bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression, Hip Pathology, and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Steiner Quinn , Watson Andrew M. , Mosiman Samuel J. , Spiker Andrea M.
Published: May 2024

Background:

In patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), mental health has been implicated in both symptom severity and postoperative outcomes. However, there are limited data regarding the independent influences of baseline mental health and hip pathology on patient-reported outcomes over time after hip arthroscopy.

Purpose:

To evaluate the association between mental health and structural hip pathology with pain, hip function, and quality of life (QOL).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patient records from a single surgeon’s hip outcomes registry were retrospectively reviewed. Mental health was evaluated using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Anxiety and Depression scores. Pain was evaluated with the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score for Activities of Daily Living (SANE-ADL), while hip-related QOL was evaluated with the 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12). Hip function was assessed with the Hip Outcome Score (HOS) Sport-Specific (SS) and ADL subscales. Separate mixed models were used to predict pain, QOL, and hip function, including hip pathology measures (size of labral tear, grade of chondral damage, preoperative alpha angle), anxiety, depression, and time as fixed effects and individuals as a random effect.

Results:

A total of 312 patients were included in this study. The preoperative alpha angle, degree of intraoperative cartilage damage, and size of the labral tear were not associated with pain or QOL ( P > .05 for all). However, higher levels of anxiety and depression were significantly associated with lower SANE-ADL scores (estimate ± SE) (anxiety: –0.59 ± 0.07, P < .0001; depression: –0.64 ± 0.08, P < .0001), iHOT-12 scores (anxiety: –0.72 ± 0.07, P < .0001; depression: –0.72 ± 0.08, P < .0001), HOS-SS scores (anxiety: –0.68 ± 0.09, P < .0001; depression: –0.57 ± 0.10, P < .0001), and HOS-ADL scores (anxiety: –0.43 ± 0.05, P < .0001; depression: –0.43 ± 0.06, P < .0001).

Conclusion:

Patients had similar improvements in pain scores, QOL, and hip function after hip arthroscopy for FAI irrespective of their degree of hip pathology. Additionally, preoperative symptoms of anxiety and depression symptoms were associated with greater pain, decreased QOL, and worse hip function both pre- and postoperatively, independent of the degree of hip pathology. This suggests that efforts to directly address symptoms of anxiety and depression may improve outcomes after hip arthroscopy.
Using proxy data and vegetation modelling to predict past, current and future distributional shifts of Butea monosperma, a marker of land degradation in India
Authors: Saraf Pooja Nitin , Srivastava Jyoti , Charles Bipin , Munoz François , Samal Pujarini , Quamar Md. Firoze
Published: May 2024

Extensive deviations in spatio-temporal social and environmental dynamics currently alter the health of ecosystems and the services they provide. Detecting the causes that contribute to the distribution of a natural forest species capable of restoring the lost ecosystem function and productivity will aid in determining better food security, livelihoods and provision of ecosystem goods and services. We modelled the spatial range of Butea monosperma (B. monosperma) under past, that is, Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Middle Holocene (MH), current and future (2070) climatic scenarios with Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) trained on present-day occurrences. We identified areas of suitable habitats for which the estimation of habitat stability is predicted in all the models at different times. To validate the inferred suitable habitat, we tested the model by the current occurrence and fossil pollen data of B. monosperma. Our distribution models agree with the fossil pollen records for the MH (4,500–7,000 yr BP) and predict the prevalence of B. monosperma covering 84.22% of the Indian subcontinent with maximum habitat stability in western and southwestern India (10.95%). The widespread potential distribution of the plant species during the LGM supports the presence of the last remnants of tropical dry deciduous forest in the region. However, a decline in habitat suitability (62.84%) is predicted under current and future climatic scenarios with maximum stability (0.90%–3.09%) along the Western Ghats, Nilgiri hills, Gir range in the western India and north-eastern region covering the Assam Valley and foothills of Tripura and Mizo hills. Temperature seasonality (33.6%) measured in terms of variable contribution in MaxEnt model significantly affects the distribution shift of B. monosperma, along with annual precipitation (22.8%) and annual mean temperature (16.2%). Model results provide evidence of habitat reduction and identify the stability hotspots for B. monosperma for its conservation and establishment of land management policies mainly for the dry tropics.
“Time is a Big Factor”: Aged-Care Workforce Perspectives on Communication Partner Training for Working With Residents With Dementia
Authors: McKenzie Charlotte , Smith-Tamaray Michelle , Conway Erin , Flanagan Kieran
Published: May 2024

Many individuals who reside in permanent residential aged care (RAC) have a diagnosis of dementia, with the majority experiencing a communication disorder. Existing literature has placed an emphasis on the need for staff to undertake communication partner training. This study aimed to investigate the preferences of RAC staff, and their perceived barriers and facilitators to workplace training. Through an exploratory cross-sectional online survey, a sample of RAC workers in Australia were recruited ( n = 104). Descriptive statistics revealed that the majority of participants preferred training to be delivered face to face and being paid for participation. Through content analysis of open-ended questions, seven categories were identified regarding perceived barriers and facilitators for communication partner training in the workplace. These included staff shortages, time pressures, remuneration and training delivery method, and quality of the educators. Additionally, management attitudes were pertinent. These findings may inform the development and outcomes of future communication partner training in RAC.
Redefining Neighborhood Boundaries Using Activity Spaces: Bringing Together Soft Spaces and Spatial Analysis to Further the Discussion on Planning in Functional Spaces
Authors: Hasanzadeh Kamyar , Purkarthofer Eva , Kajosaari Anna , Kyttä Marketta
Published: May 2024

Neighborhoods are typically conceptualised as static administrative units with clearly defined boundaries. However, residents’ everyday mobility forms activity spaces which are variable in both extent and fabric. This study introduces a novel aggregate model of individualized activity spaces based on Public Participation geographic information system (PPGIS) data collected in Espoo (Finland) to capture the variable and fuzzy character of the spaces people frequent in their everyday lives. Building on the theoretical concept of soft spaces, we propose a GIS-based method for identifying functional neighborhoods which could be useful in planning practice with a view to knowledge, actor involvement, and planning policies.
Spillover Effect of Urban Reconstruction from Announcement to Completion on Residential Prices: Application of Two-Stage Spatial Quantile Regression
Authors: Lee Chun-Chang , Lin Zhi-Yi , Liang Chih-Min , Yu Zheng
Published: May 2024

This study analyzed four urban reconstruction projects in Taipei City (Zhufeng Tianmu, Huaku Sky Garden, Leqin Sanxi, and Yongde Yanyan) that were completed in 2016 based on data released by the Urban Regeneration R&D Foundation. The housing transaction data spanned from January 2008 to December 2017. The difference-in-difference method was used in conjunction with quantile regression to analyze the spillover effects of urban reconstruction projects on neighboring areas during the various phases of these projects. The empirical results showed that, during the planning and announcement phase, the effect on housing prices was negative and statistically significant for mid-to-low-priced units but positive and statistically significant for high-priced units. During the construction and post-completion phases, the effect was negative and statistically significant for low-priced, mid-to-low-priced, and mid-priced units, with low-priced units being the most affected group.
Emerging Trends in Intimate Partner Rape and Marital/Spousal Rape During the Biennium 2020 and 2021, Including the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece
Authors: Karakasi Maria-Valeria , Nikolaidis Ioannis , Fotou Eleni , Sapounas Anestis , Patounas Apostolos , Sakka Sofia , Ntentopoulos Charalampos , Pavlidis Pavlos , Voultsos Polychronis
Published: May 2024

Intimate partner or marital/spousal rape is a phenomenon with unique characteristics and dynamics. Furthermore, it is an under-explored, under-defined, under-reported, and widely tolerated phenomenon. Gender-based violence and intimate partner violence are the main topics of the present study. The study aimed at exploring the trends in reported intimate partner and marital/spousal rape, within the wider context of reported domestic violence during the years 2020 and 2021 in Greece. Statistical analysis has not indicated positive correlation between the rate of reported domestic violence per year and the rate of reported domestic rape per year, with the former following an upward trend and the latter maintaining an almost steady course. Similarly, the rate of reported victims of intimate partner rape per year remained almost stable within in the 2 years. Importantly however, in 2021, the rate of reported victims of marital rape per year increased remarkably compared to 2020. In 2021, the rates of reported domestic violence per month and reported domestic rape per month indicated remarkable increase over the period May to December 2021. Notwithstanding, the rates mentioned above remained almost stable over the year 2020, showing an upward trend during the summer months. In August 2020 and 2021 the abovementioned rates reached their peak. In both years, the vast majority of victims of domestic rape were females, mostly between 30 and 45 years of age. The present study indicated an increase in rates of reported domestic violence and reported domestic rape per month after the lockdowns, especially after the second long-lasting lockdown that ended in May 2021. This increase, however, might be only apparent. Further research is needed to study the epidemiology of intimate partner and marital rape over a much longer timespan to provide further insight into the dynamics surrounding a public health concern.
The Relationship Between Family Functioning and Defending Behaviors Among Junior High School Students: The Mediating Effect of Empathy and Moderating Effect of Gender
Authors: Tang Kai , Li Weijian , Zhang Wenjuan , Fang Yuanyuan , Jiang Kaiyan
Published: May 2024

Bystanders play a role in school bullying; more specifically, the defending behaviors of bystanders play an important role in stopping bullying. This study explores the relationship between defending behaviors and family functioning in the context of school bullying from a family perspective. The role played by individual characteristics (empathy and gender) in this relationship was also focused on. The participants were 994 adolescents (average age = 13.34 ± 0.92 years) from the east of China. They completed the McMaster Family Assessment Device, the Basic Empathy Scale, and the Defending Behaviors subscale of the Participant Role Questionnaire. After controlling for residence and age, we found that family functioning significantly and positively influenced defending behaviors, and cognitive empathy rather than affective empathy mediated the relationship between family functioning and defending behaviors. In addition, family functioning influenced defending behaviors in boys more strongly than in girls. This study may increase the likelihood that bystanders will engage in defending behaviors by informing interventions for school bullying.
The Relationship Between Intimate Partner Violence, Depression, Alcohol Abuse in Black and Hispanic Women
Authors: Villalba Karina , Latorre-Garcia Willmarie , Attonito Jennifer
Published: May 2024

The relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV), depression, and risky alcohol use is complex and multi-dimensional. Depression has been documented as a common consequence of experiencing IPV, where depressed individuals might turn to substances like alcohol as a coping mechanism. Thus, assessing the indirect effect of depression in the relationship between IPV and alcohol abuse in African American and Hispanic women is warranted. Cross-sectional data was collected from 152 African American and Hispanic women living in Miami, Florida. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and Hayes’ direct and indirect mediation analyses were conducted. A total of 77% reported IPV. The mean age was 42.84 ( SD = 10.69). About 57% of participants identified as African American, and 62% identified as Hispanic/Latino. On average, participant depression scores (8.6, SD = 5.7) showed mild-to-moderate severity, and the average alcohol abuse score was 15.5 (±8.9), suggesting risky alcohol use. IPV was directly associated with alcohol abuse (β = .50, 95% CI [.18, .82]; [ R2 = .059, F(1, 150) = 9.37, p  < .001), and with depression (β = .48, 95% CI [.27, .69]; [ R2 = .119, F(1, 150) = 20.43, p < .001). Depression modified the effect of IPV on alcohol abuse by about 19% (β = .56, 95% CI [.33, .80]; [ R2 = .185, F(2, 149) = 16.87, p < .0026). Results of this study suggest that depression is an important component to be considered when addressing alcohol abuse among women with experiences of IPV. This study highlights the importance of assessing women who report IPV for depressive symptoms when treating alcohol use disorders.
We Don’t Haze: Testing the Effectiveness of a Video-Based Hazing Prevention Training for College Students
Authors: Kerschner David J. , Allan Elizabeth J.
Published: May 2024

This research reports findings from a study to explore the efficacy of a video-based training with college students to determine the extent to which the training shifted student perceptions of hazing, increased willingness and ability to intervene in situations where hazing is occurring, and altered student perceptions of hazing social norms. The study included two experimental groups and a control group at each of the three data-gathering sessions at three U.S. universities. Each of the universities belonged to the Hazing Prevention Consortium and had demonstrated a willingness to prevent hazing on their campuses. The 17-minute hazing prevention documentary We Don’t Haze, developed using a bystander intervention framework, was administered in two experimental conditions: video-only and video plus facilitated discussion. Participants ( n = 318) were members of a leadership development program, resident advisors, and club sport athletes and were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups or the control group. Students who viewed the video-based training and students who viewed the video and engaged in a follow-up facilitated discussion significantly shifted their perceptions of hazing and indicated an increased willingness and ability to intervene and help others who are experiencing or have experienced hazing, compared to students who viewed a general leadership video. The results of this study indicate that the tested hazing prevention trainings—both the stand-alone video, We Don’t Haze, and the video plus discussion—hold promise for strengthening knowledge of the full range of harm associated with hazing, while amplifying perceptions that support hazing prevention and diminishing perceptions that contribute to normalizing hazing.
Pay for Results, the Person, or the Job?
Authors: Greene Robert J.
Published: May 2024

Organizations must decide the basis upon which they compensate workers. Rewards may be based on results, the capabilities the person brings to the organization, or the job held. The nature of the work performed and what is required to motivate the person to perform the work still have an impact on how rewards are determined. Sales personnel are most often rewarded for making sales, professional/technical personnel are rewarded based on their knowledge and trades, and production personnel are most often compensated for possessing specific, work-related skills. Although all employees may be assigned roles/jobs, what they are paid for will be a function of the nature of the work and of the contribution its completion makes to the organization’s performance. Rewards management strategies should fit the work and the organizational context.
Nursing management of catheter-related non-infectious complications of PD: Your questions answered
Authors: Figueiredo Ana E , Hurst Helen , Neumann Joanna Lee , Chow Josephine Sau Fan , Walker Rachael , Woodhouse Jayne , Punzalan Sally , Tomlins Melinda , Cave Katie , Brunier Gillian
Published: May 2024

A review from the last seven years (August 2016–July 2023) of questions posted to the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) website “Questions about PD” by nurses and physicians from around the world revealed that 19 of the questions were associated with optimal approaches for preventing, assessing, and managing issues related to PD catheter non-infectious complications. Our review focused on responses to these questions whereby existing best practice recommendations were considered, if available, relevant literature was cited and differences in international practices discussed. We combined similar questions, revised both the original questions and responses for clarity, as well as updated the references to these questions. PD catheter non-infectious complications can often be prevented or, with early detection, the potential severity of the complication can be minimized. We suggest that the PD nurse is key to educating the patient on PD about PD catheter non-infectious complications, promptly recognize a specific complication and bring that complication to the attention of the Home Dialysis Team. The questions posted to the ISPD website highlight the need for more education and resources for PD nurses worldwide on the important topic of non-infectious complications related to PD catheters, thereby enabling us to prevent such complications as PD catheter malfunction, peri-catheter leakage and infusion or drain pain, as well as recognize and resolve these issues promptly when they do arise, thus allowing patients to extend their time on PD therapy and enhance their quality of life whilst on PD.
Effect of SS-316L and nickel-based interface powders on joint characteristics of microwave welded SS-316L plates
Authors: Reddy Kadapa Vijaya Bhaskar , Venkatesh Gudipadu , Mishra Radha Raman
Published: May 2024

Microwave energy has been exploited as a rapid and volumetric heating source in various manufacturing applications, such as microwave joining. This study used stainless steel (SS-316L) plates to be microwave-joined at 2.45 GHz. The microwave hybrid heating (MHH) technique was used to prepare joints inside a microwave applicator using nickel-based (EWAC 1004EN) and SS-316L interfacing powders at 900 W. Microstructural and mechanical characterizations of the developed joints were performed to understand the effect of the interface powder on weld quality. Microstructural observations revealed adequate metallurgical bonding between interfacing powders and bulk metal with columnar and dendritic grains (EWAC-based joint) and equiaxed grains (SS-316L-based joint). The phase analysis revealed the presence of intermetallic phases such as iron-nickel, chromium carbide, and chromium iron carbide in EWAC-based joint and iron-nickel, nickel-chromium, and chromium carbide in SS-316L-based joint, which contribute to enhanced joint microhardness compared to base alloys. A larger grain size, more low-angle boundaries, and higher misorientation angles were found in the EWAC-based joint. Furthermore, the average ultimate tensile strength of SS-316L-based joints was 26% higher, with a 6.9% enhanced elongation, than that of EWAC-based joints. The EWAC-based joint exhibited better corrosion resistance than that of SS-316L-based joint.
Automated deployment mechanism of containerized communication micro-services for smart manufacturing applications
Authors: Chuang Hsiang-Yu , Chen Shang-Liang
Published: May 2024

To swiftly and reliably monitor various information and the operational status of machinery across large smart manufacturing sites, this study introduces the use of LPWAN multi-mode network communication technology. This technology can automatically switch between LoRa and NB-IoT modes based on signal strength to ensure communication stability. Through wireless communication technologies such as LoRa and NB-IoT, the status information of machinery can be transmitted back to the cloud in real-time, facilitating user management. However, LPWAN multi-mode network communication modules often adopt a monolithic architecture, making maintenance and upgrades more difficult. When an application within the module needs upgrading, not only must the consistency between the development environment and the execution environment be ensured, but also a significant amount of time and resources must be spent on on-site deployment. With the development of cloud computing and virtualization technologies, containerized microservices architecture, which focuses on replacing functional modules with services, is set to become the mainstream for future industrial applications. Therefore, this study proposes a remote communication architecture based on container and microservices technologies. Utilizing the concept of microservices, this architecture divides LPWAN multi-mode network communication modules based on different functionalities and offers them to users in a more flexible service manner through containerization technology. This study also designs a mechanism to automate the entire service construction process, followed by the implementation of communication services’ automatic deployment through container management tools. Compared to manual deployment, this significantly reduces the waste of time and human resources. Finally, this study uses a large mobile pumping unit as a practical application case to verify the feasibility of the proposed architecture. In the context of flood prevention and disaster relief, large mobile pumping units are widely used to solve flooding issues. These pumps are often deployed in dangerous areas with poor signal reception, thereby also validating the value of the proposed architecture.
An identification method of compound faults of rolling bearings blending variational mode decomposition and vector bispectrum
Authors: Yu Mingyue , Wang Xin , Ge Xiangdong , Gao Yunhong
Published: May 2024

To solve the difficulty in correctly identifying a compound fault of rolling bearing, a method combining variational mode decomposition (VMD) and harmonic fusion vector bispectrum (HFVB) is proposed. Firstly, to achieve adaptive decomposition of signals, the characteristic ability of envelope entropy to represent signal sparsity is utilized. By employing the minimum envelope entropy as the fitness function for the sparrow search algorithm (SSA), the decomposition levels and penalty factors of VMD are adaptively determined. Secondly, root-mean-square value is treated as fault feature index to self-adaptively choose from intrinsic mode function (IMF) which can embody fault features of bearings. Thirdly, to further highlight fault features, HFVB is used to blend chosen IMFs. Finally, faults of bearings were recognized with spectrum of signals. To verify the effectiveness of proposed method, an analysis was given to vibration signals in different situations, and SSA-VMD-HFVB was compared with classical method. The results demonstrate that the proposed SSA-VMD-HFVB method facilitates the adaptive decomposition of VMD, enabling the selection and effective integration of sensitive fault component signals. This approach enhances the accuracy of complex fault diagnosing in rolling bearings.
Free vibration analysis of a sandwich conical shell with a magnetorheological elastomer core, enriched with carbone nanotubes and functionally graded porous face layers
Authors: Alinejad Meysam , Jafari Mehradadi Saeed , Najafizadeh Mohammad Mahdi
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the free vibration behaviors of a sandwich conical shell with a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) core enriched with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and two functionally graded (FG) porous face layers are investigated. The mathematical modeling of the shell is performed via the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) incorporating the continuity conditions between the face layers and the core. The porosity parameters are adjusted to provide the same mass for all porosity dispersion patterns. The governing equations and boundary conditions are derived via Hamilton’s principle and are solved through a semi-analytical solution to attain the natural frequencies and the loss factors for various boundary conditions. First, appropriate triangular functions are utilized to provide an exact solution in the circumferential direction. Then, a numerical solution is presented in the meridional direction utilizing the differential quadrature method (DQM). The influences of various factors on the natural frequencies and loss factors are investigated including intensity of the applied magnetic field, mass fraction of the CNTs subjoined to the core, thickness of the CNT-reinforced MRE core, thickness of the FG porous face layers, porosity parameter and dispersion pattern of the pores in the FG porous face layers, and the boundary conditions. Numerical results show that although subjoining CNTs to the MRE core and applying magnetic field have weak effects on the natural frequencies of the shell, increases in the mass fraction of the CNTs and intensity of the applied magnetic field result in remarkable increases in the loss factors, and provide stronger vibration suppression.
Improving part-load performance of combined-cycle gas turbines by optimizing variable geometry control strategy for compressor and power turbine combined adjustment
Authors: Xie Qi-an , Wu Hu , Deng Li-ping
Published: May 2024

The variable geometry methods currently used in combined-cycle gas turbines are compressor variable inlet guide vanes (VIGV) or power turbine variable area nozzles (VAN). On this basis, this study presents the optimal variable geometry control strategy for compressor and power turbine combined adjustment ([Formula: see text]) using the Differential Evolutionary Algorithm with the LM2500+ gas turbine. The aim is to further improve the part-load performance of the combined-cycle gas turbine. Firstly, a part-load performance prediction model for variable geometry gas turbines is established based on the component method. Subsequently, a variable geometry gas turbine part-load performance optimization model is developed by combining the Differential Evolution Algorithm. Finally, the optimum combination of stagger angles for the compressor inlet vane and power turbine nozzle is calculated at each part-load condition. Compared to the VIGV and VAN control strategies, the [Formula: see text] control strategy proposed in this paper shows a higher stability margin and better economy. The [Formula: see text] control strategy maintains a constant exhaust temperature within a part load range from 20% to 100% with the stability margin exceeding 14%. In comparison with the VAN control strategy, the fuel flow rate decreases by 1.152% at 45% relative load power and by 3.435% at 20.0% relative load power with the [Formula: see text] control strategy.
Mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A meta-analysis of overall and cause-specific effects
Authors: Lee Young Ho , Song Gwan Gyu
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Our objective was to assess the overall and cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) among patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

An exhaustive systematic review was undertaken, encompassing studies that scrutinized SMRs, both overall and for specific causes, in patients diagnosed with SLE compared to the general populace. The databases of PUBMED, EMBASE, and Cochrane were meticulously searched to collate relevant literature. Following this comprehensive search, a meta-analysis was executed to methodically assess all-cause, sex-specific, ethnicity-specific, and cause-specific SMRs in individuals with SLE.

Results

The inclusion criteria were met by 29 studies encompassing 72,342 patients with SLE and documenting 7352 deaths. The meta-analysis disclosed a pronounced 2.87-fold elevation in the SMR for all-cause mortality in SLE patients relative to the general population (SMR, 2.866; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.490–3.242; p < .001). Region-specific assessments showed variable all-cause SMRs, with Europe reporting 2.607 (95% CI, 1.939–3.275; p < .001), Asia revealing 3.043 (95% CI, 2.082–4.004; p < .001), and particularly high SMRs noted in North America and Oceania. Gender-focused analyses presented a pooled SMR of 3.261 (95% CI, 2.674–3.848; p < .001) for females, and 2.747 (95% CI, 2.190–3.304; p < .001) for males. Evaluations specific to cause of death illustrated notably elevated SMRs for renal disease (SMR, 4.486; 95% CI, 3.024–5.948; p < .001), infections (SMR, 4.946; 95% CI, 4.253–5.639; p < .001), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (SMR, 2.931; 95% CI, 1.802–4.061; p < .001), cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) (SMR, 1.588; 95% CI, 0.647–2.528; p = .001), and cancer (SMR, 1.698; 95% CI, 0.871–2.525; p < .001).

Conclusions

This meta-analysis underscores a significant 2.87-fold elevation in the SMR among patients with SLE compared to the general population, transcending differences in sex or geographical regions. Moreover, an appreciable increase in mortality due to specific causes, including renal disease, infection, CVD, CVA, malignancy, and neuropsychiatric SLE, accentuates the imperative for targeted interventions to mitigate these elevated risks in SLE patients.
A Novel Approach to Orthotopic Hepatocyte Transplantation Engineered With Liver Hydrogel for Fibrotic Livers, Enhancing Cell–Cell Interaction and Angiogenesis
Authors: Udagawa Daisuke , Nagata Shogo , Yagi Hiroshi , Nishi Kotaro , Morisaku Toshinori , Adachi Shungo , Nakano Yutaka , Tanaka Masayuki , Hori Shutaro , Hasegawa Yasushi , Abe Yuta , Kitago Minoru , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: May 2024

Hepatocyte transplantation (HCT) is a potential bridging therapy or an alternative to liver transplantation. Conventionally, single-cell hepatocytes are injected via the portal vein. This strategy, however, has yet to overcome poor cell engraftment and function. Therefore, we developed an orthotopic HCT method using a liver-derived extracellular matrix (L-ECM) gel. PXB cells (flesh mature human hepatocytes) were dispersed into the hydrogel solution in vitro, and the gel solution was immediately gelated in 37°C incubators to investigate the affinity between mature human hepatocyte and the L-ECM gel. During the 3-day cultivation in hepatocyte medium, PXB cells formed cell aggregates via cell–cell interactions. Quantitative analysis revealed human albumin production in culture supernatants. For the in vivo assay, PXB cells were encapsulated in the L-ECM gel and transplanted between the liver lobes of normal rats. Pathologically, the L-ECM gel was localized at the transplant site and retained PXB cells. Cell survival and hepatic function marker expression were verified in another rat model wherein thioacetamide was administered to induce liver fibrosis. Moreover, cell–cell interactions and angiogenesis were enhanced in the L-ECM gel compared with that in the collagen gel. Our results indicate that L-ECM gels can help engraft transplanted hepatocytes and express hepatic function as a scaffold for cell transplantation.
Physician-nurse collaboration in the relationship between professional autonomy and practice behaviors
Authors: Bulut Arzu , Sengül Halil , Mumcu Çeçenya İrem , Mumcu Berkan
Published: May 2024

Background

Nurses and physicians are key members of healthcare teams. While physicians are responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of patients, nurses are part of the treatment and the primary practitioners of patient care. Nurses’ professional autonomy, collaboration with physicians, and practice behaviors in treatment and patient care practices are interrelated.

Objectives

In the present study, we examined the mediating effect of physician–nurse collaboration on the relationship between nurses’ practice behaviors and their professional autonomy.

Design

The present study utilized a cross-sectional survey design following quantitative methods.

Methods

This study was conducted in the Istanbul Province of Turkiye from September to October 2022. The sampling method used was a convenience sampling strategy to provide easier access to participants when selecting nurses from different health institutions. The mean age of the 295 nurses was 31.23 years, with ages ranging from 21 to 59 years. The data analysis was conducted using IBM’s SPSS 24.0 software package and the Process Macro 4.0 plug-in.

Ethical consideration

Research ethics approval was obtained from the researcher’s university.

Results

Physician–nurse collaboration is positively associated with practice behaviors and professional autonomy. Nurses’ professional autonomy in practice behaviors through physician–nurse collaboration is significant (95% CI [0.043, 0.135]).

Discussion

Our results revealed the relationships among physician‒nurse collaboration, professional autonomy, and practice behaviors among nurses.

Conclusion

Our results provide evidence on the underlying factors of nurses’ practice behaviors in patient care and guide the development of an intervention program to enhance this collaboration. Hospital managers can contribute to a collaborative physician‒nurse working environment.
Dietary Knowledge and Preference Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Couples
Authors: Kong Dexia , Lan Yaxin , Lu Peiyi , Jin Lei
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the interdependence of dietary knowledge and preference and potential rural-urban differences among middle-aged and older Chinese couples. Couple-level data from the 2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey were included (N = 2933). Structural Equation Model examined the actor and partner effects of dietary knowledge on dietary preferences. Findings indicated that greater dietary knowledge was associated with one’s healthier diet preferences among both rural and urban residents ( P < .01). In rural areas, ones’ dietary knowledge was associated with their partners’ dietary preferences ( P < .01). However, in urban areas, husbands’ dietary knowledge was not associated with their wives’ dietary preferences ( P = .58), whereas wives’ dietary knowledge was associated with their husbands’ dietary preferences ( P < .05). The rural-urban difference indicates the greater decision-making power of men in rural households. A couple-based approach is suggested for dietary interventions and guidelines promoting healthy eating in China, particularly in rural regions.
Biomechanical study of 3D-printed titanium alloy pad for repairing glenoid bone defect
Authors: Huang Danlei , Wang Jun , Ye Zhiyang , Chen Feixiong , Liu Haoyuan , Huang Jianming
Published: May 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 3D-printed technology to repair glenoid bone defect on shoulder joint stability. Methods: The shoulder joints of 25 male cadavers were tested. The 3D-printed glenoid pad was designed and fabricated. The specimens were divided into 5 groups. Group A: no bone defect and the structure of the glenoid labrum and joint capsule was intact; Group B: Anterior inferior bone defect of the shoulder glenoid; Group C: a pad with a width of 2 mm was installed; Group D: a pad with a width of 4 mm was installed; Group E: a pad with a width of 6 mm was installed. This study measured the distance the humeral head moved forward at the time of glenohumeral dislocation and the maximum load required to dislocate the shoulder. Results: The shoulder joint stability and humerus displacement was significantly lower in groups B and C compared with group A ( p < .05). Compared with group A, the stability of the shoulder joint of group D was significantly improved ( p < .05). However, there was no significant difference in humerus displacement between groups D and A ( p > .05). In addition, compared with group A, shoulder joint stability was significantly increased and humerus displacement was significantly decreased in group E ( p < .05). Conclusion: The 3D-printed technology can be used to make the shoulder glenoid pad to perfectly restore the geometric shape of the shoulder glenoid articular surface. Moreover, the 3D-printed pad is 2 mm larger than the normal glenoid width to restore the initial stability of the shoulder joint.
Fruit for thought
Authors: Hussain Shehnaz
Published: May 2024

Objective

This commentary discusses the New Zealand Labour Party’s announcement to remove tax on fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables. It aims to explore its potential impact on the psychological well-being of New Zealanders in the context of the growing global burden of mental illnesses in the current food environment.

Conclusions

The proposed tax exemption on fruits and vegetables demonstrates the government’s commitment to improving the food environment. While the precise mental health effects of this potential tax change remain unstudied, existing evidence suggests a positive impact on New Zealanders’ well-being, marking a pivotal step in addressing broader health issues and fostering a healthier, more equitable food landscape.
Nutritional Beliefs and Practices of Arabic-Speaking Middle Eastern Mothers Living in the United States
Authors: Al-Bkerat Maisaa , Martins Diane C. , Schwartz-Barcott Donna
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Culture and acculturation influence nutritional beliefs. Little is known about the Arabic population in the United States. In this study, Arabic-speaking Middle Eastern mothers’ perceptions of motherhood and childhood nutritional beliefs and practices are explored.

Method:

Semi-structured interviews with 12 mothers from Arabic-speaking Middle Eastern countries.

Results:

Food and family are central to everyday life. Mothers worked hard to maintain traditional nutritional practices with their school-age children.

Discussion:

Findings can enhance school nurses’ ability to collaborate with mothers in nutritional education and address any issues in the classroom.
A particle-level discrete element model for simulating the performance of MRFs
Authors: Keshun Qi , Meng Nie , Jinhuan Xu , Meixuan Wang
Published: May 2024

The particle dynamics model of MRFs (MRFs) is based on the discrete element technique, which takes into account essential MRF variables such as magnetic field, particle parameters, particle volume fraction, carrier fluid properties, and other parameters. Firstly, to digitally characterize the microstructure of MRFs, the particle coordination number, as a new perspective is creatively proposed. The validity and predictability of the created model are then tested in conjunction with the rheological performance studies by comparing it to the known continuous medium model. Finally, based on the proposed model, the influence of each influencing factor on the magnetorheological effect is simulated and regularity analysis is given from the perspective of particles. Linking macroscopic qualities and MRF microstructure, which offers a theoretical basis for the preparation of MRFs with improved performance and prediction of performance under various working situations.
Striving for Improved Infection Prevention and Control Practice: A Grounded Theory of Healthcare Workers’ Struggles in Implementing Infection Prevention and Control Guidance in Uganda
Authors: Kalule Andrew O. , Currie Kay , Price Lesley
Published: May 2024

There is a scarcity of qualitative research focusing on the implementation of infection prevention and control (IPC) guidance in low-income countries. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring the perspectives of healthcare workers (HCWs) regarding the implementation of IPC guidance at the healthcare facility level in Uganda. The study also sought to generate a theoretical understanding of the processes involved in implementing IPC guidance in these settings. This robust qualitative research employed a design based on constructivist grounded theory methodology, conducting individual interviews with 13 frontline health workers such as doctors, nurses, nurse interns, and laboratory staff. The key findings of the study revealed that HCWs undergo a process of ‘striving for improved practice’ in their efforts to implement IPC guidance. This process involved four phases: recognising the importance of IPC, playing a role, encountering challenges, and overcoming challenges. However, achieving full implementation proved difficult due to various individual and organisational barriers presented by the low-income setting. HCWs employed improvisation as a means to overcome these obstacles. Additionally, the study identified enabling factors that facilitated the implementation of IPC guidance within these settings. This study is significant as it applies robust qualitative research methods to provide valuable evidence of HCWs’ perspectives on an important topic in an under-researched context, with findings transferable to similar settings.
Poverty and Disability: A State-Level Geospatial Analysis
Authors: Lawrence Patricia R. , Anderson Raeda K.
Published: May 2024

Individuals with disabilities are a growing yet understudied population. Nurses are in a prime position to address social determinants of health (SDOH), which is defined as the conditions in which people work, live, and learn that affect health. SDOH are largely responsible for the health inequities seen among individuals with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between state-level poverty rates and state-level social determinants, such as housing, education, employment, health, and health care for adults with disabilities using geospatial, state-level data. This secondary data analysis used national data from the 2021 American Community Survey. Data on state poverty rates and rates of particular social determinants were used to examine differences between high- and low-poverty states for adults with disabilities. Rates, rather than numbers of adults with disabilities in poverty, were used to control for state size. The median poverty rate (27.8%) for adults with disabilities was used to create a dichotomous variable for low-poverty ( n = 26) and high-poverty ( n = 25) states. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare geospatial and SDOH data to understand differences between high- and low-poverty states. More adults with disabilities, regardless of race, live in high-poverty states, particularly those with ambulatory and cognitive disabilities. Adults with disabilities residing in low-poverty states have higher employment rates and more private insurance coverage. More adults with disabilities in high-poverty states smoke, live in mobile homes, and are less educated. Using an SDOH lens in caring for individuals with disabilities helps nurses better understand how economic stability, education, health, health care access, the built environment, and the community, rather than individual factors, impact the health of adults with disabilities. To improve the health of disabled persons, nurses must have a greater awareness of the influence that social determinants have on health for individuals with disabilities. Nurse training programs must build disability cultural competence into nursing curricula. Universal screening for SDOH, particularly for individuals with disabilities residing in high-poverty states, is pivotal for the best chance of improving the health and well-being of individuals with disabilities.
Body Mass Index and Thoracic Expansion in Post-COVID Dyspnea: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Morgan Sandra P. , Thomas Bini , Morris Zoe , Klein Aimee B. , Haladay Douglas , Visovsky Constance
Published: May 2024

Dyspnea secondary to lung impairment can persist following the acute phase of COVID-19. Thoracic expansion measurements have been used as a diagnostic tool to evaluate chest wall mobility, respiratory function, and the effects of respiratory muscle strength training. Changes in chest wall mobility may occur because of altered chest biomechanics in individuals with respiratory diseases and an elevated body mass index (BMI). The purpose of this secondary analysis was to evaluate whether BMI influences thoracic expansion or forced expiratory volume over 1 second (FEV1) in individuals with persistent dyspnea following COVID-19. This study assessed the relationship between BMI and thoracic expansion, pulmonary symptoms, and exercise capacity following a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation intervention. A secondary data analysis was conducted with a sample of 19 adults with persistent dyspnea following COVID-19 infection who participated in a 12-week, home-based pulmonary rehabilitation study. Participants received expiratory muscle strength training devices and were instructed to perform pulmonary rehabilitation exercises three times per week over the study period. Pulmonary function, pulmonary symptoms, exercise capacity, and BMI measurements were collected. For analysis, study participants were divided into obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) or nonobese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) categories. Correlations using the change scores from baseline to 12 weeks between thoracic expansion, FEV1, pulmonary symptoms, and exercise capacity were assessed. In addition, the minimal detectable change (MDC) in thoracic expansion was explored. Thoracic expansion was significantly improved after 12 weeks of training ( p = .012) in the nonobese group. There was a significant correlation between the change in walking distance and pulmonary symptoms ( r = −.738, p < .001) and in thoracic expansion ( r = .544, p = .020), and walking distance, when controlling for BMI, but no change in FEV1. Average MDC was 1.28 for inspiration and 0.91 for expiration. Measurements of thoracic expansion were significantly lower in post-COVID individuals with an increased BMI. Individuals with persistent dyspnea and a higher BMI may require additional measures to increase chest mobility or to detect pulmonary changes following COVID-19.