bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O PROGRAMA PRÓ-MAIOR E A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA O ENVELHECIMENTO BEM-SUCEDIDO
Authors: Sbrissa Douglas Zanella , Bianchi Silvana , Renner Jacinta Sidegum , Santos Geraldine Alves dos
Published: June 2022

INTRODUÇAO: O Programa Pró-Maior tem como premissa contribuir no processo de envelhecimento bem-sucedido de pessoas acima de 60 anos residentes no Município de São Leopoldo/RS. As atividades do programa ocorrem normalmente de forma presencial. Durante a Pandemia do Covid-19, o programa teve que ser reconfigurado sendo que as atividades passaram a ocorrer de forma remota. OBJETIVO: Compreender a percepção dos idosos quanto à efetividade das atividades realizadas de forma remota no programa. MÉTODO: Se caracteriza como um estudo aplicado, observacional descritivo e com análise de dados sob o paradigma qualitativo. O campo do estudo foi o Programa Pro-Maior da cidade de São Leopoldo/RS.  O Grupo de colaboradores foi escolhido por conveniência e composto de 6 integrantes do Programa. O instrumento de pesquisa foi uma entrevista semiestruturada realizada via WhatsApp®. A análise e discussão foi realizada por categorização e triangulação RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que o Pró-Maior passou por diversas mudanças, desde a sua estrutura inicial para adaptar-se às necessidades do seu público. Com relação às narrativas dos entrevistados, foram formadas as categorias: “importância do programa na sua vida”, “importância da manutenção das atividades” e “dificuldades para manutenção das atividades”. Todos os entrevistados afirmaram sentir falta do convívio social imposto pelo distanciamento, reforçando a importância do programa nas suas vidas. CONCLUSÃO: As atividades oferecidas de forma remota, foram importantes de diversas formas, no entanto, a falta da presença, da proximidade e das trocas que só podem ser realizadas de forma presencial foi a maior e mais recorrente queixa.
Indirect Spectrophotometric Determination of Mebendazole Using Methyl Orange Dyein the Presence of the Oxidizing Agent NBS
Authors: Abdulhadi Rasha Z. , Mohammed Dawood Habboo
Published: June 2022

Aim: To develop a swift , simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of mebendazole (MBZL) in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. Methods: The suggested method depend on oxidation of MBZL with known excess amount of N-bromosuccinimide ( NBS ) in acidic medium and after reaction is insured to be complete , the surplus NBS is estimated by de colorization of methyl orange (MO) dye and measuring the absorbance of surplus dye at 508 nm. A linear calibration curve was obtained over the concentration range 2.5– 25 μg.ml-1 with correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The molar absorptivity and sandell's sensitivity index values were determined to be 1.505 × 104 L.mol-1.cm-1 and 0.019607 μg.cm-2. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were calculated to be 0.3736 and 2.553 μg.ml-1, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of MBZL in available dosage form, the validity proposed method was confirmed by recovery study via standard addition technique . Keywords: mebendazole ; N-bromosuccinimide ; Determination ;Spectrophotometry ; methyl orange
Determination of the Psychological Burden of Gambling Harm in Iraq
Authors: Salih Hewa Sattar , Saadoon Naji Yasser , Kadhim Ali Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Aim: To find out the association between psychosocial burden and the sociodemographic data such us (gender, age, social status, level of education, residential, occupational and economic status) and to assess the psychological burden among the gambler in the Iraq’s' roulette casino Methodology: A cross-sectional design is carried throughout to assess the impact of the gamble upon gamblers psychosocial states in the Iraq’s' roulette casino for the period of September 2nd 2018 to April 4th 2020. The present study is conducted in different settings that include roulette casino. A non-probability "purposive" sample of (232) participants is selected. An instrument was constructed for the intent of the study. It is content of (six) domains. The instrument included three parts: sociodemographic variables, gambling addiction and the psychosocial burden among the gambler in the Iraq’s' roulette casino. The researcher used descriptive statistics tools such as frequency, percentage, mean of score and used in inferential statistics such as Chi-Square. Results: The findings of the study indicate that the study samples (65.9%) they have sever gambling addiction level, while (18.1%) they have moderate gambling addiction level and (15.9%) they have mild gambling addiction level. Also, the findings of the study indicate that (58.2) they have moderate social burden level, while (26.3%) they have sever social burden level and (15.5%) they have mild social burden level. Conclusions: There is a high significant relationship between the most sociodemographic data and psychological burden. Keywords: Determination, Psychological, Burden, Gamble
Incidence of Needle Stick and Sharp Items Injuries Among Nurses At Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital
Authors: Hussin Batool Kadham , Idaned Zahraa Khalid
Published: June 2022

Background: This paper aimed to assess the rate of NSIs among the Iraq nursing staff at Kindy teaching hospital Methods: A descriptive study was conducted to collect information about the rate of acupuncture accidents among nurses at Al-Kindi Teaching Hospital. Results: (77%) of the sample were in the stage group of 20-30 years. while the majority of the sample (74%) was female. Regarding the educational level, the high percentage of high school with 52%, followed by the institute of nursing with a 22% about experience years the majority of sample 70% were 1-5 years in hospital. Among the nurses involved in the study, 72% were injured in acupuncture sharps while 64% did not participate in training courses about NSIs Conclusion: Nursing workers suffer a high rate of sharp injuries, which can increase the chances of a disease and its consequences. Emphases of researcher's mast increasing the nurses’ awareness and skills, holding workshops, finally, the importance of completing the hepatitis B vaccine course can be effective in reducing the incidence of infections and the risks of infectious diseases. Keywords: nurses, needle stick injuries, and sharp object.
Prevalence of Neck pain and its effects on Quality of life of Software Engineers in Lahore
Authors: Nasir Amber , Shaukat Mamoona , Sajjad Sajjad Ali , Rana Arif Ali , Waseem Munazza , Syed Hafiza Aroosa
Published: June 2022

Background: Neck pain is a sensation of discomfort in the dorsal and lateral side of cervical spine due to postural or mechanical faults. It affects health - status, work productivity and multiple interventions are used to treat neck pain. Aim: To check the prevalence of neck pain, its effects on quality of life of software engineers of Lahore city. Methodology: This was an observational study Cross-sectional survey. Three hundred and thirty eight participants with minimum one year of job experience in software house were included in the study. Neck pain disability and quality of life were observed by using NDI and SF-12 respectively. Data was entered and analyzed by SSS 22.0.s Results: Results showed the prevalence as mild, moderate, severe and complete neck pain disability in software engineers was 150(44.38%), 68(20.12%), 19(5.62%) and 3(0.89%) respectively and 98(28.99%) participants were without neck pain. There are more male participants 86(25.44%) without neck pain than female participants 12(3.55%) without neck pain. Neck pain showed no significant association with age of software engineers because p > 0.05 in chi-square test. There were fewer participants with excellent and poor physical health 8.28% and 10.36% respectively. Conclusion: Neck pain is common in software engineers of Lahore city. Neck pain is more prevalent in female software engineers as compared to male. Severe neck pain declined their Physical health and complete neck pain caused disability. They are facing the physical health issues with resulting limitations in their routine office work, physical activities and social activities. Neck pain is associated with gender and physical health of software engineers. Keywords: Neck pain, quality of life, software engineers, Lahore city
Perceptions, Preferences and Demographic Profile of Females Regarding Contraception Choices in an Urban Setting
Authors: Afridi Nazar Muhammad , Ali Muhammad Ahsan , Ali Ijaz , Anjum Muhammad Usman , Nazir Farhan
Published: June 2022

Background: Being a developing country, fertility rates are high in our country while contraception use is sub-optimal. Aim: To assess the factors and perceptions of women of reproductive age influencing their choice of contraceptive method as well as the prevalence of contraception. Duration & place of study: Mohi-ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Mirpur, AJK from January to June 2021 Methods: In this cross-sectional study, females of child-bearing age were selected. They were divided into various groups based on different parameters. Pre-structured and a pre-validated proforma was used to collect data. Results: Most of the females, 74.88%, were between the ages of 21-40 years. Most of the women were literate and 50.51% had completed their matriculation. Majority of them, about 49.69%, have 2-4 children. The working status revealed that 74.95% women were house wives while only 25% were doing a job and 85.06% were Muslims. The proportion of women belonging to low-income group was only 8.76% while the average was almost similar for women belonging to middle- and high-income group. Media exposure was quite high in the study subjects with about 92.60% reported to have had media exposure. Conclusion: There is restricted and reduced use of contraceptive methods among our study subjects. Among those who use contraception, preferred methods are short acting ones. Keywords: Contraception, women, method choice, family, planning
Consumption of Energy Drinks in Medical Students of Nowsera Medical College
Authors: Jadoon Alamzeb , Nawaz Shah , Marwat Safdar Irfan , Marwat Zahid Irfan , Gohier Ayesha
Published: June 2022

Background: Young adults use energy drinks that have high caffeine levels. Higher consumption will increase health risk. Effects of different ingredients on health need to be investigated. Consumption of energy drinks has become popular in students but there has been little research regarding energy drink consumption patterns in college students in Pakistan. Aim: To determine energy drink consumption patterns in college students, prevalence and frequency of energy drink use and the perception of students about benefits and hazards of energy drinks consumption. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on total of 180 medical students of Nowshera from all years of medical course from Jan 2019 to Dec 2019. 180 medical students were selected through convenient sampling technique. After obtaining verbal consent the data were collected using a self-administered, closed ended questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: Frequency of energy drinks consumption was found to be 110(61.1%) in a sample of 180 medical students of MBBS. Sting was the most common brand consumed 73.33% consumed by them. The major reasons reported for its usage were to gain/replenish energy and boost stamina by 46(29.8%), and studying for examination by 25(16.2%). Advertisement 24(15.5%) was reported as the major source of information followed by friends 47(30.5%). Significant differences were found between usage of energy drinks with gender (<0.001), i.e., 79(71.8%) males and 31(28.2%) females. Conclusion: Consumption of energy drinks, despite the variation in the reason for choosing such drinks, is quite common in college students. Consumption rate was high in male gender (63.9%). The main reasons for consumption were to gain/replenish and boost energy and to increase the concentration in studies. A greater percentage (54.6%) of the students were aware of the adverse effects of energy drinks consumption. Keywords: Energy drinks, Health risk, Consumption, Energy, Socioeconomic status
Her-2 Expression Status in Different Histopathological Grades of Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Malik Ayesha Imtiaz , Jabeen Rukhsana , Zaheer Attya , Kiran Nazma , Siddique Nazia
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Urothelial carcinoma is the predominant histological sub-type and accounts for 90% of human urinary bladder cancers. It is among the ten common malignancies of adults in Pakistan. Her-2 receptor modifications including mutations have been previously evaluated as one of the major players in carcinogenesis of urinary bladder’s carcinoma arising from urothelium. The increase in expression of Her-2 receptor is seen in higher grade carcinomas along with muscle infiltration in comparison to tumors of lesser grade and not invading muscle layer. Aims and Objectives: To compare epidermal growth factor (Her-2) receptor expression status between high and low grade, infiltrative and non-infiltrating carcinoma of urinary bladder’s urothelium. Materials and Methods: 50 cases with diagnosis of primary papillary urothelial carcinoma with variable stages and grades, from both genders and different ages, were selected using convenience sampling for current cross sectional study. Routined protocols opted for immunohistochemical staining to observe Her-2 expression in urothelial cancer trans-urethral resection specimen. If more than 10 percent of cells with positive circumferential complete, and intense membrane staining for Her-2 were taken as positive as assessed semi-quantitatively by using immuno-reactive scoring system designated by ASCO/CAP guidelines. Results: Patients having ages ranging from 42 to 95 years including 37 males and 13 females were selected for current study. Her-2 immunostaining revealed, positivity in 27 (54%) patients. Results interpreted showed more number of cases having higher grade (p= 0.0006) and infiltration (p = 0.0001) with Her-2 positivity. Conclusions: The current study showed significant amount of Her-2 positivity in greater grade and carcinomas possessing muscle invasion as compared to tumors of lower grade and those not invading muscle wall. Key words: Her-2 receptor, Low grade urothelial carcinoma, Invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma
Efficacy of Daclatasvir with Sofosbuvir for Treating Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 3
Authors: Khan Fahad Aman , Ahmad Mukhtar , Khan Imran , Anser Aniqa , Khan Tufail , Kashif Muhammad , Malik Tashia
Published: June 2022

Objective: To determine efficacy of Daclatasvir with sofosbuvir in treating patients of chronic hepatitis C genotype 3. Study Design: Interventional case-series study Place and Duration of Study: Hepatitis Clinic, Medical Unit–II, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from January 2019 to June 2019. Methodology: One hundred and thirty five patients of chronic hepatitis C Genotype 3 were enrolled. All patients were givendaclatasvir60mg and sofosbuvir 400mg once-daily for 12 weeks. HCV-RNA-PCR was done at end of 12 weeks of treatment (ETR) and 12 weeks after end of treatment (SVR). Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.8 ±2.3 years. There were 57.7% males while 42.2% females with 22.2% frequency of cirrhosis in them.The mean value of AST and ALT was calculated as 57.07 ± 48.69 and 51.02 ± 44.17 IU/ml respectively in hepatitis C patients having genotype 3.The treatment follow up showed that on reassessing the hepatitis C status through quantitative analysis of genotype 3 through PCR it was seen that 91.1% patients reached SVR with no viral detection in them. Conclusion: Daclatasvir in combination to sofosbuvir is an efficient way of treating hepatitis C patients suffering from genotype 3. Keywords: Viral load, Sofosbuvir, HCV, Genotype 3
Serum C-Reactive Protein A Helpful Marker in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Baig Wasif , Ahmad Haseeb , Shafiq Zaryab , Choudhary Adeel Khalid , Javaid Muhammad Faisal , Asif Khumair
Published: June 2022

Objective: evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of serum C-reactive protein levels in acute appendicitis (AA) Methodology: Two hundred suspicious cases of AA presenting with pain in right iliac fossa in addition to nausea/vomiting, direct tenderness in right iliac fossa of either gender in adult population were included. Intravenous blood sample was drawn for CRP evaluation. Appendectomy was performed in all these cases, and histopathological examination was done to confirm presence/absence of AA. Both the reports were evaluated and AA was considered positive if CRP levels are >6 μg/dl. A 2x2 table was drawn to analyze diagnostic accuracy of CRP. Results: The mean age was 27.11+10.42 years, 80.5% (n=161) cases were diagnosed as acute appendicitis on histopathology. The diagnostic accuracy of serum C-Reactive Protein levels shows 81.63% for sensitivity, 73.58% for specificity, 89.55% had positive predictive value, 50.09% negative predictive value while 79.50% had accuracy rate. Conclusion: serum C-reactive protein levels is a useful marker for diagnosing acute appendicitis and may be used in rural areas where USG and CT scan facility is not available. Keywords: Acute appendicitis, diagnosis, serum C-reactive protein, diagnostic accuracy
Swinburne, Africa, and the Lash
Authors: Scroggins Mark
Published: June 2022

Algernon Charles Swinburne’s late poems encouraging Britain’s aggression against the Boer States are exercises in imperialist jingoism, and seem at odds with the poet’s longstanding Republicanism and advocacy of individual rights. A close examination of Swinburne’s notorious involvement in practices of sado-masochist flagellation, however, casts some light on how these poems can be read as congruent with his earlier ideological investments. The rhetoric of his Boer War poems is precisely aligned with his earlier responses to the Bulgarian Crisis of 1876 and the Eyre Affair of 1865; in both of these moments, Swinburne’s political reaction is keyed to his aversion to the use of the lash (by the Russians in the former, by the British colonial Jamaican regime in the latter). While Swinburne was something of a connoiseur of passive flagellation—to the extent that birching becomes sometimes a metaphor for poetry itself—the act of deploying the lash against an unwilling subject (as the Boers did to their African workers) is for him the epitome of tyranny and dehumanization.
The Group Composition of Literary Works by Esoteric Writers in the Modernist Period: A Critical Interruption of Afro-Modernism and Antimodernism
Authors: Woodson Jon
Published: June 2022

Like the other “new modernisms” Afro-Modernism does not exist beyond its role as a critical catchword. The readings given to African-American texts of the modernist period have been subjected to reductive treatments that have overlooked many factors. In this paper I will examine an unacknowledged feature of modernist works that radically changes the understanding of many important texts. One assumption of the critics of literary modernism is that individualism is a touchstone of the movement. One sign of the inapplicability of individuality to American modernism is the occurrence of esoteric group composition. The esoteric does not come into consideration by the literary critics who have established Afro-Modernism, so it is not within the scope of those investigations that challenges to individuality have been considered.
Healthcare worker’s readiness for the COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia: What about the knowledge terms?
Authors: Widya Ratna Wulan  , Evina Widianawati  , Ika Pantiawati  , Slamet Isworo
Published: June 2022

The Indonesian government has planned to procure the COVID-19 vaccine. The COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among healthcare workers (HCWs) remains poorly understood. HCWs have several roles related to information on the COVID-19 vaccine implementation. HCWs’ knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine is limited. Objectives: This study described the HWCs’ readiness for the knowledge level regarding the COVID-19 vaccine and mapped it spatially. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire for 112 HWCs’ as a vaccination team in Hospital and Public Health Centre in Semarang. Mapping was conducted by using the geographic information system (GIS). Results: The results showed that the HCWs’ level of knowledge regarding the COVID-19 vaccine was considered good to be used as a basis for providing information related to the COVID-19 vaccine to the public. There was a significant relationship between the profession (p-value = 0.031; OR: 0,339; 95% CI: 0,136-0,847) towards the HCWs’ knowledge regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusions: Developing strategies to decrease HCW’s and public hesitation and increase trust is vital for implementing vaccination programs.
Effectiveness and acceptability of textbook instruction paired with locally-developed quality-assured MELC-based learning activity sheets for modular instruction
Authors: Renato S Cagomoc
Published: June 2022

This study assessed effectiveness and acceptability of Textbook instruction paired with locally developed quality assured MELC-based Learning Activity Sheets for modular instruction in DepEd Schools Division of Calbayog City during the curriculum year 2020. Utilizing the descriptive-assessment research method, this involved all school heads & teachers in DepEd Schools Division of Calbayog City thereby incorporating total or complete enumeration as its sampling technique and the one thousand learner respondents that can understand the content of the questionnaires chosen via random sampling. Results revealed that self-learning modules create an effective learning environment for the learners to learn. These contain the answers to all possible queries, confusions, and questions that may come into the mind of the learner at the time of learning. These also provide immediate feedback on the performance of the students. These also help to maintain a high-interest level and sufficient motivation for the learners enriching its features such as Self-explanatory, Self-contained, Self- directed, Self-motivating and Self-evaluating which help to cater the needs of all types of learners.
Development of skin health test efficacy modules in vivo
Authors: Yu-Hsing Lin  , Yun-Xuan Chang  , Tzu-Yun Chi  , Hsiao-Yun Chen  , Ping-Min Huang  , Chia-Yu Lin  , Ya-Peng Wang  , Ying-Ching Hung  , Guan-Hong Chen  , Tsung-Han Wu  , Yen-Jung Lu  , Chien-Chao Chiu  , Ching-Feng Chiu  , Hsuan-Wen Chiu  , Wei-Huang Tsai  , Chia-Chi Chen  , Shao-Wen Hung
Published: June 2022

Sunlight contains ultraviolet (UV) light that causes sunburn and makes the skin age faster, leading to more wrinkles as older. The UV light can come from the natural and artificial sources. Moreover, UV light has shorter wavelengths than the visible light. Therefore, people’ eyes can’t see UV, but people’ skin can feel it. In this study, the in vivo skin health test efficacy modules have been established via the detection of skin’s moisture retention (%), skin’s cytokine expression levels, enzymatic expressions in the skin, the expression levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), collagen type I, melanin, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the skin, and the experimental mice’ skin thickness and lesions via histo-pathologic examination. According to the results, the clinical behavior observation indexes of Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice in each group were normal during the experiments. Moreover, all ICR mice were survival until the end of the experiments. The moisture retention (%) of skin in ICR mice in UVB group was significant decrease after D1, D3, and D5 of UVB irradiation compared to the normal control group. Based on the IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α analysis expressions, both IL-1β and IL-6 expressions in UVB group were significantly increase than the control group, while there was no significant difference in the TNF-α expression between the groups. ICR mice’ skin enzymatic expressions in each group presented that catalase (CAT) expression and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in UVB group were significantly lower than the control group. The MDA expression in UVB group were significantly higher than the control group. The HA and collagen type I expressions in UVB group were significantly lower than the control group. However, the melanin expressions in UVB group and the control groups were not significantly different. The matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) expressions in UVB group was significantly higher than the control group. The skin epidermal thickness in UVB group was significantly thicker than the control group. The dermal thickness in two groups was not significantly different. The number of sunburn cells in the derma in UVB group was significantly increase than the control group. The solar elastosis in the derma in two groups was not significantly different. Based on the above results, we have successfully established in vivo skin health test efficacy modules to evaluate the status of skin health. We hope the modules should be provide for the research and development (R&D) of the effective treatment included drugs and therapeutic strategies.
Length-weight relationships and condition factor of the main species of fish caught on the Bandama River (Ivory Coast)
Authors: Kouassi Brahiman Kien  , Amalan Sylvie N’Da  , Benié Rose Danielle Aboua  , Essetchi Paul Kouamelan
Published: June 2022

The Ivory Coast has economically and ecologically important rivers that contain various fish and shellfish resources. Thus, the present study aims to assess the length-weight relationships and the condition factor of fish stocks in selected sites on the Bandama River from July 2013 to June 2014. The growth pattern of each species was identified at the using a regression model calculated for the length-weight relationship. The condition factor (K) was analyzed for each species. There were six species of fish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Synodontis bastiani, Synodontis schall, Marcusenius senegalensis, Coptodon zillii and Labeo coubie). The length-weight relationship determined for the above six species showed a negative allometric growth pattern (b<3) indicating faster length increase relative to weight for five of them. They are Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Coptodon zillii, Synodontis bastiani, Synodontis schall and Marcusenius senegalensis, Only the species Labeo coubie presented a positive allometric growth (b>3) showing that this species put on weight faster than it grows. The habitat qualities of the majority of fish species were therefore in optimal environmental conditions. The results of the present study constitute a reference, which taken into account would be useful for the implementation of a plan for the sustainable management of fishery resources in Ivory Coast.
Imbalance of macro- and microelements in the scleral shell of the eye in various forms of glaucoma
Authors: Arutyunyan L. L. , Iomdina E. N. , Morozova Yu. S. , Anisimova S. Yu. , Anisimov S. I.
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE. To conduct a comparative study of the balance of macro- and microelements in scleral biopsy samples taken from patients with various clinical forms of glaucoma.

METHODS. The content of macro- and microelements was analyzed in scleral biopsy samples of 16 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 13 patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and 15 patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG). The mean age of the patients was 79.5±2.5 years. For control, fragments of the sclera of 14 cadaveric eyes without a history of glaucoma were used. Concentration of macroelements — K, Mg, Ca, Fe — was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, the level of microelements — Zn, Cu, Al, Mn — by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

RESULTS. A statistically significant shift in the balance of Cu/Zn compared with controls was found in all forms of glaucoma: NTG (p=0.008), PEG (p=0.006), POAG (p=0.03); while no differences between NTG and POAG in this indicator were detected (p=0.609), with PEG the difference was significant (p=0.0001). The Cu/Fe ratio in the scleral samples of glaucomatous eyes also significantly differed from controls in both NTG (p=0.009) and PEG (p=0.006), as well as in POAG (p=0.006). This parameter in patients with POAG significantly differed from the corresponding parameter in the groups with NTG (p=0.0001) and PEG (p=0.016). A shift in the balance of Mn/Cu compared with controls was detected only in the sclera of patients with NTG (p=0.0064), there were no corresponding differences with controls in PEG (p=0.157) and POAG (p=0.773), but a significant difference was found between NTG and POAG groups (p=0.0001). The balance of Mn/Fe in comparison with the control group was disturbed in all forms of glaucoma: NTG (p=0.0066), PEG (p=0.00034), POAG (p=0.0027). At the same time, in patients with NTG and PEG, the balance of Mn/Fe differed significantly from this indicator in POAG (p=0.078 and p=0.0485, respectively). The most pronounced imbalance of Mg/Ca compared with controls was found in the sclera of patients with PEG (p=0.01) and POAG (p=0.0254).

CONCLUSION. In all studied forms of glaucoma, disturbances in the ratios of Cu/Zn, Cu/Fe, Mn/Cu, Mn/Fe and Mg/Ca of varying severity in the sclera were revealed in comparison with the sclera of eyes without glaucoma. Differences in the indicated ratios between NTG, POAG and PEG have also been established, which may define the features in the pathogenesis and clinical course of these forms of glaucomatous lesions.
Hemşirelik Eğitiminde Yenilikçi Öğrenme Yaklaşımı: Çevrimiçi Ters Yüz Öğrenme
Authors: ERDEN Dilek
Published: June 2022

Hemşirelik eğitiminde yenilikçi öğrenme yaklaşımlarının kullanılması öğrencilerin 21. yüzyıl becerilerine sahip olarak mezun olmalarını sağlamaktadır. Bu durumda yenilikçi öğrenme yaklaşımlarından biri olan ters yüz öğrenme; öğrenciyi merkeze alması, aktif öğrenme metotlarının kullanımına uygunluğu, eğitim sürecine bilgi iletişim teknolojilerini dâhil etmesi ile dikkatleri üzerine çekmiştir. Literatürde ters yüz öğrenmenin hemşirelik öğrencilerinin performansı ve 21. yüzyıl becerileri üzerine olumlu etkileri vurgulanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte pandemi nedeniyle uzaktan eğitim kapsamında uygulanan çevrimiçi ters yüz öğrenmenin hemşirelik eğitiminde uygulanabilirliği de gündeme gelmiştir. Bu derlemede çevrimiçi ters yüz öğrenmenin hemşirelik eğitimine yansımaları ele alınmıştır.
Recreational green spaces as the future for sustainable cities: Case of Karura Forest in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Shah Parita Sureshchandra , Irandu Evaristus
Published: June 2022

Urban areas have been experiencing unprecedented growth since the beginning of the 20th century. Rapid urbanization is likely to present various challenges relating to human health, food security, water and energy needs, aesthetic and recreational spaces. Thus, the United Nations Agenda 2030 premised on economic, social and environmental sustainability may not be realized. This paper focuses on the recreational facilities in Karura Forest located in the peri-urban area of Nairobi City. It uses both quantitative and qualitative research design. In-depth literature review was used to enrich research findings. Data was collected from a selected sample of 1150 Nairobi residents. It provides an inventory of recreational facilities and examines the contribution open and green spaces make to the residents. The preferences of these residents to visit the facilities are also documented. The study found out that about 77.6% of the visitors came from nearby high-income areas of Muthaiga, Nyari, Rosslyn, Peponi and Runda, about 21.4% came from middle-income areas of Parklands, Mlolongo, Athi River and Langata while only a paltry 1% came from the low-income areas of Kangemi, Ngara, Huruma and DeepSea slums. Most of the visitors were between 14 and 52 years of age. Findings are expected to inform policy and future urban planning for green spaces and their recreational value. To ensure sustainable development in the future, there is need to preserve the existing open and recreational green facilities in Nairobi. Both the County and National Governments should formulate and implement the Sustainable Kenyan Cities Policy to preserve open and green spaces in the rapidly growing urban areas of the country.
KETERKAITAN ANTARA PERKEMBANGAN PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI SYARIAH DENGAN PERUBAHAN FATWA HUKUM
Authors: Jannah Roudotul
Published: June 2022

Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk menganalisis perkembangan pemikiran ekonomi syariah dan keterkaitannya dengan perubahan fatwa hukum. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan makalah ini menggunakan pendekatan literature review dengan data sekunder dan juga menggunakan studi pustaka. Hasil kajian mengungkapkan bahwa fatwa merupakan produk pemikiran hukum Islam yang lahir dari proses dialogis dan dari  pengamatan realita dengan           berlandaskan nash. Perkembangan pemikiran menyebabkan fatwa lebih bersifat dinamis, seperti perubahan fatwa pelarangan penyimpanan daging qurban pada masa Rasulullah dan berubah menjadi boleh karena masyarakat di luar Madinah membutuhkannya. Penerannya seperti konsep fiqih muamalah klasik yang menekankan akad tunggal, akan tetapi karena faktor kebutuhan dan karena munculnya gagasan pemikiran tentang perbankan syariah yang banyak membutuhkan pemikiran untuk memformulasi produk perbankan syariah dengan  pendekatan metodologis istihsân bi al-maslahah pada hibryd conctract (multi akad) menjadi bisa dipakai oleh perbankan syariah.
¿Etnia o nación? Los aymaras desde la opinión de la prensa de Chile y Bolivia.
Authors: Jiménez Sandoval Marión , González González Jaime
Published: June 2022

Los periódicos se han presentado como actores discursivos que influyen en la sociedad, conformando una opinión y un espacio público donde se representan diversos sujetos y colectividades. Esta investigación se centra en analizar las semejanzas y diferencias discursivas de la prensa sobre los aymaras en Chile y Bolivia durante el período 2014-2015. Para alcanzar este cometido, seleccionamos los periódicos “La Estrella de Arica” y “La Estrella de Iquique” de Chile y “La Razón” de Bolivia. Se sostiene como primera hipótesis que existen semejanzas y diferencias en los discursos de ambos conjuntos de periódicos, en el terreno de representar a los aymaras como parte de la colectividad nacional. Una segunda hipótesis sostiene que las diferencias discursivas se aprecian en las particularidades simbólicas del contexto político de cada país. En este sentido, la prensa del norte de Chile representa a los aymaras como parte de la identidad regional, mientras el periódico paceño los simboliza desde el reconocimiento de su condición como pueblo indígena. En el terreno del análisis, el estudio se vale tanto del análisis estructural de contenido, como del marco teórico del texto ligado al maridaje conceptual “episteme-discurso-opinión”.
Pashukanis: eficacia y validez de una visión marxista del derecho aplicado al caso chileno
Authors: Gómez Sepúlveda Sebastián
Published: June 2022

La siguiente investigación, pretende exponer de una forma coherente, tanto el concepto de eficacia legal como su relación con la validez legal, dentro del proyecto teórico de Eugeny B. Pashukanis, desplazando el centro del análisis, desde una perspectiva normativista o formal, a una sociológica de matriz marxista. El autor hace una crítica a la lógica de autoreproducición y naturalziación del Derecho de raíz liberal, que no obstante tuvo utilidad para romper el feudalismo y el absolutismo, generó un marco de legitimación de la primacía de los valores burgueses de propiedad por sobre los derechos sociales universales. Se realiza ademaás la aplicación del análisis al caso chileno en una constitución que sacraliza la administración privada incluso de los fondos previsionales.
El papel del liderazgo político en la orientación de la política exterior chilena hacia el espacio sudamericano (2000-2010)
Authors: Götz Betancourt Shirley
Published: June 2022

El presente trabajo explica las variaciones de la política exterior chilena en su ámbito regional entre 2000 y 2010 a partir del enfoque del liderazgo político. Sobre la base de la tipología de liderazgos en política exterior, propuesta por Margaret Hermann, se establece que el estilo directivo de liderazgo ejercido por Lagos influyó en la profunda desconexión de Chile respecto de los procesos regionales sudamericanos, siendo su principal manifestación la triple tensión vecinal de 2004. Por su parte, el liderazgo de tipo adaptativo ejercido por Bachelet favoreció una progresiva correspondencia entre el accionar de Chile en el espacio sudamericano y los procesos que en este tenían lugar, alcanzando su mayor expresión en la actuación chilena durante la crisis boliviana de 2008, mientras ejerció la Presidencia Pro-Tempore de la recién creada UNASUR.
El gatopardismo progresista y el neoextractivismo: los casos de Argentina, Bolivia y Chile en el contexto del boom de los commodities
Authors: Aracena Hrepic Felipe
Published: June 2022

Los gobiernos autodenominados progresistas en la América Latina del siglo XXI manifestaron en sus inicios querer modificar la matriz productiva y dar el salto hacia el posneoliberalismo. Esto quería decir, alejarse del modelo primario exportador-extractivista e implementar estrategias de diversificación económica. Estas medidas tendrían como consecuencia directa el aminoramiento de la conflictividad socioambiental en los territorios.

A poco andar el siglo, los gobiernos que dieron este viraje ideológico presentaron una paradoja que se manifestó no sólo en la continuidad del modelo primario exportador, sino en la profundización del mismo, dando paso a un neoextractivismo selectivo. Como consecuencia del proceso ha habido un aumento de la conflictividad socioambiental en los territorios.

El objetivo de este artículo es caracterizar los progresismos de Argentina, Bolivia y Chile enfatizando en sus procesos extractivos. La hipótesis postula que durante los gobiernos progresistas aumentó la conflictividad socioambiental de los tres casos. En términos metodológicos, se ha optado por el debate bibliográfico para caracterizar los progresismos y la construcción de una matriz de análisis a partir de aquellos conflictos socioambientales que tuvieran relación con la extracción minera, antes y durante los gobiernos progresistas de los tres países analizados, entre los años 2001 y 2013.
La búsqueda de la identidad y el desarrollo: El papel de la mujer en la sociedad cruceña según El Cosmopolita Ilustrado1
Authors: Franco María Pía , Gottret Ana María
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo es resultado de un estudio analítico y reflexivo sobre el texto de El Cosmopolita Ilustrado, desde el cual se podrá comprender las variables culturales, sociales, políticas, históricas en torno a las cuales la ciudad de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, se desarrolla. El objetivo del artículo es reflexionar sobre estos roles, poner en debate la necesidad de una transformación del Ethos de la mujer cruceña en el siglo XXI. El estudio está centrado en el rol de la mujer en esta sociedad, es un documento de carácter sociológico, filológico y, por lo tanto, de valor histórico y político para comprender las dinámicas internas que subyacen en el Ethos de la sociedad cruceña, respecto al rol de la mujer en el siglo XIX. Asimismo, se deja ver la identidad y rol que persiste en algunas formas de comportamiento y pensamiento en relación a la mujer, durante el siglo XX y principios del siglo XXI.
El código Licurgo: generaciones, legados y Estado de Derecho en Cuba
Authors: González García René Fidel , Veloz Fernández Grisel
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo realiza un abordaje de la realidad política cubana actual, a través de un enfoque que fija su atención en el accionar político de las generaciones, sus modos de reproducción y lo constitucional como forma de sintetizar y defender sus aspiraciones y metas de cambio social y político. En ese esfuerzo, hace énfasis en la importancia de la Constitución del 2019 y la declaración del Estado cubano como un Estado de Derecho, mientras explora la importancia y la complejidad de su desarrollo y las expectativas de la ciudadanía en una sociedad que, como la cubana, experimenta, en medio de un contexto de crisis económica y pandémica, un proceso de transición en su régimen político, económico y social.
La democracia y sociedad civil en tiempos de globalización.
Authors: Ibáñez Rubén Pino
Published: June 2022

Las ideas de democracia y sociedad civil entendidas tradicionalmente en el marco del Estado soberano territorialmente han sido profundamente afectadas por el proceso de globalización. Esto, básicamente, porque el Estado ha perdido efectividad en el control de los procesos sociales, políticos y -principalmente- económicos que ocurren dentro de sus fronteras. Democracia y sociedad civil corren el riesgo de banalizarse en términos políticos sin un referente o espacio en donde hacer patente la opinión de la ciudadanía sobre los procesos globales que les afectan en su bienestar material y simbólico. En este escenario, la re-reconstitución de la efectividad y legitimidad de los procesos democráticos de decisión (lo que implica una sociedad civil fuerte) pareciera apuntar a la constitución de una demos global o ciudadanos globales como una precondición para pensar realmente en el funcionamiento de dichos procesos en el nivel supranacional o internacional.
Iború, Iboya, Ibochiché: los rituales en la santería, actos simbólicos y performance
Authors: Saldivar Juan
Published: June 2022

Las variadas religiones que se localizan en diversos espacios de Latinoamérica consideradas de origen animista, entre ellas la santería, son producto del arduo proceso colonial, de los herméticos sistemas evangelizadores que impulsaron a las múltiples diásporas a re-construir su bagaje cultural, en otras palabras, su imaginario religioso, por ende, encontramos una fusión de ritos y rituales específicos como los descritos a lo largo de este artículo. Siguiendo a Fernando Ortiz (1921; 1946; 2001) y Gonzalo Aguirre (1992) el proceso de transculturación o aculturación en América ha sido producto del contacto entre tres cosmovisiones distintas: el indio, el negro y el español, quienes en su afán de mantener el imaginario local optaron por múltiples mecanismos, el sincretismo uno de ellos.

En la actualidad, dichas expresiones socio-religiosas son parte de la representación del pueblo latino, en adelante, son los escenarios considerados productores de una realidad americana, estigmatizada, y re-fusionada con diversas ideas transnacionales que emergen de múltiples culturas construyendo sociedades híbridas, realidades que se fraguan entre el pasado y el presente, entre lo local y lo global.
¿Confusión bibliográfica o premeditación política? Recepción en el comunismo colombiano del ensayo biográfico que Karl Marx escribió sobre Bolívar en 1858
Authors: Trejos Luis Fernando
Published: June 2022

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo central realizar un análisis sobre la lectura e interpretación realizada por los intelectuales (militantes) del Partido Comunista Colombiano (PCC), del ensayo biográfico que Karl Marx escribió sobre (contra) Simón Bolívar y que fue publicado en el tomo III de la Nueva Enciclopedia Americana en 1858. Este artículo sólo vino a ser conocido en Latinoamérica en 1936 (78 años después de publicado), año en que Aníbal Ponce, lo publica en el No 1, de la Revista Dialéctica. El análisis se enmarca en la categoría de Intelectual Orgánico planteada por Antonio Gramsci y los momentos del proceso de recepción intelectual señalados por Horacio Tarcus, para aplicarlos a la interpretación realizada de dicho ensayo biográfico, por los comunistas colombianos.
Una reflexión crítica sobre la política y la cuestión de la justicia
Authors: Chadud Nicolás
Published: June 2022

“Por primera vez en la historia, más de 1.000 millones de personas se van a la cama con hambre cada noche”. Robert B. Zoellick. Presidente del Banco Mundial .

El presente escrito pretende reflexionar sobre la necesidad de pensar la política en términos de la obtención de satisfactorios niveles de justicia y bienestar social. Entendiendo que la política es una actividad colectiva que tiene la aspiración de generar ciertos resultados o efectos en una comunidad de ciudadanos.
De asonadas y consultas: Ecuador, el país de los saltos cuánticos
Authors: Velasco Juan Jacobo
Published: June 2022

Dos hechos recientes resonaron en el panorama político ecuatoriano: la revuelta policial que se transformó en asonada y la consulta popular llevada a cabo en mayo. Los dos hechos están íntimamente ligados y son parte de los capítulos más recientes del Gobierno de Rafael Correa, el político ecuatoriano más exitoso de las últimas décadas. Estos hechos, además, ponen de manifiesto un cierto agotamiento de un modelo personalista, que ha acaparado mucho poder en el corto plazo. Este artículo intenta poner en la perspectiva de un contexto más amplio la coyuntura política reciente del Ecuador.
Una aproximación al concepto de seguridad energética: su relación con la política energética de Chile
Authors: Mena Acosta Diego
Published: June 2022

La energía se ha transformado en la cuestión estratégica global por excelencia. No es solo que a estas alturas la energía influya a la vez en el dinamismo de la economía internacional, la estabilidad geopolítica mundial y nuestro futuro medioambiental a escala planetaria, sino que también parece que la cuestión energética no volverá a un segundo plano estratégico por lo menos durante varias décadas. En este sentido, comprender los alcances de la seguridad energética resulta fundamental ya que puede ser definida de manera distinta por cada analista. La razón es que se trata de un concepto multidimensional (económico, político, geopolítico), que puede definirse a corto, mediano y largo plazo, desde el punto de vista de la producción, desde sus diferentes fases, exploración, desarrollo, extracción, transporte y refino. En cada una de estas fases pueden suceder eventos que impactan, sobre todo, a aquellos países dependientes de insumos energéticos importados.
La autonomía cambiante en los tiempos del PT: explicando la subida y la caída del gigante sudamericano
Authors: Stipić Igor
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el concepto de la autonomía, tomando como ejemplo el caso de Brasil durante el gobierno del PT (Partido de los Trabajadores) entre el 2003 y el 2016. El marco teórico utilizado combina perspectivas del estructuralismo latinoamericano con las de realismo e interdependencia. El artículo se concentra esencialmente en dos temáticas específicas: la economía mundial y la política internacional. Estructurando un marco teórico propio se identifican varios factores que se consideran determinantes para la investigación del tema de posicionamiento brasileño en el mundo y sus posibilidades de una acción autónoma. Finalmente, el trabajo aborda los obstáculos específicos brasileños encontrados en su camino para convertirse en una potencia mundial.
Paraguay: un análisis de su participación y desafíos futuros en el sistema multilateral de comercio (1995 – 2016)
Authors: Cabral López María Antonella
Published: June 2022

Este trabajo busca detallar los aspectos fundamentales de la participación de Paraguay en el sistema multilateral de comercio y sus desafíos futuros, con el propósito de conocer con mayor profundidad los resultados que le ha reportado esta iniciativa al país. Se recurre para ello a una investigación bibliográfica-documental de nivel descriptivo que combina el método analítico y sintético. El artículo presenta inicialmente los aspectos institucionales de la OMC para adentrarse posteriormente en la participación paraguaya en este organismo. La misma se analiza a través de su actividad en los distintos estamentos, la revisión de sus políticas comerciales y la evolución de distintos índices. Finalmente, se plantean los desafíos a los que tiene que hacer frente el país en el marco del Acuerdo de Facilitación del Comercio negociado en 2013.