bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sisterhood and "Doing Good": Asymmetries of Western Feminist Location, Access and Orbits of Concern
Authors: Narayan Uma
Published: July 2019

There are a variety of discourses and practices that position Western feminists (and Western political subjects more generally) as people who have a moral and political obligation to concern themselves with the welfare, suffering, or empowerment of non-Western subjects, often women, and intervene to “do good” on their behalf. Conversely, there are virtually no discourses and practices that assign moral and political obligations to non-Western feminists (or non-Western political subjects more generally) to intervene in matters involving the welfare or suffering of Western subjects, including women. A central goal of my paper is to make this asymmetry explicit and distinguish it from charges such as “essentialism” more commonly made against Western feminist representations of their Others. I explore the consequences of discourses and practices that construct Western subjects as entitled to and obligated to concern themselves with the world entire, while not extending this global scope of concern to non-Western subjects. I critically examine, among other things, the roles assigned Western-funded NGOs in enabling Western subjects to engage in practices of “doing good” and I explore alternative possibilities that are more explicitly “political.” Along the way, I examine certain blind spots in Western political theory that appear connected to the picture of Western subjects as obligated to “do good” in distant places. My analysis engages substantially with Alison Jaggar’s essay, “Saving Amina,” drawing attention to matters of agreement and possible disagreement.
Not Quite Romeo: Berlioz, Smithson and the Unspoken Truth
Authors: Salmonson Hope
Published: July 2019

This paper explores Hector Berlioz’s tempestuous relationship with Shakespearean actress Harriet Smithson, its connection to his Symphonie Fantastique, and the lack of scholarship surrounding these subjects. Using collections of Berlioz’s memoirs and letters to analyze their twenty-six-year relationship, this paper notes the lack of emphasis, within music scholarship, on Berlioz’s mistreatment of Smithson. In addition, this paper draws on the works of Jessica Valenti, Fabio Mariani and Sherry B. Ortner to analyze and relate conceptions of virginity, particularly the purity myth, to Hector Berlioz’s letters. Finally, it suggests that the current scholarship continues to reinforce Berlioz’s historical legacy as an esteemed Romantic composer, despite contemporary discussions of “locker room talk” and sexual misconduct, and their appearance within the literature.
Pesca coletiva com timbó do povo Karajá
Authors: Bidjawari Karajá Daniel
Published: July 2019

O artigo tem como base o conhecimento oral que se fundamenta em mito, história e acontecimento que revelam vários conhecimentos, envolvendo a realidade vivida por meu povo. Este trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa que envolve o povo Karajá, em geral, Karajá do norte e Karajá do sul, e aborda a pesca coletiva com timbó do povo Karajá, iny axina. Aborda assuntos que envolvem a pescaria, em geral, como rezas, rituais, cerimonia e resguardo, principalmente o conceito de pesca dentro do ciclo que esse povo segue, cada pesca no seu devido tempo. O sucesso dessa pesca depende da organização, liderança perante esse acontecimento, tem como apoio o chefe da aldeia que também tem participação importante, nesse acontecimento, na comunidade Karajá
To be or not to be informational: Preverbal complements in Medieval French V2 configurations
Authors: Larrivée Pierre
Published: July 2019

It is widely assumed that Medieval French V2 constructions relate to an informational value (Labelle & Hirschbühler 2018 i.a.). This assumption is however rarely tested by quantitative studies, which tend to rely on heterogeneous textual material. The purpose of this paper is to document the informational value of preverbal complements that associate with (unambiguous) V2 configurations. I use a novel, homogeneous corpus of prose legal texts from the Normandy region over the period 1150–1475. Defining a decision tree, I determine the informational value of V2 complements, specifically whether they represent old information (explicit mentioned, anaphoric, accommodated or inferable) or new information. A categorical discourse-old value is evidenced for preverbal V2 complements for the period between 1150 and 1236. The loss of the categorical informational value precedes the decline of V2 as a productive configuration with the emergence of formulaic uses. The detailed documentation of the informational value of historical configurations, based on an explicit, replicable method applied to a homogeneous corpus, contributes to the understanding of the driving role of informational structure for syntactic change.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE TIME IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTICLEBOARDS
Authors: Iwakiri Setsuo , Trianoski Rosilani , Rosa Thiago Souza , Silva da Costa Leandro Sousa
Published: July 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of three different temperatures and pressing times, near of industrial conditions, on the properties of experimental panels produced in the laboratory. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of three different temperatures and pressing times, near of industrial conditions, on the properties of experimental panels produced in the laboratory. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of three different temperatures and pressing times, near of industrial conditions, on the properties of experimental panels produced in the laboratory. The increase in the pressing time did not significantly affect the physical properties of the panels but improved their mechanical properties. The increase in the pressing temperature reduced the mechanical properties of the panels.
NANOFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE, THE SMALL PROMISING FIBER: CHARACTERISTICS AND POTENTIALITIES
Authors: Silva Eliane Lopes da , Vieira Helena Cristina , Santos Joielan Xipaia dos , Saul Cyro Ketzer , Nisgoski Silvana , Muñiz Graciela Inés Bolzon de
Published: July 2019

Cellulose: an abundant, biodegradable and renewable plant material that is available all around the globe, from which nanofibrillated cellulose (a homogeneous suspension of fibers with nanometer-scale diameters) can be extracted. The nanofibrillated cellulose, in what concerns its range of application, may completely or partially replace other materials due to its particular physical properties. Knowing its characteristics and properties is important in understanding its behavior in various applications. In light of this remarks, the objective of this research was to extract the nanocellulose from bleached eucalyptus pulp through mechanical milling to characterize the resulting nanofibrillated cellulose and compare both. The nanofibrillated cellulose presented a very distinct appearance in relation to the original cellulose pulp when they were analysed in the same concentrations, demonstrating greater water absorption and fibrillar interweaving. The nanofibrillated material showed different responses in comparison to the original in terms of dimensions, thermal stability, crystallinity, viscosity, and degree of polymerization. The nanofibrillated cellulose displays the same chemical composition through infrared analysis and has diameters of around 21.7 nm, smaller than the cellulose diameter of 11.4 μm. The nanofibrillated cellulose also exhibits lower thermal resistance: its decomposition temperature was about 20 ºC lower than that of the original cellulose pulp, and its crystallinity index has decreased. As for viscosity and degree of polymerization, there was reduction of 25% compared to the original material. The results presented hereby indicate that the nanofibrillated cellulose has unique features in relation to the original cellulose pulp, which supports its application as an alternative to existing materials.
AGRESSIVENESS AND BIOCONTROL OF Rosellinia bunodes IN POPLAR
Authors: Kleina Heloisa Thomazi , Dos Santos Álvaro Figueredo , Duarte Henrique Da Silva Silveira , Machado Edilene Buturi
Published: July 2019

The Rosellinia root rot, caused by the fungus Rosellinia bunodes, has gained prominence due to the incidence in commercial plantations of forest species, such as poplar. Due to the absence of phytosanitary products registered for this crop in Brazil, cultural control, often inefficient, becomes the only option for the control of this disease. In the search for solutions to this problem, biological control meets the needs of implementing a more sustainable system. The objective of this work was to evaluate the aggressiveness of R. bunodes isolates in poplar and the antagonistic capacity in vitro and in vivo of Trichoderma spp. in control of this phytopathogen. For the aggressiveness test, healthy poplar seedlings were planted on substrate inoculated with nine R. bunodes isolates. The tests of antagonism in direct confrontation, production of volatile and non-volatile compounds were performed among 30 isolates of Trichoderma spp. and R. bunodes isolate R2. In the in vivo test, the treatments consisted of different planting dates of the seedlings infested with the antagonist fungus and the phytopathogen. R. bunodes isolates R2, R3, R3A, R6 and R8 were more aggressive than the others. From 30 isolates of Trichoderma spp., 12 may be considered as potential biocontrol agents due to the high competitive capacity and suppression of mycelial growth of R. bunodes. The longer exposure time between the pathogen and the antagonist on the substrate decreased the incidence of Rosellinia root rot in poplar.
SURVIVAL EVALUATION AND SOIL REINFORCEMENT CAPACITY OF FIVE REOPHYTES SPECIES OF THE ATLANTIC RAINFOREST BIOME
Authors: Dewes Junior Joel , Maffra Charles Rodrigo Belmonte , Sousa Rita Dos Santos , Sutili Fabrício Jaques
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival rate, the vegetative development and vertical pullout resistance of Phyllanthus sellowianus, Salix humboldtiana, Gymnanthes schottiana, Cephallanthus glabratus and Ludwigia elegans propagated by live cuttings. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS. The experiment was installed in October 2015 and evaluated in June 2016. Experiment was conducted in randomized blocks design with use of 5 plant species and 3 replications. In each block were planted 3 live cuttings of each species, with the total of 45 cuttings for the 3 blocks. The space between plants was of 1 x 1 m. Live cuttings average diameter was 1.7 cm and 60 cm long. Were evaluated the survival rate, morphological variables from shoots, as well as the vertical pullout resistance for each species. The observed survival rates were: P. sellowianus (100%), S. humboldtiana (100%), G. schottiana (83%), %), C. glabratus (67%) e L. elegans (50%), which are statistically different among themselves by Chi-square test (χ ²) at 5% level of significance. The variables, length and diameter of shoots, as well as the vertical pullout resistance are statistically different between species by Tukey’s test at 5% level of significance, and the best results were observed for P. sellowianus and less favorable to L. elegans. The results showed that the evaluated species, excluding L. elegans, had from great to good survival rates. The species P. sellowianus and L. elegans had the major and minor soil mechanical reinforcement capacity, respectively.Keywords: Soil Bioengineering, land reclamation, soil stabilization, vegetative propagation.
GROWTH OF A POPULATION OF Cabralea canjerana IN A NATURAL REGENERATION STAGE IN THE SECONDARY FOREST WITH USE OF THE LIBERATION
Authors: Zimmermann Anna Paula Lora , Fleig Frederico Dimas
Published: July 2019

This work aimed to verify the influence of the liberation technique on the growth of a young population of Cabralea canjerana, based on this to determine the best size for the plants to be liberated and to verify the differences in growth between emergent and dominate plants. The liberation consisted of the clear cutting of all species different from the species of interest, with 90 trees from the species being liberated and 73 being kept in competition (control). The variables total height and diameter at 10 cm from the soil were previously and annually, for four years after the liberation, measured. At the end of the experiment the crown diameter, crown length and branch insertion height were measured and the trees were classified according the treatment and sociological position (emergent or dominated). The data were submitted to means tests in the statistical package SISVAR. Liberated plants showed a higher increase in diameter or height than not liberated trees. However, the increase gain in diameter and height is higher when realized in plants up to 100 cm high, especially if the plants are able to become emergent. Not liberated emergent trees showed higher branch insertion height in the stem, which in practice shows a higher proportion of stem free from nodes. Thus, it is concluded that the liberation stimulates the growth of young trees of C. canjerana.
BIOMASS AND NUTRIENTS REMOVAL IN PURE AND MIXED POPULATIONS OF Pinus sp. IN SOUTHWEST BAHIA - BRAZIL
Authors: Gomes Vanessa De Souza , Barreto-Garcia Patrícia Anjos Bittencourt , Novaes Adalberto Brito , Scoriza Rafael Nogueira , Nascimento Mariana Dos Santos , Oliveira Monalisa Fagundes
Published: July 2019

The magnitude of export of nutrients with forest harvest depends on the adopted waste management and, above all, on the distribution of biomass and nutrients in the trees, which is conditioned by the genetic potential and the species composition of forest stand.  The objective of this study was to quantify the biomass and nutrients of the trees and evaluate the effect of the management of harvest residues on the removal of nutrients from pure and mixed plantations of Pinus sp.. The study areas are located in the Southwest region of Bahia State, Brazil. Twenty trees per species were selected and felled under both planting conditions. The biomass quantification was performed by the destructive method. Samples of the tree components were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents. The total biomass was 75 Mg ha-1 for pure planting, and 81 Mg ha-1 for mixed planting, with wood and bark as the most representative compartments. Removal of the wood with bark led to too much nutrient removal, reaching a further 50% of the total contained in the biomass. Mixed planting has been shown more prone to export P, K and Mg. For both plantations, 64% of the N, P, K, Ca and Mg are in other components of the aerial part of the tree, and not in the wood. The elements that represent the highest risk for maintaining productivity are Ca and Mg.
A reescrita do gênero “resumo escolar” mediada pela lista de controle/constatações
Authors: Vieira Golçalves Adair , Deganutti de Barros Eliana Merlin
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho ancora-se nos princípios da engenharia didática desenvolvida pelo Grupo de Genebra filiado ao Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (ISD). Os engenheiros didáticos, segundo os estudiosos do ISD, devem responsabilizar-se pela concepção, elaboração e validação de projetos escolares e de seus respectivos dispositivos, atividades e exercícios didáticos. A finalidade é apresentar resultados de uma investigação, de natureza qualitativa, focada em duas etapas do processo de ensino da produção escrita: a revisão e reescrita textual, tendo como foco o uso de uma ferramenta de intervenção denominada “lista de controle/constatações”, utilizada durante a transposição didática do gênero textual “resumo escolar”. Os dados analisados foram gerados a partir de uma pesquisa interventiva realizada num contexto de ensino privado no interior do Estado de São Paulo, subsidiada pela metodologia das sequências didáticas de gêneros concebida pelo grupo genebrino. Para a intervenção foi utilizada a sequência didática elaborada por Machado, Lousada e Abreu-Tardelli (2004) e publicada pela editora Parábola. Dentre os resultados apontados pela pesquisa, destaca-se o fato de as listas de controle/constatações poderem ser consideradas, além de instrumentos mediadores do ensino, instrumentos mediadores da responsividade ativa do aluno, no processo de reescrita textual.
Woody Encroachment Extent and Its Associated Impacts on Plant and Herbivore Species Occurrence in Maswa Game Reserve, Tanzania
Authors: Kimaro Houssein Samwel , Asenga Ayoub M. , Munishi Linus , Treydte Anna C.
Published: July 2019

Habitat degradation caused by woody plant encroachment has been a common phenomenon in savanna ecosystems. An increasing woody plant cover in open grassland reduces grazing grounds and, consecutively, impacts mammalian herbivores, but structural changes and their associated impact have rarely been assessed and quantified. We analyzed the extent of woody plant encroachment via remote sensing and used transects and plots to assess encroaching woody plant species and their associated impacts on herbaceous plant and herbivore species in Maswa Game Reserve, Tanzania. We found that woody plant cover had increased by 0.5% to 2.6% per annum over the last thirty years, while in other parts of the park it has decreased by 0.5% to 1.5% per annum. Acacia drepanolobium was the dominant encroaching woody species, and the number of stems in heavily encroached sites was seven times and three times higher than in open grassland and at medium encroached sites, respectively. In encroached plots, grazer and mixed feeder species occurrence were reduced while the presence of browser species was slightly elevated. Furthermore, our finding shows that bare ground cover is positively correlated with an increase of woody plant cover. Additionally, the number of herbaceous species slightly increased with the increase of woody plant encroachment, while the herbaceous cover was negatively correlated with the increase of woody plant cover. We suggest that fire regimes should be taken up to suppress the ongoing encroachment processes while strongly encroached sites might need mechanical intervention to control dense vegetation. This emphasis is on fire, particularly prescribed fire as a management tool of vegetation in Savanna ecosystem. We conclude that, woody plant encroachment is driven by different factors such as fire, mega-herbivores and topology that may interactively trigger woody plant encroachment in Savanna ecosystem.
Effects of Oligofructose-enriched Inulin and Digestive Symptoms on Subjective Wellbeing, Mood and Cognitive Performance
Authors: Smith Andrew P.
Published: July 2019

Rationale: Research has shown that the behavioural effects of inulin vary depending on dose, whether combined with food or not, and length of time that the inulin is consumed.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of 13g of inulin on digestive symptoms, mood and cognitive performance.

Methods: This study compared 13g of inulin and maltodextrin placebo over a single day using a cross-over design (N=51), with a measurement of mood and cognition occurring across the day.

Results: Inulin increased the number of motions occurring and the number of stools passed. Inulin was associated with a more negative mood and impaired cognition, especially episodic memory.

Conclusions: Inulin can influence behaviour through a variety of mechanisms. Effects seen in this study could not reflect changes in gut flora due to the short time period studied. Other possible mechanisms are discussed.
Studying the Economic, Socio-Cultural and Environmental Outcomes of Ecotourism on Local Communities Using SEM Model
Authors: Rostami Elmira , Teimouri Mozhgan Sabet
Published: July 2019

In this paper the ecotourism development (ED) outcomes on economic (ECE), socio-cultural (SCE) and environmental (ENE) effects on local communities was studied. For this purpose, the structural equation model (SEM) model was used. For empirical data and case study, the Kang and Noghondar villages of Khorasan-e-Razavi province of Iran were selected. Results indicated that ecotourism development (ED) has positive significant effect at 1% on economic effects (ECE) of Kang and Noghondar villages. Also, if ED of Kang and Noghondar villages improve 1 unit, ECE will increase equal to 0.81 and 0.83 units, respectively. In addition, ecotourism development (ED) has negative significant effect at 1% on environmental effects (ENE) of Kang and Noghondar villages. Also, if ED of Kang and Noghondar villages improve 1 unit, ENE will decrease equal to 0.67, and 0.69 units, respectively. Finally, ecotourism development (ED) has positive significant effect at 1% on socio-cultural effects (SCE) of Kang and Noghondar villages. Also, if ED of Kang and Noghondar villages improve 1 unit, SCE will decrease increase to 0.74 and 0.71 units, respectively.
Laryngeal tumor of neurogenetic origin - a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Majszyk Daniel , Krawczyk Przemysław , Kloc Michał , Rytel Adam , Osuch-Wójcikiewicz Ewa , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: July 2019

Schwann cell tumors are rare group of benign neoplasms that origin form peripheral nerves. 0,1%-1,5% develops in the larynx causing hoarseness, difficulty with swallowing and dyspnea. Treatment of the choice is surgical resection of the tumor during open type surgery or endoscopic procedure. Chosen surgical technique depends on tumor localization, size observed in clinical examination and imaging. Also, clinical manifestation of the disease is included in decision making process.
IMPROVING THE NATIONAL MODEL OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
Authors: Levon Svetlana
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the experience of the European Union coun-tries and the development of recommendations for improving the centralized model of public procurement management in Ukraine. The article is focused on clarification of the basic provisions of normative acts, which are the basis for the functioning of a centralized procurement organization, the State Institution «Professional Procurement». This applies to the Law of Ukraine «On Public Procurement», the Reso-lution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine «On the Implementation of a Pilot Pro-ject on the Organization of the Activities of a Centralized Procurement Organization» and the Order of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine, ac-cording to which the functions of the Centralized Procurement Organization (herein-after referred to as the Central Depository) are entrusted to the State institution «Pro-fessional purchases».
It has been established that centralized procurement is not necessarily carried out through a specialized organization. For these purposes, both, state limited liability companies and independent agencies (the structure of which is very similar to the structure of private companies) can be formed.
Based on the experience gained, recommendations for the improvement of the Ukraini-an centralized procurement organization were developed by the State Institution «Pro-fessional Procurement». In particular, it is proposed to legislate this institution with certain powers to monitor the market, to finance the work to use the customer's payment of a fixed advance payment for each procurement procedure and to use open framework agreements when conducting procurement procedures.
SOCIAL ENTERPRISE IN SOCIAL MARKET ECONOMY
Authors: Florczak Ewelina , Gardziński Tomasz
Published: July 2019

The aim of the article is to confirm the thesis that social enterprises have a big impact on maximizing social benefits and reducing disparities and social exclusion in the state with the social market economy, as well as in a country without a social market economy system. To achieve the goal, the assumptions of the social market economy and social enterprises were presented, both in terms of model and practical function-ing in Polish conditions. The authors use the deductive method of selected scientific publications, as well as the comparative method both in the efficiency of legal forms and business models of social enterprises, and the positive feedback phenomenon be-tween the social and micro-social dimension when the social enterprise penetrates complementarily through the order of the social market economy.
Unlocking Water Issues Towards Food Security in Africa
Authors: Vilakazi Nokuthula , Nyirenda Kumbukani , Vellemu Emmanuel
Published: July 2019

Water plays an important role in food security and provides the basis for healthy ecosystems and human well-being. The relationship between water and food production is key to creating resilient and sustainable food systems. This chapter will discuss the effects of water quality and scarcity with respect to food security in Africa. The effects of water availability and its usage in the African landscape and how this has impacted food security will be highlighted. Lastly, issues concerning water pollution and food safety will be tackled to identify knowledge gaps that impede food security in Africa in its efforts toward attaining the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Treating the Enemy: Victims of the Syrian Civil War in Israel
Authors: Luder Anthony
Published: July 2019

Between February 2013 and December 2018, many thousands of victims of the Syrian civil war crossed the closed border between the two warring states and received, at no cost, high-level and extensive medical and humanitarian care in Israel. Overall mortality rates were very low, and more than 40 Syrian babies were born in Israel. All the patients returned to Syria after their treatment which extended in some cases into many months. Severe medical disease, surgical conditions and the major traumas of war injuries.were treated in in-patient and ambulatory settings. The story of this unique campaign contains many themes: military, legal, medical, social, humanitarian, ethical, media, personal and political. There have been very few, if any, precedents for a campaign of this nature involving two bitter enemies, over whose mutual border real and potential threats are constantly being played out.
Relações entre as características físicas e morfológica do solo e crescimento de Araucaria angustilofia (Bert.) O. Ktze., em Passo Fundo, RS
Authors: Cassol Carmeli Antonia , Zago Ari
Published: July 2019

This study investigates the relationships between physical and morphological soil characteristics and growth of Araucaria angustifolia in three types of Passo Fundo, RS National Forest Soils. Soil samples were collected at 0-20 cm deep, in randomly chosen 400 m2 area square plots. Relationships between growth of Araucaria angustifolia and soil characteristics were evaluated by means of a simple linear correlation. The soil characteristics that significantly correlated with growth variables were: structure, silt and clay content, and A horizon thickness.
Anatomia da madeira de Maba inconstants (Jacq.) Gris. (Ebenaceae)
Authors: Marchiori José Newton Cardoso
Published: July 2019

This study describes the general, macroscopic and microscopic anatomical structure of the called "Maria-Preta" (Maba inconstans (Jacq.) Gris.), a native tree to the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The wood anatomy of this species is compared with the usual literature for this botanical family. It was found a great similarity between the wood of Maba inconstans and the xylology of the genus Diospyros.
Nutrição mineral da soja (Glycine max. L. Merril) na floração
Authors: Souza Victor Hugo da Silva e
Published: July 2019

The principal objetive of the present work was to obtain information of avaliability, absorption and distribution of nutrients and the state nutritive of three varieties of soybean, before and begin of the flowering.The experiment was conducted on soil Santa Maria at the Central Depression of the Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, using the varieties "IAS-2", "Bragg" and "Hardee". The concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), of Copper (Cu), of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) were determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer; the phosphorus (P) by the colorimetry and the potassium (K) by flame photometer.The chemical composition of the mineral analysis of the leaves between the vegetative stage and reprodutive stage showed the high demand, the translocation and the concentrations of macronutrients and micronutrientes according the varieties.
Short-term effects of thinning on the understory natural environment of mixed broadleaf-conifer forest in Changbai Mountain area, Northeast China
Authors: Liu Qiang , Sun Yue , Wang Gerong , Cheng Fushan , Xia Fucai
Published: July 2019

Background

The understory natural environment is critical in affecting the succession and recovery process of vegetation, stand structure, and species composition of forest. The thinning intensity could significantly change the forest microclimates and soil properties, therefore, to analyze the effects of thinning intensity on the understory natural environment of forest is of important significance for promoting the ecological benefits of thinning.

Methods

A total of 16 fixed sample plots with different thinning intensities were established in the mixed broadleaf-conifer forest in Jiaohe, situated in Changbai Mountain area, Northeast China, and the forest microclimates and soil properties were investigated after 4 years since the establishment of the sample plots.

Results

The results showed that the high intensity thinning significantly decreased the leaf area index from 4.13 (unthinned plot) to 2.21 (high intensity thinned plot), and the air temperature was increased by thinning from May to July. Comparing with the unthinned plot, thinning caused a rise of temperature (ranging from 2.11 to 6.74 °C, depending on the intensity of thinning) in May. However, it showed cooling effect in September and October. Besides, the air moisture of thinning plots was lower than the control plot in May and October, when the density of leaves is lower in the forest, and it even decreased 20.27% after thinning. The thinning intensity had no significantly effect on water content and organic carbon in forest soils, and only the bulk density in the top-layer soils in high intensity thinning plot was remarkably increased. Total nitrogen in soil was increased by different intensities of thinning, and the availability of nutrients for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in some soils were also affected.
A Study on Constraints Faced by the Farmers in Adoption and Marketing of Extra Long Staple Cotton Production Technology
Authors: Deepika M. , Asokhan M.
Published: July 2019

The present study was conducted to analyse the constraints faced by the farmers in the adoption and marketing of ELS cotton production technology. The study was taken up in two blocks of Vellore district namely, Tirupattur and Kandhili blocks of Tamil Nadu. The sample size of 132 cotton growers was drawn on proportionate random sample method. The data were collected using a well-structured interview schedule and data were analysed using appropriate statistical analysis. The study revealed that less than two-thirds (62.87%) of the respondents faced the problem of labour crisis followed by a transportation problem (57.57%).
Physico-chemical Characterization of Palm Kernel Oil Extracted from the Seeds of Two Varieties of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) for Possible Use in Feed or Food
Authors: Paulin Yapi Amin , Irène Kouadio Ahou
Published: July 2019

This study was carried out in order to assess the quality of the type of palm kernel oil suitable for the alternative in animal oil in feed or food. To reach this objective, oil D and oil T extracted respectively from the seeds of the varieties Dura and Tenera of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) by the Soxhlet method using hexane as a solvent were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. The results obtained show that the values for the physical parameters (Oil yield, density and percentage of impurities) of both oils were similar and fell in those of the standards of Codex Alimentarius 2015. However, for the chemical parameters (Acid value, percentage of free fatty acids, peroxide value, saponification value and ester value), the values obtained for oil D were the highest, but for both oils, the values were above those recommended by the standards of Codex Alimentarius 2015, excepted the Saponification values and the Ester values which were below these standards. The determination of fatty acids composition by Gas Chromatography showed that these oils were not significantly different. Indeed, the totals saturated fatty acids were in amounts of 87.92% ± 0.17 and 87.53% ± 0.24, while the totals unsaturated fatty acids were in amounts of 12.08% ± 0.02 and 12.47% ± 0.02 respectively for oil D and oil T. The predominant fatty acid was lauric acid in amounts of 36.87% and 37.84% respectively for oil D and oil T.

Thus, these palm kernel oils could be used as ingredients and preservatives in feed due to their content in lauric acid which is known to possess antimicrobial properties and also to their content in unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids) which are an indicator of oil quality. However, oil T seems to be more suitable for the alternative in animal oil in feed due to its percentage of free fatty acid which is less than that of oil D.
Immunomodulatory Fungi: An Alternative for the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Nieto-Mosquera Diana Lorena , Segura-Puello Hugo Ramiro , Segura-Charry Juan Sebastian , Muñoz-Forero Diana Milena , Villamil-Ballesteros Andrea Catalina
Published: July 2019

The present study aims to determine the role of immunomodulatory fungi for the treatment of cancer as an alternative way. Mushrooms have been part of human culture for thousands of years, many cultures especially from the East, recognized that the extracts of certain fungi could have great health benefits. Recent research has focused on identifying compounds that can modulate, positively or negatively, the biological responses of immune cells. These compounds stimulate immunity, and not only for the treatment of cancer, but also for immunodeficiency diseases; for drug-induced generalized immune suppression; for therapy combined with antibiotics and as adjuvant for vaccines. The medicinal mushrooms are considered as immunomodulators, they are able to regulate the immune system. A diverse collection of bioactive polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycopeptides, and proteoglycans have an effect on the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells and cytokines. Different purified polysaccharides have had clinical use in Japan, China, and Korea for many years, without reports of negative effects in the short term or in the long term. Different studies have shown that the application of polysaccharide extracts can have a cancer prevention effect and a restriction of tumor metastasis; they have also been used to treat microbial and viral infections, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
Relationship between left atrial volume and ischemic stroke subtype
Authors: Kamel Hooman , Okin Peter M. , Merkler Alexander E. , Navi Babak B. , Campion Thomas R. , Devereux Richard B. , Díaz Iván , Weinsaft Jonathan W. , Kim Jiwon
Published: July 2019

Objective

Atrial cardiopathy without atrial fibrillation (AF) may be a potential cardiac source of embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS). Atrial volume is a feature of atrial cardiopathy, but the relationship between atrial volume and ESUS remains unclear.

Methods

We compared left atrial volume among ischemic stroke subtypes in the Cornell Acute Stroke Academic Registry (CAESAR), which includes all patients with acute ischemic stroke at our hospital since 2011. Stroke subtype was determined by neurologists per the TOAST classification and consensus ESUS definition. Left atrial volume index (LAVI) was obtained directly from our echocardiography image system (Xcelera, Philips Healthcare). We used t‐tests and analysis of variance for unadjusted comparisons and targeted minimum loss‐based estimation for comparisons adjusted for demographics and comorbidities.

Results

Among 2116 patients in CAESAR from 2011 to 2016, 1293 had LAVI measurements. LAVI varied across subtypes (P < 0.001) from 48.8 (±30.0) mL/m2 in cardioembolic strokes to 30.3 (±10.5) mL/m2 in small‐vessel strokes. LAVI was larger in ESUS (33.3 ± 13.6 mL/m2) than in small‐ or large‐vessel stroke (30.9 ± 10.7 mL/m2) (P = 0.01). The association between LAVI and ESUS persisted after the adjustment for demographics and comorbidities: a 10 mL/m2 increase in LAVI was associated with a 4.4% increase in ESUS probability (95% CI, 2.3%–6.4%). Results were similar after excluding patients with AF during post‐discharge heart‐rhythm monitoring.

Interpretation

We found larger left atria among patients with ESUS versus non‐cardioembolic stroke. There was significant overlap in left atrial size between ESUS and non‐cardioembolic stroke, highlighting that many ESUS cases are not cardioembolic.
42 CFR Part 2 now up for SAMHSA rulemaking change
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2019

After complaining about 42 CFR Part 2, the regulation requiring patients to consent to release of their substance use disorder (SUD) treatment records, for years, but saying that Congress had to fix it, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is on the brink of changing the regulation.
FDA cracks down on CBD claims
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2019

Last week, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning letter to Curaleaf Inc. of Wakefield, Massachusetts, for illegally selling cannabidiol (CBD) with claims that their products treat cancer, Alzheimer's disease, opioid withdrawal, pain and “pet anxiety,” among other conditions and diseases.
ASAM supports eliminating the x‐waiver for buprenorphine
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2019

The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) has for months not taken any position on the “x the x‐waiver” movement, which would deregulate the prescription of buprenorphine, eliminating the provisions of the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 (DATA 2000), which require prescribers to have training and to have a special registration with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Last week, however, ASAM came out with this: It agrees with making buprenorphine more accessible by getting rid of the x‐waiver.
Recent Advances in Ambipolar Transistors for Functional Applications
Authors: Ren Yi , Yang Xiaoyang , Zhou Li , Mao Jing‐Yu , Han Su‐Ting , Zhou Ye
Published: July 2019

Ambipolar transistors represent a class of transistors where positive (holes) and negative (electrons) charge carriers both can transport concurrently within the semiconducting channel. The basic switching states of ambipolar transistors are comprised of common off‐state and separated on‐state mainly impelled by holes or electrons. During the past years, diverse materials are synthesized and utilized for implementing ambipolar charge transport and their further emerging applications comprising ambipolar memory, synaptic, logic, and light‐emitting transistors on account of their special bidirectional carrier‐transporting characteristic. Within this review, recent developments of ambipolar transistor field involving fundamental principles, interface modifications, selected semiconducting material systems, device structures, ambipolar characteristics, and promising applications are highlighted. The existed challenges and prospective for researching ambipolar transistors in electronics and optoelectronics are also discussed. It is expected that the review and outlook are well timed and instrumental for the rapid progress of academic sector of ambipolar transistors in lighting, display, memory, as well as neuromorphic computing for artificial intelligence.
Unprecedented Enhancement of Thermoelectric Power Factor Induced by Pressure in Small‐Molecule Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Shi Wen , Deng Tianqi , Wu Gang , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , Wang Jian‐Sheng , Yang Shuo‐Wang
Published: July 2019

Establishing the relationship between pressure and heat–electricity interconversion in van der Waals bonded small‐molecule organic semiconductors is critical not only in designing flexible thermoelectric materials, but also in developing organic electronics. Here, based on first‐principles calculations and using naphthalene as a case study, an unprecedented elevation of p‐type thermoelectric power factor induced by pressure is demonstrated; and the power factor increases by 267% from 159.5 µW m−1 K−2 under ambient conditions to 585.8 µW m−1 K−2 at 2.1 GPa. The underlying mechanism is attributed to the dramatic inhibition of lattice‐vibration‐caused electronic scattering. Furthermore, it is revealed that both restraining low‐frequency intermolecular vibrational modes and increasing intermolecular electronic coupling are two essential factors that effectively suppress the electron–phonon scattering. From the standpoint of molecular design, these two conditions can be achieved by extending the π‐conjugated backbones, introducing long alkyl sidechains to the π‐cores, and substituting heteroatoms in the π‐cores.
Silicene: Wet‐Chemical Exfoliation Synthesis and Biodegradable Tumor Nanomedicine
Authors: Lin Han , Qiu Wujie , Liu Jianjun , Yu Luodan , Gao Shanshan , Yao Heliang , Chen Yu , Shi Jianlin
Published: July 2019

Silicon‐based biomaterials play an indispensable role in biomedical engineering; however, due to the lack of intrinsic functionalities of silicon, the applications of silicon‐based nanomaterials are largely limited to only serving as carriers for drug delivery systems. Meanwhile, the intrinsically poor biodegradation nature for silicon‐based biomaterials as typical inorganic materials also impedes their further in vivo biomedical use and clinical translation. Herein, by the rational design and wet chemical exfoliation synthesis of the 2D silicene nanosheets, traditional 0D nanoparticulate nanosystems are transformed into 2D material systems, silicene nanosheets (SNSs), which feature an intriguing physiochemical nature for photo‐triggered therapeutics and diagnostic imaging and greatly favorable biological effects of biocompatibility and biodegradation. In combination with DFT‐based molecular dynamics (MD) calculations, the underlying mechanism of silicene interactions with bio‐milieu and its degradation behavior are probed under specific simulated physiological conditions. This work introduces a new form of silicon‐based biomaterials with 2D structure featuring biodegradability, biocompatibility, and multifunctionality for theranostic nanomedicine, which is expected to promise high clinical potentials.
Influence of Temperature‐Dependent Substrate Decomposition on Graphene for Separable GaN Growth
Authors: Park Jeong‐Hwan , Lee Jun‐Yeob , Park Mun‐Do , Min Jung‐Hong , Lee Je‐Sung , Yang Xu , Kang Seokjin , Kim Sang‐Jo , Jeong Woo‐Lim , Amano Hiroshi , Lee Dong‐Seon
Published: July 2019

Graphene has been adopted in III−V material growth since it can reduce the threading dislocations and the III−V epilayer can easily be separated from the substrate due to the weak chemical bond. However, depending on the substrate supporting the graphene, some substrates decompose in the III−V material growth environment, which results in the problem that no graphene remains. In this study, the influence of temperature‐dependent substrate decomposition on graphene through an annealing process that resembles conventional growth conditions in metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is investigated. It is also confirmed that trimethylgallium, hydrogen, and ammonia gases do not directly affect the graphene loss through gallium nitride (GaN) growth on a graphene/sapphire. In addition, GaN grown on graphene/sapphire could separate, but GaN grown on a graphene/GaN template could not be separated due to GaN template decomposition and related graphene damage. Through further investigation for graphene/gallium arsenide, it is deduced that the gallium generated by substrate decomposition does not play a major role in damage to the graphene but instead the nitrogen generated by substrate decomposition is closely related to it. These results suggest that it is very important to adopt a decomposition‐free substrate that do not damage graphene during GaN growth in MOCVD.
Additive Engineering to Grow Micron‐Sized Grains for Stable High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Hua , Wu Guohua , Li Wanyi , Zhang Yaohong , Liu Zhike , Wang Dapeng , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: July 2019

A high‐quality perovskite photoactive layer plays a crucial role in determining the device performance. An additive engineering strategy is introduced by utilizing different concentrations of N,1‐diiodoformamidine (DIFA) in the perovskite precursor solution to essentially achieve high‐quality monolayer‐like perovskite films with enhanced crystallinity, hydrophobic property, smooth surface, and grain size up to nearly 3 µm, leading to significantly reduced grain boundaries, trap densities, and thus diminished hysteresis in the resultant perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The optimized devices with 2% DIFA additive show the best device performance with a significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.22%, as compared to the control devices with the highest PCE of 19.07%. 2% DIFA modified devices show better stability than the control ones. Overall, the introduction of DIFA additive is demonstrated to be a facile approach to obtain high‐efficiency, hysteresis‐less, and simultaneously stable PSCs.
From graphical to model‐based distillation column design: A McCabe‐Thiele‐inspired mathematical programming approach
Authors: Kong Lingxun , Maravelias Christos T.
Published: July 2019

We propose a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model for simple and complex distillation column design and optimization. The model is based upon the concepts and equations underpinning the McCabe‐Thiele method. Generalizing this method, we introduce material balances at various locations of the column and employ binary variables to determine the optimal number of trays and optimal feed locations. We model the vapor–liquid equilibrium using continuous piecewise linear approximating functions. The model is extended to account for multicomponent mixtures and non‐constant‐molar overflow. We also discuss how to estimate the minimum number of trays and the minimum reflux ratio.
Global minimization of total exergy loss of multicomponent distillation configurations
Authors: Jiang Zheyu , Chen Zewei , Huff Joshua , Shenvi Anirudh A. , Tawarmalani Mohit , Agrawal Rakesh
Published: July 2019

The operating cost of a multicomponent distillation system comprises two major aspects: the overall heat duty requirement and the temperature levels at which the heat duties are generated and rejected. The second aspect, often measured by the thermodynamic efficiency of the distillation system, can be quantified by its total exergy loss. In this article, we introduce a global optimization framework for determining the minimum total exergy loss required to distill any ideal or near‐ideal multicomponent mixture using a sequence of columns. Desired configurations identified by this new framework tend to use milder‐temperature reboilers and condensers and are thus attractive for applications such as heat pump assisted distillation. Through a case study of shale gas separations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework and present various useful physical insights for designing energy efficient distillation systems.