bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HDL-Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Lipid Profile in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis.
Authors: Ferraz-Amaro Iván , Delgado-Frías Esmeralda , Hernández-Hernández Vanesa , Sánchez-Pérez Hiurma , de Armas-Rillo Laura , Armas-González Estefanía , Machado José David , Diaz-Gonzalez Federico
Published: December 2020

Objective. It is well established that patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) have a disrupted lipid profile and an increased cardiovascular risk. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), the ability of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol to accept cholesterol from macrophages has been linked to cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to establish whether CEC and lipid profile were impaired in SSc patients respect to controls and whether these changes were associated with disease-related data. Methods. Cross-sectional study encompassed 188 individuals: 73 SSc patients and 115 controls. CEC, using an in vitro assay, and lipoprotein serum concentrations were assessed in patients and controls. A multivariable analysis was performed to study the differences in CEC between patients and controls, and if SSc-related data could explain such differences. Results. The multivariate analysis adjusted for demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and lipid-related molecules showed that total cholesterol (beta coefficient: -22 [95%CI -37- -7], p=0.004), triglycerides (beta coefficient: 24 [95%CI 2-47], p=0.033), lipoprotein A (beta coefficient: 22 [95%CI 2-43], p=0.033) and CEC (beta coefficient: -6 [95%CI -10- -2]%,p=0.002) were significantly differences between patients and controls. Skin thickness, as assessed by modified Rodnan skin score, was independently associated with a lower CEC (beta coefficient: -0.21 [95%CI -0.37- -0.05]%, p=0.011) after multivariable adjustment. Conclusion. SSc patients show an abnormal lipid profile with respect to controls including CEC. Skin thickness is independent and inversely associated with CEC in SSc patients.
Higher expression of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 in mild COVID-19 patients might be correlated with inhibition of Type I IFN signaling
Authors: Xi Xueyan , Guo Yang , Zhu Min , Wei Yuhui , Li Gang , Du Boyu , Wang Yunfu
Published: December 2020

Background: Chemokine levels in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have been shown to be markedly elevated. But the role of chemokines in mild COVID-19 has not yet been established. According to the epidemiological statistics, most of the COVID-19 cases in Shiyan City, China, have been mild. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of chemokines in mild COVID-19 patients and explore the correlation between chemokines and host immune response. Methods: In this study, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect serum levels of chemokines in COVID-19 patients in Shiyan City. Expression of chemokine receptors and of other signaling molecules was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: We first demonstrated that COVID-19 patients, both sever and mild cases, are characterized by higher level of chemokines. Specifically, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) is expressed at higher levels both in severe and mild cases of COVID-19. The receptor of MCP-1, C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), was expressed at higher levels in mild COVID-19 patients. Finally, we observed a significant negative correlation between expression levels of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and serum levels of MCP-1 in mild COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: Higher expression of MCP-1 in mild COVID-19 patients might be correlated with inhibition of IFN signaling. The finding adds to our understanding of the immunopathological mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and provides potential therapeutic targets and strategies.
Transcriptome Analysis of Acer truncatum Seeds Reveals Candidate Genes Related to Oil Biosynthesis and Fatty Acid Metabolism
Authors: Ma Qiuyue , Li Shushun , Wen Jing , Zhu Lu , Yan Kunyuan , Li Qianzhong , Li Shuxian , Zhang Bin
Published: December 2020

Acer truncatum seeds are an excellent source of beneficial natural compounds, including high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), that promote health. Recently, A. truncatum has emerged as an oil crop. Therefore, the transcriptomes of A. truncatum seeds at 70, 85, 100, 115, 145, 180 days after flowering (DAF) were analyzed to gain a better understanding of the transcriptional and translational regulation of seed development and oil biosynthesis. A total of 28,438 genes were identified, and 3069/2636, 3288/3438, 1319/2750, and 5724/5815 upregulated/downregulated genes were identified when comparing different samples with 85 DAF seeds. Sixteen lipid metabolism pathways with 754 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 34 DEGs associated with UFA biosynthesis. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that six putative fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes clustered into five FAD groups. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the temporal expression patterns of oil biosynthesis genes and transcription factors were largely similar to the RNA sequencing results. The results of this study will enhance the current understanding of oil metabolism in A. truncatum seeds and allow new methods of improving oil quality and seed yield in the future.
The Discriminant Analysis Approach for Evaluating Effectiveness of Learning in an Instructor-Led Virtual Classroom
Authors: Magdalene Delighta Angeline D. , Ramasubramanian P. , Samuel Peter James I.
Published: December 2020

The effective learning requires putting down various associations of new ideas to old ones to integrate some innovative thoughts. The learners must change the associations among the things they already know, or even reject some long-held attitude about the world. The choice to the essential reformation is to deform the new information to fit their old ideas or to reject the new information entirely. Learners come to the classroom with their own ideas, some may be correct and some may not be, concerning roughly each topic they are expected to come across. If their perception and misunderstanding are unnoticed or discharged out of control, it affects the learning of a learner. The learners must be encouraged to build up new observation by seeing how such observation helps them make better sense of the world. The objective of this research paper is to put down the fundamentals of learning that promotes effective learning in an instructor-led virtual classroom and to analyze the learners’ learning performance using the Discriminant Analysis, a data mining technique. The Discriminant Analysis uses statistically significant determinants to predict learners’ learning in a classroom.
Recommendations for High-Stakes Examinations for Public Malaysian Medical Faculties during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Baharuddin Kamarul Aryffin , Abdul Rahim Ahmad Fuad , Abdul Aziz Faridah , Abdul Manap Roslina , Omar Ahmad Marzuki , Singmamae Nariman , Zulkifli Noor Fadzilah , Ismail Salwani , Omar Effat , Kadir Fairrul , Mohtarrudin Norhafizah , Mohd Noor Mohd Azhar , Ismail Muhd Al-Aarifin , Mat Pa Mohamad Najib , Mohd Ismail Zul Izhar , Nik Lah Nik Ahmad Zuky
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic forced the Deans’ Council of Public Malaysian Medical Faculties to tackle the issue of examinations in the face of movement control orders (MCO). A task force decided that final professional examination is necessary and three recommendations have been proposed. Online examination is among the best option with strict adherence to the Malaysian Medical Council guidelines. The majority of the universities used a Moodle-based Learning Management System; the examination will therefore mainly cover cognitive outcomes focusing on final professional exit examinations. It felt that cheating, although a real issue, is manageable and came up with several recommendations for the implementation based on likely outcomes of the MCO.
“Should I Be Continued Breathing?”: Management of Life Limiting Condition from Islamic Ethical Perspective
Authors: Hazlan Siti Nur Haidar , Mazlan Nur Aishah , Kabir Ahmad Farah Syazana , Taib Fahisham
Published: December 2020

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the most recognised life-limiting conditions in paediatric palliative care. Despite the advancement of medical technology, many children with severe SMA die early. Often, managing physicians are trapped in dilemma whether to go all-out treating these patients or to be more conservative using palliative approach, knowing our limited resources and the futility of the treatment outcome. This article discusses the challenging aspect of managing these patients by using Islamic medical ethics to resolve this dilemma.
Neurological Examination Techniques of Speech in Bahasa Malaysia for Adults: Simple Approach Practiced in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
Authors: Noorsham Abdul Haleem , Abdullah Mohamad Muhaimin , Abdul Halim Sanihah , Ghani Abdul Rahman Izaini , Idris Zamzuri , Abdullah Jafri Malin
Published: December 2020

There are four classification levels for speech disorders namely dysphonia, dysarthria, dysprosody and dysphasia. In general, speech examination mainly focuses on three main components that are spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, and oral motor examination. Quick bedside assessment on speech in Bahasa Malaysia is essential to assist the speech language therapist (SLT) and other physicians to determine the disorders. Speech therapy is also essential in monitoring and continuous assessment for patients with speech and language disorders such as dysphasia and dysarthria. Speech clinicians in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) have been adapting two most widely used batteries of speech assessment tools namely Western aphasia battery-revised (WAB-R) by Andrew Kertesz and Boston diagnostic aphasia examination (BDAE). These tools have been modified into simple and validated speech assessments in Bahasa Malaysia. This video manuscript will demonstrate the use of both tools in performing bedside speech assessment for patients with speech disorders. The Bahasa Malaysia speech examination should not be difficult when WAB-R and BDAE speech assessment tools are applied. The aim of this simple approach using the adapted version of BDAE and WAB-R is to assist the clinician to achieve quick and accurate diagnosis with a validated scoring system.
The Effect of Surgical Intervention of Endometriosis to CA-125 and Pain
Authors: Abdul Karim Abdul Kadir , Abd Aziz Nor Haslinda , Md Zin Reena Rahayu , Mohd Mokhtar Norfilza , Shafiee Mohamad Nasir
Published: December 2020

Endometriosis is an inflammatory condition characterised by the presence of endometrial growth beyond the uterine cavity. It is a debilitating disease requiring multiple modalities of treatment. In considering surgery as the option of treatment, the benefits should outweigh the risk. Besides direct surgical risk, intervention may lead to a reduction of ovarian reserve, in addition to premature menopause and low fecundity. To date, there is an inconclusive evidence to support any specific parameters in monitoring disease progression following surgical intervention. Serum cancer antigen (CA)-125 is expressed by coelomic epithelium and has been extensively studied as a biomarker for endometriosis. Elevated expression of CA-125 has been shown in endometrial tissues and the marker increased indirectly from peritoneal irritation that accompanies an extensive form of endometriosis. Additionally, the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores have been used as an objective measurement for measuring pain, especially in a complex disease such as endometriosis. This review aims to consolidate a series of clinical trials that utilised CA-125 level and VAS score as tools for monitoring patients undergoing surgery for endometriosis.
Comparing the Effects of Pre-loading with Gelatine 4% Plasma Volume Expander and 6% Hydroxyethyl Starch Solution Before Spinal Anaesthesia for Lower Limb Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Md Nizar Nur Dyana , Hassan Shamsul Kamalrujan , Mohamad Zaini Rhendra Hardy , Hassan Mohamad Hasyizan , Wan Hassan Wan Mohd Nazaruddin , Mazlan Mohd Zulfakar
Published: December 2020

Background: Hypotension is a common complication following spinal anaesthesia. The administration of intravenous fluids prior to spinal anaesthesia, known as pre-loading, has been used to offset the hypotension effect; however, the ideal fluid for pre-loading is still a matter of debate. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of Gelaspan 4% and Volulyte 6% as pre-loading fluids.
Methods: A total of 93 patients with American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II having lower limb orthopaedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia were randomised into two groups that received either Volulyte (n = 47) or Gelaspan (n = 46). Before the spinal anaesthesia, these patients were pre-loaded with 500 mL of the fluid of their respective group. Blood samples were taken before pre-loading and again after spinal anaesthesia and sent for venous blood gas and electrolyte level measurement. Baseline and intraoperative records of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and the requirement of ephedrine to treat hypotension were also recorded.
Results: Both fluids could not prevent significant reductions in SBP (P = 0.011), DBP (P = 0.002) and MAP (P = 0.001). There was also significant reduction in HR over time (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in terms of ephedrine usage between both groups. Neither Volulyte 6% nor Gelaspan 4% caused significant changes in acid-base status.
Conclusion: The use of 500 mL of either Gelaspan 4% or Volulyte 6% as pre-loading fluids did not significantly prevent the incidence of post-spinal anaesthesia hypotension following orthopaedic lower limb surgery; however, both were useful in the maintenance normal acid-base balance.
A Hospital-based Study on the Local Epidemiology of Pneumonia Including the Contribution of Legionella Pneumonia
Authors: Lourdesamy Anthony Albert Iruthiaraj , Zam Zarifah , Hussin Narwani
Published: December 2020

Background: In real-life practice, only 20% of hospitalised pneumonia cases have an identified etiology. The usage of Legionella urine antigen test (LUAT) in developed nations revolutionised case detection rates. Accordingly, our objectives were to study the microbiological etiology for hospitalised pneumonia patients and the diagnosis of Legionella pneumonia.
Methods: A prospective, observational single-centre study was conducted where all 504 cases that were consecutively admitted for pneumonia were enrolled. Blood and sputum samples obtained were used to identify pathogens using standard microbiological culture methods. The urine samples collected were tested using the ImmunocatchTM Legionella immunochromatographic (ICT) urine antigen test.
Results: A microbiological diagnosis was only achieved in 104 cases (20.6%) and a Gram-negative infection predominance was observed. Culture-positive cases required longer hospitalisation (8.46 days versus 5.53 days; P < 0.001) and the higher usage of antipseudomonal antibiotics (23.1% versus 8.3%; P < 0.001). Only 3 cases (0.6%) were diagnosed with Legionella pneumonia.
Conclusion: The local pathogen distribution is diverse compared to other regions. Culture-negative pneumonia is common and significantly differs from culture-positive pneumonia. Legionella pneumophila serotype 1 is not a common cause of pneumonia and LUAT did not help demystify the cause of culture-negative pneumonia.
READINESS OF RUSSIAN HIGHER EDUCATION TEACHERS TO WORK IN EDUCATIONAL INCLUSION SETTING
Authors:   The Ural Institute – branch of Russian presidential Academy of national economy and public administration under the President of the Russian Federation (Ekaterinburg), Kalugina .D.
Published: December 2020

the article deals with the problem of implementing inclusive education in Russianuniversities . Despite the fact that education (training?) for people with disabilities has been implemented at all levels of Russianeducationfor several years, the general attitude to it is ambiguous, as well as the attitudeof the teaching community. The author has conducted a social survey research trying to estimate University teachers’ readiness to work with groups where such students study. The research has revealed insufficient motivational and technological maturity level. Following this, the author providesrecommendations for overcoming these challenges.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM «PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION»: EXPERIENCE, PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Bashkir state pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla, Vakhidova Lucia V. , Gabitova Elvira M. ,   Bashkir state pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla, Saitova Lira R. ,   Bashkir state pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla, Startseva Oksana G. ,   Bashkir state pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla
Published: December 2020

The article describes the process of training future specialists under the program "Professional education", its features, conditions for implementation, aspects of further development, as well as some of the difficulties that arise during its organization. The focus of the department on how to create a new architecture of the educational process within the program "Professional education" is set by the leading principles: modularity, integrability, flexibility and dynamism, and methodological approaches - competence, activity-based, subject-oriented, environmental – were the basis for its development. As a result the authors presented a model for training a modern specialist with formed professional skills and personal and professional qualities, capable of being in demand in the labor market. The research results can be used in the educational process in the context of how to implement relevant programs in accordance with the new requirements in the educational services market. The rapid technologization of the socio-economic development of our society was reflected in the system of vocational education, designed to prepare highly qualified and competent specialists for the modern economy, science and industry. The transformation of the educational sphere is taking place under the influence of new technologies and human practices that change the social order. The determined infrastructural spheres have the greatest impact on this transformation, we are talking about "Communication Infrastructure": the sphere of information and communication technologies that affect all processes of accumulation and transmission of information; "Infrastructure of production and consumption": a financial and investment sphere, which sets the general rules for interaction in the economic and educational system. The above said made it possible to determine the further vector of educational activities of the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Vocational Education in training the specialists in "Professional Education" field both at the bachelor and master degrees.
WHISTLEBLOWING FOR FRAUD: PERSPECTIVE OF LEADERSHIP TYPES AND ACCOUNTABILITY PRESSURE
Authors: Sustika Aulia Damar , Utami Intiyas , Hapsari Aprina Nugrahesthy Sulistya
Published: December 2020

The increasing number of frauds has become a serious threat to stakeholders. The best method for preventing fraud is to disclose fraud in an organization. This study aims to examine the potential for whistleblowing actions undertaken by employees under transformational and transactional leadership styles. The method used in this study is a 2x2 experiment between research subjects involving 96 undergraduate students of a state university in Central Java. The results of this study prove that the subjects have greater whistleblowing intentions when they are under transformational leadership than transactional leadership, the subjects have greater whistleblowing intentions when they are under high accountability pressure than low accountability pressure, and the interaction between transformational leadership and high accountability pressure has a significant influence on whistleblowing intentions.
THE RELATION OF CORRUPTION POTENTIAL PERCEPTION WITH BUSINESS INTEGRATION, PUBLIC INTEGRATION, AND LOCAL INTEGRATION SYSTEM (FROM CORRUPTION PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS)
Authors: Kennedy Posma Sariguna Johnson , Lina Santi
Published: December 2020

Potential of corruption is a condition that allows corruption criminal to occur. This paper aims to see whether perceptions of potential corruption have a relationship with business integrity, public integrity, and local integrity systems. The research method used is analysis by looking at the relationship between variables using Rank Spearman test. The results indicate that perceptions of potential corruption have relationship with local integration systems, local integration systems have relationship with the perceptions of business integrity, and the perceptions of business integrity have relationship with public integrity. Thus there are findings that, the eradication of corruption can not be initiated from public integrity, but must be initiated by the improvement of a clean system.
THE ROLE OF LEADERSHIP, CORPORATE CULTURE REINFORCEMENT, AND HUMAN CAPITAL DIVISION IN PREVENTING FRAUD STUDY ON ISLAMIC BANKS
Authors: Yuliar Ade , Andraeny Dita
Published: December 2020

The rapid growth of Islamic Banking in Indonesia raises the risk of fraud as happened in Islamic Bank X in the last few years, in which the trend continues to increase. This study aims to unravel the root of fraud problem in Islamic Banking and strive to provide appropriate solutions in the prevention of fraud through qualitative approach. This study provides a formulation of role model and leadership policy through the reinforcement of organizational culture and the role of Human Capital Division as a step in the prevention of fraud.
HUMANITY IN THE ENFORCEMENT OF ANTI-CORRUPTION LAWS
Authors: Michael Tomy
Published: December 2020

The justice of the law in the context of the law always subjected to refraction meaning. The justice of law can’t be interpreted as specific but can be shown through deeds. The justice of the law which is considered better by most people not necessarily also have the same feeling with the justice of the law. There are various dimensions to distinguish it. In the context of the state, the leader is the main pedestal of enforcing the law on the laws and regulations in there. When the leader of a country is it where it as full support to the state institutions that overcome the problems of corruption, namely the Corruption Eradication Commission and the whole thing can run optimally. Advice taken, namely by forming laws and regulations based on humanity with other humans, namely the variation of the judgment. The judgment referred to is social work, exile to the island of the smallest, lethal injection and impoverishment through from the first of assets appropriately. Thus, humanity in enforcing anti-corruption laws can be run better by paying attention to the humanity of the injured party.
THE USE OF ONLINE SYSTEMS IN ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATION ACTIVITIES TO PREVENT FRAUD IN UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Nugraha M. Arif
Published: December 2020

Today most universities have used online system in their academic administration activities, such as in the preparation of study plan, the payment of tuition, and others. There are several reasons for switching the system from manual to online, one of which is to prevent fraud. This study aims to find out whether the use of online system in academic administration activities at higher education has run properly and effectively. This study employed descriptive approach by using an online questionnaire method with the aim to see the responses of several students regarding the use of online systems in academic administration activities at higher education. Questionnaires were distributed using an online system through the Google Form application, where the respondents were sent a link that refers to the Google Form page containing some questions that would be answered by the respondents. And the results can be in the form of a graph from the Google Form. With the form, it can be obtained description of the online system and the respondents’ knowledge regarding fraud in the college environment.
Sugar Substitutes and Sweeteners in Confectionery Technology
Authors: Reznichenko Irina , Shcheglov Mikhail
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Targeted diabetic confectionery for people with carbohydrate metabolism impairment includes sugar substitutes or sweeteners instead of sugar. At the same time, modified carbohydrate composition should guarantee high sensory characteristics of the finished product, production technology and the raw materials being the main quality factors. Certain safety requirements are imposed on sweeteners and sugar substitutes, and their daily intake is regulated. Sweeteners and sugar substitutes have various technological and functional properties that are taken into account when developing specialized confectionery products. In this regard, the search for substitutes of non-sugar nature is a relevant matter. The research objective was to analyze, systematize, and generalize international and domestic experience in the use of sweeteners and sugar substitutes in the technology of confectionery products.

Study objects and methods. The authors analyzed related scientific articles and legislative documents over the past ten years. The materials were obtained from Elibrary, Scimago Journal Country Rank, Scopus, and Scielo. The methods included analysis, systematization, and generalization.

Results and discussion. Technological exclusion of sugar from formulations of flour and sugar confectionery is a difficult task. Each of the currently known sweeteners and sugar substitutes has its advantages and disadvantages. The authors analyzed their specific features, technological properties, and consumption rates. They identified sweeteners that are widely used in technologies of sugar and flour confectionery products and do not affect the sensory characteristics of the finished product.

Conclusion. The range of sweeteners and sugar substitutes in confectionery technology is limited. The domestic and foreign experience of using sweeteners showed that stevioside and sorbitol are used both as sweeteners and in flour confectionery. Isomalt and lactitol proved effective in chocolate production, if used under optimal technological conditions. New scientifically based formulations and technologies for targeted confectionery for people with impaired carbohydrate metabolism and further research on the use of sweeteners and sugar substitutes will satisfy the increasing demand for these products and expand the range of healthy foods.
Extrusion of Plant Raw Materials in Food Production: A Review
Authors: Bakhchevnikov Oleg , Braginets Sergey
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The present review covers the issues of extrusion of plant raw materials in food industry. The authors analyzed foreign publications about various extrusion technologies, their rational parameters, and their effect on the properties of final products. Study objects and methods. The research featured extrusion methods of plant raw materials in food production. The review included scientific articles published in English in 2000–2020. Results and discussion. Extrusion is an effective processing method for plant raw materials in food industry. The analysis made it possible to define the effect of extrusion parameters on the components of plant raw materials. Extrusion increases digestibility of such plant components as protein and starch. High temperature, speed, and moisture are the optimal parameters for extrusion. High barrel temperature has a negative effect on vitamin and carotene content, while feed rate and screw speed are not important. Extrusion leads to complete mycotoxins reduction at critical temperatures. While high temperature and screw speed are important for process efficiency, they have a negative effect on the nutritional value of the final product. Conclusion. Optimal parameters of various raw materials and their compounds remain largely understudied, in spite of the fact that they are responsible for the balance between the required extrudate properties and nutritional value. Formation of nutrient complexes and their effect on the process parameters also require further research, especially in regard with protein-carbohydrate and amylaselipid complexes. In general, extrusion of plant raw materials remains a promising but largely neglected research topic in food science.
New Functional Formulations for Dry Seafood Concentrates and their Properties
Authors: Bogdanov Valery , Simdiankin Andrei , Pankina Anna , Mostovoi Vadim
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Nutrition has a significant impact on human health, performance, well-being, and lifespan. The research objective was to develop formulations for functional compositions of seafood cryoconcentrates.

Study objects and methods. The study featured concentrates obtained by cryotechnology from carcasses of Pacific squid (Todarodes pacificus), muscular shell of cucumaria (Cucumaria japonica), scallop mantle (Mizuhopecten yessoensis), octopus skin (Octopus dofleini), milt of Pacific herring (Pacific herring), and Japanese kelp (Laminaria japonica), as well as their multicomponent mixes. The content of biologically active substances was determined by the spectrophotometric method. The safety and biological value were biotested on Tetrahymena pyriformis.

Results and discussion. The dry seafood concentrates had a high content of protein, minerals, and biologically active components, i.e. hexosamines, triterpene glycosides, carotenoids, nucleic acids, etc. The seafood cryoconcentrate mixes were divided into fortifying, restoring, immunomodulating, and mineral. Their chemical composition varied greatly, depending on the functional aim of the mix. For instance, the protein content varied from 28.8 to 57.6%, lipids – from 3.1 to 6.9%, carbohydrates – from 15.0 to 35.9%, minerals – from 10.9 to 22.9%, and hexosamines – from 2.2 to 5.6%. The experiments made it possible to substantiate the composition of the dry mixes. The compilation principle was based on the chemical profile of the raw material, as well as on the choice of biologically active substances. All the dry seafood concentrates showed a high relative biological value. However, the values differed, depending on the type of raw material: from 65.5% for the scallop mantle sample to 86.3% for the octopus skin sample. The difference could be explained by the chemical composition of the cryopowders and their availability to ciliate enzymes.

Conclusion. The research resulted in formulations and functional mixes of dry seafood concentrates obtained by cryotechnology. The dry seafood concentrates can be used both independently and as functional compositions. The developed mixes demonstrated rather high content of animal proteins, minerals, and biologically active substance, e.g. hexosamines, triterpene glycosides, carotenoids, nucleic acids, etc. Their functional compositions proved to have excellent sensory properties; they are biologically safe for human consumption and have a high relative biological value.
Correction of the Carbohydrate Composition of Raw Materials for Microbial Transformation Based on Microbial Consortia
Authors: Kondratenko Vladimir , Posokina Natalia , Lyalina Ol’ga , Kolokolova Anastasiay , Glazkov Sergey
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Fermentative processing of plant raw materials is traditionally carried out using native (epiphytic) microflora, which is located on the surface and represented by lactic acid microorganisms. During this process, the carbohydrates in the raw material are metabolized into lactic acid. This process does not always result in optimal product quality as the raw material often lacks carbohydrates, the optimal conditions for the development of the target microflora are hard to achieve, the microflora might be inhibited by contaminants, etc. Lactic acid microbial consortia can act as a good alternative to spontaneous fermentation of cabbage as this method creates good conditions for the microbial synergistic interaction. Such fermentation process can be controlled by adjusting the carbohydrate composition of the substrate. The research objective was to develop an analytical approach to determine the minimum required degree of change in the native carbohydrate composition of substrate that would ensure the synergy of lactic acid microorganisms.

Study objects and methods. The fermentation process was performed using white cabbage of Slava variety and such strains of lactic acid microorganisms as Lactobacillus casei VCM 536, Lactobacillus plantarum VCM B-578, and Lactobacillus brevis VCM B-1309, as well as their paired consortia. The raw material was subjected to grinding, and the epiphytic microflora was removed to create optimal conditions for the development of the lactic acid microflora.

Results and discussion. The study made it possible to define the dynamics of carbohydrate fermentation in white cabbage by various strains of lactic bacteria and their paired consortia during processing. Mathematical models helped to describe the dynamics of glucose and fructose fermentation. The experiment also demonstrated the changes that occurred in the interaction within the paired consortia during fermentation. The paper introduces a new approach to determining the minimum required degree of change in the native carbohydrate composition required to ensure synergy of lactic acid microorganisms in paired consortia.

Conclusion. The research defined the necessary amounts of carbohydrate needed to shift the integral factor of mutual influence towards sustainable synergy for three paired consortia. Consortium L. brevis + L. plantarum + 3.65 g/100 g of fructose proved to be the optimal variant for industrial production of sauerkraut from white cabbage of Slava variety. The developed approach can improve the existing industrial technologies of fermentation and create new ones.
Façade Solar Control and Shading Strategies for Buildings in the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Di Salvo Santina
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the growing awareness of the possibilities of biomimetic and adaptive materials in architecture has assumed a fundamental importance in the scientific domain, for the high performance of the building façades from an environmental point of view. To meet the housing and comfort needs in climates, such as the ones in the Mediterranean zones, characterized by ever-increasing temperatures, architectural technology must collaborate with nature in an even more decisive way, through increasingly smart and sustainable solutions. The paper reviews a collection of good practice examples of advances in material science, and the method used is to analyze the current performance of and building envelopes with smart façade skins, in order to suggest some potential applications in the Mediterranean basin and regions of the world with similar climatic characteristics.The latter case studies, especially, show built examples of adaptive buildings that could be adopted for use in Mediterranean regions. When the climate characteristics are somehow different, the good practices from elsewhere can be implemented in an innovative way.
Estimation of the frost resistance of the strawberry
Authors: Ozherelieva Zoya , Prudnikov Pavel , Zubkova Marina
Published: December 2020

As a result of the experiment, it was found that an increase in bound water and a decrease in free water in the leaves in the autumn are characteristic of strawberry plants against the background of a decrease in the level of total water content. The maximum ratio of bound water to free water based on the accumulation of sucrose and the amino acid proline was established in such varieties as ‘Solovushka’, ‘Tsaritsa’, ‘Sara’ and ‘Korona’. A high level of correlation was noted between the minimum air temperature and physiological and biochemical indicators of the formation of frost resistance of strawberries. A high correlation was established between the degree of freezing tolerance of strawberry plants and the fractional composition of water at the beginning of winter. In the early winter, the frost-resistant strawberry varieties ‘Solovushka’, ‘Rosinka’, ‘Tsaritsa’, ‘Korona’ and ‘Sara’ were characterized. The ability to stably maintain frost resistance during the winter thaw was shown by the varieties ‘Solovushka’, ‘Tsaritsa’ and ‘Korona’. As a result of the studies, frost-resistant strawberry varieties — ‘Solovushka’, ‘Tsaritsa’ and ‘Korona’ — were isolated.
Hand hygiene innovation for low income households in India
Authors: Gibson Walter T. , Trevaskis Helen , Raman R. V. , Chauhan Ayush , George Babitha , Singh Neha , Roongta Akshay , Krishnaswamy Rikta , Andrade Nalini , Curtis Valerie
Published: December 2020

Our objective was to explore and prototype new products to facilitate improved hand hygiene after defecation by overcoming the constraints associated with soap use in low income settings, specifically urban slums in India. We used a systematic user-centred innovation process which led to the design of two products with user appeal ready for market trials, and one further concept ready for feasibility testing and further product development.
Adequacy assessment of an urban drainage system considering future land use and climate change scenario
Authors: Afrin S. , Islam M. M. , Rahman M. M.
Published: December 2020

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, has been experiencing severe water-logging and urban flooding in the last few decades. In this paper, we estimate the peak storm runoff of Hatirjheel-Begunbari canal – the largest drainage system of the city – under different operational, land use and climate scenarios (2013, 2025 and 2040). Our method includes digital elevation model (DEM) reconditioning, watershed delineation, and development of future land use scenario. We apply HEC-RAS to check the adequacy of Begunbari canal cross-sections to carry peak runoff for the scenarios considered here. The Hatirjheel-Begunbari system is found to drain stormwater from ∼25% of the city. Within the system, built-up areas are increasing linearly by 0.8 Km2/year, whereas water body and wetlands are decreasing exponentially, which might increase the runoff coefficient by 11% in 2040 relative to 2013. Climate-induced change in rainfall intensity along with land-use change show three times higher runoff in 2040 than in 2013. Around 58% of canal cross-sections appear to be overflown at both banks while carrying a 5-year return period peak runoff under the 2013 scenario. For future scenarios, all sections seem to cause an overflow, which is alarming.
Green synthesis of Quercus coccifera hydrochar in subcritical water medium and evaluation of its adsorption performance for BR18 dye
Authors: Saleh Mohammed , Bilici Zeynep , Ozay Yasin , Yabalak Erdal , Yalvac Mutlu , Dizge Nadir
Published: December 2020

In this study, we investigated the production conditions of Quercus coccifera hydrochar, which is an inexpensive and easy available adsorbent, for the adsorption of Basic Red 18 (BR18) azo dye. The hydrochar was produced in the eco-friendly subcritical water medium (SWM). The effects of the pH (2–10), adsorbent size (45–106 μm), adsorbent dose (0.5–1.5 g/L), dye concentration (40–455 mg/L), and contact time (5–120 min) were studied via optimization experiments. The optimum conditions were pH 10, particle size of 45 μm, particle amount of 1.5 g/L, dye concentration of 455 mg/L, and 60 min. The removal efficiency increased sharply for the first 5 min; after that the removal efficiency reached a steady state at 60 min, with a maximum removal of 88.7%. The kinetic studies for the adsorption of BR18 dye in aqueous solution using hydrochar showed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to explain the relationship between adsorbent and adsorbate, and Freundlich isotherm was the most suitable model because of its high regression coefficient (R2) value. The intraparticle diffusion model was used to determine the adsorption mechanism of BR18 onto Q. coccifera acorn hydrochar. Desorption studies were also carried out using different types of acid and different molarities.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of a Septic Tank Combined with Anaerobic Filter, Filled with Plastic Residue, Including a Root Zone
Authors: Lira Vivian Silva , Freire Alice Gabriela , Fracácio Renata , Morais Leandro Cardoso
Published: December 2020

Considering the damages resulting from the dumping of waste in natura in the bodies of water and soil, an alternative system of treatment of domestic effluent with septic tank and an anaerobic filter was installed, following a root zone. The evaluation of the efficiency of the system was based on analyzes of the physical, chemical, biological variables and ecotoxicological tests (toxicity tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia). The conductivity values decreased after treatment (83.4%), from 3380 to 561 µS cm-1. The average efficiency of removal of organic matter was 88.75% and there was a significant decrease in BOD. The removal of phosphorus was 97.68% and nitrogen was 94.7%. The toxicity tests determined an LC50 = 1.70% for the raw effluent and in the treated effluent, an LC50 = 16.63%. The system achieved good efficiency in the reduction of all analyzed parameters. The use of a plastic residue as a filter element has proved quite feasible.
What Physical Aspects Influence Biochemical Activity in Soil in a Natural Landscape?
Authors: Sousa Valéria Rodrigues , Zago Leciana Menezes Souza , Ramalho Werther Pereira , Caramori Samantha Salomão
Published: December 2020

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of depth, seasonality and phytophysiognomies on the biochemical activity of soils in native Cerrado biome. Additionally, we listed which chemical parameters influence the activity of the microbiota and enzymatic activity in these environments. We selected eight sampling areas of Cerradão (Forest) and four areas of Cerrado (shrub land) and evaluated the chemical characteristics and biochemical activity. The depth, sampling site and seasonality directly affected soil metabolic activity. Microbial biomass carbon was influenced by interaction between soil depth and sampling site and the enzyme activity tends to be higher in the superficial layer of the soil. The analysis of redundancy showed strong influence of environmental variables (phosphorus and CTC) on the biological activity of the soil. Thus, the metabolic activity of microorganisms is highly influenced by intrinsic soil characteristics of each sampling site.
“Eles dividem pra dominar: Polarização política na Comunidade Quilombola do Cumbe, Ceará, Brasil"
Authors: Santos Anderlany Aragão dos , Aleida Villamizar Sayago Doris , De Souza Miller Francisca
Published: December 2020

A regularização de políticas públicas para comunidades quilombolas pode fomentar nas comunidades requerentes um conflito que as dividem em dois grupos – um que se autorreconhece quilombola e outro que nega a identidade. Esse conflito pode evoluir à polarização, minando a possibilidade de acordo entre os grupos. Buscamos, em estudo de caso, analisar como é construída a polarização na comunidade investigada e concluímos que a polarização provém dos discursos radicalizados dos agentes externos que têm interesses contrariados pela implementação dessas políticas. Esses agentes, ao associarem a identidade étnica à fraude e retrocesso, mobilizam parte da comunidade a fazer oposição. Embora esses discursos dissonem dos instrumentos das políticas em questão, polarizam a comunidade e paralisam processos de regularização dessas políticas. A multiplicação desses cenários demonstra a necessidade de atuação dos órgãos públicos na facilitação dos diálogos entre a comunidade para superação do conflito e aceleração da implementação dessas políticas nas comunidades requerentes.
Geosistêmica Paleodunar no Curso do Rio São Francisco
Authors: Pacheco Clecia Simone Gonçalves Rosa , Santos Reinaldo Pacheco dos , Costa Ingrid Maria Gomes dos Santos , Araujo Izabel Pesqueira Ribeiro
Published: December 2020

O Semiárido brasileiro abriga importantes registros eólicos com inúmeras formações de dunas inativas. As mudanças climáticas e ambientais ocorridas durante o Quaternário estão intrinsecamente ligadas à gênese e evolução dos depósitos arenosos nessa região, tomando como evidência suas características ambientais e disposição morfológicas. Buscou-se neste estudo compreender a ecodinâmica paleodunar desta paisagem, identificando os processos morfodinâmico-climático e os níveis de estabilidade desse sistema ambiental, visando à conservação desta ecorregião. A área investigada está bastante degradada e os processos de ocupação e uso dos solos, têm provocado impactos significativos, apresentando risco de destruição progressiva. O método adotado neste estudo embasou-se na abordagem morfodinâmica proposta por Tricart, na Teoria Geossistêmica e na Teoria GTP. Os resultados apontam forte degradação atrelada ao uso inadequado da terra e a retirada indiscriminada da vegetação que se converte numa dinâmica morfológica com predomínio da instabilidade. Assim sendo, mapeou-se a gênese dos fatores e processos naturais e antrópicos determinantes para a intensidade do grau de impactabilidade ambiental, assim como, sugeriu-se proposta de conservação para cada categoria de paisagem. Neste sentido, é imprescindível monitorar os processos erosivos, conservar a vegetação nativa e implantar uma política de gestão do uso e ocupação do solo baseadas nos preceitos da sustentabilidade socioambiental.
Avaliação dos Potenciais Riscos à Saúde Humana pela Presença de Metais no Solo e Água Subterrânea por Disposição Inadequada de Resíduos Sólidos na Cidade Industrial de Curitiba (CIC)
Authors: Sottoriva Ellen Mayara , Sottoriva Patrícia Raquel Da Silva , Carvalho Filho Marco Aurélio Da Silva , De Vasconcelos Eliane Carvalho , Gomes Priscila Rodrigues
Published: December 2020

A população mundial vem aumentando consideravelmente, altas taxas de consumo e produção, tiveram como consequência, uma geração de resíduos de 25% nos últimos 10 anos a qual superou o crescimento populacional, que foi de 13% no mesmo período. Foram gerados no Brasil somente no ano de 2013, cerca de 76 milhões de toneladas de resíduos sólidos, onde aproximadamente 28 milhões de toneladas foram destinados a lixões (ABRELPE, 2014 and IBGE, 2010). Este estudo avaliou os riscos à saúde humana pela presença de metais em solo e água subterrânea em uma área com disposição inadequada de resíduos na Cidade Industrial de Curitiba/PR. Para a análise de risco à saúde foi utilizada a metodologia Planilhas para Avaliação de Risco em Áreas Contaminadas sob Investigação, também chamada de Planilhas CETESB. O modelamento indicou que existe risco potencial para as vias Inalação de vapores em ambiente fechado, contato dérmico e ingestão de água subterrânea.
Revisión Conceptual y Analítica de los Informes Contables: La Necesidad de Pertinencia Multidimensional
Authors: Cano Mejía Vanessa , Arias Suárez Juan David
Published: December 2020

Este documento presenta una revisión analítica de la estructura, sentido y fines de la información producida por la contabilidad para la toma de decisiones. Mediante un método dialéctico de contrastación de argumentos, perspectivas académicas y evidencia empírica disponible, se hizo la revisión en torno a las variables de pertinencia, calidad, simetría y aportes de los informes contables antes las complejidades organizacionales actuales, en entornos globalizatorios, competitivos y de respuesta a las tendencias estandarizantes del modelo contable internacional. Como propuesta y hallazgo analítico, se presenta la idea de la multidimensionalidad contable como otra posibilidad de construcción de información para la toma de decisiones, basada en marcos más amplios de la realidad socioeconómica con aproximaciones a métricas financieras y no-financieras para consolidar una toma de decisiones direccionada hacia la pertinencia informativa acorde con las demandas de la realidad contextual y los stakeholders, y no sólo a los inversores, como el gran reto de las organizaciones contemporáneas.