bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Collaborative Strategic for Reading (CSR) To Improve Students’ Reading Comprehension
Authors: Syakur Abd , Paisun Paisun
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research or the study was to improve students' reading comprehension skills. Classroom Action Research (CAR) has been used to adopt this research. The research includes five stages, namely preliminary research, preparation, implementation of plans, observation of results, and reflection of results. The research was conducted in three cycles, each cycle being tested for reading comprehension which aims to evaluate student learning outcomes. The subjects of this study were class VIIIC students of SMP Negeri 11 Malang 44 first semester students (2019/2020). The types of data in this study consisted of field notes, observation sheets, tests, and interviews. This type of data is used as the basis for evaluating student achievement in reading comprehension in each cycle. The result of the study showed the implementation of the Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) improved the students’ reading comprehension. As indicated by the increase in the average score of students and the percentage of students who achieve mastery learning to read comprehension descriptive texts in the post test given in three cycles (72 and 77% in the first cycle, 74 and 82% in the second cycle, and 78 and 86% in cycle III). The implementation of CSR in reading comprehension was effective in improving students' reading comprehension skill.
GİRİŞİM FONLAMASINDA SOSYAL SERMAYENİN ÇEVRİMİÇİ ROLÜ: KİTLESEL FONLAMA ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: MUMCU Artür Yetvart , ATAMAN BERK Göksel
Published: June 2021

İşletmelerin kurulum sürecinde ihtiyaç duyulan fonun temini, girişimciler için önemli bir sınırlılık oluşturmaktadır. Bu soruna alteratif bir çözüm olarak ortaya çıkan ve yakın gelecekte önemli bir fonlama sistemi olma potansiyeline sahip kitlesel fonlama, bu araştırmanın konusunu oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada hem sosyal hem de ekonomik girişimlerin fonlanması için yeni bir yöntem olan kitlesel fonlamanın başarısında, sosyal sermayenin etkileri incelenmiştir. Doktora tezinden türetilen bu araştırmada kitlesel fonlamada başarılı bir fonlamaya ulaşılabilmesi için gerekli hususların aydınlatılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma yazında konuyla ilgili nitel ağırlıkta olan sonuçların, nicel olarak test edilmesi temeline dayanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Türkiye’de girişimi için ihtiyaç duyduğu fonu toplamak amacıyla proje yayınlamış ödül ve bağış bazlı 251 kitlesel fonlama proje sahibine anket uygulanmıştır. Hedef fonuna ulaşabilen projeler başarılı, ulaşamayanlar ise başarısız olarak kodlanmıştır. Çevrimiçi bir girişim fonlaması süreci olan kitlesel fonlama, sosyal sermayenin yine çevrimiçi boyutuna odaklanan çevrimiçi sosyal sermaye kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Gelecekte başarılı projelere ulaşmak için gerekliliklerin ortaya konulması amacıyla araştırma modeli, sinyal teorisi çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bağımsız değişken olarak ele alınan çevrimiçi sosyal sermayenin aracı ve dayanışmacı boyutlarının, başarıyı yordadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca cinsiyet ve eğitim durumunun da kitlesel fonlama başarısı üzerinde etkili olduğu görülmüştür.
COST BENEFITS ANALYSIS OF PH.D EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
Authors: ADU Ebenezer Taiwo , AJAYI Oyedokun Samuel
Published: June 2021

This research work examined the cost benefits of Ph. D in Nigeria. It was a descriptive design of a survey type. The population of the study was all the lecturers and Ph. students of the University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, 150 Lecturers and students were selected through simple random sampling and techniques. Two sets of research instruments were used one for the lecturers and the second one for the students currently undergoing Ph. . The validity of the instruments was done with the use of content, construct and face . Descriptive analysis was used to the data collected. The results showed that the cost of Ph. was higher compare to lower degrees, the prospect cadre for Ph. was high and that the financial and other benefits of Ph.D holders were higher than other degrees.
DEPRESSION’S WAY OF EXPRESSION IN THE CASE OF A PARANOID-SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY STRUCTURE
Authors: Trifu Simona , Gherman Alexandru , Militaru Alexandra , Raisa Ilinca Vlaicu , Coban Constantinescu , Mititelu Florin
Published: June 2021

Motivation: A psychiatric patient should be looked at in the longitudinal dynamics of their life because it is possible that during youth, mental suffering has a certain tone to it, which is later erased, transformed or moved, through a greater or lesser contact with the ideas or the affect.
Objective: We want to present the life history and dynamics of a subject whose first episode of mental illness of a depressive nature was around the age of 20, and to emphasize how over the years, this nature has faded. Currently, there is an absence of connection between the symptoms and the possible causalities.
Material and methods: psychiatric and psychoanalytic interviews in dynamics, analysis of the life map, interpretations, the symptom’s evolution under medication, social support, identification of positive and negative prognostic factors, differential diagnoses, performing the diagnostic tree.
Results: The patient presented a first depressive episode in youth with a trigger related to an important emotional relationship; the episode overlapping with childhood difficulties (a father with a penal past, absence of parental Superego, attempts to build a shield through divinity). There follows a period of well-being, over which, about ten years ago, a hypochondriac pathology occurs, which associates the significant change of in a bizarre psychotic sense, with homelessness, delusional interpretation and completed with suicide attempt, so that the last episode is predominantly psychotic, but with a mystical and guilt theme and sin, with important changes, which also highlights the paranoid personality background of the person in question.
Conclusion: The personality structure along with social functioning are important milestones of clinical evolution, beyond the main diagnosis of axis I, which in this case remained of recurrent depressive disorder, major depressive episode with psychotic phenomena, with the first two differential diagnoses: Bipolar disorder or schizophrenia depressive episode
TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES IN CALLUS OF KAEMPFERIA PARVIFLORA
Authors: Rahman Zuraida Ab , Othman Ayu Nazreena , Machap Chandradevan A/L , Amran Amirah Balqis Amir , Basiron Nur Najwa Arifah
Published: June 2021

Black ginger or is one useful medicinal plant that urges the need to be cultivated widely. This plant has some previous studies about their rhizomes and callus growth optimization, but their total content and antioxidant activities are not very . This study aims to study the total content and antioxidant activities of callus of K.. This study is to determine the type and concentration of hormone that give the best effect on the growth of callus in culture from different parts (, and basal part) of K.. Different concentrations were tested with medium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and acid (NAA) in callus cultivation. The highest total content tested in callus is one with 10.00 mg/L 2,4-D from the part of the plant. The highest antioxidant activity is from the part of the plant with 5.00 mg/L 2,4-D.
Ethical Aspects of the Internet of Things in eHealth
Authors: Habib Kashif
Published: June 2021

While the current Internet has brought comforts in our lives, the future of the Internet that is the Internet of Things (IoT) promises to make our daily living even much easier and convenient. The IoT presents a concept of smart world around us, where things are trying to assist and benefit people. Patient monitoring outside the hospital environment is one case for the IoT in healthcare. The healthcare system can get many benefits from the IoT such as patient monitoring with chronic disease, monitoring of elderly people, and monitoring of athletes fitness. However, the comfort may bring along some worries in the form of people’s concerns such as right or wrong actions by things, unauthorised tracking, illegal monitoring, trust relationship, safety, and security. This paper presents the ethical implications of the IoT in eHealth on people and society, and more specifically discusses the ethical issues that may arise due to distinguishing characteristics of the IoT.
Artificial moral agents: an intercultural perspective
Authors: Nagenborg Michael
Published: June 2021

In this paper I will argue that artificial moral agents (AMAs) are a fitting subject of intercultural information ethics because of the impact they may have on the relationship between information rich and information poor countries. I will give a limiting definition of AMAs first, and discuss two different types of AMAs with different implications from an intercultural perspective. While AMAs following preset rules might raise con-cerns about digital imperialism, AMAs being able to adjust to their user‘s behavior will lead us to the question what makes an AMA ?moral?? I will argue that this question does present a good starting point for an inter-cultural dialogue which might be helpful to overcome the notion of Africa as a mere victim.
On the Anticipation of Ethical Conflicts between Humans and Robots in Japanese Mangas
Authors: Krebs Stefan
Published: June 2021

The following contribution examines the influence of mangas and animes on the social perception and cultural understanding of robots in Japan. Part of it is the narrow interaction between pop culture and Japanese robotics: Some examples shall serve to illustrate spill-over effects between popular robot stories and the recent development of robot technologies in Japan. The example of the famous Astro boy comics will be used to help investigate the ethical conflicts between humans and robots thematised in Japanese mangas. With a view to ethical problems the stories shall be subsumed under different categorical aspects.
‘Rinri’: An Incitement towards the Existence of Robots in Japanese Society
Authors: Kitano Naho
Published: June 2021

Known as the “Robot Kingdom”, Japan has launched, with granting outstanding governmental budgets, a new strategic plan in order to create new markets for the RT (Robot-Technology) Industry. Now that the social structure is greatly modernized and a high social functionality has been achieved, robots in the society are taking a popular role for Japanese people. The motivation for such great high-tech developments has to be researched in how human relations work, as well as in the customs and psychology of the Japanese. With examining the background of the Japanese affirmativeness toward Robots, this paper reveals the Animism and the Japanese ethics, “Rinri”, that benefit the Japanese Robotics. First the introduction describes the Japanese social context which serves in order to illustrate the term “Rinri”. The meaning of Japanese Animism is explained in order to understand why Rinri is to be considered as an incitement for Japanese social robotics.
Robotics and Development of Intellectual Abilities in Children
Authors: Alvarez Miguel Angel Pérez
Published: June 2021

It is necessary to transform the educative experiences into the classrooms so that they favor the development of intellectual abilities of children and teenagers. We must take advantage of the new opportunities that offer information technologies to organize learning environments which they favor those experiences. We considered that to arm and to program robots, of the type of LEGO Mind Storms or the so called “crickets”, developed by M. Resnik from MIT, like means so that they children them and young people live experiences that favor the development of their intellectual abilities, is a powerful alternative to the traditional educative systems. They are these three tasks those that require a reflective work from pedagogy and epistemology urgently. Robotics could become in the proper instrument for the development of intelligence because it works like a mirror for the intellectual processes of each individual, its abilities like epistemologist and, therefore, is useful to favor those processes in the classroom.
On the ambivalence of information and communication technologies
Authors: Fleissner Peter
Published: June 2021

The diffusion of digital information and communication technologies (DICT) is strongly supported by many countries of the world. Today, as well as in the past, new technologies are charged with high expectations, but at a closer look one can see that these expectations then are very different from now. Today they depend on the various interests of different groups of people. Globally acting enterprises see DICT as essential stra-tegic instruments in gaining competitive power; some governments hope to reach military hegemony, others to control terrorism and crime, while grass root movements expect to become more influential on some aspects of society. The paper identifies and analyses basic tendencies which promote the various hopes: the effects of DICT on reducing production and transaction costs, and the possibility to transform information goods into marketable services or commodities. The final part of the paper is devoted to a few examples of how the potential of DICT can be used for social improvements.
Game Ethics - Homo Ludens as a Computer Game Designer and Consumer
Authors: Dodig-Crnkovic Gordana , Larsson Thomas
Published: June 2021

Play and games are among the basic means of expression in intelligent communication, influenced by the relevant cultural environment. Games have found a natural expression in the contemporary computer era in which communications are increasingly mediated by computing technology. The widespread use of e-games results in conceptual and policy vacuums that must be examined and understood. Humans involved in designing, administering, selling, playing etc. computer games encounter new situations in which good and bad, right and wrong, are not defined by the experience of previous generations. This article gives an account of the historical necessity of games, the development of e-games, their pros- and cons, threats and promises, focusing on the ethical awareness and attitudes of game developers.
Information Rights: Trust and Human Dignity in e-Government
Authors: Carbo Toni
Published: June 2021

The words - Rights, - Trust, - Human Dignity, - and even - Government - have widely varying meanings and connotations, differing across time, languages and cultures. Concepts of rights, trust, and human dignity have been examined for centuries in great depth by ethicists and other philosophers and by religious think-ers, and more recently by social scientists and, especially as related to information, by information scientists. Similarly, discussions of government are well documented in writings back to Plato and Aristotle, with investi-gations of electronic government (often referred to as e-government) dating back only to the early 1990s with the advent of the Internet and the World Wide Web. At first e-government was described in glowing, positive terms. Little, if any, attention was paid to two critical questions: 1) Will people trust e-government? and 2) How will cultural differences affect individuals‘ trust in government and their perceptions of govern-ment‘s effect of their human dignity? Examinations of trust and distrust by individuals within organizations have addressed questions of motives and intentions, expectations of behavior, protection of interests, confi-dence in accuracy and reliability of information, vulnerability, and reciprocity, among other complex topics. Establishing e-government services often requires going through several phases: 1) publish (using ICT to improve access to government information), 2) interact (broadening participation in government through 2-way communications, and 3) transact (making actual services available online; and 4) transform (fundamen-tally changing government to make it truly citizen-centric). Building and maintaining trust in e-government require developing an understanding both of the many levels of interactions where trust must be earned and of cultural differences. Another challenge in developing such a framework is that e-government, itself, is very dynamic, changing rapidly over time. Trust in content or a system available one day may not carry over when the content and/or system changes dramatically. Components of a framework must include the follow-ing dimensions: conceptual domains, cultural dimensions, information content dimensions, and system di-mensions. Of course, these dimensions must be considered within the context of rapidly changing govern-ments, ICT services, the digital divide, and other factors. This paper provides a very brief overview of some of the notions of trust and distrust, concentrating on those concerning trust as it relates to notions of power, trust in organizations, and trust in information and information systems as one part of a framework to ad-dress the question of trust in e-government. It also makes a few recommendations for how to build citizen-centric e-government to ensure information rights through a focus on human dignity, fundamental human rights, and earning trust.
Notes from the Field: E-waste in Brasil - Lixo Eletrônico and MetaReciclagem
Authors: Fonseca Felipe , Matielo Daniela de Carvalho
Published: June 2021

As probably every other country in the world, in recent years Brazil has seen an immense increase in the production and consumption of electro-electronics equipment, which generates, as expected, an equally large amount of e-waste. However, there is a general lack of information about health and environmental issues among actors involved with the e-waste cycle, and very limited public discussion about the topic. Also, proper legislation to regulate the destination of all this material does not yet exist. The National Policy on Solid Residuals, which has been discussed in the Brazilian Congress since 1991, had shown signs of including ewaste management. But the responsible working group in the Chamber of Deputies has recently decided to make an amendment to its 33rd article, dealing with the regulation of reverse logistics (take-back) and mandatory recycling of special waste, and no longer considering electronic equipment as such. In response to that, the collective Lixo Eletrônico decided to publish a manifesto and open an online petition drawing attention to the change in the bill. The article offers an overview of the situation and the issues involved and explains the action that is being carried out by the Lixo Eletrônico Collective, presenting the first outcomes and next steps.
Dejetos Materiais e Informacionais como Elementos Culturais
Authors: Rennó Raquel
Published: June 2021

To reflect on waste is to think of it beyond cycles of consumption, as an integral element of cultural processes. The essay broadens the analysis of waste to speak of cultural remainders in a more comprehensive sense, including populations that exist (and have to subsist) at the margins of the official city, often through acts of reappropriation generally considered piracy. Such reappropriation is central to the informal economies whose control evades the cybernetic approaches to governance, and whose cultural logic offers a counterrationality to dominant processes of consumption. Piracy is a strong element of informal economies, and its mode of production and distribution operates through fragmentation, occurring in the interstices of the city or in an ephemeral manner in order to escape surveillance. Strategies of evasion and the fluidity of the market of illegal goods, the ephemeral appropriation of space by street peddlers, by garbage collectors and inhabitants of residual spaces offers a broader view of a dynamic of info-technological recodification that is not restricted to groups of tactical media, political activists, or the terrain of digital media such as Internet and mobile telephony.
The Oldest New Network: The Division of Cultural Labor and its Ecological Impact
Authors: Miller Toby
Published: June 2021

Perhaps the most basic network in modern life is the division of labor. It certainly rates alongside family, school, and town. That inexorably leads to a discussion of how resources are allocated within this division, who exercizes power, and what happens when the network meets a seemingly natural or unnatural end. For networks that may appear extremely stable can come to abrupt or scheduled conclusions, when a company goes bankrupt or a school cohort breaks up. This article briefly examines the history of the division of labor, with particular reference to culture and to its internationalization, concluding with a brief discussion of how short-term networks can lead to the exploitation of workers and have a devastating ecological impact.
Ethical Aspects of Managing a Social Network Site: a Disclosive Analysis
Authors: Skog Daniel
Published: June 2021

Managing an online social network site is not an easy task. First, the software environment must be designed with tools that promote social interaction. Second, the social environment most be nurtured and protected with thoughtful and balanced rules that allow for freedom within limits. This paper reports from an ethnographic study of a Swedish social network site, and focuses on how the site managers try to deal with undesirable use patterns and behaviors among members, at the same time struggling with the unexpected social outcome of a software redesign. Adopting a disclosive ethics approach, the paper highlights some of the ethical challenges embedded in the process of managing the site, and discusses their implications.
Privacy and Social Networking Technology
Authors: Spinello Richard A
Published: June 2021

This paper reviews Facebook’s controversial privacy policies as a basis for considering how social network sites can better protect the personal information of their users. We argue that Facebook’s architecture leaves its users too exposed, especially to online surveillance. This architecture must be modified and Facebook must be more proactive in safeguarding the rights of their customers as it seeks to find the proper balance between user privacy and its commercial interests.
Never Enter Your Real Data1
Authors: Capurro Rafael
Published: June 2021

The present debate over privacy and security is on shaping freedom in the digital age. It seems unquestionable that ICT in general and social media in particular are changing the "web of relationships" (H. Arendt) that binds us. What makes this debate on ICT and social media unique is the fact that it takes place at a local and global level with different forms of synergy related to questions of friendship and fun no less than of oppression and justice. This paper addresses particularly the question about different forms of concealing and unconcealing ourselves in and through social media.
Pluralism about the Value of Privacy
Authors: Bülow William
Published: June 2021

This paper responds to two counterexamples to the view that privacy is valuable because of its connection to personal autonomy. It is argued that these counterexamples fail to establish that personal autonomy is not relevant for the value of privacy, but only the cautious claim that respect for personal autonomy alone is not the only reason for which privacy ought to be respected. Based on the response to the counterexamples a distinction between value-monistic and value-pluralistic accounts about the value of privacy is introduced and it is argued that there are reasons for accepting a value-pluralistic approach to privacy.
The promise of ethical secrecy: can curiosity overcome automated groupthink?
Authors: Lodge Juliet
Published: June 2021

Secrecy and transparency are fundamentally undermined by automated decisionmaking that transforms our understanding of where we begin and end, of self and society. This article considers whether and how technological applications compromise secrecy, transform our perception of the idea appropriate disclosure, our interaction in society and the society itself. It argues that secrecy is part of a continuum of transparency and accountability that cannot be reliably sustained and mediated by automated decisionmaking devoid of curiosity. Do we need an ethics of secrecy derived, perhaps, from our understanding of harmful effects of disclosure?
Remix Ethics
Authors: Campanelli Vito
Published: June 2021

Occupying the increasingly thin line that separates legitimate appropriation from plagiarism, remix practice raises significant ethical issues. The issue is rendered more complicated by the fact that this line frequently shifts, both in academic debates and in legal. If in large Western nations remix practice is widely considered legitimate, it is still considered necessary to add something personal to one’s sources, and if at all possible to enrich those sources in some way. This is usually considered sufficient to avoid misappropriating someone else’s intellectual work. In the last few years, various legal actions in the EU and the USA have revealed a significant gap between this apparently moderate position, and the position of legislators. The purpose of this paper is to take a look at some of the most controversial positions on the issue of ‘remix ethics’, attending more closely to aesthetic implications than to political consequences42 .
Security Thought in Africa in the Context of Global Ethics
Authors: Mabe Jacob Emmanuel
Published: June 2021

There are few themes today that bear as much political significance as that of security. As a philosophical concept security is an ancient human ideal to which individuals as well as communities have constantly as-pired. This paper focuses not only on thought about security issues in Africa in the context of global ethics but also on the rule of the new drums and bells, namely the modern informational media, for the diffusion of knowledge in Africa. Internet, mobile phone etc. are to be seen and accepted by Africans as an essential part of modern world culture.
Implications of social justice for the pricing of information goods
Authors: Ponelis Shana R
Published: June 2021

During the past few years information has increasingly become a commodity. As a commodity the atypical cost structure of information goods in competitive markets result in the price of reproduction of information goods tending to zero implying that market failure is highly likely. Intellectual property rights prevent such market failure by protecting the ability of creators and/or distributors to charge for information goods and as such serve to stimulate and support the creation of information. But information also plays a vital role in enabling people‘s human rights in their everyday lives and it is therefore of paramount importance that such information be accessible. Pricing of information is one of the main factors determining accessibility and pricing strategies should aim to maximise access not just profit and thereby contribute to a socially just world. This paper examines the nature and pricing of information goods and suggests differential pricing of information goods based Rawls‘ principles of social justice.
“Social Information Science” – as a concept for assimilating Smart
Internet Usage in a Multi-Cultural Society : The Case of Israel
Authors: Baruchson-Arbib Shifra
Published: June 2021

The present paper discusses Social Information Science, an innovative field of study, which can enhance
assimilation of smart internet usage in multi-cultural countries such as Israel. Social Information Science
(S.I.) deals with the development ,theory and applications relating to the retrieval and processing of social
and medical information, training “social information scientists,” as well as the development of SI mediation
services such as SI banks, SI sections in schools ,public libraries, hospitals, community centers, and private
services. Together, these concerted efforts aim to establish a modern information-oriented climate in which
stressful social and medical issues are handled through the retrieval and use of reliable information as the
basis for knowledgeable decision making. Mediation services demonstrate the potential and risks involved in
internet usage, as well as the importance of information-based decisions. Social Information Science will help

train people to conduct their daily life decisions on the basis of information selection and self-responsibility-
which is a step forward in the evolvement and empowerment the individual.
The Internet as Friend or Foe of Intellectual Freedom
Authors: Buchanan Elizabeth A
Published: June 2021

What a long strange trip the Internet has had. From its inception and use by the American military to the
billions of users world-wide who log on daily, the Internet is both the promise of access to information and
the peril of surveillance and a means of curtailing intellectual freedom. This paper will review this continuum,
paying close attention to recent developments in the United States that fuel the dichotomous debate
surrounding intellectual freedom.
Network and Everyday Life: Beyond “Local Space”?
Authors: Esquirol Josep Maria
Published: June 2021

After describing what it is known as quotidianity – or everyday life- , the text focuses on the way it is
influenced by the Network, paying special attention to the space-time experience. How does the Network flow
determine a new temporality? How does Cyberspace interact with the place? To finish with, we comment on
the opinion according to which Cyberspace goes beyond the boundaries of what is local.
The Ethos of the Great Bifurcation
Authors: Hofkirchner Wolfgang , Maier-Rabler Ursula
Published: June 2021

In the information age ethical questions are raised about the actual course of the evolution of humankind
which is now at a critical crossroad – the Great Bifurcation. Values like peace, respect for nature, justice,
solidarity, freedom and equality assume greater importance. They all constitute the ethos of the Great
Bifurcation. This ethos has practical implications. E-policies when based on this ethos have to go beyond
techno-oriented solutions in order to bring about a sustainable global information society.
Email and Intercultural Linguistics
Authors: Karasavvidou Eleni
Published: June 2021

One of the matters that seem to preoccupy all the more the researchers of ICT and the sociologists, along
with the parents and teachers, is the relationship between the child and the products of new age technology,
especially the internet. And the results this relationship could have in personal and social level in important
institutions like family and teaching and in important functions like writing and speaking. Having the study of
the representations an important field of the social and anthropologic research the recent years, able to offer
in the comprehension of the social operations and the relations of power they encompass, email language is
proven all the more a rising field of research. This is not only attributed into the “inner status itself” of the
email that offers a combination of “writing” and “oral” logos along with “new technology”, but is equally
attributed into the “external dynamics” that the social subjects whom correspond carry into the e-mail
communication.. Because as email brings “together” persons from a diversity of origins and a variety of
cultures, its language is filled with various social, cultural and psychological connotations.
All the more, having western world the recent decades (due to mass immigration and the intercultural
societies that were evolved), to meet “the disappearance of the Self and the State” as we knew it, it is worth
trying to explore the dynamics of this procedure using one of society’s orienting concepts. Communication.
In this framework an email correspondence between a girl of Greek origin living abroad (a girl from
“Diaspora”) and a native Greek girl seems an intriguing case of research but also a case that requires an
equally complicated method of analysis. Using a synthetic method, (combining the theories of Wierlacher,
Gennete and Bachelar), in other words a method able for us to bring forth not only the linguistic but also the
psychological parameters that intervene in correspondences between people of different sub-cultures, we
tried primarily to exhibit the complexity of those correspondences and secondly to locate interesting data.
We should point though, that this was an experimental research from the point of humanities, and more
specifically from the point of Intercultural Linguistics, in a brand new field and we should wait the new
researches that already follow to justify or un-justify its results. In both cases this research probably will
prove its value being one of the first question marks in a strange yet exciting new field of interest.
Ethics in Deploying Data to make Wise Decisions
Authors: Gopal T V
Published: June 2021

Way back in the 1980s corporations began collecting, combining, and crunching data from sources through-out the enterprise. This approach was widely accepted as a methodology that provides objectivity and trans-parency in decision-making. Good processing of the garnered data paved way for improved analysis of trends and patterns leading to better business and increased profit margins. Corporations began investing in collect-ing, storing, processing and maintaining enterprise wide data. The focus was always on the quality of data and the process of converting it into knowledge that enables right decisions. It was soon realized that a wide range of personal biases has an impact on the way decisions are made. The entire process is replete with ethical dilemmas. This paper provides a framework to understand the interplay of data, information, personal biases, ethics and decision-making. This approach is suitable for every individ-ual, team, organization or a nation. Several years of turmoil in South Africa make it imminent for it to take a fresh look at the way data is transformed into knowledge. The leadership within South Africa has to arrive at wise decisions that can withstand the scrutiny of generations to come.
From the Ethical Use of the Media to a 'useful' Media Ethics
Authors: Weil Felix
Published: June 2021

Without knowing the rules of the game in a specific area qualified ethical decisions within are simply not possible. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the phenomenon 'media' is a prerequisite for the ‘usablity’ of any media ethics. This understanding of the very basis of media is introduced by the notion of space: media is the space where the presentation of something is possible – formally that space fulfils the criteria of a Hilbert space; more common is this concept in the notion of cyberspace e.g.. As presentations (in a real as well as in a Hilbert space) do not exist separated from each other but are (more or less) connected, are linked, thus acting in the media can be understood as moving in the space of communication, following the links. This understanding leads to fundamentally new ethical categories: media ethic is the challenge of ethically designing the communicative space. The appropriate ethical approach for this task can be found in Wittgenstein's notion of 'use'. That overcomes the 'blind' application of ethical norms to categorical distinctive descriptions, which is very common through the term 'applied ethics' though it can be easily proved as aporetic. The investigation in what the ethical 'ought' basically could mean shows that there is no normative meaning without a descriptive context: 'to ought' always means 'to ought' in a certain situation, be it more common or more specific. Ethically right then means: one can decide on the basis of good reasons to do the right in this or that situation. And ethics finally is the quest to categorize, structure and systemize these right decisions by the means of creating a comprehensive theory. These are the limits and the dignity of ethics as a scientific scholarship and media ethics in particular.
Pragmatic Actions or Ethics Needed?
Authors: Hausmanninger Thomas
Published: June 2021

Do we need global ethics for the net? Is it even possible to put these into the form of a universal agreement, embodying the necessary rules and principles in an all-encompassing code of conduct? Or will any such endeavors simply shatter on the differences of cultures? Ought they be labeled as sort of attempted imperialism, more subtle perhaps in comparison with other forms of cultural imperialism—but nevertheless an attempt of such? If so, then ethical concepts need to be restricted to territorially or ethnically specific realms. In that case, the quest for Net-Ethics could perhaps be substituted by pragmatic actions: instruments of control that are simply technical and formal, devoid of moral input and moral convictions. Such a viewpoint has been offered lately in the form of a concept by the Bertelsmann Foundation, which combines rating and filtering instruments with a social lattice-work of net-supervision and transnational combinations of institutions of control. That concept indeed has its charm. It has its problems too; problems that can be made obvious from an ethical viewpoint and which counter the notion, that it is possible to supplant moral instances with pragmatic action. The text therefore reconstructs the concept in question, criticizes it and attempts to sketch an ethical approach to the problem that respects diversity and plurality.
AIDS and Culture: The Case for an African Information Identity
Authors: Albright Kendra S
Published: June 2021

The library and information profession in Africa is not well recognized. It does not carry an identifiable set of core activities that share a common understanding across societies in Africa. The number of libraries in Africa is limited for a variety of reasons including lack of resources, populations that are not based in print literacy, and having its roots in the British model of librarianship. HIV/AIDS continues to pose severe problems for Sub-Saharan Africa. Some countries in the region have successfully reduced the number of HIV/AIDS cases, citing information as the main source of prevention, presenting library and information professionals a unique opportunity to collectively organize and establish their role in the fight against the disease. This paper will discuss the opportunity for how LIS professionals engaged in HIV/AIDS information activities can develop and strengthen a positive status for the library and information discipline in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Disconnecting digital networks: A moral appraisal
Authors: Franke Ulrik
Published: June 2021

Governments who feel threatened are known to disconnect “their” digital networks from the rest of the world, attempting to limit communication by blocking domain names, by disabling telephone networks, and sometimes by trying to isolate an entire country from the Internet. Even though these censorship processes are far from transparent, previous research by Howard et al. 2011 has identified two major self-professed reasons why governments take such actions: (i) protecting political authority and (ii) preserving the public good. This article examines these reasons from the point of view of rights-based theories and utilitarianism to assess their normative force. Though exceptions exist, it is concluded that neither rights-based theories nor utilitarianism in general supports the disconnecting of digital networks to achieve these aims. This conclusion gains extra force as it is supported by two normally opposing normative theories.
Framing an Online Social Movement: How Do the Leadership and Participants of the Egyptian 6th of April Youth Movement Frame their Facebook Activism?
Authors: Bashir Manaf
Published: June 2021

The talks about the horizontality of Internet activism and the advent of social media applications have drawn great attention recently where leadership, organization and coordination are no longer tasks of a movement’s leadership, but also the general participants. This content analysis research attempts to show how the Egyptian 6 th of April Youth Movement framed its own activism and what this multiplicity of actors-based framing meant to social movement discourse. The significance of this study lies in its potential to contribute to the understanding of diverse frames by leaders and participants, with the latter rapidly emerging as new agents of social movements. The findings show that the leadership and participants used similar cause, motivational and consequence frames (the three social movement framing tasks), but the leadership used these frames more frequently than the participants and had a larger influence than the participants in the overall framing of the 6th of April Youth Movement.
La transgression discursive en Egypte à travers les inscriptions murales: le graffiti sur les réseaux sociaux, un nouveau champ de contestation.
Authors: Abdelhamid Mohammad
Published: June 2021

L’objectif principal de cette recherche sera d’étudier les inscriptions murales en Egypte après la révolution de 2011. Le tag, le graffiti et l’art de rue n’avaient quasiment aucune visibilité dans le pays avant cette période de fortes instabilités politiques, quand soudainement ils apparurent à tous les coins de rue. Ma thèse interroge une thématique particulière à savoir la naissance d’un nouveau public, au sens de Dewey c’est-à-dire un public actif bataillant pour sa liberté. Un nouveau public est naît en tant que producteur d’un nouveau champ de protestation dans la rue, laissant une marque pour publiciser son opinion. Puis viennent à la vie d’autres publics qui assistent à l’émergence de ces nouveaux objets et parfois même les postent sur l’internet. La plupart du temps, ce n’est pas l’artiste qui fait la démarche de publier une photographie de graffiti mais un activiste ou un citoyen lambda. Et c’est là que l’étude prend un tournant bien plus intéressant. En tant que sémioticien, le travail portera sur l’analyse des graffiti sur les nouveaux murs, c’est-à-dire sur l’internet et plus particulièrement Facebook, où le graffiti accède à une plus large visibilité. Les réseaux sociaux octroient un nouveau sens au graffiti qui n’était pas originellement prévu par l’artiste. La nature locale de l’œuvre se voit d’un seul coup transformée en un message global accessible de par le monde.
The Quest for a Clean Slate Building and Protecting Reputation in the Cyberworld
Authors: Nagel Daniel
Published: June 2021

ICT technology has multiplied the possibilities for presenting who one is in the Cyberworld. The means for creating, maintaining but also of losing a good reputation have increased exponentially with an international audience now just a click away. However, these means can also be employed for abusive or, at least, purposes for which they were not intended, with undesired revelations, cyber-bullying and the creation of fake identities potentially ending in cyber-homicide. The Quest for a Clean Slate thus comprises multiple obstacles at various levels much like an adventure video game; no sooner are the obstacles, opponents and traps defeated or overcome and the level accomplished, than the next level begins presenting a whole host of new challenges and threats. The reputation warrior, equipped with a sword entitled "freedom to self-determination" and a humble shield entitled "legal redress", is thus thrown into the ever expanding and changing landscape of swamps and wilderness that is the Cyberworld. This paper attempts to present a sneak preview into the various levels of the Quest for a Clean Slate, the online reputation game, depicting its challenges, pitfalls and the possible means for overcoming these latter.
Professional Reputation and Identity in the Online World
Authors: Kirwan Gloria , Mc Guckin Conor
Published: June 2021

The interface between new entrants to professional disciplines, professional reputation management and social media usage is an under-researched and little understood phenomenon. A small-scale study on social media usage conducted with new social workers and teachers, working in the Irish context, revealed interesting insights into the complexities of reputation management for new professionals and the particular issues related to development of their professional reputations raised by online interactions, relationships and behaviour. Key messages for professionals and professional educators emerge from the findings outlined in this article.
Funktionen, Probleme und Regulierung von Suchmaschinen im Internet
Authors: Neuberger Christoph
Published: June 2021

Suchmaschinen haben eine Orientierungs- und Speicherfunktion im Internet. Der Wettbewerb zwischen Google, Yahoo und Microsoft, der im Jahr 2004 an Schärfe gewonnen hat, wird als „Krieg der Architekturen“ interpretiert, bei dem es letztlich darum geht, allgemeine Standards für die Aufbereitung und Suche digitaler Informationen zu setzen. Die Frage, wie groß der Einfluss des Marktführers „Google“ auf die Aufmerksamkeitslenkung im Internet ist, lässt sich noch nicht abschließend beantworten. Gegen ein „Googlepol“ spricht zum Beispiel, dass viele Nutzer parallel auch bei anderen Anbietern suchen. Die Qualität der SuchmaschinenErgebnisse wird nicht nur durch technische Schwächen, sondern in wachsendem Maße auch durch externe und interne Formen der Manipulation beeinträchtigt. In der letzten Zeit haben sich Suchmaschinen-Betreiber und Suchmaschinen-Optimierer in Selbstverpflichtungserklärungen auf Regeln geeinigt, durch die mehr Transparenz für die Nutzer geschaffen und das Problem des „Spamming“ von Suchmaschinen gelöst werden soll.
Canadian University Social Software Guidelines and Academic Freedom: An Alarming Labour Trend
Authors: Lough Taryn , Samek Toni
Published: June 2021

An analysis of first-stage social software guidelines of nine Canadian universities conducted in the 2012-13 academic year with the aim to reveal limits to academic freedom. Carleton University’s guidelines serve as the anchor case, while those of eight other institutions are included to signify a national trend. Implications for this work are central to academic labour. In as much as academic staff have custody and control of all records they create, except records created in and for administrative capacity, these guidelines are interpreted to be alarming. Across the guidelines, framing of social media use by academic staff (even for personal use) as representative of the university assumes academic staff should have an undying loyalty to their institution. The guidelines are read as obvious attempts to control rather than merely guide, and speak to the nature of institutional overreach in the related names of reputation (brand), responsibility (authoritarianism), safety (paternalistically understood and enforced), and the free marketplace of [the right] ideas.
Digital Content Delivery in Higher Education: Expanded Mechanisms for Subordinating the Professoriate and Academic Precariat
Authors: Peekhaus Wilhelm
Published: June 2021

This paper suggests that the latest digital mechanisms for delivering higher education course content are yet another step in subordinating academic labor. The two main digital delivery mechanisms discussed in the paper are MOOCs and flexible option degrees. The paper advances the argument that, despite a relatively privileged position vis-à-vis other workers, academic cognitive laborers are caught up within and subject to some of the constraining and exploitative practices of capitalist accumulation processes. This capture within capitalist circuits of accumulation threatens to increase in velocity and scale through digital delivery mechanisms such as MOOCs and flexible option programs/degrees.