bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in catalytic Wittig-type reactions based on P(III)/P(V) redox cycling
Authors: Longwitz Lars , Werner Thomas
Published: December 2018

Numerous organic transformations are based on the use of stoichiometric amounts of phosphorus reagents. The formation of phosphane oxides from phosphanes is usually the thermodynamic driving force for these reactions. The stoichiometric amounts of phosphane oxide which are formed as by-products often significantly hamper the product purification. Organophosphorus catalysis based on P(III)/P(V) redox cycling aims to address these problems. Herein we present our recent advances in developing catalytic Wittig-type reactions. More specifically, we reported our results on catalytic Wittig reactions based on readily available Bu3P=O as pre-catalyst as well as the first microwave-assisted version of this reaction and the first enantioselective catalytic Wittig reaction utilizing chiral phosphane catalysts. Further developments led to the implementation of catalytic base-free Wittig reactions yielding highly functionalized alkylidene and arylidene succinates.
Chemical space of naturally occurring compounds
Authors: Saldívar-González Fernanda I. , Pilón-Jiménez B. Angélica , Medina-Franco José L.
Published: December 2018

The chemical space of naturally occurring compounds is vast and diverse. Other than biologics, naturally occurring small molecules include a large variety of compounds covering natural products from different sources such as plant, marine, and fungi, to name a few, and several food chemicals. The systematic exploration of the chemical space of naturally occurring compounds have significant implications in many areas of research including but not limited to drug discovery, nutrition, bio- and chemical diversity analysis. The exploration of the coverage and diversity of the chemical space of compound databases can be carried out in different ways. The approach will largely depend on the criteria to define the chemical space that is commonly selected based on the goals of the study. This chapter discusses major compound databases of natural products and cheminformatics strategies that have been used to characterize the chemical space of natural products. Recent exemplary studies of the chemical space of natural products from different sources and their relationships with other compounds are also discussed. We also present novel chemical descriptors and data mining approaches that are emerging to characterize the chemical space of naturally occurring compounds.
Thorium oxide dissolution in HNO3-HF mixture: kinetics and mechanism
Authors: Simonnet Marie , Barré Nicole , Drot Romuald , Le Naour Claire , Sladkov Vladimir , Delpech Sylvie
Published: December 2018

This paper is an attempt to find out thorium oxide dissolution mechanism in HNO3-HF mixture. In a previous paper, several parameters effects on thorium oxide dissolution have been described, with specific focus on hydrofluoric acid effect, which can lead to an increase of the dissolution rate if present in small amount, but precipitates as ThF4 at higher content. Based on this previous study, experimental data were fitted using several dissolution models in order to find out the best one. Finally, a revisited model based on literature and considering the ThF4 formation was proposed. It describes the main steps of dissolution and is able to fit the experimental data for a wide range of solution compositions. This point is crucial since it allows considering an extrapolation of the established model to not-yet-studied conditions.
Totemismus und Gesellschaft
Authors: Endres Johannes
Published: December 2018

Sergei Eisenstein’s visit to Hollywood and Mexico, from 1930 to 1932, finds the famous director in rather unfamiliar territory. While his stay yielded little artistic output, in the form of an unfinished movie on Mexico, his theoretical reflections on American film and its foremost champions, Charlie Chaplin and Walt Disney, count among the most fascinating, yet also contentious elements of Eisenstein’s intellectual biography. A central part of his American aesthetics is his theory of »totemism«, which he develops in an intricate dialogue with the various encounters on his journey as well as from a plethora of literary references that seems to betray the agenda of his communist beginnings. The article argues that, despite its mystical overtones and logical contradictions, Eisenstein’s theory of »totemism« remains connected to his earlier convictions through an attempt to reconcile his new insights with a critical social or sociological theory.
»Within the four walls of my pain«
Authors: Fruzińska Justyna
Published: December 2018

The article explores the experience of physical and mental illness in the works of two 20th-century Polish poets, Aleksander Wat and Eugeniusz Tkaczyszyn-Dycki. Wat’s writing concentrates around his neurological disorder and the feeling of isolation it induces. Dycki, on the other hand, constructs the speaking persona of his poems around schizophrenia. He creates his own characteristic poetic diction, full of obsessive repetitions, which is meant to embody mental illness in a textual form. The article looks at how different aspects of suffering are expressed in modern Polish poetry, based on the example of two representative and well-known authors dealing with illness.
Schlacht und Struktur
Authors: van de Löcht Joana
Published: December 2018

This article assesses how historical events play an important role for the narratological structure of Hans Jacob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen’s Simplicissimus Teutsch and Courasche. Furthermore, it asks whether it was possible for the contemporary literate reader to foresee parts of the books’ plots based on his historical knowledge. The plot devices thought to be most promising for such an analysis were descriptions of battles in which the main characters were engaged. It can be shown that battles, as datable and locatable events, allow the reader to estimate the duration between certain parts of the story line.
Who was Onymacles the Athenian? (Alcaeus 130b V. = 130.16–39 LP)
Authors: Tsantsanoglou Kyriakos
Published: December 2018

The author’s aim is to shed light upon the first three stanzas of Alcaeus’ fr. 130b, which describe the conditions faced by the poet while living in exile. Some parallel texts (POxy. 3711, Alc. fr. 401B) are helpful, but they, as well as POxy. 2165, the sole testimony of fr. 130b, must be read or interpreted in places differently than before. Among the new observations is the suggestion that the place of Alcaeus’ first exile is the city of Aenos in Thrace. Also, Ὀνυμακλέης ὠθάναιος, like whom Alcaeus declares that he lives in exile, is but a name made up by the poet as his personal alias with wordplays, firstly on his familial and personal eminence, and secondly on the incident of his thrown away armour in the battle over Sigeion and its hanging in front of the Athena temple by the Athenians.
Voices of the dead: Underworld narratives in Bacchylides’ Ode 5 and Odyssey 11
Authors: Gazis George A.
Published: December 2018

This article identifies the influence of the Homeric ‘Poetics of Hades’ in Greek Lyric and argues for an aetiological relationship between the persistent presentation of the lyric poet’s subjective voice and the freedom of speech introduced in Homer’s Underworld. The article demonstrates this relationship through an examination of Bacchylides’ Ode 5 and argues that the lyric poet consciously innovates upon Homer’s underworld narratives by allowing his Meleager to occupy the stage and takes the audience through his agonising last minutes by describing what dying feels like in his own voice. In doing so, Bacchylides presents his audeience with a Meleager who glosses over his heroic actions and moments of glory in favour for a more emotional and subjective view of his past, filled with regret and self-pity. In this respect the hero is no different from the ghost of Achilles who dismisses honour after death for the simple privilege of seeing the light of the sun, or Agamemnon who is consumed by the memory of his wife’s treachery while having nothing to say about his glorious exploits at Troy. This powerful retelling of the story of a great epic hero of the past looks, I argue, simultaneously backwards and forwards, since on the one hand it is inherited from Homer’s ‘Poetics of Hades’, while on the other, it anticipates the emotional and unmediated voices of the heroes and heroines of the tragic stage.
Structure of solid chlorine at 1.45 GPa
Authors: Henry Laura , Svitlyk Volodymyr , Garbarino Gaston , Sifre David , Mezouar Mohamed
Published: December 2018

Single crystals of solid chlorine (Cl2) were synthesized at room temperature and high pressure (HP, P=1.45 GPa) in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). At these conditions Cl2 adapts the same structure as its corresponding low-temperature (LT) ambient pressure modification (T<172 K), as concluded from HP single crystal diffraction experiments. Namely, it crystallizes in an orthorhombic symmetry (Cmce spacegroup) with Cl2 molecules forming monolayers parallel to the bc plane and this structure is preserved up to at least 64 GPa. The pressure of 1.45 GPa is to be considered as a solidification point of liquid Cl2 at room temperature.
Using Stimulated Echo in Magnetic Resonance for Research of Correlation and Exchange
Authors: Sinyavsky N.Ya. , Kostrikova N.A.
Published: December 2018

A new method of quantitative estimation of the exchange constants of magnetisations between different states by means of cross peaks on a T
1–T
2 topogram obtained from stimulated echo experiments for nuclear quadrupole and nuclear magnetic resonances is proposed.
Synthesis, crystal structure, photoluminescence and photochemistry of bis(triphenylphosphine)silver(I) flavonolate
Authors: Vogler Arnd , Hischa Birgit
Published: December 2018

The complex Ag(I)(flavonolate)(PPh3)2 has been prepared and characterized including the crystal structure. This compound shows in degassed solution two emission bands, a fluorescence at λ
max=505 nm and a phosphorescence at λ
max=780 nm. Both emissions originate from lowest-energy flavonolate intraligand excited singlet and triplet states, respectively. In the presence of oxygen, the phosphorescence disappears and the complex becomes light-sensitive. The flavonolate ligand undergoes a photooxidation by oxygen.
Puncta of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) Mediate NMDA Receptor Signaling in the Auditory Midbrain
Authors: Olthof Bas M.J. , Gartside Sarah E. , Rees Adrian
Published: December 2018

Nitric oxide (NO) is a neurotransmitter synthesized in the brain by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Using immunohistochemistry and confocal imaging in the inferior colliculus (IC, auditory midbrain) of the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus, male and female), we show that nNOS occurs in two distinct cellular distributions. We confirm that, in the cortices of the IC, a subset of neurons show cytoplasmic labeling for nNOS, whereas in the central nucleus (ICc), such neurons are not present. However, we demonstrate that all neurons in the ICcdo in fact express nNOS in the form of discrete puncta found at the cell membrane. Our multi-labeling studies reveal that nNOS puncta form multiprotein complexes with NMDA receptors, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), and PSD95. These complexes are found apposed to glutamatergic terminals, which is indicative of synaptic function. Interestingly, these glutamatergic terminals express both vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 denoting a specific source of brainstem inputs. Within vivoelectrophysiological recordings of multiunit activity in the ICc, we found that local application of NMDA enhances sound-driven activity in a concentration-dependent and reversible fashion. This response is abolished by blockade of nNOS or sGC, indicating that the NMDA effect is mediated solely via the NO and cGMP signaling pathway. This discovery of a ubiquitous, but highly localized, expression of nNOS throughout the ICcand demonstration of the dramatic influence of the NMDA activated NO pathway on sound-driven neuronal activity imply a key role for NO signaling in auditory processing.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe show that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), the enzyme that synthesizes nitric oxide (NO), occurs as puncta in apparently all neurons in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICc) in the auditory midbrain. Punctate nNOS appears at glutamatergic synapses in a complex with glutamate NMDA receptors (NMDA-Rs), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC, the NO receptor), and PSD95 (a protein that anchors receptors and enzymes at the postsynaptic density). We show that NMDA-R modulation of sound-driven activity in the ICcis solely mediated by activation of nNOS and sGC. The presence of nNOS throughout this sensory nucleus argues for a major role of NO in hearing. Furthermore, this punctate form of nNOS expression may exist and have gone unnoticed in other brain regions.
ŞEKERLEME TEKNOLOJİSİNDE FONKSİYONEL ÜRÜN ÜRETİMİ
Authors: GÜNEŞ Recep , PALABIYIK İbrahim , KURULTAY Şefik
Published: December 2018

Şekerleme endüstrisi, listenin neredeyse sınırsız
olduğu, her yaş grubu tarafından talep gören, açlık ve susuzluğu gidermenin
ötesinde özellikle haz almak amacıyla tüketilen çeşitli ürünleri içermektedir.
Söz konusu ürünlerin yüksek kalorili olması, aşırı tüketimlerinin özellikle
fazla şeker alımı ile ilişkilendirilebilen çeşitli hastalıklara neden olması ve
tüketicilerin daha sağlıklı ürün gruplarına yönelmesi gibi nedenler, diğer gıda
sektörlerinde olduğu gibi bu sektörde de üretilen ürünlere yönelik birtakım
değişikliklerin yapılmasını zorunlu kılmıştır. Bu bakımdan günümüzde
araştırmacılar, sektörde var olan şekerleme ürünlerinin üretiminde ve ürün
içeriğinde değişiklikler yapıp, farklı ve yenilikçi yaklaşımlar kullanarak
henüz yeni olan fonksiyonel şekerleme ürünlerinin üretimi üzerinde
çalışmaktadırlar. Bu çalışma kapsamında, şekerleme endüstrisinde yoğun bir
şekilde üretilen ve oldukça rağbet gören, sert şeker, yumuşak şeker, çikolata
ve sakız ürünlerine fonksiyonellik kazandırılması amacıyla yapılan bilimsel
çalışmalar derlenmiştir.
PEKTİN; KAYNAKLARI VE EKSTRAKSİYON YÖNTEMLERİ
Authors: ATALAY Derya , TÜRKEN Tuğba , ERGE Hande Selen
Published: December 2018

Bir heteropolisakkarit olan pektin; kıvam verici,
jelleştirici, emülsifiye edici ve stabilize edici özelliklere sahip olmasından
dolayı gıda endüstrisinde katkı maddesi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ticari
pektinler, genellikle turunçgil kabuğu, elma posası ve daha az oranda şeker
pancarı posasından üretilmektedir. Pektinin, posa veya kabuklardan ekstrakte
edilmesinde kullanılan en yaygın ve geleneksel yöntem asitle ekstraksiyondur.
Son yıllarda, pektin kaynaklarının yetersiz olması ve asit ekstraksiyonunun
dezavantajlarından dolayı hem yeni kaynak hem de yeni ekstraksiyon yöntemi
araştırmaları önem kazanmıştır. Özellikle, meyve ve sebze işletmeleri
artıklarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla nar, üzüm, havuç gibi yeni hammadde
kaynakları ile ekstraksiyon verimini artıracak mikrodalga destekli
ekstraksiyon, ultrasonik destekli ekstraksiyon ve sub-kritik su ekstraksiyonu
gibi yenilikçi teknolojilerin kullanımı çalışmalarda yer edinmiştir. Bu derleme
kapsamında, son yıllarda dikkat çeken farklı pektin kaynakları ve ekstraksiyon
yöntemleri derlenmiştir.
Association of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism with Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy in Gaza Strip-Palestine
Authors: Abuaisha Asmaa Mahmoud , Abou Marzoq Lamia Faisal , Fayyad Eman Saad , Eljbour Mai Sufian , Baraka Abeer Kamal
Published: December 2018

Introduction: The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of 287 bp Alu repeat sequence in intron 16 of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) gene resulting in three genotypes I/D, D/D and I/I. ACE gene expression is associated with ACE levels in cells and in the plasma. It indicated that the polymorphism may modulate the expression of the ACE gene. The D/D genotype is believed to confer deleterious effect to many pathogenesis, also, it might be a cause-effect for type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN). In this study, we evaluated the frequency of the different genotypes of ACE gene and investigated if there is an association between ACE gene polymorphism and T2DN by comparing the genotypes results of T2DN patients to healthy control, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nephropathy patients in Gaza Strip.

Methodology: The study included 170 subjects, consisting of 43 T2DM patients undergoing dialysis "T2DN" compared to 41 T2DM patients who were not undergoing dialysis, 43 patients undergoing dialysis without T2DM and 43 healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes for DNA extraction. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to detect ACE gene polymorphism. All subjects were asked to fill the questionnaire interview.

Results and Conclusion: The initial results showed that there is no statistically significant association between ACE genotypes and T2DN, also between the T2DM and nephropathy when compared to the healthy control (p> 0.05). The (D/D) genotype was the most frequent in all study groups. Moreover, no association was observed between ACE genotypes and gender, diabetic nephropathy, nephropathy, diabetes, hypertension, obesity and various other diabetes complications.
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation enhances positive changes in movement functions, visual attention and depression of patients with chronic ischemic stroke: A clinical trial
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Seyed Ahmad , Mazhari Shahrzad , Najafi Kiomars , Ahmadi Meysam , Aghaei Iraj , Khaksarian Mojtaba
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Stroke is one of the most serious and debilitating diseases in our society. Stroke survivors can suffer several neurological impairments. They typically show pathological changes in neural functions of brain areas. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can be applied to modify cerebral excitability and has been recently applied in the treatment of neuropsychological and neurological disorders. The aim of the study herein was to evaluate changes in movement and cognitive functions of chronic ischemic stroke patients using anodic and cathodic tDCS.

Method: In this clinical trial, 100 patients with chronic ischemic stroke were divided in 4 groups (control, sham, anodic tDCS, and cathodic tDCS; n=25 per group). The patients underwent routine treatment and received the same tDCS protocol (3 times per week of 30-min sessions during one month). Movement and cognitive functions were evaluated using the NIHSS Scale & Trail Making Test and the Beck Test, before and after 1 and 3 months of tDCS sessions. All data were analyzed by 2-way repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS program (version 18).

Results: The results showed that there were significant increases (P<0.001) in NIHSS score and Barthel index between anodic group versus control, sham, or cathodic group, at various timepoints (before vs. 1 month after tDCS, 1 month vs. 3 months after tDCS, and before vs. 3 months after tDCS). Furthermore, there were significant decreases (P<0.001) between anodic group versus control, sham, or cathodic group, at the various timepoints (before vs. 1 month after tDCS, 1 month vs. 3 months after tDCS, and before vs. 3 months after tDCS).

Conclusion: Anodic tDCS has advantageous effects on movement and cognitive rehabilitation in stroke patients, but future studies are needed to further discern the differences and develop precise treatment protocols.
Blanco, Carlos. Historia de la neurociencia: el conocimiento del cerebro y la mente desde una perspectiva inter-disciplinar
Authors: Sánchez Camilo Enrique
Published: December 2018

Blanco, Carlos. Historia de la neurociencia: el conocimiento del cerebro y la mente desde una perspectiva inter-disciplinar. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva, 2014. 296 pp.
Panikkar, Raimon. La religión, el mundo y el cuerpo
Authors: Martínez Bejarano Nicolás
Published: December 2018

Panikkar, Raimon. La religión, el mundo y el cuerpo. Trads. Antoni Martínez Riu, Julio Trebolle Barrera y Martín Molinero. Barcelona: Herder, 2014. 156 pp.
Ames, Roger. Confucian Role Ethics: A Vocabulary
Authors: Barrera Rubio Sara
Published: December 2018

Ames, Roger. Confucian Role Ethics: A Vocabulary. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2011. 332 pp.
Respuesta al comentario de David Camilo Téllez Guzmán. “Berkeley: el papel de Dios en la teoría de la visión.”
Authors: Luis Alberto
Published: December 2018

Respuesta al comentario de David Camilo Téllez Guzmán. “Berkeley: el papel de Dios en la teoría de la visión.”Ideas y Valores 65.161 (2016): 417-419.
Antropogén hatások becslése hazai talajokban felszínborítási adatok és WRB diagnosztika alapján
Authors: Novák Tibor József , Incze József
Published: December 2018

A WRB diagnosztikai elemeit és a felszínborítási adatokat kombinálva a talajokat ért antropogén hatás mértéke szerint négy csoportot alkottunk: 1. nincs talaj, 2. antropogén eredetű talaj, 3. természetes talaj, de lényeges antropogén bélyegekkel, illetve 4. természetes talaj. A négy csoport valamelyikéhez egyértelműen hozzárendelhető a felszínborítási osztályok mindegyike. Az általunk kidolgozott módszer segítségével értékeltük Magyarország talajtakarójának természetességét. Az ország területének 2%-án nem számolhatunk a FAO által definiált értelemben talaj létével, 6%-án antropogén talajok várhatók (Anthrosol, vagy Technosol), 66%-án a természetes talajok antropogén átalakítottsága eléri a WRB diagnosztikai határértékeit, és mindössze 26% azon talajok aránya, amelyekben antropogén hatások a diagnosztikában nem jelennek meg, azaz természetes vagy természetközeli állapotúként értékelhetők. Talajtípusok tekintetében legnagyobb mértékű emberi hatással a csernozjomok, réti és öntés talajok esetében számolhatunk, míg természetközeli állapotú talajok legnagyobb kiterjedésben a kőzethatású és váztalajokon maradtak fenn. A területi különbségek is jelentősek: míg legnagyobb arányban a Hajdúságon és a Körös-Maros közén találunk antropogén hatásokkal érintett talajokat, addig a természetközeli állapotú talajok aránya az Északi-középhegység egyes hegyvidéki területein a legnagyobb.

Módszerünk csak becslésre alkalmas, mégis jó áttekintést ad a hazai talajok antropogén átalakítottságának mértékéről, az emberi tevékenység, mint hatodik talajképző tényező jelentőségéről, intenzitásának térbeli eloszlásáról, amely a hazai talajtani adottságoknak egy eddig kevéssé vizsgált aspektusa.
Obtaining quality data using behavioral measures of impulsivity in gambling research with Amazon’s Mechanical Turk
Authors: Schluter Magdalen G. , Kim Hyoun S. , Hodgins David C.
Published: December 2018

Background and aims

To date, no research has examined the viability of using behavioral tasks typical of cognitive and neuropsychology within addiction populations through online recruitment methods. Therefore, we examined the reliability and validity of three behavioral tasks of impulsivity common in addiction research in a sample of individuals with a current or past history of problem gambling recruited online.

Methods

Using a two-stage recruitment process, a final sample of 110 participants with a history of problem or disordered gambling were recruited through MTurk and completed self-report questionnaires of gambling involvement symptomology, a Delay Discounting Task (DDT), Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), Cued Go/No-Go Task, and the UPPS-P.

Results

Participants demonstrated logically consistent responding on the DDT. The area under the empirical discounting curve (AUC) ranged from 0.02 to 0.88 (M = 0.23). The BART demonstrated good split-third reliability (ρs = 0.67 to 0.78). The tasks generally showed small correlations with each other (ρs = ±0.06 to 0.19) and with UPPS-P subscales (ρs = ±0.01 to 0.20).

Discussion and conclusions

The behavioral tasks demonstrated good divergent validity. Correlation magnitudes between behavioral tasks and UPPS-P scales and mean scores on these measures were generally consistent with the existing literature. Behavioral tasks of impulsivity appear to have utility for use with problem and disordered gambling samples collected online, allowing researchers a cost efficient and rapid avenue for conducting behavioral research with gamblers. We conclude with best-practice recommendations for using behavioral tasks using crowdsourcing samples.
A PRISM-D rajzteszt alkalmazása a daganatos betegséggel összefüggő érzelmi és kognitív reprezentációk komplex vizsgálatára
Authors: Sándor Zita , Csabai Márta
Published: December 2018

Abstract:

Introduction: Studying the psychological experience and the individual interpretation of a serious illness is an important task, as these factors can affect coping strategies and the psychological and somatic outcome of the illness. In clinical practice, to screen out maladaptive reactions and to effectively plan the psychological interventions, we need measuring tools that can be applied among a wide range of patients and can measure the illness-related emotional and cognitive representations in detail. Aim: The aim of our study was to examine the applicability of the drawing test version (PRISM-D) we developed from the Pictorial Representations of Illness and Self Measure test and its posttest in clinical practice among cancer patients. Method: We applied the Pictorial Representations of Illness and Self Measure drawing test and its posttest for 150 cancer patients undergoing hospital treatment. Results: According to the quantitative data from the tests, patients underwent considerable suffering from illness, however, there was a large heterogeneity in the level of suffering in the sample. The majority of the patients in the sample associated negative feelings to their illness, such as distress, fear, sadness, uncertainty. As for illness representations, they interpreted their illness as a sign, a difficulty, a task to solve, a struggle, a loss, an adversity or a personal failure. The size and placement of the circle symbolizing the illness can be used to identify patient reactions to deny or understate illness as well as patients who experience their illness very seriously. This information is crucial in the understanding of illness behavior and the coping with illness. Conclusions: Our study has supported this test as a measuring tool which is well applicable to quickly gain complex information both in clinical practice and in research, to measure illness-related emotional and cognitive representations, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(48): 2021–2030.
A fogpótláskészítés szempontjai biszfoszfonáttal kezelt idős páciens esetén
Authors: Bata Zsófia , Vasziné Szabó Enikő , Tóth Zsuzsanna
Published: December 2018

Abstract:

Recently, drugs targeting the remodelling, vascular circulation and homeostasis of bone are frequently applied with an unquestionable benefit in the therapy of numerous severe medical conditions. Besides bisphosphonates, other antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs are also used, however, limited publications are focusing on data of their results. Increasing number of patients arrives the mentioned medication is increasing in the daily dental practice, especially when accurate anamnesis is taken. Our aim is to highlight the preventive considerations that help minimize the occurence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw by presentating a complex dental rehabilitation of a patient at risk. The synchronization of dental surgery, conservative and prosthodontic treatment is essential in the case of an elderly patient having many concomitant disorders. Our aim is also to draw the attention of our colleagues working on different medical fields to the timing of dental procedures. The best and simplest way to prevent jaw necrosis is to achieve good oral health and hygiene before the introduction of antiresorptive therapy. If, however, our patient is already taking this medication, we still have a chance to prevent the appearance of this devastating condition by following the preventive measures. The medication-related necrosis of the jaw is a severe condition leading to a decreased life quality and having a reduced healing expectancy. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(48): 2031–2036.
Az ortopédiai nagyműtétek során alkalmazott terápiás szuggesztiók hatása a beteg gyógyulására
Authors: Szeverényi Csenge , Csernátony Zoltán , Balogh Ágnes , Simon Tünde , Kekecs Zoltán , Varga Katalin
Published: December 2018

Abstract:

Introduction and aim: Hip and knee replacement surgery is very demanding for patients. Medication consumption is further increased by perioperative anxiety. Besides pain killer and anxiolytic medications, patients’ recovery can be enhanced by applying therapeutic suggestions, which are easily applicable during the patient–physician communication. Method: In our prospective, randomized, controlled study we examined the effects of positive suggestions on patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty in spinal anaesthesia. Members of the suggestion group received the therapeutic suggestions during a pre-surgery physician visit, and by listening to an audio recording during surgery. Results: Compared to the control group (n = 50), in the suggestion group (n = 45) the need of medication (pain killer and adjuvant pain medication) during the surgery was lower (p = 0.037), the mean change from baseline in the well-being of the patients was better on the 2nd [1.31 (0.57; 2.04); p<0.001] and 4th [0.97 (0.23; 1.7); p = 0.011] postoperative day and less transfusion had to be administered (OR: 2.37; p = 0.004). However, there was no difference between the two groups in the postoperative need of medications, in the length of hospitalisation and in the frequency of complications. Conslusion: Our results indicate that the administration of therapeutic suggestions in the perioperative period may be beneficial for orthopaedic surgery patients. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(48): 2011–2020.
Making progress on identifying those who aren’t making progress: Using situational judgment tests to predict those at risk for remediation and attrition
Authors: Gardner Aimee , Dunkin Brian
Published: December 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. IntroductionThere is little evidence on tools that can be used to identify individuals most at risk for remediation and attrition in postgraduate surgical training. We explore the extent to which a situational judgment test (SJT) can predict which trainees are likely to require remediation or leave the program.MethodsPostgraduate trainees in a single general surgery residency program in the United States completed a 50-item SJT. Data regarding remediation actions and attrition were retrieved from the program for the two years following completion of the assessment. United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores were also included to examine their ability to predict remediation and attrition.ResultsComplete data was available from fifty-two of 56 (92%) residents in the program. Twenty-one percent (11/52) of residents required at least one remediation intervention within the one (for PGY5s) to two years after completing the SJT. Mann-Whitney U tests revealed a significant difference in SJT performance between those needing remediation versus those who did not require remediation, such that those requiring remediation performed worse on the assessment (p Conclusions These data demonstrate that SJTs can be created to effectively identify surgery residents most at risk for remediation across a two-year timeframe. These data provide an additional layer of validity evidence to support the role of SJTs in surgical education and align with other studies failing to find linkages between USMLE scores and residency performance criterion.
Student-Athlete Career Development through Community Service: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Martin Jackson Zane
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine, through a retrospective lens, the effects that collegiate community service has on the career development of student-athletes under the umbrella of functional motivation theory. To do so, researchers analyzed the career development of seven former Southeastern Conference (SEC) student-athletes who were awarded membership to the SEC Community Service team through both individual and team contributions. NCAA Division-I student-athletes face hindrances through time restraints but also have resources designed to enhance academic and vocational development, such as the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s Life Skills program (formerly CHAMPS). Through phone interviews focused on reflective collegiate community service and career development, several themes emerged. For collegiate community service the most common themes were: Service Settings, Current Service, and Time Restraints. For career development, the major themes were: Working with Diverse Groups, Scholarship and Admittance into Graduate Programs, and Career Choice/Personal Values. In analysis, the majority of the discovered themes align firmly with the National Association of College and Employer’s (NACE) career readiness competencies.
VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AND PARATOHOMMONIUM INCREASE IN LATE POSTOPERATIVE GASTRIC BYPASS IN ROUX-EN-Y
Authors: MÔNACO-FERREIRA Daniela Vicinansa , LEANDRO-MERHI Vânia Aparecida , ARANHA Nilton César , BRANDALISE Andre , BRANDALISE Nelson Ary
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Background : Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients can experience changes in calcium metabolism and hyperparathyroidism secondary to vitamin D deficiency. Aim : To evaluate nutritional deficiencies related to the calcium metabolism of patients undergoing gastric bypass with a 10-year follow-up. Method : This is a longitudinal retrospective study of patients submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at a multidisciplinary clinic located in the Brazilian southeast region. The study investigated the results of the following biochemical tests: serum calcium, ionized calcium, vitamin D, and parathormone (PTH). The generalized estimating equations (GEE) determined the nutritional deficiencies using a significance level of 5%. Results : Among the patients who finished the study (120 months), 82.86% (n=29) had vitamin D deficiency, and 41.94% (n=13) had high PTH. Postoperative time had a significant effect on PTH (p=0.0059). The percentages of patients with vitamin D, serum calcium, and ionized calcium deficiencies did not change significantly over time. Conclusion : One of the outcomes was vitamin D deficiency associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism. These findings reaffirm the importance of monitoring the bone metabolism of patients submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. HEADINGS: Calcium deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency. Secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar como promotor de Sistemas Alimentares Locais, Saudáveis e Sustentáveis: uma avaliação da execução financeira
Authors: Soares Panmela , Martinelli Suellen Secchi , Fabri Rafaela Karen , Veiros Marcela Boro , Davó-Blanes Mari Carmen , Cavalli Suzi Barletto
Published: December 2018

Resumo O objetivo foi analisar o investimento financeiro para a aquisição de alimentos destinados à alimentação escolar em um município no Sul do Brasil. As licitações, as chamadas públicas e a prestação de contas do PNAE foram analisadas por meio das variáveis: I) valores de complementação financeira do município; II) percentual de recursos destinado à compra de alimentos da Agricultura Familiar (AF) e aos alimentos Recomendados, Restritos, Proibidos e outros. Comparação de proporções foi o teste utilizado para identificar diferenças entre investimentos. A complementação financeira do município denotou 65% do total. O valor total empregado para a aquisição de alimentos foi: 65,5% Recomendados, 27,9% Restritos, 6,5% Outros e 0% Proibidos. Os gastos com alimentos Recomendados foram maiores (p < 0,001) do que com os demais grupos. A AF forneceu exclusivamente alimentos Recomendados, representando 12,1% do investimento total (municipal e federal) e 29,5% dos recursos federais. A compra direta da AF contribuiu para aquisição de alimentos Recomendados. A complementação financeira do município não foi direcionada à AF, podendo comprometer o potencial do programa de alimentação escolar na promoção de sistemas agroalimentares sustentáveis, saudáveis e locais.
Associação entre excesso de peso e alterações lipídicas em adolescentes
Authors: Enes Carla Cristina , Silva Jessica Rondoni
Published: December 2018

Resumo O estudo estimou a prevalência de alterações lipídicas entre adolescentes e investigou sua associação com o excesso de peso e com a obesidade abdominal. Foi um estudo transversal realizado com 525 adolescentes de Piracicaba (SP). Foram obtidas informações antropométricas (índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura e relação cintura estatura) e bioquímicas (colesterol total e frações, triglicerídeos). A associação entre alterações no perfil lipídico e indicadores antropométricos foi testada pela regressão logística. Aproximadamente 81% dos adolescentes apresentaram alteração em pelo menos uma fração lipídica. Verificou-se que houve associação entre RCEst aumentada e alteração do perfil lipídico para colesterol total (OR = 2,00; IC 95% = 1,09-3,64) e para triglicerídeo (OR = 4,48; IC 95% = 2,03-9,89) após ajuste por sexo e idade. Não foram verificadas associações significativas das alterações no perfil lipídico com o excesso de peso e a CC. A elevada prevalência de alterações lipídicas e sua associação com a obesidade abdominal indicam que medidas de prevenção devem ser iniciadas na infância e na adolescência com o intuito de reduzir a ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares.
Associação entre maus-tratos familiares e excesso de peso e de gordura em escolares do município do Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil
Authors: Silva Ana Maria Vieira Lourenço da , Hasselmann Maria Helena
Published: December 2018

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre maus-tratos na família e excesso de peso, de gordura corporal e de gordura abdominal dos adolescentes da rede pública de ensino de município do Rio de Janeiro – Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal que utiliza dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção à Saúde de Adolescentes, realizado em 2007, pelo município do Rio de Janeiro. A amostra foi composta por 1.628 escolares de 13 a 19 anos, de ambos os sexos, cursando o 9˚ ano do ensino fundamental. O excesso de peso, de gordura corporal e de gordura abdominal (desfechos) e os maus-tratos familiares (a agressão física e verbal) foram avaliados. A associação entre os maus-tratos e os desfechos foi realizada via modelos de regressão logística. Os maus-tratos apresentaram uma relação inversa com o excesso de peso e o de gordura para as meninas, mas somente a agressão física se associou significativamente com o excesso de peso (RC = 0,499; IC = 0,212-0,951). Já para os meninos, os resultados apontaram para o excesso de peso e de gordura mas sem significância estatística. Políticas de saúde devem considerar as diferenças existentes entre os gêneros no enfrentamento às experiências de violência que possam influenciar a saúde e o bem-estar do adolescente.
Níveis insuficientes de atividade física de adolescentes associados a fatores sociodemográficos, ambientais e escolares
Authors: Silva Juliana da , Andrade Alexandro , Capistrano Renata , Lisboa Tailine , Andrade Rubian Diego , Felden Érico Pereira Gomes , Beltrame Thais Silva
Published: December 2018

Resumo Este estudo investigou as associações entre o nível de atividade física com os fatores sociodemográficos, ambientais e escolares de adolescentes. Participaram 2.545 jovens de 14 a 18 anos dos municípios da Grande Florianópolis. Foi utilizada a versão curta do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ). A prevalência de jovens inativos foi de 48,6%, sendo maior no sexo feminino (53,9%). Para as moças, a inatividade física esteve associada com a falta de lugares apropriados e gratuitos para a prática de atividade física (OR = 1,30 IC95%1,05-1,82), independente da influência das outras variáveis. Já para os rapazes, aqueles que não possuíam atividade profissional (OR = 1,54 IC95%1,14-2,08), mães de menor instrução (OR = 0,41 IC95% 0,27-0,75) ou mães com ensino superior (OR = 0,35 IC95% 0,17- 0,73), pertencentes a cidades de grande porte (OR = 1,64 IC95%1,17-2,31) e classificação socioeconômica baixa quando comparada à média (OR = 0,69 IC95% 0,49-0,97), apresentaram maior chance de inatividade física. Observou-se que as variáveis sociodemográficas estiveram associadas ao comportamento inativo dos rapazes e às variáveis ambientais se associaram a inatividade física das moças. Já dentre os fatores escolares, apenas a reprovação escolar foi associada com inatividade, e somente para as moças.
A nova classificação de alimentos: teoria, prática e dificuldades
Authors: Menegassi Bruna , Almeida Juliana Barros de , Olimpio Mi Ye Marcaida , Brunharo Marina Schiavinato Massei , Langa Fernanda Ramos
Published: December 2018

Resumo O objetivo desse trabalho foi expor a teoria, propor a prática e avaliar as dificuldades da nova classificação dos alimentos, apresentada na segunda edição do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Foi utilizado um questionário com uma lista de 30 alimentos divididos em quatro grupos: alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados (I), ingredientes culinários (C), processados (P) e ultraprocessados (U). Os participantes classificaram os alimentos antes e depois de um minicurso. O escore de classificações corretas na avaliação Global (C, I, U, P) foi significativamente maior depois (Mediana = 23) que antes do minicurso (Mediana = 13) (Teste dos Sinais de Wilcoxon; z = -7,33; p = 0,000; Delta de Cliff δ = 0,96). O baixo percentual de acertos antes do minicurso entre os participantes justifica ampla divulgação do tema e mais ações como essa para estudantes, profissionais e para a população em geral.
Confianza democrática y proceso de formulación de políticas públicas: el caso de la política hídrica de Cataluña
Authors: Brugué Quim , Gelis Jordi Feu , Güemes Cecilia
Published: December 2018

RESUMEN Introducción Bajo la premisa de que los sistemas político-administrativos democráticos funcionan a través de ciertas asignaciones de confianzas y desconfianzas, este artículo se propone reflexionar sobre una realidad en la que reina una doble desconfianza entre la ciudadanía y las administraciones públicas, con base en la elaboración y posterior aprobación, tras un proceso participativo, de los Planes de Gestión de las Cuencas Internas de Cataluña. Métodos Tras unos apartados de carácter teórico y analítico, se analiza el caso de la democratización de la política hídrica de Cataluña en el contexto de España y la normativa europea. Para ello se describe y relata brevemente la experiencia del proceso deliberativo para luego destacar los resultados alcanzados y las claves del éxito a la hora de destrabar las desconfianzas y formular una política pública. Resultados La hipótesis y principal hallazgo de la investigación es que, las condiciones que permiten generar confianza en los procesos deliberativos, son: diversidad de actores (interacción con el otro); reglas y procesos claramente definidos y vinculados a decisiones finales que se tomarán con ejercicio de autoridad; y actitudes de respeto. Discussão Lo significante del trabajo es ofrecer claves derivadas de un análisis empírico de un caso para pensar en cómo construir la doble confianza y alentar los procesos deliberativos que nuestras democracias necesitan. En dicha línea, el trabajo avanza en la construcción de una alternativa que, apelando a la participación ciudadana y deliberación entre ciudadanos y administradores públicos, genere una democratización de las decisiones públicas sin renunciar al imprescindible ejercicio de autoridad que implica aprobar cualquier política pública.
Hydrological calibration and validation of the MGB-IPH model for water resource management in the upper Teles Pires River basin in the Amazon-Cerrado ecotone in Brazil
Authors: OLIVEIRA Riene Filgueiras de , ZOLIN Cornélio Alberto , VICTORIA Daniel de Castro , LOPES Tarcio Rocha , VENDRUSCULO Laurimar Gonçalves , PAULINO Janaina
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT The upper Teles Pires River basin is located in the Brazilian agriculture frontier in the north of Mato Grosso state and has experienced significant changes in land use and cover, which can cause major changes in its hydrological dynamics. Climatic and hydrologic data are scarce in the region, which poses uncertainties in the decision-making process aiming at the sustainable management of water resources in this strategic area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Large-Scale Distributed Hydrological Model (MGB-IPH) to assess water availability of the upper Teles Pires basin and support water resource management in the Amazon-Cerrado ecotone. The MGB-IPH model was calibrated and validated using data from three streamflow stations available in the basin. In order to verify the model performance, the Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) and the PBIAS statistical parameters were applied. Our results show that, by using the MGB-IPH model with generally available data, the maximum and minimum flow regimes can be successfully assessed in the upper Teles Pires basin. The continuity curves of daily flow simulated by the model showed a good fit with the observed flow. Overall, the results demonstrated the applicability of the MGB-IPH model for water resource assessment and management in the basin.
Feeding frequency affects feed intake and growth in juvenile pirarucu (Arapaima gigas)
Authors: RODRIGUES Ana Paula Oeda , LIMA Adriana Ferreira , ANDRADE Caniggia Lacerda , MEDEIROS Rafaella Machado dos Santos de
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Pirarucu is one of the main fish species for the development of aquaculture in the Amazon. In this study, the optimal feeding frequency for juvenile pirarucu was assessed based on growth and feed efficiency. Juvenile pirarucu weighing ca. 80 g were fed once, twice, three or four times daily until apparent satiation for 63 days. Fish fed three or four times per day presented higher growth, feed intake, and fat body content than those fed once or twice per day. There was no significant difference for feed conversion ratio, and protein and energy retention rates among treatments, suggesting that increased feeding frequency did not affect feed utilization efficiency. Mean feed intake per meal was higher when fish were fed once per day, possibly causing hyperphagic behavior. Results suggest that feeding three times per day was sufficient to secure adequate feeding and growth of juvenile pirarucu.
Indigenous and traditional knowledge, sustainable harvest, and the long road ahead to reach the 2020 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation objectives
Authors: Hanazaki Natalia , Zank Sofia , Fonseca-Kruel Viviane Stern , Schmidt Isabel Belloni
Published: December 2018

Abstract Global strategies under the scope of CBD are important in guiding policies and resources for the conservation of biological diversity. This paper emphasized the need to develop actions under the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) with measurable results up to 2020, regarding the status and perspectives related to Targets 12 and 13, focusing on the Brazilian context in order to identify gaps and actions to achieve the goals for conservation and sustainable use of plants. It should be noted that Target 12 also covers logging, not necessarily directly related to indigenous peoples and traditional communities, but may threaten their livelihoods. In Brazil, scientific knowledge about the ecological effects of the harvesting of non-timber forest products is still limited, and few studies have contributed to the establishment of legal regulations for collection and management. With regard to target 13, which concerns traditional and indigenous knowledge about plant use and the dependence of these peoples on plants, there are still a lack of integrative and effective policy initiatives. However, considering the negative political context of recent decades and exacerbated in recent years in relation to biodiversity conservation and indigenous peoples and local communities, profound changes are necessary in the Brazilian scenario, with strong support and recognition for indigenous peoples and local communities, so that any objective related to the achievement of the goals of the GSPC is minimally achieved.