bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Schoolteachers' Intention and Behaviour of Promoting Cyber-Safety Awareness
Authors:   the Department of Information Systems, School of Computing, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, South Africa, Mabitle Kagisho , Kritzinger Elmarie
Published: February 2021

School learners are attractive candidates for cyber-safety attacks. Advances in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) devices, and the surge in Internet usage, poses significant risks to users with poor cyber-safety awareness and security practices. An example of such users are school learners. Therefore, school learners should be made aware of cyber-safety or safe Internet usage, through awareness programmes as early as possible. Applying the classical Theory of Planned Behaviour in a survey of 109 schoolteachers across 18 schools in 2 districts, the results of a multiple regression analysis unveil that: 1) attitude does not predict the schoolteachers’ intention to raise cyber-safety awareness at their schools in the next 12 months, nor does it predict the schoolteachers’ behaviour of raising cyber-safety awareness in their teaching; and 2) subjective norms and perceived behavioural control predict the schoolteachers’ intention and behaviour. In light of this, the South African Department of Basic Education (DBE) is encouraged to identify influential schoolteachers (i.e. phase heads, sports and cultural coordinators, principals and their deputies, etc.), and to groom them into cyber-safety awareness advocates, for the purposes of influencing other teachers or their peers. Also, the DBE should provide teachers with the requisite resources, opportunities, and support which facilitates cyber-safety awareness in schools, to empower teachers to adopt this highly desired behaviour.
Local resource-based development potential as reflected in waste management/circularity transition: Governance barriers in Hungary
Authors: Varjú Viktor , Mezei Cecília , Vér Csaba
Published: February 2021

Waste as a local resource is a development opportunity for resource owners as waste may act as a foundation for bottom-up development at local levels. This paper presents the most important governance challenges that hamper a paradigmatic change in resource efficiency, a transition towards circular economy in the case of Pécs (Hungary). In recent years waste management infrastructure has evolved to provide resource potentials for recycling and reuse, this is a first step towards a (circularity) transition, however, the centralisation of power is hampering local transitions. The article concludes by arguing that in Pécs (Hungary), the transition towards a local resource-based development is impeded by a myriad of legal, institutional and administrative obstacles created by recent efforts towards institutionalisation.
Citizen involvement in waste management and circular economy in cities: Key elements for planning and implementation
Authors: Izdebska Olga , Knieling Jörg
Published: February 2021

This paper identifies and explores key elements for planning and implementing citizen involvement in the area of waste management and circular economy in cities. The analysis has shown that institutions responsible for waste management regard strategic planning, inclusivity, transparency, continuity, and resources as particularly important for reaching the objectives of citizen involvement. However, not all of the four analysed cities have applied these elements to the same extent, due to e.g. a lack of a strategy for citizen involvement, or limited personal and financial resources.
Circular economy policy-related national initiatives in Visegrad countries
Authors: Pomázi István , Szabó Elemér
Published: February 2021

The concept of circular economy (CE) has become popular in the last decade: both decision-makers and businesses are looking for alternative solutions replacing the present economic model. Official governmental documents have been selected for introducing Visegrad countries’ (V4) initiatives and monitoring the progress toward a transition to a circular economy. Based on selected material flow and resource productivity (RP) indicators, the study compares the regional differences among Visegrad countries. The current performances of the V4 in the implementation of the circular economic model are below the EU average. Moreover, it is noticeable that the dynamics of the changes of each indicator is more positive than on average in the EU, however, only moderate relative decoupling of domestic material (DMC) from GDP has occurred. When comparing individual countries, the wide range of the policy measures taken by V4 countries to support the transition to a circular economy can be considered promising. Despite the different characteristics of Visegrad countries, they show similar performances that are rather close to each other and incrementally approach to the EU average.
Nitrogen effect on the growth and yield contributing characters of Binadhan-19
Authors: Akter M. B. , Nahar N. , Rana M. S. , Hasan M. N. , Rayhan M. B.
Published: February 2021

The experiment was conducted at the BINA sub-station, Rahmatpur, Barishal, during the period from April 2020 to August 2020 to investigate the effect of nitrogen on the yield of transplant Aus rice cv. Binadhan-19. The experiment comprised four levels of nitrogen viz (a) N0 (zero nitrogen), (b) N1 (90 kg N/ha), (c) N2 (110 kg N/ha) and (d) N3 (130 kg N/ha). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at two splits. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that plant height, effective tiller, non-effective tiller, flag leaf length, filled gran, unfilled grain and 1000 grain weight were increased with increasing nitrogen doses till 110 kg N ha-1. Furthermore, the highest grain weight was recorded in 110 kg N ha-1 due to superior performance of yield contributing characters of BInadhan-19. A positive correlation was found between grain yield and total dry matter production. The experimental results concluded that 110 kg N ha-1 would be the best dose for higher gain yield in Binadhan-19 in aus season.
Pengembangan Buku Siswa Berbasis Kontekstual Bermuatan Nilai-Nilai Agama Islam Pada Materi Bioteknologi Kelas XII SMA/MA
Authors: Luthfia Syarifattul , Suratno S , Narulita Erlia
Published: February 2021

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi semakin pesat sehingga bioteknologi sebagai bidang ilmu pengetahuan harus dikuasai oleh bangsa Indonesia. Namun perkembangan bioteknologi saat ini yang semakin pesat membuat beberapa penerapan melanggar etika dan menimbulkan banyak perdebatan di berbagai bidang sehingga perlu adanya norma yang mengatur penerapannya. Upaya peningkatan mutu pembelajaran bioteknologi dapat ditempuh dengan menggunakan bahan ajar yang bermutu, salah satunya adalah buku siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dan menggunakan model ADDIE yang terdiri dari lima tahap (analisis, desain, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi). Nilai validitas buku siswa yang dikembangkan sebesar 83,43% dengan kategori sangat valid. Nilai rata-rata tes keterbacaan dan tingkat kesukaran buku siswa sebesar 91,35% dengan kategori baik. Nilai praktikum buku siswa 80,67% dengan kategori praktis. Buku siswa efektif dalam mempengaruhi siswa untuk mencapai kategori baik dalam ranah kognitif, psikomotor, dan afektif. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa buku siswa yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran bioteknologi di kelas XII SMA dan MA di Jember.

Kata Kunci : Buku Siswa, Pendekatan Kontekstual, Nilai Religius, Model ADDIE
The Experience of Doctoral Nursing Candidate in Writing Publication in Journal
Authors: Akbar Amar , Junda Tiraporn
Published: February 2021

Graduates of PhD nursing programs are expected to produce complex genres of writing such as abstracts, research grants, manuscripts for publication, and dissertations.  Research evidence shows a wide range of variability in writing among doctoral nursing students, and these variations may become more profound when exposed to complex genres. the objective of this study to explore the experience of PhD candidate in writing publication in high indexed journal. This case study used depth interview, semi structured question, Interview conducting in English, recorded voice used for transcribing data in 2 respondents from doctoral nursing candidate in Bangkok Thailand comes from Mahidol university and Chulalongkorn university. Participants’ criteria for this study are: 1) Doctoral candidate with minimum 1 publication in high indexed journal (Scopus/ ISI Thompson) 2) Doctoral nursing students that study in Thailand 3) Pass Qualifying Exam. Data analysis used modification Benner’s methods use in this study. This study exposing three themes. Theme 1: Strategies for publish. Theme 2: Support for publishing journal. Theme 3: two ways Communication with journal editors and public. Introduce scholarly writing at the undergraduate level and reinforce across the nursing education continuum, provide students with examples of quality scholarly writing, encourage student to connect with writing mentors (peers, colleagues, family, editor, faculty) are main recommendation for postgraduate student for increasing high level publication of nursing students.
The Relationship Between Moral Distress With Level of Burnout on Nurses in Intensive Care Room at the dr. Soebandi Hospital Jember
Authors: Siswoyo Siswoyo , Muhammad Nur Kholid Rosyidi , Ulya Faizatul
Published: February 2021

Moral distress is defined as psychological disequilibrium and negative feelings that results from recognizing an ethically appropriate action, yet not taking it because of such barriers. This causes an increase workload of nurses in the intensive care room, resulting burnout that affects nurses, patients and health care providers. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between moral distress and the level of burnout in intensive care room nurses at the dr. Soebandi Hospital Jember. This study used a quantitative descriptive observational analytic with the approach cross sectional design selected 47 nurses as respondents used total sampling. Data collected by Measure of Moral Distress Scale - Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The results revealed that most respondents experienced low moral distress (85.1%) and low burnout (61.7%). The bivariate analysis showed with spearman test that p-value was < 0.001 (α = 0.05; r = 0.531). There was a relationship between moral distress and the level of burnout in intensive care room nurses at the dr. Soebandi Hospital Jember with moderate and positive relationship strength. A healthy work environment plays an important role in the low level of moral distress and burnout, if there are staff skilled in communication, good collaboration between people or professions, effective decision making, proper staffing, recognition and leadership.
The Relationship between Physical Activities and Cognitive Function in The Elderly
Authors: Anugrahanti Wisoedhanie Widi , Marbun Romaden , Putri Nadia Oktiffany
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Physical activity is a factor that can inhibit cognitive decrease in the elderly. One of the preventive actions that can be done by the elderly in slowing down the decrease of cognitive function is to increase physical activity. Physical activity is thought to stimulate nerve growth which might inhibit cognitive decrease in the elderly. When doing physical activity, the brain will be stimulated so that it will increase the Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor which plays a role in keeping nerve cells fit and healthy. Based on the explanation, the aim of this study was to identify the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in the elderly. This study was a quantitative study with a categorical correlative analytic method. The study used cross sectional study design. The chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression test were used for data analysis. The results of this study stated that the overall physical activities which were exercise, mild activity, heavy activity, use of stairs and participate in social activities showed a significant relationship to cognitive function. Participating in social activities and mild activity were the most significant physical activities that showed relationship to cognitive function, with p-value = 0.001 < 0.05. In conclusion, the findings highlight that the choice of appropriate physical activity can help to maintain cognitive function in the elderly.

Keywords: physical activity, cognitive function, elderly
STUDI WATER MANAGEMENT PADA AREA PLANT PRODUKSI DI PT SEBUKU IRON LATERITIC ORES (SILO) SITE SUNGAI BALI, KECAMATAN SEBUKU, KABUPATEN KOTABARU, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Novandy Ary Rizki , Triantoro Agus , Hakim Romla Noor
Published: February 2021

PT Sebuku Iron Lateritic Ores memiliki 3 plant produksi untuk proses pengolahan dan pencucian bijih besi yaitu washing plant, crushing plant dan magnetic separator. Proses pengolahan tersebut menggunakan system open cicruit dan media air sebagai pencucian bijih besi, sumber air untuk kebutuhan proses produksi mengunakan air laut, air tampungan hujan dan air sirkulasi hasil dari proses pencucian bijih besi, air tersebut ditampung pada kolam endapan yang ada pada masing-masing plant dengan maksud mengurangi endapan lumpur sisa dari proses pencucian dan mengembalikan air dari proses tersebut untuk digunakan kembali. Tujuan dari penelitian  ini adalah menghitung persen endapan lumpur pada tiap kolam, menghitung debit air yang masuk dan keluar dari tiap kolam, menganalisa hambatan-hambatan yang terjadi, membuat simulasi pembagian kebutuhan air untuk kegiatan produksi, dan penjadwalan pengerukan kolam endapan untuk mencapai kebutuhan air sirkulasi secara maksimal.Perhitungan persen endapan lumpur pada kolam didapatkan dari hasil bottle rolling test, perhitungan pembagian kebutuhan air tambahan dari debit pompa kolam dan perhitungan debit limpasan sesuai curah hujan. Perhitungan jadwal pengerukkan kolam endapan didapatkan dari dimensi kolam dan kecepatan aliran kolam.Air yang masuk pada system open circuit sebesar 860,01 m³/jam dan air yang kembali tersirkulasi sebesar 310,49 m³/jam atau 43,9%. Jumlah endapan yang masuk ke kolam endapan WP sebesar 35% asumsi sampel 1 liter dari debit yang masuk dan 29,33% masuk ke kolam endapan MS. Kebutuhan air tambahan untuk kegiatan produksi dibutuhkan sebesar 396,64 m³/jam atau 56,1%. Jadwal pengerukkan kolam WP 2-3 hari sekali dan MS 1-15 hari sekali. Dengan simulasi rekomendasi kolam endapan baru agar air sirkulasi yang didapat maksimal maka target pengendapan menjadi 99% dan air sirkulasi dari pencucian meningkat menjadi 82% dan hanya membutuhkan air tambahan sebesar 18%. Jadwal pengendapan untuk kolam rekomendasi WP dan MS dapat dilakukan 3 hari sekali.  Kata-kata kunci: plant produksi, kolam pengendapan, system open circuit
En coup de sabre — a case report of therapeutic difficulties
Authors: Szymoniak-Lipska Marta , Cieplewicz Paulina , Polańska Adriana , Żaba Ryszard , Adamski Zygmunt , Dańczak-Pazdrowska Aleksandra
Published: February 2021

En coup de sabre (ECDS) is a rare linear form of localized scleroderma that occurs more frequently in children than in adults. The involvement of the scalp leads to cicatricial alopecia. The aim of this paper is to present a problematic case of ECDS in young female patient. Many terapeutical methods were introduced, based on guidelines described in diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations of the Polish Dermatological Society (e.g. methotrexate, oral and intravenous glucocorticoids, subcutaneous triamcinolone injections and topical high potent steroids as well as kalcineurin inhibitor (tacrolimus). The lasting improvement was not achieved. The remission was finally induced after the implementation of mycophenolate mofetil.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Peserta Didik Kelas IV SD Negeri 2 Wates Kulon Progo Semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 dalam Menyebutkan Nama dan Tugas Malaikat Allah Menggunaan Metode Smart Games
Authors: Fatkiyah Fatkiyah
Published: February 2021

The success of the teaching and learning process in the classroom is determined by the learning strategy. Without being implemented through the right strategy, the components of teaching and learning process will not have meaning in achieving goals. Therefore, each teacher will be required to implement certain strategies or methods in the implementation of learning. The aim of this study is to improve thinking skills of the student achievement after the implementation of learning strategies. This research uses action research as much as three rounds. Each round consists of four stages: design, activity and observation, reflection, and refinement. The targets of this study were grade IV students. The data obtained were in the form of test results, observational sheets of teaching and learning activities. From the results of the analyst found that student achievement has increased from cycle I to cycle III namely, cycle I (68.00%), cycle II (80.00%), cycle III (92.00%). The conclusion of this research is the smart games method and the make a match type of cooperative learning can have a positive effect on student learning motivation, and this learning model can be used as an alternative to PAI learning.
Gravitation with Cosmological Term, Expansion of the Universe as Uniform Acceleration in Clifford Coordinates
Authors: Kritov Alexander
Published: February 2021

The paper briefly reviews the Clifford algebras of space Cl(3,0) and anti-space Cl(0,3) with a particular focus on the paravector representation, emphasizing the fact that both algebras have an isomorphic center represented just by two coordinates. Since the paravector representation allows assigning the scalar element of grade 0 to the time coordinate, we consider the relativity in such two-dimensional spacetime for a uniformly accelerated frame with the constant acceleration 3Hc. Using the Rindler coordinate transformations in two-dimensional spacetime and then applying it to Minkowski coordinates, we obtain the FLRW metric, which in the case of the Clifford algebra of space Cl(3,0) corresponds to the anti-de Sitter (AdS) flat (k=0) case, the negative cosmological term and an oscillating model of the universe. The approach with anti-Euclidean Clifford algebra Cl(0,3) leads to the de Sitter model with the positive cosmological term and the exact form of the scale factor used in modern cosmology.
Molecular Identification of Cryptosporidium spp. in Patients Living with HIV / AIDS in Honduras
Authors: Betancourth Sergio , Archaga Osman , Moncada Wendy , Rodríguez Vilma , Fontecha Gustavo
Published: February 2021

Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most important causes of gastroenteritis in the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries. It is caused by the Apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium spp., and mainly affects children and immunosuppressed people, in whom it can pose a serious risk to their health, or even be life-threatening. In Honduras there are no data on parasite species or on molecular diversity or Cryptosporidium subtypes. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2019 and March 2020 for the molecular identification of Cryptosporidium spp. in 102 patients living with HIV who attended a national hospital in Tegucigalpa. Stool samples were analysed by direct microscopy, acid-fast stained smears, and a rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic test. All samples that tested positive were molecularly analyzed to identify the species and subtype of the parasite using three different markers: gp60, cowp, and 18Sr. PCR products were also sequenced. Four out of 102 samples (3.92%) were positive for Cryptosporidium parvum, and all were assigned to subtype IIa. These findings suggest a possible zoonotic transmission in this population.
QSAR Models for Active Substances Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Disk-diffusion Test Data
Authors: Bugeac Cosmin Alexandru , Ancuceanu Robert , Dinu Mihaela
Published: February 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacillus included among the six "ESKAPE" microbial species with an outstanding ability to "escape" currently used antibiotics and developing new antibiotics against it is of the highest priority. Whereas minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been used previously for QSAR model development, disk diffusion results (inhibition zones) have not been apparently used for this purpose in the literature, and we decided to explore their use in this sense. We developed multiple QSAR methods using several machine learning algorithms (Support vector classifier, K Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest Classifier, Decision Tree Classifier, AdaBoost Classifier, Logistic Regression, and Naive Bayes Classifier). The main descriptors used in building the models belonged to the families of adjacency matrix, constitutional descriptors, first highest eigenvalue of Burden matrix, centered Moreau-Broto autocorrelation, and averaged and centered Moreau-Broto autocorrelation descriptors. A total of 32 models were built, of which 28 were selected and stacked to create a meta-model. In terms of balanced accuracy, the best performance was provided by KNN, SVM and AdaBoost algorithms, but the ensemble method had slightly superior results in nested cross-validation.
Luminescence Intensity Ratio Thermometry With Er3+: Performance Overview
Authors: Ćirić Aleksandar , Gavrilović Tamara , Dramićanin Miroslav D.
Published: February 2021

The figures of merit of luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) thermometry for Er3+ in 40 different crystals and glasses have been calculated and compared. For calculations, the relevant data has been collected from the literature while the missing data were derived from available absorption and emission spectra. The calculated parameters include Judd-Ofelt parameters, refractive indexes, Slater integrals, spin-orbit coupling parameters, reduced matrix elements (RMEs), energy differences between emitting levels used for LIR, absolute and relative sensitivities. We found a slight variation of RMEs between hosts as a result of variations in values of Slater integrals and spin-orbit coupling parameters, and we calculated their average values over 40 hosts. The calculations showed that crystals perform better than glasses in Er3+ based thermometry, and we identified hosts that have large values of both absolute and relative sensitivity.
Immunohistochemical Detection of Enteroviruses in Pancreatic Tissues of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Using a Polyclonal Antibody Against 2A Protease of Coxsackievirus
Authors: Jimbo Erika , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Takeshita Akira , Mine Keiichiro , Nagafuchi Seiho , Fukui Tomoyasu , Yagihashi Soroku
Published: February 2021

The need for antiserum for immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of enterovirus (EV) in formaldehyde fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens is increasing. The standard monoclonal antibody against EV-envelope protein (VP1), clone 5D8/1, was proven to cross-react with other proteins. Another candidate marker of EV proteins is 2A protease (2Apro), which is coded by the EV gene and translated by host cells during EV replication. We raised polyclonal antiserum by immunizing rabbits with an 18-mer peptide of Coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1)-2A protease (2Apro) and examined the specificity and sensitivity for EV on FFPE tissue samples. ELISA study showed a high titer of antibody for CVB1-2Apro. IHC demonstrated that antiserum against 2Apro reacted with CVB1-infected Vero-cells. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that 2Apro labelled by the antibody located in the same cell with VP1 stained with 5D8/1. IHC demonstrated dense positive reactions pancreatic islets of EV-associated fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1DM), and located in the same cell stained positive with 5D8/1. Specificity of IHC staining FT1DM pancreas was confirmed by absorption with an excessive concentration of immunized peptide. In conclusion, our study provides a new polyclonal antiserum against CVB1 2Apro which may be useful for detection of EV-infected human tissues stored as archive of FFPE tissue samples.
Алгоритм анализа характеристик пигментной сети в диагностике меланомы
Authors: Никитаев Валентин Григорьевич , Nikitaev Valentin Grigor'evich , Тамразова Ольга Борисовна , Tamrazova Ol'ga Borisovna , Проничев Александр Николаевич , Pronichev Aleksandr Nikolaevich , Сергеев Василий Юрьевич , Sergeev Vasilii Yur'evich , Дружинина Екатерина Александровна , Druzhinina Ekaterina Aleksandrovna
Published: February 2021

Предложен алгоритм анализа характеристик пигментной сети новообразований кожи. Он базируется на оценке коэффициента отклонения средних длин сегментов пигментной сети в локальных областях новообразования от среднего значения длин сегментов линий пигментной сети по всей области новообразования. Применение алгоритма позволяет отличать типичную пигментную сеть от атипичной. Атипичная пигментная сеть является существенным признаком в определении меланомы на ранних стадиях. Алгоритм может быть использован в автоматизированных системах поддержки принятия врачебных решений при диагностике новообразований кожи.
Выбор порядка разделения многокомпонентных смесей в системах, использующих механическую энергию
Authors: Балунов Александр Иванович , Balunov Aleksandr Ivanovich , Сукин Иван Андреевич , Sukin Ivan Andreevich , Цирлин Анатолий Михайлович , Tsirlin Anatoliy Mikhailovich
Published: February 2021

Для кинетики процесса массопереноса в форме Онсагера рассмотрены задачи о порядке разделения многокомпонентной смеси, минимизирующем затраты энергии в процессах заданной производительности, и об оптимальном распределении поверхностей массопереноса (размеров аппаратов) между ступенями разделения в системах, использующих механическую или электрическую энергию. Получены алгоритм выбора порядка разделения и расчетные формулы для оптимального распределения площадей контакта. Введено понятие приведенных концентраций компонентов и фракций как отношения их концентраций к корню квадратному из удельных коэффициентов проницаемости. Дан пример расчета.
The design of OpticalGamification (OG) with random model in learning interference and diffraction
Authors: Saprudin Saprudin , Liliasari Liliasari , Prihatmanto Ary Setijadi , Setiawan Andhy , Hamid Fatma
Published: February 2021

This article describes the design and preliminary field testing of using a gamification-application with random model in the learning process of interference and diffraction topics for pre-service physics teachers (PPT). The gamification-application in this research is called OpticalGamification (OG) featuring random model. This research is a quasi-experimental research with a time-series design involving 34 PPT at a university in the city of Jakarta, Indonesia. Data related to the PPT’ concept mastery are collected through test instruments in the form of 50 questions which are an integration of multiple-choice questions, reasoned multiple-choice questions, and essays. This research resulted in a product called OG with random model with several features, including profiles, gamification, forums, achievement pages, projects and leaderboard. The result of preliminary field testing of using the OG with random model shows that the PPT’ concept mastery has increased from series 1 to the next following series.
Students' thought pattern concerning the greenhouse effect
Authors: Handayani Rifati Dina , Prastowo Sri Handono Budi , Prihandono Trapsilo , Putra Pramudya Dwi Aristya , Bachtiar Rayendra Wahyu , Nuraini Lailatul , Supriadi Bambang , Maryani Maryani , Bektiarso Singgih , Lesmono Albertus Djoko , Mahardika I Ketut
Published: February 2021

This study aims at investigating the Physics students' thought patterns concern-ing the greenhouse effect. Descriptive analysis was used, including the set of qualitative data. These data were then interpreted for their idea and content inductively to recognize students' thoughts and models concerning the greenhouse effect. The result confirmed three patterns of the students' thoughts concerning the greenhouse effect (patterns A, B, and C). The model covered different concepts, mechanisms, and processes of the greenhouse effect. The students' knowledge from science teacher explanations and books is not the only learning source concerning the educational environment. The issue and broadcast media frequently carry out confusing the concepts. This research is expected to provide physics teachers critical information to develop appropriate teaching methods and strategies concerning these topics.
Optimal Estimation for Power of Variance with Application to Gene-Set Testing
Authors: Xiao Min , Chen Ting , Huang Kunpeng , Ming Ruixing
Published: February 2021

Detecting differential expression of genes in genom research (e.g., 2019-nCoV) is not uncommon, due to the cost only small sample is employed to estimate a large number of variances (or their inverse) of variables simultaneously. However, the commonly used approaches perform unreliable. Borrowing information across different variables or priori information of variables, shrinkage estimation approaches are proposed and some optimal shrinkage estimators are obtained in the sense of asymptotic. In this paper, we focus on the setting of small sample and a likelihood-unbiased estimator for power of variances is given under the assumption that the variances are chi-squared distribution. Simulation reports show that the likelihood-unbiased estimators for variances and their inverse perform very well. In addition, application comparison and real data analysis indicate that the proposed estimator also works well.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Jordan: Single center experience
Authors: Alzyoud Raed M. , Alsuweiti Motasem O. , Almaaitah Heba Q. , Aladaileh Bushra N. , Alnoubani Mohammad K. , Alwahadneh Adel M.
Published: February 2021

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of disorders, including all forms of arthritis, which develops in children who are less than 16 years old. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory features of JIA in a single center in Jordan.Methods: A retrospective analysis of the electronic medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with JIA based on the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria during the period from 2015 to 2019 at the Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic in the Queen Rania Children’s Hospital. All patients were below the age of 14 years at the time of diagnosis and followed for at least six months. Collected data consisted of age, gender, age at initial presentation and diagnosis, JIA subtype, laboratory data, treatment options, and outcome.Results: A total of 210 patients were included in this cohort (94 males and 116 females) with the mean age at diagnosis and mean age at onset of 5.33 ± 3.40 years and 5.08 ± 3.40 years (range: 7 months – 14 years), respectively. Oligoarticular JIA was the commonest subtype (54.7%), followed by systemic arthritis (17.1%) and polyarticular arthritis (12.3%). ANA was positive in 70 patients (33.6%). Uveitis occurred in thirty (14.2%) patients.Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this study on this cohort is the first report on JIA in Jordan, in comparison with other regionally and internationally published reports. Oligoarticular JIA was found to be the most common subtype. For detailed knowledge on JIA characteristics and patterns, a population-based, rather than a single center study, should be conducted in Jordan.
Overcoming Boltzmann's Tyranny in a Transistor via the Topological Quantum Field Effect
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Bernardo Iolanda Di , Wang Xiaolin , Fuhrer Michael , Culcer Dimitrie
Published: February 2021

The sub-threshold swing is the fundamental critical parameter determining the operation of a transistor in low-power applications such as switches. It determines the fraction of dissipation due to the gate capacitance used for turning the device on and off, and in a conventional transistor it is limited by Boltzmann's tyranny to kBTln(10)/q, or 60 mV per decade. Here, we demonstrate that the sub-threshold swing of a topological transistor, in which conduction is enabled by a topological phase transition via electric field switching, can be sizably reduced in a non-interacting system by modulating the Rashba spin-orbit interaction via a top-gate electric field. We refer to this as the Topological Quantum Field Effect and to the transistor as a Topological Quantum Field Effect transistor (TQFET). By developing a general theoretical framework for quantum spin Hall materials with honeycomb lattices we explicitly show that the Rashba interaction can reduce the sub-threshold swing by more than 25% compared to Boltzmann's limit in currently available materials, but without any fundamental lower bound, a discovery that can guide future materials design and steer the engineering of topological quantum devices.
Chronic depletion of subcellular NAD pools reveals their interconnectivity and a buffering function of mitochondria
Authors: VanLinden Magali , Høyland Lena , Dietze Jörn , Tolås Ingvill , Sverkeli Lars , Niere Marc , Cimadamore-Werthein Camila , Hoeven Barbara van den , Strømland Øyvind , Sauter Roland , Dölle Christian , Davidsen Cedric , Pettersen Ina , Tronstad Karl Johan , Perez Roberto Megias , Mjøs Svein , Makarov Mikhail , Migaud Marie , Heiland Ines , Ziegler Mathias
Published: February 2021

The coenzyme NAD is consumed by signaling enzymes including poly-ADP-ribose-polymerases (PARPs) and sirtuins. Understanding the mechanisms of aging-associated NAD decline and how cells cope with decreased NAD concentrations requires model systems reflecting chronic NAD deficiency. To evoke compartment-specific over-consumption of NAD, we have engineered cell lines expressing PARP activity in mitochondria, the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, or peroxisomes. Irrespective of the compartment targeted, total cellular NAD concentrations declined by ~40%. Isotope-tracer flux measurements and mathematical modeling showed that the lowered NAD concentration limits total NAD consumption kinetically. Moreover, NAD biosynthesis rate and capacity remained unchanged, thereby also precluding an increase of total NAD turnover. The chronic NAD deficiency was surprisingly well tolerated unless the mitochondria were targeted. Oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis were little affected by NAD over-consumption in the other compartments. Likewise, peroxisomal NAD over-consumption was balanced by mitochondrial NAD decrease to maintain beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids in peroxisomes. We propose that subcellular NAD pools are interconnected, with mitochondria acting as a rheostat to facilitate NAD-dependent processes in organelles with excessive consumption.
Remote Work and the Environment: Exploratory Analysis of Indoor Air Quality of Commercial Offices and the Home Office
Authors: Sarnosky Kamrie , Benden Mark , Cizmas Leslie , Regan Annette , Sansom Garett
Published: February 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated an already existing trend of individuals increasingly working remotely. With the growing popularity of remote working, specifically in a home office, there is a critical need to better understand and characterize the potential environmental differences between these two spaces. Indoor air pollution can have adverse health effects and impair cognitive functioning. Methods: This small pilot cohort study (N=22) recruited home and office workers to better understand the indoor air quality between these spaces. Air contaminants collected and assessed included PM10 and PM2.5, carbon dioxide (CO2), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs). Results: Findings showed a strong statistically significant increase in all measured variables within homes in comparison to traditional offices (p<0.001). For instance, The mean PM2.5 level in the traditional office space was 1.93 µg/m3 whereas it was more than twice this amount (5.97 µg/m3) in home offices.Conclusion: These results indicate that those who work from home are at increased risk due to longer exposures to higher levels of certain contaminants, the importance to better develop interventions to mitigate this reality is underscored by the fact that many workers will be moving to home-based offices in the coming years.
A Highly Prevalent SINE Mutation in The Myostatin (MSTN) Gene Promoter Is Associated With Low Circulating Myostatin Concentration in Thoroughbred Racehorses
Authors: O'Hara Victoria , Cowan Amelie , Riddell Dominique , Massey Claire , Martin John , Piercy Richard
Published: February 2021

Horse racing is a popular and financially important industry worldwide and researchers and horse owners are interested in genetic and training influences that maximise athletic performance. An association has been found between the presence of a short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) mutation in the myostatin (MSTN) gene promoter and optimal race distance in Thoroughbred horses. There is previous laboratory evidence that this mutation reduces MSTN expression in a cell culture model and influences skeletal muscle fibre type proportions in horses. Manipulating MSTN expression has been proposed for illicit gene doping in human and equine athletes and already, researchers have generated homozygous and heterozygous MSTN-null horse embryos following CRISPR/Cas9 editing at the equine MSTN locus and nuclear transfer, aiming artificially to enhance performance. To date however, the role of the naturally-occurring equine MSTN SINE mutation in vivo has remained unclear; here we hypothesised that it reduces, but does not ablate circulating myostatin expression. Following validation of an ELISA for detection of myostatin in equine serum and using residual whole blood and serum samples from 176 Thoroughbred racehorses under identical management, horses were genotyped for the SINE mutation by PCR and their serum myostatin concentrations measured. In our population, the proportions of SINE homozygotes, heterozygotes and normal horses were 27%, 46% and 27% respectively. Results indicated that horses that are homozygous for the SINE mutation have detectable, but significantly lower (p<0.0001) serum myostatin concentrations (226.8pg/ml; 69.3-895.4pg/ml; median; minimum-maximum) than heterozygous (766pg/ml; 64.6-1182pg/ml) and normal horses (1099pg/ml; 187.8-1743pg/ml). Heterozygotes have significantly lower (p<0.0001) myostatin concentrations than normal horses. Variation in serum myostatin concentrations across horses was not influenced by age or sex. This is the first study to reveal the direct functional effect of a highly prevalent mutation in the equine MSTN gene associated with exercise performance. Determining the reason for variation in expression of myostatin within SINE-genotyped groups might identify additional performance-associated environmental or genetic influences in Thoroughbreds. Understanding the mechanism by which altered myostatin expression influences skeletal muscle fibre type remains to be determined.
Integrating sociotechnical factors to assess efficacy of PV recycling and reuse interventions
Authors: Walzberg Julien , Carpenter Alberta , Heath Garvin
Published: February 2021

By 2050, the cumulative mass of end-of-life photovoltaic (PV) modules may reach 80 million metric tons globally. The impacts could be mitigated by circular economy (CE) strategies including module recycling, repair, and reuse. However, previous studies of PV circularity omit consideration of critical social factors. We use a novel agent-based model to integrate social aspects with techno-economic, factors—providing a more realistic assessment of circularity potential for previously studied CE interventions and assessing additional interventions that cannot be analyzed using techno-economic analysis alone. We also performed a global sensitivity analysis using a machine-learning metamodel. We show that excluding social factors underestimates the effect of lower recycling prices on PV material circularity. Interventions aimed at changing customer attitudes about used PV boost module reuse, although used modules can only satisfy a third of US demand during 2020–2050, suggesting that reuse should be complemented by recycling.
Regulatory T Cell Function in Established Systemic Autoimmune Inflammation: Reversal and Containment of a Fatal Disease
Authors: Rudensky Alexander , Hu Wei , Wang Zhong-Min , Feng Yongqiang , Schizas Michail , Hoyos Beatrice , Veeken Joris van der , Verter Jacob , Puerto Regina Bou
Published: February 2021

The immunosuppressive function of regulatory T (Treg) cells is dependent on continuous expression of the transcription factor Foxp3. Foxp3 loss-of-function or induced ablation of Treg cells results in a fatal autoimmune disease featuring all known types of inflammatory responses with every manifestation stemming from Treg cell paucity, highlighting a vital function of Treg cells in preventing fatal autoimmune inflammation. However, a major question remains whether Treg cells can persist and effectively exert their function in a disease state, where broad spectrum of inflammatory mediators can either inactivate Treg cells or render innate and adaptive pro-inflammatory effector cells insensitive to suppression. By reinstating Foxp3 protein expression and suppressor function in cells expressing a reversible Foxp3 null allele in severely diseased mice, we found that the resulting single pool of “redeemed” Treg cells normalized immune activation, quelled severe tissue inflammation, reversed fatal autoimmune disease and provided long-term protection against them. Thus, Treg cells are functional in settings of established broad spectrum systemic inflammation and are capable of affording sustained reset of the immune homeostasis.
Intelligent Prediction of The Equivalent Circulating Density From Surface Data Sensors During Drilling By Employing Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Gamal Hany , Abdelaal Ahmed , Elkatatny Salaheldin
Published: February 2021

The precise control for the equivalent circulating density (ECD) will lead to evade well control issues like loss of circulation, formation fracturing, underground blowout, and surface blowout. Predicting the ECD from the drilling parameters is a new horizon in drilling engineering practices and this is because of the drawbacks of the cost of downhole ECD tools and the low accuracy of the mathematical models. Machine learning methods can offer a superior prediction accuracy over the traditional and statistical models due to the advanced computing capacity. Hence, the objective of this paper is to use the artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) techniques to develop ECD prediction models. The novel contribution for this study is predicting the downhole ECD without any need for downhole measurements but only the available surface drilling parameters. The data in this study covered the drilling data for a horizontal section with 3,570 readings for each input after data preprocessing. The data covered the mud rate, rate of penetration, drill string speed, standpipe pressure, weight on bit, and the drilling torque. The data used to build the model with a 77:23 training to testing ratio. Another data set (1,150 data points) from the same field was used for models` validation. Many sensitivity analyses were done to optimize the ANN and ANFIS model parameters. The prediction of the developed machine learning models provided a high performance and accuracy level with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.99 for the models' training and testing data sets, and an average absolute percentage error (AAPE) less than 0.24%. The validation results showed R of 0.98 and 0.96 and AAPE of 0.30% and 0.69% for ANN and ANFIS models respectively. Besides, a mathematical correlation was developed for estimating ECD based on the inputs as a white-box model.
Activities of Daily Living, Depression, and life Satisfaction of Elders using Rural Day Group Homes in South Korea
Authors: Bae Jeong In , Cha Nam Hyun
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting life satisfaction in the communal life of elderly people in rural areas of South Korea. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The study respondents were 143 elders (≥ 65-years-old) selected through convenience sampling. The Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), depression, and life satisfaction were measured. The data were collected from self-reported questionnaires from 1 August to 30 August 2019. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS Program. Results: The IADL scores were significantly different according to age (p < 0.001), education (p < 0.001), and cohabitation (p = 0.003), whereas depression was gender (p = 0.033), age (p = 0.006), education (p = 0.006), and cohabitation (p = 0.039). Life satisfaction was significantly different according to age (p = 0.001), education (p < 0.001), religion (p = 0.008), and cohabitation (p = 0.009). There was a positive correlation between IADL scores and depression (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between life satisfaction and the IADL scores (r = -0.39, p < 0.001) and depression (r = -.66, p < 0.001). Forty-one percent of the respondent’s life satisfaction was explained by depression (p < 0.001), religion (p = 0.021), and IADL scores (p = 0.028).Conclusion: The results of this study may be useful in understanding the life satisfaction level of elderly people in communal living and developing more specific programs for mental and activity programs. Depression management strategies are also needed.
Nomogram based on Autophagy Related Genes for Predicting the Survival in Melanoma
Authors: Deng Guangtong , Wang Wenhua , Li Yayun , Sun Huiyan , Zeng Furong
Published: February 2021

Background: Autophagy, a highly conserved lysosomal degradation pathway, isassociated with the prognosis of melanoma. However, prognostic prediction modelsbased on autophagy related genes (ARGs) have never been recognized in melanoma.In the present study, we aimed to establish a novel nomogram to predict the prognosisof melanoma based on ARGs signature and clinical parameters.Methods: Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-TissueExpression (GTEx) databases were extracted to identify the differentially expressedARGs. Univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) andmultivariate analysis were used to select the prognostic ARGs. ARG signature, ageand stage were then enrolled to establish a nomogram to predict the survivalprobabilities of melanoma. The nomogram was evaluated by concordance index(C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve.Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to assess the clinical benefits of thenomogram and TNM stage model. The nomogram was validated in GEO cohorts.Results: Five prognostic ARGs were selected to construct ARGs signature model andvalidated in the GEO cohort. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that patientsin high-risk group had significantly worse overall survival than those in low-riskgroup in TCGA cohort (P = 5.859 × 10-9) and GEO cohort (P = 3.075 × 10-9).We then established and validated a novel promising prognostic nomogram throughcombining ARGs signature and clinical parameters. The C-index of the nomogramwas 0.717 in TCGA training cohort and 0.738 in GEO validation cohort.TCGA/GEO-based ROC curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated thatthe nomogram was better than traditional TNM staging system for melanomaprognosis.Conclusion: We firstly developed and validated an ARGs signature based-nomogramfor individualized prognosis prediction in melanoma patients, which could assist withdecision making for clinicians.