bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review Paper on Recent Advances of Biotechnology Application to Aquaculture Development
Authors: Mubarak.Umar Bello , O Elezuo Kalu
Published: June 2024

Recent advances in biotechnology have significantly impacted aquaculture production, revolutionizing the industry. which explores key developments in applying biotechnological tools to enhance various aspects of aquaculture. Molecular techniques, such as genetic manipulation, have enabled the selective breeding of fish for desirable traits, improving growth rates, disease resistance, and overall productivity. Furthermore, the application of advanced genomics and bioinformatics has facilitated the identification of specific genes associated with important traits, paving the way for precision breeding. Biotechnological interventions also extend to disease management in aquaculture. Novel diagnostic methods based on molecular biology enable early detection of pathogens, contributing to effective disease prevention and control. Vaccines developed through biotechnological approaches have shown promise in protecting aquatic species against various infections, reducing reliance on traditional antibiotics. Nutrition is another critical aspect benefiting from biotechnological advancements. Genetically engineered feed formulations, enriched with essential nutrients, enhance the overall health and growth of aquaculture species. Furthermore, by enhancing feed conversion efficiency and waste management, probiotics and prebiotics obtained from biotechnological processes aid in the development of sustainable and ecologically friendly practices. Aquaculture and biotechnology are integrated in environmental conservation and monitoring projects. Aquatic organisms are guaranteed ideal conditions through real-time water quality monitoring made possible by biosensors and molecular tools. Utilizing genetically engineered organisms, bioremediation techniques help to lessen the negative environmental effects of aquaculture operations. In conclusion, recent advances in biotechnology have propelled aquaculture towards a more sustainable, efficient, and environmentally conscious industry. The integration of molecular techniques, genetic manipulation, diagnostics, and environmental monitoring has opened new avenues for addressing challenges and optimizing production in aquaculture. The continued exploration and application of biotechnological tools hold great promise for the future of this crucial food production sector.
Photo-dynamical Analysis of Circumbinary Multi-planet System TOI-1338: A Fully Coplanar Configuration with a Puffy Planet
Authors: Wang 王 Mu-Tian 牧天 , Liu 刘 Hui-Gen 慧根
Published: June 2024

TOI-1338 is the first circumbinary planet (CBP) system discovered by TESS. It has one transiting planet at P ∼ 95 days and an outer nontransiting planet at P ∼ 215 days complemented by radial velocity (RV) observation. Here we present a global photodynamical modeling of the TOI-1338 system that self-consistently accounts for the mutual gravitational interactions between all known bodies in the system. As a result, the three-dimensional architecture of the system can be established by comparing the model with additional data from TESS Extended Mission and published HARPS/ESPRESSO RV data. We report an inconsistency of binary RV signal between HARPS and ESPRESSO, which could be due to the contamination of the secondary star. According to stability analysis, the RV data via ESPRESSO are preferred. Our results are summarized as follows: (1) The inner transiting planet is extremely coplanar to the binary plane ΔI

b
∼ 0.°12, making it a permanently transiting circumbinary planet at any nodal precession phases; we updated the future transit ephemerides with improved precisions. (2) The outer planet, despite its untransiting nature, is also coplanar with the binary plane by

Δ

I
c

=
9

.°

1

−
4

.°

8

+
6

.°

0

(22° for the 99% upper limit). (3) The inner planet could have an extremely low density of 0.137 ± 0.026 g cm−3. With a TESS magnitude of 11.45, TOI-1338 b is an optimal circumbinary planet CBP for ground-based follow-up and transit spectroscopy.
Helium in Exoplanet Exospheres: Orbital and Stellar Influences
Authors: Krishnamurthy Vigneshwaran , Cowan Nicolas B.
Published: June 2024

Searches for helium in the exospheres of exoplanets via the metastable near-infrared triplet have yielded 17 detections and 40 nondetections. We performed a comprehensive reanalysis of published studies to investigate the influence of stellar X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) flux and orbital parameters on the detectability of helium in exoplanetary atmospheres. We identified a distinct “orbital sweet spot” for helium detection, 0.03 to 0.08 au from the host star, where the majority of detections occurred. This sweet spot is influenced by the stellar luminosity and planet size. Notably, a lower ratio of XUV flux to mid-UV flux is preferred for planets compared to nondetections. We also found that helium detections occur for planets around stars with effective temperatures of 4400–6500 K (i.e., spectral type K and G stars), with a sharp gap between 5400 and 6000 K, where no detections occur. We also report an upper-limit efficiency of 6% for energy-limited atmospheric escape from our analysis. Additionally, our analysis of the cumulative XUV flux versus escape velocity shows planets with helium detections above the “cosmic shoreline,” where atmospheres are not thought to be present, suggesting the shoreline needs revision. The unexpected trends revealed in our meta-analysis can contribute to a better understanding of star–planet interaction and exosphere evolution.
A JWST Project on 47 Tucanae: NIRSpec Spectroscopy of Multiple Populations among M Dwarfs*
Authors: Marino A. F. , Milone A. P. , Renzini A. , Dondoglio E. , Bortolan E. , Carlos M. G. , Cordoni G. , Dotter A. , Jang S. , Lagioia E. P. , Legnardi M. V. , Muratore F. , Mohandasan A. , Tailo M. , Ziliotto T.
Published: June 2024

We present the first spectroscopic estimates of the chemical abundance of M dwarf stars in a globular cluster (GC), namely 47 Tucanae. By exploiting NIRSpec on board the James Webb Space Telescope, we gathered low-resolution spectra for 28 stars with masses in the range ∼0.4–0.5 M
⊙. The spectra are strongly affected by the H2O water vapor bands, which can be used as indicators of oxygen abundance. The spectral analysis reveals that the target stars feature a different O abundance, with a difference of ∼0.40 dex between the first and the most polluted second population. The observed range is similar to that observed among red giant stars. This result reinforces previous findings based on the analysis of photometric diagrams, including the “chromosome maps,” providing a first, and more direct, evidence of light element variations in the M dwarfs’ mass regime. The observation that the multiple populations, with their variations in light elements, exhibit the same patterns from the lower main sequence all the way to the red giant branch further strengthens the notion that multiple stellar populations in GCs formed in a series of bursts of star formation.
Chemical Evolution via Dilution of an Initial Reservoir of Heavy Elements
Authors: Smith Graeme H.
Published: June 2024

As a possible analog to the type of environment that might have produced the first low-mass metal-containing stars, a model is outlined in which a reservoir of gas containing the first metals begins forming stars upon an inflow of metal-free gas from a surrounding environment. The mass of gas in the reservoir is assumed to initially increase, reach a maximum, and then follow an exponential decline. The stellar metallicity distribution brought about is an example of chemical evolution via dilution of an initial source of metals.
Determination of the Abundance of Mercury from the Hg ii Line at 5677.10 Å in Late B-type Stars. III. HD 145389 (ϕ  Her) and HD 186122 (46 Aql)
Authors: Monier Richard
Published: June 2024

The weak line of Hg ii located at 5677.10 Å is used to measure the mercury abundance in two HgMn stars, HD 145389 (ϕ Her) and HD 186122 (46 Aql). This line is detected at 3σ above the noise in the adjacent continuum in ϕ Her but not detected in 46 Aql. The synthesis of this line, using the current atomic parameters available in NIST, confirms a large overabundance of mercury in HD 143807, about 4.08 dex, which is actually smaller than the excess derived from the 3983.93 Å line in earlier studies. The synthesis of other lines close to the Hg ii line yields excesses in scandium (+1.9 dex), chromium (+1.0 dex) and yttrium (+3.34 dex) in ϕ Her.
A critical review of peatland ecosystem services research in Indonesia: Uncovering knowledge gaps and research needs
Authors: Yunus Mohammad
Published: June 2024

Peatlands provide a broad range of ecosystem services (ES) that are critical to ecosystem regulating and human well-being. However, anthropogenic activities threaten their existence, leading to degradation, destruction, and loss of these ecosystems. To effectively convey the value of peatlands, it is important to share knowledge on the ES they provide. This review aims to provide an overview of the ES provided by peatlands in Indonesia. We undertook a critical review of articles published on Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to investigate various aspects of peatland ES. Our examination encompassed data types, valuation methods, modes of assessment, ecosystem services categories, study site scale, temporal patterns, purposes of publication, and study limitations related to peatland ES. From a set of 1,115 potentially relevant papers, 45 were selected for analysis. Our findings showed that ES studies are heavily concentrated on the Kalimantan and Sumatra islands, with most studies focused on specific provinces such as Central Kalimantan and Riau. The most commonly used data type, method, and mode of assessment were secondary data, look-up tables, and economic valuation, respectively. Provisioning services were the most frequently studied ES category, followed by regulating services, supporting services, and cultural services. However, gaps persist, including limited data, understanding, and long-term sustainability consideration. Future research should address these gaps by focusing on underrepresented peatland ecosystems, integrating diverse approaches, and considering global peatland issues.
The polyphyletic Caucasus-centred Campanula subg. Scapiflorae (Campanulaceae) revisited with a newly circumscribed C. sect. Tridentatae for its core clade
Authors: Silakadze Nana , Mosulishvili Marine , Borsch Thomas , Kilian Norbert
Published: June 2024

Campanula L. is among the genera with the highest number of endemics in the Caucasus ecoregion. A group of attractive alpine and subalpine perennial rosette plants with short single-flowered stems centred in the Caucasus has been treated as Campanula subg. Scapiflorae or at other ranks, with considerably varying circumscription and classification. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of three plastid DNA regions (trnK/matK, petD, rpl16) of a strongly extended sampling, comprising 23 of the 27 commonly accepted taxa (85%) with 330 accessions built on and guided by the results of our previous study of the group, confirmed the polyphyly of C. subg. Scapiflorae in any of its circumscriptions. The core clade of the group comprises exclusively endemics and near-endemics of the Caucasus and is treated here as C. sect. Tridentatae in a revised circumscription. The phylogenetic relationships of the disparate other elements of the Scapiflorae group are outlined.
Cyrtomium adenotrichum (Dryopteridaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China
Authors: Nong You , Lei Li-Qun , Zhao Zi-Yi , Wei Gui-Yuan , Xu Chuan-Gui , Feng Bin , Qu Xin-Cheng , Jiang Ri-Hong
Published: June 2024

Cyrtomium adenotrichum Y. Nong & R.H. Jiang (Dryopteridaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. This new species is similar to C. nephrolepioides (Christ) Copel., C. obliquum Ching & K. H. Shing ex K. H. Shing, C. sinningense Ching & K. H. Shing ex K. H. Shing and C. calcis Liang Zhang, N.T.Lu & Li Bing Zhang in having erect rhizomes, dense, leathery lamina and rounded sori, but it can be easily distinguishable by its stipe sparsely glandular, base obvious oblique, basiscopic base truncate, acroscopic base auriculate or ovate.
Power, Knowledge, the Academy and Beyond
Authors: Charman Karen
Published: June 2024

This article brings to the fore the work of the Public Pedagogies Institute, a not-for-profit organisation, as an enactment of the public realm. This Institute stands within a lineage of education beyond formal sites of learning such as the Raphael Samuel History Centre and, prior to
this, Mechanics Institutes. In each of these instances these educational sites either challenge or depart entirely from knowledge generated in authorised or elite institutions. The continuation of instances where education can occur beyond sites of formal education is becoming increasingly
critical in a challenge to what and whose knowledge is considered of value. One of the central questions this article attends to is how knowledge that circulates outside of the academy, such as that which occurs within the Public Pedagogies Institute, can be recognised. An analysis of the
Institute as a site for knowledge formation is undertaken through the ideas of Hannah Arendt, specifically her concept of the public realm, to critically examine the possibilities for knowledge. For Arendt, her concept of the public realm is a space where the revelation of who we are engenders
the possibility of new beginnings. The significance of undertaking such an analysis through the work of Arendt is to foreground how iterations of the public can be recognised as sites of education.
Responding to In-hospital Cardiac Arrests During Times of System-wide Strain: A Code Refresher Training
Authors: Northrop Deanne , Decker Veronica , Woody Aislinn
Published: June 2024

Background:

Pandemic conditions of system-wide strain are associated with increased rates of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). During normal times, medical-surgical nurses may forget cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills as soon as 3 months after training, leaving them unprepared and anxious about managing cardiac arrests. During pandemic surges, heightened anxiety can also impact concentration and confidence.

Method:

Clinicians offered a 45-minute mock code training refresher for medical-surgical nurses to improve confidence performing CPR while adhering to pandemic-related safety procedures. In this pre-post clinical education project, nurses' confidence was measured with the Nursing Anxiety and Self-Confidence with Clinical Decision Making
©
Scale.

Results:

Although the results were not statistically significant, participants verbally reported increased confidence to initiate resuscitation, collaborate with team members, and use personal protective equipment during the posttraining debrief.

Conclusion:

A high percentage of RNs do not have adequate confidence and/or competence in performing CPR, particularly during times of system-wide strain, and this brief, inexpensive refresher training warrants further study.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2024;55(9):442–448.]
Navigated Focal Laser of Macular Telangiectasia Type I (Adult-Onset Coats' Disease)
Authors: Amoroso Francesca , Miere Alexandra , Colantuono Donato , Pedinielli Alexandre , Cohen Salomon Yves , Souied Eric
Published: June 2024

We aimed to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcome of selective photocoagulation of idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 1 by navigated focal laser (Navilas, OD-OS GmBH). Consecutive patients with idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 1 were included in the analysis. All patients were treated with navigated focal laser, planned on multimodal imaging. Seven eyes of seven patients were retrospectively analyzed. Navigated laser photocoagulation of idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 1 successfully occluded the microaneurysms, inducing regression of macular edema and exudation, significative improvement in best-corrected visual acuity at 3 (
P
= 0.035) and 6 months (
P
= 0.034) and a decrease in central macular thickness at 3 (
P
= 0.01) and 6 months (
P
= 0.01). Patients with idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 1 are ideal candidates for navigated laser treatment. Navigated focal treatment has been shown to be effective and safe in occluding aneurysmal dilations without any side effects.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2024;55:545–551.]
Evaluation of Long-term Posterior Segment Parameters in Children Who Had Recovered From Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome
Authors: Kıvrak Ulviye , Köle Mehmet Tolga , Akçay Güzide , Yükselmiş Ufuk , Genç Fatih Alparslan , Karaaslan Ayşe , Çetin Ceren , Arsan Aysu Karatay , Akın Yasemin , Şimşek Şaban
Published: June 2024

Background and Objective:

To evaluate long-term posterior segment findings in children recovering from multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Patients and Methods:

Our study included 22 patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit with a diagnosis of MIS-C between November 2021 and March 2022, and 25 healthy controls. The study included pediatric patients who had an eye examination an average of 12.35 ± 2.18 months after recovery from MIS-C. Detailed eye examinations and measurements of all participants were obtained retrospectively from patient files. Posterior segment parameters were measured using swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCT-A); these parameters included peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), macular vascular densities (VD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area.

Results:

Mean age was 9.7 ± 3.6 years in the MIS-C group and 10.6 ± 2.8 years in the healthy control group (
P
= 0.316). There were no statistically significant differences between the MIS-C group and the healthy control group in terms of pRNFL thickness, CMT, and SCT. However, in the MIS-C group, the macular superficial vascular plexus and deep vascular plexus showed significantly lower VD in the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants compared to the healthy controls (
P
< 0.05 for all). A comparison of the superficial and deep FAZ area parameters of both groups showed no statistically significant difference (
P
> 0.05).

Conclusions:

We showed that patients who had recovered from MIS-C had retinal vascular damage at the long-term follow-up. Following up with these patients after recovery with OCT and OCT-A, which are noninvasive methods commonly used in the detailed evaluation of the posterior segment of the eye, could be beneficial for understanding the long-term effects of MIS-C on retinal microvasculature.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2024;55:518–526.]
Geographic Atrophy Natural History Versus Treatment: Time to Fovea
Authors: Zhang Casey , Kahan Elias , Begaj Tedi , Friedman Scott M. , Deobhakta Avnish , Heyang Michael , Shen Liangbo Linus , Moshfeghi Darius , Wai Karen , Parikh Ravi
Published: June 2024

Background and Objective

The Food and Drug Administration recently approved treatments of geographic atrophy (GA). Our study aims to quantify the time for a lesion to reach the central fovea based on reduction of GA growth rates from therapeutics compared to the natural history.

Patients and Methods

A previously published study calculates local border expansion rate of GA lesions at varying retinal eccentricities. In this study, we use these rates to model GA expansion toward the fovea and the effects of treatments that reduce growth in GA area by 15% to 45% on lesions of varying sizes with posterior margin 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, and 3000 µm from the fovea.

Results

Lesions with an area 8 mm
2
and posterior edge 500 µm from the fovea will reach the fovea in 5.08 years with no treatment, but the same lesions will reach the fovea in 5.85, 6.52, 7.36, and 8.46 years with a treatment that reduces growth in GA area by 15%, 25%, 35%, and 45%, respectively.

Conclusions

Distance of the posterior edge of the lesion was the primary factor in GA growth toward the fovea, and lesion size only minimally affects growth rates of GA. Based on the efficacy of current and future therapeutics and distance of GA to the fovea, our study provides the marginal time benefit of treatment to guide patients and clinicians, placing both the natural history of GA and the effects of current and future treatments into clinical context.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2024;55:576–585.]
Evaluation of entrepreneurship failure education in higher education from the perspective of the CIPP model and AHP-FCE methods
Authors: Tang Chaoyong , Sun Ruili , Chen Wanming
Published: June 2024

Entrepreneurial failure education aims to equip entrepreneurs with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate entrepreneurial setbacks and enhance their ability to manage failure effectively. The evaluation system of EFE is a crucial tool to estimate the development of entrepreneurial failure education (EFE) in universities and colleges, which ensures the high-quality development of EFE in universities and colleges. Based on the concept of EFE in universities and colleges, we built an evaluation index system of entrepreneurship education in universities and colleges in the context of the CIPP model. In addition, an evaluation model of EFE in colleges and universities was constructed by employing the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique. Moreover, the sample data from five universities in Hebei, Shanxi, and Jiangsu were chosen for evaluation research. The findings indicated that the EFE in higher education institutes was typically in an "average" state; the status of context, input, process, and product were relatively "strong", "very weak", "average", and "relatively weak". Thus, universities and colleges must strengthen the management ability of entrepreneurial failure, support the development of teachers, enhance the cultivation of entrepreneurial practice ability, construct the curriculum system of EFE in universities and colleges, and execute the implementation of entrepreneurial policies. This study provides an effective evaluation tool for EFE in colleges and universities and an essential reference for the quality of EFE in colleges and universities.
Deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model optimization techniques—Review for medical imaging
Authors: Latif Ghazanfar , Alghazo Jaafar , Khan Majid Ali , Ben Brahim Ghassen , Fawagreh Khaled , Mohammad Nazeeruddin
Published: June 2024

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has been expanding and is explored by researchers in various fields. In medical diagnosis, for instance, the field of AI/ML is being explored because if medical diagnostic devices are built and designed with a backend of AI/ML, then the benefits would be unprecedented. Automated diagnostic tools would result in reduced health care costs, diagnosis without human intervention, overcoming human errors, and providing adequate and affordable medical care to a wider portion of the population with portions of the actual cost. One domain where AI/ML can make an immediate impact is medical imaging diagnosis (MID), namely the classification of medical images, where researchers have applied optimization techniques aiming to improve image classification accuracy. In this paper, we provide the research community with a comprehensive review of the most relevant studies to date on the use of deep CNN architecture optimization techniques for MID. As a case study, the application of these techniques to COVID-19 medical images were made. The impacts of the related variables, including datasets and AI/ML techniques, were investigated in detail. Additionally, the significant shortcomings and challenges of the techniques were touched upon. We concluded our work by affirming that the application of AI/ML techniques for MID will continue for many years to come, and the performance of the AI/ML classification techniques will continue to increase.
The talk debrief experience: Intervention in prehospital personnel care during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Malas Olga , Perez-Cuit Xavier , García-Sicard Jordi , Cuartero Andrés , Cuartero Gemma
Published: June 2024

This study focused on the TALK Debrief Experience in the prehospital personnel (n = 1521) of a western Spanish healthcare region during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The study aimed to apply the TALK clinical debriefing intervention to out-of-hospital clinical staff during pandemics; identify their emotions, thoughts, coping strategies, and solution proposals; determine their demands for improving well-being and coping ability; and disseminate valuable knowledge for addressing trauma in similar situations. The study employed a qualitative methodology within a participatory action research (PAR) framework, conducting group discussions (n = 375) and employing the TALK clinical debriefing method as the guiding framework for the sessions. The discussion group meetings were facilitated by psychologists (n = 67) who had received training in this intervention technique. Various emotions were identified during the sessions, including fear of contagion, lack of control and security, work-related stress, and ethical dilemmas. Proposed solutions and coping strategies addressed increased security measures, promotion of social distancing, stress and anxiety management, and clarity in procedures and provision of protective equipment. The study also highlighted additional demands such as the need for clear information, psychological support, and changes in work practices like reducing strenuous shifts. In conclusion, despite study limitations, such as the lack of long-term follow-up, it emphasized the importance of comprehensively addressing well-being and working conditions during health crises.
Entre celebrações do passado e questionamentos do presente – novas perspectivas interpretativas sobre a Independência do Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Cecilia Helena L. de Salles
Published: June 2024

O objetivo principal do artigo é o de expor novas perspectivas interpretativas sobre o tema da Independência do Brasil, construídas por um rol significativo de estudos produzidos a partir dos anos de 1980. Esses estudos abriram caminhos teóricos inovadores e contribuíram para modificar a tradicional versão da Independência como conflito de caráter colonial, conservador e protagonizado por restritos setores sociais.
O gênero da nação: presenças e representações das mulheres na Independência do Brasil
Authors: Itaboraí Nathalie Reis
Published: June 2024

A construção das nações como comunidades imaginadas supõe a seleção de personagens e fragmentos de realidade a partir dos quais se erigem mitos e heróis nacionais. O quão representativas dos grupos que compõem a nação são estas representações é uma questão em aberto. Reconhecendo que a história oficial e suas releituras refletem não apenas o estado das pesquisas e das fontes históricas mas também as relações de poder na sociedade, as desigualdades de estatuto e classe social, gênero e raça são bases para o reconhecimento ou invisibilização de contribuições diversas na formação de uma nação.As mulheres, sobretudo quando pobres e racializadas, tendem a ser invisibilizadas na história política de países marcados por patriarcado e racismo. Em relação às lutas pela Independência do Brasil, a versão oficial absorveu aos poucos nuances discretas de participação feminina, incorporadas diferentemente conforme suas condições desiguais, como a contribuição de Leopoldina, esposa legítima e imperatriz, para que ocorresse o “grito do Ipiranga”, bem como o papel de um conjunto de mulheres que lutaram pela consolidação da Independência na Bahia, como Maria Quitéria, Maria Felipa e Joana Angélica, que refletem a condição diversa das mulheres brasileiras na passagem da Colônia ao Império.Considerando que a política é talvez o espaço onde menos se avançou na construção da igualdade de gênero no Brasil, este trabalho pretende contribuir para a análise de como na representação da Independência se reinventam ou se repetem visões dos limites e possibilidades da participação política feminina no Brasil.
Cultural diplomacy in the national construction of Brazil: the French artistic mission of 1816
Authors: Neto Hermano do Amaral Pinto , Ferreira Gabriela Gomes Coelho
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role played by Portuguese authorities alongside Joachim Le Breton in the establishment of the 1816 French artistic mission to Brazil, as an international movement that could be understood as a notable predecessor to what we know today as cultural diplomacy. Cultural diplomacy is a term that often refers to the instrumentalization and projection of culture into the international arena. In this sense, culture was leveraged as an international asset for the construction of the Brigantine monarchy in Brazil. In this article we propose a wider approach in which “European culture” is instrumentalized by a state to elevate a colony to an Empire, capable of accommodating its European ruling class and sovereign.
Brazilian students in Coimbra: The Academic volunteer Battalion and the defense of liberalism in Portugal (1826–1828)
Authors: Oliveira Kelly Eleutério Machado
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this research paper is to discuss the participation of Brazilian students enlisted in the Academic volunteer Battalion of Coimbra (1826-1828). Starting from the analysis of nominative lists, correspondence, registry books from the General Police Superintendency’s Office, memories, among others – documentation deposited at the National Archive of Torre do Tombo, National Library of Portugal, and at the Historical Archive of the University of Coimbra – we intend to investigate the bonds that brought together Portuguese and Brazilian in defense of the Constitutional Charter and the legitimacy of Don Pedro I (IV of Portugal) to the Portuguese throne. The letters from Sátiro Mariano Leitão, from Maranhão, suggest that the Brazilian students enlisted in the Battalion to defend liberalism more than to, necessarily, suggest projects of union between the two crowns, even though there were interests in that direction. Thus, it was necessary to defend a monarch who could guarantee the constitutional regime and stop the advance of absolutism embodied, in this Portuguese scenario, in Don Miguel.
O impacto da Independência do Brasil em Angola: A tentativa de anexação de Angola ao Império do Brasil (1823-1825)
Authors: Kossi Mercio Norberto
Published: June 2024

Este artigo centra-se nas relações entre o
Brasil e Angola, de 1648-1822, deste modo foca-se mais em justificar a
forte dependência de Angola em relação ao Brasil, enfatizando as
repercussões desta independência, especialmente na região de Benguela,
que foi um palco do contencioso diplomático-militar entre o Reino de
Portugal e o império do Brasil.
Not So “Silent”: Art, Political Expression and the Subtle Use of the Public Sphere in the Work of Pakistan’s Artivists
Authors: Iqbal Samina
Published: June 2024

During its 75 years of existence as a nation, Pakistan has experienced significant periods of drastic military rule. These circumstances have notably heightened political instability, contributing to intensifying the enduring conflict between left- and right-wing factions within the country. This turmoil has significantly affected the country’s social fabric, giving rise to a climate of inequality, disillusionment, and disorientation. The visual culture of Pakistan plainly reflects the country’s sociopolitical unease and turbulence. The notion of freedom of expression, in any form, is almost non-existent in this challenging environment. Within this oppressive atmosphere, visual artists operate a delicate balance between attempting to maintain the integrity of their aesthetic practices and not compromising their political expression. Any activism that addresses social and political inequalities or resists the status quo, even though performed moderately, often results in penalties, censorship, or even the destruction of their work. Nevertheless, certain artists persist in creating art that challenges and highlights social issues amid the prevailing oppression. My contribution here utilizes Jürgen Habermas’s Public Sphere theory to examine the discourse on art activism. It investigates how art has the potential to serve as a platform for criticism and resistance in Pakistan’s current political context.
Artivism Unveiled: Tracing the Historical and Aesthetic Roots of Artistic Activism in South Asia
Authors: Nercam Nicolas
Published: June 2024

The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive exploration of the historical and artistic dimensions of contemporary artistic activism in South Asia. Focusing on modern and contemporary visual art history, it identifies key milestones in the relationship between art and politics in the region—a rich and extensive history stretching from the early 20th century during the anti-colonial struggle to the geopolitical shifts of the 1990s. Over this period, the dynamic interplay between art and politics gave rise to groundbreaking artistic forms, shaping the perspectives of contemporary activism in South Asia, whether through rejection or adoption. Employing a chronological approach to this subject allows for an understanding of the major trends that characterize the art field in a rapidly changing context. Simultaneously, the examination of specific regional examples helps identify expressions of the evolving connection between aesthetics and politics, shedding light on the distinctive and fluid role of artists engaged in political expressions.
Perspectives on Ambedkarian Aesthetics and Social Movements
Authors: Alone Yashadatta , Roy Anupam
Published: June 2024

This contribution proposes to restitute a conversation organized between the art historian and professor at JNU, Yashadatta Alone, and the practicing artist Anupam Roy. These two protagonists discuss constitutive characteristics of artistic activism in South Asia, and focus on four main thematics: the impact of the concept of “Brahmanical Modernity,” how it has contributed to the constitution of the history of Modern Art in India, as well as its persistence in writing an artistic contemporaneity in India; the investment of established political parties, especially the Communist Party of India (CPI) and other political parties, in Dalit artistic activism; the emergence of an “Ambedkarian aesthetics” and possible ways of showing an engaged Dalit art within the structures of the Indian art market (private galleries and government venues); and whether the advent of Dalit art allows for the emergence of new artistic practices, as well as new places to exhibit artistic productions. This is a discussion between two friends and colleagues belonging to two different generations but sharing a long-term involvement with art activism in their own writings and art productions.
Dissent Art in the Digital Age: Insights into the Culture of Artivism on Instagram in India
Authors: Parmar Bhawna
Published: June 2024

The introduction of the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) in 2019 marked a discernible change in the landscape of online protest art. As protests against the act gathered momentum, a surge in the art endorsing the movement dominated Indian social media and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. This wave was propelled by a cohort of “artivists” with social and cultural influence who were positioned favorably on the digital spectrum. They used platforms such as Instagram to craft and share protest art, leveraging social media to express their dissent. The intensification of the online protests subsequently led to instances of individual and organized abuse directed at the artists, including mob attacks and threats of First Information Reports. This paper explores this phenomenon through extensive interactions with online “artivists” in India in order to understand the cultural shift and emphasize the similarities and differences between virtual dissent art and traditional forms of art activism. Adopting a qualitative methodology that combines digital ethnography and semi-structured interviews, the author—who also found her artistic voice amidst this movement—seeks to capture the artists’ approaches and subjectivity. The paper further delves into the limitations and constraints posed by social media platforms, addressing the issue of online harassment faced by artivists on Instagram. Lastly, it engages in a discourse on how social media commodifies dissent within the landscape of digital capitalism.
Revaloriser les enseignant∙es par l’engagement ? La reconnaissance du travail et ses implicites
Authors: Palet Léa
Published: June 2024

Cet article s’intéresse au mouvement de procéduralisation de la reconnaissance de l’engagement enseignant dans le second degré en France. En particulier, la réforme opérée entre 2012 et 2017, durant laquelle différents dispositifs de gestion ont été créés afin de formaliser et récompenser l’engagement au travail des professeur∙es conformément à la version dominante qu’en diffuse le ministère de l’Éducation nationale, a représenté un moment charnière. Grâce à un dispositif empirique pluriel, cet article montre les tensions et les ambiguïtés qui entourent la production et la mise en œuvre de ces dispositifs. À cet égard, il interroge la place de ce mouvement dans un contexte plus global de transformations managériales de la fonction publique d’État, marqué par une double logique de normalisation des pratiques professionnelles et d’individualisation des carrières et des rémunérations de ses agents.
L’école du désengagement ? Sur-responsabilisation et impuissance des enseignants face aux difficultés des élèves
Authors: Mierzejewski Stéphan , Broccolichi Sylvain , Joigneaux Christophe , Dormoy Christelle
Published: June 2024

Différentes recherches et évaluations ont mis en lumière les doléances et les malaises croissants des professeurs des écoles (PE) face aux exigences en matière de réussite et d’inclusion des élèves qui leur ont été adressées depuis plusieurs décennies. Recoupant ces constats, nos recherches et les réflexions d’Howard Becker sur la genèse et les ressorts de niveaux d’engagements sociaux variables nous ont conduits à étudier les relations entre les buts assignés et les moyens attribués aux PE dans le système d’enseignement. Une recherche longitudinale sur les priorités d’action évolutives des PE débutants révèle que leurs socialisations et leur formation initiale les engagent fortement à tenter de prévenir et de réguler les difficultés de leurs élèves. Le caractère extrêmement chronophage et la complexité des opérations requises rendent toutefois cet engagement le plus souvent intenable dans la durée, au sein d’une organisation scolaire de plus en plus saturée par les injonctions contradictoires (jugées inconciliables par nombre de leurs collègues plus anciens). Des analyses complémentaires aident à comprendre que les politiques des dernières décennies ont de fait transféré aux enseignants la responsabilité d’assurer la réussite de tous leurs élèves par des aménagements pédagogiques locaux, sans veiller à favoriser les progrès attendus par des aménagements appropriés des formations et des conditions d’exercice de ces derniers. D’où la prégnance d’un sentiment d’impuissance pédagogique, avec les souffrances professionnelles et les risques de réactions défensives que ce sentiment induit face aux difficultés d’une fraction des élèves.
L’« alignement pédagogique » : un arbre qui cache la forêt ?
Authors: Romainville Marc
Published: June 2024

Avancé généralement comme une exigence normative requise pour tout dispositif de formation, le concept d’« alignement pédagogique » présente un taux de pénétration remarquable dans les écrits sur l’enseignement supérieur de ces dernières années. L’objectif de l’article est de poser un regard critique sur cette irrésistible ascension d’un concept qui, au vu de son dévoiement par rapport à ses intentions initiales, s’avère en définitive peu innovant et dispensable, voire dommageable dès lors qu’il exonérerait de soulever des questions plus essentielles pour l’analyse des dispositifs de formation de l’enseignement supérieur.
Médiations pédagogiques en jeu à l’heure des systèmes numériques interactifs : une revue de littérature narrative et critique
Authors: Detroz Pascal , Younès Nathalie
Published: June 2024

Les systèmes interactifs de rétroaction à usage synchrone (SIRUS) sont de plus en plus utilisés dans l’enseignement supérieur pour, par exemple, susciter l’engagement des étudiants dans les contenus, favoriser un apprentissage en profondeur, ou encore mettre en œuvre une pédagogie intégrant l’évaluation formative visant la régulation des enseignements et des apprentissages. Leur usage a donné lieu à une littérature riche et variée, aussi bien du côté francophone qu’anglophone. Sur la base d’une revue narrative et critique de la littérature, nous proposons une réflexion sur l’effet réel de l’usage de ces technologies sur l’engagement, les émotions et la performance des étudiants. Il apparaît que leur usage peut effectivement aider à stimuler le rappel des connaissances, stimuler l’attention, favoriser la compréhension, amener les étudiants à réfléchir, à s’exprimer et à développer leur pensée critique, mais à certaines conditions qui, dans une large mesure, doivent encore être précisées. En effet, la littérature abonde en résultats contradictoires qui nous invitent à des approfondissements théoriques et à des articulations méthodologiques.
Les variations sociales des représentations des élèves en agroéquipement des pratiques limitant l’usage des intrants chimiques
Authors: Benet Rivière Joachim , Guétat-Bernard Hélène , Domen Elisa , Frison Emma , Rasplus Valéry
Published: June 2024

Cet article étudie les rapports que les élèves inscrits dans l’enseignement secondaire agricole entretiennent avec les pratiques agricoles qui limitent l’usage des intrants chimiques, à partir d’un cas d’étude, le baccalauréat professionnel agroéquipement. Il s’agit de comprendre les variations sociales des points de vue des élèves vis-à-vis des pratiques récemment mises en œuvre dans leur établissement de formation, notamment celles issues de l’agriculture de conservation et l’agriculture biologique. Nous montrons que les techniques qui impliquent de réduire les labours et l’usage des intrants chimiques cristallisent une partie des oppositions entre élèves selon leur origine sociale. Les élèves issus de l’agriculture conventionnelle y sont plutôt défavorables. Toutefois, dans certaines configurations, les élèves d’origine agricole interrogés sont favorables à des pratiques qui limitent l’usage des intrants.
Intransigeants ou réticents ?
Authors: Boudes Philippe , Rondard Line , Tasset Cyprien
Published: June 2024

Au même titre que l’ensemble des sphères et institutions sociales, l’enseignement agronomique est l’objet de tensions quant à sa prise en charge des enjeux environnementaux. L’objet de cet article est de montrer comment les étudiants des écoles publiques d’ingénieurs agronomes prennent part à ces tensions et envisagent les enjeux de transition écologique de leur formation et depuis leur formation. L’enquête que nous avons menée auprès de ces étudiants (n = 1 157) visait à identifier leurs visions de la transition et les préoccupations et connaissances associées à celle-ci. Au-delà de l’apparente unanimité des répondants quant à l’inquiétude relative pour leur avenir et au souhait d’un renforcement d’une dynamique de transition écologique, trois profils d’étudiants agronomes se distinguent : les uns envisagent la transition comme une rupture devant impérativement être engagée avec l’ordre existant (type 1), d’autres la ressentent au contraire comme une injonction extérieure (type 3) tandis qu’un groupe intermédiaire se montre à la fois confiant dans les capacités de réforme et sensible aux limites du système (type 2). Nous détaillons les positions de ces types idéaux qui invitent à questionner le poids quantitatif d’une protestation étudiante écologiste parmi les élèves ingénieurs agronomes.
Les fermes des établissements de formation agricole publics, un lieu pour apprendre à naviguer dans le trouble et transiter vers l’agroécologie
Authors: Cayre Patrice , Rigolot Cyrille , Herbemont Pauline
Published: June 2024

Au cœur du dispositif d’enseignement agricole, les fermes des établissements sont aujourd’hui un avant-poste face aux crises écologiques. Ces fermes sont le lieu d’importantes frictions, entre des injonctions institutionnelles parfois contradictoires, et les intérêts variés de leurs travailleurs et partenaires. À partir d’un protocole d’enquêtes pragmatiques original, basé sur des entretiens approfondis de travailleurs et de partenaires de six fermes d’établissements, cet article propose de mettre à jour ces frictions mais également les diplomaties qui peuvent apparaître entre les êtres humains et non-humains qui peuplent ces fermes. Plutôt que viser une restitution exhaustive, les résultats sont présentés sous forme de trois récits, de façon à rendre compte finement des cheminements personnels, des émotions et tensions vécues sur les exploitations. Le premier récit, sur la ferme du lycée agricole d’Aurillac (15), montre comment une réalité moderne fondée sur un rationalisme « naturaliste » vient percuter le projet agroécologique dans les interactions de la directrice d’exploitation avec ses partenaires ; le second récit à Merval (76) illustre une agroécologie qui passe par le renoncement, la frugalité et la convivialité, impliquant un engagement du corps et des sens et une recomposition du monde économique de l’exploitation ; de retour à Aurillac, le troisième récit ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour la transition vers un monde où les êtres humains et non humains s’entremêlent et communiquent entre eux. Ensemble, ces trois récits donnent à voir un pluralisme ontologique dessinant une réalité à « géométrie variable » (Latour 2015). Pour éprouver le travail de diplomatie au cœur de ce pluralisme ontologique, les fermes des établissements pourraient être redéfinies comme des lieux d’expérimentation pour et avec les publics en formation, la communauté éducative et les partenaires agricoles et non-agricoles (« territoire écoles »). L’apprentissage par l’expérience permis par ces fermes est d’autant plus central qu’il se fait en situation de troubles, où il faut apprendre à naviguer avec les crises écologiques et ses aléas.
Savoir analyser les évolutions viticoles et œnologiques au sein du territoire d’une Indication Géographique : un dispositif pédagogique pour des élèves ingénieurs agronomes mis en œuvre au sein de l’AOC Touraine
Authors: Sigwalt Annie , Ruggieri Faustine , Coulon-Leroy Cécile
Published: June 2024

L’articulation des sciences techniques et des sciences sociales a de nombreux intérêts pour la formation professionnelle de futurs cadres de l’agriculture, amenés à la fois à s’adapter aux réalités des secteurs dans lesquels ils travailleront, et à savoir porter un regard critique sur les évolutions techniques, économiques, démographiques, environnementales et climatiques du monde agricole. C’est la raison pour laquelle, au sein du semestre de spécialisation sur le secteur viticole proposé aux élèves-ingénieurs de l’École supérieure des agricultures, en proche collaboration avec des professionnels de l’AOC Touraine, nous avons conçu, via une pédagogie articulée sur un projet d’étude, une approche interdisciplinaire des évolutions à venir pour les vignerons face aux questions environnementales et climatiques. L’objectif est de former nos étudiants à se saisir des enjeux auxquels l’organisme de défense et de gestion de l’AOC doit faire face sur les plans techniques, économiques et sociaux, tout en fournissant des éléments de réflexion à ses représentants. Nous exposons ici comment, au travers de cinq étapes, nos étudiants ont collecté différentes données sur les transformations en cours et à venir pour ensuite les analyser et être à même de formuler diverses recommandations aux commanditaires. Nous concluons sur les résultats de cette démarche, d’une part sur le plan pédagogique, d’autre part sur les enseignements tirés de ce travail de terrain, à la fois pour les professionnels de l’AOC, pour les étudiants, et pour nous, en tant qu’enseignantes et chercheuses.