bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The selective mu‐opioid receptor antagonist adl5510 reduces levodopa‐induced dyskinesia without affecting antiparkinsonian action in mptp‐lesioned macaque model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Koprich James B. , Fox Susan H. , Johnston Tom H. , Goodman Allan , Le Bourdonnec Bertrand , Dolle Roland E. , DeHaven Robert N. , DeHaven‐Hudkins Diane L. , Little Patrick J. , Brotchie Jonathan M.
Published: April 2011

In Parkinson's disease (PD), dyskinesia develops following long‐term treatment with 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐dopa). Given the prominent role of the opioid system in basal ganglia function, nonselective opioid receptor antagonists have been tested for antidyskinetic efficacy in the clinic (naltrexone and naloxone), although without success. In the current study, ADL5510, a novel, orally active opioid antagonist with mu opioid receptor selectivity, was examined in L‐dopa‐treated 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) macaques. Antidyskinetic effects were compared with those of naltrexone. Parkinsonian monkeys with established L‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia (LID) received acute challenges with L‐dopa (subcutaneously) in combination with either vehicle, ADL5510 (0.1, 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg by mouth), or naltrexone (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg subcutaneously). Following treatments, behavior was monitored for 6 hours. Parameters assessed were total activity, parkinsonism, and dyskinesia. ADL5510 (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) reduced activity and LID (chorea and dystonia) without affecting the antiparkinsonian benefits of L‐dopa. The antidyskinetic effect of ADL5510 showed a U‐shaped dose–response. It was inactive at 0.1 mg/kg, efficacious at 1 and 3 mg/kg (72% and 40% reductions, respectively), and then less effective at 10 mg/kg. The quality of ON time produced by L‐dopa was improved, as indicated by a reduction in the percentage of ON time spent experiencing disabling dyskinesia (70% and 61% reductions with 1 and 3 mg/kg, respectively, compared with L‐dopa). Naltrexone, in contrast, did not alleviate LID or affect the antiparkinsonian actions of L‐dopa. Mu‐selective opioid antagonists have the potential to form the basis of novel antidyskinetic therapies for PD. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Vestibular impairment and adaptive postural imbalance in parkinsonian patients with lateral trunk flexion
Authors: Vitale Carmine , Marcelli Vincenzo , Furia Teresa , Santangelo Gabriella , Cozzolino Autilia , Longo Katia , Allocca Roberto , Amboni Marianna , Marciano Elio , Barone Paolo
Published: April 2011

Lateral trunk flexion is a very common clinical observation in patients affected by Parkinson's disease. Postural control is known to depend on vestibular, visual, and somatosensory information. The aim of this study was to investigate whether impairment of vestibular function can account for the postural alterations observed in parkinsonian patients with lateral trunk flexion. We evaluated vestibular function in 11 parkinsonian patients with lateral trunk flexion and in 11 age‐, sex‐, and disease duration–matched patients without lateral trunk flexion. The following vestibular tests were performed: infrared videonystagmography including fast and slow ocular movements, spontaneous‐positional and evoked nystagmus search with and without visual fixation, fast positioning maneuvers, the bithermal caloric test, and the vibration test. A peripheral, unilateral vestibular hypofunction was identified in all patients with lateral trunk flexion. The vestibular hypofunction was ipsilateral to the leaning side and contralateral to the most affected parkinsonian side in all patients. In the control group, 7 subjects had no vestibular signs; 4 subjects had unilateral vestibular hypofunction without clinically evident lateral trunk flexion. Two of the latter patients subsequently developed lateral trunk flexion ipsilateral to the vestibular deficit and contralateral to the side most affected by Parkinson's disease. The processing of vestibular information was impaired in parkinsonian patients affected by lateral trunk flexion. The impairment was at least in part responsible for the patients' postural abnormality. We propose that the acronym PISA (Postural Imbalance Syndrome with vestibular Alterations) be used to describe the specific postural change observed in parkinsonian patients affected by a vestibular defect and lateral trunk flexion. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Toxicology and risk assessment of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in food
Authors: Abraham Klaus , Gürtler Rainer , Berg Katharina , Heinemeyer Gerhard , Lampen Alfonso , Appel Klaus E.
Published: April 2011

5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) as a product of the Maillard reaction is found in many foods. Estimated intakes range between 4 and 30 mg per person and day, while an intake of up to 350 mg can result from, e.g., beverages made from dried plums. In vitro genotoxicity was positive when the metabolic preconditions for the formation of the reactive metabolite 5‐sulphoxymethylfurfural were met. However, so far in vivo genotoxicity was negative. Results obtained in short‐term model studies for 5‐HMF on the induction of neoplastic changes in the intestinal tract were negative or cannot be reliably interpreted as “carcinogenic”. In the only long‐term carcinogenicity study in rats and mice no tumours or their precursory stages were induced by 5‐HMF aside from liver adenomas in female mice, the relevance of which must be viewed as doubtful. Hence, no relevance for humans concerning carcinogenic and genotoxic effects can be derived. The remaining toxic potential is rather low. Various animal experiments reveal that no adverse effect levels are in the range of 80–100 mg/kg body weight and day. Safety margins are generally sufficient. However, 5‐HMF exposure resulting from caramel colours used as food additives should be further evaluated.
Cocoa‐enriched diets modulate intestinal and systemic humoral immune response in young adult rats
Authors: Pérez‐Berezo Teresa , Franch Angels , Ramos‐Romero Sara , Castellote Cristina , Pérez‐Cano Francisco J. , Castell Margarida
Published: April 2011

Scope: Previous studies have shown that a highly enriched cocoa diet affects both intestinal and systemic immune function in young rats. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether diets containing lower amounts of cocoa could also influence the systemic and intestinal humoral immune response.

Methods and results: Fecal and serum samples were collected during the study and, at the end, intestinal washes were obtained and mesenteric lymph nodes and small‐intestine walls were excised for gene expression assessment. IgA, IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG2c concentrations were quantified in serum whereas S‐IgA and S‐IgM were determined in feces and intestinal washes. Animals receiving 5 and 10% cocoa for 3 wk showed no age‐related increase in serum IgG1 and IgG2a concentrations, and IgG2a values were significantly lower than those in reference animals. Serum IgM was also decreased by the 10% cocoa diet. The 5 and 10% cocoa diets dramatically reduced intestinal S‐IgA concentration and modified the expression of several genes involved in IgA synthesis. A diet containing 2% cocoa had no effect on most of the studied variables.

Conclusion: The results demonstrate the downregulatory effect of a 5% or higher cocoa diet on the systemic and intestinal humoral immune response in adult rats.
Low‐dimensional‐structure self‐learning and thresholding: Regularization beyond compressed sensing for MRI Reconstruction
Authors: Akçakaya Mehmet , Basha Tamer A. , Goddu Beth , Goepfert Lois A. , Kissinger Kraig V. , Tarokh Vahid , Manning Warren J. , Nezafat Reza
Published: April 2011

An improved image reconstruction method from undersampled k‐space data, low‐dimensional‐structure self‐learning and thresholding (LOST), which utilizes the structure from the underlying image is presented. A low‐resolution image from the fully sampled k‐space center is reconstructed to learn image patches of similar anatomical characteristics. These patches are arranged into “similarity clusters,” which are subsequently processed for dealiasing and artifact removal, using underlying low‐dimensional properties. The efficacy of the proposed method in scan time reduction was assessed in a pilot coronary MRI study. Initially, in a retrospective study on 10 healthy adult subjects, we evaluated retrospective undersampling and reconstruction using LOST, wavelet‐based l1‐norm minimization, and total variation compressed sensing. Quantitative measures of vessel sharpness and mean square error, and qualitative image scores were used to compare reconstruction for rates of 2, 3, and 4. Subsequently, in a prospective study, coronary MRI data were acquired using these rates, and LOST‐reconstructed images were compared with an accelerated data acquisition using uniform undersampling and sensitivity encoding reconstruction. Subjective image quality and sharpness data indicate that LOST outperforms the alternative techniques for all rates. The prospective LOST yields images with superior quality compared with sensitivity encoding or l1‐minimization compressed sensing. The proposed LOST technique greatly improves image reconstruction for accelerated coronary MRI acquisitions. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An octaguanidine–morpholino oligo conjugate improves muscle function of mdx mice
Authors: Widrick Jeffrey J. , Jiang Shan , Choi Seung Jun , Knuth Shannon T. , Morcos Paul A.
Published: April 2011

Introduction: Skeletal muscles of mdx mice lack functional levels of dystrophin due to a mutation in Dmd exon 23. Morpholino antisense oligomers can induce expression of a truncated dystrophin by redirecting splicing to skip processing of exon 23. Methods: We tested whether systemic administration of Vivo‐Morpholino, an octaguanidine delivery moiety–Morpholino conjugate that targets exon 23 (VMO23), restored function to muscles of mdx mice. Results: Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of mdx mice were weaker, less powerful, and showed greater functional deficits after eccentric contractions than normal. VMO23 treatment normalized EDL force and power of mdx mice and eliminated their exaggerated sensitivity to eccentric contractions. Diaphragm muscle strips from mdx mice also produced lower‐than‐normal force and power, and these variables were restored to normal, or near‐normal, levels by VMO23 treatment. Conclusion: These results provide a functional basis for continuing development of VMO23 as a treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Liquid formulation of pentoxifylline is a poorly tolerated treatment for duchenne dystrophy
Authors: Zimmerman Angela , Clemens Paula R. , Tesi‐Rocha Carolina , Connolly Anne , Iannaccone Susan T. , Kuntz Nancy , Arrieta Adrienne , Hache Lauren , Henricson Erik , Hu Fengming , Mayhew Jill , Escolar Diana M.
Published: April 2011

Introduction: In this study we performed an open‐label, pilot study of an orally administered liquid formulation of immediate‐release pentoxifylline (PTX) on patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Treatment efficacy, safety, and tolerability were assessed. Methods: The tolerability and safety of PTX and measures of muscle strength and function were evaluated during 12 months of treatment. Results: Seventeen boys with DMD, between 4 and 8 years of age, were enrolled at one of five Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (CINRG) centers. Only 9 were able to complete the 12‐month PTX treatment phase; the primary reason for discontinuation was adverse events. Intolerable gastrointestinal side effects were experienced by 65% of participants. Two participants had severe leukopenia that resolved with medication withdrawal. Conclusions: Open‐label treatment with a liquid formulation of immediate‐release PTX resulted in a high incidence of adverse events in boys with DMD. Poor tolerability of this PTX formulation precluded adequate assessment of efficacy. Muscle Nerve, 2011
13C High‐resolution‐magic angle spinning MRS reveals differences in glucose metabolism between two breast cancer xenograft models with different gene expression patterns
Authors: Grinde Maria T. , Moestue Siver A. , Borgan Eldrid , Risa Øystein , Engebraaten Olav , Gribbestad Ingrid S.
Published: April 2011

Tumor cells have increased glycolytic activity, and glucose is mainly used to form lactate and alanine, even when high concentrations of oxygen are present (Warburg effect). The purpose of the present study was to investigate glucose metabolism in two xenograft models representing basal‐like and luminal‐like breast cancer using 13C high‐resolution‐magic angle spinning (HR‐MAS) MRS and gene expression analysis. Tumor tissue was collected from two groups for each model: untreated mice (n = 19) and a group of mice (n = 16) that received an injection of [1‐13C]‐glucose 10 or 15 min before harvesting the tissue. 13C HR‐MAS MRS was performed on the tumor samples and differences in the glucose/alanine (Glc/Ala), glucose/lactate (Glc/Lac) and alanine/lactate (Ala/Lac) ratios between the models were studied. The expression of glycolytic genes was studied using tumor tissue from the same models. In the natural abundance MR spectra, a significantly lower Glc/Ala and Glc/Lac ratio (p < 0.001) was observed in the luminal‐like model compared with the basal‐like model. In the labeled samples, the predominant glucose metabolites were lactate and alanine. Significantly lower Glc/Ala and Glc/Lac ratios were observed in the luminal‐like model (p < 0.05). Most genes contributing to glycolysis were expressed at higher levels in the luminal‐like model (fdr < 0.001). The lower Glc/Ala and Glc/Lac ratios and higher glycolytic gene expression observed in the luminal‐like model indicates that the transformation of glucose to lactate and alanine occurred faster in this model than in the basal‐like model, which has a growth rate several times faster than that of the luminal‐like model. The results from the present study suggest that the tumor growth rate is not necessarily a determinant of glycolytic activity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incentive‐rewarding mechanism to stimulate activities in social networking services
Authors: Yogo Kazufumi , Shinkuma Ryoichi , Konishi Taku , Itaya Satoko , Doi Shinichi , Yamada Keiji , Takahashi Tatsuro
Published: April 2011

We have developed an incentive‐rewarding mechanism that stimulates activities in social networking services (SNSs), including content uploading and link establishment. We particularly focus on changing the reward assignment ratio based on the different risks users perceive when uploading content with different privacy settings: public‐open and friend‐limited. Learning‐based simulation allowed us to observe that SNS activity, which we measured as the amount of browsed content within a certain period, can be controlled by a rewarding assignment ratio. We then analyzed how the amount of uploaded content and the increase of established links affect SNS activity. Results suggested that the optimal reward assignment ratio to maximize SNS activity changes depending on the total amount of available reward resources. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The interfacial enhancement of LLDPE/whisker composites via interfacial crystallization
Authors: Ning Nanying , Deng Hua , Luo Feng , Zhang Qin , Wang Ke , Chen Feng , Fu Qiang
Published: April 2011

Interfacial interaction plays a key role in the preparation of high performance polymer composites. In this work, in order to explore the possibility to enhance the interfacial interaction via interfacial crystallization of polymer matrix onto the filler surface, interfacial crystallization structure and mechanical properties of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/whisker composites were investigated. The composites were firstly prepared by melt compounding, followed by processing in both traditional and dynamic injection molding. DSC, WAXD, SEM were used to characterize the interfacial crystallization structure. And the mechanical properties were measured by tensile testing. An imperfect shish‐calabash structure, with whisker served as shish, and irregular LLDPE spherulite as imperfect calabash, was formed during common injection molding processing. Such a structure was considered as the main reason for the strong interfacial adhesion and the obviously improved tensile strength and modulus. Furthermore, introducing shear could cause the formation of relatively perfect shish‐calabash structure, leading to the stronger interfacial adhesion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guideline for the classification of the acute emetogenic potential of antineoplastic medication in pediatric cancer patients
Authors: Dupuis L. Lee , Boodhan Sabrina , Sung Lillian , Portwine Carol , Hain Richard , McCarthy Patricia , Holdsworth Mark
Published: April 2011

This guideline provides clinicians caring for children with an approach to assessing the acute emetogenic potential of antineoplastic therapies. It was developed by an international, inter‐professional panel of clinicians and researchers using AGREE and CAN‐ADAPTE methods. The emetogenicity of antineoplastic agents was evaluated and ranked as high, moderate, low, or minimal. The emetogenicity of multiple‐agent and multiple‐day antineoplastic therapy was also classified. Gaps in the evidence used to underpin the guideline recommendations were identified. The contribution of this guideline to the prevention of antineoplastic‐induced nausea and vomiting in individual children about to receive antineoplastic therapy requires prospective evaluation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 191–198. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among pediatric leukemia patients in Malaysia
Authors: Hamidah Alias , Wong Chee‐Yeng , Tamil Azmi M. , Zarina Latiff A. , Zulkifli Zakaria S. , Jamal Rahman
Published: April 2011

Background

Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in pediatric leukemia patients in Malaysia has not been studied before. This was mainly due to a lack of databases on patients in the past. Many patients abandoned treatment or were lost to follow up. With more children now fully compliant and completing treatment nowadays, with higher cure rate, HRQOL has become important for our patients. The purpose of the current study was to determine the HRQOL scores in children with acute leukemia and to compare the scores for those on maintenance chemotherapy with those off‐treatment as well as to determine factors which might affect HRQOL.

Methods

Seventy‐seven children in a pediatric oncology center in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia diagnosed with acute leukemia were consecutively enrolled, of whom 22 were on maintenance chemotherapy and 55 off‐treatment. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) Scales were used to assess HRQOL.

Results

Children on maintenance chemotherapy had significantly lower child self‐report HRQOL scores across all domains (P < 0.001) especially psychosocial health compared with those who were off‐treatment. Also, parents with children on maintenance chemotherapy reported significantly lower HRQOL scores across all domains (P < 0.05) except social functioning compared with parents with children off‐treatment. Younger child age was associated with lower parent proxy‐report total score (P = 0.007)

Conclusions

Pediatric acute leukemia patients on maintenance chemotherapy experienced significantly poorer HRQOL compared to those off‐treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;57:105–109. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
One‐step Separation of Three Flavonoids from Poacynum hendersonii by High‐speed Counter‐current Chromatography
Authors: Shi Junyou , Li Guoliang , Wang Honglun , Zheng Jie , Suo Yourui , You Jinmao , Liu Yongjun
Published: April 2011

Introduction

Owing to them having the same traditional name, the leaves of Apoacynum venetum and Poacynum hendersonii are used indiscriminately in some areas of China. Although a series of studies have been conducted on Apoacynum venetum, there are only a few studies on Poacynum hendersonii.

Objective

To develop an efficient method for the preparative isolation and purification of flavonoids from the leaves of Poacynum hendersonii by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC).

Methodology

Powdered Poacynum hendersonii lead was extracted three times with 75% ethanol at 60 °C for 3 h. The distribution constant (KD) was measured to select an optimal two‐phase solvent system for HSCCC separation. The purities of the target compounds were tested using HPLC and their structures were identified by 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR.

Results

Using a two‐phase solvent system composed of n‐butanol–petroleum ether–0.5% acetic acid (5:3:5, v/v), three main flavonoids, i.e. isoquercitrin, quercetin‐3‐O‐sophoroside and quercetin‐3‐O‐(6′′‐O‐malonyl)‐β‐d‐glucoside, were separated from 240 mg crude sample in a one‐step separation by using HSCCC method. After further purification with a Sepdex‐LH20 column, 5.7 mg isoquercitrin (LC purity 98.72%), 4.9 mg quercetin‐3‐O‐sophoroside (LC purity 99.06%) and 7.4 mg quercetin‐3‐O‐(6′′‐O‐malonyl)‐β‐d‐glucoside (LC purity 99.31%) were obtained, respectively.

Conclusion

The optimised high‐speed counter‐current chromatography method is fast, simple and efficient for the preparative separation of flavonoids from the leave of Poacynum hendersonii. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Flavonoids in Spirodela polyrrhiza by High‐performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Qiao Xue , He Wen‐ni , Xiang Cheng , Han Jian , Wu Li‐jun , Guo De‐an , Ye Min
Published: April 2011

Introduction

Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid. is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of influenza. Despite its wide use in Chinese medicine, no report on quality control of this herb is available so far.

Objective

To establish qualitative and quantitative analytical methods by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) for the quality control of S. polyrrhiza.

Methodology

The methanol extract of S. polyrrhiza was analysed by HPLC/ESI‐MSn. Flavonoids were identified by comparing with reference standards or according to their MSn (n = 2–4) fragmentation behaviours. Based on LC/MS data, a standardised HPLC fingerprint was established by analysing 15 batches of commercial herbal samples. Furthermore, quantitative analysis was conducted by determining five major flavonoids, namely luteolin 8‐C‐glucoside, apigenin 8‐C‐glucoside, luteolin 7‐O‐glucoside, apigenin 7‐O‐glucoside and luteolin.

Results

A total of 18 flavonoids were identified by LC/MS, and 14 of them were reported from this herb for the first time. The HPLC fingerprints contained 10 common peaks, and could differentiate good quality batches from counterfeits. The total contents of five major flavonoids in S. polyrrhiza varied significantly from 4.28 to 19.87 mg/g.

Conclusion

Qualitative LC/MS and quantitative HPLC analytical methods were established for the comprehensive quality control of S. polyrrhiza. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparative Isolation and Purification of Seven Isoflavones from Belamcanda chinensis
Authors: Lee Yeon Sil , Kim Seon Ha , Kim Jin Kyu , Lee Sanghyun , Jung Sang Hoon , Lim Soon Sung
Published: April 2011

Introduction

Isoflavonoids from Belamcanda chinensis are known to have a number of physiological benefits including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐angiogenic and anti‐mutagenic properties. However, there have been no reports on the effective isolation and purification of isoflavonoids from B. chinensis.

Objective

To develop an efficient method for the preparative isolation and purification of isoflavones from B. chinensis by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC).

Methodology

A two‐step HSCCC isolation method was developed using solvent system of n‐hexane–ethyl acetate–2‐propanol–methanol–water (5:6:2:3.5:6, v/v) and of ethyl acetate–methanol–water (10:2:9, v/v). FLASH purification system (45% methanol, isocratic) was also used for further purification. The purities and chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection (HPLC‐PDA), electrospray ionisation‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), 1H‐ and 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR) and nuclear overhauser enhancement (NOE).

Results

HSCCC was successfully used for the preparative separation and purification of seven isoflavones, including tectoridin (145.4 mg, 97.5%), iridin (77.9 mg, 94.0%), irilin D (42.0 mg, 92.0%), tectorigenin (294.1 mg, 98.6%), iristectorigenin A (86.8 mg, 93.4%), irigenin (141.8 mg, 95.8%) and irisflorentin (73.4 mg, 94.7%) from the rhizomes of B. chinensis.

Conclusion

Two isoflavone glycosides and five isoflavone derivatives were successfully isolated and purified from the crude methanol extract of dried rhizomes of the B. chinensis by HSCCC. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Application of High‐speed Counter‐current Chromatography for Separation and Purification of Bungeiside‐A, Bungeiside‐B and Baishouwubenzophenone from Cynanchum bungei Decne
Authors: Sun Yinshi , Lin Hongmei , Wang Jianhua , Hu Jiangning , Liu Zhengbo , Gao Aidong
Published: April 2011

Introduction

Cynanchum bungei Decne (Baishouwu in China), is a famous traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used as a tonic medicine or health food for centuries. Bungeiside‐A, bungeiside‐B and baishouwubenzophenone, as the major bioactive constituents in C. bungei, are challenging to separate and purify since bungeiside‐A and ‐B are present in very low concentrations and have similar structures and high polarity.

Objective

To develop a method of isolation and purification of bungeiside‐A and ‐B and baishouwubenzophenone from the Chinese medicinal plant Cynanchum bungei Decne by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC).

Methodology

The roots of C. bungei were extracted with light‐petroleum (60–90 °C) and chloroform to remove the lipid substance. Then the residuals were extracted with methanol. The methanol extract was prepared for the subsequent HSCCC separation. The simple HSCCC method of separation and purification of bungeiside‐A and ‐B and baishouwubenzophenone was established according to the solvent system, which was selected according to the measurement of partition coefficient (K). The purities of target compounds were test by HPLC and the structure was identified by 1H NMR and 13C NMR.

Results

Bungeiside‐A (9.4 mg), bungeiside‐B (8.6 mg) and baishouwubenzophenone (5.7 mg) were obtained from 1.5 g of the methanol extract with purities of 93.2, 98.7 and 95.4%, respectively.

Conclusion

These results clearly demonstrate that HSCCC is a powerful tool for isolating and purifying components with similar structures, low concentration and high polarity from medicinal plant, such as bungeiside‐A and ‐B and baishouwubenzophenone. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photovoltaics literature survey (no. 85)
Authors: Shrestha Santosh
Published: April 2011

In order to help keep readers up‐to‐date in the field each issue of Progress in Photovoltaics will contain a list of recently published journal articles most relevant to its aims and scope. This list is drawn from an extremely wide range of journals, including IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Journal of Applied Physics, Applied Physics Letters, Progress in Photovoltaics and Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. To assist the reader, the list is separated into broad categories, but please note that these classifications are by no means strict. Also note that inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. If you have any suggestions please email Santosh Shrestha at s.shrestha@unsw.edu.au.
A Project Management Research Framework Integrating Multiple Theoretical Perspectives and Influencing Factors
Authors: Hanisch Bastian , Wald Andreas
Published: April 2011

The increasing projectification of the business world corresponds with a high diversity of theoretical perspectives used in project management research. This diversity is reflected by a variety of influencing factors, which have been the subject of empirical studies. This article aims to systemize the different streams of research on the basis of a literature review and at developing a research framework by integrating multiple theoretical perspectives and influencing factors. We elaborate on the crosslinks between the perspectives and identify fundamental elements of a project management theory. The framework consists of three dimensions: design, context, and goal. Its purpose is to support the combination of different perspectives and the development of strategies for further research.
Prevalence and correlates of depressive disorders in outpatients with breast cancer in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Popoola Abiodun O. , Adewuya Abiodun O.
Published: April 2011

Objective

While the physical complications of breast cancer are often recognized and well managed, the psychological sequelae, especially depression are often unrecognized by healthcare providers and therefore under treated. This study aimed to assess the rate and correlate of depressive disorders in breast cancer survivors in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods

Patients (n = 124) recruited from a breast cancer outpatient clinic were assessed for the DSM‐IV diagnosis of depressive disorders using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The staging of the cancer, length of diagnosis and treatment type were recorded. Also socio‐demographic details and their perceived level of social support were obtained.

Results

Twenty‐one (16.9%) were diagnosed as having Major Depressive Disorder, while 29 (23.4%) had Minor depressive disorder making a total of 50 (40.3%) cases with depression. The independent correlates of depression included being not married (odds ratio (OR) 3.09, 95% CI 1.30–7.42), perceived poor social support (OR 5.38, 95% CI 1.88–16.63) and advanced stage of the cancer (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.32–8.26).

Conclusion

Our study suggests a high rate of associated depression among patients with breast cancer in our environment. Clinicians should be encouraged and empowered to probe for symptoms of depression in these patient while larger hypothesis‐driven studies are needed.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plastic bronchitis: Resolution after heart transplantation
Authors: ElMallah Mai K. , Prabhakaran Sreekala , Chesrown Sarah E.
Published: April 2011

Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a rare cause of obstructive airway disease in patients who have undergone partially corrective surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD). The etiology of plastic bronchitis in such patients is ill‐defined, and treatment is ineffective. We report resolution of PB and severe obstructive airway disease after heart transplantation in a patient with CHD. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:824–825. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sinus vein thrombosis as presenting finding in the congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: An insight on the pathophysiology of the association
Authors: Joseph Leon , Goldberg Shmuel , Shahroor Sarit , Gomori Moshe , Mimouni Francis B. , Picard Elie
Published: April 2011

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is an increasingly recognized diagnosis causing central hypoventilation and may be definitively diagnosed by genetic testing. Previous authors reported the association between CCHS and central sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) and hypothesized that CCHS could be secondary to CSVT. We report a case of CCHS with the typical PHOX2B mutation who also suffered from CSVT. We assume that effects, secondary to CCHS, upon the central venous system may explain the etiological connection between CSVT and CCHS including dysautoregulation, venous stasis or polycythemia. We believe that CCHS should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with CSVT accompanied by respiratory abnormalities. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:826–828. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mannitol dry powder challenge in comparison with exercise testing in children
Authors: Barben Juerg , Kuehni Claudia E. , Strippoli Marie‐Pierre F. , Schiller Barbara , Hammer Juerg , Trachsel Daniel ,   On behalf of the Swiss Paediatric Respiratory Research Group
Published: April 2011

Rationale

Mannitol dry powder (MDP) challenge is an indirect bronchial provocation test, which is well studied in adults but not established for children.

Objective

We compared feasibility, validity, and clinical significance of MDP challenge with exercise testing in children in a clinical setting.

Methods

Children aged 6–16 years, referred to two respiratory outpatient clinics for possible asthma diagnosis, underwent standardized exercise testing followed within a week by an MDP challenge (Aridol™, Pharmaxis, Australia). Agreement between the two challenge tests using Cohen's kappa and receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves was compared.

Results

One hundred eleven children performed both challenge tests. Twelve children were excluded due to exhaustion or insufficient cooperation (11 at the exercise test, 1 at the MDP challenge), leaving 99 children (mean ± SD age 11.5 ± 2.7 years) for analysis. MDP tests were well accepted, with minor side effects and a shorter duration than exercise tests. The MDP challenge was positive in 29 children (29%), the exercise test in 21 (21%). Both tests were concordant in 83 children (84%), with moderate agreement (κ = 0.58, 95% CI 0.39–0.76). Positive and negative predictive values of the MDP challenge for exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction were 68% and 89%. The overall ability of MDP challenge to separate children with or without positive exercise tests was good (area under the ROC curve 0.83).

Conclusions

MDP challenge test is feasible in children and is a suitable alternative for bronchial challenge testing in childhood. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:842–848. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of flexible backbone protein design methods for sequence library prediction in the therapeutic antibody Herceptin–HER2 interface
Authors: Babor Mariana , Mandell Daniel J. , Kortemme Tanja
Published: April 2011

Computational protein design methods can complement experimental screening and selection techniques by predicting libraries of low‐energy sequences compatible with a desired structure and function. Incorporating backbone flexibility in computational design allows conformational adjustments that should broaden the range of predicted low‐energy sequences. Here, we evaluate computational predictions of sequence libraries from different protocols for modeling backbone flexibility using the complex between the therapeutic antibody Herceptin and its target human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as a model system. Within the program RosettaDesign, three methods are compared: The first two use ensembles of structures generated by Monte Carlo protocols for near‐native conformational sampling: kinematic closure (KIC) and backrub, and the third method uses snapshots from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. KIC or backrub methods were better able to identify the amino acid residues experimentally observed by phage display in the Herceptin–HER2 interface than MD snapshots, which generated much larger conformational and sequence diversity. KIC and backrub, as well as fixed backbone simulations, captured the key mutation Asp98Trp in Herceptin, which leads to a further threefold affinity improvement of the already subnanomolar parental Herceptin‐HER2 interface. Modeling subtle backbone conformational changes may assist in the design of sequence libraries for improving the affinity of antibody–antigen interfaces and could be suitable for other protein complexes for which structural information is available.
Structural and functional characterization of Schistosoma mansoni Thioredoxin
Authors: Boumis Giovanna , Angelucci Francesco , Bellelli Andrea , Brunori Maurizio , Dimastrogiovanni Daniela , Miele Adriana E.
Published: April 2011

Schistosomiasis, the human parasitosis caused by various species of the blood‐fluke Schistosoma, is a debilitating disease affecting 200 million people in tropical areas. The massive administration of the only effective drug, praziquantel, leads to the appearance of less sensitive parasite strains, thus, making urgent the search for new therapeutic approaches and new suitable targets. The thiol‐mediated detoxification pathway has been identified as a promising target, being essential during all the parasite developmental stages and sufficiently different from the host counterpart. As a part of a project aimed at the structural characterization of all the proteins involved in this pathway, we describe hereby the high‐resolution crystal structure of Schistosoma mansoni Thioredoxin (SmTrx) in three states, namely: the wild‐type oxidized adult enzyme and the oxidized and reduced forms of a juvenile isoform, carrying an N‐terminal extension. SmTrx shows a typical thioredoxin fold, highly similar to the other components of the superfamily. Although probably unlikely to be a reasonable drug target given its high similarity with the human counterpart, SmTrx completes the characterization of the whole set of thiol‐mediated detoxification pathway components. Moreover, it can reduce oxidized glutathione and is one of the few defence proteins expressed in mature eggs and in the hatch fluid, thus confirming an important role in the parasite. We believe its crystal structure may provide clues for the formation of granulomas and the pathogenesis of the chronic disease.
Polymer‐based cell‐free expression of ligand‐binding family B G‐protein coupled receptors without detergents
Authors: Klammt Christian , Perrin Marilyn H. , Maslennikov Innokentiy , Renault Ludovic , Krupa Martin , Kwiatkowski Witek , Stahlberg Henning , Vale Wylie , Choe Senyon
Published: April 2011

G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of intercellular signaling molecules and are estimated to be the target of more than 50% of all modern drugs. As with most integral membrane proteins (IMPs), a major bottleneck in the structural and biochemical analysis of GPCRs is their expression by conventional expression systems. Cell‐free (CF) expression provides a relatively new and powerful tool for obtaining preparative amounts of IMPs. However, in the case of GPCRs, insufficient homogeneity of the targeted protein is a problem as the in vitro expression is mainly done with detergents, in which aggregation and solubilization difficulties, as well as problems with proper folding of hydrophilic domains, are common. Here, we report that using CF expression with the help of a fructose‐based polymer, NV10 polymer (NVoy), we obtained preparative amounts of homogeneous GPCRs from the three GPCR families. We demonstrate that two GPCR B family members, corticotrophin‐releasing factor receptors 1 and 2β are not only solubilized in NVoy but also have functional ligand‐binding characteristics with different agonists and antagonists in a detergent‐free environment as well. Our findings open new possibilities for functional and structural studies of GPCRs and IMPs in general.
Non‐intrusive Measurements of Headspace Gas Composition in Liquid Food Packages Made of Translucent Materials
Authors: Lewander M. , Lundin P. , Svensson T. , Svanberg S. , Olsson A.
Published: April 2011

The increase in chilled food consumption requires enhanced food safety and quality assurance. Food deteriorating processes are affected by the presence of oxygen, combined with factors such as time and temperature. To slow down deterioration processes and prolong shelf life, traditional packaging methods are being replaced by modified atmosphere packaging, for example. Oxygen, which is naturally present in the headspace of most food packages, is then reduced and controlled. Many sensing techniques for food quality assurance have been developed; however, almost all are intrusive, increasing the complication level and causing sample waste. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a non‐intrusive technique [gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS)] for measuring gas composition in the headspace of liquid food packages. The GASMAS method uses diode laser absorption spectroscopy combined with diffuse light propagation to analyse gas located inside solids and liquids. By illuminating the package from the outside and analysing the scattered light that emerges, the absorption from the gas inside the headspace can be studied.The GASMAS technique was evaluated on a series of carton packages with a high‐quality orange juice and a nitrogen headspace. A clear variation in oxygen content was measured for samples with different storage times. The results demonstrate the possibility of using the GASMAS method for non‐intrusive quality measurements in food products and packaging. They also indicate the potential for the non‐intrusive quality assurance applications without waste of samples. A further development of the technique could include ‘in‐line’ quality control of packed food items throughout the food packaging supply chain. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of cage size on the third‐order optical properties of endohedral metallofullerenes Sc3N@C2n (2n = 68, 70, 78, and 80): A theoretical study
Authors: Wang Jin‐Yun , Lin Chen‐Sheng , Zhang Min‐Yi , Chai Guo‐Liang , Cheng Wen‐Dan
Published: April 2011

Geometrical structures of the investigated endohedral metallofullerenes Sc3N@C2n (2n = 68, 70, 78, and 80) were optimized at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level. The analyses of electronic structures display that the contribution of fullerene cage to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital decreases as the cage size increases. Based on the optimized structures, the time‐dependent density functional theory combined with the sum‐over‐states method was used to investigate their nonlinear optical properties. Calculated third‐order polarizabilities γ and two‐photon absorption (TPA) cross‐section δ do not present the monotone variation with the size of fullerene cage, with largest γ of 0.48 × 10−34 esu for Sc3N@C78 in static state, and largest δ of 12.374 GM for Sc3N@C70 in the wavelength of 902.5 nm. However, the obtained TPA resonant peaks shift red with the size of fullerene cage. By analyzing the electronic origin of the third‐order optical properties, it is found that the charge transfers from the fullerene cage to the encapsulated Sc3N cluster make important contributions to the studied properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Structural properties and nonlinear optical responses of superatom compounds BF4‐M (M = Li, FLi2, OLi3, NLi4)
Authors: Yang Hui , Li Ying , Wu Di , Li Zhi‐ru
Published: April 2011

A new type of superhalogen‐(super)alkali compound, BF4‐M (M = Li, FLi2, OLi3, NLi4), is theoretically characterized at the MP2/6‐311+G(3df) level. The interaction between superhalogen BF4 and different shaped (super)alkali M is found to be strong and ionic in nature. Bond energies of these BF4‐M species are in the range of 200.0–226.7 kcal/mol at the CCSD(T)/6‐311+G(3df) level, which are much larger than the traditional ionic bond energy of 130.1 kcal/mol of FLi. In addition, different from the alkali halides, the BF4‐M compounds prefer to dissociate into ions rather than neutral fragments. The energetic properties of BF4‐M are found to be closely related to the size of the M subunit. The different effects of superalkali and superhalogen subunits on the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of such superatom compounds are also revealed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Second‐order nonlinear optical responses switching of N∧N∧N ruthenium carboxylate complexes with proton‐electron transfer
Authors: Liu Yan , Yang Guo‐Chun , Liu Chun‐Guang , Sun Shi‐Ling , Qiu Yong‐Qing
Published: April 2011

In this article, the nonlinear optical (NLO) switching action of Ru(III/II) carboxylate complexes was investigated by density functional theory (DFT). Among the studied complexed, Ru(III)PhCOO− has the largest β value of 4972 × 10−30 esu. Through the proton transfer (PT) process, the COOH group of Ru(III)PhCOOH and Ru(III)COOH complexes can form the COO− group. Then, COO− group acts as a strong donor and Ru(III) acts as an acceptor, which may be the most favorably used in the development of metal complexes NLO material. The redox NLO switching and PT NLO switching of Ru(III)PhCOO−, Ru(III)PhCOOH, Ru(II)PhCOO−, and Ru(II)PhCOOH complexes have been studied. The β value of Ru(III)PhCOO− complex is ∼36 and ∼48 times larger than those of reduced Ru(II)PhCOO− and Ru(II)PhCOOH, respectively. Note that the β value of deprotonated Ru(III)PhCOO− is ∼215 times larger than that of Ru(III)PhCOOH. The molecular electrostatic potential analysis also confirms that Ru(III)PhCOOH may have poor performance in the second‐order NLO response. In addition, the TDDFT calculations show that the ligand to metal charge transfer transition lead to the largest β value of the Ru(III)PhCOO− complex. This investigation provides important insight into the remarkably large NLO properties and NLO switching of Ru(III/II) carboxylate complexes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 000: 000–000, 2011
Dynamic monte carlo simulations of NO decomposition on Pt(100): Temperature‐programmed desorption spectra
Authors: Álvarez‐Falcón Leny , Vicente Luis
Published: April 2011

The decomposition of absorbed NO on a Pt(100) surface is studied by using a dynamic Monte Carlo method on a square lattice at low pressure conditions. The N2 temperature‐programmed desorption spectra were simulated considering the presence or absence of lateral interactions. Moreover, the effect on NO dissociation rate, the limiting step in the whole reaction, is inhibited by coadsorbed NO, N, and O molecules. The dissociation rate for NO and N2 desorption are enhanced by the presence of adsorbed atoms as nearest neighbors. In these simulations, values of experimental parameters, such as adsorption, desorption, and diffusion of the reactants, are included. The phenomenon is studied varying the temperature in the range of 300–550 K. Our simulations are positively compared with experimental spectra and calculated mean field models. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 112:1803–1809, 2012
Theoretical investigation of half‐metallicity in Co/Ni substituted AlN
Authors: Arif Suneela , Ahmad Iftikhar , Amin Bin
Published: April 2011

Results of Co and Ni substituted AlN in the zinc blende phase are presented. For spin up states, the hybridized N‐2p and Co/Ni‐3d states form the valance bands with a bandgap around the Fermi level for both materials, while in the case of the spin down states, the hybridized states cross the Fermi level and hence show metallic nature. It is found that, Al0.75Co0.25N and Al0.75Ni0.25N are ferromagnetic materials with magnetic moments of 4 μB and 3 μB, respectively. The integer magnetic moments and the full spin polarization at the Fermi level make these compounds half‐metallic semiconductors. Furthermore it is also found that the interaction with the N‐2p state splits the 5‐fold degenerate Co/Ni‐3d states into t2g and eg states. The t2g states are located at higher energies than the eg states caused by the tetrahedral symmetry of these compounds. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
A stepwise mechanism for the uncatalyzed michael addition of acetylacetone to methyl vinyl ketone
Authors: Deuri Sanjib , Phukan Prodeep
Published: April 2011

A stepwise mechanism for the uncatalyzed Michael addition of acetylacetone (AcAc) to methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) has been studied by ab initio calculations at the MP2/6‐31+G (d, p)// B3LYP/6‐31+G (d, p) level of theory. This stepwise mechanism is initiated by a Diels–Alder‐type attack of MVK on the double bond of thecis‐enol of AcAc followed by cleavage of the cycloadduct and proton transfer leading to the formal Michael adduct. Nature of interaction between AcAc and MVK has been probed using reactivity descriptors defined within the context of conceptual DFT. This stepwise mechanism is found to have a low barrier than the concerted mechanism proposed earlier. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011