bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Сохранность и изменяемость поэтико-стилевых слагаемых в разновременных записях песни «Шара Гюргю» эпоса «Джангар»
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Mandzhieva Bayrta B.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. In the system of artistic and visual means, the epithet occupies one of the important places. To create a heroic image, the narrator uses epithets that characterize the status of the hero, age and heroic merits of the heroes. Goal and tasks. The purpose of the article is to study artistic-identifying combinations - epithets in the recordings of the song “Shara Gyurgyu” at different times, to identify their preservation and change over time. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: epithets were identified in three different-temporal texts of the song “Shara Gyurgyu” (1862, 1970, 1971), a comparative analysis of artistic-identifying combinations in the texts of different dzhangarchi was carried out. Method. To study the poetical and stylistic texture, we applied the comparative method. The material of the research was records of different times: 1) “The Song about how the famous Ulan Shovshur of the mangas khan of the Ferocious Shara Gyurgyu reproached the Maloderbet cycle of 1862; 2) an audio recording of “Songs about the duel of a lion [-the hero] Ulan Khongor the Beautiful with the Ferocious Shara Gyurgyu” by Jangarchi Telty Lidzhiev 1970; 3) audio recording of “Song of Shara Gyurgyu” by jangarchi Mikhail Mandzhiev 1971. Results. The study of epithets in recordings of the song “Shara Gyurgyu” at different times showed that over more than a century that has passed since the first recording, the epic text in its artistic embodiment has undergone changes. The song “Shara Gyurgyu” of the Maloderbet cycle of 1862 is distinguished by an abundance of epithets, while in the recordings of the late tradition of the epic, there is a transformation of the artistic level of the text. Storytellers Teltya Lidzhiev and Mikhail Mandzhiev adhere to the main plot structure in the process of performance, without sharpening attention to poetic tropes. Observations of the texts of different storytellers at different times show that Dzhangarchi, having a wider epic knowledge, performs the song in accordance with the criteria of fidelity of reproduction, following the tradition of the epic school to which he belonged. A comparative analysis of recordings of the song “Shara Gyurgyu” at different times allowed us to identify constant units at the level of textual embodiment, which accumulate the poetical and stylistic basis of the epic narrative and mark the key links of the epic narration of the Kalmyk heroic epic “Dzhangar”.
Мотивы космогонического мифа о небесном охотнике и трех маралах в фольклоре калмыков
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Ubushieva Danara V.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. There are a great number of “familiar” motifs and plotlines in Kalmyk folklore that originate from mythology. One such archaic story of a universal character in the Turkic-Mongolian world is a cosmogonic myth of the heavenly hunter and the three red deer. The article aims to attempt at reconstructing this cosmogonic myth in the Kalmyk epic heritage. Importantly, such reconstruction requires typological comparisons because the story is easily “identified” in a variety of traditions. The research materials used are the texts of early Baga Tsokhur cycle sagas of Kalmyk heroic epic “Djanggar”. The analysis was based on structural-semantic, structural-typological, and comparative methods. As a result, the author comes to the following conclusions. The structural-semantic analysis of the motif manifests its archaic roots originating from the ideas of cosmogonic beginnings of the universe. The epic story relating of Savar Warrior following the moon path while hunting deer and red deer originates from a cosmogonic myth of the heavenly marksman [Sirius] and the three red deer [the stars from the belt of the constellation Orion]. Moreover, the character of Savar Warrior shows some elements that may be associated with the archaic myth of a bear-hunter chasing the deer that stole the sun. The results of the present study agree with other researchers’ views, according to which, the principal symbols that the archaic calendar of the Kalmyk ancestors included were the images of a hoofed animal and a bear and that the image of the heavenly hunter of the ancient myth relating of the world beginning characteristic of a number of folklore traditions was a substitute of the mythological bear, the liberator of the sun.
Семантическая обусловленность структуры конструкций с глаголами речи
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Darzhaeva Nadezhda B.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Explanatory constructions in the Buryat language, namely, those with verbs of speech as their main predicate, have not been studied in detail so far. Their systematic study involves a detailed analysis of both the semantics of the predicate of the main clause and the structure of the entire construction. The purpose of the article was to identify the correlation between the semantics of verbs of speech and the structural type of constructions. For the purpose, it was necessary i) to identify the group of verbs of speech, ii) to make an inventory of the structures in question, iii) to identify their structural types and specific characteristics, iv) to distribute verbs of speech according to structural types, and v) to study the interdependence between the semantics of verbs and the types of constructions. Original literary texts of the Buryat electronic corps served as material for the study. Linguistic observation, description, component analysis, and structural modeling were used as methods of the analysis. Research results. Buryat explanatory clauses are of the three structural types: participial, participial with postpositions, and bifinite constructions. Each of them specializes in expressing information of a particular level of abstraction: bifinite constructions introduce direct speech; participial constructions with the accusative case of the dependent predicate convey indirect speech; participial constructions with postpositions name the theme. As the analysis of the distribution of verbs of speech by structural types shows, verbs with semantics suggesting a long speech act like ‘to tell’ are more often used in bifinite and postpositional constructions. Those with the meaning of a short speech act, or of the type ‘to add’, implement the valence of the speech in constructions with direct speech and conjunction gezhe. Verbs of speech that differ in their role in communication, for example, asuu-, hura- (ask), implement the valence of the speech in bifinite constructions with gezhe and participles in the accusative case. The author concluded that the structure of the constructions under study is largely dependent on the semantics of the verbs of speech.
Парные глаголы с каузативным значением: семантические особенности (на материале бурятского языка)
Authors:   Banzarov Buryat State University (24, Smolin St., 670000 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Dadueva Elena A. , Kharanutova Darima Sh.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The article discusses the semantics of paired causative verbs in the Buryat language, which has not been the subject of a special study yet. The aim was to study the semantic features of Buryat paired causative verbs by way of identifying: 1) the types of paired causative verbs, 2) the contribution of each semantic component of a verbt of its general semantics and their correlation, and 3) paired causative verbs as a special case in expressing causative semantics. Materials and methods. The data was collected from works of fiction in the Electronic Corpus of the Buryat language; contextual and distributive analysis were used as the primary methods of research. Results. Semantic analysis of paired causative verbs, illustrative of causative relationships in the linguistic picture of the Buryat world, indicated that in pairs of non-causative + causative verb the latter is a leading component, which demonstrates the power of causative semantics; the verbs of this type most often express various emotions associated with impact and subjective assessment. The other type are represented by pairs of synonymous causative verb + causative verb that are effective in expressing the intensity of the impact; with the semes of the synonymous verbs combined, the meaning of causation in such pairs is enhanced, and their expressiveness and emotionale valuation aspects come to the fore.
Door Lock Security System Using Recent Technology
Authors: Dharme Sanskruti
Published: January 2022

Abstract: In terms of house security, the door is pivotal. To keep the hearthstone secure, the proprietor will keep the door locked at all times. Still, owing to a rush when leaving the house, the proprietor may forget to lock the door, or they may be doubtful if they’ve closed the door or not. Wireless security grounded operation have fleetly increased due to the dramatic enhancement of ultramodern technologies. Numerous access control systems were designed and/or enforced grounded on different types of wireless communication technologies by different people. Radio Frequency identification (RFID) is a contactless technology that’s extensively used in several diligences for tasks like access control system, book shadowing in libraries, tollgate system, forced chain operation, and so on. For enforcing this design, we will be using Arduino mega 2560 pro mini, a fingerprint sensor, Keypad module. ESP-32 CAM module, RFID sensor, solenoid lock and ESP8266. We have also created an application for monitoring and controlling the security features of the door lock. We can also open the door through mobile fingerprint. Keywords: Arduino mega 2560 pro mini, ESP32-CAM, ESP8266, Fingerprint sensor, Keypad module, RFID sensor.
Experimental Study on Light Weight Concrete Using Coconut Shell and Fly Ash
Authors: Verma Barkha
Published: January 2022

Abstract: Aggregates provide volume at low cost, comprising 66% to 78% of the concrete. With increasing concern over the excessive exploitation of natural and quality aggregates, the aggregate produced from industrial wastes and agricultural wastes is the viable new source for building material. This study was carried out to determine the possibilities of using coconut shells as aggregate in concrete. Utilizing coconut shells as aggregate in concrete production not only solves the problem of disposing of this solid waste but also helps conserve natural resources. In this paper, the physical properties of crushed coconut shell aggregate were presented. The fresh concrete properties such as the density and slump and 28 days compressive strength of lightweight concrete made with coconut shell as coarse aggregate were also presented. The findings indicate that water absorption of the coconut shell aggregate was high about 24% but crushing value and impact value were comparable to that of other lightweight aggregates. The average fresh concrete density and 28days cube compressive strength of the concrete using coconut shell aggregate 1975kg/m3 and 19.1 N/mm2 respectively. It is concluded that crushed coconut shell is suitable when it is used as a substitute for conventional aggregates in lightweight concrete production. Keywords: Coarse Aggregate, Cement, Concrete, Fly Ash, Coconut shell Aggregate, Water, Compressive Strength, Workability, Fine Aggregate.
Traditional Water Conservation Techniques in India
Authors: Verma Samiksha
Published: January 2022

Abstract: Water conservation is a practice needed for survival. In India, various techniques are used to save water, which are practical and climate-responsive. From the age of the Indus valley civilization, till today many practices are seen in different parts of India. The traditional practices used for conserving water and even cooling buildings in ancient times. Forts surrounded water bodies for protection from enemies. Indians continue to build structures to catch and store the monsoon rains. Some unique water conservation techniques are still practiced in India and are efficient. These are sometimes better than the presentday water-saving techniques. The paper summarizes the transformation over the years in the construction and advancements of water conservation practices in India. In dry regions, these practices have helped people survive tough times. Keywords: Rain water harvesting, Storage, Tanks, Traditional methods, Water conservation
Assessment of Population pressure on Urban Housing in Ngwa Road, Ohanku and Obohia Parts of Aba South, Abia State Nigeria
Authors: Okorocha James
Published: January 2022

Abstract: The effect of population growth on urban housing is a global challenge but the worst examples are found in the developing world which has led to an increased growth of poorly planned cities in the developing world, and loss of aesthetics. The aim of this research is to assess the level of population pressure on urban housing within Ngwa Road, Ohanku and Obohia environs in Aba South local government area in Abia State. The research evaluated housing demand and supply in the area, condition of houses in the area, factors encouraging population growth in the study area and level of compliance of buildings with town planning laws. The study area has an estimated 2021 population of 138017 as projected from 88,951 in 2016 with a growth rate of 2.94%. The research data was collected through household survey, Aba South Town Planning Authority, National Population Commission and the Aba South Street Naming and House Numbering Office. The simple random sampling technique and the purposive sampling technique were employed by the researcher with a sample size of 399.9 at 0.05 confidence level which was determined using the Taro Yamane method for sample size collection. The Principle Component Analysis (PCA), Principle Component Regression (PCR), standard deviation, weighted mean, percentages/proportions to analyze the data collected. The Principal Component Analysis result showed that component I have the highest loading with eigen value of 6.721 while component II has an eigen value of 3.279. The result showed that ease of access to commercial activities and educational level of heads of households are major factors encouraging population growth in the study area. The research revealed a housing demand and supply cluster estimate of 60.11% which was not considered statistically high. The average response of 93.2% is that houses in the study area are in a poor condition. The Aba South town planning authority revealed a 0.741 standard deviation which shows a high level of non-compliance with town planning laws. The research hypothesis was tested using Spearman Rank Correlation test at 0.05 level of confidence and the null hypothesis was accepted. Looking at the Land-UseLand-Cover images of the area obtained for 3 epochs from 1980-2020, the study area experienced an major growth in rate of housing stock after year 2000 and with increasing population growth, the area may soon be unable to carry the population that will be found there. This research calls the attention of the Abia State government in particular and the federal government in general to address these challenges through recommended public-private partnership and decentralization of pull factors. These recommendat
A Survey on Secrete Communication through QR Code Steganography for Military Application
Authors: Bhoskar Nikita
Published: January 2022

Abstract: The quick response code (QR) has become most popular barcode because of its larger data capacity and increased damage resistance. Barcode scanners can easily extract information hidden in the QR code when scanning data forms. However, some confidential data stored directly in QR codes are not secure in real world QR apps. To proposed approach to visual secret sharing scheme to encode a secret QR code into distinct shares. In assessment with other techniques, the shares in proposed scheme are valid QR codes that may be decoded with some unique that means of a trendy QR code reader, so that escaping increases suspicious attackers. An existing sharing technique is subjected to loss of security. On this premise, consider the strategy for (k, n) get to structures by using the (k, k) sharing occurrence on each k-member subset dependent on specific relationship. In addition, the secret message is recovered with the aid of XOR-ing the qualified shares. This operation which can effortlessly be achieved the use of smartphones or different QR scanning gadgets. Contribution work is, working on optimal partitioning methods and compare original message with shared message using hashing techniques. Keywords: Hashing, partitioning algorithm, error correction capacity, high security, Quick Response code, visual secret sharing scheme
Performance Analysis of Ring Oscillators and Current-Starved VCO in 45-nm CMOS Technology
Authors: Sharma Prakash
Published: January 2022

Abstract: This paper presents a relative study among two Ring oscillators architecture (CMOS, NMOS) and current-starved Voltage-controlled oscillator (CS-VCO) on the basis of different parameters like power dissipation ,phase noise etc. All the design has been done in 45- nm CMOS technology node and 2.3 GHz Centre frequency have been taken for the comparison because of their applications in AV Devices and Radio control. An inherent idea of the given performance parameters has been realize by thecomparative study. The comparative data shows that NMOS based Ring oscillator is good option in terms of the phase noise performance. In this study NMOS Ring Oscillator have attain a phase noise -97.94 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency from 2.3 GHz center frequency. The related data also shows that CMOS Ring oscillator is the best option in terms of power consumption. In this work CMOS Ring oscillator evacuatea power of 1.73 mW which is quite low. Keywords: Voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), phase noise, power consumption, Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), Current Starved Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (CS- VCO), Pull up network (PUN), Pull down network (PDN)
Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kumar Singh Abhishek , Kumar Jat Rakesh
Published: January 2022

Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack is the disease of the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle (Myocardium) i.e. coronary heart disease. The area of heart muscle that has either zero flow or so little flow that it cannot sustain cardiac muscle function is said to be infracted and the overall process is called a myocardial infarction. MI are of two types; transmural and subendocardial. Mainly it is caused due to oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.Chest pain is the most common symptom of acute MI and is often described as a sensation of tightness, pressure, or squeezing. Other symptoms include diaphoresis (an excessive form of sweating), Shortness of breath (dyspnea), weakness, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and palpitations. The most common symptoms of MI in women include dyspnea, weakness, and fatigue, sleep disturbances. It can be treated by using  blockers, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers and nitrates.
Significance of Personnel Hygiene Practices in Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Shenvi Anuradha , Kamath K Krishnananda , Subrahmanyam E.V.S. , Shabaraya A R
Published: January 2022

Personnel hygiene is very important in the pharmaceutical industry to prevent or reduce any kind of contamination which can affect the quality of medicinal products. When it comes to delivering highest quality standards of pharmaceutical products, key hygiene factors must to be upheld. Good personnel hygiene policies and practices are the foundation for successful product safety and purity. They are the backbone of a meaningful Good manufacturing Practices (GMP). Proper personnel training and sanitation are of prime importance. Personnel engaged in the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of a drug product shall wear clean clothing appropriate for the duties they perform. All personnel should undergo medical check-up which may be a prerequisite for safe working condition. Personnel hygiene policies and procedures are to be followed by all personnel including management, visitors, production, sanitation and maintenance staff, for reducing the chance of product contamination. Personnel hygiene practices and procedures play a vital role in pharmaceutical industry in order to achieve a good quality and safe product.
Analysis and Characterization of Quality Systems in the Natural Medicinal Products Industry in Costa Rica and the World
Authors: Natalia Hernández Jiménez , Natalia Ortuño Montero , Fernanda Rojas Salas María , Marianela Chavarría Rojas , Rolando Vargas Zúñiga , German Leonardo Madrigal Redondo
Published: January 2022

The use of natural products has been a practice carried out by people throughout history to take care of their health and to alleviate a wide variety of ailments. The reasons for the use of natural medicine at this time, with so many advances in pharmacology, are varied, among which are the dissatisfaction of the immediate needs of people to feel better about themselves and the economic factor. It must be considered that not everything natural is good. Therefore, the products manufactured and distributed under the line of Natural Medicinal Products must go through a verification and certification process, ensuring that they contain sufficient information on their composition and effects to avoid the risks that they may bring to those who consume them. This research describes good practices in the manufacture of natural products and shows the establishment of a Quality Management System in the pharmaceutical industry in different countries of the world. Finally, the use of natural products in Costa Rica is detailed, certain aspects to establish a Quality Management System in the country, as well as its importance.
EU MDR 2017/745 will reduce the Risk of Medical Devices. Does MDCG got it Right?
Authors: Sagar Vidya , Patel Piyush , Rana Avni , Trivedi Bhavin , Patel Deepak , Kumar A Anil
Published: January 2022

Under the new European Union Medical Device Regulation (EU MDR), framed by Medical Device Coordination Group (MDCG), for each device manufacturers must have a documented risk management plan, identify and analyse the known and foreseeable hazards, estimate and evaluate the associated risks and eliminate or control those risks. In contrast with the MDD, the new EU MDR contains an explicit obligation in the new Article 10 (2), that manufacturers establish, document, implement and maintain a system for risk management. The detailed requirements of which are listed in the new Annex I Chapter I.

Compared to MDD there is more emphasis on Post Market Surveillance (PMS) activities with the inclusion of European Databank or European Database for Medical Devices (EUDAMED) and mandatory submission of Periodic Safety Update Report (PSUR) to all the actors in the possession with the medical devices.

A poll conducted by Aegis Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd, Ahmedabad, India concludes that the relevant annexures and sections in MDR 2017/745 have more emphasis on PMS, Vigilance, PSUR, EUDAMED, tracking, Implantation card etc. that are directed in regard to the safety of the Medical Device.
Preventing Prescription Drug Misuse: A Regulatory Perspective in the United States, Europe, and India
Authors: Dhruvi  B Thakker  , Patel Kalpana G
Published: January 2022

Prescription medicines, such as analgesics, stimulants, steroids, anti-depressants, psychotropics, and certain antibiotics are commonly mishandled in a variety of ways, including overdosing, abuse, diversion, and drug trafficking. Because of the considerable risk to public health, they are subject to strict regulatory oversight. The drugs possess abuse potential at specific dose and hence prone to abuse therefore they are categorized as Controlled substances. Therefore, they are subject to constant vigilance over the pharmaceutical supply chain. The complete clinical data as well as post marketing surveillance study of such drugs are critical to be in place as per the regulatory requirements. The countries have kept up with the times by constantly updating the system with regulatory laws and strategies to prevent cases of misuse. The current review will give a quick summary of how prescription medications and prohibited substances are regulated in the United States, Europe, and India. It will also emphasize current trends in drug usage, as well as the issues that these countries face and the preventive policies implemented to manage and prevent drug misuse. It will also make recommendations for new regulatory initiatives to address the current drug- misuse-related concerns. As a result, a review of the regulatory system in various countries will present current challenges and new lessons for countries around the globe.
ACQUIRED NEONATAL SEVERE FACTOR II DEFICIENCY- TWO CASES REPORT
Authors: Zhu George
Published: January 2022

In present study two cases of transient acquired and isolated factor II deficiency associated with severe bleeding are reported. Two infants were involved in severe coagulopathy. The blood clot time (CT) in case 2 was excessively prolonged over 16 hours. One-stage prothrombin time (PT) was remarkable prolonged. Haemostatic markers analysis showed an isolated deficiency of factor II at 2.5% and 4.5% respectively. No inhibitory activity against factor II could be detected. We successfully treated the deficiency with vitamin K1 during 15 days. It was interesting that in the case 2 female baby the cause of vitamin K deficiency might be breast feed problem (nutrition deficiency) and/or poor absorption from bowel. Physiopathological laboratory results and therapeutic aspects of two patients were presented.
            
Peer Review History:
Received: 1 November 2021; Revised: 9 December; Accepted: 28 December, Available online: 15 January 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. 
Received file:                Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye
Dr. Ogbonna B. Onyebuchi, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka,  Nigeria, summitpharm@yahoo.com
On Understanding of Tawhid in Isma‘ilism
Authors: Korneeva T. G.
Published: January 2022

The article raises the question of understanding the principle of tawhid in the Isma‘ili philosophical discourse. Isma‘ili philosophers defended the absolute transcendence of God and His indescribability. The article describes the understanding of the one and only God in Isma‘ilism, analyzes the problem of the relationship between the One and the multiple within the paradigmatic pairs of Arab-Muslim philosophy ‒ “explicit‒hidden” and “basic‒branch”. It is impossible to call God the Original, otherwise it will be necessary to recognize that He is dependent and conditioned by His consequence, and this detracts from Him. God, according to the ideas of Ismailism, has only one “true” attribute — huwiyya, which forms the required nominal multiplicity and “transition” from the transcendent God to the cognizable plural world. It is the huwiyya of God that gives the impetus for the appearance of the First Cause — the command of God “Be!”, which is also its own consequence. Combining cause and eff ect, the command of God has absolute completeness. The reader is also off ered for the fi rst time in Russian a commented translation of an excerpt from the treatise of the Ismaili philosopher of the 11th century Nasir Khusraw “Six chapters” (Shish fasl) — Chapter “On the knowledge of tawhid”.
Islam in Karachay-Cherkessia Region During the Soviet Period
Authors: Kratova N. V.
Published: January 2022

Based on a wide range of sources, this article shows the development of Islam on the territory of Karachay- Cherkessia during the Soviet period. In the fi rst years of Soviet power, the declared atheism did not prevent the Bolsheviks from using the religious factor to attract the sympathy of the population. The commonality of Islam and Bolshevism in relation to social equality and justice was declared, and the system of Shari‘a legal proceedings was preserved for some time. As their positions were strengthened, the Bolsheviks no longer needed allies, the religious infrastructure was destroyed, and the clergy, including the Islamic ones, were repressed. However, in the conditions of the Great Patriotic War, when the need arose for the formation of patriotic sentiments, religion again took its, albeit limited, place in public life. The sound policy pursued by the regional authorities with regard to Islam in the 1980s made it possible to successfully resist the onslaught of religious extremism that hit the country in the post- Soviet period and build a religious infrastructure practically from scratch.
Islam in the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2020 in Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Habibullina Z. R.
Published: January 2022

The article is a monitoring of the main events concerning the Muslim community of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2020 based on content analysis of text materials from government reports, press releases, websites and social media pages of Islamic organizations. The pandemic that began at the end of 2019 and the lockdown introduced in Russia demanded that Islamic communities adapt to new conditions. The danger of the spread of COVID-19 has reduced the internal confl ict in the Islamic environment and the public’s attention to the problems of radicalism. The drop in mosques attendance was off set by the development and use of digital resources in religious activities. At the same time, limited contacts, reduced offl ine events and meetings contributed to strengthening the new course of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Republic of Bashkortostan towards decentralization and regionalisation. The activities of the Central Spiritual Administration of Russia, located in Ufa, remained without change on a national scale.
On Development of Muslim Community of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2021
Authors: Khabutdinov A Yu.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the development of the Muslim community of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) in 2021. The author continues a series of articles exploring the Muslim community of Tatarstan in 2000–2010-s. The article concludes that stability in the religious sphere is generally maintained in the Republic of Tatarstan. In the context of the continuation of the pandemic, social activities are becoming increasingly important. The most important socio- political plot for the Tatar religious fi gures of Russia was the preparation and participation in the All- Russian Population Census of 2021. The VIII Congress of the Muslim Spiritual Administration (MSA) of the Republic of Tatarstan retained the former Mufti and Bash-qadi (the main Sharia judge) of the MSA of the Republic of Tatarstan in their posts. Law enforcement agencies continue to identify the activities and punish representatives of radical organizations banned in the Russian Federation
Islam and Traditional Culture in Present-Day Uzbekistan: Relationship and Features
Authors: Emelyanenko T. G.
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the changes that occur in the religious policy of Uzbekistan after gaining state independence (1991), and the impact that they have on various areas of everyday culture — traditional ceremonies, costume, religious and everyday behavior, etc. It is noted that along with justifi ed government measures aimed at preventing religious extremism are strengthening the control of offi cial Muslim organizations and their representatives over everyday life, over the execution of something only religious, but also family and social norms and ritual practices. The policy of religious tolerance and the course towards enlightened Islam, which is currently being conducted in Uzbekistan, imply not only the freedom of Muslims to openly demonstrate their religious affi liation through visits to mosques, the performance of Muslim rites, through special details of a costume, etc., but also the “purifi cation” of Islam from pre- Islamic performances and rituals that traditionally existed in the “everyday” form of its functioning among local Muslims, the modifi cation of ancient rites and rituals and the revaluation of cultural heritage. Modern realities determine the relevance of the ethnographic study of Islam in Central Asia and the need for new approaches to the study of traditional everyday and everyday culture — its consideration in the context of the processes that occur in regional Islam. The article is based on the author’s fi eld materials, mainly collected during trips to Uzbekistan.
The History of Russian Qur’аn Translations (19th Century — Middle 20th Century)
Authors: Mukhetdinov D. V.
Published: January 2022

This article is devoted to the history of the tradition of translations of the Qur’an into Russian from the nineteenth century to the translation by I. Yu. Krachkovsky. The article examines the background to the creation of these translations, their key features and their importance for the development of the Russian tradition of translation and interpretation of the Qur’an. Particular attention is paid to the importance of studying these translations of the Qur’an into Russian in the context of the development of the Russian tradition of Qur’anic interpretation and the Russian school of Islamic studies. The purpose of this study is also to attract Russian and foreign Islamologists and Qur’anologists to a thorough study of the heritage of the Russian tradition of Qur’anic translation and to consider the prospects of its development in the twenty- fi rst century.
On Appeals to Non-existent Authorities as Arguments from Analogy
Authors: Hinton Martin
Published: January 2022

Herein, I consider arguments resting on an appeal to a non-existent authority as a species of argument from authority, and ultimately show them to be reliant on arguments from analogy in their inferential force. Three sub-types of argument are discussed: from authorities as yet unborn, no longer living, or incapable of ever doing so. In each case it is shown that an element of arguing from analogy is required since there can be no direct evidence of any assertions of the source. In conclusion, it is suggested that such steps of analogy are employed frequently in traditional arguments from authority.
Reflections on Minimal Adversariality
Authors: Govier Trudy
Published: January 2022

Beginning with my 1999 account in The Philosophy of Argument, this essay explores views about adversariality in argument.  Although my distinction between minimal and ancillary adversariality is widely accepted, there are flaws in my defense of the claim that all arguments exhibit minimal adversariality and in a lack of sensitivity to aspects of gender and culture. Further discussions of minimal adversariality, including those of Scott Aikin, John Casey, Katharina Stevens and Daniel Cohen, are discussed. The claim that all argument are adversarial in at least a minimal sense is defended due to its connection with arguers’ intent to support their conclusions.
Skendöd/Suspended animation [27 October - 2020-11-13 10:08]
Authors: Bella Rune
Published: January 2022

Samband, översättningar och läckage mellan handskapade objekt och digitala formuleringar. Kopplingar mellan textilen och det digitala undersöks genom skulptur. Metoder för gestaltning av konstnärlig forskning genom utställning.
Fetal Size Classified Using Gestational Days rather than Gestational Weeks Improves Correlation with Stillbirth Risk: A Statewide Population Study.
Authors: Pritchard Natasha , Walker Susan , Tong Stephen , Lindquist Anthea C.
Published: January 2022

Objective: Many growth charts provide single centile cutoffs for each
week of gestation, yet fetuses gain weight throughout the week. We aimed
to assess whether using a single centile per week distorts the
proportion of infants classified as small and their risk of stillbirth
across the week. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Victoria,
Australia. Population: Singleton, non-anomalous infants born from
2005-2015 (529,261). Methods: We applied growth charts to identify
small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses on week-based charts (single
centile per gestational week) and day-based charts (centile per
gestational day). Main outcome measures: Proportions <10th
centile by each chart, and stillbirth risk amongst SGA infants. Results:
Using week-based charts, 12.1% of infants born on the first day of a
gestational week were SGA, but only 7.8% on the final day; ie. an
infant born at the end of the week was 44% less likely to be classed as
SGA (p<0.0001). The relative risk of stillbirth amongst SGA
infants born on the final day of the week compared with the first was
1.47 (95%CI 1.09-2.00, p=0.01). Using day charts, SGA proportions were
similar and stillbirth risk equal between the beginning and end of the
week (9.5% vs 9.9%). Conclusions: Growth standards using a single
cutoff for a gestational week overestimate the proportion of infants
that are small at the beginning of the week and underestimate the
proportion at the end. This distorts the risk of stillbirth amongst SGA
infants based on when in the week an infant is born. Day-based charts
should be used
Influence of long-term fertilization on yield and quality of spring triticale grain
Authors:   Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine, Hospodarenko Hryhorii , Liubych Vitalii ,   Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine
Published: January 2022

Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) is a promising cereal crop that has a number of economically valuable properties that are absent in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The research was conducted at Uman National University of Horticulture (Ukraine) in a long-term stationary experiment, founded in 1964. The aim of the work was to study the influence of long-term application of different fertilizer systems (mineral, organic and organo-mineral) on the yield and grain quality of spring triticale. It has been established that in the conditions of high air temperature and soil moisture deficit, mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer systems have an advantage. In sufficient wet conditions, all studied fertilizer systems are highly efficient. Spring triticale (Kharkiv Hlibodar variety) has a high reaction to fertilizers, as grain yield increases from 6.3–6.6 to 9.0–9.5 t ha-1 (р≤0.05). Mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer systems have the greatest effect on protein content. In conditions of sufficient moisture, all levels of mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer systems significantly increase the protein content in spring triticale grain. In arid conditions, saturation of crop rotation area with N90P90K90 (M2), N135P135K135 (M3) and Manure 9 t +N46P68K36 (OM2), Manure 13.5 t + N69P102K54 (OM3) is preferred. It should be noted that spring triticale is quite reactive with fertilizers, as the protein content increases from 13.2–14.0 to 15.2–16.0% (р≤0.05) depending on the fertilizer system. The high influence of fertilizer system and year factors on yield and protein content in triticale grain has been established. It should be noted that spring triticale grain yield varies most from the weather conditions of the growing season.
Diet optimization for dairy cows to reduce ammonia emissions
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Kreismane Dzidra , Aplocina Elita , Naglis-Liepa Kaspars , Berzina Laima , Frolova Olga , Lenerts Arnis
Published: January 2022

Feeding livestock a balanced diet with a differentiated crude protein (CP) content, depending on the lactation phase can reduce nitrogen emissions from livestock excrement and urine. A higher content of non-starch polysaccharides in livestock diets improves feed absorption in the livestock body and, consequently, nitrogen is emitted more from protein present in livestock manure than from urea acid present in livestock urine. The aim of the study is to calculate the ammonia emission reduction potential in Latvia by optimizing the feeding of dairy cows and ensuring life longevity, as well as provide justification for ammonia emission reduction in dairy farms. Calculations made by using the NorFor Model for optimization of dairy cow (Bos primigenius f. taurus) diets revealed that compared with lowyielding cows, a higher CP content diet fed to high-yielding cows at the beginning of lactation increased the amount of nitrogen (N) in their excrement and urine by 90–180 g d-1. Reducing the CP content in the cow diet by an average of 10 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) during mid-lactation resulted in the same trend. Reducing the CP content in the cow diet during late lactation and the dry period by another 20–30 g kg-1 of DM, N emissions from excrement and urine significantly decreased. Increasing the lifespan of dairy cows also means reducing ammonia emissions from the farm. By increasing the number of lactations per cow on dairy farm, it is possible to reduce the number of heifers per cow. The total reduction of ammonia emissions in Latvia was calculated based on a long-term projection of a decrease of 0.1 heifer per dairy cow. Ammonia emissions could be reduced by 0.051 kt by decreasing the number of heifers by 12.54 thou. at the planned increase in the lifespan of dairy cows by 2030.
Post fire ground vegetation development over 25 years
Authors:   Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava', Freimane Lasma , Caksa Linda , Karklina Annija , Elferts Didzis , Berzina Beate
Published: January 2022

Fire has been a part of natural disturbance regime in boreal and to some extent also hemiboreal forests, affecting soil and light conditions, seedbanks, trees and ground vegetation. The most significant factors affecting occurrence, severity and size of forest fires are anthropogenic, weather and the environment, all of which are changing due to human-caused climate change. This paper discusses medium term (25 years) vegetation development in five different biotopes after fire disturbance. Sample plots were established in Slitere Reserve (now National park) in north-western Latvia on areas affected by large fire in 1992. Data were collected in 1993, 2002 and 2017. The aim of the study was to characterize the regeneration and succession of ground vegetation after the fire. In 1993, species such as bog-rosemary (Andromeda polifolia), heather (Calluna vulgaris) and cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus) were observed in the ground vegetation a year after the fire. In 2002 liverworts appeared, indicating that the bog has acquired more stable and wetter conditions, but in 2017, liverwort mosses were no longer present and the percentage cover of Rubus chamaemorus decreased significantly and Calluna vulgaris, sphagnum sp., and Betula pendula were present in large quantities in the bog. Comparing these studied years, it can be concluded that all these years the biotopes and species have continuously developed and are regenerating.
Soil carbon stock in fertilized forest stands with mineral soils
Authors:   Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava', Karklina Ilze , Lazdins Andis , Stola Jelena , Butlers Aldis , Zvaigzne Zaiga Anna , Purvina Dana
Published: January 2022

Forest mineral soil is one of the terrestrial carbon pools, and changes in forest management practices can affect the carbon stock in forest soil. The purpose of the study is to estimate temporal fertilization impact on mineral soil organic carbon stock, depending on fertilizers applied, forest stand type, different dominant tree species of the stands. Coniferous and birch forest stands with mineral soil in the central and eastern part of Latvia were selected for the experiment. The fertilizers used were wood ash and nitrogen containing mineral fertilizer. No significant differences in organic carbon stock in O horizon were detected 2–5 years after fertilization. A tendency of smaller organic carbon stock in upper mineral soil layers (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm) was found in most part of objects. Significantly smaller organic carbon stock was found in upper mineral soil layers (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) in birch stands with wet mineral soil treated with ammonium nitrate if compared to the control plots, possibly due to a different soil moisture regime of forest stands. The positive and significant correlations between soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks were found in most part of the objects.
Short-term effects of fertilization on photosynthetic activity in a deciduous tree plantation
Authors:   Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava', Petaja Guna , Karklina Ilze , Neimane Santa
Published: January 2022

Fertilization is a method to enhance tree growth and timber production. Ammonium nitrate and wood ash are commonly used fertilizers, which can be applied at the same time to increase levels of both nitrogen and other macro- and micronutrients. We studied how ammonium nitrate and wood ash fertilization affects photosynthetic activity and transpiration at leaf level in a deciduous tree plantation in former agricultural land with mineral soil, located in the central part of Latvia (Keipene parish). Additionally, we performed foliar and soil nutrient analyses. Our results support the notion that nitrogen fertilization may not result in increased photosynthetic activity. It is possible that the photosynthetic activity has increased at canopy scale along with increasing leaf area, not at leaf scale. Wood ash addition seems to have resulted in higher photosynthetic activity for hybrid alder, although it could not be explained with phosphorus availability. Although closely related to photosynthesis, in most cases transpiration was not positively affected by fertilization. Environmental factors, such as humidity, temperature and wind speed may have a greater effect on this process.