bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on internet use and well-being among Chinese older adults: based on CGSS (2012-2018) five-wave mixed interface survey data
Authors: Zhang Chong , Wang Yan
Published: November 2022

This study based on the five-wave mixed interface survey data of China General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2012, 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2018, we selected a total of 18,458 older adults aged 60 and above, comprehensively used ordered probit regression, propensity score matching (PSM), and Karlson–Holm–Breen (KHB) to investigate the relationship between Internet use and well-being of the older adults in China, and to analyze the mediating role of subjective social fairness in the above relationship. The analysis results show that Internet use contributes to the improvement of well-being in older adults, but attenuates this effect by reducing the sense of social fairness. In addition, place of residence, education, and regional factors moderated the effect of Internet use on well-being. The well-being effect of Internet use is significant for urban older adults, as does schooled or eastern-central older adults. The above results indicate that moderate use of the Internet is of great significance in promoting active aging, but further attention should be paid to the aging transformation of the Internet in the process of promoting the digital integration of the elderly.
Assessing the Impact of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants Released from a Wastewater Treatment Plant on Humans and Aquatic Environment, Al-Hoceima City, Morocco
Authors: HAMMOUDANI Yahya EL , DIMANE Fouad , HABOUBI Khadija , BOURJILA Abdelhak , BENAISSA Chaimae , ACHOUKHI Iliass , HABOUBI Chaimae
Published: November 2022

Wastewater contains a variety of compounds qualified as pollutants. These undergo incomplete treatment in wastewater treatment plants. The objective of this study is to determine the potential impacts on humans and aquatic environment of 46 organic and inorganic micropollutants using the USE-tox® model. The concentrations used in this study are obtained by analyzing raw and treated wastewater from the wastewater treatment plant of the city of Al-Hoceima, Morocco. The total human health impact score is 10 − 2, generally varying between 10 − 3 and 10 − 9. Ba, Hg, Zn and Cd had the highest score with a percentage of 92% of the total score. For the aquatic environment, impact was estimated for 25 compounds. Pyrene, Anthracene, Benzo(a)Anthracene, Fluoranthene and PCB-77 were the major contributors with an impact ranging from 3.43E + 02 to 1.21E + 01 PDF.m 3 .d. With a value of 3.43E + 02, Pyrene had the highest impact, contributing 73% by itself.
Negative Effect of High-Calorie High-Salt Diet on Spleen Oxidant/Antioxidants and Structure: Preventive Effects of Sprint Interval Training
Authors: Aghlmand Saeideh , Nasiri Esmaeil , Rahmani Mohammad , Hesari Ali Kalantari
Published: November 2022

We investigated the effect of a high-calorie high-salt diet and sprint interval training on oxidant/antioxidant status and structural changes in the spleen of male Wistar rats. Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: normal diet (ND), high-calorie high-salt diet (HCSD), and HCSD + sprint interval training (HCSD + SIT). Rats in HCSD and HCSD + SIT groups were under a high-calorie high-salt diet. The SIT (4–9 reps of 10s duration sprints) performed 3 sessions/week for 8 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the spleen was removed and used for the assessments of oxidant/antioxidant status, and histomorphometric parameters. Results revealed that compared to the ND group, the super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level, and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly lower (P < 0.001), and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher in the spleen tissue of the HCSD group (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the HCSD + SIT and ND groups in none of the assessed variables (P > 0.05), Moreover, there was a significant increase in the red to white pulp ratio and a significant decrease in the number of lymph cells and splenic trabecular volume in the HCSD group (P < 0.001). Nonetheless, in none of the assessed morphometric parameters, a significant difference was observed between the HCSD + SIT and ND groups (P > 0.05). It seems that SIT training may avert HCSD-induced unfavourable changes in the spleen oxidant/antioxidant status and counteract the deleterious effects of the HCSD on the spleen structure.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Efficacy of NRP-1/CD304 in Hematological Diseases
Authors: Liu Yi-jun , Li Xiao-hui , Song Yi-ling , Zhou Yi-chen , Cai Rong-zeng , Chi Pei-dong
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: Previous studies had explored the diagnostic or prognostic value of NRP-1/CD304 in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), whereas the expression and application value of NRP-1/CD304 in other common hematological diseases have not been reported.
METHODS: Bone marrow samples from 297 newly diagnosed patients with various hematological diseases were collected to detect the expression of NRP-1/CD304 by flow cytometry (FCM). The diagnostic efficacy of NRP-1/ CD304-positive diseases was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was compared.
RESULTS: In the research cohort, the total positive rate of NRP-1/CD304 was 14.81% (44/297), mainly distributed in BPDCN (100%, 6/6), B-ALL (48.61%, 35/72) and AML (4.48%, 3/67), with statistically significant differences (P<0.01). Other diseases, such as T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), T/NK-cell lymphoma and plasma cell neoplasms, did not express NRP-1/CD304. The sensitivities of NRP-1/CD304 for BPDCN, B-ALL and AML were 100.00%, 48.61% and 4.48%, as well as the specificities of which were 87.12%, 96.01% and 82.48%, respectively. The AUC of NRP-1/CD304 was 0.936 (95%CI 0.898 ~ 0.973), 0.723 (95%CI 0.646 ~ 0.801) and 0.435 (95%CI 0.435) in BPDCN, B-ALL and AML respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: NRP-1/CD304 is only expressed in BPDCN, B-ALL and AML, but not in other common hematological diseases. This indicates that NRP-1/CD304 has no obvious diagnostic and follow-up study value in hematological diseases other than BPDCN, B-ALL and AML.
The impact of earlywood and latewood on the compressive strength of Douglas fir
Authors: Li Wanzhao , Yang Kai , Wang Junfeng , Wang Xinzhou , Mei Changtong , Bulcke Jan Van den , Acker Joris Van
Published: November 2022

Mechanical performance of wood is determined by its structural characteristics, among others earlywood and latewood in softwoods. Given that thermal modification also affects the mechanical strength, it is key to understand how the modification affects earlywood and latewood and how this on its turn impacts compressive strength. In this study, Douglas fir blocks measuring 30×50×150mm3were modified at 180°C (TM-180°C) and 210°C (TM-210°C). The compressive strength of pure earlywood (EW), pure latewood (LW) and a combination of earlywood and latewood (ELW) specimens was measured. The specimens were compressed in terms of 30% of their original thickness, and during the compression test the strain distribution of ELW was recorded. In addition, the microstructure before and after compression was investigated complemented with using SEM to understand the structural changes taking place. The results show that compressive strength of TM-180°C specimens was high, most probably because thermal modification increased stiffness of cell walls and homogenized strain distribution in ELW specimens. Control specimens had a higher compression set recovery than thermally modified specimens. Tracheid cell walls in EW and LW specimens were flattened and buckled respectively due to compression. While in thermally modified material, cell wall fissures and wood ray fractures in EW and LW specimens respectively were observed. For ELW specimens, structural changes in latewood were trivial, and structural changes in the earlywood part were less significant than in full EW specimens. Compared to EW specimens, earlywood in ELW showed higher compression set recovery. It seems that structural failure in earlywood is limited when in combination with latewood, resulting from homogenized strain distribution in earlywood.
The mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the association between childhood friendship and physical function in middle-aged and older adults: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)
Authors: Zeng Qingping , Ding Jiali , Tu Raoping , He Huihui , Wang Suhang , Huang Yujia , Wang Zhiyao , Chen Qi , Lu Guangyu , Li Yuping
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This study examines the extent to which depressive symptoms mediate the link between childhood friendship (CF) and physical function among middle-aged and older adults in China.
Methods
The data originated from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The Sobel test and multivariable logistic regression were performed to examine the mediating role of depressive symptoms (measured by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) in the association between CF (measured by a standardized retrospective questionnaire) and physical function, which was measured by basic activities of daily living (BADL) disability, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability, and grip strength.
Results
A total of 12,170 participants aged 45 or older were included in this cross-sectional study. After controlling for covariates, worse CF was associated with an increased prevalence of BADL disability (OR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.05–1.32), IADL disability (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.12–1.40), and low grip strength (OR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.09–1.34). The proportion of the mediating effect of depressive symptoms was 49% in CF and BADL, 41% in CF and IADL, and 12% in CF and grip strength. Depressive symptoms and worse CF have a joint effect on BADL disability (OR = 3.30; 95% CI = 2.82–3.85), IADL disability (OR = 3.52; 95% CI = 3.03–4.09), and low grip strength (OR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.43–1.92).
Conclusions
Adults with better CF were more likely to have a decreased prevalence of impaired physical function in their later lives. Depressive symptoms acted as a mediator associated with the development of CF. Interventions focusing on the improvement of CF and depression may help improve physical function in adults.
Q-Learning-based UAV-mounted Base Station Positioning in a Disaster Scenario for Connectivity to the Users Located at Unknown Positions
Authors: Mandloi Dilip , Arya Rajeev
Published: November 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
A Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Oncogenic Role of YKT6 in Human Tumors
Authors: Zhang Xuezhong , Dapar Mark Lloyd G. , Chen Yingjun , Liu Tonggang
Published: November 2022

YKT6, as a Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein with vesicle trafficking, plays an essential role in the development and progression of tumor. However, the gene of YKT6 has not been fully assessed in pan-cancer studies. We aim to investigate the gene of YKT6 across 33 different types of tumor by using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and other several kinds of bioinformatic tools. YKT6 is significantly up-regulated in most tumors, and we found that overexpression of YKT6 is positively associated with poor prognosis of overall survival (OS) and poor disease-free survival (DFS) prognosis in several tumors, such as Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (BLCA), Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). We also detected distinct associations exist between YKT6 and tumor mutational burden (TMB) or microsatellite instability (MSI) with tumors. YKT6 expression was positively related to cancer-associated fibroblasts for TCGA tumors of COAD and LGG. Furthermore, we discovered a significantly positively correlation between YKT6 expression and endothelial cell in tumors of COAD, HNSC-HPV+, OV, READ and THCA. While a negative relationship was obtained between YKT6 expression and endothelial cell in KIRC. Moreover, “Syntaxin binding”, “SNARE complex”, “vesicle fusion” and “DNA replication” are involved in the influence of YKT6 on tumor pathogenesis. Our pan-cancer analysis offers a deep comprehending the gene of YKT6 in tumoeigenesis from viewpoint of clinical tumor samples.
Squalene monooxygenase（SQLE) protects ovarian cancer cells from ferroptosis
Authors: Zhang Rong , Zhang Lingmei , Fan Sizhe , Wang Beibei , Wang Lihua , He Zelai , Wang Liangliang
Published: November 2022

Being a novel form of programmed cell death, ferroptosis is different from apoptosis, and significantly inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cells. In this study, the role of squalene monooxygenase (SQLE) in ferroptosis was investigated due importance of lipid metabolism in ferroptosis and its key involvement in OC. SQLE is the major enzyme responsible for catalyzing cholesterol lipids synthesis and is notably expressed in OCtissues and cells. Reduction of SQLE increase ROS and lipid peroxide accumulation resulting in ferroptosis. Conversely, overexpression of SQLE protects cells from ferroptosis, indicating that SQLE inactivation might be a novel approach as an anti-tumor therapy. The results of thisresearch supported this hypothesis as SQLE inhibition markedly enhanced the antitumor effects of ferroptosis stimulators in OC cells.
All-ferroelectric implementation of reservoir computing
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Li Wenjie , Fan Zhen , Dong Shuai , Chen Yihong , Qin minghui , Zeng Min , Lu Xubing , Zhou Guofu , Gao Xingsen , Liu Jun-Ming
Published: November 2022

Reservoir computing (RC) offers efficient temporal information processing with low training cost. All-ferroelectric implementation of RC is appealing because it can fully exploit the merits of ferroelectric memristors (e.g., good controllability); however, this has been undemonstrated due to the challenge of developing ferroelectric memristors with distinctly different switching characteristics specific to the reservoir and readout network. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an all-ferroelectric RC system whose reservoir and readout network are implemented with volatile and nonvolatile ferroelectric diodes (FDs), respectively. The volatile and nonvolatile FDs are derived from the same Pt/BiFeO3/SrRuO3 structure via the manipulation of an imprint field (Eimp). It is shown that the volatile FD with Eimp exhibits short-term memory and nonlinearity while the nonvolatile FD with negligible Eimp displays long-term potentiation/depression, fulfilling the functional requirements of the reservoir and readout network, respectively. Hence, the all-ferroelectric RC system is competent for handling various temporal tasks. In particular, it achieves an ultralow normalized root mean square error of 0.017 in the Hénon map time-series prediction. Besides, both the volatile and nonvolatile FDs demonstrate long-term stability in ambient air, high endurance, and low power consumption, promising the all-ferroelectric RC system as a reliable and low-power neuromorphic hardware for temporal information processing.
Quantum exact search with adjustable parameters and its applications
Authors: Li Guanzhong , Li Lvzhou
Published: November 2022

Grover's algorithm provides a quadratic speedup over classical algorithms to search for marked elements in an unstructured database. The original algorithm is probabilistic, returning a marked element with bounded error. When it is known beforehand there are M marked elements in N elements, there exist several schemes to achieve the exact version that returns a marked element with certainty, by using the generalized Grover's iteration G(α, β) := Sr(β) So(α), where the phase oracle So(α) multiplies a marked state by eiα, and the phase rotation Sr(β) multiplies the initial state |ψ0⟩ (an equal-superposition of all states) by e-iβ.However, in all the existing schemes the value range of α and β is limited; for instance, in the three early schemes α and β are determined by M/N.
Thus, a natural question arises: Given the phase oracle So(α) with an arbitrary angle α, or the phase rotation Sr(β) with an arbitrary angle β, can we always construct an exact search algorithm without sacrificing the quadratic speedup advantage? The significance of this problem lies not only in the expansion of mathematical form, but also in its application value. We answer the question affirmatively, by presenting a search framework with adjustable parameters. Technically, we propose the fixed-axis-rotation (FXR) method where each iteration of the search algorithm can be geometrically seen as rotating about a fixed axis on the Bloch sphere. Furthermore, two applications of the proposed search framework are developed: the first is to learn exactly the secret string hidden by the Hamming distance oracle, and the other to solve the element distinctness promise problem deterministically. The two applications correspond to the two different cases where α or β is fixed respectively.
FrozenQubits: Boosting Fidelity of QAOA by Skipping Hotspot Nodes
Authors: Ayanzadeh Ramin , Alavisamani Narges , Das Poulami , Qureshi Moinuddin
Published: November 2022

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is one of the leading candidates for demonstrating the quantum advantage using near-term quantum computers. Unfortunately, high device error rates limit us from reliably running QAOA circuits for problems with more than a few qubits. In QAOA, the problem graph is translated into a quantum circuit such that every edge corresponds to two 2-qubit CNOT operations in each layer of the circuit. As CNOTs are extremely error-prone, the fidelity of QAOA circuits is dictated by the number of edges in the problem graph.
We observe that majority of graphs corresponding to real-world applications follow the ``power-law`` distribution, where some hotspot nodes have significantly higher number of connections. We leverage this insight and propose ``FrozenQubits`` that freezes the hotspot nodes or qubits and intelligently partitions the state-space of the given problem into several smaller sub-spaces which are then solved independently. The corresponding QAOA sub-circuits are significantly less vulnerable to gate and decoherence errors due to the reduced number of CNOT operations in each sub-circuit. Unlike prior circuit-cutting approaches, FrozenQubits does not require any exponentially complex post-processing step. Our evaluations with 5,300 QAOA circuits on eight different quantum computers from IBM shows that FrozenQubits can improve the quality of solutions by 8.73x on average (and by up to 57x), albeit utilizing 2x more quantum resources.
Hydrologic regulation of clay-mineral transformations in a redoximorphic soil of subtropical monsoonal China
Authors: Zhao Lulu , Hong Hanlie , Fang Qian , Hei Hetang , Algeo Thomas J.
Published: November 2022

Clay-mineral evolution in supergene environments is commonly a complex process subject to hydrologic influences on clay-mineral transformations, yet these influences remain insufficiently investigated to date. A quaternary red soil profile with evident redoximorphic features in subtropical monsoonal China was investigated with a focus on processes of secondary clay-mineral transformation. Evidence provided by soil physical and chemical descriptions, clay-mineral analysis, spectroscopic characterization, extractions of pedogenic Al and Fe species, and geochemical compositions reveals a complex relationship of clay minerals and iron phases to pedogenic weathering conditions as a function of depth in the studied soil profile. The soil profile can be divided into a homogenous horizon (HH; 0–2.0 m), a redoximorphic horizon (RH; 2.0–6.0 m), and a basal layer (BL; 6.0–7.2 m), and these three horizons are dominated by various intermediate clay phases. The HH is characterized by moderately acidic conditions (mean pH = 5.2) and low total organic content (TOC; TOC ≤2.1 g kg–1). More importantly, compared with the lower horizons, the HH contains significantly more active acid-forming cations, as reflected by a greater abundance of Al phases and higher aluminum saturation levels. We infer that the occurrence of hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite (HIV) in the HH is tightly coupled with the nature of the soil acidic pools, which include both H+ ions (i.e., pH) and active acid-forming cations (e.g., Al3+ and Fe3+). The reaction pathway from primary minerals to final weathering products appears to be highly sensitive to dynamic hydrological processes. HIV is favored in generally oxic, well-drained soil systems with adequate acidic cations to maintain acidic weathering. When soils are more waterlogged and the aqueous solution is dominated by base cations, primary minerals tend to transform to smectite group minerals. Therefore, discrete smectite, interstratified illite-smectite (I-S), and interstratified kaolinite-smectite (K-S) were observed only in the RH and BL. We present a novel framework that links clay-mineral transformation pathways to soil hydrological disturbances, providing new insights into understanding the kinetics of water-mineral interactions in natural soil systems.
A high-pressure structural transition of norsethite-type BaFe(CO3)2: Comparison with BaMg(CO3)2 and BaMn(CO3)2
Authors: He Chengcheng , Zhao Chaoshuai , Jiang Jianjun , Wang Pan , Li Heping
Published: November 2022

Investigations on the phase stability of the norsethite-type family [BaMg(CO3)2, BaMn(CO3)2, BaFe(CO3)2] under high-pressure conditions are of great significance for understanding the structure and metal cationic (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+) substitution mechanism in double divalent metal carbonates. The structural evolution and equation of state of BaFe(CO3)2 were studied at high pressure up to ~7.3 GPa by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) in diamond-anvil cell (DAC) in this study. BaFe(CO3)2 undergoes a reversible phase transition from R3m (α-phase) to C2/c (γ-phase) space groups at ~3.0 GPa. The fitted elastic parameters are V0 = 377.79(2) Å3 and K0 = 40.3(7) GPa for α-BaFe(CO3)2, V0 = 483.24(5) Å3 and K0 = 91.2(24) GPa for γ-BaFe(CO3)2 using second-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state (BM2-EoS). Besides, the vibrational properties and structural stability of complete norsethite-type minerals were also investigated first by Raman spectroscopy combined with DAC up to 11.1 GPa. Similar structural phase transitions occur in BaMg(CO3)2, BaFe(CO3)2, BaMn(CO3)2 at 2.2–2.6, 2.6–3.7, and 3.7–4.1 GPa, respectively. The onset phase transition pressures of the norsethite-type family are much lower than that of dolomite-type Ca(Mg,Fe,Mn)(CO3)2 and calcite-type (Mg,Fe,Mn)CO3 carbonates. These results provide new insights into the divalent cation substitution effects on the stability and structural evolution of carbonates under high-pressure conditions.
Crocobelonite, CaFe23+(PO4)2O, a new oxyphosphate mineral, the product of pyrolytic oxidation of natural phosphides
Authors: Britvin Sergey N. , Murashko Mikhail N. , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria G. , Vlasenko Natalia S. , Vereshchagin Oleg S. , Vapnik Yevgeny , Bocharov Vladimir N.
Published: November 2022

Crocobelonite, CaFe23+(PO4)2O, is a new natural oxyphosphate discovered in the pyrometamorphic complexes of the Hatrurim Formation in Israel and Jordan. Crocobelonite-bearing assemblages contain a series of anhydrous Fe-Ni phosphates, hematite, diopside, anorthite, and phosphides—barringerite Fe2P, transjordanite Ni2P, murashkoite FeP, halamishite Ni5P4, and negevite NiP2. Crocobelonite forms submillimeter-sized aggregates of prismatic to acicular crystals of saffron-red to pinkish-red color. There are two polymorphic modifications of the mineral whose structures are interrelated by the unit-cell twinning. Crocobelonite-2O is orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 14.2757(1), b = 6.3832(1), c = 7.3169(1) Å, V 666.76(1) Å3, Z = 4. This polymorphic modification is isotypic with synthetic oxy-phosphates AV23+(PO4)2O where A = Ca, Sr, Cd. The crystal structure has been refined to RB = 0.71% based on powder XRD data, using the Rietveld method and the input structural model obtained from the single-crystal study. Chemical composition (electron microprobe, wt%) is: CaO 16.03, MgO 0.56, Fe2O3 43.37, Al2O3 0.33, SiO2 0.32, P2O5 39.45, Total 100.06. The empirical formula based on O = 9 apfu is Ca1.02(V1.943+Mg0.05Al0.02)2.01(P1.98Si0.02)2.00O9.00 with Dcalc = 3.555 g/cm3. The strongest lines of powder XRD pattern [d(Å)(I)(hkl)] are: 6.54(16)(200), 5.12(26)(201), 3.549(100)(102), 3.200(50) (401), 2.912(19)(220), 2.869(40)(411), 2.662(21)(501). Crocobelonite-1M is monoclinic, P21/m, a = 7.2447(2), b = 6.3832(1), c = 7.3993(2) Å, β = 106.401(2)°, V = 328.252(14) Å3, Z = 2. This polymorphic modification does not have direct structural analogs. Its crystal structure has been solved and refined based on the single-crystal data to R1 = 1.81%. Chemical composition is: CaO 15.56, MgO 0.16, NiO 0.78, Fe2O3 41.28, Al2O3 0.45, V2O3 0.42, Cr2O3 0.23, TiO2 0.79, P2O5 39.94, Total 99.61, corresponding to the empirical formula (O = 9 apfu) Ca0.99(V1.853+Ni0.04Ti0.04Al0.03V0.023+Cr0.01Mg0.01)2.00P2.01O9.00 with Dcalc = 3.604 g/cm3. The strongest lines of powder XRD pattern [d(Å)(I)(hkl)] are 6.98(17)(100), 4.40(22)(101), 3.547(100)(201), 3.485(21)(200), 3.195(50)(020), 2.855(38)(102), 2.389(33)(122). Crocobelonite represents a novel type of phosphate mineral formed by oxidation of phosphide minerals at temperatures higher than 1000 °C and near-atmospheric pressure (pyrolytic oxidation).
Codebase release 8.3 for PYTHIA
Authors: Bierlich Christian , Chakraborty Smita , Desai Nishita , Gellersen Leif , Helenius Ilkka , Ilten Philip , Lönnblad Leif , Mrenna Stephen , Prestel Stefan , Preuss Christian Tobias , Sjöstrand Torbjörn , Skands Peter , Utheim Marius , Verheyen Rob
Published: November 2022

This manual describes the Pythia event generator, the most recent
version of an evolving physics tool used to answer fundamental questions
in particle physics. The program is most often used to generate
high-energy-physics collision “events”, i.e. sets of particles produced
in association with the collision of two incoming high-energy particles,
but has several uses beyond that. The guiding philosophy is to produce
and re-produce properties of experimentally obtained collisions as
accurately as possible. The program includes a wide ranges of reactions
within and beyond the Standard Model, and extending to heavy ion
physics. Emphasis is put on phenomena where strong interactions play a
major role. The manual contains both pedagogical and practical
components. All included physics models are described in enough detail
to allow the user to obtain a cursory overview of used assumptions and
approximations, enabling an informed evaluation of the program output. A
number of the most central algorithms are described in enough detail
that the main results of the program can be reproduced independently,
allowing further development of existing models or the addition of new
ones. Finally, a chapter dedicated fully to the user is included towards
the end, providing pedagogical examples of standard use cases, and a
detailed description of a number of external interfaces. The program
code, the online manual, and the latest version of this print manual can
be found on the Pythia web page: https://www.pythia.org/.
STUDY OF OPHTHALMIC MANIFESTATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HAEMATOLOGICAL DYSCRASIAS
Authors:   DepartmentofOphthalmology,RuralMedicalCollegeandPravaraRuralHospitalofPravaraInstituteofMedicalSciences,Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra413736,India., A. Chandak Ekta ,   DepartmentofOphthalmology,PravaraInstituteofMedical Sciences, Loni,Maharashtra413736,India., J. Bhandari Akshay ,   DepartmentofOphthalmology,RuralMedicalCollegeandPravaraRuralHospitalofPravaraInstituteofMedicalSciences,Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra413736,India.,   DepartmentofOphthalmology,PravaraInstituteofMedical Sciences, Loni,Maharashtra413736,India.
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAndObjectives:Haematologicaldyscrasiasreferstodisorders of the cellular elements of the blood, indicating a pathologicalcondition.Tostudythetypesofophthalmicmanifestationsinhaematological dyscrasias. Methods: This was a Descriptive cross-sectional study of 200cases admitted and diagnosed with various haematological dyscrasias inMedicine, Paediatrics wardsof the hospital betweenDecember 2020 toNovember2022.Allpatientsunderwentastandardisedandcomprehensiveophthalmic evaluation. Results:Outof200cases,152caseswereofnonmalignantdiseases,and 48 cases were of malignant diseases.Male cases were predominantly higherthan female cases. Conjunctival pallor was the most common anteriorsegment manifestation observed, and Retinal haemorrhage was the mostcommon posterior segmentmanifestation observedduring the studyperiod. Conclusion: It is essential to examine all patients with haematologicaldisordersforocularmanifestationsasithelpsindiagnosisandprognosis. Early recognition of the ocular manifestations is of greatimportance as an early treatment institution may prevent or alleviatebothocularandsystemic complications.
Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: multicenter study of the treatment by the protocol ALL IC-BFM 2002
Authors: Valiev T. T. , Shervashidze M. A. , Osipova I. V. , Burlutskaya T. I. , Popova N. A. , Osmulskaya N. S. , Aleskerova G. A. , Sabantsev S. L. , Gordeeva Z. S. , Smirnov V. Yu. , Poberezhnaya O. A. , Yuldasheva S. N. , Babich I. A. , Guseynov V. T. , Jalilova S. N. , Korkina Yu. S. , Batmanova N. A. , Kirgizov K. I. , Varfolomeeva S. R.
Published: November 2022

Background. Recovery of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was one of the most significant achievements of clinical oncohematology of XX century. Success in the treatment of ALL became possible due to comprehensive (clinical, morphoimmunological, cytogenetic) diagnostics and the development of differentiated, risk-adapted treatment protocols. The German group BFM (Berlin–Frankfurt–Munster) became a pioneer in creating effective treatment programs for children with ALL. Its new principles and approaches in treatment allow the vast majority of patients to be cured.

The aim of the study – presentation of the treatment results of children with ALL based on the ALL IC-BFM 2002 protocol as part of a multicenter long standing study.

Materials and methods. There were 592 patients with a newly diagnosed ALL in the study . The average age of patients was 10.5 years (from 4 months to 21 years). Treatment was carried out according to the ALL IC-BFM 2002 protocol in 11 clinics from 01.11.2003 to 16.05.2022. The overall (OS), relapse-free (RFS) and event-free (EFS) survivals of patients were estimated on 01.07.2022.

Results. Complete clinical and hematological remission was achieved by the 33 day of therapy in 582 (98.3 %) cases. 10-year OS was 90.4 ± 1.5 %, RFS – 83.9 ± 1.9 % EFS – 82.4 ± 1.9 %. The analysis of survival of ALL patients in prognostic risk groups showed that 10-year OS in the standard risk group was 92.8 ± 1.7 %, RFS – 86 ± 2.2 % and EFS – 84.3 ± 2.2 %. Among the patients of the intermediate risk group the OS, RFS and EFS were 94.6 ± 2.6 %, 82.2 ± 5 % and 81.7 ± 5 %, respectively. The prognosis of ALL patients from the high-risk group turned out to be the least favorable: OS was 69.5 ± 8.7 %, RFS – 62 ± 9.4 % and EFS – 60.3 ± 9.3 %.

Conclusion. Based on the results of a multicenter study the ALL IC-BFM 2002 protocol showed high efficiency with the possibility of achieving a 10-year OS of 90.4 ± 1.5 %. This protocol turned out to be reproducible both in federal and regional clinics with high rates of long-term patients survival. This fact allows including it in the clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of Russia.
Complications of local treatment of retinoblastoma and their treatment (literature review)
Authors: Chochaeva A. M. , Volodin D. P. , Kotova E. S. , Yarovoy A. A.
Published: November 2022

Thanks to the treatments that are happening today, the survival rate of patients with retinoblastoma (Rb) has reached 100 %. Despite the positive results of Rb treatment, intraocular complications are observed in observations. Complications that cause visualization of the fundus impede the control of tumor tissue in dynamics, which is associated with enucleation of the eyeball. Despite modern advances in the use of intraocular surgery, a positive and important aspect is the fact that any experience of intraocular infections with a high risk of growth dissemination, which requires an accurate assessment of the state of growth in dynamics and confidence in the stability of remission, which is not always possible with opaque optical environments. In this regard, the question arises of conservative methods of treatment of persistent complications.

Given the small age of patients, this makes it difficult to perform conservative treatment in full. Effective are retrobulbar injections, which deliver the drug as close as possible to the posterior pole of the eye. However, for the maximum concentration of the drug, frequent injections are necessary, which is quite traumatic, accompanied by pain, and their frequent implementation contributes to scarring of the retrobulbar tissue. One way to avoid these adverse events is retrobulbar infusion therapy.

As a result of retrobulbar infusion therapy, a silicone tube (catheter) is placed in the retrobulbar space for several days, followed by the administration of drugs several times a day.

The review contains data on intraocular complications after local treatment of Rb, as well as possible methods for their relief.
Thrombophilia in children with venous thrombosis
Authors: Yafoshkina T. Yu. , Fedorova D. V. , Poletaev A. V. , Seregina E. A. , Zharkov P. A.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Venous thrombosis is a rare condition in children, but now there is a significant increase in cases among hospitalized children. Thrombosis in children is a multifactorial disorder, there are various risk factors, both inherited and acquired, such as a central venous catheter.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the incidence of thrombophilia among patients aged 0 to 18 years after a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Materials and methods. We have retrospectively analyzed the medical records of young patients (0–18 years) of from 2017 to 2021 of the Outpatient Consultative Unit of Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology and selected patients with objectively confirmed DVT, who were examined to exclude thrombophilia. Patients who did not have a full range of laboratory tests were not accounted for in the study. The patients who had DVT during infancy had additional tests at the age older than one year.

All patients were divided into 2 groups: with and without thrombophilia. Chi-square test was used to assess the statistical significance of differences between groups.

Results. We found 149 children with DVT: 103 patients were completely investigated for thrombophilia and a follow-up investigation is required for another 46 patients. Among 103 patients we didn’t confirm any prothrombotic condition in 54 of them, and thrombophilia was present in 49 patients. The prevalence of thrombophilia was estimated among children with DVT (n = 103): protein C deficiency – 3 %, antithrombin III deficiency – 4 %, protein S deficiency – 4 %, antiphospholipid syndrome – 1 %, mutation FV Leiden (hetero) – 7 %, FII G20210A (hetero) – 8 %, combined – 8 %, others – 13 % (increased concentration of fVIII, increased concentration of lipoprotein (a), high level of homocysteine).

While comparing groups of patients with and without thrombophilia by age and sex, and by various clinical characteristics (localization of thrombus, underline clinical condition and some others) no statistically significant differences were revealed.

Conclusion. Thrombophilias contribute to the occurrence of thrombosis in children. Results of thrombophilia screening rarely influence acute treatment decisions, so it is important to understand the limitations of this approach. Nevertheless, in some cases it is important to try to identify children with a tendency to develop thrombosis, since these patients may be candidates for prophylactic anticoagulation in situations of high risk of developing venous thromboembolism.
Análise comparativa entre os achados de eletromiografia do músculo facial masseter em indivíduos com e sem disfunção temporomandibular: parte I
Authors: Luiz Fernando Giazzi NASSRI  , Nitamar ABDALA  , Jacob SZEJNFELD  , Maria Renata Giazzi NASSRI
Published: November 2022

Introdução: A necessidade de entendimento das alterações do músculo masseter nas disfunções temporomandibulares direciona cada vez mais o cirurgião-dentista a conviver com profissionais da área de saúde num enfoque multidisciplinar, que parece ser a melhor condição de amparar pacientes portadores de enfermidade tão complexa. Objetivo: Avaliar por meio de eletromiografia as possíveis alterações do músculo masseter quanto ao valor da tensão muscular (RMS) em indivíduos normais e com disfunção da articulação temporomandibular (DTM). Material e métodos: Foram selecionados 20 indivíduos voluntários, sendo 11 normais e nove com DTM, apresentando dentição completa e oclusão tipo classe I de Angle. Resultados: Encontrou-se diferença estatística significativa nos valores referentes aos dados eletromiográficos relacionados à tensão RMS em repouso e em máxima intercuspidação, nos lados direito e esquerdo do músculo masseter para ambos os grupos. Além disso, os valores obtidos da tensão RMS por eletromiografia seguem um padrão matemático que permitiu a elaboração de uma equação de reta de regressão linear traduzida por: EMG-MIC = 528,75 – (54,76 x EMG-REP). Conclusão:Os dados conseguidos no exame de eletromiografia foram eficazes na comprovação das mudanças fisiológicas ocorridas no músculo masseter no grupo com DTM em relação ao grupo normal.
El impacto de las campañas de inbound marketing y growth hacking en las nuevas generaciones milenial de consumidores en Colombia
Authors:   SENA, Granados Niebles Marlon , Velásquez Varga Germán ,   SENA, Estrada Echeverry Andrés ,   Corporación Universitaria Reformada
Published: November 2022

Durante los últimos años el marketing ha sufrido una transformación desde el modelo “offline” hacia el “online”; donde se ha pasado de captar clientes a través de estrategias, técnicas y herramientas tradicionales como la publicación de avisos en medios impresos, comerciales de televisión, cuñas radiales, activaciones de marca en lugares de alto tráfico, muestreo y/o volanteo a generar contenidos y brindar herramientas que atraigan y capten la atención de los clientes potenciales sin llegar a ser intrusivos, pero que consigan tener tal relevancia e importancia para ellos, que pueda generar acciones de compra del producto o servicio que ofertan las empresas. El articulo propuesto, tiene como finalidad analizar el impacto que pueden tener el inbound marketing y growth hacking, como nuevas técnicas, estrategias y herramientas del marketing “online” o digital en la generación milenial de Colombia, logrando atraerlos a través de contenidos y funcionalidades que generen valor para ellos y motivándolos a concretar una acción de compra de un producto y/o servicio. Así mismo establecer un modelo de estrategia de inbound marketing y growth hacking efectivo para empresas que no cuenten con un amplio presupuesto de inversión publicitaria digital y que de esta manera puedan atraer clientes potenciales de la generación milenial de Colombia y generar acciones de compra efectivas de sus productos o servicios en ellos.
Problems and prospects for the use of nanofluids in thermal power engineering
Authors: Makeev A. N. , Kiryukhin Ya. A.
Published: November 2022

Objective. The aim of the work is to study the use of nanofluids as heat carriers to increase the efficiency of heat removal in energy facilities. To solve this problem, materials of domestic and foreign scientific articles, conferences and dissertations on the subject of nanofluids were analyzed. Numerous scientific publications, including those cited in the international databases Web of Science and Scopus, indicate that the topic of nanofluids is in the focus of modern science. However, despite a rather long period of fluid research, not all issues of this topic are sufficiently well covered and systematized, which opens up great opportunities for further research in this direction.

Method. When achieving this goal, the areas of possible application of fluids, the mechanism of their synthesis, the features of their operation are considered, the advantages as a liquid coolant are indicated, and the disadvantages that prevent their widespread use are identified. Particular attention is paid to such issues as: synthesis of standardized nanofluids; ensuring their stable properties; the use of surfactants; increasing the pressure drop inside heat exchangers during operation of this coolant.

Result. To eliminate the main drawback in the form of agglomeration of nanoparticles in the base fluid, it is proposed to use the oscillatory circulation of the coolant, which will also further intensify heat exchange from forced turbulence of the fluid.

Conclusion. The results obtained can be used to improve the efficiency of heat and mass transfer devices with liquid coolant and systems based on them, as well as to reduce the weight and size parameters of such devices.
About the informatization object functioning stability assessment in conditions of computer attacks at exponential distribution law of time before the enemy’s impact
Authors: Voevodin V. A. , Vinogradov I. V. , Volkov D. I.
Published: November 2022

Objective. The aim of the study is to develop a mathematical model for assessing the stability of the functioning of an informatization object (IO) in the conditions of computer attacks (CA), assuming that the laws of distribution of random variables before the enemy's impact and the recovery time are distributed exponentially.

Method. Application of the method of discrete Markov processes to solve the problem of assessing the stability of IO, which differs from the known approaches in that to describe the state of IO, the concept of "non-returnable state" is introduced, into which the system can move due to the exhaustion of the resource allocated to restore its readiness after a successful CA.

Result. As a result of the research, a mathematical model has been developed that allows us to build the stability function of the IO taking into account the intensity of the CA flow and the intensity of restoring its operability, taking into account the limitations on the allocated resource.

Conclusion. The application of the method makes it possible to quantify the stability of the functioning of the IO by constructing the survivability function of the IO for conditions under which the flows of attacks and recoveries cannot be assumed stationary and ergodic, and there is also no representative statistics for calculating asymptotic estimates of stability. A quantitative assessment of the stability of the IO for the conditions of the CA is in demand by information security management bodies when making decisions to ensure the protection of information, as well as when justifying the requirements for the system to restore operability.
Network security systems
Authors: Ganzhur M. A. , Bryukhovetsky A. I.
Published: November 2022

Objective. Network security systems are one of the key players in today's business life. Some networks are private while others are open to the public. Whether your network is private or public, it must be well secured and secure. In this article, we will discuss where network security begins, and describe the general measures taken to secure it.

Method. The study is determined by the need to solve the problem of algorithmic and mathematical support for assessing the functional security of a network based on system modeling and finding erroneous positions.

Result. Proposed deployment of a private network system that is designed and serves a specific group of people for communication, collaboration and sharing.

Conclusion. The proposed methods can be effective in protecting the network from attacks and other security threats. Well-designed corporate policies are critical to defining and controlling access to various parts of the network.
Methodical approach to quantitative assessment of the risks of the implementation of threats unauthorized access to an information resource automated systems of internal affairs bodies
Authors: Meshcheryakova T. V. , Rogozin E. A. , Efimov A. O. , Romanova V. R. , Konovalenko S. A.
Published: November 2022

Objective. A characteristic feature of the current stage of development of the sphere of informatization of internal affairs bodies (OVD) is a significant increase in the volume and variety of types of service information of limited distribution, stored, processed and transmitted in automated systems (AS). This gives rise to the emergence of a large number and expansion of the range of threats to information security, primarily threats associated with unauthorized access (UAS) to the information resource of the ATS AS, and necessitates the improvement of existing methods to combat this type of crime in order to ensure the information security of objects of informatization of ATS. To obtain information that allows assessing the degree of threats, it is necessary to conduct a quantitative risk assessment.

Method. The method for assessing the risks of implementing threats of unauthorized access to the information resource of the ATS AS and obtaining data in a quantitative representation is based on the use of mathematical modeling methods. The advantage of a quantitative assessment compared to a qualitative assessment is the ability to compare risks with the final result, which can be represented in monetary terms, and further use in assessing the likelihood of information threats and calculating the damage caused.

Result. A methodical approach to the quantitative assessment of the risks of the implementation of UA threats to the information resource of the ATS AS is proposed, which makes it possible to assess the level of security of service information.

Conclusion. The proposed methodological approach to quantitative assessment of the risks of the implementation of UA threats to the information resource of the ATS AS provides a visual representation in monetary terms of the objects of assessment (damage, costs). These calculations can be used to justify the requirements for the level of security of ATS ASs during their development and operation.
Estimación de la curva de crecimiento en ovinos de pelo colombiano mediante la utilización del modelo Richards
Authors: Lenis-Valencia Claudia Patricia , Hernández-Herrera Darwin Yovanny , Noriega-Márquez Jorge Guillermo
Published: November 2022

Objective. To describe growth in Colombian hair sheep (OPC) using the Richards model. Materials and methods. A total of 2086 records were obtained from weighing every 30 days in OPC sheep from birth to slaughter and weaning at 90 days. In addition, the sex (S), type of lambing (TP) and time of birth (Eponac) of the animals were considered. The data were analyzed with the Richards model using the NLIN procedure of SAS. Results. The asymptotic weight estimation indicated by parameter A for males was 7.8 kg higher than that of females; in the TP, this same parameter indicated a 22% superiority between single and multiple births; finally, in the Eponac variable, the best weight values corresponded to the rainy season with 5 kg more than the animals born in the dry season. For the K parameter, the reference values oscillate between 0.001 and 0.004 in the variables S, TP and Eponac; as well as the correlation between the A and K parameters, the values are between -0.98 and -0.99 in all the variables studied. Conclusions. The Richards model explained the development of the animals and allowed observing the effect of the variables S, TP and Eponac, evidencing in each of these a slow growth, but with high weights at maturity.