bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bathymetry Based Modeling of Subaxial Magma Flows Under the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 0 to 30° N
Authors: Tjoelker Adam , Van Kanegan Neil , Detmer Simon , Sparks C. Renee
Published: April 2024

Fracture patterns of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) provide evidence of tectonic forces related to divergence and magma upwelling at the ridge axis. In this study, we focus on the MAR from 0 to 30° N, where the N-S ridge exhibits slow spreading rates (2-4 cm/yr) and pronounced axial topography. Ridge segments and transform faults identified in bathymetry data were analyzed for strike orientation and axial depth profiles. Azimuths of transform faults and ridge segments exhibit increasing clockwise rotation with latitude, and all have left lateral displacement. Bathymetric sampling along ridge segments occurred at 9 km intervals with 20 km sampling radii, producing axial lithostatic pressure gradients. One-dimensional magma flows parallel to the ridge axis at 10 and 50 km depths were modeled using Darcy’s law based on published parameters and calculated gradients. Subaxial magma velocities of up to 4 cm/yr were predicted for horizontal flow at depth and are comparable in magnitude to upwelling rates in published literature. Average flow magnitudes (n = 422) within the melt generation region are predicted at 0.8 and 0.2 cm/yr for 10 and 50 km depths respectively. Flow velocities up to five times higher are expected with this model in the high-porosity boundary layer below the solidus. The Coriolis parameter would affect the movement of the flows predicted by our model and may be linked to rotational patterns observed at the MAR. Future research of magma migration below divergent margins would benefit from incorporating axial lithostatic load variations as a driver of flow.
Phronesis (Practical Wisdom) as the Key to Professional Ethics in Coaching
Authors: Kristjánsson Kristján
Published: April 2024

I understand coaching as a multi-faceted profession; and the theoretical assumption undergirding this short paper is that the professional ethics of coaching is best grounded in a general virtue ethical approach to the professional ethics, centered around the ideal of phronesis (practical wisdom) in an Aristotelian sense. For Aristotle (1985), we seek evidence not only in the theories of “the wise” but also the views of “the many.” I would thus be inclined to ground a virtue ethical approach to coaching empirically in the extensive research already conducted at the Jubilee Centre for Character and Virtues into various professionals, and to ground it theoretically in recent efforts to revive an Aristotelian concept of phronesis as excellence in ethical decision-making (see further in Kristjánsson, 2024).
Ethics Unveiled: Pioneering a Global Conversation in Coaching Ethics
Authors: Smith Wendy-Ann
Published: April 2024

WELCOME, readers, to the first edition of the Journal of Coaching Ethics (JoCE). To begin this journey let us look to where the unveiling of ethics globally all began. Early in the year 2021, with some insistence on my part David Clutterbuck and I decided to bring together a group of leading academics, representatives from coaching bodies and leading coaches from across the globe[1]. We aimed to ignite a conversation about elevating ethical thinking, fostering ethical conversations, and promoting ethical decision-making in coaching. So, from that virtual meeting late Wednesday night – early Thursday morning for some and early Wednesday morning for others April 2021, the seeds of a global conversation were planted, blossoming into a series of groundbreaking conferences and, ultimately, the birth of JoCE in 2023.
 
[1] Wendy-Ann Smith, David Clutterbuck, Angela Hill, Jonathan Passmore, Michael Cavanagh, Carol Kauffman, Pam McLean, Carrie Arnold, David Lane, Paul Stokes, Dumi Magadlela, Kristin Kelly, Peter Hawkins, Ioanna Iordanou, Ivan Young, Rachel Hawley, Robert Biswas-Diener, Lise Lewis, Terrence Maltbia, Jeff Hull & Victoria Leath
"Uden indre Logik": Organicisme, Neo-Riemannian Theory og Hilda Sehesteds Sange
Authors: Kirkegaard Thomas
Published: April 2024

Hilda Sehesteds sange blev i 1915 beskrevet som værende "uden indre Logik" og som manglende "den store Gestus", "det store Aandedrag" og "de store Linjer". Dette er en påstand som går igen i receptionen af mange kvindelige komponister - at de ikke kan skrive "logisk" og "sammenhængende". 

Formålet med nærværende artikel er tredelt: På den ene side ønsker jeg (i del I) at vise, at nedvurderingen af den kvindelige komponist er tæt forbundet med organicismeparadigmet – eller, sagt anderledes, at organicismeparadigmet i sig selv er kønnet. Når vi taler om de udfordringer, som har spændt ben for den historiske kvindelige komponist, må vi derfor både tale om kønsopfattelser og de værdisystemer, der ligger bag musikalske værdidomme – hvoraf organicisme er ét blandt flere væsentlige. På den anden side ønsker jeg (i del II) at foreslå en gentænkning af organicismen, som trods en belastet historie kan sætte ord på forskellige kvaliteter ved musik. Ved at inddrage analytiske tilgange, som er mere procesorienterede end dem, som lægger sig op ad de ”gamle” organicismer, kan man fremhæve nye sider af musikken. Det tredje delmål er at vise, at dette er særlig relevant i Sehesteds musik. Til dette formål introducerer jeg kort til den amerikanske teoriretning neo-Riemannian theory (del III), og jeg præsenterer tre korte analyser af tre Sehested-sange (del IV). De tre delmål er tilsammen en kritik og forslag til gentænkning af måden hvorpå værker ofte værdisættes på baggrund af mere eller mindre skjulte analytiske og musikæstetiske paradigmer med mere eller mindre skjulte kønnede slagsider.
Den danske sangskat – hvad er det?
Authors: Rishøj Line
Published: April 2024

En analyse af forskellige forståelser af begrebet ’den danske sangskat’ sat i relation til kanondannelse og kuratering i et forsøg på nærmere begrebsafklaring.
Examining the effects of the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) programme on sport-specific dispositional mindfulness, sport anxiety, and experiential acceptance in Martial Arts
Authors: Josefsson Torbjörn , Gustafsson Henrik , Robinson Paul , Cedenblad Magnus , Sievert Elin , Ivarsson Andreas
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study was to examine effects of the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) programme on sport-specific dispositional mindfulness, sport anxiety, and experiential acceptance, compared to an inactive control group, in a population of Martial Arts (MA) athletes. Twenty-three MA athletes were subjected to the MAC intervention, and 22 MA athletes comprised the control group. To analyse potential differences in the outcome variables between the two groups, Bayesian repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) was used. Findings showed that the MAC-group had greater increases over time in the sport-specific mindfulness subscales awareness and acceptance and acceptance, compared to the control group. In contrast, no interaction effects were found for present moment attention (AMQ), experiential acceptance (BEAQ), and sport anxiety (SAS-2). Overall, the present study adds further information and understanding about the effectiveness and implementation of the MAC programme.
Effects of Organisational Change Caused by The Covid-19 Pandemic Case Study: Logitrans
Authors: Fourar Haroune , Bouchetara Mehdi , Belaidi Ali , Mohammed Azizi Yasmine
Published: April 2024

This research delves into the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on organisational change within the logistics group Logitrans. Grounded in a comprehensive literature review, the study positions itself within a broader context of organisational changes during crises, employing qualitative research methods. Through semi-structured interviews with eight directors in the Logitrans COVID crisis unit, on-site observations, and document analysis, the study aims for a nuanced understanding of the organisational changes.Results highlight Logitrans’ achievement of financial stability and operational improvements through organisational transformation. The adept incorporation of remote work skills, fostering efficient task completion contributed to enhanced performance and heightened employee satisfaction. Beyond financial gains, the study emphasizes community building, trust, and elevated morale.Ultimately, Logitrans not only weathered the crisis but emerged resilient and prepared for future challenges. This study not only provides insights into Logitrans’ experience but also extracts generalizable lessons applicable to businesses post-COVID-19. By contextualizing findings within a broader landscape of pandemic-induced organisational changes, the study aims to offer actionable insights for effective navigation in post-crisis environments.
Problems and prospects of electronic scientific publishing "The Tale of Bygone Years"
Authors: Andreycheva Marianna Yur'evna
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the problems of developing electronic scientific publications of sources and creating electronic standards based on them. As a sample for such a publication, M. Yu. Andreicheva suggests turning to the "Tale of Bygone Years" – a narrative monument that, on the one hand, can best demonstrate the features of a whole complex of sources (chronicles), and on the other hand, has been studied well enough to show using his example, a detailed study of the linguistic, source study and textual capabilities of the created electronic publishing model. In his work, the author introduces the image of a portal dedicated to the electronic edition of the initial chronicle. The basis of the publication should be the hypertext of the Tale, that is, a text that includes a system of internal hyperlinks that make it possible to visually represent its lists, translations and original handwritten form, its stratification in textological stems, as well as textual and semantic intersections with other monuments of the era being studied. The electronic scientific publication of "The Tale of Bygone Years" will appear in the form of an open semantic network, the content of which will be updated as the monument is further studied. In the future, an indexed electronic scientific journal may be created on its basis, in which works devoted to the study of PVL and the history of Ancient Rus' will be published. Ultimately, electronic scientific publishing around the world has become a full-fledged scientific platform that takes the study of chronicle text to a new research and technological level. After creating a working model, it can be tested on other types of sources. The result of work on the project may be the creation of a designer for electronic publications of various levels (scientific, popular science, etc.).
Information potential of the database on the 1959 All-Union Population Census as a source for historical and demographic studies of the urban environment
Authors: Bondar Valerii Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this database is to create an electronic source that focuses on the socio-demographic characteristics of the Ural City based on materials from the All-Soviet Population Census of 1959, using the example of Arti, a town-type settlement in the Sverdlovsk Region. The selection of this particular object is due to its ability to record the transformation processes from a rural factory settlement to a town, against the backdrop of a relatively homogenous ethnosocial environment. The appeal to the original census materials is justified by their higher information content, as compared to published data that has undergone editing. The discovered Artinsky district archive file contains information on the town of Arti alone and represents a sample with an unclear formation process, similar in nature to a natural process. The study of methods for organizing and conducting a census indicates a relatively high level of reliability in its primary data. Historical and genetic methods, methods of source analysis, and mathematical statistics are used. A study of the distribution of data by gender and social groups, conducted using mathematical statistical methods in comparison to published data, allows us to conclude that the sample of materials formed from the census of Arti's urban-type settlement accurately reflects the properties of the entire population covered by the survey. The database created based on the materials of the 1959 All-Union Population Census is similar in content to the original source, with the addition of aggregated information about the composition and structure of families, as well as information about housing conditions. The features of both the source and database are focused, to a greater extent, on historical and demographic research, particularly family history. Due to its informative nature, the database can become a useful tool for researchers in this field.
"Perekovka" Newspaper of the White Sea-Baltic and Dmitrov Prison Camps: The Evolution of Prison Camp Press
Authors: Zingis Kristina Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2024

The study analyzes the evolution of camp press through the example of the newspaper "Perekovka," published within the Soviet penitentiary system. Based on content analysis, the author reveals how the press was used to attempt to instill ideas of re-education and "reforging" of prisoners, turning their labor into a tool for building a new state. The article emphasizes the multifaceted and deep propagandistic role of camp newspapers, considering them as a means of mass information aimed at forming new "homo soveticus". Researcher analyzes how the content of the newspaper changed over different periods, reflecting transformations of the Soviet leadership's view on the goals of the penitentiary system. The work is enriched with examples from archival materials. The research methodology includes the use of the computerized content analysis program MAXQDA 2024 for processing large volumes of text. This approach allows for both quantitative and qualitative analysis of texts, providing an extensive set of features for coding, quantitative lexical analysis, and data visualization. The scientific relevance of the work lies in the comprehensive analysis of the camp newspaper "Perekovka" as an instrument of ideological influence, re-education, and motivation in Soviet camps. The study applies computerized content analysis methods to the complete collection of this publication for the first time, enabling not only the study of the content and evolution of this publication but also a deeper understanding of the motives of the camp system's leadership and the transformation of their views over time. The results of the research contribute to historical science, expanding perceptions of the complexity and multifaceted nature of the work of penitentiary media in the USSR and introducing new sources for further work.
Teaching the basics of historical geography and geographic information systems at the Department of Historical Information Sciences (Faculty of History, Moscow State University)
Authors: Valetov Timur
Published: April 2024

The article describes the experience of teaching the course “Historical Geography and Geographic Information Systems” within the framework of the specialization “Historical Informatics” at the Department of Historical Informatic Science, Faculty of History, Moscow State University. We teach this discipline to third-year undergraduate students. The course includes several thematic blocks. The first one is devoted to Russian historical geography, and the main difficulty is to fit this voluminous course into several lessons and leave time for the remaining blocks. The second block is the basics of cartography, the history of cartography in Russia (that is, source studies of historical maps), and here we can also speak about electronic libraries of raster and vector historical maps of Russia. The third block is devoted to the substantive basics of spatial visualization. This block seems to be the most important: learning to use the proper software is an important, but it is the least constructive part of the research. It is more important to understand how to set tasks correctly and what complexities are typical to this type of visualization. Within this third block we examine both entertainment projects and research articles using historical maps. The last block of issues studied within the framework of the course is the basics of GIS software studying. We study QGIS here: it is officially freeware, cross-platform, it uses the wide-spread shapefile format, and it is well compatible with open Internet services, such as OpenStreetMap and the Google maps. Students learn to draw shapefiles upon raster maps, to attach data from spreadsheets to their vector maps and to create thematic maps, to transform the projections. We hope that our methodological experience will be useful to teachers.
Teaching students of Altai State University on the programs of the "Digital Department": the tutor's view
Authors: Shchetinina Anna Sergeevna
Published: April 2024

The subject of the study is the peculiarities of teaching students of the Institute of History and International Relations of Altai State University on the programs of the project "Digital Departments". A brief overview of the "Digital Department" of the specified university and the programs that it implements within the framework of this project is given. The features of teaching students in the programs of the "Digital Department" as representatives of the humanities are outlined. The topic is considered from the point of view of the tutor of students of the Institute of History and International Relations. In the course of direct work with students, the peculiarities of their choice of programs for obtaining additional IT competencies were revealed, as well as the difficulties and problems faced by students when mastering the selected programs were analyzed. The prospects for humanities students in the field of their application of IT competencies in the professional field are also presented. The research is based on the author's own experience as a tutor and includes an analysis of the results of practical work with students. The novelty of the research is due to the fact that the project "Digital Departments" itself, which has been implemented since 2022, is quite young, and at this stage of its implementation there is an accumulation of practical and methodological experience among participating universities. In this paper, the author describes the experience of two years of work as a tutor with students of the Institute of History and International Relations of the Altai State University studying at the programs of the digital department. The main conclusion is that these difficulties are typical for many universities participating in the Digital Department project, which are now on the way to finding the most optimal ways to overcome them. The new tasks set for the participating universities of the project open up interesting prospects for further training of students in the humanities.
Transformation of university history education against the backdrop of the digital era: academic and methodological seminar at Moscow State University
Authors: Borodkin Leonid
Published: April 2024

The article contains an analytical description of the main directions of work of the All-Russian academic and methodological seminar, which took place in January 2024 at the Faculty of History of Moscow State University and was oriented to the problems of digital transformation of university historical education, as well as the development of educational programs in the field of "Historical Information Science" and related program profiles. The seminar was organized by the Faculty of History of Moscow State University and the interregional association "History and Computing" (АИК). The purpose of the seminar was to discuss the current experience accumulated by historians of Russian universities in the use of digital technologies, data science methods and artificial intelligence in the educational process. Another direction of the seminar was the exchange of experience in the development of educational programs in the field of “Historical Information Science”. Other educational programs of similar profiles were also discussed, for example, “Applied Informatics in the Humanities” for bachelors. More than 80 university representatives from six countries took part in the seminar. A number of reports examined new formats of educational work that have been introduced in universities in recent years in the context of the digital transformation of higher education, including project activities of students, the work of a tutor in a digital department of a university, and the organization of a research and educational group based on scientific partnership between students and teachers. The article notes that during the seminar, noticeable interest was shown in organizing the educational process in the field of “Historical Information Science” using the example of the experience of the History Faculty of Moscow University over the past two decades. The second part of the article provides a brief description of MSU educational programs.
El impacto de la participación en las primarias simultáneas y opcionales en la votación del candidato de la coalición en la elección presidencial: evidencia del sistema de dos vueltas en Chile
Authors: Jofré Hugo , Navia Patricio
Published: April 2024

Objective/context: We assess the effect of turnout in multiparty-coalition presidential primaries on the electoral support for the primary winner in two-round presidential elections. Does holding presidential primaries have a positive impact on the vote share received by the primary winner and/or political party in the corresponding presidential election? Methodology: We use municipal-level data in the three election cycles (2013-2021) since adopting optional presidential primaries in Chile to estimate ordinary least squares (OLS) models and assess the effect of turnout in the primaries on vote share in the general election. Conclusions: We identify a positive association between turnout in the primaries and vote share for the coalition candidate in the presidential election, with a higher impact on the runoff than in the first round. Originality: As primaries mobilize more ideological voters, the effect of primary turnout is stronger in the runoff when voters are more likely to align along clearly defined ideological lines than in the first round when primary voters normally have more than one option that matches their ideological preferences.
Analizando las reglas del juego. Características y efectos de las elecciones primarias presidenciales en Honduras
Authors: Rodríguez Balmaceda Cecilia Graciela
Published: April 2024

Objective/Context: What characteristics does the presidential primary system adopt? And what are the effects of the primaries on the Honduran political system? Honduras is among the precursor countries in Latin America to adopt the primary system as a mechanism of internal democracy within party structures to select their presidential, legislative, and municipal candidates. Although parties are not obliged to use primaries to select their candidates, the law mandates it for those political groups that have more than one internal movement. Thus, over the years, after eight experiences—in some political parties—the system has become established. The objective of this work is to analyze the origin of the presidential primary system in Honduras, its characteristics, and its effects on the political system. Methodology: This involves analyzing all primary elections held since their adoption to the present. Conclusions: the evidence indicates that, while the primary election system has allowed for the resolution of internal conflicts within parties, it has also contributed to the consolidation of political clientelism in the country. Originality: this work provides tools for analyzing the process of selecting presidential candidates in a political context of low programmatic competition, clientelism, and high personalism.
Transmission enhancement effect of distributed Bragg reflector structure covered with metal grating
Authors: Guan Jian-Fei , Yu Xiao , Ding Guan-Tian , Chen Tao , Lu Yun-Qing ,   College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
Published: April 2024

In order to observe the extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) through a metal gratings, induced by Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs), a layered structure consisting of a distributed Bragg reflector covered with a one-dimensional metal grating is proposed in this work. When an incident light wave passes through DBR regime and impinges on the DBR-metal interface normally, the generation of TPPs and the resulting highly localized energy on the metal-DBR interface are simulated in detail by the finite element method. As a result, the surface plasmon polariton (SPPs) modes accommodated inside the slits of metal gratings can be excited more effectively by the enhanced electromagnetic field associated with TPPs located on the interface. Furthermore, the enhanced transmission of incident light waves in the structure can be achieved when the SPP mode inside the grating slits satisfies the Fabry-Perot (FP)-like resonance condition, which reveals that the EOT in this structure comes from a TPPs-FP hybrid resonance. This inference can be confirmed by the relationships between the central wavelength and the grating height for the two transmission peaks, and the magnetic field modal profiles associated with the two peaks. Quantitative effects of the slit width and duty cycle on the transmission peak of the metal grating are analyzed numerically, and the results demonstrate that when the period is determined, as the slits width increases, the two peak transmittances first increase and then decrease. On the other hand, when the slit widths are chosen to be 40 nm, 50 nm, and 60 nm respectively, the peak transmittance first increases and then decreases with the duty cycle increasing. Meanwhile, it is found that the center wavelengths of the transmission peaks are related to the duty cycle in a nearly linear manner for three slit widths, which can be used to flexibly adjust the center wavelength of extraordinary optical transmission.
Fetal influence on the human brain through the lifespan
Authors: Walhovd Kristine B , Krogsrud Stine K , Amlien Inge K , Sørensen Øystein , Wang Yunpeng , Bråthen Anne Cecilie S , Overbye Knut , Kransberg Jonas , Mowinckel Athanasia M , Magnussen Fredrik , Herud Martine , Håberg Asta K , Fjell Anders Martin , Vidal-Pineiro Didac
Published: April 2024

Human fetal development has been associated with brain health at later stages. It is unknown whether growth in utero, as indexed by birth weight (BW), relates consistently to lifespan brain characteristics and changes, and to what extent these influences are of a genetic or environmental nature. Here we show remarkably stable and lifelong positive associations between BW and cortical surface area and volume across and within developmental, aging and lifespan longitudinal samples (N = 5794, 4–82 y of age, w/386 monozygotic twins, followed for up to 8.3 y w/12,088 brain MRIs). In contrast, no consistent effect of BW on brain changes was observed. Partly environmental effects were indicated by analysis of twin BW discordance. In conclusion, the influence of prenatal growth on cortical topography is stable and reliable through the lifespan. This early-life factor appears to influence the brain by association of brain reserve, rather than brain maintenance. Thus, fetal influences appear omnipresent in the spacetime of the human brain throughout the human lifespan. Optimizing fetal growth may increase brain reserve for life, also in aging.
Chemotherapy activates inflammasomes to cause inflammation-associated bone loss
Authors: Wang Chun , Kaur Khushpreet , Xu Canxin , Abu-Amer Yousef , Mbalaviele Gabriel
Published: April 2024

Chemotherapy is a widely used treatment for a variety of solid and hematological malignancies. Despite its success in improving the survival rate of cancer patients, chemotherapy causes significant toxicity to multiple organs, including the skeleton, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Using tumor-free mouse models, which are commonly used to assess direct off-target effects of anti-neoplastic therapies, we found that doxorubicin caused massive bone loss in wild-type mice, a phenotype associated with increased number of osteoclasts, leukopenia, elevated serum levels of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs; e.g. cell-free DNA and ATP) and cytokines (e.g. IL-1β and IL-18). Accordingly, doxorubicin activated the absent in melanoma (AIM2) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes in macrophages and neutrophils, causing inflammatory cell death pyroptosis and NETosis, which correlated with its leukopenic effects. Moreover, the effects of this chemotherapeutic agent on cytokine secretion, cell demise, and bone loss were attenuated to various extent in conditions of AIM2 and/or NLRP3 insufficiency. Thus, we found that inflammasomes are key players in bone loss caused by doxorubicin, a finding that may inspire the development of a tailored adjuvant therapy that preserves the quality of this tissue in patients treated with this class of drugs.
Cardiac afferent signals can facilitate visual dominance in binocular rivalry
Authors: Veillette John P , Gao Fan , Nusbaum Howard C
Published: April 2024

Sensory signals from the body’s visceral organs (e.g. the heart) can robustly influence the perception of exteroceptive sensations. This interoceptive–exteroceptive interaction has been argued to underlie self-awareness by situating one’s perceptual awareness of exteroceptive stimuli in the context of one’s internal state, but studies probing cardiac influences on visual awareness have yielded conflicting findings. In this study, we presented separate grating stimuli to each of subjects’ eyes as in a classic binocular rivalry paradigm – measuring the duration for which each stimulus dominates in perception. However, we caused the gratings to ‘pulse’ at specific times relative to subjects’ real-time electrocardiogram, manipulating whether pulses occurred during cardiac systole, when baroreceptors signal to the brain that the heart has contracted, or in diastole when baroreceptors are silent. The influential ‘Baroreceptor Hypothesis’ predicts the effect of baroreceptive input on visual perception should be uniformly suppressive. In contrast, we observed that dominance durations increased for systole-entrained stimuli, inconsistent with the Baroreceptor Hypothesis. Furthermore, we show that this cardiac-dependent rivalry effect is preserved in subjects who are at-chance discriminating between systole-entrained and diastole-presented stimuli in a separate interoceptive awareness task, suggesting that our results are not dependent on conscious access to heartbeat sensations.
Comparison of Shear Bond Strength, Adhesive Remnant and Precision Fit between Conventional Lingual Retainers and Customised CAD/CAM Fabricated Lingual Retainers: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Sohail B Mohamed , Jnaneshwar Poornima R , Srinivasan Dilip , Kannan Ravi
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Fixed lingual bonded retainers offer the comfort of aesthetics and reduced tissue irritation after orthodontic treatment but are wrought with frequent bond failures. Numerous techniques have been used to adapt the retainer to the lingual surface of the lower anterior teeth, but research on customised lower lingual retainers is scarce. Aim: To evaluate and compare the Shear Bond Strength (SBS), Adhesive Remnant Index scores (ARI), and precision fit of a novel Computer-aided Designing-Computer-aided Machining/ Manufacturing (CAD-CAM) fabricated retainer and conventional retainers. Materials and Methods: This invitro study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics, and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai-89 from June 2022 to February 2023. It included a total of 360 human mandibular anterior teeth were collected and embedded in acrylic blocks in groups of six to simulate the mandibular anterior arch form. A total of 60 retainers made of braided Stainless Steel (SS) wires, co-axial wires, customised through CAD/CAM technology were evaluated. The retainers were bonded to the lingual aspect of the teeth using composite resin. A universal testing machine was used for testing SBS. Precision fit was observed using Exocad software. Statistical analysis included one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for SBS, Kruskal-Wallis for ARI score, and Mann-Whitney U test for precision fit. Results: The CAD-CAM retainers had a more precise fit when compared to conventional retainers (p=0.009). SBS was highest for CAD-CAM fabricated retainer and lowest in the co-axial retainer, and this finding was statistically significant (p<0.001). The CAD-CAM retainer had the highest mean rank in ARI scores (33.90) when compared to braided SS and co-axial wire. Conclusion: The CAD-CAM fabricated retainers would be more effective clinically, as higher bond strength due to precise fit would reduce the failure rate, thus preventing relapse and minimising chairside time.
Histological Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Four Decalcifying Solutions on Teeth and Bone in Rats: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Hadi Rusul J , Azzawi Areej Salim Al- , Kamil Nawar Bahjet , Arora Suraj , Ghaban Nada MH AL- , Obaid Dina H
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Intense histological research has been conducted on human bone and teeth for a long period of time. Histological evaluation of these highly mineralised tissues demands a thorough decalcification process using different chemical agents, which might alter some aspects of tissue architecture and staining properties. Aim: To assess the impact of four decalcifying agents on rat teeth and bone, focusing on the rate of decalcification, staining effectiveness, and tissue structure preservation. Materials and Methods: An in-vitro animal study was conducted in the Department of Oral Diagnosis at the College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Bab Almoaadim, Baghdad, Iraq from October 2022 to March 2023. Four decalcification agents, namely 10% Neutral Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA), 10% formic acid, 3% nitric acid, and 5% nitric acid, were used to decalcify 24 molar teeth with their surrounding alveolar bone obtained from healthy male rats, which were randomly divided into four groups, each group consisting of six teeth. The decalcified sections underwent regular processing, and staining was performed using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). Grading was conducted after two separate observers examined the stained sections under a light microscope. Data were presented using Mean±Standard Deviation (SD), number, and percentage. A one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (F-test) was used to compare the decalcification times within groups. Several group comparisons, including categorical data, were examined using the Chi-square test. Results: Nitric acids (3% and 5%) exhibited the fastest decalcification with a mean value of (2±0.89) days, while Formic acid required (3.5±0.54) days, and EDTA was the slowest, with (19±1.09) days. These differences in decalcification time were found to be statistically significant (p<0.00001). Formic acid 10% demonstrated superior tissue preservation and staining quality, with excellent staining results, minimal dentin-pulp separation, and preservation of pulp zones, cementum, and osteoblasts. In contrast, nitric acid 5% resulted in severe dentinpulp separation, absence of pulp zones, absence of osteoblast, and significant osteocyte retraction. Statistical significance was observed across all agents for dentin-pulp separation, pulp organisation, cementum destruction, Periodontal Ligament (PDL) separation, and osteocyte retraction (p-values of 0.004, 0.02, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: Consequently, 10% formic acid emerged as the most efficient decalcifying solution, ensuring rapid decalcification with favourable staining intensity and tissue architecture.
«Королю никогда не следует вступать в бой»: вопрос о личном участии правителя в сражении в произведениях Кристины де Пизан
Authors: Ерназаров К. Ф.
Published: April 2024

Изучение фигуры военачальника в Средние века представляет комплексную проблему. Один из аспектов этой проблема: - вопрос о личном участии правителя в сражении. Статья посвящена рассмотрению данного вопроса в произведениях французской писательницы Кристина: де Пизан (1364 - ок. 1430). Традиционно исследователи считают, что в позднесредневековой Франции господствовал образ воинственного государя - рыцаря, участвующего в кампаниях и битвах. На материале «Книги о ратных свершениях и о рыцарстве» (1410 г) и других трактатов прослеживаются представления Кристины де Пизан о «несражающемся» государе. В статье исследуются пути формирования этого образа, соотношение точки зрения сочинительницы с предшествующими представлениями и современной ей культурной традицией, влияние этих идей на развитие военного дела и на становление нового образа правителя.
«Как скажем, так и было»: чешское историописание в книге Г.П. Мельникова «Чешская общественно-историческая мысль в средние века и раннее новое время». Размышления читателя
Authors: Гусарова Т.П.
Published: April 2024

Вышедшая недавно в свет монография Г.П. Мельникова посвящена почти не исследованной в отечественной медиевистике теме истории чешской общественно-исторической мысли в Средние века и раннее Новое время. Автора отличает оригинальный подход: он последовательно, по главам, в хронологическом порядке рассматривает основные концепты, созданные хронистами Чехии и касающиеся прошлого чешского народа и государства - в том виде, в котором их отразили эти хронисты, описывая или придумывая события далекой и близкой местной истории. И хотя исследователь не ставит своей задачей критику исторической достоверности этих идей, он воссоздает «оптику» и политический смысл построений хронистов XII-XVII вв. В результате из материала разных эпох Г.П. Мельников выделил стержневые проблемы, наиболее очевидные в произведениях богемских интеллектуалов: взаимоотношения верховной власти и общества; сохранение чешской идентичности и идея богоизбранности чехов, проявившаяся в осмыслении их этногенеза и становления государственности у этого народа. В качестве инструментария при изучении этих проблем исследователь обозначил ряд важных, характеризующих чешское общественное и национальное сознание идеологем, сформулированных в течение веков местной хронистикой. Среди них - этногенез чехов, возникновение у них государственности, правитель и народ и т.д., часто заключенные, как того требовало время, в религиозную и мифологическую оболочку. Автор на многих примерах показьшает, как созданные исторические идеологемы транслировались хронистами на современную им действительность. Книга Г.П. Мельникова дает исследователям истории соседних с Чехией стран богатый материал для сравнения.
Кирюхин Д.В. Триумф первых Тюдоров: репрезентация королевской власти в культурной и интеллектуальной жизни английского двора 1485-1533 гг. М.; СПб.: Петроглиф, Центр гуманитарных инициатив, 2022. 307 с. (Mediaevalia: Series Minor)
Authors: Домнина Екатерина Геннадьевна
Published: April 2024

В рецензируемой монографии рассматриваются различные практики репрезентации королевской власти Генриха VII и Генриха VIII Тюдоров с 1485 по 1533 г. Автор освещает роль английских и уэльских мифов в формировании генеалогии, геральдики и династических символов первых Тюдоров, анализирует образы их сподвижников и противников в сочинениях Бернара Андре и Полидора Вергилия, ставит вопрос о роли придворных праздников в королевской репрезентации первых Тюдоров, обращается к иконографии Генриха VII и Генриха VIII, предлагает свою интерпретацию ряда поэтических произведений и нескольких писем представителей тюдоровской династии. Рецензент сомневается в возможности качественного изучения столь широкого круга вопросов в рамках одного исследования на избранном автором материале источников. Выявленные рецензентом недостатки работы -неравномерное освещение заявленной проблематики применительно к правлениям Генриха VII и Генриха VIII, незнание автором части важной для него историографии, упрощенное понимание исторических процессов, а также проблемы с техническим оформлением текста - не позволяют рецензенту высоко оценить эту работу.
Конференция «Эпоха уний: политические союзы в Европе XIV-XVI веков»
Authors: Цатурова С.К.
Published: April 2024

В Институте всеобщей истории РАН 28-29 июня 2023 г. прошла всероссийская научная конференция, организованная Отделом западноевропейского Средневековья и раннего Нового времени и посвященная различным униям и политическим союзам в Европе в Средние века и раннее Новое время. Доклады и дискуссии показали актуальность и научную перспективность предложенной тематики.
Конференция «Власть и правосудие в Европе в средние века и раннее новое время: институты, идеи, практики»
Authors: Цатурова С.К.
Published: April 2024

10-11 октября 2023 г. в Москве состоялась конференция, организованная совместно Отделом западноевропейского Средневековья и раннего Нового времени Института всеобщей истории РАН, кафедрой истории Средних веков Исторического факультета МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова и Научной группой «Власть и общество». Темой конференции было избрано правосудие как неотъемлемый атрибут власти в Средние века.
International Markets’ Segmentation, Marketing and Performance: A BCG Matrix Approach
Authors: Umema Fikeresiyon Fekede , Japee Gurudutta Pradeep
Published: April 2024

Aims: In today's economy, which is very competitive, strategic management models are used more often to solve business problems by evaluating the current situation and helping to make successful national strategic plans. From this currently, the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix, one of the most well-known tools for strategic planning, is used to evaluate a company's products to help with long-term strategic planning. It assists businesses in finding fresh development prospects and selecting their future investment strategy. This study intends to investigate international markets’ segmentation, marketing and performance of Ethiopian coffee industry using a BCG matrix approach.
Objectives: In this regard, the study has two objectives. First, evaluate Ethiopian coffee industry and its export performance. Second, segment Ethiopian coffee's international markets and assess market attractiveness using the BCG matrix's market share and growth approach.
Methods: The matrix was utilized to examine Ethiopia's coffee export market and the top twenty Ethiopian coffee export destinations with the highest average values over the last six years (2016–2021) were selected from more than sixty countries. The export values extracted from International Trade Center (ITC) database. An explanatory approach was used in this study. In addition to primary data from semi-structured interviews, sales figures and market share from written documents were used as secondary data.
Results: The outcome suggests that Ethiopian coffee destinations are segmented in international markets using a BCG matrix approach, which assists coffee exporters in deciding whether to finance through investments or be liquidated to free up funds with little potential for use elsewhere.
Conclusion: Ethiopian coffee exports have shown growth globally over six years, though dipped in 2018. Germany, USA, Japan, Belgium, and South Korea are top five destinations among the top twenty for Ethiopian coffee export destinations based on an average of six years' worth of export value.
Mycological Assessment of Selected Swimming Pools of Recreational Centers around the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Onyemachi Joseph C. , Eruteya Onoriode C.
Published: April 2024

Aims: This study was carried out to determine the physicochemical properties and mycological safety of four swimming pools within and around the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Study Design:  Random sampling design was employed.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology Laboratory, University of Port Harcourt, between August and October, 2023.
Methodology: A total of 8 samples were collected before and after patronage by patrons from 4 swimming pool. Standard methods were employed for the physicochemical parameters such as pH, turbidity and residual chlorine as well as the enumeration for fungi using potato dextrose agar.
Results: The pH values ranged from 4.50 to 10.00. The Nephelometric Turbidity Unit ranged from 0.45 to 0.90 NTU while the residual chlorine ranged from 0.36 to 355.00 mg/l. The fungal counts ranged from 1 to 9 cfu/ml, while the isolated species on the basis of cultural morphology and microscopic characteristics were identified as species of Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Histoplasma, Rhodotorula, Microsporium and Trichophyton.
Conclusion: This study has revealed a potential health risk associated with the use of water of the examined recreational facilities due to none compliance with the WHO standard of < 1 cfu/100ml for fungal and the other parameters, suggesting a public health concern and need for effective interventions.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Cocoa Pod Husk Dumpsites in Etung Cocoa Farms Nigeria
Authors: M. A. Kekong. , P. A. Eju,
Published: April 2024

Assessment of some physical and chemical properties of cocoa pod husk dumpsites in Etung, Nigeria, was carried out to ascertain the particle size distribution, nutrients, and some soil fertility indices. Five cocoa-growing communities were purposely selected for sampling. Soil samples were collected at 0–25 cm and 25–50 cm in each cocoa farm dumpsite and non-dumpsites in the cocoa plantations. A total of 20 samples were collected, processed, and subjected to standard laboratory analysis. The results obtained indicated that there was no difference in soil textural classes between dumpsites and non-dumpsites on the plantations. pH in dumpsites ranged from 4.2 to 6.0, and plantation soils ranged from 3.9 to 5.6 Electrical conductivity. Surface dumpsite soils ranged from 0.0068 to 0.941 ds/m, and plantation soils ranged from 0.084 to 0.0816 ds/m. Total N in dumpsites ranged from 1.14–1.98% and 0.73–1.08% in plantation soils. P in dumpsites ranged from 9.61 to 13.42 mg/kg and 5.98 to 11.34 mg/kg in plantation soils. Exchange cations were higher in dumpsites than plantation soils. The students T-test (t-0.05) showed significantly higher pH, N, P, organic C, and CEC in dumpsite sites than plantation soils and significantly higher surface than subsurface soil depth. Though nutrient levels were higher in cocoa pod husk dumpsites, the levels were within the sufficiency threshold levels. The higher organic carbon content of cocoa pod husk dumpsites is an indicator of higher soil organic matter content for good sorption and retention of both macro- and micro-cationic nutrients to prevent their excess release that could degrade the soils.