bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The problem of preparing a teacher for the implementation of the continuity of education of students in primary and secondary schools
Authors: Mendygalieva A.K. , Litvinenko N.V. , Nikolaeva N.T.
Published: December 2020

Russia’s integration into the global innovation sphere, characterized by the emergence of an information society, the transition to an economy based on knowledge, the value of human capital, has determined a new vector for the development of general education. It is faced with the strategic task of updating the content, teaching methods and achieving on this basis a new quality of education in the context of maintaining its fundamental nature and at the same time meeting the modern and innovative needs of society, the state and the individual. The solution to this problem is facilitated by the comprehension and implementation of new approaches to the continuity between primary and secondary schools, which ensure the recognition of their complementary, partner coexistence in the context of strategic lines of interconnection, coordination and complementarity of goals, updated content, organization and technologies of advanced education for the optimal formation of personal, meta-subject and subject results of students in the implementation of Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education and Federal State Educational Standard of Basic General Education. The article proposes one of the ways to solve this problem - to increase the professional competence of teachers of primary general education and teachers of mathematics of basic school in the field of implementing the continuity of mathematical education. The solution to the stated problem is impossible without special training of teachers of primary and secondary schools, which ensures the formation of readiness to implement the continuity of mathematical education of students in primary and secondary schools in the unity of motivational, technological and reflective components.
On some problems of communicative competency of preschool teachers
Authors: Savina N.V. , Murzina N.P. , Namsing E.V.
Published: December 2020

The article substantiates the importance of communicative competency for a modern professional, the professional activity of a teacher and specifically a preschool teacher. The results of studying individual components of communicative competency among teachers of preschool educational organizations are presented. The deficiencies in its development are highlighted and the possibilities of the educational process in a higher educational institution and methodological support in a preschool educational organization in the development of this competency are shown.
Practice format in training future preschool teachers
Authors: Belinova N.V. , Bicheva I.B. , Khanova T.G.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the issue of practice as the basic format of training preschool teachers at the university. Certain issues are brought to the spot such as contradictions between changing cultural, economic, and social environment and traditional, to large extent old-fashioned, regulations in university professional training, the readiness of employers to host and participate in the management of practice activities, the willingness of the teaching staff to mentoring collaboration, the expectation of trainees. The necessity to renovate the system of training is vividly highlighted by the results of the survey held among all the participants of practice. Through the reflexive model of pedagogical practice as an element of the curriculum for training a preschool teacher at a university, we analyze the changes to be introduced in target, technological, content, methodological, and efficiency components.
Training highly qualified personnel for professional activities in the context of digital learning
Authors: Gvildis T.Yu.
Published: December 2020

The article actualizes the solution of the problem of highly qualified teaching staff “Researcher. Lecturer - researcher” in the system of continuing education to carry out professional activities in the conditions of the emerging digital educational environment and presents the main components of a multi-level system of training lecturers for professional activities in the conditions of digital education. In developed countries of Europe, graduates of the third stage of higher education, who are awarded the degree of doctor of philosophy (PhD) at the end of their studies, are the main players in the field of forming a “knowledge society”, which is distinguished by a departure from template solutions in various fields of activity.
Specific interactions of the english language teacher and the logopedist when working with bilingual children
Authors: Demidova A.P. , Zinovieva V.N. , Petrunina L.S.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the specifics of the interaction between an English teacher and a speech therapist within the educational process; substantiated the specifics of constructing binary lessons; the peculiarity of the formation of knowledge assimilation by bilingual children in foreign language lessons is revealed.
Methodic assistance as a technological level of methodic guidance for professionally oriented foreign language education
Authors: Kirillovykh A.A. , Kuklina S.S. , Shevchenko A.I.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the problem of the methodic guidance for instructors who carry out professionally oriented foreign language education in non-linguistic universities. Based on the content-analysis of the concepts of “methodic guidance”, “methodic assistance”, “methodic support”, the levels of functioning of methodic assistance are determined. Using the empirical research methods and the methods of mathematical statistics, the significance and the necessity of the methodic assistance as a technological component of the methodic guidance is confirmed. The main aim of the methodic assistance is to minimize the difficulties in the work of the instructor and thereby to create the conditions for his personal and professional growth. The article also provides an example of the methodic assistance to an instructor for specific didactic and methodic maintenance of foreign language education in German for technical areas of training.
On the possibilities of situational and semantic analysis in the study of professional thinking of higher school teachers to ensure constructive pedagogical communication
Authors: Rakitskaya O.N. , Kuznetsova D.A. , Smirnova Yu.V.
Published: December 2020

The article presents some results of a complex research of the social and psychological characteristics of teachers’ professional thinking which provides interaction between the teacher and the learner in higher school classes. The understanding of the pedagogical situation as a problematic issue in the comparative analysis of militarized and civil university teachers is studied. It is proved that it is necessary to analyze pedagogical situations and find out the subjective meanings that determine the understanding of their problematic character in the psychological and pedagogical support of higher school teachers’ professional training.
Transformation of gender characteristics women teachers in the process of professional activities
Authors: Khalfina R.R. , Khokh I.R. , Khakhlova O.N.
Published: December 2020

The teaching profession is one of the oldest professions on earth. The role of the teacher was performed only by smart and talented people, who from time immemorial were only men. The teacher at all times had an important task, which was to educate a worthy younger generation and transfer the accumulated experience to it. Currently, there is a feminization of education, that is, the role of a teacher is performed mainly by women, mainly feminine. The very same pedagogical activity “requires” from a specialist such qualities as dedication, energy and the ability to lead, which are traditionally male. Under the influence of professional requirements, the personality of the employee changes, which entails his deformation, which also leads to a decrease in the efficiency of labor activity and disturbances in everyday life. Many authors are of the opinion that the whole personality is characterized not by masculinity or femininity, but by androgyny. It is understood as the unification of the female emotional-expressive style and the male instrumental style of activity, freedom of bodily expressions and preferences from the rigid dictate of gender roles. Such a personality is considered to be more adaptive. In the course of our research, we found that feminine teachers prevail among modern women educators. In the group with more than 26 years of teaching experience there are more of them than in the other two groups, while in the group with 16 to 25 years of experience they are the least. Masculinity is observed only in the group with experience from 0 to 15 years, and then in a small amount. The number of androgynous female teachers is predominant in all three groups.
Development of preschool teachers’ creative potential
Authors: Khanova T.G. , Belinova N.V. , Vyalova N.V.
Published: December 2020

In the structure of the teacher’s professional and pedagogical competence, creativity characterizes his creative achievements and is considered as the ability to design new non-standard products and high results by activating creative abilities. The creative potential of teachers is realized in practice through the development of creative products in the field of education, and the form of implementation of such products can be very diverse - from designing and delivering a lesson to pedagogical discovery. Within the framework of this research, ways of developing the creative potential of a teacher have been studied. It is emphasized that for its development, it is necessary, first of all, the inner desire of the teacher, the actualization of the desire for self-development, and creative growth.
Modern pedagogical technologies in the system of additional professional education
Authors: Ilyasova A.N. , Grebennikov J.L. , Ramazanova E.A.
Published: December 2020

The text of this article reflects the results of theoretical and practical research in the field of equipping the system of additional professional education with the means of modern pedagogical technologies that affect the quality of professional training of future specialists. The most relevant pedagogical technologies are considered separately, and their effectiveness or ineffectiveness is confirmed by means of online questionnaires. Besides, a significant segment of the study is devoted to reviewing and comparing the experience of predecessors in this matter. The role of personality –oriented and competence-based approaches in the system of additional vocational education is revealed and actualized, their individual elements, especially significant for research, are singled out. A special place in the structure of the study is occupied by the chosen key method – online questionnaire, which is based on data provided by more than 150 teachers of the systems of both higher professional and additional professional education. All of them are not geographically tied to one place, in connection with which one can judge the objectivity of their opinions, as well as the vast geography of the dissemination of the research results. This method is one of the most effective and promising methods of scientific analytical and reflective research.
Linguistic and psychological bases of the self-developing personality: the effective practices of the implementation of “Portfolio” technology
Authors: Arsentyeva A.Yu. , Prokofieva O.N. , Khachikyan E.I.
Published: December 2020

Self-development is one of the structural components in the competitiveness model of the student’s as prospective specialists. Linguistic and psychological bases are one of the most important elements of self-management, indication of competitiveness and the self-evaluation process as well. The aim of the research was to analyze and evaluate the effective practices of the implementation of “Portfolio” technology. Portfolio is one of the pedagogical tools for facilitation of self-development of competitiveness of prospective specialists in the study environment at university.
Development of social and communicative competence of a future teacher in the process of professional training
Authors: Zotova I.V.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of developing social and communicative competence of future teachers in the process of their professional training. The definition of the concepts of “social and communicative competence”, “professional training of a teacher” is given. The development of the social and communicative competence of a future teacher in the process of his professional training, which is understood as an integral neoformation of a teacher’s personality, being characterized by a set of theoretical, linguistic and methodological knowledge on the development of social and communicative competence of future teachers in the process of his professional training, was considered. Pedagogical conditions for the development of social and communicative competence of future teachers in the process of their professional training were revealed. The results of the experimental work showed that if the pedagogical conditions are observed, future teachers in educational organizations have an increased desire to develop social and communicative competences and strive for achieving effective skills of interpersonal interaction and communication, as well as for knowledge of the methodological foundations and categories of pedagogy, patterns of development and formation of students’ personalities.
Private education in Crimea in the 19th-early 20th centuries: background, foundation, structure
Authors: Shushara Tatiana , Alexandrov Alexandr , Delvig Nataliya
Published: December 2020

The social development process taking place in Russian Federation, the development of new democratic society and its integration into the world and European cultural and educational space have led to an active innovational increase of pedagogical concept and experience, the example of which is represented by private education. The situation in the sphere of education development, determined by directive public administration rejection, the latest configurations of social and educational interaction construction determined the necessity to study the private secondary educational institutions foundation process within the educational reform and its integration into the national education system.
Value-semantic factors of teachers’ professional growth in the context of the longevity problem
Authors: Zotova Natalia , Tikhomirov Mikhail
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the study results of the Russian teachers’ professional longevity. The authors try to highlight the role of value-semantic factors that determine the teacher’s orientation to the productive extension of his professional path beyond the retirement age. The study results, in particular, the analysis of data from in-depth interviews with teachers of retirement age (n = 40) allows us to assert a significant contribution of value-semantic factors to the overall picture of the process of a teacher’s transition to the post-professional period of his life. In particular, three main transition strategies are identified: 1. Postponement; 2. Smooth transition; 3. Forced finish. Each strategy corresponds to a certain type of indicators of a value-semantic nature: attitude to health, attitude to the level of one’s professional efficiency, combining professional and personal goals. There is a high diagnostic value of the metaphor method in the study of the respondents’ professional path.
Training sessions for postgraduates to pass the English exam
Authors: Kabanov Alexander , Savelyeva Nelly , Nevraeva Natalie , Vostretsova Anna , Grishina Elena , Makarova Tatiana
Published: December 2020

Foreign language is a mandatory subject at all stages of higher education - from bachelors to doctoral studies. Knowledge of a foreign language at the present stage of development of science and technology is a very important skill for expanding the exchange of scientific ideas. It is impossible to conduct research in a single country without using world experience. Even with advanced technologies that no one else owns, scientists are forced to study the world’s experience in different fields of activity in order to develop them. Any sphere of human activity involves various developments, so all Sciences are interconnected. Training of young scientists in various fields of science is also based on communication. Without a language, both native and foreign, it is impossible to communicate and understand the subject of study. Reading scientific articles in a foreign language requires knowledge of language grammar and terminology, but as for scientists, this terminology should be narrowly focused. There can be no ambiguity or different interpretations. On the other hand, if we take English words as an example, most of them are polysemantic. Accordingly, it is necessary to operate with the meaning that is applicable in a specific area of use of the term.
Kristallarthropathien und andere Gelenkerkrankungen durch Ablagerungen
Authors: Frohne Inna , Dechant Claudia , Sander Oliver
Published: December 2020

Durch Kristalle und andere Ablagerungen ausgelöste Arthropathien können sich als Zufallsbefund ohne Symptome, aber auch als akute immobilisierende Arthritis eines oder mehrerer Gelenke manifestieren. Sie treten auch koinzident mit anderen Arthropathien und Arthritiden auf. Typisch sind symptomfreie Intervalle. Aber auch chronisch progrediente Erkrankungsverläufe sind bekannt. Die häufigsten Erkrankungen sind durch CPP- und Urat-Kristalle ausgelöst, andere seltenere Ursachen sind die Hämochromatose, Oxalatarthropathie, Ochronose, Lipid- oder Amyloidoseablagerung. Die durch Ablagerungen ausgelösten Arthropathien können damit auch immer ein Indikator für eine Allgemeinerkrankung sein, welche dann einer ganzheitlichen internistischen Betrachtung bedarf. Die Erkrankungswahrscheinlichkeiten nehmen mit dem Alter zu. Neben der typischen Anamnese und Klinik sind die Bildgebung, hier vor allem Ultraschall und die Dual Energy Computertomografie (DECT), die Labordiagnostik inklusive der Synoviaanalyse essenzielle Bausteine der Diagnostik. Die Therapie ist im akuten Schub symptomatisch, sofern möglich sollte eine gezielte Prophylaxe weiterer Ablagerungen erfolgen.
Primäre Immundefekte und Autoimmunität
Authors: Meyer-Bahlburg Almut
Published: December 2020

Primäre Immundefekte sind seltene angeborene Erkrankungen, die lange Zeit vor allem durch eine erhöhte Infektanfälligkeit und das Auftreten schwerer und opportunistischer Infektionen charakterisiert waren. In den letzten Jahren wurden aber zunehmend primäre Immundefekte identifiziert, bei denen die Immundysregulation im Vordergrund steht und die durch Autoimmunität und Autoinflammation gekennzeichnet sind. Chronische Arthritiden und andere rheumatologische Symptome können dabei nicht nur als Komplikation der Immundefekte auftreten, sondern auch eines der charakteristischen Krankheits-definierenden Symptome darstellen. Gerade im Kindes- und Jugendalter kann die rheumatologische Manifestation zudem als erstes klinisches Symptom des zugrunde liegenden Immundefekts auftreten. Daher ist in der Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie ein grundlegendes Wissen über primäre Immundefekte unabdingbar. Im folgenden Übersichtsartikel soll ein Überblick über primäre Immundefekte, die mit rheumatologischen Symptomen einhergehen können, gegeben werden. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auf kürzlich charakterisierten neuen Immundefekten, bei denen die Autoimmunität häufig im Vordergrund steht.
Acute Elevated Resistin Exacerbates Mitochondrial Damage and Aggravates Liver Steatosis Through AMPK/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway in Male NAFLD Mice
Authors: Wen Fengyun , Shi Zhuoyan , Liu Xiaoping , Tan Yuguang , Wei Lan , Zhu Xuemin , Zhang Hui , Zhu Xiaohuan , Meng Xiangmiao , Ji Weixia , Yang Mengting , Lu Zhaoxuan
Published: December 2020

Resistin was identified as a link between obesity and insulin resistance and is associated with many diseases in mice. Deciphering the related development and molecular mechanism is necessary for the treatment of these diseases. Previous studies have revealed that increased resistin levels are correlated with lipid accumulation and play a role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. However, the exact mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear. To further clarify whether acute elevated resistin level exacerbated liver steatosis, a high-fat diet-induced NAFLD animal model was used and treated with or without resistin for 6 days. We discovered that resistin altered mitochondrial morphology, decreased mitochondrial content, and increased lipid accumulation in HFD mice. qRT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that acute elevated resistin significantly altered the gene expression of mitochondrial biogenesis and liver lipid metabolism molecules in HFD mice. Consequently, in vitro experiments verified that resistin reduced the mitochondrial content, impaired the mitochondrial function and increased the lipid accumulation of palmitate-treated HepG2 cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that resistin upregulated proinflammatory factors, which confirmed that resistin promoted the development of inflammation in NAFLD mice and palmitate-treated HepG2 cells. Signaling-transduction analysis demonstrated that acute elevated resistin aggravated liver steatosis through AMPK/PGC-1α pathway in male mice. This reveals a novel pathway through which lipogenesis is induced by resistin and suggests that maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis may be key to treatments for preventing resistin-induced NAFLD aggravation.
Antimicrobial Screening, in Silico Studies and QSAR of Chalcone-based 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole Hybrids
Authors: Yadav Pinki , Lal Kashmiri , Kumar Ashwani
Published: December 2020

The in vitro antimicrobial properties of some chalcones (1a–1c ) and chalcone tethred 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles (2a–2u) towards different microbial strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans are reported. Compounds 2g and 2u exhibited better potency than the standard Fluconazole with MIC values of 0.0063 µmol/mL and 0.0068 µmol/mL, respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed to investigate the binding modes of two potent compounds 2q and 2g with E. coli topoisomerase II DNA gyrase B and C. albicans lanosterol 14α-demethylase, respectively. Based on these results, a statistically significant quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model was successfully summarized for antibacterial activity against B. subtilis.
Saikosaponin D Ameliorates Mechanical Hypersensitivity in Animal Models of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Lee Gyeongbeen , Nam Yeon-Ju , Kim Woo Jung , Shin Bo Hye , Lee Jong Suk , Park Hwan Tae , Kim Pansoo , Lee Ji Hyun , Choi Yongmun
Published: December 2020

We have previously identified saikosaponins as transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 antagonists and showed that saikosaponin D improves neuropathic pain induced by the anticancer drug vincristine in mice. In order to gain more insight into the therapeutic effects of saikosaponin D, we tested saikosaponin D in animal models of neuropathic pain induced by either streptozotocin, which mimics diabetes, or paclitaxel, a commonly used chemotherapy treatment. Our findings indicate that although saikosaponin D improved pain outcomes in neuropathic pain models, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of saikosaponin D appear to differ between streptozotocin- and paclitaxel-induced pain. Streptozotocin-induced neuropathic pain was significantly alleviated 30 minutes after oral administration of saikosaponin D, while 1-day oral administration of saikosaponin D had little effect on paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Attenuation of paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity was evident only after repeated administration of saikosaponin D. Although the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of saikosaponin D remain to be elucidated, our results shed new light on the therapeutic potential of saikosaponin D in the management of neuropathic pain caused by diabetes or chemotherapy.
Gefühle und Gedanken von Erwerbsminderungsberenteten zur Rückkehr ins Erwerbsleben
Authors: Bökel Andrea , Nowik Daniel , Sturm Christian , Briest Juliane
Published: December 2020

Ziel Exploration der Gefühle und Gedanken von Erwerbsminderungsberenteten zur Rückkehr ins Erwerbsleben.

Methodik Im Rahmen einer schriftlichen Befragung von Personen mit zeitlich befristeter Erwerbsminderungsrente beantworteten die Teilnehmenden eine offene Frage, die auf ihre Gedanken und Gefühle im Hinblick auf eine Rückkehr ins Erwerbsleben fokussierte. Die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse wurde als kategorienbildende Textanalyse angewendet.

Ergebnisse Aus 2622 Analyseeinheiten wurden 8 Hauptkategorien induktiv gebildet. Prominente Gefühle im Hinblick auf die Rückkehr ins Erwerbsleben waren Sorgen und Ängste, wie Versagensangst oder das Empfinden von viel Stress und hohem Druck sowie Hoffnungen u.a. auf Erfolgserleben, soziale Kontakte und Anerkennung.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse bieten erstmalig eine systematische Darstellung der Thematik anhand subjektiver Beschreibungen der Betreffenden und stellen sie damit als Expertinnen und Experten in den Fokus der wissenschaftlichen Betrachtung.
Guns don’t kill people…: good guys and the legitimization of gun violence
Authors: Stroud Angela
Published: December 2020

Building on literatures that examine why firearms are appealing and to whom and employing Weber’s concept of “legitimate violence”, this paper utilizes an online concealed carry forum to critically analyze how firearm proliferation is rationalized in the U.S. The analysis focuses on three specific examples of violence—the Parkland, Florida, and Philando Castile shootings, and stories of children who find guns and shoot themselves and/or others. This work is a critical examination of the social construction of “legitimate violence” that deconstructs the discourses embedded in the “pro-gun” notion that the answer to gun violence is more guns.
Perovskite capacitors offer change-sensitive retinomorpic sensors
Authors: Ishimaru Matthew
Published: December 2020

Bio-inspired design for photosensitive perovskite-based capacitors could enable light sensors that respond only to movement.
Biochemical methane potential of Jatropha press cake: Effect of steam explosion pretreatment and co-digestion with crude glycerol
Authors: Ewunie Gebresilassie Asnake , Yigezu Zerihun Demrew , Morken John
Published: December 2020

Biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas generates a considerable amount of Jatropha press cake (JPC) and crude-glycerol (CG) biowastes with intense biogas production potential. However, JPC contains a larger amount of lignocellulosic materials that potentially affect the hydrolysis stage of the anaerobic digestion process, while CG significantly lacks nitrogen needed for microbial biomass growth. Therefore, the present study sought to explore the optimal steam explosion (SE) pretreatment and co-digestion conditions that can improve the methane yields of JPC with inhibitor formation reduction. The effects of different temperature-time combinations during SE on soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) and methane yield of JPC were evaluated using response surface methodology coupled with central composite design (RSM-CCD). JPC was also co-digested with CG, and the methane yield of the mixture was investigated by varying the total organic loading (TOL) and CG levels. The RSM-CCD model predicated that the maximum methane yield (330.14 ml g−1 VS) could be achieved after exploding the JPC at 202 °C for 9.39 min, while relatively high temperature (209 °C) and retention time (13.68 min) were needed to obtain a higher predicted sCOD yield (94.48 g L−1). During the co-digestion processes, the methane yields of the mixture were significantly varied, and co-digesting 2% CG with JPC at 2 g VS L−1 TOL was the optimum condition to obtain a maximum methane yield of 325.25 ml g−1 VS. Thus, considering the environmental and economic advantage of biowaste utilization, co-digesting JPC with CG was the best option for improving the methane yield of the mixture compared to SE pretreatment.
Revisiting the switching characteristics and electroresistance effect in ferroelectric thin film towards an optimized hybrid switching strategy
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyue , Chen Weijin , Zhang Bangmin , Xiong Weiming , Zheng Yue
Published: December 2020

Combining scanning force microscopy characterization and theoretical modeling, in this work, we performed an in-depth study on the electrical/mechanical switching and electroresistance effect in a BaTiO3 thin film. Correlations of the tip load (bias/force and loading time), the switched polarization magnitude, the surface potential, and the tunnel electroresistance are revealed for both electrical and mechanical switching. It is found that electrical switching (with a maximum bias of 4 V) leads to larger saturated switched polarization and sharper switched domain than mechanical switching (with a maximum force of 6600 nN). Meanwhile, mechanical switching exhibits generally smaller surface potential of the switched domain and a more significant tunnel electroresistance effect. However, the load time-dependence of performance is also more serious for mechanical switching. The different characteristics between electrical and mechanical switching are attributed to the charge injection and the switched domain size, which are believed to further affect the surface potential and the tunnel electroresistance of the thin film. At the end, an optimized hybrid switching strategy, which combines tip force and bias, is proposed and shown to be able to achieve complete polarization reversion, low charge injection, high switch speed, and strong tunnel electroresistance effect.
Vibronic and excitonic dynamics in perylenediimide dimers and tetramer
Authors: van Stokkum Ivo H. M. , Jumper Chanelle C. , Lee Tia S. , Myahkostupov Mykhaylo , Castellano Felix N. , Scholes Gregory D.
Published: December 2020

Broad-band pump–probe spectroscopy combined with global and target analysis is employed to study the vibronic and excitonic dynamics of two dimers and a tetramer of perylenediimides. A simultaneous analysis is developed for two systems that have been measured in the same conditions. This enhances the resolvability of the vibronic and excitonic dynamics of the systems, and the solvent contributions that are common in the experiments. We resolve two oscillations of 1399 cm−1 or 311 cm−1 damped with ≈30/ps involved in vibrational relaxation and two more oscillations of 537 cm−1 or 136 cm−1 damped with ≈3/ps. A relaxation process with a rate of 2.1/ps–3.2/ps that is positively correlated with the excitonic coupling was discovered in all three model systems, attributed to annihilation of the one but lowest exciton state.
Electron flow between the worlds of Marcus and Warburg
Authors: Megarity Clare F. , Siritanaratkul Bhavin , Herold Ryan A. , Morello Giorgio , Armstrong Fraser A.
Published: December 2020

Living organisms are characterized by the ability to process energy (all release heat). Redox reactions play a central role in biology, from energy transduction (photosynthesis, respiratory chains) to highly selective catalyzed transformations of complex molecules. Distance and scale are important: electrons transfer on a 1 nm scale, hydrogen nuclei transfer between molecules on a 0.1 nm scale, and extended catalytic processes (cascades) operate most efficiently when the different enzymes are under nanoconfinement (10 nm–100 nm scale). Dynamic electrochemistry experiments (defined broadly within the term “protein film electrochemistry,” PFE) reveal details that are usually hidden in conventional kinetic experiments. In PFE, the enzyme is attached to an electrode, often in an innovative way, and electron-transfer reactions, individual or within steady-state catalytic flow, can be analyzed in terms of precise potentials, proton coupling, cooperativity, driving-force dependence of rates, and reversibility (a mark of efficiency). The electrochemical experiments reveal subtle factors that would have played an essential role in molecular evolution. This article describes how PFE is used to visualize and analyze different aspects of biological redox chemistry, from long-range directional electron transfer to electron/hydride (NADPH) interconversion by a flavoenzyme and finally to NADPH recycling in a nanoconfined enzyme cascade.
Nonvolatile manipulation of electronic and ferromagnetic properties of NiO–Ni epitaxial film by ferroelectric polarization charge
Authors: Yan Ming-Yuan , Yan Jian-Min , Zhang Meng-Yuan , Chen Ting-Wei , Gao Guan-Yin , Wang Fei-Fei , Chai Yang , Zheng Ren-Kui
Published: December 2020

NiO–Ni composite films were heteroepitaxially grown on (111)-oriented ferroelectric 0.31Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.35Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.34PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) single-crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The NiO films prepared in high vacuum are n-type conducting and possess room-temperature ferromagnetism, which originates from oxygen vacancies and the presence of the second Ni phase, respectively. Taking advantage of the electric-field-induced ferroelectric polarization charges, we realized in situ reversible and nonvolatile modulation of both the electrical resistance and magnetism of the film. A relative resistance change of ∼470% is obtained at room temperature, while an appreciable magnetization change of ∼15% was achieved at 50 K by switching the polarization states of PIN-PMN-PT. The coexistence of charge-density-tunable electronic and magnetic properties of NiO–Ni/PIN-PMN-PT heterostructures may provide a strategy to design charge-mediated multiferroic devices for nonvolatile memory and spintronic applications.
Electronic transport in chaotic mesoscopic cavities: A Kwant and random matrix theory based exploration
Authors: Chandramouli Rohit Subbarayan , Srivastav Rohit Kumar , Kumar Santosh
Published: December 2020

We investigate the spectral fluctuations and electronic transport properties of chaotic mesoscopic cavities using Kwant, an open source Python programming language based package. Discretized chaotic billiard systems are used to model these mesoscopic cavities. For the spectral fluctuations, we study the ratio of consecutive eigenvalue spacings, and for the transport properties, we focus on Landauer conductance and shot noise power. We generate an ensemble of scattering matrices in Kwant, with desired number of open channels in the leads attached to the cavity. The results obtained from Kwant simulations, performed without or with magnetic field, are compared with the corresponding random matrix theory predictions for orthogonally and unitarily invariant ensembles. These two cases apply to the scenarios of preserved and broken time-reversal symmetry, respectively. In addition, we explore the orthogonal to unitary crossover statistics by varying the magnetic field and examine its relationship with the random matrix transition parameter.
Tomographic particle image velocimetry flow structures downstream of a dynamic cylindrical element in a turbulent boundary layer by multi-scale proper orthogonal decomposition
Authors: Tang Zhanqi , Fan Ziye , Ma Xingyu , Jiang Nan , Wang Bofu , Huang Yongxiang , Qiu Xiang , Zhou Quan , Lu Zhiming , Liu Yulu
Published: December 2020

This study reports the modification of large and small scales in a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) perturbed by a dynamic cylindrical element (DCE). Tomographic particle image velocimetry (Tomo-PIV) was utilized to measure the flow fields downstream of the dynamic perturbation. By the approach of multi-scale proper orthogonal decomposition (mPOD), the coherent modes relevant to the predefined frequency bands were extracted from the Tomo-PIV dataset. Then, a method was developed to construct the large- and small-scale structures and the DCE-perturbed structure based on the mPOD modes. The DCE impact on the large- and small-scale structures was elaborated by comparing with the unperturbed TBL case. The two-point correlation analysis indicated that large-scale structures appear downstream of the DCE perturbation in a short streamwise length scale. More importantly, the scale rearrangements were further examined by presenting the modulation coefficients between the large scales and small-scale energy. It revealed that even though the DCE perturbation alters the level of correlation, three different types of interaction scenario can still be observed. In the near-wall region, the large-scale structures have an amplitude modulation effect on the small-scale energy with the lower positive coefficients. The reversal scale arrangement was observed at the wall-normal height around the DCE amplitude, which could be attributed to the fluid exchange caused by the new-generated turbulent structures. In the log region, it confirmed that the inclined shear layer resides along the low-speed regions, which supported the robustness of the conceptual model of hairpin packets in the current DCE-perturbed TBL.
Emerging applications at the interface of DNA nanotechnology and cellular membranes: Perspectives from biology, engineering, and physics
Authors: Wang Weitao , Arias D. Sebastian , Deserno Markus , Ren Xi , Taylor Rebecca E.
Published: December 2020

DNA nanotechnology has proven exceptionally apt at probing and manipulating biological environments as it can create nanostructures of almost arbitrary shape that permit countless types of modifications, all while being inherently biocompatible. Emergent areas of particular interest are applications involving cellular membranes, but to fully explore the range of possibilities requires interdisciplinary knowledge of DNA nanotechnology, cell and membrane biology, and biophysics. In this review, we aim for a concise introduction to the intersection of these three fields. After briefly revisiting DNA nanotechnology, as well as the biological and mechanical properties of lipid bilayers and cellular membranes, we summarize strategies to mediate interactions between membranes and DNA nanostructures, with a focus on programmed delivery onto, into, and through lipid membranes. We also highlight emerging applications, including membrane sculpting, multicell self-assembly, spatial arrangement and organization of ligands and proteins, biomechanical sensing, synthetic DNA nanopores, biological imaging, and biomelecular sensing. Many critical but exciting challenges lie ahead, and we outline what strikes us as promising directions when translating DNA nanostructures for future in vitro and in vivo membrane applications.
Modeling cluster formation driven variations in critical electric field of He and Xe near critical point based on electron scattering cross sections
Authors: Haque Farhina , Wei Jia , Cruz Alfonso , Graber Lukas , Park Chanyeop
Published: December 2020

The dielectric breakdown strength of supercritical He and supercritical Xe shows a steep decline near the critical point due to density fluctuation caused by cluster formation. Conventional gas discharge theories are limited in explaining the drastic dielectric strength variation of He and Xe near the critical point. In this study, a dielectric strength modeling approach that is based on the derived cross section data of clusters is utilized to estimate the dielectric strength decline of He and Xe near the critical point. The electron scattering cross section data of He and Xe clusters are derived from those of gaseous He and Xe. Based on the derived electron scattering cross section data, critical electric fields of various He and Xe clusters are modeled as a function of pressure by solving the Boltzmann equation. The proposed modeling approach shows close agreement with the experimentally measured breakdown electrical fields reported in the literature.
Search for CP-violating nuclear magnetic quadrupole moment using the LuOH+ cation
Authors: Maison D. E. , Skripnikov L. V. , Flambaum V. V. , Grau M.
Published: December 2020

The time-reversal and spatial parity violating interaction of the nuclear magnetic quadrupole moment (MQM) of the 175Lu and 176Lu nuclei with electrons in the molecular cation LuOH+ is studied. The resulting effect is expressed in terms of fundamental parameters, such as quantum chromodynamics angle θ¯, quark electric dipole moment (EDM), and chromo-EDM. For this, we have estimated the magnetic quadrupole moments of 175Lu and 176Lu nuclei and calculated the molecular constant that characterizes the interaction of the MQM with electrons in the considered molecules. Additionally, we predict the hyperfine structure constants for the ground electronic state of LuOH+. In the molecular calculations, both the correlation and relativistic effects including the Gaunt interaction have been considered. According to the calculated expressions in terms of the fundamental constants, we conclude that LuOH+ can be a promising system to measure the nuclear MQM.
Internal measurement of magnetic turbulence in ELMy H-mode tokamak plasmas
Authors: Chen J. , Brower D. L. , Ding W. X. , Yan Z. , Osborne T. , Strait E. , Curie M. , Hatch D. R. , Kotschenreuther M. , Jian X. , Halfmoon M. R. , Mahajan S. M.
Published: December 2020

Magnetic turbulence is directly observed internally in the pedestal of ELMy H-mode tokamak plasmas using a newly developed Faraday-effect polarimetry measurement. Fluctuation amplitude is δbr≥15 G (150–500 kHz), with a ratio of magnetic to density fluctuation |δbr/B|/|δn/n|≥0.15. Magnetic turbulence is identified as resulting from micro-tearing-instability and mode growth accompanied by degraded plasma confinement is observed.
Community-based integrated care versus hospital outpatient care for managing patients with complex type 2 diabetes: costing analysis
Authors: Donald Maria , Jackson Claire L. , Byrnes Joshua , Vaikuntam Bharat Phani , Russell Anthony W. , Hollingworth Samantha A.
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThis study compared the cost of an integrated primary–secondary care general practitioner (GP)-based Beacon model with usual care at hospital outpatient departments (OPDs) for patients with complex type 2 diabetes.
MethodsA costing analysis was completed alongside a non-inferiority randomised control trial. Costs were calculated using information from accounting data and interviews with clinic managers. Two OPDs and three GP-based Beacon practices participated. In the Beacon practices, GPs with a special interest in advanced diabetes care worked with an endocrinologist and diabetes nurse educator to care for referred patients. The main outcome was incremental cost saving per patient course of treatment from a health system perspective. Uncertainty was characterised with probabilistic sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation.
ResultsThe Beacon model is cost saving: the incremental cost saving per patient was A$365 (95% confidence interval –A$901, A$55) and was cost saving in 93.7% of simulations. The key contributors to the variance in the cost saving per patient course of treatment were the mean number of patients seen per site and the number of additional presentations per course of treatment associated with the Beacon model.
ConclusionsBeacon clinics were less costly per patient course of treatment than usual care in hospital OPDs for equivalent clinical outcomes. Local contractual arrangements and potential variation in the operational cost structure are of significant consideration in determining the cost-efficiency of Beacon models.
What is known about this topic?Despite the growing importance of achieving care quality within constrained budgets, there are few costing studies comparing clinically-equivalent hospital and community-based care models.
What does this paper add?Costing analyses comparing hospital-based to GP-based health services require considerable effort and are complex. We show that GP-based Beacon clinics for patients with complex chronic disease can be less costly per patient course of treatment than usual care offered in hospital OPDs.
What are the implications for practitioners?In addition to improving access and convenience for patients, transferring care from hospital to the community can reduce health system costs.
Low-level CAM photosynthesis in a succulent-leaved member of the Urticaceae,
Authors: Winter Klaus , Garcia Milton , Virgo Aurelio , Smith J. Andrew C.
Published: December 2020

Pilea peperomioides Diels (Urticaceae) is a semi-succulent herbaceous species native to south-western China that has become popular in cultivation as an ornamental plant. To investigate whether this species possesses the capacity for CAM photosynthesis, measurements were made of CO2 gas exchange and titratable acidity in plants under both well-watered and water-deficit conditions. Plants were found to assimilate CO2 almost exclusively in the light via C3 photosynthesis. However, distinct transient reductions in the rate of net nocturnal CO2 release were consistently observed during the course of the dark period, and under water-deficit conditions one plant exhibited a brief period of net nocturnal CO2 uptake, providing unequivocal evidence of CAM activity. Furthermore, nocturnal increases in titratable acidity in both leaf laminas and petioles were observed in all plants exposed to wet–dry–wet cycles. This is the first report of CAM in the family Urticaceae. The results are discussed in relation to the phylogenetic position of Pilea and the partially shaded montane habitats in which this species is typically found. An updated list of all plant families currently known to contain species with CAM is presented.
Observations of brown band disease in the Gulf of Mannar, India
Authors: Bharath M. Selva , Raj K. Diraviya , Aeby Greta S. , Edward J. K. Patterson
Published: December 2020

The abundance and frequency of coral diseases have increased significantly during recent decades. The Gulf of Mannar in India has well-established coral reefs that have been affected by various climatic and non-climatic issues. Coral diseases, predominantly growth anomalies and white syndromes, have been reported on these reefs, but here we report the first observations of the ciliate disease brown band (BrB) on reefs of the Gulf of Mannar. Colonies with BrB lesions were found at 2 of the 21 islands surveyed, namely Poovarasanpatti and Puluvinichalli. Microscopic analysis of coral lesions confirmed the presence of zooxanthellae within ciliates indicating active feeding of coral tissues. The overall prevalence of BrB disease was 0.8% in Poovarasanpatti and 0.3% in Puluvinichalli. We only found Porites and Platygyra colonies infected with BrB ciliates even though Acropora, which is usually targeted by BrB, was the most abundant coral in our transects. This study extends the geographic range of BrB to the Gulf of Mannar and the host range to include Platygyra spp.
Mechanisms by which adiponectin reverses high fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice
Authors: Li Xiruo , Zhang Dongyan , Vatner Daniel F. , Goedeke Leigh , Hirabara Sandro M. , Zhang Ye , Perry Rachel J. , Shulman Gerald I.
Published: December 2020

Significance

As it is estimated that one in three Americans will suffer from type 2 diabetes by 2050, interventions to ameliorate insulin resistance are of great interest. Adiponectin has emerged as a promising insulin-sensitizing adipokine; however, the mechanisms by which adiponectin administration improves insulin sensitivity are unclear. Here, we show that globular adiponectin (gAcrp30) and full-length adiponectin (Acrp30) reverse insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice through reductions in ectopic lipid in liver and muscle likely by stimulation of LPL activity in eWAT and increased eNOS/AMPK activation and fat oxidation in muscle. These effects, in turn, lead to decreased plasma membrane diacylglycerol content, resulting in decreased PKCε activation in liver and decreased PKCε/PKCθ activity in muscle and improved insulin signaling in these tissues.