bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of preoperative optimization of the nutritional status on the improvement of short‐term outcomes after liver transplantation? A review of the literature and expert panel recommendations
Authors: Victor David W. , Zanetto Alberto , Montano‐Loza Aldo J. , Heimbach Julie K. , Towey Jennifer , Spiro Michael , Raptis Dimitri Aristotle , Burra Patrizia ,   the ERAS4OLT.org Working Group
Published: March 2022

Background

Malnutrition is a known risk factor for postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients awaiting liver transplantation (LT). Malnutrition is a potentially reversible risk factor, though there are no clear guidelines on the best mechanism for an improvement. It also remains unclear if preoperative nutritional interventions have benefits to post‐transplant outcomes for transplant recipients.

Objectives

Primary objective: To identify if preoperative optimization of nutritional status is associated with improved short‐term outcomes after LT. Secondary Objectives: To determine if preoperative improvement of malnutrition improves short‐term outcomes after LT, as well as if weight loss in obese patients affects short‐term outcomes after LT.

Data sources

Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central.

Methods

Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and recommendations using the GRADE approach derived from an international expert panel. POSPERO Protocol ID: CRD42021237450

Results

3851 records were identified in searching the databases, 3843 records were excluded by not fulfilling eligibility criteria. Seven full‐text articles were included for the final analysis of which three were randomized controlled trials, one was prospective observational studies, and three were retrospective observational studies. No appreciable difference in mortality, post‐transplant complication rate was noted across the studies. Length of stay (LOS) was noted to be shorter in two observational studies of Vitamin D deficiency in liver transplant patients.

Conclusions

We have made a weak recommendation supporting pre‐transplant nutritional supplementation due to possible benefit in reducing LOS as well as the lack of harm (Quality of Evidence low | Grade of Recommendation; Weak). No effective conclusions were reached for the secondary objectives due to the conflicting evidence.
How fine needle aspiration cytology and flow cytometry helped in diagnosing a high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma masquerading as leukaemia
Authors: Mazumder Sujaya , Murugan Roobashri , Manivannan Prabhu , Gochhait Debasis , Basu Debdata
Published: March 2022

High‐grade B‐cell lymphoma (HGBL) has recently been introduced into the category of aggressive, mature B‐cell lymphomas. It is biologically different from diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma and exhibits an aggressive course. Leukaemic presentation, though known in various types of mature B‐cell and mature T‐cell lymphomas, is rare in high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma. We report one such case of a high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma which was masquerading as acute leukaemia with a soft tissue infiltration, with added emphasis on the role of fine needle aspiration cytology and flow cytometry in the diagnosis, and their therapeutic significance.
When it's not easy to do the right thing: Developmental changes in understanding cost drive evaluations of moral praiseworthiness
Authors: Zhao Xin , Kushnir Tamar
Published: March 2022

Recent work identified a shift in judgments of moral praiseworthiness that occurs late in development: adults recognize the virtue of moral actions that involve resolving an inner conflict between moral desires and selfish desires. Children, in contrast, praise agents who do the right thing in the absence of inner conflict. This finding stands in contrast with other work showing that children incorporate notions of cost and effort into their social reasoning. Using a modified version of Starmans and Bloom's (2016) vignettes, we show that understanding the virtue of costly moral action precedes understanding the virtue of resolving inner conflict. In two studies (N = 192 children, range = 4.00–9.95 years; and N = 193 adults), we contrasted a character who paid a personal cost (psychological in Study 1, physical in Study 2) to perform a moral action with another who acted morally without paying a cost. We found a developmental progression; 8‐ and 9‐year‐old children and adults recognized the praiseworthiness of moral actions that are psychologically or physically costly. Six‐ and 7‐year‐old children only recognized the praiseworthiness of moral actions that are physically costly, but not actions that are psychologically costly. Moreover, neither adults nor children inferred that paying a cost to act morally required having a moral desire or resolving inner conflict. These results suggest that both adults and children conceptualize obligation as a direct motivational force on actions. They further suggest that costly choice—a hallmark of moral agency—is implicated in judgments of praiseworthiness early in development.
Early incisor lesions and Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis: Reliability of radiographic findings
Authors: Albers Louisa , Albers Jonas , Dullin Christian , Staszyk Carsten , Bienert‐Zeit Astrid
Published: March 2022

Background

In clinical practice, early diagnosis of Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH) and other resorptive incisor diseases is difficult to achieve. The radiographic appearance of subtle pathological changes has not been described in detail and might be confused with age‐related changes.

Objectives

The study was performed to define typical radiographic signs of early incisor lesions and to evaluate the reliability of the radiographic findings.

Study design

Descriptive and comparative study using post mortem clinical, radiographic, macroscopic and µCT examination.

Methods

The incisor region of 20 cadaveric horse heads, divided into three different age groups, was examined visually and by palpation. Intraoral radiographs were taken. After extraction, each incisor was macroscopically evaluated. Micro‐computed tomography (µCT) scans were obtained. These scans were processed with Scry (v6.0, Kuchel & Sautter GbR) to obtain surface meshes which then were transferred to Meshlab (ISTI‐CNR, version 2016.12). Attached tissues were virtually removed and surface curvature was computed to visualise and evaluate the quantity of unevenness (roughness) of the teeth's surface.

Scoring systems for each diagnostic modality were developed. Scores were compared to describe and evaluate the radiographic appearance of early incisor lesions.

Results

The prevalence and severity of incisor lesions increased with age. Early, subtle lesions develop on the palatal/lingual side of incisors. While radiographically detected lesions were confirmed macroscopically and on the µCT scans, numerous teeth which were radiographically classified as healthy displayed lesions by macroscopic inspection (13.7%) and µCT analysis (58.1%).

Main limitations

Cadavers were studied and dental history was unknown.

Conclusions

The detection of early and subtle incisor lesions indicating first signs of EOTRH on dorsoventral intraoral radiographs is limited due to the typical localisation of the lesions on the palatal/lingual side of the incisors.
COVID‐19 and the relationships and involvement of nonresident fathers
Authors: Adamsons Kari
Published: March 2022

Objective

To support nonresident fathers in maintaining involvement and relationships with their children during the COVID‐19 pandemic, we must understand how such fathers have been impacted thus far by the pandemic.

Background

All families have been impacted by the pandemic, but fathers who do not reside with their children are particularly likely to be negatively impacted. Social distancing, restrictions on travel, job loss/economic downturn, family court closures, and numerous other effects of the COVID‐19 crisis impact the ability of nonresident fathers to maintain relationships and involvement with their children.

Method

The current study analyzed retrospective data from 373 nonresident U.S. fathers to assess perceived parenting and coparenting changes during the pandemic, as well as whether coparenting relationships and mental health were associated with their involvement and relationships with their children.

Results

On average, fathers' involvement, father–child relationship quality, and coparenting support declined, but wide variability also existed, with a substantial minority of fathers reporting increased involvement. Coparenting support was positively associated with current levels of involvement and relationship quality as well as changes to both since the pandemic, but mental health was inconsistently associated with outcomes.

Conclusion and Implications

To keep these average declines from becoming permanent, future research should investigate what factors foster higher involvement and improved relationships. Practitioners should offer additional support to nonresident fathers to promote their involvement and relationships in ways compatible with evolving restrictions.
Changes in sea ice and range expansion of sperm whales in the eclipse sound region of Baffin Bay, Canada
Authors: Posdaljian Natalie , Soderstjerna Caroline , Jones Joshua M. , Solsona‐Berga Alba , Hildebrand John A. , Westdal Kristin , Ootoowak Alex , Baumann‐Pickering Simone
Published: March 2022

Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are a cosmopolitan species but are only found in ice‐free regions of the ocean. It is unknown how their distribution might change in regions undergoing rapid loss of sea ice and ocean warming like Baffin Bay in the eastern Canadian Arctic. In 2014 and 2018, sperm whales were sighted near Eclipse Sound, Baffin Bay: the first recorded uses of this region by sperm whales. In this study, we investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of sperm whales near Eclipse Sound using visual and acoustic data. We combine several published open‐source, data sets to create a map of historical sperm whale presence in the region. We use passive acoustic data from two recording sites between 2015 and 2019 to investigate more recent presence in the region. We also analyze regional trends in sea ice concentration (SIC) dating back to 1901 and relate acoustic presence of sperm whales to the mean SIC near the recording sites. We found no records of sperm whale sightings near Eclipse Sound outside of the 2014/2018 observations. Our acoustic data told a different story, with sperm whales recorded yearly from 2015 to 2019 with presence in the late summer and fall months. Sperm whale acoustic presence increased over the 5‐year study duration and was closely related to the minimum SIC each year. Sperm whales, like other cetaceans, are ecosystem sentinels, or indicators of ecosystem change. Increasing number of days with sperm whale presence in the Eclipse Sound region could indicate range expansion of sperm whales as a result of changes in sea ice. Monitoring climate change‐induced range expansion in this region is important to understand how increasing presence of a top‐predator might impact the Arctic food web.
New Calcium Carbonate Nano‐particulate Pressed Powder Pellet (NFHS‐2‐NP) for LA‐ICP‐OES, LA‐(MC)‐ICP‐MS and µXRF
Authors: Boer Wim , Nordstad Simon , Weber Michael , Mertz‐Kraus Regina , Hönisch Bärbel , Bijma Jelle , Raitzsch Markus , Wilhelms‐Dick Dorothee , Foster Gavin L. , Goring‐Harford Heather , Nürnberg Dirk , Hauff Folkmar , Kuhnert Henning , Lugli Federico , Spero Howie , Rosner Martin , van Gaever Piet , de Nooijer Lennart J. , Reichart Gert‐Jan
Published: March 2022

A new matrix‐matched reference material has been developed – NFHS‐2‐NP (NIOZ Foraminifera House Standard‐2‐Nano‐Pellet) – with element mass fractions, and isotope ratios resembling that of natural foraminiferal calcium carbonate. A 180–355 µm size fraction of planktic foraminifera was milled to nano‐particles and pressed to pellets. We report reference and information values for mass fractions of forty‐six elements measured by six laboratories as well as for 87Sr/86Sr (three laboratories), δ13C, δ18O (five laboratories) and 206,207,208Pb/204Pb isotope ratios (one laboratory) determined by ICP‐MS, ICP‐OES, MC‐ICP‐MS, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, WD‐XRF and TIMS. Inter‐ and intra‐pellet elemental homogeneity was tested using multiple LA‐ICP‐MS analyses in two laboratories applying spot sizes of 60 and 70 µm. The LA‐ICP‐MS results for most of the elements relevant as proxies for palaeoclimate research show RSD values < 3%, demonstrating a satisfactory homogeneous composition. Homogeneity of 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the pellet was verified by repeated LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS by two laboratories. Information values are reported for Pb isotope ratios and δ13C, δ18O values. The homogeneity for these isotope systems remains to be tested by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS and secondary‐ion mass spectrometry. Overall, our results confirm the suitability of NFHS‐2‐NP for calibration or monitoring the quality of in situ geochemical techniques.
Improved stability and skin penetration through glycethosomes loaded with glycyrrhetinic acid
Authors: Zhang YaQi , Liang Rong , Liu Chunhuan , Yang Cheng
Published: March 2022

Objective

In recent years, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) has been popularly used in cosmetics because of its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant effects. However, due to the poor water solubility of GA and the barrier effect of human skin, the penetration of GA through the skin may be hindered. Liposomes are a common delivery system for functional compounds in cosmetics. Nonetheless, the stability and transdermal effect of traditional liposomes are limited. The aim of this work was to prepare a new liposome system that contained glycerol and ethanol to enhance the stability of the vesicles and promote the penetration of GA into the skin.

Methods

The glycethosomes were prepared by ethanol injection and sonication method. The effects of different concentrations of glycerol and ethanol on the particle size, polydispersity (PDI), entrapment efficiency (EE), stability and rheological properties of vesicles were evaluated. Lipophilic and hydrophilic fluorescent probes were used to investigate the microviscosity of vesicles. In vitro permeation tests were performed with pig skin in Franz cells and the concentration of GA in different skin layers was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ability of different vesicles to induce lipid extraction and fluidization was analysed by using attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR).

Results

When glycerol was 50% and ethanol was 25%, the obtained glycethosomes had the smallest particle size and the best stability with a mean particle size of 94.5 nm, PDI 0.216 and 99.8% EE. Fluorescence probe studies indicated that the microviscosity of glycethosomes was the largest when the concentration of glycerol and ethanol was 50% and 25%, which was consistent with the storage stability of glycethosomes. It was found that the glycethosomes had the best transdermal effect and the total skin permeation percentage of GA was 20.67%, while those of ethosomes, glycerosomes, liposomes and dispersion were 10.56%, 9.38%, 7.78% and 5.02%, respectively. And glycethosomes had effectively lipid extraction and fluidization effect on the skin stratum corneum.

Conclusion

Compared with other traditional liposomes, glycethosomes can significantly improve the stability of vesicles and the transdermal effect of GA. Glycethosomes is promising vesicles for the delivery of GA.
Can initial trust boost intention to purchase Ayurveda products? A theory of consumption value (TCV) perspective
Authors: Chakraborty Debarun , Siddiqui Mujahid , Siddiqui Aaliyah
Published: March 2022

The demand for Ayurveda products has been increasing over the last decade, and consumption values are critical in understanding the driving forces behind the success of these products. This study examines an initial‐trust–mediated model using theory of consumption values (TCV) to predict consumer's intention to purchase Ayurveda products. The conditional, functional, emotional, epistemic, and social values in the TCV were used to build an initial‐trust–mediated model. The proposed model was analyzed using a sample of 440 usable responses. The outcomes revealed that the five consumption values used in the model influenced initial trust. Intention to purchase Ayurveda products was found to be influenced by the four consumption values, except social values. Initial trust strongly mediated the effect between consumption values and intention to purchase Ayurveda products. This study provides theoretical, practical, and managerial implications for marketers and other professionals in the natural, eco‐friendly, and green products sector.
Does u.v. light affect the total phenolic compound, anthocyanin, antioxidant capacity, and sensory profiles in wines?
Authors: Tahmaz Hande , Yüksel Küskü Damla
Published: March 2022

In the study, by applying ultraviolet (u.v.) lights (254 nm) for 45 min to red wines from fermented Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Petit Verdot (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes, we examined the total phenolic compound, total anthocyanin, and antioxidant capacity by four different methods, trans‐resveratrol, (+)‐catechin, gallic acid content, and the change in tasting profiles of the wines after application. According to the results of the research, the u.v.‐C application has caused an increase in all parameters examined. If we talk about averages without distinguishing between varieties, after the application the total phenolic compound content of 3206 increased to 3356 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per L and after u.v.‐C application, the total anthocyanin content increased from 411 to 780 mg L−1, the ABTS [2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethyl‐benzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid)] value increased from 30 to 33 μmol trolox mL−1, the DPPH ((2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) level increased from 13 to 16 μmol trolox mL−1, the FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) level increased from 15 to 16 μmol trolox mL−1, and the CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) level increased from 40 to 45 μmol trolox mL−1. The u.v. application affected trans‐resveratrol the most among the phenolic compounds and an average increase of 12.99% was obtained. The rate of increase after u.v. application was 3.33% in (+)‐catechin and 5.57% in gallic acid. The highest correlation between antioxidant activity measurement methods was measured to be 0.998 between FRAP and DPPH. In addition, u.v.‐C application has had a positive effect on taste‐based sensory profiles. In recent years, the search for a diet with a high antioxidant content has become even more important.
Compassionate, collective or transformational nursing leadership to ensure fundamentals of care are achieved: A new challenge ornon‐sequitur?
Authors: Pattison Natalie , Corser Rachael
Published: March 2022

Aims

This discursive paper draws on three key leadership theories with the aim of outlining how styles of leadership impact the provision of fundamentals of care.

Design

Discussion paper.

Data sources

key leadership theories, leadership and fundamentals of care literature.

Implications for Nursing

The conceptualization of fundamentals of care is viewed through the lens of nursing leadership, and collective, compassionate and transformational leadership theory. The cognitive dissonance that nursing leaders encounter when trying to reconcile organizational, patient and nurses' needs is considered, and the pressure to deliver high‐quality fundamentals of care presents a challenge to nurse leaders.

Conclusion

Leaders must align nursing and patient outcome data to drive forward and prioritize fundamental care. Focusing on key elements of relational leadership styles will ensure a workforce fit to provide fundamental care, which in the current climate must be an organizational and global nursing priority.

Impact

This discussion attempts to draw together overlapping leadership theories, emphasizes the importance of relational leadership in ensuring the provision of the fundamentals of care and acknowledged the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on nurses and nursing care, with leadership implications outlined, such as a need for role‐modelling, understanding shared values and giving nurses a voice. It will have an impact on nurse leaders, but also on those nurses providing direct care by issuing a challenge for them to confront their own nurse leaders, and to ask that they better resolve competing needs of both the nursing workforce and patients.
Prognostic value of non‐resistant and resistant masked uncontrolled hypertension detected by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Authors: Coccina Francesca , Pierdomenico Anna M. , Cuccurullo Chiara , Pizzicannella Jacopo , Guagnano Maria T. , Renda Giulia , Trubiani Oriana , Cipollone Francesco , Pierdomenico Sante D.
Published: March 2022

Masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH) is at higher cardiovascular risk than controlled hypertension (CH). In previous studies, patients with MUCH were considered as a unique group though those receiving ≤2 drugs could be defined as having nonresistant MUCH (NRMUCH) and those receiving ≥3 drugs as having resistant MUCH (RMUCH). The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of NRMUCH and RMUCH detected by ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Cardiovascular risk was evaluated in 738 treated hypertensive patients with normal clinic BP. Patients were classified as having CH or MUCH if daytime BP < or ≥ 135/85 mmHg, respectively, regardless of nighttime BP, or CH or MUCH if 24‐h BP < or ≥ 130/80 mmHg, respectively, regardless of daytime or nighttime BP. By daytime or 24‐h BP, the authors detected 523 (71%), 178 (24%), and 37 (5%) or 463 (63%), 231 (31%), and 44 (6%) patients with CH, NRMUCH, and RMUCH, respectively. During the follow‐up (median 10 years), 148 events occurred. After adjustment for covariates, compared to CH, the hazard ratio (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI), for cardiovascular events was 1.81, 1.27–2.57, and 2.99, 1.73–5.16, in NRMUCH and RMUCH defined by daytime BP, respectively, and 1.58, 1.12–2.23, and 2.21, 1.27–3.82, in NRMUCH and RMUCH defined by 24‐h BP, respectively. If RMUCH was compared with NRMUCH, the risk tended to be higher in RMUCH but did not attain statistical significance (P = .08 and P = .23 by daytime and 24‐h BP thresholds, respectively). In conclusion, both NRMUCH and RMUCH are at increased cardiovascular risk than CH.
Character strengths and fluid intelligence
Authors: Kretzschmar André , Wagner Lisa , Gander Fabian , Hofmann Jennifer , Proyer René T. , Ruch Willibald
Published: March 2022

Objective

Research on the associations between cognitive and noncognitive personality traits has widely neglected character strengths, that means positively and morally valued personality traits that constitute good character.

Method

The present study aimed to bridge this gap by studying the associations between character strengths and fluid intelligence using different operationalizations of character strengths (including self‐ and informant‐reports) and fluid intelligence in children, adolescents, and adults.

Results

The results, based on four samples (N= 193/290/330/324), suggested that morally valued personality traits are independent of fluid intelligence, with the exception of love of learning, which showed small but robust positive relationships with fluid intelligence across all samples.

Conclusions

Nonetheless, we argue for further research on the associations with other cognitive abilities and interactions between character strengths and intelligence when examining their relationships with external criteria.
Adolescent Emotion Regulation and Future Psychopathology: A Prospective Transdiagnostic Analysis
Authors: Klein Robert J. , Nguyen Nhi D. , Gyorda Joseph A. , Jacobson Nicholas C.
Published: March 2022

Transdiagnostic frameworks posit a causal link between emotion regulation (ER) ability and psychopathology. However, there is little supporting longitudinal evidence for such frameworks. Among N = 1,262 adolescents, we examined the prospective bidirectional relationship between ER and future pathological anxiety, depression, and substance dependence symptoms in 10 assessment waves over 7 years. In Random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel models, within‐person results do not reveal prospective lag‐1 effects of either ER or symptoms. However, between‐person analyses showed that dispositional ER ability at baseline predicted greater risk for developing clinically significant depression, anxiety, and substance dependence over the 7‐year follow‐up period. These findings provide some of the first direct evidence of prospective effects of ER on future symptom risk across affect‐related disorders, and should strengthen existing claims that ER ability represents a key transdiagnostic risk factor.
Migration rate using fully covered metal stent in anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation: Results from the BASALT study group
Authors: Conigliaro Rita , Pigò Flavia , Bertani Helga ,   BASALT Group:, Greco Salvatore , Burti Cesare , Indriolo Amedeo , Di Sario Antonio , Ortolani Alessio , Maroni Luca , Tringali Andrea , Barbaro Federico , Costamagna Guido , Magarotto Andrea , Masci Enzo , Mutignani Massimiliano , Forti Edoardo , Tringali Alberto , Parodi Maria C. , Assandri Lorenzo , Marrone Ciro , Fantin Alberto , Penagini Roberto , Cantù Paolo ,   Liver Transplant Centers:, Di Benedetto Fabrizio , Ravelli Paolo , Vivarelli Marco , Agnes Salvatore , Mazzaferro Vincenzo , De Carlis Luciano , Andorno Enzo , Cillo Umberto , Rossi Giorgio
Published: March 2022

Background and Study Aim

The traditional endoscopic therapy of anastomotic strictures (AS) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is multiple ERCPs with the insertion of an increasing number of plastic stents side‐by‐side. Fully covered self‐expanding metal stents (cSEMS) could be a valuable option to decrease the number of procedures needed or non‐responders to plastic stents. This study aims to retrospectively analyse the results of AS endoscopic treatment by cSEMS and to identify any factors associated with its success.

Patients and Methods

Ninety‐one patients (mean age 55.9 ± 7.6 SD; 73 males) from nine Italian transplantation centres, had a cSEMS positioned for post‐OLT‐AS between 2007 and 2017. Forty‐nine (54%) patients were treated with cSEMS as a second‐line treatment.

Results

All the procedures were successfully performed without immediate complications. After ERCP, adverse events occurred in 11% of cases (2 moderate pancreatitis and 8 cholangitis). In 49 patients (54%), cSEMSs migrated. After cSEMS removal, 46 patients (51%) needed further endoscopic (45 patients) or radiological (1 patient) treatments to solve the AS. Lastly, seven patients underwent surgery. Multivariable stepwise logistic regression showed that cSEMS migration was the only factor associated with further treatments (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0–6.6; p value 0.03); cSEMS implantation before 12 months from OLT was associated with stent migration (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.7–16.0; p value 0.004).

Conclusions

cSEMS appears to be a safe tool to treat AS. cSEMS migration is the main limitation to its routinary implantation and needs to be prevented, probably with the use of new generation anti‐migration stents.
Paediatric astroblastoma‐like neuroepithelial tumour of the spinal cord with a MAMLD1‐BEND2 rearrangement
Authors: Rossi Sabrina , Barresi Sabina , Colafati Giovanna Stefania , Giovannoni Isabella , Miele Evelina , Alesi Viola , Cacchione Antonella , Diomedi‐Camassei Francesca , Macari Gabriele , Antonelli Manila , Carboni Alessia , Carai Andrea , Mastronuzzi Angela , Giangaspero Felice , Gessi Marco , Alaggio Rita
Published: March 2022

Astroblastomas are neuroepithelial tumours defined by the presence of MN1 rearrangement and are typically located in the cerebral hemispheres. Rare cases of astroblastoma‐like tumours carrying an EWSR1‐BEND2 fusion have been recently described in the brain stem and spinal cord. We report a paediatric case of neuroepithelial astroblastoma‐like tumour occurring in the spine and carrying a novel MAMLD1‐BEND2 fusion. We believe that our case aligns with the rare astroblastoma‐like tumours with EWSR1‐BEND2 fusion, in terms of non‐hemispheric location, pathology, methylation profile and activation of BEND2 transcription. Whether they may represent a distinct entity or a variant of MN1‐altered astroblastoma is not clear.
The influence of unhealthy food and beverage marketing through social media and advergaming on diet‐related outcomes in children—A systematic review
Authors: Mc Carthy Catherine M. , de Vries Ralph , Mackenbach Joreintje D.
Published: March 2022

Children are increasingly exposed to food and beverage marketing, but little is known about the specific effects of marketing through media most used by children. This study aims to systematically review the influence of unhealthy food and beverage marketing through social media and advergaming on diet‐related outcomes in children. Seven databases were systematically searched for English peer‐reviewed quantitative and qualitative scientific studies on the effects of marketing of unhealthy products through social media or advergaming on a range of diet‐related outcomes in children. Risk of bias was assessed with tools specific for the different study designs. Twenty‐six studies were included, of which 20 examined the effect of food and beverage marketing through advergaming and six through social media. Most studies had a high risk of bias. The results suggested that unhealthy food and beverage marketing through social media and advergaming has a significant effect on pester behaviors, food choice, and food intake of children. The studies demonstrate that unhealthy food and beverage marketing through media popular with children significantly impacts different diet‐related outcomes. Combined with existing evidence on this effect in other settings, this review provides clear evidence of the need for policies targeting screen‐based marketing.
Clinical effects of maxillary protraction in different stages of dentition in skeletal class III children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Jiangwei , Wang Yingxue , Yang Yingying , Zhang Lu , Hong Zheng , Ji Wei , Zhang Linkun
Published: March 2022

Objectives

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using maxillary protraction during different stages of the dentition by assessing changes in the jaws and inclination of incisors.

Materials and methods

MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane, Web Of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Databases were searched without time limitations up to 15 January 2022. Google Scholar was used to search grey literature. We included cohort studies that compared the effect of maxillary protraction by analysing primary outcomes and were grouped in age‐related conditions. Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were used for statistical analysis, followed by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation analysis.

Results

Six studies were finally included. The heterogeneity test showed P ≥ .1 and I2 ≤ 50%, and a fixed‐effect model was applied. Patients in the early treatment group (ETG) were mainly in the early‐mixed dentition stage, while patients in the late treatment group (LTG) were in the late‐mixed and early‐permanent dentition stage. Meta‐analysis showed that there were no statistical differences (P > .05) between the ETG and LTG groups in terms of SNA (the angle composed by point Sella‐Nasion‐Subspinale), SNB (the angle composed by point Sella‐Nasion‐Supramentale), ANB (the angle composed by point Subspinale‐Nasion‐Supramentale), Wits, U1/SN (the angle composed by the axis of upper incisors and Sella‐Nasion plane) and L1/MP (the angle composed by the axis of lower incisors and the mandibular plane).

Conclusion

Our analysis showed that maxillary protraction applied in the late‐mixed or early‐permanent dentition stage did not cause different effects on the maxillary growth, the correction of the intermaxillary relationship, the inhibition of mandibular growth and dental tipping of skeletal class III patients when compared to that in the early‐mixed dentition stage. Collectively, these data provide a theoretical basis for widening the applicable age period of maxillary protraction and choosing the best treatment opportunity for children patients after a comprehensive assessment.
Cell death signalling is competitively but coordinately regulated by repressor‐type and activator‐type ethylene response factors in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants
Authors: Ogata T. , Tsukahara Y. , Ito T. , Iimura M. , Yamazaki K. , Sasaki N. , Matsushita Y.
Published: March 2022

Ethylene response factors (ERFs) comprise one of the largest transcription factor families in many plant species. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) ERF3 (NtERF3) and other ERF‐associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif‐containing ERFs are known to function as transcriptional repressors. NtERF3 and several repressor‐type ERFs induce cell death in tobacco leaves and are also associated with a defence response against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).

We investigated whether transcriptional activator‐type NtERFs function together with NtERF3 in the defence response against TMV infection by performing transient ectopic expression, together with gene expression, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and promoter analyses.

Transient overexpression of NtERF2 and NtERF4 induced cell death in tobacco leaves, albeit later than that induced by NtERF3. Fusion of the EAR motif to the C‐terminal end of NtERF2 and NtERF4 abolished their cell death‐inducing ability. The expression of NtERF2 and NtERF4 was upregulated at the early phase of N gene‐triggered hypersensitive response (HR) against TMV infection. The cell death phenotype induced by overexpression of wild‐type NtERF2 and NtERF4 was suppressed by co‐expression of an EAR motif‐deficient form of NtERF3. Furthermore, ChIP and promoter analyses suggested that NtERF2, NtERF3 and NtERF4 positively or negatively regulate the expression of NtERF3 by binding to its promoter region.

Overall, our results revealed the cell death‐inducing abilities of genes encoding activator‐type NtERFs, including NtERF2 and NtERF4, suggesting that the HR‐cell death signalling via the repressor‐type NtERF3 is competitively but coordinately regulated by these NtERFs.
Autoethnography and ‘chimeric‐thinking’: A phenomenological reconsideration of illness and alterity
Authors: Pini Sarah
Published: March 2022

This paper tackles the concept of alterity through an embodied perspective. By questioning my lived experience of cancer and how illness—as a disruptive event (Carel, 2008, 2016, 2021)—enables philosophical reflection and the exploration of ‘other’ ways of being‐in‐the‐world (Merleau‐Ponty  2012 [1945]), I ask if an embodied ‘chimeric‐thinking’ can be used to question established notions of alterity and reshape our relationship with ‘otherness’ (Leistle 2015, 2016b). Building on a phenomenological approach to illness (Carel 2012, 2014, 2016, 2021), and a feminist post‐humanist approach (Haraway 1990, 1991, 2016), I present a case in which an autoethnographic and phenomenological approach focused on embodied experience may help revise dominant perspectives, providing access to understanding and engaging with profound biopsychosocial and somatic transformations.
Urban households' willingness to pay for improvements in rainwater harvesting and rainwater infiltration system: Case study in Japan
Authors: Tsai Peii , Onishi Akio
Published: March 2022

There is an urgent need to develop an urban rainwater drainage system in cities that have been facing flooding due to heavy rainfall events. In Japan, many municipalities have provided financial support for installing household‐level rainwater infiltration and harvesting facilities. However, the use of domestic installations is still limited. This study used the contingent valuation method (CVM) to investigate household preferences for rainwater tanks and a rainwater infiltration inlet (RII) in Yokohama, Japan, and examine the factors influencing the respondents' willingness to pay (WTP). We found that public perceptions of these systems have remained low. The mean WTP was US$265 and US$274 per unit for RII and a rainwater tank, respectively. When compared with the actual market price, the WTP results indicate that respondents had a high interest in these systems. Moreover, income, the experience of flooding and environmentally conscious behaviour were the main affecting factors.
Optimized one‐pot synthesis of CdSe quantum dot capped with 3‐mercaptopropionic acid as an efficient fluorescent probe for selective detection of Hg (II)
Authors: Das Sohel , Paul Subhankar
Published: March 2022

Here, we demonstrated the use of 3‐mercaptopropionic acid‐capped CdSe quantum dots (CdSe QDs) for the sensing of mercury ions (Hg2+) in solution. The size and the shape of the synthesized QD were observed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and crystallinity was confirmed through X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The synthesized QD showed to have mean size 4 nm. Our QD was found to sense Hg2+ ions with a detection limit of 5 ppm at pH 7.0 and a linearity range of 5–50 ppm. The effect of pH on the optical property of QD was also investigated and found that the sensor worked best at pH 7.0 with high linearity and sensitivity, thus reducing the cost of the process. The sensing mechanism of CdSe QD was further analysed through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Therefore, our synthesized CdSe QD capped with 3‐mercaptopropionic acid demonstrated to act as an efficient nanomaterial for rapid and easy to perform sensing of mercury ion in aquatic environment.
Investigating the Critical Success Factors of Excellence Model Implementation in the Public Sector “Egypt Government Excellence Award”
Authors: Elsafty Ashraf , Seddek Ahmed
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this paper is to outline the structure of the Egypt Government Excellence Award, as well as to investigate the role of adopting an excellence framework in developing public sector work nature and improving public services, as well as to attempt to identify and propose solutions to the practical problems and challenges posed by excellence awards.The paper will highlight and investigate critical success factors (CSFs) that influence the success of the excellence model's implementation and adoption in the Egyptian public sector. A qualitative method will be used to build a model for CSF.The paper has summarized potential CSF that has been analyzed in previous literature that developed different models with different methodologies according to industry context. The majority of literature has discussed and analyzed CSF regarding TQM principles, with very little literature having discovered CSF of Excellence Models.The paper uses a qualitative narrative approach for an exploratory purpose. The data has been collected and analyzed using human interactive data sources by using unstructured interviews with experts in excellence from Egypt and other countries that have a similar context to EGEA.The results have shown that the main top five CSF, which are considered the main factors that will help any public organization in Egypt to successfully implement excellence models, are leadership, human assets, culture, excellence model, and performance management system.
Composição e organização do Superior Tribunal de Justiça para a formação de precedentes eficazes
Authors: Panutto Peter , Chaim Lana Olivi
Published: March 2022

O artigo trata da necessidade de alteração dos mecanismos institucionais dos tribunais para implantação do sistema de precedentes judiciais vinculantes instituído pelo Código de Processo Civil de 2015 visando à efetiva criação e cumprimento de precedentes. Para tanto, foi analisado o Regimento Interno do Superior Tribunal de Justiça para averiguar sua compatibilidade com a formação de precedentes hábeis à aplicação em casos similares futuros. Foi objeto de pesquisa a composição e organização dos órgãos fracionários, bem como o papel dos ministros nos órgãos colegiados do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, pois tais fatores são imprescindíveis para o resultado final das votações que levam à formação de precedentes. O objetivo do artigo é analisar as adequações regimentais referentes aos órgãos colegiados do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, implementadas em razão da vigência do Código de Processo Civil de 2015, demonstrando se estão aptas à criação de precedenteseficazes, bem como se propiciam precedentes que representem o entendimento institucional sobre o tema. O método adotado foi o hipotético-dedutivo, mediante análise crítica da necessidade de aprimoramento das adequações regimentais referentes aos órgãos colegiados do Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Como resultado, verificou-se que o Regimento Interno do Superior Tribunal de Justiça avançou na adequação regimental para melhor deliberação de seus órgãos colegiados para a busca de precedentes eficazes, concluindo-se, contudo, que ainda há necessidade de mudanças regimentais no tribunal para possibilitar melhor deliberação e despersonalização do processo decisório.
Governança Regulatória para Incentivos Fiscais: Prevenção à Corrupção
Authors: Ragazzo Carlos Emmanuel Joppert , Gomes Cuesta Karine Susan
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar os riscos de desvio de finalidade ou de prática de corrupção na concessão de incentivos tributários, apontando os elementos de governança que influenciam os riscos de verificação dessas práticas. Para tanto, se busca descrever qualitativamente estudos empíricos já desenvolvidos sobre a relação entre o nível de governança na concessão e na supervisão de incentivos fiscais e a presença de práticas de corrupção. Em seguida, é realizado um estudo de caso para apurar essa relação no caso brasileiro, mais especificamente no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, partindo das respectivas condições de governança presentes na concessão de incentivos fiscais. O artigo testa a hipótese de que a ausência de metodologias consolidadas de concessão de tais incentivos e de garantias institucionais de controle dificultam o alcance dos objetivos constitucionais das ações de fomento, ao mesmo tempo em que aumentam o risco de desvios para ganhos ilícitos.
Numerical Investigation of Turbulence Production Under Two-Phase Flow in a Simulation of Electrical Submersible Pump Performance
Authors: Pervaiz Salman Shahid , Hasan Abdulqader , Dol Sharul Sham , Gadala Mohamed S.
Published: March 2022

Investigating the characteristics of gas–liquid two-phase flow in a centrifugal pump is critical for evaluating pump performance. In this study, a numerical simulation was performed to understand the effects of gas–liquid turbulence formation in the impeller channels on the performance of a single-stage centrifugal pump. The focus was on the inlet gas volume fraction (IGVF) at constant flowrate and constant impeller speed on the flow structure in the impeller and the pressure surging characteristics. The correlation between Reynolds shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy on pump performance is shown by examining pressure, velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and gas volume fraction (GVF). The model verification is verified using the theoretical pump pressure head determined by the manufacturer, which demonstrated adequate uncertainty (μ<5%) for a flowrate of 250 L/min. The results show a 9.41% decrease in wall shear stresses when the in-situ GVF varies between 1% and 10%. Wall shear stresses combined with circulation resulted in a 3.76% decrease in turbulent kinetic energy, while the contribution of turbulence to pump performance degradation is minimal. Other factors such as gas entrapment, impeller inlet blockage due to bubble coalescence, pressure gradient, and bubble size had a much greater impact on performance. The performance decreased dramatically by 26.53% when the GVF increased from 1% to 10%. The proposed flow structure can be further investigated together with the wall shear stress and circulation phenomena, such as vorticity and shear layers in the context of two-phase flow.
Analysis of diffraction-based wafer alignment rejection for thick aluminum process
Authors: Li Liang , Chen Chao , Zeng Hui , Hu Shiyi , Zhang Libin , Su Yajuan , Wei Yayi , Ye Tianchun , Wang Yun , Xue Jing
Published: March 2022

A diffraction-based alignment method has been widely used during lithography processes. The alignment position is obtained by analyzing the light intensity changes of the moiré fringes. In order to ensure the reliability of the alignment, the alignment system sets a preset threshold value during measurement and then rejects the measurement data that do not meet the requirements directly. In the diffraction-based alignment system, the photolithographic technology encounters the situation of alignment rejection frequently when processing the thick aluminum film alignment process and most of the reasons for rejection are wafer quality and delta shift. In this paper, we proposed a fast and adaptable analysis method for asymmetric structures and have carried out a systematic study. The calculation results of our model are verified with a rigorous physical model with high accuracy. The influences of the thickness fluctuation of the deposited aluminum and the sidewall angle of the alignment mark on wafer quality are studied. The reasons and degrees of delta shift induced by the process are also explored and studied. The results show that for the same alignment mark, the thickness fluctuation has a greater impact on wafer quality than the sidewall angle. For different alignment strategies, such as to align to a metal layer or to a contact layer, different alignment rejection is experimentally obtained and analyzed. Our model gave a conclusion as to why aligning to a contact layer mark is more process-robust than to a metal layer. The delta shift is mostly generated by the grating inconsistent of the moiré alignment grating. Process induced wafer distortion of the alignment mark will increase inconsistency and then make the delta shift out of threshold.
Tailoring of structual, optical, and electrical properties of Cu films by sputtering power and deposition atmosphere
Authors: Zhu Bailin , Yin Jinhua , Ma Junmin , Wu Jun , Shi Xinwei
Published: March 2022

In order to effectively modify the structure and optical-electric properties of Cu films and thus provide guidance for the development of high-performance transparent electrodes based on ultrathin Cu films, different thicknesses of Cu films were prepared by magnetron sputtering under three different sputtering powers and atmospheres (34 W and Ar, 136 W and Ar, and 34 W and Ar + H2). The results show that both increasing the sputtering power and introducing H2 into the sputtering atmosphere can improve film crystallinity, electrically conductive properties, and transparency of the film. Increasing the sputtering power can increase deposition rate, decrease surface roughness, improve stability in air, and help the formation of continuous films, but introducing H2 into the sputtering atmosphere can decrease deposition rate, increase surface roughness, degrade stability in the air, and hinder the formation of continuous films. In addition, the mechanisms of increasing the sputtering power or introducing H2 to affect the crystallinity, surface roughness, and the formation of continuous films are discussed.
Low-macroscopic field emission structure: Using the shape of the conductor to identify a local difference in electric potential
Authors: Lapena Laurent , Degiovanni Alain , Tishkova Victoria , Salançon Evelyne
Published: March 2022

The emission of electrons from an insulating crystal deposited on a conductor occurs at a macroscopic electric field of a few volts per micrometer, 3 orders of magnitude below the field emission from a clean metal. This is due to the local field enhancement induced by the presence of the insulating crystal. The emission profiles depend on the shape of the conductive substrate; analyzing these profiles enables the local difference in electric potential and the opening angle to be traced. Given the thickness of the crystal, the local difference in potential indicates the local field enhancement of a few volts per nanometer applied to the conductor.