bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concordance of HPV genotype detection in cervical and urine samples among cervical cancer screen positive women
Authors: Nihar Fatema , Ferdous Jannatul , Ara Rowson , Khatoon Farhana , Meher Subrina , Akter Naznine , Akther Moushume , Naher Syfun
Published: October 2024

Background: This study investigates the concordance of HPV genotype detection in urine and cervical samples among women undergoing cervical cancer screening.
Methods: Conducted over one year at the Department of Gynaecological Oncology, BSMMU, Dhaka, the study enrolled 74 women aged 30-60 years with positive visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) results or abnormal Pap test findings. Urine samples (20 ml) and cervical samples were collected from each participant. The samples were analyzed using multiplex real-time PCR to amplify high-risk HPV types (16, 18, and others). DNA was extracted using the Qiagen viral DNA extraction kit. Sensitivity and specificity of HPV detection in urine samples were compared to cervical sampling, the gold standard. Data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0, and agreement was assessed using the Kappa index.
Results: In this study of 74 participants, HPV detection and genotype distributions were compared between cervical and urine samples. The mean age was 40.07 years, with 89.2% of participants being married and 75.7% multipara. There was moderate agreement between HPV detection in cervical and urine samples (Kendall’s tau = 0.752, p<0.001). Cervical samples identified a greater variety of HPV types, including HPV 16 and high-risk (HR) genotypes, compared to urine samples. The Cohen’s Kappa coefficient for agreement was 0.746 (p<0.001), indicating moderate concordance. Overall, cervical sampling demonstrated higher sensitivity for HPV detection.
Conclusions: The study demonstrates moderate concordance between cervical and urine samples in HPV detection, with cervical sampling showing higher sensitivity for identifying HPV genotypes.
A comparative study of various diagnostic modalities for female genital tuberculosis in infertility in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Eeram  , Tiwari Yati , Gupta Tripti
Published: October 2024

Background: Infertility is a complex and emotionally challenging issue that affects millions of people worldwide. Infertility has a detrimental effect on women's social standing and psychological health. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of several diagnostic techniques for female genital tuberculosis (TB) in infertility. Objectives to study various diagnostic techniques in patients with infertility attending Obstetrics and Gynaecology outpatient department (OPD) of Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital (RMCH), Bareilly.
Methods: This was a one-year hospital based cross-sectional comparative study carried out in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, RMCH, Bareilly, from 01 November 2019 to 31 October 2020 in women with age group 18-45 years presented with indications of primary and secondary infertility and the estimated sample size was 50.
Results: Highest percentage of cases (48%) have been reported for 21-30 age group, least below 20 age group (2%). The detection rates for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear, Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) culture, Mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture and histopathological examination (HPE), were 4%, 4%, 16% and 12%, respectively. Accuracy of MGIT-960 culture correlating with HPE was found to be 92%. The overall comparative analysis between different methods of diagnosis showed that sensitivity was highest for MGIT-960 (62.5%), however, specificity was found to be 100% for both AFB and LJ culture, while 97.6% for MGIT-960 culture.
Conclusions: Our results indicate that MGIT-960 is an efficacious detection strategy for GTB, in cases of female infertility.
A retrospective study of mullerian anomalies and their outcome in pregnancy in a tertiary care center
Authors: Sai Lakshmi Shreya Chinthala , Papanna Rathnamma
Published: October 2024

Background: Uterine abnormalities resulting from aberrant embryonic development, fusion, or resorption of the Mullerian ducts, the primitive homologue of the female reproductive tract, are known as congenital uterine malformations. In the reproductive age range, its prevalence is 2-4%, and in women who have had unfavourable reproductive outcomes, it is 5-25%. These deformities are linked to several obstetrical outcomes, including fetal growth limitation, fetal death, premature rupture of the membranes, preterm delivery, and a higher risk of ectopic pregnancy. They are also linked to first and second-trimester abortions. This study aimed to observe the different types of Mullerian anomalies and their outcome among pregnant women.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in tertiary care hospital from May 2022 to March 2024.
Results: During this study, malpresentations found in bicornuate, unicornuate, didelphys uterus. Abortions were reported in 25% of cases.
Conclusions: A high suspicion level should be maintained for patients presenting with infertility, repeated pregnancy loss, malpresentations, and a poor obstetric history. Early diagnosis and treatment will give better outcome among the cases who had recurrent abortions and infertility.
Comparative study to evaluate intravenous iron sucrose with oral ferrous sulphate for treatment of anaemia in pregnancy
Authors: Anjum Shazia , Sweta  , Saini Vandana
Published: October 2024

Background: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of oral iron and intravenous iron in improving haemoglobin in iron deficiency anemia.
Methods: This was randomised controlled trial conducted on 100 pregnant women who attended Gynaecology & Obstetrics OPD for antenatal check-up in June 2019 to May 2020 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Hindu Rao Hospital and associated NDMC Medical College, New Delhi. All pregnant women at gestation age 20 to 32 weeks with confirmed diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia were divided into two groups. In the group A, oral iron was given and in the group B, intravenous iron sucrose was given in divided doses. Haemoglobin was checked after 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks. For both groups paired sample test is applied and comparison (in term of rise in haemoglobin from pre to post) of both groups was found to be significant. The results were analyzed by student’s t-test and chi-square test.
Results: Haemoglobin values were found to be increased in both the groups at 2nd 4th and 6th weeks. When both the groups were compared the rise in the values was higher in the IV iron sucrose group 1.6gm than oral iron 0.8gm after two weeks of treatment.
Conclusions: Intravenous iron sucrose treated iron deficiency anemia of pregnancy faster and more effectively than oral iron without serious side effects.
Comparison of pipelle endometrial sampling with Dilatation and Curettage among patients with abnormal uterine bleeding at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Iqbal Tabia , Rizvi Syed Masuma
Published: October 2024

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common debilitating condition and may be due to benign as well as malignant causes. Management relies on histological evaluation of endometrial sample obtained via biopsy. The aim of this study was to compare pipelle endometrial sampling with traditional dilatation and curettage.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 45 patients over the age of 40 years. Endometrial sampling was performed by the Pipelle device followed by D&C and samples were sent to a pathologist, who was blinded to the methods of sampling for histopathology assessment. The histopathology reports of the Pipelle sample were compared with that of the D&C sample and the D&C report was considered as the gold standard.
Results: 97.8% of the samples obtained by conventional D&C, while 95.6% of the samples obtained by the Pipelle device were adequate for histopathological examination. The most common finding in both Pipelle sampling and D&C was proliferative endometrium followed by secretory and disordered endometrium. Polyp was only picked up by D&C, whereas the Pipelle sampling failed to do so. Failure of obtaining a sample was reported in 4.4% of the patients in Pipelle sampling whereas it was 2.2% in D&C. Adenocarcinoma was seen in two patients and it was picked by both D&C and Pipelle sampling.
Conclusions: Endometrial sampling using Pipelle is an accessible and safe method for outpatient tissue diagnosis, providing a cost-effective alternative to D&C.
Screening for cervical abnormalities in antenatal patients with conventional pap smear
Authors: K. Krithika , Manoli Nandish S. , Gupta Preeti , P. Nishchal Anand
Published: October 2024

Background: Cervical cancer screening is crucial for early detection and management of cervical abnormalities, especially in antenatal women who may not regularly undergo such screening. This study assessed the incidence of Pap smear abnormalities among antenatal women at The Oxford Medical College & Hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over 12 months, involving 114 antenatal women. Pap smear tests were analysed using the Bethesda System 2001 criteria. Data on demographic characteristics, knowledge of cervical cancer, and reasons for not undergoing Pap smear were also collected.
Results: The majority of the smears were inflammatory (35.1%), followed by bacterial vaginosis (24.6%) and vaginal candidiasis (14.9%). No high-grade lesions were detected. The mean age of participants was 26.11 years, with a significant portion (39.5%) aged between 21-25 years. Educational status varied, with 29.8% having attained higher education. Knowledge about cervical cancer and Pap smears was low (12.3% and 22.8%, respectively). Socioeconomic factors played a role in screening uptake, with 48.2% belonging to the middle socioeconomic class.
Conclusions: The study highlights the absence of high-grade cervical abnormalities among antenatal women in our cohort and underscores the need for integrating cervical cancer screening into routine antenatal care. Addressing educational and psychological barriers could enhance screening uptake.
Feto-maternal outcome in primigravida with unengaged head vs engaged head at term
Authors: Yadav Vaishali , Agarwal Shivani
Published: October 2024

Background: Labor, defined as regular uterine contractions followed by cervical dilation, effacement, and descent of the presenting part, is a pivotal event in a woman's life. Fetal head engagement, where the widest diameter of the head crosses the pelvic brim, is crucial for a favorable vaginal delivery. This study focuses on primigravidae, where labor dynamics can differ significantly compared to multigravida, often resulting in prolonged labor and increased cesarean sections.
Methods: The study involved primigravidae at term (37-42 weeks) presenting at the labor ward. Inclusion criteria were first-time mothers with singleton pregnancies and vertex presentations. Exclusion criteria included multiple pregnancies, breech presentations, and preterm labor.
Results: Primigravidae with unengaged fetal heads had significantly longer labor durations (12.7±3.6 hours vs. 8.5±2.3 hours, p<0.01), higher cesarean section rates (45% vs. 20%, p<0.01), and increased maternal complications (30% vs. 10%, p<0.01). Neonatal outcomes were also poorer in the unengaged group, with higher rates of neonatal ICU admissions and lower Apgar scores.
Conclusions: Primigravidae with unengaged fetal heads at term are at increased risk of prolonged labor, higher cesarean sections, and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Effective management, including careful monitoring and timely interventions, is crucial to improving outcomes. Future research should focus on identifying predictors of engagement and developing guidelines for managing unengaged fetal heads in labor.
Maternal body mass index and complications during pregnancy
Authors: Hamid Umer , Jahan Azmat , Sameen Duri , Ahmed Syed Nawaz
Published: October 2024

Background: Obesity is a health problem that is increasing in prevalence globally. Studies have shown that maternal prepregnacy BMI is significantly associated with the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Objectives were to observe and compare the effects of BMI on complications during pregnancy, labour, and delivery.
Methods: A total of 224 patients were included in the study BMI was calculated and divided into two groups. Group A having patients with BMI >25 kg/m2 group B with normal BMI (18.5-24.9) kg/m2.
Results: Majority of patients were between 26-30 years of age in both groups 51.8% in group A and 53.6% in group B. 50.9% and 52.7%, were multipara in group A and B respectively, 49.1% and 47.3% were primigravida’s respectively. Early pregnancy failure was observed in 7.1% and 3.6% in group A and B respectively and Threatened abortion was seen in 6.3% and 2.7% in group A and B respectively. Abruptio placentae was observed in 1.9% in group A and none in group B. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was seen in 30.8% and 18.5% in Group A and B respectively. Gestational diabetes was seen in 37.5% and 11.1% patients in group A and B respectively. Gestational hypertension was seen in 34.6% and 16.7% respectively. Only (1.9%) women in group A were eclamptic against none in the Group B. Mean gestational age at termination of pregnancy of women in group A was 36.7+1.53 weeks and 37.5+1.61 weeks in group B. Majority of women in both the study groups were having >37 weeks of gestation (73.1%) in group A and 88.9%0 in Group B women.
Conclusion: Increased maternal BMI is significantly associated with increased risk of antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum, and neonatal complications.
Analysing the DNA integrity in hypo-osmotic swelling test types of tail curling and assessing if HOS type “B” outweighs the rest
Authors: Yuvaraj Swathy , G. Manjula , Vembu Radha , Reddy Sanjeeva , Pandurangi Monna
Published: October 2024

Background: One of the important steps in ICSI is to select a sperm with good DNA content to have a successful out-come. In case of complete asthenozoospermia the aim is to select a viable sperm using the hypo-osmotic swelling test. There has been lot of debate regarding type of tail curling and their DNA integrity. This study aimed to analyze DNA integrity among different hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) types of tail curling and determine whether HOS type B has superior DNA quality compared to other types.
Methods: A total of 43 semen samples were collected from patients who attend a tertiary care centre in Chennai. The samples were subjected to HOS testing, followed by DNA integrity assessment using acridine orange staining.
Results: The study found that sperm with HOS type B tail curling exhibited significantly lower DNA fragmentation (24.6%) compared to HOS type A (97.7%) and other types (61.9%), suggesting that HOS type B sperm possess better DNA integrity.
Conclusions: These findings propose that selecting HOS type B sperm in cases of asthenozoospermia for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) could enhance outcomes, as this method is cost-effective and identifies sperm with good DNA content.
Clinical case: renal tumor with succinate dehydrogenase deficiency during pregnancy
Authors: Fortich Alejandra , Arrambide Jose Gustavo , Ruiz Victor David
Published: October 2024

Renal tumors during pregnancy present unique challenges due to the need to balance maternal and fetal health considerations. This case report describes a 31-year-old pregnant woman diagnosed with succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) during the second trimester. The patient presented with lumbar pain and hematuria, leading to the discovery of a left renal mass that was surgically removed via radical nephrectomy, with histopathological analysis confirming SDH-deficient RCC, stage 1. Postoperative care involved anticoagulation therapy, fetal heart rate monitoring and close follow-up. These tumors demand a multidisciplinary approach, with diagnostic tools like ultrasound and MRI to minimize fetal exposure to radiation. SDH-deficient renal tumors, a rare subtype of RCC, requires precise, that requires precise diagnosis due to their association with tumors such as paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas. Treatment strategies, including surgical intervention, are typically tailored to the tumor's characteristics, symptoms, the patient’s wishes and the pregnancy stage, being the second trimester the safest period for surgery. Discussion highlights the importance of individualized care and a collaborative medical approach for optimal outcomes for mother and fetus. Managing renal tumors during pregnancy is complex, requiring careful consideration of maternal and fetal health. A multidisciplinary approach, timely surgical intervention, and individualized treatment plans are essential for optimizing outcomes. Second trimester is often the safest time for surgery, with more aggressive treatments deferred until after delivery, depending on tumor's characteristics and pregnancy stage. This case underscores importance of tailored strategies to ensure the best prognosis for mother and child.
Prolapse in pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Hock Sarah Van Der , Seth Ishith , Hapangama Nipuni , Cuomo Roberto , Dhupar Nita
Published: October 2024

Pelvic organ prolapse in pregnancy is uncommon. It poses unique maternal and foetal risks which must be carefully managed in the antepartum, intrapartum, and post-partum period. This case series and literature review discusses two cases of young female patients without significant risk factors presenting in their third trimester of pregnancy with symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Both patients were treated conservatively and went on to have an uncomplicated vaginal delivery at term. These cases highlight the need for routine pelvic floor assessments in the antenatal period to detect the early signs of POP. The ensuing literature review provides updated insights into the predisposing factors, diagnosis, and management of POP, including the importance of managing the psychosocial implications of the condition.
Transvaginal echo-guided drainage of an ovarian tubo abscess in the gynecological emergency of Meulan Les Mureaux about a case and review of the literature
Authors: Kakou Charles , Kasse Raoul , Bakar Joseph
Published: October 2024

Tubo-ovarian abscesses (TOA) complicate 10 to 35% of upper genital infections (UGI). The diagnosis is based on a clinical-bio-radiological tripod. Treatment requires surgery or interventional imaging. We report a case of TOA drained by transvaginal ultrasound guidance in the gynecological emergency room of the Meulan-Les Mureaux intercommunal hospital center. This treatment was associated with probabilistic antibiotic triage therapy. The evolution was marked by a regression of the clinical symptoms and by a regression of the biological markers of inflammation on the 3rd day post drainage. This approach, less invasive than laparoscopy, should be favored in the event of comorbidity or unavailability of endoscopy. It can be an alternative to classic laparotomy in the absence of any contraindication.
Prenatal and post-natal imaging of Zellweger spectrum disorder with novel prenatal sonographic findings
Authors: Dhulshette Sumeet A. , Thakkar Hemangini , Bansal Roopali , Bolke Priti , Haribalakrishna Anitha , R. R. Prashanth , Nair Sruthi , Mhatre Shweta
Published: October 2024

Peroxisomes are membrane-enclosed organelles in the cell which contain enzymes involved in various metabolic processes. Peroxisomal disorders are classified as peroxisome biogenesis disorder and single enzymatic defects. Zellweger spectrum disorder is an autosomal recessive condition affecting any of the 13 PEX genes responsible for synthesis and functioning of the peroxisomes. Prenatal diagnosis of Zellweger spectrum disorder has been possible in the recent years due to clinical exome sequencing of the amniotic fluid or chorionic villous sampling in suspected cases. The common prenatal imaging findings are Fetal akinesia/bradykinesia, Ventriculomegaly and echogenic kidneys. We present a case of antenatally suspected Zellweger syndrome, its post-natal imaging with confirmation of diagnosis by biochemical studies and clinical course. A 36-year-old multigravida, known case of SLE, was referred to us for a detailed anomaly scan at 25 weeks of gestation in view of fetal ventriculomegaly. Additional prenatal imaging findings were fetal hypokinesia, rhizomelia, persistent left SVC, echogenic kidneys, hepatomegaly with calcification, polyhydramnios and intrauterine growth restriction. Postnatally, neonate had dysmorphic facial features of high forehead, shallow supraorbital ridges, low-set ears with absent antihelix, hypertelorism, depressed nasal bridge, upturned nasal tip, and absent eyelashes. The neonate had repetitive seizures and elevated transaminases. On abdominal ultrasound, hepatomegaly with hepatic calcification, bilateral echogenic kidneys with cysts within were noted. On neurosonogram, lateral ventriculomegaly with bilateral germinolytic cysts was noted. An infantogram showed irregular stippled calcification of the epiphyses of bilateral patella, calcaneum, femoral head and olecranon. MRI brain showed bilateral lateral ventriculomegaly, brachycephaly with bilateral frontal and peri-sylvian polymicrogyria. The plasma of the neonate showed elevated very long-chain fatty acids and low plasmalogens. These biochemical findings are suggestive of peroxisome biogenesis disorder/RCDP. Our case reconfirms the most common prenatal findings of Zellweger spectrum disorder. The novel prenatal finding in our case was the hypoechoic enlarged liver with parenchymal calcification, IUGR, late onset polyhydramnios, and persistent left SVC. The overall prognosis of this disease is dismal, hence early prenatal detection is of utmost importance.
Successful embolization of pseudoaneurysm of uterine artery: a case report
Authors: Hatimota Pradeep , Gautam Himleena , Kathar Kamal K. , Baruah Deepa
Published: October 2024

Pseudoaneurysm arising from uterine artery which was initially thought to be rare, is an important cause of abnormal uterine bleeding. The incidence has risen over the years due to various gynaecological and obstetric surgeries and also because of better diagnostic modalities. This case report is about a 28-year-old female who came with heavy continuous bleeding per vagina and was diagnosed to have uterine artery pseudoaneurysm arising from left uterine artery. Embolization was done which led to symptomatic relief and ultimately complete resolution of the aneurysm. Uterine artery embolization is now considered as the first line treatment of such cases, where facilities are available.
Giant colonic leiomyoma mimicked as a gynecological tumor: a case report
Authors: P. K. Sathiamma , K. K. Afsara , Jacob Sheela , I. Praseeda , Mathew Tilka
Published: October 2024

Colonic leiomyomas are rare benign smooth muscle tumors that account for a small percentage of gastrointestinal tumors. These tumors often pose diagnostic challenges due to their similarity to other smooth muscle tumors, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), and their potential to mimic gynaecological or adnexal masses. In this report, we present the case of a 43-year-old female who presented with vague abdominal symptoms and was found to have a large extraluminal mass in the colon. Initial radiologic evaluations suggested a gynaecological or adnexal origin, particularly mimicking a uterine leiomyoma or ovarian tumour. However, immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed the diagnosis of colonic leiomyoma, which was successfully managed through surgical resection. This case underscores the importance of considering colonic leiomyomas in the differential diagnosis of large abdominopelvic masses, particularly when imaging suggests other origins. It also highlights the essential role of IHC in distinguishing colonic leiomyomas from GIST and other similar tumours to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Prevention and management of urinary tract infection: a non-antibiotic multi-modal approach
Authors: Faruqui Arif A.
Published: October 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are widespread, with 7 million outpatient visits, 1 million emergency department visits, and 100,000 hospitalizations annually. They mainly affect women aged 20-50. Although antibiotics are the main treatment, around 30% of treated women experience recurrence (rUTI). Regular antibiotic use also raises the risk of antibiotic resistance and side effects. Additionally, antibiotics can disrupt the intestinal and vaginal flora, increasing the risk of recurrence. Therefore, non-antibiotic treatments should be considered to reduce antibiotic use and side effects. Non-antibiotic options such as cranberry juice, D-mannose, probiotics, and potassium magnesium citrate can alleviate UTI symptoms and reduce recurrence risk. Research suggests that combining these non-antibiotic treatments, which work through different mechanisms, leads to better clinical outcomes. This review examines the role of each non-antibiotic treatment, the rationale for their combination, and supports their effectiveness with clinical evidence. Thus, the combination of non-antibiotic treatments may offer a better outcome in patients with UTI and rUTI.
Exploring methylene blue as an effective alternative to radiotracer for sentinel lymph node biopsy in early breast cancer in resource-limited settings
Authors: Vadodariya Bhavin P. , Laxmidhar Murtuza I. , Zope Anagha , Shah Shakuntala V.
Published: October 2024

Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is the recommended approach in the evaluation of axilla during breast cancer surgery. This study evaluated the results of patients who underwent methylene blue sentinel lymph node biopsy.
Methods: The study included 35 female patients with T1, T2 and T3 tumours. 5 ml of 1% methylene blue was injected into the periareolar region. The axillary sentinel lymph node was found and removed, and axillary dissection was performed. The sentinel lymph node and axillary dissection specimen were histopathologically examined, and the results were compared.
Results: The sentinel lymph node was found in 33 (90%) patients. There were no complications associated with the use of methylene blue dye. Methylene blue-stained sentinel nodes were histologically negative for malignancy in 42% and positive in 58% of patients. Corresponding to sentinel nodes, the final axillary staging was negative in 60% and positive in 40% of patients. On diagnostic accuracy parameters, the sensitivity of the methylene blue method in early breast cancer (cT1-3N0M0) patients was 90.47%, and the specificity was 100%. The PPV of the technique under study was found to be 100% and NPV was 85.71%. The accuracy rate was 93%, and the false negative rate was identified as 9.5%.
Conclusions: Sentinel lymph node biopsy by methylene blue is a method that can be applied with high accuracy. Methylene blue can be considered as an alternative to radio colloid dye in sentinel lymph node biopsy in a limited resource setting.
Tackling catabolic state in high output stoma cases: our experience with enriched stoma content refeeding
Authors: Bagree Rajendra , Saini Naveen Kumar , Kumar Ritesh , Srinivas Vinay , Gupta Ayush , Kumar Nitish
Published: October 2024

Background: Patients who have a high output stoma are prone to fluid and electrolyte imbalance and the expensive parenteral nutrition (PN) is necessary for management. In these cases, re-feeding can be beneficial with enriched stoma effluent.
Methods: In our study we included 25 cases which had high output stoma with maximum bowel length of 140 cm from duodeno-jejunal junction or output greater than 1.5l in 24 hours.
Results: Among these 25 cases, 16 were males and 9 females. The most common indications for making stoma were intestinal perforation (11) and gangrene (6). These cases were discharged on enriched re-feeding. No major complications were associated with re-feeding. None of the patients required parenteral nutrition after discharge from hospital. After getting body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin under normal parameters, we were able to close the stomas in all the patients.
Conclusions: Patients with high output stoma can be managed nutritionally with distal enriched re-feeding. It is a cost-effective and effective alternate for parenteral nutrition (PN), which is associated with complications.
Lost and found: the late discovery of a migrated intrauterine device after 15 years - a case report
Authors: Saeed Majed , Hassan Naveed Ul , Nisar Javeria , Afzal Shahzad
Published: October 2024

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a preferred reversible contraceptive choice for about 159 million women worldwide. While generally safe, they pose risks like uterine perforation and device migration, which happen in about 1 in 1000 insertions. Other common issues include insertion failure, pain, infection, and menstrual changes. This report details a rare case of IUD migration in a 40-year-old woman, discussing the diagnostic challenges and the approaches used to manage such complications. IUD migration to the bladder is uncommon but can lead to serious, often undetected issues, thus underscoring the necessity for regular follow-up after placement. Early diagnosis with imaging is critical for proper treatment, with the World Health Organization recommending surgical removal in symptom-free cases. The rarity of uterine perforation during IUD use highlights the vital need for vigilant monitoring and patient follow-ups to prevent and quickly address such complications. The uncertain timing and cause of IUD migration further stress the importance of comprehensive counseling and regular patient check-ups. Abdominal discomfort may indicate an IUD has migrated, emphasizing the need for patient awareness and routine self-monitoring after placement. CT imaging is crucial for identifying and pinpointing the location of migrated IUDs, facilitating their removal using minimally invasive methods like colonoscopy and laparoscopy. For more complicated scenarios, such as those involving deep embedment, laparotomy may be necessary.
Jejunojejunal intussusception in a pregnant woman after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass – case report
Authors: Azevedo Pedro M. , Gomes Catarina C. , Amado Pedro B. , Silva Sílvia A. , Gomes Carolina C. , Garrido Rita C.
Published: October 2024

The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of morbid obesity. However, it may come with late complications, such as the intussusception, whose risk can be increased by pregnancy. Diagnosis is made with the combination of clinical and imaging data and is treated surgically. Reduction and enteropexy alone are associated with an increased risk of recurrence and jejunojejunostomy revision is mandatory when facing bowel ischemia. We share a clinical case of a pregnant patient, at 33 weeks and 3 days gestation, who had this complication and had to be submitted to cesarean section and small bowel resection.
Tuberculosis pericarditis: a case report
Authors: Louis Martine A. , Singh Arpana S. , Bhatia Shubham , Webb Sheppard C. , Kiarie Patrick K. , Keating Luke , Inniss Kellyann K.
Published: October 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is still prevalent in the world. In 2020, 1.5 million people died from TB.18 TB accounts for 4% of acute pericarditis. Tuberculous pericarditis (TBP) is due to hypersensitivity to tuberculin protein produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and develops in 1-2% of pulmonary TB cases, representing about 1-2% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Complications occur in the form of acute pericarditis (4%) and cardiac tamponade (7%), which may require life-saving invasive procedures. Tuberculous pericarditis has an overall mortality rate of 1.43 per 100 person-months over a median follow-up of 11.97 months. Risk factors include diabetes, substance use disorder, HIV-positivity, renal insufficiency, biological or immunosuppressive therapy, and exposure to regions with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. We present a 49-year-old diabetic male with a large complex pericardial effusion occurring three months after a diagnosis of TB pleurisy on antituberculosis drugs, which required pericardiocentesis and pericardial window in the context of cardiac tamponade. Cases of TB pericarditis in developed countries are rarely reported, and there are even fewer in the US. Along with a literature review of the road map for its accurate diagnosis and treatment, this case highlights the relevance of TB in the differential of pericarditis worldwide, even in developed countries.
Case of large spermatic cord lipoma misdiagnosed as inguinal hernia
Authors: Dandu Shubha , Kamble Pavan
Published: October 2024

Clinically, a pure spermatic cord lipoma has not been recognized as a disease entity but regarded as an incidental finding at the time of hernia repair because it presents as groin symptoms and clinical findings are indistinguishable from those of inguinal hernia. We report the successful treatment of case of huge pure spermatic cord lipoma originally misdiagnosed as inguinal hernia. A 65year male patient presented with progressive swelling, on and off pain in left groin in the last 2 years. On examination it was partially reducible and ultrasonographic scan was showing as inguinal hernia. We proceeded for an open hernia repair, unexpectedly it revealed a large fatty mass attached to spermatic cord and there is no connection to peritoneal cavity near deep ring. Then it is excised and Lichtenstein tension free hernioplasty was done to prevent future development of hernia. Histopathological examination of excised specimen confirmed it is a lipoma of cord.
Poorly differentiated carcinoma thyroid: an oddball of thyroid malignancy
Authors: P. Rajapandi , A. Eakanathan , Karan V. Dhanush
Published: October 2024

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is an aggressive form of follicular cell derived thyroid carcinoma with a poor prognosis with an incidence of 0.3% to 6.7%. It ranks between DTC and ATC regarding the degree of differentiation. PDTC was recognized as a distinct pathologic entity in the classification of thyroid tumour by World Health Organization (WHO) classification of endocrine tumours. This case report was done in Government Villupuram Medical College and Hospital in a 56-year-old male patient who presented with two swellings in the neck one in the midline in the region of thyroid and the other on right lateral side of neck for 5 months. The patient was diagnosed to have poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma postoperatively and the following course of events are discussed here.
Case report of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for a giant pheochromocytoma: medical and surgical challenge
Authors: Puzhakkal Shikhil , Puthen Veetil Pradeep
Published: October 2024

Pheochromocytomas are rare adrenal tumors that can pose significant clinical challenges due to their potential for catecholamine release and hypertensive crises. We present a case of a large pheochromocytoma managed successfully through a laparoscopic adrenalectomy. A 66-year-old male presented with adrenal incidentaloma. Imaging revealed a sizable left adrenal mass (9.5 cm) consistent with a pheochromocytoma. Preoperative alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade was initiated to optimize hemodynamic control. The patient underwent a laparoscopic adrenalectomy, with meticulous dissection and adrenal vein ligation to minimize catecholamine release during surgery. Post operatively, blood pressure and catecholamine levels normalized. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma with high pheochromocytoma of the adrenal gland scaled score (PASS) and grading of adrenal pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (GAPP) scoring. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy proved to be a safe and effective approach for managing this large pheochromocytoma, resulting in improved blood pressure control and quality of life for the patient. This case underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, including preoperative medical optimization and close postoperative monitoring, in the management of pheochromocytomas, and contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting laparoscopic techniques for these adrenal tumors.
Analysis on the Art Skills of Editing Radio and TV News in the Era of Financial Media
Authors: Wang Siyuan
Published: October 2024

Under the background of the new era, network technology, information technology and new media technology have been applied to various fields, effectively promoting social progress and industry development. In particular, the application of big data, cloud computing and multimedia technology in the radio and television industry not only accelerates the speed of information transmission and increases the number of information dissemination, but also truly realizes information sharing and promotes the sustainable development of the radio and television industry. Under the background of the new era, the information collection and processing technology and editing technology in the radio and television news industry have been improved, which also puts forward new requirements for the editing skills of radio and television news. Based on the author's own news practice, through analyzing the editing skills of radio and television news in the new era, the author puts forward some thoughts and countermeasures to provide useful reference for more radio and television news from the north.
Educational Computer Software "Inheritance Mechanisms" in Biology Lectures
Authors: Odadzic Vesna , Odadzic Borislav
Published: October 2024

The author's interests are connected with the introduction of the new Infocommunication Technologies in biology educatione. Computer application in educational system should include thoroughly designed complex procedure which i eminently realised in all parts of educational system. The process of designing and applying educational computer software should be particulary emphasized. In the aim of enhancing lectures and overcoming mentioned drawbacks we created a software for learning the contents from lecture topic "Inheritance mechanisms" for the 4th grade of grammar schools. Educational computer software "Inheritance Mechanisms" in Biology lectures represents a new generation of educational technology, which is based on computing science and resources. This software is made for teaching and learning procedure, tests, assessments and exercises.
Sentiment analysis of Algerian Arabic dialect on social media Using Bi-LSTM recurrent neural networks
Authors: BOUZIANE Abdelghani , BOUOUGADA Benamar , BOUCHIHA Djelloul , DOUMI Noureddine
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a sentiment analysis approach using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) Recurrent Neural Networks to train predictive models for sentiment analysis on social media, particularly focusing on Algerian Arabic Dialect. The method leverages word-to-vector embedding for word representation and incorporates natural language understanding of emojis to improve semantic interpretation. The model achieves a high accuracy of 94%, demonstrating its effectiveness in analyzing sentiments in online discussions. The originality lies in applying Bi-LSTM to handle multilingual challenges on social platforms. The findings have practical implications for business, policymaking, and public sentiment evaluation, while also contributing positively to fostering informed online discourse.
Antibacterial Activity of Lactuca virosa with an In silico Approach
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560035, Karnataka, India, Neelagund Darshan , Rawri Rajesh Kumar , Prasanna C K , Das Paramita
Published: October 2024

The current work aims to screen the phytoconstitutes of the Lactuca virosa leaves ethanolic extract by using GC-MS analysis and investigate its antibacterial activity. GC-MS analysis was conducted to identify the various phytochemical constituents within the ethanolic extracts of Lactuca virosa. Subsequently, protein-ligand docking was performed using proteins PDBID: 6AHT and 5C5H, revealing a strong affinity between the bioactive compounds and the proteins, indicating potent inhibitory action. Furthermore, each concentration of Lactuca virosa was assessed for antibacterial activity using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against bacterial strains including Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus mutans. Preliminary phytochemical testing revealed the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, terpenoids, oils, and resins. GC-MS showed the presence of many bioactive compounds in extract. Docking results highlighted that two compounds exhibited the most favourable binding energies of approximately -8.1 kcal/mol and -8.5 kcal/mol with 6AHT, and -8.8 kcal/mol with 5C5H. The ethanolic extract of 0.4mg concentration has shown good antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria. The study identifies a new source of antibacterial compounds, which could lead to the development of new drugs, particularly effective against gram positive strains like Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus mutans. Keywords: Lactuca virosa, GC-MS, Docking, ADMET, Antibacterial Activity
Malhação: corpo juvenil e imaginário pós-moderno
Authors: Swendsen Edson , Lacerda-Swendsen Maria Eduarda Bezerra
Published: October 2024

Trata-se de uma resenha do livro Malhação: corpo juvenil e imaginário pós-moderno, dos autores Pierre Normando Gomes-da-Silva e Eunice Simões Lins Gomes, publicado em 2010 pela editora da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. A produção aborda o tema da estética e da semiótica analisando como o inconsciente coletivo, o imaginário social e a cultura jovem foram influenciados, por mais de duas décadas, pelos signos de uma produção midiática televisiva popular brasileira, a série ficcional Malhação.
Diretrizes curriculares nacionais da educação escolar indígena e quilombola: vislumbrando horizontes curriculares outros
Authors: Silva Janssen Felipe da , Santos Aline Renata dos
Published: October 2024

O artigo trata das diretrizes curriculares nacionais da educação escolar indígena e quilombola através da lente teórica dos estudos pós-coloniais. Temos como objetivo evidenciar os princípios da educação escolar indígena e quilombola como ferramenta capaz de construir possibilidades de currículos outros que realizem rupturas epistêmicas, sociais, políticas e pedagógicas. Pressupomos que as diretrizes curriculares contribuem para vislumbrarmos horizontes curriculares outros a partir da ótica da diferença étnico-racial. Fazemos uso da pesquisa documental e da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram a presença de três princípios da educação escolar indígena e quilombola que orientam as referidas diretrizes, a saber: epistemológicos, sociopolíticos e didático-pedagógicos. Esses princípios decorrem das pressões e das proposições dos movimentos sociais indígena e quilombola. Percebemos, ainda, que as diretrizes curriculares estão fundadas em identidades em políticas, pois desvelam os mecanismos opressores e são propositivas de modelos curriculares outros próximos da descolonização curricular. Por fim, destacamos que tratar de políticas curriculares é evidenciar a diferença colonial e, nela, as feridas coloniais, compreendendo tais políticas enquanto fruto de pensamentos de fronteiras.
Différance e contingência na política curricular de Ensino Médio de Mato Grosso: a positividade falida do Projeto de Vida na formação para o autoconhecimento
Authors: Cunha Érika Virgílio Rodrigues da , Oliveira Leidiane Francisca de , Castro Tiago Rodrigues
Published: October 2024

Em atenção à proposta ensejada neste dossiê, aproximamos as noções de différance e de contingência, tal como pensadas, respectivamente, por Jacques Derrida e Ernesto Laclau, com o objetivo de des-sedimentar sentidos de Projeto de Vida esteados como incontornáveis no que se refere a formar o jovem na política curricular para o Ensino Médio de Mato Grosso. Introdutoriamente, contextualizamos a pesquisa que dá corpo à discussão. Na segunda seção, ancoramos a abordagem teórica pós-estrutural à différance e pós-fundacional à contingência. A política é problematizada na terceira seção com a leitura do Manual do Professor e da Live Boas Práticas, orientações direcionadas ao trabalho com o Projeto de Vida nas escolas de Ensino Médio de Mato Grosso. Pontuamos a différance e a contingência no esgarçamento do racionalismo e da fantasia de positividade na política de formação do jovem no Ensino Médio, discutindo que o educar não está relacionado nem com fundamentos racionais nem com positividades idealizadas, mas se encontra nas práticas sociais/discursos de uma coletividade constituída na luta política, de modo que qualquer sentido de formar o jovem proposto como universal não é mais que um ato de poder cujas marcas se encontram sedimentadas. Na conclusão, defendemos uma perspectiva de política curricular radicalmente contextual em que seja considerado o diferir como condição inerradicável do educar.
Role of energy value chain in carbon neutrality: A review
Authors: Luo Zheng , Lin Xiaojie , Wu Yanling , Zhong Wei
Published: October 2024

Value chain analysis is an important tool for optimizing operations and decision-making in enterprises. As the concept of sustainable development gains recognition worldwide, research on value chains is increasingly focused on sustainability. Traditionally, energy management and value management have operated in parallel with limited intersections. However, after the 2015 Paris Agreement set the goal of achieving net-zero emissions, carbon management has become integral to national strategies, necessitating a re-evaluation of traditional value chains. In this paper, the “energy value chain” is introduced, a novel concept that integrates energy consumption with value creation and carbon emissions, emphasizing the coupling relationships among “energy flow”, “value flow”, and “carbon flow.” From a review of current value chains in the power, steel, petroleum, and transportation industries, the specific energy value chain for each industry is defined and its rationale and effectiveness are discussed. This integrated analytical method provides a strategic tool for industries or enterprises to optimize energy consumption, reduce carbon emissions, and enhance competitive advantage.