bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcium signaling triggers early high humidity responses in
Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hussain Saad , Suda Hiraku , Nguyen Christine H. , Yan Dawei , Toyota Masatsugu , Yoshioka Keiko , Nambara Eiji
Published: December 2024

Plants need to adapt to fluctuating atmospheric humidity and respond to both high and low humidity. Despite our substantial understanding of plant responses to low humidity, molecular mechanisms underlying the high humidity (HH) response are much less well understood. In this study, we investigated early responses to HH in
Arabidopsis
. Expression of
CYP707A3
, encoding an abscisic acid (ABA) 8′-hydroxylase, is induced by HH within 10 min, which leads to a decrease in foliar ABA level. We identified that the combined action of CAMTA3 and CAMTA2 transcription factors regulate this response. This regulation requires a calmodulin (CaM)-binding domain of CAMTA3. Transcriptomes of HH-regulated genes are enriched in those related to calcium signaling, including cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs). Moreover, HH induces CNGC2- and CNGC4-mediated increases in cytosolic Ca
2+
concentrations in leaves within a few minutes. We also found that CNGC2, CNGC4, and CAMTAs participate in HH-induced hyponastic movement of petioles. Taken together, our results indicate that CNGC2/CNGC4-Ca
2+
-CaM-CAMTA3/CAMTA2 acts as a primary regulatory module to trigger downstream HH responses.
Pulley and block with massive rope, sliding friction, and fluid drag
Authors: Lipscombe Trevor C , Mungan Carl E
Published: December 2024

Newton’s second laws for translations and rotations are combined to describe the motion of a box sliding down an inclined plane that is tethered by a rope having a uniform linear mass density to a pulley. In addition, the box is subject to quadratic drag from the surrounding gas or liquid through which it moves. A variety of special cases are treated, including an anchor and chain dropped vertically into water, an untethered box descending a ramp in the presence of kinetic friction and air resistance, and a drag-free Atwood-type machine having a massive rope and pulley connected to a single block sliding along a rough incline. The purpose of the article is pedagogical, demonstrating how to apply Newton’s second law to these kinds of variable-mass problems involving both rotations and translations. The level of presentation is suitable for an introductory calculus-based course in physics.
Coherence effects in LIPSS formation on silicon wafers upon picosecond laser pulse irradiations
Authors: Mirza Inam , Sládek Juraj , Levy Yoann , Bulgakov Alexander V , Dimitriou Vasilis , Papadaki Helen , Kaselouris Evaggelos , Gečys Paulius , Račiukaitis Gediminas , Bulgakova Nadezhda M
Published: December 2024

Using different laser irradiation patterns to modify the silicon surface, it has been demonstrated that, at rather small overlapping between irradiation spots, highly regular laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) can be produced already starting from the second laser pulse, provided that polarization direction coincides with the scanning direction. If the laser irradiation spot is shifted from the previous one perpendicular to light polarization, LIPSS are not formed even after many pulses. This coherence effect is explained by a three-wave interference, involving surface electromagnetic waves (SEWs) generated within the irradiated spot, SEWs scattered from the crater edge formed by the previous laser pulse, and the incoming laser pulse, that provides conditions for amplification of the periodic light-absorption pattern. To study possible consequences of SEW scattering from the laser-modified regions, where the refractive index can change due to material melting, amorphization, and the residual stress formed by previous laser pulses, hydrodynamic modelling and simulations have been performed within the melting regime. The simulations show that stress and vertical displacement could be amplified upon laser scanning. Both mechanisms, three-wave interference and stress accumulation, could enable an additional degree of controlling surface structuring.
Engineering skyrmion from spin spiral in transition metal multilayers
Authors: Sadhukhan Banasree
Published: December 2024

Skyrmions having topologically protected field configurations with particle-like properties play an important role in various fields of science. Our present study focus on the generation of skyrmion from spin spiral in the magnetic multilayers of 4d/Fe/Ir(111) with 4d = Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh. Here we investigate the impact of 4d transition metals on the isotropic Heisenberg exchanges and anti-symmetric Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions originating from the broken inversion symmetry at the interface of 4d/Fe/Ir(111) multilayers. We find a strong exchange frustration due to the hybridization of the Fe-3d layer with both 4d and Ir-5d layers which modifies due to band filling effects of the 4d transition metals. We strengthen the analysis of exchange frustration by shedding light on the orbital decomposition of isotropic exchange interactions of Fe-3d orbitals. Our spin dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the magnetic ground state of 4d/Fe/Ir(111) transition multilayers is a spin spiral in the ab-plane with a period of 1 to 2.5 nm generated by magnetic moments of Fe atoms and propagating along the a-direction. The spiral wavelengths in Y/Fe/Ir(111) are much larger compared to Rh/Fe/Ir(111). In order to manipulate the skyrmion phase in 4d/Fe/Ir(111), we investigate the magnetic ground state of 4d/Fe/Ir(111) transition multilayers with different external magnetic field. An increasing external magnetic field of ∼12 T is responsible for deforming the spin spiral into a isolated skyrmion which flips into skyrmion lattice phase around ∼18 T in Rh/Fe/Ir(111). Our study predict that the stability of magnetic skyrmion phase in Rh/Fe/Ir(111) against thermal fluctuations is upto temperature T

⩽
90

 K.
Single visual model based on transformer for digital instrument reading recognition
Authors: Li Xiang , Zeng Changchang , Yao Yong , Zhang Sen , Zhang Haiding , Yang Suixian
Published: December 2024

Digital instrument reading recognition (DIRR) technology is crucial for industrial digital transformation and the advancement of industrialisation. However, digital instruments differ in character fonts, styles, spacing, and aspect ratios, as well as the scarcity of data pose significant challenges to current recognition technologies. To address these challenges, this study proposed a novel single visual model based on transformer for digital instrument recognition (SVDIR). The SVDIR model primarily comprised a scaled cosine attention mechanism (SC-attention) and a local Transformer block. First, the SC-attention was designed to calculate the cosine similarity of two image patches. It rendered the attention calculation independent of the input amplitude and produced milder attention weights to alleviate overconcentration issues. Second, a local Transformer block module was proposed for extracting the internal stroke features and dependencies between character components. Fine-grained characteristic features were obtained using this method. In addition, a post-norm structure was introduced into the local Transformer block module to reduce the accumulation of activation values following the deepening of the network. Finally, experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model on two digital instrument datasets.
Construction and synthesis of NiCo2O4 nanozyme for enhanced antibacterial performance
Authors: Zhang Luchen , Wang Shuanglong , Fang Ainong , Hu Pengcheng , Zhao Yanhui , Sun Xiaona , Lan Xiaopeng , Liu Yuan , Liu Chunzhao , Liu Chunlei
Published: December 2024

Developing effective and low-cost enzyme-like nanomaterials to kill bacteria is vital for human health. Herein, nanorod-assembled NiCo2O4 microspheres were prepared though a facile hydrothermal method, andshowed highly enhanced peroxidase-like activity compared to pure Co3O4 due to its large surface area and abundant active sites. The NiCo2O4 possess the ability to catalyze H2O2 to generate large amounts of •O2−, which can be used for bacteriostatic applications. In particular, the antibacterial system combining the spiky NiCo2O4 particles and a low concentration of H2O2 (100 μM) exhibits an excellent bacteriostatic efficiency against both Escherichia coli (94.44%) and Staphylococcus aureus (93.45%).
MRgRT real-time target localization using foundation models for contour point tracking and promptable mask refinement
Authors: Blöcker Tom , Lombardo Elia , Marschner Sebastian N , Belka Claus , Corradini Stefanie , Palacios Miguel A , Riboldi Marco , Kurz Christopher , Landry Guillaume
Published: December 2024

Objective. This study aimed to evaluate two real-time target tracking approaches for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) based on foundation artificial intelligence models. Approach. The first approach used a point-tracking model that propagates points from a reference contour. The second approach used a video-object-segmentation model, based on segment anything model 2 (SAM2). Both approaches were evaluated and compared against each other, inter-observer variability, and a transformer-based image registration model, TransMorph, with and without patient-specific (PS) fine-tuning. The evaluation was carried out on 2D cine MRI datasets from two institutions, containing scans from 33 patients with 8060 labeled frames, with annotations from 2 to 5 observers per frame, totaling 29179 ground truth segmentations. The segmentations produced were assessed using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), 50% and 95% Hausdorff distances (HD50 / HD95), and the Euclidean center distance (ECD). Main results. The results showed that the contour tracking (median DSC

0.92
±
0.04

and ECD

1.9
±
1.0

 mm) and SAM2-based (median DSC

0.93
±
0.03

and ECD

1.6
±
1.1

 mm) approaches produced target segmentations comparable or superior to TransMorph w/o PS fine-tuning (median DSC

0.91
±
0.07

and ECD

2.6
±
1.4

 mm) and slightly inferior to TransMorph w/ PS fine-tuning (median DSC

0.94
±
0.03

and ECD

1.4
±
0.8

 mm). Between the two novel approaches, the one based on SAM2 performed marginally better at a higher computational cost (inference times 92 ms for contour tracking and 109 ms for SAM2). Both approaches and TransMorph w/ PS fine-tuning exceeded inter-observer variability (median DSC

0.90
±
0.06

and ECD

1.7
±
0.7

 mm). Significance. This study demonstrates the potential of foundation models to achieve high-quality real-time target tracking in MRgRT, offering performance that matches state-of-the-art methods without requiring PS fine-tuning.
Longitudinal interpretability of deep learning based breast cancer risk prediction
Authors: Klanecek Zan , Wang Yao-Kuan , Wagner Tobias , Cockmartin Lesley , Marshall Nicholas , Schott Brayden , Deatsch Ali , Studen Andrej , Jarm Katja , Krajc Mateja , Vrhovec Miloš , Bosmans Hilde , Jeraj Robert
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective. Deep-learning-based models have achieved state-of-the-art breast cancer risk (BCR) prediction performance. However, these models are highly complex, and the underlying mechanisms of BCR prediction are not fully understood. Key questions include whether these models can detect breast morphologic changes that lead to cancer. These findings would boost confidence in utilizing BCR models in practice and provide clinicians with new perspectives. In this work, we aimed to determine when oncogenic processes in the breast provide sufficient signal for the models to detect these changes. Approach. In total, 1210 screening mammograms were collected for patients screened at different times before the cancer was screen-detected and 2400 mammograms for patients with at least ten years of follow-up. MIRAI, a BCR risk prediction model, was used to estimate the BCR. Attribution heterogeneity was defined as the relative difference between the attributions obtained from the right and left breasts using one of the eight interpretability techniques. Model reliance on the side of the breast with cancer was quantified with AUC. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to check for significant differences in median absolute Attribution Heterogeneity between cancer patients and healthy individuals. Results. All tested attribution methods showed a similar longitudinal trend, where the model reliance on the side of the breast with cancer was the highest for the 0–1 years-to-cancer interval (AUC = 0.85–0.95), dropped for the 1–3 years-to-cancer interval (AUC = 0.64–0.71), and remained above the threshold for random performance for the 3–5 years-to-cancer interval (AUC = 0.51–0.58). For all eight attribution methods, the median values of absolute attribution heterogeneity were significantly larger for patients diagnosed with cancer at one point (p < 0.01). Significance. Interpretability of BCR prediction has revealed that long-term predictions (beyond three years) are most likely based on typical breast characteristics, such as breast density; for mid-term predictions (one to three years), the model appears to detect early signs of tumor development, while for short-term predictions (up to a year), the BCR model essentially functions as a breast cancer detection model.
A tunable conical helical spring acoustic metamaterial for complex and harsh environments
Authors: Zhang Yongyan , Li Biao , Wu Xiaofeng , Shen Tujun , Wu Jiuhui , Miao Xiangjie , Zhao Zebo , Chen Liming , Liu Hui
Published: December 2024

Traditional local resonance (LR) structures can control low-frequency elastic waves, but they still face significant challenges in complex and harsh engineering applications. Due to the complexity of boundary conditions and vibration modes in harsh environments, a high degree of flexibility in vibration isolation structures is required. Fortunately, helical acoustic metamaterials offer such advantages. This paper proposes a tunable conical helical spring (TCHS: a combination of multiple unequal pitches and radii) acoustic metamaterial, which can effectively control elastic waves and vibrations in complex and harsh environments. The mechanisms underlying the generation of bending vibration band gaps were analyzed using the finite element method (FEM). This analysis included examining the transmission spectra, eigenmodes, and displacement vector fields of the LR structure. By adjusting geometric parameters such as the pitch and radius of the conical helical spring, low-frequency band gaps between 34–43 Hz and 45–122 Hz were successfully achieved. Most importantly, the vibration characteristics of the phononic crystal plate were studied under various boundary conditions (bilateral fixed, unilateral fixed, and free constraints) as well as loading conditions (point load and edge load). The results demonstrate that the decay positions observed in the transmission spectra under different conditions were highly consistent with the energy band positions. Therefore, the structure offers potential applications in the field of vibration and noise control in complex and harsh environments.
Enhancing and modifying the optical, magnetic, and electrical features of PVA&PVP; composite filled with ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles for magneto-optical applications
Authors: Al-Balawi Sara A , Farea Mohammed
Published: December 2024

This research employed a sol–gel method to synthesize zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4 NPs). These nanoparticles were then dispersed within a blend of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) (with a weight ratio of 50:50) to fabricate polymer nanocomposite samples (PNCSs) via a solution casting technique. The XRD patterns suggest significant structural alterations in the nanocomposite compared to the pure polymer blend, which is evident in changes in crystallinity and cluster size (D). At the same time, the atomic arrangement within the material remains unaffected (d spacing). The FTIR absorption spectra were analyzed to assess the miscibility of PVA and PVP, as well as their interactions with the ZnFe2O4 NPs. The presence of characteristic peaks for both polymers without significant shifting suggested good miscibility. The optical bandgap of the nanocomposite samples decreases from 4.79 to 3.16 eV, and the absorption edge gradually shifts toward longer wavelengths with the addition of ZnFe2O4 NPs. Thermal analysis using TGA was also conducted to investigate how the samples decompose with increasing temperature. Coats-Redfern and Broido models were also used to study the activation energy. The magnetic properties of the PVA/PVP-ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites were assessed using the VSM technique at room temperature, revealing ferromagnetic behavior with a significant increase in saturation magnetization (Ms), remanent magnetization (Mr), and loop area (La) as the ZnFe2O4 content increased. Across the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 10 MHz, the PVA/PVP-ZnFe2O4 NP samples exhibited significantly improved electrical conductivity and dielectric properties. In addition, the dielectric properties and electric modulus of these PNCSs were studied, where the ZnFe2O4 NPs successfully improved the host matrix’s capacity for storing energy. As a result, these interesting physicochemical characteristics show how well these PNCSs are suited for use in flexible-type micro- and optoelectronic methods, such as nanodielectric substrates, light diffusers, bandgap regulators, photosensors, and UV shielders.
Experimental study and investigation of energy absorption and crashworthiness in thin-walled square tubes with elliptical surface defects
Authors: Ghiaskar Ahmad , Taghipoor Hossein
Published: December 2024

Today, the impact phenomenon is of particular importance. The Axial drop impact test can be used in various industries such as aviation, shipbuilding, automobile, railway, and elevators. In this research, the behavior of thin-walled energy absorbers with a square cross-section and the creation of elliptical defects on the side surfaces have been subjected to the impact test of a weight falling at a low speed. The influence of small and large oval diameters on collapse behavior and energy absorption has been investigated. It is worth mentioning that all samples are made of 1100 series aluminum. The results showed that as the large side of the rhombus increases, the initial maximum force decreases. On the other hand, energy absorption increases, which is desirable as an energy absorber, and up to 18% improvement in the absorber’s performance is created. Also, from the results of the experimental tests, it was found that with the increase of the small side of the oval from 3 to 5 mm, the initial maximum force decreases by 7%.
Utilization of a smart TiCo alloy for pressure-induced hydrogen storage
Authors: Mubarak A A , Tariq Saad
Published: December 2024

One of the most important challenges facing countries is providing cheap energy and renewable sources. Therefore, a smart alloy will be proposed for hydrogen storage due to its ability to expand and contract without breaking and being little affected by heat. In this investigation, the first performance principle is applied to examine the effect and utility of hydrogen absorption in smart TiCo alloy. The hydrogen atoms absorbed at the bridge (TiCoH3-B), face-centered cubic (TiCoH3) and tetrahedral interstitial (TiCoH8) sites in TiCo alloy were studied. The elastic constants, enthalpy of formation energy, and tolerance factors show that TiCoH3 and TiCoH8 are stable alloys and can be formed, while TiCoH3-B is not elastically stable. Cohesive energy shows that increasing induced pressure and hydrogen absorption reduces the stiffness of TiCoH3 and TiCoH8, without alloy collapse. The gravimetric storage capacity of CoTiH3 and TiCoH8 is found to be large enough to be suitable as alloys for hydrogen storage. Pugh’s B/G ratio, and anisotropy factor assume that TiCo with or without hydrogen atoms is classified as a ductile and anisotropic alloy, with except for TiCoH8 has brittle behavior up to 40 GPa. The bonding nature of TiCoH3 alloy has a mixture of covalent (Co–H) and ionic bond (CoH6–Ti). In contrast, TiCoH8 exhibits a covalent bond in the form of Ti–H–Co. Hydrogen absorption and induced pressure encourage electrons to rearrange into the spin up and down channels resulting in a decrease in the overall magnetic moment of the alloy. The mechanical, electronic, and magnetic properties show promise for industrial applications of these alloys, such as piezoelectric and hydrogen storage, and spin and magnetoelectronic manufacturing.
A LE-controlled 4D non-degenerate hyperchaotic system and STP-CS model based efficient image encryption algorithm
Authors: Long Guoqiang , Verma Vivek , Jiang Donghua , Yang Yuguang , Ahmad Musheer
Published: December 2024

Restricted by the environment and hardware equipment resources, existing chaotic systems have shortcomings such as low complexity, low randomness, and chaotic degradation phenomena, which in turn cause the security risks of chaotic image encryption algorithms. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a method for the construction of a LE-controlled four-dimensional (4D) non-degenerate discrete chaotic system. Numerical analysis has demonstrated that the developed system possess high complexity and unpredictability. Based on the developed chaotic system, an image compression encryption algorithm is proposed. Wherein, semi-tensor product compressed sensing is applied to allow data compression sampling in different dimensions resulting in reducing the data transfer load and storage cost. Subsequently, the positions and values of the image pixels are secretly altered during the algorithmic encryption process using two-dimensional cat confusion and finite field diffusion. The simulation results show that the proposed encryption algorithm effective enough to offer great encryption quality. The performance comparison analysis indicates that the proposed encryption algorithm has good furnishes better security, compression, as well as resistance to diverse data attacks.
Electrical properties of separated zigzag graphene nanoribbon devices with methyl chain adsorption
Authors: Deng Yayu , Shao Qingyi , Zhu Kaigui
Published: December 2024

Zigzag graphene nanoribbon demonstrates significant capabilities in electronic transport, and the separation of graphene nanoribbons through the adsorption of atoms or groups holds considerable research value. In this work, we employed density functional theory combined with the non-equilibrium Green’s function method to investigate the structure and electronic properties of graphene nanoribbons with methyl adsorption and hydrogen chain adsorption. Firstly, based on the figures of local device density of states and transmission pathways , the region where methyl is adsorbed forms a bonding state between the methyl group and carbon atoms. This bonding state restricts the migration of π-electrons within the nanoribbon, achieving a more stable separation effect. Additionally, analyses of I-V curves, band structure diagrams, and transmission pathways reveal that the edge effects of zigzag graphene nanoribbon exhibit different behaviors in two molecular separation devices. The methyl chain separator demonstrated the most favorable performance, with little difference in electron transfer between the edge and the interior. Finally, methyl adsorption is obviously superior to hydrogen chain adsorption in terms of separation and reduction of scattering effect.
Six band metamaterial absorber designed on twisted square and swastika-shaped resonator for S, C, X, and Ku band frequency and sensing applications
Authors: Ranjan Shashi Kumar , Sahoo Swagatadeb
Published: December 2024

A twisted square split ring and swastika resonator (TSSRSR) based six-band polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber (MMA) with high effective medium ratio (EMR), and excellent absorption is proposed in this study. It can be utilized as an S, C, X, and Ku band frequency absorber and as a sensor at 6.38 GHz (C-band). A swastika geometry-based unique patch has been introduced in the proposed unit cell to achieve high polarization insensitive properties with excellent absorption of 90%, 96.5%, 91.7%, 90.7%, 95.6%, and 91.7% respectively under S, C, X, and Ku band frequency spectrum. The distinctive features of this proposed TSSRSR unit cell are its simple, unique structure with a high EMR value of 8.06, and polarization-insensitive up to 90∘ at 3.72, 6.38, 10.76, 15.28, 18.84, and 21.08 GHz respectively. The designed MMA unit cell is fabricated on a loss FR-4 dielectric substrate with an electrical dimension of 0.124λ
0 × 0.124λ
0 × 0.157λ
0. The angular insensitive properties of the unit cell were also investigated for a maximum angle of 90∘ for TE and TM mode. Moreover, the unit cell and array structure performance exhibits a maximum absorption of  > 90%, suitable for sensing and antenna systems. The simulated outcome is verified by experiment with excellent accordance. The suggested MMA is very attractive for refractive index sensing applications due to several features, including its low profile, excellent angular stability, polarization insensitivity, sensitivity, quality factor (Q), figure of merit (FOM), and EMR value.
Elastic constant analysis of orthotropic steel sheets using multitask machine learning and the impulse excitation technique
Authors: Li Ze , Alkhayyat Ahmad , Yadav Anupam , Samavatian Majid , Samavatian Vahid
Published: December 2024

This work presents a novel multitask learning approach featuring a dual convolutional neural network (CNN) system for determining the elastic constants of orthotropic rolled steel sheets. In the proposed model, resonance frequency spectra from the impulse excitation technique are converted into 2D image data. The first CNN focuses on detecting and predicting missing peak intensities, while the second CNN utilizes features from the entire spectrum image to predict elastic constants, including E11, E22, and G12. The input features include raw pixel data alongside three key categories for enhanced analysis: image-based features (such as the mean, median, mode, and skewness of pixel intensity distributions), spatial relations (including spatial frequency, pixel intensity correlations, and local contrast), and geometric features (such as shape descriptors and pixel connectivity). The results reveal that the optimal number of peaks (14), image resolution (121 pixels), and sample size (20 × 20 × 0.3 cm) maximize the model’s efficiency. Under these conditions, the model achieves R2 values of 0.952, 0.902, and 0.913, and RMSE values of 1.89 GPa, 3.09 GPa, and 1.92 GPa for E11, E22, and G12, respectively. It is suggested that the superior prediction accuracy for E11 is attributed to the stability of the Young’s modulus along the rolling direction, which is less variable in orthotropic materials. Furthermore, the study finds a dependency between input weight functions—including image-based features, spatial relations, and geometric features—as the material’s anisotropy changes, underscoring the importance of accounting for process variability in predictive modeling.
Exact and soliton solutions of nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics using the generalized (G′/ G)-expansion approach
Authors: Kazi Sazzad Hossain A K M , Islam M Kamrul , Akter Halida , Akbar M Ali
Published: December 2024

The nonlinear evolution equations play a significant role in applied mathematics, including ordinary and partial differential equations, which are frequently used in many disciplines of applied sciences. The Klein–Gordon equation, a second-order equation in both space and time, is closely related to the Schrödinger equation and describes the behavior of spinless particles in theoretical physics. The equation is utilized extensively in many areas related to modern physics, including astrophysics, cosmology, and the theory of classic mechanics. The uKdV equation is suitable for use in various fields, including fluid dynamics, oceanography, and optical solitons research. It is useful for simulating events with wave-like characteristics and soliton dynamics, which contributes to the theoretical development of mathematical physics. This article addresses the exact and soliton solutions of nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics and engineering using the new generalized

(
G
′
/
G
)

-expansion approach. We examine a large number of soliton solutions, including kink-shaped, singular-kink, single soliton, singular-soliton, periodic, and others. To better understand the characteristics of the solutions, some three-dimensional plots are set up for visualization. It has been demonstrated that the suggested approaches are more attractive as well as effective for getting single solutions to nonlinear evolution equations.
Advancing Offshore Wind Farm Site Assessments in Guangxi using Single-Channel Seismic Method
Authors: Wei Min P , Yi Gen W , Song Chuan X , Hu B , Zhang Y , Li Zheng S , Xiao Li J
Published: December 2024

This study explores the application of the single-channel seismic (SCS) method for offshore wind farm site assessments in China’s Beibu Gulf region, addressing the limitations of traditional drilling through an innovative data processing workflow. Given the increasing global demand for renewable energy and China’s leadership in offshore wind capacity, there’s a significant push towards exploiting the Beibu Gulf’s wind resources. However, the area’s complex geological challenges, such as thick sand layers and significant stratification differences, necessitate advanced exploration techniques. This research introduces a tailored data processing workflow comprising signal-to-noise ratio enhancement, swell correction, multiple wave suppression, amplitude compensation, and layer identification. This approach aims to reduce exploration costs, minimize environmental impacts, and support the strategic expansion of offshore wind energy in geologically challenging environments. The findings indicate a promising avenue for enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of offshore wind farm site assessments, contributing to the sustainable development of renewable energy resources.
An application of gravity anomaly edge identification method to division of tectonic units in the overburden of Inggen-Ejin basin
Authors: Guo Changan , Chen Xiaoqiang , Wang Kunpeng , Chen Chutong , Wang Bin , Hongying AN
Published: December 2024

To enhance the support for the construction of ecological civilization and high-quality economic and social development, it is imperative to extend geological studies from bedrock areas to covered areas, particularly focusing on basin-mountain combination zones. The Inggen-Ejin basin, a representative covered area, is crucial for investigating water prospects in concealed regions, understanding basin base properties, and analyzing basin-mountain tectonic relationships. A comparative analysis of various boundary recognition techniques was conducted using 1:250,000 regional gravity data. This approach facilitated the comparison of different methods’ characteristics and identified an appropriate recognition technique for the area. The processing results were validated against existing geological data, enabling the identification and extraction of fault structures within the study area. Ultimately, this research determined the location and strike of deep and large faults, and delineated Mesozoic tectonic units.
Analysis of difficulties in reflection seismic data processing in the shallow-surface igneous rich areas and suggestions
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Wang Tong , Liu Yanli , Guo Yingyu
Published: December 2024

The seismic geological conditions in shallow-surface igneous rich areas are poor, resulting in complex original data wave fields and low signal-to-noise ratios, making seismic processing challenging. Although the research at home and abroad has made some progress over the years, the seismic imaging in this area is still poor, which affects the effect of seismic exploration. This paper analyzes the main factors influencing processing imaging, further examines the signal-to-noise ratio and static correction, and proposes targeted processing strategies and suggestions for data acquisition.
The study on vibrator seismic data acquisition and processing for sandstone type uranium prospecting in Erlian Basin
Authors: Pan Ziqiang , Qiao Baoping , Huang Weichuan
Published: December 2024

Seismic exploration technique has been widely used in sandstone-type uranium exploration in recent years. Aiming to the demands of sandstone type uranium prospecting in Erlian Basin, seismic geometry parameters are designed, and excitation parameters of high-precision vibrator are proved by field test. High quality raw seismic data are obtained. According to characteristics of vibrator seismic data, crucial data processing method and techniques are researched. The main processing techniques include tomographic static correction, pre-stack combination de-noising in different domain, surface consistent prediction deconvolution, surface consistent amplitude compensation, velocity analysis and residual static correction. The reasonable stack velocity model is established, and the stack section which has high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained. the stack velocity model is built as initial migration velocity model. After multiple iteration of migration velocity analysis and pre-stack Kirchhoff time migration, the underground target geological structure is reasonable imaged, and the true subsurface stratum distributing feature is obtained. Finally, the reasonable vibrator seismic data acquisition and processing techniques are built. The ultimate seismic section which has high resolution, clear wave group, reasonable stratum distribution feature is obtained, besides, the section provides reliable basis for subsequent seismic inversion, interpretation and favorable ore-forming sandstone prediction.
Surface wave imaging with stationary-phase noise sources based on ultrashort traffic-induced data: An application in karst cave detection
Authors: Ning Ling , Dai Tianyu , Liu Ya , Zhang Hao , Xi Chaoqiang
Published: December 2024

In urban environments, abundant traffic-induced noise data are analyzed through crosscorrelation to retrieve high-frequency (> 1 Hz) surface waves, providing a cost-effective technique for detecting near-surface structures. The isotropic noise source distribution is an essential prerequisite for the correct reconstruction of the Green’s function. The azimuth of traffic noise sources, however, can change with human activities in highly populated urban areas, resulting in non-random distributions in time and space. Due to the uneven distribution of traffic noise sources, spurious signals are generated in the noise crosscorrelation functions and phase velocities calculated from the retrieved surface waves are overestimated, leading to incorrect S-wave velocity profiles. By analyzing the noise source distribution of each segment, we selected the stationary-phase segments to improve the retrieval of surface waves. We processed approximately one-day ultrashort continuous recordings to obtain virtual shot gathers with larger multichannel-coherency coefficients and dispersion images with more surface-wave dispersion data. S-wave velocity profiles for different arrays, including a 3D S-wave velocity model, were produced by inverting the surface-wave dispersion data to reveal the distribution of karst caves beneath the surface. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the strategy of the stationary-phase segment selection and the great potential of traffic-induced surface waves in monitoring subsurface changes in urban areas.
Comparative analysis of distributed acoustic sensing responses across different optical fiber types for engineering geological exploration
Authors: Li Zhongzhi , Liu Bin , Fang Gang , Cao Hongyi , Zhao Yang , Chen Lei
Published: December 2024

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) has emerged as a revolutionary technology in seismic exploration, offering a novel approach to data acquisition. Despite its widespread adoption, the deployment of DAS in surface engineering exploration faces significant challenges, particularly concerning signal-to-noise ratio limitations and spatial resolution constraints. We conduct a comparative analysis of DAS responses using various types of optical fibers commonly employed for sensing purposes. We evaluate fibers of type A (tight-buffered fiber and strain-sensitive fiber) and type B (communication optical fiber, loose tube optical fiber, and temperature measurement optical fiber), as well as fibers in a helical configuration with different armoring materials. The deployment of optical fibers for this comparison includes both surface layouts and borehole integrations. Conventional geophones and hydrophones serve as benchmarks to contextualize the analysis and validate the performance of the DAS system data. This comparative approach highlights the utility of DAS for engineering seismic prospecting.
Research on density effects of interaction between River water-Groundwater by temperature tracer method based on sand tank test
Authors: Wei Wenhao , Sun Yunzhi , Lin Jingjing
Published: December 2024

In this study, four sets of control tests of groundwater recharge river steady flow were designed using the indoor two-dimensional sand tank model to evaluate the density effect caused by temperature change and evaluate the error of temperature tracer method in calculating groundwater velocity. The test results show that the density effect caused by temperature difference can affect the velocity and direction of groundwater flow. The calculation results of the temperature profile from the bed to the bottom of the trough show that the higher the depth, the smaller the vertical component velocity of groundwater, and the less effective the temperature tracer method is in interpreting the velocity. When the temperature gradient reaches 0.33°C/cm, local free convection has formed in the lower part of the characteristics profile, and the error of the groundwater velocity calculated by the temperature tracer method is about 200%, which is much higher than the error of Darcy’s solution 175%. The influence of density effect driven by temperature difference on the analytical results should be evaluated in the study of using temperature tracer method to estimate the exchange capacity of surface water and groundwater.
Design and implementation of seismic and electric joint detection system
Authors: Wei H , Zheng J , Cheng J , Sun Y , He D
Published: December 2024

Single geophysical method faces challenges in accurately depicting water-bearing anomalies due to complex factors in underground spaces. In response to this issue, our design innovatively proposes a combined approach, integrating seismic exploration with parallel electrical method. We have developed a complete joint acquisition instrument for seismic and parallel electrical method using a multi-channel acquisition board based on INTEL and FPGA. This instrument enables simultaneous data collection for both methods within the same timeframe. With high integration, it allows convenient deployment and can be controlled through visualization software on the upper computer. Laboratory tests confirm its ability to meet the basic design requirements. Once fully implemented, it is poised to offer innovative and effective technical support for the development of urban underground spaces, demonstrating broad application potential.
Radio-magnetotelluric transmitter in full-bridge resonance inverter
Authors: Guo Tao , Xi Zhenzhu , Liu Wei , Liu Qingbin
Published: December 2024

Radio-magnetotelluric (RMT) is a widely used method for shallow subsurface electromagnetic exploration, employing magnetic sources (coils) for signal transmission. A common challenge is the low frequency and unstable current of the instrumentation. To address this, a full-bridge resonant inverter circuit is designed for signal transmission.
Simulation Study on Broadband Hive Receiving Coil for Small-Loop Transient Electromagnetic Detection
Authors: Wang Shengjie , Su Guoying , Sun Yishu , Jia Wenfeng , Wang Weicheng , Wang Qingshan
Published: December 2024

The multi-turn small-loop transient electromagnetic (TEM) receiving coils can be used for urban underground space survey and mine detection because of their versatility and adaptability to complex environments. However, reducing the size of the receiving coil increases the parasitic parameters while narrowing the frequency band, resulting in the loss of high-frequency signals that contains shallow geological information. We propose a hive-receiving coil, and use finite element simulation to compare multi-turn hive coils with circular receiving coils in the same size. It is proved that the hive coil has lower parasitic parameters and wider passband, which can meet the detection requirements of small-loop TEM.
Feasibility study of applying GPR to leakage prediction of urban landfill
Authors: Luo Y
Published: December 2024

The urban waste pollution caused by the rapid industrialization development has become increasingly serious. The main way of dealing with municipal waste in China is still landfill, which is convenient, but often lead to the waste leakage because of the immature anti-seepage system. Therefore, how to quickly investigate the landfill leakage to take necessary remedial measures for the subsequent leakage has become a hot issue. This study discusses the feasibility of GPR in urban landfill leakage prediction by discussing the GPR response of two types of landfill leakage models. The synthetic model experiment shows that GPR can effectively identify the anomalies caused by pollutant leakage in the landfill.
A new low-cost nodal rotary seismometer
Authors: Jia Song , He Zhanxiang , Wang Caixia , Yang Hui , Yao Yongchao
Published: December 2024

Rotational seismometers can measure the rotational component to improve the gradient information of the seismic wavefield, which, when combined with the translational component, provides a complete and detailed measurement of the seismic wavefield. Nowadays, field seismic signal acquisition pays more and more attention to the measurement of rotational components, and the gyroscope can achieve the measurement of angular velocity. Considering the economy and convenience of the instrument, the rotary seismometer designed based on Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS)technology not only achieves the measurement of rotational components but also reduces the cost and volume to realize the instrument’s low cost and node type of the instrument.
Three-Component Time-Domain Electromagnetic Method for Far Detection in Boreholes
Authors: Xiao Zhanshan , Hu Haitao , Qi Chao , Zhao Yunlong , Zhao Jianbin , Fang Chaoqiang , Zhang Yonghao , Yan Junjie , Wei Bo
Published: December 2024

Time-domain electromagnetic measurement technology in boreholes enables geological exploration on a reservoir scale using short-distance detectors. This technology overcomes the limitations of conventional frequency-domain instruments, which require long-distance detection by reducing frequency and increasing source distance. It provides panoramic, forward, and deep borehole perspectives. Time-domain electromagnetic logging provides timely information on the distance to the formation interface ahead of the detector. This introduces a novel method for borehole measurements, useful for geological boundary detection, fracture effect evaluation, and identifying the water drive front. Research the response characteristics of time-domain electromagnetic waves in boreholes under various scenarios using time-domain finite element numerical simulation. Pilot experiments demonstrate the promising potential of time-domain electromagnetic remote detection technology for borehole exploration.
Research on the Influence of Surface Wave Dispersion Curve in Anisotropic Viscoelastic Media
Authors: Zhang Chengang , Li Jing , Liu Hui , Su Ronghua
Published: December 2024

Surface-wave dispersion curve inversion of S-wave velocity structure is one of the primary methods for revealing near-surface structures. However, near-surface structures have large anisotropy and strong attenuation characteristics. Previous studies have investigated that surface anisotropy and sediment attenuation parameters significantly impact the extraction of dispersive information. Quantitatively assessing the sensitivity of different parameters can provide a reference for accurate inversion of S-wave velocity. In this abstract, we utilize a 2-D VTI viscoelastic finite-difference method to simulate the propagation characteristics and dispersion features of Rayleigh wave in anisotropic and viscoelastic media. Then, we use the typical synthetic model to analyze the sensitivity of Rayleigh wave dispersion curves to viscoelastic and anisotropic parameters. The conclusion is that the anisotropic and attenuation parameters cause significant changes in the surface-wave phase velocity, and the viscoelasticity can cause the amplitude attenuation of the Rayleigh wave. The sensitivity of dispersion curves to anisotropic parameters is greater than that of viscoelastic parameters.
AMT denoising via double sparse dictionary learning
Authors: Zhang Liang , Tang Jingtian
Published: December 2024

Audio magnetotellurics (AMT) is commonly employed in the exploration of resources. However, the energy of AMT signals is relatively weak, making them susceptible to various artificial sources of interference, thus being submerged in intense noise. This poses a significant disadvantage for the identification of various resources. Sparse representation is a commonly used method for AMT denoising, but under strong noise interference, conventional sparse representation methods often fail to effectively remove noise due to the inadequate performance of the sparse basis. To enhance the performance of the sparse basis and achieve more accurate AMT denoising results, we propose a double sparse dictionary (DSD), which is formed by the cascading of wavelet transform and data-driven tight frame (DDTF) dictionaries. The wavelet transform compensates for the drawbacks introduced by DDTF, such as the introduction of new noise, while DDTF addresses the challenge of adaptive sparse representation of noise encountered by wavelet transform. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves more precise denoising results compared to conventional sparse representation methods.
Research on Automatic Identification of Drainage Network Defects based on Transformer and CNN
Authors: Sun Quan , Yin Hongyi , Guo Linsong , Zeng Zhaocai , Xiong Youliang
Published: December 2024

In order to achieve the governance of urban water environment systems and ensure the normal operation of urban drainage systems, it is necessary to regularly inspect the drainage pipe network to detect and identify defects. Traditional methods of manually identifying defects in Close Circuit Television (CCTV) data and annotating them are labor-intensive and inefficient. To address this issue, a method for automatic identification of pipe network defects based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and transformer is proposed. The model is named RFCBAM-CGA-RTDETR and has been applied to detect 13 types of pipe network defects. Experimental results indicate an evaluation accuracy of 61.8%, demonstrating its effectiveness and reliability. This model outperforms RT-DETR and YOLOv8 models by 6.6% and 10%, respectively, providing a novel approach for drainage pipe network defect detection.