bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diet Quality Is Associated with Physical Performance and Special Forces Selection
Authors: FARINA EMILY K. , THOMPSON LAUREN A. , KNAPIK JOSEPH J. , PASIAKOS STEFAN M. , LIEBERMAN HARRIS R. , MCCLUNG JAMES P.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

This study determined associations between diet quality measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, physical performance, and successful selection following a U.S. Army Special Forces Assessment and Selection course characterized by arduous cognitive and physical demands.

Methods

The HEI-2015 scores were calculated from usual diet assessed with a Block food frequency questionnaire among 782 soldiers attending Special Forces Assessment and Selection. Differences in HEI-2015 scores according to demographics and physical performance were determined with analysis of variance. Differences in likelihood of selection according to HEI-2015 scores were determined with logistic regression. Models were adjusted for potential confounders: age, education, body mass index (BMI), duration and type of resistance training, and smoking.

Results

The HEI-2015 total score was higher among older soldiers (≥25 yr), those with more education (≥some college), higher body mass index (≥25), longer duration of resistance training (≥400 min·wk−1), those that reported use of free weights, suspension training, Olympic lifting, and nonsmokers (P < 0.05). The HEI-2015 total score was higher among those with higher Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) total scores, APFT sit-up score, APFT run score, and faster loaded road march times (P < 0.05). Those with higher HEI-2015 total scores were 75% (quartile 3 vs quartile 1: odds ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–2.81) and 65% (quartile 4 vs quartile 1: odds ratio, 1.65, 95% confidence interval, 1.03–2.65) more likely to be selected. Higher scores for total vegetables, greens and beans, seafood and plant protein, and refined grains, but lower sodium scores (indicating more sodium consumed), were associated with better physical performance (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Dietary patterns that conform to federal dietary guidelines (except sodium) are associated with physical performance and Special Forces selection.
Reporting of Resistance Training Dose, Adherence, and Tolerance in Exercise Oncology
Authors: FAIRMAN CIARAN M. , NILSEN TORMOD S. , NEWTON ROBERT U. , TAAFFE DENNIS R. , SPRY NIGEL , JOSEPH DAVID , CHAMBERS SUZANNE K. , ROBINSON ZAC P. , HART NICOLAS H. , ZOURDOS MICHAEL C. , FOCHT BRIAN C. , PEDDLE-MCINTYRE CAROLYN J. , GALVÃO DANIEL A.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

While general guidelines (such as CONSORT or Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template) exist to enhance the reporting of exercise interventions in the field of exercise science, there is inadequate detail facilitating the standardized reporting of resistance training adherence in the oncology setting. The purpose of this study was to apply a novel method to report resistance training dose, adherence, and tolerance in patients with cancer.

Methods

A total of 47 prostate cancer patients (70.1 ± 8.9 yr, body mass index, 28.6 ± 4.0) with bone metastatic disease completed an exercise program for 12 wk. We assessed traditional metrics of adherence (attendance and loss to follow-up), in addition to novel proposed metrics (exercise-relative dose intensity, dose modification, and exercise interruption). Total training volume in kilograms (repetitions × sets × training load (weight)) was calculated for each patient.

Results

Attendance assessed from traditional metrics was 79.5% ± 17.0% and four patients (9%) were lost to follow-up. The prescribed and actual cumulative total dose of resistance training was 139,886 ± 69,150 kg and 112,835 ± 83,499 kg, respectively, with a mean exercise-relative dose intensity of 77.4% ± 16.6% (range: 19.4% –99.4%). Resistance training was missed (1–2 consecutive sessions) or interrupted (missed ≥3 consecutive sessions) in 41 (87%) and 24 (51%) participants, respectively. Training dose was modified (reduction in sets, repetitions, or weight) in 40 (85%) of patients. Importantly, using attendance as a traditional metric of adherence, these sessions would have all counted as adherence to the protocol.

Conclusions

Traditional reporting metrics of resistance training in exercise oncology may overestimate exercise adherence. Our proposed metrics to capture resistance training dose, adherence, and tolerance may have important applications for future studies and clinical practice.
Material properties and osteoporosis
Authors: Paschalis Eleftherios P. , Klaushofer Klaus , Hartmann Markus A.
Published: August 2019

The main clinical tool for the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis is the determination of bone mineral density by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Although this outcome contributes to the determination of bone strength, the clinical evidence to date suggests that it does not correlate strongly with fracture incidence. The main reason for this discrepancy is the fact that several other bone properties, such as material properties, are not taken into account. This short review summarizes the reasons why material properties are important in the determination of bone strength and briefly discusses some of them as well as their influence on bone’s mechanical performance.
Pulling in new directions: Myosin 2, Piezo, and metabolism
Authors: Quintanilla Melissa A. , Hammer III John A. , Beach Jordan R.
Published: August 2019

Myosin 2 plays a central role in numerous, fundamental, actin-based biological processes, including cell migration, cell division, and the adhesion of cells to substrates and other cells. Here, we highlight recent studies in which the forces created by actomyosin 2 have been shown to also impact tension-sensitive ion channels and cell metabolism.
Rethinking of the Crisis of Universalism: Toward a Pluralistic Orientation of Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Wang Ning
Published: August 2019

In commemorating the centenary of the end of World War I, we could not but reflect on many of the valuable legacies and lessons the War has left behind it. To us humanities scholars, what we are most concerned about is the legitimacy of universalism or whether there is such a thing as absolute universalism. The same is true of modernity, for people may well think that modernity represents the great interest of all people in the world. But modernity manifests itself in different modes in different countries and nations as different countries and nations have different conditions, especially in such an ancient country as China. The present article will illustrate how modernity was imported from the West into China and how it has been readjusted according to its own condition and thereby developing in an uneven way. Through some theoretical elaboration the article has deconstructed the so-called “singular” or “universalist” modernity with the Chinese practice and reconsidered the concept of cosmopolitanism which has certain parallel elements in ancient Chinese philosophy. Considering the pluralistic orientation of contemporary cosmopolitanism, the author offers his own reconstruction of a sort of new cosmopolitanism in the era of globalization.
Literature Defined by Language? Some Remarks on the Definition of Estonian Literature
Authors: Kõvamees Anneli
Published: August 2019

In the era when multiculturalism is one of the key concepts and the relationship between foreign and own is shifting, the definition of national literature has been in the centre of discussions. In Estonia the issue has been raised most prominently in connection with the Estonian Russianlanguage writer Andrei Ivanov (born 1971) whose works have turned out to be difficult to classify. How to define Estonian literature? Is it a literature written in the Estonian language, literature written by Estonians, literature associated with Estonia or is it a literature written in Estonia? Especially small nations like Estonians tend to define one’s identity according to the language spoken and ethnicity, not the citizenship. There are various significant shifts in Estonian literary history, for example, when the beginning of Estonian literature is discussed, then Baltic German authors are included but when the Estonian literature made by Estonians is born in the 19th century, Baltic German literature disappears from Estonian literature, although Baltic German literature continued until the 20th century. The aspect of value plays a significant role, as what is included or excluded in the literary history is associated with ideological choices. It is only recently that the inclusion of Baltic German literature into Estonian literature is taking place. The position of Estonian Russian literature has also shifted from rejection and periphery in the spotlight and the works by Andrei Ivanov have played a crucial role in that process. Taking the Estonian Russian-language literature and Baltic German literature as examples, the article addresses the question of defining (national) literature.
Contemporary International/World Novels’ Transmissibility from Partial Connections to Hermeneutics of Situation (With References to Glissant, Volpi, Murakami, and Rushdie)
Authors: Bessière Jean
Published: August 2019

Due to its formal and semantic flexibility, the novel is often viewed as exemplarily associated with globalization. Most interpretations of this view lead to a paradox – presentations that the genre of the novel offers can be specific, and yet, widely circulated – and refer it to transnationalism, to the worlding of many cultural identities, or to some kind of literary space. These interpretations leave open the questioning of the cultural denotations or literary features that empower novels to be widely circulated and universalized. This article identifies and analyzes this explicit questioning in Glissant’s Tout-monde, Murakami’s Kafka on the Shore, Rushdie’s The Moor’s Last Sigh, and Volpi’s In Search of Klingsor, and suggests a quadruple answer.

1. Contemporary novels, that are read as world novels, reflect the paradox that qualifies their world circulation: they designate and deconstruct the signs of the universal by offering totalizing and detotalizing perspective and by questioning their universalization potential.

2. This formal and semantic paradox is presented by means of “partial connec tions”, i.e. objective or imagined references to distant or non-identical cultural references that can be viewed as partially overlapping. Partial connections impose a metonymic view of all chains of cultural mentions, and, between the latter, delineate special kinds of union – differences coexist and unite, and their discontinuities invite to view them as equally real. Partial connections found world novels’ rhetoric and transmissibility.

3. Due to these partial connections, some kind of specific herme neutics is developed or implied – hermeneutics of situation. No overall inter pretation of their own universalizability is offered by world novels – they generate symptomatic readings.

4. Remarkably, these literary and cultural montages apply to canonical kinds of novel – investigation novel (In Search of Klingsor), historical novel (The Moor’s Last Sigh), Bildungsroman (Tout-monde, Kafka on the Shore), that are most often recognized as universal because of their canonicity and the readability they show. On the one hand, these montages alter the canonicity and readability of these kinds of novels, on the other, they trigger their wide circulation because they negate any rule of reading and any overall interpretation, and however suggest some kind of universal hermeneutics – the use of partial connections is of utmost importance.
Geopolitics and Contesting Identities in Shakespeare’s The First Part of Henry VI
Authors: Wang I-Chun
Published: August 2019

Histories always deal with the construction of cities, announcements of new eras, and strategies of reformations; human history also shows that the bitter human experience of struggles, disputes and wars involve shifting identities or rivalries over territories. Among Shakespeare’s war plays, The First Part of Henry VI is one of the most significant representations of the war between France and England; the play refers to the Treaty of Troyes, an Anglo- French Treaty in 1420, which recognizes Henry V as heir to the French throne, resulting in internal divisions and tremendous chaos in France. This play by Shakespeare refers to the intrigue, spatial contest, politics of kingship and spatial struggle between England and France. Calais had been an enclave of England in France before Henry V succeeded to the throne; securing Calais, Henry V, the warrior king of England, attempted to build up another enclave at Harfleur. With the Anglo-Burgundian alliance, the Dauphin Charles, and Joan of Arc faced two enemies, England and the Dukedom of Burgundy. England and Burgundy had been allies against France in the Hundred Years’ War since 1415. Burgundy, because of its geographical location, is to play the key role in the tug of war between the two forces.

Geopolitics and contesting identities are two intertwining motifs in the First Part of Henry VI. Shakespeare portrays the conquest of France by England and represents diplomatic relations and shifting identities through geography and spatial politics as related to nationhood. This paper by examining the conflicts between France and England, will discuss geopolitics and contesting identities, the territorial disputes as well as spatial politics in an era when boundary politics was in flux.
Economic Obsession in Early Literary Imagination: Shakespeare, Jonson and More
Authors: So Francis K. H.
Published: August 2019

That revenues, profits, wealth, valuables, properties and various forms of riches can be so attractive to most people is because these resources affect the operational mode of social economy and personal well-being. As a major driving force of social development, the desire to accumulate wealth affords people the prospect of leading a comfortable life. Yet the acquisition of which may bring down other people to become poorer and creating potential social injustice. Three interrelated concepts in money spending: consumption, fear of poverty and social justice/injustice are markedly shown in some of the great minds among English writers.

In this article, Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice, Ben Jonson’s Volpone and Thomas More’s Utopia are used to demonstrate the concerns of the early modern English mentality. Some scholars have suggested that the first two playwrights reflected the fear that their London would come to be ruled by corruption, swindling, greediness, vicious competition and unethical business practices. In this pre-capitalist economy, people are seen to adopt unfair competition and reciprocal malice in order to accumulate wealth. Entrepreneurial liberation in economic affairs sets off the dark side of hu manity in which the playwrights were most probably implicated.

To counteract this rapacious thinking, Thomas More offers his conception of a wealthy and happy worldly life. Not to attack the self-centered, bene fit gaining intentions, Utopia builds up a society that claims fairness, commonwealth, more obligations than privileges and the wiping away of vanity. Mercantilism is not denied, yet private property is contained. Written earliest among the three works, Utopia anticipates the two plays that dwell on social evils sparked by over concern for personal gains.

Generally, the three works lay the foundation of positive and negative aspects of economy in terms of production, marketing, circulation, consumption and services of the English mind of that era. The social mood borders on the financial and political matters of the bourgeois class while providing a mega-worldview as well as micro-worldview of economic concern of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries England.
Sífilis na mulher e no homem: Uma revisão integrativa das publicações científicas
Authors: Silva Leila Rangel da , Paiva Mirian Santos , Nazareth Isis Vanessa , Silva Maíra Domingues Bernardes , Macedo Eliza Cristina
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Mapear as produções científicas sobre a sífilis na mulher e no homem e analisá-las de acordo com a literatura. Método: Revisão integrativa composta por seis fases: identificação do tema; busca na literatura; categorização dos estudos; avaliação dos estudos incluídos; interpretação dos resultados e síntese do conhecimento. Coleta de dados obtida nas bases de dados - LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL e na Scopus nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: Na busca foram encontrados 148 estudos. Entre estes foi realizada a primeira seleção através da leitura dos títulos e resumos totalizando 99 estudos, nos quais 23 se adequaram a todos os critérios de inclusão. Conclusão: As publicações examinadas são pautadas pelo delineamento qualitativo, classificados no nível de evidência IV, representando uma importante estratégia, tanto para o reconhecimento da relevância das infecções, bem como para o avanço das ações de intervenção e controle a nível nacional e internacional
Autoavaliação da saúde de indivíduos com doença renal crônica em terapia dialítica [Health self-assessment by individuals with chronic kidney disease in dialysis therapy] [Autoevaluación de la salud de individuos con enfermedad renal crónica en terapia dialítica]
Authors: Barbosa Sílvia Maria Cristovam , Do Ó Marcelo Francisco , Bezerra Jéssica Naylla de Melo , Borba Anna Karla de Oliveira Tito
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: analisar a autopercepção de saúde e os fatores associados dos indivíduos com doença renal crônica em terapia dialítica. Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo, com 42 pacientes assistidos na unidade de nefrologia de um hospital público em Recife/PE, no período de maio a agosto de 2016. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: a autoavaliação de saúde ruim esteve presente em 29 (69%) pacientes, porém sem associação com as características sociodemográficas e clínicas (p<0,05). Conclusão: a alta prevalência da autoavaliação de saúde ruim reflete a necessidade de informações educativas e autocuidado para uma melhor compreensão do estado de saúde e consequente adesão terapêutica.ABSTRACTObjective: to examine health self-perception and associated factors in individuals with chronic kidney disease in dialysis therapy. Method: in this quantitative, cross-sectional study of 42 patients attending the nephrology unit of a public hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, from May to August 2016, data were collected by semistructured interview and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics, after approval by the research ethics committee. Results: 29 patients (69%) self-assessed their health as poor, but no association was found with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (p<0.05). Conclusion: the high prevalence of self-assessed poor health reflects the need for educational information and self-care for a better understanding of health status and consequent adherence to therapy.RESUMENObjetivo: analizar la autopercepción de salud y los factores asociados de los individuos con enfermedad renal crónica en terapia dialítica. Método: estudio transversal, cuantitativo, junto a 42 pacientes asistidos en la unidad de nefrología de un hospital público en Recife/Pernambuco, en el período de mayo a agosto de 2016. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de entrevista semiestructurada, analizados por estadística descriptiva e inferencial, después de la aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación.Resultados: la autoevaluación de mala salud estuvo presente en 29 (69%) pacientes, pero sin asociación con las características sociodemográficas y clínicas (p <0,05). Conclusión: la alta prevalencia de la autoevaluación de mala salud refleja la necesidad de informaciones educativas y autocuidado para una mejor comprensión del estado de salud y consecuente adhesión terapéutica.
Cuidados de enfermagem e suas repercussões na vida da pessoa com incontinência anal: revisão integrativa
Authors: Leme Livia Nunes Rodrigues , Souza Norma Valéria Dantas de Oliveira , Chagas Priscilla Farias
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: revisar a produção científica sobre incontinência anal (IA), atualizando o conhecimento de enfermagem sobre o tema. Método: revisão integrativa, realizada em junho/julho de 2018, em bases virtuais de dados e na Revista Estima. Foram selecionados 13 estudos. Resultados: os estudos revisados foram publicados no período de 2006 a 2017, sendo quatro revisões bibliográficas, um estudo prospectivo, dois comparativos descritivos, dois longitudinais, três descritivos e um comparativo. Identificaram-se três categorias analíticas: Tecnologias para o manejo da IA; Principal complicação – dermatite associada à IA; e Complexidade dos cuidados de enfermagem e ações terapêuticas. Conclusões: a enfermagem desempenha importante papel na produção científica desta temática, apesar de ainda incipiente. Os cuidados descritos nos estudos revisados repercutem positivamente na vida da pessoa com IA, na medida em que podem prevenir complicações e trazer melhorias na qualidade de vida.
Os determinantes da qualidade de vida em pessoas com HIV: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Ponce Blandón Jose Antonio , Bocanegra Andrés González , Maidana Júnior João Nunes , Viana Diogo Da Rosa , Campos María de las Mercedes Lomas
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: analisar os determinantes que afetam a qualidade de vida de pessoas com HIV, a partir da revisão de pesquisas originais. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura com busca de produção sobre os determinantes da qualidade de vida de pacientes com HIV nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, CUIDEN e PsycINFO, realizada em abril de 2018. Resultados: foram identificadas 22 pesquisas, publicadas no período de 2012 a 2016. Detectou-se dispersão dos determinantes (42 variáveis) da qualidade de vida dessas pessoas. O apoio social (36,3%), o estigma (31,8%), a depressão (31,8%) e a adesão (22,7%) apareceram na revisão. Conclusão: existem múltiplos determinantes que afetam a qualidade de vida das pessoas com HIV, havendo consenso nos determinantes de apoio social, estigma, depressão e adesão.
Research roundup
Authors: Heggs Karen
Published: August 2019

Synopses of a selection of recently published research articles of relevance to palliative care
Non-contraceptive benefits of hormonal contraception
Authors: Cooper Michelle , Boog Katie
Published: August 2019

Beyond their primary role of preventing pregnancy, hormonal contraceptives provide a number of non-contraceptive benefits including a reduction in menstrual pain and bleeding, improvement in acne and a decrease in the lifetime risk of cancer of the ovaries and endometrium. They are also widely used in the management of a number of gynaecological conditions including endometriosis, premenstrual syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome. Although the risks may outweigh the benefits when a method is used solely for contraception, the risk-benefit profile may change when it is also used for a medical indication. Potential non-contraceptive benefits should be discussed with all women when considering the most appropriate form of contraception to suit their needs.
Herbicide application on Genetically Modified Maize influences bee visitation
Authors: Monteiro Higor De Castro , De Souza Michael Willian Rocha , Reis Letícia Alves Carvalho , Ferreira Evander Alves , De Sá Veríssimo Gibran Mendes , Soares Marcus Alvarenga
Published: August 2019

Brazil is one of the world’s largest producers of maize (Zea mays L.). Cry proteins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been widely used in transgenic maize due to their toxicity and specificity against insects that damage crops. In addition, these plants have been stacked with different herbicide tolerance genes. Non-target insects end up being exposed to Bt proteins and herbicide applications. There is little information on the effects of Bt transgenics and their cultural practices on the behavior of pollinators in genetically modified crops. The aim of this research was to verify the impact of genotypes of genetically modified maize, Herculex®, PowerCore®, and the conventional isohybrid, pulverized or not with herbicides (atrazine, glufosinate-ammonium and nicosulfuron) in bee populations. In order to evaluate the presence of insects, a zig-zag tour was carried out throughout the experimental field, ascertained from visual analysis and direct counting of six plants per plot (the dimensions of the plots were 2.5 x 10 m with five maize lines spaced 0.50 m between rows and 0.36 m between plants) randomly, 18 days after spraying herbicides in the area. Apis mellifera (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Tetragonisca angustula (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Trigona spinipes (F.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were the pollinator species identified in the crop. It was observed that the incidence of pollinator insects varied according to cultivars and herbicides tested; however, the PowerCore® genotype experienced more visitation of pollinating bees independently of the herbicide treatments.
Description of a new species of Metapolybia, a Neotropical genus of social wasps, from the Amazon Forest.
Authors: Andena Sergio Ricardo , Mateus Sidnei , Nascimento Fabio Santos , Carpenter James Michael
Published: August 2019

A new species of Metapolybia, which had been included erroneously among the paratypes of M. acincta by Richards (1978) is described.
Fodor on multiple realizability and nonreductive physicalism: Why the argument does not work
Authors: Bermúdez José Luis , Cahen Arnon
Published: August 2019

This paper assesses Fodor’s well-known argument from multiple realizability to nonreductive physicalism. Recent work has brought out that the empirical case for cross-species multiple realizability is weak at best and so we consider whether the argument can be rebooted using a “thin” notion of intra-species multiple realizability, taking individual neural firing patterns to be the realizers of mental events. We agree that there are no prospects for reducing mental events to individual neural firing patterns. But there are more plausible candidates for the neural realizers of mental events out there, namely, global neural properties such as the average firing rates of neural populations, or the local field potential. The problem for Fodor’s argument is that those global neural properties point towards reductive versions of physicalism.
The initial level of heart rate variability determines the dynamics of the neuropathy of the autonomic nervous system and temperature sensitivity in rats with streptozotocin diabetes
Authors: Morozova Maria P. , Gavrilova Svetlana A. , Ivanov Evgeniy V. , Erdiakov Aleksei K. , Rzhavina Ekaterina M. , Koshelev Vladimir B. , Galstyan Gagik R.
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND: The development of diabetes mellitus (DM) is accompanied by hyperglycemia, which leads to the development of neuropathy. We assume that the individual characteristics of the organization of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in humans affect not only the ability to withstand stress, but can determine the course of diseases, including diabetes.
AIMS: The study of the dynamics of heart rate variability and temperature sensitivity in rats against the background of hyperglycemia depending on the organization of the initial regulation of the heart under ANS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 70 male rats were randomized by weight and level of total heart rate variability (HRV) on animals with initially low and high levels of total HRV. Diabetes was modeled by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The control group received a single i.p. injection of citrate buffer (CB). Before the induction of diabetes, as well as on 21, 42 and 70 days after the injection of STZ, a comprehensive examination of rats condition was carried out: 1) assessment of HRV; 2) analysis of temperature-pain sensitivity; 3) assessment of glucose and ketone bodies in the blood. Similarly, animals in the CB group were examined.
RESULTS: The change in HRV and temperature-pain sensitivity in rats depends on the initial level of HRV. In rats with low variability, the reaction time in the pain test increased by 832% from the 28th day of the experiment, from 21 days the bradycardia increased and the decrease in individual HRV indices at rest, but not the response of these parameters to cold stress.
CONCLUSION: The development of ANSs lesion depends on the initial level of HRV. Low variability animals are more resistant to hyperglycemia: the normal ranges of CP reactions from the side of HR, the parameters of total HRV and the CVHS contribution to it are longer, but there is a loss of temperature sensitivity. Initially, highly variable rats with the development of diabetes do not lose temperature sensitivity, but demonstrate an imbalance in the regulatory circuits of heart rate and HRV.
The role of Leu260Phe polymorphism of the receptor gene to GLP-1 incretin in the pathogenesis of diabetes type 2 diabetes with obesity
Authors: Skuratovskaia Daria A. , Vulf Maria A. , Kirienkova Elena V. , Myronyuk Natalia I. , Zatolokin Pavel A. , Litvinova Larisa S.
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) stimulates the proliferation of -cells, enhances their resistance to apoptosis and increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion.
AIMS: Study of the relationship of Leu260Phe polymorphism (rs1042044) of the GLP-1R gene with postprandial hormone production (C-peptide, insulin, ghrelin, GLP-1) in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 174 patients, 82 patients with obesity with type 2 diabetes (BMI=40.414.3 kg/m2)and 92 conditionally healthy donors (BMI=22.62.7 kg/m2) were studied. The material for the study was venous blood taken on an empty stomach and 60 minutes after the test breakfast. Genotyping was performed by PCR using the sets for determining polymorphism (rs1042044) of the GLP-1R gene (Sintol) and the amplificator (CFX96 BioRad, USA). Plasma hormone levels were evaluated by flow fluorimetry (Bio-PlexProteinAssaySystem, Bio-Rad, USA) using commercial test systems (Bio-PlexProHumanDiabetes 10-Plex Assay, Bio-Rad, USA). Statistical analysis and graphs were obtained at R Statistical Software.
RESULTS: A violation of postprandial production of GLP-1 and ghrelin after a test breakfast in obese patients with type 2 diabetes was found. A postprandial increase in C-peptide levels of 3.25[1.83;4.16] ng/ml and insulin 3048 [1978;4972] ng/ml in carriers of the CC genotype compared with carriers of the CA genotype in the group of patients with obesity with type 2 diabetes type In carriers of the CA genotype, there was a decrease in the C-peptide level of 2.21 [1.8;2.49] ng/ml and insulin 1462 [1146; 2304] ng/ml with a constant concentration of GLP-1. The postprandial level of ghrelin in carriers of the CA genotype of the Leu260Phe polymorphism increased to 118[96.1;157] ng/ml compared to carriers of the AA 98 genotype [86; 109] ng/ml.
CONCLUSION: The presence of the CC genotype of the Leu260Phe polymorphism of the GLP-1 receptor gene is associated with an increase in postprandial plasma levels of C-peptide and insulin in obese patients with type 2 diabetes, and the CA genotype with a decrease in these indicators and an increase in ghrelin content.
Nuevo descubrimiento del gran Río de las Amazonas (1641), de Cristóbal de Acuña, e Viagem (1746), de Pedro de Santo Eliseu: história, poesia e política sobre o Rio das Amazonas
Authors: Lachat Marcelo
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho propõe-se a discutir dois textos: a relação intitulada Nuevo descubrimiento del gran Río de las Amazonas (1641), de Cristóbal de Acuña, e a epopeia Viagem (1746), de Pedro de Santo Eliseu. As discussões propostas baseiam-se em preceptivas retóricas e poéticas e em concepções teológico-políticas pertinentes aos Impérios espanhol e português dos séculos XVI a XVIII. Assim, pretende-se evidenciar que, naquela relação do padre jesuíta espanhol e nesta epopeia do frade carmelita português, as representações do Rio das Amazonas são feitas de história, poesia e política, visando à concórdia entre os membros do corpo místico do Reino.

Palavras-chave: séculos XVII e XVIII; relação e epopeia; rio das amazonas.
Um emaranhado pegajoso de emblemas e culpas: o sertão na literatura e no pensamento de Raimundo Carrero
Authors: Muniz de Albuquerque Júnior Durval
Published: August 2019

Este texto trata das imagens e enunciados que definiriam um ser para o sertão na obra literária e no pensamento do escritor pernambucano raimundo carrero. Ele procura situar no tempo a vida e a obra desse autor, sem reduzir seus escritos a meros reflexos de sua biografia e dos momentos históricos em que os escreveu. a análise se debruça sobre a própria espessura da linguagem, sobre a forma dos textos, avaliando o que nelas também indicia um dado tempo e uma dada maneira de ver e dizer o sertão. Uma análise que trabalha a recorrência de dadas imagens e temáticas, na transversalidade de seus escritos e que interroga essas obsessões à luz de formas de pensamento que muito ultrapassam a figura individual do autor, se arriscando no fazer uma arqueologia dos espaços de sua linguagem.

Palavras-chave: imagens do sertão; literatura; raimundo carrero
Capoeiras e malandros: barões da ralé
Authors: Paranhos Adalberto
Published: August 2019

SalVaDori, Maria angela Borges. Capoeiras e malandros: pedaços de uma sonora tradição popular. Jundiaí: Paco (no prelo).
Debates, nuevas miradas y desafíos para la historiografía por venir
Authors: Urteneche Gonzalo
Published: August 2019

taMM, Marek and BUrKE, Peter (eds.). Debating new approaches to History. londres: Bloomsbury academic, 2018, 393 p.
Von Korpus zu Korpus
Authors: Kopf Kristin
Published: August 2019

Das Kombinieren von Daten aus verschiedenen diachronen Korpora bringt besondere methodische Herausforderungen mit sich, die in den vorliegenden Untersuchungen beleuchtet werden. Dazu gehört der Abgleich von Metadaten und ihrer Kategorisierungen, das Verhalten bekannter Phänomene über sich zeitlich überschneidende Korpora hinweg und die Formulierung vergleichbarer Suchabfragen. Anhand von sechs Fallstudien zu graphematischen, lexikalischen, morphologischen und syntaktischen Phänomenen in Korpora des (Früh-) Neuhochdeutschen werden Möglichkeiten und Probleme des diachron korpusübergreifenden Arbeitens herausgearbeitet.
V-density for eigenvalues of random block matrices with independent blocks whose entries have different variances and expectations
Authors: Girko Vyacheslav L. , Shevchuk L. D.
Published: August 2019

V-density under Lindeberg condition for the independent blocks of random matrices having different variances and expectations is found.
Quantification of Surface Roughness Using Laser Scanning with Application to the Frictional Resistance of Sand-Timber Pile Interfaces
Authors: Rauthause Marissa P. , Stuedlein Armin W. , Olsen Michael J.
Published: August 2019

Still commonly used today, timber piles represent a cost-effective deep foundation alternative for carrying structural loads or densifying liquefaction-susceptible soil deposits. However, the range in interface shear friction angles between common timber pile types and sand is unknown, and little data exist for wood specimens in the range of normal stresses typically encountered in the field. This study evaluates the use of laser-scanning techniques for the quantification of surface roughness and presents the results of interface shear tests conducted on untreated Southern Pine, treated Southern Pine, and untreated Douglas Fir. The surface roughness of the timber pile specimens was found to be anisotropic, with surface roughness approximately three to four times larger in the circumferential direction than the longitudinal direction, presenting implications for torsional and axial load transfer. The peak and constant volume effective interface friction angles and interface friction ratios were relatively insensitive to relative density for the range in relative densities investigated, whereas the interface response was sensitive to normal stress. The role of surface roughness and surface hardness on the interface response was determined to be statistically significant and confounded by the inverse relationship observed between hardness and roughness for the species of timber pile investigated.
Knowledge in Times of Crisis
Authors: Al-Rasheed Madawi
Published: August 2019

This keynote speech addresses the context of producing knowledge about the Middle East and the problematic nature of this production especially at times of crisis. In order to evaluate this knowledge, we must consider the current context in which Middle East countries are engulfed. I argue that the so-called crisis in the Middle East is a reflection of another crisis in Europe, and that both have important consequences on the production of knowledge. The two crises are mirrors of each other and cannot be understood as isolated regional issues.
The State and Society Partnership
Authors: Sari Salem
Published: August 2019

This study attempts to reveal the futility of perceptions of the state as selfestablished and self-sufficient. It argues that the state can only function if it is communicated and not separated. The study criticizes social, classical, and modern theories, searching for the contents, contexts, and mechanisms of the main concepts that continue to constitute the major problems to the theory of political partnership. The focus is on the theory of Habermas and his concepts of democracy, communicative action, and public space, which can be built today into an in-depth theory of sociopolitical partnership in a modern civil state.
The Tribal Impact on Political Stability in Sudan
Authors: Musa Abdu Mukhtar
Published: August 2019

As in most Arab and Third World countries, the tribal structure is an anthropological reality and a sociological particularity in Sudan. Despite development and modernity aspects in many major cities and urban areas in Sudan, the tribe and the tribal structure still maintain their status as a psychological and cultural structure that frames patterns of behavior, including the political behavior, and influence the political process. This situation has largely increased in the last three decades under the rule of the Islamic Movement in Sudan, because of the tribe politicization and the ethnicization of politics, as this research reveals. This research is based on an essential hypothesis that the politicization of tribalism is one of the main reasons for the tribal conflict escalation in Sudan. It discusses a central question: Who is responsible for the tribal conflicts in Sudan?
“Clash of Civilizations” at Twenty-Five
Authors: Abozaid Ahmed M.
Published: August 2019

This summer, American academia will celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary of Samuel Huntington’s most controversial article, later book, on the post-Cold War era. “Clash of Civilizations?” was published for the first time in the summer issue of the semi-scholarly journal Foreign Affairs, and was considered the manifesto of US foreign policy after the fall of the Soviet Union. With his publication, Huntington established the foundation of what would become the dominant and unchallenged narrative discourse in world politics during the 1990s and 2000s, especially after the 9/11 attacks on New York and Washington. Huntington created the discourse of “Islam is the enemy” and “Islam is the new bogeyman,” to use Stephen Walt’s analogy. Now, twenty-five years after its publication, this article evaluates whether Huntington’s assumption was correct. Does Islam really represent a global threat? And are Muslims the bogeymen of the twenty-first century? The answer, according to this article, is emphatically no!
Layers of Security
Authors: Camps-Febrer Blanca
Published: August 2019

Morocco’s security sector is a fundamental component of the regime of power in the country. The legitimacy and structure of the security forces has evolved over time, reflecting changing balances within the power struggle among competing elites, but also to a certain degree the international political and normative context. Controlling the meanings of “security,” as well as the coercive resources the security sector provides, has been paramount in the consolidation of the current regime. This article shows the importance of official narratives on security and their evolution over the course of Morocco’s history after its independence.
The Trap of Urban Planning Development in Jerusalem
Authors: Khamaisi Rasim
Published: August 2019

The question of Palestinians’ right for urban planning and development in East Jerusalem is one of many challenges Arab Jerusalemites face over the right to the city. While Palestinians search for the reasons for the impaired urban reality of East Jerusalem, some of the answers lie in the planning systems itself and its allowances. This brief paper describes, analyzes, and critiques urban planning policies that constitute a trap and an indictment mechanism impeding the issuance of a building permit and land titles. The planning trap is part of a sophisticated complex matrix of control systems, with hard and soft, visible and invisible components that are practiced by the Israeli authorities in an effort to bring about the geopolitical, demographic policies, and urban changes desired by the state in Jerusalem.
A Floating Commercial Stronghold
Authors: Azad Shirzad
Published: August 2019

The port city of Hong Kong has played a very crucial role in facilitating a whole host of commercial and financial interactions between East Asia and the greater Middle East region over the past several decades. Even after the strategic city became an integral part of China in 1997, the Special Administrative Region (SAR) continued to oil the wheels of the multifaceted relationship between East Asian countries, China in particular, and their partners in the Middle East. Besides its conventional function of smoothing the way for an array of economic and financial ties, the SAR is increasingly contributing to various cultural and recreational activities involving the two regions.
Post-Islamism
Authors: Imad Abdul Ghani
Published: August 2019

The thesis of political Islam’s failure reignites a deep discussion of fundamental questions. At the same time, it opens the door for a discussion of post Islamism as a concept, a term, and a phase. The term “post-Islamism,” like every “post-” term, is undoubtedly characterized by an extremely fluid definition. This leads to certain interpretations expiring without establishing others and to profound transformations occurring within an intellectual and social phenomenon that presages that it will evolve away from its original form. In no circumstance, however, will what comes after resemble what came before. The aspects of the relationship and similarity between the two phases largely remains relative and ambiguous. Although the use of the term “post-Islamism” dates back decades, in particular to the 1990s, it has once again returned to the spotlight, more prominently now than ever, as several Islamist movements are advancing further on the path to accepting democracy, political pluralism, and power-sharing. Several Islamist movements in the Arab and Islamic world today are embracing public and individual freedoms, and advocating a separation of religion and politics. This article examines the concept of post-Islamism, its legitimacy, and credibility as a fundamental shift in Islamist rhetoric and behavior, as well as the causes leading to it, and the conditions, obstacles, and realistic models of this concept or its approximates, both Sunni and Shiite, in the Arab or Muslim world.
The Mauritanian Civil State in Crisis
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed El-Amine Ould Mohamed
Published: August 2019

The Mauritanian national state emerged as a questionable entity in both its historical and social legitimacy. This article considers the cliental relationship that remains within today’s Mauritanian national state and which dominates the political arena. The national state implements the same colonial policy and thereby has become the biggest client, offering favors for obedience and allegiance to it. Today, this is the greatest challenge Mauritania faces to break free from traditional political practice and move towards democratization and a peaceful transfer of power, the separation of powers, the rule of law, and the independence of the judiciary.
Exploring the Impact of Construed External Image on Brand Citizenship Behavior of Service Employees
Authors: Batt Verena , Bruhn Manfred
Published: August 2019

Given the importance of brands in the service context, service companies in particular should be aware of the antecedents of employees’ brand citizenship behavior (BCB). Although a considerable number of antecedents of BCB have been identified, the impact of construed external image on BCB has been neglected so far. The present study addresses this research gap by investigating the impact of construed external image on BCB of service employees. Furthermore, the mediating role of pride in brand membership and respect through brand membership are examined. Using data from a Swiss service company, the results provide empirical support for the impact of construed external image on BCB. In addition, the results show that construed external image not only influences BCB directly, but also indirectly via pride in brand membership. Construed external image also affects respect through brand membership, however, the data did not reveal a significant influence of respect through brand membership on BCB. The results provide implications for research and practice.
Effect of degree of salinity on seed germination and initial growth of chickpea (Cicer arietinum)
Authors: Lavrenko S. O. , Lavrenko N. M. , Lykhovyd P. V.
Published: August 2019

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the main pulse crops cultivated mostly in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world, very often on saline lands. The problem is that it has not been clearly determined yet what is the safe salinity degree for obtaining uniform and vigorous sprouts of the crop without significant suppression in the parameters of initial growth and development. The goal of our study was to determine the effect of different NaCl concentrations in solutions on chickpea germination and initial growth to determine the safe degree of salinity for the crop cultivation. The study was carried out in greenhouse conditions of Kherson State Agrarian University. We studied the effect of five different gradually increasing degrees of NaCl solutions on the germination percentage and initial growth of chickpea (variety Rosanna, kabuli type) that was germinated in laboratory conditions in flasks filled with sand, at the temperature of 25 oC. A significant decrease in all the studied parameters was observed with the increase of salinity degree. However, we think that a considerable decrease of the crop germination and initial growth started with NaCl concentration of 1.79 g/L: germination percentage decreased by 33.9%, plant height – by 7.8 cm, root length – by 5.5 cm in comparison to the control variant (not saline conditions). Therefore, we conclude that the chickpea can be efficiently cultivated on slightly-saline lands. Besides, the results of linear regression analysis revealed that the most susceptible stage of chickpea growth and development is germination because this stage had strong close inter-connection with the degree of salinity. Further growth of the crop was less affected by the salinity stress. We recommend cultivation of chickpea on the saline lands only with a slight salinity level.