Study of toxicity of dishwashing detergents with antibacterial action on various experimental models
Authors:   Institute of Disinfectology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Bidevkina Marina Vasilevna , Matrosenko Margarita Vladimirovna ,   Institute of Disinfectology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Salimova Anna Dmitrievna ,   Institute of Disinfectology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Suetina Irina Aleksandrovna ,   Institute of Virology named after D.I. Ivanovsky of the Federal Scientific Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Mezentseva Marina Vladimirovna ,   Institute of Virology named after D.I. Ivanovsky of the Federal Scientific Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Baklanova Olga Vladimirovna ,   Institute of Virology named after D.I. Ivanovsky of the Federal Scientific Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Lopatina Olga Alekseevna ,   Institute of Virology named after D.I. Ivanovsky of the Federal Scientific Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

Synthetic detergents (SD) with the declared antibacterial action for washing dishes can be a source of harmful effects on the human body. The main components of SD are surface-active substances (surfactants). With single and repeated contact, detergents can have a moderate irritating effect on the skin, mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract, cause allergic reactions; when ingested, they cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, nausea, and vomiting. The objective of our study is to assess the toxicity of detergents with antibacterial action on various experimental models and select the most dangerous of them to study its chronic effects on laboratory animals. The cytotoxicity of 34 detergents was studied on three types of cell cultures: sperm suspension, green Monkey kidney cells (Vero) and hamster epithelial cells (HTK-1). Acute toxicity of the agents was determined when administered into the stomach and abdominal cavity of white mice. Among the cell cultures, HTK-1 cells were the most sensitive. The dependence of SD cytotoxicity on the presence of an antibacterial component is better seen on the sperm suspension. In addition, the study of commercial samples showed that almost half of them do not meet the requirements of MR29 FC/4746 of December 27, 2001 (hereinafter MR29 FC/4746) [1]. In this connection, it is necessary to continue the further studies for a more in-depth studying SD toxicity. Determination of DL50 values upon administration into the abdominal cavity allows us to distribute the products by the degree of toxicity, which seems difficult when determining the DL50 values of detergents with antibacterial action intragastrically. An average correlation dependence was revealed between DL50 upon intraperitoneal administration and the established MNR on HTK-1 cells.
Keywords: synthetic detergents, surfactants, cell culture, cytotoxicity, toxicity analyzer, white mice, toxicity.