bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rational Design of Prevascularized Large 3D Tissue Constructs Using Computational Simulations and Biofabrication of Geometrically Controlled Microvessels
Authors: Arrigoni Chiara , Bongio Matilde , Talò Giuseppe , Bersini Simone , Enomoto Junko , Fukuda Junji , Moretti Matteo
Published: May 2016

A major challenge in the development of clinically relevant 3D tissue constructs is the formation of vascular networks for oxygenation, nutrient supply, and waste removal. To this end, this study implements a multimodal approach for the promotion of vessel‐like structures formation in stiff fibrin hydrogels. Computational simulations have been performed to identify the easiest microchanneled configuration assuring normoxic conditions throughout thick cylindrical hydrogels (8 mm height, 6 mm ∅), showing that in our configuration a minimum of three microchannels (600 μm ∅), placed in a non‐planar disposition, is required. Using small hydrogel bricks with oxygen distribution equal to the microchanneled configuration, this study demonstrates that among different culture conditions, co‐culture of mesenchymal and endothelial cells supplemented with ANG‐1 and VEGF leads to the most developed vascular network. Microchanneled hydrogels have been then cultured in the same conditions both statically and in a bioreactor for 7 d. Unexpectedly, the combination between shear forces and normoxic conditions is unable to promote microvascular networks formation in three‐channeled hydrogels. Differently, application of either shear forces or normoxic conditions alone results in microvessels outgrowth. These results suggest that to induce angiogenesis in engineered constructs, complex interactions between several biochemical and biophysical parameters have to be modulated.
Design of a Smart Nerve Conduit Based on a Shape‐Memory Polymer
Authors: Chen Cheng , Hu Jinlian , Huang Huahua , Zhu Yong , Qin Tingwu
Published: May 2016

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) may be damaged by traffic accidents and natural disasters. Nerve repair and regeneration are unique clinical challenges for surgeons. A smart nerve conduit (SNC) is designed that can significantly simplify the surgery process and achieve optimal peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR) by automatic gradual lengthening. For this purpose, five macromers with different rac‐lactide to glycolide weight ratios are synthesized and the characteristics of the synthesized networks are studied. Cyclic thermomechanical measurements indicate the robustness of molecular structure for shape‐memory function. Body‐water‐responsive shape‐memory behavior is evaluated by use of angle‐recovery measurements. The shape‐recovery time of the polymer is adjusted by selection of comonomer ratio and the overall gradual‐recovery function of a device can be realized by a suitable combination of different copolymers. Thus a trisegment smart nerve conduit is fabricated from this polymer system by electrospinning and is shown to gradually recover in an in vitro experiment under stimulated physiological conditions, that is, body‐liquid environment (36 °C water). In vitro culture and qualitative immunocytochemistry of Schwann cells are used to assess the biocompatibility of the fabricated SNC.
Phenotypic variability in patients with interstitial 6q21‐q22 microdeletion and Acro–Cardio–Facial syndrome
Authors: Shukla Anju , Hebbar Malavika , Harms Frederike L. , Kadavigere Rajagopal , Girisha Katta M. , Kutsche Kerstin
Published: May 2016

Deletions of 6q are known to be associated with variable clinical phenotypes including facial dysmorphism, hand malformations, heart defects, microcephaly, intellectual disability, epilepsy, and other neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions. Here, we report a 7‐year‐old boy evaluated for facial dysmorphism, trigonocephaly, microcephaly, global developmental delay, and behavioral abnormalities. Molecular karyotyping revealed a 13‐Mb deletion within 6q21‐q22.31, (chr6:105,771,520‐119,130,805; hg19, GRch37) comprising 81 genes. Review of 15 cases with interstitial 6q21‐q22.3 deletion from the literature showed that facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability, and corpus callosum abnormalities are the most consistent clinical features in these individuals. Deleted genes and breakpoints in the 6q21‐q22 region of the patient reported here are similar to two earlier reported cases with the clinical diagnosis of Acro–Cardio–Facial syndrome. However, the present case lacks characteristic clinical findings of Acro–Cardio–Facial syndrome. We discuss, the considerable phenotypic variability seen in individuals with 6q21‐q22 microdeletion and emphasize the need for further scrutiny into the hypothesis of Acro–Cardio–Facial syndrome being a microdeletion syndrome. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
π–π Interactions: Influence on Molecular Packing and Solid‐State Emission of ESIPT and non‐ESIPT Motifs
Authors: Padalkar Vikas S. , Sakamaki Daisuke , Kuwada Kenji , Horio Akifumi , Okamoto Haruka , Tohnai Norimitsu , Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Sakai Ken‐ichi , Seki Shu
Published: May 2016

Novel, triphenylamino benzothiazole‐based excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and non‐ESIPT fluorophores were prepared by Suzuki coupling reactions. Their photophysical properties in solution, aqueous suspension, and in the solid state were systematically investigated. High fluorescence quantum efficiencies (Φsol≈95 %; Φsolid≈88 %), moderate Stokes shifts (≈8000 cm−1), microenvironment‐sensitive and molecular‐framework‐dependent emission are the striking features of the protocol described here. Solid‐state emission was modulated and interpreted as a crossover effect of π–π interactions using single‐crystal X‐ray analyses. The nonplanar/twisted framework of the system helps to avoid noncovalent interactions, facilitating the suppression of fluorescence quenching in the solid state with high quantum efficiency over 88 %.
The stable isotope ecology of Pan in Uganda and beyond
Authors: Loudon James E. , Sandberg Paul A. , Wrangham Richard W. , Fahey Babette , Sponheimer Matt
Published: May 2016

Stable isotope analysis has long been used to study the dietary ecology of living and fossil primates, and there has been increasing interest in using stable isotopes to study primate habitat use and anthropogenic impacts on non‐human primates. Here, we examine the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) from seven communities in Uganda across a continuum of habitat structure (closed to more open) and access to anthropogenic resources (no reliance to heavy reliance). In general, the hair δ13C, but not δ15N, values of these communities vary depending on forest structure and degree of anthropogenic influence. When integrated with previously published hair δ13C and δ15N values for Pan, it is apparent that modern “savanna” and “forest” Pan form discrete clusters in carbon and nitrogen isotope space, although there are exceptions probably relating to microhabitat specialization. The combined dataset also reveals that Pan δ13C values (but not δ15N values) are inversely related to rainfall (r2 = 0.62). We converted Pan hair δ13C values to enamel equivalents and made comparisons to the fossil hominoids Sivapithecus sp., Gigantopithecus blacki, Ardipithecus ramidus, and Australopithecus anamensis. The δ13C values of the fossil hominins Ar. ramidus and Au. anamensis do not cluster with the δ13C values of modern Pan in “forest” habitats, or with fossil hominoids that are believed to have inhabited forests. Am. J. Primatol. 78:1070–1085, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid degradation of contaminated soil with 2‐methylpropane‐2‐thiol by H2O2/KMnO4/NaClO system: process modeling and optimization
Authors: Roohi Pejman , Fatehifar Esmaeil , Alizadeh Reza
Published: May 2016

2‐Methylpropane‐2‐thiol is a hazardous material, and remediation of soil polluted by this contaminant with a fast method is important to study.

In this study, H2O2/KMnO4/NaClO system as a combined system is investigated for 2‐methylpropane‐2‐thiol oxidation because of especial characteristics of each oxidation agent. Central composite design based on response surface methodology was used to obtain appropriate effects of the main factors (initial oxidant concentrations and FeSO4 to soil ratio) and their interactions on the removal efficiency. Pareto analysis show that initial H2O2 concentration, FeSO4 to soil ratio, initial NaClO concentration, and interaction between H2O2 and FeSO4 are the most influential factors on 2‐methylpropane‐2‐thiol removal efficiency (31.82%, 16.85%, 16.24%, and 8.62% respectively). P‐value of lack‐of‐fit (0.621) indicates that suggested model adequately fits the data with high correlation coefficient (R2 = 97.59%). Investigation of optimum condition suggests that interaction of KMnO4 with H2O2 drops the removal efficiency and its concentration has to be as low as possible. The concentration of other studied oxidation agents and Fe2+ ion must be as high as possible in the studied intervals. Verification experiment at optimum condition shows 95.71% for maximum 2‐methylpropane‐2‐thiol removal efficiency that is a good agreement with the predicted value (94.76%). © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable biobased blends from the reactive extrusion of polylactide and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
Authors: Vadori Ryan , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar K.
Published: May 2016

Polymer blends containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with high biobased content (50%) were made by extrusion and injection molding. Two additives, one acrylic copolymer and one chain extender were used separately and in combination to increase mechanical properties. Interestingly, the combination of both the acrylic copolymer and chain extender worked to synergistically increase the impact strength by almost 600%. This was attributed to the complementary additive toughening effects which allowed increased energy dissipation of the blend at high speed testing, such as in the impact test. Morphology and rheology investigation showed that the two additives worked together to vastly change the dispersion and phase sizes, suggesting a decreased tension between the PLA and ABS. Finally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy supported the evidence that the epoxy groups of the chain extender undergo ring opening to react with the functional groups of the PLA. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43771.
Microfibrillated cellulose‐reinforced nonedible starch‐based thermoset biocomposites
Authors: Patil Namrata V. , Netravali Anil N.
Published: May 2016

The present research focuses on developing nonedible starch‐based resin to replace the currently used edible starches (corn, potato, etc.), protein (soy) as well as some of the petroleum‐based resins for fiber‐reinforced composite applications. Starch was extracted from mango seeds, a waste source freely available in tropical countries. Micro fibrillated cellulose (MFC) obtained from kraft pulp was used to reinforce mango seed starch‐based resin in order to take advantage of the chemical similarity between the starch and the cellulose which results in good interfacial bonding. Uniform dispersion of MFC in starch was obtained using homogenizer. Further, this MFC/MSS mixture was crosslinked using an environment friendly crosslinker, 1,2,3,4‐butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA). Crosslinking was confirmed directly using ATR‐FTIR spectra. MFC/MSS biocomposite specimens were prepared by solution casting method. The characterization of MFC/MSS biocomposites showed that their tensile and thermal properties were comparable to the edible starch‐based composites. The thermoset resins obtained from agricultural mango seed waste can be used to replace currently available resins derived from the edible sources or even some petroleum‐based resins for packaging, coatings, mulches, and other applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43803.
Characterization of nanocomposite resol resins: Individual/synergist effects of alendronic acid and sepiolite
Authors: Alkan Ümran Burcu , Kızılcan Nilgün
Published: May 2016

Alendronic acid modified resol nanocomposite resins (AA‐PFNCRs) and sepiolite modified resol nanocomposite resins (SEP‐PFNCRs) have been synthesized by in situ method in the presence of base catalyst. Additionally, the synergistic effects of alendronic acid and sepiolite clay (AA‐SEP‐PFNCR) on the resol resin have been studied. The structure, morphology, and thermal properties of these nanocomposites have been investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and X‐ray Diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrated the interactions between the fillers and resol resin. Thermal properties of nanocomposite resins were improved due to alendronic acid and sepiolite. The obtained samples were also characterized morphologically by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43807.
Improvement of the impact strength of ethylene‐propylene random copolymers by nucleation
Authors: Horváth Zsuzsanna , Menyhárd Alfréd , Doshev Petar , Gahleitner Markus , Friel David , Varga József , Pukánszky Béla
Published: May 2016

Five ethylene‐propylene random copolymers were nucleated with two soluble nucleating agents. Ethylene content changed between 1.7 and 5.3 wt %, while nucleating agent content was adjusted according to the solubility of the additive. It changed from 0 to 5000 ppm for the sorbitol (1,2,3‐tridesoxy‐4,6:5,7‐bis‐O‐[(4‐propylphenyl) methylene]‐nonitol) and from 0 to 500 ppm for the trisamide compound (1,3,5‐benzene‐trisamide) used. Crystalline structure was analyzed in detail by various methods (DSC, XRD, and SEM). Mechanical properties were characterized by tensile and instrumented impact measurements. The results showed that most properties changed moderately upon nucleation, but impact resistance increased considerably. Spherulitic structure was not detected, but instead in the presence of the soluble nucleating agents used a microcrystalline structure formed. The large increase of impact resistance could not be related directly to changes in crystalline morphology. On the other hand, local rearrangement of morphology was detected by XRD and SEM analysis including an increase of lamella thickness, crystal orientation, and the formation of shish‐kebab structures in the core of the injection molded specimens. A small increase in the γ‐phase content of PP was also observed. These changes increased crack propagation energy considerably leading to the large improvement observed in impact resistance. Although the phenomenon could be related to ethylene content, differences in molecular weight also helped to explain the changes observed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43823.
Silicified microcrystalline cellulose based pellets and their physicochemical properties
Authors: Mustafa Oluwabukola , Chaw Cheng Shu
Published: May 2016

Silicified microcrystalline cellulose (SMCC), Prosolv SMCC 50 was used as spheronization aid to manufacture pellets by extrusion and spheronization. Different ratios of SMCC to lactose were used to manufacture pellets using appropriate levels of water as liquid binder. Avicel PH101 based pellets were also manufactured for comparison of their physical properties. The ratio of liquid binder to spheronization aid was critical to produce pellets of desired size and shape. Extrudates composed of 20% aid could withstand only smaller spheronization force in order to be shaped into pellets. The successful products fulfilled the quality of pellets such as narrow size distribution and spherical in shape. The highest surface tensile strength was observed in pellets with equal ratio of lactose to SMCC while pellets having 20% aid disintegrated rapidly within 15 min. Furthermore, Prosolv SMCC 50 based pellets possessed a stronger surface tensile strength when compared with Avicel PH101 based pellets. In conclusion, Prosolv SMCC 50 has showed to be a good spheronization aid for extrusion and spheronization when used in the range of 20 to 80% content. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43829.
Preparation and properties of a form‐stable phase‐change hydrogel for thermal energy storage
Authors: Wang Tao , Wu Nan , Li Hui , Lu Qu‐Liang , Jiang Yong
Published: May 2016

In this study, we aimed to fabricate a form‐stable phase‐change hydrogel (PCH) with excellent mechanical properties and heat‐storage properties. Sodium alginate (SA) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) composite hydrogels were prepared with ionically crosslinked SA in a PAAm hydrogel network. Glauber's salt [i.e., sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na2SO4·10H2O)] was incorporated within the hydrogel network as a phase‐change material. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs revealed that Na2SO4·10H2O was confined in the micropores of the hydrogel inner spaces, and differential scanning calorimetry curves showed that the composite hydrogel possessed a considerable storage potential. Mechanical properties tests, such as tensile and compressive measurements, presented a decreasing trend with increasing Na2SO4·10H2O dosage. We concluded that the prepared composite PCH could be used to design hydrogel materials with thermal‐energy‐storage applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43836.
2‐Aminoxazole and 2‐Aminothiazole Dasatinib Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia K562 Cells
Authors: Chai Xing‐Xing , Cai Zhi‐Ping , Yang Mian‐Tian , Zhou Ying , Fu Ying‐Jun , Xiong Yuan‐Zhen
Published: May 2016

Dasatinib is an important drug against chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In this paper, we describe the preparation and anti‐CML activity of 2‐aminoxazole and 2‐aminothiazole dasatinib derivatives. Biological activity was measured by the inhibition of proliferation of human CML K562 cells. The 2‐aminoxazole derivatives had similar activities as the 2‐aminothiazole derivatives. All newly synthesized compounds demonstrated more potent antiproliferative activity than imatinib. A few compounds (8b, 8c, 9b) showed nanomolar inhibitory activity, similar to that of dasatinib.
Folic acid fortification and prevalences of neural tube defects, orofacial clefts, and gastroschisis in California, 1989 to 2010
Authors: Yang Wei , Carmichael Suzan L. , Shaw Gary M.
Published: May 2016

Background

We examined whether prevalences of neural tube defects (NTDs), orofacial clefts, and gastroschisis changed more rapidly after than before folic acid fortification in California.

Methods

This population‐based study used vital statistics and birth defects registry data. The study population included all live births and stillbirths delivered in central California counties from 1989 to 2010. Cases included deliveries with NTDs, orofacial clefts, and gastroschisis. Weighted least squares regression was used to estimate slopes during prefortification (before 1997) and postfortification (after 1998), respectively. The difference of the two slopes with the 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated.

Results

For all NTDs combined, slopes indicated that NTD prevalence was decreasing by 8.7 (slope: ‐8.7; 95% CI, ‐13.5–−3.9) cases per 100,000 deliveries per year before fortification and by 1.7 (slope: ‐1.7; 95% CI, ‐3.7–0.3) after fortification; thus the decline had slowed by 7.0 (95% CI, 2.7–11.3) cases per 100,000 deliveries per year. For orofacial clefts, slopes for cleft lip with/without palate as well as for cleft palate alone indicated that the postfortification slope was lower than the prefortification slope suggesting a more accelerated decrease in the postfortification time period. For gastroschisis, the slope after fortification was lower compared with prefortification, indicating a less accelerated prevalence increase in the postfortification time period. Stratification by race/ethnicity did not substantially alter results.

Conclusion

We observed a slower decline in prevalence of NTDs, an emergence of a decline in orofacial clefts, and a slower increase in gastroschisis, during the postfortification period in central California, relative to the prefortification period. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:1032–1041, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Laboratory course on Streptomyces genetics and secondary metabolism
Authors: Siitonen Vilja , Räty Kaj , Metsä‐Ketelä Mikko
Published: May 2016

The “Streptomyces genetics and secondary metabolism” laboratory course gives an introduction to the versatile soil dwelling Gram‐positive bacteria Streptomyces and their secondary metabolism. The course combines genetic modification of Streptomyces; growing of the strain and protoplast preparation, plasmid isolation by alkaline lysis and phenol precipitation, digestions, and ligations prior to protoplast transformation, as well as investigating the secondary metabolites produced by the strains. Thus, the course is a combination of microbiology, molecular biology, and chemistry. After the course the students should understand the relationship between genes, proteins, and the produced metabolites. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44(5):492–499, 2016.
Bone density and depressive disorder: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Schweiger Julietta Ursula , Schweiger Ulrich , Hüppe Michael , Kahl Kai G. , Greggersen Wiebke , Fassbinder Eva
Published: May 2016

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence of low bone mineral density (BMD) in depression. Low BMD is a major risk factor for osteoporotic fractures and frailty.

Methods

The searched database was Pubmed, Meta‐analysis included human studies in men and women fulfilling the following criteria: (1) assessment of BMD in the lumbar spine, the femur or the total hip; (2) comparison of BMD between depressed individuals and the healthy control group; (3) measurement of BMD using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA); and (4) data on the mean, standard deviation, or standard error of BMD.

Results

Twenty‐one studies were identified, encompassing 1842 depressed and 17,401 nondepressed individuals. Significant negative composite weighted mean effect sizes were identified for the lumbar spine (d = −0.15, 95%CL −0.22 to −0.08), femur (d = −0.34, 95%CL −0.64 to −0.05), and total hip (d = −0.14, 95%CL −0.23 to −0.05) indicating low BMD in depression. Examining men and women shows low bone density in the lumbar spine and femur in women and low bone density in the hip in men. The differences between men and women with MDD and the comparison group tended to be higher when examined by expert interviewers. Low bone density was found in all age groups.

Conclusions

Bone mineral density is reduced in patients with depressive disorders. The studies provide little evidence for potential relevant mediating factors.
A Single Gene Cluster for Chalcomycins and Aldgamycins: Genetic Basis for Bifurcation of Their Biosynthesis
Authors: Tang Xiao‐Long , Dai Ping , Gao Hao , Wang Chuan‐Xi , Chen Guo‐Dong , Hong Kui , Hu Dan , Yao Xin‐Sheng
Published: May 2016

Aldgamycins are 16‐membered macrolide antibiotics with a rare branched‐chain sugar d‐aldgarose or decarboxylated d‐aldgarose at C‐5. In our efforts to clone the gene cluster for aldgamycins from a marine‐derived Streptomyces sp. HK‐2006‐1 capable of producing both aldgamycins and chalcomycins, we found that both are biosynthesized from a single gene cluster. Whole‐genome sequencing combined with gene disruption established the entire gene cluster of aldgamycins: nine new genes are incorporated with the previously identified chalcomycin gene cluster. Functional analysis of these genes revealed that almDI/almDII, (encoding α/β subunits of pyruvate dehydrogenase) triggers the biosynthesis of aldgamycins, whereas almCI (encoding an oxidoreductase) initiates chalcomycins biosynthesis. This is the first report that aldgamycins and chalcomycins are derived from a single gene cluster and of the genetic basis for bifurcation in their biosynthesis.
Induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibition on adipogenesis: Two different sides of the same coin? Feasible roles and mechanisms of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) in age‐related thymic involution
Authors: Tan Jianxin , Wang Yajun , Zhang Nannan , Zhu Xike
Published: May 2016

Age‐related thymic involution is characterized by a loss of thymic epithelial cells (TECs) and a concomitant increase in adipocytes, but the mechanisms involved in thymic adipogenesis are still not clear. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been reported to be up‐regulated with age in thymic stromal cells in both human and mouse. However, the exact role of TGF‐β1 in age‐related thymic involution remains to be further elucidated. On the basis of previous findings, we propose a novel hypothesis that TGF‐β1 functions a dual role in age‐related thymic involution. On one hand, up‐regulation of TGF‐β1 promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in TECs via activating forkhead box protein C2 (FoxC2). On the other hand, TGF‐β1 inhibits the transdifferentiation of EMT‐derived mesenchymal cells to adipocytes in the thymus. If confirmed, our hypothesis will not only provide further evidence supporting that the transdifferentiation of TECs into pre‐adipocytes represents a source of thymic adiposity during age‐related thymic involution, but also uncover a unique role of TGF‐β1 in the transdifferentiation of TECs into pre‐adipocytes. Collectively, the inhibition of TGF‐β1 may serve as a strategy to hinder age‐related thymic involution or even to restore thymic function in the elderly.
Autophagy in cardiac metabolic control: Novel mechanisms for cardiovascular disorders
Authors: Yang Yufei , Zhao Cong , Yang Pingzhen , Wang Xianbao , Wang Lizi , Chen Aihua
Published: May 2016

As an extensively studied quality control system, autophagy is responsible for clearance of dysfunctional organelles and damaged marcomolecules in cells. In addition to its biological recycling function, autophagy plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndromes such as obesity and diabetes. In particular, metabolic disorders contribute to cardiovascular disease development. As energy required to maintain cardiac cells functional is immense, disturbances in the balance between anabolic and catabolic metabolism possibly contribute to cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, an urgent need to expand our knowledge on the role of autophagy on the metabolic regulation of hearts emerges. In this review, the potential relationship between autophagic activity and cardiac metabolism is explored and we also discuss how dysregulated autophagy leads to severe cardiac disorders from the perspective of metabolic control.
First‐in‐human robotic percutaneous coronary intervention for unprotected left main stenosis
Authors: Mahmud Ehtisham , Dominguez Arturo , Bahadorani John
Published: May 2016

The safety and feasibility of robotically‐assisted percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for simple coronary lesions has been demonstrated. The CorPath robotic system (Corpath 200, Corindus, Waltham, MA) consists of a robotic arm mounted on the cardiac catheterization table that consists of a drive housing a single‐use sterile cassette, which is connected to the guiding catheter. While sitting in the nonsterile, radiation‐shielded cockpit, the operator remotely controls delivery and removal of coronary guidewires, angioplasty balloons, and stents. The database for the ongoing PRECISION registry was queried at a single center and results of unprotected left main robotic PCI procedures are reported. Of 102 robotic PCI procedures performed at this center, 6 were unprotected left main lesions (age 69 ± 14 years; 67% male). All 6 subjects underwent successful PCI (fluoroscopy time 26.8 ± 11.4 min;1.8 stents and 2.2 vessels treated/patient) with three requiring hemodynamic support (two with percutaneous left ventricular assistance using the Impella 2.5 (Abiomed, Danvers, MA) and one with intraaortic balloon pump counterpulsation). This report demonstrates the feasibility of performing robotically assisted unprotected left main PCI with or without hemodynamic support. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facile P−C/C−H Bond‐Cleavage Reactivity of Nickel Bis(diphosphine) Complexes
Authors: Zhang Shaoguang , Li Haixia , Appel Aaron M. , Hall Michael B. , Bullock R. Morris
Published: May 2016

Unusual cleavage of P−C and C−H bonds of the P2N2 ligand, in heteroleptic [Ni(P2N2)(diphosphine)]2+ complexes under mild conditions, results in the formation of an iminium formyl nickelate featuring a C,P,P‐tridentate coordination mode. The structures of both the heteroleptic [Ni(P2N2)(diphosphine)]2+ complexes and the resulting iminium formyl nickelate have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to investigate the mechanism of the P−C/C−H bond cleavage, which involves C−H bond cleavage, hydride rotation, Ni−C/P−H bond formation, and P−C bond cleavage.
Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Benzannulation of Heteroaryl Propargylic Esters: Synthesis of Indoles and Related Heterocycles
Authors: Li Xiaoxun , Xie Haibo , Fu Xiaoning , Liu Ji‐tian , Wang Hao‐yuan , Xi Bao‐min , Liu Peng , Xu Xiufang , Tang Weiping
Published: May 2016

A de novo synthesis of a benzene ring allows for the preparation of a diverse range of heterocycles including indoles, benzofurans, benzothiophenes, carbazoles, and dibenzofurans from simple heteroaryl propargylic esters using a unified carbonylative benzannulation strategy. Multiple substituents can be easily introduced to the C4–C7 positions of indoles and related heterocycles.
Highly Enantioselective Formation of α‐Allyl‐α‐Arylcyclopentanones via Pd‐Catalysed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation
Authors: Akula Ramulu , Doran Robert , Guiry Patrick J.
Published: May 2016

A highly enantioselective Pd‐catalysed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation of cyclopentanone derived α‐aryl‐β‐keto esters employing the (R,R)‐ANDEN‐phenyl Trost ligand has been developed. The product (S)‐α‐allyl‐α‐arylcyclopentanones were obtained in excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to >99.9 % ee). This represents one of the most highly enantioselective formations of an all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center reported to date. This reaction was demonstrated on a 4.0 mmol scale without any deterioration of enantioselectivity and was exploited as the key enantioselective transformation in an asymmetric formal synthesis of the natural product (+)‐tanikolide.
[Ag20{S2P(OR)2}12]: A Superatom Complex with a Chiral Metallic Core and High Potential for Isomerism
Authors: Dhayal Rajendra S. , Lin Yan‐Ru , Liao Jian‐Hong , Chen Yuan‐Jang , Liu Yu‐Chiao , Chiang Ming‐Hsi , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Liu C. W.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis and structural determination of a silver nanocluster [Ag20{S2P(OiPr)2}12] (2), which contains an intrinsic chiral metallic core, is produced by reduction of one silver ion from the eight‐electron superatom complex [Ag21{S2P(OiPr)2}12](PF6) (1) by borohydrides. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis displays an Ag20 core of pseudo C3 symmetry comprising a silver‐centered Ag13 icosahedron capped by seven silver atoms. Its n‐propyl derivative, [Ag20{S2P(OnPr)2}12] (3), can also be prepared by the treatment of silver(I) salts and dithiophosphates in a stoichiometric ratio in the presence of excess amount of [BH4]−. Crystal structure analyses reveal that the capping silver‐atom positions relative to their icosahedral core are distinctly different in 2 and 3 and generate isomeric, chiral Ag20 cores. Both Ag20 clusters display an emission maximum in the near IR region. DFT calculations are consistent with a description within the superatom model of an 8‐electron [Ag13]5+ core protected by a [Ag7{S2P(OR)2}12]5− external shell. Two additional structural variations are predicted by DFT, showing the potential for isomerism in such [Ag20{S2P(OR)2}12] species.
ChemInform Abstract: Furo(2,3‐d)thiazoles.
Authors: UHER M. , LESKO J. , TOTH I.
Published: May 2016

The acylisothiocyanates (I) add to the 2‐alkoxycarbonyl‐5‐aminofurans(II) to give the N‐furyl‐N'‐acylthioureas (III), which cyclize in the presence of Br2 to yield the furothiazoles (IV), whose formation probably proceeds via the corresponding sulphenyl bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Bicyclo(n.3.1) Ring Systems by AlleneIntramolecular Cycloaddition: Tandem Intramolecular (2 + 2) Cycloaddition ‐ (3.3)‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement.
Authors: HAYAKAWA K. , OHSUKI S. , KANEMATSU K.
Published: May 2016

The propargyl ethers (I) are cyclized in the presence of tert‐butylate producing (II) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxymethylene‐1,3(2H,4H)‐isoquinolinedione and Related Compounds.
Authors: HIGASHIYAMA K. , TOYAMA M. , OTOMASU H.
Published: May 2016

Die Isochinolindione (I) reagieren nach Vilsmeier‐Haack zu den Hydroxymethylenderivaten (II), die über ihre Chloride (III) in die Methoxymethylenisochinolindione (IV) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Substituted Diphosphenes. Part 2. Transition Metal‐Induced CO‐Insertion in the P=P Bond of Diphosphenes with Formation of Diphosphinomethanone Derivatives.
Authors: WEBER L. , REIZIG K. , BOESE R.
Published: May 2016

The Fe‐ or Ru‐substituted diphosphenes (I) react with Fe2(CO)9 to give via the intermediary isolable dimetal‐substituted derivatives (II) the P‐metalated diphosphinomethanone compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies Directed Toward the Naturally Occurring Acyl Tetramic Acids. Part 1. Convergent Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Tirandamycin A
Authors: BOECKMAN R. K. JUN. , STARRETT J. E. JUN. , NICKELL D. G. , SUM P.‐E.
Published: May 2016

(XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: The Absolute Configuration of Oxyphencyclimine, a Parasympatholytic Drug. Syntheses of Both Enantiomers.
Authors: SCHJELDERUP L. , AASEN A. J.
Published: May 2016

The racemic hydrochloride of the title compound is an anticholinergic agent with an effect similar to that of atropine.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Colloidal Manganese Oxides. Part 3. Formation in the Reaction of Hydroxyl Radicals with Mn2+ Ions.
Authors: BARAL S. , LUME‐PEREIRA C. , JANATA E. , HENGLEIN A.
Published: May 2016

N2O‐saturated aqueous solutions of Mn(ClO4)2 have been γ‐irradiated and the colloidal manganese oxides formed have been investigated using conductometric and optical techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Silver Ion Catalyzed Reactions of 3,3′‐Ethylenebicyclopropenyl.
Authors: PEELEN F. C. , LANDHEER I. J. , DE WOLF W. H. , BICKELHAUPT F.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (VI) is obtained from the cyclobutane (I) via double bond addition of dibromocarbene to the dimethylenecyclobutane (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure‐Activity Relationship Studies of a Series of 5‐Aryl‐4,6‐dithianonanedioic Acids and Related Compounds: A Novel Class of Leukotriene Antagonists.
Authors: PERCHONOCK C. D. , UZINSKAS I. , MCCARTHY M. E. , ERHARD K. F. , GLEASON J. G. , WASSERMAN M. A. , MUCCITELLI R. M. , DEVAN J. F. , TUCKER S. S. , VICKERY L. M. , KIRCHNER T. , WEICHMAN B. M. , MONG S. , SCOTT M. O. , CHI‐ROSSO G. , WU H.‐L. , CROOKE S. T. , NEWTON J. F.
Published: May 2016

Dithiaalkanedioic acids such as (IV), (V) and (VII) are prepared, starting with the alkynes (I) and the aromatic aldehydes (VI) respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Thromboxane A2 Synthase Inhibitors. 5‐(3‐Pyridylmethyl)benzofuran‐2‐ carboxylic Acids.
Authors: JOHNSON R. A. , NIDY E. G. , AIKEN J. W. , CRITTENDEN N. J. , GORMAN R. R.
Published: May 2016

The preparation of the pyridyl derivatives (I) ‐ (IV) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiono and Dithio Esters. Part 40. (2 + 4) Cycloadditions of Dimethyl Tetrathiooxalate to Cyclic Conjugated Polyunsaturated Systems.
Authors: GILLMANN T. , HARTKE K.
Published: May 2016

Dimethyl tetrathiooxalate (I) reacts with cyclooctatetraene (II), cycloheptatriene (IV), the pentafulvenes (VII) and the naphthoquinone (XI) predominantly as a 4π component to form the (2 + 4) cycloadducts (III), (V), (VI), (VIII), (IX) or (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Four Vanadium(II) Compounds, Including Vanadium(II) Sulfate Hexahydrate and Vanadium(II) Saccharinates.
Authors: COTTON F. A. , FALVELLO L. R. , LLUSAR R. , LIBBY E. , MURILLO C. A. , SCHWOTZER W.
Published: May 2016

V(II) sulfate hexahydrate, electrochemically prepared from VOSO4·2 H2O (yield 85%), reacts with sodium saccharinate dihydrate in water at 0 °C to yield the bis(saccharinato)‐V(II) complex (I) as a dihydrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of TaCl5, MoCl5, and WCl6 with Bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide.
Authors: RAJCA G. , WEIDLEIN J.
Published: May 2016

TaCl5 reacts with the carbodiimid (I) in a 1:1 molar ratio to give 1 mol Me3SiCl and the dimeric compound (II), whereas in the 1:1 molar interaction of WCl6 and (I) polymeric (III) and 2 mol Me2SiCl are formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of Polynuclear Hydrolysis Complexes of Indium(III) in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: CAMINITI R. , JOHANSSON G. , TOTH I.
Published: May 2016

Large angle X‐ray diffraction results for hydrolyzed In(III) nitrate solutions indicate the presence of polynuclear hydrolysis complexes with single hydroxo bridges between the In atoms.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Reactions of Ketenes with Water and Alcohols in Dioxane Solutions.
Authors: POON N. L. , SATCHELL D. P. N.
Published: May 2016

The spontaneous addition of water to diphenyl‐ and to dimethyl‐ketene in dioxane‐H2O and dioxane‐D2O mixtures is third order in the stoichiometric water concentration, (H2O)s, when (H2O)s ≤ 1.5 M. At higher water concentrations (up to 19 M) the observed order falls, and the patterns of the results for the two ketenes are similar, but differ in detail.
ChemInform Abstract: The Selective Dealkylation of Mixed Esters of Phosphoric Acid and Phenylphosphonic Acid Using Cation Exchange Resin.
Authors: NITTA Y. , ARAKAWA Y.
Published: May 2016

The mixed phosphoric acid esters (I) are selectively dealkylated with cation exchange resin (II) to yield the monoesters (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Trivalent Phosphorus Thioesters with Complex Hydrides of Alkali Metals.
Authors: SINYASHIN O. G. , GORSHUNOV I. YU. , IVASYUK I. V. , BATYEVA E. S. , PUDOVIK A. N.
Published: May 2016

The ethylthio groups of the trivalent P‐esters (I) and (III) are substituted by hydrogen upon reaction with lithium aluminum hydride, thus producing the phosphines (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and C‐N Cleavage Reactions of Bis((dimethylphosphino)ethane)ruthenium Isocyanide Complexes.
Authors: JONES W. D. , KOSAR W. P.
Published: May 2016

The thermal reaction of the complex (I) with isocyanides is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrimidin‐2‐one Nucleosides as Acid‐Stable Inhibitors of Cytidine Deaminase.
Authors: KIM C.‐H. , MARQUEZ V. E. , MAO D. T. , HAINES D. R. , MCCORMACK J. J.
Published: May 2016

The bromo pyrimidine (I) is debrominated and subsequently reduced to give the alcohol (IV), which is converted to the 2‐methoxy pyrimidines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to Racemic erythro‐Sphingosine and Ceramides. The 1,2‐ versus 1,4‐Addition Reaction of Hexadec‐2‐enal with 2‐Nitroethanol.
Authors: HINO T. , NAKAKYAMA K. , TANIGUCHI M. , NAKAGAWA M.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the known aldehyde (I), with the alcohol (II) yields the pyranol (III) and the methanol adduct (IV) or the 1,2‐adducts (V) and (VI), depending on the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 1‐Methylbicyclo(2.2.2)octene Derivatives.
Authors: RAO G. S. R. S. , VIJAYBHASKAR K. , SRIKRISHNA A.
Published: May 2016

The acids (I) are available from the corresponding toluic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetraisopropylethane and Tetracyclopropylethane and Generation of the Pentacyclopropylethyl Carbocation.
Authors: BRUCH M. , JUN Y. M. , LUEDTKE A. E. , SCHNEIDER M. , TIMBERLAKE J. W.
Published: May 2016

Dicyclopropyl ketone (I) is coupled with hydrazine to produce the azine (II) which is converted to the isomeric azo derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Some Reactions of 1‐Oxaspiro(2,11)tetradecane.
Authors: KAC'YAN L. I. , STEPANOVA N. V. , SKIBA G. V. , LEL'GANT O. M.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (IV) is obtained from the olefin (III) with peracetic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of Substituted Pyrrolidines via a Palladium(2+)‐Catalyzed Cyclization. An Unusual Approach to a Carbapenem.
Authors: TROST B. M. , CHEN S.‐F.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the alkynes (I) according to A) yields mixtures of the pyrroles (II) and (III) in the ratios shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiospecific Synthesis of the C‐9 to C‐18 Fragment of Macbecins I and II.
Authors: BAKER R. , CUMMINGS W. J. , HAYES J. F. , KUMAR A.
Published: May 2016

Propargyl alcohol (III) is transformed into the volatile and unstable aldehyde (IV) which is converted to the unsaturated lactone (VII) via the erythroisomer (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Stereochemical Analysis, and Ligand‐Transformation Reactions of New Classes of Bicapped Tricobalt Clusters, (Co3(η5‐C5H5‐xMex)3(μ3‐X)(μ3‐Y))n (x = 0, 1, 5), Containing Mixed π‐Acceptor X and π‐Donor Y Capping Ligands (X: CO, NO; Y: NSiMe3, NC(O)NH2, NH): A Rational Preparative Route to Nitrene (μ3‐NH) Clusters and the Unprecedented Direct Exchange of an Isoelectronic μ3‐NO+ Ligand for a μ3‐CO Ligand.
Authors: BEDARD R. L. , RAE A. D. , DAHL L. F.
Published: May 2016

The reactions of trimethylsilyl azide with the starting compounds (I) lead to different products depending on the degree of methyl substitution at the cyclopentadienyl ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of Spiro(benzocyclobutene‐1,3′‐piperidines).
Authors: VON SPRECHER G. , WINKLER T.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the spirobenzocyclobutene piperidines (Id) ‐ (Ig) with aluminum trichloride produces the rearranged compounds (II) as the main products and (III) and (IV) as by‐products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 11H‐Pyridocarbazoles and Derivatives. Comparison of Their DNA Binding and Antitumor Activity with Those of 6H‐ and 7H‐Pyridocarbazoles.
Authors: LESCOT E. , MUZART G. , MARKOVITS J. , BELLENEY J. , ROQUES B. P. , LE PECQ J.‐B.
Published: May 2016

Condensation of isoquinolylhydrazines (I) with the cyclohexanone (II) yields the tetrahydrocarbazoles (III) which undergo dehydrogenation to give (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Transannular Bond Formation Between the Amino and the Sulfonio Groups in 6,7‐Dihydro‐6‐methyl‐5H‐dibenzo(b,g) (1,5)thiazocinium Salts. The First Example of a Sulfurane with an Apical Alkyl Group.
Authors: AKIBA K. , TAKEE K. , SHIMIZU Y. , OHKATA K.
Published: May 2016

A series of S‐substituted thiazocinium salts (I) have been prepared (see scheme).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Substitution‐Inert Cobalt(III) Complexes Containing an N‐Glycoside Derived from Ethylenediamine and a Monosaccharide (D‐Mannose, L‐Rhamnose, or D‐Ribose).
Authors: ISHIDA K. , YANO S. , YOSHIKAWA S.
Published: May 2016

The 1:2:2 molar reactions of Co(II) chloride hexahydrate with a corresponding monosaccharide and ethylenediamine in refluxing methanol followed by cation‐exchange column chromatography lead to the isolated complexes (I), (II), and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon‐Hydrogen Bond Activation Through a Binuclear C‐H Bond Complex.
Authors: PARK J. W. , MACKENZIE P. B. , SCHAEFER W. P. , GRUBBS R. H.
Published: May 2016

On treatment with two equiv. MeLi, the binuclear μ‐chloride complex (II), prepared as shown, affords the methylene‐ and methyl‐bridged product (III) in 90% yield as determined by 1H NMR (only 10% can be isolated).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aspartyl‐Containing Peptides without Protection of the β‐Carbonyl Group.
Authors: VASIL'EVA G. A. , BAIRAMOV V. M. , EVSTIGNEEVA R. P.
Published: May 2016

Starting with Boc‐L‐aspartic acid (I), the peptide (II) is synthesized using the pivaloyl chloride method.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of (.+‐.)‐Physovenine and (.+‐.)‐Physostigmine. An Application of Tandem Electrocyclic‐(3,3)Sigmatropic Reaction of Benzocyclobutenes.
Authors: SHISHIDO K. , SHITARA E. , KOMATSU H. , HIROYA K. , FUKUMOTO K. , KAMETANI T.
Published: May 2016

The alkaloids (IV) are synthesized from the benzocyclobutene (I) via (II) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Bicyclo(4.1.1)octa‐2,4‐diene, ‐oct‐2‐ene, ‐oct‐3‐ene, and ‐octane from Norpinene.
Authors: CHRISTL M. , HERZOG C. , NUSSER R.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (V), (VIII), (VI) and (IX) are prepared ((VIII) for the first time) via a new route with the dibromide (III) as common precursor.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxiranylidene Intermediate in the reaction of trans‐2‐Chloro‐3‐tert‐butyloxirane with Sodium Phenoxide.
Authors: GOERING H. L. , PAISLEY S. D.
Published: May 2016

The substitution reaction of the chloro epoxide (I) with phenoxide is supposed to proceed via the carbene (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzo(1,2‐b:4,5‐b′)dithiophene and Its 4,8‐Dimethoxy and 4,8‐Dimethyl Derivatives.
Authors: BEIMLING P. , KOSSMEHL G.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of the dithiophene (V) starts from the reaction of the thiophenes (I) and (II) via (IIIa), LiAlH4 reduction (→ (IIIb)) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Macrocycle from 4‐Cyano‐4′‐ (N‐benzoylamino)diphenylether.
Authors: LINDEMAN S. V. , SHKLOVER V. E. , STRUCHKOV YU. T. , PONOMAREV I. I. , SILING S. A.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (I) is heated with aluminum chloride/sulfuryl chloride in nitrobenzene to produce the 18‐membered heterocycle (II).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition, a General Method for the Synthesis of Five‐Membered Nitrogen Heterocycles with Elementorganic Substituents
Authors: DRYGINA O. V. , GARNOVSKII A. D.
Published: May 2016

Review: (203 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Catalytic Performance of Novel Vanadosilicates Having the Pentasil Pore‐Opening Structure.
Authors: MIYAMOTO A. , MEDHANAVYN D. , INUI T.
Published: May 2016

Vanadosilicates are synthesized by the rapid crystallization method by replacing the Al ingredient in H‐ZSM‐5 with different starting vanadium salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective Isomerization of Acetylenes to Allenes.
Authors: ENOMOTO M. , KATSUKI T. , YAMAGUCHI M.
Published: May 2016

The acetylenes (I) react with bases to produce mixtures of anions.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorocarbon Derivatives of Nitrogen. Part 13. Reaction of Perfluoroalkanenitriles with Pyridinium Alkoxycarbonylmethylides: Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylated Imidazo(1,2‐a)pyridines (1‐Azaindolizines). X‐Ray Molecular Structure of Pyridinium 4,5‐Dihydro‐4‐oxo‐2,6‐bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin‐5‐ylide.
Authors: BANKS R. E. , PRITCHARD R. G. , THOMSON J.
Published: May 2016

Pyridinium t‐butoxycarbonylmethylide ‐ generated in situ by treatment of the pyridinium perchlorate (I) with NaH or NEt3 ‐ reacts with the cyanides (II) to give the imidazopyridines (III), the propenylpyridinium perchlorates (IV) and the ylides (V); the product ratios are varied by changing the reactant ratios.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of N‐Silylated Enediamines. Part 1. Transition Metal Complexes of 1,3‐Diaza‐2‐sila‐4‐cyclopentenes.
Authors: ZETTLITZER M. , TOM DIECK H. , STAMP L.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the title compounds (I) with (II) gives the rather unstable complexes (III) in only moderate yields (not quantified).
ChemInform Abstract: Annulations Leading to Diene Systems. Total Synthesis of the Diterpenoid Synthesis of the Diterpenoid (.+‐.)‐(14S)‐Dolasta‐1(15),7,9‐trien‐14‐ ol.
Authors: PIERS E. , FRIESEN R. W.
Published: May 2016

The cyclic ketones (I) are alkylated with the allylic bromide (II) and then converted to the corresponding enol triflates (IV), which are cyclized to give the bicyclic dienes (VI) in the presence of the palladium complex (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Nitraminotetrazole Salts with Alkyl Iodides.
Authors: MAYANTS A. G. , ERINA V. V.
Published: May 2016

The alkylation of the 1‐methyl‐5‐nitraminotetrazolium salt (I) produces mixtures of the derivatives (III) and (IV).