bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extramucosal single layer interrupted intestinal anastomosis - a better alternative
Authors: Malik Javaid Iqbal , Ahmed Aftab , Chowdry Zafar Ali , Rasool Imtiaz
Published: June 2016

Objectives: To evaluate the technique of extra mucosal interrupted single layer intestinal anastomosis in different diseases where anastomosis is needed in different parts of gastrointestinal tract both in elective and emergency situations. Design: Prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Surgical Unit 1 Jinnah Hospital Lahore, over a period of 2`/2 years from December 2000 to June 2003. Material and Methods: In this study 123 anastomosis were performed in 100 patients. All these patients were operated upon by the senior surgeons in the emergency/elective operating rooms. Single layer interrupted extramucosal anastomosis with vicryl 2/0 or 3/0 was done in all cases. Results: Overall anastomotic leak was just 0.81%. Wound infection was observed in 6%, without any increase in morbidity and zero percent mortality. Conclusion: Extramucosal single layer interrupted intestinal anastomosis is the safest technique both for the small and large bowel, with minimal possible complications.
Induction of Labour an Audit of Indications and Obstetrical Outcome in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Jalil G , Malik R M. , Sohail N , Razaque A
Published: June 2016

Objective: To examine the indications of induction of labour at Services Hospital Lahore, a tertiary) care hospital and to study the maternal and fetal outcomes of this obstetrical intervention. Study design:: This study involved a retrospective analysis of 100 patients with Bishop score Of ≤ 6, admitted for induction of labour, done with Prostaglandin E2 , pessary (Dinoprostone 3mg), followed by amniotomy and / or oxytocin infusion. A comparison of indications and outcomes was made among nullipara and multipara. Data was analyzed by X2’ and Student’s / test. Results: The induction rate was 8% and the commonest indication was hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 42%, followed by prolonged pregnancy 22% and pre- labour  rupture of membranes 21% . The mean induction to delivery interval was 21.2 hours for nullipara and 15. 1 hours  for parous   women,    p   =  0.00 was   statistically   significant.   The caesarean delivery rate was  higher   with   induced   labours  in nullipara 52% than in multipara 22%, the difference was statistically significant. 21% babies born with induced labours had Apgar score ≤ 4 and 8% required admission in neonatal intensive care unit. 17% patients had postnatal or post-operative complications. There were perinatal or maternal losses. Conclusion: It was concluded from  the  study  that  labour induction results in increased risk of operative delivery and longer hospital stay. Therefore,  all  obstetrical  units should monitor the frequency of labour  induction,  scrutinize  the  indications  and  assess  the  impact  of  induction  to  determine  the effect on caesarean delivery rate and perinatal  outcome.
Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) - A prospective analysis
Authors: Yousaf Farah , Tahir Muhammad Muzammal , Sheikh Shahida
Published: June 2016

Vesico vaginal fistula disease is as old as antiquity, VVF has a profound effect on the patient`s emotional well being. The main object of our study was to find out the etiology, success of repair, in our set up. A total of 26 patients were included in our study, with the mean age of 30 years, all were almost illiterate (88.56%), Multiparous (57.69%), with the height more than 151cm (53.84%). The cause of injury noted for birth trauma was, Obstructed labor (42.30%). The time interval for the presentation of the patient for the treatment in 61.54% was 2-10 month. The success rate noted was 92.30%.
Surgery for hemoptysis - one year experience of 72 patients
Authors: Bilal Aamir , Salim Muhammad , Nabi Muhammad Shoaib
Published: June 2016

Objective: To determine aetiology of patients presenting with hemoptysis and evaluate their management and outcome. Study Design: An observational prospective descriptive study. Place and Duration: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital from 1st Jan 2003 to 31st December 2003. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 72 patients; 51(71%) were males and 21(29%) were females. Male: female ratio was 2.5:1 Age range was from 7 years to 81 years with a mean age of 36.3 years. All the patients had hemoptysis o n presentation while 25(35%) also experienced dyspnoea. Chest radiograph was obtained in all, CT Thorax in 60 (83%) while pulmonary function tests were performed in 68(94%) patients. Out of 72 cases 09 patients had to undergo immediate surgery, 27 underwent surgery within one week after initial stabilization and 36 were operated upon electively. All patients, except 6 pediatrics cases, had one lung ventilation during surgery. Results: The mean operative time was 55(+/-20) minutes. Out of 72 patients 30 had lobectomy, 24 had hydatid cystectomy, 9 had wedge excision, 3 had pneumonectomy and 6 had thoracoplasty. Mortality was 2/72 while morbidity was 6/72 comprising 4 wound infections (in the emergency group) and 2 each had persistent air leak and empyema. Hospital stay ranged from 7 - 36 days with mean of 12.6 days. Pathological breakup of the 72 cases was bronchiectasis 30, mycetoma 2, lung abscess 9, hydatid cysts 24, carcinoma 6 and AV malformation 1. Conclusion: Inflammatory lung disease, especially TB and its sequelae is the commonest cause of hemoptysis. Elective surgery with one lung ventilation after initial stabilization in a well equipped & well staffed cardiothoracic unit (OT & ICU) is a safe option for hemoptysis, not responding to medical management.
Maternal and fetal outcome of prelabor rupture of membranes at term expectant management
Authors: Wasim Tayyiba , Najibullah Shazia
Published: June 2016

This descriptive study was carried out to analyze the maternal and fetal outcome of 24 hours expectant management`: in patients of PROM at term. 100 women presenting with prelabor rupture of membranes at term were included. All the patients were managed conservatively for 24 hours, followed by induction if labor did not start spontaneously, or if signs of chorioamnionitis developed at any stage. Magnitude of PROM during the year 2002 was` 7.008%. Spontaneous labor rate with in 24 hours was 84%. 2% patients developed signs of chorioamnionitis in less than 24 hours and 14% patient did not enter into spontaneous labor after 24 hours of PROM. 94% patients with PROM delivered vaginally while 6 caesarian sections were carried out. Postnatal complications were observed in 17% of patients. These included chorioamnionitis 2%, PPH 7%, puerperal pyrexia 4%, wound infection 3%, and DVT in 1% patient. Mean Apgar score of babies was 5.90, 1 min after birth and 8.7, 5 min after birth. Maximum babies had APGAR score of 9 at 5 min after birth, 8 babies were admitted to ICU and only 1 baby developed proven neonatal infection. This study shows that conservative management is safe with excellent maternal and neonatal outcome.
Prevalence of anemia in obstetrical population
Authors: Sohail Rubina , Zainab Sadia , Zaman Farrukh
Published: June 2016

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic and to asses the cause of anemia. Study Design: Temporal sampling technique. Place and Duration of Study: Antenatal clinic Unit II, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Services hospital, Lahore from 01.03.2001 to 01.03.2002. Subjects and Methods: Hemoglobin estimation was done in all subjects. Blood indices, peripheral smear, malarial parasite and stool examination were carried out in women with values less than 11gm/dl. Serum electrophoresis was done if the hemoglobin was less than 7gm/dl. Results: It was found that 66% of the pregnant women were anemic. Anemia was more common in women with lesser education, low socioeconomic group and increasing parity. Iron deficiency anemia was found in 72.7% of anemic women. Conclusion: Effective steps should be taken to diagnose anemia early in pregnancy.
Role of saline infusion Sonohysterography in diagnosing endometrial polyps
Authors: Khan Naeem Ahmad , Rahim Naila , Habib Uzma , Zaidi Nasir Raza
Published: June 2016

Study carried out in Radiology Department of Jinnah Hospital Lahore on four patients with age ranges from 3546 years revealed that the Saline Infusion Sonohysterography plays an important role in diagnosing endometrial abnormalities especially Endometrial Polyps in women`s with complaint of intermenstural bleeding. Saline Infusion Sonohysterography requires minimal patient`s preparation, has few complications & is well tolerated by patients. Given its advantages over other techniques for uterine evaluation, Saline Infusion Sonohysterography will play an even larger role in pelvic imaging in future.
A survey of neonatal resuscitation facilities in the urban setting of Lahore
Authors: Javaid Bushra Karim , Javaid Tahir , Ijaz Iftikhar , Zaman Qamar , Bhutta Tariq I
Published: June 2016

Objectives: To assess the status of basic facilities and equipment required for neonatal resuscitation and the level of training in neonatal resuscitation of personnel attending neonates at the time of delivery at different health care centers in Lahore. Study design: A cross sectional descriptive epidemiological study. Place and duration: The study was conducted at different health care centers providing obstetrical care in different areas of urban Lahore from February to May 1998. Subjects & Methods: A survey of about 51 different health care facilities like Private hospitals private clinics and MCH centers in different areas of Lahore was done. Based on a preset questionnaire the in charge of the relevant place was interviewed regarding availability of requisite equipment and level of training of their staff in neonatal resuscitation. Results: A total of 51 centers in Lahore were surveyed. Out of them 36 were private clinics, 11 private hospitals and 4 MCH Centers. These centers were run by doctors (65%), LHVs (23%) and nurses (6%), mid wife, dai, dispenser (2%) each. Most of these centers did not have all the required resuscitation equipment, for instance the space for resuscitation was available with 50%, warmers were present 24%, blankets 60%, bulb sucker 49%, electric suction machine 31%, oxygen 51 `%, bag &mask 20% and intubation equipment 16% were available. The referral transportation was not available in 75%. Regarding training level of the personnel present at the time of delivery 80% did not have any newborn resuscitation training and only Out of the rest only 8 personnel knew how to intubate the newborn. Conclusion: Most of the centers lack requisite equipment needed for neonatal resuscitation and there is a need for the staff to under go training in neonatal resuscitation.
Clinical and ultrasound correlation in first trimester abortion
Authors: Iqbal Javed , Nausheen Fouzia , Khan Arif Tajammal , Sheikh Shahida
Published: June 2016

Aims and Objectives of Study: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of clinical and ultrasound evaluation in first trimester abortions and assess the impact of ultrasound on patient management. Study Design: Non-interventional comparative study conducted o n 100 patients, selected o n simple random basis from Gynae Outpatient Department. Study place: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Allama Iqbal Medical College and Jinnah Hospital, Lahore Materials and Methods: All the patients with symptoms of first trimester abortion were evaluated clinically and by ultrasound to formulate a diagnostic and management plan. Main Outcome Measures: Both Modalities were compared for diagnostic accuracy, positive and negative correlation in different types of abortions. Results: 34% of the patients were at l0 weeks of gestation, 28% were unsure of dates, 17% were at 11 weeks of gestation, 13% of the patients were at 9 weeks of gestation, 5% were at 6 weeks while 3% were at 7 weeks of gestation. Clinical diagnosis was made in 42% of cases; in 39% definite diagnosis was possible with combined clinical and ultrasound evaluation while in 19% no diagnosis was established with either modality In 89% of the cases the diagnosis was made on single ultrasound scan, while 11% required a repeat scan. Correlation between two modalities was present in 81% of the cases. Positive correlation was obtained in 59% and negative correlation was seen in 22% . The correlation was not possible in 19% of cases. Conclusion: Ultrasonography is an essential tool in diagnosis of early pregnancy failures especially where clinical evaluation is inconclusive.
Complications of multiple gestation
Authors: Ashraf Razia , Gul Asma , Noor Rabia , Siddique Saqib
Published: June 2016

A Total of selected 50 Patients with Multiple Pregnancy were Studied. The aim of the study was to see the complications of multiple gestation. It was concluded from the results that most common complication is Preterm labour (54%) anemia (38%) Pregnancy induced hypertension (32%) Preterm Premature rupture of membranes (12%) and antepartum haemmorhge in (6%). Fetal Complications were prematurity and low birth weight.
Diagnosis and management of uric acid nephrolithiasis
Authors: Iqbal Naveed , Chughtai. Nawaz
Published: June 2016

The aim is to provide an account of the diagnosis & management of uric acid stones. Material & methods: A search was made on the topic of uric acid stones with regard to the diagnosis & management of uric acid stones. Results: The incidence of uric acid stones varies between countries and account for 5% to 40% of all urinary calculi. Uric acid stone cannot be seen on x-ray. Intra venous uroghraphy, CT scan or sonoghraphy is required for their diagnosis. This is the only stone that can be reliably dissolved by urinary alkalization with alkali (Bicarbonates, citrate). This medical treatment is highly effective resulting in dissolution of existing stones & prevention of stones. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy can be used successfully for uric acid stones. Open surgery is still performed especially for large complicated staghorn stones. Conclusion: Medical management with urinary alkalization for uric acid stone dissolution and prevention of recurrence is effective.
Transthoracic Patent Ductus Arteriosus ligation without chest drain insertion
Authors: Bilal Aamir , Nadeem Asif , Nabi Muhammad Shoaib
Published: June 2016

To study safety of doing Transthoracic, Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation without chest tube insertion. Study Design: Observational, Prospective, Descriptive. Place and Duration: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital from June 2002 to June 2004. Material and methods: This prospective study was done to study the results of this selective approach in forty five (45) patients, operated by transthoracic approach between June 2002 and June 2004 for patent ductus arteriosus ligation. There were 27 females and 18 males, ranging in age from 06 months to 07 years (mean: 2.3 years) and a weight of 6.0 kg to 22.1 kg (mean 11.3 kg). Patients < 07 years, with no pulmonary pathology, no peroperative pulmonary adhesion, no per operative ruptured ductus arteriosus and with good lung expansion prior to the chest closure were included in this study. Patient more than 07 years of age, with extreme adhesion and those whose patent ductus arteriosus ruptured during dissection were excluded from this study. Parents of the patients were informed about potential risks of this selective approach. Only those patients whose parents had given adequate; informed consent were eligible for this study. Results: There was no mortality. No drain related morbidity Iike pneumothorax, haemothorax or chylothorax occurred. P ostoperatively children had less analgesia, earlier feeds and mobilization. Mothers were not apprehensive about holding or feeding the baby. Consequently there was earlier discharge to home. In addition these children had a more cosmetic scar, and no drain related problems. Conclusion: A selective approach to the use of chest tube in Transthoracic approach for patent ductus arteriosus can be safe, cost effective and patient friendly.
Feasibility of day case surgery in ENT
Authors: Mumtaz Sami , Ali Shahid , Saleem Wahid
Published: June 2016

A variety of surgical procedures in otolaryngology are treated as day case surgery. The patients are screened and selected before giving an appointment for certain surgical procedures. There are well-established criterions for suitability of day case surgery. In this study 500 patients were interviewed to see the suitability for day case surgery. A Combination of domestic problems, anesthesia problems, and inability to co-op with day case surgery criterion are discussed. Design: It is s prospective study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at ENT Department of Lahore General Hospital Lahore. From January 2000 to June 2002. Subjects & Methods: A Performs was filled after interviewing the patients to see the suitability for day case surgery. The problems of patients, who were unable to fulfill the criteria, are discussed in detail. Results: This study proves that more than 85% of patients are not suitable for day case surgery in our setup. Conclusion: Day case surgery is not feasible in patients coming from rural areas.
Reducing agricultural nitrogen inputs in the German Baltic Sea catchment – trends and policy options
Authors: Ackermann Andrea , Mahnkopf Judith , Heidecke Claudia , Venohr Markus
Published: June 2016

We depict recent agricultural nitrogen input and future loads to be expected in 2021 in the German Baltic Sea catchment to assess the feasibility of reaching water quality targets defined by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). We calculate recent and future nitrogen balances from agriculture by applying an interdisciplinary modelling system, also considering the effects of the Nitrate Directive. The nitrogen surpluses are transferred to a nutrient emission model to simulate nitrogen emissions, in-stream retention and resulting riverine loads to the sea until 2021. Finally, we analyse input reduction demands and agri-environmental measures necessary to attain water quality targets of the MSFD. The results are target-oriented mitigation options relevant for implementation, based on regional land use and nitrogen reduction demands. Furthermore, this paper discusses the effects of policies and measures implemented to reduce nitrogen loads.
Application of spatial Markov chains to the analysis of the temporal–spatial evolution of soil erosion
Authors: Liu Ruimin , Men Cong , Wang Xiujuan , Xu Fei , Yu Wenwen
Published: June 2016

Soil and water conservation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China is important, and soil erosion is a significant issue. In the present study, spatial Markov chains were applied to explore the impacts of the regional context on soil erosion in the Xiangxi River watershed, and Thematic Mapper remote sensing data from 1999 and 2007 were employed. The results indicated that the observed changes in soil erosion were closely related to the soil erosion levels of the surrounding areas. When neighboring regions were not considered, the probability that moderate erosion transformed into slight and severe erosion was 0.8330 and 0.0049, respectively. However, when neighboring regions that displayed intensive erosion were considered, the probabilities were 0.2454 and 0.7513, respectively. Moreover, the different levels of soil erosion in neighboring regions played different roles in soil erosion. If the erosion levels in the neighboring region were lower, the probability of a high erosion class transferring to a lower level was relatively high. In contrast, if erosion levels in the neighboring region were higher, the probability was lower. The results of the present study provide important information for the planning and implementation of soil conservation measures in the study area.
Efficient pollutants removal by amino-modified nanocellulose impregnated with iron oxide
Authors: Taleb Khaled , Rusmirovic Jelena , Rancic Milica , Nikolic Jasmina , Drmanic Sasa , Velickovic Zlate , Marinkovic Aleksandar
Published: June 2016

A novel adsorbents NC-PEG, obtained by the modification of nanocellulose (NC)
with PEG-6-arm amino polyethylene glycol (PEG-NH2) via maleic anhydride (MA)
linker, was used for the removal of Cd2+ and Ni2+ from water. Subsequent
precipitation of goethite (FO) on NC-PEG produced NC-PEG/FO adsorbent which
was used for As(V) and As(III) removal. In a batch test, the influence of
pH, contact time, initial ion concentration and temperature on adsorption
efficiency were studied. The maximum adsorption capacities found for Cd2+
and Ni2+, obtained by the use of Langmuir model, were 37.9 and 32.4 mg g?1
at 25 ?C, respectively. Also, high As(V) and As(III) removal capacity of
26.0 and 23.6 mg g-1 were obtained. Thermodynamic parameters indicate
endothermic, feasible and spontaneous nature of adsorption process. Kinetic
study, i.e. fitting by Weber-Morris model predicted intra-particle diffusion
as a rate-controlling step. Multi-cycle reusability of both NC-PEG and
NC-PEG/FO, significantly affects the affordability of techno-economic
indicators for consideration of their possible application.
Some variants of reverse selective center location problem on trees under the Chebyshev and Hamming norms
Authors: Etemad Roghayeh , Alizadeh Behrooz
Published: June 2016

This paper is concerned with two variants of the reverse selective center location problems on tree graphs under the Hamming and Chebyshev cost norms in which the customers are existing on a selective subset of the vertices of the underlying tree. The first model aims to modify the edge lengths within a given modification budget until a prespecified facility location becomes as close as possible to the customer points. However, the other model wishes to change the edge lengths at the minimum total cost so that the distances between the prespecified facility and the customers satisfy a given upper bound. We develop novel combinatorial algorithms with polynomial time complexities for deriving the optimal solutions of the problems under investigation.
Type 2 Diabetes Remission Rates After Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass and Gastric Banding: Results of the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery Study
Authors: Purnell Jonathan Q. , Selzer Faith , Wahed Abdus S. , Pender John , Pories Walter , Pomp Alfons , Dakin Greg , Mitchell James , Garcia Luis , Staten Myrlene A. , McCloskey Carol , Cummings David E. , Flum David R. , Courcoulas Anita , Wolfe Bruce M.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

The goals of this study were to determine baseline and postbariatric surgical characteristics associated with type 2 diabetes remission and if, after controlling for differences in weight loss, diabetes remission was greater after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) than laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

An observational cohort of obese participants was studied using generalized linear mixed models to examine the associations of bariatric surgery type and diabetes remission rates for up to 3 years. Of 2,458 obese participants enrolled, 1,868 (76%) had complete data to assess diabetes status at both baseline and at least one follow-up visit. Of these, 627 participants (34%) were classified with diabetes: 466 underwent RYGBP and 140 underwent LAGB.

RESULTS

After 3 years, 68.7% of RYGBP and 30.2% of LAGB participants were in diabetes remission. Baseline factors associated with diabetes remission included a lower weight for LAGB, greater fasting C-peptide, lower leptin-to-fat mass ratio for RYGBP, and a lower hemoglobin A1c without need for insulin for both procedures. After both procedures, greater postsurgical weight loss was associated with remission. However, even after controlling for differences in amount of weight lost, relative diabetes remission rates remained nearly twofold higher after RYGBP than LAGB.

CONCLUSIONS

Diabetes remission up to 3 years after RYGBP and LAGB was proportionally higher with increasing postsurgical weight loss. However, the nearly twofold greater weight loss–adjusted likelihood of diabetes remission in subjects undergoing RYGBP than LAGB suggests unique mechanisms contributing to improved glucose metabolism beyond weight loss after RYGBP.
Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Recent Acute Coronary Syndromes From the EXAMINE Trial
Authors: White William B. , Kupfer Stuart , Zannad Faiez , Mehta Cyrus R. , Wilson Craig A. , Lei Lanyu , Bakris George L. , Nissen Steven E. , Cushman William C. , Heller Simon R. , Bergenstal Richard M. , Fleck Penny R. , Cannon Christopher P.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

We evaluated the risk of cardiovascular (CV) death in all Examination of Cardiovascular Outcomes with Alogliptin versus Standard of Care (EXAMINE) study participants and in those who experienced an on-study, major nonfatal CV event.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The study randomly assigned 5,380 patients with type 2 diabetes to alogliptin or placebo within 15 to 90 days of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Deaths and nonfatal CV events (myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, hospitalized heart failure [HHF], and hospitalization for unstable angina [UA]) were adjudicated. Patients were monitored until censoring or death, regardless of a prior postrandomized nonfatal CV event. Time-updated multivariable Cox models were used to estimate the risk of death in the absence of or after each nonfatal event.

RESULTS

Rates of CV death were 4.1% for alogliptin and 4.9% for placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0.85; 95% CI 0.66, 1.10). A total of 736 patients (13.7%) experienced a first nonfatal CV event (5.9% MI, 1.1% stroke, 3.0% HHF, and 3.8% UA). Compared with patients not experiencing a nonfatal event, the adjusted HR (95% CI) for death was 3.12 after MI (2.13, 4.58; P < 0.0001) 4.96 after HHF (3.29, 7.47; P < 0.0001), 3.08 after stroke (1.29, 7.37; P = 0.011), and 1.66 after UA (0.81, 3.37; P = 0.164). Mortality rates after a nonfatal event were comparable for alogliptin and placebo.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent ACS, the risk of CV death was higher after a postrandomization, nonfatal CV event, particularly heart failure, compared with those who did not experience a CV event. The risk of CV death was similar between alogliptin and placebo.
CV Protection in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Trial: A “Thrifty Substrate” Hypothesis
Authors: Ferrannini Ele , Mark Michael , Mayoux Eric
Published: June 2016

The striking and unexpected relative risk reductions in cardiovascular (CV) mortality (38%), hospitalization for heart failure (35%), and death from any cause (32%) observed in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial using an inhibitor of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in patients with type 2 diabetes and high CV risk have raised the possibility that mechanisms other than those observed in the trial—modest improvement in glycemic control, small decrease in body weight, and persistent reductions in blood pressure and uric acid level—may be at play. We hypothesize that under conditions of mild, persistent hyperketonemia, such as those that prevail during treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors, β-hydroxybutyrate is freely taken up by the heart (among other organs) and oxidized in preference to fatty acids. This fuel selection improves the transduction of oxygen consumption into work efficiency at the mitochondrial level. In addition, the hemoconcentration that typically follows SGLT2 inhibition enhances oxygen release to the tissues, thereby establishing a powerful synergy with the metabolic substrate shift. These mechanisms would cooperate with other SGLT2 inhibition–induced changes (chiefly, enhanced diuresis and reduced blood pressure) to achieve the degree of cardioprotection revealed in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. This hypothesis opens up new lines of investigation into the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetic and nondiabetic heart disease.
NIH Precision Medicine Initiative: Implications for Diabetes Research
Authors: Fradkin Judith E. , Hanlon Mary C. , Rodgers Griffin P.
Published: June 2016

In his January 2015 State of the Union address, President Barack Obama announced a new Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI) to personalize approaches toward improving health and treating disease (www.whitehouse.gov/precision-medicine). He stated that the goal of such an initiative was “to bring us closer to curing diseases like cancer and diabetes, and to give all of us access to the personalized information we need to keep ourselves and our families healthier.” Since that time, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has taken a leadership role in implementing the President’s vision related to biomedical research (www.nih.gov/precisionmedicine). Here, we discuss the NIH component of the PMI, related ongoing diabetes research, and near-term research that could position the diabetes field to take full advantage of the opportunities that stem from the PMI.
Can a Shift in Fuel Energetics Explain the Beneficial Cardiorenal Outcomes in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Study? A Unifying Hypothesis
Authors: Mudaliar Sunder , Alloju Sindura , Henry Robert R.
Published: June 2016

Type 2 diabetes mellitus causes excessive morbidity and premature cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Although tight glycemic control improves microvascular complications, its effects on macrovascular complications are unclear. The recent publication of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study documenting impressive benefits with empagliflozin (a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 [SGLT2] inhibitor) on CV and all-cause mortality and hospitalization for heart failure without any effects on classic atherothrombotic events is puzzling. More puzzling is that the curves for heart failure hospitalization, renal outcomes, and CV mortality begin to separate widely within 3 months and are maintained for >3 years. Modest improvements in glycemic, lipid, or blood pressure control unlikely contributed significantly to the beneficial cardiorenal outcomes within 3 months. Other known effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on visceral adiposity, vascular endothelium, natriuresis, and neurohormonal mechanisms are also unlikely major contributors to the CV/renal benefits. We postulate that the cardiorenal benefits of empagliflozin are due to a shift in myocardial and renal fuel metabolism away from fat and glucose oxidation, which are energy inefficient in the setting of the type 2 diabetic heart and kidney, toward an energy-efficient super fuel like ketone bodies, which improve myocardial/renal work efficiency and function. Even small beneficial changes in energetics minute to minute translate into large differences in efficiency, and improved cardiorenal outcomes over weeks to months continue to be sustained. Well-planned physiologic and imaging studies need to be done to characterize fuel energetics–based mechanisms for the CV/renal benefits.
Force and Moment Characteristics of a Rhombi Tessellated Non-Pneumatic Tire
Authors: Kumar Anand Suresh , Kumar Ramarathnam Krishna
Published: June 2016

There has been a recent spate of activities in the design of non-pneumatic tires (NPTs). The validation of a NPT's design is incomplete unless its performance is compared with an equivalent pneumatic tire. Apart from its static behavior, an evaluation of the tire's performance can be done by observing its force and moment (F&M) characteristics. In the present work, an NPT has been designed with an aperiodic rhombi tessellated spoke acting as the load bearing member, where the “unit cell” design is based on the vertical, circumferential, and lateral stiffness offered by the structure. A three-dimensional finite element model has been used to capture the mechanics of load distribution in the spoke, contact patch, and variation of contact pressure distribution when the tire is subjected to different operating conditions. SIMULIA/Abaqus has been used to conduct static loading, acceleration/braking, and cornering analyses. The F&M characteristics have been extracted from these simulations and compared with those of a 165/70R14 passenger car tire. The variation in the vertical and circumferential stiffness based on the spoke geometry has also been highlighted. The use of conventional pneumatic tire's belts to alter the NPT's lateral stiffness, despite the tire behaving like a “bottom loader,” adds uniqueness to the design. The NPT's capability to match the pneumatic tire's performance and the variability observed in the tire's F&M characteristics reiterate the freedom available in NPT design, thus providing the opportunity to have similar tires with varying performance characteristics.
Effect of Sodium Hyaluronate Added to Topical Corticosteroids in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Cantone Elena , Iengo Maurizio
Published: June 2016

Background

Available medical treatments for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) comprise systemic and topical therapies. Although topical corticosteroids are effective in the treatment of CRS, they are not completely devoid of adverse effects. Thus, care has to be taken when long-term treatments are prescribed. There is recent evidence that sodium hyaluronate (SH), the major component of many extracellular matrices, promotes tissue healing, including activation and moderation of the inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis.

Objective

The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical outcomes and quality of life in two groups of patients with CRSwNP treated with topical corticosteroids alone or in combination with 9 mg of high-molecular-weight SH.

Methods

The impact of treatments was determined by using nasal endoscopy and validated quality of life questionnaires (Short Form-36, 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test, visual analog scale [VAS]). Eighty subjects who had CRS with grade IV nasal polyposis: 40 diagnosed with allergic rhinitis (AR) and 40 with non-allergic-eosinophilic rhinitis (NARES) based on skin-prick test and nasal cytology results, were divided in two groups. Group I comprised 40 subjects (20 AR and 20 NARES), who received mometasone furoate plus SH; group II comprised 40 subjects (20 AR and 20 NARES), who received mometasone furoate plus saline solution alone. All the patients were followed up for 3 months.

Results

At baseline, no statistically significant differences were observed between the groups and the VAS score showed a moderate-to-severe degree of disease. After treatments, Lund and Kennedy, Short Form-36, 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test, and VAS scores were statistically significant in both groups but slightly in favor of the group I and in the subjects with allergic CRSwNP.

Conclusion

Analysis of our data indicated that an SH supplement to standard corticosteroid seems to play an important role in improving the severity of symptoms, the endoscopic appearance, and discomfort associated with CRSwNP. This effect seems to be strongest in patients with allergic CRSwNP.
Ruthenium-Catalysed Dehydrogenative C–H Borylation of Arenes with Pinacolborane
Authors: Murata Miki , Ueda Yosuke , Hyogo Mayu , Kohari Yoshihito , Namikoshi Takeshi , Watanabe Shinji
Published: June 2016

A ruthenium complex prepared in situ from [RuCl2( p-cymene)]2 and TpMe2K [TpMe2 = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate] is efficient for aromatic C–H borylation with pinacolborane (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane). Arenes were borylated at more electron-rich positions. DFT calculations and kinetic isotope effect experiments suggest that the catalytic cycle should involve an electrophilic aromatic substitution with a borenium cation.
Evaluation of pharmacological effect of Teucrium stocksianum extract on angiogenesis using chorioallantoic membrane assay
Authors: Tabassum Nazia , . Alamgeer , Aziz Abdul , Ahmad Bashir
Published: June 2016

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Teucrium stocksianum on angiogenesis by using chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Fertilized eggs were incubated on the 5th day and dose of different dilutions 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.5% of the plant extract was applied on 6th day. Evaluation of primary, secondary and tertiary blood vessels diameter and CAM area on 7th day by SPIP software. T. stocksianum showed antiangiogenic effect by reducing the diameter of CAM of blood vessels by applying the dilutions while significant results were obtained at dilution of 0.5%.

 

 
Antiepileptic potential of Silybum marianum seeds in pentylenetetrazol-induced kindled mice
Authors: Waqar Huma , Khan Humaira Majeed , Anjum Aftab Ahmad
Published: June 2016

Epilepsy is an abnormality of nervous system showing seizures. Despite, the known antiepileptic activity of plants possessing anti-oxidant properties, Silybum marianum has not been studied yet. Therefore, present experiment was planned to evaluate antiepileptic potential of S. marianum (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) seeds ethanol extract in pentylenetetrazol-induced kindled mice (n = 30). S. marianum seed extract (300 mg/kg) provided significant protection against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions (seizure intensity, latency and lethality) comparable with reference drug (valproic acid). Furthermore, 300 mg/kg/day dose was effective to prevent oxidative stress causing significant decrease in the lipid peroxidation (1.4 ± 0.4 nmol/mg protein) and increased superoxide dismutase (0.4 ± 0.1 μmol/mg protein) and catalase activity (4.7 ± 0.8 U/mL) of mice brain as compared to induced untreated group (p<0.05). It was concluded that antiepileptic activity of S. marianum seeds was due to its anti-oxidant property.

Video Clip

Experimental induction of seizures: 10 min 4 sec

 
Histopathological analysis of 2,4,5-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced mouse colitis
Authors: Choi Kang-Ho , Hyeonju Hong , Rather Irfan A.
Published: June 2016

Ulcerative colitis is one of the chronic diseases that results in inflammation of colon in humans. In this Visual experiment we demonstrate the histopathology of TNBS induced colitis model of mouse. The experiment involves following steps: a) Selection of mouse model, b) Induction of colitis, c) Paraffin sectioning of colon tissue, d) Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, and d) Microscopic observation.

Video Clips

Part 1: 13 min 14 sec

Part 2: 3 min 13 sec
Characterization of jute and glass fiber reinforced polyester based hybrid composite In this research
Authors: Hassan MR , Gafur MA , Rana AA , Qadir MR , Masum SM , Chowdhury AM Sarwaruddin , Karim MM
Published: June 2016

In this research work an attempt is made to fabricate a hybrid composite material with hessian cloth (natural fiber) and glass fiber (synthet ic fiber) in polyester matrix using hand lay-up process and testing was performed by ASTM standards. Main objective of this research work is to investigate the effects of use of natural fiber in the composite material with the synthetic fiber. Experimental results revealed that hybridization of composite with natural and synthetic fibers shows promising tensile strength, flexural strength and hardness. Among the hybrid composites one with the composition of three layers of glass fibers and two layers of hessian cloth (jute fiber) showed highest ten sile strength and flexural strength which were found 104.63 MPa and 134.65 MPa respectively. Water absorption was high in composites having higher hessian cloth content than glass fiber. Composite with high glass fiber content showed high hardness which was 39.9 HV.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(2), 81-88, 2016
Effect of pH on the adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI) on sodium chlorite treated coconut coir
Authors: Islam MN , Ahmed N , Hossain MY , Rahman AKML , Sultana A
Published: June 2016

Coconut coir is a low cost bioadsorbent containing large amount of lignin. In this research work sodium chlorite treated coconut coir (SCT CC) was used to remove Cr(VI) from industrial wastewater by implementing adsorption technique through the investigation of the adsorption kinetics at different pH values. The maximum Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of SCT-CC at pH 2.00, 3.00, 5.00 and 7.00 was 24.75, 23.92, 16.07 and 6.31 mg Cr(VI) g-1 SCT-CC respectively with the dose of 7.5 g/L. The equilibrium established within three hours resulting the maximum removal (95%) of chromium. The adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI) on SCT-CC was found to be regulated by pH of the system. Rate of adsorption was the highest at pH 2.00 and the kinetic data well-fitted with Ho's pseudo second order kinetics. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry analysis indicated that the carbonyl (C=O) groups and hydroxy (O-H) groups from the lignin structure in coconut coir may be involved in the mechanism of Cr(VI) adsorption and it showed good agreement with the kinetic data to elucidate the adsorption mechanismBangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(2), 95-100, 2016
Alleviation of oxidative stresses by potassium fertilizer in spring maize under early and late sown conditions
Authors: Ahmad I , Basra SMA , Akram M , Wasaya Allah , Hussain SA , Iqbal Asif
Published: June 2016

The yield potential of spring planted maize is much higher than autumn crop. Heat stress at during anthesis and grain formation stage is one of the main hindrances in its spring cultivation especially under late sown conditions but early sowing seems an ideal solution to escape from heat spell which may cause poor stand establishment. Both temperature extremes cause oxidative stresses and potassium application may lessen the damage. The present paper aims to contribute the role of potassium application in alleviation of oxidative damage and improvement in stress tolerance of early and late sown spring maize. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement randomizing the sowing dates Early, Mid and Late in main plots and potassium levels K0 (0), K1 (100) and K2 (200 kg ha-1) in sub-plots. Data on growth parameters were recorded fortnightly starting from 30 to 90 days after sowing by using standard procedure while relative water and chlorophyll contents, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured at both tasselling and blister stage. Growth was reduced under both early and late sown conditions but potassium application improved it by enhancing antioxidants defense system which protects leaf chlorophyll contents under early and late sown conditions. Furthermore, antioxidants like CAT and POD activities were increased while SOD/[POD+CAT] were decreased with increase in potassium and age. It is suggested that 100 kg ha-1 potassium reduced oxidative damage and improved stress tolerance of spring maizeBangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(2), 101-110, 2016
Nutrient minerals in commercially available bottled waters of Bangladesh: dietary implications
Authors: Ahmed T , Rashid KN , Hossain Md I
Published: June 2016

This study assesses the quality of drinking water from commercially available bottled waters in Bangladesh in terms of nutrient minerals and estimates their contribution in fulfilling the dietary requirements from such minerals. Ca, Mg, Na, trace element concentration and other physical parameters of the various bottled waters were investigated and compared on 13 samples of major local and imported brands of bottled water collected from local markets. It was found that imported brands had significantly high levels of bicarbonates (245 to 485 mg/l) compared to local brands (12.27 to 86.87 mg/l). Imported brands also had distinctively high levels of calcium (average concentration108.56 mg/l) and magnesium (average concentration 18.49 mg/L) concentrations compared to local brands and can fulfil upto 19.8% and 16.6% of the calcium and magnesium dietary reference intake (DRI) requirement respectively (for an average male). The DRI fulfilment from local brands hardly exceeded 3.3% for calcium and 7.3% for magnesium. The lack of mineral in local brands can be attributed to inadequate mineral amendments after extensive demineralization treatment. This study suggests that most of the local brands of bottled water in the market,poor in mineral content, may have negative dietary implications for long term consumption.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(2), 111-120, 2016
Morphometrics, length-weight relationship and ecological factors affecting the habitat of Pila globosa (Swainson, 1822) (Mesogastropoda: Pilidae) located in Rajshahi University campus
Authors: Saha BK , Jahan MS , Hossain MA
Published: June 2016

The investigation was conducted on morphometrics, length-weight relationship and ecological factors of the freshwater apple snail, Pila globosa (Swainson, 1822) in the habitat of Rajshahi University Campus. The length of shell (SL) (40.09 ± 16.08 mm), length of spire (SPL) (7.63 ± 2.61mm), length of base (LB) (32.52 ± 13.58 mm), width of shell (SW) (37.39 ± 15.72 mm), length of aperture (AL) (27.83 ± 10.42mm) and width of aperture (AW) (16.6 ± 6.46mm) in combined sex were observed. The obesity indices of male were higher than those of female (male =1.10 ± 0.03, female = 1.04 ±  0.01). The total weight in wet condition (TWW) (27.25 ± 25.25g) in combined sex was also recorded. The regression lines between SL/SPL (SL=1.2925+0.1580 SPL), SL/BL (SL = -1.2831 + 0.8432 BL), SL/SW (SL=1.7367+0.9760 SW), SL/AL (SL=1.9303+ 0.6460 AL), SL/AW (SL=0.5239+0.4011 AW), SL/TWW (SL= -3.4225+2.9290 TWW) and  SW/TWW (SW=3.1353+2.8060 TWW) in combined sexes were linear, positive and highly significant. Ecological factors from observed value (Ko) of combined sex and from calculated value (Kc) of combined sex were 29.53 ± 4.26 and 29.29 ± 0.95, respectively. Kn values of combined sex were found to be 1.009 ± 0.137Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(2), 121-128, 2016
One step cyclocondensation of (thio)barbituric acid with chalcones in glacial acetic acid and phosphorous pentoxide: Part-I
Authors: Akhter K , Ahmed SM , Halim Md E , Kader MA , Jahan K , Romman UKR , Ahmed MG
Published: June 2016

Some new 5, 7-diaryl-1,5-dihydro (or 1, 2, 3, 5-tetrahydro)- pyrano[2, 3-d] pyrimidin-2, 4-diones (or 2-thioxo-4-ones) (3a-h) have been synthesized in one-step by cyclocondensation of barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid (1) with arylideneacetophenones (2a-d), in glacial acetic acid in the presence of phosphorous pentoxide. The structures of the compounds 3a-h have been determined by UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectral data and elemental analyses. The compounds 3a-h do not seem to be available in the literatureBangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(2), 129-138, 2016
Numerical analysis of MHD free convection boundary layer flow of heat and mass transfer in case of air and water
Authors: Ali M , Alam MS , Alim MA
Published: June 2016

The present work has been studied the effect of various parameters on MHD boundary layer flow of heat and mass transfer in case of air and water. The governing partial differential equations are transformed to higher order ordinary differential equations by using similarity transform. This coupled ordinary differential equations are performed by shooting iteration technique along with Runge-Kutta integration scheme. The effects of various parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are discussed numerically and shown graphically. Therefore, the results of velocity field decreases for increasing values of magnetic parameter and chemical reaction parameter in case air and salt water but increases for Grashof number and modified Grashof number. The temperature field decreases in the presence of magnetic parameter but significant increasing effect for chemical reaction parameter, Grashof number and modified Grashof number in case of air and salt water. Also, the concentration profile is slightly increased for increasing the values of magnetic parameter and slightly decreased for Grashof number and modified Grashof number but significant decreasing effect are observed for reaction parameter. Finally, the numerical values of the shear stress, rate of temperature and rate of concentration are also shown in a tabular formBangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(2), 139-146, 2016