bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les arts et techniques Bantu: le cas des Orungu
Authors: Ayamine-Anguilet M. Pierre
Published: June 2022

Le présent article offre une ethnographiedu peuple Orungu de la République du Gabon, en montrant comment ce peuple côtier, originellement agriculteur et pêcheur, s'est transformés en marins. Cette transformation s'est fait accompagnée de l'acquisition des connaissances et des techniques qui ont donné aux Orungu une grande maîtrise de la mer. En plus de la maîtrise de l'ecosystème marin illustré par les choix des produits marins consommés pour les peuples côtiers et marins, les Orungu possèdent une connaissance minutieuse du régime des marées et des vents; une maîtrise des techniques de navigation caractérisées pour la frabrication des pirogues et pour l'usage de la voile qui fait d'eux des spécialistes de la navigation en haute mer.
Mestiçagem, emigração e mudança em Cabo Verde
Authors: Lopes Filho João
Published: June 2022

Encontrado desabitado pelos portugueses, no século XV, o processo e as estratégias encontrados para a fixação humana nas ilhas, sua exploração económica e estabilização social no arquipélago de Cabo Verde conduziram à ligação do homem branco (senhor) com a mulher negra (escrava), surgindo o mulato. Terminado o rendoso tráfico e comércio de escravos, os cabo-verdianos foram abandonados e entregues ao seu próprio destino, arcando o mestiço com todas as responsabilidades. Passou, assim, a ser o motor da formação da sociedade cabo-verdiana, na medida em que a sua importante contribuição deu lugar àquilo que, em termos socioculturais, se chamou “o mundo que o mulato criou”. Todavia, os contatos com o exterior acentuaram-se nos finais do século XVIII, com a saída de emigrantes cabo-verdianos rumo aos Estados Unidos da América. Seguiu-se o Brasil e a Argentina, mais tarde a África e, finalmente, a Europa nos meados do Século XX. Portanto, a conjugação de fatores como o desequilíbrio ecológico, a emigração, a independência nacional e a ação da comunicação social, aceleraram as transformações socioculturais nesse universo islenho, propiciando alterações com efeitos económicos, consequências sociais e repercussões culturais, que dinamizaram a mestiçagem em Cabo Verde.
La mort - sa conception - les céremonies chez les Fon et les Yorubas de Ouidah
Authors: Denis Dohou Codjo
Published: June 2022

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Pan-africanismo e teoria social: uma herança crítica
Authors: Barbosa Muryatan Santana
Published: June 2022

Pan-Africanism was born of the struggle of black activists to promote the construction of their ethno-racial community. His original characteristic is to build positive and internationalist views about this identity, understood as the black community: African and African descent. Stand out among its representatives intellectuals as E. Blyden, W. E. Du Bois, M. Garvey, Franz Fanon and K. N’Krumah. In the second half of the twentieth century, this tradition had been submitted to severe criticism in theoretical and political scene. Above all, as supposed to be creating an essentialist view of the black community. This essay seeks to explain, briefly, the dispute over the pan-African ideals. Finally, it will highlight how some guiding principles of this tradition can be useful as theoretical resources of the new black African research
African political speeches and pragmatic meanings: a study of president Goodluck Jonathan’s 50th independence speech
Authors: Uduma Eke O.
Published: June 2022

Este estudo investiga os significados semântico-pragmáticos do modal – intenção (quero), obrigação (devo), capacidade (posso) – no discurso do presidente Goodluck Jonathan durante o jubileu de 50 anos de independência da Nigéria, e faz uma análise das implicações sociolinguísticas. Levando em conta as características sociais da comunicação burocrático-política, traz à tona uma abordagem coerente e bem definida na análise de discursos políticos. Tendo em foco o discurso do presidente Jonathan durante o 50º aniversário da independência da Nigéria para identificar o impacto do discurso sobre a população nigeriana, também para identificar os significados da ideia pragmática. Conclui que este não é apenas um discurso de congratulações apenas, mas um discurso destinado a lembrar-nos (nigerianos) que o futuro e o desenvolvimento como nação depende da vontade e da união de todos e exorta-nos a esquecer as diferenças tribais e religiosas e promover a unidade entre as diversas tribos. Lamentou as ações dos que intencionam desestabilizar a unidade nigeriana. Concluímos, portanto, que o discurso do presidente é, antes de tudo, uma mensagem destinada a incentivar e despertar os nigerianos para o trabalho conjunto da construção de uma nação onde as futuras gerações viveriam em paz e unidade
Mestiçagem, identidade e consciência política. o caso do movimento literário caboverdiano “Claridade”
Authors: Tavares Eugène
Published: June 2022

The question of Cape Verdean identity is still not distinct. The debate, which is even as old as the archipelago, has occupied Cape Verdean intellectuals of all the generations. Sometimes regarded as a case of European regionalism sometimes as that of African regionalism, and even as belonging to a sixth continent, Cape Verde is still looking for its identity, which is left to the convulsive movements of the political and ideological interests
Los estudios africanistas en Venezuela
Authors: Beltran Luis
Published: June 2022

El balance de los estudios africanistas en Venezuela no resulta demasiado prometedor si nos atenemos a su resultados hasta la fecha y ello a pesar de dos factores que prodrían haberse conjugado y despertar un interés por los temas africanistas en el país.
Vila Rica: nota sobre casamentos de escravos (1727-1826)
Authors: Luna Francisco Vidal , Costa Iraci del Nero da
Published: June 2022

O objetivo perseguido neste estudo consubstancia-se na análise de duas características dos nubentes: a condição social e a origem. À primeira corresponderam duas categorias – escravos e forros –, pois não se verificou enlace algum entre cativo e indivíduo nascido livre; quanto à segunda, definimos quatro grupos: bantos, sudaneses, outros africanos e coloniais (cativos nascidos no Brasil).
Nôs Ermô Jurad – Sergio Frusoni
Authors: Romano Luis
Published: June 2022

S'algum dia alguem tiver ciença e conciença d'estudá obra de SERGIO FRUSONI, qand for detreminad sindicança d'assent de formaçõ – enformaçõ – informaçõ de Linga CABVERD, justiça ha-de ser fêt pada'l sê lugar merecid de Letrad Desbravador de Nôs Idioma – Poeta de Pov – e Contador d'Estora.
O percurso mítico do meio-dia (análise simbólica de um poema de Aimé Césaire)
Authors: Porto Maria Bernardette Velloso
Published: June 2022

O conjunto poético Les armes miraculeuses, publicado em 1946 pela Editora Gallimard, não mereceu ainda estudos críticos à sua altura. Escolhemos, para objeto de análise de nossa dissertação de mestrado, o poema "Le grand midi". Texto denso e vigoroso, revela o enontro entre o surrealismo e a concepção da negritude, entre mitos greco-latinos e mitos africanos. Sua interpretação se vê dificultada pela inexistência de uma boa bibliografia crítica sobre seu autor. De modo geral, as leituras feitas da obra poética de Cesáire, em número reduzido, preocupam-se ora em realçar o engajamento do poeta, ora em parafrasear o próprio texto, como é o caso dos estudos de Kestellot, Kotchy e Juin.
Um bestiário negro: análise das imagens zoomórficas do "Cahier d´un retour au pays natal", de Aimé Césaire
Authors: Silva Fernanda Maria de Souza e
Published: June 2022

Em Um bestiário negro apresentamos o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada sobre o texto desse poema, onde verificamos a presença constante, multiforme, quase obsessiva, da temática da animalização. Ao submetermos à análise suas imagens zoomorfas, tomamos por base e roteiro as obras de Bachelard e Durand.
A data da morte da rainha Jinga D. Verônica (segunda parte)
Authors: Campos Fernando
Published: June 2022

O único documento conhecido que se refere ao passamento da Rainha Jinga D. Verônica I (D. Verônica Guterres) é a Relação das Missões transcrita nos Documentos do Visconde de Paiva Manso (História do Congo). Infelizmente essa Relação não traz a data da morte dessa Rainha de Angola, nem sequer está datada, importando pois saber quando é que D. Verônica I morreu.
A data da morte da rainha Jinga D. Verônica I (terceira parte)
Authors: Campos Fernando
Published: June 2022

O único documento conhecido que se refere ao passamento da Rainha Jinga D. Verônica I (D. Verônica Guterres) é a Relação das Missões transcrita nos Documentos do Visconde de Paiva Manso (História do Congo). Infelizmente essa Relação não traz a data da morte dessa Rainha de Angola, nem sequer está datada, importando pois saber quando é que D. Verônica I morreu.
Os estudos de ciências humanas sobre a África lusófana no exterior (1961/1982)
Authors: Serrano Carlos
Published: June 2022

De uma análise sucinta dos trabalhados e bibliografias de ciências humanas que se refere à África lusófona, a primeira constatação é a de que a maior parte dos estudos, referentes a este espaço africano, só a partir da década de 60 recebe um notável incremento, dada a generalização da luta de libertação nacional em todos os territórios do sistema colonial português. Aqueles estudos, que apareciam, na maior parte das vezes produzidos na metrópole-colonizadora como um apêndice circunstancial de suas histórias ou como instrumento de controle do sistema surgem, agora, subvertendo a ordem estabelecida e procurando uma outra objetividade. E isso só parece ser possível pela exterioridade dos cientistas sociais ao próprio sistema, bem como pelo discurso das lideranças políticas dos movimentos de libertação.
La necesité rituelle chez les Maassai
Authors: Roumeguère-Eberhardt Jacqueline
Published: June 2022

Les Maassai sont, à notre avis, les descendants d´un peuple de protosemites qui auraient élaboré l´ancienne civilisation de Napata-Méroe sur les bords du Nil, et qui, par le caractère encore si apparent de société centripète, auraient su se maintenir à travers les siècles, a la fois en intégrant les peuples qui´ls rencontraient à leur complexe culturel et en résistant toujours aux efforts d´assimilation de la part des autres civilisations.
Vida quotidiana e religião popular: o sacrifício e as águas
Authors: Motta Roberto
Published: June 2022

Eu parto de uma hipótese dualista, uma hipótese segundo a qual o homem e, por conseguinte, as sociedades e as culturas, representam ao mesmo tempo mesa e festa. Ele não se define exclusivamente como produtor, não se define exclusivamente por suas relações de trabalho, não se define exclusivamente por seu lugar dentro de um modo de produção, nem se define exclusivamente como simbolizador. É as duas coisas ao mesmo tempo. É produtor e, mesmo assim, é ao mesmo tempo simbolizador.
‘Nsumwinu’: meaning and role in the structural composition of melodies in the urban music of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Mukuna Kazadi wa
Published: June 2022

The examination of the inserted nsumwinu (singular - Kasumwinu), in the lyrics of popular songs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), reveals hidden roles that are both musical and linguistic. Musically, the compositional technique of the melodic contour is derived from the observation of the semantic level of the language represented by the sequential pattern of tones on words that compose the kasumwinu. Linguistically, this sequential pattern of tones that determines the meaning of the word, must be faithfully observed in the music’s compositional process of the basic melodic contour, i.e., the linguistic tones dictate the direction of musical intervals, leaving the decision of the size of the interval to the creative discretion of the composer.1 This essay will reveal the linguistic significance and role of nsumwinu, in the urban music of the DRC, and to conclude that they provide the musical flexibility without altering the overall meaning of their intended message.
Applying multilayer analysis to morphological, structural, and functional brain networks to identify relevant dysfunction patterns
Authors: Casas-Roma Jordi , Martinez-Heras Eloy , Solé-Ribalta Albert , Solana Elisabeth , Lopez-Soley Elisabet , Vivó Francesc , Diaz-Hurtado Marcos , Alba-Arbalat Salut , Sepulveda Maria , Blanco Yolanda , Saiz Albert , Borge-Holthoefer Javier , Llufriu Sara , Prados Ferran
Published: June 2022

In recent years, research on network analysis applied to MRI data has advanced significantly. However, the majority of the studies are limited to single networks obtained from resting-state fMRI, diffusion MRI, or gray matter probability maps derived from T1 images. Although a limited number of previous studies have combined two of these networks, none have introduced a framework to combine morphological, structural, and functional brain connectivity networks. The aim of this study was to combine the morphological, structural, and functional information, thus defining a new multilayer network perspective. This has proved advantageous when jointly analyzing multiple types of relational data from the same objects simultaneously using graph- mining techniques. The main contribution of this research is the design, development, and validation of a framework that merges these three layers of information into one multilayer network that links and relates the integrity of white matter connections with gray matter probability maps and resting-state fMRI. To validate our framework, several metrics from graph theory are expanded and adapted to our specific domain characteristics. This proof of concept was applied to a cohort of people with multiple sclerosis, and results show that several brain regions with a synchronized connectivity deterioration could be identified.
Simply a Matter of Chemistry? The Nobel Prize for 1920
Authors: Barkan Diana Kormos
Published: June 2022

When, how, and by whom scientific knowledge is recognized with highest honors is illustrated by this avowedly atypical episode involving the Nobel Prize awarded to Walther Nernst for 1920. Mine is not a postmortem “wie es eigentlich gewesen” evaluation of the cognitive legitimation of his 1905 third law of thermodynamics, of whether the debates surrounding his work were justified, or whether the prize was merited. Rather, it is an admittedly close reading of many new and some old sources, an intrusive scrutiny of human imperfection and an excursion into the cultural symbolism of the Nobel Prize, the twentieth century’s emblematic arbiter in matters scientific.
The Community Concept in Community Ecology
Authors: McCoy E. D. , Shrader-Frechette K. S.
Published: June 2022

We argue that ecologists have conceived of the community concept in at least three ways (typological, functional, and statistical), and that ecologists have used “community,” as indicated by ecological terminology, in two main ways (type and group). The typological conception emphasizes phenomenological descriptions of co-occurring species, the functional conception emphasizes mathematical relationships among co-occurring species, and the statistical conception emphasizes the frequency of species’ co-occurrence. The type usage emphasizes idealized “types,” and the group usage emphasizes quantitative boundaries and/or mathematically precise interactions. We further argue that all of these senses of “community” are problematic. Ecologists seem unable to say precisely what a community is, in part because of the difficulty of (a) measuring community properties, (b) determining the temporal and spatial scale for various communities, and (c) evaluating the different meanings attributed to community terms. We suggest that although (a) and (b) appear to be difficulties that are heuristically useful for future ecological theorizing, (c) does not.
Descartes, Gassendi, and the Reception of the Mechanical Philosophy in the French Collèges de Plein Exercice, 1640–1730
Authors: Brockliss L. W. B.
Published: June 2022

This article explores the speed and form in which the mechanical philosophy was absorbed into the college curriculum in Louis XIV’s France. It argues that in general a mechanist approach to nature only began to be received sympathetically after 1690. It also emphasizes that it was the Cartesian not Gassendist form of the mechanical philosophy that professors espoused. While admitting that at present it is impossible to explain successfully the history of the reception of the mechanical philosophy in the classroom, the article concludes by attempting to throw light on the French preference for Descartes. This, it is suggested, is linked to the relative familiarity of Cartesian mechanism, the way the philosophy was packaged, and the political and religious environment.
Ethical Dilemmas in Archaeological Practice: Looting, Repatriation, Stewardship, and the (Trans)formation of Disciplinary Identity
Authors: Wylie Alison
Published: June 2022

North American archaeologists have long defined their ethical responsibilities in terms of a commitment to scientific goals and an opposition to looting, vandalism, the commercial trade in antiquities, and other activities that threaten archaeological resources. In recent years, the clarity of these commitments has been eroded from two directions: professional archaeologists find commercial entanglements increasingly unavoidable, and a number of nonarchaeological interest groups object that they are not served by scientific exploitation of the record. I offer an analysis of issues having to do with the identity of archaeology that underlie this debate and outline one strategy of response now emerging.
Substitution: Duhem’s Explication of a Chemical Paradigm
Authors: Needham Paul
Published: June 2022

An exposition of Pierre Duhem’s formulation of the structure of chemical substances as expressed by their formulas is given, presenting it as a development of his essentially Aristotelian view of mixtures. Duhem’s masterly development of the subject displays an eye for logical clarity familiar from his work in thermodynamics but applied here to the extraction of what he regarded as true from the history of chemistry. Though no longer defensible, the account has a conceptual interest in its own right and illuminates a less frequently discussed side of Duhem’s views.
Experimentation and Theory Choice: Is Thrombin an Enzyme?
Authors: Marcum James A.
Published: June 2022

Approaches to the analysis of theory choice in science studies often focus either on objective criteria or subjective values for evaluating theories or on critical experiments for testing theories. In the present article a historical case study in the biomedical sciences is reconstructed, in which experimentation was performed to choose between two competing theories of blood coagulation. Analysis of this case study reveals that experimentation exhibits a particular structure, composed of design, execution, and results, and specific characteristics, consisting of controllability, reproducibility, plasticity, and fecundity. Although this structure and these characteristics are not used to replace objective criteria or subjective values of theory evaluation or to define critical experiments, they are instrumental for analyzing and understanding theory choice.
Toward a History of Scientific Philosophy
Authors: Richardson Alan
Published: June 2022

Throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, philosophers of various sorts, including Helmholtz, Avenarius, Husserl, Russell, Carnap, Neurath, and Heidegger, were united in promulgating a new, “scientific” philosophy. This article documents some of the varieties of scientific philosophy and argues that the history of scientific philosophy is crucial to the development of analytic philosophy and the division between analytic and continental philosophy. Scientific philosophy defined itself via criticisms of old-fashioned systematic metaphysics and, in the twentieth century, of Lebensphilosophie. It offered a modernist vision of philosophy participating in a progressive, problem-solving, piecemeal, and collaborative scientific ethos. The article argues that the rise of scientific philosophy indicates a change of the conception of science as well as philosophy in the late nineteenth century and notes some tensions in the accounts of science offered by scientific philosophers. The article offers some preliminary lessons for the interpretation of logical empiricism and phenomenology as episodes within a larger history of scientific philosophy.
Insider and Outsider Perspectives in the Anthropology of Science: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Jacobson David , Ziegler Charles A.
Published: June 2022

Understanding the categories in terms of which people act is a basic tenet of anthropological research. This principle should apply to the study of scientists, yet analysts (social scientists and others) often do not address the content of science and, therefore, ignore a significant aspect of the conceptual framework within which scientists act. This paper examines, in the case of the development of the American secret nuclear surveillance system, the limitations of interpretations that do not adequately analyze such a conceptual framework. It also examines the implications of this case for an anthropology of science.
Quantifying the Impact of Precipitation-Type Algorithm Selection on the Representation of Freezing Rain in an Ensemble of Regional Climate Model Simulations
Authors: McCray Christopher D. , Thériault Julie M. , Paquin Dominique , Bresson Émilie
Published: June 2022

Given their potentially severe impacts, understanding how freezing rain events may change as the climate changes is of great importance to stakeholders including electrical utility companies and local governments. Identification of freezing rain in climate models requires the use of precipitation-type algorithms, and differences between algorithms may lead to differences in the types of precipitation identified for a given thermodynamic profile. We explore the uncertainty associated with algorithm selection by applying four algorithms (Cantin and Bachand, Baldwin, Ramer, and Bourgouin) offline to an ensemble of simulations of the fifth-generation Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM5) at 0.22° grid spacing. First, we examine results for the CRCM5 driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis to analyze how well the algorithms reproduce the recent climatology of freezing rain and how results vary depending on algorithm parameters and the characteristics of available model output. We find that while the Ramer and Baldwin algorithms tend to be better correlated with observations than Cantin and Bachand or Bourgouin, their results are highly sensitive to algorithm parameters and to the number of pressure levels used. We also apply the algorithms to four CRCM5 simulations driven by different global climate models (GCMs) and find that the uncertainty associated with algorithm selection is generally similar to or greater than that associated with choice of driving GCM for the recent past climate. Our results provide guidance for future studies on freezing rain in climate simulations and demonstrate the importance of accounting for uncertainty between algorithms when identifying precipitation type from climate model output.

Significance Statement

Freezing rain events and ice storms can have major consequences, including power outages and dangerous road conditions. It is therefore important to understand how climate change might affect the frequency and severity of these events. One source of uncertainty in climate studies of these events is related to the choice of algorithm used to detect freezing rain in model output. We compare the frequency of freezing rain identified using four different algorithms and find sometimes large differences depending on the algorithm chosen over some regions. Our findings highlight the importance of taking this source of uncertainty into account and will provide researchers with guidance as to which algorithms are best suited for climate studies of freezing rain.
Shear Instabilities and Stratified Turbulence in an Estuarine Fluid Mud
Authors: Tu Junbiao , Fan Daidu , Sun Feixiang , Kaminski Alexis , Smyth William
Published: June 2022

This study presents field observations of fluid mud and the flow instabilities that result from the interaction between mud-induced density stratification and current shear. Data collected by shipborne and bottom-mounted instruments in a hyperturbid estuarine tidal channel reveal the details of turbulent sheared layers in the fluid mud that persist throughout the tidal cycle. Shear instabilities form during periods of intense shear and strong mud-induced stratification, particularly with gradient Richardson number smaller than or fluctuating around the critical value of 0.25. Turbulent mixing plays a significant role in the vertical entrainment of fine sediment over the tidal cycle. The vertical extent of the billows identified seen in the acoustic images is the basis for two useful parameterizations. First, the aspect ratio (billow height/wavelength) is indicative of the initial Richardson number that characterizes the shear flow from which the billows grew. Second, we describe a scaling for the turbulent dissipation rate ε that holds for both observed and simulated Kelvin–Helmholtz billows. Estimates for the present observations imply, however, that billows growing on a lutocline obey an altered scaling whose origin remains to be explained.
Ocean Surface Roughness from Satellite Observations and Spectrum Modeling of Wind Waves
Authors: Hwang Paul A.
Published: June 2022

Many wind wave spectrum models provide excellent wave height prediction given the input of wind speed and wave age. Their quantification of the surface roughness, on the other hand, varies considerably. The ocean surface roughness is generally represented by the mean square slope, and its direct measurement in open ocean remains a challenging task. Microwave remote sensing from space delivers ocean surface roughness information. Satellite platforms offer global coverage in a broad range of environmental conditions. This paper presents low-pass mean square slope (LPMSS) data obtained by spaceborne microwave altimeters and reflectometers operating at L, Ku, and Ka bands (about 1.6, 14, and 36 GHz). The LPMSS data represent the spectrally integrated ocean surface roughness with 11, 95, and 250 rad m−1 upper cutoff wavenumbers, and the maximum wind speeds are 80, 29, and 25 m s−1, respectively. A better understanding of the ocean surface roughness is important to the goal of improving wind wave spectrum modeling. The analysis presented in this paper shows that over two orders of magnitude of the wavenumber range (0.3–30 rad m−1), the spectral components follow a power function relating the dimensionless spectrum and the ratio between wind friction velocity and wave phase speed. The power function exponent is about 0.38, which is considerably smaller than unity as expected from the classical equilibrium spectrum function. It may suggest that wave breaking is not only an energy sink but also a source of roughness generation covering a wideband of wavelengths about 20 m and shorter.

Significance Statement

This paper presents low-pass mean square slope (LPMSS) data obtained by spaceborne microwave altimeters and reflectometers operating at L, Ku, and Ka bands (about 1.6, 14, and 36 GHz). The LPMSS data represent the spectrally integrated ocean surface roughness with 11, 95, and 250 rad m−1 upper cutoff wavenumbers, and the maximum wind speeds are 80, 29, and 25 m s−1, respectively. A better understanding of the ocean surface roughness is important to the goal of improving wind wave spectrum modeling that is critical to the investigation of air–sea interaction and ocean remote sensing. The analysis presented in this paper suggests that wave breaking is not only an energy sink but also a generation source of surface roughness covering a wide band of wavelengths about 20 m and shorter.
Characterization of Animal Protein-Based Binders in Ancient Chinese Wall Paintings Using Atomic Force Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Zou Weihan , Yeo Sok Yee
Published: June 2022

In this study, the topographical characteristics of protein-based binders in ancient Chinese wall paintings and the properties of their sources were investigated and identified. Fifteen samples of protein-based binders (skin glue, bone glue, egg glue, and milk glue) before and after aging and mixing azurite were prepared. Next, the topographical characteristics, adhesive properties, and infrared spectra for each chemical group in the binders were analyzed using atomic force microscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR), and the sources of various binders were identified using ATR FT-IR and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that protein binders such as fish bladder, cow bone, and egg white glue had lower roughness values and good consolidation properties. The most distinctive feature of skin and bone glues before and after aging or mixed with azurite was the stretching vibration peak of CH2 deformation vibration at around 1335 cm−1, while the significant characteristics of egg and milk glue was the C=O stretching vibration in Serine at 1306 cm−1 and C=O stretching vibrations in aspartic acid and glutamic acid at 1416 cm−1. In addition, the significant differences of absorbance peaks were observed in the infrared spectra of various bone, skin, egg, and milk glue samples before and after aging while the spectral differences become insignificant after mixing with azurite. The results of PCA confirmed that egg yolk and ewe’s and cow’s milk were well differentiated from animal skin and bone glue regardless of whether fresh, aged, or mixed with azurite. In addition, the differences between skin and bone glues were significant, and the various types of bone glue could be also differentiated before and after aging.
On alliance teams: Conceptualization, review, and future research agenda
Authors: van der Kamp Martijn , Tjemkes Brian , Duplat Valérie , Jehn Karen
Published: June 2022

With organizations working together more readily than ever before, it is becoming increasingly common to have teams of individuals from different organizations. These “alliance teams” bring together people across organizations to achieve collaborative outcomes. There is a lack of consensus among researchers on how to conceptualize an alliance team and fragmentation of the research across fields and theoretical perspectives has inhibited the development of a coherent body of knowledge on alliance teams. We aim to bring greater conceptual clarity and integrate the research on alliance teams by analyzing existing definitions of alliance teams to inductively arrive at a conceptualization of alliance teams along three key dimensions: factionalism, team scope of responsibility, and team entitativity. We then systematically review the diverse literature and derive three key research foci: diversity, goal ambiguity, and team connectivity to other teams. Our review shows that the three-dimensional (3D) conceptualization opens up valuable research opportunities and stimulates research across dimensions and foci when examining alliance team functioning and effectiveness. We use alliance team leadership, a critical topic in alliance team research, as an illustration of how the 3D conceptualization can help integrate and advance research on alliance teams. We conclude by providing a future research agenda.
Organizational Implications of Pope Francis’ Integral Ecology
Authors: Barrett Frank J. , Duns Ryan
Published: June 2022

We explore Pope Francis's “integral ecology” in the encyclical Laudato Si (Francis, 2015) as it provides us with an agenda for a planetary virtue ethic that should inspire the field of Organizational Development to reconsider the moral implications of our work. We begin by offering the framework of virtue ethics as a way of understanding Laudato Si (LS). We then summarize the argument in LS as it focuses on four ecological issues—climate change, pollution, water, and the plight of the poor as we tease out the document's implicit virtue ethic. Finally, we propose how OD practitioners can become more aware of the lens through which they approach their task, thereby coming to regard organizational change initiatives and moral-identity development as a single, undifferentiated, act.
Special beginnings: An explorative study of the early career experiences of volunteer special constables
Authors: Britton Iain , Callender Matthew , Farquharson Lois
Published: June 2022

The paper reports on a study of the early career experiences of voluntary Special Constables. The research identified the importance of practising, becoming and belonging for volunteers during initial training. Significant challenges in their early front-line practice were experienced alongside problems of processes, management, and organisation, and cultural challenges in terms of ‘fitting in’ and building relationships. The paper argues for the need to further professionalise police force approaches to new Special Constables and the need to shift away from a ‘finding their own way’ paradigm for new volunteer officers towards a structured, unified pathway of development.
Ripple Effects of Abusive Supervision
Authors: Khan Shahid , Thayil Avani
Published: June 2022

Abusive supervision (AS) is relentless in damaging employees’ personal and professional life. This study examines the underlying mechanism through which AS damages employees’ job and life satisfaction and, most importantly, the boundary conditions that help attenuate the cascading effects of AS. Using a sample of 187 employees from a large public sector organization, this study found that job tension transmits the antagonistic effects of AS to employees’ job and life satisfaction. However, these effects were low for employees who were high rather than low in the personality trait of resilience. The study contributes to the AS literature by explicating job tension as one possible underlying mechanism and resilience as a personality trait that helps diminish the deleterious effects of AS on employees’ job tension and wellbeing. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.
Theology in the Shadow of the Holocaust: Revisiting Bonhoeffer and the Jews
Authors: Braverman Mark
Published: June 2022

The scholarship on Dietrich Bonhoeffer and the Jews has focused on two questions: (1) To what extent did the persecution of the Jews drive Bonhoeffer's actions with respect to the Third Reich, and (2) Did Bonhoeffer's theology of Judaism and the Jewish people undergo a change as a result of the Nazi program of persecution and extermination? The work ranges from writers who reject the hagiography of a Bonhoeffer who for the sake of the Jews joined the resistance and paid the ultimate price, to those who argue that the persecution of the Jews was key in the development of Bonhoeffer's theology and his resistance to National Socialism. Bonhoeffer biographer Eberhard Bethge figured large in this second group; Bethge's work in this area coincided with his involvement in Christian post-Holocaust theology, an expression of the intensely philojudaic theology that emerged in the West following World War II. Driven by the desire to atone for millennia of anti-Jewish doctrine and action, post-Holocaust theology has exerted a strong influence on Bonhoeffer scholarship. The argument of this article is that the postwar focus on Christian anti-Judaism has led the church away from confronting the exceptionalism that persists in Christian identity and teaching. In its penitential zeal, the postwar project to renounce church anti-Judaism has instead replaced it with a Judeo-Christian triumphalism and a theological embrace of political Zionism that betray fundamental gospel principles. These run counter to the passionate opposition to the merger of hyper-nationalism and religion that informs Bonhoeffer's radical, humanistic Christology. Fashioning Bonhoeffer as a martyr for the Jews and as a forerunner of post-Holocaust theology does damage to the legacy of his theology and distorts the lessons of his life and witness. This carries implications for the role of the church in confronting the urgent issues of our time.
Horace H. Underwood and the Shinto Shrine Rites Controversy in Colonial Korea
Authors: Ryu Dae Young
Published: June 2022

For the western missionaries the Shinto shrine rites controversy in colonial Korea was a theological crucible. As the Japanese government began forcing mission schools to attend the Shinto shrine ceremonies, American missionaries from the Presbyterian Church in the USA were divided between “fundamentalists” and “liberals” fighting a fierce theological battle over the nature of and participation in the Shinto shrine rites. Horace H. Underwood, President of Chosen Christian College in Seoul, was a leader of the “liberal minority” party. The “fundamentalist majority” held that the Shinto shrine ceremonies were religious acts and hence bowing during a Shinto ceremony violated the First Commandment. Underwood was uncomfortable with many religious elements in the Shinto rituals, but nevertheless believed that mere attendance and a bow did not constitute either participation in the ritual or worship of the enshrined beings. He thought that the conservative leaders were dictating other people's conscience.
Numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis of automatic optimization of gas extraction well locations in abandoned mines
Authors: Zheng Guiqiang , Gao Tianxin , Chen Dong , Liu Dequan , Wang Yongjian , Guo Dongxin , Liu Fengyu , Fan Mengya
Published: June 2022

There are large numbers of abandoned mines in China and abroad, among of which stores relative abundant coal-bed gas. The gas extraction from abandoned mines can be used for power generation or industrial gas utilization. In this paper, the present situation of abandoned mines in China and abroad was studied, and the disadvantages of the common layout and optimization methods of gas extraction in abandoned mines were pointed out. Based on the analysing of reservoir conditions and physical property parameters, the finite element software COMSOL was used to do the numerical simulation of extraction well automatically optimize, and take shenbei coal mine as an example. Moreover, an automatic optimization APP of well location was developed based on the results of simulation. Finally, the parameter sensitivity of gas extraction is analysed. Through the study, it is found that the most basic and common method of gas extraction in abandoned mines is empirical method, which lacks of theoretic support and accuracy, thus causing unreasonable extraction and waste of resources. In this study, the COMSOL numerical simulation software was used to explore the numerical simulation method of automatic well position optimization combined with the optimization algorithm. The Nelder-Mead algorithm was selected as the optimization algorithm after comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various algorithms. The operation flow and type of Nelder-Mead algorithm were analysed, and the optimization parameters of numerical simulation were set. Through the numerical simulation, the function of automatically searching the high-gas production position near the preset well position was realized, and the automatic optimization APP for gas extraction in abandoned mines was developed. Finally, the sensitivity of parameters to gas production in different well locations under three different pumping conditions which are horizontal, vertical and bottom-hole negative pressure was analysed; and the simulation results were discussed.
Changing Food Habits of Urban Middle-Class Youth in India: ‘Ordering In’
Authors: Patgiri Rituparna
Published: June 2022

The liberalisation of the Indian economy facilitated significant changes in the eating habits of urban middle-class Indians since the 1990s. While there have been studies on food and Indian society before liberalisation, on ‘street food’ and the impact of restaurants and practices of eating out after liberalisation in India, the rising phenomenon of ‘ordering in’ has remained relatively under-researched. This article examines the impact of online food delivery service providers on the food habits of urban middle-class youth in India. It finds that the combined effects of demonetisation and the related push towards digitalisation strengthened online food delivery services in the market. Subsequently, ordering in has become a regular part of the eating culture of urban middle-class youth, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study offers new insights into remarkable recent changes in the psycho-social and socio-economic structures of Indian society, affecting both consumers and service providers.
Adolescents’ social support networks and long-term psychosocial outcomes
Authors: Seok Deborah , Doom Jenalee R.
Published: June 2022

The current study examined how adolescents’ social support networks are associated with long-term psychosocial outcomes (depressive symptoms and romantic relationship quality) in a nationally representative sample of adolescents followed into adulthood. Data were from 14,800 participants who completed in-home interviews during Wave I (grades 7–12) and Wave IV (24–32 years) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Using latent class analysis, we identified three profiles of adolescent social support across parents, friends, teachers, and adults: (1) high support from all sources, (2) low teacher support and high support from other sources, and (3) low teacher/adult and moderate parent/friend support. The third profile reported significantly higher increases in depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood and lower romantic relationship quality in young adulthood than the other two profiles, but the “low teacher/high other support” group did not significantly differ from the “high support from everyone” group. Furthermore, multiple regression analyses indicated that adult and teacher support each interacted with parent support to predict outcomes during adulthood. These results highlight the advantage of having multiple supports in one’s social network and emphasize the importance of understanding how adolescents’ overall profile of relationships promotes their well-being in young adulthood.
Smart libraries: Changing the paradigms of library services
Authors: Igwe Kingsley N , Sulyman Abdulakeem S
Published: June 2022

Libraries as social spaces are bound to evolve based on a society’s level of civilisation and information media. This paper argues that the emergence of smart libraries have changed the paradigms of library by acknowledging the potential benefits and transformation smart library brings to library operations and services. It notes that analytical and computational thinking, data literacy, information literacy, social intelligence, programs and project management, cross-cultural competency, transliteracy, transdisciplinary, design thinking and mindset, virtual collaboration and cognitive load management are skills to be possessed by smart librarians. It highlights cloud computing, big data, 3D printing, IoT, Artificial Intelligence, RFID, drones etc., as the emerging technologies used for smart libraries and further discusses smart services, smart people, smart places and smart governance as the dimensions of smart library. Revelations are further made that smart libraries aid space saving, expansion of library working hours and services and promotes access to information, while remarks are made that lack of technological know-how, technophobia, data privacy and security, etc., are the challenges of smart library. It concludes that the emergence of smart library have facilitated the redefinition of library services and operations and recommends amongst others that librarians should continuously update their skills so that they can meet up with competitions that may arise from the challenges of globalisation of the information landscape.
Compression versus no compression after endovenous radiofrequency ablation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Dengxiao , Shi Chaohai , Zhang Yuan , Cui Qi , Zhai Shaobo , Huang Yalong , Zhou Cong , Chen Quan
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare compression with no-compression, after radiofrequency endothermal ablation of a truncal varicose vein.

Methods

Databases, such as PubMed, Embase, Cochran Library, and Web of Science, were independently searched by two researchers for relevant literature, preliminary screening was performed, and the full text was read to select studies that met the inclusion criteria. The quality of the included literature was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4.

Results

A total of four randomized controlled trials were included and a total of 552 patients were involved. Among them, 273 patients were in the compression group and 279 in the no-compression group. Meta-analysis results showed that the pain using the 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale was lower in the compression group than the pain in the no-compression group (MD = −4.22, 95% CI = −7.95 − −0.49, p = 0.03). No significant differences in terms of occlusion rate (RR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.96–1.02, p = 0.55), Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (MD = 0.46, 95% CI = −0.80–1.73, p = 0.47), and complications (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.61–2.94, p = 0.47) were observed between groups.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis suggests that compression therapy reduced post-operative pain compared to the no-compression group. However, no additional advantages were observed in terms of occlusion rates, quality of life scores and complications.
Continuous Calibration Weigh-in-Motion System Using Static Weight Data
Authors: Pratt Douglas , Choi Younhee , Plemel Martin , Papagiannakis A. T.
Published: June 2022

This paper presents an advanced approach for continuously calibrating weigh-in-motion (WIM) sorting systems using the static scale data generated by downstream truck inspection stations. It presents an automated closed-loop algorithm developed to accurately match vehicles at the two locations and use the data at the static weigh scale as the WIM calibration reference through a feedback algorithm. Calibration is carried out automatically by minimizing the error between WIM and static gross vehicle weight (GVW) measurements by vehicle class and speed. The large sample of vehicles involved in these calculations ensures high reliability in the calibration factors and the resulting accuracy in WIM measurements. The proof of concept is provided by analyzing data from eight multi-lane WIM systems in three States. It is demonstrated that the system can maintain indefinitely the accuracy of WIM systems in measuring GVW and axle loads without the need for periodic on-site calibrations involving test trucks.