bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weak Supervision and Clustering-Based Sample Selection for Clinical Named Entity Recognition
Authors: Sun Wei , Ji Shaoxiong , Denti Tuulia , Moen Hans , Kerro Oleg , Rannikko Antti , Marttinen Pekka , Koskinen Miika
Published: September 2023

One of the central tasks of medical text analysis is to extract and structure meaningful information from plain-text clinical documents. Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a sub-task of information extraction that involves identifying predefined entities from unstructured free text. Notably, NER models require large amounts of human-labeled data to train, but human annotation is costly and laborious and often requires medical training. Here, we aim to overcome the shortage of manually annotated data by introducing a training scheme for NER models that uses an existing medical ontology to assign weak labels to entities and provides enhanced domain-specific model adaptation with in-domain continual pretraining. Due to limited human annotation resources, we develop a specific module to collect a more representative test dataset from the data lake than a random selection. To validate our framework, we invite clinicians to annotate the test set. In this way, we construct two Finnish medical NER datasets based on clinical records retrieved from a hospital’s data lake and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The code is available at https://github.com/VRCMF/HAM-net.git.
Development of AR Interactive Components for Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports
Authors: Seta Luciano , Goei Sui Lin , Chiazzese Giuseppe , Arrigo Marco , Farella Mariella , Tosto Crispino , Chifari Antonella , Domínguez Ana , Mangina Eleni
Published: September 2023

This chapter reflects the research conducted for the development of Augmented Reality (AR) interactive components for Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) involving the development of an AR mobile app from the basic principles to the software prototype. The research lays the foundations for introducing AR into a new teaching and learning context based on the teaching of behavior according to the PBIS framework. PBIS is a preventative approach for decreasing problem behavior and improving the instruction of expected behaviours, organization of consequence systems, redesign of environmental settings, and use of evidence-based practices. The main aim of this chapter is to introduce the PBIS–AR mobile app and provide an overview of the development process integrating AR with the requirements of PBIS practice. After a short reference to PBIS, the concept underlying the development of the PBIS–AR app is presented. The concept is based on the definition of a new theoretical paradigm that integrates AR and behavioural learning creating an augmented space that we have called Augmented Reality Behavioral Learning Space (AR–BLS). The chapter further introduces the structure of the behavioural lessons, designed to instruct learners according to the school behavioral values, and presents the PBIS–AR app architecture as a component of the AR PBIS ecosystem. It illustrates the different components of this ecosystem together with the AR solutions adopted.
SMEFT goes dark: Dark Matter models for four-fermion operators
Authors: Cepedello Ricardo , Esser Fabian , Hirsch Martin , Sanz Veronica
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We study ultra-violet completions for d = 6 four-fermion operators in the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT), focusing on models that contain cold dark matter candidates. Via a diagrammatic method, we generate systematically lists of possible UV completions, with the aim of providing sets of models, which are complete under certain, well specified assumptions. Within these lists of models we rediscover many known DM models, as diverse as R-parity conserving supersymmetry or the scotogenic neutrino mass model. Our lists, however, also contain many new constructions, which have not been studied in the literature so far. We also briefly discuss how our DM models could be constrained by reinterpretations of LHC searches and the prospects for HL-LHC and future lepton colliders.
Quantum information geometry of driven CFTs
Authors: de Boer Jan , Godet Victor , Kastikainen Jani , Keski-Vakkuri Esko
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Driven quantum systems exhibit a large variety of interesting and sometimes exotic phenomena. Of particular interest are driven conformal field theories (CFTs) which describe quantum many-body systems at criticality. In this paper, we develop both a spacetime and a quantum information geometry perspective on driven 2d CFTs. We show that for a large class of driving protocols the theories admit an alternative but equivalent formulation in terms of a CFT defined on a spacetime with a time-dependent metric. We prove this equivalence both in the operator formulation as well as in the path integral description of the theory. A complementary quantum information geometric perspective for driven 2d CFTs employs the so-called Bogoliubov-Kubo-Mori (BKM) metric, which is the counterpart of the Fisher metric of classical information theory, and which is obtained from a perturbative expansion of relative entropy. We compute the BKM metric for the universal sector of Virasoro excitations of a thermal state, which captures a large class of driving protocols, and find it to be a useful tool to classify and characterize different types of driving. For Möbius driving by the SL(2, ℝ) subgroup, the BKM metric becomes the hyperbolic metric on the disk. We show how the non-trivial dynamics of Floquet driven CFTs is encoded in the BKM geometry via Möbius transformations. This allows us to identify ergodic and non-ergodic regimes in the driving. We also explain how holographic driven CFTs are dual to driven BTZ black holes with evolving horizons. The deformation of the black hole horizon towards and away from the asymptotic boundary provides a holographic understanding of heating and cooling in Floquet CFTs.
Neutrino oscillation bounds on quantum decoherence
Authors: De Romeri Valentina , Giunti Carlo , Stuttard Thomas , Ternes Christoph A.
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We consider quantum-decoherence effects in neutrino oscillation data. Working in the open quantum system framework we adopt a phenomenological approach that allows to parameterize the energy dependence of the decoherence effects. We consider several phenomenological models. We analyze data from the reactor experiments RENO, Daya Bay and KamLAND and from the accelerator experiments NOvA, MINOS/MINOS+ and T2K. We obtain updated constraints on the decoherence parameters quantifying the strength of damping effects, which can be as low as Γij ≲ 8 × 10−27 GeV at 90% confidence level in some cases. We also present sensitivities for the future facilities DUNE and JUNO.
Making un/equal: reassessing inequality and mental health through a praxeographic approach on welfare categorization processes
Authors: Bister Milena D.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

In recent decades, Europe has seen a steady increase in psychiatric diagnoses, which, besides affecting the population in many ways, also challenges the organization of welfare. This paper explores how welfare classification processes impact the contemporary production of mental (ill) health and social inequality in the German welfare state.

Methods

Based on comprehensive ethnographic research in the public mental healthcare landscape in Berlin between 2011 and 2017, this paper discusses in detail the case of a mandatory prescription of a psychosocial rehabilitation measure for Ms Reisch, a psychiatric service user and ethnographic research partner. The analysis draws on the methodological approach of praxeography to examine how this case challenges the social determinants of mental health framework and the conceptual work of the sociology of inequality on which the categories of welfare are largely built.

Results

The paper highlights the essentializing properties of social categories, whether in the sociology of inequality or in social and mental health policy. It also demonstrates the strength of praxeography to expose how multiple welfare categorization processes shape experiences and events of dis/ability in practice, potentially contradicting the stated intentions of social policy.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the attachment of categories to people in public welfare needs to be changed to make public administration more flexible to responding to the situated processes that bring about differentiations of equal and unequal in practice. The paper, therefore, encourages social inquiry into the potentialities of a post-categorical social policy framework.
Revealed statistical consumer theory
Authors: Allen Roy , Dziewulski Paweł , Rehbeck John
Published: September 2023

We provide a microfoundation to use aggregates (e.g. mean purchases) to evaluate consumer choice data. We study statistical consumer theory where an individual maximizes a preference over distributions of bundles when constrained by a statistic of the distribution (e.g. mean expenditure). We show statistical consumer theory is observationally equivalent to an individual whose preferences depend only on the statistic of the distribution. This means that despite working with distributions, the empirical content of the model only depends on a finite-dimensional statistic. This approach generalizes random quasilinear utility with random income and mean-variance preferences.
Strichartz estimates for the half wave/Klein–Gordon and Dirac equations on compact manifolds without boundary
Authors: Cacciafesta Federico , Danesi Elena , Meng Long
Published: September 2023

In this paper we study Strichartz estimates for the half wave, the half Klein–Gordon and the Dirac Equations on compact manifolds without boundary, proving in particular for each of these flows local in time estimates both for the wave and Schrödinger admissible couples (in this latter case with an additional loss of regularity). The strategy for the proof is based on a refined version of the WKB approximation.
Homogeneous luminescent quantitation of cellular guanosine and adenosine triphosphates (GTP and ATP) using QT-LucGTP&ATP assay
Authors: Kopra Kari , Mahran Randa , Yli-Hollo Titta , Tabata Sho , Vuorinen Emmiliisa , Fujii Yuki , Vuorinen Iida , Ogawa-Iio Aki , Hirayama Akiyoshi , Soga Tomoyoshi , Sasaki Atsuo T. , Härmä Harri
Published: September 2023

Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are essential nucleic acid building blocks and serve as energy molecules for a wide range of cellular reactions. Cellular GTP concentration fluctuates independently of ATP and is significantly elevated in numerous cancers, contributing to malignancy. Quantitative measurement of ATP and GTP has become increasingly important to elucidate how concentration changes regulate cell function. Liquid chromatography–coupled mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and capillary electrophoresis-coupled MS (CE–MS) are powerful methods widely used for the identification and quantification of biological metabolites. However, these methods have limitations related to specialized instrumentation and expertise, low throughput, and high costs. Here, we introduce a novel quantitative method for GTP concentration monitoring (GTP-quenching resonance energy transfer (QRET)) in homogenous cellular extracts. CE–MS analysis along with pharmacological control of cellular GTP levels shows that GTP-QRET possesses high dynamic range and accuracy. Furthermore, we combined GTP-QRET with luciferase-based ATP detection, leading to a new technology, termed QT-LucGTP&ATP, enabling high-throughput compatible dual monitoring of cellular GTP and ATP in a homogenous fashion. Collectively, GTP-QRET and QT-LucGTP&ATP offer a unique, high-throughput opportunity to explore cellular energy metabolism, serving as a powerful platform for the development of novel therapeutics and extending its usability across a range of disciplines.

Graphical Abstract
An update and overview of the literature on late inflammatory reactions (LIRs) in soft tissue fillers after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination
Authors: Bachour Yara
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Soft tissue fillers are widely used and are commonly considered to be safe. Nonetheless, adverse events such as late inflammatory reactions (LIRs) are reported for every type of filler. As of the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, LIRs have been reported after SARS-CoV infection or vaccination. In the past, we reviewed these adverse events; however, since then, we faced a wave with the Omicron, and the vaccination programs continued with booster vaccines. We therefore aimed to perform an up-to-date review of the literature on LIRs after COVID-19 infection and vaccination with additional learned lessons from this pandemic.

Material and methods

We performed a systematic review on soft tissue filler-related LIRs after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in line with the PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies were searched in the database PubMed from 1 August 2021 until 1 June 2023. Data on patient characteristics, filler characteristics, clinical findings, and treatment options were retrieved.

Results

A total of 14 papers with in total 52 patients were reported, of which 16 had adverse events after a SARS-CoV-2 infection and 36 after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In most cases, it concerned females who had their (mostly temporary) fillers for cosmetic purposes. Symptoms were reported in a matter of hours up to weeks after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (22 Pfizer, 7 Moderna, 3 AstraZeneca, 3 Sputnik V, and one after Siophram), mostly after the first or second dose but sporadically after a third dose. Most patients were treated in a conservative manner.

Discussion

LIRs continue to be reported after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination and are currently also reported for non-mRNA vaccines, for non-temporary fillers, and also after a third dose of the vaccine. Although there are more and more papers on this matter, they remain minor and self-limiting. We therefore still advise patients with soft tissue fillers to remain participated in vaccination programs when needed.

Level of evidence: Not gradable.
Learning Curve for Thoracoscopic Individual Basilar Segmentectomy: 18‐Year Experience
Authors: Takamori Satoshi , Oizumi Hiroyuki , Suzuki Jun , Watanabe Hikaru , Sato Kaito , Shiono Satoshi , Sho Ri
Published: September 2023

Background

Thoracoscopic anatomical individual basilar segmentectomy remains challenging owing to the deep intraparenchymal location of the hilar structures and anatomical variations. We analyzed and reported the experience and progress of thoracoscopic anatomical individual basilar segmentectomy at our university hospital.

Methods

We retrospectively examined the patients who underwent anatomical basilar segmentectomy at our institution from January 2004 to December 2021. We divided our analysis period into two parts: the first period (2004–2012) was the introductory period of video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy, and the second period (2013–2021) was the maturity period of VATS segmentectomy. The learning curve of the leading surgeon in the second period was also evaluated based on the operative time and cumulative sum value of the operative time.

Results

Overall, 127 cases were evaluated, among whom 33 and 94 cases were assessed during the introductory and maturity periods of thoracoscopic segmentectomy, respectively. Age (P = 0.003) and Charlson comorbidity index (P = 0.002) were higher in the second period than in the first period. Use of a uniport (P = 0.006) was higher, and postoperative hospitalization duration (P =  < 0.001) and operative time (P = 0.024) were shorter in the second period than in the first period. A learning curve obtained during the maturity period showed: The inflection point for the learning curve of thoracoscopic basilar segmentectomy was reached after 42 cases.

Conclusions

We have demonstrated a single institution’s progress and learning curve for difficult segmentectomies. This may be helpful to institutions considering performing this surgery.
Intravenous or subcutaneous natalizumab in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: investigation on efficiency and savings—the EASIER study
Authors: Filippi Massimo , Grimaldi Luigi , Conte Antonella , Totaro Rocco , Valente Maria Rosaria , Malucchi Simona , Granella Franco , Cordioli Cinzia , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Zanetta Chiara , Perini Daria , Santoni Laura ,   the EASIER Study Working Group, Ziccone V. , Garba R. , Motta A. , Albanesi S. , Oddo O. , Impagliato A. , Ferrazzano G. , Di Rosa V. , Tartaglia M. , Di Vito A. , Galassi A. , Prota R. , Garbo R. , Del Negro I. , Nesi L. , Capobianco M. , Tsantes E. , Agosta R. , Valleri A. M. , Galuppini L. , Mascara S. , Bertocchi F. , Chiarini E. , Moccia M. , Puorro G.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

EASIER is a multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study investigating the consumption of healthcare resources, including healthcare professional (HCP) active working time, the costs associated with the current natalizumab intravenous (IV) administration, and the potential impact of the adoption of subcutaneous (SC) route.

Methods

The EASIER study has three parts: (1) time and motion study to measure healthcare resources and working time needed for natalizumab IV administration using a digital data collection tool operated directly by HCPs; (2) HCP structured questionnaire-based estimation of the potential impact of natalizumab SC vs. IV administration; and (3) patient survey on the burden of natalizumab administration.

Results

Nine Italian multiple sclerosis (MS) centers measured 404 IV natalizumab administration procedures and administered 26 HCP questionnaires and 297 patient questionnaires. Patients had a mean of 52 (range 1–176) previous IV administrations and spent a mean (median, IQR) of 152 (130, 94–184) minutes in the center per each IV procedure, with IV infusion covering 50% of the total. Including patient travel time, an average of 5 h was dedicated to each IV administration. Active working time by HCP amounted to 29 min per IV administration procedure, 70% of which by nursing staff.

With adoption of the SC route, HCPs estimated a 50% reduction in patient procedure time and 55% lower HCP active working time. This translated into a 63% cost reduction for the MS center per natalizumab administration procedure.

Conclusions

SC natalizumab administration will consistently reduce consumption of patient and HCP times per procedure and associated costs.
Stability of delaminated composite beams subjected to retarded periodic follower force
Authors: Szekrényes András
Published: September 2023

This work deals with the stability problem of elastic composite cantilever beams subjected to a delayed, periodically changing follower force. The equation of motion of the periodic system with time delay is deduced based on some previous works. Composite beams with and without delamination are considered, and the finite element method is applied to carry out the spatial discretization of the structures. Besides, for the delaminated case further two cases are involved. The first case is when the delamination is in the midplane of the beam, while the second case involves an asymmetrically placed delamination, respectively. The Floquet theory is applied to derive the transition matrix of the periodic system. An important aspect is that the time delay and the principal period of the dynamic force are equal to each other. The discretization over the time domain is performed by using the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind. Basically, there are five parameters governing the dynamic problem including among others the time delay and the static and dynamic forces. The stability behavior is shown for the intact and delaminated beams on the parameter planes for large number of cases by using the unit circle criteria. The presence and absence of structural damping is also analyzed in each case. The results indicate that some planes are sensitive to the mesh resolution, others are not. Moreover, on some planes significant differences may take place between the intact and delaminated beams from the standpoint of stable zones.
The role of potassium in depth profiling of the tumor border in bone-invasive oral cancer using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS): a pilot study
Authors: Winnand Philipp , Boernsen K. Olaf , Ooms Mark , Heitzer Marius , Lammert Matthias , Eschweiler Jörg , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Microscopic tumor spread beyond the macroscopically visible tumor mass in bone represents a major risk in surgical oncology, where the spatial complexity of bony resection margins cannot be countered with rapid bone analysis techniques. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has recently been introduced as a promising option for rapid bone analysis. The present study aimed to use LIBS-based depth profiling based on electrolyte disturbance tracking to evaluate the detection of microscopic tumor spread in bone.

Methods

After en bloc resection, the tumor-infiltrated mandible section of a patient’s segmental mandibulectomy specimen was natively investigated using LIBS. Spectral and electrolytic depth profiles were analyzed across 30 laser shots per laser spot position in healthy bone and at the tumor border. For the histological validation of the lasered positions, the mandibular section was marked with a thin separating disc.

Results

Solid calcium (Ca) from hydroxyapatite and soluble Ca from dissolved Ca can be reliably differentiated using LIBS and reflect the natural heterogeneity of healthy bone. Increased potassium (K) emission values in otherwise typically healthy bone spectra are the first spectral signs of tumorous bone invasion. LIBS-based depth profiles at the tumor border region can be used to track tumor-associated changes within the bone with shot accuracy based on the distribution of K.

Conclusion

Depth profiling using LIBS might enable the detection of microscopic tumor spread in bone. In the future, direct electrolyte tracking using LIBS should be applied to other intraoperative challenges in surgical oncology to advance rapid bone analysis by spectroscopic–optical techniques.
Assessing suffering of patients on cancer treatment and of those no longer treated using ESAS–Total Care (TC)
Authors: Miccinesi Guido , Ripamonti Carla , Leoni Silvia , Gandelli Monica , Di Pede Patricia , Visani Vania , Ambrosini Paolo , De Feo Giulia , Bellandi Laura , Toffolatti Luisa , Chelazzi Cosimo , Trinci Consuelo , Chiesi Francesca
Published: September 2023

Aim

The aim of the study was to assess the suffering of patients on oncologic treatment and of those no longer on treatment. Preliminarily, we aimed to confirm the psychometric properties of Edmonton Symptom Assessment System–Total Care (ESAS-TC) in different stages of the disease. The ESAS-TC screens physical and psychological symptoms, but also spiritual pain, discomfort deriving from financial problems associated with illness, and suffering related to social isolation.

Methods

A sample of consecutive advanced cancer patients on oncologic therapies treated at the Internistic and Geriatric Supportive Care Unit (IGSCU) of Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, and of terminal patients no longer on treatment and cared for by the Fondazione ANT palliative home care team were asked to fill the ESAS-TC. In order to strengthen the previous validation study of the ESAS-TC, 3-ULS (to assess social isolation), JSWBS (to assess spiritual well-being), COST-IT (to assess financial distress), and KPS (to assess functional status) were administered too.

Results

The questionnaires were self-reported by 108 patients on treatment (52% >60 years old, female 53%, and 61% with KPS 90–100) and by 94 home care patients (71% >60 years old, female 51%, and 68% with KPS 10–50). The sound psychometric characteristics of ESAS-TC were confirmed. Patients on treatment showed lower total ESAS-TC score (19.3 vs 52.7, p<.001) after controlling for age and functional status, and lower financial distress (p.<001). Financial distress, spiritual suffering, and social isolation, after controlling for age, showed a significantly higher score in home care patients.

Conclusions

Only through an adequate routine assessment with validated tools is it possible to detect total suffering, the “Total pain” of patients, and treat it through a multidisciplinary approach. The study confirms the reliability and validity of the Italian version of ESAS-TC and the importance of supportive and early palliative care fully integrated with oncological treatment.
Visualizations for universal deep-feature representations: survey and taxonomy
Authors: Skopal Tomáš , Peška Ladislav , Hoksza David , Sixtová Ivana , Bernhauer David
Published: September 2023

In data science and content-based retrieval, we find many domain-specific techniques that employ a data processing pipeline with two fundamental steps. First, data entities are represented by some visualizations, while in the second step, the visualizations are used with a machine learning model to extract deep features. Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) became the standard and reliable choice. The purpose of using DCNN is either a specific classification task or just a deep feature representation of visual data for additional processing (e.g., similarity search). Whereas the deep feature extraction is a domain-agnostic step in the pipeline (inference of an arbitrary visual input), the visualization design itself is domain-dependent and ad hoc for every use case. In this paper, we survey and analyze many instances of data visualizations used with deep learning models (mostly DCNN) for domain-specific tasks. Based on the analysis, we synthesize a taxonomy that provides a systematic overview of visualization techniques suitable for usage with the models. The aim of the taxonomy is to enable the future generalization of the visualization design process to become completely domain-agnostic, leading to the automation of the entire feature extraction pipeline. As the ultimate goal, such an automated pipeline could lead to universal deep feature data representations for content-based retrieval.
Stacking host resistance genes to control Globodera pallida populations with different virulence
Authors: Price James , Preedy Katharine , Young Vanessa , Todd Drummond , Blok Vivian C.
Published: September 2023

Potato Cyst Nematodes (PCN) are a globally important and economically extremely damaging potato pest. Chemical control has limited impact and cannot clear a field of PCN, but genetic resistance in potatoes is an effective and important part of natural management of PCN. There are two closely related species of PCN; Globodera rostochiensis against which the H1 resistance gene from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena (CPC 1673) has proven effective in Europe for several decades, and G. pallida for which potato varieties with resistance are also commercially available. However, G. pallida resistant genotypes are mainly limited to processing varieties and most varieties grown are still susceptible to the species. The limited number of suitable varieties with resistance against G. pallida has led to its spread throughout the UK and now infestations in Scottish seed land are threatening the future of potato seed production. Novel potato genotypes with resistance against G. pallida sometimes combine PCN resistances from more than one parental source. Multiplication of a panel of G. pallida populations which differ in virulence against host species were compared on recently developed breeding lines with single or stacked resistance genes. Potato genotypes with multiple resistance genes show reduced multiplication in G. pallida pathotypes that were able to overcome a single resistance gene.
Auction-Based Task Allocation and Motion Planning for Multi-Robot Systems with Human Supervision
Authors: Galati Giada , Primatesta Stefano , Rizzo Alessandro
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a task allocation strategy for a multi-robot system with a human supervisor. The multi-robot system consists of a team of heterogeneous robots with different capabilities that operate in a dynamic scenario that can change in the robots’ capabilities or in the operational requirements. The human supervisor can intervene in the operation scenario by approving the final plan before its execution or forcing a robot to execute a specific task. The proposed task allocation strategy leverages an auction-based method in combination with a sampling-based multi-goal motion planning. The latter is used to evaluate the costs of execution of tasks based on realistic features of paths. The proposed architecture enables the allocation of tasks accounting for priorities and precedence constraints, as well as the quick re-allocation of tasks after a dynamic perturbation occurs –a crucial feature when the human supervisor preempts the outcome of the algorithm and makes manual adjustments. An extensive simulation campaign in a rescue scenario validates our approach in dynamic scenarios comprising a sensor failure of a robot, a total failure of a robot, and a human-driven re-allocation. We highlight the benefits of the proposed multi-goal strategy by comparing it with single-goal motion planning strategies at the state of the art. Finally, we provide evidence for the system efficiency by demonstrating the powerful synergistic combination of the auction-based allocation and the multi-goal motion planning approach.
Cultural Identity and the Academic, Social, and Psychological Adjustment of Adolescents with Immigration Background
Authors: Baumert Jürgen , Becker Michael , Jansen Malte , Köller Olaf
Published: September 2023

As Western societies become more ethnically and culturally diverse, understanding the acculturation of immigrant youth is essential for fostering social cohesion. How the cultural identity formation of ethnic minority adolescents relates to their academic, social, and psychological adjustment is an important and as yet unresolved research question. This study examined to what extent identifying with the heritage and/or host culture is an individual resource or risk factor for the adjustment of immigrant youth in Germany. A random sample of 15–17-year-olds (N = 1992; Mage_w1 = 15.3 years, SD = 0.64; 44.5% girls; 44.7% students with immigrant background) was assessed twice: at the end of 9th and 10th grade. Academic performance and three dimensions of social/psychological adjustment (school attachment, self-esteem, and life satisfaction) were examined. Results showed that biculturalism was the modal identification pattern. Contrary to expectations, cultural identification did not differ systematically with perceived distance from the majority culture. Multivariate structural equation modeling revealed that both heritage and host identification can be developmental resources, but that their effects are dependent on the dimension of adjustment; biculturalism only proved to be a cumulative resource for school attachment. The domain specificity of the findings challenges the generalization claims of predominant acculturation theories.
Insectivorous bats in Indian rice fields respond to moonlight, temperature, and insect activity
Authors: Bhalla Iqbal Singh , Razgour Orly , Rigal François , Whittaker Robert J.
Published: September 2023

Context

Rice, India’s most widely grown crop, suffers substantial and increasing yield loss to insect pests. Insectivorous bats are known suppressors of insect pests, providing significant economic value to agricultural systems worldwide, yet their ecology in Indian agricultural landscapes is poorly understood.

Objectives

We assess the influence of key biotic and abiotic factors on the activity of insectivorous bats over the growing season and within a night in a rice cultivation landscape.

Methods

Passive acoustic recorders were used to track bat activity in a rice field in the Sonitpur district of Assam, India. We used generalised linear mixed models to analyse the effect of temperature, insect activity, and moonlight intensity on the activity of six bat sonotypes. We also used a multimodal analysis to describe the within-night activity patterns of these sonotypes.

Results

Minimum nightly temperature and moonlight intensity had a positive and negative influence, respectively, on the activity of six bat sonotypes, while the activity of four bat sonotypes increased with insect activity. Within-night activity showed one of two patterns: three sonotypes displayed a dusk peak in activity, while the three other sonotypes were active through the night.

Conclusion

The potential to maximise natural pest control in agricultural landscapes can only be realised through understanding the ecology of natural enemies in these landscapes. Our findings suggest that bats in rice fields are tracking insects over a season and within a night, pointing to a valuable ecosystem service in Indian agriculture that is yet to be quantified.
The regularization of Dotsenko–Fateev integrals
Authors: Sussman Ethan
Published: September 2023

We discuss the regularization of certain hypergeometric integrals appearing in 2D CFT, a step needed in the construction of the BPZ minimal models via the Coulomb gas formalism. The method is a generalization of Pochhammer’s regularization of the Euler Beta-function. The constructions of the relevant homology classes are inspired by a recent singular-geometric analysis of the Dotsenko–Fateev integrand.
Exploring the impact of an instructional web-based healthcare app for relieving back pain from spinal compression fractures: an observational study
Authors: Liao Pei-Hung , Chu William
Published: September 2023

With the expected rise of patients with osteoporosis-induced fractures, it has become increasingly urgent to design and use specialized health education materials to ease pain and improve bodily functions. This study designed web-based app for pain relief instructions for women with spinal compression fractures. An observational study was conducted at an educational hospital in northern Taiwan between October 2018 and September 2019. Using random assignment based on their presentation order, we divided patients into an experimental (n = 87) and control (n = 84) group. The experimental and control groups received web app healthcare instructions for relieving back pain and regular nursing care instructions, respectively. Taiwanese versions of the Brief Pain Inventory and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey were used to collect data. We collected patients’ pain rating data the day before, one month after, and three months after providing them with the instructions. Pain intensity differed significantly between the two groups, and it interacted with time. Pain impact did not significantly differ between groups; however, it interacted with time. Relieving back pain is a primary concern for those affected by it. This study presents a consistent, easy-to-use instructional healthcare web-based app that may provide knowledge of pain relief and reduce mobility impairments.

Trial registration

first registration on 18/05/2022, NCT05386212.
Are the invasive Acacia melanoxylon and Eucalyptus globulus drivers of other species invasion? Testing their allelochemical effects on germination
Authors: Riveiro Sheila F. , Cruz Óscar , Reyes Otilia
Published: September 2023

Many invasive alien species (IAS) produce secondary metabolites that affect how other plants function (allelopathic compounds) and can drive other species invasion, as proposed by the invasional meltdown hypothesis. Acacia melanoxylon and Eucalyptus globulus are two of such species. In this study, we analyzed the germination response of seven IAS (Acacia dealbata, Acacia mearnsii, Acacia melanoxylon, Acacia longifolia, Eucalyptus globulus, Paraserianthes lophantha, Phytolacca americana) and a native biotest species (Lactuca sativa) to the application of two different aqueous extracts at two different concentrations of donor species A. melanoxylon and E. globulus. Extract compounds were identified by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. Eucalyptus aqueous extracts significantly reduced germination in three species (A. dealbata, E. globulus, P. americana). The germination of all the species tested was reduced with acacia aqueous extracts. Our results support the postulates of the Biochemical Recognition Hypothesis in that seeds gauge establishment potential based on phytochemical release of other plants. Furthermore, A. melanoxylon and E. globulus lowered their own germination, suggesting that these species exhibit intraspecific biochemical recognition. We also found support for the Novel Weapons Hypothesis in the case of L. sativa as a native species. Our research shows that phytochemicals are a component of plant-plant interactions, including the invasion process.
Efficacy Comparison of Three Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Sources for Soybean Seed Treatment: Plasma Characteristics, Seed Properties, Germination
Authors: Ďurčányová Sandra , Slováková Ľudmila , Klas Matej , Tomeková Juliána , Ďurina Pavol , Stupavská Monika , Kováčik Dušan , Zahoranová Anna
Published: September 2023

Plasma seed treatment has proven to be a useful technique for improving germination, growth dynamics, as well as plant resistance. In this paper, we studied the efficacy of soybean seeds treatment using various sources of cold atmospheric pressure plasma generated in air. We compared three types of plasma treatments: direct treatment with plasma generated by a diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD), direct treatment with plasma generated by a multi-hollow surface dielectric barrier discharge, and indirect treatment using the gaseous products of plasma generated by an air plasma jet. The composition of plasma generated by each of the sources was analysed using optical emission spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Parameters of the plasma treatments have been optimized to improve soybean germination. Plasma-treated seeds were examined by the means of water contact angle, surface free energy and imbibition measurements, attenuated total reflectance FTIR (ATR-FTIR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses. Surface analysis by ATR-FTIR and XPS showed changes in the chemical bonds on the surface of the plasma-treated seeds, which led to an increase in wettability and imbibition. SEM analysis confirmed that the plasma treatment is non-invasive and does not cause changes in seed surface morphology. Among the studied sources, DCSBD proved to be the best suited for soybean seed treatment in terms of germination improvement as well as treatment time and energy efficiency.
A note on functional form specification in random coefficients stochastic frontier models
Authors: Skevas Ioannis
Published: September 2023

This study presents a random coefficients stochastic frontier model that can accommodate the flexible translog functional form without being computationally demanding and thus time consuming to estimate. This is achieved by restricting the second-order frontier parameters to be common to all firms. For comparison, random coefficients stochastic frontier models with Cobb–Douglas, semi-translog and translog specifications with all parameters being firm-specific are estimated. The models are applied to an unbalanced panel of German dairy farms, and Bayesian techniques are used for the estimation. The results suggest that the time needed for the sampler to complete in the proposed model reduces dramatically as opposed to a translog model where all parameters are firm-specific. The elasticities exhibit some differences, depending on the choice of functional form, whilst the efficiency scores are less affected. Bayes factors suggest that the proposed model fits the data best.
Preference-based measures of health-related quality of life in Indigenous people: a systematic review
Authors: Roy Lilla M. , Neill Aidan , Swampy Kristen , Auger Juliette , Campbell Sandra M. , Chatwood Susan , Al Sayah Fatima , Johnson Jeffrey A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

In many countries, there are calls to address health inequalities experienced by Indigenous people. Preference-based measures (PBMs) provide a measurement of health-related quality of life and can support resource allocation decisions. This review aimed to identify, summarize, and appraise the literature reporting the use and performance of PBMs with Indigenous people.

Methods

Eleven major databases were searched from inception to August 31, 2022. Records in English that (1) assessed any measurement property of PBMs, (2) directly elicited health preferences, (3) reported the development or translation of PBMs for Indigenous people, or (4) measured health-related quality of life (HRQL) using PBMs were included. Ethically engaged research with Indigenous people was considered as an element of methodological quality. Data was synthesized descriptively (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020205239).

Results

Of 3139 records identified, 81 were eligible, describing psychometric evaluation (n = 4), preference elicitation (n = 4), development (n = 4), translation (n = 2), and HRQL measurement (n = 71). 31 reported ethically engaged research. Reports originated primarily from Australia (n = 38), New Zealand (n = 20), USA (n = 9) and Canada (n = 6). Nearly all (n = 73) reported indirect, multi-attribute PBMs, the most common of which was the EQ-5D (n = 50).

Conclusion

A large number of recent publications from diverse disciplines report the use of PBMs with Indigenous people, despite little evidence on measurement properties in these populations. Understanding the measurement properties of PBMs with Indigenous people is important to better understand how these measures might, or might not, be used in policy and resource decisions affecting Indigenous people. (Funding: EuroQoL Research Foundation).
Design dimensions of corporate venture capital programs—a systematic literature review
Authors: Frey Philipp , Kanbach Dominik K.
Published: September 2023

There is a plethora of research on organisational design elements of corporate venture capital (CVC) programs. However, the fragmented nature of this vein of corporate venturing research has led to an inconsistent picture regarding the organisational design of CVC programs. The goal of this study is to provide a holistic picture for both scholars and practitioners by integrating empirical research on the design of CVC programs. Therefore, the study employs a systematic literature review approach including a sample of 41 studies published from 1987 to 2023. For a systematic assessment of design elements of CVC programs, an inductive concept development approach is used to illustrate four main design dimensions–personnel, corporate relationship management, investment operating model and portfolio relationship management–which reflect 69 descriptive design elements. While previous studies have mainly looked at individual design dimensions of CVC programs from a strategic perspective, this paper presents comprehensive view on organisational structures of CVC programs by identifying building blocks of CVC design according to chosen objectives and available typologies. By specifying and allocating design dimensions to structural types and objectives of CVC programs, this study may also serve as a foundation for further research on the concepts which prevent high rates of early abandonment of CVCs.
Associations of circulating GDF15 with combined cognitive frailty and depression in older adults of the MARK-AGE study
Authors: Kochlik Bastian , Herpich Catrin , Moreno-Villanueva María , Klaus Susanne , Müller-Werdan Ursula , Weinberger Birgit , Fiegl Simone , Toussaint Olivier , Debacq-Chainiaux Florence , Schön Christiane , Bernhard Jürgen , Breusing Nicolle , Gonos Efstathios S. , Franceschi Claudio , Capri Miriam , Sikora Ewa , Hervonen Antti , Hurme Mikko , Slagboom P. Eline , Dollé Martijn E. T. , Jansen Eugene , Grune Tilman , Bürkle Alexander , Norman Kristina
Published: September 2023

Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) might be involved in the development of cognitive frailty and depression. Therefore, we evaluated cross-sectional associations of plasma GDF15 with combined cognitive-frailty-and-depression in older (i.e. ≥ 55 years) and younger adults of the MARK-AGE study. In the present work, samples and data of MARK-AGE (“European study to establish bioMARKers of human AGEing“) participants (N = 2736) were analyzed. Cognitive frailty was determined by the global cognitive functioning score (GCF) and depression by the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS score). Adults were classified into three groups: (I) neither-cognitive-frailty-nor-depression, (II) either-cognitive-frailty-or-depression or (III) both-cognitive-frailty-and-depression. Cross-sectional associations were determined by unadjusted and by age, BMI, sex, comorbidities and hsCRP-adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses. Cognitive frailty, depression, age and GDF15 were significantly related within the whole study sample. High GDF15 levels were significantly associated with both-cognitive-frailty-and-depression (adjusted β = 0.177 [0.044 – 0.310], p = 0.009), and with low GCF scores and high SDS scores. High GDF15 concentrations and quartiles were significantly associated with higher odds to have both-cognitive-frailty-and-depression (adjusted odds ratio = 2.353 [1.267 – 4.372], p = 0.007; and adjusted odds ratio = 1.414 [1.025 – 1.951], p = 0.035, respectively) independent of age, BMI, sex, comorbidities and hsCRP. These associations remained significant when evaluating older adults. We conclude that plasma GDF15 concentrations are significantly associated with combined cognitive-frailty-and-depression status and, with cognitive frailty and depressive symptoms separately in old as well as young community-dwelling adults.
5′-O-methyl-14-hydroxyarmillane, a new armillane-type sesquiterpene from cultures of Guyanagaster necrorhiza
Authors: Pfütze Sebastian , Nedder Dana Leoni , Surup Frank , Stadler Marc
Published: September 2023

Protoilludene-type sesquiterpene aryl esters are a unique and very diverse compound class that were exclusively isolated from members of the genus Armillaria (Agaricomycetes, Physalacriaceae) up to this point. Herein, we describe the isolation and structural characterization of 5′-O-methyl-14-hydroxyarmillane (1), a new armillane-type derivative, that was obtained from submerged cultures of Guyanagaster necrorhiza (CBS 138623) together with the known congeners melleolide G (2), melleolide B (3), and 10-dehydroxy-melleolide B (4). ROESY data and coupling constants assigned the relative configurations of 1, while common absolute configurations were confirmed from comparison of its ECD spectrum to the one of 10-hydroxy-5′-methoxy-6′-chloroarmillane (5). Additionally, the configuration of melleolide G (2) was revised based on observed ROESY correlations. It is the first time that protoilludene-type sesquiterpene aryl esters were isolated from another genus, namely, Guyanagaster, that is closely related to Armillaria. 1–4 were evaluated for their biological activities in a serial dilution assay against several yeast, fungi, and bacteria, as well as in a cytotoxicity assay against different cell lines. Compound 4 was moderately active against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mucor hiemalis. Furthermore, 1, 3, and 4 showed weak cytotoxic effects against the mouse fibroblast cell line L929 and the cervix carcinoma cell line KB3.1.