bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elektronenstrahl-Auftragen von Verschleißschutzschichten auf korrosionsbeständige Stähle*
Authors: Jung A. , Sohr T. , Zenker R. , Lerche J. , Lerche K.
Published: June 2015

Kurzfassung

Korrosionsbeständige Stähle weisen eine stark eingeschränkte Verschleißbeständigkeit auf. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt eine Möglichkeit vor, durch Elektronenstrahl(EB)-Auftragen von Fe- bzw. Co-Basisschichten insbesondere das abrasive Verschleißverhalten der Stähle X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 (austenitisch) sowie X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 (austentisch-ferritisch) zu verbessern. Die Korrosionsbeständigkeit bleibt dabei erhalten. Es wird gezeigt, wie sich die chemische Zusammensetzung und das Gefüge der Randzone in einer zweiten Auftragslage im Vergleich zur ersten Auftragslage verändern und welche Auswirkungen das auf relevante Eigenschaften hat. Durch eine optimierte EB-Auftragstechnologie wurde die Härte um das 1,5- bis 2-fache erhöht und der Verschleißkoeffizient (k) mit Fe-Basisdraht um den Faktor 100 und mit Co-Basisdraht um den Faktor 10 gegenüber den Grundwerkstoffen verbessert. Mittels Stromdichte-Potenzial-Messung wurde nachgewiesen, dass sich die Korrosionsbeständigkeit der Fe-Basisschichten im Vergleich zu den Grundwerkstoffen nicht ändert. Die Co-Basisschichten weisen sogar eine um den Faktor 3 geringere Passivstromdichte auf.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT EDIBLE OILS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, DIFFERENT ORGAN WEIGHT AND SERUM TRANSAMINASES IN RATS
Authors: Saha SK , Ahmad N , Majumder S , Hosain MZ , Miah MA
Published: June 2015

The effects of different edible oils on body weight gain, different organ weight and serum transaminases were studied on 25, one month old long Evans male rats during the period from 3 April to 28 May 2003. The rats were randomly assigned to one of five equal groups (n = 5) as A, B, C, D and E of which group A was considered as control and fed with rat pellets (ICDDR, B) and others were supplemented with oils as soybean (group B), palm (group C, coconut (group D) and mustard (group E) at a concentration of 7.5% with pellets for 8 weeks. The results revealed significant (p < 0.001) increase in weight gain of the non supplemented rats (control). The mean heart weight of the nonsupplemented rats (control) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of the treated groups. The mean liver weight of nonsupplemented, coconut and mustard oils treated rats were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of soybean and palm oil treated groups. The mean kidney weight of the mustard oil treated rats was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of other treated and control groups. No significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the groups in respect to SGOT and SGPT activities.
HISTOLOGY OF ESOPHAGUS OF BLACK BENGAL GOAT
Authors: Islam MS , Quasem MA , Awal MA , Das SK
Published: June 2015

Detail histological features of esophagus of 12 Black Bengal goats were studied in the Department of Anatomy and Histology, BAU, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh during the period from July to December 2003. All specimens were collected from adult Black Bengal goats (over 6 months of age) irrespective of age and sex. The esophagus of Black Bengal goat was sampled at six areas- cranial cervical, middle cervical, caudal cervical, at the level of thoracic inlet, at the middle mediastinum and at the level of cardia. The histological layers of esophagus were-tunica mucosa (lamina epithelia, lamina propria and lamina muscularis mucosa), tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica scrosa/adventitia.
Møte med yrkesfagleg utdanning i den norske vidaregåande skulen
Authors: Sandal Ann Karin , Smith Kari
Published: June 2015

Artikkelen byggjer på ein kvalitativ studie av seks elevar sitt møte med vidaregåande skule, yrkesfaglege utdanningsprogram. Studien undersøkjer elevane sine perspektiv og refleksjonar kring overgangen mellom skuleslaga og vegen vidare i vidaregåande skule og ut i eit yrke. Overgangen til vidaregåande skule medfører kognitive og sosiale endringar for elevane, endringar som òg verkar inn på identitetsdanninga. Studien undersøkjer elevane sine opplevingar av desse endringsprosessane og kva konsekvensar det kan ha for vidare utvikling og læring.
Finnes det en faglig felleskomponent for TIP yrkene?
Authors: Schønfeldt Espen , Småland Goth Ursula , Landmark Brynjar
Published: June 2015

Yrkesfaglig opplæring til et bestemt yrke gir en yrkeskompetanse med eller uten fag- eller svennebrev. Opplæringen foregår både i den videregående skolen og i bedrifter. Første år på programfaget Teknikk og industriell produksjon (TIP) på videregående skole i Norge kan lede til 65 ulike fag innen teknisk industri, skips- og bilindustri (82 med kryssløp). Det antas at det er sprikende kompetansekrav mellom disse yrkene og at det derfor er vanskelig å finne faglige fellesnevnere mellom mange av fagene. I så fall er det utfordrende å ha en felles undervisning som oppleves som relevant for alle fagene. Målet med undersøkelsen å vise hvilke faglige felleskomponenter det er i den kompetansen/kunnskap og ferdigheter som arbeidsmarkedet etterspør. I denne artikkelen prøver forfatterne å belyse i hvilken grad det finnes faglige fellesnevnere mellom de ulike TIP-fagene slik at det en underviser i ett fag også har faglig relevans for andre fag. Fagpersoner i industri i Norge med ansvar for lærlinger i sine respektive fagområde ble kontaktet og spurt om hvilke emner, kunnskaper og ferdigheter som er viktig for dette yrket i deres bedrift. Med dette har forfatterne laget en relevansundersøkelse over hvilke emner som etterspørres i og på tvers av de ulike yrkene. Dette belyser i hvilken grad det er store eller små faglige fellestrekk mellom de ulike fagene. Det kom inn over 400 svar fra opplæringsansvarlige i alle fylker i landet (unntatt Finnmark), hvorav 240 ble skåret fra de ti største industriområdene. Disse representerer 75 % av lærlingplassene fra TIP i Norge i 2012. Ulike fagområder ble skåret etter dikotome svar (relevant/ikke) og vektet på en 4-punkts Likert-skala. Siden det er store variasjoner med hensyn til hvor mange lærlinger de ulike fagene etterspør ble datæne vektet. Data i denne undersøkelsen gir belyser bedriftenes etterspørsel etter kunnskap av de inkluderte TIP. Det viste seg at det finnes konkrete kunnskaper og ferdighetsnivå i ti av de 11 yrkene som etterspurte flest lærlinger i 2012 i Norge. Disse er blant annet kobling, demontering, feilsøking på elektriske anlegg og maskinering etter arbeidstegninger. Artikkelen konkluderer med at det er mulig å konkretisere praktiske faglig relevante øvingsoppgaver for de fleste av de inkluderte fagene uten at undervisningen oppfattes som abstrakt og teoretisk.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of PM2.5 Pollution in Xi’an City, China
Authors: Huang Ping , Zhang Jingyuan , Tang Yuxiang , Liu Lu
Published: June 2015

The monitoring data of the 13 stations in Xi’an city for the whole years of 2013 and 2014 was counted and analyzed. Obtaining the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of PM2.5 was the goal. Cluster analysis and the wavelet transform were utilized to discuss the regional distribution characteristics of PM2.5 concentration (ρ(PM2.5)) and the main features of its yearly changes and sudden changes. Additionally, some relevant factors were taken into account to interpret the changes. The results show that ρ(PM2.5) in Xi’an during 2013 was generally higher than in 2014, it is high in winter and low in summer, and the high PM2.5 concentration centers are around the People’s Stadium and Caotan monitoring sites; For the regional PM2.5 distribution, the 13 sites can be divided into three categories, in which Textile city is Cluster 1, and High-tech Western is Cluster 2, and Cluster 3 includes the remaining 11 monitoring sites; the coefficient of goodness of the cluster analysis is 0.6761, which indicates that the result is acceptable. As for the yearly change, apart from June and July, the average ρ(PM2.5) concentration has been above the normal concentration criteria of Chinese National Standard (50 g/m3); cloudy weather and low winds are the major meteorological factors leading to the sudden changes of ρ(PM2.5).
Chemokine-Derived Peptides: Novel Antimicrobial and Antineoplasic Agents
Authors: Valdivia-Silva Julio , Medina-Tamayo Jaciel , Garcia-Zepeda Eduardo
Published: June 2015

Chemokines are a burgeoning family of chemotactic cytokines displaying a broad array of functions such as regulation of homeostatic leukocyte traffic and development, as well as activating the innate immune system. Their role in controlling early and late inflammatory stages is now well recognized. An improper balance either in chemokine synthesis or chemokine receptor expression contributes to various pathological disorders making chemokines and their receptors a useful therapeutic target. Research in this area is progressing rapidly, and development of novel agents based on chemokine/ chemokine receptors antagonist functions are emerging as attractive alternative drugs. Some of these novel agents include generation of chemokine-derived peptides (CDP) with potential agonist and antagonist effects on inflammation, cancer and against bacterial infections. CDP have been generated mainly from N- and C-terminus chemokine sequences with subsequent modifications such as truncations or elongations. In this review, we present a glimpse of the different pharmacological actions reported for CDP and our current understanding regarding the potential use of CDP alone or as part of the novel therapies proposed in the treatment of microbial infections and cancer.
An Approach to an Intersection Traffic Delay Study Based on Shift-Share Analysis
Authors: Xi Jianfeng , Li Wei , Wang Shengli , Wang Chuanjiu
Published: June 2015

Intersection traffic delay research has traditionally placed greater emphasis on the study of through and left-turning vehicles than right-turning ones, which often renders existing methods or models inapplicable to intersections with heavy pedestrian and non-motorized traffic. In the meantime, there is also a need for understanding the relations between different types of delay and how they each contribute to the total delay of the entire intersection. In order to address these issues, this paper first examines models that focus on through and left-turn traffic delays, taking into account the presence of heavy mixed traffic flows that are prevalent in developing countries, then establishes a model for calculating right-turn traffic delay and, last, proposes an approach to analyzing how much each of the three types of traffic delay contributes to the total delay of the intersection, based on the application of shift-share analysis (SSA), which has been applied extensively in the field of economics.
Predation of the Peach Aphid Myzus persicae by the mirid Predator Macrolophus pygmaeus on Sweet Peppers: Effect of Prey and Predator Density
Authors: De Backer Lara , Wäckers Felix , Francis Frédéric , Verheggen François
Published: June 2015

Integrated Pest Management strategies are widely implemented in sweet peppers. Aphid biological control on sweet pepers includes curative applications of parasitoids and generalist predators, but with limited efficiency. Macrolophus pygmaeus is a zoophytophagous predator which has been reported to predate on aphids, but has traditionally been used to control other pests, including whiteflies. In this work, we evaluate the effectiveness of M. pygmaeus in controlling Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) by testing different combinations of aphid and predator densities in cage-experiments under greenhouse conditions. The impact of the presence of an alternative factitious prey (E. kuehniella eggs) was also investigated. Macrolophus pygmaeus, at densities of four individuals/plant, caused rapid decline of newly established aphid populations. When aphid infestations were heavy, the mirid bug reduced the aphid numbers but did not fully eradicate aphid populations. The availability of a factitious prey did not influence M. pygmaeus predation on aphids. Based on our data, preventive application of M. pygmaeus, along with a supplementary food source , is recommended to control early infestations of aphids.
Carotta: Revealing Hidden Confounder Markers in Metabolic Breath Profiles
Authors: Hauschild Anne-Christin , Frisch Tobias , Baumbach Jörg , Baumbach Jan
Published: June 2015

Computational breath analysis is a growing research area aiming at identifying volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human breath to assist medical diagnostics of the next generation. While inexpensive and non-invasive bioanalytical technologies for metabolite detection in exhaled air and bacterial/fungal vapor exist and the first studies on the power of supervised machine learning methods for profiling of the resulting data were conducted, we lack methods to extract hidden data features emerging from confounding factors. Here, we present Carotta, a new cluster analysis framework dedicated to uncovering such hidden substructures by sophisticated unsupervised statistical learning methods. We study the power of transitivity clustering and hierarchical clustering to identify groups of VOCs with similar expression behavior over most patient breath samples and/or groups of patients with a similar VOC intensity pattern. This enables the discovery of dependencies between metabolites. On the one hand, this allows us to eliminate the effect of potential confounding factors hindering disease classification, such as smoking. On the other hand, we may also identify VOCs associated with disease subtypes or concomitant diseases. Carotta is an open source software with an intuitive graphical user interface promoting data handling, analysis and visualization. The back-end is designed to be modular, allowing for easy extensions with plugins in the future, such as new clustering methods and statistics. It does not require much prior knowledge or technical skills to operate. We demonstrate its power and applicability by means of one artificial dataset. We also apply Carotta exemplarily to a real-world example dataset on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While the artificial data are utilized as a proof of concept, we will demonstrate how Carotta finds candidate markers in our real dataset associated with confounders rather than the primary disease (COPD) and bronchial carcinoma (BC). Carotta is publicly available at http://carotta.compbio.sdu.dk [1].
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Cinnamyl Long Chain Aroma Esters
Authors: Worzakowska Marta
Published: June 2015

Cinnamyl long chain aroma esters were prepared by using the conventional and microwave-assisted methods. The esterification reaction of naturally occurring 3-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-ol and different chain lengths acidic and diol reagents was carried out at the temperature of 140 °C under solvent free conditions. As acidic reagents, oxolane-2,5-dione, oxane-2,6-dione, hexanedioic acid and decanedioic acid were applied. Ethane-1,2-diol and 2,2ʹ-[oxybis(2,1-ethandiyloxy)]diethanol were used as diol reagents. The synthesis of high molecular mass cinnamyl esters under conventional method conditions requires a long time to obtain high yields. The studies confirm that by using microwave irradiation, it is possible to reduce the reaction times to only 10–20 min. The structures of prepared esters were confirmed on the basis of FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. In addition, the newly obtained cinnamyl long chain esters were tested for their thermal properties. The TG studies proved the high thermal resistance of the obtained esters under inert and oxidative conditions.
The Difference in Nutrient Intakes between Chinese and Mediterranean, Japanese and American Diets
Authors: Zhang Ronghua , Wang Zhaopin , Fei Ying , Zhou Biao , Zheng Shuangshuang , Wang Lijuan , Huang Lichun , Jiang Shuying , Liu Zeyu , Jiang Jingxin , Yu Yunxian
Published: June 2015

Across countries, the predominant diets are clearly different and highly related with human health. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate dietary nutrients between them. This study aimed to evaluate dietary nutrients in China and compare those between Chinese and Mediterranean (Italian), Japanese and American diets. Dietary intakes of 2659 subjects in south-east China, Zhejiang province, from 2010 to 2012, were estimated by three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. The contribution of carbohydrate to total energy in Chinese subjects was lower than that in Japanese and American subjects, but higher than that in Italian subjects. However, the energy contribution from fat in Chinese subjects was higher than that in Japanese and American subjects, and similar to that in Italian subjects. Moreover, the Chinese diet had lower daily intakes of fiber, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin C, compared with the Japanese, American and Italian diets. Nevertheless, intakes of sodium, iron, copper and vitamin E were higher among Chinese people relative to the people of other three countries. The present study demonstrated that the structure of the Chinese diet has been shifting away from the traditional diet toward high-fat, low-carbohydrate and low-fiber diets, and nutrients intakes in Chinese people have been changing even worse than those in American people.
Bardoxolone Methyl Prevents Fat Deposition and Inflammation in Brown Adipose Tissue and Enhances Sympathetic Activity in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Dinh Chi , Szabo Alexander , Yu Yinghua , Camer Danielle , Zhang Qingsheng , Wang Hongqin , Huang Xu-Feng
Published: June 2015

Obesity results in changes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) morphology, leading to fat deposition, inflammation, and alterations in sympathetic nerve activity. Bardoxolone methyl (BARD) has been extensively studied for the treatment of chronic diseases. We present for the first time the effects of oral BARD treatment on BAT morphology and associated changes in the brainstem. Three groups (n = 7) of C57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD), a high-fat diet supplemented with BARD (HFD/BARD), or a low-fat diet (LFD) for 21 weeks. BARD was administered daily in drinking water. Interscapular BAT, and ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and dorsal vagal complex (DVC) in the brainstem, were collected for analysis by histology, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. BARD prevented fat deposition in BAT, demonstrated by the decreased accumulation of lipid droplets. When administered BARD, HFD mice had lower numbers of F4/80 and CD11c macrophages in the BAT with an increased proportion of CD206 macrophages, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. BARD increased phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase in BAT and VLM. In the VLM, BARD increased energy expenditure proteins, including beta 3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). Overall, oral BARD prevented fat deposition and inflammation in BAT, and stimulated sympathetic nerve activity.
An Advanced Pharmacy Practice Framework for Australia
Authors: Jackson Shane , Martin Grant , Bergin Jennifer , Clark Bronwyn , Stupans Ieva , Yeates Gilbert , Nissen Lisa , Marty Stephen , Gysslink Paul , Matthews Andrew , Kirsa Sue , Deans Kerry , Sorimachi Kay
Published: June 2015

The need to develop An Advanced Pharmacy Practice Framework for Australia (the “APPF”) was identified during the 2010 review of the competency standards for Australian pharmacists. The Advanced Pharmacy Practice Framework Steering Committee, a collaborative profession-wide committee comprised of representatives of ten pharmacy organisations, examined and adapted existing advanced practice frameworks, all of which were found to have been based on the Competency Development and Evaluation Group (CoDEG) Advanced and Consultant Level Framework (the “CoDEG Framework”) from the United Kingdom. Its competency standards were also found to align well with the Domains of the National Competency Standards Framework for Pharmacists in Australia (the “National Framework”). Adaptation of the CoDEG Framework created an APPF that is complementary to the National Framework, sufficiently flexible to customise for recognising advanced practice in any area of professional practice and has been approved by the boards/councils of all participating organisations. The primary purpose of the APPF is to assist the development of the profession to meet the changing health care needs of the community. However, it is also a valuable tool for assuring members of the public of the competence of an advanced practice pharmacist and the quality and safety of the services they deliver.
Multiscale Analysis of the Predictability of Stock Returns
Authors: Fiedor Paweł
Published: June 2015

Due to the strong complexity of financial markets, economics does not have a unified theory of price formation in financial markets. The most common assumption is the Efficient-Market Hypothesis, which has been attacked by a number of researchers, using different tools. There were varying degrees to which these tools complied with the formal definitions of efficiency and predictability. In our earlier work, we analysed the predictability of stock returns at two time scales using the entropy rate, which can be directly linked to the mathematical definition of predictability. Nonetheless, none of the above-mentioned studies allow any general understanding of how the financial markets work, beyond disproving the Efficient-Market Hypothesis. In our previous study, we proposed the Maximum Entropy Production Principle, which uses the entropy rate to create a general principle underlying the price formation processes. Both of these studies show that the predictability of price changes is higher at the transaction level intraday scale than the scale of daily returns, but ignore all scales in between. In this study we extend these ideas using the multiscale entropy analysis framework to enhance our understanding of the predictability of price formation processes at various time scales.
La promesse de l’invisibilité : le paradoxe de la révélation visible du Dieu invisible
Authors: Vouga François
Published: June 2015

Dieu est-il invisible ? À partir de la réflexion théologique et anthropologique de Paul, François Vouga * défend la thèse selon laquelle l’événement de la Croix interrompt l’histoire de la pensée sur la révélation visible et rationnelle d’un Dieu qui, comme transcendance invisible, fonde l’intimité invisible qui recèle l’identité de chaque personne. Dieu, s’il est la vérité de la réalité qu’interprètent l’art, les sciences et l’Évangile, et non quelque mascotte de la religion, est nécessairement invisible.
La théologie comme interprétation existentiale
Authors: Kraege Jean-Denis
Published: June 2015

Jean-Denis Kraege * revisite l’idée bultmanienne d’interprétation existentiale, et travaille à sa redéfinition en décrivant ce qu’est une compréhension de soi sur des bases non plus heideggeriennes, mais husserliennes. Dans cette optique, il propose de considérer l’entier de la théologie – non la seule exégèse des Écritures – à partir de cette nouvelle manière de comprendre ce qu’il faut entendre par interprétation existentiale.
L’hymnologie morave ou le cantique comme témoignage de la foi
Authors: Borm Jan
Published: June 2015

Le cœur doit chanter. Voici comment l’on pourrait définir l’un des préceptes de la ferveur morave. De nombreux visiteurs, à l’image d’un Wesley, très enthousiaste lors de sa visite à Herrnhut, l’année de sa propre expérience de Reveil, ou encore Goethe, ont été marqués profondément par l’hymnologie d’une congrégation qui semblaient savoir faire vibrer sa foi par le chant. S’inspirant de l’hymnologie des Frères tchèques, les Moraves attachaient la plus grande importance à la pratique quotidienne de la chorale, le comte Zinzendorf, père fondateur des Moraves, encourageant les uns et les autres à y mettre tout leur cœur, tant un cantique venant du fort intérieur était considéré comme un signe manifeste de l’authentique foi. Jan Borm * entend démontrer que le style employé dans les premiers temps ait ou non semblé pêcher par un excès d’émotivité baroque, il demeure que l’hymnologie est à considérer comme l’un des dispositifs centraux de la vie morave qui n’a pas manqué, jusqu’à aujourd’hui, de laisser son empreinte dans nombre de cantiques.
Le grand écart de l’empire du Milieu
Authors: Besançon Yves
Published: June 2015

En cette fin d’année 1  , les grands amateurs des podiums de la compétition économique internationale ont dû accueillir, non sans une certaine excitation, l’information du Fonds monétaire international (FMI), selon laquelle la Chine aurait détrôné en 2014 les États-Unis de la place de première puissance économique mondiale qu’ils occupaient depuis 1842. Une information certes historique du point de vue des rapports de force et équilibres géopolitiques mondiaux, mais qui ne doit pas occulter le grand écart de l’empire du Milieu entre ses performances productivistes et son niveau de développement.
« Hetero oder homo ? » La performance d’un coming out hétérosexuel à la radio
Authors: Mondada Lorenza , Oloff Florence
Published: June 2015

Cet article se penche sur un épisode radiophonique durant lequel deux animateurs effectuent un coming out hétérosexuel à l’occasion de la journée internationale du coming out (11 octobre). Dans une perspective issue de l’analyse conversationnelle d’inspiration ethnométhodologique, il étudie une collection d’occurrences de coming out , permettant non seulement d’identifier un format séquentiel récurrent et la manière dont il contribue à l’efficacité de la pratique, mais aussi de réfléchir à la façon dont il peut être utilisé dans différents contextes sociaux, notamment médiatisés et médiatiques. En particulier, l’article montre comment la pratique est au service d’une émission radiophonique sur le coming out et prépare la transition vers le traitement de l’homosexualité à la radio. Grâce à un enregistrement vidéo du travail des animateurs dans le studio de radio, l’article décrit la façon dont le thème de la journée internationale du coming out est fabriqué et orchestré dans les coulisses de la radio et sur les ondes. Ce faisant, il montre la contribution d’une analyse conversationnelle à l’approche du coming out dans les études de genre – où la pratique est largement discutée mais sans être analysée sur la base d’occurrences documentées. L’article revient ainsi sur l’ épistémologie du closet chère à Eve Sedgwick, en proposant une anatomie du coming out en contexte médiatisé, qui en éclaire les enjeux non seulement épistémiques mais aussi de normativisation, publicisation et spectacularisation.
Souvenirs inoubliables
Authors: Sidoit Véronique
Published: June 2015

Depuis les procès des anciens chefs Khmers rouges, la parole se libère et le régime des Khmers rouges peut commencer à s’extraire de sa gangue traumatique, devenant ainsi objet et élément de langage. L’auteur s’attache à traiter tout d’abord du trauma lorsqu’il est lié à un événement extérieur tels la confrontation à la mort et/ou l’abandon par l’Autre. À partir de l’exemple d’une petite fille, elle avance le rôle du fantasme comme protection au regard du réel traumatique. Dans un second temps, elle déplie la question de l’oubli et du souvenir et ouvre un questionnement sur l’impossibilité d’oublier et ses ressorts. À partir des formes de retour de ces souvenirs, répétition ou réitération, elle donne un aperçu de la position éthique de certains sujets qui soutiennent une position de refus, un refus d’oublier.
La passe ou l’avenir de la psychanalyse
Authors: Nassif Jacques
Published: June 2015

Sous la forme d’une lettre, adressée à son ex-analysante qui lui a demandé de « faire la passe » pour témoigner de ce qu’aura été son analyse et faire constater sa fin, un psychanalyste des CCAF témoigne à son tour ici de ce qu’aura été en trente ans l’évolution de ce dispositif au sein de son association. Une fois prise la décision de reprendre la passe de Lacan, avec l’intention expresse de faire mentir la déclaration d’échec dont elle a été assortie en 1978, force est de constater qu’il a fallu pour cela réformer sa forme et son contenu, les détails de ce remodelage formant l’essentiel de la teneur de cette lettre. Mais il a fallu surtout aller jusqu’à éviter que cette invention institutionnelle ne débouche sur la nomination à un titre de psychanalyste, la nomination ne portant plus que sur les temps forts d’un parcours de vie se faisant valoir comme analytique jusqu’à la conclusion de sa fin à authentifier.
Les politiques de prévention des handicaps à la naissance en France : regards historiques
Authors: Ville Isabelle , Lotte Lynda
Published: June 2015

Cet article interroge la place de l’avortement thérapeutique et des techniques de diagnostic prénatal dans la prise en charge des handicaps de naissance en France, à partir des années 1960. En présentant l’histoire croisée de la législation de l’avortement thérapeutique et celle de la mise en place de la périnatalité, il entend situer l’arrivée des techniques de diagnostic prénatal dans un contexte où l’avortement thérapeutique pour anomalie fœtale peut être envisagé comme un recours dans la prévention des handicaps de naissance.
Diversification des lieux de naissance en France : le cas des Maisons de naissance
Authors: Charrier Philippe
Published: June 2015

Le dispositif de santé publique français va prochainement se doter d’un nouvel espace de naissance, les Maisons de naissance. Ces maisons de naissance participent à un élan de diversification des lieux de naissance qui débute avec les Birth Centers anglo-saxons et vient s’ajouter à la rare et difficile pratique des accouchements à domicile. Cet article rappelle que ces établissements sont le fruit d’un ajustement d’institutions – les maternités hospitalières – répondant aux demandes des femmes et couples en matière d’accompagnement de la naissance de leurs enfants. Ils mobilisent tant une logique consumériste, qu’un besoin d’une prise en charge médicale plus personnalisée et le souhait de profiter d’une expérience intime. Cependant, cette diversification, si elle correspond aux attentes d’une partie des parents, participe paradoxalement à un processus de construction de nouvelles inégalités sociales.
Quand les parents choisissent noms et prénoms : pratiques et rites de nomination au Québec du XXI e siècle
Authors: Charton Laurence , Lemieux Denise
Published: June 2015

L’octroi d’un nom au nouveau-né s’inscrit depuis longtemps au sein des rites d’accueil qui confèrent une identité à un nouveau membre en lui assignant des liens familiaux et sociaux. Jadis encadré au Québec par les rites religieux du baptême célébré dans les jours suivant la naissance, rite qui faisait office d’inscription civile jusqu’au milieu du XX e siècle, les choix d’un prénom et d’un nom de famille semblent aujourd’hui circonscrits dans la rédaction et l’envoi de la déclaration de naissance par les parents au cours du mois qui suit l’accouchement. En nous appuyant sur l’analyse qualitative des témoignages de 25 parents concernant le choix du prénom et du nom de l’enfant, ses moments et contextes, nous verrons que divers changements entourant la formation du couple, la transformation des rites familiaux et la sécularisation du cadre de nomination ainsi que les possibilités inédites de transmission de deux noms de famille, font du choix du prénom et du nom de famille, une activité symbolique d’attente de l’enfant et de construction du couple, où sont redéfinis par les sujets en interaction les liens de filiation et les liens généalogiques jadis prescrits par l’institution.
L’expérience de pères québécois de la naissance de leur enfant
Authors: de Montigny Francine , Gervais Christine , Tremblay Josée
Published: June 2015

Depuis le début des années 1970, les pères sont encouragés à être présents au moment de la naissance de leur enfant. Cette présence est souvent balisée par les professionnels de la santé. Les pères estiment qu’ils ont été confinés dans un rôle de spectateur et regrettent n’avoir pas pu participer activement. Bien qu’on connaisse les bénéfices pour la mère de la participation du père, l’expérience des pères eux-mêmes est méconnue. L’objectif de cet article est de décrire et d’analyser le type d’expérience de la naissance de leur enfant telle qu’elle a été vécue par les pères : l’expérience, qualifiée de « nourrissante » (qui a été vécue comme un apport bénéfique dans la relation à la conjointe et à l’enfant qui naît) ; et celle qui peut être qualifiée de « traumatisante ».
La normalisation du rôle parental par une équipe soignante
Authors: Bonnet Thomas
Published: June 2015

L’étude des interactions entre une équipe soignante et les parents des patients hospitalisés dans un service pédiatrique montre un processus de normalisation du rôle parental. La catégorisation sociale des parents réalisée par les soignants fait ressortir l’image d’un modèle du « bon » parent. L’évaluation par les soignants de la distance à ce modèle leur permet d’élaborer les actions à mettre en œuvre envers le parent pour le conformer à l’idéal professionnel. Ce dernier s’incarne dans une prise en charge globale de l’enfant, et implique donc une place particulière du parent.
Femtosecond Laser-assisted Cataract Surgery in Patients With Marfan Syndrome and Subluxated Lens
Authors: Crema Armando S. , Walsh Aileen , Yamane Iris S. , Ventura Bruna V. , Santhiago Marcony R.
Published: June 2015

PURPOSE:

To report femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgeries in patients with Marfan syndrome with mild, moderate, and severe lens subluxation.

METHODS:

Case reports.

RESULTS:

Two patients with Marfan syndrome underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (Alcon LenSx Lasers Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA). One patient had a mild lens subluxation in one eye and a moderate lens subluxation in the fellow eye. The other patient had a severe lens subluxation in one eye. In all eyes, the laser was able to perform a circular and free-floating anterior capsulotomy and lens fragmentation. In two of the eyes it was also helpful in decreasing corneal astigmatism by making corneal intrastromal relaxing incisions. There were no postoperative complications.

CONCLUSIONS:

Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery is an effective approach for cataract surgery in patients with Marfan syndrome with mild, moderate, and even severe lens subluxation, with the benefits of causing minimal further zonular damage and being able to treat corneal astigmatism with relaxing incisions.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(5):338–341.]
Integrating Social Knowledge and Collaboration Tools into Dispersed Product Development
Authors: Evans Richard David , Gao James Xiaoyu , Martin Nick , Simmonds Clive
Published: June 2015

Employee collaboration and knowledge sharing is vital for manufacturing organisations wishing to be successful in an ever-changing global market place; Product Development (PD) teams, in particular, rely heavily on these activities to generate innovative designs and enhancements to existing product ranges. To this end, the purpose of this paper is to present the results of a validation study carried out during an Engineering Education Scheme project to confirm the benefits of using bespoke Web 2.0-based groupware to improve employee collaboration and knowledge sharing between dispersed PD teams. The results of a cross-sectional survey concluded that employees would welcome greater usage of social computing technologies. The study confirmed that groupware offers the potential to deliver a more effective collaborative and knowledge sharing environment with additional communication channels on offer. Furthermore, a series of recommended guidelines are presented to show how PD teams, operating in globally-dispersed organisations, may use Web 2.0 tools to improve employee collaboration and knowledge sharing.
Effects of Multi-Robot Team Formations on Distributed Area Coverage
Authors: Dasgupta Prithviraj , Whipple Taylor , Cheng Ke
Published: June 2015

This paper examines the problem of distributed coverage of an initially unknown environment using a multi-robot system. Specifically, focus is on a coverage technique for coordinating teams of multiple mobile robots that are deployed and maintained in a certain formation while covering the environment. The technique is analyzed theoretically and experimentally to verify its operation and performance within the Webots robot simulator, as well as on physical robots. Experimental results show that the described coverage technique with robot teams moving in formation can perform comparably with a technique where the robots move individually while covering the environment. The authors also quantify the effect of various parameters of the system, such as the size of the robot teams, the presence of localization, and wheel slip noise, as well as environment related features like the size of the environment and the presence of obstacles and walls on the performance of the area coverage operation.
A Study on Densification and Grain Growth of Ba(Ce,Zr)O3 Prepared by a Two-Step Sintering
Authors: Othman N.W. , Ramli A. , Osman N. , Abdullah S.S.C. , Rahman M.E.A.
Published: June 2015

Ultra-fine powder of Ba (Ce,Zr)O3 was prepared by a sol-gel method using metal nitrate salts as pre-cursor. The powder was compacted using hydraulic press with pressure of 45 kg/m2 for 5 min to produce four different pellets. They were sintered at two temperature profiles using two-step sintering (TSS) process. The first temperature profile was fixed at T1 = 1450°C and the second temperature profile was varies from T2 = 1300°C, 1350°C and 1400°C, respectively. For a comparison, the pellet was also sintered using conventional step sintering (CSS) with temperature of T = 1450°C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images for the fracture surface showed that the grain growth for the pellet sintered at T2 = 1350°C was suppressed compared to others. Majority of it grain size was in the range of 100 to 390 nm. For densification study, all the pellets sintered using TSS profile exhibited lower density than CSS method. Even though TSS method can retard the grain growth but in terms of densification, CSS method is better than TSS.
Earth observation in support of malaria control and epidemiology: MALAREO monitoring approaches
Authors: Franke Jonas , Gebreslasie Michael , Bauwens Ides , Deleu Julie , Siegert Florian
Published: June 2015

Malaria affects about half of the world’s population, with the vast majority of cases occuring in Africa. National malaria control programmes aim to reduce the burden of malaria and its negative, socioeconomic effects by using various control strategies (e.g. vector control, environmental management and case tracking). Vector control is the most effective transmission prevention strategy, while environmental factors are the key parameters affecting transmission. Geographic information systems (GIS), earth observation (EO) and spatial modelling are increasingly being recognised as valuable tools for effective management and malaria vector control. Issues previously inhibiting the use of EO in epidemiology and malaria control such as poor satellite sensor performance, high costs and long turnaround times, have since been resolved through modern technology. The core goal of this study was to develop and implement the capabilities of EO data for national malaria control programmes in South Africa, Swaziland and Mozambique. High- and very high resolution (HR and VHR) land cover and wetland maps were generated for the identification of potential vector habitats and human activities, as well as geoinformation on distance to wetlands for malaria risk modelling, population density maps, habitat foci maps and VHR household maps. These products were further used for modelling malaria incidence and the analysis of environmental factors that favour vector breeding. Geoproducts were also transferred to the staff of national malaria control programmes in seven African countries to demonstrate how EO data and GIS can support vector control strategy planning and monitoring. The transferred EO products support better epidemiological understanding of environmental factors related to malaria transmission, and allow for spatio-temporal targeting of malaria control interventions, thereby improving the cost-effectiveness of interventions.
Éditorial n°9 Déchets Sciences et Techniques: Pour en finir avec le syndrome des dioxines
Authors: Tiberghien Philippe
Published: June 2015

Le débat sur les dioxines a pris des proportions significatives en France à la suite de la publication de l'étude de surveillance nationale effectuée par le ministère de l'Agriculture sur les produits laitiers et ce dans le contexte de « l'échéance 2002 » qui entraîne l'émergence de nouveaux incinérateurs de déchets.Schématiquement, on est en présence des positions suivantes :- les écologistes évoquent pêle-mêle Seveso, la guerre du Vietnam... et prédisent des cataclysmes sur la santé publique (cancer, diminution des défenses immunitaires ...) en se basant sur des expériences de laboratoire réalisées en situation extrême,- les industriels se campent sur la défensive tout en occultant leurs résultats de peur d'envenimer le débat : de fait, pratiquement aucun n'a publié précisément les niveaux de rejet constatés,- le public manifeste son inquiétude par une opposition systématique à tout nouveau projet quelles que soient les per­ formances annoncées.Le domaine de cette étude de surveillance nationale est a priori pertinent car les dioxines ont la caractéristique de se concentrer dans les graisses de la chaîne alimentaire : les produits laitiers sont donc d'excellents indicateurs de dissémination dans l'environnement.
Étude des écoulements à travers des couches de cendres volantes compactées saturées et non saturées en eau
Authors: Rakotoarisoa Zolalaina , Tiruta-Barna Ligia
Published: June 2015

This study contributes to the prediction of the environmental behavior of the thermal processes residues used like materials of public works. To predict the long-term behaviour of wastes, several stages are necessary of which the characterisation of waste as well as the characterisation of various pollutants transfers mechanisms in solution using leaching tests. In the case of a percolation, these mechanisms can be analysed in hydrodynamic and physicochemical term and can be modelled by considering simplifying assumptions. The adjustment of these models requires the knowledge of various physicochemical or hydrodynamic parameters. This study aims to characterise the flow through coal fly-ashes compacted in column, using tracing experiments in water saturated and unsaturated medium and to thus identify the hydrodynamic parameters necessary to the adjustment of the waste long-term behaviour prediction models in road engineering scenario (fill).

Cette étude contribue à la prédiction du comportement environnemental des résidus de procédés thermiques utilisés comme matériaux de travaux publics. Pour prédire le comportement à long terme des déchets, plusieurs étapes sont nécessaires dont la caractérisation du déchet ainsi que des divers mécanismes de transfert des polluants en solution à l’aide de tests de lixiviation. Dans le cas d’une percolation, ces mécanismes peuvent être analysés en terme hydrodynamique et physico-chimique et peuvent être modélisés en considérant des hypothèses simplificatrices. L’ajustement de ces modèles nécessite la connaissance de différents paramètres physico-chimiques ou hydrodynamiques. Cette étude vise à caractériser l’écoulement à travers des cendres volantes de charbon compactées en colonne, à l’aide d’expériences de traçage en milieu saturé et non saturé en eau et identifier ainsi les paramètres hydrodynamiques nécessaires à l’ajustement des modèles de prédiction du comportement à long terme des déchets dans un scénario d’utilisation en technique routière (remblai).
Étude des surfaces et calcul théorique des sites actifs de charbons actifs par adsorption de l'acide tartrique
Authors: Ketcha MBadcam Joseph , Manga Ngomo Horace , Avom Jérôme , Dina Joh David Daniel
Published: June 2015

The theoretical calculation of the number of active sites of four activated carbon samples (2SAP/C, COM3, NC 35 and NCF O.5/2) during the adsorption of tartaric acid from solution has revealed that the number of accessible active sites on the surface increases with increased pH. It also appears that the number of active sites for the basic activated carbon (NC 35 and NCF 0.5/2) is greater than that of the acidic activated carbon (2 SAP/C and COM 3). The results obtained are in agreement with those obtained by Freundlich and Langmuir models such that the classification for the four samples is as follows: 2 SAP/C < COM 3 < NC 35 < NCF 0.5/2. It is also observed that the dispersion on the surface of the activated carbon increases with the total number of accessible activated sites and decreases with the total number of sites in the sample.

Le calcul théorique du nombre de sites actifs lors de l'adsorption de l'acide tartrique en solution par quatre échantillons de charbons actifs commerciaux (2SAP/C, COM3, NC 35 et NCF O.5/2) révèle que le nombre de sites actifs accessibles à la surface de ces charbons croît avec le pH. Il apparaît également que vis-à-vis de l'adsorption de l'acide tartrique, les charbons actifs basiques (NC 35 et NCF 0.5/2) ont plus de sites actifs que les charbons actifs acides (2SAP/C et COM 3). Les résultats obtenus, en accord avec ceux obtenus par exploitation des modèles de Freundlich et de Langmuir, montrent que le pouvoir adsorbant varie dans l'ordre 2 SAP/C < COM 3 < NC 35 < NCF 0.5/2. On démontre également que la dispersion à la surface des charbons actifs augmente avec le nombre de sites actifs et diminue avec la grosseur des particules de charbon.
Étude de la sorption d’hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques en milieux poreux naturels saturés par chromatographie éluto-frontale
Authors: Appert-Collin Jean-Christophe , Simonnot Marie-Odile , Sardin Michel
Published: June 2015

The individual retention of three PAH (naphtalene, fluorene and phenanthrene) by two sands was studied by mean of column experiments, following the methods of frontal chromatography. The first sand naturally contained 2 % organic carbon, as the second one was coated with a heavy C16 apolar hydrocarbon. Column experiments show that retention is non linear, since the breakthrough curve location depends on the PAH feed concentration, and sorption and regeneration fronts are more or less sharpening or broadening, following the retention isotherm convexity. Retention by the organic sand follows a Langmuir isotherm and the initial slope is in good agreement with the prediction of the Karickhoff law. Retention on the coated sand can be described by a Freundlich isotherm with an exponent slightly greater than unity. Thus, retention is enhanced if a nonpolar hydrocarbon is present, that means that HAP propagation is lowered. The quantitative determination of equilibrium interaction parameters enables us to predict HAP transport through porous media, e.g. the results of lixiviation experiments at the pilot scale.

La rétention monoconstituant de trois HAP (naphtalène, fluorène, phénanthrène) par deux sables, l’un contenant 2 % de carbone organique, l’autre imprégné d’un hydrocarbure saturé, est étudiée par des expériences en colonnes saturées, selon l’approche de la chromatographie éluto-frontale. Les expériences en colonne mettent bien en évidence la non-linéarité du processus de partage entre la matière organique du sable et l’eau. La rétention par le sable organique est décrite par une isotherme de Langmuir, dont la pente à l’origine peut être prédite par la loi de Karickhoff. L’isotherme de rétention par le sable imprégné présente une courbure convexe, ce qui indique que la rétention est renforcée en présence d’un hydrocarbure non polaire. Ainsi, les HAP ont tendance à être peu mobiles en présence d’autres polluants peu polaires. La détermination quantitative des paramètres d’équilibre permet de prévoir le transport de ces HAP en milieux poreux notamment lors d’expériences de lixiviation en colonnes pilotes.