bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The EU budget and UK contribution
Authors: Begg Iain
Published: May 2016

The European Union budget is small and fulfils only a limited range of functions, yet it provokes regular disputes among the Member States and institutions of the Union. This paper describes the structure of the budget and shows that standard theories, such as fiscal federalism, are not well-suited to analysing how the EU budget operates or the political economy behind it. The paper then looks at how much the UK contributes towards the EU budget and explains why some of the claims made about it in the public discourse are inaccurate.
Interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of the evidence base
Authors: Kaminer Debra , Eagle Gillian T
Published: May 2016

Given high rates of trauma exposure in South Africa, mental health practitioners often need to deliver interventions to trauma survivors. While there have been few local trauma intervention studies, there is an extensive international evidence base that provides a rich resource on which to draw. This article reviews evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder and complex posttraumatic stress disorder. The current weight of evidence supports the use of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy approaches in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder and the use of multimodal, phase-based interventions to treat complex posttraumatic stress disorder. There is also a long-standing, though less extensive, evidence base for psychodynamic therapy in the treatment of these conditions, as well as a number of emerging treatment approaches that require further study. While there are some limitations to transferring these approaches to the South African context, the current evidence base provides valuable guidelines for local practitioners seeking to develop their competencies in treating posttraumatic stress disorder and more complex trauma-based presentations.
Comparing the Effects of Maternal and Paternal Incarceration on Adult Daughters’ and Sons’ Criminal Justice System Involvement
Authors: Burgess-Proctor Amanda , Huebner Beth M. , Durso Joseph M.
Published: May 2016

This analysis compares the effects of maternal and paternal incarceration on adult daughters’ and sons’ criminal justice system (CJS) involvement. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) are used to examine differences by parent and offspring sex in the effect of parental incarceration on respondents’ self-reported arrest, conviction, and incarceration after age 18 ( N = 15,587). Net of controls, both maternal and paternal incarceration significantly increase log odds of adult offspring CJS involvement. This effect is especially pronounced for same-sex parent–child dyads, suggesting that the salience of parental incarceration for adult offending outcomes is gendered. In addition, intimate partner abuse and running away are significant predictors of adult CJS involvement for women, but not for men. The results suggest the importance of examining parental incarceration using a gendered, developmental framework such as gendered pathways, as well as the need for gender-responsive correctional programming.
Reinforcement effect of carbon black in Colombian natural rubber
Authors: Vargas Carlos A , Sierra Juan D , Posada Juan C , Garcia Luis A , Zapata Leyla J
Published: May 2016

Natural rubber from local zone in Colombia (San Juan) was compounded with three different commercial carbon black (N330, N550 and N660) at 25 and 50 phr. In order to evaluate the performance of new natural rubber compounds obtained from Colombia, a benchmarking was done with other natural rubber compounds from Central America (Guatemala). For this purpose, tensile strength, module at 100 and 300%, vulcanization rheometer curves, hardness and dispersion analysis were done for both natural rubber compounds. It was found that the new natural rubber compound from Colombia has similar properties and behaviour compared to Guatemala natural rubber (TSR). The Colombia natural rubber obtained is a new standard mix with high potential applications in the rubber industry in Colombia and other countries of region of South America.
Works council introductions in Germany: Do they reflect workers’ voice?
Authors: Oberfichtner Michael
Published: May 2016

While most previous studies focus on the monopoly aspect of works council introductions, this article explores the collective voice face of introductions and investigates workers’ decision as an exit–voice consideration. Using a large linked employer–employee dataset from Germany, the present study finds that council introductions are more likely if workers have high plant-specific human capital or earn high wages. These results are consistent with exit–voice considerations as well as with attempts to protect an existing distribution of rents. Redoing the analysis for plants in which the protection of rents against management decisions is less relevant yields similar results supporting a voice interpretation.
Theory Building
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Suddaby Roy
Published: May 2016

Building theories is important for advancing knowledge of management. But it is also a highly challenging task. Although there is a burgeoning literature that offers many theorizing tools, we lack a coherent understanding of how these tools fit together—when to use a particular tool and which combination of tools can be used in the theorizing process. In this article, we organize a systematic review of the literature on theory building in management around the five key elements of a good story: conflict, character, setting, sequence, and plot and arc. In doing so, we hope to provide a richer understanding of how specific theorizing tools facilitate aspects of the theorizing process and offer a clearer big picture of the process of building important theories. We also offer pragmatic empirical theorizing as an approach that uses quantitative empirical findings to stimulate theorizing.
Ki-67 and PCNA Expression in Canine Mammary Tumors and Adjacent Nonneoplastic Mammary Glands
Authors: Carvalho M. I. , Pires I. , Prada J. , Lobo L. , Queiroga F. L.
Published: May 2016

The assessment of tumor proliferation has been considered a determining prognostic factor in canine mammary tumors (CMTs). However, no studies have assessed the prognostic importance of proliferation in adjacent nonneoplastic mammary glands. We included 64 CMTs (21 benign and 43 malignant) and studied the proliferation index (PI) of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) together with several clinicopathological characteristics. A positive and statistically significant correlation between the PI of Ki-67 and PCNA in tumors and adjacent nonneoplastic mammary glands was observed in benign and malignant tumors. Tumor size, skin ulceration, histological type, mitotic index, nuclear grade, differentiation grade, histological grade of malignancy, lymph node metastasis, Ki-67, and PCNA expression in tumors and adjacent nonneoplastic mammary glands were statistically associated with overall survival by univariate analysis in malignant cases ( n = 43). Histological grade of malignancy and high intratumoral PCNA retained their significance by multivariate analysis arising as independent predictors of overall survival. Interestingly, the PI of Ki-67 and PCNA of adjacent nontumoral mammary glands were associated with clinicopathological features of tumor aggressiveness and shorter overall survival, demonstrating the need to better explore this adjacent non-neoplastic tissue.
Rates of Mental Illness and Addiction among High-Cost Users of Medical Services in Ontario
Authors: Hensel Jennifer M. , Taylor Valerie H. , Fung Kinwah , Vigod Simone N.
Published: May 2016

Objective:

To quantify the burden of mental illness and addiction among high-costing users of medical services (HCUs) using population-level data from Ontario, and compare to a referent group of nonusers.

Method:

We conducted a population-level cohort study using health administrative data from fiscal year 2011-2012 for all Ontarians with valid health insurance as of April 1, 2011 ( N = 10,909,351). Individuals were grouped based on medical costs for hospital, emergency, home, complex continuing, and rehabilitation care in 2011-2012: top 1%, top 2% to 5%, top 6% to 50%, bottom 50%, and a zero-cost nonuser group. The rate of diagnosed psychotic, major mood, and substance use disorders in each group was compared to the zero-cost referent group with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. A sensitivity analysis included anxiety and other disorders.

Results:

Mental illness and addiction rates increased across cost groups affecting 17.0% of the top 1% of users versus 5.7% of the zero-cost group (AOR, 3.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.59 to 3.81). This finding was most pronounced for psychotic disorders (3.7% vs. 0.7%; AOR, 5.07; 95% CI, 4.77 to 5.38) and persisted for mood disorders (10.0% vs. 3.3%; AOR, 3.52; 95% CI, 3.39 to 3.66) and substance use disorders (7.0% vs. 2.3%; AOR, 3.82; 95% CI, 3.66 to 3.99). When anxiety and other disorders were included, the rate of mental illness was 39.3% in the top 1% compared to 21.3% (AOR, 2.39; 95% CI, 2.34 to 2.45).

Conclusions:

A high burden of mental illness and addiction among HCUs warrants its consideration in the design and delivery of services targeting HCUs.
What Can Rats Tell Us about Adolescent Cannabis Exposure? Insights from Preclinical Research
Authors: Renard Justine , Rushlow Walter J. , Laviolette Steven R.
Published: May 2016

Marijuana is the most widely used drug of abuse among adolescents. Adolescence is a vulnerable period for brain development, during which time various neurotransmitter systems such as the glutamatergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic, and endocannabinoid systems undergo extensive reorganization to support the maturation of the central nervous system (CNS). ▵-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of marijuana, acts as a partial agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs). CB1Rs are abundant in the CNS and are central components of the neurodevelopmental changes that occur during adolescence. Thus, overactivation of CB1Rs by cannabinoid exposure during adolescence has the ability to dramatically alter brain maturation, leading to persistent and enduring changes in adult cerebral function. Increasing preclinical evidence lends support to clinical evidence suggesting that chronic adolescent marijuana exposure may be associated with a higher risk for neuropsychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia. In this review, we present a broad overview of current neurobiological evidence regarding the long-term consequences of adolescent cannabinoid exposure on adult neuropsychiatric-like disorders.
Cannabis Use in Adolescence and Young Adulthood
Authors: Coffey Carolyn , Patton George C.
Published: May 2016

The Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study (VAHCS) is a long-term Australian cohort study that has documented cannabis use in young Australians from the mid-teens to the mid-30s. The study findings have described the natural history of early cannabis use, remission, and escalation and the social and mental health consequences of different patterns of use. The adverse consequences of cannabis use are most clear-cut in heavy early adolescent users. These consequences include educational failure, persisting mental health problems, and progression to other substance use. For later onset and occasional users, the risks are lower and appear to entail modest elevations in risk for other drug use compared with never users. With growing evidence of health consequences, there is a strong case for actions around early heavy adolescent users. Prevention of early use, identification and treatment of early heavy users, and harm reduction through diversion of early heavy users away from the custodial justice system into health care are all priority responses.
Polyphenylene sulfide- expanded graphite nanocomposites
Authors: Ramanujam BTS , Radhakrishnan S , Deshpande SD
Published: May 2016

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)-expanded graphite (ExGr) conducting nanocomposites have been prepared by powder mixing and in situ polymerization routes after sonicating ExGr particles in acetone. Synthesized PPS has been used to make powder mixed composites. The powder mixed composites exhibit a percolation threshold of 3 wt% due to the formation of graphite nanosheets. When PPS-ExGr composites are prepared by in situ polymerization route, very low electrical percolation threshold less than 0.5 wt% ExGr is obtained. The low percolation threshold obtained is attributed to better dispersion of ExGr nanosheets in the polymer matrix when compared to powder mixed composites. The synthesized PPS has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared spectroscopy. The formation of graphite nanosheets has been confirmed by transmission and scanning electron microcopy analysis.
Pupillary Contagion in Infancy
Authors: Fawcett Christine , Wesevich Victoria , Gredebäck Gustaf
Published: May 2016

Pupillary contagion—responding to pupil size observed in other people with changes in one’s own pupil—has been found in adults and suggests that arousal and other internal states could be transferred across individuals using a subtle physiological cue. Examining this phenomenon developmentally gives insight into its origins and underlying mechanisms, such as whether it is an automatic adaptation already present in infancy. In the current study, 6- and 9-month-olds viewed schematic depictions of eyes with smaller and larger pupils—pairs of concentric circles with smaller and larger black centers—while their own pupil sizes were recorded. Control stimuli were comparable squares. For both age groups, infants’ pupil size was greater when they viewed large-center circles than when they viewed small-center circles, and no differences were found for large-center compared with small-center squares. The findings suggest that infants are sensitive and responsive to subtle cues to other people’s internal states, a mechanism that would be beneficial for early social development.
Interpolation control algorithm for a three-RPS parallel spindle head
Authors: Ni Yanbing , Zhang Yuan , Sun Kai , Wang Hui , Sun Yupeng
Published: May 2016

A five-axis computer numerical control hybrid machine tool composed mainly of a three-RPS parallel spindle head with one translation and two rotations is investigated; because of its unique machining characteristics, this machine tool has been applied to high-efficiency aerospace monolithic component processing, and its trajectory control is one of the core technologies underpinning its efficacy. This research investigates a new type of five-axis hybrid machine tool which is loaded with a three-RPS parallel spindle head and finds a cutter orientation interpolation algorithm which can ensure its high-precision, and high-speed, operation in machining processes. First, the kinematic model of the hybrid machine tool is established using the vector chain method. Using this model, the virtual reality mapping relationship between the control axis space and the operating space is established. Then a control algorithm governing two interpolation strategies in the operation and joint spaces is proposed; this method disperses the cutter vector in the workspace. Through the mapping relationship, the point data array in the joint space can be obtained from the machining data which are calculated from the mapping model, and then the improved three B-spline interpolation method is used in the joint space. Thereafter, the post-machining module outputs the interpolation data to the motor, and the moving platform can realise the desired tool path. Finally, using the hybrid machine tool for the machining of an ‘S’ test-piece, the results prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the interpolation algorithm. The experiment indicates that the interpolation algorithm can be used in this kind of parallel machine tool control system.
Australian Trade Liberalisation Policy: The Industries Assistance Commission and the Productivity Commission
Authors: Jones Evan
Published: May 2016

The Productivity Commission is Australia’s foremost policy advisory body. Its original incarnation as the Industries Assistance Commission derives from the 1960s push to dismantle the protective tariff regime that underpinned the Australian manufacturing sector. With success in tariff reductions and complementary reductions in rural sector assistance, the Commission’s investigatory role was gradually expanded to cover the entire gamut of government policy. The Commission’s history has generally been treated favourably. This article places the history of the original Industries Assistance Commission in context and takes a critical stance on its and the Productivity Commission’s vision and achievements.
Correlation of Systemic Inflammatory Markers With Radiographic Stages of Charcot Osteoarthropathy
Authors: Hingsammer Andreas M. , Bauer David , Renner Niklas , Borbas Paul , Boeni Thomas , Berli Martin
Published: May 2016

Background:

Charcot osteoarthropathy (COA) is characterized by a progressive destruction of bone and joint associated with neuropathy and is most common in the foot and ankle. Clinical manifestation of COA is frequently indistinguishable from other causes of pain, swelling, and erythema of the affected extremity, in particular, infection. Diagnosis of COA can be challenging in particular in early stages where radiographic changes are sparse. The presence of elevated systemic inflammatory parameters in the context of suspected infection may delay early diagnosis and treatment of COA. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to assess whether elevated systemic inflammatory parameters may be present, in particular in early stages of COA and thus not be used as an exclusion criterion for the diagnosis of COA.

Methods:

Forty-two patients (mean age 48.2 ± 9.4 years, 36 male, 6 female) with a diagnosis of unilateral COA were the subject of this retrospective study. The diagnosis of COA was confirmed by plain radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging and clinical course. Systemic inflammatory parameters were recorded at the time of referral. Acute stages (stages 0 and 1) were treated with a total contact cast (TCC) and protected weight bearing for a minimum of 6 weeks. For chronic stages (stages 2 and 3) custom-made shoes were prescribed. The feet were stratified into “acute” (Eichenholz stages 0 and 1) and “subacute/chronic” (Eichenholz stages 2 and 3) groups.

Results:

Statistically significant differences were observed for all recorded systemic inflammatory parameters (C-reactive protein level, WBC count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) between the acute and subacute/chronic groups. No statistical difference was observed considering the anatomic pattern of involvement.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrated that elevated systemic inflammatory parameters may be present in COA and can further be used to distinguish between acute and subacute stages of COA, based on the Eichenholtz classification. Thus, we suggest that elevated inflammatory markers should not be considered an exclusion criterion for the diagnosis of COA.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Development and Psychometric Properties of the Taiwan Odd–Even Number Sequencing Test: A Nonalphabetic Measure of Working Memory
Authors: Chen Yen-Ting , Peng Chung-Yu , Hua Mau-Sun , Liu Chen-Chung , Chen Hsin-Yi , Hwu Hai-Gwo
Published: May 2016

Alphabetic working memory (WM) tests, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–III and IV Letter Number Sequencing, are not appropriate for nonalphabetic cultures. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Taiwan Odd–Even Number Sequencing Test (TOENST) and identified representative norms. The TOENST and other mental screening tasks were administered to 300 randomly selected healthy participants, 32 purposive sampling patients with schizophrenia, and 32 quota sampling controls. To investigate reliability and validity, a subset of the 300 healthy participants was randomly selected to receive a second TOENST ( n = 30) or conventional WM tests ( n = 42). The split-half reliability of the TOENST ranged from 0.69 to 0.95, and its test–retest reliability was 0.75. Criterion validity was demonstrated by significant correlations with conventional WM measures (all p < .05, except semantic verbal fluency), and construct validity was demonstrated by significant correlations with aging (main effect, F10,259 = 10.99, p < .001). Normative data were established, and performance was significantly associated with age and education. TOENST scores of patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower and correlated with frontal lobe tests, but not demographical or clinical characteristics. The TOENST has adequate psychometric properties and clinical utility and is as a viable alternative WM task for nonalphabetic cultures.
Efficacy and Bleeding Risk of Antithrombin Supplementation in Patients With Septic Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Third Survey
Authors: Iba Toshiaki , Gando Satoshi , Saitoh Daizoh , Ikeda Toshiaki , Anan Hideaki , Oda Shigeto , Kitamura Nobuya , Mori Shigeru , Kotani Joji , Kuroda Yasuhiro
Published: May 2016

Introduction:

Although recent studies have reported the efficacy of antithrombin (AT) supplementation for sepsis-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the factors that influence AT’s effect have not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of this survey was to identify factors that modulate the effects and the adverse effects of AT.

Methods:

We performed a multi-institutional survey. The data from 159 patients with septic DIC with AT ≤70% and who had undergone AT supplementation were analyzed. The patients’ demographic characteristics, including the infection site, baseline sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, baseline DIC score, and baseline AT activity, were analyzed in relation to the 28-day mortality. Bleeding-related adverse events were also examined.

Results:

Overall, 116 patients survived and 43 did not (28-day mortality: 27.0%). A logistic regression analysis revealed that the baseline SOFA score (odds ratio [OR]: 0.816, P = .001), coadministration of recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM; OR: 3.989, P = .006), and respiratory tract infection (OR: 0.129, P = .000) were significantly associated with the survival. Survivors exhibited a higher peak AT activity than nonsurvivors (85.1% vs 65.0%, P = .027). Bleeding events were observed in 4.13% (major bleeding: 1.65%) of the patients, and the coadministration of rTM did not increase the risk of bleeding (with rTM: 4.11% vs without rTM: 4.17%). Heparin was concomitantly used in 22 (18.2%) cases, and its use nonsignificantly increased the bleeding risk (with heparins: 9.09% vs without heparins: 3.03%; P = .224).

Conclusion:

The coadministration of rTM may improve survival without increasing the risk of bleeding in patients with sepsis-associated DIC treated with AT.
Assessing Creativity
Authors: Smith Jeffrey S.
Published: May 2016

Objectively assessing student creative work in the fields associated with mass media can be problematic. Communicating expectations to students, as well as providing them with a clear yet flexible rubric for evaluation of copywriting, newswriting, audio production, video production, and web-design, requires examination of the relevant student learning outcomes. This article explores the process of rubric design for digital portfolio evaluation, including the areas mentioned, with a goal of finding appropriate measures that will be effective for conveying the expectations for each area to students and providing precise evaluation and feedback for both grading and assessment purposes.
Big Data, Management, and Sustainability
Authors: Etzion Dror , Aragon-Correa J. Alberto
Published: May 2016

We contend that big data and management for sustainability are very good bedfellows, in that many of the affordances big data provides are naturally aligned with sustainability concerns (e.g., multidimensional nature, collective actions, smart allocation of resources, efficiency priority). Notwithstanding this promising stepping off point, and the enticing analytical opportunities that an abundance of data will generate, we provide some reflections on big data and the most promising avenues of research it might inspire in the field of management and sustainability. In the first part of our essay, we explore what managers can do with big data to reinforce organizational sustainability and how different operational, strategic, and corporate activities are affected in this process. In the second part, we focus on what big data allows researchers to explore and examine, ranging from sustainability job descriptions through environmental metrics to industry transformation. We conclude by advocating for strong theoretical orientation in research on and with big data.
Economic Disadvantage and Homicide
Authors: Stansfield Richard , Williams Kirk R. , Parker Karen F.
Published: May 2016

Although research has established economic disadvantage as one of the strongest, most robust predictors of urban violence, the conditions under which this relation holds need further elaboration. This study examines the disadvantage–violence link across age-specific transitional periods from adolescence to adulthood and provides theoretical arguments for why the strength of this relation should decline with age. Using 90 of the largest cities in the United States, the present study analyzes the impact of economic disadvantage and other urban conditions (residential instability, family disruption, and population heterogeneity) on age-specific homicide counts from 1984 to 2006. The analytical strategy incorporates temporal trends by using negative binomial fixed-effects regression models. The results reveal a consistent decline from adolescence to adulthood in the strength of the estimated effects of economic disadvantage, residential instability, and family disruption on homicide trends. The findings are discussed in terms of the implications for future research and public policy.
Examining Theory-Based Behavior-Change Constructs, Social Interaction, and Sociability Features of the Weight Watchers’ Online Community
Authors: Wang Ye , Willis Erin
Published: May 2016

Objective. To examine whether and to what extent relevant and meaningful discussions of weight loss occurred in the Weight Watchers’ online community, and whether and to what extent the online community is designed for fostering such discussions. Methods. A multimethod approach was used here. First, a quantitative content analysis was conducted on 320 posts from 64 threads sampled from WeightWatchers.com’s message boards between December 1, 2011, and January 31, 2012. The coding categories included constructs from the health belief model, the planned behavior theory, and the theory of self-efficacy. An acceptable level of intercoder reliability was reached; frequencies, cluster analysis, and t test were reported. Second, a conventional content analysis of the posts was conducted. The posts were examined for themes and patterns within the discussion. Finally, the researchers examined the sociability features of the message boards. The qualitative review followed established procedures and was conducted independently by four researchers. Results. Mastery experience occurred in 46% of the posts. Threads focusing on physical activities contained more perceived barriers, mastery experiences, and verbal persuasion than other types of threads. Posts focusing on diet included unanswered questions about dieting practices with certain medical conditions. Posts focusing on mastery experience celebrated any small step toward success. Posts irrelevant to weight loss mostly contained events and happenings in members’ lives. The sociability review revealed a lack of moderation. Conclusion. The Weight Watchers’ online community included much discussion about weight loss. Findings suggest that physical activities require more encouragement than dieting. Health educators have an opportunity to interject and moderate meaningful discussions. For example, dieting with certain medical conditions, opinions on various diets, and the relationship between dieting and being healthy are opportunities to facilitate learning. Discussion posts irrelevant to weight loss help build social relationships.
A cybergeography of public art encounter: The case of Rubber Duck
Authors: Zebracki Martin
Published: May 2016

Scholarship has largely been conducted on publics’ ‘offline’ public art encounters, while public art practice has become increasingly integrated with virtual dimensions. This article aims to fill this gap by focusing on digitally mediated public art engagement. A case study on the travelling Rubber Duck exhibition (2012–present) interrogates how this artwork is appropriated and narrated through digitally networked spaces (mainly social media, forums and news platforms) after its repeated on-site installations. This article argues for the need to expand on ‘virtual relationality’: the communication, (re-)negotiation and (re-)siting of public art’s roles and meanings through (mainly text- and image-based) social mediations within hybrid, online-offline contexts. Public art encounters are examined along fluid cybergeographical understandings of its social and spatial publicness, temporalities and uses, which deconstruct binaries including material/digital space, permanence/ephemerality and human/non-human.
When principled deviance becomes moral threat: Testing alternative mechanisms for the rejection of moral rebels
Authors: O’Connor Kieran , Monin Benoît
Published: May 2016

Monin, Sawyer, and Marquez (2008) demonstrated that a rebel who refused to participate in a racially prejudiced decision task was derogated by actors who had themselves taken part in the task, but exalted by uninvolved observers. These authors argued that this rejection resulted from actors who expected and resented imagined moral reproach from the rebel. Two new studies address alternative explanations for such rejection of moral rebels. Study 1 rules out both (a) self-presentation and (b) a more cognitive alternative wherein anchoring on one’s first impression of a task leads to do-gooder derogation. Study 2 breaks down the principled rebellion into its two components, a principled stance and rebellion itself, to show that both seem to play a part in derogation. Individuals imagine that moral others would reject them, which in turn leads to rejecting those deviants.
Enhancing Experience-Driven Leadership Development
Authors: Hezlett Sarah A.
Published: May 2016

The Problem

The notion that a high proportion of leadership development should be the result of learning from experience has become popular, increasing the need for human resource development (HRD) professionals to understand experience-driven leadership development in order to design systems and processes that facilitate it. Relevant research on the topic has been increasing. Although this has improved the opportunity to build evidence-based practice, it also has created the challenge of identifying and digesting key concepts and findings. In addition, there are important misunderstandings regarding experience-driven development and core areas where additional information is needed.

The Solution

This article synthesizes recent research related to the emerging practice of experience-driven leadership development, using a question and answer format. As a result, key concepts and relevant research results about experience-driven leadership development are summarized in an action-oriented framework. Gaps in knowledge are highlighted and recommendations for future research are offered.

The Stakeholders

This article will be of particular relevance to scientists pursuing research on experience-driven development and HRD practitioners responsible for improving leadership development, particularly those interested in driving learning through experience.
“Eat Your Greens”
Authors: Clason Eiskje R. , Meijer Denise
Published: May 2016

This article describes the development of a social marketing intervention, called “the vegetable box,” aimed at increasing the number of days per week that toddlers in the city of Rotterdam (the Netherlands) eat vegetables. The vegetable box tempts parents to offer vegetables as snacks and provides parents valuable insights on how to tempt their toddlers to give vegetables a try. This article presents the development of the vegetable box through a process of scoping, developing, implementing, evaluating, and follow-up. The vegetable box was evaluated by studying the effect, program, and process. The effect was evaluated by an experimental study with a pre- and posttest design and control group. Main results showed an increase in the number of days per week on which parents served vegetables and children ate them; surprisingly, though, the same result was found in the control condition. This was the first time that the present project team embarked on a social marketing journey. The article concludes with a description of the lessons learned.
Moderate Awareness and Limited Knowledge Relating to Cervical Cancer, HPV, and the HPV Vaccine Among Hispanics/Latinos in Utah
Authors: Bodson Julia , Warner Echo L. , Kepka Deanna
Published: May 2016

Background. We investigate the demographic factors associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine–related awareness and knowledge in an emerging (rather than established) Hispanic/Latino population. Method. We surveyed 119 Spanish-speaking, mostly low-income and immigrant, Hispanic/Latino parents and guardians of adolescents 11 to 17 years old (i.e., eligible to receive the HPV vaccine) about their HPV vaccine–related awareness and knowledge. Data collection took place between August 2013 and October 2013 in Salt Lake City, Utah. Results. Participants had moderately high awareness scores, with more than half the participants reporting having heard of cervical cancer (84.5%), HPV (76.4%), and the HPV vaccine (67.3%). HPV vaccine–related knowledge was low, with fewer than half the participants reporting they knew that most people are infected with HPV (32.7%), that HPV is asymptomatic among women (16.4%), that the HPV vaccine requires more than one dose (33.6%), and that the HPV vaccine is recommended for adolescent girls (47.3%) and boys (35.5%). Combined awareness and knowledge was significantly associated with educational attainment (p = .02) and country of origin (p = .03). Conclusion. Results demonstrate moderate to high HPV vaccine–related awareness and limited HPV vaccine–related knowledge among Hispanic/Latino parents living in Utah. These findings will inform educational interventions to improve the HPV vaccine–related awareness and knowledge in this vulnerable population.
Onbaekwon Suppresses Colon Cancer Cell Invasion by Inhibiting Expression of the CXC Chemokine Receptor 4
Authors: Kim Buyun , Yoon Jaewoo , Yoon Seong Woo , Park Byoungduck
Published: May 2016

Cysteine X cysteine (CXC) chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) were originally identified as chemoattractants between immune cells and sites of inflammation. Since studies have validated an increased level of CXCL12 and its receptor in patients with colorectal cancers, CXCL12/CXCR4 axis has been considered as a valuable marker of cancer metastasis. Therefore, identification of CXCR4 inhibitors has great potential to abrogate tumor metastasis. Onbaekwon (OBW) is a complex herbal formula that is derived from the literature of traditional Korean medicine Dongeuibogam. In this study, we demonstrated that OBW suppressed CXCR4 expression in various cancer cell types in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Both proteasomal and lysosomal inhibitors had no effect to prevent the OBW-induced suppression of CXCR4, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of OBW was not due to proteolytic degradation but occurred at the transcriptional level. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay further confirmed that OBW could block endogenous activation of nuclear factor kappa B, a key transcription factor that regulates the expression of CXCR4 in colon cancer cells. Consistent with the aforementioned molecular basis, OBW abolished cell invasion induced by CXCL12 in colon cancer cells. Together, our results suggest that OBW, as a novel inhibitor of CXCR4, could be a promising therapeutic agent contributing to cancer treatment.
The Endovascular Preprocedural Run Through and Brief: A Simple Intervention to Reduce Radiation Dose and Contrast Load in Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Stansfield Tim , Parker Richard , Masson Neil , Lewis David
Published: May 2016

Objectives:

To assess the impact of a quality assured planning and sizing process and the endovascular team briefing (preprocedure run through and brief – PRTB) on the delivery of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), in Edinburgh.

Design:

Prospective observational study, comparing parameters before and after the intervention.

Materials:

Prospectively collected database recording infrarenal aneurysms treated with EVAR performed from January 2007 to April 2014 at our institution. The total screening time, iodinated contrast volume used, radiation dose, endovascular training opportunities, and hospital length of stay were recorded.

Methods:

A comparison before (January 2007 to November 2011) and after (December 2011 to April 2014) the introduction of the PRTB was made for each of these variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to account for the learning effect.

Results:

In this study, 61 EVAR cases were performed prior to and 44 EVAR cases after the introduction of the PRTB. Univariate Mann-Whitney tests suggested a significant difference between before PRTB introduction and after PRTB introduction on all outcome variables except procedure time. Multiple linear regression analysis results showed a statistically significant improvement in outcomes after the change point for all outcomes except for radiation dose. Endovascular training opportunities were realized in 12/61 (20%) before compared to 42/44 cases (95%) after PRTB introduction.

Conclusions:

By introducing rigorous quality assurance and utilizing the principles of crew resource management to the EVAR process, it is possible to reduce screening times, contrast use, hospital length of stay, and improve endovascular training opportunities.
Retrograde Approach Using Surgical Cutdown Technique for Limb Salvage in a Case of Critical Limb Ischemia With Severely Calcified Tibial Occlusive Disease
Authors: Shiraki Tatsuya , Iida Osamu , Suemitsu Kotaro , Tsuji Yoriko , Uematsu Masaaki
Published: May 2016

We here report a successful angioplasty for tibial artery occlusion using direct tibial puncture and subsequent retrograde approach under surgical cutdown technique. An 82-year-old man with ulcer/gangrene in first and second digits was referred to our hospital for endovascular therapy (EVT) of lower extremity ischemia. Diagnostic angiogram revealed anterior tibial artery (ATA) occlusion with severe calcification. Subintimal angioplasty was attempted using a 0.014-inch hydrophilic guidewire but was unsuccessful. A retrograde approach was subsequently attempted for ATA recanalization. However, because of severe calcification of dorsal pedis artery (DPA), percutaneous distal puncture was also unsuccessful. Direct puncture under surgical cutdown technique for DPA was subsequently performed and was successful. A 0.014-inch hydrophilic wire was advanced in retrograde fashion across the ATA occlusion and was used to access the microcatheter positioned at the proximal ATA via antegrade approach. Angioplasty of the ATA occlusion was performed using a 2.5-/3.0-mm tapered balloon. Completion angiogram revealed restoration of flow without dissection. Skin perfusion pressure was dramatically improved. Complete wound healing was achieved 5 months after EVT.
Stand Up to Cancer 2012 and 2014
Authors: Charlesworth Diane
Published: May 2016

In a fragmenting attention economy, the stakes for television (TV) and for the public service broadcaster are particularly high. This article looks at the different strategies at play in the British broadcaster C4’s adaptation of the US-originated Stand Up to Cancer telethon format to present its particular voice and brand in this ecology. This intervention into the politics of medicine is analysed in relation to the discourses of neo-liberalism which, it is argued, have increasingly become part of the mode of address of British factual TV content and have increasingly defined the working of the country’s national health system.
The medical response to the Boston Marathon bombings: an analysis of social media commentary and professional opinion
Authors: Côté Emilie , Hearn Russell
Published: May 2016

Objectives:

To explore the differences in perception of the medical response to the victims of the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings between laypeople and healthcare professionals.

Methods:

Commentary accessible and available on Internet discussion websites by non-medically trained persons and in the academic literature by healthcare professionals was analysed qualitatively.

Results:

Major themes were found relating to both the pre-hospital and hospital-based phases of the medical response to the disaster. Laypeople focused more on pre-hospital care and the actions of specific bystanders, while healthcare professionals focused on hospital care, the importance of a disaster plan, and frequent training for the success of the response.

Conclusion:

Laypeople and healthcare professionals have positive but differing perceptions of the medical response to the victims of the bombings. This may have implications for future funding and implementation of disaster preparedness.
Effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention on improving the hand-washing skills and behaviors of migrant workers in Beijing
Authors: Yang Chong , Hu Junfeng , Tao Maoxuan , Li Yubo , Chai Yan , Ning Yan , Li Li , Xiao Qin
Published: May 2016

This study explores the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention featuring a combination of tailored print and video (TPV) and peer education on improving the hand-washing skills and behaviors of migrant workers in the capital city of China. In the control group, supportive measures in both policy and environment were adopted. In addition, the intervention group received TPV and peer education. A total of 1496 participants were involved in the baseline and evaluation survey. The results showed that the participants experienced significant changes in developing health behaviors and skills as a whole after the intervention. The intervention effectiveness of hand-washing skills on vendors was relatively small compared with those on restaurant waiters and waitresses (44.3% and 87.2%, respectively). About 81.2 percent of the participants always forgot to carefully wash their thumbs and 81.8 percent failed to properly clean the back of their hands. The multifaceted intervention of this study has helped in improving the hand-washing skills and behaviors of migrant workers. Key steps should be strengthened to enhance the intervention effect. Moreover, the elderly should be given more attention with regards to hand-washing skills.
The Song Is You
Authors: Greenberg David M. , Kosinski Michal , Stillwell David J. , Monteiro Brian L. , Levitin Daniel J. , Rentfrow Peter J.
Published: May 2016

Research suggests that musical preferences are linked to personality, but this research has been hindered by genre-based theories and methods. We address this limitation using a novel method based on the actual attributes that people perceive from music. In Study 1, using 102 musical pieces representing 26 genres and subgenres, we show that 38 perceived attributes in music can be organized into three basic dimensions: arousal, valence, and depth. In Study 2 ( N = 9,454), we show that people’s preferences for these musical attributes reflected their self-ratings of personality traits. Importantly, personality was found to predict musical preferences above and beyond demographic variables. These findings advance previous theory and research and have direct applications for the music industry, recommendation algorithms, and health-care professionals.
Calvin, Althusser and the cunning of myth: What to do after the revolution
Authors: Boer Roland
Published: May 2016

This article is a response to Matthew Sharpe, Geoff Boucher, and Rory Jeffs, concerning my Criticism of Heaven and Earth (2007–14). It replies to their critiques, especially in terms of Fredric Jameson and Louis Althusser, political myth and the question of theology itself through John Calvin. My underlying concern is the distinction between ‘before October' and ‘after October'; that is, the theoretical perspectives of living and working before the revolution or after it. Increasingly, my interests have turned to socialisms in power, in terms of both the problems faced and creativity induced. The remainder of the article examines the ramifications of this perspective for understanding the complex intersections of Marxism and theology.
Victim and Suspect Race and the Police Clearance of Sexual Assault
Authors: Stacey Michele , Martin Kimberly H. , Brick Bradley T.
Published: May 2016

Research testing the sexual stratification hypothesis has reached mixed conclusions about the relationship between victim and offender race and sexual assault case outcomes. Using data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System, we examine the relationship between the victim–suspect racial dyad and the odds of sexual assault case clearance, and whether the case was cleared via arrest versus an exceptional means clearance for reasons of declined prosecution or victim non-cooperation. The findings indicate little support for the sexual stratification hypothesis. Under certain circumstances, the victim–suspect racial dyad has a modest relationship with the odds of clearance and the manner in which cases are cleared. When the victim and offender are strangers, an arrest is less likely in White-on-Black assaults versus Black-on-White assaults. Further, an arrest is less likely in Black-on-Black family assaults because victims in these cases are less likely to cooperate with police, implying that Black victims’ reluctance or inability to cooperate with police plays an important and overlooked role in producing racial disparities in clearance and arrest outcomes in certain types of cases.
Biceps Lesion Associated With Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Jeong Ho Yeon , Kim Jung Youn , Cho Nam Su , Rhee Yong Girl
Published: May 2016

Background:

Various tenodesis methods are being used for long head of the biceps tendon lesions. However, there is no consensus on the most appropriate surgical method.

Hypothesis:

There are significant differences in incidence of cosmetic deformity and persistent bicipital pain between open subpectoral and arthroscopic intracuff tenodesis groups.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This study included 72 patients who underwent biceps tenodesis and rotator cuff repair between January 2009 and May 2014 and who were followed for at least 1 year. Open subpectoral tenodesis was performed in 39 patients (group A), and arthroscopic intracuff tenodesis was performed in 33 patients (group B).

Results:

In group A, the mean visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain during motion and mean University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Constant scores significantly improved from 4.6, 18.6, and 64.5 preoperatively to 1.9, 30.5, and 86.5 at last follow-up, respectively ( P < .001 for all). In group B, these scores significantly improved from 5.1, 17.6, and 62.9 preoperatively to 1.8, 31.5, and 85.9 at last follow-up, respectively ( P < .001 for all). Popeye deformity was noted in 2 (5.2%) patients from group A and 5 (15.6%) patients from group B ( P = .231). Additionally, persistent bicipital tenderness was noted in 1 (2.6%) patient from group A and 8 (24.2%) patients from group B ( P = .012).

Conclusion:

Both open subpectoral tenodesis and arthroscopic intracuff tenodesis show good clinical outcomes for long head of the biceps tendon lesions. However, open subpectoral tenodesis may be more appropriate, considering the low incidence of Popeye deformity and tenderness.