bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Getting to the “COR”
Authors: Halbesleben Jonathon R. B. , Neveu Jean-Pierre , Paustian-Underdahl Samantha C. , Westman Mina
Published: March 2014

Proposed as a theory of motivation, the basic tenet of conservation of resources (COR) theory is that humans are motivated to protect their current resources and acquire new resources. Despite its recent popularity in the organizational behavior literature, several criticisms of the theory have emerged, primarily related to the central concept of resources. In this review, we address concerns regarding the conceptualization, conservation, acquisition, fluctuation, and measurement of resources. We highlight gaps in the COR literature that can be addressed by integrating research from other areas of psychology and management. In this manner, we hope to push the COR literature forward by resolving several concerns and providing suggestions for future research that might address other concerns.
Father–Child Relationships and Nonresident Fathers’ Psychological Distress
Authors: Yuan Anastasia S. Vogt
Published: March 2014

Nonresident fathers have been shown to have much higher psychological distress than married parents with rates similar to or higher than those of single mothers. This study explores how aspects of the father–child relationship influence nonresident fathers’ psychological distress using the 1997 Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Using a structural equation model, this study finds that, other than being married, only father–child relationship quality has a direct influence on nonresident fathers’ psychological distress. Conflict with the mother, talking to the child, and the salience of the fatherhood role all influence psychological distress indirectly through father–child relationship quality.
Exploring Gender-Based Sibling Roles
Authors: Nikbakht Nasrabadi Alireza , Montazeri Ali , Eftekhar Ardebili Hasan , Homami Setareh , Karimi Yousef , Nedjat Saharnaz , Moshki Mahdi , Mansourian Ali Akbar
Published: March 2014

Siblings are often the main social partners in people’s lives and thus play important roles. In comparison with other family members, siblings are likely to remain in our lives for longer and play more roles. Previous studies suggest that gender can influence these roles. We conducted a qualitative study using semistructured interviews to examine individuals’ perceptions of gender-based sibling roles, with a maximum variation sample of 21 Iranian adults. Interview transcriptions were analyzed by dividing them into two content areas: sisters’ roles and brothers’ roles. Six main role categories emerged for sisters’ roles, whereas four emerged for brothers. “Support,” “Service,” and “Dominance” were three common categories between genders. “Consideration,” “Mediation,” and “Counseling and Guidance” categories emerged for sisters, and “Control” emerged for brothers. These findings suggest that Iranian society presents some unique domains of gender-based sibling roles. We discussed implications for research and practice and the limitations of our study.
Adolescent Siblings’ Suicide Ideation
Authors: Tucker Corinna Jenkins , Wiesen-Martin Desiree
Published: March 2014

Similarity of suicide ideation in 1,055 full- and half-adolescent sibling pairs was assessed using Add Health. In each of two waves of data, between 10% and 16% of older and 11% and 13% of younger siblings report suicide ideation, and within families there was some sibling overlap in suicide ideation within and across two waves of data. Logistic regression analyses revealed that sibling warmth predicted older siblings’ suicide ideation, and older siblings’ suicide ideation and sex composition of the sibling dyad predicted younger siblings’ suicide ideation. Suicide ideation was not conditioned by sibling structural and relationship characteristics for older and younger siblings. Using an index of sibling similarity, previous sibling similarity in suicide ideation was predictive of sibling suicide ideation similarity 1 year later. Sibling relationship characteristics were unrelated to sibling similarity index. The importance of considering sibling resemblance in suicide ideation and taking a systemic approach to adolescent suicide are highlighted.
Long-term results of aortic valve replacement with posterior root enlargement
Authors: Ghavidel Alireza Alizadeh , Omrani Gholamreza , Chitsazan Mitra , Totonchi Ziae , Givtaj Nader
Published: March 2014

Background

Posterior root enlargement provides the implantation of suitable-sized prosthetic valves in patients with a small aortic root. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of posterior root enlargement in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement.

Methods

Between 1997 and 2011, 103 patients with a small aortic annulus (indexed effective orifice area < 0.75 cm−2 · m−2) underwent aortic valve replacement with posterior aortic root enlargement. Forty-six (44%) patients were male. The mean age was 28.62 ± 18.56 years. Survivors were followed up for a mean of 45.6 ± 32.4 months.

Results

Early mortality was 9.6%. The most common cause of early mortality was low cardiac output syndrome (6 patients). There were 2 (1.9%) late deaths due to cerebrovascular events. During the follow-up period, mild paravalvular leakage occurred in only one (1%) patient, and one suffered a malfunction of the prosthesis. A significant reduction was seen in the peak pressure gradients across the replaced aortic valves ( p < 0.001). Moreover, a significant increase was noted in left ventricular ejection fraction ( p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Aortic root enlargement using the Manouguian technique can be applied with acceptable safety. It effectively decreases postoperative gradients and increases left ventricular ejection fraction. Short- and long-term mortality and morbidity rates are satisfactory.
The role of interpersonal communication in developing small-medium size enterprise (SME) client loyalty toward an audit firm
Authors: Sarapaivanich Naruanard , Patterson Paul G
Published: March 2014

This article critically analyses how clients who have limited professional financial qualifications and experience evaluate the quality of highly customized, complex, intangible professional service such as financial audits. As the financial and business outcomes of an audit only become manifest over time, clients have difficulty in evaluating its technical worth. Consequently, it is critical to explore what motivates client likelihood of re-engaging an audit firm. This study of 519 small-firm clients of financial audit firms in Thailand demonstrats that, consistent with signaling theory, the quality of interpersonal communication, rather than technical quality, has the greatest impact on client perceptions of value-for-fee and, importantly, the likelihood of re-engaging the audit firm in the future.
Feasibility of cerebral blood flow and oxygenation monitoring by continuous transcranial Doppler combined with cerebral oximetry in a patient with refractory cardiac arrest treated by extracorporeal life support
Authors: Belohlavek J , Skalicka H , Boucek T , Kovarnik T , Fichtl J , Smid O , Huptych M , Linhart A
Published: March 2014

The adequacy of cerebral blood flow and the level of regional oxygen saturation during CPR and early post-resuscitation phases assuring favorable neurological outcome are not known. We demonstrate the feasibility of cerebral blood flow and oxygenation monitoring by a continuous transcranial Doppler combined with cerebral oximetry in a patient with refractory cardiac arrest treated by extracorporeal life support.
Aging techniques for deep vein thrombosis: a systematic review
Authors: Dharmarajah B , Sounderajah V , Rowland SP , Leen ELS , Davies AH
Published: March 2014

Deep vein thrombosis is common with an incidence of 1 in 1000. Acute thrombus removal for extensive proximal deep vein thrombosis using catheter-directed techniques highlights the need for accurate assessment of thrombus age. This systematic review summarises experimental and clinical evidence of imaging techniques for aging deep vein thrombosis. Ultrasound elastography and magnetic resonance imaging were highlighted as the most studied imaging modalities. Elastography was shown to distinguish between acute and chronic clots, despite demonstrating difficulty in accurate aging of clots older than 10 days in rat models. Elastography is noted as a feasible adjunct to current first-line imaging for deep vein thrombosis using duplex ultrasonography. Combinations of magnetic resonance imaging techniques can identify acute, sub-acute and chronic thrombi using endogenous contrast agents and provide objective standardisation of the diagnostic process, with reduced onus upon operator dependency. Further validation is required of these novel imaging techniques prior to clinical implementation for deep vein thrombosis aging.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Interviewer Help Answering the Time Tradeoff
Authors: Edelaar-Peeters Yvette , Stiggelbout Anne M. , Van Den Hout Wilbert B.
Published: March 2014

Objectives. The time tradeoff (TTO) is an important method to directly obtain health utilities. Challenges of the TTO are, among others, “nontraders” and illogical answers. In TTO interviews, these challenges are resolved by the interviewer. In web-based TTOs, training procedures and logical checks are used based on the views of the researchers. As web-based TTOs will be used more often in the future, we investigated how respondents arrive at their ratings to determine the help they require. Methods. In 2 earlier studies performed by this research group, respondents valued 6 EQ-5D states on a TTO. Respondents were asked to think out loud, and all interviews were audiotaped. A random selection of these interviews were transcribed and double-coded by two independent raters, using a priori and inductive coding until saturation was reached. Based on the retrieved mistakes and comments, a list of frequently asked questions (FAQ) was developed. Results. In total, 91 interviews were coded. In all, 85% made at least 1 mistake, 41% made a misreading/miscalculation, 70% misunderstood the tradeoff, 27% misunderstood the EQ-5D dimensions, 29% misunderstood the scenario, 45% made a comment about the TTO, and 43% expressed frustration. More misunderstandings were reported in the Peeters study, which was performed in a realistic setting, whereas the van Osch study was conducted in a more ideal setting. Misunderstandings of the scenario were mosly reported by patients. Conclusions. Almost all respondents need interviewer help. This may have implications for the validity of interviewer-based TTO elicitations when social acceptability bias is an issue or with explicit hypothesis and the interviewer is not blinded. The FAQ list can be used to standardize interviewer help or as a help function in a web-based TTO.
Simulating the resin flow and stress distributions on mold tools during compression resin transfer molding
Authors: Yang Bo , Jin Tianguo , Li Jianguang , Bi Fengyang
Published: March 2014

Compression resin transfer molding (CRTM) is an effective process for the manufacturing of composite parts with large size and high fiber content. The analysis of the resin flow and stress distributions can only be performed by directly solving the coupled flow/deformation equations, but it is difficult to handle the complicated preform deformation models and geometry models; therefore, the simulation precision and application range are extremely limited. In this paper, an alternative approach is introduced to overcome the above problems, in which the preform deformation and the accompanying resin release during the secondary compaction phase are calculated in an additional element associated with each unit of the discretized model geometry instead of solving the coupled governing equations directly, so the complex compaction models can be adopted. Three simulation examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and capability of the above numerical approach on velocity-controlled, force-controlled 3D CRTM processes.
Atypical Cases of Scleroderma en Coup de Sabre
Authors: Kraus Verena , Lawson Erica F. , Scheven Emily von , Tihan Tarik , Garza Judith , Nathan Rani G. , Cordoro Kelly M. , Waubant Emmanuelle
Published: March 2014

Scleroderma en coup de sabre typically presents with a cutaneous induration, but involvement of the underlying bone, eye, and brain is common. We report on 4 pediatric cases with atypical initial clinical presentations. All cases were seen at the University of California San Francisco. Patients 1 and 2 presented to the Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic with uveitis and orbital pseudotumor in December 2009 and March 2010, respectively. Patients 3 and 4 were mimicking acquired demyelinating disorders of the brain, acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis, and were referred to the Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis center in 2008.
A Review of and Recommendations for the Management of Patients With Life-Threatening Dabigatran-Associated Hemorrhage
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Smith Roy E. , Henry Brian L.
Published: March 2014

Dabigatran is an oral direct thrombin inhibitor that is approved for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Dabigatran has several advantages over warfarin including predictable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics which eliminates the need for routine laboratory monitoring, superiority over warfarin in preventing stroke, or systemic embolism without having an increased risk of bleeding. However, as with any anticoagulant, there remains a real chance of bleeding, including major or life-threatening hemorrhage. Many physicians feel comfortable managing bleeding complications on older anticoagulants like warfarin and heparin, due to extensive experience with the medications along with antidotes to reverse their effects as well as established protocols for treating anticoagulant-associated hemorrhage. However, most physicians have limited clinical experience with dabigatran, there is no specific antidote for dabigatran reversal and there is a paucity of protocols, guidelines, and recommendations for how to manage dabigatran-associated hemorrhage. In this review, we present a case series of patients admitted to our institution for management of bleeding while receiving dabigatran. We retrospectively reviewed these cases to evaluate the efficacy and rationale of the various anticoagulation reversal strategies employed in the context of the existing evidence found in the literature. Specific focus is placed on the therapies utilized and the coagulation studies used to manage these patients.
Risk, Proportionality, and Sentencing
Authors: Crow Matthew S. , Lannes Paula S.
Published: March 2014

In response to increased fear and attention to the sexual victimization of children, coupled with the proliferation of child pornography on the Internet, Congress has increased the severity of federal sentencing guidelines for child pornography offenses. Recently, federal judges have publicly questioned the appropriateness of these guidelines, arguing that the guidelines do not properly reflect proportionality with regard to the level of harm and risk posed by child pornography offenders. Child pornography cases have the highest rates of guideline departure in the federal court system. Within the legal versus democratic subcultural framework, this study analyzes the factors influencing sentencing decisions in federal child pornography and sexual abuse cases. Our primary focus is on the impact of differences between guideline-generated sentencing recommendations compared with the sentences outlined in the criminal statutes. We find that although a greater divergence between the guidelines and statutes increases the likelihood and magnitude of downward departures generally, this effect is more pronounced in child pornography cases. This finding suggests that judges may face greater difficulty in synthesizing conflicting cues from the legal and democratic subcultures in these types of cases.
Change in Balance Confidence and Its Associations With Increasing Disability in Older Community-Dwelling Women at Risk for Falling
Authors: Talley Kristine M. C. , Wyman Jean F. , Gross Cynthia R. , Lindquist Ruth A. , Gaugler Joseph E.
Published: March 2014

Objectives: To describe change in balance confidence, and to identify associated factors and disabling consequences. Method: Secondary analysis of 2 years of data collected from 272 older women enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of fall prevention. Balance confidence and disability measures were assessed at baseline, after the 12 week intervention, and at 1 and 2 years follow-up. Associated factors were measured at baseline. Results: Balance confidence varied at baseline and decreased 5% over 2 years, but no variables predicted this decline. Baseline balance confidence was associated with poor physical function and mental health. Decreasing balance confidence was associated with increasing impairments in balance and hip flexion strength, increasing functional limitations in mobility and chair rises, reduced physical activity levels, increased activity restrictions, and decreasing social networks. Discussion: Decreasing balance confidence plays an important role in disablement. More research is needed to identify predictors of decreasing balance confidence.
The distribution of analytical techniques in policy advisory systems: Policy formulation and the tools of policy appraisal
Authors: Howlett Michael , Tan Seck L , Migone Andrea , Wellstead Adam , Evans Bryan
Published: March 2014

The literature on policy analysis and policy advice has not generally explored differences in the analytical tasks and techniques practiced within government or between government-based and non-government-based analysts. A more complete picture of the roles played by policy analysts in policy appraisal is needed if the nature of contemporary policy work and formulation activities is to be better understood. This article addresses both these gaps in the literature. Using data from a set of original surveys conducted in 2006–2013 into the provision of policy advice and policy work at the national and sub-national levels in Canada, it explores the use of analytical techniques across departments and functional units of government and compares and assesses these uses with the techniques practiced by analysts in the private sector as well as among professional policy analysts located in non-governmental organizations. The data show that the nature and frequency of use of the analytical techniques used in policy formulation differs between these different sets of actors and also varies within venues of government by department and agency type. Nevertheless, some general patterns in the use of policy appraisal tools can be discerned, with all groups employing process-related tools more frequently than “substantive” content-related technical tools, reinforcing the procedural orientation of much contemporary policy work identified in earlier studies.
Nothing but medals? Attitudes towards the importance of Olympic success
Authors: Haut Jan , Prohl Robert , Emrich Eike
Published: March 2014

States intervene increasingly in financing and organization of Olympic elite sport in order to maximize national success in the medal table. In Germany and many other countries too that includes practices that have been criticized as unacceptable in democratic societies: funding of medal-promising sports only, early selection and specialization of young athletes, authoritarian tendencies in sport policy, etc. Are those efforts reflected by a strong desire for medals within the population? Is national success regarded as so important that even critical measures are accepted? And would that indicate more general tendencies to nationalistic or authoritarian attitudes? These and other questions were addressed in a survey carried out in Germany in 2012 ( N = 899). Results show that medals are indeed perceived as important, especially in lower educational levels, but by far not as important as sticking to sporting values and the rules of fair play. Multivariate analyses reveal that the desire for medal success is highly dependent on the belief in and perception of the Olympic competition. For most of the respondents that does not legitimize unfair practices or exploiting athletes, but partly the struggle for medals is also linked with a limited understanding of fair play and nationalistic or authoritarian attitudes.
The hooligan as ‘internal’ other? Football fans, ultras culture and nesting intra-orientalisms
Authors: Hodges Andrew
Published: March 2014

Football fans, specifically fan associations ( navijačke udruge), are sometimes depicted as stereotypical of Balkan ‘mentality’, drawing on associations with violence, organised crime and examples of ‘primitive’ behaviour and attitudes at football matches. In this paper, I argue that the drawing of such associations may explored in terms of a nesting intra-orientalism, whereby non-European ‘others’ are constructed at different levels typically within a state, rather than projected outside to other geographical regions or states. On the basis of my experience as a member of an ultra-left fan association in Zagreb, I explore several characteristics of ultras’ group participation – focusing on what they referred to as the ‘supporters’ world’ ( navijački svijet) and ultras’ culture ( ultras kultura). I label three characteristics that also define the wider contemporary ‘everyday geopolitics’ in the Balkans at present. On the basis of these three characteristics, I evaluate the hypothesis of a nesting ‘intra-orientalism’ and the ideological purposes it may serve.
Psychosocial Interventions for Women with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Hernandez Julieta P. , Macgowan Mark J.
Published: March 2014

Objective

Recent research on psychosocial interventions addressing the well-being of women with HIV/AIDS has brought new options for practitioners. This study critically reviews the treatment features, methodological quality, and efficacy of these interventions.

Methods

A comprehensive search between 2000 and 2011 identified 19 studies employing 10 different interventions.

Results

In all, 11 studies were methodologically strong and 12 reported interventions superior to other treatments. Among those with positive results, Cohen’s effect sizes ranged from small ( d = 0.33) to large ( d = 1.50) across well-being outcomes. The Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management/Expressive Supportive and Structural Ecosystems Therapies ranked as probably efficacious. The Teaching, Raising and Communicating with Kids and the Maternal HIV Self-Care Symptom Management programs were ranked as promising treatments.
Embodied Accounts of HIV and Hope
Authors: Bernays Sarah , Rhodes Tim , Jankovic Terzic Katarina
Published: March 2014

Capturing the complexity of the experience of chronic illness over time presents significant methodological and ethical challenges. In this article, we present methodological and substantive insights from a longitudinal qualitative study with 20 people living with HIV in Serbia. We used both repeated in-depth interviews and audio diaries to explore the role of hope in coping with and managing HIV. Using thematic longitudinal analysis, we found that the audio diaries produced distinctive, embodied accounts that straddled the public/private divide and engaged with alternative social scripts of illness experience. We suggest that this enabled less socially anticipated accounts of coping, hoping, and distress to be spoken and shared. We argue that examining the influence of different methods on accounting not only illustrates the value of qualitative mixed-method study designs but also provides crucial insights to better understand the lived experience of chronic illness.
Healthe Kids
Authors: Dean Bonnie B. , Kindermann Sylvia L. , Carson Tabetha , Gavin Jan , Frerking Melissa , Bergren Martha Dewey
Published: March 2014

Many states in the United States have mandated school health screenings for early identification and referral to professional services for a set of health conditions. Health e Kids, a community-based program, began offering school-based health screenings to Missouri elementary schools in March 2007. The purpose of the article is to provide a description of the Health e Kids program, including the team members, screening process, and the program’s underlying technology. Further, we present data gathered during the first 5 years of the Health e Kids program in Kansas City, Missouri, and describe improvements to the program from lessons learned and implications to school nurses and health care delivery.
Closing the Opportunity Gap
Authors: Olszewski-Kubilius Paula , Clarenbach Jane
Published: March 2014

There has been a cry of alarm about the need for a new generation of thinkers, innovators, linguists, and creative problem solvers to meet the demands of the 21st century global economy and our national security needs. Thus far, the response to the clarion call has been underwhelming. The nation has not yet committed itself to changing K-12 education in a way that would put more students—from every population and sector of society—on the path to high levels of talent. Research has already provided some important data and successful programs and services are available to replicate. In 2012, the National Association for Gifted Children (NAGC) convened a summit of scholars, practitioners, and policy experts to share information about school-based and supplemental programs that are achieving academic success with these learners. Experts identified numerous factors considered central to their program’s success as well as the barriers, primarily in schools, to student achievement. Based on the summit presentations and discussion, we suggest six broad areas that were common threads across the programs, and across research, that can be a roadmap for others seeking to increase the numbers of low-income and racially, ethnically, and linguistically different students who are identified as gifted and achieve at high levels.
Social Emotional Needs
Authors: Cross Tracy L.
Published: March 2014

Obsession is multifaceted and may be a catalyst for important development of the person. The author discusses the concept of obsession and how educators might successfully guide the young gifted person who experiences obsessive periods.
It’s Safe to Be Smart
Authors: Hébert Thomas P. , Corcoran Jamie A. , Coté John M. , Ene Mihaela C. , Leighton Elizabeth A. , Holmes Ashley M. , Padula Diane D.
Published: March 2014

Gifted teenagers in middle and high school benefit from classroom environments that support their social and emotional development. Teachers of gifted adolescents may create classroom environments in which young people know it is safe to be smart and where they feel valued and respected for their intellect, creativity, and passions. By utilizing available strategies for creating such environments, teachers enhance the psychosocial well-being of gifted adolescents.
The Evolution of Objective and Interpretative Journalism in the Western Press
Authors: Esser Frank , Umbricht Andrea
Published: March 2014

A content analysis of 2,422 political news stories from national and regional newspapers examines the different ways in which the hard-news paradigm has been adopted in the United States, Great Britain, Germany, Switzerland, France, and Italy between the 1960s and 2000s. The study traces how hard news practices diffused differently across borders, and how they have been combined with elements of interpretation and opinion over time. This process has led to the formation of three distinct news cultures. Conclusions are drawn for a broader understanding of the evolution of news journalism and the appropriate classification of Western media systems.
The Role of Awareness in Attitude Formation Through Evaluative Conditioning
Authors: Sweldens Steven , Corneille Olivier , Yzerbyt Vincent
Published: March 2014

This article provides a review of past and contemporary debates regarding the role of awareness in attitude formation through evaluative conditioning (EC), that is, by repeatedly pairing a stimulus with other stimuli of positive or negative valence. Because EC is considered the most prototypical method to form and change the network of evaluative associations in memory, the role of awareness in this effect is critical to the question of whether attitudes may be formed and changed through dual processes. We analyze the reasons why there has been so much discussion and disagreement regarding the role of awareness, review past and contemporary methodologies and their limitations, discuss the role of mental processes and conditioning procedures, and identify promising directions for future research in this area.
Design and analysis of a non-hysteretic passive magnetic linear bearing for cryogenic environments
Authors: Diez-Jimenez Efren , Valiente-Blanco Ignacio , Castro-Fernandez Victor , Perez-Diaz Jose L
Published: March 2014

In this study, the mechanical design and analysis of a magnetic levitating linear bearing suitable for working in the non-hysteretic range of forces is presented. The semi-cylindrical design of the superconductor provides stable equilibrium positioning and restoring forces in all degrees of freedom except for two with a cylindrical magnet floating along the axis of revolution/displacement. Using finite element analysis, it has been proven that the magnet can float stably and passively in a complete non-hysteretic Meissner state. This non-hysteretic passive linear bearing could be suitable for long-stroke precision positioning. The high translational symmetry of the magnetic field seen by the superconductor assures a usable long stroke of around ±90 mm with full performance and ±150 mm with reduced performance. This linear bearing in combination with an actuating system for only one degree of freedom could be used for accurate precision positioning systems for cryogenic environments with zero hysteresis in the movement.
Attachment toward the informal caregiver and perception of the amount of support received after elective surgery
Authors: Gur-Yaish Nurit , Zisberg Anna , Levin Chedva
Published: March 2014

This study investigated the relationship between attachment representations and help received from informal caregivers after elective surgery. In total, 98 respondents reported on their attachment toward their informal caregiver before surgery and on the amount of help they received from the caregiver after surgery. We found that anxious attachment was negatively related to all types of support except for ensuring and explaining medical care, whereas avoidant attachment was negatively related to emotional types of support. This study extends previous findings by demonstrating the influence of attachment representations on help received in the context of the unique help provided after elective surgery.
Potential exposure of children to environmental microorganisms in indoor healthcare and educational settings
Authors: D’Arcy N. , Cloutman-Green E. , Lai K. M. , Margaritis D. , Klein N. , Spratt D. A.
Published: March 2014

Surveillance of environmental bacteria was performed in order to investigate the differences in number, identity and distribution in three indoor locations where children spend time; a hospital ward, outpatient’s area and a classroom. Surface total viable counts (TVCs) and swabs for molecular analysis of bacteria present were taken at each location. TVCs were higher in the classroom and outpatient area than on the ward and on items that were located in physically higher positions. High touch sites had lower bacterial counts. Sequence and biochemical data showed the presence of potential pathogens at all locations. The bacterial profile of the three locations was different and may reflect the functional use of the space and the people who use that space.
Domestic airborne fine particulate matter exposure and asthma control among children receiving inhaled steroid treatment
Authors: Woods K. E. , Apsley A. , Semple S. , Turner S. W.
Published: March 2014

The aims of the present study were to measure domestic PM2.5 exposure and explore relationships with indices of asthma severity and control in children prescribed inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs). Disease severity was determined by questionnaire and spirometry. Asthma control was assessed by 5-day peak flow variability (PFV) and children's asthma control test (CACT) on the 1st and 5th day of peak flow testing. Concentrations of PM2.5 were measured over a 24-h period. Twenty-two children were recruited, mean age 11.0 years. Across the 22 homes the median time weighted average (TWA) PM2.5 concentration (range) was 7.4 μg/m3 (2.0–150.0) and was significantly higher in the seven homes where smoking was reported (24.0 μg/m3) than non-smoking homes (6.0 μg/m3), p=0.001. There was a positive association between TWA PM2.5 and PFV (rho = 0.55, p = 0.015, n = 19) and a negative association between TWA PM2.5 and CACT (rho = − 0.56, p = 0.010, n = 20). TWA PM2.5 exposure was not related to indices of asthma severity. Peak PM2.5 concentration was not associated with any outcome. This exploratory study suggests that even at relatively low concentrations, there is an exposure–response relationship between increasing indoor air PM2.5 concentrations and poorer asthma control in children prescribed ICSs.
Use of mean skin temperature in evaluation of individual thermal comfort for a person in a sleeping posture under steady thermal environment
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Lian Zhiwei , Deng Qihong
Published: March 2014

A new model to evaluate individual thermal comfort using mean skin temperature was proposed. Twenty-two subjects’ local skin temperatures were measured in a sleeping posture at air temperatures of 21℃, 24℃, 26℃ and 29℃. Mean skin temperatures were calculated using a formula with 10 measuring locations on the skin. The thermal comfort levels and thermal sensation of the subjects were also investigated by questionnaire. Based on the experimental data, an evaluation model of an individual’s thermal comfort using mean skin temperature was developed using the Mahalanobis distance discrimination method. Seventy two per cent of the total subjects’ thermal comfort levels was correctly evaluated using this evaluation model. The evaluation models were further improved by a consideration of the gender difference in mean skin temperature. The study revealed that the human mean skin temperature could be used as an effective physiological indicator to reflect an individual’s thermal comfort under steady thermal environment. The proposed evaluation model based on mean skin temperature provides an effective and simple method to evaluate an individual’s thermal comfort in a sleeping posture under steady thermal environment.
Internet, children and space: Revisiting generational attributes and boundaries
Authors: de Almeida Ana Nunes , Delicado Ana , de Almeida Alves Nuno , Carvalho Tiago
Published: March 2014

At the dawn of modernity, in the 18th century, space became a critical category in defining generational attributes and locations. However, borders that previously tightly isolated adults and children are nowadays continuously challenged and modified by a constant and ubiquitous use of new information and communication technologies, namely the Internet, blurring notions of ‘private’ and ‘public’, ‘outdoors’ and ‘indoors’, ‘real’ and ‘virtual’. Giving voice to children, this article explores qualitative empirical data from a research project carried out in Portugal. It focuses on children as subjects and actors of these processes, especially in the way they combine ‘real’ and ‘virtual’ space and place in a geography of their own.
Creative contributions: The role of the arts and the cultural sector in development
Authors: Stupples Polly
Published: March 2014

The cultural sector is currently being touted as an undervalued contributor to development, able to support economic growth, while promoting social inclusion and cultural diversity. Targeted arts and culture funds now support artists’ initiatives throughout the developing world. This article describes the trajectory through which the arts have come to be valued by the development community. It draws out diverse conceptualizations of the social value of the arts and describes some of the tensions that exist in this emerging sub-field of development practice – tensions that arise from trying to support the creative worlds of artists through the technical (and often instrumental) matrices of development.
Facing fear: The importance of engaging with fear in development literature
Authors: Clouser Rebecca
Published: March 2014

Among the numerous debates and discussions of development, the element of fear is rarely given explicit consideration. In this article, I review current development literature to demonstrate the incomplete treatment of fear, as it is often implicitly incorporated via discussions of security, power, identity, social cohesiveness or resistance. In the second part of this article, I utilize the case study of post-conflict Guatemala to examine how fear shapes, and is shaped by, development at multiple, overlapping scales. By elaborating on the complex interrelations between fear and development, this case study demonstrates the importance of directly engaging with fear in development analyses, particularly in post-conflict settings.
More than just a game?: Grass roots cricket and development in Mumbai, India
Authors: Bateman Jerram , Binns Tony
Published: March 2014

Increased attention has been given to the concept of ‘development through sport’ in international development literature over the past decade. Within this literature, however, there has been little discussion of the implementation of ‘development through sport’ initiatives in India, and less still on the use of cricket. With the immense wealth, power and cultural importance attached to cricket in India, highlighting its potential for development, this article explores emergent themes from the ‘development through sport’ literature, and those more established within development theory, in the context of development initiatives in India which explicitly use cricket for wider social purposes. Drawing upon key informant interviews, focus groups and content analysis, the article examines how and why cricket is being used in two community level initiatives, the Parivartan Programme and ‘Youth against AIDS’, both of which operate within one of Mumbai’s most underdeveloped municipal wards. In doing so, the article offers a critical assessment of the effectiveness of cricket in development in India, from which conclusions as to its future implementation are drawn.
Medical voluntourism in Honduras: ‘Helping’ the poor?
Authors: McLennan Sharon
Published: March 2014

Medical voluntourism, where health professionals travel to another country to provide medical services is a growing, but under-researched phenomenon. This article, based on qualitative research with medical voluntourists in Honduras, uses Scheyven’s (2001) continuum of voluntourism to explore the complexities of medical voluntourism. The research found that while ostensibly ‘helpful’, volunteer tourism in Honduras is often harmful, entrenching paternalism and inequitable relationships; and that many voluntourists are ignorant of the underlying power and privilege issues inherent in voluntourism. While there are examples of volunteer tourism as both educational and as a form of social action, the article argues that these are not natural consequences of voluntourism but must be nurtured. As such this article highlights some implications for practice, noting that addressing the paternalism inherent in much medical voluntourism requires an honest appraisal of the benefits and harm of voluntourism by sending and host organizations, education and consciousness-raising amongst volunteers, and long-term relationship building.
Book review: Henderson, Jeffrey. 2011: East Asian transformation: On the political economy of dynamism, governance and crisis and Payne, Anthony and Nicola Phillips. 2010: Development
Authors: Bangara Tamara , Bisung Elijah , Ngai Karen , Said Sherine , Scot Steffanie
Published: March 2014

Henderson, Jeffrey. 2011: East Asian transformation: On the political economy of dynamism, governance and crisis. Abingdon and New York: Routledge. 184 pp. £28.99 paperback. £98.04 hardback. ISBN: 9780415547918 hardback. ISBN: 9780415547925 (paperback), ISBN: 978020383313 (e-book).

Payne, Anthony and Nicola Phillips. 2010: Development. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press (Key Concepts in the Social Sciences Series). 196 pp. £15.99 paperback. £50 hardback. ISBN: 9780745630670 (hardback), ISBN: 9780745630685 (paperback).
Book review: Howell, Jude, editor. 2012: Global Matters for Non-governmental Public Action
Authors: Fontefrancesco Michele
Published: March 2014

Howell, Jude, editor. 2012: Global Matters for Non-governmental Public Action. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 24 pp. £ 65.00 hardback. ISBN: 9780230290358.
Book review: Pearson, Ruth and Kusakabe, Kyoko. 2012: Burmese migrant women factory workers: Thailand’s hidden workforce
Authors: Locke Catherine
Published: March 2014

Pearson, Ruth and Kusakabe, Kyoko. 2012: Burmese migrant women factory workers: Thailand’s hidden workforce. London and New York: Zed. 205 pp. £70 hardback. £16.99 paperback. £19.98 e-book. ISBN: 978 84813-985-5 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-84813 984-8 (paperback), ISBN: 9781848139879 (e-book).
Suboptimal glycaemic control enhances the risk of impaired prothrombotic state in youths with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kyrgios Ioannis , Maggana Ioanna , Giza Styliani , Stergidou Dorothea , Mouzaki Konstantina , Kotanidou Eleni P , Papadakis Emmanouil , Galli-Tsinopoulou Assimina
Published: March 2014

Objective:

To estimate markers of prothrombotic state and endothelial dysfunction in youths with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and investigate possible associations with anthropometric/demographic data, glycaemic control and lipid profile.

Methods:

In a cross-sectional design, we recruited 155 youths with T1DM and determined levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-antigen (PAI-1-Ag), von Willebrand factor-antigen (vWF-Ag), fibrinogen (FB), lipids and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c).

Results:

Of all the participants, 76 (49%) had increased levels of at least one of prothrombotic factors. Suboptimal glycaemic control was associated with a worse lipid profile and an eightfold increased risk of elevated vWF-Ag levels. Higher vWF-Ag concentrations were also correlated with impaired lipid profile and increased HbA1c values, whereas PAI-1-Ag was positively correlated only with triglyceride levels. After adjustment for potential confounders, only HbA1c contributed independently to the variation in vWF-Ag levels.

Conclusion:

Impaired prothrombotic state and consequently endothelial dysfunction are present in youths with T1DM, representing a cumulative risk factor for future cardiovascular disease (CVD). Achievement and maintenance of euglycaemia and normolipidaemia are crucial to decelerate progress of this process.
The Use of Time-of-Flight Camera for Navigating Robots in Computer-Aided Surgery
Authors: Putzer David , Klug Sebastian , Moctezuma Jose Luis , Nogler Michael
Published: March 2014

Background. Time-of-flight (TOF) cameras can guide surgical robots or provide soft tissue information for augmented reality in the medical field. In this study, a method to automatically track the soft tissue envelope of a minimally invasive hip approach in a cadaver study is described. Methods. An algorithm for the TOF camera was developed and 30 measurements on 8 surgical situs (direct anterior approach) were carried out. The results were compared to a manual measurement of the soft tissue envelope. Results. The TOF camera showed an overall recognition rate of the soft tissue envelope of 75%. On comparing the results from the algorithm with the manual measurements, a significant difference was found (P > .005). Conclusions. In this preliminary study, we have presented a method for automatically recognizing the soft tissue envelope of the surgical field in a real-time application. Further improvements could result in a robotic navigation device for minimally invasive hip surgery.
Community-Involved Learning to Expand Possibilities for Vulnerable Children
Authors: Kim Kyung Hi
Published: March 2014

This research, based on a case study of vulnerable children in Korea, used a mixed methods transformative approach to explore strategies to support and help disadvantaged children. The methodological approach includes three phases: a mixed methods contextual analysis, a qualitative dominant analysis based on Sen’s capability approach and critical communicative methodology to identify relevant value systems that support and impede resilience, and an action research approach to develop and implement the interventions. The adoption of mixed methods extends understandings of how to design, implement, and evaluate programs for vulnerable children.
Using Mixed Methods From a Communicative Orientation
Authors: Flecha Ramon
Published: March 2014

Over a decade ago, researchers in Roma studies shifted their approach, from an exclusionary stance to a more communicative one. Despite major positive changes since then, researchers still do not adequately reflect the voices of the majority of the world’s Roma. In this article, we draw on a communicative mixed methods case study, conducted within the INCLUD-ED project in one of Spain’s most underprivileged neighborhoods, to show how it was possible to engage in intersubjective dialogue with grassroots Roma throughout the entire research process. Through such engagement, it is possible to develop new knowledge that can transform local conditions, as they shift from diagnosing social exclusion to identifying the approaches that work best to reduce it.
A modified technique for Gore Excluder limb deployment in difficult iliac anatomy during endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Vourliotakis George , Katsargyris Αthanasios , Tielliu Ignace FJ , Zeebregts Clark J , Verhoeven Eric LG
Published: March 2014

Complex iliac anatomy including extreme tortuosity constitutes a relative contraindication for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with additional risk of limb-graft occlusion. The Gore Excluder limb-graft is a flexible stent-graft, which adapts easily to iliac tortuosity. Nevertheless, the presence of the stiff guide wire does not always allow for an ideal apposition of the stent graft to the angulated common iliac artery vessel wall. We describe herein a modified technique for Gore Excluder limb-graft deployment with partial removal of the stiff wire in cases with difficult tortuous or narrow iliac arteries during endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.