bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Institution of higher education transformation and society’s response to distance learning during the Covid 19 pandemic
Authors: Yarmak Olga , Shkaiderova Tatyana , Strashko Ekaterina , Bolshakova Maria , Garas Lyudmila
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the transformation of the institution of higher education and traditional education during the epidemiological crisis, due to which distance learning was introduced in universities on a federal scale. The authors focus not only on the effect of the introduction of online technologies into the higher education system, but emphasize the uniqueness of the situation in the context of the need to use these tools in order to minimize social communications when it comes to the viral threat. The authors’ use of cybermetric analysis, big data mining, and media monitoring using the Medialogia analysis system allowed to analyze the information agenda in the federal media space, to determine how the traditional education changed in the context of the Covid 19 pandemic. The specificity of perception of distance learning by Russian society is noted. It was revealed through analysis of the media space concerning the activities of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation from February to June 2020. The article emphasizes that the discussion on digitalization of the educational process will continue. The authors draw attention to the fact that joint efforts of the state and civil society can contribute to the development of an adequate model of higher education, based on the convergence of traditional and digital educational forms, taking into account the interests of all the participants in the higher educational process.
Identification of sustainable control and digital dimension errors in business organizations
Authors: Khudzhatov Mikail , Chupina Zhanna , Ukhanov Alexey , Dakhilgova Tamara , Sorokin Aleksei
Published: March 2021

In recent years, the technique of centralized control of complex production processes has moved from the stage of development and experimentation to widespread industrial implementation. Centralized control equipment is used in large, complex objects, and the control systems themselves are so complex that they cannot be calculated or reasonably selected using the methods used for conventional control and measuring equipment. The work undertaken recently in order to create various calculation methods for centralized control systems, at best, solved individual particular problems, often from different initial positions, and, apparently, there was a need for generalizing work that would give the system designers centralized control is an efficient settlement tool. Of the technical characteristics of centralized control systems, the most essential and most fully reflecting the effectiveness of their operation is accuracy, especially if this concept is broadly approached, including any deviation from the required system behavior in the error. Centralized control systems are used in various fields: to control production processes, for scientific research, including space objects, for testing and researching technical structures, for monitoring the health of complex equipment. These applications have a number of similarities and, however, differ in the number of requirements put forward by individual applications. When writing the article, the main attention was paid to centralized control systems for continuous production processes, which, in contrast to a number of testing and research systems, are characterized by the duration of action, since the production processes themselves in most cases run continuously for many hours, days or even months.
Environmental law and legal assistance of individuals sustaining a traditional lifestyle
Authors: Anisimov Valery , Dyadkin Dmitry , Truntsevsky Yury , Shatilovich Olga
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the paper is to justify the need to make amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, i.e. providing for exempting those individuals from criminal liability, who have committed acts, set forth formally, sustaining their traditional lifestyle in the North. The paper summarizes key issues of rights protection of indigenous minor peoples of the North (Khanty or Mansi), who sustain a traditional lifestyle, dealing with exploitation of ancestral lands: hunting, fishing, use of other resources. In the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, it is very common when individuals are being prosecuted for illegal felling (Article 260, Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), as well as for illegal acquisition, transfer, sale, possession, transportation or carrying of explosives or explosive devices (Article 222.1, Criminal Code of RF). However, using these lands make it possible for the general public to do so too, and it is not only for relatives or friends of the owner of ancestral lands. Following the casework, it has been found that in a significant number of cases the investigation fails to establish either the direct ownership of items limited in circulation (gunpowder, ammunition) or specific individuals who carried out the felling in a particular place. Such being the case, the legal owner of the land or its part is held liable. This new law will protect the indigenous peoples of the North from inconsistent criminal repression and preserve their cultural practices.
Environmental legislation and variable communicative and pedagogical competence formation model for employees of penal system
Authors: Lebedev Michael
Published: March 2021

The article describes the issue of formation of communicative and pedagogical competence among employees of penal system. The proposed method of using the means of professional mentoring is stipulated as a social order for training of specialists of penal system in the process of carrying out practical activities in an institution executing criminal sentences or in a pretrial detention center.
Dispositivity in the criminal and environmental law: some theoretical and applied aspects
Authors: Sumachev Alexei , Rosenko Stanislav , Dyadkin Dmitry
Published: March 2021

Criminal law is traditionally viewed as a branch of public law. Until recently, the category of “dispositivity” in the Russian theory of criminal law had not even been considered. However, it is argued that the development and reflection of dispositivity fundamentals in the criminal law shows the level of protection of law-abiding citizens and also serves as an indicator of activity of legal subjects in the field of criminal justice. The article attempts to define the concept of dispositivity in Criminal law, and explore its theoretical and applied aspects through conceptual (political and legal) and instrumental approaches. As a part of the conceptual (political and legal) approach dispositivity is treated as the common grounds of the field of legal regulation. As a part of the instrumental approach dispositivity is regarded as a method of legal regulation, property legal norms, as well as the mode of legal regulation. From the point of legal methodology we can speak of dispositivity in the Russian criminal law, since there are no «pure» or distinct fields of private or public law. Simultaneously with the imperative method of legal regulation, there may be the legal grounds for the dispositive legal regulation, and vice versa. The article also examines such manifestations of dispositivity in the Russian criminal law as self-defense, detention of the offender, a reasonable risk, reconciliation, prosecution at the request of a commercial organization or with its consent, the consent of a person to commit action which can present a risk of HIV infection, the consent of the victim to enter into marriage with the defendant.
Fundamentals of forecasting indicators of economic activity of executive bodies for sustainable development
Authors: Chupina Zhanna , Sokolnikova Olga , Yurchenko Oksana , Ryabinina Elena , Veselko Alena
Published: March 2021

Forecasting plays a significant role in organizing the economic activities of executive authorities using the example of customs authorities, since this is associated with the ongoing policy of optimizing customs payments administered by customs authorities, ensuring the economic security of the state, improving the quality of customs services and compliance with customs legislation. A wide range of forecasting methods allows them to be applied on the basis of assessing the feasibility of applying one method or another to forecast the main economic indicators of the activities of executive authorities. The analysis of the scientific and methodological base made it possible to form and propose a generalized algorithm for forecasting the indicators of the economic activity of executive authorities. Goal is to develop a generalized algorithm for predicting the indicators of the economic activity of executive authorities using the example of customs authorities.
Technological, Ethical, Environmental and Legal Aspects of Robotics
Authors: Begishev Ildar , Khisamova Zarina , Vasyukov Vitaly
Published: March 2021

Robotics is considered by modern researchers from various positions. The most common technical approach to the study of this concept, which examines the current state and achievements in the field of robotics, as well as the prospects for its development. Also, quite often in recent years, legal experts have begun to address problems related to the development of robotics, focusing on issues related to the legal personality of robots and artificial intelligence, as well as the responsibility of AI for causing harm. A separate direction in the field of robotics research is the analysis of this concept and the relations associated with it, from the standpoint of morality, ethics and technologies.
Adjuvants : un second souffle pour les antibiotiques
Authors: Carien Samuel , Hannoun Maverick , Lefebvre Delphine , Tempier Audrey , Aussel Laurent
Published: March 2021

Dans le cadre de l’unité d’enseignement « Rédiger en sciences » proposée par Aix-Marseille Université, les étudiants du master 2 microbiologie - en partenariat avec l’Institut de Microbiologie, bioénergies et biotechnologie - ont été confrontés aux exigences de l’écriture scientifique. Trois thématiques leur ont été proposées : la résistance aux antibiotiques, les chaperons moléculaires et la polymérase des coronavirus. Les étudiants ont rédigé une Nouvelle soulignant les résultats majeurs et l’originalité des articles étudiés. Complété par un entretien avec leurs auteurs, l’ensemble offre un éclairage original sur la compréhension du vivant dans le domaine de la microbiologie et de la santé.
A comparison study of microstructure, texture and mechanical properties between two 6xxx aluminum alloys
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Liu Hong , Tang Xiaobo
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates a comparison study of microstructure, texture and mechanical properties between two 6xxx aluminum alloys through microstructure, texture characterization and tensile test. The results show that they exhibit different microstructure, texture and mechanical properties. In comparison with the alloy sheet with a low weight ratio of Mg to Si (Si-excess), the alloy sheet with a higher weight ratio of Mg to Si (Mg-excess) and additional Zn possesses the finer as-casting and solution treated equiaxed grain structure, less particles with larger size before solution treatment, weaker recrystallization texture mainly including Cube {001}<100> orientation and weaker mechanical properties. The low weight ratio of Mg to Si corresponds to slightly higher yield strength and ultimate tensile strength, but much higher plastic strain ration r, work hardening exponent n values and elongation. Interestingly, Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect is very prevailed in the alloy sheet with a higher weight ratio of Mg to Si and additional Zn, which is responsible for the low elongation and r value. The alloy containing a low weight ratio of Mg to Si may be beneficial to improve comprehensive mechanical property.
Achieving stable steelmaking basic oxygen furnace slag through treatment by self-disintegration high pressure process
Authors: Peng Ben , Wu Yue-Dong , Yue Chang-Sheng , Li Yu-Xiang
Published: March 2021

The basic oxygen furnace slag generated during steelmaking can be reused as aggregates in civil engineering because of its chemical composition and technological properties. However, the utilization of steel slag in practical applications is quite low due to its low volume stability. In this work, highly stable slag is obtained by the environmental-friendly self-disintegration high pressure (SDHP) process. In this method, the molten slag is initially crushed to form numerous small bulks. Subsequently, the slag bulks are treated by the self-disintegration process at a high pressure to obtain the highly stable steel slag. Thermodynamic evaluation and experimental investigation reveal that high pressure of steam promotes the hydration reaction. At a pressure of 0.2 MPa, the free lime (f-CaO) content and immersion expansion rate of the steel slag treated by this method are reduced to 1.5% and 0.9%, respectively. Both of these values satisfy the requirements specified in the national standards (GB/T 25029-2010 and GB/T 20491-2006). Moreover, the treatment time is reduced to 1.5 h, which is far lower than the treatment times required for traditional methods.
AOne Healthperspective on the issue of the antibiotic resistance
Authors: Badau Estera
Published: March 2021

For a few years now, theOne Healthconcept has appeared to go hand in hand with the issue of antibiotic resistance as the most comprehensive and global solution. As part of a study comparing the publicization process of the links between antibiotic resistance and food in France and in the United States, this paper retraces theOne Healthconcept’s trajectory in terms of significations and (re)definitions, according to the actors adopting this approach as a viable solution. Furthermore, this paper questions the concept’s take over impact in antibiotic resistance reframing as well as its expansion in terms of functioning and applicability. Within social sciences research, interest in the issue of antibiotic resistance and theOne Healthapproach has largely been established in recent years by a growing number of studies examining its different and multiple aspects. The specificity of this research lies in its two different levels of questioning theOne Healthconcept. Firstly, the concept seems to be referred to by variousformulas, from its oldest form,One Medicine-1984, toOne World, One Health. Secondly, the concept is being redefined as links between a plurality of domains are recognized (human health, animal health, the environment, and food), following the emergence of international health and food crises and as their multi-level consequences are being addressed by various stakeholders, including public authorities, political leaders, and economic actors.
Treatment of Ipsilateral Breast Cancer Recurrence (IBCR) after Breast Conservation Therapy (BCT)
Authors: Gerber Bernd , Hartmann Steffi , Stachs Angrit
Published: March 2021

In-breast recurrence or ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence (IBCR) suspected by imaging or palpation, second primary carcinoma and any distant metastases should be ruled out by core biopsy prior to breast surgery. The surgical standard in IBCR management is salvage mastectomy. Increasingly, however, patients express a justified desire for breast conservation in IBCR. In favourable relations of tumour and breast size, long interval between primary disease and IBCR recurrence, favourable tumour biology and ruled out distant metastases, re-BCT may be an option. As patients usually have undergone adjuvant radiotherapy already, re-radiotherapy (brachytherapy/percutaneous RT) should be explored. Systemic management must be based on tumour biology and prior treatment. While the risk of local recurrence increases following re-BCT, overall survival is not compromised.
Data Transfer from Clinic to Clinic – Queensland Perspective
Authors: Westacott Genevieve , Vallmurr Kirsten , Schütz Michael
Published: March 2021

Data transfer has been forced to evolve as digital technologies are implemented throughout various aspects of the healthcare system. Despite the uniqueness of both the geography and the population of Queensland, information exchange and data communication has continued to follow this evolutionary trend. There have been a number of different health reforms designed to integrate digital innovations and allow critical data and information to be shared with the appropriate health professionals when necessary. Strict healthcare legislation has been navigated and to provide newly upgraded technologies and processes while maintaining privacy, confidentiality and security standards. A large portion of the digital revolution has been the implementation of the national run project, the My Health Record and the state run project, the Integrated Electronic Medical Record. Both are platforms that allow secure information exchange allowing patients to have improved quality of care. To
maintain the steady progress, both the state and federal governments have developed strategies and visions to help provide guidance and direct for ongoing and future digital projects. They also outline areas that require further advancements to ensure Queensland is delivering equitable, high quality healthcare.
Mikrochirurgische Therapieoptionen beim Lymphödem
Authors: Tinhofer Ines E. , Steinbacher Johannes , Tzou Chieh-Han J.
Published: March 2021

Das Lymphödem ist eine multifaktorielle Erkrankung, die durch Ödem, interstitielle Fibrose und, im späteren Verlauf, durch Fettgewebsablagerungen charakterisiert ist. Das klinische Erscheinungsbild variiert je nach Stadium und geht mit unterschiedlich großen physischen, psychologischen und sozioökonomischen Einschränkungen einher.

Ein Lymphödem kann sowohl primär aufgrund genetisch bedingter abnormer Entwicklungsabläufe auftreten als auch sekundär als Folge von Trauma, Bestrahlung oder Infektion. Die Unterscheidung in primäres und sekundäres Lymphödem gibt dabei neben der Ursache auch Rückschlüsse über die zu erwartenden Erfolgsaussichten einer mikrochirurgischen Intervention.

In der plastischen und rekonstruktiven Chirurgie kann durch zweierlei Verfahren eine Verbesserung des Krankheitsbildes erzielt werden. Einerseits durch ablative Verfahren, wie beispielsweise die Liposuktion oder Resektion von überschüssigem Gewebe, und andererseits durch physiologische, mikro- und supermikrochirurgische Techniken zur Wiederherstellung des Lymphabtransportes, wie beispielsweise die vaskularisierte Lymphknotentransplantation („vascularized lymph node transfer“, VLNT) und die Anlage lymphovenöser Anastomosen (LVA).
Hearing Protection Success: Musicians Have a Favorable Response to Hearing Protection and Listeners Are Unable to Identify Music Produced by Musicians Wearing Hearing Protection
Authors: Nelson Nancy L. , Killion Mead C. , Lentz Jennifer J. , Kidd Gary R.
Published: March 2021

Abstract Background Musicians are known to be at risk for developing hearing sensitivity and hearing-related problems given their occupational exposure to high-level sound. Among options for hearing conservation, earplugs are an effective and inexpensive choice.
Adoption rates for musicians' earplugs remains consistently low, however, given concerns about the impact of hearing protection on their own performance as well as concerns that the resultant music will be a negative experience for listeners. In fact, few studies have (1) examined musicians'
attitudes about using hearing protection while performing themselves and (2) determined whether music played by musicians wearing hearing protection sounds different to listeners. Purpose The purposes of this study were (1) to evaluate how wearing musicians' earplugs affected
musicians' perception of their performance while they were playing, and (2) to examine whether listeners can distinguish a difference between music recorded by musicians playing with and without earplugs. Research Design Experiment 1: student musicians were recorded playing
under two conditions (with and without wearing earplugs) and then were surveyed about their experience. Experiment 2: musically experienced and naïve listeners were presented with musical samples played by musicians with and without earplugs in an ABX format. Listeners responded by indicating
whether the third stimulus (X) was conditionally identical to the first (A) or second stimulus (B). Results Experiment 1: while performing, musicians always preferred the no earplugs condition. The majority, however, rated the overall experience of playing with earplugs as
generally positive. Experiment 2: listeners were unable to hear a difference between the two recordings. Discussion In this experiment, musicians rated their experience playing without hearing protection more favorably than their experience playing with hearing protection,
but most musicians rated their experience with hearing protection as generally positive. The inability of listeners to distinguish a difference in music played with and without hearing protection suggests that the listening experience may not be adversely impacted by hearing protection worn
by the performers. Conclusion Earplugs are an inexpensive, noninvasive strategy for hearing conservation for musicians, and this study indicates that barriers to wearing hearing protection might be less problematic than previously reported.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Ultrasound in Detecting Correct Placement of Central Venous Catheter and Determining the Elimination of the Need for Chest Radiography
Authors: Panda Suvendu , Baby S.K. Rojalin , Thosani Rajesh
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims Ultrasound guidance of central venous catheter (CVC) insertion improves the safety and efficacy of its placement, but still it may not ensure correct placement of catheter tip. In our study, we aimed to identify the correct placement of CVC tip and to detect mechanical complications, by visualizing it in real time with the help of sonography and comparing this to the chest X-ray findings.

Patients and Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted on 80 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 1 and 2, in the age group of 18 to 65 years, who required central venous catheterization in intensive care unit. The CVC tip placement was identified with ultrasound and then the finding was compared with postinsertion chest X-ray.

Results In only 9 out of the 80 patients (11.3%) malposition was detected on ultrasound and was corrected immediately, whereas in remaining 71 patients (88.8%) no intervention was required. It was observed that all the patients had correct position of CVC tip on postprocedural chest X-ray. Accidental arterial cannulation occurred in two (2.5%) patients in whom right internal jugular vein was cannulated and in two (2.5%) patients who had arrhythmia.

Conclusion Ultrasonography (USG) examination can be used as a diagnostic tool method for confirmation of CVC tip and identification of cannulation-related complications. Thus, we can say that USG might obviate the need for post-CVC insertion chest X-ray.
Analgesia and Sedation in Critically Ill Adult Patients Admitted to a COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Jayaram Raja
Published: March 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the COVID-19 has spread globally, prompting world health organization (WHO) to declare COVID-19 a pandemic. As of January 2, 2021, about 82,579,768 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases had been reported to the WHO with 1,818,849 deaths (https://covid19.who.int). The pandemic has severely impacted health care systems around the world, resulting in a vast number of surgical procedures being cancelled or postponed and an unprecedented burden on intensive care units (ICU). A critical component of the perioperative or ICU services delivery is the provision of analgesia and sedation. Volatile inhalational anesthetics combined with opioids are widely used in an operating room, whereas in ICUs, intravenous drugs are used for this purpose. Although target-controlled infusions are not routinely used in ICUs, in the context of the thematic series on total intravenous anesthesia during COVID-19 pandemic, this article will focus on key aspects of intravenous sedation and analgesia in the management of critically ill patients admitted to an ICU following positive swab test for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.
Co-designing an Early Menopause Digital Resource: Model for Interdisciplinary Knowledge Translation
Authors: Yeganeh Ladan , Johnston-Ataata Kate , Vincent Amanda J. , Flore Jacinthe , Kokanović Renata , Teede Helena , Boyle Jacqueline A.
Published: March 2021

Early menopause/premature ovarian insufficiency is associated with negative health impacts, unmet information needs, delayed diagnosis, and variation in management. Co-designed digital resources for women with early menopause/premature ovarian insufficiency and health practitioners were developed to address information needs and support management. A five-phase mixed methods multidisciplinary research, co-design and translation process comprised: (1) survey/interviews with women and health practitioners to explore early menopause/premature ovarian insufficiency needs, experiences, and management; (2) appraisal of clinical guidelines to develop management algorithms; (3) digital resource development (https://healthtalkaustralia.org/early-menopause-experiences-and-perspectives-of-women-and-health-professionals/; (4) evaluation; and (5) dissemination/implementation. The digital resources included audio/video clips of women with early menopause/premature ovarian insufficiency and health practitioners providing early menopause/premature ovarian insufficiency care, a question prompt list, health practitioner algorithms, information links, and a list of services for women, achieving high satisfaction ratings from women and health practitioners. Engaging our stakeholder partners, multimodal dissemination has included community and conference presentations, social media, lay and professional publications, and webinars. This project provides a model for successful interdisciplinary co-design research translation to improve women's health.
Erratum: Aktuelles zum Gestationsdiabetes mellitus
Authors: Kleinwechter Helmut
Published: March 2021

Der Gestationsdiabetes mellitus (GDM), auch als Schwangerschaftsdiabetes bezeichnet, ist definiert durch einen hohen Blutzuckerspiegel während der Schwangerschaft. GDM ist eine erstmals in der Schwangerschaft beobachtete Glukosetoleranzstörung, die mit einem 75-g-oralen Glukosetoleranztest (75-g-oGTT) unter standardisierten Bedingungen und qualitätsgesicherter Glukosemessung in venösem Plasma diagnostiziert wird. Der Schwangerschaftsdiabetes wird als Typ-4-Diabetes bezeichnet und es handelt sich somit um eine eigene Klassifikationsgruppe neben Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes. Allerdings erreichen beim GDM die Blutglukosewerte nicht das sonst beim Diabetes erkennbare Niveau.
Suppression of backward current in a low-magnetic-field foilless diode
Authors: Zhang Guangshuai , Sun Jun , Xiao Renzhen , Shi Yanchao , Wu Ping
Published: March 2021

An annular cathode is generally fixed on a cylindrical cathode holder in a magnetically insulated coaxial foilless diode. Electrons emitted from cathode plasmas or the cathode holder may easily move backward under the action of the quasi-static electric field and axial magnetic field, leading to backward current loss, which will seriously reduce the efficiency of high power microwave sources, especially under the condition of a low guiding magnetic field. A novel storage electrode immersed in the uniform magnetic field is proposed to suppress the backward current. Reverse electrons will be decelerated and blocked by the storage electrode. Under the guiding magnetic field of 0.66 T, over 66% of the backward current is suppressed (from 3.6 kA to 1.2 kA) when the storage electrode is used, and furthermore, the waveforms of the diode voltage and current are improved significantly.
A scanning tunneling microscope capable of electron spin resonance and pump–probe spectroscopy at mK temperature and in vector magnetic field
Authors: van Weerdenburg Werner M. J. , Steinbrecher Manuel , van Mullekom Niels P. E. , Gerritsen Jan W. , von Allwörden Henning , Natterer Fabian D. , Khajetoorians Alexander A.
Published: March 2021

In the last decade, detecting spin dynamics at the atomic scale has been enabled by combining techniques such as electron spin resonance (ESR) or pump–probe spectroscopy with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Here, we demonstrate an ultra-high vacuum STM operational at milliKelvin (mK) temperatures and in a vector magnetic field capable of both ESR and pump–probe spectroscopy. By implementing GHz compatible cabling, we achieve appreciable RF amplitudes at the junction while maintaining the mK base temperature and high energy resolution. We demonstrate the successful operation of our setup by utilizing two experimental ESR modes (frequency sweep and magnetic field sweep) on an individual TiH molecule on MgO/Ag(100) and extract the effective g-factor. We trace the ESR transitions down to MHz into an unprecedented low frequency band enabled by the mK base temperature. We also implement an all-electrical pump–probe scheme based on waveform sequencing suited for studying dynamics down to the nanoseconds range. We benchmark our system by detecting the spin relaxation time T1 of individual Fe atoms on MgO/Ag(100) and note a field strength and orientation dependent relaxation time.
Static dipole polarizabilities of polyacenes using self-interaction-corrected density functional approximations
Authors: Akter Sharmin , Yamamoto Yoh , Zope Rajendra R. , Baruah Tunna
Published: March 2021

Density functional approximations (DFAs) are known to significantly overestimate the polarizabilities of long chain-like molecules. We study the static electric dipole polarizabilities and the vertical ionization potentials of polyacenes from benzene to pentacene using the Fermi–Löwdin orbital-based self-interaction corrected (FLOSIC) density functional method. The orbital by orbital self-interaction correction corrects for the overestimation tendency of DFAs. The polarizabilities calculated with FLOSIC-DFA are, however, overly corrected. We also tested the recently developed locally scaled self-interaction correction (LSIC) method on polyacenes. The local-scaling method applies full SIC in the one-electron regions and restores the proper behavior of the SIC exchange–correlation functionals in the uniform density limit. The results show that LSIC removes the overcorrection tendency of the FLOSIC-DFA and produces results that are in excellent agreement with reference coupled-cluster single and double values. The vertical ionization potentials with LSIC also show good agreement with available experimental values.
Symbolic partition in chaotic maps
Authors: Chai Misha , Lan Yueheng
Published: March 2021

In this work, we only use data on the unstable manifold to locate the partition boundaries by checking folding points at different levels, which practically coincide with homoclinic tangencies. The method is then applied to the classic two-dimensional Hénon map and a well-known three-dimensional map. Comparison with previous results is made in the Hénon case, and Lyapunov exponents are computed through the metric entropy based on the partition to show the validity of the current scheme.
Lasting memories of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Poon Maya M.L. , Farber Donna L.
Published: March 2021

Maintaining virus-specific adaptive immunity is critical for ongoing protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this issue, Breton et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20202515) identify polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2–specific T cell responses in the peripheral blood of individuals who recovered from COVID-19 that were present at 1 mo and persisted until 6 mo after infection.
Effect of tellurium (Te4+) irradiation on microstructure and associated irradiation-induced hardening*
Authors: Huang Hefei , Liu Jizhao , Lei Guanhong , Muránsky Ondrej , Wei Tao , Ionescu Mihail
Published: March 2021

The GH3535 alloy samples were irradiated using 15-MeV Te4+ ions at 650 °C to a dose of 0.5, 3.0, 10, and 20 dpa, respectively. The Te atoms distribution and microstructure evolution were examined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nano-indenter was then used to measure the nano-hardness changes of samples before and after irradiation. TEM results showed the formation of dislocation loops in the irradiated samples. Their mean diameters increase with the increase of irradiation dose and tends to be saturated when irradiation dose exceeds 10 dpa. The ratio of yield strength increments calculated by dispersed barrier hardening (DBH) model is basically consistent with that of nano-hardness increments measured by nano-indenter. In addition, the relationship between the nano-hardness increments and dpa for the GH3535 alloy irradiated by Te ions has been revealed in the study.
Experimental study of coolant flow mixing processes in a pressure chamber model of nuclear reactor
Authors: Dmitriev S M , Khrobostov A E , Ryazanov A V , Dobrov A A , Doronkov D V , Legchanov M A , Pronin A N , Rubtsova E V , Solntsev D N
Published: March 2021

The paper presents results of experimental research, the purpose of which was to simulate the phenomenon of mixing of loop coolant flows inside the model of the pressure chamber of the water-cooled reactor. The study was conducted at the high-pressure aerodynamic test bench of NNSTU n.a. R.E. Alekseev. The scale model consisted of elements characteristic of water-cooled nuclear reactors (lowering annular channel, lower pressure chamber). Experimental studies were carried out in the range of Reynolds numbers from 20,000 to 50,000. The axial velocity field was studied at the entrance to the reactor core simulator, using a pneumometric research probe. The temperature field was simulated using the impurity diffusion method by introducing a contrast tracer into one of the loops of the model. Propane was used as a passive tracer. Tracer concentration at the inlet core simulator allowed to evaluate the degree of flow mixing and thereby studied the direction of coolant flow. As a result of the studies, the spatial distribution of the tracer concentration in the coolant flow in the lower annular channel, as well as in the lower pressure chamber, was determined. It was shown that in the lower pressure chamber, an axial central vortex influences the mixing intensity. The estimation of the parameters of mixing of the passive tracer in the model of reactor pressure was given.
Argon radiation behind of shock wave front
Authors: Kozlov P V , Levashov V Yu , Zabelinsky I E , Bikova N G
Published: March 2021

In this article, the results of an experimental study of non-equilibrium radiation of pure argon are presented. These results were obtained at the Institute of Mechanics of Lomonosow Moscow State University Shock Tube experimental complex. The main attention is focused to the study of the initial phase of radiation take place before the sharp increase electron concentration. The electron number density was determined with using of Stark broadening of Hα hydrogen line method. The panoramic spectra and individual radiation line evolution are presented. It is noted that radiation evolution at the initial stage depends strongly from radiation wavelength.
The effect velocity and direction of swirling air flow on the formation spray downstream of pressure swirl nozzle
Authors: Sviridenkov A A , Sokolova E I
Published: March 2021

One of the methods for generation a finely dispersed spray for pilot nozzles, used in modern aircraft engines widely, is co-rotating or counter-rotating directed relative to the direction of movement of the fuel film, air flow swirl. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate the shape of the liquid film and its disintegration at low fuel consumption. In the present work, the influence of the speed and direction of the air flow on the main characteristics determining the dispersion and shape of the spray pattern downstream the pressure swirl nozzle was investigated. The mathematical model of the film motion in a curvilinear coordinate system associated with the film surface to obtain the basic characteristics of the spray was used. The main attention was paid to the spraying characteristics in the initial phase of the formation of the spray at the calculations carried out according to this model. Calculations showed that the swirling air flow helps to open the entire cone spray angle, however, the initial angle of the spray is smaller than in the absence of air flow near the nozzle with opposite swirling,. The work also showed that swirling air flow reduces the thickness of the fuel film in the immediate vicinity of the nozzle almost the same, regardless of the direction of its rotation. The effect of the swirling air flow on the average sizes of atomized fuel droplets based on the calculation of the thickness of the fuel film, its speed and the cone angle of the spray data were obtained. The results are compared with the available experimental date.
Models with phase slip in the hydrodynamics of granular media
Authors: Tairov E A , Khan P V
Published: March 2021

Two-phase flows in granular media are widely used in the chemical and energy industries as they provide a high intensity of transfer processes. One of the key characteristics of such flows is the relationship between the pressure drop cross the granular layer and the mass velocity of the two-phase mixture. To date, no single approach has been developed to calculate the characteristics of such flows. In this paper, we compare three models constructed given the difference in the velocities of the liquid and vapor phases. All models are used to solve both the direct problem of calculating the pressure drop for a given mass velocity and the inverse problem of calculating the mass velocity for a known pressure drop. The accuracy of the models was compared using two sets of experimental data with a combined pressure variation range of 0.6–15 MPa, a flow quality of 0.002–0.3, a mass velocity of 120 – 1100 kg/m2s, ball particle diameters of 2–4 mm, and a packed bed height of 50-355 mm. The calculation with the new gas-dynamic model demonstrated the best result in the entire range of experimental data.
Analytical study of temperature field during microwave drying of the material
Authors: Boshkova I L , Volgusheva N V , Boshkov L Z
Published: March 2021

Mathematical models of heating wet materials in a microwave field are analyzed. A thermal conductivity model is presented that considers two internal sources of heat, positive and negative. A negative heat source considers moisture output during drying of the material. A formula is obtained for calculating the temperature of a semi-bounded body under the action of internal heat sources for boundary conditions of the first kind. The results of calculations of the temperature of water and a dense layer of wheat grain are presented, depending on the duration of the microwave field and the specific power for the heating period. It is shown that in order to obtain reliable results, it is necessary to correctly set the efficiency of the microwave chamber. The results of calculations of moisture content and temperature of a layer of wheat grain for a period of constant drying speed are presented.
Finely dispersed silicon carbide synthesis model in the electrothermal reactor with periodic batch loading
Authors: Kuzevanov V S , Zakozhurnikov S S , Zakozhurnikova G S , Garyaev A B
Published: March 2021

Fine silicon carbide is used in metallurgy, electronic devices and the aviation industry. Reactors where the synthesis of finely dispersed carbides is organized in an electrothermal fluidized bed (ETKS reactors) have several advantages over resistance furnaces used for mass production of carbides. The basic advantage is the direct production of a finely dispersed fraction of carbide-containing particles with lower specific costs of electric energy. In this article, there were studied non-stationary processes in an ETKS reactor operating in the mode of periodic loading into the reaction volume of components of chemical reactions for the synthesis of silicon carbide: finely dispersed carbon-containing particles and SiO2 particles (batch). A mathematical model of synthesis for non-stationary conditions is developed. Relations are obtained for calculating changes in the process of silicon carbide synthesis not only of the sizes of solid (liquid) particles participating in chemical reactions, but also of the concentrations of volatile components that affect the rates of these reactions in the working volume of the ETKS reactor. There were carried out calculations to identify the influence of determining factors on the yield of the final product and the analysis of these results. A comparison of the calculation results with the available experimental data on the yield of silicon carbide in an ETKS reactor with a periodic charge loading was presented.
Two-dimensional temperature oscillations and elastic thermocyclic stresses in sphere and space with spherical cavity under spatially inhomogeneous heat transfer conditions
Authors: Supel’nyak M I
Published: March 2021

The problem of steady-state temperature oscillations and thermocyclic stresses in regions bounded from inside or from outside by spherical surface is considered. To find them, the uncoupled quasistatic cyclic thermoelasticity problem under axisymmetric heat transfer conditions has been solved. The given definition corresponds to a solution that depends on two spatial variables. The thermal conductivity problem is solved by method of separation of variables for three types of boundary condition. Solution of the elastic displacement problem is obtained by using thermoelastic potential of displacements and Papkovich-Neuber solution for isothermal deformation.
Steam technology application for liquid hydrocarbons combustion
Authors: Alekseenko S V , Anufriev I S , Kopyev E P , Sharypov O V
Published: March 2021

Crude oil is an attractive fuel for energy production because it does not require the additional costs for processing and, in some cases, transportation. Existing technologies for combusting liquid fuel do not always ensure the achievement of required parameters, in particular, the environmental ones. The authors suggest to use the technology of crude oil burning in the presence of superheated steam as one of the ways to improve environmental performance at hydrocarbon combustion. For this purpose, the design of atmospheric burner with liquid fuel spraying by a jet of superheated steam was modernized. The regimes of crude oil combustion in a modernized burner are determined. The results obtained indicate the efficiency of using the proposed technology for combustion of crude oil sprayed by a jet of superheated steam, as well as the prospects of the developed design of a low-power burner for practical applications.
Enhancement of critical heat fluxes at pool boiling on structured surfaces
Authors: Khaziev I A , Dedov A V , Fedorovich S D
Published: March 2021

A comparison of experimental data on heat transfer and CHF at pool boiling on structured surfaces is performed. An analysis of the CHF increase depending of the surface development is performed. New experimental data on the Leidenfrost temperature on structured surfaces are obtained. Beam technologies for surface modification are presented. Experimental data on CHF at R-113 pool boiling on structured surfaces are presented.
Comparative analysis of the results of experimental and numerical studies of thermal and hydraulic characteristics of micro-hilly and corrugated plate surfaces
Authors: Verbanov I S , Gulimovskiy I A , Svetlakov A L , Lepeshkin A R
Published: March 2021

The experimental analysis of heat transfer in plate heat exchange channels, presented in this paper, was carried out on the installation of visualizing the temperature distribution on the surface of the electro-heated air flow cooled heat transfer envelope using a thermal camera. Experimental studies were carried out in a wide range of air flow. In the comparative analysis, the average deviation of the experimental values from the numerical simulation for the Nusselt criterion was about 15%. The worst systematic discrepancy between the Euler numbers (excess of the calculated losses over the experiment) is observed for the hydraulic characteristics of the hilly surface, but it does not exceed +22% in the transition region, decreasing to +14% in the region of developed turbulence. Within these errors, it is possible to use numerical 3d calculations for the development of databases of criteria dependences of corrugated and hilly heat exchange surfaces. To calculate the full-size heat exchangers obtained by calculation criterion dependences for different geometric characteristics of the models of corrugated and hilly surfaces are presented.
Numerical modeling of electric arc motion in external constant magnetic field
Authors: Toktaliev P D , Semenev P A , Moralev I A , Kazanskii P N , Bityrin V A , Bocharov A N
Published: March 2021

The paper generalizes to the three-dimensional case the previously proposed two-dimensional mathematical model of the motion of a plasma formation in a constant transverse magnetic field. The complete system of single-fluid magnetogasdynamic approximation of the equations of the hydrodynamic method for plasma description under conditions of local thermodynamic equilibrium is simplified in the electromagnetic part. Instead of solving the complete system of Maxwell’s equations, Ohm’s integral law is applied to the conducting region with usage of empirical data. Earlier studies in a two-dimensional version of this model as applied to the problem of describing the motion of an arc showed its effectiveness and efficiency for the class of problems under consideration. The simulation results with proposed extended model are compared with previously obtained calculated and experimental data. Main integral and local features of flow structure are highlighted.
High-heat flux tests of graphite in-vessel components of T-15MD tokamak with plasma and e-beam load
Authors: Fedorovich S D , Karpov A V , Budaev V P , Grashin S A , Gubkin M K , Lukashevsky M V , Voinkova I V , Rogozin K A , Konkov A A , Quang V Tran , Vasiliev G B , Usmanov R R
Published: March 2021

Investigations of samples made of a graphite tile of the lining of the chamber of the T-15MD tokamak with plasma loads simulating the conditions in the peripheral and divertor plasma of a large T-15MD tokamak. When testing samples in a plasma installation PLM with plasma loads of 2 MW/m2 for more than 200 minutes, the surface temperature of the samples reached 1288 ° C. Plasma loading and heating of the surface within the specified limits does not lead to cracking change in the relief and graphite sputtering. The analysis of the morphology and structure of the surface was carried out using the methods of scanning electron microscopy of samples after thermal loads. Surface erosion is insignificant. Long-term plasma loads lead to the growth of a layer of porous carbon structures. The growth rate of structures does not exceed 1–2 μm/h at the maximum heating temperature of the samples and decreases 10 times at 800 ° C. Investigations of graphite samples in an electron-beam setup were carried out with a beam of accelerated 60 keV electrons, which simulates the effect on the graphite lining of the chamber of transient processes expected in the T-15MD tokamak, including ELMs. It is shown that the energy flux of 24 MW/m2 for electron irradiation should be recognized as a threshold for the destruction of the surface of graphite tiles.