bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propuesta para el monitoreo del cultivo de maíz basado en sensores remotos
Authors: Cortez-Núñez Jocelyn Alejandra , Zepeda-Mondragón Francisco , García-Reyna Miguel Eduardo , Mendoza-González Daniel
Published: December 2023

El monitoreo de cultivos basado en sensores remotos, particularmente a través de vehículos aéreos no tripulados (VANTs), permite a los agricultores estar actualizados sobre la salud de su cultivo y localizar qué áreas de la parcela requieren atención para mejorar su rendimiento. Por tal motivo, la presente propuesta metodológica planteada a partir de los resultados del estudio piloto para identificar las zonas donde existe una deficiencia de nutrientes o agua a través de imágenes obtenidas de un VANT, integrando información de las prácticas agronómicas expresadas por los agricultores y los hallazgos observados en campo. Se emplearon índices de vegetación para determinar la salud del cultivo y la etapa fenológica en la que se encuentra. Asimismo, se incentiva la participación de los pequeños agricultores con la finalidad de sensibilizarlos de la información que se puede obtener a través de este tipo de metodologías de la agricultura de precisión.
Producción de tomate en respuesta a dosis de silicio
Authors: Cazárez-Flores Luz Llarely , Angulo-Castro Azaree , Vega-Gutiérrez Tomás Aarón , Ayala-Tafoya Felipe , Aguilar- Quiñonez José Antonio
Published: December 2023

Existe evidencia acerca del mejoramiento de la resistencia de las plantas ante factores bióticos y abióticos, el metabolismo fotosintético y la productividad de cultivos por la fertilización con silicio. El objetivo de la investigación fue conocer la influencia del silicio en el crecimiento, rendimiento y calidad postcosecha de tomate saladette indeterminado cultivado en suelo. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro tratamientos (0/testigo, 20, 30 y 50 mg L-1 de silicio) y tres repeticiones. Las tres dosis de silicio en estudio fueron eficaces para aumentar diámetro de tallo, número de hojas, área foliar, índice de verdor y acidez titulable. La firmeza y contenido de sólidos solubles del fruto no fueron afectados. Mientras que, con la dosis de 50 mg L-1 se indujo el mayor rendimiento de tomate. En general, la producción de tomate mejoró significativamente con la adición de silicio al esquema de fertilización.
Prinsip Kepastian Hukum dalam Upaya Perlindungan Hukum Pelaku UMKM di Era Modernisasi Ekonomi Digital
Authors: Kusuma Ajeng Pramesthy Hardiani
Published: December 2023

Perkembangan teknologi dalam era modernisasi memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap seluruh aspek tanpa terkecuali, termasuk aspek ekonomi. Modernisasi ekonomi digital membuat segala kebutuhan pelaku ekonomi sebagai penggunanya menjadi lebih efisien dan modern. Kelebihan yang ditawarkan dengan adanya modernisasi ekonomi digital mampu memberikan daya tarik yang tinggi bagi pelaku ekonomi dalam mengembangkan bisnisnya, termasuk pelaku UMKM. Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) merupakan pelaku bisnis yang bergerak pada berbagai bidang usaha, yang menyentuh kepentingan masyarakat. UMKM memiliki peran penting terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Atas peran penting tersebut tentunya UMKM dituntut untuk menguasai modernisasi ekonomi digital yang tengah terjadi. Dibalik kelebihan yang diberikan oleh adanya modernisasi ekonomi digital yang kompleks, tentu saja membutuhkan perlindungan hukum yang maksimal. Dalam hal ini terwujudnya prinsip kepastian hukum menjadi esensi utama bagi pelaku UMKM untuk mendapatkan haknya sebagai subjek hukum yang diatur dalam perundang-undangan. Pelaku UMKM dapat dengan aman menjalankan bisnisnya jika regulasi yang berlaku menjanjikan kepastian hukum, sehingga kemajuan ekonomi melalui UMKM dapat tercapai.
Przesłanki odwołania warunkowego zwolnienia w ujęciu ewolucyjnym w dwudziestopięciolecie obowiązywania kodeksu karnego wykonawczego z 1997 roku — wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Lachowski Jerzy
Published: December 2023

Opracowanie dotyczy unormowania określającego przesłanki odwołania warunkowego zwolnienia. Zdaniem autora warto przyjrzeć się tej regulacji w ujęciach ewolucyjnym oraz systemowym i postarać się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy rozwój unormowań odnoszących się do tej konstrukcji prawnej podąża we właściwym kierunku, czy też należałoby poważnie zastanowić się nad zmianami przepisów, które jej dotyczą.
Sobre a origem das palavras fas, ius e lex
Authors: Bréal Michel , Aguiar Márlio
Published: December 2023

Tradução anotada de: Bréal, Michel. ‘Mémoire sur l'origine des mots fas, jus et lex’. Mémoires de l'Institut national de France, tome 32, 2ᵉ partie, 1891, p. 1-12. Michel Bréal, em texto publicado no ano de 1891 e que ora se traduz, analisou a origem dos termos latinos 'ius', 'lex e 'fas', palavras que expressam diferentes nuances das ideias de "lei" e "direito" (divino e humano), a partir de uma abordagem histórica e comparativa com as demais línguas indoeuro´peias.
Narrativas literárias e as distinções sociais
Authors: Zaluski Jorge Luiz , Paula Elenice de
Published: December 2023

A proposta deste texto é partir dos apontamentos teóricos de Pierre Bourdieu sobre distinção social e analisar os contos “Duzu-Querença” e “Os amores de Kimbá”, escritos por Conceição Evaristo e publicados no livro Olhos D´água, em 2016. Acreditamos que as investigações que partem da literatura contribuem para identificar o pensamento social do/a autor/a, sua posição e interesse com o contexto de sua produção. Assim, junto dos apontamentos de Bourdieu sobre os tipos de capitais, através dos contos selecionados, buscamos perceber como as narrativas de Conceição Evaristo investem em uma escrita denúncia para levantar críticas sobre as distinções sociais, das exclusões provocadas, manutenção e do processo de desumanização de seus personagens que se confunde com histórias reais.
Dynamic blend of ethnoscience and inquiry in a digital learning platform (e-learning) for empowering future science educators' critical thinking
Authors: Prayogi Saiful , Ahzan Sukainil , Indriaturrahmi  , Rokhmat Joni , Verawati Ni Nyoman Sri Putu
Published: December 2023

Inquiry-based learning overcomes the gap between the acquisition of knowledge through discovery though it is not always directly proportional to students' development of critical thinking (CT). Knowledge about the real-world contexts in which children will learn is the first step in cultivating CT in science learning. Science inquiry is most relevant when it is linked to the cultural context and local wisdom in which students are growing and developing. On one hand, the current focus of learning is on digital systems which can also provide opportunities to enhance CT. The current study aims to implement a blend of inquiry-based learning and Ethnoscience on a digital learning platform (e-learning) and assess its effect on the pre-service science teachers’ (PSTs) CT abilities. The study is conducted using an experimental method involving PSTs as participants. Several valid test instruments are employed to measure CT skills and the results are analyzed. According to the study's findings, there have been notable advancements in CT due to the digital learning platform's dynamic fusion of Ethnoscience and inquiry.  This study demonstrates that the dynamic blend of Ethnoscience and inquiry in a digital learning platform can serve as a cutting-edge learning method for empowering CT particularly in future science teachers.
KRONİK BÖBREK YETMEZLİĞİ OLAN HASTADA HERPES ZOSTER KAYNAKLI AĞRININ TEDAVİSİNDE EREKTÖR SPİNA PLAN BLOĞU
Authors: Karaduman Yılmaz , Muz Arzu , Serçe Azize , İren Yusuf Harun , Akın Takmaz Suna
Published: December 2023

Herpes zoster, varisella zoster virüsünün reaktivasyonuyla ortaya çıkan bir hastalık olup ağrı ve ciltte veziküllü döküntüler şeklinde semptom verir. Semptomlar hastaların uyku, yaşam kalitesini ve günlük aktivitelerini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Herpes zoster kaynaklı ağrının yönetiminde medikal tedaviyle birlikte epidural, intratekal, somatik veya sempatik sinir blokları denenebilir. Sistemik hastalık varlığında ilaç kullanımı kısıtlanabileceği gibi omurga ve spinal kord anamolisi ve/veya deformitesi varlığında nöroaksiyel blokların komplikasyon riski artar, ayrıca uygulamada zorluklarla karşılaşılabilir. Olgumuzda torakal bölgede zonaya bağlı şiddetli akut ağrı tedavisinde erektör spina plan bloğu uygulanan, renal yetmezlikli, omurga ve spinal kord anamolisi olan bir olgu sunulmuştur.
Extended Stroh formalism for plane problems of thermoelasticity of quasicrystal media
Authors: Kushnir Roman , Pasternak Iaroslav , Sulym Heorhiy
Published: December 2023

This study provides a mathematical method for the analysis of plane phonon-phason thermomechanical fields in quasi-crystalline bodies, which was developed based on the complex variable calculus and the Stroh formalism. Constitutive and balance equations of thermoelasticity of quasicrystal solids are written in a generalized form using extended phonon-phason vectors and tensors. Adapting the methods of the Stroh formalism, the formulated general problem is reduced to the search for 7 analytical functions (1 for temperature and 6 for phonon-phason fields). The obtained approach was used to construct the integral equations of the corresponding two-dimensional problems of the thermoelasticity of quasicrystal solids, and on its basis a specific problem for a quasi-crystalline medium with a crack was solved. Distributions of temperature and mechanical fields in the body and functions of asymptotic distributions of phonon-phason fields near the crack tip using intensity coefficients of phonon and phason stresses were obtained.
Product durability management using surface engineering technologies
Authors: Stotsko Zenoviy , Kuzin Oleg , Kuzin Mykola
Published: December 2023

The problem of managing the durability of products due to the creation of regions in materials with a given temporal and spatial non-locality is considered. A mathematical model of softening of materials under the action of external loads is proposed, allowing to take into account the special role in the formation of damaged places of exit of grain boundaries and their triple junctions on the outer surfaces of parts, as well as their interaction with stress concentrators formed after mechanical processing.

The developed model representations are used to ensure the operational uniformity of structural elements with concentrators under stress by methods of surface engineering, in particular, when determining the role of changes in the quantitative parameters of the microstructure on the wear resistance of the surface layers of rolling stock parts of railway transport containing stressed concentrators. The optimal depth of the plasma hardening of the subsurface layers of the rims of wheel pairs of locomotives has been established, depending on the size, placement and geometric characteristics of the tension concentrators. It is shown that taking into account the dynamics of structural changes during the degradation of materials in the conditions of operation according to the proposed model ratios allows to achieve the specified life cycle of parts at minimal costs.

Increasing the durability of products is achieved by optimizing technological modes of surface engineering, which ensure the formation of structures with a smaller gradient of properties.
Stress-strain state of the mandible-implant system under static loading
Authors: Musiienko Olha , Parii Vitalii , Morhun Oleksii
Published: December 2023

The paper represents the results of research of the stress-strain state of the mandible-implant system under static loading. Simulations and calculations were carried out for four different implant installation angles: 0°, 7°, 15° and 22°. The three-dimensional model of the mandibular segment and the implant model were created in the Spaceclaim software environment, and stress calculations were performed using ANSYS Workbench. The obtained results of the study show the influence of the angle of installation of the implant on the distribution of stresses in the mandible and the implant. The analysis of the received data will ensure the optimal functioning and duration of use of dental implants.
Milling with Feed Control on a Computer Numerical Control Machine-tools
Authors: Petrakov Yuriy , Myhovych Artur
Published: December 2023

The process of contour milling is characterized by a change in cutting conditions along the form-formingtrajectory even with an equidistant allowance. Therefore, researching the possibilities of feed control in order to stabilizethe cutting process during milling is an urgent task. The results of experimental studies of end milling on the XYZ VMC1010 machine are presented. Milling of a specially prepared workpiece was performed when the allowance along thecutting path was changed from 0 to 6 mm in depth with a milling width of 30 mm. Milling was performed with a constantfeed in the cutting mode offered by the tool manufacturer and according to a specially designed feed control law. The feedcontrol law was formed automatically when modeling the allowance removal process based on its main characteristic –materials removal rate (MRR). The results convincingly proved the effectiveness of the proposed supply control. The powerof the process was significantly leveled along the milling path regardless of the change in depth of cut, and the machiningtime was reduced by 35%.
Formation of the structure and optimal parameters of the neural network for determining the composite plate deflections
Authors: Pyskunov Sergiy , Repin Bogdan
Published: December 2023

The paper defines the structure of an artificial neural network (ANN), the required amount of data for training and algorithms for their processing to ensure the ability of the network to recognize dependencies between the structure of the composite material and the quantitative parameters of the deformed state under a given load with acceptable accuracy. To test the network, the problem of determining the deflection of a three-layer (glass-film-glass) laminate plate with a wide range of changes in physical and mechanical characteristics and geometric dimensions under conditions of three-point bending was used. It is shown that the most effective is the ANN consisting of two hidden layers with 12 and 6 nodes in the layers, respectively, when processing data based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. At the same time, the error of the obtained results lies within 0.5% for data from the range used for training the network and within 5% for data outside this range.
Calculation of the stress-strain state of the "pipe-composite wrap" system
Authors: Savchuk Yevhenii , Shukayev Sergiy
Published: December 2023

This study focuses on the application of composite materials for strengthening and repairing worn pipelines. The influence of various structural and operational factors on the stress state of a pipe reinforced with a composite wrap was investigated. A comparative analysis was conducted between the calculations of a steel pipe reinforced with a composite using the finite element method and several analytical methods, including those specified in DSTU ISO 24817:2019. Numerical and analytical calculations were carried out according to a full factorial experiment plan (three factors at three levels, twenty-seven experiments in total), with the variable factors being the wrap thickness, pipe thickness, and the ratio of residual thickness to pipe thickness. The calculations involved two system variants: "undamaged pipe" and "damaged pipe." A new analytical approach was proposed to determine the stress-strain state of the "pipe-composite wrap" system, which provides higher accuracy compared to DSTU ISO 24817:2019.
To the question of vector analysis of the uniform rotation of a material point around a fixed axis
Authors: Dobrov Ihor
Published: December 2023

On the basis of the conducted vector analysis of the process of uniform rotation of a material point around a fixed axis it was established that the generally accepted kinematic parameters of the rotation of a material point in the form of tangential velocity and centripetal acceleration are necessary, but insufficient for the complete characterization of the kinematics of the process of rotation of a material point around a fixed axis. The centrifugal acceleration, which is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to centripetal acceleration; centripetal and centrifugal velocities equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, which, interacting with each other, ensure the kinematic condition of uniform rotation of the material point relative to the stationary center of the circle, the radius of which is much greater than the geometric dimensions of the mother point are the additional parameters, which, together with the generally accepted kinematic parameters of the rotation of a material point determine the necessary and sufficient kinematic conditions for uniform rotation of a material point around a fixed axis.
The Efficacy of Providing Holistic Wellness Activities in Promoting Nursing Student Self-care
Authors: Armstrong Nancy E. , Reid Kristin M. , Todd Dana M.
Published: December 2023

Self-care is defined as taking time to participate in activities that promote personal physical health, mental health, and wellness. Nursing students worldwide have been found to be deficient in self-care. A pilot project was developed to provide a variety of wellness-related activities throughout one academic school year for students in an undergraduate nursing program in the United States, in an effort to promote self-care practices. The students were surveyed on their perception of self-care activities covering six major domains, such as physical activity and health promotion. They were also asked qualitative questions about their understanding of self-care and its importance in nursing via focus groups. At the end of the school year, the students repeated the survey, and were asked to provide feedback on the activities selected. The purpose of this article is to discuss the findings of the post-intervention implementation. There were no statistical changes in the students’ self-care survey results. However, anecdotal evidence revealed that the students, as a whole, felt that the activities were helpful in promoting personal well-being, appreciated support from faculty, and reported a desire for the activities to continue.
The Solar System: Nature and Mechanics
Authors: Ljubičić Mario
Published: December 2023

Origin, mechanics and properties of the Solar System are analysed in the framework of the Complete Relativity theory (by the same author). According to Complete Relativity, everything is relative. Any apparent absolutism (notably scale invariance of dimensional constants, absolute elementariness, invariance to time) is an illusion stemming from limits imposed by [or on] polarized observers that will inevitably lead to misinterpretation of phenomena (another illusion) occurring on non-directly observable scales, or even on observable scales but distant or lowly resolved energies, in space or time. The analysis confirms the postulates and hypotheses of the theory (eg. existence of discrete vertical energy levels) with a significant degree of confidence. During the analysis, some new hypotheses have emerged. These are discussed and confirmed with various degrees of confidence. To increase confidence or refute some hypotheses, additional experimental verification is necessary. Main conclusions that stem from my research and are further confirmed, with more or less confidence, in this paper are: - universes are, indeed, completely relative, - Solar System is a scaled (inflated, in some interpretations) Carbon/Beryllium isotope equivalent with a nucleus in a partially condensed state and components localized in various vertically excited states, - life is common everywhere, but presence of extroverted complex forms on planetary surfaces is generally very limited in time, - anthropogenic climate change is only a part (trigger from one perspective) of bigger global changes, major extinction events on a surface of a planet are relative extinctions, may be a regular part of transformation and migration of life below the surface in the process of a planetary [equivalent of] neurogenesis.
On the Capacity of Optical Networks
Authors: Pires João J. O.
Published: December 2023

Optical networks, characterized by using optical fibers as a transmission medium, constitute the fundamental infrastructure employed today by network operators to deliver services to users. As network capacity is one of the key factors influencing optical network performance, it is important to comprehend its limitations and have the capability to estimate its value. In this context, we revisit the concept of capacity from various perspectives, including channel capacity, link capacity, and network capacity, thus providing an integrated view of the problem. Hence, we review the fundamental concepts behind optical networks, along with the basic physical phenomena present in optical fiber transmission and provide methodologies for estimating the different types of capacities, mainly using simple formulations. In particular, we propose a method to evaluate the network capacity that relies on the optical reach to account for physical layer aspects, in conjunction with capacitated routing techniques for traffic routing. We apply this method to three reference networks and obtain capacities ranging from tens to hundreds of Terabits/s. Whenever possible, we also compare our results with published experimental data to understand how they relate.
Unscented Kalman Filter Sensorless Permament Magnet Synchronous Motor Model Predictive Control
Authors: Janiszewski Dariusz
Published: December 2023

The paper deals with the Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm as applied to the sensorless control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The proposed estimation strategy, based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), uses only the measurement of the motor current for the online estimation of speed, rotor position and load torque. Information about the system state feeds the MPC. Results verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed sensorless control technique. An implementation in low speed direct drive astronomy telescope mount systems is investigated.
An Energy Management Strategy for Electrified Railway Smart Microgrid System Based on Integrated Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Ye Jingjing , Sun Minghao , Song Kejian
Published: December 2023

The integration of renewable energy and hybrid energy storage system (HESS) into electrified railways to build electric railway smart microgrid system (ERSMS) is beneficial for reducing fossil fuel consumption and minimizing energy waste. However, the fluctuations of renewable energy generation and traction load challenge the energy management effectiveness for such a complex system. In this work, an energy management strategy is proposed which firstly decomposes the renewable energy into low-frequency and high-frequency components by an integrated empirical mode decomposition (IEMD). Then, a two-stage energy distribution approach is utilized to appropriately distribute the energy flow among the ERSMS. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solution are validated through case study.
Cholesterol Conjugates of siRNA: Linkers and Patterns of Modification
Authors: Chernikov Ivan V. , Ponomareva Ul'yana A. , Meschaninova Mariya I. , Bachkova Irina K. , Vlassov Valentin V. , Zenkova Marina A. , Chernolovskaya Elena L.
Published: December 2023

Cholesterol siRNA conjugates attract attention because they allow the delivery of siRNA into cells without the use of transfection agents. In this study, we compared the efficacy and duration of silencing induced by cholesterol conjugates of selectively and totally modified siRNAs and their heteroduplexes of the same sequence and explored the impact of linker length between the 3' end of the sense strand of siRNA and cholesterol on the silencing activity of “light” and “heavy” modified siRNAs. All 3'-cholesterol conjugates were equally active under transfection, but the conjugate with a C3 linker was less active than those with longer linkers (C8 and C15) in a carrier-free mode. At the same time, they are significantly inferior in activity to the 5'-cholesterol conjugate. Shortening the sense strand carrying cholesterol by 2 nucleotides from the 3'-end did not have a significant effect on the activity of the conjugate. Replacing the antisense strand or both strands with fully modified ones has a significant effect on silencing as well as improving the duration in transfection-mediated and carrier-free modes. A significant 78% suppression of MDR1 gene expression in KB-8-5 xenograft tumors developed in mice promises an advantage from the use of fully modified siRNA cholesterol conjugates in combination chemotherapy.
Spectrophotometric and Chromatographic Assessment of Total Flavonoids Content in Rhodendron Tomentosum Extracts
Authors: Kukhtenko Halyna , Bevz Nataliia , Kukhtenko Oleksandr , Jasicka-Misiak Izabela
Published: December 2023

In the literature, the chemical composition of Rhododendron tomentosum is mainly represented by the study of isoprenoid compounds of essential oil. In contrast, the study of the content of flavonoids will contribute to the expansion of the pharmacological action and the use of the medicinal plant for medical purposes. The paper deals with the technology of extracts from Rhododendron tomentosum shoots using ethanol of various concentrations and purified water as an extractant. Extracts from Rhododendron tomentosum were obtained by a modified method that combined the effects of ultrasound and temperature to maximize the extraction of biologically active substances from the raw material. By the method of high-performance thin-layer chromatography in the system of solvents ethyl acetate: formic acid: water (15:1:1) the following substances have been separated and identified: rutin, hyperoside, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid in all the extracts obtained. To quantify the total flavonoids content, a method of spectrophotometric determination based on the reaction of complexation with aluminum chloride has been developed. It has been proved that the course of the complexation reaction and, accordingly, the quantification of the flavonoid structure substances by the spectrophotometric method is influenced by some factors, including the environment, pH, the structure of the complexes, etc. Regardless of the chosen method, for the further production of Rhododendron tomentosum extracts with a higher content of flavonoid structure substance, it is advisable to use 60%, 70%, and 80% ethyl alcohol as extractant.
Land Use and Land Cover in Kotri Jamshoro City, Pakistan, Using Gis and Remote Sensing
Authors: Chandio Kamran Ali , Junejo Shafiq Ahmed
Published: December 2023

Due to urban sprawls, the arable land is shifting in the settlement areas and towns, while industrial development is making it more vulnerable. The current study was conducted to see the changes in land use and land cover in Kotri area, Pakistan from 1998 to 2020 to establish trends in recent land use development based on available land use data. In this regard, satellite images in the study area were acquired from USGS and processed using ArcMap 10.5 and Environmental for Visualizing Images (ENVI). Results show that; there was a change in the settlement pattern of Kotri city with 40% between 1998 and 2020, 77% decrease in Bare-land was observed in 2020. Natural vegetation in the study area has decreased significantly with 4.4 Sq/ km in 2020, surface water-bodies in 1998 were 1.3 sq/km and in 2020 there is 1.8 Sq/km indicating 32% increase in surface water bodies. It was further revealed that settlement in Kotri has increased due to its geographical location, nearness of the major city of Hyderabad, and the establishment of the industrial zone and educational city near Kotri. From the foregoing, the study concluded that Kotri City will have more changes in its land use and land cover as the expansion in the city is going on and on. It is therefore recommended that local government and provincial government should pay attention towards this development and put up an action plan towards proper provision for such expansion.
Uncoupling Protein 3 Catalyzes the Exchange of C4 Metabolites Similar to UCP2
Authors: Kreiter Jürgen , Tyschuk Tatyana , Pohl Elena E
Published: December 2023

Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) belongs to the mitochondrial carrier protein superfamily SLC25 and is abundant in brown adipose tissue (BAT), heart and muscles. Unlike UCP1, which is localized in BAT and involved in non-shievering thermogenesis, its biological function is under dispute. The expression of UCP3 in tissues mainly dependent on fatty acid oxidation suggests its involvement in cellular metabolism and has drawn attention to its possible transport function beyond the transport of protons in the presence of fatty acids. Based on the high homology between UCP2 and UCP3, we hypothesized that UCP3 transports C4 metabolites similar to UCP2. To test this, we measured the transport of substrates against phosphate (32Pi) in proteoliposomes reconstituted with recombinant murine UCP3. We found that UCP3 mainly transports aspartate and sulfate but also malate, malonate, oxaloacetate and succinate. The transport rates calculated from the exchange of 32Pi against extraliposomal aspartate and sulfate were 23.9 ± 5.8 and 17.5 ± 5.1 µmol/min/mg, respectively. Using site-directed mutagenesis we revealed that mutation of R84 resulted in impaired aspartate/phosphate exchange, demonstrating its critical role in substrate transport. Difference in substrate preference between UCP2 and UCP3 may be explained by their different tissue expression pattern and biological function in these tissues.
A Thorough Analysis of Sustainable Hydrogen Pathways in The Western United States
Authors: Sakthi Priya , Ghahremanlou Davoud , Farahmand Farzam
Published: December 2023

The demand for sustainable energy solutions has intensified due to the growing challenges posed by climate change and the world’s reliance on fossil fuels. Recently, in response to these challenges, policymakers came together to utilize the Western United States distinct geographic advantages and abundance of natural resources to form the first hydrogen hub partnership in the country, called Western Inter-States Hydrogen Hub. Therefore, this work offers insights and recommendations to the stakeholders involved in Western Inter-States Hydrogen Hub to enhance data-driven decision making through a comprehensive examination of the scientific literature with an emphasis on

hydrogen’s pathways as a workable solution, particularly based on renewable sources. To that end we compare the economic, environmental, and social effects of various hydrogen production pathways to unfold their sustainability. Finally, we offer some recommendations for scientific, policymaking, and practitioner readers.
The Surgical Histopathology of the Filum Terminale: Findings from a Large Series of Patients with Tethered Cord Sydrome
Authors: Abdulrazeq Hael , Leary Owen , Tang Oliver , Karimi Helen , McElroy Abigail , Gokaslan Ziya , Punsoni Michael , Donahue John , Klinge Petra
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the prevalence of embryonic and connective tissue elements in the filum terminale (FT) of patients with tethered cord syndrome (TCS), examining both typical and pathological histology. FT specimens from 288 patients who underwent spinal cord detethering from 2013-2021 were analyzed. Histopathological examination involved routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and specific immunohistochemistry when needed. Patient details were extracted from electronic medical records. The study found that 97.6% of FT specimens had peripheral nerves, and 70.8% had regular ependymal cell linings. Other findings included ependymal cysts and canals, ganglion cells, neuropil, and prominent vascular features. Notably, 41% showed fatty infiltration, and 7.6% had dystrophic calcification. Inflammatory infiltrates, an underreported finding, were observed in 3.8% of the specimens. The research highlights peripheral nerves and ganglion cells as natural components of the FT, with ependymal cell overgrowth and other tissues potentially linked to TCS. Enlarged vessels may suggest venous congestion due to altered FT mechanics. The presence of lymphocytic infiltrations and calcifications provides new insights into structural changes and mechanical stress in the FT, contributing to our understanding of TCS pathology.
The Purinergic Nature of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
Authors: Kauffenstein Gilles , Martin Ludovic , Le Saux Olivier
Published: December 2023

Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE) is an inherited disease characterized by elastic fibers calcification in the eyes, the skin and the cardiovascular system. PXE results from mutations ABCC6 that encodes an ABC transporter primarily expressed in liver and kidneys. It took nearly 15 years after identifying the gene to better understand the etiology of PXE. the ABCC6 functions facilitates the efflux of ATP (and other nucleotides) which is sequentially hydrolyzed by the ectonucleotidases ENPP1 and CD73 into pyrophosphate (PPi) and adenosine, both inhibitors of calcification. PXE, together with General Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI caused by ENPP1 mutations) as well as Calcification of Joints and Arteries (CALJA caused by NT5E/CD73 mutations) form a disease continuum with overlapping phenotypes and sharing steps of the same molecular pathway. The explanation of these phenotypes places ABCC6 as an upstream regulator of a purinergic pathway (ABCC6 → ENPP1 → CD73) that notably inhibits mineralization by maintaining a physiological Pi/PPi ratio in connective tissues. Based on a review of the literature and our recent experimental data, we suggest that PXE (and GACI/CALJA) be considered as an authentic “purinergic disease”. In this article, we recapitulate the pathobiology of PXE, review molecular and physiological data showing that, beyond PPi deficiency and ectopic calcification, PXE is associated with wide and complex alterations of purinergic systems. Finally, we speculate on future prospects regarding purinergic signaling and other aspects of this disease.
Comprehensive Evaluation of the Environmental Footprint across Energy Sources: Toward Sustainable Solutions
Authors: Kavya Amaya , Yadav Seema
Published: December 2023

This research review paper comprehensively assesses the environmental impacts of diverse energy sources and proposes sustainable solutions. Fossil fuels contribute to pollution, habitat destruction, and greenhouse gas emissions. Renewable energy offers cleaner alternatives but faces challenges in manufacturing and disposal. Nuclear power has low emissions but poses risks in waste management and radiation. Biomass can be sustainable if responsibly sourced, but unsustainable practices lead to deforestation and emissions. Solutions include renewable technologies, energy efficiency, carbon capture, and sustainable transportation. Effective policies, incentives, and individual actions are crucial for a greener future. This review highlights the urgency of addressing energy-related environmental impacts and offers valuable insights for policymakers and individuals to take decisive actions for a sustainable energy future that protects the environment and promotes well- being.
AI in Orthodontics: Revolutionizing Diagnostics and Treatment Planning
Authors: Kazimierczak Natalia , Kazimierczak Wojciech , Serafin Zbigniew , Nowicki Pawel , Nożewski Jakub , Janiszewska Joanna
Published: December 2023

The advent of AI in medicine has transformed various medical specialties, including orthodontics. AI has shown promising results in enhancing the accuracy of diagnoses, treatment planning, and predicting treatment outcomes. With the growing number of AI applications and commercially available tools, there is an increase in their usage in orthodontic practices worldwide. This review aims to explore the principles of artificial intelligence (AI), its applications in the diagnostic process of modern orthodontic practices, and concerns associated with the implementation of AI algorithms in clinical practice. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, focusing on five categories where AI has been applied in orthodontics: dental diagnostics, cephalometric evaluation, skeletal age determination, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) evaluation, and extraction decision making. AI has demonstrated high efficacy in all those fields. However, variations in performance and the necessity of manual supervision indicate that AI should be used cautiously in clinical settings. Nevertheless, the high complexity and potential unpredictability of AI algorithms call for cautious implementation and regular manual validation of results. Continuous AI learning, proper governance, and addressing privacy and ethical concerns are crucial for the successful integration of AI into orthodontic practice.
A Method to Reverse Epimutations
Authors: Olsen Steven
Published: December 2023

For a number of reasons, a curative treatment for most chronic diseases is still unrealized [2–4] and the incidence of many chronic diseases is rapidly increasing [5–9]. A new model is offered as a solution; that being the individualized diagnosis of homeostasis, leading to the correction of epimutations. Individuals with chronic diseases are increasingly being defined by their epigenetic signatures [10,11]. Modern innovations in toxicogenomic studies are also becoming more accurate in their ability to identify the unique epigenetic signature of each toxin [12–14]. Hormesis studies (over 5,000) [15] suggest a universal principle, that a small dose is always a stimulant [16–18].These three facts present an opportunity; a method to diagnose and reverse chronic disease tendencies. This new model requires a paradigm shift in our understanding of disease origins: that dysfunctions in homeostasis [19,20] are the primary and deepest level of chronic disease causation. This is the level where the diagnosis needs to be made and where the corrections need to take place [21].
Unveiling the Exceptional Performance of ZnO/Zn2TiO4 Nanocomposites
Authors: Abbasi Husnain Ahmad , Al Moneef Maha M. , Khan Jahanzeb , Hafeez Muhammad , Hamid Usman , Khan Muhammad Abdullah , Shahida Shabnam , Abbasi Habib Ahmad , Chang Sook-Keng
Published: December 2023

In this work, we report the engineering of a sub-70 nm nanocomposite of ZnO/Zn2TiO4 using a low-temperature solution-phase method. Titanium isopropoxide and zinc acetate were used as precursors, and isopropyl alcohol and water were used as solvents. The investigation focused on the growth of nanocomposites by varying the concentrations of precursors and surfactants, as well as their efficiency within different pH ranges. All three ZnO/Zn2TiO4 nanocomposites consist of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO and Zn2TiO4 structures in the three nanocomposites. The crystallite size in three ZnO/Zn2TiO4 nanocomposites, with a hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure, were measured to be 62.67, 40.34, and 39.50 nm. The crystallite size values in three ZnO/Zn2TiO4 nanocomposites were 26.15 nm, 25.36 nm, and 21.24 nm, respectively, with Zn2TiO4. Morphological observations, conducted using FESEM, reveal the formation of three ZnO/Zn2TiO4 nanocomposites across the entire sample. These nanocomposites resemble dispersed cotton packets, with sizes ranging from 18 to 350 nm. Peaks in the range of 610-1250cm-1 are attributed to Ti-O bond formation and peak located at 1350-1450 cm-1 are attributed to Zn-O bond formation. Also, EDX spectrum reveals peaks for various sample components such as Ti, O and Zn. UV spectrums confirmed the formation of three nanocomposite of ZnO/Zn2TiO4 as showing two peaks for each sample. Photocatalytic investigation carried out by analyzing the UV-Visible absorption spectra of methylene blue dye on the surface of ZnO/Zn2TiO4 nanocomposites, dye degradation at various irradiation time intervals, dye degradation at varied catalyst concentrations and the influence of pH on dye-degradation. Furthermore, the said nanocomposites were used to degrade environmental pollutant (Methylene blue dye). Different sets of experiments were conducted under ambient conditions which show an excellent photo catalytic degradation efficiency.
Systems Thinking a Vehicle to Enhance the Fire Prevention Management in Residential Buildings Throughout Sharjah Emirate
Authors: Omar Musab , Mahmoud Abdelgadir
Published: December 2023

Fire hazards present a multifaceted global challenge that endangers human lives and environmental safety. Despite advancements in fire risk management technologies and methods, fires continue to be a prime concern for human security. The Arabian Gulf region, influenced by its climatic and environmental conditions, is especially susceptible to these threats. The Emirate of Sharjah, part of the United Arab Emirates, has made significant progress in reinforcing fire safety measures within residential structures, achieving a decrease in the number of fire-related accidents compared to neighboring Emirates. However, the incidence rate remains relatively high. This study undertook a thorough review and assessment of the existing Fire Management System (FMS) for Sharjah's residential sector, leading to the recommendation of a more robust framework. Through a series of literature reviews, interviews with stakeholders, and surveys, using analytical techniques such as the Delphi method and Failure Mode Effect and Criticality Analysis, vital factors that influence the FMS's effectiveness were pinpointed. The study exposed that the current FMS was largely reactive. In response, a proactive framework incorporating nine essential components was designed to strengthen the Sharjah FMS. These components span across various domains such as fire assurance, assessment of fire risks, management of accidents, evaluation of performance, training programs, research and development initiatives, digital services, monitoring of regulatory compliance, firefighting strategies, automated responses to fires, recovery processes, as well as the use of resilient materials and architectural design considerations. Furthermore, the research introduced two specific fire indexes, the HRBFI and the EFRI. Anchored in the principles of Systems Thinking and Industry 4.0, this proposed framework is aimed at streamlining Sharjah's approach to fire management in dwellings, with the objective of diminishing the frequency of fire incidents yearly. The ultimate aspiration of this framework is to enhance the Emirate's standing in terms of safety and to guarantee a living environment that is safeguarded against the risk of fires..
The Relationship between Depression Symptoms and Physical Activity in Children with Idiopathic Ventricular Extrasystoles
Authors: Kunigeliene Rita , Kinčinienė Odeta , Usonis Vytautas , Lesinskienė Sigita
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives
Depression in childhood often co-occurs with anxiety disorders and a range of somatic symptoms. Recent studies have identified physical activity as a target for preventing the onset of depression. Idiopathic ventricular extrasystoles (VE) in children are sometimes associated with somatic symptoms and limitations in physical activity. The problem of arrhythmia existence can also be distressing for children and their parents. The study was conducted to determine the relationship between symptoms of depression, physical activity and somatic symptoms in children with idiopathic VE.

Materials and Methods
The study of children with structurally normal hearts and VE was approved by the Ethics Committee No. 2021/10-1383˗859(1). The authors developed Questionnaire to assess symptoms, physical activity, and general well-being. Symptoms of depression evaluated with modified pediatric PHQ-9 (MP-PHQ-9) questionnaire with the interpretation of 0-4 scores for none; 5-9 mild; 10-14 moderate; >15 severe depression. Children aged ≥12 years and parents who assessed their children's condition completed Questionnaires. All children underwent 24-hour electrocardiography and echocardiography to evaluate arrhythmia frequency and cardiac condition.

Results
Questionnaires were completed by 60 children’s parents and 39 children (≥12 years old). Median children’s age was 13 (5-17) years. Palpitations experienced 26 (43.3%), chest pain 13 (21.7%), exercise intolerance 15 (25%) children. All patients had normal ventricular function and hemodynamically normal hearts. The median score of the MP-PHQ-9 completed by parents was 2 (0-16); by children - 4 (0-18). The median VE frequency was 4,77 (0,1-32,77) % per 24 hours. Extra-sports participation had 31 (51.7%) children with a median time of 3.75 (0.75-25) hours/ week. Eleven-patients were suspended from sports. There was no significant difference between VE frequency, and MP-PHQ-9 scores. Higher MP-PHQ-9 scores showed <5 hours/week active symptomatic children.

Conclusions
Idiopathic VE, limitations in physical activity and depression remain the actual theme for clinicians and need further research. Higher depression scores showed patients with somatic symptoms.
Automated Detection of Dysprosody in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Nylén Fredrik
Published: December 2023

Dysprosody is a commonly described feature of speech deterioration due to Parkinson’s disease. Descriptions of the tonal movements underlying dysprosody have been attempted but has not afforded automation. The current study assessed a fully automated acoustic analysis pipeline in terms of its ability to predict human raters’ perception of dysprosody in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Read speech samples of 68 speakers with PD (45 male and 23 female) aged 65.0±9.8 years were assessed by four human clinical experts in terms of dysprosody severity. The recordings were also submitted to a speech processing pipeline in which portions with speech were identified and provided with a parametrization of intonation. Five models were trained and tuned based on 75% of utterances and their perceptual evaluations in a 10-fold cross-validation procedure and evaluated in terms of their ability to predict the perceptual assessments of recordings not included in the training. The performances of models were compared to human raters’ agreement with the majority vote on a speech sample. The results showed that human raters’ assessments of dysprosody can be approximated by the automated procedure. Variability in pitch does not adequately describe the level of dysprosody due to Parkinson’s disease.
Mast Cells in Cardiac Remodeling: Focus on the Right Ventricle
Authors: Mamazhakypov Argen , Maripov Abdirashit , Sarybaev Akpay S. , Schermuly Ralph Theo , Sydykov Akylbek
Published: December 2023

In response to various stressors, cardiac chambers undergo structural remodeling. Long-term exposure of the right ventricle (RV) to pressure or volume overload leads to its maladaptive remodeling, associated with RV failure and increased mortality. While left ventricular adverse remodeling is well understood and therapeutic options are available or emerging, RV remodeling remains underexplored and no specific therapies are currently available. Accumulating evidence implicates a role of mast cells in RV remodeling. Mast cells produce and release numerous inflammatory mediators, growth factors and proteases that can adversely affect cardiac cells, thus contributing to cardiac remodeling. Recent experimental findings suggest that mast cells might represent a potential therapeutic target. This review examines the role of mast cells in cardiac remodeling with specific focus on RV remodeling and explores the potential efficacy of therapeutic interventions targeting mast cells to mitigate adverse RV remodeling.