bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pinpointing a disastrous limitation of Special Relativity and Proposing a new explanation for Light Speed’s constancy
Authors: ASOKAN SEBASTIN
Published: July 2021

This paper pinpoints a severe infirmity of the Lorentz Transformation in the Special Theory of Relativity. Even if it were true, its ambit is very much limited. Out of infinite events happening in the universe, it covers only the events of detecting light signals at the spatial points lying on a straight line in the direction of the relative velocity between the two inertial frames. This paper points out that the slowing down of moving clocks is not a prediction of Lorentz Transformation and hints at the possibility of attributing the observed slowing down of fast-moving clocks to the Relativistic Variation of Mass with Velocity. This paper concludes that from the fact that the same Reality is perceived differently by the observers in different inertial frames, we can draw a straightforward explanation for the constancy of light's speed in all inertial frames without any need for bringing in narrow-scoped and unrealistic Lorentz Transformation.
Efficacy in Reduction of Lung Lesions of a Toxin Expressing Whole-cell Vaccine Against Multiple Serovars of Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae in Growing Pigs
Authors: MORTENSEN PREBEN , Toft Nils , Kiss Istvan , Palya Vilmos , Smits Han , Tenk Miklos
Published: July 2021

Background: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a major economically significant bacterial respiratory pathogen of pigs, and vaccine use is considered an integral control method to prevent disease. The objective of this multi-study analysis was to evaluate the serovar independent efficacy in growing pigs of the C-vaccine (Coglapix®, Ceva, France), which comprises whole cells of A. pleuropneumoniae serovars 1 and 2 expressing ApxI, ApxII and ApxIII toxins. Efficacy was based on protection against lung lesions, since there is good correlation between the severity/extension of lung lesions and losses induced by pleuropneumonia. Vaccine efficacy was determined against challenge with the most common serovars (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9/11 and 13) of A. pleuropneumoniae in a total of 13 studies of the same design and reproducibility was validated.Results: Protection against homologous serovars 1 and 2 significantly reduced lung lesion scores (LLS) compared to the positive controls: p = 0.00007 and p = 0.00124, respectively. The protection against heterologous serovars 4, 5, 6, 7, 9/11, and 13 also significantly reduced LLS: range p = 2.9e-10 to p = 0.00953. Reproducibility between challenge studies was excellent with the estimated random effect of study (the fraction of the total variation attributed by differences between studies) being only 2.6%, 2.2% and 4.8% for three serovar 2, two serovar 9/11 and serovar 4 challenge studies, respectively. An outlier was the 35% of variation attributable to trial between the two serovar 6 challenges, possibly explained by a Streptococcus spp. outbreak.Conclusions: A highly significant serovar independent reduction of pathological lung lesions by the C-vaccine was demonstrated for all the serovars tested (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9/11 and 13). High levels of protection with similar significance-values were obtained for both homologous and heterologous serovar challenge. To our knowledge the aerosol chamber challenge concept based on accurate individual pig dosing and a standardized biologically weighted lung lesion scoring is the first to be validated statistically as reproducible and reliable. The C-vaccine was demonstrated to be a good candidate to fulfil the demands in the field for an A. pleuropneumoniae-vaccine i.e., high protective capability against disease caused by multiple serovars.
Observer-Based Event-triggered Adaptive Containment Control for Multiagent Systems With Prescribed performance
Authors: Xu Rui , Wang Xin , Zhou Yuhao
Published: July 2021

This paper focuses on the problem of the observer-based event-triggered adaptive containment control for a class of nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) with prescribed performance. First, the radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are adopted to approximate the uncertain smooth nonlinear function, and the neural network-based state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasurable state. Besides, to reduce the control resource assumption and get a better balance between the system performance and network constraints, the switching threshold based event-triggered control strategy is introduced. Based on this, the novel distributed containment controller is designed by utilizing the adaptive backstepping technique and the dynamic surface control (DSC) technique to guarantee that the output of each follower converges to the convex hull formed by multileader.

Moreover, the containment errors can be converged to the prescribed boundary and all signals in closed-loop system are semi-global uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) as well. Finally, the simulation example is carried out to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed controller.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumour of an Unusual Presentation in the Uterine Cervix: A Case Report
Authors: de Sa Alfonso López , Pascual Alejandro , Santos Javier García , Mendez Ramiro , Bellon Monica , Ramirez Mar , Matute Fatima , Arco Cristina del , Manzano Aránzazu , Coronado Pluvio , Casado Antonio , Marquina Gloria
Published: July 2021

Background: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour is an infrequent mesenchymal neoplasia of unknown etiology and variable behavior, ranging from rather benign lesions to locally aggressive and even metastatic disease. Its presence has been described in almost all organs; however, its location in the female genital tract has rarely been reported.Case presentation: We present the case of a 47-year-old female, who was studied in our institution for a recent medical history of several weeks of dyspareunia and abdominal pain. She underwent pertinent studies including ultrasonography and CT scan. Under suspicion of degenerated leiomyoma, a total hysterectomy was performed. Unexpectedly, the pathological study of the surgical specimen showed an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the cervix.Conclusions: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour remains a rare entity yet to be fully elucidated. The diagnosis is based on pathological study due to the lack of typical clinical manifestations and typical radiological images. Surgical resection is the most frequent treatment, whereas chemotherapy and radiotherapy are restricted to locally advanced or metastatic disease. Tirosine kinase inhibitor Crizotinib has shown promising results specially in tumours harbouring ALK mutation.
Similar patterns of 18F-FDG brain PET hypometabolism in paediatric and adult patients with long COVID: a paediatric case series
Authors: MORAND Aurelie , CAMPION Jacques-Yves , LEPINE Anne , BOSDURE Emmanuelle , LUCCIANI Léa , CAMMILLERI Serge , CHABROL Brigitte , Guedj Eric
Published: July 2021

Purpose. Several weeks after COVID-19 infection, some children report the persistence or recurrence of functional complaints. This clinical presentation has been referred as “long COVID” in the adult population, and an 18F-FDG brain PET hypometabolic pattern has recently been suggested as a biomarker. Herein, we present a retrospective analysis of 7 paediatric patients with suspected long COVID who were explored by 18F-FDG brain PET exam. Metabolic brain findings were confronted to those obtained in adult patients with long COVID, in comparison to their respective age-matched control groups. Methods. Review of clinical examination, and whole-brain voxel-based analysis of 18F-FDG PET metabolism of the 7 children in comparison to 20 paediatric controls, 35 adult patients with long COVID and 44 healthy adult subjects. Results. Paediatric patients demonstrated a similair brain hypometabolic pattern as that found in adult long COVID patients, involving bilateral medial temporal lobes, brainstem and cerebellum (p-voxel < 0.001, p-cluster < 0.05 FWE-corrected), and also the right olfactory gyrus after small volume correction (p-voxel = 0.010 FWE-corrected), with partial recovery in two children at follow-up. Conclusion. These results provide arguments in favour of possible long COVID in children, with a similar functional brain involvement to those found in adults.
Limitations of the transmitted photonic spin Hall effect through layered structure
Authors: Miao Chong , Wang Dongxue , Herrmann Eric , Zheng Zhiyuan , Huang Haochong , Gao Hua
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we show theoretically that the spin-dependent transverse shift of the transmitted photonic spin Hall effect (SHE) through layered structure cannot exceed half of the incident beam waist. Three conditions for obtaining the upper limit of the transmitted SHE are clarified in detail. In addition, different from the popular view in many investigations, we find that there is no positive correlation between the spin-dependent transverse displacement and the ratio between the Fresnel transmission coefficients (tp, ts). In contrast, the optimal transmission ratio is determined by the incident angle and the beam waist. Moreover, two conventional transmission structures are selected and studied in detail. The characteristics of the transverse displacements obtained are in very good agreement with our theoretical conclusions. These findings provide a deeper insight into the photonic spin Hall phenomena and offer a guide for future related research.
Effects of frequency detuning and excitation quantum number on the dynamics of entanglement in the Jaynes-Cummings polariton model
Authors: Mayero Christopher , Owiny Patrick
Published: July 2021

We present a scheme for generating polaritons which are maximally entangled qubit states in the Jaynes-Cummings interaction mechanism. Considering a specific case of an atom initially in an excited state entering a cavity mode initially in vacuum state and in a non-resonant atom-field Jaynes-Cummings interaction, we demonstrate using graphical representation on the Bloch sphere that an increase in frequency detuning leads to an increase in Rabi oscillations. Analysis of the dynamical behaviour of quantum entanglement in the general Jaynes-Cummings atom-field interactions measured by concurrence show that frequency detuning and photon number parameters are vital in enhancing entanglement.
A data-driven method to predict achievability of clinical objectives in IMRT
Authors: Ranganathan Vaitheeswaran
Published: July 2021

When specifying a clinical objective for a target volume and normal organs/tissues in IMRT planning, the user may not be sure if the defined clinical objective could be achieved by the optimizer. To this end, we propose a novel method to predict the achievability of clinical objectives upfront before invoking the optimization. A new metric called “Geometric Complexity (GC)” is used to estimate the achievability of clinical objectives. Essentially GC is the measure of the number of “unmodulated” beamlets or rays that intersect the Region-of-interest (ROI) and the target volume. We first compute the geometric complexity ratio (GCratio) between the GC of a ROI in a reference plan and the GC of the same ROI in a given plan. The GCratio of a ROI indicates the relative geometric complexity of the ROI as compared to the same ROI in the reference plan. Hence GCratio can be used to predict if a defined clinical objective associated with the ROI can be met by the optimizer for a given case. We have evaluated the proposed method on six Head and Neck cases using Pinnacle3 (version 9.10.0) Treatment Planning System (TPS). Out of total of 42 clinical objectives from six cases accounted in the study, 37 were in agreement with the prediction, which implies an agreement of about 88% between predicted and obtained results. The results indicate the feasibility of using the proposed method in head and neck cases for predicting the achievability of clinical objectives.
A Novel Chemical Attack on Notch-mediated transcription by targeting the NACK ATPase
Authors: Diluvio G. , Kelley T. T. , Lahiry M. , Trotta A. Alvarez , Kolb E. M. , Shersher E. , Astudillo L. , Kovall R. A. , Schurer S. , Capobianco A. J.
Published: July 2021

Notch Activation Complex Kinase, NACK, is a component of the Notch transcriptional machinery critical to Notch-mediated tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism by which NACK regulates the Notch-mediated transcription is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that NACK binds and hydrolyses ATP and that only ATP-bound NACK is able to bind to the Notch Ternary Complex (NTC). Considering this we sought to identify inhibitors of this ATP-Dependent function and, using computational pipelines, discovered the first small molecule inhibitor of NACK, Z271-0326, that directly blocks the activity of Notch-mediated transcription and shows potent antitumor activity in PDX mouse models. In conclusion, we have discovered the first inhibitor that holds promise for efficacious treatment of Notch-driven cancers by blocking the Notch downstream NTC activity.
Using mHealth to Promote Mothers’ Brushing of Preschool Children’s Teeth: A Study Protocol using the Multi-phase Optimization Strategy (MOST)
Authors: Ihab Merna , Din Wafaa Essam El , Ammar Nour , Yassin Randa , Tantawi Maha El
Published: July 2021

Background Early childhood caries is a highly prevalent disease affecting young children. Parental brushing of children’s teeth is recommended during preschool years. Interventions to promote parental brushing of children’s teeth are assessed as a package in randomized clinical trials and the efficacy of separate components is not known. Methods and Analysis The aim of this study is to develop an optimized behavior modification intervention to increase mothers’ brushing of their pre-school children’s teeth using the Multi-phase Optimization Strategy (MOST) guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior. Behavior change will be assessed by the percent reduction in children’s dental plaque index after 6 months and mothers’ reporting of toothbrushing frequency. Two phases of MOST will be carried out. First: the preparation phase comprises the development of a conceptual framework, identifying candidate components, conducting a feasibility pilot study to assess the acceptability and the design features of three intervention components (motivational interviewing (MI), and two mobile health (mHealth) components: oral health promotion messages, and storytelling videos delivered using WhatsApp messenger) in addition to setting an optimization objective. Second: the optimization phase constitutes a factorial trial assessing the three intervention components and developing the intervention by selecting the most effective components within the optimization constraint. Each component will be set at two levels: yes (the intervention is applied) and no (the intervention is not applied). A linear regression model will be used to assess the effect of the intervention components on the percent reduction in dental plaque index (primary outcome measure). The secondary outcome measure is the change in the frequency of mother’s brushing of the child’s teeth. The combination of components making up the new optimized intervention will be selected.Discussion This will be the first study to apply the MOST framework in the field of dentistry. The results of this study can guide to the development of an optimized behaviour modification interventions using mHealth and MI. Trial Registration This trial was registered on June 11th, 2021, in Clinical trials.gov. Registration number: NCT04923581.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF INTERCEPTOR EFFECT ON SEA KEEPING BEHAVIOUR OF PLANING HULL ADVANCING IN REGULAR HEAD WAVES
Authors:   Department of Ocean Engineering IIT Madras, Chennai-600 036, Suneela Jangam , Sahoo Prasanta ,   Department of Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology,  Florida, 32901, United States
Published: July 2021

In this paper an attempt has been made to assess the capability of numerical algorithm based on Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) for predicting the motion characteristics of the planing hull in calm water and regular waves. The focus of the present study is the impact of interceptors on the sea keeping quality of a planing vessel investigated through the application of numerical methods. The wave properties such as wavelength and wave height are taken into consideration to investigate the effect of wave steepness on vessel response. It is found that numerical data can efficiently simulate the motion attitude and the hydrodynamic characteristics of planing craft in regular head waves. The planing hull with and without interceptor fitted at the transom is simulated in numerical wave tank. The results show reduction in heave and pitch motions which gave favorable sea keeping behavior for the hull fitted with interceptor. The numerical solution is useful for the preliminary prediction of navigation safety during sailing.
Problems of Developing Leadership Potential at the Regional Level
Authors: Filippov I. M.
Published: July 2021

In current conditions of digital transformation, the study of youth leadership is of particular practical importance. Knowledge of the characteristics of information and mass consciousness, psychological and social characteristics of the functioning of youth leadership, the willingness of the masses to follow the leader in the youth environment, acquire special significance. The research in the field of youth leadership shows that extracurricular, social work does not always create optimal conditions for the formation of leadership qualities of a young person. Young people today are immersed in digital technology, hence, the previous practices of identifying and developing leadership qualities no longer work in the youth environment.

The purpose of this research in the field of leadership development is to identify problems in the formation of leadership potential and their actualization at the regional level. This should contribute to a better empirical understanding of some important aspects of the leadership development process. The author proceeds on the assumption that occasional, local survey-based research projects are unlikely to add much value to this nascent science of leadership development. In contrast, methodological and analytical approaches based on a personalized approach to leader development are likely to provide more information than those that attempt to model average trends in a given sample.
Public Dialogue in the Socio-Cultural Environment and its Management Perspectives in the Communication Theory of W. Barnett Pearce and Vernon E. Cronen
Authors: Andriyanova T. V.
Published: July 2021

In the research of the past decade, Russian sociologists are increasingly turning to communication theories in the discourse of constructing social reality and actualizing the meanings of the modern socio-cultural environment. According to the author, one of the most promising, although not devoid of internal contradictions, is the “Theory of coordinated control of meaning” by W.B. Peirce and V.E. Kronen. Appearing in American science in the second quarter of the twentieth century as a philosophical project, it quickly became the methodological basis for many empirical experiments. The purpose of this study is to present the management perspectives of this theory in the context of Public Dialogue as a project implemented in the late 90’s of the XX century in Cupertino (California). The corresponding range of tasks is also outlined here, namely, to show how ontological theory becomes the basis for building a social technology for managing interaction processes in the urban environment and what management resources were used to achieve the final goal of the project. In the conclusions, the significance of communication as a primary social process is formulated, which determines the expansion of six concepts as the basis of the “grammar” of the theory of coordinated meaning management.
Aspects in breeding maize for drought tolerance: Progress and modern breeding approaches
Authors: Kondwakwenda Aleck , Sibiya Julia , Zengeni Rebecca , Musvosvi Cousin
Published: July 2021

Breeding for drought tolerance in plants is challenging because it is controlled by multiple genes. Grain yield, the trait of primary interest in maize, is characterized by low heritability, high genotype by environment interaction, and low variation under drought conditions, which further complicates selection. To circumvent these challenges, secondary traits that are highly correlated with grain yield are indirectly selected under drought conditions. Although considerable success in terms of yield gains under drought stress has been reported in both temperate and tropical maize breeding programmes, climate change exacerbated droughts coupled with high population growth necessitates continuous improvement of maize varieties. Understanding the genetics of associated secondary traits is essential in elucidating drought tolerance. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes conferring drought tolerance and the subsequent development of relevant molecular markers ushered in the era of molecular assisted breeding. There is empirical evidence that marker-assisted selection and genomic selection have great potential to increase the yield gains while comprehensive and accurate phenotyping using secondary traits remains the pillar of drought tolerance breeding
Production of pout pepper (Capsicum chinense) under irrigation depths and nitrogen doses in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Beltrão Juliane de Souza , Koetz Marcio , Silva Edna Maria Bonfim- , Silva Tonny José Araújo da , José Jefferson Vieira
Published: July 2021

Correct management of water and fertilizers can enable the profitable and ecologically correct cultivation of pout pepper (Capsicum chinense). In this context, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of drip irrigation depths and nitrogen doses on the cultivation of pout pepper in a Latossolo Vermelho (Oxisol) of the Cerrado region. The experiment was conducted in the field in a randomized block design, at the Federal University of Mato Grosso –Campus of Rondonópolis. The treatments were five irrigation depths (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120% of ETc) and five nitrogen doses (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1), with 4 replicates. Fresh and dry weights of fruits, number of fruits, plant yield and water productivity were analyzed. Nitrogen fertilization caused significant differences in fresh and dry weights of fruits (873.95 and 133.03 g plant-1), respectively, as well as in the number of fruits (319.05 fruits plant-1) and plant yield (14.9 t ha-1). Water productivity showed a response surface with a stationary point of minimum (7.13 kg L-1). Adequate doses of nitrogen and irrigation depths promote good development of pout pepper cultivated in Latossolo Vermelho (Oxisol) of the Cerrado region
Retranslocation of nutrients in coffee leaves of cultivars Red Catuaí IAC 144 and IAC 125 RN
Authors: Silva Carlos Diego da , Cavalcante Alian Cássio Pereira , Franco Marcos Fabian Sanabria , Fariña Pedro Ruben Viera , Andrade Guilherme Antônio Vieira de , Aquino Leonardo Angelo de
Published: July 2021

Knowledge of the retranslocation of nutrients in plants can help in the management of coffee fertilization, especially with regard to the ideal time and method of application and the need for installments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the retranslocation of nutrients in coffee leaves of two varieties. The treatments consisted of two varieties of coffee (Red Catuaí IAC 144 and IAC 125 RN) and coffee leaves in four phenological stages (young leaves, diagnostic, senescent and deciduous). The index leaf of Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 showed the highest photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, while the internal conductance of CO2 was higher in young and senescent leaves, and the index and senescent leaves showed the highest efficiencies in the use of water. The chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll has higher concentrations in the index leaf, while the highest carotenoids occurred in young and senescent leaves. The highest levels of N, P, K and Zn in Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 was occurred in young leaves and the highest Ca and Fe in senescent leaves. The highest levels of N, P and K in the IAC 125 RN variety was occurred in young leaves, Ca and Mg in deciduous leaves and S in senescent and deciduous leaves. Nutrients with low mobility in the plant must be parceled, the application of Zn leaves is an alternative method of supplying this nutrient, as it has retranslocation via phloem
. The importance of studying “Hfilosophy of science” in the master’s program of technical universities
Authors:   Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University, (Vladivostok)., Tsareva N.A.
Published: July 2021

The review of the topic is based on rapidly growing technicalization of the world and necessity to include this aspect as a fundamental for engineering education. Technical reality changes attitude to engineer’ competences and knowledge, concept of «engineering thinking», and responsibility of the engineering community. An engineer, creating a technique, has technical power in a man-made society. The desire to overcome the technocratic nature of education resulted in the need for philosophical thoroughness of engineering and technical education. The educational paradigm is in line with the development of scientific knowledge. The article draws attention to the connection between modern paradigm of scientific development and humanitarian component of contemporary education system. The synergistic convergent paradigm of scientific knowledge of the postmodern era is characterized by an interdisciplinary direction of scientific research: the integration of scientific, technical, natural science and socio-humanitarian knowledge. The anthropological perspective of philosophy reinforces its importance in solving the problems of interaction between man and technology. The analysis of scientific literature helped the author to synthesize ideas about the role of philosophy in the modern paradigm of knowledge. The authenticity of the article lies in the author's justification of the most important reasons for studying the discipline «Philosophy of Science» in the master's program of technical universities.
The role of the didactic integrative module in making students aware their personal value of teaching
Authors:   South Ural State Agrarian University (Chelyabinsk), Akulich O.E. , Shefer O.R. ,   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University (Chelyabinsk)
Published: July 2021

The basis of this research lies in psychological and pedagogical provisions on modular training, its goals, content and methods of organization. Such organization is based on the following principles: modularity, isolation of separate elements from the content of training, dynamism, efficiency and efficiency of knowledge and its system, flexibility, conscious perspective, versatility of methodological advice, parity. Hereby we describe and specify a modular system of teaching mathematics in higher education on the example of the integrative module "Derivative of a function" taking into account the specifics of teaching mathematics in higher education. The modular approach in the study of mathematics provides, on the one hand, the structuring of educational material into logically completed parts-modules, their technological equipment, and on the other-a certain organization of students 'educational activities based on the activation of their independent work, individualization of the teacher's work with the student, a differentiated approach to learning, step-by-step control of students' progress, a rating system for assessing knowledge. The empirical basis of the article is the data of a study conducted in 2020-2021 on the basis of the "South Ural State Agrarian University" (Chelyabinsk). The results of the development of the main professional educational program in the direction of training Agricultural Engineering for bachelors are presented on the example of the integrative module "Derivative of a function". Research results: 1. We considered the key approaches to the methodology of developing an integrative module, in accordance with the future professional activities of the graduates. 2. The article describes the result of the implementation of the didactic integrative module in the students ' awareness of the personal meaning of the teaching and methodological recommendations for its use. 3. On the basis of the developed control and evaluation tools we studied the dynamics of changes in the motivation of students' learning and the dynamics of the distribution of students who correctly completed control tasks according to the levels of knowledge assimilation.
Identifikasi Senyawa Aktif Ekstrak Daun Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Sebagai Antibakteri Terhadap S. aureus (ATCC 25923)
Authors: Khasanah Anis Uswatun , Nastiti Sri Juni
Published: July 2021

Tobacco leaf contains bioactive compounds as antibacterial. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacteria causing several infection  diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the active compounds group that have antibacterial against and determine the optimum  concentration which was able to inhibit S.aureus ATCC 25923 activity in tobacco leaf extract. The assay of inhibitory activity of tobacco leaf extract was carried out qualitatively using diffusion disc method at various concentration of tobacco leaf extract; 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100%. Gradual maceration (M2) and total maceration were used to perform the extraction process, using methanol 70% and etanol 96% as the solvent. Thin Layer Chromatografi (TLC) assay were carried out to identify the bioactive compounds. The results showed that the methanol (M2) and etanol (E) extract of tobacco leaf had antibacterial avtivity against S.aureus. Their bactericidal activity (inner diameter of inhibition) was 12,5 mm, and bacteriostatic (outer diameter inhibition) was 20 mm. The optimum concentration of antibacterial methanol extract was 50%, and the optimum concentration of antibacterial etanol extract was 60%. It was found that the antibacterial compound was detected as flavonoid and terpenoid.
Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Umbi dan Daun Tumbuhan Ginseng (Phytolacca octandra L.)
Authors: Sari Intan , Henri Henri , Sari Eka , Suharyanto Suharyanto
Published: July 2021

Ginseng plant (Phytolacca octandra L.) is a wild plant that has the potential to be used as medicine. The morphological characteristics of ginseng plants in Indonesia are different. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research aimed at characterizing the morphology and phytochemical screening of ginseng (P. octandra L.) leaves and tubers. The research was conducted first by observing morphological characters and screening phytochemical compounds such as alkaloid test, flavonoid test, phenol test, tannin test, saponin test, terpenoid test, and steroid test. The results of the research on the morphological characterization of ginseng (P. octandra L.) were: having a taproot which was modified into a tuber, a round, smooth, red color, pointed leaf shape, the base and tip of the leaf were pointed, buni fruit type, round flat, colored blackish-purple when ripe, a compound flower is located at the end of the branch and has flat, round seeds. Ginseng tubers have triterpenoid and saponin compounds, while the leaves only have saponin compounds. The potential development of ginseng (P. octandra L.) is currently limited as traditional medicine by local people. This is due to limited knowledge in its development efforts and unknown phytochemical content.
Kajian Etnosains Pada Potensi Penggunaan Saliva untuk Penyembuhan Luka Ringan di Lampung
Authors: Azizah Silvia Nur , Mustajib Mustajib , Agustiar Ahsanul Buduri , Akmalia Hafidha Asni
Published: July 2021

Traditional medicine is the local wisdom of the Indonesian people. The people of the Jaya Sakti area of Central Lampung use saliva as a medicine to heal minor wounds. This study aims to determine the potential use of saliva in healing minor wounds. This study uses the method of observing the community. The results showed that based on the percentage of data from field observations related to the use of saliva for minor injuries in communities around Jayasakti village, Anak Tuha District, Central Lampung Regency, it is known that most people have used saliva to treat minor wounds, while other communities have never used it. or seeing other people use saliva as a remedy for minor wounds. Based on the literature review, the content contained in saliva, especially histatin, plays a major role in improving wound healing by increasing the revitalization phase, especially through increasing keratinocyte migration and proliferation. Besides, people use saliva as a medicine to heal minor wounds because they follow the habits of people who have been passed down from generation to generation and already know the content of saliva that can heal minor wounds, namely histatin and alkaline acids. In conclusion, saliva is effective to use as a wound-healing drug because of the compounds contained in saliva and people's experiences when using it.
Towards design of compound channels with minimum overall cost through grey wolf optimization algorithm
Authors: Roushangar Kiyoumars , Nouri Aida , Shahnazi Saman , Azamathulla Hazi Md
Published: July 2021

The significant role of open channels in agriculture include supplying drinking water, industry, irrigation and flood control, making these hydraulic structures an integral part of the water conveyance system. Determination of optimum dimensions with minimum construction costs is considered as the primary concern when designing artificial open channels. To achieve this, the compound channels were evaluated with the following constraints, viz. composite roughness, velocity, Froude number and channel stability. Grey wolf optimization (GWO) was used to determine the optimal geometry of the channel. Optimization results clearly showed that the variation of roughness coefficient and the increase of factor of safety increased costs by 60 and 20% respectively. The optimum suitable cross-section for the compound channels was obtained by conducting various model scenarios.
Cybersecurity in Russian Federation. A Trendy Term or the Priority Technologic Area of Enhancing National and International Security of the XXI Century
Authors:   FGUP ZNIIS, Dobrodeev Alexandr
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article: the study of the roleand and meaningof cybersecurity at the present stage of world development as the main factor for ensuring national and international security of the 21st century. Research method: synthesis and scientific forecasting, peer review, comparative analysis of the cybersphere within the system approach. Results: the state and ways of developing cybersecurity of leading foreign countries on the example of the United States, the state and ways of developing cybersecurity and cybersecurity technology in the Russian Federation are presented with justification for discussion proposals on the disclosure of the term and the concept of “cybersecurity.”
Lower Tibial Shaft Spiral Fracture Concurrent with Distal Tibial Triplane Fracture
Authors: Cao Lei , Han Shu-Man , Wu Hui-Zhao , Wen Jin-Xu , Guo Zhe , Wu Wen-Juan , Gao Bu-Lang
Published: July 2021

Background:

The clinical and imaging features of lower tibial shaft spiral fracture concurrent
with distal tibial triplane fracture are not clear.

Introduction:

This study was conducted to investigate these features for correct diagnosis, treatment
and prevention of possible premature physeal arrest or angular deformation.

Method:

Patients with lower tibial shaft spiral fracture concurrent with distal tibial triplane fracture
were enrolled, and the clinical, imaging, treatment and follow-up data were analyzed.

Result:

Five patients with lower tibial shaft spiral fracture concurrent with distal tibial triplane
fracture were found including four men and one woman with an age range of 12-15 years (mean
13.6). Injury to the distal tibial epiphysis was missed in the diagnosis in plain radiography reports,
but careful reevaluation confirmed distal tibial epiphysis fracture in four cases including Salter-Harris
type II in three cases and type III in one case. The remaining case had no apparent distal tibial
epiphysis injury in the plain radiograph. CT scan revealed that all five patients had distal tibial triplane
fracture of the lateral type including two fragments in three cases and three fragments in two
cases. The fracture was divided into type I(within the articular weight-bearing line) in three cases,
type II (outside the articular weight-bearing line) in two cases based on the involvement of the articular
surface by the fracture line. For the lower tibial fracture, one patient was treated with closed reduction
and fixation with an elastic nail, three patients had internal plate fixation, and the remaining
patient had cast immobilization. Followed up for 3-11 months (mean 7), all the distal tibial fractures
and the triplane fractures were healed without varus or valgus deformity in the ankle.

Conclusion :

Distal tibial triplane fracture can be readily missed in plain radiography and should be
suspected in patients with distal tibial spiral fracture which should be evaluated with a computed tomographic
scan.
GEREA: Prediction of Gene Expression Regulators from Transcriptome Profiling Data to Transition Networks
Authors: Yao Min , Jiang Caiyun , Li Chenglong , Li Yongxia , Jiang Shan , He Liang , Xiao Hong , Quan Jima , Huang Xiali , Huang Tinghua
Published: July 2021

Background:

Mammalian genes are regulated at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional
levels. These mechanisms may involve the direct promotion or inhibition of transcription
via a regulator or post-transcriptional regulation through factors such as micro (mi)RNAs.

Objective:

Construct gene regulation relationships modulated by causality inference-based miRNA-
(transition factor)-(target gene) networks and analysis gene expression data to identify gene expression
regulators.

Methods:

Mouse gene expression regulation relationships were manually curated from literature
using a text mining method which were then employed to generate miRNA-(transition factor)-
(target gene) networks. An algorithm was then introduced to identify gene expression regulators
from transcriptome profiling data by applying enrichment analysis to these networks.

Results:

A total of 22,271 mouse gene expression regulation relationships were curated for 4,018
genes and 242 miRNAs. GEREA software was developed to perform the integrated analyses. We
applied the algorithm to transcriptome data for synthetic miR-155 oligo-treated mouse CD4+ Tcells
and confirmed that miR-155 is an important network regulator. The software was also tested
on publicly available transcriptional profiling data for Salmonella infection, resulting in the identification
of miR-125b as an important regulator.

Conclusion:

The causality inference-based miRNA-(transition factor)-(target gene) networks serve
as a novel resource for gene expression regulation research, and GEREA is an effective and useful
adjunct to the currently available methods. The regulatory networks and the algorithm implemented
in the GEREA software package are available under a free academic license at
http://www.thua45.cn/gerea.
The Development of a PBPK Model for Atomoxetine Using Levels in Plasma,
Saliva and Brain Extracellular Fluid in Patients with Normal and Deteriorated
Kidney Function
Authors: Alsmadi Mo'tasem M. , AL Eitan Laith N. , Idkaidek Nasir M. , Alzoubi Karem H.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Atomoxetine is a treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. It
inhibits norepinephrine transporters (NET) in the brain. Renal impairment can reduce hepatic
CYP2D6 activity and atomoxetine elimination which may increase its body exposure. Atomoxetine
can be secreted in saliva.

Objective:

The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that atomoxetine saliva levels
(sATX) can be used to predict ATX brain extracellular fluid (bECF) levels and their pharmacological
effects in healthy subjects and those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Methods:

The pharmacokinetics of atomoxetine after intravenous administration to rats with chemically
induced acute and chronic renal impairments were investigated. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic
(PBPK) model was built and verified in rats using previously published measured atomoxetine
levels in plasma and brain tissue. The rat PBPK model was then scaled to humans and
verified using published measured atomoxetine levels in plasma, saliva, and bECF.

Results:

The rat PBPK model predicted the observed reduced atomoxetine clearance due to renal
impairment in rats. The PBPK model predicted atomoxetine exposure in human plasma, sATX and
bECF. Additionally, it predicted that ATX bECF levels needed to inhibit NET are achieved at 80
mg dose. In ESRD patients, the developed PBPK model predicted that the previously reported 65%
increase in plasma exposure in these patients can be associated with a 63% increase in bECF. The
PBPK simulations showed that there is a significant correlation between sATX and bECF in human.

Conclusion:

Saliva levels can be used to predict atomoxetine pharmacological response.
The Link Between Conventional and Novel Anti-Cancer Therapeutics with Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Authors: Cervantes Carmen E. , Kant Sam , Atta Mohamed G.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Kidney disease associated with cancer and anti-cancer therapies has been
increasingly recognized in the field of onco-nephrology. In particular, drug-induced nephrotoxicity
has important implications since most chemotherapeutic agents have a nephrotoxic potential. Also,
standard creatinine clearance methods used for the measurement of kidney function have been questioned
in cancer patients due to factors like low muscle mass and poor nutritional status. Overestimations
of the glomerular filtration rate, not only can increase the nephrotoxic potential of different
agents, but also further limit the use of first-line therapies.

Objective:

This review covers specifically the drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy and its
two pathophysiologic mechanisms which include immune or idiosyncratic reactions, and non-immune
or dose-dependent ones.

Conclusion:

As novel cancer therapies are developed, it is paramount to pursue a better understanding
of conventional and novel chemotherapeutic agents and their role in kidney disease.
Efficacy of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Emotion Dysregulation in Patients with Dual Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder and Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Rady Ahmed , Abdelkarim Ahmed , Ivanoff Andre , Molokhia Tarek
Published: July 2021

Background:

The published evidence supports the efficacy of dialectical behavioral
therapy (DBT) to treat patients with borderline personality disorder and particular emphasis on
emotion dysregulation as a psychopathological construct.

Aim:

To assess the efficacy of DBT for improving emotion dysregulation among patients with
dual diagnosis of borderline personality disorder and substance use disorder.

Methods:

We recruited 40 patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for borderline personality disorder
and substance use disorder and assigned them to one of two groups of 20 participants each.
One group underwent DBT therapy and the other group followed a treatment-as-usual (TAU)
protocol over one year. We used the scores of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale
(DERS) at baseline, immediately after therapy, and 4 months after therapy to assess emotion
dysregulation.

Results:

We found significant improvements (p<0.05) in the DBT group after therapy that were
maintained at least for 4 months afterwards based on the DERS scores (including subscale
scores). More patients dropped out of the treatment in the TAU group than in the DBT group.

Conclusion:

DBT is a potentially efficacious psychological intervention to treat emotion dysregulation
in patients with borderline personality disorder and substance use disorder.
Cognitive Functions Assessment in Psoriasis Patients: A Crosssectional Study in University Hospital
Authors: Khalaf Ola Osama , El-Mesidy Marwa S.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Psoriasis is not merely an inflammatory skin disease but is commonly
associated with systemic inflammation causing medical and psychiatric comorbidities.

Objectives:

Psoriasis is not merely an inflammatory skin disease but is commonly
associated with systemic inflammation causing medical and psychiatric comorbidities.

Methods:

100 psoriasis patients, age 80 and sex-matched controls were recruited, dermatological
and psychiatric assessments were done, psoriasis severity was assessed using the Psoriasis
Area and Severity Index (PASI) score. Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) was
used to assess the different cognitive domains and to screen for any possible MCI.

Results:

Cognitive functions were significantly worse in patients than in the healthy controls for
the total score of MOCA-B (p <0.001), abstraction (p <0.001), delayed recall (p <0.001), visuospatial
abilities (p= 0.013), naming (p=0.029) and attention (p <0.001). MCI was detected by the
Arabic version of MoCA-B with a cut-off score of 21/22, and it was more in the psoriasis group
(16 %) than in the controls (4%). No correlations were observed between disease characteristics
(Psoriasis duration in months, PASI, BSA%,) and the MoCA scores in psoriasis patients.

Conclusion:

Psoriasis patients showed worse cognitive impairment when compared to the controls
regardless of the psoriasis severity. Thus, the routine clinical examination of psoriasis
patients should include the administration of a brief cognitive screening tool to reach the best
management.
Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Using Direct Acting Antivirals in Geriatric Egyptian Patients
Authors: Elkadeem Mahmoud , Shoman Shoman Rabeei
Published: July 2021

Background & Aims:

There is high proportion of geriatric patients
who acquired chronic hepatitis C virus infection. There is a shortage in evidence-
based data as regards direct-acting antivirals in this group of patients. The
aim was to assess safety, efficacy, and tolerability of direct acting antiviral drugs
in Egyptian geriatric patients.

Methods:

This prospective study was performed on 177 patients with chronic hepatitis
C and administrated different regimens of direct acting antivirals. Patients
were divided into two groups: Group I: patients below 65 years old (N = 143),
and Group II: patients > 65 years old (N = 34). Pretreatment history taking, baseline
characteristics, and investigations were done for both groups. Follow up was
made to detect treatment efficacy and adverse effects.

Results:

Geriatric group were found to have more comorbidities (diabetes mellitus,
hypertension, and cardiomyopathy); also liver cirrhosis. Minor adverse effects
occurred in both groups without significant difference included fatigue, insomnia,
headache, and dizziness. Vomiting, diarrhea, and skin rash occurred in
group II more than group I. Leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, jaundice, and significant
anemia occurred without significant difference between both groups. Eighteen
patients (25%) of 72 patients who took ribavirin had to reduce ribavirin dose
or to stop it. The overall treatment response in the entire study was 97.7% without
significant difference between both groups.

Conclusion:

Direct acting antivirals are recommended regardless the age. These
drugs are effective and tolerable in elderly patients. Attention to other comorbidities,
drug-drug interactions, and follow up are recommended.