bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the standard Q syphilis antibody rapid diagnostic test to gold standards for yaws detection in children
Authors: Irawan Yudo , Giantini Astuti , Yasnova Nevi
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Yaws remains a public health problem in Indonesia, and it is the largest contributor to Yaws cases in Southeast Asia. Yaws is caused by bacterial infection of Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue, mainly affecting the skin and bones. An estimated 75% of new cases were found in children under 15. The diagnosis of yaws is based on clinical findings with serological confirmation. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) have been developed to diagnose Yaws faster and simpler and can thus be used in areas with limited resources.
Methodology: In this study, sensitivity and specificity of the solid phase immunochromatographic assay of Standard Q Syphilis Antibody (Ab) RDT was performed compared to Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination Assay (TPHA Plasmatec®) and Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) in 195 children with yaws age 2-15 years in Halmahera Barat, Maluku.
Results: There were 116 children with clinical symptoms representative of yaws, but only 13 were serologically positive. The scar was the most commonly found lesion, and the most affected regions were the legs. The sensitivity and specificity of RDT compared to TPHA were 93.3% and 99.4%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of RDT compared to RPR were 100% and 98.4%, respectively.
Conclusions: Based on the excellent performance of this test, this study suggests that Standard Q Syphilis Ab RDT examination can be used as a screening test. However, unusual clinical findings, like scars in RDT reactive patients, indicated that RPR is still required to confirm the diagnosis of yaws.
Possibility for large-scale production of 238Pu for radioisotope thermoelectrical generators in a supercritical light-water reactor
Authors: Shmelev Anatoly N. , Apse Vladimir A. , Glebov Vasily B. , Kulikov Gennady G. , Kulikov Evgeny G. , Kruglikov Anton E.
Published: December 2024

The paper analyzes the possibility for large-scale production of highly pure plutonium suitable for use in radioisotope thermoelectrical generators in a VVER-SKD light-water power reactor with supercritical coolant parameters. Neptunium dioxide (NpO2) was used as the starting material. Neptunium can be extracted from minor actinides, i.e. from the main components of radioactive transuranium waste. Large-scale production of useful high-purity plutonium via neutron irradiation of useless radioactive waste can be estimated as one of the possible ways to convert harmful waste to a harmless form. The assembly with the starting material was placed in the central part of the reactor core with the maximum neutron flux to increase the plutonium accumulation. Numerical studies were based on a multi-physical approach with coupled analyses of neutronic and thermal-hydraulic processes in the downward and upward reactor zones. The results obtained in numerical studies have demonstrated that large quantities of high-purity plutonium with a low content of 236Pu and a high content of 238Pu could be accumulated in the central NpO2 assembly if the following conditions are satisfied. Firstly, it is desirable that the lattice of NpO2-containing rods would be sufficiently wide with a high volume fraction of light-water coolant. Secondly, the central NpO2 assembly needs to be surrounded by protective assemblies to form a barrier against high-energy fission neutrons which are capable to intensify the threshold 237Np(n,2n)236Pu reaction. The protective function can be performed by the assemblies containing rods with natural lead or radiogenic lead. The paper estimates the production scales of high-purity plutonium in the central assembly with a wide lattice of NpO2-containing rods and surrounded by a layer of protective Pb-containing assemblies.
Comparison of the calculation accuracy of the neutronic characteristics of a heavy liquid metal cooled fast reactor model using various evaluated neutron data libraries
Authors: Andrianov Andrey A. , Andrianova Olga N. , Kuptsov Ilya S. , Uvarova Anastasia A.
Published: December 2024

The paper analyses the neutron data and covariance matrixes, which are crucial for the computational prediction of neutronic characteristics of fast neutron reactors with uranium-plutonium fuel and currently available in the state-of-the-art versions of evaluated nuclear data libraries: ENDF/B-VIII, JENDL-5, TENDL 2021, JEFF 4T1. The newly obtained covariance data are compared to the data that was presented in the Russian evaluated nuclear data library BROND 3.1. A simplified model of a fast neutron reactor with mixed dense nitride uranium-plutonium fuel and heavy liquid metal coolant was used to calculate the spread in neutronic performance values and their uncertainties due to neutron data using different evaluated nuclear data libraries for the following characteristics: effective multiplication factor, effective delayed neutron fraction, Doppler reactivity coefficient, breeding ratio and gain, reactivity margin for fuel burnup and other fuel burnup characteristics. It has been observed that, on the whole, the uncertainties of the reactor functionals have decreased when estimated using state-of-the-art versions of evaluated neutron data libraries, compared to previous releases of those libraries. The paper also examines changes in target accuracies for predicting the main neutronic characteristics of fast neutron reactors over the past decades, as well as evaluates the requirements for neutron data uncertainties to achieve the recently declared target accuracies. The main findings of this study are presented in two aspects: first, in terms of the effects evaluated neutron data from different libraries have on the accuracy of calculations for the key neutronic characteristics of fast reactors; and second, in terms of the potential for improving the accuracy of predicted neutronic characteristics of fast reactors by considering the results of reactor physics measurements.
Élaboration d’un dispositif de médiation transculturelle à Poitiers
Authors: Grosseau-Poussard Garance , Fourneau Christelle , Maufras Guillaume
Published: December 2024

Dans cet article, les auteurs s’attachent à décrire la démarche de construction et de déploiement d’un dispositif de médiation transculturelle sur le territoire de Poitiers en Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Pour cela, ils décrivent les différents objectifs du dispositif et comment leurs complémentarités, associées au développement d’un réseau local, ont permis d’assurer un développement progressif et efficient. Le dispositif de médiation se veut une réponse à des nécessités de terrain et à des besoins institutionnels, qui a été possible à la suite de l’obtention d’un premier financement. Le dispositif de médiation propose, par l’approche transculturelle, un décloisonnement des secteurs médical et social. Il montre également ses limites, le réseau des interprètes locaux étant notamment peu développé. Pour conclure, les auteurs montrent leur volonté de créer un outil à destination des professionnels qui permette de replacer la personne suivie au centre de son accompagnement.
Face à Face : pédiatre et mineurs non accompagnés
Authors: Bouznah Serge , Poey Nora
Published: December 2024

L’hépatite B est la maladie infectieuse la plus fréquemment diagnostiquée chez les mineurs non accompagnés (MNA) en France. Nous décrivons l’expérimentation d’un dispositif de médiation transculturelle dans une situation clinique impliquant un jeune MNA particulièrement affecté par son diagnostic. La problématique est alors centrée sur le sens social donné de cette dernière et permet de faire coexister plusieurs systèmes de représentation de la maladie afin de remobiliser le patient autour de son projet de soin. La mise en récit du patient, rendue possible par le cadre rassurant de la médiation, permet à la fois d’évaluer la compréhension de la maladie, mais aussi les projections du soignant. Considérer la maladie à soigner non seulement comme un élément biophysique mais aussi comme une affection sociale à guérir permet de renforcer les stratégies d’adaptation chez les migrants.
Le hajj mondialisé
Authors: Chiffoleau Sylvia
Published: December 2024

Cinquième pilier de l’islam, le pèlerinage à La Mecque ( hajj ) est une obligation canonique. Durant de nombreux siècles, le voyage pouvait se réaliser en solitaire, souvent sur de très longues durées, en multipliant les étapes auprès des lieux saints et des hommes de religion. Pour le plus grand nombre, le voyage se faisait de façon collective, dans de grandes caravanes dont les étapes permettaient également de nombreuses visites pieuses, notamment dans les villes phares de l’islam (Le Caire, Damas, Jérusalem, Najaf et Karbala pour les chiites, etc.). Au Hedjaz, les pèlerins étaient ensuite immergés dans un espace saturé de sacralité, où à côté des sites liés aux rituels du hajj se trouvaient de nombreux autres lieux vénérés, notamment des tombeaux de compagnons du prophète et de saints. Mais au XIX e siècle, la navigation à vapeur, le contrôle colonial sur les déplacements et les contraintes liées à la surveillance sanitaire modifient en profondeur les conditions du voyage, qui se fait désormais en droite ligne, interdisant aux pèlerins de se rendre auprès des lieux saints en cours de route. Par ailleurs, depuis le début du XX e siècle et jusqu’à aujourd’hui, pour des raisons doctrinales et dans une frénésie de modernisation, le pouvoir saoudien a éliminé du Hedjaz tous les lieux saints qui ne sont pas liés au hajj . Cet article se propose d’examiner la façon dont s’est opérée, depuis le XIX e siècle, une mutation profonde du voyage sacré des musulmans, sous l’action de ces divers systèmes d’acteurs. Dépouillé de sa pluralité spirituelle, le hajj est devenu une véritable industrie, orientée sur les seuls rituels canoniques, mais ouverte à toutes les formes de marchandisation.
Sécurité, logistique et politique. La gestion de la visite d’Arba‘īn à Karbala
Authors: Chatelard Géraldine
Published: December 2024

Depuis le changement de régime politique en Irak en 2003, la ziyāra d’Arba‘īn, visite pieuse annuelle au tombeau de Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī, à Karbala, en Irak, s’est massifiée pour atteindre quelque 20 millions de participants. Sa régulation incombe à présent à des acteurs institutionnels chiites qui se sont efforcés de faciliter l’accès des croyants aux lieux saints et d’assurer leur bien-être matériel et leur sécurité dans un contexte géopolitique particulièrement complexe. Les dispositifs mis en place illustrent à quel point la gestion des aspects profanes des grands pèlerinages musulmans est tributaire des concurrences de souveraineté sur les lieux saints.
Cumulative STF coefficients evaluation and validation
Authors: Sergey Pasynok
Published: December 2024

Decomposition of geophysical functions in ranks on degrees of components of a single position vector with coefficients in the form of the indexes of tensors, symmetric and traceless on any couple (symmetric and trace free [STF] tensors or deviators), is applied along with decomposition on surface harmonics (scalar, vector, and tensor). The article considers the problem of deviator decomposition of a function having the special form of a series of degrees of components of a unit radius vector. The algorithm evaluation of STF coefficients using known values of series coefficients is under consideration. Taking into account that often only the first several of these coefficients are used, the author created and presented a table with several coefficient formulas for reference and validation. The STF-formalism is mainly used for the representation of radiative gravity fields and gravitational waves in general relativity; however, it can also be applied in mathematical physics to represent spherical harmonics, including fluid dynamics in Earth's outer core and seismic wave analysis.
Il potenziale emancipatore della medicalizzazione delle relazioni omosessuali nel Secondo Reich
Authors: Escherich Valentina
Published: December 2024

L’articolo rivede l’interpretazione che presenta la medicalizzazione degli atti omosessuali tra il XIX e l’inizio del XX secolo come mero strumento di repressione. Esaminando il caso dell’Impero tedesco, mostra come i concetti contemporanei di omosessualità possono anche essere usati per legittimizzare rivendicazioni non solo degli omosessuali ma anche del movimento per i diritti delle donne. Attraverso una prospettiva europea si spiega come le specifiche circostanze della Germania dell’epoca catalizzarono il potenziale emancipatore di questi concetti. La seconda parte si sofferma sulle caratteristiche e sui limiti di questo processo in Germania.
“Sottosotto”: contraddizioni manifeste. La critica lesbofemminista al pensiero della differenza
Authors: Biagini Elena
Published: December 2024

Questo contributo affronta il dibattito che si apre in Italia tra pensiero della differenza e lesbofemminismo all’inizio degli anni Ottanta quando la Libreria delle Donne di Milano diffonde nel numero di «Sottosopra» detto “verde” e apre l’egemonia del pensiero della differenza nel femminismo italiano. L’articolo ricostruisce la posizione differenzialista sul lesbismo fin dalle sue origini nei primi anni Settanta e la critica delle lesbofemministe che vedono nella proposta di Milano una nuova cancellazione del lesbismo e da qui articolano un posizionamento più ampio inserendosi, senza averne il riconoscimento, in grandi dibattiti internazionali nell’ambito dello scontro tra pensiero della differenza e materialismo femminista.
Leveraging AI for Sustainable Urban Futures
Authors: Babu C. V. Suresh , Thrisha M.
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing urban sustainability through its integration with climatology and urbanism. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, the research analyzes case studies that demonstrate AI's effectiveness in optimizing urban infrastructure, managing resources, and improving disaster preparedness. Key findings reveal that AI can significantly enhance urban resilience, promote energy efficiency, and address issues of equity and inclusivity in smart city initiatives. The study concludes that the synergy between AI, climatology, and urban planning is crucial for developing innovative solutions to complex urban challenges, emphasizing the need for ongoing interdisciplinary collaboration and research. The implications of this work suggest that integrating AI into urban strategies can lead to more sustainable, resilient, and equitable urban environments.
AI for Climate Modelling and Prediction With Special Reference to Empowering India
Authors: Karthikeyan C.
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing climate modelling, forecasting, and risk assessment, with a particular focus on applications in India. Accurate climate modelling and prediction are vital for effective climate change mitigation and adaptation. Traditional methods, though foundational, often face limitations due to their reliance on historical data and static assumptions. AI offers promising advancements through its ability to process vast datasets, identify complex patterns, and provide real-time insights. These case studies demonstrate the real-world impact of AI, showcasing its ability to enhance predictive capabilities and support targeted mitigation strategies. To maximize the benefits of AI in climate science, the study recommends investing in advanced AI infrastructure, fostering collaborative partnerships, focusing on education and training, supporting long-term research, and implementing robust policy frameworks.
Artificial Intelligence-Supported Sustainable Marketing Paths for Smart Cities in a World Facing Climate Challenges
Authors: Başal Murat , Kaya Aslı , Şarkbay Ömer Faruk
Published: December 2024

Technological advances in the 21st century have led to the emergence of smart cities that aim to improve urban life. Generative AI is a significant leap in AI technology that offers capabilities that can transform urban life. The concept of “smart city”, which is used to improve the quality of life and ensure human happiness in modern urbanism, has gained importance. Smart cities offer a holistic approach to ensure sustainable resource management in urban life. Evolved smart technologies are the most important option available to humanity for improvement. The only solution to climate change is to use various green energy technologies. Today, for these reasons, it is seen that cities are beginning to adapt to smart technologies.
Emotional Intelligence in Teaching Geriatric Nursing
Authors: Reis da Silva Tiago Manuel Horta
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines the integration of emotional intelligence (EI) into geriatric nursing education within higher education, highlighting its crucial role in enhancing student learning outcomes, patient care, and the well-being of older adults. It explores how EI fosters essential interpersonal skills, empathy, and resilience among nursing students, improving their ability to manage the emotional complexities of geriatric care. The chapter also discusses the ethical integration of technology, such as virtual simulations and telehealth, in teaching geriatric nursing, emphasising that EI ensures these tools enhance rather than replace human connections. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of EI in promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and developing comprehensive care plans for older adults. Finally, the chapter advocates for faculty development programs and curriculum design that incorporate EI-focused pedagogical strategies to nurture empathy, self-awareness, and reflective practices in nursing students.
Enhancing Emotional Intelligence in Healthcare
Authors: Paul Tuhin James , Dutta Dhritisri , Singh Amandeep , Misbah Md. , Aran Khadga Raj , Raj Rojin G.
Published: December 2024

The healthcare sector is demanding, often leading to stress, mental fatigue, and burnout among healthcare providers (HCPs) like physicians, nurses, and psychologists. Emotional intelligence (EQ) is vital in managing these challenges, though EQ levels vary, with nurses being particularly vulnerable to burnout due to high emotional demands. Technological advancements such as AI, VR, AR, and mobile health apps offer promising solutions by streamlining workflows, improving accessibility, and creating a more positive work environment. Examples include the HANDS app for autism, BlueStar for diabetes, and Pit-a-Pit for Parkinson's. Human-machine collaboration has the potential to enhance HCPs' Emotional Intelligence and foster “artificial compassion” in machines, thereby humanizing technology. This chapter delves into how sentient healthcare applications can aid in reducing Stress among HCPs and how technology can be leveraged to humanize healthcare by fostering improved emotional intelligence.
Role of Emotions in the Interaction Between Humans and Artificial Agents
Authors: Mehra Richa Kapoor , Fernando Asha Nimali
Published: December 2024

In this era of technological advancement, the once-clear distinction between human intelligence and artificial intelligence is becoming blurred. From Google's search engine to Alexa, artificial intelligence has captured many aspects of our lives. With the involvement of robots and artificial intelligence in our lives, one needs to ponder upon the implications of human-robot interactions and understand artificial intelligence better as robots are becoming a significant part of our living and working alongside humans, especially in the health care domain. This gaining dependability of humans on robots poses a question: can such a ‘care Bot' really care without having genuine emotions? Can we distinguish between robots and humans? Can human interaction with robots be the same as human-human interaction? The concept that weaves humans together is the concept of 'trust'; does this concept prevail in human-robot relationships? Can the active participation of robots in society make them social robots? Can we call them social robots?
Ethical Considerations Balancing Emotion and Autonomy in AI Systems
Authors: Mudunuri Lakshmi Narasimha Raju , Bhattacharya Pronaya
Published: December 2024

This book chapter explores the intricate ethical landscape surrounding the integration of emotion and autonomy in AI systems. As artificial intelligence advances, the ability of machines to understand and respond to human emotions raises profound questions about ethical decision-making frameworks. The chapter delves into the complexities of balancing emotional responsiveness with respect for individual autonomy. It examines various perspectives on how AI should interpret and act upon emotional cues while safeguarding users' rights to privacy, consent, and agency. By navigating these ethical dilemmas, the chapter aims to contribute to a nuanced understanding of how future AI systems can effectively coexist with human values and autonomy.
AI-Driven Personalization in Tourism Services
Authors: Mishra Shreeansh , Anifa Mansurali , Naidu Jigisha
Published: December 2024

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the global tourism industry, offering new opportunities for service personalization and enhanced customer experiences. AI-driven personalization is rapidly reshaping the tourism industry by tailoring services to meet individual customer preferences. In India, this technological advancement is particularly impactful, offering significant potential to improve tourist satisfaction and business performance. This research article investigates the Impact of AI-driven personalization on the tourism industry in India, focusing on how AI technologies can enhance tourist experiences and improve the performance of tourism businesses. The study explores the implementation of AI tools such as recommendation engines, chatbots, and predictive analytics in customizing tourism services to meet individual preferences and needs. It aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the benefits and challenges of AI-driven personalization in the context of India's diverse and rapidly growing tourism sector.
Community Involvement Model for Sustainable Tourism Development
Authors: Sharma Eliza
Published: December 2024

This study aims to develop a model for the promotion of sustainable tourism through community involvement. The development of the tourism sector can thus go hand-in-hand with the upliftment of vulnerable groups and drive social change. The study is based on secondary data, and the application of various models adopted by developed countries in the upliftment of vulnerable groups has been studied in detail. The community involvement model comprises the government and corporate sector, NGOs, and the ultimate beneficiaries, i.e., vulnerable groups of society. The first layer of government schemes and corporate CSR funding provides necessary financial and structural support. The second layer comprises NGOs that facilitate the redistribution of funds through pro-social initiatives that promote tourism. The third layer includes three target groups: orphans, street urchins, and widows, who carry out the initiatives while promoting tourism and earning financial and social independence in return.
Preserving the Past, Shaping the Future
Authors: Tayyebi Amir
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the integration of vernacular architecture and sustainable design in Dezful, Iran, as a strategy for enhancing its tourism development while preserving cultural heritage. Dezful's rich historical tapestry, characterized by ancient structures like the Jameh Mosque and the Dezful Old Bridge, serves as a foundation for its tourism potential. The chapter emphasizes the importance of adaptive reuse of these architectural treasures to create a compelling tourist destination image that resonates with visitors. It highlights the interplay between Dezful's natural landscapes, vibrant local traditions, and the increasing influx of tourists, which presents both opportunities for economic growth and challenges related to infrastructure strain. By advocating for sustainable practices that respect and leverage the unique characteristics of vernacular architecture, the chapter argues for a balanced approach to tourism development that fosters community engagement and environmental stewardship.
Sustainable Architecture as a Catalyst for Eco Tourism
Authors: Rahul Varanasi , Rao Patcha Bhujanga , Jayalakshmi K. U. , Anto Simi , Muthamma B. U. , Shimna J.
Published: December 2024

This chapter will explore the interplay between sustainable architecture and ecotourism, focusing on how environmentally conscious architectural practices can enhance tourist experiences and influence their behavior and perceptions. By integrating sustainability into tourism infrastructure, destinations can promote ecofriendly practices while attracting environmentally aware travelers. The chapter will employ a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic
The Role of Smart Technology in Enhancing Sustainable Tourism Experiences
Authors: Sankar Jeganathan Gomathi , Ilangovan K.
Published: December 2024

This research explores the integration of smart technologies in the tourism sector, emphasizing their potential to enhance sustainability while enriching tourist experiences. By examining the role of technologies such as IoT systems, data analytics, and mobile applications, the study highlights their ability to optimize resource management, reduce environmental impact, and support conservation efforts. IoT systems in hotels can monitor and control energy use, reducing waste and carbon emissions. Additionally, mobile applications can inform tourists about sustainable practices, guiding them toward eco-friendly activities. The literature identifies that smart technologies can significantly lower the ecological footprint of tourism while enhancing economic and social benefits for local communities. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and tourism stakeholders, advocating for the strategic integration of technology to align with sustainability goals and promote environmental preservation, cultural heritage, and inclusive growth.
Transmuting Tourism Infrastructure Into Vectors of Community Agency
Authors: Hosseini Farzaneh , Jimenez Ruiz Andrea Edurne , Bhartiya Shivam
Published: December 2024

The study explores the potential of tourism infrastructure to empower local communities, ensure ecological sustainability, and distribute economic benefits equitably. It analyzes three destinations, Kerala, Varanasi, and Rishikesh, and finds that while tourism infrastructure can foster local empowerment and ecological resilience, its potential is hindered by external control, inadequate policy enforcement, and skewed economic benefits. Community agency is limited, and environmental safeguarding initiatives are inconsistently applied. Socio-economic equitability remains a challenge, with financial gains disproportionately captured by external entities. The study calls for a holistic recalibration of tourism infrastructure, emphasizing inclusive governance, robust environmental safeguards, and equitable economic frameworks.
Urban Waterfronts and Tourism
Authors: Nag Aditi , Ashish Apurv , Rathore Anurag Singh
Published: December 2024

Urban waterfronts play a crucial role in the socio-economic and ecological fabric of cities worldwide. This paper explores how landscape architecture and ecological design principles can transform urban waterfronts into vibrant and sustainable tourist destinations. Drawing insights from case studies such as Sydney Harbour in Australia and the Toronto Waterfront in Canada, the study highlights innovative design strategies that balance urban development with environmental sustainability. Key components include the integration of green infrastructure for stormwater management, the creation of multifunctional public spaces, and sustainable transport solutions. Looking forward, utopian designs envision waterfronts that prioritize ecological health, social equity, and economic vitality, aiming to enhance urban resilience and quality of life.
Analysis of post-mortem inspection outcomes in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) slaughtered in the province of Caserta (Campania region, southern Italy)
Authors: Peruzy Maria Francesca , Smaldone Giorgio , Gammarano Nicoletta , Cucciniello Fausta , Murru Nicoletta
Published: December 2024

To date, data on post-mortem inspection outcomes in water buffaloes are absent. The present study aimed to analyze the prevalence of lesions recorded in buffaloes slaughtered from 2018 to 2022 in the province of Caserta by analyzing the data extracted from the Management Information System for Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health (GISA Campania). Between 2018 and 2022, 185,583 buffaloes were slaughtered, with a growing trend from 2018 (n=29,705) to 2022 (n=47,366). A total of 3985 lesions were recorded. At least one lesion was found in 2846 animals (1.53%). The area most frequently affected by lesions was the reproductive system (n=1046/3985; 26.24%) followed by the udder (n=929/3985; 23.31%), liver (n=511/3985; 12.82%), lungs (n=386/3985; 9.69%) and musculoskeletal system (n=192/3985; 4.82%). Degeneration was the most commonly observed condition in the liver (n=387/511; 75.73%), while pneumonia and pleuritis were frequently reported in the lungs (n=197/386; 51.04%). Additionally, traumatic injuries to the musculoskeletal system were also prevalent (n=152/192; 79.17%), while pericarditis and myocarditis were commonly found in the heart (n=64/102; 62.74%). During the period analyzed, a tuberculous-related lesion was found in 186 animals (15.41%), with a decreasing trend observed over the years. The number of lesions observed in this study is relatively low and has been decreasing over the years. This decline may be related to the adoption of stricter biosecurity measures for controlling infectious diseases and the modernization of livestock practices toward precision farming. This study demonstrates how the slaughterhouse can be an important epidemiological tool. Incorporating increasingly specific data at the slaughterhouse provides epidemiological information that can be used to understand disease trends and causes.
The gatekeeper images in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the role of native T1 mapping in Anderson-Fabry disease
Authors: Testa Marzia , Indolfi Eleonora , Pastorini Guido , Conte Enrica , Feola Mauro
Published: December 2024

We presented a case of a 49-year-old presenting with atypical chest pain and hypertrophic phenotype cardiomyopathy without coronary artery disease. At cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), the left ventricle was of normal volumes and preserved global ejection fraction with an asymmetric wall hypertrophy. The evaluation of native myocardial T1 has been calculated at an average global value of 924 ms, compatible with hypertrophic phenotype cardiomyopathy with reduced native T1 values as observed in Anderson-Fabry disease. The genetic analysis confirmed the Anderson-Fabry disease with a mutation in the exon 5 of the GLA gene, revealing the mutation c.644 A>G. This case report demonstrated that the images obtained in CMR and the analysis of the T1 native mapping, compared with the normal values obtained in the Center, may be considered a gatekeeper in the diagnostic assessment, avoiding redundant examinations, reducing costs, and radiological exposure.
Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma : A Review
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Ganguly Anasua , Bansal Mayank , Dada Tanuj
Published: December 2024

Primary angle closure glaucoma affects large number of people worldwide and it accounts for half of the cases of primary glaucoma. Primary angle closure is defined as appositional or synechial closure of the anterior chamber angle by contact between iris root and trabecular meshwork, iridotrabecular contact (ITC). Population based studies done in different parts of Asia have shown increased prevalence of primary angle closure glaucoma compared to other parts of the world. Mechanism of angle closure is better understood with the help of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT). Now, the role of lens and plateau iris is well established as a cause of non-pupillary block mechanism of angle closure. Based on the natural history of angle closure glaucoma new classification has been proposed. Evidence based progression of the natural history of angle closure glaucoma starts first with occurrence of iridotrabecular contact (ITC) appositional or synechial, subsequently there is progressive rise in intraocular pressure due to trabecular meshwork dysfunction or damage which leads to glaucomatous optic neuropathy. There is recent interest in using removal of lens as a treatment modality of angle closure glaucoma. In this article we describe the recent changes in the concept, and management trend of primary angle closure glaucoma.
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in Evaluation of Complicated Pseudophakia
Authors: Thakkar Hansa , Mittal Kopal
Published: December 2024

Aim:

To evaluate the role of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in assessment of eyes with complicated pseudophakia.

Material and methods:

A prospective investigational study was conducted from May 2006 to May 2009 on 150 pseudophakic patients with post operative visual acuity of less than 3 meters. All 150 patients were subjected to UBM examination (50MHz) for intra ocular lens (IOL) position, optic and haptic touch, lens remnants, corneal thickness, anterior chamber (AC) depth and signs of inflammation. Patients with paediatric cataract, traumatic cataract, pre existing ocular diseases, post operativeendophthalmitis and IOL explantations were excluded from the study.

Results:

Out of 150 patients, 82 (54.6%) were males and 68 (45.4%) were females with the age ranging from 24 to 93 years. Right eye was affected in less number of patients, RE: LE being 60:90. UBM revealed corneal edema in 98 (65.3%), shallow AC in 60 (40%), IOL malposition in 83 (55.5%), optic capture in 41 (27.3%), optic and haptic touch in 65 (43%), residual lens matter in 48 (32%), signs of inflammation in 34 (22%), pupil block in 19 (12.6%) and iris bombe in 16 (10%) of the patients. Descemet's tear was noted in 4 (2.6%) of patients.

Conclusion:

UBM is an important tool for evaluation of complicated pseudophakia. It helps to explain the aetiology of complication and hence guides for further management.
Advantages of Intraocular Lens Implantation in Ringer Lactate without Viscoelastic Substance in Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: Singh Pranay , Prakash Ajay , Shah Rahul P , Bhagde Suraj
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To study the advantages of using ringer lactate instead of viscoelastic substance for implantation of intraocular lens (IOL) in small incision cataract surgery (SICS).

Methods:

A prospective, randomized, interventional study was performed in which 100 patients of senile cataract were included. The patients were randomly divided in two groups; one in whom IOL was implanted in ringer lactate (ringer group) and other in which viscoelastic substance HydroxypropylMethylcellulose (visco group) was used for implantation of IOL. The outcome was evaluated on safety, efficacy, postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), postoperative reaction, endothelial cell count and surgical time.

Results:

The mean post operative IOP at 6, 24 and 48 hrs in ringer lactate group was 16.02,13.46 and12.44 mmHg and in viscoelastic group 22.24, 17.32 and 13.84 mmHg respectively. The difference between the groups was significant (p value <0.0001). The mean post operative reaction at 24 and 48 hrs in ringer group was 1.48 and 0.72 and in visco group 1.56 and 1.08 respectively (p value < 0.0001). Regarding position of IOLs, the two groups were comparable (odds ratio: 0.32; p value >.05). The mean endothelial cell loss in visco group was 143.56 cells (6.08%), and in ringer group it was 210.68 cells (8.9%) (p= 0.055). The mean surgical time in visco group was 6.01 ± 0.93 minutes and in ringer group, the same was 5.08± 0.76 minutes (p value < 0.0001). There was no intra-operative complication in any group.

Conclusion:

A small modification in one step of SICS can significantly control spikes of IOP with significantly lesser post operative reaction. With some experience, implantation of IOL in the bag under a continuous irrigation of ringer lactate is safe, accurate and less time consuming method without any significant extra loss of endothelial cells.
Pleomorphic Adenoma of an Ectopic Lacrimal Gland in the Eyebrow
Authors: Kaur Gurvinder , Koshy Jacob , Thomas Satish , Bhatti S.M.
Published: December 2024

This is a case report of an unusual presentation of an ectopic lacrimal gland in the region of the eyebrow. The tumour was removed surgically and histopathology revealed the tissue to be a pleomorphic adenoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ectopic lacrimal tissue at this site.
Graft Rejection with a Typical Khudadoust line after Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Bali Shveta Jindal , Jindal Animesh , Sharma Namrata
Published: December 2024

We report a case of graft rejection four years after descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). The patient had stopped topical steroids three months before the rejection episode. Clinically, the patient was asymptomatic. Examination showed a corrected distance visual acuity of 20/60, localized graft edema and an endothelial rejection line (Khudaduost line) with linearly arranged keratic precipitates. The patient was managed with a single dose of pulse steroids and frequent instillation of steroid drops. The rejection episode reversed successfully with in 48 hours after the start of the treatment.
Millennium Development Goals and Vision 2020
Authors: Gupta Noopur , Vashist Praveen
Published: December 2024

VISION 2020 aims to eliminate the main causes of avoidable blindness by the year 2020 by bringing together governments, non-governmental agencies, eye care professionals, and other organizations involved in blindness prevention, to facilitate the planning, development and implementation of sustainable national eye care programmes. This vision is based on three core strategies of disease control, human resource development and infrastructure development, incorporating the principles of primary health care. The successful implementation of VISION 2020 would not only reduce individual suffering, but would also provide significant social and economic benefits. Visual impairment brings profound economic disadvantage to individuals, their families and societies. With 90% of blind people living in developing countries, it is not surprising that such investments make a significant contribution to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. The economic benefits of VISION 2020 can be translated positively into the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Seven of the eight MDGs depend on measures linked to the implementation of VISION 2020. This means that progress towards the goals of VISION 2020 will also help governments to achieve the MDG objectives – a win-win situation.
A Typical Lens Coloboma – A Rare Cause of Childhood Blindness
Authors: Garg Punita , Aggarwal Parul , Sidhu H.K
Published: December 2024

A lens coloboma is a rare congenital anomaly characetrised by its nothching at the eguator occurring generally at the site of embryonic fissure i.e. inferonasally. Superior Lens Coloboma is rare ocular finding. We present a case of 16 years old female patient presenting to us with diminished vision in the right eye. Best Corrected Visual acuity (BCVA) was Finger Counting at 3 metre and on retinoscopy, it was found to be a hypermetropic astigmatic refractive error, which lead to amblyopia. Slit lamp examination revealed superior iris coloboma with a small lens coloboma. The visual prognosis of such patients depend upon the time of detection and early visual rehabilitation.
Corticosteroid Implant for Vascular Occlusions
Authors: Kaur Savleen , Sachdev Nishant
Published: December 2024

The pathophysiology of macular edema (ME) involves a breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier and release of inflammatory mediators which are inhibited by corticosteroids. Intravitreal injections of the corticosteroid triamcinolone have shown promise in the treatment of ME. Dexamethasone, a more potent corticosteroid than triamcinolone, has been shown to produce high intravitreal levels of the drug. Recently other methods of delivery of dexamethasone are being searched for, to overcome the short half life of the drug and at the same time providing sustained levels of drug. This article explores the uses of corticosteroid implants in posterior segment disorders.
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems : An Update
Authors: Biswas Nihar Ranjan
Published: December 2024

Drugs developed and approved for systemic disease are reinvestigated for ocular disease. However, developing new drugs with good intraocular penetration by considering the anatomical and physiological constraints exerted by the various barriers of eye is not an easy task for anybody. For the last decades much emphasis has been placed on ocular drug delivery systems to enhance the ocular penetration ofdrug compounds. In order to compare various ocular drug delivery systems for ocular disease, the existing studies and methods were revisited using an extensive literature search.
Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Goel Ruchi , Kamal Saurabh , Bodh Sonam Angmo , Nagpal Smriti , Bansal Smriti , Aditya Kshitij
Published: December 2024

Symptomatic epiphora due to nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is a common disorder and external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is still considered the gold standard for its treatment. But with minimally invasive scar less surgery becoming the demand of the modern day ophthalmic surgery, there has been a renewed interest in the development of endoscopic technology. The transnasal approach to DCR was initially described a century ago. A rekindling of interest in this route led to the use of lasers in DCR. In this article we made an attempt to highlight the contemporary technigues of endoscope assisted DCR, theiradvantages, disadvantages & complications.
Edge Light Pupil Cycle Time as A Measure of Optic Nerve Function
Authors: Goyal J L , Malik Sarmi , Jain Parul , Arora Ritu
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To study pupil cycle time (PCT) in Indian subjects and compare the data with other relevant studies

Methods:

Fifty subjects from the outpatient department of Guru Nanak Eye Centre were included and evaluated. Pupil cycle time was recorded using a slit lamp and stopwatch as per the method described by Miller and Thompson.

Results:

The mean value of pupil cycle time in our study was 1070 ms. This value was higher than the values given by earlier studies. The reason for the higher value of PCT could not be ascertained.lt could be attributed to the fact that Indian eyes are more pigmented than their Caucasian counterparts and probably the contractility of the iris sphincter is less.

Conclusion:

PCT has been found to be higher in Indian eyes as compared to their Caucasian counterparts. It is essential to determine normal values for this optic nerve function in order to detect abnormal changes in the optic nerve function.
A Comparative Study of Topical Dexamethasone 0.1% and Topical Nepafenac 0.1% Ophthalmic Solutions in Cataract Patients Undergoing Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: Malik VK , Singh Sonali , Malik KPS , Jain Kriti , Kumar Sanjeev , Jain Charu , Sharma Sanjay
Published: December 2024

Aim:

To study the effect of topical dexamethasone 0.1% and topical nepafenac 0.1% ophthalmic solutions in cataract patients, undergoing manual small incision cataract surgery.

Method:

The effect of nepafenac 0.1% following cataract surgery was studied and compared to routine corticosteroid, dexamethasone 0.1% in a randomized prospective clinical trial. Both groups were similar in baseline parameters. Postoperative inflammatory response, intraocular pressure, corneal thickness following manual small incision cataract extraction were assessed in both groups in the initial 8 weeks and the severity of these were graded at 1, 2, 7, 28 and 56 days. Intraocular pressure, anterior chamber reaction, corneal thickness at baseline and endpoint were compared and statistically analyzed.

Results:

The two groups did not differ much in treatment effect for any of the variables. However there seemed to be a little increase in IOP and not very significant reduction in corneal thickness with dexamethasone.

Conclusion:

Topical nepafenac is as effective as topical dexamethasone and can be used as an alternative in routine postoperative treatment following cataract surgery.
Cavernous Sinus Involvement as a Recurrence of Retro-Peritoneal Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
Authors: Kothari Raghunandan , Shrivastava Rajeev , Aironi Vyankatesh , Bhosale Megha
Published: December 2024

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the fourth most common malignancy among men and women with its incidence increasing every year at the rate of 3%-4%. Involvement of Cavernous sinus in NHL is very rare. We report a case of Retro-peritoneal NHL treated successfully with chemotherapy reporting after 6 months with ptosis, proptosis in left eye, headache and diplopia. MRI brain showed only thickened Optic nerve and was opined as optic neuritis left eye. Due to strong clinical ophthalmic picture suggesting of orbital apex or cavernous sinus involvement a Computerised Tomography (CT) head was done which showed involvement of left cavernous sinus. She was treated with a course of methylprednisolone and chemotherapy which lead to complete resolution of her symptoms dramatically. Orbital lesions may be the first clinical manifestations and a proper ophthalmic examination may give the first indication of cavernous sinus involvement
Dysfunctional Tear Syndrome: Some New Perspectives
Authors: Singh Punit K
Published: December 2024

The term “Dysfunctional Tear Syndrome” is a better way to indicate the complex pathological condition which has been inappropriately referred to as “Dry Eye”. Dysfunctional Tear Syndrome can lead to a chronic inflammatory status with progression of the pathologic erosive changes of the cornea and the conjunctiva. Aging is one of the most common causes of dry eye. About half of all people who wear contact lenses complain of dry eye. Dry eye also occurs or gets worse after LASIK. There are different dry eye severity levels that merit consideration. There are various treatment options available that can be considered.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Atrophic Age Related Macular Degeneration: An update
Authors: Gupta Raghav , Azad Shorya , Dave Abhishek , Singh Harsh Inder , Tinwala Sana
Published: December 2024

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is classified into two types wet and dry AMD. Currently, no drug therapy is available for dry AMD. Newer treatment strategies can be broadly classified in to following categories anti-inflammatory drugs, complement inhibition, trophic factor supplementation, anti oxidant drugs, drugs reducing retinal toxins. These treatment modalities promise to soon find a cure to this disease.
The Impact of Promoting Awareness, Screening and Patient Education Programs on the Treatment and Follow up of Glaucoma Patients Attending a Tertiary eye hospital in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Suman S.
Published: December 2024

Glaucoma is a blinding disease if not treated and is a public health issue of increasing importance. More than half of glaucoma patients are unaware of the disease until late stages. Glaucoma screening and awareness programs organized over last few years in and around Kathmandu have resulted in increase in identifying undiagnosed glaucoma patients and benefiting individuals who would otherwise not be able to afford treatment.