bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Household Food Insecurity, Level of Nutritional Adequacy, and Nutritional Status of Toddlers in the Coastal Area of Central Tapanuli Regency
Authors: Masthalina Herta , Santosa Heru , Sudaryat Etty , Zuska Fikarwin
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: The food security and livestock service office of North Sumatra Province (2020) noted that almost a third of the area or 35% of the subdistricts in Central Tapanuli Regency are food-insecure areas.

AIM: This study aims to determine the level of family food insecurity, the level of nutritional adequacy, and the nutritional status of children under 5 in the coastal area of Central Tapanuli Regency.

METHODS: This research is part of a dissertation study entitled Positive Deviance in Household Food Insecure in Improving the Nutritional Status of Toddlers in the Coastal Area of Central Tapanuli Regency. The steps in this research are to identify the level of household food insecurity, level of nutritional adequacy, and nutritional status of children under 5. The research was conducted by interviewing respondents (mothers of toddlers) and taking anthropometric measurements of 59 children under 5 purposively in the coastal area of Central Tapanuli Regency.

RESULTS: Most of the occupations of the head of the family are fishers (78.0%) and the household food insecurity status as much as 81.4% is food insecure. The nutritional status of children under 5 in the less category is 50.8%, the nutritional status of stunting is 35.6%, and wasting is 10.2%. There is a significant relationship between family food insecurity and the level of adequacy of nutrients: Energy (p = 0.000; odds ratio [OR] = 38.000) and protein (p = 0.002; OR = 10.929). There is a significant relationship between household food insecurity and nutritional status of weight for age (p = 0.0039; OR = 6.300).

CONCLUSION: Household food insecurity is related to the level of nutritional adequacy (energy and protein) and nutritional status of weight for age.
Nutritional Status and Health Characteristics of People Living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Fitri Siti Ulfah Rifa'atul , Ibrahim Kusman , Liani Siti Sandra , Rahayuwati Laili , Herliani Yusshy Kurnia
Published: December 2021

Background: Diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection may impact the individual's life, including the physical aspect such as the length of HIV diagnosed, WHO stage, the ART, and the psychological aspect such as the level of stress. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) have an increased need for energy but they have symptoms of lack of nutrition intake. Therefore, PLWHA has a risk of low nutrition status. The aims of this study were to examine the relationship between nutritional status and health characteristics among HIV/AIDS patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytical design was conducted among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in outpatients’ hospital. A purposive sampling method was used and the sample size was 78 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaire of were the socio-demographic, health characteristic, and nutritional status. The cross-tabulation calculations used chi-square were presented to identify the relationship between nutritional status and health characteristics.
Results: The majority of respondents had good health characteristics include the length of HIV diagnosis more than 6 months (79.5%), clinical WHO stage I (61.5%), no stress level (94.9%), and the first choice of ART (83.3%). The nutritional status reported that the majority of the respondents had normal BMI (61.5%), MUAC not at risk (>23,5 cm) (71.8%), and a moderate level of energy intake (37.2%). There were no significant associations between the nutritional status and health characteristics (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The good condition of health characteristics among PLWHA in this study impacted the level the nutritional status.
Spatial dynamics of spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, invasion of the Northeastern United States
Authors: Cook Rachel T. , Ward Samuel F. , Liebhold Andrew M. , Fei Songlin
Published: December 2021

Spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), is a non-native planthopper that recently established in the Northeastern United States. Little is known about the spatial dynamics of its invasion and key drivers associated with its regional spread. Here, using field survey data from a total of 241,366 survey locations from 2014–2019 in the eastern USA, we quantified rates of SLF spread and modeled factors associated with the risk of SLF invasion. During the study period, SLF invasion appears to be associated with both short- and long-distance dispersal. On average, the number of newly invaded counties per year increased since initial discovery, with 0–14 long-distance dispersal events per year and median jump distances ranging from 55 to 92 km/year throughout the study period. Radial rates of spread, based on two of the three analysis methods applied, varied from 38.6 to 46.2 km/year. A Cox proportional hazards model suggested that risk of SLF invasion increased with a proxy for human-aided dispersal, human population per county. We anticipate that SLF will continue to spread via both long- and short-distance dispersals, especially via human activities. Efforts to manage SLF populations potentially could target human-mediated movement of SLF to reduce rates of spread.
Clinical outcome in patients with end-stage heart failure who underwent continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices in a single center
Authors: Park Yoonjee , Kim Darae , Yang Jeong Hoon , Cho Yang Hyun , Choi Jin-Oh , Jeon Eun-Seok
Published: December 2021

Background/Aims: The continuous flow left ventricular assist device (cf-LVAD) has improved the survival of chronic end-stage heart failure (HF) patients. Here we describe our clinical experience of the initial 50 LVAD patients from a single center.Methods: A total of 50 patients underwent LVAD implantation as bridge to transplantation (BTT; n = 28, 56%), bridge to candidacy (BTC; n = 2, 4%), or as destination therapy (DT; n = 20, 40%) from 2012 to 2019. Pre-implant characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between BTT/BTC and DT.Results: The median age of patients was 67 years (range, 59 to 73). Men were more likely to receive LVAD (76% vs. 24%) than women. DT patients were older, had smaller body surface area, and worse laboratory profiles than BTT/BTC patients. There was no in-hospital mortality. During an average of 14 months (range, 8 to 23), the all-cause mortality was 22%. The first-year survival was 86 and 90% in BTT/BTC and DT groups, respectively. Hemorrhagic stroke was the most common cause (27%) of death. In the BTT/BTC group, 22 patients successfully underwent heart transplantation during median duration of 10 months (range, 7 to 14). The most common post-LVAD complication during the first year of LVAD implantation was major bleeding (44%). A significant proportion (76%) of patients experienced rehospitalization with gastrointestinal bleeding as the most common cause.Conclusions: We describe short-term clinical outcome of LVAD patients from a single center for the first time in Korea. With the newer generation LVAD and a dedicated team approach, improved clinical outcomes of LVAD for end-stage HF are expected.
L’espace en tant que facilitateur d’innovation ouverte en PME : le cas du Demos Lab
Authors: Gardet Romane , Saives Anne-Laure , Camus Annie
Published: December 2021

Cet article expose une recherche exploratoire menée dans une PME norvégienne orientée vers la transition écologique, ayant fait de l’innovation ouverte (IO) son mode de fonctionnement et souhaitant créer un espace physique créatif et innovant pour mener ses projets. Une étude de cas, fondée sur une démarche inspirée de la résolution créative de problème (CPS) et de techniques projectives auprès d’une douzaine d’usagers potentiels a permis d’identifier les propriétés décisives d’un tel espace de travail en contexte d’IO parmi 6 dimensions repérées dans la littérature : singularité, caractère organisé et organisant, flexibilité, hétérogénéité, tiers-lieu et exemplarité. Dans la PME responsable étudiée, les résultats indiquent un lien évident entre espace physique de travail et approche managériale et soulignent l’importance de 3 conditions spatiales et managériales pour une créativité « ouverte » au service de l’IO durable : la singularité/authenticité, l’organisé/organisant au service du sentiment de maîtrise, et le design biophilique au service du projet d’innovation inclusif. Codes JEL : M10, M13, M54, O30, O31, O32
Invoquer le Nom de Jésus, une dévotion risquée
Authors: Gueullette Jean-Marie
Published: December 2021

Attestée dès le Nouveau Testament, l’invocation du Nom de Jésus est une forme de prière qui est présente tout au long de l’histoire chrétienne. Elle peut être envisagée selon trois modalités : la contemplation, la démarche thérapeutique, ou l’invocation en vue du salut. Cependant, elle n’est pas sans soulever de questions théologiques, et aussi bien l’Occident que l’Orient ont connu des conflits assez vifs à son sujet. Les dérives qui étaient dénoncées ne sont pas tant à identifier à de la magie, car les croyants n’imaginaient pas acquérir un pouvoir sur Dieu par l’invocation du Nom, qu’à une forme d’idolâtrie dans laquelle une réalité créée prend la place de Dieu, dans laquelle un mot prend la place de celui qu’il désigne.
L’exégèse platonicienne et chrétienne du Timée 39e7-9 : Atticus, Justin et Valentin
Authors: Jurasz Izabela
Published: December 2021

L’article propose d’examiner un cas particulier du rapport entre la métaphysique médio-platonicienne et la doctrine chrétienne de la moitié du ii e  siècle, en mettant en rapport trois auteurs appartenant à la même génération : Atticus, Justin et Valentin. Atticus est auteur d’une interprétation singulière du Timée 39e7-9, selon laquelle le Modèle intelligible, dont le Démiurge use pour former le monde, est situé en dehors et au-dessous du Démiurge. Cette disposition, critiquée et abandonnée par les néoplatoniciens, semble cependant connaître un certain succès chez les chrétiens, cherchant à décrire le rapport entre le Dieu Créateur et son Logos-Fils. En ajoutant abondamment des expressions bibliques au vocabulaire platonicien, Justin et Valentin – chacun à sa façon – montrent que l’inspiration platonicienne dans la théologie chrétienne peut se faire de manière très subtile et très variée.
Students, Stress, and the Pandemic: An Occupational Health Perspective for Nursing Education
Authors: Hughes Monica J.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Nursing students have high risk factors for stress, and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic underscored weaknesses in mitigating nursing student stress and supporting well-being. Occupational health uses proven frameworks and perspectives for understanding and mitigating health risks, and promoting worker wellness. Nurse educators can draw from this knowledge to implement system-level changes in support of a safe and healthy learning environment.

Method:

This article describes the use of an occupational health strategy to create healthier educational environments.

Results:

Applying occupational health concepts to nursing education supports honest appraisal of mental health dangers to students, offers keys to managing student health risks, and provides effective approaches for communicating risks with mitigation tactics.

Conclusion:

An occupational health and safety perspective creates a lens through which nursing stress resulting from the pandemic can be viewed and managed creatively using a holistic approach to mitigate harm from stress in the nursing educational setting.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(12):674–679.]
Encrypted face recognition algorithm based on Ridgelet-DCT transform and THM chaos
Authors: Liu Zilong ,   School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China, Li Jingbing , Liu Jing ,   Haikou University of Economics, Haikou 571127, China,   Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
Published: December 2021

With the popularization and application of face recognition technology, a large number of face image data are spread and used on the Internet. It has brought great potential safety hazard for personal privacy. Combined with the characteristics of tent chaos and Henon chaos, a THM (tent-Henon map) chaotic encrypted face algorithm based on Ridgelet-DCT transform is proposed in this paper. Different from conventional face recognition methods, this new approach encryptes the face images by means of using the homomorphic encryption method to extract their visual robust features in the first place, and then uses the proposed neural network model to design the encrypted face recognition algorithm. This paper selects the ORL face database of Cambridge University to verify the algorithm. Experimental results show that the algorithm has a good performance in encryption effect, security and robustness, and has a broad application prospect.
Implementation Mixed Wireless Network with Lower Number of Wi-Fi Routers for Optimal Coverage
Authors: Muttair Karrar Shakir , Zahid Ali Z. Ghazi , Al-Ani Oras A. Shareef , Q. AL-Asadi Ahmed Mohammed , Mosleh Mahmood F.
Published: December 2021

With the development of various wireless communication networks, Wi-Fi Router positioning and deployment systems have become widely popular in recent years to improve coverage in various environments. In this paper, we present an appropriate mechanism for defining the deployment of Wi-Fi Routers to improve coverage in the Oxford Languages Institute (OLI) environment. In addition, the institute's environment was simulated using the Wireless InSite (WI) Package. In this work, two types of Wi-Fi Routers are used. The first is the TP-Link, while the second is the Rocket. These two devices operate at 2.4 and 5 GHz frequencies. There are two objectives in this work. The first aim is to determine the best location to cover the simulated scene environment in a better way. The second aim is to compare Wi-Fi Routers to find out which Wi-Fi Router is better and find out how many Wi-Fi Routers we need to cover the institute's environment. The comparison between Wi-Fi Routers was based on basic parameters to measure the performance of wireless networks, the most important of which are Coverage Rate (CR) Percentage, Signal Quality Rate (SQR), and Received Power Rate (RPR). According to the results that were shown on the Graphical User Interface (GUI) using MATLAB Software. We noticed that the CR, SQR, and RPR of the Rocket are 83.9080%, 97.0082%, and -35.2337 dBm respectively, and these results are better than the results provided by the TP-Link, as it gave the CR, SQR, and RPR are 32.1839%, 77.8690%, and -58.1685 dBm, respectively. Finally, we conclude that CR using the Rocket is good and we need one device to cover the institute’s environment. While CR using the TP-Link is bad and we need five devices to reach the coverage provided by the Rocket because the Rocket has high transmitted power and gain capacity.
Les déterminants de l’activité didactique du professeur débutant en éducation physique et sportive
Authors: Brière-Guenoun Fabienne
Published: December 2021

Notre recherche s’attache à décrire et comprendre les façons dont deux enseignants stagiaires d’éducation physique et sportive conduisent l’avancée des savoirs dans la classe afin de saisir les déterminants de leur activité didactique. En référence aux études de l’action conjointe en didactique, l’épistémologie pratique des deux enseignants stagiaires relève d’une imbrication singulière et évolutive de théories sur l’enseignement, sur l’activité physique enseignée, sur l’apprentissage et de référents personnels. Elle s’enracine dans un double rapport à la formation initiale et aux prescriptions officielles, et se reconfigure sous l’influence de déterminants contextuels qui orientent finalement la construction de leur rapport au métier.
Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Aspects of Hemidesmus indicus
Authors: Rajput Minakshi , Navneet  , Akash
Published: December 2021

Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. is commonly known as Indian Sarsaparilla or Anantmula. Traditionally, it has been utilised as a vital herb for the treatment of several disorders. Indian Sarsaparilla is rich in a wide range of phytoconstituents such as pregnane glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, aromatic aldehydes, lignans, saponins, flavonoids and aliphatic acids which may further contribute to its pharmacological properties. This chapter gathers and compiles the traditional ethnobotanical and ayurvedic aspects of H. indicus and recently updated knowledge regarding the pharmacology, phytochemistry, adulteration, and current trends of this medicinally important herb in the field of modern phytomedicine. It also presents the ayurvedic pharmacology of this herb and summarizes the biomedical researches in as much as it helps glean a better understanding of H. indicus safety and effectiveness in humans, and describes the various natural products and polyherbal medicines containing H. indicus.
Evidence-Based Immersive Technology Use in Cognitive Assessments and Cognition-Based Interventions
Authors: Sahu Aparna , Bajaj Jagrika
Published: December 2021

The merging of immersive technologies and cognition has been around for a while. However, it is only in the last decade or so that immersive technologies' contributions in the areas of cognitive assessments and interventions have gathered recognition. This chapter covers findings from published research in cognition-based assessments and interventions using the immersive technologies of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). The role of immersive technologies in cognition is critically evaluated to inform all its stakeholders about its potential for use in the future.
Challenging Deficit Thinking in Our Schools
Authors: Nobel Michele McMahon
Published: December 2021

Deficit thinking by educators is a barrier to student success. To effectively meet the needs of all students, future teachers need to be able to identify and challenge deficit thinking when they encounter it. Educator preparation programs are well positioned to assist with the rejection of deficit thinking in favor of strengths-based approaches in the classroom through intentionally designed courses and required field experiences. This chapter explores deficit thinking in special education, highlights components of teacher training that have been demonstrated to address issues of equity and combat deficit thinking, and shares one education department's efforts to ensure deficit thinking is adequately addressed in their coursework and fieldwork. Other educator preparation programs may benefit from the exploration of inclusive and equity-focused program components, as well as the auditing process conducted by this education department.
Defying Deficit Thinking
Authors: Cartagena Sacha , Pike Lindsey
Published: December 2021

Bolstered by the reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), inclusion became part of the education vernacular. This chapter provides a review of key highlights in the history of inclusive education. The impact of deficit thinking and role of social justice are emphasized as undercurrents driving legislative changes. The authors propose systems thinking as a method to identify actionable items for advancing inclusive education. An overview of promising inclusive frameworks, specifically Universal Design for Learning and social-emotional learning, are described and recommended for embedding inclusive practices into daily practice within the education system.
Age of Majority in Special Education and the Compliance-Driven Denial of Student Dignity and Autonomy
Authors: Walters Charles B. , Imle Barbara , Plotner Anthony J.
Published: December 2021

Ethical imperatives, the importance of self-determination, and evidence-based practices in transition direct special education professionals to ensure students with disabilities receive support that prepares them to exercise their rights as they approach adulthood. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) includes mandates that address the process of transferring educational decision-making authority to students as they approach the age of majority. There is evidence, however, that indicates there are challenges with implementing such mandates as the use of surrogate decision-making mechanisms, such as guardianship, continue to be favored over less restrictive alternatives. This chapter outlines information for professionals seeking to support students as they approach the age of majority and encourages the use of strengths-based approaches, rather than approaches that center student deficits and IDEA compliance. This chapter emphasizes the importance of utilizing less restrictive alternatives to guardianship that promote student autonomy and self-determination.
Religion in the Workplace
Authors: Ayari Asma
Published: December 2021

This chapter is an exploratory study that explores the issues of the religious fact in Bahraini banks. The chapter will produce an understanding of this phenomenon, the different religious forms it takes, and its impact on the management of organizational functioning in Bahraini banks. First, a questionnaire will be distributed among 125 employees and managers working in Bahraini banks. The questionnaire will report the workplace religious positions and manifestations perceived by the employees. It will also say what religious facts and managerial solutions based on religion employees observe in the workplace. Then, semi-direct interviews conducted with 15 managers will help explore the challenges and issues related to religious practices. Finally, the data collected will be analyzed based on themes developed from the literature review. The results will show how religious values impact Bahraini bank management practices and functioning.
Coligação de elites estaduais e ação eleitoral de oposicionistas: os processos de criação e dissolução do Partido Democrático Paranaense (1926-1927).
Authors: Richter Gomes Sandro Aramis
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo comporta uma investigação sobre os processos de formação e extinção do Partido Democrático Paranaense. Tais processos ocorreram nos anos de 1926 e 1927. Há três argumentos sustentados no presente trabalho. Primeiro, é evidenciado que a gestão de tal agremiação foi controlada por políticos veteranos que haviam pertencido ao situacionismo estadual. Segundo, cumpre demonstrar que essa grei não obteve irrestrita adesão de membros do campo oposicionista no estado. Terceiro, a dificuldade de formar ampla base eleitoral e a morte de sua principal liderança geraram a dissolução desse partido.
Serglycin Is Involved in Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity
Authors: Doncheva Atanaska I , Norheim Frode A , Hjorth Marit , Grujic Mirjana , Paivandy Aida , Dankel Simon N , Hertel Jens Kristoffer , Valderhaug Tone G , Böttcher Yvonne , Fernø Johan , Mellgren Gunnar , Dalen Knut T , Pejler Gunnar , Kolset Svein O
Published: December 2021

Chronic local inflammation of adipose tissue is an important feature of obesity. Serglycin is a proteoglycan highly expressed by various immune cell types known to infiltrate adipose tissue under obese conditions. To investigate if serglycin expression has an impact on diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation, we subjected Srgn+/+ and Srgn−/− mice (C57BL/6J genetic background) to an 8-wk high-fat and high-sucrose diet. The total body weight was the same in Srgn+/+ and Srgn−/− mice after diet treatment. Expression of white adipose tissue genes linked to inflammatory pathways were lower in Srgn−/− mice. We also noted reduced total macrophage abundance, a reduced proportion of proinflammatory M1 macrophages, and reduced formation of crown-like structures in adipose tissue of Srgn−/− compared with Srgn+/+ mice. Further, Srgn−/− mice had more medium-sized adipocytes and fewer large adipocytes. Differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes (3T3-L1) was accompanied by reduced Srgn mRNA expression. In line with this, analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from mouse and human adipose tissue supports that Srgn mRNA is predominantly expressed by various immune cells, with low expression in adipocytes. Srgn mRNA expression was higher in obese compared with lean humans and mice, accompanied by an increased expression of immune cell gene markers. SRGN and inflammatory marker mRNA expression was reduced upon substantial weight loss in patients after bariatric surgery. Taken together, this study introduces a role for serglycin in the regulation of obesity-induced adipose inflammation.
Divergent Genetic Regulation of Nitric Oxide Production between C57BL/6J and Wild-Derived PWD/PhJ Mice Controls Postactivation Mitochondrial Metabolism, Cell Survival, and Bacterial Resistance in Dendritic Cells
Authors: Snyder Julia P , Gullickson Soyeon K , del Rio-Guerra Roxana , Sweezy Andrea , Vagher Bay , Hogan Tyler C , Lahue Karolyn G , Reisz Julie A , D’Alessandro Angelo , Krementsov Dimitry N , Amiel Eyal
Published: December 2021

Dendritic cell (DC) activation is characterized by sustained commitment to glycolysis that is a requirement for survival in DC subsets that express inducible NO synthase (Nos2) due to NO-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. This phenomenon primarily has been studied in DCs from the classic laboratory inbred mouse strain C57BL/6J (B6) mice, where DCs experience a loss of mitochondrial function due to NO accumulation. To assess the conservation of NO-driven metabolic regulation in DCs, we compared B6 mice to the wild-derived genetically divergent PWD/PhJ (PWD) strain. We show preserved mitochondrial respiration and enhanced postactivation survival due to attenuated NO production in LPS-stimulated PWD DCs phenocopying human monocyte-derived DCs. To genetically map this phenotype, we used a congenic mouse strain (B6.PWD-Chr11.2) that carries a PWD-derived portion of chromosome 11, including Nos2, on a B6 background. B6.PWD-Chr11.2 DCs show preserved mitochondrial function and produce lower NO levels than B6 DCs. We demonstrate that activated B6.PWD-Chr11.2 DCs maintain mitochondrial respiration and TCA cycle carbon flux, compared with B6 DCs. However, reduced NO production by the PWD Nos2 allele results in impaired cellular control of Listeria monocytogenes replication. These studies establish a natural genetic model for restrained endogenous NO production to investigate the contribution of NO in regulating the interplay between DC metabolism and immune function. These findings suggest that reported differences between human and murine DCs may be an artifact of the limited genetic diversity of the mouse models used, underscoring the need for mouse genetic diversity in immunology research.
Pulmonary tuberculosis and COVID-19 coinfection: A new medical challenge
Authors: Osejo-Betancourt Miguel , Molina-Paez Sebastian , Rubio-Romero Mariana
Published: December 2021

Radiological findings in chest radiography and respiratory symptomatology represent a great challenge of interpretation during the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic, as their patterns can generate uncertainty at the time of diagnosis. This case highlights the importance in achieving an adequate correlation between diagnostic imaging and the clinical picture. We present a male adult who was admitted for 8 days of respiratory symptoms. Management with steroids was initiated according to the RECOVERY (Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy) protocol and later confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection was received. In the following weeks, he deteriorated slowly and progressively clinically, without reaching respiratory failure. Imaging showed a thick-walled cavitation in the right lower lobe. Tuberculosis was suspected and confirmed. The uniqueness of this case of COVID-19 coinfection in a patient with undiagnosed tuberculosis, represents a diagnostic and clinical management challenge, where the proper interpretation of chest radiology is a fundamental tool.
Two-Point versus Three-Point Fixation in the Management of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures
Authors: Gawande Mayur Janardan , Lambade Pravin N. , Bande Chandrashekhar , Gupta M. K. , Mahajan Monica , Dehankar Tejaswini
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

The zygoma plays an important role in the facial contour for both cosmetic and functional reasons; therefore, zygomatic bone injuries should be properly diagnosed and adequately treated. Comparison of various surgical approaches and their complications can only be done objectively using outcome measurements that require a protocol for management and long-term follow-up. The objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy of zygomatic bone after treatment with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) using two-point fixation and ORIF using three-point fixation and compare the outcome of two procedures.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty patients were randomly divided equally into two groups. In Group A, ten patients were treated by ORIF using two-point fixation by miniplates and in Group B, ten patients were treated by ORIF using three-point fixation by miniplates. They were evaluated with their advantages and disadvantages and the difference between the two groups was observed.

Results:

We found that postoperative facial and neurological complications are minimum in two-point fixation group. Based on this study, open reduction and internal fixation using two-point fixation by miniplates is sufficient and the best available treatment of choice for the management of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures.

Discussion:

Alignment of the fracture at three points and fixation at two stable points provide the most accurate and satisfactory postoperative results. Two-point interosseous fixation at the “buttress” fracture and the frontozygomatic (FZ) fracture is suitable for routine surgery. The results of these studies confirm with the present study that two-point fixation provided better stability in patients with clinical and radiological evidence of fracture in FZ and zygomaticomaxillary buttress area.
Estimation of prevalence of bronchial asthma in preschool and prepubertal children using international study of asthma and allergies in childhood criteria in Raipur Chhattisgarh
Authors: Kale Renu , Khachhawaha Raghavendra S.
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:

Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic disease affecting children and young adults. The prevalence of asthma is on the rise worldwide with increasing levels of pollution. The epidemiology of asthma is a growing area of research. There is a paucity of data from central India, especially from Raipur, which has become the capital of Chattishgarh since the year 2000. This community-based study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of bronchial asthma in school going children aged between 6–7 years and 13–14 years.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study using ISSAC questionnaires was conducted across 12 schools in Raipur, selected on a random basis. The required sample size of 1000/age group was needed according to International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood criteria, so a total of 2029 children were recruited in both age groups. Data were managed in Microsoft Office Excel and were analyzed using tests of proportion.

RESULT:

Out of 2029 children evaluated, 153 (7.54%) had a positive history of wheezing throughout their lives and the relative number of wheezy girls was 7.56% as compared to boys 7.52%. Comparison between two age groups 6–7 and 13–14 years, wheezing incidence of 7.37% and 7.71% was similar with no significant difference. Confirmed asthma was detected in 2.32% of cases. No significant difference was noted in both age groups, i.e. 1.97% in 6–7 and 2.67% in 13–14 years. Higher incidence of exercise-induced wheeze was noted in older age group (13–14 years) children 5.04% versus 4.23%.

CONCLUSION:

The prevalence of bronchial asthma was 2.32% in children in Raipur. Increasing trends in prevalence due to increasing pollution needs environmental measure to control pollution.
Impact of long-term doxycycline on lung function & exacerbations
Authors: Bhattacharyya Parthasarathi , Singh Brajesh , Sarkar Surita , Das Soumen Kumar , Chakraborty Bodhisattwa , Saha Dipanjan , Chakraborty Kumar , Saha Indranil , Chaudhury Koel
Published: December 2021

Background & objectives:

Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is related to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed at assessing the tolerability and impact of long-term use of MMP inhibitor doxycycline in COPD.

Methods:

A cohort of COPD patients was randomized to continue a uniform COPD treatment with or without add-on long-term oral doxycycline. The lung exacerbations (spirometry), adverse events and health status (COPD Assessment Test score) were noted at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of therapy. Measurement of the serum MMP-2, and 9 and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels was done at the start of the study and at three months, whenever possible.

Results:

There were 27, 19, 13 and 10 patients with add-on doxycycline group and 22, 19, 11 and 7 patients with COPD treatment alone at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of treatment respectively. The improvement was obviousaconsistent and serial improvement of health st nd mostly (at 6 and 12 months) significant (P>0.05) for lung function parameters [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of FVC (FEF25-75)] and universal for health status at all measurements, with an overall 26.69 per cent reduction in exacerbations. The analysis with the lung function changes in the available population with protocol violation also supported the same trend. The concomitant reduction in serum MMP-9 (P=0.01), MMP-2 (P=0.01) and hs-CRP (P=0.0001) levels (n=21) at three months was also significant. The adverse reactions with add-on doxycycline appeared acceptable.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Long-term doxycycline appears well tolerated and seems to improve lung function, health status and exacerbations in COPD. The claim needs further scientific validations.
Association of E-cadherin & vimentin expression with clinicopathological parameters in lingual squamous cell carcinomas & their role in incomplete epithelial mesenchymal transition
Authors: Goyal Neelakshi , Singh Meeta , Sagar Nishant , Khurana Nita , Singh Ishwar
Published: December 2021

Background & objectives:

Lingual squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) pose a major public health burden in India. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the conversion of an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal phenotype at the invasive front (IF) enhancing invasiveness of these cells which may be studied using immunohistochemistry. The objective of this study was to assess the expression of E-cadherin and vimentin at the IF, and their correlation with the histological risk assessment score, clinicopathological parameters and lymph node metastasis.

Methods:

Thirty consecutive untreated patients diagnosed as lingual SCC who underwent hemiglossectomy over one year formed the study group. The immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and vimentin in the periphery as well as the centre of tumour islands was correlated with clinicopathological parameters, Brandwein-Gensler risk assessment score and lymph node metastasis, along with a correlation between the coexpression of two markers at the IF.

Results:

Loss of E-cadherin expression was seen at IF in 83.3 per cent (25/30) cases. Out of these, 20 per cent (5/25) showed a corresponding gain in vimentin expression (complete epithelial-mesenchymal transition) and 80 per cent (20/25) did not. Overall, 16.6 per cent (5/30) cases showed complete EMT. However, no correlation between E- cadherin and vimentin expression at the IF was found. No statistical significance was found between E-cadherin loss and vimentin gain at the IF, with the various parameters or the risk score.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The present study suggests that the cells at IF may metastasize even without a gain in vimentin expression (without classical EMT), as cohesive clusters showing incomplete EMT (E-cadh-/Vim-).
Emerging trends from COVID-19 research registered in the Clinical Trials Registry - India
Authors: Rao M. Vishnu Vardhana , Juneja Atul , Maulik Mohua , Adhikari Tulsi , Sharma Saurabh , Gupta Jyotsna , Panchal Yashmin , Yadav Neha
Published: December 2021

Since the beginning of the year, the deadly coronavirus pandemic, better known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), brought the entire world to an unprecedented halt. In tandem with the global scenario, researchers in India are actively engaged in the conduct of clinical research to counter the pandemic. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the COVID-19 research in India including design aspects, through the clinical trials registered in the Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI) till June 5, 2020. One hundred and twenty two registered trials on COVID-19 were extracted from the CTRI database. These trials were categorized into modern medicine (n=42), traditional medicine (n=67) and miscellaneous (n=13). Of the 42 modern medicine trials, 28 were on repurposed drugs, used singly (n=24) or in combination (n=4). Of these 28 trials, 23 were to evaluate their therapeutic efficacy in different severities of the disease. There were nine registered trials on cell- and plasma-based therapies, two phytopharmaceutical trials and three vaccine trials. The traditional medicine trials category majorly comprised Ayurveda (n=45), followed by homeopathy (n=14) and others (n=8) from Yoga, Siddha and Unani. Among the traditional medicine category, 31 trials were prophylactic and 36 were therapeutic, mostly conducted on asymptomatic or mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients. This review would showcase the research being conducted on COVID-19 in the country and highlight the research gaps to steer further studies.
Adopting an intersectoral One Health approach in India
Authors: Dasgupta Rajib , Tomley Fiona , Alders Robyn , Barbuddhe Sukhadeo B. , Kotwani Anita
Published: December 2021

Following the several episodes of zoonotic disease outbreaks and the more recent COVID-19 pandemic, the Indian policy initiatives are committed to institutionalize One Health (OH) approaches and promote intersectoral, transdisciplinary collaboration and cooperation. The OH principle needs to be visualized beyond the scope of zoonoses. While conservation, ecological and veterinary professions are getting increasingly engaged with OH, most of the medical/clinical and social sciences professions are only peripherally aware of its nuances. The OH initiatives, by their essentially multidisciplinary nature, entail working across ministries and navigating tacit institutional hierarchies and allocating leadership roles. The logical operational step will be the constitution of One Health Committees (OHC) at the State and district levels. Here, we outline the key foundational principles of OHC and hope that the framework for implementation shall be deliberated through wider consultations and piloted and adopted in a phased manner.
Health system preparedness & community participation in Japanese encephalitis/acute encephalitis syndrome (JE/AES) prevention in a tribal district of Odisha, India
Authors: Sahoo Krushna Chandra , Negi Sapna , Dash Girish Chandra , Sahoo Rakesh Kumar , Kshatri Jaya Singh , Panda Sheetal , Pattanaik Matrujyoti , Badaik Goldi , Pati Sanghamitra , Bhattacharya Debdutta
Published: December 2021

Background & Objectives:

Japanese encephalitis/acute encephalitis syndrome (JE/AES) is one of the major zoonotic arbodiseases that has a significant effect on human and animal health. Though many studies have been published on the epidemiology and transmission mechanisms of JE/AES, but there is little evidence on health system preparedness, including community-based engagement. This study was undertaken to explore a multi-stakeholder perspective on health system preparedness for the prevention of JE/AES in a tribal district of Odisha, India.

Methods:

This study was conducted at Malkangiri district of Odisha. A total of nine focus group discussions (FGDs) among women having under-five children, community volunteers, and community health workers (CHWs), and 20 in-depth-interviews (IDIs) among community leaders, healthcare providers, and programme managers were conducted. The FGDs and IDIs were digitally recorded, transcribed, translated and analysed using content analysis approach.

Results:

Health system preparedness for the prevention of JE/AES was improved, including effective vector management, implementation of the surveillance system, and vaccination programme. The JE vaccine was introduced under Universal Immunization Programme in Odisha in 2016. Behavioural Change Communication activities were provided with the support of community volunteers on Village Health Nutrition and Sanitation Day (VHNSD) under Gaon Kalyan Samiti (GKS) platforms. The CHWs were actively involved in vector management and raising sanitation and hygiene awareness.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Community participation and coordination between different stakeholders have a significant impact on the successful implementation of the programme. It was suggested that there was a need for a sustainability approach to active participation, orientation and capacity building training among CHWs and community volunteers to successfully implement the programme.
Deprescribing to Resolve Oversedation and Confusion in an Older Person Treated for Auditory Hallucinations and Poststroke Seizure Prophylaxis
Authors: Branum Mark
Published: December 2021

This case study reviews the pharmacotherapy of a resident in a long-term care facility being treated for poststroke seizure, hallucinations, and dementia, a geriatric syndrome that is both common in regard to its prevalence and severe in regard to its impact on the individual, families, caregivers, and health care system. This case describes the past medical history of an older resident in a skilled nursing facility that was receiving pharmacological therapy for auditory hallucinations and for poststroke seizure prophylaxis, was noted to be having side effects from drug therapy, and how the nursing staff communicated with the consultant pharmacist to resolve these issues.
Impact of Pharmacist Counseling at Discharge for Older People
Authors: Davis Daijah , Rogers Melissa , Baker Joni , Tillery Erika E.
Published: December 2021

Objective To examine the evidence surrounding how the implementation of pharmacist discharge counseling affects the number of readmissions. Data Sources A search was conducted using EBSCOhost and the National Library of Medicine databases for articles
published through December 2020 with the keywords “discharge counseling,” “discharge teaching,” “discharge education,” “patient education,” “patient teaching,” “medication reconciliation,” “pharmacist,” and
“readmission rates.” The authors independently screened citations and applied inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study Selection A total of 32 articles were reviewed and analyzed. Inclusion criteria included articles published in the English language with human
subjects, and adults (18 years of age and older) involving pharmacist-led discharge counseling and assessment of readmission rates were included. Data Extraction Study characteristics, intervention type, and outcomes with statistical significance where reported were included
in the literature analysis. Data Synthesis Studies examined reported varying health care improvements postdischarge with the implementation of pharmacist services in the discharge process. Not all results were significant for reduction in readmission rates, but a downward
trend was observed. Conclusion Implementation of pharmacist discharge counseling may decrease the number of hospital readmissions, particularly in older people.
Cantor dynamics of renormalizable groups
Authors: Hurder Steven , Lukina Olga , van Limbeek Wouter
Published: December 2021

A group

\Gamma

is said to be “finitely non-co-Hopfian,” or “renormalizable,” if there exists a self-embedding

\varphi \colon \Gamma \to \Gamma

whose image is a proper subgroup of finite index. Such a proper self-embedding is called a “renormalization for

\Gamma

.” In this work, we associate a dynamical system to a renormalization

\varphi

of

\Gamma

. The discriminant invariant

{\mathcal D}_{\varphi}

of the associated Cantor dynamical system is a profinite group which is a measure of the asymmetries of the dynamical system. If

{\mathcal D}_{\varphi}

is a finite group for some renormalization, we show that

\Gamma/C_{\varphi}

is virtually nilpotent, where

C_{\varphi}

is the kernel of the action map. We introduce the notion of a (virtually) renormalizable Cantor action, and show that the action associated to a renormalizable group is virtually renormalizable. We study the properties of virtually renormalizable Cantor actions, and show that virtual renormalizability is an invariant of continuous orbit equivalence. Moreover, the discriminant invariant of a renormalizable Cantor action is an invariant of continuous orbit equivalence. Finally, the notion of a renormalizable Cantor action is related to the notion of a self-replicating group of automorphisms of a rooted tree.
Minimality of the action on the universal circle of uniform foliations
Authors: Fenley Sérgio R. , Potrie Rafael
Published: December 2021

Given a uniform foliation by Gromov hyperbolic leaves on a 3-manifold, we show that the action of the fundamental group on the universal circle is minimal and transitive on pairs of different points. We also prove two other results: we prove that general uniform Reebless foliations are

\mathbb{R}

R-covered and we give a new description of the universal circle of

\mathbb{R}

-covered foliations with Gromov hyperbolic leaves in terms of the JSJ decomposition of

M

.
Elementary subgroups of virtually free groups
Authors: André Simon
Published: December 2021

We give a description of elementary subgroups (in the sense of first-order logic) of finitely generated virtually free groups. In particular, we recover the fact that elementary subgroups of finitely generated free groups are free factors. Moreover, one gives an algorithm that takes as input a finite presentation of a virtually free group

G

and a finite subset

X

of

G

, and decides if the subgroup of

G

generated by

X

is

\forall\exists

-elementary. We also prove that every elementary embedding of an equationally noetherian group into itself is an automorphism.