bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in heavy alkaline earth chemistry provide insight into complexation of weakly polarizing Ra
2+
, Ba
2+
, and Sr
2+
cations
Authors: Gilhula J. Connor , Xu Lei , White Frankie D. , Adelman Sara L. , Aldrich Kelly E. , Batista Enrique R. , Dan David , Jones Zachary R. , Kozimor Stosh A. , Mason Harris E. , Meyer Rachel L. , Thiele Nikki A. , Yang Ping , Yuan Mingbin
Published: January 2024

Numerous technologies—with catalytic, therapeutic, and diagnostic applications—would benefit from improved chelation strategies for heavy alkaline earth elements: Ra
2+
, Ba
2+
, and Sr
2+
. Unfortunately, chelating these metals is challenging because of their large size and weak polarizing power. We found 18-crown-6-tetracarboxylic acid (
H

4

COCO
) bound Ra
2+
, Ba
2+
, and Sr
2+
to form
M(H

x

COCO)

x
–2

. Upon isolating radioactive
223
Ra from its parent radionuclides (
227
Ac and
227
Th),
223
Ra
2+
reacted with the fully deprotonated
COCO

4−

chelator to generate
Ra(COCO)

2−

(
aq
)

(log
K

Ra(COCO)2−

= 5.97 ± 0.01), a rare example of a molecular radium complex. Comparative analyses with Sr
2+
and Ba
2+
congeners informed on what attributes engendered success in heavy alkaline earth complexation. Chelators with high negative charge [−4 for
Ra(COCO)

2−

(
aq
)

] and many donor atoms [≥11 in
Ra(COCO)

2−

(
aq
)

] provided a framework for stable complex formation. These conditions achieved steric saturation and overcame the weak polarization powers associated with these large dicationic metals.
Metabolic diversity of human macrophages: potential influence on
Staphylococcus aureus
intracellular survival
Authors: Bertrand Blake P. , Shinde Dhananjay , Thomas Vinai C. , Whiteley Marvin , Ibberson Carolyn B. , Kielian Tammy
Published: January 2024

Staphylococcus aureus
is a leading cause of medical device-associated biofilm infections. This is influenced by the ability of
S. aureus
biofilm to evade the host immune response, which is partially driven by the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Here, we show that treatment of human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) with IL-10 enhanced biofilm formation, suggesting that macrophage anti-inflammatory programming likely plays an important role during the transition from planktonic to biofilm growth. To identify
S. aureus
genes that were important for intracellular survival in HMDMs and how this was affected by IL-10, transposon sequencing was performed. The size of the
S. aureus
essential genome was similar between unstimulated HMDMs and the outgrowth control (18.5% vs 18.4%, respectively, with 54.4% overlap) but increased to 22.5% in IL-10-treated macrophages, suggesting that macrophage polarization status exerts differential pressure on
S. aureus
. Essential genes for
S. aureus
survival within IL-10-polarized HMDMs were dominated by negative regulatory pathways, including nitrogen and RNA metabolism, whereas
S. aureus
essential genes within untreated HMDMs were enriched in biosynthetic pathways such as purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis. To explore how IL-10 altered the macrophage intracellular metabolome, targeted metabolomics was performed on HMDMs from six individual donors. IL-10 treatment led to conserved alterations in distinct metabolites that were increased (dihydroxyacetone phosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, and acetyl-CoA) or reduced (fructose-6-phosphate, aspartic acid, and ornithine) across donors, whereas other metabolites were variable. Collectively, these findings highlight an important aspect of population-level heterogeneity in human macrophage responsiveness that should be considered when translating results to a patient population.

IMPORTANCE

One mechanism that
Staphylococcus aureus
biofilm elicits in the host to facilitate infection persistence is the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Here, we show that exposure of human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) to IL-10 promotes
S. aureus
biofilm formation and programs intracellular bacteria to favor catabolic pathways. Examination of intracellular metabolites in HMDMs revealed heterogeneity between donors that may explain the observed variability in essential genes for
S. aureus
survival based on nutrient availability for bacteria within the intracellular compartment. Collectively, these studies provide novel insights into how IL-10 polarization affects
S. aureus
intracellular survival in HMDMs and the importance of considering macrophage heterogeneity between human donors as a variable when examining effector mechanisms.
Fungal biodeterioration and preservation of cultural heritage, artwork, and historical artifacts: extremophily and adaptation
Authors: Gadd Geoffrey Michael , Fomina Marina , Pinzari Flavia
Published: January 2024

Fungi are ubiquitous and important biosphere inhabitants, and their abilities to decompose, degrade, and otherwise transform a massive range of organic and inorganic substances, including plant organic matter, rocks, and minerals, underpin their major significance as biodeteriogens in the built environment and of cultural heritage. Fungi are often the most obvious agents of cultural heritage biodeterioration with effects ranging from discoloration, staining, and biofouling to destruction of building components, historical artifacts, and artwork. Sporulation, morphological adaptations, and the explorative penetrative lifestyle of filamentous fungi enable efficient dispersal and colonization of solid substrates, while many species are able to withstand environmental stress factors such as desiccation, ultra-violet radiation, salinity, and potentially toxic organic and inorganic substances. Many can grow under nutrient-limited conditions, and many produce resistant cell forms that can survive through long periods of adverse conditions. The fungal lifestyle and chemoorganotrophic metabolism therefore enable adaptation and success in the frequently encountered extremophilic conditions that are associated with indoor and outdoor cultural heritage. Apart from free-living fungi, lichens are a fungal growth form and ubiquitous pioneer colonizers and biodeteriogens of outdoor materials, especially stone- and mineral-based building components. This article surveys the roles and significance of fungi in the biodeterioration of cultural heritage, with reference to the mechanisms involved and in relation to the range of substances encountered, as well as the methods by which fungal biodeterioration can be assessed and combated, and how certain fungal processes may be utilized in bioprotection.
Potential anti-
Pythium insidiosum
therapeutics identified through screening of agricultural fungicides
Authors: Yolanda Hanna , Jearawuttanakul Kedchin , Wannalo Warawuth , Kanjanasirirat Phongthon , Borwornpinyo Suparerk , Rujirawat Thidarat , Payattikul Penpan , Kittichotirat Weerayuth , Wichadakul Duangdao , Krajaejun Theerapong
Published: January 2024

Pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by the oomycete
Pythium insidiosum
. Clinical manifestations of pythiosis include an eye, blood vessel, skin, or gastrointestinal tract infection. Pythiosis has been increasingly reported worldwide, with an overall mortality rate of 28%. Radical surgery is required to save patients’ lives due to the limited efficacy of antimicrobial drugs. Effective medical treatments are urgently needed for pythiosis. This study aims to find anti-
P
.
insidiosum
agents by screening 17 agricultural fungicides that inhibit plant-pathogenic oomycetes and validating their efficacy and safety. Cyazofamid outperformed other fungicides as it can potently inhibit genetically diverse
P. insidiosum
isolates while exhibiting minimal cellular toxicities. The calculated therapeutic scores determined that the concentration of cyazofamid causing significant cellular toxicities was eight times greater than the concentration of the drug effectively inhibiting
P. insidiosum
. Furthermore, other studies showed that cyazofamid exhibits low-to-moderate toxicities in animals. The mechanism of cyazofamid action is likely the inhibition of cytochrome
b
, an essential component in ATP synthesis. Molecular docking and dynamic analyses depicted a stable binding of cyazofamid to the Qi site of the
P. insidiosum
’s cytochrome
b
orthologous protein. In conclusion, our search for an effective anti-
P
.
insidiosum
drug indicated that cyazofamid is a promising candidate for treating pythiosis. With its high efficacy and low toxicity, cyazofamid is a potential chemical for treating pythiosis, reducing the need for radical surgeries, and improving recovery rates. Our findings could pave the way for the development of new and effective treatments for pythiosis.

IMPORTANCE

Pythiosis is a severe infection caused by
Pythium insidiosum
. The disease is prevalent in tropical/subtropical regions. This infectious condition is challenging to treat with antifungal drugs and often requires surgical removal of the infected tissue. Pythiosis can be fatal if not treated promptly. There is a need for a new treatment that effectively inhibits
P. insidiosum
. This study screened 17 agricultural fungicides that target plant-pathogenic oomycetes and found that cyazofamid was the most potent in inhibiting
P. insidiosum
. Cyazofamid showed low toxicity to mammalian cells and high affinity to the
P. insidiosum’s
cytochrome
b
, which is involved in energy production. Cyazofamid could be a promising candidate for the treatment of pythiosis, as it could reduce the need for surgery and improve the survival rate of patients. This study provides valuable insights into the biology and drug susceptibility of
P. insidiosum
and opens new avenues for developing effective therapies for pythiosis.
Phylogenomics analysis of velvet regulators in the fungal kingdom
Authors: Chen Wanping , Son Ye-Eun , Cho He-Jin , Choi Dasol , Park Hee-Soo , Yu Jae-Hyuk
Published: January 2024

All life forms have evolved to respond appropriately to various environmental and internal cues. In the animal kingdom, the prototypical regulator class of such cellular responses is the Rel homology domain proteins including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Fungi, the close relatives of animals, have also evolved with their own NF-κB-like regulators called velvet family proteins to govern cellular and chemical development. Here, we conducted a detailed investigation of the taxonomic broad presence of velvet proteins. We observed that velvet proteins are widely distributed in the fungal kingdom. Moreover, we have identified and characterized 21 major velvet clades in fungi. We have further revealed that the highly conserved velvet domain is composed of three distinct motifs and acts as an evolutionarily independent domain, which can be shuffled with various functional domains. Such rearrangements of the velvet domain have resulted in the functional and type diversity of the present velvet regulators. Importantly, our in-deep analyses of the primary and 3D structures of the various velvet domains showed that the fungal velvet domains can be divided into two major clans: the VelB and the VosA clans. The 3D structure comparisons revealed a close similarity of the velvet domain with many other eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins, including those of the Rel, Runt, and signal transducer and activator of transcription families, sharing a common β-sandwich fold. Altogether, this study improves our understanding of velvet regulators in the fungal kingdom.

IMPORTANCE

Fungi are the relatives of animals in Opisthokonta and closely associated with human life by interactive ways such as pathogenicity, food, and secondary metabolites including beneficial ones like penicillin and harmful ones like the carcinogenic aflatoxins. Similar to animals, fungi have also evolved with NF-κB-like velvet family regulators. The velvet proteins constitute a large protein family of fungal transcription factors sharing a common velvet domain and play a key role in coordinating fungal secondary metabolism, developmental and differentiation processes. Our current understanding on velvet regulators is mostly from Ascomycota fungi; however, they remain largely unknown outside Ascomycota. Therefore, this study performed a taxonomic broad investigation of velvet proteins across the fungal kingdom and conducted a detailed analysis on velvet distribution, structure, diversity, and evolution. The results provide a holistic view of velvet regulatory system in the fungal kingdom.
On the fermionic couplings of axionic dark matter
Authors: Smith Christopher
Published: January 2024

In the non-relativistic limit, two types of dark matter axion interactions with fermions are thought to dominate: one is induced by the spatial gradient of the axion field and called the axion wind, and the other by the time-derivative of the axion field, generating axioelectric effects. By generalizing Schiff theorem, it is demonstrated that this latter operator is actually strongly screened. For a neutral fermion, it can be entirely rotated away and is unobservable. For charged fermions, the only effect that can peek through the screening is an axion-induced electric dipole moment (EDM). These EDMs are not related to the axion coupling to gluons, represent a prediction of the Dirac theory analogous to the $$g=2$$

g
=
2

magnetic moments, are not further screened by the original Schiff theorem, and are ultimately responsible for inducing the usual axioelectric ionization. The two main phenomenological consequences are then that first the axion-induced nucleon EDM could be significantly larger than expected from the axion gluonic coupling, and second, that the electron EDM could also become available, and could actually be highly sensitive to relic axions.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP BY NECESSITY AND OPPORTUNITY IN THE MEXICAN STATES DURING THE COVID-19 CRISIS
Authors: FUENTES ROBERTO , LAGARDA ALEJANDRO MUNGARAY , ANAYA YADIRA ZULITH
Published: January 2024

The sanitary measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant effect on the labor market, particularly in terms of entrepreneurship. To analyze this effect, a random-effects data panel was used, including observations for the 32 states of the Mexican Republic, covering the period from the second quarter of 2016 to the third quarter of 2021. As the effect is necessarily differentiated, the variable to be explained is the change in the number of employers and self-employed because the first group could be argued to approximate entrepreneurship by opportunity, and the second, entrepreneurship by necessity. Both groups are explained by variables of the state such as economic activity, access to financial products and whether COVID had any effect on the change in the types of entrepreneurship. The main conclusion is that the crisis generated by the pandemic had a positive effect on entrepreneurship out of necessity (NEC) but was not significant when it came to those called by opportunity (OPP). Public and private interventions are proposed to take advantage of and strengthen this new wave of entrepreneurship.
BUILDING SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURIAL SELF-EFFICACY IN AN EMERGING ECONOMY: THE ROLE OF EDUCATION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: VIRGOSITA RISA , PARAMITA WIDYA , ROSTIANI ROKHIMA
Published: January 2024

With the increasing number of social problems for which governments do not have solutions, especially in emerging economies, there have been ever louder calls for establishing social enterprises that will help address these problems. Social entrepreneurial intention increases when individuals have a high level of social entrepreneurial self-efficacy (SESE). The literature suggests that SESE is domain-specific and can be enhanced only through education and experience related to social entrepreneurship. Building upon the social cognitive theory, this study argues that SESE can be improved through general factors such as education level and entrepreneurial experience. Through an online survey involving 241 general individuals, this study finds support for the social cognitive theory, which states that educational level increases SESE and subsequently increases social entrepreneurial intention. This relationship is substantiated for individuals who have prior entrepreneurial experience but not for individuals with no entrepreneurial experience. The results of this study highlight the importance of education in promoting social entrepreneurial intention. In addition, the curricula at all educational levels should encourage students to gain entrepreneurial experience such as by developing business projects or initiating a business.
Offscraping and shallow ophiolite accretion in the Ligurian Accretionary Wedge (Tuscan Apennines): role of seafloor structural inheritance
Authors: Nirta Giuseppe , Remitti Francesca , Barbero Edoardo , Festa Andrea
Published: January 2024

The Morello Tectonic Unit in the Tuscan Apennines (Italy) represents the result of tectonosedimentary deformation, occurring in the frontal part of the non-metamorphosed Ligurian Accretionary Wedge, which consists of ophiolitic slices imbricated with a sedimentary succession containing ophiolite-bearing sedimentary mélanges. Geological mapping and structural and stratigraphic observations allow us to document that (1) the ophiolite-bearing sedimentary mélanges formed by gravitational reworking of material sourced from intrabasinal structural highs facing the oceanic basin environment from the Jurassic to early Eocene, before the middle Eocene accretion stage, and (2) the ophiolitic tectonic slices represent the scraping off at shallow structural levels of part of this sequence of crustal oceanic highs. The final internal architecture of the shallow frontal portion of the Ligurian Accretionary Wedge does not differ from those observed in metamorphosed orogenic belts and exhumed accretionary complexes throughout the world (e.g. blueschist and eclogite units of the Western Alps). This suggests that to the classical model of subduction and metamorphism followed by accretion and mélange formation (i.e. underplating), a model in which frontal accretion and ophiolite mélange formation at a shallow level are followed by underthrusting and subduction can be added, providing additional constraints for a better reconstruction of the evolution of orogenic belts and accretionary complexes.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Ophiolites, melanges and blueschists collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/ophiolites-melanges-and-blueschists
Decalf: A Directed, Effectful Cost-Aware Logical Framework
Authors: Grodin Harrison , Niu Yue , Sterling Jonathan , Harper Robert
Published: January 2024

We present
decalf
, a
d
irected,
e
ffectful
c
ost-
a
ware
l
ogical
f
ramework for studying quantitative aspects of functional programs with effects. Like
calf
, the language is based on a formal
phase distinction
between the
extension
and the
intension
of a program, its pure
behavior
as distinct from its
cost
measured by an effectful step-counting primitive. The type theory ensures that the behavior is unaffected by the cost accounting. Unlike
calf
, the present language takes account of
effects
, such as probabilistic choice and mutable state. This extension requires a reformulation of
calf
’s approach to cost accounting: rather than rely on a ”separable” notion of cost, here
a cost bound is simply another program
. To make this formal, we equip every type with an intrinsic preorder, relaxing the precise cost accounting intrinsic to a program to a looser but nevertheless informative estimate. For example, the cost bound of a probabilistic program is itself a probabilistic program that specifies the distribution of costs. This approach serves as a streamlined alternative to the standard method of isolating a cost recurrence and readily extends to higher-order, effectful programs.

The development proceeds by first introducing the
decalf
type system, which is based on an intrinsic ordering among terms that restricts in the extensional phase to extensional equality, but in the intensional phase reflects an approximation of the cost of a program of interest. This formulation is then applied to a number of illustrative examples, including pure and effectful sorting algorithms, simple probabilistic programs, and higher-order functions. Finally, we justify
decalf
via a model in the topos of augmented simplicial sets.
With a Few Square Roots, Quantum Computing Is as Easy as Pi
Authors: Carette Jacques , Heunen Chris , Kaarsgaard Robin , Sabry Amr
Published: January 2024

Rig groupoids provide a semantic model of Π, a universal classical reversible programming language over finite types. We prove that extending rig groupoids with just two maps and three equations about them results in a model of quantum computing that is computationally universal and equationally sound and complete for a variety of gate sets. The first map corresponds to an 8th root of the identity morphism on the unit 1. The second map corresponds to a square root of the symmetry on 1+1. As square roots are generally not unique and can sometimes even be trivial, the maps are constrained to satisfy a nondegeneracy axiom, which we relate to the Euler decomposition of the Hadamard gate. The semantic construction is turned into an extension of Π, called √Π, that is a computationally universal quantum programming language equipped with an equational theory that is sound and complete with respect to the Clifford gate set, the standard gate set of Clifford+T restricted to ≤2 qubits, and the computationally universal Gaussian Clifford+T gate set.
Solvable Polynomial Ideals: The Ideal Reflection for Program Analysis
Authors: Cyphert John , Kincaid Zachary
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a program analysis method that generates program summaries involving polynomial arithmetic. Our approach builds on prior techniques that use solvable polynomial maps for summarizing loops. These techniques are able to generate all polynomial invariants for a restricted class of programs, but cannot be applied to programs outside of this class---for instance, programs with nested loops, conditional branching, unstructured control flow, etc. There currently lacks approaches to apply these prior methods to the case of general programs. This paper bridges that gap. Instead of restricting the kinds of programs we can handle, our method abstracts every loop into a model that can be solved with prior techniques, bringing to bear prior work on solvable polynomial maps to general programs. While no method can generate all polynomial invariants for arbitrary programs, our method establishes its merit through a monotonicty result. We have implemented our techniques, and tested them on a suite of benchmarks from the literature. Our experiments indicate our techniques show promise on challenging verification tasks requiring non-linear reasoning.
Semantic Code Refactoring for Abstract Data Types
Authors: Pailoor Shankara , Wang Yuepeng , Dillig Işıl
Published: January 2024

Modifications to the data representation of an abstract data type (ADT) can require significant semantic refactoring of the code. Motivated by this observation, this paper presents a new method to automate semantic code refactoring tasks. Our method takes as input the original ADT implementation, a new data representation, and a so-called
relational representation invariant
(relating the old and new data representations), and automatically generates a new ADT implementation that is semantically equivalent to the original version. Our method is based on counterexample-guided inductive synthesis (CEGIS) but leverages three key ideas that allow it to handle real-world refactoring tasks. First, our approach reduces the underlying relational synthesis problem to a set of (simpler) programming-by-example problems, one for each method in the ADT. Second, it leverages symbolic reasoning techniques, based on logical abduction, to deduce code snippets that should occur in the refactored version. Finally, it utilizes a notion of
partial equivalence
to make inductive synthesis much more effective in this setting. We have implemented the proposed approach in a new tool called Revamp ‍ for automatically refactoring Java classes and evaluated it on 30 Java class mined from Github. Our evaluation shows that Revamp can correctly refactor the entire ADT in 97% of the cases and that it can successfully re-implement 144 out of the 146 methods that require modifications.
On Learning Polynomial Recursive Programs
Authors: Buna-Marginean Alex , Cheval Vincent , Shirmohammadi Mahsa , Worrell James
Published: January 2024

We introduce the class of P-finite automata. These are a generalisation of weighted automata, in which the weights of transitions can depend polynomially on the length of the input word. P-finite automata can also be viewed as simple tail-recursive programs in which the arguments of recursive calls can non-linearly refer to a variable that counts the number of recursive calls. The nomenclature is motivated by the fact that over a unary alphabet P-finite automata compute so-called P-finite sequences, that is, sequences that satisfy a linear recurrence with polynomial coefficients. Our main result shows that P-finite automata can be learned in polynomial time in Angluin's MAT exact learning model. This generalises the classical results that deterministic finite automata and weighted automata over a field are respectively polynomial-time learnable in the MAT model.
Deadlock-Free Separation Logic: Linearity Yields Progress for Dependent Higher-Order Message Passing
Authors: Jacobs Jules , Hinrichsen Jonas Kastberg , Krebbers Robbert
Published: January 2024

We introduce a linear concurrent separation logic, called
LinearActris
, designed to guarantee deadlock and leak freedom for message-passing concurrency. LinearActris combines the strengths of session types and concurrent separation logic, allowing for the verification of challenging higher-order programs with mutable state through dependent protocols. The key challenge is to prove the adequacy theorem of LinearActris, which says that the logic indeed gives deadlock and leak freedom “for free” from linearity. We prove this theorem by defining a step-indexed model of separation logic, based on
connectivity graphs
. To demonstrate the expressive power of LinearActris, we prove soundness of a higher-order (GV-style) session type system using the technique of logical relations. All our results and examples have been mechanized in Coq.
Mechanizing Refinement Types
Authors: Borkowski Michael H. , Vazou Niki , Jhala Ranjit
Published: January 2024

Practical checkers based on refinement types use the combination of implicit semantic subtyping and parametric polymorphism to simplify the specification and automate the verification of sophisticated properties of programs. However, a formal metatheoretic accounting of the
soundness
of refinement type systems using this combination has proved elusive. We present λ

RF

, a core refinement calculus that combines semantic subtyping and parametric polymorphism. We develop a metatheory for this calculus and prove soundness of the type system. Finally, we give two mechanizations of our metatheory. First, we introduce
data propositions
, a novel feature that enables encoding derivation trees for inductively defined judgments as refined data types, and use them to show that LiquidHaskell’s refinement types can be used
for
mechanization. Second, we mechanize our results in Coq, which comes with stronger soundness guarantees than LiquidHaskell, thereby laying the foundations for mechanizing the metatheory
of
LiquidHaskell.
Generating Well-Typed Terms That Are Not “Useless”
Authors: Frank Justin , Quiring Benjamin , Lampropoulos Leonidas
Published: January 2024

Random generation of well-typed terms lies at the core of effective
random testing of compilers for functional languages.
Existing techniques have had success following a top-down
type-oriented approach to generation that makes choices locally, which
suffers from an inherent limitation: the type of an expression is
often generated independently from the expression itself.
Such generation frequently yields functions with argument types that cannot
be used to produce a result in a meaningful way, leaving those
arguments unused.
Such "use-less" functions can hinder both performance, as the
argument generation code is dead but still needs to be compiled, and
effectiveness, as a lot of interesting optimizations are tested less
frequently.

In this paper, we introduce a novel algorithm that is significantly
more effective at generating functions that use their arguments.
We formalize both the "local" and the "nonlocal" algorithms as
step-relations in an extension of the simply-typed lambda calculus
with type and arguments holes, showing how delaying the generation of
types for subexpressions by allowing nonlocal generation steps leads
to "useful" functions.
Shoggoth: A Formal Foundation for Strategic Rewriting
Authors: Qin Xueying , O’Connor Liam , van Glabbeek Rob , Höfner Peter , Kammar Ohad , Steuwer Michel
Published: January 2024

Rewriting is a versatile and powerful technique used in many domains.
Strategic rewriting
allows programmers to control the application of rewrite rules by composing individual rewrite rules into complex rewrite strategies. These strategies are semantically complex, as they may be nondeterministic, they may raise errors that trigger backtracking, and they may not terminate.

Given such semantic complexity, it is necessary to establish a formal understanding of rewrite strategies and to enable reasoning about them in order to answer questions like: How do we know that a rewrite strategy terminates? How do we know that a rewrite strategy does not fail because we compose two incompatible rewrites? How do we know that a desired property holds after applying a rewrite strategy?

In this paper, we introduce Shoggoth: a formal foundation for understanding, analysing and reasoning about strategic rewriting that is capable of answering these questions. We provide a denotational semantics of System S, a core language for strategic rewriting, and prove its equivalence to our big-step operational semantics, which extends existing work by explicitly accounting for divergence. We further define a
location-based weakest precondition calculus
to enable formal reasoning about rewriting strategies, and we prove this calculus sound with respect to the denotational semantics. We show how this calculus can be used in practice to reason about properties of rewriting strategies, including termination, that they are well-composed, and that desired postconditions hold. The semantics and calculus are formalised in Isabelle/HOL and all proofs are mechanised.
Two-stream Multi-level Dynamic Point Transformer for Two-person Interaction Recognition
Authors: Liu Yao , Cui Gangfeng , Luo Jiahui , Chang Xiaojun , Yao Lina
Published: January 2024

As a fundamental aspect of human life, two-person interactions contain meaningful information about people’s activities, relationships, and social settings. Human action recognition serves as the foundation for many smart applications, with a strong focus on personal privacy. However, recognizing two-person interactions poses more challenges due to increased body occlusion and overlap compared to single-person actions. In this article, we propose a point cloud-based network named Two-stream Multi-level Dynamic Point Transformer for two-person interaction recognition. Our model addresses the challenge of recognizing two-person interactions by incorporating local-region spatial information, appearance information, and motion information. To achieve this, we introduce a designed frame selection method named Interval Frame Sampling (IFS), which efficiently samples frames from videos, capturing more discriminative information in a relatively short processing time. Subsequently, a frame features learning module and a two-stream multi-level feature aggregation module extract global and partial features from the sampled frames, effectively representing the local-region spatial information, appearance information, and motion information related to the interactions. Finally, we apply a transformer to perform self-attention on the learned features for the final classification. Extensive experiments are conducted on two large-scale datasets, the interaction subsets of NTU RGB+D 60 and NTU RGB+D 120. The results show that our network outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in most standard evaluation settings.
Privacy-preserving Multi-source Cross-domain Recommendation Based on Knowledge Graph
Authors: Liu Jing , Shang Litao , Su Yuting , Nie Weizhi , Wen Xin , Liu Anan
Published: January 2024

The cross-domain recommender systems aim to alleviate the data sparsity problem in the target domain by transferring knowledge from the auxiliary domain. However, existing works ignore the fact that the data sparsity problem may also exist in the single auxiliary domain, and sharing user behavior data is restricted by the privacy policy. In addition, their cross-domain models lack interpretability. To address these concerns, we propose a novel multi-source cross-domain model based on knowledge graph. Specifically, to avoid the insufficiency of single auxiliary domain, we construct a knowledge graph comprehensively leveraging items from multiple auxiliary domains. To avoid the leakage of user privacy when user information is transferred to multiple domains, we construct graph for information transfer between items to effectively avoid the propagation of users’ private information between different domains. We implicitly integrate the user–item interaction by transferring the learned item embeddings. To improve the interpretability of cross-domain knowledge transfer, we propose a knowledge graph-based retrieval and fusion method to transfer knowledge derived from multiple auxiliary domains. An attention-based fusion network is designed to enhance the representation of the targeted user and items with the transferred item embedding. We perform extensive experiments on three real-world datasets, demonstrating that our model outperforms the states of the art.
ACM SIGMETRICS 2023 Student Research Competition
Authors: Alouf Sara , Tay Y.C.
Published: January 2024

Every year, the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) spearheads a series of Student Research Competitions (SRCs) at ACM-sponsored or co-sponsored conferences. These SRCs provide graduate (Masters or PhD program) and undergraduate students an opportunity to present their original research to a panel of judges. Participating students present posters and oral presentations of their research for the opportunity to win cash prizes. In each category (graduate and undergraduate), the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place winners receive prizes of 500, 300, and 200, respectively. Additionally, first place undergraduate and graduate student winners from the SRCs held during the year are invited to present their work at the SRC Grand Finals, where a different panel of judges evaluates these winners against each other.
An Energy-efficient Wireless Sensor Network Applied to Greenhouse Cultivation
Authors: Pereira de Souza Beatriz , Nunes de Miranda Marcio , Maltar Castello Branco Luiz
Published: January 2024

Wireless sensors have already been used for a long time in military, health, and agricultural environments [6]. Despite the advances in precision agriculture, wireless sensor networks remain a distant reality for small farmers, mainly greenhouse farmers, in developing nations. Fungi and bacteria cause damage to the cultures and tend to spread quickly, limiting its production. Therefore, their early detection is essential for the food production market.
Effect of Sm Addition on the Electrochemical Behavior and Discharge Performance of Mg-1Sn-1Ca-0.3Mn Alloy as Mg-Air Battery Anodes
Authors: Le Taihe , Mao Pingli , Hu Wenyi , Le Qichi
Published: January 2024

Sm element is a relatively inexpensive rare Earth element. The effect of Sm content on the microstructure, electrochemical behavior and discharge performance of Mg-1Sn-1Ca-0.3Mn (TX11) alloy was investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemistry workstation and Mg-air battery tests. Results reveal the addition of Sm does not change second-phase morphology of TX11 alloy, CaMgSn and Mg2Ca phases solidly dissolves Sm elements. The electrochemistry results depict that Sm addition deteriorates the corrosion resistance and electrochemical activity of TX11 alloy, which is attributed to Sm solid solution changing the original second phase properties. In addition, Mg-1Sn-1Ca-0.5Sm-0.3Mn anode presents the highest anodic efficiency and specific capacity among Mg-1Sn-1Ca-xSm-0.3Mn (x = 0. 0.5, 1, 2 wt%) alloys, those value is 60.2% and 1306.801 mA h g−1, respectively, which attribute to the highest dissolution activity and the smoother discharge surface morphology. Micro-Sm alloyed is beneficial for improving the anodic efficiency of TX11 anode.
Rapid and Precise Measurement Method for Track Static Geometry of Large‐Span Bridge Railway
Authors: Lv Shiwang , Yin Yu , Chen Zhipeng , Li Qingquan , Tu Wei , Zhang Dejin , Zhang Bochen , Zhang Zijian
Published: January 2024

Track geometry is an important parameter reflecting the safety of bridge railway, which is of great significance for the structure control of railway track. The measurement of track geometry is an indispensable part of structural health monitoring for bridge railway. However, existing methods for track static track geometry measurement are inadequate in terms of accuracy and efficiency. In order to improve the measurement method, this paper proposes a rapid and precise measurement method based on IMU/odometer aided by multiple total stations, which has the advantages of high efficiency, high accuracy, and is less affected by the environment. The proposed method uses a track measurement trolley (TMT) integrated with IMU and an odometer to collect railway track data on the bridge, and multiple total stations are used to synchronously measure the three‐dimensional coordinates of the TMT. After coordinate system registration and time synchronisation, the data are then fused using a filtering algorithm to finally obtain the static geometry of the railway track. The proposed method was validated on the NanSha Port Railway Bridge across the Xijiang River in Foshan, China, and the results showed that the proposed method can make a single on‐orbit measurement of a 1000 m length of large‐span bridge railway track within half an hour, with an accuracy on the order of millimetres. The proposed method has obvious advantages in terms of efficiency and accuracy and is therefore an effective new measurement method with practical significance.
Existence Results of Random Impulsive Integrodifferential Inclusions with Time-Varying Delays
Authors: Maqbol Sahar M. A. , Jain R. S. , Reddy B. S.
Published: January 2024

This study examines the existence of mild solutions for nonlinear random impulsive integrodifferential inclusions with time-varying delays under sufficient conditions. Our study is based on the Martelli fixed point theorem, Pachpatte’s inequality, and the fixed point theorem due to Covitz and Nadler. Besides, we generalize, extend, and develop some well-known results in the existing literature.
Field Investigations on Subjective Perception, Physiological Responses, and Cognitive Performance under Increasing CO2 Concentration in an Underground Confined Space
Authors: Xie Zongqiao , Wang Qiwei , Zhou Kun , Ma Linjian , Wang Jing , Li Yong , Chen Shangyuan , Wei Weizhi
Published: January 2024

The objective of this research was to explore the impacts of heightened CO2 concentrations on human health and wellness in an underground confined space. A total of 180 participants were subjected to CO2 concentrations ranging from 1000 to 10000 ppm within a confined underground environment. The study assessed not only subjective perceptions and physiological responses but also cognitive performance, integrating novel measures such as emotion, skin conductance (SC), and heart rate variability (HRV). The findings demonstrated a notable variation in thermal sensation votes (TSV) and perceived air quality acceptability with the change in CO2 concentration. A significant increase in total mood disturbance (TMD) of 1.5 units was observed at a CO2 concentration of 8500 ppm, compared to 1000 ppm. Cognitive performance remained consistent for concentrations below 8500 ppm; however, a substantial alteration was noted at 10000 ppm. In terms of task difficulty, numerical calculations were perceived to require 0.74 units more effort than letter searches. As CO2 concentration exceeded 7500 ppm, significant variances were noted in physiological parameters such as diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), LF/HF, MF/HF ratios, PNN 50, and frequency domains of HRV (LF, MF, and HF) in comparison to the parameters at 1000 ppm. At 8500 ppm, the LF and HF parameters were found to be 780 and 452.3 units, respectively, higher than at 7000 ppm. These findings suggest that high humidity, low temperature, and elevated CO2 concentrations collectively contribute to the significant human stress responses. This study is of interest as there are limited reported researches on the air quality in underground confined space.
Novel Xanthene-1,8-dione Derivatives Containing the Benzylic Ether Tail as Potent Cytotoxic Agents: Design, Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Silico Studies
Authors: Ebadi Ahmad , Karimi Aref , Bahmani Asrin , Najafi Zahra , Chehardoli Gholamabbas
Published: January 2024

Seventeen new xanthene-1,8-dione derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as cytotoxic agents against the lung carcinoma cell line (A549). Compound 9-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-xanthene-1,8(2H)-dione (4a) showed good cytotoxic effects (34.59 μM) in comparison to cis-platin. Docking results showed 4a could interact with DNA as intercalation. Calculated ligand efficiency of compound 4a was more than daunomycin. Based on the results, it can be concluded that compound 4a is a suitable DNA binding agent.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties in Highly Co‐Doped Bi2Se3 by Density‐of‐State Effective Mass Increase
Authors: Kang Seung Min , Lee Kyu Hyoung , Roh Jong Wook , Cho Hyungyu , Park Sanghyun , Park Joontae , Kim Sang-il
Published: January 2024

Bi2Se3 alloys are promising thermoelectric materials for use at near room temperature. In this study, we investigated the thermoelectric transport properties of Co‐doped Bi2Se3, Bi2−xCoxSe3 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, and 0.12) polycrystalline alloys. The electrical conductivity of Bi2Se3 increased with Co doping as the electron concentration increased. The power factor increased by 83% (1.17 mW/mK2) with the Co doping compared with 0.64 mW/mK2 for pristine Bi2Se3 at room temperature. The density‐of‐states effective mass significantly increased to 0.30 m0 (free electron mass) by high Co doping of x =0.12 compared to 0.14 m0 for pristine Bi2Se3. The total thermal conductivity of the Co‐doped samples increased owing to the increase in electronic thermal conductivity, despite the systematic decrease in the lattice thermal conductivity caused by Co doping due to additional phonon scattering. Nevertheless, an enhancement in zT was observed for all the Co‐doped samples. The maximum zT value of 0.39 in highly Co‐doped Bi1.88Co0.12Se3 is observed at 520K, which is 18% higher than that of pristine Bi2Se3. The zT value of the Co‐doped sample could be further increased with the decrease in carrier concentration, which could be attained with the decrease in total thermal conductivity owing to the decreased electronic thermal conductivity while maintaining a high power factor originating from the increased effective mass.
Supplementary Table S2 from PHF6-altered T-ALL Harbor Epigenetic Repressive Switch at Bivalent Promoters and Respond to 5-Azacitidine and Venetoclax
Authors: Pinton Antoine , Courtois Lucien , Doublet Charlotte , Cabannes-Hamy Aurélie , Andrieu Guillaume , Smith Charlotte , Balducci Estelle , Cieslak Agata , Touzart Aurore , Simonin Mathieu , Lhéritier Véronique , Huguet Françoise , Balsat Marie , Dombret Hervé , Rousselot Philippe , Spicuglia Salvatore , Macintyre Elizabeth , Boissel Nicolas , Asnafi Vahid
Published: January 2024

Bivalent genes hypermethylated in PHF6 altered T-ALL and targeted by PHF6
Supplementary Figure S2 from Inhibition of PORCN Blocks Wnt Signaling to Attenuate Progression of Oral Carcinogenesis
Authors: Peña-Oyarzún Daniel , Flores Tania , Torres Vicente A. , Quest Andrew F.G. , Lobos-González Lorena , Kretschmar Catalina , Contreras Pamela , Maturana-Ramírez Andrea , Criollo Alfredo , Reyes Montserrat
Published: January 2024

Specificity of C59 over endogenous Wnt3a signaling in DOK-TC cells
Supp Figure 3 from FAK Drives Resistance to Therapy in HPV-Negative Head and Neck Cancer in a p53-Dependent Manner
Authors: Pifer Phillip M. , Yang Liangpeng , Kumar Manish , Xie Tongxin , Frederick Mitchell , Hefner Andrew , Beadle Beth , Molkentine David , Molkentine Jessica , Dhawan Annika , Abdelhakiem Mohamed , Osman Abdullah A. , Leibowitz Brian J. , Myers Jeffrey N. , Pickering Curtis R. , Sandulache Vlad C. , Heymach John , Skinner Heath D.
Published: January 2024

Supp Figure 3
Supplementary Table S3 from A Fully Automated Deep-Learning Model for Predicting the Molecular Subtypes of Posterior Fossa Ependymomas Using T2-Weighted Images
Authors: Cheng Dan , Zhuo Zhizheng , Du Jiang , Weng Jinyuan , Zhang Chengzhou , Duan Yunyun , Sun Ting , Wu Minghao , Guo Min , Hua Tiantian , Jin Ying , Peng Boyang , Li Zhaohui , Zhu Mingwang , Imami Maliha , Bettegowda Chetan , Sair Haris , Bai Harrison X. , Barkhof Frederik , Liu Xing , Liu Yaou
Published: January 2024

Prediction performance of demographic and radiological features in the retrospective test and prospective validation sets
Figure S1 from Analysis of Tumor Microenvironment Changes after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with or without Bevacizumab in Advanced Ovarian Cancer (GEICO-89T/MINOVA Study)
Authors: Tavira Beatriz , Iscar Teresa , Manso Luis , Santaballa Ana , Gil-Martin Marta , García García Yolanda , Romeo Margarita , Iglesias Maria , de Juan Ferré Ana , Barretina-Ginesta María Pilar , Manzano Aranzazu , Gaba Lydia , Rubio María Jesús , de Andrea Carlos E. , González-Martín Antonio
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Figure 1: Sample selection workflow for MINOVA study from GEICO 1205 clinical trial.
Supplementary Table S5 from Overall Survival and Exploratory Biomarker Analyses of Abemaciclib plus Trastuzumab with or without Fulvestrant versus Trastuzumab plus Chemotherapy in HR+, HER2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Tolaney Sara M. , Goel Shom , Nadal Jorge , Denys Hannelore , Borrego Manuel R. , Litchfield Lacey M. , Liu Jiangang , Appiah Adams K. , Chen Yanyun , André Fabrice
Published: January 2024

Representativeness of Study Participants.
Supplementary Table S3 from Overall Survival and Exploratory Biomarker Analyses of Abemaciclib plus Trastuzumab with or without Fulvestrant versus Trastuzumab plus Chemotherapy in HR+, HER2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Tolaney Sara M. , Goel Shom , Nadal Jorge , Denys Hannelore , Borrego Manuel R. , Litchfield Lacey M. , Liu Jiangang , Appiah Adams K. , Chen Yanyun , André Fabrice
Published: January 2024

Summary of abemaciclib dose adjustments in the safety population of the monarcHER trial.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Overall Survival and Exploratory Biomarker Analyses of Abemaciclib plus Trastuzumab with or without Fulvestrant versus Trastuzumab plus Chemotherapy in HR+, HER2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Tolaney Sara M. , Goel Shom , Nadal Jorge , Denys Hannelore , Borrego Manuel R. , Litchfield Lacey M. , Liu Jiangang , Appiah Adams K. , Chen Yanyun , André Fabrice
Published: January 2024

S4A, B: : Progression-free survival and overall survival for Arm C after differential gene expression analysis of tumor samples.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Overall Survival and Exploratory Biomarker Analyses of Abemaciclib plus Trastuzumab with or without Fulvestrant versus Trastuzumab plus Chemotherapy in HR+, HER2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Tolaney Sara M. , Goel Shom , Nadal Jorge , Denys Hannelore , Borrego Manuel R. , Litchfield Lacey M. , Liu Jiangang , Appiah Adams K. , Chen Yanyun , André Fabrice
Published: January 2024

Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for intrinsic subtypes.