bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bulgarian National Culture: Debates during the National Revival Period1 * “Ex-centrism”, “ego-centrism”, Ottoman Context2 **
Authors: ALEXİEVA Anna
Published: September 2018

The paper is focused on the problem of conceptualization of the National Culture which took place during the second half of XIX c. That period coincided with so called National Revival Epoch – an emotional concept, particular for Bulgarian popular and academic publicity. The analysis is based on the key notions “egocentric nationalism” and “ex-centric nationalism”, forged by Nikolay Trubetskoy. The intellectuals, which followed the conception of the “ex-centric nationalism”, used to imagine the national culture representations in accordance with the images of the French culture, dominant that time. Intelligentsia, related to the concepts of the “ego-centric nationalism”, insisted on the representation of national culture as having its own center, and could be defined as oriented to the ideas set of the autochtonism. Thus, the second group is famous with initiatives, related to folklore researches and popularizing the medieval heritage, regarded as “Golden Era”. These two ideological tendencies are marked with one initial paradox. From one side, national cultural policy making emerged in the context of so called National Revival period as an intellectual instrument to establish symbolical distance between the national essentiality and the Ottoman heritage, using Russian culture, the cultures of the Western Europe or of the local “authenticity” and “people’s’ tradition” as they were accessible through accessible representations of them. From the other side, these debates were born during the Tanzimât era as direct outcome of the modernization projects which were taking place in the Ottoman Empire that time: a context, where so called National Revival Epoch was installed. There is one more paradox: these discussions remained underrepresented and distanced from the mass cultural taste. Peoples’ attitudes towards the image of the national culture, incompatible with the visions by the intelligentsia, neglected the options for civilization orientation and struggles for national essentiality, keeping on numerous Ottoman key cultural elements.
Religion and Ethnicity: Muslim Turkish and Tatar Identity in Dobruja (Romania) throughout the 20th Century
Authors: CUPCEA Adriana
Published: September 2018

In my study I approached Turkish and Tatar communities in Dobruja (Romania) in the context ofthe ethnic and religious diversity in the Balkans, which Maria Todorova considers to be as theonly continuous traces of a common continuous Ottoman heritage. Using the field research anddocumentary research, I tried to identify the political, economic, cultural and social factors that havedetermined the evolution of the collective mentality of the Muslim Turks and Tatars in Dobruja fromperceiving themselves as a religious community to a self-perception as ethnic community throughoutthe 20th Century. Finally, I tried to identify the present overlays between the two hypostases (religiousand ethnic) in the collective imaginary of the Turkish and Tatar Muslims in Dobruja.
Hayatı ve Eserleriyle “Komple Bir Entelektüel” Olarak Dr. Hikmet Kıvılcımlı
Authors: ÖZCAN Canan
Published: September 2018

Hikmet Kıvılcımlı is one of the most important intellectuals in the political movement of Turkey ingeneral and particularly in the socialist movement. Up to now, the number of academic-scientificstudies that have been conducted on Kıvılcımlı, who is a highly productive and unique thinker, areinadequate. This study aimed at overcoming this inadequacy. In this study, which deals with Kıvılcımlıas an intellectual, we tried to explain what we mean by using intellectual as a concept. Thus, it waspossible to determine under which conditions Kıvılcımlı could be positioned as an intellectual.Kıvılcımlı is a socialist who is supposed to contribute to Marxism and has studied many sources, bothlocal and international. He also tried to make polemics with other socialists to be able to contribute tothe development of Marxism. He thought that a good communist should not ignore matters which areimportant for society like religion, and should believe that they can contribute to Marxism. Kıvılcımlıis a productive theoretician, but it is not a topic that has been adequately addressed to date. Therefore,in the next section of the article, the conditions, and people thought to be effective in the intellectualdevelopment of Kıvılcımlı were discussed. Kıvılcımlı’s writings on history and religion formed the basisof his theoretical work. For this reason, on these two issues were examined and attempted to include thethoughts of those who seemed to have a similar approach to Kıvılcımlı, and similarities were presented.In the next section, considering the important turning points, Kıvılcımlı’s life was examined and triedto understand under what conditions he produced his works. In this article, the original writings ofKıvılcımlı were used and the secondary sources as well as the documents obtained from the Kıvılcımlı’sarchive in the International Social History Institute (IISH) in the Netherlands were examined.
Integrating Population Health Content into FNP Program Curriculum
Authors: Myers Carole R. , Lasater Karen , Morgan Katherine
Published: September 2018

In the current healthcare environment, the healthcare industry has become increasingly focused on population health concerns. While advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) are well prepared to contribute to population health by delivering holistic healthcare to individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations, they are not engaged in initiatives to improve population health commensurate with their numbers, education, training, experience, and role as primary care providers and essential healthcare team leaders and members. This article discusses the rationale for integrating population health into APRN curricula, one program’s approach to doing so, and preliminary lessons learned from this effort. The three main lessons learned include population health content should be integrated across the curriculum for all APRN cohorts, supplementary population health content should be considered, and opportunities for integrating didactic population health content should be included across the FNP curriculum.
The Domestic Politics of European Preferences Towards Global Economic Governance
Authors: Schirm Stefan A.
Published: September 2018

Why is global economic governance often marked by controversies among EU member states despite their commitment to joint action? European members of the G20 diverge over public debt to stimulate growth and over global trade imbalances. These issues express differences in economic interests, such as competitiveness, as well as ideational divergences regarding deficit spending and the role of the government in steering the economy. Therefore, domestic politics theories seem to constitute a necessary complement to integration theories in explaining European governments’ preferences. In applying the societal approach, I argue that domestic value-based ideas and material interests shape governmental preferences in international political economy. In doing so, ideas prevail when fundamental economic policy issues such as public debt are at stake, while interests prevail, when governance directly affects the costs and benefits of specific economic sectors. These arguments are analysed by comparing the domestic politics of British, French, German and Italian positions towards two policy debates in the G20.
Description of excited states in photochemistry with theoretical methods
Authors: Merz Thomas , Bierhance Genaro , Flach Ernst-Christian , Kats Daniel , Usvyat Denis , Schütz Martin
Published: September 2018

The theoretical treatment of molecules in electronically excited states is much more complicated than in the ground state (GS) and remains a challenge. In contrast to the GS, electronically excited states can hardly be treated by a single determinant or configuration state function, not even near equilibrium geometry. This calls for multireference methods, or, alternatively, for time-dependent response methods, such as time-dependent density functional theory, or time-dependent coupled cluster response theory. In this contribution, we provide an overview on the latter techniques and illustrate on several examples how these methods can be used to theoretically investigate photoreactions.
Selenium– and tellurium–halogen reagents
Authors: Chivers Tristram , Laitinen Risto S.
Published: September 2018

Selenium and tellurium form binary halides in which the chalcogen can be in formal oxidation states (IV), (II) or (I). They are versatile reagents for the preparation of a wide range of inorganic and organic selenium and tellurium compounds taking advantage of the reactivity of the chalcogen–halogen bond. With the exception of the tetrafluorides, the tetrahalides are either commercially available or readily prepared. On the other hand, the low-valent species, EX2 (E = Se, Te; X = Cl, Br) and E2X2 (E = Se, Te; X = Cl, Br) are unstable with respect to disproportionation and must be used as in situ reagents. Organoselenium and tellurium halides are well-known in oxidation states (IV) and (II), as exemplified by REX3, R2EX2 and REX (R = alkyl, aryl; E = Se, Te; X = F, Cl, Br, I); mixed-valent (IV/II) compounds of the type RTeX2TeR are also known. This chapter surveys the availability and/or preparative methods for these widely used reagents followed by examples of their applications in synthetic inorganic and organic selenium and tellurium chemistry. For both the binary halides and their organic derivatives, the discussion is subdivided according to the formal oxidation state of the chalcogen.
Green chemistry and the grand challenges of sustainability
Authors: Noce Anthony M.
Published: September 2018

In its simplest form, green chemistry may be defined as the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the generation of hazardous substances. The brief history of green chemistry is marked with extraordinary creativity and accomplishments in meeting the “triple bottom line” of sustainability in economic, social, and environmental performance. Green chemistry is about redesigning chemical processes from the ground up, and it goes hand in hand with the sustainable practice of chemistry. We need to start at the undergraduate level, and to provide a better foundation in green chemistry and systems thinking if we are to prepare a generation of chemists able to respond to the grand challenges of sustainability.
Introduction to cheminformatics for green chemistry education
Authors: Wathen Steven P.
Published: September 2018

The tools of cheminformatics are used for describing chemical structures for use in computer databases and in analyzing the connections between structure and molecular properties. As several aspects of Green Chemistry are also concerned with structure, properties and the relationships between them, cheminformatics provides tools that can be valuable in the teaching of Green Chemistry. This paper will provide an introduction to cheminformatics with a special emphasis on its value in chemical education and Green Chemistry.
An Ideal Model for a Merger and Acquisition Strategy in the Information Technology Industry: A Case Study for Investment in the Taiwanese Industrial Personal Computer Sector
Authors: Lin Hung-Lung , Cho Cheng-Chung
Published: September 2018

In recent years, with the emergence of tablet personal computers and smartphones, information technology enterprises in Taiwan have achieved a low profit margin and have experienced competitive pressure. To arrest its decline, Taiwan’s information technology industry (ITI) must develop new products and employ different operating strategies. The merger and acquisition (M&A) strategy is one useful strategy for the growth and expansion of businesses. Many researchers have demonstrated that M&As can help enterprises build or maintain their advantageous position in the industrial life cycle. Therefore, M&As constitute an enterprise growth strategy that facilitates controllability and the most rapid growth on a business scale. In this study, we present a novel framework for evaluating M&A strategies and provide detailed computation examinations of the proposed framework, and real cases were used for the analyses. The results were consistent with those based on the proposed model. Crucially, the proposed model provides decision makers or administrators in the ITI with valuable references related to M&A or investment strategies, rendering it highly applicable for academic and management purposes.
Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulation of Steel Quenching
Authors: Smoljan B. , Iljkić D. , Smokvina Hanza S. , Jokić M. , Štic L. , Borić A.
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this research is to upgrade the mathematical modeling and computer simulation of steel quenching. Based on theoretical analyses of physical processes that exist in quenching systems, the mathematical model for steel quenching is established and computer software is developed. The mathematical model of steel quenching is focused on physical phenomena, such as heat transfer, phase transformations, mechanical properties, and generation of stresses and distortions. The numerical procedure of computer simulation of steel quenching is divided into three parts: numerical calculation of transient temperature field, numerical calculation of phase change, and numerical calculation of the mechanical behaviors of steel during quenching. The numerical procedure is based on the finite volume method. Physical properties that were included in the model, such as heat conductivity coefficient, heat capacity, and surface heat transfer coefficient, were obtained by the inversion method based on the Jominy test results. By the completed algorithm, 3-D situation problems, such as the quenching of complex cylinders, cones, spheres, etc., can be simulated. The established model of steel quenching can be successfully applied in the practical usage of quenching.
Fsh stimulates Leydig cell Wnt5a production, enriching zebrafish type A spermatogonia
Authors: Safian Diego , Ryane Najoua , Bogerd Jan , Schulz Rüdiger W
Published: September 2018

Follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) modulates vertebrate spermatogenesis by regulating somatic cell functions in the testis. We have found previously that zebrafish Fsh stimulated the differentiating proliferation of type A undifferentiated spermatogonia (Aund) in an androgen-independent manner by regulating the production of growth factors and other signaling molecules in both Sertoli (SCs) and Leydig cells (LCs). For example, Fsh triggered the release of Igf3 that subsequently activated β-catenin signaling to promote the differentiating proliferation of Aund. In the present study, we report that Fsh moreover uses the non-canonical Wnt pathway to promote the proliferation and accumulation of Aund. Initially, we found that the stimulatory effect of Fsh on the proliferation activity of Aund was further strengthened when β-catenin signaling was inhibited, resulting in an accumulation of Aund. We then showed that this Fsh-induced accumulation of Aund was associated with increased transcript levels of the non-canonical Wnt ligand, wnt5a. In situ hybridization of insl3 mRNA, a gene expressed in LCs, combined with Wnt5a immunocytochemistry identified LCs as the cellular source of Wnt5a in the adult zebrafish testis. Addition of an antagonist of Wnt5a to incubations with Fsh decreased both the proliferation activity and the relative section area occupied by Aund, while an agonist of Wnt5a increased these same parameters for Aund. Taken together, our data suggest that Fsh triggered LCs to release Wnt5a, which then promoted the proliferation and accumulation of Aund. Hence, Fsh uses non-canonical Wnt signaling to ensure the production of Aund, while also triggering β-catenin signaling via Igf3 to ensure spermatogonial differentiation.
Surgical Treatment of Cardiac Myxomas: A 23-Case Experience
Authors: Gür Ali Kemal , Aykaç Mehmet Coşkun
Published: September 2018

Objective: Although seen rarely compared to all tumors, cardiac tumors are tumors which may have a mortal course with possible complications. The most common cardiac tumor in adults is myxoma with its benign character. The results of cardiac tumors resected with open cardiac surgery in our center are reported in this study.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-three cardiac tumor patients electively operated on in our clinic between January 2010 and August 2017 were retrospectively included in the study. Information of the patients participating in the study were registered. The patients were between 25 and 67 years of age, and 18 were female (72.3%), and 5 were male (21.7%). The average age of the patients was 42.1 ± 8.9 years. Echocardiography was used for diagnosis in all patients. There was no common complaint for the patients, with the complaints changing according to tumor location. All patients were operated on by means of cardiopulmonary bypass with aortic cross-clamp and bicaval cannulation. Preoperative demographical characteristics and perioperative and postoperative data were registered for the patients and were evaluated statistically.

Results: Nineteen of the tumors (82.6%) were in the left atrium, and 4 were (17.4%) in the right atrium. Diameter of the tumors changed between 2.5 × 1.5 and 8.5 × 6.5 cm. The tumoral structure was resected together with the solid tissue located in its root in all patients operated on. Pericardial patch was used for 11 (47.8%), and primary closure was used for 12 (51.2%) of the defects. Early and late mortality was not observed in any patient.

Conclusion: To prevent possible complications of cardiac myxomas, they need to be resected together with the surrounding healthy tissue as soon as possible after the diagnosis. Cardiac myxomas can be operated on with a tolerable operation risk. Echocardiography should be made annually for any possible relapse after operation.
A Quality Improvement Initiative: Reducing Blood Culture Contamination in a Children’s Hospital
Authors: El Feghaly Rana E. , Chatterjee Jahnavi , Dowdy Kristin , Stempak Lisa M. , Morgan Stephanie , Needham William , Prystupa Kesha , Kennedy Marie
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Blood culture contamination is a safety and quality concern in children’s hospitals; it leads to increased unnecessary testing, admissions, antibiotic exposure, and cost. The standard benchmark for blood culture contamination is 3%. Our aim with the quality improvement project was to reduce the contamination rate at our children’s hospital from a mean of 2.85% to <1.5% in 2 years.

METHODS:

After initial unit-specific efforts, we formed a multidisciplinary team, created a process map and a cause-and-effect analysis, sent out surveys to nurses, and created observation sheets used to identify problem areas and record the most common deviations during the collection process. We also standardized the blood culture collection protocol and reemphasized nurse education in person and with online modules. During our project, we noted that nurses were collecting 1 to 3 mL of blood on all children regardless of weight. We developed optimal weight-based blood volumes and, after educating ordering providers, we updated our electronic medical record to reflect appropriate volumes in the order.

RESULTS:

Despite a steady increase in the number of blood cultures collected at our children’s hospital, we were able to decrease the average contamination rate from 2.85% to 1.54%, saving the hospital an estimated average of $49 998 per month.

CONCLUSIONS:

By standardizing blood culture collection methods, optimizing blood volume, creating checklists, and reinforcing nurse education, we were able to develop a best practice for pediatric blood culture collection and reduce blood culture contamination to a sustainable low rate at our children’s hospital.
Annular Rupture During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Predictors, Management and Outcomes
Authors: Coughlan JJ ,   University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Co Limerick, Ireland; 2. University Hospital and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland, Kiernan Thomas ,   University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Co Limerick, Ireland; 2. University Hospital and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland, Mylotte Darren ,   University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Co Limerick, Ireland; 2. University Hospital and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland, Arnous Samer ,   University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Co Limerick, Ireland; 2. University Hospital and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
Published: September 2018

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is the treatment of choice in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis who are either inoperable or at high risk for conventional surgical aortic valve replacement. Recent data have also shown favourable outcomes in patients deemed to be at intermediate operative risk, which expands the application of this novel technology. Despite its success, TAVI has been associated with rare life-threatening complications. Of these, aortic annular rupture is considered to be the most devastating. Advances in pre-procedural screening and patient selection have reduced the incidence of annular rupture. When this complication occurs, early recognition and prompt management are essential. This article is intended to provide a comprehensive review of the predictors, management and clinical outcomes of aortic annular rupture.
The Potential for Using Gamification in Academic Libraries in Order to Increase Student Engagement and Achievement
Authors: Walsh Andrew
Published: September 2018

This paper discusses the potential benefits of using gamification techniques to increase student engagement with library resources. It outlines the link between student use of library resources and academic achievement, and suggests that gamification has to potential to increase usage of resources, which may also increase academic achievement. Some early findings from an implementation of a gamification project, Lemontree, are also discussed in which students reported increased usage of library resources and their acceptance of gamification techniques in Higher Education.
Continuous Chlorine Detection in Drinking Water and a Review of New Detection Methods
Authors: Wilson Robert Euan , Stoianov Ivan , O’Hare Danny
Published: September 2018

Chlorination is necessary to prevent epidemics of waterborne disease however excess chlorination is wasteful, produces harmful disinfection byproducts, exacerbates corrosion and causes deterioration in aesthetic qualities, leading to consumer complaints. Residual chlorine must be continuously monitored to prevent both under- and over-chlorination and factors including pH, temperature and fouling must be considered as these also affect the disinfectant strength of residual chlorine. Standard methods used by water utility companies to determine residual chlorine concentration in drinking water distribution systems are appraised and found to be unsuitable for continuous monitoring. A selection of newly developed methods for residual chlorine analysis are evaluated against performance criteria, to direct research towards the development of chlorine sensors that are suitable for use in water systems. It is found that fouling tolerance in particular is generally not well understood for these selected sensor technologies and that long-term trials in real systems is recommended.
Hydration and performance evolution of belite–ye'elimite–ferrite cement
Authors: Zajac Maciej , Skocek Jan , Stabler Christopher , Bullerjahn Frank , Ben Haha Mohsen
Published: September 2018

The hydration, microstructure and mechanical performance of calcium belite–ye'elimite–ferrite cements were investigated by a multi-method approach. The early hydration was found to be dominated by the reaction of ye'elimite, calcium sulfate and calcium aluminate phases. The hydrates formed were mainly ettringite and an X-ray diffraction (XRD)-amorphous phase composed of CAH10 and alumina hydroxide. The later reaction of belite resulted in the formation of strätlingite and phase transformations mainly occurring within the XRD-amorphous phases. These processes modified the initial microstructure and the resulting mechanical performance. The micromechanical modelling used in this work contributes to understanding of the performance origin and reveals the role of individual hydrates in volume filling and strength evolution.
Durability of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer strands in ground anchors
Authors: Sentry Matthew , Bouazza Abdelmalek , Al-Mahaidi Riadh , Mahawish Aamir
Published: September 2018

Current permanent ground anchor standards require the use of double-protection systems encapsulating the steel strands, in order to ensure a serviceable design life. In recent years, where steel reinforcement use was restricted due to aggressive ground conditions, carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement was successfully used as a durable construction alternative. While CFRP strands have been researched and developed for use in prestressed concrete members such as bridge construction, minimal research has been devoted to developing CFRP strands for use in high-capacity ground anchors. This paper presents research work investigating CFRP strand performance when exposed to extreme aggressive environments. A series of 6-month-long experiments were conducted in an unstressed state, studying the absorption and physical effects as well as the ultimate tensile performance of the CFRPs over a range of accelerated conditions including temperature (30 and 60°C) and aggressive solutions (alkaline, acidic). Based on experimental results, the levels of corrosion protection systems required for CFRP anchor systems are critically assessed. The results highlight the importance of identifying the CFRP strand resin matrix before it can be implemented in a ground anchor system.
Effects of steel pile corrosion on permeability of hydraulic barriers
Authors: Minder Pascal , Plötze Michael , Hughes Joseph , Puzrin Alexander M
Published: September 2018

An increasing economic interest leads to construction on old landfills and waste deposits, raising questions about potential contamination of groundwater due to installation of piles through clay barriers. The current consensus in the geotechnical practice, that penetration of clayey hydraulic barriers by driven steel piles with closed conical tips should not cause pollution of the underlying aquifers, is challenged in this paper. Consolidometer and flow-column tests on clays with iron-rich pore fluid were performed for the assessment of pile corrosion effects on hydraulic barriers. Based on the results of these tests, a constitutive model for the coupled chemomechanical behaviour was modified to account for different pore-fluid chemistry and incorporated into a finite-element code to solve the problem of iron diffusion originating from a corroding source in a case study on groundwater pollution. The combined action of diffusion, corrosion and increased convection resulted in an overall increased transport rate and therefore a significantly earlier arrival of critical concentrations of the pollutant in the aquifer that was initially protected by a hydraulic barrier. Once this barrier is perforated by foundation piles subjected to corrosion, small concentrations can arrive in the aquifer up to four times earlier than implied by the initially low hydraulic conductivity.
Rate effects on the interface shear behaviour of normally and overconsolidated clay
Authors: Martinez Alejandro , Stutz Hans Henning
Published: September 2018

This paper presents a study on the effects of shearing velocity, surface roughness and overconsolidation ratio on the strength and deformation behaviour of fine-grained soil–structure interfaces. The results of shear box direct interface shear tests, augmented with soil deformation measurements from particle image velocimetry analyses, indicate that shearing velocity (i.e. velocity at which the continuum surface is displaced) has a controlling effect on the drainage conditions mobilised during shearing. As shearing velocity was increased, undrained conditions were progressively mobilised, characterised by smaller interface strength and volumetric changes for tests on normally consolidated specimens. Increases in shearing velocity resulted in increases in interface strength for overconsolidated specimens. The results presented herein indicate that, as the magnitude of surface roughness was increased, drained shearing conditions were favoured for a given shearing velocity. Soil deformation measurements indicate that the shear zone where localisation occurs becomes thicker as the surface roughness increases, and the magnitude of soil deformations decreases as shearing velocity is increased. The findings presented herein are relevant for prediction and interpretation of soil–structure interface behaviour, as well as for development of constitutive models that capture the combined effect of shear rate, surface roughness and stress history.
A Wealthless Recovery? Asset Ownership and the Uneven Recovery from the Great Recession
Authors: Dettling Lisa J. , Hsu Joanne W. , Llanes Elizabeth
Published: September 2018

Data from the Federal Reserve Board's Survey of Consumer Finances indicate that although total household wealth has fully recovered from the Great Recession, there has been only modest growth for the vast majority of families since 2010, and most families have not recovered to pre-recession wealth levels. This uneven recovery is explained by declines in home and stock ownership, which have shown little signs of reversing; thus, these disparities appear poised to persist.
Female gametogenesis and early seed development in Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.
Authors: Barrales-López Angelica , Guevara-Olvera Lorenzo , Espitia-Rangel Eduardo , González-Chavira Mario M. , Bernardino-Nicanor Aurea , Gonzalez-Cruz Leopoldo , Huanca-Mamani Wilson , Acosta-García Gerardo
Published: September 2018

Background: Attention to amaranth grains has increased in recent years due to the nutritional value of their seed proteins, which have high levels of the amino acid lysine. However, there is no detailed study describing the stages of seed development in Amaranthus hypochondriacus. Question: How are the developmental patterns of the female gametophyte and young seed in Amaranthus hypochondriacus ?Species studied: Amaranthus hypochondriacus L ’Revancha’ (Amaranthaceae).Study site and years of study: Plants were growth and collected from 2014 to 2016, in a greenhouse at Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico.Methods: Glomerules were collected before pollination and two weeks after anthesis. The ovules at different development stages were fixed and cleared and were analyzed by light microscopy. A clearing protocol was used to observe the developmental stages during female gametogenesis and embryogenesis.Results: We observed that the Amaranthus hypochondriacus ovule has a campylotropous form. The female gametophyte showed a Polygonum -type pattern of development. We were also able to identify all the stages from the megaspore mother cell to the cotyledon embryo stage. After meiosis, the micropylar megaspore differentiates into the functional megaspore. The embryo did not show symmetric divisions, although the final pattern is similar to that of in eudicotyledons. The suspensor showed additional longitudinal divisions, giving rise to a 2-rowed suspensor, while the endosperm showed a helobial development.Conclusions: These results will be used as baseline to identify morphological changes during seed development and to develop new strategies to improve seed quality or increase the yield.
Conocimiento taxonómico de la familia Poaceae en México
Authors: Dávila Patricia , Mejia-Saulés Ma. Teresa , Soriano-Martínez Ana María , Herrera-Arrieta Yolanda
Published: September 2018

Antecedentes La clasificación de la familia Poaceae ha cambiado a lo largo de los años, por la evolución de distintas áreas del conocimiento de la sistemática, tanto en sus aspectos teóricos como prácticos. La morfología y anatomía siguen siendo fuentes importantes de información taxonómica en las gramíneas. Sin embargo, en los últimos 20 años, los trabajos moleculares que buscan inferir la filogenia de los diferentes taxa, han dominado el escenario de la sistemática de la familia, lo que ha derivado en cambios y re-arreglos a todos los niveles taxonómicos. Objetivo: Realizar la revisión y actualización de la información taxonómica y geográfica de las Poaceae de México, presentando un listado de especies, en el que se señalan los taxa nativos, introducidos y endémicos, los logros alcanzados en el conocimiento del grupo, así como los retos que se habrán de enfrentar en el futuro para adelantar en el conocimiento de las gramíneas de México.Métodos: Se tomó como base de referencia el trabajo de Dávila et al . (2006). Se revisó tanto la literatura especializada disponible de 2006 a la fecha y distintas bases de datos nomenclaturales y taxonómicas.  El trabajo también incluye la revisión de ejemplares de 29 herbarios entre 2006-2017. La lista de las especies se presenta con base en la clasificación de Soreng et al . (2015).Resultados: Se registran en México 11 subfamilias, 205 géneros, 1,216 especies y 207 categorías infraespecíficas. Se presenta el listado alfabético de las especies, resaltando su distribución a nivel estatal y en particular las endémicas e introducidas. Se incluye también la distribución de las especies a nivel estatal. Asimismo, se presentan los avances alcanzados en relación a los estudios de las diferentes subfamilias con diversos enfoques de estudio, tanto metodológicos como conceptuales, y los retos que se habrán de enfrentar en los próximos años.
HIV NEGATİF BİREYLERİN DENTAL FOLİKÜLLERINDE PATOLOJİK DEĞİŞİM RİSKİ AÇISINDAN HSV1, HSV2, HPV, HPV16, EBV VE HHV8 MARKIRLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: Keskin Tunç Serap , Eroğlu Cennet Neslihan , Şahin Sevinç
Published: September 2018

Giriş:
Literatürde çeşitli virüslerin ağız kanserlerinin patogenezinde rol aldığı öne
sürülmektedir. Ancak bu konu henüz tam olarak açıklanamamıştır. Bu çalışmanın
amacı gömülü diş foliküllerinde olası prekanseröz viral markırların (HPV, HHV8,
HSV1, HSV2, and EBV) varlığının araştırılmasıdır.

Materyal
ve Metod: 18 yaşından büyük 100 gönüllü hasta araştırmaya
dahil edildi. Gömülü diş çekimi sonrasında diş folikülü çıkartılarak %10’luk
formaldehit içinde fikse edildi. Histopatolojik ve immünohistokimyasal
araştırma için HPV (HPV 8, HPV 11 ve HPV 18), p16 (HPV 16), HHV8, HSV1, HSV2,
EBV antikorlar kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca immünohistokimyasal sonuçların
klinikopatolojik veriler (yaş, cinsiyet ve sigara içme durumu) ile ilişkisi
Ki-Kare Testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. 55 erkek ve 45 kadın araştırmaya dahil
edildi.

Bulgular:
Araştırmaya katılan hastaların yaşları 17-56 (ortalama:25) arasında
değişmekteydi. Histopatolojik olarak inflamasyon, granülasyon dokusu ve
psodöepitelyomatöz hiperplazi varlığı araştırıldı. Displazi veya neoplaziye
rastlanmadı. İmmünohistokimyasal boyamada p16 %62 oranında, EBV %32 oranında ve
HSV-1 %26 oranında pozitiflik saptanmıştır. Tüm vakalarda HPV, HSV-2 ve HHV-8
immünonegatiftir. Bu bilinen diş folikülünde HPV 16, EBV ve HSV1 varlığını gösteren ilk çalışmadır.

Sonuç:
Bu virüslerin gömülü diş foliküllerinde tropizmi göstermek için rezervuar
olarak işlev gördüklerini ileri sürebiliriz.  Herhangi bir displazi veya neoplastik değişim tespit edilmemesine karşın
viral etkilerin (özellikle HPV16 ve EBV için) uzun süre gömülü kalan dişlerde
displazi ve neoplazm için tehdit olarak kabul edilebilir. Sonuç olarak
olası viral onkogenezi ve tümörgenezi önlemek için gömülü kalan dişlerin çekimi
yapılmalı ve sonrasında tüm foliküllerin histopatolojik incelenmesi
yapılmalıdır.
Adsorption and quantification of BSA on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles v2
Authors: Catalano Federico , Ivanchenko Pavlo , Sakhno Yuriy , Alberto Gabriele , Dovbeshko Galina , Martra Gianmario
Published: September 2018

Adsorption of bovine serum albuminon hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and quantification of reversibly and irreversibly adsorbed protein.
PRP treatment of Non-insertional Achilles Tendinopathy two case series: No significant difference in effect between Leukocyte-rich and Leukocyte-poor Platelet-Rich v1
Authors: Hanisch Klaus , Wedderkopp Niels
Published: September 2018

Introduction: There is a theoretical basis of the treatment of chronic tenidinopathies by Platelet rich plasma (PRP), and it can therefore be considered a possible treatment of chronic achilles tendinopathies (CAT), even though the clinical evidence for the use is not clear, and in addition there is a lack of a treatment algorithms and it is unclear with type of PRP is most effective. The objective of this study was through the comparison of two case series to assess 1. the effect of PRP on CAT 2. if any difference in effect between leukocyte rich plasma and Leukocyte-poor platelet plasma in the treatment of CAT Methods and materials: Two separate series of treated Achilles tendinopathies, with either leucocyte rich PRP or leucocyte poor PRP. Evaluated as a natural experiment/quasi experimental study design, with a short (2 months) and long-term follow-ups (8 -42 months) to assess the effect and stability of the treatment. In total 84 patients with failed basis treatment for CAT for at least six months were treated with either Biomet’s GPS III recovery kit with leucocyte rich PRP (LR-GROUP, 36 patients), or with Arthrex ACP leucocyte poor PRP (LP-GROUP, 48 patients).
A Foe of Democracy, Gender and Sexual Equality in Macedonia: The Worrisome Role of the Party VMRO-DPMNE
Authors: Miškovska Kajevska Ana
Published: September 2018

Between 2006 and 2017, the political power in the Republic of Macedonia was predominantly held by the Christian-democratic party VMRO-DPMNE. Its increasing opposition to gender and sexual equality manifested, inter alia, in the imposition of an antidiscrimination law, which did not explicitly recognise sexual orientation as a ground of discrimination, the replacement of the rather liberal abortion law with a restrictive one, and the two attempts to constitutionally define marriage as a heterosexual union. Building upon earlier inquiries into the development of the LGBT movement in Macedonia and the introduction of the new abortion law, I examine here the discourse which the ruling coalitions used to justify the removal of the term ‘sexual orientation’ from the antidiscrimination law, and the need for a constitutional definition of marriage. I explore further how the authorities pushed their conservative agenda by undermining democracy through infringement of the official legislative procedures and suppression of dissent. In closing, I underline the retrograde impact of de-democratisation on the already and the yet to be attained progressive legislation and practices in the realm of gender and sexual equality.
Antifeminist and “Truly Liberated”: Conservative Performances of Gender by Women Politicians in Hungary and Romania
Authors: Norocel Ov Cristian
Published: September 2018

This article employs a two-level analysis to compare the discursive performance of gender on social media in Hungary and Romania; the two countries with the lowest percentage of women in politics in the European Union (EU). First, by revealing the tension between conservative views about gender roles, and social and political specificities in the two countries, the research illustrates how various parties on the conservative right ideological continuum―from the center-right to right-wing populism―relate to the feminist project. Secondly, it analyzes how selected women politicians within this continuum negotiate their ideological beliefs about gender roles with their political career interests, by means of social media (Facebook). The analytical constructs of idealized motherhood and feminine toughness are employed to examine a period of intensive political campaigning in 2014 in both Hungary and Romania. The study triangulates the multi-layered discursive circumstances (the historical, contextual, and social media contexts) in Hungary and Romania, and maps out the similarities and differences that are disclosed when comparing the selected women politicians. The article makes a significant theoretical and empirical contribution to scholarship on gender and conservatism in particular and raises questions for the wider study of gender, politics, and social media in general.
Gender Equality and De-Democratization Processes: The Case of Spain
Authors: Alonso Alba , Lombardo Emanuela
Published: September 2018

Democracy is an ally of the feminist project and a necessary condition for its success. The European post-crisis context shows evidence of de-democratization processes that represent a remarkable challenge. This article investigates gender equality and processes of de-democratization in Spain in the aftermath of the 2008 economic crisis. It argues that neoliberalism, authoritarian shifts, and political corruption are three key dimensions of the processes of de-democratization in Spain that contribute to oppose gender equality. However, political contestation and feminist collective agency both in movements and institutions have played a key role in counteracting these dynamics. Civil society and feminist movements’ struggles for democracy, equality and social justice, the role of new populist left parties in channeling some of the protesters’ demands, gender equality institutions keeping gender on the agenda despite austerity cuts, and new local governments emerging from civic platforms after the 2015 elections have been effective in resisting attacks to Spanish democracy. A thorough revision of academic literature and other secondary sources helps to capture the specificities of this complex political setting.
Gendered Strategies between Democratization and Democratic Reversal: The Curious Case of Turkey
Authors: Aksoy Hürcan Asli
Published: September 2018

The processes of democratization or democratic reversal have serious implications for gender equality regimes. Although the gender and transition literature has extensively examined the relation between democratization and gender, it only recently began to question how the changing dynamics of democratic reversal influence gender politics and policies. While women’s participation and representation in the formal arena of politics has been the primary object of theoretical discussions, the research rediscovers the power of the informal arena. To find tentative answers to the newly developing research agenda, this article employs the case of Turkey. To this end, the article examines the gendered strategies of four groups of organized women (feminist, Kurdish, Islamist, and Kemalist women’s organizations) engaged in strengthening women’s rights and gender equality. It first questions how, and to what extent, organized women engendered democratization process and then sheds lights on the shift in their strategies to respond to the increasingly authoritarian and conservative Islamist political agenda of the ruling Justice and Development Party. Drawing on empirical findings, the article aims to inform the theoretical debates on the analytical relation between democratic reversals and gender rights regimes.
Plea for an Emic Approach Towards ‘Ugly Movements’: Lessons from the Divisions within the Italian Pro-Life Movement
Authors: Avanza Martina
Published: September 2018

Studies of the pro-life movement have invariably been undertaken in relation to the pro-choice movement. The stress on comparison has tended to homogenize the two sides, thus understating their internal differences. This article extends beyond an analysis bounded by a movement―countermovement dichotomy. Based on ethnographic data and on the Italian case, it considers several questions that arise from revealing the intramovement divisions at various levels. First, there are tensions relating to the relationship between orthodoxy and institutionalized politics: how far, if at all, should there be doctrinal compromises in exchange for influence over public policy? Secondly, the conflicts over modes of action. In this respect, should protests be visible in public spaces, and if so how? These two issues govern the tense relationship between the Movimento per la Vita and more radical groups. Thirdly, the issue that divides the Movimento itself; the ongoing dialogue over the attitude to be taken towards contraception, and thus sexuality. At the heart of these intramovement struggles is the definition of what a ‘real’ pro-life movement is, and how a ‘real’ pro-life movement should mobilize. This article reveals a complex and highly fragmented image of the pro-life movement that, like every social movement of a certain size, is heterogeneous in its demographic composition, objectives and strategies. To show this complexity, the article adopts an emic approach that does not limit itself to a reading of conservative movements through the eyes of progressive movements.
The Feminist Project under Threat in Europe
Authors: Verloo Mieke , Paternotte David
Published: September 2018

Is the feminist project under threat in Europe? This thematic issue addresses the question in both theoretical and empirical ways, focusing on the various ways in which feminist politics are opposed and why, on what the impact of such opposition is, and how to improve our theoretical understanding of this particular manifestation of gender and politics. The issue addresses three major challenges: a need to reflect on the most suited concepts and theories in political and social sciences to understand what is at stake in Europe today; a need to vernacularize existing knowledge while forging global frames of analysis; and a need to avoid the risk of reifying oppositional forces and of reiterating dichotomous frames and categories. The responses to these challenges are: to analyse the threats to the feminist project as parts of larger projects against social justice and equality; to contrast macro narratives by engaging with the microlevel of the anti-feminist project, enabling a critique of mainstream scholarship; to analyse the threats to the feminist project as related to processes of changes to democracy, such as democratic backsliding; to give prominent attention to discursive, epistemic and symbolic processes; and finally to include studies on the response of feminist actors to the threats experienced. This collection of articles offers a variety of perspectives on the various threats to the feminist project in Europe today.