bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Hypoxemia using Downes Score in Neonates with Respiratory Distress
Authors: Shrestha Sabina , Shrestha Sujit Kumar , Shrestha Gentle Sunder , Dhakal Madhu Sudhan
Published: October 2021

Respiratory distress in newborn is a common problem leading to hypoxemia. Pulse oximetry is the tool for measuring oxygen saturation noninvasively and blood gas analysis is the gold standard for oxygen monitoring. Downes score can be used as an alternative to assess respiratory distress clinically and determine the need of oxygen supplementation when these facilities are not available. This study was done to evaluate the validity of Downes score to assess hypoxemia in newborn with respiratory distress. This is a cross sectional descriptive study conducted from June 2020 to February 2021 in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital. Oxygen saturation of newborn with respiratory distress was measured by pulse oximetry. At the same time the neonate was assessed for respiratory distress clinically using Downes score. Downes score and oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry were compared. Hypoxemia was defined as oxygen saturation less than 90% in term/ post term newborn and less than 88% in preterm baby. Similarly, neonate was considered to be hypoxic when Downes score was ≥5. The accuracy of Downes score was assessed by its sensitivity and specificity in detecting hypoxemia. Altogether 121 neonates were included in the study. Sensitivity and specificity of Downes score of 5 was 94.12% and 93.10% respectively. In conclusion, Downes score can be used as a clinical diagnostic means for assessing hypoxemia in neonates with respiratory distress
Bifurcation of Common Carotid Artery in Relation to Vertebral Level in Nepalese: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Chalise Usha , Pradhan Allin , Lama Chhiring Palmu , Dhungel Shaligram
Published: October 2021

The principal arterial supply of the head and neck are the two Common Carotid Arteries (CCA), they ascend in the neck and each divides into two branches, the External Carotid Artery (ECA) supplying the exterior of the head, neck and the Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) supplying the cranial and orbital cavities. Atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries is a major cause of stroke and transient ischemic attack and it increases with age. The present study was observational based descriptive type, conducted to identify the CCA bifurcation in relation to cervical vertebral level. A total number of 18 cadavers (16 males and 2 females), right and left side of cadavers were studied by dissection method in the Department of Anatomy, NMCTH from February 2020 to February 2021. The ethical approval was taken from NMC- IRC (Ref no- 026-076/077). In present study the frequency of CCA bifurcation in sixteen male Nepalese cadavers (32 samples) on the right and left side was observed and found high level of bifurcation on 31.25% and 37.5% respectively and normal/ standard on the right and left on 68.75% and 62.5% and there were no findings of low bifurcation of CCA. In two female cadavers (4 observations) the level of bifurcation was same on both the side at the level of C3-C4. The Carotid artery injury is possible in different neurological and head and neck surgery. Therefore, the knowledge of variation in level of bifurcation of CCA in different population will be referential to reduce the iatrogenic injury.
Ophthalmic Causes of Headache among Patients Attending Tertiary Care Center in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Singh Pranisha , Mishal Anu , Sunarait Jay Sundar
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ophthalmic causes of headache among patients attending tertiary care hospital. This was a descriptive, cross sectional hospital-based study. One hundred and thirty-two patients with ocular cause of headache excluding primary headache and pediatrics patients during one year were included. Detail ocular examination was done including visual acuity, refraction, binocular vision assessment like convergence insufficiency and fusional insufficiency, anterior and posterior segment examination. Among headache patients, female was 106 (80.3%) and male was 26 (19.7%). The prevalence of headache in female was 6.9% and in male was 2%. Headache was more common in age group 18-29 (59.8%). The mean age of presentation was 29.9 ± 10.2 years (range 18-61 years). Out of 132 patients with headache, 104 (78.8%) had refractive error, 15 (11.4%) had fusional insufficiency, 6 (4.5%) had convergence insufficiency, 10 (7.6%) had anterior segment diseases and 5 (3.8%) had posterior segment diseases. Among refractive errors, both eyes astigmatism was the commonest 48 (36.5%) followed by both eyes simple myopia 44 (33.4 %) which was statistically significant with ocular headache (p=0.000). Ocular anomalies other than refractive error may coexist with headache complaints. Therefore, thorough ocular examination should be done in all patients suffering from headache.
Efficacy Study of Mifepristone in Pre-induction Cervical Ripening and Induction of Labour
Authors: Kayastha Sanita , Mainali Sunima , Subedi Ritu
Published: October 2021

This study was carried out to see the safety and efficacy of mifepristine as pre-induction cervical ripening agent along with misoprostol in induction of labour. It was a study done from January to June 2020 in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital. Total 120 patients were included in this study. Out of which, 60 women were be kept in test group who were induced by mifepristone and misoprostol and 60 women were kept in control group induced by misoprostol only. Patient characteristics, improvement of bishop score, maternal and neonatal outcome was recorded. Chi- square and T- Test were used to compare the result. Patient characteristics and the Bishop score at zero-hour of both the groups were similar. The mean bishop score 48 hours after use of mifepristine in test group was significantly increased in test group vs control group (P<0.0001). There were total 12(20%) patient who went in to labour with mifepristone only without the use of misoprostol. Total number of normal delivery was more (p value=0.003) and cesarean was less (p=0.013) in test group than in control group. The instrumental delivery in both test and control group were same. The adverse effect and neonatal outcome was similar in both the regime. Thus mifepristone as pre-induction cervical ripening agent is a safe and efficient drug
Global Early Childhood Caries: A Review of Literature
Authors: Shrestha Ashish , Hoang Ha , Gardner Suzanne , Pradhan Archana , Crocombe Leonard
Published: October 2021

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a major public health concern in the world. There is a high prevalence of ECC in developing countries. The review aimed to synthesise the published literature on the global prevalence of ECC and its associated factors. Researches conducted in Asian, European, American and African countries were included. The review included observational cross-sectional, case-control, cohort studies, and clinical trials. The ECC varies across countries and the continents. Several studies showed inequitable distribution of ECC within regions of a country. The result of this review provides global prevalence of ECC and associated risk factors. Despite the variation of prevalence of ECC, it remains a universal burden. Studies have demonstrated that even in developed countries, ECC represents a significant burden in preschool children. The S. mutans and , oral hygiene habits, breastfeeding and bottle feeding along with factors such as parental education are major risk factors for ECC. There have been limited studies conducted on ECC in Nepal.
FORAGING ACTIVITY OF MANAGED BEE POLLINATOR (Apis cerana indica) IN BITTER GOURD CROPPING SYSTEM IN INDIA
Authors: Kamatchı Muralı Narmadha , Pernamallur Ayyaswamı Saravanan , Govındasamy Umapathy , Muthusamy Velmurugan
Published: October 2021

Honey bees play an important role in crop pollination of bitter gourd flowers. An experiment was conducted at Coimbatore District to observe the foraging activity and pollination efficiency of Indian bee (A. cerana indica) in Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). The foraging activity and number of foragers/ flower/ min was recorded in male and female bitter gourd flower. Bitter gourd fruit set and yield was assessed under three conditions pollinator exclusion, bee pollination and open pollination. No. of foragers/ flower/ minute (abundance of pollinators) and floral handling time in seconds (foraging rate) of Indian bees recorded on male flower (0.88 bees) and (6.52 sec) was higher than in female flower (0.57 bees) and (3.61 sec) respectively. The peak foraging activity of A. cerana indica noticed between 08:00-10:00 hours with 1.2 foragers/ 5 mins. Pollination efficiency index of Indian bee was 747035.5. Foraging activity at the hive entrance was maximum at 08:00 to 10:00 hours. Colony growth parameter of A. cerana indica was increased 67.85% in respect of the sealed honey area and 15.07% in respect of the adult population. The results of pollination studies show, the number of fruits/plant (17.4 fruits) and fruit yield per hectare (41.13 t/ha) was higher in managed bee pollinated plot than to open pollination condition (16.2 fruits) and (37.25 t/ha) and no fruit set was recorded in pollination exclusion condition.
Methodology for the numerical solution of problems in relation to the coil-type electric heat exchangers for heating fuel
Authors: Krokhta G. M. , Khomchenko YE. N. , Usatykh N. A.
Published: October 2021

The specificity of the operating conditions of agricultural tractors in the agro-industrial complex requires the provision of reliable engine start at low ambient temperatures. Improving the starting qualities of a diesel engine and reducing incomplete combustion in the post-start period can be achieved by increasing the exergy of the air charge at the end of the compression stroke or increasing the exergy of the fuel injected into the combustion chamber. The purpose of the study is to reduce the expenditure of exergy for prestarting a diesel engine, improve starting qualities and reduce incomplete combustion in the post-start period.

To achieve this goal, the design of an electric heat exchanger was developed in the form of a coil from a high-pressure fuel line, into which a heating element is inserted. A method for calculating its main parameters was developed. Calculations showed that in order to ensure reliable start-up of a diesel engine in winter, it is necessary to heat the fuel in the nozzle to a temperature of 240 C in the thermal boost mode. A heater of about 98 Watts is required to reach this temperature within 270 seconds of priming. However, in order to maintain such a fuel temperature during the start-up process, it is necessary to make changes in the nozzle design in order to minimize heat losses into the walls of the fuel channel by applying a heat-insulating coating. With further engine operation in the post-start heating mode, the fuel temperature in the injector is reduced to 8595 C.
Ensuring the operating modes of the seeding apparatus specialized equipment
Authors: Kireev I. M. , Koval' Z. M. , Zimin F. A.
Published: October 2021

The subjects of the research are the process of sowing seeds with a seeding apparatus and the indicators of quality of their distribution in a row. The goal is to substantiate a rational technological process of distributing row crops seeds in a row with a pneumatic seeding apparatus. Special equipment was used in the system of ensuring the revolutions of the seeding disc, sucking seeds to its holes, pneumatic transport of seeds after separation from the opening of the seeding disc for contact interaction with the receiving platform of the sensor of the number of seeds and its settling in the collector. The novelty of the research lies in the use of an acoustic sensor for a single registration of the sowed seeds with a short time interval, which makes it possible to assess the quality of the operation of the sowing device by the standard deviation of seeds from a given seeding rate in their normal distribution in accordance with the law of numbers. The operating mode of the pneumatic seeding apparatus from specialized equipment as part of the test bench was carried out as an example of sowing sunflower seeds with a seeding rate of 3 seeds/linear meter for the conventional seeder speed of 9 km/h. The data obtained with different time intervals between the registered seeds in WAV format by the PTC Mathcad Prime software was represented by classical distributed seeds in graphical form and data in tabular form. The quality indicators of seeds for sowing and their class distribution in a row by rational operating modes of the seeding apparatus, assessed by specialized equipment when applying the law of large numbers, are the basis of scientific research on predicting the yield of row crops.
Intensification of the recovery of hydraulic equipment parts by iron in the electrolyte flow
Authors: Kisel' YU. E. , Simokhin S. P. , Murachev S. A.
Published: October 2021

The technology of bath-free ironing of parts in an electrolyte flow with simultaneous hydromechanical activation of the growing surface is proposed. Its advantages over the traditional type of coating are introduced. The structure, some physicomechanical and operational properties of iron coatings were studied depending on the electrolysis regimes and the composition of electrolytes. The possibility of high-speed electrodeposition of iron with a wide range of physical and mechanical properties is shown. There were shown the electrolysis modes, which make it possible to obtain high-quality strong-adhered pure-iron coatings with a wear resistance several times higher than hardened alloy steels and a precipitation growth rate tens of times higher than with traditional ironing. A typical technological process of parts ironing was developed. It was tested on the example of restoration of hydraulic valve spools of agricultural machinery. The design of an installation and an electrochemical cell for ironing the valve hydraulic distributors, providing optimal hydrodynamic conditions when applying coatings to worn surfaces, was proposed. Recommendations for the post-electrolysis treatment of restored parts by iron are given. Bench and field tests of hydraulic valves with remanufactured valves were carried out. They confirmed the results of laboratory studies, and showed that no malfunctions were identified during the operation period. Technical and economic calculations have shown the high efficiency of the proposed technology in comparison with traditional ironing. The introduction of the technology in production will reduce the production area and the time spent on restoring parts by increasing the productivity of the iron process and reducing the number of operations, reducing the cost of materials for preparing electrolytes by reducing the operation of anodic treatment and washing, and increasing the reliability of the technology by improving its structural scheme.
Study of the continuous mode of mixing feed components in a mixing plant
Authors: Solonshchikov P. N.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the problem of developing means that can increase the efficiency of mechanization of the process of preparing liquid feed in animal husbandry. Design bureaus, research and technological institutes for mechanization and electrification of agriculture have developed new progressive technologies, as well as kits, units, machines and apparatus for animal husbandry and fodder production. On the basis of this technique, complex mechanization of farms is being introduced and livestock complexes with industrial production technology are being created. But recently, the widespread use of domestic machines for the preparation of liquid feed mixtures has not been presented. Therefore, an experimental setup is proposed that combines three functions: a batcher, a pump and a mixer, which ultimately allows to obtain a mixture of good quality.

The article provides a program and research methodology for the installation. For this, a special stand has been developed, which makes it possible to determine the parameters of the mixture quality and the specific consumption of electrical energy. As a search for the optimal combination of factors for the optimization criteria: the degree of homogeneity and the specific consumption of electrical energy, plan 32 was chosen. Experimental studies have shown the range of supply of the installation at different speeds of rotation of the impeller shaft. Mixing studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the design of the plant and its components: dispenser, pump and mixer. With the help of experimental planning methods, the main factors influencing the mixing process are identified, and the optimal parameters of the mixture quality are determined. According to the studies carried out on the continuous introduction of components in an experimental installation for the preparation of liquid feed mixtures, we obtained that the optimal combinations of factors would be the water temperature t = 26...38 C and the rotation frequency n = 1500...1650 min1, while the degree of homogeneity reaches = 94,6 % and unit costs of electric energy Eel = 0,198 kWh/t.u. st.un.
Compliance and Etiquettes of Using Face Masks in Public during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Community-Based Survey from Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Fazal Mishaal , Khawar Talha , Raza Zawar , Maryam Laiba , Bilal Arshia , Burney Shamaila
Published: October 2021

Background: To determine the frequency of general public compliant to face mask and also to evaluate knowledge and practice of using face mask in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) and National Institute of Health (NIH) guidelines in our community.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was adopted. A sample of 190 people was recruited from public areas in Islamabad during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted over a period of two months between November and December 2020. Knowledge and etiquettes of face mask use were evaluated with the help of a self-developed questionnaire based on WHO and NIH guidelines. Statistical tests were applied to understand the association of knowledge with etiquettes and also to see the effects of demographic variables on them.
Results: This study revealed that one fourth of the sample population was not wearing face masks in public. More than half were not concerned about COVID-19 pandemic and only one third knew about the national policy related to face mask usage. Only one-tenth of the population wore the correct type of mask recommended for general public use (cloth mask). The participant’s performance in the etiquette aspect of using face mask was also poor.
Conclusion: The general public is unaware of Pakistan’s national policy on face masks. Although majority of the study population was compliant with wearing masks in public, results were unsatisfactory in terms of their etiquette. Effort is needed to increase the general public’s concern in value of using face mask and awareness about correct techniques.
Prevalence, impact, management practices and factors associated with dysmenorrhea among students of Akhtar Saeed Medical & Dental College Lahore
Authors: Maqbool Saadia , Manzoor Iram , Fatima Nidal , Tahir Saroosh , Shahid Hammad , Hanif Muhammad Usman , Haider Mohammad Ali , Tarar Noreen
Published: October 2021

Background: Dysmenorrhea is an important health issue of young adult females that badly affects their quality of life and academic performance. This study aimed to determine prevalence, impact, management practices and factors associated with dysmenorrhea among medical students.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Akhtar Saeed Medical & Dental College Lahore from August 2020 to December 2020. Using Cochran’s sample size calculator and rounding off, sample size of 400 female students was calculated. Convenience sampling technique was used. A self-constructed questionnaire was used which was designed after extensive literature search. Pain intensity was estimated using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data were entered and analyzed in SPSS version 23. Chi square test was applied to find association between variables. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results. Mean age of participants was 21.07 ± 2.58 years. Prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 79.5%. Statistically significant association was found between dysmenorrhea and participant’s age (p value=0.002),  marital status(p value=0.001), family income(p value=<0.001), age of menarche (p value=<0.001), days of  bleeding (p value=0.009) and regularity of cycle(p value=<0.001). Mostly participants used combinations of remedies. Rest was the most commonly used remedy to relieve pain.  Impact of dysmenorrhea included social withdrawal, inability to prepare for exam, difficulty in carrying out daily activities and absence from college.
Conclusion. Prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 79.5%. Statistically significant association was found between dysmenorrhea and participant age,  marital status, family income, age of menarche, days of  bleeding and regularity of cycle. Alone or together, taking rest was the most commonly used remedy to relieve pain. Dysmenorrhea negatively affected quality of life.
Exploring the Fundamental Risk Factors of Child Malnutrition: An Application of Proportional Odds Model (POM)
Authors: Ayyaz Rida , Meraj Muhammad Asad , Mustafa Fakhar
Published: October 2021

Background: This study was designed with the objective to evaluate the fundamental risk factors of malnutrition among children in Lahore city and its outskirts, Pakistan.
Methods: Data of four hundred and five children with age group less than 5 years was collected from Children hospital and Jinnah hospital, Lahore. We used weight-for-height anthropometric index, designed by World Health Organization (WHO), to measure the nutritional status of children. Preliminary analysis was performed by using Pearson Chi-square and Gamma statistics to check the association between factors (demographic, socio-economic and health related variables) and response variable i.e., nutritional status. Then, proportional odds model (POM) was fitted to the information collected.
Results: Of 405 children included in the study, 33% (135) were found malnourished, whereas, approximately 67% (270) were found nourished. Findings of the study revealed that child’s age, maternal education level, socio-economic status, maternal age at the birth of child, low birth spacing, status of antenatal-postnatal care, incomplete vaccinations, exclusive breastfeeding, prevalence of fever, cough and recurrent episodes of diarrhea were the significant risk factors of malnutrition. Prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) was turned out to be insignificant risk factor.  In this study, parallel lines assumption was satisfied and proportional odds model was fitted well with p-value greater than 5% level of significance.
Conclusion: This paper highlights the significant risk factors that are affecting the child’s health. Recognizing and understanding the identified risk factors would be very helpful in prevention of malnutrition in Pakistan.
Propuesta de uso de escenarios virtuales móviles como estrategia didáctica de Matemáticas Básicas para Sordos
Authors: Sánchez Orea Alfonso , Lagunes Barradas Virginia , Navarro Guerrero María de los Ángeles , Vargas Cerdán Dolores
Published: October 2021

El manejo de las matemáticas es una habilidad propia del cerebro y como todas las habilidades dependen más de cómo las percibimos que de las propias capacidades del individuo, utilizar un método de aprendizaje que permita la experimentación de operaciones matemáticas en escenarios virtuales con el fin de definir procesos mentales específicos sin importar dichas capacidades. El lenguaje no provee solamente un vocabulario, sino que es un componente básico en la formación de conceptos y procesos mentales, incluyendo al aprendizaje de las matemáticas; considerando que los sordos se comunican por medio del lenguaje de señas, la conceptualización de términos matemáticos por medio de dicho lenguaje pudiera ser un problema difícil de resolver. Los mayores retos en el desarrollo de software educativo para sordos, es que éste sea comprendido, aceptado y utilizado por estos usuarios, lo que conlleva a la utilización de una metodología pedagógica adecuada en conjunto con un diseño, en este caso, de un escenario virtual, totalmente centrado en este usuario.

The management of mathematics is a skill of the brain and as all abilities depend more on how we perceive them than on the individual's own abilities, use a learning method that allows the experimentation of mathematical operations in virtual scenarios in order to define Specific mental processes regardless of those capabilities. Language provides not only a vocabulary, but is a basic component in the formation of concepts and mental processes, including the learning of mathematics; Considering that the deaf are communicated through sign language, the conceptualization of mathematical terms through such language could be a difficult problem to solve. The major challenges in the development of educational software for the deaf are that it is understood, accepted and used by these users, which leads to the use of an appropriate pedagogical methodology in conjunction with a design, in this case, a virtual scenario. Totally focused on this user.
ÇCKNT Katkılı ve Katkısız CETP Kompozit Malzemelerin TIN Kaplamalı Zımba İle Delinmesinde Kesme Kuvveti Değişiminin İncelenmesi
Authors: Ceritbinmez Ferhat
Published: October 2021

Endüstride başta otomotiv ve beyaz eşya sektörlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan özdeş ve imalat sayısı yüksek olan metal, plastik ve kompozit malzemelerin delinmesinde saç metal kalıpları tercih edilmektedir. Gelişen teknoloji, artan üretim kapasitesi ve rekabet koşulları imalatçıları daha az maliyetle daha fazla üretim yapmaya ve üretim proseslerini iyileştirmeye teşvik etmektedir. Bu çalışmada ÇCKNT katkılı ve katkısız CETP kompozit malzemelere 0.025 mm, 0.10 mm, 0.15 mm kesme boşluğu bulunan kalıplarda kaplamasız ve TiN kaplamalı zımbalar ile delik delinerek kesme kuvveti değişimi incelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışma neticesinde TiN kaplamalı zımba kullanılarak yapılan delme işlemlerinde ihtiyaç duyulan ortalama kesme kuvveti’nin kaplamasız SBZ zımba kullanımına göre katkılı ve saf kompozitlerde sırası ile % 10.10 ve % 4.50 oranında azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca kalıp üzerinde bulunan kesme boşluğunun azalması ile kesme kuvveti ihtiyacının arttığı ölçülmüştür.
Çok Katlı Betonarme Binaların TBDY2018 Kapsamında Tasarlanması: 36 Katlı Bina Örneği
Authors: Alhusni Mahir , Garip Zehra Şule
Published: October 2021

Ülkemizde nüfus yoğunluğu genel olarak depremselliğin etkili olduğu bölgelerde görülmektedir. Günümüze kadar çok sayıda orta ve büyük şiddetli depremler meydana gelmiştir ve istenmeyen oranda can ve mal kayıpları yaşanmıştır. Bu nedenle deprem etkisine maruz kalacak olan betonarme binaların tasarımında yeterli dayanımın sağlanması ve bunun yanında ekonomi ve konforun da dikkate alınması gerekmektedir. Nüfus yoğunluğunun yüksek olduğu bölgelerde yatay mimarinin dikkate alınmasının ekonomik açıdan zorluk çıkarması nedeniyle dikey mimari tercih edilmektedir. TBDY2018 yönetmeliğine göre bu tarz yüksek binaların tasarımında özel esaslar yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada betonarme yüksek bir binanın yeterli dayanımı sağlayacak şekilde tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tasarım aşamasında uyulması gereken kuralların detaylandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu nedenle betonarme bina modeli ETABS2019 bilgisayar paket programı yardımıyla oluşturulmuş ve zaman tanım alanındaki doğrusal olmayan analizleri FNA (Fast Nonlinear Analysis) yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizlerden elde edilen veriler grafikler ve tablolar halinde sunulmuş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Tasarlanan betonarme bina modelinin yönetmelikte istenen kriterleri ve performans hedefini sağladığı görülmüştür. Çalışmanın bir sonraki aşamasında doğrudan integrasyon yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirme yapılacaktır.
Socially Responsible Funds and Traditional Energy Commodities: A Diversification Perspective for Investments
Authors: Rehman Mobeen Ur , Kashif Muhammad , Naifar Nader , Shahzad Syed Jawad Hussain
Published: October 2021

Our work examines the relationship between socially responsible funds and the traditional energy market over daily returns data ranging from December 2015 to April 2019. We apply quantile cross-spectral analysis to measure returns correlation under different market conditions in the short, medium, and long run to measure the connectedness between both markets. Our results highlight that correlation based on different quantile distributions yields different investment opportunities. In the short run, investors can benefit from diversifying assets under extreme market conditions. No significant diversification opportunities are available in the medium- and long-run periods. Our findings provide implications for individual investors making investments under different horizons and dynamic market conditions.
Structural Characterization of the RNA-Binding Protein SERBP1 Reveals Intrinsic Disorder and Atypical RNA Binding Modes
Authors: Baudin Antoine , Moreno-Romero Alma K. , Xu Xiaoping , Selig Emily E. , Penalva Luiz O. F. , Libich David S.
Published: October 2021

RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are essential for critical biological processes such as translation regulation and mRNA processing, and misfunctions of these proteins are associated with diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. SERBP1 (SERPINE1 mRNA Binding Protein 1) is an RBP that comprises two RG/RGG repeat regions yet lacks other recognizable RNA-binding motifs. It is involved in mRNA maturation, and translational regulation. It was initially identified as a hyaluronic acid binding protein, but recent studies have identified central roles for SERBP1 in brain function and development, especially neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. SERBP1 regulates One-carbon metabolism and epigenetic modification of histones, and increased SERBP1 expression in cancers such as leukemia, ovarian, prostate, liver and glioblastoma is correlated with poor patient outcomes. Despite these important regulatory roles for SERBP1, little is known about its structural and dynamic properties, nor about the molecular mechanisms governing its interaction with mRNA. Here, we define SERBP1 as an intrinsically disordered protein, containing highly conserved elements that were shown to be functionally important. The RNA binding activity of SERBP1 was explored using solution NMR and other biophysical techniques. The outcome of these experiments revealed that SERBP1 preferentially samples compact conformations including a central, stable α-helix and show that SERBP1 recognizes G-rich RNA sequences at the C-terminus involving the RGG box and neighboring residues. Despite the role in RNA recognition, the RGG boxes do not seem to stabilize the central helix and the central helix does not participate in RNA binding. Further, SERBP1 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation, mediated by salt and RNA, and both RGG boxes are necessary for the efficient formation of condensed phases. Together, these results provide a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of SERBP1 functions in physiological and pathological processes.
The Italian Version of the ALS Depression Inventory-12
Authors: Pain Debora , Aiello Edoardo Nicolò , Gallucci Marcello , Miglioretti Massimo , Mora Gabriele
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Depression is a comorbidity in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, its diagnosis is challenged by the co-occurrence of a similar frontotemporal (FT) behavioral symptom—i.e., apathy. Moreover, its psychometric evaluation is confounded by motor disabilities. This study aimed at investigating psychometric properties and feasibility of the ALS Depression Inventory (ADI-12), a self-report questionnaire set up for this issue—as measuring mood changes without referring to movement.

Methods: Eighty-five ALS patients were administered the ADI-12 and underwent cognitive (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE), quality of life (McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire, MQoL) and further anxiety/mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS) assessments. Reliability, validity, sensitivity, and specificity of the ADI-12 were explored.

Results: Principal component analyses revealed two related components—“Negative Mood and Lack of Energy” (ME) and “Anhedonia” (A). Both components and the inventory as a whole were internally consistent and highly related to HADS-D. ADI-12-total score was also associated with HADS-A. ADI-12 measures were inversely related to MQoL. ADI-12-total/sub-scales were not related to either MMSE or disease-related outcomes. Estimates of depression yielded by HADS-D and ADI-12 were 11.1 and 35.3%.

Discussion: The ADI-12 is a valid, reliable and usable feasibile tool to assess depression in Italian ALS patients independently from motor disabilities. Its interplay with psycho-social outcomes is in agreement with previous studies. The lack of association with cognition suggests that the ADI-12 is partially independent from FT spectrum disorders. The disagreement in depression rates between the ADI-12 and HADS-D suggests the need to ALS-specific mood scales.
High Expression of Complement Component C7 Indicates Poor Prognosis of Breast Cancer and Is Insensitive to Taxane-Anthracycline Chemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Huikun , Zhao Yawen , Liu Xiaoli , Fu Li , Gu Feng , Ma Yongjie
Published: October 2021

Background

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. However, the well-known biomarkers are not enough to meet the needs of precision medicine. Novel targets are desirable and highly valuable for improved patient survival. In this regard, we identified complement component C7 as one of the candidates based on data from the OCOMINE database.

Methods

C7 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 331 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), 45 cases of ductal carcinomain situ(DCIS), and 52 cases of non-neoplastic tissues adjacent to tumor. Then, C7 expression was further confirmed by Western blot analysis based on IDC specimens and non-neoplastic breast specimens. The relationship between the C7 expression and prognosis of breast cancer patients was analyzed in order to investigate the function of C7 in breast cancer patients. Meanwhile, we also analyzed the relationship between the C7 expression and prognosis of 149 patients treated with conventional TE (taxane and anthracycline)-based chemotherapy. Then, a cohort of patients (22 cases) treated with TE neoadjuvant chemotherapy was used to further confirm the relationship between the C7 expression and TE-based chemosensitivity.

Results

In our present study, we reported for the first time that C7 was an independent prognostic factor of breast cancer and C7 expression of IDC tissues was higher than non-neoplastic tissues adjacent to tumor and DCIS. In a cohort of 331 IDC patients, high expression of C7 indicated poor prognosis especially in the triple negative subtype and luminal B subtype. Furthermore, C7 was also a promoting factor for triple negative subtype patients to develop bone metastasis. Meanwhile, we provided the first evidence that patients with high C7 expression were insensitive to TE (taxane and anthracycline)-based chemotherapy by analyzing a cohort of 149 patients treated with TE-based chemotherapy and another cohort of 22 patients treated with TE neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusions

In summary, high expression of C7 may promote breast cancer development and might be insensitive to TE-based chemotherapy. Our present study laid a foundation to help clinicians improve the identification of patients for TE-based chemotherapy by C7 in the era of precision medicine.
Glycyrrhetinic Acid Protects α-Naphthylisothiocyanate- Induced Cholestasis Through Regulating Transporters, Inflammation and Apoptosis
Authors: Yan Miao , Guo Lin , Yang Yan , Zhang Bikui , Hou Zhenyan , Gao Yue , Gu Hongmei , Gong Hui
Published: October 2021

Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), the active metabolic product of Glycyrrhizin (GL) that is the main ingredient of licorice, was reported to protect against α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)- induced cholestasis. However, its protective mechanism remains unclear. In our work, the cholestatic liver injury in mice was caused by ANIT and GA was used for the treatment. We assessed cholestatic liver injury specific indexes, histopathological changes, bile acid transporters, inflammation and apoptosis. The results of liver biochemical index and histopathological examination showed that GA markedly attenuated ANIT-induced liver injury. Mechanism research suggested that GA could activate the expression of farnesoid x receptor (FXR) and its downstream bile acids transporters Na+/taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP), bile salt export pump (BSEP) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), as well as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream proteins MRP3, MRP4. These transporters play a vital role in mediating bile acid homeostasis in hepatocytes. Moreover, GA could significantly inhibit the ANIT-induced activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) inflammatory pathway and the increase of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentration in serum. Also, GA protected against ANIT-induced mitochondrial apoptosis by regulating the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 9. In conclusion, GA alleviates the hepatotoxicity caused by ANIT by regulating bile acids transporters, inflammation and apoptosis, which suggests that GA may be a potential therapeutic agent for cholestasis.
Goal Management Training and Computerized Cognitive Training in Depression—a 2-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hagen Bjørn Ingulfsvann , Stubberud Jan
Published: October 2021

Objective:Information on the long-term effects of cognitive remediation (CR) in major depressive disorder (MDD) is lacking. The present study reports 2-year follow-up data from a previously published randomized controlled trial (RCT) from our research group, comparing Goal Management Training (GMT), a strategy-based CR intervention, to drill-and-practice computerized cognitive training (CCT). In previous work, we found comparable improvements in executive function (EF), in addition to reductions in depressive symptoms, following both GMT and CCT at 6-month follow-up.

Methods:Forty-two participants of the RCT, all diagnosed with MDD, were invited to complete rating-scales pertaining daily-life EF, rumination, and depressive symptoms. Explorative analyses compared the 2-year follow-up with previously published baseline and 6-month follow-up data, using non-parametric statistics. Similarly, GMT and CCT were compared at the 2-year follow-up, and completers were compared with non-completers.

Results:Twenty participants completed the study. Overall, completers (n= 20) and non-completers (n= 22) were similar. There were no significant differences between GMT (n= 11) and CCT (n= 9) for any outcome 2 years post-treatment. Reduction compared to baseline in depressive symptoms and rumination, but not in daily-life EFs, emerged for GMT only.

Conclusions:Findings suggest long-term improvements in mental health following GMT, while improvements in everyday EFs might require additional treatment or maintenance to sustain. Caution is warranted in the interpretation due to the small sample size and high attrition rates.
Информационно-технологические средства управляемой эволюции
Authors: Палагин Александр Васильевич
Published: October 2021

Рассмотрены информационно-технологические средства управляемой эволюции как основы трансдисциплинарного подхода к построению научной картины мира с позиций ноосферной теории В.И.Вернадского и оценки сложности эволюционирующей системы. Ноосферная теория апеллирует к научной мысли, способной направить эволюционный процесс для создания гармоничного единства в системе «Человек — Природа». Она стала основой концепции устойчивого развития человеческого общества. Главная задача управляемой эволюции — построение Научной картины мира, что связано с решением сложных научных и практических проблем на основе единого взгляда на явления окружающего мира с позиций всестороннего учета всего множества факторов, влияющих на процесс эволюции. Теория трансдисциплинарности, формируемая сегодня на правах науки, может обеспечить решение этих проблем путем создания методов и средств междисциплинарного взаимодействия при формировании интегральных знаний. Примером такого взаимодействия есть целенаправленная конвергенция дисциплин и соответствующих им технологий и как результат — создание перспективных кластеров конвергенции. Наиболее известный сегодня NBIC — кластер (нано-био-информационно-когнитивные технологии). Один из важных постулатов трансдисциплинарности: знание законов природы единое и неделимое. Исследованы главные аспекты когнитивной эволюции, которая объединяет эволюцию механизма человеческого мышления (с доминированием логико-вербального типа) и совершенствование жизненного цикла конструктивных знаний и их использование. Проанализированы возможности современных когнитивных интеллектуальных технологий относительно создания консолидированного интеллекта, онтолого управляемого рынка знаний и национальной многоотраслевой управляющей системы, способной развиваться по типу ОГАС В.М. Глушко-во. В связи с этим сделан акцент на создание сервис-ориентированных систем опытного проектирования, способных адаптироваться на множестве классов задач, функционально и интеллектуально развиваться. подчеркнуто, что про-екция работы по общей теории эволюции на практические потребности Украины в плане стратегии ее устойчивого развития уместна и составляет отдельное весьма важное направление научных исследований и практических разработок с прикладным использованием результатов и положений, сформулированных в данной статье.
Numerical Simulation of Solar Air Heater using Paraffin Wax-Aluminum Compound as Phase Changing Material
Authors: Kumar Atul , Bhandari Prabhakar , Rawat K.S.
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a theoretical investigation of solar air heater using phase change material (PCM). PCM used in present configuration is homogenous mixture of paraffin wax with Aluminium powder. The purpose of using Aluminium powder with paraffin wax is to increase the thermal conductivity. PCM mixtures are encapsulated in cylinders and are used as solar absorbers. Using MATLAB program, the effect of different parameters is studied. It has been observed that with increase in mass flow rate, air outlet temperature decreases and freezing time of cylinder decreases. However, at constant mass flow rate, with increase in cylinder radius, air temperature decreases and while freezing time increase sharply. The different parameters have  to be chosen such that performance of solar air heater can be optimized.
Blockchain Technology Application: Authentication System in Digital Education
Authors: Amitkumar  , Sanni M. Ifran , Apriliasari Dwi
Published: October 2021

The application of technology in various aspects of life has made it easy for many people. However, there are also shortcomings in the use of technology, one of which is security issues, both transactions and data. Given these issues in this paper, we propose blockchain technology for an authentication system that will protect data rights and interests and be safe from interference to store information in the form of confidential text, especially in the application of technology in education. From this writing, there are 2 benefits, the first is that all data stored in the education system is guaranteed and there will be increased trust from both parents, teachers and other parties due to the decentralized nature of blockchain.
Influence of Post Covid Change In Consumer Behaviour of Millennials On Advertising Techniques and Practices
Authors: Rashi Prakriti , Ankur Singh Bist  , Ari Asmawati  , Mukti Budiarto  , Yustika Prihastiwi Wahyu
Published: October 2021

The pandemic caused by Covid 19 has kicked off survival strategies from vulnerable groups of people to small businesses, which has challenged the core operating practices and modified consumption patterns. Thus, effective marketing strategies are imperative in these times, that not only convey values of the brand but also resonate with people.  Market disruptions are most likely to impact millennials and Gen Z and given the exploration and spending propensity, millennials are most likely to drive demand during the pandemic as well as in the post pandemic world. This research proposal aims to explore how consumer habits have changed during pandemic, how likely these habits will stick in the post pandemic world and how advertising needs to be transformed which relates best with millennials. The methodology involves a detailed analysis of literature and gathering insights from social media sites through big data.  This research investigates the impact of avoiding deterministic automatisms purchasing processes, implying the need to understand, from an academic and conceptual standpoint, the utility of the set of business strategies to truly influence consumer purchasing behaviour of Millennials.
Exploration of Islamic Religious Learning Innovation Technology with the iLearning Approach
Authors: Haryani Hendriyati , Astriyani Erna , Devana Viola Tashya
Published: October 2021

The field of education has an important role for a country in producing high-quality young generations so that they can be responsible for advancing the country. This important role is in line with the function of education, which is to develop abilities and shape the character and civilization of a dignified nation in order to educate the nation's life. Seeing the importance of education for the nation's next generation, it is necessary to innovate quality learning methods from childhood education to education in lectures. In this study, it will focus on improving the quality of learning methods, especially in Islamic religious lessons with the approach ilearning -which has been intensively developed for several years. Researchers will explore learning application innovations with an assessment focus seen from the feasibility component of learning applications, with the resulting structure covering 4 factors: Parental control, contribution to development skill, efficiency and motivation.

 In this study, the assessment will be carried out by means of interviews in the form of a questionnaire to 100 data and the population calculation method, namely slovin, will be used in this study. The results of this study found an innovative learning application that meets the four assessment criteria. In this study, the dojo application has met 4 learning application assessment criteria by successfully occupying the first position in the four assessment categories. The assessment of parental control gets a percentage of 47%, the assessment of the role of skill development factors gets a percentage of 28%, the efficiency factor gets a percentage of 31% and the last assessment factor is the motivation factor where in the assessment of this factor the dojo application gets a percentage of 31%. Judging from this assessment, the dojo application can be stated as an application that is close to the learning application criteria in accordance with 4 (four) important factors in a learning application.