bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pleiotropy and epistasis within and between signaling pathways defines the genetic architecture of fungal virulence
Authors: Roth Cullen , Murray Debra , Scott Alexandria , Fu Ci , Averette Anna F. , Sun Sheng , Heitman Joseph , Magwene Paul M.
Published: January 2021

Cryptococcal disease is estimated to affect nearly a quarter of a million people annually. Environmental isolates ofCryptococcus deneoformans, which make up 15 to 30% of clinical infections in temperate climates such as Europe, vary in their pathogenicity, ranging from benign to hyper-virulent. Key traits that contribute to virulence, such as the production of the pigment melanin, an extracellular polysaccharide capsule, and the ability to grow at human body temperature have been identified, yet little is known about the genetic basis of variation in such traits. Here we investigate the genetic basis of melanization, capsule size, thermal tolerance, oxidative stress resistance, and antifungal drug sensitivity using quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in progeny derived from a cross between two divergentC. deneoformansstrains. Using a “function-valued” QTL analysis framework that exploits both time-series information and growth differences across multiple environments, we identified QTL for each of these virulence traits and drug susceptibility. For three QTL we identified the underlying genes and nucleotide differences that govern variation in virulence traits. One of these genes,RIC8, which encodes a regulator of cAMP-PKA signaling, contributes to variation in four virulence traits: melanization, capsule size, thermal tolerance, and resistance to oxidative stress. Two major effect QTL for amphotericin B resistance map to the genesSSK1andSSK2, which encode key components of the HOG pathway, a fungal-specific signal transduction network that orchestrates cellular responses to osmotic and other stresses. We also discovered complex epistatic interactions within and between genes in the HOG and cAMP-PKA pathways that regulate antifungal drug resistance and resistance to oxidative stress. Our findings advance the understanding of virulence traits among diverse lineages ofCryptococcus, and highlight the role of genetic variation in key stress-responsive signaling pathways as a major contributor to phenotypic variation.
Limiting DNA polymerase delta alters replication dynamics and leads to a dependence on checkpoint activation and recombination-mediated DNA repair
Authors: Koussa Natasha C. , Smith Duncan J.
Published: January 2021

DNA polymerase delta (Pol δ) plays several essential roles in eukaryotic DNA replication and repair. At the replication fork, Pol δ is responsible for the synthesis and processing of the lagging-strand. At replication origins, Pol δ has been proposed to initiate leading-strand synthesis by extending the first Okazaki fragment. Destabilizing mutations in human Pol δ subunits cause replication stress and syndromic immunodeficiency. Analogously, reduced levels of Pol δ in Saccharomyces cerevisiae lead to pervasive genome instability. Here, we analyze how the depletion of Pol δ impacts replication origin firing and lagging-strand synthesis during replication elongation in vivo in S. cerevisiae. By analyzing nascent lagging-strand products, we observe a genome-wide change in both the establishment and progression of replication. S-phase progression is slowed in Pol δ depletion, with both globally reduced origin firing and slower replication progression. We find that no polymerase other than Pol δ is capable of synthesizing a substantial amount of lagging-strand DNA, even when Pol δ is severely limiting. We also characterize the impact of impaired lagging-strand synthesis on genome integrity and find increased ssDNA and DNA damage when Pol δ is limiting; these defects lead to a strict dependence on checkpoint signaling and resection-mediated repair pathways for cellular viability.
Variable bites and dynamic populations; new insights in Leishmania transmission
Authors: Carmichael Samuel , Powell Ben , Hoare Thomas , Walrad Pegine B. , Pitchford Jonathan W.
Published: January 2021

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease which kills an estimated 50,000 people each year, with its deadly impact confined mainly to lower to middle income countries.Leishmaniaparasites are transmitted to human hosts by sand fly vectors during blood feeding. Recent experimental work shows that transmission is modulated by the patchy landscape of infection in the host’s skin, and the parasite population dynamics within the vector. Here we assimilate these new findings into a simple probabilistic model for disease transmission which replicates recent experimental results, and assesses their relative importance. The results of subsequent simulations, describing random parasite uptake and dynamics across multiple blood meals, show that skin heterogeneity is important for transmission by short-lived flies, but that for longer-lived flies with multiple bites the population dynamics within the vector dominate transmission probability. Our results indicate that efforts to reduce fly lifespan beneath a threshold of around two weeks may be especially helpful in reducing disease transmission.
Prevalence of simian malaria parasites in macaques of Singapore
Authors: Li Meizhi Irene , Mailepessov Diyar , Vythilingam Indra , Lee Vernon , Lam Patrick , Ng Lee Ching , Tan Cheong Huat
Published: January 2021

Plasmodium knowlesi is a simian malaria parasite currently recognized as the fifth causative agent of human malaria. Recently, naturally acquired P. cynomolgi infection in humans was also detected in Southeast Asia. The main reservoir of both parasites is the long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques, which are indigenous in this region. Due to increased urbanization and changes in land use, there has been greater proximity and interaction between the long-tailed macaques and the general population in Singapore. As such, this study aims to determine the prevalence of simian malaria parasites in local macaques to assess the risk of zoonosis to the general human population. Screening for the presence of malaria parasites was conducted on blood samples from 660 peridomestic macaques collected between Jan 2008 and Mar 2017, and 379 wild macaques collected between Mar 2009 and Mar 2017, using a Pan-Plasmodium-genus specific PCR. Positive samples were then screened using a simian Plasmodium species-specific nested PCR assay to identify the species of parasites (P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. fieldi, P. cynomolgi, and P. inui) present. All the peridomestic macaques sampled were tested negative for malaria, while 80.5% of the 379 wild macaques were infected. All five simian Plasmodium species were detected; P. cynomolgi being the most prevalent (71.5%), followed by P. knowlesi (47.5%), P. inui (42.0%), P. fieldi (32.5%), and P. coatneyi (28.5%). Co-infection with multiple species of Plasmodium parasites was also observed. The study revealed that Singapore’s wild long-tailed macaques are natural hosts of the five simian malaria parasite species, while no malaria was detected in all peridomestic macaques tested. Therefore, the risk of simian malaria transmission to the general human population is concluded to be low. However, this can be better demonstrated with the incrimination of the vectors of simian malaria parasites in Singapore.
Pupillary reflex and behavioral masking responses to light as functional measures of retinal degeneration in mice
Authors: Contreras Ethan O. , Dearing Carley G. , Ashinhurst Crystal A. , Fish Betty A. , Hossain Sajila N. , Rey Ariana M. , Silva Primal D. , Thompson Stewart
Published: January 2021

Background

Pre-clinical testing of retinal pathology and treatment efficacy depends on reliable and valid measures of retinal function. The electroretinogram (ERG) and tests of visual acuity are the ideal standard, but can be unmeasurable while useful vision remains. Non-image-forming responses to light such as the pupillary light reflex (PLR) are attractive surrogates. However, it is not clear how accurately such responses reflect changes in visual capability in specific disease models. The purpose of this study was to test whether measures of non-visual responses to light correlate with previously determined visual function in two photoreceptor degenerations.

Methods

The sensitivity of masking behavior (light induced changes in running wheel activity) and the PLR were measured in 3-month-old wild-type mice (WT) with intact inner retinal circuitry, Pde6b-rd1/rd1 mice (rd1) with early and rapid loss of rods and cones, and Prph2-Rd2/Rd2 mice (Rd2) with a slower progressive loss of rods and cones.

Results

In rd1 mice, negative masking had increased sensitivity, positive masking was absent, and the sensitivity of the PLR was severely reduced. In Rd2 mice, positive masking identified useful vision at higher light levels, but there was a limited decrease in the irradiance sensitivity of negative masking and the PLR, and the amplitude of change for both underestimated the reduction in irradiance sensitivity of image-forming vision.

Conclusions

Together these data show that in a given disease, two responses to light can be affected in opposite ways, and that for a given response to light, the change in the response does not accurately represent the degree of pathology. However, the extent of the deficit in the PLR means that even a limited rescue of rod/cone function might be measured by increased PLR amplitude. In addition, positive masking has the potential to measure effective treatment in both models by restoring responses or shifting thresholds to lower irradiances.
The impact of liquefaction disaster on farming systems at agriculture land based on technical and psychosocial perspectives
Authors: Basir-Cyio Muhammad , Mahfudz  , Isrun  , Zeffitni
Published: January 2021

This research aims to determine the attitudes of the farmers whose lands are affected by liquefaction in Jono Oge, Central Sulawesi Province, The Republic of Indonesia. The methods used here were integrated survey and experimental design. The survey approach was intended to figure out the attitudes of the farmers viewpoints: (1) to return to their activities on the agricultural lands affected by liquefaction; (2) to consume their own agricultural products; and (3) of their willingness to be relocated. The experimental design approach was used to figure out the effectiveness of organic material input combined with the SP-36 fertilizer. The obtained results were analyzed using the Likert Scale, diversity test, correlational test, and regression test. The results showed that the farmers persevered farming on the lands affected by liquefaction (Index = 88.82%) yet refused to consume their own agricultural products with the reason that corpses remained buried beneath their lands (Index = 27.82%); and they also refused to be relocated (Index = 28.80%). The continued production suitability of the affected land was also investigated. Terrain profile identification results in Jono Oge showed the disaster impact was dominantly landslide as it still showed a clear characteristic horizon between the topsoil and the sub soil. This contrasts to terrain at Petobo, Central Sulawesi Province, where the high mix of the topsoil with the sub soil of agricultural land affected by liquefaction, prevented demarcation of the horizon. The land treatment of organic material and SP-36 fertilizer showed that the combined dose (M) of 40-kg ha-1 with P 300-kg ha-1 had the highest effect by changing the field pH from 5.7 to 6.41, increased the availability of P and increased the corncob indicator plant weight. Based on these indications, the lands affected by the liquefaction in Jono Oge can still be used as agricultural lands through restoration, from both social and technical aspects.
Bacterial and abiogenic carbonates formed in caves–no vital effect on clumped isotope compositions
Authors: Demény Attila , Rinyu László , Németh Péter , Czuppon György , Enyedi Nóra , Makk Judit , Leél-Őssy Szabolcs , Kesjár Dóra , Kovács Ivett
Published: January 2021

Speleothems (dominated by cave-hosted carbonate deposits) are valuable archives of paleoclimate conditions. As such, they are potential targets of clumped isotope analyses that may yield quantified data about past temperature variations. Clumped isotope analyses of stalagmites, however, seldom provide useful temperature values due to various isotope fractionation processes. This study focuses on the determination of the microbially induced vital effect, i.e., the isotope fractionation processes related to bacterial carbonate production. A cave site with biologically mediated amorphous calcium carbonate precitation was selected as a natural laboratory. Calcite deposits were farmed under a UV lamp to prevent bacterial activity, as well as under control conditions. Microbiological analyses and morphological investigations using scanning electron microscopy showed that the UV lamp treatment effectively reduced the number of bacterial cells, and that bacterial carbonate production strongly influenced the carbonate’s morphology. Stable oxygen isotope analyses of calcite and drip waters, as well as clumped isotope measurements revealed that, although most of the studied carbonates formed close to oxygen isotope equilibrium, clumped isotope Δ47 values varied widely from equilibrium to strongly fractionated data. Site-specific kinetic fractionations played a dominant role in the distribution of Δ47 values, whereas bacterial carbonate production did not result in a detectable clumped isotope effect.
Landslide susceptibility assessment using the Weight of Evidence method: A case study in Xunyang area, China
Authors: Cao Yanbo , Wei Xinsheng , Fan Wen , Nan Yalin , Xiong Wei , Zhang Shilin
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study is to provide a landslide susceptibility map of the Xunyang District of a mountainous terrain, at the southern part of the Qin-Ba Mountain Region, which has been highly exposed to widely distributed shallow landslides over the past few decades. The Weight of Evidence (WoE) method was adopted in this research considering both the presence of a certain landslide causative factor class and the absence of remaining classes, which was used for determining a clearly spatial correlation between a landslide occurrence and the causative factors. Intrinsic factors, including geomorphological factors, geological factors, and river flow networks, and external factors of anthropogenic engineering activities in terms of density of road network were all considered and involved in the Geological Information System (GIS) environment for reconstructing the thematic layers of factor dataset. Significant assumptions prior to the analysis were emphasized to ensure conditional independence between each pair of factors for this bivariate statistical approach. In addition, a detailed landslide inventory map was constructed through field investigation and a remote sensing interpretation process at a scale of 1:50000. The thematic layers and landslide map were overlapped to obtain a spatial statistical relationship by using the frequency ratio method. At last, the validation process for the derived susceptibility map was conducted by applying the ROC curve, indicating that more than 90% of the landslides were in categories of high and moderate susceptibility zones. The causative factor classes, including the slope angles ranging from 20 to 40°, strong weathered and fractured strata, and road network density were identified to considerably influence the landslide distribution in the study area. The results have proven to be significantly meaningful for landslide hazard risk mitigation and land use management for the local authorities responsible for these fields.
Numerical study on the energy cascade of pulsatile Newtonian and power-law flow models in an ICA bifurcation
Authors: Mahrous Samar A. , Sidik Nor Azwadi Che , Saqr Khalid M.
Published: January 2021

The complex physics and biology underlying intracranial hemodynamics are yet to be fully revealed. A fully resolved direct numerical simulation (DNS) study has been performed to identify the intrinsic flow dynamics in an idealized carotid bifurcation model. To shed the light on the significance of considering blood shear-thinning properties, the power-law model is compared to the commonly used Newtonian viscosity hypothesis. We scrutinize the kinetic energy cascade (KEC) rates in the Fourier domain and the vortex structure of both fluid models and examine the impact of the power-law viscosity model. The flow intrinsically contains coherent structures which has frequencies corresponding to the boundary frequency, which could be associated with the regulation of endothelial cells. From the proposed comparative study, it is found that KEC rates and the vortex-identification are significantly influenced by the shear-thinning blood properties. Conclusively, from the obtained results, it is found that neglecting the non-Newtonian behavior could lead to underestimation of the hemodynamic parameters at low Reynolds number and overestimation of the hemodynamic parameters by increasing the Reynolds number. In addition, we provide physical insight and discussion onto the hemodynamics associated with endothelial dysfunction which plays significant role in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms.
Development and validity of a hazard prediction test for Chinese drivers
Authors: Wu Bocong , Sun Long , Gu Na
Published: January 2021

Background

Hazard perception ability, which develops with driving experience, has been proven to be associated with drivers' traffic involvement. Although classic reaction time-based hazard perception tests have been developed in many developed counties, experience-related differences may not be found in drivers from developing countries due to their increased opportunities to experience hazards on roads. Therefore, the present study aims to develop a hazard prediction test for Chinese drivers based on a predictive paradigm called “What happens next?” and assess its reliability and validity.

Method

Thirty-six video clips filmed from drivers’ perspectives of Chinese driving settings were presented to 54 novice drivers and 47 experienced drivers. Participants were asked to answer three questions after each video clip was blacked out and to then quickly press the mouse button on a reaction time-based hazard perception test. Both the differences in the test scores between novice and experienced drivers and the differences in scores between drivers with and without traffic violations were compared.

Results

The final hazard prediction test consisted of 20 video clips. A high internal consistency coefficient of the test, i.e., Cronbach's alpha = 0.862, was obtained. The total scores of the test were positively and significantly correlated with reaction times as measured on the video-based hazard perception test, thus providing evidence regarding the discriminant validity of the test. More importantly, drivers with traffic violations obtained significantly lower total scores on the test than did drivers without traffic violations.

Conclusion

The newly developed hazard prediction test exhibited adequate psychometric properties and provided a practical alternative for assessing drivers’ hazard perception ability in China.
Differences in mental health symptom severity and care engagement among transgender and gender diverse individuals: Findings from a large community health center
Authors: Stanton Amelia M. , Batchelder Abigail W. , Kirakosian Norik , Scholl James , King Dana , Grasso Chris , Potter Jennifer , Mayer Kenneth H. , O’Cleirigh Conall
Published: January 2021

Mental health disparities among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) populations have been documented. However, few studies have assessed differences in mental health symptom severity, substance use behavior severity, and engagement in care across TGD subgroups. Using data from the electronic health record of a community health center specializing in sexual and gender minority health, we compared the (1) severity of self-reported depression, anxiety, alcohol use, and other substance use symptoms; (2) likelihood of meeting clinical thresholds for these disorders; and (3) number of behavioral health and substance use appointments attended among cisgender, transgender, and non-binary patients. Participants were 29,988 patients aged ≥18 who attended a medical appointment between 2015 and 2018. Depression symptom severity (F= 200.6, p < .001), anxiety symptom severity (F= 102.8, p < .001), alcohol use (F= 58.8, p < .001), and substance use (F= 49.6, p < .001) differed significantly by gender. Relative to cisgender and transgender individuals, non-binary individuals are at elevated risk for depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Gender was also associated with differences in the number of behavioral health (χ2= 51.5, p < .001) and substance use appointments (χ2= 39.3, p < .001) attended. Engagement in treatment among certain gender groups is poor; cisgender women and non-binary patients assigned male at birth were the least likely to have attended a behavioral health appointment, whereas transgender men and cisgender women had attended the lowest number of substance use appointments. These data demonstrate the importance of (1) assessing gender diversity and (2) addressing the barriers that prevent TGD patients from receiving affirming care.
Site-specific risk of colorectal neoplasms in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin XiaoLi , You FengMing , Liu Hong , Fang Yu , Jin ShuoGuo , Wang QiaoLing
Published: January 2021

Background

Many studies have shown that NAFLD is indeed closely related to the occurrence of colon tumors. The aim of this study was to further establish an assessment for the risk associated with NAFLD and the site-specificity of colon tumors.

Methods

We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases published from January 1, 1981, to December 15, 2019, assessing the risk of colorectal neoplasms in patients with NAFLD. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of site-specific risk of colorectal neoplasms in patients with NAFLD reported as ORs which pooled under a random-effects model and calculated via Mantel-Haenszel weighting. The study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020162118.

Results

11 articles (12,081 participants) were included in this meta-analysis. After heterogeneity removed, the overall risk-value pooled for right colon tumors(OR = 1.60,95% CI 1.27–2.01,I2 = 58%,P = 0.02)was higher than the left(OR = 1.39,95% CI 1.11–1.73,I2 = 59%,P = 0.02).However, this outcome was unclear when considering gender differences (Male&Right:OR = 1.05; Male&Left:OR = 1.26; Female&Right: OR = 1.17; Female&Left:OR = 1.17).The incidence of right colon tumors(Asian&Right:OR = 1.56)was obviously higher in Asians with NAFLD than the left (Asian&Left:OR = 1.23),while the risk relevance was similar and moderately associated with an increased risk of incident double-sided colorectal tumors in Europeans (European&Right:OR = 1.47; European&Left:OR = 1.41). The outcome of pathological morphology includes: the advanced adenoma OR = 1.82;the tubular adenoma OR = 1.24;the serrated adenoma OR = 2.16.

Conclusions

NAFLD is associated with a high risk of colon tumors, especially in regard to tumors of the right colon, which are more prevalent in Asian populations.
Comparative efficacy of platelet-rich plasma applied in myringoplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Juntao , Shi Yunbin , Wu Linrong , Lv Cuiting , Hu Yi , Shen Yi
Published: January 2021

Background

Tympanic membrane (TM) perforation is quite common in the clinical setting. Chronic TM perforations require surgical treatments such as myringoplasty. Currently, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a novel, effective substance that is increasingly utilized for TM perforation repair. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP in the application of TM perforation repair.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted to screen the Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science databases up to July 2020. Studies were identified in accordance with the selection criteria by two coauthors independently. Data regarding the healing and hearing outcomes were pooled and analyzed via Review Manager version 5.3 and STATA version 12.0 software. Odds ratio (OR) was utilized to compare the closure rate. Furthermore, the results of hearing improvements and incidence of complications were also compared to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP.

Results

A total of eight studies with 455 participants were eligible according to the selection criteria. Compared to conventional surgery, the OR of closure was 2.70 (95% CI: 1.27 to 5.76,P= 0.01,I2= 0%) in randomized controlled trial (RCT) subgroup and 6.18 (95% CI: 2.22 to 17.25,P= 0.0005,I2= 0) in non-RCT subgroup. The overall OR of closure was 3.69 (95% CI: 2.02 to 6.74,P<0.0001,I2= 0%), suggesting a significant effect on the healing of TM perforation. Between preoperative and postoperative hearing results, there is no statistical difference between the PRP and the control groups. Additionally, the use of PRP resulted in a lower incidence of complication than the use of conventional approaches.

Conclusion

The application of PRP during the TM surgeries can enhance the closure rate, provide similar hearing improvements and decrease the incidence of postoperative complications. Given these advantages, PRP can be considered an effective treatment for TM regeneration.
Comparative analysis on environmental and economic performance of agricultural cooperatives and smallholder farmers: The case of grape production in Hebei, China
Authors: Deng Lei , Chen Lei , Zhao Jingjie , Wang Ruimei
Published: January 2021

Agricultural modernization and intensification have been regarded as a significant way to support agricultural development and improve farm income in China. Agricultural cooperatives have played an important role in promoting the modernization and intensification of Chinese agricultural sector. Given the increasing concerns about environmental harm, however, it still remains unclear whether and the extent to which agricultural cooperatives contributes to reducing environmental impacts of agricultural production. Hence, this study performed an environmental evaluation using life cycle assessment for three different organization forms of grape production in Changli County, Hebei Province, China: smallholder farmers, farmer-owned cooperatives and investor-owned firm-led cooperatives. Then the results of life cycle assessment were monetarized and cost benefit analysis was used to evaluate the economic performance of these three organization forms of grape production. The results demonstrate that investor-owned firm-led cooperatives present an overall improvement in environmental and economic performance with the lowest weighted environmental index (integrating all impact categories into a single score), the highest net profit and the highest total net benefit. The results also show a difference in potential improvement in environmental impacts and economic returns between cooperatives and smallholder farmers. Additionally, the production and application of organic and chemical fertilizer and pesticide have been identified as major contributors to total environmental damage.
La ambigüedad motivo-causa en la fenomenología del “yo quiero” de Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Almonacid Díaz Cristhian Alejandro
Published: January 2021

El artículo revisa la relación entre lo voluntario y lo involuntario bajo la perspectiva de Paul Ricoeur. Bajo este enfoque se propone dialogar con las investigaciones neurocientíficas que establecen en las causas neuronales las explicaciones determinantes de la voluntad, para concluir, desde la fenomenología, que la voluntad se comprende fundamentalmente gracias a los motivos de toda elección. De esta manera, se defiende una reciprocidad entre los aspectos neurocerebrales y los actos subjetivos del querer. Esta reciprocidad manifiesta una voluntad que emerge de condiciones biológicas, pero adquiere sentido como un querer encarnado y libre.
¿Pueden los animales sentir dolor? Reflexiones desde la fenomenología
Authors: Mujica Francisco Manuel
Published: January 2021

La discusión filosófica relacionada con el dolor en los animals se ha centrado exclusivamente en el aspecto moral. En este artículo nos proponemos una pregunta más fundamental: si los animales son capaces de sentir dolor o no. Para abordar la cuestión mostraremos por qué la fenomenología parece ser la única corriente filosófica que puede tematizar del todo la experiencia del dolor. La fenomenología permite el descubrimiento filosófico del mundo de la vida, el descubrimiento filosófico de la conciencia como una forma de sentido, tanto como el descubrimiento filosófico del Ego como una estructura afectiva y sintiente. Con todo, las principales contribuciones de la fenomenología parecerían inútiles para entender el dolor animal. Teniendo esto en cuenta, concluiremos el artículo esbozando algunas intuiciones para desarrollar una explicación filosófica del dolor en los animales.
La representación historiográfica de la guerra en el mar en el largo siglo XVIII: pensamiento táctico y estratégico, navalismo histórico y metodologías de vanguardia en el siglo XXI
Authors: Valdez‑Bubnov Iván
Published: January 2021

El presente ensayo tiene por objetivo comprender de manera selectiva la evolución de la historiografía dedicada a la guerra en el mar durante el largo siglo xviii hispano, en función de su separación de la teoría táctica y estratégica desarrollada hacia finales de ese período; de su intersección con el desarrollo de los estudios estratégicos durante el siglo xix; y de su ulterior desarrollo durante el siglo xx bajo la influencia del navalismo histórico. En segunda instancia, el estudio tiene por objeto comprender su evolución ulterior, a partir de la crítica interpretativa generada por los estudios de táctica y estrategia naval dieciochista en Francia y Gran Bretaña, y, finalmente, de la evolución de las corrientes historiográficas de vanguardia en la historia militar/naval entre los siglos xx y xxi, específicamente, las teorías de la Revolución Militar, los conceptos de Estado Fiscal‑Militar, Fiscal‑Naval, y «Estado Contratante» o «Contractor State».
CHANGE OF A HIGHWAY ROUTE CAUSED BY A ROCKSLIDE
Authors: Kopecký Miloslav , Brček Martin , Frankovská Jana , Ondrášik Martin , Fraštia Marek , Liščák Pavel , Novotný Jan
Published: January 2021

During the spring of 2013, a relatively large rockslide with a total area of 96,952 m2 occurred in the eastern part of the Malá Fatra mountains. The anticipated depth of the slip surfaces was from 30 to 40 metres and the volume of moving mass was estimated to be 2,000,000 m3. The maximum movement of the rockslide on the first day in March 2013 was estimated to be 43 m. The front of the rockslide interfered with the projected D1 highway route. The paper presented here offers an analysis of the causes of the rockslide and its activity in association with the potential threat to the proposed highway.
RECENT ADVANCES IN SIMULATING LANDSLIDE AND DEBRIS FLOW
Authors: Wu Wei
Published: January 2021

This paper summarizes the outcome of a research project funded by the European Commission on the simulation of landslide and debris flow. The numerical techniques adopted include the mesh-based method (FEM), the point-based method (SPH) as well as a hybrid method (Lattice-Boltzmann Method and DEM). Centrifuge model tests were carried out for the purpose of validation.
Teorias em disputa: o duelo entre liberalismo e pedagogia decolonial na Amazônia / Dispute theories: the duel between liberalism and decolonial pedagogy in the Amazon
Authors: Silva Lúcia Isabel da Conceição , Neri Isabell Theresa Tavares
Published: January 2021

Este ensaio reflete sobre as contradições existentes entre o pensamento liberal e a sua corporificação na conflituosa realidade brasileira, sobretudo amazônida. Ao mesmo tempo, procura pensar em uma alternativa epistêmica apostando no pensamento decolonial como um importante caminho para dissolver o mito da narrativa salvacionista que está no cerne das pedagogias liberais, racistas e patriarcais, com base na crise de paradigmas. Realizamos um breve um diálogo com as teorias críticas, a pós-modernidade, a transmodernidade e a interculturalidade com o objetivo de compreendermos como o pensamento decolonial foi se consolidando, ao se constituir uma energia, em conjunto com os movimentos sociais, contra as opressões sofridas pelos povos colonizados por parte do capitalismo, do racismo e do patriarcado.
Ensino de história e cultura afro-brasileira e africana nas escolas públicas de Mato Grosso do Sul / Teaching Afro-Brazilian and African history and culture in public schools in Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Marques Eugenia Portela de Siqueira , Diallo Cíntia Santos
Published: January 2021

O artigo é resultado da pesquisa realizada em escolas públicas da rede estadual de ensino do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul/Brasil, com o financiamento do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Identificou a inserção do Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-brasileira e Africana no Projeto Político das escolas e nas práticas docentes, ancorado nas perspectivas pós-coloniais e na implantação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais e para o Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana (DCNERER). O Movimento Negro Brasileiro é o protagonista de um projeto educativo emancipatório, no contexto das lutas para a implementação de políticas educacionais voltadas para a superação do racismo e da desigualdade racial.
Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana – o papel da Extensão Universitária na formação continuada de professores em interface com a implementação da Lei Federal nº 10.639/2003: por uma Educação Antirracista/ Afro-Brazilian and African His
Authors: Saballa Viviane Adriana
Published: January 2021

O artigo oferta um panorama de políticas educacionais que estabelecem relação direta com a temática da promoção da igualdade racial e de combate ao racismo, discriminação e injustiças. Buscamos evidenciar o papel da extensão universitária, por meio de um apanhado histórico, destacando seu compromisso social, de modo a proporcionar reflexões de cunho antirracista na educação. Estabelecemos ligação entre extensão universitária e formação continuada através da apresentação do curso em EaD Procedimentos Didático-Pedagógicos Aplicáveis em História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira, vinculado ao Departamento de Educação e Desenvolvimento Social (DEDS) da Pró-Reitoria de Extensão da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), evidenciando sua forma precursora na aplicabilidade da Lei nº 10.639/2003.
A temática étnico-racial na formação de professores: um estudo de caso no curso de Pedagogia no Noroeste de Minas Gerais / Ethnic-racial thematic in teacher training: a case study in the Pedagogy course in Northwest Minas Gerais
Authors: Gonçalves Maria Célia da Silva , Síveres Luiz
Published: January 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo investigar se as disciplinas de Educação étnico racial e História e cultura afro-brasileira, inseridas nas grades dos cursos de Pedagogia de duas IES localizadas no Noroeste de Minas Gerais contribuem para que os futuros professores construam saberes necessários para uma prática pedagógica antirracista. A pesquisa foi realizada na modalidade qualitativa. Os pesquisadores entrevistaram 74 alunos do 8º período dos cursos de Pedagogia. Os dados colhidos em campo sinalizam para um avanço na aplicação das Leis 10.639/03 -11.645/08, no entanto, evidenciam a necessidade de continuidades nos projetos educacionais para que a mentalidade antirracista seja internalizada na sociedade local.
Diversidade social na escola: estudantes de escolas públicas em Uberlândia / Social diversity in school: public school students in Uberlândia
Authors: Silva Cristiane A. Fernandes da , Silva Gustavo Gabaldo Grama de Barros , Junqueira Marili Peres , Barbosa Luciano Senna Peres , Swatowiski Claudia Wolff
Published: January 2021

O olhar sociológico sobre o fenômeno educação é caudatário da dinâmica das práticas sociais contemporâneas, cuja marca é a diversidade social. Com o objetivo de desnaturalizar as evidências aparentes, este estudo parte de um mesmo ambiente: escola pública de Ensino Médio de Uberlândia-MG, onde a priori vige um perfil discente padrão, e busca, por meio de um diagnóstico socioeconômico, identificar suas idiossincrasias para além de suas similaridades. Visando identificar as nuances de perfis dos jovens, apoiou-se na estratificação da amostra por região geográfica da cidade. Com base nos resultados da pesquisa quantitativa sobre as variáveis idade, sexo, etnia, religião, renda e trabalho, revelam-se sentidos diversos sobre as dimensões econômicas, sociais e culturais dos jovens estudantes.
Defining the first preventive conservation guidelines for hand-painted magic lantern glass slides
Authors: Santos Ângela , Rodrigues Beatriz , Otero Vanessa , Vilarigues Márcia
Published: January 2021

This article intends to define and make available guidelines for the preventive conservation of hand-painted glass slides for magic lanterns, the first optical instruments for the projection of images, invented in the 17th century. For this purpose, around 300 hand-painted glass slides from the Portuguese Cinematheque – Museum of Cinema (CP) and Nacional Museum of Natural History and Science of the University of Lisbon (MUHNAC), were studied in terms of representativity in these collections, discursive genre, type of construction or movement mechanism, state of preservation and degradation problems. A survey was designed and distributed to institutions across the globe aiming for an overview of the formal characteristics of the collections of magic lantern slides and the preventive and interventive conservation measures undertaken. The guidelines are focused on the environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity, and light), fine particles and pest control, storage and display conditions and materials, as well as handling. Recommendations on performative projections or demonstrations are also provided.
Words of Warfare: Life of Mission Soldiers in the Perspective of Quantitative Linguistics
Authors: Radková Lucie , Místecký Michal
Published: January 2021

The paper focuses on the analysis of a sample of military language from the stylometric perspective. The corpus is the chronicle of the 8th Czech Armed Forces Guard Company, which operated at the Bagram Air Field base (BAF). We work on the assumptions that in the corpus, there will be (A) a prominent presence of military slang; (B) a high proportion of abbreviations; (C) frequent linguistic devices expressing mutuality and collectiveness of the soldiers’ enterprise. The texts were subjected to keyword and collocation analyses; these determined several stylistic features of theirs (such as use of English-based expressions, protocol-like language, or idiosyncratic collocations), which testify to the multifaceted character of the military chronicle genre.
Prézentní časování sloves vzorů »kryje« a »kupuje« ve spisovné češtině: variantnost, nebo unifikace?
Authors: Sojka Pavel
Published: January 2021

Tvarová konkurence v prézentním časování sloves vzorů kryje a kupuje jako výsledek hláskových změn (v 1sg kryji/kupuji vs. kryju/kupuju; ve 3pl kryjí/kupují vs. kryjou/kupujou) existuje v češtině již od 15. století. Progrese koncovek -u a -ou se tradičně vysvětlovala jako projev tvarového vyrovnávání uvnitř 1.–3. slovesné třídy. V roce 1993 byly proto u vzorů kryje a kupuje koncovky -u a -ou přijaty do kodifikace spisovného jazyka. Toto rozhodnutí se však nesetkalo s všeobecným souhlasem, neboť pozice obou koncovek ve spisovných textech není stejná: zatímco koncovka -u se postupně neutralizuje, koncovka -ou si stále zachovává značný stupeň příznakovosti, či dokonce nespisovnosti (zejména v psaných textech). V tomto příspěvku si klademe otázku, jak se tato tvarová konkurence projevuje v dnešní televizní publicistice, konkrétně v diskusním pořadu Interview ČT24.
Kolejna publikacja słownikowa o czeskich kulturemach
Authors: Balowski Mieczysław
Published: January 2021

-
Nutritional Choices, New Health Approaches and Anti-speciesist Thinking
Authors: Tinghino Biagio
Published: January 2021

Nutritional choices are affected by culture, tradition and above all by the narrative we adopt for human history. The article gives an overview of the (pseudo)scientific beliefs, psychological factors and ethical orientations that affect nutritional choices. Among the various food theories today, great importance is given, for example, to the so-called Paleolithic diet, which consists of proposing a dietary model based on blood groups, which are assumed to have developed throughout different periods of the natural evolution of Homo sapiens, which were characterized by peculiar alimentary regimes. Moreover, psychological determinant drivers affect food choices and could lead to pathological eating behaviors (e.g., anorexia, overeating, binge eating). Finally, the ethical aspects of nutrition are closely correlated to vegetarianism, which in turn embraces an anti-speciesist thinking and recognizes the need for humans not to inflict unnecessary suffering on animals. Vegetarianism, anti-speciesism and ecologism often represent different aspects of the same issue: a lifestyle that testifies the need for a change in traditional paradigms, in the interest of humankind and the future of life on our planet.
„Meat Should Be Prescribed in Very Small Doses, Arsenic-like”. How Josephine Joteyko and Varia Kipiani Pioneered Medical Research to Improve Vegetarianism in 1906
Authors: Joteyko Josephine , Kipiani Varia , Nowak Ewa , Löwy Ilana
Published: January 2021

This compilation is based on the original report on a clinical survey conducted in Brussels (1905-1906) by Josephine Joteyko and Varia Kipiani with 43 vegetarians. Having advanced expertise in physiology and experimentalism, Joteyko (with Lithuanian and Polish origins) and Kipiani (with Georgian origins) discussed their findings at the Congress of the Belgian Society for Vegetarianism in 1906. For both children and adults, females and males, regardless of age, the findings demonstrated vegetarian dietary habits to be beneficiary for human development, the subjects’ physical and mental health, welfare, and physical and intellectual efficiency. Surprisingly, Joteyko and Kipiani confirmed C. Darwin’s observation across various nutritional cultures that vegetarian food would increase the energetic balance of the human body. Additionally, their focus on the moteur humain shows affinities with Taylorism, the modernist utopias of labor, the enhancement of human faculties, the protection of workers and their rights from automation, and applied social science represented by Joteyko and Kipiani as multidisciplinary investigators. The compilation was made on: J. Joteyko & V. Kipiani, Enquête scientifique sur les Végétariens de Bruxelles, Conférence donnée à la Société végétarienne de Belgique, le 4 décembre 1906, pp. 1–77, with no further correction.
Ultradiversification of Diversities
Authors: Haghmaram Pouya , Nourouzi Kourosh
Published: January 2021

In this paper, using the idea of ultrametrization of metric spaces we introduce ultradiversification of diversities. We show that every diversity has an ultradiversification which is the greatest nonexpansive ultra-diversity image of it. We also investigate a Hausdorff-Bayod type problem in the setting of diversities, namely, determining what diversities admit a subdominant ultradiversity. This gives a description of all diversities which can be mapped onto ultradiversities by an injective nonexpansive map. The given results generalize similar results in the setting of metric spaces.
Binocular Suppression in the Macaque Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Reveals Early Competitive Interactions between the Eyes
Authors: Dougherty Kacie , Carlson Brock M. , Cox Michele A. , Westerberg Jacob A. , Zinke Wolf , Schmid Michael C. , Martin Paul R. , Maier Alexander
Published: January 2021

The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the dorsal thalamus is the primary recipient of the two eyes’ outputs. Most LGN neurons are monocular in that they are activated by visual stimulation through only one (dominant) eye. However, there are both intrinsic connections and inputs from binocular structures to the LGN that could provide these neurons with signals originating from the other (non-dominant) eye. Indeed, previous work introducing luminance differences across the eyes or using a single-contrast stimulus showed binocular modulation for single unit activity in anesthetized macaques and multiunit activity in awake macaques. Here, we sought to determine the influence of contrast viewed by both the non-dominant and dominant eyes on LGN single-unit responses in awake macaques. To do this, we adjusted each eye’s signal strength by independently varying the contrast of stimuli presented to the two eyes. Specifically, we recorded LGN single unit spiking activity in two awake macaques while they viewed drifting gratings of varying contrast. We found that LGN neurons of all types [parvocellular (P), magnocellular (M), and koniocellular (K)] were significantly suppressed when stimuli were presented at low contrast to the dominant eye and at high contrast to the non-dominant eye. Further, the inputs of the two eyes showed antagonistic interaction, whereby the magnitude of binocular suppression diminished with high contrast in the dominant eye, or low contrast in the non-dominant eye. These results suggest that the LGN represents a site of precortical binocular processing involved in resolving discrepant contrast differences between the eyes.
Retos del Derecho Penal global
Authors: Navarro Cardoso Fernando
Published: January 2021

La globalización económico-financiera ha expandido sus efectos, alcanzando al Derecho, en general, y al Derecho Penal, en particular. Varias de sus consecuencias deben recibir una valoración positiva, pero, al mismo tiempo, ha generado, o propiciado, otras cuya evaluación debe ser sumamente negativa. Algunas de ellas, como la desregulación regulada y alguna de las derivas de sus manifestaciones (caso de los programas de cumplimiento o compliance programs, producto de la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas), son el objeto central del presente trabajo, si bien se ha hecho necesario un importante esfuerzo delimitador previo, también desde la Criminología.
Estado del arte FRAMEWORK JAVA a partir de prácticas académicas
Authors: Mario Dustano Contreras Castro
Published: January 2021

Este artículo evidencia la vivencia hacia la exploración, profundización, fracasos, seguimientos, retroalimentación de los Fundamentos Teóricos, Conceptuales, Epistemológicos de un entorno o ambiente de trabajo para el desarrollo de software, como lo es Framework, hacia el interior de espacios académicos en modalidad distancia como presencial. Se contextualiza inicialmente en Frameworks hacia el interior de dos programas: Ingeniería en Informática (Modalidad Distancia) en la Universidad Santo Tomás e Ingeniería de Sistemas (Modalidad Presencial) en la Universidad Autónoma de Colombia. Luego, se colocan unos referentes que fueron prácticas o talleres orientados a la exploración, la experiencia y el aprendizaje en Frameworks Java.
Presentación de Signo Distintivo Semillero Agromarketing
Authors: Miguel Andrés Riveros Romero , Diana Lorena Galeano Rodríguez , Amable José Pérez , Mario Fernando Prieto Delgadillo , Oscar Orlando Berrío Flórez
Published: January 2021

Este documento da cuenta de Presentación de Signo Distintivo Semillero Agromarketing
Presentación de Signo Distintivo Estrategia Emulación Empresarial
Authors: Miguel Andrés Riveros Romero , Diana Lorena Galeano Rodríguez , Amable José Pérez , Mario Fernando Prieto Delgadillo , Oscar Orlando Berrío Flórez
Published: January 2021

El documento da cuenta de la Presentación de Signo Distintivo Estrategia Emulación Empresarial
Ponencia - ‪Wilma Edith Lima Ravelo - Santa Marta - 2018
Authors: Wilma Edith Lima Ravelo
Published: January 2021

Informe de movilidad académica