bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive detection of pathogens in immunocompromised children with bloodstream infections by next-generation sequencing
Authors: Horiba Kazuhiro , Kawada Jun-ichi , Okuno Yusuke , Tetsuka Nobuyuki , Suzuki Takako , Ando Shotaro , Kamiya Yasuko , Torii Yuka , Yagi Tetsuya , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Ito Yoshinori
Published: February 2018

Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a severe complication in immunocompromised patients. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows us to analyze comprehensively and quantitatively all microorganisms present in a clinical sample. Thirty-five pediatric patients (12 with BSI and 23 with suspected BSI/negative blood culture) were enrolled. Plasma/serum samples were used for sequencing and the results were compared with those from blood culture. Sequencing reads of bacteria isolated in blood culture were identified by NGS in all plasma/serum samples at disease onset. Bacteria isolated in blood culture were identical to the dominant bacteria by NGS in 8 of 12 patients. Bacterial reads per million reads of the sequence depth (BR) > 200 and relative importance values of the dominant bacteria (P1) > 0.5 were employed to determine causative pathogens. Causative pathogens were detected using these criteria in 7 of 12 patients with BSI. Additionally, causative bacteria were detected in the plasma/serum at 7 days before disease onset in two patients with catheter-related BSI. Causative pathogens, including virus, were identified in three patients with suspected BSI. Lastly, a total of 62 resistance genes were detected by NGS. In conclusion, NGS is a new method to identify causative microorganisms in BSI and may predict BSI in some patients.
Morphological characterization of the progenies of pure and reciprocal crosses of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Okomoda Tosin Victor , Koh Ivan Chu Chong , Hassan Anuar , Amornsakun Thumronk , Shahreza Sherif Md
Published: February 2018

Twenty-five traditional and thirty-four geometric morphometric comparisons were carried out on pure and reciprocal crosses of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Thirty fish samples each of the C. gariepinus (CH), P. hypophthalmus (PH), Pangapinus (♀PH × ♂CG) and the two distinct morphotypes of the Clariothalmus (♀CG × ♂PH) (Clarias-like and Panga-like) between the ages of four and six months were used for this study. Phenotypically, the Clarias-like Clariothalmus and the Pangapinus progenies were indistinguishable from their maternal parents while the Panga-like Clariothalmus was a phenotypic intermediary of the putative parents but looks more closely to the paternal parent. Hence, both univariate proportion and multivariate analysis of the collected data successfully separated the different fishes into three multivariate spaces. The analysis of the dendrogram with complete linkage and Euclidean distance further showed the close relationship of the isolated Panga-like Clariothalmus progenies to the paternal parent, however, Clarias-like Clariothalmus and the Pangapinus were completely intermingled with their maternal parents. The most important index of discrimination of these fishes into different multivariate spaces was the fin characteristic which showed 100% exclusive ranges for the individual groups in many cases.
Experimental demonstration of conformal phased array antenna via transformation optics
Authors: Lei Juan , Yang Juxing , Chen Xi , Zhang Zhiya , Fu Guang , Hao Yang
Published: February 2018

Transformation Optics has been proven a versatile technique for designing novel electromagnetic devices and it has much wider applicability in many subject areas related to general wave equations. Among them, quasi-conformal transformation optics (QCTO) can be applied to minimize anisotropy of transformed media and has opened up the possibility to the design of broadband antennas with arbitrary geometries. In this work, a wide-angle scanning conformal phased array based on all-dielectric QCTO lens is designed and experimentally demonstrated. Excited by the same current distribution as such in a conventional planar array, the conformal system in presence of QCTO lens can preserve the same radiation characteristics of a planar array with wide-angle beam-scanning and low side lobe level (SLL). Laplace’s equation subject to Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions is adopted to construct the mapping between the virtual and physical spaces. The isotropic lens with graded refractive index is realized by all-dielectric holey structure after an effective parameter approximation. The measurements of the fabricated system agree well with the simulated results, which demonstrate its excellent wide-angle beam scanning performance. Such demonstration paves the way to a robust but efficient array synthesis, as well as multi-beam and beam forming realization of conformal arrays via transformation optics.
Dynamic ionic crosslinks enable high strength and ultrastretchability in a single elastomer
Authors: Miwa Yohei , Kurachi Junosuke , Kohbara Yu , Kutsumizu Shoichi
Published: February 2018

Maintenance-free self-healing elastomers that switch their mechanical properties on demand would be extremely useful materials for improving the functionalities, safety, energy efficiency, and lifetimes of many kinds of products and devices. However, strength and stretchability are conflicting properties for elastomers because the inherent crosslinking density of a polymeric network is unchangeable. For example, heavily crosslinked elastomers are strong, but poorly stretchable. Here we report an ionically crosslinked polyisoprene elastomer in which the ionic moieties are continually hopping between ionic aggregates at room temperature. Thus, the network is dynamic. This elastomer spontaneously self-heals without the input of external energy or healing agents. Furthermore, it behaves like a strong elastic material under rapid deformation, but acts like a highly stretchable and viscoelastic material under slow deformation. Our ionic elastomer shows a variety of notable mechanical properties, including high fracture strength (≈7 MPa), good toughness (≈70 MJ m−3), and ultrastretchability (>13,400%).
Magnetic fluctuations in single-layer FeSe
Authors: Shishidou T. , Agterberg D. F. , Weinert M.
Published: February 2018

The electronic structure of single-layer FeSe films on SrTiO3 presents a quandary: experimentally there is no long-range magnetic order, but the observed bands are reasonably well described by density functional calculations assuming the checkerboard antiferromagnetic (CB-AFM) ordering despite this configuration not being the calculated ground state. Here we investigate the paramagnetic nature of this system via first-principles spin-spiral calculations. Fits of the spin-spiral dispersion to spin models place this S = 1 spin system in a region of parameter space where CB-AFM quantum fluctuations lead to a magnetically disordered paramagnetic state. Modeling the paramagnetic state as an incoherent superposition of spin-spiral states arising from thermal and/or quantum fluctuations, the resulting electronic bands around the Fermi level are found to closely resemble those of the ordered CB-AFM configuration, thus providing a consistent explanation of the angle-resolved photoemission observations. These results suggest that CB-AFM fluctuations play a more important role than previously thought.
Water oxidation catalyzed by two cobalt complexes: new challenges and questions
Authors: Najafpour Mohammad Mahdi , Feizi Hadi
Published: February 2018

Herein, two cobalt complexes as true catalysts for water oxidation were investigated.
Covalent functionalization of black phosphorus nanoflakes by carbon free radicals for durable air and water stability
Authors: Hu Haiguo , Gao Hong , Gao Lili , Li Feng , Xu Na , Long Xuefeng , Hu Yiping , Jin Jun , Ma Jiantai
Published: February 2018

This work developed a simple and efficient method to covalently functionalize black phosphorus nanoflakes (BPNFs) with carbon free radicals from azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN) molecules.
Investigation on converting 1-butene and ethylene into propene via metathesis reaction over W-based catalysts
Authors: Zuo Guangzheng , Xu Yuebing , Zheng Jiao , Jiang Feng , Liu Xiaohao
Published: February 2018

The molecular level mechanism for conversion of 1-butene and ethylene into desired propene over W/SBA-15 catalysts has been elucidated.
Rapid access to diverse, trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes using complementary strategies
Authors: Phelan James P. , Wiles Rebecca J. , Lang Simon B. , Kelly Christopher B. , Molander Gary A.
Published: February 2018

Herein describes two complementary methods, a one-step cross-coupling and the functionalization of a ‘masked’ functionality, to access diverse trifluoromethyl alkenes.
Stretch-induced complexation reaction between poly(vinyl alcohol) and iodine: anin situsynchrotron radiation small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering study
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Qianlei , Ji Youxin , Su Fengmei , Meng Lingpu , Qi Zeming , Lin Yuanfei , Li Xueyu , Chen Xiaowei , Lv Fei , Li Liangbin
Published: February 2018

A morphological and structural phase diagram of PVA and iodine is constructed in the strain–iodine concentration space.
Defect formation dynamics in curved elastic surface crystals
Authors: Stoop Norbert , Dunkel Jörn
Published: February 2018

Topological defect statistics in curved elastic surface crystals follow universal scaling laws under stress-quenching.
Soft to tough: ordering in and tack of polymeric materials
Authors: Inozemtsev Vladimir A. , Gamov Artemii L. , Moscalets Alexander P.
Published: February 2018

Anisotropy of probe tack curve in quasi-2D experiment on uniaxial stretched PVP–PEG-400 adhesive film.
Dilution induced coacervation in polyelectrolyte–micelle and polyelectrolyte–protein systems
Authors: Xu Amy Y. , Kizilay Ebru , Madro Slawomir P. , Vadenais Justin Z. , McDonald Kianan W. , Dubin Paul L.
Published: February 2018

“Self-suppression”, the instability of complex coacervates at high concentration, is well-known for polycation–polyanion systems, but the transient nature of those complexes impedes development of a convincing model.
Imidazolate-mediated assembled structures of Co-LDH sheets for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: Chen Liyong , Guo Yuting , Wang Huifang , Gu Zhizhi , Zhang Yingyue , Li Xuezhao , Wang Hong , Duan Chunying
Published: February 2018

To fully achieve an eco-friendly means of storing electricity in the form of chemical fuels, the development of a green synthetic route towards highly active oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is required.
Progress in fullerene-based hybrid perovskite solar cells
Authors: Castro Edison , Murillo Jesse , Fernandez-Delgado Olivia , Echegoyen Luis
Published: February 2018

This comprehensive review describes the fullerenes reported in perovskite solar cells since the first report in 2013.
Encapsulation of metal nanostructures into metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Chen Liyu , Luque Rafael , Li Yingwei
Published: February 2018

Recent developments in controlling the location, composition, shape, and structure of metal nanostructures in MOFs for a variety of applications.
Highly porous and chemical resistive P(TFEMA–DVB) monolith with tunable morphology for rapid oil/water separation
Authors: Wan Xiaozheng , Azhar Umair , Wang Yongkang , Chen Jian , Xu Anhou , Zhang Shuxiang , Geng Bing
Published: February 2018

A facile preparation for a series of porous poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethylmethacrylate–divinylbenzene) P(TFEMA–DVB) foams is discussed in this paper.
Composites based on heparin and MIL-101(Fe): the drug releasing depot for anticoagulant therapy and advanced medical nanofabrication
Authors: Vinogradov Vladimir V. , Drozdov Andrey S. , Mingabudinova Leila R. , Shabanova Emiliya M. , Kolchina Nina O. , Anastasova Elizaveta I. , Markova Alina A. , Shtil Alexander A. , Milichko Valentin A. , Starova Galina L. , Precker Rafaella L. M. , Vinogradov Alexandr V. , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie , Pidko Evgeny A.
Published: February 2018

We describe the synthesis and properties of a new composite material based on heparin and MIL-101(Fe) metal–organic framework.
Solar wind temperature anisotropy constraints from streaming instabilities
Authors: Vafin S. , Lazar M. , Fichtner H. , Schlickeiser R. , Drillisch M.
Published: February 2018

Due to the relatively low rate of particle-particle collisions in the solar wind, kinetic instabilities (e.g., the mirror and firehose) play an important role in regulating large deviations from temperature isotropy. These instabilities operate in the high β∥ > 1 plasmas, and cannot explain the other limits of the temperature anisotropy reported by observations in the low beta β∥ < 1 regimes. However, the instability conditions are drastically modified in the presence of streaming (or counterstreaming) components, which are ubiquitous in space plasmas. These effects have been analyzed for the solar wind conditions in a large interval of heliospheric distances, 0.3–2.5 AU. It was found that proton counter-streams are much more crucial for plasma stability than electron ones. Moreover, new instability thresholds can potentially explain all observed bounds on the temperature anisotropy, and also the level of differential streaming in the solar wind.
Fibrolamellar Carcinoma: Recent Advances and Unresolved Questions on the Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Lalazar Gadi , Simon Sanford
Published: February 2018

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) is a rare form of primary liver cancer that affects adolescents and young adults without underlying liver disease. Surgery remains the mainstay of therapy; however, most patients are either not surgical candidates or suffer from recurrence. There is no approved systemic therapy and the overall survival remains poor. Historically classified as a subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), FLC has a unique clinical, histological, and molecular presentation. At the genomic level, FLC contains a single 400kB deletion in chromosome 19, leading to a functional DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion protein. In this review, we detail the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of FLC and outline the current knowledge gaps.
Genetic and Epigenetic Heterogeneity in Normal Liver Homeostasis and Its Implications for Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Cancer
Authors: Hlady Ryan , Robertson Keith
Published: February 2018

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary tumor of the liver, and is steadily becoming one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Liver resection, which is the recommended procedure for early localized HCC, results in frequent recurrence (50–70%), while the standard of care for late-stage HCC, multikinase inhibitors, only improves survival by a few months. The lack of success for these treatment modalities is attributable, at least in part, to marked phenotypic heterogeneity within the tumor. Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) has emerged as a defining characteristic of human tumors, with individual cancer cells displaying distinct differences in properties including growth rate, metastatic capacity, and response to treatment. This heterogeneity, which is unlikely to be captured from a biopsy, impacts outcome because a single treatment targeting one cancer-specific pathway would spare tumor cells having distinct characteristics. Development of effective biomarkers remains a major challenge for similar reasons. Understanding, interpreting, and circumventing the impact of ITH is therefore paramount for developing reliable biomarkers and designing effective individualized treatment strategies for HCC.
Hepatic Damage by Natural Remedies
Authors: Medina-Caliz Inmaculada , Gonzalez-Jimenez Andres , Garcia-Cortes Miren , Lucena M. Isabel , Andrade Raul
Published: February 2018

The rising burden of herbal and dietary supplement hepatotoxicity (HILI) is a growing concern in Western countries. The estimated incidence of HILI in well-designed prospective studies ranges from less than 1 to 3 individuals per 100,000 inhabitants/year. Herbal hepatotoxicity has a particular signature encompassing female predominance, hepatocellular type of damage with markedly elevated transaminases on presentation, more common unintentional rechallenge, and a greater risk of death/liver transplantation. Herbal hepatotoxicity recognition is particularly challenging for hepatologists because of the often hidden herbal consumption, difficulties in identifying the causative herbal component, and the possibility of contamination, adulteration, and misidentification, which preclude a proper adjudication and lead to inaccurate reporting of cases in scientific journals. Collaborative efforts to retrieve detailed phenotypic data and biological samples of patients with HILI would facilitate genomic and other molecular approaches for a better understanding of host risk factors and, hopefully, for biomarker identification.
The Receptor Interacting Protein Kinases in the Liver
Authors: Dara Lily
Published: February 2018

The receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase1 and 3 (RIPK1, RIPK3) are regulators of cell death and survival. RIPK1 kinase activity is required for necroptosis and apoptosis, while its scaffolding function is necessary for survival. Although both proteins can mediate apoptosis, RIPK1 and RIPK3 are most well-known for their role in the execution of necroptosis via the mixed lineage domain like pseudokinase. Necroptosis is a caspase-independent regulated cell death program which was first described in cultured cells with unknown physiologic relevance in the liver. Many recent reports have suggested that RIPK1 and/or RIPK3 participate in liver disease pathogenesis and cell death. Notably, both proteins have been shown to mediate inflammation independent of cell death. Whether necroptosis occurs in hepatocytes, and how it is executed in the presence of an intact caspase machinery is controversial. In spite of this controversy, it is evident that RIPK1 and RIPK3 participate in many experimental liver disease models. Therefore, in addition to cell death signaling, their necroptosis-independent role warrants further examination.
Three-Dimensional Printed Facial Models in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Klosterman Tristan , Romo III Thomas
Published: February 2018

Digital patient photography and morphing software have become an important part of rhinoplasty over the past few decades. Presented is a novel technology incorporating 3D photography and printing to produce life-size models for use in patient evaluation and treatment. Surveys were conducted to assess patient response and were universally positive. Early surgeon experience also indicates benefit for intraoperative use. Three-dimensional printing and modeling is a new technology that has exciting applications for rhinoplasty and facial plastic surgery.
Combined Open and Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Resection of a Rare Endometrial Carcinoma Metastasis
Authors: Stamates Melissa , Lee John , Merrell Ryan , Shinners Michael , Wong Ricky
Published: February 2018

In the absence of significant extracranial disease, patients with solitary brain metastases have shown benefit with resection. Brain lesions due to endometrial cancer are uncommon, and the only described skull base involvement is limited to the pituitary gland. We report the case of a 60-year-old female with endometrial cancer who presented with weeks of right cheek pain and numbness that was accompanied by headaches. We describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and surgical resection of a solitary endometrial metastasis involving the infratemporal fossa, middle fossa, cavernous sinus, trigeminal nerve, and nasal sinuses. Due to extensive nasal and lateral involvement, a combined open and endoscopic approach was planned. The patient was discharged home without complication. She underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. Despite its suspected indolent course, intracranial endometrial adenocarcinoma metastases are gaining higher prevalence. This case report documents the first direct neural spread of an endometrial primary, and highlights the potential for extra-axial sites of metastasis.
Mammakarzinom: Diagnostik und Therapie – das Wichtigste für den Internisten
Authors: Hamann Ulrich , Ankel Christine
Published: February 2018

Learning Objectives After reviewing this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the epidemiology of breast cancer, its incidence and impact. 2. Appreciate the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. 3. Understand the concept of comprehensive breast cancer management and its multidisciplinarity. 4. Be knowledgeable about the entire process required to manage breast cancer, since the early diagnosis until the management of non breast related conditions derived from the treatment. 5. Position their specialty and knowledge in the process and know clearly their role and involvement in the management of the patients with breast cancer.

Summary Breast carcinoma accounts for the majority of the malignant diseases in women. In Germany has an estimated incidence of 70 000 new cases per year, which is 30 % of all the malignancies in women, predominantly between 45 and 83 years old, although it can affect as well younger women and men, the latter, in a very low rate. It is accountable for 17.4 % mortality in the country.

The high frequency and impact of the mammary carcinoma had lead to the establishment and standardization of screening programs, encompassing self examination, early and regular consultation, sonography and mammography, aimed to the early detection not only of primary disease but also in recurrent or relapsing disease, and continued following up after treatment. Several treatment strategies and tools have been developed and are being chosen in accordance to the histology and biology of the tumor, the patient condition, the social and familiar status, with the increase of conservation of the mammary gland either by adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapies, with radiotherapy or by breast conserving surgery, improving therefore the quality of living without compromising the disease free survival. Next step in the process is the follow up, intended to maintain the patients the healthiest possible, not only from the malignancy but also minimizing the effects of the treatment strategies, incorporating lifestyle improving measures e.g. sports and nutrition, and alternative medicine resources like acupuncture, hence improving the disease free survival rate, the overall survival and diminishing the disease related impact yet personal, familiar, social and economical.

The aim of this CME is to give a thorough review of this multifactorial entity, helping the healthcare professional understand the scientific aspects of it and, through comprehensive reading, provide a clear understanding of their role and degree of involvement in the breast cancer management process.
Vegetarische Kostformen in der Kinderernährung?
Authors: Kersting Mathilde , Kalhoff Hermann , Melter Michael , Lücke Thomas
Published: February 2018

In Germany, the “Dietary Schedule for the 1st year of life” and the “Optimised Mixed Diet” for children and adolescents serve as scientifically based and generally applicable dietary concepts throughout the period of growth and development. Vegetarian diets as the lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (exclusion of meat, fish) and the vegan diet (exclusion of all food groups of animal origin) need to be evaluated for their potential to safely meet the high and specific requirements for growth and development. In this regard, high-quality studies are needed. In individuals on lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets, the safe supply with critical nutrients should be checked by thorough dietary history, possibly additional laboratory tests in risk situations like pregnancy, infancy and toddlerhood. Children on pure vegan diet need ongoing elaborate dietary strategies and continuous supplementation at any age, similar to nutritional management in children with metabolic disorders. A vegan diet is disadvised during all periods with intense growth and development.
Die Naht der frischen vorderen Kreuzbandruptur mit dynamischer intraligamentärer Stabilisierung – eine Alternative zur vorderen Kreuzbandersatzplastik bei sportlich aktiven jungen Patienten
Authors: Ihle Christoph , Nakayama H. , Gonser Christoph , Stöckle Ulrich , Döbele Stefan , Schröter Steffen , Ahrend Marc-Daniel , Ateschrang Atesch
Published: February 2018

Zielsetzung Der Ersatz des vorderen Kreuzbands (VKB) mit autologem Sehnentransplantat ist derzeit der Goldstandard zur Behandlung der VKB-Ruptur. Gute Ergebnisse wurden berichtet, wobei Langzeitresultate erhöhte Arthroseraten zeigten. Als Ursachen werden verbleibende Instabilitäten und der Propriozeptionsverlust trotz und durch den VKB-Ersatz diskutiert. Eine neue Alternative zur Behandlung frischer VKB-Rupturen stellt die VKB-Naht mit temporärer dynamischer intraligamentärer Stabilisierung (DIS) dar, wobei das readaptierte und heilende VKB durch die DIS über einen Zeitraum von ca. 3 – 5 Monaten biomechanisch geschützt wird. Nach längstens 6 Monaten hat die DIS keine Funktion mehr und das verheilte VKB übernimmt die gesamte Stabilisierung. Dieser Videobeitrag soll das operative Verfahren zum Erhalt des VKB demonstrieren.

Indikation Die Indikation zum VKB-Erhalt beinhaltet frische (< 21 Tage) VKB-Rupturen des femurnahen Drittels mit einer sagittalen Translation von > 5 mm im Seitenvergleich bzw. einem positiven Pivot-Shift-Test. Der VKB-Erhalt kann jungen und sportlich aktiven Patienten angeboten werden, wobei die Wachstumsfuge am Tibiakopf weitestgehend verschlossen sein sollte.

Methode Ein 22-jähriger Patient mit VKB-Läsion wurde 3 Wochen nach Kniegelenksdistorsion mit VKB-Naht und DIS versorgt.

Schlussfolgerung Die VKB-Naht mit DIS ist eine operative Option zum Erhalt des VKB sowie möglicherweise der Propriozeption.
Indication, Technique and Long-term Results after Shoulder Arthrodesis Performed with Plate Fixation
Authors: Irlenbusch Ulrich , Rott Olaf , Irlenbusch Lars
Published: February 2018

Aim Arthrodesis of the shoulder joint is a radical event, so it is difficult to explain its significance to patients. It has been the last resort in hopeless cases. Knowledge of long-term results and evaluation of advantages and disadvantages seems to be helpful in this regard.

Methods Eleven patients with mean age of 45 (31 – 58) years were operated between 2000 and 2013. All patients could be included in the investigation (FU mean 8.5 [3 – 16] years; 8 male and 3 female; right 9, left 2). Patients had the following indications: persistent instability 5 (2 with epilepsy), rotator cuff rupture 2 (1× after combined latissimus dorsi and teres major transfer), brachial plexus injury/defect 2, locked dislocation 1 and posttraumatic arthropathy 1. Fixation with DC plate (pre-bent to 110°) was used in all cases; with special focus on placing at least one screw in the scapular neck. The targeted arthrodesis position was abduction 30°, forward flexion 30°, and internal rotation 30°.

Results Active abduction improved from 12 to 63°, forward flexion from 21 to 79° and internal rotation from 10 to 47° (mean values). In the resting position with hanging arm aside, mean abduction was 3° and forward flexion 8°. Nine of 11 patients had considerable relief of pain, from 8.3 to 2.4 points VAS. Five patients rated the outcome as excellent, 3 as good and 1 as satisfactory. Nine patients would repeat the procedure. In summary, an Oxford Shoulder Score of 31.6 points was achieved, and SSV of 58%. Bony fusion was achieved in all cases, 3 – 4 months p. o. in mean. There were no important neurological or angiological complications.

Conclusions Plate arthrodesis in the technique used achieves high fusion and a low complication rate. Relief of pain and functional improvement are astonishing. Analysis of our results indicates that correction of the positions mentioned above is necessary: i. o. arthrodesis position for abduction 25° (by means of pre-bending plate of 105°), forward flexion 20° and internal rotation 30° are suggested.
Die homöopathische Behandlung des Eosinophilen Granulom-Komplexes bei einem Perserkater
Authors: Hentschel Brigitte
Published: February 2018

Der Fallbericht zeigt, wie es nach der Gabe von Lycopodium und Sulfur, letztendlich der Nosode Tuberkulinum gelang, einen geplagten Perserkater von seiner Hautkrankheit zu befreien. Dabei wird dargestellt, wie nützlich es ist, bei komplizierten Fällen die Miasmatik mit einzubeziehen. Zudem werden die beiden Nosoden Tuberkulinum Koch und Tuberkulinum bovinum differenzialdiagnostisch gegenübergestellt.
Correction to: Alignments between strategic content and process structure: the case of container terminal service process automation
Authors: Wang Ping , Mileski Joan P. , Zeng Qingcheng
Published: February 2018

We regret that one of the author’s names (Qingcheng Zeng) was misspelt in the original version of the article and the order in which the authors appeared was incorrect.
Coupled-channel study of the Rydberg–valence interaction in HBr
Authors: Alekseyev A. B. , Liebermann H.-P. , Vázquez G. J. , Lefebvre-Brion H.
Published: February 2018

We report an ab initio study of the low-lying valence and Rydberg states of HBr. The calculations are carried out employing the multireference single- and double-excitation configuration interaction method including the spin–orbit interaction. The first excited adiabatic potential of 1Σ+ symmetry presents two minima which correspond to the Rydberg E1Σ+ and valence V1Σ+ observed states. We calculate the vibrational levels of these two states using a coupled-channel treatment based on the two diabatic potentials deduced from the ab initio adiabatic potentials and the Rydberg–valence interaction. The chaotic energy separations between the observed levels are well reproduced in the calculations. We have also obtained for the first time theoretical data for numerous Rydberg states of HBr lying in the (66–79) × 103 cm−1 excitation energy interval. The calculated spectroscopic parameters are found to be in good agreement with experiment and provide a basis for future studies of radiative and non-radiative processes in the HBr molecule.
The secrets of sedimenting star polymers
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: February 2018

Scientists find that the strength of external force controls the structural and transport behavior of star polymers during sedimentation.
Conservation and health of Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi)
Authors: Shima Amy L. , Berger Lee , Skerratt Lee F.
Published: February 2018

Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi) is an iconic species in far north Queensland yet little is known about its health or population status. Studies on this species have been conducted in a limited number of locations and focused primarily on ecology, habitat use and home-range size. The species is relatively common in the Atherton Tablelands but habitat loss, predation by domestic, feral and wild dogs, vehicle strike, low fecundity, and disease have been identified as threats to the population. We review knowledge of population ecology and threats for this species, and include a novel collation of disease reports on all tree-kangaroos with particular reference to Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo. Health of Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo appears to be impacted by the increase in humans and domestic animals in their range. There have been reports of melioidosis, toxoplasmosis, tick paralysis and blindness in wild tree-kangaroos. We identify where increased information on health and population viability will improve conservation and management of the species.
Assessing the role of genetics for improving the yield of Australia’s major grain crops on acid soils
Authors: Ryan Peter R.
Published: February 2018

Acid soils (pH <5.0) continue to limit the yields of Australia’s major crops and restrict their cultivation. These soils pose various abiotic stresses that restrict or affect plant growth in different ways. Chief among these stresses is aluminium (Al3+) toxicity, which inhibits root growth. Soil acidification can occur naturally but certain agricultural practices accelerate the process. The most effective management practice for slowing and reversing acidification is the application of lime (calcium carbonate). Liming has increased over the last 25 years but it can take several years to ameliorate subsoil acidity and the application rates in some areas remain too low to avoid further acidification. If left unmanaged, acidification will degrade agricultural land and cause larger yield losses in the future. Crops that are better adapted to acid soils are important resources because they help to maintain production while amelioration efforts continue. Significant genotypic variation for acid-soil tolerance has been reported in wheat, barley and pulse species and improvements to yield are likely by pyramiding the optimal genetic loci controlling this trait through breeding. Further increases in production might also be possible with wider crosses to related species and through genetic engineering. This review assesses the potential of genetics and biotechnology for increasing the yields of Australia’s major grain crops on acid soils.
Rock-art microbiome: influences on long term preservation of historic and culturally important engravings
Authors: Gleeson Deirdre B , Leopold Matthias , Smith Benjamin , Black John L
Published: February 2018

The Burrup Peninsula in north-west Western Australia is home to one of the most substantial collections of rock engravings, or petroglyphs, in the world. These petroglyphs are carved through the dark coloured patina, commonly referred to as rock varnish, into the weathering rind of the local parent rock. Rock varnish is essentially a thin layer of manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) oxides and hydroxides with embedded clay minerals, the formation of which is relatively poorly understood. It is generally considered to be a hostile environment for microorganisms due to extreme environmental conditions including low nutrient availability, lack of water, exposure to extreme ultraviolet radiation and intense seasonal and diurnal temperature fluctuations. However, despite these environmental extremes, microorganisms have been found on and in rock varnish and have been reported as playing a significant role in the formation of rock varnish. Given this, it is likely that any change in local environmental conditions will influence the types and activities of microorganisms found in and on rock varnish and associated rock art. This article focuses on the major influences on the microbiome of culturally important rock art in the Burrup Peninsula and the implications of any environmental change on the rock art itself.
Sleep in wildland firefighters: what do we know and why does it matter?
Authors: Vincent Grace E. , Aisbett Brad , Wolkow Alexander , Jay Sarah M. , Ridgers Nicola D. , Ferguson Sally A.
Published: February 2018

Wildland firefighters perform physical work while being subjected to multiple stressors and adverse, volatile working environments for extended periods. Recent research has highlighted sleep as a significant and potentially modifiable factor impacting operational performance. The aim of this review was to (1) examine the existing literature on firefighters’ sleep quantity and quality during wildland firefighting operations; (2) synthesise the operational and environmental factors that impact on sleep during wildland firefighting; and (3) assess how sleep impacts aspects of firefighters’ health and safety, including mental and physical health, physical task performance, physical activity and cognitive performance. Firefighters’ sleep is restricted during wildfire deployments, particularly when shifts have early start times, are of long duration and when sleeping in temporary accommodation. Shortened sleep impairs cognitive but not physical performance under simulated wildfire conditions. The longer-term impacts of sleep restriction on physiological and mental health require further research. Work shifts should be structured, wherever possible, to provide regular and sufficient recovery opportunities (rest during and sleep between shifts), especially in dangerous working environments where fatigue-related errors have severe consequences. Fire agencies should implement strategies to improve and manage firefighters’ sleep and reduce any adverse impacts on firefighters’ work.
What’s the matter with being Indonesian? A social representation approach to unravelling Indonesian national identity / ¿Qué significa ser indonesio? Una perspectiva de la representación social para desentrañar la identidad nacional indonesia
Authors: Zein Rizqy A.
Published: February 2018

Due to its diverse nature, being an Indonesian is sometimes confusing as it entails overlapping national, ethnic and religious identity. By using a social representation approach, online survey research involving 114 Indonesians was carried out to explore these questions: How do Indonesians negotiate their ethnic, religious and national identity? What identity markers should one possess to claim being an Indonesian? And lastly, who is the nationalist? Research findings suggest that national and ethnic identity as well as ethnic and religious identity were consensual, while the relation between religious and national identity was emancipated. It is also found that being a Muslim and possessing a stronger sense of ethnic identity would increase the likelihood of being a prouder Indonesian, while being a female, living abroad for 5–10 years, being a nationalist Muslim and embracing transnational Islamic movements reduced the probability of having a stronger sense of national identity.
3. Demetrius the Besieger and Hellenistic kingship
Authors: Thonemann Peter
Published: February 2018

Kingship in the early Hellenistic world was primarily a matter of power and war was at the heart of Hellenistic kingship. ‘Demetrius the Besieger and Hellenistic kingship’ begins with the mission of Demetrius, son of Antigonus, in 307 bc to ‘liberate’ the cities of Greece from the Macedonian dynast Cassander, Antigonus’ chief rival for control of the Aegean. It describes the outstanding charisma, dazzling military success, and colossal personal wealth of Demetrius, who was treated as both king and god by his subjects. Each king wielded absolute power in his own domain, but each monarch was also part of a wider ‘royal club’, a rich source of potential allies, rivals, and marital partners.
4. Eratosthenes and the system of the world
Authors: Thonemann Peter
Published: February 2018

Few aspects of the Hellenistic world have captivated the modern imagination so much as the Museum and Library of Ptolemaic Alexandria, a dedicated institution of learning and research, populated by librarians, poets, and scholars, and munificently endowed by an enlightened Ptolemaic state. The 3rd and 2nd centuries bc saw spectacular developments in the fields of mathematics, geography, the natural sciences, humanistic scholarship, and poetry. The most impressive figure associated with the Museum was the mathematician, astronomer, chronographer, literary critic, and poet Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c.276–194 bc). ‘Eratosthenes and the system of the world’ outlines the work of Eratosthenes; his contemporary, Archimedes of Syracuse (c.287–212 bc); and the philosophical ‘schools’ of Hellenistic Athens.
5. Encounters
Authors: Thonemann Peter
Published: February 2018

‘Encounters’ travels to the outermost limits of Hellenistic civilization, where Graeco-Macedonian societies of the Mediterranean and western Asia interacted with sophisticated and powerful non-Greek neighbours. In the Far East, it visits the Greek city of Aï Khanoum, on the banks of the Oxus in north-east Afghanistan. To the south, it follows Eudoxus of Cyzicus on his explorative journey across the Southern Ocean, forging the first direct link between Ptolemaic Egypt and the Indian subcontinent. To the north, it visits Olbia in southern Ukraine, a Greek city under constant pressure from Scythian steppe nomads, and in the far west, it examines the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum, the dwelling of a mid-1st-century bc Roman aristocrat.
Applied Mathematics: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Goriely Alain
Published: February 2018

Mathematics is playing an increasingly important role in society and the sciences, enhancing our ability to use models and handle data. Applied Mathematics: A Very Short Introduction introduces the field of applied mathematics and explores its relationships with pure mathematics, science, and engineering. Explaining the nature of applied mathematics, it discusses its early achievements in physics and engineering, and its development as a separate field after World War II. Using historical examples, current applications, and challenges, this VSI illustrates the particular role that mathematics plays in the modern sciences today and its far-reaching potential.
Do you believe in models? Simplicity and complexity
Authors: Goriely Alain
Published: February 2018

Models are central to the world of applied mathematics. In its simplest sense, a model is an abstract representation of a system developed in order to answer specific questions or gain insight into a phenomenon. In general, we expect a model to be based on sound principles, to be mathematically consistent, and to have some predictive or insight value. Models are the ultimate form of quantification since all variables and parameters that appear must be properly defined and quantified for the equations to make sense. ‘Do you believe in models? Simplicity and complexity’ discusses the complexity of models; the steps involved in developing mathematical models—the physics paradigm; and collaborative mathematical modelling.
Do you know the way to solve equations? Spinning tops and chaotic rabbits
Authors: Goriely Alain
Published: February 2018

In applied mathematics it is of the greatest importance to solve equations. These solutions provide information on key quantities and allow us to give specific answers to scientific problems. ‘Do you know the way to solve equations? Spinning tops and chaotic rabbits’ describes the ways to solve equations and differential equations, outlining the key work of mathematicians Sofia Kovalevskaya, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Paul Painlevé, and Henri Poincaré, whose discovery led to the birth of the theory of chaos and dynamical systems. The difference between an exact and a numerical solution is also explained. Numerical analysis has become the principal tool for querying and solving scientific models.
Mathematics, what is it good for? Quaternions, knots, and more DNA
Authors: Goriely Alain
Published: February 2018

Mathematics has an important place in society, but one that is not always obvious. ‘Mathematics, what is it good for? Quarternions, knots, and more DNA’ considers examples of mathematical theories—quarternions and knot theory—that have found unexpected applicability in sciences and engineering. Quaternions, introduced by William Rowan Hamilton in 1843 during his work on complex numbers, are now routinely used in computer graphics, robotics, missile and satellite guidance, as well as in orbital mechanics and control theory. Knot theory has found unexpected applications in the study of many physical and biological systems, including the study of DNA. Another example is the use of number theory in cryptography.
Where are we going? Networks and the brain
Authors: Goriely Alain
Published: February 2018

Applied mathematics sits at the convergence of collaborative modelling and data research. Its role is fundamental to how we understand our world and develop new technologies. Many applied mathematicians see new challenges as an opportunity to expand their mathematical horizon, and in our rapidly changing society, such new challenges abound. ‘Where are we going? Networks and the brain’ considers recent developments in applied mathematics such as network theory, used in modelling the internet and for studying epidemiology, and its use in studying the brain, an organ of extreme complexity. Applied mathematics is being used to create a mathematical theory of the brain, which is crucial for understanding of a host of neurological conditions.
5. The problem of evil
Authors: Bayne Tim
Published: February 2018

Evil represents the most serious challenge to belief in God. Philosophers of religion typically distinguish between two versions of the problem of evil: the logical and the evidential problem. ‘The problem of evil’ focuses on theists who provide two types of response to the problem without modifying the classical theistic conception of God: defences and theodicies. Almost all responses involve an appeal to the ‘greater good strategy’, including soul-making, natural law, and free will. A very different approach to the problem of evil is the sceptical response, which aims only to make plausible the idea that we can’t tell whether or not the evils of the world are absorbed.
1. All creatures great and small
Authors: Yeates James
Published: February 2018

‘All creatures great and small’ provides an abridged history of veterinary science, which helps highlight how veterinary scientific developments have progressed alongside other scientific fields and social changes in how we treat animals. From early civilizations in Mesopotamia to the developing scientific knowledge in Ancient Greece and Rome, and from the 17th-century scientific revolution to the 18th-century Enlightenment, veterinary science has progressed alongside medical knowledge. The impact of the world wars and then increased farming productivity in peacetime is discussed along with modern developments in the digital age. Nowadays, veterinary science is both scientific and clinical, but at its core it is about non-human animal physical, mental, and social well-being.
5. Diseases across species
Authors: Yeates James
Published: February 2018

Some microbes are not very picky about where they live. ‘Diseases across species’ explains that the multi-way spread of microbes and parasites across species is concerning for several reasons: it means they can have a greater impact on more animals—of any species—who can get infected; it enlarges our ‘herd’ of animals through which microbes may spread; and as microbes spread across species, they might change in ways that make them more dangerous for other species. The different ways in which the cross-species spread of microbes can be reduced are discussed along with concern about superbugs—the microbes and parasites that evolve quickly, becoming resistant to antibiotic drugs.
2. Organized crime structures around the globe
Authors: Antonopoulos Georgios A. , Papanicolaou Georgios
Published: February 2018

‘Organized crime structures around the globe’ looks at how different structures of organized crime exist in particular contexts worldwide. It begins by considering the connection between organized crime structures and particular national or cultural contexts as traditionally, and often in popular culture, organized crime has been understood through the lens of ethnic links. The nature, characteristics, and links with the sphere of the ‘upperworld’ (legal businesses, law enforcement, politicians, the state, nationalist organizations, etc.) are also looked at. The key structures of organized crime studied include Italian and Italian-American, British, Russian, Turkish, Latin American, Chinese, Japanese, and outlaw motorcycle gangs.