bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge in (Trans)Training and the Role of Experts: Curricula, Mathematics Education and Teacher Training, 1920-2020
Authors: Valente Wagner Rodrigues , Almeida André Francisco de , Silva Marylúcia Cavalcante
Published: September 2020

Background: Mathematics for basic and elementary schools and teacher education changes over time; and their official expression is given by these documents that guide teaching work in schools. Objective: What processes and dynamics are involved in the systematisation of new knowledge in the production of curriculum references? In particular, the text focuses on mathematics for the first school years. Design: The analysis of curricular reforms, considering official documents, prioritises the role of specialists, treated as experts, considering that following the actions of these researchers it may be possible to answer the main question of the study. Results: Analysis shows that the changes that have occurred over time, from teaching programs to the current BNCC, are linked to the progressive stratification of experts who go from being a highly visible public authority to an increasing set of representatives from different social segments interested in the curricular debate. Conclusions: This stratification makes it more difficult to locate those specialists responsible for the internal organisation of the proposals with regard to teaching objects, the content of mathematics to be present in teaching and teacher training.
Intracanalicular vestibular schwannomas. Observation, radiosurgery or microsurgery – what to choose?
Authors: Ilyalov S. R. , Golanov A. V. , Banov S. M.
Published: September 2020

The review examines the epidemiology of vestibular schwannomas (VS), classification, the pathogenesis of the main clinical symptoms of small tumors located in the internal auditory canal (intracanalicular), the principles of diagnosis and various treatment options. The main directions of curation of patients with intracanalicular VS are analyzed: observation, radiosurgery and microsurgery. The main advantages and disadvantages of the methods used are considered: observation is advisable in the absence of VS growth, with initially safe hearing or with completely lost hearing. Radiosurgery has a high chance of preserving hearing, including functional, and provides control of VS growth in more than 90 %. There is currently insufficient data to recommend microsurgery as the first choice in the treatment of intracanalicular VS.
On the issue of the accuracy and errors of the framelles neuronavigation (overview)
Authors: Lukyanchikov V. A. , Rizhkova E. S. , Damylin I. V.
Published: September 2020

The implementation of the navigational systems in the neurosurgical practice has led to the revision of generally accepted surgical approaches to the neurosurgical pathology, allowing to minimize the interoperative impact on brain tissues and to execute the pre-operative planning of the skin incision and the craniotomy, to determine the optimal trajectory of approaching the brain pathology, preserving the radicality of interventions. However, the use of this technology dictates the observation of many technical nuances in the preoperative and intraoperative periods in order to exclude potential errors at the stage of the registration of a patient and at the early stages of the surgery. Despite this, the brain shift caused by a number of physical, surgical and biological factors is the major error source of navigational systems that neurosurgeons face during the operation which can affect further stages of the operation. The present article contains the overview of the scientific research, the authors of which have tried to explain and give a quantitative assessment of the present phenomenon during all the stages of the operation.
Tactics of surgical treatment of acute brain ischemia caused by atherosclerotic damage of the brachiocephalic arteries
Authors: Lukyanchikov V. A. , Udodov E. V.
Published: September 2020

The study objective is to test tactics of surgical treatment of patients with brachiocephalic artery pathology in the acute stage of ischemic stroke.

Materials and methods. In the period between 01.07.2014 and 31.12.2017 at the Neurosurgery Division of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine and the Neurosurgery Division of the N.A. Semashko Republican Clinical Hospital (Simferopol), 125 surgeries were performed in patients with occlusion and stenosis of the precerebral arteries in the acute stage of ischemic stroke. Carotid endarterectomy was performed in 69 cases, among them 54 were performed by eversion technique, 15 traditionally, in 4 cases sympathectomy of the internal carotid artery (ICA) was performed, in 4 – endarterectomy from the external carotid artery, in 3 – redirection of the ICA, in 2 – ICA prosthesis, in 9 – thrombointimectomy. Extracranial-intracranial bypass anastomosis was performed in patients with acute ICA thrombosis (n = 16) and symptomatic ICA occlusion (n = 22).

Results. Good and moderate results (4–5 points per the Glasgow Outcome Scale) were achieved in 119 (95.2 %) observations. Level of consciousness impairment, evaluations per the NIHSS, Rankin, Rivermead scales, brain ischemia volume, presence of brain hypoperfusion prior to surgery, timetable of surgical intervention, postoperative characteristics of the volumetric blood flow and brain reperfusion characteristics significantly affected treatment results. Total rate of complications and deaths was 4.8 %. In 3 cases, death was caused by myocardial infarction, malignant hyperperfusion with hemorrhagic transformation of the ischemic lesion and repeat stroke.

Conclusion. Surgical treatment of patients with transient ischemic attacks, acute small or completed stroke should be performed as soon as possible: this tactic decreases the risk of repeat ischemic attacks and improves functional outcomes of treatment. In case of crescendo of a transient ischemic attack or progressing stroke, surgical treatment should be postponed and performed 24 hours after stabilization of the patient’s neurological status.
Gunshot wounds of the head in peacetime, with the formation of a delayed carotid-cavernous fistula (case report)
Authors: Prirodov A. V. , Talypov A. E. , Klimov A. B. , Shatokhin T. A. , Grigorievskiy E. D. , Roshchin S. Yu. , Grin A. A. , Matveev P. D.
Published: September 2020

The objective of the article is to present the clinical observation of a gunshot wounds of the head in peacetime, with the formation of a delayed carotid-cavernous fistula.

Clinical case. A patient aged 26 years received a penetrating parabasal single gunshot wound to the head. After transfer to the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine from a local hospital, intima dissection and occlusion of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) were diagnosed. Supraclinoid section of the left ICA, left anterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries were filled from the right ICA through the anterior communicating artery. For prevention of suppurative-septic complications as well as decubitus of the left ICA and development of life-threatening hemorrhages, repeat surgery was performed. Acute subdural hematoma and brain detritus were removed. Using pterional approach, the chiasm and sellar region was accessed. Sequentially the ophthalmic, interpenducular, penducular cisterns, cisterna laminae terminalis and left carotid cistern were dissected. Sequentially the left ophthalmic nerve, left ICA, left choroid arteries were isolated. A metallic foreign object (bullet) located in the medial regions of the larger wing of the sphenoid bone and lateral wall of the cavernous sinus was found and removed. On day 14 after the second surgery, headache became worse, pulsing noise developed in the left part of the head, as well as moderate exophthalmos on the left. Left-hand type A (per the Barrow classification) carotid-cavernous anastomosis with retrograde inflow due to occlusion of the left ICA was diagnosed. Endovascular intervention was performed: separation of the carotid-cavernous anastomosis through retrograde occlusion of the supraclinoid segment of the left ICA with microcoils through contralateral ICA and anterior communicating artery. The patient was discharged at day 30 after hospitalization. Cerebral and meningeal symptoms regressed. Ptosis grade decreased, the left eye started to move.

Conclusion. This abovementioned observation is of interest due to the rarity of such pathology and the possibilities of modern multidisciplinary centers for the diagnosis and treatment of such patients as of this date.
Calculating of Some Exhaust Emission Compounds of Diesel Engine Generators in Sulaimani City Using Energy-Based Approaches.
Authors: Mohammed Karzan , Majid Salih , Aziz Hunar , Hamza Aven , Ismael Karzan
Published: September 2020

In Kurdistan region of Iraq similar to developing countries, diesel engine generators (DEGs) have established themselves as reliable, durable and complementary suppliers to the main national grid of electric power for domestic, industrial, agriculture and commercial sectors. By domestic purpose, the generators are usually placed close to the residents in all the districts of the cities. However, diesel emissions contain numerous compounds that are evidenced to be a threat to humans and have the potential to cause adverse health effects. Furthermore, diesel emissions are particularly a significant hazard to the environment as well as they are significant contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.  In view of the previous reasons, there was an urgent need to evaluate and quantify the exhaust emission of diesel generators by applying energy-based approaches.  Consequently, this study aimed to calculate the exhaust emission compounds of CO2, CO, NOx, SO2, and HC by applying energy-based approaches based on fuel consumption for the past three years of 2013, 2014 and 2015 in Sulaimani city, Kurdistan Region, IRAQ because no previous studies have yet been conducted for this issue. Results indicated that the calculated amounts of the emitted gases had the following increasing trends; CO2 > NOx > SO2 > CO > HC. The percent of domestic source out of the total emission for all investigated gases was in the range of 90.95 to 98.13%. The amount of annual emission for all the investigate gases have increased obviously through the year’s progression of 2013 to 2015 due to the increasing of DEGs numbers and more electric power consumption.
Application of Definite Indices For Assessment of Some Heavy Metals Pollutants in surrounding Soils of Metal Recycling Companies in Sulaimani Governorate
Authors: Hama-Karim Biza , Majid Salih
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to apply some indices assessment methods for heavy metal pollution in the soil as well as to study the variation in physicochemical characteristics of the soil samples taken from different sites around scrap metal recycling companies in the township of Bazian behind Bibijak village, Sulaimani Governorate. Physicochemical parameters results indicated relatively high variation along with the ranges of the specified distances from the companies, directions, and depths as well as between the companies even though the two companies are adjacent to each other. Additionally, correlation analysis approved the significant effect (at p ≤ 0.05) of some soil physicochemical properties on the concentrations of the investigated heavy metals in the studied soils. In general, the concentration of all the investigated metals were mostly higher in surface soils (D1) samples rather than the subsoil (D2) samples at all the distances ranges and directions of the sampling sites. The spatial occurrence of the studied metals followed the order of; Fe > Mn > Ni > Cr >  V > Co, and this may be in a sequence that agrees with the trend of main scrap metals components. Results of the simple Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Fe, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and V indicated that the soil qualities were generally in unpolluted status, but limited sampling sites fell in class one which characterized by uncontaminated to moderately polluted. On the contrary, the comparative integrated pollution load indices (PLI) and Nemerow Pollution Index (PINemerow) showed that most of the studied sampling sites around the scrap metal recycling companies were slightly polluted according to PLI,  but they were in warning limit  (precaution domain) according to PINemerow in consequence of the industrial activity of Sulaimani Steel and Super Steel at all the four main directions, and all distances ranges.
Clinical and histological criteria for sex cord ovarian stromal tumors
Authors: Beishembaev A. М. , Zhordania K. I.
Published: September 2020

Aim: to identify clinical and histological criteria for sex cord ovarian stromal tumors (OSTs).

Materials and Methods. The retrospective non-comparative study was based on the main inclusion such as histologically verified sex cord OSTs. A standard examination algorithm was analyzed (ultrasound, blood tests, CT or MRI of the abdominal and pelvic organs). All clinical data were obtained from patients treated and monitored in clinical units at the Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology and the National Center of Oncology and Hematology of the Kyrgyz Republic.

Results. Data were obtained on the frequency of necrobiotic changes, malignancy, disease stages and their impact on survival in 456 patients. The 10-year survival rate for OSTs patients with vs. without intra-tumor necrobiotic changes was significantly lower (17.2 % and 78.1 %, respectively).

Conclusion. The main factors of unfavorable prognosis in patients with granulosa cell ovarian tumors were disease stage and intra-tumor necrobiotic changes.
Chronic endometritis in patients of reproductive age: individualized treatment capabilities
Authors: Kobaidze E. G.
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs represent one of the lead causes affecting health status in women of childbearing age. The pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic endometritis (CE) have been extensively studied, but many issues remain debatable. This disease manifests in various clinical pictures, including relapsing course, so a need to conduct combination individualized treatment rises no doubts.

Aim: to assess effectiveness of combination individualized therapy of CE.

Materials and Methods. A comprehensive analysis of clinical data was performed in 107 patients with morphologically verified CE, examining microflora composition in the uterus, cervical canal, urinary tract, and intestine by using a wide range of laboratory research methods; assessing cell subset composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes by using immunocytochemistry (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD95+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD95+), measuring level of serum cytokines – interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 8, and interleukin 10. For this, all patients were subdivided into 2 groups: 53 patients (group I, main received treatment according to the original protocol (antibiotics and bacteriophages, immune preparations, herbal medicines), 54 patients (group II, control) received conventional therapy (antibiotics, immunomodulatory drugs, hormones).

Results. It was found that urogenital tract microbiota was profoundly altered in patients with CE, also featured with dysregulated immune system. In addition, associated changes in the leukocyte-lymphocytic arm of the immune system and features of clinical and anamnestic data were obtained, which is important in combination treatment of patients with this pathology. Composition microflora in the vagina, cervical canal and uterine cavity was markedly improved that was confirmed by bacteriology data, vaginal pH value and menstrual function were by 2-fold more often in group 1 vs. group 2. A 12-month follow-up revealed in group 1 no complaints of pelvic pain requiring pain killers, with pronouncedly lowered amount of doctor visits due to inflammatory pathology of the urinary tract additionally confirming effectiveness of individualized treatment.

Conclusion.The data of the study evidence about a need to individualize diagnostic and therapeutic approaches while managing patients with CE. The treatment strategy for patients of childbearing age with CE should be based on minimizing drug aggression, taking into account concomitant pathologies, features of microbiota composition in the genitourinary organs and changes in the immune system. An combination and individualized therapeutic approach provides an opportunity to substantially better results after treatment of CE.
Regarding the evidence-based use of micronized progesterone
Authors: Makatsariya A. D. , Di Renzo G. C. , Rizzo G. , Bitsadze V. O. , Khizroeva J. Kh. , Blinov D. V. , Vovk E. I. , Govorov I. E. , Guryev D. L. , Dikke G. B. , Zainulina M. S. , Zakharova N. S. , Kovalev V. V. , Komlichenko E. V. , Kramarskiy V. A. , Loginov A. B. , Maltseva L. I. , Nemirovskiy V. B. , Ponomarev D. A. , Rudakova E. B. , Samburova N. V. , Serova O. F. , Tetelyutina F. K. , Tretyakova M. V. , Ungiadze J. Yu. , Tsibizova V. I.
Published: September 2020

An issue of habitual miscarriage poses a high social importance especially during COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, healthcareworkers faced a mass media campaign against using micronized progesterone upon habitual miscarriage, which, as viewed by us, displays signs of prejudiced data manipulation and may disorient practitioners. In this Letter we provide objective information on accumulated data regarding gestagenes efficacy and safety. We invoke healthcare professionals to make decisions deserving independent primary source trust presented by original scientific papers published in peer-reviewed journals, clinical recommendations proposed by professional medical communities as well as treatment standards and protocols.
An adsorptive stripping voltammetric study based on disposable pencil graphite sensor for the determination of caffeine in local brand ice tea
Authors: ZEREYKAYA Burçak , ESKİKÖY BAYRAKTEPE Dilek , YAZAN Zehra
Published: September 2020

In this study, voltammetric methods were developed for the quantification of caffeine (CAF) analysis based on a practical, economical, sensitive, and eco-friendly pencil graphite electrode (PGE). Initially, the electrochemical behavior of CAF was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and the results reveal that CAF has an irreversible oxidation signal. The optimum analytical parameters such as, supporting electrolyte, pH, accumulation potential, and accumulation time for the determination of CAF analysis were investigated to develop differential pulse (AdsDPV) and square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetric (AdsSWV) methods. In order to examine the nature of the buffer, Britton Robinson (BR), phosphate buffer (PBS), and 0.1 M H2SO4 solutions were tested in the appropriate pH ranges. The best electrolyte and pH were determined as PBS buffer and pH 1.5. The optimum values for accumulation potentials and times were optimized, and under optimized conditions, the oxidation peak current of CAF was proportional to its concentration. The PGE used exhibited wide linear working range for AdsDPV (2.36-1000 µM) and AdsSWV (3.69-1600 µM) methods with the detection limits of 0.71 µM for AdsDPV and 1.107 µM for AdsSWV. The developed methods were applied to the analysis of CAF in an ice tea beverage sample with acceptable recoveries.
Experience of application of T2-mapping MRI assessment of inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Bogomyakova O. B. , Tavluy M. A. , Savelov A. A.
Published: September 2020

Specialized quantitative MRI techniques allow identifying structural changes in individual muscles in inflammatory myopathies.

Aim. To evaluate the role of T2 mapping MRI and to evaluate specific changes in T2 relaxation time in patients with inflammatory myopathies at different stages of the disease process.

Methods. T2 mapping technique for assessing structural changes in muscle tissues was optimized for the Philips “Ingenia” 3.0T MR scanner. T2 relaxation (T2rt) time of the thigh and lower leg muscles (muscule rectus femoris, m. vastus lateralis, m. adductor magnus, m. soleus, m. tibialis anterior, medial and lateral head of m. gastrocnemius) was assessed in the control group (n = 9) and the study group (n = 6). Patients recruited in the study group suffered from dermatomyositis and polymyositis of various severity.

Results. The following values of T2rt were obtained in the control group: m.rectus femoris – 78.2±6.9 ms, m.vastus lateralis – 79.5±4.8 ms, m.adductor magnus – 77.1±4.4 ms, m. soleus – 92.9±4.3 ms, m. tibialis anterior – 89.4±1.3 ms, m.gastrocnemius medial head – 93.7±2.4 ms, m.gastrocnemius lateral head – 92.9±3.5 ms. Patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis showed an increase in the signal intensity on STIR and PD-SPAIR in the structure of m.soleus, m. gastrocmenius, m.rectus femoris, as well as a significant increase in T2rt of 40–49% (p<0.01). T2rt values did not differ in patients with polymyositis who received drug therapy and had clinical remission. Patients with dermatomyositis who had laboratory remission along with the deterioration reported an increase in T2rt in the structure of long spine muscles, m. rectus femoris and m. vastus lateralis equal to 15–25% (p<0.05). However, none significant changes in the signal characteristics on STIR and PDSPAIR were reported.

Conclusion. The sensitivity of the reported technique in the detection of sub-acute swelling of muscle tissue in the absence of significant changes in signal characteristics on routine MR sequences had been shown.
Echocardiography in acute cardiovascular care. Part 2. Cardiac and lung ultrasound examination
Authors: Dzhioeva O. N. , Orlov D. O. , Nikitin I. G.
Published: September 2020

Lung ultrasound is an integral part of echocardiography in emergency conditions. The method allows determining the clinical status of the patient and remains an important differential diagnostic method for examining patients in intensive care units.

The second part of the article is devoted to echocardiography as part of the differential diagnosis of dyspnea syndrome. Lung ultrasound for differentiation of interstitial pulmonary syndrome, the role of echocardiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism and verification of valvular pathology are described.
Myocardial injury in noncardiac surgery – diagnostic difficulties
Authors: Murashko S. S. , Pasechnik I. N. , Berns S. A.
Published: September 2020

A new concept was adopted by the Fourth Universal Definition of MI Expert Consensus Document in 2018 – periprocedural myocardial injury after cardiac- and noncardiac interventions, which is distinct from myocardial infarction.

It is difficult to diagnose a heart attack and myocardial damage after noncardiac surgery.

Postoperative myocardial injury increases mortality and worsens the long-term prognosis and quality of treatment.

The quality of surgical care is determined by surgical techniques and the course of the postoperative period. Although complications often negate the results of brilliantly performed surgery, many of them would happen irrespective of surgeon`s actions. The development of complications determining the outcome of treatment can be associated with cardiac pathology. Cardiac complications may develop due to existing comorbidities, hemodynamic instability during surgery, cardiotoxic effect of drugs, etc. In 40% of cases, the risk of cardiac death after noncardiac surgery is associated with the development of perioperative myocardial infarction or myocardial injury. Myocardial infarction is the most demonstrative complication, although it is difficult to diagnose in the perioperative period in case of asymptomatic course. The link between postoperative myocardial infarction and lethality is beyond doubt. Adopted in 2018, the Fourth Universal Definition of MI Expert Consensus Document introduced a new concept of periprocedural myocardial injury after cardiac- and noncardiac interventions, which are distinct from myocardial infarction. Myocardial injury requires laboratory tests to be diagnosed. However, myocardial injury itself affects postoperative mortality and significantly worsens the long-term prognosis and quality of treatment. This article reports the features of the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of cardiac complications during surgical care, as well as the multifactorial genesis of myocardial injury. The analysis of modern scientific literature on the diagnosis of myocardial damage is given. The need for early diagnosis of myocardial damage to create optimal management tactics for patients undergoing noncardiac interventions is demonstrated.
Assessment of morphological and functional parameters of myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease and overt primary hypothyroidism
Authors: Muneer A. R. , Vijaraghavan G. , Ankudinov A. S. , Kalyagin A. N.
Published: September 2020

Aim. To evaluate the morphological and functional parameters of the myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and concurrent overt primary hypothyroidism, as well as to identify possible relationships between these parameters and levels of thyroid hormones.

Methods. 344 patients with CAD who had verified classes 1-3 stable angina pectoris using the clinical guidelines were recruited in a study [6]. 100 patients with CAD and concurrent primary hypothyroidism were enrolled in the study group. 244 patients with CAD were enrolled in the comparison group. Severity of stenosis in one- and/ or two- and/or three-vessel disease were measured in all patients. A comparative assessment of biochemical parameters and echocardiography was performed. A single-stage cross-sectional comparative analysis of the studied parameters was performed. The presence of any relationships of thyroid hormones with morphological and functional parameters of the myocardium were determined. The correlation analysis reported the relationships between diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular ejection fraction and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in patients with CAD and concurrent hypothyroidism.

Results. Statistically significant differences in lipid profile, glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin, and glomerular filtration rate were found. Three-vessel disease prevailed in both groups, but the prevalence of three-vessel disease was higher in the study group (CAD and hypothyroidism) than in the comparison group (p<0.01). Echocardiography assessment reported the differences in the levels of E/a (p = 0.02), E/E` (p = 0.001), and LVEF (p = 0.001) between the study groups.

Conclusion. Patients with coronary artery disease and concurrent overt primary hypothyroidism demonstrated worse dyslipidemia parameters, glycemic indicators and impaired glomerular filtration rate. Three-vessel disease prevailed among patients enrolled in the study. The relationship between TSH and myocardial morphological and functional parameters was determined. Obtained data can be used for assessing the prognosis in this group of patients.
Determination of the place of attachment afterwards by palpation of the abdomen.
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: September 2020

Ridgway Barker. Placental localization by abdominal palpation (N. Y.Med. Journ. Iune 18, 1892).

Determination of the place of attachment afterwards by palpation of the abdomen.The views of various authors on the possibility of determining the place of attachment of the placenta by means of palpation differ diametrically. While Spencer considers it completely possible and in 7 cases, manual intrauterine examination confirmed his diagnosis, based on palpation of the abdomen, other, not less experienced and conscientious gynecologists, cannot boast of that. So. Duncan completely denies this possibility, and on the other hand Galabin not only fully agrees with Spencer, but elevates even such a possibility to the rule. Barnes agrees with Spencer, apparently only for those cases, when it is attached to the upper girdle of the uterus and on the anterior wall ("when the placenta is located in the upper zones and in front of the uterus"), in such cases, he says , the uterine stump is thickened and protrudes above the level of its common smooth surface.
Monod. Difficulté du diagnostic différentiel de l’ascite et de certains kystes de l’ovaire. (Société de Chirurgie Séance 25 mai. Semaine Medicale № 28, 1892). Difficulty of differential diagnosis between ascites and some ovarian cysts.
Authors: Sadovsky P.
Published: September 2020

The patient, who had a vaginal extirpation of the uterus for cancer, turned to the author with complaints of an enlarged abdomen. Assuming a relapse on the peritoneum with ascites, the author performed a puncture, and from 11 to 15 liters of a rather thick liquid were released.
PROF. N.N. FENOMENOV Operational obstetrics. Lectures read to students of the Imperial Kazan University with 10 tables of lithographed drawings. Kazan 1892
Dr. I.O.Danilovich
Authors: Krassovsky A.
Published: September 2020

Until now, in Russian literature, there was only one original guide to operational obstetrics, on which a whole generation of Russian doctors and obstetricians were brought up. This is a major work of Academician A. Ya. Krassovsky ("Operational obstetrics with the inclusion of a study on the irregularities of the female pelvis"), which has already been published in 4 editions. The undoubted and generally recognized qualities of this manual: completeness, detailed and clear presentation of each operational application, as well as indications and contraindications, detailed historical and literary references, etc., make it a classic study and such a book of each specialty obstetric. But for students and practical doctors it is rather difficult to use the manual of Academician Krassovsky, since its study requires a lot of time, which students and practical doctors usually do not have.This, in my opinion, explains a fairly significant number of translated short textbooks of operational obstetrics (Stahl) on lectures 'a, (Schaut'а, Fritsch'а, etc.), appearing in print.
A case of complete inversion of the uterus after childbirth
Authors: Neyolov N. K.
Published: September 2020

On December 19, 1894, sick Eleanor M ko, diagnosed with polypus uteri, was sent to me by a comrade of the land. Arriving to the patient at the hotel, I found her in a very bad state: deathly pale, with a very weak pulse, with t to 40.0 ; dirty blood with a strongly putrid odor was discharged from the vagina. The patient was immediately sent to the hospital, where a thorough examination gave the following: the patient is of medium height, the skeletal system is developed correctly, muscles and skin are flabby; the outer covers are very pale; the visible mucous membranes are very pale with a cyanotic tinge; heart, lungs, and urine are normal. External genitals, heavily soiled with a dirty red fluid, are normal; first degree perineal rupture; the genital gap gapes a little; 2 snt. from the entrance to the vagina, the finger comes across a round, rather soft and elastic body, reminiscent, at first impression, of a fibrous polyp; this body, the size of a slightly enlarged uterus, has only a round outline below; above it tapers and passes into a small groove, limited by the external os of the uterus. In place of the body of the uterus, a small solid formation is felt, the size of a slightly enlarged ovary; this formation closes a funnel, which in this case cannot be felt; nothing pathological is felt in the vaults. When viewed in mirrors, the described body appears to be a dirty gray color, in places even completely black; at the slightest touch, the body bleeds quite a lot. The patient's body temperature is 39.6 C., pulse 120, very weak and easily compressed; the patient cannot move without assistance.
A case of anhydrous labor in combination with placenta praevia
Authors: Vishnepolsky V.
Published: September 2020

The question of the origin of amniotic fluid has occupied and continues to occupy the minds of obstetricians of all times. Some believe that the source of its origin is exclusively the release of the fetus, others - the sweating of serum through the vessels of the umbilical cord; still others declare themselves to be supporters of her maternal origin. V. Gruzdev's article provides an extensive literature on this issue. This issue is of great importance, since in connection with it there is a question about the physiological function of amniotic fluid, which has not yet been resolved and until now. Some authors consider them useless excreta, others - an important and necessary secret for the nutrition of the fetus. At least. Schrder and Horvits emphasize the unsuitability of the indicated liquid as a nutritious material.
Several gynecological operations on organs of the abdominal cavity
Authors: Nadezhdin G.
Published: September 2020

These operations were performed by me in the village. Zemetchine, Morshansk district, over time from 1887 to 1891. They represent the continuation of those that I described in Medic. Review. ", 1884 and 1886, and in" Surgeon. Vestn. ", 1887. The general conditions in which these operations were performed are indicated in the aforementioned articles, as well as in the report on eye operations (" Medicine ", 1895). However, I consider it necessary to describe these conditions in more detail, as applied to these operations, which represent the highest manifestation of the surgical business, a touchstone for the surgeon and the "environment".
Irreplaceable dressing and hygroscopicity of dressings for the care of the umbilical cord
Authors: Weinstein E. M.
Published: September 2020

The development of the question of the time of the disappearance of the umbilical cord remnant and the successive local changes in the umbilical ring belongs entirely to our time, and the establishment of the connection between common diseases of newborns and pathological changes in the umbilical wound and the search for a rational type of ligation of the umbilical cord remains exclusively in recent years.
On the question of obstetric and gynecological help in provinces
Authors: Nadezhdin G.
Published: September 2020

Self-knowledge is the only correct way to resolve practical issues. The task of Russian medicine to prevent and heal the diseases of the Russian people will only be best resolved when it follows this path. From this point of view, the appearance of reports on the medical activities of medical institutions and individuals is desirable, if they (reports) contribute some material for such self-knowledge and, in part, outline ways to solve practical issues. These considerations prompted me to continue the report on my rural surgical activity, and after the report on the eye operations I propose a report on obstetric and gynecological.
OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGICAL SOCIETY IN ST.-PETERSBURG
Authors: Ott D. O.
Published: September 2020

Present: 22 members: Antipov, P.A., Vasten, Verninskiy, Goraiskiy, Dranitsyn, Zabolotskiy, Zamshin, Kakushkin, Lichkus, Misevich, Piotrovich, Porshnyakov, Rachinskiy, Soloviev, Stravinsky, Stroganov, Ulrikh, Urvich, Fisher, A.R., Shverdlov, Schmidt, Yanpolsky and 20 guests.
On more frequent use of forceps in obstetric practice
Authors: Ginzburg M. D.
Published: September 2020

In England and America, childbirth ends with forceps much more often than on the continent of Europe. The principles of non-intervention, preached by some prominent German clinicians (Winckel et al.) Are ignored by Anglo-American doctors and, apparently, they are more right than the Germans. Winckel, protesting against the frequent use of forceps, believes that by resorting to them for the sake of weakness of attempts, we condemn the mother to more or less severe bleeding in the 3rd period of labor, due to the same uterine atony, or that we risk, both by forceps and necessary in the 3rd period of extraction of the placenta to introduce infection into the birth canal of a woman in labor.
To the question of the use of constant irrigation with running vesicovaginal fistulas
Authors: Fedulov Ya. S.
Published: September 2020

Everyone, of course, knows how horrible suffering are vesicovaginal fistulas not only in the physical, but also in the moral attitude, both in the rich, intelligent class, and especially in the poor peasant environment. The only radical cure, which is possible, however, not in all cases, is of course the surgical suturing of the fistula. But it is not uncommon for the sick to come to this help at a time when the field of the operation seems to be contaminated - therefore, one must first of all reckon with this complication. The contamination of the field of operation is sometimes so stubborn that, with the most careful application of all kinds of conventional methods of treatment, the results are far from satisfactory: the raids removed with great work quickly return; the state of health of patients worsens, forces fall, as pain, as a result of the irritation of the tissues of urine, deprives them of sleep and appetite. Here, in such desperate cases, constant irrigation, proposed by prof. N.A. Tolochinov and with success, used in his clinic, is a truly beneficial remedy.
Meeting of obstetric and gynecological societies. Protocol No. XII. Administrative appointment on April 13, 1895
Authors: Ott D. O.
Published: September 2020

D.O. Ott chaired.20 members were present.1) Protocol No. XI has been read and approved.2) Proposed active members: Pargamin, Manus Nukhimovich, doctor. (Proposed by Eichfus, Petrov and Lichkus).
A.E. Cheremshanskiy. — The first case of removal of subserous fibroids of the uterus through the womb at the Vladivostok Marine Hospital. (Medical Addendum to the Marine Collection, March and April, 1895)
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: September 2020

Patient 40 years old, had one childbirth and one miscarriage. Blood with 17 years of age, after 3-4 weeks for 4-5 days. Complaints: abdominal pain, dizziness, headaches, constipation, dysmenorrhea, general weakness, nervousness. The uterus is enlarged, mobile. To the right corner of the uterus a mobile tumor is attached on a wide basis, a little larger than an orange.
I. Rubinstein. — On the issue of outpatient treatment for women’s diseases by massage. (Weekly, 1895, No. 12)
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: September 2020

The benefits of massage for women's diseases are currently recognized by almost all gynecologists, with very few exceptions. However, this type of treatment has not yet received widespread distribution, partly due to the absence of precisely worked out indications and contraindications to the use of massage, partly due to a falsely established view of the difficulty of massage techniques.
O. A. Reznikov. — To the question of the influence of heart diseases (heart disease) on menstruation. (Weekly, 1895, No. 4)
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: September 2020

The influence of heart disease on menstruation has hardly been studied so far. This influence is reflected either in increased blood loss during menstruation, or in weakening of such, or in such cases, menstruation in its character remains without changes. The reasons for the abundant months are: stagnation of blood, changes in blood, changes in blood vessels.
A. N. Soloviev. - A case of endometritis complicated by aphonia and parotitis. Restoration of the voice after incision of an abscess of the parotid gland. (Medical Review., 1895, No. 9)
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: September 2020

Patient 31 years old, multiparous. She was ill after childbirth, she threw it out 2 times, and suffered from monthly disorders, pain and leucorrhoea. The patient is hysterical, and her aphony was of hysterical origin.
Dr. Paul Swain. - The Treatment of uterine Fibroids by abdominal section. (British Medical Journal., 21 / VII, 1894, p. 116), Treatment of uterine fibroids by gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Ginzburg M.
Published: September 2020

There was a time when women with uterine fibroids were left without surgical assistance. Experienced doctors certify that many women who suffered from uterine fibroids recovered without surgery. Subperitoneal or interstitial tumors, further huge in size, are often not accompanied by any severe seizures; small tumors often disappear during pregnancy. Submucous tumors burst into polyps or, after a spontaneous rupture of their bursa, are excreted in pieces. With the onset of climacteric age, many of these tumors atrophy.
Dr. A. H. Buckmaster. — The Vaginal Anus and its Treatment, as illustraded by the Report of a Case and a Suggestion for a Method of Forming an artificial Sphincter. (New-Iork Med. Journ., 1894, 11 / VIII, pp. 168-176). Anus vaginalis and its treatment from one case report and a plan for the formation of an artificial sphincter
Authors: Ginzburg M.
Published: September 2020

Dr. A. H. Buckmaster. The Vaginal Anus and its Treatment, as illustraded by the Report of a Case and a Suggestion for a Method of Forming an artificial Sphincter. (New-Iork Med. Journ., 1894, 11 / VIII, pp. 168-176). Anus vaginalis and its treatment from one case report and a plan for the formation of an artificial sphincter
Thomas Keith. — On Surpa-pubic fixation of the Uterus in certain cases of retroversion and prolapse. (Lancet, 1894, 22 / IX, p. 679). Suprapubic attachment of the uterus in some cases of inclination and prolapse of the uterus
Authors: Ginzburg M. D.
Published: September 2020

In 45-year-old women,I woman in labor, labor was completed by one young doctor with difficult forceps in 1867. Prof. Keith saw her after 2 weeks. Vagina and rectum represented one cavity; the ruptured bowel extended several inches; the edges of the gap seemed uneven, the suppuration was terrible, some parts of the sleeve were close to necrosis. The doctor, who removed the child with forceps, performed the operation, being sick, why the damage was so extensive. After 6 months, the patient did not recover and the feces were spilled out involuntarily with every movement of the patient.
Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in metabolic syndrome - A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sridevi D , Ginnaram Shravya R , Dambal Amrut Arvindrao , Reddy Sushritha Y , Pingle Abhinav R
Published: September 2020

Literature review have hypothesized that the rising incidence of metabolic syndrome worldwide has been associated with an increased risk of thyroid disorders. The aim & objective of our study was to diagnose patients with metabolic syndrome based on IDF criteria, to estimate T3, T4, TSH levels among these patients and to observe the correlation between thyroid dysfunction and metabolic syndrome.

Our study was a hospital based age and sex matched cross-sectional study with a total of 120 participants (60 cases and 60 controls) between 30 - 50 years old conducted at Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India. Ethics approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee.

Our study found that both men and women with metabolic syndrome had a higher percentage of thyroid disorders compared to the controls without metabolic syndrome. Among the cases, women were found to present with more thyroid abnormalities than men.

Routine screening with thyroid function tests should be implemented for all patients with metabolic syndrome, especially females. The coexistence of these two entities can increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Early detection and intervention can help reduce the progression of CVD.
Dobro wspólne podstawą poszanowania człowieka w kontekście wyzwań społecznych
Authors: Nogowski Jacek
Published: September 2020

Katolicka nauka społeczna Kościoła wyjaśnia, że dobro wspólne – to suma warunków życia społecznego pozwalająca osiągać pełniej i łatwiej własną doskonałość, pociągając za sobą prawa i obowiązki, dotyczące całego rodzaju ludzkiego. Każda grupa społeczna musi uwzględnić potrzeby i słuszne dążenia innych grup, co więcej, dobro wspólne całej rodziny ludzkiej. Dobro wspólne polega przede wszystkim na poszanowaniu praw i obowiązków osoby ludzkiej oraz na stworzeniu maksymalnych szans rozwoju jednostkom ludzkim przynależnym do różnych społeczności. Dobro wspólne, którego ludzie szukają i osiągają je, tworząc wspólnotę społeczną, jest gwarancją dobra osobistego, rodzinnego i grupowego. W poszanowaniu każdej osoby ludzkiej pomocna jest zasada powszechnego przeznaczenia dóbr, zasada pomocniczości i solidarności.
O Museu de Percurso da Vila do IAPI: Como um patrimônio se torna museu
Authors: De Oliveira Pablo Barbosa
Published: September 2020

Este artigo se baseia na proposta apresentada no trabalho de conclusão de curso da Museologia da Universidade Federal de Rio Grade do Sul, defendida em 2018, com o nome de “A vila museu do IAPI: Onde o patrimônio se torna museu” que apresenta uma proposta de museu de percurso para a Vila do IAPI. O artigo, divide-se em três etapas: na primeira, apresento alguns pontos sobre a história e cultura da Vila; na segunda etapa, apresento conceitos sobre patrimônio e problematizando sobre o patrimônio do IAPI; na terceira e última etapa, proponho o projeto de um Museu de Percurso da Vila do IAPI. O estudo realizado ancora-se em bibliografia específica da área de patrimônio, bem como em teóricos da museologia e no histórico do IAPI, formulando, a partir desse referencial teórico, a proposta de um museu de percurso para a Vila.
A micro-história e o Kitsch: possibilidades de análise
Authors: Marina Marinilse
Published: September 2020

o presente estudo explora as possibilidades de análise de monumentos e réplicas no contexto específico da imigração italiana no Rio Grande do Sul levando em consideração os métodos da micro-história italiana e os pressupostos da arquitetura Kitsch. Verificamos como o estudo minucioso de aspectos historiográficos, proporcionado por um olhar detalhado, favorece a percepção da amplitude complexa deste contexto, desde novos entendimentos sobre a imigração no estado até a importância do Kitsch em um cenário de reconstrução de uma suposta identidade ítala.
Assessing Willingness to Communicate in the Multilingual Environment
Authors: Guzikova Maria , Gudova Margarita , Kocheva Olga
Published: September 2020

The paper describes the results of an empirical study supported by the McCroskey’s Willingness to Communicate Scale and the findings of the self-assessed communication apprehension survey. The research was carried out in the context of the Russian regional university under internationalization. The respondents included two groups of Russian students and one group of foreign students (52 people in total). The answers given by the students enabled assessment of the level of anxiety they could experience in the proposed communication contexts: public speaking; communication in a small group; speech at a meeting; and interpersonal talk. Supposedly, a high level of readiness for communication in a foreign language would indicate the person’s psychological security and lack of discomfort when networking. In addition, the research aimed to find a correlation between the number of foreign languages and the duration of their study, and the individual’s desire to engage in verbal communication with strangers. According to the results of the communication apprehension test, all the students showed an average index of communication anxiety, and this moderate level can complicate their future introduction into a diverse professional community. Also, this study revealed that the number of languages and the willingness to communicate do not correlate. However, the number of years students learn languages is directly linked with their willingness to communicate. It is suggested that the quasi-communicative format of teaching foreign languages in the classrooms contrasts sharply with the emerging dynamic multicultural space of the university.
Keywords: willingness to communicate, communication apprehension, foreign language environment