bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Register over Karplanterne
Authors: N. N.
Published: November 2024

Resumé findes ikke.
Om de hydrographiske Forhold i Davis-Strædet.
Authors: Wandel D. F.
Published: November 2024

Intet resumé.
Student Experiences of Using Elicit for Literature Reviews
Authors: Wostenholme Claire , Wardale Frankie , Lebihan Jill , Parkin Helen
Published: November 2024

This study investigated student experiences with Elicit, an AI tool designed to support students with developing literature reviews. The research aimed to understand student perceptions of Elicit's usability and its impact on developing key research skills. Students from various courses and study levels, used Elicit to support their work on an upcoming assignment and shared their views in a focus group or interview. Findings revealed a mix of views on the usefulness and usability of Elicit. While some students found Elicit useful for highlighting key literature on a chosen topic, and appreciated its speed and reliability compared to other AI tools, others criticized the lack of quality assurance of the articles obtained and noted the article summaries as inadequate. Concerns were raised about potential over-reliance on AI tools, with the potential to hinder the development of critical research skills. Participants also debated the ethical implications of AI use in academia, with some viewing it as unfair and flagging the potential for academic misconduct. The study highlights the need for universities to provide clear guidance on AI tool usage to ensure ethical practices and support students in effectively integrating these technologies into their academic work. Despite its small scale, this research underscores the importance of understanding AI's role in teaching and learning.
The pattern of adverse drug reactions at a National Cancer Hospital in Indonesia: Analysis of spontaneous reports from healthcare professionals
Authors: Putri Risani Andalasia , Ikawati Zullies , Rahmawati Fita , Yasin Nanang Munif , Pertamasari Yuri
Published: November 2024

Drug utilization is inevitably accompanied by a high potential for adverse drug reactions (ADRs), ranging from mild to life-threatening events. Studies on the pattern of ADRs reported by healthcare professionals are still limited in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate spontaneous ADRs reported to the monitoring unit at a national cancer hospital in Indonesia. These reactions were assessed for causality using the Naranjo Probability Scale (NPS), while severity assessment was carried out using the NCI CTCAE V.5.0 (National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0) scale. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive analysis, and a total of 553 ADRs in 280 patients reported from January 2021 to December 2022 were assessed. The results showed that the most common reactions were nausea (11.6%), vomiting (9.9%), and constipation (7.2%). In addition, morphine, docetaxel, and cisplatin were identified as the most common substances causing ADRs. Causality assessment showed that 62.4% of ADRs were “probable” and 27.8% were “definite.” Severity assessment results showed that most reactions (48.8%) were classified as grade 2 (moderate), while 29.5% were grade 1 (mild). Based on these results, the incidence of ADRs among patients was a significant concern, which required active monitoring for prompt identification and treatment.
Complex aneuploidy triggers autophagy and p53-mediated apoptosis and impairs the second lineage segregation in human preimplantation embryos
Authors: Regin Marius , Lei Yingnan , De Deckersberg Edouard Couvreu , Janssens Charlotte , Huyghebaert Anfien , Guns Yves , Verdyck Pieter , Verheyen Greta , Van de Velde Hilde , Sermon Karen , Spits Claudia
Published: November 2024

About 70% of human cleavage stage embryos show chromosomal mosaicism, falling to 20% in blastocysts. Chromosomally mosaic human blastocysts can implant and lead to healthy new-borns with normal karyotypes. Studies in mouse embryos and human gastruloids have shown that aneuploid cells show proteotoxic stress, autophagy and p53 activation and that they are eliminated from the epiblast by apoptosis while being tolerated in the trophectoderm. These observations suggest a selective loss of aneuploid cells from human embryos, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In this study we investigated the cellular consequences of aneuploidy in a total of 125 human blastocysts. RNA-sequencing of trophectoderm cells showed transcriptional signatures of activated p53 pathway and apoptosis, which was proportionate to the level of chromosomal imbalance. Immunostaining corroborated that aneuploidy triggers proteotoxic stress, autophagy, p53-signalling, and apoptosis independent from DNA damage. Total cell numbers were lower in aneuploid embryos, due to a decline both in trophectoderm and in epiblast/primitive endoderm cell numbers. While lower cell numbers in trophectoderm may be attributed to apoptosis, it appeared that aneuploidy impaired the second lineage segregation, particularly primitive endoderm formation. This might be reinforced by retention of NANOG in aneuploid embryos. Our findings might explain why fully aneuploid embryos fail to further develop and we hypothesize that the same mechanisms lead to removal of aneuploid cells from mosaic embryos. This hypothesis needs further study as we did not analyze chromosomal mosaic embryos. Finally, we demonstrated a few differences with previous findings in the mouse, emphasizing the need for human embryo research to understand the consequences of aneuploidy.
Emergence of alternative stable states in microbial communities undergoing horizontal gene transfer
Authors: Hong Juken , Xue Wenzhi , Wang Teng
Published: November 2024

Microbial communities living in the same environment often display alternative stable states, each characterized by a unique composition of species. Understanding the origin and determinants of microbiome multistability has broad implications in environments, human health and microbiome engineering. However, despite its conceptual importance, how multistability emerges in complex communities remains largely unknown. Here, we focused on the role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), one important aspect mostly overlooked in previous studies, on the stability landscape of microbial populations. Combining mathematical modeling and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that, when mobile genes only affect bacterial growth rates, increasing HGT rate in general promote the emergence of alternative stable states in complex microbiota. We further extend our analysis to scenarios where HGT changes interspecies interactions, microbial communities are subjected to strong environmental selections and microbes live in metacommunities consisting of multiple local habitats. We also discuss the role of different mechanisms, including interspecies interaction strength, the growth rate effects of MGEs, MGE epistasis and microbial death rates in shaping the multistability of microbial communities undergoing HGT. These results reveal how different dynamic processes collectively shape community multistability and diversity. Our results provide key insights for the predictive control and engineering of complex microbiota.
Development of a fall prediction model for community-dwelling older adults in South Korea using machine learning: a secondary data analysis
Authors: Suh Minhee , Jung Hyesil , Kim Juli
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a fall prediction model for community-dwelling older adults using machine learning.Methods: The present study was conducted with a secondary data analysis that used data from the 2020 national survey of older Koreans. Among 10,097 participants, data 177 were excluded due to incompleteness and 9,920 were included in the final analysis. Because of data imbalance, upsampling was performed to increase the number of individuals who fell. Forty-five independent variables for fall prediction were selected based on the fall risk factors from previous studies and univariate statistical analysis. The data were split into training and testing sets at an 80:20 ratio. Three machine learning algorithms—logistic regression, random forest, and artificial neural network—were used to develop a fall prediction model.Results: The random forest model outperformed the others, with an area under the curve of .91, accuracy of .94, precision of .94, recall of .74, and F1 score of .83. An analysis of feature importance revealed that satisfaction with health condition, visual difficulty, instrumental activities of daily living, performance of 400m walk, and cognitive ability were the top five features for fall prediction.Conclusion: The fall prediction model developed using machine learning demonstrated high model performance, implying its suitability for use as a primary screening tool for fall risk. Subjective satisfaction with one’s health should be considered as an important factor in predicting falls in community-dwelling older adults. It is necessary for community health nurses to reinforce positive health awareness by continuous disease management and physical function improvement for older adults to prevent falls.
Births in Times of Pandemic: Mothers' Views on the Use of COVID-19 Hospital Precautionary Measures
Authors: Mena Silva Constanza , Cifuentes Javier , Silva Rosa , Lagos Rodrigo , Díaz Blanca , Palma Elisa , Morales-Reyes Irma , Olhaberry Marcia , Ambiado Sergio
Published: November 2024

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, health institutions adjusted protocols to include additional precautionary measures which may impact mothers' and babies' experiences of birth and post-partum. This mixed-methods cross-sectional study aims to describe mothers' experience of hospital precautionary measures and their view on how these impacted on their levels of discomfort as well as positive and negative feelings experienced by them and their newborns, and maternal depressive symptomatology. A convenience sample from a private clinic in Santiago was used to compare two groups: 62 mothers with a negative Sars-CoV-2 PCR test (controls) and 58 mothers with a positive or pending Sars-CoV-2 PCR test prior to labor (cases), with different precautionary measures applied according to risk. An online questionnaire designed for this study and the EPDS was used. T-tests were used for comparing means as well as non-parametric tests and qualitative thematic analysis. Cases experienced more discomfort than controls, but at the same time they reported feeling significantly more competent. Of the total sample, 51.67% were at risk of postpartum depression, with no significant differences between groups. No significant differences were found in newborns' level of discomfort, stress or positive or negative feelings according to mothers. Mothers reported an overall positive impact on their mother-infant bond. These results emphasize that mothers in their perinatal period have been exposed to a highly stressful context during the pandemic, which has impacted on their mental health. The impact of hospital precautionary measures, their implications for maternity protocols and these patients' need for support are discussed.
Notorious Foreign Body in the Cricopharynx with Impending Internal Carotid Artery Penetration: A Case Report
Authors: Gowthame K , Anand Raghvi , Navin RB Namasivaya , Prabakaran S , Kumar B Sarath
Published: November 2024

The presence of foreign bodies in the throat is a relatively frequent occurrence in otolaryngology practice. Adults experience foreign bodies in their throats more frequently, with food impaction being the main reason. A 60-year-old female presented with a history of fish ingestion and complaints of Foreign Body (FB) sensation in the throat and painful swallowing. Computed Tomography (CT) of the neck showed the presence of a FB in the hypopharynx, with a possibility of penetration into the parapharyngeal space and the left Internal Carotid Artery (ICA). The patient underwent FB removal under flexible fibreoptic endoscopy with intravenous sedation. Any delay in diagnosis and treatment could lead to the migration of the FB into the carotid artery, resulting in catastrophic bleeding. Hence, every patient who visits the otolaryngology Outpatient Department (OPD) with complaints of FB sensation in their throat needs to be evaluated promptly. Physicians should be particularly concerned if the patient has prolonged clinical symptoms, positive neck radiography, and negative direct laryngoscopy and rigid esophagoscopy. These cases have a high index of suspicion for a migrating FB. Whether to consider segmental resection and end-to-end anastomosis, angioplasty with a saphenous vein or prosthetic patch, insertion of an allograft, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) interposition graft, or replacement of the injured ICA will depend on the type and extent of the arterial injury
Ameloblastic Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Nandika Sowmya Vimala , Ramesh Tatapudi , Manyam Ravikanth , Divya Puvvada , Merneedi Veerakumari
Published: November 2024

Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare, aggressive, malignant form of ameloblastoma with a low incidence rate, accounting for 0.3-3.5% of all odontogenic tumours of the jaws and has a poor prognosis. It exhibits a 5:1 mandibular predilection, with the lungs being the most common metastatic site. Clinically, these lesions behave more aggressively than conventional ameloblastomas. The most common sign is an asymptomatic swelling, with less frequent findings of pain, rapid growth, trismus and dysphonia. About 38% of cases may present without typical clinical symptoms or unique clinical presentations. The present case is a rare case report of 40-year-old male patient of ameloblastic carcinoma presenting with a unique clinical manifestation as osteomyelitis. Initially, the patient reported the presence of an unhealed extraction site, followed by gradual swelling with discharge and pain over the past 20 days. After the necessary diagnostic procedures, the case was diagnosed as ameloblastic carcinoma and referred to higher centres for treatment. The lack of typical clinical presentation makes the diagnosis of these cases difficult. To prevent morbidity and mortality associated with these aggressive cases, they must be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
A Rare Case of Adenovirus-induced Transverse Myelitis: A Clinical Insight into Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Khillare Kishor M , Kishore Sheetal Nandha , Dhadwad Jagannath S , Chitnis Anish , Dash Chandan
Published: November 2024

Adenovirus (Ad), a common virus, can cause a variety of symptoms such as respiratory issues, fever, and occasionally neurological problems. Transverse Myelitis (TM) is defined as a neurological disorder marked by inflammation of a section of the spinal cord which further damages the myelin sheath surrounding the nerve fibers. This can result in a variety of symptoms, including general weakness, sensory changes, pain and difficulties with bowel and bladder control. Ad causing TM is a topic of great significance in the field of medicine as it involves a rare yet serious condition. Hereby the case report of a 64-year-old female who presented to the Emergency Room with fever and bilateral lower limb weakness and was diagnosed with TM, with the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) report Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) showing Ad. The patient was treated with plasmapheresis, antivirals, steroids and physiotherapy. The present case emphasises that timely diagnosis and identification of the underlying cause of TM are essential to prevent respiratory paralysis and other complications. It is also important to exclude other autoimmune conditions, as well as, bacterial and fungal infections, in every patient.
The Influence of Capital Structure, Profitability, Company Size and Dividend Policy on Firm Value With Investment Decision as a Moderator
Authors: Nurhidayah Nofi , Purwidianti Wida , Miftahuddin M. Agung , Handayani Erna
Published: November 2024

Aims: With investment choices serving as a moderator, this research examines the impact of capital structure, profitability, company size, and dividend policy on firm value.
Study Design: This quantitative study employs purposive sampling to examine the financial data of 85 Indonesian property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2023.
Place and Duration of Study: The research population comprised 85 property and real estate firms on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2023.
Methodology: A purposive sample of 32 firms yielded 131 data points over five years. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, MRA analysis, and conventional assumption tests.
Results: The findings indicate that capital structure and profitability positively influence firm value. Dividend policy appears to have no impact on firm value, while company size exhibits a negative relationship. Investment decisions strengthen the association between capital structure, profitability, and dividend policy with firm value, but weaken the link between company size and firm value.
Conclusion: This research has theoretical and practical implications. Theoretical implications try to look in more depth at how various factors, such as capital structure, profitability, company size, and dividend policy, as well as investment decisions, jointly influence the value of a property and real estate company. For practical implications for property and real estate company management, the results of this research can be a reference in making decisions regarding capital structure, dividend policy, and investment so as to increase company value.
In-vitro Androgenic Responses in Tropical Genotypes of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: M. M. Kiran , Madhavan Jayanthi , Mandal Pranab Kumar , Kumar Amit , Hossain Firoz , Muthusamy Vignesh , Venugopalan R. , Mandal Puja
Published: November 2024

The production of doubled haploid (DH), a valuable technique for preserving hybrid vigor in plant breeding, involves generating haploid individuals through In vitro techniques. The direct embryogenesis or callogenesis from immature anthers using In vitro cultivation is used to produce haploid individuals suitable for development of DH lines. In vitro anther culture represents a viable approach albeit requiring the optimization of plant tissue culture protocols for assessing genotypes. In this study, we systematically investigated tassel collection with appropriate size of microspore developmental stages in anthers and the culture media with different growth regulator concentrations for effect on callus induction from anthers. As genotype dependency of response is a very important factor, we experimented three YP basal media with different plant growth regulators for twelve different hybrid maize genotypes. The result revealed that three genotypes - Pusa HM8 Improved, Pusa HQPM1 Improved & APCH-2 demonstrated significant outcomes having the callus induction frequency of 4% in Pusa HM8 Improved, 5% in APCH-2, 8% in Pusa HQPM1 Improved in YP media with 2 mg/l IAA and 1 mg/l Kinetin. Moreover, this study refines media compositions optimized for genotypes of tropical region, and it has potential for enhancing maize breeding programs.
PANDEMIA E TRAUMA - DESTINOS E DISSILÊNCIOS DE ABORTOS E PSICANÁLISES
Authors: Noguez Camila Maggi Rech , Goldmeier Paula
Published: November 2024

Esta escrita transcorre através do insólito encontro entre pandemia e aborto, ambos reorganizando o que pode estar do lado da morte e da vida. Nas escassas ocasiões em que a psicanálise compareceu ao debate sobre o aborto, o fez sob os signos do trauma. E é sobre os vetores do trauma - no que se avança e se conserva enquanto pacto social, que consiste o primeiro eixo desta investigação. O segundo eixo trata sobre a noção de destino na psicanálise. Na sequência, temos o eixo dos Feminismos e Interseccionalidades. O processo de análise é compreendido como esse tempo em que o destino ganha uma espécie de polissemia e tanto os caminhos percorridos como os dianteiros se repavimentam. Conclui-se que as existências privadas do reinvento por novos textos sobre a experiência do aborto podem ser tomadas como desperdícios criativos, diante das quais se faz o convite: narrar destinos insabidos através dos dissilêncios.
Road Sign Detection Using R-CNN
Authors: Pal Ranit , . Arvind , Bhandari Rahul , Choudhary Varun Kumar , Kumar Jaydeep , Bajpai Veer
Published: November 2024

The progression of automatous automobile navigation systems relies on the study of Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR). Because of the need to constantly analyze the situation to make decisions, all autonomous driving systems lack the capacity to run complex image processing algorithms as well as large-scale computing responsibilities. However, they need the efficient calculations of input data in order to generate outputs in the shortest time possible. This is due the fact that there are a lot of traffic signs, advertisements, parked cars, individuals and many other vehicles and objects both in motion and stationery in urban environments. While the strategies discussed in literature for the implementation of ITS have been proposed in varied forms, few have been modelled and analyzed at most at moderate speeds, or with regards to rural or urban roads. Hence, the aim of this paper is to give a background of the main problem and the available techniques to solve those issues, and present a detailed approach to tackle real-time recognition problems in urban traffic sign detection.
Indications For Bone Allografts In The Treatment Of Benign Bone TumorsOf The Upper Limb: A Study Of 28 Cases
Authors: Meriem Ait Saadi , Sihem Maameri , W Benakil. , A Benaida.
Published: November 2024

Benign bone tumors are non-malignant neoplasms that can affect all parts of the skeletal system. Surgical treatment remains the primary approach. The first stage of surgical treatment may involve: A simple or wide excision for extraosseous tumors Curettage The second stage involves bone reconstruction (filling). Usable materials include autografts, allografts, and bone substitutes. The objective of our study is to demonstrate the benefit of using bone allograftsin cases of bonesubstance loss due to tumors. This is a prospective, single-center study over a period of seven years, involving 28 cases: 12 men and 16 women, with an average age of 32 years. Diagnosis was based on clinical examination and radiology, using the TOD classification (Type-BoneDimension) for bone substance loss. Histological types in our study included: chondroma (16 cases), benign giant cell tumor (3 cases), simple bone cyst (4 cases), aneurysmal cyst (2 cases), Osteoid osteoma (2 cases), Chondroblastoma (1 case) Treatment involved curettage with filling using bone allografts (cryopreserved femoral heads). Results after an average follow-up of 46 months showed: Bone integration in 22 cases , Partial lysis in 4 cases , Total lysis in 2 case In conclusion, benign bone tumors are generally well-evolving lesions but may become seriousin complicated forms (growth disorders, bone deformities, malignant transformation). Surgical treatment should remain the primary approach, and recurrence is a complication of incompleteresection.
Role Of Uric Acid As A Prognostic Tool In Infections Of The Central Nervous System
Authors: Korlakunta Dr. Omsree , Maben Dr. Evs
Published: November 2024

.
A Review Of Routing Protocols For FANET
Authors: Dong Shanshan , Tang Zhijun , Ma Haowei
Published: November 2024

With the continuous development of radio and aviation technology, the research on Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANET) has become the hotspot. FANET is a distributed network composed of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in a self-organized form, which has great potential for application in both military and civil fields. Different application scenarios have different requirements for FANET channel resource allocation. To facilitate future in-depth research on FANET, a comprehensive investigation into FANET routing protocols and related knowledge was conducted. Firstly, common mobility models and routing techniques in routing protocols are introduced. Then, FANET routing protocols are reviewed and analyzed based on existing knowledge of routing protocols. Routing protocols are classified into five categories, and each discussed routing algorithm is introduced in detail from the perspectives of principles, strengths and weaknesses, and applicability scenarios. Finally, the problems and current status of optimization of OLSR routing protocols are discussed.
Efficacy Of Trade Openness Over Middle-Income Trap
Authors: Prajapati Vishwajeet Singh , Priya Prof Ashutosh
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the role of trade openness as a strategic policy tool to navigate and potentially escape the middle-income trap, a phenomenon that hinders sustainable economic growth and development. The middleincome trap refers to the stagnation or deceleration in economic progress experienced by countries as they transition from low to middle-income status. Our study employs empirical analysis to assess the efficacy of trade openness in addressing the challenges associated with the middle-income trap. We begin by reviewing relevant literature on the middle-income trap and the theoretical foundations of trade openness, establishing a conceptual framework for our analysis. This research adopts a cross-sectional design to examine the relationship between trade openness and the growth rate, focusing on the year 2022. The growth rate is the dependent variable, representing the economic performance of a diverse set of countries during this specific timeframe. The primary independent variable is trade openness, measured by the ratio of exports plus imports to GDP. Additionally, three confounding variables are considered: economic structure, infrastructure index, and economic stability. The core analysis employs a multiple regression model to estimate the impact of trade openness on the growth rate, controlling for economic structure, infrastructure index, and economic stability.
Mortgage Financing And Financial Performance Of Commercial Banks In Kenya
Authors: Chepkurui Catherine , Gatauwa Dr. James M.
Published: November 2024

There is a high demand for housing in Kenya. This is due to continuous growth in population. Mortgages from banks are crucial in fulfilling this demand. The main objective of this study was to investigate how mortgage financing influences the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. It specifically aimed to understand the impact of interest rates, borrower income levels, and repayment periods on the financial performance of Kenyan banks. The paper was underpinned by Keynes’s liquidity preference, absolute income, and title and lien theories. Causal research design was used. Thirty-one mortgage offering commercial banks were the data sources. Secondary data was used. The target commercial banks yearly financial data, Central Bank of Kenya, and Kenya Banker’s Association provided the secondary data. The analysis involved using descriptive statistics to summarize the data and panel regression to explore relationships between variables. The findings revealed a coefficient of determination of 0.4369. They further showed a negative relationship between mortgage lending banks performance and interest rate, natural logarithm of income level of borrowers positively and significantly affected the financial performance of mortgage issuing Kenyan banks and mortgage loan repayment period had a positive impact on mortgage offering Kenyan banks. The study comes to the conclusion that mortgage lending significantly improves Kenyan mortgage selling banks' financial performance. The ever-increasing demand for houses encourages individuals to take mortgages and improves the financial efficiency of Kenyan banks when default rate is low. This study thus recommends that Kenyan banks offering mortgages should encourage the culture of saving among their customers as this will increase their liquidity to offer mortgage loans which will in turn positively influence their financial performance
Epigenetically modulated FOXM1 suppresses dendritic cell maturation in pancreatic cancer and colon cancer
Authors: Zhou Zhongshi , Chen Hongdan , Xie Rui , Wang Hongjie , Li Senlin , Xu Qianqian , Xu Na , Cheng Qi , Qian Ying , Huang Rongrong , Shao Zekun , Xiang Ming
Published: January 2019

Forkhead box transcription factor M1 (FOXM1) is a proliferation‐associated transcription factor involved in tumorigenesis through transcriptional regulation of its target genes in various cells, including dendritic cells (DCs). Although previous work has shown that FOXM1 enhances DC maturation in response to house dust mite allergens, it is not known whether FOXM1 affects DC maturation in the context of tumor‐specific immunity. In this study, we examined the central role of FOXM1 in regulating bone marrow‐derived dendritic cell (BMDC) maturation phenotypes and function in pancreatic cancer and colon cancer. FOXM1 retarded maturation phenotypes of BMDCs, inhibited promotion of T‐cell proliferation, and decreased interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) p70 in tumor‐bearing mice (TBM). Notably, FOXM1 expression was epigenetically regulated by dimethylation on H3 lysine 79 (H3K79me2), a modification present in both tumor cells and BMDCs. Increased H3K79me2 enrichment was observed at the FOXM1 promoter in both BMDCs from TBM, and in BMDCs from wild‐type mice cultured with tumor‐conditioned medium that mimics the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, inhibition of the H3K79 methyltransferase DOT1L not only decreased enrichment of H3K79me2, but also downregulated expression of FOXM1 and partially reversed its immunosuppressive effects on BMDCs. Furthermore, we found that FOXM1 upregulated transcription of Wnt family number 5A (Wnt5a) in BMDCs in vitro; we also observed that exogenous Wnt5a expression abrogated BMDC maturation phenotypes by inhibiting FOXM1 and H3K79me2 modification. Therefore, our results reveal that upregulation of FOXM1 by H3K79me2 in pancreatic cancer and colon cancer significantly inhibits maturation phenotypes and function of BMDCs through the Wnt5a signaling pathway, and thus provide novel insights into FOXM1‐based antitumor immunotherapy.
3D2 Self‐Assembling Janus Peptide Dendrimers with Tailorable Supermultivalency
Authors: Choi Sung‐ju , Kwon Soo hyun , Lim Yong‐beom
Published: January 2019

The self‐assembly of peptides enables the construction of self‐assembled peptide nanostructures (SPNs) with chemical composition similar to those of natural proteins; however, the structural complexity and functional properties of SPNs are far beneath those of natural proteins. One of the most fundamental challenges in fabricating more elaborate SPNs lies in developing building blocks that are simultaneously more complex and relatively easy to synthesize. Here, the development of self‐assembling Janus peptide dendrimers (JPDs) is reported, which have fully 3D structures similar to those of globular proteins. For the reliable and convenient synthesis of JPDs, a solid‐phase bifurcation synthesis method is devised. The self‐assembly behavior of JPDs is unique because only the dendrimer generation and not the weight fraction dictates the morphology of SPNs. The coassembly of two JPD building blocks provides an opportunity not only to enlarge the morphological repertoire in a predictable manner but also to discover SPNs with unusual and interesting morphologies. Because JPD assemblies have dual multivalency, i.e., supramolecular and unimolecular multivalency, the JPD system enables the statistical selection of materials with high avidity for the desired cell types and possibly any target receptors.
Near‐Infrared‐Light Activatable Nanoparticles for Deep‐Tissue‐Penetrating Wireless Optogenetics
Authors: Yu Nuo , Huang Ling , Zhou Yubin , Xue Tian , Chen Zhigang , Han Gang
Published: January 2019

Optogenetics has been developed to control the activities and functions of cells with high spatiotemporal resolution, cell‐type specificity, and flexibility. However, current optogenetic tools generally rely on visible light (e.g., blue or yellow) with shallow tissue penetration ability that does require invasive fiber‐optic probes to deliver visible light into organs and animal tissues. This often results in a series of side effects, such as tissue damage and unwanted inflammation. Fortunately, the emerging wireless optogenetic tools that can respond to deep‐tissue‐penetrating near‐infrared (NIR) light have attracted increasing attention due to their much‐reduced damage to living organisms. There are mainly two types of NIR‐activatable optogenetic tools: one uses lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles to transduce NIR light to visible light to modulate classical opsin‐expressing neurons; the other type couples with an NIR absorber to convert NIR light to heat to activate thermosensitive proteins. These NIR‐activatable optogenetic tools enable low‐invasive “remote control” activation and inhibition of cellular signaling pathways. This approach has great potential to help create more innovative therapies for diseases like cancer, diabetes, and neuronal disorders in the near future. Therefore, this review article summarizes the recent advances on design strategies and synthetic methods of NIR‐activatable nanomaterials for wireless optogenetic applications.
Tracking Structural Self‐Reconstruction and Identifying True Active Sites toward Cobalt Oxychloride Precatalyst of Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Jiang Hongliang , He Qun , Li Xiyu , Su Xiaozhi , Zhang Youkui , Chen Shuangming , Zhang Shuo , Zhang Guozhen , Jiang Jun , Luo Yi , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Song Li
Published: January 2019

Unravelling the intrinsic mechanism of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by use of heterogeneous catalysts is highly desirable to develop related energy conversion technologies. Albeit dynamic self‐reconstruction of the catalysts during OER is extensively observed, it is still highly challenging to operando probe the reconstruction and precisely identify the true catalytically active components. Here, a new class of OER precatalyst, cobalt oxychloride (Co2(OH)3Cl) with unique features that allow a gradual phase reconstruction during OER due to the etching of lattice anion is demonstrated. The reconstruction continuously boosts OER activities. The reconstruction‐derived component delivers remarkable performance in both alkaline and neutral electrolytes. Operando synchrotron radiation‐based X‐ray spectroscopic characterization together with density functional theory calculations discloses that the etching of lattice Cl− serves as the key to trigger the reconstruction and the boosted catalytic performance roots in the atomic‐level coordinatively unsaturated sites (CUS). This work establishes fundamental understanding on the OER mechanism associated with self‐reconstruction of heterogeneous catalysts.
Shapeable Material Technologies for 3D Self‐Assembly of Mesoscale Electronics
Authors: Karnaushenko Daniil , Kang Tong , Schmidt Oliver G.
Published: January 2019

Electronic devices and their components are continually evolving to offer improved performance, smaller sizes, lower weight, and reduced costs, often requiring the state‐of‐the‐art manufacturing and materials to do so. An emerging class of materials and fabrication techniques inspired by self‐assembling biological systems shows promise as an alternative to the more traditional methods that are currently used in the microelectronics industry. This spatial self‐assembly process offers the possibility of improved performance while reducing overall manufacturing complexity of devices and components by harnessing the relative ease in which it can produce mesoscopic 3D geometries. These benefits can lead to tighter integration, reduced costs, and ultimately even small, autonomous robots fabricated from a single wafer. To better understand the technology, existing work in this research field is reviewed with regard to the mechanisms involved in the 3D self‐assembly, the materials that facilitate it, and the devices that can benefit most from their implementation.
Recent Advances in Transition‐Metal‐Mediated Chelation‐ Assisted Sulfonylation of Unactivated C−H Bonds
Authors: Liu Jidan , Zheng Liyao
Published: January 2019

Sulfones are ubiquitous structural motifs that frequently occur in pharmacologically active compounds and synthetic intermediates, and possess a wide range of biological properties. Due to their great value in pharmaceutical chemistry, material sciences and organic synthesis, considerable attention has been paid to the development of general and efficient methods for the synthesis of sulfones and their derivatives. Among the various methods developed, transition‐metal‐mediated (both catalytic and stoichiometric) direct sulfonylation through C−H activation has been considered as an attractive, efficient and atom‐economic strategy, which avoids the multistep preparation of preactivated starting materials and tolerates a wide variety of functional groups. This review is intended to comprehensively summarize the recent advances in the rapidly expanding area of sulfone synthesis via transition‐metal‐mediated C−H activation utilizing directing groups to govern the site selectivity. For clarity, this review is classified in line with the different types of transition metal catalysts used, including Pd, Ru, Rh, Cu, Ni, and Co. The reaction mechanisms are discussed and compared. Selected examples of substrates are listed as well, and a personal outlook is given at the end.

magnified image
Nuclear Spin Singlet States in Photoactive Molecules: From Fluorescence/NMR Bimodality to a Bimolecular Switch for Spin Singlet States
Authors: Yang Shengjun , McCormick Jeffrey , Mamone Salvatore , Bouchard Louis‐S. , Glöggler Stefan
Published: January 2019

Nuclear spin singlet states are silent states in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). However, they can be probed indirectly and offer great potential for the development of contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Introduced here are two novel concepts: Firstly, the bimodal NMR/fluorescence properties of 13C2‐tetraphenylethylene. It possesses a long‐lived singlet state in organic solvents, and it shortens upon the addition of water. This simultaneously increases the aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) of the molecule, resulting in a substantial enhancement of fluorescence. Secondly, introduced is a bimolecular switch for singlet states based on 3‐2H‐coumarin containing an isolated proton. Upon UV‐light exposure, a dimer forms, leading to a coupling between two previously isolated protons. A nuclear spin singlet state can now be populated. Excitation with a wavelength of 254 nm results in partial ring cleavage of the molecule back to its monomer.
Robust Superhydrophobic/Superoleophilic Wrinkled Microspherical MOF@rGO Composites for Efficient Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Gu Jiahui , Fan Hongwei , Li Chunxi , Caro Jürgen , Meng Hong
Published: January 2019

Graphene/MOF‐based composite materials in three‐dimensional (3D) architectures are promising for the treatment of oil‐containing wastewater by absorption owing to their intrinsic properties of graphene and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), such as high porosity, ultralow density, and facilely tailored superwettability. In this study, novel wrinkled 3D microspherical MOF@rGO composites with both superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties were developed by embedding MOF nanoparticles between graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, followed by high‐temperature reduction self‐assembly. The microspherical composites feature a unique micro/nano hierarchy consisting of crumpled reduced GO (rGO) nanosheets intercalated with well‐dispersed MOF nanoparticles. Combined with the superwettability and abundant meso/microporosity, the peculiar architectures of wrinkled ZIF‐8@rGO microspheres show very fast absorption rates and high sorption selectivity for organic solvents and oils from water.
Hydrophobic Metal Halide Perovskites for Visible‐Light Photoredox C−C Bond Cleavage and Dehydrogenation Catalysis
Authors: Hong Zonghan , Chong Wee Kiang , Ng Andrew Yun Ru , Li Mingjie , Ganguly Rakesh , Sum Tze Chien , Soo Han Sen
Published: January 2019

Two‐dimensional lead and tin halide perovskites were prepared by intercalating the long alkyl group 1‐hexadecylammonium (HDA) between the inorganic layers. We observed visible‐light absorption, narrow‐band photoluminescence, and nanosecond photoexcited lifetimes in these perovskites. Owing to their hydrophobicity and stability even in humid air, we applied these perovskites in the decarboxylation and dehydrogenation of indoline‐2‐carboxylic acids. (HDA)2PbI4 or (HDA)2SnI4 were investigated as photoredox catalysts for these reactions, and quantitative conversion and high yields were observed with the former.
A Noncovalent Fluorescence Turn‐on Strategy for Hypoxia Imaging
Authors: Geng Wen‐Chao , Jia Shaorui , Zheng Zhe , Li Zhihao , Ding Dan , Guo Dong‐Sheng
Published: January 2019

Hypoxia plays crucial roles in many diseases and is a central target for them. Present hypoxia imaging is restricted to the covalent approach, which needs tedious synthesis. In this work, a new supramolecular host–guest approach, based on the complexation of a hypoxia‐responsive macrocycle with a commercial dye, is proposed. To exemplify the strategy, a carboxyl‐modified azocalix[4]arene (CAC4A) was designed that binds to rhodamine 123 (Rho123) and quenches its fluorescence. The azo groups of CAC4A were selectively reduced under hypoxia, leading to the release of Rho123 and recovery of its fluorescence. The noncovalent strategy was validated through hypoxia imaging in living cells treated with the CAC4A–Rho123 reporter pair.
Superior activity of Ce‐HZSM‐5 catalyst for catalytic oxidation of arsine at low oxygen
Authors: Xie Yibing , Wang Langlang , Ning Ping , Wang Xueqian , Wang Qi , Zhang Yingjie , Wang Mengyu
Published: January 2019

A series of Ce modified catalysts were prepared using equivalent‐volumetric ultrasonic impregnation method for AsH3 removal. The performance of catalytic oxidation of AsH3 under dynamic conditions was studied under different synthesis and reaction conditions. Through screening tests, the optimum catalyst was impregnated by 10 wt.% Ce (CH3COO)3 precursor and subsequently calcinated at 550 °C. When the reaction temperature reached 170 °C, the Ce‐HZSM‐5 catalyst could maintain an oxidation efficiency of over 90% in 82 hrs. Furthermore, the chemical structure and properties of the catalyst and its catalytic oxidation mechanism with AsH3 were analyzed using SEM‐EDS, BET, XRD, XPS, H2‐TPR and FT‐IR. The results showed that Ce mainly existed on the catalyst surface in the forms of Ce4+ and Ce3+. In the reaction process, the chemisorbed oxygen played a key role in the transformation between the two valence states. AsH3 was firstly oxidized to elemental As with the participation of lattice oxygen. Then, the elemental As was partially blown into the rear part of the adsorption column along with the air flow and subsequently, de‐sublimed on the column wall. Herein, the elemental As remained on the surface of Ce‐HZSM‐5 catalyst, which would further oxidize to As2O3. For the recovery of As, Ce‐HZSM‐5 proved to be a promising catalyst in AsH3 removal.

Highlights

The CeOx modified HZSM‐5 catalyst was used to catalytic oxidation of AsH3.

The Ce‐HZSM‐5 catalyst could maintain over 90% oxidation efficiency in 82 hrs.

AsH3 was catalytic oxidized to elemental As and H2O on the catalyst surface and the As can be collected.

The As adsorbed on the catalyst surface can be oxidized to As2O3 but cannot be further oxidized to As2O5.
Preparation and analysis of poly(l‐lactic acid) composites with oligo(d‐lactic acid)‐grafted cellulose
Authors: Rahaman Md. Hafezur , Rana Md. Masud , Gafur Mohammad Abdul , Mohona Anika Amir
Published: January 2019

α‐Cellulose extracted from jute fiber was grafted with oligo(
d‐lactic acid) (ODLA) via a graft polycondensation reaction in the presence of para‐toluene sulfonic acid and potassium persulfate in toluene at 130 °C for 9 h under 380 mmHg. ODLA was synthesized by the ring‐opening polymerization of
d‐lactides in the presence of stannous octoate (0.03 wt % lactide) and
d‐lactic acid at 140 °C for 10 h. Composites of poly(
l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) with the ODLA‐grafted α‐cellulose were prepared by the solution‐mixing and film‐casting methods. The grafting of ODLA onto α‐cellulose was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analysis of the composites was performed with FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The distribution of the grafted α‐cellulose in the composites was uniform and showed better compatibility with PLLA through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Only homocrystalline structures of PLLA were present in the composites, and the thermal stability increased with increasing percentage of grafted α‐cellulose. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47424.
Effect of microstructural arrangement of MDI‐based polyurethanes on their photoproperties
Authors: Senevirathna Sandhya Rani , Amarasinghe D. A. S. , Karunaratne Veranja , Koneswaran Masilamani , Karunanayake Laleen
Published: January 2019

Among the vast variety of polyurethane applications, several applications use the fluorescing nature of some of the polyurethanes. Even though 4,4′‐methylenebis(phenylisocyanate) (MDI)‐based polyurethanes fluoresce, their applications are rare because of the lack of knowledge about the fluorescence behavior of these polymers. In this study, the fluorophores responsible for the emission spectra of MDI‐based polyurethanes were identified, and their emission behavior was investigated. When excited, these polymers produce two prominent emission peaks located at 356 nm and 423 nm, which are assigned to the radiative relaxation of excited isolated hard segments and excited crystalline hard segment bundles of the MDI‐based polyurethanes, respectively. It was found that both chromophores can be excited by 293 nm UV radiation. The observed intensity variations of the two peaks with exposure time were attributed to the localized UV melting‐assisted migration of isolated hard segments. This migration facilitates the formation of crystalline hard segments. As the two chromophore populations are inversely propositional to each other, the relative intensity of the two emission peaks varies with UV exposure in a similar manner. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47431.
Eudragit E100/poly(ethylene oxide) electrospun fibers for DNA removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Barbosa Jaderson de A. B. , de França Chirles A. , Gouveia João José de S. , Gouveia Gisele V. , da Costa Mateus M. , de Oliveira Helinando P.
Published: January 2019

The development of new strategies for production of low‐cost deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) adsorbents based on electrospun fibers of block copolymers [Eudragit E‐100/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)] is a promising way for fast retrieval of free of degradation double‐stranded DNA chains from aqueous solution. The adsorption takes place through electrostatic interaction between DNA and oppositely charged electrospun fibers that provide high surface area for DNA adsorption. The adsorption capacity observed for electrospun fibers of Eudragit E100/PEO (considering as target molecules the salmon sperm DNA) was in order of 44.31 mg g−1, following the Langmuir model in a typical adsorption at solid/liquid interface (pseudo‐second‐order model), that characterizes the electrospun fibers as promising templates for removal of biologic components and further use in molecular biology techniques, as DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction. The reuse and integrity of membranes after long period of adsorption were tested, confirming the potential of material as adsorbent. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47479.