bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WE economy: Potential of mutual aid distribution based on moral responsibility and risk vulnerability
Authors: Kato Takeshi
Published: May 2024

Reducing wealth inequality is a global challenge that requires the transformation of the economic systems that produce inequality. The economic system comprises: (1) gifts and reciprocity, (2) power and redistribution, (3) market exchange, and (4) mutual aid without reciprocal obligations. Current inequality stems from a capitalist economy consisting of (2) and (3). To sublimate (1), the human economy, to (4), the concept of a “mixbiotic society” has been proposed in the philosophical realm. In this society, free and diverse individuals mix, recognize their respective “fundamental incapability,” and sublimate them into “WE” solidarity. Moreover, the economy must have a moral responsibility as a co-adventurer and consider its vulnerability to risk. This study focuses on two factors of mind perception—moral responsibility and risk vulnerability—and proposes a novel wealth distribution model between the two agents following an econophysical approach, whereas the conventional model dealt with redistribution through taxes and institutions. Three models are developed: a joint-venture model in which profit/losses are distributed based on their factors, a redistribution model in which wealth stocks are redistributed periodically based on their factors in the joint-venture model, and a “WE economy” model in which profit/losses are distributed based on the ratio of each other’s factors. A simulation comparison reveals that WE economies are effective in reducing inequality, resilient in normalizing wealth distribution as advantages, and susceptible to free riders as disadvantages. However, this disadvantage can be compensated for by fostering fellowship and using joint ventures. This study presents the effectiveness of moral responsibility and risk vulnerability, complementarity between the WE economy and joint economy, and the direction of the economy in reducing inequality. Future challenges include developing an advanced model based on real economic analysis and economic psychology and promoting its fieldwork for worker coops and platform cooperatives to realize a desirable mixbiotic society.
Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding following birth in West Africa: A multilevel analysis using data from multi-country national health surveys
Authors: Terefe Bewuketu , Belachew Tadele Biresaw , Asmamaw Desale Bihonegn , Wassie Gizachew Tadesse , Azene Abebaw Gedef , Eshetu Habitu Birhan , Muchie Kindie Fentahun , Bantie Getasew Mulat , Bogale Kassawmar Angaw , Negash Wubshet Debebe
Published: May 2024

Background

Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), within the first hour of birth, is crucial for promoting exclusive breastfeeding and establishing optimal nursing practices. However, global EIBF rates remain low, with even lower rates observed in Africa. Despite existing research gaps, this study aims to determine the prevalence of EIBF and identify maternal and child-related factors associated with its practice in West Africa.

Methods

This study utilized West African Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 13 countries, including 146,964 children’s records. To assess model fit, likelihood test and deviance were used. Similarly, intraclass correlation coefficient, median odds ratio, and proportional change in variance were employed for random effect. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify individual- and community-level factors influencing EIBF due to the hierarchical nature of the data. Variables with p-values ≤0.2 in the binary model and <0.05 in the final analysis were considered significantly associated with EIBF.

Results

The pooled prevalence of EIBF in West African nations was 50.60% (95% CI; 50.34–50.85%). The highest prevalence rate was observed in Serra Leone (75.33%) and the lowest prevalence was found in Senegal (33.94%). In the multilevel multiple logistic regression model, maternal education (AOR = 1.10, 95% CI, 1.03,1.16), marital status AOR = 1.07, 95% CI, 1.01,1.13), birth weight (AOR = 0.91, CI 0.86,0.96), birth orders (AOR = 1.09, CI 1.03,1.16), and (AOR = 1.11, CI 1.03,1.19), place of residence (AOR = 1.14, CI 1.07,1.21), and mode of delivery type (AOR = 0.26, CI 0.24,0.29) were significantly correlated with EIBF in West Africa.

Conclusions

The incidence of EIBF in West Africa was found to be low. The study emphasizes the need for targeted behavioral change communication programs to address timely breastfeeding initiation, specifically targeting mothers and child characteristics. Factors such as education, delivery mode, marital status, birth weight, birth order, and place of residence were significantly associated with EIBF. Special attention should be given to improving EIBF rates among women undergoing caesarean sections, infants with low birth weight, and primiparous mothers, along with structural improvements in the healthcare sector in West Africa.
Factors associated with community volunteering among adults over the age of 50 in Malaysia
Authors: Sutan Rosnah , Alavi Khadijah , Sallahuddin Siti Norain , Abdul Manaf Mohd Rizal , Jaafar Mohd Hasni , Shahar Suzana , Abdul Maulud Khairul Nizam , Embong Zaini , Keliwon Kamarul Baraini , Markom Ruzian
Published: May 2024

Background

Community volunteering is defined as voluntary participation in activities and services to benefit the local community. It has potential benefits to promote social, physical, and mental well-being, and it enhances productive, healthy, and active aging. The tendency to volunteer varies across individuals and communities. There is limited knowledge of contributing factors influencing volunteering among Malaysian adults over the age of 50.

Aims

The present study aims to assess the association of demographic, cultural, and social factors with volunteering among Malaysian adults over the age of 50.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 involving 3,034 Malaysians aged 50 years and above across Malaysia, selected using a multi-stratified random sampling technique based on National Census 2020 data. A validated survey questionnaire to determine the demographic factor (age, sex, education level, employment status, health status, physical disability, and location of residence), cultural factor (ethnicity and religion), and social factor (social support, marital status, living arrangement, mode of transportation) that influence voluntary participation was distributed and collected. The association between these factors and volunteer participation was analysed using logistic regression models to identify significant predictors of voluntary participation among Malaysian adults over the age of 50.

Results

A regression model indicates that living in rural areas (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.63–2.53), having higher education level (Tertiary level: OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.86–4.13), being employed (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.10–1.56), differences in ethnicity background (Chinese: OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.39–0.86) and ease of transportation (Driving private transport: OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.19–1.32; Public transport: OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00–1.154) were significantly associated with volunteering with R2 Nagelkerke of 0.147.

Conclusion

Recognising various factors towards community volunteering should be addressed by policymakers and volunteer organisations to increase volunteer participation from potential adults over the age of 50 in promoting healthy and active ageing.
Neck strength alone does not mitigate adverse associations of soccer heading with cognitive performance in adult amateur players
Authors: Lin Chin Lun , DeMessie Bluyé , Ye Kenny , Hu Shanshan , Lipton Michael L.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Soccer heading is adversely associated with neurocognitive performance, but whether greater neck strength or anthropometrics mitigates these outcomes is controversial. Here, we examine the effect of neck strength or anthropometrics on associations of soccer heading with neurocognitive outcomes in a large cohort of adult amateur players.

Methods

380 adult amateur league soccer players underwent standardized measurement of neck strength (forward flexion, extension, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion) and head/neck anthropometric measures (head circumference, neck length, neck circumference and neck volume). Participants were assessed for heading (HeadCount) and cognitive performance (Cogstate) on up to 7 visits over a period of two years. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on 8 neck strength and anthropometric measures. We used generalized estimating equations to test the moderation effect of each of the three PCs on 8 previously identified adverse associations of 2-week and 12-month heading estimates with cognitive performance (psychomotor speed, immediate verbal recall, verbal episodic memory, attention, working memory) and of unintentional head impacts on moderate to severe central nervous system symptoms.

Results

3 principal components (PC’s) account for 80% of the variance in the PCA. In men, PC1 represents head/neck anthropometric measures, PC2 represents neck strength measures, and PC3 represents the flexor/extensor (F/E) ratio. In women, PC1 represents neck strength, PC2 represents anthropometrics, and PC3 represents the F/E ratio. Of the 48 moderation effects tested, only one showed statistical significance after Bonferroni correction, which was not robust to extensive sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion

Neither neck strength nor anthropometrics mitigate adverse associations of soccer heading with cognitive performance in adult amateur players.
Advanced paramedics’ restraint decision-making when managing acute behavioural disturbance (ABD) in the UK pre-hospital ambulance setting: A qualitative investigation
Authors: Lindridge Jaqualine , Edwards Timothy , Blackwood Leda
Published: May 2024

Acute behavioural disturbance (ABD), sometimes called ‘excited delirium’, is a medical emergency. In the UK, some patients presenting with ABD are managed by advanced paramedics (APs), however little is known about how APs make restraint decisions. The aim of this research is to explore the decisions made by APs when managing restraint in the context of ABD, in the UK pre-hospital ambulance setting. Seven semi-structured interviews were undertaken with APs. All participants were experienced APs with post-registration, post-graduate advanced practice education and qualifications. The resulting data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, informed by critical realism. We identified four interconnected themes from the interview data. Firstly, managing complexity and ambiguity in relation to identifying ABD patients and determining appropriate treatment plans. Secondly, feeling vulnerable to professional consequences from patients deteriorating whilst in the care of APs. Thirdly, negotiating with other professionals who have different roles and priorities. Finally, establishing primacy of care in relation to incidents which involve police officers and other professionals. A key influence was the need to characterise incidents as medical, as an enabler to establishing clinical leadership and decision-making control. APs focused on de-escalation techniques and sought to reduce physical restraint, intervening with pharmacological interventions if necessary to achieve this. The social relationships and interactions with patients and other professionals at the scene were key to success. Decisions are a source of anxiety, with fears of professional detriment accompanying poor patient outcomes. Our results indicate that APs would benefit from education and development specifically in relation to making ABD decisions, acknowledging the context of inter-professional relationships and the potential for competing and conflicting priorities. A focus on joint, high-fidelity training with the police may be a helpful intervention.
Analysis of critical states based on acoustic emission signals during progressive failure of wood
Authors: Jia Xiaoyan , LI Junqiu , Zhang Qinghui , Zhang Meilin , Jin Yiting , Ding Yang
Published: May 2024

The analysis of critical states during fracture of wood materials is crucial for wood building safety monitoring, wood processing, etc. In this paper, beech and camphor pine are selected as the research objects, and the acoustic emission signals during the fracture process of the specimens are analyzed by three-point bending load experiments. On the one hand, the critical state interval of a complex acoustic emission signal system is determined by selecting characteristic parameters in the natural time domain. On the other hand, an improved method of b_value analysis in the natural time domain is proposed based on the characteristics of the acoustic emission signal. The K-value, which represents the beginning of the critical state of a complex acoustic emission signal system, is further defined by the improved method of b_value in the natural time domain. For beech, the analysis of critical state time based on characteristic parameters can predict the “collapse” time 8.01 s in advance, while for camphor pines, 3.74 s in advance. K-value can be analyzed at least 3 s in advance of the system “crash” time for beech and 4 s in advance of the system “crash” time for camphor pine. The results show that compared with traditional time-domain acoustic emission signal analysis, natural time-domain acoustic emission signal analysis can discover more available feature information to characterize the state of the signal. Both the characteristic parameters and Natural_Time_b_value analysis in the natural time domain can effectively characterize the time when the complex acoustic emission signal system enters the critical state. Critical state analysis can provide new ideas for wood health monitoring and complex signal processing, etc.
A retrospective data analysis on prevalence and risk factors for hypothermia among sick neonates at presentation to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Tamale Teaching Hospital
Authors: Abdul-Mumin Alhassan , Boi-Dsane Naa Adzoa Adzeley , Oladokun Samuel Tomilola , Owusu Sheila Agyeiwaa , Ansah Patrick
Published: May 2024

Neonatal hypothermia, defined as an axillary temperature of <36.5C in a neonate, is common in neonatal intensive care units and is almost universal across all geographic and climatic regions of the world. This is even though environmental temperature is a known risk factor for its occurrence. We conducted a retrospective study in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) to document the prevalence and risk factors associated with hypothermia at presentation to the hospital. The study spanned the period from January 2019 to December 2019 and involved all neonates with axillary temperature documented at the time of admission. The prevalence of neonatal hypothermia in this study was 54.76%. Hypothermia was most common in neonates diagnosed with meconium aspiration syndrome (87/105, 82.86%), prematurity and low birth weight (575/702, 81.91%), and birth asphyxia (347/445, 77.98%). Neonates who were delivered vaginally were less likely to develop hypothermia compared to those delivered via Cesarean section. Inborn neonates (delivered in TTH) were 3.2 times more likely to be hypothermic when compared to those who were delivered at home. Neonates with low birth weight and APGAR scores < 7 at 1 and 5 minutes were more likely to be hypothermic. The dry season was found to be protective against hypothermia when compared to the rainy season. The overall mortality rate was 13.68% and the mortality in the subgroup with hypothermia at presentation was 18.87%. Our study documented a high prevalence of hypothermia with higher rates in neonates requiring intervention at birth. It is therefore crucial for perinatal care providers to adhere to the warm chain precautions around the time of birth.
Cassini-oval description of atomic binding: New insights into the quantitative relationship between hardness coefficient and bond energy energy
Authors: Zeng Weicheng
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the research hypothesis of conservation of hardness coefficient is put forward, and a mathematical formula for describing and analyzing the relationship between hardness coefficient and bond energy is established in this model. The binding process of two heteronuclear atoms can be represented by Cassini oval in dynamic form, every molecular state corresponds to one of these graphs; then the critical phenomena of molecular deformation are discovered and the calculated potential energy at the critical point is consistent with the experimental dissociation energy of molecules (R is 0.99999, P < 0.0001).
Genotypic and phenotypic drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia: A multicenter study
Authors: Yenew Bazezew , Kebede Abebaw , Alemu Ayinalem , Diriba Getu , Mehammed Zemedu , Amare Misikir , Dagne Biniyam , Sinshaw Waganeh , Tesfaye Ephrem , Beyene Dereje , Abegaz Woldaregay Erku
Published: May 2024

Background

The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has been a major obstacle to global tuberculosis control programs, especially in developing countries, including Ethiopia. This study investigated drug resistance patterns and associated mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC) isolates from the Amhara, Gambella, and Benishangul-Gumuz regions of Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using 128 MTBC isolates obtained from patients with presumptive tuberculosis (TB). Phenotypic (BACTEC MGIT 960) and genotypic (MTBDRplus and MTBDRsl assays) methods were used for drug susceptibility testing. Data were entered into Epi-info and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Frequencies and proportions were determined to describe drug resistance levels and associated mutations.

Results

Of the 127 isolates recovered, 100 (78.7%) were susceptible to four first-line anti-TB drugs. Any drug resistance, polydrug resistance, and multi-drug resistance (MDR) were detected in 21.3% (27), 15.7% (20), and 15% (19) of the isolates, respectively, by phenotypic and/or genotypic methods. Mono-resistance was observed for Isoniazid (INH) (2, 1.6%) and Streptomycin (STR) (2, 1.6%). There were two genotypically discordant RIF-resistant cases and one INH-resistant case. One case of pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB) and one case of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) were identified. The most frequent gene mutations associated with INH and rifampicin (RIF) resistance were observed in the katG MUT1 (S315T1) (20, 76.9%) and rpoB (S531L) (10, 52.6%) genes, respectively. Two MDR-TB isolates were resistant to second-line drugs; one had a mutation in the gyrA MUT1 gene, and the other had missing gyrA WT1, gyrA WT3, and rrs WT1 genes without any mutation.

Conclusions

The detection of a significant proportion of DR-TB cases in this study suggests that DR-TB is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Thus, we recommend the early detection and treatment of DR-TB and universal full first-line drug-susceptibility testing in routine system.
Analysis of arsenic-modulated expression of hypothalamic estrogen receptor, thyroid receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma mRNA and simultaneous mitochondrial morphology and respiration rates in the mouse
Authors: Alymbaeva Daiana , Szabo Csaba , Jocsak Gergely , Bartha Tibor , Zsarnovszky Attila , Kovago Csaba , Ondrasovicova Silvia , Kiss David Sandor
Published: May 2024

Arsenic has been identified as an environmental toxicant acting through various mechanisms, including the disruption of endocrine pathways. The present study assessed the ability of a single intraperitoneal injection of arsenic, to modify the mRNA expression levels of estrogen- and thyroid hormone receptors (ERα,β; TRα,β) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in hypothalamic tissue homogenates of prepubertal micein vivo. Mitochondrial respiration (MRR) was also measured, and the corresponding mitochondrial ultrastructure was analyzed. Results show that ERα,β, and TRα expression was significantly increased by arsenic, in all concentrations examined. In contrast, TRβ and PPARγ remained unaffected after arsenic injection. Arsenic-induced dose-dependent changes in state 4 mitochondrial respiration (St4). Mitochondrial morphology was affected by arsenic in that the 5 mg dose increased the size but decreased the number of mitochondria in agouti-related protein- (AgRP), while increasing the size without affecting the number of mitochondria in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Arsenic also increased the size of the mitochondrial matrix per host mitochondrion. Complex analysis of dose-dependent response patterns between receptor mRNA, mitochondrial morphology, and mitochondrial respiration in the neuroendocrine hypothalamus suggests that instant arsenic effects on receptor mRNAs may not be directly reflected in St3-4 values, however, mitochondrial dynamics is affected, which predicts more pronounced effects in hypothalamus-regulated homeostatic processes after long-term arsenic exposure.
The relationship between modifiable lifestyle behaviours and self-reported health in children and adolescents in the United Kingdom
Authors: Moran Jason , Sandercock Gavin , Shaw Brandon S. , Freeman Paul , Kerr Catherine , Shaw Ina
Published: May 2024

Obesity, along with its associated health issues, is closely tied to lifestyle habits. While certain elements affecting childhood health, such as genetics and ethnicity, are beyond individuals’ control, there exists modifiable lifestyle behaviours that can facilitate healthier living. This study employed multiple regression analysis to investigate the relationship between specific modifiable lifestyle behaviours and self-reported health. The independent variables considered included days of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), fruit and vegetable consumption, breakfast frequency, school night sleep duration, and non-school night sleep duration. These variables were chosen for their practical modifiability within participants’ daily lives. The analysis revealed a highly significant overall model (F(13,11363) = 191.117, p < .001), explaining 17.9% of the variance in self-reported health. Notably, higher MVPA levels were associated with improved self-reported health (B = 0.136 to 0.730, p < .001). Additionally, regular breakfast consumption and increased fruit and vegetable intake exhibited positive associations with self-reported health (B = 0.113 to 0.377, p < .001), while girls reported lower self-reported health (B = -0.079, p < .001). School night sleep duration was positively linked to self-reported health (B = 0.071, p < .001). Furthermore, a dose-response relationship between MVPA, dietary habits, and health was identified. These findings hold substantial potential for public health campaigns to promote healthy behaviours and prevent chronic diseases in young individuals. It is imperative to emphasise that all the variables considered in this study are readily modifiable aspects of individuals’ lives, offering a promising avenue for personal health and well-being enhancement.
Identification of potential anti-tumor targets and mechanisms of HuaChanSu injection using network pharmacology and cytological experiments in Breast cancer
Authors: Yang Zetian , Wang Yifan , Huang Shuicai , Geng Yi , Yang Zejuan , Yang Zhenhuai
Published: May 2024

HuaChanSu (HCS) or Cinobufacini injection is an aqueous extract of the dried skin ofBufo bufo gargarigans, and has anti-tumor effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible therapeutic effect of HCS against breast cancer (BRCA) using cytology, network pharmacology, and molecular biology approaches. The half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of HCS in the BRCA cells was determined by cytotoxicity assay, and were accordingly treated with high and low doses HCS in the TUNEL and scratch assays. The potential targets of HCS in the BRCA cells were identified through functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, and verified by molecular docking. The expression levels of key signaling pathways-related proteins in HCS-treated BRCA cells by western blotting. HCS inhibited the proliferation and migration of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we screened 289 core HCS targets against BRCA, which were primarily enriched in the PI3K-AKT, MAPK chemokines, and other. signaling pathways. In addition, PIK3CA, PIK3CD, and MTOR were confirmed as HCS targets by molecular docking. Consistent with this, we observed a reduction in the expression levels of phosphorylated PI3K, AKT, and MTOR in the HCS-treated BRCA cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that HCS inhibits the growth of BRCA cells by targeting the PI3K-AKT pathway, and warrants further investigation as a therapeutic agent for treating patients with BRCA.
Experiencias de las enfermeras en primera línea contagiadas con COVID-19 que recibieron atención domiciliaria
Authors: Salinas-Gutierrez Maria Pia , Díaz-Manchay Rosa Jeuna , Rodríguez-Cruz Lisseth Dolores , Cervera-Vallejos Mirtha Flor , Constantino-Facundo Francisca , Tejada-Muñoz Sonia
Published: May 2024

Introducción: Las enfermeras han brindado cuidados a los pacientes con COVID-19, y muchas tuvieron que lidiar con este virus al ser infectadas. Objetivo: Describir las experiencias de las enfermeras en primera línea contagiadas con COVID-19 que recibieron atención domiciliaria. Método: Investigación cualitativa descriptiva, el tamaño de la muestra fue con 12 enfermeras infectadas con COVID-19 que recibieron tratamiento domiciliario en Chiclayo, Perú. El muestreo fue por la técnica de bola de nieve. Para recolectar los datos se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada a través de los medios virtuales previo consentimiento informado. Resultados: Surgieron tres categorías: a) Incertidumbre ante modo de contagio, medios de diagnóstico, sintomatología y evolución por la COVID-19, b) Cuidados recuperativos en el hogar: tratamiento médico, uso de medicina tradicional y medidas de bioseguridad, y c) Impacto en la vida familiar, laboral, social, emocional y espiritual al sufrir de la COVID-19. Conclusiones: Las enfermeras presentaron síntomas leves de la COVID-19 y se recuperaron en su domicilio, cumplieron con el tratamiento médico, algunas usaron remedios caseros. Practicaron estrictamente las medidas de bioseguridad para evitar que su familia se contagie. Utilizaron la tecnología digital y reforzaron su fe para afrontar el impacto familiar, emocional y social.
Necesidades de cuidado en la persona consumidora de alcohol en un contexto hospitalario
Authors: Acevedo-Figueroa Lucila , Álvarez-Aguirre Alicia , Cervera-Vallejos Mirtha Flor , Diaz-Manchay Rosa Jeuna
Published: May 2024

Introducción: El consumo de alcohol es considerado uno de los transcendentales factores de riesgo de discapacidad y muerte prematura. Develar el sentido de la experiencia de la persona consumidora de alcohol en cuanto a las necesidades de cuidado en el contexto hospitalario e incentiva que enfermería brinde un cuidado humano. Objetivo: Comprender las necesidades de cuidado de una persona consumidora de alcohol durante la estancia hospitalaria. Método: Investigación cualitativa fenomenológica. Muestreo por conveniencia, participaron 07 hombres y 02 mujeres que consumen alcohol e ingresaron al hospital. Para recolectar los datos se utilizó una entrevista fenomenológica, previo consentimiento informado. El análisis se realizó mediante el círculo hermenéutico de Martin Heidegger. Resultados: Fueron develadas cinco categorías: 1) Necesidades físicas ante deterioro corporal, 2) Necesidades emocionales y de apoyo con traspaso de energía para vivir, 3) Necesidades de confort humano dentro de la hospitalización, 4) Agradecimiento verbalizado y escrito ante acompañamiento y preocupación, 5) Anhelos de ser cuidado como persona. Conclusiones: Enfermería se encuentra con un ser vulnerable que muestra necesidades físicas debilitadas, necesidades emocionales que requieren apoyo y confort humano, un ser que anhela y agradece al ser enfermera.
La alimentación de los enfermos en los hospitales de la edad moderna, el caso de Vitoria (Álava, España)
Authors: Ferreiro Ardións Manuel
Published: May 2024

El conocimiento sobre alimentación en los hospitales de la edad moderna en España está sustentado en documentación de muy pocos centros, mayoritariamente de grandes urbes, siendo necesarias nuevas aportaciones para ampliar la evidencia existente. A tal objeto se ha analizado la documentación del hospital Santiago de Vitoria, un hospital y una ciudad más representativos de la mediana peninsular. Se ha hallado un inequívoco enfoque económico de la documentación sobre alimentos y la consignación de su adquisición solo recoge gastos extraordinarios, mayoritariamente alimentos destinados a la botica (80% de los asientos). La dieta basal solo nos es conocida por su descripción teórica, anotándose su gasto por número de raciones o su fracción. Se evidencia una supervisión triple en su preparación y administración, así como una cuidada prescripción médica de los alimentos en las dietas individualizadas. En conclusión, los gastos no evidencian el consumo efectivo ni tampoco representan la dieta real, pues la inmensa mayoría de los alimentos consignados estuvieron destinados a la botica y no a la alimentación de los enfermos. Debe preguntarse si los estudios precedentes, que utilizan también datos de gastos, no han hecho una mala interpretación de estos extrapolando erróneamente una dieta magnífica cuando, en el caso vitoriano, tuvo una composición de clases populares.
Invención de la Espera o Tejiendo expectativas y ausencias mientras pasa el tiempo
Authors: Siles González José
Published: May 2024

En esta reseña, José Siles analiza y describe las características del último poemario del poeta Salvadoreño André Cruchaga.
Modulation of chicken gut microbiota for enhanced productivity and health: A review
Authors: Khasanah Himmatul , Kusbianto Dwi E. , Purnamasari Listya , dela Cruz Joseph F. , Widianingrum Desy C. , Hwang Seong Gu
Published: May 2024

Microbiota in the digestive tract has become an interesting topic for researchers in recent years. The profile of chicken digestive tract microbiota and its relationship with health and production efficiency have become basic data for modulating the diversity and abundance of the digestive tract microbiota. This article reviews the techniques used to analyze the diversity, role, and function of the gastrointestinal microbiota and the mechanisms by which they are modulated. The gut microbiota plays an important role in animal production, especially during feed digestion and animal health, because it interacts with the host against pathogens. Feed modulation can be a strategy to modulate gut composition and diversity to increase production efficiency by improving growth conditions.

Keywords: feed additive, metagenome, phytogenic, poultry production, prebiotic, probiotic.
The Natural History of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases Is Influenced by Age of Onset and Location of Involvement
Authors: Ketchem Corey J. , Reed Craig C. , Dellon Evan S.
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:

It is unknown whether concomitant esophageal involvement or anatomic location of eosinophilic infiltration affects the natural history of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID).

METHODS:

A retrospective cohort study was performed using the University of North Carolina EGID Clinicopathologic Database. Patients were adults and children with a prior EGID diagnosis based on clinicopathologic features. Demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment information, and procedural data were extracted from medical records. Clinical course and flare history were characterized.

RESULTS:

Among 97 patients, 43% had EGID + esophageal involvement and 57% had EGID only. Patients with esophageal involvement had a longer diagnostic delay preceding diagnosis (36.6 vs 11.6 months, P = 0.001), more dysphagia (50% vs 18%; P = 0.001), required more chronic therapy (77% vs 52%, P = 0.016), and exhibited more progressive disease (25% vs 6%, P = 0.027). A continuous disease course was most common in eosinophilic gastritis (78%) while patients with eosinophilic gastritis + eosinophilic enteritis (29%) and eosinophilic enteritis + eosinophilic colitis (50%) had the highest proportion of progressive and relapsing disease, respectively (P = 0.045). A continuous disease course occurred more frequently in children (71%, P = 0.03) and those with single organ involvement (65%), whereas adults had more relapsing (39%) or progressive disease (18%).

DISCUSSION:

EGIDs with and without esophageal involvement display many similarities, although patients with esophageal involvement more frequently had dysphagia, had progressive disease courses, and required more chronic therapy. Location of involvement and age of onset affected the natural history with higher proportions of relapsing or progressive disease seen in adults and patients with small bowel or multiorgan involvement while a continuous disease course was more common in children and patients with gastric-only involvement.
Comparison of Effective Imaging Modalities for Detecting Gastric Neoplasms: A Randomized 3-Arm Phase II Trial
Authors: Kadota Tomohiro , Abe Seiichiro , Uedo Noriya , Doyama Hisashi , Furue Yasuaki , Muto Manabu , Nonaka Satoru , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Murano Tatsuro , Nakajo Keiichiro , Tani Yasuhiro , Okubo Yuki , Kawasaki Azusa , Yoshida Naohiro , Watanabe Akinori , Katada Chikatoshi , Tamaoki Masashi , Yokoyama Akira , Furuya Hideki , Ikeno Takashi , Wakabayashi Masashi , Yano Tomonori
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:

The early detection of gastric neoplasms (GNs) leads to favorable treatment outcomes. The latest endoscopic system, EVIS X1, includes third-generation narrow-band imaging (3G-NBI), texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI), and high-definition white-light imaging (WLI). Therefore, this randomized phase II trial aimed to identify the most promising imaging modality for GN detection using 3G-NBI and TXI.

METHODS:

Patients with scheduled surveillance endoscopy after a history of esophageal cancer or GN or preoperative endoscopy for known esophageal cancer or GN were randomly assigned to the 3G-NBI, TXI, or WLI groups. Endoscopic observations were performed to detect new GN lesions, and all suspected lesions were biopsied. The primary endpoint was the GN detection rate during primary observation. Secondary endpoints were the rate of missed GNs, early gastric cancer detection rate, and positive predictive value for a GN diagnosis. The decision rule had a higher GN detection rate between 3G-NBI and TXI, outperforming WLI by >1.0%.

RESULTS:

Finally, 901 patients were enrolled and assigned to the 3G-NBI, TXI, and WLI groups (300, 300, and 301 patients, respectively). GN detection rates in the 3G-NBI, TXI, and WLI groups were 7.3, 5.0, and 5.6%, respectively. The rates of missed GNs were 1.0, 0.7, and 1.0%, the detection rates of early gastric cancer were 5.7, 4.0, and 5.6%, and the positive predictive values for the diagnosis of GN were 36.5, 21.3, and 36.8% in the 3G-NBI, TXI, and WLI groups, respectively.

DISCUSSION:

Compared with TXI and WLI, 3G-NBI is a more promising modality for GN detection.
Critical Risk Factors of PPP Water Supply Project in Indonesia (Case Study: West Semarang Drinking Water Supply Project)
Authors: Parlindungan David Raymond , Setiadi Rukuh , López Marcela
Published: May 2024

The increasing need for water cannot be denied, given the growing population and standard of living. Therefore, the Government seeks to involve the private sector through the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) scheme in the West Semarang Drinking Water System project to overcome the cost of providing a significant investment. In 2012 the West Semarang Drinking Water Supply Project (WS-DWSS) was developed by the Government. But in 2015, the project was stopped due to changes in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2004 concerning Water Resources. PPP schemes in the water sector are relatively new in Indonesia and often face many challenges in their implementation. Through the lens of a theoretical framework and by taking a qualitative and quantitative approach based on primary and secondary data, this thesis assesses the critical risk factors during project implementation in the perception of the public and private sectors. This thesis shows that the both sectors agree that there are 3 most critical risks for drinking water projects: availability of raw water (continuity/quantity), natural disasters, tariff setting & demand projection error. However, the two sectors also have different perceptions of critical risk factors. This difference shows that the two sectors have distinct views and goals as part of a collaborative project. By knowing the similarities and differences, mitigation efforts can be made to minimize the risk of drinking water projects with the PPP scheme.
Nursing Students’ Perceptions about the Effects of Climate Change on Health: A Descriptive Exploratory Study
Authors: Santos Jonalyn P. , Gumabay Eladio Martin S.
Published: May 2024

Background: Climate change is recognized as an important health concern that the health sector and nurses must prepare for. Adequate preparation and understanding of its effects on health must be exemplified by nurses and nursing students. Previous studies showed that nurses and nursing students have good knowledge of climate change and its effects on health. However, none of these studies were conducted in the Philippines.Purpose: This study explored the perceptions of nursing students about the effects of climate change on health.Methods: The researchers utilized a descriptive qualitative research design. The study was conducted among level three Bachelor of Science in Nursing students selected through purposive sampling using the following criteria: a) students who were enrolled with a full load of units in the BSN course, and b) those who have not taken Disaster Nursing course in the previous semesters. A total of 35 participants were included in the study. Data collection was done through an interview using a researcher-made interview guide. Data analysis was done through content analysis.Results: Two major themes were identified, which describe the perceptions of the nursing students about the effects of climate change on health. The findings revealed that the respondents have an adequate understanding of what climate change is and the factors that cause it. The respondents also mentioned that climate change negatively affects the physiological health of humans. Specifically, climate change increases the risk for non-communicable disease such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. It also alters certain characteristics of communicable diseases such as prevalence, seasonal pattern, and geographic distribution.Conclusion: The findings revealed that student nurses know what climate change is and are aware that it negatively affects health. However, their perceptions of the effects of climate change on health are limited to its physiologic effects, specifically on non-communicable and infectious disease, as this reflects their understanding of how environmental factors affect disease pathogenesis or development.
The Association of Nurse Burnout with Patient Satisfaction from Nurse Perspective Mediated by Nurse Job Satisfaction and Caring Behavior
Authors: Antonio Ferdi , Andy Andy , Moksidy Jevany Claudia
Published: May 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic represents a substantial threat to world health, economic stability, and civilization in general. In the COVID-19 era, health workers, particularly frontline nurses, face increasing pressure which further affects patient satisfaction. However, empirical studies that connected burnout, job satisfaction, and caring behavior toward patient satisfaction from the nurses’ point of view are still scarce.Purpose: This study aimed to explore the relationship between nurse burnout with  patient satisfaction mediated by work satisfaction and nurse caring behavior at a private COVID-19 referral hospital from the nurses’ perspective.Methods: A quantitative survey with a cross-sectional approach was conducted from March to April 2021 to test the framework on the population obtained from full-time nurses who worked at a private COVID-19 referral hospital in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The researcher analyzed the empirical data generated from purposive sampling resulting in 170 eligible respondents.  Data were collected through a self-completed online questionnaire with the Likert scale. The data analysis deployed the PLS-SEM approach.Results: The findings indicate that nurse burnout is associated significantly (p<0.05 and CI 95%) with the delivery of patient satisfaction from the nurses’ perspective, mediated by job satisfaction and nurses’ caring behavior. The mediation relationship was found with b=0.021, while the direct relation from caring behavior to patient satisfaction was b=0.277 and from job satisfaction was  b=0.582. The proposed model demonstrated adequate prediction of patient satisfaction as the dependent variable (R2=0.633).Conclusion: This study concluded that nurse burnout which consists of three dimensions mediated by job satisfaction and caring behavior had an association with patient satisfaction. Increased burnout will result in decreased job satisfaction and caring behavior. This study provides suggestions to the hospital manager to improve the quality of care by understanding nurse burnout and preventing it.
Effectiveness of Self-Management Training, “EDUDARA”, on Psychological Wellbeing and Cortisol Levels in Breast Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Supriati Lilik , Nova Renny , Rodli Muhammad , Ahsan Ahsan , Hidaayah Nur , Rismayanti I Dewa Ayu
Published: May 2024

Background: Women diagnosed with breast cancer often experience emotional distress, leading to a decrease in psychological well-being. Online self-management training during the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial for maintaining psychological well-being, as it is closely related to stress hormone cortisol levels, which play a vital role in boosting the body’s immune system. However, research on self-management strategies for breast cancer patients, particularly regarding psychological aspect and its relationship to cortisol levels during the COVID-19 pandemic, remains limited.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the effectiveness of self-management training on psychological well-being and salivary cortisol levels in breast cancer patients.Methods: This study used a pre-post-test quasi-experimental design with a control group. The participants included 70 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at a hospital in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia, recruited using simple random sampling. Self-management training using the EDUDARA (Edukasi Kanker Payudara) was administered to the participants in the intervention group for six weeks. Data on wellbeing were collected using the Ryff Psychological Wellbeing Questionnaire, while salivary cortisol levels were measured with the DBD cortisol kit using the competitive ELISA method. SPSS with t-tests was used to analyze the data.Results: The average post-test psychological well-being score in the intervention group was 90.3, while in the control group, it was 82.69. The results of statistical tests showed a significant difference in psychological well-being between the two groups, with the intervention group showing greater improvement after the training. Additionally, the mean salivary cortisol level post-training was 4.531 in the intervention group and 6.169 in the control group (p=0.001). This indicates a greater reduction in cortisol levels in the intervention group after training, showing that participants’ psychological condition following the “EDUDARA” training was better than that of the control group.Conclusion: Self-management training had a positive effect on increasing psychological well-being and decreasing salivary cortisol levels among breast cancer patients. Therefore, structured self-management training for these patients can be used for nursing intervention
Dinamika Program Siaran TVRI Tahun 1969-1989
Authors: Nafi Anan Tawazzun , Alamsyah Alamsyah
Published: May 2024

During the New Order era, economic development policies were the focus of the Soeharto administration. To implement development, the country's socio-political conditions needed to be controlled. This control was done through the utilisation of television as a tool to spread development messages. This mass media is very effective and efficient in shaping people's mindset. In carrying out its duties, TVRI does so through its broadcast programmes. However, people do not like TVRI's lighting broadcasts, they prefer entertainment broadcasts. Therefore, development messages began to be inserted into TVRI's entertainment broadcasts. This effort intensified after advertising was banned on television. At that time, almost all TVRI broadcasts were aimed at supporting development policies. This situation lasted until the New Order government collapsed.
Assessing Accented Speech with a Data-Based Assessment Framework: The Key to Evidence-based Accent-Management
Authors: Shah Amee P
Published: May 2024

Background: Foreign-accent Management continues to be a rapidly growing area. However, due to the vast variability and lack of professional regulation in this area of practice, Speech-language Pathologists and English-as-Second-Language teachers grapple with the basics of assessment, setting goals, planning therapy, and identifying successful outcomes for accent Management. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to introduce practitioners/teachers to a framework of assessment of accent-related communication concerns. The CAAI assessment framework provides major areas to include in assessment of accented speech, along with methods to assess with key examples. Using a proven assessment framework helps identify the key speech and language issues that interfere with communication, thereby setting an useful baseline for effective intervention, numerically tracking progress along the way, and conducting a systematic post-intervention outcome assessment. Methodology: Twenty-two areas of communication are identified and described in detail as key areas to identify accent-related concerns. Pre- and post-therapy assessment data, intelligibility judgments by independent raters, and the clients’ judgments are used to quantitatively diagnose, set goals in therapy, and measure eventual therapy outcomes. Conclusions: Use of a data-driven, objective assessment method helps clinicians to be evidence-based, systematic, and consistent in helping individuals with accented speech. As a result, clients’ goals of clear communication can be met rapidly and efficiently.