bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DOPO chemically modified mesoporous silica composites: Preparation, flame retardancy, and thermodynamic properties
Authors: Tian Miaomiao , Chen Yajie , Zhang Qiaoran , Zhao Xiaowei , Li Xiaohong , Zhang Zhijun , Li Zhiwei
Published: August 2024

Organic flame retardant 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) was used to decorate the pores of mesoporous silica (m‐SiO2) nanospheres to prepare a new composite flame retardant (DK‐SiO2). The content of DOPO in DK‐SiO2 is about 17 wt%. Due to the chemical bonding, DK‐SiO2 not only enhances the flame retardant performance, but also effectively avoids adverse effects of DOPO on the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties of epoxy resin (EP). At 9 wt% loading, the limiting oxygen index of the EP increased from 25.7 to 31.2, and successfully passed the UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Besides, DK‐SiO2 can significantly reduce the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production of EP, with reductions of 26%, 32%, and 20.8%, respectively. Compared with the simple blended sample, DK‐SiO2 not only has better flame retardant performance but also shows significant advantages in thermodynamic properties. The glass transition temperature, impact, and tensile strength, as well as storage and flexural modulus have been improved. This excellent flame retardant performance is mainly attributed to the gas‐condensed synergistic flame retardant mechanism between DOPO and m‐SiO2. The good thermodynamic performance is due to the excellent dispersion of DK‐SiO2 nanospheres in the EP.
Exploring Green Fluorescent Protein Brownian Motion: Temperature and Concentration Dependencies Through Luminescence Thermometry
Authors: Guo Yongwei , Maturi Fernando E. , Brites Carlos D. S. , Carlos Luís D.
Published: August 2024

Luminescent nanothermometry emerges as a powerful tool for studying protein dynamics. This technique was employed to perform the first measurement of the temperature dependence of protein Brownian velocity, showcasing the illustrative example of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) across physiologically relevant temperatures (30−50 °C) and concentrations (40, 60, and 80 × 10−3 kg m−3). EGFP exhibited a concentration‐dependent decrease in Brownian velocity, from (1.47 ± 0.09) × 10−3 m s−1 to (0.35 ± 0.01) × 10−3 m s−1, at 30 °C, mimicking crowded cellular environments. Notably, the protein Brownian velocity increased linearly with temperature. These results demonstrate the suitability of concentrated suspensions for modeling intracellular crowding and validate luminescent nanothermometry for protein Brownian motion studies. Furthermore, the observed linear relationship between the logarithm of the protein Brownian velocity and concentration indicates that EGFP motion is not primarily driven by diffusion, but more of a ballistic transport.
Novel tetrahydropyran‐triazole hybrids with antiproliferative activity against human tumor cells
Authors: Quintana Vanesa , González‐Bakker Aday , Khan Adam N. , Padrón Juan I. , Davyt Danilo , Padrón José M. , Valdomir Guillermo
Published: August 2024

A series of new hybrid compounds was prepared combining tetrahydropyran rings with different aromatic systems by means of a 1,2,3‐triazole, using a building block strategy. The design of these structures was guided by Lead‐Likeness and Molecular Analysis (LLAMA) software, adding modifications to our most potent scaffold (the tetrahydropyran ring) to generate promising “lead‐like” candidates, which were subsequently compared against reported anticancer compounds. Our synthesized compounds demonstrated significant antiproliferative activity when compared with the standards cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil, across a panel of six different tumor cell lines. Moreover, compared with our group's previous hybrid compounds, these new structures exhibit similar activity while offering simpler synthesis and greater potential for structural diversification, a fact that was previously an issue. Further investigations on the most active compounds included assessments of reproductive cell survival, inhibition of cell migration, and effects on nuclear morphology, indicating potential diverse mechanisms of action for these compounds. Pharmacokinetic properties were also calculated for the whole series of compounds using the pkCSM online software.
Serial regression of primary gastric diffuse large B cell lymphoma after Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: A case report
Authors: Lyu Ting‐Wei , Yu Shan‐Chi , Lin Chien‐Chin
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Primary gastric diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a rare malignancy linked to Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, in this case regressed to low‐grade lymphoma and then achieved complete remission after HP eradication (HPE), highlighting this unique interim change and the potential of HPE as an effective treatment for early‐stage cases.

Primary gastric diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare malignancy. Like gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, HP infection is implicated in lymphomagenesis and has thus emerged as a therapeutic target. Studies have demonstrated the sustained efficacy of HP eradication alone for limited‐stage primary gastric DLBCL. This report presents the case of a 53‐year‐old woman with stage IE gastric DLBCL who received triple therapy for HP eradication and experienced an interim histological transformation to MALT lymphoma, ultimately achieving complete pathologic remission. HP eradication therapy may represent a viable treatment option for patients with early‐stage primary gastric DLBCL.
Incidental finding or the incognito culprit? A case of Mounier‐Kuhn syndrome
Authors: Ozgur Sacide S. , Aiken Arielle , Bathobakae Lefika , Ansari Nida , Michael Patrick , Ismail Mourad
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Mounier‐Kuhn syndrome, characterized by tracheal dilatation due to the loss of elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells, is a rare condition, often leading to recurrent respiratory infections from impaired mucociliary clearance.
Fingolimod‐associated Balo's concentric sclerosis in multiple sclerosis: A case report
Authors: Sharifi Parisa , Moradi Amir , Moghadasi Abdorreza Naser
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

A report of Balo's concentric sclerosis developed alongside with fingolimod use in a patient with previously diagnosed multiple sclerosis.
Robust Multiplicative Scatter Correction Using Quantile Regression
Authors: Hemmateenejad Bahram , Mobaraki Nabiollah , Baumann Knut
Published: August 2024

A robust method for multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) in infrared spectroscopy is presented. Using quantile regression, the outlier wavelengths (concentration‐dependent wavelengths) that are irrelevant to the regression are identified and therefore excluded from the regression model. This new MCS method, which could be implemented in its simple or extended form, is much simpler than the recently proposed methods and has only one hyperparameter (the quantile value) to be adjusted. To achieve this, a scoring function based on residual analysis can automatically determine the correct quantile value. The method is first explained using simulation data sets and then its validation is explained by analysing some experimental data sets. It was found that our new method can perform well in the presence of strong outlying variables. On the other hand, when the data sets are not associated outlying wavelengths, this method behaves similarly to the conventional MSC method.
Synthesis, Characterization and Photophysical Properties of a New Family of Rare‐Earth Cluster‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Bicalho Hudson A. , Copeman Christopher , Barbosa Helliomar P. , Rafael Donnarumma P. , Davis Zoey , Quezada‐Novoa Victor , Velazquez‐Garcia Jose de J. , Liu Nan , Hemmer Eva , Howarth Ashlee J.
Published: August 2024

In this work, nine new rare‐earth metal–organic frameworks (RE‐MOFs, where RE=Lu(III), Yb(III), Tm(III), Er(III), Ho(III), Dy(III), Tb(III), Gd(III), and Eu(III)) isostructural to Zr‐MOF‐808 are synthesized, characterized, and studied regarding their photophysical properties. Materials with high crystallinity and surface area are obtained from a reproducible synthetic procedure that involves the use of two fluorinated modulators. At the same time, these new RE‐MOFs display tunable photoluminescent properties due to efficient linker‐to‐metal energy transfer promoted by the antenna effect, resulting in a series of RE‐MOFs displaying lanthanoid‐based emissions spanning the visible and near‐infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Influence of RED‐II Calculation Rules on the Carbon Footprint of Methanol E‐Fuel
Authors: Gaikwad Ankur , Maga Daniel , Tesch Johanna , Doye Christian
Published: August 2024

The carbon footprint of methanol from cradle‐to‐grave is evaluated using three process concepts to capture CO2, i.e., one using CO2 from direct air capture (DAC) and the other two utilizing CO2 from a steel mill's blast furnace gas (BFG). Hydrogen is supplied by onsite electrolysis, or from a German offshore wind park, or an Australian solar park with ammonia as hydrogen carrier. The study is of interest to life cycle assessment (LCA) practitioners, policymakers, and industries’ management who are involved in regulating, planning, implementing, and operating projects which aim to produce fuels using hydrogen from electrolysis (so‐called ‘e‐fuels’). The influence of assumptions in the RED‐II delegated act regarding recycled carbon fuels and renewable liquid and gaseous fuels of non‐biological origin on the carbon footprint results is examined. The RED‐II assumption regarding the credits for captured CO2 after 2041 indicate that DAC‐based concepts are advantageous with respect to BFG, although the LCA results indicate the opposite. Using green hydrogen from nearby locations reduces carbon footprints more than faraway locations due to transport‐related emissions.
Efficacy of Xenogeneic Collagen Matrices in Augmenting Peri‐Implant Soft Tissue: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Dadlani Shashi , Joseph Betsy , Anil Sukumaran
Published: August 2024

Background

Xenogenic collagen matrices (XCMs) are gaining popularity for soft tissue augmentation in dental implants; yet, gaps exist in our understanding of their comparative effectiveness.

Objective

This systematic review and meta‐analysis focuses on studies that utilize soft tissue augmentation techniques for dental implants to improve keratinized mucosa width (KMW), soft tissue thickness (STT), and soft tissue volume (STV). We compared porcine collagen matrices with autogenous grafts when no bone grafts were utilized.

Materials and Methods

We searched databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials published between January 2013 and July 2023 that assessed the efficacy of XCM in peri‐implant soft tissue augmentation. The primary outcome included KMW changes while the secondary outcome was STT/STV changes. Statistical analyses were conducted using a random‐ or fixed‐effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics.

Results

Nine studies were included in the qualitative analysis, and six were included in the meta‐analysis. No significant intergroup differences were observed (p > 0.05), but a significant difference was observed in favor of KMW ≥ 2 mm. Heterogeneity among the studies varied at the 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups, with I2 values of 78% and 0%, respectively. The pooled mean difference between the XCM and autograft groups was −0.96 (−1.71 to −0.21), which shows that there was a larger increase in KMW in the autograft group compared with the XCM group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Collagen matrices are less effective than autogenous grafts at increasing keratinized tissue and STT/STV, but the two techniques yield comparable aesthetic outcomes. Additional studies are necessary to better guide clinical practice and improve patient outcomes.
Low Salivary IgA Levels Against PAc (361–386) as a Risk Factor for Root Caries in Older Adults
Authors: Ichikawa Yu , Kaneko Noboru , Thwin Kaung Myat , Senpuku Hidenobu , Nohno Kaname , Ogawa Hiroshi
Published: August 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the intricate relationship between salivary IgA antibody levels to PAc (361–386) (PPA), mutans streptococci colonization, and root caries development in older adults.

Materials and Methods

This study included 307 participants aged 76 years residing in Niigata city, Japan. Clinical oral examinations were performed at baseline in 2004 and 1 year later, during which the total number of untreated and treated root caries was assessed using the root decayed, filled tooth (DFT) index. The stimulated saliva samples were collected using the spitting method during the baseline survey. Salivary IgA antibody levels to amino acid residues 361–386 of Streptococcus mutans PAc were quantified using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses, including the χ2 test, Mann–Whitney U test, and logistic regressions, were performed to examine the association of increased root DFT with the independent variables.

Results

Among the 307 participants (53.1% men), the mean root DFT at baseline was 3.77 ± 3.66, and 36.5% of the study sample exhibited increased root DFT after 1 year with a mean increment of 0.36 ± 0.48. Participants with increase in root DFT after 1 year had significantly higher rates of low PPA levels (≤ 25th percentile) than those without increased root DFT (p = 0.020). Low PPA levels (≤ 25th percentile) were significantly more likely to have an increased risk of root caries development compared with PPA levels > 25th percentile (adjusted OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.09–3.25).

Conclusion

Low PPA levels and root caries incidence correlated significantly, suggesting that low levels of salivary IgA antibody to PAc (361–386) may serve as a risk factor for increased root caries in older adults.
Induced Periodontitis in Rats With Three Ligature Types: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Chatzaki Natalia , Stavropoulos Andreas , Denes Balazs , Cancela José , Kiliaridis Stavros , Giannopoulou Catherine
Published: August 2024

Background

The placement of ligatures in the cervical area of rat molars is considered as a predictable model to induce periodontitis.

Objectives

The present explorative study aimed to compare the efficacy of metal wires (MWs), without or with sandblasting, versus silk ligatures (SLs) in inducing periodontal bone loss in rats.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐four Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of eight rats that received three different types of ligatures (MW, sandblasted wire [SMW], and SL) around their first right mandibular molar, while the contralateral tooth was left without the ligature and served as a control. Bone loss was assessed by measuring the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the bone crest at the distal aspect of the first molar on central mesiodistal sections generated from micro‐CT scans taken 24 and 35 days after ligature placement.

Results

In the SL group, only in two rats the ligatures were retained until the end of the 24‐day period; in all other animals, the ligatures were lost at some time point. In the SMW, the ligatures were retained only for the 24‐day period. In the MW group, no ligatures were lost. Irrespective of the group or experimental period, the difference in the crestal bone level between ligated and control teeth was in most cases z < 0.20 mm, that is, in 19 out of 25 pairs of teeth. In a few cases, the bone crest was more apically located at the control teeth compared to the ligated ones (four cases each, during both 24‐ and 35‐day experimental periods).

Conclusions

Bone loss was minimal during the experimental period, with no significant differences between the test and control teeth, or among the three types of ligatures. MWs, not even roughened, do not seem to be a better alternative to SLs for inducing bone loss in the experimental periodontitis model in the rat. This assumption, however, has to be confirmed in a larger, well‐powered study.
Comparison of population photosynthesis characteristics and grain yield of wheat under various sowing dates and seeding rates
Authors: Liu Ying , Cai Wei , Zhu Kuanyu , Xu Yunji , Wang Weilu , Zhang Hao , Gu Junfei , Wang Zhiqin , Liu Lijun , Zhang Jianhua , Zhang Weiyang , Yang Jianchang
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the effects of sowing dates and seeding rates on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A field experiment was conducted with three sowing dates—early sowing date (SD‐E), normal sowing date (SD‐N), and delay sowing date (SD‐D)—and three seeding rates—90 low seeding rate (SR‐L), 108 moderate seeding rate (SR‐M), and high seeding rate 126 kg ha−1 (SR‐H). The results revealed that the grain yield at SR‐L in the SD‐E regime, SR‐M in the SD‐N regime, and SR‐H in the SD‐D regime was increased by 7.48%–9.93%, 14.1%–16.7%, and 19.0%–41.6%, respectively, compared to other combinations under the same sowing date. Consistent with the yield performance, the aboveground biomass accumulation, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) accumulation in stems, and NSC remobilization amount from anthesis to maturity were the highest at SR‐L in the SD‐E, at SR‐M in the SD‐N, or at SR‐H in the SD‐D regime, among other treatment combinations. Improved canopy photosynthetic characteristics (i.e., leaf area index, leaf photosynthetic rate, canopy photosynthetically active radiation interception rate, and radiation use efficiency) were also observed at the SR‐M in the SD‐N or at SR‐H in the SD‐D regime. Collectively, a suitable sowing date combined with an optimum seeding rate could enhance grain yield, and increasing the seeding rate could mitigate the yield loss when sowing was delayed by optimizing traits photosynthesis in wheat.
Bilateral rectangular shape dielectric resonator antenna coupled with offset microstrip lines for wideband circular polarization
Authors: Sani Md. Muzammil , Chowdhury Rakesh , Chaudhary Raghvendra Kumar
Published: August 2024

In this work, an offset microstrip line coupled bilateral rectangular‐shaped dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) is designed for broadband circular polarization (CP), which is fabricated and experimentally verified. The vertical microstrip is added in an offset position to generate orthogonal modes and the fundamental modes TEx111 and TEy111. The generation of orthogonal modes designates the antenna structure as a CP antenna with orthogonal modes. Moreover, the location of the microstrip feed arrangement is used to control the polarization state in the proposed work. In the proposed design, the simulated and hand‐measured input impedance bandwidth(|S11| ≤ −10 dB) obtained is 32.6% (3.53–4.9 GHz) and 33.2% (3.56–4.98 GHz), respectively, whereas the simulated and measured axial ratio (AR ≤ 3 dB) shows 16.1% (3.71–4.36 GHz) and 17.03% (3.7–4.39 GHz) of axial ratio bandwidth, respectively. This design shows a consistent radiation pattern and good average gain, with acceptable agreement between simulation and hand‐measured results. The simulated result shows 94% radiation efficiency in the working frequency range.
Duodenitis associated with ulcerative colitis and pouchitis after total colectomy successfully treated with upadacitinib: A case report
Authors: Kojima Kentaro , Takada Jun , Otani Kiichi , Masuda Naoya , Tezuka Yukari , Onishi Sachiyo , Kubota Masaya , Ibuka Takashi , Shimizu Masahito
Published: August 2024

A 27‐year‐old man had ulcerative colitis (UC) 1 year prior and underwent a colectomy and two‐stage ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis for medically refractory UC 6 months ago. He visited our department with epigastric pain and discomfort, increased stool frequency, and bloody diarrhea. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed continuous diffuse friable mucosa, erosions, and edema in the duodenum, and pouchoscopy revealed multiple ulcers and purulent mucus adhesions. Based on endoscopic and pathological findings, the patient was diagnosed with duodenitis associated with UC and pouchitis, for which he received oral prednisolone (40 mg/day) and ciprofloxacin. The frequency of stools and occurrence of bloody diarrhea reduced, and epigastric pain and discomfort improved after 2 weeks. However, when prednisolone was discontinued, the symptoms worsened, albumin level decreased, and C‐reactive protein level increased. Following this, we administered a 20 mg prednisolone sodium phosphate enema once daily, and the patient's symptoms improved. However, the symptoms relapsed when the enema was discontinued. Assuming that the patient had steroid‐dependent duodenitis associated with UC and pouchitis, we initiated upadacitinib. His symptoms improved within a few days, and biomarkers returned to normal after 1 month. Nine months after initiating the upadacitinib treatment, endoscopic remission was achieved in the mucosa of the duodenum and pouch. The patient has been in clinical remission for 1 year without any adverse events.
Bubble blasts! An adaptation for buoyancy regulation in shallow foraging gray whales
Authors: Bird Clara N. , Pirotta Enrico , New Leslie , Bierlich K. C. , Hildebrand Lisa , Fernandez Ajó Alejandro , Torres Leigh G.
Published: August 2024

Foraging efficiency is key to animal fitness. Consequently, animals evolved a variety of kinematic, morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations for efficient locomotion to reduce energy expenditure while moving to find, capture, and consume prey. Often suited to specific habitat and prey types, these adaptations correspond to the terrain or substrate the animal moves through. In aquatic systems, adaptations focus on overcoming drag, buoyancy, and hydrostatic forces. Buoyancy both benefits and hinders diving animals; in particular, shallow divers constantly contend with the costs of overcoming buoyancy to dive and maintain position. Pacific Coast Feeding Group (PCFG) gray whales forage in shallow habitats where they work against buoyancy to dive and feed using various foraging tactics. Bubble blasts (underwater exhalations) have been observed during several foraging tactics performed by PCFG whales. As exhalations aid buoyancy regulation in other diving animals, we hypothesize that bubble blasts are performed by longer, more buoyant whales in shallower water and that bubble blasts increase dive duration while accounting for size and tactic. We test our hypotheses using Bayesian linear mixed effects models and a 7‐year dataset of drone footage containing concurrent individual morphological and behavioral data. We find that while headstanding – a stationary, head‐down tactic – bubble blasts are performed by longer, more buoyant whales and extend the dive duration, whereas whales using forward‐swimming tactics are less likely to bubble blast. Our results suggest that PCFG gray whales may use bubble blasts as a behavioral adaption to mitigate the cost of energetically expensive tactics in their shallow habitat foraging niche.
Species distribution models predict genetic isolation of Hetaerina vulnerata Hagen in Selys, 1853 (Odonata, Calopterygidae)
Authors: Biddy Austin R. , Manthey Joseph D. , Ware Jessica L. , McIntyre Nancy E.
Published: August 2024

Understanding how past and current environmental conditions shape the demographic and genetic distributions of organisms facilitates our predictions of how future environmental patterns may affect populations. The Canyon Rubyspot damselfly (Odonata: Zygoptera: Hetaerina vulnerata) is an insect with a range distribution from Colombia to the arid southwestern United States, where it inhabits shaded mountain streams in the arid southwestern United States. Past spatial fragmentation of habitat and limited dispersal capacity of H. vulnerata may cause population isolation and genetic differentiation, and projected climate change may exacerbate isolation by further restricting the species' distribution. We constructed species distribution models (SDMs) based on occurrences of H. vulnerata and environmental variables characterizing the species' niche. We inferred seven current potential population clusters isolated by unsuitable habitat. Paleoclimate models indicated habitat contiguity in past conditions; projected models indicated some habitat fragmentation in future scenarios. Seventy‐eight H. vulnerata individuals from six of the current clusters were sequenced via ddRADseq and processed with Stacks. Principal components and phylogeographic analyses resolved three subpopulations; Structure resolved four subpopulations. FST values were low (<0.05) for nearby populations and >0.15 for populations separated by expanses of unsuitable habitat. Isolation by distance was an existing but weak factor in determining genomic structure; isolation by environment and the intervening landscape explained a significant proportion of genetic distance. Hetaerina vulnerata populations were shown to be isolated by a lack of tree canopy coverage, an important habitat predictor for oviposition and territoriality. Thus, H. vulnerata populations are likely separated and are genetically isolated. Integrating SDMs with landscape genetics allowed us to identify populations separated by distance and unsuitable habitat, explaining population genetic patterns and probable fates for populations under future climate scenarios.
Disease progression in chronic heart failure is linear: Insights from multistate modelling
Authors: Kazmi Syed , Kambhampati Chandrasekhar , Rigby Alan S. , Cleland John G.F. , Kazmi Khurram S. , Cuthbert Joe , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Clark Andrew L.
Published: August 2024

Aims

Understanding the pattern of disease progression in chronic heart failure (HF) may inform patient care and healthcare system design. We used a four‐state Markov model to describe the disease trajectory of patients with HF.

Methods and results

Consecutive patients (n = 4918) were enrolled (median age 75 [67–81] years, 61.3% men, 44% with HF and reduced ejection fraction). We generated a model by observing events during the first 2 years of follow‐up. The model yielded surprisingly accurate predictions of how a population with HF will behave during subsequent years. As examples, the predicted transition probability from hospitalization to death was 0.11; the observed probabilities were 0.13, 0.14, and 0.16 at 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively. Similarly, the predicted transition intensity for rehospitalization was 0.35; the observed probabilities were 0.38, 0.34, and 0.35 at 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively. A multivariable model including covariates thought to influence outcome did not improve accuracy. Predicted average life expectancy was approximately 10 years for the unadjusted model and 13 years for the multivariable model, consistent with the observed mortality of 41% at 5 years.

Conclusions

A multistate Markov chain model for patients with chronic HF suggests that the proportion of patients transitioning each year from a given state to another remains constant. This finding suggests that the course of HF at a population level is more linear than is commonly supposed and predictable based on current patient status.
Ventilation strategies in cardiogenic shock: Insights from the AltShock‐2 registry
Authors: Sacco Alice , Montisci Andrea , Tavecchia Giovanni , Frea Simone , Bernasconi Davide , Colombo Costanza N.J. , Bertolin Stephanie , Viola Giovanna , Villanova Luca , Briani Martina , Patrini Lisa , Bocchino Pier Paolo , Sorini Dini Carlotta , D'Ettore Nicoletta , Bertaina Maurizio , Iannaccone Mario , Potena Luciano , Bertoldi Letizia , Valente Serafina , Camporotondo Rita , Marini Marco , Pagnesi Matteo , Metra Marco , De Ferrari Gaetano , Oliva Fabrizio , Morici Nuccia , Pappalardo Federico , Tavazzi Guido ,   on behalf of AltShock‐2 Investigators
Published: August 2024

Aims

To describe the use and the relation to outcome of different ventilation strategies in a contemporary, large, prospective registry of cardiogenic shock patients.

Methods and results

Among 657 patients enrolled from March 2020 to November 2023, 198 (30.1%) received oxygen therapy (OT), 96 (14.6%) underwent non‐invasive ventilation (NIV), and 363 (55.3%) underwent invasive mechanical ventilation (iMV). Patients in the iMV group were significantly younger compared to those in the NIV and OT groups (63 vs. 69 years, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between groups regarding cardiovascular risk factors. Patients with SCAI B and C were more frequently treated with OT and NIV compared to iMV (65.1% and 65.4% vs. 42.6%, respectively, p > 0.001), while the opposite trend was observed in SCAI D patients (12% and 12.2% vs. 30.9%, respectively, p < 0.001). All‐cause mortality at 24 h did not differ amongst the three groups. The 60‐day mortality rates were 40.2% for the iMV group, 26% for the OT group, and 29.3% for the NIV group (p = 0.005), even after excluding patients with cardiac arrest at presentation. In the multivariate analysis including SCAI stages, NIV was not associated with worse mortality compared to iMV (hazard ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval 0.85–4.56), even in more severe SCAI stages such as D.

Conclusions

Compared to previous studies, we observed a rising trend in the utilization of NIV among cardiogenic shock patients, irrespective of aetiology and SCAI stages. In this clinical scenario, NIV emerges as a safe option for appropriately selected patients.
Front Deflector Effects on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines: A Reynolds‐Averaged Navier–Stokes Simulation Study
Authors: Zhang Lidong , Yang Zhixiang , Tian Shilin , Li Wenfeng , Chen Guoqi
Published: August 2024

Flow control devices have garnered significant attention from domestic and international wind energy scholars. In an effort to capture more wind energy and boost the output power of wind turbines, this study incorporates flow control devices into the upstream area of the wind turbine. The study then assesses the impact of the spacing, tilt angle, and height of the flow control devices on the turbine's performance. The study demonstrates that the addition of flow control devices does lead to a notable enhancement in wind turbine power, with a maximum power output growth rate of 9.74%. The maximum growth rates for the average output power of the wind turbine due to the three factors (α, H, and Lw) are 4.20%, 3.76%, and 3.54%, respectively. The degree of influence of the three factors is as follows: α > H > Lw.
Characteristics analysis of flame propagation and its coupling effect with other parameters in LPG pipeline
Authors: Bi Haipu , Mao Wei , Cao Yujie , Zhang Qingqing , Tian Lei , Wang Kaimin , Xie Xiaolong
Published: August 2024

To study the flame propagating characteristic and its coupling effect with other parameters in the LPG pipeline, a typical pipeline model with two equal‐length branches perpendicular to each other is designed for experiment and simulation. Then, gas explosion scenarios are experimentally tested and numerically simulated, which is followed by the analysis of flame shape changing with time and peak temperature changing with space. Results show that when passing through the bifurcation, flame propagates to vertical branch B in a sharp knife shape affected by the strong vortex, reflected airflow, and compressed pressure wave in the pipeline with a diameter of 0.125 m. At the monitoring point that is 0.4 m away from the bifurcation point, the peak temperature of the vertical branch B is 57.87% bigger than that of the horizontal branch C, and its arrival time is 80% longer than that of the horizontal branch C, due to the existence of flame in vertical branch B. What's more, in both branches, the coupling results between peak temperature and peak velocity agree very well with the growth function, while the coupling results between peak temperature and peak pressure agree well with the decay function, providing aids to the optimal layout design of industrial pipeline branches as well as to the explosion suppression measures.
Evolution of riparian vegetation in response to anthropogenic effects: The Taleqan River, Iran
Authors: Darabi Shahmari Sahar , Ghanavati Ezatollah , Ahmadabadi Ali
Published: August 2024

During the last decades, human interventions, such as dam construction and land‐use change, have caused changes in geomorphic patterns and riparian zones in many rivers in Iran. This study aimed to assess the spatio‐temporal evolution of riparian vegetation and the spatial area of biogeomorphic feedback windows (BFWs) located in the riparian Salicaceae vegetation patches and their traits responding to human interventions in the Taleqan River during 1990–2022. The river was divided into five reaches using the geomorphic unit system (GUS) method, and the river sensitivity index (SI), location of BFWs, vegetation typology and main cover typology were investigated in the reaches using aerial photographs and satellite images from 1990 to 2022. For this purpose, the main cover typology was classified into grassland, woody vegetation, bank‐attached bars, islands, vegetated islands, river channels and urban areas. The stem diameter and density, degradation level and longitudinal/latitudinal alluvial bars in each of the BFWs were investigated using the field survey. Based on the findings, the lowest values of the SI (braiding index [BI], channel activity [CA] and channel width [CW]) and the highest expansion of BFWs were observed in the upstream reaches of the Taleqan River. Human disturbances in these reaches were less than in the reaches downstream, allowing the expansion of vegetation habitats. The vegetation patches were unstable and scattered in the midstream and downstream, and the width decrease of the river channel was created by land‐use change and channelization. A significant direct relationship was observed between BFW establishment, stem diameter and density, and vegetation height. The BFWs create an opportunity for engineer vegetation to prevent erosion and expand new habitats by creating biogeomorphic accumulation landforms and trapping alluvial bars on the lee side of engineer woody vegetation. This study highlights the interactions between riparian areas and hydrogeomorphic processes within riparian corridors exposed to human disturbances to help better define a comprehensive plan for river management.
Soybean extract inhibits influenza virus entry: Mechanistic insights
Authors: Sakata Natsumi , Horio Yuka , Yamaji Ryoichi , Isegawa Yuji
Published: August 2024

Influenza viruses pose significant public health threats because they can cause seasonal outbreaks and global pandemics. Current preventive measures, including vaccines and antiviral drugs, are limited by their low efficacy and the emergence of drug‐resistant viruses. Addressing these issues necessitates the development of novel preventive and treatment methods. Our previous work highlighted the inhibitory effects of soybean hydrothermal extract on influenza virus growth. In this study, we aimed to delve into the mechanism underlying the antiviral activity, specifically the inhibition of viral entry. Our findings reveal that soybean extract significantly inhibited the stages of viral entry during a viral infection and hindered virus uptake by cells. Fluorescence microscopy of stained viral nucleoproteins demonstrated viral localization on the cell membrane in soybean‐treated cells, highlighting a distinctive pattern compared to the control cells where the virus was internalized. Soybean extract targeted the clathrin‐dependent endocytosis pathway, as evidenced by 76% inhibition using a clathrin‐dependent marker (transferrin). The identification of soybean inhibitors underscores the need for further investigation and offers potential for innovative antiviral interventions.
Geopolitical Risk and Extreme Risk Connectedness Among Energy and Other Strategic Commodities: Fresh Sight Using the High‐Dimensional CoVaR Model
Authors: Zheng Qingying , Wu Jintao , Lin Boqiang
Published: August 2024

Existing studies on commodity market risk spillovers recognize the pivotal role of geopolitical risk (GPR), but scarcely address how it drives tail risk spillover networks. This study adopts the Tail‐Event driven NETwork methodology to explore high‐dimensional Conditional Value at Risk (CoVaR) spillovers within energy and other strategic commodity markets. Our findings indicate that (1) In both lower and upper tail networks, metal and food commodities primarily act as net risk transmitters, whereas energy commodities are mainly net risk receivers. Additionally, these roles undergo short‐term reversals during periods of heightened market uncertainty. (2) There exists an asymmetrical pattern of CoVaR co‐movements in these commodity markets. The total connectedness (TC) in both the upper and lower tails demonstrates distinct responses to various extreme events. GPR tends to weaken the lower tail TC and strengthen the upper tail. (3) Incorporating GPR substantially improves the effectiveness of Minimum Connectedness Portfolio (MCoP) for these strategic commodities.
An Analysis of Utility Capital (In)efficiency
Authors: Melocik Nick
Published: August 2024

Determining the optimal allocation of financial resources to support growth in demand and improve operational efficiency is a strategic and intricate challenge for utilities. Unlike other industries in which return on invested capital (ROIC) and capital turnover ratio are standard metrics of capital efficiency, the utility sector operates under unique regulatory constraints that render these measures less applicable.
The End of Chevron Deference and its Impact on the Energy Industry
Authors: Smead Richard G.
Published: August 2024

As is currently well known, on June 28 the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the Chevron Deference, a key foundation of modern administrative law for 40 years. The case, Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo (Loper Bright), had nothing to do with energy, but the impact of the decision has significant implications in the energy arena. The order follows a steady drumbeat of U.S. Supreme Court decisions issued during this term and in recent prior ones curbing the regulatory enforcement capabilities of Executive Branch agencies. But while this is a landmark case and would be expected to lead to a host of new legal challenges to agency rules and actions, its practical effect might result in being more nuanced, maybe with some wholly unexpected consequences.
Hippocampal neurogenesis modulated by Quinic acid: A therapeutic strategy for the neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Iftikhar Kanwal , Niaz Maryam , Shahid Maha , Zehra Sumbul , Afzal Taj , Faizi Shaheen , Simjee Shabana Usman
Published: August 2024

Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) reside in the brain and participate in the mechanism of neurogenesis that permits the brain to generate the building blocks for enhancement of cognitive abilities and acquisition of new skills. The existence of NPCs in brain has opened a novel dimension of research to explore their potential for treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. The present study provides novel insights into the intracellular mechanisms in neuronal cells proliferation, maturation and differentiation regulated by Quinic acid (QA). Furthermore, this study might help in discovery and development of lead molecule that can overcome the challenges in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The growth supporting effect of QA was studied using MTT assay. For that purpose, hippocampal cell cultures of neonatal rats were treated with different concentrations of QA and incubated for 24, 48 and 72 h. Gene and protein expressions of the selected molecular markers nestin, neuron‐specific class III beta‐tubulin (Tuj‐1), neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), neuronal differentiation 1 (NeuroD1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuroligin (NLGN) and vimentin were analyzed. QA‐induced cell proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal progenitor cells was also accompanied by significantly increased expression of progenitor and immature neuronal marker, mature neuronal marker and differentiating factor, that is, nestin, Tuj‐1, NeuN and NeuroD1, respectively. On the other hand, vimentin downregulation and constant GFAP expression were observed following QA treatment. Additionally, the effects of QA on the recovery of stressed cells was studied using in vitro model of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). It was observed that hippocampal cells were able to recover from OGD following the treatment with QA. These findings suggest that QA treatment promotes hippocampal neurogenesis by proliferating and differentiating of NPCs and recovers neurons from stress caused by OGD. Thus, the neurogenic potential of QA can be explored for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Sociodemographic and clinical features related to hepatitis B virus infection among rejected blood donors in Luanda, Angola
Authors: Jandondo Domingos , Pimentel Victor , Vigário João , Vienga Pedro , Sebastião Joana M. K. , Mateus Anabela , Comandante Felícia , Sacomboio Euclides , Abecasis Ana , Manico Eunice , Machado Deodete , David Zinga , de Vasconcelos Jocelyne Neto , Morais Joana , Sebastião Cruz S.
Published: August 2024

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a public health concern. Blood donors screened for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) along with aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) could play a key in providing safe blood products. We investigated the features related to HBV infection among rejected blood donors in Luanda, Angola.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study conducted with 164 rejected donors. Donors were screened for HBsAg from March to May 2022. Overall, 63.4% tested positive for HBV.

Results

The mean age of the HBV‐positive (29.2 ± 8.02) was lower than the HBV‐negative (33.9 ± 10.0) (p < 0.001). Donors between 20 and 40 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.34, p = 0.045), females (OR: 1.40, p = 0.516), residents in urbanized areas (OR: 1.23, p = 0.530), low educational (OR: 1.54, p = 0.458), unemployed (OR: 1.65, p = 0.271), and unmarried (OR:1.41, p = 0.616) might be likely to contract HBV. AST/ALT ratio was higher in HBV‐infected (2.07 ± 1.42) than in HBV‐uninfected (1.90 ± 1.14). About 20% of HBV‐positive were classified as having acute liver disease, while 80% with chronic liver disease, based on AST/ALT ratio. Age ranged from 20 to 40 years (OR: 1.97, p = 0.305), females (OR: 1.61, p = 0.557), donors from non‐urbanized (OR: 1.69, p = 0.557), a low educational (OR: 1.64, p = 0.571), and unemployed donors (OR: 1.81, p = 0.289) were likely to develop chronic liver disease.

Conclusions

Our findings indicated the failure of viral hepatitis control measures. Authorities should consider including HBV nucleic acid testing to ensure early identification of HBV in Angola.
Mixed convective heat transfer in a square cavity filled with power‐law fluids under active flow modulation
Authors: Mia Md. Nasim , Abdullah Muhammad , Das Arpita , Mahmood Fahim Tanfeez , Hasan Mohammad Nasim
Published: August 2024

The current study presents a computational investigation of mixed convective heat transfer in a square enclosure containing power‐law fluid. An active flow modulator is employed in the form of a flat plate with negligible thickness, and the mixed convection is achieved through clockwise rotation of the plate. The rotation of the plate is modeled by incorporating a moving mesh technique. The solution is then obtained by applying the Finite Element Technique under the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian framework. Numerical validation is performed with contemporary research studies consisting of rotating plates to justify the accuracy of the present study. The study is conducted at constant Prandtl number Pr = 1.0 and Reynolds number Re = 500 while varying the power‐law index (0.6 ≤ n ≤ 1.4) and the Richardson number (0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 10.0). The results have been presented in terms of the flow and thermal fields, spatially averaged Nusselt number, spatially averaged power consumption by the plate, and the velocity and temperature profile in the enclosure. The numerical findings indicate that a higher Richardson number encourages heat transfer. For the shear‐thinning fluid, a 37% thermal augmentation is observed in comparison to the Newtonian fluid at Ri = 10. However, in the case of shear‐thickening fluid, thermal performance was reduced by 21.13%. Small thermal oscillations are observed in naturally dominated mixed convection for shear‐thinning fluids, but none are observed for shear‐thickening or Newtonian fluids. In addition, the findings demonstrate that the flow modulator has a positive impact on heat transfer for the shear‐thickening fluids (n > 1) and an adverse effect for the shear‐thinning fluids (n < 1). Furthermore, the power consumption decreases as Ri increases, and it becomes negative beyond Ri = 1.0 due to the increase in natural convection strength.
A multicenter, prospective, non‐interventional real‐world study to assess the effectiveness of mecapegfilgrastim in preventing neutropenia in patients with gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Mao Chenyu , He Ye , Xu Nong , Yan Haijiao , Zhang Ningling , Cheng Gang , Jiang Hua , Chen Minbin , Chen Yong , Wang Xiaoguang , Gu Yulan , Shen Peng , Zhang Guifang , Yan Jun , Yang Zhe , Ding Lifang , Han Zhengxiang , Wang Zhanggui , Zhang Junqi , Zheng Weie , Wang Jufeng , Qin Shukui
Published: August 2024

Background

Mecapegfilgrastim, a long‐acting granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor has been approved for reducing the incidence of infection, particularly febrile neutropenia (FN), in China.

Objective

We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study to examine the safety and effectiveness of mecapegfilgrastim in preventing neutropenia in gastrointestinal patients receiving the chemotherapy, including S‐1/capecitabine‐based regimens or the fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI)/fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX)/fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRINOX) regimens.

Method

Five hundred and sixty‐one gastrointestinal patients from 40 sites across China, between May 2019 and November 2021, were included. The administration of mecapegfilgrastim was prescribed at the discretion of local physicians.

Results

The most common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of any grade for all patients was increased white blood cells (2.9%). Grade 3/4 ADRs were observed for anemia (0.2%), decreased white blood cells (0.2%), and decreased neutrophil count (0.2%). Among the 116 patients who received S‐1/capecitabine‐based chemotherapy throughout all cycles, ADRs of any grade included anemia (1.7%), myalgia (0.9%), and increased alanine aminotransferase (0.9%). No grade 3/4 ADRs were observed. In 414 cycles of patients who underwent S‐1/capecitabine‐based regimens, only one (0.2%) cycle experienced grade 4 neutropenia. In the FOLFIRINOX, FOLFOXIRI, and FOLFOX chemotherapy regimens, grade 4 neutropenia occurred in one (2.7%) of 37 cycles, four (4.7%) of 85 cycles, and two (1.2%) of 167 cycles, respectively.

Conclusion

In a real‐world setting, mecapegfilgrastim has proven effective in preventing severe neutropenia in gastrointestinal patients following chemotherapy. This includes commonly used moderate or high‐risk FN regimens or regimens containing S1/capecitabine, all of which have demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety profiles.