bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dimensiones culturales del concepto pie diabético en personas con diabetes mellitus y en estudiantes de medicina mexicanos
Authors: Orozco-Covarrubias Víctor Horacio , Orozco-Covarrubias José Rafael , Aguilera-Velasco María  de  los  Ángeles , Cabrera-Piva-ral Carlos  Enrique , Torres-López Teresa , Romero-Lozano Diana Coré , López-Corona Adolfo
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Analizar las dimensiones culturales del concepto pie diabético en personas con diabetes mellitus y en estudiantes de medicina. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo exploratorio con base en los fundamentos de la antropología cognitiva y la teoría del consenso cultural. Participaron 40 personas (20 personas con diabetes y 20 estudiantes de medicina de séptimo semestre). El estudio se realizó en Guadalajara México, en un hospital de segundo nivel, en los primeros tres meses del año 2019. Se utilizaron listados libres y pile sort para identificar el contenido y la organización de las dimensiones. En el caso de los valores agregados, las matrices fueron analizadas mediante conglomerados jerárquicos. En el caso de los valores individuales, las matrices fueron analizadas mediante un modelo de consenso cultural. Resultados: Para las personas con diabetes el concepto de pie diabético se conformó: por las dimensiones de consecuencias y prevención. Para los estudiantes de medicina el concepto de pie diabético se conformó por las dimensiones: consecuencias y complicaciones. Se encontró consenso cultural en ambos grupos (Razón F1:F2, personas con diabetes: 3.14; estudiantes de medicina: 6.73). Las dimensiones tuvieron valores de ajuste adecuados: stress 0.21 en las personas con diabetes y 0.13 en los estudiantes. Conclusiones: Gracias a los resultados y acercamiento hacía ambos grupos, se pudieron reconocer elementos claves para la futura aplicación de programas de prevención para la salud, y una atención más integral para las personas con diabetes mellitus.
Semiotics, language, and law: the linguistic turn in Western jurisprudence
Authors: He Huanhuan , Dong Xiaobo
Published: February 2022

In the latter half of the 20th century, with the development of philosophy studies, Western jurisprudence also witnessed a linguistic turn in its field. A series of academic schools appeared consecutively, such as the school of semantic analysis, the school of new rhetoric, the school of legal interpretation, and the school of structural semiotics. Their analytical paradigms, which were skeptical of the views of legal languages in traditional theories of jurisprudence, are interdisciplinary and multidimensional in nature and characteristics. Normally, there are three methods used in the linguistic turn of Western jurisprudence, that is, the method of symbolic restoration, the method of structural and functional analysis, and the method of legal hermeneutics. Promoted by the linguistic turn, two traditions of legal semiotics also developed. One is the legal theory based on Greimasian semiotics, and the other is based on Peircean semiotics. The linguistic turn in jurisprudence still represents a breakthrough and innovation in the paradigm of legal theoretical studies, as it leads to a re-examination of language, which is no longer treated as a tool but as a philosophical afterthought in relation to the human being.
The Export Strategy and SMEs Employment Resilience During Slump Periods
Authors: Aparicio-Pérez Daniel , Calatayud Carolina , Rochina-Barrachina María E.
Published: February 2022

The Spanish economy was the most hit by the Great Recession. It suffered a greater decrease in the gross domestic product (GDP) (affecting especially internal demand). However, it suffered a greater increase in exports (the so-called Spanish “miracle”). Particularly, Spanish SMEs incorporation into exports has been spectacular since 2008. Further, this has coincided with a huge increase in unemployment. Therefore, our main objective is to investigate the moderating role of exports in job destruction associated with recessive contexts of domestic demand using Spanish manufacturing SMEs as a case study. We obtain for SMEs that export participation helps compensate for the decrease in the number of workers generated by a (domestic) downturn, also increasing their survival. Otherwise, SMEs’ survival is negatively affected by financial constraints, production costs, and a recessive demand. This compensatory effect of exports on employment works in favor of permanent workers, meaning that the ratio of permanent to temporary workers may increase for SMEs during recessive periods. Finally, we provide evidence that supports that participation of SMEs in exports is also due to a reaction to the fall in the domestic demand (the so-called “venting out” hypothesis) and, mainly, that this occurs for firms with high utilization of its productive capacity.
Synthesis and properties of tetrazole-containing polyelectrolytes based on chitosan, starch, and arabinogalactan
Authors: Pokatilov Fedor A. , Akamova Helen V. , Kizhnyaev Valery N.
Published: February 2022

The synthesis of tetrazole-containing derivatives of chitosan, starch, and arabinogalactan was carried out by a sequence of reactions including cyanoethylation of polysaccharides and subsequent azidation of cyanoethyl derivatives. The reaction of cyanoethylation of polysaccharides with acrylonitrile proceeds in the temperature range 40–60°C in the presence of NaOH. The transformation of nitrile groups into tetrazole rings (azidation) of cyanoethylated polysaccharide derivatives was carried out with a mixture of sodium azide with ammonium chloride in DMF at 105°C. The reaction with the participation of derivatives of starch and arabinogalactan is characterized by the degree of conversion of nitrile groups into tetrazole rings, which is close to the maximum. The introduction of unsubstituted tetrazole rings into the structure of polysaccharides of acidic N–H substantially changes some of their properties. Like other carbo- and hetero-chain polymers containing N–H unsubstituted tetrazole rings in the structure, tetrazolated polysaccharides exhibit the properties of acidic polyelectrolytes. Tetrazole-containing derivatives of chitosan exhibit the properties of polyampholytes. The presence of tetrazole rings in the structure of modified polysaccharides allows the reaction with epoxy compounds to yield network polymers capable of limited swelling in aqueous media with the formation of polyelectrolyte hydrogels.
Bruchmechanische Nachweise zur Stahlgütewahl für moderne Feinkornbaustähle
Authors: Langenberg P. , Dahl W.
Published: February 2022

Niedriglegierte Qualitätsstähle mit hoher bis höchster Festigkeit bis 1100 MPa und sehr guter Zähigkeit und Schweißeignung sind heute verfügbar. Für Schweißkonstruktionen im Stahlbau, im Druckbehälterbau, für Pipelines, Schiffe und Ölbohrplattformen können diese Stähle wirtschaftlich eingesetzt werden, wenn die Sprödbruchsicherheit gewährleistet ist. Die bisher gültigen, meist empirischen Berechnungsmethoden zur Sprödbruchsicherheit behindern jedoch den Einsatz dieser modernen Stähle. Im Zuge der Harmonisierung von europäischen Bemessungsnormen wurden daher bruchmechanische Sicherheitsnachweise eingeführt. Der Anhang C des Eurocode 3 (Stahlbau) und der Anhang D der prEN 13445 (Druckbehälter) sind Beispiele der erfolgreichen Anpassung bruchmechanischer Sicherheitskonzepte für den Sprödbruchsicherheitsnachweis.

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse dieser Entwicklung vergleichend gegenübergestellt.
Dehnratenabhängige Beschreibung der Fließkurven für erhoöhte Temperaturen
Authors: El-Magd Essam , Treppmann Christoph
Published: February 2022

Die kontinuierliche Beschreibung des Werkstoffverhaltens in großen Bereichen der Dehngeschwindigkeit (10–3–104 s–1) bei gleichzeitig hohen Temperaturen erfordert die Kombination verschiedener Formulierungen für die unterschiedlichen physikalischen Vorgänge während der Verformung. Im Bereich hoher Temperaturen bei gleichzeitig niedrigen Dehnraten sind Kriechprozesse maßgeblich, für den Bereich erhöhter Dehnraten (< 103 s–1) bei niedrigeren Temperaturen findet plastisches Fließen statt. Im dynamischen Bereich (>103 s–1) kann linear viskoses Werkstoffverhalten angenommen werden. Der Übergang zwischen diesen Prozessen wird mit Hilfe einer kontinuierlichen Funktion beschrieben. Anhand von Fließkurven an AA7075, Ck45N und TiA16V4, die bei Dehnraten von 10–3–104 s–1 und Temperaturen von Raumtemperatur bis zu 900 °C ermittelt wurden, wird eine neue Beschreibung verifiziert, die diese drei Verformungsmechanismen in einer kombinierten Formulierung berücksichtigt.
Preparation of Ca-α-sialon Ceramics with Compositions along the Si3N4-1/2 Ca3N2:3AIN Line
Authors: Xie Rong-Jun , Mitomo Mamoru , Mitomo Mamoru , Xu Fang-Fang , Uheda Kyouta , Bando Yoshio
Published: February 2022

Starting from a powder mixture of α-Si3N4, A1N and Ca3N2, calcium α-sialon ceramics with extensive compositions on the line of Si3N4 – l/2Ca3N2 : 3A1N (with a nominal composition of Ca
m/2Si12
–

m
Al
m
N16) ranged from m = 0.5 up to m = 6.0 were hot pressed at 1700 °C for 1 h under 20 MPa. The sintering behavior of the sample was found to be significantly composition-dependent, and full densification was achieved for all compositions. The solubility of Ca2+ in the present α-sialon was defined in the range of 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.7, which was wider than that in the Ca-α-sialon prepared from CaO. The single-phase samples revealed a similar microstructure comprising the matrix α-sialon grains and a grain boundary phase as the usual α-sialons. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis showed that 70 – 85 % Ca2+ ions entered the α-sialon structure accompanying the Si substitution by Al.
SiC–Si3N4Nanocomposite Prepared by the Addition of SiO2+ C
Authors: Šajgalík P. , Hnatko M. , Lenčéš Z. , Warbichler P. , Hofer F.
Published: February 2022

Paper deals with the low cost route of the preparation of SiC/Si3N4nanocomposite. It is shown that SiC nanoinclusions distributed within the Si3N4matrix can be produced by carbothermal reduction of fine SiO2particles added into a starting mixture. The amount of SiC nanoinclusions can be adjusted by the appropriate amount of SiO2+ C additives. Almost full density of the final composite was achieved by hot-pressing at 1750 °C using a “special” heating regime allowing the outgasing of CO as a product of carbothermal reduction.
Evolution of the Microstructure during Hot Working of Gamma-Based TiAl Alloys
Authors: Brossmann U. , Oehring M. , Lorenz U. , Appel F. , Clemens H.
Published: February 2022

Cast products of two-phase titanium aluminides suffer from microsegregation of the alloying elements, which arises from the peritectic solidification pathway. The resulting variation in composition and microstructure occurs on a length scale in the range of 1 mm and, thus, cannot be tolerated for the anticipated applications of the materials. A significant structural and chemical consolidation can be achieved by homogenization and hot-working procedures, however, the processing experience is limited. This problem is addressed in the present paper in that the evolution of the microstructure of two-phase alloys after different stages of wrought processing is characterized by structural and chemical microanalysis involving scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The investigations involve different two-phase alloys in order to assess the effects of ternary and higher alloying elements on the finally obtained microstructure.
Temperature dependence of Young’s Modulus of alumina short fiber reinforced Zn–Al MMCs produced by pressure die-casting
Authors: Kurnaz S. C. , Durman M.
Published: February 2022

Conventional pressure die-casting was used to produce δ-Al2O3 (Saffil) short fiber reinforced Zn–Al based metal matrix composites, containing 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 vol.% fibers. The temperature dependence of the elasticity modulus of the composites and the matrix material were measured at temperatures from 20 to 200 °C, at 20 °C intervals. It was found that the modulus of elasticity of the composites gradually increased with increasing fiber volume, but decreased with increasing temperature. The rate of change in both, however, differed depending on the fiber volume content of the composites in such a manner that the higher the volume content of fibers the lower the rates of decrease in the modulus of elasticity values with increasing fiber volume and temperature. In addition, the data obtained from the Young’s modulus measurements over the temperature range studied were compared with theoretical results predicted by the shear-lag and Nielsen–Chen models and found to be in a better agreement with those of the later model.
Phases and phase equilibria in the Fe–Al–Zr system
Authors: Stein F. , Sauthoff G. , Palm M.
Published: February 2022

Isothermal sections at 800, 1000, and 1150 °C as well as a tentative partial liquidus surface of the ternary Fe–Al–Zr system were established by means of electron-probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and light-optical as well as scanning electron microscopy. The most prominent features of the ternary phase diagram are the extended homogeneity ranges of the Laves phases. By continuous substitution of Fe by Al, the structure changes three times starting from the cubic C15 structure of Fe2Zr to hexagonal C14 (λ1) back to cubic C15 (λ2) and again to hexagonal C14 (Al2Zr). The various Laves phase fields are separated by very small two-phase fields. Besides the Laves phases λ1and λ2, three more ternary intermetallic phases were found, whose homogeneity ranges have been determined for the first time. In addition, new results concerning the homogeneity ranges of intermetallic phases in the binary subsystems Fe–Al and Al–Zr are reported. The solubilities of the third components in the binary phases are found to be generally very low with the exception of the Laves phases. As a consequence, extended two-phase fields between the Fe(Al) solid solution and Laves phase or between Fe(Al) solid solution and the ternary ThMn12-type phase τ1are formed.
Mechanical properties of NiAl–Cr alloys in relation to microstructure and atomic defects
Authors: Rablbauer Ralf , Fischer Rainer , Frommeyer Georg
Published: February 2022

The quasi-binary eutectic NiAl–Cr of the ternary Ni–Al–Cr system is composed of B2 type NiAl(Cr) solid solutions and the b.c.c. transition metal chromium as second phase. This constitution enables a systematic alloy design in dependence on the Cr content for improving elastic stiffness, high temperature strength, creep resistance, and fracture toughness of intermetallic NiAl. Elasticity and mechanical properties of NiAl(Cr) reinforced by nano-sized Cr particles or quasi-continuous Cr fibres of several microns in diameter are presented and discussed in respect to single phase NiAl and literature data. The microstructural characterization and discussion of mechanical properties of NiAl–Cr alloys are supplemented by atom probe field ion microscopy analysis (APFIM). APFIM was used to determine the atomic defect structures, the Cr site preference and reveals Cr segregations at antiphase boundaries.
Influence of surface defects and edge geometry on the bending strength of slip-cast ZrO2 micro-specimens
Authors: Gronych D. , Auhorn M. , Beck T. , Schulze V. , Löhe D.
Published: February 2022

Bending tests on slip-cast ceramic micro-specimens made of Y2O3-stabilised ZrO2 of the dimensions 0.2 × 0.2 × 1.2 mm3 were performed. Despite nominally identical feedstock make-up as well as identical parameters for slip-casting, debinding and sintering, the bending strengths of three process batches scatter between 1400 and 3400 MPa. As reasons for the scattering of the mechanical properties, surface defects and differently sized edge radii were determined. Correlations between surface roughness, edge radius and bending strength of the micro-specimens are presented. Additionally, the validity of the Weibull size effect could be confirmed with micro-specimens that have relatively smooth surfaces (peak-to-valley heights Rt between 0.5 and 1.5 μm) and relatively large edge radii (between 11 and 18 μm).
Formation volume of atomic vacancies in body-centred cubic metals
Authors: Kurita Nobuaki , Numakura Hiroshi
Published: February 2022

The formation volume of an atomic vacancy has been calculated by molecular statics simulation by the method originally proposed by Johnson and Brown (1962) for some transition metals of the body-centred cubic structure using several interatomic potentials. The values obtained are in satisfactory agreement with the analytic approximations proposed by Maysenhölder (1986). The formation volume is found to be correlated with Poisson’s ratio of the host crystal.
Crack-tip residual stresses and crack propagation in cyclically-loaded specimens under different loading modes
Authors: Jägg Stefan , Scholtes Berthold
Published: February 2022

Residual stress distributions near crack tips in a finegrained low-alloyed steel (German Grade S690QL1) were measured by X-ray diffraction techniques after single and multistep loading sequences, using mode-I, mode-II, or mixed-mode loading parameters. The consequences of overload cycles applied under different loading modes on the residual stress distributions and crack propagation rates were analyzed. Characteristic examples are presented demonstrating the influences of loading modes, loading sequences as well as of amount of loading on the resulting crack tip residual stress fields. Crack retardation effects on mode-I crack propagation after overloads were observed, which were most pronounced for mode-I overloads and negligible for mode-II overloads.
Material-related fundamentals of cutting techniques for GaAs wafer manufacturing
Authors: Hammer Ralf , Bergner Frank , Flade Tilo , Jurisch Manfred , Kleinwechter André , Schaper Michael
Published: February 2022

Driven by the requirement of high cutting efficiency and improvement of wafer flatness, wire sawing of GaAs single crystals under brittle material removal conditions has been studied. Crack nucleation and crack propagation were investigated by indentation and scratching tests on polished {100}-oriented semi-insulating GaAs wafers. Based on these results a concept has been developed that allows to control the force balance in the cutting slits so that the deflection of the wires perpendicular to the cutting planes is minimal resulting in cuts of high flatness. The concept has been successfully introduced in mass production of GaAs wafers.
Determination of RuAl phase boundaries in binary Ru–Al phase diagram at room temperature and 1200 °C
Authors: Gobran H. A. , Heger D. , Mücklich F.
Published: February 2022

Binary Ru–Al alloys with nominal compositions from 29.39 at.% Al up to 60.47 at.% Al were manufactured by powder-metallurgy processing. Single-phase RuAl with a homogeneous microstructure was prepared which is difficult to achieve by melting metallurgy. The microstructure and lattice parameters of the alloys were investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The parametric method was employed to determine the RuAl phase boundaries. Single-phase RuAl was found to exist from near-stoichiometry up to 53.8 at.% Al at room temperature and up to 54.5 at.% Al at 1200 °C, respectively. In addition, the phase Ru2Al3 was found to be stable at room temperature and to have a very narrow range of stoichiometry.
Combining complementary techniques to study precipitates in steels
Authors: Bischof Michael , Erlach Stefan , Staron Peter , Leitner Harald , Clemens Helmut , Scheu Christina
Published: February 2022

Understanding the precipitation reactions is of vital importance for the development of advanced steels. A comprehensive characterization of all phases, however, is still demanding in these complex materials. Transmission electron microscopy is widely used, but the prevailing ferromagnetism makes the analysis of small precipitates difficult. Furthermore, the investigated specimen volume is small, making statistically relevant findings time-consuming. Therefore, in our study, transmission electron microscopy measurements are complemented by small-angle neutron scattering and atom-probe field ion microscopy. These methods were used to characterize the precipitates in a model steel which hardens by secondary hardening carbides and an intermetallic NiAl-based phase. Assets and drawbacks of each method are discussed and it will be shown that an appropriate combination of the differently obtained findings leads to a detailed description of the precipitation behavior.
Precipitation hardening in Mg–Zn–Sn alloys with minor additions of Ca and Si
Authors: Cohen S. , Goren-Muginstein G. , Avraham S. , Rashkova B. , Dehm G. , Bamberger M.
Published: February 2022

Al-free Mg–Zn alloys with alternative alloying elements were investigated in order to form Mg–Zn-based alloys with improved thermal stability. Based on thermodynamic calculations, Zn and Sn additives are expected to form stable intermetallic phases with Mg and cause precipitation hardening. An Mg alloy containing 4.5 wt.% Zn and 3.8 wt.% Sn was examined in detail and subsequently alloyed with Ca and Si, in order to promote additional precipitation. The as-cast microstructure and its stability during exposure to elevated temperatures were investigated. Precipitation hardening was investigated in the temperature range of 175 – 250 °C by Vickers hardness measurements and analysis of the microstructure evolution, using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques. During aging at 175 °C for 1 to 96 h, two hardness maxima were observed: the first after 2 h, and the second after 16 h. The occurrence of two hardness peaks can be related to a precipitation sequence. Firstly, MgZn2precipitates form, and secondly Mg2Sn. The results indicate that the precipitation mechanism is most likely diffusion-controlled. The precipitates are uniformly distributed in the Mg matrix with two morphologies: needle- and plate-like shapes. The addition of Si and Ca did not result in the expected effect on the precipitation behavior.
Locally Grounded Practices, Global Conversations
Authors: Muñoz Catalina
Published: February 2022

This text reflects on the author’s experience as part of the International Federation for Public History (IFPH) since 2015. In particular, it discusses what IFPH has meant for practitioners trying to leverage public history in service of social change in contexts of historical inequality and violence, and how it could potentially enhance its service even more. The text emphasizes how different local trajectories have resulted in different approaches to public history practice and makes an invitation to continue pushing for the de-centering and de-colonization of the field of public history by putting into question the academic limitations inherited from the epistemologies and trajectories of the Global North.
The crystal structure of 5,6-dichloro-2-(quinolin-8-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione, C17H8Cl2N2O2
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhu Hengmei , Cai Zhigang , Hu Jing , Shen Lili , Zhang Yali , Xu Xiaoping
Published: February 2022

C17H8Cl2N2O2, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.9032(2) Å, b = 9.0843(3) Å, c = 10.8051(2) Å, α = 85.2310(10)°, β = 85.0270(10)°, γ = 71.013(2)°, V = 729.54(3) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0417, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1051, T = 293(2) K.
Rethinking Death’s Sacredness: From Heraclitus’s frag. DK B62 to Robert Gardner’sDead Birds
Authors: Segovia Carlos A.
Published: February 2022

This article examines death’s symbolic rolevis-à-vislife in cross-cultural perspective. It surveys various ways of suppressing, nuancing, or minimising death’s effects and different ways of assuming its non-impasse through a cross-disciplinary lens that combines ethnographic inquiry, philosophical conceptualisation, and a secular, religious studies approach to the sacred. Zoroastrian and pre-Rabbinic Jewish views on the resurrection of the body, Gnostic and Neo-Gnostic takes on the immortality of the soul, and ancient-Greek, Hindu, and medieval Peripatetic claims about the continuity of life beyond death are thus brought into discussion and confronted with the Epicurean dismissal of death’s relevance for us. Additionally, drawing on Heraclitus’s frag. DK B62 and Robert Gardner’s fieldwork among the Dani of Papua New Guinea, I argue that assuming death as life’s sacred and non-negotiable limit need not entail resignation before it, be it untroubled or despaired. For while life outlives us, life itself would be nothing determinate if our finitude were not to contain it, which shows that death is life’s final condition of possibility; and when humans do not lose sight of their mortality, they tend to reaffirm their aliveness so as to stress life’s sacredness before death’s terrible presence, which proves that death is not only life’s limit, but also life’s antagonist. I conclude by making the point that differences as to the exact nature of death’s role in life affect our understanding of what life is: momentary joy, boundless renewal, or tragic gift.
Índice de área foliar en genotipos silvestres de Physalis spp. en función de dos sistemas de cultivo
Authors: Morales Rosales Edgar Jesús , González Salgado Beatriz , López Sandoval José Antonio , Morales Morales Edgar Javier
Published: February 2022

Existen especies de tomate de cáscara nativas de México que tienen potencial de producción y calidad para su explotación comercial. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el índice de área foliar y rendimiento de fruto de ocho genotipos de Physalis spp. en función de dos sistemas de cultivo: (1) en Toluca (invernadero) y (2) en Tenango del Valle y Zumpango (temporal), con la temperatura y lluvia ocurrida durante el ciclo agrícola de cada lugar, denominados temporal 1 y temporal 2, respectivamente. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar, con arreglo factorial y cuatro repeticiones. Se detectaron diferencias estadísticas significativas en los factores genotipos y sistema de cultivo en todas las variables. La interacción genotipo - sistema de cultivo fue significativa en la totalidad de los caracteres, excepto en el número de hojas y biomasa. Se concluyóque P. philadelphica bajo sistema de invernadero obtuvo el mejor rendimiento de fruto.
ENHANCEMENT OF GENERIC CODE CLONE DETECTION MODEL FOR PYTHON APPLICATION
Authors:   Faculty of Computing, College of Computing and Applied Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang Darul Makmur., Asmad Ilyana Najwa Aiza , Mubarak Ali Al-Fahim ,   Faculty of Computing, College of Computing and Applied Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Jailani Nik Intan Syahiddatul Ilani ,   Faculty of Computing, College of Computing and Applied Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang Darul Makmur.
Published: February 2022

Identical code fragments in different locations are recognized as code clones. There are four native terminologies of code clones concluded as Type-1, Type-2, Type-3 and Type-4. Code clones can be identified using various approaches and models. Generic Code Clone Detection (GCCD) model was created to detect all four terminologies of code clones through five processes. A prototype has been developed to detect code clones in Java programming language that starts with Pre-processing Transformation, Parameterization, Categorization and ends with the Match Detection process. Hence, this work targeted to enhance the prototype using a GCCD model to identify all clone types in Python language. Enhancements are done in the Pre-processing process and parameterization process of the GCCD model to fit the Python language criteria. Results are improved by finding the best constant value and suitable weightage according to Python language. Proposed enhancement results of the Python language clone detection in GCCD model imply that Public as the weightage indicator and def as the best constant value.
PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MIND MAP TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS KELAS VII DI SMP NEGERI 38 SEMARANG
Authors: Soleha Siti , Purnomo Arif , Nisa Aisyah Nur Sayidatun
Published: February 2022

This research was aimed to know the influence of mind map learning media to studentâ€™s learning outcomes on IPS subject in class VII, at SMP N38 Semarang.  This research used True Eksperimental Design employing Pretest-Posttest Control Group Desain. The population of this research wasstudents of class VII in SMP N 38 Semarang with the total number of 157 students. The sample of this research is  31 students of VII B as an experiment class and 31 students of VII C as a control class. The data collection used was test method and documentation. The result of the t-test analysis gained tcount =2,784 > ttabel=2,000 and the significant value gained was 0,007<0,05 so Ha is received. It  can be concluded that there was influence of mind map learning media to the studentâ€™s learning outcomes on IPS subject in class VII, SMP Negeri 38 Semarang.

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media pembelajaran Mind Map terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS kelas VII di SMP Negeri 38 Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan True Eksperimental Design dengan bentuk desain Pretest-Posttest Control Group Desain. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII di SMP Negeri 38 Semarang sebanyak 157 siswa. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 31 siswa kelas VII B sebagai kelas eksperimen dan 31 siswa kelas VII C sebagai kelas kontrol. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode tes dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil uji t, diketahui bahwa taraf signifikansi Î± = 0,05 dengan nilai t hitung = 2,784 > t tabel = 2,000 dan nilai signifikansi yang diperoleh yaitu 0,007 < 0,05 sehingga Ha diterima. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh media pembelajaran Mind Map terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS kelas VII di SMP Negeri 38 Semarang.
IMPLEMENTASI PENANAMAN NILAI KARAKTER DISIPLIN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI SMP NEGERI 1 BOJA KABUPATEN KENDAL
Authors: Gunawan Ali , . Tukidi , Mulianingsih Ferani
Published: February 2022

The character building in school which is conducted through the learning process to develop. Further, one of the character values â€‹â€‹is discipline. (1) the improvement of learning values â€‹â€‹in social science learning in SMP Negeri 1 Boja; (2) the obstacles which are experienced by the teachers who apply character value in SMP Negeri 1 Boja; (3) the way teachers overcome obstacles when applying the discipline character in the process of social science learning in SMP Negeri 1 Boja. The results of this study indicated that (1) the discipline character building â€‹â€‹in social science learning in SMP Negeri 1 Boja was integrated through learning tools, activities and evaluation; (2) the problem experienced by the teachers in applying the discipline character in social science learning was there were some students who spoke by their own in learning activity process; (3) the teacher's way to overcome the problem was by giving warning and question.

 

Penanaman pendidikan karakter di sekolah dilaksanakan melalaui proses pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan nilai-nilai karakter Salah satunya nilai karakter disiplin.Tujuan dari penelitian ini  (1) penanaman nilai karakter disiplin dalam proses pembelajaran IPS di SMP Negeri 1 Boja; (2) kendala yang dialami guru dalam menerapkan nilai karakter disiplin pada proses pembelajaran IPS di SMP Negeri 1 Boja; (3) cara guru dalam mengatasi kendala saat menerapakan nilai karakter disiplin pada proses pembelajaran IPS di SMP Negeri 1 Boja. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) penanaman nilai karakter disiplin dalam pembelajaran IPS di SMP Negeri 1 Boja diintegrasikan melalui perangkat pembelajaran, kegiatan pembelajaran dan evaluasi pembelajaran; (2) kendala yang dialami guru dalam menanamkan nilai karakter disiplin dala pembelajaran IPS adalah masih ada peserta didik yang berbicara sendiri ketika proses kegiatan pembelajaran; (3) cara guru dalam mengatasi kendala tersebut adalah menggunakan teguran halus dan diberikan pertanyaan.
Pemanfaatan Lingkungan sebagai Sumber Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS Kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Ambarawa
Authors: Fitriani Annisa Nur , Purnomo Arif , Ginanjar Asep
Published: February 2022

This research was aims to know about the effect of the utilization of environment as a learning resource on social science learning achievement of 7th grade in State Junior High School 2 Ambarawa. The method used was quantitative with quasi-experimental design. This research located in State Junior High School 2 Ambarawa. Sample are students from F class as a control class and students from G class as an experimental class. The data was acquired via test, observation and documentation. In order to proof the validity of the data was used validity test, reliability test, level of difficulty and level of the differentiation. The data were analyzed by using normality test, homogeneity test also paired sample t-test. The results of the research showed that the utilization of environment as a learning resource on 7th grade in State Junior High School 2 Ambarawa has affected the social science learning achievement. This fact was obtained after seeing the average of the experimental class at post-test which increase from 60 to 76.6 or 27.5% in percentage.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemanfaatan lingkungan sebagai sumber belajar terhadap hasil belajar IPS Kelas VII di SMP Negeri 2 Ambarawa. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan quasi eksperimen. Lokasi penelitian ini berada di SMP Negeri 2 Ambarawa. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu kelas VII F sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas VII G sebagai kelas eksperimen. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Guna menguji keabsahan data digunakan uji validitas dan reliabilitas juga mengukur daya beda serta tingkat kesukaran soal. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas, uji homogenitas dan uji paired sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan sumber belajar lingkungan pada mata pelajaran IPS Kelas VII di SMP Negeri 2 Ambarawa memilki pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar. Fakta ini di dapat setelah melihat nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen pada saat post-test mengalami kenaikan yang semula 60 naik menjadi 76,5 atau apabila dihitung dengan presentase naik sebesar 27,5%
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJAARAN IPS BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DI SMP NEGERI 2 JATINOM KABUPATEN KLATEN
Authors: Purnani Syarifah Niken , Mulianingsih Ferani
Published: February 2022

Teachers must be able to integrate local wisdom in the learning process to create contextual learning. This study aims to determine the learning of social science based on local wisdom, know the inculcation of local wisdom values in Social Studies learning and nalyze the constraints in learning social knowledge based on local wisdom in SMP N 2 Jatinom. This study used qualitative research methods. The results of the study show: (1) Social studies learning by utilizing local wisdom emphasizes the ability to use local wisdom potential. The planning, implementation and evaluation stages are inseparable from the use of local wisdom including legen, pasaran, merak temples, ya qowiyyu and durian festivals. (2) The value of local wisdom instilled in social studies learning in the form of ethical values, social values, and religious values, outside of learning is carried out through the school culture-based character building strengthening program. (3) The obstacles found by the teacher in learning are in the form of external and internal constraints.

Guru harus mampu mengintegrasikan kearifan lokal dalam proses pembelajaran agar tercipta pembelajaran yang kontesktual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pembelajaran IPS berbasis kearifan lokal, penanaman nilai kearifan lokal dalam pembelajaran IPS dan menganalisis kendala dalam pembelajaran IPS berbasis kearifan lokal pada SMP N 2 Jatinom. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Pembelajaran IPS dengan memanfaatkan kearifan lokal menekankan pada kemampuan pemanfaatan potensi kearifan lokal. Tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan maupun evaluasi tidak lepas dari pemanfaatan kearifan lokal meliputi pasar legen, pasaran, candi merak, ya qowiyyu dan festival durian. (2) Nilai kearifan lokal yang ditanamkan dalam pembelajaran IPS berupa nilai etika, nilai sosial, dan nilai religius, di luar pembelajaran dilakukan melalui program Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK) berbasis budaya sekolah. (3) Kendala yang ditemukan Guru dalam pembelajaran berupa kendala eksternal dan internal.
PERUBAHAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT DESA PUSEURJAYA KABUPATEN KARAWANG SEBAGAI DAMPAK PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN INDUSTRI
Authors: Ramadhani Kholisul Irfan , Nisa Aisyah Nur Sayidatun
Published: February 2022

Indonesia is a maritime country and there are many islands, cultures, races, tribes and various religions in Indonesia. There are 264 million people or 3.49% (of the total world population) of the population living in Indonesia. It is not uncommon for us Indonesians to hear the social changes that occur in our society because Indonesia is a multicultural and plural nation. from that the social changes of society will continue to occur in Indonesian society. This research focuses on: Socio-economic changes occurring in Puseurjaya Village. The results showed that there were socio-economic changes including public facilities, trading businesses, and types of work.

Indonesia merupakan negara maritim dan terdapat banyak pulau, kebudayaan, ras, suku, dan bermacam-macam agama di dalam Indonesia. Terdapat 264 juta jiwa atau 3,49% (dari total populasi dunia) penduduk yang tinggal di Indonesia, bukan hal yang aneh lagi ketika kita masyarakat Indonesia mendengar perubahan sosial masyarakat yang terjadi di lingkungan masyarakat kita karena bangsa Indonesia merupakan bangsa yang multikultural dan plural maka dari itu perubahan sosial masyarakat akan terus terjadi di dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Penelitian ini berfokus pada perubahan-perubahan sosial ekonomi yang terjadi di Desa Puseurjaya, hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat perubahan sosial ekonomi meliputi fasilitas umum, usaha perdagangan, dan jenis pekerjaan.
IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013 pada MATA PELAJARAN IPS KELAS VIII di SMP SEKECAMATAN GUNUNGPATI
Authors: Nurmeipan Reza , Hermanto Fredy
Published: February 2022

The teacher has a role in implementing the 2013 curriculum in social studies lessons in directing students to be active during learning. This study aims to determine the implementation of the 2013 curriculum in social science education class VIII in Junior High School, Gunungpati District, seen from the planning, implementation, evaluation development, supporting factors and inhibiting factors. The research method used is a qualitative method. The results showed that (1) the preparation of lesson plans that the teacher uses in the form of syllabus and lesson plans refers to the standard process. (2) The teacher implementation process uses the group discussion method and the scientific approach with a learning model according to the 2013 curriculum. (3) the evaluation of teacher learning designs an assessment instrument to assess the abilities of students in the realms of attitudes, knowledge and skills. (4) supporting factors include MGMP training which discusses learning tools, implementation and evaluation techniques. The inhibiting factor for teachers is still difficult to developtype learning HOTS in the realm of skills.

Guru memiliki peran mengimplementasikan kurikulum 2013 pada pelajaran IPS mengarahkan peserta didik untuk aktif saat pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi kurikulum 2013 pada mata pelajaran IPS kelas VIII di SMP Sekecamatan Gunungpati dilihat dari penyusunan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengembangan evaluasi, faktor pendukung serta faktor penghambat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) penyusunan perencanaan pembelajaran yang guru gunakan dalam bentuk silabus dan RPP mengacu pada standar proses. (2) proses pelaksanaan guru menggunakan metode diskusi kelompok dan pendekatan saintifik dengan model pembelajaran sesuai kurikulum 2013. (3) evaluasi pembelajaran guru merancang instrumen penilaian untuk menilai kemampuan peserta didik mencangkup ranah sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan. (4) faktor pendukung mengikutsertakan pelatihan MGMP membahas perangkatan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan dan teknik evaluaasi. Faktor penghambat guru masih sulit mengembangkan pembelajaran tipe HOTS pada ranah keterampilan.
STUDI KOMPARASI HASIL BELAJAR IPS DENGAN MENERAPKAN METODE ROLE PLAYING DAN METODE CERAMAH BERVARIASI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 2 JAKENAN KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Yulianto Lilik , . Tukidi
Published: February 2022

Based on the fact in the field that the students learning outcomes using a variety of lectruring methods on social science learning proces are not yet completely succes. The aim of this research is to know the students learning aoutcomes comparation between role playing method and lecturing methods on social science learning proces of first grade students of junior high school 2 Jakenan Pati. The result of this study shows that there are a significant differenciation on students learning outcomes of experimental group compared control group. The afective obeservation result is on 16,58 range score which means being in a medium category and the control group is on 16,26 range score which means in a medium category too. Based on t-test results , the deviation score between the learning outcomes on experimental group and control group is 3,249 , score of thitung > ttabel (3,249>2,397). The experimental group got an increasing learning outcomes range on 22,76 and 10,69 for the control group.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN IPS MENGGUNAKAN VIDEO ANIMASI DAN KAHOOT! MATERI INTERAKSI ANTARNEGARA-NEGARA ASEAN PADA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP N 3 TEBO JAMBI
Authors: Pratiwi Rahmawati , Hermanto Fredy
Published: February 2022

Hasil belajar siswa masih belum baik, siswa mengalami hambatan dan kesulitan dalam memahami materi khususnya materi tentang ASEAN. Peneliti memberikan media pembelajaran video animasi dan kahoot! dalam pembelajaran IPS. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif. Desain yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental/eksperimen semu dengan jenis nonequivalent control group design. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu media kahoot! dan video animasi efektif diterapkan. Hal tersebut dibuktikan empat indicator efektivitas yaitu (1) kemampuan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran masuk kategori sangat tinggi dengan nilai di  kelas eksperimen 73 dan kelas control 66, (2) aktivitas belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran menunjukkan rata-rata sangat aktif dengan skor di kelas eksperimen 92,86 sedangkan kelas kontrol 62,50, (3) peningkatan hasil belajar kelas ekperimen dari 46,4 menjadi 84,4, sedangkan kelas kontrol dari 46,0 menjadi 78,6, (4) respon peserta didik terhadap pembelajaran yang diterapkan guru masuk kategori sangat tinggi dengan skor di kelas eksperimen 75 dan kelas kontrol 68,7.

The learning result  which is not significant yet, and students who still experience handicaps and difficulties in understanding the material expecially in ASEAN material.  Researchers provide learning media for animated video and kahoot! in social stcience learning. This research uses quantitative method, while the research design in quasi experimental with non-equivalent control roup design.  The result of this research shows that animation video and kahoot! are effective being implemented . this can be proven by seeing the effectiveness indicators such as  (1) the teacher high capability to manage the classroom indicated by the score of 73 in the experimental group and 66 in the control group, (2) the teaching and learning activity which shows high activness with the score of 92,86 in the experimental group and 62,50 in the control group, (3) the increase of the learning result score of experimental group from 46,6  to 84,4 while the control group score of experimental group from 46,0 to 78,6, (4) the high responses of students towards the teaching learning activity with the experimental group score 75 and control group score 68,7.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SNOWBALL THROWING DENGAN MEDIA ROLLING BALL GAME TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA BERBASIS DARING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS PADA KELAS VIII SMP N 33 SEMARANG
Authors: Putri Dyah Ayu Sagita , Ginanjar Asep
Published: February 2022

In the global era, itâ€™s requires the world education to always adjust and follow technological development to improve the quality of education, especially are used of varied and creative models and media for education, especially in the learning process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the snowball throwing learning model with rolling ball game media on online-based studentâ€™s learning motivation in social education at class of VIII SMP N 33 Semarang. The method used in this research is quantitative. The results of this study are (1) The learning implementation uses the snowball throwing learning model and the rolling ball game media at SMP N 33 Semarang. (2) The use of the snowball throwing learning model and the rolling ball game media can have an influence on student learning motivation in social studies learning. (3) There are obstacles, namely the available hardware such as cellphones or laptops and unstable internet networks during learning activities.

 Pada era global menuntut dunia pendidikan untuk selalu menyesuaikan dan mengikuti dalam penggunaan model dan media yang bervariasi dan kreatif bagi dunia pendidikan Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran snowball throwing dengan media rolling ball game terhadap motivasi belajar siswa berbasis daring dalam pembelajaran IPS pada kelas VIII SMP N 33 Semarang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Pelaksanaan pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran snowball throwing dan media rolling ball game di SMP N 33 Semarang. (2) Penggunaan model pembelajaran snowball throwing dan media rolling ball game dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar siswa pada pembelajaran IPS. (3) Terdapat kendala yaitu pada hardware seperti handphone atau laptop yang tersedia dan jaringan internet yang tidak stabil saat kegiatan pembelajaran berlangsung.