bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communication Chaos from Discrepancies in Personal Protective Equipment and Preoperative Guidelines
Authors: Wang Nancy , Xu Mary Jue , House Adrian E. , Strohl Madeleine P. , Goldberg Andrew N. , Murr Andrew H.
Published: October 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis

To compare personal protective equipment (PPE) guidelines, specifically respirator use, among international public health agencies, academic hospitals, and otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery (OHNS) departments in the United States for the care of coronavirus‐19 (COVID‐19) patients.

Study Design

Cross sectional survey.

Methods

Review of publicly available public health and academic hospitals guidelines along with review of communication among otolaryngology departments.

Results

Among 114 academic institutions affiliated with OHNS residencies, 20 (17.5%) institutions provided public access to some form of guidance on PPE and 73 (64%) provided information on screening or diagnostic testing. PPE guidelines were uniquely described based on several variables: location of care, COVID‐19 status, involvement of aerosol generating or high‐risk procedures, and physical distance from the patient. Six hospital guidelines were highlighted. Across these six institutions, there was agreement that N95 respirators were needed for high‐risk patients undergoing high‐risk procedures. Variations existed among institutions for scenarios with low‐risk patients. Definitions of the low‐risk patient and high‐risk procedures were inconsistent among institutions. Three of the highlighted institutions had OHNS departments recommending higher level of airway protection than the institution.

Conclusions

OHNS departments typically had more stringent PPE guidance than their institution. Discrepancies in communicating PPE use were frequent and provide inconsistent information on how healthcare workers should protect themselves in the COVID‐19 pandemic. Identification of these inconsistencies serves as an opportunity to standardize communication and develop evidence‐based guidelines.

Level of Evidence

V Laryngoscope, 131:E746–E754, 2021
Spatial scale drives diversity patterns of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in tropical estuaries
Authors: Medeiros Carlinda Raílly , Heino Jani , dos Santos Paulo Jorge Parreira , Molozzi Joseline , Ligeiro Raphael
Published: October 2020

Identifying the hierarchical spatial levels that show the greatest dissimilarities between communities and how these patterns are generated is essential to provide insights into the monitoring and protection of biodiversity. In this study, we additively partitioned diversity of macroinvertebrates into alpha, beta, and gamma diversity across multiple scales in typical and semi‐arid tropical estuaries. We also determined which components of the total beta diversity, in terms of species replacement or richness difference (presence‐absence data) and abundance difference (relative abundance data), had the greatest relative importance in structuring the composition of benthic macrofauna. In typical and semi‐arid tropical estuaries, a non‐random spatial pattern was observed in additive partitioning of diversity, with higher values of beta diversity obtained at the largest scales analyzed. When considering the presence‐absence data, in general there was no clear trend which components of beta diversity had greater relative importance in typical estuaries. In the semi‐arid tropical estuaries, the richness difference component showed greater relative importance in the rainy season, whereas the species replacement presented greater proportions in the dry season. When considering abundance data, in general the abundance difference component showed greater relative importance in typical and semi‐arid tropical estuaries in the two seasonal periods. Therefore, approaches based on the presence/absence and on the relative abundance of species provided complementary answers about the distribution patterns of benthic macroinvertebrate communities. We demonstrated that environmental filtering and dispersal limitation may affect the patterns of distribution of benthic macrofauna in estuaries located in regions with different climatic conditions.
Circ0106714 inhibits tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer by sponging miR‐942‐5p and releasing DLG2 via Hippo‐YAP signaling
Authors: Li Shiquan , Yan Guoqiang , Liu Wei , Li Chenyao , Wang Xu
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to investigate the role of circ0106714‐miR‐942‐5p‐discs large homolog 2 (DLG2), a novel interactome, in colorectal cancer (CRC). Circ0106714 was found to be the most significantly downregulated circular RNA in CRC using a bioinformatics method, and we researched whether the ability of circ0106714 to sponge miR‐942‐5p and release DLG2 could affect CRC development via Hippo‐YES‐associated protein (YAP) signaling. We first employed qRT‐PCR and immunoblotting to detect messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression, respectively. Live imaging of mice tumor xenografts was then conducted to study the effect of circ0106714 on tumor progression in vivo. Reporter gene assays were subsequently conducted to verify the predicted targeting relationship between circ0106714, miR‐942‐5p, and DLG2 mRNA in SW480 and HCT116 cell lines. As well as using flow cytometry for both apoptosis and cell cycle profile analyses, CCK‐8 and clone foci formation assays were performed to assess cell survival. Wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay were later carried out to evaluate the migration and invasion of the cell lines. Findings revealed that circ0106714 and DLG2 were significantly downregulated, while miR‐942‐5p was significantly upregulated in human CRC tissues and cell lines. However, circ0106714 upregulation significantly suppressed tumor progression in vivo and inhibited the malignancy phenotypes of tumor cells in vitro by targeting miR‐942‐5p. Also discovered in this research was that miR‐942‐5p could directly target DLG2 mRNA, thus enhancing the malignancy phenotypes of CRC cells. We even found that DLG2 overexpression resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of YAP, a critical downstream effector of DLG2. This downstream effector was demonstrated to have a tumor‐suppressive capacity in CRC cell lines. In sum, circ0106714 could suppress CRC by sponging miR‐942‐5p and releasing DLG2, thus promoting YAP phosphorylation.
Epidemiology, evolutionary origin, and malaria‐induced positive selection effects of G6PD‐deficient alleles in Chinese populations
Authors: Zheng Yuzhong , Wang Junli , Liang Xueyan , Huang Huiying , Ma Yanbo , Lin Liyun , Wang Chunfang , Zhan Xiaofen , Yang Liye , Zha Guangcai , Yang Peikui , Zou Xianghui , Chen Zikai , Chen Xinyao , Chen Weizhong , Liu Xiangzhi , Lin Min
Published: October 2020

Background

Although glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common inherited disorder in the Chinese population, there is scarce evidence regarding the epidemiology, evolutionary origin, and malaria‐induced positive selection effects of G6PD‐deficient alleles in various Chinese ethnic populations.

Methods

We performed a large population‐based screening (n = 15,690) to examine the impact of selection on human nucleotide diversity and to infer the evolutionary history of the most common deficiency alleles in Chinese populations.

Results

The frequencies of G6PD deficiency ranged from 0% to 11.6% in 12 Chinese ethnic populations. A frequency map based on geographic information showed that G6PD deficiency was highly correlated with historical malaria prevalence in China and was affected by altitude and latitude. The five most frequently occurring G6PD gene variants were NM_001042351.3:c.1376G>T, NM_001042351.3:c.1388G>A, NM_001042351.3:c.95A>G, NM_001042351.3:c.1311T>C, and NM_001042351.3:c.1024C>T, which were distributed with ethnic features. A pathogenic but rarely reported variant site (NM_001042351.3:c.448G>A) was identified in this study. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a strong and recent positive selection targeting the NM_001042351.3:c.1376G>T allele that originated in the past 3125 to 3750 years and another selection targeting the NM_001042351.3:c.1388G>A allele that originated in the past 5000 to 6000 years. Additionally, both alleles originated from a single ancestor.

Conclusion

These results indicate that malaria has had a major impact on the Chinese genome since the introduction of rice agriculture.
Pattern formation in superdiffusion predator–prey‐like problems with integer‐ and noninteger‐order derivatives
Authors: Owolabi Kolade M. , Karaagac Berat , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: October 2020

This paper focuses on the modeling and application of fractional derivative to model the interactions between two different species in which the one named predator depends on the other called prey solely for survival. The interaction between predator and prey has been one of the most intriguing and interesting subjects in applied mathematical biology and ecology. In the models, the classical reaction–diffusion equations subject to the Neumann boundary conditions are formulated on a finite but large domainx ∈ [0, L]by replacing the second‐order spatial derivatives with the fractional Laplacian operator of order1 < α ≤ 2, which is classified as superdiffusion process. We examine the resulting coupled reaction–diffusion models for linear stability analysis and derive conditions under which the spatial patterns is evolved. In a view to understand our theoretical findings, the species spatial interactions is described in one and two dimensions. Through numerical experiments, we observe that a number of patterns can arise, including Turing spots, spiral‐like structures, and seemingly complex spatiotemporal distributions.
3D‐printed pumpkin‐shaped cavity resonator to determine the complex permittivity of liquids
Authors: Rocco Giulia Maria , Delmonte Nicolò , Schreurs Dominique , Marconi Stefania , Auricchio Ferdinando , Bozzi Maurizio
Published: October 2020

This article presents a novel 3D‐printed cavity resonator, adopted for the extraction of complex dielectric permittivity of liquid chemicals. The proposed structure consists of a spherical cavity slightly compressed at the poles (similar to a pumpkin), which embeds a thin pipe, where the liquid material under test flows. When the liquid is injected into the pipe, the resonance frequency and the quality factor of the fundamental cavity mode change, and their measurement allows retrieving the complex dielectric permittivity of the liquid. The device is entirely realized by 3D‐printing and subsequently metalized by electroplating. The flexibility of the 3D‐printing technique allows to implement cavities with unconventional shapes. In this case, the shape is selected to achieve a high quality factor, and it permits to find a good compromise between high sensitivity and good accuracy in the determination of the complex dielectric permittivity. The device was tested with several liquids, and the results were compared to characterizations performed using a commercial coaxial probe.
Detection of urban underground cavities using seismic scattered waves: a case study along the Xuzhou Metro Line 1 in China
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Shengdong , Yang Cai , Liu Xue , Wang Bo
Published: October 2020

During metro construction, unidentified cavities pose a serious threat to the integrity of the tunnels and public safety. An efficient and accurate cavity‐detection method is needed, given the limited space and time constraints of urban construction. Equivalent offset migration is a high‐accuracy, seismic scattered‐wave imaging method that is effective in wavefield extraction, has the ability to derive the wavefield outside the range of the source–receiver points and can use imaging data for areas with poor signal‐to‐noise ratios. In this study, we consider a stratified subsurface structure and the geological conditions of a city and construct a typical urban cavity geological model to study the characteristics of cavity‐scattered waves. In numerical studies, equivalent offset migration is superior to Kirchhoff post‐stack migration in the case of seismic scattered‐wave imaging. A fast‐moving detection device for urban construction conditions is designed to meet the data‐acquisition requirements on the basis of the scattered‐wave characteristics and equivalent offset migration method. Efficient acquisition and accurate detection are confirmed, with the detected depth deviating by less than 1 m compared to the depth obtained from borehole checks along the Xuzhou Metro Line 1 in China. The results show that cavity detection using seismic scattered waves can meet urban engineering requirements. Further study on the design of a high‐performance detection device, reception and extraction of weakly scattered waves, and scattered‐wave recognition and interpretation techniques for different targets will be helpful in solving cavity‐detection problems in urban engineering.
A new convergence and positivity analysis of balanced Euler method for stochastic age‐dependent population equations
Authors: Tan Jianguo , Mayavel Pichamuthu , Rathinasamy Anandaraman , Cao Honglei
Published: October 2020

In a previous paper, a numerical method preserving positivity was constructed for stochastic age‐dependent population equations. However, only the local error of the balanced Euler method was verified. In this paper, we will give the global error of this numerical method in the mean square sense. Moreover, the strong convergence order is investigated which proves the convergence of the aforementioned method with strong orderin the mean of global error. At last, we give some numerical experiments to illustrate the efficiency of our method.
Implicit meshless method to solve 2D fractional stochastic Tricomi‐type equation defined on irregular domain occurring in fractal transonic flow
Authors: Mirzaee Farshid , Samadyar Nasrin
Published: October 2020

In the current paper, we develop a new method based on the finite difference formulation and meshless method to solve 2D time fractional stochastic Tricomi‐type equation with Caputo derivative in temporal direction and Neumann boundary condition defined on irregular domain, numerically. In this method, first the fractional order derivative is discretized by a finite difference scheme and then meshless method based on radial basis functions is employed to approximate the functions in the spatial directions. So, the solution of considered problem is transformed to the solution of a linear system of algebraic equations which will be solved at each time step. The most advantage of this method is that it has no triangular, quadrangular, or other type of meshes and therefore is very applicable to solve various high dimensional problems. Finally, some test problems with different domains have been solved via present method to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the newly developed meshless formulation. Numerical results confirm the present technique is very effective to approximate the solution of 2D fractional stochastic Tricomi‐type equation with Neumann boundary condition.
Applicability of cellulosic‐based Polyalthia longigolia seed filler reinforced vinyl ester biocomposites on tribological performance
Authors: Nagaprasad Nagaraj , Stalin Balasubramaniam , Vignesh Venkataraman , Ravichandran Manickam , Rajini Nagarajan , Ismail Sikiru Oluwarotimi
Published: October 2020

The focus of this work was to analyze the effect of weight percentage (wt%) of Polyalthia longigolia seed filler (PLSF) on the wear responses (wear loss and coefficient of friction) of the vinyl ester (VE) matrix composites, using signal‐to‐noise (SN) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods. The Polyalthia longigolia seed filler/vinyl ester (PLSF‐VE) composites were produced by compression molding (CM) technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the PLSF content was homogeneously distributed in the matrix. Pin on disc (POD) wear tester was employed to carry out the experiments. Both SN ratio and ANOVA were performed to determine the process parameters that exhibited lower wear responses. The wear of the composite was minimized by optimizing the four diverse process factors: load, P (N), sliding speed, N (rpm) and filler content (wt%), based on Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. The process parameters at which minimum wear loss (WL) occurred were identified with 25 wt% sample at 10 N and 300 rpm. Also, the process parameters for minimum coefficient of friction (COF) were observed with 25 wt% sample at 5 N and 700 rpm. From the ANOVA results obtained, it was evident that P mostly influenced the WL and COF of the PLSF‐VE composites during POD wear testing. This kind of lightweight composite can be a suitable alternative for small scales loading conditions, such as brake bad and clutch plates in the automobile industry.
Study of dielectric and electromagnetic shielding behaviour of BaTiO3‐CoFe2O4 filled LDPE composite
Authors: Vaid Kriti , Chaurasia Amit , Rathore Deepshikha , Singhal Rahul , Dwivedi Umesh Kumar
Published: October 2020

This paper reports the formation of BaTiO3/CoFe2O4 (BT‐CFO) filled low‐density‐polyethylene (LDPE) composite via the process of melt mixing and characterization for their dielectric and electromagnetic shielding behaviors. The X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) result of synthesized CoFe2O4 shows the cubic phase structure formation with a crystallite size of 28.6 nm. The BT nanopowder and synthesized nanopowder of Cobalt ferrite (CFO) were mixed together in an equal amount (50:50), and sintered at 800°C for 1 hour. A series of samples of BT‐CFO was prepared by taking a different amount of BT‐CFO (ie, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 wt%) with LDPE. The dielectric measurements of BT‐CFO/LDPE composites were carried out at different temperatures using LCR meter at a frequency range from 40 Hz to 5 MHz. The dielectric behaviour of samples exhibited a change in dielectric constant with an increase in temperature and frequency. The electromagnetic shielding measurements were examined over X‐band with a frequency range from 8.2GHz to 12.4GHz of the prepared BT‐CFO/LDPE composites. The EMI shielding effectiveness of prepared BT‐CFO/LDPE composites exhibited a maximum value of 17.9 dB.
Machaerium acutifolium compounds with larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti
Authors: Melo Sebastião J , Sousa João Paulo B , Sá Maíra G , Morais Laís S , Magalhães Natália MG , Gouveia Fernando N , Albernaz Lorena C , Espindola Laila S
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Plant extracts and isolated compounds are known for their insecticidal activity. The Aedes aegypti mosquito has a significant medical impact as it transmits a number of arboviruses and is able to develop resistance to the commercially available insecticides. This study investigates larvicidal compounds isolated from Machaerium acutifolium, designated by the Brazilian Forest Service as a sustainable species.

RESULTS

A M. acutifolium trunk ethyl acetate extract was fractionated using chromatographic methods with full structural elucidation by mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance and specific rotation analyses revealing: one new 3‐arylcoumarin derivative 1; two flavonoids 2 and 3; a trans‐stilbene 4, and an unprecedented natural indene 5. The larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti after 24 h exposure was: crude extract (median lethal dose, LC50 205 mg L–1), fraction C (LC50 27 mg L–1) and 5 (LC50 24 mg L–1).

CONCLUSION

A M. acutifolium extract showed larvicidal activity, which increased with prolonged exposure, demonstrating LC50 75 mg L–1 after 72 h. Although the flavonoids 2 and 3 and trans‐stilbene 4 were deemed inactive according to the adopted mortality limit, additional tests revealed their ability to cause 65% Ae. aegypti larvae mortality, suggesting they could contribute to the larvicidal activity. Compound 5, identified by liquid chromatography‐MS, was over eight‐fold more toxic to larvae than the crude extract after 24 h. Therefore, 5 constitutes a structural model for new prototypes to control Ae. aegypti. These data reinforce the potential of natural products as a source of commercial alternatives for vector control strategies, respecting both sustainability and eco‐friendly principles. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Ordering trees by their ABC spectral radii
Authors: Lin Wenshui , Yan Zhangyong , Fu Peifang , Liu Jia‐Bao
Published: October 2020

Let G = (V, E) be a connected graph, where V = {v1, v2, …, vn}. Let di denote the degree of vertex vi. The ABC matrix of G is defined as M(G) = (mij)n × n, where if vivj ∈ E, and 0 otherwise. The ABC spectral radius of G is the largest eigenvalue of M(G). In the present paper, two graph perturbations with respect to ABC spectral radius are established. By applying these perturbations, the trees with the third, fourth, and fifth largest ABC spectral radii are determined.
Robust iterative learning control for linear continuous systems with vector relative degree under varying input trail lengths and random initial state shifts
Authors: Wei Yun‐Shan , Li Xiao‐Dong
Published: October 2020

For linear continuous multiple‐input multiple‐output systems with vector relative degree, which operate repetitively with an input‐driven motion and a following autonomous motion over a finite time interval, this article proposes an iteratively moving average operator (IMAO) based D‐type iterative learning control (ILC) method to address the iteratively varying input trail lengths and random initial state shifts. The proposed ILC algorithm has a rectifying action to random initial state shifts at the designed initial time interval. From the terminal time of rectifying action to the end of control input, it makes the ILC tracking error convergent into a bounded range, the bound of which is proportional to the initial state shifts. Specifically, as the initial state shifts remain fixed, the ILC tracking error can be driven to zero at the relevant time interval along the iteration axis. An example manifests the validity of the proposed IMAO based D‐type ILC algorithm.
Defects and Their Passivation in Hybrid Halide Perovskites toward Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Maiti Abhishek , Chatterjee Soumyo , Peedikakkandy Lekha , Pal Amlan J.
Published: October 2020

The rise of hybrid metal–halide perovskites as potential solar energy materials has revolutionized research on next‐generation solar cells. According to recent studies, the rationale behind such success is the rich defect physics of materials. Studies on the origin of different types of prevailing defects, their formation, and mechanism of defect passivation have hence become decisive avenues. Herein, the possible origins of defects and different defect analysis techniques in hybrid halide perovskites are discussed. While initiating the discussion with the archetypal methylammonium lead halide, perovskites beyond the conventional ABX3 structure are included. In this direction, some major advancements to date on defect formation in the bulk of hybrid halide perovskites, at the grains and grain boundaries, are summarized. Numerous effective methods to passivate the defects and the adverse effect of defects on device efficiency are further highlighted. Hence, the prospect of defect engineering in perovskite materials is pointed toward improving the power conversion efficiency and long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The discussion rightfully addresses that the in‐depth exploration of defect engineering is anticipated to have a gigantic impact toward the achievement of predicted efficiency in metal–halide PSCs.
Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskites: Structure, Luminescence, and Applications
Authors: Wu Ye , Li Xiaoming , Zeng Haibo
Published: October 2020

Organic–inorganic halide perovskites have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the toxicity of heavy atom Pb2+ and instability overshadow further commercial applications, motivating researchers to explore alternative analogues to overcome these disadvantages. Lead‐free halide double perovskites (HDPs), sharing similar crystal structures with organic–inorganic halide perovskites, are promising candidates for optoelectronic applications. However, HDPs possess unique properties that are uncommon in organic–inorganic halide perovskites deriving from feasible component engineering and strong electron–phonon interaction. Bright luminescence in HDPs originates from self‐trapped excitons (STEs) and sensitized dopants can cover the full visible and near‐infrared ray (NIR) gamut by modulating parity‐forbidden transitions and the energy‐transfer process. The superior optoelectronic characteristics of HDPs further extend applications on self‐assembly, white‐light phosphors, NIR bioimaging, and scintillators, in comparison to organic–inorganic halide perovskites. Herein, the structural diversity, tunable luminescence, photophysical mechanism of STEs, charge‐carrier dynamics, size effect, and stability issues of HDPs are discussed. The challenges and outlook for further investigations are also given, which may help in discovering new analogues and boosting the photoluminescence quantum yield and stability of HDPs.
VtNet: A neural network with variable importance assessment
Authors: Zhang Lixiang , Lin Lin , Li Jia
Published: October 2020

The architectures of many neural networks rely heavily on the underlying grid associated with the variables, for instance, the lattice of pixels in an image. For general biomedical data without a grid structure, the multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) and deep belief network (DBN) are often used. However, in these networks, variables are treated homogeneously in the sense of network structure; and it is difficult to assess their individual importance. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network called Variable‐block tree Net (VtNet) whose architecture is determined by an underlying tree with each node corresponding to a subset of variables. The tree is learned from the data to best capture the causal relationships among the variables. VtNet contains a long short‐term memory (LSTM)‐like cell for every tree node. The input and forget gates of each cell control the information flow through the node, and they are used to define a significance score for the variables. To validate the defined significance score, VtNet is trained using smaller trees with variables of low scores removed. Hypothesis tests are conducted to show that variables of higher scores influence classification more strongly. Comparison is made with the variable importance score defined in Random Forest from the aspect of variable selection. Our experiments demonstrate that VtNet is highly competitive in classification accuracy and can often improve accuracy by removing variables with low significance scores.
Relationship of amyloid beta and neurofibrillary tau deposition in Neurodegeneration in Aging Down Syndrome (NiAD) study at baseline
Authors: Tudorascu DL , Laymon CM , Zammit M , Minhas DS , Anderson SJ , Ellison PA , Zaman S , Ances BM , Sabbagh M , Johnson SC , Mathis CA , Klunk WE , Handen BL , Christian BT , Cohen AD
Published: October 2020

Importance

Adults with Down syndrome (DS) are at high‐risk of revealing Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, in part due to the triplication of chromosome 21 encoding the amyloid precursor protein. Adults with DS are uniformly affected by AD pathology by their 30′s and have a 70% to 80% chance of clinical dementia by their 60′s. Our previous studies have assessed longitudinal changes in amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation in DS.

Objective

The goal of the present study was to assess the presence of brain tau using [18F]AV‐1451 positron emission tomography (PET) in DS and to assess the relationship of brain tau pathology to Aβ using Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB)‐PET.

Design

Cohort study

Setting

Multi‐center study

Participants

Participants consisted of a sample of individuals with DS and sibling controls recruited from the community; exclusion criteria included contraindications for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or a medical or psychiatric condition that impaired cognitive functioning.

Exposures

PET brain scans to assess Aβ ([11C]PiB) and tau ([18F]AV‐1451) burden.

Main outcomes and measures

Multiple linear regression models (adjusted for chronological age, sex and performance site) were used to examine associations between regional [18F]AV‐1451 standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) (based on regions associated with Braak stages 1‐6) and global [11C]PiB SUVR (as both a continuous and dichotomous variable).

Results

A cohort of 156 participants (mean age = 39.05, SD(8.4)) were examined. These results revealed a significant relationship between in vivo Aβ and tau pathology in DS. As a dichotomous variable, [18F]AV‐1451 retention was higher in each Braak region in PiB(+) participants. We also found, based on our statistical models, starting with the Braak 3 region of interest (ROI), an acceleration of [18F]AV‐1451 SUVR deposition with [11C]PiB SUVR increases.
Transparent Integration and Sharing of Life Cycle Sustainability Data with Provenance
Authors: Hansen Emil Riis , Lissandrini Matteo , Ghose Agneta , Løkke Søren , Thomsen Christian , Hose Katja
Published: October 2020

Life Cycle Sustainability Analysis (LCSA) studies the complex processes describing product life cycles and their impact on the environment, economy, and society. Effective and transparent sustainability assessment requires access to data from a variety of heterogeneous sources across countries, scientific and ecsonomic sectors, and institutions. Moreover, given their important role for governments and policymakers, the results of many different steps of this analysis should be made freely available, alongside the information about how they have been computed in order to ensure accountability. In this paper, we describe how Semantic Web technologies in general and PROV-O in particular, are used to enable transparent sharing and integration of datasets for LCSA. We describe the challenges we encountered in helping a community of domain experts with no prior expertise in Semantic Web technologies to fully overcome the limitations of their current practice in integrating and sharing open data. This resulted in the first nucleus of an open data repository of information about global production. Furthermore, we describe how we enable domain experts to track the provenance of particular pieces of information that are crucial in higher-level analysis.
The Λ-BMS4 charge algebra
Authors: Compère Geoffrey , Fiorucci Adrien , Ruzziconi Romain
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The surface charge algebra of generic asymptotically locally (A)dS4 spacetimes without matter is derived without assuming any boundary conditions. Surface charges associated with Weyl rescalings are vanishing while the boundary diffeomorphism charge algebra is non-trivially represented without central extension. The Λ-BMS4 charge algebra is obtained after specifying a boundary foliation and a boundary measure. The existence of the flat limit requires the addition of corner terms in the action and symplectic structure that are defined from the boundary foliation and measure. The flat limit then reproduces the BMS4 charge algebra of supertranslations and super-Lorentz transformations acting on asymptotically locally flat spacetimes. The BMS4 surface charges represent the BMS4 algebra without central extension at the corners of null infinity under the standard Dirac bracket, which implies that the BMS4 flux algebra admits no non-trivial central extension.
Structure of two-loop SMEFT anomalous dimensions via on-shell methods
Authors: Bern Zvi , Parra-Martinez Julio , Sawyer Eric
Published: October 2020

Abstract

We describe on-shell methods for computing one- and two-loop anomalous dimensions in the context of effective field theories containing higher-dimension operators. We also summarize methods for computing one-loop amplitudes, which are used as inputs to the computation of two-loop anomalous dimensions, and we explain how the structure of rational terms and judicious renormalization scheme choices can lead to additional vanishing terms in the anomalous dimension matrix at two loops. We describe the two-loop implications for the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). As a by-product of this analysis we verify a variety of one-loop SMEFT anomalous dimensions computed by Alonso, Jenkins, Manohar and Trott.
Confronting same-sign W-boson production with parton correlations
Authors: Cotogno Sabrina , Kasemets Tomas , Myska Miroslav
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The future runs of LHC offer a unique opportunity to measure correlations between two partons inside the proton, which have never been experimentally detected. The process of interest is the production of two positively charged W-bosons decaying in the muon channel. We present a detailed analysis of proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 13 TeV, where we combine Monte Carlo event generators with our calculations of parton correlations. We carefully compare double parton scattering to relevant background processes and trace a path towards a clean signal sample. Several observables are constructed to demonstrate the effect of parton correlations with respect to clear benchmark values for uncorrelated scatterings. We find that especially spin correlations can be responsible for large effects in the variables we study, because of their direct relation with the parton angular momentum and, therefore, the directions of the muon momenta. We estimate the significance of the measurements as a function of the integrated luminosity and conclude that the LHC has the potential to detect, or put strong limits on, parton correlations in the near future.
Hyperbolic Harmonic Functions and Hyperbolic Brownian Motion
Authors: Eriksson Sirkka-Liisa , Kaarakka Terhi
Published: October 2020

We study harmonic functions with respect to the Riemannian metric $$\begin{aligned} ds^{2}=\frac{dx_{1}^{2}+\cdots +dx_{n}^{2}}{x_{n}^{\frac{2\alpha }{n-2}}} \end{aligned}$$

d

s
2

=

d

x

1

2

+
⋯
+
d

x

n

2

x

n

2
α

n
-
2

in the upper half space $$\mathbb {R}_{+}^{n}=\{\left( x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n}\right) \in \mathbb {R}^{n}:x_{n}>0\}$$

R

+

n

=

{

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

∈

R

n

:

x
n

>
0
}

. They are called $$\alpha $$
α
-hyperbolic harmonic. An important result is that a function f is $$\alpha $$
α
-hyperbolic harmonic íf and only if the function $$g\left( x\right) =x_{n}^{-\frac{ 2-n+\alpha }{2}}f\left( x\right) $$

g

x

=

x

n

-

2
-
n
+
α

2

f

x

is the eigenfunction of the hyperbolic Laplace operator $$\bigtriangleup _{h}=x_{n}^{2}\triangle -\left( n-2\right) x_{n}\frac{\partial }{\partial x_{n}}$$

△
h

=

x

n

2

▵
-

n
-
2

x
n

∂

∂

x
n

corresponding to the eigenvalue $$\ \frac{1}{4}\left( \left( \alpha +1\right) ^{2}-\left( n-1\right) ^{2}\right) =0$$

1
4

α
+
1

2

-

n
-
1

2

=
0

. This means that in case $$\alpha =n-2$$

α
=
n
-
2

, the $$n-2$$

n
-
2

-hyperbolic harmonic functions are harmonic with respect to the hyperbolic metric of the Poincaré upper half-space. We are presenting some connections of $$\alpha $$
α
-hyperbolic functions to the generalized hyperbolic Brownian motion. These results are similar as in case of harmonic functions with respect to usual Laplace and Brownian motion.
Factors influencing the mat forming process via aerodynamic spreading in cement-bonded particleboard production
Authors: Direske Martin , Procházka Jiří , Wenderdel Christoph
Published: October 2020

The production of three-layered cement-bonded particleboards (CBPB) differs in most cases from that of adhesively bonded particleboards. However, one production step is quite similar: mat forming. A homogeneous mat is formed by aerodynamic or by mechanical spreading or by a combination of both methods. The distribution of the particles is influenced by their separation and flight characteristics. Those characteristics are in turn influenced by particle size and the combination of the particle’s surface area and weight. Because density of cement is higher than that of wood, the cement/wood (c/w) ratio will influence the particles’ separation and flight characteristics significantly. In the current study, laboratory-made particles of different sizes were mixed with different amounts of cement. An aerodynamic former was then used to help determine the influence of the different particle types and the c/w ratio of the mix on mat forming. The strewn particles were analysed for their distribution of mass, size and cement content as a function of spreading distance. The particle size decreased with increasing spreading distance. In addition, the cement content and spreading distance were positively correlated. For a c/w ratio of 1.9, increasing cement content correlated with increasing distance. This means, large particles and less cement tended to fall earlier than smaller ones and more cement. This corresponds to the observation that the specific surface area of the particles increases with increasing spreading distance. Vice versa, the density of the particles decreases with increasing spreading distance. The effect is more apparent when the particle mixture is heterogeneous in size at constant process parameters (e.g., air velocity). Looking at the density profile of a CBPB board, the surface layers consist of small particles with a higher cement fraction, and the core layer consists of large particles with smaller cement fraction. Thus, the production of CBPB requires two aerodynamic formers working in opposite directions. With the results of this study, it is possible to optimise production parameters, such as the speed of the transport caul and the air velocity with regard to the infeed raw material parameters in order to create a symmetrical particle distribution from top to bottom of the mat, resulting in an optimized and application-oriented density profile.
HMGB1: an important regulator of myeloid differentiation and acute myeloid leukemia as well as a promising therapeutic target
Authors: Liu Lulu , Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Xianning , Cheng Panpan , Liu Lei , Huang Qian , Liu Haihui , Ren Saisai , Wei Peng , Wang Cuiling , Dou Cuiyun , Chen Lulu , Liu Xin , Zhang Hao , Chen Mingtai
Published: October 2020

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone nuclear protein which has been intensively studied in various physiological and pathological processes including leukemia. Here in this study, we further demonstrated that HMGB1 presents higher expression in the bone marrow mononuclear cells of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients compared with the normal controls and contributes to the AML pathogenesis and progression by inhibiting apoptosis, facilitating proliferation, and inducing myeloid differentiation blockade of AML cells. Mechanistic investigation revealed that transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI) acts as a potential downstream target of HMGB1 and lentivirus-mediated knockdown of TGFBI expression impaired phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)–induced myeloid differentiation of AML cell lines. On the other hand, chidamide, an orally histone deacetylase inhibitor, decreases HMGB1 expression significantly in AML cells with concomitant upregulation of TGFBI expression, and confers therapeutic effect on AML by inducing cell differentiation, apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. In conclusion, our findings provide additional insights that HMGB1 is a promising therapeutic target of AML, and also present experimental evidence for the clinical application of chidamide as a novel agent in AML therapy by downregulating HMGB1 expression.

Key messages

HMGB1 induces cell proliferation and myeloid differentiation blockade and inhibits apoptosis of AML cells.

TGFBI acts as a potential target of HMGB1.

Chidamide, a selective HDAC inhibitor, confers promising therapeutic effect for AML via downregulating HMGB1 expression.
Identification and mapping of new genes for resistance to downy mildew in lettuce
Authors: Parra Lorena , Nortman Kazuko , Sah Anil , Truco Maria Jose , Ochoa Oswaldo , Michelmore Richard
Published: October 2020

Key message

Eleven new major resistance genes for lettuce downy mildew were introgressed from wildLactucaspecies and mapped to small regions in the lettuce genome.

Downy mildew, caused by the oomycete pathogenBremia lactucaeRegel, is the most important disease of lettuce (Lactuca sativaL.). The most effective method to control this disease is by using resistant cultivars expressing dominant resistance genes (Dmgenes). In order to counter changes in pathogen virulence, multiple resistance genes have been introgressed from wild species by repeated backcrosses to cultivated lettuce, resulting in numerous near-isogenic lines (NILs) only differing for small chromosome regions that are associated with resistance. Low-pass, whole genome sequencing of 11 NILs was used to identify the chromosome segments introgressed from the wild donor species. This located the candidate chromosomal positions for resistance genes as well as additional segments. F2segregating populations derived from these NILs were used to genetically map the resistance genes to one or two loci in the lettuce reference genome. Precise knowledge of the location of newDmgenes provides the foundation for marker-assisted selection to breed cultivars with multiple genes for resistance to downy mildew.
Rational curves on fibered varieties
Authors: Anella Fabrizio
Published: October 2020

LetXbe a complex projective variety with log terminal singularities and vanishing augmented irregularity. In this paper, we prove that ifXadmits a relatively minimal genus-one fibration, then it contains a subvariety of codimension one covered by rational curves contracted by the fibration. We then focus on the case of varieties with numerically trivial canonical bundle and we discuss several consequences of this result.
Correlated fluorescence microscopy and multi-ion beam secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging reveals phosphatidylethanolamine increases in the membrane of cancer cells over-expressing the molecular chaperone subunit CCTδ
Authors: Fletcher John S. , Sämfors Sanna , Vallin Josefine , Svanström Andreas , Grantham Julie
Published: October 2020

Changes in the membrane composition of sub-populations of cells can influence different properties with importance to tumour growth, metastasis and treatment efficacy. In this study, we use correlated fluorescence microscopy and ToF-SIMS with C60+ and (CO2)6k+ ion beams to identify and characterise sub-populations of cells based on successful transfection leading to over-expression of CCTδ, a component of the multi-subunit molecular chaperone named chaperonin-containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 (CCT). CCT has been linked to increased cell growth and proliferation and is known to affect cell morphology but corresponding changes in lipid composition of the membrane have not been measured until now. Multivariate analysis of the surface mass spectra from single cells, focused on the intact lipid ions, indicates an enrichment of phosphatidylethanolamine species in the transfected cells. While the lipid changes in this case are driven by the structural changes in the protein cytoskeleton, the consequence of phosphatidylethanolamine enrichment may have additional implications in cancer such as increased membrane fluidity, increased motility and an ability to adapt to a depletion of unsaturated lipids during cancer cell proliferation. This study demonstrates a successful fluorescence microscopy-guided cell by cell membrane lipid analysis with broad application to biological investigation.

Graphical abstract
CD1d expression in glioblastoma is a promising target for NKT cell-based cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Hara Ayaka , Koyama-Nasu Ryo , Takami Mariko , Toyoda Takahide , Aoki Takahiro , Ihara Fumie , Kobayashi Masayoshi , Hirono Seiichiro , Matsutani Tomoo , Nakayama Toshinori , Iwadate Yasuo , Motohashi Shinichiro
Published: October 2020

Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive type of brain tumor with high recurrence and fatality rates. Although various therapeutic strategies have been explored, there is currently no effective treatment for glioblastoma. Recently, the number of immunotherapeutic strategies has been tested for malignant brain tumors. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play an important role in anti-tumor immunity. To address if iNKT cells can target glioblastoma to exert anti-tumor activity, we assessed the expression of CD1d, an antigen-presenting molecule for iNKT cells, on glioblastoma cells. Glioblastoma cells from 10 of 15 patients expressed CD1d, and CD1d-positive glioblastoma cells pulsed with glycolipid ligand induced iNKT cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Although CD1d expression was low on glioblastoma stem-like cells, retinoic acid, which is the most common differentiating agent, upregulated CD1d expression in these cells and induced iNKT cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, intracranial administration of human iNKT cells induced tumor regression of CD1d-positive glioblastoma in orthotopic xenografts in NOD/Shi-scid IL-2RγKO (NOG) mice. Thus, CD1d expression represents a novel target for NKT cell-based immunotherapy for glioblastoma patients.
Genetic association study of fatal pulmonary embolism
Authors: Meißner Lisa , Schürmann Peter , Dörk Thilo , Hagemeier Lars , Klintschar Michael
Published: October 2020

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a complex multi-factorial disease and represents one manifestation of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Most commonly PE constitutes a complication of VTE’s other clinical presentation deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The majority of studies concerning risk factors do not distinguish between PE and DVT. The risk factors are often estimated to be alike, but the prevalence and the risk associated with the major genetic factor Factor V Leiden differ between the two disease states. We have investigated the association of 22 SNPs with PE in 185 PE case and 375 healthy control subjects. At p = 0.05, eight SNPs presented with nominally significant evidence of association (EOA), although no significantly different genotype distributions remained between cases and controls after Bonferroni correction. Three of these variants (rs1800790, rs3813948, rs6025) showed EOA in the main analysis, and five variants (rs169713, rs1801131, rs4524, rs5985 and rs8176592) demonstrated EOAs in subgroups. Genomic variation modulating Factor V, Factor XIII, Beta fibrinogen (FGB), TFPI or HIVEP1 should be worth to be followed in subsequent studies. The findings of this study support the view that PE represents a complex disease with many factors contributing relatively small effects. Larger sample sizes will be required to reliably detect these small effects.
Solenoidal extensions in domains with obstacles: explicit bounds and applications to Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Fragalà Ilaria , Gazzola Filippo , Sperone Gianmarco
Published: October 2020

We introduce a new method for constructing solenoidal extensions of fairly general boundary data in (2d or 3d) cubes that contain an obstacle. This method allows us to provide explicit bounds for the Dirichlet norm of the extensions. It runs as follows: by inverting the trace operator, we first determine suitable extensions, not necessarily solenoidal, of the data; then we analyze the Bogovskii problem with the resulting divergence to obtain a solenoidal extension; finally, by solving a variational problem involving the infinity-Laplacian and using ad hoc cutoff functions, we find explicit bounds in terms of the geometric parameters of the obstacle. The natural applications of our results lie in the analysis of inflow–outflow problems, in which an explicit bound on the inflow velocity is needed to estimate the threshold for uniqueness in the stationary Navier–Stokes equations and, in case of symmetry, the stability of the obstacle immersed in the fluid flow.