bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Listeria monocytogenes isolated from raw milk: phenotypic and molecularcharacterization, pathogenicity testing, and multidrug resistance profiling
Authors: Suryawanshi Rahul , Patil Madhav , Shinde Onkar , Jogdand Aishwarya , Bhosale Pradip , Deshmukh Onkar , Babar Ajay
Published: January 2024

Foodborne infections are a worldwide public health emergency that actually impact a variety of disorders. In the current research, a total of 300 samples comprising raw milk (100),milk products (100), and chicken (100) were screened for detection of pathogenic Listeria species by using the USDA method. On conventional biochemical characterization, three isolates were identified as Listeria monocytogenes (from raw milk samples)indicating an overall prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes to the tune of 1%. All other samples comprising milk products and chicken samples (100) showed negativity for the presence of any of the Listeria species. Further, all three isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting genus-specific (prsA and iap) and species-specific gene (isp) in which all three were turn out positive for both the genes, endorsing their identification as Listeria monocytogenes. All three confirmed Listeria monocytogenes isolates were phenotypically assessed for in-vitro pathogenicity tests like hemolysis on 7% sheep blood agar, CAMP test, and PI-PLC assay. The results revealed their highly pathogenic nature. Subsequently, all these isolates were also assessed for their virulent nature by PCR, targeting the array ofmarkers including virulence-associated genes viz. hlyA, actA, plcA. The results endorsed pathogenic nature of all isolates showing amplification of all targeted virulence genes. The antibiotic resistance profiling revealed occurrence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic L. monocytogenes in foods of animal origin with maximum multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.6and a minimum MAR index of 0.48 in MDR, which is a matter of concern from public health point of view.
Effect of dietary supplementation of Shatavari on productive performance andfertility of crossbred cows
Authors: Muwal Hitesh , Rai Dinesh Chandra , Bhateshwar Vinod , . Arvind , Duary Raj Kumar , Lal Dwarki
Published: January 2024

The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the effect of dietary supplementation of Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) on milk yield, raw milk constituent indices and fertility of crossbred cows. Twenty healthy lactating crossbred cows with a close date of calving were randomly divided into two equal groups for control group (CG; n = 10) and supplemented group: Shatavari root powder 50 gm/cow/d (SG; n = 12) from 7days post partum (dpp) until 90 dpp. Statistically analyzed data revealed that significantly (P<0.005) higher fortnightly milk yieldfrom 45 to 90 dpp was found in the SG (10.735 to 12.396 kg/day)compared to the CG (9.802 to 10.541 kg/day). Differences in the fortnightly raw milk composition related to percent of milk fat, milk protein and milk lactose of both CG and SG cows were non-significant (P>0.005), but only fortnightly percent of milk solid not-fat from 45 to 90 dpp in SG cows (9.254 to 9.446%) than over to CG cows (8.877 to 8.999%) and percent of milk total solids from60 to 90 dpp cows in SG (13.078 to 13.727%) than that cows in CG(12.617 to 12.648%) were significantly (P<0.005) higher. Occurrence of first post partum estrus interval was reduced significantly (P<0.005) in supplemented Shatavari group (SG: 52dpp) compared to control group (CG: 77 dpp) cows. In this study, it was observed that the overall conception rate was higher(P<0.005) in SG: 60% (cows pregnant: 6/10) than CONT-group:20% (cows pregnant: 2/10). The results of this study indicated that dietary supplementation of Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus)increased the milk yield, raw milk solid not-fat, milk total solids and improved fertility of crossbred cows.
Effect of cover crops mixtures on weed suppression capacity in a dry sub-humid environment of Argentina
Authors: Malaspina Micaela , Chantre Guillermo Rubén , Yanniccari Marcos
Published: January 2024

Cover crops (CC) are increasingly used worldwide within integrated weed management scenarios. They are usually established between two commercial crops and are not harvested, grazed, or incorporated into the soil, but remain on the surface during their growth cycle. The aim of this work was to determine the performance of different CC mixtures and their effects on weed suppression in the south-central region of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Field experiments were carried out in 2019 and 2020 at the CEI Barrow (MDA-INTA, Tres Arroyos), where both binary and ternary CC mixtures were evaluated. Binary mixtures consisted of winter cereals (Avena sativa, Secale cereale) and legumes (Vicia villosa, Vicia sativa) while ternary mixtures were obtained by combining binary mixtures with canola (Brassica napus). Weed emergence counting was performed on a 14- day basis to determine weed total density. Vegetation cover of the CC mixtures as well as biomass production from crops and weeds were estimated. The specific composition of the mixtures showed a greater influence on vegetation cover than on biomass production, which would depend mainly on the prevailing environmental conditions. The type of vetch used, the addition of canola, as well as, the proportion of cereals in the mixture determined the CC effect on weeds. CC were consistently more effective in suppressing weed biomass than seedling emergence density. However, weed seedling suppression by CC was similar to or even greater than the chemical-based control (p<0.0001). The average biomass of weeds in all CC (pooled data) was highly reduced when compared to the weedy control (12 vs 259 g m-2, p<0.001), and similar responses were obtained when compared to the chemical fallow (8 g m-2). The mixture S. cereal+ V. villosa+ canola stood out for presenting the highest values of productivity and vegetation cover and high weed suppression. These results provide support for the choice of CC mixtures in a dry sub-humid area of Argentina, aimed at maximizing interference with weeds and also to demonstrate their benefits in short- and long-term management. Therefore, CC implementation within crop sequences should be considered as a complementary tool contributing to the development of more sustainable management strategies.
Cytokine and microbiota profiles in obesity-related hypertension patients
Authors: Aguirre-García María Magdalena , Amedei Amedeo , Hernández-Ruiz Paulina , Gómez-García Ana Pamela , Niccolai Elena , Moreno-Rodríguez Aura M. , Pinto-Cardoso Sandra , Alviter-Plata Adriana , Escalona-Montaño Alma R. , Ordaz-Robles Erick R. , González-Salazar María del C. , Springall Del Villar Rashidi , Berrios-Bárcenas Enrique A. , Ávila-Vanzzini Nydia
Published: January 2024

Background

Systemic arterial hypertension is linked to a heightened risk of cardiovascular diseases on a global scale. In Mexico, nearly half of adults in vulnerable conditions experience hypertension. Imbalance in the oral and intestinal microbiota composition has been observed in patients with hypertension, documented by a decrease of bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids, which play a critical role in blood pressure regulation.

Aim

To examine the cytokines’ profile and assess the characteristics of oral and gut microbiota in obesity-related hypertension in Mexican patients.

Methods

A cross-sectional, observational, and analytical study was carried out. Twenty-two patients were categorized by their body mass index (BMI) as overweight and obese, and the diagnosis of primary hypertension. DNA from supragingival dental plaque and feces samples was used to carry out 16S rRNA sequencing. Additionally, 13 cytokines were quantified.

Results

In the oral microbiota, Kluyvera was found to be significantly enriched in obese compared to overweight patients. Instead, the gut microbiota was dominated by Firmicutes. However, the correlation between certain genera and proinflammatory cytokines was noted.

Conclusion

This exploratory study provides insights into the complex relationship between the oral and gut microbiota and their association with systemic inflammation in obesity-related hypertension.
Research on porosity characterization methods of shale oil reservoirs in Lianggaoshan Formation, Sichuan Basin
Authors: Su Shute , Wang Liang , Li Jun , Lu Jing , Luo Yang , Jia Jun
Published: January 2024

Shale oil, an important component of unconventional oil and gas resources, mainly exists in the storage spaces such as shale pores, microfractures, etc. Porosity is commonly used to quantitatively describe the storage space of shale oil and is a key parameter in reservoir evaluation. However, there are significant differences in the results by existing experimental methods for porosity measurement, and moreover, it is difficult to compare the porosity obtained by the experimental measurement method with the logging calculation method. It is urgent to explore reasons for the differences in porosity measurement between various porosity experiments and logging calculations of the shale oil reservoir, and propose an effective method for shale oil reservoir to characterize porosity. In this research, core samples of shale oil reservoirs from the Lianggaoshan Formation of the Sichuan Basin were selected to measure the porosity by means of experimental methods including helium gas charging, saturation liquid method, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), etc. Meanwhile, porosity was calculated using the combination method of lithology scanning (LS) logging and conventional logging as well as the NMR logging method. Subsequently, porosity experimental results and logging calculation results were compared to clarify the applicability of various porosity characterization methods. The research results indicate that: 1) The porosity measurement results by the saturation liquid method and the NMR experimental method are close, both greater than that using the helium gas charging method; 2) The hydrogen signal of the dry-state sample is significant in the NMR experiment, mainly originating from organic matter and clay minerals; 3) The NMR short relaxation component in the water-saturated state primarily reflects the signal of organic matter and clay mineral matrix, while the long relaxation component reflects the pore fluid component; 4) After deducting the NMR signal of the dry-state core, the core NMR porosity measurement results under the water-saturated state agree well with that using the saturation liquid method, which is an indicative of effective reservoir porosity; 5) The NMR logging is limited by its echo spacing and cannot reflect the signal from organic matter and the crystal water in clay minerals at T2 < 0.3 ms. Taken together, the porosity measurement method of subtracting the dry-state NMR signal from the water-saturated state NMR signal is considered effective and can be used to reflect the porosity of shale oil reservoirs in the Lianggaoshan Formation of the Sichuan Basin.
The potential role of the orexin system in premenstrual syndrome
Authors: Dong Ping , Dai Weibo , Su Mengyue , Wang Shukun , Ma Yuexiang , Zhao Tingting , Zheng Feng , Sun Peng
Published: January 2024

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) occurs recurrently during the luteal phase of a woman’s menstrual cycle and disappears after menstruation ends. It is characterized by abnormal changes in both the body and mood, and in certain cases, severe disruptions in daily life and even suicidal tendencies. Current drugs for treating PMS, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, do not yield satisfactory results. Orexin, a neuropeptide produced in the lateral hypothalamus, is garnering attention in the treatment of neurological disorders and is believed to modulate the symptoms of PMS. This paper reviews the advancements in research on sleep disturbances, mood changes, and cognitive impairment caused by PMS, and suggests potential pathways for orexin to address these symptoms. Furthermore, it delves into the role of orexin in the molecular mechanisms underlying PMS. Orexin regulates steroid hormones, and the cyclic fluctuations of estrogen and progesterone play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PMS. Additionally, orexin also modulates the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system and the inflammatory response involved in coordinating the mechanism of PMS. Unraveling the role of orexin in the pathogenesis of PMS will not only aid in understanding the etiology of PMS but also hold implications for orexin as a novel target for treating PMS.
Master–slave game operation scheduling strategy of an integrated energy system considering the uncertainty of wind and solar output
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan , Shen Jin
Published: January 2024

Introduction: With the development of the energy market and the gradual rise of emerging market players, the linkage of interests between energy sources and loads in the Integrated Energy System (IES) has become increasingly complex. Additionally, the reliability of the system has been impacted by the growing proportion of renewable energy output.

Methods: To address the challenges posed by the above issues. This paper first proposes an operational strategy for an integrated energy system that incorporates the uncertainty of wind and solar output using a master-slave game approach. To enhance system robustness and cost-effectiveness, the paper introduces the information gap decision theory (IGDT). Second, building on this foundation, the system operator is considered as the leader, adding a tiered carbon trading mechanism and cloud energy storage system, and building a system revenue maximization model. Then, the user is regarded as the follower, and an optimization model is developed based on integrated demand response (IDR). Finally, the two-layer model is converted into a mixed-integer linear programming problem (MILP) to be solved by the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions (KKT) combined with the big M method.

Results: The analysis of the example shows that according to the difference of the decision maker’s attitude towards risk, different scheduling schemes can be obtained through the two perspectives of risk-seeking and risk-avoiding, which can provide guidance for the dynamic operation of the system, and at the same time, the users can be guided by the energy differentials to reasonably use the energy under this strategy.

Discussion: Therefore, the proposed strategy in this paper can balance the economy and robustness of the system.
Anomaly detection based on a deep graph convolutional neural network for reliability improvement
Authors: Xu Gang , Hu Jie , Qie Xin , Rong Jingguo
Published: January 2024

Effective anomaly detection in power grid engineering is essential for ensuring the reliability of dispatch and operation. Traditional anomaly detection methods based on manual review and expert experience cannot be adapted to the current rapid increases in project data. In this work, to address this issue, knowledge graph technology is used to build an anomaly detection dataset. Considering the over-smoothing problem associated with multi-level GCN networks, a deep skip connection framework for anomaly detection on attributed networks called DIET is proposed for anomaly detection on ultra-high voltage (UHV) projects. Furthermore, a distance-based object function is added to the conventional object function, which gives DIET the ability to process multiple attributes of the same type. Several comparative experiments are conducted using five state-of-the-art algorithms. The results of the receiver operating characteristic with the area under the curve (ROC-AUC) indicator show a 12% minimum improvement over other methods. Other evaluation indicators such as precision@K and recall@K indicate that DIET can achieve a better detection rate with less ranking. To evaluate the feasibility of the proposed model, a parameter analysis of the number of GCN layers is also performed. The results show that relatively few layers are needed to achieve good results with small datasets.
Antitumoral effect of local injection of TLR-9 agonist emulsified in Lipiodol with systemic anti-PD-1 in a murine model of colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Grindel Anne-Laure , Fretellier Nathalie , Soares Miguel , Bouzakher Nabiha , Millot Maysounabe Vincent , Santus Robin , Bawa Olivia , Wintrebert Melody , Couquelet Clémence , Robert Philippe , Emile Jean-Francois , Capron Claude
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Local treatments of cancer, including transarterial chemoembolization, could enhance responses to systemic immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD-1 antibodies. Lipiodol, a radiopaque oil, is widely used for transarterial chemoembolization as a tumor-targeting drug carrier and could be used in emulsion with immunomodulators. This study aimed at evaluating the antitumoral effect of intra-tumoral injection of Lipiodol-immunomodulator emulsions combined with systemic anti-PD-1 therapy in a murine model of colorectal carcinoma.

Method

Mice (male BALB/c) with anti-PD-1-resistant subcutaneous CT26 tumors were injected with immunomodulators, emulsified or not with Lipiodol (N=10-12/group).

Results

The TLR-9 agonist CpG displayed antitumor effects, while Poly I:C and QS21 did not. The Lipiodol-CpG emulsion appeared to be stable and maintained CpG within tumors for a longer time. Repeated intra-tumoral injections, combined with anti-PD-1, induced responses towards the tumor as well as to a distant metastatic-like nodule. This treatment was associated with an increase in proliferative CD8+ T cells and of IFN-γ expression, a decrease in proliferative regulatory T cells but also, surprisingly, an increase in myeloid derived suppressor cells.

Conclusions

Local administration of CpG emulsified with Lipiodol led to an effective antitumoral effect when combined to systemic anti-PD-1 therapy. Lipiodol, apart from its radiopaque properties, is an efficient drug-delivery system. The formulated oil-in-water emulsion allows efficient loading and control release of CpG, which induces favorable immune modifications in this murine tumor model.
miRNA-132-5p mediates a negative feedback regulation of IL-8 secretion through S100A8/A9 downregulation in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells
Authors: Zhou Yang , Nomigni Milène Tetsi , Gaigneaux Anthoula , Tolle Fabrice , Wright Helen L. , Bueb Jean-Luc , Bréchard Sabrina
Published: January 2024

Background

Neutrophils are an important source of pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines. This makes neutrophils efficient drivers of interactions with immune and non-immune cells to maintain homeostasis and modulate the inflammatory process by notably regulating the release of cytokines. Ca2+-dependent regulatory mechanism encompassing cytokine secretion by neutrophils are not still identified. In this context, we propose to define new insights on the role of Ca2+-binding proteins S100A8/A9 and on the regulatory role of miRNA-132-5p, which was identified as a regulator of S100A8/A9 expression, on IL-8 secretion.

Methods

Differentiated HL-60 cells, a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line that can be induced to differentiate into neutrophil-like cells, were used as a model of human neutrophils and treated with N- formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF), a bacterial peptide that activates neutrophils. shRNA knockdown was used to define the role of selected targets (S100A8/A9 and miRNA-132-5p) on IL-8 secretion.

Results and discussion

Different types of cytokines engage different signaling pathways in the secretion process. IL-8 release is tightly regulated by Ca2+ binding proteins S100A8/A9. miRNA-132-5p is up-regulated over time upon fMLF stimulation and decreases S100A8/A9 expression and IL-8 secretion.

Conclusion

These findings reveal a novel regulatory loop involving S100A8/A9 and miRNA-132-5p that modulates IL-8 secretion by neutrophils in inflammatory conditions. This loop could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory diseases.
Application of three-dimensional visualization technology in phacoemulsification benefits the dry eye symptoms of patients after cataract surgery
Authors: Wu Chen , Chen Qingzhong , Zhang Guangbin
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To investigate the effects of the three-dimension visualization system on dry eye in patients after cataract phacoemulsification.

Methods

Seventy-one patients (104 eyes) were enrolled in this study and assigned to the conventional microscopic group (CM group) or three-dimension group (3D group). Ocular Surface Disease Index, The Schirmer I test (SIt), lipid layer thickness (LLT), noninvasive tear breakup time (NIBUT) and other factors associated with dry eye were recorded before and 1 week and 1 month after surgery. The operation time and intraoperative light intensity (ILI) were also recorded.

Results

The ILI in the 3D group was significantly lower than that in the CM group (33% vs. 60%, p < 0.01). There was an interaction (group and time) effect for first NIBUT (NIBUT-F), average NIBUT (NIBUT-Ave), tear meniscus height (TMH) and the score of eye redness (Pinteraction < 0.05). The main effects of group on SIt, LLT, NIBUT-F, NIBUT-Ave and the score of eye redness were significant (Pgroup < 0.05). In the CM group, SIt, LLT, NIBUT-F, NIBUT-Ave, TMH were lower than those of the 3D group, the score of eye redness was higher than that of the 3D group at 1 week and 1 month after surgery (all p < 0.05). The changes in NIBUT-F and NIBUT-Ave between before surgery and 1 week after surgery showed negative correlations with ILI (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Compared with microscopic surgery, the 3D visualization system can provide better tear film stability for patients after cataract surgery.
Antifungal activity of eumelanin-inspired indoylenepheyleneethynylene against Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Conn Brittney N. , Lieberman Jacob A. , Chatman Priscilla , Cotton Kaitlyn , Essandoh Martha A. , Ebqa’ai Mohammad , Nelson Toby L. , Wozniak Karen L.
Published: January 2024

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes meningitis in >152,000 immunocompromised individuals annually, leading to 112,000 yearly deaths. The four classes of existing antifungal agents target plasma membrane sterols (ergosterol), nucleic acid synthesis, and cell wall synthesis. Existing drugs are not highly effective against Cryptococcus, and antifungal drug resistance is an increasing problem. A novel antimicrobial compound, a eumelanin-inspired indoylenepheyleneethynylene, EIPE-1, was synthesized and has antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSRA), but not towards Gram-negative organisms. Based on EIPE-1’s antibacterial activity, we hypothesized that EIPE-1 could have antifungal activity. For these studies, we tested EIPE-1 against C. neoformans strain H99 and 6 additional cryptococcal clinical isolates. We examined antifungal activity, cytotoxicity, effects on fungal gene expression, and mechanism of action of EIPE-1. Results showed that EIPE-1 has fungicidal effects on seven cryptococcal strains with MICs ranging from 1.56 to 3.125 μg/mL depending on the strain, and it is non-toxic to mammalian cells. We conducted scanning and transmission electron microscopy on the exposed cells to examine structural changes to the organism following EIPE-1 treatment. Cells exposed displayed structural changes to their cell wall and membranes, with internal contents leaking out of the cells. To understand the effect of EIPE-1 on fungal gene expression, RNA sequencing was conducted. Results showed that EIPE-1 affects several processes involved stress response, ergosterol biosynthesis, capsule biosynthesis, and cell wall attachment and remodeling. Therefore, our studies demonstrate that EIPE-1 has antifungal activity against C. neoformans, which affects both cellular structure and gene expression of multiple fungal pathways involved in cell membrane stability and viability.
Combined central and peripheral demyelination: a case report resembling encephalomyeloradiculoneuropathy
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Peng Ali , Li Chuan , Li Lin , Yao Dan , Hao Yunfeng , Zhao Chao , Yan Qi , Li Ying , Liu Juntong , Liu Shuyu , Zhu Wenping , Du Ying , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2024

Combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD) is an extremely rare disease characterized by inflammatory demyelination in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Herein, we reported case of a 14-year-old teenager who initially presented with the symptoms of acute myelitis (AM). Subsequently, the patient developed symptoms consistent with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which was supported by nerve conduction studies (NCV) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Throughout the course of the disease, the patient experienced abdominal pain and abnormal liver function. After a comprehensive evaluation, we determined that the abnormal liver function was a result of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, which may have acted as a trigger for GBS. The patient was treated with corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and Rituximab, resulting in symptom relief and clinical improvement after therapy and follow-up. This case highlights the potential responsiveness and reversibility of CCPD. Given the heterogeneous nature of CCPD, there is currently no standardized diagnostic criteria or clear consensus on its treatment. Therefore, we recommend a thorough assessment of all possibilities and the development of consolidated management guidelines based on available data for this disorder.
An enriched environment ameliorates the reduction of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex caused by maternal separation early in life
Authors: Irie Kanako , Ohta Ken-ichi , Ujihara Hidetoshi , Araki Chihiro , Honda Kodai , Suzuki Shingo , Warita Katsuhiko , Otabi Hikari , Kumei Haruki , Nakamura Shinji , Koyano Kosuke , Miki Takanori , Kusaka Takashi
Published: January 2024

Early child maltreatment, such as child abuse and neglect, is well known to affect the development of social skills. However, the mechanisms by which such an adverse environment interrupts the development of social skills remain unelucidated. Identifying the period and brain regions that are susceptible to adverse environments can lead to appropriate developmental care later in life. We recently reported an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance and low activity during social behavior in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the maternal separation (MS) animal model of early life neglect after maturation. Based on these results, in the present study, we investigated how MS disturbs factors related to excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the mPFC until the critical period of mPFC development. Additionally, we evaluated whether the effects of MS could be recovered in an enriched environment after MS exposure. Rat pups were separated from their dams on postnatal days (PDs) 2–20 (twice daily, 3 h each) and compared with the mother-reared control (MRC) group. Gene expression analysis revealed that various factors related to excitatory and inhibitory neurons were transiently disturbed in the mPFC during MS. A similar tendency was found in the sensory cortex; however, decreased parvalbumin (PV) expression persisted until PD 35 only in the mPFC. Moreover, the number of PV+ interneurons decreased in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) on PD 35 in the MS group. Additionally, perineural net formation surrounding PV+ interneurons, which is an indicator of maturity and critical period closure, was unchanged, indicating that the decreased PV+ interneurons were not simply attributable to developmental delay. This reduction of PV+ interneurons improved to the level observed in the MRC group by the enriched environment from PD 21 after the MS period. These results suggest that an early adverse environment disturbs the development of the mPFC but that these abnormalities allow room for recovery depending on the subsequent environment. Considering that PV+ interneurons in the mPFC play an important role in social skills such as empathy, an early rearing environment is likely a very important factor in the subsequent acquisition of social skills.
Reduction of inflammation and mitochondrial degeneration in mutant SOD1 mice through inhibition of voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3
Authors: Ratano Patrizia , Cocozza Germana , Pinchera Cecilia , Busdraghi Ludovica Maria , Cantando Iva , Martinello Katiuscia , Scioli Mariarosaria , Rosito Maria , Bezzi Paola , Fucile Sergio , Wulff Heike , Limatola Cristina , D’Alessandro Giuseppina
Published: January 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with no effective therapy, causing progressive loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem, and motor cortex. Regardless of its genetic or sporadic origin, there is currently no cure for ALS or therapy that can reverse or control its progression. In the present study, taking advantage of a human superoxide dismutase-1 mutant (hSOD1-G93A) mouse that recapitulates key pathological features of human ALS, we investigated the possible role of voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 in disease progression. We found that chronic administration of the brain-penetrant Kv1.3 inhibitor, PAP-1 (40 mg/Kg), in early symptomatic mice (i) improves motor deficits and prolongs survival of diseased mice (ii) reduces astrocyte reactivity, microglial Kv1.3 expression, and serum pro-inflammatory soluble factors (iii) improves structural mitochondrial deficits in motor neuron mitochondria (iv) restores mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction. Taken together, these findings underscore the potential significance of Kv1.3 activity as a contributing factor to the metabolic disturbances observed in ALS. Consequently, targeting Kv1.3 presents a promising avenue for modulating disease progression, shedding new light on potential therapeutic strategies for ALS.
Assessing the nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom)
Authors: Effiong Magdalene Eno , Umeokwochi Chidinma Precious , Afolabi Israel Sunmola , Chinedu Shalom Nwodo
Published: January 2024

There is a huge gap between food production and the exploding population demands in various parts of the world, especially developing countries. This increases the chances of malnutrition, leading to increased disease incidence and the need for functional foods to reduce mortality. Pleurotus ostreatus are edible mushrooms that are cheaply sourced and rich in nutrient with the potential to be harnessed toward addressing the present and future food crisis while serving as functional foods for disease prevention and treatment. This study evaluated the nutritional, proximate, vitamins and amino acids contents of Pleurotus ostreatus. The proximate composition of Pleurotus ostreatus in this study revealed that it contains 43.42% carbohydrate, 23.63% crude fiber, 17.06% crude protein, 8.22% ash, 1.21% lipid and a moisture content of 91.01 and 6.46% for fresh and dry samples of Pleurotus ostreatus, respectively. The monosaccharide and disaccharide profile of Pleurotus ostreatus revealed the presence of glucose (55.08 g/100 g), xylose (7.19 g/100 g), fructose (19.70 g/100 g), galactose (17.47 g/100 g), trehalose (7.37 g/100 g), chitobiose (11.79 g/100 g), maltose (29.21 g/100 g), sucrose (51.60 g/100 g) and lower amounts of cellobiose (0.01 g/100 g), erythrose (0.48 g/100 g) and other unidentified sugars. Potassium, Iron and Magnesium were the highest minerals present with 12.25 mg, 9.66 mg and 7.00 mg amounts, respectively. The vitamin profile revealed the presence of vitamin A (2.93 IU/100 g), C (16.46 mg/100 g), E (21.50 mg/100 g) and B vitamins with vitamin B2 having the highest concentration of 92.97 mg/kg. The amino acid scores showed that Pleurotus ostreatus had more non-essential amino acids (564.17 mg/100 g) than essential amino acids (67.83 mg/100 g) with a ratio of 0.11. Lysine (23.18 mg/100 g) was the highest essential amino acid while aspartic acid (492.12 mg/kg) was the highest non-essential amino acid present in Pleurotus ostreatus. It had a higher concentration of acidic amino acids, 492.12 mg/100 g (77.87%), followed by neutral amino acids, 106.66 mg/100 g (16.88%) and least were the basic amino acids, 23.18 mg/100 g (3.67%). Based on the nutritional assessment of the Pleurotus ostreatus analyzed in this study, it can be concluded that it can serve as an important functional food source that can be exploited to meet the increasing food demands and reduce micronutrient deficiencies in many parts of the world, especially developing countries.
The quality of selected raw and pasteurized honeys based on their sensory profiles and consumer preferences
Authors: Kardas Marek , Staśkiewicz-Bartecka Wiktoria , Sołtys Katarzyna , Dul Lechowsław , Sapała Anna-Maria , Kiciak Agata , Bielaszka Agnieszka , Kardas Justyna
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the sensory profile of honeys based on the method of quantitative descriptive analysis and principal component analysis and assess consumer preferences of raw and pasteurized honeys. Samples of multi-floral honeys (from the store and apiary) were subjected to sensory analysis based on the method of ranking for taste preference, the method of scaling based on color, aroma, taste, and texture, and the method of differential descriptive analysis using 11 quality descriptors. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Principal Component Analysis method. The taste was found to be a descriptor that differentiates honey by origin. Consumers prefer the taste of pasteurized honeys. As a result of assessing the quality of honeys using the scaling method, it was found that: raw honeys are characterized by a lighter color than pasteurized honeys, store-bought honeys have a less noticeable aroma than honeys obtained from beekeepers, while samples of pasteurized honeys were judged to have a consistency more like that of typical honey. The sensory profiles obtained highlight the differences between pasteurized honeys and raw honeys.
Prognostic and clinicopathological role of pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Jiliang , Dai Shu
Published: January 2024

Background

There are many studies regarding the use of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) to help predict oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) prognosis, but findings have been inconsistent. The present meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether SII could contribute to predicting OSCC prognosis.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were thoroughly searched from their inceptions through August 20, 2023. The role of SII in predicting OSCC prognosis was determined through combined hazard ratios (HRs) with relevant 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Correlations of SII with clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC patients were analyzed based on combined odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs.

Results

This meta-analysis utilized 11 articles in total, involving 3,464 patients. According to the results, an elevated SII was markedly associated with dismal overall survival (OS) (HR=1.85, 95%CI=1.48-2.29, p<0.001) and poor disease-free survival (DFS) (HR=1.77, 95%CI=1.20-2.61, p=0.004) of OSCC. Moreover, a higher SII was markedly correlated with stage T3-T4 (OR=2.47, 95%CI=1.40-4.37, p=0.002), TNM stage III-IV (OR=2.29, 95%CI=1.53-3.44, p<0.001), and low differentiation (OR=1.74, 95%CI=1.25-2.43, p=0.001).

Conclusion

According to the present meta-analysis, an increased SII is significantly associated with dismal OS and DFS, advanced tumor stage and poor differentiation in OSCC. SII could be a potential and important biomarker for clinical management and predicting the prognosis of patients with OSCC.

Systematic review registration

https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2023-9-0033/), identifier INPLASY202390033.
The use of the ratio of C-reactive protein to albumin for the diagnosis of pediatric septic arthritis
Authors: Ren Chong , Yuan Quanwen , Yin Chunhua , Yao Feng , Yu Wentao , Zhang Fuyong , Wang Xiaodong
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the ratio of c-reactive protein to albumin (CAR) and pediatric septic arthritis (PSA).

Methods

Clinical and laboratory data were collected. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive ability of CAR in identifying PSA. Multivariable logistic regression analyses was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

We included 305 patients with PSA (CAR ≤ 0.447, 182 patients; CAR > 0.447, 123 patients) between September 2013 and November 2022. ROC analysis showed that CAR performed best in diagnosing PSA, with an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.828. After adjusted for potential confounders, we found that high CAR was associated with PSA (OR = 6.85, 95% CI: 2.30–20.40, p = 0.001). In sensitivity analyses, subgroups analyses, and propensity score matching, the results remain stable.

Conclusions

The CAR (>0.447) at admission was an independent risk factor for PSA. It is worthy to further investigate this association.
Case Report: effect of lumasiran treatment in a late preterm baby with antenatal diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria type 1
Authors: Taroni Francesca , Berrettini Alfredo , Gnech Michele , Rella Francesca , Manzoni Gian Antonio , Montini Giovanni
Published: January 2024

Background

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare disease with autosomal recessive transmission, characterized by increased urinary excretion of oxalate, resulting in chronic kidney disease secondary to recurrent urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and accumulation of oxalate in various organs and tissues (systemic oxalosis). Since 2020, an innovative pharmacological approach, namely, lumasiran, has been added to the therapeutic armamentarium (dialysis and liver-kidney transplantation). The purpose of this paper is to describe the effect of lumasiran initiated at 10 days of life in a newborn with prenatally diagnosed PH1. A female fetus was prenatally diagnosed with hyperoxaluria type 1, based on family history and genetic testing. Her brother had the onset of the disease at 2 months of age and underwent liver and kidney transplantation at 13 months and 8 years of age, respectively. The baby was born late preterm at 36 weeks + 4 days of gestation via spontaneous labor, and lumasiran for compassionate use was started on the tenth day of life. At 20 months of age, the baby showed normal urinary oxalate values and kidney function, while the plasma oxalate level was under the threshold of oversaturation. There were no signs of systemic oxalosis.

Conclusions

Early use of lumasiran in young infants, who do not yet show signs of the disease, represents a therapeutic challenge for the pediatric nephrologist. The ability of the drug to act on the hepatocyte of the newborn and the most appropriate dosage to be used in these very young babies have yet to be clarified.
Effect of berberine on cognitive function and β-amyloid precursor protein in Alzheimer’s disease models: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Jia-Yang , Dai Yu , He Yao-Xi , Lin Lin
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Berberis vulgaris, which possesses a variety of pharmacological activities. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex disease with multiple pathologic factors, with cognitive decline being the main manifestation of AD. The neuroprotective effects of berberine in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been widely reported, exhibiting protective effects against risk factors associated with AD. In this study, we summarize and evaluate the effects of berberine on cognitive function and β-amyloid precursor protein in animal models of AD.

Material and methods: Eligible studies were retrieved from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases up to 1 June 2023. Risk of bias was assessed by the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experiments (SYRCLE). Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 14.0 and Review Manger 5.4 software to calculate weighted standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), Morris water maze (MWM) test and β-amyloid precursor protein as outcome measures. Heterogeneity was tested using the I2 test. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also assessed.

Results: 19 studies involving 360 animals met the inclusion criteria, and the results of the meta-analysis showed that berberine decreased escape latency (SMD = −2.19, 95% CI: (−2.50, −1.88), p < 0.00001), increased the number of platform crossings (SMD = 4.27, 95% CI (3.38, 5.17), p < 0.00001), time in the target quadrant (SMD = 5.92, 95% CI (4.43, 7.41), p < 0.00001) and APP expression (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI: (0.25, 1.21), p = 0.003).

Conclusion: Berberine can regulate APP expression and improve cognitive function in animal models of AD, and the mechanism may be related to the involvement of berberine in APP processing and influence the expression of its related factors.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, CRD42023437445
Yield and nutrient composition of forage crops and their effects on soil characteristics of winter fallow paddy in South China
Authors: Xu Liuxing , Tang Guojian , Wu Dan , Zhang Jianguo
Published: January 2024

In terms of providing additional feeds and improving the soil fertility, planting forage crops during the fallow seasons is an effective strategy to promote resource utilization. The objective of this research was to compare the effects of planting different forage crops on the yields and nutritive compositions of forage and soil properties of winter fallow paddy in southern China. Five forage crops, including alfalfa (Medicago sativa, AF), common vetch (Vicia sativa, CV), milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus, MV), smooth vetch (Vicia villosa, SV) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, IR), were planted by monoculture on the winter fallow paddy in 2017-2018 (season 1) and 2018-2019 (season 2), respectively. The dry matter yield of IR was significantly higher than those of AF, CV, SV and MV (P<0.05). The crude protein yield of IR was significantly higher than those of AF, CV and MV (P<0.05). The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents of CV, SV and IR were significantly lower than those of AF and MV (P<0.05). Forage crops significantly affected the culturable microbial population of soils (P<0.05). The bacteria, actinomyces and fungi numbers on IR were the highest, while azotobacter number was the lowest. The catalase, acid-phosphatase and invertase activities of IR soil were the lowest. The numbers of bacteria, actinomyces and fungi of IR soil were the highest. IR and SV were the best crops to obtain forage and improve the soil. When producers pursue higher forage yield, we recommend planting Italian ryegrass. If the producers want to improve soil characteristics, smooth vetch is the most suitable plant. These results provide useful information to rice growers for cropping management when growing forage crops (based on the yield and nutritional value) or green manure (based on improving the soil fertility) as an alternative to late rice harvest.
Genetic gains in early maturing maize hybrids developed by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center in Southern Africa during 2000–2018
Authors: Tarekegne Amsal , Wegary Dagne , Cairns Jill E. , Zaman-Allah Mainassara , Beyene Yoseph , Negera Demewoz , Teklewold Adefris , Tesfaye Kindie , Jumbo MacDonald B. , Das Biswanath , Nhamucho Egas J. , Simpasa Kelvin , Kaonga Kesbell K. E. , Mashingaidze Kingstone , Thokozile Ndhlela , Mhike Xavier , Prasanna Boddupalli M.
Published: January 2024

Genetic gain estimation in a breeding program provides an opportunity to monitor breeding efficiency and genetic progress over a specific period. The present study was conducted to (i) assess the genetic gains in grain yield of the early maturing maize hybrids developed by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Southern African breeding program during the period 2000–2018 and (ii) identify key agronomic traits contributing to the yield gains under various management conditions. Seventy-two early maturing hybrids developed by CIMMYT and three commercial checks were assessed under stress and non-stress conditions across 68 environments in seven eastern and southern African countries through the regional on-station trials. Genetic gain was estimated as the slope of the regression of grain yield and other traits against the year of first testing of the hybrid in the regional trial. The results showed highly significant (p< 0.01) annual grain yield gains of 118, 63, 46, and 61 kg ha−1 year−1 under optimum, low N, managed drought, and random stress conditions, respectively. The gains in grain yield realized in this study under both stress and non-stress conditions were associated with improvements in certain agronomic traits and resistance to major maize diseases. The findings of this study clearly demonstrate the significant progress made in developing productive and multiple stress-tolerant maize hybrids together with other desirable agronomic attributes in CIMMYT’s hybrid breeding program.
Influence of mental health service provision on the perceived quality of life among psychiatric outpatients: associations and mediating factors
Authors: Lundqvist Lars-Olov , Rytterström Patrik , Rask Mikael , Brunt David , Sellin Tabita , Grim Katarina , Rystedt Ingrid , Schröder Agneta
Published: January 2024

Objective

To investigate the relationship between perceived mental health service provision and quality of life (QoL) as perceived by patients in psychiatric outpatient care.

Methods

A total of 373 adult patients registered at 15 psychiatric outpatient clinics in three regions in central and southern Sweden were included in the study. Survey data were collected using a questionnaire on mental health service provision, symptom severity, recovery, clinical diagnosis, sociodemographics (serving as independent variables) and QoL (serving as the dependent variable). Three aspects of mental health service provision were used: patients’ perceived quality of care, perceived staff-patient interaction, and patient reported psychiatric treatments. Structural equation modelling was used to model the relationship among the variables.

Results

Variables in mental health service provision showed few direct associations with patients’ perceived QoL. Instead, the associations of mental health service provision on QoL were mainly mediated through symptom severity and recovery. These relationships were retained after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and clinical diagnoses. The final model achieved excellent goodness of fit (χ2 = 49.502, p = 0.230, RMSEA = 0.020, CFI = 0.997 and a SRMR = 0.024).

Conclusion

This study shows that mental health service provision is associated with patients’ perceived QoL; however, this association is mostly indirect and mediated by reduced symptom severity and increased recovery. This finding can help inform the design of future interventions to enhance service provision to improve patients’ QoL.