bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving weld forming quality and process adaptability by using a copper liner in laser-MAG hybrid overhead welding
Authors: Han Ronghao , Liu Xin , Song Gang , Liu Liming
Published: June 2023

During overhead welding, gravity inevitably drives the molten pool downward, resulting in poor adaptability and concave defect. To address this issue, this paper proposed a novel laser-MAG hybrid overhead welding technique utilising a copper liner (COL). Compared to single-arc welding, laser-MAG hybrid welding can reduce the volume of the molten pool, while the laser increases its support force. The COL can accelerate the molten pool's solidification rate. Additionally, the adhesion force between the molten pool and the COL can partially counterbalance gravity. As a result, good weld formation still was achieved even when the misalignment was 0–1 mm and the butt gap was 0–2 mm. Moreover, the back reinforcement height and width were not less than 0.71 and 3.66 mm, respectively.
Michelle Linterman: We are always learning
Authors: Van Emmenis Lucie
Published: June 2023

Michelle Linterman is a group leader at the Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK. The research focus of her lab is to understand the fundamental biology of the germinal center response after immunization and infection and how this changes with age. We caught up with Michelle to talk about how her interest in germinal center biology started, the benefits of team science, and her collaboration between the Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, New Zealand, and Churchill College, Cambridge.
Complementary uses of the magnetic vector potential for the understanding and teaching of electromagnetics
Authors: Adams J G , Duston C L
Published: June 2023

This work reports on the uses of the magnetic vector potential A for understanding, visualizing and teaching electromagnetic phenomena. The teaching benefits of this work include examples of numerical modeling that facilitate understanding, and complemenatary visualization approaches. To facilitate discussion of A we first include a brief section looking at ϕ in a system comprised of two hollow, positively charged spheres, demonstrating that the work required to bring the two spheres close together Q
ϕ is equal to change in the total integrated electric field energy density. We then introduce a system comprised of a hollow, positively charged sphere interacting with two parallel, current-carrying wires, for which

A

wires

is determined as a function of position. Two calculations of the field momentum of the system are compared and shown to be equal: the first is

Q

A

wires

, the second is the integration over all space of the interaction momentum density ϵ
0
E × B. We conclude by analyzing the trajectory of Q near the wires, establishing a visual connection between particle motion and the magnetic vector potentials sourced by the wires, including a discussion of relativistic implications.
Theory and experiment for a solenoid based currents and the magnetic drag
Authors: Jang Taehun , Ha Hye Jin , Go JaeHo , Sohn Sang Ho
Published: June 2023

In this study, we derived formulas for the current waveforms induced by a magnet oscillating at arbitrary positions on the axis of a solenoid. We also conducted an experiment for measuring the currents induced in a solenoid by a magnet oscillating in its inner or outer region and compared the results with theoretical predictions. It was confirmed that the magnitude and shape of waveforms of induced currents that were obtained from the derived formulas fit well with experimental results. In addition, the magnetic drag force exerted on the magnet by the induced current is formulated and compared with the prediction estimated by the attenuation coefficient and velocity.
Signal-amplified stretchable PVDF kirigami sensor via neutral axis modification
Authors: Hwang Bosun , Jo Hyeongjin , Song Yujun , Song Ji-Hyeon
Published: June 2023

Stretchable sensors with smart materials now open up diversity opportunities by suggesting ways to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid sensors. The performance of piezoelectric devices is highly dependent on piezoelectric constants. Hence, materials with low piezoelectric constants hinder users to obtain signals induced by stimuli. To rectify this problem, there have been numerous efforts to increase piezoelectricity by doping additional materials or through chemical synthesis methods. These two methods have common limitations: low cost-effectiveness and inferior accessibility by scientists from diversity of fields. In this study, we suggest methods to amplify the response of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) kirigami sensor with a structural approach: neutral axis modification with a backing layer. We introduce two sensor models with a backing layer: single side and both sides backing layer models. In the former model, the backing layer is attached to the outward area of the concave bending section for stress increment; thereby the response of the sensor can be ameliorated. For the latter model, backing layers are attached on both sides; this synchronizes stress types in the concave and convex bending sections. Consequently, it aligns current movement within the sensor. These two methods are simple and the expected results are intuitive as the voltage amplitude changes proportionally to the backing layer thickness. Also, the modified sensor exhibits stable and identical responses during and after 1000 cyclic motions of stretching and releasing with an applied strain of 80%. The maximum voltage amplitude gap between the pristine and modified sensor is marked as 8.36 V, which is a 48% amplified response from the sensor without a backing layer. This method allows users to adjust the voltage response to their demands in a simple way. This modification also has the potential to be applied as a piezoelectric energy harvesting system.
Liouville soliton surfaces obtained using Darboux transformations
Authors: Mancas S C , Acharya K R , Rosu H C
Published: June 2023

In this paper, Liouville soliton surfaces based on some soliton solutions of the Liouville equation are constructed and displayed graphically, including some of those corresponding to Darboux-transformed counterparts. We find that the Liouville soliton surfaces are centroaffine surfaces of Tzitzeica type and their centroaffine invariant can be expressed in terms of the Hamiltonian. The traveling wave solutions to Liouville equation from which these soliton surfaces stem are also obtained through a modified variation of parameters method which is shown to lead to elliptic functions solution method.
The influence and application of nonlinear aerodynamics on static derivatives in transonic regime
Authors: Xie Meng , Liu Xiaoyan
Published: June 2023

This paper details two static aeroelastic analysis methods applied to a passenger aircraft model with high aspect ratio wing. The influence of nonlinear aerodynamic force on static aeroelastic derivatives in the transonic regime is analysed. The traditional aerodynamic influence coefficient (AIC) matrix method can produce fast and reliable aerodynamic force and is widely used in aeroelastic analysis. However, the AIC matrix computed by linear aerodynamics will lead to some errors in transonic regime because of the nonlinear effect of aerodynamics. By generating the correction matrices, the AIC matrix is modified, and the accuracy of transonic static aeroelastic correction of aerodynamic data can be improved. The static derivatives are compared to the results of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) / computational structural (CSD) interaction method.
Computerized Simulation of Meshing of S-gears and Modification Geometry
Authors: Jia C , Xiao J M
Published: June 2023

S-gear is a new type of gear with the advantages of small sliding coefficient, high meshing efficiency and large load-bearing capacity due to the concave-convex contact in a vicinity of the meshing start and end. In view of the excellent characteristics and potential value of S-gears, this paper deeply studies the designation and meshing characteristics of the S-gears. First, based on the relationship of S-shaped rack-cutter and machining motion, the tooth surface of the S-gears is generated. Second, by superimposing the surface of modified volume with the standard tooth surface, the modified tooth surface of S-gears is constructed. On this basis, using MATLAB programming, the coordinates of 3D grid node of modified S-gears are calculated. Third, loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) is used to study the meshing characteristics of the S-gears with longitudinal modifications and misalignment angle errors. Ultimately, one example is presented and the result shows that after tooth surface modification, the load distribution of S-gears is effectively improved and error sensitivity is greatly reduced. S-gear is a new type of gear which is different from involute gears and has great potential application prospect in large load-bearing field, which will be further studied in the future.
Early CO2 capturing mortar by incorporating a new potential carbide lime waste under controlled CO2 curing
Authors: Adrina Rosseira A T , Nur Hafizah A K , Fadzil M A , Bazli Faliq M M P , Khairul Irfan N N A L , Rohaya O
Published: June 2023

Early-age cement paste or mortar can be enhanced by curing it in a CO2 chamber. The study was initiated with investigation on the optimum compressive strength by replacing cement to carbide lime with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of Carbide Lime Waste (CLW) content. The desired CLW mortar at 28 normal curing age was selected and the similar mix proportion was again casted and the fresh CLW mortar was cured for 1,3 and 7 days under controlled CO2 curing. The CO2 concentration and temperature were fixed at 20% and 60% respectively. The compressive strength and depth of carbonation of CLW mortar was investigated. In addition, their microstructural properties under TGA test was analysed at the early curing ages by using cement pastes. It was found that the mortar containing 5% of CLW had the desired optimum compressive strength and UPV under water curing condition. Overall, the strength properties of control mortar and CLW mortar significantly enhanced at early strength gained by controlled CO2 curing as compared to the water curing technique. The used of 5% of CLW as the potential to substitute the cement portion has provide better understanding on CO2 sequestration in cement mortar. The microstructural result shows the CaCO3 precipitation in the CLW mortar was higher than the control mortar as CLW has Ca(OH)2 behaviour which effectively react with CO2 and formed stable CaCO3 precipitation in the mortar.
Optimisation of mix design of concrete paving block using response surface methodology
Authors: Yeo J S , Koting S , Onn C C , Mo K H
Published: June 2023

This study investigated the optimal water/binder (w/b) and aggregate/binder (a/b) ratios in producing a concrete paving block. The w/b and a/b ratios in the concrete paving block were optimised using the response surface methodology (RSM), considering the performances of the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), flexural, and compressive strengths. Regression modelling was conducted to represent the relationships between the UPV and compressive strength and the compressive and flexural strengths. Generally, the UPV, flexural, and compressive strengths increased with the increment of w/b ratio and reduction of a/b ratio. The RSM suggested optimal ratios of 0.35 for w/b and 3.50 for a/b, that the paving block could exhibit UPV, flexural, and compressive strengths of 4.11 km/s, 4.13 MPa, and 33.2 MPa, respectively. The predicted values from the RSM varied less than 6% compared to the experimental values. The polynomial regression model could effectively represent the relationship between the UPV and the compressive strength and the relationship between the compressive and flexural strengths of the concrete paving block.
Properties of local ultra-high-performance concrete with low dosage of polyvinyl alcohol and steel fibre
Authors: Yeo S H , Mo K H , Mahmud H B
Published: June 2023

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) delivers better durability and mechanical properties than normal-strength concrete. However, conventional UHPC requires heat treatment and a high dosage of high tensile steel fibre to achieve a compressive strength of 120 MPa. The present study was conducted to test a local UHPC with low fibre dosage and without heat treatment by incorporating different polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibre and steel fibre. The fibres included in the experimental works were 30 mm PVA macro fibre, 8 mm PVA fibrin and hooked end steel fibre with 35 mm in length. Four series of UHPC were studied, which consist of plain UHPC mix and three fibre-reinforced UHPC mixes. 1% fibre volume was incorporated into all the fibre-reinforced mixes. The mixes were tested for compressive strength, modulus of rupture, drying shrinkage and porosity The UHPC had a compressive strength of more than 120 MPa and modulus of rupture from 8 to 11 MPa. The drying shrinkage of all the UHPCs was less than 255με when cured at 100% relative humidity. The porosity recorded for the UHPC was 2%. Current findings indicated that steel fibre reinforced UHPC performed better than UHPC with PVA fibre in terms of mechanical properties However, UHPC with PVA fibrin performed better in terms of the drying shrinkage. In conclusion, UHPC with more than 120 MPa can be achieved with normal synthetic and steel fibre without special treatment.
Tolerance of the MIMOSIS-1 CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor to ionizing radiation
Authors: Darwish H. , Andary J. , Arnoldi-Meadows B. , Artz O. , Baudot J. , Bertolone G. , Besson A. , Bialas N. , Bugiel R. , Claus G. , Colledani C. , Deveaux M. , Dorokhov A. , Dozière G. , El Bitar Z. , Fröhlich I. , Goffe M. , Hebermehl F. , Himmi A. , Hu-Guo C. , Jaaskelainen K. , Keller O. , Koziel M. , Matejcek F. , Michel J. , Morel F. , Müntz C. , Pham H. , Schmidt C.J. , Schreiber S. , Specht M. , Spicker D. , Stroth J. , Valin I. , Weirich R. , Zhao Y. , Winter M.
Published: June 2023

MIMOSIS is a CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (CPS) developed to equip the Micro Vertex Detector (MVD) of the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR/GSI. The sensor will combine a spatial resolution of -5 µm with a time resolution of 5 µs and provide a peak hit rate capability of ∼80 MHz/cm2. To fulfil its task, MIMOSIS will have to withstand ionising radiation doses of ∼5 MRad and fluences of ∼7 × 1013 neq/cm2 per year of operation.

The paper summarises major requirements of the CBM-MVD and compares them to the detection performances of the first full scale prototype, called MIMOSIS-1, recently evaluated in the laboratory and with particle beams. The tolerance of the sensor to the expected ionising radiation load was evaluated; the paper describes the measurements performed and their outcome.
Clinical Examination of Foot and Mouth Disease of Dairy Cows in Sukamurni, Cilawu, Garut, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ismail I , Indarjulianto S , Yusuf S , Purba F Y
Published: June 2023

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cattle, sheep, goats, buffalo, pigs, and other animals with cloven hooves. It is a transboundary animal disease that seriously affects livestock productivity and disrupts trade in live animals and animal products worldwide. Indonesia was declared free of FMD in 1986, then vaccination and FMD vaccine production were banned. In April 2022, FMD was detected in cattle in some provinces in Indonesia, including West Java. This study investigated the clinical signs of FMD-positive dairy cows from 20 to 30 May 2022, in Sukamurni village. A total of 284 dairy cows were confirmed FMD by the laboratory and investigated for their clinical signs by direct examination and questionnaire. The result revealed lactating cows account for 42.6% of total positive cases, followed by pregnant cows (24.3%) and calves (11.27%). The main clinical signs were lameness (including lesions on foot) and excessive salivation (77.27%). Milk production was decreased on day 3 and returned to normal on day 10 after infection. Most cows reported clinical signs up to 3-4 weeks. In conclusion, these results suggest that lameness and excessive salivation are the most common clinical signs of FMD in dairy cows.
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Four Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) Variants from Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Andrian K N , ‘Aisy N R , Novindasari B B M , Nurrahmi I A , Santi M D , Haryanto A
Published: June 2023

Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) is an ornamental fish with many hobbyists because of the beauty of its color pattern. Koi fish are widely cultivated around the world. Indonesia is a country that has many koi fish breeders and hobbyists. Crossbreeding between variants of koi fish can form a new variants. and provide a lot of genetic variation. This study aims to determine the variations and genetic relationships of koi fish that are widely cultivated in Indonesia. This study used 40 koi fish originating from fish farmers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Koi fish variants used are Kohaku, Showa, Sanke, and Shiro. This research uses amplification method with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker which is OPA-1 and OPA-9. The results of the RAPD-PCR showed 14 bands from the OPA-1 primer and 5 bands from the OPA-9 primer with a total of 19 bands consisting of 18 polymorphic bands and 1 monomorphic band from the four samples of koi fish variants. The results of the polymorphism analysis showed that the polymorphisms of the Shiro variants is 63.16%, Showa 47.37%, Kohaku 36.84%, and Sanke 31.58%. Genetic distance calculation using the Nei genetic distance shows that the Kohaku variant has a close genetic distance to the Showa variant and the Sanke variant has a close genetic distance to the Shiro variant.
The Effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Supplementation on Post-Weaning Goat Performance
Authors: Nugroho Ndoni , Alamsyah Rifqi , Wardani Amelia Syahidna , Maulana Hamdani , Wiratni  , Marbelia Lisendra , Tanto Daniel , Baliarti Endang
Published: June 2023

Palm oil mill effluent (POME), which is the one of by-product of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) processing, contains high nutrients and has the potential as an animal feed ingredient. This study aims to determine how supplementation of POME in the ration affects feed consumption, average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in post-weaning goats. Thirteen Bligon goats were divided into two groups, the control group was given forage and concentrate feed, and the treatment group was supplemented with 10% POME. The study was conducted for one month. The data studied were feed consumption, ADG, and FCR. Data analysis using T-Test. The results showed that the dry matter consumption of the treatment group compared to the control group was 0,53 ± 0,02 vs 0,39 ± 0,02 kg/head/day 63,07 ± 3,72 vs 55,34 ± 3,31 g/ kg0,75, crude protein consumption was 0,07 ± 0,04 vs 0,05 ± 0,04 kg/head/day 7,85 ± 0,46 vs 6,52 ± 0,36 g/ kg0,75, total digestible nutrients consumption was 0,30 ± 0,01 vs 0,22 ± 0,01 kg/head/day 35,47 ± 2,09 vs 31,05 ± 1,77 g/ kg0,75 (P<0.05), ADG was 67,85 ± 19,42 vs 55,61 ± 10,68 g/head/day (P<0,05) and FCR was 8,54 ± 2,85 vs 7,44 ± 2,03 (P>0,05). In conclusion, the supplementation of POME significantly improves the performance of weaning Bligon goats so that they can be used as supplementation feed to reduce production costs.
Resistance finding of Bacillus anthracis towards penicillin in East Java, Central Java, and Yogyakarta Provinces, Indonesia
Authors: Apriliana U I , Ruhiat E , Mariyono  , Wibawa H , Untari T , Indarjulianto S
Published: June 2023

Anthrax is a worldwide distributing zoonotic disease, caused by Bacillus anthracis, which occurs sporadically in Indonesia, particularly in the provinces of East Java, Central Java, and Yogyakarta, which are the working areas of the Disease Investigation Center (DIC) Wates. Penicillin has been the primary antimicrobial treatment recommended for anthrax since there has never been a report of resistance to this antibiotic in Indonesia. The objective of this research was to assess the sensitivity of B. anthracis isolates from Central Java, East Java, and Yogyakarta to penicillin and tetracycline. Sixteen B. anthracis isolates from DIC Wates collected between 1990-2021 recovered from environmental samples were used in this study. All isolates were identified by phenotype, then tested for sensitivity to penicillin and tetracycline by agar diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) and broth dilution method. The data obtained were compared with the standard and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that all isolates were B. anthracis. One of 16 isolates (6,25%) consistently showed resistance to penicillin, but was sensitive to tetracycline, while 15 isolates (93,75%) showed sensitive to both antibiotics. A penicillin-resistant isolate was soil sample from anthrax endemic area. In conclusion, there was B. anthracis isolate that was found resistance to penicillin. Therefore, tetracycline can be used as an alternative for anthrax treatment.
Anthelmintic Resistance Status in Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Seven Different Breeds of Sheep in intensive management
Authors: Martindah E , Sawitri D H , Wardhana A H , Ekawasti F , Dewi D A
Published: June 2023

The severe use of anthelmintics to control gastrointestinal nematodes has become an essential issue in many countries, especially related to resistance issues. A study was carried out to determine the anthelmintic resistance status of intestinal nematodes of sheep, which were kept intensively in Bogor District, Indonesia. A total of 220 sheep of 7 breeds that routinely received Benzimidazole anthelmintics group to control gastrointestinal nematode were designated for this study. The animals were divided into 7 groups based on the breed and treated with Albendazole at the required dose. The Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) method was used to evaluate the anthelmintic’s effectiveness. The mean fecal egg count reduction was recorded at seven and fourteen days of treatment. The result indicated that 7 breeds of sheep were resistant to the anthelmintic used. Garut Local and Barbados Cross breeds showed relatively high resistance to Albendazole, with the mean fecal egg count at fourteen days of treatment being 60.24% and 67.97%, respectively. Haemonchus spp. larvae were the nematode larvae of strongyles species that grew the most in each breed of sheep from the fecal samples on day 0 (before treatment), day 7, and day 14 after treatment.
The Quality of KUB Rooster Sperm with Vitamin E and C Supplementation During Room Temperature Storage
Authors: Arif Makruf , Gunawan Ryan Ahmad , Kusumawati Asmarani
Published: June 2023

Antioxidant supplementation to semen extenders can help to maintain rooster sperm quality. This study determined how vitamins E and C affected the quality of KUB sperm at room temperature. Semen collection from 12 KUB roosters used dorso abdominal massage method, twice a week. Semen samples were then diluted using LR-EY extender with three treatments: LR-EY without antioxidant as the control, LR-EY supplemented 0.05 mg/ml vitamin E, and 0.2 mg/ml vitamin C. The diluted semen samples were then stored at room temperature, then motility and viability were examined at 0, 1st, 2nd, and 4th hour. The results showed that the percentage of motility between treatment groups and time points differed not significantly (P>0.05). However, vitamin E supplementation had a significant (P<0,05) effect on the percentage of viability in the 2nd and 4th hour. Supplementation of vitamin E 0.05 mg/ml was able to maintain the viability of KUB rooster sperm at 2nd hour (88.75 ± 1.50%) and 4th hour (84.75 ± 2.63%). It can be concluded that vitamin C cannot maintain sperm quality significantly, but vitamin E can preserve the viability of KUB rooster sperm significantly at room temperature.
Impact of Natural Hazards on the Operation of Powered Roof Support in Polish Hard Coal Mines
Authors: Borska Beata
Published: June 2023

The powered roof support is mainly used in natural hazard conditions. Natural hazards in Polish mining include methane hazards, gas and rock ejections, coal dust explosions, climate hazards, water hazards, landslides, eruptions, hydrogen sulphide hazards, radioactive substances hazards and rock mass tremors. The latter has a significant impact on the operation of powered roof support. The work analyses rock mass tremor risks in the last ten years. The study showed an intense increase in this hazard, which significantly affects the work safety of people operating machines and devices in mining excavations. The paper takes into consideration surveys carried out among employees working in conditions of rock mass shock risk. The purpose of the study was to obtain information on the safe operation of powered roof supports. The data allowed us to draw conclusions regarding the possibility of increasing work safety regarding rock mass shock risk conditions.
Delineation of groundwater potential zones in northern Omdurman area using electrical resistivity method
Authors: Mohammed Musaab A. A. , Szabó Norbert P. , Szűcs Péter
Published: June 2023

This study is conducted in the northern Omdurman area to delineate groundwater potential zones using electrical resistivity method. Omdurman is the most ancient city known as the historical capital of Sudan. Geoelectric survey employing vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique is carried out to explore the availability of groundwater in the study area. The measurements were conducted using Schlumberger configuration. In this study, twelve VES points are measured along four profiles. The measured data is processed and interpreted using 1D geophysical inversion technique constrained by lithological data obtained from two boreholes. The integration of electrical and geological data led to a reliable interpretation of the geophysical model. The obtained results revealed that the geological succession of the study area is mainly composed of five layers of recent deposits, clay, sandy clay, silicified and ferruginous sandstone, and sandstone. According to the resulting hydrogeological sections, the water-bearing formation is composed mainly of coarse sandstone and varies in thickness under confined conditions. The geoelectrical sounding method successfully fulfilled the aims of the study. Nevertheless, detailed hydrogeological and geophysical investigations need to be carried out for a comprehensive characterization of the groundwater aquifer.
Combined method for calculating the total erosion of channels composed of easily erodible grounds
Authors: Bazarov D , Kan E , Atajanova D
Published: June 2023

Riverbed processes on rivers composed of easily eroded soils differ in intensity. Therefore, deformation calculation methods are needed that take into account the characteristic features of such rivers. These features can be taken into account by introducing into the composition of the initial equations of dependencies reflecting the features of the alluvial regime and the nature of deformations. To this end, based on the analysis of existing empirical dependencies and actual data of the total erosion below the Takhiatash hydro unite (Amu Darya River, Uzbekistan), the structure and type of dependence of the transporting capacity of the stream on the main parameters of the channel and the morphometric dependence of the width of the stable channel on the average depth were selected. The proposed combined calculation method is based on the theoretical equations of deformation (Saint-Venant) and the equation of fluid motion (Bernoulli) and empirical dependencies for determining the average turbidity of the flow and the width of the channel. With the use of these equations, the calculation of the total erosion below the Takhiatash hydrounite on the Amu Darya River was carried out. Comparison of the calculation results and the actual data showed their satisfactory convergence. The proposed method can be applied to calculate channel deformations on rivers composed of easily eroded soils when regulating the flow of retaining structures.
Environmental impact analysis of PCC cement products (Portland Composite Cement) using LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)
Authors: Noviani Lilis , Haryono Eko , Supartono Wahyu , Sahali Imron , Juliani Feni Eka
Published: June 2023

The cement industry has a strategic position in the Indonesian economy. The cement industry, which significantly contributes to the environment due to the use of resources and the resulting emissions, faces challenges in environmental sustainability. Composite portland cement uses less clinker composition and is considered more environmentally friendly. This study attempts to find the hotspots of the cement production process by life cycle assessment (LCA) and evaluates several improvement scenarios in which the best available technologies and energy substitution measures are considered. The assessment was carried out using a cradle-to-gate approach. The potential primary environmental impacts of composite portland cement using the EPD method (2018) are global warming potential (GWP) of 601 kgCO2eq, acidification (AP) of 0.928 kg SO2eq, the potential for eutrophication of 0.385 KgPO4eq, the potential for depletion of the ozone layer. of 0.0000043 Kg CFC-11 eq. Calcination is a critical hotspot for tackling climate change. Hotspots or processes with the largest contribution to the impact of GWP are CO2 emissions from clinkerization operations of 84.80%. The biggest potential impact is GWP which has the largest normalised value among other potential impacts. The biggest impact contribution is at the stages of the production process caused by CO2 emissions of 92%. The recommended scenario to reduce the potential impact of GWP is to increase the thermal substitution rate using alternative fuels and carbon capture technology.
The accuracy of landslide susceptibility map in the regional spatial plan with landslide event in Lima Puluh Kota Regency
Authors: Ahyuni  , Susetyo Bigharta Bekti , Purwaningsih Endah , Nur Hamdi , Oktari Fadhilla , Purwati Indah
Published: June 2023

Spatial plan is a reference in spatial development in Indonesia. One of the information displayed is landslides susceptibility area. Lima puluh kota regency in province of West Sumatra, which is located in the Bukit Barisan mountains, is a landslide-prone area, so that the regional spatial plan (RTRW) document contains a map of landslide susceptibility areas. This study evaluates the accuracy of the landslide susceptibility map contained in the regional spatial plan with landslide events in the regency until 2021, using the overlay method and then examining with the characteristics that affect it. The results of the study show that not all landslide events are in the locations indicated on the map in the spatial plan. It is necessary to improve the information on the landslide susceptibility map on a regional scale which has been based on the InaRisk map published by the BNPB (National Disaster Management Agency) on a small scale. In order to be more accurate with the causal factors, it is needed to improve the method of landslide susceptibility maps at the regional level. The methods that have been heuristic in nature need to be improved with statistical methods.
Conservation and characterization of karst water using morpho-hydrogeological methods in Pindul Cave system, Gunungsewu Karst, Java, Indonesia
Authors: Agniy R F , Haryono E , Adji T N , Cahyadi A , Azima F
Published: June 2023

Pindul Cave system is one of the essential water resources in Wonosari Basin. Pindul Cave has a perennial flow and is used to cave tubing. Administratively, this research was conducted in Pindul Cave and its surrounding areas located in Karangmojo District, Gunungkidul Regency. The aim of this research are: (1) to analyze the underground flow system in Pindul Cave (2) to estimate the catchment area of Pindul Cave using morphology approach (3) to propose management action of the catchment area. The method used in this study using a survey method that is divided into several stages include the preparation stage, the fieldwork stage, and the post-field stage. The preparation stage includes site selection study, discharge measurement site selection, site selection, and injection of dye tracer. The fieldwork stage is ground check survey, discharge measurements, and tracer tests. The post-field stage is analyze breakthrough curve, and making the management action of catchment area. The results of this research are: (1) based on tracer test result show that, Pindul cave stream is supplied from 2 sources, namely those originating from the cave system and those originating from surface runoff; (2) the estimated catchment area of the Pindul Cave system using a morphological approach is 15,44 km2; (3) Propose management action for the catchment area of the Pindul Cave system are not mining in the upstream area, not throwing garbage in the upstream underground river, continuing to apply the rules with restrictions on visitors to Pindul Cave in accordance with the carrying capacity.
Spatial distribution and analysis of safe schools in Selo District, Boyolali Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Muryani Chatarina , Sarwono  , Noviani Rita
Published: June 2023

Selo District is one of the districts in Boyolali Regency, which is closest to the peak of Mount Merapi. The study aimed to determine (1) the spatial distribution of elementary schools in Selo district, (2) analyze the level of school’s vulnerability to the Mount Merapi eruption, and (3) the readiness of the safe school to deal with the Merapi mount eruption. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a spatial approach. They are determining the location and condition of each school by direct observation in the field using GPS; data on school readiness in dealing with volcanic eruption disasters with in-depth interviews with school principals. The results showed that (1) There were 27 elementary schools, two junior high schools, and one high school in Selo District, which were evenly distributed; (2) There are five schools of which are included in Disaster Prone Areas (KRB) 2, there are SDN-1 Telaga Lele, SDN-2 Telaga Lele 1, SDN-3 Jrakah, SDN-2 Klakah, and SDN-1 Suroteleng. (3) Most of the school’s preparedness for the eruption of Mount Marapi is low, although there are already teachers representing schools who have undergone disaster training.
Community adaptive capacity to drought in Kakap Springs catchment area
Authors: Wijayanti Pipit , Hidayati Farida , Zamani Muhammad Zaki
Published: June 2023

Water in karst areas flows deep below the surface due to geological causes, making it difficult to get pure air on the surface. The karst region has passed with drought as a result. In the watershed Kakap Springs, this paper will examine the adaptability of the community to drought. The study area covers seven villages. The evaluation uses a quantitative descriptive method based on human, social, natural, physical, and financial factors. Adaptation capacity in the research area varies with the driving factor is financial. This is because exposure to drought has been going on for a long time and every year, so people have prepared themselves financially. Intensive exposure also causes the distribution of adaptive capacity in each village to be regulated at a moderate level. It is necessary to increase social capacity so that the adaptive capacity of the community becomes higher.
Open-pit coal mining exacerbates urban heat island in Bontang City, Indonesia
Authors: Nisaa R M , Fawzi N I
Published: June 2023

Global energy demand has surged, especially on coal commodities. To accommodate the demand, open-pit coal mining became a faster and cheaper solution, but left a land-use change and degradation. This research tried to examine the impact of open-pit coal mining on urban heat island (UHI) in Bontang city. The study used multitemporal Landsat images (2002 and 2019) to assess land surface temperature. Then, the UHI and non UHI area were calculated and excluded the sea for the calculation. As a result, UHI was only distributed in the centre of Bontang city. In 2019, UHI intensity distributed in the city centre and also occurred in the open-pit coal mining area with the UHI intensity >5°C distributed equally. The UHI intensity in coal mining is higher than the city. The impact was causing discomfort for the people and could lead to health problems due to interaction with air pollution from mining activities. This study concludes mining should be accompanied with restoration to enhance quality of life and other environmental benefits.
Strategy to increase the competitiveness of the slopes of Mount Muria coffee based on social enterprise
Authors: Banowati Eva , Suryadi Andi , Gustaman Fulia Aji , Hermanto Fredy , Setiyaningrum Arfia , Suryani Riska Widya , Nisa Ngainun
Published: June 2023

Robusta Coffee cultivation on Mount Muria at an altitude of 700 masl, which in the last two years, production reached 1,500 tons per year, an increase of 30 percent from the total land area of 2,200 hectares (2019-2021) (seputarmuria.com, 2021)—coffee cultivators by the people whose management serves as life support. Coffee farmers experience marketing problems; they sell raw coffee beans to local intermediaries, and only a tiny portion is processed. Post-harvest processing to make coffee powder ready for consumption traditionally. The strategy to increase the competitiveness of coffee needs to do so through community empowerment based on social enterprise. Data collection methods were field surveys, structured interviews, FGDs, and literature studies. Data analysis described the coffee farming business and the preparation of development strategies using SWOT analysis. The results showed that Lereng Muria coffee farmers carried out vegetative grafting using the top working method: robusta shoots with superior robusta shoots to get new varieties without killing old plants so that production and yields were high. Most farmers grow coffee by utilizing the forest floor and interspersing it with other commodity crops, including pomelo, cloves, teak, and silk tree. After harvests, the coffee beans are dried directly under the sun, go to the mill, and sold to intermediaries. After doing a SWOT analysis, the average IFE value is 0.63, and the EFE value is 1.13. Recommended 12 development strategies to increase competitiveness, including improving the grafting breeding system, strengthening cooperation between farmers and other stakeholders, improving crop sales management, increasing farmers’ knowledge about climate change and pest control, and other strategies.
Non-invasive optical characterization and estimation of Zn porosity in gas tungsten arc welding of Fe–Al joints using CR model and OES measurements
Authors: SRIKAR Sai , KUMAR Tinku , KIRAN Degala Venkata , GANGWAR Reetesh Kumar
Published: June 2023

In this study, we employed a non-invasive approach based on the collisional radiative (CR) model and optical emission spectroscopy (OES) measurements for the characterization of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) discharge and quantification of Zn-induced porosity during the GTAW process of Fe–Al joints. The OES measurements were recorded as a function of weld current, welding speed, and input waveform. The OES measurements revealed significant line emissions from Zn-I in 460–640 nm and Ar-I in 680–800 nm wavelength ranges in all experimental settings. The OES coupled CR model approach for Zn-I line emission enabled the simultaneous determination of both essential discharge parameters i.e. electron temperature and electron density. Further, these predictions were used to estimate the Zn-induced porosity using OES-actinometry on Zn-I emission lines using Ar as actinometer gas. The OES-actinometry results were in good agreement with porosity data derived from an independent approach, i.e. x-ray radiography images. The current study shows that OES-based techniques can provide an efficient route for real-time monitoring of weld quality and estimate porosity during the GTAW process of dissimilar metal joints.
Impact of surgical-site infection on health utility values: a meta-analysis
Authors: McFarland Agi M , Manoukian Sarkis , Mason Helen , Reilly Jacqui S
Published: June 2023

Background

Surgical-site infections (SSIs) are recognized as negatively affecting patient quality of life. No meta-analysis of SSI utility values is available in the literature to inform estimates of this burden and investment decisions in prevention.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database was performed in April 2022 in accordance with PROSPERO registration CRD 42021262633. Studies were included where quality-of-life data were gathered from adults undergoing surgery, and such data were presented for those with and without an SSI at similar time points. Two researchers undertook data extraction and quality appraisal independently, with a third as arbiter. Utility values were converted to EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D™) estimates. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model across all relevant studies, with subgroup analyses on type and timing of the SSI.

Results

In total, 15 studies with 2817 patients met the inclusion criteria. Six studies across seven time points were used in the meta-analysis. The pooled mean difference in EQ-5D™ utility in all studies combined was –0.08 (95 per cent c.i. −0.11 to −0.05; prediction interval −0.16 to −0.01; I2 = 40 per cent). The mean difference in EQ-5D™ utility associated with deep SSI was −0.10 (95 per cent c.i. −0.14 to −0.06; I2 = 0 per cent) and the mean difference in EQ-5D™ utility persisted over time.

Conclusion

The present study provides the first synthesized estimate of SSI burden over the short and long term. EQ-5D™ utility estimates for a range of SSIs are essential for infection prevention planning and future economic modelling.
Development of the Escalation of Therapy or Intervention (ETI) Calculator for Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Using ePROMs
Authors: Matini Lawrence , Chapman Thomas P , Kantschuster Ramona , Wilson Jean , Tarafdar Adib , Hussain Moheez , Song Kaiyang , Simadibrata Daniel M , Seeva Pavetha , White Lydia , Slater Jessica , Kormilitzin Andrey ,   IBD Cohort Investigators, Collins Gary , Travis Simon P L , Walsh Alissa
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims

Digital collection of patient-reported outcome measures [PROMs] is largely unexplored as a basis for follow-up for patients with ulcerative colitis [UC]. Our aim was to develop a model to predict the likelihood of escalation of therapy or intervention at an outpatient appointment that may be used to rationalize follow-up.

Methods

TrueColours-IBD is a web-based, real-time, remote monitoring software that allows longitudinal collection of ePROMs. Data for prediction modelling were derived from a Development Cohort, guided by the TRIPOD statement. Logistic regression modelling used ten candidate items to predict escalation of therapy or intervention. An Escalation of Therapy or Intervention [ETI] calculator was developed, and applied in a Validation Cohort at the same centre.

Results

The Development Cohort [n = 66] was recruited in 2016 and followed for 6 months [208 appointments]. From ten items, four significant predictors of ETI were identified: SCCAI, IBD Control-8, faecal calprotectin, and platelets. For practicality, a model with only SCCAI and IBD Control-8, both entered remotely by the patient, without the need for faecal calprotectin or blood tests was selected. Between 2018 and 2020, a Validation Cohort of 538 patients [1188 appointments] was examined. A 5% threshold on the ETI calculator correctly identified 343/388 [88%] escalations and 274/484 [57%] non-escalations.

Conclusions

A calculator based on digital, patient-entered data on symptoms and quality of life can predict whether a patient with UC requires escalation of therapy or intervention at an outpatient appointment. This may be used to streamline outpatient appointments for patients with UC.
Silent cerebral lesions following catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Calvert Peter , Kollias Georgios , Pürerfellner Helmut , Narasimhan Calambur , Osorio Jose , Lip Gregory Y H , Gupta Dhiraj
Published: June 2023

Atrial fibrillation is associated with neurocognitive comorbidities such as stroke and dementia. Evidence suggests that rhythm control—especially if implemented early—may reduce the risk of cognitive decline. Catheter ablation is highly efficacious for restoring sinus rhythm in the setting of atrial fibrillation; however, ablation within the left atrium has been shown to result in MRI-detected silent cerebral lesions. In this state-of-the-art review article, we discuss the balance of risk between left atrial ablation and rhythm control. We highlight suggestions to lower the risk, as well as the evidence behind newer forms of ablation such as very high power short duration radiofrequency ablation and pulsed field ablation.
The organization and output of the ‘controlled English leather economy’, 1711–1830
Authors: Henderson Stuart
Published: June 2023

This article examines, in detail, the organization and regulation of the English leather economy during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, looking at the total output as outlined in the excise records pertaining to the three key leather outputs: leathers tanned, tawed and dressed in oil. This research aims to identify and review what this article terms the ‘controlled leather economy’, a period defined by extensive government control and restrictions, and one in which growth and technological developments were greatly inhibited.
Clinical and hemodynamic outcomes of the Perceval sutureless aortic valve from a real-world registry
Authors: Concistré Giovanni , Baghai Max , Santarpino Giuseppe , Royse Alistair , Scherner Maximilian , Troise Giovanni , Glauber Mattia , Solinas Marco
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVES

Perceval sutureless valve has been in clinical use for >15 years. The aim of this study is to report the real-word clinical and haemodynamic performance from the SURE-aortic valve replacement international prospective registry in patients who underwent aortic valve replacement with Perceval valve.

METHODS

From 2011 to 2021, patients from 55 institutions received a Perceval valve. Postoperative, follow-up, and echocardiographic outcomes were analysed.

RESULTS

A total of 1652 patients were included; mean age was 75.3 ± 7.0 years (53.9% female); mean EuroSCORE II was 4.1 ± 6.3. Minimally invasive approach was performed in 45.3% of patients; concomitant procedures were done in 35.9% of cases. Within 30 days, 0.3 and 0.7% valve-related reinterventions were reported. Transient ischaemic attack, disabling and non-disabling strokes were limited (0.4%, 0.4% and 0.7%, respectively). Pacemaker implant was required in 5.7% of patients. Intra-prosthetic regurgitation ≥2 was present in 0.2% of cases, while paravalvular leak ≥2 in only 0.1%. At a maximum follow-up of 8 years, 1.9% of cardiovascular deaths and 0.8% of valve-related reintervention occurred. Among the 10 cases of structural valve deterioration (mean 5.6 ± 1.4 years after implant; range: 2.6–7.3 years), 9 were treated with a transcatheter vale-in-valve implantation and 1 with explant. Mean pressure gradient decreased from 45.8 ± 16.5 mmHg preoperatively to 13.3 ± 5.2 mmHg at discharge and remained stable during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

This experience represents the largest prospective real-world cohort of patients treated with Perceval showing that Perceval is a safe and effective alternative to conventional surgical aortic valve replacement, providing favourable clinical and haemodynamic results also at mid-term follow-up.