bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La confianzaciudadana: un desafío para las instituciones electorales, de frente a las elecciones de 2012
Authors: Maitret Armando I.
Published: February 2018

En su trabajo el autor advierte que uno de los principales problemas que aquejan actualmente al sistema democrá- tico de México es el preocupante descrédito que las autoridades electorales empiezan a generar en la ciudadanía. Desde su perspectiva, existen elementos para advertir, en un extremo, sus vínculos cada vez más íntimos y estrechos con la política, en un entorno en donde existe la percepción de que todo lo que toca la política se contagia de un grado de desconfianza que se propaga como si se tratase de una enfermedad; en el otro extremo, destaca que no puede negarse que las propias autoridades han propiciado a través de algunas de sus decisiones, una confusión en la ciudadanía respecto del rol que juegan, debido a que en ocasiones no queda claro si son garantes de la Constitución y la ley, o defensores de las causas de la clase política o de algún otro interés.
Evolución y perspectivas de la justicia electoral en América Latina
Authors: Orozco Henríquez J. Jesús
Published: February 2018

El autor inicia con un recorrido que constata la evolución y el cambio de naturaleza de los modelos de justicia electoral durante el siglo XIX y XX. Enseguida, avanza una clasificación de los sistemas de justicia electoral en el mundo, dividida en cuatro grandes apartados, de conformidad con el órgano encargado de emitir la decisión final sobre las impugnaciones relacionadas con la validez y resultados de las elecciones: legislativo, jurisdiccional, administrativo o ad hoc. Hecho lo anterior, sitúa a los países de América Latina, encontrando sistemas donde las impugnaciones se presentan ante la institución que organiza la elección, ante la justicia constitucional, la administrativa o ante un tribunal especializado. Adicionalmente, el autor realiza una reflexión sobre los límites y posibilidades del control de constitucional en el ejercicio de la jurisdicción electoral y perfila las tendencias que sobre la reforma electoral se presentan en la región.
Consolidación democrática y reforma institucional en México
Authors: Valadés Diego
Published: February 2018

El autor afirma en su contribución que la reforma institucional representa el eslabón faltante dentro del proceso de cambio político de México en su ruta de consolidación democrática. Para ahondar en esta posición, el autor toma como referencia, la iniciativa de reforma constitucional presentada por el presidente de la República en diciembre de 2009; al efecto, analiza, contextualiza y critica el documento, para concluir que es la primera propuesta de gran calado desde que comenzó la transición democrática en 1977, enviada al Congreso sin un acuerdo previo entre las fuerzas políticas, que sus ofrecimientos resultan disfuncionales, desde la perspectiva de un Estado constitucional, pero que se encuentra bien construida para los propósitos encubiertos que persigue: aupar el poder presidencial, disminuir el poder del Congreso, reforzar la irresponsabilidad política de los gobernantes, erosionar el pluralismo político, comprimir las opciones de representación política y facilitar los acuerdos cupulares.
Las elecciones en Colombia
Authors: Olano García Hernán Alejandro
Published: February 2018

El presente artículo de reflexión, es uno de los resultados de investigación del proyecto titulado “Desarrollo de las fuentes del derecho administrativo en Colombia” El autor señala en diez subtítulos los aspectos más específicos del derecho electoral colombiano.
El derecho de voto como derecho fundamental
Authors: Presno Linera Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2018

En este artículo se estudia el derecho de voto o de sufragio como un derecho fundamental para la participación política, su objeto y las formas habilitadas para su ejercicio. También su necesario desarrollo legislativo y qué personas deben poder ejercerlo, incluyendo a los extranjeros, los miembros de la policía y las fuerzas armadas y los presos en instituciones penitenciarias.
La observación electoral en México: de la democratización a la consolidación democrática
Authors: Murayama Ciro
Published: February 2018

El presente texto se propone analizar cómo han ido cambiando a lo largo de las últimas dos décadas las condiciones en que se realizan los procesos electorales en Mé- xico, y cómo esa transformación ha impactado la relevancia y el contenido mismo de la observación electoral. La hipótesis central es que mientras México consiguió construir reglas e instituciones que hicieron viable la existencia de un sistema de partidos plural, fincado en el respeto al voto, los temas de la observación electoral se movieron hacia aquellos asuntos que son problemas consustanciales a todo régimen democrático, como son, el asunto de la relación entre dinero y política, el acceso a los medios de comunicación y la calidad de los propios partidos políticos. Así, la observación electoral, que tradicionalmente se ha impulsado en aquellos países y contextos donde está en cuestión la posibilidad de ejercer un derecho político fundamental, como es el sufragio libre, en México ha dejado de ser una necesidad, de tal suerte que hoy más que de observación puede hablarse de una agenda de investigación sobre la vida democrática del país, similar a la que existente en el resto del mundo democrático.
Observación electoral con énfasis en perspectiva internacional comparada
Authors: Ballados V. Patricio
Published: February 2018

Los informes que presentaron las organizaciones que realizaron observación electoral en 2012 arrojan resultados que permitirán realizar una mejor evaluación de los comicios federales y que servirán como insumo al Legislativo y a los organismos electorales para el proceso de reforma permanente en materia electoral. En buena medida, este cúmulo de resultados deriva de importantes innovaciones al modelo de observación electoral, en particular a la mecánica de operación del Fondo de Apoyo para la Observación Electoral. En primer lugar, por vez primera se incluyó a organizaciones académicas como parte del fondo. En segundo término, los temas de observación se ampliaron, de manera que se incorporaron tópicos como el voto de los mexicanos residentes en el extranjero, el procedimiento especial sancionador, Internet y redes sociales, además de los temas recurrentes. El presente ensayo estudia de forma crítica los principales hallazgos de once organizaciones de observación electoral en dos temas específicos: la confianza en las autoridades electorales y los nuevos temas de observación. Se concluye que la observación electoral sigue siendo relevante en una democracia como la mexicana, pues no sólo sirve para apuntalar ciertos aspectos a mejorar señalados por las autoridades responsables de la conducción del proceso, sino porque aporta elementos novedosos a tomar en cuenta para el ciclo permanente de mejora electoral.
Las organizaciones de la sociedad civil y la observación electoral 2012. Tres perspectivas sobre la participación ciudadana: género, jóvenes e indígenas
Authors: Espinoza Valle Víctor Alejandro , Coutigno Ramírez Ana Claudia
Published: February 2018

Este trabajo se basa en la información derivada del ejercicio de observación electoral durante el proceso electoral 2011-2012, desarrollado por 16 organizaciones de la sociedad civil a partir de tres perspectivas: género, jóvenes e indígenas. Se trata de un esfuerzo de síntesis para tratar de puntualizar los aportes más significativos de los reportes de investigación, estableciendo los alcances geográficos de cada uno de los ejercicios, los objetivos de los trabajos y la metodología utilizada. Las propuestas principales de cada una de las perspectivas se organizaron bajo tres ejes: institucional, cultura política y social. Los resultados permiten dimensionar el estado en que se encuentra la observación electoral en México, partiendo del reconocimiento de que estamos ante actividades relativamente recientes; y que respecto a lo que sucede en otros países, tenemos la obligación de apurar el paso ya que la participación ciudadana es un elemento consustancial para la calificación de una democracia. En estos momentos los resultados de la observación ciudadana no tienen efectos vinculatorios; el objetivo deberá consistir en avanzar hacia la determinación de políticas que impacten el proceso democrático en general y mejoren las condiciones de desigualdad de género, jóvenes e indígenas, en lo particular.
La libertad de expresión y sus principales manifestaciones en el contexto de la democracia electoral mexicana
Authors: Astudillo César , Flores Imer B. , Patiño Camarena Javier
Published: February 2018

La libertad de expresión constituye un elemento clave e imprescindible en cualquier democracia constitucional por la trascendencia de los mensajes a través de los cuales se expresan opiniones e ideas eminentemente políticas con finalidades claramente electorales. Derivado de su relevancia para la salud de la democracia mexicana, la presente contribución se propone determinar en qué medida el modelo de comunicación política introducido por la reforma constitucional electoral de 2007 favorece o condiciona la libertad de expresión; advertir la forma como los propios partidos políticos conciben la libertad de expresión como prerrogativa de sus propios militantes y simpatizantes, y cómo la contemplan como objeto de políticas pú- blicas; determinar cuál es el contenido y alcance de dicha libertad fundamental, de conformidad con la interpretación que le han conferido las instituciones electorales de nuestro país; analizar la función de los medios de comunicación y la garantía del derecho a la información en el contexto de las campañas electorales; determinar el grado en que los debates coadyuvan a la promoción de un voto consciente y razonado; subrayar la importancia que para la deliberación pública y la socialización de información política ejerce el derecho de réplica, y exponer el papel de las plataformas tecnológicas y las redes sociales en la maximización de los mensajes de contenido político-electoral.
Cinco premisas en torno a la metamorfosis del IFE en auto¬ridad electoral nacional
Authors: Astudillo César
Published: February 2018

El artículo pretende explicar a través de cinco premisas las grandes transformaciones de la autoridad electoral de Mé- xico en sus más de 23 años de funcionamiento, con el objetivo de patentizar que al finalizar su ciclo de vida institucional, aparecía ya como una institución notablemente diferente a aquélla surgida en los años noventa. En este sentido, contiene un recorrido que enfatiza algunos elementos clave dirigidos a explicar esa “metamorfosis institucional”, que a partir de los cambios a su naturaleza, objetivos, exigencias y fines movieron al Instituto Federal Electoral del espacio institucional en el que nació, y que paulatinamente produjeron el ensanchamiento de sus alcances a través de un conjunto de nuevas responsabilidades que con el paso del tiempo produjeron una evidente sobrerregulación, pero sobre todo, un notable redimensionamiento del margen de actuación del IFE. Este conjunto de cambios, vistos integralmente y a la distancia, fueron preparando el terreno para la transformación de la autoridad electoral en una institución que de una responsabilidad circunscrita al ámbito de las elecciones federales adquirió un auténtico carácter nacional mediante un esquema competencial que le permite tomar decisiones en el contexto de los comicios estatales y municipales.
Del federalismo al nacionalismo electoral
Authors: Santiago Castillo Javier
Published: February 2018

La reforma político electoral de 2013- 2014 generó un debate en torno a federalizar o centralizar las funciones del modelo electoral mexicano. La disputa entre ampliar las facultades del Instituto Federal Electoral o crear un nuevo paradigma centralizado para la administración de las elecciones, se trasformó en un modelo hibrido con atribuciones concurrentes entre el Instituto Nacional Electoral (INE) y los Organismos Públicos Locales Electorales (OPLES), donde la soberanía estatal y el carácter autónomo de los poderes públicos locales se ven mermados. El objetivo del presente trabajo es señalar los ámbitos de competencia de cada uno y distinguir las injerencias de la esfera electoral federal en el ámbito estatal y nacional.
Integración de mesas directivas de casilla en México: reto futuro de la gobernanza electoral
Authors: Cardiel Soto Roberto Heycher , Morales Noble Víctor
Published: February 2018

La integración del funcionariado de las mesas directivas de casilla, en México, es una excelente oportunidad para observar la gobernanza en un acto público esencial (la transmisión de la legitimidad al gobierno) mediante un procedimiento que carece de mecanismos de sanción inminente. Precisamente, porque es un país en donde apenas la mitad de la población considera que la democracia es preferible a cualquier otra forma de gobierno, y sólo una quinta parte está algo o muy satisfecha con su democracia, resulta digno de ser analizado este caso en que la autoridad electoral y la ciudadanía comparten un mismo referente ético (garantizar la realización de elecciones bajo los principios de legalidad, certeza, independencia, imparcialidad, máxima publicidad objetiva), y tienden a cumplir expectativas comunes bajo un esquema no coercitivo.
Casilla única en la Ciudad de México en la elección de 2015. Reflejo del sistema electoral nacional
Authors: González Martínez Olga
Published: February 2018

La reforma constitucional en materia político-electoral de 2014 en México significó un cambio paradigmático en el funcionamiento administrativo del sistema electoral y en la relación entre las autoridades electorales, tanto nacional como locales. La implementación de un modelo de casilla única, que permitiera a la ciudadanía votar en un mismo lugar y ante una sola mesa directiva durante la elección concurrente, puso a prueba la coordinación interinstitucional entre autoridades electorales en diferentes niveles, en el contexto de un sistema administrativo híbrido surgido de las disposiciones constitucionales. Este trabajo analiza tres procesos fundamentales de la organización electoral desde la óptica local del Distrito Federal, ahora Ciudad de México, e invita a una reflexión sobre los retos superados y las áreas de oportunidad identificadas, en un sistema electoral que, por una parte, limita la autonomía de las autoridades electorales locales bajo el supuesto de lograr elecciones íntegras, y por otra, cuestiona la vigencia del pacto federal nacional.
Los métodos de elección de candidatos en méxico: una propuesta de ingeniería política democratizadora
Authors: Andrea Sánchez Francisco José de
Published: February 2018

El presente ensayo tiene un objetivo múltiple: servir como punto de partida para eventuales propuestas de reforma de la vida partidaria interna de los partidos políticos mexicanos que implementen la celebración institucional, periódica y permanente de elecciones primarias internas como elecciones preliminares que antecedan a las elecciones generales para seleccionar a candidatos a cargos de elección popular de nivel municipal, estatal y federal; también, dar un giro novedoso a los análisis en materia de las elecciones internas de los partidos políticos, para enfatizar las principales fortalezas de las elecciones primarias; además, arrojar luces sobre la segunda vertiente de la democracia interna de los partidos políticos contemporáneos que es la selección de sus cuadros directivos; asimismo, demostrar que las elecciones primarias disminuyen la posibilidad de narcocandidatos que accedan exitosamente al poder a través de elecciones constitucionales, “lavando” así su capital político. Por último, este trabajo enfatiza que los partidos políticos son instituciones fundamentales para la estabilidad política y social de un país, y del propio sistema político de partidos.
THE PRACTICE REHEARSAL PAIR STRATEGY TOWARDS STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY AT THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA N 2 LUBUK ALUNG
Authors: Reza Thenzia Februa , Hayati Amal , Widyawati Siska Okta
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this research was to find the effect of the application of Practice Rehearsal Pairs strategy Towards Students’ Speaking Ability At The Tenth Grade Students of SMAN 2 Lubuk Alung. This research is an experimental research. The population was all students in class X SMAN 2 Lubuk Alung school year 2015/2016. The samples selected were X1class as the experimental class and X3 class as the control class. The research was conducted for 8 meetings. The research began by providing treatment to the experimental class by using Practice Rehearsal Pair strategy and control class by using conventional technique. At the end of the research, students were given a speaking test as an instrument to determine the result of the strategy used. The technique of analyzing data was the hypothesis t-test, which was used to test the difference in mean and standard deviation of the two samples. Based on the analysis of data obtained, tcalculate = 5.12 and ttable = 2.05. Because tcalculate (5.12) > ttable (2.05), then H0 was rejected and Hi was accepted, so it can be concluded that the application of Practice Rehearsal Pair strategy provides a significant effect towards students’ speaking ability at SMAN 2 Lubuk Alung.
PENGARUH PENGAJARAN METODE KANGURU TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN IBU BAYI BBLR
Authors: Merdekawati Diah
Published: February 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengetahuan ibu sebelum dan sesudah diajarkan metode kanguru pada ibu bayi berat lahir rendah di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Annisa Jambi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain one group pretest posttest. Sebanyak 12 responden terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara total sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat. Dari hasil uji statistik univariat diketahui sebanyak 8 responden (66,7%) mempunyai pengetahuan rendah sebelum diberikan pengajaran metode Kanguru dan sebanyak 9 responden (75%) mempunyai pengetahuan tinggi setelah diberikan pengajaran metode Kanguru. Berdasarkan hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada pengaruh pengajaran metode Kanguru terhadap pengetahuan ibu dengan p-value = 0,000. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengajaran metode Kanguru dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu bayi BBLR sehingga ibu dapat berperan untuk meningkatkan berat badan bayi.
FORMULASI GEL MINYAK YLANG-YLANG DAN UJI DAYA ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP BAKTERI PENYEBAB JERAWAT
Authors: Afriani Tika
Published: February 2018

Minyak ylang-ylang telah diformulasi dalam bentuk sediaan gel dengan konsentrasi 3% menggunakan hidroksipropil metilselulosa sebagai bahan pembentuk gel dengan konsentrasi 2, 2,5, 3, 3,5 dan 4%. Kontrol positif adalah sediaan gel klindamisin yang beredar di pasaran. Masing-masing formula dievaluasi berupa pemerian, homogenitas, pH, uji daya menyebar, uji daya tercuci, pemeriksaan stabilitas terhadap pendinginan, dan uji mikrobiologi dengan metode difusi agar terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis penyebab jerawat. Hasil evaluasi fisik gel menunjukkan bahwa F1 dan F2 tidak stabil selama enam minggu penyimpanan, sedangkan F3, F4, dan F5 stabil selama enam minggu penyimpanan. Hasil uji mikrobiologi gel minyak ylang-ylang menunjukkan daya hambat lemah sampai sedang terhadap bakteri penyebab jerawat. F3 merupakan formula terbaik karena stabil selama penyimpanan dan memberikan daya hambat terhadap bakteri penyebab jerawat lebih baik dibandingkan dengan F4 dan F5. Daya hambat gel minyak ylang-ylang kelima formula berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p<0,05).
PERANCANGAN APLIKASI MEDIA INFORMASI LOWONGAN KERJA PERUSAHAAN BAGI PENCARI KERJA BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Maiyana Efmi
Published: February 2018

Melihat realita tingginya jumlah pencari kerja di Indonesia saat ini, masih banyak pengangguran, serta sulitnya sebuah perusahaan dalam menseleksi calon karyawan yang akan diterima dalam perusahaannya, maka diperlukan sebuah sistem informasi perancangan sistem informasi lowongan kerja yang dapat mempermudah kedua belah pihak baik bagi pencari kerja maupun bagi perusahaan yang membutuhkan tenaga kerja. Pembangunan Sistem Informasi ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi seputar lowongan kerja dan informasi mengenai lowongan yang berbasis web agar memudahkan para pencari kerja untuk mendapatkan informasi secara cepat, mudah dan efisien. Sistem ini dirancang dengan menggunakan bahasa pemograman PHP dan database MySQL. Diharapkan dengan adanya informasi lowongan kerja online ini dapat memberikan kemudahan bagi pencari kerja dan masyarakat umum. 

 

The high amount of job seekers in Indonesia  nowadays and the limitation of comprehensive information given by the company about the necessity of prospective employees needed based on its qualification. In order to bridge those two problems, one of solutions is by utilizing information system. The development of this Information System aims to give comprehensive information of job vacancies for all job seekers. Therefore the job seekers  may directly apply job through system. This system is designed by using the system of waterfall development and by utilizing programme language of PHP/MySQL. The product produced is an online information system containing all informations of job vacancies which may give benefit for companies and job seekers exactly.         
RANCANG BANGUN TIMBANGAN BADAN OUTPUT SUARA BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO R3
Authors: Alhamidi Alhamidi , Asmara Rini
Published: February 2018

Timbangan badan adalah salah satu peralatan yang digunakan dalam dunia kesehatan, timbangan badan yang terdapat dibeberapa pos pelayan terpadu dan puskesmas masih banyak yang menggunakan timbangan tradisional. Oleh karena itu diperlukan timbangan badan elektronik bersuara, karena nilai ketelitian timbangan elektronik bersuara ini lebih akurat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian perpustakaan, metode penelitian lapangan, dan metode penelitian laboratorium. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan membuat timbangan badan bersuara yang sederhana dengan menggunakan sensor Loadcell yang akan mendeteksi nilai berat badan manusia. Sebagai pengolah nilai berat dari sensor Loadcell digunakan Modul Arduino. Mikrokontroller ATmega328 yang terdapat dalam Modul Arduino  akan mengolah data dari nilai tekanan sensor Loadcell untuk di tampilkan ke LCD dan suara ke Speker. Bahasa pemograman yang digunakan adalah bahasa C yang terdapat pada software Arduino. Dengan alat ini diharapkan penimbangan berat badan manusia lebih akurat dan lebih mudah. Sedangkan hasil pengujian dari rangkaian secara keseluruhan yaitu menampilkan berat yang terukur pada LCD dan menginformasikan berat yang terukur melalui Speker. Secara keseluruhan disimpulkan bahwa rancang bangun timbangan badan bersuara yang telah di buat sudah dapat bekerja dengan baik sesuai dengan yang di rancang.

Scales is one of the tools that used in the world of health, the scales in some integrated service post and clinics are still use traditional scales. Therefore we need a voiced electronic scales, because the value of precision electronic scales voice is more accurate.The research method used in this research is research libraries, field research and laboratory research methods. This research aims to design and create a simple voice scales using Loadcell sensor that detects the value of human body weight. As processing heavy grades of sensor used Loadcell Module Arduino. ATmega328 microcontroller contained in Arduino module will process the date from the pressure sensor Loadcell value for display to the LCD and sound to the speakers. The programming language used is C language contained in Arduino software. With these tools it is expected human weighing more accurate and easier. While the test results as a whole which displays the measured weight on LCD and informing weight measured through the speakers. Overall concluded that the design scales voice that's been made already be working properly in accordance with that design
Aplicabilidade da proteína haptoglobina como bioindicador de saúde na bovinocultura de corte e leite
Authors: Bastos Bastos , Tadeu Raynal Rocha-Filho José , Paulino Santana Ítalo , Meyer Roberto , Eugênio Guimarães José
Published: February 2018

Haptoglobin is the main acute phase protein in ruminants, and its use is being widely investigated in animal clinics as an early biomarker of inflammation, infection, tissue damage and stress conditions. This occurs due to the fact that this protein presents blood values close to 0.05 mg / ml in healthy cattle, but it increases more than 100 times during the pathological conditions, even before clinical signs appear and changes in the leukogram occur. Considering these characteristics, haptoglobin has a high potential for use in different areas of the Brazilian livestock industry. Thus, the aim of this literature review is to compile the scientific studies that used this protein as a bioindicator of animal health in beef and dairy cattle. In beef cattle, it was verified that the quantification of haptoglobin may contribute to the screening of animals in the ante morten inspection, allowing the identification of animals with subclinical disease that were not diagnosed by visual inspection; can also contribute to the verification of animal welfare in the moments after transportation and pre-slaughter, avoiding the slaughter of animals with possible stresses that may alter the quality of the meat products. In dairy cattle, haptoglobin can directly contribute to the identification of cows with different levels of clinical and subclinical mastitis, besides allowing the identification of lots of milk with high concentration of somatic cells or from herds affected by infectious agents. In order to promote its inclusion as a monitoring tool within the Brazilian livestock industry, for use by both veterinarians and industrial establishments of animal products, it is recommended to carry out validation studies on the use of haptoglobin as an animal health bioindicator in partnership with companies of the sector, so that its practical utility is verified directly by the professionals involved.
GENETIC VARIATION OF E. oleifera POPULATION AND POPULATION E. guineensis x E. oleifera ON NUTFAH PLASMA COLLECTION PPKS
Authors: Faizah Rokhana , Wening Sri , Rahmadi Hernawan Yuli , Purba Abdul Razak
Published: February 2018

The oil palm species of Elaeis oleifera have some superior characters not possessed by E. guineensis species. The cross between E. oleifera x E. guineensis (E. o x E. g.) Is carried out to insert the superior character of E. oleifera into the E. guineensis species and to obtain individuals who possess a superior characteristic blend of both species. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity within and between populations of E. oleifera, as well as relationships between E. oleifera, E. guineensis and its interspecific hybrids. A total of 8 germplasm populations used were E. oleifera originating from Suriname and Brazil, E. guineensis population of Dura Deli and SP540T, and interspecific crosses of hybrid E. guineensis x E. oleifera from Colombia, hybrid E. guineensis x E. oleifera which is presumably from Colombia, as well as hybrid E. guineensis x E. oleifera from Brazil. A total of sixteen Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were used to analyze 92 individuals from 8 populations. PCoA results show that 8 Elaeis populations cluster in each group. The hybrid population of E. guineensis x E. oleifera suspected of Colombia has a very close kinship relationship with hybrid E. guineensis x E. oleifera from Colombia and clumped in the same quadrant. This suggests that the hybrid is indeed a hybrid of E. guineensis x E. oleifera from Colombia. The population of E. oleifera from Suriname showed the lowest genetic diversity, with the number of different alleles, specific alleles, heterozygosity values, and the percentages of polymorphic loci sequentially were 1.37, 0.18, 0.09, and 37.50%. While the population of interspecific interspecific crossbreeds of the E. oleifera species showed the highest genetic diversity with values ​​of 3.81, 0.43, 0.62 and 100%.
Dual moral hazard and adverse selection in South African agribusiness: it takes two to tango
Authors: Mkhabela Thulasizwe
Published: February 2018

The paper employs a dual moral hazard and adverse selection model to analyse partnerships in agribusiness under joint venture contracts with asymmetric information and imperfect quality measurement by the agent and principal both of which contribute to the final quality of the product in terms of production effort and marketing (offtake) effort, respectively. A salient feature of this paper is the analysis of the ramifications of joint venture contract for quantity and quality, which is often deficient in most previous analyses of moral hazard. The research found that contracts that have rewards based on the quantity produced weakened the agent’s incentive to make effort in ensuring quality. This finding could explain why most contracts in agriculture for products with differentiated markets rarely use retail-price conditioned contracts.
Value adding in the agri-food value chain
Authors: Cucagna Maria Emilia , Goldsmith Peter D.
Published: February 2018

Global agricultural markets reflect the increasing complexity of modern consumer demand for food safety and quality. This demand has triggered changes throughout the food industry, and led to greater opportunities for product differentiation and the potential to add value to raw commodities. Greater differentiation and value adding over time has in turn dramatically changed the price spread or marketing bill between the farm value of products and the retail value. Thus a significantly greater percentage of the final price paid by consumers is now garnered down chain rather than up chain over the last 20 years. This apparent shifting of value creation or addition, as measured by the marketing margin, has invigorated empirical questions as to where, and how much value, is created along the agri-food value chain. First we define value creation/adding, and then we estimate the economic value added for 454 firms. We validate our findings by creating and employing three additional value creation measures – the modified economic value added, the creation or destruction of value, and the persistence of value creation. Finally we estimate value creation at each node of the value chain, measure the relative differences among firms and nodes, and estimate a model measuring the drivers of value adding.
Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) Intercultural Competence: A Phenomenological Exploration of Trainees’ Experiences within Global Virtual Training Environments.
Authors: O'Toole Chris
Published: February 2018

Abstract                                           Research suggests that a crucial aspect of communication for successful interactions between online trainers and trainees of different cultures is intercultural competence. A question is therefore posed: “To what extent and in what ways does the trainee experience trainer intercultural competence within a global virtual training environment?” It is important to answer this question to understand and enhance intercultural competence of trainers within a global virtual training environment (VTE).This phenomenological study explored the lived experience[1] of three trainees (one being the researcher) within two professional global VTEs. Data was collected through short written reports of participants’ experience of the phenomenon and through an in-depth semi-structured interview. Findings revealed low levels of intercultural competence within global VTEs. However the data collected also suggested that enhanced intercultural communication on behalf of the trainers would improve training. Three themes described the participants’ experiences; substantial intercultural biases held by trainers towards trainees; frequent communication problems between trainers and trainees; and a preference by trainees for trainers to enhance their intercultural competence within global VTEs. Limitations included the relatively low number of participants. [1]Individual experiences of people as conscious human beings (Moustakas, 1994).
Incidence of diabetic eye disease in accordance with duration, glycemic control, blood and ocular pressure
Authors: Canadanovic Vladimir , Jovanovic Sandra , Davidovic Sofija , Oros Ana , Dzinic Vladislav , Barisic Sava
Published: February 2018

Introduction. Diabetic retinopathy remains the leading cause of visual
disability and blindness among professionally active adults in economically
developed societies, which is of particular concern because the prevalence
and incidence of diabetes mellitus is expected to increase sharply during the
next decade. There are several known factors responsible for the development
of diabetic retinopathy, duration of disease and blood sugar level being the
most important ones. Material and Methods. Prospective study of 280 diabetic
patients (diabetes mellitus type 2) divided into 3 groups according to the
duration of diabetes mellitus. All diabetic patients underwent complete
ophthalmological examination in artificial mydriasis and optic coherence
tomography. A full medical history included patient age, the time elapsed
from diabetes diagnosis, current treatment of diabetes, presence of
hypertension and glycemic control assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin
measurement. Results. The mean age of patients was 63.5 years (SD?6.5, range
57-70 years). Mean duration of diabetes was 7.3 years in group I, 12.4 years
in group II and 17.2 years in group III. The average value of glycosylated
hemoglobin was 6.58% in the group I, 7.64% in the group II and 8.29% in the
third group of patients. No statistically significant difference in
intraocular pressure and the level of blood pressure were found among groups.
Cataract was present in 104 patients (37.1%). Complications related to
diabetes among all patients included in our study were: nonproliferative
diabetic retinopathy in 48.5%, proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 25.7%
and diabetic macular edema in 22.5% of patients. Conclusion. The duration of
diabetes is one of the most significant factors for the development of
diabetic maculopathy and the progression from nonproliferative to its
proliferative stage. There is significantly higher incidence of proliferative
diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema in patients with increased
serum level of glycosylated hemoglobin. Diabetes accompanied by hypertension
is related to worsening of the clinical course of diabetic eye diseases and
developing diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Significance of IgG avidity test in diagnosis of west Nile virus infection
Authors: Hrnjakovic-Cvjetkovic Ivana , Radovanov Jelena , Kovacevic Gordana , Patic Aleksandra , Nikolic Natasa , Milosevic Vesna
Published: February 2018

Introduction. Serological tests appear to be the method of choice for
establishing the diagnosis in the late phase of West Nile virus infection.
Long persistence of IgM antibodies against West Nile virus is described and
may be a problem for determination of the time of acquisition of West Nile
virus infection. The aim of the study was to estimate the significance of IgG
avidity determination in establishing the diagnosis of West Nile virus
infection. Material and Methods. In a study 56 serum samples seropositive
against West Nile virus were included. 24 serum samples were collected in
2012 from healthy residents of South-Backa district and 32 serum samples were
collected in 2014 from 124 patients suspected of having West Nile virus
infection. Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent tests were used for the
detection of West Nile virus-specific IgM and IgG antibodies and IgG avidity.
Results. Out of 124 patients suspected of having West Nile virus infection,
32 (25.8%) were seropositive for West Nile virus antibodies. Acute infection
was laboratory confirmed in 15 (46.9%) cases. All patients with acute
infection were West Nile virus IgM positive, 13 (85%) were West Nile virus
IgG positive, and 2 (15%) had a borderline result for West Nile virus IgG
antibodies. Out of 32 seropositive patients the presence of IgM antibodies
was determined in 22 (68.7%). In a group of samples with high IgG avidity
values, 6 were IgM positive, while 8 were IgM negative. Conclusion. West Nile
virus IgM and IgG antibody serological assays alone are not sufficient for
the accurate and reliable diagnosis of WNV infection. West Nile virus IgG
avidity testing is necessary to ensure the differential diagnosis of acute
from past West Nile virus infection.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology - fifty three years since the establishment
Authors: Mitrovic Slobodan , Komazec Zoran , Jovic Rajko
Published: February 2018

Otorhinolaryngology Clinic, which is an integral part of Vojvodina Clinical
Centre, is the first teaching base of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology
from 1964. It was founded only four years after the establishment of the
Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, pursuant to the faculty?s decision. From the
beginning and until now ninety professors and assistants were their
consistent part. The Department of Otorhinolaryngology joined the
organization of the teaching process at the Faculty of Medicine, according to
the Bologna Declaration?s guidelines from 2005. Since this year 2017, the
teachers of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology will conduct theoretical
and practical teaching in ten teaching subjects in the Serbian language as a
part of the first degree studies. For the purpose of taking specialist exams
from 2016, the Department of Otorhinolaryngology has two specialist
commissions, and from the previous period a commission for the examination of
narrow specializations in audiology and phoniatry. The Department od
Otorhinolaryngology celebrated 50th anniversary since its establishment in
2014 year. The Department of Otorhinolaryngology has been and now is a
nursery for the best personnel in the field of Otorhinolaryngology in Serbia
and in Vojvodina. Through the decades of its existence success can be seen
through numerous student awards and recognitions which are the best proof for
continuous work on acquiring new and expanding existing knowledge.
Fourteen years of newborn screening for phenylketonuria in Vojvodina
Authors: Kavecan Ivana , Jovanovic Jadranka , Privrodski Boris , Obrenovic Milan , Redzek-Mudrinic Tatjana
Published: February 2018

Introduction. Phenylketonuria is an inborn disorder of metabolism, a rare,
hereditary disease caused by deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme
necessary for conversion of phenylalanine into tyrosine. The aim of this
study is to determine the incidence of hyperphenylalaninemia and classical
phenylketonuria in population of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina.
Material and Methods. We performed retrospective analysis at Medical Genetics
Service, the Institute for Youth and Health Care of Vojvodina and examined
the clinical material of the previous fourteen years, during the interval
from 2003-2016. The analysis of the obtained results was carried out using
descriptive statistics. Results. During fourteen years, from 01.01.2003 to
31.12.2016, 27 newborns with hyperphenylalaninemia were detected, and the
incidence of hyperphenylalaninemia in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina
was 1: 9.525. Classical phenylketonuria was detected in 15 persons during
indicated period, and the incidence was 1:17.143. Conclusion. Phenylketonuria
is a hereditary disease whose adverse effects can be avoided, if it is
recognized in time, and if recommended treatment measures are adequately
applied, thereby improving the quality of life of persons affected by the
disease as well as the whole family, that is facilitated by the introduction
and implementation of neonatal screening.
Current treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Vojvodina
Authors: Zivanovic Zeljko , Lucic Aleksandra , Radovanovic Biljana , Ruzicka-Kaloci Svetlana , Jovicevic Mirjana , Sekaric Jelena , Kokai-Zekic Timea , Popovic Nemanja , Vlahovic Dmitar , Andjelic Dragan , Boban Nikola , Till Viktor , Slankamenac Petar
Published: February 2018

Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Acute ischemic stroke is a
major cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Intravenous thrombolysis
with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator remains the standard treatment
for acute ischemic stroke for any patient presenting within 4.5 hours from
symptom onset. However, it is more effective and safe when treatment starts
early. This therapy for acute ischemic stroke has been administered in
Vojvodina since 2008. Various factors influence the outcome after intravenous
thrombolysis. Timely recanalization and reperfusion is associated with better
clinical outcomes. Mechanical Thrombectomy - a New Therapeutic Modality for
the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Nevertheless, the rate of
recanalization and favorable outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke
due to large vessel occlusion are low after intravenous thrombolysis. In such
patients mechanical thrombectomy has demonstrated significantly higher rates
of recanalization and improved outcomes compared with intravenous
thrombolysis alone. This endovascular reperfusion therapy began to be
implemented in Vojvodina in 2016. Conclusion. Intravenous thrombolysis
continues to play a key role in the treatment of all acute ischemic stroke
patients, but mechanical thrombectomy should be the ?gold standard? in the
cases with large vessel occlusion.
Hot flush values of gonadotropins and estradiol in menopause
Authors: Arizanovic Zorana , Vujovic Svetlana , Ivovic Miomira , Tancic-Gajic Milina , Marina Ljiljana , Stojanovic Milos , Micic Dragan
Published: February 2018

Introduction/Objective. Hot flashes are one of the first clinical symptoms of menopause. The mechanism of hot flashes is still not fully understood. Changes in concentrations of the circulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, and other hormones can lead to thermoregulatory dysfunction. The aim of this study was to examine the association between dynamic changes in concentrations of sex hormones and the presence of vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women. Methods. The study involved 36 women divided into two groups: in the first group there were 24 women with hot flashes, BMI 26.16 ? 3.42 kg/m2; the control group comprised 12 women, BMI 26.82 ? 3.89 kg/m2. Data on the presence of hot flashes were based on medical history data. Venous blood samples were collected for the analyses of FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, dehidroepiandrosteron sulfate, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and thyroxin. During the subjective feeling of hot flashes, three blood samples during the day and night were collected to determine the mean levels of FSH, LH, and estradiol in women with hot flashes. Results. Women with hot flashes had significantly higher prolactin (389.58 ? 123.69 mIU/L to 258.19 ? 122 mIU/L, p < 0.01) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (3.60 ? 2.49 nmol/L vs. 1.88 ? 1.27 nmol/L, p < 0.05) levels, as well as lower mean values of FSH during hot flashes during the day (69.08 ? 28.84 IU/L vs. 107.18 ? 39.11 IU/L, p < 0.01) and night (60.72 ? 21.89 IU/L vs. 104.57 ? 38.06 IU/L, p < 0.01). Conclusion. .Women with hot flashes had significantly lower mean FSH levels during hot flashes during the day and night than the control group.
Massive traumatic myositis ossificans
Authors: Martinov Dobrivoje , Stojkovic-Jovanovic Tatjana , Boskovic Ksenija
Published: February 2018

Introduction. Traumatic myositis ossificans (TMO) is a rare condition, which can jeopardize athletic careers, especially in cases when a large ossification is formed. The aim of this paper is to present the results of treating a large TMO mass by application of physical procedures. Case outline. A TMO mass of large dimensions was detected in a 13-year-old competitive athlete two months after the patient sustained a direct blow to the quadriceps. Physical treatment lasted three months. The patient was able to carry out normal daily activities and recreational sports activities without limitation eight months after the initial injury. The imaging over a five-year follow-up detected a decrease in height and width of the ossification, but also a discrete increase in its length. Conclusion. Physical therapy resulted in full functional recovery, regardless of the massive ossification. The height and width of the ossification was reduced, but its length increased.
Conservative Disclosure
Authors: Guay Wayne R. , Verrecchia Robert E.
Published: February 2018

We analyze a model of voluntary disclosure where investors impose a discount for uncertainty about firm value. We find that a commitment to conservative reporting, defined as a requirement that firms disclose bad realizations of economic events, results in firm prices being higher, on average. Intuitively, in the absence of mandatory disclosure requirements, managers have incentives to disclose voluntarily information about good realizations and withhold information about bad realizations. Thus, a financial reporting system that requires timely reporting of low realizations results in lower uncertainty and higher firm value. Importantly, we interpret a commitment to conservative reporting to include not only reported earnings, but, more broadly, any mechanism that commits managers to disclose, such as required footnotes and explanations in corporate filings. Beyond a capital market setting, our model also applies to other adverse selection settings, including governance, litigation, and debt contracting, where timely disclosure of bad news improves efficiency.

JEL Classifications: M4.
The Atuatanga model: A methodology for researching Māori theology
Authors: Rangiwai Byron
Published: February 2018

This article will discuss the development of the Atuatanga model and its relevance and application to the exploration, conceptualisation and researching of Māori theology.
"Tobolsk period” of the Governor N.L. Gondatti
Authors: Skipina Irina Vasilyevna ,   Tyumen State University
Published: February 2018

The paper reviewed the activity of the Tsarist nobleman N.L. Gondatti during his tenure as Governor of the Tobolsk province (January 1906 – September 1908). The research focused on the consideration of views by N.L. Gondatti who was confident in the necessity of reforms being carried out by the government including the resettlement policies, development of new lands, regulation of land tenure and land use, enabling peasants to leave their communi-ty, development of free enterprise and self-administration. The study of the central and local authorities’ interaction, the officials’ role in man-agement analysis made it possible to assess the significance and effectiveness of reforms being conducted in the country. Not all activities planned were implemented in full and supported by the population. There was an opposition in the region rep-resented by prominent liberal public figures, revolutionary-minded citizens, community peasants, entrepreneurs who objected to government decisions. Nevertheless, this circumstance did not stop the confident official. N.L. Gondatti succeeded in strengthening the central government in the East of the country, developing the local economy, education and healthcare facilities. However, being a convinced monarchist, he did not support the ideas of further liberalization of the autocratic rule. Governor’s zeal in carrying out the measures introduced by the central authorities who has not always taken into consideration the needs and aspirations of Tobolsk region residents is perceived today as a duty of a person in the civil service to submit to managerial decisions. A personalized approach to the analysis of the 1906–1908 reforms explains the success and stagnation of the reforms, reveals the explicit and hidden motives of processes that do not always act in concert, determines the factors caused by the individual qualities of change agents both stimulat-ing and constraining the reformers’ ideas.