bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High concentrations of clavulanic acid but not of its degradation products decrease glycerol consumption and oxygen uptake rates in cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus
Authors: Brethauer Simone , Held Martin , Panke Sven
Published: January 2008

Product inhibition of biological production systems is a widely observed phenomenon with prominent implications for the design and ultimately the success of biotechnological processes. In order to investigate whether such effects could limit the maximal concentrations in the production of the β‐lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid (CA) in Streptomyces clavuligerus cultivations under process‐related conditions, we first validated the equivalence of a laboratory scale aerated stirred tank reactor and a medium scale (50 mL) cultivation device, which required optimization of gas transfer in the latter and finally allowed to conduct the required experiments in smaller volumes with correspondingly reduced consumption of compounds. With this, we investigated the effect of CA additions on two global performance parameters: consumption of the carbon source glycerol and oxygen consumption (measured as the oxygen uptake rate, OUR). Increased levels of CA severely interfered with the physiology of the producing strain at least at and above 1.6 g L−1 CA, as indicated by a dose‐dependent decrease in maximal OURs and glycerol consumption rates. As CA is rapidly degraded during cultivation, it was unclear whether CA itself or its decomposition products, a complex mixture containing amongst others several pyrazine derivatives, were responsible for the observed effects. We supplemented S. clavuligerus cultures with mixtures of the decomposition products and found altered OUR and glycerol consumption, but CA production was not influenced. Compared to the drastic effect of CA itself, it is clear that the products of CA degradation exert a much less severe effect on growing S. clavuligerus cultures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 439–447. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microfluidic electroporation for delivery of small molecules and genes into cells using a common DC power supply
Authors: Wang Hsiang‐Yu , Lu Chang
Published: January 2008

Electroporation is an efficient method of introducing foreign impermeant molecules such as drugs and genes into cells. Conventional electroporation has been based on the application of short electrical pulses (electropulsation). Electropulsation requires specialized equipment and cannot be integrated easily with techniques such as electrophoresis which is based on constant voltage. Here we demonstrate the delivery of small molecules and genes into cells, using a microfluidic electroporation technique based on constant direct current (DC) voltage that we developed earlier. We demonstrate the delivery of two molecules into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO‐K1) cells: a membrane impermeable nucleic acid dye (SYTOX® Green) and a plasmid vector carrying the gene for green fluorescent protein (pEGFP‐C1). Our devices can exert field variations to flowing cells that are analogous to the application of single or multiple pulses by having different geometries. We investigate the effects of the electrical parameters and different geometries of the device on the transfection efficiency and cell viability. Our technique provides a simple solution to electroporation‐based drug and gene delivery by eliminating the need for a pulse generator. We envision that these simple microscale electroporation devices will have the potential to work in parallel on a microchip platform and such technology will allow high‐throughput functional screening of drugs and genes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 579–586. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishment and characterization of conditions required for tumor colonization by intravenously delivered bacteria
Authors: Yu Yong A. , Zhang Qian , Szalay Aladar A.
Published: January 2008

Intravenously injected bacteria have the ability to enter and replicate within tumors in mice. Here, we further characterized this dynamic process by investigating the conditions required for tumor colonization by bacteria. We discovered that a broad range of bacteria, including both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive strains, colonize a panel of syngeneic and xenogeneic tumors, as well as spontaneous tumors in mice. The colonization process is dependent on the stage of tumor development, but independent of tumor type. The entry and replication of bacteria in tumors was consistently achieved in nude mice when approximately 1 × 105 bacteria were injected. The majority of the bacteria were found in the central portion of the tumors, coinciding with the necrotic regions of sectioned tumors. We also found that, although cancer can be characterized as a chronic inflammation, inflammation alone, as seen in cutaneous wounds and in sites artificially induced by Sephadex, was not sufficient to sustain bacterial colonization. Furthermore, we found that “sensitizing” the tumors by oncolytic vaccinia virus colonization prior to bacterial delivery may help to enhance tumor colonization at least twofold by bacteria that were delivered subsequently. Taken together, the data from this and previous studies, lead us to propose the concept that blood‐borne bacteria enter tumors to amplify in the central necrotic region; and that, due to impaired immunosurveillance in the tumors as known previously, the clearance of bacteria is inhibited. Bacterial colonization of tumors could be achieved without any specific gene modifications either in bacteria or in the host. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 567–578. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbohydrate‐Mediated Targeting of Antigen to Dendritic Cells Leads to Enhanced Presentation of Antigen to T Cells
Authors: Adams Eddie W. , Ratner Daniel M. , Seeberger Peter H. , Hacohen Nir
Published: January 2008

The unique therapeutic value of dendritic cells (DCs) for the treatment of allergy, autoimmunity and transplant rejection is predicated upon our ability to selectively deliver antigens, drugs or nucleic acids to DCs in vivo. Here we describe a method for delivering whole protein antigens to DCs based on carbohydrate‐mediated targeting of DC‐expressed lectins. A series of synthetic carbohydrates was chemically‐coupled to a model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), and each conjugate was evaluated for its ability to increase the efficiency of antigen presentation by murine DCs to OVA‐specific T cells (CD4+ and CD8+). In vitro data are presented that demonstrate that carbohydrate modification of OVA leads to a 50‐fold enhancement of presentation of antigenic peptide to CD4+ T cells. A tenfold enhancement is observed for CD8+ T cells; this indicates that the targeted lectin(s) can mediate cross‐presentation of antigens on MHC class I. Our data indicate that the observed enhancements in antigen presentation are unique to OVA that is conjugated to complex oligosaccharides, such as a high‐mannose nonasaccharide, but not to monosaccharides. Taken together, our data suggest that a DC targeting strategy that is based upon carbohydrate‐lectin interactions is a promising approach for enhancing antigen presentation via class I and class II molecules.
A Library of Chiral Imidazoline–Aminophenol Ligands: Discovery of an Efficient Reaction Sphere
Authors: Arai Takayoshi , Yokoyama Naota , Yanagisawa Akira
Published: January 2008

A library of imidazoline–aminophenol ligands was synthesized on solid supports. After immobilization of chiral chloromethylimidazolines 1 and 2 onto the polystyrylsulfonyl chloride, nucleophilic substitution with (R)‐ or (S)‐phenylethylamine (3 and 4) provided four combinations of polymer‐supported imidazoline–amine ligands. Further reductive alkylation using salicylaldehydes 7–10 provided a series of imidazoline–aminophenol ligands (L9–L24). Analysis by solid‐phase catalysis/circular dichroism high‐throughput screening of a copper‐catalyzed Henry reaction revealed that ligand L25, comprising a (S,S)‐diphenylethylenediamine‐derived imidazoline, (S)‐phenylethylamine, and dibromophenol, was highly efficient, thus providing the adduct of nitromethane and benzaldehyde in 95 % ee. The combination of stereogenic centers was crucial in promoting the highly stereoselective reactions. The unique reaction sphere of L25 was also examined in a Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indole and nitroalkene to give the adduct in up to 83 % ee.
A Two‐State Reactivity Rationale for Counterintuitive Axial Ligand Effects on the CH Activation Reactivity of Nonheme FeIVO Oxidants
Authors: Hirao Hajime , Que Lawrence , Nam Wonwoo , Shaik Sason
Published: January 2008

This paper addresses the observation of counterintuitive reactivity patterns of iron–oxo reagents, TMC(L)FeO2+,1+; L=CH3CN, CF3CO2−, N3−, and SR−, in O‐transfer to phosphines versus H‐abstraction from, for example, 1,4‐cyclohexadiene. Experiments show that O‐transfer reactivity correlates with the electrophilicity of the oxidant, but H‐abstraction reactivity follows an opposite trend. DFT/B3 LYP calculations reveal that two‐state reactivity (TSR) serves as a compelling rationale for these trends, whereby all reactions involve two adjacent spin‐states of the iron(IV)–oxo species, triplet and quintet. The ground state triplet surface has high barriers, whereas the excited state quintet surface features lower ones. The barriers, on any single surface, are found to increase as the electrophilicity of TMC(L)FeO2+,1+ decreases. Thus, the counterintuitive behavior of the H‐abstraction reactions cannot be explained by considering the reactivity of only a single spin state but can be rationalized by a TSR model in which the reactions proceed on the two surfaces. Two TSR models are outlined: one is traditional involving a variable transmission coefficient for crossover from triplet to quintet, followed by quintet‐state reactions; the other considers the net barrier as a blend of the triplet and quintet barriers. The blending coefficient (x), which estimates the triplet participation, increases as the quintet–triplet energy gap of the TMC(L)FeO2+,1+ reagent increases, in the following order of L: CH3CN > CF3CO2− > N3− > SR−. The calculated barriers predict the dichotomic experimental trends and the counterintuitive behavior of the H‐abstraction series. The TSR approaches make a variety of testable predictions.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic and Electronic Properties of CaCu3Cr4O12 and CaCu3Cr2Sb2O12 by First‐Principles Density Functional Calculation.
Authors: Xiang H. P. , Liu X. J. , Zhao E. J. , Meng J. , Wu Z. J.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen‐17 Hyperfine Structures in the Pure Rotational Spectra of SrO, SnO, BaO, HfO and ThO.
Authors: Dewberry Christopher T. , Etchison Kerry C. , Grubbs Garry S. II , Powoski Robert A. , Serafin Michal M. , Peebles Sean A. , Cooke Stephen A.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Ce(SO4)2×4H2O Polymorphs: Crystal Structure and Thermal Behavior.
Authors: Casari Barbara M. , Langer Vratislav
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Cobaltite Materials Containing CdI2‐Type Layers: Synthesis and Structures of Ba2Co4ClO7 and Ba2Co4BrO7.
Authors: Kauffmann Matthieu , Tancret Nathalie , Abraham Francis , Roussel Pascal
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Composition‐Induced Phase Transition in Ca14Zn6‐xGa10+xO35+x/2 (x = 0.0 and 0.5).
Authors: Istomin S. Ya. , Chernov S. V. , Antipov E. V. , Dobrovolsky Yu. A.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Transition Between Two Anhydrous Modifications of NaHSO4 Mediated by Heat and Water.
Authors: Zangmeister Christopher D. , Pemberton Jeanne E.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Cationic Mobility, Thermal Evolution and Spectroscopic Study of Cs8(UO2)4(WO4)4 (WO5)2 Containing Infinite Uranyl Tungstate Chains.
Authors: Yagoubi Said , Obbade Said , Benseghir Mohamed , Abraham Francis , Saadi Mohamed
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Properties of New Vanadate PbCo2V2O8.
Authors: He Zhangzhen , Ueda Yutaka , Itoh Mitsuru
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Mediated Cyclization of Thiobenzamides to Produce Benzothiazoles and Benzoxazoles.
Authors: Downer‐Riley Nadale K. , Jackson Yvette A.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Light‐Sensitive Protecting Groups for Amines and Alcohols: The Photosolvolysis of N‐Substituted 7‐Nitroindolines.
Authors: Hassner Alfred , Yagudayev Diana , Pradhan Tarun K. , Nudelman Abraham , Amit Boaz
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: ZrOCl2 Catalyzed Chemoselective Conversion of Aldehydes to geminal‐Diacetates and Their Cleavage: A Mild and Efficient Method.
Authors: Nagaraj Adki , Reddy Cherkupally Sanjeeva
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Smaller Building Blocks Form Larger Assemblies: Aggregation Behavior of Biaryl‐Based Dendritic Facial Amphiphiles.
Authors: Ambade Ashootosh V. , Aathimanikandan Sivakumar V. , van der Poll Derek , Thayumanavan S.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Benzoylation of α‐Amino Esters Using (S)‐1‐Benzoyl‐2‐(α‐acetoxyethyl)benzimidazole, a Chiral Benzimidazolide.
Authors: Karnik Anil V. , Kamath Suchitra S.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Prolinol tert‐Butyldiphenylsilyl Ether as Organocatalyst for the Asymmetric Michael Addition of Cyclohexanone to Nitroolefins.
Authors: Liu Fengying , Wang Shiwen , Wang Ning , Peng Yungui
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Bridged and Bis‐Ligand‐Coordinated Titanium Complexes: Synthesis, Structure and Relevance to Phenylacetylene Hydroanilination Catalysis.
Authors: Han Xiao‐Yu , Li Ya‐Hong , Wei Hua , Zhang Yong
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Trimethylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate as a Metal‐Free, Homogeneous and Strong Lewis Acid Catalyst for Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Aminonitriles and Their Fluorinated Analogues
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Panja Chiradeep , Do Clement , Mathew Thomas , Olah George A.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Aza‐Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction of Cyclic Enones with N‐Tosylarylimines.
Authors: He Lin , Jian Teng‐Yue , Ye Song
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐ and (Z)‐α‐Substituted Cinnamates: Stereospecific Dehydration Reaction with 1‐Ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and Copper(II) Chloride.
Authors: Sai Hiroshi , Ogiku Tsuyoshi , Ohmizu Hiroshi
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodinane‐ and Metal‐Free Synthesis of N‐Cyano Sulfilimines: Novel and Easy Access of NH‐Sulfoximines.
Authors: Garcia Mancheno Olga , Bistri Olivia , Bolm Carsten
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Pd/C‐Catalyzed Ligand‐Free Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reaction Using Aryl Boronic Esters.
Authors: Kitamura Yoshiaki , Sakurai Ai , Udzo Takahiro , Maegawa Tomohiro , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Valsartan via Decarboxylative Biaryl Coupling.
Authors: Goossen Lukas J. , Melzer Bettina
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free Stille Cross‐Coupling Reaction Using Pd/CaCO3 as Catalyst Reservoir.
Authors: Coelho Aline V. , de Souza Andrea Luzia F. , de Lima Paulo G. , Wardell James L. , Antunes O. A. C.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Practical Process for Pd/Cu Cocatalyzed Homocoupling Reaction of Terminal Alkynes Using Sodium Percarbonate as a Dual Reagent in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Zhou Lei , Zhan Hai‐Ying , Liu Hai‐Ling , Jiang Huan‐Feng
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Chloro‐4,5,6,7‐tetraalkyldihydroindene Formation by Reaction of Bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanacyclopentadienes with Titanium Chloride.
Authors: Takahashi Tamotsu , Song Zhiyi , Sato Kimihiko , Kuzuba Yuichi , Nakajima Kiyohiko , Kanno Ken‐ichiro
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Arylmethyl‐2‐(2‐cyanoethyl)aziridines and Their Rearrangement into Novel 2‐(Aminomethyl)cyclopropanecarbonitriles.
Authors: D'hooghe Matthias , Vervisch Karel , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Cyclization Reaction Between 2,3‐Bis(trimethylsilyl)buta‐1,3‐diene and Acyl Chlorides with Straightforward Formation of Polysubstituted Furans.
Authors: Babudri Francesco , Cicco Stefania R. , Farinola Gianluca M. , Lopez Linda C. , Naso Francesco , Pinto Vita
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nef Reaction of Nitropyrrolidines: Novel Synthesis of Hydroxypyrrolidine Derivatives.
Authors: Pak Chwang Siek , Nyerges Miklos
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Reductive Cyclization of Diethyl 2‐(2‐Nitro‐1‐arylethyl)malonate by Zinc and Ammonium Chloride in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Jayapradha S. R. , Muthusubramanian S.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparison of Benzene, Nitrobenzene, and Dinitrobenzene 2‐Arylsulfenylpyrroles.
Authors: Garabatos‐Perera Jose R. , Rotstein Benjamin H. , Thompson Alison
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Process for the Bromolactamization of Unsaturated Acids.
Authors: Yeung Ying‐Yeung , Corey E. J.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indole‐ and Pyrido[1,2‐a]indole‐Based Quinone Methides. Mechanistic Explanations of Differences in Cytostatic/Cytotoxic Properties.
Authors: Khdour Omar , Skibo Edward B.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of the Nitroaldol (Henry) Reaction for a Two‐Step Sequence in the Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Dihydropyran Derivatives.
Authors: Ballini Roberto , Gabrielli Serena , Palmieri Alessandro
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of 3‐Aryl‐5‐nitroisocoumarins from 5‐Nitroisocoumarins and Aromatic Acyl Chlorides under Friedel—Crafts Conditions.
Authors: Sunderland Peter T. , Thompson Andrew S. , Threadgill Michael D.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: From Dicarbonylallene to 1‐Aryl‐3,6‐dimethyl‐4‐aminoaryl‐2‐pyridones: A One‐Pot Versatile and Uncatalyzed Synthesis.
Authors: Boisse Thomas , Rigo Benoit , Millet Regis , Henichart Jean‐Pierre
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Derivatives of 4,5‐Dihydroimidazo[1,2‐a]phenanthroline.
Authors: Nazarenko K. G. , Shirokaya T. I. , Shvidenko K. V.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1‐Substituted Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines with Activated Alkynes — A New Original Approach to the Synthesis of Tetrahydroazocino[5,4‐b]indoles.
Authors: Voskressensky L. G. , Borisova T. N. , Kulikova L. N. , Dolgova E. G. , Kleimenov A. I. , Sorokina E. A. , Titov A. A. , Varlamov A. V.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Metathesis Between Diallylsilanes and Electron‐Deficient Olefins.
Authors: BouzBouz Samir , Boulard Lucie , Cossy Janine
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Amberlyst‐15 as a Heterogeneous Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy Phosphonates in Water.
Authors: Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Heydari Akbar , Khalilzadeh Mohammad A. , Lakouraj Moslem M. , Zamenian Behi , Khaksar Samad
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Enantioselective Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Aldehydes to Vinyl Phosphonates.
Authors: Sulzer‐Mosse Sarah , Tissot Matthieu , Alexakis Alexandre
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Domino Knoevenagel/1,6‐Heteroelectrocyclization Sequence to Access Phosphono‐2H‐thiopyrans.
Authors: Riu Antonella , Harrison‐Marchand Anne , Maddaluno Jacques , Gulea Mihaela , Albadri Hashim , Masson Serge
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Frondosin B (I).
Authors: Li Xin , Ovaska Timo V.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of Brominated Marine Sponge Alkaloids
Authors: Guinchard Xavier , Vallee Yannick , Denis Jean‐Noel
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthetic Strategy Using Witkop′s Pyrroloindole for (‐)‐Debromoflustramine B (I), (+)‐ent‐Debromoflustramine B and (+)‐ent‐Debromoflustramide B (II).
Authors: Cardoso A. Sofia P. , Marques M. Manuel B. , Srinivasan Natarajan , Prabhakar Sundaresan , Lobo Ana M.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Aminocoumarin Antibiotics Derived from 4‐Hydroxycinnamic Acid Are Formed After Heterologous Expression of a Modified Clorobiocin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster.
Authors: Anderle Christine , Li Shu‐Ming , Kammerer Bernd , Gust Bertolt , Heide Lutz
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Witkop—Winterfeldt Oxidation of Indoles
Authors: Mentel Matthias , Breinbauer Rolf
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Chemistry
Authors: Stockman R. A.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Alkylideneallyl Cations from Alkylidenecyclopropanone Acetals: Selectivity of the Reaction with Nucleophiles
Authors: Fujita Morifumi , Okuyama Tadashi
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Drugs — An Industrial Perspective
Authors: Federsel Hans‐Jurgen
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Star Polymer Design: Degradability and the Potential for Drug Delivery
Authors: Wiltshire James T. , Qiao Greg G.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Substrate and Docking Interactions in Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases
Authors: Goldsmith Elizabeth J. , Akella Radha , Min Xiaoshan , Zhou Tianjun , Humphreys John M.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Insights into Iron Porphyrin Catalyzed Olefin Epoxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide: Factors Controlling Activity and Selectivity
Authors: Stephenson Ned A. , Bell Alexis T.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Local self‐assembly mechanisms underlie the differential transformation of the proximal and distal cut axonal ends into functional and aberrant growth cones
Authors: Erez Hadas , Spira Micha E.
Published: January 2008

Following axotomy both the proximal and distal cut axonal ends transform into growth cones. Whereas the growth cone formed by the tip of the proximal segment branch to form neurites (left hand side), the structure formed by the distal cut end fails to grow. In red‐ microtubules, blue ‐ vesicles, and green ‐ actin. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1019–1030, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A service‐oriented Grid environment for integration of distributed kidney models and resources
Authors: Chu Xingchen , Lonie Andrew , Harris Peter , Thomas S. Randall , Buyya Rajkumar
Published: January 2008

In this paper, we present a Grid computing platform that provides experimental scientists and analysts with access to computational simulations and knowledge databases hosted in separate laboratories around the world involved with human and animal kidney research. No single laboratory can develop these resources in isolation, and the community of users should no longer need to be dependent upon the specific programming environment in which applications have been developed. This work aims at exploiting the power of high‐bandwidth communications networks for collaborative research and for shared access to knowledge resources. This platform is developed within a specialist community of renal scientists but will be transferable to any other field of research requiring interaction between published literature and databases, theoretical models and simulations and the formulation of effective experimental design. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human galectins as sensors for apoptosis/necrosis‐associated surface changes of granulocytes and lymphocytes
Authors: Beer Alexandra , André Sabine , Kaltner Herbert , Lensch Martin , Franz Sandra , Sarter Kerstin , Schulze Connie , Gaipl Udo S. , Kern Peter , Herrmann Martin , Gabius Hans‐Joachim
Published: January 2008

Changes in the glycomic profile can significantly affect the cells' communication with the environment. Plant lectins have so far been used to address the issue as to whether the courses of apoptosis or necrosis are associated with such alterations. We, here, initiate the study of members of the family of functionally pleiotropic human galectins in this respect. Established protocols for the induction of apoptosis/necrosis of blood cells and for flow cytometry using annexin V/propidium iodide were combined with cell surface staining using biotinylated galectins at a nontoxic concentration. The galectin panel covered members from all three subfamilies. Flow cytometry revealed specific binding of galectins to viable control cells and conspicuous staining differences when testing apoptotic or necrotic cells. Onset and especially progression of cell death led to pronounced reactivity with the proto‐type galectins‐1, ‐2, and ‐7 and tandem‐repeat‐type galectin‐4. Extent of staining depended on the nature and stage of cell death, type of dying cell, and type of galectin. Galectins act as sensors for cell‐death‐associated surface changes. Staining of late‐apoptotic polymorphonuclear cells was particularly strong. Examining the functional significance of this result may reveal a new aspect within the surveillance system to protect against autoinflammation. © 2008 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Single‐ and multi‐ carrier IDMA schemes with cyclic prefixing and zero padding techniques
Authors: Guo Qinghua , Yuan Xiaojun , Ping Li
Published: January 2008

In this paper, we investigate single‐carrier (SC) and multi‐carrier IDMA schemes with cyclic prefixing (CP) and zero padding (ZP) techniques. These schemes are called SC‐IDMA‐CP, SC‐IDMA‐ZP, orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM)‐IDMA‐CP and OFDM‐IDMA‐ZP, respectively. By exploiting the circulant property of channel matrices, the multi‐user detection of these schemes can be efficiently realised with per‐user complexity independent of the number of users and the length of inter‐symbol interference (ISI) channels. We show the potential advantages of ZP‐based schemes in power efficiency and convergence speed. Simulation results are provided to compare the four schemes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ANP‐cGMP‐protein kinase G pathway induces a phagocytic phenotype but decreases inflammatory gene expression in microglial cells
Authors: Borán Mariela Susana , Baltrons María Antonia , García Agustina
Published: January 2008

Reactive gliosis is a prominent feature of CNS injury that involves dramatic changes in glial cell morphology together with increased motility, phagocytic activity, and release of inflammatory mediators. We have recently demonstrated that stimulation of the cGMP‐protein kinase G (PKG) pathway by NO or atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) regulates cytoskeleton dynamics and motility in rat astrocytes in culture. In this work, we show that the cGMP‐PKG pathway stimulated by ANP, but not by NO, regulates microglial cell morphology by inducing a dramatic reorganization in the actin cytoskeleton. Both ANP (0.01–1.0 μM) and the permeable cGMP analog, dibutyryl‐cGMP (1–100 μM), promote a rapid (maximal at 30 min) and concentration‐dependent increase in size, rounding, and lamellipodia and filopodia formation in rat brain cultured microglia. These morphological changes involve an augment and redistribution of F‐actin and result in increased phagocytic activity. ANP‐induced rearrangements in actin cytoskeleton and inert particle phagocytosis are prevented by the PKG inhibitor, Rp‐8‐Br‐PET‐cGMPS (0.5 μM), and involve inhibition of RhoA GTPase and activation of Rac1 and Cdc42. However, ANP does not induce NO synthase Type 2 (NOS‐2) or tumor necrosis factor‐α expression and is able to decrease lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐elicited induction of these inflammatory genes. The morphological changes and the decrease of LPS‐induced NOS‐2 expression produced by ANP in cultured microglia are also observed by immunostaining in organotypic cultures from rat hippocampus. These results suggest that stimulation of the ANP‐cGMP‐PKG pathway in microglia could play a beneficial role in the resolution of neuroinflammation by removing dead cells and decreasing levels of proinflammatory mediators. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene expression profiling of astrocytes from hyperammonemic mice reveals altered pathways for water and potassium homeostasis in vivo
Authors: Lichter‐Konecki Uta , Mangin Jean Marie , Gordish‐dressman Heather , Hoffman Eric P. , Gallo Vittorio
Published: January 2008

Acute hyperammonemia (HA) causes cerebral edema and brain damage in children with urea cycle disorders (UCDs) and in patients in acute liver failure. Chronic HA is associated with developmental delay and mental retardation in children with UCDs, and with neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with chronic liver failure. Astrocytes are a major cellular target of hyperammonemic encephalopathy, and changes occurring in these cells are thought to be causally related to the brain edema of acute HA. To study the effect of HA on astrocytes in vivo, we crossed the Otcspf mouse, a mouse with the X‐linked UCD ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, with the hGFAP‐EGFP mouse, a mouse selectively expressing green fluorescent protein in astrocytes. We used FACS to purify astrocytes from the brains of hyperammonemic and healthy Otcspf/GFAP‐EGFP mice. RNA isolated from these astrocytes was used in microarray expression analyses and qRT‐PCR. When compared with healthy littermates, we observed a significant downregulation of the gap‐junction channel connexin 43 (Cx43) the water channel aquaporin 4 (Aqp4) genes, and the astrocytic inward‐rectifying potassium channel (Kir) genes Kir4.1 and Kir5.1 in hyperammonemic mice. Aqp4, Cx43, and Kir4.1/Kir5.1 are co‐localized to astrocytic end‐feet at the brain vasculature, where they regulate potassium and water transport. Since, NH4+ ions can permeate water and K+‐channels, downregulation of these three channels may be a direct effect of elevated blood ammonia levels. Our results suggest that alterations in astrocyte‐mediated water and potassium homeostasis in brain may be key to the development of the brain edema. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality control and homogeneity of Turkish precipitation data
Authors: Göktürk Ozan Mert , Bozkurt Deniz , Şen Ömer Lütfi , Karaca Mehmet
Published: January 2008

Outlier trimming and homogeneity checking/correction were performed on the monthly precipitation time series of various lengths from 267 stations in Turkey. Outlier values are usually found during dry summer months, and are concentrated mostly over the southern parts of the country, where the dry period is most pronounced, implying natural extremes rather than wrong measurements. Homogeneity analysis was done using the Standard Normal Homogeneity Test, on an individual monthly basis, which led to many non‐testable series due to lack of reference stations, especially during summer months. Yet, remaining testable months were usually helpful for the assessment of homogenity, revealing a well distributed set of stations that proved to be homogeneous. There were still a number of stations which either could not be tested efficiently, or were classified as inhomogeneous. Lack of metadata is argued to be largely responsible for inefficient homogeneity testing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of hysteresis on three‐dimensional transient water flow during surface trickle irrigation
Authors: Elmaloglou S. , Diamantopoulos E.
Published: January 2008

The effect of hysteresis on deep percolation, irrigation efficiency and soil water content profiles by surface point sources was studied through the use of a cylindrical flow model which incorporates hysteresis in the soil water characteristic curve (Scott et al., 1983), evaporation from the soil surface and water extraction by roots. Several combinations of discharge rate and irrigation durations were tested. The dripper spacing was 60 × 60 cm. The implementation of the mathematical model took place against two of the twelve USDA soil classes. Water content profiles are presented for a radial distance of 1, 17 and 32.8 cm from the point source and for various times. The results show that hysteresis seems to reduce the water losses under the root zone at the end of the simulation time to a great extent. In addition, it was found that hysteresis reduced the deep percolation more in the coarse‐grained soil than in the fine‐grained soil. Finally, for both soils hysteresis increased the irrigation efficiency. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.