bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of NTRK Alterations in Pan-Cancer Adult and Pediatric Malignancies: Implications for NTRK-Targeted Therapeutics
Authors: Okamura Ryosuke , Boichard Amélie , Kato Shumei , Sicklick Jason K. , Bazhenova Lyudmila , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Fusions that involve neurotrophic-tropomyosin receptor kinase ( NTRK) genes are known drivers of oncogenesis. Therapies that target these ultra-rare, constitutionally active NTRK fusions have been remarkably effective. Herein, we analyze the prevalence of the full array of NTRK alterations—fusions, mutations, copy number alterations, and increased transcript expression—in diverse adult and pediatric tumor types to understand the landscape of NTRK aberrations in cancer.

Methods

We assessed 13,467 samples available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (adult tumors) and the St Jude PeCan database (pediatric tumors) for the prevalence of NTRK fusions, as well as associated genomic and transcriptomic co-aberrations in different tumor types.

Results

NTRK fusions were observed in 0.31% of adult tumors and in 0.34% of pediatric tumors. The most common gene partners were NTRK3 (0.16% of adult tumors) followed by NTRK1 (0.14% of pediatric tumors). NTRK fusions were found more commonly in pediatric melanoma (11.1% of samples), pediatric glioma (3.97%), and adult thyroid cancers (2.34%). Additional genomic and transcriptomic NTRK alterations—mutation, amplification, and mRNA overexpression—occurred in 14.2% of samples, whereas the frequency of alterations that implicated NTRK ligands and the NTRK co-receptor (p75NTR) ranged from 3.8% to 5.4%. Among 31 adult samples carrying NTRK fusions, co-alterations occurred often and usually involved the downstream phosphoinositide-3-kinase signaling pathway, cell-cycle machinery, other tyrosine-kinase receptors, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signals.

Conclusion

Whereas NTRK fusions are exceedingly rare, other NTRK abnormalities affect 14% of patients with cancer. Affecting these alterations has not yet been achievable in cancer. Genomic co-alterations occur frequently with NTRK fusions, but it is not known if co-targeting them can attenuate primary or secondary resistance to NTRK inhibitors.
A 3-year review of MRI safety incidents within a UK independent sector provider of diagnostic services
Authors: Hudson Darren , Jones Andrew P
Published: November 2018

A review of MRI safety incidents conducted over a 3-year period for a large independent sector diagnostic imaging provider in the UK. The review took a systematic approach using reports logged on an internal incident reporting system that were then categorised and analysed for themes and trends. Notable cases and actions taken are also described from within the period. MRI safety-related events made up 7.5% of the total number of incident reports submitted and 15.5% of all MRI-related reports. The MR safety-related incidence report rate was 0.05% (1 per 1987 patients), which is relatively low considering the number of patients seen in our facilities each day. Internal MRI safety events indicated the main trends to be around referral of contraindicated devices (32% of reports) and failure in the screening process (21.5%—either due to unexpected implants or being unable to confirm safety). To improve practice and work to reduce incidents, advice and instructional materials were developed. The review suggests a potential approach to categorisation of MRI-related safety events which could allow comparisons to be made across organisations, helping to look for trends and guide learning. It also provides insight into the state of MRI safety within the organisation, a rationale for some of the interventions introduced to improve safety, and discussion around common issues arising in MRI safety.
How should we use imaging in the determination of brainstem death?
Authors: Ramachandran Sanjeev , Venkatesh Harish , Foley Robert William
Published: November 2018

Brainstem death is defined as the “irreversible cessation of brainstem function”, either due to primary intracranial events or extracranial factors such as hypoxia. The importance of accurate and timely diagnosis of brainstem death in critical care should not be understated, as it allows the withdrawal of treatment when it is no longer deemed to beneficial. Additionally, it may facilitate the process of organ donation. Overall, the diagnosis of brainstem death has four common principles across the world: (1) neurological criteria based on clinical assessment; (2) evidence of irreversible brain damage from known aetiology; (3) demonstrating an absence of a reversible cause; and (4) the use of ancillary studies. The latter in particular has been a controversial issue, with much debate continuing on how imaging should be used. We discuss three key questions surrounding the role of imaging in the diagnosis of brainstem death as well as important issues the radiology community should consider.
Nipple discharge: The state of the art
Authors: Panzironi Giovanna , Pediconi Federica , Sardanelli Francesco
Published: November 2018

Over 80% of females experience nipple discharge during their life. Differently from lactational (milk production) and physiological (white, green, or yellow), which are usually bilateral and involving multiple ducts, pathologic nipple discharge (PND) is a spontaneous commonly single-duct and unilateral, clear, serous, or bloody secretion. Mostly caused by intraductal papilloma(s) or ductal ectasia, in 5-33% of cases is due to an underlying malignancy. After clinical history and physical examination, mammography is the first step after 39, but its sensitivity is low (7–26%). Ultrasound shows higher sensitivity (63–100%). Nipple discharge cytology is limited by a false negative rate over 50%. Galactography is an invasive technique that may cause discomfort and pain; it can be performed only when the duct discharge is demonstrated at the time of the study, with incomplete/failed examination rate up to 15% and a difficult differentiation between malignant and benign lesions. Ductoscopy, performed under local anesthesia in outpatients, provides a direct visualization of intraductal lesions, allowing for directed excision and facilitating a targeted surgery. Its sensitivity reaches 94%; however, it is available in only few centers and most clinicians are unfamiliar with its use. PND has recently emerged as a new indication for contrast-enhanced breast MRI, showing sensitivity superior to galactography, with an overall sensitivity up to 96%, also allowing tailored surgery. Surgery no longer can be considered the standard approach to PND. We propose a state-of-the art flowchart for the management of nipple discharge, including ductoscopy and breast MRI as best options.
Does evidence support the high expectations placed in precision medicine? A bibliographic review
Authors: Cortés Jordi , González José Antonio , Medina María Nuncia , Vogler Markus , Vilaró Marta , Elmore Matt , Senn Stephen John , Campbell Michael , Cobo Erik
Published: November 2018

Background: Precision medicine is the Holy Grail of interventions that are tailored to a patient’s individual characteristics. However, conventional clinical trials are designed to find differences with the implicit assumption that the effect is the same in all patients within the eligibility criteria. If this were the case, then there would be no grounds for treating different patients differently. One consequence of the assumption is that the variance in the outcome variable would be the same in treated and control arms. We reviewed the literature to see if this were the case and so to see how often precision medicine would not be useful.

Methods: We reviewed parallel trials with quantitative outcomes published in 2004, 2007, 2010 and 2013. We collected baseline and final standard deviations of the main outcome. We assessed homoscedasticity by comparing the variance of the primary endpoint between arms through the outcome variance ratio (treated to control group).

Results: The review provided 208 articles with enough information to conduct the analysis. One out of seven studies (n = 30, 14.4%) had statistically different variances between groups, leading a non-constant-effect. The adjusted point estimate of the mean outcome variance ratio (treated to control group) is 0.89 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.97).

Conclusions: We found that the outcome variance was more often smaller in the intervention group, suggesting that treated patients may end up pertaining more often to reference or “normality” values and thus would not require further precision medicine. However, this result may also be compatible with a reduced effect in some patients, which would require studying whether the effect merits enduring the side effects as well as the economic costs. We have shown that the comparison of variances is a useful but not definitive tool to asses if the design assumption of a constant effect holds.
Vimentin on the move: new developments in cell migration
Authors: Battaglia Rachel A. , Delic Samed , Herrmann Harald , Snider Natasha T.
Published: November 2018

The vimentin gene (VIM) encodes one of the 71 human intermediate filament (IF) proteins, which are the building blocks of highly ordered, dynamic, and cell type-specific fiber networks. Vimentin is a multi-functional 466 amino acid protein with a high degree of evolutionary conservation among vertebrates.Vim−/−mice, though viable, exhibit systemic defects related to development and wound repair, which may have implications for understanding human disease pathogenesis. Vimentin IFs are required for the plasticity of mesenchymal cells under normal physiological conditions and for the migration of cancer cells that have undergone epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Although it was observed years ago that vimentin promotes cell migration, the molecular mechanisms were not completely understood. Recent advances in microscopic techniques, combined with computational image analysis, have helped illuminate vimentin dynamics and function in migrating cells on a precise scale. This review includes a brief historical account of early studies that unveiled vimentin as a unique component of the cell cytoskeleton followed by an overview of the physiological vimentin functions documented in studies onVim−/−mice. The primary focus of the discussion is on novel mechanisms related to how vimentin coordinates cell migration. The current hypothesis is that vimentin promotes cell migration by integrating mechanical input from the environment and modulating the dynamics of microtubules and the actomyosin network. These new findings undoubtedly will open up multiple avenues to study the broader function of vimentin and other IF proteins in cell biology and will lead to critical insights into the relevance of different vimentin levels for the invasive behaviors of metastatic cancer cells.
Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of Zingiber montanum extract
Authors: Paramita Swandari , Aminyoto Meiliati , Ismail Sjarif , Arung Enos Tangke
Published: November 2018

Background: Hypercholesterolemia, high cholesterol levels in the blood, can contribute to many forms of disease, most notably cardiovascular disease. Anti-hypercholesterolemic agents generally used for those conditions have several side effects for patients. Zingiber montanum, known locally as “bangle”, belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and is a potential plants for alternative anti-hypercholesterolemic agents. This plant, from East Kalimantan, is used in traditional medicine for health problems caused by high cholesterol levels. The aim of this research was to find alternatives to anti-hypercholesterolemic agents, especially from natural sources.

Methods: This study was an experimental study using 30 Wistar male white rats. Subjects were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=5): (1) normal control group; (2) high fat diet control group; (3) high fat diet with simvastatin; (4-6) high fat diet with Zingiber montanum extracts 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. After 4 weeks of treatment, blood was collected from all groups, and plasma concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were measured.

Results: The results showed significant differences in total cholesterol (p=0.000), LDL (p=0.000) and triglycerides (p=0.001) in the high-fat diet group with Z. montanum extract, as compared to the high-fat diet control. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in HDL levels (p=0.830) between the high-fat diet group and other groups. The results also showed significant differences in total cholesterol and LDLs for rats treated with Z. montanum extract, 100 mg/kg (p=0.000), 200 mg/kg (p=0.000), and 400 mg/kg (p=0.000) compared to the high-fat diet group. The result of Z. montanum 400 mg/kg also showed a significant reduction, not only for total cholesterol and LDLs, but also for triglycerides (p=0.030).

Conclusion: It could be concluded that Z. montanum extracts have the potency to be further developed as a new natural source of the anti-hypercholesterolemic agents.
Disulfiram repurposing combined with nutritional copper supplement as add-on to chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma (DIRECT): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jakola Asgeir Store , Werlenius Katja , Mudaisi Munila , Hylin Sofia , Kinhult Sara , Bartek Jr. Jiri , Salvesen Øyvind , Carlsen Sven Magnus , Strandéus Michael , Lindskog Magnus , Löfgren David , Rydenhag Bertil , Carstam Louise , Gulati Sasha , Solheim Ole , Bartek Jiri , Solheim Tora
Published: November 2018

Background: Disulfiram (DSF) is a well-tolerated, inexpensive, generic drug that has been in use to treat alcoholism since the 1950s. There is now independent preclinical data that supports DSF as an anticancer agent, and experimental data suggest that copper may increase its anti-neoplastic properties. There is also some clinical evidence that DSF is a promising anticancer agent in extracranial cancers. In glioblastoma, DSF induced O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) inhibition may increase response to alkylating chemotherapy. A recent phase I study demonstrated the safety of DSF in glioblastoma patients when DSF was administered at doses below 500 mg/day together with chemotherapy. We plan to assess the effects of DSF combined with nutritional copper supplement (DSF-Cu) as an adjuvant to alkylating chemotherapy in glioblastoma treatment.

Methods: In an academic, industry independent, multicenter, open label randomized controlled phase II/III trial with parallel group design (1:1) we will assess the efficacy and safety of DSF-Cu in glioblastoma treatment. The study will include 142 patients at the time of first recurrence of glioblastoma where salvage therapy with alkylating chemotherapy is planned. Patients will be randomized to treatment with or without DSF-Cu. Primary end-point is survival at 6 months. Secondary end-points are overall survival, progression free survival, quality of life, contrast enhancing tumor volume and safety.

Discussion: There is a need to improve the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. Results from this randomized controlled trial with DSF-Cu in glioblastoma will serve as preliminary evidence of the future role of DSF-Cu in glioblastoma treatment and a basis for design and power estimations of future studies. In this publication we provide rationale for our choices and discuss methodological issues.

Trial registration: The study underwent registration in EudraCT 2016-000167-16 (Date: 30.03.2016,) and Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02678975 (Date: 31.01.2016) before initiating the study.
Relationships between variance in electroencephalography relative power and developmental status in infants with typical development and at risk for developmental disability: An observational study
Authors: Hooyman Andrew , Kayekjian David , Xiao Ran , Jiang Crystal , Vanderbilt Douglas L. , Smith Beth A.
Published: November 2018

Background: Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive tool that has the potential to identify and quantify atypical brain development. We introduce a new measure here, variance of relative power of resting-state EEG. We sought to assess whether variance of relative power of resting-state EEG could predict i) classification of infants as typical development (TD) or at risk (AR) for developmental disability, and ii) Bayley developmental scores at the same visit or future visits.

Methods: A total of 22 infants with TD participated, aged between 38 and 203 days. In addition, 11 infants broadly at risk participated (6 high-risk pre-term, 4 low-risk pre-term, 1 high-risk full-term), aged between 40 and 225 days of age (adjusted for prematurity). We used EEG to measure resting-state brain function across months. We calculated variance of relative power as the standard deviation of the relative power across each of the 32 EEG electrodes. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development (3rd edition) was used to measure developmental level. Infants were measured 1-6 times each, with 1 month between measurements.

Results: Our main findings were: i) variance of relative power of resting state EEG can predict classification of infants as TD or AR, and ii) variance of relative power of resting state EEG can predict Bayley developmental scores at the same visit (Bayley raw fine motor, Bayley raw cognitive, Bayley total raw score, Bayley motor composite score) and at a future visit (Bayley raw fine motor).

Conclusions: This was a preliminary, exploratory, small study. Our results support variance of relative power of resting state EEG as an area of interest for future study as a biomarker of neurodevelopmental status and as a potential outcome measure for early intervention.
The Research Fairness Initiative: Filling a critical gap in global research ethics
Authors: Lavery James V. , IJsselmuiden Carel
Published: November 2018

2017 marked the 70th anniversary of the Nuremberg Code. The ethics of research with human beings has been shaped by the simplicity of its core logic, i.e., that the voluntary consent of research participants is sacrosanct and, when given, creates profound obligations of care and respect on the part of researchers. But there are other aspects of the global research enterprise that warrant more deliberate ethical scrutiny. One of these is the fairness of research collaborations and partnerships and the many practical challenges that make fair partnerships difficult to achieve. Corruption in governments and institutions, unequal access to research funding among researchers and research institutions, and enormous disparities in institutional capacity to support research partnerships are just some of the factors that present obstacles to fair partnerships between high income country (HIC) and low and middle income country (LMIC) partners, and within LMICs and HICs alike. Serious attention to these structural disparities, and the ways they shape the ethical character of the research enterprise, is long overdue. Achieving fairness in research partnerships is, in essence, a complex policy and management challenge. Against this backdrop, COHRED has developed and pilot-tested the Research Fairness Initiative (RFI) with several leading research institutions around the world. The RFI was designed as a tool for promoting self-reflection on, and public reporting of, institutional practices and policies related to research partnerships to create a continuous improvement process for research collaborations. Here, we report promising preliminary results of the RFI’s impact, including TDR-WHO’s recent publication of its first RFI report. The RFI provides a pragmatic strategy to explicitly address fairness in research partnerships as a fundamental requirement of the ethics of research.
Metabolic tracing reveals novel adaptations to skeletal muscle cell energy production pathways in response to NAD+ depletion
Authors: Oakey Lucy A. , Fletcher Rachel S. , Elhassan Yasir S. , Cartwright David M. , Doig Craig L. , Garten Antje , Thakker Alpesh , Maddocks Oliver D. K. , Zhang Tong , Tennant Daniel A. , Ludwig Christian , Lavery Gareth G.
Published: November 2018

Background: Skeletal muscle is central to whole body metabolic homeostasis, with age and disease impairing its ability to function appropriately to maintain health. Inadequate NAD+ availability is proposed to contribute to pathophysiology by impairing metabolic energy pathway use. Despite the importance of NAD+ as a vital redox cofactor in energy production pathways being well-established, the wider impact of disrupted NAD+ homeostasis on these pathways is unknown.

Methods: We utilised skeletal muscle myotube models to induce NAD+ depletion, repletion and excess and conducted metabolic tracing to provide comprehensive and detailed analysis of the consequences of altered NAD+ metabolism on central carbon metabolic pathways. We used stable isotope tracers, [1,2-13C] D-glucose and [U-13C] glutamine, and conducted combined 2D-1H,13C-heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis.

Results: NAD+ excess driven by nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation within skeletal muscle cells results in enhanced nicotinamide clearance, but had no effect on energy homeostasis or central carbon metabolism. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibition induced NAD+ depletion and resulted in equilibration of metabolites upstream of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Aspartate production through glycolysis and TCA cycle activity is increased in response to low NAD+, which is rapidly reversed with repletion of the NAD+ pool using NR. NAD+ depletion reversibly inhibits cytosolic GAPDH activity, but retains mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, suggesting differential effects of this treatment on sub-cellular pyridine pools. When supplemented, NR efficiently reverses these metabolic consequences. However, the functional relevance of increased aspartate levels after NAD+ depletion remains unclear, and requires further investigation.

Conclusions: These data highlight the need to consider carbon metabolism and clearance pathways when investigating NAD+ precursor usage in models of skeletal muscle physiology.
РАЗРАБОТКА ПРОГРАММ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ФИНАНСОВОЙ ГРАМОТНОСТИ ДЛЯ ВЫСШЕЙ ШКОЛЫ
Authors: Nikonova Yana Igorevna , Lunina Tatyana Arkadievna , Prudnikov Alexey Alexandrovich , Arshba Lyudmila Nikolaevna
Published: November 2018

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной в условиях современной экономической реальности теме формирования финансово грамотного поведения населения как необходимого условия повышения уровня и качества жизни граждан. Предметом анализа выступают инструменты и технологии формирования финансовой грамотности в образовательных программах высшей школы. Авторы ставят целью разработать примерную рабочую программу дисциплины в области формирования финансовой грамотности студентов высшей школы и формирования универсальной компетенции «Экономическая культура».Метод или методология проведения работы. Для достижения поставленной цели авторы используют качественные методы исследования, включая контент-анализ документов и эмпирическое обобщение.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что авторами разработана примерная рабочая программа дисциплины в области формирования финансовой грамотности студентов высшей школы и формирования универсальной компетенции «Экономическая культура», в которой: определено содержание универсальной компетенции «Экономическая культура», составлена модернизированная матрица результатов обучения и тем дисциплины, предложены соответствующие средства достижения планируемых результатов обучения с точки зрения деятельности преподавателя и студента, разработан Паспорт компетенции, примеры методических материалов и оценочных средств для дисциплины, а также критерии оценивания результатов обучения.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в образовательных программах высшей школы для эффективной организации деятельности по повышению охвата и качества финансового образования.
ЦЕЛИ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ В ОБЛАСТИ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ: ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Bazavlutskaya Liliya Mikhailovna , Evplova Ekaterina Viktorovna , Konyaeva Elena Alexandrovna
Published: November 2018

В статье представлены особенности и проблемы реализации целей устойчивого развития (ЦУР) в области образования. Статья основана на серии вопросов и ответов, направленных на разъяснение ЦУР № 4 «Обеспечение всеобъемлющего и справедливого качественного образования и поощрение возможности обучения на протяжении всей жизни для всех», и содержит информацию для более глубокого понимания места данной цели в содействии мировому развитию на период до 2030 г.Цель. Изложить основные характеристики цели устойчивого развития в области образования, охарактеризовать задачи, конкретизирующие цель, основные принципы ЦУР № 4, смежные цели и задачи, представить механизмы мониторинга и координации целей, основные справочные документы по цели № 4.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования составляют методы анализа и синтеза материалов исследований, общенаучные методы классификации, обобщения и сравнения.Результаты. Сделаны выводы о том, что поставленные в ЦУР задачи не могут одинаково успешно реализовываться и бедными, и богатыми странами; часть индикаторов образовательных целей зависит от социально-экономического и культурного контекста, и не имеют однозначной интерпретации для развитых и развивающихся стран, более того – в разных условиях интерпретация может иметь противоположный смысл; многие показатели характеризуют деятельность, которая не даст результатов без дополнительных мер, в противном случае, эта деятельность приводит к дополнительным расходам; разработка универсальных систем и индикаторов развития представляется мало реальной, более правильной может показаться задача в области разработки подходов к формированию национальных систем индикаторов исходя из общей глобальной цели. Важно понимать, что универсальной модели образования в интересах устойчивого развития не существует и существовать apriori не может.Область применения результатов. Высказанные в статье мысли – это субъективное мнение авторов статьи. Сами авторы статьи и общество в целом, не сможет наверняка ответить на вопросы об эффективности реализации ЦУР, поскольку накладывает свой отпечаток всем известный факт, что в образовании очень сложно оценить конечные эффекты, т.к. они существенно отложены во времени. К тому же, на результаты образования влияют огромное количество социальных, экономических и политических факторов, и определить истинную роль образования – достаточно сложно.
Teaching karate to children of preschool age
Authors: Губжоков Заур , Gubzhokov Zaur , Борисова Марина , Borisova Marina
Published: November 2018

The manual provides information about the history and development of karate, given the basic technique and basic movements of karate, characteristics of the development of motor qualities of preschool children, considered anatomical, physiological and psychological characteristics of children 5-7 years. Special attention is paid to the system of work with the use of the initial base of karate-do with children of preschool age in the system of additional education. An additional General education program for children 5-7 years of primary base karate-do, recommendations of a methodical nature. The application presents poems and riddles on sports topics and sedentary games.
For teachers of additional education, specialists in physical culture of educational organizations, instructors of fitness clubs, can be recommended to students of institutes of physical culture and sports, as well as anyone interested in teaching children martial arts.
The radical turn of Portuguese social work during the democratic transition (1974–76)
Authors: Silva Pedro Gabriel
Published: November 2018

The transition to democracy in Portugal in the 1970s provides the socio-historical background for this article. It focuses on the period of 1974–76, known as the revolutionary phase, when a series of progressive political programmes, forms of direct democracy, collective mobilisation and widespread grass-roots initiatives emerged in the aftermath of the dictatorial regime. The experiences of Portuguese social workers in the aforementioned revolutionary vanguards will be compared and interpreted by using the radical social work approaches that sprang up in the UK and US at the time. Ten in-depth interviews with social workers involved in radical intervention during the revolutionary phase will be compared to the key tenets of the radical social work literature of the 1970s.
‘People are robots, too’: Expert gaming as autoplay
Authors: Taylor Nicholas , Elam Jessica
Published: November 2018

This article theorizes gaming expertise as a form of automated play (autoplay) by considering automation as a production of an arrangement of bodies and forces that solicits speed and accuracy in the processing of sensory, perceptual and cognitive events. Autoplay is not a property specific to technical machines, but to assemblages of machinic and organic bodies. In putting forward this notion of expertise as autoplay, we are not privileging either human bodies or technical components. Instead, resisting this dichotomy, we analyse the relations that constitute this assemblage, and the historical trajectories that shape and capture it – namely, the military–entertainment complex’s pursuit of seamless communicative circuits for threat detection and response. After operationalizing this framework through a look at expert players in League of Legends, this article concludes by drawing out some implications of what it means for particular subjects to play with(in) automation.
EFFECTS ON THE FINAL INTENSITY OF INPUT FORCES IN LONGBOLTS INSTALLED AT THE MINING OPERATION 2 AREA, OKD, INC.
Authors: Dvořák Pavel , Jiránková Eva
Published: November 2018

In the deep coal mines of OKD, Inc., both bolts and long bolts of different designs are used for the rock massif and steel arch support reinforcement. Continuous measurement of forces in 6 strand bolts and 1 cable bolt (long bolts, generally) was carried out during the trial operation of the modified Room and pillar mining method at Mining operation 2, site North, OKD, Inc. Hydraulic dynamometers were installed on these long bolts and a monitoring of forces took place throughout the life-time period of the mining panel No. V. From this measurement, a knowledge of their different load behavior with respect to the input stress parameters was obtained. The input intensity of the force applied to the bolting elements is burdened by losses of various kinds. The subject of the article is a description and analysis of the intensity of the initial stressing force applied to individual long bolts (with a threaded clamping bush or wedge barrel) and quantization of short-term stress losses with a description and analysis of these.
NEW APPROACH FOR ONLINE ARABIC MANUSCRIPT RECOGNITION BY DEEP BELIEF NETWORK
Authors: Samir Benbakreti , Boukelif Aoued
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we present a neural approach for an unconstrained Arabic manuscript recognition using the online writing signal rather than images. First, we build the database which contains 2800 characters and 4800 words collected from 20 different handwritings. Thereafter, we will perform the pretreatment, feature extraction and classification phases, respectively. The use of a classical neural network methods has been beneficial for the character recognition, but revealed some limitations for the recognition rate of Arabic words. To remedy this, we used a deep learning through the Deep Belief Network (DBN) that resulted in a 97.08% success rate of recognition for Arabic words.
ANALYSIS OF DALLARA T12 RACE CAR FRONT WING VIBRATIONS
Authors: Sorokin Pavel Alekseevich , Khryakov Kirill Stanislavovich , Gommers Michiel
Published: November 2018

This work investigates aerodynamic elements’ vibrations of high-speed vehicles on the example of the Dallara T12 race car front wing. Made up energy spectrums of wing vibrations for three specific cases arising during driving on the circuit.
Alimentos funcionales: avances de aplicación en agroindustria
Authors: Arias Lamos Daniela , Montaño Díaz Laura Natalia , Velasco Sánchez María Alejandra , Martínez Girón Jader
Published: November 2018

Contexto: Se realizó un estudio acerca de los compuestos bioactivos de ciertos alimentos, teniendo en cuenta los beneficios que generan a la salud humana.Método: En este trabajo se presenta una revisión bibliográfica de las diferentes aplicaciones de los alimentos funcionales y su aplicación en la agroindustria.Resultados: Los malos hábitos alimenticios pueden generar un déficit en el requerimiento de compuestos bioactivos importantes para el buen funcionamiento del organismo; a su vez, la demanda y la tendencia de consumo de alimentos funcionales se hace cada vez más grande debido a los múltiples beneficios y usos potenciales que se pueden obtener de éstos, junto con las necesidades nutricionales básicas que se requieren.Conclusiones: Se evidencia el interés por realizar nuevos estudios en la obtención de este tipo de alimentos. Para esto, se deberán incorporar nuevos ingredientes en matrices alimentarias, con el fin de preservar los compuestos bioactivos y que ejecuten su principal función: que aparte de nutrir, reduzcan o controlen diversas enfermedades que en algunos casos pueden ser crónicas.
Narrativas de la enseñanza de la matemática y mestizaje civilizatorio en Colombia
Authors: Guerrero Recalde Néstor Fernando
Published: November 2018

En este artículo se pretende mostrar como  la enseñanza de las matemáticas durante la época de la independencia y con la formación de la Nueva Republica Neogranadina se instauró el proceso civilizatorio de los sujetos mestizos en el periodo comprendido entre 1821 a 1873.En las narrativas  históricas se analiza como con la incorporación de los saberes matemáticos en la escuela  cambiaron las costumbres, creencias y hábitos de la sociedad colombiana, especialmente de lo que se denominó ciudadano culto y letrado.Se hizo más notoria la división en clases sociales, se configuró el  Estado Nación  y la idea de una sociedad democrática igualitaria; un gobierno de una elite de criollos que con sus ideologías y valores éticos  políticos separó a los dueños del proceso civilizatorio de la mayoría conformada por obreros, campesinos, negritudes y etnias. En este periodo encontramos un discurso orientado a la civilización  de los rasgos aborígenes.
MVS en la alineación estática de prótesis transtibiales
Authors: Luengas Lely Adriana , Hernandez M. Henry A. , Toloza Cano Daissy Carola
Published: November 2018

El uso de prótesis es uno de los métodos de rehabilitación más utilizados por personas con amputación. En el caso de un amputado transtibial se hace uso de prótesis transtibial. Para lograr el adecuado ajuste entre la prótesis y la persona, se realiza la alineación de la prótesis, esto permitirá al sujeto amputado tener estabilidad, confort, adecuada distribución de fuerzas y momentos, igualdad ipsi y contralateral, entre otros. La alineación estática tiende a ser subjetiva, es realizada de forma observacional por personal experto en el tema. La presente investigación muestra una propuesta para realizar la alineación estática de forma objetiva, toma como base la distribución de presión sobre la superficie plantar y la ubicación del Centro de Presión (COP). Con el uso de sistemas de aprendizaje de máquina, como la máquina de soporte vectorial (SVM), y las variables biomecánicas nombradas se generó una herramienta computacional que da a conocer si existe alineación de la prótesis. Se obtuvo un rendimiento cercano al 100% con el modelo propuesto. Se comprueba que con el uso de recursos tecnológicos en el área de rehabilitación de amputados se puede realizar de forma objetiva la alineación estática de prótesis transtibiales
Revisión de modelos migratorios
Authors: Martínez Ochoa Lizeth Paola , Espitia Cuchango Helbert , Jácome Lobo Efrain Enrique
Published: November 2018

En el presente documento se realiza una revisión sobre diferentes trabajos relacionados con el estudio de la migración de individuos, en estos se pueden observar diferentes enfoques, por lo que en la que se encuentran principalmente modelos realizados para la migración humana, migración de especies animales, propagación de enfermedades y migración de otros organismos. Se observa que un buen número de trabajos se desarrolla para modelar el problema de migración humana, puede establecerse entonces una clasificación teniendo modelos de migración con fines económicos, migración por aspectos sociales, migración empleando redes de información, migración familiar y, finalmente, la influencia de la migración en la inversión directa extranjera.
Ancho de banda en superficies selectivas en frecuencia. Elemento resonante del tipo lazo cuadrado
Authors: Rodríguez Barrera Mario Alberto , Pereira Carpes Walter
Published: November 2018

La ausencia de formulaciones que permitan evaluar el efecto de los parámetros geométricos y los asociados al dieléctrico para la determinación del ancho de banda en superficies selectivas en frecuencia (SSF), hace que la evaluación de sus efectos se realice a través de análisis de tipo paramétrico. El objetivo de este tipo de análisis es determinar la influencia en el ancho de banda de un parámetro en particular, bien sea asociado al soporte dieléctrico o a los parámetros geométricos de la superficie selectiva, con la finalidad de orientar el proceso de diseño de la superficie; en este sentido, a lo largo del texto se presentan los resultados de un análisis basado en una novedosa formulación para la determinación del ancho de banda en SSF tipo lazo cuadrado, el cual tiene en cuenta los efectos de las variables geométricas y las asociadas al material dieléctrico, usando como herramienta de análisis, el modelo de circuito equivalente (MCE). Este tipo de enfoque hace innecesario, por lo tanto, el uso de análisis de tipo paramétrico, basado en software electromagnético, para la evaluación de los efectos mencionados en el ancho de banda. Respecto a la formulación propuesta, el dieléctrico es considerado como parámetro concentrado, por lo tanto, es aplicable únicamente a dieléctricos delgados. Cabe resaltar la exactitud aceptable obtenida con el enfoque propuesto comparado con simulaciones implementadas en un software basado en el método de los elementos finitos (MEF).
Investigation into the characteristics of silicon photovoltaic converters of solar batteries in case of overheating
Authors: Ivanchenko A. V. , Mazurik S. V. , Tonkoshkur A. S.
Published: November 2018

Recently, solar panels have become one of the most desirable sources of renewable electrical energy, and thus the requirements for their reliability, in particular to maintain the basic functional properties at elevated temperatures, are increasing. The basic element of solar batteries is photovoltaic converter. Until now, the degree of degradation and ways to protect photovoltaic converters during overheating corresponding to real situations during their exploitation, are not sufficiently studied.
In this paper, the authors study one of the important problems arising during the development of circuit-technical devices for the protection of the photovoltaic converters against electrothermal overloads, namely, the problem of the effect of overheating of photovoltaic converters on their functional properties. Primarily, this is important in connection with the perspective of using functional electronics to improve the reliability of the photovoltaic system of the solar battery. In particular, resettable fuses based on polymeric nanocomposites with carbon fillers are such elements of the electronics. One of the difficulties of direct application of the resettable fuses is that they have a switching temperature that exceeds the standard operating temperature range of the modern photovoltaic converters.
The paper presents investigations results of the current-voltage and volt-watt characteristics of the single-crystal silicon photovoltaic converters of the solar batteries, which have undergone heat treatment at elevated temperature (up to 150°C) at different time intervals (up to 6 hours) under lighting conditions and in dark mode in open- and short-circuited states.
The method based on fixing the deviations of the functional parameters (i.e., open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and maximum power) of the converters from their nominal values was used for their analysis.
It has been established that in the investigated temperature and time ranges there are no significant changes of the main functional characteristics and parameters of the photovoltaic converters based on single-crystal silicon.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Treatment breaks in long-term management of osteoporosis
Authors: Langdahl Bente L
Published: November 2018

Osteoporosis is a common chronic disease and therefore a long-term management plan based on disease severity, comorbidities, other pharmacological treatments, gender, age and patient preferences is necessary. Consideration of treatment breaks may be included in the long-term management plan if the patient has been treated with a bisphosphonate, the disease is less severe, the response to treatment has been satisfactory and the risk of future fracture is estimated to be low. This perspective reviews the current evidence for long-term treatment with bisphosphonates and off treatment effects. Approaches to decision making and monitoring of treatment breaks are discussed.
Inhibition of RNA synthesis during Scriptaid exposure enhances gene reprogramming in SCNT embryos
Authors: Rissi Vitor Braga , Glanzner Werner Giehl , de Macedo Mariana Priotto , Mujica Lady Katerine Serrano , Campagnolo Karine , Gutierrez Karina , Bridi Alessandra , Baldassarre Hernan , Gonçalves Paulo Bayard Dias , Bordignon Vilceu
Published: November 2018

Insufficient epigenetic reprogramming is incompatible with normal development of embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), but treatment with histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACi) enhances development of SCNT embryos. However, the mechanisms underpinning HDACi benefits in SCNT embryos remain largely uncharacterized. We hypothesized that, in addition to enhancing reprogramming, HDACi treatment may promote expression of genes not required for early development of SCNT embryos. To test this hypothesis, RNA synthesis was inhibited by treating bovine SCNT embryos with 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole 1-β-D-ribofuranoside (DBR), which were concomitantly treated or not with Scriptaid (Scrip; an HDACi). Development to the blastocyst stage was significantly increased by treatment with Scrip alone (26.6%) or associated with DRB (28.6%) compared to Control (17.9%). The total number of nuclei was significantly improved only in embryos that were treated with both Scrip + DRB. Nuclear decondensation after SCNT was significantly increased by DRB treatment either alone or associated with Scrip. The relative mRNA expression, evaluated during the embryo genome activation (EGA) transition, revealed that some KDMs (KDM1A, KDM3A, KDM4C and KDM6A) and DNMT1 where prematurely expressed in Scrip-treated embryos. However, treatment with Scrip + DRB inhibited early mRNA expression of those genes, as well as several other KDMs (KDM4A, KDM4B, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C and KDM7A) compared to embryos treated with Scrip alone. These findings revealed that HDACi improved development in SCNT embryos compared to Control, but altered the expression of genes involved in epigenetic regulation and did not improve embryo quality. Inhibition of RNA synthesis during HDACi treatment enhanced nuclear chromatin decondensation, modulated gene expression and improved SCNT embryo quality.
Different pre-implantation phenotypes of bovine blastocysts produced in vitro
Authors: Hue Isabelle , Dufort Isabelle , Vitorino Carvalho Anaïs , Laloe Denis , Peynot Nathalie , Degrelle Séverine Aude , Viebahn Christoph , Sirard Marc-André
Published: November 2018

Embryo transfer in cattle is performed with blastocysts produced in vivo or in vitro using defined media. However, outdated systems such as those that use serum and co-culture remain of interest for research purposes. Here, we investigated the effect of additional culture time on in vitro-produced embryos. Specifically, we compared embryos that formed a blastocoel at different times after fertilisation to those that stayed in culture for up to two additional days with respect to their development in vivo after temporary transfer to oestrus-synchronised recipients. A pre-transfer set (D6, D6+1, D6+2, D7, D7+1, D8) was examined using microarray analyses and correlated with a post-transfer set that included two different days of transfer (D6-T6, D6+2-T8, D7+1-T8, D8-T8). All surviving conceptuses reached primitive-streak stages and filamentous sizes similarly to in vivo (D18) or in vitro controls (D7/T7). The recovery rate differed between D6 and D8 embryos that were immediately transferred (58 vs 25%). With an intermediate survival rate (33%), the D6 embryos with two additional days in culture produced nine times more IFN-tau (IFNT) at D18 than the D6 embryos that were immediately transferred. At the end of culture, D6 and D6+2 embryos displayed the highest number of gene expression differences. Despite a mortality of 40–60%, no signature was detectable in any of the transferred groups that would account for the embryos’ fates. Initially reputed to be beneficial in producing more blastocysts, our culture system of B2 medium plus serum and co-culture generated blastocysts that were distinct from those developed in vivo (D7).
Fine-Scale Resolution of Runs of Homozygosity Reveal Patterns of Inbreeding and Substantial Overlap with Recessive Disease Genotypes in Domestic Dogs
Authors: Sams Aaron J , Boyko Adam R
Published: November 2018

Inbreeding leaves distinct genomic traces, most notably long genomic tracts that are identical by descent and completely homozygous. These runs of homozygosity (ROH) can contribute to inbreeding depression if they contain deleterious variants that are fully or partially recessive. Several lines of evidence have been used to show that long (> 5 megabase) ROH are disproportionately likely to harbor deleterious variation, but the extent to which long vs. short tracts contribute to autozygosity at loci known to be deleterious and recessive has not been studied. In domestic dogs, nearly 200 mutations are known to cause recessive diseases, most of which can be efficiently assayed using SNP arrays. By examining genome-wide data from over 200,000 markers, including 150 recessive disease variants, we built high-resolution ROH density maps for nearly 2,500 dogs, recording ROH down to 500 kilobases. We observed over 678 homozygous deleterious recessive genotypes in the panel across 29 loci, 90% of which overlapped with ROH inferred by GERMLINE. Although most of these genotypes were contained in ROH over 5 Mb in length, 14% were contained in short (0.5 - 2.5 megabase) tracts, a significant enrichment compared to the genetic background, suggesting that even short tracts are useful for computing inbreeding metrics like the coefficient of inbreeding estimated from ROH (FROH). In our dataset, FROH differed significantly both within and among dog breeds. All breeds harbored some regions of reduced genetic diversity due to drift or selective sweeps, but the degree of inbreeding and the proportion of inbreeding caused by short vs. long tracts differed between breeds, reflecting their different population histories. Although only available for a few species, large genome-wide datasets including recessive disease variants hold particular promise not only for disentangling the genetic architecture of inbreeding depression, but also evaluating and improving upon current approaches for detecting ROH.