bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENYIMPANGAN MAKSIM KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA DALAM KOLOM KOMENTAR AKUN INSTAGRAM @DAGELAN
Authors: Rahman Elinda Nur , Sulistyawati Rr
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menguraikan wujud penggunaan maksim kesantunan berbahasa dan wujud penyimpangan prinsip kesantunan berbahasa pada kolom komentar akun Instagram @dagelan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah komentar masyarakat dalam kolom komentar akun Instagram @dagelan dan data sekunder dalam penelitian ini adalah buku, artikel, jurnal, literature, dan situs di internet yang berkenaan dengan judul penelitian. Teknik analisis data ini menggunakan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh sebanyak 12 tuturan penyimpangan prinsip kesantunan berbahasa yang terbagi menjadi 2 tuturan penggunaan maksim kebijaksanaan, 2 tuturan penggunaan maksim kedermawanan, 2 tuturan penggunaan maksim penghargaan, 2 tuturan penggunaan maksim kesederhanaan, 2 tuturan penggunaan maksim pemufakatan, dan 2 tuturan penggunaan maksim kesimpatian.Kata kunci: maksim kesantunan berbahasa, instagram
MAKNA KEHIDUPAN DALAM LIRIK LAGU PADA ALBUM “MANUSIA” KARYA TULUS: KAJIAN SEMIOTIKA FERDINAN DE SAUSSURE
Authors: Anwar Syifa Fauziah , Dewi Trie Utari
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna kehidupan dalam lirik lagu pada album “Manusia” karya Tulus dengan menguraikan penanda serta petanda yang terdapat di dalamnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggukan pendekatan semiotika Ferdinand De Saussure. Data dalam penelitian ini yaitu lirik lagu mengandung semiotika dalam album “Manusia” karya Tulus yang mencakup Remedi, Nala, Interaksi, Kelana, Jatuh Suka, Ingkar, Satu Kali, Tujuh Belas, Hati-Hati di Jalan dan Diri. Sumber data penelitian ini yaitu album karya Tulus yaitu “Manusia” yang dirilis 3 Maret 2022. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu kajian kepustakaan dengan penghayatan secara langsung terhadap pemahaman makna yang rasional dengan prosedur membaca lirik lagu, menetukan makna kehidupan menggunakan penanda dan petanda yang terdapat dalam lirik lagu pad album “Manusia” karya Tulus, menulis data yang sudah dianalisis, dan membuat simpulan dari hasil penelitian. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis isi untuk menganalisis makna kehidupan yang terdapat dalam lirik lagu pada album “Manusia” karya Tulus. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah makna kehidupan, lirik yang menggambarkan tentang pengalaman melalui pekerjaan dan perbuatan, yang terdapat pada lirik lagu “Satu Kali” dan “Tujuh Belas”, pada makna kehidupan yang dialami dari peristiwa berupa perasaan yang dirasakan terdapat pada lirik lagu dengan judul “Nala” dan “Interaksi” sedangan makna kehidupan yang diambil melalui penderitaan yang dijadikan sebagai pembelajaran terdapat pada lirik lagu berjudul “Hati-hati di Jalan” dan “Diri”.Kata kunci: Lirik Lagu, Makna Kehidupan, Semiotika
IMPLIKATUR PERCAKAPAN SISWA DAN GURU DI SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA (SLB) NEGERI TAMANAGUNG
Authors: Putri Elisa Kurnia , Suaedi Hasan , Mijianti Yerry
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk lingual dan makna dari bentuk implikatur guru dan siswa berkebutuhan khusus di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Negeri Tamanagung. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa percakapan atau tuturan antar guru dan siswa berkebutuhan khusus yang mengandung implikatur. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan teknik simak bebas libat cakap, rekam, dan catat. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data model Miles dan Hubermen. Aktivitas dalam menganalisis data yaitu: reduksi data, penyajian data, dan menarik kesimpulan atau verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian berupa bentuk lingual kalimat pernyataan dan bentuk lingual kalimat perintah. Makna implikatur pada penelitian ini meliputi: meminta, menginformasikan, melaporkan, dan memerintah.Kata kunci: Implikatur, siswa, guru, Sekolah Luar Biasa
BUDAYA GOTONG ROYONG DALAM NOVEL TIBA-TIBA MALAM KARYA PUTU WIJAYA SEBAGAI BAHAN AJAR SASTRA KELAS IX SMP/MTS
Authors: Zahro Fanisa Qorina , Haryanti Novi Diah
Published: March 2024

Masyarakat menganggap budaya sebagai sebuah bentuk ikatan kekerabatan satu sama lain dan membuat mereka bangga hidup dalam sistem kebudayaan tersebut. Salah satu bentuk budaya tersebut adalah gotong royong. Kegiatan gotong royong dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan sebuah kepentingan yang sifatnya berupa kepentingan pribadi atau kepentingan kelompok. Namun, kehadiran budaya gotong royong ternyata tidak selalu memberikan dampak baik. Budaya gotong royong yang mengakar dan mengikat masyarakat justru menjadi sebuah nilai yang harus diberikan interpretasi baru dalam pelaksanaanya yang terlihat dalam novel Tiba-Tiba Malam karya Putu Wijaya. Penelitian ini diharapkan mampu memberikan kontribusi dalam dunia sastra Indonesia dan sebagai media ajar oleh tenaga pendidik dalam proses pembelajaran sastra kelas IX SMP/MTS. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Data dalam penelitian ini yaitu kutipan yang mengandung unsur budaya gotong royong dalam novel Tiba-Tiba Malam karya Putu Wijaya. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah novel Tiba-Tiba Malam karya Putu Wijaya. Novel Tiba-Tiba Malam karya Putu Wijaya yang diterbitkan oleh Kompas pada Januari 2005 edisi cetakan 1 dengan isi novel sebanyak iv + 236 halaman. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik simak dan catat. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa gotong royong tidak hanya sekadar aktivitas yang dilakukan secara bersama-sama. Gotong royong mampu memberikan kontribusi bagi sebuah perubahan. Namun, ternyata pelaksanaan gotong royong yang terlalu mengikat justru menjadi sebuah penghalang bagi anggota masyarakat. Tenaga pendidik memanfaatkan novel Tiba-Tiba Malam karya Putu Wijaya yang mengangkat unsur kebudayaan Indonesia sebagai bahan ajar sastra kelas IX SMP/MTS dalam proses pembentukan karakter.   Kata kunci: Gotong Royong, Novel, Bahan Ajar SMP/MTS
RELASI KUASA PADA TOPONIMI NAMA KOTA BEKASI, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT: ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS MODEL RUTH WODAK
Authors: Anam Ahmad Khoiril , Rasyid Yumna , Anwar Miftahulkhairah
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis secara mendalam dan kritis menggunakan model Ruth Wodak tentang Relasi Kuasa pada Toponimi Kota Bekasi dalam Buku Sejarah Bekasi (Sejak Peradaban Buni Ampe Wayah Gini), karya Endra Kusnawan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Objek penelitian ini mencakup naskah Buku Sejarah Bekasi (Sejak Peradaban Buni Ampe Wayah Gini), karya Endra Kusnawan Bab Toponimi Bekasi. Berdasarkan analisis data, penulis dapat menyimpulkan: Naskah buku Sejarah Bekasi (Sejak Peradaban Buni Ampe Wayah Gini) karya Endra Kusnawan memenuhi unsur spesifikasi topik yang baik; strategi diskursif, strategi rekrutmen, strategi kredibilitas, strategi pendelegasian, strategi dramatisasi, strategi kontroversial; dan relasi kuasa makna-makna kebahasaan. Pada dasarnya, penamaan pada nama Kota Bekasi dari masa ke masa banyak dipengaruhi oleh kaidah-kaidah kebahasaan yang dianut tiap penguasa pada tiap zamannya. Kata kunci: analisis wacana kritis, relasi kuasa, toponimi,
PENGARUH MODEL EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS PERSUASI SISWA KELAS VIII SMP AL-MASYHAD
Authors: Imelia Leni , Humaira Hera Wahdah , Supendi Deden Ahmad
Published: March 2024

Pembelajaran yang bermakna melibatkan pengalaman siswa perlu ditingkatkan, terutama dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia yang tidak hanya belajar pengetahuan saja, melainkan dapat menginterpretasi dan menginternalisasi teks melalui keterampilan menulis siswa. Pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia berbasis teks yang dikaitkan dengan pengalaman nyata melalui penggunaan model experiential learning dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar untuk membantu siswa mengembangkan kemampuan menulis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan model experiential learning terhadap kemampuan menulis siswa kelas VIII SMP Al-Masyhad. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif, selanjutnya peneliti menggunakan jenis eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest-posttest. Penggunaan model experiential learning untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa dapat diketahui dari pelaksanaan pretest dan posttest. Hasil penelitian yaitu nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh dari hasil pretest sebesar 51,97, sedangkan hasil posttest memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 71,45. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji N-gain untuk mengetahui selisih dari nilai pretest posttest yaitu memperoleh N-gain 0,4245 berkategori sedang. Sedangkan untuk pengujian hipotesis membandingkan antara dengan  yaitu diperoleh hasil lebih besar dari  yaitu (15,997 > 2,042), sementara berdasarkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05, maka H0 ditolak. Hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan antara sebelum diberikan perlakuan dan setelah diberikan perlakuan sehingga model experiential learning berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan menulis siswa kelas VIII SMP Al-Masyhad. Kata kunci: experiential learning, kemampuan menulis persuasi
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN APRESIASI PUISI MELALUI E-MODUL MEMAHAMI PUISI BERBASIS HOTS TERINTEGRASI NILAI BELA NEGARA PADA MAHASISWA PRODI SASTRA INDONESIA UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PURWOREJO
Authors: Setyorini Nurul , Kadaryati Kadaryati , Bagiya Bagiya , Jannah Kunti Nur
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan memahami dan mengapresiasi puisi Indonesia oleh mahasiswa sastra Indonesia melalui e-modul puisi berbasis HOTS terintegrasi nilai bela negara. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian ini adalah Mahasiswa Program Studi Sastra Indonesia di Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo.. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan dalam beberapa siklus, di mana setiap siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes pemahaman dan apresiasi puisi Indonesia untuk mengukur kemampuan mahaMahasiswa dalam memahami dan mengapresiasi puisi. Melalui metode penelitian tindakan kelas, peneliti akan dapat mengamati meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman dan apresiasi puisi serta kesadaran bela negara e-modul memahami puisi berbasis HOTS terintegrasi nilai bela negara  yang terintegrasi nilai bela negar. Hasil penelitian bahwa e-modul memahami puisi berbasis HOTS terintegrasi nilai bela negara yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran apresiasi sastra mengalami peningkatan. Pada siklus 1 dan siklus 2 terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar sehingga e-modul memahami puisi berbasis HOTS terintegrasi nilai bela negara efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran apresiasi sastra puisi Indonesia. Kata kunci: Apresiasi Puisi, HOTS, nilai bela negara
GAYA BAHASA RIDWAN KAMIL DI MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM
Authors: Puspitasari Anggun Citra Dini Dwi , Rahmawati Rahmawati
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji gaya bahasa Ridwan Kamil di media sosial Instagram. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, yang menghasilkan data deskriptif dari analisis gaya bahasa Ridwan Kamil di media sosial Instagramnya. Hasil penelitian yang telah peneliti lakukan mengenai gaya bahasa Ridwan Kamil di media sosial Instagram, dari 197 konten yang telah diunggah Ridwan Kamil dalam akun Instagramnya, terhitung dari Januari hingga Mei 2023, terdapat 206 gaya bahasa berdasarkan langsung tidaknya makna yang digunakan Ridwan Kamil. Penggunaan gaya bahasa retoris berjumlah 133 (65%) lebih dominan dibandingkan gaya bahasa kiasan yang berjumlah 73 (35%). Penggunaan gaya bahasa Ridwan Kamil di media sosial Instagram lebih dominan menggunakan gaya bahasa retoris dibandingkan gaya bahasa kiasan. Gaya bahasa retoris terdiri dari 21 gaya bahasa, akan tetapi dalam Instagram Ridwan Kamil hanya ditemukan 13 gaya bahasa retoris, sedangkan untuk gaya bahasa kiasan terdiri dari 16 gaya bahasa, akan tetapi temuan peneliti dalam Instagram Ridwan Kamil hanya menemukan 7 gaya bahasa kiasan.Kata kunci: Gaya Bahasa, Media Sosial, Instagram
KONFLIK BATIN DALAM FILM NGENEST KARYA ERNEST PRAKASA: KAJIAN PSIKOANALISIS SIGMUND FREUD
Authors: Istikawati Istikawati , Pertiwi Rindy Aswin , Saputri Pratiwi Yulia , Nugroho Abdillah
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk (1) mengidentifikasi konflik batin dalam film Ngenest karya Ernest Prakarsa, (2) menguraikan faktor penyebab konflik dalam film Ngenest karya Ernest Prakarsa. Teori untuk menganalisis konflik batin adalah teori psikoanalisis Freud. Metode penelitian yang diimplementasikan yaitu deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data berasal dari film Ngenest karya Ernest Prakarsa. Data penelitian adalah konflik batin dan faktor penyebab terjadinya konflik batin. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui simak dan catat dilakukan dengan berulang-ulang untuk memperoleh suatu data konflik batin. Teknik analisis data berupa menonton serta mendengarkan film ngenest, kemudian menguraikan konflik batin yang dialami tokoh Ernest, Patrick, dan Meira. Selain itu, juga menguraikan faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya konflik. Data yang sudah diperoleh diberikan uraian menurut teori psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud. Hasil penelitian bahwa konflik batin terjadi pada Ernest (tokoh utama), Meira (istri Ernest), dan Patrick (teman Ernest). Ketiga tokoh tersebut mengalami konflik batin berupa kesedihan, kebimbangan, kekecewaan atas diskriminasi yang terjadi dengan dirinya yang berasal dari keturunan Cina. Pada aspek psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud terdapat 3 struktur kepribadian yaitu 3 data id, 6 data ego, dan 4 data super ego. Faktor penyebab konflik dalam film "Ngenest" terjadi karena (1) perbedaan latar kebudayaan, (2) kepentingan antar individu, dan (3) perbedaan antar individu.Kata kunci: Konflik batin, film, psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud
Drug dialysis through a semipermeable membrane as a preliminary efficacy assessment of a promising parasitocidal drug
Authors: Khalikov S. S. , Khalikov M. S. , Kononova E. G. , Ilyin M. M. , Arkhipov I. A. , Varlamova A.  I.
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the research is to analyze the dynamics of fenbendazole (FBZ) and niclozamide (NZM) release from their solid dispersions (SD) of various compositions by dialysis through various semipermeable membranes in model systems that correspond to stomach and intestine environments. To evaluate the parasitocidal activity of experimental mixture compositions.

Materials and methods. The study used substances of FBZ and NZM, and the polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Mechanical processes were carried out in a LE-101 roller mill and an AGO-2 orbital centrifugal mill at different power density levels. The resulting SD of various compositions were studied for solubility. The dynamics of FBZ and NZM substance release from the SD were studied in a laboratory setup consisting of a temperature controlled glass with buffer solutions with pH = 9.18 (intestinal environment) and pH = 1.0 (stomach environment). The substance concentration in the dialysate was determined by HPLC and UV spectroscopy. The resulting complex SD of FBZ and NZM were studied for cestodocidal activity in a laboratory model of hymenolepiosis of white mice.

Results and discussion. It was found that the substances release into a buffer solution with pH = 9.18 from the SD obtained in the roller mill is higher than that of the SD obtained in the AGO activator. The dialysis of the experimental compounds in a model system with a gastric juice medium observed only FBZ substance penetration through the membrane, which can be explained by protonation of the FBZ molecule which is a weak base. The NZM molecule, being a neutral molecule, does not penetrate through the semi-permeable partition into the hydrochloric acid environment; it remains entirely inside the dialysis bag. High anthelmintic efficacy rates (up to 100%) of SD complex FBZ : NZM : PVP obtained in the AGO activator and in the roller mill were recorded for the SD of composition 2 : 20 : 78 in the mice with hymenolepiosis. The activity of the base drug, the niclozamide substance, was 27.69%, which is 3 times lower than the activity of the resulting complex dispersions.
Uncinaria stenocephala model in the laboratory
Authors: Andreyanov O. N. , Postevoy A. N. , Zhdanova O. B.
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the research is to model the pathogen Uncinaria stenocephala in laboratory rodents.

Materials and methods. The material for research was the nematode U. stenocephala. The source of the infection was a domestic dog from the Stupinsky district of the Moscow region. In fecal samples, from 90 to 360 helminth eggs were recorded in 1 g of feces. Helminth eggs were obtained by flotation using the Fulleborn and McMaster method. A suspension of larvae was taken into an insulin syringe to a volume of 1 ml and each dose was counted in a watch glass with a diameter of 8 cm. DBA mice and laboratory Beagle dogs were used in the experiments.

Results and discussion. An oral challenge dose of 100 U. stenocephala (L3) larvae was fatal to laboratory mice. Over the 6th day of life, the animals decreased their body weight by 3 g. With a reduced oral dose, for 7–14 days the animals showed ruffled hair and, in isolated cases, dyspepsia. When the infective material was administered subcutaneously, no clinical signs of infection were observed in experimental rodents. After infecttion of Beagle dogs with U. stenocephala larvae, no clinical picture of nematode parasitism was observed. After 21 days, the first helminth eggs appeared in the feces of carnivorous animals. On the 28th day and beyond, the release of helminth eggs in dogs increased. From 360 to 2370 U. stenocephala eggs were found in 1 g of feces.
Seasonality of Oestrus ovis infection in sheep in the steppe zone of the Stavropol Territory
Authors: Nogin S. R. , Bagamaev B. M. , Mikhailenko V. V.
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the research is to study the seasonality of Oestrus ovis infection in sheep depending on the management conditions in the steppe zone of the Stavropol Territory.

Materials and methods. The research to study the botfly flight seasonality was conducted on two farms in the Apanasenkovsky District and two farms in the Ipatovsky District of the Stavropol Territory. The number of sheep botflies was studied in the entire flight season by regular inspection and counting of the parasite adult stage on the outer surfaces of sheephouse walls and the side walls of sheds with a 15 day-interval.

Results and discussion. The sheep botfly flight season was 5.5 months (from May 25–30 to October 31–November 11). Two increases in the number of botflies were observed during this period: in July and September–October. Infection of sheep with oestrosis in 1971 had two peaks (the first, May to June; the second, August to November). Due to the earlier spring 2022, the first peak started in the second half of March and lasted until the first half of July, and the second peak was observed from the second half of August to the end of November.
Testing of the supramolecular complex of ivermectin Aniverm-2.0% against parasitosis on various types of livestock animals
Authors: Musaev M. B. , Zashchepkina V. V. , Belova E. E. , Khalikov S. S. , Dzhamalova A. Z. , Shahbiev I. H.
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the research is to obtain and test a complex drug Aniverm-2.0% based on the ivermectin substance by free feeding in a mixture with concentrated feed against parasitosis of cattle, sheep, and horses.

Materials and methods. Aniverm-2.0% obtained by mechanochemical technology was tested on a farm in the Shatoy Region, the Chechen Republic, on 900 sheep, 180 cattle and 156 horses in March-April 2023. To determine the infection rate, coproovoscopic examinations were conducted on 80 samples from sheep, 20 samples from young cattle and 30 samples from horses using the Fulleborn’s flotation method with a saturated sodium chloride solution. Sheep were dewormed using a group method. The drug was mixed with feed per 0.3 mg/kg for the AS or 60 mg for the drug per animal. The young cattle were kept by tie-up housing and therefore they were given Aniverm-2.0% once at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg for the AS individually in a mixture with feed. The horses were given the drug in a group method at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg for the AS or 1.5 mg/kg for the drug. Fecal samples from all animals were examined before and 2 weeks after the drug.

Results and discussion. A 100% rate of infection of the sheep by gastrointestinal nematodes (Strongylata, Nematodirus spp., Trichocephalus spp.) was determined with an average number of eggs 633.3 in 1 g of feces. In 20 fecal samples from the young cattle, 16 were found to have Strongylata eggs (prevalence = 80.0%) with 222.2–280.5 specimens of Strongylata eggs found in 1 g of feces. Strongylata eggs were found in all 30 examined fecal samples from the horses, on average, 253.3 specimens/g of feces (100%). At 2 weeks after treatment, nematode eggs were found in three out of 80 examined fecal samples from the sheep, which can be explained that the sheep did not eat the appropriate dose of the drug. The drug efficacy was determined to be 99.7%. One hundred percent efficacy of the drug was obtained on young cattle and horses.
Surgical treatment of spleen injuries
Authors: Odishelashvili G. D. , Pakhnov D. V. , Odishelashvili L. G.
Published: March 2024

Objective. To conduct a clinical analysis of the surgical treatment of patients with spleen injuries in the Astrakhan region. Materials and methods. The data of 110 patients with spleen injuries of different sex and age who were hospitalized on an emergency basis in hospitals of the Astrakhan region and were in surgical departments from August 2017 to December 2022 were analyzed. Results. An analysis was made of 110 clinical cases of spleen injury in the Astrakhan region for the period from 08.2017 to December 2022. The distribution of patients by sex and age was carried out, the nature of spleen injuries, the localization of spleen wounds, the time of admission of patients from the moment of injury, the features of clinical manifestations, the choice of diagnostic method and surgical intervention were studied. Postoperative complications and causes of mortality after spleen injury, the number of bed-days spent in the hospital, depending on the type of surgical intervention, were analyzed. Conclusion. The use of hemostatic sutures for isolated splenic injuries makes it possible to increase the number of organ-preserving operations. In case of total ruptures, multiple wounds and damage to the vascular pedicle, it is recommended to perform splenectomy with autotransplantation of splenic tissue.
Prevention of acute post-manipulation pancreatitis
Authors: Frolov P. A. , Korotkevich A. G. , Pavlenko V. V. , Pachgin I. V. , Krasnov K. A.
Published: March 2024

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is one of the most informative and often in-demand methods for the detection and treatment of pathology of the biliary tract, its diagnostic value is 79-98%. A significant disadvantage of the method are side effects and various complications (acute pancreatitis, bleeding, retroduodenal perforation, cholangitis, acute cholecystitis, etc.). Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) is a common and severe complication of intraluminal endoscopic operations on the large duodenal papilla, its etiology is multifactorial, and the pathophysiology has not yet been fully studied. According to many randomized, controlled studies, the incidence of PEP ranges from 2.7 to 37%. Despite all the possibilities of modern medicine and the introduction of new methods, mortality with the development of PEP remains at a very high level: it reaches 7-15%, and with the development of destructive forms - 40-70%. The problems of prevention of PEP are still the subject of discussions and numerous studies by leading clinics around the world. In this paper, we conducted a review of the literature over the past decade using the sources of major medical libraries Medline, eLibrary, PubMed. The article discusses current modern pathogenetic mechanisms and the main risk factors for the development of PEP, related to both the characteristics of the patient and the procedure being performed, technical options for performing ERCP. The article also presents currently used and recommended by most authors methods of drug prevention of PEP and various technical solutions related to this complication. Thus, the not entirely satisfactory results of the proposed methods of prevention of PEP force the authors to search for safer and more effective solutions to this urgent problem at the present time.
Rare non-epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: features of endoscopic and morphological diagnosis
Authors: Dzhantukhanova S. V. , Velizade L. A. , Starkov Yu. G. , Glotov A. V.
Published: March 2024

Non-epithelial tumors (NO) of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are a large heterogeneous group of neoplasms. OIs are characterized by the absence of a pathognomonic clinical picture, as well as by the fact that they cause difficulties both at the stage of endoscopic diagnosis and morphological examination. Often, the final diagnosis can be established only after a complete morphological diagnosis of the removed tumor. In most cases, an immunohistochemical study is required to make the diagnosis. Understanding the endoscopic manifestations provides an essential aid in the differential diagnosis. The article presents a review of the literature on the choice of method for endoscopic and endoscopic diagnosis of rare non-epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.
Endoscopic treatment of stenosing esophageal cancer
Authors: Korzheva I. Yu. , Suslova K. V. , Chernov M. V.
Published: March 2024

Objective. To highlight the main criteria for selection of patients and materials for endoscopic stenting in stenotic esophageal cancer of different localization, to consider the key stages of surgery and its possible complications. Materials and Methods. 102 endoscopic stenting surgeries in patients with stenotic esophageal cancer of various degrees of obstruction were performed in S. P. Botkin GKB in the period from 2019 to 2021. The analysis of the literature data and comparison of the existing types of esophageal stents were performed, the stenting technique used in our clinic and the review of the causes of complications after endoscopic stenting were considered. Results. Endoscopic stenting in 101 cases (99%) was technically successful; in 99 patients (97%) stenting resulted in positive clinical effect. Conclusion. Endoscopic treatment of stenotic esophageal cancer is an effective and safe method of surgical treatment of patients with clinical manifestations of severe dysphagia.
Optical imaging technologies in endoscopic diagnosis of colon tumors
Authors: Duvanskiy V. A. , Terkhova I. V. , Sazonov D. V.
Published: March 2024

The article describes modern technologies of optical imaging in endoscopic diagnosis of colon neoplasms. The efficiency of these methods and features of their application in clinical practice have been evaluated.
Microcholedocholithiasis in a patient with an anomaly of the pancreatobiliary maljunction
Authors: Korzheva I. Yu. , Burdyukov M. S. , Kolotilshchikov A. A. , Amirov M. Z. , Amirova V. V.
Published: March 2024

To date, the diagnosis of both microcholedocholithiasis and anomalies of the pancreatobiliary maljunction is a difficult task. It is the improvement of the diagnostic algorithm for this category of patients that allows us to start timely treatment. In this clinical case, the diagnosis of microcholedocholithiasis and anomalies of the pancreatobiliary maljunction is described, which is extremely rare and causes difficulties in making a diagnosis and choosing a treatment strategy. The aim: to determine the information content of various types of research in the diagnosis of microcholedocholithiasis in anomalies of the pancreatobiliary fistula. Materials and methods: in the GKB im. S. P. Botkin received a patient with severe pain in the upper abdomen, weakness. In the emergency room, the patient underwent a complete blood count, biochemical blood test and transabdominal ultrasound, after transfer to the surgical department, MSCT and EUS were performed. Results: according to the results of EUS, it was revealed in the patient that the pancreatic duct opens into the common bile duct at a distance of 15 mm from the OBD zone, and calculi with a diameter of up to 2 mm were detected in the terminal bile duct. At the same time, the patient underwent retrograde transpapillary intervention with papillotomy and removal of the calculus. Conclusions: the combination of microcholedocholithiasis and anomalies of the pancreatobiliary maljunction is an extremely rare pathology. The use of a comprehensive therapeutic and diagnostic approach makes it possible to detect an anomaly of the pancreatobiliary maljunction and calculi with a diameter of 2 mm in the bile duct, which makes it possible to reasonably and timely perform surgical treatment avoiding the development of serious complications.
Endosonographic changes of the pancreas in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Budzinskaya A. A. , Belousova E. A. , Vakurova E. S. , Lomakina E. U.
Published: March 2024

The aim of the study was to compare endosonographic signs of pancreatic lesion in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and in patients with diagnosed chronic pancreatitis (CP). Materials and methods. 62 patients with IBD (39 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 23 with Crohn’s disease (CD)), 33 patients with previously established CP without IBD and 42 patients without CP and IBD were examined. All patients underwent endosonographic examination of the pancreas with an assessment of parenchymal and ductal criteria according to the Rosemont classification. Results. There was no statistically significant difference when comparing changes in the pancreas in UC and BC. Ductal disorders in patients with UC and CD were more common than in the control group. Parenchymal changes of the pancreas were statistically significantly more common in patients with IBD than in CP, and ductal, on the contrary, less common. At the same time, a significant difference was determined between the frequency of ductal changes in IBD and CP when compared with the control group. According to the Rosemont classification, certain CP was more common in patients with previously verified gland damage, probable - in patients with IBD. Conclusion. Based on the results of our study, with different etiologies of CP, endosonographic changes in the pancreas will manifest in different ways. A detailed approach to the etiology of CP will optimize the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic insufficiency, and as a consequence of the underlying pathology of the intestine. Timely administration of therapy for changes in the pancreas can help to avoid progressive changes in the pancreas and improve the prognosis of the disease.
Clinical significance of capsule endoscopy in the study of the functional state and endoscopic anatomy of the gastroduodenal junction
Authors: Dronova O. B. , Kagan I. I. , Chindyaskin M. A.
Published: March 2024

The pylorus is a complex of morphological formations that perform an anti-reflux function and the function of promoting the contents of the stomach into the duodenum. The scientific domestic and foreign literature presents many studies of the gastric side of the gastroduodenal junction, the pylorus, but there have been no studies of the functions and endoscopic anatomy of the bulbous side of the pylorus. This section is a difficult-to-reach “blind spot” for traditional flexible endoscopy. Therefore, it was decided to discover it with the possibilities of capsule endoscopy using the PillCam COLON2 video capsule from Given Imaging (Israel) with two cameras on opposite sides. This article presents an analysis of capsule endoscopy in 120 people, 60 mature and 60 elderly, half of them healthy, and half were sick, 56 men, 64 women. As a result, it was possible to study individual differences in the shapes of the orifice of the bulbous side of the pylorus in the opened and closed states. For the first time during capsule endoscopy, a circular fold with a width of 1 to 7 mm was discovered around the pyloric opening on the bulbous side of the pylorus, and the size of circular fold at which the antireflux function of the gastroduodenal junction is performed.
Clinical and morphological characteristics of patients with chronic gastritis and high risk of gastric cancer
Authors: Tertychnyy A. S. , Protsenko D. D. , Pachuashvili N. V. , Nagornaya D. P. , Pavlov P. V. , Kiruhin A. P. , Fedorenko A. A.
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to conduct a clinical and morphological analysis of cases of chronic gastritis with a high risk of gastric cancer (GC). Materials and methods. The study included 26 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis of stages 3 and 4 with a high risk of developing GC according to the assessment using the OLGA system (Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment). The cases were diagnosed on material of gastric tissue biopsy in 2022. In total, 678 histological studies were performed during the year. Cases of chronic gastritis with a high risk of developing GC accounted for 3.8% of all chronic gastritis. Results. Cases of chronic gastritis with a high risk of developing GC were more often observed in older men (average age 67±12 years, ratio 2.25:1). Multifocal atrophic gastritis was in the first place in frequency of occurrence (61.5%), the connection with helicobacter infection was confirmed only in a third of cases (34.6%). Morphological changes were characterized by a predominant lesion of the antrum of the stomach and mixed complete and incomplete intestinal metaplasia. With the exception of one case in which pseudopancreatic metaplasia was detected in the antrum of the stomach, all cases of autoimmune gastritis (n=26) were assigned to stage 2 with a low risk of developing GC, which seems controversial to us. Conclusion. The results of our study showed a high percentage of pre-existing tumor lesions of the stomach in the group of chronic gastritis with a high risk of developing GC. Dysplasia was diagnosed in 5 out of 26 cases, GC with previously performed mucosectomy in 3 out of 26 cases. In addition, the patients had other tumor and precancerous lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. These data show the validity and practical value of using the OLGA system to identify high-risk groups for the development of tumors not only of the stomach, but also of gastrointestinal tumors of other localizations.
Transabdominal ultrasound of the intestine in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases: a modern view
Authors: Mukhametova D. D. , Minnemullin I. M. , Savushkina N. Yu. , Kirillova E. R. , Zigangirova K. A. , Abdulganieva D. I.
Published: March 2024

Ultrasound of the intestine is a highly informative, accessible, harmless, mobile, common method of diagnosing inflammatory bowel diseases that does not require special training, has high specificity (95.6%) and sensitivity (89.7%) (depend on the examined area). In recent years, standardized methods have been developed to quantify the results of intestinal ultrasound in inflammatory bowel diseases, the most common of which are the Milan ultrasound criteria for ulcerative colitis, as well as the Sonographic Lesion Index for Crohn’s disease (SLIC), the International Bowel Ultrasound Segmental Activity Score (IBUS-SAS), A simple Ultrasound Activity Score for Crohn’s Disease (SUS-CD) with a satisfactory correlation and an area under the curve. The use of echocontrast drugs (both oral - polyethylene glycol and intravenous - Sonovue) improves the visualization of a number of structures. Purpose: consider the current position of ultrasound for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases, research technique, specificity and sensitivity of the method, quantitative methods of evaluating indicators, applicability for monitoring the activity of the disease, the presence of complications and the effectiveness of therapy. Materials and methods: in February-June 2023, articles were searched in the databases PubMed, Cyberleninka, Wiley, Oxford University Press, Science Direct with the following keywords: inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ultrasound, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, disease activity, ultrasonographic parameters, index, abdominal ultrasonography, sonovue, gastrointestinal Ultrasound (GIUS), Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), epidemiology. Practical guidelines on ultrasound diagnostics, clinical recommendations on Crohn’s disease [regional enteritis] and ulcerative colitis, guidelines of international medical associations, communities, etc. were also used. The search was not limited to years or languages. After reviewing the abstracts of articles or full texts, a decision was made on the suitability of the articles for inclusion in the review. The graphs, diagrams, figures of interest were used as a source for creating own illustrations. Conclusion: ultrasound methods of intestinal examination have a number of advantages, which include high information content, no need for preparation, high availability, prevalence, low cost and harmlessness. Of particular clinical importance is the possibility of evaluation at the patient’s bedside, the use of ultrasound criteria for assessing the activity of IBD and monitoring in dynamics.
The concept of the development of inflammatory bowel diseases as a consequence of intestinal metabolic dysbiosis
Authors: Tarasova L. V. , Tsyganova Yu. V. , Pavlova S. I. , Kucherova N. Y.
Published: March 2024

The article discusses the high relevance of the problem of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). First of all, attention is drawn to the annual increase in the incidence of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Factors that can influence the development of IBD are assessed. A diagram of the pathogenetic cascade of dysbiotic disorders is presented, manifested by an increase in the blood serum of metabolic products of the intestinal microflora, microvascular, metabolic and immune changes leading to the triggering of inflammation in the intestinal wall.
Antibiotics: the triumph of civilization and its other side
Authors: Osadchuk M. A. , Osadchuk M. M. , Mironova E. D.
Published: March 2024

The synthesis of antibacterial drugs and their subsequent use in clinical practice contributed to saving a huge number of people’s lives in the global space. At the same time, they can cause significant harm, including Clostridium difficile infections, in the formation of antibiotic resistance and changes in the human microbiome, the consequences of which have yet to be assessed. Antibiotic management programs are becoming more and more commonplace in modern clinical practice, requiring extensive knowledge based on clinical, genomic and laboratory data. Increasing evidence suggests a role for antibiotics in the manifestation of allergic, inflammatory, metabolic, and functional diseases. On the other hand, there is more and more data on the role of antimicrobial drugs in cancer prevention and treatment of viral diseases.
Prediction of life-threatening complications of inflammatory bowel disease using neural networks: a practical tool for health care professionals
Authors: Uspenskiy Yu. P. , Ivanov S. V. , Fominykh Yu. A. , Narkevich A. N. , Segal’ A. M. , Grjibovski A. M.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) including Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) representsis a challenge for gastroenterologists worldwide, due to its potential to cause life-threatening complications and lead to disability in patients. Aim: to develop a tool that can be used in clinical practice to predict the development of life-threatening complications of IBD through mathematical modeling. Methods. A historical cohort of 291 adult patients with a verified diagnosis of IBD (48% - CD, 52% - UC) who sought medical care from 2020 to 2022 comprised the study base. The outcomes were life-threatening complications including a subgroup of conditions that required urgent surgical intervention. Logistic regression, classification trees and neural network analysis were used to predict the studied outcomes. Results. Life-threatening complications occurred in 22.3% of CD- and in 9.9% of UC patients. The corresponding numbers for urgent surgical complications were 16.5% and 1.3%. Among the constructed mathematical models for both types of outcomes, neural network models demonstrated the highest sensitivity and specificity. Based on the neural network models, two software products named “IBD prognosis: risk of life-threatening complications” and “ IBD prognosis: risk of urgent surgical complications” were developed. For the former, the positive predictive value was 65.0% (95% CI 52.4-75.8) while the negative predictive value was 97.0% (95% CI: 93.9-98.5). For the latter, the corresponding numbers were 77.4% (95% CI: 60.2-87.4) and 99.2% (95% CI: 97.2-99.8). Conclusions. Two tools have been developed for use in clinical practice by gastroenterologists, therapists, and general practitioners to manage IBD patients. Identifying a high-risk IBD patient for developing a life-threatening complication can be used as a foundation for optimizing the therapy used in the treatment of a given patient, potentially saving lives.
Vitamin D and the epigenome: basic definitions, mechanisms and clinical effects
Authors: Khavkin A. I. , Loshkova E. V. , Doroshenko I. V. , Kondratyeva E. I. , Erokhina M. I.
Published: March 2024

Epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression. The underlying mechanisms include DNA methylation and covalent modification of histones by methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, or ubiquitination. The complex interplay of various epigenetic mechanisms is mediated by enzymes operating in the cell nucleus. Modifications in DNA methylation are carried out primarily by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocation proteins (TETs), while a variety of enzymes such as histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone methyltransferases (HMTs), and histone demethylases (HDMs)) regulate histone covalent modifications. In many pathological conditions such as cancer, autoimmune, microbial inflammatory, metabolic, allergic diseases and/or low vitamin D availability, the epigenetic regulatory system is often disrupted. Vitamin D interacts with the epigenome at several levels. First, critical genes in the vitamin D signaling system that encode for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the enzymes 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1), 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), and 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) have large CpG islands in their promoters. areas and therefore can be suppressed by DNA methylation. Second, the VDR protein physically interacts with coactivator and corepressor proteins, which in turn are in contact with chromatin modifiers such as HATs, HDACs, HMTS, and chromatin remodelers. Third, a number of genes encoding chromatin modifiers and remodelers, such as HDM from the Jumonji C (JmjC) domain containing proteins and lysine-specific demethylase (LSD) families, are primary targets for VDR and its ligands. Finally, there is evidence that certain VDR ligands have DNA demethylating effects. In this review, the authors discuss the regulation of the vitamin D system by epigenetic modifications and how vitamin D contributes to the maintenance of the epigenome and assess its impact on health and disease.
Long-term efficacy of vedolizumab therapy in patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Peda E. S. , Nanaeva B. A. , Knyazev O. V. , Alexandrov T. L. , Baranova T. A.
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Currently, the possibilities in the treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD) are expanding. Various classes of genetically engineered biological therapy are available for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Vedolizumab, having a selective nature of action, has a higher safety profile of the drug, which suggests lower immunogenicity and, as a consequence, long-term efficacy. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on the basis of the National Medical Research Centre of Coloproctology named after A. N. Ryzhikh, which included 54 patients treated with vedolizumab. In the course of the work, the survival of therapy was evaluated, as well as the influence of demographic characteristics, localization, phenotype of the disease and other factors on the effectiveness of therapy. Results: The study showed 86.0% (95% CI 72.8-93.1) survival of therapy for 15 months and 75.9% (95% CI 58.8-86.7) for two years. No statistically significant differences were obtained when assessing the effect of gender, comorbidity, lesion localization, disease phenotype, smoker status and the use of glucocorticosteroids during vedolizumab induction. During the analysis, it was revealed that significant factors affecting the effectiveness of therapy are the age of CD debut less than 21 years and the SES-CD index index more than 7, as well as previous therapy with the use of two or more anti-TNF drugs. Discussion: Despite the small sample size, the findings allow us to predict the effectiveness of therapy, which may affect survival.
The role of serum bilirubin in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease in children and assessment of its activity
Authors: Fedulova E. N. , Vagin M. S. , Khavkin A. I.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the identification of a marker of imbalance of oxidative stress and the antioxidant system in children with Crohn’s disease. The putative level of total bilirubin as an integrative method for assessing Crohn’s disease activity is highly correlated with indicators of oxidative stress and the antioxidant system (ischemia, modifying albumin, malondialdehyde, catalase, sulfhydryl groups and glutathione). Purpose: to explain the relationship between the level of total bilirubin and the activity of the inflammatory process in Crohn’s disease, which allows the introduction of the studied integrative indicator in clinical practice. Materials and methods. Based on the results of scientific studies of biomarkers of oxidative stress (albumin-modifying ischemia - plasma IMA, malondialdehyde - plasma MDA) and the antioxidant system (plasma SH-groups, catalase and reduced erythrocyte glutathione), as well as a simultaneous study of the level of total bilirubin in children diagnosed with Crohn’s disease. To search for a differential method for assessing the level of Crohn’s disease activity by the degree of bilirubin, use binary logistic regression. Results and survey. The results of the study showed a clear relationship between the increase in bilirubin levels and the severity of oxidative stress. It has been established that with a decrease in the level of total bilirubin, there is a predominance of oxidative stress over the antioxidant system, which leads to an increase in inflammation activity. It has been proven that the level of total bilirubin can be used in the complex activity of diseases as a minimally invasive, as well as an objective and acute marker. The sensitivity and specific sensitivity of this protocol is 90.9% and 93.3% respectively, which allows the use of total bilirubin as a marker of inflammation in Crohn’s disease.