bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxygen-sensitive nanoparticles reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of oxygen reduction during magnesium implant biodegradation
Authors: Zeller-Plumhoff Berit , Akkineni Ashwini Rahul , Helmholz Heike , Orlov Dmytro , Mosshammer Maria , Kühl Michael , Willumeit-Römer Regine , Gelinsky Michael
Published: November 2022

Magnesium (Mg) alloys are becoming increasingly important in the biomedical field as temporary bone implants. However, the biodegradation process of Mg alloys is highly complex and recent findings suggest that oxygen (O2) consumption is non-negligible. In this study, we give experimental proof of O2 consumption during Mg degradation under physiological conditions. Specifically, we study pure Mg, Mg–6 wt%Ag and Mg–5 wt%Gd in Hanks’ balanced salt solution and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium. We show that O2 consumption and hydrogen evolution are inversely correlated and that O2 concentrations remain below 7.5% in certain cases, which could have significant implications for bone healing.
Evaluation of pectin extractions and their application in the alkaline Maillard reaction
Authors: Guízar-Amezcua María-Guadalupe , Pineda-Santana Alvaro , González-Domínguez Martha-Isabel , Cajero-Zul Leonardo-Ramses , Guerrero-Ramírez Luis-Guillermo , López-Miranda Armando , Nambo Apolo , López-Mercado Janneth
Published: November 2022

A 23 factorial design was used to evaluate the influence of temperature, catalyst and time and esterification degree (DE) of pectin obtained from mango, orange and tangerine peels as well as tamarind seeds by using the acid hydrolysis method. The study showed that a high temperature positively influenced the percentage of pectin yield for the four second generation biomasses. Nevertheless, the temperature showed a greater influence in the solubility and diffusion of the acid solvent in the tamarind seed matrix, resulting a pectin recovery 32.9%. Concerning the %DE, the most statistically significant value observed was dependent on the type of biomass studied. The %DE and the nature of the pectin are determining factors in the pectin’s final use, in the present work the pectin extracted was used to produce furfural, a precursor of high value chemicals. The furfural production was achieved through alkaline hydrolysis and enhanced using the Maillard reaction, reaching a maximum concentration of 71.8 g/L which represents a 42.1% increase from the alkaline hydrolysis.
Associations of rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid factor with mental health, sleep and cognition characteristics in the UK Biobank
Authors: Stanciu Ioana , Anderson Jana , Siebert Stefan , Mackay Daniel , Lyall Donald M.
Published: November 2022

While previous rheumatoid arthritis (RA) studies have focussed on cardiometabolic and lifestyle factors, less research has focussed on psychological variables including mood and cognitive health, and sleep. Cross-sectional analyses tested for associations between RA and RF+ (positive rheumatoid factor) vs. mental health (depression, anxiety, neuroticism), sleep variables and cognition scores in UK Biobank (total n = 484,064). Those RF+ were more likely to report longer sleep duration (β = 0.01, SE = 0.004, p < 0.01) and less likely to get up in the morning easily (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.99, p = 0.01). Those reporting RA were more likely to score higher for neuroticism (β = 0.05, SE = 0.01, p < 0.001), to nap during the day (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06–1.14, p < 0.001), have insomnia (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.22–1.35, p < 0.001), have slower reaction times (β = 0.02, SE = 0.008, p < 0.005) and score less for fluid intelligence (β = − 0.03, SE = 0.01, p < 0.05) and less likely to get up easily (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.58–0.64, p < 0.001). The current study suggests that prevalent RA, and RF+ status are associated with differences in mental health, sleep, and cognition, highlighting the importance of addressing these aspects in clinical settings and future research.
The diversification of species in crop rotation increases the profitability of grain production systems
Authors: Volsi Bruno , Higashi Gabriel Eiji , Bordin Ivan , Telles Tiago Santos
Published: November 2022

Crop rotation with species diversification contributes to the control of pests, diseases and weeds and improves soil fertility and conservation, which can lead to increased profitability in grain production systems. The objectives of this study were to determine whether grain production systems that employ crop rotation with species diversification are more productive and profitable than double-cropping rotations without diversification and to analyze the revenues and production costs of these cropping systems. An experiment was conducted in a region with subtropical climate between the crop years of 2014–2015 and 2019–2020. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with six treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of six grain production systems, including five rotations with varied levels of species diversification and a corn–soybean rotation without species diversification, all under no-tillage. Productivity, revenue, production cost and profit indicators were analyzed. Productivity was compared by Duncan’s test (p ≤ 0.05). The grain production systems with species diversification showed better productivity and profitability than the corn–soybean system. The profit of the systems with species diversification was on average 37% higher than that of the system with corn–soybean rotation. In summary, grain production systems that employ crop rotation with species diversification showed higher productivity and profitability than the corn–soybean rotation without species diversification.
Selection of red fluorescent protein for genetic labeling of mitochondria and intercellular transfer of viable mitochondria
Authors: Taiko Isamu , Takano Chika , Nomoto Masayuki , Hayashida Shingo , Kanemaru Kazunori , Miki Toshio
Published: November 2022

The phenomenon of intercellular mitochondrial transfer has attracted great attention in various fields of research, including stem cell biology. Elucidating the mechanism of mitochondrial transfer from healthy stem cells to cells with mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to the development of novel stem cell therapies to treat mitochondrial diseases, among other advances. To visually evaluate and analyze the mitochondrial transfer process, dual fluorescent labeling systems are often used to distinguish the mitochondria of donor and recipient cells. Although enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) has been well-characterized for labeling mitochondria, other colors of fluorescent protein have been less extensively evaluated in the context of mitochondrial transfer. Here, we generated different lentiviral vectors with mitochondria-targeted red fluorescent proteins (RFPs), including DsRed, mCherry (both from Discosoma sp.) Kusabira orange (mKOκ, from Verrillofungia concinna), and TurboRFP (from Entacmaea quadricolor). Among these proteins, mitochondria-targeted DsRed and its variant mCherry often generated bright aggregates in the lysosome while other proteins did not. We further validated that TurboRFP-labeled mitochondria were successfully transferred from amniotic epithelial cells, one of the candidates for donor stem cells, to mitochondria-damaged recipient cells without losing the membrane potential. Our study provides new insight into the genetic labeling of mitochondria with red fluorescent proteins, which may be utilized to analyze the mechanism of intercellular mitochondrial transfer.
Green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles, optimization, characterization and antibacterial efficacy against multi drug resistant biofilm-forming Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: El-Naggar Noura El-Ahmady , Shiha Alaa M. , Mahrous Hoda , Mohammed A. B. Abeer
Published: November 2022

Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are promising versatile cationic polymeric nanoparticles, which have received growing interest over last few decades. The biocompatibility, biodegradability, environmental safety and non-toxicity of the chitosan nanoparticles makes it preferred for a wide range of biological applications including agriculture, medical and pharmaceutical fields. In this study, CNPs were biosynthesized by aqueous extract of Eucalyptusglobulus Labill fresh leaves as bio-reductant. Box–Behnken design in 29 experimental runs was used for optimization of different factors affecting the production of CNPs. The maximum yield of CNPs was 9.91 mg/mL at pH of 4.5, chitosan concentration of 1%, incubation time of 60 min and temperature of 50 °C. The crystallinity, particle size and morphology of the biosynthesized CNPs were characterized. The CNPs possess a positively charged surface of 31.1 mV. The SEM images of the CNPs confirms the formation of spherical form with smooth surface. The TEM images show CNPs were spherical in shape and their size range was between 6.92 and 10.10 nm. X-ray diffraction indicates the high degree of CNPs crystallinity. FTIR analysis revealed various functional groups of organic compounds including NH, NH2, C–H, C−O, C–N, O–H, C–C, C–OH and C–O–C. The thermogravimetric analysis results revealed that CNPs are thermally stable. The antibacterial activity of CNPs was determined against pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria, Acinetobacterbaumannii. The diameters of the inhibition zones were 12, 16 and 30 mm using the concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/mL; respectively. When compared to previous studies, the biosynthesized CNPs produced using an aqueous extract of fresh Eucalyptusglobulus Labill leaves have the smallest particle sizes (with a size range between 6.92 and 10.10 nm). Consequently, it is a promising candidate for a diverse range of medical applications and pharmaceutical industries.
Elastic interaction between Mauna Loa and Kīlauea evidenced by independent component analysis
Authors: Przeor Monika , D’Auria Luca , Pepe Susi , Tizzani Pietro , Cabrera-Pérez Iván
Published: November 2022

The contrasting dynamics between Mauna Loa and Kīlauea have been studied over the last 100 years from multiple viewpoints. The fact that dynamic changes of one volcano trigger a dynamic response of the other volcano indicates a connection may exist. Petrological works show a direct relationship between the magmatic systems of these two volcanoes is not possible. We analysed DInSAR data and GPS measurements of ground deformation patterns associated with the activity of Mauna Loa and Kīlauea volcanoes. The DInSAR SBAS dataset spans the interval between 2003 and 2010, and was acquired along ascending and descending orbits of the ENVISAT (ESA) satellite under different look angles. Of the 10 tracks that cover the Big Island (Hawai‘i), 4 cover both volcanic edifices. Using GPS measurements, we computed the areal strain on 15 triplets of stations for Kīlauea volcano and 11 for Mauna Loa volcano. DInSAR data was analysed by applying Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to decompose the time-varying ground deformation pattern of both volcanoes. The results revealed anticorrelated ground deformation behaviour of the main calderas of Mauna Loa and Kīlauea, meaning that the opposite response is seen in the ground deformation of one volcano with respect to the other. At the same time, Kīlauea exhibits a more complex pattern, with an additional component, which appears not to be correlated with the dynamics of Mauna Loa. The GPS areal strain time series support these findings. To corroborate and help interpret the results, we performed inverse modelling of the observed ground deformation pattern using analytical source models. The results indicate that the ground deformation of Mauna Loa is associated with a dike-shaped source located at 6.2 km depth. In comparison, the anticorrelated ground deformation of Kīlauea is associated with a volumetric source at 1.2 km depth. This excludes a hydraulic connection as a possible mechanism to explain the anticorrelated behaviour; instead, we postulate a stress-transfer mechanism. To support this hypothesis, we performed a 3D numerical modelling of stress and strain fields in the study area, determining the elastic interaction of each source over the others. The most relevant finding is that the Mauna Loa shallow plumbing system can affect the shallowest magmatic reservoir of Kīlauea, while the opposite scenario is unlikely. Conversely, the second independent component observed at Kīlauea is associated to a sill-shaped source located at a depth of 3.5 km, which is less affected by this interaction process.
Household perception and infestation dynamics of bedbugs among residential communities and its potential distribution in Africa
Authors: Mbuta Dennis M. , Khamis Fathiya M. , Sokame Bonoukpoè M. , Ng’ong’a Florence , Akutse Komivi S.
Published: November 2022

Bedbugs have experienced an extraordinary upsurge in the recent past across the world. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the community perception of the pest outbreaks, the population dynamics, and dispersal patterns under different habitat systems. A survey was conducted within communities in nine counties in Kenya, where geographical coordinates of the sites of bedbug presence were recorded and maximum entropy distribution modelling (MaxEnt) was used to map and predict the potentially suitable habitat, while system thinking and system dynamics approach with Vensim PLE 8.0.9 software was applied to implement bedbug infestation dynamics. Our results indicated that majority of the respondents had ample knowledge on bedbugs and were concerned about the physico-psychologic and socio-economic health effects. Spatial distribution analysis showed regions in Kenya with optimal to suitable for bedbug occurrence in the whole country, and similar results were found at continental level across Africa. Furthermore, infestation dynamics results showed a rapid mobility of bedbug from one house to another. In terms of management strategies, the models showed that the combination of chemical with other control methods was considerably much more effective compared to the use of chemical approach only, appointing integrated pest management strategy as a better intervention approach in controlling the pest.
Outbreak investigation including molecular characterization of community associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a primary and secondary school in Eastern Switzerland
Authors: Waldeck Frederike , Seiffert Salome N. , Manser Susanne , Zemp Danuta , Walt Angela , Berger Christoph , Albrich Werner C. , Schlegel Matthias , Roloff Tim , Egli Adrian , Nolte Oliver , Kahlert Christian R.
Published: November 2022

At our tertiary children’s hospital, infections with newly detected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among children attending primary (age 6–12 years) and secondary school (age 13–16 years) nearly doubled in 2018 compared to previous years. This observation initiated an epidemiological outbreak investigation including phenotypic (susceptibility testing) and genotypic (whole genome sequencing) characterization of the isolates. In addition, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine source of the outbreak, colonization frequency and to identify risk factors for transmission using a questionnaire. As a result, 49 individuals were detected with 57 corresponding isolates. Based on the case definition combined with whole genome sequencing, a core cluster was identified that shared common genetic features and a similar antimicrobial susceptibility pattern (efflux-mediated macrolide resistance, tetracycline susceptibility along with presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin). Epidemiologic evaluation identified a distinct school as a common risk factor. However, the source of the clustered infections within that school could not be further specified. No further cases could be detected after decolonization of infected and colonized children.
Abdominal pain is a main manifestation of delayed bleeding after splenic injury in patients receiving non-operative management
Authors: Su Yu-Cheng , Ou Chia-Yu , Yang Tsung-Han , Hung Kuo-Shu , Wu Chun-Hsien , Wang Chih-Jung , Yen Yi-Ting , Shan Yan-Shen
Published: November 2022

Delayed bleeding is a major issue in patients with high-grade splenic injuries who receive non-operative management (NOM). While only few studies addressed the clinical manifestations of delayed bleeding in these patients. We reviewed the patients with high-grade splenic injuries presented with delayed bleeding, defined as the need for salvage procedures following NOM. There were 138 patients received NOM in study period. Fourteen of 107 patients in the SAE group and 3 of 31 patients in the non-embolization group had delayed bleeding. Among the 17 delayed bleeding episodes, 6 and 11 patients were salvaged by splenectomy and SAE, respectively. Ten (58.9%, 10/17) patients experienced bleeding episodes in the intensive care unit (ICU), whereas seven (41.1%, 7/17) experienced those in the ward or at home. The clinical manifestations of delayed bleeding were a decline in haemoglobin levels (47.1%, 8/17), hypotension (35.3%, 6/17), tachycardia (47.1%, 8/17), new abdominal pain (29.4%, 5/17), and worsening abdominal pain (17.6%, 3/17). For the bleeding episodes detected in the ICU, a decline in haemoglobin (60%, 6/10) was the main manifestation. New abdominal pain (71.43%, 5/7) was the main presentation when the patients left the ICU. In conclusion, abdominal pain was the main early clinical presentation of delayed bleeding following discharge from the ICU or hospital.
Silver-enhanced colloidal gold dip strip immunoassay integrated with smartphone-based colorimetry for sensitive detection of cardiac marker troponin I
Authors: Poosinuntakul Napakporn , Chanmee Theerawut , Porntadavity Sureerut , Chailapakul Orawon , Apilux Amara
Published: November 2022

Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a specific cardiac biomarker for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A sensitive and simple point-of-care test (POCT) is still required for early detection of AMI. To address this need, we developed a dip strip assay based on sandwich immunoassay coupled with a silver enhancement system. Pre-incubation and silver enhancement were introduced to the dip strip to increase sensitivity. Due to the catalytic reaction of the silver enhancement solution, the red color of AuNPs changed to dark brown as silver ions precipitated and enlarged the AuNPs. The obtained results were easily seen by the naked eye. For quantitative analysis, the color intensity of the results was analyzed using a smartphone with RGB color picker application. The effects of operating parameters (volume of AuNP-Ab conjugate, volume of sample, incubation time, and analysis time) were investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) by the naked eye was 0.5 ng/mL. The LOD with silver enhancement was 50-fold lower than without. For quantitative analysis using the smartphone, linearity of detection was observed through the range of 0.5–50 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9952) and the LOD was 0.12 ng/mL. The developed method was successfully applied to detection of cTnI in serum samples, achieving analytical recoveries and %RSD in the ranges of 96.10–119.17% and 2.91–5.13%, respectively. Additionally, this developed assay was not cross reactive with the potentially interfering serum proteins. These results showed the great potential of this dip strip assay as an alternative POCT for detection of serum cTnI.
The force of the myosin motor sets cooperativity in thin filament activation of skeletal muscles
Authors: Caremani Marco , Marcello Matteo , Morotti Ilaria , Pertici Irene , Squarci Caterina , Reconditi Massimo , Bianco Pasquale , Piazzesi Gabriella , Lombardi Vincenzo , Linari Marco
Published: November 2022

Contraction of striated muscle is regulated by a dual mechanism involving both thin, actin-containing filament and thick, myosin-containing filament. Thin filament is activated by Ca2+ binding to troponin, leading to tropomyosin displacement that exposes actin sites for interaction with myosin motors, extending from the neighbouring stress-activated thick filaments. Motor attachment to actin contributes to spreading activation along the thin filament, through a cooperative mechanism, still unclear, that determines the slope of the sigmoidal relation between isometric force and pCa (−log[Ca2+]), estimated by Hill coefficient nH. We use sarcomere-level mechanics in demembranated fibres of rabbit skeletal muscle activated by Ca2+ at different temperatures (12–35 °C) to show that nH depends on the motor force at constant number of attached motors. The definition of the role of motor force provides fundamental constraints for modelling the dynamics of thin filament activation and defining the action of small molecules as possible therapeutic tools.
Screening of global microbiomes implies ecological boundaries impacting the distribution and dissemination of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes
Authors: Lin Qiang , Xavier Basil Britto , Alako Blaise T. F. , Mitchell Alex L. , Rajakani Sahaya Glingston , Glupczynski Youri , Finn Robert D. , Cochrane Guy , Malhotra-Kumar Surbhi
Published: November 2022

Understanding the myriad pathways by which antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARGs) spread across biomes is necessary to counteract the global menace of antimicrobial resistance. We screened 17939 assembled metagenomic samples covering 21 biomes, differing in sequencing quality and depth, unevenly across 46 countries, 6 continents, and 14 years (2005-2019) for clinically crucial ARGs, mobile colistin resistance (mcr), carbapenem resistance (CR), and (extended-spectrum) beta-lactamase (ESBL and BL) genes. These ARGs were most frequent in human gut, oral and skin biomes, followed by anthropogenic (wastewater, bioreactor, compost, food), and natural biomes (freshwater, marine, sediment). Mcr-9 was the most prevalent mcr gene, spatially and temporally; blaOXA-233 and blaTEM-1 were the most prevalent CR and BL/ESBL genes, but blaGES-2 and blaTEM-116 showed the widest distribution. Redundancy analysis and Bayesian analysis showed ARG distribution was non-random and best-explained by potential host genera and biomes, followed by collection year, anthropogenic factors and collection countries. Preferential ARG occurrence, and potential transmission, between characteristically similar biomes indicate strong ecological boundaries. Our results provide a high-resolution global map of ARG distribution and importantly, identify checkpoint biomes wherein interventions aimed at disrupting ARGs dissemination are likely to be most effective in reducing dissemination and in the long term, the ARG global burden.
Genomic ancestry, diet and microbiomes of Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers from San Teodoro cave
Authors: Scorrano Gabriele , Nielsen Sofie Holtsmark , Vetro Domenico Lo , Sawafuji Rikai , Mackie Meaghan , Margaryan Ashot , Fotakis Anna K. , Martínez-Labarga Cristina , Fabbri Pier Francesco , Allentoft Morten E. , Carra Marialetizia , Martini Fabio , Rickards Olga , Olsen Jesper V. , Pedersen Mikkel Winther , Cappellini Enrico , Sikora Martin
Published: November 2022

Recent improvements in the analysis of ancient biomolecules from human remains and associated dental calculus have provided new insights into the prehistoric diet and genetic diversity of our species. Here we present a multi-omics study, integrating metagenomic and proteomic analyses of dental calculus, and human ancient DNA analysis of the petrous bones of two post-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) individuals from San Teodoro cave (Italy), to reconstruct their lifestyle and the post-LGM resettlement of Europe. Our analyses show genetic homogeneity in Sicily during the Palaeolithic, representing a hitherto unknown Italian genetic lineage within the previously identified Villabruna cluster. We argue that this lineage took refuge in Italy during the LGM, followed by a subsequent spread to central-western Europe. Analysis of dental calculus showed a diet rich in animal proteins which is also reflected on the oral microbiome composition. Our results demonstrate the power of this approach in the study of prehistoric humans and will enable future research to reach a more holistic understanding of the population dynamics and ecology.
Molecular recognition of a membrane-anchored HIV-1 pan-neutralizing epitope
Authors: Torralba Johana , de la Arada Igor , Partida-Hanon Angélica , Rujas Edurne , Arribas Madalen , Insausti Sara , Valotteau Claire , Valle Javier , Andreu David , Caaveiro José M. M. , Jiménez María Angeles , Apellániz Beatriz , Redondo-Morata Lorena , Nieva José L.
Published: November 2022

Antibodies against the carboxy-terminal section of the membrane-proximal external region (C-MPER) of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) are considered as nearly pan-neutralizing. Development of vaccines capable of producing analogous broadly neutralizing antibodies requires deep understanding of the mechanism that underlies C-MPER recognition in membranes. Here, we use the archetypic 10E8 antibody and a variety of biophysical techniques including single-molecule approaches to study the molecular recognition of C-MPER in membrane mimetics. In contrast to the assumption that an interfacial MPER helix embodies the entire C-MPER epitope recognized by 10E8, our data indicate that transmembrane domain (TMD) residues contribute to binding affinity and specificity. Moreover, anchoring to membrane the helical C-MPER epitope through the TMD augments antibody binding affinity and relieves the effects exerted by the interfacial MPER helix on the mechanical stability of the lipid bilayer. These observations support that addition of TMD residues may result in more efficient and stable anti-MPER vaccines.
Process Synthesis of BTL, LCA (Scale, Coproduction)
Authors: James Olusola O. , Maity Sudip
Published: November 2022

Liquid fuels are the power house of modern society. Presently, the bulk of the liquid fuel supply is from petroleum, and the untamed appetite for liquid fuel is pushing society toward the tolerance limit in terms of sustainable development. Meanwhile, vast amounts of biomass are produced annually through photosynthesis. In terms of empirical composition, biomass is similar to coal; hence it is envisaged that technologies hitherto developed for coal liquefaction could be adapted for liquefaction of biomass to hydrocarbon biofuels. However, the liquefaction process suffers from a low liquid fuel yield. In this chapter, we elaborate on this challenge and discuss emerging new opportunities to enhance the liquid fuel yield from biomass liquefaction processes. Thermodynamically, transforming a lower-energy-density feedstock into a higher-energy-density product is associated with a huge energy loss penalty. This is the heart of the problem of a low liquid fuel yield from biomass liquefaction. In this chapter, we explain how some of the energy loss penalty can be compensated for by renewable energy resources. We also discuss tandem processes for enhancing the economics of the biomass liquefaction process and highlight emerging new chemistry techniques for achieving this.
A multifunctional black phosphorus-based adhesive patch intrinsically induces partial EMT for effective burn wound healing
Authors: Wang Xiaomeng , Tang Xiaoduo , Li Nuo , Sun Yihan , Yu Ruotong , Zhang Junhu , Li Daowei , Yang Bai , Sun Hongchen
Published: November 2022

A newly NIR-responsive adhesive patch (C&BP-Patch) was developed for infected burn wounds treatment. The C&BP-Patch could orchestrate wound healing to stabilize microenvironment which enable proper EMT for rapid re-epithelialization.
An ‘AND’-based ratiometric fluorescence probe for the sequential detection of biothiols and hypochlorous acid
Authors: Zhang Hong , Li Ling-Ling , Shi Lei , Chen Shang-Yong , Li Kun , Yu Xiao-Qi
Published: November 2022

A novel ‘AND’-based ratiometric fluorescence probe for the sequential detection of biothiols and hypochlorous acid was developed, which exhibits fast response time and good selectivity in living cells.
Factors influencing self-trapped exciton emission of low-dimensional metal halides
Authors: Han Ying , Cheng Xiaohua , Cui Bin-Bin
Published: November 2022

In this review, we mainly summarized the structure distortion, molecular engineering, electron–phonon coupling effect, external temperature and pressure, and metal ion doping that influence the self-trapped exciton emission of low-dimensional metal halides (LDMHs).
Identification of specific carbonic anhydrase inhibitors via in situ click chemistry, phage-display and synthetic peptide libraries: comparison of the methods and structural study
Authors: Kugler Michael , Hadzima Martin , Dzijak Rastislav , Rampmaier Robert , Srb Pavel , Vrzal Lukáš , Voburka Zdeněk , Majer Pavel , Řezáčová Pavlína , Vrabel Milan
Published: November 2022

Here we show how different selection methods can be used for the discovery of a selective and potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. X-Ray and NMR structural studies were used to reveal the key binding interactions of the inhibitor with the enzyme.
Continuous and large-scale synthesis of Ni–Co PBA nanoparticles with a tunable particle size in a microreactor
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Qu Qi , Liu Zhiming , He Yan , Gao Jiangshan
Published: November 2022

A micro-mix strategy for the continuous and large-scale synthesis of Ni–Co PBA nanoparticles.
Intelligent wearable devices based on nanomaterials and nanostructures for healthcare
Authors: Xie Liping , Zhang Zelin , Wu Qiushuo , Gao Zhuxuan , Mi Gaotian , Wang Renqiao , Sun Hong-bin , Zhao Yue , Du Yanan
Published: November 2022

A systematic summary from mechanisms, sensors based on nanomaterials and nanostructures, algorithms, to multifunctional devices for smart healthcare.
An 8-bit monochrome palette of fluorescent nucleic acid sequences for DNA-based painting
Authors: Kekić Tadija , Lietard Jory
Published: November 2022

Using fluorescent labelling, graphical inputs in 8-bit monochrome format can be copied as DNA microarrays in 256 colours with high fidelity. This effort highlights the versatility ofin situmicroarray photolithography for surface patterning.
The enhanced effect of magnetism on the thermoelectric performance of a CrI3 monolayer
Authors: Zhou Zhe , Li Yan-Li , Sun Zhi-Gang , Wang Jia-Fu , Chen Ming-Yan
Published: November 2022

The effect of magnetism on the thermoelectric (TE) transformation efficiency has recently attracted a lot of attention.
Application of a BPH zeolite for the transesterification of glycerol to glycerol carbonate: effect of morphology, cation type and reaction conditions
Authors: Kosawatthanakun Siriporn , Clatworthy Edwin B. , Ghojavand Sajjad , Sosa Narongrit , Wittayakun Jatuporn , Mintova Svetlana
Published: November 2022

Valorization of glycerol (Gly) to high-value chemicals is the key to unlocking economic and sustainable biodiesel production.
Metallic boro-carbides of A2BC (A = Ti, Zr, Hf and W): a comprehensive theoretical study for thermo-mechanical and optoelectronic applications
Authors: Islam R. , Hossain M. M. , Ali M. A. , Uddin M. M. , Naqib S. H.
Published: November 2022

The Ti2BC reflectivity spectra never fall below 53% in the 0 to 10.3 eV photon range, showing as a coating material to reduce solar heating. The W2BC has a Vickers hardness of ∼36 GPa with ductility, showing potential for hard coating application.
Low dark current density in organic photodiodes achieved by reduced trap states of conjugated polymers bearing a fluorinated moiety
Authors: Bai Yongqi , Seo Sungwoo , Ha Jong-Woon , Yoon Minho , Yang Ning , Park Hea Jung , Yoon Sung Cheol , Lee Changjin , Hwang Do-Hoon , Lee Jiyoul
Published: November 2022

A strategy to obtain low Jd in OPDs from a material point of view is presented: fluorination of the electron donor unit in a donor–acceptor type conjugated polymer is an effective way to reduce the Jd of OPDs by suppressing the trap DOS.
Court Access for People With Aphasia: A Review of Case Law From 1915 to 2021
Authors: Sherratt Sue
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Communicative access to participate in daily life is of paramount importance to individuals with communication disorders such as aphasia. Access to the courts may present additional hurdles due to inaccessible legal information and resources, lack of awareness of legal issues, high costs, and the communication disabilities involved in testifying and giving evidence. To address these challenges, this study aims to determine the issues faced by people with aphasia (PWA) accessing the court system in the United States as victims, plaintiffs, or defendants.

Method:

Using the LexisNexis and Google Scholar case law databases, a systematic review of all U.S. court cases (1915–2021) documenting aphasia/dysphasia revealed 1,926 case reports. After elimination for exclusion criteria, 389 were analyzed using data software to identify types of cases, description and assessment of aphasia, health professionals, and accommodations provided. To facilitate access to this large amount of data, quantitative descriptive statistics are provided and exemplified with quotes.

Results:

Analysis revealed the continued confusion and inaccuracy surrounding the terms “aphasia/dysphasia,” the lack of knowledge about these deficits both generally and within the justice system, and the absence of involvement of speech-language pathologists. Assessments of PWA were usually conducted by psychologists or medical professionals, and accommodations to allow greater participation for PWA were rarely permitted.

Conclusions:

PWA are at continued risk of being unable to access and participate in the justice system. The speech-language pathology scope of practice means that we have no choice but to raise awareness of access to court for PWA and to advocate for the role of speech-language pathologists within the health and legal professions in assessing, supporting, and developing strategies to facilitate PWA to be more equitable members of society and equal participants in the justice system. Three practical strategies to facilitate their more equitable participation in the court system are detailed.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21561255
Smart in city performance: More to practical life than hardware and software
Authors: Hatem Faten
Published: November 2022

Visions of Smart cities claim to offer better liveability and sustainability through information and communication technology. This study promotes the importance of focussing on spatial aspects and affective factors that impact smart urbanism. It seeks better to inform city governance, spatial planning, and policymaking to focus on what Smart does and what it can achieve for cities in terms of performance rather than on using the notion for prestige purposes. Also, the study recognises the importance of establishing a new meaning for urban progress by moving beyond improving the city's basic services to enhance the actual human experience, which is essential for developing authentic smart cities. The topic presents four overlooked areas: the efficiency paradox, the social aspect, connectedness with nature, and utilising untapped resources. The argument does not invite exploring these themes in silos; it collectively examines smart cities in performance, arguing that there is more to the practical life of smart cities than software and hardware inventions. The research uses a case study approach, presenting Milton Keynes as a living example to learn from while engaging with various methods for data collection, including multi‐disciplinary semi‐structured interviews, field observations, and data mining.
Effect of multiphase flux with BaO addition on phosphorus partition
Authors: Song Yansong , Hu Xiaojun , Chou Kuochih
Published: November 2022

It is important to clarify the effect of BaO in phosphorus partition of multiphase flux. In current work, the slag CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5 with different contents of BaO was cooled from 1873 K to 1673 K to investigate the effect of BaO on phosphorus partition of solid solution. The phosphorous partition between the solid solution phase and liquid phase was obtained. In order to further inspect the effect of BaO on phosphorus partition, the experiment of reaction between 2CaO · SiO2 (C2S)-FetO/Fe2O3-BaO slag and hot metal was carried out. Furthermore, the CaO-FetO slag was also studied to compare the dephosphorization effect to C2S-FetO/Fe2O3-BaO slag. The phosphorus partition ratios Lp between the slag and hot metal were obtained. The result showed that when the slag CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5-BaO with various BaO content was cooled down from 1873 K to 1673 K, the solid solution was precipitated, and the enrichment of phosphorus in solid solution phase was improved with the addition of BaO. The phosphorus element content in solid solution increased from 4.16% to 5.27% with the increasing of BaO content in slag from 0 to 15% at the interval of 5%. Based on the experiment of reaction between slag and hot metal, the phosphorus content in hot metal showed that the barium ion was more beneficial to enrichment of phosphorus and the function of BaO was promoted by the addition of Fe2O3. The phosphorus partition ratio Lp between the slag C2S-FetO-BaO and hot metal was 295.38, which was higher than 208.24 that without BaO. The phosphorus partition ratio Lp between the slag CaO-FetO and hot metal was 217.50. The phosphorus partition ratio Lp between the slag C2S-Fe2O3-BaO and hot metal was 418.75, higher than that of the slag C2S-FetO-BaO.
The Effect of Work Motivation on the Performance of Elementary School Teachers
Authors: Au Hurit Andreas , GR Hallatu Trinovianto , Tembang Yonarlianto
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an effect of work motivation on the performance of Public Elementary School 2 teachers in Merauke. This study uses a survey method with a quantitative approach. The research data was obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to 32 teachers. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression statistics. To get the results of accurate data analysis, software assistance is used in Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 24. The results of data analysis show that there is a significant effect of work motivation on teacher performance (0.000 <0.05), and the magnitude of the effect of work motivation on teacher performance. is 76.7%. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of work motivation on the teacher’s performance.
Effekte von Kooperationen auf die gesundheitliche Versorgung nach
häuslicher und sexualisierter Gewalt in Hessen und deren Auswirkungen
auf die Umsetzung der Istanbul-Konvention
Authors: Haneck Stefanie , Hahn Daphne
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund Häusliche und sexuelle Gewalt stellt ein zentrales
Risiko für die Gesundheit von Frauen dar. Die Istanbul-Konvention zur
Verhütung und Bekämpfung von Gewalt gegen Frauen und
häuslicher Gewalt stellt auch an die gesundheitliche Versorgung neue
Anforderungen. Für eine adäquate Versorgung von Betroffenen ist
die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den an der Versorgung beteiligten Stellen sehr
wichtig. Bisher fehlen jedoch Übersichten über Arbeitsweisen und
Vernetzungsformen im Zusammenhang mit der gesundheitlichen Versorgung nach
Gewalt.

Methode Es wurden 34 leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews mit
Gesundheitsfachkräften in Kliniken und anderen Einrichtungen des
Gesundheitswesens, Mitarbeiter*innen in Schutzambulanzen und
Beratungsstellen, Frauenbeauftragten sowie Koordinierungsstellen
geführt. Die Interviews wurden mit der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse
ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Eine kontinuierliche und strukturierte Zusammenarbeit zwischen
den verschiedenen Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens und weiteren Akteuren in
Hessen in Bezug auf das Thema Gewalt fehlt bisher. Es existieren in Hessen
Angebote, die auf die gesundheitliche Versorgung nach sexueller und/oder
häuslicher Gewalt spezialisiert sind. Eine Zusammenarbeit findet
allerdings im Gesundheitswesen meistens nur anlassbezogen statt. Im Rahmen der
regionalen Runden Tische gegen häusliche Gewalt gibt es keine
Gesundheitsfachkräfte als feste Teilnehmer*innen.

Schlussfolgerung Eine adäquate gesundheitliche Versorgung nach
häuslicher und sexueller Gewalt kann für Betroffene nicht
gewährleistet werden. Die Einrichtung einer Koordinierungsstelle, die
allein für die gesundheitliche Versorgung nach Gewalt zuständig
ist, könnte die verschiedenen Akteure zusammenbringen und eine
kontinuierliche Arbeit an der Thematik gewährleisten.
Das Entscheidungsverhalten in Arztbewertungsportalen. Ergebnisse
einer Vignettenstudie in den neuen Bundesländern
Authors: Schmidt Christine , Suhr Melissa , Kriwy Peter
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund Wie relevante Informationen bei der Arztsuche über
Arztbewertungsportale im Entscheidungsprozess für oder gegen die Wahl
von bestimmten Ärztinnen und Ärzten abgewogen werden, ist
bislang weitgehend unbekannt. Speziell wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob zugunsten
einer guten Note auch längere Anfahrtswege in Kauf genommen werden.

Methodik In einer Vignettenstudie wurden 192 Befragten aus neuen
Bundesländern je zehn Treffer einer fingierten Suche nach einem Hausarzt
oder einer Hausärztin vorgelegt. Insgesamt wurden 1881
Wahlwahrscheinlichkeiten mit clusterkorrigierten Regressionen ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Eine gute Note und eine geringe Entfernung zur Arztpraxis sind
die wichtigsten Determinanten einer positiven Wahlwahrscheinlichkeit. Zugunsten
einer guten Note werden jedoch keine längeren Anfahrtswege in Kauf
genommen. Arabisch klingende Namen reduzieren die Wahlwahrscheinlichkeit stark,
obwohl die Befragten dem Namen der Ärzte als Entscheidungsgrundlage nur
eine untergeordnete Bedeutung zuweisen.

Schlussfolgerung Das Einzugsgebiet der Ärzte im niedergelassenen
Bereich erhöht sich nicht, wenn sie auf Bewertungsportalen gute Noten
erhalten. Servicequalität ist wichtig, fällt aber im Vergleich
zur Note der Bewertung nachrangig aus.
Simultaneous Multifrequency (SiMFy) Stimulus: A Novel and Reliable Stimulus for Frequency Tuning of Ocular Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials
Authors: Singh Niraj Kumar , Ravikumar Mamatha Hunsur , Maruthy Sandeep
Published: November 2022

Background Frequency tuning of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) refers to the frequency of tone burst that produces the largest amplitude oVEMP. There is an ever-growing pool of published studies that found the frequency tuning of oVEMP distinctly different in Ménière's disease than the age-matched controls and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. However, recording oVEMP in response to many frequencies makes an already lengthy vestibular test battery even more cumbersome and time-consuming.

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a novel time-saving stimulus that produces reliable results.

Research Design Prospective study.

Study Sample The study included 25 young, healthy adults.

Data Collection The tone-bursts of 2000, 1500, 1000, 750, 500, and 250 Hz were generated and sequenced in this order to prepare a stimulus for simultaneous multifrequency (SiMFy) oVEMP. The response parameters of SiMFy and conventional oVEMP methods were compared.

Results No significant difference in peak-to-peak amplitude and frequency tuning existed between conventional and SiMFy oVEMP (p > 0.05). SiMFy had better test–retest reliability and was less time-consuming than the conventional oVEMP.

Conclusions SiMFy is a time-saving and reliable stimulus for obtaining frequency tuning of oVEMP with no compromise on the outcomes. It can be immediately applied in most commercially available evoked potential systems with a facility for loading an external stimulus.
Development of the Urinary Tract in Fetal Rats: A Micro-CT Study
Authors: Wille Stephanie , Peukert Nicole , Haak Rainer , Riedel Jan , Mayer Steffi , Kluth Dietrich , Lacher Martin , Gosemann Jan-Hendrik , Markel Moritz
Published: November 2022

Introduction Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is an established tool to study fetal development in rodents. This study aimed to use micro-CT imaging to visualize the development of the urinary tract in fetal rats.

Materials and Methods Fetal rats from embryonic day (ED) 15, ED17, ED19, ED21, and N0 (newborn) (n = 6 per group; 3 males) were fixed and desiccated using the “critical point” technique. We utilized the micro-CT system (SkyScan) and analyzed the resulting scans with CTAn, DataViewer, and ImageJ to visualize the morphology and quantify the volumes of kidney, bladder, adrenal gland, as well as length of the ureter.

Results High-resolution micro-CT showed continuous growth of both kidneys from ED15 to N0, with the highest increase between ED19 and ED21. The length of the ureter increased from ED15 to ED21 and remained stable until birth. The volume of the bladder steadily increased from ED15 to N0.

In females, a statistically higher volume of the adrenal gland on ED21 was observed, whereas no sex-specific differences were seen for kidney, ureter, and bladder development.

Conclusion Micro-CT depicts an excellent tool to study urinary tract development in the fetal and neonatal rat. It enables the metric quantification of longitudinal anatomic changes in high definition without previous destructive tissue preparation. The present study revealed sex-specific differences of the adrenal gland development and provides comprehensive data for the understanding of fetal urinary tract development, inspiring future research on congenital urological malformations.
A biophotonic platform for quantitative analysis in the spatial, spectral, polarimetric, and goniometric domains
Authors: Månefjord Hampus , Li Meng , Brackmann Christian , Reistad Nina , Runemark Anna , Rota Jadranka , Anderson Benjamin , Zoueu Jeremie T. , Merdasa Aboma , Brydegaard Mikkel
Published: November 2022

Advanced instrumentation and versatile setups are needed for understanding light interaction with biological targets. Such instruments include (1) microscopes and 3D scanners for detailed spatial analysis, (2) spectral instruments for deducing molecular composition, (3) polarimeters for assessing structural properties, and (4) goniometers probing the scattering phase function of, e.g., tissue slabs. While a large selection of commercial biophotonic instruments and laboratory equipment are available, they are often bulky and expensive. Therefore, they remain inaccessible for secondary education, hobbyists, and research groups in low-income countries. This lack of equipment impedes hands-on proficiency with basic biophotonic principles and the ability to solve local problems with applied physics. We have designed, prototyped, and evaluated the low-cost Biophotonics, Imaging, Optical, Spectral, Polarimetric, Angular, and Compact Equipment (BIOSPACE) for high-quality quantitative analysis. BIOSPACE uses multiplexed light-emitting diodes with emission wavelengths from ultraviolet to near-infrared, captured by a synchronized camera. The angles of the light source, the target, and the polarization filters are automated by low-cost mechanics and a microcomputer. This enables multi-dimensional scatter analysis of centimeter-sized biological targets. We present the construction, calibration, and evaluation of BIOSPACE. The diverse functions of BIOSPACE include small animal spectral imaging, measuring the nanometer thickness of a bark-beetle wing, acquiring the scattering phase function of a blood smear and estimating the anisotropic scattering and the extinction coefficients, and contrasting muscle fibers using polarization. We provide blueprints, component list, and software for replication by enthusiasts and educators to simplify the hands-on investigation of fundamental optical properties in biological samples.