bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVİD-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE ÖZEL EĞİTİM ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN UZAKTAN EĞİTİM SÜREÇLERİNE İLİŞKİN ÖĞRETMEN GÖRÜŞLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: MENGİ Abdurrahman , ALPDOĞAN Yusuf
Published: December 2020

Covid-19 salgını ilkin Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Vuhan kentinde ateş, öksürük, nefes darlığı gibi solunum yolu şikâyetleri ile başlayan, çoklu organ yetmezliğine yol açan, tüm yaş gruplarında görülebilen, ölümle sonuçlanan bir hastalıktır. Covid-19, dört ay gibi kısa bir sürede bütün ülkeleri etkisi altına almış ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) tarafından salgın (pandemi) olarak ilan edilmiştir. Keza insanlık tarihinde ilk kez bir salgın küresel manada tüm ülkelerin sağlık, ekonomi, eğitim kurumlarının işleyişini derinden etkilemiştir. Türkiye’de de insan sağlığını korumak ve salgından daha az etkilenmek için çeşitli kurumsal tedbirleri alma yoluna gidilmiştir. Böylece Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) da salgın nedeniyle uzaktan eğitim kararı almıştır. Dolayısıyla bu araştırma, Covid-19 salgını sürecinde özel eğitim öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitim süreçlerinin nasıl gerçekleştiğine ilişkin öğretmen görüşlerinin incelenmesi amacını taşımaktadır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgu bilim deseninden hareketle nitel veri toplama tekniğinin kullanıldığı bir araştırmadır. Araştırma, amaçlı örneklem tekniğine göre 19 özel eğitim öğretmeniyle yürütülmüştür. Araştırma verileri, Mart-Mayıs 2020’de üç aylık bir süreçte toplatılmıştır. Araştırma verileri betimsel analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırmada katılımcıların, planlama, eğitim ve öğretim faaliyetlerinin yürütülmesinde sorunlar yaşadıkları, özel eğitimde kullanılan materyal ve yardımcı teknolojilerin amacına hizmet etmediği, öğrenci motivasyonun sağlanması ve problem davranışların sağaltımı konusunda önemli oranda güçlükle karşılaştıkları bulgulanmıştır. Araştırmada, uzaktan eğitim sürecinde teknolojik alt yapı ve aile eğitimlerinin çok önemli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
COVID-19 SALGIN SÜRECİNDE ÖĞRETMENLERİN KİTAP OKUMA TUTUM VE DAVRANIŞLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KAYA Ahmet İhsan , KAYA Aslıhan , BİNDAK Recep
Published: December 2020

Tutkuların en asili, aklın en soylu işi olarak nitelenen okuma eylemi, yaşamın en önemli uğraşlarından biri olarak yerini alır. Okuma bireylerin, toplumların, ülkelerin kültürel ve ekonomik gelişmişlik düzeylerinin ölçütü olarak kabul edilir. Bu eylemin daha çok okuma sevgisinin bireylere kazandırılmasında önemli rolü olan öğretmenlerle ilişkilendirildiği söylenebilir. Bu nedenle öğretmenlerin okumayla ilgili tutum ve görüşleri önemlidir. 2020’nin başında tüm dünyayı sarsan COVID-19 salgını her şey gibi öğretenlerin okumaya karşı ilgi ve tutumlarını da değiştirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı COVID-19 salgını sırasında öğretmenlerin okuma tutumlarını ve davranışlarını incelemektir. Farklı illerde görev yapan öğretmenlerle yapılan kesitsel, web tabanlı ankette, COVID-19 salgın sürecinde okumaya yönelik tutum ve davranışa ilişkin 20 maddelik bir anket uygulanmıştır. Tarama modelinde yürütülen bu çalışmada veri toplamak için anket formu kullanılmış, bu form katılımcılara internet ortamında ulaştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın bağımlı değişkeni olan kitap okumaya yönelik tutumlar 12 maddeli Likert tipi bir ölçek ile belirlenmiştir. İstatistiksel analiz, tutum ve bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki ilgili farkı göstermek için t testi, Anova, Ki kare testi ile hesaplanmıştır. Anketi yanıtlayan toplam 582 öğretmenin % 50,7'si kadın, % 49,3'ü erkelerden oluşmuştur. Veriler SPSS programında analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre salgın sürecinin kitap okuma üzerinde kadınlar erkeklere göre daha olumlu tutumlara sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Why Russia Will Never Make It
Authors: Ohryzko Volodymyr
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the complex and multifaceted issue of self-esteem of the Muscovite population. The centuries-old seclusion from Western European processes has forged the psychological type of a ‘lonely people’ constantly looking for its shore but never quite finding it. Such separateness and otherness have led to the cultivation in the public consciousness of a stereotypical higher calling, special mission, mysteriousness, etc. The permanent ‘closed solitude’ has given rise to another psychological phenomenon – suspiciousness and aversion to everything foreign. For the sake of painting an in-depth psychological portrait of Muscovites, the author cites, for instance, controversial thoughts of Nikolai Berdyaev, who analyses the three most important elements of the Russian mindset – its perception of statehood, ethnicity, and religion. Over time, the psychological knots and traumas tied up during the formative stage of the Muscovite nation have eventually transformed into paranoid ideas of its exceptionalism and permissiveness. The author steadily justifies that the psychological type of the Russian people is hazardous for everyone around, particularly for Russia itself. It has not established itself as a democratic, liberal, free, and social state, as it cannot – and will not – do it. Therefore, its internal repressions and international aggression are an evolutionary dead end and a catalyst for collapse.
Keywords: Muscovy, psychological type, Berdyaev, Putin, chauvinism, propaganda, rapaciousness.
PRIVATISATION OF INDIAN RAILWAYS: PROSPECTS AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Rajasekar T. , Pasha Safeer
Published: December 2020

The baseline of the research work tries to explore the effect of privatisation on Indian
railways. Adoption of any policy may have both positive and negative effect. Considering this perspective, the present study explores the prospective measures as well as consequence effect while adopting privatization policy in the Railway sector. The study found that efficiency, quality of services, lesser accidents, fewer political intervene, shareholders value and technological innovation as the prospective measures while adopting privatisation concepts. The study also found that limited coverage, higher fares, accountability and impact on economy as the consequences measures while adopting the privatisation policy in Indian Railways. Therefore, adopting the privatisation policy in the railway sector consideration must be given to the above said factors for future development.
Focus on New Diabetes Treatment Options with Cardiovascular Benefits
Authors: Kim Jun Jeany
Published: December 2020

The landscape of diabetes treatment options has changed due to new diabetes drug approvals, changes in the Food and Drug Administration indications based on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes studies, as well as the approval of follow-on biologic insulins. Two new drugs were approved for type 2 diabetes mellitus including ertugliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, and semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptor agonist joining a number of other drugs in these classes. In addition, follow-on biologic insulins, such as long-acting Basaglar (insulin glargine), and rapid-acting insulins Admelog (insulin lispro) and Fiasp (insulin aspart), were also approved. Furthermore, the CV outcome trial for dapagliflozin was published in November 2018 showing CV benefits. Finally, the 2018 joint American Diabetes Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes statement on the management of type 2 diabetes and the 2019 ADA Standards of Care for Diabetes made several recommendations. They encourage the use of agents with CV benefit in those with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or heart failure and to consider GLP1 receptor agonists as the first injectable agent, even before basal insulin, in certain patients. The purpose of this review is to discuss recently approved agents for type 2 diabetes comparing the available cardiovascular findings of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 receptor agonists and outline key take-home points when recommending additional treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes after metformin.
The Role of Value Based Management in Resolving the Contradictions of Property Relations: the Model of Hired Manager Motivation
Authors: Ilyina Marina , Botnaryuk Marina
Published: December 2020

The development of productive forces in time predetermines qualitative change of industrial relations that creates a basis for contradictory property relations involving the division of the range of powers of the owner and their partial transfer to an additional subject of ownership or a hired top manager. The article describes the conflicting interests of a hired manager and owner in relation to ownership object and the implications while realizing these interests which entail the emergence of “agency problem” or “agency relations”. We study the concept of “agency costs” and their essence. We propose to use the method of business value management as a basis for a model of long-term motivation of the top manager and, thus, try to reconcile the interests of the owner and the top manager in the course of company expansion.
Interdisciplinary Approach in Assessing the Development of Modern Services Sector
Authors: Voskolovitch Nina
Published: December 2020

This article considers the development of modern services sector based on interdisciplinary approach. The author reveals the restrictions of a classical disciplinary research and shows the possibility of interaction of economy of a service sector with other sciences and disciplines. He then proves the expediency of assessment of a services sector development by means of combining on the one hand the share of contribution to GDP, employment of the population, replenishment of the state budget, and on the other hand - availability of various goods to the population as a basis for higher living standards. The research provides a comparative regional analysis the results of which can find application in justification of federal target programs and specification of state policy on life quality improvement.
Ohlson Model-Based Valuation of Companies in European Emerging Markets
Authors: Berzon Nikolaj , Khassanov Adil
Published: December 2020

This article examines the Ohlson model as an alternative way to explain the dynamics of public companies’ market quotations in emerging countries of Europe. In general, Ohlson model is an econometric model that takes into account companies’ financial statements and parameter of “other” information. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the ability of Ohlson model to estimate the value of companies in emerging markets of Europe. The scientific novelty lies in the following fact: this paper is the first empirical research that simultaneously tests the significance of Ohlson model in emerging countries of Europe. Panel data analysis for seven consecutive years demonstrates the significance of Ohlson model for the whole region of emerging European economies and for markets of Poland and Russia. The results obtained are comparable to findings of the authors who have examined the emerging markets of Latin America and Asia.
Russian Middlegame: Economy, Technogenesis, Geostrategy
Authors: Zotova Elena
Published: December 2020

The article presents a review of plenary session of the international scientific conference “Russian Middlegame: Economy, Technogenesis, Geostrategy” organized by laboratory of philosophy of economy of Faculty of economics of MSU together with scientific council of «Center of social sciences of MSU» on December 5-7, 2018. The reports considering the current state of Russia’s economy from various positions, geostrategies at the middlegame moment, a middle and most responsible part of the big game, that by Russia forcedly leads on world «chessboard», were submitted at plenary session. Presented points of view allow to consider in a new fashion present world processes, their influence on the Russian policy and economy, to offer strategy for Russia in this world game.
Citation Graph as an Instrument of the Research Methodology of Scientific Literature on Ontology of Enterprise Business Processes
Authors: Gimranov Rinat , Tishchenko Sergey , Shakhmuradyan Mikhail , Vakorin Pavel , Vysloukh Andrey , Komatovsky Maksim
Published: December 2020

The digitalization of enterprise's business processes is an integral part of the modern competitive policy of a commercial organization. The use of the results of qualitative and quantitative analyzes of existing scientific approaches in the field of identifying and developing ontologies that mediate the production of goods / services can positively affect the adoption of strategic decisions due to the reduction of time for review and research of the same ideas and methods. The article is devoted to the use of graph theory elements for the analysis of many conceptual schools and approaches to the ontology of business processes. The authors analyzed 216 scientific sources on this topic. As a result of the study, a citation graph was constructed that systematized the authors of the study area selected according to the methodology described above. This tool of the analysis methodology can be scaled and used by interested parties for a better analysis of the literature on the ontology of enterprise business processes.
INTEGRAL SOCIETY, INTEGRAL ECONOMICS, INTEGRAL SCIENTIST (IN MEMORY OF G.N. TSAGO LOV)
Authors:   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GEORGE B. KLEINER
Published: December 2020

In the article, the concepts of integral society and integral economy are considered in the context of the general methodology of integralism, developed by Pitirim Sorokin and improved by G.N. Tsagolov. Analysis of the natural location's peculiarities and the historical trajectory of countries' socio-economic development allows them to be divided into four groups: object, project, process, and environmental. This approach reveals the predisposition of countries to market / planned methods of coordination of in-country agents. The article shows that the most relevant for Russia is the so-called mixed economy in which capitalism elements are organically intertwined with elements of socialism. Studying the works of G.N. Tsagolov makes it possible to shed light on specific forms of interaction between elements of the capitalist and socialist modes in Russia's mixed economy.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ACHIEVEMENTS — THE BASIS FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL PROJECTS
Authors:   State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, VLADIMIR V. GUTENEV
Published: December 2020

The article discloses the need for significant adjustment of national projects. It shows the weak points in determining criteria and indicators for assessing the effectiveness of these projects. The key role of scientific and technical achievements in improving the competitiveness of the domestic economy and achieving development goals in general is noted. Considerable attention is paid to functioning of world level scientific and educational centers being formed within the framework of the National Project "Science".
ARES IV: Probing the Atmospheres of the Two Warm Small Planets HD 106315c and HD 3167c with the HST/WFC3 Camera*
Authors: Guilluy Gloria , Gressier Amélie , Wright Sam , Santerne Alexandre , Jaziri Adam Yassin , Edwards Billy , Changeat Quentin , Modirrousta-Galian Darius , Skaf Nour , Al-Refaie Ahmed , Baeyens Robin , Bieger Michelle Fabienne , Blain Doriann , Kiefer Flavien , Morvan Mario , Mugnai Lorenzo V. , Pluriel William , Poveda Mathilde , Zingales Tiziano , Whiteford Niall , Yip Kai Hou , Charnay Benjamin , Leconte Jérémy , Drossart Pierre , Sozzetti Alessandro , Marcq Emmanuel , Tsiaras Angelos , Venot Olivia , Waldmann Ingo , Beaulieu Jean-Philippe
Published: December 2020

We present an atmospheric characterization study of two medium-sized planets bracketing the radius of Neptune: HD 106315c (R
P = 4.98 ± 0.23 R
⊕) and HD 3167c (

R
⊕). We analyze spatially scanned spectroscopic observations obtained with the G141 grism (1.125–1.650 μm) of the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on board the Hubble Space Telescope. We use the publicly available Iraclis pipeline and TauREx3 atmospheric retrieval code and detect water vapor in the atmosphere of both planets, with an abundance of

(∼5.68σ) and

(∼3.17σ) for HD 106315c and HD 3167c, respectively. The transmission spectrum of HD 106315c also shows possible evidence of ammonia absorption (

, even if it is not significant), while carbon dioxide absorption features may be present in the atmosphere of HD 3167c in the ∼1.1–1.6 μm wavelength range (

, ∼3.28σ). However, the CO2 detection appears significant, and it must be considered carefully and put into perspective. Indeed, CO2 presence is not explained by 1D equilibrium chemistry models, and it could be due to possible systematics. The additional contributions of clouds, CO, and CH4 are discussed. HD 106315c and HD 3167c will be interesting targets for upcoming telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope and the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey.
Metal-poor Stars Observed with the Southern African Large Telescope
Authors: Rasmussen Kaitlin C. , Zepeda Joseph , Beers Timothy C. , Placco Vinicius M. , Depagne Éric , Frebel Anna , Dietz Sarah , Hartwig Tilman
Published: December 2020

We present the first release of a large-scale study of relatively bright (V < 13.5) metal-poor stars observed with the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT), based on high-resolution spectra of 50 stars with a resolving power of R ∼ 40,000 and S/N ∼ 20 per pixel at 4300 Å. The elemental abundances of C, Sr, Ba, and Eu are reported, as well as several α-elements (Mg, Ca, Sc, Ti, and V) and iron-peak elements (Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn). We find a diverse array of abundance patterns, including several consistent with the signatures of carbon-enhanced metal-poor CEMP-i and CEMP-r stars. We find that 15 of 50 (30%) are carbon enhanced (with [C/Fe] > +0.70), and that a large fraction (26 of 50, 52%) are enhanced in r-process elements. Among the r-process-enhanced stars, five are strongly enhanced r-II ([Eu/Fe] > +1.0) stars (two of which are newly discovered) and 21 are newly discovered moderately enhanced r-I (+0.3 ≤  [Eu/Fe]  ≤ +1.0) stars. There are eight stars in our sample that, on the basis of their abundances and kinematics, are possible members of the metal-weak thick-disk population. We also compare our measured abundances to progenitor-enrichment models, and find that the abundance patterns for the majority of our stars can be attributed to a single (rather than multiple) enrichment event.
Fast Outflows in Hot Dust-obscured Galaxies Detected with Keck/NIRES
Authors: Finnerty Luke , Larson Kirsten , Soifer B. T. , Armus Lee , Matthews Keith , Jun Hyunsung D. , Moon Dae-Sik , Melbourne Jason , Gomez Percy , Tsai Chao-Wei , Díaz-Santos Tanio , Eisenhardt Peter , Cushing Michael
Published: December 2020

We present rest-frame optical spectroscopic observations of 24 Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxies (Hot DOGs) at redshifts 1.7–4.6 with KECK/NIRES. Our targets are selected, based on their extreme red colors, to be the highest-luminosity sources from the WISE infrared survey. In 20 sources with well-detected emission, we fit the key [O iii], Hβ, Hα, [N ii], and [S ii] diagnostic lines to constrain physical conditions. Of the 17 targets with a clear detection of the [O iii]λ5007 Å emission line, 15 display broad blueshifted and asymmetric line profiles, with widths ranging from 1000 to 8000 km s−1 and blueshifts up to 3000 km s−1. These kinematics provide strong evidence for the presence of massive ionized outflows of up to

, with a median of

. As many as eight sources show optical emission line ratios consistent with vigorous star formation. Balmer-line star formation rates, uncorrected for reddening, range from 30 to 1300

, with a median of

. Estimates of the SFR from Spectral Energy Distribution fitting of mid- and far-infrared photometry suggest significantly higher values. We estimate the central black hole masses to be of order

, assuming the present-day

relation. The bolometric luminosities and the estimated masses of the central black holes of these galaxies suggest that many of the active galactic nucleus-dominated Hot DOGs are accreting at or above their Eddington limit. The combination of ongoing star formation, massive outflows, and high Eddington ratios suggest Hot DOGs are a transitional phase in galaxy evolution.
Using SDO/AIA to Understand the Thermal Evolution of Solar Prominence Formation
Authors: Viall Nicholeen M. , Kucera Therese A. , Karpen Judith T.
Published: December 2020

We investigated the thermal properties of prominence formation using time series analysis of Solar Dynamics Observatory's Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) data. Here, we report the first time-lag measurements derived from SDO/AIA observations of a prominence and its cavity on the solar limb, made possible by AIA's different wave bands and high time resolution. With our time-lag analysis, which tracks the thermal evolution using emission formed at different temperatures, we find that the prominence cavity exhibited a mixture of heating and cooling signatures. This is in contrast to prior time-lag studies of multiple active regions that chiefly identified cooling signatures and very few heating signatures, which is consistent with nanoflare heating. We also computed time lags for the same pairs of SDO/AIA channels using output from a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model of prominence material forming through thermal nonequilibrium (TNE). We demonstrate that the SDO/AIA time lags for flux tubes undergoing TNE are predicted to be highly complex, changing with time and location along the flux tube, and are consistent with the observed time-lag signatures in the cavity surrounding the prominence. Therefore, the time-lag analysis is a sensitive indicator of the heating and cooling processes in different coronal regions. The time lags calculated for the simulated prominence flux tube are consistent with the behavior deduced from the AIA data, thus supporting the TNE model of prominence formation. Future investigations of time lags predicted by other models for the prominence mass could be a valuable method for discriminating among competing physical mechanisms.
The Catalogue for Astrophysical Turbulence Simulations (CATS)
Authors: Burkhart B. , Appel S. M. , Bialy S. , Cho J. , Christensen A. J. , Collins D. , Federrath C. , Fielding D. B. , Finkbeiner D. , Hill A. S. , Ibáñez-Mejía J. C. , Krumholz M. R. , Lazarian A. , Li M. , Mocz P. , Mac Low M.-M. , Naiman J. , Portillo S. K. N. , Shane B. , Slepian Z. , Yuan Y.
Published: December 2020

Turbulence is a key process in many fields of astrophysics. Advances in numerical simulations of fluids over the last several decades have revolutionized our understanding of turbulence and related processes such as star formation and cosmic ray propagation. However, data from numerical simulations of astrophysical turbulence are often not made public. We introduce a new simulation-oriented database for the astronomical community: the Catalogue for Astrophysical Turbulence Simulations (CATS), located at www.mhdturbulence.com. CATS includes magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulent box simulation data products generated by the public codes athena++, arepo, enzo, and flash. CATS also includes several synthetic observational data sets, such as turbulent HI data cubes. We also include measured power spectra and three-point correlation functions from some of these data. We discuss the importance of open-source statistical and visualization tools for the analysis of turbulence simulations such as those found in CATS.
Magnetogenesis by Wave-driven Momentum Exchange
Authors: Ochs Ian E. , Fisch Nathaniel J.
Published: December 2020

When multiple species interact with an electrostatic ion acoustic wave, they can exchange momentum, despite the lack of momentum in the field itself. The resulting force on the electrons can have a curl, and thus give rise to compensating electric fields with curl on magnetohydrodynamic timescales. As a result, a magnetic field can be generated. Surprisingly, in some astrophysical settings, this mechanism can seed magnetic fields with growth rates even larger than through the traditional Biermann battery.
Model Dependence of Bayesian Gravitational-wave Background Statistics for Pulsar Timing Arrays
Authors: Hazboun Jeffrey S. , Simon Joseph , Siemens Xavier , Romano Joseph D.
Published: December 2020

Pulsar timing array (PTA) searches for a gravitational-wave background (GWB) typically include time-correlated “red” noise models intrinsic to each pulsar. Using a simple simulated PTA data set with an injected GWB signal we show that the details of the red noise models used, including the choice of amplitude priors and even which pulsars have red noise, have a striking impact on the GWB statistics, including both upper limits and estimates of the GWB amplitude. We find that the standard use of uniform priors on the red noise amplitude leads to 95% upper limits, as calculated from one-sided Bayesian credible intervals, that are less than the injected GWB amplitude 50% of the time. In addition, amplitude estimates of the GWB are systematically lower than the injected value by 10%–40%, depending on which models and priors are chosen for the intrinsic red noise. We tally the effects of model and prior choice and demonstrate how a “dropout” model, which allows flexible use of red noise models in a Bayesian approach, can improve GWB estimates throughout.
Chronique de 9 semaines sans week-end ni repos !
Authors: Paroles 92 CAARUD SIDA
Published: December 2020

Dans cet article, l’équipe du Caarud Sida Paroles propose de revivre, semaine par semaine, la période de confinement lié à la pandémie de Covid-19. Elle recense les difficultés auxquelles sont confrontés usagers et soignants, l’urgence sanitaire et la lutte des équipes pour assurer la continuité des soins.
Une expérience communautaire d’entraide
Authors: Fiatte Vincent
Published: December 2020

L’hôtel social de l’EDVO est une structure d’hébergement pour personnes concernées par l’addiction. Inspirée du Modèle Minnesota, elle s’appuie sur l’entraide des pairs, la responsabilisation et la gestion des émotions. La crise sanitaire liée au Covid-19 et l’annonce du plan de confinement a pris l’équipe et les résidents au dépourvu. Passée la stupeur, l’équipe a fait le choix de garder la structure ouverte et de laisser les 28 résidents en autonomie complète. Cet article relate leur expérience et en tire un bilan.
Retour d’expérience du soutien porté au personnel soignant de l’hôpital Paul Brousse par le service de l’Albatros dans le cadre de la pandémie du coronavirus
Authors: Hermand Marianne , Benyamina Amine
Published: December 2020

La pandémie de Covid-19 soumet la population générale à une pression psychologique importante. Au cœur de cette crise sanitaire se trouvent les soignants dont la santé mentale peut être affectée. À l’hôpital Paul Brousse, le personnel a pu compter (en parallèle des lignes de soutien téléphonique) sur les ressources locales et le soutien de proximité intra-site, promouvant ainsi le sentiment d’affiliation et la cohésion d’équipe. Le plus efficient a été de proposer des soins personnalisés répondant aux besoins de chaque service.
La réduction des risques à distance : un programme adapté et efficace pour faire face à la pandémie de Covid-19
Authors: Torres-Leguizamon Magally , Reynaud Emmanuel G. , Néfau Thomas , Duplessy Catherine
Published: December 2020

La mise en place de politiques de Réduction Des Risques (RDR) pour les usagers de drogues a des effets bénéfiques importants sur la santé des usagers en limitant notamment la propagation d’un certain nombre d’infections. Ces politiques de RDR ont mené à l’ouverture de centres spécialisés principalement localisés dans les grandes agglomérations et les zones à forte densité de population. Les services de RDR en France ont été complétés par la mise en place d’un programme de RDR à distance permettant d’atteindre des populations d’usagers ne fréquentant pas ces centres. Le programme de RDR à distance HaRePo (Harm Reduction by Post en anglais) ne nécessite pas la rencontre physique avec les usagers. Il est accessible par téléphone et/ou par courriel, les professionnels accueillent et accompagnent les usagers à distance en leur dispensant des conseils et des orientations vers les services de soins et de droit commun. Le matériel de RDR est envoyé par la poste en France métropolitaine et en Outre-Mer. La pandémie de Covid-19 et les conditions mêmes du confinement (notamment les limitations de sortie et de transport) ont rendu difficile l’accès au matériel de RDR pour certains usagers. La peur des usagers de se contaminer a également freiné leurs déplacements. De plus, les dispositifs d’accueil spécialisés en RDR ont été contraints d’adapter leurs modes de fonctionnement et pour certains de réduire voire d’arrêter momentanément leurs activités (accueils, maraudes, etc.). De par ses caractéristiques et notamment le fait que la présence physique de l’usager n’est pas nécessaire, le programme HaRePo a maintenu ses activités. Dans cet article, nous analysons comment la pandémie de Covid-19 et les mesures sanitaires associées ont affecté l’activité du programme de RDR à distance via deux indicateurs : i) le nombre de nouveaux usagers entrant dans le programme et ii) le nombre de colis contenant du matériel de RDR envoyés. Nous avons observé une augmentation du nombre de nouveaux usagers significativement plus élevé sur la période correspondant au confinement en comparaison aux années précédentes. Cette augmentation s’est poursuivie même après le déconfinement. De même, le nombre de colis contenant du matériel de RDR a très fortement augmenté. Nous avons néanmoins noté que l’augmentation de l’activité du programme de RDR à distance n’était pas le même en fonction des régions. Nous expliquons l’augmentation d’activité au cours de la période par : i) le transfert d’usagers fréquentant d’habitude les centres de RDR spécialisés qui n’ont pas eu accès à ces centres pendant le confinement et ii) par une tendance à faire des stocks de matériel pour éviter une éventuelle pénurie.
Enquête CANNAVID : Modifications de la consommation de cannabis chez les usagers quotidiens en période de pandémie de Covid-19
Authors: Briand Madrid L. , Donadille C. , Martin V. , Appel L. , Le Brun Gadelius M. , Mezaache S. , Roux P.
Published: December 2020

Résumé Contexte  : Les consommateurs de cannabis représentent une population hétérogène en constante augmentation. Même si le cannabis présente un pouvoir addictogène avec des effets néfastes pour la santé, cette substance est également connue pour ses effets thérapeutiques sur de nombreuses conditions et notamment sur la douleur et la dépendance à d’autres substances. Le confinement lié à l’épidémie de Covid-19 a provoqué dès l’annonce des réactions de la part des usagers et des associations de réduction des risques, préoccupés par les situations à risque (stress et sevrage). Dans ce contexte, une enquête a été proposée aux consommateurs quotidiens de cannabis afin d’étudier l’impact du confinement sur leurs usages et leur santé. Les objectifs spécifiques de cet article sont de décrire cette population de consommateurs quotidiens de cannabis, les évolutions d’usage avant et pendant le confinement et le lien avec certaines caractéristiques sociodémographiques, comportementales et sanitaires. Méthodes  : L’enquête a consisté en un questionnaire en ligne rempli pendant la période de confinement et diffusé sur différents sites fréquentés par les usagers de cannabis. Ce questionnaire était composé de 3 parties : profil sociodémographique, pratiques de consommation avant le confinement et pendant le confinement. Des données plus précises sur la santé des usagers ont été recueillies telles que les symptômes anxieux, dépressifs, la douleur et les troubles du sommeil. Résultats  : Au total, 4 279 questionnaires ont été remplis de manière complète. La population est essentiellement composée d’hommes (75 %), de jeunes (médiane à 27 ans), de personnes diplômées (84 % ont le baccalauréat) et vivant dans des grandes unités urbaines (62 %). L’étude de l’évolution de la consommation de cannabis avant et pendant le confinement permet de distinguer 4 profils : ceux qui ont arrêté (7 %), ceux qui ont diminué (28 %), ceux qui n’ont pas changé (29 %) et ceux qui ont augmenté (36 %). L’augmentation est plus fréquente chez les femmes, pour les personnes habitant dans des grandes villes et celles qui ont stocké du cannabis en prévision du confinement. L’arrêt est associé à un état de santé dégradé (anxiété, dépression, douleur et troubles du sommeil). Ceux qui ont maintenu une consommation stable pendant le confinement semblent avoir eu moins d’effets négatifs sur leur santé. Conclusion  : Notre enquête CANNAVID a permis de recruter un échantillon suffisamment important pour pouvoir décrire une partie de la population des consommateurs quotidiens de cannabis et les effets du confinement sur leurs usages et leur santé. Ces données préliminaires montrent que le confinement a provoqué des réactions et des effets qui ont été délétères surtout chez ceux qui ont arrêté ou augmenté leur consommation.
Consommation d’alcool et d’autres produits psychoactifs pendant la pandémie de Covid-19 dans la Global Drug Survey : une perspective française
Authors: Jauffret-Roustide Marie , Barratt Monica , de Dinechin Sébastien , Davies Emma , Gilchrist Gail , Hughes Caitlin , Maier Larissa , Ferris Jason , Winstock Adam
Published: December 2020

La Global Drug Survey est une enquête en ligne visant à étudier l’expérience des usagers de drogues en population générale, menée chaque année entre novembre et décembre. Ce volet spécial Covid-19 a été réalisé sur sept semaines, de mai à juin 2020. L’enquête avait comme objectif d’explorer de manière rétrospective l’impact du confinement et des premières semaines du déconfinement sur les consommations de produits psychoactifs en population générale. Les résultats de l’enquête mettent en évidence une augmentation du nombre de jours de consommation d’alcool, mais pas d’augmentation du binge drinking . Pour le cannabis, les usages sont restés relativement stables, même si une augmentation relative en comparaison aux autres pays est observée. Les usages d’ecstasy et de cocaïne ont baissé tout particulièrement. Enfin, les benzodiazépines ont vu leur usage augmenter. La Global Drug Survey note que la pandémie a modifié les usages de produits psychoactifs, sans qu’une augmentation des conduites dérégulées ne soit observée. Les usagers ont adapté leurs pratiques en fonction des modifications relatives à leur environnement de vie.
Les attentes professionnelles de salariés issus de territoires urbains français en difficulté : entre inclusion et exclusion professionnelles
Authors: Laïchour Hacène , Chanlat Jean-François
Published: December 2020

Cette recherche tente d’approfondir la question des attentes professionnelles de personnes issues de territoires urbains français en difficulté (la diversité de telles attentes, les profils de salariés se rattachant à chacune d’elles, et les difficultés sous-jacentes à la satisfaction de certaines). Sur le plan théorique, cette recherche s’appuie sur le concept de gestion de la diversité et sur un état des lieux de l’ intégration professionnelle des personnes issues de tels territoires ; empiriquement, elle repose sur des données issues de cinquante-trois entretiens semi-directifs conduits au sein de trois PME localisées en Seine-Saint-Denis, d’entretiens menés avec des acteurs associatifs et d’articles de presse. Nos allers et retours entre ces données et la littérature mobilisée nous ont amenés à distinguer six catégories d’attentes professionnelles auxquelles aspiraient les salariés interviewés. Elles concernent la justice sociale, le soutien professionnel, la diversité et/ou l’homogénéité culturelles, la reconnaissance de l’identité culturelle et ou statutaire, le soutien social et la reconnaissance professionnelle. La discussion de nos résultats permet d’apporter un éclairage aux questions soulevées, et propose des pistes visant à leurs approfondissements.
Prendre au sérieux la part active des Élèves dans la construction de la classe
Authors: Mamede Maíra , Rayou Patrick
Published: December 2020

La recherche dont des résultats sont présentés ici vise à contribuer au dialogue entre didactique et sociologie pour mieux comprendre comment les élèves participent à la construction (ou à la déconstruction) des situations d’enseignement-apprentissage. Fondée sur la méthode de comparaison continue de la théorie ancrée, elle met une quarantaine de collégiens en situation d’analyser les gestes professionnels de deux enseignants vidéoscopés lors de deux cours différents faits à une même classe. L’analyse du corpus montre chez les élèves l’existence de valeurs porteuses de convictions éducatives qui déclinées en régimes normatifs rendent, à leurs yeux, l’enseignement légitime et que nous appréhendons ici comme des idéaux-types. Confrontée aux exigences du contrat didactique, l’analyse fait apparaître, à grain plus fin, la manière dont les règles du métier enseignant sont perçues et jugées par les élèves en fonction de leur pertinence à construire un milieu, à occuper et donner la bonne place, à ménager dans l’avancement du cours le développement de chacun et de tous.
Une lecture systémique du rapport entre transgression et cadre thérapeutique
Authors: Frisina Maurizio
Published: December 2020

La transgression et le cadre sont souvent pensés dans une relation d’opposition au sein de laquelle l’affirmation de l’une n’est envisageable qu’au détriment de l’autre. Cet article propose une lecture systémique et constructiviste considérant la transgression comme une propriété émergente de la rencontre entre trois éléments : un comportement, un contexte et une rétroaction de la part du dispositif de soin. Cette vision récursive permet d’appréhender la transgression comme un moment spécifique du processus thérapeutique qui peut se révéler porteur de sens et doté d’une fonction. La présentation de trois cas illustre le passage de la théorie à la clinique.
IOL Power Calculation After Radial Keratotomy Using the Haigis and Barrett True-K Formulas
Authors: Leite de Pinho Tavares Renata , de Almeida Ferreira Gabriel , Ghanem Vinícius Coral , Ghanem Ramon Coral
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE:

To compare the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in patients with previous radial keratotomy using the Haigis and Barrett True-K formulas.

METHODS:

In a retrospective cases series of patients with previous radial keratotomy and minimum follow-up of 1.2 months, preoperative data from an IOLMaster 500 or 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG), the IOL power implanted, and the postoperative refraction were used to calculate the refractive prediction error. The primary outcomes were the mean absolute and arithmetic refractive prediction errors and the percentage of eyes with a refractive prediction error within ±0.50 and ±1.00 diopters (D).

RESULTS:

One hundred eight eyes were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 6.9 ± 4.9 months. The Haigis formula yielded a mean arithmetic refractive prediction error of −0.29 ± 1.00 D, which was significantly different than that of the Barrett True-K formula, which was −0.03 ± 0.96 D (
P
< .001). The mean absolute refractive prediction error was 0.80 ± 0.67 for the Haigis formula and 0.74 ± 0.60 for the Barrett True-K formula (
P
> .05). The percentages of eyes with a refractive prediction error within ±0.50 and ±1.00 D were 43.5% and 65.7% for the Haigis formula and 42.6% and 75.9% for the Barrett True-K formula, respectively (all
P
> .05). The subgroup analysis revealed that for flat corneas (K1 < 38.00 D), the Barrett True-K formula resulted in more hyperopic results than the Haigis formula.

CONCLUSIONS:

The Barrett True-K formula exhibited better arithmetic predictability than the Haigis formula; however, it showed a tendency for hyperopic results in very flat corneas.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(12):832–837.]
Multivalued weakly Picard operators via simulation functions with application to functional equations
Authors: Hussain Azhar ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan, Yaqoob Saman , Abdeljawad Thabet , Rehman Habib Ur ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Gujrat, Sub-Campus Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan,   Department of Mathematics and General Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,   Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Taiwan, Taichung, Taiwan,   Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan,   Department of Mathematics, King Mongkut University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of Suzuki type multivalued contraction with simulation functions and then to set up some new fixed point and data dependence results for these type of contraction mappings. We produce an example to support our results. Moreover, we present an application to functional equation arising in dynamical system.
A polynomial local optimality condition for the concave piecewise linear network flow problem
Authors: Nie Zhibin ,   Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China, Wang Shuning , Huang Xiaolin ,   School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
Published: December 2020

This paper studies the local optimality condition for the widely applied concave piecewise linear network flow problem (CPLNFP). Traditionally, for CPLNFP the complexity of checking the local optimality condition is exponentially related to the number of active arcs (i.e., arcs in which the flow is at the breakpoints). When the scale of CPLNFP is large, even local optimality is unverifiable and the corresponding local algorithms are inefficient. To overcome this shortcoming, a new local optimality condition is given. This new condition is based on the concavity and piecewise linearity of the cost function and makes full use of the network structure. It is proven that the complexity of the new condition is polynomial. Therefore, using the new condition to verify the local optimality is far superior to using the traditional condition, especially when there are many active arcs.
Med uniformnim in edinstvenim
Authors: Košak Tina
Published: December 2020

Članek obravnava najobsežnejši ohranjeni sklop upodobitev dobrotnikov iz slovenskih samostanov, tj. portrete dobrotnikov in deželnih knezov iz cistercijanskega samostana Stična. Osredotoča se na tipologijo, pomen in slogovne značilnosti z ozirom na sorodne ohranjene cikle iz (notranje)avstrijskih samostanov in z ozirom na njihove likovne in pisne vire. Celopostavni portretni upodobitvi vojvode Leopolda III. in njegove soproge Viride (Narodna galerija, Slovenija), doslej pripisani Ferdinandu Stainerju, razkrivata izrazite sorodnosti s serijo šestih celopostavnih upodobitev dobrotnikov cistercijanskega samostana Vetrinj Ferdinanda Fromillerja. Atribucijo Fromillerju omogoča tudi Fromillerjeva risba dobrotnika, identičnega Leopoldu III., v Koroškem deželnem arhivu. Tudi primerjalna analiza desetih ovalnih portretov stiških dobrotnikov in deželnih knezov omogoča tezo, da so dela nastala v Fromillerjevi delavnici. Portreti so nastali v naslonu na ilustracije v knjigah portretov, kot vir napisov na spodnjem delu ovalov pa je bila identificirana leta 1719 dokončana Idiographia Pavla Puclja.
Ivory and Stone: Direct Connections between Sculptural Media along the Coast of Sierra Leone, 15th–16th Centuries
Authors: Lamp Frederick John
Published: December 2020

Depuis la découverte de sculptures anciennes en pierre en Sierra Leone, et l’attribution d’œuvres en ivoire au sein des collections européennes aux Sapi, peuples anciens de Sierra Leone, la question de leurs relations est posée. Où étaient les ateliers des tailleurs sur ivoire et les ateliers des tailleurs sur pierre ; étaient-ils les mêmes ? Quelques exemples ont un contenu identique. Les motifs suggèrent que les sculptures en ivoire destinées aux Portugais traduisaient ceux de la culture et la philosophie sapi, et, peut-être même copiaient directement la tradition locale sur pierre. Quelques autres exemples suggèrent l’adoption dans la sculpture en pierre de motifs portugais présents sur des objets en ivoire. Des similitudes stylistiques peuvent se manifester dans les caractéristiques schématiques des physionomies et des gestes et de la posture. Les artistes chargés de sculpter l’ivoire pour les Portugais auraient été des artistes déjà hautement reconnus dans leur propre communauté et sculptant pour leur propre société.
L’ivoire et la pierre : relations directes entre les productions sculptées dans ces matériaux sur la côte de Sierra Leone aux XVe-XVIe siècles
Authors: Lamp Frederick John
Published: December 2020

Depuis la découverte de sculptures anciennes en pierre en Sierra Leone, et l’attribution d’œuvres en ivoire au sein des collections européennes aux Sapi, peuples anciens de Sierra Leone, la question de leurs relations est posée. Où étaient les ateliers des tailleurs sur ivoire et les ateliers des tailleurs sur pierre ; étaient-ils les mêmes ? Quelques exemples ont un contenu identique. Les motifs suggèrent que les sculptures en ivoire destinées aux Portugais traduisaient ceux de la culture et la philosophie sapi, et, peut-être même copiaient directement la tradition locale sur pierre. Quelques autres exemples suggèrent l’adoption dans la sculpture en pierre de motifs portugais présents sur des objets en ivoire. Des similitudes stylistiques peuvent se manifester dans les caractéristiques schématiques des physionomies et des gestes et de la posture. Les artistes chargés de sculpter l’ivoire pour les Portugais auraient été des artistes déjà hautement reconnus dans leur propre communauté et sculptant pour leur propre société.
Recherches archéologiques à Tié (Kanem, Tchad) : fouilles du monticule 1
Authors: Magnavita Carlos , Bouimon Tchago
Published: December 2020

Contrairement aux recherches sur son histoire, les recherches archéologiques dans la région tchadienne du Kanem n’ont commencé que très récemment. À l’heure actuelle, les vestiges matériels les plus remarquables sont les ruines de sites en briques cuites destinés aux élites, dont certains sont manifestement associés au sultanat du Kanem-Borno et sont datés de la période du xie au xive siècle de notre ère. Parmi ceux-ci, le lieu nommé Tié se distingue par un certain nombre d’attributs particuliers. Composé d’une enceinte en briques cuites d’environ 3,2 hectares, l’emplacement occupe non seulement la position centrale au sein d’un groupe compact de onze sites plus petits dans le centre du Kanem mais c’est apparemment aussi le plus grand emplacement connu construit uniquement avec des briques cuites. En outre, le lieu possède certaines caractéristiques propres à l’occupation qui ne sont visibles sur aucun des autres sites étudiés à ce jour par les auteurs. Le monticule 1 présente de telles caractéristiques ; c’est le monticule le plus au sud de deux grands monticules de débris du secteur nord-est du site. Des fouilles archéologiques récentes révèlent que le monticule 1 cache les restes d’un énorme bâtiment de plusieurs pièces, en briques cuites, relativement bien conservé, aux murs intérieurs plâtrés. La structure a été érigée au plus tard entre le milieu du xiie et le milieu du xiiie siècle de notre ère et était encore utilisée entre le début du xive et le début du xve siècle. Bien que sa fonction reste floue et sujette à interprétation, la découverte confirme le statut particulier de Tié par rapport aux autres sites en briques cuites destinés aux élites dans la région.