bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Twin Study on the Heritability of Lipoprotein Fractions
Authors: Hewitt D. , Milner J. , Breckenridge C. , Little J. A. , Kuksis A.
Published: January 2025

Volunteer adult twins (aged 18-65), after a 12-hour fast, provide two 15 ml samples of blood for analysis by Auto Analyzer II, by agarose electrophoresis and by direct gas chromatography. Provisional diagnosis of zygosity is based on subjects' own opinions, supported by dermatoglyphic analysis and, in any difficult case, substantiated by an enzymatic series. Analysis of the AA-II and electrophoresis data on the first 2 × 45 subjects shows a significant positive correlation within MZ pairs for each of the 7 lipid measurements considered, while the estimate of correlation within DZ pairs is lower in every case. Heritability appears to be higher for cholesterol than for triglyceride fractions. The electrophoretic band for the sinking pre-beta lipoprotein fractions has behaved like a simple genetic marker. Interrelationships among different lipoprotein fractions are studied in terms both of phenotypic and genetic correlations, both of which confirm the expected positive association between amounts of triglyceride and of cholesterol in the supernatant (Sf > 20), and both also show negative correlation between the pre-beta and the alpha fractions. Another aspect of the analysis is the study of lipid differences between MZ cotwins in relation to corresponding intrapair differences in body weight and medical history; male, but not female pairs, show a measurable statistical dependence of cholesterol and triglyceride levels on « excess » body weight.
Gene Interaction in the Phenotypic Expression of Mental Diseases
Authors: Braconi Lucio
Published: January 2025

A genealogical analysis is carried out on the pedigrees of 10 twin pairs with two or more psychoses. The probands' symptoms reveal some peculiar aspects, i.e., an atypical phenomenology possibly due to the interference of more pathological genes. Schizophrenia, depression, epilepsy, and obsessive neurosis, are found in the pedigrees in different combinations. The study of these pedigrees would lead to the conclusion that interaction of more than one psychosis gives rise to atypical forms as a result of an attempt to establish a state of balance between opposing dynamic actions, as in reversible chemical reactions. Probands' symptoms are less severe and with an often more favourable prognosis. Epilepsy tends to become independent and the major psychoses seem to be epistatic on it. Af for obsessive-compulsive neurosis, probands may progress into schizophrenia or depression if one of these psychoses is present n the pedigree, or may represent the neurotic form of the major disease.
Ischemic Heart Disease in Death Discordant Twins - A Study on 205 Male and Female Pairs with Special Reference to Hereditary Factors
Authors: de Faire Ulf
Published: January 2025

From January 1971 to March 1973 all twin pairs in the Swedish Twin Registry below the age of 70, who became death-discordant, were continuously recorded. A total of 205 (78%) of the surviving cotwins were examined with respect to different manifestations of ischemic heart diseases (IHD) and several “environmental” and “biometric” risk factors. Among the death-discordant pairs, the cause of death was IHD in 57 pairs and other than IHD in 148 pairs. Analyses revealed that the prevalence rate of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, pathologic Q-wave, and ST depressions in connection with exercise, were significantly higher among the surviving cotwins whose partners had died from IHD than those whose partners had died from other causes. The same trends were seen for most of the risk factors measured both singly and in combination, although not very pronounced. The results indicate a substantial genetic influence in the development of IHD. The genetic influence is possibly transmitted not only through some of the risk factors measured, but also through other factors, still unknown.
Metabolic Research in Monozygotic Twins with Diabetes Mellitus: Progress Report
Authors: Goecke T. , Grote W. , Grueneklee D.
Published: January 2025

An intravenous and oral glucose tolerance test and an intravenous tolbutamide test have been performed in 11 MZ twin pairs, discordant for diabetes mellitus. Blood sugar, immunoreactive insulin, and free fatty acids were determined. The research aimed at finding out whether prediabetic subjects may show any characteristic parameter which could be suggestive of the hereditary disposition. Three MZ twins of juvenile diabetics showed a normal blood glucose, immunoreactive insulin, and free fatty acids during the glucose and tolbutamide loads within a maximum of 10 years observation.
A Case of Simultaneous Interstitial Bilateral Pregnancy
Authors: Pezzani M.
Published: January 2025

Twin pregnancies may present tubal involvement in the following cases: (1) simultaneous intra- and extrauterine pregnancy; (2) interstitial bilateral pregnancy (either simultaneous or not); (3) multiple pregnancy in the same tube; and (4) simultaneous interstitial and ovarian pregnancy.

Interstitial bilateral pregnancy appears to be by far the rarest kind of tubal twin pregnancy, apparently only one case having been reported in the literature, and this referring to a nonsimultaneous pregnancy. A case is now reported that therefore appears to represent the first observation of simultaneous interstitial bilateral pregnancy.
Leukemia in Twins: Antenatal and Postnatal Factors
Authors: Keith Louis , Brown Eric R. , Ames Bruce , Stotsky Michael , Keith Donald M.
Published: January 2025

Two factors emerged from a search for obstetric phenomena that might explain concordance of leukemia in both members of a twin pair within days or months of each other: antenatal exposure to ionizing radiation; and antenatal cojoined intrauterine circulation. In addition, antenatal tumor metastasis and chromosomal changes, antenatal or postnatal, may be contributory. Continued observation of reports should be carried out.
A Proposed Test of the Difference Between the Means of Monozygotic And Dizygotic Twins
Authors: Christian J.C. , Norton J.A.
Published: January 2025

The rationale for using an approximate t′ test of the difference between the means of MZ and DZ twins is presented. This test avoids pooling the among-MZ and among-DZ twin-pair mean squares and has approximate degrees of freedom based upon the relative number of MZ and DZ twin pairs as well as the relative sizes of the among-MZ and among-DZ twin-pair mean squares. Sampling experiments simulating twin studies were used to show that the rate of Type I error for this t′ test was appropriate while other tests could give either too many or too few Type I errors depending upon the relative sizes of the mean squares and the relative numbers of MZ and DZ twin pairs.
Intrapair Difference in Personality Traits, and Emotional and Social Adjustment in Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Torgersen Svenn
Published: January 2025

During the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the advantages that MZ twin pairs offer for studying the effect of environmental factors on the development of emotional disturbances. Much of this research has been aimed at investigating the relationship between childhood differences and later discordance with regard to schizophrenia in MZ twin pairs. A few studies have used similar methodology to investigate the development of neurotic reactions. There has been very little work dealing with the causes of discordance in the normal personality development of MZ twin pairs. The paper presents some of the results from a larger twin project which show the relationship between childhood differences and differences in adulthood. The study examined differences in oral, obsessive, and hysterical personality traits, as well as differences in phobic fears, general neurotic symptomatology, occupational and marriage adjustment in 50 relatively unselected MZ twin pairs. The results show that many of the same childhood differences which have been reported to be associated with the discordance found in regard to schizophrenia and neuroses, are also related to differences in personality structure, emotional and social adjustment in less disturbed MZ twin pairs. Other childhood differences, however, seem to be more specifically related either to neurotic or to normal personality development, pointing to the importance of studying the relationship between specific intrapair differences in childhood and differences in various areas of later personality development.
Efficiency of Genetic Systems for Diagnosis of Twin Zygosity
Authors: Selvin Steve
Published: January 2025

A definition of efficiency is presented to aid a researcher in the choice of the genetic systems for the diagnosis of twin zygosity. An expression is given that produces a numeric value that indicates which systems do the most effective job of discriminating DZ twins from a sample of twin pairs. This definition of efficiency is illustrated with eight blood groups commonly used in twin zygosity diagnosis.
Sources of Information for Discriminating MZ and DZ Twins by Dermatoglyphic Patterns
Authors: Reed Terry , Norton James A. , Christian Joe C.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that the within twin-pair difference is the most important source of information in determination of twin zygosity using dermatoglyphic data. Inclusion of a measure of among-pair variability provides added discrimination beyond that found with the within-pair difference alone.
Serum Haptoglobin Phenotypes and Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: Tsoukantas A. , Archimandrites A. , Theodoropoulos G. , Katsavochristos K. , Melissinos K.
Published: January 2025

Serum haptoglobin phenotypes were studied in 100 Greek patients suffering from duodenal ulcer by vertical starch gel electrophoresis. A sample of 2026 healthy subjects served as control. No statistically significant differences were found in Hp phenotypes and gene frequencies between patients and healthy controls.
Type A2 Brachydactily — Report of a New Family
Authors: Rasore-Quartino A. , Camera G.
Published: January 2025

A new family with the A2 type brachydactily is described. It is the first one observed in Italy and the sixth of the world literature. Brachymesophalangy of index fingers and/or second toes is the typical osseous malformation which was present in 14 individuals from 4 generations. The defect is transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene with high penetrance and variable expressivity.
Physical Capacity in Twins
Authors: Engström Lars-Magnus , Fischbein Siv
Published: January 2025

A comparison of physical capacity, (measured by vital capacity, muscular strength and physical work capacity) in twin boys and controls failed to indicate significant differences. Intrapair correlations showed the MZ twins to be much more similar than the DZ twins in all the capacity measures. The correlations were lower, however, for both MZ and DZ twins for physical work capacity than for the other two capacity variables. When amount of physical exercise during leisure time is kept under control, the DZ twins tend to be more similar for physical work capacity or muscular strength, and the correlations tend to be of the same magnitude for MZ twins. Physical work capacity therefore appears, in this study, to be a more environmentally influenced variable than either vital capacity or muscular strength.
Triple Mosaicism with Two Autosomally Unbalanced Cell Lines in a Phenotypically Normal Oligospermic Man
Authors: Shabtai Fiorella , Bichacho Shlomo , Halbrecht Isaac
Published: January 2025

The chromosomal analysis of a phenotypically normal, moderately oligospermic man is reported. He presented a triple mosaic complement with two autosomally unbalanced cell lines. The cytogenetic results are discussed, and the importance of such investigations in men attending infertility clinics emphasized.
Dermatoglyphics Study of the Shompen of Great Nicobar
Authors: Krishan Gopal
Published: January 2025

The finger and palm prints of 20 male and 18 female Shompen of Great Nicobar were examined. The distribution of finger patterns and of palmar main line formulae showed significant sex differences. Main line index was higher on right than on left hands in both sexes. Axial triradius t was most frequently observed on both hands in the two sexes.
Hypertrichosis Pinnae Auris, Darwin's Tubercle and Palmaris Longus Among Khatris and Baniyas of Patiala, India
Authors: Singh Lakhbir , Goel Karam Vir , Mahendru Pritpal
Published: January 2025

Hypertrichosis pinnae auris, Darwin's point and tubercle, and muscle Palmaris Longus have been examined in 425 adult subjects from two endogamous groups of Patiala, Hindu Khatris (230) and Baniyas (195). No significant differences between the two groups were found for any of the three traits.
Delineation of Syndromes Due to Partial 6q Imbalances. Trisomy 6q21→qter and Monosomy 6q221→qter in Two Unrelated Patients
Authors: Dallapiccola B. , Bricarelli Franca Dagna , Quartino A. Rasore , Mazzilli Maria Cristina , Chisci Rosanna , Gandini E.
Published: January 2025

Two unrelated patients carrying imbalances involving the long arm of chromosome 6 are described. In the first trisomy 6q21→qter had segregated from a maternal translocation t(6 ; 16)(q15 ; q24). The clinical data of the proposita are compared with those of three other published cases. A partial 6q trisomy syndrome is postulated characterized by: growth deficiency of prenatal onset, psychomotor retardation, craniofacial abnormalities (microcephalia, hypertelorism, downward slanting palpebral fissures, flattened nasal bridge, long philtrum, hypoplastic perioral features, large jaw resulting in a round appearance of the face, receding chin, malformed ears) and dysmorphic extremities (contractures of limbs due to short flexor tendons, hypoplastic fingers, toes and nails). In the second case, monosomy 6q221→qter resulted from a de novo rearrangement and was responsible for mental retardation and facial dysmorphism (reduced biparietal diameter, hypotelorism, absent eyebrows, prominent nose, ptosis, receding chin, dysmorphic ears). Studies of HLA and PGM3 segregation showed normal inheritance patterns and ruled out the location of these genes in bands 6q221→qter.
Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of Overcome Death Anxiety: an online cognitive behavioural therapy intervention in a clinical sample
Authors: Menzies Rachel E. , Coutts-Bain Daelin , Richmond Bethany , Helgadottir Fjola D.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Evidence suggests that death anxiety is a transdiagnostic construct underlying numerous anxiety-related conditions. A previous phase I trial of Overcome Death Anxiety (ODA), a novel online stand-alone psychological intervention to reduce death anxiety, demonstrated preliminary evidence of efficacy and acceptability in a clinical population. However, this trial was limited by a small sample size (n=20).

Aims:

To further evaluate the efficacy of this intervention in reducing death anxiety in a clinical population, compared with a waitlist control.

Method:

This paper describes the protocol of a phase II randomized controlled, unblinded trial of ODA. A total sample of 256 adults living in Australia, diagnosed with an anxiety-related condition, will be recruited. These participants will be randomised to ODA or a waitlist control. Primary outcomes will be measured as changes in scores on death anxiety questionnaires, reflecting treatment efficacy. The secondary outcomes to be measured are depression, anxiety, stress, suicidality, insomnia, and meaning of life, as well as feedback about treatment program acceptability. This trial will assess the efficacy of ODA for reducing death anxiety in a population diagnosed with various anxiety-related conditions, as well as the overall acceptability and tolerability of the intervention.

Conclusions:

This study will provide evidence to evaluate the efficacy of ODA in people diagnosed with an anxiety-related condition.
Robert Clewis on Kant and Aesthetic Normativity
Authors: Williams Jessica J.
Published: January 2025

In the Origins of Kant’s Aesthetics, Robert Clewis characterises Kant’s early views of aesthetic normativity in terms of a synthesis of a rationalist appeal to laws of sensibility and an empiricist appeal to rules of taste that are arrived at through consensus about great works of art. On the consensus approach, sharing the experience of beauty with others is itself a source of pleasure and normativity. For Clewis, the mature Kant no longer ties aesthetic normativity to sociality, but instead grounds it in the a priori principle of judgement. In these comments, I challenge Clewis’ narrative about Kant’s development and argue that the mature Kant continues to connect aesthetic normativity to the sociality of taste.
Migration, the Dodecaphonic Diaspora and the Transnational Network of Musical Modernism: The Varied Career of Hans-Joachim Koellreutter
Authors: HEILE BJÖRN
Published: January 2025

The career of the composer, performer, educator and diplomat Hans-Joachim Koellreutter was exceptionally varied, taking place over three continents. A refugee from Nazi Germany, he is primarily known for introducing serialism to Brazil. However, he not only returned to his native Germany for a short period but also lived and worked in India and Japan, before going back to Brazil. His life and work epitomize the role played by migrants in constructing a global diasporic network, illustrating both the promises and the shortcomings of global musical modernism. The consequences he drew, however, drove him to embrace a form of universalism that was at odds with the increasing ideological polarization of the 1970s and 1980s, notably in a Latin American intellectual climate dominated by dependency theory.
Through the Lens of Socialist Realism: Nikos Skalkottas's Turn to Tonality in the 1940s
Authors: DIAMANTOULI EIRINI
Published: January 2025

This article explores Nikos Skalkottas's engagement with stylistic accessibility after his return to Greece from Germany in 1933. It considers the composer's self-proclaimed efforts to establish a more accessible, tonal musical style in the context of Greek sociopolitical upheaval and the political culture of anti-fascist resistance. Centring on the period between 1947 and 1949, this shift is viewed in terms of the impact of Socialist Realism in Greece for the first time. This article excavates the promulgation of Socialist Realism in Greece amid the anti-fascist resistance and re-evaluates Skalkottas's works and his published and unpublished writings as testifying to these unique political and cultural circumstances. It focuses in particular on Skalkottas's Classical Symphony in A for wind orchestra, two harps, and lower strings composed in 1947; a major work that continues to occupy a peripheral position in existing Greek and Anglophone scholarship on the composer.
Development and evaluation of a Hospice Foundation of Taiwan Bereavement Assessment Scale: A psychometric properties test
Authors: Wu Te-Yu , Pi Shih-Hsuan , Li Pei-Yi , Lai Yuen-Liang , Li Chin-Ching , Fang Chun-Kai
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Supporting family caregivers (FCs) is a critical core function of palliative care. Brief, reliable tools suitable for busy clinical work in Taiwan are needed to assess bereavement risk factors accurately. The aim is to develop and evaluate a brief bereavement scale completed by FCs and applicable to medical staff.

Methods

This study adopted convenience sampling. Participants were approached through an intentional sampling of patients’ FCs at 1 palliative care center in Taiwan. This cross-sectional study referred to 4 theories to generate the initial version of the Hospice Foundation of Taiwan Bereavement Assessment Scale (HFT-BAS). A 9-item questionnaire was initially developed by 12 palliative care experts through Delphi and verified by content validity. A combination of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), reliability measures including items analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and inter-subscale correlations, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to test its psychometric properties.

Results

Two hundred seventy-eight participants conducted the questionnaire. Three dimensions were subsequently extracted by EFA: “Intimate relationship,” “Existential meaning,” and “Disorganization.” The Cronbach’s alpha of the HFT-BAS scale was 0.70, while the 3 dimensions were all significantly correlated with total scores. CFA was the measurement model: chi-squared/degrees of freedom ratio = 1.9, Goodness of Fit Index = 0.93, Comparative Fit Index = 0.92, root mean square error of approximation = 0.08. CFA confirmed the scale’s construct validity with a good model fit.

Significance of results

This study developed an HFT-BAS and assessed its psychometric properties. The scale can evaluate the bereavement risk factors of FCs in clinical palliative care.
Durkheim's Critique of Colonialism and Empire
Authors: Steinmetz George
Published: January 2025

How does Durkheim's thought relate to colonialism, imperialism, and postcolonial theory? To answer these questions, I first examine his explicit discussions of empire and colonialism, which are more extensive than previously thought. I then explore the implications of his general perspective—particularly his theories of anomie and morality—for discussions of colonialism and empire. I find that Durkheim was very critical of violent forms of colonialism and imperialism and that he firmly rejected the civilizational and racist discourses that underpinned modern European, and French, colonial conquest. He rejected forms of empire that exist “without internal acquiescence from their subjects,” and that engage in “conquest via annexation” and military imperialism. As an alternative he advocated an “international system of states” based on a universal but socially and historically grounded morality. The article examines the ways Durkheim's thinking pushed beyond existing French understandings and criticisms of colonialism. I then examine the afterlives of his ideas in later research on colonialism by French sociologists. The conclusion considers postcolonial critiques of Durkheim and adumbrates a Durkheimian theory of colonialism and empire.
Feministizising Policymaking in Practice: How Gender and Politics Scholarship Inspires Government Policy, and Vice Versa
Authors: Verge Tània
Published: January 2025

If a Ministry of Equality and Feminisms were created from scratch in the government of your country or region, would you accept leading it? In May 2021, when asked by the just-invested Prime Minister of the Government of Catalonia, I answered, “Yes, I do.” It was a big question, and the task ahead was even bigger, but a close friend helped me kill the vertigo. She said, “Years of gender and politics research, consultancy work, and social activism should do,” while adding that being accorded great leeway to build up a team of social movement activists, feminist academics, and party feminists with experience in executive office was a unique opportunity to bolster feminist change. This combination yielded substantive knowledge of both the priorities of the movements and the political world and, simultaneously, accorded personal ties with politicians and the bureaucratic elite (Mazur and McBride 2007).
The positions of ontological (in)security in international relations: object relations, unconscious phantasies, and anxiety management
Authors: Gellwitzki C. Nicolai L.
Published: January 2025

What is ontological (in)security? Recent scholarship on ontological security in International Relations has increasingly turned to the concept's theoretical origins in psychoanalysis and existential philosophy to address the field's (meta)theoretical limitations. This article argues that this development also necessitates an interrogation of the concept of ontological security itself to address the field's theoretical tensions. Further developing the nascent Kleinian approach to ontological security, this article conceptualises ontological (in)security as two distinct positions that denote the different ways in which subjects, be they individuals, groups, or states, manage anxiety. To develop this proposition, the article draws on Melanie Klein's work on the paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions to elucidate these positions of ontological (in)security, their respective defence mechanisms against anxiety, and their socio-political implications. This Kleinian approach facilitates a clear theoretical distinction between security and insecurity, providing an analytical toolbox to differentiate the various ways in which anxiety is managed in different positions. This framework particularly underscores the ethical, reparative, and transformative potential of the position of ontological security, aspects that have received limited theoretical and empirical attention to date.
Ekelbezogene Störungen
Authors: Fink-Lamotte Jakob , Exner Cornelia
Published: January 2025

Ekel gehört neben Ärger und Angst zu den negativen Basisemotionen und ist durch intensive unangenehme Gefühle und Körperempfindungen geprägt. Schon die einmalige Konfrontation mit einer stark ekelauslösenden Situation kann lebenslange Abneigung und Vermeidung auslösen. Ekel ist eine bisher im therapeutischen Kontext vernachlässigte und oft übersehene Emotion. Das Erleben von Ekel spielt insbesondere bei Essstörungen, posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen, spezifischen Phobien und Zwangsstörungen eine entscheidende Rolle. Wird die Emotion Ekel bei der Behandlung dieser Störungen nicht oder nur mangelhaft berücksichtigt, kann dies negative Auswirkungen auf den Therapieverlauf haben.
Der Band nimmt die Emotion Ekel aus grundlagen- und anwendungsorientierter Perspektive in den Blick. Er vermittelt grundlegendes Wissen über die kognitiven, verhaltensbezogenen, physiologischen und neuronalen Erlebensqualitäten dieser Emotion sowie ihrer Funktionen für Erleben und Verhalten. Weiterhin werden diagnostische Instrumente und Strategien zur Erfassung von Ekel und assoziierten Kontaminationsgefühlen vorgestellt. Anhand von Fallbeispielen werden für verschiedene psychische Störungen kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutische Strategien bei starkem Ekelerleben beschrieben. So können unter anderem verhaltensnahe Techniken, beispielsweise Expositionsübungen zu Ekel, kognitive Techniken, wie z.B. kognitives Umstrukturieren, sowie imaginative Techniken, wie z.B. imaginatives Umschreiben, eingesetzt werden, um pathologisches Ekelerleben zu verändern. Abschließend wird die wissenschaftliche Evidenz für die vorgestellten emotionsspezifischen Behandlungsansätze zusammengefasst.
Patienteninformation und selbstbestimmte Patientenentscheidung
Authors: Helbig-Lang Sylvia
Published: January 2025

Wann sind Patientinnen und Patienten umfassend über ihre Behandlung aufgeklärt? Wann sind Patientenentscheidungen selbstbestimmt? Und wie kann beides vor dem Hintergrund spezifischer therapeutischer Zielvorstellungen umgesetzt werden? In therapeutischen Gesprächen werden oftmals Sachverhalte als „schon gesagt“ vorausgesetzt; Verständnis und Einverständnis auf der Gegenseite bleiben ungeprüft. Dies kann im einfachsten Fall zu Unmut, im schlimmsten Fall zu Behandlungsfehlern und negativen Behandlungsergebnissen führen. Das Buch gibt Anregungen, wie Aufklärungs- und Entscheidungsprozesse in der Psychotherapie reflektiert und systematisch umgesetzt werden können.
Der Band gibt zunächst einen Überblick über die verschiedenen theoretischen Ansätze, die für die Gestaltung von Informations- und Entscheidungsprozessen in der Psychotherapie relevant sind, und leitet daraus Empfehlungen für den therapeutischen Prozess ab. Der Hauptteil des Buches widmet sich der Frage, wie ethische und berufsrechtliche Vorgaben zur Aufklärung von Patientinnen und Patienten sowie deren Einwilligung im psychotherapeutischen Alltag umgesetzt werden können. Dabei wird auf typische Entscheidungssituationen – z.B. die Beantragung einer Psychotherapie, die Festlegung von Therapiezielen, die Umsetzung konkreter Interventionen – im Verlauf einer Psychotherapie eingegangen. Zudem werden Anpassungen des Vorgehens in Abhängigkeit von den individuellen Voraussetzungen, die Patientinnen und Patienten mitbringen, erläutert. Als grundlegendes Prinzip gilt dabei immer, dass eine selbstbestimmte Entscheidung ausreichende Informationen voraussetzt: Psychoedukation und Aufklärung sind also für eine funktionierende therapeutische Zusammenarbeit wesentlich. Der Band schließt mit einem Fallbeispiel und Materialien zur Unterstützung der Patientenaufklärung.
Führung und Wohlbefinden am Arbeitsplatz
Authors: Kaluza Antonia J.
Published: January 2025

Gestiegene Arbeitsanforderungen und eine Zunahme von stressbedingten Erkrankungen – Führungskräfte stehen vor der herausfordernden Frage, wie sie aktiv die Gesundheit ihrer Mitarbeitenden fördern und gleichzeitig selbst gesund und leistungsfähig bleiben können. Auch wenn Begriffe wie „gesundheitsförderliche Führung“ oder „healthy leadership“ mittlerweile in der Arbeitswelt sehr populär sind, ist häufig unklar, was dies konkret im Arbeitsalltag bedeutet.
Dieser Band verbindet aktuelle wissenschaftliche Forschungsergebnisse zum Zusammenhang von Führung und Gesundheit mit konkreten Ansatzpunkten und Empfehlungen für die Praxis. Aufbauend auf einem Gesamtmodell zur Gesundheitsförderung im Arbeitskontext, das Faktoren auf der Ebene der Mitarbeitenden und Führungskräfte ebenso wie organisationale Rahmenbedingungen berücksichtigt, werden wissenschaftlich fundierte Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet. Mithilfe von Fallbeispielen, Checklisten, Fragebögen und kleinen Übungen wird die praktische Umsetzung im Alltag demonstriert und erleichtert. Das Buch bietet verhaltenstherapeutisch fundierte Anregungen und Tipps, um das eigene (Führungs-)Verhalten zu reflektieren, sowohl im Hinblick auf die eigene Gesundheit als auch die der Mitarbeitenden.
Unveiling Cryosphere Dynamics by Distributed Acoustic Sensing and Data‐Driven Hydro‐Thermo Coupled Simulation
Authors: Sun Haoyuan , Cheng Feng , Xia Jianghai , Guan Jianbo , Li Zefeng , Ajo‐Franklin Jonathan B.
Published: January 2025

As global warming continues, the Earth's cryosphere is experiencing severe degradation. This study leverages a novel combination of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) and artificial intelligence to monitor and decipher cryospheric dynamics. We have developed an advanced time‐lapse surface wave analysis workflow to capture shear wave velocity changes during a 2‐month controlled permafrost thaw experiment in Fairbanks, Alaska. To understand the underlying physical mechanisms of , multimodal rock‐physics simulations were conducted to associate the observed to hydrological and thermal processes like heating and rainfall events. Furthermore, we employ a physics‐guided deep learning algorithm alongside interpretable techniques to evaluate the impact of various physical factors and shed light on the cryospheric hydro‐thermo coupling mechanisms. This study highlights the potential of using DAS and data‐driven rock‐physics simulation for complex cryosphere monitoring and offers a comprehensive view of the permafrost's thawing dynamics.
Quantifying Dust Nutrient Mobility Through an Alpine Watershed
Authors: Nielson Jeffrey R. , Brahney Janice
Published: January 2025

Dust has the potential to play a significant role in the nutrient dynamics of alpine watersheds with important ecological implications. However, little is known about how dust nutrients circulate through the environment and which watershed characteristics facilitate dust impacts on water quality. This study explored the contribution of dust‐deposited nutrients, focusing on a high‐elevation Long Term Ecological Research site, where dust samples have been continuously collected since 2017. We incorporated observed dust nutrient compositions, including fractions of inorganic and organic nitrogen and phosphorus, into a popular hydrological model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, and ran simulations for 2019–2021. By comparing simulations with and without dust nutrient inputs, we estimated the impact of dust‐deposited nutrients on individual watershed processes. Results revealed a significant contribution of dust‐deposited nutrients, particularly soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), to several nutrient cycling and transport pathways. Notably, dust contributed up to 19.3% of the SRP load in annual streamflow (increasing monthly streamflow concentration by up to 10.9 μg ). Spatial analysis of model estimates demonstrated a relationship between topography, soil type, and the cycling and transport of dust nutrients. The largest dust nutrient contributions were found in catchment areas with lower slope and less hydric soils, where other natural mobilization processes may be limited. This comparative modeling approach stresses the importance of including dust nutrients in watershed models, especially in oligotrophic systems, and has potential to validate these findings elsewhere and identify how watershed characteristics may either mollify or accentuate the impacts of dust deposition on mountain freshwater systems.
Regulation Mechanisms of CO2 Fluxes in Subtropical Mountain Peatlands Based on Long‐Term In Situ Observations at the Dajiuhu Peatland
Authors: Yang Shiyu , Ge Jiwen , Xu Xiangnan , Liu Ziwei , Wang Jiumei , Wang Yuehuan
Published: January 2025

The Dajiuhu peatland in Shennongjia, China, is a highly representative subalpine peatland, emblematic of subtropical mountainous peatlands. Due to the lack of long‐term in situ continuous observations and in‐depth studies on CO2 absorption and emission patterns, the regulation mechanisms of CO2 flux in subtropical peatlands remain unclear. Since July 2015, we have conducted over five years of continuous in situ observations of CO2 fluxes and major environmental factors in the Dajiuhu peatland ecosystem. We calculated the annual average net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) of CO2 and decomposed NEE into gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco), thus examining the peatland ecosystem's absorption and emission of CO2 separately. The results indicate that the annual average NEE from 2016 to 2020 was −283.6 g C m−2 yr−1, reflecting a strong CO2 sink. Our study indicates the regulation mechanisms of CO2 flux in the peatland. Temperature is the most direct factor affecting CO2 absorption and emission, serving as the most important driver of CO2 flux on short time scales. Precipitation only affects CO2 absorption but has a significant impact on NEE, being a key factor in maintaining the peatland's CO2 sink function. Variations in annual precipitation also led to differences in net CO2 absorption between years. Our results illustrate an important role of sub‐tropical mountain peatlands in mitigating the greenhouse effect and maintaining moisture conditions is crucial for protecting its ecological functions.
Effective eradication of acute myeloid leukemia stem cells with FLT3-directed antibody-drug conjugates
Authors: Able Marina , Kasper Marc-André , Vick Binje , Schwach Jonathan , Gao Xiang , Schmitt Saskia , Tizazu Belay , Fischer Amrei , Künzl Sarah , Leilich Marit , Mai Isabelle , Ochtrop Philipp , Stengl Andreas , de Geus Mark A. R. , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Schumacher Dominik , Helma Jonas , Hackenberger Christian P. R. , Götze Katharina S. , Jeremias Irmela , Leonhardt Heinrich , Feuring Michaela , Spiekermann Karsten
Published: January 2025

Refractory disease and relapse are major challenges in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy attributed to survival of leukemic stem cells (LSC). To target LSCs, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) provide an elegant solution, combining the specificity of antibodies with highly potent payloads. We aimed to investigate if FLT3-20D9h3-ADCs delivering either the DNA-alkylator duocarmycin (DUBA) or the microtubule-toxin monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) can eradicate quiescent LSCs. We show here that DUBA more potently kills cell-cycle arrested AML cells compared to microtubule-targeting auristatins. Due to limited stability of 20D9h3-DUBA ADC in vivo, we analyzed both ADCs in advanced in vitro stem cell assays. 20D9h3-DUBA successfully eliminated leukemic progenitors in vitro in colony-forming unit and long-term culture initiating cell assays, both in patient cells and in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells. Further, it completely prevented engraftment of AML PDX leukemia-initiating cells in NSG mice. 20D9h3-MMAF had a similar effect in engraftment assays, but a less prominent effect in colony assays. Both ADCs did not affect healthy stem and progenitor cells at comparable doses providing the rationale for FLT3 as therapeutic LSC target. Collectively, we show that FLT3-directed ADCs with DUBA or MMAF have potent activity against AML LSCs and represent promising candidates for further clinical development.
Absent in melanoma 2: a potent suppressor of retinal pigment epithelial-mesenchymal transition and experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Chen Yu , Jiang Mingyuan , Li Liping , Yang Shanshan , Liu Zuimeng , Lin Shiwen , Wang Wanxiao , Li Jinyang , Chen Feng , Hou Qiang , Ma Xiaoyin , Hou Ling
Published: January 2025

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical and complex process involved in normal embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and tumor progression. It also contributes to retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Although absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) has been linked to inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancers, its role in the EMT of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE-EMT) and retinal diseases remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that AIM2 functions as a potent suppressor of RPE cell proliferation and EMT to maintain retinal homeostasis. Transcriptome analysis using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) revealed that AIM2 was significantly downregulated in primary human RPE (phRPE) cells undergoing EMT and proliferation. Consequently, Aim2-deficient mice showed morphological changes and increased FN expression in RPE cells under physiological conditions, whereas AIM2 overexpression in phRPE cells inhibited EMT. In a retinal detachment-induced PVR mouse model, AIM2 deficiency promotes RPE-EMT, resulting in severe experimental PVR. Clinical samples further confirmed the downregulation of AIM2 in the PVR membranes from patients. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analysis revealed that the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was significantly related to RPE-EMT and that AIM2 inhibited AKT activation in RPE cells by reducing its phosphorylation. Moreover, treatment with eye drops containing an AKT inhibitor alleviated RPE-EMT and the severity of experimental PVR. These findings provide new insights into the complex mechanisms underlying RPE-EMT and PVR pathogenesis, with implications for rational strategies for potential therapeutic applications in PVR by targeting RPE-EMT.
METTL1 coordinates cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma progression via the m7G modification of the ATF4 mRNA
Authors: Zhang Xinru , Chen Tong , Zhang Fanrong , Shi Huanhuan , Li Xiang , Wang Zhijuan , Wang Dong , Hou Chao
Published: January 2025

Methyltransferase-like 1 (METTL1)-mediated m7G modification is a common occurrence in various RNA species, including mRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs, and miRNAs. Recent evidence suggests that this modification is linked to the development of several cancers, making it a promising target for cancer therapy. However, the specific role of m7G modification in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is not well understood. In this study, we observed conspicuously elevated levels of METTL1 in cSCC tumors and cell lines. Inhibiting METTL1 led to reduced survival, migration, invasion, and xenograft tumor growth in cSCC cells. Mechanistically, through a combination of RNA sequencing, m7G methylated immunoprecipitation (MeRIP)-qPCR, and mRNA stability assays, we discovered that METTL1 is responsible for the m7G modification of ATF4 mRNA, leading to increased expression of ATF4. Importantly, we demonstrated that this modification is dependent on the methyltransferase activity of METTL1. Additionally, we observed a positive association between ATF4 expression and METTL1 levels in cSCC tumors. Intriguingly, restoring ATF4 expression in cSCC cells not only promoted glycolysis but also reversed the anti-tumor effects of METTL1 knockdown. In conclusion, our results underscore the critical role of METTL1 and m7G modification in cSCC tumorigenesis, suggesting a promising target for future cSCC therapies.
Codes for entanglement-assisted classical communication
Authors: Prasad Tushita , Grassl Markus
Published: January 2025

Entanglement-assisted classical communication (EACC) aims to enhance communication systems using entanglement as an additional resource. However, there is a scarcity of explicit protocols designed for finite transmission scenarios, which presents a challenge for real-world implementation. In response, we introduce a new EACC scheme capable of correcting a fixed number of erasures/errors. It can be adjusted to the available amount of entanglement and sends classical information over a quantum channel. We establish a general framework to accomplish such a task by reducing it to a classical problem. Comparing with specific bounds, we identify optimal parameter ranges. The scheme requires only the implementation of super-dense coding which has been demonstrated successfully in experiments. Furthermore, our results show that an adaptable entanglement use confers a communication advantage. Overall, our work sheds light on how entanglement can elevate various finite-length communication protocols, opening new avenues for exploration in the field.
Estimating future heat-related and cold-related mortality under climate change, demographic and adaptation scenarios in 854 European cities
Authors: Masselot Pierre , Mistry Malcolm N. , Rao Shilpa , Huber Veronika , Monteiro Ana , Samoli Evangelia , Stafoggia Massimo , de’Donato Francesca , Garcia-Leon David , Ciscar Juan-Carlos , Feyen Luc , Schneider Alexandra , Katsouyanni Klea , Vicedo-Cabrera Ana Maria , Aunan Kristin , Gasparrini Antonio
Published: January 2025

Previous health impact assessments of temperature-related mortality in Europe indicated that the mortality burden attributable to cold is much larger than for heat. Questions remain as to whether climate change can result in a net decrease in temperature-related mortality. In this study, we estimated how climate change could affect future heat-related and cold-related mortality in 854 European urban areas, under several climate, demographic and adaptation scenarios. We showed that, with no adaptation to heat, the increase in heat-related deaths consistently exceeds any decrease in cold-related deaths across all considered scenarios in Europe. Under the lowest mitigation and adaptation scenario (SSP3-7.0), we estimate a net death burden due to climate change increasing by 49.9% and cumulating 2,345,410 (95% confidence interval = 327,603 to 4,775,853) climate change-related deaths between 2015 and 2099. This net effect would remain positive even under high adaptation scenarios, whereby a risk attenuation of 50% is still insufficient to reverse the trend under SSP3-7.0. Regional differences suggest a slight net decrease of death rates in Northern European countries but high vulnerability of the Mediterranean region and Eastern Europe areas. Unless strong mitigation and adaptation measures are implemented, most European cities should experience an increase of their temperature-related mortality burden.
Optimizing key parameters for grinding energy efficiency and modeling of particle size distribution in a stirred ball mill
Authors: Elbendari Abdalla M. , Ibrahim Suzan S.
Published: January 2025

Fine grinding using a stirred ball mill can enhance ore liberation but incurs high energy consumption, which can be minimized by optimizing operating conditions. This study explores the impact of key operational parameters—grinding time, stirrer tip speed, solid concentration, and feed size—on grinding efficiency, evaluated using specific energy inputs, in stirred milling of Egyptian copper ore. The particle size distribution (PSD) of ground products was simulated using the Gates–Gaudin-Schuhmann model (GGS) and the Rosin-Rammler-Benne (RRB) function. Taking minimum energy consumption into account, the finest particles (100% ~1 μm) were achieved at the maximum stirrer speed of 500 rpm and a moderate solid concentration of 33.3% after 17 h of grinding, consuming approximately 1225 kWh/t. Experimental data demonstrated a linear correlation between the natural logarithm of the cumulative retained fraction and particle size (µm). The proposed model accurately describes PSDs across different solid concentrations and grinding durations.
Modelling of P-wave velocity changes in coal seams with increased depth: a case study
Authors: Łapczyński Maciej , Pilecki Zenon , Krawiec Krzysztof , Słomian Artur , Pilecka Elżbieta , Łątka Tomasz
Published: January 2025

Seismic profiling in a coal seam enables the determination of anomalous changes in the P-wave velocity compared to reference velocity at a specific mining depth, indicating potential stress changes. This information can improve the coal exploitation processes in advance at greater depths, especially in seismic hazard areas. This study aims to update the empirical mathematical formula for calculating reference P-wave velocities in coal seams by including new data measured at greater depths. The research was performed at the Zofiówka Coal Mine in the geological and mining conditions of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland. The analysis involved the study of 276 velocity values including 24 new velocity values measured at depths ranging from 704 to 1073 metres in the period 2009–2024. Through regression analysis, the standard model was modified. The new model provides more reliable velocity anomaly calculations and accurately reflects the geomechanical conditions at greater depths in the Zofiówka Coal Mine. The calculation procedure can be utilised to develop velocity models for various geological and geomechanical conditions in underground mines that exploit coal seams at continuously increasing depths.
Knowledge of gym goers on myths and truths in resistance training
Authors: Unger Alexandra , Mosgan Clemens , Wolte Christofer , Pettauer Sara , Wilke Jan
Published: January 2025

Over the last decades, resistance training (RT) has experienced a surge in popularity, and compelling evidence underpins its beneficial effects on health, well-being, and performance. However, sports and exercise research findings may translate poorly into practice. This study investigated the knowledge of Austrian gym-goers regarding common myths and truths in RT. Based on topical systematic reviews (n = 45), a digital questionnaire with 14 statements on RT methods and practices, randomly phrased as myths or truths, was administered to Austrians exercising in local fitness centres. Chi-squared tests were used to check if a majority correctly identified true and false statements. A total of n = 721 (30.1 ± 14 years, 454 males) out of n = 790 contacted individuals completed the survey (response rate: 91.2 percent). Five out of fourteen statements (truth: protein augments strength and hypertrophy, creatine augments strength, superiority of full- vs. partial-ROM RT for hypertrophy; myth: RT reduces flexibility, low-load, high-volume RT is as effective as high-load RT with regard to maximal strength) were identified correctly by a majority (p < .01). The awareness of the scientific evidence on RT is low among gym-goers. Upcoming studies should be geared to improve science communication.