bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The enrichment of CD44 in exosomes from breast cancer cells treated with doxorubicin promotes chemoresistance
Authors: wang xiaohong , cheng kai , zhang guoqiang , yu yue , liu song , hua yitong , guo fengli , li xiaoqiang , zou weiwei , sun hongguang , xu shujian , dong jianli , yang zhenlin
Published: February 2020

Background: Exosomes have been shown to be associated with chemotherapy resistance transmission between cancer cells. However, the cargo and function of exosomes changed in response to doxorubicin remains unclear. Methods: We compared proteome profiles of exosomes extracted from the supernatant of MCF-7(S/Exo) and MCF-7/ADR(A/Exo) cells. We confirmed the differential expression of the candidate target-exosomic-CD44 by immune gold staining and western blot. We further studied the changes of chemosensitivity and CD44 expression in MCF-7 cells co-incubated with A/Exo. We analyzed the levels of exosomal CD44 from patient plasma, and compared the sensitivity and specificity of exosomic CD44 and plasma CD44 on diagnosis of chemoresistance. We modified the MCF-7-derived exosomes loaded with siRNA against CD44 to observe the effects of targeting reduced CD44 expression in lumimal A breast cancer cells. Results: DOX increased the exosomes release from MCF-7/ADR cells and the exosomes mediated proteins intercellular transfer in breast cancer chemoresistance regulation. The candidate target of CD44 in A/Exo was much higher than in S/Exo and the increase levels of exosomic CD44 (21.65-fold) was much higher than cellular CD44 (6.55-fold). The same results were obtained in clinical samples. Exosome-siRNA targeted CD44 (Exos-siCD44) could efficiently targeted to silence its expression. When co-cultured on Exos-siCD44, breast cancer cells exhibited reduced cell proliferation and enhanced susceptibility to DOX and the same phenomenon was observed in mice. Conclusion：Drug-resistant breast cancer cells spread resistance capacity to sensitive ones by releasing exosomes to transfer proteins in intercellular.
Multiple Cross Displacement Amplification-a more applicable technique in detecting Pseudomonas Aeruginosa of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia( VAP)
Authors: Wang Juxiang , Chen Huimin , Lin Xiaomin , Ji Chengyi , Chen Bin
Published: February 2020

Background Early and rapid identification of P seudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)provides theoretical clinical advantages in therapeutic optimization strategies. Methods The PA-MCDA assay was conducted at an isothermal temperature during the amplification stage, and products were visually detected by color changes. The entire process was completed within 1 h. A total of 77 strains, including PA species and various other species of non- PA were used to evaluate PA -MCDA assays. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of suspected VAP patients were examined by the MCDA assay. Results. The MCDA assay exhibited a 100 percent analytical specificity in detecting PA from all 77 strains, and the limits of detection limit were as low as 100 fg DNA per reaction. A temperature of 65ºC was recommended as standard during the amplification stage. Of all 26 BALF specimens, the approach could recognize 8 PA from the BALF specimens without the need for bacterial culture, from which, 7 were positive and 1 was negative. Conclusions. The instrument-free platform of the MCDA assay makes it a simple, rapid and applicable procedure for “on-site” diagnosis and point-of-care testing for the presence of PA without the need for specific bacterial culture.
Cancer development in COPD patients: retrospective analysis of the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort in Korea
Authors: Ahn Song Vogue , Park Bumhee , Jung Jin Hee , Lee Eunyoung , Park Ji Eun , Sheen Seung Soo , Park Kwang Joo , Park Jae Bum , Park Hae-Sim , Park Joo Hun
Published: February 2020

Background COPD is a well-known risk factor for lung cancer, independent of smoking behavior. By investigating the retrospective National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) in Korea, this study attempted to prove our hypothesis that COPD is a risk factor for major cancers developing outside of the lungs. We also aimed to investigate the environmental factors associated with the development of lung cancer in COPD patients. Methods This study analyzed data from the NHIS-NSC over a 12-year period. Among the 514,795 subjects in the NHIS-NSC, 20,837 patients who were diagnosed with any cancer from 2002 to 2003 were excluded. Finally, this cohort enrolled four arms, the healthy control group (N=127,884), never-smokers with COPD (N=29,799), former smokers with COPD (N=3,267), and smokers with COPD (N=8,335). Results Over a 12-year period, lung cancer developed in 1.27% of the never-smokers with COPD, 2.97% of the former smokers with COPD, and 4.79% of smokers with COPD much higher than in 0.63% of the healthy control group (p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that COPD, regardless of smoking status, contributed to the development of lung cancer but was not linked with any other major cancers, including stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer and acute myeloid leukemia (p < 0.01). Age, male gender, lower BMI, low exercise level, smoking, and COPD were independent factors associated with the development of lung cancer (p< 0.01) Conclusion Our data suggest that COPD was an independent risk factor for the development of lung cancer in the Korean population, regardless of smoking status but other major cancers were not linked with COPD.
A long non-coding RNA, HOTAIR, promotes osteoarthritis development by inhibiting WIF-1 expression and activating Wnt pathway
Authors: Yang Yang , Xing Dan , Wang Yawei , Jia Haobo , Li Bing , Li Jiao Jiao
Published: February 2020

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are recently found to be critical regulators of the epigenome. However, our knowledge of their role in osteoarthritis (OA) development is limited. This study investigates the mechanism by which HOTAIR, a key lncRNA with elevated expression in OA, affects OA disease progression. Results: HOTAIR expression was greatly elevated in osteoarthritic compared to normal chondrocytes. Silencing and over-expression of HOTAIR in SW1353 cells respectively reduced and increased the expression of genes associated with cartilage degradation in OA. Investigation of molecular pathways revealed that HOTAIR acted directly on Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF-1) by increasing histone H3K27 trimethylation in the WIF-1 promoter, leading to WIF-1 repression that favours activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions: Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling by HOTAIR through WIF-1 repression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes increases catabolic gene expression and promotes cartilage degradation. This is the first study to demonstrate a direct link between HOTAIR, WIF-1 and OA progression, which may be useful for future investigations into disease biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
Evaluation of TaqMan Array Card (TAC) for the Detection of 28 Respiratory Pathogens
Authors: Liu Keke , Jing Hongbo , Chen Ying , Zheng Xin , Jiang Hua , Kong Decong , Zheng Yvling , Chen Shuiping , Liu Peng , Jiang Yongqiang
Published: February 2020

Background: Respiratory infections are a serious threat to human health. So, rapid detection of all respiratory pathogens can facilitate prompt treatment and prevent the deterioration of respiratory disease. Previously published primers and probes of the TaqMan array card (TAC) for respiratory pathogens are not sensitive to Chinese clinical specimens. This study aimed to develop and improve the TAC assay to detect 28 respiratory viral and bacterial pathogens in a Chinese population. Methods: To improve the sensitivity, we redesigned the primers and probes, and labeled the probes with minor groove binders. The amplification efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity of the primers and probes were determined using target-gene containing standard plasmids. The detection performance of the TAC was evaluated on 754 clinical specimens and the results were compared with those from conventional methods. Results: The performance of the TAC assay was evaluated using 754 clinical throat swab samples and the results were compared with those from gold-standard methods. The sensitivity and specificity were 95.4% and 96.6%, respectively. The lowest detection limit of the TAC was 10 to 100 copies/μL. Conclusions: TAC is an efficient, accurate, and high-throughput approach to detecting multiple respiratory pathogens simultaneously and is a promising tool for the identification of pathogen outbreaks.
An Evidence-Based Research on Botanical Sources for Oral Mucositis Treatment in Traditional Persian Medicine
Authors: Hasheminasab Fatemeh Sadat , Sharififar Fariba , Hashemi Seyed Mehdi , Setayesh Mohammad
Published: February 2020

Background:

Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases associated with heavy complications in treatment. Mucotoxic cancer therapies such as head and neck radiotherapy and some of the chemotherapy agents may lead to oral mucositis. In addition to its economic consequences, mucositis also affects patients' quality of life. In Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) manuscripts, several medicaments have been suggested for the treatment of mucositis.

Objective:

Considering the public welcome for herbal medicine, the current evidence-based review study is conducted to investigate the herbal remedies which have been proposed for oral mucositis in TPM.

Methods:

At first, a comprehensive survey was done on Qanon fi al-Teb, which is the most important textbook of TPM; then the scientific name of the herbs was authenticated according to the botanical textbooks. At last, data banks including Scopus, Pubmed, Web of science and Science direct were investigated for possible relevant properties of each medicinal plant in the literature.

Results:

In total, 30 herbs are introduced in this study. According to the registered documents, 18 herbs are reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-nociceptive and wound healing properties of which the therapeutic effect of only a few herbs including Glycyrrhiza glabra, Malva sylvestris, Morus nigra, Punica granatum, and Solanum nigrum were directly evaluated against oral mucositis on the literature.

Conclusion:

Despite the lack of human studies on mucositis for the other discussed herbs, their related pharmacological properties can be considered for new natural drug discovery supported by medieval and traditional experiments.
Synthesis of (E)-1,2-Bis[4-[di(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl]phenyl]ethene as a New Bis(dipyrromethane) Building Block
Authors: Ranjbari Faride , Hemmati Salar , Rashidi Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2020

Dipyrromethanes are useful intermediates in the synthesis of porphyrins and their analogs.
In this paper, we report the synthesis of a new bis(dipyrromethane) {(E)-1,2-bis[4-[di(1H-pyrrol-2-
yl)methyl]phenyl]ethene}, from (E)-4,4'-1,2-ethenediylbis(benzaldehyde), showing a long resonance
chain with improved UV spectrometric properties. This product has high potential in the synthesis of
new bis(porphyrins) or other related compounds.
Chemical Analysis, Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous and Organic Moroccan Juglans regia L. Bark Extracts
Authors: Boulfia Mohamed , Lamchouri Fatima , Toufik Hamid
Published: February 2020

Background:

The present study was conducted on the Moroccan Juglans regia L. bark, in comparison with other Juglans regia collected in other countries, to study the effects of the use of different extraction solvents (water, ethanol, acetone, and diethyl ether), aqueous and organic extraction method, hot and cold extraction by maceration modalities on the presence and content of the different phytochemicals, and on the antioxidant activity.

Methods:

Various solvents of increasing polarity were used for the preparation of aqueous and organic extracts. Afterwards, a phytochemical screening, an estimation of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins contents was conducted. The in vitro antioxidant activity was carried out by five tests: H2O2, ABTS, FRAP, DPPH, and reducing power. Subsequently, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to establish the correlation between phenol content and antioxidant activity.

Results:

Phytochemical analysis showed that the 9 extracts prepared are characterized by the presence of flavonoids, catechic tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, and quinones, and that the macerated acetone extract contains the highest content of phenolic compounds (327.972±0.06 μgEAG/mgE), flavonoids (1267.981±2.911 μgEQ/mgE), and tannins (38.056±1.886 μgEC/gE). The best antioxidant activity was obtained with the macerated acetone which was found to be the most active via the five different tests, with a percentage of scavenging of H2O2 equal at 24.13±1.81, a higher value of ABTS equal to 602.29±0.34 μgET/mgE. PCA allowed us to deduce that phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins are strongly correlated with antioxidant activity.

Conclusion:

Moroccan Juglans regia may be one of the potential sources of antioxidant compounds.
Predicting Thermophilic Proteins by Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Xian-Fang , Gao Peng , Liu Yi-Feng , Li Hong-Fei , Lu Fan
Published: February 2020

Background:

Thermophilic proteins can maintain good activity under high temperature,
therefore, it is important to study thermophilic proteins for the thermal stability of proteins.

Objective:

In order to solve the problem of low precision and low efficiency in predicting
thermophilic proteins, a prediction method based on feature fusion and machine learning was
proposed in this paper.

Methods:

For the selected thermophilic data sets, firstly, the thermophilic protein sequence was
characterized based on feature fusion by the combination of g-gap dipeptide, entropy density and
autocorrelation coefficient. Then, Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) was used to reduce
the dimension of the expressed protein sequence features in order to reduce the training time and
improve efficiency. Finally, the classification model was designed by using the classification
algorithm.

Results:

A variety of classification algorithms was used to train and test on the selected thermophilic
dataset. By comparison, the accuracy of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) under the jackknife
method was over 92%. The combination of other evaluation indicators also proved that the SVM
performance was the best.

Conclusion:

Because of choosing an effectively feature representation method and a robust
classifier, the proposed method is suitable for predicting thermophilic proteins and is superior to
most reported methods.
CDK1 in Breast Cancer: Implications for Theranostic Potential
Authors: Izadi Sepideh , Nikkhoo Afshin , Hojjat-Farsangi Mohammad , Namdar Afshin , Azizi Gholamreza , Mohammadi Hamed , Yousefi Mehdi , Jadidi-Niaragh Farhad
Published: February 2020

Breast cancer has been identified as one of the main cancer-related deaths among women during
some last decades. Recent advances in the introduction of novel potent anti-cancer therapeutics in association
with early detection methods led to a decrease in the mortality rate of breast cancer. However, the scenario of
breast cancer is yet going on and further improvements in the current anti-cancer therapeutic approaches are
needed. Several factors are present in the tumor microenvironment which help to cancer progression and suppression
of anti-tumor responses. Targeting these cancer-promoting factors in the tumor microenvironment has
been suggested as a potent immunotherapeutic approach for cancer therapy. Among the various tumorsupporting
factors, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) are proposed as a novel promising target for cancer therapy.
These factors in association with cyclins play a key role in cell cycle progression. Dysregulation of CDKs
which leads to increased cell proliferation has been identified in various cancers, such as breast cancer. Accordingly,
the development and use of CDK-inhibitors have been associated with encouraging results in the treatment
of breast cancer. However, it is unknown that the inhibition of which CDK is the most effective strategy
for breast cancer therapy. Since the selective blockage of CDK1 alone or in combination with other therapeutics
has been associated with potent anti-cancer outcomes, it is suggested that CDK1 may be considered as the best
CDK target for breast cancer therapy. In this review, we will discuss the role of CDK1 in breast cancer progression
and treatment.
Omalizumab in the Treatment of Chronic Urticaria: The Effect of Drug Co-Administration and Co-Morbidities
Authors: Tagka Anna , Lambrou George I. , Nicolaidou Electra , Nakou Evangelia , Makris Michael , Stratigos Alexandros , Katsarou Alexandra
Published: February 2020

Background:

Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU) is a disease presenting typical wheals characterized by itching, angioedema or both. Although CU is, by appearance, a relatively “simple” disease, yet it has a devastating effect on those suffering due to its immense social implications.

Aims:

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of omalizumab in the treatment of CSU. In particular, gender, co-administration of drugs and comorbidities were taken into account.

Materials and Method:

108 patients (25 Males/83 Females) admitted to our department were diagnosed with CSU and were treated for 30 months. CSU was estimated on a score basis, which was used in order to define disease severity. The mean total CSU score and the mean CSU score of the first trimester, as well as the first semester, were calculated. Patients were treated with omalizumab, and in several cases, with co-administration of dapsone, cyclosporine and anti-histamines.

Results:

Females manifested significantly higher scores as compared to males. Further on, patients who relapsed manifested significantly higher scores during the whole time course, as well as at the end of the first semester.

Conclusions:

Females are more prone to CSU. Although CSU scores in patients with remission, relapse and poor response manifested no significant difference at diagnosis, relapsed patients manifested higher CSU scores in the first semester. Therefore, the first semester of treatment is probably critical for the final patient outcome. Further studies are necessary in order to understand the mechanisms of CSU for better treatment and prognosis.
Macroalgas de la laguna "El Carmen", Tabasco, México
Authors: Pérez Jiménez Graciela María , Rivas-Acuña Ma. Guadalupe , León Álvarez Daniel , Campos Campos Bernardita , Quiroz-González Nataly
Published: February 2020

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Debido a la escasez de conocimiento sobre macroalgas en lagunas costeras de Tabasco, en este trabajo se determina la diversidad ficoflorística de macroalgas asociadas a la laguna El Carmen, municipio de Cárdenas, y se contribuye al conocimiento biológico y ecológico en el estado de Tabasco. Métodos: Se realizaron tres muestreos en un ciclo anual de 2015 a 2016 durante la época de lluvias, la de nortes y la de secas. Los organismos se recolectaron manualmente, se fijaron con agua marina y formol al 4%, se identificaron y se depositaron en los herbarios FCME (UNAM) y UJAT. Resultados clave: Se reportan 21 especies de macroalgas marinas, tres de las cuales son nuevos registros para el estado de Tabasco. La división Rhodophyta con las familias Gracilariaceae y Rhodomelaceae tiene la mayor riqueza de especies; Gracilaria blodgetti es la más abundante. La temporada de nortes obtuvo la mayor riqueza y abundancia. Conclusiones: Se incrementó a 125 el número de registros de Rhodophyta y 28 de Ochrophyta para Tabasco. Se sugiere ampliar el número de muestreos sistemáticos en un ciclo anual con la finalidad de tener una mejor representación de la diversidad y la estacionalidad de las macroalgas en la laguna El Carmen.
Next-Generation Sequencing–Based Cancer Panel Data Conversion Using International Standards to Implement a Clinical Next-Generation Sequencing Research System: Single-Institution Study
Authors: Park Phillip , Shin Soo-Yong , Park Seog Yun , Yun Jeonghee , Shin Chulmin , Jung Jipmin , Choi Kui Son , Cha Hyo Soung
Published: February 2020

Background

The analytical capacity and speed of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology have been improved. Many genetic variants associated with various diseases have been discovered using NGS. Therefore, applying NGS to clinical practice results in precision or personalized medicine. However, as clinical sequencing reports in electronic health records (EHRs) are not structured according to recommended standards, clinical decision support systems have not been fully utilized. In addition, integrating genomic data with clinical data for translational research remains a great challenge.

Objective

To apply international standards to clinical sequencing reports and to develop a clinical research information system to integrate standardized genomic data with clinical data.

Methods

We applied the recently published ISO/TS 20428 standard to 367 clinical sequencing reports generated by panel (91 genes) sequencing in EHRs and implemented a clinical NGS research system by extending the clinical data warehouse to integrate the necessary clinical data for each patient. We also developed a user interface with a clinical research portal and an NGS result viewer.

Results

A single clinical sequencing report with 28 items was restructured into four database tables and 49 entities. As a result, 367 patients’ clinical sequencing data were connected with clinical data in EHRs, such as diagnosis, surgery, and death information. This system can support the development of cohort or case-control datasets as well.

Conclusions

The standardized clinical sequencing data are not only for clinical practice and could be further applied to translational research.
Digital Immigrants in a Blended Learning Environment: A Case Study in Malaysia
Authors: Lay Kee Chng , Emmanuel Jasmine Selvarani
Published: February 2020

In this rapidly changing environment, an increasing number of people are turning towards open distance universities to earn their degrees, develop new skills and acquire current knowledge in order to upgrade themselves in their professions. A number of them who enrol in these blended learning or fully online courses are middle-aged, born or brought up before the widespread use of digital technology. These digital immigrants, being used to traditional classrooms, are not very tech savvy and can be fearful about using technology as part of their learning. This study gives an insight into their learning styles, learning emotions, challenges and experience of using technology in the e-learning process during their first semester at an open distance university. The findings show that regardless of the difficulties and challenges that participants had gone through during the semester, all participants observed some changes in themselves such as the increase of confidence levels, better stress and time management skills, improvement in writing skills and becoming more independent learners with an increased ability to use technological tools for their learning. In addition, even though the learning environment is technology-based, digital immigrants maintain that they still prefer the blended learning mode rather than going completely online.
Свободные прямоугольные n-кратные полугруппы
Authors: Жучок Анатолий Владимирович
Published: February 2020

n-кратной полугруппой называется непустое множество G, снабженное n бинарными операциями  $$\fbox{1}\,, \fbox{2}\,, ..., \fbox{n}\,,$$ удовлетворяющими аксиомам  $$(x\fbox{r} \, y) \fbox{s}\, z=x\fbox{r}\,(y\fbox{s}\,z)$$ для всех  $$x,y,z \in G$$  и  $$r,s\in \{1,2,...,n\}.$$ Это понятие рассматривал Н.А.Корешков в контексте теории  n-кратных алгебр ассоциативного типа. Доппельполугруппы являются  2-кратными полугруппами.  n-кратные полугруппы имеют связи с интерассоциативными полугруппами, димоноидами, триоидами, доппельалгебрами, дуплексами, G-димоноидами и рестриктивными биполугруппами. Если операции  n-кратной полугруппы совпадают, то  она превращается в полугруппу. Таким образом,  n-кратные полугруппы являются обобщением полугрупп. Класс всех n-кратных полугрупп образует многообразие. Недавно были построены свободная n-кратная полугруппа, свободная коммутативная  n-кратная полугруппа, свободная k-нильпотентная  n-кратная полугруппа и свободное произведение произвольных  n-кратных полугрупп. Класс всех прямоугольных  n-кратных полугрупп, то есть  n-кратных полугрупп с n прямоугольными полугруппами, образует подмногообразие многообразия  n-кратных полугрупп. В этой статье мы строим свободную прямоугольную n-кратную полугруппу и характеризуем наименьшую прямоугольную конгруэнцию на свободной n-кратной полугруппе.
STUDI A NALISA PENGEMBANGAN DAN PEMANFAATAN GROUND FAULT DETECTOR (GFD) PADA JARINGAN 20 KV PLN DISJAYA TANGERANG
Authors: Badaruddin Badaruddin
Published: February 2020

Ground Fault Detector (GFD) Yang merupakan detector gangguan hubung singkat ke tanah yang bertujuan untuk mempercepat melokalisir gangguan pada saluran kabel tegangan menengah (SKTM) 20 kV. Jaringan SKTM yang gardunya terpasang Ground Fault Detector (GFD) lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan jaringan SKTM yang gardunya masih kurang terpasang Ground Fault Detector (GFD), karena jaringan yang gardunya sudah banyak terpasang Ground Fault Detector (GFD) akan lebih cepat mengisolir gangguan.Kata Kunci : Ground Fault Detector, Jaringan SKTM, Gangguan Hubung Singkat
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM MONITORING RUANGAN LABORATORIUM RADIOGRAFI BERBASIS ARDUINO DAN ANDROID
Authors: Suhendro Budi , Witanto Pranowo Adi , Budianto Anwar
Published: February 2020

Sistem monitoring menggunakan Internet Protocol Camera (IPcam) sebagai pemantau akhir-akhir ini semakin marak dipergunakan digedung-gedung perkantoran, universitas, pasar swalayan dan Automated Teller Machine (ATM) center. Closed Circuit TeleVision (CCTV) sendiri kini juga dipasang dan digunakan pada tempat-tempat yang memang memerlukan tingkat pengamanan cukup tinggi, seperti ruangan laboratorium radiografi yang menyimpan pesawat sinar-X. Pembuatan sistem monitoring ruangan laboratorium radiografi menggunanakan sensor ultrasonik untuk mendeteksi orang yang masuk ruangan. Setelah sensor ultrasonik dan servo aktif, Arduino menginterupsi wavecom untuk mengirimkan pesan ke telepon seluler  operator  radiografi.  IPcam  merekam kejadian diruangan dan video dapat diakses menggunakan Android oleh operator  radiografi yang terkoneksi dengan jaringan internet. Sistem monitoring ruangan ini dapat  mendeteksi orang ketika bergerak di suatu ruangan dengan jarak maksimal 3,5 m dari sensor ultrasonik.Kata kunci: Sensor ultrasonik, Arduino, Motor servo, IP kamera, SMS, Android.
PENURUNAN SUSUT NON TEKNIS PADA JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM AUTOMATIC METER READING DI PT. PLN (PERSERO)
Authors: Agustina Ellisa , Amalia Alvina Fitri
Published: February 2020

Losses atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah Susut merupakan parameter yang harus selalu diperhatikan oleh PT. PLN (Persero), karena parameter tersebut yang menunjukkan seberapa baik efisiensi dari suatu sistem. Semakin besar nilai susut, berarti semakin kecil efisiensi sistem tersebut. Pada jaringan distribusi susut dapat terjadi karena beberapa factor, antara lain factor teknis dan non teknis. Prosentase total susut PLN Disjaya pada tahun 2013 sebesar 8.52%. Angka tersebut masih jauh diatas target kinerja yang ditetapkan oleh PLN Pusat sebesar 6.0%.Saat ini akan diterapkan metode pengukuran energi listrik dengan menggunakan sistem AMR (Automatic Meter Reading). Sistem AMR merupakan suatu sistem pembacaan atau pengambilan data hasil pengukuran energi listrik pada konsumen secara local maupun jarak jauh, dimana jadwal pembacaan dapat ditentukan sesuai kebutuhan. AMR dapat mengidentifikasi beberapa anomaly yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya susut, antara lain anomaly arus, tegangan dan kesalahan pada saat pengawatan.Dari hasil perhitungan melalui analisa profil beban AMR diperoleh total susut energi di PLN Disjaya dan Tangerang pada tahun 2014 sebesar 4.551.767,2 kWh atau setara dengan Rp 4.175.758.693,- (Empat Milyar Seratus Tujuh Puluh Lima Juta Tujuh Ratus Lima Puluh Delapan Ribu Enam Ratus Sembilan Puluh Tiga Rupiah). Secara keseluruhan penggunaan system AMR dari tahun ke tahun ini dapat menurunkan prosentase susut pada. Pada tahun 2014 prosentase susut sebesar 6.61%
The Outpatient Training Gap: A Pilot Study
Authors: DeGette Raphaela Lipinski , Knox Margae , Bodenheimer Thomas
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives: Most family medicine residency training takes place in hospitals, which is not reflective of the outpatient care practiced by most primary care clinicians. This pilot study is an initial exploration of family medicine residency directors’ opinions regarding this outpatient training gap.
Methods: The authors surveyed 11 California family medicine residency program directors in 2017-2018 about factors that influence decisions regarding allocation of residents’ inpatient and outpatient time. Nine of the 11 program directors agreed to be interviewed. We analyzed the interviews for common themes.
Results: The participating program directors were generally satisfied with inpatient and outpatient balance in their residents’ schedules. Factors identified as promoting inpatient training included the need for resident staffing of hospital services, the educational value of inpatient rotations, and a lack of capacity in continuity clinics. From the program directors’ perspective, residency funding played no direct role in curriculum planning. Program directors also felt that the ACGME requirements prescribing 1,650 continuity clinic visits throughout residency inhibited the development of creative outpatient training opportunities.
Conclusions: Family medicine residency program directors participating in this exploratory study did not feel that their programs overly emphasized inpatient care and training.
Women’s Perspectives on Reproductive Health Services in Primary Care
Authors: Manze Meredith G. , Romero Diana R. , Sumberg Annie , Gagnon Monica , Roberts Lynn , Jones Heidi
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives: Primary care providers (PCPs) are increasingly offering reproductive health (RH) services to help address patients’ unmet contraceptive needs and improve pregnancy outcomes. We sought to understand patient perspectives on receipt of RH services in primary care settings.
Methods: We used a purposeful stratified sampling approach to recruit women aged 21 to 40 years into focus groups (FGs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs). We held all four FGs in two New York City neighborhoods and all 18 IDIs in two upstate NY suburban/rural neighborhoods (each with half of the neighborhoods above and below the median county income in each setting type). We explored participants’ preferences for RH services from PCPs, including their feelings about being asked about pregnancy intentions. We also asked their opinions on three distinct pregnancy intention screening and reproductive health needs assessment questions. Data analysis involved an iterative process of excerpt coding and interpretive analysis to identify key themes.
Results: We conducted four FGs and 18 IDIs with a total of 39 women. Participants were receptive to the availability of RH services in primary care and the benefits to streamlining this care, provided clinicians approach these services in a manner that respects patient autonomy and reproductive desires. They discussed a lack of preconception care counseling and concerns about primary care providers’ training and/or comfort with RH, as well as time spent with patients. Participants had the most positive response to the proposed question “Can I help you with any reproductive health services today, such as birth control or planning for a healthy pregnancy?” based on its open-endedness, inclusiveness, and promotion of reproductive autonomy.
Conclusions: The findings of this study support the continued expansion of RH services in primary care settings. Future research should test the preferred RH service needs question to understand how it may affect service delivery, patient satisfaction, reproductive autonomy, as well as unmet contraceptive need and indicators of maternal and child health.
Certified Nurse Midwives as Teachers of Family Medicine Residents
Authors: Farahi Narges , Neylan Elizabeth , Silbersack Johanna , Oat-Judge Julia , Sloane Philip D.
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives: The high quality of obstetric care provided by certified nurse midwives (CNMs) has led some to hypothesize that collaboration with CNMs may encourage more family medicine (FM) residents to subsequently practice maternity care. Our goal was to understand the current state of CNM involvement in FM resident education.
Methods: We conducted two surveys: one to a random sample of 180 FM program directors, and one to 147 CNMs involved in medical education. The surveys examined the nature, prevalence, and attitudes regarding CNM involvement in FM residency training.
Results: The surveys’ response rate was 59% from FM program directors and 58% from CNMs. Thirty-six percent of FM directors reported no CNM involvement in their residency programs, 26% reported minimal interaction, and only 6% reported a fully integrated model with CNMs on faculty. Eighty-eight percent of CNMs and 64% of program directors reported a prefence for increased interaction. Programs with highly involved CNMs reported 33% of graduates subsequently practicing prenatal care, with only 13% of graduates practicing in programs with low CNM involvement (P<.003). However, there was no difference in those providing inpatient maternity care. Thirty-one percent of FM program directors and 25% of CNMs felt that physicians and CNMs have different ideas about how to treat patients; 26% of FM program directors who worked with midwives felt that CNMs should not be involved in residency curriculum planning.
Conclusions: CNM participation in FM residency education is very limited. Our study identified a gap between the current state and the preferences of CNMs and FM program directors for greater educational collaboration. Residency program director attitudes may contribute to the low rate of collaboration between the two fields.
Epigenetic Link Between Statin Therapy and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ochoa-Rosales Carolina , Portilla-Fernandez Eliana , Nano Jana , Wilson Rory , Lehne Benjamin , Mishra Pashupati P. , Gao Xu , Ghanbari Mohsen , Rueda-Ochoa Oscar L. , Juvinao-Quintero Diana , Loh Marie , Zhang Weihua , Kooner Jaspal S. , Grabe Hans J. , Felix Stephan B. , Schöttker Ben , Zhang Yan , Gieger Christian , Müller-Nurasyid Martina , Heier Margit , Peters Annette , Lehtimäki Terho , Teumer Alexander , Brenner Hermann , Waldenberger Melanie , Ikram M. Arfan , van Meurs Joyce B.J. , Franco Oscar H. , Voortman Trudy , Chambers John , Stricker Bruno H. , Muka Taulant
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the role of epigenetics in statins’ diabetogenic effect comparing DNA methylation (DNAm) between statin users and nonusers in an epigenome-wide association study in blood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Five cohort studies’ participants (n = 8,270) were classified as statin users when they were on statin therapy at the time of DNAm assessment with Illumina 450K or EPIC array or noncurrent users otherwise. Associations of DNAm with various outcomes like incident type 2 diabetes, plasma glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance (HOMA of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) as well as with gene expression were investigated.

RESULTS

Discovery (n = 6,820) and replication (n = 1,450) phases associated five DNAm sites with statin use: cg17901584 (1.12 × 10−25 [DHCR24]), cg10177197 (3.94 × 10−08 [DHCR24]), cg06500161 (2.67 × 10−23 [ABCG1]), cg27243685 (6.01 × 10−09 [ABCG1]), and cg05119988 (7.26 × 10−12 [SC4MOL]). Two sites were associated with at least one glycemic trait or type 2 diabetes. Higher cg06500161 methylation was associated with higher fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.34 [95% CI 1.22, 1.47]). Mediation analyses suggested that ABCG1 methylation partially mediates the effect of statins on high insulin and HOMA-IR. Gene expression analyses showed that statin exposure and ABCG1 methylation were associated with ABCG1 downregulation, suggesting epigenetic regulation of ABCG1 expression. Further, outcomes insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly associated with ABCG1 expression.

CONCLUSIONS

This study sheds light on potential mechanisms linking statins with type 2 diabetes risk, providing evidence on DNAm partially mediating statins’ effects on insulin traits. Further efforts shall disentangle the molecular mechanisms through which statins may induce DNAm changes, potentially leading to ABCG1 epigenetic regulation.
Identifikasi Waste Proyek Konstruksi Jalan dengan Menggunakan Metode Lean Project Management
Authors: Jasri Harpito , Anwardi Anwardi , Hamdy Muhammad Ihsan
Published: February 2020

Keterlambatan suatu proyek konstrukdi dapat terjadi akibat tidak produktifnya setiap elemen-elemen yang terlibat didalam proyek tersebut. Keterlambatan dapat perdampak pada terjadinya pemborosan (waste). Waste mengakibatkan terjadinya kerugian biaya pada suatu proyek konstruksi. Perbaikan dengan metode Lean Project Management dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Waste yang terjadi di identifikasi dengan metode WAM (Waste Assessment Model). Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi didapatkan waste yang muncul yaitu waste defect sebesar 20,68%, waste inventory sebesar 18,48%, waste motion 14,56%, waste overproduction sebesar 13,37, waste waiting 12,83%, waste transportation 10,48% dan design and service 2,93%. Kerugian biaya akibat waste tersebut adalah sebesar Rp. 87.362.572. Faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya waste tersebut adalah lingkungan yaitu cuaca yang tidak dapat diprediksi, terjadi kerusakan pada mesin, keterlambatan ketersediaan material, penyimpanan material yang tidak pada tempatnya, serta pekerja yang tidak ahli.
Ocorrência de febre maculosa brasileira no estado de minas gerais no período de 2013 a 2017
Authors: Lamas Luciano Gonçalves , Castro Jonathan Mendes de , Oliveira Talles Vinícius de Castro , Proti Enaile de Souza , Martins Ranyelli Estefany da Costa , Azevedo Marcela Alves , Araújo Diego Azevedo , Arruda Jacqueline Souza Dutra , Guerra Carlos Henrique Wernersbach , Costa Wendel Jose Teixeira
Published: February 2020

Esse trabalho tem por objetivo descrever a ocorrência da Febre Maculosa Brasileira nas macrorregiões do estado de Minas Gerais no período de 2013 a 2017. Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo, com delineamento de série temporal e utilização de dados de natureza secundária referentes à ocorrência de casos de Febre Maculosa, da população residente no Estado de Minas Gerais. Observou-se maior incidência de casos de Febre Maculosa Brasileira em homens, com menos de 8 anos de estudos, idade entre 20 e 59 anos, raça parda e negra, residentes nas macrorregiões Jequitinhonha, Leste do Sul  e Sudeste, com alta mortalidade no período analisado. Estes dados evidenciam necessidade de atenção do poder público nas áreas mais incidentes, com foco na Atenção Básica, a fim de modificar essa realidade através de campanhas de conscientização, abordando a identificação de sinais e sintomas da doença, medidas de controle de vetores e prevenção da contaminação, a fim de reduzir a ocorrência de casos e principalmente de óbitos.
Síndrome de Burnout em profissionais de Enfermagem no contexto da Atenção Básica
Authors: Da Silva Júlia Fernanda , Silveira Monique Cardoso , Santos Andréia Andrade dos , Resende Márcio Antônio , De Assis Bianca Cristina Silva
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Identificar estratégias para diminuir os riscos aos quais os profissionais da enfermagem da atenção básica estão expostos para o desenvolvimento da síndrome de Burnout. Revisão bibliográfica: A presente revisão narrativa busca, por meio de produções relevantes, analisar o contexto que leva ao aparecimento e ao desenvolvimento da Síndrome de Burnout em sujeitos que são determinantes para o cuidado na saúde: os profissionais de enfermagem. Além disso, entender melhor o processo saúde-doença desses indivíduos nos ambientes de trabalho que deveriam acolhê-los pode facilitar a compreensão das causas para o problema bem como de meios para evitá-lo e modos de resolver a questão, focando na prevenção e na promoção de saúde. Considerações finais: Fica clara a importância de se trazer à tona essa discussão de modo a melhorar a qualidade de vida dos profissionais de Enfermagem, e espera-se que esse estudo contribua para a construção acadêmica e humanizada desses indivíduos.
Recent review on Nano sponge
Authors: Ananya KV  , Preethi S  , Amit B Patil  , Gowda DV
Published: February 2020

Nanotechnology developments have resulted in the emergence of many forms of pharmaceutical products like Nanoemulsions, Nano micelles, Nano sponges and Nano niosomes. In recent years, through nanotechnology, Nano sponges (NS) has acquired remarkable strength in drug delivery. Later, as they effectively overcome the problems like increasing the solubility of water-insoluble drugs, increasing bioavailability, reducing drug toxicity, avoiding drug degradation and targeting the drug to a specific site, which offers controlled drug delivery for topical use. They can also be used as a carrier as biocatalysts for vaccines, enzymes, proteins and antibodies. Nano sponges are better than micro sponges because the diameter of Nano sponge is below 1μm and the diameter of the microsponge is 10-25μm with the void size around 5-300μm, thereby decreases side effect and protect the drug from degradation. This review study to expound the characteristics of β-cyclodextrin based Nano sponges like factors affecting the formation of Nano sponges, applications in topical formulation and comparison of different marketed products of Nano sponges along with cyclodextrin in various drug delivery and offer high drug loading compared to other Nanocarriers
The correlation between progesterone/MII oocyte ratio on the day of trigger and ICSI outcome
Authors: Nassrin Malik Aubead
Published: February 2020

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines subfertility as the inability to get pregnant in couples who have more than 12 months maintaining frequent sexual intercourse without the use of contraceptives methods. Subfertility affects approximately 10-15% of couples in fertile age and this figure is increasing. Assess the level of serum progesterone\MII oocyte ratio at the day of a trigger is to determine that if associated with poor ICSI-embryo transfer outcome. A retrospective cohort study carried in the period from Nov.1, 2018 to the end of Nov. 2019, when 50 patients were enrolled within the age between 20-35 years old with mean age (29±5)years and the main age group were in between (25-30) years. The most common cause of subfertility was oligospermia (48.0%) and the HCG was positive in (20.0%) of the patients and negative in (80.0%), Significant association were found between implantation rate and P/MII oocyte ratio (P=0.008), while highly significant association were noticed between pregnancy rate and P/MII oocyte ratio (P<0.001). Progesterone increase should be avoided that lead to advance maturation of the endometrium and impaired endometrial receptivity, so from these results, we concluded that raised serum progesterone\MII oocyte ratio at the day of the trigger is related with reduced ICSI-embryo transfer outcome.
Effect of dual task exercise to develop body balance, movement co-ordination and walking speed among post cervical injury clients
Authors: Dayanidhi Hota  , Sasmita Das  , Neethu Maria Joseph
Published: February 2020

To determine the effect of level of body balance, movement coordination and walking speed among patients with a cervical injury.  A true experimental design (pre-test and post-test control group) was set up in the physiotherapy unit of Regional Spinal Injury Centre (RSIC), Cuttack, Odisha. A total of 40 post cervical injury patients were selected who were undergoing single task exercises in the setting.  Patients were divided randomly with 20 in experimental and 20 in the control group. The experimental group performed dual-task exercises (for hands and legs) for 6 days a week, continuing for 4 weeks. Body balance was measured using ‘berg balance scale’, movement coordination and walking speed assessed with ‘motor assessment scale’. There was a significant improvement in the scores of body balance and movement coordination among the experimental group. The control group showed no significant difference between the pre and post-test scores. There was no significant change in the pre and post-intervention scores of movement coordination and walking speed among the experimental and control group except in body balance. Dual-task exercises were helpful in developing the body balance, movement coordination and walking speed among post cervical injury patients.
Fighting on the Ocean Blue: New Zealand's Extra-Territorial Jurisdiction and Maritime Protest
Authors: Smith Timothy
Published: February 2020

In this article the author discusses New Zealand's extraÂ­territorial jurisdiction over criminal acts which occur in the course of protest on the high seas.  In particular, the jurisdictional provisions of the Crimes Act 1961 and the Maritime Crimes Act 1999 are analysed for consistency with international norms and for their value in deterring incidents of violence.  The author concludes that, while imperfect, the current structure for asserting extraÂ­territorial jurisdiction is perhaps the most convenient given the uncertainty inherent in jurisdictional assertions.
Whither Nervous Shock? The Current State, Future Direction and Possible Reform of Compensation for Negligently Inflicted Psychiatric Injury after Ramstead
Authors: McRae Peter Richmond
Published: February 2020

Whether compensation should be available for psychiatric injury, traditionally labelled "nervous shock", has been a vexed question whether considered by the courts or by regulatory bodies in terms of the Accident Compensation scheme. In this article, the author provides an analysis of the evolution of compensation for nervous shock in New Zealand, from its incorporation in the original Accident Compensation Act 1972, its release into tort by the 1992 Act and its subsequent development by the courts up until the Court of Appeal decision in Ramstead. The decision in Ramstead is then analysed, and its implications for the tort discussed in light of the United Kingdom and Australian jurisprudence. Ultimately, the author concludes that nervous shock is better dealt with under the statutory compensation scheme and canvasses the arguments made in support and against this proposition.
Is Hyde Park Hiding the Truth? An Analysis of the Public Interest Defence to Copyright Infringement
Authors: Yurkowski Rachel A
Published: February 2020

The existence, or not, of a public interest defence in the sphere of copyright law has been an issue of contention for many years. Due to the comprehensive statutory fair dealing defences available, only a handful of defendants have sought to rely on this defence, which exists at common law. However, when the defence has been raised, the judges have been unable to reach a consensus on its status, scope and indeed availability as a defence to breach of copyright.This paper analyses the extent to which public interest concerns are addressed in statutory copyright law, and presents arguments in support of extending the common law public interest defence to copyright law. However, any such defence must be limited in its scope and applicability, so as to avoid becoming a "thieves charter".