bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Réflexions sur une innovation technique gravettienne importante : le double rainurage longitudinal
Authors: Goutas Nejma
Published: July 2015

Si les sociétés gravettiennes de France et d’Europe orientale (Russie) ont eu recours au même «bagage technique » pour l’exploitation des matières dures d’origine animale, la place accordée à certains procédés au sein des systèmes techno-économiques varie toutefois considérablement entre ces deux régions. C’est le cas de l’extraction de baguette par double rainurage longitudinal. Ce procédé, simple d’un point de vue conceptuel, constitue une innovation technique importante dans le domaine de l’exploitation des matières osseuses au Paléolithique supérieur. Pourtant, ce procédé, aux implications techno-économiques «révolutionnaires » , ne s’est pas épanoui de la même façon dans toutes les régions d’Europe au cours du Gravettien. En France, il tient une place importante, voire essentielle à certains moments, dans le travail des matières osseuses, tandis qu’en Europe orientale son impact sur les productions est plus réduit. Nous nous interrogerons donc sur l’origine de ces disparités et plus largement sur les mécanismes en cause dans l’émergence, la diffusion et la pérennisation de ce savoir-faire dans l’Europe gravettienne.
La poterie Hoguette de Choisey (Jura), les Champins. Observations techniques et insertion régionale
Authors: Pétrequin Pierre , Martineau Rémi , Nowicki Patrice , Gauthier Estelle , Schaal Caroline
Published: July 2015

L’étude technique détaillée d’un remarquable vase de type Hoguette, attribué aux 54e-53e siècles av. J.-C., permet de montrer que la diffusion d’une technique nouvelle, la céramique, est liée à des savoir-faire spécifiques et très élaborés. La production de telles céramiques, dont le rôle ostentatoire est démontré, était vraisemblablement entre les mains de potiers expérimentés. Plus tard, vers 5000-4900 av. J.-C., on assiste à une simplification technique de la production céramique, qui précède la fin des poteries Hoguette. Les auteurs proposent un scénario pour les conditions de formation et d’introduction de ce «premier Néolithique » d’origine méditerranéenne jusque dans les vallées du Rhin et du Neckar, tandis que la culture des céréales, du lin et du pavot est associée à des défrichements importants dans le Jura français juste après le milieu du VIe millénaire.
Approche expérimentale du débitage bipolaire sur enclume : caractérisation des produits et analyse des outils de production
Authors: Donnart Klet , Naudinot Nicolas , Le Clézio Laurence
Published: July 2015

In western France, partially because of the lack of flint in the continental area, bipolar technology met with great success during the Neolithic. Beg ar Loued (Île-Molène, Finistère) and Guernic (Saint-Pierre-Quiberon, Morbihan) are good examples of this phenomenon. This paper attempts to reply to some questions arising from these assemblages using experimentation. From knapping tools to finished tools, the aim was to obtain a maximum of information from these experiments in order to answer some problematics but also to propose a useful frame of reference for people concerned with the technological study of industries characterized by the presence of bipolar technology.
Directions astronomiques canoniques des sépultures mégalithiques de Bretagne et de l’Europe atlantique
Authors: Lavalette Daniel
Published: July 2015

The statistical analysis of 151 megalithic graves spread over the European Atlantic coast reveals that the Neolithic builders chose among exactly 10 directions defining 20 circular sectors each 18° wide. The symmetries with respect to the local meridian imply that this system was based on astronomical considerations. A discussion of the knowledge of astronomy that might have been familiar to the Neolithic people suggests that only the solstices were determined directly by visual means and that the other directions were derived by observing particular configurations of the sun’s shadow cast by a gnomon.
Le Premier Mésolithique du Centre-Ouest : modalités techniques de l’industrie lithique
Authors: Michel Sylvène
Published: July 2015

L’étude technologique des industries lithiques du Premier Mésolithique du Centre-Ouest de la France indique des débitages sur matériaux siliceux locaux à régionaux. L’objectif du débitage est la production, au percuteur de pierre en percussion directe, aussi bien de lamelles que d’éclats lamellaires. La réduction de l’investissement technique va de pair avec l’optimisation du rendement et s’affiche tout au long des opérations de débitage : mise en forme simplifiée, maximalisation de l’envahissement des surfaces disponibles avec alors une intégration des phases d’entretien au débitage, utilisation de sousproduits comme support d’outils communs. Les modalités de débitage peuvent être déclinées : une séquence unipolaire semi-tournante peut parfois être suivie d’autres séquences, souvent aux mêmes caractéristiques, la recoupant. On distingue des choix préférentiels régionaux, qui ne semblent déterminés ni par les propriétés des matériaux débités, ni par leur disponibilité, avec une exploitation des volumes plus intense pour les corpus charentais que ligériens. Cette bipartition rappelle une observation stylistique, effectuée sur les armatures, discernant la zone ligérienne de la région charentaise.
Des chasseurs Cerny ?
Authors: Chambon Philippe , Pétillon Jean-Marc
Published: July 2015

La chasse tient durant le Cerny une place exceptionnelle. Cette place se matérialise archéologiquement par le mobilier mis au jour avec les morts : de l’industrie osseuse et de la parure élaborées sur des ossements d’animaux sauvages, et surtout des armatures de flèche qui sont les objets les plus fréquemment associés aux morts de cette culture. Ces armatures nous permettent d’envisager l’équipement de chasse initialement présent dans les tombes : les flèches, les éventuels carquois et l’arc. Les sépultures de type Balloy, qui associent un défunt en position étendue dans un contenant mobile et un «caveau » , nous ont permis de retrouver différentes modalités de dépôt, depuis les armatures déhampées insérées dans un sac ou une boîte posée dans la tombe jusqu’au carquois posé sur le mort. Cette variété des situations peut traduire des sens différents. Si les armatures renvoient explicitement à la chasse et impliquent des flèches et un arc, en revanche d’autres pièces peuvent également s’y rapporter, quoique de manière moins directe : c’est le cas des énigmatiques «tours Eiffel » , dont l’une des fonctions possibles était l’utilisation comme arme d’hast. Rien ne permet d’affirmer que l’équipement déposé est l’équipement personnel du mort : le sujet lui-même n’a quelquefois pas pu faire usage d’arc et de flèches ; quant aux flèches déposées, elles paraissent quelquefois bien «précieuses » pour l’usage qui pouvait en être fait et souvent trop peu nombreuses pour constituer un véritable équipement. L’association des flèches avec ces sujets est avant tout un affichage : il faut se garder de conclure hâtivement que l’activité de chasse prévalait chez ces individus vivants. Le statut ou la fonction de chasseur est avant tout le statut ou la fonction que tiennent ces sujets dans la mort.
Morphology delimits more species than molecular genetic clusters of invasive Pilosella
Authors: Moffat Chandra E. , Ensing David J. , Gaskin John F. , De Clerck‐Floate Rosemarie A. , Pither Jason
Published: July 2015

• Premise of the study: Accurate assessments of biodiversity are paramount for understanding ecosystem processes and adaptation to change. Invasive species often contribute substantially to local biodiversity; correctly identifying and distinguishing invaders is thus necessary to assess their potential impacts. We compared the reliability of morphology and molecular sequences to discriminate six putative species of invasive Pilosella hawkweeds (syn. Hieracium, Asteraceae), known for unreliable identifications and historical introgression. We asked (1) which morphological traits dependably discriminate putative species, (2) if genetic clusters supported morphological species, and (3) if novel hybridizations occur in the invaded range.

• Methods: We assessed 33 morphometric characters for their discriminatory power using the randomForest classifier and, using AFLPs, evaluated genetic clustering with the program structure and subsequently with an AMOVA. The strength of the association between morphological and genotypic dissimilarity was assessed with a Mantel test.

• Key results: Morphometric analyses delimited six species while genetic analyses defined only four clusters. Specifically, we found (1) eight morphological traits could reliably distinguish species, (2) structure suggested strong genetic differentiation but for only four putative species clusters, and (3) genetic data suggest both novel hybridizations and multiple introductions have occurred.

• Conclusions: (1) Traditional floristic techniques may resolve more species than molecular analyses in taxonomic groups subject to introgression. (2) Even within complexes of closely related species, relatively few but highly discerning morphological characters can reliably discriminate species. (3) By clarifying patterns of morphological and genotypic variation of invasive Pilosella, we lay foundations for further ecological study and mitigation.
The evolutionary history of ferns inferred from 25 low‐copy nuclear genes
Authors: Rothfels Carl J. , Li Fay‐Wei , Sigel Erin M. , Huiet Layne , Larsson Anders , Burge Dylan O. , Ruhsam Markus , Deyholos Michael , Soltis Douglas E. , Stewart C. Neal , Shaw Shane W. , Pokorny Lisa , Chen Tao , de Pamphilis Claude , DeGironimo Lisa , Chen Li , Wei Xiaofeng , Sun Xiao , Korall Petra , Stevenson Dennis W. , Graham Sean W. , Wong Gane K‐S. , Pryer Kathleen M.
Published: July 2015

• Premise of the study: Understanding fern (monilophyte) phylogeny and its evolutionary timescale is critical for broad investigations of the evolution of land plants, and for providing the point of comparison necessary for studying the evolution of the fern sister group, seed plants. Molecular phylogenetic investigations have revolutionized our understanding of fern phylogeny, however, to date, these studies have relied almost exclusively on plastid data.

• Methods: Here we take a curated phylogenomics approach to infer the first broad fern phylogeny from multiple nuclear loci, by combining broad taxon sampling (73 ferns and 12 outgroup species) with focused character sampling (25 loci comprising 35877 bp), along with rigorous alignment, orthology inference and model selection.

• Key results: Our phylogeny corroborates some earlier inferences and provides novel insights; in particular, we find strong support for Equisetales as sister to the rest of ferns, Marattiales as sister to leptosporangiate ferns, and Dennstaedtiaceae as sister to the eupolypods. Our divergence‐time analyses reveal that divergences among the extant fern orders all occurred prior to ∼200 MYA. Finally, our species‐tree inferences are congruent with analyses of concatenated data, but generally with lower support. Those cases where species‐tree support values are higher than expected involve relationships that have been supported by smaller plastid datasets, suggesting that deep coalescence may be reducing support from the concatenated nuclear data.

• Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the utility of a curated phylogenomics approach to inferring fern phylogeny, and highlights the need to consider underlying data characteristics, along with data quantity, in phylogenetic studies.
Spatiotemporal features of microsporogenesis in the cycad species Macrozamia communis
Authors: Yan Xiaodong , Bai Mei , Ning Xiping , Ouyang Haibo , Zhang Shouzhou , Yang Ming , Wu Hong
Published: July 2015

• Premise of the study: Spatiotemporal features of microsporogenesis may provide important clues about the evolution of microsporogenesis in seed plants. One cellular feature that attracts special attention is advance cell wall ingrowths (ACWIs) at future cytokinetic sites in microsporocytes since they have been found only in species of an ancient lineage of angiosperms, Magnolia, and in much less detail, of an ancient lineage of gymnosperms, cycads. Further investigation into microsporogenesis in a cycad species may yield knowledge critical to understanding the establishment of ACWIs as an important feature for comparative studies of microsporogenesis in seed plants.

• Methods: Bright‐field and epifluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the microsporogenic process in Macrozamia communis, a species in the Zamiaceae family of cycads.

• Key results: In prophase‐II microsporocytes in M. communis, ACWIs form as a callose ring between the newly formed nuclei and are not accompanied by cytokinetic apparatuses such as mini‐phragmoplasts, wide tubules, or wide tubular networks. Shortly after the second nuclear division, new ACWIs, albeit thinner than the previous ACWIs, form between the newly formed nuclei. Subsequent cell plate formation in the planes of the ACWIs typically results in tetragonal tetrads.

• Conclusions: Cytokinesis at the cell periphery is initiated earlier than cell plate formation in the cell interior in microsporogenesis in M. communis. The cellular features uncovered in M. communis may serve as useful reference features for comparative studies of microsporogenesis in plants.
Electrical properties and mechanical stability of anchoring groups for single-molecule electronics
Authors: Frisenda Riccardo , Tarkuç Simge , Galán Elena , Perrin Mickael L , Eelkema Rienk , Grozema Ferdinand C , van der Zant Herre S J
Published: July 2015

We report on an experimental investigation of transport through single molecules, trapped between two gold nano-electrodes fabricated with the mechanically controlled break junction (MCBJ) technique. The four molecules studied share the same core structure, namely oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE3), while having different aurophilic anchoring groups: thiol (SAc), methyl sulfide (SMe), pyridyl (Py) and amine (NH2). The focus of this paper is on the combined characterization of the electrical and mechanical properties determined by the anchoring groups. From conductance histograms we find that thiol anchored molecules provide the highest conductance; a single-level model fit to current–voltage characteristics suggests that SAc groups exhibit a higher electronic coupling to the electrodes, together with better level alignment than the other three groups. An analysis of the mechanical stability, recording the lifetime in a self-breaking method, shows that Py and SAc yield the most stable junctions while SMe form short-lived junctions. Density functional theory combined with non-equlibrium Green’s function calculations help in elucidating the experimental findings.
The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using continuous flow chemistry
Authors: Baumann Marcus , Baxendale Ian R
Published: July 2015

The implementation of continuous flow processing as a key enabling technology has transformed the way we conduct chemistry and has expanded our synthetic capabilities. As a result many new preparative routes have been designed towards commercially relevant drug compounds achieving more efficient and reproducible manufacture. This review article aims to illustrate the holistic systems approach and diverse applications of flow chemistry to the preparation of pharmaceutically active molecules, demonstrating the value of this strategy towards every aspect ranging from synthesis, in-line analysis and purification to final formulation and tableting. Although this review will primarily concentrate on large scale continuous processing, additional selected syntheses using micro or meso-scaled flow reactors will be exemplified for key transformations and process control. It is hoped that the reader will gain an appreciation of the innovative technology and transformational nature that flow chemistry can leverage to an overall process.
The Benefit of Remote Microphones Using Four Wireless Protocols
Authors: Rodemerk Krishna S. , Galster Jason A.
Published: July 2015

Background:Many studies have reported the speech recognition benefits of a personal remote microphone system when used by adult listeners with hearing loss. The advance of wireless technology has allowed for many wireless audio transmission protocols. Some of these protocols
interface with commercially available hearing aids. As a result, commercial remote microphone systems use a variety of different protocols for wireless audio transmission. It is not known how these systems compare, with regard to adult speech recognition in noise.Purpose:The primary
goal of this investigation was to determine the speech recognition benefits of four different commercially available remote microphone systems, each with a different wireless audio transmission protocol.Research Design:A repeated-measures design was used in this study.Study Sample:Sixteen
adults, ages 52 to 81 yr, with mild to severe sensorineural hearing loss participated in this study.Intervention:Participants were fit with three different sets of bilateral hearing aids and four commercially available remote microphone systems (FM, 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, and Bluetooth®
paired with near-field magnetic induction).Data Collection and Analysis:Speech recognition scores were measured by an adaptive version of the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT). The participants were seated both 6 and 12′ away from the talker loudspeaker. Participants repeated HINT
sentences with and without hearing aids and with four commercially available remote microphone systems in both seated positions with and without contributions from the hearing aid or environmental microphone (24 total conditions). The HINT SNR-50, or the signal-to-noise ratio required for
correct repetition of 50% of the sentences, was recorded for all conditions. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine statistical significance of microphone condition.Results:The results of this study revealed that use of the remote microphone systems statistically
improved speech recognition in noise relative to unaided and hearing aid-only conditions across all four wireless transmission protocols at 6 and 12′ away from the talker.Conclusions:Participants showed a significant improvement in speech recognition in noise when comparing four
remote microphone systems with different wireless transmission methods to hearing aids alone.
Análisis comparativo de la capacidad resistente a flexo-compresión de soportes proyectados con la teoría clásica y con la instrucción actual en ELS y ELU
Authors: Pamies-Rahan T. , León-González J.
Published: July 2015

Las labores de mejora y conservación del patrimonio heredado cada vez son más frecuentes. La experiencia va desvelando, al revisar estructuras existentes de hormigón, que rara vez hay «sufrimiento estructural», lo que aconseja conocer los criterios con que se proyectaron y construyeron esas estructuras para entender su comportamiento y sacarles más partido.

En este artículo se comparan los diagramas de interacción de las estructuras calculadas según la Teoría Clásica, y según la Instrucción actual en ELS y en ELU para determinar los resguardos de seguridad en estructuras existentes, si los hay. Estos resguardos se cuantifican con unas ratios que representan el valor por el que se pueden multiplicar los esfuerzos admisibles según la Teoría Clásica para llegar a los esfuerzos considerados hoy, en servicio y en rotura.
Active Learning Application of Technology Tools and Services and Increased Student Achievement
Authors: Ololube Nwachukwu Prince
Published: July 2015

This chapter evaluated the use of technology tools and services and increased student achievement in online and blended learning environments in higher education institutions, which have experienced universal uptake and is responsible for enormous changes in online and blended learning environment, not only in industrialized nations, but in developing countries education as well, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. Given the role that online and blended learning can play in educational development worldwide, higher education institutions, students, employers, and governments are increasingly urged to examine the economic, demographic, and technological environments of the present so as to ensure comprehensive preparedness for the future. This study employs an inclusive data gathering process. The findings reveal a significant improvement in the use of online and blended learning methods to achieve effective and active academic performance in students. The impact of online and blended learning in higher education institutions is evidenced in the changing instructional strategies to increase student academic achievement, which results from more active interactive learning processes.
Curriculum Implementation and Teacher Motivation
Authors: Makewa Lazarus Ndiku , Ngussa Baraka Manjale
Published: July 2015

While teachers can play role toward success or failure of curriculum implementation, this chapter discusses teacher motivation and curriculum implementation. It particularly attempts to indicate many areas which teachers can be motivated to get involved in effective curriculum implementation. Various theories of motivation are consulted to come up with authoritative document on how teachers can be motivated to play their role in a meaningful sense. These include two-factor theory, self-determination theory, person-object theory, expectancy theory, equity theory, and job enrichment theory. Extensive literature throws light on the theme in a deeper sense and reviewed studies guide us to come up with a discussion that is theoretical in nature. This chapter concludes that although not clearly stated, teacher motivation remains a major component in curriculum implementation.
Curriculum Development Models for Quality Educational System
Authors: Modebelu Melody Ndidi
Published: July 2015

This chapter examines curriculum development models as a veritable working tool for academics, teachers, administrators and planners at various education levels to be utilized to steer and attain quality educational system for national sustainable development. Effective knowledge, development skills, utilization skills and participation of all stakeholders in education are very crucial in achieving quality curriculum development models for quality educational system in Nigeria and other developing nations. This is one way of ensuring that education remains the only tool for revamping the pitiable present state of Nigeria where education seem to have failed to be an instrument of solving today's problems for quality social reconstruction and transformation. For effective discussion, the paper focuses on the following: nature of curriculum, curriculum development, curriculum development models, six major types of curriculum model i.e the objective model, the cyclic model, the situational model, the system approach model, the process model, and the creative technology-learning model. Focus is also on the implications of the curriculum development models on the attainment of excellent educational system for sustainable development. Summary and conclusion are given.
Educational Leadership for Enhancing Quality in Teacher Education
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: July 2015

Educational leadership refers to the process of soliciting and managing the capacities and vitalities of teachers, pupils and parents toward achieving common educational aims. Educational leadership also refers to an individual or group of people who are in charge and lead schools, institutions, programmes and students. The development of leadership as a separate entity goes some way in arguing that an effective educational leader will share much of the same characteristics as a successful business leader. If one sees leadership as a distinct vocation, then one can see that many of the skills and traits are transferable. However, education is a special case, because teaching students has to be the central purpose that educational leadership must reflect. Hence, even if it is drawn from various existent theories of leadership, yet the success is dependent on how much it would enhance the quality of teacher education. The overall mission of this valuable study is to aid researchers in recognizing and understanding the need of educational leadership for enhancing the quality of teacher education.
Technology and Learning
Authors: Lemoine Pamela A. , Yates Marguerite , Richardson Michael D.
Published: July 2015

This chapter presents innovation and change in university preparation of teachers requires acquisition of technological pedagogy in response to the demands of a knowledge economy where students are engaged in technology implementation in a constantly changing world. Teacher preparation programs historically have been contained on campus using face-to-face instruction. As the second decade of the twenty-first century unfolds, universities have adopted online learning in teacher preparation to accommodate the needs of a more diverse clientele. Educator preparation now faces two major challenges: a critical mass generated by Net Generation students who have increased demands for online access to learning and a teaching force without prerequisite skills and dispositions to dramatically alter modes of instruction.
ICT Skills among Library Professionals
Authors: Thanuskodi S.
Published: July 2015

ICT has changed the traditional methods of library activities and services providing new dimensions for teaching, learning and research in higher educational institutions. With the help of ICT tools, it is possible to store, retrieve, disseminate and organize information by creating websites and databases. Information is now published both electronically and by print making it accessible to users according to their demands. The study shows that that out of the total 172 respondents, 53.48 per cent of them belong to the age group of 30-40 years and 20.93per cent of them come under the age group of below 30 years. In this study, 22.58 per cent of the respondents have above 4 hours of access to internet. Majority of the respondents (37.03%) in the age group 40-50 years have above 4 hours of access to internet. The study reveals that librarian take the first position in their overall expertise in system analysis and design, assistant librarian the second, deputy librarian the third, technical staff the fourth and ministerial staff the last.
Public Libraries in the Modern World
Authors: Venkatesan M.N.
Published: July 2015

Modern society has various needs such as education, research, cultural advancement, information, spiritual and ideological pursuits, pastime and recreation. Society has founded various institutions to serve these needs, among them the library occupies a prominent place; the library is able to meet all of them in equal measure. The public library is the local centre of information making all kinds of knowledge and information made available to its users. The public library, the local gateway to knowledge, provides a basic condition for lifelong learning, independent decision making and cultural development of the individual and social group. A public library as enunciated in the UNESCO Manifesto (1994) is expected to play the libraries role in three main areas like information, education and culture. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of how the public libraries support and guides the digital and modern world.
Open Access Literature Productivity of Library and Information Science
Authors: Stephen G. , Balamurugan T.
Published: July 2015

DOAJ is an online directory that indexes and provides access to quality open access, peer-reviewed journals. This chapter shows that open Access literature productivity of Library and Information Science in DOAJ perspective. Totally in DOAJ 124 journals in general library science i.e. 56.12%. In the subject digital library there are 17 journals which is in the second position i.e. 11.80%. There are 3 journals (2.08%) in the subject bibliometrics. There are 40 countries who contributed journals in DOAJ in library science subject. USA is the top most country with 37 (25.69%) journals published. Second position is for Spain with 13 (9.039%) journals. Third and fourth positions are for Brazil, United Kingdom and India with 13 (9.03%), 6(4.17) and 6 (4.17%) journals respectively. For the countries like China, Germany and Canada there are 5 (3.47%) journals at their credit. The study shows that out of the 144 journals, 51 journals are having both print and electronic versions, while 93 journals are having only the electronic versions. The study also shows that academic institutions are the major contributors to OA in DOAJ in library science and second position is owned by commercial. The societies contribute about 7 journals. Many R & D organizations and Institutes are contributing to OA journals. Here 15 journals are contributed by other Organizations. The government organizations are contributing 5 journals which are less compared to others.
Library Resources and Services in Tamilnadu State Central Library (Connemara Public Library)
Authors: ABU K. S.
Published: July 2015

It is a known fact that Chennai city has a well-defined place when talking about landmark buildings, which have gone down the annals of history- Connemara library, certainly a pride of Madras is not only heaven for book lovers and research Scholars, the building by its sheer architectural beauty and marvel acquires a special significance as part of the history of Madras City. Public library is largely regarded as the People's University. It has tremendous developments in India from the early period to till date at various stages. Most of the Indian states now have free public library services to develop the people of India at different levels, which can be stated as below briefly. Majority of the users prefer to search documents directly from the stack room. The main purpose of visiting the library by the users is to prepare for completive examinations and some other purposes are to study in the library and to update their subject knowledge. The general book services provided by the library are highly useful. The Reference services provided by the library are highly useful. The users are satisfied with the information provided in the library. All the services available on the library except latest collections are found to be at satisfactory level. Nearly 7.5 lakhs of collection of books are available in the library. Selection of books is done by book selection committee. Nearly four hundred books are issued daily to the public The uses can retain the book for a maximum of 14 days. The users can renew the books for another three times either through phone or in person. A minimum amount of Rupees two per week is charged as overdue charge.
Impact of Information and Communication Technology among the Physical Education Students in Alagappa University, Tamilnadu
Authors: Vellaichamy A. , Jeyshankar R.
Published: July 2015

This paper focuses on the Impact of Information and Communication Technology among the Physical Education Students in Alagappa University, Tamilnadu. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 214 students of various branches of physical education. The population includes UG students, PG students and Research Scholars. The findings show that Internet has become a significance source for the students as they use internet for education purposes, research work and updating knowledge. A half of the respondents (72.90%) have stated that internet used for E-Mail purpose only. Up to 72% of the respondents have stated that no computer lab is the prime barrier of using ICT Resources. The study suggests that for the optimum utilization of e-journals, consortia's and various other ICT based resources and services and the library should undertake the literacy/orientation programs on regular intervals for their respective respondents.
Developing Meaning-Making to Promote Critical Thinking
Authors: Schoper Sarah E. , Wagner Craig E.
Published: July 2015

Promoting critical thinking is a demand today's teachers are asked to meet (Association of American Colleges and University [AAC&U], 2005; Hart Research Associates, 2013), yet doing so requires that teachers themselves are critical thinkers. In order to critically think, teachers must have the capacity to make meaning complexly. Making meaning complexly allows for individuals to consider experiences from multiple perspectives and make responsible, ethical decisions for the common good. In other words, complex meaning making allows for critical thinking. Thus, a method for promoting critical thinking is to develop complexity in how meaning is made, and one way to do so is to implement the learning partnerships model (Baxter Magolda, 2004). This chapter explores using the learning partnerships model in the classroom to engage in the development of how one makes meaning, so as to develop critical thinking.
Globalization, Cross Border Education, and Student Migration
Authors: Guffey Ryan Vance
Published: July 2015

Presently, there are more than two million students studying outside their home countries and the total number is expected to grow to eight million by 2025. This trend has inspired research into the “push” and “pull” factors that drive student mobility within the global higher education environment. However, despite the growing presence of cross border student enrollments throughout the United States, which is also the number one location for cross border students to study in the world, limited efforts have been made to identify what characteristics motivate particular groups of cross border students to leave their home countries to attend particular types of higher education in the United States. This chapter addresses that gap in the literature. In response, this study sought to build upon existing global higher education literature by determining the relationship between the perceived importance of institutional characteristics and cross border students' age, gender, and country of origin.
The Japanese Tertiary Education System and Its Impact on Economic Conditions from 2000 to 2010
Authors: Kalkbrenner Erin Lee
Published: July 2015

Researchers have calculated the relationship between human capital development and economic output by various means of econometric modeling and by use of numerous indicators under the context of an assortment of human capital theory. In this chapter, new interpretations of the expansion of human capital in the form of tertiary education enrollment and the impacts of various economic conditions in Japan from 2000 to 2010 are identified. Data was collected from UNESCO UIS, OECD, and the World Bank on tertiary enrollments, tertiary expenditures, and other measures utilized during modeling. This chapter applied an OLS non-linear regression in efforts to estimate optimization of tertiary education enrollment to maximize the real growth rate in the Asian region, specifically through the use of point estimates for Japan. Government and educational policy recommendations were made based on computed outputs.
Security Monitoring of the Cyber Space
Authors: Fachkha Claude
Published: July 2015

Adversaries are abusing Internet security and privacy services to execute cyber attacks. To cope with these threats, network operators utilize various security tools and techniques to monitor the cyber space. An efficient way to infer Internet threat activities is to collect information from trap-based monitoring sensors. As such, this chapter primarily defines the cyberspace trap-based monitoring systems and their taxonomies. Moreover, it presents the state-of-the-art in terms of research contributions and techniques, tools and technologies. Furthermore, it identifies gaps in terms of science and technology. Additionally, it presents some case studies and practical approaches corresponding to large-scale cyber monitoring systems such as Nicter. We further present some related security policies and legal issues for network monitoring. This chapter provides an overview on Internet monitoring and offers a guideline for readers to help them understand the concepts of observing, detecting and analyzing cyber attacks through computer network traps.
Thinking Systemically about Security and Resilience in an Era of Cybered Conflict
Authors: Dombrowski Peter , Demchak Chris C.
Published: July 2015

The international system now depends on cyberspace, a global ‘substrate' of massive, complex, insecurely designed networks providing systemic advantages to masses of predators and adversaries. States today face an unprecedented spectrum of ‘cybered conflict' between peace and war with growing existential implications. Their piecemeal searches for defensible jurisdictions are creating a rising Cyber Westphalian world crisscrossed with gateways, holes, national cyber forces, and often partial, uncoordinated, or vague strategies. Over time, the world will have robust, midlevel, and poor cyber powers, with the first tier coercing the others and dominating the rules of exchange. Democratic civil societies are not guaranteed to be robust. For acceptable future societal well-being in a deceptive and opaque cybered world, decision-makers need a systemic approach based on the logic of complex socio-technical-economic systems (STES) to create the systemic resilience and disruption capacities across shareable (across allies/sectors) secure architectures essential to becoming a robust cyber power, which is the focus of this chapter.
Knowledge Requirements for Information Systems Outsourcing
Authors: Smuts Hanlie , van der Merwe Alta , Loock Marianne , Kotzé Paula
Published: July 2015

Information systems (IS) outsourcing is a complex, multi-layered and a multifaceted concept. An organisation may gain access to knowledge it does not own in-house or be able to obtain it at a lower price by entering into an outsourcing relationship. At the same time, the organisation may risk losing key skills and capabilities unless the outsourcing arrangement is managed strategically and knowledge transferred properly. Knowledge management is valuable in preventing a loss of knowledge when an organisation outsources its information system activities. This chapter analyses and describes the knowledge requirements relevant in an IS outsourcing arrangement.
The Role of Reference, Imminent and Current Models in Enterprise Conceptual Modelling
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Hofmann Stephan
Published: July 2015

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems constitute a prerequisite for successfully managing business in many industries, including the logistics industry. Since today's standard ERP systems determine a company's business down to the smallest detail, effectively aligning a company's strategy and business processes with software-given processes is imperative for maintaining a competitive advantage. This calls for defining an Enterprise Conceptual Model based on a sound derivation of imminent processes, either directed towards current, reference or ideal processes. The case study exemplifies that an Enterprise Conceptual Model has actually helped to translate strategic goals and operational needs into business processes and, thereby, align imminent and software-given processes. The application of current, reference and ideal process models for definition imminent processes is shown. Insight is drawn from a one-case case study of a medium-sized Namibian freight forwarder and logistics service provider.
IT Governance Practices of SMEs in South Africa and the Factors Influencing Their Effectiveness
Authors: Boamah-Abu Charles , Kyobe Michael
Published: July 2015

The higher failure rate in SMEs is attributable factors including poor leadership, management and governance. Although IT adoption is prevalent in SMEs, not much is known about its governance. This research investigated IT governance practices in 67 SMEs in selected industries and provinces in South Africa. The findings revealed both sound and poor practices. SMEs with centralised IT departments had better practices, e. g., IT strategic investments; closer interactions among IT and business managers; and training of employees. The other SMEs managed IT opportunities poorly, e. g., irrationally IT investment decision-making; poorly defined IT roles and responsibilities; and noncompliance with IT legislations. It was also found that firm size, industry type and location influenced IT governance practices. Larger SMEs had more effective practices and there were differences in IT resource management among provinces. However, age of a firm and years of IT usage did not have much influence.
The Interplay of Agents in Improvising Telecommunication Infrastructures' Services to Rural Community of South Africa
Authors: Mkhomazi Sharol
Published: July 2015

The deployment of telecommunication infrastructures is a challenge in many parts of South Africa particularly in the rural areas. The challenge has impact of communities' members as they do not have network coverage for Internet in some areas. The challenge gets worse with individual telecommunication service provider. Hence there is technological proposal for sharing of infrastructure by the service providers. However, the sharing of infrastructure is not as easy as notion by many individuals and groups institutions included. The article presents findings from a study on how a South African telecommunication network service provider could deploy shared infrastructures in the country's rural communities. The sharing of infrastructure is described by the structure and actions of agents within the infrastructure sharing process. Structuration theory was employed as a lens in the data analysis. The key findings include insufficient distribution of infrastructure, ownership responsibility, competitiveness, infrastructure deployment cost, and signification of regulation.
Category-Based Interfaces for Mobile Search
Authors: Heimonen Tomi
Published: July 2015

One of the challenges with designing effective mobile search interfaces is how to present and explore the search results. Category-based result organization and presentation techniques have been suggested in literature as a complement to the traditional ranked result list. In the mobile context categories can facilitate information access by providing an overview of the result set, by reducing the need for keyword entry and by providing means to filter the results. This chapter includes a review of recent research on category-based interfaces for mobile search. The chapter also addresses the challenges of evaluating mobile search in situ and presents a longitudinal user study that investigated how a mobile clustering interface is used to search the Web. Results from the study show that category-based interaction can be situationally useful, for example when users have problems describing their information need or wish to retrieve a subset of results. In summary, the chapter proposes future research directions for category-based mobile search interfaces.
Usability Heuristics for Mobile Phone Applications
Authors: Lacerda Thaísa C. , Nunes Juliane V. , Gresse von Wangenheim Christiane
Published: July 2015

In this chapter, we discuss the importance of evaluating the usability of mobile applications using tools and technics that consider their specific characteristics. One common way to evaluate usability is using heuristics. However, since many assumptions regarding usability of computer applications are not true for mobile applications, a question arises: does there exist usability heuristics specific for this type of device? To answer this question, we conducted a systematic literature review. We mapped the encountered sets of heuristics to Nielsen's ten heuristics and identified additional ones specifically proposed for this kind of device. Our review indicates that research with respect to usability heuristics for mobile phones are still sparse. Nevertheless, this chapter provides an overview on the state of the art that can guide the design and evaluation of interfaces for mobile applications as well as provide a starting point for the evolution of such customized heuristics.
Emerging Issues in Mobile Data Capture Methods across Multiple Domains
Authors: Cranwell Jo , Sun Xu , Golightly David , Kefalidou Genovefa , Bedwell Benjamin , Sharples Sarah
Published: July 2015

Mobile device-based data capture studies have potential as contextual data collection methods to address the limitations of the traditional paper-based diary method. The ever-evolving computing power of mobile phones broadens the potential applications of such methods in novel and interesting ways. While there have been a number of studies that demonstrate the power of the mobile device-based diary approach, there is less known about participants' experience of such studies. This chapter presents five case studies to bring together user experiences of participating in mobile data capture studies and evaluates how this can be fed into the future study design.
Perceived Impacts as User Experience Components in Mobile News Making with Smartphones
Authors: Väätäjä Heli
Published: July 2015

This chapter discusses users' perceptions of system impacts as one of the user experience components. Findings from twelve case studies on mobile news making with smartphones are summarized, focusing on the perceived impacts of system use and system characteristics that can contribute to user's perception of system quality. The findings indicate that the perceived impacts of system, i.e., the benefits and costs, for the mobile user, activity, outcome (news and news content), and journalism are important for understanding user experience and therefore the overall evaluative judgments of the system.
Large-Scale Research via App Stores
Authors: Kranz Matthias , Möller Andreas , Michahelles Florian
Published: July 2015

Large-scale research has gained momentum in the context of Mobile Human-Computer Interaction (Mobile HCI), as many aspects of mobile app usage can only be evaluated in the real world. In this chapter, we present findings on the challenges of research in the large via app stores, in conjunction with selected data collection methods (logging, self-reporting) we identified and have proven as useful in our research. As a case study, we investigated the adoption of NFC technology, based on a gamification approach. We therefore describe the development of the game NFC Heroes involving two release cycles. We conclude with lessons learned and provide recommendations for conducting research in the large for mobile applications.
Leadership Role of Adult Education Departments in the Practice of Adult Education in Nigeria
Authors: Biao Idowu
Published: July 2015

This chapter briefly describes the challenges faced by the Nigerian education system as from 1983 after it had performed well between 1960 and 1980. It follows this description with the discussion of the innovative and ingenious educational devise that kept about one third of the number of school age children and youths in school between 1990 and the early part of the 21st century. That innovative educational sub-system was known as non-formal education for the Girl-Child, the out-of-school boy and Quranic school learners and it was developed, nurtured and implemented by academic personnel drawn from the eight existing university departments of adult education in Nigeria at the time. The chapter finally discusses how these departments of adult education worked for the establishment of national structures of adult education which ultimately came to promote both the visibility and popularisation of the modern practice of adult education in Nigeria from the 1980s.