bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating Climate Challenges: Insights from smallholder of Mbangassina’s Local Communities in the Centre Cameroon Region
Authors: Chimi Pierre Marie , Mala William Armand , Fobane Jean Louis , Nganmeni Lethicia Flavine Feunang , Mbefoyo Jemisson Medoh , Abdel Karimou Ngamsou , Nkoué Baruch Batamack , Minfele Sophie Patience Endalle , Funwi Forbi Preasious , Kamdem Michele Elodie Kouoguem , Nguihi Laskine Mazak , Pokam Eusebe Ydelphonse Nyonce , Djoumbi Bienvenu Leonnel Tchonang , Tchandjie Franc Marley , Bell Joseph Martin , Mbolo Marie Marguerite
Published: October 2024

This comprehensive study explored the factors shaping smallholder farmers’ perceptions of climate change in the Mbangassina Subdivision. Data collection methods included structured interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. The findings revealed that 97.2% of the farmers surveyed noticed changes in temperature and rainfall over the past 30 years. Specifically, 17.8% observed an increase in rainfall, 75.6% noted a decrease, and 6.7% saw no change over the last 10–30 years. Additionally, there has been a significant rise in mean and maximum temperatures. From 1981 to 2022, Mbangassina recorded an average annual rainfall of 1491.26 mm, with yearly fluctuations influenced by seasonal variations, geographical factors, and climatic oscillations. While linear regression offers a simplified model, other factors such as greenhouse gases, natural variability, and regional effects also impact temperature changes. The study identified significant associations between perceived climate change impacts and factors such as age, years of farming experience, annual income, microfinance/banking status, gender, community membership, and socioeconomic level (residential situation) (p < 0.050). Furthermore, adaptive capacity to climate change impacts was influenced by years of farming experience, a usable agricultural area, annual income, microfinance client status, marital status, residential situation, and membership in a farmer organization. The research underscores the importance of understanding local factors that influence climate change perceptions. This knowledge can aid smallholder farmers in better coping with climate challenges and inform the development of effective adaptation strategies. Policymakers can create an enabling environment that empowers smallholder farmers to adapt to climate change and improve their livelihoods.
Equivalence ratio gradient effects on locally lean, stoichiometric and rich propane/air and n-heptane/air turbulent bluff body flames
Authors: Mitsopoulos Evangelos - Panagiotis , Panou Stavros - Marios , Manoudakis Michalis , Souflas Konstantinos , Koutmos Panayiotis
Published: October 2024

The effect of inlet mixture stratification was investigated in propane/air and prevaporised n-heptane/air flames stabilized in the near wake region of a bluff-body burner. The employed axisymmetric burner can sustain flame anchoring at global equivalence ratio values in the range of 0.09 ÷ 0.1 independently of fuel type and permits the variation of fuel concentration along the radial direction. Three distinct stratification gradients were studied for the two fuels considered; One burning from rich to lean, one burning from stoichiometric to lean and one burning from stronger lean to weaker lean mixtures. Particle Image Velocimetry, Mie scattering and OH∗ and CH* Chemiluminescence were used to investigate flame stabilization characteristics of the two fuels and three stratification gradients, while Fourier – Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was performed to assess the equivalence ratio disposition under non-reacting conditions in the near wake region. 2D hydrodynamic strain rates, Damköhler (Da) and Karlovitz (Ka) numbers and flame brush thickness distributions were estimated and analyzed to elucidate the effects of turbulence, mixture composition and fuel type on the investigated flames. Also, the characteristic size of the reacting fluid pockets was assessed using a two-point sample autocorrelation methodology on the OH* chemiluminescence images. Results suggest that supplying the vicinity of the anchoring region with lean peak equivalence ratio mixtures with Lewis numbers greater than unity reduces the flame’s resistance to strain, while supplying it with rich peak equivalence ratio mixtures of Lewis number ≈ 1, independently of fuel type, favors resistance to strain, suggesting a connection with preferential diffusion effects.
Peripheral tissue BDNF expression is affected by promoter IV defect and enriched environments in mice: negative hippocampus-intestine and positive thymus-serum-muscle correlations
Authors: Wang Janet , Schupp William , Sakata Kazuko
Published: October 2024

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression is reduced in the brain of various central nervous system (CNS) disorders, but its relation to peripheral expression remains unclear. This study aimed to determine peripheral BDNF expression affected by BDNF promoter IV defect and enriched environment treatment (EET). Promoter IV defect is associated with CNS disorders and chronic stress, whereas EET increases hippocampal BDNF expression and ameliorates CNS dysfunctions.
Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to measure BDNF protein levels in eleven regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, heart, lung, liver, spleen, intestine, kidney, intestine, thymus, muscle, serum) in wild-type and knock-in promoter IV (KIV) mice with or without 3 weeks of EET provided after weaning.
Results: Knock-in promoter IV resulted in BDNF levels significantly decreased in muscle, but significantly increased in intestine, liver, thymus, and serum, which suggests compensatory upregulation of other promoters in those tissues. EET increased BDNF levels in muscle and serum of KIV mice and thymus of wild-type mice, along with significant positive serum-muscle and serum-thymus correlations of BDNF levels, suggesting EET’s beneficial effects in muscle motor and adaptive immune regulation. EET increased hippocampal BDNF levels in both genotypes and showed a significant negative correlation with intestine BDNF levels, suggesting its role in the brain-gut axis. EET reduced wild-type heart BDNF levels, possibly through parasympathetic regulation. BDNF levels were also significantly positively correlated between lung and spleen and between intestine and liver, suggesting inter-organ interaction and regulation of BDNF.
Conclusion: This is the first study to not only demonstrate how these specific genetic and environmental factors affect BDNF expression in peripheral tissues, but also highlight the complex regulatory interplay of BDNF expression across organ systems. Elucidation of BDNF’s role and regulatory mechanisms in peripheral organ systems may help better our understanding of its connection to CNS disorders and their treatments.
The miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster drives immune evasion and resistance to PD- 1/PD-L1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Luo Hao , Li Qing , Gu Xiang-Rong , Chen Jing , Fan Xiaoqing , Zhang Wei , Wang Ren-Tao , He Xian-Dong , Guo Wei , Xu Cheng-Xiong , Jin Hua
Published: October 2024

Programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1) and major histocompatibility complex Ⅰ (MHC-Ⅰ) are key molecules related to tumor immune evasion and resistance to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 blockade. Here, we demonstrated that upregulation of all miRNAs in miR-23a/27a/24 − 2 cluster correlated with poor survival, immune evasion and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Overexpression all miRNAs in miR-23a/27a/24 − 2 cluster upregulated PD-L1 by targeting Cbl proto-oncogene B and downregulated MHC-Ⅰ through increasing eukaryotic initiation factor 3B (eIF3B) by targeting microphthalmia associated transcription factor. In addition, we demonstrated that miR-23a/27a/24 − 2 cluster miRNAs maintain its expression in NSCLC through increasing Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulated interaction of transcription factor 4 (TCF4) and miR-23a/27a/24 − 2 cluster promoter. Notably, pharmacologic targeting eIF3B pathway dramatically enhanced PD-1/PD-L1 blockade sensitivity in miRNAs of miR-23a/27a/24 − 2 cluster high expressing NSCLC by upregulating MHC-Ⅰ expression and keeping miR-23a/27a/24 − 2 cluster-induced high expression of PD-L1. In summary, we elucidate the mechanism by which miR-23a/27a/24 − 2 cluster miRNAs maintain its own expression and the molecular mechanism by which miR-23a/27a/24 − 2 cluster miRNAs promote tumor immune evasion and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade resistance. In addition, we provide a novel strategy for treatment of miR-23a/27a/24 − 2 cluster high expressing NSCLC.
The effects of immune-boosting beverage, energy beverage, hydrogen peroxide superior, polishing methods and fine-grained prophylaxis paste on surface roughness and microhardness of CAD-CAM restorative materials
Authors: Yılmaz Kerem , Özdemir Erdem , Gönüldaş Fehmi
Published: October 2024

Background
The effect of an immune-boosting beverage with Sambucus Nigra (SAM), an energy beverage (ENE), a Hydrogen Peroxide Superior (HPS) with new composition, and professional dental prophylaxis (PDP) on surface roughness (Ra) and microhardness (MH) of CAD-CAM restorative materials over time is unknown.
Methods
FC and HC specimens were prepared (N = 126). Glazing (GLA), polishing (POL), bleaching (BLE) and beverage (SAM, ENE, distilled water (DIS)) groups were formed and Ra and MH were measured. 4-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were applied for statistics (α = 0.05).
Results
After 28 days, highest Ra were FC-POL immersed ENE or SAM and lowest is FC-GLA and FC-POL immersed DIS (p < 0.0001). MH was decreased in FC-GLA and FC-POL immersed in DIS, ENE or SAM (p < 0.0001), while increased in HC (p > 0.05).
Conclusions
HC had lower Ra than FC despite beverages and BLE and was less affected by PDP than FC-GLA and FC-POL (p < 0.0001). Over time, MH of FC-GLA and FC-POL decreased and increased for HC (p < 0.05). PDP maintained decreased MH of FC-GLA (p < 0.0001), increased that of FC-POL (p < 0.0001), and slightly decreased in HC (p = 0.0364).
WITHDRAWN: Bridging Stochastic Gradient Descent and Markov Chains: Constant Step-Size Convergence and Richardson-Romberg Extrapolation
Authors: Li Chris Junchi
Published: October 2024

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a fundamental optimization method widely used in machine learning and related fields. This work revisits constant step-size SGD and its connection to Markov chains. We provide an asymptotic expansion of the averaged SGD iterates, highlighting the key effects of noise, initial conditions, and step-size choices on convergence behavior. Furthermore, we introduce Richardson-Romberg extrapolation as a technique to accelerate convergence towards the optimum, even in the presence of persistent oscillations around the optimal point. Our theoretical analysis is complemented by empirical results demonstrating the improvements obtained through this method. These insights allow for better understanding of both the bias-variance trade-off and the convergence behavior of SGD in high-dimensional, noisy environments.
A Global Survey of Filipino Nurses’ Motivations, Challenges, and Aspirations
Authors: PhD CN RN Glenn Ford D. Valdez , DNP RN -BC Mary Jane Genuino , PhD Faustino Jerome Babate , RN FHEA MSc Marlon Bernardo , DNP FNP-C APRN Paul Biluan , Santos FPCHA RN EdD Mark
Published: October 2024

Introduction : Known for their exceptional skills and commitment to community service, Filipino nurses have become indispensable assets in global healthcare systems. Their journey is complex. This study explored the multifaceted dimensions of Filipino nurses’motivations, obstacles, and aspirations, showcasing their resilience, adaptability, and proficiency across diverse healthcare settings and continents.
Methods: This descriptive-exploratory study used a survey method to explore the motivations, aspirations, challenges, and underlying characteristics of Filipino nurses globally. A self-authored tool with four sections was employed after applying the necessary consent and ethical procedures The study used convenience sampling. A population proportion analysis using CL: 95% and CI: 1.75, which resulted in 993 respondents, and a post hoc screening of response completeness identified 888 qualified nurse respondents.
Results:.Employing Spearman’s correlation to measure the degree of confidence, optimism, trust, and work satisfaction found weak negative relationships with the respondents’ demographic profiles.
Conclusion: Nurses expressed a positive professional stance amidst socio-political unrest, optimism about the future with artificial intelligence, and a positive view of diversity, equality, and inclusion.
Relevance for Clinical Practice :This study has the potential to impact healthcare policy and practice in areas where Filipino nurses are highly engaged. It further allows for comprehending their drives, dealing with obstacles, enhancing the workplace, promoting patient care and cultural sensitivity, and creating migrant nurse welfare policies.
Unprecedented Strength in Centimeter-Scale Single-Crystal Monolayer Graphene
Authors: Kundu Anirban , Jalali Seyed Kamal , Kim Minhyeok , Wang Meihui , Luo Da , Lee Sun Hwa , Pugno Nicola M. , Seong Won Kyung , Ruoff Rodney S.
Published: October 2024

Despite extensive microscale studies, the macroscopic mechanical properties of monolayer graphene remain underexplored. Here, we report the Young’s modulus (E = 1.11 ± 0.04 TPa), tensile strength (σ = 27.40 ± 4.36 GPa), and failure strain (εf = 6.01 ± 0.92 %) of centimeter-scale single-crystal monolayer graphene (SCG) ‘dog bone’ samples with edges aligned along the zigzag (zz) direction, supported by an ultra-thin polymer (polycarbonate) film. For samples with edges along the armchair (ac) direction, we obtain E = 1.01 ± 0.10 TPa, σ = 20.21 ± 3.22 GPa, εf = 3.69 ± 0.38 %, and for chiral samples whose edges were between zz and ac, we obtain E= 0.75 ± 0.12 TPa, σ = 23.56 ± 3.42 GPa, and εf = 4.53 ± 0.40 %. The SCG is grown on single crystal Cu(111) foils by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We used a home-built ‘float-on-water’ (FOW) tensile testing system for tensile loading measurements that also enabled in situ crack observation. The quantized fracture mechanics (QFM) analysis predicts an edge defect size from several to tens of nanometers based on chirality and notch angle. Through Weibull analysis and given that the fatal defects are confined on the edges of macroscale samples, we projected strength ranging from 13.67 to 18.43 GPa for an A4-size SCG according to their chirality. Our findings demonstrate exceptional mechanical performance of macroscale single crystal graphene (SCG) and pave the way for its widespread use in a very wide variety of applications.
Creation of self-aligning multisatellite planetary gears
Authors: Gudimova L. N. , Serebryakov I. A. , Sudzhayan A. A.
Published: October 2024

In this study, we aim to identify shortcomings in the operation of multisatellite planetary gearboxes and to justify improved designs of planetary self-aligning mechanisms, which allow torque to be transmitted through all installed satellites. To that end, we studied a domestic planetary three-satellite MPZ gearbox installed on a magnetic separator, designed for wet separation of strongly magnetic ores and materials into magnetic and non-magnetic products, and a planetary gearbox of a special structure. 3D models of the classical three-satellite and single-sliding self-aligning gearboxes were constructed in the 3D module of the T-Flex CAD software. The performance of the mechanisms was evaluated by structural analysis and Chebyshev’s mobility formula. The constructed 3D models were used to study the engagement process of the classical three-satellite and single-sliding self-aligning gearbox. The latter is distinguished by the presence of two levers, which are introduced additionally to three satellites. During the research, the lateral clearance between the pairs of satellite teeth and center wheels was accepted according to GOST 1643–81. The conducted analysis of contacts at rotation of the central driving wheel by 30°, 110°, 200°, and 310° established further designing of the applied planetary gears to be inexpedient due to impossibility of realization of power transfer simultaneously through all satellites. The main disadvantage of the operation of multisatellite gearboxes was found to be the requirement for the side clearance selection, which should ensure the operability of the transmission at the moment of motion transfer. When designing multi-satellite single-slide selfaligning planetary mechanisms, additional levers should be introduced into the structure, the number of which should be equal to the number of satellites. Hence, the use of self-aligning planetary gears makes it possible to reduce the dimensions due to the uniform distribution of the transmitted torque, since the calculated value of the torque can be reduced by the number of satellites. This allows the gears to be adapted to the working loading conditions, which significantly improves the performance of the entire machine or unit.
Effect of SF6 circuit breaker parameters on switching overvoltages evaluated based on nominal modes of converter transformers
Authors: Tikhonov A. V.
Published: October 2024

In this work, we set out to investigate the influence of operating currents of SF6 circuit breakers on the magnitude of overvoltages during switching of converter transformers. The experience of electrical equipment operation is analyzed with a focus on the problems associated with the natural aging of insulation, overloads, and switching overvoltages. The methods of equipment diagnostics were used. According to statistical data, at present, about 37% of short circuits between phases and 42% of single-phase earth faults in electrical networks of industrial enterprises occur due to switching overvoltages. The conducted tests showed that the overvoltages emerging during switching by SF6 circuit breakers of converter transformers, which are used in aluminum smelters, may reach a three-fold rated voltage of the network. This threatens the insulation of transformer windings, cable line, and the switch itself. It was established that an increase in operating currents of an LF2 circuit breaker, not exceeding 27.8% of the rated current of the switch, leads to an increase in overvoltages during switching of converter transformers. At a further increase in the operating currents of the circuit breaker by more than 27.8% of the rated current of the circuit breaker, a sharp decrease in the value of switching overvoltages is observed. Therefore, the operating currents of SF6 circuit breakers were established to affect the level of switching overvoltages of converter transformers. The underlying mechanism of this phenomenon was determined, which should be taken into account when improving the reliability of power supply of converter transformers and, consequently, the reliability of aluminum production. The feasibly of resistive-capacitive dampers as the most effective means for limiting overvoltages during switching of converter transformers was confirmed.
Stirred media mills of fine and ultrafine grinding for subsequent beneficiation operations
Authors: Voiloshnikov G. I. , Chikin A. Yu.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a brief review of the designs, characteristics, and operating parameters of Stirred media mills supplied by foreign manufacturers. An analysis of information on Stirred media mills , which are used to improve the efficiency of beneficiation and metallurgical operations, is carried out using available publications. The obtained results indicate the inexpediency of using conventional drum ball mills for flotation separation of ores and concentrates with a fine interpenetration of minerals. The application of conventional mills in extraction of ores and concentrates resistant to cyanidation, where gold is finely disseminated in sulfides, is limited by their high power consumption and the corresponding operating costs. In this work, different types of Stirred media mills are considered, including their vertical and horizontal types. The advantages of Stirred media mills over conventional ball mills, particularly in terms of energy efficiency, are noted. The designs and main characteristics of Stirred media mills , which have received wide application, are presented. According to the data presented in the reviewed publications, the main parameters determining the grinding process in such mills are outlined, including the ratio of bead size to mill feed size, density of grinding medium, density of pulp in the mill, volume loading of beads, stirring speed, etc. The conducted analysis of literature data indicated high efficiency of mills based on agitation of grinding media for fine and ultrafine grinding of ores and concentrates in comparison with conventional ball mills. Given that the volume of ores and concentrates resistant to processing by conventional methods is increasing, the application of Stirred media mills is expected become more widespread, thereby increasing the efficiency of subsequent beneficiation and metallurgical operations.
Problems and solutions to protection of carbon-graphite electrodes
Authors: Gorlanov E. S. , Sizyakov V. M. , Sharikov F. Yu. , Spektoruk А. А. , Butakova Т. V.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents literature review of the existing problems and solutions in protecting carbongraphite electrodes from the destructive environment of arc steel-making furnaces, magnesium and aluminum cells. The most significant publications on the corrosion resistance of cathodes and anodes in relation to physical, chemical, and electrochemical wear, to oxidizing environments, to active components of the introduction and destruction of the carbon structure are discussed. An analysis of various proposals and engineering solutions for reducing or eliminating the impact of aggressive environments on electrodes under specific operating conditions of metallurgical units is carried out. It was established that losses from lateral oxidation of the electrode surface of arc steel-making furnaces, when passing the temperature zone of 600–800°C, may reach 40–60% of the total consumption. Carbon-graphite products are subject to a significant destructive effect of the specific interaction of carbon with elements and compounds of the working environment, which can be introduced (intercalate) into the interlayer structure of carbon. The existing engineering and technological solutions mainly apply to the protection of the product surface; moreover, they perform their functions for a short time, rather than during the entire service life of the metallurgical unit. In this connection, it is proposed to focus on ensuring volumetric protection of electrodes from the effects of an aggressive environment. Intermediate results obtained in the field of synthesis of carbonbased composite materials adapted to the conditions of electrode production at existing enterprises are presented, along with the results of studies into the oxidizability of these composites. The existing and proposed engineering solutions for protecting the surface of carbon products have not received wide recognition or are not used in the metallurgical industry. Among the most probable reasons are the limited period of electrode surface protection, the complexity of reproduction, or the lack of profitability due to the high cost of protective components. In this regard, synthesis of C – TiC/TiB2 composite electrodes based on petroleum coke and graphite seems to be a promising research direction.
Element behavior during autoclave oxidation of polymetallic sulfide flotation concentrate containing tungsten and molybdenum
Authors: Epiforov A. V. , Balikov S. V. , Shipnigov A. A.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we investigate the behavior of associated elements (tungsten, molybdenum, and bismuth) contained in a sulfide gold-bearing concentrate during its autoclave oxidation. The process is studied using a sulfide flotation concentrate, crushed to a particle sieve mesh size of minus 0.045 mm and containing 22.1 g/t of gold, 133.2 g/t of silver, 2.7% of tungsten, 13% of molybdenum, and 0.7% of bismuth. The process was carried out in a 2 dm3 autoclave at a temperature of 220ºC and an oxygen partial pressure of 0.7 MPa. The concentrations of sulfuric acid and iron ions in the solution were determined by titrimetric analysis. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy was used to determine the concentrations of bismuth, tungsten, molybdenum, copper, silver, and arsenic in the solution, as well as the content of bismuth, tungsten, molybdenum, copper, arsenic, lead, and iron and sulfur forms in the cake. The cake was also examined using diffraction analysis. Experiments on cyanidation of oxidized cake were carried out in the pH range of 10.0–10.5 and a NaCN concentration of 1 g/dm3 with a PuroliteS992 ion exchange resin for 24 h. Autoclave oxidation experiments showed the sulfide oxidation degree to be higher than 99%. Extraction of molybdenum into solution in the form of [MoO2(SO4)n]-(2n-2) and MoO 2+ amounted to 95%. The decrease in the solid mass led to an increase in the concentration of bismuth and tungsten in the cake, with their contents reaching 1.66% and 12.7%, respectively. The main phases in the cake were established to be scheelite, anhydrite, plumboyarosite, and bedantite. The extraction of precious metals at the subsequent cyanidation stage amounted to 97.5% of gold and 91.6% of silver. Therefore, autoclave cyanide processing of sulfide gold-containing concentrates leads to a molybdenum extraction in the autoclave oxidation solution at the level of 95%. During cyanidation, more than 90% of gold and silver are extracted. Due to the significant amount of tungsten (17%), bismuth (0.9%), lead (5.3%), and molybdenum (3.3%), the obtained cake cannot be considered a waste product.
Structure and dynamic viscosity of CaO–SiO2 and CaO–SiO2–B2O3 model slag systems
Authors: Nemchinova N. V. , Ilin А. A. , Tyutrin А. А. , Galachieva S. V. , Yakovleva А. А.
Published: October 2024

Correlation dependencies between the dynamic viscosity of slag and its structural parameters were studied to determine an optimal basicity of silicon smelting slag under the addition of boron oxide to eliminate slagging of the bottom of ore-smelting furnaces. Experimental studies were conducted on CaO–SiO2 and CaO– SiO2–B2O3 model slags obtained at 1600°С. Raman spectroscopic analysis was carried out using a Horiba JobinYvon HR800UV analyzer (France). Theoretical calculations of slag viscosity were performed using Urbain and Mills models. During the experiments, the key structural parameters of slag systems varied within the following limits: the experimental Raman spectrum deconvolution function from 1.41 to 2.45 and optical basicity from 0.58 to 0.68. The obtained experimental and theoretical data were related by mathematical dependencies. It was found that the dynamic viscosity of slag can be promptly determined by Raman spectroscopy on the basis of mathematical models. The dependence obtained shows that slag viscosity decreases upon an increase in the number of bridging oxygen atoms in the silicate anion structure. Notably, this decrease in slag viscosity is observed up to the value of the experimental Raman spectrum deconvolution function of ~1.55-1.60 or slag optical basicity of 0.60–0.62. When B2O3 is added, the viscosity undergoes a further decrease. In practice, for CaO–SiO2 slag systems, the use of boroncontaining flux as a liquefying agent is reasonable at CaO/SiO2 = 0.61–0.63 while maintaining the content of B2O3 in the slag at a level of 1%. The two models (classical and modified) proposed by Urbain were established to be more suitable for theoretical calculation of viscosity in CaO–SiO2 and CaO–SiO2–B2O3 systems. Mills’ model is not suitable for these purposes, since the correlation coefficients in the corresponding mathematical model are not sufficiently large. Further research in this direction is required in order to establish appropriate dependencies of slag viscosity on its structural parameters at different temperatures.
Communication aspects of the development management in digital healthcare
Authors: Yudin V. I. , Ryumshin S. A.
Published: October 2024

The development of digital technologies in the Russian healthcare system implies communication processes, e.g. interaction of management structures and performers, doctor-patient communications, standards of medical care, and many others. This requires solving a number of managerial, organizational, and ethical problems. The Russian government has defined the main goals of healthcare digitalization: providing the population with medical services at a qualitatively different modern level, satisfying the modern demands of society, allowing the use of modern achievements of world and domestic medicine in the widest possible range. The authors consider the problems of digitalization of medicine, the solution of which is proposed through the optimization of communications of the professional community. The proposals have been developed based on the generalization of the results of sociological surveys of patients of Moscow dental clinics “Use of electronic medical records” (March 2022) conducted by the authors, a survey of residents of Tomsk (N = 107) and Moscow (N = 157) waiting for an appointment at city clinics (March 2022), as well as a substantive analysis of the websites of professional online communities “Analysis of the content of discussions in online communities of medical workers” (August 2018 – February 2019). A secondary analysis of data is based on the sociological studies by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM). Based on the results of the study, it was established that a number of problems are associated with the legal uncertainty of procedures and methods for applying digital technologies, the issue of developing communicative competencies in the professional environment remains relevant, the need for an exchange of experience in the implementation of digital technologies in the practice of doctors and administrators, professional development of personnel, and the involvement of the most active employees in the processes of designing and implementing digital technologies.
Think out Loud: A Visual Thinking Strategies experience for Students in Museums
Authors: Colizzi Marina Andrea , Ceci Federica , Miceli Federica , Troiano Mariangela , Ferrara Vincenza
Published: October 2024

VTSItalia is the Italian association that experiments and develops the Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) educational method in Italy: an inquiry-based group discussion about an artwork or a musealized object, that leads the participants in the process of complete and in-depth understanding of the observed object. In 2021 VTSItalia started a one-year project involving three high schools and two national museums in the province of Rome. The project is called “Pensa a voce alta” (“think out loud”): the aim was to create a learning environment that could encourage reasoning and confrontation in museums. This way, students might have felt part of a community with a strong interest in museums and that will continue to visit them once they finish their studies. To achieve its aim, “Pensa a voce alta” had two classroom meetings in schedule, to introduce the activities and the VTS method to the participants. The purpose of these meetings was to prepare the students for the incoming museum visit, letting them start feeling familiar with observation, discussion and learning methodology in a friendly environment such as the school one. During the following museum visits, students had the chance to observe the artworks they previously studied in the classroom and to confront themselves with brand new ones using the VTS method. At the end of the project participants made captions of the artworks based on their observations, that would have been made available for the museums’ visitors and online, on the website of the project. Results achieved have been very surprising, both for the high quality of the captions, both for the active participation of the students, who expressed their enthusiasm for the project and showed to have completely understood the aims of it.
Visualising Rhythm and Soundscape in Everyday Bus Journey in Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Grajales Gianna Piazzini
Published: October 2024

This research delves into the intricate world of urban mobility, with a specific focus on the daily experiences of bus travel in the city of Medellín, Colombia. Through a unique blend of phenomenological analysis, visual mapping, and soundscape exploration, it’s possible to unravel the complex web of societal practices that shape public transportation systems, precisely through three key methodological strategies: perception, listening, and normative reading. These strategies provide a multifaceted understanding of bus travel, ranging from the minute gestures of passengers to the broader regulatory frameworks that govern this mode of transport. Everyday life is embraced as the cornerstone for understanding society. Public transportation, particularly the buses of Medellín, encapsulates the paradoxical interplay between established norms and spontaneous rhythms. This research dissects the "molar" aspects, marked by urban structures and systemic regulations, and the "molecular" intricacies interwoven in the minutiae of daily travel. Passengers and drivers share a unique relationship, with drivers assuming a constant vigilance role through mirrors. In contrast, passengers can engage in diverse visual practices or immerse themselves in the captivating scenery. The bus's interior, filled with reflective surfaces and transparent elements, creates a visually stimulating environment where multiple images and sounds coexist. Graphic methods aim to illustrate the correlation between molar and molecular urban elements and the intricate network of public transportation. In our pursuit to incorporate a temporal dimension, we introduced innovative tools such as timelines and sound maps within our cartographic explorations, presenting both new opportunities and challenges.
Looking at the Personhood of Non-Verbal Persons with Dementia Through the Eyes of Their Carers: A Cultural Probe Study
Authors: De Coen Amber , Hendriks Niels , Wilkinson Andrea
Published: October 2024

The study presented in this paper is part of the interdisciplinary research project, Blink. which aims to improve the person-centered care (PCC) offered to non-verbal persons permanently residing in care facilities by researching ways to define, access, and integrate their personhood into their daily care. This paper discusses a cultural probe study aimed at accessing the personhood of persons with late-stage dementia through the eyes of their carers. The results from this study will aid the development of a tool(kit) that supports carers and care facilities in developing and implementing their PCC practices. Drawing inspiration from Kitwood's concept of personhood, this study seeks to explore carer's viewpoints, attitudes, and beliefs concerning their own personhood, roles, and profession, as well as their interactions with routines, spaces, objects, and other persons—all in relation to their caregiving responsibilities and the persons with late-stage dementia under their care. Additionally, the research aims to shed light on their perceived reality, barriers, and aspirations related to the discussed care context. By collecting this information, the study aims to uncover important insights into how persons with late-stage dementia are perceived and valued by those around them, and if or how these results are reflected within a care context. Lastly, the results from this study will also aid in the development of the final tool(kit) by providing valuable insight into carers as future users. This study included six direct carers working with persons with late-stage dementia in three different care facilities in Flanders, Belgium. The analysis of the results revealed themes and challenges faced by these carers, as well as insight into how their perceived roles influence their caregiving practices. Additionally, the study provides essential design directions for the final tool(kit)’s development.
On (un) Becoming Ghosts in Academia: A Coloured Female Academic’s Narratives in Post-student Protest Higher Education in South Africa
Authors: Hugo Cheri
Published: October 2024

I am conducting an autoethnographic study on the narratives of female academics of colour in the post-student protest era. I am interested in exploring how women of colour navigate this space, the progress made through the unrest, and the remaining obstacles. Autoethnography is a research and writing approach that aims to describe and analyse personal experiences to gain a broader understanding of cultural and social experiences. This approach challenges colonial research practices and aims to represent others in a more politically, socially just, and conscious manner. The concept of hauntology, as explained by Derrida (1994), suggests that socio-economic and political phenomena such as apartheid, racism, inequality, and injustice are not dead but continue to have a lingering impact on our existence. My connection to these ghosts’ dates back over 300 years, to the arrival of the first slave ships from India and Ceylon. These ghosts have been with me throughout my life, from my mother's womb through my upbringing, education, and now my academic career. In the current emotionally charged debates surrounding coloured identity, my goal is to explore how a group of female academics of colour engage with these ghosts from our past and how they can be utilised to navigate these still troubled spaces. By intertwining my growth stories with black feminist theory, particularly the concepts of respectability politics, anger, and creative resistance, I will illustrate what becomes possible in our academic and personal lives when we embrace, welcome, and liberate our ghosts.
Including the Invisible, Drawing, and Thought
Authors: Wicomb Samuel , Hugo Cheri , Cronje Johannes
Published: October 2024

In this self-reflective narrative, two design academics engage in a dialogue focused on their shared passion for drawing and their academic challenges. We delve into the unseen realm against societal shifts such as the pandemic and technological advancements, emphasising the crucial role of thoughts in the design process. Drawing from personal experiences and influenced by recent changes in design education, including movements like #feesmustfall and #decolonised education, we explore the transformative potential of drawing in navigating complex concepts. Drawing inspiration from feminist theory, we navigate our postgraduate journeys using visual and arts-based methodologies to unravel our cognitive processes. Through self-reflection, we link narratives, dialogues, and visual representations, shedding light on the various functions of drawing as a tool for critical inquiry and expression within academia. Our exploration encompasses intricate illustrations and abstract compositions, offering unique perspectives on the interaction between drawing, cognition, and scholarly discourse.
The Impact of Immersive Visualization on Engagement and Emotions Elicitation
Authors: Talamo Alessandra , Marocco Silvia , Presaghi Fabio , Vitale Valeria , Tripodi Letizia , Cedrone Samantha , Di Natale Lorenzo
Published: October 2024

The power of environments to elicit emotions in humans has been widely studied in experimental psychology by using exposure to photographs or real situations. Also, many studies showed the ability of movies and imagery techniques to arouse emotions. To this aim, giant strides have been made with the development of Virtual Reality (VR), currently considered one of the most powerful tools to experimentally investigate the effect of environments on the emotions’ elicitation by human beings. This is attributed to its capacity to provide simulated experiences that induce a sense of being in the real world. Furthermore, the immersive feature of VR, promoting a sense of presence within virtual scenarios, coupled with emotions’ elicitation, has given rise to a clinical-therapeutic application of VR, especially in the treatment of anxiety disorders. This research study, conceived by HOPE (Humanitarian Operators Psychological E-services), aligns with the broader scope of the project to use VR as an effective medium for PTSD treatment of humanitarian operators, employing a specific protocol composed of virtual war and naturalistic scenarios. To this purpose, a sample of 42 participants was used to explore the general research objectives of this study that refer to the validation of four VR natural scenarios and nine VR war scenarios, assessing their impact in emotional states in terms of valence, arousal, control and engagement; as well as evaluating potential differences between natural and war scenarios in the emotional states’ ratings.
The Importance of Data Visualisation in Natural Capital Conservation Scenario: Enhancing Decision-making Processes Through User Analysis, Personalisation and Co-design
Authors: Ucchiello Mattia Francesco
Published: October 2024

The conservation of Natural Capital emerges as a critical challenge for future generations, requiring the integration of nature and technology for effective monitoring and management. Leveraging tools like IT sensors, software, and AI, particularly evident in Agriculture 4.0, has yielded promising outcomes across various fields such as environmental conservation. However, to harness the full potential of the data collected, efficient presentation and comprehension mechanisms are essential, considering diverse stakeholders, especially end-users like scientists and policymakers. This necessitates the adoption of data visualisation and visual data analysis techniques, incorporating user participation through methods like personalisation and co-design. The exploration of data visualisation methods in the environmental sector, particularly within Italy's context where digitalisation in protected areas is low, is crucial. With upcoming investments in digitalisation and environmental sectors through strategic plans like PNRR, understanding how new technologies will be implemented becomes pivotal. Consequently, this research seeks to present and analyse optimal data visualisation methods in digital tools, aiming to enhance decision-makers comprehension and utilisation of data for strategic conservation decisions. The study proposes a novel approach to the design process, paving the way for further advancements in this domain.
Cultural identities in Marketing and Branding: Appreciation vs. Appropriation
Authors: Aman Hoda Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Cultural identities play a pivotal role in the realm of marketing and branding, serving as unique markers that distinguish individuals and communities. This research delves into the nuanced relationship between cultural appreciation and cultural appropriation in marketing, highlighting the potential benefits and pitfalls of each approach. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and real-world case studies, this study illuminates how cultural identities are leveraged in brand development. The research underscores the ethical considerations surrounding the use of cultural identities, emphasizing the need for brands to navigate this landscape with sensitivity and respect. By understanding and appreciating the rich tapestry of cultural narratives, brands can foster genuine connections with a global audience, ensuring success and respect in the global marketplace.
Towards a Smart Visual Research Method for Visual Communication Design Education
Authors: Özmen Melike , Gürsoy Dilek
Published: October 2024

Higher education in Visual Communication Design (VCD) in Turkey has faced significant challenges as a result of recent disruptive events, particularly the pandemic, resulting in shifts in learning models. The transition to online education resulted in lower engagement, attendance, and project quality. In response, the goal of this research is to create a smart and adaptable approach to VCD education that thrives in a variety of scenarios. The study emphasizes the role of the ideation phase of the design thinking approach in fostering innovation and engagement. It compares current ideation tools, specifically existing method decks and play card decks, to assess their ability to foster essential skills (creativity, innovation, problem-solving, sustainability, ethics, and collaboration). Their limitations, however, become apparent during the complex concept development process of visual communication design. The proposed 5W/1H approach appears to be a promising alternative, as it supports designers' essential skills while aligning with the field's specific needs. The study bridges the gap between designers and users by framing visual communication design as a reflective practice. This model addresses language, defining medium, and problem definition issues that have been identified in existing tools in the field of visual communication design. The incorporation of the proposed approach represents an important step toward holistic, user-centered design capable of navigating complex challenges.
Systemic Design Path to Innovate Italian Archaeological Museums into Hybrid Museums
Authors: Mucci Alessandro
Published: October 2024

The paper traces a methodological path to innovate the communication and visitor’s experience of Italian cultural heritage museums, converting them into hybrid museums by adopting a systemic design approach. Starting with an overall social and technological context observation, this design path defines both the scenario in which analyze users' interaction with the museum system and the principles for innovation strategies that could allow museums to remain relevant in a contemporary context. Insight and intervention hints have been acquired by a qualitative analysis comparing Museo Archeologico Nazionale d’Abruzzo (MANA) to other similar national and international archaeological museum organizations in order to address this case study’s challenges through innovation projects. The project proposes itself as a practical case study or possible reference for designers involved in museum innovation, covering the whole museum system and exploring a possible solution to create a more active dialogue between visitors and exhibit. Each system’s component has been designed with a holistic perspective that enhances the relationship between these projects' elements, considering them indivisible and not effective as independent interventions. Therefore, the study delves into the development of a narrative mixed reality experience concerning the Warrior of Capestrano statue, relating it to the museum's digital touchpoints that have been improved through a redesign process of visual communication. The key result is a practical design path dedicated to designers for museum innovation, along with an adaptable workflow for creation of narrative mixed reality contents about archeological finds.