bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERANCANGAN KOMIK INSTAGRAM TENTANG KEPRIBADIAN INTROVERT
Authors: Almirana Azhari , Megawati Shienny
Published: December 2021

Setiap manusia dilahirkan dengan berbagai macam tipe karakteristik yang berbeda dengan satu sama lainnya. Untuk mengetahui tipe karakteristik di dalam manusia para pakar ahli dari zaman dahulu sampai sekarang terus mempelajari topik ini contohnya dengan melakukan pendekatan secara individu seperti melakukan tes kepribadian. Salah satu sifat kepribadian yang sudah dikenal baik dari masyarakat umum maupun pakar ahli psikologi adalah kepribadian introvert dan ekstrovert. Tetapi representasi karakter dengan kepribadian introvert dalam media masih tidak ditampilkan dengan benar sehingga menciptakan sebuah stereotip dan miskonsepsi negatif di tengah masyarakat termasuk di Indonesia. Dengan cepatnya perkembangan teknologi seperti adanya platform media sosial memudahkan untuk membagikan informasi secara cepat dan mudah. Pembuatan komik digital di media sosial Instagram sebagai media komunikasi dapat efektif karena generasi muda lebih menyukai konten visual. Sumber yang dikaji dalam studi literatur ini menggunakan sumber yang terpercaya, terdaftar, dan memiliki DOI/ISBN. Sebagian besar sumber artikel ilmiah dan buku yang sudah diterbitkan kurang lebih 5-10 tahun terakhir.

 

Kata Kunci: Kepribadian, Introvert, Representasi, Komik, Media Sosial, Indonesia
TREN EATING OUT, KEGIATAN MEMASAK, DAN HUBUNGANNYA DALAM MENUNJANG POLA HIDUP SEHAT
Authors: Tanjaya Delvin , Anggrianto Christian
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami fenomena dan tren mengonsumsi makanan di luar, dan efek-efek negatif yang didapat dari hal tersebut, serta memahami keuntungan dari kegiatan memasak, dan hubungannya dalam menunjang pola hidup yang sehat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kajian pustaka, dengan mengkaji berbagai jurnal internasional, nasional, dan juga buku mengenai topik terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebiasaan makan di luar memberikan banyak efek negatif terutama untuk kesehatan, dengan minimnya kandungan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh, dan banyaknya energi dan kandungan sodium, lemak, dan kandungan jahat lainnya. Hal ini dapat diperbaiki dengan menerapkan kebiasaan untuk memasak, karena beberapa hasil analisa yang menunjukkan berbagai macam keuntungan jika melakukan kegiatan memasak. Keuntungan-keuntungan ini menjadi hal yang penting dalam pembentukkan pola hidup yang lebih sehat, dan terbebas dari berbagai macam penyakit kronis yang dapat diderita di kemudian hari.

 

Kata Kunci: Kesehatan, makanan, nutrisi, penyakit, pola hidup sehat
Editorial
Authors: Dutra e Silva Sandro
Published: December 2021

Editorial
O Midas Goiano
Authors: Caldeira Brito Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

O Midas Goiano
Goiás como Rito de Passagem na Trajetória Política de Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Authors: Guedes Coelho Mendonça Jales
Published: December 2021

Goiás como Rito de Passagem na Trajetória Política de Fernando Henrique Cardoso
PENGARUH CURRENT ACCOUNT SAVING ACCOUNT (CASA), LOAN TO DEPOSIT RATIO (LDR), DAN NET PERFORMING LOAN (NPL) TERHADAP LABA BERSIH PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE 2016-2020
Authors: Widiantari Sri , Iswara Kadek Aditya Yogi
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan melihat adanya pengaruh CASA, LDR dan NPL terhadap laba bersih perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016 – 2020. Metode kuantitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi dokumentasi pada data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan periode 2016-2020 dan penelitian terdahulu sedangkan untuk teknik analisis menggunakan Regresi Linier Berganda melalui program IBM SPSS versi 24. Penelitian ini mendapat hasil (1) CASA berpengaruh positif terhadap laba bersih perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2020 (2) LDR tidak berpengaruh terhadap laba bersih perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2020 dan (3) NPL berpengaruh negatif terhadap laba bersih perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2020.  Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membuka wawasan kepada investor terkait analisis fundamental perusahaan perbankan yang dapat dijadikan pertimbangan dalam berinvestasi.
Kolaborasi Produksi Konten YouTube melalui Multi-Channel Network: Studi pada Kreator Sandy SS dengan Collab Asia
Authors: Lestari Catleya Indah , Irwansyah Irwansyah
Published: December 2021

Perkembangan industri digital audiovisual, khususnya pada media sosial berbasis video YouTube, membuat para kreator konten video terus berkembang dan berubah. Penelitian ini akan menjelaskan bagaimana sebuah perusahaan multi-channel network (MCN) bekerja dan berkolaborasi dengan kreator demi mewujudkan produksi konten yang menarik dan layak tonton pada media sosial YouTube. Penelitian juga melihat bagaimana perusahaan multi-channel network dapat membantu kreator konten yang mengalami kesulitan dalam memproduksi konten dan menggunakan akun salurannya secara optimal. Peneliti menemukan bahwa kolaborasi produksi konten dengan menggunakan lima tahapan adopsi difusi inovasi oleh Everett Rogers melihat lebih dalam bagaimana Collab Asia sebagai sebuah perusahaan multi-channel network melakukan kolaborasi guna memproduksi konten video di YouTube, dapat berhasil dengan baik. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima tahapan difusi inovasi teradopsi dari kedua pihak baik Sandy SS sebagai kreator konten dan Collab Asia sebagai perusahaan multi-channel network yang menaunginya berjalan dengan baik.
The Effect of Smartphone Usage Frequency on Online Repertoire by Immigrant Digital Groups
Authors: Hatama Mashita Putri , Safitri Reza , Sujoko Anang
Published: December 2021

Inspired by the Media Repertoire idea in various studies, this article analyzes what digital immigrant groups build-in using Smartphones in everyday life. The repertoire is the selection of media used periodically based on its usefulness and became an identifiable routine. This study grouped Smartphones activities for various interests into 5 themes including; Entertainment, Transactions, Consumption, Production/Participation, and Social Welfare Services. How the results of the online repertoire on Smartphones based on these 5 themes. Whether the frequency of use using The Uses and Gratification theory can form a Repertoire of 5 grouped themes, the researcher take this data at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang for lecturers and active employees who are a group of Digital Immigrants by distributing online questionnaires and sampling techniques using the formula Slovin (N: 107). To identify the online repertoire in Smartphones using PLS (Partial Least Square) analysis so that it can be known as the coefficient value in variable X in influencing variable Y. The results showed that consumption theme has a coefficient value of 0.849 > from t-table 0.6 which means it has the largest contribution compared to other 4 dimensions so that consumption is an online repertoire in Smartphones in the Digital Immigrant group and the frequency of use (Uses & Gratification theory) has a dominant influence in the formation of online repertoire in Smartphones with a statistical value of 4,526 > from t-table 1.96. The conclusion is that the duration and frequency of using smartphones can make Indonesian people, especially digital groups of immigrants, become active consumers to shop online in e-commerce.
GRASS: Distinguishing Planet-induced Doppler Signatures from Granulation with a Synthetic Spectra Generator
Authors: Palumbo III Michael L. , Ford Eric B. , Wright Jason T. , Mahadevan Suvrath , Wise Alexander W. , Löhner-Böttcher Johannes
Published: December 2021

Owing to recent advances in radial-velocity instrumentation and observation techniques, the detection of Earth-mass planets around Sun-like stars may soon be primarily limited by intrinsic stellar variability. Several processes contribute to this variability, including starspots, pulsations, and granulation. Although many previous studies have focused on techniques to mitigate signals from pulsations and other types of magnetic activity, granulation noise has to date only been partially addressed by empirically motivated observation strategies and magnetohydrodynamic simulations. To address this deficit, we present the GRanulation And Spectrum Simulator (GRASS), a new tool designed to create time-series synthetic spectra with granulation-driven variability from spatially and temporally resolved observations of solar absorption lines. In this work, we present GRASS, detail its methodology, and validate its model against disk-integrated solar observations. As a first-of-its-kind empirical model for spectral variability due to granulation in a star with perfectly known center-of-mass radial-velocity behavior, GRASS is an important tool for testing new methods of disentangling granular line-shape changes from true Doppler shifts.
Large-scale Structure and Turbulence Transport in the Inner Solar Wind: Comparison of Parker Solar Probe’s First Five Orbits with a Global 3D Reynolds-averaged MHD Model
Authors: Chhiber Rohit , Usmanov Arcadi V. , Matthaeus William H. , Goldstein Melvyn L.
Published: December 2021

Simulation results from a global magnetohydrodynamic model of the solar corona and solar wind are compared with Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observations during its first five orbits. The fully three-dimensional model is based on Reynolds-averaged mean-flow equations coupled with turbulence-transport equations. The model includes the effects of electron heat conduction, Coulomb collisions, turbulent Reynolds stresses, and heating of protons and electrons via a turbulent cascade. Turbulence-transport equations for average turbulence energy, cross helicity, and correlation length are solved concurrently with the mean-flow equations. Boundary conditions at the coronal base are specified using solar synoptic magnetograms. Plasma, magnetic field, and turbulence parameters are calculated along the PSP trajectory. Data from the first five orbits are aggregated to obtain trends as a function of heliocentric distance. Comparison of simulation results with PSP data shows good agreement, especially for mean-flow parameters. Synthetic distributions of magnetic fluctuations are generated, constrained by the local rms turbulence amplitude given by the model. Properties of this computed turbulence are compared with PSP observations.
Eta Carinae: A Tale of Two Periastron Passages
Authors: Gull Theodore R. , Navarete Felipe , Corcoran Michael F. , Damineli Augusto , Espinoza David , Hamaguchi Kenji , Hartman Henrik , Hillier D. John , Madura Thomas , Moffat Anthony F. J. , Morris Patrick , Nielsen Krister , Pittard Julian M. , Pollock Andrew M. T. , Richardson Noel D. , Russell Christopher M. P. , Stevens Ian R. , Weigelt Gerd
Published: December 2021

Since 2002, the far-ultraviolet (FUV) flux (1150–1680 Å) of Eta Carinae, monitored by the Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, has increased by an order of magnitude. This increase is attributed to partial dissipation of a line-of-sight (LOS) occulter that blocks the central core of the system. Across the 2020 February periastron passage, changes in the FUV emission show a stronger wavelength dependence than occurred across the 2003 July periastron passage. Across both periastron passages, most of the FUV spectrum dropped in flux then recovered a few months later. The 2020 periastron passage included enhancements of FUV flux in narrow spectral intervals near periastron followed by a transient absorption and recovery to pre-periastron flux levels. The drop in flux is due to increased absorption by singly ionized species as the secondary star plunges deep into the wind of the primary star, which blocks the companion’s ionizing radiation. The enhanced FUV emission is caused by the companion’s wind-blown cavity briefly opening a window to deeper layers of the primary star. This is the first time transient brightening has been seen in the FUV comparable to transients previously seen at longer wavelengths. Changes in resonance line-velocity profiles hint that the dissipating occulter is associated with material in LOS moving at −100 to −300 km s−1, similar in velocity of structures previously associated with the 1890s lesser eruption.
Bunch Expansion as a Cause for Pulsar Radio Emissions
Authors: Benáček Jan , Muñoz Patricio A. , Büchner Jörg
Published: December 2021

Electromagnetic waves due to electron–positron clouds (bunches), created by cascading processes in pulsar magnetospheres, have been proposed to explain the pulsar radio emission. In order to verify this hypothesis, we utilized for the first time Particle-in-Cell (PIC) code simulations to study the nonlinear evolution of electron–positron bunches dependant on the initial relative drift speeds of electrons and positrons, plasma temperature, and distance between the bunches. For this sake, we utilized the PIC code ACRONYM with a high-order field solver and particle weighting factor, appropriate to describe relativistic pair plasmas. We found that the bunch expansion is mainly determined by the relative electron–positron drift speed. Finite drift speeds were found to cause the generation of strong electrostatic superluminal waves at the bunch density gradients that reach up to E ∼ 7.5 × 105 V cm−1 (E/(m

e

c
ω

p

e
−1) ∼ 4.4) and strong plasma heating. As a result, up to 15% of the initial kinetic energy is transformed into the electric field energy. Assuming the same electron and positron distributions, we found that the fastest (in the bunch reference frame) particles of consecutively emitted bunches eventually overlap in momentum (velocity) space. This overlap causes two-stream instabilities that generate electrostatic subluminal waves with electric field amplitudes reaching up to E ∼ 1.9 × 104 V cm−1 (E/(m

e

c
ω

p

e
−1) ∼ 0.11). We found that in all simulations the evolution of electron–positron bunches may lead to the generation of electrostatic superluminal or subluminal waves, which, in principle, can be behind the observed electromagnetic emissions of pulsars in the radio wave range.
Reconstructing the Last Major Merger of the Milky Way with the H3 Survey
Authors: Naidu Rohan P. , Conroy Charlie , Bonaca Ana , Zaritsky Dennis , Weinberger Rainer , Ting 丁 Yuan-Sen 源森 , Caldwell Nelson , Tacchella Sandro , Han Jiwon Jesse , Speagle Joshua S. , Cargile Phillip A.
Published: December 2021

Several lines of evidence suggest that the Milky Way underwent a major merger at z ∼ 2 with the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE) galaxy. Here we use H3 Survey data to argue that GSE entered the Galaxy on a retrograde orbit based on a population of highly retrograde stars with chemistry similar to the largely radial GSE debris. We present the first tailored N-body simulations of the merger. From a grid of ≈500 simulations we find that a GSE with M
⋆ = 5 × 108
M
⊙, M
DM = 2 × 1011
M
⊙ best matches the H3 data. This simulation shows that the retrograde stars are stripped from GSE’s outer disk early in the merger. Despite being selected purely on angular momenta and radial distributions, this simulation reproduces and explains the following phenomena: (i) the triaxial shape of the inner halo, whose major axis is at ≈35° to the plane and connects GSE’s apocenters; (ii) the Hercules-Aquila Cloud and the Virgo Overdensity, which arise due to apocenter pileup; and (iii) the 2 Gyr lag between the quenching of GSE and the truncation of the age distribution of the in situ halo, which tracks the lag between the first and final GSE pericenters. We make the following predictions: (i) the inner halo has a “double-break” density profile with breaks at both ≈15–18 kpc and 30 kpc, coincident with the GSE apocenters; and (ii) the outer halo has retrograde streams awaiting discovery at >30 kpc that contain ≈10% of GSE’s stars. The retrograde (radial) GSE debris originates from its outer (inner) disk—exploiting this trend, we reconstruct the stellar metallicity gradient of GSE (−0.04 ± 0.01 dex

r

50

−
1

). These simulations imply that GSE delivered ≈20% of the Milky Way’s present-day dark matter and ≈50% of its stellar halo.
Multiwavelength Spectral Analysis and Neural Network Classification of Counterparts to 4FGL Unassociated Sources
Authors: Kerby Stephen , Kaur Amanpreet , Falcone Abraham D. , Eskenasy Ryan , Hancock Fredric , Stroh Michael C. , Ferrara Elizabeth C. , Ray Paul S. , Kennea Jamie A. , Grove Eric
Published: December 2021

The Fermi-LAT unassociated sources represent some of the most enigmatic gamma-ray sources in the sky. Observations with the Swift-XRT and -UVOT telescopes have identified hundreds of likely X-ray and UV/optical counterparts in the uncertainty ellipses of the unassociated sources. In this work we present spectral fitting results for 205 possible X-ray/UV/optical counterparts to 4FGL unassociated targets. Assuming that the unassociated sources contain mostly pulsars and blazars, we develop a neural network classifier approach that applies gamma-ray, X-ray, and UV/optical spectral parameters to yield a descriptive classification of unassociated spectra into pulsars and blazars. From our primary sample of 174 Fermi sources with a single X-ray/UV/optical counterpart, we present 132 P
bzr > 0.99 likely blazars and 14 P
bzr < 0.01 likely pulsars, with 28 remaining ambiguous. These subsets of the unassociated sources suggest a systematic expansion to catalogs of gamma-ray pulsars and blazars. Compared to previous classification approaches our neural network classifier achieves significantly higher validation accuracy and returns more bifurcated P
bzr values, suggesting that multiwavelength analysis is a valuable tool for confident classification of Fermi unassociated sources.
Two Analytic Relations Connecting the Hot Gas Astrophysics with the Cold Dark Matter Model for Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Chan Man Ho
Published: December 2021

Galaxy clusters are good targets for examining our understanding of cosmology. Apart from numerical simulations and gravitational lensing, X-ray observation is the most common and conventional way to analyze the gravitational structures of galaxy clusters. Therefore, it is valuable to have simple analytical relations that can connect the observed distribution of the hot, X-ray-emitting gas to the structure of the dark matter in the clusters as derived from simulations. In this article, we apply a simple framework that can analytically connect the hot gas empirical parameters with the standard parameters in the cosmological cold dark matter model. We have theoretically derived two important analytic relations,

r

s

≈

3

r

c

and

ρ

s

≈
9
β
kT

/

8
π

Gm

g

r

c

2

, which can easily relate the dark matter properties in galaxy clusters with the hot gas properties. This can give a consistent picture describing gravitational astrophysics for galaxy clusters by the hot gas and cold dark matter models.
Unusual Case of Low-Velocity Large Object Penetrating the Frontal Bone with Favorable Outcome: A Case Report in Pediatric Patient
Authors: Daulay Elvita Rahmi
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Penetrating head injury is one of the deadliest forms of head trauma; the outcome is usually low, and patients who survive long enough require complex medical treatment. Immediate imaging assessment with appropriate management can improve patient recovery.

CASE REPORT: We reported a case of head penetration trauma on a 12-year-old child with embedded cylindrical iron that enters the skull without any signs of neurological deficit.

CONCLUSIONS: This case shows that aggressive diagnostic imaging and emergency care followed by proper immediate head surgery management and postoperative intensive care to monitor and intervene in possible surgical and medical complications could significantly improve patient outcomes.
Health Behavior Education to Prevent Coronavirus Disease-19 in Orphanages: Roleplay Strategies
Authors: Kusumo Mahendro Prasetyo
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:There is currently a considerable international debate around school closings and children's role in transmitting SARS-CoV-2.

AIM: This study wants to develop health education to increase knowledge and behavior of clean living in orphanages during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHOD: The design used was a quasi-experimental one-group pre-post-test design. The study was conducted at an orphanage located in Yogyakarta from October to December 2020. The sample size in this study was 171 orphanage with total sampling technique. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using paired-sample t-test. All children at the orphanage as respondents adjusted for inclusion criteria. The roleplay method through cartoon art performances was to convey the material. The questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and practice of healthy living habits during the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESULTS: The resulting data were analyzed using paired-sample t-test. There were differences in children's behavior before and after health education (p <0.005). The selection of educational methods was the primary key to success in increasing knowledge and healthy living behavior. The roleplay method using cartoon characters could convey health messages. Before playing the role, the researchers compiled scenarios and story transcripts used for health education. The atmosphere was relaxed and fun to increase children's motivation to get involved when delivering the material.

CONCLUSION: The roleplay method through cartoon art performances effectively changed knowledge and behavior in healthy living during the COVID-19 pandemic. The story selection performed was the key to this method's success.
Leprosy Mimicking as Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report
Authors: Sridana Made Edwin , Kurniari Pande Ketut , Kambayana Gede
Published: December 2021

Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which mainly damages the skin and peripheral nerves, and can also infect joints and bones. Clinical manifestations are complex, varied, and often underdiagnosed. The clinical manifestations vary and are called "the great imitator". musculoskeletal features are common in leprosy but infrequently reported. A case of borderline lepromatous (BL) type leprosy was initially suspected as rheumatoid arthritis in a 20-year-old Balinese male who complained of pain and swelling in small joints, accompanied by lesions in the form of multiple erythema macules, round-shaped geography, indistinct boundaries, with bilateral distribution is almost symmetrical in the face, thoracoabdominal, and extremity regions. The diagnosis of BL type leprosy is based on history taking, physical examination, and investigations in the form of Ziehl-Neelsen stain and blood tests.
Cerebellar Infarct Accompanied by Acute Hydrocephalus: A Case Report of 1-Year Follow-up in Rural Neurosurgical Practice
Authors: Bastian Reza Akbar , Hartanto Rachmat Andi , Setiarini Rohmania
Published: December 2021

Cerebellar infarctions account for about 2-3% of all ischemic strokes, and acute hydrocephalus due to brainstem compression or compression of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows is a rare manifestation from a stroke of the posterior circulation. The condition is considered one of the most life-threatening complications in cerebellar infarct due to the possibility of transforaminal and upward transtentorial herniation. The management of patients with cerebellar infarct is challenging, because the patient usually presents with non-specific signs and symptoms until the patient loses consciousness. Standard management should be provided by a stroke unit team or neuro-intensive care unit. The precision timing of treatment and evaluation with close observation is crucial, even when there is no life-threatening condition at initial presentation, but sometimes it is difficult to fulfill in rural areas due to the substandard facilities and lack of resources. Here we report a case of cerebellar infarct with massive edema in association with acute hydrocephalus with the progressive deterioration that happened in a rural area. A 59-year-old male patient complained about an episode of sudden headache which was followed by dizziness, vomiting, and loss of balance. A head non-contrast CT scan in the emergency room (ER) is performed 4 hours after ictus, showed a slightly hypodense lesion in the left cerebellum, without accompanying edema and hydrocephalus. The patient was then managed conservatively in the ward. In the next 36 hours, his consciousness level was reduced and a head CT scan evaluation showed the development of massive edema of cerebellar infarct with acute hydrocephalus. The patient underwent an emergency surgical procedure with suboccipital decompressive craniectomy (SDC) with strokectomy, expanded duraplasty, and ventricular drainage (ventriculoperitoneal shunt). Satisfactory results with rapid resolution of GCS was seen at daily follow-up after surgery. A 1-year follow-up also showed remarkable outcomes.
Immunological Aspect in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Darmadi Darmadi , Ruslie Riska Habriel
Published: December 2021

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation in the alimentary tract due to improper immune response toward external and internal antigens. The disease consists of 2 entities: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The disease’s prevalence is increasing worldwide due to westernization and industrialization. Europe still holds the highest prevalence of IBD in the world. There are 2 peaks of disease incidence. The first is in the third decade of life and the second is in the fourth decade. Slight male predominance is observed in IBD. Internal and external risk factors play important role in the occurrence of IBD including genetic, smoking, reduced fibre intake, less or absent breastfeeding, sedentary occupation, pollution exposure, and medications. The disease carries heavy economic burden and hampers patient’s quality of life. The immune concept of IBD was hypothesized in 1950s since the symptoms resolved with the administration of steroid. Innate and adaptive immune systems are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. Antigen presenting cells are found hyperactive, intestinal barrier is disrupted, and autophagy activity is increased. Molecular mimicry occurs between foreign and self antigen. The activity of T helper (Th)1, Th2, and Th17 is amplified while regulatory T cell’s activity is suppressed. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production is elevated but anti-inflammatory cytokines is lowered. Finally, there is increased immunoglobulin G level in intestinal mucosa and imbalance of gut microorganism. All the above immune disturbances lead to chronic inflammation in IBD.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A, Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthetase, and HSP70 Expression in Improving Erectile Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Mukti Ade Indra , Ilyas Syafruddin , Warli Syah Mirsya , Putra Agung , Rasyid Nur , Munir Delfitri , Siregar Kamal Basri , Ichwan Muhammad , Alif Iffan , Hidayah Nurul
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on erectile function in a diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED) rat model by analyzing the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the 70 kilodalton heat shock proteins (HSP70). MSCs were isolated from umbilical cords (UCs), and their characteristics identified by flow cytometry and osteogenic differentiation analysis. Thirty 8-week-old rats were divided into four groups: sham, control, T1, and T2. After a 16 h fast, 24 rats were randomly selected and intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce DM. At 8 weeks after STZ injection, rats with DMED were classified into four groups, sham, control group [DMED rats received 500 μL phosphate buffer saline (PBS)]; T1 [DMED rats treated with 500 μL PBS containing 1 × 106 UC-MSCs]; T2 [DMED rats treated with 500 μL PBS containing 2 × 106 UC-MSCs]. Eight weeks after MSCs administration, the rats’ erectile function was measured by cavernous nerve stimulation. The blinded histological and gene expression assessment were used to analyze the eNOS, HSP70 content, and VEGF expression on the penile tissues. MSCs administration, rats in T1 and T2 groups showed a significant enhancement of erectile response that showed a trend of increase of VEGF mRNA level expression was 2.2 ± 0.61 in T2 Group supported with the optimum recovery of eNOS, in which the value of eNOS expression was 20.66% ± 2.32%. While optimum decrease of HSP70 content, the value of HSP70 expression was 15.50% ± 0.90%. IHC results showed that the DMED induction in rats caused a significant decrease of eNOS content in corpus cavernosum tissue. MSCs could ameliorate DMED in rats by increasing VEGF and decreasing HSP70 and eNOS, indicating these cells offer a potential application for DMED patients’ treatment.
Comparative analysis of phytolith spectra of steppe and forest phytocoenoses 
Authors: Speranskaya Natalia Y. , Zhembrovskaya Tatyana A. , Bobkova Daria G.
Published: December 2021

The primary research goal is to identify differences and diagnostic features of the phytolith spectra of the steppe and forest phytocoenoses. The paper presents the research results of recent soils from various communities. The authors employ the phytolith analysis method. The isolation of phytoliths from recent soils has been carried out with the help of the maceration method and from plants – the dry ashing method. The authors counted the phytoliths using the Olympus BX-51 light microscope. Additionally, the authors have compiled the spectra using the 2C software. The paper compares the phytolith spectra of plain and mountain steppe phytocoenoses. The comparison reveals that the considered plain communities are more similar in phytolith composition than the mountain ones. The following morphotypes are common for all spectra: low conical rondel particles and psilate ribbed particles. These are the forms that characterize steppe communities. Analysis of phytolith spectra of the mountain forest communities demonstrates that the presence of ribbed particles of psilate is common for all spectra. The common feature of all forest spectra is the presence of psilate symmetrical particles, polylobate trapeziforms, lanceolates (trichomes) with a massive base, and trapeziform bilobate (“Stipa-type”) particles. In the spectra of all pine forests, there is a low content or complete absence of needle phytoliths. Diagnostic features of individual phytocoenoses have not been found. The most significant is the ratio of individual phytolith forms in the phytolith spectrum. The comparative analysis of phytolith spectra of the phytocoenoses in the south of western Siberia is carried out for the first time.
Cost-benefit evaluation of management strategies for an invasive amphibian with a stage-structured model
Authors: Vimercati Giovanni , Davies Sarah J. , Hui Cang , Measey John
Published: December 2021

Management strategies for invasive populations should be designed to maximise efficacy and efficiency, i.e. to accomplish their goals while operating with the least resource consumption. This optimisation is often difficult to achieve in stage-structured populations, because costs, benefits and feasibility of removing individuals may vary with stage. We use a spatially-explicit stage-structured model to assess efficacy of past, present and alternative control strategies for invasive guttural toads, Sclerophrys gutturalis, in Cape Town. The strategies involve removal of variable proportions of individuals at different life-history stages and spatial scales. We also quantify the time necessary to implement each strategy as a proxy of financial resources and we correct strategy outcomes by implementation of time to estimate efficiency. We found that the strategy initially pursued in Cape Town, which did not target any specific stage, was less efficient than the present strategy, which prioritises adult removal. The initial strategy was particularly inefficient because it did not reduce the population size despite allocating consistent resources to remove eggs and tadpoles. We also found that such removal might be detrimental when applied at high levels. This counter-intuitive outcome is due to the ‘hydra effect’: an undesired increase in population size caused by removing individuals before overcompensatory density dependence. Strategies that exclusively remove adults ensure much greater management efficiency than those that also remove eggs and tadpoles. Available management resources should rather be allocated to increase the proportion of adult guttural toads that are removed or the spatial extent at which this removal is pursued.
Biological control of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) by the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga in Bulgaria in 2021
Authors: Georgiev Georgi , Mirchev Plamen , Georgieva Margarita , Kechev Mihail , Belilov Sevdalin , Matova Maria , Petrova Vyara , Mateva Petya , Kirilova Maria , Mutafchiiski Ilian
Published: December 2021

In 2021, biological control programme against gipsy moth (Lymantria dispar) populations was carried out by introduction of the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga on the territory of four State Forest Enterprises: Municipal Enterprise (ME) ‘Management of Municipal Forests, Agriculture and Forestry’, Nessebar; State Game Enterprises (SGE) Nessebar and Balchik; State Forestry (SF) Vidin. The pathogen was introduced during the period 15-26.03.2021 in 34 localities - five in ME Nessebar, eight in SGE Nessebar, ten in SGE Balchik and eleven in SF Vidin. The average number of gypsy moth population density in the locations of introduction was relatively high, ranging between 0.4-15.9 egg mass/tree in the area of ​​SGE Balchik and 11.9-65.0 egg mass/tree in the area of ​​ME Nessebar. The average mortality of young gypsy moth caterpillars (first-third instar) due to E. maimaiga varied between 2.6% (SGE Balchik) and 13.0% (SF Vidin), and of caterpillars in later fourth-sixth instar - between 20.7% (SF Vidin) and 52.4% (ME Nessebar). The overall mortality of the gipsy moth caterpillars due to E. maimaiga was lowest in the region of SGE Balchik (26.1%), followed by SF Vidin (33.7%), SGE Nessebar (48.5%) and ME Nessebar (55.9%). As a result of the introduction, gipsy moth severe outbreaks in the region of Nessebar was significantly suppressed. The high number of E. maimaiga resting spores persists in the surface layers of the soil in the other two areas (Vidin and Balchik) has the potential to suppress L. dispar attacks in next years.
Le site archéologique d’Angkor pendant la troisième guerre d’Indochine, un objet des relations internationales, 1980-1991
Authors: Casteran Mathilde
Published: December 2021

Entre 1980 et 1991, alors que le conflit cambodgien fait rage, le site d’Angkor est l’objet de conflits et de négociations diplomatiques entre différents acteurs : les États impliqués dans le conflit qui utilisent le site afin d’affirmer leur souveraineté sur le territoire cambodgien, les États percevant dans Angkor une opportunité pour s’implanter durablement en Asie du Sud-Est et enfin l’Unesco qui joue avec Angkor sa légitimité en tant qu’organisation responsable du patrimoine mondial.
La mémoire de la Grande Guerre au prisme du cinquantenaire, 1964-1968
Authors: Arnaud Victor
Published: December 2021

Entre 1964 et 1968, la France commémore le cinquantième anniversaire de la Grande Guerre. Un événement que le général de Gaulle souhaite très régalien. Ces cérémonies sont l’occasion d’une avancée diplomatique et d’un rapprochement avec l’ancien ennemi, l’Allemagne, même si la rancœur reste parfois vivace. À travers cet anniversaire, les Français se prennent de passion pour ce conflit éclipsé par la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Grâce à la télévision qui fait son apparition dans les foyers ou l’école, la nation se souvient d’un conflit qui a fait 1,4 million de victimes françaises.
Le retour d’expérience de l’opération Tacaud : une étude au cœur de la mutation des forces d’intervention françaises
Authors: Lebreton Emmanuel
Published: December 2021

Les opérations militaires françaises à l’étranger donnent systématiquement lieu à un retour d’expérience permettant d’en tirer des enseignements. L’expérience combattante des militaires engagés au Tchad entre 1978 et 1980 dans le cadre de l’opération Tacaud occupe une place centrale dans la réadaptation des méthodes et des moyens français d’intervention.
La « révolution copernicienne » en question
Authors: Viana Thierry
Published: December 2021

L’œuvre de Copernic est à la fois tournée vers l’avenir par le système héliocentrique du monde qu’elle inaugure, et vers le passé par sa fidélité au principe du mouvement réel circulaire et uniforme des astres, hérité de Ptolémée, et à la conception du monde fini ayant pour limite la sphère des fixes et hiérarchisé ayant pour centre le Soleil, héritée des Pythagoriciens. Dès lors, est-elle à bon droit nommée « révolution copernicienne » selon l’expression consacrée ou bien doit-elle être rigoureusement pensée comme réforme de l’astronomie ptoléméenne ? La question engage la remise en chantier du concept de révolution scientifique. Celle-ci est-elle, selon son concept kuhnien, un changement de paradigme pour un groupe scientifique dans un domaine de recherche – auquel cas l’œuvre de Copernic serait une révolution scientifique en substituant au paradigme géocentrique de l’astronomie son paradigme héliocentrique ? Ou bien est-elle, selon Kant qui a élaboré le premier son concept, une transformation dans la façon de penser, qui instaure une science – auquel cas cette œuvre serait bien plutôt une réforme scientifique, l’astronomie étant une science déjà instaurée dans l’Antiquité ?
L'automne de l'Afrique romaine
Authors: Wolff Étienne
Published: December 2021

Les informations que l’on peut avoir sur la culture des cités africaines à l’époque vandale viennent pour une bonne part de l’ Anthologie latine et de Dracontius. On essaie ici d’étudier, non pas seulement la culture de la population romaine ou afro-romaine, qui malgré les troubles consécutifs à l’invasion garde ou retrouve plus ou moins son niveau antérieur, mais aussi et surtout la culture des Vandales et les échanges culturels entre Vandales et Romains. Il semble que la culture latine classique ait été, avec les thermes et les spectacles, un élément favorisant le mélange ou la cohabitation des deux communautés, notamment parce que, païenne dans son essence, elle laissait de côté la question du conflit des deux églises arienne et nicéenne.
L'automne de l'Afrique romaine
Authors: Vössing Konrad
Published: December 2021

Le célèbre poème issu de « l’Anthologie africaine » de l’époque vandale (376 Riese), attribué à un certain Florentinus, inconnu par ailleurs, et composé à l’occasion de l’anniversaire de l’avènement de Thrasamund (486-523 apr. J.-C.), contient d’autres et bien plus d’informations que ce qui est communément admis. Ces dernières apparaissent lorsqu’on observe les spécificités des thèmes abordés et qu’on les met en relation avec le contexte historique des dernières années de règne du roi, époque de laquelle date probablement le poème. Ainsi, il ressort à quel point les exploits militaires sont de peu de poids par rapport à la valeur et à l’importance du trésor royal et comment la domination de la capitale est invoqué, afin d’obliger, pour ainsi dire, le roi à reconnaître la prééminence de la résidence royale en ce lieu. Ce n’est pas simplement quelconque patriotisme local du poète et de son public qui explique cela ; bien plus, Carthage devait faire face à une réelle concurrence, contre laquelle la cité devait être défendue : le roi avait transformé Alianas, une propriété au bord de la mer, en résidence royale, et manifestait son envie d’y séjourner. Face à cela, le poète romain revendique le statut extraordinaire de la capitale africaine. En faisant le panégyrique du roi et de Carthage, il poursuivait donc bel et bien un objectif politique.
L'automne de l'Afrique romaine
Authors: Inglebert Hervé
Published: December 2021

Dans l’Antiquité tardive, les divers sens classiques de publicus  - ce qui concerne l’État romain, ce qui se passe en public ou ce qui est commun - ont persisté. Cependant, leur usage a varié selon qu’ils s’appliquaient à l’Empire, aux cités locales ou à certains aspects ecclésiastiques (conciliaires et épiscopaux) auxquels on voulait attribuer la dignité de ce qui était publicus . Néanmoins, malgré la rhétorique chrétienne, l’évêque n’a pas joué un rôle officiel dans l’administration de l’État ou de la cité locale avant Justinien. Toutefois, son poids social s’est accru du iv e  au vi e  siècle, et l’évêque a bien joué un rôle public, car le christianisme avait acquis un statut privilégié comme religion exclusive du pouvoir impérial et comme religion prépondérante de la société de la Romania de Constantinople ou des royaumes romano-germaniques en Occident.
L'automne de l'Afrique romaine
Authors: Kaabia Ridha
Published: December 2021

Cet article étudie une nouvelle stèle votive provenant de la région d’Oued Laya dans l’arrière-pays de Sousse. Des motifs iconographiques tels que la pomme de pin, le palmier dattier et le serpent permettent d’identifier la divinité dédicataire, Saturne. Sans être citoyens, les dédicants, un père et un fils, manifestent une adhésion à la romanisation comme le prouvent la translittération d’un idionyme libyque, le recours à des noms latins et l’emploi d’une formule du vœu selon les normes romaines. Cette dédicace est à rattacher à un lieu de culte qui doit être cherché à Hr Oued Laya.
L'automne de l'Afrique romaine
Authors: Goddard Christophe John
Published: December 2021

Cette contribution se concentre sur les cérémonies publice , c’est-à-dire sur celles qui se déroulèrent en public et à la vue de tous, et donc pas seulement à celles proprement publiques, au sens où nous l’entendons aujourd’hui, c’est-à-dire aux célébrations officielles, car ce sont celles que l’on ne s’attend plus à trouver après 392, année de la promulgation de la grande loi anti-païenne de Théodose. La multiplication des témoignages sur l’organisation de fêtes païennes de toutes sortes dans les cités, en Afrique, comme dans le reste de l’Empire, dans la première moitié du v e  siècle invite à remettre en question l’idée selon laquelle les piétés païennes se seraient privatisées et auraient disparu du champ public des cités tardo-antiques. Se contenter d’affirmer leur sécularisation est une facilité historiographique qui a effacé la réelle complexité des confessions religieuses des sociétés municipales tardive.
L'automne de l'Afrique romaine
Authors: Hilali Arbia
Published: December 2021

Malgré un climat de tolérance qui est celui du polythéisme, la relation du religieux et du politique a donné lieu à des tensions dans le monde romain. La crise du iii e  siècle et la répression du pouvoir romain provoquent une attitude d’exception chez un groupe de chrétiens, le martyre. Grâce aux Actes de martyrs , on est bien documenté sur l’attitude des soldats chrétiens. L’étude expose en premier le témoignage de certains soldats qui ont choisi une attitude exemplaire et développaient un certain goût pour la mort. Ensuite, on examine le débat qu’a suscité ce comportement au sein de la communauté chrétienne. L’argument avancé par Tertullien est que la persécution survient par la volonté de Dieu et pour sa gloire. Il conclut que la persécution génère de la peur et que la peur renforce la foi. En revanche, Augustin évoque une forme de martyre volontaire et critique cette épidémie suicidaire. Enfin, on aborde la fonction sociale du martyr et son rôle dans la mémoire collective par le culte. L’identité chrétienne des soldats martyrs n’était que le produit de la culture romaine. Les « soldats du Christ » transposaient sur le plan religieux les valeurs guerrières de la romanité. Ce constat confirme le point de vue de C. Lepelley qui a déjà signalé que « les contemporains d’Augustin, même s’ils étaient chrétiens, ne vivaient pas dans un système de chrétienté ».
L'automne de l'Afrique romaine
Authors: Riedlberger Peter
Published: December 2021

Après plusieurs incidents de violence religieuse en Afrique du Nord, Honorius promulgua le soi-disant Édit de l’Unité au début de l’an 405 contre les donatistes. On est exceptionnellement bien renseigné sur l’arrière-fond de cette mesure, par des lettres d’Augustin aussi bien que par les instructions officielles d’une ambassade catholique africaine à Rome. Or, il existe un mystère chronologique : l’Édit de l’Unité lui-même et une loi l’accompagnant sont datés du 12 février 405, alors que, selon les textes, il semble sûr qu’Honorius avait réagi avant la fin de 404 au plus tard. Cette énigme aussi bien que d’autres - le début surprenant de CTh , 16, 6, 4 et un apparent doublon en CTh , 16, 6, 5 - n’ont pas, jusqu’ici, été expliquées de manière satisfaisante. Cependant, une simple modification de ponctuation dans CTh , 16, 6, 4 résout tous ces problèmes ; néanmoins, cela entraîne des conséquences considérables, car, si cette solution est correcte, on doit s’attendre à d’autres cas des citations verbales des constitutions antérieures dans les textes des lois ultérieures, remettant en question certaines certitudes chronologiques.
L'automne de l'Afrique romaine
Authors: Bélanger Steeve
Published: December 2021

La christianisation de l’Empire romain a engendré une véritable mutation de la civilisation gréco-romaine au cours de l’Antiquité tardive. Toutefois, celle-ci n’a pas provoqué une révolution immédiate et instantanée - que ce soit au niveau des mentalités, des comportements, du temps et de l’espace, des modes de socialisation, etc. - du monde antique. Par conséquent, le way of life chrétien a longtemps cohabité avec le Roman way of life , avec les habitudes héritées d’un passé encore récent. Ainsi, plusieurs chrétiens semblent avoir eu certaines difficultés à se départir de cet héritage pluriséculaire qui avait si longtemps modelé les modes de vie, de pensée et de comportements, acceptant parfois certaines contradictions entre le faire et le croire au sein de cette nouvelle culture qui s’instaurait. Il n’est alors pas surprenant que les Pères de l’Église des iv e  et v e  siècles aient vitupéré à de nombreuses reprises contre ces contradictions qu’ils jugeaient incohérentes avec l’appartenance à la communauté chrétienne et la croyance en Christ. Ces critiques revenaient de manière plus virulente lors des journées festives, notamment lors des Calendes de janvier, où chrétiens et gentils se trouvaient collectivement réunis. C’est dans le contexte des célébrations du 1 er  janvier qu’Augustin a prononcé un sermon devant une foule nombreuse afin d’influer sur les comportements à adopter par un chrétien dans un contexte festif tout en rappelant aux ouailles qu’on ne peut être à la fois chrétien et gentil.
Le bénévole et la question de l’euthanasie
Authors: Reboul Pierre
Published: December 2021

Face à l’expression d’une demande d’euthanasie ou de suicide assisté, le bénévole occupe un seul espace : celui de l’écoute. Il ne fuit pas plus qu’il ne conduit l’expression de la personne rencontrée. Ceci dit, il possède luimême en la matière des convictions personnelles avec lesquelles il composera éventuellement pour conserver une loyauté publique irréprochable vis-à-vis de son association et de sa charte éthique.