bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stretchable thermogalvanic hydrogel thermocell with record-high specific output power density enabled by ion-induced crystallization
Authors: Zhang Ding , Mao Yin , Ye Fei , Li Qi , Bai Peijia , He Wen , Ma Rujun
Published: May 2022

Guanidine ion induced [Fe(CN)6]4− crystallization enables record-high thermoelectric performance in a stretchable thermogalvanic hydrogel thermocell, showing a feasible strategy for simultaneous power generation and thermal management.
Tuning particle inertial separation in sinusoidal channels by embedding periodic obstacle microstructures
Authors: Cha Haotian , Fallahi Hedieh , Dai Yuchen , Yadav Sharda , Hettiarachchi Samith , McNamee Antony , An Hongjie , Xiang Nan , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Zhang Jun
Published: May 2022

This work proposed to tune particle inertial separation in sinusoidal channels by embedding periodic obstacle microstructures and developed a cascaded inertial microfluidic device for the high-efficiency isolation of rare cells.
Atomic layer deposited tantalum silicate on crystallographically-oriented epitaxial germanium: interface chemistry and band alignment
Authors: Clavel Michael B. , Bhattacharya Shuvodip , Hudait Mantu K.
Published: May 2022

Schematic representation of TaSiOx on crystallographically-oriented Ge and its empirical impact on the TaSiOx /Ge interfacial energy band discontinuity.
Recent advances in software tools for adsorption science and engineering
Authors: Ga Seongbin , Chung Yongchul G.
Published: May 2022

We provide overviews of recent developments in the software tools for both molecular and process simulations for adsorption science and engineering.
Fast photodegradation of antibiotics and dyes by an anionic surfactant-aided CdS/ZnO nanodispersion
Authors: Jia K. , Liu G. , Lang D. N. , Chen S. F. , Yang C. , Wu R. L. , Wang W. , Wang J. D.
Published: May 2022

Raspberry shaped nanostructures synthesized by a one-pot precipitation method for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline and dyes.
Upconversion fluorescent nanoprobe based on the 4-NP reversible structure for a wide range of pH determination
Authors: Fu Meirong , Yang Min , Xu Xia
Published: May 2022

Core@shell@SiO2@4-NP, as a pH probe, responds to different fluorescent signals of acid and base under 980 nm excitation.
Oxidative versus basic asynchronous hydrogen atom transfer reactions of Mn(iii)-hydroxo and Mn(iii)-aqua complexes
Authors: Zhang Jisheng , Lee Yong-Min , Seo Mi Sook , Kim Youngsuk , Lee Eunsung , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Nam Wonwoo
Published: May 2022

This study provides valuable insights into the oxidative vs. basic asynchronous CPET mechanisms of HAT reactions to exhibit reversed electronic substitution effects on HAT reactions of Mn(iii)-hydroxo and Mn(iii)-aqua complexes.
A robust and self-healing elastomer achieved by a thio-β-diketone-Cu(ii) coordination and H-bonding dual crosslinked system
Authors: An Xiaoming , Liu Jie , Zhang Jia-Han , Huang Xinxin , Zhu Tangsong , Yan Hongping , Jia Xudong , Zhang Qiuhong
Published: May 2022

We report a novel elastomer possessing high stretchability, elasticity and self-healing ability, achieved by thio-β-diketone-Cu(ii) coordination and H-bonding dual crosslinking. Flexible sensors are fabricated based on the elastomer.
Photoredox/persistent radical cation dual catalysis for alkoxy radical generation from alcohols
Authors: Xiong Yanjiao , Zhang Xiaoyi , Guo Hong-Mei , Wu Xuesong
Published: May 2022

A mild and general strategy for the direct generation of alkoxy radicals from simple aliphatic alcohols enabled by visible-light-induced photoredox/persistent radical cation dual catalysis is developed.
Momentary click nitrile synthesis enabled by an aminoazanium reagent
Authors: Xu Liangxuan , Hu Yue , Zhu Xiang , He Lin , Wu Qing , Li Chen , Xia Chungu , Liu Chao
Published: May 2022

By using a robust aminoazanium reagent H2N-DABCO, a momentary clicking nitrile synthesis from aldehyde and various adehyde precursors was achieved.
Gd3+ and Bi3+ co-substituted cubic zirconia; (Zr1−x−yGdxBiyO2−δ): a novel high κ relaxor dielectric and superior oxide-ion conductor
Authors: Yadav Akanksha , Prakash Rajiv , Singh Preetam
Published: May 2022

The high polarizability of the Bi3+ ion coupled with synergistic interaction of Bi and Gd in the host ZrO2 lattice seems to create the more labile oxide ion vacancies that enable high oxide ion conductivity at lower temperatures.
Spatial and long–short temporal attention correlation filters for visual tracking
Authors: Zhao Jianwei , Wei Fuyuan , Chen NingNing , Zhou Zhenghua
Published: May 2022

Discriminative correlation filter is one of the quick and effective ways for studying visual tracking. However, discriminative correlation filter‐based methods still suffer from many challenging questions caused by environmental interferences, such as spatial boundary effect, temporal filter degradation, and tracking drift. A novel appearance optimisation model, named spatial and long–short temporal attention model, has been proposed based on a new spatial regularisation term and a long–short temporal regularisation term for learning the correlation filter to localise the target. On the one hand, our proposed method can improve the classical spatial regularisation term with a new weight matrix to alleviate the spatial boundary effect. On the other hand, two new temporal regularisation terms are designed: a short temporal regularisation term and a long temporal regularisation term. The short temporal regularisation term can enlarge the inner connections of the current frame and all foregoing frames to improve the tracking performances, and the long temporal regularisation term can address the influence of occlusion by using the similarity between the initial filter and the current one. Extensive experiments on various benchmarks illustrate that our proposed tracker performs favourably against several related popular trackers.
The bending of the star-forming main sequence traces the cold- to hot-accretion transition mass over 0 < z < 4
Authors: Daddi E. , Delvecchio I. , Dimauro P. , Magnelli B. , Gomez-Guijarro C. , Coogan R. , Elbaz D. , Kalita B. S. , Le Bail A. , Rich R. M. , Tan Q.
Published: May 2022

We analyse measurements of the evolving stellar mass (ℳ0 ) at which the bending of the star-forming main sequence (MS) occurs over 0 < z < 4. We find ℳ0 ≈ 1010 M⊙ over 0 < z < 1 before ℳ0 rises up to ∼1011 M⊙ at z = 2 and then stays flat or slowly increases towards higher redshifts. When converting ℳ0 values into hosting dark matter halo masses, we show that this behaviour is remarkably consistent with the evolving cold- to hot-accretion transition mass, as predicted by theory and defined by the redshift-independent Mshock at z < 1.4 and by the rising Mstream at z ≳ 1.4 (for which we propose a revision in agreement with the latest simulations). We therefore argue that the MS bending is primarily due to a drop in cold accretion, causing a reduction in available cold gas in galaxies, which supports predictions of gas feeding theory. In particular, the rapidly rising ℳ0 with redshift at z > 1 is evidence in favour of the cold-streams scenario. In this picture, a progressive fuelling reduction rather than its sudden suppression in halos more massive than Mshock/Mstream produces a nearly constant star-formation rate in galaxies with stellar masses larger than ℳ0, and not their quenching, which therefore requires other physical processes. Compared to the knee M* in the stellar mass function of galaxies, ℳ0 is significantly lower at z < 1.5, and higher at z > 2, suggesting that the imprint of gas deprivation on the distribution of galaxy masses happened at early times (z > 1.5–2). The typical mass at which galaxies inside the MS become bulge-dominated evolves differently from ℳ0, which is consistent with the idea that bulge formation is a distinct process from the phasing out of cold accretion.
L'exploration de Mars : état des lieux et nouveaux enjeux
Authors: Encrenaz Thérèse
Published: May 2022

Depuis un demi-siècle, la planète Mars a été étudiée par de nombreuses missions spatiales : aux missions de survol ont succédé les orbiteurs, puis les modules de descente et les véhicules robotiques.

Le lancement quasi simultané de trois nouvelles missions vers Mars, en juillet 2020, atteste de l'intérêt que porte à la planète la communauté scientifique, mais aussi le grand public.

Le but ultime est la recherche de formes de vie, passée ou présente. Mais, au-delà de cet objectif, certains rêvent d'une exploration habitée de la planète, voire d'une « colonisation » humaine.

Est-ce possible, et est-ce souhaitable ?
Quand les harmoniques d'un rayonnement ultraviolet extrême se focalisent
Authors: Veyrinas Kévin , Vabek Jan , Valentin Constance , Mével Éric , Constant Éric , Catoire Fabrice
Published: May 2022

Cet article présente brièvement les principales caractéristiques de la technique GHOE (génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé), puis montre comment les mettre à profit pour contrôler les propriétés spatiales d'un rayonnement ultraviolet extrême (UVX).

La GHOE présente un intérêt majeur pour l'exploitation de ce rayonnement en vue de futures applications aux échelles temporelles de la femto et de l'attoseconde, telles que l'étude de la dynamique des noyaux et des électrons ou l'imagerie de la dynamique moléculaire.
Système de diagnostic à partir de l'optimisation optique de biopuces à fluorescence
Authors: Benisty Henri , Weisbuch Claude
Published: May 2022

Le diagnostic des infections évolue vers l'identification moléculaire des agents infectieux (virus ou bactéries), méthode bien plus rapide que les cultures.

L'identification repose sur l'appariement de brins d'ADN « cibles » issus de l'agent infectieux avec des brins d'ADN complémentaires « sondes » spécifiques des cibles recherchées.

Dans le cas des puces biophotoniques, l'appariement sur les sondes disposées sur un substrat est révélé par la fluorescence localisée de fluorophores accrochés aux brins cibles.

À partir de concepts d'architectures optiques simples, un long cheminement a mené des physiciens partis des excitons et des LEDs au développement d'un système automatique de diagnostic, témoignant des processus longs et transverses de l'innovation.
Fluage : l’aboutissement d’une expérimentation de… 34 années !
Authors: Lezaud Véronique , Lefebvre Florent
Published: May 2022

Lancé le 31 octobre 1987, un essai de fluage s’est achevé 34 années plus tard, le 16 septembre 2021 avec la rupture de l’éprouvette soumise durant tout ce temps à une charge de 190 MPa à 500 °C. Au-delà des apports scientifiques sur l’étude du comportement mécanique long terme des matériaux, c’est la démonstration de la capacité du laboratoire d’étude du comportement mécanique des matériaux du CEA (DMN/SRMA/LC2M) à conduire des essais instrumentés sur plusieurs décennies.
How using architectural technology can improve reconstructing social structure in an industrial sector
Authors: Chapa Villanueva Marí , Rivera de Dios Rosa Fernanda , García-Luna Romero Ana Cristina
Published: May 2022

A Smart City is one that places people at the center of development, incorporates Information and Communication Technologies in urban management and uses these elements as tools to stimulate the formation of an efficient government that includes collaborative planning processes and citizen participation. By promoting integrated and sustainable development, Smart Cities become more innovative, competitive, attractive, and resilient, thus improving lives. The social fabric of the industrial zone of Santa Catarina, Nuevo León, presents an important social disconnection, in addition to being an industrial sector, generating considerably a lot of environmental pollution. It seeks to find solutions through technology and the model of Smart Cities and thus contribute to improving the quality of life in the area.
Responsive Architecture: New paradigms of urban relations
Authors: García-Luna Romero Ana Cristina , Flores Leal Javier Alberto
Published: May 2022

The relationship between architecture and technology throughout history has continually meant the discipline's adaptation to new technological advances. Simultaneously, the contemporary city allows us to see the processes of evolution or involution in those who think about it, design it, build it and live it. In recent years, new technologies have been introduced that allow the morphological flexibility of buildings, such as responsive architecture, where the shape of the building can be reprogrammed and adapted to its spatial environment. These technologies function as a programmed response mechanism from catalytic elements thrown by the environment, these catalysts can vary from sensory elements to bio-climatic elements. This paper seeks to reflect on a new turn of these new adaptable technologies, where the human being himself is the key catalyst in the responsive process of these new buildings. This strives to promote a methodology where, through the union of the user participation and responsive environments, it is possible to introduce a new concept of Participatory Design. In this way, a new possibility can be introduced to create buildings that are constantly at the forefront of the social needs of the communities, where users not only manage to be part of the construction and design of the building but are also part of its constant evolutionary process.
A Theoretical Framework Towards Building a Lightweight Model for Pothole Detection using Knowledge Distillation Approach
Authors: Musa Aminu , Hamada Mohamed , Hassan Mohammed
Published: May 2022

Despite recent advances in deep learning, the rise of edge devices, and the exponential growth of Internet of Things (IoT) connected devices undermine the performance of deep learning models. It is clear that the future of computing is moving to edge devices. Autonomous vehicles and self-driving cars have leveraged the power of computer vision, especially object detection to navigate through traffic safely. Nevertheless, to be able to drive on all types of roads, these new vehicles have to be equipped with a road anomaly detection system, which strikes the need for small deep learning models of detecting road anomalies that can be deployed on these vehicles for safer driving experience. However, the current deep learning models are not practical on embedded devices due to the heavy resource requirements of the models, as such cannot be deployed on embedded devices. This paper proposes a theoretical approach to building a lightweight model from a cumbersome pothole detection model that is suitable on edge devices using knowledge distillation. It presents the theoretical approach of knowledge distillation, why it is a better technique of model compression compared to the rest. It shows that a cumbersome model can be made lightweight without sacrificing accuracy and with a reduced time complexity and faster training time.
Parallelization and Hardware Mapping of Deep Neural Network on Reconfigurable Platform for AI-Enabled Biomedical System
Authors: Yuuki Okada , Wang Jiangkun , Fukuchi Tomohide , Ben Abdallah Abderazek
Published: May 2022

COVID-19 is still disrupting many parts of the world. A rapid and accurate diagnosis solution is needed to combat the pandemic. As a part of the AIRBiS(AI-Enabled Real-time Pneumonia Detection Bio-medical System), this work conduct hardware acceleration to speed up the diagnosis. We found that more than 90% of the current diagnosis time is spent on the convolution function and have conducted three methods to speed up the convolution operations. Firstly, by applying the Winograd algorithm on convolution layers, the multiplication operations of the matrices can be decreased, which speeds up the calculation. The next step is to improve the data exchange speed between the FPGA and CPU by replacing the normal buffer with LineBuffer. We also tried to improve the calculation speed by quantization, reducing the number of bits used for the filter and the input image. The FPGA board we used for this research is ZCU102. The application used for high-level synthesis is Xilinx SDSoC 2019.1. Using the mentioned approaches, we improved the inference speed from 106ms to 22.2ms per image.
Internet Of Things (IoT) awareness in Greece
Authors: Papatsimouli Maria , Lazaridis Lazaros , Ziouzios Dimitris , Dasygenis Minas , Fragulis George
Published: May 2022

Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology in which objects are embedded with sensors, software, and
other technologies to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet. The main goal of the Internet of things is the real-time operation of devices; as a result, daily life improvement and data collection are without human intervention. In this paper, we investigate IoT awareness from Greek citizens. A worldwide literature review about IoT is presented, and the results are connected with the theoretical study. Furthermore, in 2018, 22 billion devices connected with IoT worldwide, and by 2030 it is expected that 50 billion devices to be enabled too. An online questionnaire was developed by the use of Google forms and distributed via e-mail and social media. The statistical analysis of the responses of 387 participants concluded that the level of security, privacy, and familiarity significantly affects the use of IoT. Some of our hypotheses and findings in the current survey are the extent of IoT technologies that are represented in Greece, the gender that is more familiar with IoT technologies, and the association of the monthly income with IoT knowledge.
Fostering European citizenship skills to elementary school students through virtual tours and cultural heritage digital collections presented by an educational robot. The design of an educational digital game
Authors: Rammos Dimitrios , Ziouzios Dimitrios , Bratitsis Tharrenos , Dasygenis Minas
Published: May 2022

Educational robotics is increasingly used in elementary schools. Teachers use robots to design interdisciplinary activities to promote digital and other skills. These activities are, often, designed as part of educational games. This paper presents the design of a digital game developed on the educational robot EI-EDUROBOT. The game contains multiple choice questions based on videos, digital stories and virtual reality tours. The main educational objective is to cultivate European citizenship and introduce children to the European Union.
Assistive technology for an inclusive school for schoolchildren with special needs: autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Syriopoulou-Delli Christine K.
Published: May 2022

Background: The debate and research over autism spectrum disorders (ASD) encounter a theoretical and interpretive impasse that reflects our inability to provide a coherent definition. This challenge is confirmed by the current description of the condition as a spectrum, and its management stretches the limits of the various relevant fields of knowledge and research, including medicine, psychology, language and communication, education, sociology, human rights, ethics and legal issues, philosophy.

Objectives: In the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to persons with physical disabilities, technology has been tool. In the case of ASD, however, although some lines of research are focused on the study of sensory defects, the cause appears to lie, not only in perception, but also in interpretation of stimuli from the outside world. Since we entered the “digital era”, the use of technology as an assistive tool in interpretation of the surrounding world appears to provide a borderline between our knowledge and the dark area of our ignorance. For tackling this, an interdisciplinary approach is required. Which kind of assistive technology (AT) should be employed in the case of ASD, which leads us to an encounter with the theoretical and institutional void that the stormy pace of the digital transformation and evolution has created.

Methods: Searching was through PubMed, National Institute of Health (NIH) publications, the official websites of European Union , Autism Europe, resources were found in the library of the University of Macedonia. Ninety eight papers were identified through the literature review in the period 2000-2021

Results: A features of postmodern society that is taking shape under the influence of the digital technology could be the crossing from the physical reality into the virtual realm. Another feature might be the reference to symbolic language that characterizes the various different fields of knowledge, together with their protocols and communication jargon. This entails the creation of hybrid knowledge which is expanding our physical world, and which makes possible intercommunication between isolated disciplinary fields. People with ASD feel more at ease when dealing with digital entities than in interaction with other people. Also individuals who are involved in the digital realm for long periods present characteristics similar to those of ASD. Could the creation of a virtual realm be possible, which would act as a common locus between the so-called normal and people with ASD.

Conclusion: We conducted a preliminary study to explore the possibility of an interdisciplinary research program with the participation of experts from the various fields involved in the many aspects of ASD.
Die medizinische Versorgung von Menschen ohne regulären
Aufenthaltsstatus im französischen Gesundheitssystem
Authors: Wilckens Henrike , König Hans-Helmut , Hajek André
Published: May 2022

Frankreich gehört gemäß dem Index für
Integrationspolitik in Europa (MIPEX) zu den Ländern, die die
vorteilhaftesten Gesundheitsrechte für Migrant*innen
einräumen. Grund dafür ist vor allem die historisch gewachsene
Sozialhilfeleistung Aide médicale de l’État
(AME), dessen Konzept und Umsetzung anhand einer Literaturrecherche
beschrieben wird. Die AME steht beispielhaft für die Auseinandersetzung
mit der Frage, was ein angemessener Einsatz nationaler Sozialleistungen
für die Einbeziehung von Menschen ohne regulären
Aufenthaltsstatus in die Gesundheitsversorgung sein kann. Auch wenn die Hilfe in
der Tendenz zunehmend eingeschränkt wird, stellt sie im Vergleich zur
Situation in Deutschland eine national etablierte Möglichkeit der
medizinischen Versorgung von Menschen ohne regulären Aufenthaltsstatus
dar.
Zivildienstleistende zur Unterstützung pflegender Angehöriger zu Hause – Akzeptanz und Bedarf in der Schweiz
Authors: Riguzzi Marco , Bischofberger Iren , Gerlich Regina , Höglinger Marc , Otto Ulrich
Published: May 2022

Hintergrund Der Pflege- und Betreuungsbedarf von älteren, kranken und behinderten Personen in Privathaushalten ist teilweise ungedeckt und wird zunehmen. Zivildienstleistende (Zivis) könnten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Entlastung pflegender Angehöriger leisten. Allerdings sind Akzeptanz und Bedarf bei Letzteren und bei den von ihnen gepflegten Personen nicht geklärt.

Methodik 314 pflegende Angehörige und 78 Gepflegte wurden zum potentiellen Bedarf nach Zivi-Einsätzen und deren Ausgestaltung befragt: fachliche Qualifikation, Art der Pflege-/Betreuungstätigkeit, Regelmäßigkeit, Dauer des Einsatzes, Pensum und Zahlungsbereitschaft dafür. Die Antworten wurden deskriptiv und inferenzstatistisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse 87% der pflegenden Angehörigen und 90% der Gepflegten stuften Zivi-Einsätze in Privathaushalten als sinnvoll ein und die Akzeptanz war umso höher, je ausgeprägter der Pflege-/Betreuungsbedarf war. Die fachliche Qualifikation der Zivis hatte für die meisten Befragten nicht erste Priorität, sondern eine „angenehme Persönlichkeit“. Hilfe im Haushalt und Fahrdienste kamen für die große Mehrzahl in Frage, Hilfe bei der Körperpflege für 40% (Angehörige) bzw. 35% (Gepflegte).

Schlussfolgerungen Zivildienstleistende könnten eine wichtige Ressource in Privathaushalten von Personen mit Gesundheitseinschränkungen sein. Sie könnten in vielen Bereichen Unterstützung leisten, insbesondere bei Personen mit kognitiven und körperlichen Einschränkungen. Wichtig ist eine kontinuierliche und verlässliche Hilfe.
Real-time, computer-aided, detection-assisted colonoscopy eliminates differences in adenoma detection rate between trainee and experienced endoscopists
Authors: Biscaglia Giuseppe , Cocomazzi Francesco , Gentile Marco , Loconte Ilaria , Mileti Alessia , Paolillo Rosa , Marra Antonella , Castellana Stefano , Mazza Tommaso , Di Leo Alfredo , Perri Francesco
Published: May 2022

Background and study aims Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is a well-accepted quality indicator of screening colonoscopy. In recent years, the added value of artificial intelligence (AI) has been demonstrated in terms of ADR and adenoma miss rate (AMR). To date, there are no studies evaluating the impact of AI on the performance of trainee endoscopists (TEs). This study aimed to assess whether AI might eliminate any difference in ADR or AMR between TEs and experienced endoscopists (EEs).

Patients and methods We performed a prospective observational study in 45 subjects referred for screening colonoscopy. A same-day tandem examination was carried out for each patient by a TE with the AI assistance and subsequently by an EE unaware of the lesions detected by the TE. Besides ADR and AMR, we also calculated for each subgroup of endoscopists the adenoma per colonoscopy (APC), polyp detection rate (PDR), polyp per colonoscopy (PPC) and polyp miss rate (PMR). Subgroup analyses according to size, morphology, and site were also performed.

Results ADR, APC, PDR, and PPC of AI-supported TEs were 38 %, 0.93, 62 %, 1.93, respectively. The corresponding parameters for EEs were 40 %, 1.07, 58 %, 2.22. No significant difference was found for each analysis between the two groups (P > 0.05). AMR and PMR for AI-assisted TEs were 12.5 % and 13 %, respectively. Sub-analyses did not show any significant difference (P > 0.05) between the two categories of operators.

Conclusions In this single-center prospective study, the possible impact of AI on endoscopist quality training was demonstrated. In the future, this could result in better efficacy of screening colonoscopy by reducing the incidence of interval or missed cancers.
Development and validation of a novel porcine bile duct dilation model for EUS training
Authors: Sosa-Valencia Leonardo , García Vázquez Alain , Verde Juan , Wanert Fanelie , Huppertz Jerome , Swanstrom Lee
Published: May 2022

Background and study aims Image-guided minimally invasive techniques have transformed the management of malignant and benign bile duct obstructions. These evolving techniques are being widely adopted and applied and hands-on training using high quality models is required to improve the proficiency of practitioners. This experimental study aimed to validate an in vivo porcine model created to simulate bile duct dilation for interventional endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) hands-on training curriculums.

Materials and methods Thirty-six porcine models were involved and the procedures were performed in an experimental hybrid operating room under general anesthesia. Animals underwent endoscopic duodenal papilla clipping with several hemostatic metallic clips. After a survival period of 24 to 48 hours, the models with effective intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct dilatation were included in the hands-on training. Trainees and faculty were given structured evaluations of the model realism and usefulness.

Results Extrahepatic bile duct and gallbladder dilation was achieved in all 36 of the models, and in 11 of the 36 models, a treatable intrahepatic duct dilatation was achieved. During the hands-on training, EUS-guided biliary drainage, EUS-guided transgastric gallbladder drainage, and EUS through-the-needle microbiopsy forceps procedures were feasible. Overall, 75 % of the experts and trainees evaluated the training as excellent.

Conclusions We present a minimally invasive, reliable and time- effective model of extrahepatic dilation suitable for interventions. The model was less effective for intrahepatic ducts, which should be considered if intrahepatic biliary dilation is required for training.
Efficacy of specimen pasting after cold snare polypectomy for pathological evaluation of horizontal margins
Authors: Ikeda Takuya , Yoshizaki Tetsuya , Eguchi Takaaki , Kinugasa Hiroshi , Okada Akihiko
Published: May 2022

Background and study aims Several studies have reported that pathological horizontal margin evaluation cannot be diagnosed in cold snare polypectomy (CSP) specimens. We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy of pasting CSP specimens on paper for pathological horizontal margins.

Patients and methods This was a single-center, prospective study conducted at Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital. In this study, the indications for CSP were adenomas ≤ 10 mm. Colorectal polyps resected by CSP were randomized to the pasting and non-pasting groups after exclusion of fragmented specimens, and the extended CSP specimens pasted on paper were formalin-fixed in the pasting group. The primary endpoint was rate of unclear horizontal margins after CSP.

Results A total of 216 CSP specimens were analyzed. The rate of unclear horizontal margins was significantly lower in the pasting group than in the non-pasting group (15.1 % vs 33.6 %, P = 0.002). CSP specimen pasting significantly reduced the rate of unclear horizontal margins. On multivariate analysis, non-pasting group (odds ratio [OR], 2.69; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.38–5.41; P = 0.003) and right colon (OR, 1.98; 95 %CI, 1.01–4.01; P = 0.047) were independent risk factors for unclear horizontal margins in CSP specimens.

Conclusions Pasting the extended specimen is important for accurate pathological examination after CSP.
Fusion radiology in interventional endoscopy (FRIend): a new approach for pancreatic fluid collections
Authors: Sassatelli Romano , Grillo Simone , Ottone Marta , Besutti Giulia , Cecinato Paolo , Sereni Giuliana , Mirante Vincenzo Giorgio , Iori Veronica , Pattacini Pierpaolo , Rossi Paolo Giorgi
Published: May 2022

Background and study aims Fusion imaging consists of overlaying preoperative imaging over live fluoroscopy, providing an augmented live guidance. Since 2017, we have been using a new hybrid operating room (Discovery IGS 740 OR, GE Healthcare) for biliopancreatic endoscopy, combining fusion imaging with traditional endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). This study aimed to assess the advantages that fusion imaging could bring to EUS-guided drainage of post-pancreatitis fluid collections.

Patients and methods Thirty-five drainage procedures performed between 2012 and 2019 with traditional guidance and fusion imaging were retrospectively compared, assessing the overall treatment success rate – i. e. symptom improvement with complete PFC emptying – as a primary outcome.

Secondary outcomes included technical success rate, time to resolution, hospital stay length, adverse events, recurrence rate, and procedure time.

Results Patients treated with standard EUS (n = 17) and with fusion imaging (n = 18) were homogeneous in age, gender, pancreatitis etiology, and indication for drainage; the second group had larger PFCs, more frequently walled-off necrosis than pseudocysts, and were treated more emergently, indicating higher case complexity in this group. During the period when fusion imaging was adopted, procedures had a higher overall treatment success rate than during the period when standard EUS was adopted (83.3 % vs. 52.9 %, P = 0.075), and complete emptying was reached in less time (61.1 % vs. 23.6 % complete emptying within 90 days, P = 0.154), differences compatible with random fluctuations.

Conclusions This study suggests that fusion imaging in combination with EUS might improve clinical and procedural outcomes of PFC drainage.
An Overview of Green Synthesis and Potential Pharmaceutical
Applications of Nanoparticles as Targeted Drug Delivery System in
Biomedicines
Authors: Mittal Shweta , Chakole Chandrashekhar Mahadeo , Sharma Aman , Pandey Jaya , Chauhan Meenakshi Kanwar
Published: May 2022

Nanotechnology-based nanomedicine offers several benefits over conventional forms
of therapeutic agents. Moreover, nanomedicine has become a potential candidate
for targeting therapeutic agents at specific sites. However, nanomedicine
prepared by synthetic methods may produce unwanted toxic effects. Due to their
nanosize range, nanoparticles can easily reach the reticuloendothelial system
and may produce unwanted systemic effects. The nanoparticles produced by the
green chemistry approach would enhance the safety profile by avoiding synthetic
agents and solvents in its preparations. This review encompasses toxicity
consideration of nanoparticles, green synthesis techniques of nanoparticle
preparation, biomedical application of nanoparticles, and future prospects.
The Interaction of Obesity and Reproductive Function in Adolescents
Authors: Elliott Victoria , Waldrop Stephanie W. , Wiromrat Pattara , Carreau Anne-Marie , Green Melanie Cree
Published: May 2022

Obesity is increasing worldwide, including in pediatrics. Adequate nutrition is required for initiation of menses, and there is a clear secular trend toward earlier pubertal onset and menarche in females in countries around the globe. Similar findings of earlier pubertal start are suggested in males. However, as individuals and populations have crossed into over-nutritional states including overweight and obesity, the effect of excess weight on disrupting reproductive function has become apparent. Hypothalamic hypogonadism and polycystic ovary syndrome are two conditions where reproductive function appears to directly relate to excess weight. Clinical findings in individuals with certain polygenic and monogenic obesity syndromes, which also have reproductive disruptions, have helped elucidate neurologic pathways that are common to both. Clinical endocrinopathies such as hypothyroidism or panhypopituitarism also aide in the understanding of the role of the endocrine system in weight gain. Understanding the intersection of obesity and reproductive function may lead to future therapies which can treat both conditions.
A visualisation tool to understand disease prevention and control practices of stakeholders working along the poultry supply chain in southern India
Authors: Greru Chamithri , Thompson Rebekah , Gowthaman Vasudevan , Shanmugasundaram Saranya , Ganesan Nagaarjun , Murthy T. R. Gopala Krishna , Eltholth Mahmoud , Cole Jennifer , Joshi Jyoti , Runjala Ravikiran , Nath Madhumita , Hegde Nagendra R. , Williams Nicola , Prendiville Alison
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we show how we developed a visualisation tool to challenge perceived notions about biosecurity on poultry farms. Veterinarians and veterinary public health professionals tend to present biosecurity measures as a universal and cost-effective solution for preventing and controlling diseases on farms. However, we illustrate how biosecurity is an ill-defined term, making it difficult to talk about or apply in practice. As a result, we demonstrate how we moved away from using the term biosecurity in our research by designing a visualisation tool. The tool was to allow us to open up dialogue around disease prevention and control, and make tangible the tacit situated practices of stakeholders working along the poultry supply chain. Our findings show that for those working along the poultry supply chain, the term biosecurity was either consistently open to interpretation, or too rigid to reflect or allow for local variations. We conclude by highlighting how our visualisation tool offers insights into why researchers must move beyond using biosecurity as a term, and instead envisage, design, and develop local solutions to prevent and control diseases on poultry farms.
Quasi-superhydrophobic microscale two-dimensional phononic crystals of stainless steel 304
Authors: Sharma Vyom , Chandraprakash C.
Published: May 2022

Fabrication of metallic phononic and photonic crystals of characteristic size between 10 and 1000μm remains a challenge in precision using the conventional machining processes or too tedious for the cleanroom-based processes. We report the fabrication and elastodynamic bandgaps of two-dimensional phononic crystals (PhCs) machined on stainless steel 304 (SS304) substrates using the wire-electrochemical micromachining (wire-ECMM) process. Square arrays of pillars of length 400μm and cross section either 350×350μm2 or 250×250μm2 with periods 650 and 550μm, respectively, were micromachined on an SS304 homogeneous substrate. Based on these arrays, three types of PhCs were considered: air-SS304, water-SS304, and epoxy-SS304, where air, water, and epoxy are the hosts and SS304 pillars are the scatterers. We found that texturing the surface increased the contact angle of a 5-μl-water-droplet from 97.9° for an untextured SS304 substrate to a maximum of 145° for SS304 PhCs, making the latter quasi-superhydrophobic. Dispersion relations evaluated using the finite-element method revealed the presence of partial bandgaps in the 0.1–2.7 MHz for all PhCs and a complete bandgap for the epoxy-SS304 PhCs. Transmittance spectrums for incident plane waves also provided evidence for the occurrence of bandgaps. Furthermore, the buckling analysis indicated that these pillars do not undergo buckling until yield—making them mechanically robust.
Charge-carrier dynamics and regulation strategies in perovskite light-emitting diodes: From materials to devices
Authors: Xu Lili , Liu Gaoyu , Xiang Hengyang , Wang Run , Shan Qingsong , Yuan Shichen , Cai Bo , Li Zhi , Li Weijin , Zhang Shengli , Zeng Haibo
Published: May 2022

In recent years, perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have developed rapidly with the highest external quantum efficiency exceeding 20%. Their unbalanced carrier injection and non-radiative recombination assisted by defects lead to the destruction of perovskite crystal structures and poor device stability, which hinders their commercialization process. Thus, to understand the origin of device performance, the key is to figure out the charge-carrier dynamics of the devices. In this review, the charge-carrier dynamics of perovskites are discussed, including radiative and non-radiative recombination, together with the various passivation strategies. Second, we focus on the interfacial carrier dynamics and its influence on device performance. Various strategies to improve the injection balance have been implemented to address the inherent challenges associated with PeLEDs. Last but not least, the characterization techniques of PeLEDs are provided to study the carrier dynamics of PeLEDs.
Completely localized solitons and their stabilities in magnetized dusty plasma of trapped ions
Authors: Zhang Juan , Ren Xueping , Wan Xiaohuan , Zhou Yushan , Fan Xiaobei , Wang Jing , Shi Yuren
Published: May 2022

We numerically and theoretically investigated the completely localized solitons, obtained by the Petviashvili method, and their dynamical stabilities in a magnetized dusty plasma with trapped ions. The results suggest that its amplitudes are proportional to the square of its speed and inversely proportional to the square of the nonlinear interaction strength, which are also confirmed analytically. The dependence of the soliton amplitudes on various physical parameters is investigated systematically. Numerical results indicate that the localized solitons are always dynamically stable. When two localized solitons collide, their amplitudes and phase are nearly invariant. However, if a stable localized soliton collides with an unstable line soliton, the latter will evolve into a series of completely localized solitons.
Bistability of turbulent flow in open-channel expansion: Characterization and suppression
Authors: Zeng Rui , Li S. Samuel
Published: May 2022

Three-dimensional turbulent bistable flow (TBF) in an open-channel expansion is predicted using large eddy simulation. The free surface of TBF is tracked using the volume of fluid method, coupled with the level-set method. This paper aims to reveal the ensemble-average flow characteristics and explore effective ways to control bistability. For a given condition of flow approaching an expansion, either of two stable flow states can possibly occur, depending on the flow history. The predicted pressure field agrees well with experimental data. The velocity field is decomposed into deformation regions and eddy-rotation regions using the Okubo–Weiss parameter. Turbulent eddies initiated by shear instability dominate those associated with sidewall-friction force; this condition is responsible for the occurrence of bistability. Fitting a simple hump at a flat-bottom expansion is an effective way to suppress bistability. The presence of the hump shrinks eddy cores and breaks the interaction between eddies triggered by instabilities and eddies induced by friction forces; the result is an increase in flow uniformity and control of turbulence, flow separation, and vortex behavior.
Memristive switching by bulk spin–orbit torque in symmetry-broken ferromagnetic films
Authors: Xie Ronghuan , Wang Shun , Cai Li , Cui Xiaotian , Liu Senmiao , Cao Qiang , Zhang Changwen , Huang Qikun , Yan Shishen
Published: May 2022

Bulk spin–orbit torque (SOT) driven memristive switching is demonstrated in perpendicularly magnetized CoPt alloy films by introducing a composition gradient to break the inversion symmetry in the out-of-plane direction. An analog-like magnetization switching consisting of multiple intermediate states can be robustly formed by applying current pulses with different amplitudes or repetition number. The programmable magnetization manipulation is also presented in a continuous manner to simulate the weight update of biology synapses by means of ramped pulses. Furthermore, controllable switching probability dependent on pulse frequency or repetition number is manifested to emulate the integrate-and-fire function of a biological neuron. With the capability to reproduce both functionalities of synapses and neurons in commonly used CoPt films, it will be a promising candidate to advance the SOT-based neuromorphic hardware.
Quantifying heat and particle flux to primary and secondary divertors for various types of edge-localized-modes
Authors: Perillo R. , Boedo J. A. , Lasnier C. J. , Bykov I. , Marini C. , Watkins J. G.
Published: May 2022

Between 15% and 30% of edge-localized-mode (ELM) heat flux can be deposited to regions outside the main divertor including the far scrape-off-layer (SOL), private flux region (PFR), and secondary divertor inner target. Analysis shown here demonstrates that type-I and small ELM plasmas are transported to the PFR and to the secondary inner divertor, which is magnetically isolated from the outer divertor, leading to well-defined heat flux profiles and with peak values that can surpass those at the secondary outer target. Such features are consistently observed for pedestal collisionalities from νe* ∼ 1.5 to νe* ∼ 3.9. Heat flux profiles of the examined ELM types feature rippled structures due to bursts in the outer far-SOL region but not on the secondary inner target, causing long decay lengths in the time-averaged ELM profiles. The contribution of each ELM type to the total time-averaged power deposited to the secondary divertor has been evaluated, showing that grassy ELMs contribute ∼8%, small ELMs ∼67%, and type-I ELMs ∼85%. These findings imply that small ELMs may yet pose a concern for future machines if some regions of the main wall are not designed to withstand significant heat and particle fluxes. Due to the low intra-ELM heat flux contribution, however, the grassy ELM regime is an attractive option for an ELMing scenario in future machines.
Terahertz radiation generated by electron-beam-driven plasma waves in a transverse external magnetic field
Authors: Yang Shengpeng , Wang Shaomeng , Wang Zhanliang , Zhang Ping , Xia Yuxi , Tang Changjian , Gong Yubin
Published: May 2022

It is found that the plasma waves driven by an electron beam rotating in a magnetized overdense plasma can be converted into terahertz electromagnetic radiation by new mechanisms. According to the particle-in-cell simulation results, the radiation modes include a dominant extraordinary (X) mode at twice the plasma frequency 2fp and a subordinate X mode at fp. The 2fp radiation can be generated by the coupling of a beam mode and a scattered upper-hybrid (UH) mode, or by the coupling of a beam mode and a right-handed X mode. Here, the beam mode can be a UH mode or a left-handed X mode driven by the beam under the Cherenkov condition, and the right-handed X mode can be induced by high-order electron cyclotron maser instability. The fp radiation is the right- or left-handed fundamental X mode escaping from the plasma boundary. This study also shows that the breakdown of beam modulation is responsible for the radiation attenuation. The scheme proposed in this paper can be applied in high-power THz radiation sources and diagnosis of magnetized plasmas.
Steady streaming flow induced by active biological microstructures; application to small intestine villi
Authors: Puthumana Melepattu Midhun , de Loubens Clément
Published: May 2022

Physiological transport of fluid at small scales is often achieved by microscopic active fingerlike structures. It is recognized that they have to move in a non-symmetric fashion in order to break the symmetry of creeping flow and to induce a net movement of the fluid. However, in the limit of low, but non-vanishing, Reynolds number, irreversible flow on long time scales could also be generated by symmetric oscillations of these microstructures. Inspired by small intestine villi, we reported three dimensional direct numerical simulations of the irreversible part of the flow, namely steady streaming flow (SSF), generated by an array of oscillating fingerlike structures. In order to capture these second order flow phenomena, the algorithm was based on a combination of lattice-Boltzmann methods with two relaxation times and the smoothed profile method. SSF was confined inside a steady viscous boundary above the villi. Two steady vortices at the tip of the villi characterized this flow which induced mass transfers between the bulk and the periphery. Strikingly, the spatial extension of these vortices was not solely governed by the Stokes boundary layer but also by the lateral confinement between the villi. Moreover, secondary vortices outside the steady boundary layer were also observed. These findings were rationalized in a state diagram showing three regimes of SSF. Finally, orders of magnitude showed that SSF should contribute to the transport of particles, such as bacteria or nano-particles, on a layer a few hundred micrometers above the villi and on a time scale of few minutes.
Critical Thinking in the Physics Curriculum
Authors: Baker Blane
Published: May 2022

This book presents a broad overview of critical thinking tactics and offers specific techniques to promote conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills. Critical Thinking in the Physics Curriculum provides detailed examples of ways to use this methodology and outlines activities for instructors to incorporate these strategies into an array of different instructional contexts.

The book features:Discussions about how to support students in open-ended inquirySuggestions to develop critical thinking in classrooms and labsClear examples of activities using critical thinking techniques for an array of instructional contexts

Critical Thinking in the Physics Curriculum is a valuable resource for physics and physical science teachers interested in teaching strategies. Education researchers in the physical sciences, including chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, and other related disciplines, will also find it helpful.