bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel fractal antenna based on the Sierpinski structure for super wide‐band applications
Authors: Figueroa‐Torres Cruz Ángel , Medina‐Monroy José Luis , Lobato‐Morales Humberto , Chávez‐Pérez Ricardo Arturo , Calvillo‐Téllez Andrés
Published: March 2017

In this article, a novel structure of a planar monopole antenna for Super Wide‐band applications is proposed. The structure is based on the complementary Sierpinski triangle surrounded by two semi‐circular sectors. The ground plane of the antenna has been modified including some slots to improve the operating bandwidth and coupling. The simulated and experimental results show that the antenna achieves a ratio impedance bandwidth >15:1 (from 1.68 to 26 GHz) for S11 ≤ −10dB. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1148–1153, 2017
Low‐Dose Naloxone for Prophylaxis of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Barrons Robert W. , Woods Joseph Andrew
Published: March 2017

Study Objective

To determine whether postoperative administration of low‐dose intravenous naloxone decreases the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and its impact on postoperative opioid requirements and pain scores.

Design

Meta‐analysis of nine randomized controlled trials.

Patients

A total of 946 adult and pediatric patients who received low‐dose intravenous naloxone for 24 hours after various surgeries.

Measurements and Main Results

Systemic literature searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Evidence‐Based Medicine Reviews, PubMed, and OvidMEDLINEdatabases were conducted. Among the relevant studies, data extraction and bias assessment determined the trials for inclusion in this meta‐analysis. Nine randomized controlled trials met inclusion criteria. Naloxone demonstrated a reduced risk of postoperative nausea (risk ratio [RR] 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–0.95, p=0.01) in a pooled analysis of eight of the nine studies. However, naloxone did not decrease the risk of postoperative vomiting in a collective assessment of all nine trials (RR0.83, 95%CI0.63–1.09, p=0.18). Subgroup analysis of continuous‐infusion naloxone found further reductions in nausea and vomiting, but these findings were limited to 186 of the 946 patients. Three studies recorded antiemetic doses and found an overall dose reduction (RR0.64, 95%CI0.42–0.96, p=0.03). Compared with controls, naloxone prophylaxis ofPONVdid not significantly change cumulative postoperative opioid needs (mean difference 0.29 mg, 95%CI−3.55 to 4.13 mg, p=0.88) among five trials, nor visual analog scale pain scores (mean difference −0.11, 95%CI−0.26 to 0.05, p=0.18) in six studies.

Conclusion

This pooled analysis of data suggests that low‐dose naloxone plays no role in preventingPONV, while exhibiting no significant effects on postoperative opioid needs and pain scores. The reduction demonstrated in postoperative nausea did not translate into decreases in postoperative vomiting.
Developments in synthesis, characterization, and self‐assembly of polycarbodiimide systems
Authors: Mammoottil Nimmy R. , Reuther James F. , Siriwardane Dumindika A. , Kulikov Oleg V. , Novak Bruce M.
Published: March 2017

Described herein is a comprehensive survey on the most recent advancements in polycarbodiimide synthetic methodologies, structure determination, property design, and self‐assembly. In particular, the 15N‐isotopic enrichment of polycarbodiimides is detailed along with the use of 15N NMR to identify the regioregularity and mechanism of chiroptical switching in polycarbodiimides. Furthermore, the new Ni(II) mediated “living” polymerization is explained along with its utilization in the incorporation of polycarbodiimides into block copolymers, graft copolymers, and star polymers. Finally, we review the recent discoveries focusing on the highly tunable self‐assembly behaviors of polycarbodiimide homopolymers and copolymers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2915–2934
Design of direct band gap type I GeSn/Ge quantum dots for mid‐IR light emitters on Si substrate
Authors: Ilahi Bouraoui
Published: March 2017

This work reports on a theoretical study of the optimal size and composition of Ge1−xSnx quantum dots (QD) on buffered Ge on a Si substrate for direct band gap type I light emitters. The heavy holes and electron confined energy in Γ and L points are evaluated for strained ellipsoidal QD with different sizes and composition. An applicability criterion, involving carriers’ confinement, has been established for efficient use of this QD for light emitters. The lower dot size and composition limit is governed by the energy difference between the ground state electron in Γ and L points, and the upper limit by the energy spacing between the lowest confined energies at Γ‐point being higher than thermal energy at room temperature. It is found that GeSn QD is potentially interesting for light emitters on Si substrate, covering an emission wavelength range between 2.7 and 3.5 μm and opening new perspectives in CMOS compatible QD based mid‐IR optoelectronics.
Hydrogen Production on Ag‐Pd/TiO2 Bimetallic Catalysts: Is there a Combined Effect of Surface Plasmon Resonance with Schottky Mechanism on the Photo‐Catalytic Activity?
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad A. , Al‐Oufi Maher , Wahab Ahmed K. , Anjum Dalaver , Idriss Hicham
Published: March 2017

Despite many observations that plasmonics can enhance photocatalytic reactions, their relative role in the overall reaction rate is not thoroughly investigated. Here we report that silver nanoparticles contribution in the reaction rate by its plasmonic effect is negligible when compared to that of Pd (Schottky effect). To conduct the study a series of Ag−Pd/TiO2 catalysts have been prepared, characterized and tested for H2 production from water in the presence of an organic sacrificial agent. Pd was chosen as a standard high work function metal needed for the Schottky junction to pump away electrons from the conduction band of the semiconductor and Ag (whose work function is ca. 1 eV lower than that of Pd) for its high plasmonic resonance response at the edge of the bandgap of TiO2. While H2 production rates showed linear dependency on plasmonic response of Ag in the Pd−Ag series, the system performed less than that of pure Pd. In other words, the plasmonic contribution of Ag in the Ag−Pd/TiO2 catalyst for hydrogen production, while confirmed using different excitation energies, is small. Therefore, the “possible” synergistic effect of plasmonic (in the case of Ag) and Schottky‐mechanism (in the case of Pd) is minor when compared to that of Schottky‐effect alone.
On the wellposedness of the KdV/KdV2 equations and their frequency maps
Authors: Molnar Jan-Cornelius , Kappeler Thomas
Published: March 2017

In form of a case study for the KdV and the KdV2 equations, we present a novel approach of representing the frequencies of integrable PDEs which allows to extend them analytically to spaces of low regularity and to study their asymptotics. Applications include convexity properties of the Hamiltonians and wellposedness results in spaces of low regularity. In particular, it is proved that on

\mathcal{H}^{s}

the KdV2 equation is

C^{0}

-wellposed if

s⩾0

and illposed (in a strong sense) if

s < 0

.
Marriage by Capture in the Book of Judges
Authors: Southwood Katherine
Published: March 2017

In this book, Katherine E. Southwood offers a new approach to interpreting Judges 21. Breaking away from traditional interpretations of kingship, feminism, or comparisons with Greek or Roman mythology, she explores the concepts of marriage, ethnicity, rape, and power as means of ethnic preservation and exclusion. She also exposes the many reasons why marriage by capture occurred during the post-exilic period. Judges 21 served as a warning against compromise - submission to superficial unity between the Israelites and the Benjaminites. Any such unity would result in drastic changes in the character, culture, and values of the ethnic group 'Israel'. The chapter encouraged post-exilic audiences to socially construct those categorised as 'Benjaminites' as foreigners who do not belong within the group, thereby silencing doubts about the merits of unity.
Rhinoceros horns in trade on the Myanmar–China border
Authors: Shepherd Chris R. , Gray Thomas N.E. , Nijman Vincent
Published: March 2017

The illegal trade in rhinoceros horn, driven largely by the demand from East and South-east Asia, is a major impediment to the conservation of rhinoceroses globally. We surveyed the town of Mong La, in eastern Myanmar on the border with China, for the presence of rhinoceros horn. No rhinoceros horn was observed in 2006 or 2009, and other African wildlife was rare or absent. During visits in 2014 and 2015 we observed two horns, presumed to be of the white rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum, and one horn tip, small discs from the horn core, horn powder and horn bangles. Shops selling rhinoceros horn all specialized in high-end and high-value wildlife, mostly for decorative purposes, including whole elephant tusks, carved elephant ivory, carved hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius canines, and tiger Panthera tigris skins. Organized criminal syndicates are involved in the wildlife trade between Myanmar and Africa, possibly via China. Mong La's geographical position on the border with China, limited control by the central Myanmar Government, and the presence of the Chinese entertainment industry provide ideal conditions for a global wildlife trade hub catering for the Chinese market. Solutions require more intense collaboration between the Myanmar and Chinese authorities to curb the trade in African rhinoceros horn in this part of Asia.
Simply Generated Non-Crossing Partitions
Authors: KORTCHEMSKI IGOR , MARZOUK CYRIL
Published: March 2017

We introduce and study the model of simply generated non-crossing partitions, which are, roughly speaking, chosen at random according to a sequence of weights. This framework encompasses the particular case of uniform non-crossing partitions with constraints on their block sizes. Our main tool is a bijection between non-crossing partitions and plane trees, which maps such simply generated non-crossing partitions into simply generated trees so that blocks of sizekare in correspondence with vertices of out-degreek. This allows us to obtain limit theorems concerning the block structure of simply generated non-crossing partitions. We apply our results in free probability by giving a simple formula relating the maximum of the support of a compactly supported probability measure on the real line in terms of its free cumulants.
A Pilot Evaluation of a Strengths-Based CBT Intervention Module with College Students
Authors: Victor Philipp Pascal , Teismann Tobias , Willutzki Ulrike
Published: March 2017

Background: Interventions focusing on positive experiences have moderate effects on distress, protective factors and quality of life. Aims: To evaluate the ‘Personal Model of Resilience’ (PMR) intervention by Padesky and Mooney (2012) with a focus on resilience strategies the person already possesses. Method: In a pre–post design, intervention and control samples of college students (n = 53) are compared with regard to distress, protective factors and quality of life. Results: Compared with the control group, the PMR group shows significant improvements in distress, protective factors and quality of life with medium to large effect sizes. Conclusions: The PMR is a promising intervention module. It requires further evaluation in clinical contexts, with larger samples, and long-term follow-up assessments.
The plasticity of lexical selection mechanism in word production: ERP evidence from short-term language switching training in unbalanced Chinese–English bilinguals
Authors: KANG CHUNYAN , MA FENGYANG , GUO TAOMEI
Published: March 2017

The present study examined the plasticity of the lexical selection mechanism in bilingual word production by training a group of unbalanced Chinese–English bilinguals with a language switching task. The experimental group received an 8-day language switching training, while the control group received no training. Before and after training, the behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data of both groups in a cued picture naming task were collected. ERP results revealed a training effect such that after training, the N2 peak latency in cue-locked ERPs was shortened only in the experimental group. These results suggest that short-term language switching experience could improve the efficiency to establish the target language task schema, and that the language control mechanism of word production in unbalanced bilinguals could be modulated by language switching experience.
RACING THROUGH THE HALLS OF CONGRESS
Authors: Jones James R.
Published: March 2017

Although there is an impressive body of research on the U.S. Congress, there has been limited discussion about the central role race plays in the organization of this political institution. While some scholars have documented Congress’ racist past, less is known about the present significance of race in the federal legislature. Throughout the day, African Americans routinelynodto one another in the halls of the Capitol, and consider the Black nod as a common cultural gesture. However, data from over sixty in-depth interviews suggest there is an additional layer of meaning to the Black nod in Congress. From the microlevel encounters, I observed and examined, I interpret the nod as more than a gesture that occurs in a matter of seconds between colleagues or even among perfect strangers in the halls of Congress. The Black nod encompasses and is shaped by labor organized along racial lines, a history of racial subordination, and powerful perceptions of race in the post-Civil-Rights era on the meso-, and macrolevels. Using this interpretive foundation, this article will show how the nod is an adaptive strategy of Black staffers that renders them visible in an environment where they feel socially invisible. The nod becomes an external expression of their racialized professional identity. I argue that the congressional workplace is a raced political institution and that the microlevel encounters I observed delineate and reproduce its racial boundaries. This article represents perhaps the first sociological study of Congress and provides an unprecedented view into its inner workings and the social dimensions that organize workplace relationships.
Calculating Plasma Waves—With a Twist
Authors: Zastrow Mark
Published: March 2017

What happens when two plasmas with different temperatures overlap? The answer depends on a quantum effect that twists the waves as they ripple through the sea of electrons.
Fostering International Collaboration Amid Policy Challenges
Authors: Davidson Eric , Parr Lauren
Published: March 2017

The American Geophysical Union is taking multiple steps to ensure that the 2017 Fall Meeting brings together the global Earth and space science community while minimizing travel risks.
Vitamin D3 inhibits micro RNA-17-92 to promote specific immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Yu Zhi-Jian , Zeng Lu , Luo Xiang-Qian , Geng Xiao-Rui , Xu Rui , Chen Kun , Yang Gui , Luo Xi , Liu Zhi-Qiang , Liu Zhi-Gang , Liu Da-Bo , Yang Ping-Chang , Li Hua-Bin
Published: March 2017

It is recognized that T helper 2 (Th2) polarization plays a critical role in a large number of immune disorders. Yet, the remedies for reconciling the established Th2 polarization are still limited currently. Published data indicate that micro RNA-17-92 cluster is associated with the skewed immune response; 25 vitamin D3 (VD3) can regulate multiple bioactivities in the body. This study tests a hypothesis that VD3 facilitates the effect of specific immunotherapy (SIT) on Th2 response. We observed that treatment with either SIT or VD3 alleviated AR symptoms as well as reduced serum levels of specific IgE and T helper (Th) 2 cytokines, suppressed miR-19a (one of the members of the miR-17-92 cluster) and increased IL-10 in peripheral B cells, which was further improved in those AR patients treated with both SIT and VD3. The expression of miR-19a and IL-10 was significantly negatively correlated with each other in peripheral B cells of AR patients. Metabolites of VD3 formed a complex with retinoid acid receptor to repress the expression of miR-19a in B cells. We conclude that administration with VD3 promotes the effect of SIT on suppression of AR via repressing the expression of miR-19a in peripheral B cells.
Prognostic and Predictive Effects of Positive Lymph Node Number or Ratio in NSCLC
Authors: Ding Nan , Pang ZhaoFei , Zhang Xiangwei , Huang Cuicui , Yang Yufan , Liu Qi , Du Jiajun
Published: March 2017

In the eighth TNM staging system proposal for NSCLC recently, classification of N stage is based on anatomical position of positive lymph nodes. We aimed to expand the sample volume to identify the value of positive lymph node number or ratio in prognosis and predictive effect for postoperative radiation. Clinicopathological characters of 109026 NSCLC patients were collected from the SEER Database. Kaplan-Meier curves and cox regression methods were used for survival analysis. Compared with positive lymph node number equal to 0, 1–3 and >3 groups were independent prognostic factors (1–3: HR 2.856, p < 0.001; >3: HR 3.358, p < 0.001), so as the 0–50% and >50% positive lymph node ratio groups (0–50%: HR 2.124, p < 0.001; >50%: HR 3.358, p < 0.001). And in the groups of N2&positive lymph node number ≥4 and N2&positive lymph node ratio >50%, postoperative radiation related to positive prognosis of NSCLC patients. In conclusion, positive lymph node number or ratio was associated with survival as an independent indicator in NSCLC. They also had predictive effects for postoperative radiation, while N nodal stage not.
Cadmium exposure and its association with serum uric acid and hyperuricemia
Authors: Sun Honglin , Wang Ningjian , Chen Chi , Nie Xiaomin , Han Bing , Li Qin , Zhu Chunfang , Chen Yi , Xia Fangzhen , Chen Yingchao , Zhai Hualing , Jiang Boren , Hu Bin , Lu Yingli
Published: March 2017

Few studies have investigated the association between serum uric acid (UA) and cadmium exposure. Our previous study revealed a significantly higher blood cadmium (CdB) level in the Chinese population compared to populations in other countries. To determine whether CdB in Chinese adults is associated with serum UA and hyperuricemia, 2996 participants from the cross-sectional SPECT-China study were recruited. CdB was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum UA concentration ≥416.4 μmol/L for men and ≥356.9 μmol/L for women. Regression analyses were used to analyze the association of CdB with serum UA and hyperuricemia. We found that the median CdB level was higher in men with hyperuricemia (2.40 μg/L) than in men without hyperuricemia (1.98 μg/L, P < 0.05). A positive relationship between serum UA and CdB was found in Chinese men after adjusting for the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), current smoking status, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and body mass index and in participants with eGFR > 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Further, the odds ratio of hyperuricemia increased with increasing CdB quartiles (P for trend < 0.05) in men. In conclusion, CdB was positively related to the serum UA level and to hyperuricemia in Chinese men but not in Chinese women.
sTRAIL-iRGD is a promising therapeutic agent for gastric cancer treatment
Authors: Huang Ying , Li Xihan , Sha Huizi , Zhang Lianru , Bian Xinyu , Han Xiao , Liu Baorui
Published: March 2017

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively kills tumor cells and augments chemotherapeutics in vivo. Here, we developed sTRAIL-iRGD, a recombinant protein consisting of sTRAIL fused to CRGDKGPDC, a C-terminal end binding peptide with an integrin-binding arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (iRGD) motif. CRGDKGPDC is a tumor-homing peptide with high penetration into tumor tissue and cells. We found that sTRAIL-iRGD internalized into cultured gastric cancer tumor cells and localized to both the tumor mass in vivo and three-dimensional multicellular spheroids in vitro. sTRAIL-iRGD had an antitumor effect in tumor cell lines, multicellular spheroids and nude mice with tumors. Repeated treatment with sTRAIL-iRGD reduced tumor growth and volume in vivo. Mice treated with sTRAIL-iRGD and paclitaxel (PTX) in combination showed no sign of sTRAIL-iRGD-related liver toxicity. Our data suggest that sTRAIL-iRGD is a promising anti-gastric cancer agent with high selectivity and limited systemic toxicity.
The signs of Antarctic ozone hole recovery
Authors: Kuttippurath Jayanarayanan , Nair Prijitha J.
Published: March 2017

Absorption of solar radiation by stratospheric ozone affects atmospheric dynamics and chemistry, and sustains life on Earth by preventing harmful radiation from reaching the surface. Significant ozone losses due to increases in the abundances of ozone depleting substances (ODSs) were first observed in Antarctica in the 1980s. Losses deepened in following years but became nearly flat by around 2000, reflecting changes in global ODS emissions. Here we show robust evidence that Antarctic ozone has started to recover in both spring and summer, with a recovery signal identified in springtime ozone profile and total column measurements at 99% confidence for the first time. Continuing recovery is expected to impact the future climate of that region. Our results demonstrate that the Montreal Protocol has indeed begun to save the Antarctic ozone layer.
Phytic acid as alternative setting retarder enhanced biological performance of dicalcium phosphate cement in vitro
Authors: Meininger Susanne , Blum Carina , Schamel Martha , Barralet Jake E. , Ignatius Anita , Gbureck Uwe
Published: March 2017

Dicalcium phosphate cement preparation requires the addition of setting retarders to meet clinical requirements regarding handling time and processability. Previous studies have focused on the influence of different setting modifiers on material properties such as mechanical performance or injectability, while ignoring their influence on biological cement properties as they are used in low concentrations in the cement pastes and the occurrence of most compounds in human tissues. Here, analyses of both material and biological behavior were carried out on samples with common setting retardants (citric acid, sodium pyrophosphate, sulfuric acid) and novel (phytic acid). Cytocompatibility was evaluated by in vitro tests with osteoblastic (hFOB 1.19) and osteoclastic (RAW 264.7) cells. We found cytocompatibility was better for sodium pyrophosphate and phytic acid with a three-fold cell metabolic activity by WST-1 test, whereas samples set with citric acid showed reduced cell number as well as cell activity. The compressive strength (CS) of cements formed with phytic acid (CS = 13 MPa) were nearly equal to those formed with citric acid (CS = 15 MPa) and approximately threefold higher than for other setting retardants. Due to a proven cytocompatibility and high mechanical strength, phytic acid seems to be a candidate replacement setting retardant for dicalcium phosphate cements.
Amine-Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient SO2 Capture with High Reversibility
Authors: Lee Gang-Young , Lee Joohyeon , Vo Huyen Thanh , Kim Sangwon , Lee Hyunjoo , Park Taiho
Published: March 2017

Removing sulfur dioxide (SO2) from exhaust flue gases of fossil fuel power plants is an important issue given the toxicity of SO2 and subsequent environmental problems. To address this issue, we successfully developed a new series of imide-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) that have high mesoporosity with large surface areas to support gas flowing through channels; furthermore, we incorporated 4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]aniline (DMMA) as the modulator to the imide-linked COF. We observed that the functionalized COFs serving as SO2 adsorbents exhibit outstanding molar SO2 sorption capacity, i.e., PI-COF-m10 record 6.30 mmol SO2 g−1 (40 wt%). To our knowledge, it is firstly reported COF as SO2 sorbent to date. We also observed that the adsorbed SO2 is completely desorbed in a short time period with remarkable reversibility. These results suggest that channel-wall functional engineering could be a facile and powerful strategy for developing mesoporous COFs for high-performance reproducible gas storage and separation.
Demographic associations for autoantibodies in disease-free individuals of a European population
Authors: Haller-Kikkatalo Kadri , Alnek Kristi , Metspalu Andres , Mihailov Evelin , Metsküla Kaja , Kisand Kalle , Pisarev Heti , Salumets Andres , Uibo Raivo
Published: March 2017

The presence of autoantibodies usually precedes autoimmune disease, but is sometimes considered an incidental finding with no clinical relevance. The prevalence of immune-mediated diseases was studied in a group of individuals from the Estonian Genome Project (n = 51,862), and 6 clinically significant autoantibodies were detected in a subgroup of 994 (auto)immune-mediated disease-free individuals. The overall prevalence of individuals with immune-mediated diseases in the primary cohort was 30.1%. Similarly, 23.6% of the participants in the disease-free subgroup were seropositive for at least one autoantibody. Several phenotypic parameters were associated with autoantibodies. The results suggest that (i) immune-mediated diseases are diagnosed in nearly one-third of a random European population, (ii) 6 common autoantibodies are detectable in almost one-third of individuals without diagnosed autoimmune diseases, (iii) tissue non-specific autoantibodies, especially at high levels, may reflect preclinical disease in symptom-free individuals, and (iv) the incidental positivity of anti-TPO in men with positive familial anamnesis of maternal autoimmune disease deserves further medical attention. These results encourage physicians to evaluate autoantibodies in addition to treating a variety of patient health complaints to detect autoimmune-mediated disease early.
Antiproliferative effects of ruthenium-based nucleolipidic nanoaggregates in human models of breast cancer in vitro: insights into their mode of action
Authors: Irace Carlo , Misso Gabriella , Capuozzo Antonella , Piccolo Marialuisa , Riccardi Claudia , Luchini Alessandra , Caraglia Michele , Paduano Luigi , Montesarchio Daniela , Santamaria Rita
Published: March 2017

Looking for new metal-based anticancer treatments, in recent years many ruthenium complexes have been proposed as effective and safe potential drugs. In this context we have recently developed a novel approach for the in vivo delivery of Ru(III) complexes, preparing stable ruthenium-based nucleolipidic nanoaggregates endowed with significant antiproliferative activity. Herein we describe the cellular response to our ruthenium-containing formulations in selected models of human breast cancer. By in vitro bioscreens in the context of preclinical studies, we have focused on their ability to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation by the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, possibly via mitochondrial perturbations involving Bcl-2 family members and predisposing to programmed cell death. In addition, the most efficient ruthenium-containing cationic nanoaggregates we have hitherto developed are able to elicit both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis, as well as autophagy. To limit chemoresistance and counteract uncontrolled proliferation, multiple cell death pathways activation by metal-based chemotherapeutics is a challenging, yet very promising strategy for targeted therapy development in aggressive cancer diseases, such as triple-negative breast cancer with limited treatment options. These outcomes provide valuable, original knowledge on ruthenium-based candidate drugs and new insights for future optimized cancer treatment protocols.
TTF-1- and/or CD56-positive Circulating Tumor Cells in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
Authors: Messaritakis Ippokratis , Stoltidis Dimitris , Kotsakis Athanasios , Dermitzaki Eleftheria-Kleio , Koinis Fillipos , Lagoudaki Eleni , Koutsopoulos Anastasios , Politaki Eleni , Apostolaki Stella , Souglakos John , Georgoulias Vassilis
Published: March 2017

The aim of the study was to evaluate the phenotypic CTCs heterogeneity (TTF-1+ and/or CD56+) in SCLC patients and correlate it with the CellSearch. Peripheral blood was obtained from 108 consecutive patients. CTCs were detected by CellSearch and double-immunofluorescence using anti-CD45, anti-TTF-1 and anti-CD56 antibodies. Before chemotherapy TTF-1+/CD45−, CD56+/CD45− and TTF-1+/CD56+ CTCs were detected in 66(61.1%), 55(50.9%) and 46(42.6%) patients, respectively; 60.2% of patients were CellSearch+. Among the 22 patients with 0 CTCs/7.5 ml on CellSearch, TTF-1+/CD45−, CD56+/CD45− and TTF-1+/CD56+ CTCs were detected in 8(36.4%), 6(27.3) and 6(27.3%) patients, respectively; no CK+/EpCAM+ or TTF1+/EpCAM+ CTCs were detected in these patients. One-chemotherapy cycle decreased both the number of positive patients (p < 0.001) and their CTC number (p < 0.001), irrespectively of their phenotype and the detection method. The incidence and number of the different CTC subpopulations on PD, was significantly increased at their baseline levels. Multivariate analysis revealed that the increased number of CTCs at baseline and on PD were significantly associated with decreased PFS (p = 0.048) and OS (p = 0.041), respectively. There is an important CTC heterogeneity in such patients according to the expression of TTF-1 and CD56 which could detect EpCAM− CTC subpopulations and, thus, undetectable by CellSearch. These CTC subpopulations are dynamically correlated with treatment efficacy and disease-progression.
Laser beam melting 3D printing of Ti6Al4V based porous structured dental implants: fabrication, biocompatibility analysis and photoelastic study
Authors: Yang Fei , Chen Chen , Zhou QianRong , Gong YiMing , Li RuiXue , Li ChiChi , Klämpfl Florian , Freund Sebastian , Wu XingWen , Sun Yang , Li Xiang , Schmidt Michael , Ma Duan , Yu YouCheng
Published: March 2017

Fabricating Ti alloy based dental implants with defined porous scaffold structure is a promising strategy for improving the osteoinduction of implants. In this study, we use Laser Beam Melting (LBM) 3D printing technique to fabricate porous Ti6Al4V dental implant prototypes with three controlled pore sizes (200, 350 and 500 μm). The mechanical stress distribution in the surrounding bone tissue is characterized by photoelastography and associated finite element simulation. Forin-vitrostudies, experiments on implants’ biocompatibility and osteogenic capability are conducted to evaluate the cellular response correlated to the porous structure. As the preliminary results, porous structured implants show a lower stress-shielding to the surrounding bone at the implant neck and a more densed distribution at the bottom site compared to the reference implant. From the cell proliferation tests and the immunofluorescence images, 350 and 500 μm pore sized implants demonstrate a better biocompatibility in terms of cell growth, migration and adhesion. Osteogenic genes expression of the 350 μm group is significantly increased alone with the ALP activity test. All these suggest that a pore size of 350 μm provides an optimal provides an optimal potential for improving the mechanical shielding to the surrounding bones and osteoinduction of the implant itself.
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Nedd4 Promotes Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replication by Suppressing Autophagy in Human Neuroblastoma Cells
Authors: Xu Qingqiang , Zhu Naiwei , Chen Shenglin , Zhao Ping , Ren Hao , Zhu Shiying , Tang Hailin , Zhu Yongzhe , Qi Zhongtian
Published: March 2017

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes the most prevalent viral encephalitis in Asia. Since JEV is a neurotropic virus, it is important to identify key molecules that mediate JEV infection in neuronal cells and to investigate their underlying mechanisms. In this study, the critical role of Nedd4, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is highly expressed in the central nervous system, was examined in JEV propagation. In SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells, Nedd4 was up-regulated in response to JEV infection. Moreover, down-regulation of Nedd4 resulted in a significant decrease in JEV replication without alterations in virus attachment and internalization or in JEV pseudotyped virus infection, suggesting that Nedd4 participates in the replication but not in the entry stage of JEV infection. Further functional analysis showed that Nedd4 attenuated JEV-induced autophagy, which negatively regulates virus replication during infection. These results suggest that Nedd4 facilitates the replication of JEV by suppressing virus-induced autophagy. Taken together, our results indicate that Nedd4 plays a crucial role in JEV infection of neuronal cells, which provides a potential target for the development of novel treatment to combat JEV infection.
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit is an essential negative regulator of bone mass
Authors: Mito Kazuaki , Sato Yuiko , Kobayashi Tami , Miyamoto Kana , Nitta Eriko , Iwama Atsushi , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Sato Kazuki , Miyamoto Takeshi
Published: March 2017

The nicotinic receptor α7nAchR reportedly regulates vagal nerve targets in brain and cardiac tissue. Here we show thatnAchR7−/−mice exhibit increased bone mass due to decreased osteoclast formation, accompanied by elevated osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratios in serum. Vagotomy in wild-type mice also significantly increased the serum osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio, and elevated bone mass seen innAchR7−/−mice was reversed in α7nAchR/osteoprotegerin-doubly-deficient mice. α7nAchR loss significantly increased TNFα expression in Mac1-positive macrophages, and TNFα increased the osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio in osteoblasts. Targeting TNFα innAchR7−/−mice normalized both serum osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratios and bone mass. Administration of nicotine, an α7nAchR ligand, to wild-type mice increased serum RANKL levels. Thus, vagal nerve stimulation of macrophages via α7nAchR regulates bone mass by modulating osteoclast formation.
Observation of low-loss broadband supermode propagation in coupled acoustic waveguide complex
Authors: Shen Ya-Xi , Peng Yu-Gui , Chen Xin-Cheng , Zhao De-Gang , Zhu Xue-Feng
Published: March 2017

We investigate analytically, numerically, and experimentally the low-loss supermode propagation in a coupled acoustic waveguide complex within a broadband. The waveguide complex is implemented with air channels coupled via an ultrathin metafluid layer. We analytically derive the field distribution of incident sound needed for producing acoustic supermodes, and verify the periodically revival propagation in coupled waveguide systems numerically and experimentally. We find out that the supermode wavelength becomes longer for higher mode order or lower frequency. We have also demonstrated the robust propagation of supermodes in broadband. Our scheme can in principle be extended to three dimensions and the ultrasound regime with simplicity and may promote applications of high-fidelity signal transfer in complicated acoustic networks.
Assessing the Amount of Spontaneous Real-World Spoken Language in Aphasia: Validation of Two Methods
Authors: Haddad Michelle M. , Taub Edward , Uswatte Gitendra , Johnson Margaret L. , Mark Victor W. , Barghi Ameen , Byrom Ezekiel , Zhou Xiaohua , Rodriguez Christina M.
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to present the results of a study evaluating the psychometric properties of 2 new measures that exclusively assess the amount of real-world spoken language in patients with aphasia.

Method

Forty individuals with aphasia were evaluated on several measures of spoken language in real-world settings. The Verbal Activity Log (VAL; Johnson et al., 2014) has participants, aided by caregivers, indicate current amount and quality of real-world spoken language compared with before stroke. In addition, digital voice recorders objectively measured the amount of real-world spoken language. The Communicative Effectiveness Index (Lomas et al., 1989), a previously validated measure of functional communication, was used as a comparison measure. Nineteen participants received follow-up assessment ≥ 3 weeks later.

Results

Validity was supported by Pearson correlations between spoken language recordings and the VAL,
r
(38) = .70,
p <
.001. Likewise, correlation with the Communicative Effectiveness Index was strong,
r
(38) = .73,
p <
.001. Test–retest reliability for both VAL and audio recording was high, with intraclass correlations ≥ .96 and .90, respectively.

Conclusions

These results present preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the VAL and spoken language recording for assessment of the amount of real-world spoken language in aphasia. As a simple patient-reported outcome, the VAL may assist diverse therapies for aphasia.
Development of a hybrid simulator by interfacing dynamic phasors with electromagnetic transient simulation
Authors: Mudunkotuwa Kumara , Filizadeh Shaahin , Annakkage Udaya
Published: March 2017

This study presents a method to interface an electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulator with a dynamic phasor (DP) simulation program. The hybrid DP–EMT simulator offers flexibility in deciding the harmonic contents to be preserved in the DP domain; additionally, it offers significant reduction in computing time of large networks compared with EMT simulation. The proposed interfacing method is based on a generic transmission line, which uses specialised numerical techniques to transfer discretised waveform samples between the two simulators. These numerical methods produce the required mapping between EMT simulation samples and their counterpart DPs. This study describes the mathematical foundations of the DP–EMT interface and demonstrates them using an illustrative example. Several large networks are then studied to assess the interface's accuracy and performance in reducing computing time.
The carnival is not over
Authors: Capstick Andrea , Chatwin John
Published: March 2017

Within the still-dominant medical discourse on dementia, disorders of language feature prominently among diagnostic criteria. In this view, changes in ability to produce or understand coherent speech are considered to be an inevitable result of neuropathology. Alternative psychosocial accounts of communicative challenges in dementia exists, but to date, little emphasis has been placed on people with dementia as social actors who create meaning and context from their social interactions. In this article we draw on Bakhtin’s concepts of the carnivalesque, heteroglossia, polyphony and dialogism to analyse a series of interactions involving people with dementia in day and residential care environments. We argue that many of the communicative challenges faced by people with dementia arise from the social environments in which they find themselves, and that the utterances of people with dementia in the face of these social challenges show many of the hallmarks of cultural resistance identified by Bakhtin.
CD-tagging-MS2: detecting allelic expression of endogenous mRNAs and their protein products in single cells
Authors: Sheinberger Jonathan , Hochberg Hodaya , Lavi Erez , Kanter Itamar , Avivi Shira , Reinitz Gita , Schwed Avital , Aizler Yuval , Varon Eli , Kinor Noa , Shav-Tal Yaron
Published: March 2017

Discriminating between the mRNA and protein outputs of each of the alleles of an endogenous gene in intact cells, is a difficult task. To examine endogenous transcripts originating from a specific allele, we applied Central Dogma tagging (CD-tagging), which is based on a tag insertion into an endogenous gene by creation of a new exon. Previously, CD-tagging was used to tag endogenous proteins. Here we developed a CD-tagging-MS2 approach in which two tags were inserted in tandem; a fluorescent protein tag in conjunction with the mRNA MS2 tag used for tagging mRNAs in cells. A cell clone library of CD-tagged-MS2 genes was generated, and protein and mRNA distributions were examined and characterized in single cells. Taking advantage of having one allele tagged, we demonstrate how the transcriptional activity of all alleles, tagged and untagged, can be identified using single molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH). Allele-specific mRNA expression and localization were quantified under normal and stress conditions. The latter generate cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) that can store mRNAs, and the distribution of the mRNAs within and outside of the SGs was measured. Altogether, CD-tagging-MS2 is a robust and inexpensive approach for direct simultaneous detection of an endogenous mRNA and its translated protein product in the same cell.
Testing the Einstein's equivalence principle with polarized gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Yang Chao , Zou Yuan-Chuan , Zhang Yue-Yang , Liao Bin , Lei Wei-Hua
Published: March 2017

The Einstein's equivalence principle can be tested by using parametrized post-Newtonian parameters, of which the parameter γ has been constrained by comparing the arrival times of photons with different energies. It has been constrained by a variety of astronomical transient events, such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), fast radio bursts as well as pulses of pulsars, with the most stringent constraint of Δγ ≲ 10−15. In this Letter, we consider the arrival times of lights with different circular polarization. For a linearly polarized light, it is the combination of two circularly polarized lights. If the arrival time difference between the two circularly polarized lights is too large, their combination may lose the linear polarization. We constrain the value of Δγp < 1.6 × 10−27 by the measurement of the polarization of GRB 110721A, which is the most stringent constraint ever achieved.
Early Hearing Detection and Intervention-Pediatric Audiology Links to Services EHDI-PALS: Building a National Facility Database
Authors: Chung Winnie , Beauchaine Kathryn L. , Hoffman Jeff , Coverstone Kirsten R. , Oyler Anne , Mason Craig
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

To create a searchable web-based national audiology facility directory using a standardized survey, so parents and providers could identify which facilities had capacity to provide appropriate services based on child’s age.

Design:

An Early Hearing Detection and Intervention-Pediatric Audiology Links to Services expert panel was convened to create a survey to collect audiology facility information. Professional practice documents were reviewed, a survey was designed to collect pertinent test protocols of each audiology facility, and a standard of care template was created to cross-check survey answers. Audiology facility information across the United States was collected and compiled into a directory structured and displayed in an interactive website, ehdipals.org.

Results:

Since November 7, 2012, to May 21, 2016, over 1000 facilities have completed the survey and become listed in the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention-Pediatric Audiology Links to Services directory. The site has registered 10,759 unique visitors, 151,981 page views, and 9134 unique searches from consumers. User feedback has been positive overall.

Conclusion:

A searchable, web-based facility directory has proven useful to consumers as a tool to help them differentiate whether a facility was set up to test newborns versus young children. Use of a preprogrammed standard of practice template to cross-check survey answers was also shown to be a practical aid.
The Use of Bowel Protocols in Critically Ill Adult Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Oczkowski Simon J. W. , Duan Erick H. , Groen Amy , Warren Dawn , Cook Deborah J.
Published: March 2017

Objective:

Constipation is common among critically ill patients and has been associated with adverse patient outcomes. Many ICUs have developed bowel protocols to treat constipation; however, their effect on clinical outcomes remains uncertain. We conducted a systematic review to determine the impact of bowel protocols in critically ill adults.

Data Sources:

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, ISRCTN, ClinicalTrials.gov, and conference abstracts until January 2016.

Study Selection:

Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts for randomized controlled trials comparing bowel protocols to control (placebo, no protocol, or usual care) in critically ill adults.

Data Extraction:

Two authors independently, and in duplicate, extracted study characteristics, outcomes, assessed risk of bias, and appraised the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.

Data Synthesis:

We retrieved 4,520 individual articles, and excluded 4,332 articles during title and abstract screening and 181 articles during full-text screening. Four trials, including 534 patients, were eligible for analysis. The use of a bowel protocol was associated with a trend toward a reduction in constipation (risk ratio, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.25–1.01]; p = 0.05; low-quality evidence); no reduction in tolerance of enteral feeds (risk ratio, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.62–1.42]; p = 0.77; low-quality evidence), and no change in the duration of mechanical ventilation (mean difference, 0.01 d [95% CI, –2.67 to 2.69 d]; low-quality evidence).

Conclusions:

Large, rigorous, randomized control trials are needed to determine whether bowel protocols impact patient-important outcomes in critically ill adults.
In-class Active Video Game Supplementation and Adherence to Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Ruivo Jorge Manuel Arsénio dos Santos , Karim Kay , O'Shea Roisin , Oliveira Rosa Celeste Santos , Keary Louis , O'Brien Claire , Gormley John Patrick
Published: March 2017

Purpose:

The application of active video games (AVGs) during cardiac rehabilitation (CR) sessions could potentially facilitate patient adherence. The feasibility, safety, and efficacy of in-class AVG supplementation as an alternative to conventional phase 2 programs were investigated.

Methods:

A pilot, evaluator-blinded, intention-to-treat, randomized controlled trial recruited 32 low-moderate risk CR participants and allocated them to conventional or AVG-supplemented exercise. Both groups experienced equal exercise loads for 6 weeks. Patients were assessed at baseline, end of the program, and after an 8-week followup. Adherence and safety-related outcomes were the primary endpoints. Secondary outcomes included change in exercise capacity, daily physical activity (PA), energy expenditure (EE), and psychometric profiling.

Results:

Patients (males 81%; 60 ± 10 years) presented with typical cardiovascular risk factors and similar baseline characteristics. Participants did not perceive an increased risk of injury and were more interactive. At the end of the program, there was a lower tendency for dropping out (6% vs 19%, P > .05), a significant improvement in PA (322 vs 247 arbitrary acceleration units/min, P = .047) and related EE per body weight (13 vs 11 kcal/kg/d, P = .04) among AVG participants compared with controls. No significant differences between groups for adverse medical events, exercise capacity, affect toward exercise, anxiety, depression, or quality-of-life changes were reported.

Conclusions:

The additional use of AVGs during CR sessions is feasible, safe, and significantly improved daily PA and EE. A dropout reduction trend among its users, which needs to be confirmed in a larger trial, raises awareness to AVG supplementation as a promising strategy to increase CR adherence.