bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The fragile nature of phonological awareness in children with specific language impairment: Evidence from literacy development
Authors: Zourou Filio , Ecalle Jean , Magnan Annie , Sanchez Monique
Published: September 2010

Previous studies have suggested that children with specific language impairment (SLI) risk encountering subsequent literacy difficulties, due to difficulties in phonological awareness (PA). This longitudinal study provides evidence in support of this view based on a group of 20 French-speaking children with SLI examined at the start of learning to read. It also investigates the specific difficulties in reading decoding, reading comprehension and spelling. The sample was tested on standardized measures of phonological awareness, nonverbal skills, morphosyntax, reading, and spelling. The assessment was performed twice separated by an interval of 30 months. At Time 2, the results indicated normal scores on phonological awareness. Despite this, the sample scored poorly on literacy tasks, and the majority exhibited particularly striking deficits on spelling. We argue that there is a reciprocal influence between the early PA deficit and the subsequent literacy development in children with SLI. The sample of the study presented normal PA skills after 2 or 3 years of schooling. Nonetheless, most of the participants experienced difficulties on the literacy tasks, thus proving that the acquired PA skills were fragile and not sufficiently developed to cope with tasks more complicated than typical PA tasks.
Developing a language support model for mainstream primary school teachers
Authors: McCartney Elspeth , Ellis Sue , Boyle James , Turnbull Mary , Kerr Jane
Published: September 2010

In the UK, speech and language therapists (SLTs) work with teachers to support children with language impairment (LI) in mainstream schools. Consultancy approaches are often used, where SLTs advise educational staff who then deliver language-learning activities. However, some research suggests that schools may not always sustain activities as planned. There is a need to consider teachers’ views on implementing consultancy approaches, and use these to develop practical means to set-up, monitor and evaluate classroom-based language-learning activities, developing a ‘language support model’ useful to teachers. The small-scale study described aimed to investigate and analyse teachers’ and SLTs’ views, and to use these to develop a language support model suited to the ecology of the primary classroom. A small-scale participatory evaluation study is reported. Participants were three community SLTs, and mainstream primary teachers experienced with children with LI: four teachers from one authority who had been involved in a previous language-learning trial, and 15 teachers from three other authorities. Methods were short questionnaire, group interview and iterative document revision. On the basis of participants’ views, a flexible language support model was developed. This model outlines school and SLT actions needed to implement and monitor language activities and to check progress, with related materials for teachers. The language support model reflected participants’ views of the realities of classroom work, and the materials were judged useful to teachers. They have been edited and published for general use.
Classification of Canine Malignant Lymphomas According to the World Health Organization Criteria
Authors: Valli V. E. , Myint M. San , Barthel A. , Bienzle D. , Caswell J. , Colbatzky F. , Durham A. , Ehrhart E. J. , Johnson Y. , Jones C. , Kiupel M. , Labelle P. , Lester S. , Miller M. , Moore P. , Moroff S. , Roccabianca P. , Ramos-Vara J. , Ross A. , Scase T. , Tvedten H. , Vernau W.
Published: September 2010

A study was carried out to test the accuracy and consistency of veterinary pathologists, not specialists in hematopathology, in applying the World Health Organization (WHO) system of classification of canine lymphomas. This study represents an initiative of the ACVP Oncology Committee, and the classification has been endorsed by the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WASVA). Tissue biopsies from cases of canine lymphoma were received from veterinary oncologists, and a study by pathologists given only signalment was carried out on 300 cases. Twenty pathologists reviewed these 300 cases with each required to choose a diagnosis from a list of 43 B and T cell lymphomas. Three of the 20 were hematopathologists who determined the consensus diagnosis for each case. The 17 who formed the test group were experienced but not specialists in hematopathology, and most were diplomates of the American or European Colleges of Veterinary Pathology. The overall accuracy of the 17 pathologists on the 300 cases was 83%. When the analysis was limited to the 6 most common diagnoses, containing 80% of all cases, accuracy rose to 87%. In a test of reproducibility enabled by reintroducing 5% of cases entered under a different identity, the overall agreement between the first and second diagnosis ranged from 40 to 87%. The statistical review included 43,000 data points for each of the 20 pathologists.
Primary Follicular Dystrophy With Scarring Dermatitis in C57BL/6 Mouse Substrains Resembles Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia in Humans
Authors: Sundberg J. P. , Taylor D. , Lorch G. , Miller J. , Silva K. A. , Sundberg B. A. , Roopenian D. , Sperling L. , Ong D. , King L. E. , Everts H.
Published: September 2010

A number of C57BL/6 (B6) substrains are commonly used by scientists for basic biomedical research. One of several B6 strain-specific background diseases is focal alopecia that may resolve or progress to severe, ulcerative dermatitis. Clinical and progressive histologic changes of skin disease commonly observed in C57BL/6J and preliminary studies in other closely related substrains are presented. Lesions develop due to a primary follicular dystrophy with rupture of severely affected follicles leading to formation of secondary foreign body granulomas (trichogranulomas) in affected B6 substrains of mice. Histologically, these changes resemble the human disease called central centrifugal cicatrical alopecia (CCCA). Four B6 substrains tested have a polymorphism in alcohol dehydrogenase 4 ( Adh4) that reduces its activity and potentially affects removal of excess retinol. Using immunohistochemistry, differential expression of epithelial retinol dehydrogenase (DHRS9) was detected, which may partially explain anecdotal reports of frequency differences between B6 substrains. The combination of these 2 defects has the potential to make high dietary vitamin A levels toxic in some B6 substrains while not affecting most other commonly used inbred strains.
The Pathologist’s Slide Reveals More Than Meets the Eye
Authors: Couto S. S.
Published: September 2010

In the postgenomic era, the accumulation of massive amounts of molecular and genetic data is quickly transforming the landscape of cancer research. A deeper understanding of cancer biology will allow pathologists studying genetically engineered mouse models and spontaneous tumors to ask novel questions and provide useful insights into disease mechanisms. Although tumor suppressor gene loss is known to be an essential step in the pathogenesis of many tumors, the variety of mechanisms that lead to such loss are poorly understood. This article provides an overview of loss of heterozygosity as an important mechanism of tumor suppressor gene loss; it also emphasizes the importance of loss of heterozygosity detection as a tool for tumor suppressor gene discovery. Understanding the applications of the array of molecular techniques currently available in cancer research will enable pathologists to further contribute to the advancement the field.
A Murine Xenograft Model for a Transmissible Cancer in Tasmanian Devils
Authors: Kreiss A. , Tovar C. , Obendorf D. L. , Dun K. , Woods G. M.
Published: September 2010

The number of Tasmanian devils in the wild is rapidly declining owing to a transmissible cancer, devil facial tumor disease (DFTD). Although progress has been made to understand the spread of this disease, crucial research on the pathogenesis of DFTD has been limited because of the threatened status of the host species. Here, the authors describe the development of a NOD/SCID (nonobese diabetic / severe combined immunodeficiency) mouse model that reproduces DFTD and provides a much-needed model to undertake studies into this intriguing transmissible cancer. Histologically, the DFTD produced in NOD/SCID mice (xenografted DFTD) was indistinguishable from the DFTD identified in Tasmanian devils. At the protein level, all xenografted DFTD tumors expressed periaxin, a marker that confirmed the diagnosis of DFTD. The karyotype of DFTD in NOD/SCID mice reproduced similar chromosomal alterations as seen in diseased devils. Furthermore, each NOD/SCID mouse inoculated with cultured DFTD tumor cells developed tumors, whereas DFTD did not develop in any of the inoculated immune-competent BALB/c mice.
Inflammatory Response to Therapeutic Gold Bead Implantation in Canine Hip Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lie K.-I. , Jæger G. , Nordstoga K. , Moe L.
Published: September 2010

Inflammatory changes associated with periarticular pure gold bead implants were studied in dogs involved in a clinical trial investigating motor dysfunction and chronic pain owing to hip joint dysplasia and osteoarthritis. Gold beads were percutaneously implanted via a needle into different locations surrounding the greater trochanter of the femur. Nine dogs with implants were necropsied. In all examined animals, characteristic histologic lesions were observed in the tissue surrounding the gold implants—namely, a fibrous capsule composed of concentric fibroblasts intermixed with a variable number of inflammatory cells and a paucicellular innermost layer of collagen with a few fibrocyte-like cells in empty lacunae. Lymphocytes dominated the inflammatory infiltrate, with rarely observed macrophages present in close proximity to the implant site. No giant cells were observed. Immunohistochemistry showed mixed populations of lymphocytes, both CD3 positive (T cells) and CD79a positive (B cells), which in some cases formed lymphoid follicles. Diffuse inflammatory changes were present to a minor extent in the perimysium and surrounding fascia. The inflammation observed in dogs is similar to that observed with gold implants in humans. It is possible that the clinically beneficial effect of gold beads for chronic osteoarthritis depends on sustained localized inflammation with localized release of soluble mediators. The encapsulation of the implant by a paucicellular and poorly vascularized fibrous capsule may help prevent an exaggerated inflammatory reaction by sequestering the gold bead from the surrounding tissue.
Maxillary Ameloblastic Fibroma in a Dog
Authors: Miles C. R. , Bell C. M. , Pinkerton M. E. , Soukup J. W.
Published: September 2010

A 4-year-old spayed female Golden Retriever was presented for evaluation of a rostral maxillary gingival mass. An en bloc resection was performed after histologic diagnosis of ameloblastic fibroma from an incisional biopsy specimen. Histologically, the tumor was composed of (1) poorly differentiated vimentin-positive mesenchymal cells that surrounded islands and (2) thin anastomosing trabeculae of odontogenic epithelium that variably coexpressed pancytokeratin and vimentin. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of ameloblastic fibroma in a dog. The clinical, radiographic, and histologic findings in this case are compared to those in other domestic animals and humans.
A Case ofSRY-Positive 38,XY True Hermaphroditism (XY Sex Reversal) in a Cat
Authors: Schlafer D. H. , Valentine B. , Fahnestock G. , Froenicke L. , Grahn R. A. , Lyons L. A. , Meyers-Wallen V. N.
Published: September 2010

Investigation of abnormal sexual development in companion animals can allow for the elimination of inherited disorders from breeding populations while contributing to the understanding of the complex process of mammalian sexual development and differentiation. A 1-year-old mixed-breed cat, presented for neutering, was tentatively diagnosed as a male with bilateral cryptorchidism. During surgery, the surgeon identified gonads in an ovarian position and a complete bicornuate uterus. Both testicular and ovarian architecture in the gonads and Mullerian and Wolffian duct derivatives were identified histologically. The karyotype was that of a normal male (38,XY), and no causative mutation was identified in the feline SRY coding sequence amplified from genomic DNA. All features of the case were compatible with a diagnosis of SRY-positive 38,XY sex reversal, true hermaphrodite phenotype. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of this disorder in a domestic cat.
Occipital nerve stimulation for the treatment of intractable chronic migraine headache: ONSTIM feasibility study
Authors: Saper Joel R , Dodick David W , Silberstein Stephen D , McCarville Sally , Sun Mark , Goadsby Peter J
Published: September 2010

Background: Medically intractable chronic migraine (CM) is a disabling illness characterized by headache ≥15 days per month.

Methods: A multicenter, randomized, blinded, controlled feasibility study was conducted to obtain preliminary safety and efficacy data on occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) in CM. Eligible subjects received an occipital nerve block, and responders were randomized to adjustable stimulation (AS), preset stimulation (PS) or medical management (MM) groups.

Results: Seventy-five of 110 subjects were assigned to a treatment group; complete diary data were available for 66. A responder was defined as a subject who achieved a 50% or greater reduction in number of headache days per month or a three-point or greater reduction in average overall pain intensity compared with baseline. Three-month responder rates were 39% for AS, 6% for PS and 0% for MM. No unanticipated adverse device events occurred. Lead migration occurred in 12 of 51 (24%) subjects.

Conclusion: The results of this feasibility study offer promise and should prompt further controlled studies of ONS in CM.
Gender, Care Work, and the Complexity of Family Membership in Japan
Authors: Schultz Lee Kristen
Published: September 2010

This research investigates sociological ambivalence in negotiating care work in Japanese families. Women and their aging parents experience ambivalence based on conflicting norms of filial obligation, gender ideology, and cultural beliefs about the parent—child bond. Analysis of in-depth interview data showed ambivalence was based on (1) conflict between norms and cultural beliefs and (2) intergenerational differences in norms of caregiving. Not only are norms of care work in Japan gendered, but they also create conflicting demands for women who are torn among providing care for their parents, providing care for their in-laws, and changing expectations for women in contemporary Japan. In the families studied, norms of filial obligation were challenged, but gendered definitions of care work were left largely intact. These findings challenge theories of elder care that identify a hierarchy of preferred caregivers based on filial obligation and gender.
Normative Discrimination and the Motherhood Penalty
Authors: Benard Stephen , Correll Shelley J.
Published: September 2010

This research proposes and tests a new theoretical mechanism to account for a portion of the motherhood penalty in wages and related labor market outcomes. At least a portion of this penalty is attributable to discrimination based on the assumption that mothers are less competent and committed than other types of workers. But what happens when mothers definitively prove their competence and commitment? In this study, we examine whether mothers face discrimination in labor-market-type evaluations even when they provide indisputable evidence that they are competent and committed to paid work. We test the hypothesis that evaluators discriminate against highly successful mothers by viewing them as less warm, less likable, and more interpersonally hostile than otherwise similar workers who are not mothers. The results support this “normative discrimination” hypothesis for female but not male evaluators. The findings have important implications for understanding the nature and persistence of discrimination toward mothers.
Caring About Food
Authors: Cairns Kate , Johnston Josée , Baumann Shyon
Published: September 2010

This article draws on interviews with “foodies”—people with a passion for eating and learning about food—to explore questions of gender and foodie culture. The analysis suggests that while this culture is by no means gender-neutral, foodies are enacting gender in ways that warrant closer inspection. This article puts forward new empirical findings about gender and food and employs the concept of “doing gender” to explore how masculinities and femininities are negotiated in foodie culture. Our focus on doing gender generates two insights into gender and food work. First, we find that doing gender has different implications for men and women within foodie culture. Alongside evidence that foodies are contesting particular gendered relations within the food world, we explore how broader gender inequities persist. Second, we contend that opportunities for doing gender in foodie culture cannot be considered apart from class privilege.
Environmental Sustainability in an Aging Society: A Research Agenda
Authors: Pillemer Karl , Wells Nancy M. , Wagenet Linda P. , Meador Rhoda H. , Parise Jennifer T.
Published: September 2010

Objectives. This article presents the results of a multidisciplinary consensus conference held to recommend a research agenda on the relationship between aging and environmental sustainability and conservation. The intersection of these two topics has important implications for the health and well-being of older persons but it has thus far received little scientific attention. Methods. The consensus conference was conducted with gerontological experts from various disciplines and environmental scientists. Using a structured methodology, participants achieved consensus on recommendations for a research agenda on aging and environmental sustainability. Results. Eight major recommendations for research are detailed in this article as well as cross-cutting research themes affecting all areas, including racial and economic diversity, geographical region, cohort, and intergenerational linkages. Discussion. Given the vulnerability of older persons to environmental threats detailed by the consensus conference, conferees recommended that research on these topics be urgently promoted, both by researchers and by funding agencies.
Engaging Nonresident African American Fathers in Intervention Research: What Practitioners Should Know About Parental Monitoring in Nonresident Families
Authors: Howard Caldwell Cleopatra , Bell Lee , Brooks Cassandra L. , Ward Jasmine D. , Jennings Christopher
Published: September 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of African American nonresident fathers who engaged in parental monitoring and to assess the relationship between engaging in monitoring and race-related socialization with their preadolescent sons on their psychological well-being. We also examined the moderating influences of demographic factors on the effects of a parenting skills intervention for fathers. Methods: Data from the Fathers and Sons Program were used to examine the parenting behaviors and psychological well-being of 287 nonresident African American fathers of 8- to 12-year-old boys. Results: Fathers who were younger, had more education, engaged in race-related socialization, and were less depressed monitored their sons more. Parental monitoring explained additional variance in depressive symptoms, while race socialization was important for understanding personal mastery among fathers in unanticipated ways. Older fathers increased their race socialization behaviors most in the parenting skills intervention, while all fathers enhanced their monitoring ability. Applications: The findings suggest the significance of involving nonresident African American fathers more fully in their children’s lives as a way to not only protect their children but also improve men’s emotional well-being. The applications of our findings for social work and public health practice are discussed.
Impact of Training Program on School Nurses' Confidence Levels in Managing and Supporting Students With Epilepsy and Seizures
Authors: Austin Joan K. , Kakacek Jody R. M. , Carr Deborah
Published: September 2010

This article presents a quantitative assessment of the impact of an epilepsy-focused training program on school nurses. The Epilepsy Foundation and the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) created a training program titled “Managing Students with Seizures” to educate school nurses on strategies and resources that they can use to handle emergency situations effectively and to create a safe and supportive school environment for children with epilepsy and seizures. Before and after the training sessions, nurses answered questionnaires that measured their confidence levels in providing care for students with epilepsy and seizures; these questionnaires showed an improvement in nurses' confidence levels across all measures. Analysis was also carried out to identify program components and nurse subgroups associated with statistically significant improvements. An evaluation of satisfaction indicated overall satisfaction with the program. This article presents results from 1,080 complete surveys associated with the training in 2007.
Considerations on Mainstreaming Intersectionality
Authors: Dhamoon Rita Kaur
Published: September 2010

This article identifies five key considerations for adopting and mainstreaming intersectionality: the language and concepts that are used; the complexities of difference and how to navigate this complexity; the choice of focusing on identities, categories, processes, and/or systems; the model that is used to explain and describe mutually constituted differences; and the principles that determine which interactions are analyzed. The author argues that in the process of mainstreaming intersectionality, it is crucial to frame it as a form of social critique so as to foreground its radical capacity to attend to and disrupt oppressive vehicles of power.
What is Relevance? Defining Intersectional Praxis in Uruguay
Authors: Townsend-Bell Erica
Published: September 2010

This article examines intersectional praxis via a focus on what constitutes relevant axes of difference. The author argues that a discussion of relevance should focus on two important issues: (1) which categories are of analytic importance and (2) those categories that activists consider relevant. This approach allows for activist debates over the most important social divisions in society while establishing some minimal number of axes that must be included to qualify activism as intersectional. In the Uruguayan case, gender and class constitute minimally important axes of difference; however, race and, less centrally, sexuality and ability constitute central points of debate.
What’s in a Name? Coverage of Senator Hillary Clinton during the 2008 Democratic Primary
Authors: Uscinski Joseph E. , Goren Lilly J.
Published: September 2010

Throughout the 2008 Democratic primary, Senator Hillary Clinton, her supporters and advocates, feminist groups, and commentators accused the media of sexist coverage. Was Hillary Clinton treated differently in the media because of her gender? The authors attempt to answer this question by examining the forms of address that television newspeople use to refer to the Democratic primary candidates. The authors find that newspeople referred to Clinton more informally than her male competitors. This treatment stemmed from the gender of the broadcaster; males show gender bias in how they reference presidential candidates. The authors conclude with suggestions for addressing gender bias in news coverage.
Evaluation of methylene blue, thiamine, and/or albumin in the prevention of ifosfamide-related neurotoxicity
Authors: Richards Ashley , Marshall Helen , McQuary Amy
Published: September 2010

Summary. A serious adverse effect that can limit the utility of ifosfamide is neurotoxicity, known as ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy (IIE). Information regarding the usefulness of prophylactic administration of methylene blue, thiamine, and albumin to reduce the incidence of IIE is scarce. We present the results of a retrospective chart review evaluating the incidence of IIE in adult patients who received ifosfamide to treat sarcoma at the University of Washington within a 2-year period. Patients who received methylene blue, thiamine, and/or albumin were compared to patients who did not receive these prophylactic agents concurrently with ifosfamide. The primary objective was to evaluate if prophylaxis is associated with a reduced incidence of IIE. Identifying risk factors associated with IIE was a secondary objective. The cost of using prophylaxis with ifosfamide administration was reviewed.

Results. A total of 166 cycles were included. For the primary endpoint, more cycles in the prophylaxis group had patients with symptoms of IIE (21.1% in the prophylaxis group vs. 8.4% in the nonprophylaxis group); p = 0.026. The average number of risk factors per cycle was the same in each group; however, the type of risk factors differed.

Conclusions. Prophylaxis was not associated with a reduced incidence of IIE, and it does not appear to delay time to onset of symptoms at our institution. Results of this study provide no support for using methylene blue, thiamine, and/or albumin as routine prophylaxis when administering ifosfamide to adults with sarcoma.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Men in a Woman’s Job, Male Domestic Workers, International Migration and the Globalization of Care
Authors: Sarti Raffaella , Scrinzi Francesca
Published: September 2010

Very little scholarship exists, which investigates male domestic workers. Yet they constitute a highly interesting vantage point from which to analyze the gendered and racialized division of labor as well as the social constructions of masculinity in both contemporary societies and in the past. In several countries nowadays a large number of domestic workers are migrants. By focusing on men employed as domestic workers in different societies, in both the global North and the global South (Italy, France, United Kingdom, India, Ivory Coast, and Congo), the articles presented in this special issue investigate the gendered dimensions of globalization and international migration, while avoiding the essentialist association of ‘‘gender’’ with ‘‘women.’’ They cover a wide range of disciplines (sociology, anthropology, and history) and methodologies (both qualitative and quantitative). Despite this variety of themes and approaches, all identify domestic service as a site where ‘‘hegemonic’’ and ‘‘subaltern’’ masculinities are produced and negotiated at the interplay of multiple social relations. Therefore, they contribute to filling a gap in the recent scholarship about migrant domestic and care labor. Investigating male domestic workers’ practices and the social construction of masculinity within domestic service from the late nineteenth century to the current day, this special issue illustrates not only geographical but also historical variations.
Sri Lankan Men Working as Cleaners and Carers: Negotiating Masculinity in Naples
Authors: Näre Lena
Published: September 2010

Drawing on an intersectional approach, the article examines how Sri Lankan domestic workers’ masculinities are constructed and negotiated in conjunction with race and ethnicity by Neapolitan employers and the male domestic workers themselves. The article discusses how Neapolitan employers construct Sri Lankan masculinity as effeminate, asexual, and unthreatening and how these Sri Lankan men themselves strategically exploit these stereotypes in gaining access to jobs that are socially constructed as women’s work. However, in relation to their own community and families, and quite contrary to the Neapolitan employers’ stereotypes, Sri Lankan men negotiate rather hegemonic and traditional notions of masculinity. The article draws on ethnographic research conducted in Naples including participant observation within the Sri Lankan community and in-depth interviews with Sri Lankan male and female domestic workers, as well as with Neapolitan employers of Sri Lankan male domestic workers. By looking at the experiences of these migrant men, the article contributes to the understanding of how intersectional categories work in different and often contractory ways in the everyday negotiations of subjectivities. The article draws our attention to how racial and ethnic differences can be strategically deployed by the members of a specific group. It also concludes that there is no fixed notion of Sri Lankan masculinity. Rather, it is contextualized and constructed quite differently by Neapolitan employers and Sri Lankan men themselves.
Male Servants and the Failure of Patriarchy in Kolkata (Calcutta)
Authors: Qayum Seemin , Ray Raka
Published: September 2010

This article considers questions of patriarchy, masculinity, and male servants in Kolkata’s culture of servitude. Through narratives of men servants and women servants, the ‘‘failure of patriarchy’’ is analyzed, set against hegemonic patriarchal ideologies and hierarchies. Contextualization for these narratives was provided by extensive ethnographic fieldwork in Kolkata, including a survey of 500 middle-class households. When women servants narrate their lives, it is inevitably the failure of patriarchs—fathers, husbands, and brothers—to perform their prescribed familial and social functions and duties that has led to their unfortunate circumstances. Thus, women servants end up taking on ‘‘patriarchal’’ responsibilities of supporting their households. Simultaneously, men servants express with resignation their own as well as their fathers’, and often their sons’, inability to properly make a living. Indeed, male servants think of themselves as failed patriarchs, dependent on stigmatized work to make a living, and feel doubly diminished. Finally, we examine how some male servants have reconfigured the patriarchy of servants through a reevaluation of the terms of work, status, and dependency.
Men and Domestic Labor: A Missing Link in the Global Care Chain
Authors: Kilkey Majella
Published: September 2010

This article develops Manalansan’s critique that the concept of global care chains, while feminizing scholarship on the relationship between migration and globalization, has been less successful at gendering it, in part because it largely ignores men. The article responds to this gap by focusing on male domestic workers. The focus is such, however, that a new dimension to the emerging research agenda on male domestic workers is suggested. Thus, it is argued that in addition to examining how men are implicated in the global redistribution of stereotypically female tasks of domestic labor, we need to broaden our conceptualization of social reproduction to interrogate the ways in which stereotypically male areas of domestic work, such as gardening and household repair and maintenance, are embedded in global care chains. The argument is based on a review of the existing literature, as well as findings emerging from the author and colleague’s on-going exploration in the United Kingdom, using quantitative and qualitative research methods, of the scale, characteristics, dynamics, and drivers of the commoditization of specifically male tasks of social reproduction and their displacement onto migrant men.
Different HLA class II (DRB1 and DQB1) alleles determine either susceptibility or resistance to NMO and multiple sclerosis among the French Afro-Caribbean population
Authors: Deschamps R , Paturel L , Jeannin S , Chausson N , Olindo S , Béra O , Bellance R , Smadja D , Césaire D , Cabre P
Published: September 2010

Background:Despite similarities, neuromyelitis optica (NMO) can be distinguished from multiple sclerosis (MS) by clinical, radiological and serological findings.

Objective:This case-control study aimed to determine whether patients with NMO or with MS in an Afro-Caribbean population originating from French West Indies shared the same or different HLA class I and II pattern distribution.

Methods:The association with HLA class II (DRB1 and DQB1) alleles was tested in 42 NMO patients, 163 MS patients and 150 healthy controls. HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 typing was undertaken on genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes.

Results:By comparison with healthy controls, significantly increased frequency of HLA-DRB1*03 (26.2% vs. 13%, odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.31–4.28, p after correction, cp 0.045) was observed in patients with NMO. By contrast, in MS patients, HLA-DRB1*15 (24.8% vs. 13%, odds ratio 2.21, 95% CI 1.45–3.36, cp < 0.0015), but not DRB1*03 allele, was positively associated with the disease. Moreover, a modest protective effect of HLA-DRB1*11 in the MS group, independently of DRB1*15 association, was found (13.7% vs. 7% in controls, odds ratio 0.48, p 0.006), but did not survive Bonferroni correction.

Conclusion:In conclusion, comparison of the HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 distribution in NMO and MS in this Afro-Caribbean population shows important differences in the HLA associations among NMO and MS.
Solution-focused therapy in an Emergency Room setting: Increasing hope in persons presenting with suicidal ideation
Authors: Kondrat David C , Teater Barbra
Published: September 2010

• Summary: One-third or more of persons presenting to Emergency Rooms (ER)/Accident and Emergency departments in psychiatric emergencies report experiencing suicidal ideations. A critical task for hospital-based practitioners is to assess the lethality of the situation to determine whether the person should be hospitalized. Practitioners often employ standardized assessment instruments to assist in determining the suicidal risk factors, yet such measures often fail to recognize or consider the following: 1) the relative importance of the therapeutic process in creating meaningful therapeutic change; 2) the quality of the therapeutic encounter in the ER; and 3) follow-through with the community referral process.

• Findings: This article proposes the use of the actual ER encounter between client and practitioner to work with suicidal risk factors that are amenable to immediate therapeutic change. Using a therapy approach that can positively impact a client's level of hopelessness and allow for the assessment of suicide risk can work to ensure that an appropriate hospitalization disposition is reached.

• Application: This article details how the use of solution-focused therapy provides one avenue for assessing suicide risk and how the therapeutic intervention, which has not been subjected to the scrutiny of empirical research, can serve as an opportunity for increasing hope.
The Meaning ofIoudaiosand its Relationship to Other Group Labels in Ancient ‘Judaism’
Authors: Miller David M.
Published: September 2010

This article, the first in a two-part series, describes and critically evaluates major contributions in the last seventy years of scholarship on the relationship between Ioudaios (‘Jew’ or ‘Judaean’) and other group labels.The first section examines the common suggestion that Ioudaios was an outsider label, and ‘Israel’ an insider label. The second section surveys explanations of the relationship between Ioudaios and other terms such as ‘Galilaean’, ‘Idumaean’ and ‘Ituraean’, evaluating them in light of the evidence from Josephus. The conclusion sketches the decline of religion and rise of ethnicity as interpretive categories in scholarship on Ioudaios, and raises questions about the meaning of the term that require further discussion. The second article in this series will analyse the use of religion and ethnicity in scholarship on the meaning of Ioudaios, and evaluate the debate over the term’s English translation.
The Pistis Christou Debate: Main Arguments and Responses in Summary
Authors: Easter Matthew C.
Published: September 2010

The πíστiς Xρiστoȗ ( pistis Christou) debate continues to be a lively point of scholarly interest. While a vast amount of literature appears on the subject, interpreters often repeat a few main arguments in support of their position. This essay discusses the main exegetical arguments for the two major sides in the pistis Christou debate and how others have responded to the arguments. Arguments for the objective genitive are treated first, followed by those for the subjective genitive. The essay closes with a discussion of the way interpreters have relied on their prior understanding of the larger concept of Paul’s theology as the decisive argument for their position. As such, the essay finds that this larger hermeneutical question of the nature of Paul’s gospel is the true locus of the pistis Christou debate.
The Letter to Titus in Recent Scholarship: A Critical Overview
Authors: Genade Aldred A.
Published: September 2010

A review of literature over the last two decades suggests that the letter to Titus is inching away from the suffocating influence of the Timothean correspondence. Caged together with 1 and 2 Timothy, the individual voice of Titus went largely unappreciated. This trend is in decline. For example, scholars are now investigating the theology and structure ‘of Titus’ rather than of ‘the Pastorals’. Furthermore, even in terms of methodological interests, there seems to be a transition with at least one article applying rhetorical analysis to the text. This overview surveys these trends by engaging critically with the literature, highlighting the burgeoning appreciation for the individuality of the letter independent from 1 and 2 Timothy. While the trends are encouraging, the study reveals that comparatively little has been done. Put differently, it is hoped that this overview will stimulate further interest in the letter to Titus.
The Individual and Community in Twentieth- and Twenty-first-Century Pauline Scholarship
Authors: Dunson Ben C.
Published: September 2010

Rudolf Bultmann’s existential approach to New Testament theology found many supporters in the twentieth century. It also provoked a forceful response from his student Ernst Käsemann, who insisted that Bultmann’s individualizing interpretation, especially of Paul, was defective on exegetical, theological and philosophical grounds, because it ignored Paul’s cosmic and communal theology. The debate between these two scholars has been furthered quite vigorously in subsequent Pauline scholarship. Most scholars have followed Käsemann’s lead (directly or not) in reading Paul in a comprehensively, and, often, exclusively communal fashion. However, recent voices have questioned whether the communal reaction against Bultmannian existentialism may be one-sided, and may obscure other, equally important facets of Paul’s thought. This article surveys the debate between Bultmann and Käsemann, and the trajectories it has taken since, with special attention directed towards the most pressing interpretive issues related to the place of the individual and community in Pauline thought.
A Training Paradigm to Enhance Motor Recovery in Contused Rats
Authors: Singh Anita , Murray Marion , Houle John D.
Published: September 2010

Background. Ambulating on stairs is an important aspect of daily activities for many individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), and little is known about the effect of training for this specific task. Objective. The goal of this study was to determine whether staircase ascent training enhances motor recovery in animals with contusion injury. Methods. Rats received a midthoracic contusion lesion of moderate severity and were randomly divided into 2 groups, with one group receiving staircase ascent training for up to 8 weeks and the other receiving no training. To assess the direct effect of training, a task-specific staircase climbing test was performed. Open field test (BBB) and gait analysis (CatWalk) assessed overground recovery, and a grid test was used to assess improvement in sensorimotor tasks. Changes in muscle mass of the forelimb and hindlimb muscles were also measured, and the extent of spared white matter was determined for lesion verification and anatomical correlations. Results. Staircase training improved the task-specific performance of ascent. Gait parameters, including base of support, stride length, regularity index (RI), and step sequence, also improved. Overground locomotion and the grid test, both showed a trend of improved performance. Finally, hindlimb muscle mass was maintained with training. Conclusions. Staircase ascent training after incomplete SCI has beneficial effects on task-specific as well as nonspecific motor and sensorimotor activities.
Cutaneous GVHD is associated with the expansion of tissue-localized Th1 and not Th17 cells
Authors: Broady Raewyn , Yu Jie , Chow Vickie , Tantiworawit Adisak , Kang Christine , Berg Kyra , Martinka Magdalena , Ghoreishi Mehran , Dutz Jan , Levings Megan K.
Published: September 2010

Studies in mice have shown that proinflammatory Th17 cells can cause acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) related tissue damage; however, whether they play a role in human aGVHD remains unclear. In a prospective study, we measured the proportion of Th17 cells in the blood and skin of patients at the onset of aGVHD. We found no difference in the proportion or amount of IL-17 produced by T cells in the blood of patients with aGVHD (n = 20) compared with time-matched patients without GVHD (n = 14). Moreover, Th17 cells were not increased in the skin of patients with cutaneous aGVHD (n = 7) compared with healthy controls (n = 10). In contrast, we found significantly more interferon-γ–producing T cells in the skin of patients with aGVHD compared with controls. These data support the long-standing paradigm that tissue localized interferon-γ–producing cells are the perpetrators of aGVHD.
Immunohistological detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the Alzheimer's disease brain
Authors: Hammond Christine J , Hallock Loretta R , Howanski Raymond J , Appelt Denah M , Little C Scott , Balin Brian J
Published: September 2010

Background

Sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) appears to evolve from an interplay between genetic and environmental factors. One environmental factor that continues to be of great interest is that of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and its association with late-onset disease. Detection of this organism in clinical and autopsy samples has proved challenging using a variety of molecular and histological techniques. Our current investigation utilized immunohistochemistry with a battery of commercially available anti-C. pneumoniae antibodies to determine whether C. pneumoniae was present in areas typically associated with AD neuropathology from 5 AD and 5 non-AD control brains.

Results

Immunoreactivity for C. pneumoniae antigens was observed both intracellularly in neurons, neuroglia, endothelial cells, and peri-endothelial cells, and extracellularly in the frontal and temporal cortices of the AD brain with multiple C. pneumoniae-specific antibodies. This immunoreactivity was seen in regions of amyloid deposition as revealed by immunolabeling with two different anti-beta amyloid antibodies. Thioflavin S staining, overlaid with C. pneumoniae immunolabeling, demonstrated no direct co-localization of the organism and amyloid plaques. Further, the specificity of C. pneumoniae labeling of AD brain sections was demonstrated using C. pneumoniae antibodies pre-absorbed against amyloid β 1-40 and 1-42 peptides.

Conclusions

Anti-C. pneumoniae antibodies, obtained commercially, identified both typical intracellular and atypical extracellular C. pneumoniae antigens in frontal and temporal cortices of the AD brain. C. pneumoniae, amyloid deposits, and neurofibrillary tangles were present in the same regions of the brain in apposition to one another. Although additional studies are required to conclusively characterize the nature of Chlamydial immunoreactivity in the AD brain, these results further implicate C. pneumoniae infection with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Association of CACNG6 polymorphisms with aspirin-intolerance asthmatics in a Korean population
Authors: Lee Jin Sol , Kim Jeong-Hyun , Bae Joon Seol , Kim Jason Yongha , Park Tae Joon , Pasaje Charisse Flerida , Park Byung-Lae , Cheong Hyun Sub , Uh Soo-Taek , Park Jong-Sook , Jang An-Soo , Kim Mi-Kyeong , Choi Inseon S , Park Choon-Sik , Shin Hyoung Doo
Published: September 2010

Background

Aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA) occurs in the lower and upper airways through excessive production of leukotrienes upon administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). One of the three symptoms of AIA is nasal polyposis, a chronic inflammatory disease that is related to the function of calcium ion in recruitment of immune cells during airway inflammation. It has been implicated that bronchodilation in the airway is related to Ca(2+) regulation. The calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 6 (CACNG6) gene encodes a protein that stabilizes the calcium channel.

Methods

To study the associations between AIA and polymorphisms in CACNG6 gene, eight variants were genotyped in 102 AIA cases and 429 aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) controls. Logistic analyses were used to evaluate the associations of CACNG6 polymorphisms with AIA.

Results

Statistical analyses revealed that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs192808C > T; P = 0.0004, P

corr
= 0.0029, OR = 2.88 in co-dominant model; P = 0.0005, P

corr
= 0.0036, OR = 2.99 in dominant model) in intron and a haplotype unique to this variant (CACNG6_BL1_ht6; P = 0.003, P

corr
= 0.02, OR = 2.57 in co-dominant model, P = 0.001, P

corr
= 0.0087, OR = 2.81 in dominant model) were significantly associated with the risk of AIA.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the CACNG6 variants might be associated with the risk of AIA in a Korean population.
Triple-negative, basal-like, and quintuple-negative breast cancers: better prediction model for survival
Authors: Choi Yoon-La , Oh Ensel , Park Sarah , Kim Yeonju , Park Yeon-Hee , Song Kyoung , Cho Eun Yoon , Hong Yun-Chul , Choi Jong Sun , Lee Jeong Eon , Kim Jung Han , Nam Seok Jin , Im Young-Hyuck , Yang Jung-Hyun , Shin Young Kee
Published: September 2010

Background

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) and basal-like breast cancers (BLBCs) are known as poor outcome subtypes with a lack of targeted therapy. Previous studies have shown conflicting results regarding the difference of prognostic significance between TNBCs and BLBCs. In this study, we aimed to characterize the prognostic features of TNBCs, in view of BLBCs and quintuple-negative breast cancers (QNBC/5NPs).

Methods

Using tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical analysis, we categorized 951 primary breast cancers into four or five subtypes according to the expression of ER, PR, HER2, and basal markers (CK5/6, EGFR).

Results

The results of this study showed that both TNBCs and BLBCs were associated with high histological and/or nuclear grades. When the TNBCs are divided into two subtypes by the presence of basal markers, the clinicopathologic characteristics of TNBCs were mainly maintained in the BLBCs. The 5-subgrouping was the better prediction model for both disease free and overall survival in breast cancers than the 4-subgrouping. After multivariate analysis of TNBCs, the BLBCs did not have a worse prognosis than the QNBC/5NPs. Interestingly, the patients with BLBCs showed significant adjuvant chemotherapy benefit. In addition, QNBC/5NPs comprised about 6~8% of breast cancers in publicly available breast cancer datasets

Conclusion

The QNBC/5NP subtype is a worse prognostic subgroup of TNBCs, especially in higher stage and this result may be related to adjuvant chemotherapy benefit of BLBCs, calling for caution in the identification of subgroups of patients for therapeutic classification.