bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racial differences and geographic variations in oral anticoagulation treatment among Medicare patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Jackson Larry R. , Kang Amiee , Noxon Virginia , Atreja Nipun , Hines Dionne M. , Hagan Melissa , Jiang Jenny , Atwater Brett D.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Use of oral anticoagulants (OACs) for stroke reduction in atrial fibrillation (AF) varies by race and geography within the United States. We seek to better understand the relationship between OAC underutilization, race, and US geography.

Methods

Patients with AF were selected from the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services claims database from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2016. The final population consisted of patients with 12 months of health plan enrollment before and after their index AF diagnosis, with a baseline CHAD2S2-VASc ≥2 and of either Black or White race (other races are underrepresented in the data). Among those with AF that met the inclusion criteria, patients who were prescribed warfarin or DOACs within 12 months after the index date were extracted. Each patient was assigned to a US county based on their 5-digit zip code and OAC use was stratified by race. Statistically significant differences were determined by student’s t-test and chi-square.

Results

Of the 2,390,830 final patients, 94.1% were White and 5.9% were Black patients. Mean (SD) age and HASBLED scores were 78 (9) and 3.9 (1.2) respectively, for Black patients and 80 (9) and 3.3 (1.2), respectively, for White patients (p<0.0001). The mean (SD) CHAD2S2-VASc scores were 4.5 (1.9) for White patients, and 5.3 (1.9) for Black patients with p<0.0001, respectively. Black patients (vs White patients) had a higher non-treatment (no DOAC or warfarin) rate (56.1% vs 47.4%, p<0.0001) across the US which was particularly notable in the southeast. In addition, treatment rates were highly variable within each US state. Counties with dense population more frequently demonstrated significant differences by race than counties with sparse population.

Conclusion

Our study showed differences in the use of OACs across US counties and among various racial groups. These disparities highlighted the areas of unmet need for both Black and White patients.
Individual and contextual factors associated with abortion among reproductive age women in sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from 24 recent demographic and health surveys
Authors: Seifu Beminate Lemma , Tebeje Tsion Mulat , Asgedom Yordanos Sisay , Asmare Zufan Alamrie , Asebe Hiwot Altaye , Kase Bizunesh Fantahun , Shibeshi Abdu Hailu , Lombebo Afework Alemu , Sabo Kebede Gemeda , Wubshet Betel Zelalem , Fente Bezawit Melak , Mare Kusse Urmale
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Despite the Sustainable Development Goal to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030, abortion remains one of the top five causes of maternal mortality in low and middle-income countries. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the pooled prevalence and determinants of abortion in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the pooled prevalence and determinants of abortion among women of reproductive age in 24 SSA countries using the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys.

Methods

The most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 24 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries were analyzed, using a weighted sample of 392,332 women of reproductive age. To address the clustering effects inherent in DHS data and the binary nature of the outcome variable, a multilevel binary logistic regression model was employed. The results were reported as adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals to indicate statistical significance. Additionally, the model with the lowest deviance was identified as the best fit for the data.

Results

The pooled prevalence of abortion in SSA were 6.93% (95%CI: 5.38, 8.48). Older age (AOR = 3.71; 95%CI: 3.46, 3.98), ever married (AOR = 3.87; 95%CI: 3.66, 4.10), being educated (AOR = 1.35; 95%CI: 1.28, 1.44), having formal employment (AOR = 1.19; 95%CI: 1.16, 1.23), traditional contraceptive use (AOR = 1.27; 95%CI: 1.19, 1.36) and media exposure (AOR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.32, 1.41) found to be a predisposing factors for abortion. While high parity (AOR = 0.72; 95%CI: 0.68, 0.76), rural residence (AOR = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.85, 0.91), and rich (AOR = 0.96; 95%CI: 0.93, 0.99) wealth index were a protective factors.

Conclusion

The study found that the pooled prevalence of abortion in Sub-Saharan Africa is 7%. Potential interventions include comprehensive sexual education to inform and empower women, increased access to modern contraceptives to reduce unintended pregnancies, improved healthcare services especially in rural areas, economic empowerment through education and employment opportunities, media campaigns to disseminate information and reduce stigma, and policy development to ensure safe and legal access to abortion services. These interventions aim to improve reproductive health outcomes and reduce unsafe abortions in SSA.
Geographically weighted regression analysis for nonnegative continuous outcomes: An application to Taiwan dengue data
Authors: Chen Vivian Yi-Ju , Yang Yun-Ciao
Published: December 2024

Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) has gained widespread popularity across various disciplines for investigating spatial heterogeneity with respect to data relationships in georeferenced datasets. However, GWR is typically limited to the analysis of continuous dependent variables, which are assumed to follow a symmetric normal distribution. In many fields, nonnegative continuous data are often observed and may contain substantial amounts of zeros followed by a right-skewed distribution of positive values. When dealing with such type of outcomes, GWR may not provide adequate insights into spatially varying regression relationships. This study intends to extend the GWR based on a compound Poisson distribution. Such an extension not only allows for exploration of relationship heterogeneity but also accommodates nonnegative continuous response variables. We provide a detailed specification of the proposed model and discuss related modeling issues. Through simulation experiments, we assess the performance of this novel approach. Finally, we present an empirical case study using a dataset on dengue fever in Tainan, Taiwan, to demonstrate the practical applicability and utility of our proposed methodology.
Questionnaires of self-perception poorly correlate with instability elicited by walking balance perturbations
Authors: Shelton Andrew D. , Allen Jessica L. , Mercer Vicki S. , Crenshaw Jeremy R. , Franz Jason R.
Published: December 2024

Rehabilitation to prevent falls should not only directly address intrinsic and extrinsic factors, but also the neuropsychology of falls to promote safe and independent mobility in our aging population. The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between falls self-efficacy and objective responses to a series of walking balance perturbations. 29 healthy younger adults and 28 older adults completed four experimental trials, including unperturbed walking and walking while responding to three perturbations: mediolateral optical flow, treadmill-induced slips, and lateral waist-pulls; and three self-reported questionnaires: Activity-specific Balance Confidence, Falls Efficacy Scale, and the Fear of Falling Questionnaire-Revised. We quantified stabilizing responses as a change in margin of stability from unperturbed walking. Older adults generally exhibited larger instability than younger adults in response to walking balance perturbations. Only the Fear of Falls Questionnaire-Revised showed an increase in perceived falls risk for older adults. We found no significant correlations for older adults between any balance perturbation response and questionnaires of self-perception. Given the disconnect between self-perceived falls risk and responses to walking balance perturbations, rehabilitation to prevent falls while maintaining mobility and independence will likely require personalized techniques that combine neuromuscular training with approaches for neurophysiological reeducation.
Effect of traffic volumes on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of particulate matter: A comparative study from urban and rural areas in Malaysia
Authors: Al-Battawi Samer , Latif Mohd Talib , How Vivien , Thilakavathy Karuppiah , Hamid Haris Hafizal Abd , Tan Chung Keat , Ho Yu Bin
Published: December 2024

Motor vehicles emit most Malaysian PAHs in particulate matter of 2.5 μm (PM2.5-bound PAHs). Although traffic-related air pollution harms healthy people, there is a knowledge gap regarding PAHs’ effects on Malaysians. This study examines PM2.5-bound PAH concentrations, distribution, sources, and health risks in Malaysia’s high and low-traffic zones. Kuala Lumpur (KL) and Hulu Langat (HL) exhibit Malaysia’s high- and low-traffic areas. The high-volume air sampler collected 40 ambient PM2.5 samples at both locations. Solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) assessed PAHs. The mean PM2.5-bound PAH concentrations in KL (5.85 ng m-3) were significantly higher than in HL (0.55 ng m-3) (p<0.001). KL has nine times more low-molecular-weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs) (2.63 vs. 0.27 ng m-3) and eleven times more high-molecular-weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs) (3.22 vs. 0.28 ng m-3) than HL. Over 51% of PM2.5 air samples at both sites included HMW-PAHs. Source apportionment tools (Diagnostic ratio, positive matrix factorization, and principal component analysis) showed that fossil fuel combustions (petrol and diesel) produced the greatest PAHs in both locations. Moreover, PAH exposure impinged higher carcinogenic health risks in KL than in HL. In conclusion, traffic and automobile pollution account for the short- and long-term health risks posed by PAHs in both regions.
The choice of treatment and the motivations behind it impact clinical outcomes among patients with adequate control of their rheumatic disease: A real-life study
Authors: Contreras-Yáñez Irazú , Guaracha-Basáñez Guillermo A. , Padilla-Ortiz Diana , Franco-Mejía Laura L. , Vargas-Sánchez Laura V. , Jiménez-Decle Julia G. , Pascual-Ramos Virginia
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Many factors influence how doctors make treatment decisions. The study compares the outcomes of patients with rheumatic diseases and adequate control (AC) whose treating rheumatologists prescribed their first choice of treatment (FCHO) versus the second choice (SCHO) and the motivations behind them. It also investigates the motivations associated with FCHO.

Patients and methods

The study was conducted at an outpatient clinic from February 2023 to February 2024. Patients with an RMD diagnosis were identified using systematic sampling (P-1). After their consultation, their rheumatologists detailed their treatment choice (FCHO vs. SCHO), the motivations behind it, and the outcomes. In a subsample of patients from P-1 and AC (SubP-1), treating rheumatologists repeated the assessment of outcomes at the next scheduled consultation. Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis were used.

Results

There were 703 patients enrolled (P-1), 543 (77.2%) had AC, and 292 (Subp-1) underwent a follow-up evaluation. In P-1 and subP-1, FCHO was prescribed to 644 (91.5%) and 269 (92.1%) patients.

Motivations related to evidence-based medicine and personal experience were more frequently referred to in FCHO. Concerns related to current or future drug shortages and a history of adverse events/intolerance were more frequent in SCHO.

In SubP-1, a higher proportion of patients remained in AC and experienced remission/ improved disease activity with FCHO. Patients who received FCHO experienced a greater risk for favorable outcomes.

The following motivations were associated with FCHO: “It aligns with guidelines”; “solid scientific evidence supporting the treatment effectiveness”; “I am concerned that the shortage of the drug may hinder the continuation of the treatment” and “history of adverse events or intolerance”.

Conclusions

Patients with AC of their underlying RMD, whose rheumatologists prescribed their FCHO, had better outcomes than those who were prescribed SCHO. Evidence-based motivations, rheumatologists´ concern of medication shortage, and patient-related motivations were associated with FCHO.
Diffusion and hydrodynamic instabilities in membrane systems with water solutions of NaCl and ethanol
Authors: Grzegorczyn Sławomir , Dylong Iwona , Dolibog Paweł , Ślęzak Andrzej
Published: December 2024

The characteristic manifestations of instability were observed in the form of voltage pulsations measured between electrodes immersed directly in solutions of membrane system chambers, in different configurations of membrane systems. The reason for this type of voltage pulsations is Rayleigh-Benard type instabilities of near-membrane layers caused by density gradients of solutions in these layers. The time of build-up of the concentration boundary layer, after which hydrodynamic instability appears is one of important parameters of these phenomena. The concentration characteristics of these times, measured for one- and two-membrane systems, are nonlinear. With increasing differences in the density of solutions on the membrane at the initial moment, the times of build-up of concentration boundary layers were reduced. In two-membrane systems containing ternary solutions (water, NaCl, ethanol), ethanol was used to control the initial differences in the density of solutions on the membrane. The times of hydrodynamic instabilities in two-membrane system were symmetrical due to the concentration of ethanol, for which the densities of solutions on both sides of the membrane were the same at the initial moment. This dependence is similar for both configurations of the membrane system and is characterized by two nonlinear curves converging to the concentration of ethanol at which, at the initial moment, the densities of the solutions in the chambers of the two-membrane system are the same. In turn, the steady-state voltages of the two-membrane system as a function of the initial concentration of ethanol in the middle chamber with the same initial NaCl concentration in the middle chamber, are a complex function depending on the membrane arrangement. These voltages are characterized by a transition in the ethanol concentration range, for which, at the initial moment, the densities of the solutions in the chambers of the two-membrane system are comparable.
Blood transfusion service readiness and its associated factors in health facilities providing blood transfusion services across Ethiopia: A secondary analysis of the 2018 Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) survey
Authors: Fenta Tirualem Asmare , Tiruneh Gizachew Tadele , Ayele Nebiyou Fasil
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Timely and safe blood transfusion services are crucial for saving lives in emergencies. Previous studies have focused on hospital inpatient care access but have overlooked blood transfusion service readiness. This study examined the readiness of blood transfusion services in health facilities across Ethiopia and its determinants.

Methods

This study used Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) 2018 data from 632 facilities. Readiness was measured based on seven components: the presence of at least one trained staff for appropriate use of blood and safe transfusion; guidelines for appropriate use and transfusion; blood storage refrigerator; blood typing; cross-match typing; blood supply safety; and blood supply sufficiency. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Facility characteristics were summarized using frequency tables and summary statistics. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses examined the predictors of service readiness.

Results

Facilities offering blood transfusion services had a mean readiness score of 4.5 (out of 7), with only 5% having all items. Most facilities performed blood typing, but less than one-third conducted cross-match testing, and over half lacked guidelines and trained staff. Service readiness varied significantly across regions. Facilities in Oromia (Coef.: -0.74; 95% CI: [-1.32, -0.15]) and Somali (Coef.: -1.26; 95% CI: [-2.21, -0.31]) had lower readiness scores compared to Addis Ababa. Increased availability of medical equipment corresponded to a 49% increase in readiness scores (Coef.: 0.49; 95% CI: [0.19, 0.79]).

Conclusion

The study highlights deficiencies in blood transfusion service readiness and regional disparities, emphasizing the need for targeted support to enhance readiness across regions.
Deep phosphoproteomics of Klebsiella pneumoniae reveals HipA-mediated tolerance to ciprofloxacin
Authors: Nashier Payal , Samp Isabell , Adler Marvin , Ebner Fiona , Lê Lisa Thai , Göppel Marc , Jers Carsten , Mijakovic Ivan , Schwarz Sandra , Macek Boris
Published: December 2024

Klebsiella pneumoniae belongs to the group of bacterial pathogens causing the majority of antibiotic-resistant nosocomial infections worldwide; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying post-translational regulation of its physiology are poorly understood. Here we perform a comprehensive analysis of Klebsiella phosphoproteome, focusing on HipA, a Ser/Thr kinase involved in antibiotic tolerance in Escherichia coli. We show that overproduced K. pneumoniae HipA (HipAkp) is toxic to both E. coli and K. pneumoniae and its toxicity can be rescued by overproduction of the antitoxin HipBkp. Importantly, HipAkp overproduction leads to increased tolerance against ciprofloxacin, a commonly used antibiotic in the treatment of K. pneumoniae infections. Proteome and phosphoproteome analyses in the absence and presence of ciprofloxacin confirm that HipAkp has Ser/Thr kinase activity, auto-phosphorylates at S150, and shares multiple substrates with HipAec, thereby providing a valuable resource to clarify the molecular basis of tolerance and the role of Ser/Thr phosphorylation in this human pathogen.
Structure of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Type IV pilus
Authors: Ochner Hannah , Böhning Jan , Wang Zhexin , Tarafder Abul K. , Caspy Ido , Bharat Tanmay A. M.
Published: December 2024

Type IV pili (T4Ps) are abundant in many bacterial and archaeal species, where they play important roles in both surface sensing and twitching motility, with implications for adhesion, biofilm formation and pathogenicity. While Type IV pilus (T4P) structures from other organisms have been previously solved, a high-resolution structure of the native, fully assembled T4P of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major human pathogen, would be valuable in a drug discovery context. Here, we report a 3.2 Å-resolution structure of the P. aeruginosa PAO1 T4P determined by electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM). PilA subunits constituting the T4P exhibit a classical pilin fold featuring an extended N-terminal α-helix linked to a C-terminal globular β-sheet-containing domain, which are packed tightly along the pilus, in line with models derived from previous cryo-EM data of the P. aeruginosa PAK strain. The N-terminal helices constitute the pilus core where they stabilise the tubular assembly via hydrophobic interactions. The α-helical core of the pilus is surrounded by the C-terminal globular domain of PilA that coats the outer surface of the pilus, mediating interactions with the surrounding environment. Comparison of the P. aeruginosa PAO1 T4P with T4P structures from other organisms, both at the level of the pilin subunits and the fully assembled pili, confirms previously described common architectural principles whilst highlighting key differences between members of this abundant class of prokaryotic filaments. This study provides a structural framework for understanding the molecular and cell biology of these important cellular appendages mediating interaction of prokaryotes to surfaces.
Jewish Persecution and Mimetic Rivalry in the Iberian Kingdoms of Aragon and Castile
Authors: Moreno Villanueva Emilio
Published: December 2024

This article applies René Girard’s mimetic theory to analyze the escalation of violence against Jews in medieval Iberia during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It explores how economic, social, and religious factors fueled a mimetic crisis, leading to the scapegoating and eventual expulsion of Jews in 1492. The study highlights the importance of the "other" in constructing collective identities and scapegoats, particularly in the context of religious minorities like the Jews in medieval Iberia. Through Girard’s framework, the analysis highlights the dynamics of mimetic desire and mediation, offering insights into the interplay of violence, identity, and power in medieval societies.
Uma capela romana para Évora
Authors: Saldanha Nuno
Published: December 2024

A nova capela-mor da Sé de Évora, erguida a partir de 1718, constitui-se num importante exemplo da função da Arte na mediação dos processos de produção e transmissão de culturas, concretamente na aproximação entre a cultura pictórica romana e a portuguesa, de acordo com o gosto e ambição do soberano. Ao mesmo tempo, ela revela que, este ambicioso projeto artístico, extravasava as fronteiras da capital, e da ideia da “Lisboa Romana”, estendendo-se às mais diversas cidades do reino.
Neste ponto, Agostino Masucci (1691-1758) revela-se crucial, ao ser-lhe dada a responsabilidade da execução da Assunção de Nossa Senhora para o altar-mor. Convertido no pintor favorito de D. João V, logo após o sucesso do seu trabalho para Mafra, ele assume, a partir daqui, um papel preponderante nas encomendas joaninas, e como mediador por excelência entre as duas culturas, de forma bilateral e recíproca, mormente na criação de modelos visuais que fariam eco em Itália.
Muscular Dystrophies and Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants
Authors: Saeed Mohd , Tasleem Munazzah , Haque Ashanul , Shoaib Ambreen , Rizvi Syed Mohd Danish
Published: December 2024

Muscular dystrophies (MD) are an array of inherited disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. This review explores the genetic foundation, pathophysiological mechanisms, current treatments, and therapeutic potential of medicinal plants for MD. Although gene therapy, exon-skipping, and stem cell therapies are substantial advancements, they encounter obstacles regarding immune responses, long-term efficacy, and delivery efficiency. A promising complementary approach to conventional MD therapies is presented by natural compounds from medicinal plants. Recent studies and historical use underscore the multi-targeted effects of phytochemicals such as resveratrol, Withaferin A, Ginsenosides, Curcumin, and Epigallocatechin gallate, on muscle regeneration, oxidative stress, and inflammation. These compounds have demonstrated potential in preclinical studies to enhance muscle function, reduce inflammation, and reduce oxidative stress. Despite their potential, the utilization of medicinal plants in MD treatment is impeded by regulatory hurdles, potential side effects, variability in bioactive compound concentration, and standardization issues. To address these challenges, it is necessary to implement rigorous clinical trials, standardization protocols, and comprehensive quality control measures. Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of plant-derived compounds, improving biotechnological production techniques, and integrating these treatments into personalized, comprehensive treatment plans. Advances in synthetic biology, genomics, metabolomics, and nanoformulations have the potential to improve the efficacy and safety of phytomedicine in the treatment of MD. Implementing evidence-based integrative approaches can enhance holistic care, improve patient outcomes, and facilitate acceptance of medicinal plant-based therapies in clinical practice.
ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA NAS ESCOLAS COM JOGOS DIGITAIS
Authors: Araujo Samuel Santos
Published: December 2024

Com a revolução tecnológica e o avanço da globalização, as informações, em sua maioria, são criadas e renovadas de formas simultâneas. Isso se projeta diretamente na maneira como as pessoas se relacionam em sociedade. Diante disso, a educação escolar deve ser pensada a partir da integração do mundo digital como parte do cotidiano da sociedade contemporânea. Neste processo, a Geografia, assim como as demais disciplinas têm um papel fundamental para a formação socioespacial e cidadã, podendo contribuir com o uso de metodologias de ensino que contemplem o trabalho com aparatos tecnológicos a exemplos dos jogos digitais. Desta forma, o objetivo deste artigo é compreender quais os benefícios dos jogos digitais como instrumento de aprendizagem no ensino de Geografia na educação. A pesquisa foi realizada com abordagem qualitativa de análise de dados, na forma de Revisão Integrativa de Literatura (RIL), através de periódicos e artigos pesquisados, que buscaram solucionar os problemas de pesquisa por meio das referências teóricas investigadas. Assim, buscamos responder: quais são os benefícios dos jogos para a aprendizagem de Geografia nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental? Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que as tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação fazem parte da realidade educacional e os jogos digitais são ferramentas pedagógicas potenciais na aprendizagem de Geografia, oportunizando a construção de conhecimentos sobre os conceitos geográficos, aspectos físicos, políticos, sociais, culturais, ambientais e, consequentemente tornando as aulas mais prazerosas, por motivar a participação dos alunos.
Análise tomográfica do preparo do canal radicular com instrumentação manual: limas de aço inox versus novas limas M de níquel-titânio
Authors: Corgosinho Gabriela , Marques Vitor , Bruno Kely , Rodrigues Maykely , Castro Iury
Published: December 2024

﻿Introdução: A instrumentação manual ainda é largamente empregada na Endodontia e o lançamento de novas limas endodônticas no mercado salienta a necessidade de estudos que avaliem a sua capacidade de preparar o canal radicular. Objetivo: Realizar uma análise comparativa, por meio de tomografia computadorizada, de duas técnicas de instrumentação manual, quanto ao transporte do canal radicular e centralização do preparo. Métodos: Foram selecionados 15 molares inferiores com dois canais devidamente separados, perfazendo um total de 30 canais mesiais, aleatoriamente distribuídos...
Resistance to Degradation of Pinus spp. Wood Treated with Two Industrial Residues: Burnt Oil and Soybean Oil
Authors: Félix Bento Paulo , Cardoso Júnior Antônio Américo , De Almeida Andrade Anna Carolina , Oliveira Praxedes Quiones , Da Silva Carlos Miranda , Dos Santos Edson José Santana
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two industrial residues (soybean oil and burnt oil) as preservative products under three different treatments in increasing the resistance of pine wood to degradation by xylophagous agents. To this effect, 46.6 x 5.0 x 2.0 cm pine samples were subjected to immersion treatments for 24 hours in both oils; to brushing treatments with three layers applied in 1-hour intervals; and to hot-cold baths in both oils for 1 hour at temperatures of 90 to 100 °C, followed by immersion for 2 hours. After the treatments, all samples were air-dried for 48 hours. The treatments with burnt oil and hot-cold baths with soybean oil were more efficient in protecting pine wood, which is why their use as preservative products is recommended.
Lab-grown materials for architecture
Authors: Richter Stephan , Hussels Gideon , Simon-Meyer Tim
Published: December 2024

The idea of architecture using bio-based materials that are produced on an industrial scale under laboratory conditions and can be customized at the molecular level still belongs to the realm of science fiction. However, with the publication of their findings on plant-based, lab-grown materials, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have recently shown that such a future is well and truly possible. Their long-term goal: customizable timber, grown in a lab. Based on current research results and discourse, this article examines the potential of lab-grown materials for tomorrow’s architecture and how they could influence the design process. It also identifies possible positive and negative environmental impacts and discusses the role that lab-grown materials could play in the context of a material transition toward bio-based, sustainable materials in the construction sector.
The Performance of Household-Scale Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland (HFCW) Unit for Treating Greywater
Authors: Suleman Iriani Putri , Sofiyah Evi Siti , Ridhosari Betanti
Published: December 2024

Horizontal flow constructed wetland (HFCW) is a method mimicking natural processes in which plantations are used to treat wastewater. This method demonstrates superior efficacy in the removal of organic pollutants and total nitrogen. Furthermore, it offers the advantage of reduced operational and maintenance expenses. This research employs a household-scale HFCW unit, utilizing water hyacinths (Eichornia crassipes) to treat greywater from a single house. The study aims to assess the HFCW unit's performance in treating greywater at a household scale, with effluent quality compared against Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation (Regulation Number 68/2016 on Domestic Wastewater Quality Standard) using testing methods in accordance with the Indonesian National Standards (SNI). The results indicate that the HFCW unit removal efficiencies after two days retention time are: BOD5 (74%-93%), COD (47%-80%), TSS (55%-97%), oil and grease (50%-94%), and ammonia (46%-99%). After three days, the unit generally demonstrates improved performance, which are: BOD5 (67%-96%), COD (57%-91%), TSS (51%-97%), oil and grease (11%-99%), and ammonia (35%-99%). Overall, the effluent quality meets government standards for both two- and three-days retention time, establishing the HFCW unit as an effective household-scale greywater treatment solution.
Thermophilic Digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent: Enhancing Biogas Production and Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Anwar Dedy , Simanjuntak Evy Enjelina , Sitepu Ivana , Kinda Meiyer Marthen , Nainggolan Ellyas Alga , Wibowo Yudha Gusti
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of thermophilic anaerobic digestion on biogas production and methane emission reduction from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Conducted under controlled conditions at 55°C and 65°C, the research aims to optimize biogas yield and reduce Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels. The findings indicate that thermophilic digestion at 65°C significantly enhances biogas production, yielding 1.81 L Biogas per liter of POME over an 8-day period, compared to mesophilic conditions. Furthermore, the study demonstrates substantial COD reduction, supporting a more efficient and environmentally friendly process. By capturing methane emissions and converting them into a renewable energy source, this method aligns with global climate policies and greenhouse gas reduction targets. The integration of thermophilic anaerobic digestion into POME treatment presents a viable solution for the palm oil industry to improve waste management practices and contribute to sustainable development goals. Future research should explore large-scale implementations to maximize the environmental and economic benefits of this technology.
Effectiveness and Efficiency of Waste Banks in Ambarawa District Semarang Regency in 2023
Authors: Ariyadi Dony , Siwiendrayanti Arum
Published: December 2024

Ambarawa District, which is one of the districts with the highest density in Semarang Regency, experiences waste problems. Based on the official website of the Semarang Regency Environmental Agency, there are 10 active waste banks spread throughout Ambarawa District, including Acil, Rengas Asri, Mawar Asri, Mukti Bareng, Tegal Asri, Projo, Sari Asri, Tanjung Asri, Bina Lingkungan, and Bina Mandiri. The type of research used in this study was a case study based on quantitative data with a descriptive approach. Data analysis in this study uses the calculation of the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) equation and elasticity index. Based on the results obtained, 10 waste banks are located in Ambarawa District. The overall waste bank at OEE is less than 60%, and the elasticity index value is less than 1, which indicates that the effectiveness and efficiency of waste banks in Ambarawa District are low. In addition, the performance of waste banks in Ambarawa District is relatively low.
Impact of Monitoring Land Use Changes to Anticipate Management of Erosion Rates in the Brantas Hulu Watershed
Authors: Pratama Alfyan Amar , Suripin Suripin , Wulandari Dyah Ari , Marupa Ivan
Published: December 2024

Land use change in river basins is an important issue for policymakers. In this case, it is essential to carry out comprehensive monitoring for decision-making. Land use monitoring must be carried out continuously so that changes that occur over a certain period can continue to be monitored. In this case, the Brantas Hulu watershed includes Batu City, Malang City, and Malang Regency. This river basin is considered critical due to massive land use changes. This condition directly encourages an increase in sedimentation rate in rivers and reservoirs. This research aims to obtain the results of monitoring land use changes and determine the handling of erosion rates by monitoring land use changes in the Brantas Hulu watershed. The method used to determine the spatial characteristics of soil erosion in the Upper Brantas watershed uses the Universal Soil Losses Equation (USLE) method. The research results show that erosion conditions in the Brantas Hulu watershed are dominated by class I/very light erosion hazards (36.43%). ), class II/light (22.35%), class V/very heavy (16.07%), class III/moderate (13.09%), and class IV/heavy (12.05%). The proposed control measures for erosion sites include structural and non-structural approaches.
Spatial Characterization of Flood Intensity over the Drainage Condition of East Sempaja Village, Samarinda
Authors: Ghozali Achmad , Rizki Ayu Fitriana Fitriana , Mustofa Umar
Published: December 2024

The flood events frequently impacting Samarinda City have not yet been thoroughly examined based on their intensity, particularly in the most flood-prone village in the city, East Sempaja Village. This paper employed a rigorous methodology, including K-means cluster analysis and Getis-Ord G* statistics, to reveal spatial clustering patterns based on flood intensity and residential drainage conditions in East Sempaja. The Spearman correlation was determined to identify the relationship between both factors. The present study demonstrates that using community-derived data can enhance flood disaster mitigation strategies, particularly within regions with insufficient data availability. The analysis shows that most neighborhood areas in East Sempaja have moderate to high flood intensity levels. The areas with high flood intensity are spread across the North. This paper confirms that the condition of drainage channels has a positive, yet weak, significant relationship with the level of flood intensity. Thus, optimizing drainage channels is still relevant in managing flood disasters in East Sempaja, providing practical strategies for a pressing issue.
Standarisasi Vagina Sempurna: Membongkar Realitas Perempuan dalam Menavigasi Citra Tubuh
Authors: Risqullah Aura Angellica , Hanjani Vania Pramudita
Published: December 2024

Artikel ini mengeksplorasi kompleksitas sosial budaya di balik standarisasi kecantikan, khususnya konstruksi vagina yang dianggap “sempurna” oleh mayoritas orang. Melalui lensa kuasa tubuh Michel Foucault, penulis berusaha untuk menyoroti bagaimana norma-norma kecantikan dipahami, diterapkan, dan dipertahankan dalam masyarakat. Artikel ini akan memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana institusi kekuasaan seperti media, industri kecantikan dan budaya populer berperan dalam membentuk sekaligus memperkuat standar kecantikan yang seringkali tidak realistis dan merugikan perempuan. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan adanya implikasi psikologis dan tekanan sosial berupa ‘body image issues’ atau ketidakpuasan atas citra tubuh perempuan. Dengan demikian, artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan wawasan sekaligus merangsang refleksi kritis pembaca untuk membebaskan perempuan dari ekspektasi yang tidak realistis terhadap pendisiplinan praktik ketubuhan.
Resistensi Perempuan Bali terhadap Hegemoni Kasta dalam Novel Tarian Bumi Karya Oka Rusmini (Kajian Feminisme Multikultural)
Authors: Nurzahra Shafa Zahirah , Falah Fajrul , Widyawati Marta
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan resistensi perempuan Bali terhadap hegemoni kasta dalam novel Tarian Bumi karya Oka Rusmini. Penelitian yang berbasis kualitatif deskriptif ini menggunakan metode pustaka dengan langkah pengumpulan data, analisis data, dan penyajian data. Hasil dari penelitian berperspektif feminisme multikultural terhadap novel ini, dapat diketahui bahwa dalam satu kebudayaan pun (kultur Bali), resistensi perempuan dimaknai secara beragam. Latar belakang kasta perempuan Bali dapat memengaruhi cara pandang mereka dalam melakukan resistensi. Perempuan Bali ada yang melakukan resistensi terhadap kasta dengan sebatas menaikkan status kastanya melalui pelanggaran atas larangan pernikahan berbeda kasta, yang dalam hal ini sebenarnya mereka masih larut dalam sistem kasta. Ada pula yang memandang bahwa untuk menjadi perempuan yang ideal harus mampu bebas menentukan pilihan, tanpa peduli dengan derajat dalam kasta. Novel ini secara dominan menyuarakan tentang konsepsi perempuan ideal dalam kultur Bali yang seharusnya memiliki kebebasan untuk memilih dan dihormati tanpa terbatas kelas.Kata Kunci: Perempuan, Bali, feminis, multikultural, kasta
Viral diseases in Vigna species - Impacts, management opportunities and future perspectives: A review
Authors: Godwin P , Shoba D , Arumugam PM , Saravanan S , Sheela J , Kavitha PA , Arumugachamy S , Hepziba J
Published: December 2024

Pulses are the second-largest class of food crops worldwide, with around 1.58million hectares under cultivation. represent. They are also excellent sourcesof protein. The major cultivated Vigna species in India include Blackgram[Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper], Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek], Cowpea[Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], Moth bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Maréchal]and Adzuki bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi]. However, theyield of these crops is significantly reduced by viral diseases caused by adiverse range of viral strains. Notable viral diseases affecting Vigna speciesinclude yellow mosaic, cowpea severe mosaic, cowpea yellow mosaic,cowpea aphid-borne mosaic, cowpea golden yellow mosaic, bean commonmosaic, leaf crinkle and leaf curl. The primary challenge in managing theseviral diseases lies in effectively integrating the substantial knowledgeaccumulated, which is essential for developing genotypes with durableresistance to viral infections. Molecular markers and QTL (Quantitative TraitLocus) mapping are valuable tools for identifying genomic regions associatedwith viral disease resistance, aiding future breeding programs. This abstractprovides an overview of each Vigna species, the viral diseases affecting them,and recent advancements in developing resistant genotypes. It also highlightssystematic screening efforts within Vigna germplasm to identify varioussources of viral resistance in Vigna species.
Seima-Turbino-type bronze spearheads from Xiawanggang in Xichuan and the implications for north-south cultural exchange
Authors: Wang Peng
Published: December 2024

Through typological analysis and pattern comparison, this study demonstrates that the Seima-Turbino-type bronze spearheads unearthed from the Xiawanggang site date roughly to the end of the third millennium BCE or the beginning of the second millennium BCE. Considering their similarities to the Okunev culture, the Shimao culture, and the iconography of the post-Shijiahe culture, this study suggests that the appearance of Seima-Turbino-type bronze spearheads in the Yangtze River valley resulted from north-south cultural exchange. Understanding this cultural exchange is significant for comprehending changes in China’s prehistoric cultural patterns during the Longshan-Erlitou culture period.
Experimental studies on coal mine over-burden incorporated concrete as a sustainable substitute for fine aggregate in concrete construction
Authors: Jena Biswajit , Zade Nikhil P. , Sarkar Pradip , Karak Swapan Kumar
Published: December 2024

The growing demand for sustainable construction has encouraged the exploration of utilizing industrial waste in cementitious materials, aiming to conserve natural resources and manage industrial waste efficiently. This study focuses on incorporating coal mine overburden (CMOB) as a substitute for natural fine aggregate in concrete mixes. The research systematically assesses concrete properties at curing ages of 28, 56, and 90 days. Laboratory tests are conducted to examine compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact resistance of CMOB-incorporated concrete. Incorporating CMOB up to a 60 % replacement level enhances concrete strength, impact resistance, resistance to water penetrability, and microstructure. Optimal mechanical strength, enhanced impact resistance, and improved transport properties are achieved at this level, resulting in a 10–35 % increase in strength and a 13–29 % improvement in resistance to water penetrability compared to control concrete. Microstructural analysis indicates similarities in surface morphology and micro-cracks within the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) to normal concrete. Given the high water absorption of CMOB, the use of superplasticizers is advisable to maintain the desired workability. These findings support the practical utilization of CMOB in concrete applications, offering potential environmental and economic benefits.
Application of natural language processing for the recognition of obesity-related topics in the discourses of Argentine Twitter users
Authors: Haluszka Eugenia , Niclis Camila , Pareja Lora Antonio , Aballay Laura Rosana
Published: December 2024

The global burden of obesity has risen due to various factors, including sociocultural aspects. Social representations (SRs) of obesity could help to understand the problem. Nowadays, social networks activate new social interaction processes and enable the construction of SRs. Tweets can identify mind-sets as cultural reflections of the times. This study aimed to identify widely shared obesity topics on Twitter-Argentina using Natural Language Processing. First, 134,766 Spanish tweets about obesity were collected from August 2021 to July 2022. Next, a geolocation filter removed non-Argentinian messages, leaving 48,149 tweets. The body text was cleaned and prepared for analysis. K-means clustering model was applied and 21 clusters were identified after reaching theoretical saturation. Then, 10 tweets from each cluster were randomly selected to analyse word usage and identify cluster themes. Thus, the main themes were “Gender-related”, “Obesity and family”, “Hate speech and fatphobia”, “Body image, perceptions and feelings”, “Public health actions” and “Obesity as a health-disease process”. These aggregations allowed us to understand obesity as a sociocultural phenomenon, the Argentinian culture-specific discourses surrounding it, and their connections to health. We firmly believe that this valuable information will enlighten the planning of future social-political actions to address this health-disease process.
RELAÇÕES ENTRE UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO E TURISMO EM MUNICÍPIOS DE ENTORNO
Authors: Bregolin Michel , Rudzewicz Laura , Borges Monteiro Bruna , Ferreira Alves Thalia
Published: December 2024

Tendo por base o conceito de comunidade portal, o artigo analisa as relações existentes entre as Unidades de Conservação e o turismo em municípios de entorno no contexto da Trilha de Longo Curso Caminho das Araucárias (RS/SC), Brasil. Por meio de uma abordagem mista, exploratória e descritiva, são analisadas fontes documentais, abrangendo sites das UCs e das prefeituras municipais, Planos de Manejo, além de dados abertos sobre prestadores de serviços e empregos formais do setor turístico, visando apurar diferenças de vinculação entre as UCs e o desenvolvimento do turismo nos municípios de entorno. Concluiu-se que, entre os dez municípios analisados, Cambará do Sul (RS), Praia Grande e Urubici (SC) cumprem atualmente requisitos para serem compreendidos como comunidades portais dos Parques Nacionais de Aparados da Serra, Serra Geral e São Joaquim. Diante disso, o estudo evidencia a importância do processo de criação, implantação e gestão das UCs considerar esse tipo de análise para compreender o impacto das dinâmicas turísticas associadas a esses espaços em suas repercussões sobre o desenvolvimento local e regional.
Melhores práticas na atenção primária para pessoas com hipertensão e diabetes: revisão integrativa
Authors: Raimundo Gabriela Elizeu , Moraes Tassiane Cristina
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: identificar as fragilidades do programa HIPERDIA da atenção primária à saúde no controle da hipertensão arterial e diabetes. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura com 11 artigos originais publicados no período de 2004 a 2019, sendo excluídos artigos duplicados e revisões. Resultados: foram evidenciadas diversas fragilidades no programa, como insuficiência de profissionais, necessidade de capacitação, demora no atendimento e agendamento de consultas. No entanto, destacou-se a importância do profissional de enfermagem na conscientização dos pacientes e na adesão ao tratamento, promovendo a prevenção e o controle eficaz dessas doenças. Conclusão: implementar mudanças organizacionais e intensificar as práticas de cuidado de hipertensão e diabetes mellitus contribui para o fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde, garantindo assim um futuro onde todos tenham acesso à saúde, promovendo um Brasil mais saudável e equitativo para as próximas gerações.
MONTAGEM MUTANGE
Authors: Monteiro de Carvalho Tuanne
Published: December 2024

O que um registro de quinze fotografias captadas espontaneamente de dentro de um veículo em movimento pode nos contar sobre um fenômeno urbano inédito em Maceió- AL? Investigando a história da cidade a partir das imagens, este ensaio se propõe a refletir, com fotografias e montagens produzidas pela autora, sobre a paisagem de um bairro em processo de afundamento devido à exploração de recursos naturais em área urbana na capital alagoana. O ensaio fundamenta-se nos conceitos de representações e significações imagéticas, especificamente presentes nos textos de Didi-Huberman, acerca da contribuição das imagens para construção do conhecimento histórico. As fotografias, ponto de partida desta fundamentação, são experienciadas e apreendidas por meio de operações de montagens, nos princípios de Aby Warburg e Walter Benjamin. Somando a percepção de fragmentos, lacunas e vestígios, o ensaio suscita reflexões sobre uma paisagem em acelerado processo de transformação.
A MÍDIA E A LUTA PELO DIREITO À CIDADE
Authors: Teixeira Bahia Adriana , Santana Luz Vera
Published: December 2024

A Comunidade da Rua Monsenhor Rubens Mesquita, Salvador, Bahia, vive um processo de reintegração de posse, movido pela Prefeitura Municipal de Salvador, com objetivo de dar espaço a um novo shopping center. Tendo como premissa o direito à cidade e à moradia, discutimos a divulgação do caso na mídia, considerando seu papel na formação da opinião pública, compreendendo que a linguagem, a partir da forma como uma história é contada, tem papel central para influenciar posicionamentos. Para atingir tais objetivos, realizamos a sistematização de artigos de mídias via dois descritores pré-selecionados, organizada em tabelas sínteses, mediante análise de termos recorrentes e baseada no posicionamento dos artigos, categorizados dentre: a favor da Comunidade, neutros, ou a favor da reintegração. A justaposição das informações permitiu extrair resultados que iluminaram alguns temas a respeito do caso e a percepção geral da mídia, bem como de outros agentes e instituições.