bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tacitus’un Eserlerinde Savaş Anlatıları ve Bu Anlatılara Göre Roma Ordusu
Authors: KOVAN Bağış Alper
Published: September 2023

Theodor Mommsen, “Tacitus militarist bir çağda tarihçilerin en askeri deneyimi olmayanıdır.” demiştir. Mommsen’in bu cümlesinde, Iulius Caesar gibi, Polybios gibi, Ammianus Marcellinus gibi kendi askeri deneyimlerini yazan diğer tarih yazarlarıyla karşılaştırıldığında elbette haklılık payı vardır. Ancak Tacitus’un, Romalıların Germania ve Britannia topraklarında verdikleri mücadeleler ve savaşlar hakkında oldukça faydalı bilgiler aktardığını görürüz. Biz bu çalışmamızda Tacitus’un askeri meseleleri nasıl ele aldığını, Romalıların ve Romalıların “barbar” olarak niteledikleri kavimlerin nasıl savaştığını, nasıl silahlar kullandıklarını ve coğrafi koşulların bu savaşlara ne denli etki ettiğini, Tacitus’un bize aktardıklarının ışığında değerlendirmeye çalışacağız.
Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi’nde Korunan Bir Grup Kalıp Yapımı Kase
Authors: ÇORBACI Hatice
Published: September 2023

Bu çalışmada Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi’nde korunan kalıp yapımı dört kase incelenmiştir. Megara Kaseleri olarak da adlandırılan yarı küresel formda ve dış yüzeyi kabartmalı olan bu kaseler, Hellenistik Dönem’in ana seramik gruplarından biridir. Müzelerde korunan maddi buluntuların tanıtılması amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada müzedeki kaseler benzer örneklerle kıyaslanıp değerlendirilecektir. Müzeye satın alma yoluyla gelen kaselerin üretim yerleri bilinmemektedir. Kaselerin ağız çapları 12.6 - 11.2 cm. yükseklikleri 7.2-6.1 cm arasındadır. Düz dik kenarlı bindirme yapraklı bezemeye sahip 1 No’lu kasenin tondosunda atölye imzası vardır. Diger kaseler dışa dönük kenarlı, dışa eğimli cidarlı formda ve yüzeysel bitkisel bezemelidir. Hamur renkleri açık kırmızı- kırmızı ve devetüyü tonlarındadır. Astar koyu kırmızı, iç ve dışta yer yer koyu kahverengi renk dalgalanmaları vardır. Katalogdaki 1 No’lu kase dışındaki üç kase Doğu Sigillataları A grubuna aittir. Bu kaseler İÖ 2. yüzyılın ortalarında üretilmeye başlanmış ince, kırmızı astarlı masa üstü kaplarıdır. Benzerleriyle kıyasladığımız kâseler İÖ 2. yüzyılın ortalarından İÖ 1. yüzyıl sonuna kadar tarihlenir.
Prymnessos’tan Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Nike Heykeli
Authors: SÖNMEZ Barış Emre
Published: September 2023

Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’ne ait olan Nike heykeli Prymnessos (Sülün) antik yerleşim alanında bulunmuş olup şuan Afyonkarahisar Müzesi’nde yer almaktadır. Prymnessos antik yerleşim alanı Afyonkarahisar Merkez ilçe Sülün köyünde Phrygler tarafından kurulmuş büyük kentlerdendir. Yunan Dönemi’nde özerk, Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde yarı özerk konumuyla, imparator adına bronz kent sikkeleri bastırmıştır. Eser üzerinde herhangi bir kapsamlı çalışmanın yapılmamış olması bölgedeki inanç, kült ve adak yapısının anlaşılması ve doğru anlamda çözülmesi açısından eksiklik oluşturmaktadır. Heykel Prymnessos (Sülün) antik yerleşim yerinde yerel kutsal alanların varlığını göstermektedir. Bu doğrultuda müzede bulunmakta olan heykel ele alınmış ve tanıtılmaya çalışılmıştır. Nike heykelinin sadece gövde kısmı korunmuştur. Eserin karşılaştırma örneklerinin stilistik, tipolojik ve ikonografik bir değerlendirilmesi yapılmış olup, Geç Antoninler-Erken Severuslar Dönemi’ne tarihlendirilmesi uygun görülmektedir. Bu heykel nitelik açısından değerlendirildiğinde Dokimeon atölyesine ait olduğu görülmektedir. Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde özellikle askeri gücün ve başarının büyük önemi nedeniyle, Nike imgeleri sıklıkla kullanılmıştır. Tanrıça’nın sahip olduğu bu imge görsel olarak da ön plana çıkmıştır. Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde sıklıkla tanrıça bir kalkan üzerine başarılı askeri kampanyalar da gösterilmiştir. Nike heykelinin özellikle Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’ndeki önemi üzerinden değerlendirildiğinde Prymnessos antik yerleşim alanında askeri bir başarı ya da zafer üzerine tanrıçanın böyle bir heykelinin yapıldığı ve bir alana yerleştirildiğini düşünmemiz gerekmektedir.
Sir William Hamilton and the Revitalisation of Scottish Philosophy
Authors: Graham Gordon
Published: September 2023

This chapter seeks to explain the dramatic contrast between Sir William Hamilton’s intellectual stature during his life-time, and his near disappearance from the history of philosophy. It aims to show that Hamilton did indeed revitalize Scottish philosophy after Reid, thanks in part to his early familiarity with Kant, but did not succeed in articulating a coherent integration of Kant and Reid. The chapter focusses mainly on the essays Hamilton published in the Edinburgh Review.
James Frederick Ferrier and the Course of Scottish Philosophy
Authors: Graham Gordon
Published: September 2023

Widely regarded as one of Scotland’s most gifted philosophers in the 19th century, James Frederick Ferrier stands in a distinctive relation to the Scottish philosophical tradition. While dismissively rejecting Thomas Reid, he was emphatic that his philosophy was ‘Scottish to the core’ and rejected suggestions that he had adopted Hegelianism. In the course of exploring Ferrier’s significance for philosophy in his own time, this chapter engages with recent discussions of his work by Douglas McDermid and W J Mander.
Psychology and Moral Philosophy: Alexander Bain
Authors: Graham Gordon
Published: September 2023

Alexander Bain was a major figure in the development of empirical psychology, an associate of John Stuart Mill, founder of the journal Mind, and a prolific author. He was appointed first Professor of Logic at the newly created University of Aberdeen in 1860. This chapter investigates the idea that Bain perpetuated a different current of thought in the Scottish philosophical tradition, one that owed more to Hume’s associationist psychology than to Reid’s Common Sense. The chapter examines the importance of this difference for the study and teaching of moral philosophy in the light of Bain’s thoughts on education.
Thomas Carlyle and the Philosophy of Rhetoric
Authors: Graham Gordon
Published: September 2023

Thomas Carlyle was educated in Scotland and subsequently became one of the intellectual and cultural giants of 19th century Britain. His influence straddled philosophy, history and literature. This chapter addresses the question of how his work is best categorized. It argues that interesting light can be thrown on this issue by placing Carlyle within an intellectual trajectory that increasing differentiated between philosophical rhetoric and the study of English literature. The chapter concludes with an assessment of Carlyle by Edward Caird, and a comparison with Thomas Chalmers
The Cinema as a Place to Be
Authors: Coates Jennifer
Published: September 2023

This chapter considers the importance of the cinema as a place to be for the postwar viewer, understanding place as geographical, historical, and temporal. Engagement with the cinema as a geographical place includes treating the space as a convenient place to rest, as well as a space of entertainment. The geographical locations of the cinema theatre itself had significance for participants in the study, particularly in the divisions between countryside, suburb, and town, and between high class and lower class cinemas and areas. The location of this study in the Kansai region allows for an ethnography of life in a cinema-producing area, as the region hosted a number of film studios and location shooting in the period under study. Talking about cinema can be a way to represent and explore regional diversity, as well as memories of areas and spaces that are now greatly changed. Yet cinema-going in postwar Japan also enabled viewers to see other areas of the world through imported films, both fictional and documentary. In the last section of this chapter, cinema viewership is discussed as a mode of being in the world, and a way for postwar viewers to situate Japan in the larger global context.
Stars, Occupiers, Parents and Role Models: Cinema as a Way of Being (Japanese)
Authors: Coates Jennifer
Published: September 2023

Chapter 4 develops explores talking about cinema as a device for communicating a way of being, by analysing study participants’ accounts of learning new ways of living, being, and thinking of oneself through cinema. For the generation who came of age in the 1950s and 1960s, the high-art element and international recognition of later postwar cinema lead to a sense of Japan as a leading artistic force, generating positive associations with being Japanese. In contrast, the elder generation recounted a perception of Japan as being behind an imagined international standard cinematically in the early years of the postwar era, for example, importing films years after their distribution in other countries. While cinema was discussed as a mode of marking Japan’s relative advancement or developmental lag related to other parts of the world, film viewership was also understood as a mode of improving the individual, as well as the national, self. The second part of this chapter develops an account of viewership as a means of seeing and feeling surprising or emotional things, to argue for a dominant understanding among committed film fans of the viewing experience as a sensory invitation to sympathetic or ethical co-feeling, and to historical understanding.
Conclusion
Authors: Coates Jennifer
Published: September 2023

The book concludes with a consideration of how to generate a new understanding of spectatorship in postwar Japan using hybrid methods drawn from Film Studies and Anthropology, as well as Memory Studies and Oral History. Examining what the testimony of viewers can tell us suggests that audience members’ memories can complicate extant scholarship. This short conclusion considers how we can account for the relationships between viewer organizations, industry, and social organizations, arguing that English language scholarship is missing a grassroots account of the impact of cinema on everyday life in Japan, both at the individual and the community organizational levels. How can we understand media reception as part of a larger project of constructing the self, and at the same time as a mode of being constructed by our socio-political and historical environment?
Colonial Encounters, Militarism and Affect in Global Security
Authors: Chisholm Amanda
Published: September 2023

This chapter provides a detailed theoretical understanding of how the security industry, and the people who work in it, are shaped by colonial histories that inform a variety of affects (happiness, hope, shame, honour) in the pursuit of making people feel safe. The chapter illuminates both affect and militarism as operating concepts by showing how Gurkhas in particular draw upon their colonial pasts, as martial race warriors, to perform as security contractors in the present and how clients view their value through similar colonial histories.
The Historian: Fraser’s Contribution to Early Modern Highland and Scottish History and Historiography
Authors: Worthington David
Published: September 2023

This chapter positions Fraser within the top tier of seventeenth century Highland and Scottish historians. While history sometimes offered respite, comfort or escape from current woes, it could also provide vital examples of good and bad practice to inform present-day public life. For Fraser, knowledge of the past was not entirely incontrovertible or immutable then but required careful archiving and regular re-presentation by scholars in order to take on its full meaning and purpose. Ultimately, this chapter shows how Fraser, a prime ‘public historian’ of his day, is best viewed on his own terms. His secular, boyhood passion for history combined with a later evangelical, pastoral wish to educate and make available, historical accounts and books for as many as possible. Both are vital towards understanding one key legacy of his: his formative influence on the founding of the Highlands’ first town library, in Inverness, in 1706.
From Cities to Walls: A Local Change of Scenery
Authors: Maury Corinne
Published: September 2023

This chapter analyses three films (News from Home, Down There, No Home Movie) in which Chantal Akerman creates images of reclusion that unveil, with determined clarity, her complex relationship with daily chores, her immense love for her mother, her painful questions about exile and illness. The analysis reveals that in Chantal Akerman’s films, the home is often a space of (self-imposed) imprisonment, of loss, of silences and wandering anxieties. In Down There, the flat is a place of self-reflective isolation. It is a manifestation of a cloistered nomadism that is the result of two types of seclusion: the voluntary reclusion of the filmmaker, sequestered in the dwelling that was provided for her in Tel Aviv, and the views out of the windows, obstructed by the buildings across the street
Pedro Costa’s Colossal Youth: From the Slums to the Sanitised Apartment
Authors: Maury Corinne
Published: September 2023

This chapter analyses the Cape Verdean shantytown of Fontainhas, Northwest of Lisbon – the “place of exile”, as Michel Agier calls it, that stands at the center of the trilogy of films Ossos, In Vanda’s Room and Colossal Youth, directed by Pedro Costa between 1997 and 2006. Most of the residents of the area, cutoff from the city center, are outcasts, dropouts and unskilled laborers, forced to inhabit the uninhabitable. The chapter shows that the bodies of the actors are fastened in place: Pedro Costa sets the image of bodies gracefully anchored, without transforming their precariousness into icons of decay. The filmmaker constantly emphasises both the character of the place and the importance of movement in this familiar space. He depicts the temperament of interiors, through the binding yet discordant mood of gestures and the active role played by objects and walls.
Sharunas Bartas’s Undergrounds
Authors: Maury Corinne
Published: September 2023

In the films Three Days and The Corridor, the camera of Sharunas Bartas walks by, barely grazing the surface of these moments, and the most banal, the most ordinary turn out to be unfathomable. This chapter shows that the filmmaker applies this form of urban contemplation to remote, enclosed spaces: a cellar, a corridor, a bunker – places where solitary beings roam – or run-down buildings in Kaliningrad, where bodies worried by desire meet, in a sort of dance. In these two films, the filmmaker tells tales of lonely wanderings, of troubled, tormented people, of waiting. This chapter analyses in detail those long and immersive shots that show broken, disconsolate lives, imprisoned in squalid locales.
Performance: In the Service of the Nation
Authors: Snir Reuven
Published: September 2023

The chapter deals with the emergence of Palestinian drama and theater in particular and its connection with Palestinian nation-building. The cultural activities in Palestine prior to the First World War lacked any political strand in the form of a Palestinian consciousness. In this sense, it was not exceptional, since no particular Arabic literature written at the time can be identified as national in the modern political sense. Up to that point, Palestinian literature bore marks of cultural consciousness of a very special nature, but did not reflect the subsequent political consciousness. The first Palestinian theatrical attempts started before 1948, but after the uprooting of the Palestinians following the Nakba, there was a significant decline in the activities in the 1950s. The new start followed the 1967 War, which brought about the growth of the professional theater, especially with the establishment of the al-Ḥakawātī troupe in Jerusalem, and the emergence of many other theatrical activities which were incorporated among the Palestinian search for roots.
Topos: Mundus Inversus
Authors: Snir Reuven
Published: September 2023

The chapter discusses the tendency found in various modern Arabic literary texts to represent reality as topsy-turvy, which in Western criticism is known as the topos of mundus inversus (world upside down). There exist some similarities between the various renditions of the topos of mundus inversus and certain thematic elements in Western literary schools, such as Surrealism, the Absurd, and Nonsense literature however, these similarities are predominantly external compared with the specific literary use of that topos and its contexts. . The chapter presents the employment of this topos and its literary Arabic renditions in some genres and among various writers with clear allusions to the figure of the Dajjāl (the Deceiver), namely, the False Christ—the Antichrist and Armillus from the Christian and Jewish traditions, respectively—that evil personage endowed with supernatural powers who, according to Muslim tradition, will come forth before the end of time and rule in heresy and tyranny for a limited period of either forty days or forty years, and who will be followed by the universal conversion of humanity to Islam.
Import: Science Fiction
Authors: Snir Reuven
Published: September 2023

The chapter deals with the genre of science fiction (SF) as a new emerging imported genre in Arabic literature, first, through translations and adaptations, and afterward by the rising of original Arabic SF progressing toward canonization. The emergence of SF in Arabic literature is the most evident illustration of an imported genre, and, at least from the point of view of the beginnings of the genre, it grew by borrowing the relevant Western pattern, though at a later stage the genre would pass through a process of Arabization and even Islamization. SF in Arabic has been around since the 1970s however, as with most genres of popular non-canonical Arabic prose, the scholarly academic research has paid little or no attention to it. This chapter attempts to partly fill that gap, approaching the topic within the aforementioned proposed theoretical framework for the study of Arabic literature. Though the bulk of Arabic SF literature is still generally referred to in the Arab world as stories for children and adventures of young men, Arabic SF has already taken its first steps on the road toward canonization.
Arabic Literature and World Literature
Authors: Snir Reuven
Published: September 2023

The Epilogue deals with the place of Arabic literature within world literature, referring to the issue of the continuity of Arabic literary writing and the relationship between modern, premodern, and classical Arabic literature, which is essential to our understanding of the nature of the contemporary Arabic literary system. Summarizing my studies published during the last fifty years, I discuss the conceptions and insights provided by Muḥsin Jāsim al-Mūsawī, one of the major contributors to the study of Arabic literature in recent years, in order to provide students, scholars, and readers with the necessary theoretical tools to critically examine various issues in the field.
The Mechanics of Divination
Authors: Sharp Matthew T.
Published: September 2023

This chapter treats the “mechanics” of divination in Paul, examining how Paul conceptualises the transmission of knowledge from the divine to the human level in conversation with Graeco-Roman philosophical reflections on the same topic (represented especially by Plato, Cicero, and Plutarch). The chapter isolates three ways in which philosophers conceptualised the process of divine communication as part of their broader cosmologies and. anthropologies: 1) the direct involvement of the god, 2) intermediary daimons, 3) the innate capacity of the human soul. It then reads Paul’s letters in conversation with these ideas, with special attention on 1 Corinthians 2, arguing that Paul similarly conceptualises the mechanics of divine communication in terms of his cosmology and anthropology, which is organised around the concept of Christ’s divine pneuma.
Visions
Authors: Sharp Matthew T.
Published: September 2023

This chapter argues that visions play an important divinatory role for Paul. After attending to some preliminary issues of definition and the classification of dreams and visions in antiquity, the chapter analyses Paul’s claims to an initial life-altering vision of the resurrected Christ in 1 Corinthians 15 and Galatians 1–2. This claim is examined not only in terms of its legitimating function but also as a source of divine information in comparison with the post-mortem appearances of figures such as Romulus or Aristeas. Paul’s claims to further visions and revelations, most notably in 2 Corinthians 12:1–10, are also contextualised within the increasing link between divination and otherworldly journeys in the first centuries BCE/CE, as well as the use of healing oracles at incubation sanctuaries.
Speech
Authors: Sharp Matthew T.
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the various forms of speech through which divine information can be received and conveyed in Paul’s letters. The first part of the chapter examines the words Paul says are spoken through human beings by holy pneuma. This actually fails to provide any divinatory knowledge at all. Instead, each time Paul makes pneuma the subject of a verb of communication the speech is always directed from humans to God and is always in a language unintelligible to the speaker (often referred to in scholarship as glossolalia, or “speaking in tongues”). The second part of the chapter turns to the topic of prophecy as the sort of divine speech that does communicate divinatory knowledge for Paul and involves the anthropological partnering of the pneuma and mind (nous). Glimpses of Paul’s prophetic speech within his letters (including the language of “mystery” and “word of the Lord”), and his oracular role in general, are examined in comparison with both oracle sanctuaries and freelance diviners of the Graeco-Roman world.
Signs
Authors: Sharp Matthew T.
Published: September 2023

This chapter considers the role of signs and omens from which Paul draws inferences about divine activity and disposition. The first half of the chapter surveys the various ways signs could be interpreted in the ancient world and how Paul’s appeals to signs and omens fit within this. The second half analyses the role of divine signs in Romans 1–3. Here, Paul’s appeals to the revelation of God’s wrath in Gentile sexuality, the revelation of God’s justice in the death of Christ, and the characterisation of that death as a propitiation, connect in a number of ways with the discourse of divination in the Roman world which was also concerned with detecting the wrath of the gods and discerning the correct ritual prescriptions to propitiate that wrath.
King James IV, the Earliest Recorded Golf Match and Early Sixteenth-century Golf
Authors: Millar Neil S.
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines several written references to golf dating from the first decade of the sixteenth century (from 1503/4, 1506 and 1507). These include evidence of the first recorded golf match (by King James IV of Scotland), as well as his purchase of golf clubs and balls. Several possible locations have been proposed for this earliest recorded golf match but it is argued that it is likely to have been played when the king visited St Andrews in 1503/4.
King James V and the Gosford Golf Myth
Authors: Millar Neil S.
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses several golf myths relating to the reign of King James V of Scotland (1513-1542). For example, it is argued that there is no historical basis to the claim that King James V of Scotland established a golf course at Gosford. It appears to be an assumption based on a misunderstanding by later authors of a comment concerning the Earl of Wemyss that was published in 1952. The myth also includes an erroneous link to the Scottish poet Robert Burns. Evidence of early golf being played at Barry Links in Scotland is also discussed.
King James VI, the Club-maker William Mayne and Golf in Scotland (1566–1603)
Authors: Millar Neil S.
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses references to golf during the early part of the reign of King James VI of Scotland, prior to the unification of the crowns of Scotland and England in 1603. It includes a reassessment of evidence that James learned to play golf in Perth during his childhood. Also discussed in this chapter is evidence that the Edinburgh bow-maker William Mayne made both golf balls and clubs and for the Scottish king.
King James VI/I, Early Golf in England and the Blackheath Golf Myth
Authors: Millar Neil S.
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses evidence that golf was introduced to England by the Scottish courtiers who accompanied King James VI of Scotland to London in 1603, following the Union of the Crowns and at the time of his accession to the English throne as James I. Evidence is presented of Henry, Prince of Wales playing golf in England (c. 1606) and of golf being played at Royston in 1624. In addition, the frequent claims that a golf club was established at Blackheath in 1608 are reassessed.
King James VII/II: the ‘First International Golf Match’ or an Enduring Myth?
Authors: Millar Neil S.
Published: September 2023

One of the most popular and enduring stories relating to early golf concerns an event that is said to have taken place in 1682 and which is frequently described as being the ‘first international golf match’. It is a story that has been repeated in more than a hundred published accounts of the history of golf but on no occasion have any contemporary documentary sources been cited. The story appears to have originated in 1824 (more than a hundred and forty years after the golf match is said to have taken place) and was seemingly an attempt to interpret an ambiguous Latin poem. The origin of the story is described, as is an earlier but different explanation of the Latin poem that has been almost entirely overlooked. In addition, claims that James, Duke of York played golf in America are reassessed.
Early Clubs and Caddies
Authors: Millar Neil S.
Published: September 2023

A characteristic feature of golf is that it is played over varying terrain and therefore requires a variety of different clubs, something that in turn led to the employment of caddies to carry a player’s clubs. This chapter discusses what is known about the design of early golf clubs and also identifies several early references to the use of caddies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
Disordered Voters: Grieving the Brexit Referendum
Authors: Degerman Dan
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the medicalisation of grief in the context of the Brexit referendum. It demonstrates that referendum’s losers, who supported remaining in the EU, were subjected to medicalising attacks. I begin by surveying the literature on the politics of grief, showing that the impact of medicalization of grief has been under-explored. I address this gap by analysing the medicalisation of negative emotions in the aftermath of the Brexit referendum and its consequences for political agency. The second section sets the scene for this task, arguing that the emotional and meta-emotional rhetoric of the Brexit debate enabled people to transform their emotions into public issues. I then consider the grief that Remainers experienced in response to the referendum loss before showing how mental health experts, journalists, employers, and others worked to reframe this grief and other negative emotional reactions as incipient symptoms of mental disorder that required careful management. Strikingly, this management involved emotional citizens and denizens cutting themselves off from empowering factors, like concepts, affiliations and public spaces.
Literary Businesswoman Extraordinaire
Authors: Kendrick Brent L.
Published: September 2023

This chapter documents Mary E. Wilkins Freeman’s success as a businesswoman by reading through her letters collected in An Infant Sphinx but also through archival material such as uncollected letters and manuscripts from the author’s private collection, as well as little known material drawn from newspapers of the time, for example the Brattleboro Daily Reformer, the Vermont Phoenix, the Vermont Record and Farmer. Freeman started her career in 1883 with $962.09 in cash and with one-half interest in a piece of Brattleboro, Vermont, property. After her death in 1930, her estate value at the height of the Great Depression came to $117,285.41. She amassed such financial success, this essay shows, not only through the power of her pen but also through her astute business customs, negotiations over royalties, and publishing strategies. Hers is a story unparalleled in nineteenth century American literature, especially among women writers.
A Cacophony of Voices: Freeman’s Modernism
Authors: Elbert Monika
Published: September 2023

This chapter analyzes Mary E. Wilkins Freeman’s representation of modernist alienation in the context of an increasingly industrialized New England. As opposed to earlier views of Freeman’s New England as a pastoral, rural space, this essay foregrounds the incursion of industrial landscapes and a consumerist economy, which fosters a modernist sense of anxiety and disenchantment. Looking at a wide range of Freeman’s stories, including “A Wayfaring Couple,” “Two Old Lovers,” “For the Love of One’s Self,” “Humble Pie,” “A Guest in Sodom,” “The Cloak Also,” “Sweet Flowering Perennial” and the collection Edgewater People, the essay shows that Freeman’s regionalism combines a realist and naturalist aesthetic with modernist concerns, unsettling conventional period markers and generic divides.
Underground Influence: Sylvia Townsend Warner’s Pastiche of Mary E. Wilkins Freeman
Authors: PALMER STEPHANIE
Published: September 2023

Freeman’s work lived on into the 1920s through the 60s, even after Freeman lost her main audience. This claim is explored through examining her long-term transatlantic influence on the twentieth-century writer Sylvia Townsend Warner. The chapter analyzes Warner’s essay, “Item, One Empty House” as a reflection on where sexually nonconforming women writers fit in national literary histories. After using the essay to demonstrate that Freeman is an important precursor to Warner, the chapter traces an intertextual relationship between Warner’s fiction of the 1960s, particularly “A Love Match” (1964), and Freeman’s sexually explicit story, “Evelina’s Garden” (1896). The essay proposes that progressive female-to-female influence is structured differently to Harold Bloom’s model of influence, featuring a broader array of emotions including anxiety but many other emotions as well.
On Top of the Revolutionary Game: Uncovering the ‘Islamic State’s’ Revolutionary Message
Authors: Müller-Rensch Miriam M.
Published: September 2023

The chapter brings together knowledgeable exchanges on the political and revolutionary character of the Jihadi-Salafist agenda from critical security studies, Islamic studies and academic and journalistic research on “revolutionary warfare”. This includes a discussion of the amalgamation of political ideology and religion within ISIS’ system of belief as a major theoretical challenge and how it determines authority and rule in ISIS's so-called Caliphate. Based on these findings, ISIS’ actions are spatially and temporarily situated as a possible response to emergent opportunity structures and how these actions as praxis have changed these structures themselves. In conclusion, ISIS’ revolutionary character is identified as part of a social movement that will hold on to its ultimate goal to realize its own “alternative mode of governance” and to virtually and actually establish a new “imagined world order” as their very own “alternative version of modernity”.
First ‘International Terrorists’ or Local Non‑recognised Government? Palestinians and Hybrid Sovereignty
Authors: Záhora Jakub
Published: September 2023

This chapter makes the case for conceptualising the Palestinian national movement through the prism of hybrid sovereignty. It starts by discussing on works that have shown that the ideal of sovereignty as a full control over territory and wielding legitimate violence does not do justice to the multiplicity of observed structures and practices of governance, power and authority. Building on this scholarship, it argues that revisiting episodes within the Palestinian national movement in the 1960s and the 1970s can demonstrate how seemingly disparate actions converge to give rise to sovereign claims. The chapter looks specifically into the spectacular acts of violence (which became known as terrorism in the West) conducted by Palestinian groups, and Palestinian self-governance in the refugee camps, especially those in Lebanon. Using a Deleuzian conceptual framework, it proposes that the diffraction of the Palestinian groups’ political activities should be read within a unitary frame of hybrid sovereignty: that is, one in which claims to represent a body politic-in-the-making are expressed through spatially dispersed practices.
Illuminating the Black Film: The Weimar Origins of the Argentine Policial , the Curious Case of ‘El Metteur’ James Bauer and Crime as Transnational Signifier
Authors: Sedzielarz Aleksander
Published: September 2023

Literary narratives of crime and detective work were enjoyed by wide audiences attracted to the popular policial fiction in serial publications in South America throughout the 1930s. Crime films, however, arrive quite late in with most Argentine studios producing their first policial films around the year 1940. Drawing inspiration from Weimar and French sources—and often produced by filmmakers-in-exile escaping the rise of fascism in Europe—the first policials blended the techniques honed by veterans of the European studio systems in Spain, France, and Germany with the established genre and stylistic conventions of musical and romantic comedy that attracted audiences to local Argentine productions. This chapter focuses on German-born director James Bauer’s Explosivo 008, a mashup of Weimar aesthetics and local Argentine musical comedy and science fiction, as a kaleidoscopic production that reveals the global cultural influences entering the visual culture of Argentina through film as foreign filmmakers settled in Buenos Aires and collaborated with local studios. This film offers a picture of the entangled strands of national cultures in transition during a time of war and occupation and resulting in a cinematic transnationalism that would enrich the subsequent development of policial films and fiction in Argentina.
Retracing Mafia Locality
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez David
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines Matteo Garrone’sGomorrah (2008) through an analysis of the granular details of Neopolitan, notably social organization of the postwar housing project known as ‘Le Vele’ in the suburbs of Naples. The analysis leads to a reconsideration of the film within the series of films of neorealist period that have come to be known as neorealismo nero. The chapter links Gomorrahto neorealims through effects of wandering camera, non-professional actors, location shooting, and mise en scène ties it directly to neorealism in a common attraction to images on screen that could not have occurred elsewhere or in any other historical moment. It also reveals how Gomorrah relies on techniques used in neorealism to create a sobering mafia film but, despite indexing the uniqueness of place in the cinematic image, the film constructs a relationship between the personal and global through the transactions of organized crime to shed light on the social issues of class antagonism, and the excess (waste) of global capitalism that were out of reach of previous neorealist films.
Crime without Borders: Marginality and Transnational Power in Jacques Audiard’s Un prophète
Authors: Watson Julianna Blair
Published: September 2023

In Jacques Audiard’s 2009 film, Un Prophète, Malik El Djebena (Tahar Rahim), the Franco-Arabic protagonist, enters prison a meek criminal but emerges a powerful gangster. What enables Malik to accrue power is, ironically, what initially makes him an easier target for the prison gangs: his marginality. He lives in a French society in which people of Arabic descent occupy the periphery. Added to that is Malik's own uncertainty as to his origins and the marginalisations he experiences at the hand of multiple ethnicised prison gangs. Yet, Malik takes advantage of his peripheral position to establish criminal networks with other groups historically marginalised in France and moves to the centre of his own transnational criminal operation.
Drawing on theories of diaspora and transnationalism, this essay argues that Malik’s marginality results in an embodiment of a transnational criminal, not just in that he engages with criminals from multiple national backgrounds, but also in that he himself engages with multiple nations in his identity. Malik’s ambiguous origins transcend linguistic, ethnic, and national borders, and it is this transnational identity which allows Malik to deftly manoeuvre the space of the prison and create a criminal space that operates outside of the centre/periphery dichotomy.
The Case of the Spanish Gialli : Crime Fiction and the Openness of Spain in the 1970s
Authors: Pagnoni Berns Fernando Gabriel
Published: September 2023

This chapter argues that filmmakers in Francoist Spain recognized that giallo films expressed the deeper contradictions of shared economic and political conflicts. The author also describes the ways in which these filmmakers turned this crime film genre into a transnational affair during the early-1970s amidst processes of modernization after years of social and cultural obscurantism. Furthermore, the analysis is foregrounded by a discussion of the so-called Spanish Miracle, which refers to “the economic resurgence of Spain in the latter half of the Franco dictatorship” (Nichols 168) that mirrored the economic conditions of Italy in a slightly earlier period. The chapter also draws examples from Spanish films that followed from the Italian giallolike Una libelula para cada muerto(1974), La corrupción de Chris Miller (1973), El techo de cristal (1971), and El pez de los ojos de oro(1974).
The Short Arm of the Law: The Post-dictatorship Crime Film as a Barometer for Justice in Contemporary Argentina
Authors: Alpert Jennifer
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the policial as a way of tracing the state of justice in the period of re-democratization following the brutal 1976-1983 military dictatorship in Argentina. After this period, few perpetrators have been adequately punished for their human rights abuses and since democracy’s return, policiales have operated as an indicator of shifting popular demands and anxieties regarding justice that democratic governments have failed to deliver. The author analyses the films Perdido por perdido (1993), Caballos salvajes (1995), Nueve reinas(2000), and Al final del túnel (2016) to show a shift from representing the dictatorship directly to film’s that create veiled fantasies that consistently justify retribution outside the law as a moral form of justice within a context where legal institutions have failed. Finally, the essay looks at more recent films such as Nieve negra (2017) that exemplify renewed calls to sentence human rights abusers by investigating the role of complicity in allowing perpetrators to get away with murder.
Gated Crimes: Neoliberal Spaces and the Pleasures of Paranoia in Las viudas de los jueves (2009) and Betibú (2014)
Authors: Risner Jonathan
Published: September 2023

Beginning in the early 2000s, gated communities figured into Argentine cinema by providing the setting for films belonging to various genres, including comedies, documentaries, arthouse dramas, and crime films. Las viudas de los jueves and Betibú exemplify such films and adhere to the tenets of crime cinema while also narrativizing the country’s neoliberalization that entails its spatial restructuring. Las viudas de los jueves and Betibú retain a degree of local and national specificity at the level of content. In addition, the two films’ transnational appeal as crime films suggest paranoia to be a fundamental emotion to neoliberalism that also makes for a kind of spectatorship built around genre cinema.
Foundations: The Acquisition of Knowledge and Values
Authors: Welfare Humphrey
Published: September 2023

The formative influences on William’s life are described and evaluated. These included his family background in a Presbyterian society, and his father's roles in the Kirk in Carluke where the loyalty to the Crown and opposition to the Jacobites was strong. These factors inculcated hard work, diligence, and public service, values which were cemented and strengthened by the Classical education he received at Lanark Grammar School. After leaving school he seems to have spent some time as an estate surveyor before, most probably, moving to Edinburgh. There he may have been influenced, directly or indirectly, by the Professor of Mathematics at the university, Colin MacLaurin, who was at the centre of Roy's circle of friends and acquaintances in the city. Links at Carluke to the Dundas family may have provided the opening for his recruitment to the Military Survey.
The Map-maker: Developing ‘the Soldier’s Eye’
Authors: Welfare Humphrey
Published: September 2023

The Jacobite rebellion of 1745-6 had exposed the inadequacy of maps for military purposes. The challenge was taken up by Colonel David Watson who devised the Military Survey of Scotland - a distillation of military intelligence - as part of the subjugation of the Highlands. For this initiative William was appointed as the leader or project manager. The specification for the Great Map is discussed, together with the instruments used, the living conditions in the field, and the cycle of survey and drawing-up. Brief biographies of the surveyors and the draughtsmen are supplied. The scope of the Survey was subsequently increased to cover the Lowlands, completing the mapping of mainland Scotland. William had a particular responsibility for the mapping of the coast and of the English Border. Work ceased in the build-up to the Seven Years War.
The Antiquary in the Field: Empathy with the Army of Rome
Authors: Welfare Humphrey
Published: September 2023

William’s Classical education in Lanark prepared the ground for his interest in Roman remains in Scotland, something which was further stimulated by his encounters with archaeological sites during the Military Survey, and in later fieldwork in southern England and Germany. Tacitus’s Agricola, recounting the Roman invasion of Scotland, intrigued scholars such as Robert Melville who discovered Roman camps in Strathmore: these were enthusiastically surveyed by William. William’s ability to observe, analyse, and depict Roman sites, including the Antonine Wall, marked the beginning of modern field archaeology. In studying the design of the camps he was able to estimate the number of soldiers they would have contained. His conclusions on ancient geography in his posthumous book, Military Antiquities of the Romans in North Britain, were marred by his acceptance of Charles Bertram’s Richard of Cirencester forgery but his field recording set an exceptional standard for the future.
Empathy for The Graph
Authors: Mason Arthur
Published: September 2023

Empathy for the Graph draws attention to the energy graph as a type of future-visualizing device that involves intellectual calculation associated with interpreting the scale of coordinates and time frames that re-enact the event inscribed; and sensual intuition associated with the rising or falling lines and rhythm of direction. On display in the energy graph is a rationalist confidence in abstract indicators to generate forms of validation that correspond to the real. But the visual abstractness of the graph suggests that this confidence is misplaced, producing a kind of emotional excess that, during the 2000s, enables the possibility among North American and European populations for developing empathy over a distanced sensual world. Empathy is a quality of identification with the emotional life of another and in the context of the energy graph a process of feeling into aesthetic production. Hence, the graph is concerned with accomplishments as an abstract indicator but also with what the visual irradiates beyond its facts.
Speculative Matters: The Pasts and Presents of Oil in Turkey
Authors: Oguz Zeynep
Published: September 2023

Oil has acquired an elusive materiality in Turkey, situated between presence and absence, visibility and invisibility, abundance and lack, loss and desire. This chapter explores the profound political effects of oil’s absent presence in the oil-poor Republic of Turkey. Oil’s intangible yet elusive presence, and the modes of expectation and anticipation that surround it, have become a characteristic feature of a tumultuous period in Turkey during 2016 and 2020. Prospects for oil discovery not only helped grant legitimacy to the increasingly authoritarian and nationalist government trying to re-consolidate its power in the aftermath of the coup attempt and decreasing popular support, but also exposed many of the fault lines upon which state power and national politics were built in Turkey. The absent presence of oil becomes a precisely productive vantage point from which to explore the social and political worlds it has nevertheless composed and continues to bring about. In this material-political space that oil occupies, the chapter argues, national pasts and presents are reconfigured, repressed histories of violence and resistance are conjured up, and state power is both reproduced and exposed as highly fragile and fragmented.
Gender, Domesticity and Speed: American Petro-Modernity
Authors: Citino Nathan J.
Published: September 2023

The presence of the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) in Saudi Arabia constituted part of what Stefanie LeMenager has called ‘petro-modernity’. Petro-modernity established hierarchies between and within societies where Western corporations and governments built neo-colonial economic relations with formally independent, oil-producing states. This gendered, post-war order was characterised not only by masculine technologies of speed that relied on hydrocarbons, such as the automobile and the airplane, but also by a domesticity focused on consumerism. A complementarity between speed and domesticity was created both in the car-centred suburbs of post-war America and in the Saudi Eastern Province, which became a key site of global hydrocarbon production as well as home to communities built for oil workers and their families. Power hierarchies within petro-modernity were challenged at every level, from labour strikes in the oil industry, to demands by women including the right to drive, and the price hikes and embargo imposed by Arab oil producers on the United States during the 1970s.
Islam and the Environment
Authors: Karagiannis Emmanuel
Published: September 2023

Chapter 1 provides an overview of the relationship between Islam and the environment by examining Islamic eco-theology as a distinct subcategory of theology. It discusses four themes: water, trees, animals, pollution and energy. The chapter also examines Shari’a and the environment, including the use of land, water management, and animal rights. The increased environmental awareness has also compelled religious leaders to offer relevant fatwas.
The Muslim Brotherhood and the Environment
Authors: Karagiannis Emmanuel
Published: September 2023

Chapter 2 considers the oldest, namely the Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt. First, it describes the Muslim Brotherhood’s general perspective on the environment based on the writings of Hassan al-Banna, Sayyed Qutb, Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Mohamed Badie, and Mohamed Morsi. Moreover, the chapter analyses the Brotherhood’s policy regarding water management, animals, pollution and energy. Finally, it examines the role of religion in the formulation of the Brotherhood’s environmental policy.
Hizbullah and the Environment
Authors: Karagiannis Emmanuel
Published: September 2023

Chapter 4 investigates the environmentalism of the Lebanese Shi’i group Hizbullah. It begins with its general perspective on the environment, which has been greatly influenced by Ayatollah Khomeini’s political theology. The chapter then considers water management, an issue of growing importance for Lebanon. It also describes the group’s understanding of trees, pollution and energy. Finally, the chapter scrutinizes the influence of religion on Hizbullah’s environmental policy.