bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Potential of Forest Wood Biomass in Terms of Sustainable Development
Authors: Konstantinavičienė Julija
Published: September 2023

Forest wood biomass is one of the basic renewable resources used in the bioeconomy as a raw material for industrial products and fuel. The forest also plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. The increasing demand for wood biomass due to the growing population, as well as the required strategies to face climate change, force us to look at the use of forest wood biomass from a different angle. The European Commission has made a decision about the European Green Deal strategy. The new EU Forestry Strategy, as an element of the European Green Deal, promotes the sustainable use of wood-based resources. Therefore, it is important to know what is the sustainable potential of forest wood biomass and how it can be assessed. This study aimed to assess the potential of forest wood biomass in terms of sustainable development in the European Union. Five estimates were applied, the self-sufficiency ratio, imports-dependence ratio, logging residues rate, recovery rate, and the ratio between annual fellings and the net annual increment of forest wood biomass. The findings indicate that the self-sufficiency in primary wood biomass is quite high, and the ratio between annual fellings and net annual increment of wood biomass is sustainable in total in the EU. However, in separate countries, there are opportunities to increase domestic fuelwood potential and reduce fuelwood imports by using logging residues. The basic idea is that the biomass potential of forest wood has more sustainable use opportunities. This study can provide insight for political direction into how to increase self-sufficiency in wood biomass and maintain a balance between harvesting and the increment of wood biomass at the same time. Future research on the potential of forest wood biomass should consider the distribution potential by countries and counties. The principal conclusions of this study are important for the development of a sustainable bioeconomy and the need to sustainably use the potential of forest wood biomass.
What Factors Influence Consumers to Buy Green Products? An Analysis through the Motivation–Opportunity–Ability Framework and Consumer Awareness
Authors: Yener Gizem , Secer Arzu , Ghazalian Pascal L.
Published: September 2023

The value of sustainable consumption behaviors has dramatically increased and become an important focus area in the market and society. This study examines the internal and external drivers influencing consumers’ purchasing behavior toward green products. The Motivation–Opportunity–Ability (MOA) framework is used and expanded with consumer awareness of sustainability as the conceptual basis of this study. The data were basically gathered from 439 consumers in Greece through an online survey. Logistic Regression Analysis is used to reach the research objectives. The findings of this study point out that consumers’ motivation, abilities, and awareness of sustainability significantly affect their green product purchasing behavior. In contrast, consumers’ opportunity circumstances have no significant effects on their purchasing behavior. The outcomes of this study are pertinent for marketing activities, plans of action, and campaigns organized by marketing agents, governments, or other organizations to promote green consumerism.
Sustainable Smart Agriculture Farming for Cotton Crop: A Fuzzy Logic Rule Based Methodology
Authors: Bin Li , Shahzad Muhammad , Khan Hira , Bashir Muhammad Mehran , Ullah Arif , Siddique Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Sustainable agriculture is a pivotal driver of a nation’s economic growth, especially considering the challenge of providing food for the world’s expanding population. Agriculture remains a cornerstone of many nations’ economies, so the need for intelligent, sustainable farming practices has never been greater. Agricultural industries worldwide require sophisticated systems that empower farmers to manage their crops efficiently, reduce water wastage, and optimize yield quality. Yearly, substantial crop losses occur due to unpredictable environmental changes, with improper irrigation practices being a leading cause. In this paper, we introduce an innovative irrigation time control system for smart farming. This system leverages fuzzy logic to regulate the timing of irrigation in cotton crop fields, effectively curbing water wastage while ensuring that crops receive neither too little nor too much water. Additionally, our system addresses a common agricultural challenge: whitefly infestations. Users can adjust climatic parameters, such as temperature and humidity, through our system, which minimizes both whitefly populations and water consumption. We have developed a portable measurement technology that includes air humidity sensors, temperature sensors, and rain sensors. These sensors interface with an Arduino platform, allowing real-time climate data collection. This collected climate data is then sent to the fuzzy logic control system, which dynamically adjusts irrigation timing in response to changing environmental conditions. Our system incorporates an algorithm that generates highly effective (IF-THEN) fuzzy logic rules, significantly improving irrigation efficiency by reducing overall irrigation duration. By automating the irrigation process and precisely delivering the right amount of water, our system eliminates the need for human intervention, rendering the agricultural system more dependable in achieving successful crop yields. Water supply commences when the environmental conditions reach specific thresholds and halts when the requisite climate conditions are met, maintaining an optimal environment for crop growth.
Ship Carbon Intensity Indicator Assessment via Just-in-Time Arrival Algorithm Based on Real-Time Data: Case Study of Pusan New International Port
Authors: Kim Se-Won , Eom Jeong-On
Published: September 2023

Decarbonization is the most urgent task for the shipping industry. The International Maritime Organization, which makes the rules for shipping companies, has strengthened their carbon emissions regulation in order to reduce emissions to 70% of 2008’s carbon emissions by 2050. However, 75% of the existing fleet cannot satisfy this carbon emission regulation. The building of new vessels makes it possible to reduce carbon emissions and satisfy this regulation through adopting eco-friendly propulsion methods, such as LNG, ammonia, and methanol propulsion. However, the existing vessels on the sea find it difficult to dock and change their propulsion equipment. This research aims to propose a novel voyage operation method—a just-in-time arrival policy—that converts vessels’ waiting time into voyage time. The proposed method can reduce carbon emissions without propulsion system alteration and expand a vessel’s lifespan, thus satisfying carbon regulations. The carbon intensity indicator, invented by the IMO to regulate vessel carbonization, assesses the quantity of reduced carbon emissions. This research investigated the variation in the carbon intensity indicators of vessels when the just-in-time arrival policy was applied through studying an actual vessel’s arrival and departure dates at the Pusan International container terminal. According to the results of our analysis, ship carbon emissions decreased by an average of 45.8%, and by a maximum of 91%, compared to the levels before applying the proposed method. In addition, 87.0% of vessels obtained a carbon intensity indicator rank improvement and expanded the period that can satisfy the carbon intensity regulation by an average of eleven years and a maximum of twenty-seven years through applying the proposed just-in-time arrival policy. Additionally, the improvement effect of the carbon intensity rank positively correlates with ship size and waiting time at the port.
Design of Turbo-Roundabouts Based on the Rules of Vehicle Movement Geometry on Curvilinear Approaches
Authors: Sołowczuk Alicja Barbara , Benedysiuk Weronika
Published: September 2023

The construction of turbo-roundabouts is an increasingly frequent choice when it comes to improving flow capacity and traffic safety at road intersections. The existing design guidelines, as a rule, give parameters for turbo-roundabouts with approaches set at right angles to each other. The article presents turbo-roundabout design methods, taking into account swept path analyses of the chosen design vehicles when the approach legs are curvilinear and oriented to each other at a non-right angle. Based on the analysis of three different design vehicles, it was proven that their swept paths have a major influence on the geometrical parameters of the roundabout and, consequently, on the land take area, i.e., they can significantly impact the project’s construction costs. In the case of curvilinear approaches, which are oriented to each other at a non-right angle, it is impossible to impose on the designer specific values of the circulatory lane widths and the entry and exit curve radii as they depend primarily on the chosen design vehicle. The aim of the article was to demonstrate that in the case of the curvilinear approach on the Basic type turbo-roundabout, the design process should include the swept path analysis for the chosen design vehicle for each of the approaches. This should lead to the design of wider swept paths and higher curve lane divider entry and exit radii.
Numerical Simulation and Optimization of a Phase-Change Energy Storage Box in a Modular Mobile Thermal Energy Supply System
Authors: Kang Zhangyang , Tan Rufei , Zhou Wu , Qin Zhaolong , Liu Sen
Published: September 2023

Featuring phase-change energy storage, a mobile thermal energy supply system (M-TES) demonstrates remarkable waste heat transfer capabilities across various spatial scales and temporal durations, thereby effectively optimizing the localized energy distribution structure—a pivotal contribution to the attainment of objectives such as “carbon peak” and “carbon neutral”. To heighten the efficiency of energy transfer for mobile heating, this research introduces the innovative concept of modular storage and transportation. This concept is brought to life through the development of a meticulously designed modular mobile phase-change energy storage compartment system. Employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD), an in-depth exploration into the performance of the modular M-TES container and the adapted phase-change material (PCM) is conducted. By implementing fin arrangements on the inner wall of the heat storage module, a remarkable upsurge in the liquid phase-transition rate of the phase-change material is achieved in comparison to the design lacking fins—this improvement approximating around 30%. However, it is essential to acknowledge that the augmentation in heat transfer gradually recedes with the proliferation of fins or an escalation in their height. Moreover, the integration of expanded graphite into erythritol emerges as profoundly effective in amplifying the thermal conductivity of the PCM. Notably, with the addition of a 15.2% volume fraction of expanded graphite to erythritol, the duration of heat storage experiences a drastic reduction to nearly 10% of its original duration, thereby signifying a momentous advancement in thermal performance.
Sustaining Global Food Systems with Youth Digital Livestock Production Curricula Interventions and Adoption to Professionally Develop Agents of Change
Authors: Strong Robert , Sprayberry Sarah , Dooley Kim , Ahn Jaehyun , Richards Jennifer , Kinsella Jim , Lee Chin-Ling , Ray Nicole , Cardey Sarah , Benson Carmen , Ettekal Andrea
Published: September 2023

Improving the sustainability of global food systems requires competent and impactful change agents who are tasked with disseminating knowledge to stakeholders in local communities. Agricultural Extension agents and agricultural educator, who provide mentorship and preparation of youth, are pivotal for the positive outcomes of youth livestock production programs. Digital professional development, as one intervention for both formal and nonformal educators, can be a more effective use of an educator’s time. This study examined the needs and competency levels of agents and teachers related to their capacity for training youth livestock exhibitors. Through an online course, participants completed a pre-posttest within an interactive module. The data revealed that agents and agricultural teachers were proficient in Texas, USA, youth livestock production programs. This study found that the majority of both groups scored over 90% on the curricula’s assessment. There was a significant difference; agricultural education teachers reported higher mean scores than Extension agents on the Effective Teaching assessment. Both groups reported agreement with the Time to Complete, Tool Navigation, and Effective Teaching assessments. The data indicated that participants should additionally receive training materials on ethics policy and livestock validation. Livestock production digital professional development for nonformal agents of change is essential for sustaining global food chains.
Valorization of Marble Waste Powder as a Replacement for Limestone in Clinker Production: Technical, Environmental and Economic Evaluation
Authors: Batalha Vieira Luara , Francioso Vito , Bueno Mariani Bruna , Moro Carlos , Dantas Viana Barbosa Josiane , da Silva Paes Cardoso Larissa , Ribeiro Dias Cleber Marcos , Velay-Lizancos Mirian
Published: September 2023

This research combines technical, environmental, and economic aspects regarding the utilization of Bege Bahia marble waste (BB) in clinker production. Three different eco-friendly clinkers were produced, investigated, and compared with one that is commercially available. BB was used to replace 49.2%, 77%, and 80.3% of the limestone by total amount of clinker. Two clinkers were selected to produce cement pastes, and their impact on compressive strength at 28 days was examined. The results suggest that substituting limestone with BB does not adversely affect the compressive strength of cement paste. Moreover, employing 77% or 80.3% BB in clinker production does not significantly influence the alite and belite contents but slightly increases the tricalcium aluminate and ferrite phases while reducing the periclase content. A life cycle analysis was conducted to assess the effects of replacing limestone with marble waste. The results revealed a substantial decrease in abiotic depletion, leading to conservation of substantial natural resources. Consequently, the utilization of BB in clinker production makes a significant contribution to environmental preservation while providing an effective alternative to limestone. In addition, the resulting clinkers serve as useful repositories, providing a permanent and sustainable destination for waste that is currently deposited in landfills. Finally, the economic viability was also examined under various scenarios based on the distance between marble and cement plants. The results highlight the transport distance of marble waste as the primary determinant of economic feasibility in utilizing this residue as a limestone replacement.
Design of Active Disturbance Rejection Controller for Trajectory-Following of Autonomous Ground Electric Vehicles
Authors: Jin Xianjian , Lv Huaizhen , He Zhihui , Li Zhiwei , Wang Zhaoran , Ikiela Nonsly Valerienne Opinat
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the concept of symmetry is utilized in the promising trajectory-following control design of autonomous ground electric vehicles—that is, the construction and the solution of active disturbance rejection controllers are symmetrical. This paper presents an active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) for improving the trajectory-following performance of autonomous ground electric vehicles (AGEV) with an advanced active front steering system. Since AGEV trajectory dynamics are inherently affected by complex traffic conditions, various driving maneuvers, and other road environment, the main control objective is to deal with the AGEV trajectory control challenges of system uncertainties, system nonlinearities, and external disturbance. First, the vehicle dynamics trajectory-following model and its state space representation system are established. Then, the augmented control-oriented vehicle-trajectory-following system with dynamic error is developed. The resulting active disturbance rejection controller of the vehicle-trajectory-following system is finally designed using the trajectory performance index and active disturbance compensation, and the stability of the active disturbance rejection controller is also analyzed and derived via Lyapunov stability theory. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is validated through double lane change and serpentine maneuvers under the co-simulation platform of MATLAB/Simulink-Carsim®. Simulation results show that the designed controller provides enhanced vehicle-trajectory-following performance compared to the linear quadratic regulator controller (LQR) and model predictive controller (MPC). It will provide a certain guidance for the controller engineering design of the AGEV trajectory-following system.
Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Chromo Dynamics: Delicate and Intricate
Authors: Alkofer Reinhard
Published: September 2023

Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DχSB) in quantum chromo dynamics (QCD) for light quarks is an indispensable concept for understanding hadron physics, i.e., the spectrum and the structure of hadrons. In functional approaches to QCD, the respective role of the quark propagator has been evident since the seminal work of Nambu and Jona-Lasinio has been recast in terms of QCD. It not only highlights one of the most important aspects of DχSB, the dynamical generation of constituent quark masses, but also makes plausible that DχSB is a robustly occurring phenomenon in QCD. The latter impression, however, changes when higher n-point functions are taken into account. In particular, the quark–gluon vertex, i.e., the most elementary n-point function describing the full, non-perturbative quark–gluon interaction, plays a dichotomous role: It is subject to DχSB as signalled by its scalar and tensor components but it is also a driver of DχSB due to the infrared enhancement of most of its components. Herein, the relevant self-consistent mechanism is elucidated. It is pointed out that recently obtained results imply that, at least in the covariant gauge, DχSB in QCD is located close to the critical point and is thus a delicate effect. In addition, requiring a precise determination of QCD’s three-point functions, DχSB is established, in particular in view of earlier studies, by an intricate interplay of the self-consistently determined magnitude and momentum dependence of various tensorial components of the gluon–gluon and the quark–gluon interactions.
Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Dried Fruits Worldwide, with a Focus on Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A: A Review
Authors: González-Curbelo Miguel Ángel , Kabak Bulent
Published: September 2023

Dried fruits are popular and nutritious snacks consumed worldwide due to their long shelf life and concentrated nutrient content. However, fruits can be contaminated with various toxigenic fungal species during different stages, including cultivation, harvesting, processing, drying, and storage. Consequently, these products may contain high levels of mycotoxins. This risk is particularly pronounced in developed countries due to the impact of climate change. Several factors contribute to mycotoxin production, including the type of fruit, geographical location, climate conditions, harvest treatments, and storage management practices. The main mycotoxins in dried fruits are aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA), which can induce human health problems and economic losses. Mycotoxin contamination can vary significantly depending on the geographic origin of dried fruits (vine fruits, figs, dates, apricots, prunes, and mulberries). The aim of this review was to fill the knowledge gap by consolidating data from various regions to understand the global picture and identify regions with higher contamination risks. By consolidating research from various origins and stages of the supply chain, the review intends to shed light on potential contamination events during pre-harvest, drying, storage, and trading, while also highlighting the effects of storage conditions and climate change on mycotoxin contamination.
High Genetic Diversity of HIV-1 and Active Transmission Clusters among Male-to-Male Sexual Contacts (MMSCs) in Zhuhai, China
Authors: Zhou Yi , Cui Mingting , Hong Zhongsi , Huang Shaoli , Zhou Shuntai , Lyu Hang , Li Jiarun , Lin Yixiong , Huang Huitao , Tang Weiming , Sun Caijun , Huang Wenyan
Published: September 2023

Monitoring genetic diversity and recent HIV infections (RHIs) is critical for understanding HIV epidemiology. Here, we report HIV-1 genetic diversity and RHIs in blood samples from 190 HIV-positive MMSCs in Zhuhai, China. MMSCs with newly reported HIV were enrolled from January 2020 to June 2022. A nested PCR was performed to amplify the HIV polymerase gene fragments at HXB2 positions 2604–3606. We constructed genetic transmission network at both 0.5% and 1.5% distance thresholds using the Tamura-Nei93 model. RHIs were identified using a recent infection testing algorithm (RITA) combining limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay (LAg-EIA) assay with clinical data. The results revealed that 19.5% (37/190) were RHIs and 48.4% (92/190) were CRF07_BC. Two clusters were identified at a 0.5% distance threshold. Among them, one was infected with CRF07_BC for the long term, and the other was infected with CRF55_01B recently. We identified a total of 15 clusters at a 1.5% distance threshold. Among them, nine were infected with CRF07_BC subtype, and RHIs were found in 38.8% (19/49) distributed in eight genetic clusters. We identified a large active transmission cluster (n = 10) infected with a genetic variant, CRF79_0107. The multivariable logistic regression model showed that clusters were more likely to be RHIs (adjusted OR: 3.64, 95% CI: 1.51~9.01). The RHI algorithm can help to identify recent or ongoing transmission clusters where the prevention tools are mostly needed. Prompt public health measures are needed to contain the further spread of active transmission clusters.
Towards Adaptive Water Management—Optimizing River Water Diversion at the Basin Scale under Future Environmental Conditions
Authors: Derepasko Diana , Witing Felix , Peñas Francisco J. , Barquín José , Volk Martin
Published: September 2023

The degree of success of river water diversion planning decisions is affected by uncertain environmental conditions. The adaptive water management framework incorporates this uncertainty at all stages of management. While the most effective form of adaptive management requires experimental comparison of practices, the use of optimization modeling is convenient for conducting exploratory simulations to evaluate the spatiotemporal implications of current water diversion management decisions under future environmental changes. We demonstrate such an explorative modeling approach by assessing river water availability for diversion in a river basin in Northern Spain under two future environmental scenarios that combine climate and land use change. An evolutionary optimization method is applied to identify and reduce trade-offs with Supporting Ecosystem Services linked to environmental flow requirements for relevant local freshwater species. The results show that seasonal shifts and spatial heterogeneity of diversion volumes are the main challenges for the future diversion management of the Pas River. Basin-scale diversion management should take into account the seasonal planning horizon and the setting of tailored diversion targets at the local-level to promote the implementation of adaptive management. The presented assessment can help with strategic placement of diversion points and timing of withdrawals, but it also provides deeper insight into how optimisation can support decision-making in managing water diversion under uncertain future environmental conditions.
Evaluation of Seasonal Climate Predictability Considering the Duration of Climate Indices
Authors: Kim Chul-Gyum , Lee Jeongwoo , Lee Jeong Eun , Kim Hyeonjun
Published: September 2023

This study examines the long-term climate predictability in the Seomjin River basin using statistical methods, and explores the effects of incorporating the duration of climate indices as predictors. A multiple linear regression model is employed, utilizing 44 climate indices as predictors, including global climate patterns and local meteorological factors specific to the area. The analysis focuses on teleconnections between the target variables and climate indices, considering the value of each index, not only for the corresponding month, but also for an average value over a duration of 2 and 3 months. The correlation analysis reveals that considering the duration of climate indices allows for the inclusion of predictors with higher correlation, leading to improved forecasting accuracy. The goodness of fit analysis, which compares predicted mean values with observed values on a monthly basis, indicates that neither precipitation nor temperature is significantly affected by the duration. However, the tercile hit rate analysis, comparing the results with historical data, shows a 34.7% hit rate for precipitation, both before and after, reflecting the duration of indices. Notably, for long lead times (10–12 months), the hit rate improves after incorporating the duration. In contrast, for temperature, the tercile hit rate is higher before considering the duration. Nonetheless, both precipitation and temperature exhibit hit rates higher than the baseline probability of 33.3%, affirming the reliability of long-term forecasts in the Seomjin River basin. Incorporating the duration of climate indices enhances the selection of predictors with higher correlation, resulting in a notable impact on long-lead precipitation forecasting. However, since temperature demonstrates little irregularity and displays a consistent pattern according to the month and season, the effect of considering the duration is relatively insignificant compared to precipitation. Future research will explore the decrease in hit rate due to reflecting the duration in temperature by extending the analysis to other regions.
Research Trends in Smart Cost-Effective Water Quality Monitoring and Modeling: Special Focus on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Geetha Mithra , Bonthula Sumalatha , Al-Maadeed Somaya , Al-Lohedan Hamad , Rajabathar Jothi Ramalingam , Arokiyaraj Selvaraj , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar
Published: September 2023

Numerous conventional methods are available for analyzing various water quality parameters to determine the water quality index. However, ongoing surveillance is necessary for large bodies of water. A water quality monitoring system supports a robust surface and groundwater ecosystem. Various tactics are used to improve aquatic habitats: identification of the precise chemical pollutants released into the aquatic environment; advancements in assessing ecological effects; and working on ways to enhance water quality through informing the public, communities, businesses, etc. In order to save the marine ecosystem and those who entirely depend on these enormous bodies of water, it is also crucial to continuously handle many data sets of water quality metrics. To predict the water quality index, this review paper provides an overview of water quality monitoring, the modeling and numerous sensors employed, and various artificial intelligence approaches. Various water quality models were proposed to assess pH, a few components, and alkalinity. Additionally, handling raw information for surface and groundwater quality metrics was studied using artificial intelligence techniques like neural networks.
Dam Surface Deformation Monitoring and Analysis Based on PS-InSAR Technology: A Case Study of Xiaolangdi Reservoir Dam in China
Authors: Wang Qun , Gao Yufei , Gong Tingting , Liu Tiejun , Sui Zhengwei , Fan Jinghui , Wang Zhenyu
Published: September 2023

The Xiaolangdi Dam is a key project for the control and development of the Yellow River. It bears the functions of flood control, controlling water and sediment in the lower reaches, ice prevention, industrial and agricultural water supply, power generation, and so on. Its safety is related to people’s life and property safety and local economic and social development. It is of great significance to carry out comprehensive and regular deformation monitoring for dams since the deformation is an important evaluation index for dam safety. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology has been a rapidly evolving technology in the field of space geodesy in recent years. It offers advantages such as high monitoring precision, extensive coverage, and high monitoring point density, making it a powerful tool for monitoring deformations in hydraulic engineering projects. Based on Sentinel-1 data covering the Xiaolangdi Dam from September 2020 to November 2022, the PS-InSAR technique was used to obtain the surface deformation of the Xiaolangdi Dam, and reservoir water level data on image acquisition dates were obtained for joint analysis. The results show that there is a large deformation in the center of the dam crest of the Xiaolangdi Dam, while both sides of the slope and downstream dam foot are relatively stable. The time series deformation of the dam body is closely related to the reservoir water level change. When the water level increases, the dam body tends to deform downstream; when the water level decreases, the dam body tends to deform upstream. The deformation and water level of the Xiaolangdi Dam exhibit a clear negative correlation. There is no significant cumulative deformation on the dam slopes or at the base of the dam. However, cumulative deformation occurs over time in the central area of the dam’s crest. The deformation process at the central area of the dam’s crest follows a continuous and non-disruptive pattern, which is consistent with the typical deformation behavior of the Xiaolangdi earth–rock dam structure. Therefore, it is judged that the current deformation of the Xiaolangdi Dam does not impact the safe operation of the dam. InSAR technology enables the rapid acquisition of high-precision, high-density deformation information on the surfaces of reservoir dams. With an increasing number of radar satellites in various frequency bands, such as Sentinel-1 and TerraSAR-X, there is now an ample supply of available data sources for InSAR applications. Consequently, InSAR technology can be extended to routine monitoring applications for reservoir dam deformations, especially for small and medium-sized reservoirs that may not be equipped with ground measurement tools like GNSS. This holds significant importance and potential for enhancing the safety monitoring of such reservoirs.
China’s Space Exploration Strategy
Authors:   Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leonov Vladislav , Borisova Ekaterina ,   Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2023

In recent decades, China’s economy has shown unprecedented qualitative growth, and one of the factors behind this growth is an active development of its space program as the most technologically advanced industry. If this growth trend continues, then China will need new sources of raw materials, and the emergence of new technologies in various branches of science and technology, including astronautics itself, will require even more active space exploration, which represents a gigantic resource base. The present article analyzes the strategies and prospects of China’s astronautics as a space power that occupies a dominant position not only in the Asia-Pacific region, but also on the planet as a whole, and also describes the reasons for China’s increased activity in the exploration of near space, primarily the Moon.
Kids of the Galaxy
Authors:   Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation, Shafranik Yuri
Published: September 2023

Review of the collective monograph “On the Way to a Cosmoplanetary Civilization” edited by Bushuev V.V., Klepach A.N., published in 2023 by the publishing house ”Energy“.
Specifics of Technological Development of Russia
Authors:   Institute of Economic of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sukharev Oleg ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: September 2023

The paper deals with the problems of ensuring the technological sovereignty of the Russian economy, as a task set in 2022, with an emphasis on the evolutionary aspects of technological changes when considering options for government decisions. The purpose of the study is to identify the specific characteristics of technological (innovation) dynamics with the formation of structural and sectoral policy measures corresponding to these characteristics. The result is a rationale for the coherence of the policy of new industrialization and ensuring technological sovereignty, which requires a systemplanned approach that involves controlled structural changes in the field of basic industries and the technological base of the Russian economy. The properties of the aggregated sectors are presented, which must be taken into account when implementing the relevant structural policy. Proposals are given on the formation of structural and sectoral policy in Russia at the present stage.
Mechanoluminescent Materials Enable Mechanochemically Controlled Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Polymer Mechanotransduction
Authors: Li Zexuan , Wang Zhenhua , Wang Chen , Li Wenxi , Fan Wenru , Zhao Ruoqing , Feng Haoyang , Peng Dengfeng , Huang Wei
Published: September 2023

Organic mechanophores have been widely adopted for polymer mechanotransduction. However, most examples of polymer mechanotransduction inevitably experience macromolecular chain rupture, and few of them mimic mussel’s mechanochemical regeneration, a mechanically mediated process from functional units to functional materials in a controlled manner. In this paper, inorganic mechanoluminescent (ML) materials composed of CaZnOS-ZnS-SrZnOS: Mn
2+
were used as a mechanotransducer since it features both piezoelectricity and mechanolunimescence. The utilization of ML materials in polymerization enables both mechanochemically controlled radical polymerization and the synthesis of ML polymer composites. This procedure features a mechanochemically controlled manner for the design and synthesis of diverse mechanoresponsive polymer composites.
Survey on the quality of outlet biosolids and sludge heavy metals in the wastewater treatment plants of Mazandaran province
Authors: Yousefi Zabihollah , Batabi Reza , Ziaei Hezarjaribi Hajar , Mousavi Nasab Noureddin
Published: September 2023

Background: Sewage sludge is rich in fecal coliforms, Salmonella, parasite eggs, and heavy metals that can cause disease in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of outlet biosolids and sludge heavy metals in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Mazandaran province and to compare them with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards. Methods: This study was carried out on the sludge of the treatment plants of Sari, Joybar, Babol, Babolsar, Nowshahr, and Nowshahr-Chalus sludge compost plants. In this study, physical, chemical, and biological properties of sludge samples including retention time, pH, total solids (TS), color, heavy metals (copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium, and chromium) as well as the density of fecal coliform, Salmonella and parasite eggs were determined and reported. Results: Biosolids of Joybar, Babol, Babolsar, and Nowshahr-Chalus WWTP in terms of parasite eggs were in class A. Biosolids of Sari WWTP in summer after drying off naturally were located in Class A, and in summer and spring, were located in Class B based on the US EPA criteria. The average concentration of heavy metals (copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium, and chromium) was lower than the EPA standard. Conclusion: The results showed that mostly the treated sewage sludge in Mazandaran WWTPs were in Class B of the EPA guideline. The concentration of heavy metals in the biosolids of these WWTPs is lower than the EPA regulation and the use of these biosolids in agriculture is not limited for these metals.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurse aids and service staff about nosocomial infection control: A case study in Iran
Authors: Soleimani Zahra , Mosadeghrad Ali Mohammad , Alighardashi Mojgan , Azadnajafabad Sina , Safari Mohammad , Mokhtari Zahra , Moradi Marziyeh , Shalyari Naseh , Kazemizad Leila , Mesdaghinia Alireza
Published: September 2023

Background: Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) or nosocomial infection is a major public health concern. In this study, the status of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of service staff and nurse aids in reference to HAI was investigated. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out to investigate KAP in two steps design and measurement. Twenty-five hospitals were included in this study. To collect data, a questionnaire comprised of 8 divisions and 45 questions was designed and validated, and the three sections of KAP were listed. The questionnaire was distributed to 405 nurse aids and service staff to determine their level of KAP towards HAI. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18. Results: The mean±standard deviation values of KAP of the included staff were 7.07±1.97, 23.08±4.38, and 35.83±8.25, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed in the level of KAP of personnel among different hospitals (P<0.001). The type of employment status and education was found to be significantly influential on knowledge (P=0.027, P<0.001) and level of education. Marital status, education and career experience were found to be significantly influential on attitude (P=0.034, P=0.004 and 0.045). Level of education, job category, career experience, and gender were the significant influential factors on practice (P<0.05). Conclusion: The knowledge and practice levels were low in many nurse aids and service staff. An educational plan and compiled programs in hospital infection control seem to be necessary to effectively control the major concern of HAI in hospitals in Iran.
Environment and child well-being: A scoping review of reviews to guide policies
Authors: Wallerich Louise , Fillol Amandine , Rivadeneyra Ana , Vandentorren Stéphanie , Wittwer Jérôme , Cambon Linda
Published: September 2023

Background: Acting on social determinants is the most effective, efficient, and fairest strategy to improve population health and health equity. Because of their vulnerability and dependence, children are particularly exposed to the deleterious effects of their living environment. Taking these issues into account in the development of public policies and identifying levers for action are crucial. The objective of this scoping review of reviews is to identify the main environmental determinants on children’s health and development, and their mechanisms of effect, to be addressed by public policies. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of reviews in accordance with the method developed by Arksey and O’Malley, and Levac and colleagues’ methodology advancement and the PRISMA guideline. Inclusion criteria were identified with the PICos (population-phenomena of interest-context-study design) framework. We used the PubMed database and conducted a thematic analyze. Results: Forty-seven articles were selected. Their analysis allowed us to identify five categories of interdependent environmental determinants of child health: i) urban design ii) contaminants, iii) parenting environment, iv) social conditions, v) climate change. Together and in a systemic way, they act on the health of the child. Conclusion: The review carried out allows us to propose a pragmatic framework for clarifying the effects of the physical, social, and economic environment on children’s health and wellbeing.
Inequalities in care for Iranian women suffering from the comorbidity of substance use and mental illness: The need for integrated treatment
Authors: Kheirkhah Mohammad Taghi , Mokarrami Mehran , Kazemitabar Maryam , Garcia Danilo
Published: September 2023

This paper addresses the comorbidity of substance use and mental illness among women in Iran and the barriers they encounter in accessing treatment. Research has demonstrated a higher prevalence of comorbidity of substance use disorders and mental illness among women than men. It has been suggested that women in Iran may face numerous barriers to appropriate care, such as stigma and discrimination associated with substance use. Integrated treatment for co-occurring disorders (CODs) has been highly beneficial and effective; however, personal and structural limitations impede this treatment approach, which explains the need to develop a situation- and culture-specific program. Needs assessment is necessary to achieve an integrated treatment, and the Iranian government should take the lead in this endeavor. However, if this seems unlikely, non-governmental organizations could be called upon to promote it.
Sustainability Management, Technological Innovation and Corporate Social Responsibility for Social Media Small to Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)
Authors: Marneros Stelios , Papageorgiou George , Efstathiades Andreas
Published: September 2023

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of the social and technological environment on business performance. Focus is placed on SMEs and their effort to achieve sustainable competitive advantage and thereby sustainable business performance. For this purpose, a survey study was carried out, where primary data was collected from a representative sample of SMEs operating in the Social Media industry of Greece. Questionnaires were distributed to managers and entrepreneurs of the Social Media Industry. These managers/entrepreneurs were selected using a simple random sampling methodology. The findings of the study revealed that social and technological developments have a major role in developing a sustainable competitive advantage. Strategy alignment was also found to be key in tackling the problems and in undertaking the opportunities that arise from the current social and technological environment, thereby reaching sustainable business performance. The findings of the study are especially useful to entrepreneurs and professionals in the industry in formulating effective strategies towards aligning their business with current advancements in emerging digital technologies. Such an alignment would bring numerous competitive advantages and in turn sustainable business performance.
Venture Capital as a New Approach to Developing Early-stage Firms in Emerging Countries;
Authors: Kato Ahmed Idi , Evelyn Germinah Chiloane -Tsoka
Published: September 2023

This study aims to extend our knowledge of the new approaches to entrepreneurial finance that inspire the development of early-stage firms in developing countries. The role of entrepreneurship is well understood internationally owing to its substantial influence on new employment creation, and productivity, and a seedbed for the emergence of innovative young firms. The survival and prosperity of the HGFs are unswervingly linked to access to sustained financing during their early-stage growth, nonetheless, access to funding remains the topmost worry for young firms. Yet VC financing has a competitive edge over banks burrowing, which cannot easily substitute for VC in its absence.  We developed a multi-regression model to measure the results using survey data of 61 VC companies dealing with over 327 investment rounds from 2015-2021. The study confirms that VC investment has a dramatically flourishing prominence in nurturing early-stage firms with potential growth. Our study makes three major contributions to advancing this debate: First, our finding is expected to benefit the policymakers and civil society in the practice of creating new VC policies or altering existing ones to attract increased foreign VC investment in active countries and beyond. The government’s increased funding to the VC companies might lead to higher survival rates for new innovative industries as observed in the developed. Moreover, we discover that this research arena is recognized by a paucity of theoretical and empirical research underpinning VC’s proficiency in nurturing high-growth firms and innovative entrepreneurship.
Perception of social entrepreneurship competence in university business students
Authors: Ramos-Cavero Maria Jeanett , Cordova-Buiza Franklin , Caceres-Rosell Augusto , Olavarria-Benavides Heber Luis
Published: September 2023

The ability to transform social and environmental problems into strategic actions to face the challenges of a changing environment in a creative and innovative way drives the need to train social entrepreneurs who anticipate new scenarios. Society needs social entrepreneurs who create business opportunities by bringing resources to impoverished places and using technology to generate social inclusion for people with disabilities; These ventures apply innovation to improve people's standard of living. The objective of this research was to determine the level of perception of the social entrepreneurship competence in business students of a private university in Lima, capital of Peru. The methodology used was quantitative, with a transactional approach, the sample was random considering 185 business students, the data collected was analyzed using the statistical program SPSS. The results show that 94.1% have a high level of perception of competence in social entrepreneurship; in social and personal traits they present 91.4% and 96.2% respectively; however, a lower level in innovative traits with 76.2%. The investigation concluded in the determination of a high level of competence in social entrepreneurship, however, the innovative traits must be reinforced and for this the innovation component can be included in the courses, to generate viable products and services that contribute to the creation of sustainable organizations improving their value proposition, competitiveness and economic growth. Likewise, it is advisable to reinforce personal and social traits in the training of professionals to face an environment of high uncertainty. This work will contribute to other scientific research to compare the level of competence in social entrepreneurship in other national and international contexts.