bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers Faced by Returning Migrant Children in Vietnam: The Case of the Mekong Delta Region
Authors: Iwai Misaki
Published: April 2022

In recent years, there has been a noticeable presence of children known as “unrecognized” in the Vietnamese media. These children are the offspring of Vietnamese women married to Korean or Taiwanese men who have returned to Vietnam following divorce or separation. This article focuses on these marginalized mixed children and explores the diversity of their backgrounds and experiences after returning home. It establishes how various barriers faced by mothers have discouraged them from securing their children's citizenship, resulting in the “unrecognized” status of the latter. As established in this article, this leads to both structural and social barriers that include isolation and limited access to education.
Facile Preparation of Porous Low Density Polyethylene Monolith for Efficient Oil/Water Separation
Authors: Wang Qidong , Li Bin , Liu Qingshan , Qi Yanxia , Zhao Mingxing , Wang Hua , Asoh Taka-Aki , Uyama Hiroshi
Published: April 2022

A promising porous low-density polyethylene (LDPE) monolith has been successfully prepared for the first time via a facile thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method, followed by vacuum drying. The obtained LDPE monolith, with excellent hydrophobicity, shows highly efficient and selective adsorption of oil from oil/water mixtures including oil-in-water emulsion.
Gut Leakage and Cardiac Biomarkers after Prolonged Strenuous Exercise
Authors: AUNE SUSANNE KRISTINE , BONNEVIE-SVENDSEN MARTIN , NYBORG CHRISTOFFER , TRØSEID MARIUS , SELJEFLOT INGEBJØRG , HISDAL JONNY , HELSETH RAGNHILD
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Transient increase in the cardiac biomarkers troponin T (cTnT) and NT-proBNP are observed during strenuous exercise, even in healthy athletes. Gut leakage, the translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the circulation, is associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease but has also been reported after prolonged endurance exercise. We aimed to explore the link between exercise-induced gut leakage and cardiac biomarker release.

Methods

Participants in Norseman Xtreme Triathlon (Norseman) were included (n = 44, age 43 ± 9 yr, 9 [21%] women). Blood samples were taken before and immediately after the race for the determination of biomarkers. cTnT and NT-proBNP were measured by conventional methods. Gut leakage marker LPS was measured by the kinetic, chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate assay method, whereas LPS-binding protein (LBP), soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14), and intestinal injury marker intestinal fatty acid–binding protein (I-FABP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Median (25, 75 percentiles) finish time was 14 h 33 min (13 h 42 min, 15 h 29 min). TnT and NT-proBNP increased significantly to 38 ng·L−1 (27, 56) and 495 ng·L−1 (310, 828) after the race (P < 0.001, both). LBP and sCD14 also increased significantly (P < 0.001, both), as did I-FABP (P = 0.003), whereas LPS remained unchanged (P = 0.13). No significant correlations between changes in gut leakage markers and changes in cardiac biomarkers were observed after adjusting for multiple testing.

Conclusions

Cardiac and gut leakage biomarkers increased after Norseman Xtreme triathlon. However, changes in these biomarkers were not intercorrelated, suggesting that the exercise-induced increase in cardiac and gut leakage biomarkers occurs independently of each other.
Adolescents with Sport-Related Concussion Who Adhere to Aerobic Exercise Prescriptions Recover Faster
Authors: CHIZUK HALEY M. , WILLER BARRY S. , CUNNINGHAM ADAM , BEZHERANO ITAI , STOREY EILEEN , MASTER CHRISTINA , MANNIX REBEKAH , WIEBE DOUG J. , GRADY MATTHEW F. , MEEHAN WILLIAM P. , LEDDY JOHN J. , HAIDER MOHAMMAD N.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

There is growing evidence that subsymptom threshold aerobic exercise speeds recovery from sport-related concussion (SRC). It is not known whether there is a direct relationship between adherence to a personalized exercise prescription and recovery or if initial symptom burden affects adherence to the prescription.

Methods

This study was a planned secondary analysis of one arm of a randomized controlled trial. Male and female adolescent athletes (age 13–18 yr) presenting within 10 d of SRC were given aerobic exercise prescriptions based on their heart rate threshold at the point of exercise intolerance on a graded treadmill test. Adherence was determined objectively with HR monitors and compared against time to recovery. Participants who completed at least two-thirds of their aerobic exercise prescription were considered to be adherent.

Results

Sixty-one percent of adolescents met the adherence criterion. Those who were adherent were more symptomatic and were more exercise intolerant at their initial visit, yet they recovered faster than those who were not adherent (median recovery time, 12 (interquartile range, 9–22) d vs 21.5 (interquartile range, 13–29.8) d; P = 0.016). On linear regression, adherence during week 1 was inversely related to recovery time (β = −0.002 (−0.003, 0.0), P = 0.046) and to initial exercise tolerance (β = −0.886 (−1.385, −0.387), P < 0.001), but not to initial symptom severity (β = 0.545 (−0.232, 1.323), P = 0.146). No adverse events or near misses were reported.

Conclusions

Adherence to individualized subsymptom threshold aerobic exercise within the first week of evaluation is associated with faster recovery from SRC. The data suggest that initial degree of exercise intolerance, but not initial symptom severity, affects adherence to aerobic exercise prescribed to adolescents within 10 d of SRC.
Signaling and Employer Learning with Instruments
Authors: Aryal Gaurab , Bhuller Manudeep , Lange Fabian
Published: April 2022

This paper considers the use of instruments to identify and estimate private and social returns to education within a model of employer learning. What an instrument identifies depends on whether it is hidden from, or transparent (i.e., observed ) to, the employers. A hidden instrument identifies private returns to education, and a transparent instrument identifies social returns to education. We use variation in compulsory schooling laws across noncentral and central municipalities in Norway to, respectively, construct hidden and transparent instruments. We estimate a private return of 7.9 percent, of which 70 percent is due to increased productivity and the remaining 30 percent is due to signaling. (JEL D82, H75, I26, I28, J24, J31)
How Do National Firms Respond to Local Cost Shocks?
Authors: Butters R. Andrew , Sacks Daniel W. , Seo Boyoung
Published: April 2022

Recent research shows prices are insensitive to local demand conditions because national chains charge geographically uniform prices. We examine the price response to local cost shocks, including 68 excise tax changes, 76 sales tax changes, and other geographically based cost differences, using data on 35,151 retail stores in 96 multi-state chains. We find local cost shocks are passed through to local prices, with no spillovers to unaffected stores in otherwise affected chains, and at similar rates for national and local chains. Firms adjust local prices according to local cost changes, suggesting retailers respond asymmetrically to local cost and demand shocks. (JEL D22, D40, H22, H25, H71, L10, L81)
Species Identification and Tree-ring Dating of Wooden Elements in Myeongjeong-gate of Changgyeong-palace, Seoul, Korea
Authors: Lee Kwang Hee , Jo Sang Yoon , Kim Soo Chul
Published: April 2022

This aimed to species identification and tree-ring dating of wooden elements used in the Myeongjeong-gate of the Changgyeong-palace, Seoul, Korea. Of the 79 wooden elements evaluated, 78 were confirmed to be hard pines and one belonged to Abies spp.. Cores of the wooden elements were collected using a drill for tree-ring dating, and ring-width plots of individual samples were constructed using the TSAP software. The tree-ring dating results for the outermost ring of 58 hard pine wooden elements revealed the following felling dates: early spring of 1604-late fall of 1615, late fall of 1706-early spring of 1707, and late fall of 1828-late fall of 1834. The obtained felling dates of the 1600s and 1800s were found to be consistent with those in the construction and repair records of the Annals of Joseon Dynasty, Gwanghaegun’s Diary and Changgyeonggung Yeonggeondogam Uigwe. However, the obtained felling dates of the 1700s were not consistent with those in the construction and repair records. Therefore, additional confirmation of repairs that were not included in the records was possible using tree-ring dating.
Study on Material Characteristic of Daegu Modern History Museum Collection Rickshaw
Authors: Lee Ui Cheon , Lee Yeong Ju , Kim Soo Chul
Published: April 2022

In this study, we analyzed the rickshaw (Owned by the Daegu Modern History Museum) by measuring each material. The purpose of the study was to identify the materials in modern cultural assets that utilize a variety of materials in a complex way, and establish basic data for preservation and management. Using portable X-ray fluorescence analyzers (P-XRF), species identification, fiber identification, paint film analysis (microscope observation, SEM-EDS, FTIR) on metal, wood, fiber and paint was carried out. Brass, an alloy of Copper, Zinc and Iron, was measured in the metal parts. Further, wooden parts, such as Oak (Quercus acutissima), Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), Bamboo (Bambusoideae). Torreya nucifera (Torreya spp.) were identified in the body. Fiber parts consisted mainly of cotton, but some parts were also made of leather. In terms of paint, rickshaws were applied with multiple layers, using cashew (synthetic paint used in place of lacquer). In sum, the rickshaw body part appeared to overlap with layers of fiber, metal (soild), paint, and colored (black, red) layer.
Experimental Study for Consolidating Materials for Conservation Treatment of Woodblock
Authors: Jo Sang Yoon , Park Jung Hae , Kim Soo Chul
Published: April 2022

test piece was produced using deteriorated pine tree for the conservation treatment of woodblocks cultural heritage, and weight change, color change and penetration diffusion characteristics of the test piece according to the application of Dammar, Wax, Paraloid B-72, Animal glue and H.P.C treatment agent. As a result, it was confirmed that Dammar is the most suitable treatment agent for the strengthening of the material while maintaining the original color of the wood. A test piece was produced using deteriorated porous natural wood, which the damage condition is similar to that of woodblocks cultural heritage and the main tree of woodblocks cultural heritage based on above result, and the application of each Dammar concentration (2%, 5%) and wetting of each Dammar concentration (10%, 15%) were conducted in order to find out the application concentration and treatment method of Dammar, and weight change, penetration diffusion characteristics, etc. were observed. As a result, it was found that the Dammar 2% application was the best as an effective method for the strengthening of the material while maintaining the original color of the wood. Therefore, it is judged that Dammar 2% application is most suitable for the strengthening treatment of woodblocks cultural heritage with severe insect damage and degradation.
Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) e a Lei de Acesso à Informação Pública (LAI): um diálogo (im)possível? As influências do direito europeu
Authors: Limberger Têmis
Published: April 2022

Este artigo visa estudar a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados com relação à Lei de Acesso à Informação Pública e buscar uma interpretação que atenda ao interesse público e à proteção dos dados pessoais, analisando o artigo 23, caput, da LGPD, que aborda o tratamento de dados pelo poder público. Para tanto, utilizar-se-ão aportes do direito europeu, no qual alguns países são veteranos em acesso à informação pública, e cujas regras são consolidadas no Regulamento CE 1049/2001, e, por outro lado, o Regulamento Geral de Proteção de Dados UE 2016/679. Para resolução do conflito aparente: proteger os dados pessoais ou propiciar a transparência, sugerem-se critérios. Ao final, conclui-se que, apesar de ainda não haver no país a cultura da proteção dos dados pessoais, é possível o diálogo, visto que não existem direitos absolutos no ordenamento jurídico.
Prevalence of responsible research practices among academics in The Netherlands
Authors: Gopalakrishna Gowri , Wicherts Jelte M. , Vink Gerko , Stoop Ineke , van den Akker Olmo R. , ter Riet Gerben , Bouter Lex M.
Published: April 2022

Background:Traditionally, research integrity studies have focused on research misbehaviors and their explanations. Over time, attention has shifted towards preventing questionable research practices and promoting responsible ones. However, data on the prevalence of responsible research practices, especially open methods, open codes and open data and their underlying associative factors, remains scarce.

Methods:We conducted a web-based anonymized questionnaire, targeting all academic researchers working at or affiliated to a university or university medical center in The Netherlands, to investigate the prevalence and potential explanatory factors of 11 responsible research practices.

Results:A total of 6,813 academics completed the survey, the results of which show that prevalence of responsible practices differs substantially across disciplines and ranks, with 99 percent avoiding plagiarism in their work but less than 50 percent pre-registering a research protocol. Arts and humanities scholars as well as PhD candidates and junior researchers engaged less often in responsible research practices. Publication pressure negatively affected responsible practices, while mentoring, scientific norms subscription and funding pressure stimulated them.

Conclusions:Understanding the prevalence of responsible research practices across disciplines and ranks, as well as their associated explanatory factors, can help to systematically address disciplinary- and academic rank-specific obstacles, and thereby facilitate responsible conduct of research.
Case Report: Godoy & Godoy method of cervical lymphatic therapy – indirect evaluation of the effect of the duration of stimulation on ocular edema
Authors: Pereira de Godoy Jose Maria , Pereira de Godoy Henrique Jose , Pereira de Godoy Ana Carolina , Guerreiro Godoy Maria de Fatima
Published: April 2022

The aim of the present study is to report the indirect evaluation of cervical stimulation considering the effect of the duration of the stimulus on the control of intraocular pressure in a patient with bilateral glaucoma with important ocular edema.  A 47-year-old woman reported the onset of pain and bilateral tearing in the eyes at 35 years of age and was diagnosed with glaucoma. The patient began clinical treatment, but intraocular pressure remained 35 to 40 mmHg even with the use of four eye medications in the form of drops. The patient reported that her vision was always blurred despite the use of the eyedrops. The patient was submitted to the Godoy & Godoy method of cervical lymphatic therapy to reduce the edema. The ophthalmologist measured her intraocular pressure every two and three days. We found that the pressure was maintained below 20 mmHg when lymphatic therapy was performed every two days, but intraocular pressure increased and the vision became blurred when therapy was performed every three days. The Godoy & Godoy method of cervical lymphatic therapy constitutes a novel lymphatic system stimulation strategy that maintains its effect on intraocular pressure for approximately 48 hours, as demonstrated through an indirect evaluation.
Pre-grant Patent Disclosure and Analyst Forecast Accuracy
Authors: Beyhaghi Mehdi , Khashabi Pooyan , Mohammadi Ali
Published: April 2022

We examine the relationship between pre-grant patent disclosure and analyst forecast accuracy. We take advantage of the passage of the American Inventor’s Protection Act (1999), which mandates the pre-grant public disclosure of all information in patent application documents within 18 months of the initial filings. We find that, on average, the pre-grant patent disclosure of corporate inventions significantly improves the accuracy of analyst forecasts about the patenting firm and this improvement is greater for firms with higher research and development intensity. Nevertheless, improvements in the accuracy of analysts’ forecasts are smaller when firms issue more original and scientifically broader patents. Also, this effect is weaker for firms in states without legal protection for trade secrets.

This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.

Funding: Ali Mohammadi gratefully acknowledges support from the Danish Finance Institute.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4420 .
Gatekeeping and the Use of Contested Practices in Creative Industries: The Case of Fur in Fashion
Authors: Godart Frédéric , Hsu Greta , Negro Giacomo
Published: April 2022

In creative industries, a producer’s choice to use specific cultural practices is often driven by considerations of industry-specific notions of creativity and artistic vision. Creative producers claim autonomy over which practices are deemed desirable or legitimate, creating resistance to influences from outside the industry, such as from social movements. This study proposes that in such contexts, externally-driven change depends on the role of prominent gatekeepers. We consider how shifts in their discourse translate and amplify external social movement pressures for producers. We further argue that higher-status producers respond more to the changing discourse of these gatekeepers, to whom they are more tightly connected. This leads to a dynamic that is counterintuitive in the context of creative industries in which higher-status producers, who can benefit most from preserving the status quo, show greater responsiveness to external pressures when translated through gatekeeper discourse. Our empirical analysis uses a unique data set related to a prototypical contested practice: fur use in high-end fashion. These findings highlight the complex role of gatekeepers in creative industries and indirect pathways through which external social movements drive change.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1591 .
MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION AND TENSILE PROPERTIES ASSESSMENT OF GTAW WELDED INCOLOY 800H ALLOYS FUEL CLADDING FOR SCWR
Authors: Xiao Lin , Cota-Sanchez Germán
Published: April 2022

Incoloy 800H is one of several candidates for a fuel cladding material in super-critical water nuclear reactor concepts. The objective of this work is to determine the effect of the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process on the microstructure and resulting tensile properties of Incoloy 800H tubes. In this work, GTAW was used to join Incoloy 800H. During welding, the weld thermal cycle produces differently featured heat-affected zone and fusion zone (FZ) microstructures. Microstructural examination revealed that weld-characteristic columnar and equiaxed dendritic structures were formed in the FZ. In comparison with the optimum heat input, both increase and decrease of heat input led to the formation of more columnar dendritic structures in the FZ. The chemical element distribution analysis using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed the segregation of Ti in the form of Ti-rich carbides and nitrides; other elements did not display any obvious segregation. Tensile test results revealed that Incoloy 800H alloy welds exhibit an excellent combination of strength and ductility almost equal to the base metal (BM) at the optimum and higher than optimum heat input conditions with full penetration. The welding process has no obvious effect on the microhardness across the whole welding zone. The refinement of grain size and morphology in the FZ can contribute to the improvement in the mechanical properties. As a result, the Incoloy 800H weldment shows the comparable mechanical properties to the BM.
FUEL CYCLE IMPLICATIONS OF DEPLOYING HTGRS IN HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEMS AS RESERVE POWER GENERATION IN ONTARIO
Authors: Wojtaszek Daniel Tadeusz , Golesorkhi Sourena
Published: April 2022

Nuclear power plants could potentially be deployed in a type of nuclear hybrid energy system (NHES) in which their power is used primarily to drive an industrial process but can be diverted to meet demands for electricity when needed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of deploying NHESs as reserve power for the transmission grid in Ontario on the overall Canadian fuel cycle. In this scenario, the fuel cycle demands of 2 high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) concepts are analyzed with respect to costs, resource consumption, and enrichment requirements. One HTGR concept is a 30 MW-thermal (MWth) reactor that is based on the UBattery concept, and the other is the Xe-100, which is a 200 MWth reactor. Calculations indicate that such a deployment of HTGRs would have a substantial effect on the fuel cycle in Canada. In particular, NU and enrichment demands would be greatly affected. Beginning this HTGR deployment in the year 2030 would more than double the annual NU demands in Canada, and deplete the uranium resources with extraction costs of <$80/kgU by the year 2142. The uranium enrichment demands of this fleet would be >35% of the US capacity for uranium enrichment.
SOFT SKILLS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDUSTRY 4.0 ERA USING BUCKLEY’S FUZZY-AHP
Authors: Raton Yulius Christian , Raco Jozef Richard , Krejci James V , Ohoitimur Johanis , Soputan Jeanette E.M. , Tumewu Tryadi Wilhelmus , Korompis Merry Jeanned’arc , Taroreh Frankie J.H , Rachmadi Ronald A. , Ngenget Stevanus
Published: April 2022

Industry 4.0 is characterized by the digitalization of systems and processes in service and manufacturing industries and has changed the way people live. Education plays a significant role in preparing the future workforce with the necessary technological skills and competencies required by industries and institutions. Studies have shown that soft skills improve a student’s ability to learn, increase their potential for success, and typically increase future economic benefits. This study aims to determine the dominant soft skills that University students in Manado should possess. The perceptions of twenty-four lecturers about four criteria and twelve sub-criteria were compared using both the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) methods. From this, the researchers found teamwork to be the dominant skill (26%). Global analysis uncovered that integrity was the dominant factor overall (10.5% with AHP or 10.3% with F-AHP). The findings were provided to University leaders with recommendations to incorporate the elements of teamwork and integrity into their teaching materials, teaching methods, and curriculum. Students need to understand that these elements are essential to their future. This research proved that both the AHP and Fuzzy-AHP methods were effective tools in analyzing and determining the dominant factors of soft skills in the Industry 4.0 era. This research contributes to determining the priority factors related to soft skills needed by higher education graduates in the Industry 4.0 era using a combination of AHP and Fuzzy-AHP. The researchers recommended that other scholars conduct future studies using entrepreneurs or business practitioners as respondents.
Utilização de cactáceas por sertanejos baianos. Tipos conexivos para definir categorias utilitárias
Authors: Andrade Cássia Tatiana da S. , Marques José Geraldo W. , Zappi Daniela C.
Published: April 2022

Dentre as conexões seres humanos/vegetal no Semi-árido, destaca-se a conexão de múltiplo uso com cactáceas, incluindo-as como recursos alimentares, medicinais, ornamentais etc. Não existindo conhecimento abrangente que esteja sinteticamente sistematizado, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar criticamente a literatura disponível, com base em um estudo etnobotânico de campo realizado em cinco municípios do Semi-árido baiano: Valente, Queimadas, Santaluz, São Domingos e Canudos. Foram feitas entrevistas informais e semi-estruturadas com 32 moradores locais. Seus depoimentos foram registrados em fitas magnéticas e transcritos verbatim. A amostra foi definida a partir de encontros ad libitum que permitiram um acréscimo por progressão em bola de neve e a amostragem foi considerada suficiente com base no efeito de uma inclusão progressiva que permitiu aplicar o critério de exaustividade. O material botânico foi herborizado in loco, identificado por especialista e depositado no herbário HUEFS. Foram identificadas taxonomicamente dez espécies, as quais, segundo os informantes, têm utilização local: Cereus jamacaru DC., Harrisia adscendens (Guerke) Britton & Rose, Melocactus salvadorensis Werdermann, Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck, Opuntia dillenii (Ker-Gawler) Haworth, Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller, Opuntia palmadora Britton & Rose, Pilosocereus catingicola (Guerke) Byles & Rowley, Pilosocereus gounellei (Weber) Byles & Rowley, Pilosocereus tuberculatus (Werdermann) Byles & Rowley. A análise das diversas utilizações permitiu enquadrá-las em oito dos tipos conexivos propostos por Marques: lúdico, médico, místico, econômico, estético, doméstico, erótico e trófico. As conexões do tipo médico e trófico são enquadráveis nos subtipos direto e indireto. As categorias de uso que incluíram o maior número de espécies identificadas foram as correspondentes aos tipos conexivos trófico indireto (n= 10) e direto (n= 6) e médico direto (n= 7). Foram detectadas tanto conexões com status de permanência forte (e.g., feitura de cercas vivas - conexão do tipo doméstico; ornamentação - conexão do tipo estético; comercialização - conexão do tipo econômico; “simpatia” - conexão do tipo místico; preparo de remédios – conexão do tipo médico) quanto com status de residuárias fracas (e.g., a conexão do tipo doméstico para feitura de portas, janelas, ripas e caibros). Embora alguns dados obtidos estejam de acordo com o já relatado na literatura, muitos deles são originais, o que abre novas perspectivas para uma avaliação adaptativa das populações rurais do Semi-árido.
Estudo etnoornitológico no distrito rural de Florestina, município de Araguari, região do Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais
Authors: Almeida Shirley M. de , Franchin Alexandre G. , Marçal Júnior Oswaldo
Published: April 2022

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar conhecimentos sobre a avifauna de Cerrado entre moradores do distrito rural de Florestina (Araguari, MG) e registrar critérios de identificação e nomenclatura utilizados por esses indivíduos. A pesquisa foi realizada de janeiro de 2002 a julho de 2003, utilizando-se uma abordagem qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 12 indivíduos da comunidade. Para os indivíduos que apresentaram os melhores níveis de conhecimento foram apresentadas imagens e/ou cantos de 79 espécies de aves. O material visual consistiu de pranchas (12X10 cm) contendo imagens de 66 espécies. O material acústico foi composto por uma compilação de 33 vozes de aves, gravadas em CDs. Também foram realizados testes para avaliar a capacidade dos informantes em associar vozes e imagens, empregando 20 espécies selecionadas da avifauna do cerrado. As respostas foram categorizadas e analisadas. Os entrevistados mostraram uma percepção bastante apurada sobre a biologia das aves da região. A identificação foi feita primariamente por meio de critérios morfológicos (cor, forma e tamanho). Os entrevistados nomearam 87 etnoespécies e os nomes populares foram baseados principalmente em cantos e comportamentos. Os informantes identificaram cerca de 54% das ilustrações e 68% dos cantos. A identificação acústica foi mais ampla e melhor que a visual. O conhecimento mostrado pelo grupo foi muito rico, mas vem se perdendo pela falta de transmissão cultural.
Etnoentomología en el municipio de San Antonio Cuaxomulco, Tlaxcala, México: un estudio de caso sobre los diferentes usos que se le dan a los “insectos”
Authors: Santos-Fita Dídac , Sánchez-Salinas Sinthia , Jiménez Adriana Fuentes , Costa-Neto Eraldo M.
Published: April 2022

La información etnoentomológica registrada en el presente estudio se obtuvo mediante la realización de entrevistas abiertas y semi-estructuradas a los habitantes de San Antonio Cuaxomulco (estado de Tlaxcala) sobre los conocimientos y usos tradicionales que tienen de los “insectos”. Se obtuvo un total de 37 nombres locales para designar a 26 etnoespecies diferentes, de las cuales 19 se consideran dentro de la propia clase linneana Insecta, y pertenecientes a siete órdenes diferentes. El resto de taxones (N=7) también fueron agrupados junto a los demás bajo el mismo rótulo de “insectos” o “animalitos”, aunque en realidad no tengan ninguna relación sistemática con los anteriores. Fueron cuatro las categorías de usos registradas: a) entomofagia; b) entomoterapia; c) creencias; y d) actividades lúdicas. Lamentablemente, estas tradiciones de uso se están perdiendo debido a los cambios socioeconómicos que sufren los habitantes de este municipio, así como la falta de interés y curiosidad de las generaciones jóvenes hacia estos conocimientos.
“O siri labuta muito!” Uma abordagem etnoecológica abrangente da pesca de um cojunto de crustáceos no manguezal de Acupe, Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Souto Francisco José Bezerra , Marques José Geraldo Wanderley
Published: April 2022

Os manguezais são ecossistemas altamente produtivos e por esta razão bastante utilizados por populações humanas que tradicionalmente vivem da mariscagem e da pesca artesanal, como é o caso da que habita o Distrito de Acupe em Santo Amaro-BA, situado na margem oeste da Baía de Todos os Santos (BTS). Entre os vários recursos utilizados, encontra-se um conjunto de crustáceos, localmente categorizados como “siris”. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo abordar a pesca desses crustáceos à luz da etnoecologia abrangente de Marques. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com pescadores especialistas na sua captura, bem como com pescadores especializados em outras artes de pesca, buscando-se conhecer os pensamentos (conhecimentos e crenças) e comportamentos envolvidos na modalidade específica da pesca dos “siris”. Também foi utilizada a técnica da observação direta, acompanhando-se pescadores em suas atividades rotineiras de pesca marítima. Os resultados foram analisados sob uma ótica emicista-eticista, inclusive comparando-se os conhecimentos locais com aqueles disponíveis na literatura científica e correlacionando-se os comportamentos observados com suas possíveis implicações ambientais. Os dados obtidos evidenciaram uma forma de exploração localmente adaptada que, possivelmente, tem conseqüências etnoconservacionistas. Revelaram também que os conhecimentos possuídos pelos pescadores sobre morfologia, taxonomia, fisiologia, ecologia trófica e fenologia dos siris e sobre a dinâmica do manguezal são detalhados e, pelo menos parcialmente, compatíveis com os conhecimentos da comunidade científica.
Robust metallic micropatterns fabricated on quartz glass surfaces by femtosecond laser-induced selective metallization
Authors: Huang Yajun , Xie Xiaozhu , Cui Jiaqi , Zhou Wenqian , Chen Jianqiang , Long Jiangyou
Published: April 2022

Quartz glass has a wide range of application and commercial value due to its high light transmittance and stable chemical and physical properties. However, due to the difference in the characteristics of the material itself, the adhesion between the metal micropattern and the glass material is limited. This is one of the main things that affect the application of glass surface metallization in the industry. In this paper, micropatterns on the surface of quartz glass are fabricated by a femtosecond laser-induced backside dry etching (fs-LIBDE) method to generate the layered composite structure and the simultaneous seed layer in a single-step. This is achieved by using fs-LIBDE technology with metal base materials (Stainless steel, Al, Cu, Zr-based amorphous alloys, and W) with different ablation thresholds, where atomically dispersed high threshold non-precious metals ions are gathered across the microgrooves. On account of the strong anchor effect caused by the layered composite structures and the solid catalytic effect that is down to the seed layer, copper micropatterns with high bonding strength and high quality, can be directly prepared in these areas through a chemical plating process. After 20-min of sonication in water, no peeling is observed under repeated 3M scotch tape tests and the surface was polished with sandpapers. The prepared copper micropatterns are 18 µm wide and have a resistivity of 1.96 µΩ·cm (1.67 µΩ·cm for pure copper). These copper micropatterns with low resistivity has been proven to be used for the glass heating device and the transparent atomizing device, which could be potential options for various microsystems.
Reconfigurable add-drop filter based on an antisymmetric multimode photonic crystal nanobeam cavity in a silicon waveguide
Authors: Dong Penghui , Liu Chaoyue , Zhang Long , Dai Daoxin , Shi Yaocheng
Published: April 2022

We have designed and demonstrated a reconfigurable channel add-drop filter (ADF) based on an antisymmetric multimode photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (AM-PCNC) in a silicon waveguide. The proposed AM-PCNC can realize channel add-drop filtering by selectively filtering and reflecting the fundamental mode (TE0) and 1st-order mode (TE1) in the multimode waveguide. A high-performance add-drop filter has been demonstrated with a high extinction ratio of 28.2 dB and an insertion loss of 0.18 dB. Meanwhile, the reconfigurable add-dropping has been realized by heating the nanobeam cavity to tune the filtering wavelength. A tuning efficiency of 0.464 nm/mW was measured. The rising and falling time are ∼6.5 µs and ∼0.6 µs, respectively, which are at microsecond time scale. The footprint of the involved nanobeam cavity is only 16.5 µm2. The device can potentially provide an integrated component for optical switch array, routers, and wavelength-division multiplexing in the optical networks.
Mapping synchronization properties in a three-element laterally coupled laser array
Authors: Fang Qi , Zhou Pei , Li Nianqiang
Published: April 2022

We numerically study the synchronized chaos (SC) and spatiotemporal chaos (STC) in a three-element laterally-coupled laser array in the case of four waveguiding structures. The coupled rate equations are used to analyze the dynamics of the laser array, where spatiotemporal dynamic maps are generated to identify regions of SC, STC, and non-chaos in the parameter space of interest. First, we show that the key parameters of the laser array, i.e., the laser separation ratio, pump rate, linewidth enhancement factor, and frequency detuning play important roles in the array dynamics and synchronization properties. Then we show that the laser array composed of the purely real index guiding exhibits more obvious boundaries between SC and STC in wider parameter space with respect to these composed of either the positive index guiding with gain-indexing, the pure gain guiding, or the index antiguiding with gain-guiding. Finally, we show that the proposed laser array allows for two scenarios of parallel random bit generation (PRBG) by applying the same post-processing on chaos sources based on SC and STC dynamic states. Hence, our results provide a comprehensive study on the collective dynamics in the three-element laterally-coupled laser array and pave the way for PRBG based on laser arrays.
Coherent Raman comb generation in H2O2aqueous solutions by crossing-pump stimulated Raman scattering
Authors: Ye Yangyang , Wang Ying , Fang Wenhui , Sun Chenglin , Men Zhiwei
Published: April 2022

The cascaded stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of 30% H2O2 aqueous solutions was investigated using a pulsed Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 532 nm. The transfer of excess electrons between H2O2 and H2O molecules enhanced the SRS. Together, the decomposition of H2O2 and the intense SRS Stokes led to the generation of the crossing-pump effect of H2O2 aqueous solutions and the appearance of a new peak at 4229 cm-1 that is excited by Stokes as the pump source. Crossing-pump not only reduced the threshold but also generated the broadband-coherent Raman comb, defined as a coherent radiation wavelength ranging from 434 to 831 nm (i.e., a Raman shift ranging from –4225 to 6756 cm-1). The anti-Stokes SRS was attributed to the four-wave mixing (FWM) process.
Femtosecond laser nanoprinting of anisotropic plasmonic surfaces: coloration and anticounterfeiting
Authors: Yu Xiaohan , Qian Jing , Qi Dongfeng , Wang Guande , Zheng Hongyu , Zhao Quanzhong , Wang Zhanshan
Published: April 2022

An anisotropic plasmonic surface of nanoellipsoid arrays is successfully fabricated on an Au film using slit-shaping-based femtosecond laser nanoprinting. The size and orientation of the nanoellipsoid can be exquisitely and flexibly controlled by adjusting the width and direction of the slit and the laser pulse energy. By dark-field optical micro-spectroscopy, anisotropic plasmonic color rendering as well as resonant light scattering from the lateral and vertical modes are experimentally and theoretically investigated in the visible spectral range. In addition, prospective use in the fields of steganographic encryption and multidimensional optical multiplexing is also proposed.
Inferring ongoing cancer evolution from single tumour biopsies using synthetic supervised learning
Authors: Ouellette Tom W. , Awadalla Philip
Published: April 2022

Variant allele frequencies (VAF) encode ongoing evolution and subclonal selection in growing tumours. However, existing methods that utilize VAF information for cancer evolutionary inference are compressive, slow, or incorrectly specify the underlying cancer evolutionary dynamics. Here, we provide a proof-of-principle synthetic supervised learning method, TumE, that integrates simulated models of cancer evolution with Bayesian neural networks, to infer ongoing selection in bulk-sequenced single tumour biopsies. Analyses in synthetic and patient tumours show that TumE significantly improves both accuracy and inference time per sample when detecting positive selection, deconvoluting selected subclonal populations, and estimating subclone frequency. Importantly, we show how transfer learning can leverage stored knowledge within TumE models for related evolutionary inference tasks—substantially reducing data and computational time for further model development and providing a library of recyclable deep learning models for the cancer evolution community. This extensible framework provides a foundation and future directions for harnessing progressive computational methods for the benefit of cancer genomics and, in turn, the cancer patient.
ENPP1 variants in patients with GACI and PXE expand the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of heritable disorders of ectopic calcification
Authors: Ralph Douglas , Nitschke Yvonne , Levine Michael A. , Caffet Matthew , Wurst Tamara , Saeidian Amir Hossein , Youssefian Leila , Vahidnezhad Hassan , Terry Sharon F. , Rutsch Frank , Uitto Jouni , Li Qiaoli
Published: April 2022

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) and generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) are clinically distinct genetic entities of ectopic calcification associated with differentially reduced circulating levels of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent endogenous inhibitor of calcification. Variants in ENPP1, the gene mutated in GACI, have not been associated with classic PXE. Here we report the clinical, laboratory, and molecular evaluations of ten GACI and two PXE patients from five and two unrelated families registered in GACI Global and PXE International databases, respectively. All patients were found to carry biallelic variants in ENPP1. Among ten ENPP1 variants, one homozygous variant demonstrated uniparental disomy inheritance. Functional assessment of five previously unreported ENPP1 variants suggested pathogenicity. The two PXE patients, currently 57 and 27 years of age, had diagnostic features of PXE and had not manifested the GACI phenotype. The similarly reduced PPi plasma concentrations in the PXE and GACI patients in our study correlate poorly with their disease severity. This study demonstrates that in addition to GACI, ENPP1 variants can cause classic PXE, expanding the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of heritable ectopic calcification disorders. Furthermore, the results challenge the current prevailing concept that plasma PPi is the only factor governing the severity of ectopic calcification.
Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and associated clinical symptoms among schoolchildren living in different altitudes of Amhara National Regional State, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Jember Tadesse Hailu , Amor Arancha , Nibret Endalkachew , Munshea Abaineh , Flores-Chavez Maria , Ta-Tang Thuy-Huong , Saugar Jose M , Benito Agustín , Anegagrie Melaku
Published: April 2022

Background

Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasite that causes strongyloidiasis in humans. It is prevalent in the tropics and sub-tropics where poor sanitation is a common problem. The true prevalence of S. stercoralis in Ethiopia is underestimated due to the lack of a “Gold” standard diagnostic method. Moreover, its prevalence across altitudinal gradient in Amhara Region has not been studied.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 844 schoolchildren in Amhara Region from April to December 2019. A stool sample was collected from each study participant and processed using formol ether concentration technique (FECT), spontaneous tube sedimentation technique (STST), Baermann concentration technique (BCT), agar plate culture (APC) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data were entered using EpiData and analyzed by SPSS version 23 statistical software. Prevalence of S. stercoralis infection was determined using a single diagnostic technique and combination of techniques. Association of clinical variables with S. stercoralis infection was assessed by logistic regression and independent variables with p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and S. mansoni infections was 38.0% and 20.4%, respectively. Among STHs, the prevalence of hookworm infection was 32.8%. Prevalence of S. stercoralis infection was 39.0%, 28.8%, 10.9%, 10.3%, 4.0% and 2.0% by the respective, combinations of the five methods, RT-PCR, APC, BCT, STST and FECT. The highest prevalence rates, 48.2%, 45.0% and 41.1% of S. stercoralis were recorded in the age group of 12–14 years, males and rural dwellers, respectively. Prevalence rates of S. stercoralis infection in highland, semi-highland and lowland areas were 40.4%, 41.8% and 25.9%, respectively. Having abdominal pain (AOR = 2.48; 95% CI:1.65–3.72), cough (AOR = 1.63;95%CI:1.09–2.42), urticaria (AOR = 2.49;95%CI:1.50–4.01) and being malnourished (AOR = 1.44;95%:1.10–2.01) were significantly associated with strongyloidiasis.

Conclusion

Prevalence of S. stercoralis infection was high and varied across different altitudes in Amhara Region. Some clinical syndromes were found to be significantly associated with S. stercoralis infection. Therefore, proper diagnosis and preventive strategies against S. stercoralis infection are highly recommended to be devised and implemented in Amhara Region.
Comparative transcriptome profiling of high and low oil yielding Santalum album L
Authors: Fatima Tanzeem , Krishnan Rangachari , Srivastava Ashutosh , Hanur Vageeshbabu S. , Rao M. Srinivasa
Published: April 2022

East Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is highly valued for its heartwood and its oil. There have been no efforts to comparative study of high and low oil yielding genetically identical sandalwood trees grown in similar climatic condition. Thus we intend to study a genome wide transcriptome analysis to identify the corresponding genes involved in high oil biosynthesis in S. album. In this study, 15 years old S. album (SaSHc and SaSLc) genotypes were targeted for analysis to understand the contribution of genetic background on high oil biosynthesis in S. album. A total of 28,959187 and 25,598869 raw PE reads were generated by the Illumina sequencing. 2.12 million and 1.811 million coding sequences were obtained in respective accessions. Based on the GO terms, functional classification of the CDS 21262, & 18113 were assigned into 26 functional groups of three GO categories; (4,168; 3,641) for biological process (5,758;4,971) cellular component and (5,108;4,441) for molecular functions. Total 41,900 and 36,571 genes were functionally annotated and KEGG pathways of the DEGs resulted 213 metabolic pathways. In this, 14 pathways were involved in secondary metabolites biosynthesis pathway in S. album. Among 237 cytochrome families, nine groups of cytochromes were participated in high oil biosynthesis. 16,665 differentially expressed genes were commonly detected in both the accessions (SaHc and SaSLc). The results showed that 784 genes were upregulated and 339 genes were downregulated in SaHc whilst 635 upregulated 299 downregulated in SaSLc S. album. RNA-Seq results were further validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Maximum Blast hits were found to be against Vitis vinifera. From this study, we have identified additional number of cytochrome family in high oil yielding sandalwood accessions (SaHc). The accessibility of a RNA-Seq for high oil yielding sandalwood accessions will have broader associations for the conservation and selection of superior elite samples/populations for further genetic improvement program.
A computationally efficient clustering linear combination approach to jointly analyze multiple phenotypes for GWAS
Authors: Wang Meida , Zhang Shuanglin , Sha Qiuying
Published: April 2022

There has been an increasing interest in joint analysis of multiple phenotypes in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) because jointly analyzing multiple phenotypes may increase statistical power to detect genetic variants associated with complex diseases or traits. Recently, many statistical methods have been developed for joint analysis of multiple phenotypes in genetic association studies, including the Clustering Linear Combination (CLC) method. The CLC method works particularly well with phenotypes that have natural groupings, but due to the unknown number of clusters for a given data, the final test statistic of CLC method is the minimum p-value among all p-values of the CLC test statistics obtained from each possible number of clusters. Therefore, a simulation procedure needs to be used to evaluate the p-value of the final test statistic. This makes the CLC method computationally demanding. We develop a new method called computationally efficient CLC (ceCLC) to test the association between multiple phenotypes and a genetic variant. Instead of using the minimum p-value as the test statistic in the CLC method, ceCLC uses the Cauchy combination test to combine all p-values of the CLC test statistics obtained from each possible number of clusters. The test statistic of ceCLC approximately follows a standard Cauchy distribution, so the p-value can be obtained from the cumulative density function without the need for the simulation procedure. Through extensive simulation studies and application on the COPDGene data, the results demonstrate that the type I error rates of ceCLC are effectively controlled in different simulation settings and ceCLC either outperforms all other methods or has statistical power that is very close to the most powerful method with which it has been compared.