bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation of drug block of the cardiac potassium channel KCNA5 by the drug transporters OCTN1 and MDR1
Authors: Yang Tao , McBride Brian F , Leake Brenda F , Kim Richard B , Roden Dan M
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEA common site for drug binding on voltage‐gated ion channels is at the interior face of the channel pore. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the extent of drug block of the human cardiac KCNA5 (Kv1.5) channel underlying the atrial‐specific, ultra‐rapidly activating, delayed K+current (IKur) is modulated by the drug uptake and efflux transporters encoded by organic cation transporter 1 (OCTN1) and multiple drug‐resistant gene 1 (MDR1) and expressed in human heart.

EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHDrug block of KCNA5 was assessed in Chinese hamster ovary cells transiently transfected with KCNA5 alone or in combination with the OCTN1 or MDR1 transporter construct, as well as in an MDR1 stably expressed cell line.

KEY RESUTLSCo‐expression of OCTN1 significantly facilitated block by quinidine (10 µM), verapamil (20 µM), propafenone (5 µM) and clofilium (30 µM). Further evidence of drug transport modulating drug block was the finding that with OCTN1, block developed faster and only partially washed‐out, and that block potentiation was prevented by cimetidine, an inhibitor of OCTN1. MDR1 expression attenuated KCNA5 block by erythromycin (an MDR1 substrate). Block was restored by reversin‐205 (10 µM, an MDR1 inhibitor). MDR1 did not affect KCNA5 inhibition by KN‐93 (1 µM), a blocker acting on the outer mouth of the channel pore.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSThe extent of drug block of KCNA5 can be modulated by drug uptake and efflux transporters. These data provide further support for the idea that modifying intracellular drug concentrations could modulate the effects of blocking ion channels in patients.
Dependence of reaction kinetics on H2O activity as inferred from rates of intergranular diffusion of aluminium
Authors: CARLSON W. D.
Published: June 2010

Quantitative constraints on the accelerative effects of H2O on the kinetics of metamorphic reactions arise from a comparison of rates of intergranular diffusion of Al in natural systems that are fluid‐saturated, hydrous but fluid‐undersaturated, and nearly anhydrous. Widths of symplectitic reaction coronas around partially resorbed garnet crystals in the contact aureole of the Makhavinekh Lake Pluton, northern Labrador, combined with time–temperature histories from conductive thermal models, yield intergranular diffusivities for Al from ∼700–900 °C under nearly anhydrous conditions. Those rates, when extrapolated down temperature, are approximately three orders of magnitude slower than rates derived from re‐analysis of garnet resorption coronas formed under hydrous but fluid‐undersaturated conditions near 575 °C in rocks of the Llano Uplift of central Texas, which are in turn approximately four orders of magnitude slower than rates at comparable temperatures derived from numerical simulations of prograde garnet growth in fluid‐saturated conditions in rocks from the Picuris Range of north‐central New Mexico. Thus, even at constant temperature, rates of intergranular diffusion of Al – and corresponding length scales and timescales of metamorphic reaction and equilibration – may vary by as much as seven orders of magnitude across the range of H2O activities found in nature.
Cognitive outcome of parietooccipital resection in children with epilepsy
Authors: Lippé Sarah , Bulteau Christine , Dorfmuller Georg , Audren François , Delalande Olivier , Jambaqué Isabelle
Published: June 2010

Purpose:  We followed the neuropsychological development of five children who underwent unilateral neurosurgery of the occipitoparietal lobes as a treatment for epilepsy caused by a developmental lesion (cortical dysplasia).

Methods:  The follow‐up period ranged from 3–7 years postsurgery.

Results:  Two participants had a verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) >100 and three had a verbal IQ between 65 and 80. All five children had abnormal nonverbal IQ and exhibited deficits related to visual attention, object recognition, and praxis. Nevertheless, our results suggest that brain plasticity after parietooccipital epilepsy surgery in young children allows for a schooling level of cognitive skills such as reading and arithmetic.

Discussion:  Although recovery for visual perceptual cognition was more limited than for verbal functions, long‐term neuropsychological outcomes showed that early surgery for epilepsy offers the possibility of optimizing cognitive outcomes in children with posterior intractable epilepsies.
Reduction in potassium concentration of stored red blood cell units using a resin filter
Authors: Yamada Chisa , Heitmiller Eugenie S. , Ness Paul M. , King Karen E.
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND: Hyperkalemia is a serious complication of rapid and massive blood transfusion due to high plasma potassium (K) in stored red blood cell (RBC) units. A potassium adsorption filter (PAF) was developed in Japan to remove K by exchanging with sodium (Na). We performed an in vitro evaluation of its efficacy and feasibility of use.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Three AS‐3 RBC units were filtered by each PAF using gravity; 10 PAFs were tested. Blood group, age, flow rate, and irradiation status were recorded. Total volume, K, Na, Cl, Mg, total Ca (tCa), RBC count, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and plasma Hb were measured before and after filtering each unit. Ionized Ca (iCa), pH, and glucose were measured for some units.

RESULTS: After filtration, the mean decrease in K was 97.5% in the first RBC unit, 91.2% in the second unit, and 64.4% in the third unit. The mean increases in Na, Mg, and tCa were 33.0, 151.4, and 116.1%, respectively. iCa and pH remained low; glucose was unchanged. RBC count, Hb, and Hct decreased slightly after filtration of first units; plasma Hb was unchanged. After filtration, there was no visual evidence of increased hemolysis or clot formation.

CONCLUSION: The PAF decreased K concentration in stored AS‐3 RBC units to minimal levels in the first and second RBC units. Optimally, one filter could be used for 2 RBC units. Although Na increased, the level may not be clinically significant. PAF may be useful for at‐risk patients receiving older units or blood that has been stored after gamma irradiation.
Delayed recovery after autologous peripheral hematopoietic cell transplantation: potential effect of a high number of total nucleated cells in the graft
Authors: Trébéden‐Negre Hélène , Rosenzwajg Michelle , Tanguy Marie‐Laure , Lefrere François , Azar Nabih , Heshmati Farhad , Belhocine Ramdane , Vernant Jean‐Paul , Klatzmann David , Norol Françoise
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND: Some patients demonstrate delayed recoveries after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation despite infusion of an adequate number of CD34+ cells/kg and clinically stable status. Factors considered being possible predictors of this outcome in this context were explored.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 246 patients were evaluated in terms of engraftment. Delayed recovery was defined by white blood cell recovery time exceeding mean + 1 SEM. Clinical factors and graft characteristics were examined. Comparisons between patients with normal or delayed engraftment were made. Proinflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzyme quantification and CXCR4+ and CD44+ cell enumeration were performed on peripheral hematopoietic stem cells (PHSC) product samples of patients with delayed engraftment and patients with usual engraftment time.

RESULTS: Sixteen patients, who received at least 3 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg without known clinical factors likely to affect engraftment, demonstrated a delayed recovery time of over 20 days. Some graft variables were found to be significantly increased in these patients by univariate analysis. One variable was the total number of nucleated cells cryopreserved and infused. Among the nucleated cells, the absolute number of granulocytes before and after cryopreservation also differed significantly between the two groups. A multivariate analysis showed that the main predictive factor for delayed recovery was the number of nucleated cells in the graft (p = 0.0044). The influence of contaminating cells might be related to the release of elastase, matrix metalloproteinase‐9, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐6 involved in stem cell homing.

CONCLUSION: Therefore, the numeration of total nucleated cells and granulocytes should be considered as a possible quality control variable of PHSCs submitted for cryopreservation.
Long‐Term Outcome in Asymptomatic Patients with Severe Aortic Regurgitation, Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, and Severe Left Ventricular Dilatation
Authors: Enache Roxana , Antonini‐Canterin Francesco , Piazza Rita , Popescu Bogdan A. , Leiballi Elisa , Marinigh Ricarda , Andriani Cristina , Pecoraro Rosa , Ginghina Carmen , Nicolosi Gian Luigi
Published: June 2010

Background: Although the guidelines consider severe left ventricular (LV) dilatation a class IIaC indication for surgery in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and normal LV function, the optimal management remains controversial. We aimed to assess the LV enlargement, hypertrophy and function, and the outcomes in these patients by the presence of severe LV dilatation at baseline. Methods: From our 20‐year database, we identified all asymptomatic patients with severe AR and LV ejection fraction (EF) >50% and ≥2 echocardiograms ≥1 year apart. LV end‐diastolic diameter >70 mm or LV end‐systolic diameter >50 mm or LV end‐systolic diameter index >25 mm/m2 defined severe LV dilatation. A composite end point included onset of symptoms or LV dysfunction. Results: Eighty‐four patients (52 ± 18 years, 61 men) were enrolled and followed‐up for 7.1 ± 5.1 years. Two groups were defined: 22 patients with and 62 patients without severe LV dilatation at baseline. The progression of LV dilatation and hypertrophy, and the LVEF at last exam were similar in both groups. Twelve of 22 and 34 of 62 patients (P = 0.59) reached the end point. Vasodilators did not modify the progression of LV enlargement/hypertrophy. Ten of 22 and 25 of 62 patients (P = 0.45) underwent surgery and had similar postoperative LV diameters, mass, EF. Conclusions: The progression of LV enlargement/hypertrophy and outcomes in asymptomatic patients with severe AR, normal LV function, and severe LV dilatation or the postoperative LV parameters were not influenced by the severe LV dilatation, suggesting that a close follow‐up could delay surgery in this population. (Echocardiography 2010;27:915‐922)
Atypical Presentation of Postpartum Cerebral Angiopathy Shown as a Small Penetrating Arterial Territory Infarct with Severe Peri‐Infarct Edema
Authors: Cho A‐Hyun , Lim Sung Chul , Kim Beum Saeng , Yang Dong Won , Shon Young‐Min
Published: June 2010

Postpartum cerebral angiopathy mostly occurs in the large or medium‐sized cerebral arteries. In this case, we aimed to report a case of postpartum cerebral angiopathy presented as an asymmetrical penetrating arterial territory infarct with severe surrounding vasogenic edema. A 26‐year‐old woman admitted because of sudden headache after an attack of seizure. On initial computerized tomography (CT), hypodense lesion in the right basal ganglia was observed. The diffusion‐weighted image on 5th day revealed focal acute ischemic infarction with surrounding extensive vasogenic edema in right basal ganglia. The CT angiography showed multifocal arterial narrowing of intracranial cerebral arteries that completely resolved on the follow‐up study. This case suggested that asymmetrical small penetrating arterial territory infarct can occur as an atypical presentation of postpartum cerebral angiopathy.
Voxel‐Based Morphometry and Voxel‐Based Relaxometry in Parkinsonian Variant of Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Tzarouchi Loukia C. , Astrakas Loukas G. , Konitsiotis Spyridon , Tsouli Sofia , Margariti Persefoni , Zikou Anastasia , Argyropoulou Maria I.
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder divided into a parkinsonian (MSA‐P) and a cerebellar variant. The purpose of this study was to assess regional brain atrophy and iron content using Voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and Voxel‐based relaxometry (VBR) respectively, in MSA‐P.

METHODS

Using biological parametric mapping the effect of brain atrophy was evaluated in T2 relaxation time (T2) measurements by applying analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and correlation analysis to the VBM and VBR data. Eleven patients with MSA‐P (aged 61.9 ± 11.7 years, disease duration 5.42 ± 2.5 years) and 11 controls were studied.

RESULTS

In comparison to the controls the patients showed decreased gray matter in the putamen, the caudate nuclei, the thalami, the anterior cerebellar lobes, and the cerebral cortex, and white matter atrophy in the pons, midbrain, and peduncles. VBR analysis showed prolonged T2 in various cortical regions. On ANCOVA, when controlling for gray and white matter volume, these regions of prolonged T2 were shrunk. Negative correlation was demonstrated between T2 and gray and white matter volume.

CONCLUSIONS

Diffuse brain atrophy, mainly in the motor circuitry is observed in MSA‐P. Normalization for atrophy should always be performed in T2 measurements.
Intra‐arterial Administration of Microbubbles and Continuous 2‐MHz Ultrasound Insonation to Enhance Intra‐arterial Thrombolysis
Authors: Ribo Marc , Molina Carlos A. , Alvarez Beatriz , Rubiera Marta , Alvarez‐Sabin Jose , Matas Manel
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND

Microbubbles (MB) and ultrasound have been shown to enhance thrombolysis. We sought to evaluate safety and efficacy on middle cerebral artery (MCA) recanalization of local MB administration during intra‐arterial (IA) thrombolysis and continuous transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring.

METHODS

Patients with acute M1‐MCA occlusion were treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (iv‐tPA) and continuously monitored with TCD. If recanalization was not achieved during first‐hour bridging IA‐rescue was adopted: MB + tPA direct intraclot microcatheter infusion. TCD flow monitoring allowed continuous insonation at clot location. Recanalization was angiographically assessed (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction [TICI] score) and compared with simultaneous TCD data. IA procedures were stopped at 6 hours. Recanalization was reassessed at 12 hours (TCD). Neurological status was repeatedly assessed (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]). At three months, patients were considered independent if mRS ≤ 2.

RESULTS

Of the 18 included patients (mean age 72), 16 received standard iv‐tPA (.9 mg/kg). Nine patients were recanalized during tPA infusion and 9 patients underwent IA‐rescue procedures. Median pre‐IA NIHSS score: 20. Median time to IA initiation was 175 ± 63 minutes. Mean IA doses were tPA = 10 ± 3 mg and MB = 3 ± 1 mL. TCD monitoring allowed direct visualization of massive MB arrival during every administration. In‐procedure recanalization was observed in 78% (n= 7): complete‐TICI3 in 22% (n= 2), partial‐TICI2 in 56% (n= 5). Perfect correlation was observed between TICI and TCD scores. At 12 hours complete recanalization increased to 56%, partial to 22%. One patient (11%) experienced symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage accounting for the only death. Median NIHSS evolution was 12 at 24 hours and 10 at discharge. At 3 months 4 patients (44%) were independent.

CONCLUSION

The combination of ultrasound and IA MB and tPA may be a strategy to enhance the thrombolytic effect and increase recanalization rates.
Cerebral Atrophy in Cerebrovascular Disorders
Authors: Jouvent Eric , Viswanathan Anand , Chabriat Hugues
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Various neurological disorders have been shown to accelerate the natural course of brain volume loss during normal aging. Recent data suggest that brain atrophy is prominent in various cerebrovascular disorders. Studies of the effects of different cerebrovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers and of the effects of various vascular risk factors on the cerebral volume have been analyzed.

SUMMARY OF REVIEW

A significant association between white matter hyperintensities and cerebral atrophy has been reported in population‐based studies. However, these results remain controversial since they have not yet been confirmed in longitudinal studies. The association between lacunar infarctions and cerebral atrophy was only rarely investigated. This was also true for cerebral microbleeds. In contrast, different data suggest that brain atrophy is associated with elevated blood pressure values or hyperglycemia, independent of the occurrence of extension of visible MRI markers of vascular lesions.

CONCLUSION

Additional studies are needed to determine the exact impact of vascular risk factors or other cerebrovascular lesions seen on MRI on the course of cerebral atrophy. In the future, new MRI markers may help to better delineate the role of focal tissue lesions from that of diffuse effects of vascular risk factors on the cerebral atrophy process.
Comparison of Diffusion Tensor‐Based Tractography and Quantified Brain Atrophy for Analyzing Demyelination and Axonal Loss in MS
Authors: Fink Frauke , Klein Jan , Lanz Michael , Mitrovics Tibor , Lentschig Markus , Hahn Horst K. , Hildebrandt Helmut
Published: June 2010

We combined diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures of the corpus callosum (CC) and the superior longitudinal fascicle (SLF) with calculation of brain atrophy in 53 patients with relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and 15 healthy controls, to analyze their interrelation and their correlation with disease duration and clinical impairment. The lateral ventricle volume in MS patients was increased; the fractional anisotropy in the CC was decreased as was the fiber volume. Perpendicular (in the literature also referred to as radial) diffusivity (ped), which reflects the diffusion perpendicular to the long axis of the axons within the fiber bundle, was increased in the SLF and the posterior CC, but contrary to our predictions, parallel (also called axial) diffusivity (pad) that refers to the amount of diffusion in the direction of the axon was increased, too. Brain atrophy and DTI‐derived parameters were highly intercorrelated and both correlated with disease duration. Discriminant analysis showed that DTI‐derived atrophy measures are superior to brain atrophy measures in classifying patients and controls. In light of our results, animal studies focusing on demyelination and axonal loss are reinterpreted.
Pseudo‐Guillain‐Barre Syndrome Due to “Whippet”‐Induced Myeloneuropathy
Authors: Tatum William O. , Bui Daniel D. , Grant Edmund G. , Murtagh Ryan
Published: June 2010

Guillain‐Barre syndrome (GBS) is the rubric encompassing highly variable phenotypic subgroups of acute, postinfectious, immune‐mediated peripheral neuropathy. The hallmark of GBS phenomenology is a rapidly progressive ascending lower extremity weakness. GBS taxonomy includes a motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN). Nitrous oxide (NO) abuse may create a pattern of neurological dysfunction almost identical to subacute combined degeneration. We report an adult with myeloneuropathy due to NO abuse that mimicked the presenting features of the GBS‐subtype AMSAN.
Intraaneurysmal Neuroform Stent Implantation with Compartmental Dual Microcatheter Coil Embolization: Technical Case Report
Authors: Gordhan Ajeet D.
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

A complex middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm failed surgical clipping. The aneurysm morphology was characterized by a broad neck with incorporated diminutive branch vasculature and mural calcification. To preserve flow within incorporated branch vessels, coil embolization with intraaneurysmal Neuroform stent implantation was achieved with a novel technique.

METHODS AND RESULTS

A 52‐year‐old female presented with an unruptured complex configuration right MCA bifurcation aneurysm. Endovascular coil embolization with intraaneurysmal stent deployment and compartmental dual microcatheter placement was performed a month after failed surgical clipping. Successful occlusion of the aneurysm with coil packing within and external to the stent was achieved with preservation of flow to the branch vessels.

CONCLUSIONS

Neuroform stent implantation within the aneurysm lumen and subsequent dual catheter coil embolization of the compartments external and internal to the stent is useful for successful occlusion of complex configuration cerebral aneurysms with incorporated branch vasculature.
Remote touch prey‐detection by Madagascar crested ibises Lophotibis cristata urschi
Authors: Cunningham Susan J. , Castro Isabel , Jensen Thomas , Potter Murray A.
Published: June 2010

Birds that forage by probing must often rely on sensory systems other than vision to detect their buried prey. Such senses may include hearing (e.g. Australian magpies (Atramidae), American robins (Turdidae)) or chemical senses/olfaction (e.g. kiwi (Apterygidae) and some shorebirds (Scolopacidae)). Probe foraging kiwi and shorebirds are also able to use vibrotactile cues to locate prey buried in the substrate at some distance from their bill‐tips (‘remote touch’). These birds possess an organ consisting of a honey‐comb of sensory pits in bone of the bill‐tips, packed with mechanoreceptive nerve ending (Herbst corpuscles). Such a bill‐tip organ has recently also been described in ibises (Threskiornithinae), but its function not elucidated. We designed a foraging experiment presenting mealworm prey to three captive Madagascar crested ibises Lophotibis cristata urschi under a variety of trial conditions to discover whether they were using remote touch, mediated by their bill‐tip organ; chemosense/olfaction; or hearing to locate buried prey. The ibises were reliant on remote touch for prey detection – the first time this sensory system has been demonstrated for this group of birds. They did not appear to use hearing or chemical senses/olfaction to aid in prey detection.
Mandibular implant‐supported overdentures and oral function
Authors: Van Der Bilt Andries , Burgers M. , Van Kampen F.M.C. , Cune M.S.
Published: June 2010

Objectives: Oral rehabilitation by means of implant‐retained mandibular overdentures is known to improve oral function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term effects of mandibular implant treatment on oral function. We quantified maximum bite force and masticatory performance 10 years after implant treatment. It was hypothesized that these outcome measures would not change in this period.

Materials and methods: Eighteen edentulous patients were scheduled for re‐evaluation of their oral function 10 years after they had participated in a randomized cross‐over clinical trial. In that trial, they had received two mandibular implants and a new denture with successively magnet‐, ball‐socket, and bar‐clip attachments.

Results: At the 10‐year follow‐up, 14 of the initial 18 patients participated in the evaluation. As a result of the implant treatment, the average maximum bite force more than doubled, from 162 to 341 N, whereas the average number of chewing cycles to halve the initial partcle size decreased from 55 to 27 cycles. No significant changes in maximum bite force and masticatory performance were observed after 10 years. However, the average maximum bite force obtained with implant‐retained overdentures is still significantly lower than that of dentate subjects (569 N).

Conclusion: Maximum bite force and masticatory performance significantly increased after implant treatment and remained unaltered during the following 10‐year period. Thus, implant treatment greatly improves oral function for a long period of time.

To cite this article:
 van der Bilt A, Burgers M, van Kampen FMC, Cune MS. Mandibular implant‐supported overdentures and oral function. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 1209–1213. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.01915.x
Injury risk factors in junior tennis players: a prospective 2‐year study
Authors: Hjelm N. , Werner S. , Renstrom P.
Published: June 2010

The aim was to investigate injury risk factors in junior tennis players. Fifty‐five players, 35 boys and 20 girls, answered a questionnaire about training habits, time of exposure, previous injuries and equipment factors. A battery of clinical tests and functional performance tests were also carried out. All tennis‐related injuries that occurred during a 2‐year period were identified and recorded. An injury was defined as an injury if it was impossible to participate in regular tennis training or playing matches during at least one occasion, a time loss injury. Potential injury risk factors were tested in a forward stepwise logistic regression model for injury. Thirty‐nine players sustained totally 100 new and recurrent injuries. Injuries to the lower extremity were the most common ones (51%) followed by the upper extremity (24%) and the trunk (24%). Injured players performed more singles per week (P<0.0001) and played more tennis hours per year (P=0.016) than the uninjured players. Playing tennis more than 6 h/week was found to be a risk factor for back pain. A previous injury regardless of location was identified as an injury risk factor, and a previous injury to the back was a risk factor for back pain.
MMP‐13 expression in keratocyst odontogenic tumour associated with NBCCS and sporadic keratocysts
Authors: Leonardi R , Matthews JB , Caltabiano R , Greco M , Lombardo C , Loreto C , Santarelli A , Lo Muzio L
Published: June 2010

Oral Diseases (2010) 16, 795–800

Objective:  To investigate the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐13 expression in associated and non‐nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) Odontogenic Keratocysts (OCKs) in order to contribute to a better understanding of the differences in the growth pattern between them.

Materials and methods:  Thirty‐nine paraffin‐embedded blocks of OCKs, 26 sporadic OCKs and 11 NBCCS‐associated KCOTs were studied by immunohistochemistry to evaluate MMP‐13 expression both in epithelial and stromal layers. A semi‐quantitative scale was used to evaluate immunostaining. Obtained data were compared between the two groups, using Fischer’s exact test and the chi‐square test.

Results:  Only 13 of 26 sporadic OCKs showed a positive immunostaining, whilst 11 KCOTs resulted in positive labelling for MMP‐13 expression. Moreover, syndromic cysts displayed a more intense and diffuse MMP‐13 labelling of the stromal tissue. Instead, in non‐syndromic forms, the staining pattern of MMP‐13 in stromal tissue was completely absent. Fisher's exact test showed a statistically significant greater prevalence of KCOTs‐immunolabelled cysts with respect to sporadic OCKs.

Conclusions:  Results from this study point out that the biological behaviour of these cysts could be related not only to the epithelial layer but also to stromal tissue in that... MMP‐13 overexpression in stromal tissue of NBCCS‐associated KCOTs could clarify the higher aggressiveness of these cysts.
Bladder catheter–induced obstructive bilateral hydroureteronephrosis in a newborn
Authors: Allegaert Karel , Smet Marleen , Debeer Anne , Breysem Luc
Published: June 2010

We describe a dynamic, bladder catheter–related obstructive bilateral hydroureteronephrosis in a newborn documented during ultrasound. The normal findings at foetal ultrasound and the absence of muscular hypertrophy of the bladder hereby served as indicators of the iatrogenic nature of the initial abnormal ultrasound findings.

Conclusion:  A Foley bladder catheter can induce obstructive bilateral hydroureteronephrosis in newborns.
Docking of Protein Kinase B Inhibitors: Implications in the Structure‐Based Optimization of a Novel Scaffold
Authors: Hernández‐Campos Alicia , Velázquez‐Martínez Israel , Castillo Rafael , López‐Vallejo Fabian , Jia Ping , Yu Yongping , Giulianotti Marc A. , Medina‐Franco Jose L.
Published: June 2010

Protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) is an attractive therapeutic target in anticancer drug development. We have recently identified by docking‐based virtual screening a low micromolar AKT‐2 inhibitor. Additionally, the virtual screening hit represents a novel AKT‐2 inhibitor scaffold. In this work, we discuss a structure‐based design strategy toward the optimization of this hit. Following this strategy and using a herein validated docking protocol, we conducted the design of novel compounds with expected improved activity over the parent compound. The newly designed molecules have high predicted affinity for AKT‐2; are synthetically accessible and are contained within the kinase‐relevant property space.
Selection Bias in Web Surveys
Authors: Bethlehem Jelke
Published: June 2010

At first sight, web surveys seem to be an interesting and attractive means of data collection. They provide simple, cheap, and fast access to a large group of potential respondents. However, web surveys are not without methodological problems. Specific groups in the populations are under‐represented because they have less access to Internet. Furthermore, recruitment of respondents is often based on self‐selection. Both under‐coverage and self‐selection may lead to biased estimates. This paper describes these methodological problems. It also explores the effect of various correction techniques (adjustment weighting and use of reference surveys). This all leads to the question whether properly design web surveys can be used for data collection. The paper attempts to answer this question. It concludes that under‐coverage problems may solve itself in the future, but that self‐selection leads to unreliable survey outcomes.
Respect and the Family
Authors: Hendrick Susan S. , Hendrick Clyde , Logue Erin M.
Published: June 2010

Respect is an important construct that plays a major role in interpersonal relations at the dyadic, family, and group levels. We review the multiple definitions of respect and build a model of respect. On the basis of general developmental family theory, we discuss respect in dyadic romantic relationships and in the family. Cultural aspects of respect are presented, and the article concludes with a proposed agenda for future research on respect in the family.
Corrigendum: ‘On certain algebraic curves related to polynomial maps, Compositio Math. 103 (1996), 319–350’
Authors: Morton Patrick
Published: June 2010

An argument is given to fill a gap in a proof in the author’s articleOn certain algebraic curves related to polynomial maps, Compositio Math. 103(1996), 319–350, that the polynomial Φn(x,c), whose roots are the periodic points of periodnof a certain polynomial mapx→f(x,c), is absolutely irreducible over the finite field of pelements, provided thatf(x,1) has distinct roots and that the multipliers of the orbits of periodnare also distinct over$\mathbb { F}_p$. Assuming that Φn(x,c) is reducible in characteristic p, we show that Hensel’s lemma and Laurent series expansions of the roots can be used to obtain a factorization of Φn(x,c) in characteristic 0, contradicting the absolute irreducibility of this polynomial over the rational field.
Sfrp5 Is an Anti-Inflammatory Adipokine That Modulates Metabolic Dysfunction in Obesity
Authors: Ouchi Noriyuki , Higuchi Akiko , Ohashi Koji , Oshima Yuichi , Gokce Noyan , Shibata Rei , Akasaki Yuichi , Shimono Akihiko , Walsh Kenneth
Published: June 2010

Fat's Mixed Messages

Certain metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, are more prone to arise in obese individuals, a link that has been attributed, in part, to the detrimental activities of adipokines—proteins secreted by fat cells. Most adipokines disrupt glucose homeostasis by promoting inflammation and insulin resistance.

Ouchi
et al.

(p.
454
, published online 17 June; see the Perspective by

Oh and Olefsky

) identify a new adipokine, secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (Sfrp5), which has the opposite effect: It is anti-inflammatory and appears to promote metabolic health. In obese mice, Sfrp5 suppresses the activation of key inflammatory cells (macrophages) residing within adipose tissue by inhibiting the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. Further study of this Sfrp5-JNK1 regulatory axis in fat may offer therapeutic opportunities for obesity-linked metabolic disorders.
Clinical Efficacy of Combination of Rifampin and Streptomycin for Treatment ofMycobacterium ulceransDisease
Authors: Sarfo Fred Stephen , Phillips Richard , Asiedu Kingsley , Ampadu Edwin , Bobi Nana , Adentwe E. , Lartey Awuli , Tetteh Ishmael , Wansbrough-Jones M.
Published: June 2010

We have evaluated the clinical efficacy of the combination of oral rifampin at 10 mg/kg of body weight and intramuscular streptomycin at 15 mg/kg for 8 weeks (RS8), as recommended by the WHO, in 160 PCR-confirmed cases ofMycobacterium ulceransdisease. In 152 patients (95%) with all forms of disease from early nodules to large ulcers, with or without edema, the lesions healed without recourse to surgery. Eight patients whose ulcers were healing poorly had skin grafting after completion of antibiotics. There were no recurrences among 158 patients reviewed at the 1-year follow-up. The times to complete healing ranged from 2 to 48 weeks, according to the type and size of the lesion, but the average rate of healing (rate of reduction in ulcer diameter) varied widely. Thirteen subjects had positive cultures forM. ulceransduring or after treatment, but all the lesions healed without further antibiotic treatment. Adverse events were rare. These results confirm the efficacy of RS8 delivered in a community setting.
Role of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases A and B of
Enterococcus faecalis
in Oxidative Stress and Virulence
Authors: Zhao Chen , Hartke Axel , La Sorda Marilena , Posteraro Brunella , Laplace Jean-Marie , Auffray Yanick , Sanguinetti Maurizio
Published: June 2010

Methionine sulfoxide reductases A and B are antioxidant repair enzymes that reduce the
S
- and
R
-diastereomers of methionine sulfoxides back to methionine, respectively.
Enterococcus faecalis
, an important nosocomial pathogen, has one
msrA
gene and one
msrB
gene situated in different parts of the chromosome. Promoters have been mapped and mutants have been constructed in two
E. faecalis
strains (strains JH2-2 and V583) and characterized. For both backgrounds, the mutants are more sensitive than the wild-type parents to exposure to H
2
O
2
, and in combination the mutations seem to be additive. The virulence of the mutants has been analyzed in four different models. Survival of the mutants inside mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with recombinant gamma interferon plus lipopolysaccharide but not in naïve phagocytes is significantly affected. The
msrA
mutant is attenuated in the
Galleria mellonella
insect model. Deficiency in either Msr enzyme reduced the level of virulence in a systemic and urinary tract infection model. Virulence was reconstituted in the complemented strains. The combined results show that Msr repair enzymes are important for the oxidative stress response, macrophage survival, and persistent infection with
E. faecalis.
Biotransformation of some steroids by Aspergillus terreus MRC 200365
Authors: Yildirim Kudret , Uzuner Ahmet , Gulcuoglu Emine Yasemin
Published: June 2010

The biotransformations of testosterone, epiandrosterone, progesterone and pregnenolone byAspergillus terreusMRC 200365 for five days were described. The biotransformation of testosterone afforded testolactone. The biotransformation of epiandrosterone afforded 3β-hydroxy-17a-oxa-D-homo-5α-androstan-17-one. The biotransformation of progesterone afforded androst-4-ene-3,17-dione and testolactone. The biotransformation of pregnenolone afforded 3β-hydroxy-17a-oxa-D-homoandrost-5-en-17-one and testolactone.
Aerobic fitness and obesity: relationship to cerebral white matter integrity in the brain of active and sedentary older adults
Authors: Marks BL , Katz LM , Styner M , Smith JK
Published: June 2010

Objective

Aerobic fitness (VO2peak) and obesity risk (OR) may impact brain health. This study examined hemispheric and segment specific relationships between VO2peak, OR and cerebral white-matter (CWM) integrity in the cingulum brain region in healthy older adults.

Methods

Fifteen subjects (66±6 years) completed VO2peak testing and MRI of the brain. OR was determined via body mass index (BMI) and abdominal girth. MRI analysis was performed with a structural 3D T1 MP-Rage and diffusion tensor imaging technique (DTI, 21 directions, repeated four times) on a 3.0 T MR imaging unit. CWM integrity indices, fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), were computed from the tensors. The anterior, middle and posterior cingulum segments were analysed on both sides of the brain. Partial correlations (age and gender controlled) and standard multiple regressions were used to determine significant associations and unique contributions to CWM integrity.

Results

VO2peak was moderately related to FA in the left middle cingulum segment (r partial=0.573, p=0.041) and explained 28.5% of FA's total variance (p=0.10). Abdominal girth (r partial=−0.764, p=0.002) and BMI (r partial=−0.690, p=0.009) were inversely related to FA in the right posterior cingulum (RPC) segment. Abdominal girth and BMI uniquely explained 53.9% of FA's total variance (p=0.012) and 43.9% (p=0.040), respectively, in the RPC.

Conclusion

Higher aerobic fitness and lower obesity risk are related to greater CWM integrity but not in the same cingulum segments.
The ethics behind medical conferences: a view from India
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Sharma Alka
Published: June 2010

Medical conferences are organised by professional bodies with a view to providing an opportunity of continuing medical education and improving the practices of medical professionals. Of late these events have degenerated into entertainment extravaganzas and no longer remain pure academic exercises. This article discusses the possible reasons behind the current state of decay and mechanisms to improve the state of affairs.
Anatomy and ultrastructure of the endophytic system of Pilostyles thurberi (Rafflesiaceae)
Authors: Kuijt Job , Bray D. , Olson A. R.
Published: June 2010

The endophytic system of Pilostyles thurberi Gray consists of initially uniseriate filaments which develop into an anastomosing complex of larger cortical strands and radial sinkers. In the cortical strands three cell types are recognized, two of which differ largely in the density of the cytoplasm, the shape of the nucleus, and the degree to which the cytoplasm becomes plasmolyzed during fixation. The nuclei of both cell types contain two nucleoli which are physically connected by a nucleolar bridge. The third cell type demonstrates sieve plates, including a calloselike substance in the sieve pores and is consequently considered to be a sieve element. The sieve elements appear to form a discontinuous system and are regarded as a vestigial cell type. Plasmodesmal connections across the host–parasite interface have not been observed.
A preliminary investigation of primary production and decomposition in four peatlands near Schefferville, Québec
Authors: Bartsch I. , Moore T. R.
Published: June 2010

Total aboveground plant production in four mires near Schefferville, northern Québec, was estimated at 114 to 335 g m−2 year−1, with sedges (Carex spp.) making the greatest contribution. The litter-bag technique was used to determine the mass loss from decomposing tissue over 1 year and losses ranged from 6.4 to 26.6%, of which approximately 65% occurred during the winter months. Nutrient releases from decomposing litter are slow, generally proceeding in the sequence K > Mg > Ca > N, P. Tissue quality (nutrient, cellulose, and lignin content) appears to exercise a greater influence on decay rates than do environmental parameters (pH and temperature).
Enumeration, location, and characterization of endophytic bacteria within sugar beet roots
Authors: Jacobs Mark J. , Bugbee William M. , Gabrielson David A.
Published: June 2010

An increased bacterial population was found in the secondary root emergence zone tissue of sugar beet roots as compared with core and peripheral tissue of the same beet. The most common bacteria in sugar beet tissue were isolated, characterized, and used to immunize New Zealand white rabbits for antibody production. The bacteria-specific immunoglobulins from the rabbit sera were incubated with sugar beet tissue. These antibody-treated tissues were then incubated with ferritin-labeled goat antirabbit immunoglobulin to assist in identifying immunoglobulin-bound bacteria within tissue samples. This procedure was useful in distinguishing bacteria from artifacts and normal cell inclusions. The location of these antibody-bound bacteria within sugar beet root tissue was identified by using scanning electron microscopy.
Chromosomal and flavonoid chemical confirmation of intergeneric hybridization between Tolmiea and Tellima (Saxifragaceae)
Authors: Soltis Douglas E. , Bohm Bruce A.
Published: June 2010

Two putative intergeneric hybrids between Tolmiea menziesii and Tellima grandiflora were discovered in Oregon and Washington. These plants are morphologically intermediate in several floral features between the presumed parental taxa. Evidence from flavonoid chemistry and karyology support the contention that these plants are of intergeneric hybrid origin. Cytological studies demonstrated that the hybrid plant from Oregon has 2n = 14 and involves diploid (2n = 14) Tolmiea menziesii and Tellima grandiflora. The hybrid plant from Washington has 2n = 21 and has tetraploid T. menziesii (2n = 28) and diploid T. grandiflora as parents. Tolmiea menziesii and Tellima grandiflora have distinctive karyotypes and both hybrid plants were found to combine these chromosomal complements. The hybrids also combine the flavonoid constituents of Tolmiea and Tellima. In addition to exhibiting kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin glycosides found in both species, the hybrid plants have kaempferol and quercetin glycoside gallates characteristic of Tellima grandiflora, and isorhamnetin glycosides found in Tolmiea menziesii.
Shoot organization in the seagrass Halophila (Hydrocharitaceae)
Authors: Posluszny U. , Tomlinson P. B.
Published: June 2010

The seagrass Halophila is characterized by a constant organization of its horizontal axes (rhizomes) and variation in the organization of differentiated lateral axes (erect shoots) that have diagnostic value. The lateral axis is shown to have positional and organizational homology. Branching throughout is precocious and always occurs above the insertion of the youngest appendage as a terminal bifurcation. It may be described as monopodial because the lateral axis is distinct from the parent (rhizome) axis in producing foliage leaves. Subdivision of the genus is based on the organization of the erect shoot and position of flowers, as indicated in a synoptic key. Terminal buds of the rhizome are distinguished by the large number of appendages that may be enclosed in the enveloping pair of scales, with up to eight visible branch orders. Despite this high degree of preformation and apparent continuous growth, there is some overall control of meristem development such that only a minority of apices are activated. Key words: Halophila, Hydrocharitaceae, seagrass, marine, branching, shoot.
A comparative ultrastructural study of endophytic basidiomycetes in the parasitic achlorophyllous hepatic Cryptothallus mirabilis and the closely allied photosynthetic species Aneura pinguis (Metzgeriales)
Authors: Ligrone Roberto , Pocock Keith , Duckett Jeffrey G.
Published: June 2010

This ultrastructural study of two closely related liverworts with contrasting modes of nutrition reveals very similar interactions with endophytic dikaryotic basidiomycetes. In both hepatics, collected from a variety of sites, the fungus is confined to specific regions of the gametophyte thallus, and hyphal contact with the substratum is via the rhizoids. The colonization cycle comprises a growth phase when the fungus forms large intracellular coils, host cytoplasm proliferates and the starch content of the plastids decreases, followed by senescence when the hyphae die back and aggregate into large masses. Repeated colonization cycles are frequent. Young hyphae contain abundant glycogen and sometimes amyloid deposits in Cryptothallus. In terms of dolipore substructure, hyphal dimensions, highly characteristic multilayered walls, absence of clamp connections, and the mode of hyphal degeneration, the endophyte in Cryptothallus is virtually identical to that in Aneura from alpine sites but very different from the fungus in Aneura from sand dunes and a chalk pit. It is suggested that Cryptothallus evolved from an Aneura-like ancestor through association with a fungal saprophyte of waterlogged peaty soils. Differences in dolipore morphology in the ectomycorrhizal fungus of Betula roots growing in association with Cryptothallus indicate that these two hosts do not share the same fungus. Remarkable similarities between the fungal associations in Cryptothallus and Aneura and orchidaceous mycorrhizae include the same colonization cycle, absence of polyphosphate granules, and separation of the host plasma membrane from thin-walled, exclusively intracellular hyphae by a prominent interfacial matrix. Key words: basidiomycetes, dolipores, liverworts, mycorrhiza, symbiosis, ultrastructure.
THE HELIOS SPECTROMETER AND THE RADIOACTIVE BEAM PROGRAM AT ARGONNE
Authors:   for HELIOS Collaboration, BACK B. B. , Antler N. , BACK B. B. , Baker S. , Hoffman C. R. , Clark J. A. , Deibel C. M. , DiGiovine B. J. , Freeman S. J. , Goodman N. J. , Grelewicz Z. , Heimsath S. , Kay B. P. , Lee H. Y. , Lister C. J. , Marley S.T. , Mueller P. , Pardo R. , Rehm K. E. , Rohrer J. , Schiffer J. P. , Snyder J. , Syrion M. , Lighthall J. C. , Vann A. , Winkelbauer J. R. , Woodard A. , Shetty D. , Wuosmaa A. H.
Published: June 2010

The near-term radioactive beam capabilities of ATLAS include radioactive beams produced in flight in a gas cell, or starting in the fall of 2009, re-accelerated beams of 252 Cf fission fragments provided by the new CARIBU injector. The availability of such exotic beams will allow for detailed studies of the single-particle aspects of nuclear structure in neutron-rich nuclei reaching out to the astrophysical r-process path by employing light-ion reactions in inverse kinematics. The HELIOS spectrometer is based on a new concept that is especially well suited for such studies. This concept was recently demonstrated using the reactions D (28 Si , p )29 Si with a (stable) 168 MeV 28 Si beam. Since then D (12 B , p )13 B , D (17 O , p )18 O , and D (15 C , p )16 C have been studied successfully. The combination of neutron-rich beams from CARIBU and the HELIOS spectrometer opens a fertile research area of precision studies of the single particle strengths and collective excitations in exotic nuclei, and is likely to have applications in other reactions as well.
ω AND η (η') MESONS FROM NN AND ND COLLISIONS AT INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES
Authors: KAPTARI L. P. , KÄMPFER B.
Published: June 2010

The production of pseudo scalar, η, η′, and vector, ω, ρ, ϕ, mesons in NN collisions at threshold-near energies is analyzed within a covariant effective meson-nucleon theory. It is shown that a good description of cross sections and angular distributions, for vector meson production, can be accomplished by considering meson and nucleon currents only, while for pseudo scalar production an inclusion of nucleon resonances is needed. The di-electron production from subsequent Dalitz decay of the produced mesons, η′ → γγ* → γe+e- and ω → πγ* → πe+e- is also considered and numerical results are presented for intermediate energies and kinematics of possible experiments with HADES, CLAS and KEK-PS. We argue that the transition form factor ω → γ*π as well as η′ → γ*γ can be defined in a fairly model independent way and the feasibility of an experimental access to transition form factors is discussed.