bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability and change over time of weight and BMI among adolescents and adults with Prader-Willi syndrome: a 6-month text-based observational study
Authors: Vrana-Diaz Caroline J. , Balasubramanian Priya , Kayadjanian Nathalie , Bohonowych Jessica , Strong Theresa V.
Published: September 2020

Background

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder in which hyperphagia (excessive appetite) is a hallmark feature. Understanding how weight changes over time in this population is important for capturing the contemporary natural history of the disorder as well as assessing the impact of new treatments for hyperphagia. Therefore, we aimed to determine the feasibility of a remote assessment of weight change over time in PWS.

Methods

We developed a text message-based, prospective cohort study of adolescents and adults with PWS to assess changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) over a six-month period. Weight was collected weekly, while changes in height, living situation, access to food, activity level, and medication were collected at three-month intervals.

Results

One hundred and sixty-five participants enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 19.7 years (range 12–48). There was considerable variability in weight across participants (range: 76.8–207.7 kg). Thirty-three percent of the participants were normal weight, while 15% were overweight and 52% were obese. Overall, the weight of the study participants increased over the study period (mean weight change + 2.35%), while BMI was relatively stable, albeit high (mean BMI of 31.4 at baseline, mean BMI percent change + 1.42%). Changes in living situation, activity, food access, and medication had limited impact on weight and BMI changes. Multivariable analysis found that time, sex, age, and percentage of life on growth hormone (GH) therapy were statistically significant fixed effects. Participants submitted more than 95% of possible weight data points across the 26 weeks of the study.

Conclusions

This remote, observational study of weight change in PWS showed small increases in weight and BMI over a six-month period. Participants were highly compliant with this text message-based study, suggesting that mobile technology-based data collection was manageable for the participants. We anticipate that the results of this study will inform clinical trials for hyperphagia/obesity related therapies in PWS and provide a basis for understanding the efficacy of new therapies for hyperphagia in the real-world setting.
Pediatric otogenic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a case report and a literature review
Authors: Castellazzi Massimo Luca , di Pietro Giada Maria , Gaffuri Michele , Torretta Sara , Conte Giorgio , Folino Francesco , Aleo Sebastiano , Bosis Samantha , Marchisio Paola
Published: September 2020

Background

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in children is a rare but potentially fatal complication of acute mastoiditis, one of the most common pediatric infectious diseases. Due to its subtle clinical presentation, suspicion is essential for a prompt diagnosis and appropriate management. Unfortunately, no standard treatment options are available. To discuss the possible clinical presentation, microbiology, and management, we here report the case of a child with otogenic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and perform a literature review starting from 2011.

Case presentation

The child, a 10-months-old male, presented clinical signs of right acute otitis media and mastoiditis. Brain computed tomography scan detected right sigmoid and transverse sinus thrombosis, as well as a subperiosteal abscess. Fusobacterium necrophorum and Haemophilus Influentiae were detected on cultural sampling. A multidisciplinary approach along with a combination of medical and surgical therapy allowed the patient’s full recovery.

Conclusion

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a rare but severe complication of acute otitis media and mastoiditis. The management of this pathological condition is always challenging and an interdisciplinary approach is frequently required. Current therapeutic options include a combination of medical and surgical therapy. A patient-centered approach should guide timing and treatment management.
LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 affects cell proliferation, apoptosis and fibrosis through regulating miR-18b-5p/SORBS2 axis and NF-ĸB pathway in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Jie Ran , Zhu Pengpeng , Zhong Jiao , Zhang Yan , Wu Hongyan
Published: September 2020

Background

It has been reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Our study aims to research the function of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in DN cells and the molecular mechanism.

Methods

Human glomerular mesangial cells (HGMCs) and human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) were cultured in high glucose (30 mM) condition as models of DN cells. KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) and miR-18b-5p levels were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The mRNA and protein levels of Sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 2 (SORBS2), Type IV collagen (Col-4), fibronectin (FN), transcriptional regulatory factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), Twist, NF-κB and STAT3 were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay for selecting the proper concentration of glucose treatment. Additionally, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry assay were employed to determine cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. The targets of KCNQ1OT1 was predicted by online software and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay.

Results

KCNQ1OT1 and SORBS2 were elevated in DN. Both knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 and silencing of SORBS2 restrained proliferation and fibrosis and induced apoptosis in DN cells. Besides, Overexpression of SORBS2 restored the KCNQ1OT1 knockdown-mediate effects on proliferation, apoptosis and fibrosis in DN cells. In addition, miR-18b-5p served as a target of KCNQ1OT1 as well as targeted SORBS2. KCNQ1OT1 knockdown repressed NF-ĸB pathway.

Conclusion

KCNQ1OT1 regulated DN cells proliferation, apoptosis and fibrosis via KCNQ1OT1/miR-18b-5p/SORBS2 axis and NF-ĸB pathway.
Efficient direct shoot organogenesis and genetic stability in micropropagated sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.)
Authors: Restrepo-Osorio Catalina , Gil-Correal Alejandro , Chamorro-Gutiérrez Lina , Ramírez-Ríos Viviana , Álvarez Javier C. , Villanueva-Mejía Diego
Published: September 2020

Objective

It is necessary to improve biotech platforms based on in vitro cell tissue culture to support sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) research programs and draw on the nutritional value of the high polyunsaturated fatty acid content of its oilseed. Here, we developed a rapid and efficient method for induction and direct in vitro shoot development for this species.

Results

Shoots were generated from hypocotyl explants. The highest organogenic response was obtained in woody plant medium supplemented with 1 mg/L thidiazuron and 0.5 mg/L zeatin supplemented with L-glutamine, adenine hemisulfate, and L-arginine. Shoots obtained using this medium were transferred and subcultivated with different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid and 1-naphthylacetic acid for rooting. For the first time, a histological analysis was performed supporting direct organogenic development in this species. The plantlets obtained were transferred ex vitro with a survival percentage of 80%. The genetic stability of the plants recovered was confirmed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. All results indicate that it would be possible to stimulate direct shoot formation from hypocotyls to support the sustainable use of this species.
Artificial immune network clustering based on a cultural algorithm
Authors: Deng Liyuan , Yang Ping , Liu Weidong
Published: September 2020

Data mining technology has been applied in many fields. Prototype-based cluster analysis is an important data mining method, but its ability to discover knowledge is limited because of the need to know the number of target data categories and cluster prototypes in advance. Artificial immune evolutionary network clustering is a clustering method based on network structure. Compared with prototype-based cluster analysis, it has the advantage of realizing unsupervised learning and clustering without any prior knowledge of data. However, artificial immune evolutionary network clustering also has problems such as a lack of guidance in the clustering process, fuzzy boundary sensitivity, and difficulty in determining parameters. To solve these problems, an artificial immune network clustering algorithm based on a cultural algorithm is proposed. First, three kinds of knowledge are constructed: normative knowledge is used to regulate the spatial range of population initialization to avoid blindness; state knowledge is used to distinguish the type of antigen, and immune defense measures are taken to prevent the network structure caused by noise and boundaries from being unclear; and topology knowledge is used to guide the antigen for optimal antibody search. Second, topology knowledge in the cultural algorithm is used to characterize the distribution of antigens and antibodies in space, and elite learning is used to improve the traditional clone mutation operator. Based on the shadow set theory, a method for adaptively determining the compression threshold is proposed. Finally, the results of simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithm can effectively overcome the above problems, and the clustering performances on a synthetic dataset and an actual dataset are satisfactory.
General decay synchronization of delayed BAM neural networks with reaction–diffusion terms
Authors: Mahemuti Rouzimaimaiti , Halik Azhar , Abdurahman Abdujelil
Published: September 2020

In this paper, general decay synchronization of delayed bidirectional associative memory neural networks with reaction–diffusion terms is studied. First, a useful lemma is introduced to determine the general decay synchronization of considered systems. Furthermore, a type of nonlinear controller is designed. Then, some sufficient conditions are obtained to insure the general decay synchronization of the drive–response systems via using Lyapunov functional method and Poincaré inequality. Finally, the obtained theoretical results are evaluated by giving one numerical example. The exponential synchronization, polynomial synchronization, and some other types of synchronization can be seen as special cases of the general decay synchronization.
Influence of heritability on occlusal traits: a systematic review of studies in twins
Authors: Santana Lucas Garcia , Flores-Mir Carlos , Iglesias-Linares Alejandro , Pithon Matheus Melo , Marques Leandro Silva
Published: August 2020

Background

The aim of this systematic review was to identify, evaluate, and provide a current literature about the influence of heritability on the determination of occlusal traits.

Materials and methods

MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, and Google Scholar were searched without restrictions up to March 2020. Studies with twin method were considered and the risk of bias assessment was performed using quality of genetic association studies checklist (Q-Genie). The coefficient of heritability (h2), model-fitting approaches, and coefficient correlation were used to estimate the genetic/environmental influence on occlusal traits. The GRADE tool was used to assess the quality of the evidence.

Results

Ten studies met the eligibility criteria. Three studies presented good quality, five moderate quality, and two poor quality. Most studies have found that the intra-arch traits, mainly the maxillary arch morphology, such as width (h2 16–100%), length (h2 42–100%), and shape (h2 42–90%), and the crowding, mainly for mandibular arch (h2 35–81%), are under potential heritability influence. The traits concerning the inter-arch relationship, as overjet, overbite, posterior crossbite, and sagittal molar relation, seem not to be genetically determined. The certainty of the evidence was graded as low for all outcomes.

Conclusions

Although weak, the available evidence show that the heritability factors are determinant for the intra-arch traits, namely, arch morphology and crowding. Possibly due they are functionally related, the occlusal traits concerning the maxillary and mandibular relationship seem to have environmental factors as determinants. In this scenario, early preventive approaches can offer a more effective and efficient orthodontic treatment.
Low levels of CD72 and CD100 expression on circulating lymphocytes in immunosuppressive phase of sepsis is associated with mortality in septic patients
Authors: Yang Yang , Chen Jiajun , Tang Manli , Yi Chengla , Gao Wei , Bai Xiangjun , Li Zhanfei , Yang Fan
Published: September 2020

Background

Despite improvements in antimicrobial therapy and supportive care, sepsis is still a major public health issue. Recently, CD100 and its receptor in the immune system CD72 were shown to play a major role in immune regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical correlations of CD72 and CD100 on circulating lymphocytes of septic patients.

Methods

In total, 24 healthy controls and 54 septic patients were enrolled in this study. Considering the focus of the current study was on the immunosuppressive phase of sepsis, blood samples of patients were collected at days 3–4 after the onset of sepsis. The levels of CD72 and CD100 expression on circulating lymphocytes were measured by flow cytometry and serum IL-6, IL-10, and immunoglobulin M levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Our results showed that the levels of CD100 expression on T cells and CD72 expression on B cells were significantly lower in septic patients. Similarly, a significant decrease in the expression levels of CD72 and CD100 was observed in non-survivors compared with survivors. In addition, the reduction of immunoglobulin M levels and lymphocyte counts were correlated with the low CD72 and CD100 expression levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the percentage of CD100+/CD8+T cells and CD72+/CD19+B cells were independent predictors of 28-day mortality in septic patients. Simultaneously, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the combination of the percentage of CD100+/CD8+T cells and sequential organ failure assessment score had the best predictive value of mortality risk.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that the decrease of the levels of CD72 and CD100 expression on circulating lymphocytes after 3–4 days of sepsis had a close correlation of the 28-day mortality of septic patients. Thus, CD72 and CD100 are promising biomarkers for assessing the prognosis of patients with sepsis.

Trial registration

Peripheral blood lymphocytes analysis detects CD72 and CD100 alteration in trauma patients; ChiCTR1900026367; Registered 4 October 2019;http://www.chictr.org.cn.
3D flame reconstruction and error calculation from a schlieren projection
Authors: Alvarez-Herrera C. , Herrera-Aguilar J. L. , Moreno-Hernández D. , Contreras-García A. V. , Murillo-Ramírez J. G.
Published: September 2020

In this work a 3D flame reconstruction is performed from a 2D projection of the hot gases of a combustion flame. The projection is obtained using an optical schlieren technique. In this technique, a schlieren image is integrated linearly to obtain the hot gases, and then, a temperature field. Each row of the matrix representing the temperature distribution is fitted with a specific function, and its respective error is calculated. In this way, the projected matrix can be represented with the fitted functions. As a result of the procedure used in this research, a slice of the flame is obtained by assuming a cylindrical symmetry of it and multiplying the fitted function by itself. Finally, it was evaluated the mean error in calculations of temperature intensity in the flame under the cylindrical symmetry assumption obtaining an accuracy of 96% which validates the efficiency of our method.
Depth-dependent EBIC microscopy of radial-junction Si micropillar arrays
Authors: Powell Kaden M. , Yoon Heayoung P.
Published: September 2020

Recent advances in fabrication have enabled radial-junction architectures for cost-effective and high-performance optoelectronic devices. Unlike a planar PN junction, a radial-junction geometry maximizes the optical interaction in the three-dimensional (3D) structures, while effectively extracting the generated carriers via the conformal PN junction. In this paper, we report characterizations of radial PN junctions that consist of p-type Si micropillars created by deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE) and an n-type layer formed by phosphorus gas diffusion. We use electron-beam induced current (EBIC) microscopy to access the 3D junction profile from the sidewall of the pillars. Our EBIC images reveal uniform PN junctions conformally constructed on the 3D pillar array. Based on Monte-Carlo simulations and EBIC modeling, we estimate local carrier separation/collection efficiency that reflects the quality of the PN junction. We find the EBIC efficiency of the pillar array increases with the incident electron beam energy, consistent with the EBIC behaviors observed in a high-quality planar PN junction. The magnitude of the EBIC efficiency of our pillar array is about 70% at 10 kV, slightly lower than that of the planar device (≈ 81%). We suggest that this reduction could be attributed to the unpassivated pillar surface and the unintended recombination centers in the pillar cores introduced during the DRIE processes. Our results support that the depth-dependent EBIC approach is ideally suitable for evaluating PN junctions formed on micro/nanostructured semiconductors with various geometry.
Prefilled Cyclic Olefin Sterilized Syringes of Norepinephrine Injection Solution Do Not Need to Be Stabilized by Antioxidants
Authors: Larmené- Beld Karin H. M. , van Berkel Stefan , Wijnsma Rommert , Taxis Katja , Frijlink Henderik W.
Published: August 2020

Norepinephrine is a potent α-sympathomimetic drug which plays an important role in the acute treatment of hypotension and shock. Commercially available norepinephrine solutions contain sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) as an antioxidant. However, prefilled cyclic olefin polymer syringes are not compatible with sodium metabisulfite. The aim of this study was to develop a new formulation of 0.1-mg/mL norepinephrine solution without sodium metabisulfite which is chemically stable and sterile and can be stored in prefilled polymer syringes. Formulation studies were performed with 0.1-mg/mL norepinephrine solution with 0, 0.05, or 0.1% ascorbic acid added as antioxidant. The syringes were filled under nitrogen gassing, stored at 20 ± 5°C, and protected from daylight. Based on the formulation test results, the final formulation was defined and stability testing at 20 ± 5°C was performed measuring norepinephrine concentration, pH, clarity, color of the solution, subvisible particles, and sterility at time intervals up to 12 months. The norepinephrine concentrations at t = 22 weeks were 100.4%, 95.4%, and 92.2% for the formulations with no ascorbic acid and with 0.05% and 0.10% ascorbic acid, respectively. Three batches for the stability study were produced containing norepinephrine, sodium edetate, sodium chloride, and water for injections filled under nitrogen gassing and stored at 20 ± 5°C. Norepinephrine concentrations were respectively 98.8%, 98.6%, and 99.3% for batches 1, 2, and 3 at t = 12 months. It can be concluded that norepinephrine (0.1 mg/mL) solution without metabisulfite is stable for at least 12 months at room temperature when protected from daylight.
Technocratic Economics
Authors: Morgan Mary S.
Published: September 2020

Twentieth-century economics has been characterized as developing an engineering mentality, but this history suggests the importance of distinguishing between a design approach and a problem-solving approach. The former is to be found in economists tasked with reconstructing broken economies (from war or depression) as well as creating “modern” economies in postwar developmental states. The latter is marked by the development of engineering-type tools to solve particular economic problems. While the former mode came into its own in mid-century, and lost confidence in later years, the latter grew up from the early part of the century and maintains its kudos. Accounting for this history depends in part on multiple and sometimes complex intersections between economists and other disciplines. But at least as important were the economic and political events of the century, which molded economists’ experiences and fostered their ambitions to make their technocratic economics usable in the world. This involved more than fashioning “tools” to solve specific problems, more than making “cameras” to describe and analyze the world, but even creating “engines” to help design and run economies.
Composite Nanoarchitectonics: Alginate Beads Encapsulating Sepiolite/Magnetite/Prussian Blue for Removal of Cesium Ions from Water
Authors: Boukhalfa Nadia , Darder Margarita , Boutahala Mokhtar , Aranda Pilar , Ruiz-Hitzky Eduardo
Published: September 2020

Multicomponent sepiolite/magnetite/Prussian blue (PB) were prepared following the nanoarchitectonics approach by incorporating PB pigment to sepiolite fibers previously assembled with magnetite, being later encapsulated within in situ formed calcium alginate beads. These composites were characterized by diverse physicochemical techniques, showing homogeneous dispersion of the assembled nanoparticles (NP) on the surface of sepiolite fibers, the formed Ca-alginate beads exhibiting stability and superparamagnetic response. Based on the affinity of PB toward cesium ions, these beads were tested as selective adsorbent to remove Cs+ from water under different experimental conditions. The maximum adsorption capacity of the beads for Cs+ ions determined by Langmuir equation was around 130 mg/g. The resulting beads maintain a constant adsorption capacity over a large domain of pH, i.e. from 4 to 11. The mechanism of Cs+ removal could be mainly ascribed to the complexing ability of PB, although in minor extent also to cation-exchange properties of sepiolite as well as to interactions with residual carboxylic groups from the alginate biopolymer matrix. The resulting multicomponent composite can be considered as an efficient, economic, ecologic and easily recoverable adsorbent for the removal of Cs+ ions from solution, including radioactive 137Cs, and therefore contributing to environmental remediation of pollution caused in nuclear plants.
Modifiable factors associated with weight regain after bariatric surgery: a scoping review
Authors: Kaouk Lisa , Hsu Amy T. , Tanuseputro Peter , Jessri Mahsa
Published: September 2020

Background: Although bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity, weight regain may still occur. While non-modifiable factors associated with weight regain have been explored, modifiable factors responsible for weight regain are understudied. This scoping review aimed to identify modifiable behaviors associated with weight regain after bariatric surgery.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane, National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT) and Practice-based Evidence in Nutrition (PEN) which included articles published between January 1990 and February 2 2017, for studies examining “weight regain” after bariatric surgery. A total of 293 citations were retrieved. Eligible articles must have examined modifiable factors and addressed weight regain, or a long-term post-operative phase in which weight regain may occur. After removing duplicates, 22 studies were included for thematic analysis.

Results: Key modifiable factors associated with weight regain were identified and categorized under the following themes: poor dietary adherence (e.g. excessive calorie, carbohydrate, and alcohol intake), maladaptive eating behaviors (e.g. grazing, binging), lack of on-going follow-up with the bariatric team and insufficient physical activity.

Conclusions: Health professionals and self-monitoring tools for patients who have undergone bariatric surgery may benefit from these findings to direct their education and interventions to target behavior change.
Cyclic stroke mortality variations follow sunspot patterns
Authors: Geronikolou Stella , Leontitsis Alexandros , Petropoulos Vasilis , Davos Constantinos , Cokkinos Dennis , Chrousos George
Published: September 2020

Mapping time-structures is a burgeoning scientific field enriching the (P4) medicine models. Local evidence in Mediterranean populations is underinvestigated. The Censed stroke-related death events (D) in the largest East-Mediterranean port (Piraeus), during (1985-1989), when local population had diet and genetic homogeneity-been interrupted by the immigration into Greece in 1990s, and Sunspot numbers indexed by Wolf numbers (Rz) (1944-2004), were evaluated using Fast Fourier Analysis and Singular Spectrum Analysis in MATLAB. D were turned with fluctuations >35% in Rz. A non-anthropogenic 6.8 days cycle was recognized. This study may be taken into consideration in future public health planning and chronotherapy evaluations.
Surfacing the Submerged State: Operational Transparency Increases Trust in and Engagement with Government
Authors: Buell Ryan W. , Porter Ethan , Norton Michael I.
Published: September 2020

Problem definition: As trust in government reaches historic lows, frustration with government performance approaches record highs. Academic/practical relevance: We propose that in coproductive settings such as government services, people’s trust and engagement levels can be enhanced by designing service interactions to allow them to see the often-hidden work—via increasing operational transparency—being performed in response to their engagement. Methodology and results: Three studies, conducted in the field and laboratory, show that surfacing the submerged state through operational transparency impacts citizens’ attitudes and behavior. Study 1 leveraged proprietary data from a mobile phone application developed by the City of Boston, Massachusetts, through which residents submit service requests; the city’s goal was to increase engagement with the app. Users who received photographs of government addressing their service requests submitted 60% more requests and in 38% more categories over the ensuing 13 months than users who did not receive photographs. These significant increases in engagement persisted for 11 months following users’ initial exposure to operational transparency and were highest for users who had experienced government to be at least moderately responsive to their requests in the past. In study 2, residents of Boston who interacted with a website that visualized both service requests (e.g., potholes and broken street lamps) and efforts by the city’s government to address those requests became 14% more trusting and 12% more supportive of government. Moreover, residents who received additional transparency into the growing backlog of service requests that government was failing to fulfill, revealing government to be less responsive, were no more nor less trusting and supportive of government than residents who received no transparency. Study 3 replicated findings from the first two studies and documented underlying mechanisms: operational transparency increases trust and engagement by two causal pathways—through consumers’ increased perceptions of effort by the government and through increased perceptions that engaging with it is impactful. Responsiveness increases feelings of personal efficacy, which boosts willingness to engage both directly and indirectly through the other causal paths. Managerial implications: Taken together, our results suggest that showing more work performed by government—via operational transparency—encourages people to do more work themselves. These results have implications for the design of a broad array of coproductive services where operations are hidden and consumer trust and engagement are critical.
Factors Responsible for Childhood Malnutrition:
A Review of The Literature
Authors: Ghosh Smritikana
Published: September 2020

Children are the future of any nation. A malnourished child is not only a problem of present-day society, but also an issue for the future. However, approximately one-third of the world’s children are malnourished. Malnourishment can be measured in terms of nutrition and weight. In general, people believe that a lack of money—that is, financial poverty—is the main reason for childhood malnutrition. Nevertheless, most studies addressing this topic report that socio-economic factors are the major cause of childhood malnutrition worldwide. This study analyses how some of these socio-economic factors affect childhood malnutrition and identifies the major steps taken by the authorities of different countries to eliminate these causes. A review of the literature shows that a mother’s knowledge of her children’s health, her education level, and her place of residence are some of the major factors impacting children’s nutrition level. A literature review shows that among all types of malnutrition measurements, stunting indicates the long-term impact of consistent malnutrition most effectively. The governments of several countries as well as international organisations are trying to overcome this problem through the implementation of various programs; however, more thorough intervention is required.
The Effect of Various Dosages of Poly-Cereal Raw Materials on the Drying Speed and Quality of Cooked Pasta During Storage
Authors: Ospanov Abdymanap A. , Muslimov Nurzhan Zh. , Timurbekova Aigul K. , Mamayeva Laura A. , Jumabekova Gulnara B.
Published: September 2020

This article explores the influence of poly-cereal pasta ingredients on drying kinetics and finished product quality. The experiments were carried out on three formulations of poly-cereal flour mixtures with the addition of 25% dry wheat gluten during drying at temperatures of 40, 50 and 60°C. The quality of the cooked pasta is assessed using sensory analysis and the score methods. According to the results of studying the rheological properties, the drying rate increases with increasing drying temperature. The maximum drying duration before reaching a moisture level of 10% corresponds to the formulation containing barley and peas. Sensory analysis on quality assessment showed that pasta with a high content of millet and oats received the highest score 93. Other mixtures also received good grades, indicating a balanced composition of all formulations. The optimum drying temperature for these mixtures was found to be 60° C from the point of view of preserving the nutritional properties, quality characteristics of dry food products and energy efficiency in industrial production.
O DUPLO COMO O CRIMINOSO: UMA ANÁLISE DO LIVRO A METADE SOMBRIA, DE STEPHEN KING
Authors: Scheuer Deves Maristela
Published: September 2020

Desde a antiguidade, a figura do duplo marca presença no imaginário humano, nas suas mais variadas formas e denominações – sombra, reflexo, sósia, irmão gêmeo, outro, Doppelgänger. Ela também se faz presente na arte em geral e na literatura em particular, em especial a partir do século XIX, com o duplo representando o lado sombrio que habita em cada um de nós, os nossos desejos mais obscuros (vide, por exemplo, o clássico romance O médico e o monstro – o estranho caso de Dr. Jekyll e Mr. Hyde, dr Robert Louis Stevenson). Saltando para o século XX, no livro A metade sombria, que analisamos no presente ensaio, o escritor Stephen King retoma o duplo em sua mais pura essência, incluindo aquela da convivência tumultuada entre o ser original e sua duplicata, nos moldes do que fez Edgar Allan Poe no conto “William Wilson”. O Doppelgänger, em King, começa com um “duplo” corriqueiro, o pseudônimo, mas logo envereda pelo insólito quando esse pseudônimo sai de uma tumba em que foi enterrado simbolicamente e ressurge como um ser à parte, cruel e que não hesita em matar quem se interpõe em seu caminho. Os crimes, é claro, são de início atribuídos ao personagem principal, Thad, que terá muito trabalho para provar que não foi ele e sim seu duplo, Stark, quem cometeu os assassinatos.
ALBERT CAMUS NO ENTREMEIO DA AUTORIA MULTILETRADA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA DIDÁTICO-METODOLÓGICA
Authors: De Morais Caroline , Marques Juliene Da Silva
Published: September 2020

Resumo: O presente estudo tem como objeto de análise uma prática didático-metodológica aplicada em duas turmas do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio Integrado do IFRS, campus Vacaria. A proposta contou com o estudo da obra O estrangeiro, de Albert Camus, e teve como objetivo romper com a perspectiva do ensino literário tradicional para fazer uso dos multiletramentos literários a fim de desenvolver a autoria estudantil. Para o desenvolvimento do projeto, levaram-se em conta metodologias de ensino que colocassem os estudantes como protagonistas da ação, considerando seu contexto de produção de sentidos, sua bagagem cultural e as linguagens multimidiáticas que costumam utilizar. Desse modo, registram-se, nesta experiência, aportes teóricos direcionados ao ensino da Literatura, bem como embasamentos no que se referem aos letramentos literários, aos multiletramentos e à construção da autoria. Como registro da proposta, usam-se, para análise, mapa conceitual e recortes de enquadramento de vídeos produzidos pelos discentes com base na obra estudada. Diante do fechamento do projeto, constatou-se o envolvimento dos participantes para com a atividade, bem como seu desenvolvimento autoral, que fez com que sentidos outros fossem promovidos para a leitura, interpretação e atualização da obra analisada de maneira multimodal.Palavras-chave: Práticas leitoras; Autoria estudantil; Multiletramentos; O estrangeiro.
“AGORA INÊS É MORTA”: MARCAS (QUASE IRREVERSÍVEIS) DE FORMAÇÃO E DE AFETO EM CONTOS ILUSTRADOS PARA CRIANÇAS
Authors: Feres Beatriz Dos Santos
Published: September 2020

Partindo-se do pressuposto de que os bens culturais direcionados prioritariamente para crianças são instrumentos de socialização por meio dos quais são partilhados símbolos, estruturas comunicativas, comportamentos, crenças e valores, a composição verbo-visual dos textos ilustrados pode ser compreendida como arena propícia à problematização de temas relevantes para a infância e à inculcação de ideias referendadas por um grupo social. Para além do aspecto temático-ideológico, parece igualmente relevante destacar que, no conjunto formado pela palavra e pela imagem, são utilizadas estratégias discursivas especialmente voltadas para a captação do leitor iniciante e para a projeção persuasiva. Assim, neste artigo, pretende-se identificar estratégias verbo-visuais utilizadas para fazer saber, fazer crer e fazer sentir direcionadas à expressão do amor em narrativas cujo leitor preferencial é a criança. Para isso, propõe-se a análise dos contos ilustrados A lenda de Pedro e Inês, de Margarida Almeida e Margarida Lisboa Pina (Kadernu, 2014) e Inês, de Roger Mello e Mariana Massarani (Companhia das Letrinhas, 2015), nos quais se observam estratégias discursivas e poéticas utilizadas para a disseminação de um imaginário sensível. Fundamenta-se esta análise em Teorias da Literatura Infantil (COLOMER, 2017; RAMOS, 2011), na Teoria Semiolinguística de Análise do Discurso (CHARAUDEAU, 2007), na Sociologia da Comunicação (ESTEVES, 2016) e na Semiótica de base peirciana (PEIRCE, 2001; SANTAELLA; NÖTH, 2005).
Implantação de um canteiro medicinal didático em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do Distrito Federal: relato de experiência
Authors: Pinto Cabral Galante Yasmine , Henrique Aires Fernando , Villela Rodrigues Lígia , Kaippert Ilze , De Souza Lapa Juliana , Rego Deusdará Rodrigues Rodolfo
Published: September 2020

O uso das plantas para tratamento de enfermidades é uma prática comum no Brasil. No entanto, observa-se uma carência de profissionais capacitados para orientar o uso racional e seguro de espécies medicinais à população. Considerando a importância de ampliar o conhecimento sobre as plantas medicinais nos profissionais de saúde e comunidade adstrita, o estudo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência da implantação de um canteiro medicinal didático em uma unidade básica de saúde do Distrito Federal. Inicialmente, foi criado um grupo composto por uma residente em medicina de família e comunidade, uma terapeuta ocupacional e uma assistente social pertencentes ao núcleo de apoio à saúde da família. A implantação do canteiro foi realizada em quatro encontros os participantes do projeto, onde foi trabalhado o uso seguro e racional das plantas medicinais, além do cultivo, manejo e plantio das espécies estudadas no canteiro medicinal didático. A criação do canteiro medicinal proporcionou um ambiental ideal para a discussão de temas relacionados ao autocuidado, além disso, promoveu a capacitação dos profissionais neste assunto e evidenciou a carência por programas e modelos que versem sobre o tema.
Managing incontinence in people with dementia
Authors: Payne Drew
Published: September 2020

It is estimated that there are 850 000 people with dementia in the UK, and 53% of them have incontinence. Dementia adds an extra challenge to managing a patient's continence. This article discusses that challenge, looking at the nature and causes of incontinence, the effects that ageing has on continence and the associated complications. It then examines the nature of dementia and some of its causes and goes on to show how the symptoms of dementia can impact on a person's continence. The article highlights the important of conducting a thorough assessment of a person with dementia who experiences incontinence, including medical history, medications and symptom profile. Using a bladder diary, the importance of involving relatives and carers, physical examination and ‘red-flag’ symptoms to be aware of are also discussed. Lastly, this article talks about creating a strategy to manage a patient's incontinence, including prompted toileting, medication, using incontinence pads, catheterisation, care planning and supporting relatives and carers.
Effective communication between nurses and patients: an evolutionary concept analysis
Authors: Afriyie Dorothy
Published: September 2020

Communication can be considered as the basis of the nurse-patient relationship and is an essential element in building trust and comfort in nursing care. Effective communication is a fundamental but complex concept in nursing practice. This concept analysis aims to clarify effective communication and its impact on patient care using Rodgers's (1989) evolutionary framework of concept analysis. Effective communication between nurses and patients is presented along with surrogate terms, attributes, antecedents, consequences, related concepts and a model case. Effective communication was identified to be a multifactorial concept and defines as a mutual agreement between nurses and patients. This influences the nursing process, clinical reasoning and decision-making. Consequently, promotes high-quality nursing care, positive patient outcome and patient's and nurse's satisfaction of care.
Midwives' role in screening for antenatal depression and postnatal depression
Authors: Martin Caroline Joy Hollins , Norris Gail , Martin Colin Robert
Published: September 2020

This is an educational paper which aims to inform midwives of tools available to help them make appropriate provisional diagnosis of perinatal depression. A second aim of the paper is to increase midwives' awareness of the relatively newer diagnosis of antenatal depression (AND). Of additional clinical importance, midwives need to recognise that postnatal depression (PND) may be a continuation of AND. To date, screening for AND has received relatively little attention compared with PND, with the evidence-base supporting that the impact can be as severe. It is important for midwives to know that screening for AND can be undertaken using valid and reliable psychometric self-report depression screening questionnaires which have known validity characteristics and threshold cut-off scores. There are several of these tools available to help midwives make the decision about whether or not to refer the women to the mental health team. Current practice in the UK involves the midwife asking an initial short two-item ‘Whooley Question’ screen which, if indicates depression, can be followed up by the women completing a self-report depression screening questionnaire. To highlight their availability, a selection of valid and reliable psychometric self-report depression screening questionnaires are discussed herein, with it being important for midwives to develop a toolkit that can be given to women at clinics, in pamphlets, online or embedded into mobile applications.
Distribution model of the surface roughness in magnetorheological jet
polishing
Authors: Hai Kuo , Li Longxiang , Hu Haixiang , Zhang Zhiyu , Bai Yang , Luo Xiao , Yi Liqi , Yang Xi , Xue Donglin , Zhang Xuejun
Published: September 2020

Magnetorheological jet polishing (MJP) plays an important role in
polishing complex cavities and special optical elements with high
precision. However, the roughness distribution function that describes
the variation with polishing time of the roughness value of every area
in the polishing area has not been studied deeply. In this paper, the
influence of the roughness distribution on the removal function of MJP
in optics (with a roughness of less than 10 nm) and its evolution
model in the spatial and time domains are studied. With the increase
of polishing time, the surface roughness of the central area linearly
increases, forming surface defects, such as pits. The roughness of the
polishing area exhibits a limited growth trend. Verification
experiments are carried out on BK7 glass. The results of the roughness
distribution on the removal function prove the correctness of the
model. The model laid a foundation; therefore, it has important
guidance and reference value for the application to the whole aperture
polishing.
Optical monitoring of cerebral perfusion and metabolism in adults during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Rajaram Ajay , Milej Daniel , Suwalski Marianne , Yip Lawrence C. M. , Guo Linrui R. , Chu Michael W. A. , Chui Jason , Diop Mamadou , Murkin John M. , St. Lawrence Keith
Published: September 2020

During cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), adequate maintenance of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is vital in preventing postoperative neurological injury – i.e. stroke, delirium, cognitive impairment. Reductions in CBF large enough to impact cerebral energy metabolism can lead to tissue damage and subsequent brain injury. Current methods for neuromonitoring during surgery are limited. This study presents the clinical translation of a hybrid optical neuromonitor for continuous intraoperative monitoring of cerebral perfusion and metabolism in ten patients undergoing non-emergent cardiac surgery with non-pulsatile CPB. The optical system combines broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (B-NIRS) to measure changes in the oxidation state of cytochrome c oxidase (oxCCO) – a direct marker of cellular energy metabolism – and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) to provide an index of cerebral blood flow (CBFi). As the heart was arrested and the CPB-pump started, increases in CBFi (88.5 ± 125.7%) and significant decreases in oxCCO (−0.5 ± 0.2 µM) were observed; no changes were noted during transitions off CPB. Fifteen hypoperfusion events, defined as large and sustained reductions in CPB-pump flow rate, were identified across all patients and resulted in significant decreases in perfusion and metabolism when mean arterial pressure dropped to 30 mmHg or below. The maximum reduction in cerebral blood flow preceded the corresponding metabolic reduction by 18.2 ± 15.0 s. Optical neuromonitoring provides a safe and non-invasive approach for assessing intraoperative perfusion and metabolism and has potential in guiding patient management to prevent adverse clinical outcomes.
Continuous family of exact Dispersive Quasi-Normal Modal (DQNM) expansions for dispersive photonic structures
Authors: Duy Truong Minh , Nicolet André , Demésy Guillaume , Zolla Frédéric
Published: September 2020

In photonics, Dispersive Quasi-Normal Modes (DQNMs) refer to optical resonant modes, solutions of spectral problems associated with Maxwell’s equations for open photonic structures involving dispersive media. Since these DQNMs are the constituents determining optical responses, studying DQNM expansion formalisms is the key to model the physical properties of a considered system. In this paper, we emphasize the non-uniqueness of the expansions related to the over-completeness of the set of modes and discuss a family of DQNM expansions depending on continuous parameters that can be freely chosen. These expansions can be applied to dispersive, anisotropic, and even non-reciprocal materials. As an example, we particularly demonstrate the modal analysis on a 2-D scattering model where the permittivity of a silicon object is drawn directly from actual measurement data.
High-conversion-gain and deep-image-rejection Brillouin chip-based photonic RF mixer
Authors: Zhu Zihang , Choi Duk-Yong , Madden Stephen J. , Eggleton Benjamin J. , Merklein Moritz
Published: September 2020

In this Letter, we report a chip-based photonic radio-frequency (RF) mixer with a maximum conversion gain of

−

9

d
B

and image rejection ratio of 50 dB for 3.2 GHz to 13.2 GHz RF frequency range. This is achieved by the combined use of optical carrier suppression modulation and on-chip stimulated Brillouin scattering. These results will stimulate future implementations of integrated photonic RF mixers in complicated electromagnetic environments.
Auxology, Kurva Pertumbuhan, Antropometri, dan Pemantauan Pertumbuhan
Authors: Pulungan Aman Bhakti
Published: September 2020

Pertumbuhan anak adalah suatu proses dinamis. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana seorang anak bertumbuh dibandingkan dengan anak sebayanya, diperlukan kurva pertumbuhan sebagai alat pembanding. Kurva pertumbuhan telah digunakan dalam pemantauan perkembangan anak sejak abad ke-18. Berbagai kurva pernah dikembangkan, termasuk kurva referensi dan kurva standar, seperti kurva referensi nasional yang dikembangkan di banyak negara dan kurva standar World Health Organization (WHO) yang digunakan secara internasional sejak tahun 2006. Pemantauan pertumbuhan dilakukan dengan melakukan plot hasil pengukuran ke grafik pertumbuhan, selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan pengukuran sebelumnya. Oleh karena itu, pemantauan pertumbuhan anak secara berkala penting dilakukan. Pengukuran pertumbuhan dengan teknik yang tepat disertai dengan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik dapat mengenali gangguan pertumbuhan sejak dini. Deteksi dini gangguan pertumbuhan menjadi tugas penting orangtua dan tenaga kesehatan. Abnormalitas pertumbuhan juga dapat menandai adanya penyakit dasar yang bersifat kronik serius. Keterlambatan diagnosis dan tata laksana gangguan pertumbuhan menyebabkan potensi genetik anak untuk tinggi tidak tercapai dan anak menjadi pendek.