bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of childhood developmental disorders, behavioral disorders, and depression in a post-earthquake setting
Authors: Prawira Yogi , Tumbelaka Intan , Alhadar Ali , Hendrata Erwin , Hidayat Renno , Anderson Dave , Pakasi Trevino , Endyarni Bernie , Sekartini Rini
Published: March 2017

Background Disasters, including earthquakes, may strike abruptly without warning. Children may develop psychological damage resulting from experiencing an overwhelmingly traumatic event. They may feel very frightened during a disaster and demonstrate emotional and behavioral problems afterwards.Objective To evaluate the presence of developmental disorders, behavioral disorders, and depression in children after the earthquake at Padang and Pariaman on September 30th, 2009.Methods This was a cross􀁘sectional study using the developmental pre screening questionnaire (KPSP), Pediatric Symptoms Checklist-17 (PSC-17), and Child Depression Inventory (CDI) in children after the Padang and Pariaman earthquake (September 30th, 2009), in Sungai Limau and Sungai Geringging District, Pariaman Region, West Sumatera. Our study was conducted October 15th to November 28th, 2009.Results There were 172 children screened using the KPSP. Forty-two (25%) children scored 7􀁘8 (reason for concern), 18 (10%) children scored <7 (suspected to have a developmental disorder), and the remainder scored as developmentally appropriate. Behavioral disorder screening was perfonned in 339 children using the PSC􀁘 17. Internalizing disorder alone was suspected in 58 (17%) children, externalizing disorder alone in 26 (7.7%), and attention􀁘defidt disorder alone in 5 (1.5%). Eight (2.4%) children were suspected to have both internalizing and attention􀁘defidt disorders, 4 (1.2%) children externalizing and attention􀁘defidt disorders, 22 (6.5%) children internalizing and externalizing disorders, and 15 (4.4%) children all three disorders. From 4 9 children who underwent depression screening using CDI, 15(30.6%) children were suspected to have depression. Conclusion After the Padang and Pariaman earthquake, we found 10% of subjects screened were suspected of having a developmental disorder. The most connnonbehavioral disorder found was internalizing disorder. Possible depression was found in 30.6% of children surveyed. Traumatized children are at risk for developing post traumatic stress disorder. 2011;5' :133-7].
Epidemiology of Rotavirus diarrhea in children under five: A hospital-based surveillance in Jakarta
Authors: Kadim Muzal , Soenarto Yati , Hegar Badriul , Firmansyah Agus
Published: March 2017

Background Rotavirus is still a major cause of acute diarrhea in children around the world, both in developed and developingcountries. WHO Surveillance from 2001 to 2008 showed that in children under five years of age treated for acute diarrhea, on average 40% of cases were caused by rotavirus. A previous study in Indonesia showed that the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea in children ranged from 20%􀁑60% of diarrhea cases. However, there have been few studies identifying the genotypes of rotavirus strains in Indonesia. This infonnation is indispensable for manufacturing vaccines.Objective To examine the epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea, including genotypes and clinical characteristics, in children under five years who were hospitalized in Jakarta.Methods This study was a prospective surveillance conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta from January to December 2007 investigating hospitalized children under five years of age who suffered from acute diarrhea.Results Ninety􀁑nine patients joined the study. The incidence of rotavirus infection in this study was 67%. The youngest was 2months of age and the oldest 54 months of age, Mth an average age of 13.6 months. As much as 92% of rota virus diarrhea was found in subjects aged 3􀁑23 months, Mth a peak age of 12􀁑23 months. Nutritional status, degree of dehydration, bloating, fever, blood in stool, and mucus in the feces were not significantly different between rotavirus and non􀁑rotavirus diarrhea. Vomiting tended to be more frequently experienced by children Mth rotavirus diarrhea than those with non􀁑rotavirus (88% vs. 67%). There was no clear, seasonal pattern for rotavirus diarrhea. Most G genotypes in this study were G1 (35%), G9 (12.5%), G2 (7.5%) and the majority of P genotypes were P6 (52.5%), P8 (17.5%) and P4 (10%).Conclusions The incidence of rotavirus diarrhea in hospitalized children under five years of age in Jakarta was 67%, with apredominance ofG1, G9 and G2 genotypes.
Effectiveness of phototherapy with reflecting curtains on neonatal jaundice
Authors: Kurniasih Ari , Tjipta Guslihan Dasa , Ali Muhammad , Azlin Emil , Sianturi Pertin
Published: March 2017

Background Although phototherapy has been used in clinical practice for 40 years, there is still much debate on how to provide the most efficacious phototherapy. Phototherapy with white reflecting curtains may increase the average spectral irradiance provided, as well as decrease serum bilirubin concentrations at a faster rate in neonates with jaundice.Objective To determine if adding low cost, white, reflecting curtains to a standard phototherapy unit can increase the effectiveness of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice.Methods A randomized, controlled, open trial was conducted at H. Adam Malik and Pirngadi Hospitals, Medan, from May to December 2009. The criteria for inclusion in the study were full term newborns with neonatal jaundice presenting in their first week of life. Single phototherapy with white curtains hanging from the sides of the phototherapy unit (study group, n=30) was compared to single phototherapy without curtains (control group, n=30). The primary outcomes measured were the mean difference in total serum bilirubin levels and average spectral irradiation levels measured at baseline, and after 12 hours and 24 hours of phototherapy.Results The sum of average spectral irradiance in the curtained phototherapy unit was significantly higher than that of the standard phototherapy unit without curtains (P < 0.05). The decrease of total serum bilirubin levels after 12 and 24 hours of phototherapy was significantly greater in the study group (3.71 and 9.7 mg/dl, respectively) than in the control group (0.1 and 3.8 mg/dl, respectively), both P <0.05.Conclusion White, reflecting curtains in phototherapy units was significantly more effective than phototherapy without curtains for treatment of neonatal jaundice. [Paediatr Indones. 2011;51:256-61].
Comparison of oral and intravenous cyclophosphamide in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Hidayati Eka Laksmi , Pardede Sudung O. , Trihono Partini P.
Published: March 2017

Background There are variations in remission rates following treatment of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) with cyclophosphamide.Objective To compare the efficacy of oral versus intravenous cyclophosphamide (CPA) in the management of pediatric SRNS.Methods This was a prospective study of 41 children with SRNS treated with CPA. One group received oral CPA at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight/day for 8-12 weeks, while the other group received intravenous CPA at a dose of 500mg/m2 body surface area (BSA) monthly for 6 months. All patients were concomitantly treated with prednisone on alternate days. The primary outcome was the number of patients attaining remission.Results The study was comprised of 20 children receiving oral CPA and 21 children receiving intravenous CPA. There were 29 boys and 12 girls. The mean age of children at the onset of nephrotic syndrome (NS) was 47 ± 40 months old (range 12 months – 13 years), and the mean duration of NS before initiation of CPA therapy was 15 ± 28 months (range 1 – 129 months). Remission was achieved in 29 (70.7%) patients, with no difference between oral and intravenous route of CPA administration. The mean time to achieve remission was 22.7 weeks (about 5 months). The oral route group required less time in achieving remission than the intravenous route group. No association was found between remission and other factors, such as onset of steroid resistance, route of CPA, hypertension and hematuria. Side-effects included infection, anemia, nausea/vomiting, and alopecia. None of the patients required discontinuation of the medication.Conclusion Oral CPA was as effective as intravenous CPA for children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. [Paediatr Indones. 2011;51:266-71].
Outcomes of tuberculous meningitis in children: a case review study
Authors: Dimyati Yazid , Tjandradjani Anna , Mangunatmadja Irawan , Widodo Dwi Putro , Pusponegoro Hardiono D.
Published: March 2017

Background Tuberculous meningitis is a severe extrapulmonary complication of tuberculosis, with high morbidity and mortality rates.Objective To assess the relationship between presenting clinical characteristics and outcomes of pediatric tuberculous meningitis.Methods We present a case review study of all children diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta between January 1998 and December 2004. We compared demographic, clinical, and diagnostic characteristics to clinical outcomes.Results We included 43 patients. Common characteristics on admission were young age (mean 3.2 years), stage II and III tuberculous meningitis (91%), and neurological symptoms existing for more than 1 week, including convulsions (52%), unconsciousness (23%), meningeal irritation (56%), and cranial nerve palsy (67%). A common feature of tuberculous meningitis on computed tomography scan of the brain was hydrocephalus in 19/24 cases. Clinical outcomes were neurological sequelae (88%) and death (12%). Factors associated with poor outcome in univariate analyses were young age, as well as stage II and III tuberculous meningitis.Conclusions Tuberculous meningitis starts with nonspecific symptoms and is often only diagnosed when brain damage has already occurred. Outcome is directly associated with age and the stage of tuberculous meningitis. Earlier diagnosis may significantly improve outcomes. [Paediatr Indones. 2011;51:288-93].
Qualitative evaluation of antibiotic usage in pediatric patients
Authors: Satari Hindra Irawan , Firmansyah Agus , Theresia Theresia
Published: March 2017

Background Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drug for pediatric patients. Inappropriate use of antibiotics can increase morbidity, mortality, patient cost and bacterial antibiotic resistence. Antibiotic uses can be evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively.Objective To qualitatively evaluate antibiotic use in patients using Gyssens algorithm.Methods We performed a descriptive, retrospective study of matient medical records of those admitted to the pediatric ward from January 1 – June 30, 2009. Records were screened for patient antibiotic use, followed by qualitative evaluation using Gyssens algorithm on data from patient who received antibiotic treatment.Results We found 49.2% of subject were prescribed antibiotics. The majority of patients given antibiotics were aged 1 month - 1 year (39.3%). Antibiotic use was categorized by therapy type : empirical, prophylactic, or definitive. We found empirical therapy in 73% of cases, prophylactic in 8%, and definitive in 15%. Cefotaxime was the most common antibiotic used (25.1%), followed by ceftazidime (14%) and cotrimoxazole (1%). 39.6% of subjects were given antibiotics appropriately, while 48.3% were given inappropriately. In 3.3% of patients, antibiotics were given without indication and in 8.8% there was insufficient data.Conclusions Of hospitalized patients receiving antibiotic treatment at the Departement of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, 39.6% were given antibiotic appropriately, while 48.3% were given antibiotics inappropriately. Cefotaxime was the most commonly used, as well as most inappropriately given antibiotic.
Limitations of the Indonesian Pediatric Tuberculosis Scoring System in the context of child contact investigation
Authors: Triasih Rina , Graham Stephen M.
Published: March 2017

tuberculosis (TB) was developed to address the problem of overdiagnosis. The implementation of this scoring system in children who have household TB contacts has not been evaluated.Objective To evaluate the performance of the Indonesian pediatric tuberculosis scoring system in the context of contact investigation.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Yogyakarta municipality, between August 2010 and March 2011. Subjects were children under the age of 15 years, living in the same house with an adult who had pulmonary TB. Subjects underwent history taking, physical examinations, tuberculin skin tests (TST) and chest X-rays. Sputum smear was performed in symptomatic children. We compared outcomes of the Indonesian pediatric TB scoring system to that of rigorous clinical assessment.Results A total of 146 eligible children of 82 source cases were recruited into the study. Sixty-eight (47%) children had positive TST tuberculin skin tests. Using the scoring system, 47% of the subjects were diagnosed to have TB disease, while only 10% were diagnosed with TB using rigorous clinical assessment. With rigorous clinical assessment, 40% of the subjects were diagnosed as having latent TB infection (LTBI), while none of the subjects were diagnosed as LTBI using the scoring system.Conclusion The use of the Indonesian pediatric TB scoring system in children with household TB contact may lead to overdiagnosis of TB disease.
Les enjeux actuels des études de population : Une analyse des thèses de doctorat soutenues en France
Authors: De Loenzien Myriam , Duthé Géraldine , Kabbanji Lama , Andro Armelle , Diguet Dominique , Sluse Catherine , Arnoux Delphine
Published: March 2017

Résumé

Cet article vise à explorer le champ des études de population en France à travers le contenu des thèses de doctorat soutenues dans ce pays au cours de la dernière décennie (2000-2012). Nous utilisons pour cela une base de données regroupant 943 thèses. Les analyses menées sont issues de modèles multivariés et de métho­des de statistique textuelle. Les résultats montrent la présence majoritaire de thè­ses réalisées en référence principalement à la sociologie et dans une moindre mesure à la démographie. La migration constitue la thématique la plus fréquemment traitée. Elle est principalement abordée en lien avec la culture, l’identité, la religion, les minorités, de façon qualitative, ou avec les notions d’environnement, de territoire, de logement. Les études sur la mortalité et la santé ou sur la dynamique de population adoptent généralement une démarche plus quantitative et de modélisation tandis que celles portant sur la fécondité, la famille, la sexualité et la nuptialité occupent une position intermédiaire, proche des études de genre. La scolarisation et l’enseignement sont quant à eux traités en lien avec différentes thématiques, sans prépondérance de l’une d’entre elles. Cette première exploration de la base des thèses apporte ainsi des éléments déterminants pour mieux comprendre le contour des études de population ainsi que la manière dont les disciplines se complètent en leur sein. À plus long terme, elle devrait être étendue à une période plus longue et pourrait servir au développement d’une base de données internatio­nale sur les thèses de doctorat en études de population.

Abstract

This article aims at exploring the field of population studies in France through the lens of doctoral theses defended in this country during the last decade (2000-2012). We rely on the analysis of a database of 943 doctoral theses. Analyses performed include multivariate modeling and textual analysis. Results show that the theses refer mainly to sociology and to a lower extent to demography. Migration is the most frequently researched topic. It is mainly associated either with culture, identity, religion, minorities using qualitative approaches or oriented towards the notions of environment, housing and territory. In contrast, studies on mortality and health or population dynamics tend to involve more quantitative approach and modeling whereas fertility, family, nuptiality and sexuality are often analyzed in conjunction with gender relations, in an intermediate position. Teaching and schooling are equally linked with many topics. This first exploration of the theses database provides insights into population studies boundaries as well as the way disciplines complement each other in this field. In the long term, it could be extended to a longer period and set the basis for the development of a comparative international database of doctoral theses in population studies.
Voluntary, involuntary and temporary childlessness in the United States
Authors: Poston Dudley L. , Cruz Cristina E.
Published: March 2017

Résumé

Cet article étudie la prévalence, les profils ainsi que les modèles d’infécondité aux Etats-Unis. Après une revue de littérature, nous analysons les taux d’infécondité parmi les populations de femmes blanches, noires et hispaniques. Nous en examinons les tendances sur un siècle, de 1910 à 2010. Par la suite, nous utilisons les données du National Survey for Family Growth de 2006-2010 pour déterminer la part d’infécondité volontaire, involontaire et temporaire parmi ces trois groupes de femmes. Une fois cette catégorisation effectuée, nous estimons un modèle de régression logistique multinomial afin de prédire, pour chaque femme, la probabilité d’appartenir à un groupe infécond plutôt qu’à un autre ou encore au groupe des femmes fécondes. Pour conclure, nous discutons certaines implications de nos analyses et prédisons les niveaux et tendances futurs de l’infécondité.

Abstract

This article focuses on the prevalence, patterns and models of childlessness in the United States. We first review the childlessness literature. We then analyze childlessness rates among White, Black and Hispanic women. We examine childlessness trends for the 100-year period from 1910 to 2010 for the above three groups. Next we use data from the 2006-10 National Survey of Family Growth to examine the degree of voluntary, involuntary, and temporary childlessness among these groups of women. Having categorized the childless women according to their type of childlessness, we then estimate multinomial logistic regression equations predicting the likelihood of a woman being in each of the childlessness groups, versus being in the group of women having children. We conclude by drawing out some of the implications of our analyses and suggest the future prevalence and trends in childlessness.
Investigation of the relationship between high school students’ academic procrastination behaviors and their use of social media
Lise öğrencilerinin akademik erteleme davranışları ve sosyal medya kullanımları arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi
Authors: Gürültü Ercan , Deniz Levent
Published: March 2017

The main aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between high school students’ academic procrastination and their use of social media. The sample of this study consisted of 473 students From 6 different schools of Eyüp district in İstanbul in 2014-2015 academic year. To indentify students’ academic procrastination behaviors, ‘Academic Procrastination Scale’, developed by Çakıcı (2003), was applied. A twelve item questionnare, which was developed by researchers, was used in order to determine students ‘personal information and their use of social media. The results show that high school students’ academic procrastination behavior levels are upper medium and they use social media very often. Male students show more academic procrastination behaviors in terms of gender and Anatolian high school students present more academic procrastination behaviors in terms of school type. It is also concluded that high school students academic procrastination and use of socail media differs in terms of clasroom level, the use of socail media, frequency of occurrence, avarage time for daily use etc. In conclusion, high school students who use social media for a longer time and more often show higher level of academic procrastination behaviors. ÖzetBu araştırmanın genel amacı lise öğrencilerinin akademik erteleme davranışları ve sosyal medya kullanımları arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesidir.Araştırmanın örneklemini 2014-2015 eğitim-öğretim yılında İstanbul ili Eyüp ilçesindeki 6 farklı okulda öğrenim gören 473 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Öğrencilerin akademik erteleme davranışlarını belirlemek için Çakıcı (2003) tarafından geliştirilen “Akademik Erteleme Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin demografik bilgilerini ve sosyal medya kullanım durumlarını saptamak için ise araştırmacılar tarafından düzenlenen 12 sorudan oluşan bir anket kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada genel olarak lise öğrencilerinin akademik erteleme davranışı seviyelerinin orta seviyenin üzerinde olduğu ve sosyal medyayı yoğun olarak kullandığı verilerine ulaşılmıştır. Cinsiyet açısından yapılan karşılaştırmalarda erkek öğrencilerin, okul türü açısından yapılan karşılaştırmalarda ise Anadolu Lisesi’nde okuyan öğrencilerin daha fazla akademik erteleme davranışı gösterdiği bulgularına ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca lise öğrencilerinin akademik erteleme davranışları ve sosyal medya kullanımlarının sınıf seviyesi, sosyal medya kullanım yılı, kullanım sıklığı, günlük ortalama kullanım süresi gibi değişkenler açısından farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar genel olarak, sosyal medyayı daha uzun süredir ve daha sık kullanan öğrencilerin akademik erteleme davranışlarının daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir.
ANALISIS PENGARUH MANAJEMEN MODAL KERJA TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SEKTOR INDUSTRI DASAR DAN KIMIA GO PUBLIC PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI) PERIODE TAHUN 2011 - 2014
Authors: Indradewi Citra , Widyarti Endang Tri
Published: March 2017

This research aims to analyze the effect of working capital management on profitability ofbasic industry and chemicals that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) within 2011-2014. Indicator of working capital management used in this research are cash conversioncycle (CCC), receivable conversion period (RCP), inventory conversion period (ICP),payable deferral period (PDP), and current ratio (CR). On the other hand, indicator ofprofitability used in this research is net profit margin (NPM).The sample data used in this research took from financial statement that have beenaudited and published in IDX. According to sampling technique used in this research,which is purposive sampling, there’re 25 companies that fit to certain criteria. Method ofdata analysis used in this research is Multiple Regression Analysis, which previouslyperformed classical assumption test. Hypothesis test is using F-statistic test, t-statistictest, and determination of coefficients with significance level of 5%.The result of this research indicates independent variables simultaneously (F-statistictest) effect on profitability (NPM) with significance level 0,000. On the other hand,partially (t-statistic test) indicates CCC has negative and significant effect onprofitability, PDP and CR have positive and significant effect on profitability.Meanwhile, RCP and ICP has positive and not significant effect on profitability. Adjusted’s score is 0,454 which means that the ability of independent variables can explainprofitability with 45,4%, while the rest is explain by other factors.
Taking Harmony Into Account
Authors: Arthur Claire
Published: March 2017

Probabilistic models have proved remarkably successful in modeling melodic organization (e.g., Huron, 2006a; Pearce, 2005; Temperley, 2008). However, the majority of these models rely on pitch information taken from melody alone. Given the prevalence of homophonic music in Western culture, however, surprisingly little attention has been directed at exploring the predictive power of harmonic accompaniment in models of melodic organization. The research presented here uses a combination of the three main approaches to empirical musicology—exploratory analysis, modeling, and hypothesis testing—to investigate the influence of harmony on melodic behavior. In this study a comparison is made between models that use only melodic information and models that consider the melodic information along with the underlying harmonic accompaniment to predict melodic continuations. A test of overall performance shows a significant improvement using a melodic-harmonic model. When individual scale degrees are examined, the major diatonic scale degrees are shown to have unique probability distributions for each of their most common harmonic settings. That is, the results suggest a robust effect of harmony on melodic organization. Perceptual implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Perception and Evaluation of Timing Patterns in Drum Ensemble Music from Mali
Authors: Neuhoff Hans , Polak Rainer , Fischinger Timo
Published: March 2017

Polak’s (2010) chronometric analyses of Malian jembe music suggested that the characteristic “feel” of individual pieces rests upon nonisochronous subdivisions of the beat. Each feel is marked by a specific pattern of two or three different subdivisional pulses—these being either short, medium, or long. London (2010) called the possibility of more than two different pulse classes into question on psychological and theoretical grounds. To shed light on this issue, 23 professional Malian percussionists and dancers were presented with timing-manipulated phrases from a piece of Malian drumming music called “Manjanin.” In a pairwise comparison experiment, participants were asked: (1) if the items of each pair were same or different, and (2) if different, which of the two was the better example of the characteristic rhythm of Manjanin. While most contrastive pairs were well distinguished and produced clear preference ratings, participants were unable to distinguish short-medium-long patterns from short-long-long patterns, and both were preferred to all other manipulations. This supports London’s claim that, perceptually, there are only two pulse classes. We discuss further implications of these findings for music theory, involving beat subdivision, tempo effects, microtiming, and expressive variation, as well as methodological issues.
Rhythmic Variability in Language and Music of Latino and Latino-Inspired Composers
Authors: Hanson Josef
Published: March 2017

Recently, researchers have investigated the influence of composers’ native speech prosody on the variability of rhythmic patterns found in their music. The normalized pairwise variability index (nPVI) provides a relative criterion for comparing the contrastiveness of successive durations in language and music. This study extends prior research by assessing rhythmic relationships in Latino-inspired and traditional Western art music written by six composers whose native languages are either stress-timed (Copland, Glinka, Liszt) or syllable-timed (Ponce, Villa-Lobos, Albéniz). After analysis of 529 musical themes representing 52 works, results suggest that Latino and Western prosodic associations transcend the vernacular. With the exception of Glinka, non-Latino composers typically used more contrastive rhythmic patterns in their standard repertoire and drastically decreased rhythmic contrastiveness in their evocative Latino music. Similarly, Latino composers employed greater rhythmic contrast in their Western-styled works and less contrast in their vernacular Latino music. This empirical evidence indicates that, consciously or subconsciously, composers may alter the rhythmic variability of their “exotic” music to conform to the prosody of a corresponding nonnative language.
De novo disruption of promoter and exon 1 of STAR gene reveals essential role for gonadal development
Authors: Piya Anil , Kaur Jasmeet , Rice Alan M , Bose Himangshu S
Published: March 2017

Cholesterol transport into the mitochondria is required for synthesis of the first steroid, pregnenolone. Cholesterol is transported by the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), which acts at the outer mitochondrial membrane prior to its import. Mutations in the STAR protein result in lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Although the STAR protein consists of seven exons, biochemical analysis in nonsteroidogenic COS-1 cells showed that the first two were not essential for pregnenolone synthesis. Here, we present a patient with ambiguous genitalia, salt-lossing crisis within two weeks after birth and low cortisol levels. Sequence analysis of the STAR, including the exon–intron boundaries, showed the complete deletion of exon 1 as well as more than 50 nucleotides upstream of STAR promoter. Mitochondrial protein import with the translated protein through synthesis cassette of the mutant STAR lacking exon 1 showed protein translation, but it is less likely to have synthesized without a promoter in our patient. Thus, a full-length STAR gene is necessary for physiological mitochondrial cholesterol transport in vivo.

Learning points:

STAR exon 1 deletion caused lipoid CAH.

Exon 1 substitution does not affect biochemical activity.

StAR promoter is responsible for gonadal development.
Longitudinal Predictors of Synthetic Cannabinoid Use in Adolescents
Authors: Ninnemann Andrew L. , Jeong Choi Hye , Stuart Gregory L. , Temple Jeff R.
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND:

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are a large, heterogeneous group of chemicals that are structurally similar to δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Many SCs are high-efficacy full agonists of the CB1 and/or CB2 cannabinoid receptors, resulting in a potent group of chemicals with a variety of negative health effects, including death. SCs are available to adolescents at convenience stores and smoke shops and on the Internet. However, little is known about the risk factors that contribute to eventual use of SCs in adolescents, and no research has examined the psychiatric, personality, and substance-use risk factors that prospectively predict SC use. On the basis of extant cross-sectional research, we hypothesized that anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and marijuana use would prospectively predict eventual SC use.

METHODS:

Data were collected across 2 time points 12 months apart on adolescents attending multiple public high schools in southeast Texas (n = 964).

RESULTS:

Path analysis indicated that depressive symptoms, marijuana use, alcohol use, and SC use at baseline were predictive of SC use at 1-year follow-up, whereas anxiety symptoms and impulsivity were not. In addition, SC use at baseline was not predictive of marijuana use at the 1-year follow-up. Females and African Americans were less likely to use SCs than males or those of other ethnicities.

CONCLUSIONS:

SC-use prevention programming should consider depressive symptoms, marijuana use, and alcohol use as risk factors for SC use. Of particular significance, traditional marijuana use was predictive of subsequent SC use, but SC use was not predictive of later marijuana use.
Detention of Immigrant Children
Authors: Linton Julie M. , Griffin Marsha , Shapiro Alan J. ,   COUNCIL ON COMMUNITY PEDIATRICS, Chilton Lance A. , Flanagan Patricia J. , Dilley Kimberley J. , Duffee James H. , Green Andrea E. , Gutierrez J. Raul , Keane Virginia A. , Krugman Scott D. , McKelvey Carla D. , Nelson Jacqueline L.
Published: March 2017

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed November 2022.

Immigrant children seeking safe haven in the United States, whether arriving unaccompanied or in family units, face a complicated evaluation and legal process from the point of arrival through permanent resettlement in communities. The conditions in which children are detained and the support services that are available to them are of great concern to pediatricians and other advocates for children. In accordance with internationally accepted rights of the child, immigrant and refugee children should be treated with dignity and respect and should not be exposed to conditions that may harm or traumatize them. The Department of Homeland Security facilities do not meet the basic standards for the care of children in residential settings. The recommendations in this statement call for limited exposure of any child to current Department of Homeland Security facilities (ie, Customs and Border Protection and Immigration and Customs Enforcement facilities) and for longitudinal evaluation of the health consequences of detention of immigrant children in the United States. From the moment children are in the custody of the United States, they deserve health care that meets guideline-based standards, treatment that mitigates harm or traumatization, and services that support their health and well-being. This policy statement also provides specific recommendations regarding postrelease services once a child is released into communities across the country, including a coordinated system that facilitates access to a medical home and consistent access to education, child care, interpretation services, and legal services.
Effect of Light Quality and Microbiological Inoculum on Geranium (Pelargonium zonale L.) Gas Exchange Parameters
Authors: SCHROETER-ZAKRZEWSKA Anita Barbara , BOROWIAK Klaudia , WOLNA-MARUWKA Agnieszka
Published: March 2017

Geranium plants were cultivated in a growth chamber with different light quality and microorganism inoculation conditions. The long-term effect of irradiance quality (LED and fluorescent) as well as two types of microorganism treatments on photosynthetic activity parameters was examined. The maximum reached values of net photosynthesis rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were afterwards measured in plants cultivated under six colours of light – white, white-blue, blue, red, red-blue and green – emitted by two types of lamp: LED and fluorescent. Two types of microorganism treatments were used: BAF1 created in the Department of General and Environmental Microbiology and the commonly used Effective Microorganisms (EM) biopreparation. A highest level of PN were found in plants after cultivation under white-blue light (both – fluorescent and LED) and treated by BAF1. The positive effect of EM was only noted in the case of plants cultivated under blue-red fluorescent light. Considering plants without microbial inoculation the highest levels were recorded in plants under red and blue light. The comparison of the effect of light quality revealed that in all colours a higher or similar level of net photosynthetic rate was noted in plants under LEDs. Mostly the higher photosynthetic activity was connected with higher stomatal opening as well as with higher transpiration rate, which is especially true for plants cultivated under red and blue LED light.
Biochemical Responses of Two Species of Eucalyptus Exposed to Aluminium Toxicity: Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Metabolism
Authors: BARROS JUNIOR Udson Oliveira , LIMA Michael Douglas Roque , BARBOSA Maria Antonia Machado , BATISTA Bruno Lemos , LOBATO Allan Klynger da Silva
Published: March 2017

In response to oxidative damage resulting from overproduction of reactive oxygen species, plants have developed complex and efficient antioxidant machinery. The aims of this research were to measure composts used as stress indicators, quantifying non-enzymatic compounds and activities of antioxidant enzymes, and to explain probable differences between two species of the gender Eucalyptus exposed to low and high aluminium. The experiment employed a factorial that was entirely randomised, with two species (Eucalyptus platyphylla and E. grandis) combined with aluminium concentrations (and 0.08 and 1.60 mM Al, which are described as low and high Al, respectively). This study revealed that the E. platyphylla presented intense modifications on malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage in leaf and root, being also detected increases to oxidized glutathione, reduced glutathione and total glutathione. In addition, E. platyphylla had strong accumulations linked to superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, while E. grandis were detected minor alterations to both tissues. In relation to superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase were showed similar behaviours, with higher activities in E. grandis, if compared to E. platyphylla. Therefore, is possible to conclude that E. grandis is more tolerant to aluminium due to minor production of reactive oxygen species and decreased alterations on stress indicators. Concomitantly, the antioxidant enzymes effectively contribute to reduce the oxidative stress generated in root and leaf of E. grandis exposed to high aluminium.
Quality Parameters and Antioxidant Activity of Three Clover Species in Relation to the Livestock Diet
Authors: PETROVIĆ Mirjana P. , STANKOVIĆ Milan S. , ANĐELKOVIĆ Bojan S. , BABIĆ Snežana Ž , ZORNIĆ Vladimir G. , VASILJEVIĆ Sanja Lj. , DAJIĆ-STEVANOVIĆ Zora P.
Published: March 2017

Products of metabolism that are directly involved in growth, development and reproduction and also secondary products of metabolism were studied in 16 natural populations of three species of the genus Trifolium (T. repens – four populations, T. alpestre – three populations, T. pannonicum – nine populations), collected from the central Balkans region, i.e. territory of Serbia. Statistical analysis showed the presence of variability in all species of the test material. The best quality of dry matter, estimated by the ratio of crude protein and crude fiber, was achieved in the populations of white clover. In this species, average protein content was 216.4 g kg-1 while the average content of crude fiber was 222.4 g kg-1. The highest average content of total phenols (77.9 mg GA g-1), flavonoids (159.7 mg Ru g-1) and antioxidant activity (70.2 μg ml-1) was measured in populations of T. pannonicum by phytochemical analysis of aerial parts of plants. The content of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in other species were extremely low. Populations of T. pannonicum were notable for fodder quality and antioxidant activity: CS091 with 186.2 g kg-1 of crude protein and antioxidant activity of 55 μg ml-1; RA123 with 175.6 g kg-1 of crude protein and a high level of antioxidant activity of 44.8 μg ml-1. It can be concluded that the selection of these populations may lead to creation of different varieties of fodder crops that could give safe animal feed and would be suitable for growing under adverse conditions of mountainous climate.
Height Extraction and Stand Volume Estimation Based on Fusion Airborne LiDAR Data and Terrestrial Measurements for a Norway Spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] Test Site in Romania
Authors: APOSTOL Bogdan , LORENT Adrian , PETRILA Marius , GANCZ Vladimir , BADEA Ovidiu
Published: March 2017

The objective of this study was to analyze the efficiency of individual tree identification and stand volume estimation from LiDAR data. The study was located in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] stands in southwestern Romania and linked airborne laser scanning (ALS) with terrestrial measurements through empirical modelling. The proposed method uses the Canopy Maxima algorithm for individual tree detection together with biometric field measurements and individual trees positioning. Field data was collected using Field-Map real-time GIS-laser equipment, a high-accuracy GNSS receiver and a Vertex IV ultrasound inclinometer. ALS data were collected using a Riegl LMS-Q560 instrument and processed using LP360 and Fusion software to extract digital terrain, surface and canopy height models. For the estimation of tree heights, number of trees and tree crown widths from the ALS data, the Canopy Maxima algorithm was used together with local regression equations relating field-measured tree heights and crown widths at each plot. When compared to LiDAR detected trees, about 40-61% of the field-measured trees were correctly identified. Such trees represented, in general, predominant, dominant and co-dominant trees from the upper canopy. However, it should be noted that the volume of the correctly identified trees represented 60-78% of the total plot volume. The estimation of stand volume using the LiDAR data was achieved by empirical modelling, taking into account the individual tree heights (as identified from the ALS data) and the corresponding ground reference stem volume. The root mean square error (RMSE) between the individual tree heights measured in the field and the corresponding heights identified in the ALS data was 1.7-2.2 meters. Comparing the ground reference estimated stem volume (at trees level) with the corresponding ALS estimated tree stem volume, an RMSE of 0.5-0.7 m3 was achieved. The RMSE was slightly lower when comparing the ground reference stem volume at plot level with the ALS-estimated one, taking into account both the identified and unidentified trees in the LiDAR data (0.4-0.6 m3).
The Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of a CYP71 Gene in  Ginkgo biloba L.
Authors: LIU Xinliang , CAO Fuliang , CAI Jinfeng , WANG Huanli
Published: March 2017

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are a group of redox proteins that catalyze various oxidative reactions in plant secondary metabolism. To explore the function of the CYP71 gene in Ginkgo biloba under biotic and abiotic stresses, a full-length CYP gene, designated GbCYP71, was first isolated and characterized from leaves of G. biloba. It contained a 1512-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 503 amino-acid-deduced polypeptide whose theoretical molecular weight was 56.9 kDa. The genomic DNA sequence of GbCYP71 contained two exons and one intron. The cDNA of GbCYP71 was subcloned in a pET-32a vector and then transformed into E. coli strain BL21 (DE3). A protein with a molecular weight of 76.4 kDa was subsequently identified and found to be consistent with the above theoretical value. Transient expression analysis revealed that the GbCYP71 protein may be located in the G. biloba cell cytoplasm. GbCYP71 was expressed in almost all ginkgo tissues, including leaves, stamens, gynoecia, stems and, preferentially, roots. Expression-profiling analyses revealed that GbCYP71 can be induced by salinity stress and phytohormone signals, including salicylic acid, abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate and ethephon, but is repressed by heat and cold stresses. These results indicate that GbCYP71 mainly functions in responding to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Effect of Supplemental Irrigation on Lentil Yield and Growth in Semi-Arid Environment
Authors: KAHRAMAN Abdullah , KHAN Mohd. Kamran , PANDEY Anamika , DOGAN Ergun
Published: March 2017

Lentil is one of the most promising legume crops providing nutritional and food assurance to human beings. Due to extensive production of lentil crop in rain-fed agriculture system, its growth and yield are mainly determined by the levels of precipitation. Consequently, it usually faces drought stress during the generative stage resulting in low yield. In such scenario, controlled supplemental irrigation (SI) can improve and stabilize the productivity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of supplemental irrigation on the growth and yield of lentil crop under semi-arid climate conditions of Turkey. An experiment was performed during two consecutive crop seasons at Sanliurfa, Turkey with annual mean rainfall of 196 and 275 mm in the first and second experimental year, respectively. Six supplementary irrigation treatments were given using drip irrigation system [no supplement irrigation (I0), 25% (I25), 50% (I50), 75% (I75), 100% (I100, full irrigation) and 125% (I125) supplement irrigation depending on the available soil water content]. Results obtained in the study indicated that in both study years, highest biomass, harvest index and grain yield values were obtained from fully irrigated treatments (I100), while non-supplementary irrigated treatments have provided lowest values. It should be clearly noticed that growth parameters including yield were lower under over-irrigation treatment (I125). Hence, it is recommended that farmers need to optimize the supplemental irrigation technique to obtain desired yields. This study will support the successful usage of the supplemental irrigation technology to improve lentil productivity, particularly under semi-arid environment.
Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Tool to Assess the Regeneration Potential of African Violet Leaf Explants
Authors: KEUTGEN Norbert , FIGAS Anna , TOMASZEWSKA-SOWA Magdalena , RAUNEST Katarzyna , KEUTGEN Anna Jadwiga
Published: March 2017

Micropropagation of many ornamentals has enabled their efficient commercialisation and many problems have been solved by the elaboration of adequate culture protocols. Nevertheless, a non-destructive technique for monitoring the developmental progress of explants would be desirable. The present study focussed on the applicability of chlorophyll fluorescence in leaf explants of African violet (a Saintpaulia ionantha Ã— confusa â€“ hybrid) explanted onto Murashige and Skoog basic medium. The explants that survived on the medium without additional phytohormones had the capacity to develop further into two different kinds of explants: light green explants, characterized by a non-regular size growth and stiffer appearance, and dark green explants capable of organogenesis. Compared to the source leaves of African violet plants, explants were characterized by reduced chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid (Car) contents as well as a tendency towards a higher Car/Chl ratio. The Chl a/b ratio decreased significantly in the light green explants. A reduction of maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) accompanied by a high percentage (> 50%) of thermal energy dissipation as a consequence of an elevated light intensity (800 Âµmol m-2 s-1 quanta) indicated photoinhibition in the light green explants, whereas in the dark green explants the largest percentage (> 50%) of the light energy was dissipated into the fraction of photon energy trapped by â€˜closedâ€™ photosystem II reaction centres. These results suggest that the capacity of organogenesis of leaf explants of African violet can be monitored using chlorophyll fluorescence, because it is related to modifications of the photosynthetic system.
Effect of Foliar Application of Micronutrients on Plant Growth and Seed Germination of Four Okra Cultivars
Authors: MOHAMMADI Ghadir , KHAH Ebrahim M. , PETROPOULOS Spyridon Alexandros , CHACHALIS Dimosthenis B.
Published: March 2017

In the present study, the effect of foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers on okra plants was examined. Four okra cultivars (â€˜Boyiatiouâ€™, â€˜Veloudoâ€™, â€˜Clemsonâ€™ and â€˜Pylaiasâ€™) were sprayed weekly throughout the duration of the cultivation with two commercial micronutrient fertilizers (F1 and F2) [e.g. M1= control (0 ml); M2= 40 ml (20 ml of each fertilizer); M3 = 80 ml (40 ml of each fertilizer). From the results of the present study, it was observed that plant height of â€˜Boyiatiouâ€™ and â€˜Pylaiasâ€™ was increased by application of M2 whereas plant height of â€˜Clemsonâ€™ and â€˜Veloudoâ€™ was either unaffected or reduced. Flower induction increased at both micronutrient levels (M2 and M3) only in â€˜Pylaiasâ€™. Pod set was higher in treatment M3 in â€˜Veloudoâ€™ and â€˜Pylaiasâ€™ and resulted in higher seed yield.Â  Pod length and diameter were not affected by micronutrient application, as well as 100-seed mean weight and moisture content; however the number of seeds per pod in â€˜Pylaiasâ€™ was significantly lower in M2 and M3 than in M1, whereas the percent seed germination of all cultivars was higher following micronutrient application. Germination differed between the control and the micronutrient treatments at all times of harvest and plant parts. In conclusion, the main value of foliar application of micronutrients was to increase germination percentage and reduce hardseedness, especially for cv. â€˜Veloudoâ€™, since the occurrence of hard seeds in susceptible cultivars reduces germination, and therefore seed quality. In some cultivars (â€˜Pylaiasâ€™ and â€˜Veloudoâ€™ here) micronutrients may also increase seed yield by increasing pod set.