bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ОПИТУВАЛЬНИКА SF-36 В ОЦІНЦІ ЯКОСТІ ЖИТТЯ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ УРАТНИМ НЕФРОЛІТІАЗОМ, КОМОРБІДНИМ З МЕТАБОЛІЧНИМ СИНДРОМОМ
Authors: Білай С. І.
Published: May 2022

РЕЗЮМЕ. Вивчення якості життя є актуальною та невід’ємною проблемою спостереження за хворими на уратний нефролітіаз (УН), ефективністю та безпечністю їх лікування. У хворих на УН головною каменеутворювальною субстанцією є сечова кислота, рівень гіперурикемії та гіперурикурії зростає у хворих із метаболічним синдромом (МС). Метафілактика УН, доповнена в комплексному лікуванні МС, дозволить підвищувати ефективність загальноприйнятного протирецидивного лікування УН і знизити частоту повторного каменеутворення. У зв’язку з цим, велику зацікавленість викликає біофлавоноїд квертин.

Мета – оцінити показники якості життя у хворих на УН, коморбідний з МС, за допомогою опитувальника SF-36.

Матеріал і методи. У дослідження було включено 65 хворих, які страждали на УН та УН, коморбідний з МС. Середній вік пацієнтів становив 54,94±1,07 років. У контрольній групі хворих (n=21) застосовували традиційну терапію. У групі порівняння хворим (n=21) застосовували традиційну терапію і загальноприйняті лікарські засоби, які корегують метаболічні порушення. В основній групі хворі (n=23) приймали базисну терапію на тлі квертину. Якість життя хворих проводили за допомогою опитувальника SF-36 на початку дослідження та через 3–6 місяців за показниками: фізичне функціонування (PF), рольове функціонування, обумовлене фізичним станом (RP), інтенсивність болю (ВР), загальний стан здоров’я (GН), життєва активність (VT), соціальне функціонування, (SF), рольове функціонування, обумовлене емоційним станом (RE), психічне здоров’я (МН).

Результати. У хворих основної групи рівень загального показника психічного компонента здоров’я (МН) знижувався суттєвіше, ніж загальний показник фізичного компонента здоров’я (РН), на відміну від хворих контрольної групи. Показник РН у хворих основної групи знижувався незначно, на відміну від хворих групи порівняння. Лікування квертином та базисною терапією хворих основної групи виразно збільшувало рівні МН та РН.

Висновки. Рівень показників RE, MH та PF знижувався до лікування у хворих групи порівняння та основної групи, що вказувало на посилення метаболічних порушень. Рівень показників RP, SF, BP та GН знижувався також у хворих основної групи. Після проведеної базисної терапії на тлі квертину найсуттєвіше збільшувався рівень показників МН, RE, SF, GН, ВР, RP та PF, що свідчило про покращення ефективності лікування та зменшення частоти рецидивів каменеутворення.
ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ СТАН РЕПРОДУКТИВНОЇ СИСТЕМИ У ЖІНОК ПІЗНЬОГО РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ВІКУ
Authors: Бойчук О. Г. , Дорофеєва У. С.
Published: May 2022

РЕЗЮМЕ. Частота безплідних шлюбів на території України коливається від 15 до 25 % всіх подружніх пар, що перевищує критичний рівень 15 %, вказаний групою експертів ВООЗ, при якому безпліддя є фактором, що значно впливає на демографічні показники в країні та становить державну проблему. Безпліддя в шлюбі – одна з найактуальніших проблем сучасного суспільства та сучасної медицини, незважаючи на успіхи, досягнуті широким застосуванням методів допоміжних репродуктивних технологій (ДРТ). Питання створення сімʼї та материнства інколи відкладають до того часу, коли зачати дитину для подружжя власними силами стає вкрай складно. З віком спостерігають погіршення стану соматичного здоровʼя та зниження репродуктивної функції.

Мета – вивчити основні показники функціонального стану репродуктивної системи у жінок пізнього репродуктивного віку.

Матеріал і методи. Загалом під спостереженням перебувало 66 жінок пізнього репродуктивного віку. З них 36 хворих на трубно-перитонеальне безпліддя жінок з низьким оваріальним резервом, яким показано застосування програм ДРТ, склали основну групу. Методом простої рандомізації цю групу було поділено залежно від лікувальної схеми і запропоновано застосування PRP-терапії (активація фолікулогенезу).

Оцінка функціонування репродуктивної системи проводилась за рахунок визначення таких гормональних показників як пролактин (ПРЛ), тестостерон (Т), кортизон (К) естрадіол (Е2), лютеїнізуючий гормон (ЛГ), фолікулостимулювальний гормон (ФСГ) та антимюллерів гормон (АМГ) у ранню фолікулярну фазу, окрім прогестерону (П), який визначався в лютеїновій фазі.

Статистична обробка результатів досліджень проводилася на персональному компʼютері з використанням параметричних та непараметричних методів варіаційної статистики за допомогою прикладного програмного забезпечення «Statistica».

Результати. Аналіз гормональних показників функціонування репродуктивної системи виявив статистично значущі відмінності між середніми показниками ФСГ, АМГ, ЛГ, ПРЛ, прогестерону та естрадіолу у жінок основної та контрольної груп, що пояснюється, в першу чергу, наявністю порушень з боку репродуктивної системи у пацієнток основної групи, що є характерним для клінічного перебігу безпліддя у жінок пізнього репродуктивного віку з низьким оваріальним резервом.

Висновки. Як показало дослідження, у пацієнток із низьким оваріальним резервом, яким проводилась PRP-терапія, спостерігали кращу оваріальну відповідь та якість ооцитів і, відповідно, результати допоміжних репродуктивних технологій були успішні. Важливим це питання є для жінок старшого репродуктивного віку, оскільки виснаження овуляторного резерву призводить до зниження імовірності народження власних дітей.
Сучасні концепції лікування початкового карієсу зубів у дітей (огляд літератури)
Authors: Назаренко І. В. , Гевкалюк Н. О.
Published: May 2022

Резюме. Карієс зубів на сьогодні залишається однією із найбільш актуальних проблем дитячої стоматології. Відомо, це патологічний процес, при якому відбуваються процеси демінералізації та розм’якшення твердих тканин зуба із подальшим формуванням дефекту у вигляді порожнини.

Мета дослідження – проаналізувати дані наукових літературних джерел щодо неінвазивних і мікроінвазивних методів лікування початкового карієсу зубів у дітей та їх ефективності в практиці дитячої терапевтичної стоматології.

Матеріали і методи. Застосовано бібліосемантичний метод для з’ясування стану проблеми, вивчення аналізу результатів поперед­ніх наукових досліджень на основі джерел літератури та електронних ресурсів.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. В огляді представлено аналіз досліджень, присвячених неінвазивним і мікроінвазивним методам лікування початкового карієсу зубів у дітей. Особливу увагу приділено аналізу експериментальних та клінічних досліджень, присвячених формуванню резистентності емалі зуба до дії карієсогенних факторів. Карієс-інфільтрація продемонструвала свою ефективність у лікуванні початкового карієсу відносно деяких видів ремінералізуючої терапії, однак порівняльні дослідження нечисленні та в більшості випадків проведені в лабораторних умовах. Досвід використання нових препаратів для неінвазивного та мікроінвазивного лікування карієсу зубів показав хороші результати, однак для широкого впровадження їх в клінічну практику необхідні достовірні клінічні докази, подальші довготривалі рандомізовані клінічні дослідження.

Висновки. У даний час існує численна кількість препаратів для лікування початкового карієсу зубів, що дозволяє лікарю-стоматологу зробити правильний вибір у кожній конкретній клінічній ситуації. Тим не менше, не дивлячись на широкий арсенал сучасних препаратів і методик лікування початкового карієсу в дітей, універсального засобу на даний момент не існує, а тому вказана проблема потребує більш ретельного і довготривалого дослідження.
Fatores de risco cardiovascular em funcionários de uma indústria de Alagoas
Authors: Macena Mateus de Lima , Silva Júnior André Eduardo da , Wanderley Thiago Marques , Padilha Bruna Merten , Brandão Thaysa Barbosa Cavalcante
Published: May 2022

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares tornaram-se um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil e compreendem uma das causas de afastamento do trabalho. Entretanto, sua ocorrência pode ser evitada se houver a identificação precoce de fatores de risco cardiovascular. Objetivo: Investigar a frequência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em funcionários de uma indústria de Alagoas e averiguar diferenças em sua ocorrência entre os setores de trabalho. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico, realizado em fevereiro de 2019, com funcionários do setor administrativo e do setor operacional de uma indústria alagoana. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos, clínicos e de estilo de vida. Consideraram-se como fatores de risco cardiovascular: pressão arterial alterada, indicadores antropométricos de risco cardiovascular, tabagismo, etilismo, sedentarismo e antecedentes pessoais ou familiares de doenças crônicas. A análise estatística foi realizada com auxílio do pacote estatístico R, usando o pacote Rcmdr. Para averiguar possíveis diferenças entre os fatores de risco em funcionários do setor administrativo e do setor operacional, realizou-se o teste t para amostras independentes, quando variáveis contínuas, e o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson, quando categóricas, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Foram avaliados 56 funcionários, com média de idade de 33 ± 8,5 anos. Destes, 80,4% eram do sexo masculino, 62,5% estavam com excesso de peso, 58,9% consumiam álcool, 53,6% realizavam alguma atividade física e 51,8% apresentavam antecedentes familiares cardiovasculares. Não houve diferença quanto à ocorrência desses fatores entre os setores de trabalho. Conclusão: Os fatores de risco cardiovascular mais frequentes foram excesso de peso, consumo de álcool e presença de antecedentes familiares, não tendo sido identificada diferença entre os trabalhadores do serviço operacional e administrativo. No entanto, a presença desses fatores é preocupante, principalmente por se tratar de amostra relativamente jovem.
relação entre dermatite atópica e sintomas depressivos
Authors: Passos Junior Marcelo Alcântara de , Farias Alécio Vinícius Sá Gomes e , Antunes Gean dos Reis , Silva Marcos Vinicius Maceno e , Fernandes Tânia Rita Moreno de Oliveira
Published: May 2022

Resumo: O quadro da dermatite atópica (DA) é caracterizado por prurido crônico de evolução flutuante, que pode resultar em distúrbios no padrão de sono e em estigmatização social devido à presença de lesões visíveis e recidivantes, as quais tendem a se tornar progressivamente liquenificadas. Fatores como os já citados e outros associados, como incapacidade laboral, falta de concentração ao longo do dia e isolamento apresentam-se como profundos impactantes para a saúde mental do paciente, podendo resultar em baixa autoestima, depressão e frustração. Além disso, sabe-se que a DA é uma doença essencialmente inflamatória, ao mesmo tempo em que estudos recentes demonstram papel de citocinas no desenvolvimento de síndromes depressivas, podendo haver correlação causal entre os quadros por vias inflamatórias. Objetivos: Essa revisão sistemática de literatura objetivou analisar a relação entre dermatite atópica e sintomas depressivos, identificando possíveis mecanismos responsáveis por essa ligação. Métodos: A busca foi feita entre 17/11/2020 e 18/11/2020 seguindo o modelo PRISMA e utilizando as bases PUBMED, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) - IBECS, LILACS e CUMED - e EMBASE. As palavras-chave “Depression” e “Atopic Eczema”, em conjunto com seus termos MeSh e DECS, foram utilizadas e associadas através do método booleano. Critérios para inclusão foram definidos como artigos que são ensaios clínicos ou observacionais envolvendo grupo de pacientes com dermatite atópica e grupo controle, que pôde ser constituído pelo próprio grupo com dermatite atópica, porém, após intervenção. Os sintomas depressivos precisavam ser medidos por escalas ou terem critérios para diagnóstico de síndrome depressiva estabelecidos. A seleção foi feita por todos os autores de forma independente, sendo discordâncias solucionadas por consenso. Resultados: Ao final, quinze estudos restaram, os quais foram classificados entre aqueles que comparam tratamentos e seus desfechos relacionados à depressão e DA, aqueles que propõem DA como agravante de sintomas depressivos, aqueles que propõem sintomas depressivos como agravantes da DA e aqueles que trazem análises estatísticas sem estabelecer claramente onde reside a relação de causalidade entre os dois quadros. Conclusões: Diversos estudos mostraram a existência de relação entre o quadro de DA e sintomas depressivos em vias distintas, tanto analisando a DA como agravante de sintomas depressivos como vice-versa. A partir dessa perspectiva, é possível que haja uma causalidade bidirecional cíclica, na qual um constante feedback positivo gera piora de ambos os quadros até que a abordagem adequada seja tomada, evidenciando a importância da propedêutica multidisciplinar para esses pacientes.
Hesitação vacinal e a ‘pandemia’ dos não vacinados: o que fazer para enfrentar a nova “Revolta da Vacina”?
Authors: Santos Júnior Claudio José dos , Carvalho Neto Antônio de Pádua Medeiros de , Rocha Thiago José Matos , Costa Paulo José Medeiros de Souza
Published: May 2022

A frequência da hesitação vacinal está aumentando em todo o mundo e, no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19, esse fenômeno vem sendo cada vez mais percebido no âmbito nacional. No presente trabalho, realizamos uma breve apresentação de fatores históricos desse fenômeno, abordamos seus principais determinantes e modelo conceitual, além de apresentar um conjunto de estratégias de (edu)comunicação em saúde vacinal que podem ser implementadas para enfrentamento dessa problemática com vista a elevar a credibilidade e a adesão às imunizações.
Entre Vigótski e Spitzer: um estudo de "Respiração Suave" de Ivan Búnin
Authors: Silva Leonardo Augusto Martins
Published: May 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo estudar o capítulo VII do livro Psicologia da Arte (1925), de Lev Vigótski, onde o autor analisa o conto “Respiração Suave” (1916) de Ivan Búnin. Discriminamos nele diferentes abordagens textuais empregadas a fim de compreender o fenômeno central da obra do autor: a reação estética. Buscamos compreender essas abordagens do ponto de vista de alguns teóricos da estilística, observando as concordâncias e discordâncias em relação aos objetivos fundamentais do labor analítico. Com esse estudo, proporemos algumas reflexões sobre a realização composicional do texto. Ao fim, analisaremos brevemente o conto de Ivan Búnin, considerando a metodologia de Vigótski como ponto de partida, e avançando em determinados pontos de sua análise, tendo em vista a compreensão do texto segundo Leo Spitzer.
Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Young Patients With a History of Migraine
Authors: van Os Hendrikus J.A. , Verbaan Dagmar , Ruigrok Ynte M. , Dennesen Paul , Müller Marcella C.A. , Coert Bert A. , Vergouwen Mervyn D.I. , Wermer Marieke J.H.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Young patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and a history of migraine may have an increased risk of delayed cerebral ischemia. We investigated this potential association in a prospective cohort of aSAH patients under 50 years of age.

Methods:

In our prospective cohort study, we included patients with aSAH under 50 years of age from 3 hospitals in the Netherlands. We assessed lifetime migraine history with a short screener. Delayed cerebral ischemia was defined as neurological deterioration lasting >1 hour not attributable to other causes by diagnostic workup. Adjustments were made for possible confounders in multivariable Cox regression analyses, and adjusted hazard ratios were calculated.

Results:

We included 236 young aSAH patients (mean age, 41 years; 64% women) of whom 44 (19%) had a history of migraine (16 with aura). Patients with aSAH and a history of migraine were not at increased risk of developing delayed cerebral ischemia compared with patients without migraine (25% versus 20%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.57–2.35]). Additionally, no increased risk was found in migraine patients with aura (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.30–2.44]) or in women (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 0.58–2.68]).

Conclusions:

Patients with aSAH under the age of 50 years with a history of migraine are not at increased risk of delayed cerebral ischemia.
Mysteriorum simulatio
Authors: Saggioro Alessandro
Published: May 2022

This article considers the presence of a vocabulary of mysteries in the late antique laws collected in the Theodosian Code. The analysis shows the common use of some traditional words in a new meaning in order to define Christianity and defend its identity against other religions: not only the traditional mystery cults, but also the heretics. This vocabulary presents concepts and ancient religious ideas transformed into voces mediae, that can be used by religious communities in the conflicts of the age.
Revision of the Oxynoemacheilus angorae group with the description of two new species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)
Authors: YOĞURTÇUOĞLU BARAN , KAYA CÜNEYT , FREYHOF JÖRG
Published: May 2022

The Oxynoemacheilus angorae species group is revised and 10 species are recognised, two of which are described herein as new. Oxynoemacheilus anatolicus, O. angorae, O. eregliensis, O. germencicus, O. isauricus, O. nasreddini, O. mediterraneus, and O. theophilii are endemic to west and Central Anatolia. Oxynoemacheilus cinicus and O. mesudae, both from Büyük Menderes River drainage, are synonyms of O. germencicus. As First Revisers, we give priority to Oxynoemacheilus germencicus over O. cinicus. Oxynoemacheilus atili described from Lake Beyşehir basin is a synonym of O. eregliensis. Oxynoemacheilus axylos, new species, from endorheic Lake Tuz basin (Cihanbeyli, Gölyazı, Melendiz, and Samsam) is distinguished by possessing an almost truncate caudal-fin, a stout caudal peduncle, and elevated dorsal and ventral adipose crests. The new species is also distinguished by a minimum K2P sequence divergence of 1.6% in the mtDNA-COI barcode region from O. eregliensis, its closest relative. Oxynoemacheilus eliasi, new species, from the Küçük Menderes and Gediz River drainages, is distinguished by having small, embedded scales on the belly, a narrow suborbital groove in male, an emarginate caudal fin, the caudal peduncle depth 1.3–1.5 times in its length, and the body depth decreasing between the dorsal and caudal-fin bases. The new species is also distinguished by a minimum K2P sequence divergence of 2.7% in the mtDNA-COI barcode region from O. theophilii, its closest relative.
Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Imparipes Berlese (Acari: Heterostigmata: Scutacaridae) associated with ants in Iran
Authors: RAHIMINEJAD VAHID , NADIMI AHMAD , SEYEDEIN SARINA
Published: May 2022

During a survey on heterostigmatic mites (Acari: Prostigmata) associated with insects, a new species, Imparipes (Imparipes) hajiqanbari sp. nov. (Heterostigmata: Scutacaridae) is described and illustrated based on female individuals associated with ants of Lasius sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) collected from Hyrcanian forests, Gorgan, Northern Iran. Moreover, I. (I.) obsoletus Rack, 1966 and I. (I.) histricinus Berlese, 1903 are recorded from Iran for the first time. We further provide an overview of Iranian Imparipes mites associated with hymenopterans as well as their host range.
In Search of ‘Truths’: South Korean Society and the Politics of Live Streaming
Authors: Kim Ji Hyeon , Yu Jun
Published: May 2022

Despite Castells’ argument about the transformative potential of digital communication technologies for developing the networks of individuals and bringing about social and political changes, critical scholars have continued to raise vigilance against the potentially detrimental consequences of such technologies in social domains. One such issue relates to their impact on (collective) identity-making. Taking as a case study the live streaming of 2016–17 candlelight and Taegukgi rallies in South Korea, this article addresses how a digital communication technology can go further than simply permitting a large-scale mobilization and can reconfigure the meaning of participation in social movements, contributing to the emergence of what we term ‘polemical identity’. We argue that this polemical identity diverges from a more hopeful perspective found in Castells’ account, developing instead through the new semantics of participation that result in, and are triggered by, various practices of Otherizing. This includes searching for, and claiming, one’s own ‘truth’ as a means of bonding with the likeminded. In this process, we illuminate how the relationship between (collective) identity, digital communication technologies, social contexts and institutional power has become more complicated.
Testing for the Bidirectional Relationship Between FDI in Services and Trade in Services: Evidence from Emerging Economies
Authors: Jithin P. , Babu M. Suresh
Published: May 2022

We examine the two-way links between foreign direct investments (FDI) in services and trade in services for 26 emerging economies from 2003 to 2015 using sectoral and sectoral disaggregated FDI data. Within a multivariate framework, we use panel unit root tests, recently developed heterogeneous panel cointegration and panel vector error correction model (VECM). Our results confirmed the cointegrating relationship between trade in services, FDI in services, financial services FDI and nonfinancial services FDI. We find the existence of long-run unidirectional causality from trade in services to FDI in services. However, the disaggregated analysis shows a bidirectional link between nonfinancial services FDI and trade in services in the short run. Still, there is no causality between financial services FDI and trade in services both in the short run and long run. The result also shows the evidence of unidirectional causality running from trade in services to nonfinancial services FDI in the long run. It implies that sectoral decomposition matters in the FDI–trade nexus in emerging economies.

JEL Codes: G20, F14, G20, F23
Financialization, confidence, and sovereign debt markets: The role of Credit Default Swaps in the Southern European debt crisis
Authors: Massó Matilde , Fernández-Casal Rubén , Taboadela Obdulia
Published: May 2022

This article analyzes the state–market nexus by examining the role played by sovereign credit default swap (CDS) derivative markets in the southern European debt crisis of 2010–2014. This nexus is conceived of as being part of a larger process of state financialization and, more specifically, of sovereign debt management. This article shows that the southern European debt crisis was triggered by the deterioration of fundamental macroeconomic variables—not self-fulfilling dynamics driven by speculation. Moreover, the financialization of public debt markets may generate opportunities for governments to manage their public financing needs, which illustrates the complex nexus between markets and governments.
High velocity impact response of corrugated core composite sandwich structures
Authors: Shokoofeh Dolati , Mahmood Shariati
Published: May 2022

The mechanisms of projectile penetration of composite sandwich panel with empty, trapezoidal corrugated cores have been experimentally investigated. The panels have been designed to investigate the influences of specific parameters, like the fiber type of corrugated core, the projectile nose shape and the stacking sequence of face-sheets, on the impact performance from the aspects of sequential deformation, failure modes and associated mechanisms. Experimental results demonstrated that usage of Twill glass fiber in corrugated core is attained highest performance in term of energy absorption and residual velocity for the fully perforated specimens. Comparisons of panels with different stacking sequences for face-sheets verify that the corrugated core composite sandwich structures with [Formula: see text] stacking sequence is indicated the highest energy absorption. This panel is displayed a superior resistance over the ones with other stacking sequences. The hemispherical projectile is showed no deviation from the direct line of path flight relative to the conical and blunt projectile in the high velocity impact test. Moreover, the deviation of the projectile decreases the damage area in specimens.
“I Feel Validated”: Participation in a Medical Cannabis Program in the Context of Legalized Recreational Use
Authors: Khurana Saranya , Fedorova Ekaterina V. , Kaur Harjot , Mitchell Allison , Kosdon Sari , Ataiants Janna , Conn Bridgid , Wong Carolyn F. , Lankenau Stephen E.
Published: May 2022

We examined the effects of California’s 2016 law legalizing cannabis for recreational use among young adult medical cannabis patients (MCP) and non-patient users (NPU). Three groups of young adult cannabis users ( n = 30) were qualitatively interviewed in Los Angeles between 2020-21: current MCP ( n = 3), who always had a medical cannabis recommendation, NPU ( n = 6), who never had a recommendation, and MCP-to-NPU ( n = 21), who had a recommendation in the past. MCP remained MCP due to greater acceptance of cannabis and lower prices afforded to MCP. MCP-to-NPU and NPU remained NPU due to increased acceptance of cannabis use within their community, greater legal security, and no compelling need for a medical cannabis recommendation. Price increases drove many to purchasing cannabis from unregulated black-market dispensaries. The legalization of cannabis for recreational use led to decisions to transition out of MCP status, destigmatization of cannabis use, increased prices of cannabis, and increased sourcing of cannabis from the black-market.
Catholic Health Care and AI Ethics: Algorithms for Human Flourishing
Authors: Miller Michael
Published: May 2022

Artificial Intelligence (AI) contributes to common goods and common harms in our everyday lives. In light of the Collingridge dilemma, information about both the actual and potential harm of AI is explored and myths about AI are dispelled. Catholic health care is then presented as being in a unique position to exert its influence to model the use of AI systems that minimizes the risk of harm and promotes human flourishing and the common good.
Mindfulness and Implementation Planning: Promoting Self-Reported and Behavioral Forgiveness
Authors: Whitaker Whitney K. , Brannon Laura A.
Published: May 2022

The current research examined mindfulness and implementation planning as practices that promote interpersonal forgiveness. A unique contribution of this work includes the investigation of motives and techniques that might promote both self-reported and behavioral forgiveness. Young adults ( N = 80; M = 19.2 years) completed a task in which a standardized, interpersonal transgression occurred without the participants’ knowledge. Results indicate that individuals who received training in either a mindfulness practice (i.e., mindful breathing) or implementation planning practice (i.e., developing “if-then” plan statements) reported better overall mood following the standardized transgression. Interestingly, mindful breathing appeared to be the most beneficial practice to enhance positive attitudes toward the forgiveness process and promote self-reported and behavioral forgiveness. Findings are consistent with prior research investigating the effectiveness of mindful breathing and implementation planning following an actual interpersonal transgression. Implications as well as future research directions within the context of forgiveness and relationships are discussed.
Evaluating Different Strategies on the Blood Collection Counter Settings to Improve Patient Waiting Time in Outpatient Units
Authors: Chen Chih-Hao , Tsai Yao-Te , Chou Chun-An , Weng Shao-Jen , Lee Wen-Chin , Hsiao Li-Wei , Derek Natan , Ko Chang-Pu
Published: May 2022

Long patient waiting time is one of the major problems in the healthcare system and it would decrease patient satisfaction. Previous studies usually investigated how to improve the treatment flow in order to reduce patient waiting time or length of stay. The studies on blood collection counters have received less attention. Therefore, the objective of this study is to reduce the patient waiting time at outpatient clinics for metabolism and nephrology outpatients. A discrete-event simulation is used to analyze the four different strategies for blood collection counter resource allocation. Through analyzing four different strategic settings, the experimental results revealed that the maximum number of patients waiting before the outpatient clinics was reduced from 41 to 33 (20%); the maximum patient waiti-ng time at the outpatient clinics was decreased from 201.6 minutes to 83 minutes (59%). In this study, we found that adjusting the settings of blood collection counters would be beneficial. Assigning one exclusive blood collection counter from 8 to 10 am is the most suitable option with the least impact on the operational process for hospital staff. The results provide managerial insight regarding the cost-effective strategy selection for the hospital operational strategy.
“Exams by You”: Having Students Write and Complete Their Own Exams During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Saucier Donald A. , Schiffer Ashley A. , Jones Tucker L.
Published: May 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic made it difficult to proctor exams after the forced transition to remote teaching and learning.

Objective

We evaluated students’ experiences creating and answering their own exam items in an upper-level psychology course during the transition to remote teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method

Students in an advanced social psychology course wrote and answered exam items to demonstrate their learning when proctored exams became impossible during the COVID-19 pandemic. The exams were graded for breadth, depth, and accuracy, and compared to other demonstrations of learning, including traditional in-class exams taken prior to the transition to remote teaching and learning.

Results

Students performed well on these exams. Students reported positive perceptions of these exams during the COVID-19 pandemic, but reported that, while these exams reduced test anxiety, they were time-intensive.

Conclusion

Students can demonstrate their learning by writing and completing their own exams. Their higher grades may be related to reduced test anxiety and greater time investments.

Teaching Implications

Instructors should consider having students write and complete their own exams to demonstrate their learning, especially when proctoring exams is difficult or impossible.
Pain management and strength gains compared between pneumatic partial weight support treadmill and underwater treadmill in overweight patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kuptniratsaikul V , Chaiworapuek W , Kovintaset K , Meesawang M , Chinsawangwatanakul P , Danoi A
Published: May 2022

Objective

To investigate the efficacy of the pneumatic partial weight support treadmill compared to the underwater treadmill (UTM) for reducing pain and increasing quadriceps strength in overweight patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Design

Non-inferiority trial with a pre-specified 1-point range

Methods

Participants (N = 109) were randomly assigned to the study (pneumatic partial weight support treadmill) (n = 55) or control (UTM) (n = 54) groups. Patients in both groups started with 50% weight support during the first week, 40% during the second week, and 30% during the third week and until the end of the study. Both groups received exercise for 30 min, 3 times per week for 8 weeks (24 sessions). Outcome measurements, including numerical pain rating scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain subscale, quadriceps strength, body weight, 6-min walking test, and quality of life, were evaluated at baseline, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks.

Results

Only 74 participants completed the study. Numerical pain rating scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index showed non-inferiority of the study to control group. Improvement in quadriceps strength was significantly greater in the study than in control group. Adverse events were not significantly different between groups. Most subjects were satisfied and rated themselves as improved or much improved. Approximately three-quarters of participants attended more than 20 sessions, and there was no significant difference in outcomes between good and poor compliance.

Conclusion

Pneumatic partial weight support treadmill can significantly decrease pain non-inferior to UTM, and can significantly increase quadriceps strength compared to UTM.
The burden associated with, and management of, difficult-to-treat depression in patients under specialist psychiatric care in the United Kingdom
Authors: Costa Tiago , Menzat Bayar , Engelthaler Tomas , Fell Benjamin , Franarin Tarso , Roque Gloria , Wei Yiran , Zhang Xinyue , McAllister-Williams R Hamish
Published: May 2022

Background:

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and often has sub-optimal response to treatment. Difficult-to-treat depression (DTD) is a new concept that describes ‘depression that continues to cause significant burden despite usual treatment efforts’.

Aims:

To identify patients with likely DTD in UK secondary care and examine demographic, disease and treatment data as compared with ‘non-DTD’ MDD patients.

Methods:

Anonymised electronic health records (EHRs) of five specialist mental health National Health Service (NHS) Trusts in the United Kingdom were analysed using a natural language processing model. Data on disease characteristics, comorbidities and treatment histories were extracted from structured fields and using natural language algorithms from unstructured fields. Patients with MDD aged ⩾18 years were included in the analysis; those with presumed DTD were identified on the basis of MDD history (duration and recurrence) and number of treatments prescribed.

Results:

In a sample of 28,184 patients with MDD, 19% met criteria for DTD. Compared to the non-DTD group, patients with DTD were more likely to have severe depression, suicidal ideation, and comorbid psychiatric and/or physical illness, as well as higher rates of hospitalisation. They were also more likely to be in receipt of unemployment and sickness/disability benefits. More intensive treatment strategies were used in the DTD group, including higher rates of combination therapy, augmentation, psychotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates the feasibility of identifying patients with probable DTD from EHRs and highlights the increased burden associated with MDD in these patients.
Validating the Negative Emotion Regulation Inventory Measure of Emotion Regulation for Children in Preadolescence
Authors: House Heather P. , Kochendorfer Logan B. , Brumariu Laura E. , Kerns Kathryn A.
Published: May 2022

Emotion modulation is achieved through various strategies. We further validated a measure of emotion regulation (ER), the Negative Emotion Regulation Inventory (NERI), designed by Zimmermann and Iwanski (2014) to assess emotions and ER strategies in situations intended to induce sadness, fear, or anger. U.S. children 9–14 years old ( n = 105) completed an adapted version of the NERI and measures of anxiety symptoms and attachment security. We replicated Zimmermann and Iwanski’s (2014) finding that ER strategies (adaptive regulation, social support seeking, dysfunctional rumination, expressive suppression) varied by emotion situation. We extended their study by showing that specific ER strategies were related to both anxiety symptoms and secure parent-child attachment. This cross-cultural replication and extension study provided some evidence for the reliability and validity of the adapted NERI in U.S. preadolescents.
Reference ranges of fetal cisterna magna volume measurements by three-dimensional ultrasonography in the late second trimester considering sonographic experience
Authors: Selcuk Koray , Sezik Mekin , Yalcin Serenat Eris , Yavuz And
Published: May 2022

Background

Volume measurements of fetal cisterna magna (CM) by three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography may have a role in the diagnosis of various posterior fossa abnormalities.

Purpose

To evaluate reference intervals and reliability of fetal CM volume values by virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) in structurally normal fetuses, considering experience of evaluators.

Material and Methods

Three operators with different 3D sonography experience levels measured CM volumes of 100 structurally normal fetuses at 18–27 weeks of gestation. Reference intervals for CM volumes were generated. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated.

Results

Mean fetal CM volume measurements by the three operators did not significantly ( P = 0.49, P = 0.22, and P = 0.17, respectively) change through 20–23 weeks of gestation. Moderate degrees of inter-observer reliability were found with an ICC of 0.69 between novice and intermediate-level, ICC of 0.74 between experienced and intermediate-level, and ICC of 0.78 between experienced and novice observer, respectively. The novice sonographer generally overestimated CM measurements. Intra-observer reliability was good (ICC=0.85).

Conclusion

A reference chart for fetal CM volume by VOCAL was formed, revealing uniform mean values of 20–23 weeks of gestation. The inter-observer reliability is moderate, and biases seem relatively common for all experience categories.
Reduced SARS-CoV-2 disease outcomes in Syrian hamsters receiving immune sera: Quantitative image analysis in pathologic assessments
Authors: Piedra-Mora Cesar , Robinson Sally R. , Tostanoski Lisa H. , Dayao Denise A. E. , Chandrashekar Abishek , Bauer Katherine , Wrijil Linda , Ducat Sarah , Hayes Tammy , Yu Jingyou , Bondzie Esther A. , McMahan Katherine , Sellers Daniel , Giffin Victoria , Hope David , Nampanya Felix , Mercado Noe B. , Kar Swagata , Andersen Hanne , Tzipori Saul , Barouch Dan H. , Martinot Amanda J.
Published: May 2022

There is a need to standardize pathologic endpoints in animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection to help benchmark study quality, improve cross-institutional comparison of data, and assess therapeutic efficacy so that potential drugs and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 can rapidly advance. The Syrian hamster model is a tractable small animal model for COVID-19 that models clinical disease in humans. Using the hamster model, the authors used traditional pathologic assessment with quantitative image analysis to assess disease outcomes in hamsters administered polyclonal immune sera from previously challenged rhesus macaques. The authors then used quantitative image analysis to assess pathologic endpoints across studies performed at different institutions using different tissue processing protocols. The authors detail pathological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection longitudinally and use immunohistochemistry to quantify myeloid cells and T lymphocyte infiltrates during SARS-CoV-2 infection. High-dose immune sera protected hamsters from weight loss and diminished viral replication in tissues and reduced lung lesions. Cumulative pathology scoring correlated with weight loss and was robust in distinguishing IgG efficacy. In formalin-infused lungs, quantitative measurement of percent area affected also correlated with weight loss but was less robust in non-formalin-infused lungs. Longitudinal immunohistochemical assessment of interstitial macrophage infiltrates showed that peak infiltration corresponded to weight loss, yet quantitative assessment of macrophage, neutrophil, and CD3+ T lymphocyte numbers did not distinguish IgG treatment effects. Here, the authors show that quantitative image analysis was a useful adjunct tool for assessing SARS-CoV-2 treatment outcomes in the hamster model.
Paratransit Shared-Ride Capacity Design With Infectious Disease Contact Exposure
Authors: Scalise Patrick , Chow Joseph Y. J.
Published: May 2022

The coronavirus pandemic changed paratransit service dramatically, with most operators eliminating shared rides to halt disease transmission. This paper applies an estimate of disease contact exposure to actual data from New York City’s Access-A-Ride (AAR) paratransit system. Scenario analyses performed using insertion heuristic trip construction showed that eliminating rideshare on the AAR system increased operating miles by 70%. We also showed contact exposure can be significantly limited (by ∼50% to 60%) by reducing vehicle capacity from 4 to 2 passengers. Manipulating the maximum ride time factor also showed the potential to reduce contact exposure, with a 50% increase of the ratio from 2 to 3 leading to a 40% increase in contact exposure. Contact exposure was relatively insensitive to changes in the maximum wait time policy.
Probabilistic Service Life Model of Pavement Marking by Degradation Data
Authors: Mazzoni Laura Nascimento , Ho Linda Lee , Vasconcelos Kamilla Lima , Bernucci Liedi L. B.
Published: May 2022

Pavement markings are important features for improving road safety. As these markings must possess adequate retroreflectivity, road agencies are concerned about retroreflectivity maintenance. Consequently there is an increased focus on modeling the durability of pavement markings. Such models use time-to-failure data from life test experiments. The current study proposes a new method that consists of three steps: (i) designing an accelerated experiment for data collection; (ii) fitting a pavement marking retroreflectivity model using a generalized linear mixed model and the degradation data from the planned experiment, confirming the goodness of fit of the fitted model through the residual analysis; and (iii) conducting Monte Carlo simulation (with at least 10,000 runs of simulated vectors of the fitted model’s coefficients) to obtain the pavement marking service life distribution for a failure retroreflectivity threshold level. The simulation of service life of pavement marking provides relevant information, such as service life expectation and empirical quantities of interest (as median). The proposed method is applied to data on retroreflectivity degradation obtained from an experimental test site, a Brazilian highway with a high traffic volume, with two fixed factors (waterborne paints and glass bead application rates, both with three levels). The model indicates that retroreflectivity decreases at an average rate of 2% per day, and how materials differ from each other. The proposed model is easily implementable and can help management teams to adequately plan the maintenance time for pavement markings.
Development of a Fatigue Damage Model for Roller Compacted Concrete Pavement Based on In Situ Saw-Cut Beams and Accelerated Pavement Performance
Authors: Mahdi Moinul , Golam Sobhani Md , Wu Zhong , Liu Yilong , Xie Zhaoxing
Published: May 2022

As a durable, economical, and low-maintenance concrete material, roller compacted concrete (RCC) is steadily becoming the preferred choice for many pavement applications. However, the fatigue models in current pavement thickness design procedures have generally been found to over-predict the RCC pavement fatigue damage under in situ heavy truck loading. In this study, a comprehensive beam fatigue test experiment was performed using field saw-cut RCC slab samples from two full-scale accelerated pavement testing (APT) sections to investigate the fatigue behavior of in situ RCC pavements. This is the first research study to investigate the fatigue behavior of field RCC beam samples prepared and constructed with a high-density asphalt-type paver and a vibratory roller. The results indicate that a well-compacted RCC pavement can achieve higher flexural strength and exhibit better fatigue life than conventional concrete pavement. Based on the beam fatigue test results and in situ fatigue performance of APT test sections, an RCC fatigue-life model was developed, providing a more accurate solution for estimating the allowable number of load repetitions of RCC pavements subjected to vehicular fatigue loading. This model could be used in RCC thickness design procedures to determine the optimum RCC design thickness and long-term fatigue performance of RCC pavements for roadway application.
A “Clear and Conspicuous” Distraction: Coping with Incongruent Audiovisual Content in Direct-to-Consumer Advertisements
Authors: King Jesse , Yencha Christopher , Koppenhafer Leslie , Madrigal Robert
Published: May 2022

Direct-to-consumer television advertisements for pharmaceutical medications must include a major statement disclosing the drug's most important risks and side effects. However, advertisers often pair incongruent positive visual imagery with risk information presented auditorily. Incongruence violates a principle of effective communication because it distracts from information processing. Across three studies, the authors consider how audiovisual incongruity biases perceptions of an advertised drug's risks and benefits. Using moment-to-moment measurement, Study 1 reveals that the rate of change in risk perceptions increases (i.e., accelerates) immediately after the flow of positive imagery is interrupted by a scene change during the major statement, but no such effect is observed for the advertisement in its entirety. Using post hoc measures, the latter two studies support these results. Studies 2 and 3 demonstrate that auditory risk disclosures may be enhanced by replacing distracting imagery with congruent, reinforcing text (Study 2) or by educating consumers about how distracting imagery is used as a distraction tactic (Study 3). Implications for advertising theory and recommendations for policy makers are discussed.
Exploring COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Amongst Black Americans: Contributing Factors and Motivators
Authors: Sekimitsu Sayuri , Simon Jessica , Lindsley Mika Matsuuchi , Jones Melissa , Jalloh Umin , Mabogunje Titilayo , Kerr Jordyn , Willingham Mikayla , Ndousse-Fetter Sula Bahiyyih , White-Hammond Gloria , Altman Wayne
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To determine reasons for hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccination and motivators to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Black Americans.

Design

Mixed-methods.

Setting

Individual interviews in March-April 2021

Participants

Black adults (20-79 years) who attended a church in Boston, MA and identified as “vaccine hesitant” (n = 18).

Methods

Individual in-depth Zoom interviews to elicit participant views on vaccines in general, specific reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and trusted sources of information. Participants were also asked about possible motivators that could increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Transcripts were de-identified and analyzed for major themes using an inductive approach.

Results

Analysis included 18 complete interviews. Lack of trust in the government, healthcare, or pharmaceutical companies (n = 18), rushed development (n = 14), fear of side effects (n = 12), history of medical mistreatment (n = 12), and a perception of low risk of disease (n = 9) were the top-cited reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Motivators likely to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake included more data (n = 17), friends and family getting vaccinated (not celebrities) (n = 11), and increased opportunities that come along with being vaccinated (n = 8).

Conclusion

There were many reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, as reported by participants who were all Black Americans in the Boston area. The public health challenge of increasing vaccine uptake in the Black community is nuanced and intervention efforts may be more successful if delivered by trusted members of the community and tailored to the needs of individuals.