bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La cooperación mediante proyectos concertados de innovación. Estudio de casos en el Sistema Regional de Innovación (ISR) de Coahuila
Authors: Armenteros Acosta María del Carmen , Reyna García Gabriela M. , Rodríguez Luna Simón Ernesto , González Espinosa Yarendi
Published: February 2021

La innovación es una actividad estratégica para la competitividad y el desarrollo regional que ha acrecentado la importancia de la colaboración y la cooperación entre diferentes agentes sociales para la complementariedad científico-técnica y de costo-financiamiento, en particular para las Pymes. El objetivo es analizar los proyectos con apoyo financiero externos desarrollados en las Pymes innovadoras del estado de Coahuila en el periodo 2010-2012. Se indagó de forma empírica a grupo de Pymes innovadoras mediante entrevistas a directivos, utilizando indicadores sobre la innovación y colaboración en investigaciones previas. Se describen las características y obstáculos de la cooperación en el campo de la innovación. Se concluyó qué el nivel de intensidad de la innovación de las Pymes es medio-bajo, y aunque existe un bajo nivel de colaboración entre los agentes sociales en la región, los proyectos concertados han tenido un efecto positivo en el aumento de la cooperación.
La gestión empresarial femenina en pequeñas empresas del giro industrial
Authors: Aguilar Morales Norma , Sandoval Caraveo María del Carmen , Surdez Pérez Edith Georgina
Published: February 2021

Las mujeres han estado presentes siempre en la economía de todas las sociedades, sin embargo, también han sido objeto de discriminación en el campo laboral y empresarial. La mayoría de las veces tiende a comparárseles con sus congéneres masculinos, quedando casi siempre en desventaja, más que nada por razones de índole cultural. El presente trabajo es resultado de un proyecto de investigación llevado a cabo con empresarias de pequeñas empresas del sector industrial manufacturero en la ciudad de Villahermosa, Tabasco, México, cuyo objetivo fue conocer los estilos de gestión empresarial de las participantes. El estudio es de corte cualitativo, la técnica empleada fue la entrevista semiestructurada, y el instrumento fue un cuestionario de preguntas guía de elaboración propia. Se presentan los resultados del análisis de tres entrevistas donde pudieron observarse coincidencias de las tres empresarias en lo referente a la falta de profesionalización en su estilo de gestión.
Análisis de los factores que impiden a la proveeduría local su incursión en la industria maquiladora sector electrónico en Tijuana, Baja California, México
Authors: Solís Quinteros María Marcela , Vega López Alfonso , Flores Ortiz María Virginia
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar los factores que impiden a la proveeduría local mexicana tener mayor incursión en la industria maquiladora de exportación sector electrónico en Tijuana, Baja California, México. La metodología de investigación consistió en entrevistas a profundidad a los responsables de compras de diez empresas maquiladoras consideradas como las más exitosas, así como la aplicación de una encuesta a 40 empresas maquiladoras. Con los resultados obtenidos se creará un diagnóstico de los factores actuales que inciden en la baja contratación de proveeduría local mexicana por parte de la industria maquiladora sector electrónico en Tijuana, B.C. Se propone aportar información necesaria que podrá ser de utilidad a las asociaciones industriales y ayuntamiento del estado para toma de decisiones que puedan contribuir a incrementar el suministro de la proveeduría local a las grandes empresas.
Rasgos de personalidad de escolares adolescentes en entorno conflictivo
Authors: Vera-Delgado Montserrat Guadalupe , Márquez-Gamiño Sergio , Caudillo-Cisneros Cipriana , Sotelo-Barroso Fernando , Cordova-de los Santos Víctor , Vera-Delgado Karla Susana
Published: February 2021

La adolescencia, periodo de transición entre infancia y madurez, presenta cambios físicos y psicológicos al adquirir un rol social nuevo. Varios fenómenos epidemiológicos afectan la transición. No existen en México estudios que investiguen sistemáticamente rasgos de personalidad adolescente. Es importante identificar oportunamente rasgos, sustratos potenciales para conductas de riesgo social.  El presente trabajo caracterizó rasgos de personalidad en adolescentes de entornos conflictivos. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio, transversal y prospectivo mediante aplicación del MMPI-A, el BETA-III y un cuestionario demográfico en sesión colectiva única a adolescentes estudiantes de secundaria n =  24; 45.8% mujeres y 54.2% hombres; x = 15 ± 0.5 años. Hipocondriasis (Hs) e Histeria (Hi) mostraron puntuaciones T elevadas en más del 50% de participantes; puntuaciones T bajas predominaron en escalas de contenido. Las escalas con puntajes altos se ligan a transgresión, desorden de estrés postraumático y desórdenes alimentarios, aunque, sin ser contundentes, podrían representar un substrato para interacciones sociales conflictivas.
Efecto ototóxico de n-hexano y etilbenceno en personas con exposición laboral a mezclas de compuestos orgánicos volátiles (COV)
Authors: Ruiz-García Liliana Karina , Márquez Gamiño Sergio , Jiménez-Garza Octavio , Carrieri Mariella
Published: February 2021

Algunos compuestos orgánicos volátiles (COV) en exposiciones laborales o experimentales han mostrado potencial ototóxico. El objetivo es evaluar signos preclínicos de ototoxicidad en personas con exposición laboral a mezclas de COV. Se evaluó la función auditiva mediante potenciales evocados auditivos del tallo encefálico. Se midieron también los niveles individuales de exposición a COV y sus metabolitos urinarios en personas expuestas y no expuestas a COV. Se obtuvo como resultado que los tiempos de latencia media de la onda V a 70 decibeles y los intervalos I-V y I-III fueron mayores en personas expuestas (p < 0.01;  p = 0.01 y p = 0.02, respectivamente). Se encontró correlación positiva entre niveles de exposición a n-hexano y el intervalo I-III (r = 0.62, p = 0.02); para los niveles de etilbenceno también se encontró tendencia a la correlación positiva (r = 0.54, p = 0.05). Estos resultados indican daño central en la vía auditiva, secundario a la exposición a etilbenceno y n- hexano en personas expuestas a mezclas de COV.
Perfil clínico y fármaco-terapéutico de la población con epilepsia parcial en edad pediátrica del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP)
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Ofelia , Aguilar Quintana Alejandro , Carmona Aparicio Liliana , Ruiz García Matilde , Polanco Melo Yaneris Cesarina , Ortega Setién Darío , González-García María Carolina , Trujillo Jiménez Francisca
Published: February 2021

La epilepsia es un trastorno neurológico que se manifiesta en crisis parciales hasta en un 60%. Esta neuropatía es de alta prevalencia en edad pediátrica, y no existe información actualizada de la epilepsia parcial del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP). El objetivo es describir las características demográficas, clínicas y terapéuticas de los pacientes con epilepsia parcial del INP (1 de enero de 2010 al 31 de diciembre de 2012). Se diseñó un formato y una base de datos para la recolección, captura y verificación de los datos. El resultado fue, 149 pacientes epilépticos, el 80.9% presentó crisis parciales, de predominio del sexo masculino (52%), de etiología sintomática (52%), con hipoxia y pre-término como antecedentes clínicos. El 59.9% presentó desarrollo psicomotor anormal. La terapia predominante fue la monoterapia, y el ácido valproico el fármaco más usado solo y en combinación. Se concluye que el perfil clínico-terapéutico del paciente pediátrico con epilepsia parcial permite determinar las necesidades de esta población, establecer parámetros de aquellos factores de asociación y pronóstico para un mejor manejo terapéutico.
Building Argumentation Skills in the Biology Classroom
Authors: Homburger Sheila A. , Drits-Esser Dina , Malone Molly , Stark Louisa A.
Published: February 2021

Arguing from evidence is one of eight key science practices in which students should engage. It is an essential component of science, yet students have difficulties with this practice. We describe a scaffolded claims-evidence-reasoning (CER) argumentation framework that is embedded within a new eight-week, freely available curriculum unit developed by the Genetic Science Learning Center – Evolution: DNA and the Unity of Life. The scaffold provides high school students with practice in both developing and evaluating written arguments. It is designed to incrementally build student skill week-by-week, starting with an introduction to the CER components of an argument, and ending with students evaluating data and constructing a supported written argument. We also present evaluation findings from field testing the argumentation scaffold in the context of the complete Evolution unit in dozens of classrooms. And we discuss how this integrated, scaffolded approach to argumentation influenced both student and teacher learning.
Teaching Evolutionary Concepts in Elementary School
Authors: Grether Gregory F. , Chock Rachel Y. , Cowen Madeline C. , De La Cruz-Sevilla Josue S. , Drake Taylor N. , Lum Krista S. , Ovakimyan Andrew , Sood Sheela R. , Tang Wei , Whitney Katherine A. , Yang Mike Z.
Published: February 2021

Charles Darwin would be pleased to know that elementary school children in states that have adopted the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) are expected to demonstrate their understanding of several core evolutionary concepts, including trait variation and inheritance, fossils and extinct organisms, common ancestry, natural selection, and adaptation. However, he might also wonder how this is accomplished in the demanding 21st-century science curriculum. In files linked to this article, we provide four lesson plans – with engaging examples, natural selection games, and other interactive activities – that were designed to cover the NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas in evolutionary biology for grades 3–5, in two one-hour lessons. The lesson plans were developed by college students under the guidance of evolutionary biologists and in consultation with elementary school teachers, and then field tested in elementary school classrooms, as described in an accompanying research article.
Origin of Life
Authors: Sousa Cristina
Published: February 2021

The origin of life is one of the most interesting and challenging questions in biology. This article discusses relevant contemporary theories and hypotheses about the origin of life, recent scientific evidence supporting them, and the main contributions of several scientists of different nationalities and specialties in different disciplines. Also discussed are several ideas about the characteristics of the most recent common ancestor, also called the “last universal common ancestor” (or LUCA), including cellular status (unicellular or community) and homogeneity level.
What John Scopes Told His Family & Friends about His Trial
Authors: Moore Randy
Published: February 2021

Although John Scopes and his famous “Monkey Trial” strongly influenced the ongoing evolution-creationism controversy, relatively little is known about Scopes’s post-trial life. Moreover, many questions about his trial remain unanswered (e.g., did he actually teach evolution in Dayton?). This paper answers these questions with new information from a previously ignored source – his family and friends.
DIAGNOSIS OF THREADED JOINTS USING ACOUSTIC WAVES
Authors:   Donbass State Engineering Academy, Kovalevskyy S. , Kovalevska O. ,   Donbass State Engineering Academy, Yevdovska H. ,   Donbass State Engineering Academy
Published: February 2021

The paper deals with modern methods of acoustic diagnostics of parts. Using of acoustic waves in the diagnosis of threaded connections makes it possible to inspect assemblies, bolted connections during assembly, as well as to almost instantly to identify defective products, incorrect dimensions and other factors of rejection based on the acoustic frequency response. With a large variety of threaded parts, a significant variation in pitch and diametrical dimensions, the use of acoustic waves represents a new innovative approach to non-destructive testing of units in the assembly of mechanical engineering products. Purpose: Development of an algorithm for diagnostics of threaded connections when assembling units using acoustic waves. To control the details of the node, an acoustic method was used to take the frequency response with the construction of a neural network. To create a neural network, all dimensions of the parts were measured, acoustic diagnostics were carried out to remove frequency characteristics, and the obtained data were entered into the NeuroPro program. To obtain the frequency characteristics of the nodes, a device with two sensors was used. One of them worked for reception, the second sent a constant signal at the frequency of white noise. Each bolt assembly was modified by screwing the bolts to the nut 10º. The measurement was carried out with screwing the bolts in the positions: 0º, 10º, 20º. Using a neural network, data on the degree of tightening of the bolts of the node were obtained and divided into categories. The most significant of them have been identified. The experiment showed that it is enough to have 2 frequency filters in order to determine the dimensions with an accuracy of 0.03 mm. Building a neural network of parts and a prefabricated unit will allow to almost instantly identifying defective products, incorrect dimensions and other factors of rejection based on the acoustic frequency response. This technique can be used to control units, bolted connections during assembly.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEVER-VAN SHOCK ABSORBER WITH THE HINGE-LEVER CONTROL MECHANISM
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Sidorenko І. , Prokopovych І. ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Korolkova M. ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Dmitrieva S. ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Kovban S. ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University
Published: February 2021

The article presents a fundamentally new example of a passive lever-blade shock absorber with an articulated lever mechanism for controlling its operating characteristic, the use of which is effective as part of the torsion bar suspension of a tracked vehicle. The efficiency of the presented device is significantly increased by scientifically substantiated expansion of its mechanical structure with an additional controlling mechanical structure in the form of a pivot-lever mechanism. The developed structural scheme and the corresponding generalized mathematical model of the proposed device are presented. Based on the developed generalized mathematical model, analytical studies have been carried out, on the basis of which mathematical expressions have been obtained that describe the functional interaction between the constituent elements of the proposed lever-blade damper and their influence on the type of working characteristics that is realized in this case. A comparative analysis of the obtained performance with the performance that can be implemented using existing lever-blade shock absorbers is carried out. It was found that the proposed device is able to realize working characteristics that cannot be realized using known samples of passive lever-blade and lever-piston shock absorbers. The basic geometric parameters of both the main mechanical structure of the proposed device and the additional mechanical control structure, the variation of which allows reproducing the target (needed under certain conditions) working characteristics, are highlighted and substantiated. The directions and prospects of further research are given, which make it possible to increase the efficiency of the lever-paddle shock absorber with the articulated-lever control mechanism.
SIMULATION MODELING OF ADAPTIVE ROUTING UNDER EXTERNAL DESTROYING EFFECTS IN NGN NETWORKS
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Tigarev V. , Shvahirev P. ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Lopakov O. ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Kosmachevskiy V. ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Barchanova Y. ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University
Published: February 2021

Modern subscribers of infocommunication services require a wide class of different services and applications, implying a wide variety of protocols, technologies and transmission rates. Networks are overloaded in the prevailing situation in the market of infocommunication services: they are overflowing with numerous customer interfaces, network layers and are controlled by too many control systems. High operating costs are pushing operators to look for solutions that simplify the operation, while maintaining the possibility of creating new services and ensuring the stability of existing sources of income from the provision of communication services. The NGN concept is the concept of building next-generation communication networks (Next-generation network), providing an unlimited set of services with flexible settings for their management, personalization, creation of new services through the unification of network solutions. Multiservice network is a communication network that is built in accordance with the NGN concept and provides an unlimited set of infocommunication services (VoIP, Internet, VPN, IPTV, VoD, etc.). An NGN is a packet-switched network suitable for the provision of telecommunication services and for the use of multiple broadband transport technologies with QoS enabled, in which the service-related functions are independent of the applied transport technologies. The main feature of NGN networks is the differentiation between services and transport technologies. This allows to view the network as a logically divided entity. Each layer of the network can evolve independently without affecting other layers. Inter-layer communication is based on open interfaces. The logical separation principle allows the provision of both existing and innovative services access technologies regardless of the used transport. The basic principle of the NGN concept is to separate from each other transfer and switch functions, call control functions and service control functions.
DEVELOPMENT OF SUBSYSTEM SOFTWARE FOR RESEARCH OF EXPERIMENTAL CONSTRUCTIONS FOR THE FEMUR REINFORCING
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Prokopovich І. , Savelyeva O. ,   South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky, Starushkevych T. ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University
Published: February 2021

Bone reinforcement is one of the most effective surgical interventions. In addition, development, improvement and production of implants aimed at creating high quality, reliable structures that can retain their functional properties for a long time. One of the most important stages in the development and design of implantable power structures is the biomechanical justification of their performance and reliability. The article presents the development and testing of a software subsystem for the study of experimental structures for preventive reinforcement of the femur, as well as the study of the peculiarities of the creation of such systems. The design subsystem, which is proposed in the article, is an auxiliary module for Ansys software, written in the Python programming language in the PyScripter environment. It allows you to build a qualitative picture of the stress-strain state in a selected volume of the femoral neck, to refine the grid of finite elements and set boundary conditions, which in turn used for mathematical calculation of the stress state. The study includes the calculation of stress states in the intact bilayer bone to identify critical points of onset of destruction of the cortical layer of bone. The created calculation module facilitates interaction with the software, allowing specifying more precisely necessary conditions of carrying out experiment. Based on the results obtained during the experiments, we can conclude about the usefulness of using both the created module and the created models. The results of the numerical experiment show better characteristics of the reinforced bone in contrast to the intact.
ПРОБЛЕМИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЗАКОНОДАВСТВА У СФЕРІ ФІЗИЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ ТА СПОРТУ
Authors: Корольова Марина
Published: February 2021

Мета: охарактеризувати з позиції системного підходу проблеми застосування законодавства у сфері фізичної культури та спорту у сучасних умовах функціонування та запропонувати шляхи їх вирішення.

Матеріал і методи: для розв'язання поставлених завдань дослідження використовувався комплекс теоретичних методів: аналіз, порівняння, узагальнення, систематизація літературних джерел та документальних матеріалів, метод історизму, метод системного підходу.

Результати: проаналізовано систему спортивного законодавства в Україні, виявлено ряд проблем, зокрема: недосконалість системи взаємовідносин між державою та іншими суб’єктами сфери фізичної культури і спорту, невирішеність багатьох питань правового регулювання професійного спорту, неврегульованість на законодавчому рівні відносин меценатства та інвестицій у сфері фізичної культури і спорту та ін. Проаналізовано французький досвід кодифікації спортивного законодавства у контексті розробки пропозицій для вдосконалення спортивного законодавства України.

Висновки: наявність вище зазначених проблем у діючій системі спортивного законодавства України об'єктивно підтверджує необхідність систематизації спортивного законодавства, що забезпечить вирішення завдань державної політики щодо підвищення статусу сфери фізичної культури та спорту, ясності правозастосування, успішного розвитку галузі законодавства й спортивного права.

Ключові слова: законодавство, сфера фізичної культури та спорту, систематизація, кодифікація, спортивне право.
ПОКАЗНИКИ ФІЗИЧНОЇ ТА ВІЙСЬКОВО-ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВЛЕНОСТІ КУРСАНТІВ ФАКУЛЬТЕТУ ПРОТИПОВІТРЯНОЇ ОБОРОНИ СУХОПУТНИХ ВІЙСЬК ХНУПС ІМ. І. КОЖЕДУБА
Authors: Перевозник Володимир , Паєвський Володимир , Максимова Катерина
Published: February 2021

Мета: визначити динаміку показників фізичної та військово-професійної підготовленості курсантів факультету Протиповітряної оборони Сухопутних військ (ППО СВ) ХНУПС ім. І. Кожедуба.

Матеріал і методи: теоретичний аналіз науково-методичної літератури, педагогічне тестування, методи математичної статистики.

Результати: визначена динаміка показників фізичної та військово-професійної підготовленості курсантів факультету ППО СВ ХНУПС ім. І. Кожедуба. За час експериментального періоду, який тривав один (2019-2020) навчальний рік, у якому брали участь курсанти третього курсу факультету ППО СВ відбулося поліпшення середніх результатів за тестами, що характеризує швидкість рухів, витривалість, швидкісно-силові здібності і власне силові здібності. Підвищення рівня фізичної підготовленості сприяло підвищенню рівня військово-професійної підготовленості курсантів. У результаті кореляційного аналізу виявлено взаємозв’язок надійності у діях курсантів в умовах навчань з рівнем розвитку різних сторін фізичної підготовленості.

Висновки: отримана динаміка кількісних показників фізичної та військово-професійної підготовленості курсантів та здійснений кореляційний аналіз даних, що дає підставу для корегування навчального процесу курсантів факультету ППО СВ у напрямку удосконалення фізичної підготовки з урахуванням військово-професійної діяльності.

Ключові слова: курсанти, фізична підготовленість, військово-професійна підготовленість, показники.
ОПЕРАТИВНІ МЕТОДИ ОЦІНКИ ПОТОЧНОГО ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО СТАНУ СПОРТСМЕНА В СИСТЕМІ ТРЕНУВАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ
Authors: Пугач Ярославна , Пащенко Наталія , Ляхова Тамара
Published: February 2021

Мета: розробити метод індивідуальної оцінки поточного функціонального стану в організації тренувального процесу.

Матеріал і методи: використовувалися такі методи: аналіз і узагальнення науково-методичної літератури; узагальнення досвіду практичної роботи тренерського контингенту, що працює з контингентом груп спортивного вдосконалення в баскетболі; методи математичного моделювання і обробки відеоматеріалів спортивних змагань різного рівня з баскетболу; модернізована методика ортостатичної проби Н. Тесленко - проба «сидячи-стоячи».

Результати: індивідуальний метод оцінки функціонального стану в процесі проведення тренувального заняття дозволяє визначити міру його працездатності і готовності спортсмена до навантажень, що йому пред'являються. Практично розроблений метод дає можливість в реальному масштабі часу вести контроль за станом розвитку стомлення, оцінюючи тим самим рівень працездатності і давати об'єктивні оцінки індивідуальної витривалості. Слід зазначити, що модифікований метод ортостатичної проби Н. Тесленко при використанні сучасної комп'ютерної техніки дозволяє передавати на будь-якій відстані отриману інформацію і контролювати стан організму спортсмена, не обмежуючи його рухову діяльність.

Висновки: розроблений метод модифікованої ортостатичної проби Н. Тесленко дозволяє здійснювати ранню діагностику розвитку втоми, що попереджає таке явище як перевтома.

Ключові слова: втома, модифікована ортостатична проба Н. Тесленко, оцінка витривалості, оптимізація фізичного навантаження.
Probabilistic Safety Analysis and Risk-Based Inspection of nuclear research reactors: state-of-the-art and implementation proposal
Authors: Marques Raíssa Oliveira , Vasconcelos Vanderley , Soares Wellington Antonio , Silva Júnior Silvério Ferreira , Raso Amanda Laureano , Mesquita Amir Zacarias
Published: February 2021

Industrial facilities systems deteriorate over time, thus increasing the possibility of accidents. Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) classifies such systems by their risk information with the purpose of prioritizing inspection efforts. RBI can reduce inspection activities, resulting in lower risk levels, and maintaining reliability and safety in acceptable levels. Risk-Informed In-Service Inspection (RI-ISI) is a RBI approach used in nuclear industry. RI-ISI uses outcomes from Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA) of Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) to plan In-Service Inspections (ISI). Despite nuclear research reactors are simpler and have lower risks than power reactors, the application of PSA to them may be useful for safety improvements once they are more flexible, provide easier access to its core and allow changes in fuel configurations. Ageing management of components is also required to assure continued adequacy of safety levels, reliable operation, and compliance with operational limits and conditions. This includes periodic review of ISI programs in which monitoring of material deterioration is considered, and that can be supported by the RBI approach. A review of state-of-the-art of PSA and RBI and an implementation proposal applied to nuclear research reactors is presented in this work, as well as its application to a TRIGA reactor using computer codes developed by ReliaSoft® Corporation.
Performance of an extrapolation chamber in computed tomography standard beams
Authors: Castro Maysa Costa , Silva Natállia Fiorini , Caldas Linda Viola Ehlin
Published: February 2021

Among the medical uses of ionizing radiations, the computed tomography (CT) diagnostic exams are responsible for the highest dose values to the patients. The dosimetry procedure in CT scanner beams makes use of pencil ionization chambers with sensitive volume lengths of 10 cm. The aim of its calibration is to compare the values that are obtained with the instrument to be calibrated and a standard reference system. However, there is no primary standard system for this kind of radiation beam. Therefore, an extrapolation ionization chamber, built at the Calibration Laboratory (LCI), was used to establish a CT primary standard. The objective of this work was to perform some characterization tests (short- and medium-term stabilities, saturation curve, polarity effect and ion collection efficiency) in the standard X-ray beams established for computed tomography at the LCI.
Remarkable improvement and weight reduction in obese diabetic patient by continuation of super low carbohydrate diet (LCD)
Authors: Bando Hiroshi
Published: February 2021

The case was 39-year old female patient with T2DM (BMI 33.3). She had a strong hope to receive Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), but she could not take the operation of LSG because of severe diabetic control (HbA1c 11.4%). She was treated with 5 kinds of diabetic medicine such as, Exenatide, Alogliptin, Metformin, Mitiglinide and Miglitol. She continued LCD successfully, with the improvement of HbA1c 10.8 % to 6.3% and weight reduction 83.2 kg to 66.6 kg. At 7 months, medicine was only Metformin. In our activity of Japan LCD Promotion Association (JLCDPA), super-LCD has been effective with 12% of carbohydrate.
Outcomes variation in weight and resolution of obesity co-morbidities between five bariatric operations
Authors: Finley Christopher
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Several bariatric operations are utilized to treat the growing obesity epidemic. The goal of this study was to identify variations in post-operative weight loss and obesity-related co-morbidities between the most commonly performed weight loss operations. Methods: Data from 166,601 patients in the Surgical Review Corporation’s Bariatric Outcomes Longitudinal Database (BOLD) who underwent Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB, n=67,514), Bilio-Pancreatic Diversion/Duodenal Switch (BPD/DS, n=1,673), laparoscopic (LRYGB, n=83,059) and open (RYGB, n=5,389) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG, n=8966 ) was analyzed at baseline, and at 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-operatively. Weight, BMI, and 29 weight related medical conditions were analyzed. Statistics: Continuous variables were analyzed using ANOVA with treatment in the model. General Linear Models included baseline and post-operative data, modified for binomial distribution of dichotomous variables. Results: BPD/DS patients had the lowest weight at 24 months and highest resolution of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and asthma, but most increase in cholelithiasis, liver disease, abdominal hernias, and psychological disorders. LRYGB best treated GERD and somatic disorders. OSA and gout resolved most after SG. LAGB was least effective in weight loss and co-morbidity resolution, but least likely to develop post-op liver disease, cholelithiasis, abdominal hernias, and symptomatic abdominal skin. Conclusions: Post-operative weight loss and rates of obesity-related co-morbidities vary between LAGB, BPD/DS, RYGB, LRYGB, and SG. Knowledge of these differences can help guide the pre-operative evaluation of obese patients presenting for weight loss surgery
Reversing type 2 diabetes: journal review and a case study
Authors: Singh Ruchi
Published: February 2021

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has for quite some time been recognized as a serious interminable malady dependent on conventional methods for treatment. Exploration currently exists that proposes reversal is conceivable through different implies that have as of late been grasped in the rules. This account audit looks at the proof for T2D reversal utilizing every one of the three strategies, including points of interest and constraints for each. Techniques: A research was performed, and an aggregate of unique articles containing data relating to diabetes reversal or abatement were incorporated. Results: Evidence exists that T2D reversal is attainable utilizing bariatric medical procedure, low-calorie nutrient dense and moderate protein diet (LCNP), or starch limitation (LC). Bariatric medical procedure has been suggested for the therapy of T2D since 2016 by a global diabetes agreement gathering. Both the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) presently suggest a LC eating example and backing the momentary utilization of LCNP for weight reduction. Nonetheless, just T2D treatment, not reversal, is talked about in their rules. End: Given the condition of proof for T2D reversal, medical services suppliers should be taught on reversal choices so they can effectively take part in guiding patients who may want this way to deal with their sickness
A case series and review on pediatric thyroid nodules
Authors: Sukumaran Anju , Kumar Valiparambil B Praveen
Published: February 2021

Thyroid nodules have a higher risk of malignancy in children and hence need close monitoring. Primary care providers often obtain the initial thyroid work up. Once there patients are referred to specialists, primary providers are unsure about subsequent management and follow up. We present here three cases of thyroid nodules with different initial presentation, diagnosis and management. This article provides a good brief summary about thyroid nodule and reiterates the importance of long term follow up of these patients by primary care provider and endocrinologists.
Video thoracoscopic treatment of pectus excavatum with the minimally invasive technique nuss
Authors: Polliotto Sergio
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The pectus excavatum is a mmon malformation of the anterior wall of the thorax, characterized by a depression of the sternum and impaired sternal condro joints. In most cases, congenital in origin and evolution. Reaches its greatest deformity in adolescence. For many surgical treatment techniques involving extensive resections of costal cartilages and mobilization of the sternum were used. In 1998 Donald Nuss describes a technique where video thoracoscopic introduces a sternal retro metal bar, which is inserted through a small incision on each side of the chest wall, malformation running without resection of costal cartilages or section and / or and/or sternal mobilization. Goals: To report our experience in two surgical centers, for pectus excavatum the treatment with the technique of video thoracoscopic Nuss. Work retrospective, descriptive. Materials and methods: Work retrospective, descriptive. From December 2015 to December 2019 surgically treat pectus excavatum 72 patients using the technique video thoracoscopic Nuss. Results: 63 males and 9 females. The age range at the time of surgery was 7 to 18 years (mean 15.7). Six patients older than 18 years were excluded from the sample. The average rate for Haller in this population was 4.1. All patients got a metal bar sternal retro video thoracoscopic under control, side stabilizers were placed in all patients (65 bilateral and 7 unilateral). Epidural catheter was placed for postoperative analgesic analgesia management in 100% of cases. The average operating time was 94 min. (70-110 min). Intra-operative difficulties: one bar too high had to reposition itself in the same surgical procedure, the mean average hospitalization was 9.7 days (5 -27 days). Post operative complications: The most common early complication was pneumothorax self-limiting in patients 11 (15.2%). The most severe complication was purulent pneumonia with effusion and pleural drainage needed toilette video thoracoscopy 1 (1.3%). Three patients (4.1%) had granulomas wound. Late migration of the bar that was surgically corrected with good outcome. In 65 (90%) patients, the results were very good and good; 5 (6.9%) regular and 2 (2.7%) bad due to the presence of asymmetry chest. Conclusions: Thoracoscopic technique video Nuss is safe, effective and reproducible for the treatment of patients with pectus excavatum. Parietal approach a minimum and low morbidity. The aesthetic results are very satisfactory.
Maternal anaemia and pregnancy outcome: a descriptive study in rural areas of Kamrup District, Assam
Authors: Biswas Moushumi , Baruah Rupali
Published: February 2021

Background: The relationship between iron deficiency anaemia and low-birth-weight babies during pregnancy remains significant. Low birth weight babies are an increasing risk affecting infant mortality and poor developmental abilities is a rising concern. We aimed to identify the changes in hemoglobin level during pregnancy and study their impact on birth outcomes. This study aimed also to investigate and compare the prevalence of anaemic and non anaemic pregnant women in Boko Bongaon block, Assam in relation to maternal, antenatal and birth-associated factors. Subject/Methods: The study setting is in a rural area of Boko-Bongaon, Kamrup situated 85km away from Guwahati city. The Study design is a community based cross-sectional study done during the period from August 2012 to July 2013. A total of 160 pregnant women were selected by simple random sampling and data collected by house to house visit. Interview was conducted with the use of Predesigned, Pretested structured schedule. Results: We analysed deliveries of 160 pregnant women of which 156 were full term births and 4 still births. There was a statistical significant association between anaemia and birth weight of the babies. Anaemia (Hb<11g/dl), was prevalent in 86% of women, but was not significantly related to the birth outcomes. Conclusion: The present study highlights the importance of regular monitoring of haemoglobin level at intervals during pregnancy to prevent anaemia. Future studies should explore other related risk factors and the reasons for poor birth outcomes in mothers in this population, to inform the design of appropriate public health policies that address this issue
Systemic lupus erythematosus and preconception care
Authors: Kaur Brinderjeet
Published: February 2021

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that predominately affects women of reproductive age group. Pregnancy and its outcome are a major concern to most of the SLE patients. Concerns of the risk of disease flare during pregnancy and chances of fetal loss, adverse outcome to fetus and safety of the drugs used are to be addressed. The article emphasis the requirement and importance of pre pregnancy counseling in optimizing the maternal and fetal outcome in lupus pregnancy.
Diabetic nephropathy is a risk factor for audio-vestibular system
Authors: Mohamed Rafeek , Mahmoud Samy Hesham , Ahmed Shaarawy Mohamed , Nashaat Moustafa Kholoud
Published: February 2021

Objective: There is evidence that both inner ear and kidney tissue are immunological, biochemically and functionally related. Accordingly, this study was conducted to explore, if there is possible damage of the ear associated with diabetic nephropathy. This may help in early diagnosis and early management of hearing problem and the vestibular problem which is a leading cause of fall and death especially in the geriatric population. Study design: Prospective study. Methods: All participants subjected to the following, thorough history of audio-vestibular symptoms, otoscopic examination, and basic audiological evaluation. Advanced audiological evaluation in the form of extended high frequency assessment. Distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) & auditory brainstem response (ABR). Vestibular assessment in the form of vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) and caloric test. Results: The vestibular system more resistant to diabetes than the auditory system as the only affected part in this research is the inferior vestibular division while the superior division was not affected. Conclusion: The audio-vestibular system was affected in patients with diabetic nephropathy more than the other diabetic patients and the vestibular system more resistant to diabetes than the auditory system. Screening of patients with diabetic nephropathy with a rapid test with minimal time consuming as OAE and cVEMP will help in early detection, early management of any affection of the audio-vestibular system and hence may aid in the prevention of imbalance, falls and death.
Audiological outcomes utilizing a transcutaneous ossseointegrated implant system in pediatric patients
Authors: Vaughan Christensen Lisa , Reed Kristi , Smith Olinde Laura
Published: February 2021

Background: Percutaneous bone conduction hearing aids have proven to be audiometrically successful, but too often result in soft tissue issues at the abutment site. To counter this possibility, a magnetized, transcutaneous bone conduction hearing aid has been developed, the Baha Attract®. However, only limited research exists to demonstrate efficacy and verification measures of the Baha Attract® System. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate audiologic outcomes when using the Baha Attract® magnetic osseointegrated system in pediatric patients by measuring functional gain and post-implant user satisfaction with the Children’s Home Inventory for Listening Difficulties (CHILD) scale. Research design: The authors used a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients implanted with the Attract® System from 2014 to 2017 at Cook Children's Medical Center located in Fort Worth, Texas. Study sample: One ear of fourteen pediatric patients aged 5 to 18 years with bilateral or unilateral conductive hearing loss implanted unilaterally (13 children) or bilaterally (1 child, 1 ear randomly chosen for inclusion) with the Cochlear Baha Attract® System. Data collection and analysis: Aided and unaided thresholds were collected for 14 patients. Effective gain testing occurred approximately three months after the initial fitting appointment. Additionally, results of the CHILD survey were collected from seven of these children. A 2-factor analysis of variance test was used to examine the audiometric data, descriptive statistics were employed for the CHILD scores and correlations were run between CHILD scores and 1) overall functional gain, 2) frequency-specific functional gain and 3) age. Results: Participants in this study showed a statistically significant improvement in bone conduction thresholds at 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz when using the Baha Attract® System compared to the unaided condition. CHILD survey results showed a mean score of 6.5 and median score of 7 on a scale of 8. Correlation R values ranged from 0.14 to 0.79. Conclusion: For these children with conductive losses, a transcutaneous, magnetic osseointegrated hearing implant is a viable treatment option that provides significant audiometric functional gain. The CHILD results suggest that the children positively benefit from the implant, and that the perceived benefit may increase with age.
Radiation induced angiosarcoma of the hypopharynx: a rare case report and review of literature
Authors: Darraj Eyad
Published: February 2021

Radiation-induced sarcoma in the head and neck is a long-term rare complication of radiation therapy, with an estimated risk of up to 0.3%. The incidence of these sarcomas is, however, likely to increase due to the progressive aging of the population combined with improved survival in head and neck cancer patients resulting from better treatment regimes. This is a case of post -radiation sarcoma of the hypopharynx radiated for tongue carcinoma previously. This case is reported to high light a rare but devastating complication of radiotherapy that is to be kept in mind during follow up.
Synovial sarcoma of the para pharyngeal space: a case report and literature review
Authors: Chaouki Anass , B Merzouqui , N Zouhair , M Beghdad , R Abada , S Rouadi , M Roubal , M Mahtar
Published: February 2021

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a malignant neoplasm that arises from primitive pluripotential mesenchymal cells . It is a high-grade histological variety of sarcoma and it accounts for 7-10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Head and neck locations represent only 0.7% to 10% of all cases. Primary parapharyngeal synovial sarcoma (PPSS) is rare representing only 0.5% of all tumors of the head and neck region. We describe through a clinical case the clinical, radiological and histological features of PPSS and we discuss its therapeutic management.
Transnasal puncture technique vs endoscopic transnasal choanal atresia repair
Authors: Al-khatib Talal , Hamza Haneef Sara , Ahmed Alhusaini Ola , Abdulaziz Alorainan Nourah , Ali JadKarim Ghofran , Jamal Siddiqui Jihan , Aesh Almahyawi Rawan
Published: February 2021

Aim: to evaluate the outcome of endoscopic technique for treating choanal atresia (CA) cases as well as to compare it with that of transnasal puncture. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed at the Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, KSA during the period between 2010-2017. Results: The type of first operation (endoscopic or transnasal puncture) was shown to have a significant relation to the restenosis rate after the first operation (P=0.02), where initial puncture repair had less restenosis rate. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the two surgical techniques regarding the duration between the first and second operations (p-value=0.064), the required stenting period postoperatively (p-value=0.934), nor the total number of required operations (p-value=0.206). The use of Mitomycin, stents and decongestants had no significant effect on restenosis rate (p-values=0.515, 1.00 and 0.838 respectively). Conclusion: Endoscopic transnasal choanal atresia repair technique did not prove to be superior to older puncture technique. Stenting had no significant effect on repair outcome. Mitomycin C had somewhat a positive effect on prolonging restenosis. We believe that a transoral endoscopic approach might be superior technique to current transnal technique.
Endoscopic approach to the frontal sinus with modified Lothrop technique. Outcomes in a large Argentinean center
Authors: S Ruggeri Carlos , Aragon Sebastian , Laura Cajelli Ana , Principe Lourdes , Martinez Font Agustin , Lijdens Yesica
Published: February 2021

Objectives: To determine the permeability of the frontal drainage obtained by the modified Lothrop surgical technique. Study design: Descriptive and retrospective. Methods: Patients treated with modified Lothrop technique to widening the frontal recess drainage pathway which was obstructed by inflammatory or tumor diseases in the Rhinology section of the Hospital Italiano in Buenos Aires were included between April 2011 and December 2017. Patients with minor permeabilizations were excluded (Draf I-II). Results: 16 patients were treated, 7 women and 9 men, the youngest was 24 and the oldest 90. The average age was 56 years. The etiologies of diseases affecting the frontal sinus were allergic fungal sinusitis (2/16), recurred frontal mucocele with a history of Draf 2 (3/16), recurred frontal mucocele to external surgery with obliteration (1/16), frontal mucocele, nasal polyposis and cystic fibrosis (1/16), previous frontal sinusitis surgery (4/16), frontal mucopioceles (2/16) and malignant tumors originating in the ethmoid and frontal sinus (3/16). An unilateral block drainage of the frontal by mucosal hyperplasia was diagnosed in a patient, caused by her allergic fungal rhinosinusitis 5 years after Lothrop surgery. Moreover the patient was operated again by transnasal approach permeabilizing the frontal sinus. Another patient had a total obstruction of the frontal drainage and was successfully repeated with the same surgical technique. The other patients had permeable frontal drainage and were asymptomatic during the average follow-up of 3.5years. Conclusion: The obtained permeability of the frontal sinus drainage with Lothrop modified technique was 87.50% (14/16). With rescue endonasal assisted surgery, frontal sinus patency was 100%.