bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New source flux density and antenna sensitivity monitoring in AUSTRAL VLBI sessions for improved feedback and results
Authors: Lim Chin Chuan , McCallum Lucia , McCallum Jamie , Calvés Guifré Molera , McCarthy Tiege
Published: June 2022

In very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations, two or more telescopes observe distant quasars and record the radio emission at specific frequency ranges. The source flux densities and telescope sensitivities are two essential parameters for determining the duration of observation on each source to yield the target signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The source flux density varies with the baseline length, viewing angle and changes in the structure of the source itself, whereas the antenna sensitivity is often assumed to be constant at the zenith. A geodetic VLBI session is typically 24-hours long and is comprised of as many short observations as possible on various sources. In the data processing stage, the recorded signal of each observation needs to reach an SNR threshold to produce useful geodetic products. An SNR target of at least two times higher than required is usually in place during the planning of the VLBI session. However, we find that the Australian VLBI sessions (AUSTRALs) still consist of observations with insufficient SNR, which suggests either the inaccuracy of the assumed source flux densities, antenna sensitivities, or both. In this work, we analysed the SNR performance for 72 S/X AUSTRAL sessions since 2014 and investigated the possibility to increase the number of observations and session performance. We start by monitoring the sensitivity of the three 12m AuScope VLBI telescopes and the source flux density directly from these sessions based on a source- and observation-specific approach. This research shows an improvement of more than two standard deviations in the SNR prediction compared to the current utilised practice, which means the prediction for the sensitivity of telescopes and source flux density is more precise. This research can potentially improve the observing efficiency from the current global average of about 80%. We can also better define good sources in the southern sky for geodesy. This new approach (a scan-by-scan or `scan-wise' procedure) is the first step to realise continuous feedback and observation improvement.
Learner Performance-based Behavior Optimization Algorithm: A Functional Case Study
Authors: Ahmed Shahad , Rashid Tarik A.
Published: June 2022

A novel algorithm called learner performance-based behavior algo-rithm (LPB) was proposed for single and multi-objective by Chnoor M. Rahman and Tarik A. Rashid in 2021. LPB proved its ability to deal with complex opti-mization problems compared to the dragonfly algorithm (DA), genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). This paper presents and explains the implementation of the LPB algorithm, and it applies it as a model in a case study to maximize a fitness function. As a result, the LPB algorithm is success-fully improved the initial population and achieved the optimal solution.
The effect of tropical temperatures on the quality of RNA extracted from stabilized whole blood samples
Authors: Sarathkumara Yomani D. , Browne Daniel J. , Kelly Ashton M. , Pattinson David J. , Rush Catherine M. , Warner Jeffrey , Proietti Carla , Doolan Denise L.
Published: June 2022

Background
Whole-blood derived transcriptional profiling is widely used in biomarker discovery, immunological research and therapeutic development. Traditional molecular and high-throughput transcriptomic platforms, including molecular assays with quantitative-PCR (qPCR) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), are dependent upon high-quality, high-quantity and intact RNA. However, collecting high-quality RNA from field studies can be challenging in remote tropical locations due to resource restrictions and logistics of post-collection processing. The current study tested the relative performance of two most widely used whole blood RNA collection systems, PAXgene® and Tempus™, in optimal laboratory conditions as well as suboptimal conditions in tropical field sites, including the effects of extended storage times and high storage temperatures.
Results
We found that Tempus™ tubes maintained a slightly higher RNA quantity and integrity relative to PAXgene® tubes at suboptimal tropical conditions. Both PAXgene® and Tempus™ tubes gave similar RNA purity (A260/A280). Additionally, we found that Tempus™ tubes preferentially maintained the stability of mRNA transcripts even as RNA quality decreased with storage length and temperature.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that Tempus™ blood RNA collection tubes are preferable to PAXgene® for whole-blood collection in suboptimal tropical conditions for RNA-based studies in resource-limited settings.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of Salmonella resistance in Beijing-You chickens and Guang Ming broilers
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Wang Hailong , Sánchez Astrid Lissette Barreto , Thiam Mamadou , Zhang Jin , Li Qinghe , Zheng Maiqing , Wen Jie , Zhao Guiping , Wang Qiao
Published: June 2022

BackgroundSalmonella is a food-borne pathogen that can infect animals and humans. It is currently the most common bacterial pathogen that negatively affects poultry industry. Although different chicken breeds have been observed to exhibit diverse resistance to Salmonella infection, the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear and the genes involved in this differential disease resistance need to be identified. To overcome this knowledge gap, we used a liver transcriptome analysis to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in two different chicken breeds (local Beijing You (BY) and commercial Guangming No. 2 broiler line B (GM)) before and after Salmonella infection. We also performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to detect hub genes, and employed selection signal analysis of candidate genes. ResultsTranscriptome analysis showed that there were 329 differentially expressed genes in Guang Ming (GM) broilers Salmonella infection group and control group, of which 173 were up-regulated and 156 were down regulated. In Beijing You (BY) chickens, there were 563 DEGs between the Salmonella infection group and control group , including 220 up-regulated and 343 down-regulated genes. Using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, we found that some genes were significantly enriched in immune-related signaling pathways, such as Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Salmonella infection. Three promising genes (EGR1, JUN and FOS) were eventually identified, which were significantly and differentially expressed in the same breed under different conditions, and in the two breeds after Salmonella infection. Hub genes, such as PPFIA4 and ZNF395, were also identified using WGCNA, which were associated with the heterophils/lymphocytes ratio, an indicator of disease resistance. Conclusionsthe present study identified several genes and pathways associated with resistance to Salmonella infection, and found that BY had greater resistance to Salmonella infection than GM. The results obtained provide valuable resources for investigating the mechanisms of resistance to Salmonella infection in different chicken breeds.
Water intake, hydration status and related hydration biomarkers among physically active male young adults in Beijing, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Na , Zhang Jianfen , Wang Xing , Li Yibin , Yan Yi , Ma Guansheng
Published: June 2022

Studies on the water intake of athletes in daily life are insufficient. The objective was to determine the water intake and hydration status among physically active male young adults. In this cross-sectional studies study, 111 physically active male young adults were recruited. The amount of daily total drinking fluid intake (TDF) among participants was recorded and evaluated in real time over 7 days using the “7-day 24-hour fluid intake questionnaire” (liq. In7). The daily water intake from food (WFF) was calculated using the weighing, duplicate portion and direct-drying method over 3 days. All urine samples over 3 days were collected, and urine biomarkers were determined. According to 24-h urine osmolality, the participants were divided into three groups with Euhydrated status, middle hydration and hypohydration statuses. Finally, 109 participants completed the study. The median daily total water intake (TWI), TDF and WFF were 2701, 1789 and 955 mL, respectively. Among participants, 17 participants (16%) were in Euhydrated status, 47 participants (43%) were in hypohydration, and 45 participants (41%) were in middle hydration. There were statistical significances in the 24-h urine volume, osmolality, urine specific gravity, and concentrations of K, Na and Cl in different hydration statuses (χ2 = 28.212, P < 0.01; χ2 = 91.341, P < 0.01; χ2 = 47.721, P < 0.01; χ2 = 41.548, P < 0.01; χ2 = 46.863, P < 0.01; χ2 = 40.839, P < 0.01). Moderate-intensity correlations were found between the TDF and 24-h urine volume, 24-h urine osmolality, 24-h urine Na concentration, morning urine osmolality, and morning urine Na concentration (r = 0.408, P < 0.01; r=-0.378, P < 0.01; r=-0.325, P < 0.01; r=-0.344, P < 0.01; r=-0.329, P < 0.01). There were also moderate intensity correlations between the TDF and 24-h urine osmolality, morning urine osmolality, and morning urine Na concentration (r=-0.365, P < 0.01; r=-0.371, P < 0.01; r=-0.322, P = 0.01). Increased and higher moderate-intensity correlations were found between plain water and 24-h urine volume, 24-h urine osmolality, 24-h urine K and Na concentration, morning urine osmolality, and morning urine Na concentration (r = 0.374, P < 0.01; r=-0.520, P < 0.01; r=-0.312, P < 0.01; r=-0.355, P < 0.01; r=-0.446, P < 0.01; r=-0.378, P < 0.01). Insufficient water intake and hypohydration were common among physically active male young adults. The amount and type of water intake was correlated with hydration status and urine biomarkers.
BEPC-RF:A Stellar Spectral Classification Algorithm Based on Transformer and PCA Double Feature Extraction
Authors: Li Shuangchuan , Tu Liangping , Li Jianxi , Wang Xiaoming , Tu Dongxin , Feng Xueqi , Li Juan
Published: June 2022

The research about automatically classification and accurately identification of the stellar spectrum is one of the hot research topics in astronomy. In this paper, a high-performance BEPC-RF algorithm is proposed torealize the task of automatic classification of stellar spectra. The algorithm can achieve dual feature extraction based on Transformer and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The BEPC-RF algorithm consistsof the following three steps: firstly, the PCA algorithm is applied to extract the feature vector Fpca from the denoised and normalized stellar spectra; Secondly, by removing the pseudo continuum spectrum which is fitted through the polynomial fitting method, the spectral line information is obtained; In this step, the entire wavelength range is divided into 10 different bands, and then we can get 10 trapezoidal integral values of the 10 bands, and these 10 values are the vector Finte. Then, use the Transformer model to perform feature learningon Finte to obtain another feature vector Ftrans. Finally, the feature spectrum is represented by Fspectrum=(Ftrans, Fpca), and then input it into the Random Forest (RF) algorithm to realize the automatic classification of stellar spectra. The experimental results show that the final classification accuracy rate of BEPC-RF algorithm is 0.919, which is significantly better than KLDA algorithm, KSVM algorithm, DECISION TREE algorithm, XGBOOST algorithm, ADABOOST algorithm, BAYES algorithm, KNN algorithm, RF algorithm’s classificationaccuracy rate i.e. 0.8, 0.84, 0.806, 0.836, 0.83, 0.777, 0.821, 0.85.
Palmatine suppresses acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by inducing pyroptosis via ROS/PI3K/AKT signaling
Authors: Zheng Qin , Pei Yuqing , Li Yuchen , Chen Hongqing , Zhao Ziyi , Hu Qiongying
Published: June 2022

Purpose Palmatine (PAL) is widely identified as an isoquinoline alkaloid among the representatives of the Berberidaceae botanical family. Palmatine exerts suppressive effects on several kinds of cancer. Several natural products were found to suppress acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, the effects of Palmatine on AML are still unknown. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effects of PAL on AML.Methods Several AML cell lines, including HL-60, OCI-AML3, Molm-13 and KG-1 cells were employed to evaluate the effects of PAL. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor formation in soft agar were evaluated. PAL’s effects on ROS accumulation and subsequent induction of pyroptosis were measured. Results PAL promoted the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP1 and induced apoptosis. PAL treatment also caused the release of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequently induced the pyroptosis-specific cleavage of caspase-1, caspase-5 and gasdermin D, which was reversed by pyroptosis inhibitor VX765. After PAL treatment for 6-24 hours, PAL treatment increased ROS in HL-60 and KG-1 cells. Abolishment of ROS with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) attenuated LDH release, which was similar to the effect of VX765, indicating that palmatine contributes to the suppression of AML partially by inducing pyroptosis. Furthermore, we found that palmatine-induced ROS accumulation inhibited PI3K and AKT phosphorylation and abolished ROS-mediated reactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling, which was similar to the effects of the PI3K activator 740Y-P. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicate that palmatine induces cell death mainly by inducing ROS accumulation and ROS/PI3K/AKT signaling.
In search of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) using mice-baited traps along the peninsula of Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Waleckx Etienne , Verdugo Juan José Rios , Amblard-Rambert Antoine , Basulto Gerardo Enrique Medina , López-Valencia Gilberto , Haro Ana Paulina
Published: June 2022

During a 3000 kms-exploratory fieldtrip along the peninsula of Baja California, Mexico, we used mice-baited traps in search of Triatominae. Specimens of Paratriatoma hirsuta and Dipetalogaster maxima were collected.
Analysis of tumour dose-response data from animal experiments via two TCP models accounting for tumor hypoxia and resensitization
Authors: Stavrev Pavel Vassilev , Stavreva Nadejda , Ruggieri Ruggero , Nahum Alan Ephraim , Pressyanov Dobromir
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To treat animal dose-response data exhibiting inverse dose-response behavior with two tumor control probability (TCP) models accounting for tumor hypoxia and reoxygenation leading to resensitization of the tumor

Methods

One of the tested TCP models uses a modified linear-quadratic (LQ) model of cell survival where both α and β radiosensitivities increase in time during the treatment due to reoxygenation of the hypoxic tumor sub-population. The other TCP model deals with two types of hypoxia – chronic and acute – and accounts for tumor re-sensitization via oxygenation of the chronically hypoxic and fluctuating oxygenation of the acutely hypoxic sub-populations. The two models are fit using the maximum likelihood method to the data of Fowler et al on mice mammary tumors irradiated to different doses using different fractionated schedules. These data are chosen since as many as five of the dose-response curves show an inverse dose behavior, which is interpreted as due to re-sensitization.

Results

The p-values of the fits of both models to the data render them statistically acceptable. A performed comparison test shows that both models describe the data equally well. It is also demonstrated that the most sensitive (oxic) tumor component has no impact on the treatment outcome.

Conclusion

The ability of the tested models to predict and describe the impact of resensitization on the treatment outcome is thus proven. It is also demonstrated that prolonged treatment schedules can be more beneficial than shorter ones. However, this may be true only for schedules with small number of fractions, i.e. for hypo-fractionated treatments only.
Single-cell full-length isoform sequencing reveals an abundance of 3’ prime partial transcripts in maternally inherited RNAs
Authors: Xiao Chuan-Le , Wang Chaoyang , Shi Zhuoxing , Huang Qingpei , Hu Kunhua , Liu Rong , Su Dan , Lin Zhuobin , Fan Xiaoying
Published: June 2022

Isoform expression in preimplantation embryos has been extensively investigated, and many novel isoforms have been identified. However, the regulation patterns of different types of transcripts along the developing stages remainsunexplored. We quantified the expression of full-length isoforms in over one hundred single blastomeres from the mouse oocyte to blastocyst stage and found that the 3’ prime partial transcripts that lack stop codonswere highly accumulated in oocytes and zygotes. A typical 3’ prime partial isoform,Ncl-S-350, was demonstratedto be not a transcription by-productbutto function in the ZGA process. SRSF4 was identified to be responsible for generating these 3’ prime partial transcripts in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), and both Ncl-S-350 and Srsf4 overexpression could convert mESCs to a 2-cell (2C)-like state. Our work reveals the important role of isoform switch regulation in early embryonic development and lays the foundation for an alternative way of acquiring totipotent cells.
Money, Stock-Jobbing, and Corruption in England at the Turn of the XVII–XVIII Centuries
Authors: Vysokova V. V.
Published: June 2022

The article reconstructs the historical context that shaped the ﬁnancial capitalism in England at the turn of the XVII– XVIII centuries. It focuses on the crisis of Christian values and the development of secular rationalistic morality. The author connected the socio-economic context of England in the early modern period with the intellectual atmosphere of the late Stuart era and the early Hanoverian dynasty. The problem is considered from three points of view: (1) economic and political situation in the context of mercantilism, (2) the South Sea Company as an example of the interaction between the corrupt cabinet members and the London merchants; (3) social attitude, e.g., D. Defoe's The Anatomy of the Exchange Lane or the Exchange Trading System (1719). The epoch under discussion saw the emergence of a bipolar world of the poor and the rich in Western Europe in the early XVIII century, when the society of landowners replaced the medieval hierarchy.
European Union Renewable Energy Strategy
Authors: Zharonkina E. A. , Goltseva A. A.
Published: June 2022

The renewable energy sector is becoming increasingly important in the global energy balance. This process can be explained by the depletion of fossil resources and the global environmental concern. Economies need more energy-eﬃcient technologies to meet the growing volume of energy consumption. In the last quarter of the century, the European Union has seen a rapid development of renewable energy sources. Its aim is not only to diversify energy consumption, but to switch to renewable sources in order to reduce its dependence on traditional energy imports. The article examines the strategy of the European Union in the ﬁeld of renewable energy technologies and their prospects. In the European Union, the renewable energy sector is regulated both at the organizational and national levels. The current regulatory framework is being improved; it establishes uniform requirements for all member states. However, each country has adopted its own national plans for renewable energy development. The European Union countries can independently determine the measures of state stimulation and support of renewable energy development. The most eﬀective of them are: tax incentives, green tariﬀs, grants and loans. Despite certain diﬃculties, including those associated with the current level of technology development, renewable energy has a very high potential for further development, and the share of energy generated from renewable sources is increasing every year.
Pan-European Identity during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Khakhalkina E. V.
Published: June 2022

The coronavirus pandemic triggered a qualitative reformatting of the pan-European identity. Early in the pandemic, it clashed with national self-awareness. As Brussels attempted to strengthen solidarity and cohesion, the situation in some EU countries became extremely instable. The present article contains a theoretical description of the concept of EU identity and the transformations it underwent during the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses on the early challenges to the EU’s identity, its subsequent plunge into uncertainty and confusion, and Brussels’ attempts to build trust and solidarity as the basic principles of the EU’s identity. The author analyzed the Eurobarometer surveys to reveal the public attitude towards the two conﬂicting levels of identity. During the pandemic, the pan-European identity served as a protective mechanism against the exacerbation of chronic uniﬁcation problems.
The EU and European Countries’ Indo-Paciﬁc Strategies: Security and Nuclear Factor
Authors: Toropchin G. V.
Published: June 2022

The Indo-Paciﬁc region concept, having a signiﬁcant place in the U.S. as well as their Asia-Paciﬁc allies’ oﬃcial discourse in the latest decades, is also penetrating the diplomatic terminology of both the EU and separate European nations. This paper features a review of how the Indo-Paciﬁc strategies are designed as exempliﬁed by the corresponding documents adopted by the said international organisation and some of its member states (including the former ones, such as the UK), particularly in the security realm and nuclear non-proliferation, given the importance of these factors for strategic stability in the global and regional dimensions. In terms of methodology, the article employs some elements of discourse analysis, content analysis, comparative political studies, and prognostic methods; the sources are represented by the EU and European countries’ oﬃcial documents, as well as speeches made by politicians. Thanks to analysing the states’ strategies, main trends, which are also reﬂected in the common EU strategy, are singled out. The author draws a conclusion that the deterioration of the Ukrainian crisis will limit the opportunities for further development of the interregional ties between Europe and Asia.
Abundant Plpp Sequence Has the Same Conformation in Unrelated Proteins
Authors: Zielenkiewicz Piotr , Plochocka Danuta
Published: June 2022

It has been shown that a low complexity sequence PLPP is abundantly present in a representative set of PIR database. The PLPP fragment has the same loop conformation in five unrelated protein structures. Conformational analysis of PXPP tetrapeptides, as well as analysis of known protein structures, shows that this particular conformation should be adopted for any X more bulky than valine.
P2Y6R: A Promising New Target in Inflammatory Diseases and Advances in its Antagonists
Authors: Wang Yuanhui , Pei Yuanyuan , Yao Yongfang , Cheng Weyland , Li Yinchao , Duan Yongtao
Published: June 2022

P2Y receptors (P2YRs) are G protein-coupled receptors that are activated by
extracellular nucleotides. The P2Y6 receptor (P2Y6R) is specifically activated by UDP,
causing PKC activation and intracellular calcium ion release through the PLC pathway.
Based on receptor tissue distribution and related pathways, several studies have reported
that P2Y6R plays a physiological role in mediating inflammation, which suggests that
P2Y6R could be a promising molecular target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
In the past ten years, several P2Y6R antagonists have been discovered as new therapeutic
strategies for inflammatory diseases. In this article, we systematically summarize the role
of P2Y6R in inflammation and highlight the anti-inflammatory mechanism of a key
P2Y6R antagonist, MRS2578. Insight into recent progress on the discovery of P2Y6R antagonists
is also discussed.
Functional Analysis of Wild-Type and 27 CYP3A4 Variants on Dronedarone Metabolism
In vitro
Authors: Wang Chen-Chen , Lan Tian
Published: June 2022

Background:

Cytochrome P450 (P450) is the largest family of enzymatic proteins in the human liver, and
its features have been studied in physiology, medicine, biotechnology, and phytoremediation.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess the catalytic activities of 28 human CYP3A4 alleles by using dronedarone
as a probe drug in vitro, including 7 novel alleles recently found in the Han Chinese population.

Methods:

We expressed 28 CYP3A4 alleles in insect microsomes and incubated them with 1-100 μM of dronedarone
at 37 °C for 40 minutes to obtain the metabolites of N-debutyl-dronedarone.

Results:

Compared with the wild type of CYP3A4, the 27 defective alleles can be classified into four categories.
Three alleles had no detectable enzyme activity leading to a lack of kinetic parameters of N-debutyl-dronedarone; the
other three alleles slightly despaired when it comes to intrinsic clearance values compared with the features of the
wild type. Sixteen alleles exhibited 35.91%~79.70% relative values (in comparison to the wild-type) and could be
defined as the “moderate decrease group”. The rest of the alleles showed a considerable decrease in intrinsic clearance
values, ranging from 11.88%~23.34%. Therefore they were classified as a “significantly decreased group”.
More specifically, 18 CYP3A4 alleles exhibited a substrate inhibition trend toward dronedarone when the concentration
rises to 20 μM.

Conclusion:

The outcomes of this novel study on the metabolism of dronedarone by CYP3A4 alleles can be used as
experimental data support for the individualized use of this modern drug.
Therapeutic Targeting of Overexpressed MiRNAs in Cancer Progression
Authors: Lee Sau Har , Brianna Brianna
Published: June 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs involved in the modulation of various bio-logical processes, and their dysregulation is greatly associated with cancer progression as miRNAs can act as either tumour suppressors or oncogenes, depending on their intended target, mechanism of actions, and expression levels. This review paper aims to shed light on the role of overexpressed miRNAs in cancer progression. Cancer cells are known to upregulate specific miRNAs to inhibit the expression of genes regulating the cell cycle, such as PTEN, FOXO1, SOX7, caspases, KLF4, TRIM8, and ZBTB4. Inhibition of these genes promotes cancer development and survival by indu-cing cell growth, migration, and invasion while evading apoptosis, which leads to poor cancer sur-vival rates. Therefore, the potential of antisense miRNAs in treating cancer is also explored in this review. Antisense miRNAs are chemically modified oligonucleotides that can reverse the action of overexpressed miRNAs. Currently, the therapeutic potential of antisense miRNAs is being validated in both in vitro and in vivo models. Studies have shown that antisense miRNAs could slow down the progression of cancer while enhancing the action of conventional anticancer drugs. These fin-dings provide hope for future oncologic care as this novel intervention is in the process of clinical translation.
Identification of HnRNP Family as Prognostic Biomarkers in Five Major
Types of Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Wang Lili , Yu Qian , Chen Xianghan , Gong Ruining , Wang Jia , Ma Boyi , Lei Ke , Ren He , Wang Jigang , Zhao Chenyang
Published: June 2022

Background:

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), a large family of RNAbinding
proteins, have been implicated in tumor progression in multiple cancer types. However, the
expression pattern and prognostic value of hnRNPs in five gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including gastric,
colorectal, esophageal, liver, and pancreatic cancer, remain to be investigated.

Objective:

The current research aimed to identify prognostic biomarkers of the hnRNP family in five
major types of gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods:

Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and Kaplan-Meier
Plotter were used to explore the hnRNPs expression levels concerning clinicopathological parameters
and prognostic values. The protein level of hnRNPU was validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in
human tissue specimens. Genetic alterations of hnRNPs were analyzed using cBioportal, and Gene
Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to
illustrate the biological functions of co-expressed genes of hnRNPs.

Results:

The vast majority of hnRNPs were highly expressed in five types of GI cancer tissues compared
to their adjacent normal tissues, and mRNA levels of hnRNPA2B1, D, Q, R, and U were significantly
different in various GI cancer types at different stages. In addition, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed
that the increased hnRNPs expression levels were correlated with better prognosis in gastric
and rectal cancer patients (log-rank p < 0.05). In contrast, patients with high levels of hnRNPs exhibited
a worse prognosis in esophageal and liver cancer (log-rank p < 0.05). Using immunohistochemistry,
we further confirmed that hnRNPU was overexpressed in gastric, rectal, and liver cancers. In addition,
hnRNPs genes were altered in patients with GI cancers, and RNA-related processing was correlated
with hnRNPs alterations.

Conclusion:

We identified differentially expressed genes of hnRNPs in tumor tissues versus adjacent
normal tissues, which might contribute to predicting tumor types, early diagnosis, and targeted therapies
in five major types of GI cancer.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Delivered by Nanocomposites for Gene Therapy
of Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats
Authors: Guo Qi , Lu Yuxin , Cheng Xiaochen , Xiao Fengjun , Zhang Qinglin , Gao Peng , Du Li
Published: June 2022

Background:

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease.
There is no effective treatment for PF. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic
effects but has limited potential owing to its short half-life.

Methods:

To increase the transfection efficiency of pVAX-HGF, we prepared polyethyleneiminepolyethylene
glycol: polyethyleneimine/pVAX-HGF (PEG-PEI: PEI/pVAX-HGF) nanocomposite
loaded with a plasmid encoding the HGF gene. The PEG-PEI:PEI/pVAX-HGF characteristics, including
morphology, particle size, zeta-potential, and DNA entrapment efficiency, were investigated. The
pVAX-HGF nanocomposites with low toxicity and high transfection efficiency were screened by cell
viability assay and cell transfection. The antifibrotic effect of pVAX-HGF nanocomposite on PF rats
induced by bleomycin (BLM) was evaluated by pulmonary function measurement, pathological examination
and collagen content assay.

Results:

Different nanocomposites were prepared to deliver pVAX-HGF, in which mix1 (PEGPEI:
PEI/pVAX-HGF) has lower potential and better entrapment ability. PEG-PEI:PEI/pVAX-HGF
(N/P=25) nanocomposite with low toxicity and high transfection efficiency was administered to PF
rats. After treatment with mix 1/pVAX-HGF, the index of lung function(including EF50, MV, TV, PEF
and PIF) in mix 1/pVAX-HGF group was higher than that of the PF group. The number of cells in
BALF of the mix 1/pVAX-HGF group was significantly lower than that of the PF groups, and the content
of hydroxyproline(HYP) and collagen Type I (Col-I) in the lung of the mix 1/pVAX-HGF group
was much lower than that of the PF groups in the early stage. The result of pathological examination
showed that rats in the mix1/pVAX-HGF group showed obviously reduced alveolar septal thickening,
fewer infiltrated inflammatory cells and less collagen deposition.

Conclusion:

The PEG-PEI:PEI/pVAX-HGF nanocomposite can ameliorate PF induced by BLM. The
pVAX-HGF nanocomposite is a latent therapeutic strategy for PF.
Future Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: From Dose Optimization
to New Agents
Authors: Breccia Massimo , Scalzulli Emilia , Pepe Sara , Colafigli Gioia , Martelli Maurizio
Published: June 2022

Background:

The outcome of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in chronic phase has
changed after the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The life expectancy is actually similar
to that of the general population. Although outstanding results were achieved, about 20-30% of patients
failed to achieve molecular milestones or experienced a severe toxicity and needed to switch to a second
line.

Objective:

The aim of this review is to report on possible future management in CML, from dose optimization
to avoid long-term off-target events to new agents for the treatment of resistant and/or intolerant
patients.

Methods:

Broad research on Medline, Embase and archives from EHA and ASH congresses was performed.

Results:

New TKIs have been developed to counteract resistance and/or intolerance in the setting of
T315I mutated patients. The benefits of ponatinib dose optimization have been recently reported in the
OPTIC trial. New trials to test the dose optimization are ongoing.

Conclusion:

Reduction of the standard dose could be performed to reduce the specific TKI toxicity. Selective
TKIs could be prescribed in the future as third line treatment.
Discovery, Design, and Development of Effective and Stable Binding Compounds for Mutant EGFR Inhibition
Authors: Karnik Kshipra S. , Sarkate Aniket P. , Jambhorkar Vaishanavi S. , Wakte Pravin S.
Published: June 2022

Background:

The epidermal growth factor receptor of the tyrosine kinase family has been largely targeted in mutations associated with non-small cell lung cancer. EGFR inhibitors have been produced that bind allosterically to the C797S mutant EGFR enzyme.

Objective:

Here, the Waterswap tool has been used for the interpretation and visualization of trajectories of mutant EGFR-ligand complexes. Virtual screening of the generated compounds has been carried out along with its molecular docking and ADMET analysis.

Methods:

Out of the generated library of compounds, the top 15 have been selected. Waterswap calculated the binding free energies of the compounds and thermodynamic properties of the enumerated compounds were compared with that of standard EAI045.

Results:

It was observed that compound KSK-1 stabilized better than EAI045.

Conclusion:

Waterswap analysis offers a promising new path in the hunt for improved tools for analyzing and visualizing molecular driving forces in protein-ligand complex simulations.
Button Mushroom - Potential Source of Vitamin D2 and Possibilities of
Value Addition
Authors: Singh Simran , Joshi Ila
Published: June 2022

Background:

Despite, being known as the sunshine vitamin, there is a widespread deficiency
of vitamin D. Mushrooms upon exposure to sunlight or UV radiations can synthesize
vitamin D2 due to the presence of its precursor, ergosterol. The most common mushroom to be
consumed worldwide is the button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). These mushrooms possess a
high nutritional value and have many therapeutic benefits.

Objectives:

This review aims to comprehend the potential of button mushrooms as a source of
vitamin D2 and the possibilities of making value added products by incorporating button mushrooms.

Conclusion:

As button mushrooms are grown in dark chambers, they have negligible amounts of
vitamin D2, however, on exposure to sunlight or UV B radiation, nutritionally significant vitamin
D2 can be generated in fresh, whole, sliced or dried powder. The synthesis of vitamin D2 is
largely dependent on the type of UV radiation, its intensity, temperature and exposed surface area.
As fresh button mushrooms are highly perishable, they are often preserved in the form of
jams, sauce, pickles and candy. Dried button mushroom powder finds utility in formulating nutrient
enriched cakes, breads, biscuits, cookies, soup powders and composite flours. With the ever-
increasing demand for novel health foods, vitamin D enhanced button mushroom and its powder
can be used in various forms in the diet as a sustainable non-animal substitute to supplements
and pills to tackle vitamin D deficiency.
A Concise Review of Common Plant-derived Compounds as a Potential
Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease: Insight into
Structure-Activity-Relationship
Authors: Nishal Suchitra , Phaugat Parmita , Bazaad Jyoti , Dhaka Rubal , Khatkar Sarita , Khatkar Anurag , Khayatkashani Maryam , Alizadeh Pooyan , Haghighi Shima Motavalli , Mehri Mohammad , Kashani Hamid Reza Khayat
Published: June 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are the two most common neurological
illnesses that affect people in their later years. Memory loss is the hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease,
while dyskinesia, or loss of mobility, is associated with muscle rigidity and tremors in PD. Both
diseases are unrelated, however, they do have a few similarities associated with extrapyramidal abnormalities,
particularly stiffness, which has been linked to concomitant PD in many AD patients. Increased
levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF in the AD and PD patients can be regarded as evidence of systemic
inflammation associated with each of these neurodegenerative disorders. One of the primary
variables in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders is oxidative stress. Many medicinal plants
and their secondary metabolites have been claimed to be able to help people with neurodegenerative
disorders like AD and PD. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, monoamine oxidase inhibition,
acetylcholinesterase, and neurotrophic pursuits are among the major mechanisms identified by
which phytochemicals exert their neuroprotective effects and potential maintenance of neurological
health in old age. In regard to neurodegenerative disorders, numerable plant-based drugs like alkaloids,
iridoids, terpenes, and flavones are employed for the treatment. Structure-activity relationships
(SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) are used to investigate the link between
bioactivity and the chemical configuration of substances. The SAR and QSAR of natural plant
components employed in AD and PD are discussed in the current review.
Intriguing Role of Gut-Brain Axis on Cognition with an Emphasis on
Interaction with Papez Circuit
Authors: Xavier Joyal , Anu M. , Fathima A.S. , Ravichandiran V. , Kumar Nitesh
Published: June 2022

The gut microbiome is a complicated ecosystem of around a hundred billion symbiotic bacteria
cells. Bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain is facilitated by the immune
system, the enteric nervous system, the vagus nerve, and microbial compounds such as tryptophan metabolites
and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The current study emphasises the relationship of the
gut-brain axis with cognitive performance and elucidates the underlying biological components, with a
focus on neurotransmitters such as serotonin, indole derivatives, and catecholamine. These biological
components play important roles in both the digestive and brain systems. Recent research has linked
the gut microbiome to a variety of cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer's (AD). The review describes
the intriguing role of the gut-brain axis in recognition memory depending on local network
connections within the hippocampal as well as other additional hippocampal portions of the Papez circuit.
The available data from various research papers show how the gut microbiota might alter brain
function and hence psychotic and cognitive illnesses. The role of supplementary probiotics is emphasized
for the reduction of brain-related dysfunction as a viable strategy in handling cognitive disorders.
Further, the study elucidates the mode of action of probiotics with reported adverse effects.
Herbal Therapeutics as Potential Prophylaxis for SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Singhal Shipra , Kumar Abhishek , Katiyar Deepti , Patil Vaishali M.
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

The global pandemic COVID-19 and its uncontrolled spread and lack of effective therapeutics demand to investigate the herbal resources in search of novel, safe and potent therapeutics. Herbal medicines have proven the advantage of multi-target potential and thus can be investigated for virus-host interaction protein and viral protein targets.

Objectives:

Manuscript aims to provide an outcome-based analysis of studies performed towards evaluation of herbal compounds as anti-COVID agents. The studies focus on the proposed mechanism of viral inhibition by herbal compounds.

Methods:

The details on modern drug discovery approaches for investigation of potential antiviral agents includes in silico screening, ADMET and molecular docking studies. It helps to establish the probable mechanism of viral inhibition as well as to establish pharmacophore. The reports explaining role of herbal therapeutics/phytochemicals in antiviral drug development have been thoroughly searched.

Results:

The study summarizes herbal therapeutics and phytochemicals based on their antiviral properties against various pathogenic viruses. Herbal compounds that have an interesting role in the development of therapeutics and herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 are included and discussed.

Conclusion:

The manuscript provides a summarized description of herbal resources and phytochemicals which are under investigation or have been investigated as potential therapeutic option for SARS-COV-2 inhibition. It will be a useful resource for researchers interested in the development of herbal therapeutics for the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19.
Farklı Toplumsal Statüye Sahip Kadınların Kıskançlık ve Mutluluk Durumlarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: BATTAL Sabriye , EJDER APAY Serap
Published: June 2022

Amaç: Araştırma farklı toplumsal statüdeki kadınların kıskançlık ve mutluluk düzeylerini ve aralarındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Karşılaştırıcı, ilişki arayıcı ve tanımlayıcı nitelikte olan çalışma; Malatya Akçadağ Şehit Gökhan Aslan Devlet Hastanesi kadın doğum polikliniklerinde 30.05.2019- 26.03.2020 tarihleri arasında, çalışmaya alınma kriterlerine uyan 1525 (bekar 303 kadın+ çocuğu olan 307 kadın+ çocuğu olmayan 305 kadın+ 306 primipar gebe+ 304 multipar gebe) kadın ile yapılmıştır. Çalışma verilerinin toplanmasında Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Öznel Mutluluk Ölçeği (ÖMÖ) ve Çok Boyutlu Kıskançlık Ölçeği (ÇBKÖ) kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Bekarların ÖMÖ puan ortalamasının 22,00±5,09, ÇBKÖ puan ortalamasının 85,30±24,08; evli ve çocuklu kadınların ÖMÖ puan ortalamasının 22,53±5,07, ÇBKÖ puan ortalamasının 81,06±21,66; evli ve çocuksuz kadınların ÖMÖ puan ortalamasının 24,64±5,03, ÇBKÖ puan ortalamasının 87,45±18,91; primipar gebelerin ÖMÖ puan ortalamasının 24,08±4,19, ÇBKÖ puan ortalamasının 86,68±17,69 ve multipar gebelerin ÖMÖ puan ortalamasının 23,53±5,27, ÇBKÖ puan ortalamasının 83,75±20,05 olduğu; evli ve çocuksuz kadınların ÇBKÖ ve ÖMÖ puan ortalamasının diğer gruplardan daha yüksek olduğu ve gruplar arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Sonuç: Farklı toplumsal statüye sahip kadınların kıskançlıklarının orta düzeyde ve hepsinin mutlu olduğu saptanmıştır. Evli ve çocuksuz olanların en mutlu ve en kıskanç olduğu, aileye çocuğun eklenmesinin kıskançlığı negatif yönde etkileyen bir faktör olduğu bulunmuştur.
Kapsamlı Literatür Taramasının Değerlendirilmesinde Yeni Bir Çerçeve: PRESS 2015 Rehberi
Authors: TERZİ Handan , KİTİŞ Yeter
Published: June 2022

Sistematik derlemeler, sağlık hizmetlerinde mevcut kanıtların sentezlenerek en iyi kanıtın elde edilmesinde en güvenilir referans olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kapsamlı literatür taraması, sistematik derleme sürecinin önemli aşamalarından biridir. Bununla birlikte, tarama stratejisinin oluşturulması ve çeşitli veri tabanlarına uyarlanması zorlu ve zaman alıcı bir süreçtir. Akran değerlendirmesi bu süreci kısaltan ve kanıtın kalitesini arttıran güncel bir yaklaşımdır. Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS) Rehberi bu amaçla kullanılan önemli bir araçtır. PRESS rehberi sistematik derleme ve Sağlık Teknolojileri Değerlendirmesi raporları için yapılan literatür taramasında kullanılacak elektronik tarama stratejilerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla 2008 yılında geliştirilmiş, 2010 ve 2015 yıllarında güncellenmiştir. PRESS 2015 Rehberi; i) Kütüphanecilere Yönelik Öneriler, ii) Kanıt Temelli Kontrol Listesi, iii) Değerlendirme Formu ve iv) Uygulama Stratejileri olmak üzere dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında PRESS Rehberinin 2015 güncellemesi Türkçeye kazandırılarak kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Tüm dünyayla benzer şekilde ülkemizde özellikle sağlık alanında sistematik derleme metodolojisinin öneminin gittikçe arttığı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, PRESS 2015 Rehberinin tarama stratejisinin oluşturulmasında ve uyarlanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından aktif olarak kullanılması önerilir.
Phytochemicals and The Ability of Plantago major Linn. Extract to Inhibit The Growth of Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Dewi Annisa Farhana
Published: June 2022

Aeromonas hydrophila is gram-negative bacteria that can harm humans and major animals with poikilotherm properties such as fish and shrimp. These bacteria can cause hemorrhages in fish until death, causing fish farming production to fail. The use of medicinal plants has been trusted by people all over the world to overcome various disease problems, one of which is a disease caused by bacteria. Plantago major L. is known that able to inhibit the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This study aims to find out the compounds contained in Plantago major L., using phytochemicals screening, FTIR, UV-VIS and antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila. This study extracts Plantago major L. known to contain polar compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The results of FTIR and UV-VIS strengthen the presence of phenols and flavonoids. Furthermore, extract Plantago major L. is known to be able to significantly inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila (P<0.05).
Canal Dysfunction Detected by Video Head Impulse Test in Patients with Vestibular Migraine and Its Relationship with Symptomatic Improvement
Authors: Choi Ji Won , Lim Won Sub , Ryu Sung Seok , Choi Yeonjoo , Lee Sang Hun , Ha Seung Cheol , Park Hong Ju
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Video head impulse test (vHIT) can evaluate function of the vestibuloocular reflex for high frequency range of head rotation. We aimed to characterize the abnormal patterns of canal dysfunction by vHIT in vestibular migraine (VM) and evaluate the relationship between the presence of canal dysfunction and symptomatic improvement.Methods: Eighty-seven patients with VM were included. Abnormality of vHIT at the initial examination was determined by the vHIT gain and the degrees of the corrective saccades at each canal and each side. The relationship between the abnormal patterns and the symptomatic improvement (no need for preventive medication) after modification of life styles and preventive medications for 1, 3, and 6 months was evaluated.Results: Abnormal vHIT of the lateral canal was 13.8% when determined by the gain criteria and 31.0% when based on both gain and corrective saccade, regardless of the side. Abnormal vHIT of the superior and posterior canals were 18.4% and 27.6%, regardless of the side. Abnormal vHIT at any canal and side was observed in 47%. Patients showed symptomatic improvement in 29.9%, 71.3%, and 88.5% after modification of life styles and preventive medications for 1, 3, and 6 months. Abnormal vHIT results of canals were significantly related to the poor response to preventive mediations.Conclusions: Prolonged preventive medication was required for symptomatic improvement in VM patients when vHIT results of any canals were abnormal, suggesting that peripheral vestibular abnormality is closely related to the pathophysiology of vestibular migraine.
Voorwoord/Préface
Authors: Vercauteren Gert
Published: June 2022

Voorwoord/Préface