bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of skewness and kurtosis of dangerous environmental parameters in the event of fire
Authors: Pospelov Boris , Andronov Vladimir , Bezuhla Yuliia , Lukysha Roman , Lutsenko Tatiana , Kozar Yurii , Kravtsov Mikhail , Gula Larisa , Nepsha Oleksandr , Zavialova Tetiana
Published: November 2023

The object of this study is the dynamics of skewness and kurtosis of the selective distribution of dangerous parameters of the gas environment in the current time when materials are ignited. The theoretical substantiation of the methodology for determining the dynamics of skewness and kurtosis based on a sample of an arbitrary size of dangerous parameters of the gas medium moving in the current time of observation has been performed. Thresholds for current skewness and kurtosis are determined depending on sample size and null hypothesis significance levels. The procedure makes it possible to investigate the peculiarities of the dynamics of skewness and kurtosis and to identify moments of time for which alternative hypotheses (stability of parameter dynamics) are valid. Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the dynamics of skewness and kurtosis in terms of carbon monoxide concentration, smoke density, and the temperature of the gas environment during the ignition of alcohol and textiles. The results indicate that the investigated dangerous parameters are generally not Gaussian in the observation interval. It was found that the nature of the dynamics of measures of the current sample distributions of dangerous parameters depends on the type of ignition material and the dangerous parameter. It was established that in the absence of ignition, the dynamics of skewness and kurtosis of dangerous parameters is characterized by different directional skewness and kurtosis. In the event of ignition, the dynamics of skewness and kurtosis are fluctuating (from –4 to 18), which indicates the instability of the development of the dangerous parameter over time. The specified procedure creates an opportunity to detect the instability of the development of a dangerous parameter, which in practice makes it possible to detect the occurrence of fires (with a given reliability) in order to eliminate them and prevent the occurrence of a fire
Design and evaluation of hollow frame structures for the development of urban-centric two-passenger electric vehicles
Authors: Tullah Muhammad Hidayat , Sumarsono Danardono Agus , Susanto Iwan , Zainuri Fuad , Prasetya Sonki , Noval Rahmat , Permana Sulaksana , Aprianto Bayu Dwi
Published: November 2023

This paper focuses on the design and evaluation of hollow frame structures for the development of two-passenger electric vehicles targeted for urban use. The primary problem addressed is the lack of focused research on efficient, lightweight, and safe electric vehicle frame designs, particularly for urban transportation needs. Through 3D simulation and Finite Element Analysis (FEA), this paper successfully develops a hollow frame design with dimensions of 2,148×800×640 mm and a weight of 40.77 kg that meets strength and stiffness criteria. The analysis shows that the design has an adequate safety margin with a safety factor of 2.053e+01. ASTM A36 steel is chosen as the material, balancing strength, stiffness, and cost. The results offer an innovative and practical solution to urban transportation issues, with broad potential applications in the electric vehicle industry. In particular, this study focuses on the specialized needs of urban-centric, two-passenger electric vehicles. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) used here serves as a robust validation method, effectively reducing the need for extensive physical testing. This accelerates the R&D process and opens possibilities for future studies on alternative materials and dynamic loading conditions. The study's limitations and future research directions are also discussed. Moreover, the study's computational methods offer an eco-friendly alternative to traditional physical prototypes. This aligns with sustainability goals and provides methodologies for future studies. With rising urban populations, the demand for efficient vehicles is increasing. This study paves the way for city-focused, two-passenger electric cars that meet modern urban needs and sustainability goals
Development of a multi-loop security system of information interactions in socio-cyberphysical systems
Authors: Yevseiev Serhii , Dzheniuk Nataliia , Tolkachov Maksym , Milov Oleksandr , Voitko Tetiana , Prygara Mykhailo , Shpak Oleksandr , Voropay Natalia , Volkov Andrii , Lezik Oleksandr
Published: November 2023

The object of the study is a multi-loop security system of information interactions in socio-cyberphysical systems. The dynamic nature of physical environments inherently challenges the ability of socio-cyber-physical systems to perform adequate control actions for physical assets in many contexts. However, adaptation and evolution actions must be evaluated before implementation in the control system to ensure fault tolerance while minimizing risks. Therefore, the design of socio-cyber-physical systems must ensure not only reliable autonomy, but also operational fault tolerance and safety. The proposed approach is based on the integration of targeted (mixed) threats based on the synthesis of technical cyber threats with social engineering methods. This approach allows forming a dynamic security model based on the analysis of the interaction of various agents in socio-cyberphysical systems, which makes it possible to increase the level of counteraction to targeted (mixed) cyber threats.
The results of modeling are based on the proposed classification of threats using social engineering methods, which allows cyberattackers to ensure the probability of implementing targeted threats up to 95–98 %. The proposed classification of threats based on social engineering methods will allow forming an additional parameter for the objectivity of target threats, taking into account their integration and synergy. At the same time, the presented model will make it possible to timely provide knowledge about the possibility of implementing a targeted attack and timely take preventive countermeasures. This approach will improve the set of protection measures, as well as promptly create an increase in the level of resistance of the company's personnel (organization, enterprise, etc.) to threats of social engineering
Power supply via fiber-optical conductor for sensors of mine working monitoring system
Authors: Mekhtiyev Ali , Dunayev Pavel , Neshina Yelena , Alkina Aliya , Aimagambetova Raushan , Mukhambetov Gabit , Kirichenko Lalita , Kazambayev Ilyas
Published: November 2023

The article describes a system of power transmission via fiber-optic cable, which allows the supply of power to sensors and other electronic devices of ultra-low power located in places of mining workings, for which the mandatory requirement is fire safety. The developed system will allow to replace the application of copper conductors. The result of this research is the developed laboratory bench that allows measuring the current and voltage parameters in the photodetector branch. The equivalent generator method has been used, as well as the known circuit laws with two dedicated nodes for an active two-terminal network. When analyzing the literature, the existing scientific achievements, and discoveries in the field of research, an own concept of research has been formed that is different from foreign analogs. During the experiment, the studies have been performed when the photodetector was in the short circuit, idle mode, and connected to a high-resistance load. Based on the results obtained, current-voltage characteristics (CVC) and histograms have been built using a radiation source (laser) with a power of 10 and 30 mW. The parameters and technical characteristics of the irradiated silicon crystal and the radiation source have been given. The obtained electrical power has been determined using the known laws of electrical engineering, including the Ohm law. To process the experimental data, there has been used quadratic interpolation of the function, the results of the root-mean-square approximation, and there has been carried out the regression analysis. Absolute and relative errors have been calculated. The Student coefficient has been determined with a confidence interval of 0.95. Based on the results of the study, the efficiency of the power transmission system has been determined
Expansion of the functional capacities of electrostatic mirror analyzers for electron spectroscopy
Authors: Kambarova Zhanar
Published: November 2023

Electron spectroscopy methods are widely used in scientific research and for technological purposes. The main element of spectrometers is an analyzer of charged particle beams. Electrostatic mirror systems are widely used due to their simpler practical realization. At their development two purposes were set: to improve the quality of spatial focusing of charged particles or to increase the value of linear energy dispersion. The objects of the study are electrostatic systems characterized by small sizes, simplicity of stabilization and localization of the working field and its shielding from the external electromagnetic disturbances. From all the known types of energy analyzers, suitable for the analysis of solid surfaces, preference is given to those that have good electron-optical properties, are simple in manufacture and operation. Therefore, spherical and cylindrical mirrors, which have become a basic tool for firms producing spectrometers, have been chosen as the object of study. The work solves the problem of expansion of the functional capacities of these systems by, firstly, combining several research methods in one device; and secondly, by solving specific narrower problems. A photoelectron or Auger spectrometer with an increased scanning area is proposed, where the initial angular opening of the beam 4° after passing a cylindrical mirror is increased to 10°, and the image smearing is reduced to 0.05 %. An Auger-electron spectrometer for analysis of rough surface has been developed, which allows to increase the probing depths by more than 5 times. A double filter type energy analyzer is calculated. Energy resolution was improved to 1.37 % by eliminating potential barrier smearing in low energy filter mode. Previously, the energy resolution was limited to 10 % due to this drawback
Revealing patterns in the behavior of a reinforced concrete slab in fire based on determining its stressed and deformed state
Authors: Sidnei Stanislav , Berezovskyi Andriy , Kasiarum Serhii , Lytvynenko Olha , Chastokolenko Ihor
Published: November 2023

The object of research is the fire resistance of reinforced concrete ribbed slabs. The subject of research is the effect of the level of mechanical load on the fire resistance of the studied reinforced concrete ribbed slab under the influence of fire. Currently, the assessment of the fire resistance of such structures using the tabular method is significantly limited by certain geometric parameters of these plates. It is also not considered possible to apply the zone method, since reinforced concrete ribbed slabs consist of components that receive thermal effects according to various scenarios and geometric parameters, which is not taken into account in Eurocode 2.
Experimental calculations carried out in the current work using a refined procedure involving the finite element method allow solving the actual scientific and technical problem related to the determination of the dependence of the fire resistance of these structures on the level of load applied.
The calculation of the temperature spread over a reinforced concrete ribbed slab under the influence of the standard temperature regime of fire was carried out using convection and radiant heat exchange, which is recommended by Eurocode 2. The iterative implicit Newton-Raphson method was used to solve the mechanical problem. Evaluation of fire resistance of reinforced concrete ribbed slabs was carried out according to the onset of signs of the limit state of fire resistance due to the loss of load-bearing capacity. According to the results, it was established that at 100 % load level of the structure under investigation, the critical deflection of more than 268 mm and the rate of growth of deformation exceeding 18 mm/min were recorded simultaneously on minute 43.9.
According to the results of the research, the regularity of the limit of fire resistance of reinforced concrete ribbed slabs from the level of the applied mechanical load was established. This will make it possible to design and build buildings and structures using the specified building structures with guaranteed fire resistance classes, which improves the level of safety for people at the facilities
The development of a method for assessing the preparation of aviation personnel participated in ensuresing flight safety
Authors: Dolzhenko Nadezhda
Published: November 2023

The problem solved in the research is to increase the efficiency of decision making in the tasks of professional training of pilots while ensuring the specified reliability, regardless of the hierarchy of the system of evaluation indicators. The object of the research is the professional training system for civil aviation pilots. The subject of the research is the process of assessing the qualities of civil aviation pilots using fuzzy cognitive maps. The hypothesis of the research is to increase the number of indicators for assessing the quality of training of civil aviation pilots with restrictions on the efficiency and reliability of decision making. A method has been developed for assessing the preparedness of aviation personnel involved in ensuring flight safety.
The method consists of the following sequence of actions:
– input of initial data;
– standardization of numerical values of concepts of a fuzzy cognitive model of preparedness of aviation personnel involved in ensuring flight safety;
– transition of numerical values of concepts of a fuzzy cognitive model of preparedness of aviation personnel involved in ensuring flight safety;
– building a fuzzy cognitive model;
– determination of quantitative estimates (ranks) of the importance of model elements;
– calculation of importance indices of model elements.
Based on the results of the analysis of the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is clear that the proposed assessment method increases the accuracy of the assessment of aviation personnel involved in ensuring flight safety by 23 % compared to the known ones. It is advisable to use the developed method in decision making support systems for assessing the quality of professional training of aviation personnel in order to increase the efficiency and reliability of decisions made.
Identifying the influence of reinforcement ratio on crack behaviour of rigid pavement
Authors: Soehardjono Agoes , Wibowo Ari , Nuralinah Devi , Aditya Candra
Published: November 2023

The problem found in many rigid pavement concrete slabs is the occurrence of cracks. Research on the width of cracks in rigid pavement due to the influence of reinforcement ratio is necessary because the stiffness and strength of concrete slabs are related to slab thickness, concrete quality, reinforcing steel quality and reinforcement numbers. This study aims to determine the cracking behavior of rigid pavements subjected to monotonic static line loads due to variations in reinforcement ratio experimentally. Specimens tested in the laboratory were 2×0.6×0.2 m concrete slabs placed on 30 cm thick soil with 6 % CBR value as a support. The variation of reinforcement ratio was ρ=0.004; ρ=0.007; ρ=0.01; ρ=0.02. Concrete quality fc=30 MPa, steel quality fu=580 MPa. The results shows at small reinforcement ratios the results are close to the average crack width of the formula from the regulations and at large reinforcement ratios the results are further away from the average crack width based on the formula in the regulations. The largest crack width observed in this study occurred in rigid pavement with a reinforcement ratio of ρ=0.004, under a load of 210 KN, resulting in a crack width of 0.519 mm. It was found that the relationship between crack width and the reinforcement ratio follows a linear equation across all variations. The research also revealed variations in crack width between experiments conducted under different design codes, with results closely aligning with the average crack width determined by rule-based formulas, especially for a small reinforcement ratio (ρ=0.004). Conversely, for a larger reinforcement ratio (ρ=0.01), the results deviated further from the crack width predicted by the code-based formula
Determination of the number of clusters of normalized vegetation indices using the k-means algorithm
Authors: Mimenbayeva Aigul , Artykbayev Samat , Suleimenova Raya , Abdygalikova Gulnar , Naizagarayeva Akgul , Ismailova Aisulu
Published: November 2023

The process of clustering of normalized vegetation indices in five regions with a total area of 2565 hectares of the North Kazakhstan region was studied. A methodological approach to organizing the clustering process is proposed using the vegetation indices NDVI, MSAVI, ReCI, NDWI and NDRE, taking into account individual characteristics in the three main phases of spring wheat development
As a result of the research, vegetation indices were grouped into 3 classes using the k-means clustering method. The first cluster contained vegetation indices whose maximum values occupied about 33.98% of the total area of the study area. It was found that NDVImax located in the first cluster was positively correlated with soil-corrected vegetation indices MSAVI and crop moisture indicators NDMI (R2=0.92). The second cluster is characterized by minimum values of NDVImax coefficients at the germination, tillering and ripening phases (from 0.53 to 0.55). The lowest values of vegetation indices occupied 35.9 % in the germination phase, 37.9 % in the tillering phase, and 40.1 % of the field from the total area. The third cluster is characterized by average values of vegetation indices in all three phases. A correlation matrix was also constructed to assess the closeness of the relationship between actual yield and NDVI vegetation indices. The maximum coefficient was obtained at the germination phase, R=0.94 with a minimum significance coefficient p=0.018.
The approach used in this study can be useful in the analysis of satellite data, as it can improve the sensitivity of the constellation procedure. From a practical point of view, the results obtained make it possible to assess the condition of agricultural crops in the early stages of the growing season, which makes it possible to improve their productivity based on the results of cluster analysis
Improving a technique for making fried meat chopped semi-finished products in functionally closed environments with the addition of blended dried semi-finished product
Authors: Zahorulko Andrii , Zagorulko Aleksey , Mikhaylov Valeriy , Liashenko Bogdan
Published: November 2023

The object of this study is the production process of chopped meat semi-finished products with the addition of blended dried semi-finished products based on Jerusalem artichoke, pumpkin, and zucchini to the recipe, followed by frying in functionally closed environments.
A technique for the production of dried semi-finished products based on Jerusalem artichoke, pumpkin, and zucchini is proposed for use in the recipes of fried minced meat products to substitute bread. The water absorption of bread (at 23 min.) was compared at 11.3 cm3 and 12 cm3 for the dried mixture, which is 6.1 % higher. A comparative analysis of the chemical composition confirms a much higher content in the dried blend: 6 times more potassium, 4 times more calcium, and 31 times more dietary fiber. Also, the blend is characterized by a low fat content of 0.13 g and the presence of vitamins C, A, etc.
Frying of chopped meat semi-finished products is proposed in functionally closed environments (FCE) with artificial cooling based on a heat exchanger with cold water and Peltier elements. The process is carried out at a temperature of 150...160 °C for 300 seconds.
It was found that during 30 s of frying the test samples in FCE, the pressure is equal to 9ˑ103 Pa, during 90 s – 28ˑ103 Pa, at 120 s – 35ˑ103 Pa, at 210 s – 40ˑ103 Pa, and at 300 s – 42∙103 Pa, respectively, which makes it possible to predict the process.
The dynamics of frying chopped meat products in FCE with artificial cooling on the basis of a heat exchanger with cold water and Peltier elements for the 1st period of loss are about 52.6·10-3 %/s, for the 2nd it is virtually unchanged. The maximum difference in changes in the fat medium is on 120...150 seconds of frying and actually reaches 12.0 % of the total fat content. At the end of the frying process, the total content of fatty medium is about 5.3 %, thereby confirming the effectiveness of using artificial cooling
El arte de develar
Authors: Acosta Díaz Emilio
Published: November 2023

Quizá una de las más grandes proezas de la humanidad sea la de obtener mayor comunicación entre sus miembros y lograr una verdadera articulación de sus relaciones, proyectos y aspiraciones. Con la comunicación nada queda oculto, todo se hace visible y cercano en la medida en que se unen las voluntades, se comparten los conocimientos científicos y saberes cotidianos engrandeciendo el patrimonio de la humanidad, por lo tanto, leer los signos y símbolos aligera la comunicación y ayuda en la apropiación de los saberes; esta tarea arranca desde  el mismo momento de la concepción de la vida y se consolida a través del tiempo.

Leer y escribir es el ejercicio de develar, conocer, discernir y encontrarse con los otros para ampliar el sentido de relación en un mundo perfectamente conectado y articulado, por lo que, descifrar símbolos y decodicarlos es una forma de ir más allá del tiempo y de los lenguajes que cada contexto y ámbito cultural ha creado para asegurar el sentido y valor de sus acciones comunicativas.
Visión antropológica franciscano - capuchina
Authors: Enríquez Pantoja María Viviana , Gaviria Rojas León Darío
Published: November 2023

La antropología, siendo una de las ciencias humanas, estudia al hombre en todo su ser, con sus capacidades y concepciones interiores y exteriores; esta se nutre de otras ciencias que aportan signifcativamente a la evolución del hombre como el ser más complejo y completo. El ser humano, a través de sus sentidos y mediante los valores, se construye en relación con los otros y para los otros, en este caso a través de la concepción franciscano-capuchina que fomenta relaciones fraternas con los semejantes, donde lo esencial tiene siempre que ver con el encuentro, el diálogo, la aceptación, la ﬂexibilidad y la obediencia para construir relaciones trasparentes orientadas al bien de la sociedad.
La mediación como estrategia para la resolución de conflictos en la Práctica Pedagógica
Authors: Oliva Ramos Gerardo Andrés
Published: November 2023

El interés por este tema de investigación, nace de la observación de los diversos roles que ejerce el profesor a la hora de realizar su práctica pedagógica, aparte de ser planificador, formador, tutor y evaluador de estudiantes, se añade el ejercicio de ser mediador de conflictos y más aún en la actualidad donde la violencia se ha tomado las aulas de clase. Por esto, se hace una reflexión acerca de como los estudiantes - maestros, durante la realización de su práctica pedagógica, pueden usar la mediación como estrategia para resolver las disputas que se presentan entre estudiantes.
Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de Desarrollo Personal (Own Growth)
Authors: Rojas Rivera Fabio Darío , Estrella Carlosama Jazmin Lucia , Gonzales Castillo María Alejandra , Rosero Botina Ginna Marcela , Villota Fuerte Mónica Catalina
Published: November 2023

El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en describir las propiedades psicométricas de una Escala de Desarrollo Personal en estudiantes y docentes de la Universidad CESMAG en la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto; para ello se realizó un estudio instrumental, con muestreo por conglomerados y afijación proporcional; en el estudio se contó con la participación de 52 estudiantes y 28 docentes de la Universidad CESMAG, todos mayores de edad. En un análisis factorial exploratorio por mínimos cuadrados generalizados se encontró una estructura de tres factores que explican el 40% de la varianza. Se obtuvo un coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach de 0.862 para la prueba total. En cuanto a la validez de constructo la escala Own Growth presentó correlaciones significativas entre la autorrealización, la estima y lo social. En pruebas de contraste el nivel de significanciafue de 0.000, indicando que la edad y el estatus de docentes y estudiantes no tienen una influencia notable en el desarrollo personal. Se comprobó que Own Growth fue un instrumento útil para medir el Desarrollo Personal en estudiantes y docentes de la Universidad CESMAG, como resultado del ejercicio académico realizado en el espacio de Psicometría en el año 2018.
Prueba Psicométrica de Conductas Antisociales, Asociales y Delictivas (CAAD)
Authors: Rojas Rivera Fabio Darío , Rodríguez Rivera Karen Giovanna , Martínez Enríquez Ginna Marcela
Published: November 2023

El objetivo de este artículo se focaliza en la descripción de conductas antisociales, asociales y delictivas como proceso psicológico, mediante la creación de la prueba psicométrica de Conductas Antisociales, Asociales y Delictivas (CAAD) que busca medir el constructo por medio de propiedades psicométricas. En el proceso de aplicación se obtuvo una puntuación de 35.882% de varianza explicada, haciendo referencia a laexistencia del atributo dentro de la población. En el análisis factorial se evidenció la correlación de los ítems y el atributo con un KMO de 0.481, así mismo se obtuvo un coeficiente del Alfa de Cronbach de 0,741, permitiendo ver la consistencia en un conjunto de medidas del atributo, comprobando así que esta escala es un instrumento que cuenta con validez de contenido, contexto y constructo, lo mismo que fiabilidad, debido a que presenta las propiedades psicométricas apropiadas. Para llevar a cabo la investigación se tomó una muestra polietápica y por conveniencia de 50 adolescentes residentes de la ciudad de Pasto correspondiente a 25 hombres y 25 mujeres entre los 16 y 19 años de edad. El proceso investigativo en mención fue resultado del ejercicio académico desarrollado en el espacio de Psicometría en el año 2018.
Actitud laboral del docente de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas de la Universidad CESMAG en el aula de clases
Authors: Rojas Rivera Fabio Darío , Minayo Díaz Jenny Gabriela , Molina López Heily Melissa
Published: November 2023

El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en describir el atributo de Work Attitude (Actitud laboral del docente) como fenómeno psicológico, por medio de la creación de una prueba psicométrica. La intención de llevar a cabo este proceso investigativo nace del espacio académico de Psicometría en el año 2018; para su desarrollo, se tomó una muestra de 60 docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas de la Universidad CESMAG de la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto, 30 de ellos pertenecientes al programa de Psicología y 30 al programa de Derecho. La confiabilidad de los instrumentos utilizados en la investigación se analizó con el programa estadístico SPSS (versión 20) y mediante el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach se obtuvo un índice de confiabilidad total de la prueba para actitud laboral de 0,704, demostrando de esta manera, validez y confiabilidad del instrumento. Entre los resultados se destaca un 38,41% de la varianza explicada, lo que revela la existencia del atributo dentro de la población.
Antawara, el espíritu de un pueblo
Authors: Muñoz Carlos Alfredo
Published: November 2023

Era un lunes parecido a domingo o acaso un viernesdisfrazado de sábado. La noción del tiempo se pierdeen estos días de fiesta. Quizás el mismo tiempo seviste de jolgorio y echa por la borda cada segundo,minuto y hora que le pesa en su lento cabalgar en el lomo del caballo de la historia. Lo cierto es que el mismo aire toma un matiz distinto, un aire mágico, un respiro a gloria y da la sensación de poderlo tomar entre las manos y sentir el suave aroma de su esencia. La ciudad despierta trasnochada del cansancio de fin de año que dejó una estela de abrazos y lágrimas, de encuentros retrasados y de promesas sin fin.
A venda de cigarros avulsos no Brasil entre 2008 e 2019: mais um motivo de preocupação?
Authors: Szklo André Salem
Published: November 2023

Resumo: No Brasil, a venda de cigarros é permitida apenas em embalagens fechadas com 20 unidades. Avaliou-se a evolução ao longo do tempo da proporção de fumantes adultos que adquiriram cigarros industrializados avulsos na última compra. Utilizaram-se os dados da Pesquisa Especial de Tabagismo conduzida em 2008 e da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde conduzida em 2013 e 2019. Modelo linear generalizado foi usado para calcular as diferenças na proporção de compra de cigarros avulsos entre os anos das pesquisas, ajustadas por variáveis sociodemográficas e de comportamento de fumar. Considerando 2013 como ano de referência, as diferenças relativas entre as proporções foram, respectivamente, -15,3% (valor de p ajustado ≤ 0,05) na comparação com 2008, e +13,3 (valor de p ajustado = 0,08) na comparação com 2019. Cerca de 20% dos jovens adultos fumantes relataram comprar cigarro avulso em 2019 e a diferença na proporção de compra de cigarro avulso entre indivíduos de 18 a 24 anos e aqueles mais velhos provavelmente aumentou entre 2013 e 2019 (valor de p interação ajustado = 0,08). Há motivos de preocupação, pois o fortalecimento da política tributária entre 2008 e 2013 foi acompanhado de um aumento na proporção de compra de cigarros avulsos. Apesar da queda do preço real do maço de cigarros a partir de 2017, um contexto de baixa efetividade de implementação de outras medidas antitabagismo acentuou provavelmente a diferença da proporção de compra de cigarros avulsos entre jovens e adultos. A presença permanente do cigarro avulso como modalidade de aquisição contribui para que subgrupos populacionais mais vulneráveis do ponto de vista econômico se tornem e/ou permaneçam dependentes do comportamento de fumar.
Tomada de decisão apoiada para pessoas idosas que vivem com demência: contribuições da bioética
Authors: Cunha Isis Laynne de Oliveira Machado , Garrafa Volnei
Published: November 2023

Resumo O aumento significativo da população idosa e a alta incidência de doenças crônicas e degenerativas demandam preocupação com aspectos inerentes à promoção da autonomia, preservação de direitos humanos e qualidade de vida desse grupo populacional. O exercício do direito à tomada de decisão impacta diversos aspectos da vida humana, como é o caso dos cuidados em saúde, administração patrimonial, relacionamentos, escolha de moradia, cuidados familiares, atividades religiosas e até mesmo atividades diárias. A Tomada de Decisão Apoiada (TDA) pode ser importante instrumento para promoção da autonomia de pessoas idosas que vivem com demência, pois consiste em uma abordagem pautada no respeito aos direitos humanos, que visa instituir mecanismos de fornecimento de suportes para que todas as pessoas possam exercer o direito de tomar decisões inerentes às suas vidas. Para implementação mais robusta no Brasil, é fundamental a mudança de cultura, no sentido de valorização da pessoa idosa e da noção de que a proteção perpassa por ofertar mecanismos de promoção da autonomia pessoal, que se dá, em parte, pelo incentivo ao engajamento social e fortalecimento de laços comunitários. Nesse aspecto, a noção de empoderamento, pautada em concepções advindas da Bioética de Intervenção, mostra-se relevante.
Prevalência de fungos anemófilos no Brasil e a correlação com doenças respiratórias e infecções fúngicas
Authors: Suehara Marcelo Batista , Silva Mayara Cristina Pinto da
Published: November 2023

Resumo Fungos anemófilos se dispersam na natureza através do ar atmosférico. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar a prevalência da microbiota fúngica anemófila no Brasil e correlacionar o crescimento fúngico com doenças respiratórias e quadros infecciosos. Este trabalho é uma revisão integrativa de literatura construída a partir da busca nas bases de dados PubMed, BIREME, SciELO e LILACS, com inclusão de trabalhos brasileiros publicados entre 2000 e 2022, em língua portuguesa ou inglesa com texto online integral. O universo do estudo foi constituído por 147 publicações, das quais 25 compuseram a amostra por atenderem aos critérios de inclusão. Os gêneros de fungos aerotransportados mais prevalentes no Brasil são: Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp., Curvularia sp. e Fusarium sp. Os locais de origem dos estudos incluem Maranhão, Ceará, Piauí, Sergipe, Mato Grosso, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Minas Gerais. Além disso, foi possível determinar a relação dos fungos com parâmetros meteorológicos e sazonalidade, a sensibilização de indivíduos atópicos aos fungos e as principais micoses nosocomiais relatadas na literatura. Assim, o trabalho destaca a importância da manutenção da qualidade microbiológica do ar com vistas a se prevenir possíveis doenças transmitidas pelo ar.
Tempo de televisão, obesidade e doenças cardiovasculares em idosos brasileiros: Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde 2013 e 2019
Authors: Lopes Elaine Cristina , Cândido Letícia Martins , Rosa Rafaela Aguiar , Pavanate Vanessa , Wagner Katia Jakovljevic Pudla , Avelar Núbia Carelli Pereira de , Danielewicz Ana Lúcia
Published: November 2023

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a associação entre tempo assistindo televisão (TV) e a presença de obesidade isolada e associada às doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) de idosos brasileiros, conforme o sexo, comparando-se os dados das Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde 2013 e 2019. Estudo transversal, com dados de 23.815 e 43.554 idosos das PNS 2013 e 2019, respectivamente. O autorrelato do tempo assistindo à TV foi categorizado em: <3, 3-6 e ≥6 horas diárias. A obesidade isolada foi avaliada pelo índice de massa corporal ≥27 kg/m² e a DCV pelo autorrelato de diagnóstico médico. Em 2013, as idosas que assistiam à TV ≥6 horas/dia apresentaram maiores chances de obesidade isolada (OR=1,87; IC95%=1,32;2,64) e associada à DCV (OR=6,30; IC95%=3,38;11,74). Em 2019, as idosas que assistiam à TV entre 3-6 horas/dia (OR=1,44; IC95%=1,25;1,65) e ≥6 horas/dia (OR=1,55; IC95%=1,28;1,88) tiveram maiores chances de obesidade isolada, já as chances de obesidade associada à DCV, foram maiores para ≥6 horas/dia (OR=2,13; IC95%=1,48;3,06). Em 2019, os homens tiveram maiores chances de obesidade associada às DCV assistindo à TV entre 3-6 horas/dia (OR=1,76; IC95%=1,20;2,56) e ≥6 horas/dia (OR=2,13; IC95%=1,27;3,57). Evidencia-se a importância em diminuir o tempo assistindo à TV dos idosos.
Abortion and race in Brazil, National Abortion Surveys 2016 to 2021
Authors: Diniz Debora , Medeiros Marcelo , Souza Pedro H. G. Ferreira de , Goés Emanuelle
Published: November 2023

Abstract We examine racial differentials in abortion among women in Brazil using data from three editions of the Brazilian National Abortion Survey (PNA), 2016, 2019 and 2021. We test the difference in means in data from separate surveys, combined surveys without reweighting, and combined and reweighted surveys. We also use logistic models for the chance of having an abortion. The results indicate that there is a consistent racial differential in the three editions of PNA, with the percentage of abortions among Black women being higher than among white women. In the combined and reweighted surveys, among Black women of all ages the probability of having had an abortion is 11.03% while among white women it is 7.55%. This means a difference of 3.5 percentage points, which translates into a 46% higher probability for Black women, statistically significant values for a 5% interval. Logistic regressions produce similar results, with an average predicted probability of 12.61% for Black women and 8.90% for white women, also significant. Racial differences remain statistically significant for various combinations of PNA editions. However, in the separate surveys, the difference in means tests are only statistically significant in 2016. Black refers to the group formed by Black and Brown women (pretas and pardas). Due to the small sample size, it is not possible to say much about the differences with Asian and Indigenous women.
Prevalence of preconception health indicators among Brazilian women of reproductive age
Authors: Santos Bruna Nicole Soares dos , Araújo Fernanda Gontijo , Paula Thayane Fraga de , Matozinhos Fernanda Penido , Felisbino-Mendes Mariana Santos
Published: November 2023

Abstract This article aims to evaluate the performance of preconception health indicators according to sociodemographic characteristics among Brazilian women of reproductive age. We conducted a descriptive epidemiological study using data from 21,645 and 25,228 women, respectively, who responded the 2013 and 2019 national health surveys, and data for the period 2010 to 2020 derived from the national health system’s Department of Informatics (DATASUS). We calculated the prevalence of indicators according to sociodemographic characteristics and statistical significance of differences was measured using Pearson’s chi-squared test. Syphilis and HIV incidence rates were also calculated. There was an increase in the prevalence of access to health service indicators (medical and dental consultations and recent Pap smear). However, there was an increase in the prevalence of hypertension, alcohol use, and obesity. The prevalence of use of contraceptive methods and fertility treatment remained stable. Syphilis incidence increased sevenfold between 2010 and 2020. Black/brown women with a low level of education, higher parity, and living in the North or Northeast performed worse for preconception health indicators. Despite the increase in access to health services, performance on preconception health indicators declined and health inequities continued.
Built environment and its association with self-rated health in Brazilian elderly: National Health Survey 2013
Authors: Antunes Maria Cecília , Zardeto Heloísa Nunes , Pscheidt Sabrina Leal , Custódio Gustavo , Mello Daniel Nunes de , Giehl Maruí Weber Corseuil
Published: November 2023

Abstract The present study aims to investigate the association between the built environment and positive self-rated health among older adults from Brazilian capitals. It is a cross-sectional population-based study, which collected data from the National Health Survey 2013 and the Observatório das Metrópoles. The outcome was a positive self-rated health. The built environment was investigated by the Urban Wellbeing Index (IBEU, in Portuguese). Analyses were performed by multilevel logistic regression (95%CI). Among the 4,643 elderly individuals evaluated in this study, 51.5% reported a positive self-rated health (95%CI: 50.0-52.9). Elderly people living in capitals with higher IBEU terciles were more likely to have a positive self-rated health (OR: 1.42; 95%CI: 1.08-1.86 (T2); OR: 1.78; 95%CI: 1.35-2.33 (T3)). As for the dimensions of the IBEU, the following were associated with the outcome: urban infrastructure (OR: 1.56; 95%CI: 1.13-2.16), urban environmental conditions (OR: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.10-2.04), urban housing conditions (OR: 1.45; 95%CI: 1.05-1.99), and urban collective services (OR: 1.72; 95%CI: 1.30-2.27). A positive association was found between better conditions of the built environment and one’s perception of health, regardless of individual characteristics. Promoting changes in the built environment can be effective in improving health levels, thus favoring healthy aging.
Changes in health behaviors in elderly Brazilians: data from the 2013 and 2019 National Health Surveys
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Luciano Carneiro Alves de , Pinheiro Ana Karina Bezerra
Published: November 2023

Abstract Changes in health behaviors of elderly people (≥65 years old) in Brazil included in the National Health Survey 2013 (n=7,712) and 2019 (n=15,926) were analyzed. Cross-sectional study compared prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of current and past smoking; alcohol abuse; leisure-time physical activity; consumption of fruit and vegetables. Differences were considered statistically significant at the 5% level. All positive health behaviors increased significantly over the period. The consumption of fruit and vegetables was the most prevalent, and smoking cessation the one that grew the most. The consumption of fruit and vegetables, physical activity during leisure time and alcohol abuse prevailed in the capitals, with current and past smokers prevailing in the interior. Men had higher estimates of current and past smoking and alcohol abuse. In younger women, alcohol abuse significantly increased. Leisure-time physical activity did not differ between the sexes. Women consumed more fruit at all ages and years, but vegetables depended on age and year. The prevalence of healthy behavior has increased in Brazil. However, individual and contextual inequalities have remained and affect the achievement of more positive levels of health.
Um Ciclope francês nos trópicos
Authors: Cairus Henrique F. , Prado João Batista Toledo , Jardim Fernanda
Published: November 2023

Resumo O estudo parte de duas obras análogas - um livro e um folheto - produzidas no século XVI e que retratam Nicolas Durand de Villegagnon como o Ciclope Polifemo, figura estabelecida por textos clássicos como a Odisseia, de Homero, e o Ciclope, de Eurípides. Através dessa inusitada comparação entre um monstro mitológico e o Cavaleiro de Malta, tanto o poema quanto a gravura presentes no livro e folheto representam Villegagnon e o aviltam por meio de estratégias discursivas. Tal projeto invectivo tem fundamentos em querelas religiosas, políticas e econômicas no contexto do empreendimento conhecido como “França Antártica” na Baía de Guanabara. O francês Durand é transformado em bárbaro e incivilizado, tornando-se tão ameaçador quanto as tribos canibais brasileiras.
La medicina verdadera y la curación espiritual en la literatura moralizante de fines de la Edad Media
Authors: Peirats Anna
Published: November 2023

Resumen Este artículo estudia el leitmotiv del Christus medicus en los textos literarios tardomedievales. En todos los casos, la presencia de un Cristo médico se evidencia a partir de ejemplos de términos médicos y religiosos; signos de Cristo como sanador de la humanidad y taumaturgo, y en el ámbito metafórico, donde Cristo es el auténtico médico. En estas páginas analizaremos la relación que se establece entre este leitmotiv de Cristo como médico y diversos fragmentos, a través de la meditación y la reflexión por medio de la palabra alegórica.
Effects of maize genotypes, nitrogen rates and sources in yield, nutritional status, and fumonisins incidence
Authors: Santos F. C. , Figueiredo J. E. F. , Pinheiro R. B. , Cota L. V. , Vasconcelos A. A. , Albuquerque Filho M. R. , Costa R. V. , Pastina M. M. , Silva-Araújo D. D.
Published: November 2023

Abstract The maize yield, nutritional status, and grain fumonisins concentration were evaluated in different genotypes, doses, and nitrogen sources (N) in two years and three locations. Two experiments were carried out in each area and year in an experimental design of a subdivided plot with four replications. One experiment involved a 4x2 factorial treatment: four nitrogen (N) doses (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg ha-1) in coverage and having urea as a source of N and two genotypes. Another experiment involved a 4x2 factorial treatment: four N sources: urea, urea covered with polymer, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate + urea (UAN), at a dose of 160 kg ha-1, in two genotypes. The genotype generally influenced maize yield more than N doses and sources, mainly due to the bushy stunt/corn stunt tolerance of AG7098 PRO2 and AG8677 PRO2. The N doses linearly increased the N leaf content. However, the N sources did not affect the N leaf content. The N doses and sources had no significant effect on the content of fumonisins, which was affected only by the genotypes in Sete Lagoas in 2016 (N doses experiment) and 2017 (N sources experiment). The hybrids, P3630H and AG8677PRO2 (Sete Lagoas, 2016, N doses experiment and 2017, N sources experiment, respectively) exceeded the Brazilian legislation for Maximum Tolerance Limit for fumonisins in corn grains, which is 5,000 µg kg-1. The best result was obtained with AG7098 PRO2, with yields (above 10,000 kg ha-1) and fumonisins consistently below 5,000 µg kg-1. Therefore, the selection of corn hybrids is a strategy to reduce the occurrence of fumonisins in the grains.
Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Myrtaceae: Myrtoideae) seedlings reveal morpho-physiological plasticity under shade conditions
Authors: Almeida S. M. Z. , Almeida L. P. de , Giacobbo C. L. , Galon L. , Perboni A. T. , Sant’Anna-Santos B. F. , Bermeo P. , Danner M. A.
Published: November 2023

Abstract Plants exposed to different light intensities generate physiological, morphological, and anatomical changes conducting to plasticity. Thus, this characteristic establishes the ability of plants to present phenotypic adjustments by the same genotype under different environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to verify the morphophysiological alterations in Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg (guabiroba) seedlings cultivated in different shading levels. The seedlings were grown for 21 months under full sun or 30%, 50%, and 80% under shading. Growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange rate, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf anatomy were evaluated. In all the treatments subjected to shading, plasticity mechanisms involved structural and physiological changes such as an increase in leaf area and chlorophyll content (total and Chl a), reduction in leaf thickness, and increased gas exchange and quantum yield of photosystem II. The guabiroba seedlings can be cultivated in full sun or different shading environments; even under high shading intensity (80%), the plants showed vigor similar to those produced in a sunny environment. These results confirmed our hypothesis about guabiroba acclimation capacity to shading, noteworthy information for nurseries, orchards, agroforestry systems, or forest restoration in a wide range of light environments.
Parâmetros morfológicos e sintáticos na língua Bakairi (Karib): um enfoque da ergatividade
Authors: Souza Tania Conceição Clemente de
Published: November 2023

Nossa análise com a língua Bakairi vem se sedimentando num corpus significativo resultante de sete pesquisas de campo, realizadas no período de 1984 a 1992, e  quatro pesquisas mais recentes, realizadas entre 2019 a 2023. Todas as pesquisas tomam como foco a variedade de Bakairi falada na terra indígena Pakuenra. Dentro do enfoque da Teoria Gerativa, nosso trabalho busca investir  na discussão em torno dos parâmetros de uma língua sintaticamente ergativa, perseguindo os seguintes objetivos (i) descrever o funcionamento dos verbos em Bakairi, a partir da distribuição dos paradigmas –aki e –tai, colocando em pauta a diátese verbal e a seleção de argumentos internos ao VP ou alocados em vP e (ii) reafirmar o status dos argumentos internos ao VP como argumentos canônicos versus o status derivados dos argumentos com papel de agente. Os principais resultados que temos alcançado vão ao encontro da definição de uma língua sintaticamente ergativa, uma vez que não estamos lidando com marcas nominais de caso, fato que vem  contribuir para elucidar formalmente os tipos de alinhamento nas línguas naturais, âmbito onde se dão os debates sobre a noção de Caso (lexical/inerente e estrutural).