bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Case of George Brown: Material Culture and the Missionary Enterprise
Authors: Bray Holly
Published: October 2018

This article analyzes the complex and controversial role of material culture in the missionary endeavour of the South Pacific, using as a case study George Brown. Brown’s contributions to the European academic community as well as to his Methodist mission offer scholars an exceptional example of how extensive object collection blurs the line between missionary and ethnographer. With reference to detailed sources written by Brown himself, it is argued that his role as a missionary did not limit Brown’s credibility in an academic environment hungry for first-hand accounts of indigenous culture. Furthermore, this role should enhance (not taint) studies of Brown’s legacy; a collection of objects and texts such as his denies a clear categorization as a missionary or as an ethnographer. The context of George Brown’s collecting therefore merits a “recontextualization” of sorts, as the stigma surrounding the missionary enterprise often obscures the historical value of such prized research.
Derision and Demography: New South Wales and the Irish Orphan Girls of the Earl Grey Immigration Scheme, 1848 to 1850
Authors: McHutchion Benjamin
Published: October 2018

From 1848 to 1850, 4175 female orphans from Irish workhouses were sent to the Australian colonies to escape from the Irish famine and to address the gender imbalance in the colonies.  Anglo-centric colonial newspapers condemned the girls for their supposedly inferior demographics – Catholic, illiterate, Irish and female – and raised the spectre of Catholic predominance, leading to the cancellation of the immigration scheme at a time of great humanitarian need.  Using the original shipping lists of the girls who landed in New South Wales and the colony’s census data, this paper uses a quantitative analysis to argue that while newspapers were relatively correct in characterizing the girls’ demographics, they were incorrect in their claims about how the girls’ arrival would influence the colony’s demographic development.
A Review of Rozeboom’s Ideas with an Analysis of Issues in Null Hypothesis Significance Testing
Authors: Brunner Lexi
Published: October 2018

Reexamining William Rozeboom’s recommendations for the future direction of disciplines such as psychology and philosophy is imminent due to the pressing issues in null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). An overreliance on NHST forms the basis of the replication crisis in psychology. Likewise, the discipline’s stringent guidelines on significance levels convey a pressure to publish, which is also significantly contributing to the replication crisis. As researchers’ careers are staked on the extent to which they publish, reassessing the fundamental issues with NHST within the context of Rozeboom’s ideas is paramount. In this brief review, I focus specifically on Rozeboom’s critiques of NHST and on a proposed alternative for evaluating the depth of findings within the framework of theoretical psychology. Thereafter, I compare his foreboding concerns with modern issues facing the validity of psychology and posit Rozeboom prophesized the failings of the discipline years ahead of his time. Keywords: Theoretical Psychology; NHST; William Rozeboom; P-Hacking; Explanatory Induction
Why do public monuments play such an important role in memory wars?
Authors: Deegan Connor
Published: October 2018

In this paper I explore the role played by public monuments in the narration of national stories. I examine several monuments that have been built to promote various national narratives, with a particular focus on the South Australian National War Memorial, located in Adelaide, Australia. My analysis reveals that monuments have a dynamic capacity to embody simplified narratives of the past, and to shape collective memory accordingly. I contend that, owing to this capacity, monuments play a significant role in the narration of national stories. I also consider the power of monuments to serve vehicles for the promulgation of dissenting narrative strands. I ultimately argue that the prevalence of such strands reveals that many “memory wars” can never definitively be won—that is, that it is impossible to achieve homogeneity in history.
THE BRITISH EMPIRE AND THE GREAT EXHIBITION OF 1851
Authors: Kallen Samantha
Published: October 2018

The Great Exhibition of 1851 in London was a large, highly significant affair that brought the innovations and industries of the world together under one roof. While it was indeed a global event, it has been argued, especially by people at the time, whether or not the exhibition was held for the great benefit of the British. This paper will argue that the primary motivation for the British was indeed their own benefit by looking at British prestige, what they had to offer the exhibition, and what they stood to gain by hosting such an event.
Chacoan Road Systems as Products of Social Organization
Authors: Bush Jason G
Published: October 2018

The Chacoan road system is an understudied aspect of a very unique culture in New Mexico.  The extensive roads present important evidence to the social structure of the Chaco people. A few theories have been presented about the reason for the roads, such as economic, administrative and religion. This paper argues that the roads were used for military purposes, because the roads provided quick access to all satellite townships in the region.
‘Take Your Rosaries Out of Our Ovaries:’ Women's Rights in Argentina and Bolivia
Authors: Guse Caitlin
Published: October 2018

Despite being neighbouring countries, Bolivia and Argentina appear to be a world apart in terms of economics, international relations, and women’s rights. Historically, women’s rights have been fairly similar in both countries, but while one country seemingly made “progress,” the other country appeared to be stagnating. By exploring violence against women, and the current state of contraception and abortion laws it becomes apparent that “progress” does not necessarily bring about social change.
Starving Ireland, Hungry Australia: The Irish Female Orphan Emigration Scheme, 1848-1850
Authors: Lieffers Emily
Published: October 2018

From 1848-50, the British government sent 4,175 famine-stricken orphan girls from Ireland to Australia to give them a better life and fulfill population needs in the colony. The controversy surrounding the orphan emigration scheme suggests that prejudices against the Irish and their poverty were easily exported to a colonial setting. The girls’ physical appearance and ignorance, largely a result of poverty and terrible conditions in workhouses, were taken as racial deficiencies, while their religion was viewed as a threat. This orphan scheme is thus a valuable case study for historians seeking to explore the limits of colonial citizenship in the British Empire and to reinvigorate historiography concerning Anglo-Irish relations in the Famine era.
Enacting Remembrance Day in the Public Sphere
Authors: Iqbal Noor
Published: October 2018

The form of commemoration offered by Remembrance Day ceremonies works to produce a sense of nationalist patriotism. The ‘public history’ of the nation, as a mode of self-representation, presents a particular narrative of limited scope, occluding all elements that do not fit its ideological framework. Remembrance Day simultaneously invokes and educates Canadian collective memory and public history, mediated through the contemporary power/knowledge discourse on war. The values, structure, and 'tendencies of a society' become evident in collective memory and this cultural heritage of society becomes a site at which it is 'visible to itself'.
Model Berbasis Portofolio untuk Meningkatkan Partisipasi Belajar Siswa pada Pembelajaran PKN
Authors: Hasnawati Hasnawati
Published: October 2018

At SDN 11 Batang Anai, participation of 4th grade students in civic learning was low, either in discussing, asking question, or taking conclusion. Teacher used to implement expository method in classroom. This study is a classroom action research that aimed to improve students’ participation in learning civic subject by using model of portfolio-based. In cycle I, percentage of students’ participation for discussing is 58.92%, 49.80% for asking question, and 33.92% for taking conclusion. In cycle II, percentage of students’ participation for discussing is 84.45%, 72.73% for asking question, and 70.95% for taking conclusion. Hence, civics learning that implement model of portfolio-based can improve students’ participation in learning.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara Siswa dengan Media Gambar Seri
Authors: Risnawelli Noni
Published: October 2018

Result of initial observation at SDN 18 Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman indicated that 1st grade students were afraid and shy to speak in front of class. It was caused the language learning only emphasized on reading and writing skills. Speaking skill was still not being a main focus. This is a classroom action research aimed to improve students’ speaking skill. Data were colected by using test and observation. In cycle I, percentage of students’ speaking skill mean score is 53,3%. In cycle II, percentage of students’ speaking skill mean score is 86%. Hence, learning with media of picture-series can improve students’ speaking skill.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Dengan Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah
Authors: Suparni Suparni
Published: October 2018

Mathematics learning at 5th grade of SDN 21 Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman indicated that learning process did not encourage students to apply the concepts in solving problems. It caused the students’ learning achievement become low. This is a classroom action research aimed to improve students’ learning achievement by implementing problem based learning (PBL). Data were obtained through observation and test. Mean of students’ learning achievement from initial observation is 54.63 and become 72.78 in cycle I. Mean of students’ learning achievement is 78.37 in cycle II. Hence, problem based learning can improve students’ learning achievement.
Model Cooperative Learning Tipe Make A Match Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dan Aktivitas Siswa
Authors: Weni Rilda
Published: October 2018

This study was conducted as solution for the low learning activity and achievement of 5th grade students at SDN 21 Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. The low learning activity and achievement of students was caused by teaching process which often to use expository method. This study is a classroom action research with two cycles aimed to improve students’ learning activity and achievement by implementing one of cooperative learning model, i.e. make a match type. Subjects of this study are 5th grade students at SDN 21 Batang Anai. Mean of test score of students in cycle I is 60.00 and become 76.88 in cycle II. Students’ learning activity was also improved. Thus, cooperative learning —make a match- can improve students’ learning activity and achievement.
Pendekatan Matematika Realistik Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas I Pada Operasi Hitung
Authors: Yusmaniar Yusmaniar
Published: October 2018

Teacher in mathematics learning process of 1st grade at SDN 21 Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman used to implement expository method. It caused the learning achievement of students become low. This study is a classroom action research with two cycles that aimed to improve students’ learning achievement by implementing realistic mathematics education. Mean of students’ learning achievement score in cycle I is 77.2 and 88.2 for cycle II. Hence, realistic mathematics education can improve students’ learning achievement.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Pembelajaran IPS dengan Metode Problem Solving
Authors: Fernanda Emilia
Published: October 2018

Students of grade 4 SDN 21 Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman in learning process used to be passive. Teacher also often used the expository method. This is a classroom action research with two cycles that aimed to improve students’ learning achievement (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains) through implementation of problem solving method in social subject learning. In cycle I, students’ score of cognitive domains is 6.46, students’ score of affective domain is 6.49, and students’ score of psychomotor domain is  6.49. In cycle II, students’ score of cognitive domains is 8.23, students’ score of affective domain is 8.24, and students’ score of psychomotor domain is 8.03.
Motif Siswa memiliki Smartphone dan Penggunaannya
Authors: Nasution Jamilah Aini , Suhaili Neviyarni , Alizamar Alizamar
Published: October 2018

In July 2012, it's registered that 58% of 47 million people who have smartphone in Indonesian is dominated by teenager aged 14 until 17 years (result of research by Nielsen). Students should be use the smartphone appropriate with function to pointing students on a positive thing, but students indicate that they still use smartphone for a negative thing. This study aimed to analyze and to describe about motives of students to choose smartphone and the use of smartphone by students SMA Pembangunan Laboratorium UNP Padang. This research is a quantitative study with descriptive approach. The population is all students who have a smartphone as many as 227 students. Sample as many as 145 students. Instrument used is the scale of motive students have a smartphone and the use of smartphone. The results of data analysis showed that: (1) the level of motive students have a smartphone in SMA Pembangunan Laboratorium UNP Padang at the high category, and (2) the level of use smartphone by students SMA Pembangunan Laboratorium UNP Padang also at the high category.
Penggunaan Metode Eksperimen untuk meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa tentang Cahaya di Kelas V SDN 07 Silaut Kecamatan Silaut
Authors: Rukinem Rukinem
Published: October 2018

This study originated from the fact in the School that learning is often dominated by teachers so that student learning outcomes about Light material are not as expected. The purpose of this study was to improve the learning outcomes of Light in class V SDN 07 Silaut. This type of research is classroom action research with an experimental method. This study uses a qualitative and quantitative approach which is carried out in two collaborative cycles between researchers and teachers. Research subjects were teachers and grade V elementary school students. The results showed that using experimental methods can improve the learning outcomes of grade V students.
Penggunaan Model Cooperative Learning Tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) untuk meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS di Kelas IV SDN 07 Silaut Kecamatan Silaut Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan
Authors: Tugiman Tugiman
Published: October 2018

This type of research is classroom action research. This study uses a qualitative approach, including 1) planning, 2) implementation, 3) observation, and 4) reflection. Subjects in this study were students of grade IV elementary school which amounted to 30 people. The research results of the first cycle of the pre-learning test average score of 5.94 students and in the final test student learning completeness reached 56.7%, while the final test of the second cycle the value of student learning completeness increased to 80%. Based on the observations, it was seen that the students 'understanding was improved after the learning process took place which was reflected in the students' test results. It can be concluded that learning using the Cooperative Learning Model Type NHT can improve student learning outcomes in the material of economic activities related to natural resources and other potential in the region (West Sumatra).
Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah untuk meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA di Kelas V SDN 02 Silaut Kecamatan Silaut Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan
Authors: Darman Zuldia
Published: October 2018

This research is motivated by science learning which is still teacher-centered. So that boring science learning takes place. Besides that, the standard of completeness in the desired science learning has not been achieved. The purpose of this study is to improve student learning outcomes by using Action Research through problem-based learning strategies which include (1) planning, (2) implementation, and (3) learning outcomes. Based on the results of the study, it appears that student learning outcomes have increased. By using problem-based learning strategies, the percentage of the results of the average value of student learning in the first cycle was 66.97% and in the second cycle the percentage of students' average score was 82.26%. The percentage increase in the average value of the results of the first cycle and second cycle is 5.29%. The conclusion of this study is to use problem-based learning strategies to improve learning outcomes of class V students of SDN 02 Silaut.
Hubungan kontrol diri dengan prestasi belajar siswa
Authors: Intani Citra Putri , Ifdil Ifdil
Published: October 2018

Student achievement is found apda initial survey is still much under KKM while individuals who have high self-control can direct and manage his behavior, not easily tempted by changes that occur and can avoid the deviant behavior, This study aims to analyze the relationship control self with student achievement with the strength of the relationship is quite strong in students at SMA Negeri 7 Padang. This type of research is quantitative research with the type of research is descriptive correlational research. The population of this study class XI and class XII SMA Negeri 7 Padang 2017/2018 as many as 596 students and a sample of 240 students. Sampling using simple random sampling technique. Instrument used for research in the form of closed questionnaire to know the relationship of self control with student achievement by using correlation test. The results revealed: 1) students' overall self-control was in the moderate category with the percentage of 38.8% 2) the overall student learning achievement (26.7%) with the learning achievement score 62-67, and there was a significant relationship between self-control with learning achievement at SMA Negeri 7 Padang.
The Relative Power Spectral Analysis of EEG Activity during Performing Numerical and Word Problems
Authors:   The Korea Society Of Educational Studies In Mathematics, Kim Ji Sun
Published: October 2018

Many students have more difficulty in solving word problems than numerical problems in school mathematics. It is because solving word problems requires linguistic knowledge as well as mathematical knowledge. Recently neuroimaging technique attempts to investigate areas of human brain for mathematical and linguistic thinking. This research aimed at analyzing the relative power spectrum of EEG activities and the degree of cognitive load of 12 adults during performing numerical and word problems. The results showed the theta band tended to more increase when solving word problems than numerical problems, the alpha band tended to increase from solving numerical problems to word problems, the beta band tended to be activated in more brain areas when solving word problems than numerical problems, and the gamma band tended to increase in the frontal area for both numerical and word problems. The EEG analysis revealed that the activation pattern of the human brain for numerical problems was different from the activation pattern for word problems. This neurological approach can be used to find the solution for difficulties of learning mathematics.
A Case Study on Design and Application of Creative Task for Teaching Percentage Bar and Pie Chart
Authors:   The Korea Society Of Educational Studies In Mathematics, Lee Kyeong-Hwa , Moon Sung Jae , Song Balgeum
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this article is to investigate how creative tasks and instructional strategies for lessons on percentage bar and pie chart are used to elicit students' growth in conceptual understanding and statistical thinking. The findings showed that creative tasks with proper instructional strategies promote conceptual understanding, the connection between data and context and shift from local views to global views of data and data representations by stimulating students' creative thinking related to fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that the creative tasks provide various learning opportunities for students who differ in their levels.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI ISOLAT KLINIS
Authors: Wardani Rohmi , Jekti Dwi Soelistya Dyah , Sedijani Prapti
Published: October 2018

The objective of this research was to test antibacterial activity ethanol and ethyl acetate of lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) extract by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against the growth of clinical isolate bacteria. The type of this study used laboratory experimental using sensitivity test, dilution of tube and spreading plate. The experimental design used Complete Random Design using three repetitions on three concentrations i.g 25, 50, and 75%. Data was analyzed by qualitative with measuring inhibit diameter zone bacterial and qualitative using Two Way Anova followed by BNT with α= 5%. The statistical analysis showed that the solvent factor and concentration factor was significantly against growing bacterial and there was an interaction affect of both factors on S. aureus growth. The result presented that the ethanol and ethyl acetate of lime peel extract strongly inhibited Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and midly inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The MIC ethanol and ethyl acetate of lime peel extract against S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa was 25% and K. pneumoniae was 50%. The MBC showed that ethanol and ethyl acetate of lime peel  extract killed bacteria P. aeruginosa at 15%, S. aureus, S. epidermidis at 20% and K. pneumoniae at 25%. Taken together, it can be concluded that ethyl acetate of lime extract more effective than that of ethanol extract was to inhibit and killed clinical isolate bacterial.Keywords: lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle), antibacterial activity, clinical isolate bacteria, MIC and MBC.
Accounting for Student Disadvantage in Value-Added Models
Authors: Parsons Eric , Koedel Cory , Tan Li
Published: October 2018

We study the relative performance of two policy-relevant value-added models—a one-step fixed effect model and a two-step aggregated residuals model—using a simulated data set well grounded in the value-added literature. A key feature of our data generating process is that student achievement depends on a continuous measure of economic disadvantage. This is a realistic condition that has implications for model performance because researchers typically have access to only a noisy, binary measure of disadvantage. We find that one- and two-step value-added models perform similarly across a wide range of student and teacher sorting conditions, with the two-step model modestly outperforming the one-step model in conditions that best match observed sorting in real data. A reason for the generally superior performance of the two-step model is that it better handles the use of an error-prone, dichotomous proxy for student disadvantage.
Frequency of nonsuicidal self-injury is associated with impulsive decision-making during criticism
Authors: Allen Kenneth Javad Dale (J.D.) , Fox Kathryn , Schatten Heather Tara , Jill Miranda Hooley D.Phil.
Published: October 2018

Research indicates that nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with impulsive traits, but not impulsive behavior on laboratory tasks, even in the context of negative mood. However, previous studies may not have induced forms of negative affect most relevant to NSSI. For example, evidence implicates both self-criticism and feeling criticized by others in NSSI engagement. We conducted two studies examining whether negative mood related to criticism increases impulsive decision-making among individuals with NSSI histories, using a gambling task embedded with auditory critical comments; participants imagined loved ones saying these comments to them. Study 1 evaluated community adults with (n = 33) and without (n = 31) NSSI histories. Despite no group differences in task performance, we found an association between past-year NSSI frequency and more impulsive choices during criticism. This was confirmed in Study 2 using a separate sample of adults (n = 69) with more frequent and recent NSSI. In regression models including self-criticism and depressive symptoms, only task performance (i.e., decision-making while receiving critical feedback) predicted NSSI frequency across multiple measurement periods. These studies suggest that more frequent and recent NSSI is associated with neurocognitive impulsivity, specifically in negative emotional contexts involving actual or imagined criticism in close relationships.
Modelling visibility judgments using models of decision confidence
Authors: Rausch Manuel , Zehetleitner Michael
Published: October 2018

How can we explain the regularities in subjective reports of human observers about their subjective visual experience of a stimulus? The present study tests if a recent model of decisional confidence, the weighted evidence and visibility model, can be generalized from confidence to subjective visibility. In a masked orientation identification task, observers reported the subjective visibility of the stimulus after each single identification response. Cognitive modelling revealed that the weighted evidence and visibility model provided a superior fit to the data compared to the standard signal detection model, the signal detection model with unsystematic noise superimposed on ratings, the postdecisional accumulation model, the two-channel model, the response-congruent evidence model, the two-dimensional Bayesian model, and the constant noise and decay model. A comparison between subjective visibility and decisional confidence revealed that visibility relied more on the strength of sensory evidence about features of the stimulus irrelevant to the identification judgment and less on evidence for the identification judgment. It is argued that at least two types of evidence are required to account for subjective visibility, one related to the identification judgment, and one related to the strength of stimulation.
PEMEROLEHAN KATA ANAK PADA USIA 3,0-5,0 TAHUN
Authors: AFNITA
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemerolehan kategori kata yang telah diperoleh anak usia 3;0-5;0 tahun di PAUD Bakti Bunda Tabing Padang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, yaitu penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan dan menjelaskan pemerolehan kategori kata apa saja yang telah diperoleh anak usia 3;0-5;0 tahun. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah teknik rekam, catat, dan wawancara. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian dan pembahasan yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa anak usia 3;0-5;0 tahun telah mampu menggunakan verba, ajektiva, nomina, pronomina, numeralia, adverbia, dan kata tugas, baik dalam bentuk dasar maupun turunan.
Utilization of Indirect Speech Act In Kick Andy Talk Show as Learning Skill of Interviewer
Authors: tressyalina  , noveria ena , Arief Ermawati
Published: October 2018

Interviews are key in generating large amounts of information. This depends on the quality of the interviewer's questions. Therefore, the element of wh-question in the form of interrogative elements is no stranger in learning the skills of the interviewer. However, the element can be developed with or without interrogative sentences to get an answer from the interviewee, so that the sentence form is not the same as the expressed sentence mode. This is called the indirect speech act. Thus, it is understood that the interviewer does not always use the wh-question element.
Keterampilan Membaca Cerdas
Authors: Ermanto Ermanto
Published: October 2018

keterampilan membaca cerdas.
Portrait of politeness in language by the supporters of governor’s candidates in the discourse of Jakarta election
Authors: Ramadhan syahrul , Agustina
Published: October 2018

Jakarta Election 2017 can be categorized as phenomenal and controversial. This is not only because of the political process in it, but also in the use of language as its political means. Based on the data found in mass media, a language in relation to the seizure of power has become a political tool so that itis worthless because it turns function into means of cursing, abusing and exposing the ill-favored. Furthermore, the language even serves as a tool for waging conflict, hatred, SARA sentiment, and character assassination. Such phenomena are not only exhibited by the political elite of each candidate, but also by the supporting community of governor’s candidates in social media through their Instagram community account. Based on above reasons, this study becomes important because language in political discourse is no longer bringing the clarity of meaning and resulting in language manipulation and deviation of language function as tool of cooperation. Moreover, this article is part of the result of the research entitled: Verbal violence in Political Discourse during Jakarta Election: A study of Socio-Pragmatic Discourses.
Accounting for Estimation Uncertainty and Shrinkage in Bayesian Within-Subject Intervals: A Comment on Nathoo, Kilshaw, and Masson (2018)
Authors: Heck Daniel W.
Published: October 2018

To facilitate the interpretation of systematic mean differences in within-subject designs, Nathoo, Kilshaw, and Masson (2018, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 86, 1-9) proposed a Bayesian within-subject highest-density interval (HDI). However, their approach rests on independent maximum-likelihood estimates for the random effects which do not take estimation uncertainty and shrinkage into account. I propose an extension of Nathoo et al.'s method using a fully Bayesian, two-step approach. First, posterior samples are drawn for the linear mixed model. Second, the within-subject HDI is computed repeatedly based on the posterior samples, thereby accounting for estimation uncertainty and shrinkage. After marginalizing over the posterior distribution, the two-step approach results in a Bayesian within-subject HDI with a width similar to that of the classical within-subject confidence interval proposed by Loftus and Masson (1994, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1, 476-490).
A Tale of Three Cities: The State of Racial Justice in Chicago Report
Authors: Henricks Kasey , Lewis Amanda E. , Arenas Iván , Lewis Deana G.
Published: October 2018

Chicago’s largest racial and ethnic groups—blacks, Latinxs, and whites—each makes up roughly one-third of the city’s population. As this report reveals, these groups generally live in separate neighborhoods and have divergent experiences when it comes to housing, economics, education, justice, and health. Capturing life in Chicago today isin many ways a tale of three cities.
Growth Enhancement of Phragmites australis, Eichhornia crassipes and Saccharum officinarum for Rhizoremediation of Crude Oil
Authors: Ubogu Monday , Odokuma Lucky O. , Akponah Ejiro
Published: October 2018

P. australis, E. crassipes (in mangrove swamp) and S. officinarum (in rainforest) are capable of tolerating some levels of crude oil in soil. However, some important growth characteristics such speedy growths, extensive root system and increased biomass desirable for efficient rhizoremediation are depressed. To cushion this suppressive effects, plants were subjected to the following treatments: Plant + Soil (PS) (Control); Plant + Soil + Oil (PSO); Plant + Soil + Oil + Fertilizer (PSOF); Plant +Soil + Oil + Fertilizer + Microorganisms (PSOFM); and Plant + Soil + Fertilizer + Microorganisms + Solarization (PSOFMS). Treatments were monitored for 120 days to determine their effects on the following growth parameters: Germination, germination percentage, height, and root length, dry weight, and leaf area. Results indicated that treatments PSOF, PSOFM and PSOFMS enhanced all growth parameters over contaminated untreated soil (PSO) with the exception of germination in P. australis and S. officinarum; while root length, leaf area in E. crassipes were statistically the same for PS, PSO, PSOFM and PSOFMS (P ˂ 0.05). Overall, growth enhancement efficiencies of the applied treatments were in the order: PSOFM ˃ PSOF ˃ PSOFMS. Thus, growth of these plants can be enhanced in crude oil contaminated soil by the above treatments for efficient rhizoremediation.
Evaluación del sistema de autoconsumo en el suministro de dietas sin fibra larga a terneros alimentados a corral
Authors: Simeone Alvaro , Beretta Virginia
Published: October 2018

Se evaluó el efecto del sistema de suministro del alimento en el desempeño y comportamiento de vacunos en crecimiento manejados en confinamiento. Cuarenta y ocho terneros Hereford (148,3 ± 25,8 kg; 272 ± 20 días de edad) fueron sorteados al azar a ocho corrales a cielo abierto y estos a uno de dos tratamientos, consistiendo en una ración totalmente mezclada sin fibra larga (PC: 16,2 %, EM: 2,51 Mcal/kg) ofrecida ad libitum y distribuida en forma semanal en tres comidas diarias (SD) o usando comederos de autoconsumo ubicados en cada corral (AC). Estos últimos se rellenaron cada siete días, monitoreándose diariamente la disponibilidad ad libitum del alimento. El experimento tuvo una duración de ocho semanas, estando precedido por cuatro semanas de introducción a la dieta e instalaciones experimentales. Fue analizado según un diseño de parcelas al azar con medidas repetidas en el tiempo. Los terneros en AC registraron menor ganancia de peso (GP, 1,362 vs. 1,516 kg/d; P < 0,05) y menor consumo de materia seca (CMS, 5,7 vs. 6,7 kg/día; P < 0,05) pero tendieron a ser más eficientes en su conversión (4,2:1 vs. 4,4:1 kg MS/kg GP; P = 0,08) con relación a SD. El sistema de suministro no afectó la variación entre días en el CMS (P > 0,1), pero determinó mayor actividad de CMS y menor descanso en SD (P < 0,01) y un patrón diurno de CMS más estable en AC. A la salida del corral los terneros en SD fueron más pesados con relación a AC (P < 0,05) pero no difirieron en el engrasamiento (P > 0,1). Estos resultados evidencian al AC como un sistema de suministro viable para el tipo de dieta evaluada ofrecida a terneros alimentados a corral.
Dispersión de adultos de Piezodorus guildinii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) entre cultivos de soja y de alfalfa
Authors: Miguel Lucía , Panizzi Antônio Ricardo , Zerbino María Stella
Published: October 2018

Se estudió la dispersión de adultos de Piezodorus guildinii entre cultivos adyacentes de soja y alfalfa. Desde el inicio de la formación de vainas de la soja (R3) hasta semilla completamente desarrollada (R6), se aplicaron semanalmente en cada cultivo proteínas marcadoras (alfalfa = caseína bovina, soja = proteína de soja). En ambos cultivos se establecieron dos transectos separados por 12 m, con siete puntos de muestreo cada 7,5 m. Los insectos fueron colectados con red entomológica en las 48 horas posteriores a cada aplicación. Luego se realizaron inmunoensayos ELISA indirectos. En total se colectaron 464 adultos de P. guildinii, 166 en soja y 298 en alfalfa. El 72,41 % fueron positivos al menos para una proteína. La eficiencia de marcado fue 53,61 y 89,10 % para caseína bovina y proteína de soja, respectivamente. Los insectos se movieron de manera unidireccional y bidireccional entre los cultivos. Los movimientos unidireccionales predominantes fueron desde la soja, lo que sugiere que la presencia de un cultivo de alfalfa sin cortes cerca del cultivo de soja reduce la colonización de P. guildinii en este último cultivo. La distancia de dispersión varió entre 2,5 y 47,5 metros; con una media de 17,4 metros. Los resultados indican que la técnica de inmunomarcado de adultos de P. guildinii es útil para conocer cómo este insecto usa parches adyacentes de hábitat, lo que contribuirá a diseñar estrategias de manejo de plagas.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP ROTOR DYNAMICS STUDY
Authors: Isametova Madina , Absadykov Bakhyt , Batyrgaliyev Marat , Borovik Ivan
Published: October 2018

Rotary machines just like other complex technical devices, are the subject to vibrations that can lead to harmful effects during operation, and sometimes to destruction of individual elements, for example, reference nodes . The main source of vibration in such machines is a rotating element - the rotor, to which the centrifugal forces act in presence of shell elements or their residual imbalance. This is the main and inevitable type of vibration of any rotary machine. The unbalanced rotor always oscillates with the reference frequency, that is, the rotation velocity. In this case, the resulting centrifugal forces can cause not only vertical and horizontal vibrations, but also, under certain conditions, axial vibrations.
The analysis of the dynamic behavior of the rotor under the influence of these forces should be carried out to any rotary machine both as at the design and operational stages, and so in case of operational accidents.
The purpose of this work is to determine the main dynamic parameters and characteristics of the rotor of a centrifugal pump, taking into account the shell elements, determination of critical rotation velocities and the derivation of results in the form of the Campbell diagram with visualization of the rotor motion paths to determine the danger of resonance modes. To achieve this goal, the NASTRAN engineering analysis system of the standardized DMAP procedure "Rotodynamics" was used. The rotor was modeled as a shaft of piecewise constant cross section with shell elements modeled in the form of concentrated masses with inertia of rotation. In the article the results of calculations of two design schemes of a rotor of the pump with fastening the end of a shaft at a guide support, in the form of a caprolon sleeve and at a bearing support are given.
Staatliche Lohnarbeiter im Kapitalismus
Authors: Armanski Gerhard
Published: October 2018

Staatliche Lohnarbeiter im Kapitalismus
Bedingungen sozialistischer SoIidarität
Authors: Assistentenzelle Sozialistischen
Published: October 2018

Bedingungen sozialistischer SoIidarität
Design and Simulation of Smart Control System for Internet Traffic Distribution on Servers by Using Fuzzy Logic System
Authors: Daoud Raid , Al-Khashab Yaareb
Published: October 2018

The internet service is provided by a given number of servers located in the main node of internet service provider (ISP). In some cases; the overload problem was occurred because a demand on a given website goes to very high level. In this paper, a fuzzy logic control (FLC) has proposed to distribute the load into the internet servers by a smart and flexible manner. Three effected parameters are tacked into account as input for FLC: link capacity which has three linguistic variables with Gaussian membership function (MF): (small, medium and big), traffic density with linguistic variables (low, normal and high) and channel latency with linguistic variables (empty, half and full); with one output which is the share server status (single, simple and share). The proposed work has been simulated by using MATLAB 2016a, by building a structure in the Fuzzy toolbox. The results were fixed by two manners: the graphical curves and the numerical tables, the surface response was smoothly changed and translates the well-fixed control system. The numerical results of the control system satisfy the idea of the smart rout for the incoming traffics from the users to internet servers. So, the response of the proposed system for the share of server ratio is 0.122, when the input parameter in the smallest levels; and the ratio is 0.879 when the input parameters are in highest level. The smart work and flexible use for the FLC is the main success solution for most of today systems control.
Modified Method for Minimizing Current Distortion of A Single Phase Bridge Rectifier Based on Current Injection
Authors: Saleh Al-hyali Aasef , Zynal Hussien , Mahmood Addelelah
Published: October 2018

Single phase bridge controlled rectifier, nonlinear load,, produces harmonics that effects on power quality of the AC power system. These distortions cause different problems that need to be solved. Therefore, reducing harmonics is very important issue. In this paper, line injection technique is used to reduce harmonics on the ac side of the single-phase bridge controlled and uncontrolled rectifier. This method depending on injecting harmonic components of the dc converter current with an opposite phase to its ac side lines at a particular frequency to get sinusoidal wave as possible and improving the power factor. Two injection circuits are used. The simulation results of the modified suggested circuits have been compared in order to show the advantages and disadvantages of each type. Parameters of the injection circuits are chosen depending on derived mathematical equations. The system is modeled implemented by  Matlab/Simulink. Simulation results show that THD of the AC current reduced about 81% with power factor around unity.
Utilization of Self-Excited Three-Phase Induction Generator System
Authors: Saied Basil , Mohammed Hasan
Published: October 2018

In this paper the analysis of a three phase self-excited induction generator system under transient and steady states with various load conditions are presented. In rare area where assumed no national grid is present, but hydro or wind energy may be available a cheap prime mover, such as micro hydro or wind turbine may be applied, which has fluctuating speed. In order to obtain self-excitation, a voltage source inverter based on sinusoidal pulse width modulation  strategy has been proposed. The generated voltage and frequency are regulated by adjusting modulation index value. The value of modulation index  depends also on the DC voltage level obtained from  batteries or solar panels. The proposed system has been also examined without main dc power source , but with the existence of bank capacitor located at the dc link side of the inverter, in this case  the generated active power should be equal to/or greater than the required active load power. DC chopper load has thus been utilized to absorb the extra active power, this will control the DC voltage across the capacitor while modulation index  will control the system AC  output voltage. The generated voltage waveform contains harmonic orders around and higher than the switching frequency, therefore three-phase high passive filter has been used to eliminate the harmonics effects. As a result the machine terminal voltage and frequency values are regulated and maintained constant for different types of loads at different prime mover speed cases. In all these cases, total harmonic distortion values are within the standard values.
GPS and GSM Based Tracking System for Objects Moving over Wide Geographical Areas
Authors: Ameen Fatima , Mohammed Ziad , Siddiq Abdulrahman
Published: October 2018

Tracking systems of moving objects provide a useful means to better control, manage and secure them. Tracking systems are used in different scales of applications such as indoors, outdoors and even used to track vehicles, ships and air planes moving over the globe. This paper presents the design and implementation of a system for tracking objects moving over a wide geographical area. The system depends on the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technologies without requiring the Internet service. The implemented system uses the freely available GPS service to determine the position of the moving objects. The tests of the implemented system in different regions and conditions show that the maximum uncertainty in the obtained positions is a circle with radius of about 16 m, which is an acceptable result for tracking the movement of objects in wide and open environments.
Isolation and Diagnosis of Candida Albicans from the Vaginal Canal and Test the Effect of Water Extract of Turmeric Inhibitor for Growth outside the Organism
Authors: Sultan Alhadedy Safaa , Irzoqy Al-Doory Maha
Published: October 2018

The curcumin found in the herbal plant Turmeric is the active ingredient for the treatment of many diseases as they have a set of useful properties that enabled them to be used as anti-inflammatory drugs and also used as antioxidants and based on recent studies have shown that curcumin is influential in the growth of fungi and bacteria was the goal. The main study of the current study is to test the effect of curcumin in the growth of yeast albicans Candida has been used in this research one way is the method of tablets soaked Turmeric extract water for two periods of time (2 hours - 24 hours) and then took the results that showed that turmeric has an anti-growth effect albicans Candida and increases this effect by increasing concentrations and duration of soaking. We can conclude that the turmeric extract can be used as an antimicrobial agent for the growth of vaginal albicans Candida.
توظيف انشطة ادارة المعرفة كأفضل مسار معرفي لتمثيل الذكاء الاصطناعي / دراسة تحليلية وصفية للنشاطات المعرفية في جامعة دهوك
Authors: الاشقر سيف
Published: October 2018

استهدف البحث التركيز على الأنشطة الأساسية في ادارة المعرفة ، وهي: (الاستحواذ والاختيار والتوليد والاستيعاب والنشر) التي تعالج المعرفة بأعتماد الذكاء الاصطناعي (AI) Intelligence Artificial، الذي يعد قاطرة التطور البشري القادم ويحكم القيام بتنفيذ حالات إدارة المعرفة لتتبنى (الحدث Episodic/ العمل) لكي يتناول المعرفة أثناء العمل، وبعبارة أخرى، فإن تنفيذ انشطة إدارة المعرفة بأعتماد وتوظيف تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي في كافة القطاعات الاقتصادية ،تعكس مجموعة وقائع تختلف في هيكلها ووظائفها وأغراضها وتتفرع في حالات مختلفة لتحقق مدى من المهام المختلفة وفقاً للجهود البحثية التي تطرحها ، ولما كانت المنظمة في حقيقتها تعيش على المعرفة وتتطور وتنمو باستخدام افرادها للجديد والمتطور منها، كأعتماد أنظمة الذكاء الاصطناعي في تنفيذها ، اذ تنتهي حياة المنظمة بتعذر الحصول على الموارد المعرفية اللازمة لاستمرارها ، ولغرض الحصول على هذه الموارد المعرفية يحتاج المورد البشري في المنظمة إلى تقنيات توفر مزيدا من الخيارات والتسهيلات للمستخدمين للتعامل مع التكنولوجيا الحديثة، يقودها الذكاء الاصطناعي فهو لا يوفر الفهم الواسع لظاهرة إدارة المعرفة حسب بل يعمل كوسيلة لبقاء المنظمات واستمرارها .

وعليه تم القيام بدراسة استطلاعية اولية في جامعة دهوك في العراق خلال المدة (2-30/5/ 2018)  لتمثل عينة البحث، من خلال اعتماد استمارة الاستبانة بغرض تشخيص البعد الأكثر تاثيرا منها من خلال الاعتماد على البرمجية الجاهزة SPSS .ولتحقيق ذلك تم اعداد مخطط افتراضي يتضمن متغيرات البحث ,فضلا عن صياغة عدد من الفرضيات الرئيسة والفرعية تم اختبارها من خلال عدد من الاساليب الاحصائية  . وقد تم توزيع (40) استمارة  لغرض التحليل.وقد توصل البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات كان ابرزها : نتائج الاختبار الاحصائي (T-Test) ان جامعة دهوك قد استجابت وبسنة جيدة لاعتماد نشاطات إدارة المعرفة ومعالجتها بأعتماد تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي ،وقد تم تقديم عدد من التوصيات المتوافقة مع تلك الاستنتاجات.
دراسة حساسية بكتريا شيكلا في الغشاء الحيوي للمضادات الحيوية ومقارنتها مع حساسية البكتريا حرة المعيشة
Authors: شريف هاجر علي , غريب ساره صباح
Published: October 2018

أظهرت نتائج الاختبار عن حساسية عزلات الشيكلا لـ (21) مضادا حيويا امتلاك عزلات الشيكلا مقاومة مطلقة للعديد من المضادات وحساسية مطلقة لعدد من المضادات الأخرى. كما تم اختبار حساسية جرثومة شيكلا في الغشاء الحيوي لاربعة من المضادات الحيوية (Tobramycin ,Imipenem , Amikacin , Nitrofuratoin) بطريقة الاقراص  و أظهرت النتائج ان المضاد Imipenem هو المضاد الوحيد الذي أبدى فعالية تثبيطية لعزلات الشيكلا في الغشاء الحيوي.