СРАВНЕНИЕ И ВЫБОР ВАРИАНТОВ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОПЕРАЦИЙ ПРИ РАБОТЕ СИСТЕМЫ МАШИН «ХАРВЕСТЕР+ФОРВАРДЕР»
Authors: Ширнин Ю.А. , Гайсин И.Г. , Рыганова С.Г. , Гатауллин А.Р. 
Published: February 2025

В статье представлено сравнение вариантов выполнения элементов технологических операций при работе системы машин «харвестер+форвардер». Разработаны три схемы разработки лент (при укладке пачки под углом к волоку; при укладке пачки параллельно к волоку; при укладке пачки перпендикулярно к волоку). Для харвестера элементами технологической операции являются в частности: срезание дерева, обрезка сучьев, раскряжёвка ствола на сортименты и их укладка в пачки. Варианты схем отличались способом укладки сортиментов в пачки, а именно: под углом к волоку; параллельно с волоком; перпендикулярно к волоку. Для форвардера рассматривались элементы: захват группы сортиментов; доставка их в грузовой отсек; укладка в грузовом отсеке при трёх вариантах размещения сортиментов на ленте. Определена вероятностная продолжительность обработки одного дерева харвестером и погрузки группы сортиментов форвардером по трём технологическим схемам работы, выявлена предпочтительная схема работы системы машин. Рассчитано относительное время двух схем укладки сортиментов для харвестера и форвардера с наименьшим временем по отношению к наибольшему.

Introduction. The analysis of the machine method of logging on the basis of “harvester + forwarder” machines demonstrated that the effectiveness of their use had not been fully studied. Elaboration of a new technology for the development of cutting areas based on these machines will increase the efficiency of their performance. The goal of this study is to compare and select less time-consuming options for performing elements of technological operations when using the “harvester + forwarder” machine system. Objects and methods of research. The authors used the method of measurement (stop-watch reading) for the operation of machines in working conditions. Experimental studies were conducted on the basis of mathematical statistics. Preliminary studies were conducted on 65 trees for each technological scheme. Research results. Three belt development schemes have been developed (when laying the bundle at an angle to the track; when laying the bundle parallel to the track; when laying the bundle perpendicular to the track). During the experimental studies, the main fixing points were identified for monitoring the operation time of the harvester and forwarder. For the harvester, the elements of the technological operation are, in particular, cutting the tree, pruning the branches, crosscutting of the trunk into sortings, and laying them in bundles. For the forwarder, the following elements were grabbing a group of sortings, delivering them to the cargo compartment, laying them in the cargo compartment with three options for placing sortings on a belt. A statistical analysis of gross measurement errors related to the operator's work and the error of measuring instruments is performed. Histograms of the distribution of random variables are presented to identify the law of distribution of the measured values and their evaluation according to the Shapiro-Wilk test. The authors presented a comparative assessment of the proposed sorting schemes for the harvester and forwarder with the shortest time relative to the longest one. Conclusion. According to the results of the study in working conditions, the efficiency of “harvester + forwarder” machines is considered to be sufficient using the proposed technological schemes. The best scheme in the time spent on performing technological operations is selected. Recommendations on the feasibility of using harvesters at the stage of training of drivers are given.