bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of DCPD Formation on β-TCP Granular Surface by Exposing Different Concentration of Acidic Calcium Phosphate Solution
Authors: Shariff Khairul Anuar , Tsuru Kanji , Ishikawa Kunio
Published: May 2016

Regulation of DCPD formation on β-TCP granules was achieved by exposing β-TCP granular with different concentration of acidic calcium phosphate solution. It was found that a higher amount of DCPD was formed when exposed β-TCP granular with the higher concentration of acidic calcium phosphate solution. Morphological observation shows that the surface of β-TCP granular was fully coated with DCPD crystals after exposed with the higher concentration of acidic calcium phosphate solution. These results demonstrated that the DCPD formation on the β-TCP granular surface could be regulated by varying the concentration of acidic calcium phosphate solution.
Preparation of Porous α-TCP Block by Fusion of DCPD Coated α-TCP Spheres
Authors: Arifta Tya Indah , Munar Melvin L. , Tsuru Kanji , Ishikawa Kunio
Published: May 2016

The aim of present study was to fabricate porous a-tricalcium phosphate (a-TCP) with adequate mechanical strength and pore interconnectivity. First step, a-TCP spheres were exposed to acidic calcium phosphate solution to allow growth and interlocking of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) crystals precipitated on the surface of the a-TCP spheres. Then, the DCPD-coated a-TCP spheres were sintered at 1,500°C for 6h, which resulted in the fusion of spheres to form the interconnected porous block. XRD analysis showed single phase a-TCP was obtained. Mechanical strength of porous a-TCP was 6.9 ± 1.6 MPa and porosity was 53 ± 5%. The obtained porous a-TCP could be employed as potential bone substitute or precursor for other bioceramics like carbonate apatite and hydroxyapatite.
Hardness Evaluation of Dental Composite with Ceramic Fillers
Authors: Djustiana Nina , Hasratiningsih Zulia , Karlina Elin , Febrida Renny , Takarini Veni , Cahyanto Arief , Hardiansyah Andri , Sunendar Bambang
Published: May 2016

In this study, new dental composites materials were developed. The two composites systems composed of zirconia (ZrO2), alumina (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2) (composites A) and zirconia (ZrO2), calcium (CaO), and silica (SiO2) (composites B) were synthesized through sol-gel method. These two systems were combined with urethane dimethacrylate and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate with 1% chitosan as coupling agent to build up the dental composites material. The resulting composites were subject to evaluation by microvickers hardness test and X-ray diffraction. The microvickers hardness test revealed that the hardness value for composites A and B were 24.48 and 21.9 VHN, respectively. Furthermore, the data were submitted to t-test (α=0,01) and it showed t count of both samples was 0,871 which means between the -t1-½α< t <t1-½α thus showing statistically the same average hardness value of both samples. Eventually, the new dental composites could be anticipated to apply in dental composites filler. The hardness results support the XRD result revealed that tetragonal crystal phase will help the transformation toughening mechanism and cubical crystal phase of zirconium dioxide. Both of the crystal phases were formed to stabilize the zirconia.
Nano-Mesh Structured Mn-Based Oxide/Conducting Polymer Composite Electrode for Supercapacitor
Authors: Yu Mei Hui , Meng Hui Min , Xue Ying
Published: May 2016

In this work, modified nano-mesh structured Mn-based oxide electrode material and the supercapacitors are researched. Three types of conducting polymers, i.e. polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy) and polythiophene (PTs) are considered to modify Mn-based oxide electrodes. The results of field emission scanning electron microscope show that conducting polymer film can form porous structure on Mn-based oxide electrode, this special structure is beneficial to the improvement of specific surface area, so that the specific capacitance can be increased. The specific capacitance of the supercapacitors assembled by Mn-based oxide/conducting polymer composite electrodes are tested, resulting that the maximum initial specific capacitance is 843 F g-1, cycle life is 105 times. Compared to supercapacitors assembled by general Mn-based oxide electrodes, this Mn-based oxide/conducting polymer material electrode can improve the specific capacitance up to 1.4~1.9 times, and the conductivity and cycle stability can be increased at the same time.
A Facile Method towards Carbon Quantum Dots with Strong Photoluminescence
Authors: Lin Rui , Ding Gu Qiao , He Peng , Chen Jing
Published: May 2016

A facile method is proposed to synthesize carbon quantum dots (C-dots) from citric acid using concentrated sulfuric acid as carbonization reagents with temperature below 100 °C during the whole process. The prepared C-dots has a Gaussian distribution in its lateral size with the average value around 6.37 nm. High quality of the C-dots is revealed through the optical performances such as sharp band-edge absorption, typical absorption peak and nearly excitation-independent blue emissions. Further, the pH condition is found to have correlation on the strong and stable photoluminescence property.
Ultrasound-Guided Greater Auricular Nerve Block as Sole Anesthetic for Ear Surgery
Authors: Ritchie Michael K. , Wilson Colin A. , Grose Brian W. , Ranganathan Pavithra , Howell Stephen M. , Ellison Matthew B.
Published: May 2016

A greater auricular nerve (GAN) block was used as the sole anesthetic for facial surgery in an 80-year-old male patient with multiple comorbidities which would have made general anesthesia challenging. The GAN provides sensation to the ear, mastoid process, parotid gland, and angle of the mandible. In addition to anesthesia for operating room surgery, the GAN block can be used for outpatient or emergency department procedures without the need for a separate anesthesia team. Although this nerve block has been performed using landmark-based techniques, the ultrasoundguided version offers several potential advantages. These advantages include increased reliability of the nerve block, as well as prevention of inadvertent vascular puncture or blockade of the phrenic nerve, brachial plexus, or deep cervical plexus. The increasing access to ultrasound technology for medical care providers outside the operating room makes this ultrasound guided block an increasingly viable alternative.
The Role of Biomarkers in Decreasing Risk of Cardiac Toxicity after Cancer Therapy
Authors: Henri Christine , Heinonen Therese , Tardif Jean-Claude
Published: May 2016

With the improvement of cancer therapy, survival related to malignancy has improved, but the prevalence of long-term cardiotoxicity has also increased. Cancer therapies with known cardiac toxicity include anthracyclines, biologic agents (trastuzumab), and multikinase inhibitors (sunitinib). The most frequent presentation of cardiac toxicity is dilated cardiomyopathy associated with poorest prognosis. Monitoring of cardiac toxicity is commonly performed by assessment of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, which requires a significant amount of myocardial damage to allow detection of cardiac toxicity. Accordingly, this creates the impetus to search for more sensitive and reproducible biomarkers of cardiac toxicity after cancer therapy. Different biomarkers have been proposed to that end, the most studied ones included troponin release resulting from cardiomyocyte damage and natriuretic peptides reflecting elevation in LV filling pressure and wall stress. Increase in the levels of troponin and natriuretic peptides have been correlated with cumulative dose of anthracycline and the degree of LV dysfunction. Troponin is recognized as a highly efficient predictor of early and chronic cardiac toxicity, but there remains some debate regarding the clinical usefulness of the measurement of natriuretic peptides because of divergent results. Preliminary data are available for other biomarkers targeting inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, myocardial ischemia, and neuregulin-1. The purpose of this article is to review the available data to determine the role of biomarkers in decreasing the risk of cardiac toxicity after cancer therapy.
Elektronisk pasientjournal: Filene og fortroligheten
Authors: Apenes Georg
Published: May 2016

Stadig oftere blir vi tvunget til å betrakte teknologiens Janus-ansikt: De gode hensikter og de spektakulære mulighetene vil alltid ha sine advokater. Ansiktets supplerende profil – teknologiens mer problematiske konsekvenser – er dårligere organisert. Og finansiert. Og institusjonalisert. I løpet av inneværende ti-år vil elektroniske pasientjournaler, knyttet til et sentralt register, være operativt i Norge. Fordelene er iøynefallende; ulempene kanskje noe mer konturfattige. Å finne et balansepunkt er b åde forvaltningens og politikernes ønske. Og ambisjon. Lykkes det, vil det bli mulig å beholde tillit som en grunnakkord i norsk helsevesen – tillit i trekanten der myndigheter, terapeuter og klienter danner sidene. De følgende refleksjoner er ment som et bidrag til sindig og kjølig ettertanke bl.a. med referanse til aktuelle synspunkter som gjør seg gjeldende innenfor en bredere, europeisk personvern-tankegang. Avslutningsvis stilles dessuten det fundamentale spørsmålet som det blir stadig vanskeligere å avvise: Er egentlig det 21de århundredes europeer så veldig opptatt av å verne om sitt privatliv; sine personopplysninger ……?
Medisinsk fødselsregister i yrkesepidemiologisk forskning
Authors: Irgens Ågot , Nordby Karl-Christian , Kristensen Petter
Published: May 2016

Medisinsk fødselsregister (MFR) har både helseforskning og helseforvaltning som formål. Ved etableringen av MFR i 1967 fikk vi i Norge en unik mulighet til å studere fødselsutfall knyttet til yrket, over lang tid og i spesielt eksponerte grupper. Det er en styrke at MFR inneholder informasjon om alle fødte, men en ulempe at blant annet opplysninger om spontanaborter og ventetid til graviditet mangler. Tidligere yrkesepidemiologiske studier har vært gjennomført ved å koble MFR-data til yrkesdata fra andre kilder som yrkeskohorter, fagforeningslister, og offentlige registre som Landbrukstellinger og Folke- og boligtellinger.Vi har gitt en oversikt over studier med fokus på definisjon av yrke- og yrkeseksponering. Vi avslutter med å se på utfordringer ved fremtidige yrkesepidemiologiske studier, muligheter for å øke kvalitet og validitet, samt å peke på fremtidsmuligheter som ligger i yrkesepidemiologi ved bruk av MFR. Vi fokuserer spesielt på kilder der yrkes- og yrkeseksponerings-data kan finnes, men også på studier der opplysninger om genetikk kobles mot arbeidsmiljø, samt studier med opplysninger fra bestemødrenes arbeidsmiljø. Til tross for problemer knyttet til slike studier, har vi i Norge gode muligheter til å gjennomføre dem siden norske overvåkningssystemer er i stadig utvikling og bioteknologisk kunnskap internasjonalt er økende. Dette i tillegg til et utstrakt samarbeid mellom de nordiske land, kan være veien å gå.The aims of the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBR) are research as well as health management. By the establishment of MBR in 1967 we got a unique opportunity to study birth outcomes related to occupational exposure during a long time period and within groups. It is a virtue that MBR has registered information on all births, however, a disadvantage is that information on early spontaneous abortions and waiting time to pregnancy are missing. MBR data were linked to occupational data from other sources in published epidemiological studies related to occupation. Such sources are occupational cohorts, lists from labour unions and public registries as agricultural and horticultural censuses and population censuses. The former studies are reviewed, focusing on the definition of occupation and occupational exposure. We discuss challenges in future occupational epidemiological studies and point out some future challenges and ways to improve quality and validity. We have further emphasised on potentials in occupational epidemiology using MBR, as well as on sources where occupation and occupational exposures can be found, geneworking environment interaction studies and studies where we allow for grandmothers’ working environment as well. In spite of problems attached, in Norway we have the possibilities to carry out such studies due to expansion of Norwegian systems of surveillance, and since the knowledge in biotechnology internationally is growing. This, in addition to extensive co-operation between the Nordic countries may be a useful approach in future studies
Keisersnitt gjennom 40 år. Overvåking ved hjelp av Medisinsk fødselsregister
Authors: Bergsjø Per
Published: May 2016

Denne oversiktsartikkelen beskriver den store økningen i hyppigheten av keisersnitt de siste 40 år, med fokus på den rollen Medisinsk fødselsregister har spilt for overvåking og analyser av mulige årsaker. Fødselsregisteret har også vært aktør i flere internasjonale prosjekter. I Norge har keisersnittratene økt fra 1,8 prosent i 1967 til 16,4 prosent i 2005. I Norden ligger Danmark nå høyest med over 20 prosent i 2004. Grensene for medisinske indikasjoner er tøyet betraktelig, og nyere teknologi (fosterblodanalyser og kardiotokografer) har gitt nye indikasjoner. I tillegg gjøres nå mellom fem og ti prosent av keisersnittene i Norge på mors ønske eller med tynn medisinsk begrunnelse. I Norge og flere andre land har forsøk på å snu trenden med økende bruk av keisersnitt ikke eller bare midlertidig hatt ønsket effekt
Abruptio placentae – relationship with other placental dysfunction related conditions
Authors: Rasmussen Svein
Published: May 2016

Objective: To investigate newborns’ sizes associated with abruptio placentae (AP) and to assess the association of a history of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and low birth weight with the occurrence of AP and vice versa. Design: A cohort study based on the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Results: AP in the first birth was associated with higher rates of AP, small for gestational age (SGA), and PIH in the second pregnancy. This was particularly evident for early onset preeclampsia (unadjusted odds ratio: 5.9; 95% confidence interval: 3.0–11.5). PIH in the first pregnancy was associated with higher rates of AP in the second. In women who delivered a newborn with weight below the 5th birth weight percentile, AP was 2–3 times more likely to occur than with birth weight percentiles 10–89.9. The occurrence of AP in the second pregnancy also increased with decreasing size at birth in the previous. Conclusions: A pregnancy subsequent to AP must be considered a risk pregnancy in terms of recurrent AP and excess risk of fetal growth restriction and PIH. In sibships with PIH, fetal growth restriction, or PA among siblings, the risk of AP is increased. This suggests a shared recurrent etiologic factor involving an abnormal feto-maternal relationship in AP, PIH, and fetal growth restriction.
Supplement 1
Authors: - -
Published: May 2016

The 7th Nordic Conference on Epidemiology and Registry-based Health Research – NordicEpi 2015
Norwegian social epidemiology during 200 years
Authors: Krokstad Steinar , Sund Erik Reidar
Published: May 2016

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A New Law for Time Perception
Authors: Hancock Peter A. , Block Richard A.
Published: May 2016

Effects of sex and handedness on the perception of temporal durations from 1 to 20 s were studied. A total of 80 male and 40 female participants were divided equally into left-handed and right-handed subgroups. Using an empty interval production procedure, each person estimated durations of 1, 3, 7, and 20 s, respectively, 50 times each. The order of presentation was randomized across participants but yoked across the sexes in each of the respective handedness subgroups. Results showed significant sex differences but no effects for handedness. One important facet of this sex effect was expressed in a consistent intercept difference in the identified relationship that linked the log-linear size of the absolute error of estimation against the logarithmic magnitude of the target duration at which such error was recorded. This new finding provides a new descriptive, empirical relationship for time perception of brief temporal intervals. The potential methodological, evolutionary, and cognitive reasons for this lawful relationship are discussed.
A QUESTÃO DA ESCALA NO ENSINO DE CLIMATOLOGIA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL E MÉDIO
Authors: Castelhano Francisco Jablinski , Roseghini Wilson Flavio Feltrim
Published: May 2016

Este artigo trabalha com o conceito de escala no ensino de geografia em particular na área de climatologia. Se aproveitando de conceitos propostos por Piaget (1996), Carvalho (2006) e Tuan (1975) os autores visam identificar qual a escala adequada para se tratar os fenômenos climatológicos dentro de sala de aula, analisando livros didáticos para entender como os mesmos abordam esta ciência. Após tal discussão teórica, foi realizado um levantamento com uma amostra de professores dos ensinos fundamental e médio de Curitiba e Região Metro-politana a fim de se entender como de fato se da o ensino de climatologia em sala de aula, e também a relação de dependência entre o professor e o livro didático, visto que a abordagem do segundo se mostrou muito generalista. Ao fim da pesquisa, observou-se que a escolha da escala de estudo, na grande maioria dos casos é pessoal do professor, tendo em vista que den-tre os entrevistados, somente 6,38% alegaram não ter liberdade para tratar de assuntos fora do livro e outros 6,38% não ter liberdade para se aprofundar em assuntos do livro. Palavras-chave: ensino de Geografia, climatologia, escala DOI: 10.5902/2236499416399
Examining prejudice reduction through solidarity and togetherness experiences among Gezi Park activists in Turkey
Authors: Acar Yasemin Gülsüm , Uluğ Özden Melis
Published: May 2016

Prejudice reduction research has focused on reducing negative regard as a means to improve relations between various groups (e.g., religious, ethnic, political). Though positive regard between groups may be created, these forms of contact and common identification do not alter policy orientations of advantaged groups toward disadvantaged ones. Rather than intergroup contact, it is suggested that a collective action model of prejudice reduction (Dixon, J., Levine, M., Reicher, S., & Durrheim, K. (2012). Beyond prejudice: Are negative evaluations the problem and is getting us to like one another more the solution? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 35, 411-425) would create ties between disadvantaged groups to work toward beneficial policy change. We seek to show that the Gezi Park protests in Taksim, İstanbul functioned as an intergroup phenomenon, requiring the cooperation of a number of disadvantaged groups (e.g., feminists, Kurds) working together to improve the status of all present. In a series of interviews with 34 activists from the Gezi Park protests, participants were to reflect on their individual and group-based experiences during their time in the Gezi Park protests. Data indicate that although a few groups remained distant or disconnected during the protests, a common ground was achieved such that some participants were able to overcome past prejudices. Data also indicate that through group perceptions and individuals’ descriptions of events, groups who had previously not been able to cooperate were able to work and stick together at Gezi. Results also imply, in line with Dixon et al. (2012), that if disadvantaged groups work together, they might change the position of their groups and improve each group’s disadvantaged position via collective action.
SPOLJNA POLITIKA DEJTONSKE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
Authors: Petrović Danilo
Published: May 2016

U radu je na određen način predstavljena spoljna politika DejtonskeBosne i Hercegovine. Njenu osnovu čini Ustav BiH i odrednice koje definišu aktere ukreiranju i sprovođenju spoljne politike Bosne i Hercegovine. Pored toga, značajan diorada posvećen je diplomatsko-konzularnoj mreži (DKP) sa osvrtom na njene nedostatkei moguće transformacije kako bi obezbijedilo efikasnije provođenje spoljne politikeBiH, definisane na osnovama konsenzusa predstavnika dva entiteta i tri konstitutivnanaroda. Kroz prizmu dvogodišnjeg nestalnog članstva Bosne i Hercegovine u Savjetubezbjednosti Ujedinjenih nacija predstavljeni su konkretni problemi u provođenjuspoljne politike BiH koji negativno utiču, kako na unutrašnjopolitičke odnose u BiH,tako i na stvaranje negativnog imidža BiH u međunarodnim odnosima. Na kraju su, naodređen način predstavljeni pravci cjelovitog definisanja spoljne politke BiH, kao iorganizacije sistema DKP mreže u skladu sa specifičnostima uređenja BiH.
The trigger enzyme PepA (aminopeptidase A) of Escherichia coli, a transcriptional repressor that generates positive supercoiling
Authors: Nguyen Le Minh Phu , Nadal Marc , Charlier Daniel
Published: May 2016

Escherichia coli aminopeptidase A (PepA) is a trigger enzyme endowed with catalytic activity and DNA‐binding properties prominent in transcriptional regulation and site‐specific DNA recombination. The current work demonstrates that PepA is a repressor in its own right, capable of specifically inhibiting transcription initiation at promoter P1 of the carAB operon, encoding carbamoylphosphate synthase. Furthermore, in vitro topology studies performed with DNA minicircles demonstrate that PepA binding constrains a single positive supercoil in the carP1 control region. Such a topological event is understood to constitute an impediment to transcription initiation and may serve as a mechanism to regulate gene expression.
Comment on “Climate and agricultural land use change impacts on streamflow in the upper midwestern United States” by Satish C. Gupta et al.
Authors: Schilling Keith E.
Published: May 2016

Increasing precipitation and land use/land cover (LU/LC) change have contributed to increasing streamflow and base flow in many Midwestern rivers but the relative importance of causal factors is open to debate. The dominant LULC change in the agricultural Midwest is the emergence of soybean production that occurred in the mid‐ to late‐20th Century that replaced many sod‐based rotations and increased total row crop area devoted to annual maize and soybean crops. Increasing precipitation may be a more important factor for increasing total discharge whereas LULC changes contributed more to base flow changes.
South Atlantic intermediate water advances into the North‐east Atlantic with reduced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the last glacial period
Authors: Dubois‐Dauphin Quentin , Bonneau Lucile , Colin Christophe , Montero‐Serrano Jean‐Carlos , Montagna Paolo , Blamart Dominique , Hebbeln Dierk , Van Rooij David , Pons‐Branchu Edwige , Hemsing Freya , Wefing Anne‐Marie , Frank Norbert
Published: May 2016

The Nd isotopic composition (εNd) of seawater and cold‐water coral (CWC) samples from the Gulf of Cádiz and the Alboran Sea, at a depth of 280–827 m were investigated in order to constrain middepth water mass dynamics within the Gulf of Cádiz over the past 40 ka. εNd of glacial and Holocene CWC from the Alboran Sea and the northern Gulf of Cádiz reveals relatively constant values (−8.6 to −9.0 and −9.5 to −10.4, respectively). Such values are similar to those of the surrounding present‐day middepth waters from the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW; εNd ∼ −9.4) and Mediterranean Sea Water (MSW; εNd ∼ −9.9). In contrast, glacial εNd values for CWC collected at thermocline depth (550–827 m) in the southern Gulf of Cádiz display a higher average value (−8.9 ± 0.4) compared to the present‐day value (−11.7 ± 0.3). This implies a higher relative contribution of water masses of Mediterranean (MSW) or South Atlantic origin (East Antarctic Intermediate Water, EAAIW). Our study has produced the first evidence of significant radiogenic εNd values (∼ −8) at 19, 23–24, and 27 ka, which are coeval with increasing iceberg discharges and a weakening of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Since MOW εNd values remained stable during the last glacial period, it is suggested that these radiogenic εNd values most likely reflect an enhanced northward propagation of glacial EAAIW into the eastern Atlantic Basin.
The contribution of an overlooked transport process to a wetland's methane emissions
Authors: Poindexter Cristina M. , Baldocchi Dennis D. , Matthes Jaclyn Hatala , Knox Sara Helen , Variano Evan A.
Published: May 2016

Wetland methane transport processes affect what portion of methane produced in wetlands reaches the atmosphere. We model what has been perceived to be the least important of these transport processes: hydrodynamic transport of methane through wetland surface water and show that its contribution to total methane emissions from a temperate freshwater marsh is surprisingly large. In our 1 year study, hydrodynamic transport comprised more than half of nighttime methane fluxes and was driven primarily by water column thermal convection occurring overnight as the water surface cooled. Overall, hydrodynamic transport was responsible for 32% of annual methane emissions. Many methane models have overlooked this process, but our results show that wetland methane fluxes cannot always be accurately described using only other transport processes (plant‐mediated transport and ebullition). Modifying models to include hydrodynamic transport and the mechanisms that drive it, particularly convection, could help improve predictions of future wetland methane emissions.
MMS Multipoint electric field observations of small‐scale magnetic holes
Authors: Goodrich Katherine A. , Ergun Robert E. , Wilder Frederick D. , Burch James , Torbert Roy , Khotyaintsev Yuri , Lindqvist Per‐Arne , Russell Christopher , Strangeway Robert , Magnes Werner , Gershman Daniel , Giles Barbara , Nakamura Rumi , Stawarz Julia , Holmes Justin , Sturner Andrew , Malaspina David M.
Published: May 2016

Small‐scale magnetic holes (MHs), local depletions in magnetic field strength, have been observed multiple times in the Earth's magnetosphere in the bursty bulk flow (BBF) braking region. This particular subset of MHs has observed scale sizes perpendicular to the background magnetic field (B) less than the ambient ion Larmor radius (ρi). Previous observations by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) indicate that this subset of MHs can be supported by a current driven by the E × B drift of electrons. Ions do not participate in the E × B drift due to the small‐scale size of the electric field. While in the BBF braking region, during its commissioning phase, the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft observed a small‐scale MH. The electric field observations taken during this event suggest the presence of electron currents perpendicular to the magnetic field. These observations also suggest that these currents can evolve to smaller spatial scales.
Changes in the depth habitat of the Oligocene planktic foraminifera (Dentoglobigerina venezuelana) induced by thermocline deepening in the eastern equatorial Pacific
Authors: Matsui Hiroki , Nishi Hiroshi , Takashima Reishi , Kuroyanagi Azumi , Ikehara Minoru , Takayanagi Hideko , Iryu Yasufumi
Published: May 2016

Understanding planktic foraminiferal depth habitat along with consistent taxonomic concepts is key to accurate reconstruction of paleoceanographic records. The Oligocene‐Pliocene long‐ranging and widely distributed species Dentoglobigerina venezuelana lived in the mixed layer (shallower) during the early Oligocene, whereas the same species calcified at thermocline or subthermocline depths (deeper) during the late Oligocene and Miocene. The exact timing of the species' depth habitat change and its possible relationships with Oligocene climate dynamics remain unknown. Here we reveal isotopic records of D. venezuelana along with the Paragloborotalia siakensis group (a mixed‐layer dweller) by using sediments at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1334 in the eastern equatorial Pacific throughout the Oligocene. A two‐step depth habitat change of D. venezuelana is apparent: (1) from upper to lower mixed layer (~27.4 Ma) and (2) from lower mixed layer to thermocline depth (~26.3 Ma). In addition, the planktic foraminiferal faunal assemblage experienced a marked change from dominantly thermocline (deeper) species to abundant mixed‐layer (shallower) species, suggesting that depth habitat shifts of D. venezuelana were clearly related to thermocline deepening in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Comparison of the first isotopic shift (~27.4 Ma) at multiple sites (U1334, U1333, and 1218) revealed a southward depth habitat change of D. venezuelana within ~200 kyr, implying overall thermocline deepening with reduced steepness in the eastern equatorial Pacific. We consider that global warming conditions during the late Oligocene likely caused thermocline deepening with upwelling decrease in the eastern equatorial Pacific, guiding D. venezuelana to adapt to greater depths in the water column.
Projecting Lifetime Risk of Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis and Total Knee Replacement in Individuals Sustaining a Complete Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear in Early Adulthood
Authors: Suter Lisa G. , Smith Savannah R. , Katz Jeffrey N. , Englund Martin , Hunter David J. , Frobell Richard , Losina Elena
Published: May 2016

Objective

To estimate the lifetime risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and total knee replacement (TKR) in persons sustaining anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear by age 25 years.

Methods

We used the Osteoarthritis Policy Model to project the cumulative incidence of symptomatic knee OA requiring TKR in varying situations: no prevalent or incident injury; isolated ACL tear, surgically treated; isolated ACL tear, nonoperatively treated; or a prevalent history or surgically treated ACL and meniscal tear (MT). We estimated MT prevalence and incidence and increased risk of knee OA associated with ACL injury and MT from published literature. We conducted a range of sensitivity analyses to examine the impact of uncertainty in input parameters.

Results

Estimated lifetime risk of symptomatic knee OA was 34% for the cohort with ACL injury and MT, compared to 14% for the no‐injury cohort. ACL injury without MT was associated with a lifetime risk of knee OA between 16% and 17%, depending on ACL treatment modality. Estimated lifetime risk of TKR ranged from 6% in the no‐injury cohort to 22% for the ACL injury and MT cohort. Subjects in the ACL injury and MT cohort developed OA approximately 1.5 years earlier (55.7 versus 57.1) and underwent TKR approximately 2 years earlier (66 versus 68) than the cohort without knee injuries.

Conclusion

Sustaining ACL injury early in adulthood leads to greater lifetime risk and earlier onset of knee OA and TKR; concomitant MTs compound this risk. These data provide insight into the impact of sustainable injury prevention interventions in young adults.
Risk of Malignancy Among Patients With Sarcoidosis: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Ungprasert Patompong , Crowson Cynthia S. , Matteson Eric L.
Published: May 2016

Objective

To investigate the risk of malignancy in patients with sarcoidosis in a population‐based cohort.

Methods

A cohort of Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents diagnosed with sarcoidosis between January 1, 1976 and December 31, 2013 was identified based on individual medical record review. For each sarcoidosis subject, 2 sex‐ and age‐matched comparator subjects without sarcoidosis were randomly selected. Cases and comparators were then cross‐indexed with the Mayo Clinic Cancer Registry, which collected data on every type of malignancy except for nonmelanoma skin cancer, for malignancy ascertainment.

Results

A total of 345 incident cases of sarcoidosis and 690 comparators were identified. There was no difference in the prevalence of malignancy at the index date between the 2 groups (4.3% among cases and 4.3% among comparators; P = 1.0). During followup, 36 patients with sarcoidosis and 91 subjects without sarcoidosis developed malignancy, with a cumulative incidence at 10 years of 3.8% and 7.1%, respectively. The difference corresponded to a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.72 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.49–1.06). The cumulative incidences at 10 years for individual types of malignancy were also similar between the 2 groups, with nonsignificant HRs. However, subgroup analysis found that cases with extrathoracic involvement were at higher risk of incident hematologic malignancy compared with cases without extrathoracic involvement (HR 1.87 [95% CI 1.09–3.22]).

Conclusion

Risk of malignancy was similar among patients with sarcoidosis compared to nonsarcoidosis subjects. However, the risk of incident hematologic malignancy was significantly higher among patients with sarcoidosis with extrathoracic involvement compared to patients without extrathoracic disease.
MXene Electrode for the Integration of WSe2 and MoS2 Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Xu Jiao , Shim Jaewoo , Park Jin‐Hong , Lee Sungjoo
Published: May 2016

Recently, MXenes, which are 2D early transition metal carbides and carbonitrides, have attracted wide attention because of their excellent conductivities. Here, the electrode applications of Ti2C(OH)xFy, one member of the MXene family, in WSe2 and MoS2 field effect transistors (FETs) are assessed. Kelvin probe force microscopy analysis is performed to determine its work function, which is estimated to be ≈4.98 eV. Devices based on WSe2/Ti2C(OH)xFy and MoS2/Ti2C(OH)xFy heterostructures are fabricated with the mechanical transfer method and their electronic performances evaluated. The temperature‐dependent current–voltage transfer characteristics of the devices are determined to extract their Schottky barrier heights. The hole barrier between WSe2 and Ti2C(OH)xFy is estimated to be ≈0.23 eV and the electron barrier between the MoS2 band and Ti2C(OH)xFy is ≈0.19 eV, which indicates that the pinning effect occurs at the MoS2/Ti2C(OH)xFy interface but not at the WSe2/Ti2C(OH)xFy interface; this difference arises because of the difference between the band structures of WSe2 and MoS2. A complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor inverter based on these electrode properties of Ti2C(OH)xFy with MoS2 (n‐channel) and WSe2 (p‐channel) is fabricated, which demonstrates that Ti2C(OH)xFy is a promising electrode for future nanoelectronics applications.
BSA‐Mediated Synthesis of Bismuth Sulfide Nanotheranostic Agents for Tumor Multimodal Imaging and Thermoradiotherapy
Authors: Wang Yong , Wu Yongyou , Liu Yujing , Shen Jia , Lv Ling , Li Liubing , Yang Liecheng , Zeng Jianfeng , Wang Yangyun , Zhang Leshuai W. , Li Zhen , Gao Mingyuan , Chai Zhifang
Published: May 2016

Fabrication of ultrasmall single‐component omnipotent nanotheranostic agents integrated with multimodal imaging and multiple therapeutic functions becomes more and more practically relevant but challenging. In this article, sub 10 nm Bi2S3 biocompatible particles are prepared through a bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐mediated biomineralization process under ambient aqueous conditions. Owing to the ultrasmall size and colloidal stability, the resulting nanoparticles (NPs) present outstanding blood circulation behavior and excellent tumor targeting ability. Toward theranostic applications, the biosafety profile is carefully investigated. In addition, photothermal conversion is characterized for both photoacoustic imaging and photothermal treatment of cancers. Upon radiolabeling, the performance of the resulting particles for SPECT/CT imaging in vivo is also carried out. Additionally, different combinations of treatments are applied for evaluating the performance of the as‐prepared Bi2S3 NPs in photothermal‐ and radiotherapy of tumors. Due to the remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency and large X‐ray attenuation coefficient, the implanted tumors are completely eradicated through combined therapies, which highlights the potential of BSA‐capped Bi2S3 NPs as a novel multifunctional nanotheranostic agent.
Mechanoluminescence Color Conversion by Spontaneous Fluorescent‐Dye‐Diffusion in Elastomeric Zinc Sulfide Composite
Authors: Jeong Soon Moon , Song Seongkyu , Kim Hyunmin , Joo Kyung‐Il , Takezoe Hideo
Published: May 2016

Color conversion, long‐wavelength light emission by absorbing short‐wavelength light, is an attractive approach for developing a broad‐color expression technology and is widely used in solid‐state lighting, dye‐lasers, and colorful displays. Up to now, many papers have been published reporting various mechanoluminescent materials emitting color of ultraviolet, blue, green, orange, and red. However, the strategies of previous reports have focused on color‐tuning of mechanoluminescent material itself through newly developing inorganic mechanoluminescent compounds. Here, a new strategy for the color manipulation of mechanoluminescence (ML) is introduced by physically combining fluorescent dyes with existing mechanoluminescent materials. An elastomeric zinc sulfide (ZnS) composite is prepared in a polydimethylsiloxane framework with spontaneously diffused 4‐(dicyanomethylene)‐2‐t‐butyl‐6‐(1,1,7,7‐tetramethyljulolidyl‐9‐enyl)‐4H‐pyran (DCJTB), and red luminescence by complete color conversion via DCJTB is demonstrated, which fully absorbed green ML from ZnS. Based on this approach, color‐tuning of ML from red to green is successfully achieved and color expression range is expanded by employing electroluminescence (EL). Various‐color‐emitting EL/ML electromechanical display is demonstrated using color discrepancy between DCJTB employed EL and ML. As the implementation is fairly straightforward, it is believed that present color conversion is a viable and common method to manipulate broader color expression for future ML applications.
Graphdiyne: An Efficient Hole Transporter for Stable High‐Performance Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Jin Zhiwen , Yuan Mingjian , Li Hui , Yang Hui , Zhou Qing , Liu Huibiao , Lan Xinzheng , Liu Mengxia , Wang Jizheng , Sargent Edward H. , Li Yuliang
Published: May 2016

Graphdiyne, a novel large π‐conjugated carbon hole transporting material, is employed as anode buffer layer in colloidal quantum dots solar cells. Power conversion efficiency is notably enhanced to 10.64% from 9.49% compared to relevant reference devices. Hole transfer from the quantum dot solid active layer to the anode can be appreciably enhanced only by using graphdiyne to lower the work function of the colloidal quantum dot solid. It is found that the all‐carbon buffer layer prolongs the carrier lifetime, reducing surface recombination on the previously neglected back side of the photovoltaic device. Remarkably, the device also shows high long‐term stability in ambient air. The results demonstrate that graphdiyne may have diverse applications in enhancing optoelectronic devices.
High‐Performance Flexible Thin‐Film Transistors Based on Single‐Crystal‐Like Germanium on Glass
Authors: Asadirad Mojtaba , Gao Ying , Dutta Pavel , Shervin Shahab , Sun Sicong , Ravipati Srikanth , Kim Seung Hwan , Yao Yao , Lee Keon Hwa , Litvinchuk Alexander P. , Selvamanickam Venkat , Ryou Jae‐Hyun
Published: May 2016

Thin‐film transistors (TFTs) grown on a flexible glass substrate using single‐crystal‐like germanium (Ge) channel to simultaneously achieve high carrier mobility, high performance characteristics, mechanical flexibility, and cost‐effective large‐area manufacturing are reported. High‐crystalline‐quality materials of biaxially textured CeO2 deposited at room temperature by ion‐beam‐assisted deposition followed by single‐crystal‐like Ge epitaxially grown at 550 °C by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition on an amorphous substrate are developed. p‐type Ge with {111} surface shows well‐aligned grains in both out‐of‐plane and in‐plane directions, as characterized by reflection high‐energy electron diffraction, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The material structures are fabricated to transistor devices with top‐gate geometry. The devices (channel width and length = 80 and 14 μm) exhibit performance characteristics with on/off ratio of ≈106, a field‐effect mobility of ≈105 cm2 V−1 s−1, and saturation current levels of ≈3.5 mA, which are significantly higher than performance metrics of other state‐of‐the‐art TFTs based on amorphous Si, organic semiconductors, and semiconducting oxides. This development can open a new avenue for next‐generation TFTs beyond the display applications.
The Choice of Local Food Products by Young Consumers: The Importance of Public and Private Attributes
Authors: Fernández‐Ferrín Pilar , Bande Belén , Calvo‐Turrientes Aitor , Galán‐Ladero M. Mercedes
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we propose an explicative model for the effective purchase of various brands of local products, incorporating private and public motivations into a causal chain and considering product availability as a possible moderator of the effects of these purchase factors on local products. The results obtained by applying conditional process analysis and a Tobit model to the responses of 195 young consumers show that local identity can have direct and/or indirect effects on the effective purchase of four different brands of local, traditional, and nontraditional products. Furthermore, for two of these brands, perceived product availability moderates the relationship between product valuation and effective purchase. [EconLit citations: C51, Q13].
Long term survival in persons with hemophilia and chronic hepatitis C: 40 year outcomes of a large single center cohort
Authors: Eyster M. Elaine , Kong Lan , Li Menghan , Schreibman Ian R.
Published: May 2016

We studied the course of chronic HCV infections in a cohort of 222 persons with hemophilia (PWH) and von Willebrand disease followed at our center since 1973. Twenty two (10%) developed end stage liver disease (ESLD). Forty years after HCV infection, cumulative incidence of ESLD was 12.3% and overall survival was 45.5%. Those who were infected with HCV only (n = 100) had a survival of 75.2%, while those infected with HIV (n = 122) had a survival of 24% (P < 0.001). Survivals were significantly longer for those infected with HCV at younger age (< 15 years) compared to those infected over age 30 years (P = 0.014). Cause specific deaths for ESLD and bleeding were 8.8% and 8.3% respectively. For HIV negative subjects, the annual hazard of death from ESLD and bleeding was near zero for the first 10 years, and then rose slowly over the next 20 years to 0.4/100py for ESLD and 0.2/100py for bleeding. Sixty subjects completed 79 treatment episodes. Sustained viral response rates increased from 7/21 (33%) between 1990 and 2001, to 17/29 (58%) between 2002 and 2011, and to 27/29 (93%), since 2012 with the advent of the directly acting antiviral agents. These results confirm the very slow ESLD progression rate in HIV negative PWH. However, the risk of death from both ESLD and bleeding increases steadily with longer duration of HCV infection. More aggressive surveillance to detect those with early fibrosis is needed now that curative treatment is possible in >95% of individuals. Am. J. Hematol. 91:E335–E340, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pectin‐based films produced by electrospraying
Authors: Gaona‐Sánchez Victor A. , Calderón‐Domínguez Georgina , Morales‐Sánchez Eduardo , Chanona‐Pérez J. Jorge , Arzate‐Vázquez Israel , Terrés‐Rojas Eduardo
Published: May 2016

Electrospraying technique was used for the production of pectin films obtaining transparent and flexible products with thicknesses of 23.4 ± 3.04 µm and requiring a lower pectin solution volume (2.67 × 10−3 mL) than casting (5.97 × 10−3 mL) to produce films of the same area and thickness; the physical, structural, and thermal characteristics of these films were evaluated. Electrosprayed films were slightly more transparent, and with smoother surface than those obtained by casting, but with more and smaller internal pores, resulting in different film densities (0.7 g/cm3 electrospraying, 1.7 g/cm3 casting), that could be linked to the larger water vapor permeability value obtained. These changes could be related to a physical phenomenon, seeing as the percentage of crystallinity and melting temperature remained invariable for both films. These results show that the electrospraying technique has potential in areas such as wound dressings, tissue engineering, and the release of drugs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43779.
Characterization of the Fluorescence Properties of 4‐Dialkylaminochalcones and Investigation of the Cytotoxic Mechanism of Chalcones
Authors: Zhou Bo , Jiang Peixin , Lu Junxuan , Xing Chengguo
Published: May 2016

Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the various biological activities of chalcones, particularly the direct cellular targets, presents an unmet challenge. Here, we prepared a series of fluorescent chalcone derivatives as chemical probes for their mechanistic investigation. Upon systematic physicochemical characterization, we explored their potential to elucidate the mode of action of chalcones’ cytotoxicity. The fluorescence of the chalcones was found to be highly sensitive to structural and environmental factors. Structurally, a 4‐dialkylamino group on the B ring, suitable electronic properties of the A ring substituents, and the planar conformation of the chalcone's core structure were essential for optimal fluorescence. Environmental factors influencing fluorescence included solvent polarity, pH, and the interactions of the chalcones with proteins and detergents. It was found that 18 chalcones showed a fluorescent brightness greater than 6000 M−1 cm−1 in DMSO. However, water dramatically quenched the fluorescence, although it could be partially recovered in the presence of BSA or detergents. As expected, these fluorescent chalcones showed a sharp structure–activity relationship in their cellular cytotoxicity, leading to the identification of structurally similar cytotoxic and non‐cytotoxic fluorescent chalcones as chemical probes. Confocal microscopy results revealed the co‐localization of the cytotoxic probe C8 and tubulin in cells, supporting tubulin as the direct cellular target responsible for the cytotoxicity of chalcones.
Four‐Dimensional Screening Anti‐Counterfeiting Pattern by Inkjet Printed Photonic Crystals
Authors: Hou Jue , Zhang Huacheng , Su Bin , Li Mingzhu , Yang Qiang , Jiang Lei , Song Yanlin
Published: May 2016

A four‐dimensional screening anti‐counterfeiting QR code composed of differently shaped photonic crystal (PC) dots has been fabricated that could display four images depending on different lighting conditions. By controlling the rheology of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), three kinds of PC dots could be sequentially integrated into one pattern using the layer‐by‐layer printing strategy. The information can be encoded and stored in shapes and read out by the difference in optical properties.
Copper, Silver and Sodium Salt‐Mediated Quaternization by Arylation: Syntheses of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors and 6‐H‐Phenanthridine Derivatives
Authors: Shen Wenqi , Li Jing , Zhang Caiyun , Shi Min , Zhang Jun
Published: May 2016

We have developed a CuII‐, AgI‐, and NaOTf‐mediated intramolecular quaternization by arylation reactions to synthesize a variety of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors with a benzene‐fused backbone. The methodology also provides a convenient alternative route for the synthesis of 6‐H‐phenanthridine derivatives. A novel silver–NHC complex was prepared by treatment of Ag2O with the free carbene, which was in situ prepared from the deprotonation of a representative quinazolinonium salt.