bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing PVdF-HFP/BTO Piezoelectric Sensor based Sensing System for Detecting Volume Expansion of Battery Cell
Authors: Hong Seokwon , Bae Jihyun , Lee Byoung-Sun
Published: April 2024

Piezoelectric sensor can be used to inform the battery safety by detecting the battery swelling induced pressure. In this study, a piezoelectric sensing material, sensor unit, and sensing system were developed using piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene(PVdF-HFP) and piezoelectric ceramic BaTiO3(BTO). Free-standing PVdF-HFP/BTO composite nanofiber web was retrieved as the sensing material due to the nanofiber web-based flexibility and the molecular arrangement driven piezoelectric performances. The PVdF-HFP/BTO composite nanofiber web-based sensor was employed in the automatic pressure sensing system, which provides the visual and audible signals once the pressure exceeds a certain limit. Our work demonstrates that the design of new piezoelectric sensing system is a fruitful pathway to sensing the battery malfunctions.
Recent Progress in Surface Modification for Anti-corrosive/dendritic Zinc Metal anodes toward Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Kim Minsung , Choi Changhoon
Published: April 2024

Aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) have been studied as feasible alternatives for lithium-ion batteries due to their numerous advantages including relatively high safety, cost efficiency, abundant sources, and water compatibility. Despite the remarkable merits of AZMBs, the Zn dendrite growth and severe side reactions such as Zn corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) can easily occur on the Zn surface, which has been considered as a critical problem that provokes short circuits and ultimately leads to AZMB failures. To effectively alleviate these drawbacks, innumerable methodologies focusing on the surface modification of Zn anodes were investigated. In this paper, two representative surface modification strategies ((1) the construction of artificial solid electrolyte interphase of Zn anode, (2) the introduction of uniform Zn electrodeposition inducing layer on the Zn surface) for solving the Zn anodic problems will be reviewed in various aspects.
Investigating the Effect of Co-doping on Structural and Electrical Properties of Li7La3Zr2O12 Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Nasir Mohammad , Seo Jun , Park Jun Seo , Jung Seo In , Kim Hee Jin , Park Hee Jung
Published: April 2024

Garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) has garnered significant attention for solid-state Li-ion batteries due to its commendable Li-ion conductivity, wide electrochemical window, and exceptional chemical and thermal stability. Nonetheless, challenges related to structural instability and air stability persist, impeding its market expansion. Herein, we explore the effects of co-doping (Ga with Sc/Y/In/Er) on the crystal structure and Li-ion conductivity of LLZO through x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and AC impedance measurements. XRD refinement confirms the formation of pure-phase samples with a cubic crystal structure. SEM analysis reveals a dense microstructure with grain sizes exceeding 200 μm and a relative density approaching∼94%. While Ga/Sc and Ga/Y doped LLZO exhibit relatively lower Li-ion conductivity, Ga/Er and Ga/In doped samples demonstrate high conductivity more than 1 mS/cm at room temperature (25°C). Thus, the judicious selection of dopants emerges as an effective strategy for enhancing conductivity in all-solid-state batteries.
The effects of VAT reductions on newly built properties and constructions in Hungary
Authors: Koroseczné Pavlin Rita , Koponicsné Györke Diána
Published: April 2024

Motives: This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility and macroeconomic impact of reduced VAT. As an EU Member State, Hungary may apply reduced tax rates in accordance with the Council Directive 112/2006/EC. In Hungary, due to the high general tax rate, the range of products and services with reduced tax rates plays a special role.Aim: In Hungary, a preferential VAT regime was introduced to reduce the increase in the price of new-build properties. The aim of this study was to examine whether reduced VAT had the desired effect. Therefore, the effect of 5% VAT on the Hungarian real estate price index was analysed based on the data provided by the Hungarian National Bank with the use of various statistical methods.Results: The study demonstrated that a reduced VAT rate on newly built properties that meet certain conditions in Hungary had an impact on the real estate market. The date of the building permit, which is a prerequisite for applying a reduced tax rate, increased real estate prices as an immediate effect, which was reduced somewhat by the final consumer price due to the reduced tax rate. This double effect stabilised the real estate market price index.
Providing asylum – Spatial distribution of accommodation facilities for Ukrainian refugees against the background of local conditions in a less developed Polish region
Authors: Źróbek-Różańska Alina
Published: April 2024

Motives: The war in Ukraine has led to the need to help millions of refugees. Poland has issued the highest number of first residence permits to Ukrainian refugees, and it is the second most popular destination country for the Ukrainians taking long-term refuge. Polish society has shown commendable solidarity – individuals have hosted Ukrainian refugees in their homes, businesses provided shelter in tourist sites, and other organizations – in their facilities. This study highlights an important issue that is usually overlooked in academic studies. Many refugees benefited from the assistance of reception points for accommodation and were directed to places where accommodation was arranged. As a result, thousands of refugees were directed to less developed regions with higher unemployment rates and lower income levels.Aim: The study aimed to present the spatial distribution of the currently used accommodation financed by the Polish state in a less developed region against its socio-economic characteristics. The study focused on powiats (counties), the second-level unit of administration in Poland.Results: The spatial distribution of accommodation facilities was not based on the favorablesocio-economic attributes of the area but solely on the availability of premises that could be promptly adapted for shelter purposes.
Ofiary za sakramenty i sakramentalia na przykładzie Diecezji Ełckiej
Authors: Mozyro Piotr
Published: April 2024

The subject of the article is to present the issues related to offering and accounting for offerings for sacraments and sacramentals using the example of the Diocese of Ełk. The primary source for these considerations is the Code of Canon Law promulgated by Pope John Paul II in 1983, with amendments up to 2022. The starting point of these considerations is to provide a definition of sacrament and sacramental, essentially referring to the 1983 Code of Canon Law and the Catechism of the Catholic Church, with historical data taken into account. The article further clarifies the concept of offering by referring to its dictionary meaning, whether it is an offering made to God or an offering made of oneself. In the first part, the article also presents the general church legislation regarding offerings made for sacraments and sacramentals, considering issues related to accounting, the sustenance of clergy, determining Mass stipends, iura stolae, and associated practices. In the later part of the article, there is a reference to particular legislation within the Diocese of Ełk, with special emphasis on the statutes of the First Synod of the Diocese of Ełk and decisions made by individual bishops of the Diocese of Ełk. The Synod recalls the force of canon 848 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law, which states that, on the occasion of administering sacraments, it is permissible to accept an offering determined by competent church authority and in accordance with prevailing custom. In this part of the article, it becomes evident that particular legislation does not make significant resolutions on the discussed issue but rather creates a space for the practical application of the general norm. Particularly, in the Economic Decree of the Diocese of Ełk, certain practical provisions are found. The last part includes the presentation of customs and issues in applying the legal norm and a summary. It is worth noting that the issue of offerings made by the faithful on the occasion of administering sacraments and sacramentals, the voluntary nature of donations, and the fairness of compensation for clergy is a highly complex matter. It combines the spiritual and material aspects – invisible grace and material object. The Church must safeguard the purity of the sign, eliminate any abuses, and simultaneously ensure the fairness of compensation for clergy. In today’s times, when society, including the faithful of the Catholic Church, expects a high level of transparency, it is important to address the issues that can contribute to a better understanding of the practices of the Catholic Church.
Витоки фортепіанного виконавства Поділля
Authors: Мозгальова Наталія , Селезньов Сергій , Новосадов Ярослав
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the socio-cultural features of the development of Podillia's piano performance. It is noted that piano art is an important part of domestic musical culture. Indicated that the study and generalization of the experience of the past allows a holistic consideration of the radical transformations of modern musical art in general, and piano performance in particular. Features of the development of Podillia's piano performance are considered in the works of N. Kashkadamova, O. Lihus, Yu. Portnyi and others. Piano performance preserves rich experience and cultural traditions of domestic musical art. The authors draw attention to the fact that the birth and improvement of Ukrainian piano art took place under the influence of socio-cultural and geopolitical conditions of the ХІХ-ХХ centuries and involved the synthesis of the creative language of Ukrainian and foreign piano schools. It is noted that Vinnytsia, Khmelnytskyi, Kamianets-Podilskyi are cities in which piano performance in Podillya actively developed. It was determined that during this period one of the foci of development of piano performance in the Podil region were the newly established educational institutions. A. Kotsipinskyi, V. Zaremba, M. Zavadskyi, T. Ganytskyi and others were famous cultural figures who promoted the development of piano performance in Podillia. Their creative achievements intensified the development of piano performance in this region. It is noted that the expansion of Podillia's piano performance opportunities was also initiated by various musical projects, festivals, and competitions held in Vinnytsia. An important event in the cultural life of Vinnytsia was the holding of a series of concerts «History of the development of piano art». Organized by the piano department of the Vinnytsia School, this cycle of concerts was diversified by various pieces of music of different styles and genres.
Теоретичні основи та провідний зарубіжний досвід взаємодії вищої освіти та ринку праці в умовах воєнного стану та післявоєнного відновлення України
Authors: Скиба Юрій , Жабенко Олександр , Ковтунець Володимир , Отич Олена , Червона Леся , Чорнойван Ганна , Ярошенко Ольга
Published: April 2024

В Аналітичних матеріалах (препринті) досліджуються теоретичні основи та провідний зарубіжний досвід взаємодії вищої освіти та ринку праці в умовах воєнного стану та післявоєнного відновлення України. Аналізується стан взаємодії вищої освіти та ринку праці в Україні до початку воєнних дій, а також фактори, що впливають на її трансформацію в умовах воєнного стану та післявоєнного відновлення. Висвітлюється досвід провідних зарубіжних країн у сфері взаємодії вищої освіти та ринку праці в умовах воєнних дій та післявоєнного відновлення. На основі аналізу теоретичних основ та зарубіжного досвіду пропонуються рекомендації щодо вдосконалення взаємодії вищої освіти та ринку праці в Україні в умовах воєнного стану та післявоєнного відновлення.
Політика та механізми реалізації соціальної відповідальності університетів України в умовах війни та під час повоєнного відновлення
Authors: Оржель Олена , Бойченко Михайло , Петроє Ольга , Литовченко Олена , Трима Катерина , Шофолова Наталія , Червона Леся , Бульвінська Оксана
Published: April 2024

Монографію підготовлено авторським колективом відділу взаємодії університетів і суспільства Інституту вищої освіти НАПН України за результатами виконання наукового дослідження «Політика та механізми реалізації соціальної відповідальності університетів України в умовах війни та під час повоєнного відновлення країни» (2021–2023 рр.). Обґрунтовано посилення соціальної відповідальності університетів в умовах знаннєвого суспільства під час воєнного стану та повоєнного відновлення; окреслено ключові напрями реалізації соціальної відповідальності університетів; запропоновано концепцію університетської політики соціальної відповідальності, доповнену механізмом її реалізації; представлено результати соціологічного опитування «Соціальна відповідальність у закладах вищої освіти України: стан та особливості реалізації в умовах війни та повоєнного відновлення»; узагальнено погляди і ставлення до соціальної відповідальності студентів, персоналу та керівництва закладів вищої освіти. Наведено багато фактологічного матеріалу, прикладів реалізації соціальної відповідальності університетами України та світу. Для науково-педагогічних працівників, експертів, дослідників вищої освіти, керівників закладів вищої освіти, студентів та інших осіб, зацікавлених у модернізації вищої освіти, посиленні соціальної ролі університетів, залученні громадянського суспільства до реалізації структурних реформ, глибинних структурних трансформацій у сфері вищої освіти.
ЗМІНИ АГРАРНОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ УКРАЇНИ З ЄВРОСОЮЗОМ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ
Authors: ДУХНИЦЬКИЙ Богдан
Published: April 2024

The article examines current situation about foreign trade in agri-food products between Ukraine and the European Union. Special emphasis is placed on its key indicators after the beginning of free trade zone and full-scale war. Differences between the pre-war period and achievements during the war are highlighted. The unchanged product structure of food supplies from our country to the EU market is showed, with a noticeable increase in its total volumes and diversification of the geography of sales in favor for the states with which transport connections were optimal. As an addition, a general description of agricultural imports to Ukraine from the European Union, its main statistical and analytical characteristics is given. The chronology of the introduction protectionist measures by European countries to various food products of Ukrainian agriculture is given. The conditions and restrictions under which our agricultural exports in 2023 work, especially those introduced by Poland, Hungary and Slovakia, are considered. A comparison of the dynamics of its statistical indicators in different periods of 2023 is made to identify the direct consequences of the restrictions, additionally taking into account the termination of the use of the «grain corridor». At the same time, attention is drawn to the unrestricted flow of food imports from the European Union. Possible challenges and threats that will affect mutual sectoral trade between the parties in the short term is characterized, as well as options for the further development of cooperation. An assessment of the final value of Ukraine's food exports to the EU for 2023 is made, taking into account trends of the 4th quarter in the current year. Proposals and recommendations of a scientific nature are given to optimize bilateral sectoral relations at the current stage of cooperation.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR OPTIMIZING THE PARAMETERS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THERMAL LOAD SOURCES
Authors: LEVKIN DMYTRO
Published: April 2024

The article investigates some aspects of solving the problem of constructing mathematical models for optimizing the parameters of local laser action on multilayer microbiological systems. The constraints on the desired laser parameters and on the temperature field in the material subject to laser fission are set. Verification of compliance with the restrictions on not exceeding the maximum value of the temperature field requires multiple calculations of the corresponding temperature field in the microbiological material. Control over the temperature field limits ensures the viability of its parts during the biotechnological process of laser fission.
To construct adequate optimization mathematical models, the author substantiates the adequacy of the computational mathematical models describing the state of a microbiological system under the action of laser radiation sources. A multi-point boundary value problem with a system of inhomogeneous differential heat conduction equations for a multilayer microbiological medium is investigated and the correctness of this problem is substantiated for minor perturbations of the right-hand side of the differential equation. The results obtained in the article guarantee the adequacy of applied optimization mathematical models for finding rational values of technical parameters of laser emitters.
In order to improve the accuracy of optimization of the technical parameters of laser emitters, the article presents a mathematical modeling of the preparatory stage of embryo defrosting. The presented mathematical models and methods of their implementation are necessary to improve the quality of embryo defrosting. Improvement of the methodology for solving applied biotechnological problems will certainly lead to the complication of mathematical models, but it will increase the accuracy of calculation and optimization of technical parameters of the biotechnological process of laser embryo division.
МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ВПЛИВУ ОПРОМІНЕННЯ НА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ПРОЦЕСУ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ РОСЛИННОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ В ГІДРОПОННІЙ УСТАНОВЦІ
Authors: КУПЧУК ІГОР , МЕЛЬНИК ОЛЕКСАНДР
Published: April 2024

The actual problems of agriculture not only in Ukraine but also in other countries are to increase crop yields, increase nutritional value, quality and reduce production costs, reduce the required production area, the cost of agricultural machinery, etc. In this regard, hydroponic plants look quite promising, as they provide round-the-clock cultivation of a wide range of crops with minimal space, capital and operating costs, and a halved harvest period. The widespread introduction of hydroponic equipment and technology in Ukraine will allow for the fullest realization of the concept of small enterprises, which in this case can be created with little or no start-up capital. In addition, the use of hydroponics will allow existing enterprises of various profiles and small farms to receive additional income or valuable plant material.
Hydroponics is a promising area of modern agriculture that ensures long-term cultivation of the main types of vegetables and greenery in small areas with minimal water and fertilizer consumption. This technology allows you to get a fairly large harvest of fresh vegetables within large cities, including office and residential premises. The main trends in improving this technology are expanding the range of crops grown, their yields, more efficient use of land, soil, nutrients, minerals, water, energy, and reducing the cost of finished products..
The article is devoted to the development and study of a mathematical model of the influence of irradiation on the productivity and quality of hydroponically grown products. In particular, dependencies were obtained to determine the influence of irradiation parameters on the development of lettuce, the use of which allows predicting the size and weight of the plant, forming the basis for optimizing the operating parameters of the hydroponic plant.
ТЕХНІЧНА ПЕРЕВАГА БІСТРУМОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ РОЗПОДІЛЕНОЇ ГЕНЕРАЦІЇ
Authors: КІМСТАЧ ОЛЕГ , ЧУМАК МИКОЛА
Published: April 2024

The paper discusses two circuit types of a distributed generation system for supplying power energy to private households. The first of them is called a mono-current system and it is a combined distributed generation system based on solar panels and a wind generator with power supply to AC loads. The second is called a bi-current system because it has two separate power distribution systems for AC and DC. The paper provides their functional and circuit descriptions, as well as a qualitative comparative analysis. The main goal of the work is to prove the technical advantage of the bi-current system. This problem is solved using the method of relative comparative estimates. The number of transformation elements and the generalized efficiency of the power circuit were selected as comparison criteria.
As you know, for any system the cost is higher and reliability is lower, than its number of elements is more. It has been defined that during the flow of electrical power from sources to loads in a bi-current system, in general, half as many transformation elements are overcome as in a mono-current system. For any system the operating costs are lower, if the efficiency is higher. When calculating the generalized efficiency, only the power circuit was taken into account, since it is the most power-intensive circuit. The calculation was also performed for a stationary mode close to the nominal one. Such assumptions do not allow us to accurately calculate the quantitative values of efficiency, but they allow us to perform a preliminary qualitative comparative analysis. The paper presents algorithms for calculating the efficiency of both systems. An example calculation showed that the efficiency of the bi-current system is approximately 6% higher.
As a result of the research, it was found that the resulting relative estimate of the bi-current system is higher by approximately a quarter of a point, which indicates its clear advantage. Thus, the technical advantage of the bi-current system has been proven, so it is a more promising circuit solution for distributed generation systems.
АЛГОРИТМ ВИЯВЛЕННЯ АБ’ЮЗИВНОГО ВМІСТУ В УКРАЇНОМОВНОМУ АУДІОКОНТЕНТІ ДЛЯ ІМПЛЕМЕНТАЦІЇ В ОБ'ЄКТНО-ОРІЄТОВАНУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНУ СИСТЕМУ
Authors: МОЛЧАНОВА МАРИНА , МАЗУРЕЦЬ ОЛЕКСАНДР , СОБКО ОЛЕНА , ВІТ РОМАН , НАЗАРОВ В’ЯЧЕСЛАВ
Published: April 2024

The paper proposes the basic principles of developing an object-oriented information system for detecting abusive content in Ukrainian-language audio content based on a new algorithm that uses statistical and neural network approaches to detect abusive content. Detecting offensive content in text and audio content is an urgent task, as it helps to create a safe and healthy environment for communication, especially in online platforms. Offensive content can harm the people who hear or read it and violate their rights. It can also have a negative impact on society, contributing to the spread of hatred and violence.
To detect abusive speech in audio content, the proposed approach uses two key components: the use of dictionary methods and the analysis of the emotional tonality of utterances. A set of reviews was used as a dataset to determine the abusive component of the content, which was expanded by the authors by adding words of abuse.
An object-oriented information system architecture written in the Python programming language in the PyCharm programming environment is proposed. The information system consists of a software module for training recurrent neural network models and further saving trained instances, and a software module for detecting abusive content in Ukrainian-language audio content using trained RNN models. Since the recurrent neural network is trained on a short text data set, the system is less efficient at identifying texts that have a larger number of words.
In the example of the proposed approach, the accuracy of detecting offensive content is more than 90%. This means that the algorithm works correctly in the absence of offending highlights in the test data set. The results of the analysis of the effectiveness of the proposed approach show that in the vast majority of cases the conclusions regarding the acceptability of audio content based on the level of abuse are correct.
НЕЧІТКЕ КЕРУВАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОСПОЖИВАННЯМ ЕЛЕКТРОМЕХАНІЧНОГО ОБЛАДНАННЯ ГОЛОВНОГО ВОДОВІДЛИВНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ ЗАЛІЗОРУДНОЇ ШАХТИ
Authors: МИХАЙЛЕНКО ОЛЕКСІЙ , БАРАНОВСЬКИЙ ВЛАДИСЛАВ , ЩОКІН ВАДИМ , ФЕДОТОВ ВЛАДИСЛАВ , ПОЛІЩУК ПЕТРО
Published: April 2024

The paper presents a fuzzy control system for the consumption of electric power by pumps of the main drainage complex of a mine based on the Mamdani fuzzy inference algorithm. The proposed system has a structure with two inputs, such as water inflow and electricity cost, and one output, the power of pumping units. The choice of the Mamdani method for building a fuzzy system is due to the fact that all these inputs and outputs are subject to preliminary expert evaluation. All quantities are fuzzificated by smooth membership functions - Gaussian and sigmoid. The input values of the system are represented by linguistic variables, each of which includes five fuzzy sets that define the membership in the very low, low, medium, high, and very high levels of the corresponding input value. The output of the system contains ten fuzzy sets. During the fuzzification, it was assumed that in order to avoid overloading the pump motors, only one option is considered: their operation at maximum power when there is a very high level of mine water inflow during heavy rains or for other reasons. In all other cases, the operation of at least one of the pumps with the highest permissible power is excluded. A base of 25 fuzzy rules was formed. When defining the rules, it is assumed that in all cases when there is a high water inflow into the mine, all three pumps must be put into operation, regardless of the electricity cost in force in the current period of time. This set of rules is of the highest importance due to the need to prevent flooding of the mine. For other values of water inflow, the output power consumption of drainage pumping units depends on the current cost. This set of rules has a lower priority. We simulated the operation of the dewatering pumping system with and without a fuzzy power consumption control system. The test signal for the "water inflow" input was represented as a random variable with a normal distribution. The test signal for the "electricity cost" input was formed on the basis of real data on the price determined by the operator for the day ahead market for 12/24/2023. It was found that the use of a fuzzy system can reduce the cost of purchasing electricity by 1.24% per day. It should also be noted that the economic effect is achieved not by reducing the level of power consumption, but by rationalizing the operation of the drainage complex, which ensures maximum groundwater drainage performance when the cost of electricity is high, and minimum when it is low.
ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЯКОСТІ ЗБАГАЧЕНОГО БЕЗДРІЖДЖОВОГО ХЛІБА З РІЗНИХ ВИДІВ БОРОШНА
Authors: РАЦУК МАРІЯ , ЮРОВА ТЕТЯНА , САРІБЄКОВА ЮЛІЯ , ЧИХУН ОЛЬГА
Published: April 2024

Today, nutrition is an important factor that determines the state of human health. It is thanks to the right diet that the human body resists the harmful effects of the environment, which affects life expectancy and even the emotional state. The world is facing the issue of the relevance of producing products characterized by high nutritional value and high consumer properties. Bread is accessible to all segments of the population and is one of the most consumed products. There is a growing interest in yeast-free bread, which is widely considered to be healthier and more nutritious, usually contains more vitamins and minerals, and has a lower glycemic index, i.e. less impact on blood sugar levels, making it more beneficial for diabetics
The possibility of making yeast-free bread using different types of flour: rye, whole wheat, and first-grade wheat was investigated. The organoleptic characteristics of the prepared bread products were determined. It was found that all the prepared bread samples comply with the regulatory documentation in terms of surface condition, consistency, smell, and taste. Thus, based on the results of the organoleptic tests, all types of flour used in the study can be used for the preparation of yeast-free bread.
To increase the nutritional value of bread products, it is proposed to add pumpkin meal, a natural product of plant origin containing more than 50 different biologically active components: a significant amount of proteins, essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, to the recipe of unleavened bread made from different types of flour, which can improve the quality and nutritional value of bread. It has been shown that the addition of meal in the amount of 5% provides excellent organoleptic characteristics for the resulting bread products.
АНАЛІЗ МЕТОДІВ РОЗРАХУНКУ ТЕМПЕРАТУРИ НАПІВПРОВІДНИКОВОЇ СТРУКТУРИ СИЛОВИХ НАПІВПРОВІДНИКОВИХ ПРИЛАДІВ В УМОВАХ ЇХ РОБОТИ В КОМУТАЦІЙНИХ НАПІВПРОВІДНИКОВИХ АПАРАТАХ
Authors: САБАЛАЄВА НАТАЛІЯ , ІЛЛАРІОНОВ ВАЛЕРІЙ , ІНОСОВ СЕРГІЙ , ПАВЛЕНКО ВОЛОДИМИР
Published: April 2024

В роботі запропоновано інженерну методику розрахунку температури напівпровідникової структури силових напівпровідникових приладів в умовах їхньої роботи в комутаційних  апаратах  при дії на них короткочасних імпульсів потужності довільної форми; робота виконана на підґрунті аналізу існуючих методів розрахунку температури структури силових напівпровідникових приладів, що працюють у складі комутаційних  апаратів.
Ключові слова: напівпровідниковий апарат, силовий напівпровідниковий прилад, перевищення температури, методика розрахунку
ВИНИКНЕННЯ І РОЗВИТОК ТРІЩИНОУТВОРЕННЯ В ГІРСЬКИХ ПОРОДАХ ПРИ СТАТИЧНОМУ НАВАНТАЖЕННІ
Authors: СОЛОВЕЙ АНДРІЙ
Published: April 2024

The paper examines the occurrence and development of cracks in rocks under static loads, various conditions and factors of crack initiation and development. For comparison, such rocks as concrete, granite, sandstone, plasterboard are taken. This is said to help the cracks in the rock spread in the right direction. The technology of crack formation with the help of insert plates under the action of non-explosive mixtures is considered. When modeling, the minor and major axes of the ellipse around the insert of the plate with holes are taken. Construct isolines of rock destruction at a point in the form of ellipses. Determine the most likely direction of cracks during rock destruction. The conditions for the development of cleavage cracks relative to the axes of anisotropy with maximum and minimum strength are considered. The theoretical and experimental justifications of the rational technological parameters of mining stone blocks by the hole method by the formation of a separation crack in the rock in a given direction have been studied. The determination of the plane stress state around a hole with a 5- and 8-mm-thick insert plate is studied, and equivalent stress diagrams are given. The methods of directional destruction and the occurrence of cracks in rocks when pouring non-explosive mixtures into wells and inserting cartridges with a destructive substance into wells are considered. It clearly shows the greater efficiency of using cartridges that guarantee the appearance of cracks in a precisely specified direction. The influence of the load scheme on the development of a splitting crack in holes with stress concentrators is presented. The model for the analysis of crack formation at the tops of stress concentrators is considered. Non-explosive methods of directional destruction of monoliths using special structures are described. Considered patents for static rock splitting. The results of destruction over a certain time are given. In addition, non-explosive mining of gabbroid rock blocks using destructive mixtures together with surface-active substances is considered.
РОЗРОБКА РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЙ ЩОДО ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПЕРЕРОБКИ ТА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ТЕПЛОМАСООБМІННОГО ОБЛАДНАННЯ ДЛЯ СУШІННЯ БОБОВИХ ТРАВ
Authors: ТВЕРДОХЛІБ ІГОР , ЯРОПУД ВІТАЛІЙ , СОЛОНА ОЛЕНА , ПОЛЄВОДА ЮРІЙ , БАБИН ІГОР
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the development of recommendations for the optimization of technological processes of processing and the use of heat and mass exchange equipment for drying legumes. Legumes are an important source of protein and other nutrients in the food and feed industry, and their drying plays a key role in preserving and increasing shelf life. The article includes analysis of technological processes, selection of optimal heat and mass exchange equipment, control of temperature and humidity, reduction of losses of useful substances and implementation of a quality monitoring and control system. Optimizing these processes will help increase production efficiency and improve the quality of dried leguminous herbs, contributing to the development of the industry and meeting the demand for valuable products.
In this context, our article is devoted to the development of recommendations for the optimization of technological processes of processing and the use of heat and mass exchange equipment for drying legumes. By combining scientific analysis, practical experience and innovative approaches, we set ourselves the task of developing integrated recommendations that will contribute to increasing the efficiency of the drying process, reducing the loss of useful substances and improving the quality of dried legumes.
An important aspect of our article is not only the theoretical base and scientific research, but also a practical approach to solving this problem. We hope that the developed recommendations will find practical application in the agro-industrial sector, contributing to the conservation of resources, increasing the quality and competitiveness of products and contributing to the sustainable development of this important industry.
КОМП’ЮТЕРНИЙ АНАЛІЗ СИСТЕМИ ПОДАЧІ НИТОК З ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРОГРАМНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ ДЛЯ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ АЛГОРИТМУ РЕКУРСІЇ ПРИ ВИЗНАЧЕННІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ НАВАНТАЖЕНЬ
Authors: ЩЕРБАНЬ ВОЛОДИМИР , ВОЛЯНИК ОЛЕКСІЙ , КОЛИСКО ОКСАНА , МЕЛЬНИК ГЕННАДІЙ , ЩЕРБАНЬ ЮРІЙ
Published: April 2024

В роботі, з використання програмного комплексу для реалізації алгоритму рекурсії при визначенні технологічних навантажень, проведений комп’ютерний аналіз системи подачі ниток основи при виготовленні багатошарових тканин.  Визначені значення поточного натягу по зонам заправки ткацького верстата в залежності від форми лінії заправки основних ниток, попереднього натягу, матеріалу направляючих поверхонь, їх форми. В якості структурних елементів використовувалися направляючі великої та малої кривизни з радіальним охоплення напрямної та без нього.
ДО ПИТАННЯ РОЗБУДОВИ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ АВІАЦІЙНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ В ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОМУ АСПЕКТІ
Authors: БОЙКО СЕРГІЙ , КОТОВ ОЛЕКСІЙ , КРИВИХ ЮЛІЯ , ВИШНЕВСЬКИЙ СВЯТОСЛАВ , ГВОЗДІК СТАНІСЛАВ
Published: April 2024

The article defines that Ukraine is a transit country, which gives it opportunities for development and obliges to constantly develop the transport industry at the national level. To date, hostilities are taking place in Ukraine on part of its territories, and in the rest of the territory, the transport infrastructure is in a dilapidated state and needs modernization, and in some places, complete replacement. Meanwhile, vehicles, including aviation, are gradually switching to new alternative types of fuel, which in turn requires the development of the corresponding infrastructure. It should be noted that if we consider aviation transport, in addition to traditional types of fuel, which are currently consumed by the vast majority of aircraft, alternative types of fuel are gradually being introduced. Among them, hydrogen technologies and electric power technologies should be singled out. Therefore, the question of researching the development of the energy component of the air transport infrastructure, including in the aspect of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, is relevant. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the development of the energy infrastructure of aviation infrastructure during the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. In order to increase the reliability of power supply to aviation facilities, the authors proposed the use of electric power generating units based on hydrogen technologies, which require relatively small storage volumes, have high maneuverability, are environmentally friendly and do not depend on the topography of the area, which allows them to find wide application, especially in interaction with sources of distributed generation with stochastic modes of operation.
USING MATHCAD AND LABVIEW FOR MODELING ALGORITHMS FOR DETECTION, LOCALIZATION AND TRACKING OF MOVINGOBJECTS IN VIDEO STREAMS
Authors: KRASILENKO VLADIMIR , KYCHAK VASYL , NIKOLSKY ALEXANDR , LAZAREV ALEXANDER , NIKITOVYCH DIANA
Published: April 2024

У даній роботі запропоновано та змодельовані алгоритми виявлення, локалізації та відстеження рухомих об’єктів у потоці відеокадрів. Запропоновані алгоритми та система базуються на використанні операцій віднімання, а також деяких інших видів операцій над наборами суміжних кадрів. Алгоритми додатково базуються на нелінійних нормалізованих моделях еквівалентності, які використовують функції просторової еквівалентності як дескриптори та міри близькості шаблону та поточного фрагмента відеокадру. Наведено результати моделювання запропонованих алгоритмів у Mathcad та LabView. Використання запропонованого методу, моделей еквівалентності та функцій еквівалентності з оброблених різницевих відеокадрів дає хороші результати розпізнавання та відстеження рухомих об’єктів. Експерименти з імітаційною моделлю в Mathcad показали, що для підвищення якості систем стеження за рухомими об'єктами, в умовах їх відставання від перешкод, найкращим варіантом є використання нелінійних просторових функцій еквівалентності замість взаємних кореляційних просторових функцій при обробці напівтонових зображень. відеокадрів, щоб порівняти фрагменти різницевого поточного кадру, зміщеного вздовж кадру, з опорним різницевим фрагментом, що представляє об'єкт уваги. Запропонований метод стеження було реалізовано в проекті Labview, що дозволило проводити ефективне моделювання. Ряд різноманітних експериментів з відеофайлом, проведених і представлених в роботі, показав, що метод формування відеопотоку з різницевих відеокадрів з урахуванням затримок кадрів в залежності від швидкості руху об'єктів дає кращі результати в порівнянні з до методу без формування різницевих кадрів. Запропонована система на основі методу різницевих кадрів поєднує процес стеження з процесом покращеного розпізнавання фрагментів, розширює функціональні можливості, знижує обчислювальну складність і дозволяє точніше визначати координати цільового вказівника, який рухається та слідує за цим об’єктом.
КІНЕМАТИЧНЕ ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ЯК ЗАСІБ УТОЧНЕННЯ КООРДИНАТ ВОРОЖИХ БПЛА
Authors: АФТАНАЗІВ ІВАН , ШЕВЧУК ЛІЛІЯ , СТРУТИНСЬКА ЛЕСЯ , СТРОГАН ОРИСЯ
Published: April 2024

Метою роботи є підвищення обороноздатності військових підрозділів, населених пунктів України та об’єктів їх інфраструктури шляхом протистояння атакам ударних та диверсійно-розвідувальних безпілотних літальних апаратів (БПЛА). Її основним результатом є створення методики визначення координат, швидкостей та траєкторій просторових переміщень рухомих об’єктів засобами кінематичного проектування та розробка принципових схем оптимального розміщення радіолокаційного пошукового устаткування для успішного виявлення ворожих БПЛА.
Схема захисту базується на визначенні координат, швидкостей руху та траєкторій просторових переміщень ворожих літальних апаратів засобами кінематичного проектування. Встановлені координати ворожих БПЛА повідомляються на оснащенні дронами-ліквідаторами (камікадзе) та стрілецькою зброєю опорні командні пункти або на пункти управління зенітно-ракетними комплексами (ЗРК), які ліквідовують ці літальні апарати.
Вдосконалення радіолокаційного пошуку рухомих об’єктів засобами кінематичного проектування ґрунтується на запровадженні додаткового пошукового радіолокаційного обладнання та математичного апарату уточнених розрахунків координат і параметрів просторових переміщень рухомих об’єктів. Дві спарені радіолокаційні пошукові системи, що оснащені сучасним швидко діючим обчислювальним обладнанням із належним програмним забезпеченням, спроможні «відсіяти» хибні зворотні електромагнітні сигнали. Це надає можливість чітко виокремити розшукуваний рухомий об’єкт і у подальшому відслідковувати його переміщення у просторі.
Для розрахунків миттєвих координат та параметрів просторових переміщень рухомих об’єктів запропоновані відповідні математичні залежності, у тому числі для розрахунків віддалі рухомого об’єкту до радіолокаційних станцій, його координат у запровадженій ортогональній системі координат, швидкості та пришвидшення руху тощо.
Усе це дозволить підвищити ефективність виявлення ворожих ударних та диверсійно-розвідувальних безпілотних літальних апаратів, включно із дронами іранського виробництва моделі Sahed-136.
ARCHITECTURE OF A SOFTWARE SYSTEM FOR SOLVING THE CLASSIFICATION PROBLEM BASED ON PRIVATE DATA
Authors: ONAI MYKOLA , SEVERIN ANDRII
Published: April 2024

Data analysis and artificial intelligence systems are becoming widely used in various spheres of human life. This is confirmed by more typical cases of their use, in particular, the selection of recommendations for the user in e-commerce, the detection of spam in e-mail services, and the moderation of user comments; as well as cases of personal use of such tools (for example, chatbots ChatGPT, Google Bard, Microsoft Copilot have appeared and gained significant popularity in the last two years). One of the key elements of such systems is data, which is necessary for training and testing software systems of intelligent data analysis. A significant amount of diverse data contributes to the construction of a software system with high accuracy. Considering this, the task of choosing and preparation of datasets that can be used in the construction of such systems is important. One of the difficulties in this task is the presence of private information in the datasets, which limits their use for systems of intelligent data analysis.
The paper is devoted to the development of the software system architecture for solving the classification problem based on private data. The existing methods and architectural approaches for privacy-preserving in machine learning were considered. The architecture of the software system was proposed, the characteristic feature of which is the protection of private datasets by using of functional encryption, which allows to increase the number of datasets for training publicly available data analysis and artificial intelligence systems. The proposed architecture of the software system is based on the client-server architecture and functional encryption. The components are a classifier, a generator of encryption keys, and modules of functional encryption and decryption. Prospects for further research were discussed.
МЕТОД ПОКРАЩЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ГЕНЕРУВАННЯ ТЕКСТУ ЗА РАХУНОК ПОВТОРНОГО ПЕРЕДАВАННЯ ЗГЕНЕРОВАНОГО ТЕКСТУ НА МОДЕЛЬ
Authors: ЗДЕБСЬКИЙ ПЕТРО , БЕРКО АНДРІЙ
Published: April 2024

The growing popularity of large language models has emphasized the need to align them with the needs of the user. The alignment task is one of the most important subtasks of artificial intelligence security. Some artificial intelligence researchers claim that in the future this problem will be even more urgent, due to the fact that systems will be more powerful and, in turn, will be better able to find workarounds to achieve the tasks set before them. Currently, these problems arise in commercial products related to large language models, recommender systems, autonomous vehicles, etc.
The task of aligning artificial intelligence systems is to steer the systems to the goals, preferences, and ethical principles of a person. A system is considered aligned if it achieves the intended goals, and misaligned if it pursues certain goals that were not planned. The problem of alignment lies in the difficulty of describing the universal desired behavior, which is why developers of such systems often describe intermediate simplified goals. An example can be receiving feedback from a person. But such an approach can create loopholes and reward the system for imitating the desired behavior. Systems can learn to achieve intermediate goals without achieving the desired final goals. Such misaligned systems can cause harm in real-world use.
The paper proposes a method for improving the quality of text generation by large language models using the GPT-4 model as an example. An iterative method is proposed for matching the generated text with the user's request by retraining the model on examples on which it makes mistakes. Retraining occurs automatically with the transfer to the input of the model of examples in which an error was made for retraining.
Compared to the original base model, the proposed method shows significant improvements, increasing the accuracy from 82.5 to 90. The proposed method during experiments showed promise for practical application in real text generation tasks.
ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ СУЧАСНИХ ХІМІЧНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ ДЛЯ РІДИННОГО ОЗДОБЛЕННЯ ШКІРИ
Authors: ЗАЄЦЬ АНТОНІНА , АНДРЕЄВА ОЛЬГА
Published: April 2024

Natural leather is a by-product of the meat industry, which turns into a valuable product that has high strength, stability, comfort, breathability and is considered one of the best products of the circular economy. In addition, less materials from non-renewable sources are used in leather production than in other industries, recycling of waste is practiced, which contributes to the protection of the environment and sustainable development of society. The choice of processing method, type of equipment and chemical materials is of great importance for the quality of leather and the ecological imperative of its manufacturing technology. At the same time, despite the progress of modern chemical technology, the leather industry constantly needs to find and introduce new, more effective means, which would not only be stable in their properties, available and compatible with the components of the «collagen-chemical material» system, but would also contribute the formation of this system in the direction of creating quality products while reducing the harmful load on the environment. The results of previous studies indicate the prospects of modified liquor materials and polymer compounds.
Taking into account the above, the technological capabilities of modern commercial chemical materials - modified fats of various origins and acrylic polymer - were analyzed by using them in the liquid decoration of semi-finished Wet-blue half skin. Using the methods of organoleptic assessment, chemical analysis, physico-mechanical tests and microscopy, the advantages of these materials compared to those known during retanning-filling and liquoring have been established. The improvement of the indicators of the content of unbound fat in the leather, the limit of tensile strength and elongation at a stress of 10 MPa was revealed. Good elastic-plastic properties and no difference between the strength of the test skins as a whole and their front layer indicate a more even distribution of materials in the structure of the dermis. This correlates with the results of microscopic studies and allows predicting an increase in area yield, that is, a more rational use of scarce leather raw materials. The results of the work will be used in further studies devoted to the optimization of the parameters of the technology of liquid finishing of natural leather.