bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural features of synthetic glycoconjugates and efficiency of their interaction with glycoprotein receptors on the surface of hepatocytes
Authors: Nosova A. S. , Budanova Yu. A. , Sebyakin Yu. L.
Published: November 2019

Objectives.Over the last few years, medicinal chemistry research has been focusing on the creation of molecules that can target particular body systems, organs and tissues, thus abating systemic toxicity and side effects, and, most of all, boosting therapeutic potential. This goal can be achieved through the specific interaction of such drugs with active sites of cellular receptors. For example, glycoprotein receptors that can be found on cellular surfaces in neural tissues and liver parenchyma, selectively bind various glycoproteins and glycosides, facilitating their penetration into cells. This review describes how certain parameters of ligand structure (the nature and length of the spacer between carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate fragments of the molecule, number of carbohydrate residues per molecule, etc.) influence the penetration efficiency of synthetic glycoconjugates into liver cells.

Methods.This review article summarizes 75 research papers and discusses data from in vitro and in vivo experiments showing which structures of synthetic carbohydrate derivatives are optimal for targeted drug delivery into liver cells.

Results.The surface of liver cells (hepatocytes) contains a significant number of asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGP-R) that are almost never found elsewhere. This makes ASGP-R an ideal target for the directed treatment of liver diseases, including such difficult, socially important conditions as hepatocellular carcinoma and Hepatitis C. A number of various ligands and targeted (to ASGP-R) delivery systems have been designed. Such molecules always contain derivatives of mono- and disaccharides, most commonly D-glucose, D-galactose, D-lactose and N-acetylglucosamines. This review contains the chemical structures of carbohydrate-based ligands.

Conclusions.Glycolipids based on D-carbohydrates, when in liposomes, facilitate penetration into liver cells by a receptor-mediated, clathrin-dependent endocytosis mechanism that is activated upon contact of the carbohydrate-containing ligand fragment with the active site of ASGP-R. It can be addressed by the use of monovalent derivatives of carbohydrates as well as polyvalent glycoconjugates. Alterations in the ligand structure and the number of liposomal modifications can boost the therapeutic effect. The distance between the liposomal surface and the carbohydrate residue (spacer length), as well as the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the ligand molecule, have a great effect on the affinity and cellular response.
Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative ratio of lineages in broodstock of Novoaltaiskaya breed of horses in the Altai Republic as of 2018
Authors: Дубровин Александр , Dubrovin Aleksandr
Published: November 2019

Abstract. One of the most important and promising areas of domestic productive horse breeding today is herd meat. It is most sustainable and has a positive trend of development, due to the low-cost technology of keeping, breeding and growing, compared with other sectors of grazing. An analysis of the pedigree structure of herds in the Altai Republic showed that the main role in the herd horse breeding of the region is given to horses of the Novoaltaiskaya breed of meat direction of productivity, the basis of which, like any other factory breed, are brood mares. It is well known and repeatedly confirmed by studies that the hereditary and phenotypic properties of the mother have a great impact on the quality of the offspring of any lineage. The aim of the study was to determine the severity of the uterine composition of Novoaltaiskaya breed of horses of economically useful traits and to identify the most promising and valuable breed lineages in the Altai Republic. Methods. The lineage ratios in the broodstock of horses of Novoaltaiskaya breed in the farms of the region as of 2018 are analyzed. The characteristics of the uterus of various lineages by age and quantity are given. A linear analysis of the indicators of the main economically useful features is carried out. The results of the study showed the superiority of the uterus of the Rekrut and Mech lineages in the main breeding traits – live weight, basic measurements and assessment of conformation. Based on the results of the study, the further direction of breeding work to improve the horses of Novoaltaiskaya breed in the Altai Republic was determined. The scientific novelty of the study is a comparative analysis of the current state of the lineages of the Novoaltaiskaya breed of horses in the context of the broodstock of the Altai Republic.
CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE THOUGH IN THE WORK OF KHALED ABOU EL FADL
Authors: Aini Qurrotul Ainiyah
Published: November 2019

With a qualitative approach, this research raises Khaled Abou El Fadl's thoughts on contemporary Islamic law discourse by analyzing one of his main works, namely Speaking in God's Name: Islamic Law, Authority, and Women. This paper will be focused on two important questions. First, how is the history of Khaled Abou El Fadl's life? Second, how is Khaled Abou El Fadl’s thought style in the tradition of contemporary jurisprudence? Based on those two questions, this research finally produces that; First, Abou El Fadl grew out of the dialectic of Islamic thought in the Middle East which has grown since the 1970s. His thought was actually a reaction to the rise of Salafi discourses, especially in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. The idea of Abou El Fadl is seen as a moderate wing representation in Salafi thought. Second, Atas Nama Tuhan, Khaled Aboul El Fadl's work is an experiment of his criticism of Salafism ideology which argues that Islamic reformism is also responsible for creating a creed closed, intolerant, and superficial in understanding the sacred texts of Islam should be taken seriously. His thought provides a discourse on Islamic law by combining classical Islamic thought with modern hermeneuticdiscourse.
MENILAI KESESUAIAN QANUN KOMISI KEBENARAN DAN REKONSILIASI ACEH DENGAN ASAS-ASAS PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN
Authors: Pasha Zahlul
Published: November 2019

This research aim to analyze of parity between the Qanun of Aceh Truth and Reconcialiation Commission and the Law Number 12 Year 2011 on the Law-making Process.The conclusion of this research is establishment of the Qanun of Aceh Truth and Reconciliation Commission seems has trouble with the Law-making Process Principles, specifically on clarity of formulation, hierarchical types and material substances. Furthermore, this situation was leading motive prompting people who are harmed to initiate judicial review
KEBERANJAKAN FATWA DARI LEGAL OPINION MENJADI LEGAL BINDING: (Studi Kasus Fatwa DSN MUI Tentang Perbankan Syariah)
Authors: Muhammad Wildan Imaduddin
Published: November 2019

The basic concept of fatwa in its position of binding law is legal opinion in Indonesia. But in certain cases fatwa has a legal binding which is must be obeyed by people. This article demonstrate how fatwa has a legal binding in the context of Indonesia. The objects of research specifically is banking sharia act in which it is said Islamic economy activities must be appropriate  with the fatwa of national sharia council. As concluding remark, this article show the development of fatwa from legal opinion to legal binding through the constitution as represent by sharia banking act.
浅谈加强房屋建筑工程施工管理的措施及其质量控制
Authors: 洪 瑶
Published: November 2019

房屋建筑工程施工是非常繁杂的工程,涉及的专业广、工种多,还受到各地区的气候地理环境的影响。因此为了提高施工企业的经济效益,必须加强房屋建筑工程施工管理。本文简述了房屋建筑工程施工管理的意义,对加强房屋建筑工程施工管理的措施以及房屋建筑工程施工的质量控制进行了论述分析。
绿色建筑给水排水的节水途径及技术应用
Authors: 牛 育辉
Published: November 2019

随着可持续发展战略的深化,人们对于节能减排工作越来越重视,并对各领域的环保水平提出了更高的要求,这在一定程度上推动了绿色建筑的发展,而绿色建筑是建筑行业实现可持续发展的关键,想要进一步的提升绿色建筑的节能减排效果,还需要相关单位将节能减排理念落实到建筑工程的各个环节当中,如此才能推动行业发展目标的实现。因此,本文针对绿色建筑给排水方面的内容进行讨论,探讨相应的节水途径,并对各项节水技术的应用进行具体论述,希望能够进一步提升绿色建筑给排水的节水效果。
城市住宅户型设计存在的问题与发展趋势探讨
Authors: 郭 勇宽
Published: November 2019

本文针对城市住宅户型设计存在的问题与发展趋势,结合理论实践,在简要阐述目前城市住宅户型设计存在问题的基础上,分析了具体的设计思路,并提出相应的发展趋势。分析结果表明,在城市住宅户型设计注重功能空间合理布置、部分空间模糊处理,减少固定墙体、厨卫布局要严格遵循实用、合理的原则、阳台巧妙设计,增加居住的舒适性等,是提升城市住宅户型设计效果,保证居民居住舒适性的关键,值得相关单位高度重视。
水泥稳定碎石两层连铺施工关键技术研究
Authors: 李 广才
Published: November 2019

市政工程稳定碎石是目前道路建设中基础施工项目重点环节,对市政工程整体结构性能将起到极为显著的关键性影响。在现场施工过程中可以制定两层连铺工艺方案,通过对水泥碎石层的加固处理,进一步提升路面交通的安全性。基于此,本文就将对水泥稳定碎石两层连铺的施工技术进行详细研究,希望对后续建设工作的开展提供有效帮助和指导作用。
有关建筑工程招标代理的质量管理的研究
Authors: 郑 淑闻
Published: November 2019

招标投标事业在其三十余年的发展过程中,是伴随着国家改革开放发展而发展,与社会市场经济息息相关,为国家经济健康、持续发展保驾护航起到了重要的作用。招标代理行为在建筑市场上越来越常见,国家从法律法规层面对此作出了明确规定,以保证招标代理行为的规范性及合法性,因此,人们对其认知程度也在逐渐提高,招标代理已经成为建筑工程建设不可分割的一部分。基于此,必须提高对完善招标代理行为相关工作的重视力度,通过实际行动和科学策略加以践行和落实。
城市景观亮化中特殊灯具安装质量探讨
Authors: 唐 萍
Published: November 2019

本文参照城市景观亮化中特殊灯具的安装质量要求,对城市景观亮化中特殊灯具的质量安装措施进行分析和探讨,明确城市景观亮化中特殊灯具安装质量好坏对城市景观亮化设计的作用和意义,以期为推动城市景观的建设和发展提供依据。
建筑室内设计中手绘表现的重要性
Authors: 余 鹰
Published: November 2019

手绘是建筑室内设计师需要掌握的基础技能,其能够通过简单线条的勾勒将设计者的思路及设计方向表述出来,实现与用户的沟通和交流。不过现阶段很多设计人员过于依赖计算机及设计软件,忽略了手绘的重要性,故而使得建筑室内设计受到阻碍,无法满足居住者的实际要求。基于此,本文就对建筑室内设计中手绘表现的重要性进行分析阐述,希望对设计人员有所帮助。
当代室内设计中美学原理的应用研究
Authors: 郑 丁槐
Published: November 2019

室内设计是一种建筑室内空间的艺术设计工作。现今科技不断发展,各种文化交流沟通逐渐加深,人们对身处的居住环境的要求也逐渐提高,同时也提出了更多的个性化要求。为此,设计人员在室内设计过程中应运用美学原理,为人们提供舒适安心的居住环境,满足用户的居住需求。
电气自动化在电气工程中的应用
Authors: 池 浩彬
Published: November 2019

目前的现代科学技术发展十分迅捷,科学技术成果运用于实际生活中也随之变得具有广泛性和实用性,其中在全球的高新技术范畴中占有重要地位的电气自动化技术尤为凸显,该技术大大的提高了社会生产的效率,因此下文将对电气自动化的具体技术特征进行叙述,并针对相关的应用情况进行简要的探讨,最后会对电气工程未来的发展方向怀有积极的展望,电力领域内的相关企业可以充分使用电气自动化技术应用在企业的发展之上,进而促进我国电气工程的发展历程。
浅谈大学数学教学中的艺术处理
Authors: 何 川 , 徐 晨
Published: November 2019

数学教学同歌唱、朗诵、绘画等艺术门类一样,都有着一个共同的特点——对比。在本文中,笔者根据多年的教学经验,总结出在大学数学教学中如何运用各种不同的对比手法使得大学数学的教学充满活力。内容包括难度深与浅的对比、整体与细节的对比、正向思维与逆向思维的对比、理论与应用的对比、数学知识与数学文化的对比、传统板书与现代课件的对比等等,并通过实例去阐述上述各种对比手法的具体运用。
新时代下结合思想政治工作对高校心理健康教育的几点思考
Authors: 宋 峥
Published: November 2019

新时代下探讨大学生心理健康教育问题,对于促进大学生健康发展、实现高素质人才培养具有重要意义。本文结合新时代下高校思想政治教育的任务与要求,分析了大学生心理健康教育与思想政治工作的相关性,以及新时代下大学生心理健康教育所面临的挑战,结合工作实际,提出了几点措施与对策。
探析小学语文作文教学存在的问题及其措施
Authors: 郑 丽秀
Published: November 2019

作文是小学语文教学的重要组成部分,是提高小学生基本素养的基本要求,其重要意义不言而喻。但现阶段,小学语文作文教学当中仍然存在诸多问题,这些问题如果得不到有效解决,小学语文作文教学水平将很难得到有效地提升。基于此,本文简述了小学语文作文教学的重要性,对小学语文作文教学的现状及其策略进行了简要分析。
自由基聚合反应链终止过程的分析讨论
Authors: 韩 莹
Published: November 2019

在《聚合反应工程》课程中,链终止反应过程是课程的一个核心内容,在教材中具有重要地位。不同的聚合反应所对应的链终止反应过程不同,但它们具有很强的关联性。文中以自由基均聚和共聚为主线,对链终止反应过程这样一个重要知识点做分析讨论,包括链终止过程发生的具体的化学反应方程式、基元反应式和反应速率表达式等,指出了不同链终止反应过程之间的相同之处和不同之处。旨在提高学生对连锁聚合的链终止反应过程能有一个系统的认识和把握。
《改造我们的学习》对建设马克思主义学习型政党的启示
Authors: 邹 金雷
Published: November 2019

习近平总书记在党的十九大报告中指出：要增强学习本领,在全党营造善于学习、勇于实践的浓厚氛围,建设马克思主义学习型政党,推动建设学习大国。党员干部要勤于学习,善于学习,在学习中提高自己的政治觉悟和政治能力。《改造我们的学习》为在新时代条件下建设马克思主义学习型政党、全面增强党的执政本领提供了宝贵的经验,对于指导广大党员特别是领导干部运用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法去解决当代中国现实问题具有重要的借鉴意义。
关于小学语文阅读教学探讨
Authors: 徐 艳平
Published: November 2019

语文阅读教学,是锻炼学生的语言表达能力、思维能力以及文化内涵而产生的,对小学生极其未来的发展意义重。但是,我们目前的理念和方式,却遭受着挑战和威胁,不利于学生的的健康成长和学习,因此,探讨提高小学语文阅读教学的有效性策略,是非常有必要的。本文对小学语文阅读教学进行分析探讨,提出相关的有效阅读教学措施,进而促进小学语文阅读教学。
农场档案管理规范化工作分析
Authors: 胡 红梅 , 梁 姗姗
Published: November 2019

随着农场的发展建设,农场的档案管理工作也发生着变化。农场档案管理工作随着人员及工作流程的增加而日趋复杂,因此需要在开展管理工作中对其进行规范化整改,从而满足农场的发展需求,同时实现科学化信息化的网络资源共享。基于此,本文针对农场档案规范化管理的必要性和档案规范的一些内容进行探讨和阐述。
工程教育认证视角下的自动化综合实践课程设计
Authors: 陈 良 , 高 瑜 , 顾 晓辉
Published: November 2019

工程教育认证对培养学生解决复杂工程问题的能力提出了明确要求,传统的验证性实验显然无法承载这一教学理念。本文以自动化类专业为例,开设一门综合性实践课程,设定了一个明确的复杂工程问题,并围绕该问题的复杂性构建矛盾冲突,针对非技术能力培养重构教学环节,从而全面支撑“研究、使用现代工具、个人与团队、沟通、终身学习”等毕业要求的达成。
高职院辅导员如何做好学生党建工作的几点思考
Authors: 左 其阳
Published: November 2019

高职院校党建工作迎来新的挑战,作为学生党建工作第一线的辅导员老师要与时俱进,注重自身能力的培养和提高。为扎实有效的开展基层党建工作,高职院校辅导员应当在党建工作阵地建设、党团工作互联互通、新媒体工具的使用上加强探索。
农村社区教育典型案例分析——以昆山市为例
Authors: 张 香芹 , 张 胜军
Published: November 2019

在乡村振兴战略背景下,各地区都在推进乡村振兴,在这一过程中涌现出很多先进典型案例。昆山市农委带领昆山人民积极探索,创新农村社区教育模式,成立新型职业农民协会,制定惠民政策,搭建学习交流平台,取得了阶段性成果。各地区可以从昆山模式中汲取经验,因地制宜,积极探索农村社区教育新模式。
Pesquisa de Cardiotoxicidade em Prontuário de Paciente Submetido à Quimioterapia R-CHOP: um Estudo de Caso
Authors: Valente Patricia Marques Soares , Braga Eduardo Pinho , Neves Thamires Ferreira , Souza Walter Claudino Pires de , Silva Thamires Lopes da , Martins Wolney de Andrade , Castilho Selma Rodrigues de
Published: November 2019

Introdução: A cardiotoxicidade é um dos efeitos mais significativos no tratamento oncológico. Entre as implicações mais consideráveis, destaca-se a insuficiência cardíaca com disfunção ventricular sistólica ou diastólica. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 39 anos, com linfoma não Hodgkin difuso de grandes células B, submetida à quimioterapia com rituximabe, ciclofosfamida, doxorrubicina, vincristina e prednisona (R-CHOP), que apresentou cansaço aos pequenos esforços e aumento da pressão arterial. O ecocardiograma demonstrou disfunção ventricular esquerda leve com hipocinesia difusa e redução da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE), associadas à possível cardiomiotoxicidade da doxorrubicina. O caso foi identificado em uma pesquisa de prontuário e analisado segundo o algoritmo de Naranjo e, em seguida, foi determinada a gravidade das reações adversas cardiovasculares. Conclusão: Este estudo ressalta a importância da busca ativa de eventos cardiovasculares em prontuários de pacientes submetidos à quimioterapia cardiotóxica e do papel da farmacovigilância nesse contexto.
Definition of Forest for REDD+: an Unresolved Issue
Authors: Medrilzam Medrilzam , Dargusch Paul
Published: November 2019

Debate over arrangements for REDD+ in a post-Kyoto climate policy framework has been continuing in United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations; however, no review of the applicability of the existing forest definition to future REDD+ implementation has been undertaken. This paper highlights the need to review the definition of forest, and examines proposals to improve existing definitions. The impacts of the current forestry definition are discussed with reference to Indonesia as a case study. It is concluded that careless definition of selected forest-related terms has had a negative impact on Indonesia’s involvement in the implementation of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) afforestation and reforestation (A/R) projects. In the global context, this paper concludes that there should be clear definitions for definition of forest that are flexible enough to accommodate the various interests of UNFCCC parties. At the national level, each country should specify their forest definition carefully, taking into consideration the guidance provided at the global level and its own forest characteristics and management. Failing to do so can limit the involvement of these nations in future REDD+ schemes and reduce their capacity to mitigate climate change impacts.
Production of Carbon Offsets Using Conservation Agriculture Practices
Authors: Rochecouste Jean-Francois , Dargusch Paul
Published: November 2019

This paper examines opportunities for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to consider financial mechanisms for the uptake of conservation agriculture (CA) practices in developing countries to reverse the loss of soil organic carbon. Conservation agriculture, commonly described as the reduction of tillage, maintaining soil cover and introducing crop rotations, is currently being promoted by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation as the most sustainable form of farming into the future. It was found that the increasing uptake of CA practices by developed countries improved soil organic carbon benefit and reduced energy inputs. Furthermore industrial agriculture has evolved a range of new technologies that can be adapted in developing countries to improve food security, increase environmental benefits and provide carbon offsets. This is in line with the climate change mitigation strategy of putting atmospheric carbon back in the soil to increase soil organic carbon. It is also noted that recognising conservation agriculture methodologies in carbon offset schemes would require the development of alternative economic instruments specifically to support small landholder changes in farming practices such as exist for hydrological and biodiversity ecosystem services schemes. Some of the constraints for small landowners providing agricultural carbon offsets are investment capital and an established trading mechanism that recognises the inherent issues of agriculture. Adaptation of conservation agricultural practices from industrialised agriculture to developing countries is examined along with current offset schemes being proposed in developed countries. A review of the literature examines Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) and suggests a number of methodologies for consideration as part of an offset market. It was found that the two main obstacles in market terms are the acceptance of a level of soil carbon sequestration that can be easily calculated and the degree of attached liability for farmers in selling the equivalent of a Certified Emission Reduction unit from a highly volatile system.
The Economic Drivers and Environmental Outcomes of the Clean Development Mechanism in Vietnam
Authors: Smith Leonard , Dargusch Paul , Thomas Sebastian
Published: November 2019

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is the principal source of carbon offsets in the global market, and is intended to be a key driver of sustainable development and technical transformation in developing countries. The distribution of CDM projects by country has been skewed, with over 75% of registered projects having taken place in just four countries, namely China, India, Brazil and Mexico. A change in this pattern of development may be occurring, however, as smaller developing countries become increasingly active in the carbon market. An example of this is the rapid rise in the number of CDM projects based in Vietnam since early 2009. This paper investigates factors contributing to the growth of CDM projects in Vietnam and describes some of the key features of the projects that have been developed. Hydropower projects are found to dominate new CDM project development in Vietnam. It is suggested that CDM project development in Vietnam may be a tool to support domestic energy security rather than being primarily driven by the intended climate change mitigation and sustainable development objectives of the CDM. It is also possible that Vietnam is emulating the development strategy of China, and may serve as a model for other members of the Least Developed Countries group. A country’s domestic policy choices are critical in determining its attractiveness as a host country for offset projects, and Vietnam’s policy strategies are successfully harnessing synergies between domestic agendas and regulated foreign markets.
The Status of Floristic Analysis of Mt. Pangasugan, Leyte, Philippines – a Conservation Priority Area Classified as “Extremely High Critical”
Authors: Langenberger Gerhard , Belonias Beatriz
Published: November 2019

the island of Leyte in the Eastern Visayas takes a central position between the Philippine main islands of Luzon and Mindanao. It is characterized by the Leyte cordillera, which is part of the Philippine fault line. Within the Leyte cordillera, Mt. Pangasugan takes an exceptional role since it provides a catena from lowland forest remnants on its foothills to mossy forest on its summit at 1158 m a.s.l.. recently, Mt. Pangasugan has been identified as conservation priority area classified as of ‘extremely high critical’ level.
Mt. Pangasugan has been the focus of comprehensive botanical studies within the last few years. We present the current status of the floristic assessment of the mountain and introduce the Visayas state University Herbarium, located at the foot of Mt. Pangasugan, where the majority of collected specimens are deposited. At present, the Herbarium houses c. 6100 specimens, 3000 of them originating from the primary forest of Mt. Pangasugan. based on the present status of specimen processing and identification they represent 115 families, and 418 genera of Angiosperms, 2 families, 2 genera, and 3 species of Gymnosperms, 27 families and 64 genera of Pteridophytes, and 3 classes, 38 genera and 51 species of bryophytes. the number of vascular plant species represented in the VsU Herbarium can safely be estimated at c. 800-1000. Given the small overall sampling area intensively studied so far these figures can be assumed as representing just a fraction of the total floristic richness of the area.
“Rainforestation Farming” – an Appropriate and Applied Ecological Approach for Landscape Rehabilitation and Impact Mitigation of Climate Change in the Humid Tropics
Authors: Göltenboth Friedhelm
Published: November 2019

While the last century was mainly focusing on conservation measures in landscape ecology, the present century has certainly to deal with restoration, rehabilitation and reclamation of entire landscapes.
Aspects and forms of degradation are discussed in this paper showing the complexity of the task ahead for researchers and applied agriculturists.
The tropical forested areas are of special concern under the aspect of their enormous variety of biotopes and biocoenosis and their protective functions and ecological services to man in a given landscape.
The specific responsibility of agro-forestry systems is described and the innovative “Rainforestation Farming” technology for rehabilitation of degraded landscapes in a “near-to-nature” farming system is described.
The gradual transformation of monocultures into highly diverse tree farming systems is discussed and also some aspects of global dimension, like the reduction of carbon dioxide and aspects of carbon sequestration.
Significant Changes Experienced by Adopters of Sustainable Organic Agriculture Technologies in Ormoc City, Philippines
Authors: Corcino Catherine , Cagasan Editha
Published: November 2019

In an effort to help preserve the environment, several organizations have been promoting the use of sustainable organic agriculture (SOA) technologies. Many farmers have already tried adopting one or a combination of these technologies. This study was conducted in Ormoc City, Leyte, Philippines to determine the changes experienced by farmers after adopting the SOA technologies introduced to them by the Rural Development Institute in Leyte, Philippines (RDI-Leyte). Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 30 farmer-adopters in seven villages of the city. To determine significant changes experienced by the farmer-adopters, significant change stories were collected and reviewed following the procedures of the Most Significant Change (MSC) technique outlined by Davies and Dart (2005).
Analysis of the MSC stories revealed that there were three kinds of changes experienced by the technology adopters. These include improved knowledge and skills on organic farming systems, improved food quality, and improved economic conditions. These changes correspond to the objectives of RDI-Leyte in their advocacy on SOA technologies and to higher levels (i.e., levels 5 to 7) in Bennett’s hierarchy of program outcomes. This suggests that the efforts of RDI-Leyte to promote SOA technologies have already made some impacts on the technology adopters’ lives.
Strong Aqueous Gels of Cellulose Nanofibers and Nanowhiskers Isolated from Softwood Flour
Authors: GONG GUAN , MATHEW AJI P. , OKSMAN KRISTIINA
Published: November 2019

Two nanocelluloses (cellulose nanofibers [CNF] and nanowhiskers [CNW]) were extracted from softwood flour using chemical refining followed either by mechanical fibrillation or acid hydrolysis. The CNF slurry formed an opaque gel that exhibited highly coiled and entangled long fibers with widths between 10 and 20 nm when studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The aqueous suspension of the CNW formed a transparent gel with unique morphology of rigid and uniform, whiskerlike structures with widths as low as 1.5–3 nm and lengths in micrometer levels. The viscoelastic properties of these hydrogels with solids content of 0.2 wt% were measured using dynamic rheology experiments. The elastic modulus (G') and viscous modulus (G'') were frequency independent in the low-frequency region. Furthermore, G' was almost 10-fold higher than G'', showing a typical elastic gel behavior. The lower crystallinity obtained from X-ray analysis indicated that the unique structure of CNW from wood could be attributed to the native cellulose being partly dissolved and regenerated during acid hydrolysis.
Thermal gravimetric analysis of in-situ crosslinked nanocellulose whiskers • poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) • polyethylene glycol
Authors: GOETZ LEE A. , MATHEW AJI P. , OKSMAN KRISTIINA , RAGAUSKAS ARTHUR J.
Published: November 2019

The thermal stability and decomposition of in-situ crosslinked nanocellulose whiskers – poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) – polyethylene glycol formulations (PMVEMA-PEG), (25%, 50%, and 75% whiskers) – were investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) methods. The thermal degradation behavior of the films varied according to the percent cellulose whiskers in each formulation. The presence of cellulose whiskers increased the thermal stability of the PMVEMA-PEG matrix.
Oxalic acid pretreatment of rice straw particles and loblolly pine chips: Release of hemicellulosic carbohydrates
Authors: LI XIANJUN , CAI ZHIYONG , HORN ERIC , WINANDY JERROLD E.
Published: November 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of oxalic acid (OA) pretreatment on carbohydrates released from rice straw particles and wood chips. The results showed that OA treatment accelerated carbohydrates extraction from rice straw particles and wood chips. OA pretreatment dramatically increased the amount of carbohydrates extracted, up to 24 times for wood chips and 2.3 times for rice straw particles. Sugars released from the OA-treated rice straw particles and wood chips increased with increasing treatment temperature and duration. OA treatment also improved the primary physical properties of rice straw particleboard and wooden medium density fiberboard (MDF), except for the mechanical strength of MDF. Carbohydrates extracted from rice straw particles and wood chips could be a potential sustainable resource for biofuel or biobased chemicals.
Identifikasi Genangan Banjir yang Terjadi di Kecamatan Cikampek, Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Auliana Izmah Deandra , Wardhani Eka , Nugraha M. Candra
Published: November 2019

Cikampek District is one of the sub-districts in the Karawang Regency located in the Southeast part of the Karawang Regency area. Cikampek sub-district is one of the areas that is growing rapidly due to the development of industrial allotment areas and urban settlements. This study aims to determine the flood inundation that must be addressed immediately. The research method was carried out by observation in the field and interviews with related parties. Based on the results of research in the District of Cikampek, there was inundation with an area of 274 Ha, inundation height of 10-40 cm, drainage time of 3 hours / day, and inundation frequency (9 times / year) due to overflow of secondary drainage channel namely Cikaranggelam River. There are three priority areas that the drainage system must immediately address, namely Desa Cikampek Selatan, Dawuan Tengah and Dawuan Barat.
Kombinasi Rebusan Daun Salam dan Kemangi dalam Menurunkan Kadar Asam Urat Mus musculus
Authors: Nirmala Fahlia , Zumaroh Kholifatuz , Donatomo Novia Afriani , Ngibad Khoirul
Published: November 2019

Indonesia is one of the world�s largest of biodiversity. Especially bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) and basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum). These plants can be used to reduce blood uric acid. This study aimed to determine the optimum dose that could reduce uric acid levels by providing a combination of decoction of basil leaves and bay leaves and to knew the phytochemical compounds that could reduce uric acid levels in basil leaves and bay leaves. The antihiperuricemia activity of boiled bay leaves and basil leaves was tested on male sex mice (Mus musculus) Balb / C strain, aged 8-10 weeks to reveal the effectiveness of bay leaves and basil leaves as blood uric acid-lowering. The dosage of decoction used is 1.5 glasses, 1 glass, and 0.5 glass from the shrinking of the cooking water which was originally 2 glasses. Tests were carried out on mice that experienced hyperuricemia induced by potassium oxonate 250 mg / kg BW or 5 mg / 20 g BB in mice intraperitoneally and mixed chicken liver, sprouts and melinjo. Measuring the level of urate is done using the POCT (Point Of Care Tasting) method. The results showed that combination of boiled bay leaves and basil leaves could reduce blood uric acid levels in mice around 0.5 - 1.0 mg / dl. The activity was effective in both doses, 0.5 glass and 1.5 glasses, but to get a significant decrease in uric acid levels this cooking water had to be consumed regularly and for a longer time.
The Rationality of Antibiotics Use on Inpatient Department of Pediatric in One of the Hospital in Cimahi
Authors: Septiani Vina , Kartidjo Pudjiastuti , Nurdiani Fenny Asri
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to assess the rationality of the use of antibiotics from inpatients in one hospital in Cimahi, West Java. The research about rationality analysis of antibiotics at pediatric inpatient in one of the hospitals in Cimahi was done retrospectively use descriptive analysis design. The data source was the medical record of a patient who treated at the children's inpatient ward from January through March 2017. The result shows that 39% of infected patients were children under one-year-old. Three significant cases of diseases that occurred in the period were bronchopneumonia, typhoid fever, and typhoid fever+bronchopneumonia. Antibiotics therapy was given as single therapy as well as combination, where cefotaxime (51%) and ceftriaxone (42%) were the most antibiotics widely used as single therapy. Antibiotic use at children inpatient ward during the period January � March 2017 on bronchopneumonia, typhoid fever, and typhoid fever + bronchopneumonia patients was not 100% rational referring to criteria: correct diagnosis, correct indication, the correct drug of choice, correct dosage, correct method, and correct time interval of drug administration.
Cover, Content, and Editorial Note from Borneo J Pharm Vol. 2 No. 2 November 2019
Authors: Borneo J Pharm Chief Editor Of
Published: November 2019

Alhamdulillahirabbil �alamin. The next edition of Borneo Journal of Pharmacy (Borneo J Pharm), has been published at November 2019. Starting from this edition, Borneo J Pharm make changes to the template in the article that will be published. The amendment aims to make it easier for readers to observe essential parts of each page of the article. The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field but not limited to Pharmacology-Toxicology, Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Pharmaceutical, Analytical Pharmacy-Medicinal Chemistry, Natural Product Development, Clinical-Community Pharmacy, Management Pharmacy, and other Pharmacy aspects. This edition contains 13 articles consisting of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Pharmaceutical, Analytical Pharmacy-Medicinal Chemistry, Natural Product Development, and Clinical-Community Pharmacy topics. Editorial boards are fully aware that there are still room for improvement in this edition, hence with all humility willing to accept constructive suggestions and feedback for improvements to the publication for the next editions. The editorial board would like to thank the University, all editors and reviewers, and contributors of the scientific articles who have provided the repetoire in this issue. We hope that all parties, especially the contributors of the articles, could re-participate for the success of the publication in the next edition on May 2020
Gagmonization of the musculo-fascial system of young children with spastic syndrome of motor disorders
Authors: Moga Nikolai
Published: November 2019

The article discusses in detail the third conditional correctional vector of the general author’s rehabilitation strategy for young children with spastic syndrome of motor disorders – the methodological possibilities of harmonizing their musculo-fascial system. Previously, the state of the main paired myofascial lines was analyzed through the prism of spastic syndrome: the superficial frontal line, the superficial posterior line, two lateral lines, two spiral lines, two paired lines of hands. The basis for the correction of the state of muscle imbalance against the background of the existing spastic syndrome was taken diagonal fascial gymnastics (DFG) by Pac-Jee Woo, which harmonizes the state of the muscles – the antagonist. The main techniques of this technique are alternate stretching of the muscles, their compression, and then twisting along diagonal directions in different segments of the body when alternating with
the central, middle directions of corrective actions. Such an approach resembles spiraling movements and is a universal structural model for the development of life. The basic methodological provisions of the FGD were adapted in accordance with the solution of the problems of correction of spastic-type motor disorders in young children, based on bonding techniques and the necessary theatricalization of the correction process. It is this unique combination that makes it possible to largely overcome the fear of bodily manipulations and pain that exists in children of this
age. Additionally, vibration-wave technique exercises with muscles were applied. With the help of an adapted version of the diagonal fascial gymnastics, it is possible to achieve a higher degree of efficiency in correcting existing motor disorders of the spastic type. Prospects for the study of this problem are in line with the search for new techniques for adapting DFG to physical rehabilitation of young children in combination with a physical bonding background and on the basis of emotional and energetic saturation of motor and gaming activities.
Professional position as a scientific phenomenon
Authors: Prima Dmitro
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes the scientific approaches to the treatment of a professional position as a scientific phenomenon. It is noted that the conceptual-categorical dimension of the study of the problem of formation of a professional position as a scientific phenomenon lies in the plane of the characteristics of such concepts as
«position» («position of the person»), «pedagogical position» («position of the teacher»), «professional position» the need for clarification regarding their interpretation. It was found out that in the reference journals, the notion of «position» is regarded as developing, a multi-dimensional education as a point of view, attitude to something
that determines the nature of behavior, action; the nature of the actions caused by this attitude. It is stated that the position in psychology means the official position of a person in one or another subsystem of relations, reflects the dominant and selective attitude of a person to what is essential to it. It is noted that the formation of a position goes through its expansion, awareness and differentiation, one of the manifestations of which is gradually crystallizing professional position. It is generalized that despite the differences in the definition of this definition by different authors, the general definition is a position as a specialist’s attitude to the profession and to itself within it, which is manifested in activity, and a professional position as a person-professional quality, which is formed in the process of learning and is based on development of value-semantic relations to the pedagogical profession, determines the individual style of professional activity of the teacher.
Lecture-visualization as the form of the psychological and pedagogical supply of formation of professional and methodic integrity of future learners of preschool education institutions
Authors: Rudenko Yuliia
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of the use of lecture-visualization in the psychological and pedagogical support of the formation of professional and methodological orientation of future teachers of preschool education institutions. The purpose of the article is to define the essence of the concept «lecture-visualization»; to substantiate the psychological and pedagogical, methodological, linguodidactic potential of the lecture-visualization, the need for its use in vocational education of future educators; to identify the main stages of preparation of a higher school teacher for a lecture-visualization, to describe the main structural elements of a lecture-visualization. The article focuses on the advantages of the lecture-visualization (the possibility of visual perception of theoretical material; increasing the motivation to learn the educational material; interactive communication in the student-teacher system, the development of skills for creative understanding of visual information and the subsequent use of their professional activities;). Lecture-visualization is defined in the study as a form of education in higher education, one of the components of the
methodological support for the formation of professional and methodological orientation of future teachers of preschool education institutions, which contributes to: increasing the motivation for speech education / self-education; development of skills of visual perception, processing, analysis synthesis of the information obtained; subject-subject interaction of a higher education teacher and students; development of creative activity and cognitive independence of students; the formation of special, subject-specific competences, namely the professional-vocational competence of
future educators of pre-school education institutions. The prospect of further scientific developments of this problematic is assumed in the description of the content of lectures-visualizations of such courses as: «Speech culture and expressive reading», «Methods of organizing artistic and speech activity of children in pre-school educational institutions», «Preschool linguodidactics», «Methods of teaching Ukrainian language of children preschool age», «Methods of familiarizing children with Ukrainian folk studies in preschool education institutions».
Korean parents’ perceptions of the challenges and needs on school re-entry during or after childhood and adolescent cancer: a multi-institutional survey by Korean Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology
Authors: Lee Jun Ah , Lee Jae Min , Park Hyeon Jin , Park Meerim , Park Byung Kiu , Ju Hee Young , Kim Ji Yoon , Park Sang Kyu , Lee Young Ho , Shim Ye Jee , Kim Heung Sik , Park Kyung Duk , Lim Yeon-Jung , Chueh Hee Won , Park Ji Kyoung , Kim Soon Ki , Choi Hyoung Soo , Ahn Hyo Seop , Hah Jeong Ok , Kang Hyoung Jin , Shin Hee Young , Lee Mee Jeong
Published: November 2019

Background: For children and adolescents with cancer, going back to school is a key milestone in returning to “normal life.”Purpose: To identify the support vital for a successful transition, we evaluated the parents’ needs and the challenges they face when their children return to school.Methods: This multi-institutional study was conducted by the Korean Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. The written survey comprised 24 questions and was completed by 210 parents without an interviewer.Results: Most parents (165 of 206) reported that their children experienced difficulties with physical status (n=60), peer relationships (n=30), academic performance (n=27), emotional/behavioral issues (n=11), and relationships with teachers (n=4) on reentering school. Parents wanted to be kept informed about and remain involved in their children’s school lives and reported good parent-teacher communication (88 of 209, 42.1%). Parents reported that 83.1% and 44.9% of teachers and peers, respectively, displayed an adequate understanding of their children’s condition. Most parents (197 of 208) answered that a special program is necessary to facilitate return to school after cancer therapy that offers emotional support (n=85), facilitates social adaptation (n=61), and provides tutoring to accelerate catch up (n=56), and continued health care by hospital outreach and school personnel (n=50).Conclusion: In addition to scholastic aptitude-oriented programs, emotional and psychosocial support is necessary for a successful return to school. Pediatric oncologists should actively improve oncology practices to better integrate individualized school plans and educate peers and teachers to improve health literacy to aid them in understanding the needs of children with cancer.
HelloCare: APLIKASI MANAJEMEN PENGETAHUAN BERBASIS ANDROID UNTUK TENAGA KESEHATAN
Authors: Hayurani Herika , Hamnah Hamnah , Rachmawati Ummi Azizah , Suherlan Elan
Published: November 2019

Technology Development in the health sector is one of the main targets in mobile application development today. Sharing knowledge and experience among health workers are challenging to implement because of the lack of a place to exchange their ideas. Based on this background, we built a HelloCare application on the Android platform as an application of knowledge management for health workers. Testing of the application using the System Usability Scale (SUS) to 30 respondents consisting of nurses and physicians, the result of effectiveness is 80.88% as for satisfaction is 96.16%. We also test the application using knowledge management functions and get the average result at score 3.33871 of 5. It means that the HelloCare application is good enough to support knowledge management in the health area. Keywords: knowledge management, mobile application, health workers
The Glycation Products Before and After Therapy for Acute and Chronic Pain
Authors: ROKYTA R. , LEJČKO J. , HOUDEK K. , TREFIL L. , NEDVÍDEK J. , FRICOVÁ J. , HOLEČEK V.
Published: November 2019

Pain increased the number of free radicals in the body. Previously, we studied changes mainly in oxygen and nitroxide free radicals and described these changes relative to the lipids and saccharides. In this article we focus on changes relative to proteins. Assessment of AGE products (advanced glycation end-products) was carried out by measuring fluorescence. Patients were divided into two groups: 15 patients with acute pain and 17 patients with chronic pain. Acute pain was associated with a variety of surgical procedures and patients were examined before and after surgical procedures. The group of patients with chronic pain suffered from various types of chronic pain, but mainly back pain. In patients with acute pain, total protein (TP) decreased after surgery, as did the level of AGE and the AGE/TP ratio. Nonetheless, post-operative pain increased. In patients with chronic pain, neither total protein, AGE, or AGE/TP changed, despite significant pain relief being reported after treatment. Changes in proteins, as biochemical markers, before and after pain treatment did not show any significant changes. In patients with acute pain, the recorded changes only lasted for 3-5 days after the operation. While in chronic pain, there were no significant changes at all. The assumption that changes in proteins, as biomarkers, would have the same importance as changes in lipids and saccharides was not proven.
Variability of Mitochondrial Respiration in Relation to Sepsis-Induced Multiple Organ Dysfunction
Authors: KOHOUTOVÁ M. , DEJMEK J. , TŮMA Z. , KUNCOVÁ J.
Published: November 2019

Ample experimental evidence suggests that sepsis could interfere with any mitochondrial function; however, the true role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction is still a matter of controversy. This review is primarily focused on mitochondrial oxygen consumption in various animal models of sepsis in relation to human disease and potential sources of variability in experimental results documenting decrease, increase or no change in mitochondrial respiration in various organs and species. To date, at least three possible explanations of sepsis-associated dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory system and consequently impaired energy production have been suggested: 1. Mitochondrial dysfunction is secondary to tissue hypoxia. 2. Mitochondria are challenged by various toxins or mediators of inflammation that impair oxygen utilization (cytopathic hypoxia). 3. Compromised mitochondrial respiration could be an active measure of survival strategy resembling stunning or hibernation. To reveal the true role of mitochondria in sepsis, sources of variability of experimental results based on animal species, models of sepsis, organs studied, or analytical approaches should be identified and minimized by the use of appropriate experimental models resembling human sepsis, wider use of larger animal species in preclinical studies, more detailed mapping of interspecies differences and organ-specific features of oxygen utilization in addition to use of complex and standardized protocols evaluating mitochondrial respiration.
Beneficial Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Adult Porcine Cardiomyocytes in Non-Contact Co-Culture
Authors: MIKLÍKOVÁ M. , JARKOVSKÁ D. , ČEDÍKOVÁ M. , ŠVÍGLEROVÁ J. , KUNCOVÁ J. , NALOS L. , KUBÍKOVÁ T. , LIŠKA V. , HOLUBOVÁ M. , LYSÁK D. , KRÁLÍČKOVÁ M. , VIŠTEJNOVÁ L. , ŠTENGL M.
Published: November 2019

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to improve survival of cardiomyocytes (CMCs) and overall regeneration of cardiac tissue. Despite promising preclinical results, interactions of MSCs and CMCs, both direct and indirect, remain unclear. In this study, porcine bone marrow MSCs and freshly isolated porcine primary adult CMCs were used for non-contact co-culture experiments. Morphology, viability and functional parameters of CMCs were measured over time and compared between CMCs cultured alone and CMCs co-cultured with MSCs. In non-contact co-culture, MSCs improved survival of CMCs. CMCs co-cultured with MSCs maintained CMCs morphology and viability in significantly higher percentage than CMCs cultured alone. In viable CMCs, mitochondrial respiration was preserved in both CMCs cultured alone and in CMCs co-cultured with MSCs. Comparison of cellular contractility and calcium handling, measured in single CMCs, revealed no significant differences between viable CMCs from co-culture and CMCs cultured alone. In conclusion, non-contact co-culture of porcine MSCs and CMCs improved survival of CMCs with a sufficient preservation of functional and mitochondrial parameters.
PELAKSANAAN SUPERVISI AKADEMIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM MENYUSUN TES HASIL BELAJAR BERBASIS KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS
Authors: Sungep Sungep
Published: November 2019

This study refers to the teacher's competence in compiling tests of learning outcomes that are still low and seems to be a condition for the availability of the test only, even though the test is used as a benchmark for students' abilities after experiencing the learning process. For this reason, this study aims to guide teachers in developing learning outcomes tests, especially those based on critical thinking skills. This research is a classroom action research conducted on 24 teachers of 006 Pontian Mekar Elementary School. The research will be carried out from July to August 2019. Data analysis uses observation sheets. The results showed an increase in teacher competency in preparing critical thinking skills learning outcomes test with a percentage in the construction aspect I of 72% with a quite appropriate category to 85% which is included in the appropriate category, in the material aspect in the cycle I gained a percentage of 75% which is a category quite appropriate increased to reach 87% which is classified in the category of very appropriate, and for aspects of language also increased from 68% in the first cycle increased to 82% in the second cycle. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of academic supervision can improve teacher competence in compiling tests of learning outcomes based on critical thinking skills