bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Covariant Canonical Quantization of General Relativity
Authors: Marongwe Stuart
Published: December 2018

A Hamiltonian formulation of General Relativity within the context of the Nexus Paradigm of quantum gravity is presented. We show that the Ricci flow in a compact matter free manifold serves as the Hamiltonian density of the vacuum as well as a time evolution operator for the vacuum energy density. The metric tensor of GR is expressed in terms of the Bloch energy eigenstate functions of the quantum vacuum allowing an interpretation of GR in terms of the fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics.
Hepatic Steatosis Index in Acromegaly: Correlation with Insulin Resistance Regardless of the Disease Control
Authors: Ciresi Alessandro , Guarnotta Valentina , Campo Daniela , Giordano Carla
Published: December 2018

Objective. In acromegaly, both lipotoxicity secondary to GH excess and insulin resistance have a significant impact on the liver. Ultrasonography has shown poor sensitivity in detecting hepatic steatosis and noninvasive methods have been proposed. We evaluated the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), a validated surrogate index of hepatic steatosis, and we correlated it with disease activity and insulin resistance. Design. Thirty-one patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly were studied at diagnosis and after 12 months of treatment with somatostatin receptor ligands. Methods. Glucose and insulin levels, surrogate estimates of insulin sensitivity, and hepatic steatosis through ultrasonography and HSI were evaluated. Results. At diagnosis, ultrasonography documented steatosis in 19 patients (61.2%) while 26 (83.8%) showed high HSI. After 12 months, both GH (p=0.033) and IGF-1 (p<0.001) significantly decreased and, overall, 58% of patients were classified as controlled. Ultrasonography documented steatosis in all the same initial 19 patients, while only 14 patients (45.1%) showed high HSI (p<0.001). A significant reduction in HOMA-IR (p=0.002) and HSI (p<0.001) and increased ISI Matsuda (p<0.001), was documented. The change of HSI from baseline to 12 months was found to be directly correlated with the change of ISI (Rho -0.611; p=0.004) while no correlation was found with the change of GH or IGF-1 levels and other parameters. Conclusions. In acromegaly, HSI is mainly related with insulin resistance and the reduction of GH and IGF-1 levels, and above all the improvement in insulin sensitivity leads to an improvement of this surrogate index of hepatic steatosis.
Fault Detection of Wind Turbine Sensors Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Kavaz Ayse Gokcen , Barutcu Burak
Published: December 2018

This paper proposes a method for sensor validation and fault detection in wind turbines. Ensuring validity of sensor measurements is a significant part in overall condition monitoring as sensor faults lead to incorrect results in monitoring a system’s state of health. Although identifying abrupt failures in sensors is relatively straightforward, calibration drifts are more difficult to detect. Therefore, a detection and isolation technique for sensor calibration drifts on the purpose of measurement validation was developed. Temperature sensor measurements from the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system of a wind turbine were used for this aim. Low output rate of the measurements and nonlinear characteristics of the system drive the necessity to design an advanced fault detection algorithm. Artificial neural networks were chosen for this purpose considering their high performance in nonlinear environments. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively detect existence of calibration drift and isolate the exact sensor with faulty behaviour.
Investigation of the Magnetic Properties of Ferrites in the CoO-NiO-ZnO Using Simplex-Lattice Design
Authors: Frolova Liliya , Khmelenko Oleg
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the analysis of changes in the magnetic characteristics of ferrites in the CoO-NiO-ZnO system by the simplex method. Ferrites of Ni-Zn, Co-Zn, and Co-Ni were synthesized in the form of nanoparticles (20-40 nm) using a new method for processing contact nonequilibrium low-temperature plasma (CNP). The effect of the mutual influence of the contents of different cations on the saturation magnetization and the coercive field was investigated using the simplex-lattice method. A magnetic investigation using a vibrational magnetometer shows that low magnetization values are observed for Ni-Zn ferrites and high for the entire Co-Zn and Co-Ni ferrite series. EPR spectra show that the value of the resonant field and line width corresponds to the value of magnetic saturation and is due to the arrangement of cations on sublattices.
Inflammatory Cellular Response to Mechanical Ventilation in Elastase-Induced Experimental Emphysema: Role of Preexisting Alveolar Macrophages Infiltration
Authors: Rouze Anahita , Voiriot Guillaume , Guivarch Elise , Roux Françoise , Tran Van Nhieu Jeanne , Isabey Daniel , Brochard Laurent , Maitre Bernard , Mekontso-Dessap Armand , Boczkowski Jorge
Published: December 2018

An excessive pulmonary inflammatory response could explain the poor prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients submitted to invasive mechanical ventilation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to normal tidal volume mechanical ventilation in an elastase-induced murine model of pulmonary emphysema. In this model, two time points, associated with different levels of lung inflammation but similar lung destruction, were analyzed. C57BL/6 mice received a tracheal instillation of 5 IU of porcine pancreatic elastase (Elastase mice) or the same volume of saline (Saline mice). Fourteen (D14) and 21 (D21) days after instillation, mice were anesthetized, intubated, and either mechanically ventilated (MV) or maintained on spontaneous ventilation (SV) during two hours. As compared with Saline mice, Elastase mice showed a similarly increased mean chord length and pulmonary compliance at D14 and D21, while bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity was comparable between groups. Lung mechanics was similarly altered during mechanical ventilation in Elastase and Saline mice. Activated alveolar macrophages CD11bmid were present in lung parenchyma in both Elastase SV mice and Elastase MV mice at D14 but were absent at D21 and in Saline mice, indicating an inflammatory state with elastase at D14 only. At D14, Elastase MV mice showed a significant increase in percentage of neutrophils in total lung, as compared with Elastase SV mice. Furthermore, alveolar macrophages of Elastase MV mice at D14 overexpressed Gr1, and monocytes showed a trend to overexpression of CD62L, compared with Elastase SV mice. In an elastase-induced model of pulmonary emphysema, normal tidal volume mechanical ventilation may produce an increase in the proportion of pulmonary neutrophils, and an activation of alveolar macrophages and pulmonary monocytes. This response seems to be observed only when the emphysema model shows an underlying inflammation (D14), reflected by the presence of activated alveolar macrophages CD11bmid.
A Review of Wrist-Worn Wearable: Sensors, Models, and Challenges
Authors: Al-Eidan Rasha M. , Al-Khalifa Hend , Al-Salman Abdul Malik
Published: December 2018

Wearable technology impacts the daily life of its users. Wearable devices are defined as devices embedded within clothes, watches, or accessories. Wrist-worn devices, as a type of wearable devices, have gained popularity among other wearable devices. They allow quick access to vital information, and they are suitable for many applications. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of wearable computing as a research field and provides a systematic review of recent work specifically on wrist-worn wearables. The focus of this research is on wrist-worn wearable studies because there is a lack of systematic literature reviews related to this area. This study reviewed journal and conference articles from 2015 and 2017 with some studies from 2014 and 2018, resulting in a selection of 54 studies that met the selection criteria. The literature showed that research in wrist-worn wearables spans three domains, namely, user interface and interaction studies, user studies, and activity/affect recognition studies. Our study then concludes with challenges and open research directions.
AICAR-Induced AMPK Activation Inhibits the Noncanonical NF-κB Pathway to Attenuate Liver Injury and Fibrosis in BDL Rats
Authors: Zhu Haoyang , Chai Yichao , Dong Dinghui , Zhang Nana , Liu Wenyan , Ma Tao , Wu Rongqian , Lv Yi , Hu Liangshuo
Published: December 2018

Background. To evaluate the AMP-activated protein kinase- (AMPK-) mediated signaling and NF-κB-related inflammatory pathways that contribute to cholestatic diseases in the bile duct ligation (BDL) rat model of chronic cholestasis and verify the protective role of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) against hepatic injury and fibrosis triggered by cholestasis-related inflammation. Methods. Animals were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated group, BDL group, and BDL+ AICAR group. Cholestatic liver injury was induced by common BDL. Two weeks later, rats in BDL+AICAR group started receiving AICAR treatment. Hepatic pathology was examined by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and sirius red staining and hydroxyproline assay was performed in evaluating the severity of hepatic cirrhosis. Real-time PCR and Western blot were performed for RNA gene expression of RNA and protein levels, respectively. Results. The BDL group showed liver injury as evidenced by histological changes and elevation in serum biochemicals, ductular reaction, fibrosis, and inflammation. The mRNA expression of canonical NF-κB inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β, and the protein of noncanonical NF-κB, P100, and P52 was upregulated in the livers of BDL rats. The BDL rats with the administration of AICAR could induce AMPK activation inhibiting the noncanonical NF-κB pathway to attenuate liver injury and fibrosis in BDL rats. Conclusion. The BDL model of hepatic cholestatic injury resulting in activation of Kupffer cells and recruitment of immune cells might initiate an inflammatory response through activation of the NF-κB pathway. The AMPK activator AICAR significantly alleviated BDL-induced inflammation in rats by mainly inhibiting the noncanonical NF-κB pathway and thus protecting against hepatic injury and fibrosis triggered by BDL.
Evaluation of the Feasibility of Screening Tau Radiotracers Using an Amyloid Biomathematical Screening Methodology
Authors: Nai Ying-Hwey , Watabe Hiroshi
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of extending a previously developed amyloid biomathematical screening methodology to support the screening of tau radiotracers during compound development. 22 tau-related PET radiotracers were investigated. For each radiotracer, in silico MLogP, Vx, and in vitro KD were input into the model to predict the in vivo K1, k2, and BPND under healthy control (HC), mild cognitive impaired (MCI), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) conditions. These kinetic parameters were used to simulate the time activity curves (TACs) in the target regions of HC, MCI, and AD and a reference region. Standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) were determined from the integrated area under the TACs of the target region over the reference region within a default time window of 90–110 min. The predicted K1, k2, and BPND values were compared with the clinically observed values. The TACs and SUVR distributions were also simulated with population variations and noise. Finally, the clinical usefulness index (CUI) ranking was compared with clinical comparison results. The TACs and SUVR distributions differed for tau radiotracers with lower tau selectivity. The CUI values ranged from 0.0 to 16.2, with 6 out of 9 clinically applied tau radiotracers having CUI values higher than the recommend CUI value of 3.0. The differences between the clinically observed TACs and SUVR results showed that the evaluation of the clinical usefulness of tau radiotracer based on single target binding could not fully reflect in vivo tau binding. The screening methodology requires further study to improve the accuracy of screening tau radiotracers. However, the higher CUI rankings of clinically applied tau radiotracers with higher signal-to-noise ratio supported the use of the screening methodology in radiotracer development by allowing comparison of candidate radiotracers with clinically applied radiotracers based on SUVR, with respect to binding to a single target.
On the Link between the Operating Point and the Temperature Distribution in PV Arrays Working under Mismatching Conditions
Authors: Costanzo Luigi , Vitelli Massimo
Published: December 2018

Mismatching operating conditions negatively affect the extracted energy in photovoltaic (PV) systems. They may also lead to dangerous localized heating phenomena (hot spots) that can cause, in turn, accelerated ageing and reduced reliability. Since the adoption of bypass diodes or smart active switches does not prevent the occurrence of hotspots, it is necessary to investigate alternative strategies. A promising solution is represented by the proper regulation of the operating point of the PV cells in the current vs. voltage (I-V) or power vs. voltage (P-V) planes when mismatching conditions occur. In particular, in this paper, the existence of operating points allowing a suitable compromise between maximization of the extracted power and minimization of thermal stresses, due to hot spots, is experimentally evidenced. Experimental results highlighting the link existing between the operating point in the I-V plane and the PV cell temperature distribution under uniform and mismatching operating conditions are presented and discussed. On the basis of the obtained experimental results, it is possible to state that, when mismatching conditions occur, it is mandatory to properly choose the operating point: the global maximum power point may not be the best operating point. Hence, it is crucial to gain information about the eventual occurrence of mismatching conditions in order to be able to properly choose the best operating point. Therefore, another crucial aspect that is evidenced in this paper is represented by the fact that the detection of the occurrence of mismatching conditions, based on the analysis of the shape of the I-V and/or P-V characteristics, is effective only if the analysis is carried out for both positive and negative voltages.
Analysis on Matrix GSW-FHE and Optimizing Bootstrapping
Authors: Zhao Xiufeng , Mao Hefeng , Liu Shuai , Song Weitao , Zhang Bo
Published: December 2018

With the rapid development of multimedia technologies, the multimedia data storage and outsource computation are delegated to the untrusted cloud, which has led to a series of challenging security and privacy threats. Fully homomorphic encryption can be used to protect the privacy of cloud data and solve the trust problem of third party. In this paper, we analyse circular security of matrix GSW-FHE scheme. We derive a sufficient condition of circular security for matrix GSW-FHE scheme. It allows us to choose a good secret key via “reject sample” technique and furthermore obtain circular secure matrix GSW-FHE scheme. We also give an extended version of matrix GSW-FHE by defining deterministic asymmetric encryption algorithm and propose hybrid homomorphic plaintext slot-wise switching method, which significantly reduces computation and storage complexity of bootstrapping key generation, thus optimizing the bootstrapping procedure.
Research of Vulnerability for Fresh Agricultural-Food Supply Chain Based on Bayesian Network
Authors: Yang Juan , Liu Haorui
Published: December 2018

Unbalanced supply and demand, bottleneck of transport capacity, seasonal cycle, and other factors lead to fragile supply chain of fresh agricultural products led by the platform, impeding smooth operation of the supply chain and even causing disruption risk. This paper studies the short-term and long-term vulnerability of the platform leading fresh agricultural product supply chain under the influence of logistics capital flow and information flow, defines its structure and the meaning of its vulnerability, analyzes the vulnerability of each link, and finds out the existing weak links in the supply chain through empirical research. The probability of accident is quantitatively analyzed by using the Bayesian Network. Firstly, the bow-tie model is used to identify the cause and consequence of the accident, and then it is transformed into the Bayesian Network model; then, the “Precursor Incident” information and prior probability are introduced to derive the posterior accident occurrence probability, and the probability of accident occurrence changing with time is quantitatively analyzed; finally, the dynamic risk calculation of fresh agricultural product trading center dominated by a certain platform was carried out. The results show that, with the increase of supply chain operation time and Precursor Incident, the probability of short-term supply chain vulnerability and accident risk present a significant increase trend, while the probability of long-term supply chain vulnerability and accident risk present a significant decrease trend. Therefore, it is suggested that enterprises should establish a dynamic risk evaluation system to monitor and predict the probability of event vulnerability, pay attention to “Precursor Incident,” and take measures to reduce it, such as effective integration of supply chain principal information, timely improvement of information integrated technologies, and comprehensive training on food safety and moral credibility.
TNFAIP3 F127C Coding Variation in Greek Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome Patients
Authors: Nezos Adrianos , Gkioka Eliona , Koutsilieris Michael , Voulgarelis Michael , Tzioufas Athanasios G. , Mavragani Clio P.
Published: December 2018

Tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) gene encodes the A20 protein, an important negative feedback regulator of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) pathway. A coding TNFAIP3 variant, namely rs2230926, has been previously linked to B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) development in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) of French and UK origin. Herein, we aimed to determine the prevalence of rs2230926 in a Greek primary SS cohort and explore possible associations with disease characteristics. The rs2230926 gene variant was genotyped in 327 primary Greek SS patients (ninety-one complicated by NHL (SS-lymphoma)) and 448 Greek healthy controls (HC) of similar age and sex distribution. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were also recorded and gene expression of relevant genes of the NF-κB pathway was quantitated by real-time PCR in available whole peripheral blood (PB) from 165 primary SS patients. Increased prevalence of the rs2230926 mutant variant was detected in both SS-lymphoma and SS-nonlymphoma subgroups compared to HC (8.8% vs. 7.6% vs. 3.6%, p values: 0.04 and 0.03, respectively) in association with higher IgM, LDH serum levels, and PB Bcl-XL transcripts but lower leucocyte and neutrophil counts. Of interest, approximately one-fifth of SS-lymphoma cases with age at disease onset ≤ 40 years carried the rs2230926 variant (18.2% vs. 3.6%, OR 95% (CI): 6.0 (1.8–19.8), p value: 0.01). We postulate that deregulation of the NF-κB pathway as a result of the TNFAIP3 rs2230926 aberration increases SS and SS lymphoma susceptibility particularly in patients with early disease onset.
Crystal Structures of the Putative Isocitrate Dehydrogenase fromSulfolobus tokodaiiStrain 7 in the Apo and NADP+-Bound Forms
Authors: Kondo Hisanori , Murakami Midori
Published: December 2018

Isocitrate dehydrogenase is a catabolic enzyme that acts during the third step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The hypothetical protein ST2166 from the archaeonSulfolobus tokodaiiwas isolated and crystallized. It shares high primary structure homology with prokaryotic NADP+-dependent IDHs, suggesting that these enzymes share a common enzymatic mechanism. The crystal structure of ST2166 was determined at 2.0 Å resolution in the apo form, and then the structure of the crystal soaked with NADP+was also determined at 2.4 Å resolution, which contained NADP+bound at the putative active site. Comparisons between the structures of apo and NADP+-bound forms and NADP-IDHs from other prokaryotes suggest that prokaryotic NADP-IDHs recognize their cofactors using conserved Lys335, Tyr336, and Arg386 in ST2166 at the opening cleft before the domain closure.
Foraminoplasty at the Tip or Base of the Superior Articular Process for Lateral Recess Stenosis in Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Controlled Study with 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Yang Jun-Song , Chu Lei , Chen Chien-Min , Wang Xiang-Fu , Xie Pei-Gen , Deng Rui , Yu Ke-Xiao , Shi Lei , Zhang Zhen-Xing , Rong Li-Min , Hao Ding-Jun , Deng Zhong-Liang
Published: December 2018

Objective. To compare the clinical efficacy and complications which obtained foraminoplasty at the tip or base of the superior articular process (SAP) for the patients with lateral recess stenosis treated by percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD). Methods. Between January 2015 and January 2016, 156 patients of lumbar disc herniation accompanying with lateral recess stenosis were treated with PELD in five tertiary hospitals and fulfilled the 2-year follow-up. Among them, 78 patients obtained a foraminoplasty at the tip of SAP (group A), and foraminoplasty at the base of SAP was performed in the other 78 cases (group B). Clinical efficacy was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) score for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) score. The intervals of follow-up were scheduled at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery. Results. Mean operative duration is shorter in group B (55 versus 61 min, P = 0.047). Only one case belonged to group A could not tolerate the neural irritation and required conversion to an open procedure. During the surgery, no dura tears, cauda equina syndrome, or infections were observed. 5 patients experienced transient dysesthesia located at the exiting nerve in group A, while no cases complained dysesthesia in group B. 2 cases who suffered temporary motor weakness all belonged to group A. A total of 5 cases obtained a revision surgery after recurrence in the follow-up, in which 3 patients belonged to group A. Compared to the preoperative data, significant improvements in VAS scores of low back pain and sciatica, ODI, and SF-36 PCS and MC were observed in the follow-up, respectively (P < 0.05, respectively). However, no statistical difference was observed at all time-points after surgery between these two groups (P > 0.05, respectively). Conclusions. For the patients of LDH accompanying with lateral recess stenosis, compared with the routine foraminoplasty at the tip of SAP, our modified foraminoplastic technique does not only change place of foraminoplasty to the base of SAP but also simplified puncture process in transforaminal PELD. Although there was no significant difference in symptom relief, the modified foraminoplasty showed the advantages in decreasing the incidence of postoperative neural dysfunction and reducing operation time.
Preparation and Application in Drug Storage and Delivery of Agarose Nanoparticles
Authors: Argudo Pablo G. , Guzmán Eduardo , Lucia Alejandro , Rubio Ramón G. , Ortega Francisco
Published: December 2018

In this work, monodisperse agarose gel nanoparticles were prepared using a W/O microemulsion as a template to control the size of the obtained particles. The combination of this template method with a temperature-induced gelling and a solvent exchange methodology has allowed preparing stable aqueous dispersions of monodisperse agarose gel nanoparticles in water. The average size, measured as an apparent hydrodynamic diameter, of the obtained particles was around 150 nm. The ability of the obtained hydrogel particles for the encapsulation and release of a synthetic insecticide (azamethiphos) was tested. The results evidence that the insecticide molecules encapsulated in the fabricated nanoparticles are released following a diffusion-controlled mechanism. These results combined with the biodegradability of the agarose provide the bases for the design of a new vector with application in the control of parasites in water reservoirs.
Graph-Based Collaborative Filtering with MLP
Authors: Lu Shengyu , Chen Hangping , Zhou XiuZe , Wang Beizhan , Wang Hongji , Hong Qingqi
Published: December 2018

The collaborative filtering (CF) methods are widely used in the recommendation systems. They learn users’ interests and preferences from their historical data and then recommend the items users may like. However, the existing methods usually measure the correlation between users by calculating the coefficient of correlation, which cannot capture any latent features between users. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm based on graph. First, we transform the users’ information into vectors and use SVD method to reduce dimensions and then learn the preferences and interests of all users based on the improved kernel function and map them to the network; finally, we predict the user’s rating for the items through the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). Compared with existing methods, on one hand, our method can discover some latent features between users by mapping users’ information to the network. On the other hand, we improve the vectors with the ratings information to the MLP method and predict the ratings for items, so we can achieve better effects for recommendation.
Absorption Cross Section and Decay Rate of Dilatonic Black Strings
Authors: Gürsel Huriye , Sakallı İzzet
Published: December 2018

We studied in detail the propagation of a massive tachyonic scalar field in the background of a five-dimensional (5D) Einstein–Yang–Mills–Born–Infeld–dilaton black string: the massive Klein–Gordon equation was solved, exactly. Next we obtained complete analytical expressions for the greybody factor, absorption cross section, and decay rate for the tachyonic scalar field in the geometry under consideration. The behaviors of the obtained results are graphically represented for different values of the theory’s free parameters. We also discuss why tachyons should be used instead of ordinary particles for the analytical derivation of the greybody factor of the dilatonic 5D black string.
Hearing Loss Characteristics of Workers with Hypertension Exposed to Occupational Noise: A Cross-Sectional Study of 270,033 Participants
Authors: Wang Boshen , Han Lei , Dai Simin , Li Xiuting , Cai Wenyan , Yang Dandan , Chen Lin , Wang Ning , Zhu Baoli , Zhang Juan
Published: December 2018

Objectives. This study investigated the hearing loss characteristics among occupational noise exposure workers with hypertension and the link between hypertension and hearing loss when exposed to occupational noise. Methods. A total of 267,766 occupational noise-exposed workers were enrolled, including 29,868 workers with hypertension and 240,165 without hypertension. Hypertension was diagnosed according to WHO criteria. Hypertension was classified into four grades based on blood pressure. Assessment of hearing was performed through measurement of an unadulterated tone threshold at different frequencies, which ranged between 250 and 8,000 Hz. Results. A substantial link was observed to exist between hypertension and the increment in the hearing limit. The increase in the hearing threshold was substantially higher among those having grade 2 hypertension. Conclusion. The current investigation suggested patients with hypertension exhibit a substantial rise in hearing loss in comparison with patients without hypertension. The rise in hearing loss was significant in patients with grade 2 hypertension. Efficient and practicable measures are required to decrease the hearing loss in workers with hypertension and work-related noise exposure.
Management of Osteomyelitis-Induced Massive Tibial Bone Defect by Monolateral External Fixator Combined with Antibiotics-Impregnated Calcium Sulphate: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Qin Chenghe , Xu Lei , Liao Juan , Fang Jia , Hu Yanjun
Published: December 2018

Aim.The present study is aimed at evaluating the effect of combined treatment on massive bone defect using radical debridement, antibiotic calcium sulphate, and monolateral external fixator.Methods.35 patients with tibial osteomyelitis received radical debridement, and during surgery antibiotics-impregnated calcium sulphate was used for filling the bone defect. Monolateral external fixator was used to manage the bone defect of average 95 (61-185) cm.Results.Bone union was achieved in 34 patients (97.1%) with no reinfection. One case was presented with reinfection and further debridement was conducted. The average time for the utility of external fixation was 17 (7-32) months, and external fixation index (EFI) was 1.79 mon/cm. The mean follow-up duration after surgery was 33.7 (21-41) months. 19, 13, and 3 patients got excellent, good, and fair bone results, respectively. Meanwhile, functional results were excellent, good, fair, and poor in 13, 15, 6, and 1 patient. The most common complication was pain (100%) and superficial pin-tract infection (22.8%). Delayed maturation was incurred in 2 patients.Conclusion.Our study reveals that radical debridement combined with antibiotics-impregnated calcium sulphate can suppress infection, and distraction osteogenesis using monolateral external fixators plays an effective role in managing osteomyelitis-induced massive tibial bone defect.
An Examination of Bacterial Contamination of Models Used in Anatomy Laboratories
Authors: Kosif Rengin , Avcioglu Fatma
Published: December 2018

Background. Bacterial, viral, and parasitic transmission is a common issue involving items that are used in crowded places and are touched. In this study, it was aimed to identify the types of bacteria on models used in anatomy laboratories and the types of bacteria that contaminate students’ hands. Methods. Swab samples were taken from 30 models used in the laboratory and from the dominant hands of 94 students prior to and after contact with the models and were examined in the microbiology laboratory. Results. Five types of bacteria were isolated from the anatomy models: coagulase-negative staphylococcus, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus spp., enterococcus spp., and escherichia coli. Coagulase-negative staphylococcus, staphylococcus aureus, and bacillus spp. were isolated from the hands of the students before the contact, and additionally, enterococcus spp. were isolated after the contact. The hands were not found to be contaminated with escherichia coli originating from the models, whereas enterococcus spp. were found to be transmitted to the hands after the contact. Conclusion. The necessity of washing hands before and after working on the models and the necessity of occasionally disinfecting the models have emerged.
Design, Electrical, and Optical Modelling of Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cell
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Shuja Ahmed , Baig Ahsan , Jamil Erum , Amjad Muhammad
Published: December 2018

The energy scenario today is focused on the development and usage of solar cells, especially in the paradigm of clean energy. To readily create electron and hole pairs, solar cells utilize either photoactive or photosensitive components. A bulk heterojunction (BHJ) is a nanolayer consisting of donor and acceptor components with a large interpenetrated acceptor and donor contact area. In this context, a mix of P3HT and PCBM offers novelty for its use as an acceptor as well as a donor. In the work presented here, we address the mechanism of modelling and characterization of a BHJ-based polymer solar cell. Here, a new design of BHJ polymer solar cells have been designed, modelled, using Silvaco TCAD in the Organic Solar module, and matched with an already assembled device having similar features. Using this model, we have been able to estimate key parameters for the modelled devices, such as the short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor with less than 0.25 error index compared to the fabricated counterpart, paving the way for fabless polymer solar cell design and optimization.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Management of a Fetal Goiter Hypothyroidism due to Dyshormonogenesis
Authors: Figueiredo Catarina Matos , Falcão Inês , Vilaverde Joana , Freitas Joana , Oliveira Maria João , Godinho Cristina , Dores Jorge , Rodrigues Maria Céu , Carvalho Carmen , Borges Teresa
Published: December 2018

Fetal goiter is a rare disorder not expected to be found during a healthy woman’s pregnancy. It can be a prenatal manifestation of congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dyshormonogenesis and it can lead to serious perinatal complications. A vascularized fetal neck mass was detected at 29 weeks’ gestation of a healthy primigravida. Magnetic resonance was suggestive of goiter causing airway deviation without polyhydramnios. Maternal thyroid function was normal and thyroid antibodies were negative. Two intra-amniotic levothyroxine infusions were performed at 32 and 33 weeks. Serial imaging control showed no progression of the mass. Elective caesarean section was performed at 38 weeks. The male newborn was admitted to the intensive care unit due to cardiorespiratory insufficiency with pulmonary hypertension. Hormonal assays revealed primary congenital hypothyroidism and ultrasonography confirmed diffuse goiter. Levothyroxine was started. Currently, he is 6 years old with adequate growth and normal psychomotor development. Genetic study found a heterozygous mutation in the TPO gene.
Parathyroid Hormone Causes Endothelial Dysfunction by Inducing Mitochondrial ROS and Specific Oxidative Signal Transduction Modifications
Authors: Gambardella Jessica , De Rosa Matteo , Sorriento Daniela , Prevete Nella , Fiordelisi Antonella , Ciccarelli Michele , Trimarco Bruno , De Luca Nicola , Iaccarino Guido
Published: December 2018

Vitamin D deficiency contributes to cardiovascular risk (CVR), with hyperparathyroidism advocated as a putative mechanism. Indeed, mounting evidence supports the hypothesis that parathyroid hormone (PTH) impairs endothelial function, even though mechanisms are not fully elucidated. The present study was designed to verify in vitro the ability of sustained exposure to PTH to cause endothelial dysfunction, exploring the underlying mechanisms. In bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), we evaluated the effects of PTH exposure (0.1 nM–24 hours) on both endothelial response to vasodilators, such as bradykinin (Bk (30 nM)) and acetylcholine (Ach (1 μM)), and angiogenic competence. Pretreatment with PTH impaired endothelial response to Bk but not to Ach, in terms of cytosolic calcium fluxes and NO production. In order to explore the underlying mechanisms, we assessed the production of total and mitochondrial ROS (tROS and mROS, respectively) in response to PTH (at 1 and 3 hours). PTH increased ROS generation, to an extent high enough to determine oxidation of Bk receptor B2. Conversely, the oxidation levels of M1 and M3 Ach receptors were not affected by PTH. A mROS selective scavenger (MitoTEMPO (5 μM)) restored the endothelial responsiveness to Bk while the well‐known antioxidant properties of vitamin D (100 nM) failed to counteract PTH‐mediated oxidative stress. PTH determined mitochondrial calcium fluxes ([Ca2+]mt) and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor Ru360 (10 μM) reduced mROS production and prevented the PTH‐mediated endothelial dysfunction. Angiogenic competence was evaluated as tubular formations in the endothelial Matrigel assay and showed a significant impairment in PTH‐pretreated cells (0.1 nM–24 hours), despite the increase in VEGF transcriptional levels. VEGFR2 oxidation occurred in response to PTH, suggesting that even the impairment of angiogenesis was due to the ROS surge. These results indicate that PTH affects endothelial function through ROS production, driven by mitochondrial calcium overload. PTH‐induced oxidative stress might act as signaling modifiers, altering specific pathways (Bk and VEGF) and preserving others (Ach).
First Order Framework for Gauge k-Vortices
Authors: Bazeia D. , Losano L. , Marques M. A. , Menezes R.
Published: December 2018

We study vortices in generalized Maxwell-Higgs models, with the inclusion of a quadratic kinetic term with the covariant derivative of the scalar field in the Lagrangian density. We discuss the stressless condition and show that the presence of analytical solutions helps us to define the model compatible with the existence of first order equations. A method to decouple the first order equations and to construct the model is then introduced and, as a bonus, we get the energy depending exclusively on a function of the fields calculated from the boundary conditions. We investigate some specific possibilities and find, in particular, a compact vortex configuration in which the energy density is all concentrated in a unit circle.
Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair of Esophageal Cancer-Associated Aortoesophageal Fistula: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sasaki Akiko , Egashira Hideto , Tokoro Shinnosuke , Ichita Chikamasa , Takizawa Satoshi , Tsukiyama Toshitaka , Ogino Hidemitsu , Kawachi Jun , Shimoyama Rai , Kako Makoto
Published: December 2018

Background. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair of an aortoesophageal fistula is an effective emergency treatment for patients with T4-esophageal cancer, as it prevents sudden death, and is a bridge to surgery. However, the course of unresectable malignant aortoesophageal fistula treated with thoracic endovascular aortic repair alone is not well-known. Case Presentation. We report a 67-year-old Japanese man with T4-esophageal cancer who experienced a chemoradiation-induced aortoesophageal fistula and was rescued with thoracic endovascular aortic repair. He recovered after the procedure and survived for 4 additional months with management of a mycotic aneurysm and secondary aortoesophageal fistula with the exposure of the stent graft into the esophagus. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair of aortoesophageal fistula with T4-esophageal cancer extended life for nearly an average of 4 months in the reported cases. As a postoperative complication, the exposure of the stent graft into the esophagus is rare but life-threatening; the esophageal stent insertion was effective. Conclusions. With postoperative management advances, thoracic endovascular aortic repair can improve survival and increase the quality of life of patients with T4-esophageal cancer.
Understanding the Role of Gui‐Zhi‐Fu‐Ling‐Capsules (Chinese Medicine) for Treatment of Endometriosis in the Rat Model: Using NMR Based Metabolomics
Authors: Zhou Jue , Ding Zhi-Ming , Hardiman Paul J.
Published: December 2018

The objective of this study is to identify the changes of metabolites in the rat endometriosis models treated with Gui-Zhi-Fu-Ling-capsules (GZFLC), a classic Chinese medicinal formula, and to explore the effects of GZFLC on the serum levels of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and the mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT‐4) in the endometriotic tissues. Forty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into the sham‐operation group (Normal group), Model group, Danazol group, and GZFLC group. The serum levels of TGF‐β1 were measured using enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression levels of VEGF and GLUT‐4 in the endometriotic tissue of the rat endometriosis models were measured using real‐time quantitative PCR. The metabolites in urine were detected by 1H NMR method. Eight identified metabolites of the NMR resonance were involved in the glycolysis metabolism. Among the 8 metabolites, Lactate, Acetate, TMA, and Formate were downregulated with GZFLC. Citrate, TMAO, Taurine, and Hippurate were unregulated with GZFLC. The serum levels of TGF‐β1 in the Danazol and GZFLC groups were significantly higher than those of Normal group and significantly lower than the Model group. GZFLC treatment significantly decreased the GLUT‐4 and VEGF mRNA expression levels in the endometriotic tissues of the endometriosis rats (P < 0.05). GZFLC significantly decreased the GLUT‐4 mRNA expression levels in rats of GZFLC group compared with Danazol group. It is through regulating the metabolites changes of glycolysis or gluconeogenesis that GZFLC significantly affected the expression levels of TGF‐β1, GLUT‐4, and VEGF of the model rats with endometriosis.
Liquid Biopsy and Lung Cancer
Authors: Pisapia Pasquale , Malapelle Umberto , Troncone Giancarlo
Published: December 2018

The identification of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients potentially responsive to targeted therapies relies on a number of relevant biomarkers, including EGFR, ALK, ROS-1, and PD-L1. Biomarker identification is most commonly based on surgical sample collection. However, when tissues are difficult to reach or when multiple analyses are necessary to monitor tumor progression and treatment response, liquid biopsy is a valid noninvasive alternative. This analysis, which is preferentially performed on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) extracted from plasma samples, has the major advantage of reducing the inherent risks and discomfort of tissue biopsy. However, a major disadvantage is that it yields only a low number of ctDNA targets. Thus, to avoid false-positive and false-negative results, it is important to adopt and validate technologies with high sensitivity and specificity in the pre-analytical phase of sampling. This review succinctly addresses the principal methodologies for analyzing plasma-derived ctDNA in NSCLC patients.
Changes in and Interactions between Physical and Mental Health in Older Japanese: The Nakanojo Study
Authors: Cho Sunyoung , Park Sungjin , Takahashi Shin , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro , Shephard Roy J. , Aoyagi Yukitoshi
Published: December 2018

Background: An age-related decrease in functional capacity is consistently reported, but it is not consistently related to a worsening of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) or psychological adjustment. A poor functional capacity and HRQOL have been associated with anxiety or depression, but the possible causal nature and direction of the relationship remain to be explored using long-term longitudinal data. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine age-related changes in functional capacity, HRQOL, and scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and possible causal interrelationships between these variables. Methods: Study participants were 5,124 Japanese aged ≥65 years. After the baseline study (2003), annual follow-up observations continued for 10 years. Generalized linear mixed models examined age-related changes in Barthel index (BI), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC), HRQOL, and HADS. Cross-lagged effects models tested possible causal interrelationships. Results: With age, functional capacity and HRQOL scores showed similar declines in both sexes. Changes in mental health, anxiety, and depression developed more slowly than decreases in physical health (BI, TMIG-IC, and physical functioning scores). Cross-lagged effects models demonstrated that functional capacity had positive effects on psychological adjustment, and that psychological adjustment had positive effects on functional capacity 5 years later. Interactions between functional capacity and psychological adjustment showed no sex differences. A decline in functional capacity negatively affected psychological adjustment, but reduced psychological adjustment had no significant impact on functional capacity 5 and 10 years later. Moreover, functional capacity and poor psychological adjustment showed no interactions in either sex. Conclusion: Functional capacity and mood state are interrelated. Greater function could sustain vitality and mental health, possibly reducing anxiety and depression.
Identification of A Ring-Hydroxylating Dioxygenases Capable of Anthracene and Benz[a]anthracene Oxidization from Rhodococcus sp. P14
Authors: Peng Tao , Luo An , Kan Jie , Liang Lei , Huang Tongwang , Hu Zhong
Published: December 2018

Nowadays, contamination of soil and marine sediments by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has become a serious problem all over the world. Rhodococcus sp. P14 was isolated from sediments with crude oil contaminate and showed degradation ability on various PAHs. The genome of Rhodococcus sp. P14 was sequenced. A gene cluster encoding a ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase Baa related to PAH degradation was identified by bioinformatics. The expression level of gene baaA was increased when P14 was cultured with anthracene, pyrene, phenanthrene, or benz[a]­anthracene as the single carbon source. The recombinant protein Baa was overexpressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Further investigations on the recombinant protein Baa in E. coli demonstrated that it was able to oxidize anthracene and benz [a]anthracene, resulting in 9,10-dihydroxyanthracene and 7, 12-dihydroxybenz[a]anthracene as metabolites, respectively. These results indicate that Baa plays an important role in PAH degradation in Rhodococcus sp. P14 and Baa has potential application in the bioremediation of PAHs in the contaminated environment.
Janus Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Severe Alopecia Areata: An Open-Label Comparative Study
Authors: Almutairi Nawaf , Nour Tarek M. , Hussain Nasser Haji 
Published: December 2018

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by patchy hair loss. There are many treatments available for AA. However, treatments of severe forms of AA are not satisfactory. Recently, oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors were found to be effective for the treatment of severe AA variants. Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare the efficacy, side effects, and durability of two oral JAK inhibitor medications (ruxolitinib and tofacitinib) in the treatment of severe AA. Methods: This study included 75 patients with AA with more than 30% scalp hair loss, alopecia totalis, and alopecia universalis randomized into 2 groups. The first group (n = 38) received ruxolitinib 20 mg twice daily, and the second group (n = 37) received oral tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily. The treatment continued for 6 months followed by 3 months of follow-up off therapy. Efficacy of treatment was assessed by monitoring the change in the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score. Results: Both tofacitinib and ruxolitinib induced remarkable hair regrowth, with a mean change in SALT score of 93.8 ± 3.25 in the ruxolitinib group and 95.2 ± 2.69 in the tofacitinib group. However, the ruxolitinib group showed a shorter duration for initial hair regrowth. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding hair regrowth at the end of the 6-month treatment and relapse rate at the end of the 3-month follow-up. Around two thirds of cases experienced relapse. Both drugs were well tolerated, with no reported serious adverse effects. Conclusion: Both ruxolitinib and tofacitinib could be considered effective and well-tolerated treatments for extensive AA.