bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphene Oxide Immobilized Copper(II) Schiff Base Complex [GO@AF‐SB‐Cu]: A Versatile Catalyst for Chan‐Lam Coupling Reaction
Authors: Kumar Akash , Layek Samaresh , Agrahari Bhumika , Kujur Shelly , Pathak Devendra Deo
Published: January 2019

Graphene oxide immobilized Cu(II) Schiff base complex, GO@AF‐SB−Cu, was synthesized by the reaction of a Schiff base functionalized Graphene oxide, GO@AF‐SB, with Cu(OAc)2.H2O in ethanol under reflux. The immobilized complex was isolated as a black‐coloured solid and characterized by various physico‐chemical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FT‐Raman), Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X‐ray microscopy (EDX), Elemental mapping, Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES) and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The catalytic activity of the complex was explored in Chan‐Lam coupling reaction of amines and arylboronic acids without using any co‐catalyst or oxidant. Further, the catalyst could be easily recovered quantitatively from the reaction mixture by simple filtration and reused up to five times without significant loss in the catalytic activity. All the isolated organic products were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
An ICT‐Based Mitochondria‐Targeted Fluorescent Probe for Hydrogen Peroxide with a Large Turn‐On Fluorescence Signal
Authors: Liang Xiao , Zhang Lu , Xu Xiaoyi , Qiao Dan , Shen Tangliang , Yin Zheng , Shang Luqing
Published: January 2019

An ICT‐based mitochondria‐targeted fluorescent probe Mito‐NP was designed and synthesized for the detection of H2O2, with radical fluorescence intensity changes (up to 120‐fold) and a large Stokes shift (93 nm) in aqueous solution. There was good linear relationship (R2=0.9983) between the concentration of H2O2 in the range of 0 to 100 μM and the fluorescence intensity at 553 nm, with a low detection limit of 0.25 μM (S/N=3). Mito‐NP could also visualize enzymatically generated H2O2. Furthermore, the probe could detect endogenous H2O2 with good mitochondria targeting ability in living cells and could also detect the change in H2O2 levels during mitochondria‐oriented apoptosis.

Introduction
Improved Rapid and Green Synthesis of N‐Aryl Piperazine Hydrochlorides Using Synergistic Coupling of Hydrated Task Specific Ionic Liquid ([BbIm]OH) and Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Tamboli Riyaj S. , Shidore Mahesh M. , Dash Radha Charan , Kanhed Ashish M. , Patel Nirav R. , Shah Shailesh R. , Yadav Mangeram Ram
Published: January 2019

An improved and rapid green synthesis of N‐alkyl/aryl piperazine hydrochlorides using synergistic coupling of hydrated Task Specific Ionic Liquid ([BbIm]OH) and Microwave Irradiation (MWI) has been described. The protocol worked well with good yields for electron withdrawing as well as electron donating groups in aryl amines to provide the respective aryl piperazine hydrochlorides. Presence of other labile groups like hydroxyl and thiol in the aryl amines remained unaffected. The said TSIL could be reused upto five cycles without an appreciable loss of the catalytic activity. It is proposed that [BbIm]OH along with a water molecule is able to catalyse the reaction due to symphoria. The proposed mechanism is supported by DFT and molecular dynamics studies. The use of hydrated TSIL like ([BbIm]OH) as reaction media may open new gates in green organic syntheses.
Enantioselective Access to Axial Biaryls via Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydrogen‐Transfer Reductive Amination
Authors: Zhang Bei , Liu Lala , Guo Donghui , Wang Jian
Published: January 2019

Axially chiral biaryls are widespread in natural products, and often utilized as chiral ligands or catalysts in asymmetric catalysis. Driven by the demand of efficient assembly of axial biaryls, we describe herein a novel atropoenantioselective synthesis of biaryls via a ruthenium catalyzed hydrogen‐transfer reductive amination and dynamic kinetic resolution process. This protocol enriches the diversity of axial biaryl amine‐alcohols bearing various substituents and functional groups.
Applicability of an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte to a Phosphorus‐Doped Silicon Negative Electrode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yodoya Shuhei , Domi Yasuhiro , Usui Hiroyuki , Sakaguchi Hiroki
Published: January 2019

We investigated the applicability of an ionic liquid electrolyte to a phosphorus‐doped Si (P‐doped Si) electrode to improve the performance and safety of the lithium‐ion battery. The electrode exhibited excellent cycling performance with a discharge capacity of 1000 mA h g−1 over 1400 cycles in the ionic liquid electrolyte, whereas the capacity decayed at the 170th cycle in the organic electrolyte. The lithiation/delithiation reaction of P‐doped Si occurred a localized region in the organic electrolyte, which generated a high stress and large strain. The strain accumulated under repeated charge‐discharge cycling, leading to severe electrode disintegration. In contrast, the reaction of P‐doped Si proceeded uniformly in the ionic liquid electrolyte, which suppressed the electrode disintegration. The P‐doped Si electrode also showed good rate performance in the ionic liquid electrolyte; a discharge capacity of 1000 mA h g−1 was retained at 10 C.
Understanding the Role of Fluorination on the Interaction of Electrolytic Carbonates with Li+ through an Electronic Structure Approach
Authors: Kushwaha Anoop Kumar , Sahoo Mihir Ranjan , Nayak Saroj Kumar
Published: January 2019

The donor‐acceptor orbital interaction between the unoccupied orbital of Li+ and the lone pair of oxygen atoms in the carbonyl group of Li+‐carbonate complexes shows significant decrease on fluorination. This has been investigated through molecular orbital formalism based density functional theory. The fluorination process lowers the binding energy (reduced up to 13.8 kcal/mol), and widens the HOMO‐LUMO gap (enhanced up to 0.7 eV), which is essential for achieving electrolytes with high potential window in Li‐ion battery. Furthermore, the impact of fluorination on few critical factors has been observed, i. e. dipole moment (drastic enhancement), IR spectra (most affected C=O vibrational mode shows blue shift in the spectra) and Raman active mode (carbonyl group stretching mode doublet (
) shifted to higher frequency) which have been probed by vibrational frequency analysis.
A Facile Iodine‐Promoted Enals‐Based cis‐Selective Construction of Aziridine‐2‐aldehyde in Water
Authors: Singh Puneet K. , Verma Fooleswar , Bhardiya Smita R. , Singh Manorama , Rai Vijai K. , Rai Ankita
Published: January 2019

Direct I2‐catalyzed novel aziridination of [E]‐cinnamaldehyde using Chloramine–T as nitrogen transfer agent and (BTEAC) as phase transfer catalyst is reported. Operational simplicity, excellent yield of pure products (84‐93%), excellent diastereoselectivity (95‐99%) in favour of cis isomer, ambient reaction conditions and using water as solvent are the salient features of envisaged methodology for direct conversion of enals into tosylaziridines.
Title Confined Sn Nanoparticles into 3D Porous Carbon Skeleton for High Performance Lithium Storage
Authors: Zhang Ya , Wu Gan , Shi Yueli , Hu Yi , Sun Yongwen , Ju Zhicheng , Zhuang Quanchao
Published: January 2019

Sn‐based materials, one of the most promising alternatives, hold higher theoretical capacity (994 mA h g−1) than traditional graphite anodes and attract great attention in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, an in‐situ formed sodium chloride (NaCl) is employed as the template to support the formation of a three‐dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous carbon skeleton. The 3D porous materials, which specific surface area reach 221.1 m2/g, can shorten the ions transport path and increase the contact between the electrode and the electrolyte. Meanwhile, the Sn nanoparticles are restricted in the carbon matrix, which can effectively enhance the conductivity and solve some major problems of the volume fluctuation, particle aggregation and electrode pulverization. Consequently, the 3D porous carbon skeleton/Sn (3D‐PCSS) composites exhibit a high capacity (1046.7 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1 after 60 cycles), long cycle life (490 mA h g−1 after 600 cycles at 1000 mA g−1) and excellent rate performance. Moreover, a new method to improve energy storage properties in LIBs will be involved‐confining Sn nanoparticles in hierarchically porous 3D carbon skeleton.
Metal‐Free Graphene Oxide Promoted a Novel Multicomponent Reaction for the Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Quinazolinones Using DMSO as One Carbon Synthon
Authors: Hada Sonal , Khan Zai Mohammed Shahrukh , Roat Priyanka , Verma Ved Prakash , Shah Anuj Kumar , Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Kumari Neetu
Published: January 2019

Here we report graphene oxide (GO) promoted 3‐component reaction of isatoic anhydride, benzylamines and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as one carbon source. Synthesized GO was well characterized by SEM, XRD, EDX, XPS and thermal stability was confirmed by TGA. A series of 3‐substituted quinazolinone was developed under mild and environmentally friendly conditions in moderate to good yields. A tentative mechanism is also proposed.
Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, Anticonvulsant and Antinociceptive Properties of New 1,1‐Disubstituted Cyclohexane and 1,3‐Diazaspiro[4.5]decane Derivatives
Authors: Aboul‐Enein Mohamed Nabil , El‐Azzouny Aida A. , Ragab Fatma , Abdel‐Maksoud Mohammed S. , Abd‐Allah Walaa H. , Maklad Yousreya
Published: January 2019

The current work describes the synthesis of new series of N‐(1‐(cyclohexylcarbamoyl) cyclohexyl)‐N‐phenylarylamides (10 a‐h) and 3‐cyclohexyl‐1,2‐diphenyl and 2‐(substituted phenyl)‐1,3‐diazaspiro[4.5]decanes (12 a‐h).The new compounds were screened for their anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activities using sodium valproate and tramadol hydrochloride, respectively as reference standards. 4‐Chloro‐N‐(1‐(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)cyclohexyl)‐N‐phenylbenzamide (10 b), 3‐Cyclohexyl‐1,2‐diphenyl‐1,3‐diazaspiro[4.5]decane (12 a) and 3‐Cyclohexyl‐1‐phenyl‐2‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐diazaspiro[4.5]decane (12 d) showed higher anticonvulsant activity than sodium valproate at dose 0.08 mmol/kg. On the other hand, 4‐Amino‐N‐(1‐(cyclohexylcarbamoyl) cyclohexyl)‐N‐phenylbenzamide (10 h) and 3‐Cyclohexyl‐1‐phenyl‐2‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐diazaspiro[4.5]decane (12 d) exhibited higher antinociceptive potential in both intensity and duration than tramadol hydrochloride. The pharmacokinetics of the new compounds were calculated in‐ silico. Additionally, 3D pharmacophoric model was generated.
Lanthanide‐Doped Photoluminescence Hollow Structures: Recent Advances and Applications
Authors: Zong Lingbo , Wang Zumin , Yu Ranbo
Published: January 2019

Lanthanide‐doped nanomaterials have attracted significant attention for their preeminent properties and widespread applications. Due to the unique characteristic, the lanthanide‐doped photoluminescence materials with hollow structures may provide advantages including enhanced light harvesting, intensified electric field density, improved luminescent property, and larger drug loading capacity. Herein, the synthesis, properties, and applications of lanthanide‐doped photoluminescence hollow structures (LPHSs) are comprehensively reviewed. First, different strategies for the engineered synthesis of LPHSs are described in detail, which contain hard, soft, self‐templating methods and other techniques. Thereafter, the relationship between their structure features and photoluminescence properties is discussed. Then, niche applications including biomedicines, bioimaging, therapy, and energy storage/conversion are focused on and superiorities of LPHSs for these applications are particularly highlighted. Finally, keen insights into the challenges and personal prospects for the future development of the LPHSs are provided.
Stability and Performance of Nanostructured Perovskites for Light‐Harvesting Applications
Authors: Gabski Mirko , Ostendorp Stefan , Peterlechner Martin , Wilde Gerhard
Published: January 2019

Halide perovskites in general and organometal‐halide perovskites in particular have become an intensely researched topic due their excellent optical properties, cheap production costs, and easy fabrication procedures. A high absorption coefficient, paired with a direct bandgap and a wide variety of accessible deposition method, makes these perovskites an excellent materials class for use in a plethora of applications, ranging from solar cells to light‐emitting diodes, and image sensors with architectures of varying length scales ranging from simple thin‐film solid‐state solar cells to highly ordered nanostructured solar cells and sensors. A downside of perovskites is their poor stability when subjected to ambient conditions as a consequence of poor encapsulation which, can be countered by using a nanostructured as additional encapsulation. In this work, different approaches to fabricate nanostructured perovskite‐based light harvesting devices are outlined and the influences of nanostructuring on the performance and stability of the incorporated perovskites are discussed, as well as future research perspectives being highlighted.
Analytical lifecycle management approach: Application to development of a reliable LC method for estimation of lacidipine
Authors: Panda Sagar Suman , Bera Ravi Kumar Venkata Varaha , Acharjya Sasmita Kumari , Sahoo Padmalaya , Beg Sarwar
Published: January 2019

Lack of quality analytical methods with assured robustness and reliability has always been a serious concern for drug regulatory agencies. In the present study, a contemporary approach of analytical life‐cycle management resulted in the robust and reliable chromatographic analysis of lacidipine at a retention time of 5.1 min on a C‐18 column. Method variables such as %acetonitrile, flow rate, and pH were optimized using the design of experiment approach and their effect on critical quality attributes was studied. The attributes of the present study were significantly influenced by %acetonitrile and flow of the mobile phase. The newly optimized method was validated for various parameters with values in accordance with federal guidance. The lifecycle approach proved to be beneficial for routine application with a potential of future bio‐analytical utility.
Regulation of von Willebrand Factor Gene in Endothelial Cells That Are Programmed to Pluripotency and Differentiated Back to Endothelial Cells
Authors: Nakhaei-Nejad Maryam , Farhan Maikel , Mojiri Anahita , Jabbari Hosna , Murray Allan G. , Jahroudi Nadia
Published: January 2019

Endothelial cells play a central role in physiological function and pathophysiology of blood vessels in health and disease. However, the molecular mechanism that establishes the endothelial phenotype, and contributes to its signature cell type-specific gene expression, is not yet understood. We studied the regulation of a highly endothelial-specific gene, von Willebrand factor (VWF), in induced pluripotent stem cells generated from primary endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells [HUVEC] into a pluripotent state [HiPS]) and subsequently differentiated back into endothelial cells. This allowed us to explore how VWF expression is regulated when the endothelial phenotype is revoked (endothelial cells to HiPS), and re-established (HiPS back to endothelial cells [EC-Diff]). HiPS were generated from HUVECs, their pluripotency established, and then differentiated back to endothelial cells. We established phenotypic characteristics and robust angiogenic function of EC-Diff. Gene array analyses, VWF chromatin modifications, and transacting factors binding assays were performed on the three cell types (HUVEC, HiPS, and EC-Diff). The results demonstrated that generally cohorts of transacting factors that function as transcriptional activators, and those that contribute to histone acetylation and DNA demethylation, were significantly decreased in HiPS compared with HUVECs and EC-Diff. In contrast, there were significant increases in the gene expression levels of epigenetic modifiers that function as methyl transferases in HiPS compared with endothelial cells. The results demonstrated that alterations in chromatin modifications of the VWF gene, in addition to expression and binding of transacting factors that specifically function as activators, are responsible for establishing endothelial specific regulation of the VWF gene. Stem Cells  2019;37:542–554
Should We Use Racial and Gender Generics?
Authors: Ritchie Katherine ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2019

Recently several philosophers have argued that racial, gender, and other social generic generalizations should be avoided given their propensity to promote essentialist thinking, obscure the social nature of categories, and contribute to oppression. Here I argue that a general prohibition against social generics goes too far. Given that the truth of many generics require regularities or systematic rather than mere accidental correlations, they are our best means for describing structural forms of violence and discrimination. Moreover, their accuracy, their persistence in the face of counterexamples, and features of the contemporary socio-political context make generics useful linguistic tools in social justice projects.
Poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer blend composites with wood flour and wollastonite: Physical properties, morphology, and biodegradability
Authors: Chaiwutthinan Phasawat , Chauyjuljit Saowaroj , Thipkham Nutthawut , Kowalski Chatr Panithipongwut , Boonmahitthisud Anyaporn
Published: January 2019

In the present study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a biodegradable plastic, was melt‐blended with five weight percentages (10–50 wt%) of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, a non‐biodegradable plastic, having a vinyl acetate content of 19 wt% and a melt flow index of 530 g/10 min, on a twin screw extruder, followed by an injection molding. The blends at 10 and 20 wt% EVA revealed a noticeably increased impact strength and strain at break over the pure PLA, and the blend at 10 wt% EVA exhibited the highest impact strength and strain at break. The 90/10 (wt%/wt%) PLA/EVA blend was then selected for preparing either single or hybrid composite with wood flour (WF) and wollastonite (WT). The filler loading was fixed at 30 parts by weight per hundred of resin throughout the experiment, and the WF/WT weight ratios were 30/0, 20/10, 15/15, 10/20, and 0/30. The prepared composites were examined for their mechanical and thermal properties, melt flow index, flammability, water uptake, and biodegradability as a function of composition. All the composites showed a filler‐dose‐dependent decrease in the impact strength and strain at break, but an increase in the tensile and flexural modulus (optimal at 0/30 WF/WT) and tensile and flexural strength (optimal at 30/0 WF/WT) as compared with the neat 90/10 (wt%/wt%) PLA/EVA blend. In addition, the melt flow index, char residue, anti‐dripping ability, water uptake, and biodegradability of the composites were also higher than those of the neat blend. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:313–327, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Indian summer monsoon: Extreme events, historical changes, and role of anthropogenic forcings
Authors: Singh Deepti , Ghosh Subimal , Roxy Mathew K. , McDermid Sonali
Published: January 2019

The South Asian summer monsoon is a complex coupled human‐natural system that poses unique challenges for understanding its evolution alongside increasing anthropogenic activities. Rapid and substantial changes in land‐use, land‐management and industrial activities over the subcontinent, and warming in the Indian Ocean, have influenced the South Asian summer monsoon. These might continue to be significant drivers in the near‐term along with rising global greenhouse gas emissions. Deciphering the region's vulnerability to climate change requires an understanding of how these anthropogenic activities, acting on a range of spatial scales, have shaped the monsoon spatially and temporally. This review summarizes historical changes in monsoon rainfall characteristics, associated mechanisms, and the role of anthropogenic forcings, focusing on subseasonal variability and extreme events. Several studies have found intensified subseasonal extremes across parts of India and an increase in spatial variability of rainfall despite an overall weakening of seasonal rainfall in the monsoon core. However, understanding these changes remains challenging because of uncertainties in observations and climate models. The mechanisms and relative influences of various anthropogenic activities, particularly on subseasonal extremes, remain relatively underexplored. Large biases in the representation of relevant processes in global climate models limit the ability to attribute historical changes and make reliable projections. Nevertheless, recent advances in modeling these processes using higher‐resolution modeling frameworks provide new tools to investigate the Indian summer monsoon's response to various anthropogenic forcings. There is an urgent need to understand how these forcings interact to shape climate variability and change in this vulnerable region.

This article is categorized under:

Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Earth System Behavior
Host‐Guest Complexes of Dodeka(ethylene)octamine: Prediction of Ion Selectivity by Quantum Chemical Calculations IX
Authors: Puchta Ralph , Walther Daniel , März Matthias , Begel Svetlana , van Eldik Rudi
Published: January 2019

In this contribution we investigated the ion complexation of Bühl's cryptand, dodeka(ethylene)octamine by quantum chemical methods (B3LYP/LANL2DZp). This cryptand is an isomer of a well‐known Lehn‐type cryptand [TriPip222]. The ion selectivity was determined based on the energetic criteria derived by model reactions starting from solvated metal ions and empty dodeka(ethylene)octamine, and by comparing the M–N bond length in [M ⊂ dodeka(ethylene)octamine]m+ and [M(NH3)6]m+. We calculated that Bühl's cryptand will complex best Na+ followed by Li+ as alkaline cations and Ca2+ followed by Mg2+ as alkaline earth metal ions. Based on this data we conclude that Bühl's cryptand offers a smaller cavity to nest ions than the Lehn‐type [TriPip222].
Superselection sectors of gravitational subregions
Authors: Camps Joan
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Motivated by the problem of defining the entanglement entropy of the graviton, we study the division of the phase space of general relativity across subregions. Our key requirement is demanding that the separation into subregions is imaginary — i.e., that entangling surfaces are not physical. This translates into a certain condition on the symplectic form. We find that gravitational subregions that satisfy this condition are bounded by surfaces of extremal area. We characterise the ‘centre variables’ of the phase space of the graviton in such subsystems, which can be taken to be the conformal class of the induced metric in the boundary, subject to a constraint involving the traceless part of the extrinsic curvature. We argue that this condition works to discard local deformations of the boundary surface to infinitesimally nearby extremal surfaces, that are otherwise available for generic codimension-2 extremal surfaces of dimension ≥ 2.
Fast‐Track Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Factors Associated with Early Discharge
Authors: Mahvi David A. , Pak Linda M. , Bose Sourav K. , Urman Richard D. , Gold Jason S. , Whang Edward E.
Published: January 2019

Background

Pancreaticoduodenectomy is a complex surgery frequently associated with prolonged hospitalizations. However, there are a subset of patients discharged within 5 days from surgery; the preoperative and intraoperative characteristics of this subset are unknown.

Methods

The NSQIP Targeted Pancreatectomy Dataset was used from 2014 to 2016. Patients who died within 30 days were excluded. A total of 10,741 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy were identified. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for preoperative and intraoperative ACS‐NSQIP variables to identify predictors of early discharge. Early discharge was defined as discharge 3–5 days after surgery.

Results

A total of 1105 patients (10.3%) were discharged within 5 days following pancreaticoduodenectomy. On multivariable analysis, preoperative factors associated with early discharge included younger age (OR 0.988, p < 0.001), non‐obesity (OR 0.737, p = 0.001), those receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR 1.424, p < 0.001), and lack of COPD (OR 0.489, p = 0.005) or hypertension (OR 0.805, p = 0.007). Intraoperative factors associated with early discharge on multivariable analysis were shorter operation duration (OR 0.999, p = 0.002), minimally invasive surgery (OR 3.537, p < 0.001), and hard pancreatic texture (OR 1.480, p < 0.001). Intraoperative factors associated with non‐early discharge were epidural placement (OR 0.485, p < 0.001), drain placement (OR 0.308, p < 0.001), and jejunostomy tube placement (OR 0.278, p < 0.001). Patients discharged within 5 days had a 14.7% readmission rate compared to 17.0% for later discharges (p = 0.047).

Conclusions

Multiple preoperative and intraoperative factors, including some that are potentially modifiable, were significantly associated with early discharge after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Patients with these characteristics may benefit from enhanced recovery after surgery programs and expedited disposition planning postoperatively.
Early Acute Kidney Injury Within an Established Enhanced Recovery Pathway: Uncommon and Transitory
Authors: Grass Fabian , Lovely Jenna K. , Crippa Jacopo , Mathis Kellie L. , Hübner Martin , Larson David W.
Published: January 2019

Background

The present study aimed to assess the impact of perioperative fluid management on early acute kidney injury (AKI) rate and long‐term sequelae in patients undergoing elective colorectal procedures within an enhanced recovery pathway (ERP).

Methods

Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients from a prospectively maintained ERP database (2011–2015) is performed. Pre‐ and postoperative creatinine levels (within 24 h) were compared according to risk (preoperative creatinine rise ×1.5), injury (×2), failure (×3), loss of kidney function and end‐stage kidney disease (RIFLE) criteria. Risk factors for early AKI were identified through logistic regression analysis, and long‐term outcome in patients with AKI was assessed.

Results

Out of 7103 patients, 4096 patients (58%) with pre‐ and postoperative creatinine levels were included. Of these, 104 patients (2.5%) presented postoperative AKI. AKI patients received higher amounts of POD 0 fluids (3.8 ± 2.4 vs. 3.2 ± 2 L, p = 0.01) and had increased postoperative weight gain at POD 2 (6 ± 4.9 vs. 3 ± 2.7 kg, p = 0.007). Independent risk factors for AKI were high ASA score (ASA ≥ 3: OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1–2.5), prolonged operating time (>180 min: OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.3–2.9) and diabetes mellitus (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.5–4), while minimally invasive surgery was a protective factor (OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.4–0.9). Five patients (0.1%) developed chronic kidney disease, and two of them needed dialysis after a mean follow‐up of 33.7 ± 22.4 months.

Conclusions

Early AKI was very uncommon in the present cohort of colorectal surgery patients treated within an ERP, and long‐term sequelae were exceptionally low.
High‐Dose RAI Therapy Justified by Pathological N1a Disease Revealed by Prophylactic Central Neck Dissection for cN0 Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients: Is it Superior to Low‐Dose RAI Therapy?
Authors: Wei Lan , Bai Lin , Zhao Lina , Yu Tianyu , Ma Qingjie , Ji Bin
Published: January 2019

Objective

One of the presumed advantages of prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) is offering staging basis for more aggressive radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, which postulates the necessity of high dose for treatment efficacy. The present study aims to compare the effectiveness between low‐dose and high‐dose RAI in a select cohort of cN0 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients with pathological N1a (pN1a) disease revealed by pCND in terms of ablation rate and response to therapy. The frequency of short‐term adverse effects between the two groups was also compared.

Patients and Methods

From January 2014 to April 2016, cN0 PTC patients with pN1a disease revealed by pCND in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with other indications for high‐dose RAI, such as the presence of extrathyroidal extension, vascular invasion or suspicions of distant metastasis, were excluded. For the included patients, high dose (3700 MBq) was administered between January 2014 and August 2015 and low dose (1110 MBq) between August 2015 and April 2016. Ablation assessment was performed 6 months after RAI therapy. Response evaluation after RAI therapy was performed after 46.3 ± 9.5 months for high‐dose group and 29.1 ± 2.6 months for low‐dose group. All patients were also evaluated for short‐term adverse effects 24 and 72 hours after RAI administration.

Results

A total of 84 patients were enrolled. Among them, 42 were in the high‐dose group and the other 42 in the low‐dose group. There was no significant difference in ablation rate (P = 0.7707) and response to RAI therapy (P = 0.6454) between the two groups. Twenty‐four hours after RAI administration, neck pain and swelling (33.3% VS. 11.9%; P = 0.0372) and gastrointestinal discomfort (45.2% vs. 21.4%; P = 0.0373) were significantly more frequent in the high‐dose group.

Conclusion

High‐dose RAI therapy, with higher frequency of short‐term adverse effects, appears to be not superior to low‐dose RAI therapy for cN0 PTC patients with pN1a disease revealed by pCND to achieve better response to therapy. Further randomized studies with larger series of patients and longer follow‐up duration, especially with the low‐dose group, are needed to validate our results.
Artists' books as catalysts for social change
Authors: Carlin Jane Anne
Published: January 2019

From the moment Gutenberg's Bible was set to print, books have played a role in shaping society. The enduring legacy of the book as a powerful vehicle for social transformation is just as significant today as it was over five hundred years ago. Contemporary artists’ books can serve as powerful catalysts within the classroom and in the community to foster conversations that address social justice issues and to generate dialog that can lead to greater understanding. This article will focus on how one liberal arts college library has promoted artists’ books in conversations to explore cultural competency and to encourage understanding.
Uses of archives as creative activity: what does it mean to be creative within the archive and library profession?
Authors: Chow Ann
Published: January 2019

Archivists and art librarians are well versed in developing activities and projects using archives and library materials in object-based learning activities and engaging artists and creative practitioners with archives and special collections. But what does framing the uses of archives as creative activity really mean for the way in which we work on a practical level? I expand this question from the initial blog post I wrote: Possibilities of archives (storyingthepast.wordpress.com). Can we, like the creative practitioners we engage with, be truly creative – and if so, what could this look like? It is a pertinent question because creativity, in part, enables us to progress and innovate as the archive and library sectors continue to evolve.

I take an interdisciplinary approach to developing workshops as demonstrative case studies, with intersections from archival theory, education, and the visual arts; I first outline what creativity could look like when developing Creative Workshops from within an archival context. I also outline and reflect on how being creative can be beneficial to our profession as well as to the wider arts communities who engage with art archives and special collections.
A lung ultrasound score for early triage of elderly patients with acute dyspnea
Authors: Markarian Thibaut , Zieleskiewicz Laurent , Perrin Gilles , Claret Pierre-Géraud , Loundou Anderson , Michelet Pierre , Bobbia Xavier
Published: January 2019

Objectives

Lung ultrasound has value in diagnosing dyspnea. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a modified lung ultrasound (MLUS) score to predict the severity of acute dyspnea in elderly patients.

Methods

This was an observational single-centre study including patients over age 64 admitted to the emergency department for acute dyspnea with hypoxia. Participants had an early lung ultrasound performed by a dedicated emergency physician, followed by the usual care by a team blinded to the lung ultrasound results. Patients were allocated by disposition to either a critical care (CC) group (patients who needed admission to the intensive care unit [ICU] and/or who died within 48 h) or a standard care group.

Results

Among 137 patients analysed (mean age 79 ± 13 years, 74 [54%] women), 43 (31%) were categorized into the CC group. The time taken to obtain the MLUS was 30 ± 22 min. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the MLUS for predicting the CC group was 0.97 (0.92–0.99; p < 0.01) with a cut-off set strictly above 17 for 93% sensitivity (81–99), 99% specificity (94–100), a positive predictive value of 98% (87–100), a negative predictive value of 97% (91–99), a positive likelihood ratio of 86, a negative likelihood ratio of 0.07, and a diagnostic accuracy of 97% (93–99). In a multivariate analysis, the MLUS was the only independent associated factor for the CC group.

Conclusion

An early lung ultrasound score can predict the need for ICU admission and/or death within 48 hours in elderly dyspneic patients.
Utilization of Spinal Intra-operative Three-dimensional Navigation by Canadian Surgeons and Trainees: A Population-based Time Trend Study
Authors: Guha Daipayan , Moghaddamjou Ali , Jiwani Zaneen H. , Alotaibi Naif M. , Fehlings Michael G. , Mainprize Todd G. , Yee Albert , Yang Victor X.D.
Published: January 2019

Background

Computer-assisted navigation (CAN) improves the accuracy of spinal instrumentation in vertebral fractures and degenerative spine disease; however, it is not widely adopted because of lack of training, high capital costs, workflow hindrances, and accuracy concerns. We characterize shifts in the use of spinal CAN over time and across disciplines in a single-payer health system, and assess the impact of intra-operative CAN on trainee proficiency across Canada.

Methods

A prospectively maintained Ontario database of patients undergoing spinal instrumentation from 2005 to 2014 was reviewed retrospectively. Data were collected on treated pathology, spine region, surgical approach, institution type, and surgeon specialty. Trainee proficiency with CAN was assessed using an electronic questionnaire distributed across 15 Canadian orthopedic surgical and neurosurgical programs.

Results

In our provincial cohort, 16.8% of instrumented fusions were CAN-guided. Navigation was used more frequently in academic institutions (15.9% vs. 12.3%, p<0.001) and by neurosurgeons than orthopedic surgeons (21.0% vs. 12.4%, p<0.001). Of residents and fellows 34.1% were fully comfortable using spinal CAN, greater for neurosurgical than orthopedic surgical trainees (48.1% vs. 11.8%, p=0.008). The use of CAN increased self-reported proficiency in thoracic instrumentation for all trainees by 11.0% (p=0.036), and in atlantoaxial instrumentation for orthopedic trainees by 18.0% (p=0.014).

Conclusions

Spinal CAN is used most frequently by neurosurgeons and in academic centers. Most spine surgical trainees are not fully comfortable with the use of CAN, but report an increase in technical comfort with CAN guidance particularly for thoracic instrumentation. Increased education in spinal CAN for trainees, particularly at the fellowship stage and, specifically, for orthopedic surgery, may improve adoption.
Development of a nutritional documentation tool: a Delphi study
Authors: Berger Stefanie , Eglseer Doris , Eisenberger Anna , Wirnsberger Gerhard H. , Roller-Wirnsberger Regina E.
Published: January 2019

In daily clinical practice, the smooth, timely and comprehensive transfer of information between care settings is important and reflects a cornerstone of high-quality patient care. The integration of nutritional information in the medical information transfer is currently not included in an evidence-based approach. It was, therefore, the aim of this study to develop a nutritional documentation tool (NDoc) on the basis of evidence and test it for its usability in daily clinical practice. Based on the results of a literature review, the authors collected core content using a modified Delphi survey from experts across Europe and included the information collected in a structured, NDoc. The subsequently developed tool included thirty items and was tested for its usability on a daily basis among primary care physicians and clinical physicians. The new NDoc can be introduced for use in any computer-based hospital information system regionally and adapted for worldwide use.
Publicity, Civil Liberties, and Political Life in Princely Hyderabad
Authors: MANTENA RAMA SUNDARI
Published: January 2019

In the 1930s, there were two glaring questions confronting the princely state of Hyderabad's Administration: the question of sovereignty (or the political future of the Hyderabad) and the problem of civil liberties. This article explores the complex socio-political conditions in the early decades of the twentieth century that gave rise to the formation of dynamic civil-society institutions in the princely state of Hyderabad. In particular, it asks how and why the discourse of civil liberties was taken up by these institutions and assesses the response of the Hyderabad Administration with respect to safeguarding civil liberties for its subjects. What the historical record reveals is that the early decades of the twentieth century in Hyderabad became a battleground between the Hyderabad Administration and the burgeoning public sphere that the Administration could not control nor manage.
PhD Abstracts
Authors: HUTTON GRAHAM
Published: January 2019

Many students complete PhDs in functional programming each year. As a service to the community, twice per year the Journal of Functional Programming publishes the abstracts from PhD dissertations completed during the previous year.
Have Synergies Between Nitrogen Deposition and Atmospheric CO2 Driven the Recent Enhancement of the Terrestrial Carbon Sink?
Authors: O'Sullivan Michael , Spracklen Dominick V. , Batterman Sarah A. , Arnold Steve R. , Gloor Manuel , Buermann Wolfgang
Published: January 2019

The terrestrial carbon sink has increased since the turn of this century at a time of increased fossil fuel burning, yet the mechanisms enhancing this sink are not fully understood. Here we assess the hypothesis that regional increases in nitrogen deposition since the early 2000s has alleviated nitrogen limitation and worked in tandem with enhanced CO2 fertilization to increase ecosystem productivity and carbon sequestration, providing a causal link between the parallel increases in emissions and the global land carbon sink. We use the Community Land Model (CLM4.5‐BGC) to estimate the influence of changes in atmospheric CO2, nitrogen deposition, climate, and their interactions to changes in net primary production and net biome production. We focus on two periods, 1901–2016 and 1990–2016, to estimate changes in land carbon fluxes relative to historical and contemporary baselines, respectively. We find that over the historical period, nitrogen deposition (14%) and carbon‐nitrogen synergy (14%) were significant contributors to the current terrestrial carbon sink, suggesting that long‐term increases in nitrogen deposition led to a substantial increase in CO2 fertilization. However, relative to the contemporary baseline, changes in nitrogen deposition and carbon‐nitrogen synergy had no substantial contribution to the 21st century increase in global carbon uptake. Nonetheless, we find that increased nitrogen deposition in East Asia since the early 1990s contributed 50% to the overall increase in net biome production over this region, highlighting the importance of carbon‐nitrogen interactions. Therefore, potential large‐scale changes in nitrogen deposition could have a significant impact on terrestrial carbon cycling and future climate.
The 12 November 2017 Mw 7.3 Ezgeleh‐Sarpolzahab (Iran) Earthquake and Active Tectonics of the Lurestan Arc
Authors: Nissen Edwin , Ghods Abdolreza , Karasözen Ezgi , Elliott John R. , Barnhart William D. , Bergman Eric A. , Hayes Gavin P. , Jamal‐Reyhani Mohammadreza , Nemati Majid , Tan Fengzhou , Abdulnaby Wathiq , Benz Harley M. , Shahvar Mohammad P. , Talebian Morteza , Chen Ling
Published: January 2019

The 12 November 2017 Mw 7.3 Ezgeleh‐Sarpolzahab earthquake is the largest instrumentally recorded earthquake in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt by a factor of ∼10 in seismic moment. Exploiting local, regional, and teleseismic data and synthetic aperture radar interferometry imagery, we characterize the rupture, its aftershock sequence, background seismicity, and regional tectonics. The mainshock ruptured slowly (∼2 km/s), unilaterally southward, for ∼40 km along an oblique (dextral‐thrust) fault that dips ∼14°E beneath the northwestern Lurestan arc. Slip is confined to basement depths of ∼12–18 km, resolvably beneath the sedimentary cover which is ∼8 km thick in this area. The gentle dip angle and basement location allow for a broad slip area, explaining the large magnitude relative to earthquakes in the main Fars arc of the Zagros, where shallower, steeper faults are limited in rupture extent by weak sedimentary layers. Early aftershocks concentrate around the southern and western edges of the mainshock slip area and therefore cluster in the direction of rupture propagation, implying a contribution from dynamic triggering. A cluster of events ∼100 km to the south near Mandali (Iraq) reactivated the ∼50° dipping Zagros Foredeep Fault. The basement fault responsible for the Ezgeleh‐Sarpolzahab earthquake probably accounts for the ∼1 km elevation contrast between the Lurestan arc and the Kirkuk embayment but is distinct from sections of the Mountain Front Fault that define frontal escarpments elsewhere in the Zagros. It may be related to a seismic interface underlying the central and southern Lurestan arc, and a key concern is whether or not the more extensive regional structure is also seismogenic.
Strategies to Improve and Evaluate Physics‐Based Hyperresolution Hydrologic Simulations at Regional Basin Scales
Authors: Ko Ara , Mascaro Giuseppe , Vivoni Enrique R.
Published: January 2019

The application of physics‐based distributed hydrologic models (DHMs) at hyperresolutions (~100 m) is expected to support several water‐related applications but is still prevented by critical data, model validation, and computational challenges. In this study, we address some of these challenges by applying the TIN‐based Real‐time Integrated Basin Simulator DHM at a nominal resolution of ~88 m in the Río Sonora basin, a regional watershed of ~21,000 km2 in northwest Mexico. First, we generate reliable high‐resolution (1‐km) hydrometeorological forcings by bias correcting reanalysis products with ground observations and applying downscaling routines that use terrain information at high resolution, which is available globally. Second, we develop a strategy to obtain high‐resolution (250‐m) grids of soil parameters by integrating a coarse‐resolution soil map based on the Food and Agriculture Organization classification with recently released high‐resolution global data sets. Third, we apply the model over a decadal period (2004–2013) and use a set of complementary tools, including Taylor diagrams, connectivity analysis, and empirical orthogonal function analysis, to assess its ability to simulate spatial patterns of land surface temperature through comparison with daily remotely sensed products. We find that (i) the hyperresolution‐simulated patterns capture the spatial variability of land surface temperature quite well and (ii) vegetation properties are the major physical factors controlling the discrepancies between simulated and remotely sensed products. The strategies presented here are based on global data sets and robust statistical techniques that can be utilized in different settings with other DHMs, and thus, they provide valuable support for the scientific community focused on hyperresolution hydrologic modeling.
Optimization of Structural Flood Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Tasseff Byron , Bent Russell , Van Hentenryck Pascal
Published: January 2019

The dynamics of flooding are primarily influenced by the shape, height, and roughness (friction) of the underlying topography. For this reason, mechanisms to mitigate floods frequently employ structural measures that either modify topographic elevation, for example, through the placement of levees and sandbags, or increase roughness, for example, through revegetation projects. However, the configuration of these measures is typically decided in an ad hoc manner, limiting their overall effectiveness. The advent of high‐performance surface‐water modeling software and improvements in black‐box optimization suggest that a more principled design methodology may be possible. This paper proposes a new computational approach to the problem of designing structural mitigation strategies under physical and budgetary constraints. It presents the development of a problem discretization amenable to simulation‐based, derivative‐free optimization. However, meta‐heuristics alone are found to be insufficient for obtaining quality solutions in a reasonable amount of time. As a result, this paper proposes novel numerical and physics‐based procedures to improve convergence to a high‐quality mitigation. The efficiency of the approach is demonstrated on hypothetical dam break scenarios of varying complexity under various mitigation budget constraints. In particular, experimental results show that, on average, the final proposed algorithm results in a 65% improvement in solution quality compared to a direct implementation.
SVIP alleviates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis via activating autophagy and protecting hepatocytes
Authors: Jia Dan , Wang Yuan Yuan , Wang Pin , Huang Yao , Liang David Yuke , Wang Dongmei , Cheng Chuandong , Zhang Caihua , Guo Lianying , Liang Pin , Wang Yang , Jia Yujie , Li Cong
Published: January 2019

Prolonged parenchymal cell death leads to activation of fibrogenic cells and extracellular matrix accumulation and eventually liver fibrosis. Autophagy, a major catabolic process of intracellular degradation and recycling, participates in hepatic fibrosis. However, the precise role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis is controversial. The present study aims to investigate the key role of small VCP/p97 interacting protein (SVIP) against CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis via activating autophagy. Autophagy could be activated by SVIP in HepG2 cells, but starvation cannot increase SVIP expression in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, SVIP expression, in agreement with autophagic activity and the volume of lipid droplets, first increases and then decreases during the progression of liver fibrosis with CCl4 treatment in vivo and in vivo. Further, overexpression of SVIP can protect HepG2 cells from the toxicity of CCl4, which could be enhanced by starvation. Finally, starvation keeps SVIP and autophagy at such high levels in the rat livers that markedly delays the progress of hepatic fibrosis. Probably, the protective effect of SVIP is associated with stabilizing nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and transcription factor EB (TFEB). The current study provides insight into the biological role of SVIP and autophagy in regulating hepatic fibrosis, targeting SVIP might be a novel therapeutic strategy in the future.