bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Approach of Virtual Enterprising Through Knowledge Management Techniques
Authors: Chen Yuh-Min , Liao Chia-Ching , Prasad Biren
Published: March 2007

Virtual enterprising is viewed as one of the most promising business strategies for manufacturing industries to meet global competition The essence of virtual enterprising is to integrate the processes, activities, and resources from different enterprises through enterprise alliance and thereby quickly respond to customer expectations The management and sharing of knowledge across enter pnses is the basis for virtual enterprising. A development of a knowledge management and sharing system involves not only the tech nologies of communication, information, collaborative workflow and software engineering but also managing the characteristics and pro cesses of a satellite set of allied-enterprises. The development of an effective knowledge management system is still a technical challenge for virtual enterprising. In this context, information and data shanng are considered parts of a knowledge management (KM) function

This paper presents a systematic approach to the development of a prototype knowledge management (KM) system that is able to support the intricacies of virtual enterprising. The prototype KM system development is done in two parts. The first part focuses on the characterization, definition, and modeling of virtual enterprises. The second part concentrates on design and modeling of an information sharing system. The output of the second part is a knowledge management (KM) system A prototype version of KM is developed in this case to test the underlying two-part approach proposed here. The proposed approach is however, quite general and is directed towards realizing most of the concepts of virtual enterprise, and thus achieving the goals of virtual enterprising
Evaluating Success Factors to Implement CE Using AHP in Hong Kong Electronics and Plastic Products Industries
Authors: Rao Tummala V.M. , Chin K.S. , Ho S.H.
Published: March 2007

This paper examines and evaluates success factors to develop strategies for implementing concurrent engineering (CE) in Hong Kong electronics and plastic products industries. The success factors, benefits, and costs of CE implementation are considered, and a model based on the AHP methodology is formulated to assess their relative priorities. The results from the electronics and plastic products industries are compared. The data from both industries are pooled and the relative importance of success factors for the combined indus tries is determined. The same model is also used to determine the benefit/cost ratios and to decide whether or not to implement CE in these selected Hong Kong manufacturing industries.
Family Counseling in the Schools: A Graduate Course
Authors: Terry Linda L.
Published: March 2007

The literature describes a wide array of projects and approaches for applying family systems theory and practice in school settings. However, to date, no articles describe coursework to prepare students for this work. This article describes a one semester-unit course, entitled “Family Counseling in the Schools” to complement other training in family systems counseling for students interested in family-school intervention. The article links literature on changes in the cultures of the social institutions of schools, families, and family counseling with the systemic conceptual framework that underpins the course. The description of the course focuses on (a) objectives, (b) content and learning process activities, (c) homework assignments, and (d) student responses to the course.
Childhood Loneliness: Implications and Intervention Considerations for Family Therapists
Authors: Solomon Stacey M.
Published: March 2007

Childhood loneliness may be an enduring condition of emotional distress that is often overlooked or misunderstood. In this article, the relationship between a lonely child’s early family experiences and subsequent peer interactions is explored. Interventions aimed at addressing childhood loneliness within the family and school are offered.
The Genogram: From Diagnostics to Mutual Collaboration
Authors: Balaguer Adriana , Mary Dunn , Levitt Michael
Published: March 2007

In this article, the authors present the need for the integration of mutual client-therapist collaboration into the process of genogram construction and demonstrate through case examples from their own practice how such integration enhances the therapeutic power of the genogram. The authors also suggest possible changes in the training of marriage and family therapists in order for such integration to become more easily incorporated, especially by beginning-level therapists. The collaborative genogram is consistent with postmodern principles and recaptures Bowen’s idea of mutual discovery in therapy.
Sexuality Counseling in Counselor Preparation Programs
Authors: Humphrey Keren M.
Published: March 2007

This article describes a sexuality counseling course designed for a master’s level counselor preparation program. Course content and process underscores material helpful to counselor preparation programs considering the addition of a sexuality counseling course to their curriculum. Print and video resources are identified to facilitate the acquisition of human sexuality knowledge.
Ethical Considerations in the Use of Technology for Marriage and Family Counselors
Authors: Baltimore Michael L.
Published: March 2007

Given increases in the use of technology in all levels of counseling, family counselors have to become aware of the ethical considerations for infusing technology in their training and practice methods. Standards for Internet counseling practice, supervision practice, and the training of family counselors have not kept pace with the advances in technology. An overview of several ethical standards involving technology is given. Failure to identify problematic issues related to technology use may result in an increase in ethical complaints.
Multiple Relationships in Rural Counseling
Authors: Erickson Sharon H.
Published: March 2007

Counselors have a long history of problems with multiple relationships with clients. This is particularly true in rural communities, where populations are small and cultural norms encourage people to seek help from people they know and trust. This article discusses the inherent problems in having another relationship with a client, ways in which to apply ethics to decide whether to engage in counseling when another relationship exists, and safeguards to keep in place if a multiple relationship is determined to be in the client’s best interest.
The Sexual Performance Perfection Industry and the Medicalization of Male Sexuality
Authors: Bass Barry A.
Published: March 2007

Proponents of new medical technology and pharmacology have succeeded in convincing ever-growing numbers of individuals of the necessity of treating men with sexual dysfunction from a purely medical perspective. This article presents arguments for the deleterious effects of this medicalization of male sexuality. It is asserted that endorsement of what the author has labeled the sexual performance perfection industry paradigm obscures the more insidious and pervasive social and psychological causes of sexual distress.
Strangers in a Strange Land: Counseling a Single-Parent Mexican Family
Authors: Kaufman Barbara A.
Published: March 2007

Efforts to organize diverse and often competing family therapy approaches point to a variety of ideas about clinical practice. Myriad conceptual viewpoints reveal how sensitivity to multiculturalfactors is consistent with recent contextual and relational emphases. A detailed case study illustrates the advantages of drawingfrom an interactionist and constructivist orientation.
Introduction
Authors: Fontes Lisa Aronson
Published: March 2007

Collaborative approaches emphasizing individual constructions of reality, local and sociopolitical narratives, and a curious therapist stance have been growing in popularity in the mariage and family therapy field. This article examines Anderson's (1995) Collaborative Language Systems approach in terns of its ability to help same-sex couples negotiate the negative effects of social marginalization. The article drawsfrom the limited number of empirical studies on same-sex couples, as well as the literature on individual homosexual development (e.g., adaptiveness of "coming out") and personal observation. It is assumed that discrimination and marginalization make the development of positive couple identity and emotional-social couple support difficult for same-sex couples. Case examples representing various presenting problems and levels of positive same-sex couple identity and emotional-social support illustrate the strengths and limitations of a collaborative, constructionistfamily therapy approach. Suggestions are offered to increase therapist sensitivity around lesbian and gay couple issues.
Family Strengths
Authors: Giblin Paul
Published: March 2007

This research review highlights the need for an expanded awareness of family strengths. Areas considered include past research, applications to ethnicfamilies, adult resiliency, remamiagefamilies, measurement concerns, and implications for clinicians.
Sexual Interaction in Nonclinical Couples
Authors: Woody Jane D. , D'Souza Henry J.
Published: March 2007

This article reports on the sexualfunctioning and interaction of 58 nonclinical heterosexual couples as measured by the Sexual Interaction System Scale (SISS). The extent of sexual dysfunction in normal females was considerably lower than two estimates from previous studies, whereas the percentage of male dysfunctions fell between the earlier estimates. On allfive SISSfactors, the nonclinical sample scored significantly better than persons in therapy for sexual dysfunction. The partners also reported satisfactory relationship adjustment as measured by the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and a high level of sexual satisfaction, both of which strongly correlated with sexual interaction. Demographic and lifestyle variables, except female health, were not associated with the quality of sexual interaction. Females had lower scores on sexualfunctioning, nonsexual interaction, interaction coordination, and total SISS than their male partners, but no gender differences were found in sexual satisfaction and relationship adjustment. Discussion focuses on implications forfuture research and clinical practice.
Traumatic Brain Injured Families: Therapeutic Considerations
Authors: Christensen Teresa M. , Skaggs Jobie L. , Kleist David M.
Published: March 2007

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an acquired injury to the head that results in long-tenn and often pennanent physical and emotional disturbances. The purpose of this review is to inform couple and family counselors of the often catastrophic impact of TBI on families. Six research articles containing implicationsfor both therapists and researchers working with TBIfamilies have been reviewed. Specific topics include recovery, effects on marital relationships, role changes, families' needs, predictors of families' functioning and change, and a clinical and research tool.
Using the Genogram to Teach Systems Thinking
Authors: Pistole M. Carole
Published: March 2007

This article describes graduate students'personal genograms as an exercise to facilitate training in systems thinking. Discussion covers the objectives, the assignment, evaluation of students' work, evaluation of the exercise, and concluding comments.
A Divergent Look at Adoption: Implications for Family Counselors
Authors: Kleist David M.
Published: March 2007

Adoption has significantly added to the landscape ofpossiblefamily forms. Despite general support for adoption by the public and its continued occurrence, adoption research has recently been described as falling short of meeting 30-year-old challenges to broaden the research base on adoption (Barth, 1994). Herein are described recent research efforts on adoption and implicationsforfamily counselor practice.
Analysis of Responses to Vocational Interest Items: A Study of Australian High School Students
Authors: Athanasou James A.
Published: March 2007

The vocational interests of 2,709 male and female high school students in Australia were examined using a Rasch model of item responding. The present study used a national probability sample of Australian youth. Participants completed a 24-item questionnaire that reflected the vocational interest typology of Holland. Item response analysis was used to determine the location of the four questions that comprised each of the vocational scales. Scales and items conformed generally to the measurement model. Infit mean squares centred on 1.0 and separability was satisfactory for all scales (0.85 to 0.99) except the Investigative scale. The analysis of items using a Rasch model provided new information on how individuals responded to items and the complexity of responses within interest categories. It is argued that simple raw scores or summing scores may not offer a valid basis for assessment of interests.
Validity of Measures of Math- and Science-Related Self-Efficacy for African Americans and European Americans
Authors: Gwilliam Laurie R. , Betz Nancy E.
Published: March 2007

The present study examined the reliability and validity of three measures of investigative (science) self-efficacy, a measure of self- efficacy with respect to scientific/technical fields (STF), and mathematics self-efficacy. Also, it addressed the question of whether or not these measures were psychometrically sound and normatively comparable with African Americans and European Americans. Among other findings, all measures were found to be reliable in both racial groups, and all but the STF were found to be related to each other as well as to a criterion of consideration of majors and careers in the sciences. Although validity was comparable for African Americans and European Americans as groups, there was some tendency for relationships of self-efficacy to science relatedness of choices to be strongest among African American women. There were significant gender differences in math and science self-efficacy (in favor of males), but no significant race differences. The STF, used originally with students who had already tentatively selected majors in science and engineering, yielded nearly bimodal score ranges in these unselected samples (both African Americans and European Americans), suggesting its use may be inappropriate with unselected samples of college students. Recommendations for use of these measures in both further research and to evaluate the effectiveness of efficacy-based interventions are reported.
Concurrent Validity of the Kuder Career Search Activity Preference Scales and Career Clusters
Authors: Kelly Kevin R.
Published: March 2007

The Kuder Career Search, the most recent edition of the Kuder Preference Records, is available in an online administration format. This study was conducted to compare the results of the online Career Search with concurrent measures of career interest and self-efficacy. The Activity Preference scales were generally related as expected to the concurrent interest and efficacy measures; most correlations between corresponding scales were small to moderate. The rank order of the Career Clusters was correlated with the ranks of the concurrent interest scales. An initial evaluation of the validity of the online version of the Kuder Career Search is provided in light of these findings.
Vocational Interests and Basic Values
Authors: Sagiv Lilach
Published: March 2007

Two studies investigated the relations between vocational interests and basic values. In Study 1, hypotheses relating interests to values were derived and tested among 97 clients in career counseling. Conventional interests correlated positively with conformity, security, and tradition values and negatively with self-direction, stimulation, and universalism values. Enterprising interests correlated positively with power and achievement values and negatively with universalism values. Social interests correlated positively with benevolence values. Artistic and investigative interests correlated positively with self-direction and universalism values and negatively with conformity, security, and tradition values. Realistic interests, as expected, did not correlate with values. Study 2 replicated these findings among 545 counselees and showed that findings better matched the hypothesized pattern of relations among individuals who had reached a quality career decision during counseling. Implications for the implementation of both interests and values in career counseling are discussed.
Career Assessment and the Career Beliefs Inventory
Authors: Krumboltz John D. , Vosvick Mark A.
Published: March 2007

The Career Beliefs Inventory (CBI; Krumboltz, 1991, 1992, 1994) is a counseling tool to identify career beliefs and assumptions that may block clients from taking constructive action. Here we answer some frequently asked questions about the CBI and illustrate with excerpts from a counseling case study. The CBI is relatively independent of other career assessment instruments. Scores on the 25 scales reflect categories of beliefs that have caused difficulties for other people in the past. A counselor can use scores to probe for particularly troublesome beliefs and to provide support and insight regarding helpful assumptions. Whether a given belief is helpful or not is a decision for the client to determine—no right or wrong beliefs are designated by the CBI itself.
Test-Retest Reliability and Validity Studies of the Skills Confidence Inventory
Authors: Parsons Elizabeth , Betz Nancy E.
Published: March 2007

The present study investigated the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Skills Confidence Inventory (SCI; Betz, Borgen, & Harmon, 1996), a measure of self-efficacy expectations with respect to the six Holland (1985a) themes. In a sample of 113 college students, 67 men and 46 women, test-retest reliability over a 3-week interval ranged from .83 (Realistic confidence) to .87 (Social confidence). In a sample of 345 students, 164 men and 181 women, evidence for the construct validity of the SCI was found. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis suggested a fair fit of the data to the six-factor structure of Holland's theory.
Accuracy of Self-Estimated Abilities and the Relationship Between Self-Estimated Abilities and Realism for Women
Authors: Betsworth Deborah G.
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study was twofold. First, the study asked if women were significantly more likely to underestimate rather than overestimate their abilities. Second, the study asked if the accuracy of self-estimated abilities was related to the realism of the women's current occupation. The participants included 198 adult, working women. Results suggested women were significantly more likely to underestimate their abilities (based on the General Aptitude Test Battery) on general learning ability, verbal ability, spatial ability, form perception, clerical perception, and motor coordination. Furthermore, results suggested the tendency to underestimate abilities was related to the realism of women's occupational choice; underestimated abilities were underutilized in the occupation.
Validation of a Five-Level Locus of Control Scale
Authors: Fournier Geneviève , Jeanrie Chantale
Published: March 2007

The objective of this article is to discuss our research into the validation of a career-related locus of control scale. The instrument, the Vocational Locus of Control Scale developed by Fournier, Jeanrie, and Drapeau (1996), attempts to confirm the empirical existence of our conception of a five-level locus of control in the career domain. In this study, the empirical qualities of the instrument are confirmed through the demonstration of the factor analysis structure, the evaluation of inter-type correlations and the relationship established with Rotter's scale. The results, stemming from a study in which over 1,000 individuals were interviewed, demonstrate the sufficient reliability of the instrument and provide significant evidence for its conceptual validity, supporting, at the same time, the suggested nuances in the expression of a feeling of control. Questions of a theoretical and empirical nature are raised with regard to the structure of the concept.
Current Policies Aimed at Attaining a Model of Sustainable Development in Brazil
Authors: Goldemberg José
Published: March 2007

This paper outlines Brazil's current efforts to develop a model for sustamable development. Present and future efforts within the energy, timber and agricultural sectors are combined with a new program of ecological-economical zoning. This policy framework seeks to balance the need for economic growth and enhancement of quality of life with environmental protection. Brazil's Plan for Conversion of the External Debt for Environmental Ends is also presented.
Reducing Pollution of the River Rhine: The Influence of International Cooperation
Authors: Bernauer Thomas , Moser Peter
Published: March 2007

In this article, we critically examine the widely held view that transboundary political and legal efforts to reduce pollution of the river Rhine by heavy metals have been a success story. In doing so, we seek to contribute to the analysis of the performance of transboundary environmental cooperation, and to gain insights that may be relevant to environmental cleanup efforts in other international river basins. We conclude that international efforts have only modestly and indirectly contributed to pollution reductions, and that, in the Rhine case, informal approaches to problem solving have been more effective than formal approaches. We also find that liability frameworks may contribute toward pollution reductions, but are, even under favorable conditions, of very limited effectiveness.
Environmental Management Systems and Environmental Protection: Can ISO 14001 Be Useful Within the Context of Apec?
Authors: Roht-Arriaza Naomi
Published: March 2007

At the July 1996 Ministerial Meeting on Sustainable Development, the environment ministers of the Asia Pacific Economic Corporation's (APEC's) 18 members agreed to promote ISO 14000, which involves voluntary action by industry to establish environmental management systems (EMSs) and to commit to ongoing improvements in environmental performance. This article analyzes the potential role of the ISO 14001 EMS and related standards in the context of the economies of APEC. It summarizes the genesis and content of the standards and then focuses on aspects that are particularly salient within the APEC context: performance, information generation, and market access. It concludes that ISO 14001 alone will not necessarily lead to improvement in environmental outcomes in the region. The final section explores some options for incorporating ISO 14001 as one element of a larger framework for environmental protection, international cooperation, and sustainable development in APEC.
Contradictions and Conflicts in Environmental Planning: A Case Study of the Plan d'Action National pour l'Environnement (PANE) in Burkina Faso
Authors: Marcussen Henrik Secher , Speirs Mike
Published: March 2007

An exploration of the National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) in Burkina Faso illustrates the difficulties of sectorial planning for improved natural resource management. Tracing the history of development planning and the background of the preparation of environmental action plans in numerous African countries leads to an assessment of the results and impact of the NEAP in Burkina Faso. It is argued that the NEAP has played only a marginal role in tackling the environmental problems of the country. The lack ofparticipation in preparation, institutional confusion, and insufficient analysis of the main causes of environmental degradation as well as the failure to identify costs and benefits of specific resource management improvements are amongst shortcomings of the plan. The article concludes that to encourage more investment in better resource management, this will require greater integration of environ mental concerns in economic policy making.
Empirical Groupings of Perceptions of Alcohol Use among Alcohol Dependent Persons: A Cluster Analysis of the Alcohol Use Inventory (AUT) Scales
Authors: Donat Dennis C.
Published: March 2007

Scales of the Alcohol Use Inventory (AUI) for 217 consecutive admissions (174 men, 43 women; 178 white, 39 black) to a substance abuse treatment program were cluster analyzed to empirically identify patterns of subjective perceptions regarding benefits of use, deleterious consequences of use, and styles of use. Five groupings emerged which were cross-validated by randomly splitting the total sample in half and applying the K-Means procedure to each half. Differences among these groups were found on age, education, and the personality and symptom scales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II). The implications of these clusters for understanding and treating alcohol abuse/dependence are discussed.
The Effect of Symptom Information on Faking on the MMPI-2
Authors: Wetter Martha W. , Baer Ruth A. , Berry David T. R. , Reynolds Sarah K.
Published: March 2007

We investigated the effect of specific symptom information on faking a personality disorder on the MMPI-2. Four groups of adult subjects were studied: 23 normal adults given specific information about borderline personality disorder (BPD) and instructed to simulate it, 23 normal adults instructed to simulate a psychological disturbance without specific symptom information, 36 patients with a diagnosis of BPD, and 36 normal adults who completed the test with standard instructions. Comparison of test profiles showed that informed fakers obtained scores on validity scales sensitive to over reporting that were no different from scores of uninformed fakers, but which were significantly higher than scores of actual patients. On clinical scales 4, 6, 8, and 9 informed fakers obtained scores significantly higher than patients' scores. These results suggest that specific symptom information was of little help in simulating a disturbance convincingly on the MMPI-2.
The Los Angeles Symptom Checklist: A Self Report Measure of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: King Lynda A. , King Daniel W. , Leskin Gregory , Foy David W.
Published: March 2007

A series of inquiries was conducted on the psychometric properties of the Los Angeles Symptom Checklist (LASC), a self-report measure of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and associated features. Data were drawn from various samples of individuals who completed the LASC in prior studies: Vietnam veterans (n = 300), battered women (n = 123), adult survivors of child sexual abuse (n = 142), maritally distressed women (n = 36), psychiatric outpatients (n = 105), and high-risk adolescents (n = 168). The instrument was shown to possess high internal consistency (alphas ranging from .88-.95) and test-retest reliability (coefficients of .90 and .94 with a 2-week interval), to be dominated by a strong PTSD first factor, and to demonstrate acceptable levels of convergent validity. Normative information is provided for various samples, including help-seeking male combat veterans, help-seeking females, and high-risk adolescents. As a self-report PTSD assessment device, the LASC has potential for use with various trauma groups.
Sex Effect Sizes of the Beck Anxiety Inventory for Psychiatric Outpatients Matched by Age and Principal Disorders
Authors: Steer Robert A. , Beck Aaron T. , Beck Judith S.
Published: March 2007

The BAI total scores and 21 symptom ratings of 453 female and 453 male outpatients matched by age and principal DSM-III-R disorders were compared. The mean difference in the total scores of 1.77 represented a small effect size of 0.12, p < .01. Although nine symptoms significantly differentiated the men and women, a stepwise discriminant analysis indicated that only one symptom, "Feeling hot," explained more than 1% of the variance distinguishing between the men and women. The women described slightly more overall anxiety and specific distress with respect to the latter symptom than the men did. The findings were discussed as supporting the use of the same norms for both sexes.
Convergent Validity of the Personality Assessment Inventory: A Study of Emergency Referrals in a Correctional Setting
Authors: Rogers Richard , Ustad Karen L. , Salekin Randall T.
Published: March 2007

The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is a new generation multiscale inventory that is widely used in clinical settings. The current study examined its convergent validity with emergency referrals in a metropolitan correctional facility. A sample of 80 referrals completed two phases of an assessment study. As a measure of convergent validity, results on select PAI scales were compared to the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS), the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS), and the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS). Overall, results indicated moderate to good convergent validity for the following: (a) screening for feigned profiles, (b) establishing clinical correlates of common disorders, and (c) evaluating the potential for suicidal ideation.
Cross-Validation and Extension of the MMPI-A IMM Scale
Authors: Zinn Sandra , McCumber Stacey , Dahlstrom W. Grant
Published: March 2007

Seventy-five female and 76 male college undergraduates participated in a cross-validation of the IMM scale, developed for the MMPI-A. These participants completed the IMM scale which was scored in two ways: one used the regular MMPI-A score, IMMA, and the other, IMM2, was based on the subset of these items that also appear in the MMPI-2. They also completed a gender-appropriate version of the Washington University Sentence Completion Test (WUSCT) and a brief biographical questionnaire. High inter-rater reliability (.80) was established for scoring the WUSCT for ego developmental level based on the most recent version of the scoring format. Statistically significant correlations were found between ego level scores and both the IMMA and the IMM2 scales. Means and standard deviations on both IMM scales for the males and females in the MMPI-A and the MMPI-2 restandardization samples, respectively, were obtained.
A Comparison of Nine WAIS-R Short Forms in Individuals with Mild to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Guilmette Thomas J. , Dabrowski John , Kennedy Mary Lynne , Gnys Judith
Published: March 2007

Scores from nine WAIS-R short forms were calculated for a sample of 75 adults with mild to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although all nine of the short forms were significantly correlated with the WAIS-R Full Scale IQ, three of the short forms (Vocabulary-Block Design; Vocabulary-Block Design-Arithmetic-Similarities; VocabularyArithmetic-Picture Arrangement-Block Design) significantly overestimated the WAIS-R IQ and thus may be inappropriate to use with this population. The remaining six short forms did not differ significantly from the WAIS-R Full Scale IQ. Among these six, Ward's seven-subtest short form appeared to exhibit the least variability in predicting the WAIS-R Full Scale IQ. Information is presented and discussed regarding the absolute difference scores between short form IQ estimates and the WAIS-R as well as the proportion of short forms which significantly underand overestimate the Full Scale IQ.
Ethical Perspectives and Practice Behaviors Involving Computer-Based Test Interpretation
Authors: McMinn Mark R. , Ellens Brent M. , Soref Erez
Published: March 2007

The debates of the 1980s regarding responsible use of computer-based test interpretation (CBTI) software have mostly disappeared, as CBTI use has become common practice. We surveyed 364 members of the Society for Personality Assessment to determine how they use CBTI software in their work and their perspectives on the ethics of using CBTI in various ways. Psychologists commonly use CBTI software for test scoring and to provide a complementary source of input for case formulations. Most do not use CBTI software as the primary way to formulate a case, nor as an alternative to a written report. Controversy and uncertainty were expressed about importing sections of CBTI narratives into psychological reports. We distinguish between support and replacement functions of CBTI use, arguing that adequate research evidence should be present before using CBTI as a replacement for established assessment procedures.
The 2-Year Test-Retest Reliability of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised in Methadone Patients
Authors: Rutherford Megan , Cacciola John S. , Alterman Arthur I. , McKay James R. , Cook Terry G.
Published: March 2007

The 2-year test-retest reliability of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) was examined in 200 men and 25 women methadone patients. Stability of the PCL-R was generally good whether it was evaluated as a dichotomous or dimensional measure. Utilizing a diagnostic cutoff score of 25 or more the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were .48 for men and .67 for women. For the Total PCL-R score ICCs were .60 and .65 for men and women, respectively. Factor 1 was more reliably measured in women compared to men (.63 vs. .43). For men, Factor 1 was significantly less reliable than Factor 2 or the Total score. For women, Factor 2 was significantly less reliable than the Total PCL-R score or Factor 1.
Heritability of MMPI Harris-Lingoes and Subtle-Obvious Subscales in Twins Reared Apart
Authors: DiLalla David L. , Gottesman Irving I. , Carey Gregory , Bouchard Thomas J.
Published: March 2007

A large sample of identical and fraternal twins who had been reared apart was used to examine the genetic and environmental architecture of the MMPI Subtle-Obvious and Harris-Lingoes subscales. Univariate genetic analyses indicated significant heritability for all 28 of the Harris-Lingoes subscales (estimates ranged from .23 to .61), all five Obvious subscales (estimates ranged from .37 to .56) and four of the five Subtle subscales (estimates ranged from .27 to .35). Two randomly constructed scales were analyzed as controls; neither of these scales showed significant heritability. Exploratory correlational findings suggested that three of the Wiener-Harmon Subtle subscales may tap aspects of psychological health, naivete, or repression. Ma-S may come closest to Wiener and Harmon's intent. Although they apparently diverge from their original purpose, it may be too early to abandon the "low face valid items" of the Subtle subscales.
Dynamic Motor Cortical Organization
Authors: Sanes Jerome N. , Donoghue John P.
Published: March 2007

Motor cortical organization has commonly been conceived as somatotopically ordered, with single body parts controlled from individual patches of cortical tissue. An opposing viewpoint suggests that motor cortex has a distnbuted, adaptive, and dynamic organi zation that underlies movement planning, performance, adaptation, and learning. Con verging evidence from anatomic, neurophysiologic, and functional neuroimaging sources indicates that the arm area of motor cortical areas in monkeys and humans has multiple, interconnected sites that ostensibly contribute to controlling various parts of the arm. These representations can exhibit rapid and sometimes enduring modifications following injury, changes in somatic sensory input, and motor learning. Activity-dependent changes in the intrinsic motor cortical network of horizontal and vertical connections coupled with ascending thalamic and corticocortical inputs could provide a substrate for dynamic mod ulation of motor cortex functional representations. NEUROSCIENTIST 3:158-165, 1997
Vulnerability of Well Spouses Involved in Lung Transplantation
Authors: Kurz Jane McCausland
Published: March 2007

Caregiving, creating a situation of vulnerability, can result in increased mortality and morbidity for illness and emotional stress. This study using secondary analysis focused on spousal involvement in the lung transplant process and vulnerability for caregiver strain. In the original studies, taped telephone interviews were conducted with 24 spouses of transplant candidates or recipients using a cross-sectional design. Transcripts were recoded for significant statements related to caregiver role strain. Spouses during organ-waiting periods had higher numbers of statements reflecting caregiver role strain. For posttransplant spouses, caregiver strain was greatest at the time of transplant and early recovery period. Caregiver strain was evident with new crises of infection or rejection. Individual spouses with the most evidence of caregiver strain were those balancing multiple roles and tasks. Health care providers should assess entire transplant families throughout the transplant process for vulnerability related to caregiver strain and assist members to activate coping strategies.
What Questions Do Families of Patients With Early-Stage Prostate Cancer Want Answered?
Authors: Feldman-Stewart Deb , Brundage Michael D. , Mackillop William J.
Published: March 2007

The study was designed to determine the questions that family members of recently diagnosed early-stage prostate cancer patients want addressed and to compare their information priorities with the patient’s priorities. Surveys were distributed to families of 38 patients who had also been surveyed. Respondents judged the importance of each of 93 questions (essential/desired/no opinion/avoid). Twenty-two (58%) family members responded. Most respondents rated most questions as essential (mean: 51 of 93 questions); however, overall, agreement on question ratings was poor (mean agreement: 42.5%, kappa: 0.19). Agreement between a patient and his family member was only slightly better (mean: 56.4%). A core set of 29 questions was identified that most (> 67%) respondents agreed were essential. Although a core set of important questions could be identified, that core would not cover most family members’ essential information needs. The information priorities of the patient often differ from those of his family.
The Contribution of “Good” Palliative Care to Quality of Life in Dying Patients: Family Members’ Perceptions
Authors: Miettinen Terhikki , Alaviuhkola Helena , Pietila Anna-Maija
Published: March 2007

The purpose of the study was to find out which elements according to relatives’ conceptions could be considered essential for elderly patients’ good quality of life in a palliative context and to discern the most important and valuable characteristics of good palliative care. Nine relatives were theme interviewed 1 year after the patients’ deaths. The recorded tapes were analyzed by the phenomenographic method. The conceptions describing the elements needed for good quality of patients’ lives in the palliative context were categorized into three horizontal categories: way of living, dignity, and professional palliative care. Although quality of life is a complex concept and difficult to analyze, the opinions of the relatives of patients bring some relevant aspects to this discussion. Our results emphasize the importance of family in assessing and improving care in the palliative context.
Hermeneutic Phenomenology: An Approach to Understanding Families
Authors: Chesla Catherine A.
Published: March 2007

Hermeneutic phenomenology is offered as an approach to study families that enables the study of phenomena that are difficult to address using a science based in rationalism or empiricism: shared family meanings and family concerns. Heideggerian concepts that serve as the foundation of a hermeneutic phenomenology offamilies are that humans are situated in their worlds, constituted by their worlds, engaged in everyday activity, and moved by their concerns in day-to-day life. Each concept is discussed in terms of how it affects the hermeneutic phenomenological study of thefamily and structures the relationship of the researcher to the project.
The Influence of the Beliefs of Nurses: A Clinical Example of a Post-Myocardial-Infarction Couple
Authors: Wright Lorraine M. , Bell Janice M. , Watson Wendy L. , Tapp Dianne M.
Published: March 2007

The beliefs held by nurses have the potential to influence the beliefs of the individuals andfamiliesfor whom they care. This clinical example presents the experience of a couple who presented with marital conflict at the Family Nursing Unit, University of Calgary, about 8 months following the husband's second myocardial infarction. As the story of this couple's recovery experience unfolded, the constraining influence of the hospital nurses' beliefs on the wife's behavior throughout her husband's recovery became evident. The iatrogenically induced beliefs constrained the wife from voicing her concerns directly to her husband because she believed she could increase her husband's stress and make him ill. A clinical model offamily systems nursing that focuses on beliefs guided the assessment and intervention offered to the couple. Ironically, this clinical case example describes how one group of nurses assisted the family by challenging the beliefs of another group of nurses. The importance and influence of beliefs, particularly the beliefs of nurses, are highlighted.
Family-Nurse Relationships: Core Assumptions and Clinical Implications
Authors: Leahey Maureen , Harper-Jaques Sandy
Published: March 2007

Five core assumptions relating to the family-nurse relationship are presented. Nurses and families each bring strengths and resources to the relationship and have specialized expertise in maintaining health and managing health problems. Reciprocity in the relationship is emphasized, with the relationship characterized as nonhierarchical. Feedback processes are described as they simultaneously occur at several different relationship levels among nursesfamilies, and other systems. Clinical implications of the five core assumptions are discussed. Questions are provided for the nurse to use when reflecting on her own relationship with thefamily and when interviewing the family about her relationship with them.
Stories of Suffering, Stories of Strength: Narrative Influences in Family Nursing
Authors: Moules Nancy J. , Streitberger Sylvia
Published: March 2007

Narrative approaches are influencing family nursing practice. Narrative ideas, theory, and practices are currently seen directly in the practices of some advanced nurse practitioners, and postmodern influences are seen in the relational stances that many nurses assume with families. In this article, the authors describe narrative theory and practice, the current influence of narrative ideas in family nursing, and the possibilities for families and nurses that are created.
Socioemotional Experiences of Korean Families with Asthmatic Children
Authors: Park Eun Sook , Martinson Ida M.
Published: March 2007

This studyfocuses on Koreanfamilies of asthmatic children in South Korea using a case study method to understand their experiences. Informants were 55 individual members from 16families. Analysis revealed that the parents perceived their child with asthma as having physical limitations, having psychological adjustments including both behavior changes and competence issues, and needing social adjustment. The parents reported management issues, their own emotional adjustments,feeling the burden of illness, and negative effects of the illness on the family. Thefamiliesfound the disease increasingly burdensome over time. The siblings were envious of the attention the asthmatic child received. Families experienced increased conflicts andfinancial strain.
Guard and Reserve Spouse Separation during the Persian Gulf War: Coming to Terms with Uncertainty
Authors: Messecar Deborah C. , Kendall Judy
Published: March 2007

During the Persian Gulf War (1990-1991), more than 228,000 National Guard and reserve members were recalled to active duty. Little information exists about the effect of wartime military separation among the civilian spouses of guard and reserve personnel. This grounded theory study describes the effect of the Persian Gulf War separation on 14 guard and reserve spouses. Data were generated from in-depth interviews and were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Three patterns of coming to terms with the separation emerged from analysis of the intensive interviews: (a) settling in immediately, (b) struggling followed by settling in, and (c) struggling without relief. Each pattern is associated with different patterns of social support that affect the relationship between uncertainty and adjustment. These findings provide important information for nurses who work with spouses who can anticipate this type of separation.
Development of Family Nursing in Japan—Present and Future Perspectives
Authors: Sugishita Chieko
Published: March 2007

This article describes the evolution of family nursing in Japan. It situates the unfolding of practice, education, and theory development of family nursing in Japan in relationship with development of family nursing in other countries.
Family Decision Making in Foregoing Life-Extending Treatments
Authors: Tilden Virginia P. , Tolle Susan W. , Nelson Christine A. , Thompson Maye , Eggman Susan C.
Published: March 2007

Families generally serve as surrogate decision makers for hospitalized dying patients who are unable to express their own decisions regarding life-prolonging treatments. The authors interviewed family members whose relatives died in the hospital following the withdrawal of aggressive medical treatments. Interviews were at two time periods: at 1 and 6 months post-patient death. Study data indicated a core set of phases which family members experienced in the process of arriving at the decision to withdraw treatment: recognition of futility, coming to terms, shouldering the surrogate role, and facing the question. At 6 months post decision, families reflected on the need for corroborating evidence that they had made the right decision, which the authors term seeking a triangulation of certainty. Advance directives and forthright communication from clinicians were two factors that most helped family members feel more positive about events.
The Public and Private Domains
Authors: DUTFIELD GRAHAM
Published: March 2007

This article argues that intellectual property law contains an in-built bias that protects the intangible assets of companies while failing to recognize traditional knowledge as protectable subject matter. The rapid globalization of high-level intellectual property rights (IPRs) minimum standards is certain to exacerbate the situation. The main reason why IPRs are unfair is not that they are explicitly discriminatory but that they treat all knowledge in the world as the intellectual commons except that which is protected under patent or other mainstream IPRs. This situation is unjust to indigenous people and contrary to the interests of everybody except those who profit from exploiting traditional knowledge unfairly.
Faculty Interest in Policy-Oriented Advising and Research
Authors: Sabatier Paul A.
Published: March 2007

In contrast to the "two communities" metaphor, a survey of 800 faculty at the University of California, Davis, revealed that 42% had participated in some form of policy advising or research during the previous two years. An analysis of three models purporting to explain such behavior tentatively concludes that faculty interest in such activities was somewhat independent of perceived contributions to professional advancement but that a longitudinal, dyadic research design is really needed.