bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Usos políticos e historiográficos del concepto de Reconquista
Authors: Ríos Saloma Martín F.
Published: April 2015

En este trabajo se ofrece una panorámica sobre la forma en que el concepto de Reconquista fue utilizado con diversos objetivos ideológicos y políticos entre finales del siglo XV y principios del siglo XX. El recorrido inicia con el reinado de los Reyes Católicos para centrarse, posteriormente, en la doble utilización del discurso reconquistador a lo largo de los siglos XVI y XVII como arma de propaganda política en contra de los enemigos de la monarquía hispana y como vehículo privilegiado en la conformación de una identidad colectiva para todos los súbditos del rey católico, amén de su utilización para legitimar a la dinastía borbónica. Así mismo, se analizan los múltiples usos que los diferentes grupos políticos hicieron del discurso reconquistador a lo largo del siglo XIX constatándose su utilización en el impulso a la resistencia contra los invasores napoleónicos, en la construcción de un discurso nacional, en la legitimación del proyecto restauracionista de Antonio Cánovas y en la conformación del proyecto histórico-político catalán del último tercio de la centuria. Ello permite constatar que, ya en el siglo XX, los golpistas del año 1936 recuperaron los discursos y las imágenes empleados en el siglo XIX para presentar su movimiento como una auténtica «reconquista» que buscaba recuperar las esencia nacionales; con ello, la «Reconquista» dejó de ser únicamente una categoría historiográfica y se transformó en una categoría política.
Fitoterapia en embarazo y lactancia: ¿beneficio o riesgo? Revisión de literatura
Authors: Macarro Ruiz Dolores , Miguelez Llamazares Lorena , Martínez Martín Eduardo , Martínez Galán Paloma , Manrique Tejedor Javier
Published: April 2015

INTRODUCCIÓN: Durante el embarazo el organismo de la mujer sufre cambios temporales con aparición de estructuras orgánicas nuevas como la placenta. Cualquier sustancia, natural o sintética, que pueda producir una alteración de los procesos fisiológicos propios de esta etapa están contraindicados. OBJETIVO: Dar a conocer los productos de origen vegetal utilizados habitualmente en el embarazo y la lactancia y evaluar su eficacia y seguridad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Revisión integradora de la literatura en las bases de datos Cochrane Library, Cinahl, Medline, Cuiden, Cuidatge, Bireme, Enfispo y buscadores de la red. Tras la lectura de los artículos, se realizó una valoración crítica, síntesis e interpretación para llegar a conclusiones de todos los estudios seleccionados. RESULTADOS: El uso de plantas medicinales en el embarazo es habitual, encontrándose el jengibre y la equinácea entre las más utilizadas. En cuanto a la etapa del embarazo de mayor consumo, se identifica el primer trimestre. El mayor porcentaje de las gestantes utiliza las plantas sin indicación médica. En cuanto a la eficacia: la equinácea es eficaz para el resfriado común e infecciones vaginales, el arándano rojo para la infección urinaria, la raíz de jengibre y la ipecacuana tienen acción antiemética, la hierba de San Juan es eficaz en la depresión postparto, la valeriana para combatir el nerviosismo y el aceite de onagra para inducir el parto. El nivel de seguridad varía según la planta por lo que se recomienda un control por parte del profesional sanitario. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES: De forma general las mujeres no están educadas en cuanto a la influencia que ejerce el estilo de vida en las primeras células embrionarias. El uso de productos fitoterápicos puede ser eficaz para ayudar a solucionar muchos de los problemas del embarazo pero es necesario ver la relación riesgo-efectividad. Por eso, antes, durante y después del embarazo o lactancia materna las mujeres que desean tomar preparados herbarios, deben consultar con su matrona u otro profesional sanitario bien informado al respecto, porque muchos de los efectos de las plantas sobre los fetos y la leche materna son desconocidos.
Deposition of Chitosan Layers on NiTi Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Kowalski P. , Łosiewicz B. , Goryczka T.
Published: April 2015

The NiTi shape memory alloys have been known from their application in medicine for implants as well as parts of medical devices. However, nickel belongs to the family of elements, which are toxic. Apart from the fact that nickel ions are bonded with titanium into intermetallic phase, their presence may cause allergy. In order to protect human body against release of nickel ions a surface of NiTi alloy can be modified with use of titanium nitrides, oxides or diamond-like layers. On the one hand the layers can play protective role but on the other hand they may influence shape memory behavior. Too stiff or too brittle layer can lead to limiting or completely blocking of the shape recovery. It was the reason to find more elastic covers for NiTi surface protection. This feature is characteristic for polymers, especially, biocompatible ones, which originate in nature. In the reported paper, the chitosan was applied as a deposited layer on surface of the NiTi shape memory alloy. Due to the fact that nature of shape memory effect is sensitive to thermo and/or mechanical treatments, the chitosan layer was deposited with use of electrophoresis carried out at room temperature. Various deposition parameters were checked and optimized. In result of that thin chitosan layer (0.45µm) was received on the NiTi alloy surface. The obtained layers were characterized by means of chemical and phase composition, as well as surface quality. It was found that smooth, elastic surface without cracks and/or inclusions can be produced applying 10V and relatively short deposition time - 30 seconds.
Applying a Numerical Model of the Continuous Steel Casting Process to Control the Length of the Liquid Core in the Strand
Authors: Miłkowska-Piszczek K. , Falkus J.
Published: April 2015

This paper presents development and the application of a numerical model of the continuous steel casting process to optimise the strand solidification area. The design of the numerical model of the steel continuous casting process was presented and which was developed based on the actual dimensions of the slab continuous casting machine in ArcelorMittal Poland Unit in Kraków. The S235 steel grade and the cast strand format of 220×1280 mm were selected for the tests. Three strand casting speeds were analysed: 0.6, 0.8 and 1 m min-1. An algorithm was presented, allowing the calculation of the heat transfer coefficient values for the secondary cooling zone. In order to verify the results of numerical simulations, additional temperature measurements of the strand surface within the secondary cooling chamber were made. The ProCAST software was used to construct the numerical model of continuous casting of steel.
Comprehensive Assessment of Polymeric Materials for Foundry Tooling Used in Microwave Field
Authors: Stachowicz M. , Opyd B. , Granat K.
Published: April 2015

The paper presents a research on abrasion resistance of selected construction materials designed for foundry tooling applied in the innovative microwave heating process of moulding and core sands. One of the main selection criteria of the materials for foundry tooling, in particular for models, moulding boards, moulding boxes and core boxes, is their good abrasive wear resistance. Usability of the selected polymeric materials, designed for foundry tooling used in electromagnetic field, is decided also by other evaluation criteria determined in the examinations, like thermal resistance and electrical properties. Abrasion resistance of the selected materials was determined for three grades of the moulding sand matrixes. Combined analysis of the determined abrasion resistance, considering also electrical properties and thermal resistance of the foundry tooling materials, characterising their usability for microwave heating of moulding and core sands, will make possible their systemising with respect to effectiveness and efficiency of the heating process, taking under consideration durability of such foundry tooling to be used in industrial conditions.
Forming of Hollow Shaft Forging From Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V by Means of Rotary Compression
Authors: Tomczak J. , Pater Z. , Bulzak T.
Published: April 2015

This paper presents chosen results of theoretical-experimental works concerning forming of hollow shafts forgings from titanium alloys, which are applied in aviation industry. At the first stage of conducted analysis, the forging forming process was modeled by means of finite element method. Calculations were made using software Simufact Forming. On the basis of performed simulations optimal parameters of rotary compression process were determined. Next, experimental tests of forging forming in laboratory conditions were made. For the research needs, a forging aggregate, designed by the Authors, was used. Conducted research works confirmed the possibility of metal forming (by means of rotary compression) of hollow shafts from hard workable titanium alloys. Numerous advantages of rotary compression process, make it attractive both for low series production (aircraft industry) and for mass production (automotive industry).
The Phase Transformations in Hypoeutectoid Steels Mn-Cr-Ni
Authors: RoŻniata E. , Dziurka R.
Published: April 2015

The results of a microstructure and hardness investigations of the hypoeutectoid steels Mn-Cr-Ni, imitating by its chemical composition toughening steels, are presented in the paper. The analysis of the kinetics of phase transformations of undercooled austenite of steels containing different amounts of alloying elements in their chemical composition, constitutes the aim of investigations.

Metallographic examinations were carried out on a Axiovert 200 MAT light microscope. Sections were etched with a 3% HNO3 solution in C2H5OH.

Dilatometric tests were performed using L78 R.I.T.A dilatometer. Using dilatometer the changes of elongation (Δl) of the samples with dimensions Ø 3×10 mm as a function of temperature (T) were registered. Obtained heating curves were used to precisely determine the critical temperatures (critical points) for the tested steels, while the differentiation of obtained cooling curves allowed to precisely define the temperatures of the beginning and the end of particular transition to draw CCT diagrams.

Four CCT diagrams worked out for the tested hypoeutectoid steels (for quenching of steel) are - in the majority of steels - separated by the undercooled austenitic range and are of the letter „C” shape. However, for steels with Mn and Ni the separation of diffusive transformations from the bainitic transformation by the stable austenitic range is not observed. Hardenability of four investigated hypoeutectoid steels is similar, but still not high. To obtain martensite in the microstructure of these steels, it is necessary to apply the cooling rate higher than 25°C/s. The exception constitutes the Mn - Ni steel, in which only cooling with the rate higher than 50°C/s allows to achieve the martensitic microstructure and to avoid diffusive transformations (pearlitic and ferritic).
Approaches to Acoustic and Visual Underwater Sensing
Authors: Woock Philipp , Stephan Thomas , Beyerer Jürgen
Published: April 2015

This paper presents an overview of the challenges encountered in underwater sensing. Two state-of-the-art approaches are presented
dealing with optic and acoustic sensor data processing. Employing suitable methods for the different modalities enables fusion of the
information contained in the optic radiative transfer and acoustic reflectivity.
Towards Underwater Inspection Using AUVs
Authors: Kalwa Jörg
Published: April 2015

AUVs – Autonomous Underwater Vehicles have reached a state of maturity that allows bringing them into applications beyond
research. Still being a new “toy” in the toolbox for offshore work the market is somewhat reluctant to employ these robots due to
missing field prove. This paper gives an overview about the state of the art of applications and technology and finalizes in a recent
example, dmonstrating autonomy and robustness.
On the symplectic eightfold associated to a Pfaffian cubic fourfold
Authors: Addington Nicolas , Lehn Manfred
Published: April 2015

We show that the irreducible holomorphic symplectic eightfold Z associated to a cubic fourfold Y not containing a plane is deformation-equivalent to the Hilbert scheme of four points on a K3 surface. We do this by constructing for a generic Pfaffian cubic Y a birational map

Z
→

Hilb
4

⁡

(
X
)

Z\to\operatorname{Hilb}^{4}(X)

, where X is the K3 surface associated to Y by Beauville and Donagi. We interpret Z as a moduli space of complexes on X and observe that at some point of Z, hence on a Zariski open subset, the complex is just the ideal sheaf of four points. This note is an appendix to
http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2014-0144.
Regularity and Bernstein-type results for nonlocal minimal surfaces
Authors: Figalli Alessio , Valdinoci Enrico
Published: April 2015

We prove that, in every dimension, Lipschitz nonlocal minimal surfaces are smooth.
Also, we extend to the nonlocal setting a famous theorem of De Giorgi [6] stating that the validity of Bernstein’s theorem in dimension

n
+
1

{n+1}

is a consequence of the nonexistence of n-dimensional singular minimal cones in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

.
A Triple-Band Monopole Planar Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX Applications
Authors: Yang Xiaolin , Liu Xuelin , Song Chunyang
Published: April 2015

In this letter, a compact monopole planar antenna with inverted F- and L-shaped strips is presented for WLAN and WiMAX applications. By adjusting the geometries and the sizes of the strips, the proposed antenna can achieve triple-band performance covering three separated impedance bandwidths of 300 MHz (2.2–2.5 GHz), 400 MHz (3.3–3.8 GHz), and 800 MHz (5.1–5.9 GHz), which are well applied for both 2.4/5.2/5.8-GHz WLAN bands and 3.5/5.5-GHz WiMAX bands. The overall dimension of the proposed antenna can reach 20 × 25.5 mm2. Measured S11 and radiation patterns show good agreement with the simulated ones.
Solution composition and particle size effects on the dissolution and
solubility of a ThO2 microstructural analogue for UO2
matrix of nuclear fuel
Authors: Myllykylä Emmi , Lavonen Tiina , Stennett Martin , Corkhill Claire , Ollila Kaija , Hyatt Neil
Published: April 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the dissolution rate of ThO2 which was synthesised to approximate, as closely
as possible, the microstructure of UO2 in a nuclear fuel matrix. The optimal sintering temperature for ThO2 pellets
was found to be 1750 ℃, which produced pellets with a microstructure similar to UO2 nuclear fuel pellets,
with randomly oriented grains ranging in size from 10 to 30 μm. Dissolution was conducted using ThO2
particles of different size fractions (80 to 160 μm and 2 to 4 mm) in the presence and absence of
carbonate, in solutions with pH from 2 to 8 and at 80 ℃. Dissolution rates were calculated from Th released from the
solid phase to solution. Particles of ThO2 were also leached with 1 M HNO3 at 80 ℃ in
order to investigate the morphological changes at the particle surfaces. The concentration of Th was found to be
≥ 10
–9 mol/L at pH ≤ 4, lower than the theoretical solubility of crystalline ThO2. At higher pH values, from
4 to 8, the measured concentrations (10−10 to 10
–12 mol/L) were between the theoretical solubility of ThO2 and
Th(OH)4. Grain boundaries were shown to exert an influence on the dissolution of ThO2 particles. Using high
resolution aqueous solution analysis, these data presented here extend the current understanding of Th solubility in solution.
Las categorías de sindéresis y prudencia en el pensamiento de Bartolomé de Las Casas
Authors: Krupecka Iwona
Published: April 2015

Bartolomé de Las Casas es uno de los más reconocidos patridiarios de la idea del diálogo intercultural. En esta ponencia intento analizar cómo Las Casas pudo introducir en su pensamiento tanto el nivel de lo universal – y de ese modo hizo posible el mismo diálogo – como el de lo particular en su dimensión del contexto cultural irreductible. Para lograr esta visión compleja del diálogo Las Casas evocó varios conceptos pertenecientes ala tradición escolástica: la sindéresis, ley natural oprudencia, pero redefiniendo el etapa entre el momento del reconocimiento intuitivo de los principios y el del jucio de la conciencia de la manera que deje de constituir una esfera de la ciencia y, por lo tanto, de la dialéctica y verdad. Al contrario, Las Casas lo muestra como un etapa de la prudencia, es decir, de las creencias probables, relativizadas al contexto social y cultural y por eso relacionado con retórica y razones pragmáticas.
(Nie)aktualność koncepcji człowieka José Ortegi y Gasseta
Authors: Mordka Cezary
Published: April 2015

ABSTRAKT

Autor koncentruje się na ogólnym przedstawieniu poglądów antropologicznych Ortegi y Gasseta, skupiając się przede wszystkim na ich możliwej aktualności. Człowiek, według Ortegi, to byt świadomy, odnoszący się określająco do otoczenia. Transcenduje on swoje biologiczne uposażenie dzięki możliwości chwilowego wykroczenia poza swą aktualną sytuacyjność. Dzięki tej zdolności (wykraczania) nie dąży tylko do realizacji biologicznych imperatywów, lecz realizuje życie jako wymyślony przez siebie projekt − dobrobyt. Takie ujęcie człowieka autor artykułu uznaje za niezwykle aktualne dla współczesnego myślenia na temat kondycji ludzkiej. Ortega rozumie człowieka jako pewną żyjącą monadę, w której można wyróżnić ciało, żywotność, duszę, ducha i „ja”. Kategorie „żywotności” czy „duszy” należą do słownika dzisiaj już nieużywanego, choć można je zidentyfikować z byciem żywym czy psychiką. Najwięcej kłopotów rodzi pojęcie „ja”, które zgodnie z konsekwencją poglądów Ortegi albo jest niezrozumiałe (niewyrażalne), albo nie jest „ja”. Problematyczne ze względu na uzasadnienie ich przyjęcia są też w antropologii Ortegi kategorie „przeznaczenia” czy „powołania”, a wraz z przyjętą przez hiszpańskiego filozofa „przypadkowością” bytu ludzkiego, ujawniają fundamentalną sprzeczność w jego antropologii.
“An Authentic Record of My Race”: Exploring the Popular Narratives of African American Religion in the Music of Duke Ellington
Authors: Booker Vaughn
Published: April 2015

Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington (1899–1974) emerged within the jazz profession as a prominent exponent of Harlem Renaissance racial uplift ideals about incorporating African American culture into artistic production. Formed in the early twentieth century's middle-class black Protestant culture but not a churchgoer in adulthood, Ellington conveyed a nostalgic appreciation of African American Christianity whenever hewrote music to chronicle African American history. This prominent jazz musician's religious nostalgia resulted in compositions that conveyed to a broader American audience a portrait of African American religiosity that was constantly “classical” and static—not quite primitive, but never appreciated as a modern aspect of black culture.

This article examines several Ellington compositions from the late 1920s through the 1960s that exemplify his deployment of popular representations of African American religious belief and practice. Through the short filmBlack and Tanin the 1920s, the satirical popular song “Is That Religion?” in the 1930s, the long-form symphonic movementBlack, Brown and Beigein the 1940s, the lyricism of “Come Sunday” in the 1950s, and the dramatic prose of “My People” in the 1960s, Ellington attempted to capture a portrait of black religious practice without recognition of contemporaneous developments in black Protestant Christianity in the twentieth century's middle decades. Although existing Ellington scholarship has covered his “Sacred Concerts” in the 1960s and 1970s, this article engages themes and representations in Ellington's work prefiguring the religious jazz that became popular with white liberal Protestants in America and Europe. This discussion of religious narratives in Ellington's compositions affords an opportunity to reflect upon the (un)intended consequences of progressive, sympathetic cultural production, particularly on the part of prominent African American historical figures in their time. Moreover, this article attempts to locate the jazz profession as a critical site for the examination of racial and religious representation in African American religious history.
Evaluation of academic library collection using a check-list method
Authors: Petr Balog Kornelija , Bugarski Marija
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the quality of the ILS library collection of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (FHSS) in Osijek, Croatia and its congruence with the curriculum.The quality of the collection is measured using the check-list method. The required and optional reading lists of the Department of Information Sciences at the FHSS (academic year 2011/2012) are used as standard lists that the library holdings are compared to.The results found that the library does not have 30.8 per cent of the titles on the reading lists. The remaining 33.9 per cent of the titles are accessible in the library, 28.5 per cent are free electronic resources, and 6.8 per cent of titles are accessible for students through the Department’s Moodle, Learning Management System.The study provides data about the titles available and not available in the FHSS library. However, it does not differentiate between the titles on the required and optional reading lists.This study provides the FHSS librarians with the list of titles that should be obtained in the near future.In Croatia, very few papers on collection assessment have been published so far, and this is the first study about the quality of a library collection at the University of Osijek. The paper attempts to fill that gap and contribute to a deeper understanding of the quality of library collections in the Croatian academic setting.
Analysis of Croatian archives' web page from the perspective of public programmes
Authors: Pavelin Goran
Published: April 2015

In order to remain relevant in society, archivists should promote collections and records that are kept in the archives. Through public programmes, archives interact with customers and various public actors and create the institutional image. This paper is concerned with the role of public programmes in the process of modernization of the archival practice, with the emphasis on the Croatian state archives. The aim of the paper is to identify what kind of information is offered to users and public in general on the web sites of the Croatian state archives.Public programmes involve two important components of archival practice: archives and users. Therefore, public programmes ensure good relations with the public. Croatian archivists still question the need for public relations in archives, while American and European archives have already integrated public relations into the basic archival functions. The key components needed for successful planning and implementation of public programs are the source of financing, compliance with the annual work plan, clear goals, defined target audience, cooperation and support from the local community, and the evaluation of results.
Visual communication on the covers of the journals Vijenac, Kolo and Zarez (1999 – 2011)
Authors: Selthofer Josipa
Published: April 2015

The aim of the paper is to analyse and compare graphic elements of visual communication on selected journal covers. The research was conducted using the covers of the journals Zarez, Vijenac and Kolo published from 1999 to 2011. The journal sample was selected based on the availability of periodicals, their topic and their cultural and social relevance.The research showed that visual communication on journal covers varies depending on the identity of the journal. Images are the key element in creating the message on the cover, they determine the way a journal communicates, giving it style, tone, and depth. Although thematically very similar, the journals we compared speak a different visual language. The main characteristic of Zarez is the daring and ironic visual communication that criticizes social events. In Vijenac, and in Kolo in particular, a more passive method of communication is used, which merely reflects the society and culture in which it is situated and about which it testifies. Focused on comments about general social and cultural events, without any real involvement, Kolo lacks the key element of visual communication that intrigues and directs readers' attention to the journal.
Histone methyltransferase Smyd3 regulates early embryonic lineage commitment in mice
Authors: Suzuki Shinnosuke , Nozawa Yusuke , Tsukamoto Satoshi , Kaneko Takehito , Imai Hiroshi , Minami Naojiro
Published: April 2015

SET and MYND domain-containing protein 3 (Smyd3) is a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) di- and tri-methyltransferase that forms a transcriptional complex with RNA polymerase II and activates the transcription of oncogenes and cell cycle genes in human cancer cells. However, the study ofSmyd3in mammalian early embryonic development has not yet been addressed. In the present study, we investigated the expression pattern ofSmyd3in mouse preimplantation embryos and the effects of RNA interference (RNAi)-mediatedSmyd3repression on the development of mouse embryos. We showed thatSmyd3mRNA levels increased after the two-cell stage, peaked at the four-cell stage, and gradually decreased thereafter. Moreover, in two-cell to eight-cell embryos, SMYD3 staining was more intense in the nuclei than it was in the cytoplasm. InSmyd3-knockdown embryos, the percentage of inner cell mass (ICM)-derived colony formation and trophectoderm (TE)-derived cell attachment were significantly decreased, which resulted in a reduction in the number of viable offspring. Furthermore, the expression ofOct4andCdx2during mid-preimplantation gene activation was significantly decreased inSmyd3-knockdown embryos. In addition, the transcription levels of ICM and epiblast markers, such asOct4,Nanog, andSox2, the transcription levels of primitive endoderm markers, such asGata6, and the transcription levels of TE markers, such asCdx2andEomes, were significantly decreased inSmyd3-knockdown blastocysts. These findings indicate that SMYD3 plays an important role in early embryonic lineage commitment and peri-implantation development through the activation of lineage-specific genes.
Epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome in the former communist countries from Eastern Europe: a systematic review
Authors: Rusu Flaviu , Dumitrascu Dan L.
Published: April 2015

Background and aim. The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder frequently encountered in clinical practice in Eastern Europe. Epidemiological data are diverging on this condition. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of IBS in the former communist countries from Eastern Europe (EE). Methods. We performed a systematic review study using data from PubMed. Many languages, some having only local spreading, are spoken in EE, so we decided to look only for papers indexed in PubMed, which have at least an English summary or title. We searched PubMed using the following keywords: irritable bowel syndrome, functional digestive disorders, prevalence, EE. Only relevant studies were selected for analysis. Results. From more than 4000 papers retrieved by this search, we identified a few papers appropriate to this survey. The spectrum of prevalence values is wide in IBS. Prevalence of IBS varies in different studies from 28% in a Croatian study, to 14% in Romania. Most studies report a higher prevalence in females. Stressful events are linked to the impairment of symptoms. Anxiety and depression are common in IBS patients, showing similar expression of functional symptoms. Quality of life is impaired. The role of abuse (physical, sexual) is not commonly investigated and when it was, the importance of this factor was revealed to be much less important than in Western Europe or North America. General practitioners seem to be well trained to recognize IBS, to make correct interpretations of the disease and to use the correct therapy. It seems that the Rome criteria are known and applied by general practitioners. Several epidemiological studies on IBS exist in most EE countries. Usually they look for self-reporting symptoms, or reports from endoscopy units. Psychosomatic approach of IBS was taken into consideration in several countries (Poland, Hungary, Romania), mainly by psychologists and psychotherapists rather than by gastroenterologists. Conclusions. There are few epidemiological studies on the epidemiology of IBS in EE. The majority of studies used Rome criteria. Several studies used small groups of patients. Some of the smaller studies have methodological flaws. The effect of stress and psychological factors are often investigated and analyzed with different methods of different accuracy. Some doctors used knowledge gained in EE in order to disseminate or to investigate further in more economically developed countries with a higher level of health.
Intra-abdominal hypertension in the ICU – a prospective epidemiological study
Authors: Arabadzhiev Georgi M. , Tzaneva Valentina G. , Peeva Katya G.
Published: April 2015

The aim of this prospective study is to examine the frequency and the severity of intra-abdominal hypertension in a mixed ICU of the University hospital.Methods: A closed system for intravesical intermittent measurement of IAP was constructed.Results: The frequency and the severity of IAH were examined in the period from June 2009 to December 2012 in 240 ICU patients divided into 3 groups (patients submitted to elective surgery, emergency surgery, and medical patients) in the University Hospital. In the elective surgery group there was 12.5% IAH, while in the emergency group IAH was 43.75%, and in the medical patients it was 42.5%. There was no statistical significant difference in the frequency of IAH among the mixed population of patients we examined and those studied by other authors with the same type of population.Conclusions. The standardized measurement of intra-abdominal pressure is fundamental for defining intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome. The measurement of intra-abdominal pressure should be a part of the basic monitoring of patients at risk of intra-abdominal hypertension. Our point of view is that before there are indications for a surgical decompression, less invasive treatment options should be optimized.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery in Infancy
Authors: Gaynor J. William , Stopp Christian , Wypij David , Andropoulos Dean B. , Atallah Joseph , Atz Andrew M. , Beca John , Donofrio Mary T. , Duncan Kim , Ghanayem Nancy S. , Goldberg Caren S. , Hövels-Gürich Hedwig , Ichida Fukiko , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Justo Robert , Latal Beatrice , Li Jennifer S. , Mahle William T. , McQuillen Patrick S. , Menon Shaji C. , Pemberton Victoria L. , Pike Nancy A. , Pizarro Christian , Shekerdemian Lara S. , Synnes Anne , Williams Ismee , Bellinger David C. , Newburger Jane W. ,   for the International Cardiac Collaborative on Neurodevelopment (ICCON) Investigators
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND:

Neurodevelopmental disability is the most common complication for survivors of surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD).

METHODS:

We analyzed individual participant data from studies of children evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second edition, after cardiac surgery between 1996 and 2009. The primary outcome was Psychomotor Development Index (PDI), and the secondary outcome was Mental Development Index (MDI).

RESULTS:

Among 1770 subjects from 22 institutions, assessed at age 14.5 ± 3.7 months, PDIs and MDIs (77.6 ± 18.8 and 88.2 ± 16.7, respectively) were lower than normative means (each P < .001). Later calendar year of birth was associated with an increased proportion of high-risk infants (complexity of CHD and prevalence of genetic/extracardiac anomalies). After adjustment for center and type of CHD, later year of birth was not significantly associated with better PDI or MDI. Risk factors for lower PDI were lower birth weight, white race, and presence of a genetic/extracardiac anomaly (all P ≤ .01). After adjustment for these factors, PDIs improved over time (0.39 points/year, 95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.78; P = .045). Risk factors for lower MDI were lower birth weight, male gender, less maternal education, and presence of a genetic/extracardiac anomaly (all P < .001). After adjustment for these factors, MDIs improved over time (0.38 points/year, 95% confidence interval 0.05 to 0.71; P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS:

Early neurodevelopmental outcomes for survivors of cardiac surgery in infancy have improved modestly over time, but only after adjustment for innate patient risk factors. As more high-risk CHD infants undergo cardiac surgery and survive, a growing population will require significant societal resources.
First Use of a Serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccine in the US in Response to a University Outbreak
Authors: McNamara Lucy A. , Shumate Alice M. , Johnsen Peter , MacNeil Jessica R. , Patel Manisha , Bhavsar Tina , Cohn Amanda C. , Dinitz-Sklar Jill , Duffy Jonathan , Finnie Janet , Garon Denise , Hary Robert , Hu Fang , Kamiya Hajime , Kim Hye-Joo , Kolligian John , Neglia Janet , Oakley Judith , Wagner Jacqueline , Wagner Kathy , Wang Xin , Yu Yon , Montana Barbara , Tan Christina , Izzo Robin , Clark Thomas A.
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND:

In 2013–2014, an outbreak of serogroup B meningococcal disease occurred among persons linked to a New Jersey university (University A). In the absence of a licensed serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) vaccine in the United States, the Food and Drug Administration authorized use of an investigational MenB vaccine to control the outbreak. An investigation of the outbreak and response was undertaken to determine the population at risk and assess vaccination coverage.

METHODS:

The epidemiologic investigation relied on compilation and review of case and population data, laboratory typing of meningococcal isolates, and unstructured interviews with university staff. Vaccination coverage data were collected during the vaccination campaign held under an expanded-access Investigational New Drug protocol.

RESULTS:

Between March 25, 2013, and March 10, 2014, 9 cases of serogroup B meningococcal disease occurred in persons linked to University A. Laboratory typing results were identical for all 8 isolates available. Through May 14, 2014, 89.1% coverage with the 2-dose vaccination series was achieved in the target population. From the initiation of MenB vaccination through February 1, 2015, no additional cases of serogroup B meningococcal disease occurred in University A students. However, the ninth case occurred in March 2014 in an unvaccinated close contact of University A students.

CONCLUSIONS:

No serogroup B meningococcal disease cases occurred in persons who received 1 or more doses of 4CMenB vaccine, suggesting 4CMenB may have protected vaccinated individuals from disease. However, the ninth case demonstrates that carriage of serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis among vaccinated persons was not eliminated.
Geographic distribution of the Pygmy Squirrel Sciurillus pusillus (É. Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire, 1803) (Rodentia: Sciuridae) in the northwestern Amazonia, southern Colombia
Authors: Calderón-Capote María C. , Díaz-Nieto Juan F. , López-Arévalo Hugo Fernando
Published: April 2015

We evaluated the occurrence of Sciurillus pusillus in Colombia and present the first confirmed records of the species in the country based on material deposited at Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Villa de Leyva (IAvH, former INDERENA). The mentioned material was collected in two localities from vicinities of town La Chorrera, Igara-Paraná River, Amazonas Department of Colombia. Additionally, we provide a description of the baculum from one of the specimens herein recorded from Colombia.
Photoelectrochemical Properties of Alkali-treated Sodium Titanate Nanorods
Authors: Kim Mingu , Choi Gwanghyo , Yoo Daeheung , Lee Kwangmin
Published: April 2015

The band gap energy of the TiO2 photocatalytic is high at 3.2 eV. Ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation (<388nm) is required for the photocatalytic application. The lowering the band gap energy of TiO2 and enlarging light absorbing area are effective ways to enhance the efficiency of photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the morphology and crystal structure of nanosized TiO2 considerably influences its photocatalytic behavior.

In this study, sodium titanate nanorods were formed using an alkali-treatment and were heat treated at different temperatures. The photoelectrochemical properties of sodium titanate nanorods was measured as a function of heat treatment temperature. The nanorods were prepared on the surface of Ti disk with a diameter of 15mm and a thickness of 3mm. Ti disk was immersed in 5 M NaOH aqueous solution at a temperature of 60 °C for 24 h. Morphology of sodium titanate nanorods was observed using FE-SEM. Crystal structure of sodium titanate nanorods was analyzed using X-ray diffractometer. Photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate photoelectrochemical properties of sodium titanate nanorods. The thin amorphous sodium titanate layer was formed during alkali-treatment. The sodium titanate layer was changed to nanorods after heat treatment at a temperature of 700 °C. The thickness and length of sodium titanate nanorods obtained at 700 °C were around 100 nm and 1μm, respectively. The crystal structure of sodium titanate was identified with Na2Ti6O13. Above 900 °C, the morphology of nanorods changed to agglomerated shape and the thickness of nanorods increased to 1 μm. The lowest value of PL was obtained at a temperature of 700 °C, while nonalkali treated specimen showed the highest value of PL. EIS revealed that polarization resistance at interface between sodium titanate nanorods and electrolyte was increased with increasing heat treatment temperature.
Diagnosis and treatment of mast cell disorders: practical recommendations
Authors: Sandes Alex Freire , Medeiros Raphael Salles Scortegagna , Rizzatti Edgar Gil
Published: April 2015

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE The term mastocytosis covers a group of rare disorders characterized by neoplastic proliferation and accumulation of clonal mast cells in one or more organs. The aim of this study was to assess the principal elements for diagnosing and treating these disorders. DESIGN AND SETTING Narrative review of the literature conducted at Grupo Fleury, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS This study reviewed the scientific papers published in the PubMed, Embase (Excerpta Medica Database), Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) and Cochrane Library databases that were identified using the search term “mastocytosis.” RESULTS The clinical presentation of mastocytosis is remarkably heterogeneous and ranges from skin lesions that may regress spontaneously to aggressive forms associated with organ failure and short survival. Currently, seven subtypes of mastocytosis are recognized through the World Health Organization classification system for hematopoietic tumors. These disorders are diagnosed based on clinical manifestations and on identification of neoplastic mast cells using morphological, immunophenotypic, genetic and molecular methods. Abnormal mast cells display atypical and frequently spindle-shaped morphology, and aberrant expression of the CD25 and CD2 antigens. Elevation of serum tryptase is a common finding in some subtypes, and more than 90% of the patients present the D816V KIT mutation in mast cells. CONCLUSION Here, we described the most common signs and symptoms among patients with mastocytosis and suggested a practical approach for the diagnosis, classification and initial clinical treatment of mastocytosis.
Agentes comunitários de saúde: aspectos bioéticos e legais do trabalho vivo
Authors: Vidal Selma Vaz , Motta Luís Cláudio de Souza , Siqueira-Batista Rodrigo
Published: April 2015

Os agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) – que compõem a equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) – são trabalhadores residentes na comunidade que desenvolvem ações de promoção e de educação em saúde, por meio de visitas domiciliares às famílias do território em que atuam. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão do marco histórico e legal dessa categoria profissional e sua inserção no mundo do trabalho vivo. São discutidos, à luz da literatura pertinente, os condicionantes desejáveis para a formação do ACS diante da diversidade das relações estabelecidas por esses profissionais com as famílias, tendo em vista os problemas que surgem no âmago das ações de cuidado, tais como doenças, desemprego, pobreza, uso/abuso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas, risco pelo contato direto e indireto com pessoas que vivem na ilegalidade, entre outros. A partir dessa perspectiva, a bioética pode ser proposta como saber essencial à composição de uma caixa de ferramentas mínimas, capaz de instrumentalizar o ACS para a identificação e o enfrentamento dos problemas éticos emergidos no espaço-tempo da ESF.
Identidade social e desinstitucionalização: um estudo sobre uma localidade que recebe residências terapêuticas no Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Neto Pedro Machado , Avellar Luziane Zacché
Published: April 2015

As residências terapêuticas (RTs) constituem importantes dispositivos no cuidado em saúde mental. Contudo, as resistências das comunidades à sua implantação se constituem como dificuldade para sua consolidação. No sentido de analisar essa realidade, o estudo discute as concepções sociais sobre a convivência com RTs partindo da visão de habitantes de um conjunto residencial que recebe três RTs. Por meio de perspectiva etnográfica, foram realizadas entrevistas e observações. As RTs foram representadas como locais seguros, exercendo controle sobre seus moradores e desempenhando o papel do hospital psiquiátrico. Além disso, a presença das RTs naquela vizinhança possibilitou a classificação Conjunto dos Doidos estabelecida pelo Pessoal de fora, pondo em risco a identidade social dos habitantes do local. Foi observada uma tendência à diferenciação intergrupal na relação entre habitantes do conjunto residencial e os moradores das RTs, podendo ser compreendida como uma necessidade decorrente do processo de identidade social. Antigos signos associados à loucura foram observados, mas foram desfeitos a partir do convívio cotidiano com os moradores das RTs, o que pode ser um aspecto positivo a ser destacado. Mesmo com a tendência à separação das RTs, como observado neste estudo, existe um movimento que, baseado na experiência concreta de vida com as RTs na vizinhança, aponta para a possibilidade da coexistência sem maiores conflitos entre os grupos envolvidos, ilustrando a ambiguidade das relações e a necessidade de mais estudos, uma vez que, no contexto da convivência com RTs, não tem fórmula de bolo para isso como as pessoas pensam.
Meta-Analysis of Exotic Forages as Invasive Plants in Complex Multi-Functioning Landscapes
Authors: Scasta John Derek , Engle David M. , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Redfearn Daren D. , Bidwell Terrance G.
Published: April 2015

Introducing exotic forages in the attempt to enhance livestock and wildlife forage has been practiced widely for over a century. These forage species are selected for traits conferring persistence under stress, potentially yielding invaders that transform native plant communities. Using standardized systematic review guidelines and meta-analytical techniques we quantified effects of exotic forage invasion on change of native plant community structure, and compared the magnitude and direction of change across exotic forage species, plant functional groups, and structure of plant communities. Our study of 13 exotic forage species in North America (six C4 grasses, three C3 grasses, and four legumes) yielded 35 papers with quantitative data from 64 case studies. Nine of the 13 species met our inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. The overall effect of exotic forage invasion on native plant communities was negative (Ē̄ = −0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.29 to −0.25). The effect size was most negative for two C4 grasses, Lehmann lovegrass and Old World bluestems. A negative effect was also expressed by C3 and C4 grass functional groups, and these effects were stronger than for legumes. Effect size differed among measures of plant community structure, with the greatest negative effect on native plant biomass and the least negative effect on species evenness. Weighted fail-safe numbers indicated publication bias was not an issue. Exotic forage species are important for agricultural production but may threaten complex multi-functioning landscapes and should be considered as a subset of potentially invasive exotic species. Characteristics making exotic forages different from other exotic plants hinge on pathways of selection and dispersion: selection is based on persistence mechanisms similar to characteristics of invasive plants; dispersion by humans is intentional across expansive geographic regions. Exotic forages present a complex socio-ecological problem exacerbated by disconnected scientific disciplines, competing interests between policy and science, and organized efforts to increase food production.
Evaluación del extracto etanólico de propóleos en el desarrollo y la inmunidad de pollos de engorde
Authors: Sanabria Fernando , Parra Luz Marina
Published: April 2015

Introducción: la industria avícola con su producción de carne, aporta la proteína animal más económica y con alto valor nutricional para la alimentación humana, pero la presencia de residuos de antibióticos químicos en ella, ha generado rechazo, actualmente se busca la inocuidad del alimento, utilizando antibióticos naturales que protejan a las aves, al medio ambiente y a los consumidores. Dentro de ellos encontramos los propóleos, material que se obtiene de las abejas y posee un alto contenido de flavonoides, además, promueven el desarrollo de las aves de engorde. El objetivo fue evaluar si la adición de propóleos en el agua favorece la productividad del pollo de engorde y mejora el desarrollo inmunológico.

Materiales y métodos: se parte de una caracterización química por cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia con detector de arreglo de diodos (hplc/dad); a las aves se les suministra el propóleo seleccionado y se valora su incidencia en los parámetros zootécnicos; se evalúa su efecto antimicrobiano frente a una cepa de referencia de Echerichia coli y la respuesta inmune ante las vacunas aplicadas a las aves.

Resultados: se obtuvieron mejoras en la ganancia de peso y la conversión alimenticia, un aumento en la sensibilidad de los antibióticos ante la cepa de E. coli de referencia, se presentaron títulos más altos ante las enfermedades de Gumboro y Newcastle aunque sucedió lo contrario con Bronquitis infecciosa.

Conclusiones: es una alternativa económica y técnica para disminuir el uso de antibióticos químicos en la industria avícola ante retos de enfermedades.