bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
70 Comparison of MCCB Autocorrelations Between Schizophrenia and Healthy Comparison Populations
Authors: Henneke Max , Sturm Emily T. , Duffy John R. , Sares Anastasia , Mendez-Colmenares Andrea , Sarabia Lauren , Delao Eve , Mitchell Tessa , Manavi Raana , Thomas Michael L.
Published: December 2023

Objective:

Deficits in cognitive ability are common among patients with schizophrenia. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was designed to assess cognitive ability in studies of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and has demonstrated high test-retest reliability with minimal practice effects, even in multi-site trials. However, given the motivational challenges associated with schizophrenia, it is unknown whether performance on MCCB tasks affects performance at later stages of testing. The goal of this study was to determine whether there are differences between people with and without schizophrenia in how their performance on individual MCCB tasks influences their performance throughout the battery.

Participants and Methods:

The sample comprised 92 total participants including 49 cognitively healthy comparison participants and 43 outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia. The mean age of participants was 44.2 years (SD = 12.0, range 21–69) and 61% identified as male. The Trail Making Test, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test – Revised, Letter-Number Span, and Category Fluency from the MCCB were administered in the same order at 2 different sites and studies from 2016–2022. The autocorrelation between t-scores for task scores within each participant was computed and then compared between control and outpatient participants to determine if there are differences between groups. Group mean t-scores for each task were also compared between groups.

Results:

We found no significant difference in autocorrelations across MCCB tasks between healthy comparison participants and outpatients. However, mean performance in all tasks was lower for the outpatient group than for the healthy comparison group. None of the tasks used stood out as having significantly lower mean scores than other tasks for either group.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that performance on individual MCCB tasks do not affect performance throughout the battery differently between the healthy comparison group and outpatients. This suggests that participants with schizophrenia are not particularly reactive to past performance on MCCB tasks. Additionally, this finding further supports use of the MCCB in this population. Further research is needed to determine whether subgroups of patients and/or different batteries of measures show different patterns of reactivity.
11 Adaptation of the Children’s Cognitive Screening Instrument (CCoSI) for use with Video Teleconferencing
Authors: Amawi Laila , Marsh Alexander , Bishop Molly , Wright Ingram
Published: December 2023

Objective:

The CCoSI is a brief screening instrument that is designed to detect cognitive impairment in children aged 5y0m-16y11m shortly after acquired brain injury (ABI) by evaluating language, fluency, attention, memory, and visuospatial domains. Each domain translates to a CCoSI index and is composed of a series of brief subtests. This study assessed the feasibility of modifying the Children’s Cognitive Screening Instrument (CCoSI) into an electronic version (eCCoSI) and administering it using video teleconferencing (VTC).

Participants and Methods:

Tasks and stimuli were modified for online administration. Typically developing children aged 5y0m-16y11 m were tested using the modified eCCoSI via VTC. The eCCoSI was administered using Skype for Business and Microsoft Teams. Participants attended one 25-minute video assessment session over either platform. Results of VTC-assessed healthy controls were compared to age-matched peers ([25] Female: [19] Male; mean age = [11.54], SD = [3.01], age range =5.00-15.75) who had been previously tested face-to-face (FTF) with the original CCoSI at the Bristol Royal Hospital for Children (BRHC).

Age-related trends in performance were also examined across FTF and VTC for comparability.

Results:

44 typically developing children were virtually assessed ([25] Female: [19] Male; mean age = [11.79], SD = [3.03], age range =5.05-16.92). Results from a 2x2 ANOVA with age-group and modality as independent factors showed no significant difference in performance between participants tested FTF and VTC over the CCoSI Attention, Fluency, Language, Memory, and Visuospatial indices. No significant result of interaction between age and modality was found; however, there was a significant result of age-group.

Conclusions:

VTC assessment is a feasible alternative to FTF administration of the CCoSI within healthy controls. Results from the present study are promising for the use of the eCCoSI in clinical practice. Further research should attempt to replicate these results within clinical populations.
31 Investigating Race and Performance on the Verbal Naming Test
Authors: Jeffrey Mary , Wilson Kelsey , Yochim Brian
Published: December 2023

Objective:

Dysnomia may be one of the earlier neuropsychological signs of Alzheimer’ disease (Cullum & Liff, 2014), making it an essential part of dementia evaluations. The Verbal Naming (VNT) is a verbal naming-to-definition task designed to assess possible dysnomia in older adults (Yochim et al., 2015) and has been used as an alternative to tasks that predominately rely on picture-naming paradigms. These researchers investigated the influences of age, educational level, cognitive diagnosis, educational quality, and race to examine if race would be a remaining significant factor in the performance of the VNT.

Participants and Methods:

Black (n=57) and White (n=127) participant data were collected during clinical neuropsychological evaluations, which included the VNT alongside other cognitive measures. A multiple regression was utilized controlling for age, educational level, cognitive diagnosis, educational quality via reading level, and race to investigate if race would remain a significant predictor of test performance.

Results:

Results suggested that race was still a significant predictor (p = .003) of VNT scores despite efforts to control other sources of variance. Additionally, other cognitive measures such as WAIS-IV Block Design (p = .004) and D-KEFS Tower Test (p = .004) also showed statistically significant relationships with race in the same model, whereas verbal memory (CVLT) and verbal fluency (D-KEFS) did not. The NAB Naming analysis violated the assumption of homoscedasticity; therefore, results with the NAB Naming test were not further interpreted.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that race is a significant predictor of performance on some cognitive measures, including the VNT. However, it did not predict performance on verbal memory or verbal fluency. Future investigations of racial differences on neuropsychological test performance would benefit from consideration of variables that may account for discrepancies between White and Black examinees. Several proxy variables could include educational quality, acculturation, and economic status.
32 Elevated Plasma pTau-181 is Associated with Lower Global Cognition and Executive Function in Older Adults
Authors: Kapoor Arunima , Ho Jean K , Dutt Shubir , Li Yanrong , Alitin John P , Jang Jung Yun , Gaubert Aimee , Nguyen Amy , Yew Belinda , Blanken Anna E , Sible Isabel J , Marshall Anisa , Shenasa Fatemah , Martini Alessandra , Rodgers Kathleen E , Head Elizabeth , Nation Daniel A
Published: December 2023

Objective:

Aggregation of phosphorylated tau (pTau) is a hallmark feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Novel assays now allow pTau to be measured in plasma. Elevated plasma pTau predicts subsequent development of AD, cortical atrophy and AD-related pathologies in the brain. We aimed to determine whether elevated pTau is associated with cognitive functioning in older adults prior to the development of dementia.

Participants and Methods:

Independently living older adults (N = 48, mean age = 70.0 years; SD = 7.7; age range 55-88 years; 35.4% male) free of dementia or clinical stroke were recruited from the community and underwent blood draw and neuropsychological assessment. Plasma was assayed using the Quanterix Simoa® pTau-181 V2 Advantage Kit to quantify pTau-181 levels and APOE genotyping was conducted on the blood cell pellet fraction obtained from plasma separation. Global cognition was assessed using the Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS-2) and executive function was assessed using the Stroop, D-KEFS-2 Fluency, and Trails Making Test. Diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was determined based on overall neuropsychological performance. Participants were diagnosed as MCI if they scored >1 SD below norm-referenced values on 2 or more tests within a domain (language, executive, memory) or on 3 tests across domains.

Results:

Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative association between plasma pTau-181 levels and DRS-2 (B = -2.57, 95% CI (-3.68, -1.47), p <.001), Stroop Color-Word score (B = -2.64, 95% CI (-4.56, - 0.71), p = .009) and Fruits and Vegetables Fluency (B = -1.67, 95% CI (-2.84, -0.49), p = .007), adjusting for age, sex, education and APOE4 status. MCI diagnosis was determined for 43 participants, of which 8 (18.6%) met criteria. Logistic regression analysis revealed that pTau-181 levels are associated with increased odds of MCI diagnosis (OR = 2.18, 95% CI (1.01, 4.68), p = .046), after accounting for age, sex, education and APOE4 status.

Conclusions:

Elevated plasma pTau-181 is associated with worse cognition, particularly executive function, and predicts MCI diagnosis in older adults. Higher plasma pTau-181 was associated with increased odds of MCI diagnosis. Detection of pTau-181 in plasma allows a novel, non-invasive method to detect burden of one form of AD pathology. These findings lend support to the use of plasma pTau-181 as a valuable marker in detecting even early cognitive changes prior to the development of AD. Additional longitudinal studies are warranted to explore the prognostic value of plasma pTau-181 over time.
RIGID STABLE VECTOR BUNDLES ON HYPERKÄHLER VARIETIES OF TYPE
$K3^{[n]}$
Authors: O’Grady Kieran G.
Published: December 2023

We prove existence and unicity of slope-stable vector bundles on a general polarized hyperkähler (HK) variety of type
$K3^{[n]}$
with certain discrete invariants, provided the rank and the first two Chern classes of the vector bundle satisfy certain equalities. The latter hypotheses at first glance appear to be quite restrictive, but, in fact, we might have listed almost all slope-stable rigid projectively hyperholomorphic vector bundles on polarized HK varieties of type
$K3^{[n]}$
with
$20$
moduli.
“I’m Done”: A patient’s wish and will to die
Authors: Ancy Kayley M. , Azhar Ahsan , Guzman Gutierrez Diana , Bruera Eduardo
Published: December 2023

Background

A desire for hastened death is commonly expressed by cancer patients. Although efforts to define and explore this issue have been undertaken, no standardized approach exists to address these desires.

Case description

Ms. J expressed a wish for accelerated death and subsequently experienced unexpected clinical decline resulting in a quick, natural death. Our team experienced a mixture of both emotional distress and awe after witnessing the pragmatic approach our patient had to her impending decline, that we felt was worthy of further exploration.

Conclusion

Most clinicians lack formal training in communication, potentially making cases like Ms. J’s highly distressing. Clinicians should feel comfortable addressing and potentially inquiring about patients’ desire to hasten death. While our initial reaction might be to correct this desire, we propose reframing this expression as an opportunity to explore more about our patients.
Freiwilliger Verzicht auf Nahrung und Flüssigkeit: Die Angehörigenperspektive
Authors: Walder Fabienne , Kobleder Andrea
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Unerträgliche Leidenszustände können einen frühzeitigen Sterbewunsch hervorrufen. Freiwilliger Verzicht auf Nahrung und Flüssigkeit (FVNF) ist ein möglicher Weg, um den Sterbewunsch autonom zu realisieren. Angehörige nehmen bei der FVNF-Begleitung eine bedeutsame Rolle ein. Bisher ist unklar, wie sie den Begleitungsprozess erleben. Ziel: Die Arbeit zielt darauf ab, Erfahrungen der begleitenden Angehörigen systematisch zu erfassen. Methode: Im Rahmen eines integrativen Reviews fand eine Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken MEDLINE®, CINAHL® und PsychINFO® statt, ebenso eine ergänzende Recherche. Die Selektion basierte auf definierten Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien. Die Synthese erfolgte anhand eines themenbezogenen Modells. Ergebnisse: Aus den vier eingeschlossenen Studien ging hervor, dass die begleitenden Angehörigen den Sterbewunsch akzeptierten. Bis zum Tod der sterbewilligen Person verteidigten sie verantwortungsvoll und anwaltschaftlich die Realisierung dieses Wunsches. Infolge ihres fürsorglichen Engagements vernachlässigten sie ihre eigenen Bedürfnisse. Die Mehrheit der Angehörigen bewerteten die Begleitung als friedlich und würdevoll. Schlussfolgerung: Die Begleitung im FVNF-Prozess stellt für die Angehörigen eine emotionale Gratwanderung mit ungewohnten Herausforderungen dar. Die Ergebnisse können zu einem vertieften Verständnis der Angehörigenbedürfnisse beitragen und die Ableitung passender Unterstützungsangebote anregen.
Winter Cloudy Days Will Diminish Over China Under Global Warming
Authors: Tan Hui , Zhu Zhiwei , Miao Lijuan , Long Jingchao
Published: December 2023

Changes in winter cloudy days (CDs) exert substantial impacts on agricultural production, public transport, and the solar photovoltaic (PV) power industry. However, the physical mechanism behind the variability of winter CDs over China remains largely unclear, making it challenging to predict the future dynamics of winter CDs. In this study, we explored the spatiotemporal features of winter CDs over China from 1961 to 2013 and identified two independent formation mechanisms associated with its leading mode. Then, we projected the future changes (2021–2099) in winter CDs under global warming constrained by the identified formation mechanisms. Results revealed that: (a) The leading mode of winter CDs from 1961 to 2013 presents a homogeneous pattern. The positive winter CDs anomaly is connected to the anomalous southerlies related to the Eurasian Rossby wave train triggered by the Barents Sea thermal forcing, as well as the Asia‐Pacific zonal geopotential height gradient induced by the convection over the Maritime Continent; (b) Selected state‐of‐the‐art climate models project a notable decrease in winter CDs in the Tibetan Plateau and southern China regions, and almost unchanged winter CDs over northern China, under global warming; (c) In contrast to present‐day mechanisms, in the future, the shift of the Eurasian mean flow will terminate the role of the Barents Sea thermal forcing. Instead, the enhanced convection over the Maritime Continent emerges as the primary contributor to the decline in winter CDs. Our findings provide valuable insights for policymakers in the solar PV industry, particularly in relation to the challenges faced under global warming.
Modeling Ice Melt Rates From Seawater Intrusions in the Grounding Zone of Petermann Gletscher, Greenland
Authors: Gadi R. , Rignot E. , Menemenlis D.
Published: December 2023

Satellite radar interferometry data reveals that the grounding line of Petermann Glacier, Greenland migrates by several kilometers during the tidal cycle, bringing pressurized, subsurface, warm ocean waters in regular contact with a large sector of grounded ice. We use the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model in two dimensions to calculate the ice melt rates as a function of grounding zone (GZ) length and ocean Thermal Forcing (TF). Ice melt rates are found to be higher in the GZ cavity than anywhere else in the ice shelf cavity. The melt rates increase sub‐linearly with the length of the GZ and ocean TF. The model results agree well with remote sensing estimates of ice melt. High basal ice melt rates in tidally flushed grounding zones imply that marine‐terminating glaciers are more sensitive to ocean TF than anticipated, which will increase their projected contribution to sea level rise.
Efficient Resonant Fast‐Alfvén Wave Coupling as a Minimization Principle
Authors: Wright Andrew N.
Published: December 2023

The resonant coupling of the fast magnetosonic wave to the Alfvén wave is considered in the ideal magnetohydrodynamic limit in a 3D equilibrium. It has previously been shown that the most efficient coupling occurs on particular paths that satisfy the “tangential alignment condition” (Wright et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja030294). In this article we show how this criterion is equivalent to a minimization principle which may lead to a deeper understanding of the physics of the wave coupling process.
A Complex Region of Europa's Surface With Hints of Recent Activity Revealed by Juno's Stellar Reference Unit
Authors: Becker Heidi N. , Lunine Jonathan I. , Schenk Paul M. , Florence Meghan M. , Brennan Martin J. , Hansen Candice J. , Martos Yasmina M. , Bolton Scott J. , Alexander James W.
Published: December 2023

On 29 September 2022 Juno's low‐light sensitive Stellar Reference Unit (SRU) captured a high‐resolution (256–340 m/pixel) broadband (450–1,100 nm) visible image of Europa's icy surface during the first close flyby of the Jovian moon since Galileo's last encounter in 2000. Collected at a sub‐spacecraft altitude of 412 km while the surface was illuminated only by Jupiter‐shine (incidence angle: 48–51°), the SRU image reveals a 3 × 104 km2 region between ∼0°–6°N and 43.5°–51°W in remarkable detail at the highest resolution to date. Prior coverage by Galileo under high‐sun conditions at 1 km resolution led to the characterization of the terrain as ridged plains with undifferentiated linea. The SRU image reveals a much richer and more complex picture. Intricate networks of cross‐cutting ridges and lineated bands surround an intriguing 37 km (east‐west) by 67 km (north‐south) chaos feature with a concentric fracture system, depressed matrix margins, and low‐albedo materials potentially associated with brine infiltration. The morphology and local relief of the chaos feature are consistent with formation in the collapse of ice overlying a salt‐rich lens of subsurface water. Low‐albedo deposits, similar to features previously associated with hypothesized cryovolcanic plume activity, flank nearby ridges. The SRU's high‐resolution view of many types of features in a single image allows us to explore their regional context and greatly improve the geologic mapping of this part of Europa's surface. The image reveals several relatively youthful features in a potentially dynamic region, providing baselines for candidate locations that future missions can investigate for present day surface activity.
Impact Behavior of Dense Debris Flows Regulated by Pore‐Pressure Feedback
Authors: Song Dongri , Chen Xiaoqing , Sadeghi Hamed , Zhong Wei , Hu Huawei , Liu Wei
Published: December 2023

The impact dynamics of dilute debris flows (typically volumetric solid fractions<50%) have been extensively investigated within the framework of hydraulics. For dense debris flows, the impact mechanisms have been poorly studied. From a geotechnical viewpoint, the feedback between granular dilatancy and pore‐pressure response may play an important role in the dense debris‐flow regime. In this study, the impact behavior of dense and dilute debris flows in an instrumented flume is analyzed. The basal stresses (normal/shear stresses, pore‐fluid pressure) and impact pressure on a rigid barrier are measured. A time‐dependent creeping mode is observed for the impact process of slow‐moving dense debris flows, which cannot be accurately estimated using current debris‐flow load models. At the grain scale, this macroscopic creeping mode is a result of the feedback between granular dilatancy and pore‐pressure response. This feedback can be further characterized by examining the timescales associated with pore‐pressure generation and dissipation. The regulation of pore‐pressure feedback on basal shear stress, impact load, and state of static deposit is revealed. Finally, a tentative phase diagram is proposed for dense and dilute debris‐flow impact. The proposed framework complements the theory for debris‐flow impact loads.
Train, Inform, Borrow, or Combine? Approaches to Process‐Guided Deep Learning for Groundwater‐Influenced Stream Temperature Prediction
Authors: Barclay J. R. , Topp S. N. , Koenig L. E. , Sleckman M. J. , Appling A. P.
Published: December 2023

Although groundwater discharge is a critical stream temperature control process, it is not explicitly represented in many stream temperature models, an omission that may reduce predictive accuracy, hinder management of aquatic habitat, and decrease user confidence. We assessed the performance of a previously‐described process‐guided deep learning model of stream temperature in the Delaware River Basin (USA). We found lower accuracy (root mean square error [RMSE] of 1.71 versus 1.35°C) and stronger seasonal bias (absolute mean monthly bias of 1.06 vs. 0.68°C) for reaches primarily influenced by deep groundwater as compared to atmospheric conditions. We then tested four approaches for improving groundwater process representation: (a) a custom loss function leveraging the unique patterns of air and water temperature coupling characteristic of different temperature drivers, (b) inclusion of additional groundwater‐relevant catchment attributes, (c) incorporation of additional process model outputs, and (d) a composite model. The custom loss function and the additional attributes significantly improved the predictive accuracy in groundwater‐dominated reaches (RMSE of 1.37 and 1.26°C) and reduced the seasonal bias (absolute mean monthly bias of 0.44 and 0.48°C), but neither approach could identify holdout groundwater reaches. Variable importance analysis indicates the custom loss function nudges the model to use the existing inputs more efficiently, whereas with the added features the model relies on a broader suite of inputs. This analysis is a substantial step toward more accurately representing groundwater discharge processes in stream temperature models and will improve predictive accuracy and inform habitat management.
Inverse Modeling of Core Flood Experiments for Predictive Models of Sandstone and Carbonate Rocks
Authors: An Senyou , Wenck Nele , Manoorkar Sojwal , Berg Steffen , Taberner Conxita , Pini Ronny , Krevor Samuel
Published: December 2023

Field‐scale observations suggest that rock heterogeneities control subsurface fluid flow, and these must be characterized for accurate predictions of fluid migration, such as during CO2 sequestration. Recent efforts characterizing multiphase flow in heterogeneous rocks have focused on simulation‐based inversion of laboratory observations with X‐ray imaging. However, models produced in this way have been limited in their predictive ability for heterogeneous rocks. We address the main challenges in this approach through an algorithm that combines new developments: a 3‐parameter capillary pressure model, spatial heterogeneity in absolute permeability, improved image processing to capture more experimental data in the calibration, and the constraint of history match iterations based on marginal error improvement. We demonstrate the improvements on two sandstones and three carbonate rocks, with varying heterogeneity, some of which could not be previously modeled. The algorithm results in physically representative models of the rock cores, reducing non‐systematic error to a level comparable to the experimental uncertainty.
Reinterpreting Global GRACE Trends Based on Century‐Long GRACE‐REC Data
Authors: Zhong Yulong , Tian Baoming , Vishwakarma Bramha Dutt , Feng Wei , Wu Yunlong , Bai Hongbing , Zhong Min
Published: December 2023

Assessing changes in freshwater availability accurately is crucial for societal development. Previous studies have examined long‐term variations in basin‐scale terrestrial water storage (TWS) using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission data. However, different basins exhibit distinct spatial and temporal TWS variation patterns. To better interpret the TWS trends in each basin during the GRACE era (2003–2016), this study proposes a novel criterion based on a century‐long GRACE‐REC data set. This criterion assesses the trends in GRACE TWS (TrendG), precipitation‐induced trends (TrendPI), and non‐precipitation‐induced trends (TrendNPI) over the GRACE period. By calculating upper and lower bound values for long‐term climate‐driven TWS trends using GRACE‐REC data, an indicator is provided to evaluate the range of TWS trend variations in a basin under natural conditions. Results reveal that among the 266 global basins analyzed in this study, the trends (TrendG, TrendPI, or TrendNPI) in 115 basins exceed the maximum or minimum water storage trends associated with natural climate variability. This includes 20 large basins, 34 medium basins, and 61 small basins, indicating significant TWS changes during the GRACE period. Furthermore, we analyze the driving mechanisms of TWS trends in the 20 large basins using multi‐source data. The mechanisms identified through this method align well with both our analysis and previous studies, confirming the reliability of this approach for assessing TWS trends.
Ethanol’s interaction with BK channel α subunit residue K361 does not mediate behavioral responses to alcohol in mice
Authors: Okhuarobo Agbonlahor , Kreifeldt Max , Gandhi Pauravi J. , Lopez Catherine , Martinez Briana , Fleck Kiera , Bajo Michal , Bhattacharyya Pushpita , Dopico Alex M. , Roberto Marisa , Roberts Amanda J. , Homanics Gregg E. , Contet Candice
Published: December 2023

Large conductance potassium (BK) channels are among the most sensitive molecular targets of ethanol and genetic variations in the channel-forming α subunit have been nominally associated with alcohol use disorders. However, whether the action of ethanol at BK α influences the motivation to drink alcohol remains to be determined. To address this question, we first tested the effect of systemically administered BK channel modulators on voluntary alcohol consumption in C57BL/6J males. Penitrem A (blocker) exerted dose-dependent effects on moderate alcohol intake, while paxilline (blocker) and BMS-204352 (opener) were ineffective. Because pharmacological manipulations are inherently limited by non-specific effects, we then sought to investigate the behavioral relevance of ethanol’s direct interaction with BK α by introducing in the mouse genome a point mutation known to render BK channels insensitive to ethanol while preserving their physiological function. The BK α K361N substitution prevented ethanol from reducing spike threshold in medial habenula neurons. However, it did not alter acute responses to ethanol in vivo, including ataxia, sedation, hypothermia, analgesia, and conditioned place preference. Furthermore, the mutation did not have reproducible effects on alcohol consumption in limited, continuous, or intermittent access home cage two-bottle choice paradigms conducted in both males and females. Notably, in contrast to previous observations made in mice missing BK channel auxiliary β subunits, the BK α K361N substitution had no significant impact on ethanol intake escalation induced by chronic intermittent alcohol vapor inhalation. It also did not affect the metabolic and locomotor consequences of chronic alcohol exposure. Altogether, these data suggest that the direct interaction of ethanol with BK α does not mediate the alcohol-related phenotypes examined here in mice.
ABCA7 deficiency causes neuronal dysregulation by altering mitochondrial lipid metabolism
Authors: Kawatani Keiji , Holm Marie-Louise , Starling Skylar C. , Martens Yuka A. , Zhao Jing , Lu Wenyan , Ren Yingxue , Li Zonghua , Jiang Peizhou , Jiang Yangying , Baker Samantha K. , Wang Ni , Roy Bhaskar , Parsons Tammee M. , Perkerson Ralph B. , Bao Hanmei , Han Xianlin , Bu Guojun , Kanekiyo Takahisa
Published: December 2023

ABCA7 loss-of-function variants are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using ABCA7 knockout human iPSC models generated with CRISPR/Cas9, we investigated the impacts of ABCA7 deficiency on neuronal metabolism and function. Lipidomics revealed that mitochondria-related phospholipids, such as phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin were reduced in the ABCA7-deficient iPSC-derived cortical organoids. Consistently, ABCA7 deficiency-induced alterations of mitochondrial morphology accompanied by reduced ATP synthase activity and exacerbated oxidative damage in the organoids. Furthermore, ABCA7-deficient iPSC-derived neurons showed compromised mitochondrial respiration and excess ROS generation, as well as enlarged mitochondrial morphology compared to the isogenic controls. ABCA7 deficiency also decreased spontaneous synaptic firing and network formation in iPSC-derived neurons, in which the effects were rescued by supplementation with phosphatidylglycerol or NAD+ precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide. Importantly, effects of ABCA7 deficiency on mitochondria morphology and synapses were recapitulated in synaptosomes isolated from the brain of neuron-specific Abca7 knockout mice. Together, our results provide evidence that ABCA7 loss-of-function contributes to AD risk by modulating mitochondria lipid metabolism.
Cancer-related fatigue trajectories up to 5 years after curative treatment for oesophageal cancer
Authors: Cheng Zhao , Johar Asif , Nilsson Magnus , Schandl Anna , Lagergren Pernilla
Published: December 2023

Background

Whether cancer-related fatigue develops differently after curative-intended oesophageal cancer treatment and the related modifiable factors are unclear.

Methods

This population-based and longitudinal cohort included 409 oesophageal cancer patients who underwent curative oesophagectomy in 2013–2020 in Sweden. The main outcome was cancer-related fatigue trajectories with measurements at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4 and 5 years postoperatively by validated EORTC QLQ-FA12 questionnaire, and analysed using growth mixture models. Weighted logistic regressions provided odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for underlying sociodemographic, clinical, and patient-reported outcome factors in relation to the identified trajectories.

Results

Two distinct overall cancer-related fatigue trajectories were identified: low level of persistent fatigue and high level of increasing fatigue, with 64% and 36% of patients, respectively. The odds of having high level of fatigue trajectory were increased by Charlson comorbidity index (≥ 2 versus 0: OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.07–5.94), pathological tumour Stage (III–IV versus 0-I: OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.33–4.77), anxiety (OR = 7.58, 95% CI 2.20–26.17), depression (OR = 15.90, 95% CI 4.44–56.93) and pain (continuous score: OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.04).

Conclusions

Long-term trajectories with high level of increasing cancer-related fatigue and the associated modifiable factors were identified after oesophageal cancer treatment. The results may facilitate early identification and targeted intervention for such high-risk patients.
Design of ohmic contacts between Janus MoSSe and two-dimensional metals
Authors: Zhao Ning , Tyagi Shubham , Schwingenschlögl Udo
Published: December 2023

Two-dimensional semiconductors are considered as channel materials for field-effect transistors to overcome short-channel effects and reduce the device size. As the contacts to the metallic electrodes are decisive for the device performance, we study the electronic properties of contacts between Janus MoSSe and various two-dimensional metals. We demonstrate that weak interactions at these van der Waals contacts suppress Fermi level pinning and show that ohmic contacts can be formed for both terminations of Janus MoSSe, generating favorable transport characteristics.
Feasibility study of cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation with KODEX-EPD: a single center experience
Authors: Wubulikasimu Subinuer , Wang Liang , Yang Suxia , Sang Wanyue , Han Yafan , Wang Lu , Wang Feifei , Zhou Xianhui , Zhang Jianghua , Xing Qiang , Tuerhong Zukela , Xiaokereti Jiasuoer , Guo Yankai , Tang Baopeng , Li Yaodong
Published: December 2023

To evaluate the feasibility of cryoballoon (CB) ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) under the guidance of a new three-dimensional (3D) mapping system KODEX-EPD. 40 patients scheduled for CB ablation of AF in the first affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from August 2021 to July 2022 were randomly divided into two groups: KODEX-EPD 3D mapping system guidance group (KODEX group, n = 20) and conventional two-dimensional perspective group (standard group, n = 20). The ablation time, operation time, fluoroscopy time, fluoroscopy dose, contrast agent dosage and follow-up data were compared between the two groups. Besides, the feasibility and accuracy of the dielectric sensing system in evaluating pulmonary vein (PV) occlusion in patients with AF during CB ablation were verified. All pulmonary veins were being isolated. The ablation time (36.40 ± 6.72 min vs 35.15 ± 6.29 min, P > 0.05) and the operation time (64.20 ± 11.82 min vs 66.00 ± 13.18 min, P > 0.05) were not statistically different in the two groups. The standard group has longer fluoroscopy time, dose and contrast medium dosage. There were significant differences in fluoroscopy time (532.30 ± 72.83 s vs 676.25 ± 269.33 s, P < 0.05), fluoroscopy dose (110.00 ± 28.64 mGy vs 144.68 ± 66.66 mGy, P < 0.05), and contrast medium dosage (71.90 ± 5.97 ml vs 76.05 ± 5.93 ml, P < 0.05) between the two groups. The learning curves of the first 5 patients and the last 15 patients in the KODEX group were compared. There was no statistical difference in the ablation time (36.80 ± 8.56 min vs 36.27 ± 6.34 min, P > 0.05) or the operation time (69.00 ± 5.00 min vs 62.60 ± 13.10 min, P > 0.05); however, compared to the first 5 patients, fluoroscopy time (587.40 ± 38.34 s vs 513.93 ± 73.02 s, P < 0.05), fluoroscopy dose (147.85 ± 35.19 mGy vs 97.39 ± 8.80 mGy, P < 0.05) and contrast medium dosage (79.60 ± 1.14 ml vs 69.33 ± 4.45 ml, P < 0.05) were significantly decreased. Using pulmonary venography as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity of the completely occlusion in KODEX group was 93.6% (95% CI 85–97.6%) and 69.6% (95% CI 54–81.8%); and the sensitivity, specificity of the small leak in KODEX group was 93.1% (95% CI 82.4–97.8%) and 82.0% (95% CI 65.9–91.9%). During an average follow-up of (9.90 ± 1.06) months, there was no statistical difference in arrhythmia recurrence and antiarrhythmic drugs taking after CB ablation between the two groups (P > 0.05). Using the KODEX-EPD system, the CB ablation procedure can correctly evaluate the PV occlusion, and significantly reduce fluoroscopy exposure and contrast medium without significantly increasing the operation time.
Age-related changes and sex differences in ankle plantarflexion velocity
Authors: Kanayama Atsuki , Yamamoto Saki , Ueba Ryoga , Kobayashi Mio , Ohmine Toshimitsu , Iwata Akira
Published: December 2023

Ankle plantar flexors play a vital role in the mobility of older adults. The strength and velocity of plantarflexion are critical factors in determining walking speed. Despite reports on how age and sex affect plantarflexion strength, basic information regarding plantarflexion velocity is still lacking. This cross-sectional observational study investigated age-related changes and sex differences in plantarflexion velocity by comparing them with plantarflexion strength. A total of 550 healthy adults were classified into four age groups for each sex: Young (< 40 years old), Middle-aged (40–64 years old), Young-old (65–74 years old), and Older-old (≧ 75 years old). We measured plantarflexion velocity and strength in the long-sitting position using a gyroscope and a hand-held dynamometer, respectively. Two-way analysis of variance revealed no interaction between age and sex for either plantarflexion velocity or strength. Plantarflexion velocity exhibited a significant decline with aging, as did the plantarflexion strength. We found no significant sex differences in plantarflexion velocity in contrast to plantarflexion strength. The results indicated a significant decrease with age and no difference in plantarflexion velocity between males and females characteristic plantarflexion velocity. Understanding the characteristics of plantarflexion velocity could contribute to preventing a decline in mobility in older adults.
Soybean Oil-based Polymers and Their Composites
Authors: Liu W. , Chen T. , Qiu R.
Published: December 2023

Soybean oil (SO) plays the most prominent role in the synthesis of polymer materials among all vegetable oils. SO has an average number of double bonds of 4.6 per triglyceride. Therefore, SO has been widely used as a raw material to synthesize biobased polymers such as epoxy, polyurethane, and vinyl esters. This chapter summarizes the recent advances in the preparation strategies of SO-based thermosets and their biocomposites. The synthesis methods of SO-based polyurethane, vinyl esters, and epoxy thermosets are classified and introduced. Two commercially available products, i.e., epoxidized soybean oil and acrylated epoxidized soybean oil, are focused on due to their great potential application prospects in industry. The introduced biocomposites were prepared from SO-based thermosets as matrices and SO derivatives as interfacial compatibilizers. The key scientific and technological challenges of using SO in polymers and composites are reviewed.
Reactions of Mixed Natural Acids and Esters in Acidic Media
Authors: Bradley William J. , Qu Yang , Crandall Zachery , Windus Theresa L. , Kraus George A.
Published: December 2023

Citric acid and malic acid are renewable organic acids with considerable market size. The reaction between the two acids in sulfuric acid at 80 °C gave an unexpected pyrone diacid. A mixture of dimethyl malate and trimethyl citrate gave a pyrone diester. These pyrones were produced in good yields on a multigram scale. The pyrone diacid represents a potentially useful monomer. Molecular electrostatic potential surfaces and dipole moments were calculated for ethyl butyrate and 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-alpha-pyrone.
Cyclopentadienyl capped thorium(iv) porphyrinoid complex
Authors: Mangel Daniel N. , Brewster James T. , Juarez Gabriel J. , Lynch Vincent M. , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: December 2023

The reaction between Th(iv) dipyriamethyrin dichloride and sodium cyclopentadienyl (Cp) results in the formation of a cyclopentadienyl capped thorium dipyriamethyrin complex.
Indium-catalyzed inter- and intramolecular dithianyl–alkyne metathesis reactions
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Rui-peng , Long Peng , Tang Yuxi , Li Jia , Tang Shouchu
Published: December 2023

Development of a novel indium-catalyzed inter- and intramolecular dithianyl–alkyne metathesis with high atom economy and wide functional group tolerance, giving a broad range of 1,3-dithianyl substituted unsaturated compounds under mild conditions.
Aluminyl derived ethene functionalization with heteroallenes, leading to an intramolecular ligand rearrangement
Authors: O’Reilly Andrea , Gardiner Michael G. , McMullin Claire L. , Fulton J. Robin , Coles Martyn P.
Published: December 2023

Functionalization of ethene as a component of an aluminacyclopropane has been achieved using heteroallenes (CO2, carbodiimide). A spontaneous ‘at metal’ ligand rearrangement occurs which alleviates steric congestion at the Al centre.
Visualization diagnosis of acute cerebral ischemia via sulfane sulfur-activated photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Song Cheng , Liao Lejuan , Bin Yidong , He Zongyi , Hua Jing , Zhao Shulin , Liang Hong
Published: December 2023

A sulfane sulfur-activated photoacoustic imaging probe was developed for in situ dynamic visualization of acute cerebral ischemia.
The crystallization kinetics of poly(ε-caprolactone-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PCLTMC): effects of the molar ratio of CL and TMC
Authors: Ding Jiaqiang , Xiao Bingyu , Wu Jinqiu , Chen Dongliang , Huang Dongling , Xiong Zuochun
Published: December 2023

The mode of the Lauritzen–Hoffman theory is shown above. Temperature of Regime II was selected for isothermal crystallization study, and the results showed that the crystallization kinetics of PCLTMC copolymer with high CL content fit the theory.
Giant tunnel resistance effect in (SrTiO3)2/(BaTiO3)4/(CaTiO3)2 asymmetric superlattice with enhanced polarization
Authors: Zhang Xiubing , Wei Haoming , Wu Yangqing , Yang Tengzhou , Cao Bingqiang
Published: December 2023

By constructing a superlattice with an asymmetric structure of (SrTiO3)2/(BaTiO3)4/(CaTiO3)2, polarization enhancement is achieved, thereby leading to an improvement in the ON/OFF ratio.
Carrier doping modulates the magnetoelectronic and magnetic anisotropic properties of two-dimensional MSi2N4 (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co) monolayers
Authors: An Ziyuan , Lv Linhui , Su Ya , Jiang Yanyan , Guan Zhaoyong
Published: December 2023

Through extensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations, our investigation delves into the stability, electrical characteristics, and magnetic behavior of monolayers (MLs) of MSi2N4.
The effects of side chain engineering on the morphology and charge transport of the A–DA1D–A type of non-fullerene acceptor: a multiscale study
Authors: Cao Zhijun , Zheng Shaohui
Published: December 2023

Shortening outer alkyl side chains appropriately or changing branched inner chains to straight chains is a good strategy to improve molecular π–π stacking and electron mobility of Y6.
Finite temperature string by K-means clustering sampling with order parameters as collective variables for molecular crystals: application to polymorphic transformation between β-CL-20 and ε-CL-20
Authors: Ren Fu-de , Liu Ying-Zhe , Ding Ke-wei , Chang Ling-ling , Cao Duan-lin , Liu Shubin
Published: December 2023

Polymorphic transformation of molecular crystals is a fundamental phase transition process, and it is important practically in the chemical, material, biopharmaceutical, and energy storage industries.
Modulating nickel-iron active species via dealloying to boost the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wan Zhuqing , Guo Xiaolong , Jiang Junying , Xin Yuci , Tang Benzhen , Zhang Hong , Wu Yong , Xia Lei , Yu Peng
Published: December 2023

Dealloying triggers the transformation of active species on Ni–Fe–P alloy: from γ-NiOOH to γ-NiOOH/FeOOH and then to β-NiOOH/FeOOH. FeOOH/NiOOH with a bifunctional mechanism promotes the Ni–Fe–P alloy to achieve the enhanced OER performance.
Upgrading of the biomass-derived platform compound 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to high-value chemicals: an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor
Authors: Ai Wenying , Liu Kexin , Cao Zhenfeng , Zou Jiawei , Li Ping , Cui Siwen , Yang Haiyan , Yang Yu , Cao Jian , Jiao Mingli
Published: December 2023

An in vivo experiment using a mouse model suggested that the toxicity of this corrosion inhibitor is comparable to that of NaCl.
Polymethylacrylic acid-induced fabrication of hollow hZrO2/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts: study on solar photocatalytic performance and mechanism insight
Authors: Zhang Weilong , Li Xian , Cheng Huan , Yang Jie , Li Jumei
Published: December 2023

Hollow hZrO2/g-C3N4 photocatalysts were developed to efficiently degrade MB and CIP under simulated sunlight irradiation and the mechanism was investigated.
The incredible story of ophiobolin A and sphaeropsidin A: two fungal terpenes from wilt-inducing phytotoxins to promising anticancer compounds
Authors: Evidente Antonio
Published: December 2023

This review describes the chemistry, biosynthesis, and biological activity of ophiobolin A and sphaeropsidin A, two phytotoxic terpenes with potential anticancer activity, and that of their natural analogues and derivatives.
An electrochemical multicomponent cascade annulation and functionalization reaction to enable C(sp3)–H trifluoromethylation
Authors: Ding Yuxin , Zhang Hao , Lou Dingyuan , Huang Wenkai , Shi Yuan , Luo Hongmei , Zhang Changjun , Xie Yuanyuan
Published: December 2023

Herein, we describe a novel electrochemistry facilitated one-pot multicomponent cascade annulation and bi-functionalization reaction that enables the efficient synthesis of highly functionalized 3,4-dihydroquinazolinones, realising indirect C(sp3)–H trifluoromethylation of aromatic ketones.
Residual cells and nutrient availability guide wound healing in bacterial biofilms
Authors: Ye Yusong , Ghrayeb Mnar , Miercke Sarah , Arif Sania , Müller Susann , Mascher Thorsten , Chai Liraz , Zaburdaev Vasily
Published: December 2023

Biofilms are multicellular heterogeneous bacterial communities bearing similarities to eukaryotic tissues. Exploring this analogy, we combine experiment and theory to investigate how biofilms recover from a damage and quantify wound healing dynamics.
Encapsulation of multiple enzymes within a microgel via water-in-water emulsions for enzymatic cascade reactions
Authors: Okuno Yota , Iwasaki Yasuhiko
Published: December 2023

Adding multiple enzymes into the water-in-water emulsion allowed the selective partition of the enzymes in the dispersed phase. Gelation of the dispersed phase led us to create enzyme loaded microgels. These microgels functioned as microreactors and provided protection for the encapsulated enzymes.
Characterization of drying-induced changes in moduli and internal stresses in a constrained gel using laser vibrometry
Authors: Yerrapragada Karthik , Yang Haocheng , Lee Wonhyeok , Eriten Melih
Published: December 2023

Water loss in clamped gelatin disks leads to built-up of in-plane stress (A) and increase in elastic modulus (B), as characterized by the laser vibrometry of the first two axisymmetric vibration modes of the disks (C).
Modeling photo-generated charge extraction in bulk heterojunction nanoparticles
Authors: Clarke Nigel , Buxton Gavin A.
Published: December 2023

We present a drift-diffusion model for predicting currents generated through the absorption of solar energy inside bulk heterojunction organic nanoparticles, which are promising nanomaterials for photo-catalytic water splitting.
Elaboration and rheological characterization of nanocomposite hydrogels containing C60 fullerene nanoplatelets
Authors: Merland Théo , Berteau Mathieu , Schmutz Marc , Legoupy Stéphanie , Nicolai Taco , Benyahia Lazhar , Chassenieux Christophe
Published: December 2023

Nanocomposite hydrogels were elaborated that consisted of a physical network formed by an amphiphilic polymer in which C60 fullerene nanoplatelets were embedded.
Efficiency enhancement and doping type inversion in Cu2CdSnS4 solar cells by Ag substitution
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmad , Lie Stener , Tan Joel Ming Rui , Swope Ryan , Medaille Axel Gon , Hadke Shreyash , Saucedo Edgardo , Agrawal Rakesh , Wong Lydia Helena
Published: December 2023

Silver substitution on Cu2CdSnS4 solar cells improves device performance at small doping concentrations. Structural and properties changes are induced with higher silver alloying amounts.
Covalency-aided electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO on sulfide-derived Cu–Sb
Authors: Goh Daniel Yong Yi , Yam Kah Meng , Rekhi Lavie , Handoko Albertus Denny , Tan Ying Chuan , Wang Yong , Tan Joel Ming Rui , Choksi Tej Salil , Lum Yanwei , Wong Lydia Helena
Published: December 2023

Sulfide-derived catalysts tend to be more selective to HCOO− with suppression of CO production. We found that sulfur-doped Cu–Sb breaks the trend with improved CO selectivity.