bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPEKTRO PLUVIOMETER SEBAGAI ALAT PENENTU DIAMETER DAN KECEPATAN JATUH BUTIRAN HUJAN
Authors: Satriadi Yulia , Sudiarta I Wayan , Kurniawidi Dian Wijaya
Published: February 2020

Cuaca merupakan gejala alam yang terjadi dalam waktu yang relatif singkat, dan perubahan cuaca yang tiba-tiba dapat menimbulkan kejadian bencana alam. Fenomena cuaca yang berdampak langsung  antara lain adalah hujan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan penentuan diameter dan kecepatan jatuh butiran hujan. Diameter dan kecepatan jatuh butiran air yang dihasilkan dapat dijadikan sebagai pemodelan butiran hujan yang bermanfaat untuk mitigasi bencana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode optical spektro pluviometer yang dilengkapi dengan laser diode sebagai pemancar cahaya dan sensor  cahaya TEMT6000 sebagai penerima cahaya. Prinsip kerja spektro pluviometer berdasarkan perubahan tegangan yang dihasilkan oleh butiran hujan ketika menghalangi cahaya ke sensor. Diameter butiran air yang terukur yaitu diameter butiran air hasil observasi (Dobs) berkisar pada rentang 3,8 mm – 5,7 mm,  diameter butiran air hasil model (Dmod) berkisar pada rentang 3,6 mm hingga 5,5 mm. Kecepatan jatuh butiran air hasil observasi (vobs) pada rentang 0,98 m/s – 1,7 m/s dan hasil kecepatan jatuh butiran air hasil model (vmod) pada rentang 0,9 m/s hingga 2,5 m/s.
THE STUDY OF GRAPHENE BAND GAP USING HATREE FOCK METHOD IN MOLECULAR SCALE
Authors: Alaa Siti , Fajrin Muhammad , Nurhaliza Eva , Kurniawidi Dian Wijaya , Rahayu Susi , Sudiarta I Wayan
Published: February 2020

Graphene is known as an advanced material that has good electrical conductivity and heat conductivity. To understand the nature of graphene it is necessary to calculate the energy, band gap and vibrate frequency at the nanoscale. One method that can be used is the ab initio calculation using the Hatree-Fock method. In this research, we performed a computational study of the electronic properties of grapheme within RHF/STO-3G basis set in different cluster molecules.  From this study we get band gap for graphene in ab initio level, have a consistant value around zero.  Using ab initio method, we can obtain a deeper understanding about the graphene behaviour at the molecular scale.
ANALISIS KUALITAS MINYAK GORENG BERDASARKAN SUHU PEMANASAN DENGAN METODE KOEFISIEN VISKOSITAS FALLING BALL
Authors: Shoaliha Khaeratin , Arizona Kurniawan , Bahtiar Bahtiar
Published: February 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on oil viscosity or viscosity using the falling ball method. The approach in this study uses a quantitative approach to the type of laboratory experimental research. The population of this research is cooking oil, by taking three types of oil samples. The three types consisted of palm oil, coconut, and olive which were then observed for their effects on temperature using the fall ball method. Data were collected through laboratory experiments with measurements three times using the falling ball viscosity method. The data analysis technique used is regression analysis. Based on tests that have been done, it can be observed that palm oil before it is heated has a viscosity value of 0.885 Ns / m2, when palm oil is heated to temperatures of 40˚C, 60˚C, 80˚C, and 100˚C the viscosity value changes to 0.854 Ns / m2, 0.754 Ns / m2, 0.828 Ns / m2 and 0.616 Ns / m2. Coconut oil before heating has a viscosity value of 0.828 Ns / m2, when heated with the same temperature the viscosity value changes to 0.666 Ns / m2, 0.588 Ns / m2, 0.572 Ns / m2, and 0.524 Ns / m2. Olive oil before heating has a value of 0.919 Ns / m2, when it is heated the value decreases to 0.869 Ns / m2, 0.774 Ns / m2, 0.746 Ns / m2, and 0.680 Ns / m2. Correlation value obtained based on data calculations is -0.616 meaning that temperature and viscosity have a strong relationship, a negative sign indicates that the relationship is inversely proportional. It can be seen that there is an effect of viscosity value on cooking oil temperature.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL RESISTIVITY MODEL FOR GROUND WATER EXPLORATION IN VOLCANIC ZONE OF TIDAR PLETEAU, MALANG, EAST JAVA
Authors: Irwan Irwan
Published: February 2020

Geoelectrical resistivity method is popular technique for subsurface mapping of groundwater, mining exploration, and structural geology. For case study in Tidar Plateau which characterized by hard rock of volcanic breccia, lava, tuff, and conglomerate,  the groundwater system occurs only by the secondary porosity (faulting, facturing, and weathering). Therefore it becomes difficult task for determine position of good well site in Tidar Plateau. Geoelectrical technique by Schlumberger configuration was choosen to investigated the ground water system in this area. Total 5 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) acqusition point (400 m length measurement; spacing 10 m) for data measurement with coverage area about 400 x 400 m2. For data processing was used IP2Win, Progress3, and RockWork 16.  The data processing results showed high accuration with avarage Root Mean Square (RMS) error about 0.3 – 8.3 %. According to resistivity results, the study area has resistivity between  0.3– 2.5x104 . The rocks which have resistivity between 0.3 – 12.52  interpreted as sandy-clay; 12.52 – 50  interpreted as wet sandstone (aquifer); 129 – 178  interpreted as conglomerat; 700 – 1300  interpreted as tuff, sand, and dry gravel; 2600 – 2.5x104  interpreted as volcanic breccia. This geoelectrical results has succesful finding the fresh water at VES 5 after drilled at depth 100 m at wet sandstone formation. To findout distrubution of aquifer layer, a three-dimensional (3D) resistivity model was developed. The 3D resistivity model shows the aquifer layer image look the dome-like structure and image the fracture regions which becomes the pathway of groundwater system.
1.1 Differential Changes in Peripheral and Central Blood Pressure from Adolescence to Adulthood
Authors: Park Chloe , Rapala Alicja , Jones Siana , Williams Suzanne , Chaturvedi Nish , Hughes Alun
Published: February 2020

Introduction

In adults, aging is associated with a rise in blood pressure (BP) and a disproportionate increase in central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) relative to brachial SBP (bSBP) (i.e. reduced aortic to radial pulse pressure amplification (PPamp)). But changes in brachial and central BP have not been studied in the transition from adolescence to early adulthood when PPamp is greatest. We therefore investigated changes in BP over this age period in a large population-based birth cohort.

Methods

1835 participants (1099 female) in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) underwent repeat clinic examination, including measurements of brachial and central BP, aged 17 yrs and 24 yrs. Measures at 17 to 24 yrs were compared with paired t-tests.

Results

Aged 17 yrs the difference between bSBP and cSBP was 19.7 ± 4.7 mmHg, while at 24 yrs the difference was 18.2 ± 4.6 mmHg (age interaction p < 0.001). From 17 to 24 yrs diastolic BP increased, bSBP decreased and cSBP increased, PPamp decreased while augmentation index (AIx) increased (Table 1).

Conclusion

There is a substantial difference between bSBP and cSBP in adolescence and young adulthood, but PPamp decreases over this age period. This results in a fall in bSBP despite a rise in cSBP between age 17 and 24. Previous studies in youth may have mis- or under-estimated changes in BP due to changes in PPamp.

Table 1

Variables
Mean ± SD at 17
Mean ± SD at 24
Difference (95% CI)
p

bSBP (mmHg)
116.2 ± 11.5
115.3 ± 11.0
−0.93 (−1.4, −0.47)
0.001

cSBP (mmHg)
96.5 ± 0.2
97.1 ± 0.2
0.58 (0.17, 0.99)
0.006

DBP (mmHg)
64.5 ± 0.2
66.6 ± 0.2
2.1 (1.7, 2.5)
<0.001

PPamp (mmHg)
21.0 ± 0.1
18.9 ± 0.1
−2.10 (−2.5, −1.9)
<0.001

AIx (%)
100.8 ± 0.3
103 ± 0.3
2.14 (1.41, 2.87)
<0.001
1.2 Chronological Versus Vascular Age: Predictive Value for Cardiovascular Events and Identification of Patients with SUPERNOrmal Vascular Aging (SUPERNOVA)
Authors: Bruno Rosa Maria , Nilsson Peter , Ensgrtom Gunnar , Wadstrom Benjamin , Empana Jean-Philippe , Boutouyrie Pierre , Laurent Stephane
Published: February 2020

Background

Individuals whose arteries appears abnormally healthy in comparison to their CV risk factor burden (supernormal vascular aging, SUPERNOVA) represent an ideal model to discover novel pathways of cardiovascular protection. Purpose: 1) to introduce a novel definition of vascular age, as predicted age based on CV risk factors and PWV; 2) to test the hypothesis that individuals with the largest difference between chronological and vascular age (C-Vage) show a lower rate of CV events, and may thus be defined as SUPERNOVA.

Methods

The best fitting model for age prediction was investigated in the multicenter, European, cross-sectional Reference Values for Arterial stiffness Collaboration Database (n = 11406). A survival analysis on the longitudinal cohort of the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS, n = 2663) was then performed. The main outcome was a composite endpoint of fatal and non-fatal major cardiac events and strokes.

Results

In the Reference Values Cohort, the model explained 59.8% of age variance, with PWV being the most relevant predictor (r2: 0.105). The model (derived on population >61 years) was used to calculate vascular age in the MDCS Cohort. In the Cox survival analysis (follow-up 6.6 years, 286 events), C-Vage was significantly and inversely associated with CV events (Figure 1). Individuals in the highest C-Vage decile (>8.8 years) were defined as SUPERNOVA. In the competing risk analysis, SUPERNOVA had a reduced age-adjusted rate of CV events [HR 0.51 (0.34–0.76)].

Conclusion

This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that SUPERNOVA individuals have a disproportionally lower rate of CV events. Future studies are needed to explore genetic/molecular mechanisms for this phenotype.
1.4 Prognostic Relevance of Augmentation Index in Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease and Total Mortality: Data From the General Population
Authors: Arnold Natalie , Gori Tommaso , Gündling Anika , Schulz Andreas , Prochaska Jürgen H. , Panova-Noeva Marina , Schmidtmann Irene M. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Beutel Manfred , Lackner Karl J. , Münzel Thomas , Wild Philipp S.
Published: February 2020

Objectives

To investigate the role of peripheral augmentation index (AIx) for the prediction of prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and total mortality in the general population in age- and sex- specific manner.

Methods

AIx was measured in 11,250 participants of the population-based Gutenberg Health Study by Endo-PAT device. For analysis, the study population was stratified by age and sex (men: <60/≥60 years; women: <55/≥55 years), since a non-linear increase in AIx with aging with a plateau-building at age of 55 years in women and at 60 years in men was observed.

Results

During the 8-yrs follow-up, a total of 584 deaths (382 men/202 women) occurred. In males, top tertile (T) of AIx was associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) in younger men was 2.30 (95% CI 1.41–3.76) and 1.42 (95% CI 1.09–1.85) among men ≥60 years (T3 vs T1/T2; adjusted for height, heart rate, CVD risk factors). No association was found in females. A stronger predictive ability was observed in younger males, with AIx values above the reference limit (HR 3.15 (95% CI 1.73–5.74), multivariable-adjusted). Finally, an increased AIx was also associated with almost 2-fold higher prevalence of CVD in males <60 years (Prevalence ratio 1.81 (95% CI 1.33–2.45) for T3 vs T1/T2; or 2.01 (95% CI 1.40–2.86) for AIx values above reference in a fully adjusted model), but not in older males or women.

Conclusion

Within the present analysis, AIx demonstrated a strong predictive value for prevalent CVD and worse survival in younger males, thereby underlying its clinical usefulness in this particular population.
1.6 Individual and Neighborhood Deprivation and Carotid Stiffness: The Paris Prospective III Study
Authors: Climie Rachel , Boutouyrie Pierre , Perier Marie-Cecile , Guibout Catherine , van Slotten Thomas , Thomas Frederique , Danchin Nicolas , Sharman James , Laurent Stephane , Jouven Xavier , Empana Jean-Philippe
Published: February 2020

Background

Large artery stiffness is an index of vascular ageing associated with cardiovascular mortality. While traditional risk factors for arterial stiffness are known, the contribution of socioeconomic factors are less reported. We sought to determine the relationship between arterial stiffness and socioeconomic deprivation (at the individual and neighborhood levels) in healthy males and females.

Methods

In 7803 adults, carotid stiffness was determined by high-precision carotid echotracking. Individual deprivation data included education, living alone, occupation and Evaluation of the Deprivation and Inequalities of Health in Healthcare Centers (EPICES) score. Neighborhood deprivation was determined from commune level data (smallest administrative sub-division) available from French National Institute of statistics and Economic Studies (2011) using principal component analysis. The separate and combined associations between individual and neighborhood deprivation (main exposures) and carotid stiffness (outcome) were quantified using linear and multilevel model adjusted for traditional risk factors including age, mean blood pressure, body mass index, fasting glucose, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, heart rate, history of cardiovascular disease, smoking, alcohol, and physical activity. Analyses were conducted separately in males and females.

Results

Individual deprivation (lower education and occupation in males, and living alone and higher EPICES in both populations) was adversely related to carotid stiffness, independently of potential confounders (p < 0.05). Neighborhood deprivation was adversely related to carotid stiffness in males (p < 0.05) but not in females.

Conclusion

Socioeconomic deprivation, both at the individual and, to a lesser extent, neighborhood level are associated with carotid stiffness in males. Only individual deprivation is associated with carotid stiffness in females.
2.1 Derivation of Central Aortic Pressure Using the Radial Pulse Waveform Acquired by Millimetre-Wave Radar
Authors: Qasem Ahmad , Shay Oliver , Liao Catherine , Butlin Mark , Avolio Alberto
Published: February 2020

A new wearable sensor using millimetre-wave radar and electromagnetic technology provides 64 signals reflected from one radar sinusoidal signal beamed around the radial artery. It is non-invasive, can be non-contact, and is potentially simpler in acquiring the radial pulse then tonometry. This study assesses whether selection of a signal from the radar sensor and processing that signal using the generalized transfer function employed in the Cardiex SphygmoCor device (conventionally used with tonometry) provides a derived central aortic blood pressure equivalent to that using applanation tonometry. 17 subjects (13 male, age 45 + 10/29–68 years, systolic/diastolic pressure 121 + 19/76 + 13 mmHg) had simultaneous 2 minutes recordings of the radar and tonometer sensor during rest and two manoeuvres (hand-grip challenge and mental stress-test) that changed blood pressure, heart rate and pulse morphology. Of the resulting 51 radar signal recordings, 40 provided analysable data based on the SphygmoCor signal quality index. At least one signal (max 18 signals) was/were selected for each recording. Central systolic pressure (Δ = −0.6 + 1.1 mmHg, r = 0.94, p = 0.0015), augmentation pressure (Δ = −0.2 + 0.9 mmHg, r = 0.92, p = 0.09) and augmentation index (Δ = 0.9 + 2.8 %, r = 0.92, p = 0.05) were similar when derived from radial radar or tonometry signal. Results strongly indicate that the wearable millimetre wave radar device can produce a radial signal that is valid for derivation of central aortic blood pressure.
2.2 Modest Region-Specific, Sex-Independent Aortic Remodelling when Hypertension is Superimposed on Aging
Authors: Spronck Bart , Ferruzzi Jacopo , Caulk Alexander W. , Murtada Sae-Il , Humphrey Jay D.
Published: February 2020

Background

Aging and hypertension often co-occur, which complicates distinguishing their biomechanical effects on arteries clinically. While aortic elastin (half-life ~70 years) is reduced in human aging, in mouse aging (lifespan ~2 years) it remains mostly intact. Knock-out of elastin-associated glycoprotein fibulin-5 (Fbln5−/−) in mice however yields a biomechanical pheno-type that resembles human aging.

Methods

Adult male and female Fbln5+/+ and Fbln5−/− mice were studied under three conditions: untreated, after 14-day 490 ng/kg/min angiotensin-II infusion (AngII), and after 13 weeks on 8%-NaCl chow + 3 g/L L-NAME drinking water (L-NAME-NaCl). After tail-cuff blood pressure (BP) measurement and euthanasia, descending thoracic (DTA) and infrarenal abdominal (IAA) aortas were dissected and tested using a computer-controlled biaxial testing device.

Results

Salt+L-NAME led to adaptive remodelling (circumferential stress homeostasis) and maladaptive remodelling (lack thereof) in the IAA and DTA, respectively (figure, males), while AngII caused luminal dilatation but little remodelling of the wall. Effects of aging (Fbln5−/−) were more dramatic than those due to induced hypertension. Consequently, superimposing hypertension on aging led to modest additional changes in luminal radius and wall thickness, though increased stress and stiffness metrics due to increased pressure loading of the wall [3] Trends in females were similar to those in males.

Conclusions

Effects of hypertension on aortic remodelling are modest when superimposed on aging in mice. These findings are consistent with general observations in humans [4,5], though separated here for the first time in a rodent model characterized by a severe loss of elastic fiber integrity similar to that found in the aged human aorta.
2.3 Exosomes Derived From Endothelial Progenitor Cells Modulate Flow-Induced Remodeling and Increase Vasculogeneis in Mesenteric Arteries of Mice
Authors: Bobi Joaquim , Vessieres Emilie , Grimaud Linda , Sabate Manel , Henrion Daniel , Dantas Ana Paula
Published: February 2020

Exosomes are key regulators of cell-to-cell communication, becoming valuable tool as disease biomarker and in the development of new therapeutic strategies. We aimed to determine the role of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-derived exosomes (EXO) in vascular remodelling induced by flow. C57BL/6 mice underwent chronic changes in flow by mesenteric resistance arteries ligation. Arteries were thus submitted to high flow (HF), low flow (LF), or normal flow (NF). The day before surgery mice received I.P. injection with saline or exosomes (3 × 109 particle/kg), following the treatment every 3 days until sacrifice. After 14 days, arteries were studied in vitro in a pressure arteriograph. Increase in diameter and compliance by pressure found in HF arteries were not seen in EXO treated mice (Figure 1A). Decrease in diameter observed in saline treated LF arteries, was also abolished by EXO treatment. Network analysis of miRNA content in exosomes and arterial mRNA expression revealed an increased expression of components involved in angiogenesis/arteriogenesis (Figure 1B), which could contribute to flow maintenance in the tissue. Mesenteric arteries submitted to LF, HF and NF were isolated and placed in Matrigel matrix for angiogenesis analysis. We observed that change in flow is a trigger for vasculogenesis, which is enhanced by EXO treatment (Figure 1C). This study establishes the potential role of EPC-derived exosomes to regulate vascular remodelling during changes in flow. The mechanisms for these effects involve exosome-derived miRNA regulation of a network of mRNAs implicated in collateral angiogenesis/arteriogenesis, which in turn, may contribute to maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
2.4 Aortofemoral Plethysmographic Volume Wave Velocity Obtained During the Routine 12 Channel ECG Corresponds in its Determinants to Tonometrically Derived Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity
Authors: Skrabal Falko , Weber Thomas , Skrabal Katharina
Published: February 2020

Background

The lack of acceptance in clinical routine represents a major obstacle for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) measurements. We thought to include PWV measurements into the 12-channel ECG, which is performed routinely.

Methods

Using the conventional electrode position for the 12 channel ECG, arterial impedance plethysmographic signals were obtained from the four extremities at 40 kHz [1]. It was confirmed that the obtained pulse synchronous volume waves originate at the level of the elbow and the knee. In analogy to cfPWV measurements, the volume wave velocity at the aorta and femoral arteries (VWVtorso) was calculated from the time differences of the plethysmographic signals between arms and legs.

Results

Transit times of R-wave to volume wave at the leg were longer but closely related to tonometrically derived transit times (199 ± 26 vs 134 ± 24 m/sec, n = 115, r = 0.93, p < 0.001). VWVtorso in 115 participants was higher than tonometrically determined cfPWV, (13.2 ± 5.81 vs 8.8 ± 2.98, ± SD, p < 0.001), since muscular arteries are included in VWVtorso. VWVtorso was measured in 825 healthy participants and patients with cardiovascular diseases (aged 16 to 97 years) (Figure 1). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, VWVtorso was found to be related positively to known cardiovascular risk factors such as age, blood pressure, HbA1C and LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001 for all) and also negatively to appendicular muscle mass [2]. VWVtorso corresponds in its physiological determinants closely to those of cfPWV.

Conclusion

These background arterial impedance plethysmographic measurements yielding VWVtorso, made without time delay during routine 12 channel ECG, show promise for large scale, routine clinical assessment of large artery function.
2.5 Differential Association of Central and Peripheral Arterial Compliance with Resting and Recruitable Endothelial Function in Healthy Human Subjects
Authors: Badhwar Smriti , Chandran Dinu , Jaryal Ashok , Narang Rajiv , Patel Chetan , Deepak Kishore Kumar
Published: February 2020

Background

Regional arterial compliance in peripheral arteries is known to be associated with ‘recruitable’ endothelial function probably mediated by an increase in smooth muscle tone [1]. However, the association between regional arterial stiffness and ‘resting’ endothelial function has not been evaluated.

Methods

Low Flow Mediated Constriction (LFMC) and Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) were measured to evaluate ‘resting’ and ‘recruitable’ endothelial function as change in diameter of the brachial artery (ΔD) during and after 5 minutes of suprasystolic occlusion of the forearm in comparison to baseline artery diameter using B-mode ultrasound (M7, MindRay) in 27 healthy subjects (Age 50.8 ± 9.6 years). Central and peripheral regional arterial stiffness was assessed using applanation tonometry (SphygmocorÒ) to calculate carotid-femoral (cf) and carotid-radial (cr) Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) respectively.

Results

FMD showed a significant negative correlation with crPWV (r = −0.39, p = 0.04) (Figure 1) while LFMC did not correlate with peripheral arterial stiffness. A significant negative correlation was observed between LFMC and cfPWV (r = −0.53, p = 0.006) (Figure 2) but not between FMD and cfPWV.

Conclusion

Impaired NO bioavailability has been identified as the key mechanism associated with reduced FMD and may result in increased smooth muscle tone thereby contributing to a functional decrease in peripheral arterial compliance. The results of the current study suggest that withdrawal of resting vasodilatory influence of NO may not be a major factor involved in LFMC. The exact mechanisms associating resting endothelial function with structural arterial stiffness in the central vessels needs to be further investigated.
3.1 Why Flow Mediated Dilation Fails to Assess True Endothelial Cell Function? A Computational Based Investigation
Authors: Jin Weiwei , Alastruey Jordi , Chowienczyk Phil
Published: February 2020

Objective and Motivation

Endothelial dysfunction is thought to underpin atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, the widely used flow mediated dilation (FMD) in-vivotest of endothelial function relates poorly to clinical outcomes. In this study, we investigated potential confounding factors affecting the FMD test that could prevent FMD from evaluating true endo-thelial cell function.

Methods

Haemodynamics in the larger 116 systemic arteries was simulated using one-dimensional modelling [1] coupled to an endothelial function model relating changes in wall shear stress to changes in local vascular stiffness. Haemodynamics during cuff inflation and deflation were simulated by prescribing time-varying i) transmural pressure changes in the right radial and ulnar 1-D model arterial segments, and ii) peripheral resistances in all right-hand segments. Simulated results were qualitatively tested by comparison against in-vivo data [2].

Results

Our main findings were two. Firstly, by turning off the endothelial function in the model we showed that vasoconstriction immediately after cuff deflation is entirely due to a change in transmural pressure, which offsets shear-mediated vasodilation and leads to a peak dilator response occurring after peak blood flow. Secondly, for the same endothelial function, FMD test values dropped with decreasing peripheral vasodilation, increasing arterial stiffness, and decreasing central blood pressure.

Conclusion

The influence of confounding factors on FMD test results suggests that the current FMD test does not assess true endothelial cell function.
4.1 Hypertension is Associated with Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes only when Both Brachial and Central Blood Pressures are Elevated
Authors: Goupil Remi , Lamarche Florence , Agharazii Mohsen , Madore François
Published: February 2020

Background

The range of central blood pressure (BP) found in individuals with high-normal brachial BP overlaps the one found in hypertension (HTN) and normotension. As central BP is possibly a better predictor of cardiovascular (CV) disease, the aim of this study was to determine the risk associated with different central/brachial BP patterns.

Methods

13,759 participants from a populational cohort with central BP and prospective data from governmental databases who were not treated for HTN were selected. Major adverse CV events (MACE) comprised myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure and CV death. Thresholds for brachial and central HTN were identified as 135 and 125 mmHg respectively. Individuals were separated into 4 BP patterns: normal BP; isolated brachial HTN; isolated central HTN; concordant brachial and central HTN. CV risk for each pattern was compared to normal BP with a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for multiple covariables.

Results

688 MACE occurred over a median follow-up of 70.0 months. Characteristics of individuals in each BP phenotype are presented in Table 1. Only the concordant brachial and central HTN pattern had higher risk of MACE [HR: 1.37 95% CI: (1.15–1.64), p = 0.001] compared to normal BP. Sensitivity analyses with different definitions of central HTN and after stratification for sex yielded similar results.

Conclusion

In untreated individuals, both central and brachial BP need to be elevated to increase CV risk. These findings provide support for the utility of routine central BP measurements in clinical practice.

Demographic characteristics
Normal BP (n = 10,611)
Isolated brachial HTN (n = 394)
Isolated central HTN (n = 496)
Concordant HTN (n = 2,258)

n
10,611
394
496
2,258

Age
51 (46–57)
53 (47–60)
54 (49–62)
56 (51–63)

Male sex
43%
88%
38%
58%

Caucasian race
89%
88%
91%
89%

Cardiovascular disease
2%
2%
4%
2%

Diabetes
4%
8%
3%
6%

Active smoking
19%
22%
16%
21%

BMI (kg/m2)
26 ± 5
28 ± 3
28 ± 5
28 ± 5

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)
90 ± 14
87 ± 15
89 ± 14
88 ± 14

10-year Framingham risk score (%)
8 ± 7
17 ± 10
11 ± 7
18 ± 12

LDL-c (mmol/L)
3.1 ± 0.8
3.1 ± 0.9
3.3 ± 0.9
3.3 ± 0.9

Heart rate (bpm)
70 ± 10
77 ± 11
65 ± 9
71 ± 11

Aspirin
6%
8%
11%
9%

Statin
10%
16%
16%
13%
4.2 Biological and Vascular Contributors to Cerebral Pulsatility and Pulsatile Damping
Authors: Lefferts Wesley , DeBlois Jacob , Augustine Jacqueline , Keller Allison , Heffernan Kevin
Published: February 2020

Cerebral pulsatility is an emerging contributor to brain health that reflects the balance between the transmission and damping (i.e. attenuation) of pulsatility through extracranial vessels into the cerebrovasculature. Identifying biological (age, sex) and vascular contributors to pulsatile balance may provide insight into sex differences in brain aging.

Purpose

Explore biological and vascular contributors to cerebral pulsatility and pulsatile damping.

Methods

282 Adults (53% female) 18–85 yrs underwent measurements of cerebral (middle cerebral artery) pulsatility, pulsatile damping (cerebral:carotid pulsatility), large artery stiffening (aortic:carotid pulse wave velocity (PWV)), and carotid wave transmission/reflection dynamics using wave-intensity analysis. Multiple regression was used to examine the contributions of 1) age, sex, BMI, aortic:carotid PWV, carotid diameter, pulse pressure, and forward-wave energy to cerebral pulsatility; and 2) age, sex, BMI, aortic:carotid PWV, carotid diameter, wave reflection index, and suction-wave energy to pulsatile damping.

Results

Age and female sex were predictors of greater cerebral pulsatility and reduced pulsatile damping. Beyond the effects of age and sex, greater large artery stiffening (β = 0.21), pulse pressure (β = 0.28), and forward wave energy (β = 0.26, model R2 = 0.42, p < 0.05) predicted greater cerebral pulsatility, while greater carotid wave reflection index (β = 0.23, model R2 = 0.49, p < 0.05) predicted greater pulsatile damping.

Conclusion

Our data confirms literature linking age and extracranial artery stiffening and hemodynamics to cerebral pulsatility. Our findings suggest age and female sex are associated with reduced damping of pulsatile hemodynamics, while carotid wave reflections enhance pulsatile damping. Lower pulsatile damping among females may contribute to greater cerebral pulsatile burden compared to males.
4.4 Arterial Stiffness can be Modulated by Pressure-Independent Mechanisms in Hypertension
Authors: Faconti Luca , Farukh Bushra , McNally Ryan , Webb Andrew , Chowienczyk Phil
Published: February 2020

Background

Effects of short-term interventions on large artery stiffness assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) have mainly been explained by concomitant changes in blood pressure (BP). However, lower body negative pressure (LBNP), which increases sympathetic activity (SA) has a specific effect on PWV in healthy volunteers [1].

Methods

We examined effects of lower limb venous occlusion (LVO), a similar intervention to LBNP that reduces BP but increases SA and device guided breathing (DBG), which reduces both BP and SA, on PWV in patients with essential hypertension (n = 70 after LVO, n = 45 after DGB and LVO in random order). The short acting calcium channel antagonist nifedipine was used as a control for changes in BP.

Results

LVO produced a small but significant reduction in mean arterial pressure of 1.8 (95% confidence-intervals, 0.3–3.4) mmHg. Despite this, aortic and carotid-femoral PWV increased during LVO by 0.8 (0.2–1.4) m/s and 0.7 (0.3–1.05) m/s respectively. When comparing effects of DGB with nifedipine (n = 19), nifedipine produced a greater reduction in mean arterial pressure compared to DGB (reduction of 13.4 (10.2–17.7) mmHg and 7.7 (6.4–9.0) mmHg respectively, p = 0.009 between the two) but the decrease in PWV was less than that observed with DGB (0.7 (0.1–1.5) m/s and 1.3 (0.8–1.8) m/s respectively, p = 0.022 between the two).

Conclusion

Arterial stiffness can be modulated independently of BP in patients with hypertension. The mechanism could involve alterations in SA influencing the tone of smooth muscle in the aortic wall.
4.5 Increased Central Pulse Pressure in Children Results From Increased Early Ejection Velocity and Increased Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity
Authors: Li Ye , Gu Haotian , Sinha Manish , Chowienczyk Phil
Published: February 2020

Introduction

The aim of the present study was to examine the contribution of left ventricular ejection, arterial stiffness and systemic vascular resistance to essential hypertension in children with hypertension.

Methods

A total of 81 children aged 7 to 18 years (mean age 14 years) including 31 with hypertension and 50 age matched normotensive children were recruited from the paediatric hypertension clinic and local community. 18 (58.1%) hypertensive subjects were taking anti-hypertensive medication. Non-invasive aortic flow velocity, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central blood pressure were measured by Doppler sonography and carotid tonometry system respectively.

Results

Compared with normotensive subjects, those with hypertension had significantly higher central pulse pressure (43 ± 15 vs. 29 ± 8 mmHg, mean ± SD), heart rate (81 ± 15 vs. 73 ± 11 bpm), and cardiac output (5.4 ± 2.0 vs. 4.3 ± 1.2 L/min), p < 0.01 for all comparisons. There was a trend toward increased stroke volume in hypertensive subjects but there were no significant differences in augmentation pressure, reflection index or systemic vascular resistance between the two groups. The increase in central pulse pressure was explained by an altered pattern of ventricular ejection (initial flow increased from 1.1 ± 0.2 to 1.3 ± 0.2 m/s, p = 0.008) and slight increase in pulse wave velocity from 5.7 ± 0.8 to 6.1 ± 0.9 m/s.

Conclusion

These results suggest that increased central pulse pressure in hypertensive compared to normotensive children is explained by an increase in arterial stiffening and altered pattern of ventricular ejection.
4.8 Reference Values for Submaximal Exercise Blood Pressure: the EXERcise Stress Test CollaboratION (EXERTION)
Authors: Martin Schultz , Kovacevic Ann-Marie , Roberts-Thomson Philip , Stanton Tony , Hamilton-Craig Christian , Wahi Sudir , Hare James , Selvanayagam Joseph , Maiorana Andrew , Venn Alison , Sharman James
Published: February 2020

Background

Exaggerated blood pressure (BP) during submaximal exercise independently predicts cardiovascular mortality and identifies uncontrolled high BP not detected at rest. However, thresholds for submaximal exercise BP during clinical exercise testing have never been defined from a large representative sample, which was the aim of this study.

Methods

Records from 13,949 people referred for a clinical exercise stress test (aged 52 ± 13 years, 61% male) using the Bruce treadmill protocol (stages 1 to 4 plus peak) were extracted from 4 Australian hospitals over the years 2000–2018. Exercise records were linked to administrative health datasets (hospital admissions and emergency presentations) to define clinical characteristics, including cardiovascular disease history. Thresholds denoting exaggerated BP were defined as > 90th centile at each exercise stage.

Results

SBP and DBP thresholds across all stages were higher in males vs. females (stage-1: 180/90 vs 175/90 mmHg; stage-2: 196/94 vs 190/90 mmHg; stage-3: 204/97 vs 196/91 mmHg; stage-4: 210/100 vs 196/92 mmHg; peak: 215/100 vs 206/95 mmHg). SBP at all stages increased stepwise from the 1st to 4th age quartile (p < 0.05), whilst DBP remained similar (stage-1: 163/90 to 185/92 mmHg; stage-2: 180/90 to 204/95 mmHg; stage-3: 193/90 to 210/95 mmHg, stage-4: 200/91, to 210/96 mmHg; peak: 201/95 to 217/100 mmHg). Results were similar irrespective of cardiovascular disease history.

Conclusion

This is the first study to define submaximal exercise BP thresholds during clinical exercise testing. Thresholds were higher in males compared to females and increased with age. These thresholds may help clinicians to identify people at increased high BP-related risk.
TÜRKİYE’NİN DEZAVANTAJLI BÖLGELERİNDE YOKSULLUK OLGUSU
Authors: ÜNLÜ Atilla
Published: February 2020

Türkiye yetmiş dokuz milyonu aşan nüfusu ile yedi bölgeye ayrılmış bir ülkedir. Bölgeler arası coğrafi konum ve pazarlara uzaklık farklılığı ile bölgeler arası güvenlik riski farklılığından kaynaklı olarak Türkiye’de bazı bölgeler ekonomik kalkınma bakımından dezavantajlı bölge durumunda bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ekonomik kalkınma için önemli bir alan olan yoksulluk olgusunu Türkiye’de dezavantajlı bölgeler perspektifinden incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Dezavantajlı bölgelerin yoksullukla mücadelede hangi stratejilere ağırlık vermesi gerektiği sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında veriler resmi istatistikler ve süreli yayınlardan elde edilmiştir.
Elde edilen veriler üç aşamada sunulmuştur. Birinci bölümde yoksulluk, yoksulluk göstergeleri, yoksulluğa ait temel kavramlar ve dezavantajlı bölge tanıma açıklık getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. İkinci bölümde Türkiye’deki yoksulluk olgusu açıklanmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde ise Türkiye’deki dezavantajlı bölgelerdeki yoksulluk olgusu açıklanmıştır. Bu bağlamda dezavantajlı bölgelerdeki yaşam memnuniyeti; işsizlik, sosyal yaşam, güvenlik, çevre, eğitim, sağlık, gelir ve servet başlıkları altında incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, TRC3, TRC2 ve TRB2 bölgesi ortalama yıllık eşdeğer hane halkı kullanılabilir fert geliri, işsizlik oranları, gayri safi yurt içi hâsıla tutarları, eğitim, sağlık gibi önemli alanlarda Türkiye ortalamasının altında kalarak ülkenin en yoksul bölgeleri olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
UZAKTAN İŞ SAĞLIĞI VE GÜVENLİĞİ EĞİTİM KALİTESİNİN KATILIMCILARIN MEMNUNİYET ALGILARI ÜZERİNDE ETKİSİ
Authors: BAYRAM Metin
Published: February 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı uzaktan iş sağlığı ve güvenliği (İSG) eğitimlerinin kalitesinin eğitime katılanların memnuniyet algıları üzerinde etkisini araştırmaktır. Araştırma iki aşamada (2016 ve 2019 yıllarında) Sakarya Üniversitesi amacıyla bir memnuniyet anketi düzenlenmiştir. 2016 yılında gerçekleştirilen birinci aşamada üç yılda bir düzenli olarak verilmesi kanuni zorunluluk olan İSG eğitimlerinin uzaktan eğitim şeklinde verilmesi ile ilgili Sakarya Üniversitesi çalışanlarının memnuniyet algıları ölçülmüş ve söz konusu eğitimlerin daha etkin nasıl gerçekleştirilebileceğine dair çalışan görüşleri alınmıştır. Çalışan görüşleri esas alınarak uzaktan eğitim sürecinde yapılan iyileştirmeler çerçevesinde 2019 yılında çalışan memnuniyet algıları tekrar ölçülmüş ve çalışan memnuniyetinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir iyileşme sağlanıp sağlanamadığı çıkarımsal istatistiki yöntemler kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda daha yetkin eğitimciler tarafından akıcı bir üslup ve görselliği artırılmış ders materyalleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen 2019 yılı uzaktan eğitimlerinden memnuniyetin istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir şekilde yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Çalışanlara yüksek kaliteli eğitim videoları aracılığıyla verilecek İSG eğitimlerinin daha etkili ve verimli olacağı sonucuna varıldı. Ayrıca, belirli bir zaman dilimi içinde belirli bir yerde eğitime katılma kısıtı bulunan çalışanlara sahip işyerlerinin İSG eğitimlerini uzaktan eğitim modunda planlamalarının daha yararlı olacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
DİJİTAL HİZMET VERGİSİNİN DÜNYADAKİ UYGULAMALARI VE TÜRKİYE İLE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ
Authors: DEMİRHAN Habip
Published: February 2020

Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri (BİT)’nin hızla gelişmesi ile birlikte mal ve hizmet sunumundaki çeşitlilik de artmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra zaman ve mekân kavramı değişime uğrayarak sanal ve reel dilemmasını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Söz konusu bu durum ekonomi üzerinde de etkide bulunmuştur. Nitekim teknolojik ilerlemedeki bu hızlı dönüşüm dijital ekonomi diye bir kavramı önümüze çıkarmıştır.
Devletler dijitalleşme ile birlikte artan dijital hizmet sunumunun vergilendirilmesine yönelik çözümler üretmeye çalışmaktadır. Fakat dijitalleşme küresel düzeyde bir durum ortaya çıkardığından dolayı söz konusu bu hizmetleri sunanların vergilendirilmesi sadece bir ülkenin sorunu değil küresel düzeyde çözüm üretilmesi gereken durumlardan biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
Çalışmada, Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (OECD) ve Avrupa Birliği’nin bu duruma yönelik çalışmalarına değinilmekte ve bunun sonucunda dijital hizmet vergisi uygulamaya başlayan örnek ülkelerin uygulamaları incelenmektedir. Bu örnekler ışığındaki Türkiye’de uygulanmaya başlayan dijital hizmet vergisi ile kıyaslaması yapılmaktadır. Netice itibariyle uygulamalar arasında farklılıkların olduğu, Türkiye’deki dijital hizmet vergisi oranının yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiş ve bu farklılıkların azaltılmasına yönelik öneriler yapılmıştır.
ÖZEL YETENEKLİ LİSE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN POZİTİF KARİYER PLANLAMA TUTUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ VE NORMAL GELİŞİM GÖSTEREN POPÜLASYON İLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: GÜLEÇ Sezen , KARABURÇAK Seyit , TATAR Volkan , AKALAN Cengiz
Published: February 2020

Alan yazına bakıldığında, özel yeteneklilerin kariyer planlamaları, yönlendirilmeleri ve bu yöndeki özellikleri ile ilgili oldukça sınırlı sayıda çalışma yapıldığı görülmektedir. Özel yeteneklilerin pozitif kariyer planlamaları konusunda çalışma yapmanın ve sonuçlarını tartışmanın, bu çocukların daha etkili kariyer danışmanlığı hizmeti almaları açısından alana katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu düşünce doğrultusunda yapılan çalışmada, özel yetenekli lise öğrencilerinin pozitif kariyer planlama tutumlarının incelenmesi ve bu tutumların normal popülasyonla karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini Sivas ve Kırşehir Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerinde(BİLSEM) eğitim alan 44 özel yetenekli öğrenci ile bu illerdeki liselerde öğrenim gören 62 normal gelişim gösteren öğrenci olmak üzere, farklı kademelerden toplam 106 lise öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Kalafat (2012) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan Kariyer Geleceği Ölçeği (KARGEL) kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; özel yetenekli lise öğrencilerinin pozitif kariyer planlama tutumlarının alt boyutları olan kariyer uyumluluğu, kariyer iyimserliği ve bilgi boyutlarından aldıkları puanların aritmetik ortalamaları yüksek bulunmuştur. Cinsiyete göre, özel yetenekli öğrencilerin pozitif kariyer planlama tutumları anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemektedir. BİLSEM’de öğrenim görme süresi daha fazla olan özel yetenekli öğrencilerin, pozitif kariyer planlama tutumlarının daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Belirledikleri kariyer hedeflerinde BİLSEM’de aldıkları eğitimin etkili olduğunu düşünen özel yetenekli öğrencilerin, diğerlerine göre pozitif kariyer planlama tutumları, yine daha yüksektir. Kariyer iyimserliği açısından özel yetenekli lise öğrencileri ve normal popülasyon arasında özel yetenekliler lehine anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmaktadır; ancak kariyer uyumluluğu ve bilgi açısından anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmamıştır.
Elevated Arsenic and Lead Concentrations in Natural Healing Clay Applied Topically as a Treatment for Ulcerative Dermatitis in Mice
Authors: Whiteside Tanya E , Qu Wei , DeVito Michael J , Brar Sukhdev S , Bradham Karen D , Nelson Clay M , Travlos Gregory S , Kissling Grace E , Kurtz David M
Published: February 2020

Ulcerative dermatitis in laboratory mice remains an ongoing clinical problem and animal welfare issue. Many products have been used to treat dermatitis in mice, with varying success. Recently, the topical administration of healing clays, such as bentonite and green clays, has been explored
as a viable, natural treatment. We found high concentrations of arsenic and lead in experimental samples of therapeutic clay. Given the known toxic effects of these environmental heavy metals, we sought to determine whether the topical administration of a clay product containing bioavailable
arsenic and lead exerted a biologic effect in mice that potentially could introduce unwanted research variability. Two cohorts of 20 singly housed, shaved, dermatitis free, adult male CD1 mice were dosed daily for 2 wk by topical application of saline or green clay paste. Samples of liver,
kidney and whole blood were collected and analyzed for total arsenic and lead concentrations. Hepatic and renal concentrations of arsenic were not different between treated and control mice in either cohort; however, hepatic and renal concentrations of lead were elevated in clay treated mice
compared to controls in both cohorts. In addition, in both cohorts, the activity of δ-aminolevulinate acid dehydratase, an enzyme involved with heme biosynthesis and a marker of lead toxicity, did not differ significantly between the clay-treated mice and controls. We have demonstrated
that these clay products contain high concentrations of arsenic and lead and that topical application can result in the accumulation of lead in the liver and kidneys; however, these concentrations did not result in measurable biologic effects. These products should be used with caution, especially
in studies of lead toxicity, heme biosynthesis, and renal α2 microglobulin function.
Implementasi Algoritma Naive Bayes Untuk Menentukan Lokasi Strategis Dalam Membuka Usaha Menengah Ke Bawah di Kota Medan (Studi Kasus: Disperindag Kota Medan)
Authors: Suprianto Samuel
Published: February 2020

The business can be influenced by the location of the location and the type of business that was built in the specified location and can develop over time but it is not impossible for bankruptcy to occur because the type of business is not in the right location and promising due to factors that do not support at that location, include that area where the population is not too dense and the land is not that large. For this reason, the authors conduct research on strategic locations to open a particular type of business depending on the location found by the Naive Bayes method. Where the method is used to predict accurately from the many locations that have been researched after that it is determined which is more appropriate area.
Sistem Pakar Mendiagnosa Penyakit Itp (Idiopathic Thormbocytopenict Purpura) Mengunakan Metode Variable Centered Intelligent Rule System (VCIRS)
Authors: Hasibuan Mhd. Iskandar Romadon
Published: February 2020

At this time the use of computer peripheral technology has grown rapidly and is popular in the community. Most people use it not only for commercial purposes, but also to obtain information on the detection of disease quickly and efficiently with computer-based applications that can help the general public to find out the causes and symptoms of these diseases. For this reason, we need a system designed to be able to mimic the expertise of an expert in answering questions and solving a problem in accordance with the knowledge of an expert entered into a computer system. The development of Artificial Intelligence technology that has occurred has enabled the Expert System to be applied in detecting diseases using the programming language. One of them is in providing information about various problems, especially ITP (Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura) disease. The expert system method used is the Variable Centered Intelligent Rule System (VCIRS) used to deal with diagnosing ITP disease. With the facilities provided for users and administrators, it allows both users and administrators to use this system according to their individual needs. Users are given the ease of knowing information about ITP disease, its causes and prevention. This Expert System was created using the Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 Programming Language.
Data Mining untuk Klasifikasi Penderita Kanker Payudara Berdasarkan Data dari University Medical Center Menggunakan Algoritma Naïve Bayes
Authors: Ramadhan Ibnu , Kurniawati Kurniawati
Published: February 2020

The breast cancer sufferers data from the University Medical Center is data about patients suffering from breast cancer based on certain characteristics. This data has abundant information so that data mining can be done with the aim of digging deeper information which of course can be useful in the future. The data class itself is divided into 2 groups: recurrence and non-relapse classes. The technique used in this study is classification using the Naive Bayes algorithm. Naive Bayes is a simple probabilistic prediction technique based on the implementation of Bayes rules with a strong assumption of independence on features. The tool used to find accuracy values is RapidMiner 9.3. Data attributes consist of Class, Age, Menopause, Tumor-Size, Inv-Nodes, Node-Caps, Deg-Malig, Breast, Breast-Quad and Irradiant. In terms of methods, this study uses the CRISP-DM (Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) method. This research is used as information in making decisions to determine policies taken in dealing with patients with breast cancer