bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الإبلاغ عن معلومات أداء الخدمات في الوحدات الحكومية العراقية على وفق IPSAS-RPG3/بالتطبيق على مديرية الموارد المائية نينوى
Authors: يحيى السقا زياد هاشم , عبدالله السندي علي مال الله
Published: March 2024

يهدف البحث الى عرض انموذج للإبلاغ عن أداء الخدمات وفق دليل الممارسات الموصى بها RPG3 الصادر عن مجلس معايير المحاسبة الدولية في القطاع العام IPSASB. اعتمد البحث المنهجين الوصفي والتحليلي لغرض تحقيق اهداف البحث واختبار فرضياتها من خلال دراسة وتحليل ما كتب حول متغيراته في المراجع والكتب والبحوث والدوريات العربية والأجنبية. وصولاً الى بناء الانموذج المقترح للإبلاغ عن أداء الوحدات الحكومية لخدماتها واختبار الانموذج من خلال تطبيقه على عينة البحث. وخلص البحث الى عدد من الاستنتاجات أهمها: اثبت التطبيق العلمي امكانية اعداد القوائم المالية للوحدات الحكومية العراقية وفق المعايير المحاسبية الدولية في القطاع العام بالاعتماد علـى تعليمـات النظـام المحاسـبي الحكومـي اللامركزي وما يوفـره مـن قوائم مالية وكشوفات وبيانات تحليلية، وبالتالي توفير متطلبات الإبلاغ عـن أداء الخدمات وفـق IPSAS-RPG3.
الآثار السلبية لتغيرات الإيرادات في الموازنة العامة للعراق للمدة 1970-2019
Authors: داود الجرجوسي سراء سالم
Published: March 2024

المشكلة التي يعاني منها العراق في الموازنة العامة عدم القدرة والسيطرة على اعادة تنظيم الإيرادات العامة لمواجهة المشكلات المتعددة التي يتعرض لها العراق خلال فترات زمنية طويلة من خلال الاعتماد الرئيسي على الإيرادات النفطية وعدم الاهتمام وضعف القدرة على التغيير في الهيكلية الضريبية كمعوضة للايرادات النفطية في حالة حصول التذبذب في اسعار النفط وانخفاض الطلب العالمي عليه وعدم قدرتها على تنشيط القطاعات الاقتصادية من اجل خلق قطاعات منتجة وفيها ايرادات متنوعة لتغذية الموازنة نتيجة الظروف الصعبة التي مر بها العراق، وتم اعتماد ارقام الموازنة الفعلية لسنة 2018 في وضع موازنات تقديرية لأفضل ولأسوأ موازنة تعتمد في البيئة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية للعراق، وتم تحليل الإيرادات العامة من حيث مكوناتها النفطية والضريبية والاخرى من خلال سلسلة زمنية 1970 ولغاية 2019 لمعرفة التغيرات التي حصلت خلال تلك الفترة والوقوف على اسبابها لذا تم التوصل الى العديد من الاستنتاجات وكان من اهمها، التذبذبات الكبيرة في مكونات الإيرادات العامة خلال 50 سنة، واعتماد موازنة العراق لفترة طويلة من السنوات على الإيرادات النفطية وبنسبة 85%-98% من الإيرادات العامة وهذا مما جعل عدم الاهتمام بالإيرادات الضريبية وكذلك سوء استخدام واستغلال للقطاعات الاقتصادية المختلفة في الحصول على الإيرادات. لذا يوصي البحث بجملة من التوصيات واهمها: خصخصة مؤسسات القطاع العام وبيعها للقطاع الخاص مع ضمان استمرار العاملين فيها وبضوابط وشروط قانونية متفق عليها، تقوم الدولة بأنشاء وتنفيذ بالكامل للمشروعات الصغيرة والمتوسطة وتشغيل العاملين فيها وبيعها للقطاع الخاص وان مشروعات مخططة ومنظمة وحسب حاجة الاقتصاد والمجتمع لها، خلق والعمل بأسلوب التعاونيات co-op على مختلف القطاعات الاقتصادية وتشغيل اكبر عدد ممكن من الايدي العاملة وترفع من المستوى المعاشي للافراد والحفاظ على مستويات مقبولة للاسعار والحد من حجم الاستيراد من خلال الانتاج المحلي للتعاونيات.
أثر تكاليف الإنتاج والتكاليف التسويقية في تحسين الكفاءة التسويقية دراسة تحليلية
Authors: سليمان صالح دوبان , زنزل حسن ثامر
Published: March 2024

بينت الدراسة الواقع الفعلي لتسويق محصول القمح في محافظة صلاح الدين والوقوف على أهم الوظائف التسويقية وتقدير الهوامش التسويقية والتكاليف التسويقية. واشارت المشكلة الى انخفاض الكفاءة التسويقية بسبب ارتفاع الهوامش التسويقية الناتجة عن زيادة الارباح وخلصت الدراسة الى أن اجمالي التكاليف التسويقية لعينة التجار في قضاء سامراء بلغت نحو (30000) للطن وأن التكاليف الثابتة شكلت (%32.85) من التكاليف الكلية وقدرت بنحو (147136200) دينار، أما التكاليف المتغيرة فبلغت (300716) دينار. اما الهامش التسويقي المطلق بلغ (167000) دينار/كغم، اما الكفاءة التسويقية فقد بلغت كمتوسط (%88.65). وأشارت النتائج إن الصيغة لوغاريتمية المزدوجة هي الأفضل، وإن (تكاليف العمليات التسويقية وتكاليف التحميل وتكاليف النقل وتكاليف التعبئة) ترتبط بعلاقة عكسية مع الكفاءة التسويقية، بينما تكاليف الإنتاج فعلاقتها طردية، وأوصت الدراسة بتوفير مستلزمات الإنتاج والتسويق للمزارعين وبنوعيات جيدة وأسعار مناسبة وتوفير وسائل نقل من أماكن الإنتاج الى السايلوات بأسعار مدعومة. وتقليل الزخم على بوابة السايلو عند التسويق، وعدم تأخير دفع المستحقات المالية للمزارعين وتشجيع التصدير وفتح المجال للتصدير بين المحافظات والعمل على استخدام الفرز والتدريج والتعبئة.
Using Multinomial Logistic Regression model to study factors that affect chest pain
Authors: Salh Samira Muhamad , Abdalla Hozan Taha , Omer Zhyan Mohammed
Published: March 2024

In this work Logistic Regression model was utilized which is one of the significant techniques for categorical data analysis, the purpose of this study to distinguish a use of Multinomial Logistic Regression method when model arrangements one (nominal/ordinal) response variable that has multiple classifications, regardless of whether nominal or ordinal variable. This  method has been applied in medical area and for application the data for heart disease was taken, the data that contains nine variables such as (Chest Pain, Age, Sex, Cholesterol, Fasting Blood Sugar, Thalac "Maximum Heart Rate", Exercise, Oldpeak "ST Segment Depression induced by Exercise relative to rest" and Blood Pressure). Where the Chest Pain is the Response variable and the eight other variables are explanatory variables, after analyzing the data we conclude that there are many significant variables in each reference categories in the model, specifically (Thalac "Maximum Heart Rate" and Exercise) were significant in each different categories in the Multinomial Logistic Regression Model.
أثر مكونات رأس المال الفكري في أبعاد المنظمة المتعلمة دراسة تحليلية لآراء الملاكات التدريسية في كلية الإدارة والاقتصاد/جامعة دهوك
Authors: شمس الدين فارس يونس
Published: March 2024

يهدف البحث الى وصف وتشخيص مكونات رأس المال الفكري وابعاد المنظمة المتعلمة وتحديد أثر مكونات رأس المال الفكري في ابعاد المنظمة المتعلمة في كلية الادارة والاقتصاد/ جامعة دهوك. ولمحدودية الابحاث التي تناولت العلاقة التأثيرية بين هذه المتغيرات، سعى الباحث الى تضمين بحثه الحالي هذه الابعاد لمتغيراتها ضمن إطار شمولي محاولة لدراسة العلاقة والتأثير فيما بين هذه المتغيرات. وكان منهج البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي واداة البحث الاستبيان ومجتمع البحث كلية الادارة والاقتصاد/جامعة دهوك متمثلة بالملاكات التدريسية اذ اشتملت عينة البحث على (54) استمارة الاستبانة.
          تم وضع انموذج افتراضي يعكس طبيعة العلاقات التأثيرية بين مكونات رأس المال الفكري وابعاد المنظمة المتعلمة ونتج عنه فرضيتين رئيستين ومجموعة من الفرضيات الفرعية والتي اختبرت باستخدام عدد من الوسائل الاحصائية من البيانات المجمعة في استمارة الاستبانة للكلية المبحوثة وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة من النتائج اهمها: وجود علاقة ارتباط معنوية وموجبة بين مكونات رأٍس المال الفكري وابعاد المنظمة المتعلمة وان اعلى علاقة ارتباط معنوية وموجبة بين متغيرات مكونات رأس المال الفكري وابعاد المنظمة المتعلمة كانت عند رأس المال العلاقاتي ثم رأس المال الهيكلي واخيرا رأس المال البشري. وان هنالك تأثير معنوي لمكونات رأس المال الفكري في ابعاد المنظمة المتعلمة، ومن متابعة نتائج تحليل الانحدار تبين ان اعلى تأثير بين مكونات رأس المال الفكري وابعاد المنظمة المتعلمة كانت مع رأس المال العلاقاتي ثم رأس المال الهيكلي واخيرا رأس المال البشري. وعلى ضوء النتائج تم تحديد عدد من التوصيات.
دور رأس المال الفكري الأخضر في تحقيق الهيبة التنظيمية دراسة تحليلية لآراء عينة من رؤساء الأقسام والشُعب الإدارية في دائرة صحة نينوى
Authors: عبودي صفاء إدريس , داغر حلا فازع
Published: March 2024

يسلط البحث الضوء على دور رأس المال الفكري الأخضر في تحقيق الهيبة التنظيمية في المنظمة المبحوثة التي تمثلت بـ دائرة صحة نينوى ومن اجل الوقوف على طبيعة ذلك الدور، اختيرت عينة تمثلت بـ رؤساء الاقسام والشعب الادارية، كما تم استخدام عدداً من الاساليب البحثية المتاحة لاختبار العلاقة بين المتغيرين والمستندة الى نمط وتوجه التساؤلات الفكرية والجوانب التطبيقية، ومن ثم علاقة الاثر بين تلك المتغيرات مما يضفي امكانية لتعميم النتائج على الميدان المبحوث، كما اعتمدت استمارة الاستبانة التي تم بنائها وفق ما عرض في الاطر النظرية والفكرية للمتغيرات المبحوثة، بوصفها اداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات والمعلومات التي تم تحليلها بواسطة البرنامج الاحصائي (SPSS) حيث تم توزيع (75) استمارة اعتمد منها (60) استمارة صالحة للتحليل الاحصائي، وقد مكنت نتائج البحث التطبيقية وتفسيراتها الباحثتان من طرح مجموعة من الاستنتاجات التي كان من اهمها بروز علاقات ارتباط وتأثير طردية ذات دلالة معنوية بين المتغيرات المبحوثة (منفردةً ومجتمعةً)، الامر الذي يؤكد تقارب نتائج البحث مع الاطر النظرية ومع ما ذهبت اليه فرضيات البحث، وبناءً على تلك الاستنتاجات عرضت المقترحات الهادفة لتعزيز واقع المتغيرات المبحوثة في الميدان المبحوث، وبما يمكن المنظمة المبحوثة من تعزيز رأس المال الفكري الأخضر كممارسة وتحسين سمعتها في النجاح بتوسيع ممارساتها المتجهة نحو الهيبة التنظيمية.
دور نظام التصنيع الذكي في التسليم في الوقت المحدد دراسة ميدانية في شركة كرونجي
Authors: حواس ثامر عكاب , ويردي نجاح مدد
Published: March 2024

هدفت البحث إلى التعرف على متطلبات تطبيق نظام التصنيع الذكي ومدى إمكانية توفيرها، وتأثير ذلك على تعزيز التسليم في الوقت المحدد للمنظمات الصناعية المبحوثة، وتمثلت أهمية البحث بانه يسهم التصنيع الذكي بمساعدة المنظمات الصناعية في تحسين التسليم في الوقت المحدد وتحقيق القدرات التنافسية في ظل التقلبات السوقية الكبيرة، ومن هنا تبرز مشكلة البحث بالتساؤل الرئيس والذي مفاده: ما هو دور نظام التصنيع الذكي في التسليم في الوقت المحدد؟ واتخذ البحث من شركة كرونجي مجتمعا له، وقد تم إجراء التحليل الوصفي لمتغيرات البحث من أجل التعرف على الاوساط الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية والأهمية النسبية ومعامل الاختلاف وتم توزيع قائمة فحص للعاملين في الخطين الانتاجيين بواقع 40 قائمة فحص وتم استرداد 30 قائمة فحص والتي تمثل ما نسبته (%75) من قوائم الفحص الموزعة، وتوصل البحث الى اهم النتائج: هناك تأثير لنظام التصنيع الذكي على التسليم في الوقت المحدد.
Impacts of leadership style on the organizational job performance Surveying public sector organizations in Kurdistan Region
Authors: Abdullah Nabaz Nawzad , Rasol Snobar Junayd , Prabhu M.
Published: March 2024

The style of leadership is important to organizational job performance. This study intends to investigate the leading style of leadership, which has a greater impacts on organizational job performance. It also studies the relationship between four common leadership styles including democratic, autocratic, charismatic, and transformational leadership on the organizational job performance in public sector organizations. The data was collected by using quantitative methods and the result was obtained upon 90 respondents. The findings indicate a significant relationship between charismatic leadership, transformational leadership, and organizational job performance. However, democratic leadership was found to have an insignificant but positive relationship with organizational performance. Autocratic leadership is also found to have a negative and insignificant relationship with organizational job performance as employees have the least saying and leaders using coercion and enforce their decision on employees without their participation. The study also indicated that charismatic leadership has the most effective effects on organizational job performance followed by the transformational leadership style. Democratic leadership has the least contribution to organizational job performance. This study helps public sector organizations in Kurdistan Region to enhance productivity, satisfaction, and commitment of the employees that together maintain organizational job performances.
Cultural Сode Figurative Picture of War in the Poetic Work of Blockade Children Evacuated to the Omsk Region
Authors: Khil'ko Nikolai Fedorovich , Gorelova Yuliya
Published: March 2024

The subject of research is the poetic creativity of blockade children. The purpose of the work: setting the problem of studying the cultural code of a huge layer of the poetic heritage of children-blockades evacuated to the Omsk region. The methodology of research consists in the use of a problem-semantic approach to the analysis of poetic creativity. The results of the work: significant factors of perception, a system for encoding moral and patriotic meaning poetic images of war and rear through a figurative picture of historical memory, moral and patriotic meaning of images of war and rear. The field of application of the results: the field of patriotic education in extracurricular and extracurricular work of secondary and higher educational institutions. The novelty of the study lies in a new formulation of the problem of poetic reflection and reflection of war in children's and adult poetic perception. New is also the methodology for analyzing impressions and experiences concentrated in the totality of ideas of children-blockade, aimed at identifying moral and patriotic meanings and dichotomy of images of war and rear. An extraordinary methodology of a problem-semantic approach to the analysis of poetic creativity. Conclusions: 1. The figurative picture of the war, created by the children's blockade in adult and children's poetry, expresses the wartime cultural code, which is to strive to protect their homeland, to accomplish a feat in the name of life, in which the moral and patriotic features of genuine heroism are concentrated. 2. At the same time, the cultural code of the figurative picture of the rear and military childhood of blockade children was manifested in a number of noble qualities of Siberian saviors. 3. At the same time, the decoding of the moral and patriotic meaning of the figurative picture of historical memory created by the blockade children includes the transition from figurative signs of memory, a culture of love for the Motherland, enclosed in figurative clichés to symbols of struggle, images of selflessness, archetypes of heroism, exploits to universal human values, expressed in identical poetic means.
Humanizm konfucjański. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Nowosad Sławomir
Published: March 2024

Artykuł przedstawia istotne elementy wizji humanistycznej w świetle założeń filozofii konfucjańskiej. Autor wielokrotnie odwołuje się do Dialogów Konfucjusza oraz do wypowiedzi jego najważniejszych spadkobierców – Mencjusza i Xunzi, jak również do współczesnej literatury przedmiotu. W tekście najpierw uwaga koncentruje się na rozumieniu wspólnej wszystkim ludziom samej natury ludzkiej, którą konfucjaniści różnie oceniali – jako dobrą lub złą, ale zawsze podległą formacji i doskonaleniu. Właśnie człowiek moralnie doskonały (junzi), charakteryzujący się zwłaszcza cnotami dobroczynności i miłości, zasługuje na miano osoby. W odróżnieniu od tradycji zachodniej konfucjanizm widzi ludzką podmiotowość i wartość nie tyle w racjonalności, ile w dojrzałości moralnej, wyrażającej się w autentycznej życzliwości i spolegliwości. Ten akcent z kolei pozwala dostrzec nieodzowny społeczny wymiar człowieczeństwa, który ujawnia się i kształtuje przede wszystkim w rodzinie, a następnie oddziałuje na całe społeczeństwo. W końcu artykuł wyjaśnia wspólne pochodzenie i współzależność człowieka, świata (wszechświata) i nieba. Ponieważ filozofia ta nie odwołuje się do nadprzyrodzoności czy do Boga, ani nie posiada żadnego mitu o stworzeniu, cała jej wizja humanistyczna jawi się jako świecka, jakkolwiek, przynamniej według niektórych autorów, niepozbawiona całkowicie swoiście rozumianego wymiaru transcendentnego.
Fundamentalismo
Authors: Pestana Álvaro César , Santos Faustino dos
Published: March 2024

This paper seeks to reflect on how fundamentalism hinders the process of actualizing divine Revelation in human history. Based on eminently bibliographical research, this work, after approaching the Schillebeeckxian understanding of divine Revelation realized in the person of Jesus of Nazareth, presents how the phenomenon of fundamentalism, which arises, among its functions, as a confrontation with secular culture and also as an element of resistance to the processes of historical-critical reading of the contents of faith, is configured as a challenge or obstacle to the actuality of Christian Revelation in history.
Cristologia em chave pastoral antropológica
Authors: Zanini Rogério Luiz
Published: March 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma abordagem cristológica a partir dos cinco sentidos diante dos desafios de evangelizar no contexto atual. A questão é: como realizar um processo de evangelização centrado no encontro pessoal com a pessoa de Jesus Cristo, que seja relevante diante da crise aguda que vive a humanidade? É preciso enfrentar as sombras do mundo que geram relações entre as pessoas marcadas pela indiferença, patriarcado, cultura do descarte, do ódio e do individualismo. Por sua vez, acreditamos que a cultura do encontro proposta pelo Papa Francisco pode ser visualizada por meio de um aprofundamento da experiência dos sentidos na ação evangelizadora. Ora, esta reflexão se propõe partindo da cristologia e percorrendo aspectos do modo como Jesus se fez valer dos sentidos em sua prática do anúncio do Reino de Deus, abrindo janelas para uma pastoral humanizadora. Depois de considerar algumas razões que justificam a importância de voltar ao frescor/amor de Jesus, tema fortemente presente no pontificado do Papa Francisco, o artigo dedica-se a percorrer o caminho de retomada de narrativas bíblicas, no sentido de perceber a forma como Jesus vive sua missão, destacando os cinco sentidos: visão, audição, paladar, olfato e tato. Como conclusão, afirma que a cristologia dos sentidos oferece elementos importantes para compreender melhor a dimensão humana de Jesus; colabora para um processo de inculturação e vivência litúrgica mais coerente com uma antropologia integrada sem dualismos e vislumbra um caminho humanizador/mistagógico para o prosseguimento da missão de Jesus de Nazaré.
Developing a Web-Based Descriptive Text Writing Material for Tenth-Grade Students
Authors: Satrio Bagas , Susilawati Endang
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to develop a teaching material which is applicable in teaching descriptive text writing for tenth-grade students of Senior High School. Branch’s ADDIE model was used in the study in developing the instructional teaching material. Due to certain situation during the process of this study, the ADDIE model was only implemented for three phases only namely analyzing, designing, and developing (ADD). The purpose of designing the final product was to support teachers in teaching descriptive text writing. A need analysis was conducted in this research to gain information regarding the teacher and students’ needs. The designed product of the research was a web-based teaching material in form of a learning website. The developed web-based teaching material consisted of three chapters. It covers the descriptive text learning, grammatical aspect of descriptive text, and descriptive text writing lesson. There are activities on the lesson and a test for each chapter to measure students’ comprehension of related chapter. Furthermore, a validation made by the teacher displayed a percentage of 87% on the first questionnaire and 88% for the second. Both of the result can be labelled as “Very Good”. The result indicated that the designed product is suitable to be used in classroom to teach descriptive text writing for tenth-grade student of senior high school.Keyword: Developmental Research, Web-Based Learning Material, Descriptive Text Writing
Exploring The Utilization of Folktales as Reading Materials for EFL Students
Authors: Safitri Isma
Published: March 2024

This literature review examines the utilization of folktales as reading materials for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. Folktales have long been recognized as valuable cultural resources that can enhance language learning and promote cultural understanding. The purpose of this review is to explore the existing research on the use of folktales in EFL classrooms and identify their potential benefits and challenges. The review follows a systematic approach, gathering relevant studies from various sources such as academic databases, books, and journals. The selected studies cover a wide range of contexts, including different grade levels, language proficiency levels, and cultural backgrounds. The findings indicate that incorporating folktales into EFL instruction offers several advantages. Firstly, folktales provide authentic and engaging reading materials that can capture students' interest and motivation. They also expose learners to diverse language structures, vocabulary, and cultural aspects, promoting both linguistic and cultural competence. Moreover, folktales encourage critical thinking, imagination, and creativity through the exploration of themes, morals, and characters. Strategies such as pre-reading activities, vocabulary support, and post-reading discussions are suggested to overcome these challenges and maximize the benefits of using folktales. As a result, the literature review underscores the potential of folktales as effective reading materials for EFL students. It calls for further research and practical applications that consider context-specific factors to optimize the integration of folktales in EFL classrooms and facilitate language learning and cultural appreciation.Keywords: Folktales, reading materials, EFL classrooms
Fully resolved simulations of micro-unit composite fuel in solid propellants: Al@AP
Authors: Xiaoya Chang , Mingjie Wen , Qingzhao Chu , Kai Hong Luo , Dongping Chen
Published: March 2024

Micro-unit composite fuel (Al@AP) is a promising strategy for achieving controllable combustion, due to its reduced pressure dependency and ability to prevent agglomeration. This research focuses on the heat and mass transfer as well as the reaction mechanism within the Al@AP propellant through molecular modeling. The direct contact between the metal fuel and oxidizer leads to an immediate redox reaction at the corresponding interface, facilitating the diffusion of oxygen atoms from surrounding AP molecules into the Al particles. Heat is transferred from the Al particles to the surrounding oxidizer, instead of inward heat transfer from the AP-HTPB interface as observed in the conventional Al/AP composite. This novel assembly method significantly accelerates the reaction rate, more than doubling that of the conventional Al/AP composite. Moreover, two extreme pressure conditions (e.g., condensed phase vs. vacuum) are considered to examine the pressure effect on the combustion process of micro-unit composite fuel. The simulation results demonstrate that pressure has a negligible effect on the rapid combustion stage of burning Al particles, as it is primarily governed by the diffusion mechanism. Under vacuum conditions, the reaction products of propellants drive the burning Al in the gas flow, leading to the detachment of the metal fuel from the oxidizer. The reaction mechanism transitions to surface reactions on Al particle with gaseous products. In terms of agglomerations, the coalescence of two burning Al droplets is observed to form a larger product owing to the reduced distances within AP particle. The Al droplets are almost consumed before coalescence due to the rapid combustion, resulting in no negative impact on the Al combustion, as observed in conventional composites. The above findings highlight the unique features of micro-unit composite fuel in the application of solid propellants, and serve as an atomistic guide for propellant manufacturing and design.
Exploring the pyrolysis of agave species as a novel bioenergy source: thermo-kinetics, modeling, and product composition insights
Authors: Gomes da Silva Jean Constantino , Arias Santiago , Pacheco José Geraldo , Guimarães Pereira Gonçalo Amarante , Mockaitis Gustavo
Published: March 2024

The agave plant’s economic chain generates a significant waste, which has potential for sustainable bioenergy through pyrolysis. However, the diversity and heterogeneity of chemical composition of agave species may pose challenges. This study investigates the impact of species heterogeneity on the pyrolysis of three different agave species (Agave sisalana, Agave tequilana, and Agave wercklei), aiming to correlate pyrolysis and biomass properties. Solid characterization and Py-GC/MS were used to understand agave physicochemical characteristics and organic group distribution in volatiles, respectively.A multi-step model and advanced numerical methods were employed for the kinetic study. The physicochemical characteristics showed similar values but a distinct distribution of inorganic compounds, predominantly composed of alkaline metals (6-11%w.b.), potentially influencing the organic groups’ distribution in the volatiles. High relative areas of aliphatic components (13-28% at 773K and 16-36% at 873K) and low quantity of acidic groups (<2%) could be attributed to the catalytic deoxygenation promoted by alkaline metals. These findings are significant for future application of agave in bio-oil production by pyrolysis, as commercial biomasses often yield a high content of oxygenated and acid groups. For the kinetic study, six decomposition profiles were identified in the pyrolysis, encompassing the decomposition of extractives, saponins, lignocellulose, and oxalate salts. The similarity in profiles resulted in approximately equivalent kinetic parameter values and mechanisms among the species. The average values of Ea ranged from 71-324 kJ mol-1, k0 values varied between 107-1022, and the reaction mechanisms included n-order and Avrami-Erofeyev types. The validity of the parameters was verified through curve reconstruction. The inorganic composition was chosen as the parameter related to pyrolysis characteristics, as it was the only parameter that differed significantly among the species. Based on the data, normalization and the proposed model demonstrated satisfactory values of R² (>0.9251), QOF (>94%), and MSE (<2.73×10-3). This underscores the model's potential to describe decomposition profiles solely based on knowledge of inorganic composition, regardless of agave species.
Deuteration of Arenes via Pd-Catalyzed C–H Activation – A Lesson in Nondirected C–H Activation, Isotopic Labelling and NMR Characterization
Authors: Deufel Fritz , van Gemmeren Manuel
Published: March 2024

Isotopic labelling is an important tool in medicinal research, metabolomics, and for understanding reaction mechanisms. In this context, transition metal catalyzed C–H activation has emerged as a key technology for deuterium incorporation via hydrogen isotope exchange. A detailed and easy-to-implement experimental procedure for a nondirected arene deuteration has been developed that exclusively uses commercial equipment and chemicals. The protocol is ideally suited for students and other prospective applicants who are not experts in catalysis. The degree of deuterium incorporation was analyzed via different means like mass spectrometry, 1H and 2H NMR. A hands-on understanding of quantitative NMR as well as the influence of H/D exchange on experimental spectra was conveyed by comparative NMR spin simulations. Students were measurably familiarized with the concepts of C H activation, isotope effects, and basics in experimental catalysis.
Electrode Materials for Calcium Batteries: Future Directions and Perspectives
Authors: Masese Titus , Kanyolo Godwill
Published: March 2024

Despite the prevailing dominance of lithium-ion batteries in consumer electronics and electric vehicle markets, the growing apprehension over lithium availability has ignited a quest for alternative high- energy-density electrochemical energy storage systems. Rechargeable batteries featuring calcium (Ca) metal as negative electrodes (anodes) present compelling prospects, promising notable advantages in energy density, cost-effectiveness, and safety. However, unlocking the full potential of rechargeable Ca metal batteries particularly hinges upon the strategic identification or design of high-energy-density pos- itive electrode (cathode) materials. This imperative task demands expeditious synthetic routes tailored for their meticulous design. In this Perspective, we mainly highlight the development in the cathode ma- terials for calcium batteries and accentuate the unparalleled promise of solid-state metathesis routes in designing a diverse array of high-performance electrode materials.
Direct arylation of alkyl fluorides using in situ mechanochemically generated calcium-based heavy Grignard reagents
Authors: Gao Pan , Jiang Julong , Fukuzawa Yamato , Maeda Satoshi , Kubota Koji , Ito Hajime
Published: March 2024

Here, we report that calcium-based heavy Grignard reagents, which are easily generated by a mechanochemical method, reacted with unactivated alkyl fluorides in the absence of transition metal catalysts to form the corresponding arylated products in moderate to good yields. This is the first example of nucleophilic substitution of an inert C(sp3)–F bond by organocalcium species. Preliminary mechanistic studies based on theoretical calculations suggest that this unprecedented C(sp3)-F bond arylation is facilitated by tetrameric aryl calcium species.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF LOCAL AMAN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) GENOTYPES BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS
Authors: Zahir Ullah Mohammad , Sarowar Alam Md. , Samsuzzaman Md. , Nurul Huda Md
Published: March 2024

Rice is the staple food for the majority of the global populations and the nutritional traits improvement is the prime priority for rice breeding. The study was carried out with 30 local rice varieties including two checks during the aman season of 2021 at BIRTAN, Noakhali, Bangladesh. Significant differences were found among the cultivars for the studied parameters. The lowest days to maturity were observed in both RS 40 and RS 56. The highest grain yield per plant was observed in RS 31, followed by RS 17 and RS 22 as compared with check. The number of panicles and filled grains per panicle were the most contributing variables. Genetic distances of genotypes ranged from 0.086 to 4.262. Considering the overall diversity pattern, grain yield, and other agronomic traits, RS17, RS22, RS29, RS31, and RS42 have been selected as promising genotypes for further yield and nutritional traits improvement through hybridization.
ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG NIGERIAN SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) ACCESSIONS USING INTER SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS MARKERS
Authors: Adejoke Durodola Felicia , Oladimeji Adubi Amos , Adewuyi Azeez Musibau
Published: March 2024

Genetic diversity among 26 sesame accessions in Nigeria was evaluated using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The samples’ genomic DNA was extracted from the leaf, and eleven ISSR markers were used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine allelic polymorphism, marker effectiveness and genetic relationship of the accessions. Fifty-two loci comprising 885 alleles were amplified by the 11 markers with 82.69% polymorphism. The average number of amplified loci per primer was 4.73 with a polymorphism range of 50-100%. The Principal Coordinate Analysis revealed 86.74% variability with the first three coordinates; PCoA1, PCoA2 and PCoA3 responsible for 20.38%, 13.82%, and 13.11% of the total variation, respectively. The dendrogram separated the accessions into two groups with 9 sub-clusters at a genetic distance of 10 (90% similarity). Jaccard similarity index range was between 0.50 and 0.94. In conclusion, the ISSR markers employed for this study were informative and effective in detecting variations among the accessions. Therefore, there is substantial genetic diversity existing in the twenty-six accessions of sesame which could be used in the selection of suitable parental genotypes for initiation of breeding programme for seed yield and oil quality improvement of sesame plant in the country.
Self Efficacy, Enterpreneur Knowledge dan Motivasi Terhadap Keberhasilan Usaha Pengrajin Gerabah di Kasongan pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Anggoro Irfan Tri , Permana Saputra Asep Rokhyadi
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh antara self efficaccy, entrepreneur knowledge dan motivasi terhadap keberhasilan usaha. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala pengukuran skala likert yang didapatkan dari hasil pengisisan kuesioner oleh responden. Responden yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 100 pengrajin gerabah yang berada di desa wisata Kasongan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, dimana hanya pengrajin yang memenuhi kriteria saja yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis regresi linier berganda yang dihitung menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 2012. Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut mendapatkan hasil bahwa self efficacy tidak memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keberhasilan usaha pengerjain gerabah di Kasongan pada masa pandemi covid–19. Namun untuk entrepreneur knowledge dan motivasi memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keberhasilan usaha pengrajin gerabah di Kasongan pada masa pandemi covid -19.
Pedagogias decoloniais para o ensino de língua inglesa no contexto on-line: relato de prática
Authors: Rodrigues Beatriz Gama , Rosa Rafael Gomes , Arré Thalita Christina Cavalcante
Published: March 2024

Este relato de prática busca investigar de que forma atividades elaboradas com base nas práticas decoloniais para aulas on-line síncronas de língua inglesa como língua adicional pode promover reflexões acerca de novas formas de ensinar e aprender, analisando, da perspectiva do docente, a possibilidade de mudanças nas nossas concepções de ensino e nossas experiências. O presente relato baseia-se teoricamente em conceitos referentes a ensino on-line (RABELLO, 2021; HODGES et al., 2020), ensino de línguas adicionais no contexto on-line (TEH, 2021; NG, 2020), decolonialidade e práticas pedagógicas decoloniais (MIGNOLO; WALSH, 2018). Nós consideramos que, mediante o relato de prática, seria possível abandonar a convicção de que aprendemos línguas para fins comunicativos utilizando-nos somente das abordagens discutidas na academia, sem levar em consideração o movimento de resistência e reexistência que permeia um currículo diverso culturalmente, e trilhar novos rumos para nossa jornada acadêmica e profissional levando em consideração aspectos da teoria decolonial. Desta forma, nós acreditamos, a partir das reflexões trazidas neste relato, que as pedagogias decoloniais têm potencial de promover maior engajamento e propiciar diálogos capazes de promover transformações sociais e de desafiar as orientações e postulações pertencentes e comuns do Norte Global.
Effects of QD2R Numeracy Enhancement Strategy on the Mathematics Performance of Grade 10 Students
Authors: Abiog Joshelle N.
Published: March 2024

Learning mathematics requires an effective and strategic teaching approach. This study aimed to assess themathematics performance of the learners with the implementation of the numeracy enhancement strategy QD2R (Questions, Drills, Repetition, and Recitation) and to propose a strategy implementation plan to elevate their performances. This study employed the use of a quasi-experimental research design, purposive sampling with 70 Grade 10 students of Lian National High School who were distributed equally to control and treatment groups. The pre-test and post-test results were statistically analyzed using independent and paired sample t-tests, and a survey questionnaire was examined by getting the mean and standard deviation. The results indicated that better performance was achieved by the students from the treatment group compared to the students from the control group, as revealed by the Mean Percentage Score (MPS) results, mean scores, and P values of their pre-test and post-test scores. The learners’ perception of the implementation of this strategy was to a great extent, wherein it was perceived to be more helpful in concepts related to understandingthe lesson compared to concepts related to developing their attitude and skills. Moreover, the proposed implementation plan of numeracy enhancement strategy QD2R had three expected outcomes: elevated understanding and performance in mathematics lessons; modified strategy to focus on the development of attitude and skills towards mathematics; and refined and well-implemented QD2R strategy in teaching mathematics. Relative to these expected outcomes, appropriate measures, timeframe, and resources of each were comprehensively formulated.
An Exploration of Higher Vocational English Teachers’ Professional Development on Students’ Learning Ability in the Context of New Liberal Arts
Authors: Xu Jing  ,  Zabit Mohd Nazir Bin
Published: March 2024

The concept of New Liberal Arts, a multidisciplinary combined integrator with Chinese values at its core,has brought new challenges to the teaching methods and professional development of higher-level English teachers. Based on the evolving professional development process of higher vocational English teachers in the context of the New Liberal Arts, this article analyzes how English teachers can integrate multidisciplinary knowledge and adopt advanced educational technology in the teaching process. On this basis, it discusses the role of teachers’ professional development in enhancing students’ learning ability, such as through deepening disciplinary understanding, adopting innovative teaching strategies, and implementing personalized teaching. At the end of the article, based on a variety of pedagogical theories, we put forward suggestions, including continuous professional training, interdisciplinary cooperation, and the application of innovative teaching techniques, which are mainly aimed at helping higher vocational English teachers get rid of the dilemma of the new situation, adapt to the needs of the new liberal arts education as soon as possible, and then effectivelyimprove students’ abilities.
The Effect of Emotional Display Rules on Service Employee Burnout: A Focus on the Mediation of Challenge Appraisal and Hindrance Appraisal
Authors:   Korean Academy Of Management, Kim Yejin , Lee Kyumin , Oh Se-Hyung
Published: March 2024

Emotional display rules are official and unofficial requirements on how people
should express their emotions to others in organizations, playing crucial roles
in emotional management. According to the job demand-resources model,
emotional display rules can cause job stress and burnout because they are
job demands. However, in light of the challenge-hindrance job stress model,
the effect of job demands on burnout may differ according to whether people
perceive them as challenges or hindrances. The purpose of this study is to
determine the causal relationship among emotional display rules, challenge
appraisal, hindrance appraisal, and service worker burnout. In this study, we
postulate that emotional display rules increase burnout, while challenge and
hindrance appraisals mediate the display rules-burnout relationship. A total
of 213 survey responses were collected from frontline workers in the service
industry, and an analysis of results revealed that emotional display rules are
positively associated with burnout, while challenge appraisal negatively mediates
the display rules-burnout relationship. We also found that hindrance appraisal
did not mediate between emotional display rules and burnout, while perceived
organizational support and self efficacy did not moderate the relationship
between emotional display rules and burnout. These results may demonstrate
the possibility that service worker burnout can be buffered with the perception
of emotional display rules as challenging rather than hindering job demands.
In addition, they imply that service workers’ perceptions and mind controls
are more important than external factors like organizational support in managing
job demands, such as emotional display rules. This study shows the importance
of job appraisal in understanding service workers’ stresses and burnout.
Las metateorizaciones preludio de Latour y Luhmann: un análisis comparado
Authors: Pignuoli Ocampo Sergio
Published: March 2024

El trabajo reconstruye y compara las estrategias de metateorización preludio de la Teoría general de sistemas sociales de Luhmann y la Teoría del actor-red de Bruno Latour. La metodología retoma el planteo y las técnicas originales de George Ritzer, a las que incorporamos una operacionalización adicional a efectos de desagregar las estrategias en dos dimensiones: doble diferenciación y elaboración de antecedentes. Sin desmedro de divergencias puntualmente señaladas, los resultados alcanzados establecen dos convergencias significativas entre ambas estrategias, primero, en materia de doble diferenciación, ambos programas deslindan una tercera posición radical y, segundo, en materia de elaboración de antecedentes, ambos programas optan por dialogar reflexivamente con el interaccionismo y por justificar la interdisciplina en déficits de la sociología.
High-resolution dynamic downscaling of historical and future climate projections over Central Asia
Authors:   Mountain Societies Research Institute, University of Central Asia, Toktogul St., 138, Bishkek, 720001, Kyrgyz Republic, Isaev Erkin ,   Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand, Murata Akihiko ,   Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0052, Japan, Fukui Shin ,   Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0052, Japan, Sidle Roy ,   Mountain Societies Research Institute, University of Central Asia, Toktogul St., 138, Bishkek, 720001, Kyrgyz Republic,   Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
Published: March 2024

Climate change poses various challenges for agriculture and water management practices in Central Asia (CA). Central to these challenges are cryosphere dynamics, fragile mountain ecosystems, and ongoing natural hazards that highlight the need for robust projections of regional climate change. For the first time, dynamic downscaling was conducted in Central Asia at a spatial resolution of 5 km. This produced a regional dataset that incorporated periods between 1980 and 2000 and 2076 to 2096. Results show that dynamic downscaling significantly improves the simulation of temperature and precipitation across CA compared to General Circulation Models (GCMs) and other Regional Climate Models (RCMs) due to better representation of topography and related meteorological fields. Our analysis shows that there will be a significant warming trend in Central Asia with a projected increase of 6°C under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenario SSP5-8.5 from 2076 to 2096. Pronounced warming is detected over mountainous areas of CA from autumn to spring, which can be explained by the snow-albedo feedback. Precipitation increases are projected from winter to spring and decreases are projected from summer to autumn.
To access the prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Authors: Quaiynat Amin Khan  , Abdul Hameed Kiani  , Nisar Ahmed  , Tahir Ahmad Munir  , Nasim Ilyas  , Miss Abeer Tahir
Published: March 2024

Objective: To access the prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Medicine, of Tertiary Care Hospital of Islamabad. Period: 17th July 2023 to 17th October 2023. Material & Methods: WHO calculator was used to calculate the sample size and 100 subjects were selected fulfilling the inclusion criteria (Both male and female of age 18 to 65 years retained in ER or admitted with the diagnosis of ACS). Blood samples were obtained for baseline investigations including blood sugar and HBA1C. Results were entered on EXCEL Sheets and analyzed using SPSS V.20. Results: The data showed 47% males, 70% of the participants belonging to the age group 41-65 years ACS presenting with STEMI in 37%, 40% patients with NSTEMI and unstable angina was found in 23%. The Mean BMI was 27±3.2SD mean HBA1C level was 4.3±1.7SD and the mean FBG was 129±17.9SD. Among all the male patients, there were (27.65%) patients with undiagnosed T2DM while among all the female patients, (18.8%) were reported with undiagnosed T2DM. Conclusion: A high prevalence of undiagnosed DM was observed in ACS patients admitted to tertiary care hospital. Research work done in developing countries showed data which was consistent with our study, however, research data from developed world was in contrast to our study.
Comparison of oxygen saturation values between term and pre-term neonates.
Authors: Madiha Fayyaz  , Bushra Babar  , Somayya Siddiqa  , Nazir Ahmed Malik  , Sumaiya Javed  , Saba Mushtaq
Published: March 2024

Objective: To determine mean oxygen saturation (SpO2) values in normal newborns and compare mean Spo2 values between term and preterm infants. Study Design: Descriptive Case Series. Setting: Hameed Latif Teaching Hospital Lahore. Period: March 2023 to November 2023. Material & Methods: The study involved 100 neonates from operation theatre and labor room. Informed consent was obtained from parents. Immediately after birth, pulse oximeter was applied and serial monitoring of oxygen saturation was carried out starting at 1 minute and recording values after every 1 minute till 10 minutes of life. Results: There were 50% male and 50% female neonates. The average SpO2 values were 76.13±10.41 at first minute, 89.68±6.62 at 5 minutes & 95.84±3.65 at 10 minutes of life. Mean SpO2 was significantly high in term babies as compared to preterm babies at one minute and 5 minutes. However there was no significant difference in mean SpO2 at 10 minutes in term and preterm babies. Conclusion: The process of transition to normal postnatal oxygen saturation requires more than 5 minutes in healthy newborns. In healthy term newborn, oxygen saturation rises slowly. SpO2 monitoring may help identifying the infants requiring resuscitation to avoid overexposure to high supplemental oxygen after birth. Many newborns have SpO2 <90% during the first 5 minutes of life. This should be considered when choosing SpO2 targets for infants treated with supplemental oxygen in the delivery room.
Guia para elaborar um manual de boas práticas em fabricação
Authors: Rocha Laysa Lamara da , Bueno Cláudia Peixoto
Published: March 2024

O manual de Boas Práticas de Fabricação é uma ferramenta importante, utilizada em estabelecimentos que trabalham com alimentos, sejam eles manipulados, produzidos, armazenados, transportados, comercializados, com o intuito de garantir um alimento seguro ao consumidor final. A portaria n° 368/97, do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (Brasil, 1997) e Portaria n°326/97 da Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA, 1997), exigem para os estabelecimentos produtores ou industrializadores de alimentos, o manual de BPF.
Sua função é trazer o máximo de detalhes possíveis e de forma clara, de modo que um usuário qualquer consiga compreender a dinâmica de funcionamento.
Sendo assim o objetivo desse guia é no auxilio para a elaboração de um anual de Boas Praticas de Fabricação para os pequenos produtores que manipulem produtos de origem animal.
DIFERENÇAS FISIOPATOLÓGICAS DO HTLV 1 E 2
Authors: Viana Allexa Yandra Martins , Pinheiro Sarah Ramenne Souza , Cunha Jean Carlos Rodrigues Da , Fonseca Danielly , Alves Edinaria S.
Published: March 2024

O vírus linfotrópico de células T humana (HTLV) é um retrovírus que infecta as células T humanas, um tipo de linfócito importante para o sistema de defesa do organismo. Sendo o HTLV-1 e HTLV-2 que são transmitidos entre os seres humanos e capazes de desencadear doenças em seus portadores. Tampouco se sabe sobre a patogênese dessa infecção e são poucas as diferenças entre esses dois tipos de HTLV relatadas na literatura. O que se sabe sobre sua patogenicidade é devido as funções das proteínas e genes envolvidos na fisiopatologia do vírus. Esta revisão bibliográfica têm o intuito de estabelecer diferenças entre os tipos de HTLV (tipo 1 e tipo 2) segundo suas manifestações clínicas e fisiopatológicas.