bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preconception Care Interventions for Adolescents and Young Adults to Prevent Adverse Maternal and Child Health Outcomes: Protocol for an Evidence Gap Map (Preprint)
Authors: Padhani Zahra Ali , Tessema Gizachew A , Avery Jodie C , Rahim Komal Abdul , Boyle Jacqueline A , Meherali Salima , Salam Rehana A , Lassi Zohra S
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Preconception is the period before a young woman or woman conceives, which draws attention to understanding how her health condition and certain risk factors affect her and her baby’s health once she becomes pregnant. Adolescence and youth represent a life-course continuum between childhood and adulthood, in which the prepregnancy phase lacks sufficient research.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study is to identify, map, and describe existing empirical evidence on preconception interventions that enhance health outcomes for adolescents, young adults, and their offspring.

METHODS

We will conduct an evidence gap map (EGM) activity following the Campbell guidelines by populating searches identified from electronic databases such as MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. We will include interventional studies and reviews of interventional studies that report the impact of preconception interventions for adolescents and young adults (aged 10 to 25 years) on adverse maternal, perinatal, and child health outcomes. All studies will undergo title or abstract and full-text screening on Covidence software (Veritas Health Innovation). All included studies will be coded using the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information (EPPI) Reviewer software (EPPI Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London). Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0 and Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2) tool will be used to assess the quality of the included trials and reviews. A 2D graphical EGM will be developed using the EPPI Mapper software (version 2.2.4; EPPI Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London).

RESULTS

This EGM exercise began in July 2023. Through electronic search, 131,031 publications were identified after deduplication, and after the full-text screening, 18 studies (124 papers) were included in the review. We plan to submit the paper to a peer-reviewed journal once it is finalized, with an expected completion date in May 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will facilitate the prioritization of future research and allocation of funding while also suggesting interventions that may improve maternal, perinatal, and child health outcomes.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/56052
Accuracy of the Huawei GT2 Smartwatch for measuring Physical Activity and Sleep among Adults during Daily Life: A Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Mei Longfei , He Ziwei , Hu Liang
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Smart wearable devices are increasingly popular for physical activity and health promotion. However, ongoing validation studies on commercial smartwatches are still needed to ensure their accuracy in assessing daily activity levels, which is important for both promoting activity-related health behaviors and serving research purposes.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of popular smartwatch, Huawei Watch GT2, in measuring step counting (SC), daily activity energy expenditure (TDAEE), and total sleep time (TST) during daily activities among Chinese adults.

METHODS

A total of 102 individuals were recruited and divided into two age groups: young adults (YA) and middle-aged and elderly (MAAE). Participants' daily activity data were collected for one week by wearing the Huawei Watch GT2 on their non-dominant wrist and the Actigraph GT3X+ on their right hip as the criterion measure. The accuracy of the GT2 was examined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC), Bland-Altman, mean percentage error (MPE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE).

RESULTS

The GT2 demonstrated reasonable agreement with the Actigraph, as evidenced by an ICC consistency test of .88 (P<.001) and an MAPE of 25.77% for step measurement, an ICC of .75 (P<.001) and an MAPE of 33.79% for energy expenditure estimation, and an ICC of .25 (P<.001) and an MAPE of 23.29% for sleep time assessment. Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the GT2 overestimated SC, and underestimated TDAEE and TST. The GT2 is better at measuring SC and TDAEE among YA than among MAAE, and there was no significant difference between these two groups in measuring TST.

CONCLUSIONS

The Huawei Watch GT2 demonstrates good accuracy in step counting. However, its accuracy in assessing energy expenditure and sleep time measurement needs further examination. Therefore, the watch is suitable for daily activity monitoring, yet caution is advised for its use in research studies that require high accuracy.
Exploring Contactless Vital Signs Collection in Video Telehealth Visits Among Veterans Affairs Providers and Patients: Pilot Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Garvin Lynn , Richardson Eric , Heyworth Leonie , McInnes D Keith
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

To expand veterans’ access to health care, the Veterans Affairs (VA) Office of Connected Care explored a novel software feature called “Vitals” on its VA Video Connect telehealth platform. Vitals uses contactless, video-based, remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) through the infrared camera on veterans’ smartphones (and other devices) to automatically scan their faces to provide real-time vital statistics on screen to both the provider and patient.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess VA clinical provider and veteran patient attitudes regarding the usability of Vitals.

METHODS

We conducted a mixed methods evaluation of Vitals among VA providers and patients, collecting data in July and August 2023 at the VA Boston Healthcare System and VA San Diego Healthcare System. We conducted analyses in October 2023. In-person usability testing sessions consisted of a think-aloud procedure while using the software, a semistructured interview, and a 26-item web-based survey.

RESULTS

Usability test sessions with 20 VA providers and 13 patients demonstrated that both groups found Vitals “useful” and “easy to use,” and they rated its usability highly (86 and 82 points, respectively, on a 100-point scale). Regarding acceptability or willingness/intent to use, providers and patients generally expressed confidence and trust in Vitals readings, with high ratings of 90 and 85 points, respectively. Providers and patients rated Vitals highly for its feasibility and appropriateness for context (90 and 90 points, respectively). Finally, providers noted that Vitals’ flexibility makes it appropriate and advantageous for implementation in a wide range of clinical contexts, particularly in specialty care. Providers believed that most clinical teams would readily integrate Vitals into their routine workflow because it saves time; delivers accurate, consistently collected vitals; and may reduce reporting errors. Providers and veterans suggested training and support materials that could improve Vitals adoption and implementation.

CONCLUSIONS

While remote collection of vital readings has been described in the literature, this is one of the first accounts of testing a contactless vital signs measurement tool among providers and patients. If ongoing initiatives demonstrate accuracy in its readings, Vitals could enhance telemedicine by providing accurate and automatic reporting and recording of vitals; sending patients’ vital readings (pending provider approval) directly to their electronic medical record; saving provider and patient time; and potentially reducing necessity of some home-based biometric devices. Understanding usability issues before US Food and Drug Administration approval of Vitals and its implementation could contribute to a seamless introduction of Vitals to VA providers and patients.
The Role of Early Engagement in a Self-Directed, Digital Mental Health Intervention for Adolescent Anxiety: Moderated Regression (Preprint)
Authors: Senyard Emma-Leigh , Rowe Arlen , Krishnamoorthy Govind , Spence Susan H , Donovan Caroline , March Sonja
Published: May 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Digital mental health (dMH) interventions offer the ability to reach many more adolescents with anxiety than traditional, face-to-face therapy. While efficacious dMH interventions are available, premature dropout and low engagement is common if delivered on a self-help basis without any form of therapist guidance, and it is unclear who is most likely to complete and benefit from such interventions. This study investigated the role of demographic and early engagement factors in predicting overall program engagement and continued engagement respectively, in a self-directed, internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy program for adolescent anxiety, namely BRAVE Self-Help. It examined multiple measures of engagement, including task completion, homework completion, and depth of engagement. It also examined the moderating role of baseline anxiety severity. Data from 2850 adolescents aged between 12 and 18-years-old who participated in BRAVE Self-Help were analysed via a series of moderated regressions. Results showed that early engagement was associated with continued engagement, demonstrated by early tasks (tasks completed in the first two sessions; R2=.035, P=<.001) and early depth (characters written in the first two sessions; R2=.08, P=<.001) predicting continued program depth (character count from sessions 3 to 10). Demographic factors and anxiety severity did not directly impact adolescents’ engagement in BRAVE Self-Help. These findings highlight the need to investigate ways to 1) enhance early engagement, and 2) better understand how to fully measure and capture all aspects of program engagement.
Uncovering specific navigation patterns: user engagement of people with dementia and family caregivers with an advance care planning website (Preprint)
Authors: Dupont Charlèss , Smets Tinne , Potts Courtney , Monnet Fanny , Pivodic Lara , De Vleminck Aline , Van Audenhove Chantal , Mulvenna Maurice , Van den Block Lieve
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Web-based tools have gained popularity to inform and empower individuals in advance care planning. We have developed an interactive website tailored to the unique needs of people with dementia and their families to support advance care planning. This website aims to break away from the rigid pathways shown in other tools that support advance care planning, in which advance care planning is shown as a linear process from information to reflection, communication, and documentation.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the website's usage by people with dementia and their family caregivers, identify distinct user engagement patterns, and visualise how users navigated the website.

METHODS

We analysed the website’s log data obtained from an eight-week evaluation study of the site. Interactions with the website were collected in the log data and included visited web pages or clicking on hyperlinks. Distinct user engagement patterns were identified using K-means clustering. Process mining was applied to visualise user pathways through the website.

RESULTS

52 participants, 21 people with dementia and their family caregivers as dyads and 10 family caregivers were included in the study. Throughout the eight-week study, users spent an average of 35.3 (SD = 82.9) minutes over 5.5 (SD = 3.4) unique days on the website. Family caregivers mostly used the website (alone or with a person with dementia) throughout the eight-week study. Only three people with dementia used it on their own. Three distinct engagement patterns emerged: low, moderate, and high. Low-engagement participants spent less time on the website during the eight weeks, following a linear path from information to communication to documentation. Moderate and high-engagement users showed more dynamic patterns, frequently navigating between information pages and communication tools to facilitate exploration of aspects related to advance care planning.

CONCLUSIONS

The diverse engagement patterns underscore the need for personalised support in advance care planning and challenge the conventional linear advance care planning representations found in other web-based tools.

CLINICALTRIAL
Internet-Based Interventions for Preventing Premature Birth in Preconceptional Women of Childbearing Age: A Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Sun-Hee , Jung Sun-Young , Park Jin-Hwa , De Gagne Jennie C.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Preconception health is essential for preventing premature birth, yet engagement in preconception care remains low. Despite the development of several internet-based interventions post-COVID-19, a thorough evaluation of their effectiveness in enhancing preconception care and preventing premature births is necessary.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aims to assess the study designs and evaluate the effectiveness of internet-based interventions in preventing premature birth among preconceptional women of childbearing age.

METHODS

We conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomized trials and quasi-experimental studies on internet-based interventions for preventing premature birth. The search was global and included studies published up to December 2023, without language or geographic restrictions. Two authors independently assessed the risk of bias using the revised Cochrane RoB tool (RoB 2), adhering to PRISMA guidelines. A meta-analysis was not conducted due to heterogeneity in populations, measurements, and interventions.

RESULTS

Eleven articles were included, with varying study approaches. The overall risk of bias was high in most studies. Interventions improved knowledge of reproductive health but had no significant effect on self-efficacy related to preconception health promotion. While some behavioral changes to reduce preconception care risks were effectively promoted, impacts on folic acid use, contraception initiation, and dual method use were inconsistent. Furthermore, there were no significant reductions in sexually transmitted infections or unplanned pregnancies.

CONCLUSIONS

Internet-based interventions showed mixed effectiveness across different reproductive health outcomes, with general ineffectiveness in improving reproductive health status. The results, derived from a limited number of studies with a high risk of bias, suggest a need for caution in their application. Future research, including robust clinical trials, is vital to develop, evaluate, and disseminate effective and safe internet-based interventions for preconception care.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42021277024; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021277024
Performance of Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models to Recommend Head and Neck Cancer Clinical Trials (Preprint)
Authors: Hung Tony K W , Kuperman Gilad J , Sherman Eric J , Ho Alan L , Weng Chunhua , Pfister David G , Mao Jun J
Published: May 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

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A Pilot Randomized Wait-list Controlled Trial of an Online Family Literacy and Wellness Program for Latino Dual Language Learners (Preprint)
Authors: Guerrero Kevin D , Lakata Lucia , Lima Daniel , Mendoza Caroline , Uthirasamy Nila , Morrow Lesley M , Perez-Cortes Silvia , Pellerano Maria , Bator Alicja , Ohman Strickland Pamela , Crabtree Benjamin F , Crabtree Benjamin F , Jimenez Manuel E
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Early childhood interventions can simultaneously promote positive health and early language experiences, but often implementation and equity receive insufficient attention in the development process.

OBJECTIVE

We applied a health equity lens to refine and pilot test a family literacy and wellness program designed for Latino dual language learners (DLL) entering Kindergarten and their caregivers.

METHODS

In collaboration with a parent and community advisory board, we refined an 8-week family literacy and wellness program and conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial with wait list control. The program was specifically designed by our interprofessional team for Latino DLLs and uses health topics (i.e., nutrition, physical activity, sleep, and social-emotional development) to (1) introduce foundational language and literacy skills to children, (2) empower families to engage in health and home literacy activities using a strengths-based approach, and (3) encourage maintenance of families’ home language. We assessed reach collecting socio-demographic information, feasibility by measuring attendance, acceptability using a parent survey, and preliminary effects on home literacy activities assessed with a validated parent-report instrument (StimQ2 quantity, quality, content, and concepts subdomains) and child literacy skills using investigator-developed assessments. We analyzed quantitative data using descriptive statistics and regression analyses.

RESULTS

Parents and community advisors informed program content. Thirty-two parent-child dyads enrolled in the pilot RCT. All parents identified as Latino; 91% reported limited English proficiency; one-fifth had less than 8th grade education, indicating that we reached the intended audience. Parents rated the program as highly acceptable, and 72% of participants attended ≥ half of the sessions. After participation, group 1 had higher scores on StimQ2 quality scores (Effect size (ES) 0.99; p=0.02) and higher quantity scores (ES=1.01; p=0.04) compared to group 2.

CONCLUSIONS

Similar interprofessional collaborations could be a promising strategy to promote equity in early language experiences for Latino dual language learners and their families.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05339464
The Contrastive Study on Discursive Construction of Identities and the Adaptation in Cosmetic Advertising
Authors: Ye Anqi , Li Qian , Feng Mengchi
Published: May 2024

Discursive strategies are often used in cosmetic advertisements to construct different discursive identities in order to enter larger markets. Based on the graphic advertisements, the article reveals the dynamic selection and construction of discursive identities and their dynamic adaptation in the foundation advertisements of international brands and national brands. It is found that the cosmetic advertisements employ textual features to construct three discursive identities: one explicit identity for marketing purposes and two implicit identities: friend identity and expert identity. Based on the theories of discursive identity and linguistic adaptation, the article explores the dynamic discursive identities in this kind of advertisement discourse and analyzes the ways to dynamically adapt to the psychological, social and physical worlds of the discourse receivers.
Designer's log in planning the development of comics with socioscientific issues content: Case studies
Authors: Abrori Fadhlan Muchlas , Cahyono Adi Nur , Lavicza Zsolt
Published: May 2024

The development of learning media research evolves rapidly in design-based research (DBR). However, most of the research in this area concentrated on media implementation and media format. In this paper, we explain one side rarely discussed: the process of designing media pre-implementation. This research uses the designer’s log as core data that notes the essential things during the discussion between media designers and practitioners. This study depicts two case studies when researchers (as media designers) and teachers (as practitiones) were developing comics with socioscientific issues (SSI) content. This research employed a case studies approach, using the designer’s log in three meetings with teachers. The data analysis of the designer’s log focused on three criteria: analysis, comics-building, and teaching activities development. The main themes identified as results in this study were the student experience in comics, previous content related to SSI, comics form, SSI content in comics, and classroom activities. This study also presented designer log examples highlighting our discussion with teachers to explain teachers’ consideration in designing comics with SSI content. From this study, we offer recommendations, especially regarding DBR. Firstly, future researchers need to be aware not only of the final DBR product but also of the product design process; secondly, in preparing media (in this paper, comics), determining content needs to be considered together between designers and teachers from student conditions, culture, and school background.
Development of character assessment instrument on English learning for middle school students
Authors: Manggaberani Andi Abdurrahman , Putro Nur Hidayanto Pancoro Setyo
Published: May 2024

There is a present-day necessity to construct character education assessment instruments in English courses. Employing the ADDIE development model, this research undergoes stages encompassing analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation to craft a meticulously designed assessment instrument. The resulting instrument is a self-assessment for English subjects, subjected to scrutiny through both Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The instrument attests to content validity, indicated by an Aiken index of 0.955, and construct validity using EFA & CFA. Outcomes showcasing loading factor values exceeding 0.4 for each item and the model for measuring student character aligns seamlessly with the hypothesized model, substantiated by statistical results of p-values = 0.056; CFI = 0.979; TLI = 0.972; RMSEA = 0.031; SRMR = 0.055. Furthermore, the item reliability in each dimension/factor surpasses 0.7. The study's revelations uncover that 46% of students predominantly concentrate on character development, while 35% prioritize character emphasis. Cultivated character for 14%, whereas a mere 5% of students necessitate guidance. This instrument not only guides educators and researchers in developing character assessment tools but also meets valid and reliable criteria, ensuring credibility and usability across various education levels.
Developing textbook of basic science concepts based on ethnoscience Dalihan Natolu
Authors: Sijabat Apriani , Festiyed F. , Asrizal A. , Razak Abdul , Juanta Palma
Published: May 2024

This research aimed to develop a textbook on basic science concepts based on ethnoscience that is valid, practical, and effective. The research method was R&D and implemented five stages of the ADDIE model. The instrument used in this research is a local wisdom-based textbook validation sheet consisting of a material media, and language validation sheet. There are three experts as a validators according to their field of science, an ethnoscience-based textbook practicality sheet. This sheet serves to determine the practicality of valid textbook design and the effectiveness sheet for ethnoscience-based textbooks based on Natolu ethnoscience. The research results show that the average value of the validity test results for textbooks on basic science concept based on ethnoscience is 81.26% (valid). The effectiveness results show a score of 3.5, which means the textbook developed is included are effective. Based on those results, it can be conclude that the ethnoscience-based basic concept of science textbook is valid, effective, and practical so it is suitable for use in the learning process in the Basic Science course.
Students’ goal orientation and gamification in learning for academic performance: A systematic literature review
Authors: Setyoadi Eddy Triswanto , Patmanthara Syaad
Published: May 2024

This systematic literature review investigates the interplay between students' goal orientation, the incorporation of gamification in learning, and their academic performance. Utilizing the Kitchenham SLR methodology, the review encompasses 50 articles from diverse research domains and methodologies. The primary objective is to explore how students' goal orientations are affected by gamification and how these strategies influence their academic outcomes. The selected articles span topics such as achievement goal orientation, student engagement, and the psychological aspects of virtual gamification within educational psychology. The review underscores the potential of gamification to enhance student engagement and motivation, provided that the gamification strategies are carefully crafted to align with students' intrinsic motivations and learning objectives. However, it also cautions against possible adverse effects like increased anxiety or distraction. The paper calls for more research into tailored gamification approaches and their sustained impact on student engagement and performance, offering a compilation of references for further investigation into these themes.
Study on the development and implementation of an interdisciplinary solar panel project to enhance students' interest in STEM
Authors: Suryadi Ahmad , Lidya Nala , Habibah Hulwah , Suwarna Iwan Permana
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to develop and implement a STEM education program on solar energy. This study follow Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate (ADDIE) model. The study was conducted by analysing, designing, and developing a STEM education program consisting of a program guide and a solar panel STEM KIT. The program was implemented in schools involving 83 high school students. The program was implemented in two formats, namely STEM after school and regular learning. Students completed the STEM interest instrument after participating in the STEM education program. The results showed that the program was declared valid for use. In addition, the program implementation results showed no significant difference between students' technology, engineering, mathematics, and STEM career interests in STEM after school and regular STEM classes.  This may be due to several things such as similar content and activities, similar engagement, and similar mentorship. This study implies that the STEM education program can increase students' interest in STEM after-school and regular learning activities.
The development of PACCE learning model based on the Bugis local wisdom to promote student social awareness
Authors: Bakar Arman Abu , Mahanal Susriyati , Gofur Abdul , Ibrohim I.
Published: May 2024

The Makassar Bugis local wisdom, Pacce, contains values that are useful to instil self-confidence, a strong work ethic, and social awareness in individuals. The integration of these values into the learning process may assist in shaping student character. Unfortunately, research into learning models based on the Makassar Bugis local wisdom remains limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to generate a learning model based on the Bugis local wisdom, Pacce. In this study, we also ensured the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the learning model in promoting student character. The current study employed the Plomp & Nieveen research and development (R&D) model. The model was tried out to 32 tenth-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Pangkajene, Pangkep Regency. The research instruments comprised validation sheets, questionnaires, achievement tests, and character observation sheets. The results showed that the learning model and student worksheets developed in this study were valid in terms of cultural appropriation. The learning model was also practical and effective in improving student cultural awareness. It can be inferred that the learning model developed from the Bugis local wisdom may be used to develop student social awareness.
A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL TERENGGANU ARCHITECTURE AS A TOURIST ATTRACTION ON THE EAST COAST OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA: A CASE STUDY OF TERRAPURI HERITAGE VILLAGE IN TERENGGANU CIRI FIZIKAL SENI BINA TRADISIONAL TERENGGANU SEBAGAI TARIKAN PELANCONG DI PANTAI TIMUR SEMENANJUNG MALAYSIA: KAJIAN KES TERRAPURI HERITAGE VILLAGE DI TERENGGANU
Authors: Zainal Abidin Izzati , Ismail Sumarni , May Ling Siow , Mohd Hamdan Nur Aina Abidah , Hamdan Mohd
Published: May 2024

Traditional Terengganu architecture, including the Rumah Bujang Berselasar (bachelor house with an unroofed platform) and Rumah Tiang Dua Belas (twelve-pillared house), is the earliest and most prevalent type of housing in the northeastern region of Peninsular Malaysia, specifically in Terengganu. Site observation was conducted in Terrapuri Heritage Village in Setiu, Terengganu. These Malay houses are considered a crucial part of the region’s architectural history, reflecting numerous changes in their architectural elements and their continuity with the past and present built environment. Beyond being mere structures for shelter, the physical characteristics of these houses embody traditional values, beliefs, and ways of life. Rooted in the rich cultural heritage of the Malay community, they have been shaped over centuries by history, geography, and social interactions. Hence, studying the physical features of traditional Terengganu architecture requires an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses not only technical and functional aspects but also cultural and symbolic significance. This necessitates integrating architectural and construction principles with social, cultural, and historical perspectives. The objective of this study is to identify the structural and non-structural elements of traditional Terengganu houses, specifically Rumah Bujang Berselasar and Rumah Tiang Dua Belas. These distinctive features reflect the local context and cultural influences, contributing to the creation of a coastal resort identity. Thus, it is imperative to continue efforts to preserve and promote traditional Malay architecture, including Rumah Bujang Berselasar (bachelor house with unroofed platform) and Rumah Tiang Dua Belas (twelve-pillared house), to ensure the sustainability and preservation of cultural heritage for future generations to come. Keywords: physical characteristics; traditional Terengganu architecture; Terengganu identity; tourist attraction; coastal resort design
Intellectual property rights and fair vaccine distribution: A new perspective on the TRIPS Agreement
Authors: Alnusair Fayez , Massadeh Firas , Massadeh Ali Abdel Mahdi , Haswa Maher Hussain , Ismail Mahmoud
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted inequities concerning global vaccine distribution, as well as issues surrounding patents and intellectual property rights for these vaccines. This paper addresses the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) regarding vaccines. Adhered to by all state members of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the agreement sets minimum regulatory standards for governments on intellectual property, including vaccines. Our contribution is a new analysis of TRIPS Art. 31 Bis concerning flexibilities in its terms of use on global vaccine distribution. We consider existing solutions for fairer vaccine distribution, such as governments enforcing a compulsory vaccine licence, and governmental/individual charitable efforts. We then focus on issues with know-how distribution and access to knowledge in the TRIPS context. We conclude that the enhanced provisions of TRIPS are ill-suited to global pandemics. To ensure fairer global vaccine distribution, we argue that patent pools and further TRIPS amendments are needed to endow less and least-developed countries with the ability to implement government-use compulsory licenses and to negotiate compensation terms later under judicial review. Further, to enable countries lacking the technical manufacturing capabilities to produce vaccines under license, TRIPS needs to be amended to permit technology and know-how transfer (Holder, 2023).
Examining Identity Disturbance as a Mechanism Underlying Affectivity: An Experimental Study Using the Identity Self-Focus Task
Authors: Ramadurai R. , Herr Nathaniel
Published: May 2024

Identity disturbance (ID) has been identified as a transdiagnostic
contributor to psychiatric symptoms and seems to be comprised of both
interpersonal and self-oriented mechanisms. This study developed the
identity self-focus experimental task, incorporating personalized
adjectives, reflection, and varying conditions by source (Self or Other)
of identity adjectives, to better understand the relation between ID and
affectivity. University students ( N=97) completed a positive
mood induction followed by the experimental manipulation— during which
they continuously rated their positive affect. Results implicated
specific facets of ID in higher negative and lower positive affect, and
ID predicted difficulty regulating positive emotions. Higher ID was also
associated with difficulty maintaining consistent positive affect for
those in the Self condition and was associated with poorer emotion
regulation for those in the Other condition. Findings suggests that ID
is implicated in an unhelpful cognitive and affective style, especially
for those with high levels of ID. While evidence-based treatments either
do not or only indirectly address identity functioning issues, results
suggest that measurement of ID and targeted intervention to strengthen
identity may support emotional health outcomes of therapeutic
treatments.
A comprehensive review of the effects of tacrolimus (FK-506) on dry eye disease (DED): Focus on inflammation and biochemical processes
Authors: Golmohammadi Maryam , Ivraghi Mehraveh Sadeghi , Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Hassan Zahraa F. , Abosaooda Munther , Seif Hamidreza , Salman Ahmed Hamed , Ghildiyal Pallavi , Zamanian Mohammad Yasin
Published: May 2024

Dry eye disease (DED) represents a prevalent visual ailment, defined by
insufficient wetting and lubrication of the ocular surface. The
principal management strategy for dry eye involves the application of
artificial tear solutions to mitigate eye discomfort. Moreover,
immune-modulating agents such as cyclosporine A and tacrolimus (FK506)
are employed in the therapeutic regimen for this condition. These drugs
regulate the immune response and reduce ocular inflammation. Tacrolimus
(TAC) is 10-100 times more effective than cyclosporine and has a better
safety profile. Nevertheless, the modest aqueous solubility and
substantial molecular size of TAC present obstacles to its efficient
administration to the eye. Consequently, a range of TAC formulations
including ointments, micelles, liposomes, and nanocarriers are under
exploration to enhance ocular delivery. Findings from this investigation
indicated that TAC impedes the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines
and dampens immune activity by restraining the activation of T and B
lymphocytes. Furthermore, TAC elevates goblet cell populations in the
conjunctiva, pivotal for mucin production and the preservation of ocular
surface integrity. Additionally, using TAC-loaded liposomes can further
enhance its therapeutic efficacy by improving ocular bioavailability.
Furthermore, 0.03% TAC eye drops applied directly to the eye
successfully improve tear film stability and the health of the eye’s
surface in patients with DED. Overall, TAC has shown promising effects
in treating DED by reducing inflammation and improving tear secretion in
experimental and clinical studies. However, more studies are needed to
fully understand the mechanism of action and long-term effects of TAC on
DED.
Accessing Horizon Picking Uncertainty using Complex Seismic Trace Attributes
Authors: Jardim Fernando , Maul Alexandre Rodrigo , Lupinacci Wagner Moreira
Published: May 2024

Many uncertainty sources are linked to the reservoir modeling processes, significantly affecting all phases of the exploration, development, and production phases of an oil & gas field. Structural uncertainty due to velocity models are commonly considered by taking a range of equiprobable domain conversion velocity models and evaluating the related impact on GRV distributions. In contrast, the seismic interpretation inaccuracy is commonly neglected because of the difficulty in quantifying it. This means that seismic mapping is frequently treated as having no variation or having the intrinsic imprecisions arbitrarily assigned. In this work, we propose an objective approach to evaluate the horizon picking uncertainties, which was based on the extraction of complex seismic trace attributes considering a previously mapped reference reflector. In real seismic data, phase distortions may arise from a vast bunch of reasons, such as dispersion, attenuation, bandwidth limitations. Thus, the instantaneous phase attribute can be an indicator of uncertainties associated with seismic reflector interpretation.
A High-Resolution subtle fault mapping in Marlin oilfield, Brazil
Authors: João Leonardo Campos , Menezes Paulo de Tarso L. , Bergamaschi Sergio
Published: May 2024

Discriminating geological discontinuities is important for reservoir management because they influence storage capacity and fluid flow. Structural heterogeneities, such as faults and fractures, significantly impact the compartmentalization of the reservoir’s facies and affect the flow of hydrocarbons. These structures can act as the pore space for fluid storage, flow-control conduits, or barriers that allow the accumulation of exploitable volumes of oil and gas. Understanding these structures’ spatial and temporal development can significantly impact hydrocarbon exploration. Reservoir characterization is a critical process in the oil and gas industry that aims to comprehensively understand reservoir rocks and their fluid content and distribution. It is a multidisciplinary approach that combines geological, geophysical, and engineering datasets through statistical and deterministic mathematical models. Seismic datasets play a crucial role in reservoir characterization. Interpreters can use seismic data processing and imaging to interpret geological horizons and map faults, building complex geological models. Seismic inversion is also employed to estimate acoustic impedance and other petrophysical properties. Faults and fractures mapping are highly relevant themes in reservoir characterization. Identifying subtle faults and fractures is essential in specifying hydrocarbon migration paths and identifying bypassed oil accumulations. However, traditional seismic amplitude data interpretation should consider these structures more. In this study, we apply a high-resolution fault mapping workflow to map the subtle faults system at the Marlim field in the offshore portion of the Campos Basin. As an outcome, we imaged two separate fault trends inside and outside the Marlim reservoir.
Harmonic trigonometrically convexity
Authors: Kadakal Huriye
Published: May 2024

In this study, weintroduce and study the concept of harmonic
trigonometrically convex functions and their some algebric properties. We
prove two Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for the newly introduced class
of functions. We also obtain some refinements of the Hermite-Hadamard
inequality for functions whose first derivative in absolute value, raised to
a certain power which is greater than one, respectively at least one, is
harmonic trigonometrically convex.
The weak group-star matrix
Authors: Yao Jiaxuan , Jin Hongwei , Liu Xiaoji
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we introduce one type of matrix, called the weak group-star
matrix. We investigate the characterizations, representations, and
properties of the matrix. A variant of the successive matrix squaring
computational iterative scheme is given for calculating the weak group-star
matrix. Moreover, the Cramer?s rule for the solution of a singular equation
(A?)*x = b is presented. Then, the perturbation is also given for the weak
group-star matrix. In the final, the weak group-star matrix being used in
solving appropriate systems of linear equations is established.
On the distribution of eigenvalues of the reciprocal distance Laplacian matrix of graphs
Authors: Pirzada S. , Khan Saleem
Published: May 2024

The reciprocal distance Laplacian matrix of a connected graph G is defined as
RDL(G) = RT(G) ? RD(G), where RT(G) is the diagonal matrix of reciprocal
distance degrees and RD(G) is the Harary matrix. Since RDL(G) is a real
symmetric matrix, we denote its eigenvalues as ?1(RDL(G)) ? ?2(RDL(G)) ?...? ?n(RDL(G)). The largest eigenvalue ?1(RDL(G)) of RDL(G) is called the
reciprocal distance Laplacian spectral radius. In this article, we prove
that the multiplicity of n as a reciprocal distance Laplacian eigenvalue of
RDL(G) is exactly one less than the number of components in the complement
graph G of G. We show that the class of the complete bipartite graphs
maximize the reciprocal distance Laplacian spectral radius among all the
bipartite graphs with n vertices. Also, we show that the star graph Sn is
the unique graph having the maximum reciprocal distance Laplacian spectral
radius in the class of trees with n vertices. We determine the reciprocal
distance Laplacian spectrum of several well known graphs. We prove that the
complete graph Kn, Kn ? e, the star Sn, the complete balanced bipartite
graph Kn/2 ,n/2 and the complete split graph CS(n, ?) are all determined from
the RDL-spectrum.
Some comments on τ-distance and existence theorems in complete metric spaces
Authors: Suzuki Tomonari
Published: May 2024

Very recently, we have introduced the concept of ??-distance, which is
slightly weaker than that of ?-distance. We discuss the difference between
both concepts, proving some existence theorems in complete metric spaces and
giving an example of a ??-distance which is not a ?-distance.
Sep elements and solutions of related equations in a ring with involution
Authors: Li Anqi , Guan Mengge , Wei Junchao
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we study many new characterizations of SEP elements in a rings
with involution, mainly, we first discuss some properties of SEP elements by
means of regular elements, {1,3}-inverses and the equality of certain set.
Next, we give some necessity and sufficiency conditions of SEP elements by
discussing the solutions of related equations. Finally, we characterize SEP
elements by constructing the group inverses and MP inverses.
Existence and well-posed results for nonclassical diffusion systems with nonlocal diffusion
Authors: Tuan Nguyen , O’Regan Donal , Can Nguyen , Vinh Mai
Published: May 2024

Our goal in this paper is to present well-posed results for nonclassical
diffusion systems which have applications in population dynamics. First, we
establish the existence and uniqueness of a mild solution to the initial
value problem. The asymptotic behavior of the mild solution is also
considered when the parameter tends to zero. Second, we obtain a local
well-posedness result for nonclassical diffusion systems with a nonlocal
time condition. The main idea to obtain the above theoretical results is to
use Banach?s theorem and some techniques in Fourier series analysis. Some
numerical tests are also presented to illustrate the theory.
An extension of the Euclidean Berezin number
Authors: Eslami Mahdiabadi Nooshin , Bakherad Mojtaba
Published: May 2024

The Berezin transform ? of an operator A, acting on the reproducing kernel
Hilbert space H = H(?) over some (non-empty) set ?, is defined by ?(?) =
?A?k?,?k?? (? ? ?), where ?k? = k?/?k?? is the normalized reproducing kernel
of H. The Berezin number of an operator A is defined by ber(A) = sup ??? ??(?)? = sup ??? ??A?k?,?k???. In this paper, by using the definition of
1-generalized Euclidean Berezin number, we obtain some possible relations
and inequalities. It is shown, among other inequalities, that if Ai ?
L(H(?)) (i = 1,..., n), then berg(A1,...,An) ? g?1 (n?i=1 g(ber(Ai))) ? n?i=1 ber(Ai), in which g?[0,?) ? [0,?) is a continuous
increasing convex function such that g(0) = 0.
Approximation results for beta Jakimovski-Leviatan type operators via q-analogue
Authors: Nasiruzzaman Md. , Tom Mohammed , Serra-Capizzano Stefano , Rao Nadeem , Ayman-Mursaleen Mohammad
Published: May 2024

We construct a new version of q-Jakimovski-Leviatan type integral operators
and show that set of all continuous functions f defined on [0,?) are
uniformly approximated by our new operators. Finally we construct the Stancu
type operators and obtain approximation properties in weighted spaces.
Moreover, with the aid of modulus of continuity we discuss the rate of
convergence, Lipschitz type maximal approximation and some direct theorems.
Misleading the Auditor with Fractional Truths
Authors: Durkin Mary P. , Jollineau S. Jane , Lyon Sarah C.
Published: May 2024

This descriptive study examines the nature and rationalization of deception by client management when communicating with the external auditor. We placed experienced financial reporting professionals in the role of a CFO responding to an auditor inquiry. Participants chose one of four responses: the complete truth, clear mistruth, or one of two “fractional truths” (i.e., a response that is technically true but omits or is vague about relevant information). More than half of the participants chose a deceptive response, with the most common type of deceptive response chosen being a fractional truth. Many participants rationalized their deceptive responses as strictly responding to the question asked and not speculating about the unknown. Most participants who responded deceptively preferred email for communication, whereas those who responded truthfully preferred in-person communication. We discuss the implications of client deception for audit firms and offer suggestions for future research.

Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.

JEL Classifications: M4.
Risk of neonatal hypoglycemia in infants of mothers with gestational glucose intolerance
Authors: Andrews Chloe , Maya Jacqueline , C.M. Schulte Carolin , Hsu Sarah , Thaweethai Tanayott , E. James Kaitlyn , Halperin Jose , E. Powe Camille , Sen Sarbattama
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between gestational glucose intolerance (GGI) and neonatal hypoglycemia (NH).

RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of 8262 mother-infant dyads who delivered at two hospitals between 2014-2023. We categorized maternal glycemic status as normal glucose tolerance (NGT), GGI, and gestational diabetes (GDM). We defined NGT as a normal glucose load test (GLT), GGI as an abnormal GLT with 0 (GGI-0) or 1 (GGI-1) abnormal values on the 100-gram oral glucose tolerance test, and GDM as an abnormal GLT with ≥2 abnormal values on the glucose tolerance test. NH was defined as blood glucose <45 mg/dL or an International Classification of Disease (ICD) diagnosis of NH. We used logistic regression analysis to determine associations between maternal glucose tolerance category and NH and conducted a sensitivity analysis using delta-adjusted multiple imputation, assuming that unscreened infants had a rate of NH as high as 33%.

RESULTS: Twelve percent of infants had NH. In adjusted models, infants born to mothers with GGI-0 had 1.28 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12, 1.65), GGI-1 had 1.58 (95% CI 1.11, 2.25), and GDM had 4.90 times (95% CI 3.81, 6.29) higher odds of NH compared to infants born to mothers with NGT. Associations in sensitivity analyses were consistent with the primary analysis.

CONCLUSIONS: GGI is associated with increased risk of NH. Future research should examine these associations in a cohort with more complete neonatal blood glucose ascertainment and determine the clinical significance of these findings on long-term child health.
Qualità di conserve di lamponi ottenute da diverse varietàe varietà
Authors: Bianchi Flavia , Martini Lösch Demian , Marchetti Giulia Maria , Zoli Federica , Arbore Annagrazia , Soppelsa Sebastian , Gasser Michael , Zago Massimo , Vanzo Elisa Maria , Venir Elena
Published: May 2024

Lo scopo del presente lavoro è stato quello di valutare qualitativamente quattro diverse varietà di lampone al fine di individuare le più idonee alla lavorazione in composte. Lo studio, consistito in due anni di sperimentazione, ha previsto valutazioni di carattere agronomico (scelta delle varietà, coltivazione in condizioni uniformi, raccolta e analisi di parametri qualitativi dei frutti), di carattere tecnologico (standardizzazione della procedura di preparazione delle composte, valutazione del prodotto finito a livello chimico-fisico e dell’evoluzione del colore delle composte nel tempo) e di carattere sensoriale (consumer test mirato a individuare le preferenze tra composte). I risultati ottenuti possono essere di supporto ai produttori locali, fornendo informazioni in merito alle caratteristiche delle varietà in esame e dei prodotti trasformati da esse ottenuti.