bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thematic and textual analysis methods for developing social validity questionnaires in applied behavior analysis
Authors: Anderson Rachel , Taylor Sarah , Taylor Tessa , Virues‐Ortega Javier
Published: October 2021

Social validity is often defined as the degree to which an intervention has value to the community that it effects, but it is seldom reported in the literature. Most social validity questionnaires are purposely created by the authors of the study and often lack a description of scale development process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate methods for the development of a Likert‐type social validity scale. Caregivers of children who took part in a study on behavioral treatments for pediatric feeding disorders were part of an initial interview to inform scale development. We analyzed interviews using thematic (qualitative) analysis and textual (quantitative) analysis, and used the resulting themes to generate items for two social validity questionnaires. We examined the inter‐rater reliability of the questionnaire development process and evaluated the content validity of the questionnaires resulting from each method. Textual analysis had higher inter‐rater reliability for producing themes that could be converted to questionnaire items. The textual analysis method produced a questionnaire with content validity equal to that of the thematic analysis method. The study demonstrates the successful use of a quantitative approach to the development of social validity questionnaires for behavioral interventions.
Transplantation of high fat fed mouse microbiota into zebrafish larvae identifies MyD88‐dependent acceleration of hyperlipidaemia by Gram‐positive cell wall components
Authors: Manuneedhi Cholan Pradeep , Morris Simone , Luo Kaiming , Chen Jinbiao , Boland Jade A. , McCaughan Geoff W. , Britton Warwick J. , Oehlers Stefan H.
Published: October 2021

Gut dysbiosis is an important modifier of pathologies including cardiovascular disease but our understanding of the role of individual microbes is limited. Here, we have used transplantation of mouse microbiota into microbiota‐deficient zebrafish larvae to study the interaction between members of a mammalian high fat diet‐associated gut microbiota with a lipid rich diet challenge in a tractable model species. We find zebrafish larvae are more susceptible to hyperlipidaemia when exposed to the mouse high fat‐diet‐associated microbiota and that this effect can be driven by two individual bacterial species fractionated from the mouse high fat‐diet‐associated microbiota. We find Stenotrophomonas maltophilia increases the hyperlipidaemic potential of chicken egg yolk to zebrafish larvae independent of direct interaction between S. maltophilia and the zebrafish host. Colonization by live, or exposure to heat‐killed, Enterococcus faecalis accelerates hyperlipidaemia via host MyD88 signaling. The hyperlipidaemic effect is replicated by exposure to the Gram‐positive toll‐like receptor agonists peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid in a MyD88‐dependent manner. In this work, we demonstrate the applicability of zebrafish as a tractable host for the identification of gut microbes that can induce conditional host phenotypes via microbiota transplantation and subsequent challenge with a high fat diet.
Tangential flow filtration facilitated fractionation and PEGylation of low and high‐molecular weight polymerized hemoglobins and their biophysical properties
Authors: Gu Xiangming , Savla Chintan , Palmer Andre F.
Published: October 2021

Various types of hemoglobin (Hb)‐based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been developed as red blood cell substitutes for treating blood loss when blood is not available. Among those HBOCs, glutaraldehyde polymerized Hbs have attracted significant attention due to their facile synthetic route, and ability to expand the blood volume and deliver oxygen. Hemopure®, Oxyglobin®, and PolyHeme® are the most well‐known commercially developed glutaraldehyde polymerized Hbs. Unfortunately, only Oxyglobin® was approved by the FDA for veterinary use in the United States, while Hemopure® and PolyHeme® failed phase III clinical trials due to their ability to extravasate from the blood volume into the tissue space which facilitated nitric oxide scavenging and tissue deposition of iron, which elicited vasoconstriction, hypertension and oxidative tissue injury. Fortunately, conjugation of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) on the surface of Hb is capable of reducing the vasoactivity of Hb by creating a hydration layer surrounding the Hb molecule, which increases its hydrodynamic diameter and reduces tissue extravasation. Several commercial PEGylated Hbs (MP4®, Sanguinate®, Euro‐PEG‐Hb) have been developed for clinical use with a longer circulatory half‐life and improved safety compared to Hb. However, all of these commercial products exhibited relatively high oxygen affinity compared to Hb, which limited their clinical use. To dually address the limitations of prior generations of polymerized and PEGylated Hbs, this current study describes the PEGylation of polymerized bovine Hb (PEG‐PolybHb) in both the tense (T) and relaxed (R) quaternary state via thiol‐maleimide chemistry to produce an HBOC with low or high oxygen affinity. The biophysical properties of PEG‐PolybHb were measured and compared with those of commercial polymerized and PEGylated HBOCs. T‐state PEG‐PolybHb possessed higher hydrodynamic volume and P50 than previous generations of commercial PEGylated Hbs. Both T‐ and R‐state PEG‐PolybHb exhibited significantly lower haptoglobin binding rates than the precursor PolybHb, indicating potentially reduced clearance by CD163 + monocytes and macrophages. Thus, T‐state PEG‐PolybHb is expected to function as a promising HBOC due to its low oxygen affinity and enhanced stealth properties afforded by the PEG hydration shell.
A microwave‐assisted synthetic approach to analyzing disubstituted pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine diversity via ligand‐free Cu‐catalyzed N‐arylation
Authors: Hong Chang Sung , Park Seung Yeong , Byeon Jeong Seob , Yum Eul Kgun
Published: October 2021

Facile introduction of diverse substituents to 2‐ or 4‐chloro‐7H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines was examined with microwave‐assisted nucleophilic substitution and Cu‐catalyzed N‐arylation. Microwave‐assisted Cu‐catalyzed N‐arylation of pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines with various nucleophiles proceeded very well with diverse heteroaryl halides. Sequential microwave‐assisted substitution provided good to excellent yields of 2,7‐ or 4,7‐disubstituted pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines, with short reaction times and energy savings compared with conventional thermal heating. The diverse pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives are useful for screening drug candidates for various diseases.
Nonionic fluorosurfactant as a cathode interfacial layer for organic solar cells
Authors: Lee Jinho
Published: October 2021

Nonionic fluorosurfactants (NFSs) were first used as the cathode interfacial layer (CIL) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Commercially available NFSs, FS‐31, and Zonyl FS‐300 possess both hydrophilic part of ethylene glycol chains and hydrophobic part of fluoroalkyl chains, which endows NFSs with amphiphilic nature and thus significantly improves processability regardless of underlying surface conditions. In addition, NFSs spontaneously forms an interfacial dipole layer at the cathode interface to reduce the energetic barrier between the photoactive layer and cathode. The strength of the dipole moment is affected by the ratio of carbon to fluorine in the molecular structure of NFSs. Benefiting from the improved anode contact properties, the OSCs with high performing fullerene‐based photoactive materials and NFS CILs exhibited high‐power conversion efficiency of 9.1%, which is higher than that of the devices without CIL (6.6%).
Stress, coping, resilience, and sleep during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A representative survey study of US adults
Authors: Gargiulo Andrew T. , Peterson Laurel M. , Grafe Laura A.
Published: October 2021

Introduction

The COVID‐19 pandemic is a global health emergency resulting in widespread death and substantial disruption to daily life. Previous research has shown that novel disease outbreaks are associated with high stress levels and sleep impairments that lead to neuropsychiatric consequences. Therefore, it is vital to study both stress and protective factors such as coping and resilience that may hinder or help sleep quality during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Further, as gender disparities exist in sleep quality, it is important to understand the relationship between pandemic‐related stress, coping strategies, resilience, and sleep in bothgenders during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

Our study examined how gender, stress, coping, and resilience were associated with sleep cross‐sectionally during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a representative sample of US adults (N = 393).

Results

Consistent with many recent studies, we found that worsened sleep quality in women compared to men persisted during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Interestingly, pandemic‐related stress was not significantly associated with sleep quality, but pandemicrelated coping was associated with sleep independent of robust controls and trait resilience.

Conclusions

Greater primary control engagement coping was associated with better sleep quality, while involuntary engagement coping was associated with poor sleep quality. Future research should extend the findings with actigraphy and explore ways to enhance beneficial coping and sleep health during pandemics.
Acute porphyrias – A neurological perspective
Authors: Gerischer Lea M. , Scheibe Franziska , Nümann Astrid , Köhnlein Martin , Stölzel Ulrich , Meisel Andreas
Published: October 2021

Acute hepatic porphyrias (AHP) can cause severe neurological symptoms involving the central, autonomic, and peripheral nervous system. Due to their relative rarity and their chameleon‐like presentation, delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis are common. AHPs are genetically inherited disorders that result from heme biosynthesis enzyme deficiencies and comprise four forms: acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), variegate porphyria (VP), hereditary coproporphyria (HCP), and ALA‐dehydratase porphyria (ALADP). Depending on the clinical presentation, the main differential diagnoses are Guillain‐Barré syndrome and autoimmune encephalitis. Red flags that could raise the suspicion of acute porphyria are neurological symptoms starting after severe (abdominal) pain, in association with reddish urine, hyponatremia or photodermatitis, and the presence of encephalopathy and/or axonal neuropathy. We highlight the diagnostic difficulties by presenting three cases from our neurological intensive care unit and give a comprehensive overview about the diagnostic findings in imaging, electrophysiology, and neuropathology.
Linkage of blockchain to enterprise resource planning systems for improving sustainable performance
Authors: Sislian Lucie , Jaegler Anicia
Published: October 2021

The present article analyzes the use of enterprise resources planning (ERP) packages to be part of the solution for the main issues related to the blockchain. ERP modules have been listed and tested against seven propositions, to check the ability to better use ERP for solving blockchain concerns. The research is based on the previous study of Saberi et al. (2019; 10.1080/00207543.2018.1533261) about the relationship between sustainable supply chain management and blockchain. We use structural equation modeling (SEM) to check the validity of the propositions. Based on the results, we propose recommendations for companies to sustainably improve their supply chain strategy with the use of blockchain, along with ERP modules. The results show that the selected companies would benefit from ERP and blockchain technology integration, as they both improve their sustainable corporate performance and integrate them more successfully in the supply chain. ERP and blockchain are to be used together to approach today's challenges and better prepare companies for the uncertain future.
High‐dose vitamin D metabolite delivery inhibits breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Liu Jiaye , Shen Junyi , Mu Chunyang , Liu Yang , He Dongsheng , Luo Han , Wu Wenshuang , Zheng Xun , Liu Yi , Chen Sunrui , Pan Qiuwei , Hu Yiguo , Ni Yinyun , Wang Yang , Liu Yong , Li Zhihui
Published: October 2021

Besides its well‐known benefits on human health, calcitriol, the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, has been being evaluated in clinical trials as an anticancer agent. However, currently available results are contradictory and not fundamentally deciphered. To the best of our knowledge, hypercalcemia caused by high‐dose calcitriol administration and its low bioavailability limit its anticancer investigations and translations. Here, we show that the one‐step self‐assembly of calcitriol and amphiphilic cholesterol‐based conjugates leads to the formation of a stable minimalist micellar nanosystem. When administered to mice, this nanosystem demonstrates high calcitriol doses in breast tumor cells, significant tumor growth inhibition and antimetastasis capability, as well as good biocompatibility. We further reveal that the underlying molecular antimetastatic mechanisms involve downregulation of proteins facilitating metastasis and upregulation of paxillin, the key protein of focal adhesion, in primary tumors.
A gamification strategy in engineering education—A case study on motivation and engagement
Authors: Gamarra Margarita , Dominguez Anderson , Velazquez Jhonnys , Páez Heyder
Published: October 2021

Classical teaching–learning methods have been widely used in higher education. However, current teaching and evaluation methodologies are incorporating dynamic techniques that allow greater student participation in the learning process. It is essential that the classic model of education adapts to the changes in society and uses proper tools to encourage motivation in the education process. Gamification approaches generate motivation in the students and can lead to enhance the learning processes and outcomes. These strategies offer an alternative that is being used increasingly in higher education. Therefore, in this study, we developed a gamification strategy to generate motivation and engagement in engineering students. The strategy is applied in different courses and both in traditional and remote modalities. The validation of the proposal was carried out through a diagnostic tool in the form of a survey applied to the students of the courses where the gamified strategies were implemented. From these results we concluded that the gamified strategy helped to increase the motivation and engagement of the students, generating greater participation in the academic activities.
Refactoring‐based learning for fine‐grained lock in concurrent programming course
Authors: Zhang Yang
Published: October 2021

Fine‐grained lock is frequently used to mitigate lock contention in the multithreaded program running on a shared‐memory multicore processor. However, a concurrent program based on the fine‐grained lock is hard to write, especially for beginners in the concurrent programming course. How to help participants learn fine‐grained lock has become increasingly important and urgent. To this end, this paper presents a novel refactoring‐based approach to enhance the learning effectiveness of fine‐grained locks. Two refactoring tools are introduced to provide illustrating examples for participants by converting original coarse‐grained locks into fine‐grained ones automatically. Learning effectiveness and limitations are discussed when refactoring tools are applied. We evaluate students' outcomes with two benchmarks and compare their performance in Fall 2018 with those in Fall 2019. We also conduct experiments on students' outcomes by dividing them into two groups (A and B) in a controlled classroom where participants in group A learn the fine‐grained locks with the help of refactoring tools while those in group B do not access these tools. Evaluation of the results when they have been taught with the refactoring‐based approach reveals a significant improvement in the students' learning.
Progression‐free survival assessed per immune‐related or conventional response criteria, which is the better surrogate endpoint for overall survival in trials of immune‐checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Guang‐Li , Yang Kai‐Bin , Tang Si‐Qi , Peng Liang
Published: October 2021

Progression‐free survival (PFS) has been used as a surrogate endpoint for overall survival (OS) in lung cancer trials. The pattern of response to immune‐checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) differs from that to conventional chemotherapy, so immune‐related response evaluation criteria were proposed. This study aims at determining which PFS measure, PFS assessed per immune‐related response evaluation criteria (iPFS), or conventional criteria (cPFS), is the better surrogate endpoint for OS in trials of ICIs in lung cancer. We selected clinical trials in lung cancer that administered ICIs to at least one arm and reported both median OS and median PFS from PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library. We compared the correlation between treatment effect (hazard ratio) on OS and cPFS or iPFS and the correlation between median OS and median cPFS or iPFS using weighted linear regression at trial level. We analyzed 78 ICI arms (13,438 patients) from 54 studies, including 66 arms with cPFS, seven arms with iPFS, and five arms with both kinds of PFS. We demonstrated an excellent correlation between treatment effect (hazard ratio) on OS and iPFS (RWLS2 = 0.91), while the correlation was moderate for cPFS (RWLS2 = 0.38). Similarly, the correlation between median OS and median iPFS was also strong (RWLS2 ranging from 0.86 to 0.96) across different phases of trials and different types of lung cancer, ICI, and treatment modalities, while it was much weaker for median cPFS (RWLS2 ranging from 0.28 to 0.88). In conclusion, iPFS provides better trial‐level surrogacy for OS than cPFS in trials of ICIs in lung cancer.
Prognostic impact of hepatitis B virus infection in patients with primary cervical cancer
Authors: Feng Xiaoyan , Lu Huaiwu , Wei Yuan , Guan Meimei , Wang Junyi , Liu Changhao , Shen Tianran , Chen Qingsong , Rao Qunxian
Published: October 2021

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been associated with an increased risk of a few malignancies. However, the prognostic impact of HBV infection remains unclear in cervical cancer.

Objective

To explore the association between HBV infection and survival outcomes of patients with primary cervical cancer, using overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) as primary endpoints.

Methods

This analysis was performed retrospectively with newly diagnosed cervical cancer patients admitted to the Department of Gynecologic Oncology at the Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University from June 2013 to October 2019, who were enrolled and followed up. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard analysis were used to examine the performance of HBV infection in predicting OS and DFS.

Results

Patients were followed up for a median of 37.17 months (95% CI, 34.69–39.65). Among the 695 patients, 87 (12.5%) were serologically positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and 276 (39.7%) had a prior history of HBV infection. There was no significant difference between HBsAg‐positive group and HBsAg‐negative patients concerning OS or DFS. Multivariate analysis showed prior HBV infection was an independent favorable prognosticator for OS (HR, 0.335; 95% CI, 0.153–0.0.734; p = 0.006) and DFS (HR, 0.398; 95% CI, 0.208–0.691; p = 0.002).

Conclusion

We provide the first clinical evidence that suggests prior HBV infection as an independent favorable prognostic factor for patients with primary cervical cancer.
The difference in prolonged continuous and intermittent Pringle maneuver during complex hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with chronic liver disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Jianwei , Wang Wei , Shi Chunchao , Li Chenqi , Xue Feng , Hu Lei , Wang Yi , Ge Ruiliang
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To explore the differences between prolonged continuous Pringle maneuver (CPM) and prolonged intermittent Pringle maneuver (IPM) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), who underwent complex hepatectomy.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study performed between June 2014 and May 2016 included 142 patients who underwent complex hepatectomy for HCC and concomitant chronic liver disease but with good liver function. Patients were categorized into CPM (n = 69) and IPM groups (n = 73). The differences in these aspects were compared between the two groups which include operation time, intraoperative bleeding, perioperative transfusion, postoperative complications, liver function injury, postoperative overall survival (OS), and tumor recurrence.

Results

The cumulative clamping time, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, and perioperative transfusion rates were 38.0, 132 min, 300 ml, and 17.4% in CPM and 40.0, 145 min, 400 ml, and 32.9% in IPM, respectively. There were significant intergroup differences in operation time (p = 0.018), intraoperative bleeding (p < 0.001), and perioperative transfusion rates (p = 0.034). Besides, the postoperative complications and postoperative liver function injury of the CPM group were better than those of IPM. There was no significant intergroup difference in OS (p = 0.908) and tumor recurrence (p = 0.671) between two groups.

Conclusion

Compared with IPM, CPM with a cumulative clamping time between 30 and 50 min can shorten operation time, reduce intraoperative bleeding and perioperative transfusion, and reduce postoperative complications and postoperative liver function injury in patients who underwent complex hepatectomy for HCC and concomitant liver disease but with good liver function. There was no significant difference in OS and tumor recurrence between two groups.
Engineering of a Plant Isoprenyl Diphosphate Synthase for Development of Irregular Coupling Activity
Authors: Gerasymenko Iryna , Sheludko Yuriy V. , Navarro Fuertes Ismael , Schmidts Volker , Steinel Lara , Haumann Elisabeth , Warzecha Heribert
Published: October 2021

We performed mutagenesis on a regular isoprenyl diphosphate synthase (IDS), neryl diphosphate synthase from Solanum lycopersicum (SlNPPS), that has a structurally related analogue performing non‐head‐to‐tail coupling of two dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) units, lavandulyl diphosphate synthase from Lavandula x intermedia (LiLPPS). Wild‐type SlNPPS catalyses regular coupling of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and DMAPP in cis‐orientation resulting in the formation of neryl diphosphate. However, if the enzyme is fed with DMAPP only, it is able to catalyse the coupling of two DMAPP units and synthesizes two irregular monoterpene diphosphates; their structures were elucidated by the NMR analysis of their dephosphorylation products. One of the alcohols is lavandulol. The second compound is the trans‐isomer of planococcol, the first example of an irregular cyclobutane monoterpene with this stereochemical configuration. The irregular activity of SlNPPS constitutes 0.4 % of its regular activity and is revealed only if the enzyme is supplied with DMAPP in the absence of IPP. The exchange of asparagine 88 for histidine considerably enhanced the non‐head‐to‐tail coupling. While still only observed in the absence of IPP, irregular activity of the mutant reaches 13.1 % of its regular activity. The obtained results prove that regular IDS are promising starting points for protein engineering aiming at the development of irregular activities and leading to novel monoterpene structures.
Heterogeneous Base‐Catalyzed Conversion of Glycolaldehyde to Aldotetroses: Mechanistic and Kinetic Insight
Authors: Barsøe Linette Rønn , Saravanamurugan Shunmugavel , Taarning Esben , Espin Juan Salvador Martinez , Meier Sebastian
Published: October 2021

Recent strides towards greater sustainability in materials and energy production have led to a resurgence in the study and utilization of carbohydrates. Opposite to C6 and C5 carbohydrates, C4 carbohydrates (tetroses) are much less accessible from biological sources. A promising approach for the production of C4 carbohydrates is the cracking of C6 carbohydrates to C2 fragments, and the subsequent combination of two C2 fragments to tetroses. Here, we show that the suitable choice of reaction conditions can kinetically stabilize the rare aldotetroses threose (THR) and erythrose (ERY). The latter approach yields THR and ERY at high selectivity under benign conditions, using commercial resins with tertiary amine groups as the catalyst. Isotope incorporation into GA in D2O solvent is introduced as a reference reaction to probe the competitive formation of aldotetroses and deuterated GA from a low‐populated, not directly detected enediol intermediate that is formed in the rate‐determining step. Reaction progress tracked in situ by NMR and ex situ by chromatography validates that the overall conversion is of first order with respect to GA due to the slow initial enolization. Cyclization of the aldotetroses slows their further conversion to thermodynamically more stable erythrulose and C6 sugars.
Withdrawn: Großformatige Glastüren in Erdbebengebieten
Authors: Engelmann Michael , Schumacher Helmut , Schwenkkreis Stephan
Published: October 2021

Engelmann, M., Schumacher, H. and Schwenkkreis, S. (2021), Großformatige Glastüren in Erdbebengebieten, ce/papers, 4: 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/cepa.1240

The above article fromthe ce/papers, published online on 19 October 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been withdrawn from online publication by agreement between the authors, the journal's Editor‐in‐Chief, Dr.‐Ing. Dirk Jesse, and Ernst & Sohn GmbH. This action has been agreed due to an error at the publishers that resulted in the publication of an online version of the paper without appropriate permissions. The article remains available in print form inWeller, B.; Tasche, S. [eds.] (2020) Glasbau 2020. Berlin: Ernst & Sohn. ISBN: 978‐3‐433‐03291‐6.
Vereinfachte rechnerische Last‐Verformungsvorhersage von Klebfugen mit hyperelastischem Verhalten im Konstruktiven Glasbau
Authors: Richter Carl , Abeln Björn , Schaaf Benjamin , Feldmann Markus
Published: October 2021

Geklebte Verbindungen haben im Konstruktiven Glasbau ein großes Anwendungspotential. Allerdings sind die Vorbehalte gegenüber einem tragenden Einsatz aufgrund der fehlenden Kenntnis des Tragverhaltens noch groß. Zwar ist die Abhängigkeit des Materialverhaltens vom vorherrschenden Spannungszustand neben den Einflüssen aus Temperatur, Belastungsgeschwindigkeit und Belastungsgeschichte prinzipiell geklärt, bisher aber nur schwer quantifizierbar. In diesem Beitrag sollen unter klarer Definition der Randbedingungen die Möglichkeiten einer rechnerischen Prognose vorgestellt werden. Über FEM‐Einheitszellenberechnungen mit dem Ogden‐Modell werden über die Spannungsmehrachsigkeit klebstoffspezifische Steifigkeitsortskurven abgeleitet. Der Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit Versuchen ergibt überaus zufriedenstellende Übereinstimmungen.

Simplified calculated load‐deformation prediction of adhesive joints with hyperelastic behaviour in glass construction. Bonded joints have great application potential in structural glass construction. However, there are still major reservations against a load‐bearing application due to the lack of knowledge of the load‐bearing behaviour. Although the dependence of the material behaviour on the prevailing stress state in addition to the influences of temperature, load speed and load history has been clarified in principle, it has been difficult to quantify it to date. In this paper the possibilities of a computational prognosis shall be presented under clear definition of the boundary conditions. Using FEM unit cell calculations with the Ogden model, adhesive‐specific stiffness location curves are derived via the stress multiaxiality. The comparison of the results with tests results in very satisfactory similarities.
Belastbarkeit von Flachglas in Abhängigkeit der Oberflächenbehandlung
Authors: Rist Tobias , Kott Alexander , Kleer Günter
Published: October 2021

Die Oberflächenveredelung von Gläsern spielt bei technischen Anwendungen eine wichtige Rolle. In Form von dünnen Sputterschichten oder als dickere gedruckte Schichten können Funktionen wie Reflexion von Infrarot‐Licht, elektrische Leitfähigkeit, gezielte Farbgebung oder die Funktion als Lotwerkstoff für Fügeprozesse eingebracht werden. Durch Kombinationen von definiert strukturierten Schichten lassen sich Solarmodule aufbauen. In dieser Arbeit werden die Belastbarkeiten von Glasproben mit unterschiedlichen Oberflächenveredelungen im Doppelringbiegeversuch untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen deutliche Unterschiede in der Belastbarkeit je nach Oberflächenbehandlung und liefern wertvolle Erkenntnisse für die Auslegung von Glaskomponenten.

Load capacity of flat glass depending on the surface treatment. The surface refinement of glass plays an important role in technical applications. In the form of thin sputter layers or thicker printed layers, functions such as reflection of infrared light, electrical conductivity, targeted colouring or the function as solder material for joining processes can be introduced. Solar modules can be built by combining defined structured layers. In this thesis, investigations are carried out to determine the loading capacity of glass samples with different surface finishes in the double ring bending test. The results show clear differences in the load‐bearing capacity from the original glass to glass with refinement. When designing glass components, the respective load‐bearing capacity must be taken into account.
Multiple Regulation Effects of Ammonium Acetate on ZnO Growth Process in Chemical Bath Deposition
Authors: Liu Gen , Yu Xue , Xu Rui , Zhu Xiaodong , Ma Yanqing , Ma Lei
Published: October 2021

Chemical bath deposition method has been used to synthesize a variety of ZnO morphology structures. However, the specificity and interaction of acetate and ammonium ions with ZnO crystal during the growth process remain elusive. This study contributes to understand the roles of ammonium acetate on the growth mechanism of ZnO in Zn(NO3)2‐HMTA system. The growth process indicates that the nucleation experienced Zn2+‐layered basic zinc salts (LBZs)‐ZnO process, while the self‐assembled unit changed from urchin‐shaped, rod‐shaped to a fully coupled twin‐shaped structure with increasing ammonium acetate concentration. Ammonium acetate dominates the growth process by combing the ligand‐ligand interaction of acetate ions binding to the same Zn‐rich (0001) polar surface and ammonium ions regulating hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) hydrolysis. Relatively regular hexagonal wurtzite structure and a dissolve‐renucleation‐regrowth process which retains the twin‐shaped template and renucleates at the same position are observed at ∼10 mM ammonium acetate. Photoelectrochemistry (PEC) measurements show that the uniform hexagonal ZnO rods (Y‐10, the sample named as Y‐x (x represents x mM ammonium acetate, herein, x is 10 mM)) have a maximum photocurrent density of 1.54 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V (vs. RHE), much higher than that of the dumbbell‐shaped ZnO rods (Y‐50, 0.20 mA cm−2) at the same voltage. These results provide a further explanation of morphology regulation mechanisms on ZnO synthesis processes and pave the road for more practical applications.
Rh(I)/(III)‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Effect of Steric Confinement Upon Immobilization on Regio‐ and Stereoselectivity in the Hydrosilylation of Alkynes
Authors: Panyam Pradeep K. R. , Atwi Boshra , Ziegler Felix , Frey Wolfgang , Nowakowski Michal , Bauer Matthias , Buchmeiser Michael R.
Published: October 2021

Rh(I) NHC and Rh(III) Cp* NHC complexes (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene=pyrid‐2‐ylimidazol‐2‐ylidene (Py−Im), thiophen‐2‐ylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) are presented. Selected catalysts were selectively immobilized inside the mesopores of SBA‐15 with average pore diameters of 5.0 and 6.2 nm. Together with their homogenous progenitors, the immobilized catalysts were used in the hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes. For aromatic alkynes, both the neutral and cationic Rh(I) complexes showed excellent reactivity with exclusive formation of the β(E)‐isomer. For aliphatic alkynes, however, selectivity of the Rh(I) complexes was low. By contrast, the neutral and cationic Rh(III) Cp* NHC complexes proved to be highly regio‐ and stereoselective catalysts, allowing for the formation of the thermodynamically less stable β‐(Z)‐vinylsilane isomers at room temperature. Notably, the SBA‐15 immobilized Rh(I) catalysts, in which the pore walls provide an additional confinement, showed excellent β‐(Z)‐selectivity in the hydrosilylation of aliphatic alkynes, too. Also, in the case of 4‐aminophenylacetylene, selective formation of the β(Z)‐isomer was observed with a neutral SBA‐15 supported Rh(III) Cp* NHC complex but not with its homogenous counterpart. These are the first examples of high β(Z)‐selectivity in the hydrosilylation of alkynes by confinement generated upon immobilization inside mesoporous silica.
Formation of Stable NiIII N‐Confused Porphyrins Aided by a 3‐Ethoxy Group
Authors: He Huowang , Ye Zongren , Shimizu Daiki , Sumra Idrees , Zhang Yihuan , Liang Zhengyu , Zeng Yingyu , Xu Ling , Osuka Atsuhiro , Ke Zhuofeng , Jiang Hua‐Wei
Published: October 2021

We report the synthesis, characterization, and reactivities of two stable NiIII N‐confused porphyrin (NCP) complexes. Metalation of 3‐OEt NCP 1 with NiCl2 ⋅ 6H2O in CHCl3/EtOH gave 3‐OEt NiII NCP 3 initially, which was easily oxidized in air to form the NiIII complex of NCP inner C‐oxide 4. Bis‐ethoxy‐modified NiIII complex 5 was synthesized by oxidation of 3 with PIFA in ethanol and CHCl3. The structures of 4 and 5 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. An unusually long NiIII−C bond (2.170(9) Å) was observed in 4. The g‐factor (g>2.1) observed in the EPR spectra of 4 and 5 further confirmed that they are paramagnetic NiIII complexes. Comparative experiments showed that the 3‐ethoxy group plays an important role in the formation of 4 and 5. Reduction of 4 and 5 with NaBH4 regenerated complex 3.
On the Reduction of MoO3 to MoO2: A Path to Control the Particle Size and Morphology
Authors: Zoller Michael , O'Sullivan Michael , Huppertz Hubert
Published: October 2021

During the reduction of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) to metallic molybdenum, the first reduction step yielding molybdenum dioxide as an intermediary product is of crucial importance. In this study, we examined the impact of the parameters reduction temperature, water influx, and potassium content on the hydrogen reduction of this first reaction step. Beginning from the same starting material, the chemical vapor transport mechanism was utilized to yield the phase pure MoO2. Analyses including powder X‐ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and high performance optical microscopy were performed on the product phases. Modulations of the specific surface areas of molybdenum dioxide ranging from 2.28 to 0.41 m2/g were possible. Furthermore, a distinct shift from small plate‐like grains to cuboid‐like forms was achieved.
Cooperative Effects in Heterometallic Complexes
Authors: Prosenc Marc H. , Kappes Manfred M. , Niedner‐Schatteburg Gereon
Published: October 2021

3MET: In this Guest Editorial, M. H. Prosenc, M. M. Kappes, and G. Niedner‐Schatteburg, present the latest work from the transregional collaborative research center 3MET.de founded in 2009 and located at the TU Kaiserslautern (TUK) and at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).
Industrielle Ressourcenstrategien für eine zirkuläre Wirtschaft
Authors: Kühne Christian
Published: October 2021

No abstract.
An alert system for Seasonal Fire probability forecast for South American Protected Areas
Authors: Anderson Liana O. , Burton Chantelle , dos Reis João B. C. , Pessôa Ana Carolina M. , Bett Philip , Carvalho Nathália S. , Junior Celso H. L. Silva , Williams Karina , Selaya Galia , Armenteras Dolors , Bilbao Bibiana A. , Xaud Haron A. M. , Rivera‐Lombardi Roberto , Ferreira Joice , Aragão Luiz E. O. C. , Jones Chris D. , Wiltshire Andrew J.
Published: October 2021

Timely spatially explicit warning of areas with high fire occurrence probability is an important component of strategic plans to prevent and monitor fires within South American (SA) Protected Areas (PAs). In this study, we present a five‐level alert system, which combines both climatological and anthropogenic factors, the two main drivers of fires in SA. The alert levels are: High Alert, Alert, Attention, Observation and Low Probability. The trend in the number of active fires over the past three years and the accumulated number of active fires over the same period were used as indicators of intensification of human use of fire in that region, possibly associated with ongoing land use/land cover change (LULCC). An ensemble of temperature and precipitation gridded output from the GloSea5 Seasonal Forecast System was used to indicate an enhanced probability of hot and dry weather conditions that combined with LULCC favour fire occurrences. Alerts from this system were first issued in August 2020, for the period ranging from August to October (ASO) 2020. Overall, 50% of all fires observed during the ASO 2017–2019 period and 40% of the ASO 2020 fires occurred in only 29 PAs were all categorized in the top two alert levels. In categories mapped as High Alert level, 34% of the PAs experienced an increase in fires compared with the 2017–2019 reference period, and 81% of the High Alert false alarm registered fire occurrence above the median. Initial feedback from stakeholders indicates that these alerts were used to inform resource management in some PAs. We expect that these forecasts can provide continuous information aiming at changing societal perceptions of fire use and consequently subsidize strategic planning and mitigatory actions, focusing on timely responses to a disaster risk management strategy. Further research must focus on the model improvement and knowledge translation to stakeholders.
Cancer health self‐efficacy improvement in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Leach Corinne R. , Hudson Shawna V. , Diefenbach Michael A. , Wiseman Kara P. , Sanders Amy , Coa Kisha , Chantaprasopsuk Sicha , Stephens Robert L. , Alfano Catherine M.
Published: October 2021

Background

eHealth interventions can help cancer survivors self‐manage their health outside the clinic. Little is known about how best to engage and assist survivors across the age and cancer treatment spectra.

Methods

The American Cancer Society conducted a randomized controlled trial that assessed efficacy of, and engagement with, Springboard Beyond Cancer, an eHealth self‐management program for cancer survivors. Intent‐to treat analyses assessed effects of intervention engagement for treatment (on‐treatment vs completed) overall (n = 176; 88 control, 88 intervention arm) and separately by age (<60 years vs older). Multiple imputation was used to account for participants who were lost to follow‐up (n = 41) or missing self‐efficacy data (n = 1) at 3 months follow‐up.

Results

Self‐efficacy for managing cancer, the primary outcome of this trial, increased significantly within the intervention arm and for those who had completed treatment (Cohen's d = 0.26, 0.31, respectively). Additionally, participants with moderate‐to‐high engagement in the text and/or web intervention (n = 30) had a significantly greater self‐efficacy for managing cancer‐related issues compared to the control group (n = 68), with a medium effect size (Cohen's d = 0.44). Self‐efficacy did not differ between the intervention and control arm at 3 months post‐baseline.

Conclusions

Study results suggest that cancer survivors benefit variably from eHealth tools. To maximize effects of such tools, it is imperative to tailor information to a priori identified survivor subgroups and increase engagement efforts.
Treatment patterns and outcomes of palliative systemic therapy in patients with salivary duct carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified
Authors: Sousa Luana G. , Wang Kaiwen , Torman Danice , Binks Bailee J. , Rubin Maria Laura , Andersen Clark R. , Lewis Whitney E. , Rivera Melvin J. , Kaya Diana , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Esmaeli Bita , Frank Steven J. , Bell Diana , Glisson Bonnie S. , Rodon Jordi , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Lee J. Jack , Ferrarotto Renata
Published: October 2021

Background

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) and adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (adeno‐NOS), are rare salivary gland cancers. Data on the efficacy of systemic therapy for these diseases are limited.

Methods

Data were retrospectively collected from patients seen at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center during 1990 to 2020. Objective response rate (ORR) was assessed per RECIST v1.1. Recurrence‐free survival (RFS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed by Kaplan‐Meier method. Cox regression model was performed to identify predictors of survival.

Results

The analysis included 200 patients (110 with SDC and 90 with adeno‐NOS); 77% had androgen‐receptor‐positive tumors and 47% had HER2‐positive (2+‐3+) tumors. Most patients without metastasis at diagnosis underwent surgery (98%) and postoperative radiotherapy (87%). Recurrence rate was 55%, and the median RFS was 2 years. Nodal involvement and positive surgical margins were associated with recurrence (P < .005). Among patients with stage IVA‐B disease, addition of systemic therapy to local therapy increased OS (P = .049). The most‐used palliative‐systemic‐therapy regimen was platinum doublet ± trastuzumab. For first‐line therapy, the ORR and median PFS were 33% and 5.76 months, respectively, and for second‐line therapy the ORR and median PFS were 25% and 5.3 months, respectively. ORR and PFS were higher with HER2‐targeting agents. Median OS was 5 years overall and 2 years for metastatic disease. Older age and higher stage were associated with worse OS.

Conclusion

Adding systemic therapy to local therapy may improve outcomes of patients with locoregionally advanced SDC or adeno‐NOS. Except for HER2‐targeted therapy, response to palliative systemic therapy is limited. These findings may be used as a benchmark for future drug development.
A self‐learning artificial bee colony algorithm based on reinforcement learning for a flexible job‐shop scheduling problem
Authors: Long Xiaojun , Zhang Jingtao , Qi Xing , Xu Wenlong , Jin Tianguo , Zhou Kai
Published: October 2021

The flexible job‐shop scheduling problem (FJSP) is currently one of the most critical issues in process planning and manufacturing. The FJSP is studied with the goal of achieving the shortest makespan. Recently, some intelligent optimization algorithms have been applied to solve FJSP, but the key parameters of intelligent optimization algorithms cannot be dynamically adjusted during the solution process. Thus, the solutions cannot best meet the needs of production. To solve the problems of slow convergence speed and reaching a local optimum with the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, an improved self‐learning artificial bee colony algorithm (SLABC) based on reinforcement learning (RL) is proposed. In the SLABC algorithm, the number of updated dimensions of the ABC algorithm can be intelligently selected according to the RL algorithm, which improves the convergence speed and accuracy. In addition, a self‐learning model of the SLABC algorithm is constructed and analyzed using Q‐learning as the learning method of the algorithm, and the state determination and reward methods of the RL algorithm are designed and included in the environment of the artificial bee colony algorithm. Finally, this article verifies that SLABC has excellent convergence speed and accuracy in solving FJSP through Brandimarte instances.
A path planning model based on nested regular hexagons using weighted centroid localization
Authors: Karagol Serap , Yildiz Dogan
Published: October 2021

In many wireless sensor network (WSN) applications, the location of a sensor node is crucial for determining where the event or situation of interest occurred. Therefore, localization is one of the critical challenges in WSNs. Mobile anchor node assisted localization (MANAL) is one of the promising solutions for the localization of statically deployed sensors. The main problem in MANAL localization is that the path planning of the mobile anchor (MA) node should be done so that the localization error in the network will be minimal and that all unknown nodes in the network are covered. This paper proposes a new path planning approach called nested hexagons curves (NHexCurves) for MANAL. NHexCurves guarantees that it will receive messages from at least three non‐collinear anchors to locate all unknown nodes in the network. The proposed model has compared six different path planning schemes in the literature using weighted centroid localization (WCL). In these comparisons, first of all, localization errors of the models are compared using some statistical concepts. Second, the variation of the localization error according to parameters such as resolution (R) and the standard deviation of noise (σ) is observed. Then, with similar approaches, the standard deviation of errors, localization ratio, scalability performances, and finally, path lengths of the models are examined. The simulation results show that the NHexCurves static path planning model proposed in this study stands out compared to other models with high localization error and localization ratio performance, especially at low resolutions, due to its path design. At the same time, the lowest error values according to σ are obtained with the proposed model among all models considered.
Generation of a new six1‐null line in Xenopus tropicalis for study of development and congenital disease
Authors: Coppenrath Kelsey , Tavares Andre L. P. , Shaidani Nikko‐Ideen , Wlizla Marcin , Moody Sally A. , Horb Marko
Published: October 2021

The vertebrate Six (Sine oculis homeobox) family of homeodomain transcription factors plays critical roles in the development of several organs. Six1 plays a central role in cranial placode development, including the precursor tissues of the inner ear, as well as other cranial sensory organs and the kidney. In humans, mutations in SIX1 underlie some cases of Branchio‐oto‐renal (BOR) syndrome, which is characterized by moderate‐to‐severe hearing loss. We utilized CRISPR/Cas9 technology to establish a six1 mutant line in Xenopus tropicalis that is available to the research community. We demonstrate that at larval stages, the six1‐null animals show severe disruptions in gene expression of putative Six1 target genes in the otic vesicle, cranial ganglia, branchial arch, and neural tube. At tadpole stages, six1‐null animals display dysmorphic Meckel's, ceratohyal, and otic capsule cartilage morphology. This mutant line will be of value for the study of the development of several organs as well as congenital syndromes that involve these tissues.