bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Role of Maternal-Adult Child Relationship, Early Maladaptive Schemas, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation in Symptoms of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Authors: Mehdi Akbari , zeinali shirin
Published: August 2024

Objective
AvoidantAvoidant Restrictive Food IntakeIntake Disorder (ARFID) is a relatively new diagnostic classification, and the DSM-5 has called for further studies and evidence in this field. This study explored the role of maternal-adult-child relationship, early maladaptive schemas, and difficulties in emotion regulation in ARFID Symptoms.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 791 college students were selected through cluster random sampling in 2024. This correlational study investigated the role of demographic characteristics, the maternal-adult-child relationship, early maladaptive schemas, and difficulties in emotion regulation in predicting ARFID symptoms and its components: 1) sensory sensitivity, 2) lack of interest in eating and food, and 3) fear of aversive consequences.
Results
The study revealed a significant negative relationship between the maternal-adult-child relationship and ARFID, while early maladaptive schemas and difficulties in emotion regulation showed a positive relationship. Gender, field of study, maternal-adult-child relationship, emotion regulation difficulties, and early maladaptive schemas were identified as factors in predicting ARFID. Sensory sensitivity, lack of interest in eating or food, and fear of aversive consequences were also significantly predicted.
Discussion
These findings highlight the intricate connection between parental behaviors and difficulties in emotion regulation in ARFID, emphasizing the importance of considering these components in the identification and treatment of eating disorders, including ARFID.
Development of Prediction Models for Strength Behavior of MSWIA Mixed with Fiber and Cement
Authors: Singh Neelam , Priyadarshee Akash , Chandra Sunayana , Kumar Vikas
Published: August 2024

Engineers are increasingly interested in using municipal solid waste incinerator ash (MSWIA) to construct different geotechnical structures. This practice not only helps manage waste but also positively impacts the environment. Stabilizing such wastes by adding admixture and reinforcing material significantly improves their load-carrying capacity. This study investigates the strength behavior of the MSWIA mixed with cement and fiber, providing valuable insights for the practical application of these materials. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and split tensile strength (STS) tests were conducted to understand the behavior. The aspect ratio of the fiber, cement content, fiber content, and curing period varied during testing. The impact of individual variables was evaluated based on the results of the tests through sensitivity analysis. Further, a mathematical model based on the Artificial Neural network (ANN) and Multivariable linear regression model (MLRM) was developed, and results were compared. From the results, it was found that the ANN can predict the strength better than MLR. Also, a correlation between the UCS and STS for the MSWIA mixed with fiber and cement was established.
Evaluation of Aqueous Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants Against the Wild Radish- an Eco-friendly Aproach to Control the Troublesome Weed
Authors: Islam Muhammad Asaud , Maqbool Rizwan , Khaliq Abdul , Nadeem Muhammad Ather , Yasin Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Wild radish is increasingly becoming a problematic and troublesome weed of cropping systems in Pakistan, and an environment-friendly solution for this rapidly spreading weed is inevitable. The aqueous extracts of herbal plants with a strong phytotoxic influence are supposed to be used for an eco-friendly management of this weed. So, various pharmaceutical plants locally available in Pakistan were explored for their allelopathic potential against seed germination and seedling growth of wild radish. In this regard, aqueous extracts of the Swertia chirata L., Citrullus colocynthis L., Populous trmuloides L., Aloe barbadensis miller L., Fumaria officinalis L., Sphaeranthus indicus L., Berberis aristata L., and Withania coagulans L. were prepared, and their phenolic compounds were identified. The aqueous solution of Sphaeranthus indicus L. showed a maximum decline in germination percentage (76%), germination index (62%), and germination energy (76%), causing a maximum delay (3 days) to complete 50% germination with the highest mean germination time (4.6 days) of wild radish as compared with distilled water treatment. The shoot length, root length, shoots dry weight, root dry weight, seedling biomass and seedling vigor index of wild radish were most inhibited by aqueous solutions of Citrullus colocynthis L. The highest electrolyte leakage of wild radish seedlings was also observed where aqueous extracts of Citrullus colocynthis L. were applied. The leachate of Aloe barbadensis miller L. was the second most inhibitor of germination and seedling growth of wild radish. The Populous trmuloides L. also ranked second regarding germination inhibition. In contrast, the aqueous extracts of Swertia chirata L. and Berberis aristata L. showed a reverse phenomenon and enhanced the germination. The Aqueous extracts of all other plants showed marginal results regarding germination and seedling growth inhibition and were statistically at par with control treatment. Furthermore, the highest concentration of phenolics was detected in Sphaeranthus indicus L. (2789 mg L-1), while the lowest was present in Withania coagulans L. (1093 mg L-1).
Monopulse-recognition based interelectrode state detection for self-adjustable micro EDM servo control
Authors: Cao Peiyao , Tong Hao , Li Yong , Li Baoquan , Yu Feng
Published: August 2024

In micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM), it is crucial to maintain an optimal gap between tool electrode and workpiece for stable and continuous machining. Accurate and real-time state detection is a prerequisite for the implementation of gap servo control. A novel monopulse-recognition based state detection method for self-adjustable servo control is proposed. This detection method discriminates pulse types with high precision by utilizing unique monopulse characteristics. The detection circuit avoids capacitive filtering but integrates multi-level nanosecond comparators to overcome the trade-off between accuracy and real-time performance caused by improper time constant RC in conventional average voltage detection method. The self-adjustable servo control iteratively refines the servo speed to approach the optimal value, forming a macroscopic stair-stepping pattern complemented by microscopic fine-tuning self-adjustment. Orthogonal experiments of micro-hole machining demonstrate that it achieves a significant 42% improvement in machining efficiency with a 3% increase in the effective discharge ratio compared to conventional threshold servo control. Applying to micro 3D structure scanning, a precise and robust electrode wear model considering varying wear rates at different scanning positions is established, forming an effective-pulse based depth-constrained algorithm insensitive to scanning speed. It effectively suppresses the recurrence of crater and bump errors on the machined surface.
Age at Menarche is Inversely Related to the Prevalence of Common Gynecologic Cancers
Authors: Sun Hao , Pei Xiaohui , Zhang Yaoyun , wang mengmeng , Song Ziqian , Wang Jialin , Qi Yuantao
Published: August 2024

Objectives
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the age of menarche and the prevalence of gynecological cancer.
Methods
A total of 5540 women were screened from those who participated in the National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) questionnaire from 2007–2020, and their variable factors of age, race, education level, Poverty Impact Ratio (PIR), marital status, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, duration of moderate exercise, smoking habits, hypertension status, energy intake, diabetes and alcohol consumption habits were analysed statistically and by logistic regression.
Results
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of the relationship between age at menarche and gynaecological cancer (Uterus / Cervix / Ovary Cancer, the following gynecologic cancers in the article refer to having at least one of these three cancers) prevalence showed a negative association between age at menarche and gynaecological cancer prevalence (OR: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.69–0.97), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.02). Regression results of the association between age at menarche and different types of gynaecological cancers found a negative association between age at menarche and prevalence in uterine cancers (P = 0.03) and no association between age at menarche and prevalence in cervical and ovarian cancers (P = 0.17, P = 0.29). Those with a younger age at menarche were more likely to develop uterine cancer (OR: 0.72, 95%CI: 0.54–0.98).
Conclusions
There was a correlation between age at menarche and gynaecological cancer, with those who had menarche at an earlier age being at a higher risk of gynaecological cancer. More obviously, the younger the age of first menstruation, the higher the risk of uterine cancer.
Perceived Stress and Coping Mechanisms Among Frontline Health Workers During the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Greater- Accra Region, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yeboaa Jody Bio , Agbemafle Isaac , Kwame Appiah Collins
Published: August 2024

Background
Stress, a public health problem especially among frontline health workers does not only affect their health and social relationship but transcends to negatively affect service delivery. Yet, little is known about the magnitude of stress faced by frontline health workers in the Greater- Accra region during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study, therefore, sought to determine the stress level, its effects, coping mechanisms, and factors associated with stress and coping mechanisms among frontline health workers in the Greater- Accra region, Ghana.
Methods
A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 394 frontline health workers using a stratified sampling technique for the selection of health facilities in the Greater- Accra region. An interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from health workers. Pearson’s chi-square was used to determine the association between stress, coping mechanisms and explanatory variables. Logistic regression models were used to determine the factors influencing stress, and coping mechanisms among the frontline health workers. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
The mean age was 32 years, 51.0% were females, 51.0% were married and 56.6% had possessed bachelor’s degree. Majority (76.4%) of the respondents were moderately stressed. More than half (57.6%) of the respondents had high coping self-efficacy though 56.1% were low resilient copers. Significant sources of stress identified consisted of poor working environmental condition (78.29%), as well as poor relationships with clients, fellow workers, and superiors (29.2%). Coping self-efficacy (χ2 = 12.78, p < 0.002), brief resilience coping (χ2 = 86.19, p < 0.001), support from family and colleagues (χ2 = 10.31, p < 0.002) had a strong significant association with respondents perceived level of stress. Frontline health workers who had poor relationship with clients, colleagues and superiors were 2.56 times more likely to be stressed compared with those who had good relationship with clients, colleagues and superiors [AOR = 2.56 (C.I:1.25, 5.22) p < 0.010].
Conclusion
The findings revealed that majority of frontline health workers in the Greater Accra Region were moderately stressed. Frontline heath workers’ individual coping efficacy in stopping negative emotions and thoughts could be a protective strategy against different stressors.
Use of Partial Acellular Dermal Matrix in Prepectoral Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy
Authors: Rowley Mallory , Chernov Evan , Dogaroiu Anca , Upadhyaya Prashant
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE
The nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) offers a reconstruction option to patients who wish for a more subtle scar pattern and to retain their native nipple-areolar complex. Traditionally used acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has been linked to potential complications including seroma, hematoma, and infection, as well as increased operative costs. Our study examines whether using partial ADM to cover the lower pole of the breast implant during NSM prepectoral reconstruction offers comparable, or even better, rates of postoperative complications while minimizing operative costs.
METHODS
A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent prepectoral nipple-sparing implant-based reconstruction (IBR) using partial ADM (June 2019 – October 2020) was performed. Demographic, perioperative, and post-operative complication information was collected and described using means, standard deviations, and frequencies.
RESULTS
Ninety-eight patients (183 breasts) met inclusion criteria, with smoking history (36.73%), prior breast surgery (18.58%), and obesity (18.37%) cited as the most common comorbidities. 12.57% of patients experienced a complication following stage one of reconstruction, with infection as the most common complication (5.46%). Complication rate following stage two was 7.10%, with dehiscence cited as the most common complication (4.92%).
CONCLUSION
The average cost of ADM for breast reconstruction is upwards of $5,000. While our institution does not utilize full ADM coverage in NSMs, historical trends in the literature demonstrate overall complication rates of 5.9% to as high as 35%. Our study demonstrates that utilizing partial ADM coverage in the setting of NSM offers comparable, if not lower, complication rates at a fraction of the cost.
Metabolomic analysis of the intrinsic resistance mechanisms of Microtus fortis against Schistosoma japonicum infection
Authors: He Tianqiong , Zhang Du , Wen Yixin , Liu Qian , Zhou Junkang , Zhi Wenling , OuYang Lingxuan , Qi Yushan , Zhou Zikang , Gao Xin , Li Fan , Su Zhijie , Shen Jia , Zhou Zhijun
Published: August 2024

Microtus fortis (M. fortis) is the only mammal known in China that is intrinsically resistant to Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) infection. Nevertheless, the underlying resistance mechanism of M. fortis against schistosomes are still unclear. In this study, we detected and compared colon aqueous extracts and serum metabolic profiles between M. fortis and ICR mice before and after S. japonicum infection using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We identified 232 specific colon aqueous extract metabolites and 79 specific serum metabolites of M. fortis infected with or without S. japonicum at two weeks compared with those of ICR mice, which might be closely correlated with the time-course of schistosomiasis progression and could also be used as indicators for the M. fortis against S. japonicum, for example, nonadecanoic acid, hesperetin, glycocholic acid, 2-Aminobenzoic acid, 6-hydroxydaidzein and spermidine. And the enriched pathways were further identified, our findings revealed that S. japonicum infection induced the metabolic changes involved in a variety of metabolic pathways including amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, ABC transporters, central carbon metabolism in cancer and bile secretion. These results indicated that the colon aqueous extracts and serum metabolic profiles were significantly different between M. fortis and ICR mice before and after S. japonicum infection and will provide new insights into the underlying resistance mechanism of M. fortis against S. japonicum infection and identify promising candidates for the use of drugs against schistosomes.
Associations between the Exposure of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and the Risk of Cancers Related to Deregulation of Estrogen Receptors: NHANES 2001-2016
Authors: Y tao , Yu Naiji , Cheng Weishi , Kang Kai , Wu Yijun , Zhao ailin
Published: August 2024

Background: Estrogen receptor signaling is one of the most investigated pathways that associates with the endocrine-disrupting abilities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study we aimed to investigate the relationships between specific PAHs exposure and cancers associated with estrogen receptor (ER) deregulation.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2016 data. A history of the four types of cancers related to ERs deregulation (prostate, breast, uterine and ovarian cancer) was obtained by self-report. Exposure of PAHs was assessed by measuring ten urinary PAH metabolites. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the associations between specific urinary PAHs (uPAHs) and each type of cancers.
Results: Exposure to certain uPAHs metabolites was linked to an increased risk of breast, uterine, and ovarian cancers. Notably, 9-hydroxyfluorene (9-OHFlu) demonstrated a dose-response relationship with elevated breast cancer risk (OR [95%CI]: 2.39 [1.09, 5.23], p for trend <0.001). Tertile analyses indicated that 2-Hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFlu) and 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OHPyr) might increase the risk of breast and uterine cancer, respectively. Conversely, 2-Hydroxynapthalene (2-OHNap) and 1-Hydroxyphenanthrene (1-OHPhe) might be protect factors of ovarian cancer. No significant associations were found between the ten uPAHs metabolites and prostate cancer.
Conclusions: Our study suggested that PAHs exposure was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, particularly 9-OHFlu, in a dose-response manner. Additionally, PAHs exposure might increase the incidence of uterine cancer but decrease the risk of ovarian cancer.
Benchmarking Machine Learning Models in Lesion-Symptom Mapping for Predicting Language Outcomes in Stroke Survivors
Authors: Tilwani Deepa , O’Reilly Christian , Riccardi Nicholas , Shalin Valerie L. , Ouden Dirk-Bart den , Shinkareva Svetlana V. , Fridriksson Julius , Sheth Amit P. , Desai Rutvik H.
Published: August 2024

Several decades of research have investigated neural connections between stroke-induced brain damage and language difficulties. Typically, lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) studies addressing this connection have relied on mass univariate statistics, which do not account for intricate, multidimensional relationships between variables. Machine learning (ML) techniques, which can capture these intricate connections, offer a promising complement to LSM methods. To test this promise, we benchmark ML models on structural and functional MRI to predict aphasia severity (N=238) and naming impairment (N=191) for a cohort of chronic-stage stroke survivors. We used nested cross-validation to examine performance along three dimensions: (1) parcellation schemes (JHU, AAL, BRO, and AICHA atlases), (2) neuroimaging modalities (resting-state functional connectivity, structural connectivity, mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, and lesion location) and (3) ML methods (Random Forest, Support Vector Regression, Decision Tree, K Nearest Neighbors, and Gradient Boosting). The best results were obtained by combining the JHU atlas, lesion location, and the Random Forest model. This combination yielded moderate to high correlations with both behavioral scores. Key regions identified included several perisylvian areas and pathways within the language network. This work complements existing LSM methods with new tools for improving the prediction of language outcomes in stroke survivors.
Guillain-Barre Syndrome in a female patient with Falciparum Malaria Infection-a rare case scenario
Authors: Kebede Molla Asnake , Tekle Alemayehu Beharu , Eshetu Misikir Alemu , Shash Erkyehun Pawlos , Birhanu Melaku Tsediew , Mohamed Elias Tabiet
Published: August 2024

Background
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted to humans by infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Five Plasmodium species infect humans: P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi. Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an inflammatory condition leading to paralysis, muscle weakness, autonomic dysfunction, respiratory failure, and sensory symptoms. GBS typically follows an infection with Campylobacter bacteria, commonly found in undercooked poultry, but is rarely associated with malaria.
Clinical presentation
A 16-year-old female presented with a 4-day history of progressive inability to move her lower extremities, accompanied by 8 days of persistent non-radiating back pain and fatigue. She also had fever and headache for 13 days and was treated with Quartum 4 tablets, taken twice daily for 3 days. Motor examination revealed a motor score of 1/5 in both lower extremities and 4/5 in upper extriemity, decreased muscle tone, and absent deep tendon reflexes (0/4). After completing treatment in the medical ward, she was discharged with improvement, showing motor examination power of 4/5 and reflexes of 1/4.
Discussion
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute paralytic illness often triggered by infections, particularly viral ones. It is the leading cause of sudden muscle weakness and paralysis, typically following respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, with Campylobacter jejuni being the most common cause. GBS progresses rapidly, with symptoms worsening over days to weeks and peaking within four weeks. It is characterized by progressive muscle weakness starting in the legs, spreading upwards, areflexia, and sensory symptoms like tingling or numbness in the feet and hands. Electrophysiological studies can confirm nerve involvement but are not always necessary if clinical and CSF findings strongly indicate GBS.
Conclusion.
In conclusion, while malaria is an exceptionally rare cause of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), it should be considered in patients with recent malaria infection who present with GBS symptoms.
Generalization of Hierarchical Clustering for Hidden Community Spillover Detection in Multilayer Networks
Authors: Ardalankia Jamshid , Habibnia Ali , Ausloos Marcel , Jafari Reza
Published: August 2024

Interdependent networks structurally influence each other so that the source network imposes hidden community structures into the target network. We propose a mathematical model that by generalizing hierarchical clustering for multilayer networks, finds some interlayer transmitted hidden community structures that are not detectable by conventional community detection methods. The proposed methodology reveals evidence for hidden interlayer interactions that consequently generate hidden links on the target network. These hidden links construct hidden community structures on the target network (imposed from the source network) that are distinct from the community structures of the solo target network (without the presence of the source network). This model applies to systems with hidden interlayer interactions such as covert criminal groups, inter-platform social network interactions, and financial markets. Criminal and terrorist groups use the "source layer" (e.g., video game networks) to manage, guide, and lead their criminal activities on the "target layer." These groups keep the interlayer interactions covert. The members form their communities on an online source layer and perform their activities on the target layer without leaving a footprint. Social networks on different platforms (layers) possess communities that influence each other. Financial markets are well known for complicated endogenous and exogenous, but often hidden, not to say the least, asymmetric layer interactions. In this research, we generalize hierarchical clustering to represent the hidden communities resulting from the spillover from one network to another. We implement our model on multilayer financial networks: in particular, we find that trading value logarithmic changes (source) impose hidden community structures on the price return network (target). The main finding is that adding another relevant layer such as the trading value layer adds more information to systemic behaviors throughout the price return network. Dismissing it may yield less systemic information and underestimation of systemic risk because the footprint of some structures on the target network is originated from another layer and is not detectable from singling out the target layer.
Lightweight Technology Stacks for Assistive Linked Annotations
Authors: Thalhath Nishad
Published: August 2024

This report presents the findings of a project from the 8th Biomedical Linked Annotation Hackathon (BLAH) to explore lightweight technology stacks to enhance assistive linked annotations. Using modern JavaScript frameworks and edge functions, in-browser Named Entity Recognition (NER), serverless embedding and vector search within web interfaces, and efficient serverless full-text search were implemented. Through this experimental approach, a proof of concept to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of these technologies was demonstrated. The results show that lightweight stacks can significantly improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of annotation tools and provide a local-first, privacy-oriented, and secure alternative to traditional server-based solutions in various use cases. This work emphasizes the potential of developing annotation interfaces that are more responsive, scalable, and user-friendly, which would benefit bioinformatics researchers, practitioners, and software developers.
A widespread metabolic gene cluster family in metazoans
Authors: Moore Bradley , Grayson Natalie , Scesa Paul , Moore Malia , Ledoux Jean-Baptiste , Gomez-Garrido Jessica , Alioto Tyler , Michael Todd , Burkhardt Immo , Schmidt Eric
Published: August 2024

Octocorals are unique among metazoans in their prolific production of bioactive terpenoid natural products that rival the chemical diversity of plants and microbes. We recently established that these cnidarians uniformly express terpene cyclases and that their encoding genes often reside within putative biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), a feature uncommon in animal genomes. In this work, we report the discovery and characterization of a widespread gene cluster family for the biosynthesis of briarane diterpenoids that number over 700 molecules specific to the Scleralcyonaceans, one of the two octocoral orders. We sequenced five genomes from evolutionarily distinct families of briarane-producing octocorals to complement three publicly available briarane-producing coral genomes, enabling the discovery of a conserved five-gene cluster composed of a terpene cyclase, three cytochrome P450s, and a short-chain dehydrogenase. Using Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as hosts and homologous briarane biosynthesis genes from eight corals, we reconstituted the biosynthesis of cembrene B γ-lactone, which contains the γ-lactone structural feature distinctive of briarane diterpenoids. The discovery of the genomic basis of briarane biosynthesis establishes that animals, like microbes and plants, employ gene cluster families to produce specialized metabolites. Further, the presence of BGCs in octocoral proves that the formation and maintenance of BGCs over evolutionary time is a more widespread phenomenon in specialized metabolite biosynthesis than previously realized.
SAVANA: reliable analysis of somatic structural variants and copy number aberrations in clinical samples using long-read sequencing
Authors: Cortés-Ciriano Isidro , Elrick Hillary , Sauer Carolin , Valle-Inclan Jose Espejo , Trevers Katherine , Tanguy Melanie , Zumalave Sonia , De Noon Solange , Muyas Francesc , Cascao Rita , Afonso Angela , Amary Fernanda , Tirabosco Roberto , Giess Adam , Freeman Timothy , Sosinsky Alona , Piculell Katherine , Miller David , Faria Claudia , Elgar Greg , Flanagan Adrienne
Published: August 2024

Accurate detection of somatic structural variants (SVs) and copy number aberrations (SCNAs) is critical to inform the diagnosis and treatment of human cancers. Here, we describe SAVANA, a computationally efficient algorithm designed for the joint analysis of somatic SVs, SCNAs, tumour purity and ploidy using long-read sequencing data. SAVANA relies on machine learning to distinguish true somatic SVs from artefacts and provide prediction errors for individual SVs. Using high-depth Illumina and nanopore whole-genome sequencing data for 99 human tumours and matched normal samples, we establish best practices for benchmarking SV detection algorithms across the entire genome in an unbiased and data-driven manner using simulated and sequencing replicates of tumour and matched normal samples. SAVANA shows significantly higher sensitivity, and 9- and 59-times higher specificity than the second and third-best performing algorithms, yielding orders of magnitude fewer false positives in comparison to existing long-read sequencing tools across various clonality levels, genomic regions, SV types and SV sizes. In addition, SAVANA harnesses long-range phasing information to detect somatic SVs and SCNAs at single-haplotype resolution. SVs reported by SAVANA are highly consistent with those detected using short-read sequencing, including complex events causing oncogene amplification and tumour suppressor gene inactivation. In summary, SAVANA enables the application of long-read sequencing to detect SVs and SCNAs reliably in clinical samples.
Aza-[4+2]-cycloaddition of benzocyclobutenones into isoquinolinone derivatives enabled by photoinduced regio-specific C–C bond cleavage
Authors: Feng Xiaoming , Yang Liangkun , Li Shiyang , Zhao Hansen , Zhou Liang , Cao Weidi
Published: August 2024

The activation of C−C bond of benzocyclobutenones under mild reaction conditions remains a challenge. We herein report a photoinduced catalyst-free regio-specific C1−C8 bond cleavage of benzocyclobutenones, enabling the generation of versatile ortho-quinoid ketene methides for aza-[4 + 2]-cycloaddition with imines, which offers a facile route to isoquinolinone derivatives, including seven family members of protoberberine alkaloids, gusanlung A, B, D, 8-oxotetrahydroplamatine, tetrahydrothalifendine, tetrahydropalmatine, and xylopinine. Furthermore, the catalytic enantioselective version of this strategy was realized by merging synergistic photocatalysis and chiral Lewis acid catalysis. Mechanistic studies provided compelling evidence to rationalize the photoisomerization/cycloaddition cascade process.
Generative artificial intelligence in education: an umbrella review of applications and challenges
Authors: Namoun Abdallah , Ibrahim Isa Ali , Mustafa Ehzaz , Alrehaili Ahmed , Tufail Ali , Shuja Junaid , Bilal Kashif
Published: August 2024

Multimodal generative artificial intelligence is revolutionizing critical domains, including education, healthcare, business, and entertainment. This article presents a comprehensive umbrella review of prominent surveys, reviews, and SLRs on advances in generative AI in teaching and learning, synthesizing its applications, benefits, challenges, and implications. We applied the systematic literature review (SLR) protocol and PRISMA framework to guide our search methodology and screen the relevant studies to ensure accuracy and replicability and reduce bias. We searched three popular academic databases, namely Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, screening 451 candidate articles published between 2020 and 2024. From these, we identified 46 relevant GenAI reviews in education. Our investigation of the reviews answered five research questions covering the academic disciplines adopting generative AI, applications of large multimodal models in education, their impact on student performance, their impact on teaching and assessment, and overarching challenges. Recent trends showed China and the USA as leading publishers of GenAI reviews, ChatGPT as the most popular GenAI tool used in education, and text as the primary modality of interaction among students and teachers. Several reviews explored the application of generative AI in multiple academic disciplines instead of a single domain. Students use GenAI tools to understand complex notions, learn foreign languages, improve writing skills, prepare for assessments, and enhance engagement. However, teachers apply GenAI tools to develop course materials, improve pedagogical methods, design various assessments, evaluate learning outcomes, and provide personalized feedback. We conclude our umbrella review by presenting a taxonomy of challenges impeding the adoption of multimodal generative AI in teaching and learning. Key issues of GenAI include academic dishonesty, negative impacts on critical thinking skills, integration with traditional teaching philosophies, and lack of emotional intelligence in generative AI platforms.
Independent yet simultaneous sensing of pressure and temperature from nostril airflow for ultrasensitive respiratory monitoring
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen , Liu Tao , Wu Qinan , Liu Huansheng , Zhao Xiyang , Yi Xin , Liu Jing , Nong Zhenzhen , Zhou Bingpu , Wang Qingwen
Published: August 2024

Accurately detection of nostril airflow is vital for real-time respiratory monitoring. However, the developed methods only rely on single stimulus sensing for nostril airflow, which is extremely susceptible to interference in the complexed environment, and severely affects the accuracy of detection results. Here, a multimodal integrated eutectogel sensor was explored to simultaneously sense the pressure and temperature stimuli of nostril airflow, via independently outputting capacitance and resistance, respectively, yet without cross-coupling. The completely physical crosslinking and the synergistic interaction of HAp and tannic acid (TA) within the network endow this eutectogel with extremely low modulus, remarkable self-healing efficiency, robust adhesion, excellent environmental stability and bio-compatibility. By integrating this synthetic eutectogel with circuit design, a multimodal sensor was developed, which exhibited superior pressure sensitivity to other reported gel-based sensors. As a proof of concept, this sensor was further explored to diagnose a traditional respiratory disease of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) via simultaneously detecting five kinds of stimuli in the sleeping process, greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of the detection results. This work provides a highly effective strategy for achieving ultrasensitive respiratory monitoring and forecasting respiratory diseases.
Memory Loss and Missteps: Investigating Fall Risks in Alzheimer's and Dementia Patients
Authors: Namoos  , Thomson Nicholas , Bradley RN Sarah , Rudderman MSW Amanda , Aboutanos MPH Michel
Published: August 2024

Background: Degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia are significant health concerns among older adults in the United States, contributing substantially to the high incidence of falls in this population. This study aims to investigate the incidence and prevalence of falls among older adults diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and dementia and explore the association between these conditions and the occurrence of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs).
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from 17,000 older adults aged 65 and above, arrived to the hospital with fall related injuries, obtained from the TriNetX network at Virginia Commonwealth University Health System (VCUHS) between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023. Data included demographic information, diagnosis codes (ICD-10), and details on falls, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and TBIs. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed using TriNetX analytical tools.
Results: The study revealed that older adults with Alzheimer's disease (incidence proportion: 3.11%, prevalence: 4.81%) and dementia (incidence proportion: 12.46%, prevalence: 17.06%) had a significantly higher incidence of falls compared to those without these conditions. Females showed a slightly higher incidence of falls than males. Logistic regression analysis indicated that patients with Alzheimer's disease had a reduced risk of TBIs (OR=0.765, 95% CI: 0.588-0.996, p=0.047), while those with unspecified dementia had an increased risk (OR=1.161, 95% CI: 1.002-1.346, p=0.047).
Conclusions: Our study reveals a higher risk of falls and traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in older adults with dementia compared to Alzheimer's disease. These findings underscore the need for targeted fall prevention strategies and educational programs for caregivers. Refining risk assessment tools and implementing evidence-based interventions can enhance patient safety and improve outcomes for older adults with cognitive impairments.
Knowledge Sharing vs. Knowledge Appropriation: A Case Study of Contingent Relationship in the Role of Boundary Spanners in Asian Subsidiaries of Japanese Multi-National Enterprises
Authors: Hayashi Takashi , Yumoto Yuji , Hara Masatoshi
Published: August 2024

In recent decades, Asian subsidiaries of Japanese manufacturing MNEs have faced heightened competitions from local firms to underscore the strategic importance of developing competent “host country nationals” (HCNs) to overcome their liability of foreignness. In addition, in recent literature on global MNEs, the importance of “boundary spanners” (BSs) has been pointed out in facilitating knowledge sharing across intra-organizational boundaries. Given these discussions, this study focuses on an interesting contingent relationship in the role of BSs observed in author’s interviews. i.e., In cases of “bad BSs,” “knowledge appropriation” can take place where newly promoted HCNs would monopolize their knowledge and information, and the mitigating processes of notion gap problem in grey areas management are heavily stagnated. Whereas in cases of “good BSs,” “knowledge sharing” would take place where newly promoted HCNs would be willing to share them with other members, and the mitigating processes of the notion gap problem are steadily progressed. The study proposes a framework illustrating conditions under which HCNs choose knowledge sharing over appropriation. The analysis identifies two key factors influencing this choice: dependence on personal skills and prospects for growth opportunities. The findings suggest a dynamic relationship where knowledge sharing leads to effective control and efficient knowledge transfer, fostering virtuous cycles, while knowledge appropriation results in inefficiencies, creating vicious cycles. The study calls for further research on dynamic aspects of this contingent relationship and suggests practical strategies for shifting from knowledge appropriation to sharing, thereby enhancing organizational performance in foreign subsidiaries.
Impact of Agricultural Productivity on Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria (1980-2021).
Authors: Adeoye Peter Ayodeji
Published: August 2024

This work examines the effect of agricultural productivity on poverty alleviation in Nigeria. Yearly data were used from 1980 to 2021. Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) method was used to analyse the data, and the yearly data were sourced from World Development Indicator (WDI) and Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin (2020). This research work is based on Human Development Index (HDI) as a function of crop production, livestock production, forestry, and fishing. Based on ARDL approach, test was carried out on each dependent variable and the independent variable to check the long and short run regression findings for the coefficient of the lagged values of the dependent and independent variables. Some diagnostic test like the serial correlation test, heteroskedasticity test, and stability test were also carried out on the variables. From the results obtained, crop production, fishery, and forestry have statistical significance on HDI. Only livestock production is not having a statistical significance on HDI, however, with a positive relationship.It was therefore recommended that special attention should be given to the agricultural sector in Nigeria, such as increased budgetary allocation to the sector and to ensure proper implementation of programs that will encourage agricultural activities and its productivity in other to increase returns and reduce poverty level in the country.
RamanCrystalHunter: a new program and database for processing, analysis, and identification of Raman spectra
Authors: Nestola F. , Zhang Q. , Day M.C. , Lorenzon S. , Pamato M.G. , Rocchetti I. , Bendazzoli C. , Novella D. , Mazzoli C. , Sassi R. , Pearson D.G. , Smith E.M. , Scott M. , Barbaro A. , Brenker F.E. , Santello L. , Molinari S. , Qu K. , Wang Y. , Škoda R. , Alvaro M. , Gilio M. , Murri M. , Kasatkin A.V.
Published: August 2024

RamanCrystalHunter (RCH) is a new software program designed to pre-process, analyse and identify Raman spectra by comparison with spectra in the RamanCrystalHunter Database (RCHDB). The software is free and can be downloaded from the website; https://www.fabrizionestola.com/rch. RCH is characterized by a simple graphical user interface, making it suitable for both specialist and non-specialist users and it has been developed mainly for applications in Earth Sciences (processing the spectra of minerals), but can be used to process the Raman spectra of any synthetic or natural inorganic or organic material. RCH allows users to visualize, pre-process (e.g., using smoothing, noise reduction, and baseline correction operations), and analyse (e.g., using fitting or various calculation tools) Raman spectra. Moreover, it is equipped with the RCHDB, a new database of high-quality mineral spectra that can be downloaded for free along with the RCH program. The RCHDB contains the Raman spectra of minerals (including single- and multi-phase inclusions within mineral hosts, for example diamonds) and related synthetic compounds allowing for rapid and accurate identification of unknown spectra. The RCH software includes highly customizable yet efficient and user-friendly methods for processing and analysis of Raman spectra and represents a valuable contribution to the field of Raman spectroscopy whose applications have expanded greatly in recent years, especially in Earth Sciences. Two practical examples of novel ways in which this software can be used for geoscience applications are presented.
Workplace Spirituality and Women Career Advancement among Women Academic Leaders
Authors: Kumar Shubham , Pradeepika Pradeepika
Published: August 2024

This empirical study aims to delve into the intricate connection existing between workplace spirituality and the advancement of women's careers within the realm of higher education institutions situated in India's National Capital Region (NCR). The study encompasses a comprehensive survey of 177 women faculty members, and its methodology involves the application of standardized scales to gauge workplace spirituality and women's career advancement. The research outcomes highlight a noteworthy and affirmative correlation between workplace spirituality and the advancement of women's careers. In particular, the findings underscore the pivotal role of spirituality as a predictor of career progression for women in the context of higher education institutions. This study not only underscores the significance of nurturing workplace spirituality but also its pivotal role in promoting gender equity and fostering the professional growth of women within the distinct milieu of educational organizations.
Topical Formulation with Niacinamide Combined with 5 MHz Ultrasound for Improving Skin Ageing: A Double-blind, Randomised, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Vergilio Mariane Massufero , Leonardi Gislaine Ricci
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Skin ageing is a complex process influenced by various factors.
Personal care products claim to address ageing signs, yet clinical efficacy tests lack
standardised regulations. Niacinamide (NIA) is known for skin benefits, including managing
hyperpigmentation and enhancing the barrier function. The 5 MHz unfocused ultrasound
(5-US) is a technological intervention for cutaneous ageing, lacking sufficient
literature. This study aimed to clinically assess a topical formulation with NIA, combined
with facial application of unfocused 5-US.

Methods:

Sixty-seven female subjects (30-60 years) with signs of aged skin participated
in the study. They were enrolled and randomised into four groups: (A) placebo formulation,
(B) cosmetic formulation, (C) placebo formulation plus 5-US, and (D) cosmetic formulation
plus 5-US. Groups C and D performed the aesthetic procedure of 5-US on the
entire face, in a total time of 20 minutes per session, once per week (eight total sessions).
Clinical, instrumental, and subjective assessments were performed before (T0) and
during the eighth week (T8) of the study.

Results:

The formulation with NIA improved stratum corneum aqueous content and reduced
transepidermal water loss. Sebum reduction was observed in groups utilising the
formulation. Consumer evaluations indicated improvements in appearance, firmness,
elasticity, and reduced wrinkles, notably in Groups C and D. Sensory analysis indicated
overall product acceptability.

Conclusion:

The formulation with NIA improved skin hydration and reduced sebum
content in mature skin, while subjective evaluations indicated qualitative improvements
in skin appearance. Although 5-US alone did not show instrumental improvements, protocol
adjustments and longer study periods may yield better results. The comprehensive
approach provides an innovative perspective into potential synergies, suggesting future
directions for anti-ageing interventions in skin care.
Transdermal Permeation Enhancing Potentials of Natural Products
Authors: Kankane Richa , Maurya Sandeep Kumar , Patil Umesh Kumar
Published: August 2024

Skin is a formidable natural barrier that represents the most important obstacle in clinical
practices pertaining to the cutaneous administration of exogenous molecules/drugs. As transdermal
therapy systems offer a more dependable way of distributing drugs by way of permeation
enhancers, it is vital to use tried-and-true augmentation procedures to increase topical bioavailability.
The term “permeation enhancers” refers to compounds that can help medications penetrate the
skin. Nowadays, skin permeation enhancers from natural origin have gained momentum and came
into existence after researchers deciphered the remarkable potential for the enhancement of transdermally
administered drugs. They are regarded as non-toxic, pharmacologically inactive, non-allergenic,
non-irritating, and safe compounds and allow for the transport of a wider range of drug
classes through the stratum corneum. This review provides a thorough overview of natural products
that can improve the permeation of both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds by reversibly
lowering skin barrier resistance. It then briefly describes their current status in light of structural
activity relationship (SAR) studies, which demonstrate significant enhancer activities.

This review aimed to highlight the ability of natural skin permeation enhancers to overcome the
barriers of skin and demonstrate significant potential in the enhancement of transdermally administered
drugs.

Manual and electronic databases were used for the systematic search of literature and to extract
those from inception up to 2022 using relevant key words. The main focus was to identify and report
the natural skin permeation enhancers executing remarkable potential in the improvement of
transdermally administered drugs from the published articles.

Skin permeation enhancers from various natural sources have been demonstrated and exhibited remarkable
potential in promoting the administration of larger groups of medications that are non--
toxic, pharmacologically inactive, non-allergenic, non-irritating, and safe through the stratum
corneum.

This article offers a comprehensive overview of natural chemicals that can reduce skin barrier resistance
and promote the penetration of both hydrophilic and lipophilic substances. On the basis of
structure activity relationship (SAR) studies that have shown strong enhancer actions, it also provides
a brief overview of the condition of natural products at the moment.