bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New 5-6-6-5 (fourfold) and 5-9-6 defect Configurations in g-SiC (graphene-like hexagonal monolayer silicon carbide)
Authors: Oktavina C W , Fajariah N , Fadlliyana M , Nugraheni A D , Sholihun
Published: October 2024

Computational studies using the density functional theory (DFT) were employed to analyze defect configurations in g-SiC. The SiC supercells containing 72 atoms were used for simulation. We simulate C-vacancy (VC) and Si-vacancy (VSi). We relaxed all atoms so that the atomic force tolerance is 1.0 × 10−4 Ha/Bohr. The unrelaxed defective configurations have the same symmetry as the perfect configuration, which is a D3h symmetry. During relaxation, atoms neighboring the vacancy were displaced to reach a ground state condition. In the case of VC, a Si atom at the center of the defect has four bonds, resulting in a new 5-6-6-5 fourfold configuration with a C2v symmetry. In the case of VSi, a C atom forms bonds with two other C atoms, resulting in a new configuration, namely a 5-9-6 configuration. We identified that this configuration also has a C2v symmetry. Thus, symmetry breaking (lowering) occurs from D3h to C2v. We calculated the formation energy, which is 3.28 eV for the 5-6-6-5 fourfold and 3.92 eV for the 5-9-6 configuration. We also calculated the Density of States (DOS), and the results show that both configurations have semiconductor material properties suitable for promising optoelectronic devices with an infrared spectrum for future applications.
Peatlands changes analysis in Banjar District using three decades of Landsat imagery
Authors: Nurlina  , Ridwan I , Muslimin S , Roup A
Published: October 2024

Peatlands are a multifunctional wetland ecosystem, so it is essential to know the changes in their presence. Observation of the changes in peatlands can be done in two ways, i.e., indirect and direct observation. Indirect observation can be done with remote sensing technology. This study aimed to analyze the distribution and peat land cover change from 1990 to 2020 and calculated the land’s rate changes. This research uses the maximum likelihood classification with seven classes of land cover input of agriculture, plantations, forests, bare lands, settlements, shrubs, and water bodies. The classification result covers a map of Banjar Regency peatlands covering 1990, 2000, 2009, and 2020, and then analyzes to know the land’s rate changes. The results of this research inform Banjar’s peatland area is 58,048.76 ha, which is spread over eight districts, i.e., Astambul, Beruntung Baru, Gambut, Martapura, Martapura Barat, Mataraman, Simpang Empat dan Sungai Tabuk. The land’s rate changes in 1990 and 2000; almost all of the land cover has the addition of wide each year, most of it is shrubs around 870.47 ha per year, only covering the reduction of forest land with an area of approximately 1,293.80 hectares per year. In 2000 to 2009 shows that four land covers experience and increase in area per year, namely settlements 11.71 ha, agriculture 30.69 ha, water bodies 6.76 ha and the largest oil palm plantation 1,098.5 ha. While those that experienced a reduction in area per year were bare land around 335.61 ha and shrubs around 812.11 ha. While the rate of change from 2009 to 2020 which experienced an increase in area each year was 15.19 ha of water bodies, 422,9 ha of bare land, 1,073.07 ha of oil palm plantations and around 1,508.2 ha of agriculture. While those that experienced a reduction in area per year were shrubs 3,184.2 ha, and settlement 32.76 ha. The data from these findings is crucial to the national wetlands inventory database for upcoming assessments, even though they offer valuable insights into using conservation measures in the context of wetland sustainability.
Photometric Study of ZZ Mic Variable Star
Authors: Mufidah D A , Armantara S A , Arkananta G G , Baihaqi M N S A , Syarif V , Mandey D
Published: October 2024

We report on the periodicity determination and O-C study of ZZ Mic, a short-period variable star. We used photometric data obtained on October 16, 2015 at Bosscha Observatory using the STEVia telescope (diameter 11 inches) and CCD ST8-XME. We also used 51 light curve data archives from the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) database and 33 time of maxima records from various publications. The whole data set ranges from 1960 to 2015. We determine that ZZ Mic has a pulsation period of 0.067179 days with first overtone period of 0.053678 days. We fit the O-C diagram with a polynomial function we determine that the pulsation period of ZZ Mic has been decreasing at a rate of 8.28014 × 10−9 days per year. Using a known period-radius relation, we obtain the radius of ZZ Mic is 1.705 solar radii.
Optimizing Control of a Hybrid Quantum System of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers and Superconducting Transmon Qubits
Authors: Muhammad Naseer , Majidi Muhammad A.
Published: October 2024

The control of hybrid quantum systems via the application of external fields is rapidly evolving field of research for the development of quantum applications and technologies. We model and optimize the dynamics of a hybrid quantum system consists of two non-local ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers and a superconducting transmon qubit mediated by two transmission line resonators. We apply a set of optimized time-dependent external driving field to enhance the system performance to function as a high fidelity state-to-state transfer. The Hamiltonian of the externally driven transmission line resonators is modelled by considering the non-linear transmons. The numerical simulation of the system is done using the optimized parameters of the external fields. By applying the optimized pulses, we have increased the fidelity of the state transfer from 0.7 to 1.0 within 100 ns. By varying the full wave half maxima value (FWHM) of the Gaussian pulse, it result in decreasing the amplitude of the fast oscillating states of the transmon and nitrogen-vacancy ensembles. These optimized external pulses also created a strong coupling between the components of under-consideration physical quantum system, which will eventually increase the fidelity of the system in a relatively faster time.
Interference effects in nonequilibrium quantum transport with long-range interactions
Authors: Ulfa Marisa , Dwiputra Donny
Published: October 2024

We investigate how long-range power-law hopping interaction, ∼ 1/r

a
, affects the characteristics of dissipative quantum transport in a nonequilibrium setting. The model under consideration is a noninteracting bosonic chain subject to thermal baths of differing temperature at its boundaries and dephasing noise which is applied uniformly to all the sites. It is shown that the steady-state current may vary nonmonotonically and has a peak for a finite a depending on the position of the cold bath. This site-specific behaviour stems back to the interference effect caused by the parity of the total sites N and the baths positions. The fractional nature of the system, along with the interplay between coherent and incoherent transport, will affect the steady state current that characterizes the transport.
Preliminary study of the thermoelectric cooler and heat pipe application for the cooling system in cabin pickup car
Authors: Sukarno R , Maldini A A , Musyaffa R , Yoga N G , Syaka D R B
Published: October 2024

Car cooling systems are essential equipment to make passengers comfortable, but their energy consumption is very high. Thermoelectric technology has been widely applied as a cooler in many applications, but its use as a car cooler has not been widely used. This research aims to conduct a preliminary study using thermoelectric coolers (TEC) as alternative coolers in pickup cars and to investigate the effect of thermoelectric module and heat exchanger configurations on cooling systems performance. A-TEC cooling system usually uses conventional heat sinks on the cold side and hot side of the TEC. In this study, heat pipes are used as heat exchangers on the hot side of TEC to improve its performance. The cooling system consists of 2 units installed at the rear of the pickup car cabin. Tests were varied using 2 TEC modules arranged in series and 4 TECs arranged in parallel thermal and electrical series. The results showed that using two cooling system units consisting of four TEC modules equipped with heat pipes was able to cool the temperature of the pickup car cabin at 27.4 °C and obtained the highest COP value of 1.16. It shows heat pipes can enhance TEC cooling system performance, producing lower cabin temperatures than conventional heat sinks.
Development of Project Based Learning Based Practicum Modules to Improve High School Students Understanding of Concepts
Authors: Purwanti P , Mayanty S , Fitrian A , Huda D N , Kumala S A
Published: October 2024

The aim of physics learning in high school is for students to physics concepts and their relationships and a scientific attitude to solve the problems they. Based on issues in independent curriculum and condition of SHS Country 8 ST being a newly established school still in the process of building its school premises, hence the laboratory facilities are not adequate, there is a need for the development of practicum modules for physics learning. Model in this research uses Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. Results of the trial on grade XII MIPA students obtained satisfactory results for use. By using a questionnaire several questions about understanding physics concepts for this research. The limited trial results obtained an average score of 3.9 or 78% the category good, and based on the expanded trial results, an average score of 4.04 or 80.08% the category good was obtained. In conclusion “the Project Based Learning physics laboratory module dynamic electricity materials” is suitable for learning use in conditions of new and inadequate school infrastructure for carrying out practicum activities with PHET Simulation.
Increasing scientific literacy abilities through SSI integrated PjBL-STEAM learning model on energy and simple machine topics
Authors: Reswara Talitha R , Parno  , Nugraheni D , Suwasono P , Jannah R , Khamis N
Published: October 2024

Scientific literacy competencies are imperative in contemporary education. Nonetheless, students’ proficiency in scientific literacy remains subpar. The adoption of SSI integrated PjBL-STEAM is still infrequent in endeavors to enhance scientific literacy abilities. Therefore, this study seeks to assess the efficacy of employing SSI integrated PjBL-STEAM in bolstering students’ scientific literacy skills, specifically focusing on the topics of energy and simple machines. The research methodology employed is quasi-experimental, utilizing a match-only pretest-posttest control group design, conducted among eighth-grade students at Laboratory UM Junior School, Indonesia. The assessment tool utilized is a scientific literacy proficiency test, demonstrating a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.807. Data analysis involved t-tests, Mann Whitney tests, and N-gain calculations. The findings indicate that the implementation of SSI integrated PjBL-STEAM positively influences students’ scientific literacy skills. And the recommendation is the future research may implement the integrated PjBL-STEAM SSI model in different subjects that have complex characteristics, require strong conceptual understanding, and are related to daily life.
Sub-millisecond keyhole pore detection in laser powder bed fusion using sound and light sensors and machine learning
Authors: Ren Zhongshu , Shao Jiayun , Liu Haolin , Clark Samuel J , Gao Lin , Balderson Lilly , Mumm Kyle , Fezzaa Kamel , Rollett Anthony D , Kara Levent Burak , Sun Tao
Published: October 2024

Laser powder bed fusion is a mainstream additive manufacturing technology widely used to manufacture complex parts in prominent sectors, including aerospace, biomedical, and automotive industries. However, during the printing process, the presence of an unstable vapor depression can lead to a type of defect called keyhole porosity, which is detrimental to the part quality. In this study, we developed an effective approach to locally detect the generation of keyhole pores during the printing process by leveraging machine learning and a suite of optical and acoustic sensors. Simultaneous synchrotron x-ray imaging allows the direct visualization of pore generation events inside the sample, offering high-fidelity ground truth. A neural network model adopting SqueezeNet architecture using single-sensor data was developed to evaluate the fidelity of each sensor for capturing keyhole pore generation events. Our comparative study shows that the near infrared images gave the highest prediction accuracy, followed by 100 kHz and 20 kHz microphones, and the photodiode sensitive to processing laser wavelength had the lowest accuracy. Using a single sensor, over 90% prediction accuracy can be achieved with a temporal resolution as short as 0.1 ms. A data fusion scheme was also developed with features extracted using SqueezeNet neural network architecture and classification using different machine learning algorithms. Our work demonstrates the correlation between the characteristic optical and acoustic emissions and the keyhole oscillation behavior, and thereby provides strong physics support for the machine learning approach.
Transitioning the grid for climate change: power transmission futures and grid justice
Authors: Ventrella Jennifer , Knuth Sarah
Published: October 2024

Amid the ongoing international boom in renewable power generation, debates over the future of the grid are gaining increasing attention in the United States and beyond. Climate change poses parallel but entangled questions for the large-scale movement of electricity. On the one hand, grid operation is a profoundly altered undertaking in renewables-dominated grids, bringing new management challenges around multi-directional flows, variability, bids for long-distance renewable power transmission, and more. On the other hand, electricity operators and users simultaneously face new climate-related disruptions, repair needs, and risks. In this paper, we explore an important set of energy and climate justice debates emerging around these combined decarbonization and grid resilience challenges, particularly concerns related to high-voltage transmission in the United States and other countries with developed but aging grids. We consider questions of transmission grid (1) access, (2) ownership, (3) siting, and (4) scale/rescaling. We illustrate these issues via the exemplary case of New York State, as the state has become a high-profile focus for debates around grid congestion, rising financial sector ownership of transmission projects, and siting justice issues, as well as for varying progressive alternatives in campaigns for both large-scale public power and decentralized ‘non-wires’ solutions.
Tracing the Natural Body for More Inclusive and Equitable CI Futures
Authors: Prichard Robin Raven
Published: October 2024

Through the legacies of somatics and modern dance, Contact Improvisation (CI) has adopted eurocentric assumptions about a presumed natural body, and these concepts have negatively impacted inclusion and equity in CI. In this chapter, the author traces the concept of the natural body through the developments of modern dance and somatics to illuminate how the natural body transmits ideas of race, gender, class, and liberation. The chapter then demonstrates how the natural body transforms into the neutral body and continues to assert influence on CI. The author identifies ways in which current CI practices reinforce or repudiate conceptions of the natural/neutral body, leading to the question: how can the exclusion and inequity that are caused by conceptions of the natural body be attenuated, negotiated, and ultimately changed? Thus, the author argues that through analyzing and challenging the natural body, CI can address its past to make equitable and inclusive choices for the future.
Queering Contact Improvisation with Sara Ahmed (and the Wheelchair)
Authors: Polo Mª Paz Brozas
Published: October 2024

This chapter proposes an approach to the concept of Contact Improvisation through Sara Ahmed’s Queer Phenomenology. Starting from the suggested dialogue between bodies and objects, in which the spatial and the social are intertwined, this chapter explores the term queer and the collective practice of improvisation as an experience of disorientation, co-perception, and inclination. Instead of the table invoked by Ahmed, one delights in the wheelchair, an iconic object in the history of Contact Improvisation, whose artistic experimentation allows one to imagine other directions in dance and other contact policies.

Se propone un acercamiento al concepto de Contact Improvisation a través de la Fenomenología Queer de Sara Ahmed. Partiendo del diálogo sugerido entre cuerpos y objetos, en el que se entrelazan lo espacial y lo social, este capítulo explora el término queer y la práctica colectiva de la improvisación como una experiencia de desorientación, co-percepción e inclinación. En lugar de la mesa invocada por Ahmed nos deleitamos en la silla de ruedas, un objeto icónico en la historia de la improvisación de contacto, cuya experimentación artística nos permite imaginar otras direcciones en la danza y otras políticas de contacto.
Some unique anatomical scaling relationships among genera in the grass subfamily Pooideae
Authors: Spitzer Daniel B , Ocheltree Troy W , Gleason Sean M
Published: October 2024

Members of the grass family Poaceae have adapted to a wide range of habitats and disturbance regimes globally. The cellular structure and arrangements of leaves can help explain how plants survive in different climates, but these traits are rarely measured in grasses. Most studies are focussed on individual species or distantly related species within Poaceae. While this focus can reveal broad adaptations, it is also likely to overlook subtle adaptations within more closely related groups (subfamilies, tribes). This study, therefore, investigated the scaling relationships between leaf size, vein length area (VLA) and vessel size in five genera within the subfamily Pooideae. The scaling exponent of the relationship between leaf area and VLA was -0.46 (±0.21), which is consistent with previous studies. In Poa and Elymus, however, minor vein number and leaf length were uncorrelated, whereas in Festuca these traits were positively correlated (slope = 0.82 ± 0.8). These findings suggest there are broad-scale and fine-scale variations in leaf hydraulic traits among grasses. Future studies should consider both narrow and broad phylogenetic gradients.
Multimodal Academic Discourse Socialization: Examining Geoscience Students’ Disciplinary Knowledge Construction and Socialization at a Canadian University
Authors: Yamamoto Masaru
Published: October 2024

This ethnographic multiple-case study examines how undergraduate students are socialized into the disciplinary norms, values, and practices of a geoscience course at a Canadian university. Transcending logocentric assumptions about academic discourse, this article advances a broader domain of inquiry––multimodal academic discourse socialization––which foregrounds the polysemiotic nature of academic socialization. This approach examines not only linguistic but also a wider range of semiotic resources, including gestural, visual, material, and spatial ones, among others. To understand geoscientists’ disciplinary norms, values, and communicative practices, ethnographic data (classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, course-related artefacts) were thematically analysed. Focal students’ geoscience poster presentation performances were also analysed using multimodal interaction analysis to scrutinize micro-level instantiations of disciplinary practices. Findings highlight how students were socialized into geoscience ‘observations and interpretations’ through a recurrent multimodal classroom activity, which was also reflected in micro-level multimodal practices enacted in students’ geoscience poster presentations. This study emphasizes that multimodal enactments constitute a crucial dimension of disciplinary practices and values connected with learning to think, view, and represent knowledge as geoscientists.
Increased expression of CXCL10 and CCL3 salivary gland chemokines in primary Sjögren’s syndrome detected and systematically quantified using RNAscope®in situ hybridization
Authors: Borge Hanne , Ringstad Ingrid Beate , Aqrawi Lara A , Fromreide Siren , Dongre Harsh Nitin , Galtung Hilde Kanli , Jensen Janicke Liaaen , Skarstein Kathrine
Published: October 2024

Primary Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of exocrine glands. We have previously shown significantly upregulated levels of CXCL10 and CCL3 chemokines in saliva from Sjögren’s syndrome patients. In this study, we examined the expression pattern and localization of these chemokines at the site of inflammation in patients’ minor salivary glands using novel RNAscope® in situ hybridization. Minor salivary glands from 33 primary Sjögren’s syndrome patients and 22 non-Sjögren’s syndrome (non-SS) sicca controls were included. The biopsies were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and histopathologically evaluated. The CXCL10 and CCL3 mRNA expression in the glandular tissue was investigated using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction followed by an RNAscope® in situ hybridization. The mRNA expression of CXCL10 was higher than CCL3 in all patients. Significantly elevated expression of CXCL10 and CCL3 was detected in patients that also expressed autoantibody positivity and a positive biopsy for mononuclear cell infiltrates when compared with non-SS sicca controls. CXCL10 was localized as clusters within focal infiltrates as well as adjacent to acinar and ductal epithelium, while CCL3 was expressed as scattered single mRNA molecules in focal infiltrates and in acinar cells. Our findings suggest CXCL10 as a possible disease biomarker in primary Sjögren’s syndrome due to its upregulated expression in both saliva and minor salivary glands of patients and the localization in the tissue. This should be re-assessed in a larger primary Sjögren’s syndrome patient cohort, followed by additional functional studies to further validate its potential as a disease biomarker.
Circulating B cells display differential immune regulatory molecule expression in granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Bonasia Carlo G , Inrueangsri Nanthicha , Bijma Theo , Borggrewe Malte , Post Aline I , Mennega Kevin P , Abdulahad Wayel H , Rutgers Abraham , Bos Nicolaas A , Heeringa Peter
Published: October 2024

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a B-cell-mediated, relapsing, autoimmune disease. There is a need for novel therapeutic approaches and relapse markers to achieve durable remission. B cells express immune regulatory molecules that modulate their activation and maintain tolerance. While recent studies show dysregulation of these molecules in other autoimmune diseases, data on their expression in GPA are limited. This study aimed to map the expression of surface immune regulatory molecules on circulating B-cell subsets in GPA and correlate their expression with clinical parameters. Immune regulatory molecule expression on circulating B-cell subsets was comprehensively examined in active GPA (n = 16), GPA in remission (n = 16), and healthy controls (n = 16) cross-sectionally using a 35-color B-cell-specific spectral flow cytometry panel.

Our supervised and unsupervised in-depth analysis revealed differential expression of inhibitory and stimulatory immune molecules on distinct B-cell populations in GPA, with the most notable differences observed in active GPA. These differences include the upregulation of FcγRIIB on nonmature B cells, downregulation of CD21 and upregulation of CD86 on antigen-experienced B cells, and elevated CD22 expression on various populations. Additionally, we found a strong association between FcγRIIB, BTLA, and CD21 expression on specific B-cell populations and disease activity in GPA.

Together, these findings provide novel insights into the immune regulatory molecule expression profile of B cells in GPA and could potentially form the foundation for new therapeutic approaches and disease monitoring markers.
Telemedicine and time management in primary care
Authors: Keshet Yael , Popper-Giveon Ariela , Adar Tamar
Published: October 2024

Background

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) can enable workers to structure work in novel ways, allow for better time management, and increase work scheduling autonomy. Time management and work scheduling are important factors in the field of clinical practice in primary care. Time limits on consultation are a key constraint on the delivery of good care since the length of patient–physician consultation impacts its quality.

Objectives

This research aimed to examine the experiences of primary care physicians (PCPs) when using telemedicine technologies (TTs), a type of ICT, in their communication with patients.

Methods

During 2023 in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 Israeli PCPs: family physicians and pediatricians.

Findings

Perception and management of time emerged as a focal subject in the interviews. The PCPs interviewed described several effects of TTs on time management in primary care. They portrayed TTs as saving time for patients and having a mixed effect on the healthcare organization: both saving and wasting their work time. TTs were described as impacting their time management in the context of work-life balance, allowing them to manage their time during and between appointments.

Discussion

For PCPs, TTs can be beneficial for managing time in the clinic, which can contribute to better healthcare. This article, concerning TTs as a type of ICT, contributes to the existing literature which suggests that ICTs can allow for better time management and increase work scheduling autonomy. It also presents several recommendations for better implementation of TTs in healthcare organizations.
Alfonso Nitti’s Inertia or Impotentiality: Reconsidering Ineptitude in Italo Svevo’s Una vita
Authors: Valentini Teresa
Published: October 2024

The term ‘inetto’, on which Italo Svevo’s entire critical and literary tradition has been based, is mostly absent from Svevo’s texts with a few exceptions. Despite this low frequency, ‘inetto’ has become the adjective most used to define his characters. Surprisingly, Svevo scholarship has not yet focused, intensively and extensively, on those terms that the author did use to describe his protagonists: ‘inertia’ and ‘inert’. The goal of this article is twofold. On the one hand, it aims to reconsider the veil of negativity that still saddles the category of ineptitude. At the same time, in order to achieve this aim, it rethinks this category by means of the neglected concept of inertia. By so doing, it not only rectifies the idea that the term ‘inetto’ is the primary correlative to describe Svevo’s characters, but also allows us to reimagine forms of impotentiality in a positive light.
What are future doctors learning about sex? An assessment of sexual health curricula across medical schools in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Milazzo Mariah , Parwatkar Kalyani , Perelmuter Sara , Blackman Camille , Tomaszewski Alicja , Williams Annika , Rubin Rachel S , Lufler Rebecca S
Published: October 2024

Background

Sexual health is an imperative area of study in medical school education, yet many medical schools do not offer a comprehensive curriculum nor is it standardized across the United States (US).

Aim

This study aims to assess written curriculum materials from sexual health curricula in medical schools across the northeast region of the US and compare the current teachings to suggested standards.

Methods

A compilation of academic resources including lecture materials and syllabi were systematically reviewed utilizing a standardized and validated rubric with variables assessed including: biological and psychological aspects of human sexual development, anatomy and physiology of the human sexual response cycle, sexual health in relation to human reproduction, and contraceptive options. We analyzed our data from the document analysis to look at the frequency of inclusion and exclusion of the sexual health topics included in our rubric.

Outcomes

The outcomes of our data set were in line with our hypothesis that there is significant variance between sexual health curricula across institutions as well as an overall lack in material covering sexual health topics.

Results

The data show significant sex specific differences such that male-specific topics were covered more frequently than female-specific information. Additionally, only one of the 10 schools examined taught about vulvar conditions. There was also a paucity of information about sexuality in the post-partum period.

Clinical Implications

The clinical implications of this study aim to highlight the discrepancy between an ideal sexual health curriculum and what is actually being taught in medical schools and help to guide future work of creating a comprehensive and standardized sexual medicine education in US. medical schools.

Strengths and Limitations

The validity of this study was strengthened by analyzing direct curricula materials as opposed to previous use of subjective, self-reported questionnaires. However, the sample location being restricted to the Northeast was a limitation to generalize findings across the country. Future studies would aim to analyze medical school curricula across different regions in the US.

Conclusion

This study shows that there is a lack of comprehensive and standardized sexual health curriculum in medical schools in the Northeastern US and serves as initial evidence for further investigation of this topic across American medical schools.
OPDA signaling channels resource (e−) allocation from the photosynthetic electron transfer chain to plastid cysteine biosynthesis in defense activation
Authors: Adhikari Ashna , Kaur Simrandeep , Forouhar Farhad , Kale Shiv , Park Sang-Wook
Published: October 2024

A primary precursor of jasmonates, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), is an autonomous hormone signal that activates and fine-tunes plant defense responses, as well as growth and development. However, the architecture of its signaling circuits remains largely elusive. Here we describe that OPDA signaling drives photosynthetic reductant powers toward sulfur assimilation in the chloroplasts, incorporating sulfide into cysteine. Under stressed states, OPDA—accumulated in the chloroplasts—binds and promotes cyclophilin 20-3, an OPDA receptor, to transfer electrons from thioredoxin F2, an electron carrier in the photosynthesis reaction, to serine acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1). The charge carrier (H+, e−) then splits dimeric SAT1 trimers in half to signal the recruitment of dimeric O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase B, forming a hetero-oligomeric cysteine synthase complex (CSC). CSC formation and its metabolic products (especially glutathione) then coordinate redox-resolved retrograde signaling from the chloroplasts to the nucleus in adjusting expression of OPDA-responsive genes such as GLUTAREDOXIN 480 and CYTOCHROME P450, and triggering defense responses against various ecological constraints such as salinity and excess oxidants, as well as mechanical wounding. We thus conclude that OPDA signaling regulates a unique metabolic switch in channeling light input into outputs that fuel/shape a multitude of physiological processes, optimizing plant growth fitness and survival capacity under a range of environmental stress cues.
Using H i observations of low-mass galaxies to test ultralight axion dark matter
Authors: Garland James T , Masters Karen L , Grin Daniel
Published: October 2024

We evaluate recent and upcoming low-redshift neutral hydrogen (H i) surveys as a cosmological probe of small scale structure with a goal of determining the survey criteria necessary to test ultralight axion (ULA) dark matter models. Standard cold dark matter (CDM) models predict a large population of low-mass galactic haloes, whereas ULA models demonstrate significant suppression in this small-scale regime, with halo mass cutoffs of $10^{12}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ to $10^{7}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ corresponding to ULA masses of $10^{-24}\,$ to $10^{-20}\,$ eV, respectively, if ULAs compose all of the dark matter. We generate random, homogeneously populated mock universes with cosmological parameters adjusted to match CDM and ULA models. We simulate observations of these mock universes with hypothetical analogues of the mass-limited ALFALFA and WALLABY H i surveys and reconstruct the corresponding H i mass function (HIMF). We find that the ALFALFA HIMF can test for the presence of ULA DM with $m_{a}\lesssim 10^{-21.5}~{\rm eV}$, while WALLABY could reach the larger window $m_{a}\lesssim 10^{-20.9}~{\rm eV}$. These constraints are complementary to other probes of ULA dark matter, demonstrating the utility of local Universe H i surveys in testing dark matter models.
Orbits and masses in two triple systems
Authors: Nazor Dinko , Tokovinin Andrei
Published: October 2024

In an effort to determine accurate orbital and physical properties of a large number of bright stars, a method was developed to fit simultaneously stellar parameters (masses, luminosities, effective temperatures), distance, and orbits to the available data on multiple systems, namely the combined and differential photometry, positional measurements, radial velocities (RVs), accelerations, etc. The method is applied to a peculiar resolved triple system HIP 86286. The masses of its components estimated using observations and standard relations are 1.3, 0.9, and 0.9 $M_\odot$; the main star is a G8IV subgiant, while its two companions are main-sequence dwarfs. The inner and outer orbital periods are 35 and 287 yr, respectively, and the orbits are nearly coplanar. The second system, HIP 117258, is an accelerating star with a resolved companion; its 35.7-yr orbit based on relative astrometry and precise RVs yields the secondary mass of 0.95 $M_\odot$, much larger than inferred from the photometry. The apparent paradox is explained by assuming that the secondary is a close pair of M-type dwarfs with yet unknown period.
The Great Exhibition, 1851
Authors: Davis John R.
Published: October 2024

Even before it opened on 1 May 1851, the Great Exhibition’s significance was debated. It was promoted by powerful forces in favor of modernization, which involved far-reaching transformation of society in connection with industrialization. Supported by idealistic aims—ground-breaking; trend setting; containing thousands of items; reflecting turbulent dynamics in politics, the economy, and society—it caused an explosion of contemporary written commentary and analysis. It also left voluminous records. Intricate preparation and arrangement, the work of juries, an official and unofficial interpretation of the Exhibition as a measure of human progress all generated a vast output of paperwork. So did discussion of its legacy. This extensive contemporary literature on the Great Exhibition provides an invaluable resource, increasingly accessible via digitization, and facilitates investigation of the subject to the present. Narrative, reverential treatments of the Great Exhibition accompanied legacy projects such as the Crystal Palace after its removal to Sydenham, the South Kensington cultural complex, and educational reform. It served as a reference point for subsequent expositions and the later Expo movement. With generational change and increasing cynicism regarding Victorian idealism came criticism. Yet its connection with a period of economic growth, political stability, and British prowess meant it remained prominent in patriotic and nostalgic historical narratives of the nineteenth century. Anniversaries invite reconsideration. The year 1951 produced studies demonstrating historical distance, nostalgia, and connections with the Festival of Britain that year. Rising interest in economic and social history in the 1960s led to investigation of the Exhibition in terms of labor, the working class, urbanization, and anthropology. Criticism of capitalism and the emergence of postmodernism encouraged consideration of the Exhibition’s social and political agendas. The Exhibition’s role in the creation of modern industrial bourgeois traditions and concomitant social structures and control moved center stage. So did its function in nation building, imperialism, and globalization. Postmodernist concern with discourse encouraged exploration of complexities associated with the process of modernization. The 150th anniversary of the Exhibition was a timely catalyst. It produced an extensive exploration of meanings, interpretations, and participants. It spurred on research into the Exhibition’s antecedents and international dimensions. Recent intellectual currents have focused on the Exhibition’s connection to, for example, imperialism, slavery, and the environment.
Land and Social Life
Authors: Borras Saturnino M. , Franco Jennifer C.
Published: October 2024

This introductory chapter frames land politics and introduces the handbook. Land is understood here as a key element in production and social reproduction, which are taken as an inherently connected whole. Social reproduction, in turn, is used in a broad sense to mean not only labor reproduction, but also socioecological, sociocultural, and sociopolitical reproduction. This treatment brings us to the multiple meanings of land: soil, farmland or grazing land, home lot, landscape, socio-agroecological zone, territory, and homeland. The chapters do not deal in either-or dichotomies, such as privatization versus commoning, farm plot versus agroecological zone. Rather, they take a whole-to-the-parts and parts-to-the-whole relational view, focusing on the structural, institutional, and political glue that binds different fragments and layers of social relations and human and nature relations. They see, in other words, a mosaic of land access, or social relations. Land in production and social reproduction is key to the incessant renewal of life and society. In this sense, land and land politics shape social life, and vice versa. Struggles for land are objectively linked to systemwide political struggles, and the reverse is also true.
Mary Magdalene in the Gospel of John
Authors: Bieringer Reimund
Published: October 2024

In modern Western culture, Mary Magdalene is perhaps best known for her being the first person to whom the risen Christ appeared (protophany) and for her presentation in the Noli me tangere art. Both of these are exclusively connected to the Gospel of John. They have given the Johannine presentation of Mary Magdalene a certain priority, but they have also had a tendency of overshadowing John’s characterization of Mary Magdalene. In this contribution, I shall present a comprehensive view of the different facets of the way the Gospel of John introduces us to Mary Magdalene. In the course of this approach, it will become obvious that the Johannine Mary Magdalene is the faithful disciple who, when all the others were absent, was entrusted the core message of this gospel. In absolute numbers the references to Mary Magdalene in John are few (5x, cf. 4x in Mark, 3x in Matthew, 2x in Luke), but the role of Mary Magdalene in the gospels and in John in particular is nonetheless crucial.
Excavating the Emotional Nongovernmental Organization
Authors: Prakash Deepa
Published: October 2024

This chapter focuses on the emotional dynamics of nongovernmental organizations’ (NGOs’) behavior and influence in international politics. Emotions appear frequently in foundational work on the role of civil society non-state actors, especially NGOs, in international relations (IR), yet they operate as implicit and undertheorized background assumptions. By harnessing key concepts and frameworks from within scholarship on emotions in IR, and by using shame as a primary illustration, the chapter identifies pathways for how to center emotions in understanding NGOs’ political influence in IR. It begins by interrogating prevailing conceptions of emotions as “tools” used strategically by NGOs in their advocacy. It then goes beyond that conventional view to make the case for taking NGOs’ fuller emotional lives seriously as well as to examine how hierarchy and power might determine the exercise of an NGO’s emotional politics vis-à-vis a number of actors.
Climate Emotions
Authors: Holthaus Leonie
Published: October 2024

This chapter discusses the state of the art on climate emotions in international relations. In the current literature, specific climate emotions, such as climate anxiety, climate grief, and solastalgia, are recognized. However, at this stage, more is known about the climate emotions of people living in the Global North than about the various emotions of people living in the Global South, even if the latter are further affected by climate change. Hence, the chapter calls for further research on climate emotions, drawing on multiple theoretical and methodological resources. Such research should study emerging emotional responses to climate change, interactions between emotional responses to the environmental aspects of climate change and other consequences of climate change, such as migration, relations between climate emotions and power in climate activism, and international organizations’ growing recognition of climate emotions.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Authors: Brooks Thom
Published: October 2024

This chapter examines the issue of cruel and unusual punishment, beginning with an overview of how the concept is interpreted and a background survey of punishments that are considered to fall into that category. Most philosophers accept that there are limits to the justifiable severity of punishments even if those limits result in sentences that are considered less than deserved, suboptimal for deterrence, or otherwise disproportionate. Very different reasons are given from each approach, but a common thread also connects them. This chapter will show different ways of understanding this issue and the commonality in the solutions offered, as well as highlight the usefulness of a unified theory when considering the limits of punishment.
‘The Satanic School’ Hunt, the Cockneys, andThe Liberal
Authors: Cox Jeffrey N.
Published: October 2024

This essay links Southey’s ‘Satanic school’ attacks on Byron and his literary allies such as Percy Bysshe Shelley and Leigh Hunt with the younger poets’ collective effort to create The Liberal. This highlights Byron’s involvement in The Liberal is a key moment in his career and, perhaps more strikingly, in his reception history. After sketching out the battle between Southey and the Lake Poets and Byron and the Cockneys, the essay argues that Byron’s decision to join with Shelley and Hunt on The Liberal was a conscious turn to identify himself as an engaged writer on the left. The Liberal reunited the radical writers of Hunt’s London circle to create a more European, more cosmopolitan, and more radical version of Romanticism. This moment points to the counter-formation of a Romanticism centred on a Wordsworthian lyric exploration of the self in nature, a Romanticism from which Byron would long be excluded.
Byron in Transit Italy inChilde Harold’s PilgrimageIV andBeppo
Authors: Crisafulli Lilla Maria
Published: October 2024

This chapter deals with two of Byron’s most ‘Italianate’ poems, Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Canto IV, and Beppo. Published in 1818, they embody Byron’s multilayered relationship with Italy and, by contrast, his conflicted relationship with Britain. Both poems are successful examples of a search for a new form of poetry that created idioms able to feed his voracious and mobile imagination. They shape his fluid and multifaceted identity as an exile, allowing Byron to cross generic boundaries, while mingling and juxtaposing local cultures and cosmopolitan histories. While Beppo is a lyrical satire, Childe Harold IV is concerned with the past and present political and cultural situation of Italy and, at the same time, thoughtfully self-referential. What connects these two poems is their complementary modes of interacting with Italian settings and mores, and of exposing the contradictions and complexities of the narrator’s response to Italy itself.
The Metaphysical Dramas Playing Against All Odds
Authors: Horová Mirka
Published: October 2024

This chapter discusses the ways in which Byron’s trailblazing texts Manfred, Cain, and Heaven and Earth explore the limits of agonism, the traditional essence of dramatic conflict, pitching the quest for political liberty and intellectual freedom against the seemingly unassailable supremacy of assorted metaphysical powers and their authoritarian censure. Byron’s three dramas interrogate the claim of all metaphysical hegemonies to moral authority. The plays disrupt moral closure and perform a radical revision of traditional ethics, demarcating the limits of authoritarianism’s reach, and postulating the autonomy of innate individual ethics. Where the conservative critics of the age saw merely blasphemy, the twenty-first-century reader finds a complex philosophical challenge to orthodoxy’s pretensions to moral power. These texts are poised between playful critiques of establishment rhetoric and revolutionary dissent that seeks to upend the status quo. Byron’s challenge to metaphysics and its discontents thus represents a lasting affirmation of freedom, with profound philosophical and political resonances for our own increasingly out-of-joint times.
Phonology that Will Not Harmonize
Authors: Hyman Larry M.
Published: October 2024

Abstract:This chapter considers phonological properties that are generally believed not to harmonize. It begins with vowel length, showing a close (but inconclusive) example from Leggbó. It then considers whether tonal assimilations should be considered ‘harmony.’ Citing examples from Bantu languages, it shows that there are parallels, but that tonal assimilations have properties not found in segmental harmonies. In the last section it addresses ‘asymmetric harmony,’ whereby only one value of a (possibly privative) feature harmonizes—for example, Round and Nasal. As with the possibility of length harmony, it concludes with possible examples of unrounding harmony (Ineseño) and oral harmony (Pirahã, Tiene), which, however, may lend themselves to other interpretations.
Votic Vowel Harmony in Substance-Free Logical Phonology
Authors: Leduc Marjorie , Reiss Charles , Volenec Veno
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a novel account of Votic vowel harmony using components of substance-free Logical Phonology (LP). To appreciate the nature of LP, it is important not only to characterize it in positive terms, but also to highlight what it does not contain. Our LP account does not rely on notions such as contrast or markedness. Instead, we make use of formal properties like two kinds of vacuous rule application (via vacuous unification and unification failure) to derive a simple account of feature-filling patterns. Votic also provides an argument for substance-free phonology and against the notions of surface well-formedness and phonotactics playing a role in grammar. The non-functionalist, non-teleological nature of LP contrasts with output driven approaches to phonology. The analysis also resolves issues that were either unaddressed or unresolved in previous treatments.
Vowel Harmony in Computational Models of Emergence
Authors: Dras Mark , Harrison K. David
Published: October 2024

This chapter will discuss computational models of the evolution of vowel harmony (VH), of which there are two main approaches that will be reviewed. First, it will outline the kinds of harmony phenomena that the models deal with; then it will discuss some general issues involved in computational modeling of complex systems such as language, and relatedly what claims can be made by particular sorts of models. The core of the chapter will then discuss the two alternative approaches to the modeling of VH.