bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical and cognitive function to explain the quality of life among older adults with cognitive impairment: Exploring cognitive function as a mediator
Authors: Rhayun Song , Fan Xing , Seo Jisu
Published: September 2022

Background: Physical and cognitive function are both indicators of aging, characterized by a loss of adaptive response to life challenges and functional limitations subsequently affecting their quality of life. This study aimed to identify the direct effect of physical function and the indirect effect of cognitive function on the quality of life in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
Methods: The study participants were 79 older adults recruited from community centers in four urban districts of Korea. All participants completed a self-reported questionnaire for demographic characteristics and outcome variables. Outcome measures included physical function (grip strength, balance, and mobility), cognitive function, and mental and physical components of quality of life (QOL). Statistical analyses were conducted using hierarchical multiple linear regression and the PROCESS macro for mediation analysis.
Results: The mean age of participants was 77.46 years old with an elementary or lower education level (53.2%). The mean score of cognitive function was 16.39 (SD=6.5). Physical function (grip strength, balance, mobility) and cognitive function explained 25% of the variance in physical (p=0.004) and 29% in mental (p<0.001) components of QOL after controlling for age, sex, and education level. Mobility was associated with both physical (β=-0.27, p=0.024) and mental (β=-0.36, p=0.002) components of QOL. The cognitive function partially mediated the relationship between balance and the physical component of QOL; the proportion of mediation was 55%.
Conclusions: In conclusion, physical and cognitive function were significant predictors of QOL in older adults with cognitive impairment. Specifically, balance has significant indirect effects on the physical component of QOL through cognitive function as a mediator. Health-promoting strategies could be more effective when focusing on the direct effect of physical function as well as the mediating effect of cognitive function to promote the quality of life in this population.
Comparison of Walkability of Commercial Arteries by Using PEDS Tool. Case from Northern Cyprus
Authors: Darwich Mohammad , Kara Can
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative study on walkability using both streamlines. Two popular streets in North Cyprus, Ismet Inonu Boulevard in Famagusta and Osman Pasha Street in Nicosia are selected for this study. To fulfill the aim of the study, mix-method approach is used. In the qualitative phase of the study, Pedestrian Environment Data Scan (PEDS) is exploited. This tool directs observation through several items. The quantitative phase is performed by proposing a model of walkability considering different dimensions suggested in the literature. The questionnaire survey was conducted on both streets separately and the model is evaluated. All constructs of the proposed model are confirmed and then used to statistically compare street walkability dimensions in the case studies. A comparative study of these streets in terms of walkability helped in understanding the weaknesses and strengths of the designs and led to guidelines for intervention and modification to improve street walkability and encourage people to walk more.
Meta-QTL Analysis and Identification of Candidate Genes for Spot Blotch Resistance in Bread Wheat
Authors: Sharma Vaishali , Vasistha Neeraj Kumar
Published: September 2022

In bread wheat, a meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis was conducted using 275 QTLs that were available from 24 earlier studies and 275 QTLs were identified from all these studies of QTLs analysis. A dense consensus map comprising 73788 molecular markers. These 275 QTLs resulted 22 MQTLs, which were found on 15 of the 21 chromosomes (excluding 1D, 3D, 4A, 5D, 6B, and 6D). MQTLs Composite interval (CI) ranged from maximum 0.0 to maximum 422.9 cM. Furthermore, 11 MQTLs out of the 22 MQTLs affected more than one feature, demonstrating their pleiotropic nature. The following four MQTLs were significant among these 11 MQTLs: (1) MQTL14, MQTL15, MQTL21 and MQTL22 which were the major MQTL located on chromosome 5B and 7D with PVE 17.12% and 10.5% and mean PVE % for individual MQTLs ranged from 4.0–19% with their CI ranging from 0.0 cM (MQTL1) to 422.8 cM (MQTL22). Each MQTL exhibits a unique set of features such as stay green, wheat flag leaf senescence, green leaf area duration, green leaf area of main stem, and all the above resistance to spot blotch. MQTL2, MQTL3, MQTL10, and MQTL13 were shown to have a variety of features at one locus, demonstrating a close relationship between these characters. In present study, we found two major spot blotch resistance genes,Sb1andSb2, with QTLs shownQsb.bhu-5B, Qsb.pau-5B, Qsb.bhu-7D, QTs-7D, andQTs-7D. We had also found other QTLs those were associated with spot blotch resistance. These QTLs wereQGlnms20-5B,QSG.qgw-5B,QGlad25-5B, QTmrs-5B, andQTs-7D. Total 2509 unique CGs have been identified in the genomic areas of 22 MQTLs. These CGs encoded approximately 503 proteins in which the role of 412 protein have already been established in the resistance to several biotic stresses. The differential expression of candidate genes were measured on the basis of fold change value and found the maximum 5.4-fold change for positive regulation and − 5 FC value for the negative regulation. These genes were encoding proteins from the following classes: Proteins with a R domain, Transcription factors (Zn finger binding proteins, SANT/Myb domains, NAC domain, BTF3), Sugar phosphate transporter domain, Zinc finger C2H2-type, Protein kinase domain, DEP domain, NB-ARC, Leucine-rich repeat domain superfamily, AAA + ATPase domain.
Activity of Decitabine (DEC) Combined with All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) in oligoblastic AML: Results from a Randomized 2x2 Phase II Trial (DECIDER)
Authors: Rummelt Christoph , Grishina Olga , Schmoor Claudia , Crysandt Martina , Heuser Michael , Götze Katharina S. , Schlenk Richard F. , Döhner Konstanze , Salih Helmut R. , Heil Gerhard , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Brugger Wolfram , Kündgen Andrea , Wit Maike , Giagounidis Aristoteles , Scholl Sebastian , Neubauer Andreas , Krauter Jürgen , Bug Gesine , Al-Ali Haifa Kathrin , Wäsch Ralph , Becker Heiko , May Annette M. , Duyster Justus , Hackanson Björn , Ganser Arnold , Döhner Hartmut , Lübbert Michael
Published: September 2022

DNA-hypomethylating agents are the backbone for non-intensive combination treatments of AML/MDS. In elderly AML patients, a combination of DEC+ATRA resulted in an improved response rate and survival compared to DEC without ATRA, also in those with prior hematologic disorder; additional valproic acid did not play a significant role (Lübbert et al., JCO 2020). To evaluate whether patients with oligoblastic AML also benefit from this combination, patients from the DECIDER cohort with 20-30% bone marrow blasts were analyzed for clinical outcome in this exploratory, not pre-planned subgroup analysis. They were newly diagnosed with AML, were unfit for induction and received DEC 20 mg/m2 day 1-5 in all arms, ATRA day 6-28 (arms C/D) and VPA p.o. continuously from day 6 (arms B/D) of each 28-day course. 200 patients were randomized and treated, 56 with oligoblastic AML. Of these, six attained a CR, 7 a CRi, and 1 a PR, resulting in an ORR of 25%. The effect on ORR of ATRA vs no ATRA was 31.8 vs 20.6% with an odds ratio of 1.85 (95% CI 0.54-6.37, p=0.33). With 48 deaths out of 56 patients, median OS was 9.1 months. The effect on OS of ATRA vs. no ATRA was 11.5 vs 7.6 months with a HR of 0.71 (95% CI 0.40-1.29, p=0.26). In elderly patients with oligoblastic AML ineligible for induction chemotherapy, the addition of ATRA to DEC resulted in a clinically meaningful survival benefit. We hypothesize that the combination of an HMA with a retinoid may also be active in MDS with excess blasts.
IL13 and periostin in active fibrogenic areas of the extrahepatic bile ducts in biliary atresia patients
Authors: Sengoku Yuki , Higashi Mayumi , Nagayabu Kazuya , Takayama Shohei , Fumino Shigehisa , Aoi Shigeyoshi , Furukawa Taizo , Tajiri Tatsuro
Published: September 2022

Background: The leading pathology of biliary atresia (BA) is inflammatory and fibrous obstruction of extrahepatic bile duct, butthe pathogenesis remains unclear.IL13 is a cytokine associated with allergies and inflammatory fibrosis, and periostin induces fibrogenesis by stimulation with IL13. We analyzed the involvement of IL13 and periostin in inflammatory fibrosis in the extrahepatic bile duct of BA patients.
Materials and Methods: Surgically resected tissues from the hepatic hilar area of BA patients were immunostained with CD45, α-SMA, IL13 and periostin and statistically analyzed. Fibroblasts from the resected tissue were cultured with recombinant IL13, and periostin production was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.
Results: IL13 was stained in 93% of large and micro bile ducts, and 92.1% matched with the CD45 location (p=0.006) around the large bile ducts. Periostin staining correlated with the localization of IL13 and αSMA (p<0.001) around the large bile ducts. Periostin mRNA and protein were up regulated by IL13 stimulation in cultured fibroblasts.
Conclusion: IL13 was associated with induced periostin expression by fibroblasts, playing a vital role in the pathogenesis of fibrogenesis around the extrahepatic bile duct in BA.
A Comparison of invasive arterial blood pressure measurement with oscillometric non-invasive blood pressure measurement in patients with sepsis
Authors: Jiang Ziqing , Li Shaoying , Lin Wang , Yu Feng , Zeng Yanping , Li Hongbo , Li Jun , Zhang Zhanfeng , Zuo Junling
Published: September 2022

Background
Multiple studies had investigated the discrepancies of different blood pressure monitoring techniques in critical patients, but it remained controversial in patients with sepsis. This study aimed to compare non-invasive oscillometric blood pressure (NIBP) measurement with invasive arterial blood pressure (IBP) measurement in patients with sepsis.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the agreement between IBP and NIBP using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Paired blood pressure measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were compared using Bland-Altman analysis and paired Student’s t-test. We also focus on the effect of NE on the agreement between the two methods and the association between blood pressure and mortality during intensive care unit (ICU) stay.
Results
A total of 96,673 paired blood pressure measurements from 6,060 unique patients were analyzed in the study. In Bland-Altman analysis, the bias (± SD, 95% limits of agreement) was 6.21mmHg (± 12.05mmHg, -17.41 to 29.83mmHg) for MAP, 0.39mmHg (± 19.25mmHg, -37.34 to 38.12mmHg) for SBP, and 0.80mmHg (± 12.92mmHg, -24.52 to 26.12mmHg) for DBP between the two techniques. Similarly, large limits of agreement were shown in different groups of NE doses. NE doses significantly affected the agreement between IBP and NIBP. SBP between the two methods gave an inconsistent assessment of patients’ risk of ICU mortality.
Conclusion
IBP and NIBP were not interchangeable in septic patients. Clinicians should be aware that non-invasive MAP was clinically and significantly underestimated invasive MAP.
Coding Complexity Cost and the Optimal Number of Bases
Authors: Kak Subhash
Published: September 2022

The question of efficient coding of information for engineered and natural systems is connected both with the use of applicable probability distribution and assignment of appropriate dimensionality with the data. When the cost of coding of data or that of classes increases linearly with the number of bases, ternary coding is superior to binary, and coding in e is optimal. This paper investigates the relative efficiency of bases for the cases when the cost complexity is affine (slope-intercept linear) or exponential. The affine cases for which binary and ternary bases are optimal are presented. Noninteger number of bases imply self-similarity and, therefore, this study forms a bridge to the use of the Newcomb-Benford distribution in a variety of applications.
Viability of Pressure Reducing Valves for Leak Reduction in Water Distribution Systems
Authors: Jones Frederick , Barkdoll Brian
Published: September 2022

Since water distribution systems are so important to public health and many are leaking in unknown locations, a modeling study was performed to investigate the feasibility of installing pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in various locations throughout several systems. A PRV was tried in each pipe, one by one, and the total cost (energy costs plus opportunity costs of losing water that could have been sold) calculated. It was found that installing a PRV in the upstream pipes reduced costs the most and that putting a PRV in some pipes actually lost money due to the high cost of the PRV and associated fittings. Also, a PRV on the upstream portion of a large branch saved water leakage. Energy is saved when a PRV is placed near a pump for systems with high energy consumption.
Facilitated Ureteroscopy with DJ stent implantation in Ureterolithiasis- insights from a retrospective study
Authors: Lidawi Ghalib , Fanne Rami Abu , Majdoub Muhammad , Asali Mohsin , Zeina Abdel-Rauf , Rub Ronen
Published: September 2022

Objective: We aimed to investigate the role of upstream Double J-stent insertion on surgical outcomes of retrograde semi-rigid ureteroscopy in patients with upper ureter stones.
Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed 290 patients who underwent retrograde semi-rigid ureteroscopy (URS) for upper ureter stones between April 2018 and September 2019. Patients were divided into two groups: delayed primary URS, and upstream, preoperative DJ stent placement URS group (using DJ stent). Operation time, postoperative hospital stay, complications, stone-free rate and risk for repeat operation and requisites for postoperative DJ stent were measured for each patient after ureteroscopy.
Results: The median age in the DJ stented and non-stented groups was 49.1±14.3 and 46.4±13 years, respectively (p=0.11). Stone laterality, the proportion of male patients, and urinary tract infection prevalence were comparable between the groups. The median operation time was 15.5±7 min vs. 16±8.7 min (p=0.89), and stone-clearance rate was 95% vs. 88.8 % (p=0.12). Impressively, the need for "rescue" DJ stenting at the end of initial ureteroscopy (27.7% and 54%, respectively, P<0.001), the duration of postoperative indwelling DJ stenting (11.7 vs. 16.4 days, P<0.001, respectively), and the need for redo ureteroscopy (3.75% vs. 11.9%, P<0.03) were all significantly lower in the upstream DJ group.
Conclusion: facilitated semi-rigid ureteroscopy with upstream DJ stenting for small and medium size ureteral stones has favorable periprocedural outcomes compared with primary ureteroscopy. Therefore, it seems prudent to preoperatively insert DJ stent whenever ureteroscopy is considered for ureteral stones.
Reaching Circular Economy through Circular Chemistry: The Basis for Sustainable Development
Authors: Guarieiro Lilian , Rezende Michelle , Barbosa Willams , da Rocha Gisele , Pereira Pedro Afonso , Fernandes Daniella , Lopes Wilson , Mota Claudio , de Andrade Jailson
Published: September 2022

Circular chemistry (CC) is an approach for establishing chemical processes to become truly circular and sustainable. It adopts the principles of circular economy (CE), employing life cycle approaches and systems thinking, which help to understand and address the sustainability issues of chemical processes and products. Within this whole context, it is possible to identify some problems of the current lifestyle, such as plastic waste disposal, CO2 emission, e-waste, among others, which need to be addressed accordingly. The reuse provided, well-structured within the context of circular chemistry, can bring benefits in all spheres: social, environmental and economic. Thus, the purpose of this revision is to present CE and CC as the pillars for a sustainable development, bringing discussions about: CE and CC systems; sustainable chemistry; and chemistry 4.0, which embeds digitization, sustainability, and circular economy in industrial chemical processes. Through the knowledge of chemistry, both CC and CE can contribute with innovative methods and processes which maximize benefits, eliminating, or, at least, reducing adverse impacts, thus contributing to construct a mutually beneficial relationship between science and society, its surroundings, and the environment. Therefore, implementing this new model is an opportunity that challenges the human imagination in building a better world.
Barriers to women's participation, leadership, and empowerment in community-managed water and sanitation in rural Bolivia
Authors: Hamlet Leigh , Gutierrez V. B. , Soto A. , Dickin S.
Published: September 2022

Enabling women to be meaningful participants and leaders in rural community-based water and sanitation governance remains a challenge. While the benefits of and barriers to women's participation and leadership have been reported on, there is limited understanding of the role of empowerment in addressing these challenges. To help bridge this knowledge gap, we used a household survey to measure men and women's empowerment in water and sanitation in the rural Tupiza watershed, Bolivia, and key informant interviews with women leaders to identify barriers to leadership. Overall, among survey respondents, fewer men than women were disempowered. Community-level factors, especially those related to comfort in speaking in community meetings and reporting service problems, contributed more to women's disempowerment, as did household-level factors related to work balance and input into decisions about who participates in community water and sanitation activities. Among interviewed community water leaders, many women felt their positions were costly to their households and reported challenges in obtaining technical training and local government assistance, which not only disempowered them as leaders but also was likely tied to poor service delivery and related health outcomes in their communities. We discuss the implications of our findings for rural Bolivia and future research opportunities.
Covid-19 Pandemisi Acil Uzaktan Eğitiminde Fen Bilimleri Öğretmenlerinin Perspektifinden Çevrim İçi Dersler
Authors: YILMAZ Sümeyra , AYDOĞDU Bülent
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmada Fen Bilimleri öğretmenlerinin Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde çevrim içidersler hakkındaki görüşlerini ve deneyimlerini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmadanitel araştırma desenlerinden fenomenoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu 4erkek, 11 kadın olmak üzere toplam 15 Fen Bilimleri öğretmeni maksimum çeşitlilikörneklemesi kullanılarak seçilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan öğretmenler ile görüşmegerçekleştirilmiş ve veriler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. “Covid-19Pandemisinde Fen Bilimleri Çevrim İçi Dersleri” teması altında, “Kullanılan Araçlar”,“Öğretim Yöntem ve Teknikleri”, “Fen Deneyleri”, “Yararlar”, “Sorunlar”, “Ölçmeve Değerlendirme” ve “Öneriler” olmak üzere toplam yedi kategori ortaya çıkmıştır.Çalışmaya katılan Fen Bilimleri öğretmenleri, çevrim içi derslerde araç olarak EBA’yıyöntem olarak da sıkça düz anlatımı kullandıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Katılımcılarçevrim içi derslerde fen deneylerinin büyük bir çoğunluğunu gösteri deneyi olarakgerçekleştirdiklerini dile getirmişlerdir. Katılımcılar teknoloji ve eğitimi bütünleştirmekonusunda çevrim içi derslerin yararlı olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Bunun yanı sıraöğretmenler çevrim içi derslerde belirli konuların öğretiminde zorlandıklarını ve çevrimiçi dersler için materyal eksikliğinin olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Hizmet içi- hizmetöncesi eğitimin önemini vurgulayarak uzaktan ve çevrim içi dersler hakkında eğitimeihtiyaç olduğunu vurgulamışlardır. Çalışmada katılımcıların görüşlerine sıklıkla yerverilmiş ve elde edilen bulgular yorumlanmıştır.
The Therapeutic Potential of Mitochondria Transplantation Therapy in
Neurodegenerative and Neurovascular Disorders
Authors: Khan Mohammad Moshahid , Paez Hector G. , Pitzer Christopher R. , Alway Stephen E.
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders affect millions of people worldwide and account for a large and increasing health burden on the general population. Thus, there is a critical need to identify potential disease-modifying treatments that can prevent or slow the disease progression. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and play an important role in energy metabolism and redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction threatens cell homeostasis, perturbs energy production, and ultimately leads to cell death and diseases. Impaired mitochondrial function has been linked to the pathogenesis of several human neurological disorders. Given the significant contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological disorders, there has been considerable interest in developing therapies that can attenuate mitochondrial abnormalities and proffer neuroprotective effects. Unfortunately, therapies that target specific components of mitochondria or oxidative stress pathways have exhibited limited translatability. To this end, mitochondrial transplantation therapy (MTT) presents a new paradigm of therapeutic intervention, which involves the supplementation of healthy mitochondria to replace the damaged mitochondria for the treatment of neurological disorders. Prior studies demonstrated that the supplementation of healthy donor mitochondria to damaged neurons promotes neuronal viability, activity, and neurite growth and has been shown to provide benefits for neural and extra-neural diseases. In this review, we discuss the significance of mitochondria and summarize an overview of the recent advances and development of MTT in neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders, particularly Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and stroke. The significance of MTT is emerging as they meet a critical need to develop a disease-modifying intervention for neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders.
A 405 nm Photodetector Based on the CsPbBr3-CsPb2Br5 Compound Thin
Film
Authors: Xie Qingshuang , Liu Xing , Guan Lin
Published: September 2022

Aims:

This work reported a 405 nm photodetector based on the thermal evaporated CsPbBr3-CsPb2Br5 compound thin film.

Background:

The post-annealing process of the CsPbBr3-CsPb2Br5 compound thin film prepared by thermal evaporation method has been improved in this work. To enhance the crystallization and photoresponse properties of the thin films, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) steam was used in post-annealing process, instead of using the previous way that increased the annealing temperature.

Methods:

The CsPbBr3-CsPb2Br5 compound powder was deposited directly on surface glass substrate by thermal evaporation to form CsPbBr3-CsPb2Br5 compound thin film. The thin films were post-annealed at 150 oC for 15 min to crystallize. The DMSO liquid was dropped on the substrate, and then the liquid would be evaporated completely to become DMSO steam during 150 oC post-annealing. The DMSO steam would cover the thin film completely to help the crystallization. Finally, the gold electrodes were deposited on surface of thin films with a conductive channel of 1 mm * 100 µm.

Result:

Results showed that the crystalline quality of the thin film after DMSO steam annealing was greatly improved compared with that of thin film without DMSO steam annealing. The energy gap was between 2.355 eV and 2.293 eV, which was similar to the previous report. In addition, under 405 nm excitation, the photocurrent of the thin film annealed in DMSO steam showed the rapid response (35 ms), good light radiation power dependence of the photocurrent and the improved responsivity. Especially, the responsivity at 3 V bias of the thin film annealed in DMSO steam increased to 1.5 times that of the thin film without DMSO steam annealing and even 4.5 times that of as-deposited film.

Conclusion:

A 405 nm photodetector based on the thermal evaporated CsPbBr3-CsPb2Br5 compound thin film was prepared successfully. The newest report has improved the preparation process of CsPbBr3-CsPb2Br5 compound thin films, where low annealing temperature with the DMSO steam assisted post-annealing process was used. The thin film annealed in DMSO steam possesses high crystalline quality and enhanced photoresponse performances, compared with thin film without DMSO steam annealing.
Fungal Digestive Enzymes Promote Macronutrient Hydrolysis in the INFOGEST in vitro Simulation of Digestion
Authors:   BIO-CAT, Inc., Guice Justin , Best Caroline ,   BIO-CAT, Inc., Hollins Morgan ,   BIO-CAT, Inc., Tinker Kelly ,   BIO-CAT, Inc., Garvey Sean ,   BIO-CAT, Inc.
Published: September 2022

Fungal enzymes are common ingredients in dietary supplements that support digestion. At adequate concentrations, exogenous enzymes may improve digestion by hydrolyzing macronutrients beyond acid-mediated hydrolysis, endogenous gastric pepsin, and pancreatic enzymes alone. The purpose of this study was to test the hydrolytic efficacy of 6 commercial fungal enzymes—three proteases, a lipase, an amylase, and a glucoamylase—in the INFOGEST static in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal digestion. The efficacy of 5 doses of each enzyme was determined by measuring free amino nitrogen (FAN), glycerol, maltose, and glucose concentrations following salivary-gastric (SG) and full salivary-gastric-intestinal (SGI) simulations of digestion of an oral nutritional supplement. In the SG simulation, the 3 proteases, lipase, and combination of amylase and glucoamylase promoted greater hydrolysis of dietary protein, fat, and carbohydrates, respectively, compared to control conditions. Acid protease (Aspergillus niger) treatment increased FAN concentrations than controls from 27% at the lowest dose to 142% greater than controls at the highest dose (p<0.0001). Fungal protease (A. oryzae) treatment increased FAN concentration at the highest dose (160,000 HUT, p=0.0115). Peptidase (A. melleus) treatment promoted higher FAN concentrations, up to 50% increase at the highest dose (160 LAPU, p<0.0001). Glycerol concentrations increased across all lipase treatments (p<0.0001), from 4.1-fold to 11.2-fold increases at the lowest and highest doses, respectively. All doses of amylase increased glucose concentrations (p<0.0001), and maltose concentrations started increasing at 4,000 SKB units (p=0.0010). In the SGI simulation, FAN concentrations following protease treatments were similar to control, suggesting little benefit beyond pancreatin alone in this static simulation of healthy digestion. Lipase and amylase/glucoamylase treatments, however, did increase glycerol (p<0.0001) and maltose/glucose concentrations (p<0.0001), respectively, compared to controls in the full SGI simulation. These data demonstrate that exogenous, fungal enzymes can improve macronutrient digestion under the acidic conditions of the gastric simulation, as well as the intestinal simulation.
Enhancing Soybean Meal Demand and Market by Developing Soy Meal Based Aquafeeds
Authors:   Virginia Tech University, Shea Zachary , Zhang Bo ,   Virginia Tech University
Published: September 2022

Generally, about 50-70% of aquaculture production costs are feed related since fish meal is highly expensive ($1,500/metric ton). Due to this, there is a pressing need to find alternative and sustainable sources for fish meal. While soy meal is one alternative, it is limited at how much can be used for fish feed due to the presence of antinutritional factors, such as trypsin inhibitors (TI). This study examines Steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed five different diets that varied in how much soy meal was present, either 0%, 30%, or 60%, and the if the soy came from a low or high TI variety. The five diets were the fish meal control that had no soy meal present, two diets using commercial soy meal with high levels of TI at 30% and 60% inclusion levels (30% and 60% SBM) and two diets using the low-TI variety VT Barrick at 30% and 60% inclusion levels (30% and 60% VSBM). Each diet was fed to three 100 L tanks with 10 fish each for 7 weeks. Fish were weighed at the start of the trial, after 2, 4, and 7 weeks to measure specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and percentage weight gain. After 7 weeks, four fish from each diet had their liver and viscera weighed to determine hepatosomatic index (HIS) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) as well as collecting fecal samples for microbiota analysis. Fish fed the FM, 30% SBM and 30% VSBM were found to have similar growth performances, while the 60% SBM and 60% VSBM were found to have lower growth than the other three diets with the 60% VSBM having the lowest growth.
Dietary Intakes of Trans Fatty Acids in the Canadian Population Before the Prohibition of Partially Hydrogenated Oils
Authors:   Health Canada, Demonty Isabelle , Wang Kuan Chiao ,   Health Canada, Rondeau Isabelle ,   Health Canada, Martineau Chantal ,   Health Canada, Lukeman Lindsay ,   Health Canada, Ibanez Dominique ,   Health Canada
Published: September 2022

Background: In September 2018, the prohibition of partially hydrogenated oils (PHO) came into effect in Canada to reduce industrially produced trans fats (TFA) in the food supply to the lowest level possible. Canada’s public health objective is that ≥90% of the population consume <1% of total energy (1%En) as TFA (WHO recommendation). Objective: Estimate the intakes of TFA by Canadians before the PHO prohibition. Methods: Data from 19,670 participants of the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)–Nutrition 2015 was analyzed. Foods were classified based on the source of TFA (industrially produced only (i-TFA), naturally occurring only (n-TFA), or a mix of both). Food content in TFA originated from 2016 label information and the 2015 Canadian Nutrient File. Mean usual intakes of total TFA and TFA from different sources were estimated for Canadians aged 1-75y. Results: For the overall population, the mean intake of total TFA represented 0.57%En (SE:0.001), with the 95 percentile at 0.93%En (SE:0.005). All age-sex groups had mean TFA intakes <1%E, ranging from 0.52 to 0.71%En. On average, foods containing only n-TFA provided >1/2 of total TFA intake (0.32%En, SE:0.005). Foods containing only i-TFA provided <1/3 of total TFA intake (0.19%En, SE:0.005). The target of ≥90% of the population consuming <1%En as TFA had already been achieved before the PHO prohibition in all age-sex groups, except children 1-3 years old, with 86% within target. In that group, foods containing only n-TFA provided >2/3 of total TFA intake (0.48%En, SE:0.02).Conclusions: Total TFA intakes in Canada before the PHO prohibition were relatively low, likely due to previous initiatives to reduce industrially produced TFA in foods, starting with labelling of the amount of TFA on most pre-packaged foods, which became mandatory in 2007. These analyses will be repeated using post-PHO prohibition data to continue monitoring progress after the prohibition.
Static in vitro Digestibility Impacted by Emulsion Crystallinity Under Different Experimental Conditions
Authors:   University of Guelph, Li Ye Ling , Wright Amanda ,   University of Guelph
Published: September 2022

Understanding better how triacylglycerol (TAG) crystallinity alters lipid digestion should help to clarify the contributions of dietary lipids to postprandial lipemia. The static in vitro digestibility of o/w Span 60 emulsions with similarly sized (~ 500 nm in diameter) palm olein (PO) control or palm stearin (PS) droplets tempered to contain maximal (PS-SE) and partial (PS-SE-25 °C) crystallinity or to remain undercooled (PS-LE) at 37 °C was compared. With low shear and no preceding gastric phase, duodenal lipolysis quantified using a commercial enzymatic assay did not differ up to 10 minutes (p> 0.05) while particle size also did not differ (p> 0.05). Lipolysis then trended higher for the liquid emulsions (i.e., PO and PS-LE), but ultimately did not differ between samples. With low shear gastro-duodenal digestion, PO hydrolysis was unexpectedly lower compared to PS-SE and PS-LE throughout the duodenal phase potentially due to higher particle diameter and stabilizing effects of TAG crystallinity on colloidal properties. Higher shear in the gastro-duodenal digestion attenuated early lipolysis for all PS emulsions but not PO which was digested faster up to 60 minutes and differed from the other samples (p< 0.05). The results were related to differences in particle size such that the extra shear redispersed the acidic-flocculated PO droplets and this may have occurred to a lesser extent in the presence of crystalline TAG. The PS-LE sample, although liquid initially, experienced low level crystallization during digestion which led it to differ from the liquid control PO. Therefore, particle size measured during in vitro digestion indicated that TAG crystallinity differences affected colloidal behaviour and had an overall attenuating effect on lipid digestibility under the most physiologically relevant conditions. The work has relevance to postprandial lipemia since lipid digestibility may modulate lipemic response.
Changes in Energy Metabolism Induced by PFOS and Dietary Oxylipins
Authors:   Clemson University, Evans William , Eccles Jazmine ,   Clemson University, Baldwin William ,   Clemson University
Published: September 2022

CYP2B6 is a drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) that has anti-obesity properties, but also increases non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in hCYP2B6-transgenic mice compared to Cyp2b-null mice. hCYP2B6-transgenic mice are also more susceptible to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) toxicity, a lipid-like toxicant used in stains, varnishes and firefighting foams that increase NAFLD. Our recent research demonstrates that CYP2B6 metabolizes dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids into the oxylipins, 9-HODE and 9-HOTre, which are strong peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARa) agonists and weak PPARg agonists. The purpose of our studies is to better understand the mechanisms behind PFOS and oxylipin-mediated hepatic steatosis. To test whether PFOS, 9-HODE or 9-HOTrE alter mitochondrial metabolism, Seahorse Mitostress assays were performed using HepG2 cells treated with 0.2, 1 and 5mM PFOS, 9-HODE and 9-HOTrE for 24 hours (n=5). Both PFOS and 9-HOTrE increased spare respiratory capacity in a concentration-dependent manner with lesser effects by 9-HODE. qPCR was performed following exposure of HepG2 cells to 1 and 5 mM of each compound to investigate changes in gene expression that may explain alterations in mitochondrial respiration or hepatic steatosis. PFOS repressed expression of ANGPTL4, a biomarker of PPARgactivation. 9-HODE induced CD36 and FASN expression, genes involved in fatty acid uptake and synthesis. 9-HOTrE induced SREBF1 and Cpt1a expression, genes involved in sterol synthesis and fatty acid transport into the mitochondria and may partially explain the increase in SRC. Thus, based on current results, PFOS is associated with reduced transport of lipids from the liver and 9-HODE increases lipid uptake; both would increase steatosis through different mechanisms. 9-HOTre may increase metabolism and therefore reduce steatosis.
Does Cannabidiol Affect the Physical Properties of Anhydrous Milk Fat and Palm Kernel Oil?
Authors:   Utah State University, Cooney Joseph , Martini Silvana
Published: September 2022

As cannabidiol (CBD) is added to more and more foods, it becomes increasingly important to study the effects that this component has on the physical properties of the lipids in which they are dissolved. The viscosity, hardness, melting profile, crystal size, and crystallization behavior of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) and palm kernel oil (PKO) were evaluated in samples with and without the addition of CBD (0, 1, and 2.5%). AMF was crystallized at 26 °C and PKO was crystallized at 22 °C for 90 min. It was found that the addition of CBD delays the solidification of the AMF and PKO, with an increased concentration causing a greater delay. Addition of CBD did not affect hardness of AMF nor PKO. The elastic behavior of the samples was measured after 90 min of crystallization and after storing the samples at 5 and 22 °C for 48h. Results showed that CBD resulted in a more elastic material in AMF, especially when stored at 5 °C but these differences were not observed in PKO. Crystal size increased with increasing CBD concentration for both lipids, while the melting profiles of the crystalline networks obtained were not affected by the CBD presence.
Konsepsi Reformulasi Hierarki PUU Di Indonesia
Authors: Pratama Kristianus Jimy
Published: September 2022

Law Number 15 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 12 of 2011 on Legislation Making classify the types of and the hierarchy of laws and regulations in Indonesia. Meanwhile, in its development, the a quo provisions actually lead to an inconsistency when compared to the ideals and formulations of the Constitution. This article aims to describe the building of legal arguments related to the opportunity to reformulate the types and hierarchies of laws and regulations in Indonesia and the implications of their application. This of normative legal research uses statutory and comparative law approach. The results are that the types and hierarchies of legislation in a country are closely related to the legal system adopted in accordance with the ideals of each basic legal norm in the country and to meet the needs of the community for the rule of law. Therefore, to create legal consistency in each type and hierarchy of laws and regulations in Indonesia, it is necessary to include State Institution Regulations and restore the position of Village Regulations in the hierarchy of laws and regulations.
Pengaruh Kombinasi Polimer PVP:EC dan HPMC:EC Terhadap Sediaan Transdermal Pada Karakteristik Patch yang Baik : Review
Authors:   Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Garut, Garut, Indonesia, Fuziyanti Nova , Najihudin Aji ,   Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Garut, Garut, Indonesia, Hindun Siti ,   Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Garut, Garut, Indonesia
Published: September 2022

Transdermal is a drug delivery system that is placed through the surface of the skin to release the active substance in a certain dose into the bloodstream. The main constituent component in the transdermal drug delivery system which has an effect on characteristics is polymer. One of the developments in the transdermal route is the manufacture of patch preparations. Physically, a good patch must be flexible, thin, smooth, homogeneous, have drying shrinkage and low moisture absorption. So the aim of this review article was to determine the effect of polymer combinations on transdermal preparations on good patch characteristics. The method used in this review article is a literature review of various journals published online, with the category of national and international journals. The results obtained 2 primary journals related to polymer combinations to transdermal preparations, namely the combination of PVP: EC and HPMC: EC. The results of the review show that the polymer combination can have an influence on the characteristics of the patch, including the fold resistance test, weight uniformity test, thickness test, drying shrinkage test and moisture absorption test.
Efektivitas SNEDDS Kombinasi Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Cengkodok (Melasthoma malabathricum)-Antibiotik terhadap Bakteri Hasil Isolat dari Pasien Ulkus Diabetik
Authors:   Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Indonesia, Sari Rafika , Apridamayanti Pratiwi ,   Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Indonesia, Pratiwi Liza ,   Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Indonesia
Published: September 2022

Diabetic ulcer is a condition where there are neurological abnormalities and peripheral arterial vascular disease that causes infection, ulceration, and/or damage to the deepest skin tissue on the feet of people with diabetes mellitus (DM). The long duration of wound healing is due to the wrong use of antibiotics for a long time, and bacteria tend to become resistant to antibiotics. Antimicrobial compound fraction of cengkodok combined with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics for prevention and reduction of antibiotic resistance in the cause of diabetic ulcers. The drug preparation is in the form of self nanoemulsifiying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), which is the optimum combination of cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics. The use of SNEDDS in this study is because the SNEDDS made from nanoemulsion formulations has small particle size, large surface absorption, and good dispersion, so that it can be evenly dispersed on the skin and penetrates the skin layer. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the formulation cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics against B. cereus and S. aureususing the SNEDDS drug delivery system. The test uses the spotless diffusion method without using paper discs. The results showed that the combination of cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics had better activity against B. cereus and S. aureus than cengkodok leaf fraction, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin only.
Caracteres morfométricos y anatómicos de frutos y semillas de una población de Prosopis laevigata (Fabaceae) en Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco, México
Authors: García Azpeitia Lilia , Labrada-Delgado Gladis Judith , Montalvo-González Efigenia , Loza-Cornejo Sofía
Published: September 2022

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Prosopis laevigata, especie de amplia distribución en México, es considerada un recurso con importancia ecológica y socioeconómica. A pesar de que sus semillas y frutos tienen valor nutrimental, los estudios sobre su variación morfológica y anatómica son escasos. Este trabajo es el primero en abordar la morfo-anatomía e histoquímica del fruto y semilla de P. laevigata y tiene como objetivo contribuir al conocimiento de su biología y proporcionar las bases para otras investigaciones con un enfoque ecofisiológico en esta y otras especies del género.
Métodos: Muestras de frutos y semillas fueron recolectadas de árboles de P. laevigata en una localidad de Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco, México, para analizar sus caracteres morfométricos, anatómicos e histoquímicos. Adicionalmente, se estudió su composición micro elemental mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) acoplada a espectroscopia de rayos X de energía dispersiva (EDS). Se aplicaron análisis ANOVA y de correlación para conocer la variabilidad intrapoblacional y asociación entre variables morfométricas.
Resultados clave: El coeficiente de variación más alto (47.7%) fue para el número de semillas por fruto. El ANOVA demostró diferencias estadísticas significativas para las variables longitud (F=7.51, p<0.0001) y ancho de la semilla (F=8.75, p<0.0001); la correlación más alta (0.937) fue para ancho fruto-ancho semilla. Los frutos presentan epicarpo, mesocarpo con cristales de oxalato de calcio y endocarpo coriáceo. Las semillas tienen pleurograma, micrópilo subapical, testa gruesa con epidermis de macroesclereidas y osteoesclereidas en la hipodermis. Cotiledones contienen cuerpos de proteína y endospermo con almidón. La testa y el embrión presentan macroelementos (S, K, Mg) y microelementos (Al, Si, Cu).
Conclusiones: La estructura morfológica, anatómica e histoquímica de frutos y semillas de P. laevigata fueron similares a otros Prosopis. La epidermis en empalizada, hipodermis con osteoesclereidas en la testa de la semilla, los estomas y cristales prismáticos en las vainas podrían representar caracteres ecofisiológicos importantes.
Matemáticas Básicas: Curso de nivelación
Authors: González Cristina Díaz , Rincon-Morantes Jhon Fredy , Valdíri-Lugo Luz Elena , Moreno-Mendoza Yolanda , González-Olaya Ricardo
Published: September 2022

Este libro de formación, con conceptos y ejercicios, se ha elaborado para fortalecer en el estudiante las operaciones básicas con números enteros y racionales, la potencia, la radiación, la geometría y la trigonometría. Esto permitirá al estudiante del programa de Ingeniería Civil no solo alcanzar las competencias requeridas para aprobar sus asignaturas sino también desarrollar capacidades de abstracción espacial y representación gráfica para aplicarlas eficientemente en proyectos de ingeniería civil.
Web-Based Health Information-Seeking Methods and Time Since Provider Engagement: A Cross Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shaveet Eden , Urquhart Catherine , Gallegos Marissa , Dammann Olaf , Corlin Laura
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

The use of web-based methods to seek health information is increasing in popularity. As web-based health information (WHI)-seeking affects health-related decision support and chronic symptom self-management, WHI-seeking from online sources may impact health care decisions and outcomes. Little is known about whether WHI-seeking impacts the frequency at which patients engage with healthcare providers.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate and generate hypotheses about the associations between the use of web-based methods to seek information about one’s own health and the time since last engaging with a healthcare provider about one’s own health.

METHODS

We analyzed data from U.S. adults participating in the nationally representative Tufts Equity in Health, Wealth, and Civic Engagement Survey (n = 1034). Bivariate associations between demographic characteristics and health information-seeking methods were assessed with Pearson chi-squared tests. Bivariate associations of Medical Mistrust Index (MMI) scores with each health information-seeking method and time since provider engagement were assessed with F-tests and adjusted Wald tests. We fit a multivariable logistic regression model to assess the association between WHI-seeking within the 12 months prior to survey (alone or in combination with provider-based methods versus provider only) and engagement with a provider more than one year ago at the time of survey, adjusting for age, race and ethnicity, sex, education, insurance coverage, and MMI.

RESULTS

Age, race and ethnicity, educational attainment, health insurance source, MMI, and time since provider engagement were each significantly associated with health information seeking method in bivariate analyses. Compared to using only provider-based health information seeking methods, using WHI-based methods alone or in combination with provider-based methods was associated with a 51% lower likelihood (odds ratio = 0.49; 95% confidence interval = 0.27, 0.87) of engaging with a provider within the previous year.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings from a nationally representative survey suggest that those who use WHI-seeking methods are more likely to experience longer time intervals since last provider engagement. Future research should consider the intent of a person’s visit with a provider, messaging regarding trust in the health system, methods of provider engagement, and specific web-based platforms for health information.