bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weight control before and during pregnancy for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yasuda Shigemitsu , Iuchi Takujiro , Goto Atsushi , Katanoda Kota , Iida Shinichiro , Oikawa Yoichi , Namba Akira , Isshiki Masashi , Inoue Ikuo , Kamei Yoshimasa , Shimada Akira , Noda Mitsuhiko
Published: December 2018

Aims/Introduction

The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of pregestational body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight change with birthweight for gestational age in Japanese mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively examined the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 101 mothers with GDM (pregestational BMI 24.7 ± 5.8 kg/m2; maternal age at delivery 34.7 ± 5.1 years; gestational age 38.5 ± 1.4 weeks) at a single center from January 2011 to December 2016.

Results

Gestational weight changes were 6.22 ± 5.39 kg, and infant birthweights were 2,987.3 ± 393.6 g. Multivariable analysis showed that, in all mothers, pregestational BMI and gestational weight change were positively associated with infant birthweight (P < 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively). Pregestational BMI, but not gestational weight change, was positively associated with infant birthweight (P = 0.007) in 31 mothers with GDM who had pregestational BMI ≥25 kg/m2; in 68 mothers with GDM who had pregestational BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, only gestational weight gain was positively associated with infant birthweight (P = 0.039). Two mothers had pregestational BMI <18.5 kg/m2. No statistically significant interactions of pregestational BMI with gestational weight change were found (P = 0.158).

Conclusions

In mothers with GDM, pregestational BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and excessive gestational weight gain were significantly associated with increased infant birthweight. A prospective multicenter clinical study enrolling a larger number of mothers with GDM will be required to verify the effects of adequately controlling pregestational and gestational weights on infant birthweight for gestational age.
Possible domestic dispersal of Bactrocera dorsalis during 2015 occurrence on the small islands of south‐western Japan
Authors: Otuka Akira , Matsumura Masaya , Nakamura Hiroaki , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Sadoyama Yasutsune
Published: December 2018

Although Japan has maintained the state of eradication of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) since 1986, B. dorsalis complex are occasionally trapped within a limited area and short time period on Japan's small south‐western islands. Trapping events occurred on Amamioshima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, in 2015, and male adults were also caught in surveillance traps on neighbouring Tokunoshima (south of Amamioshima) and Yakushima (north of Amamioshima) islands as well as on several islands in Okinawa Prefecture (south of Amamioshima). To investigate possible domestic dispersal of the pest from Amamioshima Island, a trajectory analysis was performed to reveal the timing and flight distance of possible dispersal. Surveillance data indicated that the first trappings on Tokunoshima and Yakushima islands occurred in November, which was after the number of trapped male adults on Amamioshima Island peaked in late October. Backward trajectories from Tokunoshima Island beginning 14 days prior to the first trapping passed over Amamioshima Island, which suggested possible dispersal between the islands. Several backward trajectories from the islands in Okinawa Prefecture also passed Amamioshima Island. Moreover, forward trajectories from Amamioshima Island beginning during peak occurrence, from mid‐October to early November, arrived over Tokunoshima, Iheya and Okinawa islands where the flies were caught. Such circumstantial evidence suggests that domestic dispersal of B. dorsalis complex occurred on Amamioshima Island. A situation similar to that on Tokunoshima Island also occurred on Yakushima Island. However, since the number of traps has been limited until the first capture, it was not clear when and from where the immigrants arrived on the island.
Geriatric Assessment in Older Adults with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Wildes Tanya M. , Tuchman Sascha A. , Klepin Heidi D. , Mikhael Joseph , Trinkaus Kathryn , Stockerl‐Goldstein Keith , Vij Ravi , Colditz Graham
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

The incidence of myeloma in older adults is increasing, yet little is known about geriatric impairments in these patients. We aimed to examine the prevalence of geriatric impairments in older adults with myeloma and the association between geriatric assessment and autologous stem cell transplant eligibility.

DESIGN

Prospective cohort study.

SETTING

Two academic medical centers.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 40 adults 65 years and older with newly diagnosed myeloma were enrolled.

MEASUREMENT

Participants completed a primarily self‐administered geriatric assessment, including measures of functional status, comorbidities, polypharmacy, psychosocial status, social support, quality of life, cognition, and physical performance. Outcomes were autologous stem cell transplant eligibility and receipt.

RESULTS

Forty patients enrolled; their mean age was 71 years. Geriatric impairments were common: 62% reported dependence in one or more instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), 76.9% had polypharmacy (four or more medications), and 47.5% had one or more comorbidities. Median time on the Timed Up and Go was 13.3 ± 4.9 seconds. Those considered candidates for autologous stem cell transplant (N = 26) were younger, with fewer comorbidities, better performance status, and faster performance on the Timed Up and Go test. Factors independently associated with receiving autologous stem cell transplant (N = 21) included age and IADL dependence.

CONCLUSION

Impairments in geriatric domains are common in this population, even among those considered to have a good performance status. Geriatric assessment domains are associated with both transplant eligibility and receipt. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:987–991, 2019.
Diet and Physical Activity of Korean Female Adolescents in Their Peer Networks
Authors: Chung Sophia Jihey , Ersig Anne L. , McCarthy Ann Marie
Published: December 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the diet and physical activity behaviors of female adolescents and their friends within classroom‐based peer networks in Korea.

Design

Complete social network analysis was used to examine the influence of classroom‐based peers on adolescents’ diets and physical activity. Data were collected by self‐report from 99 female adolescents in three classrooms.

Methods

Diet and physical activity behaviors were measured using the Adolescent Food Habit Checklist, food frequency questions, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Female adolescents were asked to nominate close friends within their classroom. Descriptive statistics for diet and physical activity were generated; social network data were analyzed using social network analysis.

Findings

Most participants were normal‐weight, 18‐year‐old adolescents. Across three classrooms, adolescents’ dietary behaviors were connected with those of their classroom‐based peer networks; however, similar outcomes were not identified for physical activity.

Conclusions

Clusters of diet behaviors for Korean female adolescents were identified in classroom‐based peer networks. Developing interventions based on these shared behaviors could be effective in improving these behaviors. Additional studies should explore potential barriers to physical activity for Korean female adolescents and their classroom‐based peers.

Clinical Relevance

The current study found that Korean female adolescents’ dietary behaviors were associated with their peers’. Healthcare providers should consider involving peers when developing interventions to improve the diet of Korean female adolescents.
Effect of cosmetic chemical preservatives on resident flora isolated from healthy facial skin
Authors: Wang Qian , Cui Shumei , Zhou Li , He Keke , Song Liya , Liang Haiyan , He Congfen
Published: December 2018

Background/Aims

Healthy skin harbors numerous microbes known to maintain its health and prevent attacks from external pathogens. The influence of chemical preservatives commonly used in cosmetic products on facial resident flora remains poorly characterized. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of five such preservatives on in vitro cultivated skin‐resident bacteria.

Methods

Both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria were isolated on blood agar, tryptic soy agar, and nutrient agar; Gram‐negative bacteria were then selected on Hank's balanced salt solution containing antibiotics and Reasoner's 2A. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of methylisothiazolinone (MTI), iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), ethylhexylglycerin (EHG), methylparaben (MP), and phenoxyethanol (PE) were estimated for nine facial resident bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus using serial broth dilution in vitro.

Results

The maximum test concentrations coincided with the upper limits set by the “Cosmetic Safety and Technical Specification” (2015 edition, China). Nine facial resident bacteria were isolated from 14 healthy adults: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus capitis, Kocuria, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas parafulva, Pseudomonas oleovorans, and Roseomonas cervicalis. MTI and IPBC displayed the strongest effect on all tested strains (MICs ≤0.01%), followed by EHG and MP (MICs ≤0.3%), and finally PE with the weakest effect (MIC ≤1%).

Conclusion

The five chemical preservatives assayed inhibited survival of the nine facial resident bacteria isolates, when tested at the maximum allowed limit. The corresponding MICs will provide a reference for the effective utilization of these compounds in product formulations.
The Dynamic Properties of Financial‐Market Equilibrium with Trading Fees
Authors: BUSS ADRIAN , DUMAS BERNARD
Published: December 2018

We incorporate trading fees into a dynamic, multiagent general‐equilibrium model in which traders optimally decide when to trade. For that purpose, we propose an innovative algorithm that synchronizes the traders. Securities prices are not so much affected by the payment of the fees itself, but rather by the trade‐off that the traders face between smoothing consumption and smoothing holdings. In calibrated examples, the interest rate and welfare decline with trading fees, while risk premia and volatilities increase. Liquidity risk and expected liquidity are priced, leading to deviations from the consumption‐CAPM. With trading fees, capital is slow‐moving, generating slow price reversal.
Photographs and Spiritual Atmospheres
Authors: Jacks Ben
Published: December 2018

This wide–ranging essay considers how photographs convey and condition understandings of spiritual space. Photographs have the potential to penetrate more deeply into spiritual experience, to shape ideas about it, and to take people to places they might not otherwise go. Photographic representations may reflect and frame numentectonic (spiritual–architectural) interiors for many people even more so than first–hand experience. Complicating the question of representation, all architectural settings possess atmospheres (referred to by some researchers as ambiences), and these atmospheres are only sometimes spiritual. Spiritual atmosphere is one variety of atmosphere, and to be seen it must be represented and named. A photograph can record atmospheres on the surface of things, capture the spirit of interior space, whether religious or secular, suggest spiritual worlds, and reveal human desire to make contact with those worlds. The history of photography suggests several categories and kinds of photographs as significant touch points in this analysis. Received and ever–evolving cultural understandings further mediate the production and reception of photography. Understanding photography's rhetorics, techniques, media, and settings helps clarify the relationship between atmospheres, interior architecture, and spirituality.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous esomeprazole at 2 different dosages in dogs
Authors: Seo Do‐Hyun , Lee Jong‐Bok , Hwang Ji‐Hye , Jeong Jong‐Woo , Song Gun‐Ho , Koo Tae‐Sung , Seo Kyoung‐Won
Published: December 2018

Background

Although the demand for esomeprazole is increasing in veterinary medicine, the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of esomeprazole have been described in only a few studies.

Objective

To determine the PK of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg esomeprazole administered IV q12h and to investigate its effects on intragastric pH in healthy dogs.

Animals

Six adult Beagles.

Methods

Open‐label, randomized, and crossover design. The dogs received 0.5 or 1 mg/kg esomeprazole IV q12h for 48 hours. Plasma concentrations of esomeprazole were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Intragastric pH was determined using the Bravo pH monitoring system and recorded as mean percentage time (MPT) for which pH was ≥3 and ≥4 for 24 hours in each group.

Results

The peak plasma concentration and area under the curve from the time of dosing to the last measurable concentration in the 1 mg/kg group were higher than those in the 0.5 mg/kg group. However, when the dosage normalized, intergroup differences were not significant. The MPTs for which intragastric pH was ≥3 and ≥4 for 48 hours were 88% ± 7% and 81% ± 9% for the 0.5 mg/kg group and 90% ± 9% and 85% ± 11% for the 1 mg/kg group, respectively, with no significant intergroup differences.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The pharmacokinetic parameters and acid suppressant effect for 0.5 and 1 mg/kg esomeprazole were not significantly different. Furthermore, the efficacy of esomeprazole 0.5 mg/kg IV q12h was sufficient to increase intragastric pH in Beagles.
Disputing the Global Land Grab: Claiming Rights and Making Markets Through Collaborative Governance
Authors: Canfield Matthew C.
Published: December 2018

As transnational movements contest economic inequalities and demand inclusion into global decision-making processes, new models of collaborative governance have proliferated. Promoters of this new mode of governance suggest that it can produce “win-win” solutions through inclusive, consensus-based processes, if these arenas of governance account for power asymmetries within their rules and processes. Yet, by focusing on procedural aspects of collaboration, these accounts overlook how power operates through the wider landscape of transnational legal pluralism. This article adapts the sociolegal disputing approach to the context of global governance through an extended case analysis of the “global land grab.” In doing so, it demonstrates how power operates through the competition to frame disputes across transnational arenas. I argue that the frame through which collaboration is ultimately deployed serves to reconstitute conflicts, thereby subordinating competing claims to the values of the dominant frame. This analysis ultimately suggests participation in collaborative governance comes with risks. By engaging in collaborative processes, activists face the possibility of constituting the very markets they seek to contest.
Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging parameters predict urinary incontinence after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Sadahira Takuya , Mitsui Yosuke , Araki Motoo , Maruyama Yuki , Wada Koichiro , Edamura Kohei , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Watanabe Masami , Watanabe Toyohiko , Nasu Yasutomo
Published: December 2018

Objective

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a major prostate cancer (PCa) treatment‐related morbidity. It has been reported that post‐prostatectomy UI is related to the width of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) and the length of the urethra. However, the details of these anatomical parameters are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether preoperative pelvic parameters or anatomical parameters of the urethra, as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are correlated with UI.

Methods

Between 2010 and 2017, 571 patients with localized PCa underwent robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) at Okayama University Hospital. Patients treated by a single experienced surgeon were included in the study. Preoperative prostate volume, obturator internal muscle, anal sphincter muscle, levator ani muscle (LAM), urethra wall thickness (UWT), and membranous urethral length (MUL) were measured by MRI. Patients were divided into two groups depending on leakage status 1 year after RARP using Expanded Prostate Index Composite Item 1.

Results

Seventy patients were included in this retrospective study. Based on leakage status, 37 and 33 patients were allocated to the no‐leakage and leakage groups, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups in age (P = 0.03), MUL (P < 0.001), UWT (P = 0.03), and LAM (P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that MUL and LAM predicted UI 1 year after RARP.

Conclusions

Pelvic parameters measured by MRI before RARP may be useful in the prediction of UI. In particular, MUL and LAM can predict postoperative UI by strict definition.
Moderate and severe household food insecurity predicts stunting and severe stunting among Rwanda children aged 6–59 months residing in Gicumbi district
Authors: Agho Kingsley E. , Mukabutera Christine , Mukazi Monica , Ntambara Michael , Mbugua Irene , Dowling Margy , Kamara Joseph K.
Published: December 2018

Household food insecurity (HFI) plays an important role in child malnutrition in many low‐income countries. We determined the association between HFI and stunting and severe stunting among Rwandan children from the Gicumbi district, aged 6–59 months using a cross‐sectional study of 2,222 children. HFI factor was calculated by summing all seven HFI (access) frequency questions and was categorised into food security, mildly food insecurity, moderately food insecurity, and severe food insecurity. The association between stunting, severe stunting, and HFI was determined using the multiple logistic regression analyses that adjust for clustering and sampling weights. The odds of moderate and severe HFI were significantly higher among stunted children aged 6–59 months than those who were not stunted (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.11, 1.84] and AOR = 1.35; 95% CI [1.08, 1.69], respectively). Children from households with moderate food insecurity were 2.47 times more likely to be severely stunted (AOR = 2.47; 95% CI [1.77, 3.46]), and those from households with severe food insecurity were more likely to be severely stunted (AOR = 1.82; 95% CI [1.34, 2.48]), compared with children aged 6–59 months from households with food security. Other factors included male children and children who did not attend monthly growth monitoring sessions. This study showed that moderate and severe HFI correlated with stunting and severe stunting. Interventions to improve stunting in Gicumbi children should also focus on male children, children who did not attend monthly growth monitoring sessions, and households with moderate and severe food insecurity.
Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and its clinical signs in Chinese students, 1979–2017: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xie Congman , Lin Min , Yang Hongmei , Ren Aishu
Published: December 2018

Objective

This study intends to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and its clinical signs in Chinese students.

Materials and Methods

Search strategies were performed in seven electronic databases, and the reference lists from potentially relevant studies were searched manually. Only observational studies that met the eligibility criteria were selected. A validated instrument was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. A random‐effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and its clinical signs.

Results

Twenty‐three articles that met the eligibility criteria were included in this review and meta‐analysis. The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders was 29.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.7–35.1; n = 12,702), and a significant difference was observed between males and females. The most prevalent sign was temporomandibular joint sounds (17.4%; 95% CI, 13.8–20.6; n = 6,615) followed by abnormal jaw movement (12.3%; 95% CI, 9.1–16.7; n = 5,496) and pain (9.9%; 95% CI, 7.4–13; n = 4,552).

Conclusions

The overall prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in Chinese students was approximately 29.1%, and a statistically significant difference was observed between males and females. The most prevalent sign was temporomandibular joint sounds (17.4%), followed by abnormal jaw movement (12.3%) and pain (9.9%).
Lip cancer: Reconsidering the at‐risk patients with pathological assessment
Authors: Ant Ayca , Kilic Caner , Baltu Yahya , Duran Arzu Betul , Tunccan Tuncay , Ozlugedik Samet , Bozdogan Nazan
Published: December 2018

Objectives

This study was aimed to overview the treatment protocols of lip cancer and find out a cutoff point of tumor diameter and depth of invasion (DOI) for the survival parameters.

Materials and Methods

One hundred and ninety‐one patients with lip SCC were studied.

Results

The average age of the patients was 62 years. Among 191 patients, 82.7% of the patients were men, 96.4% of them had lower lip cancer, and 84% were staged as early (pT1, pT2). Primary tumor excision with neck dissection was applied to 62.3% of the patients. Lymph node metastases rate was found to be 11%, and recurrence rate was 6.3%. There was statistically significant difference in between the tumor diameters and DOI values of patients with and without metastasis, and recurrence (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively). Regarding to the lymph node metastasis, the optimal cutoff point was found to be 7.5 mm for DOI and 21.5 mm for tumor diameter. Regarding to the recurrence, the optimal cutoff point was found to be 7.5 mm for DOI and 24.5 mm for tumor diameter.

Conclusion

T2 lip cancer patients also seem to be in at‐risk group for metastasis and recurrence. As a conclusion, elective neck dissection and frequent follow‐up are recommended for these early‐stage lip cancer patients.
Gender differences in symptoms and functional status in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing catheter ablation
Authors: Bazemore Taylor C. , Bolger Lauren E. , Sears Samuel F. , Sadaf Murrium I. , Gehi Anil K.
Published: December 2018

Background

Catheter ablation improves symptoms and quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF); however, despite its benefit, women are less likely than men to undergo catheter ablation. Women with AF have been described to have more frequent and severe symptoms with a lower quality of life than men, and it is therefore unclear why women are less likely to undergo catheter ablation. We prospectively characterized gender differences in AF symptoms among men and women undergoing ablation at UNC using questionnaire data.

Methods

Functional capacity was assessed with the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) and quality of life was assessed with the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Symptoms of AF score (CCS‐SAF) and the AF Effect on Quality‐of‐Life Questionnaire Tool (AFEQT).

Results

Among 191 patients in the study, women were less likely to undergo catheter ablation and had higher rates of paroxysmal AF and higher CHADS2‐VASc scores than men. Women had a worse functional capacity with significantly lower DASI scores than men; quality of life was also worse among women, with higher CCS‐SAF scores and lower AFEQT scores than men. After adjustment for AF type, there was a persistent gender difference for functional capacity and symptom measures.

Conclusions

At the time of catheter ablation, women with AF had a significantly lower functional status with worse symptoms and a lower quality of life than men. The role of this symptom difference on the gender gap in enrollment for catheter ablation is unclear and likely due to multiple patient and provider factors.
Evidence‐based skin care in preterm infants
Authors: Kusari Ayan , Han Allison M. , Virgen Cesar A. , Matiz Catalina , Rasmussen Maynard , Friedlander Sheila F. , Eichenfield Dawn Z.
Published: December 2018

Most guidelines on neonatal skin care emphasize issues pertaining to healthy, term infants. Few address the complex task of skin barrier maintenance in preterm, very preterm, and extremely preterm infants. Here, we provide an evidence‐based review of the literature on skin care of preterm neonates. Interestingly, the stratum corneum does not fully develop until late in the third trimester, and as such, the barrier function of preterm skin is significantly compromised. Numerous interventions are available to augment the weak skin barrier of neonates. Plastic wraps reduce the incidence of hypothermia while semipermeable and transparent adhesive dressings improve skin quality and decrease the incidence of electrolyte abnormalities. Tub bathing causes less body temperature variability than sponge bathing and can be performed as infrequently as once every four days without increasing bacterial colonization of the skin. Topical emollients, particularly sunflower seed oil, appear to reduce the incidence of skin infections in premature neonates—but only in developing countries. In developed countries, studies indicate that topical petrolatum ointment increases the risk of candidemia and coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus infection in the preterm population, perhaps by creating a milieu similar to occlusive dressings. For preterm infants with catheters, povidone‐iodine and chlorhexidine are comparably effective at preventing catheter colonization. Further studies are necessary to examine the safety and efficacy of various skin care interventions in premature infants with an emphasis placed on subclassifying the patient population. In the interim, it may be beneficial to develop guidelines based on the current body of evidence.
Defining the complement C3 binding site and the antigenic region of Haemonchus contortus GAPDH
Authors: Rajan Parvathy , Mishra Prasanta K. K. , Joshi Paritosh
Published: December 2018

Haemonchus contortus is an economically important parasite that survives the host defense system by modulating the immune response. Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is secreted by the parasite and the host responds by producing anti‐enzyme antibodies. The enzyme inhibits complement cascade, an arm of the innate immunity, by binding to complement C3. In this study, the C3 binding site and the antigenic region of the enzyme were identified by generating short recombinant fragments and deleting a defined region of the enzyme. Using these proteins in ligand overlay and plate binding assay, the C3 binding region of GAPDH was localized within the 38 residues represented by 77‐114 amino acids whereas one of the antigenic regions was identified in between 77 and 171 amino acids. In addition, deletion of amino acids 77 to 171 from GAPDH (fragment AB) also showed weak immunogenicity but lacked C3 binding activity. Fragment D comprising 95 residues (77‐171), had both the C3 binding activity as well as immunogenicity like the parent enzyme, also stimulated host peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. This truncated GAPDH moiety was stable at refrigerated temperature for at least 12 weeks and appears as a promising new therapeutic tool considering its longer shelf life as compared to the parent protein.
Illumina‐based transcriptomic analysis on recalcitrant seeds of Panax notoginseng for the dormancy release during the after‐ripening process
Authors: Yang Kai , Yang Ling , Fan Wei , Long Guang‐Qiang , Xie Shi‐Qing , Meng Zhen‐Gui , Zhang Guang‐Hui , Yang Sheng‐Chao , Chen Jun‐Wen
Published: December 2018

Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen is an economically and medicinally important plant of the family Araliacease, with seed dormancy being a key factor limiting the extended cultivation of P. notoginseng. The seeds belong to the morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) group, and it has also been described as the recalcitrant seed. To date, the molecular mechanism of dormancy release in the recalcitrant seed of P. notoginseng is unknown. In the present study, the transcript profiles of seeds from different after‐ripening stages (0, 20, 40 and 60 days) were investigated using Illumina Hiseq 2500 technology. 91 979 946 clean reads were generated, and 81 575 unigenes were annotated in at least one database. In addition, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the pairwise comparisons. We screened out 2483 DEGs by the three key groups of 20 days vs 0 d, 40 d vs 0 d and 60 d vs 0 d. The DEGs were analyzed by gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway annotation. Meanwhile, we obtained 78 DEGs related to seeds dormancy release at different after‐ripening stages of P. notoginseng, of which 15 DEGs were associated with abscisic acid and gibberellin. 26 DEGs that encode late embryogenesis abundant protein and antioxidant enzyme were correlated with desiccation tolerance in seeds. In summary, the results obtained here showed that PECTINESTERASE‐2‐LIKE, GA‐INSENSITIVE, ENT‐KAURENE SYNTHASE, PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2C, GIBBERELLIN 2‐BETA‐DIOXYGENASE, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE, L‐ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE, CATALASE, LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT PROTEIN DC3 and DEHYDRIN 9 were potentially involved in dormancy release and desiccation sensitivity of P. notoginseng seeds. The data might provide a basis for researches on MPD.
TRPA1: A potential target for cold‐induced airway disease?
Authors: Donovan Chantal , Hansbro Philip M.
Published: December 2018

See related Article
Immunotherapeutic effects of recombinant adenovirus encoding interleukin 12 in experimental pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Mata‐Espinosa Dulce Adriana , Francisco‐Cruz Alejandro , Marquina‐Castillo Brenda , Barrios‐Payan Jorge , Ramos‐Espinosa Octavio , Bini Estela Isabel , Xing Zhou , Hernández-Pando Rogelio
Published: December 2018

High dose of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain H37Rv administered by intratracheal injection in BALB/c mice induce progressive tuberculosis (TB). In this model, during the first month there is a temporal control of bacillary growth, in coexistence with macrophage activation, granuloma formation and Th‐1 response. Then, bacterial proliferation recommences, accompanied by progressive pneumonia and decreasing expression of protective cytokines (IFN‐γ and TNF‐α). In this model, we studied the IL‐12 gene expression kinetics and cellular source. There is a rapid and progressive IL‐12 expression peaking at day 14, when granulomas start their formation and numerous macrophages show strong IL‐12 immunostaining, while during progressive TB there is a significant decrease of IL‐12 expression and occasional macrophages showed IL‐12 immunolabeling. In the second part of this study, we determined the immunotherapeutic effect of recombinant adenoviruses that codify IL‐12 (AdIL‐12). Intratracheal administration of only one dose of AdIL‐12 one day before Mtb infection produced significant decrease of bacterial loads, lesser pneumonia and higher expression of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and iNOS. When only one dose of AdIL‐12 was given in healthy mice cohoused with infected mice with highly virulent and transmissible Mtb, total prevention of infection was conferred. Moreover, when AdIL‐12 was administered by intranasal route in animals suffering late active TB after 2 months of infection, a very low pulmonary bacilli burdens was detected. These experimental data confirm that IL‐12 is a significant cytokine in the immune protection against Mtb, and gene therapy based in adenoviruses coding this cytokine increased protective immunity and prevent Mtb transmission.
The Alaska Wrangell Arc: ~30 Ma of subduction‐related magmatism along a still active arc‐transform junction
Authors: Brueseke Matthew E. , Benowitz Jeffrey A. , Trop Jeffrey M. , Davis Kailyn N. , Berkelhammer Samuel E. , Layer Paul W. , Morter Bethany K.
Published: December 2018

The Oligocene to Present Wrangell Volcanic Belt (WVB) extends for ~500 km across south‐central Alaska (USA) into Canada at a volcanic arc‐transform junction. Previously, geochemistry documented mantle wedge and slab‐edge melting in <12 Ma WVB volcanic rocks; new geochemistry shows that the same processes characterized ~18–30 Ma WVB magmatism in Alaska. New 40Ar/39Ar ages demonstrate that WVB magmatism in Alaska initiated at ~30 Ma due to flat‐slab subduction of the Yakutat microplate and that the dextral Totschunda fault was active at this time. Our results, together with prior studies, show that Alaskan WVB magmatism occurred chiefly due to subduction and should be considered a volcanic arc (e.g. the Wrangell Arc). The WVB provides a long‐term geological record of subduction, strike‐slip and magmatism. Slab‐edge upwelling, flat‐slab defocused fluid‐flux and faults acting as magma conduits are likely responsible for the exceptionally large volcanoes and high eruption rates of the Wrangell Arc.
Reflections and Comments on Research on Memory and Conversation From an Ethnographic Perspective
Authors: Dahlbäck Nils , Forsblad Mattias , Hydén Lars‐Christer
Published: December 2018

Reflecting on three papers included in this issue, we suggest that research on memory and conversation could benefit by making more use of analyzing real‐life situations or close to real‐life scenarios, full speech and body interactions, and the interaction with the physical environment. We also suggest that the process of remembering during conversation is investigated on a level of detail and sequence that allow for locating actual functions of different actions. Finally, we suggest that a life‐span perspective on transactive memory systems must also model the development, maintenance, breakdown, and reestablishment of such systems.
Inducible reporter/driver lines for the Arabidopsis root with intrinsic reporting of activity state
Authors: Machin Frank Qasim , Beckers Malin , Tian Xin , Fairnie Alice , Cheng Teri , Scheible Wolf‐Rüdiger , Doerner Peter
Published: December 2018

Cell‐, tissue‐ or organ‐specific inducible expression systems are powerful tools for functional analysis of changes to the pattern, level or timing of gene expression. However, plant researchers lack standardised reagents that promote reproducibility across the community. Here, we report the development and functional testing of a Gateway‐based system for quantitatively, spatially and temporally controlling inducible gene expression in Arabidopsis that overcomes several drawbacks of the legacy systems. We used this modular driver/effector system with intrinsic reporting of spatio‐temporal promoter activity to generate 18 well‐characterised homozygous transformed lines showing the expected expression patterns specific for the major cell types of the Arabidopsis root; seed and plasmid vectors are available through the Arabidopsis stock centre. The system's tight regulation was validated by assessing the effects of diphtheria toxin A chain expression. We assessed the utility of Production of Anthocyanin Pigment 1 (PAP1) as an encoded effector mediating cell‐autonomous marks. With this shared resource of characterised reference driver lines, which can be expanded with additional promoters and the use of other fluorescent proteins, we aim to contribute towards enhancing reproducibility of qualitative and quantitative analyses.
CropSNPdb: a database of SNP array data for Brassica crops and hexaploid bread wheat
Authors: Scheben Armin , Verpaalen Brent , Lawley Cynthia T. , Chan Chon‐Kit K. , Bayer Philipp E. , Batley Jacqueline , Edwards David
Published: December 2018

Advances in sequencing technology have led to a rapid rise in the genomic data available for plants, driving new insights into the evolution, domestication and improvement of crops. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are a major component of crop genomic diversity, and are invaluable as genetic markers in research and breeding programs. High‐throughput SNP arrays, or ‘SNP chips’, can generate reproducible sets of informative SNP markers and have been broadly adopted. Although there are many public repositories for sequencing data, which are routinely uploaded, there are no formal repositories for crop SNP array data. To make SNP array data more easily accessible, we have developed CropSNPdb (http://snpdb.appliedbioinformatics.com.au), a database for SNP array data produced by the Illumina Infinium™ hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) 90K and Brassica 60K arrays. We currently host SNPs from datasets covering 526 Brassica lines and 309 bread wheat lines, and provide search, download and upload utilities for users. CropSNPdb provides a useful repository for these data, which can be applied for a range of genomics and molecular crop‐breeding activities.
In vitroantimicrobial activity of seven adjuvants against common pathogens associated with canine otitis externa
Authors: Chan Wei Yee , Khazandi Manouchehr , Hickey Elizabeth E. , Page Stephen W. , Trott Darren J. , Hill Peter B.
Published: December 2018

Background

An antibiotic adjuvant is a chemical substance used to modify or augment the effectiveness of primary antimicrobial agents against drug‐resistant micro‐organisms. Its use provides an alternative approach to address the global issue of antimicrobial resistance and enhance antimicrobial stewardship.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To determine the antimicrobial activity of a panel of potential antimicrobial adjuvants against common pathogens associated with canine otitis externa (OE).

Animals/Isolates

A number of type strains and clinical isolates (n = 110) from canine OE were tested includingStaphylococcus pseudintermedius,β‐haemolyticStreptococcusspp.,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Proteus mirabilisandMalassezia pachydermatis.

Methods and materials

Antimicrobial activities of monolaurin, monocaprin,N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), polymyxin B nonapeptide, Tris‐EDTA, Tris‐HCL and disodium EDTA were tested using microdilution methodology according to CLSI guidelines.

Results

N‐acetylcysteine, Tris‐EDTA and disodium EDTA had antimicrobial activity against both type strains and otic pathogens. The other adjuvants tested had limited to no efficacy. NAC had a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 2,500–10,000 μg/mL for the various organisms.Pseudomonas aeruginosaisolates were eight times more susceptible to disodium EDTA in the presence of Tris‐HCL in comparison to disodium EDTA alone.Malassezia pachydermatisisolates were most susceptible to Tris‐EDTA (MIC90 = 190/60 μg/mL) and disodium EDTA (MIC90 = 120 μg/mL).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

N‐acetylcysteine, Tris‐EDTA and disodium EDTA have intrinsic antimicrobial activity and represent promising adjuvants that could be used to enhance the efficacy of existing antibiotics against Gram‐negative and multidrug‐resistant bacterial infections. These agents could be combined with other antimicrobial agents in a multimodal approach for mixed ear infections in dogs.
Efectos del maltrato docente en el acoso escolar entre pares
Authors: Reyes Rodríguez Ana Carolina , Valdés Cuervo Ángel Alberto , Vera Noriega José Ángel , Alcántar Nieblas Carolina
Published: December 2018

En el estudio, se analizan las relaciones entre el maltrato docente-estudiante, clima social de la escuela, apoyo docente y el acoso entre estudiantes. Participaron 1 577 estudiantes (800 chicos y 777 chicas), con una edad promedio de 12.94 años (DE = 1.77 años), pertenecientes a 64 escuelas secundarias públicas de Sonora, México. Se calcula un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales con apoyo del AMOS. De los resultados, se infiere que el maltrato docente favorece de forma directa e indirecta, mediante sus efectos negativos, en el clima escolar y el apoyo docente y la violencia entre pares. Se concluye que el maltrato docente afecta negativamente la dinámica de las escuelas y favorece el acoso escolar. Finalmente, se discuten implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de los hallazgos.
Transformar conflictos motores mediante los juegos cooperativos en Educación Primaria
Authors: Sáez de Ocáriz Granja Unai , Lavega Burgues Pere , March Janés Jaume , Serna Bardavío Jorge
Published: December 2018

Esta investigación examinó el tipo de conflictos motores (CM) originados por un programa de intervención educativa basado en juegos cooperativos desarrollados en las clases de Educación Física, en un centro de educación primaria, con el propósito de identificar el índice de intensidad de los CM, como instrumento docente para la optimización de la convivencia escolar. Participaron 43 alumnos, 22 niñas y 21 niños, a lo largo de un curso escolar. Se consideraron 42 clases de Educación Física, donde se plantearon 117 juegos de cooperación y se registraron 319 CM. Entre las conclusiones más notables se puede subrayar la aplicabilidad del índice de conflictividad como herramienta en la educación de los conflictos para fomentar el desarrollo de la convivencia en las escuelas.
Investigation of Formation Damage Induced During Drill-In Process of Ultradeep Fractured Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Dujie , Kang Yili , You Lijun , Li Jiaxue
Published: December 2018

Ultradeep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir is easy to suffer from severe formation damage during the drill-in process, yet few papers have been published on the corresponding formation damage mechanisms. This paper focuses on a typical ultradeep fractured tight sandstone reservoir in the Tarim Basin, China. Fluid sensitivity damage, phase trapping damage, and the formation damage induced by oil-based drill-in fluids were evaluated by a serious of modified experimental methods. As a supplement, the rock physics and surface property were analyzed deeply. Results showed that severe fluid sensitivity damage occurred with a decrease in fluid salinity (critical value: 3/4 formation water salinity (FWS)) and an increase in fluid pH value (critical value: pH = 7.5). The change in water film thickness, the enhancement of hydrophilia, particle detachment, and dissolution of quartz/albite under high formation temperature are the main damage mechanisms. Abnormal low water saturation, mixed wettability, abundant clay minerals, and complex pore structures are contributing to the severe phase trapping damage. The dynamic damage rate of oil-based drill-in fluids is 60.01%, and inadequate loading capacity is the main trigger of lost circulation. Finally, a formation damage control strategy was proposed, and a field test proved its feasibility.
Characterization of a New 10 kWe High Flux Solar Simulator Via Indirect Radiation Mapping Technique
Authors: Abuseada Mostafa , Ophoff Cédric , Ozalp Nesrin
Published: December 2018

This paper presents characterization of a new high flux solar simulator consisting of a 10 kW Xenon arc via indirect heat flux mapping technique for solar thermochemical applications. The method incorporates the use of a heat flux gauge (HFG), single Lambertian target, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera, and three-axis optical alignment assembly. The grayscale values are correlated to heat flux values for faster optimization and characterization of the radiation source. Unlike previous work in heat flux characterization that rely on two Lambertian targets, this study implements the use of a single target to eliminate possible errors due to interchanging the targets. The current supplied to the simulator was varied within the range of 120–200 A to change the total power and to mimic the fluctuation in sun's irradiance. Several characteristic parameters of the simulator were studied, including the temporal instability and radial nonuniformity (RNU). In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed on the number of images captured, which showed a threshold value of at least 30 images for essentially accurate results. The results showed that the flux distribution obtained on a 10 × 10 cm2 target had a peak flux of 6990 kWm−2, total power of 3.49 kW, and half width of 6.25 mm. The study concludes with the illustration and use of a new technique, the merging method, that allows characterization of heat flux distributions on larger areas, which is a promising addition to the present heat flux characterization techniques.
Characterization of Hybrid Wicking Structures for Flexible Vapor Chambers
Authors: McNally Dylan P. , Lewis Ryan , Lee Y. C.
Published: December 2018

Thin vapor chambers provide a novel solution to thermal management in mobile electronics. In the pursuit of vapor chamber optimization, characterization of the wicking structure can allow for a better understanding of the limitations of the device. This paper presents two novel testing methods: one for measuring the permeability of various wicking structures and another for measuring the capillary pressure. We find that the permeability of the mesh used in the wicking structure and hybridization of wicking-structures can impact what geometries limit performance, besides impacting performance directly. Specifically, while the permeability of a mesh-pillar hybrid wick follows the weighted average of the mesh and pillar permeability, the capillary pressure is determined by the capillary pore size of just the pillars or just the mesh, whichever is larger.
Modification of Energy Equation for Homogeneous Cavitation Simulation With Thermodynamic Effect
Authors: Le Anh Dinh , Okajima Junosuke , Iga Yuka
Published: December 2018

In industrial applications, cryogenic liquids are sometimes used as the working fluid of fluid machineries. In those fluids, the thermodynamic suppression effect of cavitation, which is normally ignored in water at room temperature, becomes obvious. When evaporation occurs in the cavitation region, the heat is supplied from the surrounding liquid. Hence, the liquid temperature is decreased, and cavitation is suppressed due to the decrease in saturated vapor pressure. Therefore, the performance of the fluid machinery can be improved. Computational fluid dynamics, which involves the use of a homogeneous model coupled with a thermal transport equation, is a powerful tool for the prediction of cavitation under thermodynamic effects. In this study, a thermodynamic model for a homogeneous model is introduced. In this model, the source term related to the latent heat of phase change appears explicitly, and the degree of heat transfer rate for evaporation and condensation can be adjusted separately to suit the homogeneous model. Our simplified thermodynamic model coupled with the Merkle cavitation model was validated for cryogenic cavitation on a two-dimensional (2D) quarter hydrofoil. The results obtained during the validation showed good agreement (in both pressure and temperature profiles) with the experimental data and were better than existing numerical results obtained by other researchers.
Measurement of Transitional Surface Roughness Effects on Flat-Plate Boundary Layer Transition
Authors: Jeong Heechan , Lee Seung Woo , Song Seung Jin
Published: December 2018

An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the effects of transitionally rough surface on the flat-plate boundary layer transition. Transitional boundary layers with three different flat plates (ks+ = 0.07 ∼ 0.19, 2.71 ∼ 7.05, and 13.65 ∼ 41.09) have been measured with a single-sensor hot-wire probe. All of the measurements have been conducted under zero pressure gradient (ZPG) at the fixed Reynolds number (ReL) and freestream turbulence intensity (Tu) of 3.05 × 106 and 0.2%. Transitionally, rough surface does not affect the sigmoidal distribution of turbulence intermittency model; but induces earlier transition onset and shortens the transition length. For all surfaces, streamwise turbulence intensity profiles with similar values of turbulence intermittency are similar for the transition length less than 60%. Therefore, mean velocity profiles with the similar values of turbulence intermittency are similar regardless of surface conditions. However, downstream of 60% of the transition length, mean velocity defect increases as the surface roughness increases. Enhanced diffusion of turbulent kinetic energy from the near wall (y/δ < 0.1) to the outer part (y/δ ≈ 0.4) of the boundary layer due to the surface roughness is responsible for the increased momentum deficit.