bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Neuropathic Component in Post-COVID Pain Symptoms in Previously Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors
Authors: Herrero-Montes Manuel , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Ferrer-Pargada Diego , Tello-Mena Sandra , Cancela-Cilleruelo Ignacio , Rodríguez-Jiménez Jorge , Palacios-Ceña Domingo , Parás-Bravo Paula
Published: March 2022

Objectives. To investigate the prevalence of neuropathic pain symptoms and to analyze the correlation between neuropathic symptoms with pain-related, psychological, and cognitive variables in COVID-19 survivors exhibiting “de novo” post-COVID pain. Methods. Seventy-seven (n = 77) previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors presenting with post-COVID pain completed demographic (such as age, height, and weight), pain-related (the duration and intensity of pain), psychological (depressive/anxiety levels), and cognitive (catastrophizing and kinesiophobia) variables. The Self-Report Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS) questionnaire was also assessed. After conducting multivariable correlation analyses, a stepwise multiple linear regression model was performed to identify S-LANSS predictors. Results. Participants were assessed a mean of 6.0 (SD 0.8) months after hospital discharge. Nineteen (24.6%) exhibited neuropathic pain symptoms (S-LANSS score≥12 points). The S-LANSS score was positively associated with the duration of post-COVID pain (r: 0.262), anxiety levels (r: 0.275), and kinesiophobia level (r: 0.291) (all,

P

 < 0.05). The stepwise regression analysis revealed that 12.8% of the S-LANSS variance was just explained by kinesiophobia. Conclusion. This study found that almost 25% of previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors with “de novo” post-COVID pain reported a neuropathic pain component. The presence of neuropathic pain symptomatology was associated with more anxiety and kinesiophobia, but only kinesiophobia level was significantly associated explaining 12.8% of the variance of the S-LANSS score.
Receding Horizon Control with Extended Solution for UAV Path Planning
Authors: Ma Xiaoyu , Zang Shaofei , Li Xinghai , Ma Jianwei
Published: March 2022

The receding horizon control (RHC) greatly reduces the planning time and achieves great success in UAV online path planning because of rolling window optimization. However, due to its small range of path search in the time window, UAVs cannot cope with environments with uncertain obstacles and multiple flight constraints. Therefore, the receding horizon control with extended solution (RHC-eS) method is proposed for UAV path planning based on the traditional RHC. This method first designs the path expansion mechanism, which not only expands the search range of feasible solutions but also ensures the real-time performance by the two-way search strategy. Secondly, in order to increase the richness of solutions, the crossover and directional variation strategy of Genetic Algorithm (GA) are integrated. Finally, the Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) method is used to optimize the objective function. The simulation results of UAV path planning in simple and complex environments certify that the proposed method can obtain shorter, safer, and smoother paths compared with the existing methods.
Personalized Song Recommendation System Based on Vocal Characteristics
Authors: Yang Jingzhou
Published: March 2022

To find favorite songs among massive songs has become a difficult problem. The song recommendation algorithm makes personalized recommendations by analyzing user’s historical behavior, which can reduce user’s information fatigue and improve the user experience. This paper studies a personalized song recommendation algorithm based on vocal features. The specific work includes three parts. Firstly, the spectrum feature extraction and observe feature extraction of songs. The spectrum includes three types of features: time domain, frequency domain, and amplitude, which implicitly describe the rhythm, notes, and high-pitched or soothing properties of songs. Furthermore, automatic note recognition methods are explored as explicit classification features. The characteristic of this work is to use the comprehensive features of spectrum and musical notes as the classification basis. Secondly, based on song of convolutional neural network (CNN) classification, it sets different types of song classification. For the training of CNN, ELU, and ReLU, RMSProp and Adam were explored, and their performance and characteristics during training were compared. The classification methods were compared under the two configurations based on the spectrum as the classification basis and the comprehensive characteristic frequency of the spectrum and the note as the basis. Thirdly, a personalized song recommendation method was based on CNN classification. Also, the reasons why classification of CNN is not suitable for direct song recommendation are analyzed, and then, a recommendation method based on song fragment classification is proposed. A threshold model that can distinguish between pseudodiscrete and true-discrete is proposed to improve the accuracy of song classification.
Key Update and Device Location of Internet of Things Based on Smart Contract
Authors: Bi HongQi
Published: March 2022

In order to reduce the key update time delay of the Internet of Things and reduce the device location error rate and location time, a new key update and device location of Internet of Things based on smart contract was designed. Adopt improved MVIF security mechanism of both parties to build smart contract security mechanism, and the key update of the Internet of Things is realized through key predistribution, user registration and login, and key update. On this basis, multidimensional scaling technology is used to abstract Internet of Things devices into relative coordinates in multidimensional space, and the absolute coordinates are obtained by eliminating the distance estimation error to achieve Internet of Things device positioning. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a lower key update time delay, a lower amount of data used in the key update process, a lower positioning error rate of Internet of Things devices, and a shorter positioning time, which fully verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
English-Chinese Machine Translation Model Based on Bidirectional Neural Network with Attention Mechanism
Authors: Yonglan Li , Wenjia He
Published: March 2022

In recent years, with the development of deep learning, machine translation using neural network has gradually become the mainstream method in industry and academia. The existing Chinese-English machine translation models generally adopt the deep neural network architecture based on attention mechanism. However, it is still a challenging problem to model short and long sequences simultaneously. Therefore, a bidirectional LSTM model integrating attention mechanism is proposed. Firstly, by using the word vector as the input data of the translation model, the linguistic symbols used in the translation process are mathematized. Secondly, two attention mechanisms are designed: local attention mechanism and global attention mechanism. The local attention mechanism is mainly used to learn which words or phrases in the input sequence are more important for modeling, while the global attention mechanism is used to learn which layer of expression vector in the input sequence is more critical. Bidirectional LSTM can better fuse the feature information in the input sequence, while bidirectional LSTM with attention mechanism can simultaneously model short and long sequences. The experimental results show that compared with many existing translation models, the bidirectional LSTM model with attention mechanism can effectively improve the quality of machine translation.
KLF4 Affects Acute Renal Allograft Injury via Binding to MicroRNA-155-5p Promoter to Regulate ERRFI1
Authors: Zhao Jiquan , Zhao Jiqiang , He Zhaohui , Lin Minzhuan , Huo Feng
Published: March 2022

Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) owns the promising potential in treating kidney injury, which inevitably occurs during renal allograft. Given that, this research targets to unveil KLF4-oriented mechanism from microRNA-155-5p/ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1 (miR-155-5p/ERRFI1) axis in acute renal allograft injury. Mice were injected with miR-155-5p-related sequences before acute renal allograft modeling. Afterwards, serum inflammation, along with oxidative stress, renal tubular injury, and apoptosis in renal tissues were detected. HK-2 cells were processed by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and transfected with miR-155-5p- or ERRFI1-related sequences, after which cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured. KLF4, miR-155-5p, and ERRFI1 expressions and their interaction were tested. KLF4 and miR-155-5p levels were enhanced, and ERRFI1 level was repressed in mice after acute renal allograft and in H/R-treated HK-2 cells. KLF4 bound to the promoter of miR-155-5p. Depleting miR-155-5p reduced serum inflammation and attenuated oxidative stress, renal tubular injury, and apoptosis in mice with acute renal allograft injury. Downregulating miR-155-5p facilitated proliferation and repressed apoptosis of H/R-treated HK-2 cells. miR-155-5p targeted ERRFI1. Knocking down ERRFI1 antagonized the effects of downregulated miR-155-5p on acute renal allograft injury, as well as on H/R-treated HK-2 cell proliferation and apoptosis. A summary displays that silencing KLF4 suppresses miR-155-5p to attenuate acute renal allograft injury by upregulating ERRFI1, which provides a way to control acute renal allograft injury.
Histone Methylation and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Yi Xin , Zhu Qiu-Xia , Wu Xing-Liang , Tan Tuan-Tuan , Jiang Xue-Jun
Published: March 2022

Oxidative stress occurs when ROS overproduction overwhelms the elimination ability of antioxidants. Accumulated studies have found that oxidative stress is regulated by histone methylation and plays a critical role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Targeting the underlying molecular mechanism to alter the interplay of oxidative stress and histone methylation may enable creative and effective therapeutic strategies to be developed against a variety of cardiovascular disorders. Recently, some drugs targeting epigenetic modifiers have been used to treat specific types of cancers. However, the comprehensive signaling pathways bridging oxidative stress and histone methylation need to be deeply explored in the contexts of cardiovascular physiology and pathology before clinical therapies be developed. In the present review, we summarize and update information on the interplay between histone methylation and oxidative stress during the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, pulmonary hypertension, and diabetic macro- and microvascular pathologies.
Multilevel Evaluation of Teaching Quality in Higher Education Using Single-Valued Neutrosophic Set
Authors: Wu Fuzhong , Fang Yiming
Published: March 2022

Evaluation of teaching quality is essential for teachers’ promotion, students’ course selection, and institutes’ standing. A multilevel evaluation framework for teaching quality in higher education was investigated by combining the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with the single-valued neutrosophic set (SVNS). An indicator system was constructed, including the teaching performance and the students’ learning outcomes. For the qualitative indicator values, an SVNS representation method was proposed, aiming to describe the uncertainty and improve the credibility and validity of the evaluation. Then, both the qualitative data and quantitative data were applied to the TOPSIS-based multilevel evaluation framework, which consisted of an overall assessment and five specific evaluations. The former assessment would provide a final rank and determine the best lecturers to be given priority in awards and promotion. The latter would focus on identifying areas where the lecturers could do better and would give them tips to overcome their challenges. Finally, a descriptive example was provided to verify the proposed framework and demonstrate its practicality.
Roof Failure Mechanism of Thin Bedrock Working Faces under Loading and Analysis Based on Microseismic Monitoring Technology
Authors: Miao Wei , Zhao Lin , Liu Shiqi , Jiang Wenhao , Zhang Ermeng , Li Jingkai
Published: March 2022

The resistance transfer coefficient of supports plays an important role in support selection in coal mines, which is the main factor in support crushing accidents. Based on the key layer theory, the formula for calculating the resistance transfer coefficient of supports under the load of a loose layer was deduced. The analysis of four working faces with thick loose layers and the corresponding mining pressure data were used to deduce the load transfer coefficients of the thick loose layers and ultimately illustrate the relationship between thick loose layers and different influencing factors. By using microseismic technology to monitor the process of roof failure in a thin bedrock working face with a thick loose layer during mining, the roof failure characteristics of a large-mining-height working face under the load of a thick loose layer were further verified. The results show that a thicker loose layer and thinner bedrock caused more of the load to transfer to the working face, the roof microseismic events were mainly concentrated in the range of 60 m to 75 m above the coal seam, and the most active events occurred during the square stage (the length of the working face’s goaf is equal to its width). The height of the water-conducting fracture zone was analyzed by microseismic data and then verified with theoretical calculations.
Virtual Reality Primary School Mathematics Teaching System Based on GIS Data Fusion
Authors: Xie Yi , Hong Yaoqi , Fang Yanni
Published: March 2022

Virtual reality technology is becoming more and more well-known by more and more people. Informatization of education is vigorously promoted in the modernization of the country. As a new type of digital information processing platform, virtual reality technology has a huge advantage in elementary school mathematics teaching. It is based on three-dimensional spatial data for modeling, analysis, and display. In addition, as a data synthesis and processing technology, data fusion is actually the integration and application of many traditional disciplines and new technologies. Geographic information system (GIS) is a specific and very important spatial information system. This article mainly uses the method of case analysis, giving examples of virtual experimental teaching system, intelligent auxiliary teaching system, and virtual classroom teaching system to analyze the related technologies and then apply the investigation method and experimental method to test the system proposed in this article and organize students’ opinions systematic attitude. Experimental data and survey results show that 78 students believe that the virtual mathematics education system is most suitable for simulating operation experience and understanding principles. And more than 50% of students believe that the virtual experimental education system has significantly increased their interest in learning. For this reason, the research on the virtual reality elementary school mathematics teaching system based on GIS data fusion is of great significance.
Study on the Extraction of Cerium(IV) from Nitric Acid Medium with tri-Isoamyl Phosphate
Authors: Ma Guang-Nai , Zhou Jian-Liang , Luo Shi-Hui , Li Sheng
Published: March 2022

This paper studied the extraction behavior of tri-isoamyl phosphate (TiAP)/n-dodecane as extractant for Ce(IV) in a nitric acid medium. In the study of extraction of pure Ce(IV) solution, the test results show that when the organic phase and the water phase ratio is 1: 1, the organic phase and the water phase are mixed and contacted for 90 s, and the pH value is 0-2.0, the extraction tends to be balanced, and the complexes formed by the extraction are theoretically deduced and obtained the theoretical molecular formula of the complex is Ce(NO3)4·nTiAP, where

n

is between 2 and 3; under this condition, the extraction rate of pure Ce(IV) can reach 99.45% after 16-stage countercurrent extraction test; the relative standard deviation is less than 2%. In the extraction of Ce(IV) solution containing other metal ions, the test results show that the extraction rate of 0.05 mol·L-1 TiAP/n-dodecane solution to the material liquid containing Ce(IV) 0.005 g·L-1 is about 64%. However, the experiment found that the extraction rate tends to decrease with the increase of the material liquid’s standing time. After 24 hours, the extraction rate is close to 0. Then, the experiment researched the influence of each metal ion component on the extraction after standing and obtained the metal. In the presence of ionic components, the extraction rate tends to decrease with the increase of the liquid standing time. Considering the strong oxidizing property of Ce4+ under acidic conditions, the experimental study of TiAP on Ce3+ and Ce4+ mixtures with different percentages. The results show that as the percentage of Ce3+ in the feed liquid increases, the extraction rate is in a downward trend, and the trend is consistent with the increase in the standing time on the extraction rate. The original liquid contains impurity Ce4+ is slowly reduced to Ce3+, which affects the extraction results. Studies have shown that TiAP of 0.05 mol·L-1 performs well for the extraction of Ce4+ in pure Ce(IV) solution; TiAP of 0.05 mol·L-1 is effective for extraction of Ce(III) solution of 0 ~ 5 mg·L-1. The effect of Ce3+ is not obvious; because Ce4+ is too oxidizing, when other metal ions studied are present at the concentration studied, it will accelerate the reduction of Ce4+ and affect the extraction results.
Exposure to a Pathological Condition May Be Required for the Cells to Secrete Exosomes Containing mtDNA Aberration
Authors: Vaidya Manjusha , Sreerama Sandeep , Gaviria Mariana , Sugaya Kiminobu
Published: March 2022

Exosomes, nanovesicles secreted by all cells, carry out intercellular communication by transmitting biologically active cargo comprising DNA, RNA, and proteins. These biomolecules reflect the status of their parent cells and can be altered by pathological conditions. Therefore, the researchers have been investigating differential sequences and quantities of DNA associated with exosomes as valuable biomarkers of diseases. Exosomes carry different types of DNA molecules, including genomic, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial (mtDNA). The mtDNA aberrations are reported to be a hallmark of diseases involving oxidative stress, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Establishing robust in vitro models comprising appropriate cell lineages is the first step towards investigating disease-specific anomalies and testing therapeutics. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from patients with diseases have been used for this purpose since they can differentiate into various cells. The current study investigated mtDNA aberrations in exosomes secreted by primary cancer cells and neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiated from iPS cells. The primary cancer cells were isolated from surgically removed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tissue, and the iPS cells were produced from control and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) subjects’ B lymphocytes. We detected aberrations in mtDNA associated with exosomes secreted from GBM cells but not from the NSCs. This result indicates that the cells may not secrete exosomes carrying mtDNA aberration without exposure to a pathological condition. Thus, we may need to consider this fact when we use iPS cell-derived cells as an in vitro disease model.
Meta-Analysis of the Prognostic Value of Narcotrend Monitoring of Different Depths of Anesthesia and Different Bispectral Index (BIS) Values for Cognitive Dysfunction after Tumor Surgery in Elderly Patients
Authors: Chen Na , Lu Jing
Published: March 2022

Objective. To study the effect of Narcotrend monitoring on the incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) under different bispectral index (BIS) conditions and the effect of different depths of anesthesia on the incidence of POCD. Methods. We performed a literature search of PubMed, Embase, OVID (database system made by Ovid Technologies, USA), CBM (Chinese Biomedical Literature database), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang, and VIP databases (full-text database of Chinese sci-tech journals), etc., from the date of the establishment of the database until December 31, 2020. Our meta-analysis was focused on the collection and study of Narcotrend monitoring of different depths of anesthesia. We carefully read the abstracts and full texts of randomized controlled trials on the incidence of POCD in the early postoperative period, and their references were tracked. Data extraction and quality evaluation of the included literature were also performed, and RevMan 5.3 software was used for analysis. Results. In the end, eight articles were included, with a total of 714 patients. The meta-analysis results showed that four articles (255 patients) compared the state of deep anesthesia (BIS 30–40) with conventional anesthesia (BIS 40–60 earlier) after POCD. Also, the incidence of POCD on the first day after deep anesthesia (Narcotrend stage (NTS): negative correlation is currently the most appropriate EEG description; Nd can subdivide the original EEG into six stages and 15 levels (Nd Sg, NTS), namely, A (state of wakefulness) state, B0 B2 (sedated state), C0 C2 (light anesthetic state), D0 D2 (general anesthesia), and E0–E1) was significantly lower than that of conventional anesthesia (NTS DO–D1) (odds ratio (OR) = 0.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13–0.35,

P
<
0.00001

). Moreover, the incidence of POCD in deep anesthesia (NTS E1) at 7 days after surgery was significantly lower than that of conventional anesthesia (NTS D0) (OR (odds ratio) = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23–0.91,

P
=
0.03

), while the incidence of POCD 7 days after NTS D2 in conventional anesthesia was significantly lower than that of NTS D0 (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.24–0.71,

P
=
0.001

). Discussion. Deep anesthesia can reduce the incidence of POCD (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.22–0.73,

P
=
0.002

). This meta-analysis included three studies (216 patients) that compared the early postoperative POCD incidence of BIS 40–50 under conventional anesthesia and BIS 50–60; the BIS 40–50 did not significantly reduce the incidence of POCD (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.24–5.24,

P
=
0.9

). The incidence of POCD under deep anesthesia with Narcotrend monitoring was lower than that under conventional anesthesia.
Study on the Grading Model of Hepatic Steatosis Based on Improved DenseNet
Authors: Yang Ruwen , Zhou Yaru , Liu Weiwei , Shang Hongtao
Published: March 2022

To achieve intelligent grading of hepatic steatosis, a deep learning-based method for grading hepatic steatosis was proposed by introducing migration learning in the DenseNet model, and the effectiveness of the method was verified by applying it to the practice of grading hepatic steatosis. The results show that the proposed method can significantly reduce the number of model iterations and improve the model convergence speed and prediction accuracy by introducing migration learning in the deep learning DenseNet model, with an accuracy of more than 85%, sensitivity of more than 94%, specificity of about 80%, and good prediction performance on the training and test sets. It can also detect hepatic steatosis grade 1 more accurately and reliably, and achieve automated and more accurate grading, which has some practical application value.
Association between Paramedic Workforce and Survival Rate in Prehospital Advanced Life Support in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients
Authors: Han Kichan , Jo You Hwan , Jin Kim Yu , Park Seung Min , Keon Lee Dong , Kim Dong Won , Ja Lee Kui , Ju Choi Hyo , Jang Dong-Hyun
Published: March 2022

The low survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients is a global public health challenge. We analyzed the relationship between the number of prehospital EMS personnel and survival admission, survival discharge, and good neurologic outcomes in OHCA patients. This was a retrospective observational study. Adult nontraumatic OHCA patients from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2018, were included from 12 cities in the Gyeonggi province, a metropolitan area located in the suburbs of the capital of the Republic of Korea. By comparing the insufficient EMS team (four or five EMS personnel) and the sufficient EMS team (six EMS personnel), we showed the survival rate of each group. Using propensity score matching, we reduced the bias of the confounding variables. A total of 3,632 OHCA patients were included. After propensity score matching, survival to admission was higher in the sufficient EMS team than in the insufficient EMS team (odds ratio (OR): 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.84,

P
=
0.03

). Survival-to-discharge was similar (OR: 1.70, CI: 1.20–2.40,

P
=
0.03

), but there was no significant outcome in good neurologic outcomes (OR: 0.88, CI: 0.57–1.36,

P
=
0.58

). Our findings suggest that a sufficient EMS team (six EMS personnel) could improve the survival admission and discharge of OHCA patients compared to an insufficient EMS team (four or five EMS personnel). However, there was no significant difference in neurologic outcomes according to the number of EMS personnel.
Pathophysiologic and Pharmacologic Considerations to Improve the Design and Application of Antibody–Drug Conjugates
Authors: Boghaert Erwin R. , Cox Megan C. , Vaidya Kedar S.
Published: March 2022

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) have emerged as one of the pillars of clinical disease management in oncology. The biggest hurdle to widespread development and application of ADCs has been a narrow therapeutic index. Advances in antibody technologies and formats as well as novel linker and payload chemistries have begun to facilitate structural improvements to ADCs. However, the interplay of structural characteristics with physiologic and pharmacologic factors determining therapeutic success has garnered less attention. This review elaborates on the pharmacology of ADCs, the pathophysiology of cancerous tissues, and the reciprocal consequences on ADC properties and functions. While most currently approved ADCs utilize either microtubule inhibition or DNA damage as primary mechanisms of action, we present arguments to expand this repertoire and highlight the need for payload mechanisms that exploit disease-specific vulnerabilities. We promote the idea that the choice of antibody format, targeting antigen, linker properties, and payload of an ADC should be deliberately fit for purpose by taking the pathophysiology of disease and the specific pharmacology of the drug entity into account, thus allowing a higher probability of clinical success.
The Effect and Mechanism of Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass to Treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Rat Model
Authors: Chen Xuan , Zhang Qiang , Yang QingQiang , Huang Zhen , Liao Gang , Wang ZiWei
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Bariatric surgery can treat obesity and T2DM, but the specific mechanism is unknown. This study investigated the effect and possible mechanism of duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) to treat T2DM. Methods: A T2DM rat model was established using a high-fat, high-sugar diet and a low dose of streptozotocin. DJB surgery and a sham operation (SO) were performed to analyze the effects on glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and inflammation changes. Furthermore, the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the ileum and the markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the pancreas were examined after the surgery. The insulinoma cells (INS-1) were divided into three groups; group A was cultured with a normal sugar content (11.1 mmol/L), group B was cultured with fluctuating high glucose (11.1 mmol/L alternating with 33.3 mmol/L), and group C was cultured with fluctuating high glucose and exendin-4 (100 nmol/L). The cells were continuously cultured for 7 days in complete culture medium. The viability of the INS-1 cells was then investigated using the MTT method, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the ERS markers were detected by Western blot. Results: The blood glucose, lipids, insulin, and TNF-α were significantly elevated in the T2DM model. A gradual recovery was observed in the DJB group. GLP-1 expression in the distal ileum of the DJB group was significantly higher than that in the T2DM control group (DM) and the SO group (p < 0.05), and the markers of ERS expression in the pancreases of the DJB group decreased significantly more than those of groups DM and SO (p < 0.05). Compared with group A, the cell viability in group B was decreased, and the ERS and apoptosis were increased (p < 0.05). However, compared with group B, the cell viability in group C was improved, and the ERS and apoptosis declined (p < 0.05). Conclusions: DJB can be used to treat T2DM in T2DM rats. The mechanism may be that the DJB stimulates the increased expression of GLP-1 on the far side of the ileum, and then, GLP-1 inhibits ERS in the pancreas, reducing the apoptosis of β cells to create a treatment effect in the T2DM rats.
Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer in Association with Crohn’s Disease and Lynch Syndrome: The Importance of a Strict Endoscopic Surveillance
Authors: Hahn Gustavo Drügg , Wetwittayakhlang Panu , Afif Waqqas , Bessissow Talat , Lakatos Peter L.
Published: March 2022

Crohn’s disease (CD) and Lynch syndrome (LS) are two different entities, yet both are associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We present the case of a young female patient in long-standing remission of her ileocolonic luminal CD, and a family history of LS on a regular short interval (every 2 years) colonoscopy surveillance. Despite normal blood tests, fecal calprotectin, and ileocolonoscopy, her last colonoscopy showed an approximately 1.3–1.5 cm polyp in the cecum and mild UC-like colitis in the ascending colon. Histology confirmed the presence of a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (T2N0M0) with loss of PSM2 expression at immunohistochemistry, in line with a hereditary nonpolypoid CRC associated origin. Laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis was offered as the treatment of choice, which revealed a 2.4 cm exophytic ulcerated lesion and pathology confirmed invasive moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (pT2N0M0). Patient will remain on close endoscopic surveillance for the rectum. Our case highlights the importance of a strict endoscopic surveillance in patients with long-standing CD colitis, especially in patients with additional risk factors. The aim of this article was to highlight the importance of a strict endoscopic surveillance in CD in association with LS regarding a higher risk of CRC, which mandates the adaptation of the endoscopic surveillance intervals as well as the surgical approach and postoperative management/surveillance.
A Case of Recurrent Fungal Keratitis Post-Amniotic Membrane Transplantation for Corneal Perforation
Authors: Soda Rina , Fukuoka Hideki , Sotozono Chie
Published: March 2022

Here, we report a rare case of recurrent fungal keratitis (FK) post-amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) for corneal perforation. A 75-year-old female who had undergone systemic 15 mg prednisolone administration for interstitial pneumonia developed FK in her left eye following treatment for herpetic epithelial keratitis at another clinic. The FK was effectively cured via an oral and local antifungal treatment. However, 1 year later, FK recurred in her left eye, and she was subsequently referred to our hospital since fungal infection had penetrated deep into the cornea. Upon examination, her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 OD and hand motion OS. Slit-lamp examination revealed infiltration of corneal ulcers and posterior corneal deposits in her left eye, so she was treated with 0.1% miconazole eye drops in addition to oral miconazole and 1% pimaricin ointment. However, corneal perforation occurred 1 week later, so debridement and AMT were performed, which resulted in a successful outcome. At the 4-month postoperative period, the antifungal eye-drop treatment was discontinued due to no clinical signs of infection with scar formation. However, at the 6-month postoperative period, increased white deposits and the emergence of keratic precipitates were observed around the AMT graft. Recurrent FK was suspected, and anterior-chamber irrigation was performed. Immunostaining revealed a yeast-type fungus, and a cultivation test revealed Candida sp. Thus, penetrating keratoplasty was performed, and there has been no recurrence of FK for 1.5 years. In FK cases, AMT should be carefully considered for surgical indications, with strict follow-up in order to detect any possibility of FK recurrence.
Microbial Isolates and Association with Disease Severity and Quality of Life in Individuals with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: An Observational Study
Authors: Bailey Sarah Lou , Buckingham Christian , Maxwell-Scott Hector , Rashidghamat Ellie , Ferguson Felicity J. , Malhomme de la Roche Helena , Goldenberg Simon D.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts, resulting in scarring. Patients suffer significantly impacted quality of life (QoL), manifested by anxiety and depression. We describe microbial isolates identified from active sites in adults with HS, and explore associations between organisms isolated, disease severity, and QoL. Methods: Observational study over 2 years. Assessment was made of disease severity using the Hurley staging score and of QoL scores, and subjective assessment. Wound swab samples were obtained from sites of active disease. Descriptive summary statistics and tests of significance were used to analyse the data. Results: Two hundred and twelve patients participated, resulting in 352 episodes, and 501 lesion swab samples. 54% were female and 59% were obese, median age of 37 years. A lower proportion of Gram-negative organisms and more staphylococcal and streptococcal organisms were isolated from sites of disease in individuals with stage 3 disease compared to those with stage 1–2 disease (p = 0.001). We found no association between microbial isolation and QoL. Discussion/Conclusions: Hurley stage 3 disease is associated with more infected lesions than Hurley stage 1–2 disease, but the QoL experienced by patients with HS is determined by factors other than infection.
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Associated with Fibromuscular Dysplasia: A Case Report
Authors: Astrike-Davis Emma , Olson Daniel , Fleischman David
Published: March 2022

In this report, we detail a rare presentation of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in a patient with fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). A 45-year-old woman with a 12-year history of FMD presented to the ophthalmology clinic with symptoms and exam findings consistent with CRVO. Dilated fundus examination revealed disc edema, diffuse flame, and dot-blot hemorrhages, and tortuous, engorged retinal veins. The patient was diagnosed with CRVO, and she was treated with monthly anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody followed by a VEGF inhibitor. At her most recent follow-up, her macular edema was resolved and her visual acuity had markedly improved. FMD has been shown to rarely present with retinal manifestations, especially in patients with hypertension. This appears to be first case report to document CRVO in the context of known FMD. We suggest that CRVO be considered as a potential complication for young patients with FMD.
“That They also Might Be [One] in Us”
Authors: Croy N. Clayton
Published: March 2022

In John 17:20–21 Jesus prays for the unity of his followers, but the nature of that unity hinges on a textual variant. The text reads: “that they also might be in us.” The variant adds one word: “that they also might be one in us.” The manuscripts are closely divided. This decision must be made on internal evidence. If the number “one” is original, Jesus prays that his followers might enjoy unity with one another that is modeled after and/or enabled by the unity of the Son and Father. This is more in keeping with the immediate context and with Johannine theology in general. John’s Gospel repeatedly affirms the oneness of Jesus and his disciples, but it refrains from affirming the oneness of the Father and believers. The longer text yields the reading that was most likely original.
One and the Same?
Authors: Yoder Keith L.
Published: March 2022

Readers of John from Origen to the present have asked: is the Lazarus of John 11–12 wholly separate from the Lazarus of Luke 16, or are they, somehow, one and the same? Whence John’s Lazarus, however, cannot be answered without also asking When, How, and Why. When was the story composed relative to the contiguous text? How is it interwoven with the rest of John? Whence came this otherwise unknown brother of Mary and Martha? Why is his story here at this turn in the Fourth Gospel? The interpretation of John’s Lazarus narrative has languished in virtual stalemate for some time. This study aims to bring new evidence to the table, to gain a fresh perspective on the composition of that story and its relationship to Luke 16, in the context of a carefully constructed array of network connections with earlier and later texts in John.
The Continuative Relative Clause in the Greek New Testament
Authors: du Toit Herman C.
Published: March 2022

A scrutiny of the literature on the continuative relative clause (CRC) in the Greek New Testament indicated that several of its characteristics are not discussed, or in need of further examination. Drawing on insights in general linguistics, as well as literature on the relative clause in modern languages, a number of characteristics of the CRC are discussed in this article. These include the CRC’s characteristics as a member of the appositive group of relative clauses; the internal structure of the CRC’s antecedent; the position of the CRC vis-à-vis its antecedent; the CRC’s function to increase coherence within a sentence and paragraph; and the CRC’s function to denote foreground in narrative discourse.
EU- China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment – A Rebalancing of Investment Relations
Authors: O’Reilly Ronan
Published: March 2022

The EU- China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment represents a significant milestone in the trading and investment relationship of two of the world’s largest economies. This article examines the key provisions of the agreement in principle and the changes they would bring for EU investors and foreign direct investment flows. Additionally, this article analyses the gaps in the agreement and seeks to shed some light on the possible future direction of travel in the areas of investment protection and investor- state dispute settlement. It also assesses whether the provisions on sustainability actually advance the EU’s value- based trade agenda.
UNCITRAL Working Group III and Multilateral Investment Court – Troubled Waters for EU Normative Power
Authors: Svoboda Ondřej
Published: March 2022

This article analyses the European Union (EU)’s and its Member States’ activities in the multilateral reform of investors- state dispute settlement (ISDS) in the early stages of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) discussions with the ultimate goal of the establishment of a multilateral investment court. First, the article explains the EU’s approach to the reform and its ambitious proposal of a standing investment court. Then, it demonstrates how difficult it turned out to be for the EU to promote the reform proposal in multilateral negotiations at the UNCITRAL. Finally, the article explores how the EU employs several means, including internal mobilisation, or engagement of other stakeholders, in order to ensure that work of the UNCITRAL continues in a direction of systemic reform of ISDS. In conclusion, it offers a view of how the EU normative ambitions play out in the context of different approaches of third countries and how legal factors complement its political preferences.
Here Comes Doomsday … Or Does It? – Implications of Achmea on Intra-EU Investment Arbitration in Light of Recent Case Law
Authors: Anderle Marek , Leontiev Andrej
Published: March 2022

This article follows recent developments in the intra- EU investment arbitration case-law after the publication of the CJEU’s judgment in Slovak Republic v Achmea BV (Achmea judgment) and the subsequent signing of the so-called ‘Achmea declarations’ on 15 and 16 January 2019 and the Agreement for the Termination of Bilateral Investment Treaties Between the EU Member States on 5 May 2020 (Termination Agreement). Although the decisions of investment tribunals analysed in this article show that all tribunals uniformly dismissed the jurisdictional objection of the respondent States based on the cjeu’s conclusions in the Achmea judgment, this article explores the very different reasons adopted by the tribunals when doing so, and the potential challenges ahead, especially once the Termination Agreement enters into ‘full’ force. Based on different approaches taken by the tribunals with regard to the applicability of the Achmea judgment, this article addresses its implications separately for ect arbitrations, icsid arbitrations and bit arbitrations, while drawing attention to the important similarities and differences between the decisions.
Why Are Wrongful Acts Committed by Rebels during a Civil War Attributable to the State When They Are Successful? – A Critical Analysis of Theory and Practice
Authors: Dumberry Patrick
Published: March 2022

Based on an analysis of State practice and case law, this article examines the theoretical justifications which have been put forward by scholars, the ILC and international tribunals to explain why, under Article 10 of the ILC Articles on State responsibility, the wrongful acts committed by rebels during an insurrection or a civil war are attributable to the State once they are victorious and have replaced the government. It will show that while the ILC ultimately relied on the existence of a ‘continuity’ between the insurgents and the new government, the vast majority of awards have referred instead to a number of other (less convincing) justifications, such as the fact that insurgents were during the rebellion exercising their authority as a ‘de facto government’ or that their victory represented the ‘national will’ of the people. The theoretical rationale behind the well-established principle under Article 10 is therefore not as solid as one would have thought. These findings are relevant to investment tribunals having to address in an increasing number of cases questions of State responsibility and attribution arising from rebels’ conduct in situations of civil wars.
Article 26(7) of the Energy Charter Treaty – An Analysis into Its Inadequacies and a Proposal for Potential Remedies
Authors: Shiralkar Yash
Published: March 2022

This article analyses Article 26(7) of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT), a provision granting domestic entities standing against their home States if they were under foreign control prior to the occurrence of the dispute. It will first delve into the potential lapses in the provision’s requirements owing to its unique drafting. It will then highlight additional discrepancies in the phrasing of the provision that leads to it being ultimately without effect, despite its requirements being met. It finally contemplates possible amendments of Article 26(7) of the ECT, such that it may serve its underlying purpose.
Raiffeisen Bank International AG V Croatia, ICSID Case No arb/17/34
Authors: Chaisse Julien , Solanki Arjun
Published: March 2022

In September 2020, an ICSID tribunal rendered its decision on the Respondent’s Jurisdictional Objections in Raiffeisen v Croatia, two years after the ICSID Chairman of the Administrative Council rejected Croatia’s application to disqualify Dr. Stanimir Alexandrov as a member of the tribunal. The decision on the Respondent’s Jurisdictional Objections concerns the interpretation of the Austria- Croatia bit and its compatibility with the EU acquis. This case- note addresses both the decision on the Respondent’s Jurisdictional Objections and the Chairman of the Administrative Council’s decision on the proposed disqualification of Dr. Alexandrov. In so doing, it focuses on three key issues: the selection and conduct of the arbitrator that gave rise to disqualification, and the role played by ICSID in the process; the interrelation between investment treaties, EU Law, and EU Member States; and the implementation of the vclt for termination of treaties covering similar subject matter.
The Renewed Role of States in Investment Arbitration – Report of the 6th EFILA Annual Conference 2021
Authors: Robach Malcolm , Hristova Velislava
Published: March 2022

The 6th EFILA Annual Conference dedicated to “The Renewed Role of States in Arbitration” was hosted virtually by Herbert Smith Freehills on 14 and 15 January 2021. The first panel kicked off the Conference by discussing “The Renewed role of States in Arbitration”. This was followed by a keynote speech by Prof. Gary Born on the “Multilateral Investment Court”. The second panel then debated the points raised by the keynote. The second day of the Conference began with a panel on the “Toolbox of States against Claimants” and was followed by a panel on “Best Practices for Defending Investor-State Damage Claims on Quantum”. This report provides an overview of each of the panel discussions as well as the keynote speech. The 6th EFILA Annual Conference, which took place online on 14 and 15 January 2021, was devoted to the theme “The Renewed Role of States in Arbitration”. The Conference was introduced by Prof. Loukas Mistelis (Queen Mary University of London and EFILA). In his opening remarks, Prof. Mistelis observed that a debate on the legitimacy of investment arbitration has developed in the past 15 years. He noted that States are progressively seeking to regain the primary role in the investment law-making and dispute resolution processes, and EFILA is attentive to this trend.
How to Enforce the Achmea Judgment – Tools for EU Member States before, during and after Investment Arbitration Proceedings Brought by an Investor from Another EU Member State
Authors: Rusche Tim Maxian
Published: March 2022

Arbitration tribunals, in particular those established under the ICSID Convention, refuse to adhere to the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Achmea. Are EU Member States at their mercy? So goes the story presented at conferences and roadshows, as well as in academic publications, which often point to the special protection that ICSID awards enjoy pursuant to Articles 53 and 54 of the ICSID Convention (this element is also often recalled by ICSID tribunals in awards in reaction to arguments based on Union law, in particular the unenforceability of intra-EU awards). This article sets out effective weapons that EU Member States may deploy prior to, during, and after the arbitration procedure, in order to enforce effectively the judgment in Achmea.
Laying the Groundwork, Transforming the University: An Origin Story of a Latinx Mentoring Program at a Predominantly White Institution
Authors: Marx Dea , Torres Theresa , Maher Michelle
Published: March 2022

In this case study, we use two complementary frameworks, Kotter's (1996, 2014) change model and Torres’ (2019, 2021) Transformational Resistant Leadership theory, to analyze institutional change processes and activist leaders’ actions that laid the groundwork for a Latinx mentoring program at a Predominantly white 1 Institution (PwI). Our investigation revealed the importance of critically analyzing societal forces, recognizing causes of systemic institutional change, and theoretically grounding insights of successful efforts to disrupt systemic racism. Our study offers a guide for PwIs and illustrates how faculty, administrators, and communities of color collaboratively engage to enact institutional change.