bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability of cold‐water coral mounds in a high sediment input and tidal current regime, Straits of Florida
Authors: CORREA THIAGO B.S. , GRASMUECK MARK , EBERLI GREGOR P. , REED JOHN K. , VERWER KLAAS , PURKIS SAM
Published: October 2011

Cold‐water coral mound morphology and development are thought to be controlled primarily by current regime. This study, however, reveals a general lack of correlation between prevailing bottom current direction and mound morphology (i.e. footprint shape and orientation), as well as current strength and mound size (i.e. footprint area and height). These findings are based on quantitative analyses of a high‐resolution geophysical dataset collected with an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle from three cold‐water coral mound sites at the toe of slope of Great Bahama Bank. The three sites (80 km2 total) have an average of 14 mounds km−2, indicating that the Great Bahama Bank slope is a major coral mound region. At all three sites living coral colonies are observed on the surface of the mounds, documenting active mound growth. Morphometric analysis shows that mounds at these sites vary significantly in height (1 to 83 m), area (81 to 6 00 000 m2), shape (mound aspect ratio 0·1 to 1) and orientation (mound longest axis 0 to 180°). The Autonomous Underwater Vehicle measured bottom current data depict a north–south flowing current that reverses approximately every six hours. The tidal nature of this current and its intermittent deviations during reversals are interpreted to contribute to the observed mound complexity. An additional factor contributing to the variability in mound morphometrics is the sediment deposition rate that varies among and within sites. At most locations sedimentation rate lags slightly behind mound growth rate, causing mounds to develop into large structures. Where sedimentation rates are higher than mound growth rates, sediment partially or completely buries mounds. The spatial distribution and alignment of mounds can also be related to gravity mass deposits, as indicated by geomorphological features (for example, slope failure and linear topographic highs) in the three‐dimensional bathymetry. In summary, variability in sedimentation rates, current regime and underlying topography produce extraordinarily high variability in the distribution, development and morphology of coral mounds on the Great Bahama Bank slope.
A comparison of Nd model ages and U–Pb zircon ages of Grenville granitoids: constraints on the evolution of the Laurentian margin from 1.5 to 1.0 Ga
Authors: McNutt Robert H. , Dickin Alan P.
Published: October 2011

Terra Nova, 24, 7–15, 2012

Concordance and discordance between Nd model ages and U–Pb ages is still widely misunderstood in the geological community. In the SW Grenville Province, plutonic orthogneisses often yield TDM ages significantly older than U–Pb crystallization ages, but this can be understood in a model where a series of crustal Nd isotope evolution lines departs at intervals from the depleted mantle (DM) evolution line. Seven samples with concordant U–Pb and Nd model ages have initial ε Nd on the DM line, attributed to melting of juvenile crust generated in an Elzevirian back‐arc rift zone. In contrast, plutons with discordant U–Pb and Nd model ages lie near crustal evolution lines defined by suites of basement gneisses on the flanks of the rift zone. This study shows that Nd data from large suites of geographically constrained, undated grey gneiss provide a crustal evolution framework for orogen‐scale interpretation of more scattered but precisely dated plutons.
DOES A FITTED ABDOMINAL CORSET MAKES COLONOSCOPY MORE TOLERABLE?
Authors: TOROS AHMET BURAK , ERSOZ FEYZULLAH , OZCAN OZHAN
Published: October 2011

Background and Aim:  The present study evaluated the usefulness of a fitted abdominal corset for colonoscopy, enabling proper compression of the abdomen during the entire examination.

Methods:  Patients undergoing colonoscopy were subjected to either traditional methods or to using a fitted abdominal corset. Two hundred and sixteen patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (conventional colonoscopy) and group 2 (colonoscopy with abdominal corset). Cecal intubation rate and time need for manual compression and change of position were recorded. At the end of each colonoscopic examination, the patient evaluated pain by an 11‐point visual analog scale from 0 to 10 (0: no pain, 10: worst pain).

Results:  Cecal intubation time was shorter, the need for extra manual compression and change of position decreased and patients felt less pain during the procedure as denoted by lower visual analog scale scores in the group using a fitted abdominal corset, when compared to the group without a corset, in a statistically proven manner.

Conclusion:  Our data confirm the usefulness of the abdominal corset in decreasing the degree of patient pain and it makes colonoscopy easier and quicker with less manipulation, so we propose using a fitted abdominal corset during routine colonoscopic procedures.
Mozart'sObviouslyCorruptMinuet
Authors: GJERDINGEN ROBERT O.
Published: October 2011

The Romantic and Modern reception and reinterpretation of eighteenth‐century music stretches over a period much longer than that of the eighteenth century itself, in the process forming its own authenticity and norms. Modern editors of eighteenth‐century music must occasionally grapple with musical texts which appear to violate either the earlier or later standards. A minuet whose text seemed ‘obviously corrupt’ to the official editors of Mozart's keyboard sonatas would probably have seemed highly artful yet utterly normative to Mozart or his audiences. A focus on the norms of musical phrases was proposed by the Victorian author Violet Paget, writing under the pseudonym Vernon Lee. Her immersion in eighteenth‐century music at an early age, along with her training in the Italian tradition, gave her a unique position from which to comment on the differences between the musical culture of her own time and that of Mozart and his Italian models.
Electrostatic self‐assembly dyeing of cotton fabrics
Authors: Uğur Şule S , Sarıışık Merih
Published: October 2011

A new approach to the dyeing of cotton fabrics using an electrostatic self‐assembly method was evaluated. Cotton fabrics were pretreated with 2,3‐epoxypropyltrimethylammonuium chloride and cationic charges were produced on the fabric surfaces. For the dyeing of cotton fabric, reactive and acid dyes were used. Oppositely charged anionic reactive/acid dyes and cationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) were alternately deposited on the surface of cationised cotton fabrics. Ten multilayer films of dye/poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) were deposited on the cotton fabric surfaces using a padder. The build‐up of the multilayer films and the level of colour strength (K/S) achieved are discussed. Samples of cotton fabrics were also dyed with the same dyes, but using the exhaust method, and both types of dyed samples were compared. The washing, rubbing and light fastness properties were evaluated for the dyed fabrics.
A figurative proverb test for dementia: rapid detection of disinhibition, excuse and confabulation, causing discommunication
Authors: YAMAGUCHI Haruyasu , MAKI Yohko , YAMAGUCHI Tomoharu
Published: October 2011

Background:  Communicative disability is regarded as a prominent symptom of demented patients, and many studies have been devoted to analyze deficits of lexical‐semantic operations in demented patients. However, it is often observed that even patients with preserved lexical‐semantic skills might fail in interactive social communication. Whereas social interaction requires pragmatic language skills, pragmatic language competencies in demented subjects have not been well understood. We propose here a brief stress‐free test to detect pragmatic language deficits, focusing on non‐literal understanding of figurative expression. We hypothesized that suppression of the literal interpretation was required for figurative language interpretation.

Methods:  We examined 69 demented subjects, 13 subjects with mild cognitive impairment and 61 healthy controls aged 65 years or more. The subjects were asked the meaning of a familiar proverb categorized as a figurative expression. The answers were analyzed based on five factors, and scored from 0 to 5. To consider the influence of cognitive inhibition on proverb comprehension, the scores of the Stroop Colour–Word Test were compared concerning correct and incorrect answers for each factor, respectively. Furthermore, the characteristics of answers were considered in the light of excuse and confabulation qualitatively.

Results:  The proverb comprehension scores gradually decreased significantly as dementia progressed. The literal interpretation of the proverb, which showed difficulties in figurative language comprehension, was related to disinhibition. The qualitative analysis showed that excuse and confabulation increased as the dementia stage progressed.

Conclusions:  Deficits in cognitive inhibition partly explains the difficulties in interactive social communication in dementia. With qualitative analysis, asking the meaning of a proverb can be a brief test applied in a clinical setting to evaluate the stage of dementia, and to illustrate disinhibition, confabulation and excuse, which might cause discommunication and psychosocial maladjustment in demented patients.
Protease inhibitor levels in periodontal health and disease
Authors: Kretschmar S. , Yin L. , Roberts F. , London R. , Flemmig T. T. , Arushanov D. , Kaiyala K. , Chung W. O.
Published: October 2011

Kretschmar S, Yin L, Roberts F, London R, Flemmig TT, Arushanov D, Kaiyala K, Chung WO. Protease inhibitor levels in periodontal health and disease. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 228–235. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Background and Objective:  Our previous study showed that protease inhibitors were attenuated by the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in cultured gingival epithelial cells. We hypothesize that fewer protease inhibitors would be present in more advanced periodontal disease sites, where the level of P. gingivalis may be high. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between the protease inhibitor [secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), elastase‐specific inhibitor (ELAFIN) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA)] levels in gingival crevicular fluid and the number of P. gingivalis micro‐organisms in subgingival plaque.

Material and Methods:  Plaque samples from subjects without (n = 18) and with moderate to advanced periodontitis (n = 41) were used to quantify P. gingivalis using real‐time PCR. Protease inhibitor levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of all the subjects were determined by ELISA.

Results:  P. gingivalis was detected in 68.3% of patients with periodontitis, while 16.7% of subjects without periodontitis had a detectable level of P. gingivalis. Patients with periodontitis and P. gingivalis in their plaque exhibited lower SLPI and ELAFIN levels (p < 0.001) compared with control subjects without periodontitis. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor was also reduced (p < 0.05) in gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients without a detectable level of P. gingivalis. Periodontitis patients with high vs. low levels of P. gingivalis exhibited reciprocal mean levels of SLPI and ELAFIN concentrations.

Conclusion:  The reduced concentrations of SLPI and ELAFIN may contribute to the loss of host protective capacity and increase susceptibility to breakdown from chronic infection. The work of this investigation may aid in finding diagnostic and prognostic markers in periodontal health and disease and may also help in finding pharmacological targets directed against periodontal inflammation.
Proteome data set of human gingival crevicular fluid from healthy periodontium sites by multidimensional protein separation and mass spectrometry
Authors: Carneiro L. G. , Venuleo C. , Oppenheim F. G. , Salih E.
Published: October 2011

Carneiro LG, Venuleo C, Oppenheim FG, Salih E. Proteome data set of human gingival crevicular fluid from healthy periodontium sites by multidimensional protein separation and mass spectrometry. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 248–262. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Background and Objective:  Gingival crevicular fluid has been of major interest for many decades as a valuable body fluid that may serve as a source of biomarkers for both periodontal and systemic diseases. Owing to its very small sample size, submicroliter volumes, identification of its protein composition by classical biochemical methods has been limited. The advent of highly sensitive mass spectrometric technology has permitted large‐scale identification of protein components of many biological samples. This technology has been employed to identify the protein composition of gingival crevicular fluid from inflamed and periodontal sites. In this report, we present a proteome data set of gingival crevicular fluid from healthy periodontium sites.

Material and Methods:  A combination of a periopaper collection method with application of multidimensional protein separation and mass spectrometric technology led to a large‐scale documentation of the proteome of gingival crevicular fluid from healthy periodontium sites.

Results:  The approaches used have culminated in identification of 199 proteins in gingival crevicular fluid of periodontally healthy sites. The present gingival crevicular fluid proteome from healthy sites was compared and contrasted with those proteomes of gingival crevicular fluid from inflamed and periodontal sites, as well as serum. The cross‐correlation of the gingival crevicular fluid and plasma proteomes permitted dissociation of the 199 identified gingival crevicular fluid proteins into 105 proteins (57%) that can be identified in plasma and 94 proteins (43%) that are distinct and unique to the gingival crevicular fluid microenvironment. Such analysis also revealed distinctions in protein functional categories between serum proteins and those specific to the gingival crevicular fluid microenvironment.

Conclusion:  Firstly, the data presented herein provide the proteome of gingival crevicular fluid from periodontally healthy sites through establishment of innovative analytical approaches for effective analysis of gingival crevicular fluid from periopapers both at the level of complete elusion and with removal of abundant albumin, which restricts identification of low‐abundant proteins. Secondly, it adds significantly to the knowledge of gingival crevicular fluid composition and highlights new groups of proteins specific to the gingival crevicular fluid microenvironment.
Prophaenognatha, a New Aclopinae Genus from the Yixian Formation, China and Its Phylogenetic Position Based on Morphological Characters (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: BAI Ming , REN Dong , YANG Xingke
Published: October 2011

Prophaenognatha robusta gen. et sp. nov. (Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aclopinae), the best‐preserved aclopine fossil so far, is described and illustrated from the Upper Jurassic‐Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of the Jehol Biota, western Liaoning Province, NE China. The key to extinct and extant genera of Aclopinae is given and the monophyly of extant and fossil Aclopinae lineages is supported by five character states. The new taxon provides evidence about the evolution of Scarabaeoidea with its phylogenetic position inferred based on 68 morphological characters.
A New Three‐Dimensional Superstructure in Bafertisite
Authors: LI Guowu , XIONG Ming , SHI Nicheng , MA Zhesheng
Published: October 2011

A new superstructure was found in bafertisite [(Ba0.98Na0.02)1.00(Fe1.71Mn0.26Mg0.01)1.98 TiO [(Si1.82Ti0.04Al0.03Cr0.01)1.90O7](OH1.40F0.53Cl0.03)1.96] from Donghai County, Jiangsu Province, China. The occurrence of the superstructure reflections were observed by single crystal diffraction using a SMAR APEX CCD. The a*, b* and c* axis directions revealed extra weak reflection spots of the superstructure. The apparent 2a, 2b and 2c superstructure is monoclinic with unit cell a= 10.6502(15) Å, b= 13.7233(19)Å, c= 21.6897(3)Å, α= 90°, β= 94.698(3)°, γ=90°, space group Cm, Z= 16. If c* extra weak reflections are ignored, the secondary supercell gave a cell a= 10.6548(15)Å, b=13.7284(19)Å, c= 11.6900(17)Å, α= 90°, β= 112.322(28)°, γ= 90°, space group Cm, Z= 8. The basic subcell was obtained by ignoring all extra weak reflection spots and gave: a= 5.3249(17)Å, b=6.8669(22)Å, c= 10.8709(36) Å, α= 90°, β= 94.740(62)°, γ= 90°, space P21/m, Z= 2. The superstructure has been refined to R= 0.063 for 7805 [R(int)= 0.0266] unique reflections I>2δ(I). The structure consists of an octahedra (O) sheet sandwiched between two heteropolyhedral (H) sheets. These sheets consist of Ti‐octahedra and twin tetrahedral disilicate groups [Si2O7]. The O sheet comprises (Fe,Mg)O4 octahedra. The large Ba cation is located in the interlayer area. The refined structure shows Fe, Mg are partly ordered. The shifting of the TiO6 octahedron and SiO4 tetrahedron sites in the sheet may be a consequence of the superstructure.
Petrology and Geochemistry of Post‐Collisional Early Miocene Volcanism in the Karacadaǧ Area (Central Anatolia, Turkey)
Authors: ASAN Kürşad , KURT Hüseyin
Published: October 2011

Early Miocene (ca. 21–18 Ma) volcanism in the Karacadaǧ area comprises three groups of volcanic rocks: (1) calcalkaline suite (andesitic to rhyolitic lavas and their pyroclastics), (2) mildly‐alkaline suite (alkali basalt, hawaiite, mugearite, benmoreite and trachydacite), and (3) a single trachyandesitic flow unit. Field observations, 40Ar/39Ar ages and geochemical data show that there was a progressive temporal transition from group 1 to 3 in a post‐collisional tectonic setting. The calcalkaline suite rocks with medium‐K in composition resemble those of subduction‐related lavas, whereas the mildly‐alkaline suite rocks having a sodic tendency (Na2O/K2O=1.5–3.2) resemble those of within‐plate lavas. Incompatible element and Sr‐Nd isotopic characteristics of the suites suggest that the lithospheric mantle beneath the Karacadaǧ area was heterogeneously enriched by two processes before collision: (1) enrichment by subduction‐related processes, which is important in the genesis of the calcalkaline volcanism, (2) enrichment by small degree melts from the astenosphere, which dominates the mildly alkaline volcanism. Perturbation of the enriched lithosphere by either delamination following collision and uplift or removal of the subducted slab following subduction and collision (i.e., slab breakoff) is the likely mechanism for the initiation of the post‐collision volcanism.
Grains Containing Oil Inclusions in Different Hydrocarbon Production and Show Types of Sandstone Reservoirs from the Central Junggar Basin, Northwest China
Authors: CAO Jian , WANG Xulong , SUN Ping'an , SHI Xinpu , HU Wenxuan , YAO Suping , ZHANG Yueqian , TANG Yong , XIE Xiaomin
Published: October 2011

The values of grains containing oil inclusions (GOI) in 120 reservoir sandstone samples from the central Junggar Basin of Northwest China were investigated. The sandstones are characterized by different types of hydrocarbon production and shows. The values range from 0.015% to 19.9%, and show a fairly good correlation with the hydrocarbon production/shows, which are qualitatively suggestive of reservoir hydrocarbon abundance and petroleum migration. Thus, it may be implied that the values can reflect hydrocarbon migration, being not controlled mainly by the other influencing factors. Further correlation between the values and the reservoir hydrocarbon production and show types indicates that the GOI method can be used in hydrocarbon migration study when the petroleum type of a reservoir is normal oil or gas alone, but it should be used with caution when light oil charges the reservoirs or a complex hydrocarbon migration event takes place. The case study in the central Junggar Basin using the method presents some new understanding on hydrocarbon migration. Thus, the method may help to solve specific petroleum geological problems, and can be treated as a routine tool in hydrocarbon migration study.
A Comparison of Three Job Engagement Measures: Examining their Factorial and Criterion‐Related Validity
Authors: Wefald Andrew J. , Mills Maura J. , Smith Michael R. , Downey Ronald G.
Published: October 2011

Background: Engagement is an emerging job attitude that purports to measure employees' psychological presence at and involvement in their work. This research compares three academic approaches to engagement, and makes recommendations regarding the most appropriate conceptualisation and measurement of the construct in future research. The current research also investigates whether any of these three approaches to engagement contribute unique variance to the prediction of turnover intentions above and beyond the predictive capacity of alternative constructs. Methods: An online survey was taken by 382 employees and managers from a mid‐sized financial institution. Results: Results failed to support either a multi‐ or unidimensional factor structure for the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) engagement measure. For the Shirom‐Melamed Vigor Measure (SMVM), a multi‐dimensional structure was identified as a good fit, while a unidimensional structure fit poorly. The uni‐factorial structure of Britt's engagement measure was confirmed. The Schaufeli measure of engagement was a strong predictor of work outcomes; however, when controlling for job satisfaction and affective commitment, that measure lost its ability to predict intentions to leave. Two components of the Shirom vigor measure held their predictive validity. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings suggest that the Shirom vigor measure may provide better insight into whether and how much a person is ‘into’ his or her job. The Schaufeli measure was a good predictor of important work outcomes, but when job satisfaction and affective commitment were controlled, it lost its predictive validity. We were not able to confirm the three‐factor structure of the Schaufeli measure. Two components of the Shirom vigor measure predicted turnover intentions after controlling for job satisfaction and affective commitment, suggesting less overlap with those constructs than the Schaufeli measure of engagement. This research adds important information on the nature of engagement and is expected to contribute toward a better understanding of the construct itself, as well as its measurement.
Eradication of hepatitis C virus genotype 1 after liver transplantation by interferon therapy before surgery: Report of three patients with analysis of interleukin‐28 polymorphism, hepatitis C virus core region and interferon‐sensitivity determining region
Authors: Kawaoka Tomokazu , Aikata Hiroshi , Miyaki Daisuke , Murakami Eisuke , Azakami Takahiro , Takaki Shintaro , Nagaoki Yuko , Hashimoto Yoshimasa , Katamura Yoshio , Hiramatsu Akira , Waki Koji , Hiraga Nobuhiko , Miki Daiki , Tsuge Masataka , Imamura Michio , Kawakami Yoshiiku , Takahashi Shoichi , Ochi Hidenori , Tashiro Hirotaka , Ohdan Hideki , Chayama Kazuaki
Published: October 2011

The achievement of sustained viral response (SVR) with interferon (IFN) therapy before liver transplantation (LT) is difficult due to liver dysfunction, pancytopenia and frequent side‐effects. Here, we report eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 after LT in three patients by IFN therapy before surgery. All three patients achieved virological response (VR), namely, fall in serum HCV RNA titer below the detection limit of real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) during IFN administration. However, HCV RNA rebound after cessation of treatment in all three patients; namely, they could not achieve SVR despite treatment with pegylated (PEG) IFN plus ribavirin. All three patients had wild‐type amino acids (a.a.) at either aa70 or aa91 in the core region. Genotyping of IL‐28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs8099917) showed TT genotype in two patients and TG genotype in one. All three patients developed multiple hepatocellular carcinomas during the clinical course, and requested living donor LT using liver grafts from their relatives. The patients were treated with IFN to immediately before LT, at which time they remained negative for HCV RNA in serum by real‐time PCR. The three patients were followed‐up for 14–15 months after LT, during which they remained negative for HCV RNA despite no further IFN therapy. In conclusion, it is possible to eradicate HCV after LT by inducing VR with continuous IFN therapy to before LT in spite of viral and host evidences reflecting low susceptibility to IFN treatment.
Oral application of 1,7‐dimethylxanthine (paraxanthine) attenuates the formation of experimental cholestatic liver fibrosis
Authors: Klemmer Ildikó , Yagi Shintaro , Gressner Olav A.
Published: October 2011

Aim:  Several epidemiological studies suggest a beneficial effect of coffee consumption on the formation and progression of fibrogenic diseases, particularly of the liver. Recent data now point to a modulation of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling by paraxanthine (1,7‐dimethylxanthine [1,7‐DMX]), the demethylated primary metabolite of caffeine

Methods:  Twenty adult Sprague–Dawley rats were bile duct ligated (BDL) or sham operated with or without concomitant oral 1,7‐DMX (1 mM) application. Serum was investigated by standard biochemical analysis, in‐house connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis. Liver tissue was stained using hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) and Sirius‐red staining. Whole liver lysates, primary rat hepatocytes (PC) and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) were investigated by CTGF, and total Smad2/3 Western blot analysis, CTGF reporter gene assay or an in‐house malondialdehyde ELISA.

Results:  The in vitro 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) of 1,7‐DMX was 0.95 mM by for CTGF promoter activity and protein expression in PC and 1.25 mM for protein expression in HSC. Oral 1,7‐DMX application (1 mM) attenuated cholestatic hepatocellular injury in vivo as determined by biochemical serum analysis and reduced intercellular collagen deposition in the cholestatic rat liver (HE‐ and Sirius‐red staining). Western Blot analysis of whole liver lysates revealed a reduction of intrahepatic concentrations of Smad2/3 and CTGF following oral 1,7‐DMX intake. However, serum CTGF concentrations were not reduced in 1,7‐DMX treated BDL rats. Oral 1,7‐DMX furthermore led to a reduction of intrahepatic lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde concentrations) as markers of oxidative stress in BDL rats.

Conclusion:  Our pilot study warrants further studies of 1,7‐DMX as a potential new drug to fight fibrotic processes, not just of the liver.
The Mammal Family Tree
Authors: Helgen Kristofer M.
Published: October 2011

A combination of molecular and fossil data yields a well-resolved and well-dated phylogenetic tree for mammalian families.
Dispute Over Tumor Suppressor Gene
Runx3
Boils Over
Authors: Normile Dennis
Published: October 2011

A key, decade-old finding by a prominent Japanese cancer researcher based at the National University of Singapore is under fire from a group in Israel that calls it "irreproducible."
Fusion Power's Road Not Yet Taken
Authors: Clery Daniel
Published: October 2011

Billed as a way of simulating tests of nuclear weapons, a dark-horse technique called inertial confinement fusion might outstrip mainstream fusion projects in producing commercial energy.
Aspergillus versicolor, a New Causative Agent of Canine Disseminated Aspergillosis
Authors: Zhang Shuping , Corapi Wayne , Quist Erin , Griffin Sarah , Zhang Michael
Published: October 2011

Disseminated aspergillosis in dogs has been associated withAspergillus terreusorA. deflectusinfection. We report a case of disseminatedA. versicolorinfection presenting as diskospondylitis, osteomyelitis, and pyelonephritis. The diagnosis was made based on clinical, radiographic, and pathological findings. The etiologic agent was identified by fungal culture and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. This is the first description of canine aspergillosis caused byA. versicolor.
Characterization of Human Endogenous Retroviral Elements in the Blood of HIV-1-Infected Individuals
Authors: Contreras-Galindo Rafael , Kaplan Mark H. , Contreras-Galindo Angie C. , Gonzalez-Hernandez Marta J. , Ferlenghi Ilaria , Giusti Fabiola , Lorenzo Eric , Gitlin Scott D. , Dosik Michael H. , Yamamura Yasuhiro , Markovitz David M.
Published: October 2011

We previously reported finding the RNA of a type K human endogenous retrovirus, HERV-K (HML-2), at high titers in the plasma of HIV-1-infected and cancer patients (R. Contreras-Galindo et al., J. Virol. 82:9329–9236, 2008.). The extent to which the HERV-K (HML-2) proviruses become activated and the nature of their activated viral RNAs remain important questions. Therefore, we amplified and sequenced the full-length RNA of the
env
gene of the type 1 and 2 HERV-K (HML-2) viruses collected from the plasma of seven HIV-1-infected patients over a period of 1 to 3 years and from five breast cancer patients in order to reconstruct the genetic evolution of these viruses. HERV-K (HML-2) RNA was found in plasma fractions of HIV-1 patients at a density of ∼1.16 g/ml that contained both immature and correctly processed HERV-K (HML-2) proteins and virus-like particles that were recognized by anti-HERV-K (HML-2) antibodies. RNA sequences from novel HERV-K (HML-2) proviruses were discovered, including K111, which is specifically active during HIV-1 infection. Viral RNA arose from complete proviruses and proviruses devoid of a 5′ long terminal repeat, suggesting that the expression of HERV-K (HML-2) RNA in these patients may involve sense and antisense transcription. In HIV-1-infected individuals, the HERV-K (HML-2) viral RNA showed evidence of frequent recombination, accumulation of synonymous rather than nonsynonymous mutations, and conserved N-glycosylation sites, suggesting that some of the HERV-K (HML-2) viral RNAs have undergone reverse transcription and are under purifying selection. In contrast, HERV-K (HML-2) RNA sequences found in the blood of breast cancer patients showed no evidence of recombination and exhibited only sporadic viral mutations. This study suggests that HERV-K (HML-2) is active in HIV-1-infected patients, and the resulting RNA message reveals previously undiscovered HERV-K (HML-2) genomic sequences.
Viral Expression Directs the Fate of B Cells in Bovine Leukemia Virus-Infected Sheep
Authors: Florins Arnaud , de Brogniez Alix , Elemans Marjet , Bouzar Amel-Baya , François Carole , Reichert Michal , Asquith Becca , Willems Luc
Published: October 2011

The host immune response is believed to tightly control viral replication of deltaretroviruses such as human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV). However, this assumption has not been definitely proven
in vivo
. In order to further evaluate the importance of the immune response in the BLV model, we studied the fate of cells in which viral expression was transiently induced. Using a dual fluorochrome labeling approach, we showed that
ex vivo
induction of viral expression induces higher death rates of B cells
in vivo
. Furthermore, cyclosporine treatment of these animals indicated that an efficient immune response is required to control virus-expressing cells.
Structural Basis for Norovirus Inhibition and Fucose Mimicry by Citrate
Authors: Hansman Grant S. , Shahzad-ul-Hussan Syed , McLellan Jason S. , Chuang Gwo-Yu , Georgiev Ivelin , Shimoike Takashi , Katayama Kazuhiko , Bewley Carole A. , Kwong Peter D.
Published: October 2011

Human noroviruses bind with their capsid-protruding domains to histo-blood-group antigens (HBGAs), an interaction thought to direct their entry into cells. Although human noroviruses are the major cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks, development of antivirals has been lacking, mainly because human noroviruses cannot be cultivated. Here we use X-ray crystallography and saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance (STD NMR) to analyze the interaction of citrate with genogroup II (GII) noroviruses. Crystals of citrate in complex with the protruding domain from norovirus GII.10 Vietnam026 diffracted to 1.4 Å and showed a single citrate bound at the site of HBGA interaction. The citrate interaction was coordinated with a set of capsid interactions almost identical to that involved in recognizing the terminal HBGA fucose, the saccharide which forms the primary conserved interaction between HBGAs and GII noroviruses. Citrate and a water molecule formed a ring-like structure that mimicked the pyranoside ring of fucose. STD NMR showed the protruding domain to have weak affinity for citrate (460 μM). This affinity, however, was similar to the affinities of the protruding domain for fucose (460 μM) and H type 2 trisaccharide (390 μM), an HBGA shown previously to be specifically recognized by human noroviruses. Importantly, competition STD NMR showed that citrate could compete with HBGA for norovirus binding. Together, the results suggest that citrate and other glycomimetics have the potential to block human noroviruses from binding to HBGAs.
Microtubule- and Dynein-Dependent Nuclear Trafficking of Rhesus Rhadinovirus in Rhesus Fibroblasts
Authors: Zhang Wei , Greene Whitney , Gao Shou-Jiang
Published: October 2011

We investigated the role of microtubules in rhesus rhadinovirus (RRV) nuclear trafficking in rhesus fibroblasts. Intact microtubules and microtubule dynamics are required for RRV trafficking to perinuclear regions. RRV trafficking was reduced by an inhibitor of the dynein motor and overexpression of dynamitin. Furthermore, RRV particles are colocalized with microtubules and dynein proteins. These results highlight the important roles of microtubules and dynein-dynactin complexes in the transport of RRV particles to nuclei during primary infection.
Model of fluidized bed expansion
Authors: Mayrhofer Benitto , Neužil Lubomír , Procháska František
Published: October 2011

Theoretical relations have been derived for the superficial velocity of fluidization under the creeping flow regime for cubic, monoclinic and tetrahedron configurations of spherical particles. The models proposed have been compared with theoretical models published up to the present and with the power-law correlations recommended. The configuration fitting the best was found to be the tetrahedron one. All configurations examined in this work gave correct trend of the velocity of fluidization versus porosity dependence. Experimental data indicate that for the bed porosity ranging between 0.45 and 0.68 our models are better than other so far published. However theoretical models of other authors based on the analysis of the behavior of a fixed bed give better results.
Cyclization of 17-ethylenedioxy-3α,5-cyclo-6,7-seco-5α-androstane-6,7-diol
Authors: Velgová Helena , Zeigan Dietrich , Engelhardt Günther , Trka Antonín
Published: October 2011

Intramolecular cyclization of 17-ethylenedioxy-3α,5-cyclo-6,7-seco-5α-androstane-6,7-diol (I) on treatment with p-toluenesulphonyl chloride in pyridine gives 17-ethylenedioxy-3α,5-cyclo-B-homo-7-oxa-5α-androstane (III) and 17-ethylenedioxy-3,5-methylene-6-oxaandrostane (II). The cyclic ethers II and III after deketalization and treatment with boron trifluoride etherate in acetic anhydride yield 3β,7-dihydroxy-6,7-secoandrost-5-en-17-one (XIV) along with a small quantity of 3β,5-cyclo-A-homo-6-oxa-5β-androstane-17-one (XIII). Proof of the structures in question is based on IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometric data.
Preparation of 2-methyl-3-oxo triterpenoids of 18α-oleanane series and the conformation of ring A
Authors: Klinot Jiří , Světlý Jarmil , Kudláčková Dagmar , Buděšínský Miloš , Vystrčil Alois
Published: October 2011

2-Methyl-3-hydroxy derivatives X, XIII, XV, XVI and 2-methyl-3-oxo derivatives III, VIII and IX of 19β,28-epoxy-18α-oleanane were prepared from ketones I and XVII. From spectral data it was deduced that compounds III, VIII and XV containing a 2β-methyl group have their A ring in boat conformation. Both isomeric 2-methyl-3-oxo derivatives VIII and IX are approximately equally stable; 52 ± 4% of the 2β-isomer VII were found in their equilibrium mixture.
Preparation of some 3α,5-cycloandrostane derivatives with expanded ring B
Authors: Velgová Helena , Synáčková Miroslava , Černý Václav
Published: October 2011

Reaction of 17β-hydroxy-3α,5-cyclo-5α-androstan-6-one-17-benzoate (II) with diazomethane is reported. From the complex reaction mixture compounds with eight-, nine- and ten-membered ring B were isolated. Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic methods. Some derivatives of these compounds are described.
Intensification of mass transfer in sieve plate bubble columns
Authors: Zahradník Jindřich
Published: October 2011

The effect was studied of gas distribution on the character of the gas-liquid mixture and its porosity in 0.15 and 0.30 m in diameter bubble reactors. The experiments covered a wide range of gas-liquid mixture height to reactor diameter ratios (2-18) with the superficial gas velocities ranging between 0.015 and 0.184 m/s. The gas was distributed by a sieve plate of 0.2 or 0.5% free area exhibiting various configurations of the openings. The obtained experimental evidence suggests that the degree of affecting the character of the bubble layer and its porosity through the design of the distributing plate varies in dependence on the size of the bubble layer. The effect was evaluated of the size of the bubbling layer and the plate free area on the porosity for uniformly bubbling columns. The nonlinear course of the experimentally found dependences of porosity on the superficial velocity of gas was fitted by a simple semi-empirical relation valid for the whole range of experimental conditions covered by experiments.
Spectrophotometric study of complexation equilibria and of a method for the determination of Fe(III) ions with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol and 4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol
Authors: Russeva Ellena , Kubáň Vlastimil , Sommer Lumír
Published: October 2011

The composition, molar absorption, coefficients, equilibrium constants and stability constants for the MLH, ML, M(LH)2 and ML2 complexes have been determined graphically using slope-intercept transformations and numerically from the absorbance-pH curves and from the absorbance dependence on the component concentration, using the PRCEK III and SPEKTFOT programs, or from the continuous variation plots using the JOBCON program. The optimum conditions were found for a spectrophotometric determination of ferric ions with TAR and PAR reagents in pure solutions. The basic parameters of the analytical curves were evaluated using the STAT program.
A simplified description of multicomponent diffusion in porous media. II. Conditions for negligible forced flow effects
Authors: Černá Marta , Zahradník Jindřich , Schneider Petr
Published: October 2011

Conditions are examined permitting the pressure gradient in a porous catalyst sustaining multicomponent diffusion of a gas mixture accompanied by chemical reaction to be neglected. Deviations are computed of the sum of mole fractions from unity for selected typical cases as a measure of error commited by neglecting the forced flow.
Approximate relations for calculation of enhancement factor in gas absorption with chemical reaction
Authors: Marek Miloš , Schöngut Jiří
Published: October 2011

Based on the film theory of mass transport, new approximate relations for reaction factor are developed for gas absorption accompanied by irreversible chemical reaction A (g) + zB (l) → products. The relations are compared with exact numerical solutions obtained by the commonly used method of linearization (suggested by Van Krevelen and Hoftijzer and applied by Hikita and Asai) for several nonlinear reaction rate cases. The effect of mass transfer resistance in the gas phase is also considered and simple criteria for estimation of magnitude of the effect of chemical reaction on mass transport are given. It is shown, that the error of the new approximate method is several percent even in cases, where the error of the linearization method is high.
In situ reactions with trichloroacetyl isocyanate and their application to structural assignment of hydroxy compounds by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A general comment
Authors: Samek Zdeněk , Buděšínský Miloš
Published: October 2011

The application possibilities of the in situ reactions of trichloroacetyl isocyanate (TAI method) to structural assignment of alcohols by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy are critically evaluated. The possibilities of TAI acylations in various solvents are demonstrated and the reactivity of various functional groups, potentially complicating or extending the applications of TAI, is discussed. In addition to their use in structural analysis such reactions also can serve as model experiments for preparative purposes.
Kinetics of the carbon monoxide conversion with steam at elevated pressures
Authors: Fott Pavel , Vosolsobě Jan , Glaser Vladimír
Published: October 2011

The kinetics of the carbon monoxide conversion with steam on a Czechoslovak FeCr catalyst was investigated. The experimental data were obtained on a gradient-free differential reactor with recirculating gaseous phase at temperatures of 633 and 693 K and pressures from the range 0.1-0.9 MPa. The evaluation of experimental data showed that the reaction rate increases with increasing pressure according to a downward convex and that it also increases with increasing content of carbon monoxide in the gas and with decreasing content of carbon dioxide. The reaction kinetics was described by an equation derived from the Langmuir-Hinshelwood concept for the case when the limiting step of the reaction is a surface reaction.
Calculation of potential relief in large cavity of NaX zeolite for adsorption of methane and cyclohexane
Authors: Bezus Arkadii G. , Kočiřík Milan
Published: October 2011

The potential relief for adsorption of methane and cyclohexane molecules in a large cavity of NaX zeolite was calculated with the use of the potential function that takes into account the contributions of dispersion, repulsion, and polarization interactions to the total adsorption potential energy of the molecule. The calculations revealed that the deepest potential minimum for a methane molecule lies at the border of a large window, and for a cyclohexane molecule in the center of this window. A different character of the potential reliefs for each of these molecules is attributed to differences in their size and geometry. The energetic mapping was done so as to enable to determine the most probable routes for translation of the molecule in a crystal and at the same time also the potential barriers on these routes. This work is the first stage in numeric modelling of selfdiffusion of hydrocarbons in NaX zeolite.
Conductometric study of association of lanthanum hexacyanoferrate(II) and praseodymium hexacyanoruthenate(II) in aqueous solution
Authors: Fidler Alois , Čeleda Jiří
Published: October 2011

Conclusions about association and hydrolysis of trivalent cations (M3+) in the presence of cyanoferrate and cyanoruthenate were verified on solutions containing only [Me(CN)6]4- anions and M3+ cations to eliminate influence of K+ ions on the association. Owing to a partial hydrolysis of the anions during preparation of the starting salts, only the apparent stability constant of the ion pairs M3+.[Me(CN)6]4- could be evaluated, which involves a small admixture of M3+.H[Me(CN)6]3-, and further the corresponding equivalent conductivity of the pairs, λp. An abrupt decrease of log Kp values observed with KLa[Me(CN)6] after exceeding the critical dilution and attributed to hydrolysis of the M3+ cation was with the simple La3+ and Pr3+ salts similar as with double salts of La3+ and hence is not specific for the La3+ ion or for the combination M3+ + K+.
Synthesis, IR and 1H NMR spectra of N,N,N',N'-tetraalkyl-1,6-hexanediamine dioxides
Authors: Devínský Ferdinand , Lacko Ivan , Krasnec Ľudovít
Published: October 2011

The report describes preparation of N,N'-dimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, N,N'-bis(alkylmethyl)-1,6-hexanediamines, N-alkyl-N,N'-dimethyl-1,6-hexanediamines, N,N'-bis(alkylmethyl)-1,6-hexanediamine dioxides, N-alkyl-N,N',N'-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamines and N-alkyl-N,N',N'-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine dioxides. In the case of the dioxides IR and 1H NMR spectra are given. In all the cases the alkyl chain is linear and contains 4 to 16 carbon atoms.
Silicon-29 and carbon-13 NMR spectra of model alkylsilanes of the type (CH3)3-nXnSi(CH2)mH
Authors: Schraml Jan , Chvalovský Václav , Mägi Märt , Lippmaa Endel
Published: October 2011

29Si and 13C NMR chemical shifts are presented for the compounds of the type (CH3)3-nXnSi(CH2)mH with various combinations of substituent X (X = C2H5, OC2H5, OC(O)CH3, and Cl), their number n, and alkyl chain length m (m = 1-5). Silicon-29 chemical shifts are shown to follow general trends of the dependence on the total charge or on the number and nature of the substituents on the silicon atom, the alkyl chain length playing only a minor role. It is demonstrated that the silicon upfield shift due to a γ-methyl group varies between is -0.9 and -1.8 ppm in the compounds, the silicon atom of which bears only one secondary carbon atom. The 13C chemical shifts also follow the general dependence on the total charge. In the trimethylsilyl derivatives methylene carbon chemical shifts correlate with the corresponding shifts in carbon analogues and with those in hydrocarbons in which the trimethylsilyl group is replaced by a methyl group. For the short alkyls (m = 1-3) the substituent chemical shifts of various silyl groups depend on the alkyl chain length, α and β effects seem to depend on the number and nature of the substituents on the silicon atom.
Components of Senecio nemorensis L. s. str. subsp. nemorensis
Authors: Jizba Josef , Laudová Věra , Novotný Ladislav
Published: October 2011

The following components were isolated from Senecio nemorensis L. s. str. subsp. nemorensis and identified: a mixture of paraffinic hydrocarbons C22-C32, sesquiterpenic hydrocarbons farnesene and bisabolene, β-sitosterol, unsaturated aliphatic alcohols C28-C32, waxes C38-C58, furanoligularenone, sesquiterpenic lactones 3-oxo-8α-eremophila-1,7-dien-8,12-olide, 3-oxo-8α-hydroxyeremophila-1,7-dien-8,12-olide and an undetermined carotenoid C40H56O2.
New pyrimidine (uridine) specific cyclizing 2'-ribonucleotidyltransferase and nonspecific decyclizing 2',3'-phosphodiesterase
Authors: Holý Antonín , Rosenberg Ivan
Published: October 2011

Chromatography of an aqueous extract of rape seedlings on modified Cellex P, followed by chromatography on two types of modified Sepharose 4B, afforded two nucleolytic activities which split ribonucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphates. The first enzyme (C1) affording 2'-nucleotides on splitting, was characterized as a decyclizing 2',3'-phosphodiesterase, nonspecific towards the nature of the heterocyclic base. The second enzyme (D2) splits uridine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and cytidine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate with high preference for the uridine derivative, its specificity towards the heterocyclic base and the sugar moiety resembling that of pancreatic ribonuclease. The products are in both cases 3'-ribonucleotides. The enzyme splits also alkyl esters of uridine 3'-phosphate with the intermediary formation of uridine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate. The splitting rate decreases with growing alkyl moiety. This enzyme is classified as a new pyrimidine specific cyclizing 2-ribonucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7). Both enzymes were isolated free of other nucleolytic activities. In the native state they are stabilized by an acidic protein.