bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desire Predicates in Presence and Absence of the Light Verbs: Addressing their Embedded Clausal Structure in Bangla
Authors: Roychowdhury Debadatta , Ghosh Soumya Sankar , Karmakar Samir
Published: September 2023

The current study focuses on an intriguing dichotomy seen in the Bangla (Bengali: Indo-Aryan) language, which centers on the desire predicates expressed by the term itʃtʃʰe ‘desire’. In the Bangla language, the desire predicate itʃtʃʰe can be used independently or in conjunction with the light verb hɔwa ‘happen’ to form the NV conjunct itʃtʃʰe hɔwa, indicating the occurrence of the desire. According to the scholarly works of Dasgupta (1989), Chatterjee (2014), and Butt (2010) the Bangla language exhibits the presence of composite verb formations, whereby a nonverb is combined with a verb. These formations involve the occurrence of a light verb with a noun, adjective, or adposition. The primary focus of this study will be on the differentiation between the bare verb itʃtʃʰe ‘desire’ and its usage in conjunction with the light verb forming itʃtʃʰe hɔwa. The distinction between them pertains to their embeddability qualities, namely the clausal complements they choose.
Correlation of Risk Factors with the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy at a Rural Health Facility in Sindh Pakistan
Authors: Khalique Abdul , Rizvi Amjad Hussain , MS Fahmi . , Khan Muhammed Qamar , Nasir Abdul , Khan Rasheed Ahmed , Ali Mahboob , Bibi Afsha
Published: September 2023

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and the resulting Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a significant health problem around the World. In 2019, the total number of diabetics worldwide was 463 million, and 35% had some DR. Objectives: To determine the correlation between the severity of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and the known risk factors. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study design was used with convenience sampling in a primary, multispecialty day care health facility under the Baqai Foundation (Khushal Nagar) in a rural area of Sindh from 2020 - 2022. A total of 133 patients had some DR according to the International Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale (ICDRSS), which correlated with the different risk factors. Spearman rank correlation was used, and the result was considered significant when the P value was <.05. Results: The results showed a significant positive correlation between the severity of DR with Age, Random Blood Sugar, Hypertension, and Smoking. Glycated hemoglobin and hyperlipidemia were not significantly correlated, mainly because of the small sample size. (23 and 14 respectively). The patients who tried to have Lipid Profile and Glycated Hemoglobin done had stage four or five of ICDRSS. Conclusions: Most risk factors studied were positively correlated with the severity of DR. Besides the intended study, the findings highlighted the non-awareness of patients about DR and its consequences. Awareness campaigns and screening programs for DR and its risk factors are urgently required and tailored to our circumstances.
Penerapan Metode Grand MBA dalam Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Al-Qur’an Siswa Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al Burhan Semarang Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023
Authors: Fath Moh Jihadul , Muslimin Edy , Hidayat M. Yunan
Published: September 2023

Application of the GRAND MBA Method in Improving the Reading Ability of Al-Qur'an Students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al Burhan. The background of this research is that there are still students who are not proficient in reading the Al-Qur'an and the students' lack of understanding of tajwid and makharijul letters of the Al-Qur'an. The purpose of this study was to find out 1) Application of the GRAND MBA Method in Improving Al-Qur'an Reading Ability of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al Burhan Students, 2) Ability to read Al-Qur'an of students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al Burhan. This research is a qualitative research. The subjects were students and Al-Qur'an teachers while the informants were madrasah heads, Al-Qur'an teachers and Waka Curriculum. Data collection techniques carried out by researchers using interview techniques, observation and documentation. Test the validity of the data using triangulation while data analysis techniques through data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that 1) The application of the GRAND MBA method also reveals an increase in students' ability to read the Qur'an. This can be seen from the ability of students to pronounce Arabic letters well, apply the tajwid laws correctly, read the Qur'an more smoothly and can interpret the verses of the Qur'an in words. 2) The process of applying the GRAND MBA Method in increasing the ability to read the Koran from semester 1 to semester 2 and there was an increase of 87%.
Kegiatan Keagamaan Majelis Ta’lim Dalam Penanggulangan Dampak Covid-19
Authors: Naelasari Desy
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this research is to describe the disease of COVID-19 in Jepara district and to explain how the implementation of the study by Tafsir Amaly manages the stress of the community in Tigajuru Village and Welahan Village of Jepara District. The research methods used in this research are qualitative research methods and quantitative descriptive design techniques. Data collection in this study is done in three ways: interview, observation and documentation. Research results: (1) The impact of COVID-19 in Jepara district: a. The effect of economic change: income is decreasing and cannot work. b. The impact of psychological change: anxiety and stress (stress). (2) Implementation of the Amaly Tafsir Study in dealing with the stress of the community in Tigajuru and Welahan villages: (a) Planning: The research activities of Amaly Denagn pay attention to the time and methods or studies that will be used. (b) The implementation: (1) Tigajuro village: using general methods to interpret Amaly in general. (2) Welahan village: Special methods (Tababbur methods): understand, live, and think about every word and every verse of the Qur'an. (c) Evaluation: (1) The condition of the citizens who became more calm and more enthusiastic to do daily activities after the appointment of the Amaly Tafsir study (2) The request of citizens to be appointed to an amaly tafsir study once a week.
Osmanlı Tarihçiliğinin Sahib-kıranı: Cornell Fleischer (1950-2023)
Authors: ATÇIL Zahit
Published: September 2023

Osmanlı tarihçiliğinin son dönem en büyük üstatlarından biri olan Cornell H. Fleischer 24 Nisan 2023 tarihinde bu dünyadan göçtü. Fleischer Osmanlı tarihçiliğine seviye atlatmış, tarihçiliği, hocalığı ve arkadaşlığı ile yeri doldurulması çok zor bir alimdi. Yayınlarında, derslerinde, sohbetlerinde derin bilgisi ile etrafını aydınlatan nevi şahsına münhasır bir kişiydi. Bir öğrencisi olmaktan onur duyduğum Cornell Fleischer’ı çok farklı yönleri ile ele almak mümkündür. Burada akademik çalışmaları ve verdiği derslerle Osmanlı tarihçiliğine katkılarına kısaca değinmekle yetineceğim.
Adapting the Contextualized Reading Strategies Scale into Turkish Culture and Identifying its Psychometric Features
Authors: URFALI DADANDI Pakize
Published: September 2023

Reading comprehension is a complex cognitive process that necessitates the employment of various strategies before, during, and after reading. Researchers have developed a number of measurement tools to both identify these strategies and evaluate their extent of use among successful and poor readers. The aim of this study was to adapt the Contextualized Reading Strategies Scale (CReSS) into Turkish. The study data were obtained from two separate samples using a convenience sampling method. The first sample, Group A, was comprised of 435 secondary school students (F=246, M=189). The second sample, Group B, consisted of 384 secondary school students (F=228, M=156). The results of the exploratory factor analysis suggested a five-factor structure for the Turkish version of the CReSS, unlike the original version, which contains four subscales. This proposed new construct was further supported by confirmatory factor analysis, which yielded good fit indices. Furthermore, the reliability values were higher than the established threshold values for each subscale and for the whole scale. These results indicate that the Turkish version of the CReSS, with its robust psychometric properties, can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool to assess the level of reading strategy utilization among Turkish secondary school students.
The Role of Psychological Resilience in Predicting Parenting Self-Efficacy Perceptions of Patients Applying to Breast Polyclinic
Authors: ERGİN Büşra , ERGİN Esra , AKSOY Nergis , ERYILMAZ Mehmet Ali
Published: September 2023

The primary objective of this study is toinvestigate the relationship between psychological resilience levels and parenting self-efficacy perceptions of mothers with children aged 0-8 years who applied to the breast polyclinic.. The study adopted a quantitative research design utilizing a relational screening approach, and it involved a cohort of 282 willing mothers, selected through a criterion sampling technique. “Personal Information Form", "Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults", "Revised Berkeley Parenting Self-efficacy Scale" were used as data collection tools. The investigation of interrelationships among variables was conducted through both correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. The study’s outcomes reveal a discernible positive association between participants' psychological resilience and their perceptions of parenting self-efficacy. It was found that the highest relationship with the parental strategies dimension of parenting self-efficacy was with the social resources dimension of psychological resilience, and the highest relationship with the perception of future dimension of psychological resilience was with the child outcomes dimension of parenting self-efficacy. Path analysis outcomes substantiate that psychological resilience and its dimensions positively predict parenting self-efficacy. In alignment with these empirical findings, it was concluded that there is a positive relationship between psychological resilience and its dimensions and parenting self-efficacy.
Molecular and Ultrastructure Studies on Human Sperms in cases of Unexplained Infertility Undergoing Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
Authors: Attia Azza , Nada Heba , Orief Yasser , Etman Ahmed , Abdelkareem Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Infertility is a global health problem, affects 25% of couples. It is described as the incapacity of a couple to conceive a child after 12 months of continued sexual intercourse. Unexplained infertility is described and diagnosed as the patients’ semen analysis is within normal values and the patient’ partner examinations revealed no causes of infertility. The study aimed to find out the causes of unexplained infertility in men using ICSI. This was done through evaluation of the oxidative stress (OS) parameters, semen, molecular analysis (Caspase-3 activity and DNA integrity), detecting the immunological antisperm antibody (ASA) in semen samples; in addition to the ultrastructural evaluations of spermatozoa using TEM examination. Regarding to OS analysis, the results showed significant increases in the concentrations of MDA in the seminal fluids of patients, while SOD and GSH activities revealed significant decreases, comparing to the control value. Catalase contents showed no significant differences. Cspase-3, DNA integrity (genetic diversity) as well as Antisperm antibody (ASA) analysis revealed significant increases in samples of unexplained ferirtility patients, compairing to the control. The electron micrographs showed the appearance of head and tail abnormalities, where there were marked deformities in size of head region, loss of chromatin contents and an appearance of intranuclear cytoplasmic retention (INCR). The axoneme showed incomplete number of microtubules and marked loss of the central axonemal doublets; in addition to the dysplasia and disorganization of the mitochondrial and the the fibrous sheath.
Investigation of psychological impact levels of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with and without psychiatric disease diagnosis
Authors: Nazli Serif , Sevindik Muhammet , Ozturan Deniz , Vahapoglu Fatih
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to investigate the anxiety, depression, and psychological impact levels among people with and without psychiatric disease diagnosis in the quarantine and social isolation periods of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This study using the case-control research technique, included 182 cases with psychiatric diagnosis and 183 control participants without a psychiatric diagnosis. The research used the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and a data form inquiring about sociodemographic characteristics. Data were collected from participants during face-to-face psychiatric interviews. The anxiety levels (OR: 6), depression levels (OR: 3.8), and psychological impact levels (OR: 5.8) were identified to be higher in the case group compared to the control group (p<0.05). The HAM-A, HAM-D, and IES-R scores were not affected by age, sex, marital status, education, place of residence, and employment status in the study group. Living alone, receiving treatment, presence of chronic disease, poor income, and COVID (+) relatives affected scores. In this study, those with a psychiatric diagnosis were affected more by the COVID-19 pandemic compared to those without a diagnosis, while among those with a psychiatric diagnosis, those not receiving treatment were more affected than those using treatment.
A retrospective cross-sectional study on the efficacy of immune plasma in critical COVID-19 patients under intensive care follow-up
Authors: Kutlusoy Sevgi , Koca Erdi , Oterkus Mesut
Published: September 2023

Many methods have been attempted for the treatment of severe acute respiratory failure caused by COVID-19. One of these methods is immune plasma therapy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of immune plasma therapy using laboratory parameters and the effect of the time of initiation of immune plasma therapy on mortality in patients with COVID-19 who developed severe acute respiratory failure. 74 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 during hospitalization and given immune plasma in the intensive care unit were included in our study. Demographic data, comorbid diseases, time of immune plasma administration (first 4 days and after the 4th day), and laboratory and mortality data before and 1 and 2 days after plasma administration were recorded retrospectively. Analysis of the data we obtained in our study showed no difference in mortality between immune plasma administration within the first 4 days and after 4 days. In the group that received immune plasma transfusions in the first 4 days, glucose was lower, while creatinine and AST values were higher. The urea, leukocyte, neutrophil, PO2, PCO2, PCT, and D-dimer values of the patients 1 day and 2 days after immune plasma transfusion was higher than the pre-transfusion values, while CK, albumin and CRP values were lower. Immune plasma transfusion therapy improved laboratory parameters supporting clinical improvement due to decreased viral load in patients with COVID-19 who developed severe acute respiratory failure; however, it did not affect mortality and the number of patients discharged was higher in the group given early treatment (first 4 days). We suggest that early immune plasma administration may be an adjunctive treatment option to improve clinical recovery and reduce mortality until a definitive and permanent cure is found under pandemic conditions.
The relationship between vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine levels in the elderly Turkish population
Authors: Sener Gulsen , Kahvecioglu Esra
Published: September 2023

Aging is associated with increased incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases, and the role of micronutrient deficiencies in the development of diseases is important. Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency are often associated with increased homocysteine (Hcy) levels. In our study, we aimed to detect the relationship between Hcy levels by examining vitamin B12 and folate levels in the healthy elderly Turkish population. In our study, the levels of vitamin B12, folate, and Hcy were analyzed and examined in 657 elderly and 642 non-elderly healthy adults admitted to the Internal medicine outpatient clinic. Vitamin B12 <200 pg/mL was considered to be deficient. Folic acid <5 ng/mL was considered a deficiency, and Hcy>15 µmol/L was considered a high concentration. Vitamin B12 levels were detected to be significantly decreased in the elderly group compared to the non-elderly group, while Hcy levels were marked to be increased (p<0.05). Women had lower levels of Hcy and higher levels of vitamin B12 and folate (p<0.05). There was a moderate negative correlation between Hcy and vitamin B12 levels in the elderly group (r=-0.576; p<0.0001), and a moderate negative correlation between Hcy and folate (r=-0.510; p<0.0001). In the elderly group, 21.5% had vitamin B12 deficiency and 21.6% had folate deficiency. An increase in Hcy level was detected in 54.8%. Those with Hcy levels >15 µmol/L had vitamin B12 deficiency in 38.4%, folate deficiency in 36.0%, and both vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in 15.8%. Our results indicate that it is important to measure vitamin B12, folate, and Hcy in the elderly, given the significant growth in the elderly population. We predict that vitamin B12 and folate supplementation, when necessary, may be beneficial in preventing some common diseases in the elderly and increasing the standard of life of the elderly and their relatives.
Histopathological results of adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy: 14 years of experience
Authors: Zenginkinet Tulay , Celik Serdal , Yakut Emre , Parlak Ramazan , Kalcioglu Mahmut
Published: September 2023

The necessity of routine pathologic examinations is still debatable considering the cost and the increase in workload. With a very wide spectrum of patients, this study aims to examine the cases collected in our hospital archive for the past 14 years retrospectively and to contribute to the literature on a subject that is still controversial. The results of adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy specimens of 5.658 patients who underwent adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy under general anaesthesia were evaluated. The number of patients who underwent only adenoidectomy was 2.057 (36.3%), whereas the number of patients who underwent only tonsillectomy was 978 (17.2%). Adenoidectomy together with tonsillectomy was performed on the remaining 2.623 (46.5%) patients. A total number of 11.882 specimens from 5.658 were evaluated histopathologically. The results showed that 2.846 (50.3%) patients had lymphoid hyperplasia, 1.651 (29.1%) had chronic inflammation, 1.012 (17.8%) had coexistence of lymphoid hyperplasia and chronic inflammation, 113 (1.99%) had Actinomyces granules, nine (0.15%) had squamous papilloma, three (0.05%) had epidermoid cyst, two (0.03%) had Aspergillus sphericules and 1 (0.01%) had foreign object reaction. None of the patients who underwent tonsillectomy without a pre-diagnosis of malignancy were diagnosed with cancer. However, a 12-year-old patient without a pre-diagnosis of malignancy was reported to have undifferentiated nasopharyngeal cancer (1/4.680, 0.021%). It’s possible that routine pathological examination, especially on patients under the age of 10, is not necessary when there is no finding that raises suspicion for malignancy.
Have routine childhood vaccine administration rates reached pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels? A hospital registry-based study from North India
Authors: Sharma Mohit , Arora Anjali , Sharma Bhuwan , Nanda Gurprit
Published: September 2023

Background: In many nations, including India, the COVID-19 outbreak hampered routine immunization (RI) services. Information about how a lockdown affects immunization rates is available; however, there is a dearth of published information about immunization rates after the lockdown.

Aims and Objectives: To study the bearing of COVID‐19 pandemic on immunization and, with the pandemic under control, to access whether India is getting back on track with its nationwide RI program.

Materials and Methods: A hospital registry-based retrospective observational study was performed. Data were collected from February 2019 until June 2022. The vaccine administration rates in 2019 were considered as baseline. Comparisons of changes in vaccination rates for different periods were done using the “N-1” Chi-squared test on the online statistical software MedCalc.

Results: As compared to March until May 2019, there was a decline of 27% in the administration of birth doses, a 28% decline in other doses, and a 33% decline in maternal doses of tetanus in the year 2020. From March to May 2021, birth doses showed a decline of 32% as compared to 2019, whereas other doses showed an increase of 25%. In the same months of 2022, birth doses have still not reached pre-COVID-19 levels (a decline of 10%), though administration of other doses has almost doubled.

Conclusion: We thus conclude that a significant drop in RI administration rates at our immunization clinic and vaccine administration rates did not achieve pre-COVID-19 levels as of 2022.
Gender differences in happiness during COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Türkiye
Authors: Alkan Omer , Kavalci Kubra
Published: September 2023

Mental health is seen as the most basic condition for a good quality of life. Those with a high level of happiness are believed to be healthier and more successful in interpersonal relationships. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the happiness levels of women and men in Türkiye during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, the microdata set obtained from the Life Satisfaction Survey conducted by TURKSTAT in 2020 was utilized. Using generalized ordered logistic regression analysis, the factors associated with the happiness levels of men and women were determined. According to the study’s findings, factors such as age, marital status, level of education, source of happiness (individual), general satisfaction level, level of satisfaction with health, and level of hope for the future are related to the happiness levels of women and men. In the study, it was determined that the importance and effect of the variables vary according to the happiness levels of men and women. It was revealed that employment status and household income were solely associated with the probability of being very happy/happy among men. It was determined that the happiness source (what) and household size variables were only associated with the probability of women being very happy/happy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it may be advantageous to implement initiatives that increase the level of happiness for men and women, strengthen emotional support, and provide better health care.
The aesthetics of the narrative in a novel (Look at your heart, you see me)
Authors: Al-Mahmoud Omar
Published: September 2023

The study aims to approach one of the Saudi narrative works that were published in the last five years, as it seeks to capture the aesthetics of narration in the novel (Look at Your Heart, You See Me), which tells the story of a fourteen-year-old girl who lost her mother, and depicts how she faces life and its ups and downs after this loss. The study will explore the most important elements that make up the narrative discourse of the blog, including personalities, events, and how the author invested the techniques of description, dialogue and narration in building her narration and formulating her events, to stop at the aesthetics of composition and vision in it.
Studies on Optical Characterization of One Pot Chemically Synthesized polypyrrole/Poly (Vinyl Acetate) Composite Thin Films
Authors: S.E Bavithra
Published: September 2023

Presently, fiber reinforced polymers are gaining more importance in the market for their lightweight, high strength to weight ratio, high durability, stiffness, damping property, flexural strength, wear, impact, and fire resistance. They have been used as a substitute for traditional steel reinforcing bars as they have excellent electrochemical corrosion resistant property. These polymers have become essential materials for maintaining and strengthening existing infrastructures. FRP bars are stronger material than steel .This paper presents an overview of the flexural behaviour of slabs reinforced with FRP bars subjected to static and impact loads. Key Words: FRP Bars, Flexural Strength.
Primary Malignant Bone Tumours at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka Zambia
Authors: Sakala D , Munthali JC , Mulla Y
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Primary malignant bone tumours include malignancies arising primarily from bone tissue. This is opposed to secondary bone tumours in which case the neoplastic elements arise primarily from other sites within the body and secondarily spread to bone. Primary malignant bone tumours are generally  considered rare. Wherever primary malignant bone tumours occur they tend to pose serious challenges in terms of diagnosis, management and morbidity and mortality. However there is a lack of organised local information demonstrating the burden of disease resulting from these tumours.Objectives: The main objective of this study was to establish the pattern of primary malignant bone tumour distribution at the UTH. The specific objectives of the study included to: Outline of the socio-demographic characteristics of patients,  determining the frequency of primary malignant bone tumours at UTH and the  hospital prevalence of primary malignant bone tumours including their histological distribution and the clinical presentation.Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional survey of patients who presented to The University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Lusaka, Zambia with histologically confirmed primary malignant bone tumours was conducted for the period from the 1st of January 2008 to the 31st of December 2012.Results: There were a total of hundred and fifty three (153) patients seen in total. Sixty six (43%) were females while 87 (57%) were males. The age range was 3yrs to 78yrs. The mean age was 31.6 yrs. Sixty nine percent (69%) of the patients were aged 40 years and below. The age distribution of primary malignant bone tumours showed a bimodal pattern of distribution with peaks in the second and sixth decades of life. The majority (35%) of the patients reported Lusaka Province as their  domicile, while the least (2.0%) hailed from North Western Province. The highest number of patients, 39 (25.5%) was recorded in 2012 and the lowest number 20 (13%) was recorded in 2011. Based on National Cancer Registry data, from 2008 to 2011, the overall proportion of patients with primary malignant bone tumours compared to all the other cancers recorded at UTH ranged between 1.7 to 2.8%. The majority, 84 (55.3%), of the patients had osteosarcoma, followed, in descending order, by multiple myeloma 42 (27.6%), chondrosarcoma 11 (7.2%), Ewing’s sarcoma 8 (5.3%), fibrosarcoma 3 (2.0%) and lymphoma 2 (1.3%). The majority of patients (35.5%) reported pain and swelling alone as a presenting complaint while 19.8% of the patients presented with pathological fractures. The single and most commonly reported anatomical site was from multiple myeloma which has a general skeletal involvement (27%); the second most commonly involved site was the  femur 23.7%, followed by the tibia 17.1%, and the humerus 7.5%.Conclusion: Notwithstanding the inconclusive nature of the information on geographic distribution of tumours, the findings in the study paralleled those reported in literature.
Transformation Agenda of World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa to the Zambian context
Authors: Mufunda Jacob
Published: September 2023

The focus of this special issue of the Medical Journal of Zambia is to showcase the progress made by the World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office for Zambia in domesticating the Transformation Agenda (TA) of the WHO Regional Office for Africa. This TA is the regional vision to fast track implementation of the global WHO reform. The introduction of this Transformation Agenda is timely and smoothly dovetails with the on going implementation of the national Zambia development transformation is a robust process that facilitates effective implementation of the Regional Agenda within WHO. The cardinal feature of the Transformation Agenda in the WHO is the leadership role at country level within the framework of the International Health Regulations2005.

The discussion on the future financing of the WHO reform began with a year long consultative process that culminated in the discussion during the 128th Session of the Executive Board of 2011. The discussion initially focused on uncertainties in the sustainability of financing modalities for the WHO. Suggestions were considered on how the organization could be more effective and better support member states which were experiencing changing demographics and disease profiles including emergencies. The capacity of the WHO to respond to emergencies was tested by the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. This largest and most complex outbreak in the history of the disease exposed frailties which are being addressed through the establishment of the health security and emergency cluster in WHO.

Transformation  Agenda  was  introduced  by  the WHO Regional Director for the African Region in 2015. The four tenets of the strategy are being results oriented, accountable, having a smart focus and communicating effectively to internal and external customers.

One area of the reform which remains steadfast is the leadership role of the WHO in the health sector as buttressed by the International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005.  IHR is a legally binding international law administered by the WHO at all levels. It is operational in all 196 member state signatories compelling them to work together to save lives including at member states like Zambia.

The stated purpose and scope of the IHR are

"to prevent, protect against, control and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to public health risks, and which avoid unnecessary interference with international traffic and trade. The IHR also require States to strengthen core surveillance and response capacities at the primary, intermediate and national level, as well as at designated international ports, airports and ground crossings". 

Member states are required to report any suspected public health event to the WHO to alert the institution which in turn shall put in place immediate response.
“Raising Gifted Children” Metaphor from the Perspectives of Turkish Gifted and Talented Children’s Parents
Authors: Konik Ayça Köksal
Published: September 2023

In this study, the mental images (metaphors) held by Turkish parents who have children diagnosed as gifted and talented at the age of 6, were examined regarding the concept of raising gifted children. In line with this objective, parents were asked to complete the sentence, “Raising a gifted child is like... because...” The collected data were analyzed using qualitative (content analysis) data analysis techniques. According to the findings of the research, it was observed that parents with gifted children generated a total of 71 valid metaphors regarding the concept of raising their children. These metaphors were categorized under 6 different conceptual categories based on their common characteristics. According to the obtained conceptual categories, raising gifted children was perceived as a demanding and challenging process, a process requiring extra patience and effort, these children were seen as the future of society, and individuals involved with this group of children were required to develop themselves, and it was also seen as a fun and developmental process.
Lost & Found: 173. Glossograptus hincksii (Hopkinson, 1872) and the HOPKINSON collection
Authors: Collins Philip
Published: September 2023

Philip Collins (Keeper of Natural History, St. Albans City Museum, Hatfield Road, St. Albans, Hertfordshire ALl 3RR) writes: '1 have recently had a request from Dr John Riva of Universite Laval, Quebec, regarding the whereabouts of the type specimen of the graptolite Glossograptus hincksii (Hopkinson, 1872) (Geol. Mag. 9, p.9, pi.12). The majority of John Hopkinson^s material is in the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge, with just a few specimens here at St. Albans. Unfortunately no specimen of G. hincksii has been found. I would be very grateful for information regarding this type and any further Hopkinson material other than that held here or in the Sedgwick which may come to light.'...
CING 18. Maidstone Museum
Authors: Knell Simon
Published: September 2023

Maidstone Museum holds a wide range of interesting material much of which is currently being used for research. It includes the Charles collection of Cretaceous reptiles figured by Richard Owen and London Clay turtles which could include type or figured material. Other named collections are likely to exist....
Frege’s Theory of Proper Names
Authors: Farzam Khalilullah
Published: September 2023

Gottlob Frege, in order to explain the relationship between language and reality, believes that in addition to the subjective meaning and external reference of words, related to the words and signs in their entirety, there is also a third thing that expresses how the words designate or stand for external references. Frege calls this third phenomenon the sense of words. Sense is the mode of presentation of reference which is designated by a proper name.  Sense contrary to meaning, which is subjective and personal, is an objective and external matter that everyone can enjoy or access to it. Frege’s theory will be examined in this article with the aim of showing how the theory is incomplete. Besides the fact that there is an inconsistency in his view concerning the nature of meaning (Frege considers sense sometimes objective and on other occasions something imaginary.), his argument to prove the objectivity of sense is unsuccessful. Even if we accept his assumption of the objectivity of sense, Frege cannot drive the problem of psychologism out of the path of human knowledge. That is, Frege fails to achieve its original objective; proving that psychologism is wrong.
Penerapan Model Kemandirian Keluarga Dalam Merawat Lansia Dengan Hipertensi Melalui Pendekatan Teori Orem (Self-Care) Di Desa Mongolato Kecamatan Telaga
Authors: Rona Febriyona  , Juliana Mayulu
Published: September 2023

Hypertension is a degenerative or non-communicable disease that is still high in cases as a contributor to morbidity and death rates in the community and often occurs in the elderly. The main focus of the conceptual model of self-care is to improve the ability of a person or family to care for himself and his family members independently so as to achieve the ability to maintain their health and well-being, because according to Orem, self-care is not a process of intuition, but a behavior that can be learned through the process of learning. The type of research used in this study is experimental design (one group pre-test post-test design), the study was carried out by means before treatment / treatment, the dependent variable was observed and measured blood pressure first (pre-test), after that treatment / treatment was carried out using instruments in the form of SAP, after treatment was observed and measured again blood pressure (post-test). The population in this study was 3 families with elderly people with hypertension in Mongolato Village, Telaga District. The results of data analysis from the data review found nursing problems, namely Knowledge Deficit and Health Behavior tend to be risky. The implementation carried out by the researcher is counseling using liflets about hypertension and Self-Care Management based on Orem Theory. The overall evaluation, after nursing actions, was obtained, namely increasing knowledge from each family about hypertension and being able to independently the elderly suffering from hypertension through their families based on the theory of Orem Self-Care Management.
Simulation model of carbon capture with MEA and the effect of temperature and duty on efficiency
Authors:   Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Majnoon Ali , Hajinezhad Ahmad , Moosavian Seyed Farhan
Published: September 2023

Humans continue to rely on fossil fuels to generate electricity. In other words, fossil fuels are the world's largest energy producers. Fossil fuels produce significant carbon dioxide, mostly in areas where humans live. Although the share of carbon dioxide produced in big cities is minimal compared to the carbon dioxide production of volcanoes, the production of carbon dioxide in big cities has destructive effects. Process Simulator is utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of their simulation model by subjecting it to various experimental conditions, including liquid loading, temperature, and CO2 absorption (PPS). Comparing empirical and simulated mass transfer coefficients distinguishes this study from others. This procedure consists of two steps: Carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption in a solvent produces highly concentrated CO2 gas following solvent regeneration. A chemical adsorption process's scalability depends on accurate simulation models, typically validated using data from a pilot plant. With the aid of this study, a simulation model of a desorption column is constructed with ASPEN PLUS and 42% MEA validated. In addition, the effect of the weight percentage of 20-42 MEA in the inlet stream on the efficiency is investigated, and the influence of the MEA inlet temperature on system efficiency is examined. Then, the recommended temperature is confirmed based on the MEA's heat tolerance capacity of 303 Kelvin.
Kitap Değerlendirmesi Nasıl Yazılır?
Authors: İskenderoğlu Muammer , Demir Abdullah
Published: September 2023

Bu çalışmada Türkçe literatürde farklı adlarla ifade edilen kitap tanıtım ve değerlendirme yazılarının nasıl yazılabileceğine dair bir kılavuz sunmayı amaçlıyorum. Çalışmaya ilk bölümde terminolojik kısa bir giriş ile başlıyor, bu bağlamda kitap tanıtım ve değerlendirme isimlendirmesinin ortak ve ayrıştıkları yönlerine dikkat çekiyorum. Temelde bu yazıları yayım öncesi ve sonrası diye iki türe ayırıyor ve buradaki kılavuzun daha çok yayım sonrası akademik amaçlı kitap değerlendirmesine yönelik olduğu ifade ediyorum. Ardından kitap tanıtımı niçin yazılır sorusuna cevap sunuyorum. Bu amaç en başta ilim insanlarının “Neyi okumalıyız, nasıl okumalıyız?” sorularına cevap arayanlara kılavuzluk yapmak; okunmaya değer eserler üretmek, bu tür eserler üreten diğer meslektaşlarının eserlerine değerlendirme yazarak onların ilim dünyasında hak ettiği yeri bulmalarına katkı sağlamak, kalitesiz eser üretenlerin eserlerini de eleştirerek bu eserlerle ilgili okuyucuyu uyarmaktır. Son olarak çalışmada kitap değerlendirmesi nasıl yazılır sorusuna cevaben bir kılavuz sunuyorum. Giriş paragrafında, ana bölümlerin tasviri ve değerlendirmesinde ve sonuç paragrafında nelere dikkat etmemiz gerektiğini örnek pasajlarla açıklıyorum. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde verilen örnek değerlendirme yazıları ile birlikte bu kılavuzun akademik yazı hayatına yeni başlayanlara faydalı olmasını temenni ediyorum.
Značaj preventivnih mera za odvraćanje od zloupotrebe dominantnog položaja
Authors:   University of Belgrade Faculty of Political Sciences, Serbia, Danković Stepanović Sanja
Published: September 2023

Subject of this paper is an analysis of the risks of a competition infringement in the case of a dominant position on the market at all development stages. The aim of the paper is to present a tripartite model of analysis, which, apart from the sanctioning of the infringement, assumes firstly synchronisation of carrying out business activities with the rules of protection of competition on the part of the market participant, as well as the possibility of a compromise on the situation when the research procedure has already been started. It is concluded that in the case of crossing the permitted dominant position at a market into prohibited abuse, having in mind a situation where there are no stable rules for assessment, ex ante approach is of great significance. The market is moving backwards, from sanctioning behaviour to preventive behaviour and a more significant position of the market participant in a role of estimation of the level of risk of the competition infringement.
Akti državnih organa kao viša sila u ugovorima o međunarodnoj prodaji nafte i gasa
Authors:   University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, Serbia, Mišković Maša
Published: September 2023

This paper examines the effect of public authorities’ acts on performance of obligations in contracts for the international sale of oil and gas. The question arises as to whether such acts represent force majeure that the contracting parties can invoke in order to exempt themselves from the performance of contractual obligations and from contractual liability. This question is analysed through arbitral awards and court decisions in disputes that have arisen on this issue since 1970s. The issue has become particularly relevant since April 2022, when the Decree on the transition to payment for natural gas in rubles had been adopted. Particular attention has been drawn to the fact that the first arbitral award has already been issued, in which abovementioned Decree, as an act of a public authority (president of the state), is qualified as force majeure. The answer to the question of whether the acts of public authorities represent force majeure in contracts for the international sale of oil and gas is not unequivocal, as it depends on the circumstances of each specific case.
Pravo člana društva na naknadu refleksne štete: Uporedno-pravna i pozitivno-pravna analiza
Authors: Veličkovic Jovana
Published: September 2023

The subject of the analysis is shareholder’s right to compensation for reflexive loss that occurs in its property due to the deterioration of the action taken against the company. While most rights adopt the so-called principle of prohibition of compensation for reflexive loss, this right is recognized in investment arbitration disputes. The paper aimed to determine the position of Serbian law concerning the observed conflict of rights. In Serbian law, the shareholders may have the right to claim compensation for reflexive loss if such a claim follows the principle of integral compensation for damages. In this respect, Serbian law is more favorable to the approach of tribunals in investment arbitrations than national laws. The approach of Serbian law should be maintained, taking into account all criticisms of the course that recognizes this right of shareholders to achieve the functions of tort and company law ultimately.
Dužnosti direktora u održivom korporativnom upravljanju
Authors:   Maks Plank Institut za međunarodno, evropsko i regulatorno procesno pravo u Luksemburgu, Luksemburg, Mitrović Milena
Published: September 2023

The author addresses the issue of directors’ duties in the context of sustainable corporate governance. The Proposal for a Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence provides for an extension of the duties of the director, which implies that the director takes into account sustainability issues, including human rights, climate change and environmental impacts. In this way, the director’s duty of care would be harmonised at EU level, which has not been the case so far due to the existence of different concepts of the director’s duty and the company’s interest in the member states. The Proposal was preceded by a Study on Directors’ Duties and Sustainable Corporate Governance. The Study was heavily criticised. The Study proposes a reform of directors’ duties which, if adopted in its current form, could have far-reaching consequences for corporate governance. The paper also looks at the possible consequences of a change in the director’s duty of care in the way provided for in the Proposal for a Corporate sustainability due diligence directive. Finally, the paper considers whether it is appropriate to harmonise directors’ duties at EU level.
Načelo nezavisnosti i prevara u poslovima dokumentarnog akreditiva i samostalne bankarske garancije
Authors: Spasić Marija
Published: September 2023

This paper analyzes the independence principle and the impact of fraud on the obligation to pay letter of credit or guarantee amount in documentary letter of credit and independent bank guarantee. The independence principle implies that participants in legal relations base their rights and obligations only on facts of the relations in which they find themselves in. The most important exception to independence principle is fraudulent claim for collection. First of all, rules of the ICC and UNCITRAL were discussed. It is necessary to start from rules of these organizations because they adopted the most important autonomous sources of law for these transactions. Then, rules of American and German law are analyzed with the aim of determining the necessary standard of fraud in these legal systems, since this issue is not regulated in detail in Serbian law. Therefore, it is necessary to consider comparative solutions. In the last part, fraud is discussed from Serbian law point of view. In Serbian law, the most important mechanism for protection against fraud are court interim measures which prohibit payment of the letter of credit, i.e. the guarantee amount.
Third-Party Patent Litigation Financing in the United States: Do You Know Who is Sitting in Your Courtroom?
Authors:   University of Illinois College of Law, USA, Dragić Nikola
Published: September 2023

The goal of this paper is to present the current landscape of third-party litigation financing in the United States—namely, patent disputes, as well as a brief insight into the litigation funding business. In the last ten years, patent litigation brought by patent trolls has increased, creating a significant problem. First, this paper explains the basic rules of federal civil procedure that relate to deciding which court will hear a patent case. Next, this paper discusses the Nimitz case before the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, which gained publicity due to the non-disclosure of certain facts by Nimitz’s counsel to the court. Finally, the author recognizes problems raised after the Nimitz case in connection to third-party litigation financing.
Kritički osvrt na tumačenje o subjektivnoj prirodi opšteg osnova ugovorne odgovornosti
Authors: Raičević Ivan
Published: September 2023

Inspired by the different theoretical positions from which he was taught by the professors in the subjects of Obligation Law and Commercial Law, as a student of the third and fourth year of studies, the author critically analyzes the argumentation according to which contractual liability is a subjective one and tries to answer the question of whether that argumentation fully supports the conclusion of debtor’s fault as a general basis of contractual liability. In this context, the author analyzes not only the Obligation Relationships Act , but also individual solutions from the Draft of the Serbian Civil Code as well as the Draft Code on Obligations and Contracts of 1969 (in Serbian: Skica za zakonik o obligacijama i ugovorima). Also, the author analyzes provisions of the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods in the context of the application of the aforementioned argumentation. After considering the positions present in the legal theory, the author concludes that the mentioned interpretation is inconsistent and based on unstable, unreliable and legally uncertain foundations.