bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards the development of machine learning models to predict protein-protein interaction modulators
Authors: Díaz-Eufracio Bárbara I. , Medina-Franco José L.
Published: May 2022

Protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors have a continued and increasing role in drug discovery. It is hypothesized that machine learning (ML) algorithms are able to classify or identify PPI inhibitors. In this work, we describe the performance of different algorithms broadly used in chemoinformatics to develop a classification model able to identify PPI inhibitors based on structural and physicochemical descriptors. We found that the classification algorithms have different performance according to different features employed in the training process: random forest (RF) models with the extended connectivity fingerprint radius 4 (ECFP4) had the best classification performance as compared to those models trained with ECFP6 o MACCS keys (166-bits). In general, logistic regression models had lower performance metrics than RF models, but ECFP4 was the representation most appropriate for linear regression. ECFP4 also yielded models with high performance metrics, in particular, with support vector machine (SVM). As part of this work, we constructed ensemble models based on the top-performing models. The pipeline code developed in this work and all results are freely available at https://github.com/BarbaraDiazE/PPI_ML.
Extraction of Chemical Structures from Literature and Patent Documents using Open Access Chemistry Toolkits: A Case Study with PFAS
Authors: Barnabas Shadrack , Böhme Timo , Boyer Stephen , Irmer Matthias , Ruttkies Christoph , Wetherbee Ian , Kondic Todor , Schymanski Emma , Weber Lutz
Published: May 2022

The extraction of chemical information from documents is a demanding task in cheminformatics due to the variety of text and image-based representations of chemistry. The present work describes the extraction of chemical compounds with unique chemical structures from the open access CORE (COnnecting REpositories) and Google Patents full text document repositories. The importance of structure normalization is demonstrated using three open access cheminformatics toolkits: the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK), RDKit and OpenChemLib (OCL). Each toolkit was used for structure parsing, normalization and subsequent substructure searching, using SMILES as structure representations of chemical molecules and International Chemical Identifiers (InChIs) for comparison. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were chosen as a case study to perform the substructure search, due to their high environmental relevance, their presence in both literature and patent corpuses, and the current lack of community consensus on their definition. Three different structural definitions of PFAS were chosen to highlight the implications of various definitions from a cheminformatics perspective. Since CDK, RDKit and OCL implement different criteria and methods for SMILES parsing and normalization, different numbers of parsed compounds were extracted, which were then evaluated using the three PFAS definitions. A comparison of these toolkits and definitions is provided, along with a discussion of the implications for PFAS screening and text mining efforts in cheminformatics. Finally, the extracted PFAS (~1.7 M PFAS from patents and ~27K from CORE) were compared against various existing PFAS lists and are provided in various formats for further community research efforts.
Investigation of the instabilities arising from the hydrogen and hydrocarbon flames propagation by the method of high-speed filming
Authors: Rubtsov Nickolai , Alymov Mikhail , Kalinin Alexander , Vinogradov Alexey , Rodionov Alexey , Troshin Kirill
Published: May 2022

The main objective of this book is to acquaint the reader with the main modern problems of the multisensor data analysis and opportunities of the hyperspectral shooting being carried out in the wide range of wavelengths from ultraviolet to the infrared range, visualization of the fast combustion processes of flame propagation and flame acceleration, the limit phenomena at flame ignition and propagation. The book can be useful to students of the high courses and scientists dealing with problems of optical spectroscopy, vizualisation, digital recognizing images and gaseous combustion. The main goal of this book is to bring to the attention of the reader the main modern problems of multisensory data analysis and the possibilities of hyperspectral imaging, carried out in a broad wave-length range from ultraviolet to infrared by methods of visualizing fast combustion processes, propagation and flames acceleration, and limiting phenomena during ignition and flame propagation. The book can be useful for students of higher courses and experimental scientists dealing with problems of optical spectroscopy, visualization, pattern recognition and gas combustion.
Remote studies of combustion and explosion processes based on optoelectronic methods
Authors: Rubtsov Nickolai , Alymov Mikhail , Kalinin Alexander , Vinogradov Alexey , Rodionov Alexey , Troshin Kirill
Published: May 2022

The main objective of this book is to acquaint the reader with the main modern problems of the multisensor data analysis and opportunities of the hyperspectral shooting being carried out in the wide range of wavelengths from ultraviolet to the infrared range, visualization of the fast combustion processes of flame propagation and flame acceleration, the limit phenomena at flame ignition and propagation. The book can be useful to students of the high courses and scientists dealing with problems of optical spectroscopy, vizualisation, digital recognizing images and gaseous combustion. The main goal of this book is to bring to the attention of the reader the main modern problems of multisensory data analysis and the possibilities of hyperspectral imaging, carried out in a broad wave-length range from ultraviolet to infrared by methods of visualizing fast combustion processes, propagation and flames acceleration, and limiting phenomena during ignition and flame propagation. The book can be useful for students of higher courses and experimental scientists dealing with problems of optical spectroscopy, visualization, pattern recognition and gas combustion.
A new Natural Environment Act is Needed - Now
Authors: Palmer Geoffrey , Clarke Richard
Published: May 2022

This article advocates a new mindset to protect the natural environment following repeal of the Resource Management Act (RMA). The proposed new legislation will be insufficient to protect the natural environment, which has deteriorated during the life of the RMA and now requires urgent action. A new Natural Environment Act is needed that focuses on the natural environment and embraces principles that governmental decision makers are obliged to follow. Limits must be laid down. The principles must be simple and clear and based on the many international law instruments negotiated since the Stockholm Declaration in 1972. New systems of monitoring and enforcement must be devised, with a new environmental watchdog with substantial powers.
Integrating Economic and Environmental Policy
Authors: Petrie Murray
Published: May 2022

Integrating environmental policies into economic policy making is vital for environmental sustainability. This article explores three keyintegration mechanisms: enhanced national state of the environment reporting, expanded environmental target setting, and mainstreaming the environment in fiscal policy and the annual budget cycle. The article discusses environmental reporting, resource management and wellbeing budgeting in New Zealand, including recent reviews and proposed reforms. It outlines the rapidly developing international practices in green budgeting. Entry points are identified for operationalising the current wellbeing budgeting framework by progressively exposing environmentally harmful fiscal policies, highlighting win–win tax and expenditure policies that are good for both the environment and the economy, and exposing trade-offs for more transparent deliberation.
Adapting to Avoidable and Unavoidable Climate Change: What must Aotearoa New Zealand do?
Authors: Lawrence Judy , Wreford Anita , Allan Sylvia
Published: May 2022

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report Climate Change 2022: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability gives a stark warning of the urgency to adapt to avoidable and unavoidable climate change impacts and to transition to a more climate-resilient future. Aotearoa New Zealand has made some progress in setting up the institutional and planning frameworks for adaptation, but implementation is slow. Delay will increase the adverse consequences for humans and ecosystems, widen the adaptation gap, and increase the cost and damage burden to current and future generations, and those least able to adjust. Taking proactive actions today to avoid further exposure will enable a fairer and more robust and effective path for adaptation. Here we develop a report card for Aotearoa New Zealand’s adaptation effort and recommend what we must do next.
Treatment of Melanoma: Current Status and Prospects
Authors: Ye Zhiyou
Published: May 2022

Melanoma is a tumor caused by the deterioration of melanocytes. Both genetic factors and environmental factors contribute to the occurrence of the disease. Melanoma accounts for about 1% to 3% of all malignant tumors, and its prevalence is increasing year by year at the rate of 3% to 5%. With the exception of early surgical resection, there is a lack of specific treatment for patients with melanoma, and many of them have poor prognosis. Treatment strategies for advanced melanoma have been developing rapidly in recent years. Many new therapeutic drugs have emerged and are being tested in recent years. This review focuses on the current development of melanoma treatment (specifically, gene targeted therapy and immunotherapy) and discusses future treatment possibilities.
COMPONENT MODEL OF THE CLOUD-ORIENTED LEARNING ENVIRONMENT OF A MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Ivankova Natalia
Published: May 2022

The rapid development of innovative methods of learning, which are based on the widespread usage of information and communication technologies, forms the conditions for the transformation of the system of higher medical education. The emergence of cloud services in the IT services market has opened up new opportunities for the development of higher education institutions' (HEI) infrastructure. The quarantine crisis has made medical university faculty to begin restructuring the infrastructure of higher education institution in the direction of implementing the latest technologies of learning. During the COVID-19 quarantine period, medical universities started using Microsoft and Google cloud services extensively to provide distance learning to medical and pharmacy students. At the stage of adapting these services to the organization of the learning process, the problem was that there were no developed models of cloud-oriented learning environments for medical HEIs, which take into account the specifics of teaching subjects at medical faculties. In developing the component model, we applied methods of system analysis and approaches to describing the departments of the university from the perspective of an invariant model of the organizational system. This model allows scaling the technology of forming a hybrid cloud-oriented environment to all departments of the university. The component model of cloud-oriented educational environment was based on the model of the pedagogical system, which consists of the target, teaching, methodological, student, content and technological components. During the analysis of organization of medical education system of the university by method of stratification four main system levels were identified: І- strategic planning and organization of studies at the university; ІI- tactical planning and organization of medical education according to specialties; ІІI- planning and organization of educational process for students at 62 departments of the university; IV - modeling of partner interaction in the process of study on the basis of subject-subject relations of the teacher, technical staff of university departments and the student. The pedagogical system model was integrated with the hierarchical structural model of the medical university departments. Implementation of the developed model, in the shortest possible time, made it possible to optimally build the projection of the ground structure by means of MSO365 cloud services to the virtual cloud-oriented learning environment of the medical university and provide distance learning. The developed structure was implemented in the educational process of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University (ZSMU) during the period of COVID – 19 quarantine. The gained experimental experience in the organization of distance learning was used as the basis for the ZSMU mixed form of studying.
Rational vs. Behavioural approach to DPRK's sanctions problem
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Korgun I , Zakharova L ,   Institute of China and Modern Asia RAS
Published: May 2022

This research presents an overview of sanctions against the DPRK, analyses their economic effects, discusses why sanctions against North Korea did not achieve its intended goal, and how behavioural science can contribute to our understanding of North Korea's response to sanctions. Effectively, this study shows the necessity of a different approach in dealing with the DPRK rather than firmly adhering to sanctions. This study has several implications. First, it identifies the limitations of sanctions. Second, the findings suggest that a change in attitude towards North Korea and other instruments beyond sanctions needs to be employed. Third, the indings can contribute to the design of negotiation strategies for dealing with the DPRK.
Дослідження рівня мотиваційно-ціннісного ставлення курсантів до фізичного вдосконалення на початку навчання у військовій академії
Authors: Anokhin Yevhen , Bobko Yurii , Matveiko Oksana , Pylepchak Ivan , Lototskyi Ihor , Kuznetsov Maksim
Published: May 2022

Актуальність. Бойова діяльність (БД) військовослужбовців відноситься до дуже важких видів професійної діяльності (ПД), яка вимагає від них значних м’язових зусиль, прояву на високому рівні відповідних фізичних якостей, рухових навичок; підвищеної активності значної кількості різноманітних органів і систем; залучення до роботи великої кількості морфофункціональних і психічних структур організму людини. Це супроводжуєть- ся витратою такої кількості енергії, якої не здатні продукувати механізми енергозабезпечення організму більшості військовослужбовців, що призводить до швидкої втрати працездатності. Підвищення рухових спро- можностей і розширення функціональних резервів організму офіцерів до рівня, що вимагає БД, відбувається під час їх навчання в академії. А його підтримання є актуальним продовж всієї професійної кар’єри офіцера. Однак, одразу після випуску з академії фізична активність більшості офіцерів знижується, а разом з нею й їх фізична підготовленість.

Враховуючи, що фізична підготовленість є фундаментом для всіх інших компонентів боєздатності військовослужбовців, актуальним є пошук шляхів забезпечення належного рівня ефективності фізичного вдоскона- лення офіцерів продовж всієї їх служби. Мета роботи – визначення рівня мотиваційно-ціннісного ставлення курсантів до фізичного вдосконалення на початку їх військової служби як умови і передумови доцільних систематичних занять ними фізичними вправами. Методи – аналіз та узагальнення наукових праць, опитуван- ня. Результати. Встановлено, що в структурі мотивації до фізкультурно-спортивної діяльності (ФСД) значної кількості курсантів на момент їх вступу до академії переважають гедоністичні мотиви, а метою їх занять спортом є розвага. Виявлено, що 60,2 % курсантів на початку навчання в академії мають низький рівень мотиваційно-ціннісного ставлення до фізичного вдосконалення, якій характеризується неадекватністю оцінки своєї фізичної підготовленості, відсутністю бажання виявляти зусилля при виконанні рухової активності, що не дозволяє розраховувати на високу результативність фізичного вдосконалення. Висновки. Для підвищення ефективності фізичної підготовки офіцерів у військах потребує посилення формування в них мотиваційно- ціннісного ставлення до фізичного вдосконалення під час навчання в академії.
Peculiarities of Interaction Between Trampoline and Trampolinist – as a Complex Biomechanical System in the Aspect of Physical Forces and Biomechanics of the Athlete
Authors: Pymonenko Mariia , Kostiuchenko Olha
Published: May 2022

Aims. The purpose of this work is a detailed and detailed consideration of forces acting in the system «trampoline- trampolinist» from the point of view of the laws of classical physics. Concretely – the movement of the body of the athlete in space, mechanics of «work» of trampoline and system «trampoline trampolinist», as well as some aspects of the biomechanics of movements of the trampolinist when leaving the bed of the trampoline, coming to it and being out of contact with it. Study design. This work is an independent scientific research review with an analysis of question- naire data on the problematic issue. Methodology: the study was based on the application of a number of theoretical and empirical methods. The study uses theoretical analysis, systematization, and generalization of scientific literature, documentary sources, and guidelines in the field of physical education, biomechanics of movements of the trampolinist, a compilation of literature sources to identify the essence of the problem forces and interaction of the athlete with the trampoline and identify ways to solve. Results. In the article theoretical aspects of processes occurring in the interaction of trampoline as a mechanical system and trampolinist as a biomechanical system are considered. In connection with the increased requirements for the performance of athletes on trampolines since 2017 and the new rules of evaluation of performance in trampolining, the basic forces acting in the system «trampoline – trampolinist» are considered in detail. By calculation according to anthropometric and physical data of trampolinists and data of the analysis of their movements in the process of jumping by means of the special computer program «Kinovea» quantitative characteristics of forces acting in the «trampoline-trampolinist» system at different stages of their interaction in the process of their training or competitive programs were determined. A clear correlation of essential increase of these forces in proportion to the age of the sportsman, growth of his sports skill, and mass of his body is shown. The program allowed tracking the dynamics of athletes’ in-flight movements in slow motion and determining the angles of their body parts’ positions. A theoretical analysis of the main reasons that lead to violations in the combined operation of the trampoline as a mechanical system and the trampolinist as a biomechanical object was carried out. The consequences of these violations are shown and the ways of correcting these phenomena to increase the level of sportsmanship of trampolinists and increase their performance grades are proposed. Conclusion. When teaching trampoline athletes in the early stages and especially at the stage of specialized basic training, the authors point out that it is important to explain them and achieve a proper understanding of the physical forces and their real values acting on athletes in different phases of flight.
THE EFFECT OF EXPORT AND IMPORT ON INFLATION IN INDONESIA PERIOD 1990-2016
Authors: Ulfa Nurul , Abbas Tarmizi
Published: May 2022

This research conducted to determine the effect of effect of exports and imports on inflation in Indonesia in the period 1990-2016. The data used in this study are time series in the periode 1990-2016 obtained from the BPS Indonesia and Bank Indonesia. Data are then analyzed by using multiple linear regression. The results showed that exports did not affect inflation. Imports have a significant and positive effect on inflation in Indonesia in the period 1990-2016.
PENGARUH TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN, TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI TERHADAP TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2012-2017
Authors: Pahlawan Putri Yaumul , Ratna Ratna
Published: May 2022

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengangguran dan pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia periode 2012-2017. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitin ini adalah data sekunder dengan cross section  berjumlah 33 provinsi dan data time series dengan periode waktu 2012-2017. Metode analisis data menggunakan regresi data panel dengan bantuan E-Views 10. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel tingkat pendidikan berpengaruh secara signifikan dan negatif terhadap variabel tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia, variabel tingkat pengangguran berpengaruh secara posistif namun tidak signifikan terhadap variabel tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia dan variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi berpengaruh secara negatif namun tidak signifikan terhadap variabel tingkat kemiskinan di Imdonesia. Namun secara bersama-sama variabel tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengangguran dan pertumbuhan ekonomi berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia dan besarnya pengaruh adalah sebesar 0,2365 (23,65%), sedangkan yang dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak dimasukkan kedalam model penelitian ini adalah  sebesar 76,35%. Kata Kunci: Tingkat Pendidikan, Tingkat Pengangguran, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Tingkat Kemiskinan.
EFFECTS OF INCOME, EDUCATION AND NUMBER OF FAMILY MEMBERS TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILD WORKER IN BIREUEN DISTRICT
Authors: Hikmah Cut Nurul , Juliansyah Hijri
Published: May 2022

This study aims to analyze of effect of income, education and the number of family members on the development of child labour in Bireuen Regency. The data in this study are obtained by distributing questionnaires to 69 respondents who are child workers in Bireuen Regency. The sampling technique used is Random Sampling and the data are analyzed by using Multiple linear regression. The results of the study indicated that the Head of household income and education have a significant and negative effect on the development child workers in Bireuen Regency, The number of family members has a positive and significant effect. Simultaneously,  the income and education of the Head of household and the number of family members significantly affect the development of child workers in Bireuen Regency.
The Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity Model Application on Inflation and Consumers Price Index in Aceh
Authors: Hasnanda Sri , Ratna Ratna
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to analyze the application of Generalized Autoregression Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) on inflation and consumer price index in Aceh Province. The data used in this study is secondary data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Aceh Province with a period of 2013-2018 on a monthly basis. The data analysis method used is the ARIMA for mean model GARCH for variance models. The results of this study indicate that the Mean Model for Inflation uses the AR (1) and MA (1) components, while the Mean Model for consumer price index is AR (1). Meanwhile, the Variance Model with GARCH estimates for inflation and consumer price index data has insignificant RESID^2 (1) and GARCH (1).Keywords: Inflation, CPI and Generalized Autoregression Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH)
ANALYSIS OF GENERAL ALLOCATION FUND EFFICIENCY AND REGIONAL ORIGINAL INCOME ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF CITY GOVERNMENTS IN PROVINCE ACEH
Authors: Sari Malinda , Ichsan Ichsan
Published: May 2022

This study aims to analyze the efficiency of general allocation funds (DAU) and local own-source revenues (PAD) on the financial performance of city governments in Aceh Province. The data used in this study is panel data, which includes input variables of general allocation funds, regional original income and output variables of financial performance in 2015-2018. The method used in this research is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) using DEAP software version 2.1. The analysis shows that in 2015 there were 4 cities that experienced efficient, namely Banda Aceh City, Sabang City, Langsa City and Subulussalam City, in 2016 there were 4 cities that showed efficient, namely Banda Aceh City, Sabang City, Langsa City and Kota Subulussalam, In 2017, the number of cities that showed efficient was 4 cities, namely Banda Aceh City, Langsa City, Lhokseumawe City and Subulusalam City, while in 2018, there were 5 cities that showed efficient, namely Banda Aceh City, Sabang City, Langsa City, Lhokseumawe City and Subulussalam City. To improve its financial performance, the city governments in Aceh Province, especially those whose financial performance has not reached the level of efficiency should make a draft budget in accordance with regionalKeywords: public Financial Performance, Local Revenue, General Allocation Funds, Data Envelopment Analysis
THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND POVERTY ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Safrita Safrita , Abbas Tarmizi , Yurina Yurina
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the impact of economic growth and poverty on income inequality in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data in the form of time series data from Indonesia's Central Bureau of Statistics. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression methods using Eviews 9. Partial test results show that economic growth has a positive and significant impact on income inequality in Indonesia, and poverty has a negative and significant impact on income inequality. in Indonesia. At the same time, economic growth and poverty are positively affecting income inequality in Indonesia.
Long-Run Relationship Of Exports, Imports, Inflation And Exchange Rates In Indonesia
Authors: Firdaus Gusti , Yurina Yurina , Abbas Tarmizi
Published: May 2022

This study aims to the determine the short-run and long-run relationships of exports, imports, and inflation to the exchange rate. This study uses time-series data from 1988 to 2019. The Study employes Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The results showed that in the short run, the exports positive and significantly influence the exchange rate. Imports negative and significantly influence the exchange rate, and inflation positive and significantly influences the exchange rate. Where as in the long run, exports positive and significantly influence the exchange rate. Imports negative and significantly influence the exchange rate, and the inflation positive but insignificantly influences the exchange rate.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE NUMBER OF FOREIGN TOURISTS AND FOREIGN DEBT TO FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Murni Anggia , Usman Umaruddin , Abubakar Jariah , Rahmah Mutia
Published: May 2022

This study examines the effect of the number of foreign tourists and foreign debt on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from 2005 to 2019. Data are analyzed by using multiple linear regression (Ordinary Least Squares). The result showed that the foreign tourists and foreign debt do not influence foreign exchange reserves. Simultaneously, the number of foreign tourists and foreign debt affected the foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.839184, which indicates that the influence of the number of foreign tourists and foreign debt on foreign exchange reserves was 0.839184 or 83.91%, and the remaining 16.09% was influenced by other variables outside of this study.
El derecho fundamental y la autonomía profesional
Authors: Burgos-Alarcón César Augusto
Published: May 2022

En las audiencias, foros y análisis que antecedieron la propuesta fallida de reforma a la salud que no alcanzó a tramitarse en las comisiones respectivas del Congreso, brilló por su ausencia o solo cita marginal la ley estatutaria de la salud (LES), un logro de la sociedad civil cuya dimensión y alcance muchos médicos desconocen, otros actores apenas mencionan y hasta ignoran deliberadamente por distintos motivos.
Surface Roughness Reduction in A Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Process using Central Composite Design Method
Authors: Kandananond Karin
Published: May 2022

The objective of this study is to optimize the fabrication factors of a consumer-grade fused filament fabrication (FFF) system. The input factors were nozzle temperature, bed temperature, printing speed, and layer thickness. The optimization aims to minimize average surface roughness (Ra) indicating the surface quality of benchmarks. In this study, Ra was measured at two positions, the bottom and top surface of benchmarks. For the fabrication, the material used was the Polylactic acid (PLA) filament. A response surface method (RSM), central composite design (CCD), was utilized to carry out the optimization. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was calculated to explore the significant factors, interactions, quadratic effect, and lack of fit, while the regression analysis was performed to determine the prediction equation of Ra. The model adequacy checking was conducted to check whether the residual assumption still held. The total number of thirty benchmarks was fabricated and measured using a surface roughness tester. For the bottom surface, the analysis results indicated that there was the main effect from only one factor, printing speed. However, for the top surface, the ANOVA signified an interaction between the printing speed and layer thickness. The optimal setting of these factors was also recommended, while the empirical models of Ra at both surface positions were also presented. Finally, an extra benchmark was fabricated to validate the empirical model.
The Effect of Formal and Informal Regulations on Industrial Effluents and Firm Compliance Behavior in Malaysia
Authors: Nawawi Mohd Nasir bin , Samsudin Hazman bin , Saputra Jumadil , Szczepańska-Woszczyna Katarzyna , Kot Sebastian
Published: May 2022

The rapid development of the manufacturing sector has been causing industrial effluents pollution. The practice of environmental regulation in the emerging economy focused on the externalities impact of industrialization. In conjunction with the issue, this study examines the effect of formal and informal regulation on the industrial effluent act and the firm compliance behavior in Malaysia. This quantitative study uses a survey questionnaire (structured) and involved 42 factories of three industries, namely food and beverages, textiles, and paper in Penang, Kedah, and Perlis. The data were analyzed using non-parametric tests: The Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman’s Rho. This study uses the firm behavior theory as the framework, and our non-parametric analyses showed that the traditional enforcement and fined probability could significantly affect compliance levels. We also find the market, consumer, competitor, and investor pressure positively influence firm compliance. The empirical results suggest effective enforcement of environmental regulation and the role of non-regulation must be empowered as a support mechanism for pollution control.
A School for Vernacular Algorithms: Knowledge Transfer as a System and Aesthetic Algorithmic Encounter
Authors: Bristow Tegan
Published: May 2022

Bristow poses questions to technological futures through the lens of African cultural knowledge and pre-colonial knowledge systems from a Southern African standpoint. An exploration of practices that run from a reflection through decolonising methodologies as a cultural response to technology and neo-liberalism, to the significant contributions of the insurrectionary and vernacular as knowledge forms. Unpacked in light of the work titled School for Vernacular Algorithms, Bristow explores Indigenous knowledge transfer and the complex structures of intergenerational and technological knowledge as a system made visible through IsiZulu beadwork. In this, Bristow engages communal or egalitarian knowledge systems as an aesthetic algorithmic encounter that questions the origins and futures of contemporary computing and algorithmic thinking.
Von der Redekur zur Krankheit des Schweigens
Authors: Burka Jane , Sowa Angela , Baer Barbara A. , Brandes Charles E. , Gallup Josie , Karp-Lewis Sharon , Leavitt Julie , Rosbrow Patricia
Published: May 2022

Der Artikel stellt eine Studie über die Bemühungen eines Instituts vor, die Folgen der Ethikverstöße aufzuarbeiten, derer sich zwei leitende Mitglieder schuldig gemacht hatten. Eine qualitative Datenanalyse auf der Grundlage freiwilliger Mitgliederinterviews verdeutlicht, dass der Schaden das gesamte Institut betraf und auch, dass der Missbrauch eines Einzelnen ein Missbrauch vieler ist. Alle Mitglieder, ganz gleich, welcher Ebene sie angehörten, berichteten, sich in ihrem emotionalen Gleichgewicht, in ihrem Denken sowie ihren sozialen und professionellen Beziehungen beeinträchtigt gefühlt zu haben. Die Interviewdaten wurden den Institutsangehörigen in Großund Kleingruppensitzungen vorgestellt, um der »Krankheit des Schweigens« entgegenzuwirken und den Mitgliedern Gelegenheit zu geben, sich auszutauschen. Externe Beratungen erleichterten diesen emotional sehr belastenden Prozess.
ANALYSIS OF THE DEFINITION OF CITY BRAND FORMATION
Authors:   Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, Trunina Iryna , Usanova Olga ,   Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, Chumakova Anna ,   Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University
Published: May 2022

Purpose. The article considers and analyzes the main definitions of the concept of «City brand». The main reasons that explain the need to create a city brand are given, among which the main ones are: increased competition, urbanization of cities, development of Tourism, self-government and local financing. The relationship between the city's brand and its identity is analyzed. The main parameters that measure the strength and weakness of the city's identity and the level of local identity to one degree or another are presented. Methodology. It is determined that despite a significant number of scientific developments, questions about the theoretical content of the definition of «City brand» and the formation of components of the city brand remain debatable. For a more detailed analysis, the city of Kremenchuk was taken. This city has a strong industrial and economic potential, which is characterized by a high level of development of heavy industry and a variety of industries, industries and activities. Industry plays an important role in the development of the city of Kremenchuk. The leading industries of the city are: oil refining and chemical, mining, Mechanical Engineering, Food and light. Results. In the course of the research, the concept of the city brand was considered. The study revealed what an important role it plays in our lives. The differences between the brand and the city's identity were considered. Originality. The functions of the brand and the goals of its promotion are investigated. It is established that the formation of an optimal organization for the development of marketing Territories allows you to create a positive image of the territory, ensure its attractiveness (investment and tourism); more efficiently use its internal potential due to trust in the authorities as the main carrier of a positive image of the territory; develop and implement a consistent marketing strategy for the socio-economic development of the territory. Practical value. The prospects for further research are to assess the economic potential for forming the territory's brand (using the example of the city of Kremenchuk). The main tasks and activities that are being implemented in the city of Kremenchuk, and which can be effective on the way to creating a high-quality and effective delirium of Kremenchuk, are analyzed.
Plant-based Food in the Hospitality Industry: An Exploratory Case Study of Leading Fast Food Outlets
Authors: Jones Peter
Published: May 2022

Plant-based food is one of the growing sectors within the food industry, and fast food companies may have an important role to play in driving both the trialling, and the consumption, of plant-based foods. This exploratory paper outlines the growth of plant-based foods, explores how the leading fast food companies are incorporating plant-based foods into their menus, and offers some wider reflections on the fast food companies’ approach to plant-based food. The findings reveal that the leading fast food companies within the UK were promoting their plant-based menu items at both the corporate and outlet level. That said, the fast food companies made little, or no, attempt to associate the introduction of plant-based menu items with a healthier diet, and the author suggested that substantially increasing their plant-based menus could provide a challenge to the fast food companies’ traditional business models. More generally, the paper concluded that in the medium-term future, the fast food companies are likely to play a limited, rather than a leading, role in driving plant-based consumption across society, and in contributing to a more sustainable future. Keywords: plant-based foods, fast food companies, menus, healthy diets, sustainable futures
ANALYSIS OF CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT CONTAMINATION WITH MICROSCOPIC FUNGI AFTER VISIT IN CAVES KINDERLINSKAYA AND SHULGAN-TASH
Authors:   Ufa Institute of Biology of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Galimzyanova N.F. , Ryabova A.S. ,   Ufa Institute of Biology of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kuzmina L.Y. ,   Ufa Institute of Biology of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

Caves are extreme ecosystems whose microbiomes are very sensitive to invasion by extraneous microbial species. The entry of such organisms from one cave into another can occur due to anthropogenic transfer, which makes it possible to bypass natural barriers. The article presents materials on the analysis of microscopic fungi contamination of clothing and equipment after working in caves. It is shown that after visiting the cave Kinderlinskaya and Shulgan-Tash, a significant number of micromycete species settle on clothes and equipment. Twenty-one species of microscopic fungi were found, as well as yeast, light and dark-colored sterile forms. The isolated species correspond to the typical species composition of fungi in a particular cave. Gloves turned out to be the most contaminated. Washing made it possible to significantly reduce the number and species richness of micromycetes on clothes. Thus, following simple rules can significantly reduce the risk of anthropogenic transfer of microorganisms between caves.
ЕПІЗООТИЧНА СИТУАЦІЯ ЩОДО МАСТИТУ ВЕЛИКОЇ РОГАТОЇ ХУДОБИ В УМОВАХ ГОСПОДАРСТВ ТОВ ФІРМА «АСТАРТА-КИЇВ»
Authors: Нестерук В. С. , Нагорна Л. В.
Published: May 2022

Незважаючи на багаторічну розробку та удосконалення схем лікування маститу у корів, дана патологія не втрачає актуальності в умовах скотарських господарствах різних виробничих потужностей. На динаміку перебігу маститу суттєвий вплив має резистентність організму, своєчасність діагностики та подальшого лікування. Метою нашої роботи було встановити поширення клінічно виражених форм маститів у корів, які утримуються в умовах скотарських господарств Полтавської, Житомирської, Тернопільської та Вінницької областей, які входять в структуру ТОВ фірма «Астарта-Київ». Для досягнення мети було проаналізовано журнали звітно-облікової документації господарств; досліджено відсоток захворюваності корів на клінічні форми маститу в порівняльному аспекті з іншими нозологічними одиницями, які реєструються в корів; встановлено залежність рівня захворюваності від регіонального розташування господарств. За результатами проведених досліджень встановлено, що впродовж 2019–2021 рр. частота прояву клінічних форм маститів серед поголів’я корів на різних стадіях лактації становила в середньому 25,92 %. Кількість корів у яких було діагностовано клінічні форми маститів, починаючи з 2019 р. мала чітку тенденцію до зростання і становила 22,57 %, 25,82 % та 29,82 %, відповідно у 2019, 2020 та 2021 роках. Встановлено, що в господарствах північно-західних областей (Житомирській, Тернопільській та Вінницькій) частота виявлення клінічних форм маститів у лактуючих корів була вищою, ніж в господарсивах Полтавської області і становила 30,66 %. В наступні досліджувані роки (2020–2021 рр.), тенденція щодо зниження кількості лактуючих тварин в скотарських господарствах даних областей зберігалася. Також реєстрували перевищення частоти випадків діагностики клінічних форм маститів у лактуючих тварин. В господарствах північно-західних областей впродовж 2020–2021 рр. ці показники становили 38,75 та 35,91 %, в той час як в господарствах Полтавської області вони склали 18,51 та 24,54 % відповідно за аналогічний досліджуваний період.
Tại sao biến thể Delta của virus SARS-CoV-2 lại lan nhanh?
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: May 2022

SSHPA (27-07-2021) — Một nghiên cứu mới thực hiện tại Trung Quốc cho thấy những người nhiễm biến thể Delta có tải lượng virus cao gấp khoảng 1000 lần so với những người nhiễm loại SARS-CoV-2 gốc.
Probióticos para el tratamiento de la Colitis Ulcerosa y la Enfermedad de Crohn
Authors: Aliaga Alonso Castro , Delgado-Diaz David Jose
Published: May 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic disease that affects the gastrointestinal tract and which incidence is on the rise in Latin America. Although the aetiology of the disease has not yet been fully elucidated, it is known that this disease is associated with imbalances in the intestinal microbiota, among other factors. Due to the potential of probiotics to modulate the intestinal microbiota, the effect of probiotics in the treatment of this condition has been studied. Here, we describe the types of inflammatory bowel diseases and their relationship with the gut microbiota composition. Likewise, we analysed clinical studies focused on the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with various types of probiotics and determined that these studies lack sufficient clinical evidence to approve and recommend their use in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. Studies of higher quality and statistical power should be prioritized to clarify the benefit of probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease.
Perkembangan Pemilu threshold pada Pilpres 2019
Authors: Pratama Arjuno Widya
Published: May 2022

Perkembangan pemilihan umum dalam konsep demokrasi Indonesia membawa threshold pada setiap sistem bentuk pemilihan umum. Parliementary Threshold sebagai bentuk ambang batas partai untuk menduduki kursi parlemen pusat, hingga Presidential Threshold sebagai ambang batas suara partai untuk mengusung calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden dalam Pemilihan Umum. Pada tahun 2019, untuk pertama kalinya dalam sejarah, Indonesia akan melaksanakan pemilu secara serentak untuk memilih anggota legislatif sekaligus pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden secara bersamaan pada 17 April 2019. Dampak hukum yang paling dirasakan adanya aturan Presidential Threshold adalah orang-orang yang berkepentingan pada pemilu serentak tahun 2019. Hak partai politik menjadi terciderai karena aturan tersebut. Meskipun Mahkamah Konstitusi menyatakan bahwa aturan Presidential Threshold yang terdapat didalam UU No. 7 tahun 2107 tidak bertentangan dengan UUD 1945 dan dinyatakan sah, namun sebenarnya aturan tersebut masih cacat konsep dan tidak ada acuan yang jelas sebagai ambang batas karena menggunakan hasil pileg sebelumnya.
Menumbuhkan Jiwa Kewirausahan Terhadap Mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan IPS Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
Authors: ananda sari
Published: May 2022

Artikel terkait untuk meningkatkan dan melatih jiwa kewirausahaan terhadap mahasiswa Pendidikan IPS Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
HOSPITALITAS ETIKA KRISTEN DALAM PEMIMPIN.
Authors: Patunduk Yemima Y.L
Published: May 2022

Tulisan ini memperlihatkan bahwa pengaruh seorang pemimpin kepada setiap anggota bawahannya dalam memotivasi, membimbing dan berfikir dalam membawa perubahan, dalam suatu organisasi atau perusahaan agar membuat kerja nyata yang baik, yang berkaitan erat dengan etika kristen dengan dasar Firman Tuhan.Dengan adanya etika kristen dalam diri seorang pemimpin maka akan mampu menjadi pemimpin yang berkualitas dalam jabatan maupun dalam mempengaruhi orang lain, dan memberi cerminan sebagai orang Kristen dalam kepemimpinannya
The Russia-Ukraine War and the Hidden Agenda of the United States
Authors: Slimia Awad , Othman Mohammad Fuad
Published: May 2022

During the Biden Presidency, NATO exhibited in stark form two trends that have long portrayed its policies: open-door policies towards the East, and subordination to the American administration. Despite signs of American indifference towards the alliance during Trump's term, however, Biden decided to reverse Trump's policy and return to reviving this alliance, indeed, NATO remains important to the Biden administration, as long as the alliance is committed to implementing American interests, in other words, it values in so far as its conformity with the US foreign policy targets. Within NATO's open-door policies, Including the joining of Ukraine to the alliance, the long-festering skirmishes in the Donbas region Eastern of Ukraine had been unresolved for eight years. by January 2022, these were by no means small problems. But they were more readily manageable than the 24 February developments, given the U.S rejects to discuss the Russian security demands. In essence, it seems the U.S seeks to leave a lasting state of confrontation between Russia and Ukraine, regardless of the high costs on the Ukrainian people, as well as pressure on European partners in NATO to cut or reduce any relationship with the Russian federation. However, this paper argues that the US has huge interests in the Russia-Ukraine crisis, therefore, Washington plays a pivotal role through push the continuation of the war in Ukraine on many tracks.
Screening Pediatric Patients for Reading difficulties Test: Draft (SPRouT-D)
Authors: Tridas Eric Q , Petscher Yaacov , Stanley Christopher , Sanfilippo Joseph , Gaab Nadine
Published: May 2022

The Screening Pediatric Patients for Reading difficulties Test: Draft (SPRouT-D) is a brief checklist that takes two-to-three minutes to administer and is designed to assess early markers of reading disabilities/dyslexia in children from pre-K to second grade. It is important to note that this tool is not yet a scientifically validated screening instrument (nor is it a diagnostic instrument), but it is an evidence-based checklist designed in the interest of practical rigor for clinicians. The goal of the checklist is to provide a formative assessment that will identify children at risk for these challenges who require further investigation in the context of a busy pediatric practice. The SPRouT-D consists of two sections: a history and brief assessment. There are five different forms of the assessment based on a child’s educational experience (from no early childhood educational experience to the second grade). The first section of the instrument is the history, which focuses on risk factors such as family history, developmental language delay and phonemic awareness challenges. The second section, which is a brief clinical assessment, consists of five-to-eight items (depending on the child’s educational experience) that briefly evaluate literacy precursors, including phonemic awareness (rhyming, letter identification, phoneme matching, sound/symbol association, sound/syllable deletion, phoneme blending, nonsense word decoding) and working memory. The SPRouT-D is not a validated instrument, and normative scores are not yet available. Our goal with this first version of the tool was to optimize the instrument’s sensitivity with conservative thresholds for follow-up and referral as indicated in the preliminary scoring tables. We are sharing this draft version of the SPRouT-D and invite researchers and clinicians to review it, use it, and provide comments on it. Further development of the tool will involve validation and the authors are seeking clinical partners for this next step. For this phase we encourage researchers to share normative data with us. Once these findings are available, they will be incorporated and shared with the research and clinical communities.