bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
teoria do mínimo existencial x a reserva do possível
Authors: Cavalli Rafaela Djoana , Cavalli Marcelo Antônio , Welter Nelsi Kistemacher
Published: August 2024

O presente trabalho propõe um estudo interdisciplinar entre a filosofia e o direito, analisando, sob a perspectiva da sociedade brasileira, a efetividade dos direitos fundamentais e sociais à luz das teorias do mínimo existencial e da reserva do possível, trazendo para o debate o pensamento do filósofo norte-americano John Rawls e suas contribuições lançadas na obra “Uma teoria da justiça”. A Constituição Federal do Brasil garante a todo indivíduo um rol de direitos básicos elencados, todavia, a eficácia desses direitos por vezes não chega a ser efetivamente implementada, não restando alternativa ao indivíduo senão acionar o poder judiciário para fazer valer tais direitos mínimos – denominados pela doutrina jurídica de mínimo existencial. Ocorre que a implementação desses direitos fica, em princípio, a cargo do Estado, que, por sua vez, nem sempre consegue arcar com esses direitos, por insuficiência de recursos, cunhando-se, assim, na doutrina jurídica a tese da reserva do possível. Ambas as teorias (mínimo existencial e reserva do possível) surgem no século XX e são originárias do direito alemão. A teoria do mínimo existencial tem como escopo dois grandes grupos de direitos, que demandam do Estado duas posturas distintas. O primeiro grupo de direitos é compreendido como uma garantia de liberdades básicas a todos os indivíduos, indistintamente. Nessa dimensão, o Estado adota uma postura passiva, não demandando grandes esforços pelo Poder Público. O segundo grupo, contudo, é formado por direitos sociais que são voltados para a população mais necessitada. Nesse caso, não basta que o Estado inclua estes direitos no ordenamento jurídico, é necessária uma postura ativa do Estado para sua efetivação, potente o suficiente para combater as desigualdades sociais e econômicas. Dessa forma, o propósito deste artigo consiste em verificar o papel do Estado em garantir as liberdades básicas e os direitos sociais e aliar com o estudo da teoria do mínimo existencial e da tese da reserva do possível, já que não se pode ignorar o fato de que o orçamento público é limitado e que as mazelas sociais são imensas. Como forma de ampliar o debate e enriquecer os estudos das teorias do mínimo existencial e da reserva do possível serão conjugadas ao artigo as contribuições feitas pelo filósofo Rawls, destacando alguns aspectos que se relacionam a essas teorias. Para isso, será apresentada, de forma breve, a concepção da justiça como equidade e os princípios de justiça dela decorrentes, destacando-se sua atuação na redução das desigualdades sociais e econômicas e a mudança na vida das pessoas, que, na perspectiva do autor, estão condicionadas a uma mudança estrutural na sociedade e na organização das instituições.
pensiero debole de Gianni Vattimo e Pier Aldo Rovatti
Authors: Silva Adelino Pereira da
Published: August 2024

Propõe-se um estudo sobre o conceito de pensiero debole, proposto por Gianni Vattimo e Pier Aldo Rovatti, tomado como uma noção de pensamento filosófico contemporâneo, que tem atraído atenção significativa. Este modo conceitual desafia os fundamentos tradicionais do pensamento filosófico e procura minar a noção de verdade absoluta. A partir da obra “Il pensiero debole”, especificamente da “Premessa”, escrita por Vattimo e Rovatti (2011), investigamos como aquela noção enfatiza a ambiguidade e a incerteza inerentes à existência humana, e como os autores argumentam que nossa compreensão da realidade sempre depende de nossas perspectivas e interpretações subjetivas. Ao abraçar esse panorama, o pensiero debole abre novas possibilidades de diálogo e pluralismo no discurso filosófico – ou seja, institui novo terreno para a exploração intelectual filosófica contemporânea. Nas últimas décadas, a discussão em torno da “crise da razão” tem ganhado grande destaque na cultura filosófica italiana. Este debate revelou que não há mais uma narrativa abrangente da história, bem como nenhum conhecimento universal que possa unificar o conhecimento específico em uma suposta “verdadeira” compreensão do mundo. No entanto, houve casos em que formas novas e limitadas de racionalidade foram estabelecidas apressadamente, marcando improváveis “retornos” aos valores tradicionais. A partir dessa premissa, procuramos, aqui, aprofundar essa questão, a partir da ideia (ou conceito) de “pensiero debole” (pensamento fraco) apresentado por Vattimo e Rovatti (2011). Em “Il pensiero debole”, várias vozes, mesmo de diferentes campos disciplinares que podem não se alinhar, propõem uma abordagem mais radical: e, assim, o que é provisoriamente referido como “pensamento fraco” visa ruir a resistência que persiste das noções entrincheiradas de razão. Por isso, nesse momento, nos referimos especificamente à análise da “Premessa” do livro, texto que segue sem tradução para o mercado editorial brasileiro, com o intuito de nos aprofundar sobre o caminho pelo qual os autores constroem um modo de pensar filosófico da contemporaneidade: a compreensão de um conceito de verdade mais fluido, preciso e aceitável, o qual só pode acontecer se nos libertarmos dos resquícios do racionalismo moderno. Conforme os filósofos, essa perspectiva alternativa de pensamento pode ser menos reconfortante, mas, certamente, nos aproxima da realidade vigente e, consequentemente, oferece maior praticidade.
A Critical Study on Child Labour in India with Reference to Firework Industry in Tamilnadu
Authors: Monish Kumar K
Published: August 2024

Child work is misuse of underage youngsters in any structures, constraining them to work wrongfully which damages or misuses them. This maltreatment might be physical, mental or sexual; denying the offspring of their privilege of essential training. . As per the International Labor Organization(ILO), " firework is the place youngsters are denied of their youth since they are compelled to work extended periods for next to zero cash, denied of trainings and in conditions destructive to their psychological and physical advancement." According to UNICEF, there are 250 million children matured between 5-14 years utilised as child work in creating nations out of which 120 millions work all day. Among the creating nations, India has the most elevated number of fireworks younger than 14 years which is roughly 12.6 millions. Youngsters are occupied with each part of the economy like match stick making, firecrackers, residential work, development, cover making industry, block furnaces, and so forth one of the spots where child labour is encountered the most is Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu. Children are the eventual fate of any country or network. As indicated by the International Labor Organization (ILO), if fireworks will be restricted and all youngsters get legitimate training, the world's absolute pay would be raised by about 22% more than 20 years, which is a record for more than $4 trillion. Restricting child work will help in boosting the economy of a nation. Be that as it may, the circumstances here are more terrible. Thus this paper to make a basic examination of the Child labour in fire worker industry and effects of it.
Las Pedagogical strategies that strengthen assertive communication in the third grade life Project
Authors: Palencia N.L.A. , Peña L.M.B.
Published: August 2024

Este estudio tuvo como foco de interés proponer una estrategia pedagógica para el fortalecimiento de la comunicación asertiva en la construcción del proyecto de vida de los estudiantes del grado tercero de la Institución Educativa Rural la Concha. Se fundamentó en la investigación cualitativa y diseño de Investigación Acción. En el propósito  de determinar el entorno social en que interactúan los maestros y educandos partícipes de este trabajo de la  investigación, se realizó un diagnóstico en una muestra de 20 estudiantes, donde se identificaron las situaciones que afectan la comunicación asertiva; dando paso a  la selección de actividades para el diseño de la estrategia pedagógica; la cual, en su implementación dio cuenta de un impacto significativo, teniendo en cuenta que la temática propuesta juega un papel fundamental en la vida de todo ser humano para la construcción de su proyecto de vida. Para finalizar, se reconoció que la estrategia generó un notable impacto en la reflexión misma de la práctica de enseñanza del docente sobre  la importancia que tiene la comunicación asertiva y las habilidades de comunicación dentro de un proceso de formación en las distintas áreas del conocimiento, pues se reconoce como se favoreció el rendimiento académico, el conocimiento de nuevas culturas, la convivencia ciudadana dentro de su entorno, su forma de comportarse  y el respeto por la opinión del otro.

The focus of this study was to propose a pedagogical strategy to strengthen assertive communication in the construction of the life project of the third grade students of the La Concha Rural Educational Institution. It was based on qualitative research and Action Research design. In order to determine the social environment in which the teachers and students participating in this research work interact, a diagnosis was made in a sample of 20 students, where the situations that affect assertive communication were identified; giving way to the selection of activities for the design of the pedagogical strategy; which, in its implementation, accounted for a significant impact, taking into account that the proposed theme plays a fundamental role in the life of every human being for the construction of their life project. Finally, it was recognized that the strategy generated a notable impact on the reflection of the teacher's teaching practice on the importance of assertive communication and communication skills within a training process in the different areas of knowledge, since It is recognized how academic performance, knowledge of new cultures, citizen coexistence within their environment, their way of behaving and respect for the opinion of the other were favored.
From the written to the visual: poetry in two languages
Authors: Martínez Herrera Alicia
Published: August 2024

Desde que naciera la poesía, hace unos miles de años, ésta se ha desarrollado como herramienta o recurso para tratar las más profundas reflexiones, pero no sólo lo ha hecho de forma escrita, como se le espera, sino que también se ha ido abriendo camino hacia lo visual, convirtiendo la lírica en plástica; la idea en pictograma. Se entiende, entonces, que la poesía no tiene por qué ser sólo escrita, y que, por el contrario, encuentra otra forma de expresión en lo visual. Pero, ¿es posible traducir al lenguaje visual un texto poético? Siquiera intentarlo ya provoca otras muchas cuestiones que intentaremos resolver en esta investigación a modo de fotoensayo. En ella se pretende, como experimentación propia y ejemplo, traducir algunos poemas escritos a lo visual, y reflexionar acerca de las posibilidades estéticas y las percepciones humanas que pueda esto generar.
Anclajes de/en la vivencia: proceso dibujo-poesía
Authors: Irazusta Cecilia
Published: August 2024

Este artículo describe un proceso de creación y reflexión, en torno a la relación del dibujo artístico y la poesía. La investigación, a través de la creación artística, pone en diálogo los procesos creativos y constructivos, mostrando sus diferencias y similitudes y esclareciendo estrategias y formas de producción. Una tradición actualizada que interpela a la academia y la integra. El poema como ilustración del dibujo, las redes sociales como multiplicador de sentido,  la exposición y el libro como proceso investigación
Assessment of Conductive Sites on Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Polymer
Authors: Adapala Priyanka , Frankel Gerald S.
Published: August 2024

Carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRPs) composites can drive galvanic corrosion of other metals with which they are in contact such as aluminum alloys (AAs) when exposed to aggressive environments. In these galvanic couples, CFRP behaves as a cathode, owing to the noble nature of carbon, whereas the coupled metal behaves as an anode that undergoes accelerated deterioration. To be able to control the corrosion, it is critical to understand the electrochemical activity of CFRP. In this work, a copper deposition technique was developed to quantify the extent of electrochemical activity and identify the exact location of electrochemically active sites on the CFRP. Optimization of the deposition parameters was performed by focused ion beam sectioning and viewing the Cu-deposited cross sections in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Quantification of the electrochemically active area was done through large-area imaging by SEM and optical microscopy and image analysis. The top surfaces and cross sections of deposit/CFRP interfaces were investigated by viewing at high magnification to evaluate polymer coverage and surface defects.
Benefícios da psicoterapia assistida por MDMA para pacientes diagnosticados com TEPT
Authors: Souza Fioroti Gustavo , Corassa Pinheiro Natália , Nogueira Pereira Fábio
Published: August 2024

This essay discusses the potential clinical use of 3,4methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) with patients diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). We present a brief history of the use of consciousness-altering substances from ancient times to the present as well as recent research on psychedelic assisted psychotherapy (PAP). Double blind investigation in which some of the participants received MDMA and others placebo as an assistant to their psychotherapy process. Results in several studies revealed significant results, a high profile of safety and efficacy even for the treatment of resistant conditions.
Establishing the Predictive Validity of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills for Driving Performance Outcomes
Authors: Dickerson Anne E. , Wu Qiang , Houston Helen , Cassidy Therese , Touchinsky Susan
Published: August 2024

Importance: Although the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) is an excellent tool for evaluating the functional performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), a limited number of studies have used the AMPS for decisions regarding the IADL of fitness to drive and community mobility.

Objective: To determine the specificity and sensitivity of the AMPS as a tool for determining a person’s fitness to drive.

Design: Cross-sectional observational design.

Setting: Three driving rehabilitation programs in three states.

Participants: Participants were 388 community-living adults (M age = 68.74 yr, SD = 11.53); 196 adults were recruited before completing a comprehensive driving evaluation, and 192 were recruited in two other studies of older drivers.

Outcome and Measures: AMPS and results of comprehensive driving evaluation or on-road assessment.

Results: Using a logistical regression, AMPS Motor and Process Skills scores yielded a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 88.8%. The odds ratio of the AMPS Motor Skills score was .347; for the AMPS Process Skills score, it was .014. Using cross-validations, the model with AMPS Motor and Process scores produced a cross-validation area under the curve of .918, with sensitivity and specificity of 84.6% and 88.4%, respectively, and a probability greater than .334 was used for predicting a fail or drive-with-restriction evaluation.

Conclusions and Relevance: The AMPS Motor and Process Skills scores revealed significant differences between those who failed or had driving restrictions and with those who passed the driving evaluation, which supported the AMPS as an effective tool for predicting fitness to drive.

Plain-Language Summary: This study demonstrates how the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), as a top-down occupational therapy assessment tool, can be used to differentiate between medically at-risk drivers who are likely to pass a comprehensive driving evaluation and those who are likely to fail or need restrictions. AMPS will assist occupational therapy practitioners in determining who is most appropriate to receive driving rehabilitation services and/or when to refer a person for a comprehensive driving evaluation.
Securing the Future of Healthcare: Building a Resilient Defense System for Patient Data Protection
Authors: Oluomachi Ejiofor , Ahmed Akinsola
Published: August 2024

The increasing importance of data in the healthcare sector has led to a rise in cybercrime targeting patient information. Data breaches pose significant financial and reputational risks to many healthcare organizations including clinics and hospitals. This study aims to propose the ideal approach to developing a defense system that ensures that patient data is protected from the insidious acts of healthcare data threat actors. Using a gradientboosting classifier machine learning model, the study predicts the severity of healthcare data breaches. Secondary data was collected from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Portal with key indicators. Also, the study gathers key cyber-security data from Kaggle, which was utilized for the study. The findings revealed that hacking and IT incidents are the most common type of breaches in the healthcare industry, with network servers being targeted in most cases. The model evaluation showed that the gradient boosting algorithm performs well. Therefore, the study recommends that organizations implement comprehensive security protocols, particularly focusing on robust network security to protect servers.
Evaluating the Performance and Challenges of Prompt-Free Few-Shot Text Classification
Authors: Messaoud Rim , Rim Achraf Louiza , Azelart Francois
Published: August 2024

Text-based comments play a crucial role in providing feedback for various industries. However, effectively filtering and categorizing this feedback based on custom context-specific criteria requires sophisticated language modeling techniques. While traditional approaches have shown effectiveness, they often require a substantial amount of data to compensate for their modeling deficiencies. In this work, we focus on highlighting the performance and limitations of prompt-free few-shot text classification using open-source pre-trained sentence transformers. On the one hand, our research includes a comprehensive study across different benchmark datasets, encompassing 9 dimensions such as sentiment analysis, topic modeling, grammatical acceptance, and emotion classification. Also, we worked at making different experiences to test Prompt-Free Few-Shot Text Classification. On the other hand, we underline prompt-free few-shot classification limitations when the targeted criteria are complex. As an alternative approach, prompting an instruction-fine-tuned language model has demonstrated favorable outcomes, as proven by our application in the specific use case of â€œIdentifying and extracting resolution results and actions from explanatory notesâ€, achieving an accuracy rate of 80%.
Enhance the Detection of DoS and Brute Force Attacks within the MQTT Environment Through Feature Engineering and Employing an Ensemble Technique
Authors: Hanif Abdulelah Al , Ilyas Mohammad
Published: August 2024

The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) environment has introduced unprecedented levels of connectivity and automation. The Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol has become recognized in IoT applications due to its lightweight and efficient features; however, this simplicity also renders MQTT vulnerable to multiple attacks that can be launched against the protocol, including denial of service (DoS) and brute-force attacks. This study aims to improve the detection of intrusion DoS and bruteforce attacks in an MQTT traffic intrusion detection system (IDS). Our approach utilizes the MQTT dataset for model training by employing effective feature engineering and ensemble learning techniques. Following our analysis and comparison, we identified the top 10 features demonstrating the highest effectiveness, leading to improved model accuracy. We used supervised machine learning models, including Random Forest, Decision Trees, k-Nearest Neighbors, and XGBoost, in combination with ensemble classifiers. Stacking, voting, and bagging ensembles utilize these four supervised machinelearning methods to combine models. This study's results illustrate the proposed technique's efficacy in enhancing the accuracy of detecting DoS and brute-force attacks in MQTT traffic. Stacking and voting classifiers achieved the highest accuracy of 0.9538. Our approach outperforms the most recent study that utilized the same dataset.
Enhancing Digital Forensics Readiness in Big Data Wireless Medical Networks: A Secure Decentralised Framework
Authors: Mpungu Cephas , George Carlisle , Mapp Glenford
Published: August 2024

Wireless medical networks are pivotal for chronic disease management, yet the sensitive Big Data they generate presents administration challenges and cyber vulnerability. This Big Data is valuable within both healthcare and legal contexts, serving as a resource for investigating medical malpractice, civil cases, criminal activities, and network-related incidents. However, the rapid evolution of network technologies and data creates complexities in digital forensics investigations and audits. To address these issues, this paper proposes a secure decentralised framework aimed at bolstering digital forensics readiness (DFR) in Big Data wireless medical networks by identifying security threats, complexities, and gaps in current research efforts. By improving the network's resilience to cyber threats and aiding in medical malpractice investigations, this framework significantly advances digital forensics, wireless networks, and healthcare. It enhances digital forensics readiness, incident response, and the management of medical malpractice incidents in Big Data wireless medical networks. A real-world scenario-based evaluation demonstrated the framework's effectiveness in improving forensic readiness and response capabilities, validating its practical applicability and impact. A comparison of the proposed framework with existing frameworks concluded that it is an advancement in framework design for DFR, especially in regard to Big Data processing, decentralised DFR storage and scalability.
Evaluating the Impact of Environmental Factors on Corrosion Rates in Offshore Oil and Gas Pipelines: Insights from the Levantine Basin
Authors: Farsakouri Rawanne
Published: August 2024

The Levantine Basin is an important area for oil and gas exploration. However, the region's high salinity and corrosive conditions significantly threaten the durability of pipelines and equipment, resulting in substantial maintenance and repair expenses. This study seeks to evaluate the environmental and industrial influences on the corrosion rates of different oil and gas streams within the Levantine Basin. This study collected and analyzed data from the Levantine Basin, including physical and chemical properties of the streams, environmental factors such as temperature, pressure, and humidity. The Larkton corrosion software was utilized to simulate and predict corrosion rates under various conditions. Findings of this experiment demonstrate the significance of temperature on corrosion rates, showing a marked increase as temperatures rise. At lower temperatures, H₂S corrosion is more prominent, whereas CO₂ corrosion becomes the dominant factor at medium to high temperatures, especially when coupled with high CO₂ concentrations.
Hypnosis and pain
Authors: Wilson Debra Rose , Pappas Jenny , Taylor Rachel
Published: August 2024

Consider this nonpharmacologic option to help patients control pain.
Decompression sickness
Authors: Sebach Aaron M.
Published: August 2024

A nurse’s effective triage results in timely diagnosis and treatment.
TEORIAS CRIMINOLÓGICAS DE LA CRIMINALIDAD EMPRESARIAL: TEORÍA GENERAL DE LA TENSIÓN Y TEORIA DEL AUTOCONTROL
Authors: Rosas Caro Juan Manuel
Published: August 2024

La criminología corporativa es una rama que se especializa en explicar los factores que dan lugar la criminalidad en las estructuras empresariales, por el problema de impunidad e inseguridad que genera la falta de punibilidad a las personas jurídicas por los delitos que son cometidos en su nombre y por medio de ellas, tambien es por esto que se vuelve necesaria la creación de modelos de responsabilidad penal de personas jurídicas y, por tanto, se formulanteorías criminológicas con respecto a cómo se genera este fenómeno delictual en organizaciones altamente complejas. Las teorías analizadas en el presente artículo explican de forma satisfactoria la criminalidad empresarial, tanto en una escala individual como organizacional, asimismo, enumeran e individualizan los procesos sociales que generan las situaciones que fomentan una cultura criminógena dentro del ámbito empresarial, por esto, las formulaciones de este trabajo tienen ramificaciones para la construcción de modelos de imputación y para la aplicación de sistemas de compliance penal.
7E Yabancı Dil Öğretim Metoduna Göre Fransızca Bir Ders Planı Önerisi
Authors: Çavdar Emine , Soylu Baştuğ Dilek
Published: August 2024

Yabancı dil eğitiminde nitelikli eğitim verebilmek için geleneksel eğitim yaklaşımları bırakılmış ve yapılandırmacı yaklaşımı merkeze alan öğrenci merkezli öğrenme temel alınmıştır. Öğrencilerin mevcut bilgilerinden hareketle yeni karşılaştıkları durumları anlamlandırma ve yorumlama süreci olarak açıklanan yapılandırmacı yaklaşımın en önemli modellerinden birisi de 7E öğrenme modelidir. Geleneksel yaklaşımda bilgi öğrenciden bağımsız olarak görülürken bu modelde bilgi öğrencilerden bağımsız değildir. Öğrencilerin bilgiyi yapılandırırken, mevcut bilgilerinin açığa çıkarılması ve öğrencilerde merak duygusu uyandırmak için ilgi çekici bir başlangıç yapılması, öğrencilerin katılımını artırmada önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. 2018 Ortaöğretim Fransızca Dersi Öğretim Programında da üst düzey bilişsel becerilere sahip bireyler (çıkarımda bulunma, yorum yapma, çözümleme, değerlendirme, eleştirel düşünme, yaratıcı düşünme) yetiştirmeye olanak sağlayan kazanımlara yer verilmiştir. Bu program, dünyayı yorumlayabilen, kendi duygu ve düşüncelerini ifade edebilen bireyler yetiştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada amaç, bu becerilerin Fransızca dersine nasıl uyarlandığına ilişkin bir ders planı örneği sunmaktır. Çalışmada 9. sınıf için hazırlanmış Voilà kitabı içinde yer alan “Les métiers” (meslekler) konusuna dair bir ders planı 7E modeline uygun olarak hazırlanmıştır. Bu modele göre düzenlenmiş etkinliklerde öğrenciler derse daha etkin bir şekilde katılırlar, etkileşime girerek öğrenirler. Öğrenciler, yabancı dilde kalıplaşmış hazır cümleleri ezberlemek yerine kendi cümlelerini kurabilirler. Yabancı dil öğretiminde 7E modeli uygulamasının sayıca az olduğu tespit edildiğinden çalışmanın alana katkı sağlayacağı varsayılmaktadır.
Neuro-Fuzzy Models for Electronic Banking Fraud Detection and Prevention: A Review of Recent Advances
Authors: Usman Mohammed , Garba Etemi Joshua , Ismai’il Usman Idris
Published: August 2024

Online payments have evolved over the years. Today, more people are choosing electronic payments platforms over method traditional banking. From POS, mobile banking, to virtual banking services, there are lots of trends to facilitate seamless payments for customers. However, electronic fraud is affecting Nigeria’s financial system, costing the economy dearly and holding back the adoption of cashless technologies due to rise in fraudulent activities. This work focused on informing and helping the public to understand payment fraud issues occurring on various channels, as well as aid financial institutions with more effective fraud monitoring and preventive measures to combat the fraud. In this study, five feature of electronic banking transaction were selected and used to obtain universe of discourse, membership functions and their linguistic variables for the fuzzy system and are classified based on ANFIS to allow an E-banking fraud detection system to test and classify transactions as fraudulent or safe.
Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Mirabilis jalapa
Authors: Fayehun Opeyemi O. , Lajide Labunmi , Ololade Zacchaeus S. , Babajide Jelili O. , Akorede-Oloye Mariam T. , Akinnawo Christianah A.
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim: The phytochemical screening for the detection of plant secondary metabolites as well as the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the plant were evaluated in this study using standard chemical and instrumental methods. This study aims to determine the chemical constituents, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of Mirabilis jalapa plant. Experimental Procedure: The phytochemical screening for the detection of plant secondary metabolites as well as the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the plant were evaluated using standard chemical and instrumental methods. Results: A total of twenty-four (24) chemical compounds were identified in GC-MS analysis, among these the highest percentage composition was 9-octadecenamide (46.89%) followed by cholest-5-ene-3,16, 22, 26-tetrol (8.49%), octadecanoic acid (8.39%), hexadecanamide (7.14%), 8,11-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (6.41%) and hexadecanoic acid (6.40%). The antimicrobial activity of the various extracts on six selected microorganisms showed that the methanolic root extracts inhibited E. coli (18.5 mm) and S. aureus (18 mm) at higher inhibition zones which is more than the standard drugs. The total antioxidant capacity and strength of the plant extract revealed that the leaves is a powerful antioxidant. Conclusion: The results of the study support folklore claims in treating infection and inflammation. It also revealed the immense potential of the plant for further research that aims at identifying the bioactive components responsible for the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial activity. The phytomedicinal attributes of the M. jalapa plant can be used for the formulation of antimicrobial and antioxidant drugs.
A PSICOMOTRICIDADE COMO INSTRUMENTO NO PROCESSO DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO
Authors: Silva Paloma Mariane , Coutinho Diógenes José Gusmão
Published: August 2024

A criança ao se relacionar com o meio ambiente sente vontades, sentimentos e necessidades que são somadas à medida que o adulto lhe proporciona condições de explorar tudo o que a cerca, agindo de acordo com seu interesse. Essa conquista de espaço por parte da criança lhe dará suporte para um melhor conhecimento de seu corpo, de suas habilidades de movimento. Toda essa estimulação além de possibilitar uma adaptação motora favorece também o trabalho de um real desenvolvimento psicomotor. Dada a importância da ação psicomotora sobre a organização da personalidade da criança, é indispensável ao trabalho educativo que venha promover um melhor desenvolvimento de suas potencialidades, levando-se em conta os objetivos propostos e as atividades relativas à idade que melhor convir com suas características. O presente ensaio apresenta uma breve abordagem sobre a psicomotricidade e educação psicomotora como aliada do processo de alfabetização.
ACONSELHAMENTO SOROLÓGICO: UMA ESTRATÉGIA DE PREVENÇÃO ÀS IST EM POPULAÇÕES INDÍGENAS, LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: Navarro Raquel Maria , Salimo Zeca Manuel
Published: August 2024

Nesta pesquisa buscou-se estudar a metodologia do aconselhamento sorológico, suas possibilidades e limitações no que se refere a estratégia de prevenção às IST/AIDS utilizada em populações indígenas de Manacapuru.  Apesar do Aconselhamento no campo das IST/AIDS ser considerado, em diferentes regiões do mundo, como uma das principais estratégias para prevenção primária, secundária e terciária, implantada nos serviços da rede básica de saúde, tanto estudos nacionais como internacionais mostram que esta prática ainda concentra uma dose significativa de fragilidades e problemas. Para a Saúde Indígena dá-se a relevância de compreender a importância e as possibilidades de implementação do aconselhamento nas populações indígenas de Manacapuru, com todas as possibilidades e limitações inerentes. Este estudo se propôs a resgatar as origens conceituais do aconselhamento em IST/AIDS, identificar e analisar criticamente o papel do aconselhamento em IST/AIDS, apontando suas contribuições, limites e possibilidades de aplicação em populações indígenas em um contexto interétnico e intercultural. Além disso, buscou-se compreender o contexto da Saúde indígena de Manacapuru e as reais possibilidades de implantação do Aconselhamento Sorológico nesse contexto. Trata-se, portanto, de um estudo realizado através de revisão bibliográfica em fontes secundárias sobre o aconselhamento em IST/AIDS e a epidemia da AIDS direcionadas a população indígena, buscou-se colocar em evidências tanto as potencialidades e fragilidades dessa abordagem para lidar com a complexidade inerente dessa epidemia em um contexto tão peculiar e complexo. É de suma importância que se veja o aconselhamento como um espaço onde a ação está voltada às necessidades e características do cliente, e não voltado a resolver as múltiplas demandas da política de prevenção e assistência, pois ele nunca deve ser visto como uma ação isolada, mas deve sempre estar inserido em uma estratégia mais ampla aonde se somam outros tipos de intervenção.
ACIDENTES AUTOMOBILÍSTICOS: CAUSAS, IMPACTOS E MEDIDAS PREVENTIVAS
Authors: Braga Filho Francisco Marcelo Alves , Alves Carlos Natanael Chagas , Araripe Patrícia Holanda de Azevedo , Oliveira Ana Carolina Alves de , Siqueira Sabriny Kerolyn Mesquita , Coutinho Diogenes José Gusmão
Published: August 2024

Esse artigo buscou analisar as causas, impactos e medidas preventivas relacionadas aos acidentes automobilísticos. Utilizou-se uma metodologia descritiva, com revisão de literatura e análise de dados estatísticos para compreender os fatores que contribuem para a ocorrência de acidentes de trânsito, bem como as consequências econômicas e sociais destes eventos. A busca por artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Google Scholar, utilizando os termos "acidentes automobilísticos", "segurança viária" e "prevenção". Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2023, disponíveis em português, inglês ou espanhol, e com acesso ao texto completo. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, dos 250 artigos encontrados, 180 foram excluídos, resultando em 70 artigos analisados. Os resultados destacam a relevância de fatores como imprudência, infrações de trânsito e condições inadequadas das vias. Conclui-se que medidas educativas, fiscalização rigorosa e melhorias na infraestrutura são essenciais para a redução dos acidentes automobilísticos de forma acelerada.
PERBANDINGAN PEMBERIAN SUSU FORMULA DAN ASI EKSKLUSIF TERHADAP STATUS GIZI BAYI USIA 6-12 BULAN DI PUSKESMAS GONDANGLEGI KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors:   ITKM Widya Cipta Husada, Indonesia, Utami Dian Asih Ning
Published: August 2024

Background: Nutrition is a fundamental issue in public health. One way of sustaining optimal growth and development can be maintained through providing sufficient breast milk. The aim of this study was to determine the comparison of the nutritional status of babies aged 6-12 months who were given formula milk and exclusive breast milk at the Gondanglegi Primary Health Centers Malang Regency. Subjects and Methods: This research method uses a quantitative cross sectional design approach. The research population was 152 babies aged 6-12 months and their mothers at the Gondanglegi Community Health Center, Malang Regency. The number of samples that met the sample criteria used the accidental sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire to fill in the milk feeding history and record the results of measuring the baby's weight and body length on the observation sheet. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test. Results: The results of the study showed that there was a significant comparison of the nutritional status of babies aged 6-12 months who were given exclusive breast milk and formula milk, with the results of the Wilcoxon analysis test showing p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Information updates through activities need to be held by health service agencies either in live forums or online, such as outreach activities about the negative impact of giving formula milk on the nutritional status of babies.
Spatiotemporal source apportionment of ozone pollution over the Greater Bay Area
Authors: Chen Yiang , Lu Xingcheng , Fung Jimmy C. H.
Published: August 2024

Abstract. It has been found that ozone (O3) pollution episodic cases are prone to appear when the Greater Bay Area (GBA) is under the control of typhoons and subtropical high-pressure systems in summer. To prevent this pollution effectively and efficiently, it is essential to understand the contribution of O3 precursors emitted from different periods and areas under these unfavorable weather conditions. In this study, we further extended the Ozone Source Apportionment Technology (OSAT) from the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) model to include the function of tracking the emission periods of O3 precursors. Subsequently, the updated OSAT module was applied to investigate the spatiotemporal contribution of precursor emissions to the O3 concentration over the GBA in July and August 2016, when several O3 episodic cases appeared in this period. Overall, the emissions within the GBA, from other regions of Guangdong province (GDo), and from the neighboring provinces were the three major contributors, accounting for 23 %, 15 %, and 17 % of the monthly average O3 concentration, respectively. More than 70 % of the O3 on the current day was mainly formed from the pollutants emitted within 3 d, and the same day's emission contributed approximately 30 %. During the O3 episodes, when the typhoon approached, more pollutants emitted 2–3 d before from the GDo and adjacent provinces were transported to the GBA, leading to an increase in O3 concentrations within this region. Under the persistent influence of northerly wind, the pollutants originating from eastern China earlier than 2 d previously can also show a noticeable impact on the O3 over the GBA on the present day, accounting for approximately 12 %. On the other hand, the O3 pollution was primarily attributed to the local emission within 2 d when the GBA was mainly under the influence of the subtropical high-pressure systems. These results indicate the necessity for considering the influence of meteorological conditions in implementing the control measures. Meanwhile, analogous relationships between source area/time and receptor were derived by the zero-out method, supporting the validity of the updated OSAT module. Our approach and findings could offer more spatiotemporal information about the sources of O3 pollution, which could aid in the development of effective and timely control policies.
How rainfall events modify trace gas mixing ratios in central Amazonia
Authors: Machado Luiz A. T. , Kesselmeier Jürgen , Botía Santiago , van Asperen Hella , O. Andreae Meinrat , de Araújo Alessandro C. , Artaxo Paulo , Edtbauer Achim , R. Ferreira Rosaria , Franco Marco A. , Harder Hartwig , Jones Sam P. , Dias-Júnior Cléo Q. , Haytzmann Guido G. , Quesada Carlos A. , Komiya Shujiro , Lavric Jost , Lelieveld Jos , Levin Ingeborg , Nölscher Anke , Pfannerstill Eva , Pöhlker Mira L. , Pöschl Ulrich , Ringsdorf Akima , Rizzo Luciana , Yáñez-Serrano Ana M. , Trumbore Susan , Valenti Wanda I. D. , Vila-Guerau de Arellano Jordi , Walter David , Williams Jonathan , Wolff Stefan , Pöhlker Christopher
Published: August 2024

Abstract. This study investigates the rain-initiated mixing and variability in the mixing ratio of selected trace gases in the atmosphere over the central Amazon rain forest. It builds on comprehensive data from the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO), spanning from 2013 to 2020 and comprising the greenhouse gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4); the reactive trace gases carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2); and selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Based on more than 1000 analyzed rainfall events, the study resolves the trace gas mixing ratio patterns before, during, and after the rain events, along with vertical mixing ratio gradients across the forest canopy. The assessment of the rainfall events was conducted independently for daytime and nighttime periods, which allows us to elucidate the influence of solar radiation. The mixing ratios of CO2, CO, and CH4 clearly declined during rainfall, which can be attributed to the downdraft-related entrainment of pristine air from higher altitudes into the boundary layer, a reduction of the photosynthetic activity under increased cloud cover, and changes in the surface fluxes. Notably, CO showed a faster reduction than CO2, and the vertical gradient of CO2 and CO is steeper than for CH4. Conversely, the O3 mixing ratio increased across all measurement heights in the course of the rain-related downdrafts. Following the O3 enhancement by up to a factor of 2, NO, NO2, and isoprene mixing ratios decreased. The temporal and vertical variability of the trace gases is intricately linked to the diverse sink and source processes, surface fluxes, and free-troposphere transport. Within the canopy, several interactions unfold among soil, atmosphere, and plants, shaping the overall dynamics. Also, the mixing ratio of biogenic VOCs (BVOCs) clearly varied with rainfall, driven by factors such as light, temperature, physical transport, and soil processes. Our results disentangle the patterns in the trace gas mixing ratio in the course of sudden and vigorous atmospheric mixing during rainfall events. By selectively uncovering processes that are not clearly detectable under undisturbed conditions, our results contribute to a better understanding of the trace gas life cycle and its interplay with meteorology, cloud dynamics, and rainfall in the Amazon.
Postglacial environmental changes in the northwestern Barents Sea caused by meltwater outbursts
Authors: Devendra Dhanushka , Szymańska Natalia , Łącka Magdalena , Szymczak-Żyła Małgorzata , Krajewska Magdalena , Telesiński Maciej M. , Zajączkowski Marek
Published: August 2024

Abstract. The last deglaciation was marked by abrupt shifts between cold and warm states reflecting an integrated response to the gradually increasing summer insolation at northern latitudes, changing ocean circulation, and the retreat of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. In this study, we present new multiproxy reconstructions of water mass properties and sea surface characteristics from a sediment core from the northwestern Barents Sea (Kveithola) representing the last 14,700 years. Our reconstruction documents four sediment-laden meltwater pulses between 14,700 and 8,200 cal years BP based on biomarkers, stable isotopes, and sedimentological parameters. Deglacial processes primarily cause these meltwater pulses and are possibly supplemented with paleo-lake outbursts, paleo-tsunami currents, or a combination of at least one of these, are characterized by sudden drops in sea surface temperatures, increased sea ice formation, increased terrigenous supply, and a limited influence of Atlantic Water in the northwestern Barents Sea. The influence of the Storegga tsunami, which occurred around the 8,200 cal years BP cooling event likely reached and redistributed the sediment in Kveithola. Strong coarsening of the northwestern Barents shelf was observed after 3,500 years, which might be related to a stronger Atlantic Water inflow from the west across the bank leading to winnowing.
Adaptation of the Barcelona Metropolitan Area to Climate Change, especially to hot temperature extremes
Authors: Romero Càlix Ana
Published: August 2024

The world is becoming urbanized, and this urbanization is predominantly metropolitan. In 2020, one-third of humanity lived in metropolises (60% of the global urban population), a percentage expected to reach 39% by 2035. Metropolises have become spaces of well-being and opportunities, drivers of innovation and productivity, and key actors in addressing current global challenges that surpass the administrative limits of cities.The Barcelona Metropolitan Area (AMB), with 3.3 million inhabitants and densities that can exceed 20,000 inhabitants/km2 is an example of it. In the AMB, climate governance operates on different scales, referring to multilevel governance. The management of metabolic flows in this demanding territory continues to be transformative of the environment and causes impacts in the Anthropocene era.For example, various studies show how energy poverty in summer has increased (by 30% in 2023). This is worrying in a territory where heat vulnerability affects 560,000 of its inhabitants and is concentrated in 9 of its 36 municipalities. Technological solutions involve electrifying and reducing demand for conditioned air, a controversial measure attending to GHE.The survey 'Perceptions and Strategies for Adapting to Extreme Heat in Vulnerable Metropolitan Households,' conducted by the Barcelona Metropolitan Area (AMB) and the Metròpoli Institute in the summer of 2023 on heat perception, demonstrated more than 60% of surveyed individuals living in these more vulnerable areas (depending on Vulnerability Index to Climate Change 2022) report having air conditioning units, yet 30.7% of them state that they cannot maintain their homes at an adequate temperature during the summer, and 19.3% during the colder months. Energy poverty is particularly worsening in these vulnerable areas with the increase in summer temperatures.
Projections of temperature evolution (heat) at the neighborhood level and how they can be modulated with certain measures (greenery, rehabilitation, shade strategies, etc.) are also essential, and the AMB is studying them with the support of various university research groups, to design effective policies that integrate climate change adaptation into urban design and maintenance, it is crucial to adopt a comprehensive and evidence-based approach.
Regional non-reversibility of mean and extreme climate conditions in CMIP6 overshoot scenarios linked to large-scale temperature asymmetries
Authors: Roldán-Gómez Pedro José , De Luca Paolo , Bernardello Raffaele , Donat Markus
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Overshoot scenarios, in which the forcing reaches a peak before starting to decline, show non-symmetric changes during the CO2 increasing and decreasing phases, producing persistent changes on climate. Non-reversibility mechanisms, associated among others with lagged responses of climate components, changes in ocean circulation and heat transport and changes in the ice cover, bring hysteresis to the climate system. These mechanisms generally have an impact in global scales, potentially generating hemispheric temperature changes and alterations of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). This work analyzes simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to explore the relevance of these mechanisms in overshoot scenarios with different forcing conditions (SSP5-3.4OS and SSP1-1.9) and the impact of these large-scale mechanisms on regional climates, with a particular focus on the degree to which changes in regional extremes are reversible. Results show that non-reversibility of temperature and precipitation extremes mostly occurs during the transition period around the global temperature maximum, when a decoupling between regional extremes and global temperature generates persistent changes at regional level. These changes mainly impact temperature extremes in extratropical regions and precipitation extremes in tropical regions around the ITCZ. In scenarios with strong forcing changes like SSP5-3.4OS, regional non-reversibility can be mostly linked to a temperature asymmetry between Northern and Southern Hemisphere, associated with ITCZ shifts. This asymmetry may be associated with persistent changes in the heat transport and with a different thermal inertia depending on the region, leading regionally to a different timing of the temperature maximum. In scenarios with lower forcing changes like SSP1-1.9, the contribution of this mechanism is more limited and other factors like ice melting may also have a relevant role.