bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Applications of Therapeutic Modalities Among Collegiate Athletic Trainers, Part I: Cryotherapy
Authors: Hawkins Jeremy R. , Hawkins Shawn W.
Published: January 2016

Cryotherapy is commonly used by athletic trainers, although evidence is inconsistent to support its usage. Data are also lacking as to how athletic trainers treat common injuries with cryotherapy. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how collegiate athletic trainers approach the use of cryotherapy and whether that usage reflects what little we know about the modalities. Survey results indicated great variability in respondents’ approaches to the treatment of an acute and subacute ankle sprain. Additional data are needed to create clear treatment guidelines with respect to cryotherapy. Certain aspects of the application of cryotherapy should be reviewed and use adjusted accordingly.
Increased internalization of complement inhibitor CD59 may contribute to endothelial inflammation in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Emin Memet , Wang Gang , Castagna Francesco , Rodriguez-Lopez Josanna , Wahab Romina , Wang Jing , Adams Tessa , Wei Ying , Jelic Sanja
Published: January 2016

Reduced protection against complement attack mediates endothelial inflammation in obstructive sleep apnea.
Destiny or chance?
Authors: Nalepa Grzegorz
Published: January 2016

Cancers are caused by interplay between inborn and acquired factors.
Skeletal muscle TLR4 and TACE are associated with body fat percentage in older adults
Authors: Timmerman Kyle L. , Connors Ian D. , Deal Michael A. , Mott Rachael E.
Published: January 2016

Elevated skeletal muscle expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been linked to increased inflammation in clinical populations. TNFα converting enzyme (TACE), which cleaves membrane-bound TNFα (mTNFα) to its soluble (sTNFα) and more bioactive form, has been linked to chronic disease. In contrast, higher physical activity level is associated with decreased chronic disease risk and inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between physical activity and skeletal muscle TLR4, TACE, and TNFα in older adults. In 26 older adults (age = 68 ± 4 years, body mass index = 26 ± 3 kg·m−2), self-reported physical activity (kcal·week−1), estimated maximal oxygen consumption, and body composition (air plethysmography) were measured. TLR4, TACE, mTNFα, and sTNFα were measured in skeletal muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) using western blot analyses. Pearson product-moment correlations were run between variables. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Skeletal muscle TACE was directly associated with sTNFα (r = 0.53, p < 0.01). Linear regression modeling showed that mTNFα and TACE expression were predictive of sTNFα expression. No correlations were observed between physical activity and TLR4, TACE, or sTNFα. Percent body fat was directly associated with skeletal muscle TLR4 (r = 0.52, p < 0.01) and TACE (r = 0.50, p < 0.01), whereas fasting blood glucose was directly associated with TACE and sTNFα. In conclusion, we found that percent body fat was directly associated with TLR4 and TACE expression in skeletal muscle of older adults. These findings suggest that elevated skeletal muscle expression of TLR4 and TACE may contribute to the augmented inflammation and chronic disease risk observed with increased adiposity.
Non-Abelian BFFT embedding, Schrödinger quantization and the field–antifield anomaly of the O(N) nonlinear sigma model
Authors: de Abreu E. M. C. , Ananias Neto J. , Mendes A. C. R. , Oliveira-Neto G.
Published: January 2016

We have embedded the [Formula: see text] nonlinear sigma model in a non-Abelian gauge theory. After that as a first class-system, it was quantized using two different approaches: the functional Schrödinger method and the nonlocal field–antifield procedure. First, the quantization was performed with the functional Schrödinger method, for [Formula: see text], obtaining the wave functionals for the ground and excited states. Second, using the well-known BV formalism, we have computed the one-loop anomaly. This result shows that the classical gauge symmetries, which appear due to the conversion via BFFT method, are broken at the quantum level.
A new bus lane on urban expressway with no-bay bus stop
Authors: Tian Zhao , Jia Limin
Published: January 2016

The sharp increase in residents and vehicles causes heavy traffic pressure in many cities. To ease traffic congestion, it has been the common sense that we should develop public transit system. The priority of the bus appears particularly necessary with the rapid development of the public transport system. The bus lane is an important embodiment of the bus priority. Focusing on the problem of the unreasonable dedicated bus lane (DBL) under the lower ratio of buses, this paper proposed a new bus lane with limited physical length. And this bus lane can reduce the lane-changing conflict caused by the buses and cars running on roads without bus lanes. Based on the cellular automata (CA) traffic flow model and the lane-changing behavior of the vehicle including the optional lane-changing and the mandatory lane-changing, a three-lane traffic model with an isolated no-bay bus stop is proposed. The ordinary three-lane traffic without a bus lane and the cases of traffic with a DBL or the proposed bus lane are simulated, and the comparisons in the form of the fundamental diagrams are made among them. It is shown that the no-bay bus stop can act as a bottleneck on the traffic flow because of the mandatory lane-changing behavior. Under a certain ratio of the bus number to the total vehicles number, (1) the traffic with the proposed bus lane has less lane-changing conflict and can provide higher traffic capacity than the ordinary traffic without a bus lane, (2) compared with the DBL, the proposed bus lane is advantageous in easing congestion on the ordinary lanes when the traffic flow is high and can avoid unreasonable allocation of the road resources.
Localization of electrons in internal frame
Authors: Satpathi Urbashi , Ghosh Sumit , Ray Ashim Kumar , Deo Prosenjit Singha
Published: January 2016

Localization of electrons in the internal frame of reference is well established in one dimension in the presence and absence of Coulomb interaction. We start from quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) ring and show the possibility of such a transition by going to a regime where it can be shown for electrons that just interact via Fermi statistics. We then give a proof that when the Q1D ring is made infinitely wide, then there will be such a localization even when Coulomb interaction is included. Finally, we also comment on dimensions greater than two.
Transport coefficients and Nernst signal of type-II superconductors under magnetic field
Authors: Tinh Bui Duc , Hoc Nguyen Quang
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we have studied the transport properties in two-dimensional superconductors in the frame of the Langevin approach to the time dependent Ginzburg–Landau equation. The electrical and thermoelectric conductivity, resulting from thermal fluctuations of the superconducting order parameter, are computed in the self-consistent Gaussian approximation for an arbitrarily strong electric field and a magnetic field. The Nernst signal, describing the Nernst effect in type-II superconductor under a magnetic field, is also calculated in linear response limit. We obtain analytical expressions for the electrical conductivity, the thermoelectric conductivity and the Nernst signal summing all Landau levels without need to cutoff higher Landau levels to treat an arbitrary magnetic field. Our results indicate that the electrical and thermoelectric conductivity are suppressed in high electric fields and the Nernst signal is in good agreement with experimental data on [Formula: see text].
Valuation of an Equity Interest
Authors: Schall Lawrence D.
Published: January 2016

The equity cash flow approach to valuing an equity interest is intuitive, rigorous, and practical, and is easily implemented using historical and forecasted statements of cash flows. This method is compared with popular alternatives. The equity cash flow equation for valuing equity is derived taking into account employee compensation expense in the form of equity participation (stock options and stock grants). This is of particular interest in light of the importance of options and grants as a form of compensation.
International Variations in the Benefits of Feasible Diversification Strategies
Authors: Chiou Wan-Jiun Paul , Boasson Vigdis W
Published: January 2016

We examine the international variations in portfolio diversification benefits from an angle of global wealth management. We directly model the impact of widely observed phenomenon, home bias and no short-sales, on international investments with the aim to establish feasible diversification strategies and to identify which countries and/or regions are target markets for wealth management. Our results indicate that investors in less developed countries, particularly in East Asia and South Asia, reap greater benefits from international diversification than investors in the rest of the world. These benefits are particularly noticeable in volatility reduction. Our results reveal important insights for global wealth management.
Numerical Analysis of Mixed Convection of Nanofluids Inside a Vertical Channel
Authors: Akgül M. B. , Pakdemirli M.
Published: January 2016

Laminar mixed convection of an Al[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]/water nanofluid inside a vertical channel is investigated numerically. Single-phase and two-phase Eulerian models are employed to analyze flow and thermal fields of the nanofluid in conjunction with the suitable expressions for the particle viscosity and effective particle thermal conductivity. The results of two-phase Eulerian model are compared with the single-phase model and with the published experimental data. Effects of the solid volume fraction, Reynolds number and Grashof number on the heat transfer performance of the nanofluid are investigated and discussed in detail.
An Element-Free Galerkin Method Based on Complex Variable Moving Kriging Interpolation for Potential Problems
Authors: Huang Yi , Tu Sanshan , Yang Hongqi , Dong Leilei
Published: January 2016

The moving Kriging interpolation (MKI) is an accurate approximation method that has the interpolating property. However, it is rarely used in meshless methods because of its low efficiency. In this paper, we proposed an efficient MKI method, the complex variable moving Kriging interpolation (CVMKI) method, for “domain” type meshless method. Further, we proposed the CVMKI-based element-free Galerkin (CVMKIEFG) method for 2D potential problems. CVMKIEFG is an efficient meshless method and can impose the essential boundary conditions directly and easily. We proposed two formulations for CVMKIEFG: the conventional formulation and the cell-based formulation. The latter formulation is proposed for higher efficiency. Three 2D example problems are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of CVMKIEFG.
Auslander-Reiten Sequences or Triangles Related to Rigid Subcategories
Authors: Lu Ming
Published: January 2016

Let 𝒞 be a triangulated category which has Auslander-Reiten triangles, and ℛ a functorially finite rigid subcategory of 𝒞. It is well known that there exist Auslander-Reiten sequences in mod ℛ. In this paper, we give explicitly the relations between the Auslander-Reiten translations, sequences in mod ℛ and the Auslander-Reiten functors, triangles in 𝒞, respectively. Furthermore, if 𝒯 is a cluster-tilting subcategory of 𝒞 and mod 𝒯 is a Frobenius category, we also get the Auslander-Reiten functor and the translation functor of mod 𝒯 corresponding to the ones in 𝒞. As a consequence, we get that if the quotient of a d-Calabi-Yau triangulated category modulo a cluster tilting subcategory is Frobenius, then its stable category is (2d-1)-Calabi-Yau. This result was first proved by Keller and Reiten in the case d=2, and then by Dugas in the general case, using different methods.
Gorenstein Projective Modules over Triangular Matrix Rings
Authors: Eshraghi H. , Hafezi R. , Salarian Sh. , Li Z. W.
Published: January 2016

Let R and S be Artin algebras and Γ be their triangular matrix extension via a bimodule SMR. We study totally acyclic complexes of projective Γ-modules and obtain a complete description of Gorenstein projective Γ-modules. We then construct some examples of Cohen-Macaulay finite and virtually Gorenstein triangular matrix algebras.
Isometry Groups of Some Dunwoody Manifolds
Authors: Spaggiari F. , Telloni A. I.
Published: January 2016

Dunwoody manifolds are an interesting class of closed connected orientable 3-manifolds, which are defined by means of Heegaard diagrams having a rotational symmetry. They are proved to be cyclic coverings of lens spaces (possibly 𝕊3) branched over (1,1)-knots. Here we study the Dunwoody manifolds which are cyclic coverings of the 3-sphere branched over two specified families of Montesinos knots. Then we determine the Dunwoody parameters for such knots and the isometry groups for the considered manifolds in the hyperbolic case. A list of volumes for some hyperbolic Dunwoody manifolds completes the paper.
Persistent Infections and Immunity in Ruminants to Arthropod-Borne Bacteria in the Family Anaplasmataceae
Authors: Brown Wendy C. , Barbet Anthony F.
Published: January 2016

Tick-transmitted gram-negative bacteria in the family Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales cause persistent infection and morbidity and mortality in ruminants. Whereas Anaplasma marginale infection is restricted to ruminants, Anaplasma phagocytophilum is promiscuous and, in addition to causing disease in sheep and cattle, notably causes disease in humans, horses, and dogs. Although the two pathogens invade and replicate in distinct blood cells (erythrocytes and neutrophils, respectively), they have evolved similar mechanisms of antigenic variation in immunodominant major surface protein 2 (MSP2) and MSP2(P44) that result in immune evasion and persistent infection. Furthermore, these bacteria have evolved distinct strategies to cause immune dysfunction, characterized as an antigen-specific CD4 T-cell exhaustion for A. marginale and a generalized immune suppression for A. phagocytophilum, that also facilitate persistence. This indicates highly adapted strategies of Anaplasma spp. to both suppress protective immune responses and evade those that do develop. However, conserved subdominant antigens are potential targets for immunization.
Pre-Meiotic Anther Development: Cell Fate Specification and Differentiation
Authors: Walbot Virginia , Egger Rachel L.
Published: January 2016

Research into anther ontogeny has been an active and developing field, transitioning from a strictly lineage-based view of cellular differentiation events to a more complex understanding of cell fate specification. Here we describe the modern interpretation of pre-meiotic anther development, from the earliest cell specifications within the anther lobes through SPL/NZZ-, MSP1-, and MEL1-dependent pathways as well as the initial setup of the abaxial and adaxial axes and outgrowth of the anther lobes. We then continue with a look at the known information regarding further differentiation of the somatic layers of the anther (the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer, and tapetum), with an emphasis on male-sterile mutants identified as defective in somatic cell specification. We also describe the differences in developmental stages among species and use this information to discuss molecular studies that have analyzed transcriptome, proteome, and small-RNA information in the anther.
High-Molecular-Weight Proanthocyanidins in Foods: Overcoming Analytical Challenges in Pursuit of Novel Dietary Bioactive Components
Authors: Neilson Andrew P. , O'Keefe Sean F. , Bolling Bradley W.
Published: January 2016

Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are an abundant but complex class of polyphenols found in foods and botanicals. PACs are polymeric flavanols with a variety of linkages and subunits. Connectivity and degree of polymerization (DP) determine PAC bioavailability and bioactivity. Current quantitative and qualitative methods may ignore a large percentage of dietary PACs. Subsequent correlations between intake and activity are hindered by a lack of understanding of the true PAC complexity in many foods. Additionally, estimates of dietary intakes are likely inaccurate, as nutrient databank values are largely based on standards from cocoa (monomers to decamers) and blueberries (mean DP of 36). Improved analytical methodologies are needed to increase our understanding of the biological roles of these complex compounds.
Phage-Host Interactions of Cheese-Making Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Mahony Jennifer , McDonnell Brian , Casey Eoghan , van Sinderen Douwe
Published: January 2016

Cheese production is a global biotechnological practice that is reliant on robust and technologically appropriate starter and adjunct starter cultures to acidify the milk and impart particular flavor and textural properties to specific cheeses. To this end, lactic acid bacteria, including Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc spp., are routinely employed. However, these bacteria are susceptible to infection by (bacterio)phages. Over the past decade in particular, significant advances have been achieved in defining the receptor molecules presented by lactococcal host bacteria and in the structural analysis of corresponding phage-encoded receptor-binding proteins. These lactococcal model systems are expanding toward understanding phage-host interactions of other LAB species. Ultimately, such scientific efforts will uncover the mechanistic (dis)similarities among these phages and define how these phages recognize and infect their hosts. This review presents the current status of the LAB-phage interactome, highlighting the most recent and significant developments in this active research field.
A Critical Look at Prebiotics Within the Dietary Fiber Concept
Authors: Verspreet Joran , Damen Bram , Broekaert Willem F. , Verbeke Kristin , Delcour Jan A. , Courtin Christophe M.
Published: January 2016

This article reviews the current knowledge of the health effects of dietary fiber and prebiotics and establishes the position of prebiotics within the broader context of dietary fiber. Although the positive health effects of specific fibers on defecation, reduction of postprandial glycemic response, and maintenance of normal blood cholesterol levels are generally accepted, other presumed health benefits of dietary fibers are still debated. There is evidence that specific dietary fibers improve the integrity of the epithelial layer of the intestines, increase the resistance against pathogenic colonization, reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer, increase mineral absorption, and have a positive impact on the immune system, but these effects are neither generally acknowledged nor completely understood. Many of the latter effects are thought to be particularly elicited by prebiotics. Although the prebiotic concept evolved significantly during the past two decades, the line between prebiotics and nonprebiotic dietary fiber remains vague. Nevertheless, scientific evidence demonstrating the health-promoting potential of prebiotics continues to accumulate and suggests that prebiotic fibers have their rightful place in a healthy diet.
Dealloying and Dealloyed Materials
Authors: McCue Ian , Benn Ellen , Gaskey Bernard , Erlebacher Jonah
Published: January 2016

A successful working model for nanoporosity evolution during dealloying was introduced 15 years ago. Since that time, the field has rapidly expanded, with research groups from across the world studying dealloying and dealloyed materials. Dealloying has grown into a rich field, with some groups focusing on fundamentals and mechanisms of dealloying, other groups creating new porous metals and alloys, and even more groups studying their properties. Dealloying was originally considered only in the context of corrosion, but now it is considered a facile self-organization technique to fabricate high-surface-area, bicontinuous nanoporous materials. Owing to their high interfacial area and the versatility of metallic materials, nanoporous metals have found application in catalysis, sensing, actuation, electrolytic and ultracapacitor materials, high-temperature templates/scaffolds, battery anodes, and radiation damage–tolerant materials. In this review, we discuss the fundamental materials principles underlying the formation of dealloyed materials and then look at two major applications: catalysis and nanomechanics.
Supramolecular Organization of Respiratory Complexes
Authors: Enríquez José Antonio
Published: January 2016

Since the discovery of the existence of superassemblies between mitochondrial respiratory complexes, such superassemblies have been the object of a passionate debate. It is accepted that respiratory supercomplexes are structures that occur in vivo, although which superstructures are naturally occurring and what could be their functional role remain open questions. The main difficulty is to make compatible the existence of superassemblies with the corpus of data that drove the field to abandon the early understanding of the physical arrangement of the mitochondrial respiratory chain as a compact physical entity (the solid model). This review provides a nonexhaustive overview of the evolution of our understanding of the structural organization of the electron transport chain from the original idea of a compact organization to a view of freely moving complexes connected by electron carriers. Today supercomplexes are viewed not as a revival of the old solid model but rather as a refined revision of the fluid model, which incorporates a new layer of structural and functional complexity.
Adropin acts in brain to inhibit water drinking: potential interaction with the orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR19
Authors: Stein Lauren M. , Yosten Gina L. C. , Samson Willis K.
Published: January 2016

Adropin, a recently described peptide hormone produced in the brain and liver, has been reported to have physiologically relevant actions on glucose homeostasis and lipogenesis, and to exert significant effect on endothelial function. We describe a central nervous system action of adropin to inhibit water drinking and identify a potential adropin receptor, the orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR19. Reduction in GPR19 mRNA levels in medial basal hypothalamus of male rats resulted in the loss of the inhibitory effect of adropin on water deprivation-induced thirst. The identification of a novel brain action of adropin and a candidate receptor for the peptide should extend and accelerate the study of the potential therapeutic value of adropin or its mimetics for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
Repeated administration of low-dose cisplatin in mice induces fibrosis
Authors: Sharp Cierra N. , Doll Mark A. , Dupre Tess V. , Shah Parag P. , Subathra Marimuthu , Siow Deanna , Arteel Gavin E. , Megyesi Judit , Beverly Levi J. , Siskind Leah J.
Published: January 2016

Cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic used for the treatment of solid cancers, has nephrotoxic side effects leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). Cisplatin cannot be given to patients that have comorbidities that predispose them to an increased risk for AKI. Even without these comorbidities, 30% of patients administered cisplatin will develop kidney injury, requiring the oncologist to withhold or reduce the next dose, leading to a less effective therapeutic regimen. Although recovery can occur after one episode of cisplatin-induced AKI, longitudinal studies have indicated that multiple episodes of AKI lead to the development of chronic kidney disease, an irreversible disease with no current treatment. The standard mouse model of cisplatin-induced AKI consists of one high dose of cisplatin (>20 mg/kg) that is lethal to the animal 3 days later. This model does not accurately reflect the dosing regimen patients receive nor does it allow for the long-term study of kidney function and biology. We have developed a repeated dosing model whereby cisplatin is given once a week for 4 wk. Comparison of the repeated dosing model with the standard dosing model demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were induced in the repeated dosing model, but levels of cell death were lower in the repeated dosing model. The repeated dosing model had increased levels of fibrotic markers (fibronectin, transforming growth factor-β, and α-smooth muscle actin) and interstitial fibrosis. These data indicate that the repeated dosing model can be used to study the AKI to chronic kidney disease progression as well as the mechanisms of this progression.
Shape-independent object category responses revealed by MEG and fMRI decoding
Authors: Kaiser Daniel , Azzalini Damiano C. , Peelen Marius V.
Published: January 2016

Neuroimaging research has identified category-specific neural response patterns to a limited set of object categories. For example, faces, bodies, and scenes evoke activity patterns in visual cortex that are uniquely traceable in space and time. It is currently debated whether these apparently categorical responses truly reflect selectivity for categories or instead reflect selectivity for category-associated shape properties. In the present study, we used a cross-classification approach on functional MRI (fMRI) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data to reveal both category-independent shape responses and shape-independent category responses. Participants viewed human body parts (hands and torsos) and pieces of clothing that were closely shape-matched to the body parts (gloves and shirts). Category-independent shape responses were revealed by training multivariate classifiers on discriminating shape within one category (e.g., hands versus torsos) and testing these classifiers on discriminating shape within the other category (e.g., gloves versus shirts). This analysis revealed significant decoding in large clusters in visual cortex (fMRI) starting from 90 ms after stimulus onset (MEG). Shape-independent category responses were revealed by training classifiers on discriminating object category (bodies and clothes) within one shape (e.g., hands versus gloves) and testing these classifiers on discriminating category within the other shape (e.g., torsos versus shirts). This analysis revealed significant decoding in bilateral occipitotemporal cortex (fMRI) and from 130 to 200 ms after stimulus onset (MEG). Together, these findings provide evidence for concurrent shape and category selectivity in high-level visual cortex, including category-level responses that are not fully explicable by two-dimensional shape properties.
Performance Characteristics and Temperature Compensation Method of Fluid Property Sensor Based on Tuning-Fork Technology
Authors: Chen Yuan , Mei Guifu , Yang Huanhuan , Yu Fei , Gao Jun
Published: January 2016

Fluid property sensor (FPS) based on tuning-fork technology is applied to the measurement of the contaminant level of lubricant oil. The measuring principle of FPS sensor is derived and proved together with its resolution. The performance characteristics of the FPS sensor, such as sensitivity coefficient, resolution, and quality factor, are analyzed. A temperature compensation method is proposed to eliminate the temperature-dependence of the measuring parameters, and its validity is investigated by numerical simulation of sensitivity, oscillating frequency, and dielectric constant. The values of purification efficiency obtained using microwave and without microwave are compared experimentally.
Irbesartan Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy by Suppressing the RANKL-RANK-NF-κB Pathway in Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice
Authors: Chen Xiao-Wen , Du Xiao-Yan , Wang Yu-Xian , Wang Jian-Cheng , Liu Wen-Ting , Chen Wen-Jing , Li Hong-Yu , Peng Fen-Fen , Xu Zhao-Zhong , Niu Hong-Xin , Long Hai-Bo
Published: January 2016

The receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and its receptor RANK are overexpressed in focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS), IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and membranous nephropathy (MN). However, the expression and the potential roles of RANKL and RANK in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remain unclear. Irbesartan (Irb) has beneficial effects against diabetes-induced renal damage, but its mechanisms are poorly understood. Our present study investigated the effects of Irb in DN and whether the renal protective effects of Irb are mediated by RANKL/RANK and the downstream NF-κB pathway in db/db mice. Our results showed that db/db mice revealed severe metabolic abnormalities, renal dysfunction, podocyte injury, and increased MCP-1; these symptoms were reversed by Irb. At the molecular level, RANKL and RANK were overexpressed in the kidneys of db/db mice and Irb downregulated RANKL and RANK and inhibited the downstream NF-κB pathway. Our study suggests that Irb can ameliorate DN by suppressing the RANKL-RANK-NF-κB pathway.
Low Power OFDM Receiver Exploiting Data Sparseness and DFT Symmetry
Authors: Petrellis Nikos
Published: January 2016

An undersampling technique appropriate for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) that can be implemented with low complexity hardware is presented. The OFDM receiver can operate in undersampling mode, 75% of the time. One of the advantages of the proposed scheme is the reduction down to the half of the power consumed by the Analog Digital Converter (ADC) and the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The FFT memory requirements for sample storage can also be reduced and its operating speed can be increased. Simulations were performed for two Quadrature Amplitude Modulation orders (16-QAM and 32-QAM), two options for the FFT size (1024 and 4096), two alternative input symbol structures for the inverse FFT (IFFT), and several sparseness levels and samples substitution options. The Symbol Error Rate (SER) and image reconstruction examples are used to show that a full reconstruction or a very low error can be achieved. Although the proposed undersampling method is evaluated for wired channel, it can also be used without any modification to wireless Single Input Single Output (SISO) systems (with an expected SER degradation). It can also be used with Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems when an appropriate arrangement of the IFFT input symbols is adopted.
FPGA Implementation of Real-Time Compressive Sensing with Partial Fourier Dictionary
Authors: Quan Yinghui , Li Yachao , Gao Xiaoxiao , Xing Mengdao
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a novel real-time compressive sensing (CS) reconstruction which employs high density field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for hardware acceleration. Traditionally, CS can be implemented using a high-level computer language in a personal computer (PC) or multicore platforms, such as graphics processing units (GPUs) and Digital Signal Processors (DSPs). However, reconstruction algorithms are computing demanding and software implementation of these algorithms is extremely slow and power consuming. In this paper, the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm is refined to solve the sparse decomposition optimization for partial Fourier dictionary, which is always adopted in radar imaging and detection application. OMP reconstruction can be divided into two main stages: optimization which finds the closely correlated vectors and least square problem. For large scale dictionary, the implementation of correlation is time consuming since it often requires a large number of matrix multiplications. Also solving the least square problem always needs a scalable matrix decomposition operation. To solve these problems efficiently, the correlation optimization is implemented by fast Fourier transform (FFT) and the large scale least square problem is implemented by Conjugate Gradient (CG) technique, respectively. The proposed method is verified by FPGA (Xilinx Virtex-7 XC7VX690T) realization, revealing its effectiveness in real-time applications.
Evaluation of Lasting Effects of Heat Stress on Sperm Profile and Oxidative Status of Ram Semen and Epididymal Sperm
Authors: Hamilton Thais Rose dos Santos , Mendes Camilla Mota , Castro Letícia Signori de , Assis Patrícia Monken de , Siqueira Adriano Felipe Perez , Delgado Juliana de Carvalho , Goissis Marcelo Demarchi , Muiño-Blanco Teresa , Cebrián-Pérez José Álvaro , Nichi Marcílio , Visintin José Antonio , Assumpção Mayra Elena Ortiz D’Ávila
Published: January 2016

Higher temperatures lead to an increase of testicular metabolism that results in spermatic damage. Oxidative stress is the main factor responsible for testicular damage caused by heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate lasting effects of heat stress on ejaculated sperm and immediate or long‐term effects of heat stress on epididymal sperm. We observed decrease in motility and mass motility of ejaculated sperm, as well as an increase in the percentages of sperm showing major and minor defects, damaged plasma and acrosome membranes, and a decrease in the percentage of sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential in the treated group until one spermatic cycle. An increased enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase and an increase of stressed cells were observed in ejaculated sperm of the treated group. A decrease in the percentage of epididymal sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential was observed in the treated group. However, when comparing immediate and long‐term effects, we observed an increase in the percentage of sperm with low mitochondrial membrane potential. In conclusion, testicular heat stress induced oxidative stress that led to rescuable alterations after one spermatic cycle in ejaculated sperm and also after 30 days in epididymal sperm.
Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of Early Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin versus PRGF/Endoret Membranes
Authors: Khorshidi Hooman , Raoofi Saeed , Bagheri Rafat , Banihashemi Hodasadat
Published: January 2016

Objectives. The mechanical properties of membranes are important factors in the success of treatment and clinical handling. The goal of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of early leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) versus PRGF/Endoret membrane.Materials and Methods.In this experimental study, membranes were obtained from 10 healthy male volunteers. After obtaining 20 cc venous blood from each volunteer, 10 cc was used to prepare early L-PRF (group 1) and the rest was used to get a membrane by PRGF-Endoret system (group 2). Tensile loads were applied to specimens using universal testing machine. Tensile strength, stiffness, and toughness of the two groups of membranes were calculated and compared by pairedt-test.Results. The mean tensile strength and toughness were higher in group 1 with a significant difference (P<0.05). The mean stiffness in group 1 was also higher but not statistically significant (P>0.05).Conclusions.The results showed that early L-PRF membranes had stronger mechanical properties than membranes produced by PRGF-Endoret system. Early L-PRF membranes might have easier clinical handling and could be a more proper scaffold in periodontal regenerative procedures. The real results of the current L-PRF should be in fact much higher than what is reported here.
1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives: Dihydronicotinamide Analogues—Model Compounds Targeting Oxidative Stress
Authors: Velena Astrida , Zarkovic Neven , Gall Troselj Koraljka , Bisenieks Egils , Krauze Aivars , Poikans Janis , Duburs Gunars
Published: January 2016

Many 1,4‐dihydropyridines (DHPs) possess redox properties. In this review DHPs are surveyed as protectors against oxidative stress (OS) and related disorders, considering the DHPs as specific group of potential antioxidants with bioprotective capacities. They have several peculiarities related to antioxidant activity (AOA). Several commercially available calcium antagonist, 1,4‐DHP drugs, their metabolites, and calcium agonists were shown to express AOA. Synthesis, hydrogen donor properties, AOA, and methods and approaches used to reveal biological activities of various groups of 1,4‐DHPs are presented. Examples of DHPs antioxidant activities and protective effects of DHPs against OS induced damage in low density lipoproteins (LDL), mitochondria, microsomes, isolated cells, and cell cultures are highlighted. Comparison of the AOA of different DHPs and other antioxidants is also given. According to the data presented, the DHPs might be considered as bellwether among synthetic compounds targeting OS and potential pharmacological model compounds targeting oxidative stress important for medicinal chemistry.
Cancer Stem Cell Signaling during Repopulation in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Wilson George D. , Thibodeau Bryan J. , Fortier Laura E. , Pruetz Barbara L. , Galoforo Sandra , Marples Brian , Baschnagel Andrew M. , Akervall Jan , Huang Jiayi
Published: January 2016

The aim of the study was to investigate cancer stem signaling during the repopulation response of a head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) xenograft after radiation treatment. Xenografts were generated from low passage HNSCC cells and were treated with either sham radiation or 15 Gy in one fraction. At different time points, days 0, 3, and 10 for controls and days 4, 7, 12, and 21, after irradiation, 3 tumors per group were harvested for global gene expression, pathway analysis, and immunohistochemical evaluation. 316 genes were identified that were associated with a series of stem cell‐related genes and were differentially expressed (p ≤ 0.01 and 1.5‐fold) at a minimum of one time point in UT‐SCC‐14 xenografts after radiation. The largest network of genes that showed significant changes after irradiation was associated with CD44, NOTCH1, and MET. c‐MET and ALDH1A3 staining correlated with the changes in gene expression. A clear pattern emerged that was consistent with the growth inhibition data in that genes associated with stem cell pathways were most active at day 7 and day 12 after irradiation. The MET/CD44 axis seemed to be an important component of the repopulation response.
Novice Reviewers Retain High Sensitivity and Specificity of Posterior Segment Disease Identification with iWellnessExam™
Authors: Slotnick Samantha , Awad Catherine , Nath Sanjeev , Sherman Jerome
Published: January 2016

Introduction. Four novices to Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) image review were provided a brief lecture on the interpretation of iVue iWellnessExam™findings (available on iVue®SD-OCT, Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA). For a cohort of 126 (Confirmed) Normal, 101 (Confirmed) Disease subjects, iWellnessExam™OD, OS, and OU reports were provided. Each novice independently reviewed and sorted the subjects into one of four categories: normal, retinal disease, optic nerve (ON) disease, and retinal + ON disease. Their accuracy is compared between the novices and with an expert reviewer.Results. Posterior segment disease was properly detected by novices with sensitivities of 90.6%, any disease; 84.3%, retinal disease; 88.0%, ON disease; expert sensitivity: 96.0%, 95.5%, and 90.0%, respectively; specificity: 84.3%, novices; 99.2%, expert. Novice accuracy correlates best with clinical exposure and amount of time spent reviewing each image set. The novices’ negative predictive value was 92.0% (i.e., very few false negatives).Conclusions. Novices can be trained to screen for posterior segment disease efficiently and effectively using iWellnessExam™data, with high sensitivity, while maintaining high specificity. Novice reviewer accuracy covaries with both clinical exposure and time spent per image set. These findings support exploration of training nonophthalmic technicians in a primary medical care setting.
Seiberg-Witten Like Equations on Pseudo-RiemannianSpincManifolds withG2(2)∗Structure
Authors: Özdemir Nülifer , Deǧirmenci Nedim
Published: January 2016

We consider 7-dimensional pseudo-Riemannianspincmanifolds with structure groupG2(2)∗. On such manifolds, the space of 2-forms splits orthogonally into componentsΛ2M=Λ72⊕Λ142. We define self-duality of a 2-form by considering the partΛ72as the bundle of self-dual 2-forms. We express the spinor bundle and the Dirac operator and write down Seiberg-Witten like equations on such manifolds. Finally we get explicit forms of these equations onR4,3and give some solutions.
Genetic Background of Immune Complications after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children
Authors: Skoczen Szymon , Bik-Multanowski Miroslaw , Pietrzyk Jacek J. , Grabowska Agnieszka , Fijorek Kamil , Strojny Wojciech , Klus-Kwiecinska Kinga , Balwierz Walentyna , Siedlar Maciej
Published: January 2016

Immune reactions are among the most serious complications observed after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children. Microarray technique allows for simultaneous assessment of expression of nearly all human genes. The objective of the study was to compare the whole genome expression in children before and after HSCT. A total of 33 children referred for HSCT were enrolled in the study. In 70% of the patients HSCT was performed for the treatment of neoplasms. Blood samples were obtained before HSCT and six months after the procedure. Subsequently, the whole genome expression was assessed in leukocytes using GeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST microarray. The analysis of genomic profiles before and after HSCT revealed altered expression of 124 genes. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed upregulation of five pathways after HSCT: allograft rejection, graft‐versus‐host disease, type I diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroid disease, and viral myocarditis. The activation of those pathways seems to be related to immune reactions commonly observed after HSCT. Our results contribute to better understanding of the genomic background of the immunologic complications of HSCT.
Role of S100 Proteins in Colorectal Carcinogenesis
Authors: Moravkova Paula , Kohoutova Darina , Rejchrt Stanislav , Cyrany Jiri , Bures Jan
Published: January 2016

The family of S100 proteins represents 25 relatively small (9–13 kD) calcium binding proteins. These proteins possess a broad spectrum of important intracellular and extracellular functions. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men (after lung and prostate cancer) and the second most frequent cancer in women (after breast cancer) worldwide. S100 proteins are involved in the colorectal carcinogenesis through different mechanisms: they enable proliferation, invasion, and migration of the tumour cells; furthermore, S100 proteins increase angiogenesis and activate NF-κβsignaling pathway, which plays a key role in the molecular pathogenesis especially of colitis-associated carcinoma. The expression of S100 proteins in the cancerous tissue and serum levels of S100 proteins might be used as a precise diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with suspected or already diagnosed colorectal neoplasia. Possibly, in the future, S100 proteins will be a therapeutic target for tailored anticancer therapy.
Accurate Prediction of Advanced Liver Fibrosis Using the Decision Tree Learning Algorithm in Chronic Hepatitis C Egyptian Patients
Authors: Hashem Somaya , Esmat Gamal , Elakel Wafaa , Habashy Shahira , Abdel Raouf Safaa , Darweesh Samar , Soliman Mohamad , Elhefnawi Mohamed , El-Adawy Mohamed , ElHefnawi Mahmoud
Published: January 2016

Background/Aim. Respectively with the prevalence of chronic hepatitis C in the world, using noninvasive methods as an alternative method in staging chronic liver diseases for avoiding the drawbacks of biopsy is significantly increasing. The aim of this study is to combine the serum biomarkers and clinical information to develop a classification model that can predict advanced liver fibrosis.Methods. 39,567 patients with chronic hepatitis C were included and randomly divided into two separate sets. Liver fibrosis was assessed via METAVIR score; patients were categorized as mild to moderate (F0–F2) or advanced (F3-F4) fibrosis stages. Two models were developed using alternating decision tree algorithm. Model 1 uses six parameters, while model 2 uses four, which are similar to FIB-4 features except alpha-fetoprotein instead of alanine aminotransferase. Sensitivity and receiver operating characteristic curve were performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed models.Results. The best model achieved 86.2% negative predictive value and 0.78 ROC with 84.8% accuracy which is better than FIB-4.Conclusions. The risk of advanced liver fibrosis, due to chronic hepatitis C, could be predicted with high accuracy using decision tree learning algorithm that could be used to reduce the need to assess the liver biopsy.
Structural, Synaptic, and Epigenetic Dynamics of Enduring Memories
Authors: Khalaf Ossama , Gräff Johannes
Published: January 2016

Our memories are the records of the experiences we gain in our everyday life. Over time, they slowly transform from an initially unstable state into a long-lasting form. Many studies have been investigating from different aspects how a memory could persist for sometimes up to decades. In this review, we highlight three of the greatly addressed mechanisms that play a central role for a given memory to endure: the allocation of the memory to a given neuronal population and what brain areas are recruited for its storage; the structural changes that underlie memory persistence; and finally the epigenetic control of gene expression that might regulate and support memory perseverance. Examining such key properties of a memory is essential towards a finer understanding of its capacity to last.
Diabetes Mellitus in Outpatients in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Habtewold Tesfa Dejenie , Tsega Wendwesen Dibekulu , Wale Bayu Yihun
Published: January 2016

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Most people with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries and these will experience the greatest increase in cases of diabetes over the next 22 years.Objective. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of diabetes mellitus among outpatients of Debre Berhan Referral Hospital.Methods and Materials. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2015 among 385 patients. Random quota sampling technique was used to get individual patients and risk factors assessment. Patients diabetes status was ascertained by World Health Organization Diabetes Mellitus Diagnostic Criteria. The collected data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed and Chi-square test was applied to test any association between dependent and independent variable.Result. Out of the total 385 study patients, 368 have participated in the study yielding a response rate of 95.3%. Concerning clinical presentation of diabetes mellitus, 13.3% of patients reported thirst, 14.4% of patients declared polyurea, and 14.9% of patients ascertained unexplained weight loss. The statistically significant associated factors of diabetes mellitus were hypertensive history, obesity, the number of parities, and smoking history.Conclusion. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among outpatients in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital was 0.34% and several clinical and behavioral factors contribute to the occurrence of diabetes mellitus which impose initiation of preventive, promotive, and curative strategies.