bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Military Application of Software Radio Communication Technology
Authors: Gao Jing
Published: February 2019

The emergence of software radio technology is the third technological revolution in the field of communication. In view of the immature status of the application of software radio communication technology in our country's military affairs, on the premise of interpreting the connotation and extension of software radio communication technology, this paper systematically analyses the principle and architecture of software radio, and puts forward that military software radio communication technology can be used in electronic warfare simulation evaluation and software enhancement. The conception of the application of wire electronic warfare system expands the theoretical breadth of military application of software radio communication technology.
Research on the Artificial Intelligence Attribution Analysis and the Reasons for Decline of Physical Fitness of College Students in the Tropical Area under the Background of "Sunshine Sports"
Authors: Cui Zaichi , Jiang Yi , Hao Wenting , Huang Qian
Published: February 2019

In 2010, the research team conducted a survey on the physical quality of 1600 college students in Hainan Province, and analyzed the changes in the physical quality of college students in Hainan from 2000 to 2010, and learned about the impact of sunshine sports on the physical quality of college students in Hainan Province. Based on this, a targeted intervention was proposed, which can provide reference for the sports workers and decision-makers in Hainan Province and improve the physical quality of students.
Network Relationship between Commercial Bank Liquidity Indicators and Various Indicators—Based on Bayesian Network
Authors: Gou Shangde , Wen Bohui , Kong Qingxin
Published: February 2019

Draining liquidity is one of the main reasons for the financial crisis. Therefore, exploring the link between various indicators of banks and bank liquidity has great significance for studying bank liquidity risk. The article applies principal component to analysis the main components are extracted from the perspectives of assets, loans, deposits, borrowings and reserves. Then the Bayesian network is used to construct a network of links between liquidity and indicators based on this.
The Research on Consumer Behavior of Online Games and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Zhang Yasi , Huang Weilun
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this paper is to explore consumer behavior of online game and its influencing factors by the methods of literature review and questionnaire analysis. The results show that the monthly consumption of online games by respondents exceeds RMB150, and its daily game time is about 3 hours. And the cognitions on the advantages, disadvantages, quality advantages, and quality disadvantages of online game and individual variables of player are all significant influencing factors on consumer behavior of online game. This paper suggests that the government should actively help domestic online games to develop their derivatives and export, and companies should make the differentiated marketing strategies for the consumer groups which divided by their different individual variables.
Analysis on the Resource Advantages in the Construction of Aba Sub-plateau Training Base
Authors: Wan Dequan
Published: February 2019

Sub-plateau training is a special training method of plateau training, and its effect has been gradually approved by the sports community. This paper conducts feasibility analysis from the perspective of relevant factors of sports resource evaluation such as plateau training theory and sub-plateau geographical environment, and combined with the regional advantages and national characteristics of the construction of Aba base, proposes the idea of constructing Aba sub-plateau training base based on the plateau training theory and the construction status of Chinese sub-plateau bases.
Comparative Study on the Analysis Methods for the Seismic Resistance of Bridge Structure
Authors: Wang Danling
Published: February 2019

As a kind of destructive natural disasters, earthquake can cause serious damage to the bridges of lifeline projects, which will bring great difficulties to the rescue and relief work. The bridge structure is complex, and people pay increasingly more attention to the research on its seismic resistance. It is very important for designers and researchers to adopt an appropriate analysis method in seismic resistance analysis. This paper briefly summarizes the hazards caused by earthquakes to long-span bridges, and introduces the calculation principles of response spectrum method and time history analysis in detail. Through the comparative study of the two commonly used seismic resistance analysis methods for bridges, it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages and the application scope of each method, providing reference for selecting suitable design methods for seismic resistance design. Lastly, it describes the future research trends of response spectrum method and time history analysis.
Research on the Design of Cultural Park Interpretation System——Taking Panjin City Gujia Culture and Customs Holiday Park as an Example
Authors: Zang Han , An Yonggang , Pang Xiaolin
Published: February 2019

Inside the scenic spot, the interpretation system is an important way to strengthen resource protection and manage the communication between tourists and institutions. It helps tourists to quickly obtain information and also feedback the quality and management level of the scenic spot. Taking Panjin City Gujia Culture and Customs Holiday Park as an example, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of the existing interpretation system during the planning and reconstruction period of the park, and re-designs and improves the park interpretation system in combination with environmental psychology. The park's interpretation system and the enhancement of visitors' understanding of the cultural connotations of the scenic area are of paramount importance.
Study on Functional Layout of Forest Health Care Base Based on Visual Effect of Landscape: A Case Study of Beijing Mangshan National Forest Park
Authors: Xue Chaochen , An Yonggang
Published: February 2019

In recent years, with the rapid development of forest health care industry in China, the demand for forest health care base, especially the construction of mountain forest health care base, has become increasingly urgent. Based on the spatial analysis function of GIS software and the impact of mountain forest environmental factors on human health, this paper briefly introduces the main site selection requirements and application of mountain forest recreation base, taking Jixian County as an example.
Employment contracts: the inherent dangers of the fixed-term contract
Authors: Bigey N.
Published: February 2019

Hiring an employee can be risky, especially when choosing the contract that will bind the employer to the employee.

It is essential to choose a suitable contract. Oftentimes, the preferred choice is a fixed-term contract. If the reason for this choice is contested, the financial consequences may be exorbitant.
Do orthodontic extractions have an impact on the cutaneous profile?
Authors: Dallel I. , Megdiche A. , Ghedira Y. , Tobji S. , Ben Amor A.
Published: February 2019

Orthodontic treatments can have an impact on the soft tissues and more particularly on the cutaneous profile. The aim of this work was to evaluate profile changes following orthodontic treatment.

Material and methods: This study concerned 90 patients randomly selected in the orthodontic department of Monastir (Tunisia). Profile headfilms at the start and at the end of orthodontic treatment were compared using, as reference lines, the SN-7° plane and the orthogonal to SN-7° plane going through the S-point (POSN- 7°). The Student test was applied to evaluate the variations in the cephalometric measurements. The Pearson test was used to study the correlation between the horizontal tooth movements
and facial profile changes.

Results: We noted a significant decrease in the upper labral (Ls) (p=0.049) and lower labral (p=0.048) as well as a significant increase in the labio-mental angle (p=0.025) in patients treated with extractions of premolars. A positive correlation between the incisor movements and the reduction of the labial protrusion was observed.

Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that the movements of the incisors consecutive to extractions can have tangible effects on the cutaneous profile. Further investigations should be carried out to highlight the relationship between tooth movement and soft tissue.
Patientennarrative als Instrument zur Vorbereitung auf eine medizinische Rehabilitation: Der Erfahrungsbereich „Medizinische Reha“ auf der Website www.krankheitserfahrungen.de
Authors: Burbaum Christina , Peters Mutram , Metzner Gloria , Lucius-Hoene Gabriele , Bengel Jürgen
Published: February 2019

Ziele Der Erfahrungsbereich „Medizinische Reha“ auf der Website www.krankheitserfahrungen.de soll mit qualitätsgesicherten Darstellungen subjektiver Erfahrungsberichte von Rehabilitanden zu einer Vorbereitung auf eine medizinische Rehabilitation beitragen.

Methodik Mit 38 ehemaligen Rehabilitanden, welche nach dem Prinzip des Purposeful Sampling ausgewählt wurden, wurden narrative, leitfadengestützte Interviews zu ihren Erfahrungen mit der medizinischen Rehabilitation durchgeführt. Die Interviews wurden transkribiert und in einer systematischen Analyse nach der Grounded Theory thematisch kodiert und zusammengefasst.

Ergebnisse Die individuellen Erfahrungen von Rehabilitanden wurden für die Website als Fallvignetten aufbereitet. Alle in den Interviews erwähnten Erfahrungen wurden in der Analyse zu 8 Themenblöcken kondensiert und in themenspezifischen Texten auf der Website mit Originalausschnitten im Video-, Audio- und Textformat illustriert. Die Themen behandeln den Weg in die Rehabilitation und den dortigen Alltag, Therapien und andere Angebote der Klinik, Familie, Beruf, was die Rehabilitation gebracht hat und die Zeit danach sowie Botschaften und Empfehlungen. Es werden Hürden und Herausforderungen sowie unterstützende Erfahrungen und Tipps thematisiert.

Schlussfolgerung Auf der Website finden künftige Rehabilitanden und Fachpersonal ein kosten- und barrierefreies Informationsangebot über die medizinische Rehabilitation aus der Patientenperspektive.
Die Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse
Authors: Pohontsch Nadine Janis
Published: February 2019

Die Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse (QIA) wird in der deutschen Rehabilitationsforschung häufig angewendet. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird eine kurze Entstehungsgeschichte der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse aufgezeigt. Es folgt die ausführlichere Darstellung des von Mayring vorgeschlagenen Verfahrens der QIA in seinen drei Varianten: zusammenfassende, explikative sowie strukturierende QIA und seines allgemeinen Ablaufmodells. Des Weiteren wird auf die Bedeutung des Kategoriensystems und der verschiedenen Formen der Kategorienbildung (deduktiv vs. induktiv) eingegangen. Diese Ausführungen werden durch Überlegungen zur Nutzung von Software, Präsentation der Ergebnisse und Quantifizierungen ergänzt. Abschließend werden der Aspekt der Vertrauenswürdigkeit der Analyse und die von Mayring vorgeschlagenen Gütekriterien für qualitative (inhaltsanalytische) Forschung aufgegriffen.
Determinants of Awareness on Diabetes and its Complications
Authors: Sendur Umit Gokhan , Adas Mine
Published: February 2019

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires continuous medical care. Raising awareness and determining the factors affecting awareness about diabetes and its complications have an important role in achieving glycemic control and preventing complications.

Objective In this study, we aimed to determine the sociodemographic properties of participants, the status of patients’ awareness, and the factors affecting awareness. We also aimed to determine the relationships between these factors and diabetes regulation.

Materials and Methods A total of 404 patients with diabetes who had presented to Istanbul Okmeydanı Research and Training Hospital, Internal Medicine and Diabetes Outpatient Clinic were included in the study. They were requested to fill in a questionnaire about diabetes awareness. Data about their survey results, sociodemographic facts, glycemic control, treatment methods, and complications were analyzed.

Results 61.6% of the participants were female and 38.4% were male. Mean age was 54.5±11.4 years. 55.2% of patients were graduated from primary school and 22.8% had no education. Mean HbA1c value of the participants was 8%±1.9%. The mean score of the questionnaire, consisting of 23 questions, was 16.1±3.6. The ratio of patients who replied to 50% or more of the survey was 90.3%. The knowledge score was found to be positively correlated with education and income level, negatively correlated with age. There was no significant relationship between awareness and glycemic control (p>0.05).

Conclusion Most of the participants had an adequate level of awareness on diabetes and its complications. However, the study showed that better awareness was not associated with regulation of the disease. It was observed that not only raising awareness but also methods for implementing knowledge to daily life are needed.
Acute Visual Disorders—What Should the Neurologist Know?
Authors: Brune Anthony , Gold Daniel
Published: February 2019

Normal vision requires coordination of precisely controlled and coordinated eye movements and normal function of a large cortical and subcortical sensory network. Given the required precision of the system and wide anatomic distribution of the motor and sensory visual systems, vision can be disrupted by a variety of central and peripheral nervous system disorders. While many of these may be relatively benign or have no proven therapy, several may be isolated presentations or harbingers of more serious neurologic conditions. Both monocular and binocular vision losses may be isolated presentations of stroke or its equivalent. Other etiologies of monocular vision loss may represent the initial presentation of potentially disabling conditions. Binocular diplopia, caused by impaired movement of one or both eyes, may represent a condition with no acute therapy and a benign natural history, or a progressive potentially life-threatening syndrome. Most people are heavily reliant upon vision, so that even a subtle change in vision due to disturbed afferent or efferent pathways is invariably noticed, and presentation to the emergency department for eye symptoms is common. The accurate evaluation of these patients in the acute setting is essential to identify the patients requiring immediate testing or treatment.
Evaluation and Management of the Emergency Department Headache
Authors: Filler Levi , Nimlos Perrin , Akhter Murtaza
Published: February 2019

The acute headache in the emergency department (ED) poses a diagnostic dilemma that may overwhelm providers attempting to weigh the cost of advanced workups against the risk of missing serious pathology. While the majority of headache concerns are benign primary headache disorders, identifying life-threatening secondary causes of headache—which may be broadly categorized into structural, infectious, and vascular causes—is the primary focus of evaluation in the ED. Secondary headaches are associated with a high morbidity and mortality, and require strict scrutiny of the history and physical examination to adequately risk-stratify patients. Innovative and emerging technologies may further assist providers in the diagnosis of headache, and challenge previous gold-standard diagnostic evaluations. Herein, we present a general overview of the workup and management of headaches in the ED, with a special section for diagnostic considerations in evaluating for acute meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and acute angle-closure glaucoma.
Thromboprophylaxis in Patients with Acute Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review
Authors: Schulman Sam , Piran Siavash
Published: February 2019

Patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) have the highest risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among hospitalized patients. The incidence of total deep vein thrombosis ranges from 50 to 100% in untreated patients and pulmonary embolism is the third most common cause of mortality in these patients. The pathophysiology of the increased risk of VTE is explained by venous stasis after injury, endothelial vessel wall injury from surgery, and a hypercoagulable state associated with trauma. The current thromboprophylaxis options are limited, with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) being the current standard of care. LMWH is commonly administered for 3 months, during which period the risk of VTE is especially high. Some uncertainty exists regarding the optimal timing to initiate pharmacological thromboprophylaxis and the best regimen of LMWH prophylaxis. High-quality data are currently lacking in thromboprophylaxis in patients with SCI. Many questions in this area remain to be answered, which are described in this narrative review.
Label-free detection of Escherichia coli bacteria by cascaded chirped long period gratings immunosensor
Authors: Kaushik Siddharth , Tiwari Umesh , Nilima  , Prashar Shivendu , Das Bhargab , Sinha Ravindra K.
Published: February 2019

An optical fiber based immunosensing platform formed by two identical chirped long period gratings (CLPGs) for sensitive and label-free detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is presented. The proposed immunosensor having two CLPGs with an inter-grating space (IGS) works like a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The important feature of this sensor is that by changing the refractive index (RI) induced phase at the IGS region, a corresponding shift in resonance wavelength can be realized without affecting the actual grating region. Additionally, the confining bandwidth of the interference fringes promotes greater resolution in the resonance wavelength analysis of the transmission spectrum. The main aim of this study was the specific and rapid detection of the E. coli bacteria in phosphate buffer saline (detection range: 10 cfu/ml to 60 cfu/ml) by using the bio-functionalized IGS region as a sensing probe of the dual CLPG structure. The observed detection limit was 7 cfu/ml. For specificity analysis, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus were tested and no significant shift in resonance wavelength was observed. In addition, the proposed immunosensor has the ability to selectively detect E. coli in real samples including lake water. The high specificity, good sensitivity to ambient RI, and robustness of the developed sensing platform will open a new avenue in optical immunosensing technology, and cascaded long CLPG sensors can contribute significantly to the detection of pathogenic bacteria in water and food samples.
Ultrafast nonlinear transparency driven at a telecom wavelength in an organic semiconductor system
Authors: Park Joong-Mok , Cheng Di , Patz Aaron , Luo Liang , Liu Zhaoyu , Fungura Fadzai , Shinar Ruth , Ho Kai-Ming , Shinar Joseph , Wang Jigang
Published: February 2019

Ultrafast laser-induced transparency is demonstrated using femtosecond (fs) pump-probe experiments in the organic P3HT:PCBM (donor:acceptor) blend structure. For above band gap pumping, ultrafast transient signals strongly depend on the probe photon energy. Most intriguingly, for below band gap pumping at 0.95 eV, or 1.3 µm at a telecom wavelength, a huge transmission increase up to 30% only during the laser pulse ∼100 fs is observed as a pump-driven, quasi-instantaneous suppression of absorption for the high photon-energy energy probe beam. We attribute the observed laser-driven transparency to dynamic Franz-Keldysh effect, at least one order of magnitude stronger compared to the multiphoton nonlinearities. Our results may be used for development of low-cost, beyond 100 Gbit/s optical switching devices.
Anomalous carbon clusters in 4H-SiC/SiO2 interfaces
Authors: Kagoyama Y. , Okamoto M. , Yamasaki T. , Tajima N. , Nara J. , Ohno T. , Yano H. , Harada S. , Umeda T.
Published: February 2019

We investigated a metal-oxide-semiconductor interface of dry-oxidized (0001¯) 4H-SiC, which was known as the most electrically deteriorated SiC MOSFET, by electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) and observed a signal with an isotropic g factor (2.0024) and magnetic-field angular dependent signal widths. Judging from the g factor, the signal comes from sp2-bonded carbon clusters. In addition, we found that the angular dependence of EDMR signal widths was caused by two-dimensional dipolar broadening with exchange interaction between electron spins. However, the density of electron spins or carbon clusters was 5.4 × 1013 cm−2, which was not high enough for exchange interaction. Therefore, we propose inhomogeneous distribution of carbon clusters in the interface. At the interface, π* peaks from sp2-bonded carbon atoms were detected by electron energy loss spectroscopy. Scanning the electron beams along the interface revealed uneven existence of the π* peaks, which also proved that the sp2-bonded carbon atoms were distributed inhomogeneously in the interface. In addition, we found the formation of sp2-bonded carbon clusters at 4H-SiC(0001¯)/SiO2 interfaces and interaction between π-conjugate electron spins on the carbon clusters by first principles calculation. Such carbon clusters generated electrically active states widely in the energy gap of 4H-SiC. The states result in the Fermi level pinning of the MOSFET.
Nanoscale 3D characterisation of soft organic material using conductive scanning probe tomography
Authors: Chintala Ravi Chandra , Wood Sebastian , Blakesley James C. , Favia Paola , Celano Umberto , Paredis Kristof , Vandervorst Wilfried , Castro Fernando A.
Published: February 2019

The 3D nanostructure of organic materials plays a key role in their performance in a broad range of fields, from life sciences to electronics. However, characterising the functionality of their morphologies presents a critical challenge requiring nanometre resolution in 3 dimensions and methods that do not excessively distort the soft matter during measurement. Here we present scanning probe tomography using a commercial Pt-Ir coated tip and controlling the tip loading force to sequentially characterise and remove layers from the surface of a sample. We demonstrate this process on a sample exhibiting a polymer nanowire morphology, which is typically used for organic electronic applications, and present a tomographic reconstruction of the nanoscale charge transport network of the semi-crystalline polymer. Good electrical connectivity in 3D is demonstrated by directly probing the electrical properties of the inter-nanowire charge conduction.
Counter-directional polariton coupler
Authors: Klaas M. , Beierlein J. , Rozas E. , Klembt S. , Suchomel H. , Harder T. H. , Winkler K. , Emmerling M. , Flayac H. , Martín M. D. , Viña L. , Höfling S. , Schneider C.
Published: February 2019

We report on an on-chip routing device for propagating condensates of exciton-polaritons. This counter-directional coupler implements signal control by a photonic microdisk potential, which couples two lithographically defined waveguides and reverses the condensate's propagation direction. By varying the structural sizes, we utilize the conjunction of the different dimensionalities to additionally evidence the functionality of a polaritonic resonant tunnel diode. Furthermore, we investigate the ultra-fast dynamics of the device via ps-resolved streak camera measurements, which is distinctive for the polariton platform. This scalable, all-directional coupler element is a central building block for compact non-linear on-chip photonic architectures.
Constant-adiabaticity radiofrequency pulses for generating long-lived singlet spin states in NMR
Authors: Rodin Bogdan A. , Sheberstov Kirill F. , Kiryutin Alexey S. , Hill-Cousins Joseph T. , Brown Lynda J. , Brown Richard C. D. , Jamain Baptiste , Zimmermann Herbert , Sagdeev Renad Z. , Yurkovskaya Alexandra V. , Ivanov Konstantin L.
Published: February 2019

A method is implemented to perform “fast” adiabatic variation of the spin Hamiltonian by imposing the constant adiabaticity condition. The method is applied to improve the performance of singlet-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments, specifically, for efficient generation and readout of the singlet spin order in coupled spin pairs by applying adiabatically ramped RF-fields. Test experiments have been performed on a specially designed molecule having two strongly coupled 13C spins and on selectively isotopically labelled glycerol having two pairs of coupled protons. Optimized RF-ramps show improved performance in comparison, for example, to linear ramps. We expect that the methods described here are useful not only for singlet-state NMR experiments but also for other experiments in magnetic resonance, which utilize adiabatic variation of the spin Hamiltonian.
An overview of the extremal index
Authors: Moloney Nicholas R. , Faranda Davide , Sato Yuzuru
Published: February 2019

For a wide class of stationary time series, extreme value theory provides limiting distributions for rare events. The theory describes not only the size of extremes but also how often they occur. In practice, it is often observed that extremes cluster in time. Such short-range clustering is also accommodated by extreme value theory via the so-called extremal index. This review provides an introduction to the extremal index by working through a number of its intuitive interpretations. Thus, depending on the context, the extremal index may represent (i) the loss of independently and identically distributed degrees of freedom, (ii) the multiplicity of a compound Poisson point process, and (iii) the inverse mean duration of extreme clusters. More recently, the extremal index has also been used to quantify (iv) recurrences around unstable fixed points in dynamical systems.
Measuring heat flux beyond Fourier’s law
Authors: Smith E. R. , Daivis P. J. , Todd B. D.
Published: February 2019

We use nonequilibrium molecular dynamics to explore the effect of shear flow on heat flux. By simulating a simple fluid in a channel bounded by tethered atoms, the heat flux is computed for two systems: a temperature driven one with no flow and a wall driven, Couette flow system. The results for the temperature driven system give Fourier’s law thermal conductivity, which is shown to agree well with experiments. Through comparison of the two systems, we quantify the additional components of the heat flux parallel and normal to the walls due to shear flow. To compute the heat flux in the flow direction, the Irving-Kirkwood equations are integrated over a volume, giving the so-called volume average form, and they are also manipulated to get expressions for the surface averaged and method of planes forms. The method of planes and volume average forms are shown to give equivalent results for the heat flux when using small volumes. The heat flux in the flow direction is obtained consistently over a range of simulations, and it is shown to vary linearly with strain rate, as predicted by theory. The additional strain rate dependent component of the heat flux normal to the wall is obtained by fitting the strain rate dependence of the heat flux to the expected form. As a result, the additional terms in the thermal conductivity tensor quantified in this work should be experimentally testable.
Self-induced liquid crystal q-plate by photoelectric interface activation
Authors: Kravets Nina , Podoliak Nina , Kaczmarek Malgosia , Brasselet Etienne
Published: February 2019

Here, we report on the experimental demonstration that highly efficient self-induced spin-orbit optical vortex generation can be achieved by using standard liquid crystal materials and surface treatment agents. This is done by revisiting the recent attempt by Zolot'ko and coworkers to produce self-induced liquid crystal vortex plates using the dc electric field [I. A. Budagovsky, S. A. Shvetsov, and A. S. Zolot'ko, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 637, 47 (2016)] that remains, so far, limited to moderate efficiencies. The phenomenon is the result of the self-back-action of light arising from the spontaneous creation of a liquid crystal topological defect. These results demonstrate photo-electric interface activation as a candidate towards the development of a self-adapted spin-orbit photonic toolbox, thus enabling agile management of the orbital angular momentum of light.
Complexity surrounding an apparently simple Fermi resonance in p-fluorotoluene revealed using two-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence (2D-LIF) spectroscopy
Authors: Kemp David J. , Whalley Laura E. , Gardner Adrian M. , Tuttle William D. , Warner Lewis G. , Wright Timothy G.
Published: February 2019

Two-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence (2D-LIF) spectroscopy is a powerful tool allowing overlapped features in an electronic spectrum to be separated, and interactions between vibrations and torsions to be identified. Here the technique is employed to assign the 790–825 cm−1 region above the origin of the S1 ← S0 transition in para-fluorotoluene, which provides insight into the unusual time-resolved results of Davies and Reid [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 193004 (2012)]. The region is dominated by a pair of bands that arise from a Fermi resonance; however, the assignment is complicated by contributions from a number of overtones and combinations, including vibration-torsion (“vibtor”) levels. The activity in the 2D-LIF spectra is compared to the recently reported zero-electron-kinetic-energy spectra [Tuttle et al., J. Chem. Phys. 146, 244310 (2017)] to arrive at a consistent picture of the energy levels in this region of the spectrum.
Computational analysis method of local electrical conductive property in nano-size materials
Authors: Senami Masato , Nakanishi Makoto , Tachibana Akitomo
Published: February 2019

Two new local conductance quantities are studied. The ordinary global conductance may not be appropriate for the study of nanosize materials, while our new local conductance quantities have an advantage for the study of these materials. Graphene is chosen as a nano-material example for our study since graphene has a simple conduction property. The integrated value of our local conductances are compared to the conductance of the Landauer formula. The local conductances in various local regions in graphene sheet are studied, and it is demonstrated that our local conductances have good properties for the analysis of nanosize materials.
Numerical solutions of the fractional Fisher’s type equations with Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative by using spectral collocation methods
Authors: Saad K. M. , Khader M. M. , Gómez-Aguilar J. F. , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: February 2019

The main objective of this paper is to investigate an accurate numerical method for solving a biological fractional model via Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative. We focused our attention on linear and nonlinear Fisher’s equations. We use the spectral collocation method based on the Chebyshev approximations. This method reduced the nonlinear equations to a system of ordinary differential equations by using the properties of Chebyshev polynomials and then solved them by using the finite difference method. This is the first time that this method is used to solve nonlinear equations in Atangana-Baleanu sense. We present the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method by computing the absolute error and the residual error functions. The results show that the given procedure is an easy and efficient tool to investigate the solution of nonlinear equations with local and non-local singular kernels.
Guide to Native Bees of Australia
Authors: Houston Terry
Published: February 2019

Bees are often thought of as yellow and black striped insects that live in hives and produce honey. However, Australia’s abundant native bees are incredibly diverse in their appearance and habits. Some are yellow and black but others have blue stripes, are iridescent green or wasp-like. Some are social but most are solitary. Some do build nests with wax but others use silk or plant material, burrow in soil or use holes in wood and even gumnuts!
A Guide to Native Bees of Australia provides a detailed introduction to the estimated 2000 species of Australian bees. Illustrated with stunning photographs, it describes the form and function of bees, their life-cycle stages, nest architecture, sociality and relationships with plants. It also contains systematic accounts of the five families and 58 genera of Australian bees. Photomicrographs of morphological characters and identification keys allow identification of bees to genus level. Natural history enthusiasts, professional and amateur entomologists and beekeepers will find this an essential guide.
Secret Lives of Carnivorous Marsupials
Authors: Baker Andrew , Dickman Chris
Published: February 2019

Most living carnivorous marsupials lead a secretive and solitary existence. From tiny insect eaters to the formidable Tasmanian Devil, Secret Lives of Carnivorous Marsupials offers rare insight into the history and habits of these creatures – from their discovery by intrepid explorers and scientists to their unique life cycles and incredible ways of hunting prey.
Secret Lives of Carnivorous Marsupials provides a guide to the world’s 136 living species of carnivorous marsupials and is packed with never-before-seen photos. Biogeography, relationships and conservation are also covered in detail. Readers are taken on a journey through remote Australia, the Americas and dark, mysterious New Guinea – some of the last truly wild places on Earth. The book describes frenzied mating sessions, minuscule mammals that catch prey far larger than themselves, and extinct predators including marsupial lions, wolves and even sabre-toothed kangaroos.
Guide to Introduced Pest Animals of Australia
Authors: West Peter
Published: February 2019

Australia’s introduced vertebrate pest species cost at least $1 billion annually in economic, environmental and social impacts. The Guide to Introduced Pest Animals of Australia is a comprehensive, practical guide to 60 introduced pest animal species present in Australia, including 27 mammals, 18 birds, nine freshwater fish, two amphibians and four reptiles. It contains descriptive information to identify each species in the field, including distinctive physical characteristics, size, weight, colouration, diet, breeding behaviour, habitat preferences, and information about footprints, dung, scats and audible animal calls.
Each species profile is accompanied by practical management information, maps and high-quality photographs – allowing readers to learn about pest species in their local area, what problems they might cause, and what control options exist for management. This guide also contains a number of emerging high-risk pest species that may pose a significant threat to our natural environment, economy, agriculture and human health.
Whether you are a farmer, natural resource manager, public land manager, pest controller, teacher, student, field naturalist or wildlife ecologist, this easy-to-use guide will help you identify Australia’s most significant introduced pest animals in your local area.
Aboriginal Biocultural Knowledge in South-eastern Australia
Authors: Cahir Fred , Clark Ian , Clarke Philip
Published: February 2019

Indigenous Australians have long understood sustainable hunting and harvesting, seasonal changes in flora and fauna, predator–prey relationships and imbalances, and seasonal fire management. Yet the extent of their knowledge and expertise has been largely unknown and underappreciated by non-Aboriginal colonists, especially in the south-east of Australia where Aboriginal culture was severely fractured.
Aboriginal Biocultural Knowledge in South-eastern Australia is the first book to examine historical records from early colonists who interacted with south-eastern Australian Aboriginal communities and documented their understanding of the environment, natural resources such as water and plant and animal foods, medicine and other aspects of their material world. This book provides a compelling case for the importance of understanding Indigenous knowledge, to inform discussions around climate change, biodiversity, resource management, health and education. It will be a valuable reference for natural resource management agencies, academics in Indigenous studies and anyone interested in Aboriginal culture and knowledge.
Splendid Ghost Moths and Their Allies
Authors: Simonsen Thomas
Published: February 2019

The Hepialidae (Ghost Moths) are a family of often spectacular micro-moths. The Australian region is one of the hot spots for hepialid diversity and the fauna is divided into three groups: primitive Hepialidae with small, often overlooked species; oxycanine Hepialidae, containing the large and poorly known genus Oxycanus and its allies; and finally the hepialine Hepialidae, which span from stunning, green Splendid Ghost Moths in the genus Aenetus, to the enormous moths in the genera Zelotypia and Abantiades (which include some of the most impressive insects in the world), to smaller, drab pest species in the genus Oncopera.
Splendid Ghost Moths and Their Allies is the first work to provide comprehensive information about the taxonomy, biology, diversity and morphology of all 70 Australian hepialine Hepialidae species, including the descriptions of 15 species and one genus new to science. Each species is illustrated with colour photographs of males and females and drawings of the genitalia, and the book also contains identification keys to genera and species. Distribution maps and detailed information on where each species is found are included, as well as a species richness map for the group in Australia. This book is an invaluable reference for moth enthusiasts, professional entomologists and nature conservationists alike.
Guide to Venomous and Medically Important Invertebrates
Authors: Bowles David , Swaby James , Harlan Harold
Published: February 2019

Though many are harmless and even beneficial, invertebrates are some of the world’s most feared and dangerous creatures.
Guide to Venomous and Medically Important Invertebrates describes the health threats posed by invertebrate groups worldwide, from physical pain and annoyance to disease transmission risk. Featuring clear photographs, distribution maps and descriptions of biological, physical and behavioural characteristics of key groups, this book aids identification of potentially harmful invertebrates. It also summarises personal protection measures to reduce the risk of attack and disease, and provides guidance on treatment.
This book will help to protect the health of travellers and serve as a reference for medical personnel working in high-risk areas, as well as those interested in entomology.
Effective Ecological Monitoring
Authors: Lindenmayer David , Likens Gene
Published: February 2019

Long-term monitoring programs are fundamental to understanding the natural environment and managing major environmental problems. Yet they are often done very poorly and ineffectively. This second edition of the highly acclaimed Effective Ecological Monitoring describes what makes monitoring programs successful and how to ensure that long-term monitoring studies persist.
The book has been fully revised and updated but remains concise, illustrating key aspects of effective monitoring with case studies and examples. It includes new sections comparing surveillance-based and question-based monitoring, analysing environmental observation networks, and provides examples of adaptive monitoring.
Based on the authors’ 80 years of collective experience in running long-term research and monitoring programs, Effective Ecological Monitoring is a valuable resource for the natural resource management, ecological and environmental science and policy communities.
Characterization of a novel thermostable carboxylesterase from thermoalkaliphilic bacterium Bacillus thermocloaceae
Authors: Yang Youri , Ghatge Sunil , Hur Hor-Gil
Published: February 2019

A novel thermostable carboxylesterase (Est5250) of thermoalkaliphilic bacterium Bacillus thermocloaceae was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and its biochemical properties were investigated. Est5250 showed optimum esterase activity at 60 °C and pH 8.0. The enzyme was highly thermostable at 60 °C, interestingly, the thermostability was enhanced in the presence of Ca2+, retaining more than 60% of its original activity after 12 h of pre-incubation. Est5250 was active in the presence of 1% (v/v) of organic solvents and 0.1% (v/v) of non-ionic detergents. The enzyme activity was significantly enhanced up to 167% and 159% in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol, respectively. Est5250 showed high substrate specificity for short-chain p-nitrophenyl-esters. Kinetic constants, Km and kcat, for p-nitrophenyl-acetate were 185.8 μM and 186.6 s−1, respectively. Est5250 showed outstanding thermostability and tolerance to various organic solvents under thermoalkaliphilic conditions, suggesting that it would be a highly suitable biocatalyst for various biotechnological applications.

Abbreviations:  B. thermocloaceae sp.: Bacillus thermocloaceae; E. coli: Escherichia coli; NP: nitrophenyl; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; DMF: dimethyl formamide; EGTA: ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; CTAB: cetrimonium bromide; PMSF: phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; DEPC: diethyl pyrocarbonate; 2-ME: 2-mercaptoethanol; DTT: dithiothreitol
Orally administered collagen peptide protects against UVB-induced skin aging through the absorption of dipeptide forms, Gly-Pro and Pro-Hyp
Authors: Lee Hyun-Jun , Jang Hye-Lim , Ahn Dong-Kyu , Kim Hun-Jung , Jeon Hee Young , Seo Dae Bang , Lee Ji-Hae , Choi Jin Kyu , Kang Seok-Seong
Published: February 2019

Collagen hydrolysate is a well-known nutritional supplement for the improvement of healthy skin. Here, collagen peptide NS (CPNS) from fish scale was prepared, and its physicochemical properties were investigated. Gly-Pro was revealed as a representative low molecular weight peptide of CPNS, by performing prep-HPLC and LC-MS/MS. CPNS treatment attenuated matrix metalloproteinase-1 production and increased the synthesis of type 1 procollagen in HDF cells. After orally administering CPNS to rats, the plasma concentrations of Gly-Pro and Pro-Hyp increased dramatically. To examine the protective effects of CPNS against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced photoaging in vivo, the dorsal skins of hairless mice were exposed to UVB and supplemented with CPNS for 12 weeks. The CPNS consumption significantly attenuated UVB-induced wrinkle formation, transepidermal water loss, and epidermis thickness, and increased skin hydration. Collectively, these results suggest that bioactive peptides of CPNS, Gly-Pro and Pro-Hyp, exert beneficial effects on skin health.
Stability of piperacillin sodium-tazobactam sodium and ranitidine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride injection during simulated Y-site administration
Authors: Choi Jun-Shik , Burm Jin-Pil , Jhee Stanford S. , Chin Alfred , Ulrich Robert W. , Gill Mark A.
Published: February 2019

The stability of piperacillin sodium plus tazobactam sodium and ranitidine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride injection during simulated Y-site administration was studied.

Triplicate test solutions of piperacillin 40 mg/mL plus tazobactam 5 mg/mL (as the sodium salts) or piperacillin 80 mg/mL plus tazobactam 10 mg/mL (as the sodium salts) were mixed 1:1 with ranitidine 0.5 and 2.0 mg/mL (as the hydrochloride salt). The solutions were stored at 23°C, and samples were removed at zero, one, two, and four hours for measurement of drug concentration by stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography. At the time of sampling and before any dilution, each sample was visually inspected for color and precipitation, and pH was determined.

At all sampling times, the concentrations of piperacillin, tazobactam, and ranitidine were > 90% of initial concentrations. There were no substantial changes in pH or color.

Tazobactam 5 mg/mL (as the sodium salt) and ranitidine 0.5 and 2 mg/mL (as the hydrochloride salt) in 0.9% sodium chloride injection were stable for up to four hours during simulated Y-site administration. Piperacillin 80 mg/mL plus tazobactam 10 mg/mL (as the sodium salts) and ranitidine 0.5 and 2 mg/mL (as the hydrochloride salt) were stable for up to four hours during simulated Y-site administration.
Health Systems Research Ethics: Public Health Perspectives
Authors: Pratt Bridget , Hyder Adnan A.
Published: February 2019

This chapter focuses on the ethics of health systems research. It first explores the extent to which traditional bioethics principles—respect for persons, beneficence, and justice—are relevant to this growing field. It then demonstrates that, while these principles are pertinent to health systems research, they can be interpreted and applied differently relative to biomedical research. Upholding justice, for example, entails ensuring that projects not only fairly distribute benefits and burdens, but also specifically contribute to advancing global health justice. The chapter then argues that health systems research may further require the application of additional core ethical commitments to consider the full range of ethical issues arising in the field. Ethical commitments to public engagement, collaboration, and sustainability, which have been identified as core commitments of the field of health systems ethics, are suggested as necessary for responsible ethical oversight of health systems research. While the ethical issues discussed are globally relevant, the chapter assumes a deliberate (though not exclusive) focus on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
An Overview of Health Disparities in the Context of Public Health Ethics
Authors: Siegel Andrew W.
Published: February 2019

Health disparities have increasingly become an important area of examination for public health ethics. This chapter provides an overview of the ethics of health disparities, one of the dedicated sections of The Oxford Handbook of Public Health Ethics. It begins with background on health disparities and socioeconomic status, including a brief summary of some of the seminal research on the subject. It then provides an overview of the chapters in this section of the handbook, which address (1) the social determinants of health and the ethics and social justice arguments for reducing health disparities, (2) racial and ethnic health disparities, (3) some conflicts that arise between reducing health disparities and advancing population health, and (4) ethical considerations in the measurement of health inequity.
Reconciling Two Ethics Goals of Public Health: Reducing Health Disparities and Improving Population Health
Authors: Daniels Norman
Published: February 2019

Two central goals of public health—the traditional one of improving population health, and the more recent one of distributing that health fairly, including reducing health inequalities—are sometimes in tension. This chapter explores aspects of that tension, and argues that while we have social obligations to meet health needs, whatever their source, we may have extra reasons to reduce unjust health inequalities. A fair and deliberative process can reduce disagreements about what priority should be given to reducing health inequalities. The chapter examines issues of distributive justice and procedural justice, and how they interact with public health ethics.
Contraception and Public Health Ethics
Authors: RamaRao Saumya , Townsend John
Published: February 2019

This chapter discusses how potential conflicts between individual rights and public health goals can be managed in the context of contraceptive service delivery and research. It applies three ethical principles—respect for persons, beneficence, and justice—to illustrate how those tensions play out in a variety of challenging situations prevalent in the fields of family planning and reproductive health. That analysis is followed by a discussion of the consequences of those conflicts for health systems, family planning providers, and users of health systems. The chapter focuses on developing countries and makes relevant parallels for global policymaking and service delivery.