bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Analysis of Bioactive Compounds, Functional Properties, and Applications of Broccoli By-Products
Authors: Gudiño Iris , Casquete Rocío , Martín Alberto , Wu Yuanfeng , Benito María José
Published: December 2024

Broccoli by-products, traditionally considered inedible, possess a comprehensive nutritional and functional profile. These by-products are abundant in glucosinolates, particularly glucoraphanin, and sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate renowned for its potent antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. Broccoli leaves are a significant source of phenolic compounds, including kaempferol and quercetin, as well as pigments, vitamins, and essential minerals. Additionally, they contain proteins, essential amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, with the leaves exhibiting the highest protein content among the by-products. Processing techniques such as ultrasound-assisted extraction and freeze-drying are crucial for maximizing the concentration and efficacy of these bioactive compounds. Advanced analytical methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), have enabled precise characterization of these bioactives. Broccoli by-products have diverse applications in the food industry, enhancing the nutritional quality of food products and serving as natural substitutes for synthetic additives. Their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties not only contribute to health promotion but also support sustainability by reducing agricultural waste and promoting a circular economy, thereby underscoring the value of these often underutilized components.
Enhancing Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sandalwood Essential Oil Against Salmonella enterica for Food Preservation
Authors: Verešová Andrea , Terentjeva Margarita , Ban Zhaojun , Li Li , Vukic Milena , Vukovic Nenad , Kluz Maciej Ireneusz , Ben Sad Rania , Ben Hsouna Anis , Bianchi Alessandro , Kollár Ján , Elizondo-Luévano Joel Horacio , Čmiková Natália , Garzoli Stefania , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: December 2024

The growing emphasis on food safety and healthier lifestyles, driven by industrial expansion and scientific priorities, has highlighted the necessity of managing harmful microorganisms to guarantee food quality. A significant challenge in this domain is the control of pathogens that are capable of forming biofilms, entering a sessile state that enhances their resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Essential oils, renowned for their antibacterial properties, present a promising natural alternative for food preservation. In this study, we analyzed the chemical composition of Santalum album essential oil (SAEO) using GC-MS, identifying (Z)-α-santalol (57.1%) as the primary constituent. Antimicrobial activity was confirmed through disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeast from the genus Candida. Additionally, in situ experiments demonstrated that vapor-phase SAEO effectively inhibited Serratia marcescens on the food model, supporting its potential as a natural preservative. MBIC assays, crystal violet staining, and MALDI-TOF MS analysis on S. enterica biofilms were used to further evaluate the antibiofilm effects of SAEO. The crystal violet assay revealed a strong antibiofilm effect, while the MALDI-TOF MS analysis showed changes in the bacterial protein profiles on both glass and plastic surfaces. SAEO also showed significant anti-Salmonella activity on vacuum-packed carrot slices. SAEO outperformed the control samples. The insecticidal activity against Megabruchidius dorsalis was also studied in this work, and the best insecticidal activity was found at the highest concentrations. These findings indicate that SAEO could serve as a valuable component in food preservation, with notable antibacterial and antibiofilm benefits.
Study on Newly Isolated Dysmorphococcus Strains from Reunion Island as Potential Sources of High-Value Carotenoids
Authors: Jannel Samuel , Caro Yanis , Bermudes Marc , Petit Thomas
Published: December 2024

Certain secondary carotenoids, such as astaxanthin and canthaxanthin, are of growing economic interest in the fields of human nutrition, food, health and cosmetics, as well as feed and aquaculture, particularly due to their numerous biological activities, such as their remarkable antioxidant properties. The present study was devoted to assessing, in a photobioreactor, the feasibility of cultivating newly isolated Dysmorphococcus strains from the biodiversity of Reunion Island for the production of these valuable xanthophylls. The results showed that all these strains were capable of producing and accumulating canthaxanthin and astaxanthin in response to environmental stresses. Among them, a strain which presented interesting morphological, genetic and biochemical properties as compared to the other Dysmorphococcus strains was further cultivated in a 3 L benchtop photobioreactor and was found to produce maximum carotenoid-rich biomass concentrations and productivities of about 4 g L−1 dw and 0.055 g L−1 d−1 dw, respectively. We also found that the biomass contained up to 1.2 mg g−1 dw of canthaxanthin and 0.7 mg g−1 dw of different forms of astaxanthin, mainly astaxanthin monoesters. The productivity of these carotenoids was found to be lower than those observed for other microalgal species previously reported, and we suggested that further optimizations with respect to the cultivation and the carotenogenesis induction processes are needed to improve productivities and to make this locally isolated Dysmorphococcus strain useful for future commercial production of natural canthaxanthin and astaxanthin.
A Parameter Study of 1D Atmospheric Models of Pulsating AGB Stars
Authors: Prager Henry A. , Willson Lee Anne M. , Guzik Joyce A. , Creech-Eakman Michelle J. , Wang Qian
Published: December 2024

Using the atmospheric pulsation code written by George Bowen, we have performed a parameter study examining the effects of modifying various parameters of models of oxygen-rich AGB atmospheres pulsating in the fundamental and first-overtone modes. For each pulsation mode, we have examined the effects of adjusting the dust condensation temperature, dust condensation temperature range, pulsation amplitude, dust opacity, and metallicity. Our model grids are generated with the constraint that their luminosities are chosen to span the range of observed mass loss rates at a chosen mass. The dust condensation temperature, pulsation amplitude, and dust opacity have strong effects on the ultimate location and shape of the final model grids in the mass luminosity plane. The mass loss rate evolution of the fundamental and first-overtone mode models show a significant difference in behavior. While the fundamental mode models exhibit the typically assumed power–law relation with mass and luminosity, the first-overtone mode models show significant non-power law behavior at observed mass loss rates. Effectively, models in the first-overtone mode require somewhat higher luminosities to reach the same mass loss rates seen in fundamental mode models of the same mass, consistent with observed AGB stars.
3D Bioprintable Self-Healing Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel with Cysteamine Grafting for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Nagaraja Kasula , Bhattacharyya Amitava , Jung Minsik , Kim Dajeong , Khatun Mst Rita , Noh Insup
Published: December 2024

The abundance of hyaluronic acid (HA) in human tissues attracts its thorough research in tissue regenerating scaffolds and 3D bioprintable hydrogel preparation. Though methacrylation of HA can lead to photo-crosslinkable hydrogels, the catalyst has toxicity concerns, and the hydrogel is not suitable for creating stable complex 3D structures using extrusion 3D bioprinting. In this study, a dual crosslinking on methacrylated HA is introduced, using cysteamine-grafted HA and varying concentrations of 2-hydroxy ethyl acrylate. The resultant hydrogel is suitable for extrusion 3D printing (or bioprinting), mechanically robust, self-standing, stable in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 °C for more than 42 days, has high water absorption capacity with a low swelling ratio (1.5), and exhibits self-healing and adhesive properties. Complex 3D structures like ears and pyramid shapes with more than 2 cm of height are 3D printed using the optimized composition. All the synthesized hydrogels have shown nontoxicity and cell-supportiveness. Loading of cells, tetracycline, and bovine serum albumin into the hydrogel led to better bioink properties such as cell attachment, growth, and proliferation for osteoblast cells. The test results suggest that this hydrogel is biocompatible and has potential for 3D bioprinting of self-standing structures in bioink form in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Physicochemical Properties, Drug Release and In Situ Depot-Forming Behaviors of Alginate Hydrogel Containing Poorly Water-Soluble Aripiprazole
Authors: Nguyen Hy D. , Jang Munsik , Ngo Hai V. , Gil Myung-Chul , Jin Gang , Cui Jing-Hao , Cao Qing-Ri , Lee Beom-Jin
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties, drug release and in situ depot-forming behavior of alginate hydrogel containing poorly water-soluble aripiprazole (ARP) for achieving free-flowing injectability, clinically accessible gelation time and sustained drug release. The balanced ratio of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) was crucial to modulate gelation time of the alginate solution in the presence of calcium carbonate. Our results demonstrated that the sol state alginate hydrogel before gelation was free-flowing, stable and readily injectable using a small 23 G needle. In addition, the ratio (w/w) of PLP and GDL altered the gelation time, which was longer as the PLP content increased but shorter as the GDL content increased. The alginate hydrogel with a ratio of PLP to GDL of 15:9 had the optimal physicochemical properties in terms of a clinically acceptable gelation time (9.1 min), in situ-depot formation with muscle-mimicking stiffness (3.55 kPa) and sustained release over a two-week period. The alginate hydrogel, which is tunable by varying the ratio of PLP and GDL, could provide a controllable pharmaceutical preparation to meet the need for long-acting performance of antipsychotic drugs like ARP.
Zirconium–Polycarboxylato Gel Systems as Substrates to Develop Advanced Fluorescence Sensing Devices
Authors: Pascual-Colino Jon , Beobide Garikoitz , Castillo Oscar , Cepeda Javier , Lanchas Mónica , Luque Antonio , Pérez-Yáñez Sonia
Published: December 2024

This study presents the development of zirconium polycarboxylate gel systems as substrates for advanced fluorescence sensing devices. Zirconium-based metal–organic gels (MOGs) offer a promising alternative due to the robustness of the Zr–O bond, which provides enhanced chemical stability. In this work, zirconium polycarboxylate gels were synthesized using green solvents in a rapid room temperature method. Fluorescein, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, and 4,4′,4″,4‴-(porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrakisbenzoic acid were incorporated as fluorophores to give the gel luminescent properties, enabling it to be used as a sensor. These fluorophores produce specific changes in the perceived color and intensity of the fluorescence emission upon interaction with different analytes in a solution, allowing a qualitative identification of different solvents and compounds. However, the fragile structure of neat gels hinders reproducible quantitative analysis of fluorescence emission. Therefore, to increase their mechanical stability during manipulation, a composite material was developed by combining the MOGs with quartz microcrystals, which proved to be a more reliable fluorescent system. The results show that the material can identify univocally different solvents and analytes in aqueous solutions by the quantitative analysis of the emission intensities. This work presents an innovative approach to create advanced fluorescence sensors with improved mechanical properties and stability using zirconium polycarboxylate gels and multiple fluorophores.
Self-Assembled Hydrogel Based on (Bio)polyelectrolyte Complex of Chitosan–Gelatin: Effect of Composition on Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Aleksandr Kashurin , Mikhail Litvinov , Aleksandr Podshivalov
Published: December 2024

Taking into account the trends in the field of green chemistry and the desire to use natural materials in biomedical applications, (bio)polyelectrolyte complexes ((bio)PECs) based on a mixture of chitosan and gelatin seem to be relevant systems. Using the approach of self-assembly from the dispersion of the coacervate phase of a (bio)PEC at different ratios of ionized functional groups of chitosan and gelatin (z), hydrogels with increased resistance to mechanical deformations and resorption in liquid media were obtained in this work in comparison to a hydrogel from gelatin. It was found that at z ≥ 1 a four-fold increase in the elastic modulus of the hydrogel occurred in comparison to a hydrogel based on gelatin. It was shown that hydrogels at z ≈ 1 had an increased sorption capacity and water sorption rate, as well as increased resistance to the in vitro model environment of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution containing lysozyme at 37 °C. It was also shown that in PBS and simulated gastric fluid (SGF) solutions, the effect of the polyelectrolyte swelling of the hydrogels was significantly suppressed; however, at z ≥ 1, the (bio)PEC hydrogels had increased stability compared to the samples at z < 1 and based on gelatin.
Silicon-Enhanced PVA Hydrogels in Flexible Sensors: Mechanism, Applications, and Recycling
Authors: Guo Xiaolei , Zhang Hao , Wu Manman , Tian Zhan , Chen Yanru , Bao Rui , Hao Jinghao , Cheng Xiao , Zhou Chuanjian
Published: December 2024

Hydrogels, known for their outstanding water absorption, flexibility, and biocompatibility, have been widely utilized in various fields. Nevertheless, their application is still limited by their relatively low mechanical performance. This study has successfully developed a dual-network hydrogel with exceptional mechanical properties by embedding amino-functionalized polysiloxane (APSi) networks into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. This hydrogel effectively dissipates energy through dense sacrificial bonds between the networks, allowing for precise control over its tensile strength (ranging from 0.07 to 1.46 MPa) and toughness (from 0.06 to 2.17 MJ/m3) by adjusting the degree of crosslinking in the polysiloxane network. Additionally, the hydrogel exhibits excellent conductivity (10.97 S/cm) and strain sensitivity (GF = 1.43), indicating its potential for use in wearable strain sensors. Moreover, at the end of its life (EOL), the sensor waste can be repurposed as an adsorbent material for metal ions in water treatment, achieving the recycling of hydrogel materials and maximizing resource utilization.
Ionic Crosslinking of Linear Polyethyleneimine Hydrogels with Tripolyphosphate
Authors: Araque Luis M. , Infantes-Molina Antonia , Rodríguez-Castellón Enrique , Garro-Linck Yamila , Franzoni Belén , Pérez Claudio J. , Copello Guillermo J. , Lázaro-Martínez Juan M.
Published: December 2024

In this work, the mechanical properties of hydrogels based on linear polyethyleneimine (PEI) chemically crosslinked with ethyleneglycoldiglycidyl ether (EGDE) were improved by the ionic crosslinking with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). To this end, the quaternization of the nitrogen atoms present in the PEI structure was conducted to render a network with a permanent positive charge to interact with the negative charges of TPP. The co-crosslinking process was studied by 1H high-resolution magic angle spinning (1H HRMAS) NMR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in combination with organic elemental analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In addition, the mobility and confinement of water molecules within the co-crosslinked hydrogels were studied by low-field 1H NMR. The addition of small amounts of TPP, 0.03 to 0.26 mmoles of TPP per gram of material, to the PEI-EGDE hydrogel resulted in an increase in the deformation resistance from 320 to 1080%, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of the hydrogels towards various emerging contaminants remained high after the TPP crosslinking, with maximum loading capacities (qmax) of 77, 512, and 55 mg g−1 at pH = 4 for penicillin V (antibiotic), methyl orange (azo-dye) and copper(II) ions (metal ion), respectively. A significant decrease in the adsorption capacity was observed at pH = 7 or 10, with qmax of 356 or 64 and 23 or 0.8 mg g−1 for methyl orange and penicillin V, respectively.
Steam Explosion Modified κ-Carrageenan Structure and Its Jelly Application
Authors: Lin Mengfan , Yang Qingyu , Wang Changrong , Guo Zebin
Published: December 2024

Steam explosion (SE) technology enhances the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds and their physicochemical properties. This study compared the structural characteristics of κ-carrageenan extracted by SE-assisted alkali treatment and conventional alkali treatment from Eucheuma, as well as the quality attributes of the resulting jellies. The results indicate that SE treatment did not alter the species of carrageenan, but it significantly elevated the content of characteristic carrageenan groups, with the sulfate group content and 3,6-anhydrogalactose (3,6-AG) content increasing by 15.86% and 45.08%, respectively. The jellies prepared with κ-carrageenan following SE treatment demonstrated a more stable gel network structure, with an 80.9% increase in gel strength at a 1.5% κ-carrageenan concentration; the water precipitation rate of these jellies was minimized to 7.96 ± 0.69% when κ-carrageenan was added at a 1.7% concentration. These results suggest that SE treatment provides useful information for the application of κ-carrageenan in jelly.
Application of Whisker-Toughened Aerogel to Recycling of Used Polyurethane Sheets
Authors: Gu Xiaohua , Chen Jiatong , Zhu Shangwen , Zhao Qinglong , Zhang Yanxun , Su Qingyong
Published: December 2024

In this study, a new environmentally friendly and efficient method for recycling and reusing waste polyurethane sheets is proposed. SiO2 aerogel was prepared using the sol–gel method, and mullite whiskers were introduced to enhance its toughness. The whisker-toughened aerogel was used in the degradation of waste polyurethane to produce modified recycled polyol, which was subsequently used to prepare recycled polyurethane foam insulation material. Following a series of tests, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, apparent density, viscosity, heat loss, and thermal conductivity, the results showed that when the aerogel with wt% = 0.9% mullite whiskers and 0.06 g of whisker-toughened aerogel were added, the viscosity was close to that of polyether polyol 4110. The optimal compressive strength of the resulting composite blister structure reached 817.93 MPa, with a thermal conductivity of 0.0228 W·(m·K)−1, demonstrating good thermal stability. These results indicate that the whisker-toughened aerogel effectively reduces the viscosity of the degraded materials and significantly improves the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the regenerated polyurethane thermal insulation materials. This research provides new ideas and new methods for waste polyurethane recycling and offers a new perspective for the research and development of thermal insulation materials.
Effects of Physical Exercise on Emotional Intelligence from Birth to Adolescence: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Contreras-Osorio Falonn , Cerda-Vega Enrique , Campos-Jara Christian , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Pérez-Romero Nuria
Published: December 2024

Background: Emotional intelligence (EI) can be understood as a set of traits or abilities that may have an impact on academic, professional, or mental health. The aim of this protocol was to establish methodological guidelines for a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of acute and chronic physical exercise on EI from birth to 21 years (late adolescence). Methods: This protocol followed PRISMA-P guidelines and will be modified in PROSPERO after peer review. The review will include experimental randomized and non-randomized control studies involving physical exercise interventions. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO will be utilized for study selection following the publication of the protocol. The risk of bias will be assessed using the ROBINS-I tool, ROB-2, and the GRADE approach will evaluate the certainty of evidence. Random effect meta-analyses will analyse the effect of physical exercise compared with control groups, using effect sizes measures (Hedges’ g), with a 95% confidence interval and prediction interval, for each EI outcome (perception, facilitation, understanding, regulation, and management of emotions). Potential moderators, such as exercise intensity, duration, and sociocultural factors, will be analysed. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the I2 statistic, and sensitivity analyses will be performed to ensure result robustness. Subgroup analyses may be conducted based on age groups and specific EI dimensions. Conclusions: Publication bias will be assessed using Egger’s test and the trim-and-fill method. The future results aim to provide a foundation for analysing the impact of physical exercise on EI development, potentially guiding future interventions in health, educational, and related fields.
Development of a Self-Care Scale for Compound Caregivers
Authors: Iwata Yuka , Minamizaki Maya , Kanoya Yuka
Published: December 2024

Background: Japan and other nations are experiencing rising demands for care, owing to declining birth rates and aging populations. This particularly affects compound caregivers, people who provide informal care for multiple individuals. Compound caregivers face unique challenges and higher risks of physical and mental health problems. However, existing self-care scales do not cover their needs. This cross-sectional study aimed to develop and validate the Self-Care Scale for Compound Caregivers (SCSCC) to assess specific self-care practices and promote targeted support. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey of 400 compound caregivers. Reliability was assessed via item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and Cronbach’s alpha. Criterion validity was evaluated using a self-rated health scale. Results: Overall, 400 compound caregivers participated in the study. After item analysis, we excluded nine items, leaving eight for factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a single-factor structure explaining 51.5% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit after modifications (goodness of fit index = 0.964, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.932, comparative fit index = 0.980, root mean square error of approximation = 0.054). The final version of the SCSCC demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.859) and was positively correlated with self-rated health (r = 0.387, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The SCSCC is a reliable tool for assessing self-care in compound caregivers, supporting health promotion, interventions, and policies to improve their health within the community care system.
Eating Attitudes and Characteristics of Physical Activity Practitioners and Athletes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albassam Reem S. , Alahmadi Alaa K. , Alfawaz Waad A.
Published: December 2024

Background: Disordered eating among athletes and physical activity practitioners is a growing concern that can negatively impact health and performance. Understanding the prevalence and predictors of disordered eating in these populations is essential for developing effective interventions. Objective: To investigate disordered eating tendencies among athletes and physical activity practitioners in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Participants from five athletic clubs and six fitness centers were surveyed. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire that included the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (ANSKQ), and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Anthropometric data were also collected. The study comprised a sample of 263 individuals, who were divided into two groups: athletes (n = 121) and physical activity practitioners (n = 142). Results: The average age of the participants was 26.41 years with a standard deviation of 8.1 years. Females comprised nearly two thirds of the sample, representing 60.8% of the participants. Physical activity practitioners exhibited higher disordered eating scores compared to athletes. The total EAT-26 scores were significantly higher in practitioners (15.63 ± 4.12) than in athletes (13.21 ± 3.89; p < 0.001). Subscale scores for Dieting (8.95 ± 2.73 vs. 7.49 ± 2.58; p = 0.001) and Bulimia (3.32 ± 1.15 vs. 2.20 ± 1.03; p < 0.001) were also higher in practitioners. BMI was a significant predictor of higher total EAT-26 scores and its subsets, indicating a greater risk of disordered eating behaviors in individuals with higher BMI. Participants with lower levels of sports nutritional knowledge and those engaging in low-intensity physical activities were more likely to exhibit disordered eating tendencies. Conclusions: The findings highlight that physical activity practitioners are at a higher risk of disordered eating compared to athletes. Addressing BMI and improving nutritional knowledge are key strategies for preventing and managing disordered eating behaviors in physically active populations. Interventions targeting these areas may enhance health outcomes and performance among athletes and practitioners.
Relationship Between Metabolic Profile, Pain, and Functionality in Patients with Frozen Shoulder: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hamed Hamed Dina , Rodríguez-Pérez Celia , Pruimboom Leo , Navarro-Ledesma Santiago
Published: December 2024

Background: Frozen shoulder (FS), or adhesive capsulitis, is a disabling condition characterized by pain and restricted shoulder mobility. Aims: This study investigates the relationship between metabolic biomarkers—liver enzymes and thyroid function—and pain and shoulder functionality in patients with FS. Methods: A total of 32 patients (22 women and 10 men) were included in this cross-sectional study. Participants underwent clinical evaluations and blood tests to assess metabolic biomarkers, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Pain and functionality were measured using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between biomarkers, pain, and functionality. Results: Significant negative correlations were found between AST (r = −0.528, p = 0.029), ALT (r = −0.533, p = 0.027), GGT (r = −0.602, p = 0.011), and TSH (r = −0.556, p = 0.017) with total pain scores. A significant negative correlation was also observed between TSH and SPADI scores (r = −0.511, p = 0.039). Multiple regression analysis showed that GGT (β = −0.335, p = 0.008) and TSH (β = −0.298, p = 0.014) were the strongest predictors of pain. These findings suggest that metabolic biomarkers, particularly liver enzymes and thyroid function, play a significant role in the pathophysiology of frozen shoulder. The results highlight the importance of assessing these biomarkers for better understanding and managing pain and functionality in patients with FS. Conclusions: Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
The Performance of Growing-Media-Shaped Microgreens: The Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Profiles of Broccoli, Red Beet, and Black Radish
Authors: Balik Sibel , Dasgan Hayriye Yildiz , Ikiz Boran , Gruda Nazim S.
Published: December 2024

Sprouts, microgreens, and baby leaves are plant-based functional foods that have recently gained popularity for use in human diets as novel foods due to their high nutraceutical value. Microgreens, harvested shortly after germination with one true leaf, include vitamins and minerals with potential health benefits. Achieving high yields, robust growth, and maximum nutrient accumulation requires optimal cultivation, especially when selecting the appropriate growing medium. This study assessed the effectiveness of six different growing media for the cultivation of microgreens, specifically black radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. niger), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), and red beet (Beta vulgaris L.). The growing media tested included vermiculite, perlite, a peat-based medium, filter paper, cotton textile, and agril. The results revealed that vermiculite and the peat-based medium led to the highest yields. The phenolic content ranged from 110.77 mg GA·100 g−1 FW in red beet to 169.96 mg GA·100 g−1 FW in broccoli. The flavonoid content varied between 17.99 mg RU·100 g−1 FW in black radish and 120.36 mg RU·100 g−1 FW in red beet. Agril and filter paper media yielded the highest SPAD–chlorophyll values (47.34 and 44.36, respectively). The protein content peaked at 3.03 g·100 g−1 FW in black radish grown on filter paper, while the vitamin C content reached a maximum of 29.75 mg·100 g−1 FW in black radish grown in agril. The findings suggest that while the optimal conditions vary by species, the choice of growing medium plays a crucial role in determining microgreens’ quality and nutrient content.
Transcriptome and miRNA Reveal the Key Factor Regulating the Somatic Embryogenesis of Camellia oleifera
Authors: Xing Qinqin , Wang Kailiang , Yin Henfu , Yang Chaochen , Wang Minyan
Published: December 2024

The key genes involved in plant regeneration play a crucial role in enhancing reproductive capabilities, plant genetic transformation, and gene editing efficiency. Camellia oleifera, a vital woody oil crop, faces challenges in genetic improvement efficiency due to its slow growth and the difficulties it experiences during the regeneration process. This study focused on the expression levels of mRNA and miRNA during the somatic embryogenesis of C. oleifera, and the core genes of plant regeneration involved in the C. oleifera somatic embryogenesis process were identified, including WUSCHEL-related homeobox 4 (WOX4), WOX13, and DNA-Binding One Zinc Finger 5.6 (DOF5.6) during the somatic embryo callus induction phase; WOX11, PLETHORA2 (PLT2), and Growth-regulating factor (GRF) during the somatic embryogenesis and bud regeneration phase; and miRNAs such as miR156, miR319, and miR394. These key regulatory factors may participate in the regulation of plant auxin and cytokinin and play a core role in the regeneration process of C. oleifera. The research data elucidate the process of somatic embryogenesis in C. oleifera at the molecular level. The key regulatory genes identified provide potential targets for improving the regeneration efficiency of C. oleifera and other woody oilseed plants.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Pseudo-Response Regulators (PRRs) in the Tea Plant Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze
Authors: Ye Lili , Xue Huaqian , Li Nana , Ye Meng , Huang Jianyan , Wang Xinchao , Wu Juan , Ding Changqing
Published: December 2024

The circadian clock plays a vital role in facilitating plant adaptation to rhythmically changing environmental factors. Pseudo-response regulators (PRRs) are key components regulating the plant circadian clock and have been extensively characterized in model plants. However, the PRRs in the tea plant have not been comprehensively studied. In this study, seven CsPRRs were cloned from the tea plant. Domain, phylogenetic evolution, gene structure, motifs, and cis-acting element analysis revealed their sequence characters and suggested that the first subgroup members, CsPRR1a, 1b, 5a, 5b, 7, and 37, may be responsible for circadian rhythm regulation and abiotic stress responses, while the second subgroup member, CsPRR2, may be involved in development and chloroplast function regulation. Most CsPRRs showed relatively higher expression in flowers, implying their potential roles in photoperiod-regulated flower induction. Moreover, rhythmic expression of CsPRR7, 5b, 5a, 37, 1b, and 1a was observed under long-day conditions in a sequential manner. Additionally, CsPRRs were differently induced/inhibited by cold, heat, and drought stresses in tissue-specific and photoperiod-related manners. A stronger cold induction of CsPRRs was observed under long-day conditions than under short-day conditions. And, among the two tested tissues, changes in the expression of CsPRRs caused by various stresses were more obvious in young shoots. Studies using a floriferous cultivar (FDDB) and an oliganthous cultivar (PYTZ) implied that CsPRRs also played crucial roles in tea-plant flower induction. This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of CsPRRs in the tea plant, providing vital information for further elucidation of CsPRR functions. It also suggests that tissue type and photoperiod conditions should be taken into consideration when conducting gene function studies in the tea plant.
The Improvement in the Growth and Biosynthesis of Polyphenols in Ocimum basilicum L. Plants Through Simultaneous Modulation of Light Conditions and Soil Supplementation
Authors: Veremeichik Galina N. , Grigorchuk Valeria P. , Subbotin Evgenii P. , Kozhanov Sergei O. , Tikhonova Olga A. , Brodovskaya Evgenia V. , Silantieva Slavena A. , Subbotina Natalia I. , Yaroshenko Yulia L. , Kulchin Yurii N. , Bulgakov Victor P.
Published: December 2024

The sweet basil Ocimum basilicum L. is the subject of numerous studies and is cultivated as a food and ornamental plant. Moreover, O. basilicum could be useful in the prevention of stroke ischemia, and its anticancer properties were recently shown. Caffeic acid derivatives, such as rosmarinic acid (RA), chicoric acid, salvianolic acids, and anthocyanins, provide the medicinal properties of basil. Therefore, investigations of the optimal growth conditions that can provide cost-effective cultivation of highly productive basil plants are relevant and important. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of a combination of soil composition and light conditions on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of O. basilicum. In totally artificial (indoor) environments, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) may provide a broad range of narrowband wavelengths with different intensities. This technology can lower operating costs. In addition to the spectral composition, light intensity (PPFD, µmol m−2s−1) is an important parameter for the optimal growth of plants. In the experiment, we used different spectra of LED lamps with intensities of 300 µmol m−2s−1: warm white, monochromatic (green and red), and a combination of blue and red. Plants were grown under various lighting conditions in soil supplemented with fertilizer, Z-ion, and Crystallon. The results showed that supplementation of soil with Crystallon had a greater effect on the growth of both above- and below-ground parts of O. basilicum plants. Interestingly, growing O. basilicum plants under R and RB light led to a 2-fold increase in the biosynthesis of both the key caffeic acid derivative RA and anthocyanin. However, given that under RB light, there is no positive effect of Crystallon on growth, the productivity of RA and anthocyanin reached a maximum when O. basilicum plants were grown under R light and Crystallon. Under these conditions, the productivity of anthocyanins and caffeic acid derivatives in O. basilicum was more than eight times greater than that in untreated O. basilicum plants.
Water Discharge Change in the Rivers of the South of the Boreal Forest Zone of Eastern European Russia at the End of the Late Holocene and in the Anthropocene: The Vyatka River
Authors: Gusarov Artyom V. , Beylich Achim A.
Published: December 2024

Based on long-term observations of the water discharge (WD) from 1878 to 2018, the main trends and patterns of its change in the basin of one of the largest rivers in the east of the East European Plain, the Vyatka River, were revealed using a set of standard statistical procedures and a graphical analysis of the WD probability curves. Three main phases of the annual river WD were identified, corresponding to the periods 1878–1929, 1930–1977, and 1978–2018. The first and third periods were characterized by increased WD (by 22–23%) relative to the medium period, and the differences in the average annual WD characteristics between these periods were statistically significant. It is also noteworthy that the difference in the average annual WD between the first and last periods of increased WD was very small and statistically insignificant. A gradual increase in the share of the so-called normal annual WD and a decrease in the abnormal (including extreme) annual WD were noted from 1878–1929 to 1978–2018 in the predominantly northern half of the river basin. At the same time, in the predominantly southern half of the basin, according to the analysis of only the periods 1930–1977 and 1978–2018, the so-called normal and abnormal WD remained almost unchanged; only a slight increase in positive anomalies of the WD was noted. Increased intra-annual variability in the WD was characteristic of the period of its reduced average annual value. Between the three identified periods, a gradual reduction in the water runoff coefficient was observed during the warm (mainly summer) season in the Vyatka River basin. The specified long-term variability in the water discharge of the Vyatka River was chiefly due to long-term changes in climatic factors, primarily the ratio of the air temperature and precipitation, expressed as the De Martonne aridity index. The duration of the principal cycle of these changes was 82 years. An additional contribution could also have been made by the widespread reduction in cropland in the study region in recent decades. The obtained results can be preliminarily considered representative of the entire southern sector of the boreal forest zone (taiga zone) of the east of the East European Plain.
Newborn Screening for Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency: Prevalence and Genotypic Findings in Italy
Authors: Gragnaniello Vincenza , Cazzorla Chiara , Gueraldi Daniela , Loro Christian , Porcù Elena , Salviati Leonardo , Burlina Alessandro P. , Burlina Alberto B.
Published: December 2024

Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder with a broad clinical spectrum. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment are crucial for improving outcomes, yet the disease often goes undiagnosed due to its rarity and phenotypic heterogeneity. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and disease incidence of newborn screening (NBS) for ASMD in Italy. Dried blood spot samples from 275,011 newborns were collected between 2015 and 2024 at the Regional Center for Expanded NBS in Padua. Acid sphingomyelinase activity was assayed using tandem mass spectrometry. Deidentified samples with reduced enzyme activity underwent second-tier testing with LysoSM quantification and SMPD1 gene analysis. Two samples were identified with reduced sphingomyelinase activity and elevated LysoSM levels. Both carried two SMPD1 variants, suggesting a diagnosis of ASMD. Molecular findings included novel and previously reported variants, some of uncertain significance. The overall incidence was 1 in 137,506 newborns and the PPV was 100%. This study demonstrates the feasibility of NBS for ASMD in Italy and provides evidence of a higher disease incidence than clinically reported, suggesting ASMD is an underdiagnosed condition. Optimized screening algorithms and second-tier biomarker testing can enhance the accuracy of NBS for ASMD. The long-term follow-up of identified cases is necessary for genotype–phenotype correlation and improving patient management.
Newborn Screening for Six Primary Conditions in a Clinical Setting in Morocco
Authors: El Janahi Sara , Filali Mounir , Boudar Zakia , Akhattab Amina , El Jaoudi Rachid , Al Idrissi Najib , Dini Nouzha , Nejjari Chakib , Yahyaoui Raquel , Lloyd-Puryear Michele A. , Ghazal Hassan
Published: December 2024

Newborn screening (NBS) represents an important public health measure for the early detection of specified disorders; such screening can prevent disability and death, not only from metabolic disorders but also from endocrine, hematologic, immune, and cardiac disorders. Screening for critical congenital conditions affecting newborns’ health is a great challenge, especially in developing countries such as Morocco, where NBS program infrastructure is lacking. In addition, the consanguinity rate is high in Morocco. This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of integrating NBS into a diagnostic laboratory for routine analysis. Six primary severe conditions were included: congenital hypothyroidism (CH), cystic fibrosis (CF), phenylketonuria (PKU), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and hemoglobinopathies. Methods: A retrospective investigation was carried out to examine the outcomes of NBS in Casablanca, Morocco. A total of 5511 newborn blood samples were collected via heel-prick sampling and tested for the above disorders. Most of the samples were collected within the third and sixth days of birth. The dried blood spots were analyzed via a quantitative immunofluorescence technique and isoelectric focusing. Results: A total of 72 newborns had one of the six pathological conditions. The most prevalent disorders were hemoglobinopathies, which were identified in 47 newborns (0.9%), with 29 having HbC carrier status (0.5%), 15 having Hb S carrier status (0.3%), and 3 having an Hb Bart’s carrier profile (0.05%). This was followed by G6PD deficiency, which was found to affect 16 newborns (0.32% of cases). CF was found in one case (0.02%), whereas five newborns (0.09%) tested positive for CAH. Additionally, two newborns (0.04%) tested positive for CH, and one newborn tested positive for PKU (0.02%). Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance and success of NBS programs in preventing morbidity and mortality and improving the quality of life of affected neonates. The significant gap in data and research on these disorders within the Moroccan population highlights the urgent need to integrate NBS into routine practice in diagnostic laboratories across Morocco. This integration is crucial for enhancing the health and well-being of Moroccan newborns.
Advances in Ophthalmic Organ-on-a-Chip Models: Bridging Translational Gaps in Disease Modeling and Drug Screening
Authors: Lu Renhao
Published: December 2024

Background: Organ-on-a-chip models have emerged as transformative tools in ophthalmology, offering physiologically relevant platforms for studying ocular diseases and testing therapeutic interventions. These microfluidic devices replicate human eye tissue architecture, addressing limitations of traditional in vitro and animal models. Methods: A narrative review of recent advancements in organ-on-a-chip technology was conducted, focusing on models simulating ocular structures like the retina and cornea and their applications in studying diseases such as dry eye disease (DED), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma. Results: Advanced organ-on-a-chip models successfully mimic key ocular features, providing insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic responses. Innovations in microengineering and cellular integration have enhanced these platforms’ translational potential, though challenges like scalability and regulatory validation persist. Conclusions: Organ-on-a-chip models are poised to enhance preclinical research and clinical applications in ophthalmology. Addressing scalability and regulatory hurdles will be key to unlocking their full potential in drug discovery and disease modeling.
Mpox Virus Infection and Vaccination: Immunopathogenesis and Exploring the Link to Neuropsychiatric Manifestations
Authors: Hetta Helal F. , Alharbi Ahmad A. , Alsharif Shumukh M. , Alkindy Tala T. , Alkhamali Alanoud , Albalawi Abdullah S. , Sayed Hager Hamdy , Mohamed Moaiad Eldin Ahmed , Mohammed Yasmine Adel , Ramadan Yasmin N. , Sayad Reem
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim: Monkeypox (Mpox) is a viral disease mainly found in central and western Africa, with symptoms similar to variola virus (smallpox) but distinguished by the early lymph node swelling specific to Mpox. This review summarizes the neuropsychiatric manifestations of Mpox infection and vaccination, along with management approaches. Method: We searched different databases such as PubMed, Scopus, WoS, and Google Scholar about the neuropsychiatric manifestations of Mpox disease and the associated strategies of management. Results and conclusions: Mpox can cause a wide range of neurological symptoms. These range from mild symptoms like headaches, muscle aches, fatigue, and pain to severe symptoms, including seizures, blindness, photophobia, delirium, coma, encephalitis, and transverse myelitis. It is essential to distinguish Mpox from smallpox and other orthopox viruses. Psychiatric issues, such as stigma, disfigurement, isolation, and physical pain, are common in Mpox patients. To address these, healthcare providers should provide accurate information, counseling, and virtual support. Neurological side effects were associated with the previous smallpox vaccine, which offered cross-protection against Mpox. This vaccine has since been replaced by JYNNEOS, which does not pose any neurological risks. Mpox-related neurological symptoms are generally managed with supportive care, including NSAIDs, antibiotics, antiepileptics, and sedatives for seizures. Antivirals like acyclovir are also used. Severe cases may require hospitalization or intubation. So, we recommend early diagnosis, isolation, and prompt treatment, as Mpox spreading to the central nervous system can lead to serious and potentially fatal complications.