bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a mathematical model of a recycling cooling system of a thermal power plant
Authors: Norboyev Khabibulloh , Abbos Khazratov , Mukhtarov Farrukh , Usmonov Nizomjon
Published: October 2023

In thermal power plants in Uzbekistan, the drainless recycling cooling system is widespread, in which water of the most favorable and constant quality and heated in the condenser turbines are used in the water treatment plant thermal power plant. Since the recycling cooling system uses technical raw water, low solubility deposits (scale) are formed on heat exchange surfaces in turbine capacitors. It is believed that the cause of precipitation is the concentration of low soluble water components by evaporation of water in cooling towers. Due to the low thermal conductivity of the deposits formed on the heat exchange surface of the capacitors, the temperature pressure increases. As is known from the scientific and technical literature, the pressure in the turbine capacitors depends on the contamination of the cooling surface. Because of this, the vacuum worsens. The deterioration of the vacuum leads to an over-consumption of steam. Thus, the aim of this work is to increase the operational efficiency of the recycling cooling system of the thermal power plant.
Study on the conditions of material capture by pairs of rolls of squeezing machines
Authors: Turgunov Komil , Abdullaev Akhror
Published: October 2023

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the condition for material capture with pairs of rolls of squeezing machines. Calculation formulas for the parameters of roll pairs of squeezing machines are given, such as: contact angles, minimum distance between the rolls, the thickness of the processed material after squeezing. It has been established that the capture of material in the roll pairs of squeezing machines is determined by the center distance between the rolls, the thickness of the processed material and the coefficients of friction of the rolls on the processed material. It was determined that the displacement of the upper roll relative to the lower roll does not affect the values the nip angles.
Study on the hydrodynamic characteristics of swirl flow device
Authors: Badalova Dildora , Badalov Abdumalik
Published: October 2023

The work examined the hydrodynamic situation, which is created by the interaction of reciprocal twisted flows and the distribution of axial velocity along the radius of the primary and secondary flow inputs and the radius of the exhaust pipe in order to create a complete physical picture. Determination of the radius distribution of the static pressure values determined by the height of the apparatus and the static pressure distribution in the exhaust pipe.
Main types of reservoirs of pre-jurassic deposits in the Ustyurt region
Authors: Khalismatov Irmukhamat , Zokirov Ravshan , Zakirov Azamjon , Abdurakhmanov Bekhzod , Botirova Nargiza , Akhmedova Nargiza
Published: October 2023

This article compiles and presents the tangible records encompassing drilling operations, testing procedures, and geophysical loggings conducted in the Ustyurt oil and gas region of Uzbekistan. These consolidated materials provide a comprehensive overview of the exploration efforts undertaken in this region. The dataset includes information on core samples extracted from drilling, their subsequent analysis, and the outcomes of tests conducted on intervals within the Pre-Jurassic deposits. Through a meticulous examination of core samples, drilled wells, and geophysical loggings, the study delves into the reservoir properties of rock formations in this geological region. The research identifies distinct groups of rocks within the Pre-Jurassic complex, categorized by their porosity characteristics. This categorization serves as a foundational step in understanding the geological composition and potential reservoir properties of these formations. An important outcome of this analysis is the identification of five distinct types of reservoirs based on the structure of the pore space within the pre-Jurassic sediments. This categorization holds immense potential for future predictions and assessments concerning these sedimentary deposits. By amalgamating core data, geophysical readings, and testing outcomes, the research contributes to a holistic understanding of the geological attributes and reservoir potential of the Ustyurt oil and gas region. This foundational information sets the stage for informed decision-making in exploration, production, and resource management activities within this significant geological area.
Copolymerization of acrylonitrile with a nitrogen-containing ester
Authors: Mahkamova Latofat , Maksumova Oytura , Mutalov Shukhrat , Urinov Ulugbek
Published: October 2023

In the paper the results of synthesis of binary copolymers with different contents of monomer units by radical copolymerization of 1-chloro-3-piperidino-2-propylacrylate with acrylonitrile in organic solvent medium at 30-60°C in the presence of radical initiator using free-radical polymerization technique not up to high degrees of transformation by gravimetric method are given. Dinitrilazobisobisobutyric acid was used as the radical initiator. Water and dimethylformamide were used as solvent. Under these conditions in water the process proceeds heterogeneously, and in dimethylformamide homogeneously and with high speed. The synthesis rate of copolymers of 1-chloro-3-piperidino-2-propylacrylate with acrylonitrile in the studied solvents increases with increasing temperature. Experimental studies have shown that copolymerization does not proceed in the absence of the initiator and this indicates a radical nature of the reaction. The structure of synthesized compounds was confirmed by IR, NMR spectral analyses. The participation of multiple bonds of both monomers during copolymerization was determined. The composition of copolymers has been determined which indicates that the copolymer formed at early stages is enriched with 1-chloro-3-piperidino-2- propylacrylate units. The values of relative activities of monomers were calculated by Feinemann-Ross method. The found values of copolymerization constants 7:1=0.28, 7:2=0.62 and the value of product of copolymerization constants less than unity that both types of formed polymer radicals react much faster with foreign monomer than with their own.
Development of a sorbent based on chitosan and vermiculite for purification of textile wastewater
Authors: Ikhtiyarova Gulnora , Valeeva Nailya , Aripdzhanova Munira , Ayupova Mukhabbat , Usmanova Gulnoza
Published: October 2023

The study detailed in the article has led to the creation of a novel botanical adsorbent. This adsorbent is formulated using a combination of chitosan, which is sourced from Apis mellifera (honeybees), and vermiculite. The primary application of this adsorbent is targeted towards the treatment of wastewater generated by the textile industry. The article also presents a comparative analysis of two distinct procedures: one involving organovermiculite and the other involving vermiculite that has been modified using hydrochloric acid. The objective of this research is to explore the potential of this newly developed adsorbent as an effective solution for treating wastewater generated by the textile sector. The inclusion of chitosan derived from Apis mellifera enhances the adsorption capabilities of the material. Additionally, vermiculite, a naturally occurring mineral with adsorption properties, is incorporated to further augment the adsorbent’s efficiency. The article systematically compares two methodologies for preparing the adsorbent: one involves the utilization of organovermiculite, while the other involves the modification of vermiculite through treatment with hydrochloric acid. This comparison delves into the nuances of each approach, assessing their respective effectiveness and potential advantages for textile wastewater treatment. This study underscores the innovative strides being taken in the field of wastewater treatment, utilizing unique combinations of natural materials to address environmental challenges posed by industries like textiles. The development of this botanical adsorbent demonstrates a promising approach to tackling wastewater issues and promoting sustainable practices within the textile sector.
Study on the frequency of ultraviolet (UV) light reflectance and absorption in native and nonnative flowering plants
Authors: Turatbekova Aidai , Nazarova Odina , Khujaev Otabek , Ergashev Olimjon , Turapov Sunnatullo , Allenova Irina , Kuvvatova Nodira , Khudayberganov Erkaboy
Published: October 2023

In addition to the floral shape and colors seen by the human eye, ultraviolet (UV) reflectance serves as a significant visual advertisement for pollinators of many blooming plant species. The interaction between flowers and pollinators is significantly influenced by plant UV patterns. It is common knowledge that many flowers have vacuolated pigments that are UV-absorbing in their petal cells. Nevertheless, the impact of UV reflection and absorption on pollinators to particular plant species hasn't been properly investigated. In this paper, the degree and pattern of UV light reflection in flowers of 240 plant species from 55 families were examined. Four levels of UV absorption and reflection were used to rank the flowers. While white and green flowers often reflect UV weakly, yellow and violet flowers have the highest likelihood of doing so. In general, pollination aids were nonreflective and independent of hue. UV reflection seems to be positively connected with flower size even though it is unrelated to floral symmetry. UV reflection is certainly present in all plant families; however, it seems to be more prevalent in some taxonomic groups. UV reflection and absorption appear to be influenced by the physical features and chemical make-up of the petals, just like other floral petals.
The influence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the cultivation of Cynara Scolymus L. under salinity stress
Authors: Murodova S. , Sobirova M. , Kiryigitov X. , Halkuzieva M. , Kuvondikova D.
Published: October 2023

This article highlights laboratory and field experiments based on the results of treatment of Cynara scolymus L. with biologically active products. According to the obtained results, compared to the control variant in the field experiments, the highest result was 3.4% to 4.8% in 1:100 and 1:1000 ratios of “Elisitor”. Similar results were observed to increase 0.3%, 3.0% respectively in 1:1000 and 1:100 ratios of “Zamin-M” biopreparation. According to the analyzes carried out in laboratory conditions, the fertility indicator was found to be 95.0% in plants treated with the biopreparation “Elicitor”. This result was 6.0% higher than the control and 3.4% higher than the standard. Fertilization in plants inoculated with “Zamin-M” biopreparation was found to be 93.85%, it was increased by 4.85% compared to the control variant and by 2.25% compared to standard variant.
Study on the microcrystalline cellulose from medicinal plants
Authors: Khamdamova Dilnoza , Umarova Vasila , Primkulov Maxmut , Khusenov Arslon
Published: October 2023

This study employs nitric acid and alkaline hydrolysis methods to extract celluloses from the stems of various medicinal plants, including amaranth, milk thistle, tribulus, and consolida. Furthermore, the research takes a step further by synthesizing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from the cellulose extracted from these medicinal plants, employing deep hydrolysis utilizing a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The focus of the investigation extends to comprehending the structural and dimensional attributes of cellulose fibers sourced from milk thistle. This endeavor is aimed at gaining insights into the suspension characteristics of these fibers. Physicochemical attributes and structural characteristics of both cellulose and MCC are meticulously examined. The methods of analysis encompass optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These techniques are employed to unveil a comprehensive understanding of the properties and structures inherent in both cellulose and MCC, derived from the medicinal plant sources. Through this multifaceted approach, the research brings to light a comprehensive array of insights. These range from the extraction and synthesis processes to the structural attributes of cellulose and MCC. Such in-depth exploration forms the cornerstone of advancing the utilization of cellulose-based materials in diverse applications, with implications for fields ranging from medicine to materials science.
Experimental analysis of cotton distribution in a drying drum
Authors: Parpiev Azimjon , Akhmatov Nozimjon , Akhmatov Mamarasul
Published: October 2023

The moisture efficiency of foreign cotton drying equipment is limited, with only 3-4% improvement, and the cleaning efficiency for small impurities is not substantially higher, reaching only 10-15%. To address these challenges, researchers have explored alternative methods for cotton drying. One such approach involves the use of ceramics as a basis for effective cotton drying, which not only saves electric energy but also ensures high-quality drying. However, this method does not fully address the issue of cleaning the cotton from small impurities during the drying process. The aim is to improve the overall cotton processing efficiency in ginning enterprises, enhancing the quality of the final product and optimizing energy consumption during the drying phase.In this article, the results of experiments on cotton distribution and drying in the actual drying drum are analyzed, the same experiments are carried out on the basis of experiments in a special laboratory for the study of the distribution of cotton in the drying drum, the maximum use of the drop zone of the drum by improving the internal devices of the drum, ensuring that there are no empty zones of cotton in it. Also, the scientific results of placing drum shovels in one row at an angle of φ=5-10-150 with respect to the radius of the drum are presented.
Oxygen Consumption Plateauing: A Better Method of Achieving Optimum Perfusion
Authors: Mandl J.P. , Motley J. R.
Published: October 2023

A method of conducting perfusion, by which the patient’s oxygen consumption (V̇O2) is always being maximized, is presented. The endpoint of good perfusion is argued to occur when V̇O2 plateaus despite further increases in cardiac index, haemoglobin concentration, arterial oxygen delivery, or pharmacological intervention. Thus, this method quickly assesses the patient’s varying oxygen demands, reduces metabolic acidosis, and enhances oxygen distribution.

Determination of V̇O2 was done with in-line oxygen sensors (Critikon) and a handheld programmable calculator (Texas Instruments Model 59). No nomograms or tables are necessary and the time required is less than 80 seconds.

Exemplary cases demonstrate the value, cost effectiveness, and simplicity of the V̇O2 plateauing method. The dependence upon conventionally used perfusion parameters such as venous saturations, flows, pressures, and urinary output are refuted.
Long Term Tubing Fatigue Characteristics
Authors: Bretz George E. , Schermeyer Terry , Donnelly Ted
Published: October 2023

The four manufacturers of Polyvinyl chloride tubing were studied with the use of a conventional Travenol roller pump under long term conditions. The conventional roller pump creates spallation, fatigue, erosion, and destruction to Polyvinyl chloride tubing. This is evident with assist time-lapse photography, microscopic examination and observation. All brands are susceptible to fatigue characteristics. Each brand demonstrates forms of fatigue and durations.
Effects of Hemodilution on Red Blood Cell Fragility Index
Authors: Chan Richard , Caramante Louis
Published: October 2023

Twenty patients with coronary artery disease were selected at random to study the effects of hemodilution on red blood cell fragility index before undergoing extracorporeal circulation. The purpose of this study is to establish accurate base line values based on hematocrit ranges as a prelude to studying red blood cell trauma during extracorporeal circulation. For each patient studied, five separate samples were mixed with various amounts of lactated Ringers solution. The dilutions resulted in a separation of approximately 7 hematocrit between the five samples. The samples were then studied within four hours using the modified Dacie’s Method.1,2 Results of the studies show significant differences in RBC fragility values between the samples from 45 hematocrit to 15. A search of the literature dealing with blood trauma reveal no information relating to the significance of hemodilutions to red blood cell trauma. The authors believe that hemodilution is a major factor to consider in evaluating red blood cell trauma studies and a method of this type should be employed in doing so.
Kardiovaskuläre Effektivität und Sicherheit neuer Antidiabetika – Relevanz der Studiendaten für die deutsche Versorgungsrealität bezüglich Alters- und Risikostruktur
Authors: Klinge Andreas , Müller Ulrich A. , Mühlbauer Bernd
Published: October 2023

Eine evidenzbasierte ärztliche Versorgung beruht auf den Ergebnissen von interventionellen klinischen Prüfungen. Seit Bekanntwerden des negativen Nutzen-Risiko-Verhältnisses der Thiazolidindione bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus (DM-2) ist die Durchführung von Studien mit patientenrelevanten kardiovaskulären Endpunkten (CVOT) in Ergänzung zu den typischen Zulassungsstudien Standard geworden. In der Praxis stellt sich die Frage, ob die Rahmenbedingungen solcher CVOT die Versorgungsrealität abbilden, inwieweit also daraus abgeleitete therapeutische Empfehlungen auf den aktuellen Einzelfall mit DM-2 übertragbar sind.

Insbesondere Lebensalter und Komorbiditäten beeinflussen essenziell das individuelle kardiovaskuläre Risiko von DM-2-Patienten und damit das Ausmaß der zu erreichenden Unterschiede in CVOT. Daher wurden hinsichtlich dieser beiden Aspekte in der vorliegenden Arbeit die Patientenkollektive der aktuellen kardiovaskulären CVOT zu Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)-Analoga und SGLT2-Inhibitoren mit epidemiologischen Daten des deutschen DM-2 – Versorgungsalltags verglichen.

Hauptsächlich zeigten sich zwei relevante Ergebnisse. Bei den Patienten der CVOT bestand bei Studieneinschluss wesentlich häufiger eine kardiovaskuläre Erkrankung als in der epidemiologisch erfassten Gesamtpopulation der DM-2-Patienten in Deutschland (40–100 % vs. 18 %). Darüber hinaus waren die in die Studien eingeschlossenen Patienten deutlich jünger als die Patienten im hausärztlichen Versorgungsalltag (63,6 vs. 68,8 Jahre).

Als Schlussfolgerung ergibt sich, dass für einen relevanten Teil der in Deutschland in der Versorgungsebene 1 betreuten DM-2-Patienten die Endpunktergebnisse der CVOT zu antidiabetischen Wirkstoffen seit 2008 nicht ohne Einschränkung übertragbar sind. Für den vorrangigen Einsatz von SGLT2-Inhibitoren oder GLP1-Analoga besteht belastbare externe Evidenz derzeit nur für Patienten, die den Einschlusskriterien der Studien entsprechen. Dies sind Patienten bis etwa Mitte der 7. Lebensdekade mit bereits manifester kardiovaskulärer Erkrankung.
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence for Dosimetry of Radiopharmaceutical Therapies
Authors: Brosch-Lenz Julia Franziska , Delker Astrid , Schmidt Fabian , Tran-Gia Johannes
Published: October 2023

Routine clinical dosimetry along with radiopharmaceutical therapies is key for future treatment personalization. However, dosimetry is considered complex and time-consuming with various challenges amongst the required steps within the dosimetry workflow. The general workflow for image-based dosimetry consists of quantitative imaging, the segmentation of organs and tumors, fitting of the time-activity-curves, and the conversion to absorbed dose. This work reviews the potential and advantages of the use of artificial intelligence to improve speed and accuracy of every single step of the dosimetry workflow.
Bibliometric analysis of willingness to communicate in the English as a second language (ESL) context
Authors: Ma Huiling , Ismail Lilliati , Noordin Nooreen , Razali Abu Bakar
Published: October 2023

Willingness to communicate (WTC) is an individual’s predisposition to communicate with a person or persons at a specific time. Over the past century, there has been a dramatic increase in WTC research. This study aims to offer an overview of the existing literature regarding WTC from 1900 to 2022 and provide a bibliometric and visual analysis of the research status as well as the development trend of this research field. A total of 428 journal articles were retrieved for the purpose of conducting bibliometric research. The data for this study were collected from the Web of Science (WOS). The results established the development status of the field of WTC, the annual scientific production and growth rate, the thematic evolution and trend topic, co-citation, and coupling between authors, sources, and countries. The bibliometric analysis showed that: (1) In the past decades, research in WTC has continued to soar and annual publications can be divided into three stages, which are an initial stage, a slow development stage, and a rapid expansion stage. It has been discussed to a wider extent mainly within the fields of education and linguistics; (2) of the 38 countries that the articles were exported from, the United States topped the list with the most publications, and Canada received the most citations. China has the most inter-country collaboration compared to other countries, which is at the center of international cooperation. China’s main cooperation countries were Iran, Japan, Canada, and Australia. The top author in the WTC field with the most production and impact is MacIntyre, PD, while System was the most popular journal. (3) By means of keyword analysis, “second language” was the most frequent keyword, followed by “model” and then “attitude”. Based on the results of the thematic evolution analysis, the research themes for 2021 to 2022 are “model”, “competence”, “Chinese”, “abroad”, “teachers”. The findings may be beneficial to L2 teachers and learners better to understand the role of WTC in language study. Researchers in this field might find the study useful for finding new research directions, relevant sources, and opportunities for collaboration.
Unraveling the effects of a rehabilitation program on the socioeconomic wellbeing of beggars and begging motivation: evidence from an urban area of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Karimul , Nasrin Nishad , Naim Jannatul , Ela Mahfuza Zaman , Rahman Mohammad Mizanur , Alam Abu Syed Md. Monjur , Islam Md Nazrul , Hossain Md. Tanvir
Published: October 2023

Beggars have largely been leading miserable lives in the lower stratum of society since time immemorial. Government or private-led policies are rarely undertaken to improve the lives of this unfortunate societal segment. The local governments in divisional cities of Bangladesh have adopted a series of interventions aimed at improving the socioeconomic wellbeing of beggars and equipping them with alternative livelihood management options. We evaluated the effectiveness of this intervention (the rehabilitation of beggars) in the Khulna City Corporation (KCC) area, Bangladesh; we gathered a sample of 385 beggars by employing the non-equivalent group design and instrumental variable regression method. The results provide an interesting inference, showing that the rehabilitation program seemingly has no far-reaching significant impact on the socioeconomic wellbeing of the beggars. To be precise, the program provides evidence of no significant differences in earnings, expenditure, food security, or personal wellbeing between the beneficiary and the non-beneficiary group of beggars. In addition, the program fails to deter beggars from continuing to beg, as the result shows no significant association between taking part in the program and begging demotivation. Consequently, the beggars are continuing begging, which indicates a critical policy failure on the part of both government and implementation bodies. Therefore, the study implicitly recommends on-track monitoring and timely evaluation of such interventions so that immediate action can be taken beforehand to empower beggars and move them up the social ladder both socially and economically.
Dialogic scientific gatherings with mothers and teachers from a primary school: raising awareness about the impact of gender and education research
Authors: Ruiz-Eugenio Laura , Munte-Pascual Ariadna , Khalfaoui Andrea , Serradell Olga
Published: October 2023

Social science unveils new ways of engaging communities in science. However, it has not yet been analysed how dialogic scientific gatherings (DSGs), a community science action, involve communities to benefit from the research on two sustainable development goals: quality education and gender equality. Within the framework of the EU H2020-funded project “ALLINTERACT Widening and diversifying citizen engagement in science” (Flecha and ALLINTERACT Consortium, 2020), the DSGs on evidence in preventing violence and gender violence through education have been replicated to engage a group of 10 mothers from a low-middle socioeconomic background whose children attend the same neighbourhood school and two teachers. The participants’ perception of the DSGs’ replicability has been studied through focus groups. The first one was a pretest FG aimed at collecting the previous perceptions of the participants about their awareness of the scientific research benefits and impact and their previous engagement in science. The second round was a posttest FG after participating in the DSGs, which consisted of 11 sessions in which participants selected scientific articles to read and discuss together. The posttest FG explores changes in participants’ perception regarding the topics discussed in the first round and analyses how the replicability of the DSGs aimed at community participation in science developed. The main findings show that after participating in the DSGs, participants reported more awareness related to scientific research benefits and impact, increased involvement in science, greater understanding of the social impact of scientific evidence in preventing violence and gender violence through education, and more engagement in social issues for the improvement of their community. The implications for the replicability of DSGs as community science action are as follows: 1) The topics to be read must be based on the participants’ interests, and 2) the dialogical functioning criteria must be ensured.
Red eyes in juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) from Fiji
Authors: Glaus Kerstin , Genter Franziska , Brunnschweiler Juerg M.
Published: October 2023

The bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) is an apex predator with a wide distribution in tropical and warm temperate waters. This species is known to utilise freshwater systems and estuaries as nursery grounds. During a wider bull shark tagging survey in the Rewa River, Fiji, in 2017 and 2018, 27 neonate bull sharks with red eye pupils were recorded. This opportunistic observation prompted an examination of water quality parameters in the Rewa River to collect preliminary data on the potential cause of pollution. Water samples were analysed for faecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli), ammonia, total nitrogen, and various metals. Results indicated high levels of E. coli contamination, as well as elevated ammonia and total nitrogen concentrations. However, due to the limited sample size and the likelihood of additional underlying causes, a definitive causal relationship could not be established. Hence, this finding stands as an opportunistic observation, detailed here for documentation and stimulation of discourse.
WEPP interrill erodibility for clay soils in the crop lands of Northern NSW and Southern Queensland, Australia
Authors: Mark Silburn D. , Bosomworth Bronwyn
Published: October 2023

Context Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) soil erosion model parameters are rare for cultivated cropping soils in Australia. Aims Measure WEPP interrill erodibility (Ki) for cropping soils. Methods Plots were 50% side-slopes of row-crop furrows. Rainfall was applied for 30 min at 107 mm h−1 under a rainfall simulator, then at higher and lower rainfall intensities for 10 or 6 min. Several of these rainfall sequences were performed with drying between (events). Runoff, sediment concentrations and sediment sizes in runoff and the soil surface after rain and sediment settling velocities were measured. Soils were well-aggregated Vertosols and a Dermosol: clay 31–69%, silt ~20%. Settling velocities and undispersed particle size distributions for rainfall wet soil are provided for a range of soils in Supplemental Data, for use by WEPP users. Key results Runoff during 30 min and 54 mm of rain was 28–44 mm or 50–86% rainfall. Soil losses were 26–61 t ha−1 and sediment concentrations 67–127 g L−1. Infiltration, runoff, sediment concentration and soil losses were sometimes different for soils and events. Gatton and Emerald soils had lower soil losses and Cecilvale, Mywybilla and Narrabri soils had higher soil losses. Conclusions Mean Ki for Emerald and Gatton soils were significantly lower, 2 960 000 and 3 209 600 kg.s m−4, respectively. Ki values were not significantly different for the Cecilvale, Narrabri and Mywybilla soils, 3 900 000 kg.s m−4. Implications WEPP Ki values were like values found for USA cropping on clay soils. Sizes in the soil surface and sediment, and settling velocity distributions, were similar between soils but sediment sizes were finer.
Mechanical tomography of an archaeal lemon-shaped virus reveals membrane-like fluidity of the capsid and liquid nucleoprotein cargo
Authors: Cantero Miguel , Cvirkaite-Krupovic Virginija , Krupovic Mart , de Pablo Pedro J.
Published: October 2023

Archaeal lemon-shaped viruses have unique helical capsids composed of highly hydrophobic protein strands which can slide past each other resulting in remarkable morphological reorganization. Here, using atomic force microscopy, we explore the biomechanical properties of the lemon-shaped virions of Sulfolobus monocaudavirus 1 (SMV1), a double-stranded DNA virus which infects hyperthermophilic (~80 °C) and acidophilic (pH ~ 2) archaea. Our results reveal that SMV1 virions are extremely soft and withstand repeated extensive deformations, reaching remarkable strains of 80% during multiple cycles of consecutive mechanical assaults, yet showing scarce traces of disruption. SMV1 virions can reversibly collapse wall-to-wall, reducing their volume by ~90%. Beyond revealing the exceptional malleability of the SMV1 protein shell, our data also suggest a fluid-like nucleoprotein cargo which can flow inside the capsid, resisting and accommodating mechanical deformations without further alteration. Our experiments suggest a packing fraction of the virus core to be as low as 11%, with the amount of the accessory proteins almost four times exceeding that of the viral genome. Our findings indicate that SMV1 protein capsid displays biomechanical properties of lipid membranes, which is not found among protein capsids of other viruses. The remarkable malleability and fluidity of the SMV1 virions are likely necessary for the structural transformations during the infection and adaptation to extreme environmental conditions.
First-principles study of gas molecule adsorption on Ga-doped silicene
Authors: Li Jinyu , Zhao Chunlei , Li Wei , Ren Qingying , Xu Jie , Xu Wei
Published: October 2023

In this paper, based on first-principles calculations, the geometric structure and electronic properties of intrinsic silicene and metal element Ga doped silicene were studied, and three harmful gases CO, SO2 and NH3 gas molecules and H2O molecules were analyzed in two adsorption properties on the surface of two material. For each gas molecule, the optimal adsorption site was tried and determined, and parameters such as adsorption distance, adsorption energy, transfer charge, recovery time, and density of states were calculated to understand the adsorption mechanism. It was found that the adsorption capacity of the selected gas molecules on intrinsic silicene was weak except for NH3. While Ga doped silicene is a relatively stable structure, the adsorption energies of CO, SO2 and NH3 gas molecules on its surface increase in different degrees, the adsorption energies are −0.51 eV, −0.82 eV and −0.73 eV, but no adsorption to H2O. The results show that the doping of Ga atoms improves the adsorption performance of silicene materials, and is less affected by the humidity in the air in practical applications, which provides a theoretical reference for the gas-sensing properties of Ga doped silicene materials.
Temperature-dependent photoluminescence of lead-free cesium tin halide perovskite microplates
Authors: Tan 谭 Jiayu 佳雨 , Zhou 周 Yixuan 译玄 , Lu 卢 De 德 , Feng 冯 Xukun 旭坤 , Liu 刘 Yuqi 玉琪 , Zhang 张 Mengen 蒙恩 , Lu 卢 Fangzhengyi 方正一 , Huang 黄 Yuanyuan 媛媛 , Xu 徐 Xinlong 新龙
Published: October 2023

Tin halide perovskites recently have attracted extensive research attention due to their similar electronic and band structures but non-toxicity compared with their lead analogues. In this work, we prepare high-quality CsSnX
3 (X = Br, I) microplates with lateral sizes of around 1–4 μm by chemical vapor deposition and investigate their low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) properties. A remarkable splitting of PL peaks of the CsSnBr3 microplate is observed at low temperatures. Besides the possible structural phase transition at below 70 K, the multi-peak fittings using Gauss functions and the power-dependent saturation phenomenon suggest that the PL could also be influenced by the conversion from the emission of bound excitons into free excitons. With the increase of temperature, the peak position shows a blueshift tendency for CsSnI3, which is governed by thermal expansion. However, the peak position of the CsSnBr3 microplate exhibits a transition from redshift to blueshift at ∼160 K. The full width at half maximum of CsSnX
3 broadens with increasing temperature, and the fitting results imply that longitudinal optical phonons dominate the electron–phonon coupling and the coupling strength is much more robust in CsSnBr3 than in CsSnI3. The PL intensity of CsSnX
3 microplates is suppressed due to the enhanced non-radiative relaxation and exciton dissociation competing with radiative recombination. According to the Arrhenius law, the exciton binding energy of CsSnBr3 is ∼38.4 meV, slightly smaller than that of CsSnI3.
Automatic type Identification of Sub - Axial Vertebral Column Fractures using Deep learning Technique
Authors: Sindhura D N , Pai Radhika M , Bhat Shyamasunder N , Manohara Pai M M
Published: October 2023

Traumas like falls, sports injuries, or vehicle accidents are the main causes of Vertebral Column Fracture(VCFs) or spine fracture. The symptoms of VCF include back pain, swelling, numbness, and height decrease. VCF causes extreme pain, paralysis, difficulty in movement, etc. CT scans are inexpensive and effective in providing precise and quick VCF type detection. The determination of type VCF, however subject to inter-observer variability. To address this limitation this work introduces an automatic system for the detection of VCF type based on an ensemble of deep fine tuned models. This can assist the orthopaedicians in type identification of VCF which decreases the image interpretation time and increases the patient care time. For type identification, a total of two fine-tuned CNN architectures are used. Then, to further enhance the type identification performance, we developed an ensemble model of fine tuned VGG16 and ResNet50 deep learning models, which average the outputs of the models during final prediction. We used a dataset of 2820 CT images from eight different VCF types that were collected from Kasturba Medical college, Manipal Academy of Higher education, Manipal. The results shows that the ensemble model performs well compare to individual fine-tuned models with accuracy of 82%, precision of 0.84, recall of 0.82 and F1-score of 0.81 for VCF type identification from CT scans. This study shows that type identification of VCF in CT scans may be successfully accomplished using an ensemble deep transfer learning system with various fine tuned CNN architectures.
Study and analysis on detection, classification, and prediction of cardiac arrhythmia using soft computing tool
Authors: Pratima A , GopalaKrishna K , Prasad S N
Published: October 2023

Cardiac Arrhythmia (CA) is a disorder of heartbeat or rhythm, that happens when the electrical signals that synchronize the heartbeats do not function properly. The Electro Cardio Gram (ECG) is the electrical realization of the expanding and contracting action of the heart and can be registered easily with the electrodes placed near the chest. Hence, due to the complexity of analyzing the huge number of signals in ECG records, it has become one of the major challenges to cardiologists to make early and accurate diagnoses and prognoses. Therefore, there is an essential need for accurate automatic arrhythmia classification. According to the records of the World Health Organization (WHO), 4.5 million CA patients are reporting alone in the United States. Therefore, it is stated as one of the most common reasons for death worldwide and it is very essential to the early diagnosis and prevention of CA. Hence, this research article mainly focuses to analyse the various methods used for the classification, early diagnosis, and prevention of CA. This research presents the overview of a few research articles suggesting different methods based on various fields like IOT, Machine Learning (ML) approaches, Deep Learning (DL) approaches, and so on for the automatic detection of Cardiac Arrhythmia. The literature work mainly focuses on various early Detection, prediction, and classification techniques for CA. The research gaps were also analyzed from these papers and elaborated for further research work which can be helpful for society.
Attention based Peephole LSTM model for Soybean crop yield prediction
Authors: Shanmuga Priya S , Adwait Dathan R
Published: October 2023

In the agricultural domain, crop yield prediction is one of the most challenging tasks as the predicted yield depends on the input features such as the genomic type of crop, soil, and weather conditions that are taken into consideration. With the advent of precision agriculture, a lot of sensors have been used to measure different parameters related to the crop, which has brought in more challenges for feature selection. In this research work, an attention-based peephole LSTM model was designed to predict the yield of the Soybean crop in the US Corn Belt. The Attention block is designed to automatically learn the important features from the training data, while the Peephole LSTMs predict the yield of the crop using the weighted temporal features coming from the attention block. While comparing the generalized and site-specific modeling approaches in the nine states of corn belt with the same architecture, it was observed that on average the RMSE score of site-specific models were less than the generalized model by 1.31 bushels per hectare, making the site-specific approach a better option for yield prediction. Unmasking the black box property of the proposed architecture revealed that the model gave more weightage to precipitation and less weightage to vapor pressure.
Design of Efficient Multiply-Accumulate Unit for Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Sajjan Akash C , Gadhave Suyash , Ratnakumar Rahul
Published: October 2023

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are used in a range of machine learning tasks, such as voice, image, and video processing. As the demand for faster response times in real-time applications grows, the need for high-speed implementation of CNNs is becoming more significant. However, the convolutional layer of CNNs is computationally demanding, leading to higher delays. Therefore, this study seeks to design an efficient and fast convolution block for the hardware implementation of the CNN algorithm. The proposed solution uses a Bit-Level Multiplier and Accumulator (BLMAC) unit that incorporates a modified Booth Encoder and Wallace Reduction Tree to achieve time optimization. The BLMAC, a key component of the convolution process, is optimized for speed. The area occupied by this architecture is 2761.517μm2, the power consumed is 121.4μW, and the delay is 9.11ns. Hence the proposed architecture is extremely power efficient and other parameters like area and delay have not been sacrificed to achieve this result. The proposed BLMAC architecture is designed using Verilog. The testbench for the code was verified and simulated in Cadence NCSIM. The synthesis is done in the Genus tool offered by Cadence.
Study of Nonlinearities in FSO Communication System: A Detailed Review
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Sharma Pulkit
Published: October 2023

In the world of today where growing demand for a fast, reliable and secured communication system for the growing population of the world is in dire need, the Free Space Optics (FSO) provides a very good alternative to the conventional RF communication. When compared in terms of free space communication it is better than RF communications in some aspects. Also in regard to optical mode of communication, it is superior to fiber optics when it comes to surpassing the geographical installation related issues and being the “last mile” solution to the impeding problem of providing access of communication link to remote areas across the world. FSO also offers a good access for local operation usage in civil and military areas. Considering such wide usage and promising future applications of FSO technology, this paper brings out various challenges presently faced in the usage of FSO communication system. In the present paper study of non linearities faced and a brief discussion regarding possible mitigation techniques has been carried out.
Electron structure and phonon dynamics of LiNbRhAl quaternary Heusler compound
Authors: Suktel Lokanksha , Saini Sapan Mohan
Published: October 2023

Li based quaternary Heusler compounds, having 18 valence electrons show significant applications in different fields i.e., spintronics, thermoelectric and photo voltaic etc. We report the structural stability, electronic property and dynamical stability of LiNbRhAl compound, (Li based QH alloy) via volume optimization and phonon dynamics. Calculations have been performed using Generalized Gradient Approximation based on Density Functional Theory. LiNbRhAl compound crystallizes in LiMgPdSn – type crystal structure having three types of atomic arrangements. We found atomic arrangement of type-3 is energetically most stable. Self-consistence band structure calculations show that valence band (VB) lie from – 4 eV to the Fermi level (EF), whereas conduction band (CB) span up to 2 eV above the EF. Our DOS plots show that Rh-4d states mainly contribute in valence band (VB), while Nb-4d states dominate in both VB and CB bands near EF and open an indirect band gap of 0.177 eV. Presence of positive frequencies in phonon dispersion curve shows that the above-mentioned compound is dynamically stable.
Long Lasting Persistent Photo-Luminescence Properties of EuxM1-xMgAl10O17(M = Ba, Ca, Sr, Zn) Phosphors
Authors: Verma Akshkumar , Bisen DP , Brahme N , Sahu Ishwar Prasad , Barik Priya
Published: October 2023

In this work, the EuxM1-xMgAl10O17[M = Ba, Ca. Sr, Zn, and x = 0.05)] phosphors were prepared through a combustion route technique. The complexing reagents namely urea (fuels) were used to synthesis for EuxBa1-xMgAl10O17 (BAM: Eu), EuxCa1-xMgAl10O17 (CAM: Eu), EuxSr1-xMgAl10O17 (SAM:Eu), and EuxZn1-xMgAl10O17 (ZAM:Eu) phosphors. The crystallinity of the synthesized compound, elemental analysis and surface morphology were measured using the PXRD FE-SEM, and FTIR spectroscopy respectability. The average crystallite size () of BAM: Eu, CAM:Eu, SAM: Eu, and ZAM: Eu were found 80, 30, 29, and 26 nm respectively. The photoluminescence emission spectra of phosphor were found broadband by the monitoring using common excitation (350 nm) and emission (450 nm). The CIE-1931 color- coordinates were calculated for each sample in the blue region. The overall PL emission was found near the blue [BAM: Eu, SAM: Eu, and ZAM: Eu ] and blue-red [CAM:Eu] regions with high quantum efficiency and high color purity. Long-lasting PL decay was also recorded of samples with respect to all samples BAM:Eu was calculated from 0.46 to more than 40 min. Therefore, the BAM: Eu and other synthesized phosphors would be used as a blue-emitting phosphor in widely varying fields of lightings.
Background Constraints on Dark Energy Models
Authors: Mishra Shruti , Singh Dr. Avinash
Published: October 2023

Due to the gravitational attraction of all the matter in the universe, the expansion rate of the cosmos has changed over time, decreasing (decelerating) in past, and more recently speeding up (accelerating). The hypothesis that the Universe is expanding quickly and is spatially nearing its limit now has a lot of cosmological evidence to back it up (assuming the density is at least somewhat time-independent). The majority of cosmologists believe that “dark energy” is to blame for the accelerated cosmological expansion that has been witnessed. The cosmological constant, an additional constant to the Einstein field equation, can be used to explain why the universe is expanding faster than before. The ΛCDM model is the simplest and most common model in use. Besides this, there are also dark energy models like the Barotropic fluid model, canonical scalar field model, and non-canonical scalar field model. We analyse the background constraints on dark energy models using current cosmological data available. We also present the comparison between dark energy models using Bayesian statistics.
Design and development of an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle for surface coalmines surveillance
Authors: Kumar Aayush , Abhigyan  , Khanduri Ansh , Jain P K
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a detailed investigation into the development of a specialized unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for practical applications in coal mining. The main focus is on enhancing surveillance capabilities, identifying potential hazards, and supporting various coal mine activities. This study initiates with the careful design of a quadcopter, taking into account essential parameters such as VTOL, maneuverability, and hover efficiency. The quadcopter model is meticulously developed to ensure smooth operation under ideal conditions. The design process involves utilizing SolidWorks software to create a robust and optimized quadcopter model. Additionally, the static deformation simulation of the quadcopter is conducted using Ansys software, providing valuable insights into its structural integrity and performance. Dynamic modelling using the Bond Graph Method enables a thorough understanding of the quadcopter’s behavior and informs propulsion system selection. The chosen propulsion system prioritizes maximizing thrust-to-weight ratio to about 2:1, achieving the factor of safety of approximately 4, and ensuring maneuverability. The use of eCalc, an online open-source software, assists in identifying the ideal motor-propeller combination for optimal thrust characteristics. Surveillance and mapping techniques are explored in detail. A step-by-step methodology is proposed for image identification, while mapping is achieved through image stitching and path planning using waypoints. Additionally, volume estimation and vulnerability assessment methods specific to coal mining are discussed.