bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of cell wall organic matter components and in vitro degradability characteristics to predict intake and digestibility of white clover for sheep
Authors: Nandra KS , Oddy VH , Ayres JF , Nicholls PJ , Langevad B , Ly W
Published: November 2004

The relations of the laboratory measurement of cell wall organic matter (CWOM) components and of the in vitro degradability characteristics of CWOM with in vivo digestibility and voluntary intake for high quality white clover were investigated. The voluntary intake, apparent digestibility and apparent rumen retention time of CWOM of white clover harvested at various stages of maturity were measured in rumen-cannulated Merino wether sheep. The in vitro degradability characteristics of CWOM of these diets were also measured. This study has quantified strong predictive relations between structural fibre constituents or degradation parameters and both digestibility and intake for white clover. The CWOM, cellulose and hemicellulose contents and potential degradability of CWOM of the white clover predicted in vivo organic matter digestibility with good precision (r2 = 0.74, 0.67, 0.72 and 0.72 respectively). The voluntary intakes of organic matter and digestible organic matter of the white clover were strongly related to CWOM, cellulose and hemicellulose contents and to the rate of degradation of CWOM in the rumen and the fits of these relations were at least as good as those predicting organic matter digestibility. The predictive equations based on CWOM: OMD (g/kg) = 97.6-0.081 (� 0.012) CWOM OMI (g/kg) = 83-0.085 (� 0.018) CWOM DOMI (g/kg) = 71.4-0.098 (� 0.015) CWOM are recommended because of the ease of analysis of CWOM in the laboratory.
The efficacy of the boar effect when conducted in a modified detection-mating area (DMA)
Authors: Siswadi R , Hughes PE
Published: November 2004

Fifty-six Large White/Landrace crossbred gilts from 14 litters were allocated to four treatments by litter and liveweight in a 2x2 factorial experiment. The two factors tested were boar contact v. no boar contact and exposure to a modified Detection-Mating Area (DMA) v. no DMA exposure. All treatments began at a mean gilt age of 160 days and continued on a daily basis for 60 days. Daily boar exposure significantly reduced mean gilt age at puberty (196.2�3.88 v. 216.6�3.26 days respectively, P < 0.01) and increased the proportion of gilts attaining puberty within 60 days of commencement of treatment (0.79 v. 0.30 respectively, P < 0.01), compared with gilts receiving no boar exposure. In contrast, daily exposure to a modified DMA failed to significantly reduce mean gilt age at puberty (202.8�4.63 v. 209.7� 3.35 days respectively) or to increase the proportion of gilts attaining puberty within 60 days of commencement of treatment (0.50 v. 0.59 respectively) compared with gilts receiving no DMA exposure. However, daily exposure to a modified DMA did significantly increase the proportion of gilts pubertal over a 2-day period (days 27-28 of treatment) relative to gilts not exposed to a DMA. It is concluded that (1) daily boar exposure is a potent stimulus for early puberty attainment in gilts, (2) full physical contact with the boar must occur in order to achieve the boar effect, and (3) the current recommendation that gilt puberty stimulation can be adequately achieved by exposing them to a DMA on a daily basis should be re-examined.
Change in stomatal resistance and water use in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in response to broadleaf herbicides
Authors: Dear BS , Sandral GA , Coombes NE
Published: November 2004

The effect of 5 broadleaf herbicides on the water use and stomatal resistance of 2 cultivars of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) was examined in a glasshouse study. The herbicide treatments 2,4-DB, MCPA, bromoxynil, MCPA+terbutryn, and MCPA+diuron were applied at 6 rates at 2 times (14 May, 14 June) to plants at 2 leaf stages (3-4 and 8-10 leaves). Each of the herbicides reduced water use by the clover within 24 h, the size of the reduction increasing with the rate of herbicide applied. The herbicide treatments MCPA+terbutryn, MCPA+diuron, and bromoxynil caused the largest reductions (44-52%) in total water use over the 30-day period when applied at the recommended rate, and MCPA and 2,4-DB the least reduction (16-22%). Stomatal resistance increased substantially within 2 days of application of each of the herbicides. The magnitude of the change differed with herbicide and increased with herbicide rate. The effect of the herbicides on stomatal resistance declined 10-20 days after herbicide application in all treatments except 2,4-DB, but stomatal resistance of all herbicide-treated plants was still higher than the control 30 days after herbicide application. The herbicides LICPA+terbutryn and LlCPA+diuron and bromoxynil caused the largest increase in stomatal resistance and 2,4-DB the least. Stomatal resistance was found to be highly negatively correlated with daily water use by the clover plants at 2 days (r = -0.84, P < 0.01) and 30 days (r = -0.88, P < 0.01) after herbicide application. All of the herbicides reduced the LA1 of the plants, the effect increasing as the herbicide rate increased. Herbicide and herbicide rate had the largest effect on both water use and stomatal resistance; the effect of cultivar, leaf stage, and spraying time accounted for a relatively small proportion of the variance. The findings support the hypothesis that some broadleaf herbicides can result in a water-saving effect in subterranean clover swards through increasing stomatal resistance and decreasing the LAI, thereby potentially reducing moisture stress during seed set.
Response of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.), sweet corn (Zea mays L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to inoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae
Authors: Olsen JK , Schaefer JT , Hunter MN , Edwards DG , Galea VJ , Muller LM
Published: November 2004

This greenhouse study investigated the effects of the addition of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) inoculum (Glomus mosseae [Nicol. & Gerd.] Gerdemann & Trappe and Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerdemann) on capsicum (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Target), sweet corn (Zea mays L. cv. Snosweet), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Floradade) grown in a low P sandy loam (6 mg NaHCO3-extractable P/kg) with 5 rates of P (0, 10.3, 30.9, 92.7, or 278 mg P/kg oven-dry soil; P1, P2, P3, P4, or P5, respectively) and 2 rates of N (50 or 200 mg N/L in irrigation solution; N1 or N2, respectively). The growth periods (from sowing to harvest) for the 3 crops were as follows: 27 August-22 November 1993 for capsicum, 26 August-29 October 1993 for sweet corn, 31 August-22 October 1993 for tomato. For VAM-inoculated capsicum at PI, the dry weight (10.03 g/plant) and mean P concentration in the 5 youngest mature leaves (0.14%) were greater (P < 0.05) than those for uninoculated plants (0.28 g/plant; 0.09% P); a high coefficient of variation necessitated the use of log, transformed data to show differences. At low P rates, dry weight of sweet corn (P1, P2) and tomato (P1) plants colonised with VAM did not differ (P > 0.05) from uncolonised plants, despite inoculated plants having higher P concentrations in index tissues. At intermediate P rates, dry weights of inoculated plants were lower (P < 0.05) than those of uninoculated plants of sweet corn at P3 (81.1 and 102.2 g/plant, respectively) and of tomato at both P2 (11.7 and 34.5 g/plant, respectively) and P3 (39.6 and 52.1 g/plant, respectively). For all 3 crops, a lack of VAM response at high P ( >P4) was related to a lower (P < 0.05) VAM colonisation. The percentage root length colonised by VAM at P5 was only 6.8, 19.6, and 2.4% of that measured at P1 in the case of capsicum, sweet corn, and tomato roots, respectively. Increasing N concentration in the irrigation solution from 50 to 200 mg/L increased (P < 0.05) VAM colonisation of sweet corn (from 28 8 to 36 2%), but had no effect on capsicum and tomato.
Reduced cGMP signaling associated with neointimal proliferation and vascular dysfunction in late-stage atherosclerosis
Authors: Melichar Volker O. , Behr-Roussel Delphine , Zabel Ulrike , Uttenthal L. Otto , Rodrigo José , Rupin Alain , Verbeuren Tony J. , Kumar H. S. Arun , Schmidt Harald H. H. W.
Published: November 2004

Atherosclerosis is associated with alterations in nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling. In early stages of the disease, inflammatory and possibly other cells produce reactive oxygen species that scavenge vasoprotective NO. In addition to the oxidative stress, expression and activity of enzymes downstream to NO formation may also be affected. Here, we show in the aortas of chronically hypercholesterolemic rabbits (a model of late-stage atherosclerosis), both subunits and specific activity of the NO receptor soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) were significantly reduced, whereas overall NO synthase activity was unaffected. These changes were most prominent in the neointimal layer, wherein cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGK) levels also were reduced. Additionally, a protein (p38
nt
) that was constitutively tyrosine-nitrated was detected, and its expression was significantly reduced in atherosclerotic aorta. Phosphorylation of the cGK substrate vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) at Ser-239, an established biochemical endpoint of NO/cGMP signaling, also was reduced. Thus, late-stage atherosclerosis is associated not only with enhanced NO breakdown but also with altered NO reception and cGMP signaling. Preferential down-regulation in neointima suggests a direct connection of these changes to neointimal proliferation and vascular dysfunction and provides a rationale for future pharmacotherapy using classical and novel sGC activators.
Fear fosters flight: A mechanism for fear contagion when perceiving emotion expressed by a whole body
Authors: de Gelder Beatrice , Snyder Josh , Greve Doug , Gerard George , Hadjikhani Nouchine
Published: November 2004

Darwin regarded emotions as predispositions to act adaptively, thereby suggesting that characteristic body movements are associated with each emotional state. To this date, investigations of emotional cognition have predominantly concentrated on processes associated with viewing facial expressions. However, expressive body movements may be just as important for understanding the neurobiology of emotional behavior. Here, we used functional MRI to clarify how the brain recognizes happiness or fear expressed by a whole body. Our results indicate that observing fearful body expressions produces increased activity in brain areas narrowly associated with emotional processes and that this emotion-related activity occurs together with activation of areas linked with representation of action and movement. The mechanism of fear contagion hereby suggested may automatically prepare the brain for action.
Validation of pressure ulcer risk assessment scales: a critique
Authors: Defloor Tom , Grypdonck Maria F.H.
Published: November 2004

Aim.  The aim of this paper is to present critical analysis of the validation methods of pressure ulcer risk assessment scales.

Background.  The validation of pressure ulcer risk assessment scales remains a topic of considerable debate and uncertainty. The Braden scale and Norton scale are the most frequently used. Sensitivity and specificity are the recommended and most commonly used epidemiological tools to evaluate the validity of those risk assessment scales.

Discussion.  The use of preventive measures influences both the sensitivity and specificity of the scales. Analysis of published studies on risk assessment scales reveals that, although some patients received preventive measures and others did not, this was not taken into account. Consequently, generalization of those results is not possible. Some possible alternative designs for studying the validity of risk assessment scales are discussed.

Conclusions.  Currently available risk assessment scales are of only limited value, and there use will result in many patients being falsely identified as at risk or not at risk. Sensitivity and specificity criteria are not the most appropriate tools to validate risk assessment scales. A risk assessment scale should be evaluated in combination with the preventive measures used.
The effect of intron location on intron‐mediated enhancement of gene expression in Arabidopsis
Authors: Rose Alan B.
Published: November 2004

Introns are often required for full expression of genes in organisms as diverse as plants, insects, nematodes, yeast, and mammals. To explore the potential mechanisms of intron‐mediated enhancement in Arabidopsis thaliana, the effect of varying the position of an intron was determined using a series of reporter gene fusions between TRYPTOPHAN BIOSYNTHESIS1 (TRP1) and GUS. Two introns that differ in the degree to which they stimulate expression were individually tested at six locations within coding sequences and two positions in the 3′‐UTR. The ability of the first introns from both the TRP1 and POLYUBIQUITIN10 (UBQ10) genes to elevate mRNA accumulation in transgenic plants was found to decline with distance from the promoter, despite their being efficiently spliced from all coding sequence locations. Neither intron significantly enhanced mRNA accumulation when positioned 1.1 kb or more from the start of transcription. In addition, measurements of GUS enzyme activity revealed that both introns at all locations elevated GUS activity more than they enhanced mRNA accumulation. The stimulation mediated by two of four other introns tested at the position nearest the promoter was also greater at the level of GUS activity than mRNA accumulation. These findings support a model in which introns increase transcription and promote translation by two distinct mechanisms.
Primary lung involvement with amyloid deposition in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: Observations from over 20 years
Authors: OKUDA Miyuki , OKUDA Yasuhisa , OGURA Takeshi , KASHIO Makoto , MASUNO Tomiya , OJI Yusuke , MIYAZAKI Masayuki
Published: November 2004

Abstract:  Primary lung involvement in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) is rare. The present case had lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, secreting monoclonal IgM, localized to the lung. WM is also of great interest with regard to the pathogenesis of amyloidosis. The nodular, parenchymal amyloid lesions of the lung are presented with CXR observations of more than 20 years.
Carotid artery stenosis: Routine predilatation or direct stenting?
Authors: Juang Jyh‐Ming , Lin Yen‐Hong , Lin Lung‐Chun , Lu Chien‐Jung , Yip Ping‐Keung , Kao Hsien‐Li
Published: November 2004

Stenting is a potential alternative treatment for carotid artery stenosis. Direct stenting may, theoretically, reduce the risk of embolism by minimizing plaque manipulation before tissue scaffolding is achieved. The results of direct carotid stenting are reported and compared with those of stenting with predilatation. One hundred and seventy‐four carotid artery stenoses were treated from July 1998 to February 2002, with 84 lesions directly stented (Group 1) and the other 90 lesions stented after predilatation (Group 2). The criteria for direct stenting were minimal luminal diameter (MLD) > 1 mm and no visible thrombus angiographically. Technical success rates of the two groups were both 100%, without any cross‐over. Reference vessel diameter and lesion length did not differ between the two groups. In Group 1, diameter stenosis was lower (79 ± 8 vs 92 ± 7%, P < 0.001) and MLD was larger (1.1 ± 0.5 vs 0.4 ± 0.4 mm, P < 0.001) than that in Group 2, but the final MLD (4.7 ± 0.9 vs 4.7 ± 0.9 mm, P = 0.94) of the two groups were not statistically different. The periprocedural ipsilateral stroke or death rates were also similar in the two groups (2/84 vs 4/90, P = 0.68). It was concluded that if the MLD of carotid stenosis is larger than 1 mm and no thrombus is present, direct stenting could be carried out safely with results comparable to that of stenting after predilatation.
Surgical treatment for advanced chronic venous insufficiency in Hong Kong
Authors: Ting Albert Chi‐Wai , Cheng Stephen Wing‐Keung , Ho Pei , Poon Jensen Tung‐Chung , Wu Lisa Lai‐Ha , Cheung Grace Chung‐Yan
Published: November 2004

Advanced chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is an important health problem. In Hong Kong, with its predominantly Chinese population, most patients have primary CVI because deep vein thrombosis is less common. Nevertheless, 80% of the limbs with advanced CVI had reflux in both the superficial and deep vein systems. This showed that advanced CVI in this population is a multisystem pathological condition affecting both the superficial and deep vein systems. In the present study, it was hypothesized that the abnormal hydrostatic forces in the superficial and perforating vein systems are the significant pathologic forces leading to advanced CVI, although deep vein incompetence is common. This deep vein incompetence can be contributed to significantly by venous overload as a result of superficial reflux (reflux circuit of venous overload). This is well supported by the abolition of deep venous reflux as well as significant haemodynamic improvement as measured by air plethysmography after superficial vein surgery in limbs with mixed superficial and deep venous incompetence. Recently, subfascial endoscopic perforating vein surgery (SEPS) was introduced as a minimally invasive technique to interrupt incompetent calf perforators. Preliminary local experience showed that SEPS with concomitant superficial vein surgery was associated with a 97% ulcer healing at a mean follow up of 15 months. Significant haemodynamic improvement was also shown by air plethysmography. However, recurrent ulcers were noted in 15% of the limbs. Thus, SEPS with superficial vein surgery where appropriate can be the optimal operative treatment strategy for advanced CVI in the local population, although ulcer recurrence remains a concern.
Endovascular management of peripheral arterial occlusive diseases
Authors: Kwok Philip Chong‐Hei
Published: November 2004

Peripheral arterial occlusive disease is related to lifestyle and it is becoming more common in Hong Kong. The management of this disease consists of lifestyle modification and exercise training. If the symptoms are severe, endovascular treatment can provide quick relief. Iliac stenting produces better results than angioplasty, but it is more cost‐effective if it is applied selectively. Femoropopliteal artery occlusive diseases should be treated with angioplasty. In selected cases, subintimal angioplasty or stent grafts can be used. Re‐occlusion after intervention is mainly as a result of intimal hyperplasia. It can be prevented by endovascular irradiation or, possibly, drug‐eluting stents.
Clinicians’ reported use of clinical priority assessment criteria and their attitudes to prioritization for elective surgery: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: McLeod Deborah , Morgan Sonya , McKinlay Eileen , Dew Kevin , Cumming Jackie , Dowell Anthony , Love Tom
Published: November 2004

Objectives:  To explore the attitudes of clinicians working in New Zealand publicly funded hospitals towards prioritizing patients for elective surgery, and their reported use of clinical priority assessment criteria (CPAC).

Design:  A cross‐sectional study using a postal questionnaire. The questionnaire drew on themes identified from an earlier qualitative study. Questions were closed and information was sought about perceptions of the need to prioritize patients, effective ways of doing so and the use of CPAC.

Setting:  New Zealand

Participants:  A national sample of cardiologists, cardiac, general and orthopaedic surgeons, and registrars.

Results:  Three hundred and thirty‐two clinicians responded to the survey (74.1%). Respondents generally agreed that a nationally consistent method of prioritizing patients for surgery was required but felt their clinical judgement was the most effective way of prioritizing patients. Current CPAC were considered to be administrative tools and there was marked variation in their reported use. Consistent use of CPAC using the constructs provided was more likely to be reported by cardiac specialists than general or orthopaedic surgeons. Other features of the hospital system in which surgeons worked also had a major impact on access to elective surgery.

Conclusions:  Clinicians recognized the need for a nationally consistent method of prioritizing patients. Although most did not consider current CPAC were effective in achieving this, many felt there was some potential in further development of tools. However, further development is problematic in the absence of objective measures of need and ability to benefit.
Audit of postoperative chemoradiotherapy as adjuvant therapy for resected gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: an Australian multicentre experience
Authors: Hughes Brett G. M. , Yip Desmond , Chao Michael , Gibbs Peter , Carroll Susan , Goldstein David , Burmeister Bryan , Karapetis Christos
Published: November 2004

Background:  Improved disease free and overall survivals were seen in curatively resected patients with gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma treated with the Intergroup 0116 (INT 0116) protocol of postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy compared to surgery alone. This protocol has not been widely adopted in Australian centres because of perceived risks of toxicity.

Methods:  We reviewed the case records from 45 consecutive patients treated between May 1998 and August 2003 with the INT 0116 protocol and variations at five Australian institutions. The median age was 61.5 years (range 38−79). Twenty‐nine patients had gastric and 12 had gastroesophageal junction primaries. All patients had attempted curative resection, however, seven had involved microscopic margins (R1 resection). Thirty‐five had regional node involvement and none had evidence of distant metastasis.

Results:  The overall National Cancer Institute − Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI‐CTC) version 2.0 grade 3 and grade 4 toxicity rates for all patients were 37.8% and 4.4%, respectively. There were no treatment related deaths. Gastrointestinal grade 3 toxicity was observed in 20% of patients, while haematologic grade 3 and 4 toxicity was observed in 17.8%. Toxicities experienced led to chemotherapy dose reductions in 22 patients and dose delay in 11 patients. Seven patients had a delay in radiotherapy and two did not proceed with radiotherapy. At a median follow up of 16 months (range 5−35) from surgery, 28 patients have relapsed (six with local recurrence alone) with 22 deaths occurring, all but one caused by cancer.

Conclusion:  The INT 0116 protocol is a safe and feasible schedule in a multicentre setting with an acceptable rate of toxicity and is an appropriate adjuvant treatment option for high‐risk resected gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.
Splenic infarct: a rare cause of spontaneous rupture leading to massive haemoperitoneum
Authors: Mahesh Balakrishnan , Muwanga Cyrus L.
Published: November 2004

A 76‐year‐old woman presented to the accident and emergency department with an acute surgical abdomen. She did not have any significant medical history or history of trauma. Examination findings revealed generalized peritonitis. Preliminary investigations were unhelpful in revealing a cause. On urgent exploratory laparotomy, a ruptured spleen was found and splenectomy performed. The hollow viscera were normal. The gross and microscopic appearances were suggestive of splenic rupture occurring through areas of infarction. We proceed to analyse the causes of spontaneous rupture of the spleen in our discussion of this case.
Use of heparin to lower the incidence of phlebitis induced by anti‐neoplastic agents used in ovarian cancer
Authors: Ikeda Shun‐ichi , Douchi Tsutomu , Nagata Yukihiro
Published: November 2004

Aim:  To investigate whether heparin infusion with the administration of anti‐neoplastic agents in ovarian cancer can reduce the occurrence of phlebitis as a complication of chemotherapy.

Methods:  The subjects were 20 patients with ovarian cancer who developed phlebitis following their first course of anti‐cancer chemotherapy. In the subsequent chemotherapy course, 10 patients received heparin infusion of 5000 U, starting 3 h before the administration of anti‐neoplastic agents and continuing concomitantly with the agents for 12 h. The other 10 patients (control) were treated with anti‐neoplastic agents alone.

Results:  Only one (10%) of 10 patients who had received heparin developed phlebitis, while eight patients (80%) in the control group did (P = 0.005). In the heparin group, there were no toxic effects of heparin observed. The prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and platelet count did not differ before and after the completion of chemotherapy.

Conclusion:  Concurrent infusion of heparin and anti‐neoplastic agents in ovarian cancer is a safe and effective method of preventing phlebitis induced by chemotherapy.
The Self: the Incredulous Stare Articulated
Authors: Inwagen Peter van
Published: November 2004

This paper is an examination of Galen Strawson’s theory of the human person as a succession of momentary selves (or SESMETs: Subjects of Experience that are Single MEntal Things). Insofar as there is a clear distinction between enduring objects and events or processes, SESMETs would seem to partake of the features of both, for they are at once short‐lived subjects of consciousness and brief episodes of consciousness. Strawson in fact rejects the object/ process distinction, and contends that there is no sense in which a SESMET is a process and a rock is not a process. Strawson’s rejection of the object/process distinction is essential to his attempt to meet the charge that the concept of a SESMET is an incoherent conflation of the concept ‘object’ and the concept ‘process.’ But many philosophers will find the rejection of the object/process distinction objectionable on general metaphysical grounds. I suggest that these philosophers (I am one of them) and Strawson will not be able usefully to discuss issues in the philosophy of mind (such as his theory of SESMETs) till they have reached agreement about what the most fundamental ontological categories are.
Civilization in Color: The Multicultural City in Three Millennia
Authors: De Souza Briggs Xavier
Published: November 2004

How should democratic societies and the cities that propel them respond to increased social diversity? Surprisingly few studies compare cities on their capacity to manage social diversity or offer historical views of the bases for co‐existence among identity groups. Studies of this crucial theme that do offer comparative reach are limited to higher‐level analyses (e.g., of race and nation making in the modern global order) or partial views (e.g., of economic inequality by race or ethnic politics in contemporary cities). This study, an exercise in theory building, examines three large, history‐making, and famously diverse cities that relied on distinct designs for society to accommodate diversity: ancient Rome, medieval Cordoba, and contemporary Los Angeles. Comparisons across such huge spans of time and major culture shifts yield lessons obscured in current debates over inequality, multiculturalism, or the need for tolerance. Three of the most important lessons relate to the power of integrative societal projects much larger than cities; the co‐existence throughout history of separatism or cultural mosaic patterns alongside active cross‐cultural exchange and hybridization; and the need to bound pluralistic ideals within a strong, locally viable public order. In earlier periods of history, autocracy provided such order for standout pluralist cities and the civilizations they led.

Come, come whoever you are. Ours is not a caravan of despair. —Rumi, 13th‐century Persian poet
The Neighborhood in Cultural Production: Material and Symbolic Resources in the New Bohemia
Authors: Lloyd Richard
Published: November 2004

Drawing on an extended case study of the Chicago neighborhood Wicker Park, this article examines the role that neighborhood space plays in organizing the activities of young artists, showing how an urban district can serve as a factor in aesthetic production. The tendency of artists and fellow travelers to cluster in distinctive (usually older) urban neighborhoods is well known. While in recent decades many scholars have recognized that these creative congregations contribute to residential gentrification and other local patterns of increased capital investment, the benefits that such neighborhoods offer for aspirants in creative pursuits are generally assumed, not explained. I use the Wicker Park case to show how the contemporary artists' neighborhood provides both material and symbolic resources that facilitate creative activity, particularly in the early stages of a cultural producer's career. I further connect these observations to the production of culture as a commodity, showing how select neighborhoods fill quasi‐institutional roles in the flexible webs that characterize contemporary culture industries.
Community Organizing and Regionalism
Authors: Kleidman Robert
Published: November 2004

In 1996, the Gamaliel Foundation, a national network of more than 40 congregation‐based community organizing projects, adopted a regional approach to community organizing, consolidating local projects into metropolitan organizations and addressing regional dynamics of sprawl and socioeconomic polarization. Through participant observation and interviews at metropolitan and national levels, I examine the effects of regionalism on community organizing. I find that a regional approach may help organizers manage longstanding dilemmas of ideology—how to balance broad appeal with sharp analysis—and scale—how to maintain democratic participation while organizing beyond the local level. I look briefly at the effects of grassroots organizing on regionalism, and find that it may give it a more radical and populist thrust.
Comparison of voluntary feed intake, rumen passage and degradation kinetics between crossbred Brahmam cattle (Bos indicus) and swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) fed a fattening diet based on corn silage
Authors: ICHINOHE Toshiyoshi , ORDEN Edgar A. , DEL BARRIO Arnel N. , LAPITAN Rosalina M. , FUJIHARA Tsutomu , CRUZ Libertado C. , KANAI Yukio
Published: November 2004

Three crossbred tropical cattle and three crossbred buffaloes, fitted with rumen cannulas, were used to investigate the differences in feed intake, digestibility and parameters with rumen degradation kinetics between cattle and buffalo fed a fattening diet in the Philippines. The animals were fed a diet consisting of 50% corn silage (CS), 30% brewer's grain (BG) and 20% concentrate mixture (CM) on a dry matter (DM) basis, at a level of 3% bodyweight (BW) as DM. Total DM intake (DMI) and rumen fill were greater (P < 0.05) for buffaloes than for cattle, but significant differences were not detected between the animal species when those were expressed as percentage of BW. The DMI per metabolic body size for BG and CM were greater for buffaloes than for cattle (P < 0.05), whereas that of CS did not differ between the species (P > 0.05). The weight proportion of consumed feedstuffs differed between cattle and buffaloes (P < 0.05), although nutrient intake per total DMI did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between the animal species. Nutrients digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) for buffaloes than for cattle. Ruminal passage rate constant of feed particles and rumen fluid did not differ (P > 0.05) between the animal species. Higher DM degradation rate constant and effective degradability with CS were prominent for buffaloes than for cattle (P < 0.05). Degradation parameters did not differ (P > 0.05) between cattle and buffaloes, neither with BG nor CM. The results indicate that the greater digestibility with DM and energy for buffaloes are ascribable to greater effective degradability of CS fedad libitumlevel.
HOMOMORPHISMS OF BANACH ALGEBRAS WITH RANGE IN C1[0, 1]
Authors: KAMOWITZ HERBERT , SCHEINBERG STEPHEN
Published: November 2004

Many commutative semisimple Banach algebras B including B = C (X), X compact, and B = L1 (G), G locally compact, have the property that every homomorphism from B into C1[0, 1] is compact. In this paper we consider this property for uniform algebras. Several examples of homomorphisms from somewhat complicated algebras of analytic functions to C1[0, 1] are shown to be compact. This, together with the fact that every homomorphism from the disc algebra and from the algebra H∞ (∆), ∆ = unit disc, to C1[0, 1] is compact, led to the conjecture that perhaps every homomorphism from a uniform algebra into C1[0, 1] is compact. The main result to which we devote the second half of this paper, is to construct a compact Hausdorff space X, a uniformly closed subalgebra [Formula: see text] of C (X), and an arc ϕ: [0, 1] → X such that the transformation T defined by Tf = f ◦ ϕ is a (bounded) homomorphism of [Formula: see text] into C1[0, 1] which is not compact.
COMPLEX FENCHEL-NIELSEN COORDINATES FOR QUASI-FUCHSIAN STRUCTURES
Authors: TAN SER PEOW
Published: November 2004

Let Fg be a closed oriented surface of genus g ≥ 2 and let [Formula: see text] be the space of marked quasi-fuchsian structures on Fg. Let [Formula: see text] be a set of non-intersecting, non-trivial simple closed curves on Fg that cuts Fg into pairs of pants components. In this note, we construct global complex coordinates for [Formula: see text] relative to [Formula: see text] giving an embedding of [Formula: see text] into [Formula: see text]. The totally real subspace of [Formula: see text] with respect to these coordinates is the Teichmüller Space [Formula: see text] of marked hyperbolic structures on Fg, the coordinates reduce to the usual Fenchel-Nielsen coordinates for [Formula: see text] relative to [Formula: see text]. Various properties of the embedded image are studied.
ON FANO MANIFOLDS WITH NORMAL PROJECTIVE CONNECTIONS
Authors: YE YUN-GANG
Published: November 2004

In this paper, we show that a Fano manifold with a normal projective connection is necessarily a projective space. This answers a question raised by Kobayashi and Ochiai.
PARALLEL ARCHITECTURES AND INTRINSICALLY PARALLEL ALGORITHMS: GENETIC ALGORITHMS
Authors: CAMPANINI R. , CARO G. DI , VILLANI M. , D’ANTONE I. , GIUSTI G.
Published: November 2004

Genetic algorithms are search or classification algorithms based on natural models. They present a high degree of internal parallelism. We developed two versions, differing in the way the population is organized and we studied and compared their characteristics and performances when applied to the optimization of multidimensional function problems. All the implementations are realized on transputer networks.
A SIMPLE MODEL FOR FRACTURE IN A LAMINATED STRIP AND AN APPROXIMATE SOLUTION IN CLOSED FORM
Authors: Fan T.Y. , Maier M. , Kerth S.
Published: November 2004

This paper presents a simple model on the fracture of a laminated strip. Based on the method of complex variable function for solving plane elasticity and the confomal mapping technique, a closed form solution for the simplified model is constructed. The most important physical quantity for fracture analysis—the stress intensity factor—includes analytically the effects of structure geometry and the material constants. The analysis is very easily extended to solve the problem of material nonlinear behaviour and the problem of any 2n+1 layers with n+1 different materials. These may provide useful insight into the field of interlaminar fracture of composite materials.
UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ANALOG NEURAL INPUTS
Authors: KOHRING G.A.
Published: November 2004

Although it is generally agreed that neural networks with graded input neurons may correspond more closely with biological reality, there are some severe problems associated with such networks. When using multi-state neurons, it has recently been shown, that the information capacity falls off like 1/Q2, if Q is the number of neuron states. Why this is so, will be discussed here along with a first-order solution to this problem. The solution lends itself quite naturally to implementation on a parallel computer.
CHIRAL GAUGE THEORIES ON THE LATTICE WITHOUT GAUGE FIXING?
Authors: BOCK WOLFGANG
Published: November 2004

We discuss two proposals for a non-perturbative formulation of chiral gauge theories on the lattice. In both cases gauge symmetry is broken by the regularization. We aim at a dynamical restoration of symmetry. If the gauge symmetry breaking is not too severe this procedure could lead in the continuum limit to the desired chiral gauge theory.
GLUEBALL AND MESON SCATTERING IN COMPACT QED2+1 LATTICE GAUGE THEORY
Authors: CHAARA A.M. , KRÖGER H. , POTVIN J.
Published: November 2004

We study glueball and meson scattering in compact QED2+1 gauge theory in a Hamiltonian formulation on a momentum lattice. We compute S-matrix elements and scattering cross sections and compare our results with strong coupling perturbation theory
A LATTICE INVESTIGATION OF THE NAMBU-JONA-LASINIO MODEL
Authors: RAKOW P.E.L. , STÜBEN H. , ALI KHAN A. , GÖCKELER M. , HORSLEY R. , SCHIERHOLZ G.
Published: November 2004

We summarize our lattice investigation of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model1.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL LATTICE GRAVITY AS A SPIN SYSTEM
Authors: BEIRL W. , MARKUM H. , RIEDLER J.
Published: November 2004

Quantum gravity is studied in the path integral formulation applying the Regge calculus. Restricting the quadratic link lengths of the originally triangular lattice the path integral can be transformed to the partition function of a spin system with higher couplings on a Kagomé lattice. Various measures acting as external field are considered. Extensions to matter fields and higher dimensions are discussed.
LIGHT PROPAGATION IN OPTICAL FIBERS WITH RANDOMLY VARYING BIREFRINGENCE
Authors: Wai P.K.A. , Menyuk C.R.
Published: November 2004

Polarization decorrelation in single-mode fibers with randomly varying birefringence is studied. We find that polarization decorrelation length is minimized for a given beat length if the autocorrelation length of the internal birefringence fluctuation is close to the average beat length. Implications for both soliton and linear communication systems are discussed
ION ACOUSTIC SOLITARY STRUCTURES IN A BOUNDED ELECTROSTATIC PLASMA: A MULTI—FLUID FINITE—DIFFERENCE APPROACH
Authors: BABOOLAL S.
Published: November 2004

The fluid equations for a plasma are numerically integrated to obtain soliton solutions in a bounded one—dimensional system. This contrasts with KdV and modified KdV approaches which are approximations generally valid for small amplitudes only.
UNLEARNING IN NEURAL NETWORKS WITH MANY-NEURON INTERACTIONS
Authors: BARROZO M.C.D. , PENNA T.J.P.
Published: November 2004

We present a version of a multineuron interaction model that includes unlearning. Through extensive numerical simulations we can show that unlearning increases the performance of the network with respect to retrieval of stored informations by enlarging the basins of attraction. Relationships that allow us to estimate the optimal performance in the learning stage of this model were found.
MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF ISING-LIKE IMMUNOLOGICAL SHAPE SPACE
Authors: STAUFFER DIETRICH
Published: November 2004

The high-dimensional shape space for the antibodies of the immune system is simulated with an Ising-like interaction. However, instead of the molecular field being linear in the sum of the neighbor spins, we take it as quadratic and negative. In this way the bell-shaped response curve of biological immune systems is approximated, as a probabilistic generalization of window automata. We find phase transitions only in five and more dimensions, not in two to four, for nearest-neighbor interactions.
DATA REDUCTION TECHNIQUES AND EXTRACTION OF PHYSICS PARAMETERS IN THE ICARUS DETECTOR
Authors: VENTURA SANDRO
Published: November 2004

A liquid argon time projection chamber (LAr-TPC) working as an electronic bubblechamber, continually sensitive, self-triggering, able to provide 3-D imaging of any ionizing event together with a good calorimetric response was first proposed by Carlo Rubbia in 1977. In order to verify the feasibility of such a detector, the ICARUS collaboration started in 1985 an intensive R&D program aiming to solve the main technological problems. The satisfactory results obtained on small scale tests allowed us to start in 1989 the construction of a 3 ton prototype which is presently working at CERN under stable conditions without interruptions since May 1991, collecting events from cosmic rays and monochromatic gamma ray sources.

The paper describes the working principles of such a detector, showing the results of the research program applied in the present prototype. Some emphasis is put into the description of the read-out apparatus, a custom designed VME-based multichannel waveform recorder. The huge number of channels and the high sampling rate essential to achieve the high resolution in the track detection make the data acquisition architecture a crucial point for event detection rate and self-triggering capabilities. At present a. complete signal analysis is performed to define those parameters needed to tune up algorithms and filtering methods that will become necessary in the future step of the ICARUS detector (hundred to thousands of tons of argon, i. e. tens of thousands of readout channels). A particular effort is made to optimize track localization algorithms, in order to achieve high efficiency data reduction by storing only those portions of signal which contain the track (thus lowering up to three orders of magnitude the event size) .

From a human interface point of view, the data presentation relies on an event imaging very similar to the old fashioned bubble chambers. Besides from giving a direct feeling of what happens inside the detector, this kind of representations opens a way to the wide panorama of image processing applications: tasks as detail enhancement, pattern recognition or 3D reconstruction will helpfully inherit support from more general procedures.
MONTECARLO SIMULATIONS FOR A LEP EXPERIMENT WITH UNIX WORKSTATION CLUSTERS
Authors: BONESINI M. , CALEGARI A. , ROSSI P. , ROSSI V.
Published: November 2004

Modular systems of RISC CPU based computers have been implemented for large productions of Montecarlo simulated events for the DELPHI experiment at CERN. From a pilot system based on DEC 5000 CPU’s, a full size system based on a CONVEX C3820 UNIX supercomputer and a cluster of HP 735 workstations has been put into operation as a joint effort between INFN Milano and CILEA.
LATTICE SIMULATION OF LEAKY FAUCET DYNAMICS
Authors: OLIVEIRA P.M.C. DE , PENNA T.J.P.
Published: November 2004

We adopt an Ising-like model in order to simulate the dynamic evolution of drops falling from a leaky faucet. The time intervals between successive drops are measured, and return maps are constructed and compared with experimental results, displaying periodic, intermittent and chaotic behaviors. The computer strategy to deal with this problem is also described. In our simulation, only a van der Waals-like attraction, the surface tension and the earth gravitational field are taken into account, besides the fluctuations allowed by the Monte Carlo dynamics. Since we succeed in reproducing most of the observed complex behavior, our results indicate that only these physical ingredients may be enough to formulate a good theoretical model for this system, under a macroscopic, continuous point of view.
NONEQUILIBRIUM STATES OF CHARGE CARRIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTORS: POSSIBILITIES TO CREATE INVERSE POPULATION AND INITIATE LASER ACTION
Authors: GULIAN A.M. , NERSESYAN H.N. , PATURYAN S.V.
Published: November 2004

Distribution functions of nonequilibrium electron-hole excitations are considered in superconductors under the external pumping. In isotropic superconductors with the Debye-like phonon spectrum, the inverse population theoretically may be created only at the tunnel injection of electrons from massive superconductor into thin superconducting film. In superconductors with non-Debye spectrum, particularly in anisotropic single crystals, in which the interaction of electrons with transverse phonon modes may become significant, the situation is much more preferable. Recently, it has been shown that the electron system of such superconductors can be shifted ultimately far from thermal equilibrium state by the incident light. Thus, the possibilities exist for the creation of generators of coherent electromagnetic radiation on the basis of superconducting active media.
ISING TRANSITION TEMPERATURES FOR QUASICRYSTALS: DOES THE TOPOLOGY MATTER?
Authors: BHATTACHARJEE SOMENDRA M.
Published: November 2004

We study by Monte Carlo simulation the variation of the Ising critical temperature on pentagonal two-dimensional quasicrystals with the change of the continuous parameter that controls the local isomorphism of the quasicrystals.
SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY DETERMINATION OF SURFACE DIFFUSION BY DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF DISPLACEMENT DISTRIBUTION
Authors: MO Y.W.
Published: November 2004

A scanning tunneling microscopy method for studying surface diffusion is developed based on measurements of the displacement distribution of adsorbates by “image-anneal-image” cycles which allow direct observation of diffusion process while avoiding potential STM-tip effects. The method is used to study the anisotropic diffusion of Sb dimers on Si(001).
MAXIMUM DYNAMICAL DISORDER IN AMORPHOUS GaAs
Authors: GRADO CAFFARO M.A. , GRADO CAFFARO M.
Published: November 2004

Maximum dynamical disorder in amorphous gallium arsenide is investigated in a special way. In particular, this maximum disorder refers to distance and it is investigated in the context of optical absorption at very low frequencies in the far-infrared range when the photon energy is larger than 2Ec, Ec being the energy at the conduction band edge. Absorption coefficient is calculated and compared with experimental work. Phonon density of states is also evaluated.
EPR AND XRD SPECTROSCOPIES OF THE CHROMIUM IONS IN THE ZSM-5 ZEOLITE
Authors: TRIF ELEONORA , STRUGARU DORINA , MARCU CRISTINA , RUSSU R. , GHEORGHE GABRIELA , IVAN I.
Published: November 2004

The introduction of chromium into silica-high zeolite of ZSM-5 type was carried out by heating homogeneous mechanical mixtures of H-form zeolite with the CrO 3 compound. X-ray diffraction and paramagnetic resonance methods were used to follow the thermal stability of the zeolite, the framework alteration, as well as the nature of the chromium complexes formed during solid phase reactions. For low contents of oxide (x≤5% wt. CrO 3) in mixtures, the thermal stability, T=1070°C, of the zeolite phase is not affected by the presence of the reaction products. The treatment of mixtures in air and in vacuum leads to the location of several isolated Cr(III) and Cr(V) complexes in cation positions. The low-field resonances at g=3.72 and/or g=5–6 indicate the presence of isolated Cr(III) species in orthorhombically distorted octahedral environments. Several Cr(V) species were also detected, two of them exhibiting a superhyperfine structure (a Al =0.63–0.73 mT ) caused by the interaction of the Cr(V) ions with 27 Al (I=5/2) of the zeolite framework. Generally, the signals arising from the isolated ions are overlapped by broad resonances typical for chromium-rich phases. Drastic changes of the spectra, upon ingress of gas-phase molecules (air, H 2 O , O 2) over the calcined samples, certify the unsaturated character of the Cr complexes formed during the treatments. It is one characteristic feature of the H-ZSM-5 zeolites which results in the special catalytic activity of the chromium-containing zeolites.
THE NATURE OF SYMMETRY BREAKING IN THE SUPERFLUID PHASE TRANSITION IN TWO DIMENSIONS
Authors: SPELIOTOPOULOS ACHILLES D. , MORRISON HARRY L.
Published: November 2004

The nature of symmetry breaking in the superfluid phase transition in two dimensions is studied. It is shown that, like superfluidity in three dimensions, the superfluid phase transition in two dimensions is characterized by the breaking of a U(1) gauge symmetry. The phase transition does not so much resemble the superfluid phase transition in three dimensions, however, as it does Bogolubov’s η-ensemble theory of the condensation of an ideal Bose gas.