bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avian assemblages pattern along forest-tea plantation gradients in the north bank landscape of Eastern Himalaya, Assam, India
Authors: Chetry Vivek , Saikia Prasanta Kumar , Sarma Kuladip , Saikia Malabika Kakati
Published: December 2024

The study explores the patterns of avian communities along forest-tea plantation gradients in the north bank landscape of Eastern Himalayas, India, focusing on the Udalguri district of Assam. The present study aims to identify the impact of transitioning from undisturbed forest to tea plantations on bird diversity and composition. Bird surveys were conducted from August 2022 to June 2023 using point count methods at 16 sampling stations. The results revealed that forests exhibited higher species diversity and functional richness than tea plantations, which showed higher functional evenness and divergence. Additionally, forest edges supported greater species richness and abundance, emphasising their conservation significance. The study also observed significant differences in species composition at varying distances from the forest edge. Key species influencing these differences included the Yellow-footed Green Pigeon (Treron phoenicopterus) and various bulbul species (Pycnonotus spp.), indicating habitat sensitivity and edge effects. These findings suggest that while tea plantations can accommodate certain adaptable species, forests play a crucial role in providing habitats for a wider range of avian species. In addition, the study highlights the importance of conserving forest edges and comprehending avian responses to habitat mosaics for effective biodiversity conservation.
Factors influencing nest site selection of the Laughing Dove (Spilopelia senegalensis) in an urban area in Karaj, Iran
Authors: Banisaffar Morteza , Shabani Afshin Alizadeh
Published: December 2024

Urban habitats are rapidly changing, making the conservation and management of species adapted to these environments challenging. Nest site selection is a pivotal point in the process of habitat selection and breeding for bird species. We measured 10 structural and spatial characteristics at 32 nest presence sites and 64 randomly selected nest absence sites of Laughing Doves (Spilopelia senegalensis) in an urban environment in Karaj, Iran. To model the nest site selection, we performed spline binary logistic regression. Two variables significantly influenced the nest site selection of Laughing Doves: nest height above ground, with an optimal range of ~286–347 cm, and nest concealment, favoring invisible places from the front and sides. Distance to opposite building, with an optimal range of ~16–34 m, was marginally significant. Additionally, we surveyed the feasibility of occupying artificial nestboxes (n = 17) by Laughing Doves between February and September 2019. The occupancy rate of the artificial nestboxes was ~35%. Overall, these results suggest that despite the relatively high structural heterogeneity of our urban environment, Laughing Doves exhibit distinct preferences for certain nest site characteristics, which may reflect a dependence on close proximity to humans for safety and access to food and water.
Urban population of the Common Wood Pigeon in Krasnodar
Authors: Lykov Egor L.
Published: December 2024

Data on population density and location of nests of the Common Wood Pigeon (Columba palumbus) in Krasnodar is presented for the first time. The highest population density was recorded in cemeteries (10.4±1.4 pairs/10 ha, reaching 12.1 pairs/10 ha in one cemetery). The population density values in green residential areas with a predominance of 5-story housing blocks and in parks are comparable 2.9±1.2 and 2.7±1.0 pairs/10 ha, respectively. The average Common Wood Pigeon population density in the city was 3.4±0.8 pairs/10 ha. In residential areas with a predominance of 5-story housing blocks, the nests were located in trees and shrubs belonging to 13 taxa, predominantly in ash (18.4%), linden (15.8%), horse chestnut (13.2%) and elm (13.2%) trees. The nests were located at a height of 5.5 to 15 m above the ground, (9.6±0.4 m). The higher location of Common Wood Pigeon nests in Krasnodar compared to other European cities is probably associated with a lower level of predation by the Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix). The Common Wood Pigeon began to breed in Krasnodar in the early 2000s during a period of a phenomenal upsurge in construction activity in the city when the pace of development was comparable to that in Moscow.
Population density and distribution of the Eurasian Eagle-Owl (Bubo bubo) in the Republic of Mordovia (Middle Volga)
Authors: Andreychev Alexey , Lapshin Alexander , Kuznetsov Vyacheslav , Alpeev Maksim , Lapshin Igor
Published: December 2024

We determined the population density and number of Eurasian Eagle-Owl in one of the regions of Russia (Republic of Mordovia). The work was carried out over sixteen years (2009–2024). The studies were conducted using methods of direction finding of vocalizing birds with subsequent search for nests and with the use of digital voice recorders. The Eurasian Eagle-Owl reliably lives in 16 out of 22 districts (72.7%). During our research, we built more than 60 artificial nests, in which Eurasian Eagle-Owls subsequently settled. In total, during the research period, 89 Eurasian Eagle-Owl habitats (of which 38 in four stationary sites), 125 nesting cases, and 214 chicks were identified. Over the entire period, the birds laid 282 eggs. Productivity for couples was 76%. The most successful years in terms of the number of eggs and chicks in nests were 2014, 2018, 2022, 2023. The density of the Eurasian Eagle-Owl population ranges from 3.1 to 5 pairs per 100 km2. The total population density in the open spaces of the region can reach 583 habitats. The presence of a large number of ravines with stands determines the high population density of Eurasian Eagle-Owl in Mordovia. Making artificial nesting boxes in ravines improves the suitability of breeding sites and promotes better survival of young individuals.
Vulnerable bird species and avian mortality due to predation by domestic cat (Felis catus) in anthropogenically transformed landscapes of the Bukovynian Carpathians
Authors: Yuzyk Andriy
Published: December 2024

The domestic cat (Felis catus) poses a significant threat to bird fauna, particularly in the urbanised, anthropogenically transformed landscapes of the Bukovynian Carpathians, Ukraine. This study aimed to determine the annual bird mortality rate due to cat predation and identify vulnerable species to this threat. Using the Monte Carlo method with 10,000 iterations, mortality rates were calculated. Data were gathered from sociological surveys, field observations, and scientific publications. The methodology included estimating the number of rural pets and feral cats across 877.9 km2, calculating population density, and assessing bird predation. Annually, an average of 509,000 birds are killed, with a 95% mortality estimate range between 188.6 thousand and 1,008.6 thousand, which highlights the cats’ impact on local bird populations. Linear regression models were developed to predict bird mortality based on cat population size. The regression formulae are nBFC = 44.10 * nFC for feral cats and nBRP = 32.92 * nRP for rural pets. A total of 62 vulnerable bird species were identified in these landscapes of the Bukovynian Carpathians.
Domed nests do not offer additional environmental protection in some songbirds
Authors: Charles Deeming D. , Badham Ashleigh , Kidman Grace
Published: December 2024

Nest architecture in birds is highly variable ranging from simple scrapes through to elaborate woven constructions. In species that nest in open situations the nest can have a cup open to the elements or the nest has a dome positioned over the cup. The functional properties of domed nests have yet to be explored and this study compared the thermal insulation and rainproofing properties of nests built by four species of European songbird, two of which build domed nests whereas the others build open cup nests. Insulatory values were recorded using temperature loggers. Nests were exposed to a simulated rain event and the amount of water absorbed and the minutes for the nest to dry were determined. The nests were then deconstructed into their component parts. Materials used to build the nests differed among the species. Differences in thermal insulation were associated with the species and the size of the nest. The amount of water absorbed by a nest during a simulated rainfall event was negatively associated with the size of the nest. Feathers and moss had significant positive effects on thermal insulation and rainproofing, respectively. There was no significant difference between domed and open nests in terms of thermal insulation or rainproofing, except for the time taken for a nest to dry, which showed a significant interaction between nest mass and type of nest. Insulatory values and degree of rainproofing were like data from previous reports for songbird nests of comparable size. That no differences observed between domed and open cup nests in the species studied may reflect similarity among species, although it may be due to a paucity of data from a wider range of species building domed nests.
Communal nesting ecology of Little Tern (Sternula albifrons) and Small Pratincole (Glareola lactea) in two seasonally emerged riverine islands in Bangladesh
Authors: Sadik Allama Shibli , Datta Ashis Kumar
Published: December 2024

The nesting ecology of two wetland-dependent bird species, the Little Tern (Sternula albifrons) and the Small Pratincole (Glareola lactea) were studied in two seasonally emerged riverine islands, locally named as charlands in Padma River of Bangladesh. A total of 269 and 299 nests of Little Tern and Small Pratincole were found in the breeding season of 2022. We monitored 70 nests of the two species from two charlands, and the nesting success was 74.28% and 78.57%, respectively. No correlation was found between nesting success of both species in relation to clutch size, nest height, nest depth and presence of vegetation near nest. We found strong positive correlation between nesting success and nest distance to river for Little Tern. Nesting success was higher if the Little Tern’s nests were located far from the river channel. However, no such trends were observed for Small Pratincole in the study area. The main factor affecting Little Tern nesting success was nest predation by avian predator (n = 6) and tropical storms (n = 3). On the contrary, eight Small Pratincole nests were predated by avian predators and four nests were lost due to storm. However, in case of 12 deserted nests (with unhatched eggs) of both species, no apparent reasons were identified. The study suggests that these charlands, if protected from human interferences, can provide great breeding support for colonial ground nesting waterbirds.
Impact of Thermal Process on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Rabbit Meat
Authors: Mastan O.A. , Longodor A. L. , Maris S. , Becze A. , Andronie L. , Pop I. , MesaroȘ D. , Coroian A.
Published: December 2024

Rabbit meat represents food with a chemical composition beneficial to the human body. Due to its protein content and low fat levels, it is widely used in the diet of people with various health problems. Through preparation and heat treatments, some components lose their value, and these treatments can also increase the content of compounds that can be toxic to the human body. The sensory characteristics obtained after frying and smoking are appreciated by most consumers. The highest average values are for phenanthrene, both in smoked and fried meats and in raw rabbit meat. Among the hydrocarbons analyzed, benzo(a)anthracene is in the lowest quantity, This study shows the influence of some cooking, frying and smoking processes on the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rabbit meat.
Design of Matlab/Opensim Robust Controller of an Exoskeleton for Disuse Muscular Atrophy Rehabilitation of a Human Arm
Authors: Djoudi Dalila , Bouzid Zakaria
Published: December 2024

The mean goal of this paper is to describe the design and control approach of an exoskeleton for rehabilitation of the disuse muscular atrophy of a human arm. This work includes three main parts: Firstly, the exoskeleton model wes design by Autodesk Inventor 3D software. Secondly, the dynamic simulation of the designed exoskeleton model attached to the human arm was performed using OpenSim software and its Matlab API extension, and finally a robust control law was simulated in order to ensure tracking of the rehabilitation trajectories applied by the exoskeleton to the human arm. OpenSim software makes it possible to simulate movements with musculoskeletal models, namely, the human arm. Rehabilitation in this case consists in a precise exercises given by the therapist. In our case, it is the repetitive trajectories given to the exoskeleton that must be controlled. A sliding mode controller was used since it is a robust control and ensures the best solutions to uncertainty issues. Through simulation, we tested some rehabilitation reference trajectories for the elbow and shoulder. The controller ensures high performances in terms of trajectory tracking in the presence of initial errors and also in the presence of model parameter errors. That showed the effectiveness of the exoskeleton control.
Effect of Different Doses of Ethephon on Vegetative Characters, Sex Expression and Yield of Cucumber [Cucumis Sativus] In Rainas Municipality, Lamjung, Nepal
Authors: Khatiwada Peshal , Kandel Bikash , Chand Nischal , Koirala Kaushal , Chaudhary Niraj
Published: December 2024

This study was carried out at the research field of Rainas Municipality, lamjung, Nepal from February to June 2022. It was conducted to evaluate the effect of different doses of ethephon on vegetative character, sex expression and yield of cucumber. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications and 5 treatments (four different doses of ethephon @ 100 ppm, @ 300 ppm, @ 400 ppm and @ 500 ppm as well as water spraying as control). Spraying was done twice, the 1st at two true leaf stage and the 2nd at four true leaf stage. The observed data were analyzed using Gen stat and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to find out the significant differences between the mean values at 5% level of significance. Among various concentration of ethephon, the most potent doses of ethephon to increase female flower were 100 ppm, 300 ppm and 400 ppm. The treatment with 300 ppm ethephon result early emergence of female flower, higher number of female flower and lower sex ratio followed by 400 ppm. Yield of cucumber was found higher with 300 ppm ethephon comparison to other treatment. The benefit-cost ratio (B:C ratio) was found highest at 300 ppm ethephon treatment and lowest in the control group. Considering various impacts of different doses of ethephon, treatment with 300 ppm ethephon is recommended.
Potential of Biochar-Based Fertilizers for Increasing the Productivity of Okra in Gajuri, Dhading
Authors: Shrestha Aavash , Sai Rijwan , Devkota Manjul
Published: December 2024

Sustainable agricultural production depends on increasing crop productivity while preserving soil health and reducing environmental risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of biochar (10 t ha-1) based organic and inorganic fertilizer for increasing okra productivity through a field experiment conducted in Gajuri, Dhading. A 130 m2 area was divided into six treatment groups, each with four replications, using a Randomized Complete Block Design. The following were the treatments: i) inorganic fertilizer (RF); ii) biochar plus inorganic fertilizer (BF); iii) biochar plus vermicompost (BVC); iv) biochar plus poultry manure (BPM); v) biochar (BC); vi) control; neither biochar nor fertilizer (CK). The recommended rates of urea, di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), and muriate of potash (MOP) were applied to the mineral NPK fertilizers in RF and BF. The rate whereby organic fertilizers were applied was 200 kg N ha-1. Plots treated with biochar and various fertilizer groups were compared in terms of growth and yield efficiency. The BVC treatment was found to exhibit poorer growth performance in terms of plant height, number of leaves, primary branches, and nodes compared to the combination of biochar and poultry manure. Fruit output rose by 170% over CK (7.13 mt ha-1) and by 53.26% over RF (12.58 mt ha-1) after BPM treatment (19.28 mt ha-1). While BF and RF did not significantly differ in terms of growth characteristics, BF outproduced RF by 29% and CK by 126.79% in terms of pod yield. BF and BPM offered greater financial rewards than alternative treatments.
Why do Farmers not Use Fertilizer? A Case of Multistorey Cropping System with Abaca under Coconut in Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines
Authors: Repaso Aladin , Salingay Raquel , Zacarias Zabdiel , Pabiona Myrna , Detalla Maria Estela , Paulican Ma. Stella
Published: December 2024

The Zamboanga Peninsula region significantly contributes to the Philippine coconut production, wherein abaca is also cultivated as an additional crop within coconut plantations. Still, coconut farmers belong to the country’s poverty sector. Abaca plays a significant role in providing an alternative source of income as a perennial intercrop in agroforestry systems like coconut. However, the productivity and sustainability of this farming system are affected by practices such as nutrient management, which is not explicitly known. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study applies a combination of quantitative and qualitative data-gathering techniques to assess the nutrient management practices adopted by the 33 qualified respondents, including challenges encountered and perceptions to abaca under the coconut farming system and fertilizer use. Quantitative data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 29, and thematic analysis was utilized for qualitative data. Results indicate that most (88%) of the farmers in the area did not apply fertilizers for their abaca. Yet, they still consider abaca as one of the income-generating crops besides coconut. The lack of financial resources and irregular harvesting operations are significant challenges that hinder fertilizer application. Findings revealed the need to develop low-cost and practical nutrient management technology for abaca under coconut, which shall be complemented with an effective human resource management system of skilled harvesters for the continuous harvesting operation of abaca to translate good crop growth into good yield and income. This will serve as a basis for government institutions and other stakeholders in developing and implementing programs and policies to improve the abaca and coconut industries.
‘Farfia’ Kayısı Meyvelerinin Depolanabilirliğine Modifiye Atmosfer Paketleme ve 1-Metilsiklopropen Uygulamalarının Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Meral Nursel , Şen Fatih , Yılmaz Enes
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada, modifiye atmosfer paketleme (MAP) ve 1-metilsiklopropen (1-MCP) ‘Farfia’ kayısı çeşidi meyvelerinin hasat sonrası dayanımlarına etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma; a) Kontrol, b) MAP, c) 1-MCP, d) MAP + 1-MCP, e) RipeLock™ MAP ambalaj + 1-MCP olacak şekilde beş farklı uygulama gerçekleştirilmiştir. 1-MCP, 24 saat 625 ppb olarak uygulanmıştır. ‘Farfia’ kayısı çeşidine ait meyveler 8 hafta süreyle 0°C’de %90 nemde depolanmıştır. Depolama öncesi ve süresince 2 haftalık periyotlarla alınan örneklerde ambalajların ağzı açılarak 2 gün raf ömründe (20°C) bekletildikten sonra ağırlık kaybı, renk, meyve eti sertliği, suda çözünür kuru madde miktarı, asitlik, pH, toplam fenol miktarı, antioksidan aktivitesi, solunum hızı, etilen salınımı, duyusal değerlendirme ve çürüklük gelişimi belirlenmiştir. MAP’ın yer aldığı uygulamalar, kayısı meyvelerinin ağırlık kaybını depolama ve raf ömrü süresince önemli derecede azalttığı görülmüştür. Meyve eti sertliğinin korunmasında, MAP ile 1-MCP’nin birlikte uygulamaları etkili olmuştur. MAP’ın yer aldığı uygulamalarda meyvelerin solunum hızları daha düşük bulunmuştur. MAP ve 1-MCP’nin teksel ve birlikte uygulanmaları kayısı meyvelerinin etilen salınımını yavaşlatmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda MAP ile 1-MCP’nin birlikte yapıldığı uygulamalardaki ‘Farfia’ kayısı meyvelerinin 42 gün başarıyla saklanabileceği saptanmıştır.
Farklı Uygulamaların Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) Tohumlarının Çimlenme ve Fidan Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Yasak Rabia Dilara , Akay Ercan , Balkıç Recep , Altınkaya Lokman , Gübbük Hamide
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma, moringa tohum çimlenmesi ve fidan gelişimi olmak üzere iki aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Öncelikle moringa tohumlarına kontrol dışında, dört farklı uygulama (a: 35°C’deki ılık suda 24 saat bekletme; b: 1000 ppm GA3 çözeltisinde 24 saat bekletme; c: -1MPa polietilen glikol (PEG) çözeltisinde 24 saat bekletme; d: 2500 ppm mikrobiyal gübre çözeltisinde 24 saat bekletme) yapılmıştır. Kontrollü koşullarda gerçekleştirilen çimlendirme denemelerinde sıcaklık, 25°C ve oransal nemi ise %80’in üzerinde olacak şekilde ayarlanmıştır. Tohum ekiminden sonra, çimlenme oranı, süresi ve çimlenme enerjisi her bir uygulama için belirlenmiştir. Çimlenmeden sonra fidanlar 1:1 oranında torf ve perlit içeren yetiştirme ortamına aktarılmıştır. Daha sonra fidanlara 15 gün ara ile altı defa NPK, NPK + 2500 ppm mikrobiyal gübre ve NPK + 5000 ppm mikrobiyal gübre uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Yetişen bitkilerde 90 gün sonra, bitki boyu, gövde çapı, klorofil miktarı, gövde, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, tohum çimlenme oranı, süresi ve enerjisi açısından en iyi sonucun, tohumların viyollere ekimden önce 35°C’deki ılık suda 24 saat bekletme uygulamasının verdiğini göstermiş ve bu uygulamayı 1000 ppm GA3 çözeltisinde 24 saat bekletme uygulaması izlemiştir. Fidan büyüme ve gelişmesi açısından incelenen parametreler göz önüne alındığında, standart NPK’nın mikrobiyal gübre ile birlikte kullanımı, standart NPK’ya göre daha iyi sonuç vermiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, tohum çimlenmesi açısından 35 oC’deki ılık suda 24 saat bekletme ve fidan gelişimi açısında ise standart NPK’nın mikrobiyal gübre ile birlikte kullanımı tavsiye edilmiştir.
Assessment of Field Performance and Nutritional Quality of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) for Food Diversification
Authors: Oloyede-Kamiyo Qudrah , Ukachukwu Paul , Oladipo Mayowa , Olanipekun Oyeyoyin , Adewumi Adedotun
Published: December 2024

This research was carried out to evaluate the field performance of some mung bean accessions and their nutritional composition for inclusion in household diet. Twenty-one (21) accessions of mung bean were evaluated in the early and late season of 2022 at Ile-Ife, and in the early season at Kishi out-station of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. The experiment was established according to randomized complete block design with three replications. Agronomic and yield data were collected. Six of the mung bean accessions were randomly selected and analyzed for proximate, mineral composition and sensory properties along with two cowpea varieties as standard checks. MB-3, 6, 14 and 15 produced the highest seed yield across the locations (Ile-Ife early season, Ile-Ife late season, and Kishi early season). However, the performance was generally better in the early season than in the late season. The mung bean samples had slightly lower protein values than the standard checks. The mung bean samples had considerably higher mineral levels (p ≤ 0.05) than the control samples. Moin-moin (processed bean cake) made from some of the mung bean samples compared favorably with that from Ife brown cowpea (standard check). This work revealed good adaptability of the mung bean accession to southwest agro-ecology of Nigeria. It also revealed better nutritional quality of mung bean relative to cowpea for inclusion in household meals.
Comparison of Different Twin Row and Narrow Row Sowing Methods in Corn A Clay-Textured Soil
Authors: Kolay Betül , Avşar Özlem , Bilge Uğur , Berekatoğlu Kudret , Kılınç Sevda , Oğurlu Ferhat , Atakul Şehmus , Çelik Yener , Eren Abdullah , Öztürkmen Ali Rıza
Published: December 2024

Narrow and twin row sowing methods are agronomic applications that aim to increase plant growth and yield by expanding the plant's growing area but, they are highly affected by environmental conditions. The aim of this study is to determine the applicability of different narrow row and twin row sowing methods in clay textured soil in main crop cultivation of corn, which an important grain. The study was carried out Diyarbakır province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye in 2016 and 2017. In the study carried out with two different corn varieties, line abreast narrow row, diagonal narrow row, line abreast twin row, diagonal twin row, single row 1 (70 cm row spacing, 20 cm intra-row spacing) and single row 2 (70 cm row spacing, 12.5 cm intra-row spacing) applications were tried. ADA 351 and Sakarya corn varieties were used in the study. As a result it was determined that line abreast narrow row, diagonal narrow row, line abreast twin row and diagonal twin row applications are not suitable for corn cultivation. The highest grain yield was obtained from single row and 12.5 cm intra-row spacing application.
Frequent Irrigation Under Increasing Doses of Stabilized Sewage Sludge in The Soil Increases the Yield and Quality of Silage Maize
Authors: Altun Mehmet , Şahin Üstün
Published: December 2024

Achieving higher efficiency and better quality production with appropriate irrigation regimes in silage maize cultivation in soils mixed with urban sludge is a requirement of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, a two-year field study was carried out with three replicates with four different sewage sludge doses (D0: 0 t/ha, D1: 30 t/ha, D2: 60 t/ha, and D3: 90 t/ha), and three different irrigation regimes (S1, S2, and S3). In the S1, S2 and S3 regimes, when the sum of (Reference evapotranspiration - Effective rainfall) was 25 mm, 50 mm and 75 mm, respectively, irrigation was carried out and the soil moisture deficit was completed to the field capacity. Considering the two-year average, increasing sewage sludge dose and frequent irrigation significantly increased fresh and dry biomass yields and crude protein, while decreasing acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The fresh biomass yield in D3 treatment was 12.4%, 20.6%, and 42.1% higher than D2, D1, and D0, respectively. ADF in D3 was 5.6%, 2.1% and 1.7% lower than D0, D1 and D2, respectively, while NDF was 4.4%, 3.7% and 2.1% lower. D3 treatment increased the crude protein value by 27.3%, 15.5% and 7.7% compared to D0, D1 and D2 treatments, respectively. S1 provided 12.9% and 28.3% higher fresh biomass yield compared to S2 and S3. ADF value in S1 was 0.69% and 2.4% lower than S2 and S3, respectively, and NDF value was 0.86% lower compared to S3. There was a positive linear relationship with a high correlation between fresh and dry biomass yields. It could be concluded that D3-S1 treatment is the most effective practice for higher and quality yields, and followed by D3-S2 treatment.
Effect of Freshwater Soaking Durations on Salt Reduction and Nutrient Composition of Turbinaria murayana Seaweed for Poultry Feed
Authors: Reski Sepri , Rusli Ridho Kurniawan , Mahata Maria Endo , Rizal Yose
Published: December 2024

This study aims to reduce the salt content in Turbinaria murayana seaweed before its incorporation into poultry feed by soaking it in fresh water at a 1:50 w/v ratio. The experimental design follows a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments involved soaking durations of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days in freshwater. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and treatment differences were assessed using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results indicated that different soaking durations in freshwater effectively reduced the salt content and increased the dry matter and organic matter percentages of Turbinaria murayana seaweed. A soaking duration of 2 days is particularly effective, resulting in a salt content of 0.61%, a salt reduction percentage of 95.79%, a moisture content of 12.86%, a dry matter content of 87.14%, and an organic matter content of 71.13%.
Sukuk Credit Ratings in Light of the Federal Partnership Financing Act
Authors: Derzayeva Guzel Gabdelhakovna
Published: December 2024

The subject of the research of this article is a relatively new economic phenomenon for the Russian reality – sukuk (instruments issued in accordance with the federal law on partnership financing). The object of the study is the process of forming a credit rating of sukuk. The purpose of the study is to identify more advanced approaches to forming a credit rating of sukuk transactions. The theoretical basis of the study is the provisions of the AAOIFI governance standard (GS) 17 "Sharia Compliance and Trust Management Ratings of Sukuk and Other Islamic Financial Instruments" and the "Methodology for Assigning Credit Ratings to Financial Instruments of Islamic Finance – Sukuk" published by the ACRA. The practical basis of the study is 4 real sukuk issues. Using such methods as analysis and synthesis, logical substantiation, comparison and contrast, the article examines the provisions of the AAOIFI governance standard (GS) 17 and the "Methodology for ..." published by the ACRA, and also provides an example of assigning a credit rating to a sukuk issue based on the parameters considered. Based on the results of the study, the article concludes that in order to enter international eastern capital markets (for example, the Persian Gulf countries) in order to attract investment, Russian partnership financing companies must issue sukuk in accordance with the AAOIFI standards, which have not yet been fully translated into Russian. In assigning a credit rating to sukuk, rating agencies should rely on AAOIFI Governance Standard No 17, which has as a fundamental requirement that when forming a credit rating for sukuk in accordance with AAOIFI Governance Standard No 17, it is necessary to take into account the dependence of the key control parameters and the weights assigned to each control parameter on the type of instrument being assessed.
Optimal Sliding Gaussian Control of Quadrotor with a Flexible Structure
Authors: Smith Christopher S. , Sinha Alok
Published: December 2024

Optimal sliding Gaussian control of a quadrotor aerial vehicle with a flexible structure has been demonstrated in six-degree-of-freedom flight simulation to be more robust to structural excitation than a standard proportional-derivative control scheme. A general derivation of the optimal sliding Gaussian controller, including an optimal gain selection algorithm and observer design, is presented. Additionally, a brief development of the equations of motion for a quadrotor with a flexible structure is provided as background for the nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom flight simulation results. Robustness properties of the optimal sliding Gaussian controller are evaluated using singular value analysis of linearized models of the closed-loop quadrotor with a flexible structure. Flight simulation and singular value analysis results illustrate the robustness improvements of optimal sliding Gaussian control over the standard proportional-derivative controller design.
TerMPS: программное обеспечение для подготовки данных о параметрах поверхности суши, используемых в моделях деятельного слоя суши и моделях Земной системы
Authors: Рязанова А.А. , Богомолов В.Ю. , Степаненко В.М. , Варенцов М.И. , Медведев А.И.
Published: December 2024

Для моделей деятельного слоя суши и Земной системы предусмотрено использование различных внешних данных о параметрах подстилающей поверхности. Эти параметры служат коэффициентами дифференциальных уравнений переноса и трансформации тепла, влаги и категорий углерода в деятельном слое. Современные наборы таких параметров содержатся в архивах геопространственных данных высокого разрешения (например, 30'') и для использования их в модели необходимо агрегирование на более крупную сетку и согласование параметров из различных архивов. Для решения этой задачи было разработано специальное программное обеспечение. Такой инструмент дает возможность создания архивов данных о параметрах поверхности суши на произвольной равномерной широтно-долготной сетке.

The land surface and the Earth system models provide for the use of various external data on the parameters of the underlying surface. These parameters serve as coefficients of differential equations for the transfer and transformation of heat, moisture and carbon categories in the surface layer. Modern sets of such parameters are contained in high-resolution geospatial data archives (e.g., 30'') and their use in the model requires aggregation onto a larger grid and coordination of parameters from different archives. Special software was developed to solve this problem. Such a tool makes it possible to create archives of land surface parameters on an arbitrary uniform latitude-longitude grid.
Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi; Eleştirel Bir Giriş
Authors: Bingöl Davut
Published: December 2024

Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın ardında uluslararası sistemdeki güç dengesinin kontrolünün sağlanması ve daha barışçıl bir dünyaya hizmete etmek amacıyla Milletler Cemiyeti kuruldu. Milletler cemiyeti savaşların sonlandırılacağına dar tüm iyi niyetlere rağmen başarılı olamadı. Edward Hallett Carr’ın 20 Yıl Krizi eserinde de detaylı şekilde anlatıldığı üzere iki savaş arası dönemde başta Avrupa kıtası olmak üzere güç dengesinin bozulmasına gerekçe olarak Almanya ve İtalya’nın revizyonist politikaları temel parametre olarak gösterilmektedir. Milletler Cemiyeti’nin İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nı engellemek konusundaki başarısızlığı savaş sonrasında yeni bir uluslar üstü kurumun kurulması düşüncesini doğurdu. Bu nedenle henüz savaş sona ermeden, işlevsiz hale gelen Milletler Cemiyeti’nin yerini dolduracak Birleşmiş Milletler ’in kurulmasına karar verildi. BM kurulurken daha tarihin tekerrür etmemesi açısından müttefik devletler barışın güvence altına alınması amacıyla BM'nin teşkilat yapısında MC'ye göre değişikliklere giderek daimi üyelik uygulamasını gitti. Bu uygulamayla birlikte barışın korunması 5 daimi üyenin inisiyatifine bırakılmış oldu. Yazar buna karşı bir tavır alarak BMGK yapısındaki bu uygulamanın yaratmış olduğu sakıncaları ve adaletsiz durumu gözler önüne sermiştir.
Assessing the impact of physical, mental and cognitive impairments on health-related quality of life in sepsis survivors following intensive care admission in New Zealand
Authors: Rosengrave Patrice , Williman Jonathan , Shaw Geoff , Carr Anitra
Published: December 2024

aim: To assess the impact of physical, mental and cognitive impairments on health-related quality-of-life (QoL) of individuals who have survived sepsis after admission to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in New Zealand.
methods: Survivors from a trial investigating vitamin C as an adjunctive therapy in patients with sepsis in Christchurch Hospital ICU were invited to enrol in a longitudinal QoL follow-up study. Patients were interviewed at hospital discharge, 30, 90 and 180 days, using validated physical and mental health assessment questionnaires (Short-Form-36, EuroQol-5-Dimension). Cognitive function was monitored and results compared with New Zealand population norms.
results: Eighteen of the 26 survivors participated in the 6-month QoL follow-up. At hospital discharge, there were significant
physical and mental health issues in the participants interviewed, and although a majority of the subscales improved over the 6-month follow-up, physical function, role—physical and general health were still below population norms. Following discharge, objective parameters (mobility, self-care, usual activities) normalised within 3–6 months, while subjective measures (pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression) improved earlier and were better than population norms at 3–6 months. Cognitive dysfunction persisted over the follow-up period. Short-term (4-day) vitamin C intervention in the ICU did not affect health parameters post hospital discharge.
conclusions: Survivors of septic shock experience elevated physical, mental and cognitive issues at discharge. Most mental health issues had resolved by 6 months, but some physical and cognitive issues had not returned to population norms. Short-term vitamin C administration did not improve long-term health-related QoL; however, ongoing vitamin C supplementation may be required.
A laboratory-developed extraction free real-time PCR for Group A Streptococcus in throat swabs: greater detection and faster results
Authors: Lucas Rebecca , Tapp Emma , Chimwayange Rumbi , Hermoso Luiza , Blakiston Matthew
Published: December 2024

aim: This work describes the validation of an in-house extraction free real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) in throat swabs collected in gel amies.
method: Throat swabs received by the laboratory were prospectively tested by routine bacterial culture and an in-house PCR assay targeting the GAS SpeB gene with a multiplexed RNaseP internal control. Samples with discrepant culture/PCR results had additional testing using the commercial Xpert Group A Strep PCR assay (Cepheid). Post introduction of the in-house GAS PCR the comparative laboratory turn-around time between PCR and historic culture results was determined.
results: Of the 1,093 throat swabs included in the final analysis, GAS was detected by culture and GAS PCR in 262 (24.0%) and 319 (29.2%) respectively. The overall, positive and negative agreement of the GAS PCR with culture was 94.2%, 98.9% and 92.8% respectively. Of the 63 discordant samples, one (33.3%) of three culture positive/in-house PCR negative samples and 56 (93.3%) of 60 culture negative/in-house PCR positive samples were GAS positive on the Xpert Group A Strep assay. Median turn-around time from laboratory receipt to result decreased from 44 to 16 hours with the introduction of the GAS PCR into routine practice. Forty-five percent of samples came from European patients and 25% from persons aged over 30 years, suggesting over-testing in persons at low risk of GAS pharyngitis complications.
conclusion: The in-house GAS PCR provided greater and faster detection of GAS from throat swabs compared to culture. However, throat swabbing for GAS needs to be better targeted to those populations at high risk of post-GAS pharyngitis complications.
Development of an Ointment to Medicate Medicine for Dosage Caused by Mucus in Babies with the Active Compound Sotong (Sepia sp.) and Essential Oils Cymbopogon citratus
Authors: Hakim Aliefman , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin , Siahaan Jeckson , Irawan Jono , Fitri Zelisa Nudia
Published: December 2024

Sumbawa society is rich in culture, especially in traditional medicine. People use materials from the surrounding environment, including plants and animals, as active ingredients for medicine. Newborn babies and toddlers are susceptible to blockage of the respiratory tract with mucus. In babies, it is usually caused by an imperfect suction process, while in toddlers, it is caused by bacteria or viruses. The Samawa people use a mixture of cuttlefish (Sepia sp.) and eucalyptus oil as a medicine that effectively removes mucus from the body. The active ingredient in cuttlefish has an unpleasant odour and cannot be stored for long. When they need cuttlefish, people must look for them in markets or traders on the coast. Of course, this takes time to use. The ointment production innovation has many advantages, including practicality, no fishy smell, ease of obtaining, and ease of storage for the long term. Using the natural active ingredient lemongrass, essential oil adds aromatherapy and provides warmth to the chests of babies and toddlers. Natural active and gel-based ingredients are safe to use without side effects. The ointment was tested for active ingredient content using GCMS and organoleptic tests for gel stability, spreadability (homogeneity), pH, and skin irritation. Based on the description above, it can be concluded that the ointment product is made from an anti-skin irritation gel base, pH 7, and gel spreadability of 5.5 cm. The active substance comes from cuttlefish Sepia sp. by inhibiting the COX-2 enzyme and reducing the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an essential inflammatory mediator in the pathogenesis of asthma and bronchitis. The simple production process means that the price of the ointment is within people's purchasing power.
Trends Use of Technology Research for Early Childhood Education: A Bibliometric & Biblioshiny Analysis (1971-2024)
Authors: Ramadhani Atika Miftah , Setiawan Risky , Gunawan Resky Nuralisa , Zafrullah Zafrullah , Ayuni Rizki Tika
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze research trends in the use of technology in early childhood education using the Scopus Database. Employing the PRISMA method, the author identified 172 final documents, analyzed through the R Program and VOSviewer. The analysis reveals that research in this area commenced in 1971, with a fivefold increase in publications over the past 20 years. The year 2020 marked the peak with an h-index of 7 and 11 publications (6.39%). Illinois State University emerged as the leading institution with 11 articles (6.39%). The United States is the most productive country, contributing 28 articles (16.28%) and 786 citations (26.85%). Susan Edwards from Australian Catholic University is the most prolific author, achieving an h-index of 5, 253 citations (8.64%), and 5 publications (2.90%). The International Journal of Technology and Design Education is the top source, with 292 citations (9.97%) and 11 publications (6.39%). The document by Blackwell et al. (2014) received the highest citations at 210 (9.02%). The study identified 54 keywords across 7 clusters, recommending "Digital Competence," "Self-directed learning," and "Participatory design" for future research in this field.
Interactive E-Book Colligative Properties of Solutions: Connecting Science and Society in Chemistry Learning
Authors: Munawwarah  , Anwar Muhammad , Alimin
Published: December 2024

This study presents the development of an interactive e-book on the colligative properties of solutions in chemistry. The primary objective of this e-book is to enhance student engagement and understanding by integrating socio-scientific issues (SSI) to connect the material with everyday topics. The development methodology followed Borg and Gall's research and development approach, limited to the fifth stage, which is the main product revision. Validation instruments included both content validation and media validation. Interactive aspects of the e-book feature links in the table of contents, video displays, and a comprehensive presentation of questions complete with scores and solutions in the practice and competency test sections. Content validation results indicated that the e-book is valid, while media validation results placed it in the highly valid category. The incorporation of SSI aims to provide a relevant and engaging learning experience for students.
Supervised Machine Learning for Prediction of Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) Scores for Elementary School Students
Authors: Mustakim  , Rahim Arham
Published: December 2024

This study aims to predict potential declines in students' Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) in higher grades (4th, 5th, and 6th) by analyzing their cognitive, affective, and psychomotor scores from lower grades (1st, 2nd, and 3rd). Using a quantitative research method, various machine learning algorithms were applied, including Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Neural Networks. The dataset comprised students' scores across cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains from the lower grades. After training and comparing the models, the Neural Network algorithm demonstrated the best performance, achieving 89% accuracy and 100% recall. These results indicate that the model can help teachers identify students at risk of struggling with KKM standards in higher grades, enabling early interventions. The study concludes that Neural Networks offer a promising tool for early detection of academic challenges in elementary education.
Design and Management of Digital Communication Media to Build Stakeholder Trust and Reputation of the Indonesian Ikaboga Organization
Authors: Pandjaitan Rosmawaty Hilderiah , Gusfa Henni , Wulandari Ririn
Published: December 2024

Ikatan Ahli Boga Indonesia (Ikaboga Indonesia) was established in 1987. It is the first and oldest organization for Indonesian Culinary Experts. This organization is neither commercial nor political. They are currently experiencing challenges such as the weak commitment of its members, especially in terms of setting aside time, energy, and materials. As a result, many organizational tasks are not carried out according to their duties. This organization is also weak in managing digital communication media. In the digital era, many organizations compete to build stakeholder trust and reputation through digital media. This is the background to this PKM. By paying attention to the three main principles of the SDGs, namely universal, integration, and inclusive, this PKM focuses on and aims to improve the skills (technology and management) of the administrators and members of Ikaboga Indonesia. Such as skills in organizational communication management and the design and management of digital communication media to build stakeholder trust and the reputation of Ikaboga Indonesia. This program is carried out by elaborating ten methods: learning methods, question and answer and discussion methods, demonstration methods, problem-solving methods, practice or skills training methods, design methods, discovery methods, inquiry methods, mind mapping methods, and role-sharing methods. As a result, this activity was positively influenced; 71% of participants attended because they were interested and wanted to learn. This PKM was also considered to impact 81.2% of participants' cognitive changes significantly. The causal factors did not have a 100% effect on increasing participants' cognitive abilities due to obstacles of 56.5% lost and intermittent sound due to signal.; 43.5% had a wrong signal.; 21.77% due to distance obstacles, and 17.4% due to technological barriers, hunger, and other work, so they could not focus.
OPTIMALISASI PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA MELALUI PEMBUATAN PUPUK KOMPOS DI DESA PENGADANGAN, KECAMATAN PRINGGASELA, KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Askit Baiq Ratna , Fauziana Syabina Laila
Published: December 2024

Program Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) adalah bentuk pengabdian masyarakat oleh mahasiswa sebagai bagian dari kurikulum pendidikan di Indonesia. Kegiatan KKN di Desa Pengadangan, Kecamatan Pringgasela, Kabupaten Lombok Timur, berfokus pada optimalisasi pengolahan sampah rumah tangga melalui pembuatan pupuk kompos. Program ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan potensi pertanian yang ada di desa tersebut, serta memberikan solusi terhadap permasalahan sampah rumah tangga yang belum terkelola dengan baik. Kegiatan utama yang dilakukan meliputi sosialisasi dan pelatihan pembuatan pupuk kompos menggunakan metode biopori. Hasil dari kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat mendukung program ekonomi hijau yang berkelanjutan dan meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya pengelolaan sampah yang ramah lingkungan.