bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malignant Nonhematological Effusion Characterization by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Davidson Ben
Published: August 2016

With the exception of hematological malignancies, flow cytometry (FC) is infrequently applied as an ancillary tool in the diagnosis of malignant effusions in most institutions. However, FC may be effectively used to differentiate between epithelial cells, mesothelial cells and leukocytes using antibodies against both cell surface and intracellular proteins, offering the advantage of quantitative analysis. Additionally, FC may be applied to the quantitative detection of cancer-associated molecules, including stem cell markers, as well as assessment of critical cellular processes, such as proliferation and apoptosis. Some of the latter tests may have relevance for monitoring treatment response in the presence of metastatic disease, although this does not constitute routine practice to date. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the application of FC to serous effusions in the diagnostic setting, as well as in research into cancer biology focusing on clinical specimens. The studies published to date suggest a role for this method in the clinical setting in the context of diagnosis, prediction and prognosis.
Cilostazol Prevents Atrial Structural Remodeling through the MEK/ERK Pathway in a Canine Model of Atrial Tachycardia
Authors: Zhao Zhiqiang , Wang Yao , Chen Yan , Wang Xinghua , Li Jian , Yuan Meng , Liu Tong , Li Guangping
Published: August 2016

Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice. Atrial structural remodeling (ASR), particularly atrial fibrosis, is an important contributor to the AF substrate. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of the phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol on ASR and its potential molecular mechanisms in a canine model of rapid atrial pacing (RAP). Methods: Thirty dogs were assigned to sham (Sham), paced/ no treatment (Paced) and paced + cilostazol 5 mg/kg/day (Paced + cilo) groups, with 10 dogs in each group. RAP at 500 beats/min was maintained for 2 weeks, while the Sham group was instrumented without pacing. Cilostazol was provided orally during pacing. Western blotting, RT-PCR and pathology were used to assess ASR. Results: Cilostazol attenuated atrial interstitial fibrosis and structural remodeling in canines with RAP. MEK/ERK transduction pathway gene expression was upregulated in the Paced group compared with the Sham group. Cilostazol markedly alleviated these changes in the MEK/ERK pathway. Transforming growth factor-β1 protein expression in the Paced group was significantly higher than in the Sham group (p < 0.01), and was significantly reduced by cilostazol (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that cilostazol is beneficial for prevention and treatment in atrial tachycardia-induced ASR in a canine model of RAP.
Association of the MTHFR Gene C677T Polymorphism with Breast Cancer in a Turkish Population
Authors: Kaya Emir F. , Karakus Nevin , Ulusoy Ali N. , Özaslan Cihangir , Kara Nurten
Published: August 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. 1 in every 8 women in the United States have a lifetime risk of getting breast cancer. MTHFR is a key enzyme that regulates the folate metabolism which has an important role in DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation. The aim of the current study was to analyze the association between the MTHFR gene C677T (Ala222Val, rs1801133) polymorphism and breast cancer. Patients and Methods: 199 breast cancer patients and 195 healthy controls were included in this study. The MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. A meta-analysis including 707 breast cancer patients and 880 controls from Turkish populations was also carried out. Statistical analyses were performed using the χ2 test. Results: No statistically significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies were observed between patients and controls (p > 0.05). Although not statistically significant, TT homozygous variants were encountered more frequently in patients than in controls. A statistically significant association was observed between the MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism and the tumor histology of breast cancer patients (p = 0.038). The results of the meta-analysis suggested that there was a high association between breast cancer and the MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism in Turkish populations (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In our study, we did not find any association between the MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism and breast cancer. However, a meta-analysis of the 6 association studies carried out in Turkish populations with 707 patients and 880 controls showed a significant association between breast cancer and the MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism.
The Family of Crumbs Genes and Human Disease
Authors: Slavotinek Anne M.
Published: August 2016

The family of vertebrate Crumbs proteins, homologous to Drosophila Crumbs (Crb), share large extracellular domains with epidermal growth factor-like repeats and laminin-globular domains, a single transmembrane domain, and a short intracellular C-terminus containing a single membrane proximal 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin-binding domain and PSD-95/Discs large/ZO-1-binding motifs. There are 3 Crb genes in humans - Crumbs homolog-1 (CRB1), Crumbs homolog-2 (CRB2), and Crumbs homolog-3 (CRB3). Bilallelic loss-of-function mutations in CRB1 cause visual impairment, with Leber's congenital amaurosis and retinitis pigmentosa, whereas CRB2 mutations are associated with raised maternal serum and amniotic fluid alpha feto-protein levels, ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalus, and renal disease, ranging from focal segmental glomerulosclerosis to congenital Finnish nephrosis. CRB3 has not yet been associated with human disease. In this review, we summarize the phenotypic findings associated with deleterious sequence variants in CRB1 and CRB2. We discuss the mutational spectrum, animal models of loss of function for both genes and speculate on the likely mechanisms of disease.
Poor Prognosis Associated with High Levels of Thymidine Phosphorylase and Thrombocytosis in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Xing , Wang Lei , Chen Yuan , Zheng Xinmin , Wang Xinghuan
Published: August 2016

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the expression of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its correlation with clinicopathological features and thrombocytosis, and also to determine their prognostic significance. Patients and Methods: TP expression in 127 RCC specimens was evaluated with immunohistochemistry assays. Platelet (PLT) counts of patients before surgery were recorded. Correlations among TP expression, PLT and the clinicopathological features of the patients and their prognostic values were studied statistically. Results: Sixty-eight patients of high TP expression (54%) and 59 of low TP expression (46%) were detected. There were 25 patients with thrombocytosis (20%). High TP expression was significantly associated with tumor stage (p = 0.004), histological grade (p = 0.001) and thrombocytosis (p = 0.012). The 5-year overall survival rate was 88.1% in patients with low TP expression, whereas it was 61.8% in patients with high TP expression (p < 0.001). The 5-year survival rates for patients with and without thrombocytosis were 16.0% and 88.2%, respectively (p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis showed that high TP expression and thrombocytosis would play a role as independent prognostic factors in RCC patients. Conclusion: High TP expression and thrombocytosis can be regarded as independent prognostic factors of poor survival in patients with RCC.
Chronic Fluoxetine Treatment Upregulates the Activity of the ERK1/2-NF-κB Signaling Pathway in the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex of Rats Exposed to Forced-Swimming Stress
Authors: Cui Jingqiu , Yang Kun , Yu Xue , Wang Jing-lan , Li Jie , Zhang Yong , Li Hengfen
Published: August 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore whether or not the antidepressant actions of fluoxetine (FLX) are correlated with extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor κ-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in the hippocampus (HC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 108 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 18 rats each. Group 1 was the control group, while group 2 comprised the depressed model in which rats were subjected to 28 days of forced-swimming stress (FST); groups 3-6 were also subjected to 28 days of FST and treated with FLX once a day for 1 day (group 3; F1d), 1 week (group 4; F1w), 2 weeks (group 5; F2w), or 4 weeks (group 6; F4w). The control group was not subjected to FST or treated with FLX. Behavior tests that included the Morris water maze (MWM) and saccharin preference were performed, and ERK1/2 and NF-κB proteins were assayed using Western blot. Results: The rats in the control group and in groups 5 and 6 (F2w and F4w, respectively) had a significantly shorter average escape latency, needed more attempts in order to successfully cross the platform, and had a greater saccharin preference than those in the depressed group (p < 0.05). In the depressed group, the phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and phosphorylated NF-κB (p-NF-κB) expression in the HC and PFC were lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). Treatment with FLX reversed the changes in the expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-NF-κB in rats in the F2w and F4w groups. Conclusions: In this study, FLX treatment for 2 weeks or longer reversed the impaired spatial learning, memory, and anhedonia observed in the depressed model rats and upregulated the activities of the ERK1/2-NF-κB signaling pathway.
Fatores associados à opinião favorável (ou contrária) à liberação da maconha em uma amostra de docentes e discentes universitários
Authors: Landim-Almeida Camila Aparecida Pinheiro , Rodrigues Henrique Galeno Patrício , Magalhães Juliana Macêdo , Fernandes Márcia Astrês
Published: August 2016

Objetivou-se conhecer fatores associados à opinião favorável (ou contrária) à liberação da maconha, em uma amostra de docentes e discentes universitários. Estudo exploratório-descritivo e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, com 288 docentes e discentes dos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem e Direito de uma instituição de ensino superior privada, em Teresina, PI. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário autoaplicável, em 2014, e analisados no programa estatístico Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Os principais resultados revelaram que a maioria era do sexo feminino, média de 25 anos, solteiros, católicos e aproximadamente 70% mostraram-se contrários à liberação da maconha. Conclui-se que há carência de pesquisas sobre o tema da liberação da maconha no Brasil, principalmente em relação à visão de docentes e discentes de nível superior.
Barreiras e facilidades encontradas por mulheres usuárias de substâncias psicoativas na busca por tratamento especializado
Authors: Albuquerque Caroline De Souza , Nóbrega Maria Do Perpétuo Socorro Sousa
Published: August 2016

Identificar barreiras e facilidades encontradas por mulheres na busca de tratamento em dependência química. Pesquisa quantitativa realizada em três Centros de Atenção Psicossocial do estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de informações obtidas por amostras com 44 mulheres, sendo: solteiras (52,3%), brancas (43,2%), sem trabalho (95,4%). De acordo com a amostragem, os índices obtidos foram: o uso de substância psicoativa identificado na faixa etária entre 5 e 20 anos (77,2%), o uso de substância psicoativa na rua com amigos (34,9%), buscaram tratamento pela primeira vez devido ao álcool (45,5%) e (65,9%) ficaram motivadas ao chegar ao tratamento. Como barreiras externas predominaram os seguintes itens: (81,8%), não sabiam que existia serviço especializado, (79,5%) não sabia que existia tratamento específico para mulheres, (79,5%) que a família não via importância/tinha vergonha da mulher usuária, e (79,5%) nunca havia sido encaminhadas para um serviço especializado. Entretanto, o índice mais relevante como facilidade na busca por tratamento é o apoio da família e/ou amigos, apontado por 70,5% das mulheres. A pesquisa reflete fragilidades na detecção precoce do consumo de substâncias psicoativas em mulheres e na divulgação e encaminhamento para os serviços de tratamento especializados.
O papel da escola nas ações preventivas relacionadas ao uso de álcool e outras drogas por alunos do Ensino Fundamental I
Authors: Silva Maria Da Conceição Aparecida
Published: August 2016

Este estudo investiga, na literatura citada, a existência de estratégias educativas suficientes para a prevenção do uso de álcool e drogas por alunos do ensino fundamental I no Brasil, em particular entre 9 e 11 anos de idade (Alunos do 3º ao 5º ano). A necessidade desse estudo mostra-se através dos dados científicos que apontam para o uso precoce de álcool e drogas nessa faixa etária aqui denominada "Pré-adolescência". Após elaborar uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica e fazer a descoberta da inexistência de pesquisas especificamente direcionadas a essa faixa etária no âmbito escolar, o trabalho aponta para a relevância do papel da escola em programas multidisciplinares e interdisciplinares de prevenção contra o uso de álcool e drogas.
Comunidade Terapêutica para Adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática de literatura entre 2002 e 2013
Authors: Pedron Camila Biribio Woerner , Buchele Fátima
Published: August 2016

O presente estudo constitui-se em uma revisão integrativa sistemática de artigos científicos publicados no período entre 2002-2013, objetivando analisar as publicações que relacionam a temática comunidade terapêutica e adolescentes, indexadas em bases de dados previamente determinadas. Os artigos foram organizados e classificados para a análise final realizada a partir de indicadores bibliométricos. Duas temáticas principais foram identificadas, a primeira foi constituída por três artigos que tratam da avaliação e resultados do tratamento. A segunda temática, contando com quatro artigos, discorre sobre aspectos do processo de tratamento. Os estudos apontam para resultados positivos no atendiment o com maior tempo de duração desses adolescentes. Identificou-se a escassa produção científica sobre o tema, especialmente em âmbito nacional.
Treinamento de equipes de enfermagem para assistência à síndrome de abstinência alcoólica: revisão integrativa
Authors: Ponce Talita Dutra , Prates José Gilberto , Vargas Divane De , Oliveira Marcia Aparecida Ferreira de , Claro Heloisa Garcia , Gnatta Luciana Rizzo
Published: August 2016

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar evidências relativas à eficácia de estratégias de treinamentos para equipes de enfermagem assistenciais com temática relacionada à síndrome de abstinência alcoólica. Usou-se, como método, a revisão integrativa, com descritores indexados nas bases de informações MEDLINE, LILACS, Bireme, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science e CINAHL, sem restrições de ano. Foram utilizados os descritores: "Síndrome de Abstinência Alcóolica", "Enfermagem" e "Educação". Os treinamentos realizados com equipes de enfermagem foram considerados eficazes, refletindo de forma positiva na assistência. Todos os estudos incluíram em seus treinamentos escalas como forma de avaliar os pacientes, sendo a escala Assessment Clinical Institute Withdrawal for Alcohol, Revised e o questionário CAGE os mais utilizados. Conclui-se que profissionais de enfermagem que trabalham com a síndrome de abstinência alcoólica precisam receber treinamentos e atualizações sobre o tema.
O retorno ao trabalho na perspectiva de terapeutas ocupacionais: facilitadores e barreiras
Authors: Rossi da Silva Talita Naiara , Oliveira Alves Gisele Beatriz , Assis Marcella Guimarães
Published: August 2016

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender as percepções dos terapeutas ocupacionais em relação aos fatores facilitadores e as barreiras para o retorno ao trabalho. Fundamentase na abordagem qualitativa. Participaram cinco terapeutas ocupacionais que atuam no Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário online. As respostas foram analisadas a partir da análise de conteúdo da qual emergiram três categorias temáticas: Segurados: aspectos pessoais e interrelacionais; Empresas e INSS: fatores organizacionais e recursos humanos; e Políticas Públicas: capacitação e contratação de trabalhadores. Os resultados apontaram entre os facilitadores para o retorno ao trabalho a motivação dos trabalhadores, a qualificação, a integração entre INSS e as empresas, e as políticas que apoiam a capacitação. Como barreiras foram reveladas as experiências profissionais restritas, a desarticulação entre as áreas do INSS, o desinteresse das empresas para adaptar situações de trabalho e a descontinuidade dos recursos para a Reabilitação Profissional. O retorno ao trabalho é um processo multifatorial e requer a atuação de diferentes atores sociais na transformação do trabalho para potencializar os facilitadores e modificar as barreiras.
Perfil de servidores com deficiência de uma instituição federal de ensino: uso de tecnologia assistiva.
Authors: Silva Mariana Seabra , Toyoda Cristina Yoshie , Pelosi Miryam Bonadiu , Silva Nilson Rogério da
Published: August 2016

O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar servidores com deficiência de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior e verificar sua percepção em relação à funcionalidade, autonomia e satisfação em relação ao trabalho. Participaram nove servidores técnico-administrativos com deficiência que ingressaram na IFES entre 2000 e 2012, por meio de concurso público com vagas destinadas a pessoas com deficiência. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos: Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF) e uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Na análise da MIF os participantes obtiveram escores de independência modificada e independência total; sete entrevistados fazem uso de tecnologia Assistiva (TA) no cotidiano e somente um, específico para o trabalho. Todos se mostraram satisfeitos com seu desempenho e acham que, não necessitam de outro recurso. Os entrevistados têm deficiências leves e alto nível de escolarização. É urgente uma política mais ampla especialmente para as pessoas com deficiências moderadas e graves, para que possam ingressar no mercado de trabalho e exercer sua cidadania.
Vascular Tortuosity May Be Associated With Cervical Artery Dissection
Authors: Kim Bum Joon , Yang Ewha , Kim Na-Young , Kim Mi-Jung , Kang Dong-Wha , Kwon Sun U. , Kim Jong S.
Published: August 2016

Background and Purpose—

Dissection is an increasingly recognized cause of ischemic stroke, which occurs spontaneously or after trauma, in relatively young patients. We hypothesized that there might be a predisposing factor weakening the vascular wall and that arterial tortuosity might be higher in patients with dissection.

Methods—

We consecutively enrolled cervical artery dissection (CerAD) patients who had undergone magnetic resonance angiography. Age- and sex-matched healthy subjects who underwent magnetic resonance angiography in a routine health examination were used as controls. The tortuosity was measured semiautomatically from the carotid artery and vertebral artery (VA) arteries. Tortuosity index was defined as: [(arc/chord)−1×100] in each arteries. Independent risk factors associated with CerAD were investigated using multivariable analysis. Subgroup analysis according to the dissected artery was performed.

Results—

There were no differences in vascular risk factors between the 75 CerAD patients and the 75 controls. The tortuosity indexes of the contralesional VA (16.3±6.8 versus 12.1±4.5, respectively;
P
<0.001) and carotid artery (8.8±4.0 versus 7.3±2.9, respectively;
P
=0.01) were higher in patients with CerAD compared with those of control subjects. VA tortuosity (odds ratio, 1.175;
P
=0.001) was independently associated with the presence of CerAD. In subgroup analysis, VA tortuosity was significantly higher in 57 patients with VA dissection than in controls (
P
<0.001), and carotid artery tortuosity was marginally higher in 18 patients with carotid artery dissection (
P
=0.05).

Conclusions—

CerAD is associated with tortuous cervical arteries, which may implicate weakened cervical vascular structure in these patients.
Higher Risk of Ischemic Events in Secondary Prevention for Patients With Persistent Than Those With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Koga Masatoshi , Yoshimura Sohei , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Shibuya Satoshi , Ito Yasuhiro , Matsuoka Hideki , Takamatsu Kazuhiro , Nishiyama Kazutoshi , Todo Kenichi , Kimura Kazumi , Furui Eisuke , Terasaki Tadashi , Shiokawa Yoshiaki , Kamiyama Kenji , Takizawa Shunya , Okuda Satoshi , Okada Yasushi , Kameda Tomoaki , Nagakane Yoshinari , Yagita Yoshiki , Kario Kazuomi , Shiozawa Masayuki , Sato Shoichiro , Yamagami Hiroshi , Arihiro Shoji , Toyoda Kazunori ,   for the SAMURAI Study Investigators
Published: August 2016

Background and Purpose—

The discrimination between paroxysmal and sustained (persistent or permanent) atrial fibrillation (AF) has not been considered in the approach to secondary stroke prevention. We aimed to assess the differences in clinical outcomes between mostly anticoagulated patients with sustained and paroxysmal AF who had previous ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Methods—

Using data from 1192 nonvalvular AF patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack who were registered in the SAMURAI-NVAF study (Stroke Management With Urgent Risk-Factor Assessment and Improvement-Nonvalvular AF; a prospective, multicenter, observational study), we divided patients into those with paroxysmal AF and those with sustained AF. We compared clinical outcomes between the 2 groups.

Results—

The median follow-up period was 1.8 (interquartile range, 0.93–2.0) years. Of the 1192 patients, 758 (336 women; 77.9±9.9 years old) and 434 (191 women; 77.3±10.0 years old) were assigned to the sustained AF group and paroxysmal AF groups, respectively. After adjusting for sex, age, previous anticoagulation, and initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, sustained AF was negatively associated with 3-month independence (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.87;
P
=0.006). The annual rate of stroke or systemic embolism was 8.3 and 4.6 per 100 person-years, respectively (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.26–3.14) and that of major bleeding events was 3.4 and 3.1, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.63–2.08).

Conclusions—

Among patients with previous ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, those with sustained AF had a higher risk of stroke or systemic embolism compared with those with paroxysmal AF.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01581502.
La bibliothèque de Mustafa Sıdkı : contribution à l’étude d’une collection de manuscrits au xviiie siècle
Authors: Bonmariage Cécile
Published: August 2016

The reconstitution of the collection of manuscripts gathered by the 18th century mathematician Mustafa Sıdkı (Muṣṭafā Ṣidqī, d. 1183/1769) has raised interest beyond the milieu of historians of sciences. Building on the findings made by earlier scholars, and adding a number of volumes not yet identified, the article provides an inventory of some ninety manuscripts that were once in the possession of Sıdkı. This inventory shows that Sıdkı’s interests go far beyond sciences and mathematics, and that manuscripts that belonged to his collection found their way to more libraries than previously known.

Cet article entend contribuer à la reconstitution de la bibliothèque de Mustafa Sıdkı (Muṣṭafā Ṣidqī), un mathématicien ottoman du xviiie siècle, mort à Üsküdar en 1183/1769. Il fait le point sur ce qui est connu aujourd’hui, répertorie les manuscrits signalés dans différentes publications, et ajoute à la liste ainsi constituée une quarantaine de manuscrits, qui montrent que les livres ayant appartenu à Sıdkı ont abouti dans d’autres bibliothèques encore que celles repérées jusqu’ici. L’inventaire ainsi constitué, qui regroupe près d’une centaine de volumes, témoigne du large champ des intérêts du collectionneur.

This article is in French.
Marsdenia calichicola (Apocynaceae), a narrow endemic, endangered new species from the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula
Authors: CARNEVALI GERMÁN , TREJO-TORRES JORGE CARLOS , JUÁREZ-JAIMES VERÓNICA , DUNO RODRIGO , TAPIA-MUÑOZ JOSÉ LUIS , RAMÍREZ-MORILLO IVÓN M. , CETZAL-IX WILLIAM
Published: August 2016

Marsdenia (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae, Marsdeniae) is represented by five species in the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula (vs. seven in the whole of the province), one of which is herein proposed as new to science.  The new species, Mardenia calichicola Carnevali & Juárez-Jaimes, is only known from a narrow strip of sub-xerophytic forests over calcareous, rocky soils along the northwestern edge in the Yucatán state of Mexico. Marsdenia calichicola is morphologically similar and likely related to M. gallardoae and M. trivirgulata. Among other characters, it differs from Marsdenia gallardoae by the presence of a corona composed of cushion-like calli (corolla lacking calli in M. gallardoae) whereas M. trivirgulata has a glabrous or glabrescent corolla (vs. pubescent in M. calichicola); additional characters are herein discussed. We provide pertinent iconography to aid in the identification of the new species plus a key to diagnose the three species in the M. trivirgulata complex. The conservation status of the new taxon is assessed against the IUCN criteria as CR. A distribution map and a key to the species of Marsdenia from the Yucatan Peninsula Biotic Province are presented.
The intertidal Fortuyniidae (Acari: Oribatida): new species, morphological diversity, ecology and biogeography
Authors: PFINGSTL TOBIAS
Published: August 2016

Three new fortuyniid species, Fortuynia longiseta sp. nov., F. maledivensis sp. nov. and Alismobates pseudoreticulatus sp. nov., were found in littoral environments of the Maldives and Singapore and are described based on adult and juvenile morphology. A key is given to all Alismobates and Fortuynia species. The genus Fortuynia shows a homogeneous morphology and this is supposed to be a result of a limited habitat preference shown in this genus. Nearly all species only occur on rocky intertidal shores, except for F. rotunda dwelling in mangrove habitats and F. smiti found in riverine environments. Fortuynia smiti was now also found in a typical littoral habitat in Singapore and hence the remarkably broad ecological range of this species is discussed. The records of further fortuyniid species in the Indo-Pacific affirm that this taxon may be continuously distributed along shores of this geographic region.
Description of three new species of Eumida Malmgren, 1865 (Phyllodocidae, Annelida) from Southern and Southeastern Brazil
Authors: DE OLIVEIRA VERÔNICA MARIA , EIBYE-JACOBSEN DANNY , LANA PAULO DA CUNHA
Published: August 2016

We describe three new species of Eumida from shallow estuarine and shelf bottoms from south and southeastern Brazil as part of a regional survey of the family Phyllodocidae. Previous regional records of Eumida sanguinea (Örsted, 1843) are herein referred to Eumida dracodermica sp. nov. The two species differ in the size of the prostomium, the distribution of micropapillae on the proboscis, and the shape of the dorsal cirri. Eumida macrophthalma sp. nov. has much larger eyes than the other two species described herein. The dorsal cirri on anterior median segments are rounded and on median and posterior segments they are asymmetrical and cordiform, longer than the dorsal cirri in Eumida dracodermica sp. nov. The lanceolate median dorsal cirri in Eumida delicata sp. nov. are only shared with E. ockelmanni Eibye-Jacobsen, 1987. It is also possible to diagnose the three species by their dorsal whitish pigmentation patterns on the first segments of living or well conserved animals.
A review of the Canthyporus exilis group, with the description of two new species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
Authors: BILTON DAVID T.
Published: August 2016

Canthyporus namaqualacrimus sp. nov. and Canthyporus pallidus sp. nov. are described from the Namaqualand region of South Africa, both members of the exilis group. A revised key to species of the group is provided, together with details of the external and spermathecal tract morphology of the female of Canthyporus aenigmaticus Biström & Nilsson, 2006, a species previously known only from the male holotype. The opportunity is also taken to present new ecological and distributional data on members of the exilis group, most of which are primarily associated with springs and seepage habitats.
Polarization, Gridlock, and Presidential Campaign Politics in 2016
Authors: Jacobson Gary C.
Published: August 2016

The American electorate has grown increasingly divided along party lines in recent decades, by political attitudes, social values, basic demography, and even beliefs about reality. Deepening partisan divisions have inspired high levels of party-line voting and low levels of ticket splitting, resulting in thoroughly nationalized, president- and party-centered federal elections. Because of the way the electoral system aggregates votes, however, historically high levels of electoral coherence have delivered incoherent, divided government and policy stalemate. The 2016 nomination campaigns have exposed deep fissures within as well as between the parties, and their results threaten to shake up electoral patterns that have prevailed so far during this century, with uncertain and perhaps unpredictable consequences for national politics. The 2016 election is certain to polarize the electorate, but the axis of polarization may not fall so neatly along party lines as it has in recent years.
The Electoral Landscape of 2016
Authors: Sides John , Tesler Michael , Vavreck Lynn
Published: August 2016

As 2015 got underway, most Americans were poised for another Bush vs. Clinton presidential election, but by the middle of the year it was clear something unexpected was unfolding in the race for the White House. In this article, we illuminate the political landscape heading into the 2016 election, paying special attention to the public’s mood, their assessments of government, their attitudes about race and members of the other party, and the health of the nation’s economy. Fundamental predictors of election outcomes did not clearly favor either side, but an increasing ethnic diversity in the electorate, alongside a racially polarized electorate, was favorable to Democrats. Ultimately, an ambivalent electorate divided by party and race set the stage for a presidential primary that played directly on these divisions, and for a general election whose outcome initially appeared far from certain.
Ideologically Extreme Candidates in U.S. Presidential Elections, 1948–2012
Authors: Cohen Marty , McGrath Mary C. , Aronow Peter , Zaller John
Published: August 2016

Scholars routinely cite the landslide defeats of Barry Goldwater and George McGovern as evidence that American electorates punish extremism in presidential politics. Yet systematic evidence for this view is thin. In this article we use postwar election outcomes to assess the electoral effects of extremism. In testing ten models over the seventeen elections, we find scant evidence of extremism penalties that were either substantively large or close to statistical significance.
National Forces in State Legislative Elections
Authors: Rogers Steven
Published: August 2016

The race for the White House is at the top of the ticket, but voters will also choose more than 5,000 state legislators in November 2016. While voters elect and hold the president responsible for one job and state legislators for another, the outcomes of their elections are remarkably related. In analyses of elite and voter behavior in state legislative elections, I show that legislators affiliated with the president’s party—especially during unpopular presidencies—are the most likely to be challenged, and compared with individual assessments of the state legislature, changes in presidential approval have at least three times the impact on voters’ decision-making in state legislative elections. Thus, while state legislatures wield considerable policymaking power, legislators’ electoral fates appear to be largely out of their control.
Rise of the Trumpenvolk
Authors: Oliver J. Eric , Rahn Wendy M.
Published: August 2016

Despite the wide application of the label “populist” in the 2016 election cycle, there has been little systematic evidence that this election is distinctive in its populist appeal. Looking at historical trends, contemporary rhetoric, and public opinion data, we find that populism is an appropriate descriptor of the 2016 election and that Donald Trump stands out in particular as the populist par excellence. Historical data reveal a large “representation gap” that typically accompanies populist candidates. Content analysis of campaign speeches shows that Trump, more so than any other candidate, employs a rhetoric that is distinctive in its simplicity, anti-elitism, and collectivism. Original survey data show that Trump’s supporters are distinctive in their unique combination of anti-expertise, anti-elitism, and pronationalist sentiments. Together, these findings highlight the distinctiveness of populism as a mechanism of political mobilization and the unusual character of the 2016 race.
Micro X-ray Fluorescence Study of Late Pre-Hispanic Ceramics from the Western Slopes of the South Central Andes Region in the Arica y Parinacota Region, Chile: A New Methodological Approach
Authors: Flewett Samuel , Saintenoy Thibault , Sepúlveda Marcela , Mosso Edward Fabian , Robles Carolina , Vega Katherine , Gutierrez Sebastian , Romero Alvaro , Finney Lydia , Maxey Evan , Vogt Stefan
Published: August 2016

Archeological ceramic paste material typically consists of a mix of a clay matrix and various millimeter and sub-millimeter sized mineral inclusions. Micro X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a standard compositional classification tool and in this work we propose and demonstrate an improved fluorescence map processing protocol where the mineral inclusions are automatically separated from the clay matrix to allow independent statistical analysis of the two parts. Application of this protocol allowed us to enhance the discrimination between different ceramic shards compared with the standard procedure of working with only the spatially averaged elemental concentrations. Using the new protocol, we performed an initial compositional classification of a set of 83 ceramic shards from the western slopes of the south central Andean region in the Arica y Parinacota region (Chile). Comparing the classifications obtained using the new versus the old (average concentrations only) protocols, we found that some samples were erroneously classified with the old protocol. From an archaeological perspective, a broad and heterogeneous regional sample set was used in this experimental study due to the fact that this was the first such analysis to be performed on ceramics from this region. This allowed a general overview to be obtained, however further work on more specific sample sets will be necessary to extract concrete archaeological conclusions.
The Foundations of Aboriginal Spirituality and Healing from the Perspective of Rogier Vandersteene
Authors: Waugh Earle H.
Published: August 2016

In the light of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), and the often troubling rush to judgment towards the missionaries by many today, it is well to pause and consider those individuals, flawed as they were, who saw deeper truths in Aboriginal culture than was acknowledged in their day. Consider one known as “Steentje, Little Stone,” in Belgium, and eventually as “Ka Miyohtwat – the good man” among his parishioners. Few Canadian missionaries have had the kind of impact that Roger Vandersteene had upon the Cree of Northern Alberta: he was accorded an extraordinary place in the religious terrain at a time when antagonism towards the role of the Church in residential schools was beginning to swell. This article summarizes some of the key points of his achievement, focusing purposely on his perceptions of his mission and the ramifications for understanding traditional Aboriginal spiritual values. He saw these values expressed most effectively in the close relationship between the spiritual world and the potential for wellness and healing.
Secularization, Dispossession, Forced Deprivatization
Authors: Shrubsole Nicholas D.
Published: August 2016

This article examines the effects of secularization and dispossession on the protection of First Nations sacred sites. The separation of religion from the state and the privatization of religion are intricately connected, but religion’s relegation to the private sphere is not its permanent location. These processes contribute to the construction of conditions by which religions must conform in order to enter the public arena and debate morally relevant issues. Deprivatization demands a particular type of religion that is susceptible to compromise and negotiation. This leads to two problems for the protection of First Nations sacred sites: (1) the state’s control over much of the traditional lands of First Nations and over socio-economic expansion forces First Nations into the public arena to seek the protection of their sacred sites, and (2) there is an intimate connection between First Nations’ religious beliefs and the topic of public debate.
Coping with Death
Authors: Ruml Mark F.
Published: August 2016

The writing of this article reflects a personal journey through the author’s own healing process in coping with death. He articulates the important role that Dakota and Ojibwe mourning and other ceremonies have played in his healing process. The author legitimates inserting himself personally by appealing to accepted methodological approaches that not only allow but encourage such an approach. The author’s intention is not to engage in an analysis of various methodological approaches but, rather, to employ an Indigenous methodological approach that focuses on writing from the perspective of one’s own experience.
Researching the Self
Authors: Sanduliak Ashleigh
Published: August 2016

This paper considers the ethical implications of auto-ethnography as a research method by examining the process of reclaiming a Métis identity suppressed for multiple generations. This examination uses the three ethical concerns identified by Carolyn Ellis (2007) as its framework. The paper argues for the use of auto-ethnography as a research tool as it provides space for first-hand narratives and is more in line with an Aboriginal worldview than traditional scholarly methods.
Infantile Colic: What to Know for the Primary Care Setting
Authors: Pace Chinonyerem Ashley
Published: August 2016

Infantile colic is a self-limiting condition characterized by recurrent, prolonged periods of intense crying in an inconsolable infant. The etiology is unknown although many hypotheses have been proposed. Colic can be very frustrating for parents to deal with, thus it is important to provide reassurance and resources. Also, there are therapeutic interventions available that have shown some efficacy in reducing the symptoms of colic, but more evidence is needed to support their use.
The Effects of Criminal Propensity and Strain on Later Offending
Authors: Craig Jessica M. , Cardwell Stephanie M. , Piquero Alex R.
Published: August 2016

Recently, Agnew has narrowed the focus of General Strain Theory by arguing certain factors must converge for criminal coping to occur. Specifically, individuals must have certain crime-related traits, experience strains that are perceived as unjust and high in magnitude, and occur in situations that encourage criminal coping. A longitudinal sample of serious adolescent offenders was used to assess the impact of direct and vicarious victimization on later offending among those with higher and lower criminal propensity. Regardless of their criminal propensity, youth who experienced victimization were more likely to engage in antisocial behavior compared with those who were not victimized. The results are mixed regarding Agnew’s thesis and suggest that victimization experiences may push justice-involved youth into further crime.
Understanding the Reading Process: One Path to Strengthening Classroom Instruction
Authors: Tracey Diane H.
Published: August 2016

Knowing how to provide effective literacy instruction is important for all educators, but it is critically important for urban educators. This article is built on the assumption that deepening urban educators’ understanding of the reading process will better equip them to facilitate students’ reading development, and to diagnose and intervene if reading difficulties are discovered. Based on that belief, a discussion of a highly regarded reading model, the Parallel Distributed Processing Model (PDPM), is presented. Classroom implications of the reading model are also discussed. Overall, it is hoped that understanding the reading process through the lens of PDPM will help urban educators promote reading success for all students.
Reflections on Participation and Knowledge-Making as Part of India’s National Urban Health Mission Technical Resource Group Recommendation Exercise
Authors: Nambiar Devaki , Dasgupta Rajib , Sundararaman Thiagrajan , Ganesan Prathibha , Gupta Shikha
Published: August 2016

India’s urbanization, though precipitous, is undirected, random, and opportunistic, shaped more by pressures than by policies. This has resulted in inequitable access to health services and adverse health outcomes for the urban poor. Late 2013 saw the launch of India’s National Urban Health Mission, a broad scheme aimed at prioritizing urban health in the country with an emphasis on the poor. Acknowledging both the diversity and complexity of urban poverty across India’s cities, a Technical Resource Group was convened by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to support the process. We describe the context surrounding this effort and the procedure followed, which entailed in-depth interactions with the urban poor themselves and with officials, health system actors, civil society, and other stakeholders. Even as recommendations were accepted, given the meager allocation for health in the country, only piecemeal implementation is underway. Thus, policy processes are often a dialectic involving shifts that a range of stakeholders may variably resist or embrace. The most important lesson, however, is that it is both feasible and desirable to engage directly with the community, implementers, and researchers and to negotiate and connect their knowledge in the crafting of public policy.
Gender Policies and Gender Inequalities in Health in Europe
Authors: Palència Laia , De Moortel Deborah , Artazcoz Lucía , Salvador-Piedrafita María , Puig-Barrachina Vanessa , Hagqvist Emma , Pérez Glòria , Ruiz Marisol E. , Trujillo-Alemán Sara , Vanroelen Christophe , Malmusi Davide , Borrell Carme
Published: August 2016

The aim of this article is to explain the results of the SOPHIE project regarding the effect of gender policies on gender inequalities in health in Europe. We start with the results of a systematic review on how gender regimes and gender equality policies at the country level impact women’s health and gender inequalities in health. Then, we report on three empirical analyses on the relationship between different family policy models existing in Europe and gender inequalities in health. Finally we present four case studies on specific examples of gender policies or determinants of gender inequalities in health. The results show that policies that support women’s participation in the labor force and decrease their burden of care, such as public services and support for families and entitlements for fathers, are related to lower levels of gender inequality in terms of health. In addition, public services and benefits for disabled and dependent people can reduce the burden placed on family caregivers and hence improve their health. In the context of the current economic crisis, gender equality policies should be maintained or improved.
Factors impacting gas content measurements using gas desorption by drilling underground boreholes
Authors: Li Zenghua , Qi Qiangqiang , Yang Yongliang , Zhou Yinbo , Wang Bin
Published: August 2016

Accurate determination of the gas content in coalbeds is important for safe mining. Currently, gas desorption by drilling underground boreholes is the most commonly used gas determination method. However, this method is not very accurate and needs to be improved. In this study, we established a laboratory protocol based on coal adsorption studies to analyse factors affecting the measurement accuracy. The results showed that exposure time, sampling method, sample weight, particle size and gas loss estimate significantly affected the gas content measurement using gas desorption by drilling underground boreholes. Longer exposure time and increased particle size resulted in higher relative errors. Sampling by coring is more accurate than sampling by drilling. The higher the sample weight is for samples weighing less than 240 g, the larger the error of the in situ measurements of desorbed gas, residual gas and lost gas is. The error tends to stabilize for heavier samples. The gas losses at different exposure times calculated using the commonly used Barrer model, power function method and negative exponent method were compared. The gas loss error within 0–12 min, computed with the Barrer model, and after 12 min, computed with the power function method, is minimal. The modified formula of gas loss was obtained using the combination of a fitting analysis and the relationship between gas loss and exposure time. Subsequently, the optimal procedure for in situ gas content measurements using gas desorption by drilling underground boreholes was determined. The gas content errors for anthracite, gas coal, lean coal and long flame coal, which were measured using gas desorption by drilling underground boreholes and corrected using the gas loss formula, decreased significantly to less than 10%, thus, meeting the engineering accuracy norm.
The influence of urban landscape spatial patterns on single-family housing prices
Authors: Kim Jun-Hyun , Li Wei , Newman Galen , Kil Sung-Ho , Park Sun Young
Published: August 2016

Many empirical studies assessing the economic benefits of urban green space have continually documented that green space tends to increase both value and sale price of nearby residential properties. Previous studies, however, have not fully captured the quality of neighborhood level landscape spatial patterns on housing prices. To fill this literature gap, this study examined the association between landscape spatial patterns of urban green spaces and single-family home sale transactions using a spatial regression model. The research was conducted through the analysis of 11,326 housing transaction records from 2010 to 2012 in Austin, TX, USA. Variables measuring the structural, locational and neighborhood characteristics of housing were coupled with Geographic Information Systems, remote sensing and FRAGSTATS to calculate several landscape indices measuring the quality of existing landscape spatial patterns. After controlling for any spatial autocorrelation effects, we found that that larger tree and urban forest areas surrounding single-family homes positively contributed to property values, while more fragmented, isolated and irregularly shaped landscape spatial patterns resulted in the inverse. The results of this research increase awareness of the role of urban green spaces while informing community design/planning practices about the linkages between landscape spatial structure and economic benefits.