bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental and Energy Assessment of a Family House
Authors: Turcsanyi Peter , Sedlakova Anna , Kridlova Burdova Eva , Vilcekova Silvia
Published: September 2017

Term energy efficient building is well know from year 1991, when Austrian physicist Dr. Feist designed and built
first passive house, using current physical and practical knowledge. In the next 25 years buildings using principles of energy
efficient design have changed dramatically. In a good way. It is mandatory for Slovak Republic as a part of European Union
to act according European parliament directives. One of directives concerns lowering total energy consumption and emissions
in the building sector – Directive 2010/31/EU on Energy performance of buildings, also known as Directive
“20-20-20”. According to this directive, Slovak Republic has agreed to lower total energy consumption in building industry
by 20% until year 2020. Plan on lowering total energy consumption has affected creation of new – technical and energy efficient
building materials with emphasis on environmental load. It this paper, ultra-low-energy family house located in Košice,
Slovakia was assessed from environmental and energy point of view. With help on modern diagnostic methods and thermo-
physical simulation software DesignBuilder, we will virtually evaluate energy need of house throughout the reference
year, and indoor quality from the environmental point of view, such as CO2 levels and bounded energy using LCA method.
The Massive CO White Dwarf in the Symbiotic Recurrent Nova RS Ophiuchi
Authors: Mikołajewska Joanna , Shara Michael M.
Published: September 2017

If accreting white dwarfs (WDs) in binary systems are to produce type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), they must grow to nearly the Chandrasekhar mass and ignite carbon burning. Proving conclusively that a WD has grown substantially since its birth is a challenging task. Slow accretion of hydrogen inevitably leads to the erosion, rather than the growth of WDs. Rapid hydrogen accretion does lead to growth of a helium layer, due to both decreased degeneracy and the inhibition of mixing of the accreted hydrogen with the underlying WD. However, until recently, simulations of helium-accreting WDs all claimed to show the explosive ejection of a helium envelope once it exceeded

. Because CO WDs cannot be born with masses in excess of

, any such object in excess of

must have grown substantially. We demonstrate that the WD in the symbiotic nova RS Oph is in the mass range 1.2–1.4 M
☉. We compare UV spectra of RS Oph with those of novae with ONe WDs and with novae erupting on CO WDs. The RS Oph WD is clearly made of CO, demonstrating that it has grown substantially since birth. It is a prime candidate to eventually produce an SN Ia.
Minor Contribution of Quasars to Ionizing Photon Budget at z ∼ 6: Update on Quasar Luminosity Function at the Faint End with Subaru/Suprime-Cam
Authors: Onoue Masafusa , Kashikawa Nobunari , Willott Chris J. , Hibon Pascale , Im Myungshin , Furusawa Hisanori , Harikane Yuichi , Imanishi Masatoshi , Ishikawa Shogo , Kikuta Satoshi , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Nagao Tohru , Niino Yuu , Ono Yoshiaki , Ouchi Masami , Tanaka Masayuki , Tang Ji-Jia , Toshikawa Jun , Uchiyama Hisakazu
Published: September 2017

We constrain the quasar contribution to the cosmic reionization based on our deep optical survey of z ∼ 6 quasars down to z

R
 = 24.15 using Subaru/Suprime-Cam in three UKIDSS-DXS fields covering 6.5 deg2. In Kashikawa et al. (2015), we select 17 quasar candidates and report our initial discovery of two low-luminosity quasars (

) from seven targets, one of which might be a Lyα-emitting galaxy. From an additional optical spectroscopy, none of the four candidates out of the remaining 10 turn out to be genuine quasars. Moreover, the deeper optical photometry provided by the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) shows that, unlike the two already-known quasars, the i − z and z − y colors of the last six candidates are consistent with M- or L-type brown dwarfs. Therefore, the quasar luminosity function (QLF) measurement in the previous paper is confirmed. Compiling the QLF measurements from the literature over a wide magnitude range, including an extremely faint AGN candidate from Parsa et al. (2017), to fit them with a double power law, we find that the best-fit faint-end slope is

(

) and characteristic magnitude is

(

) in the case of two (one) quasar detection. Our result suggests that, if the QLF is integrated down to

, quasars produce ∼1%–12% of the ionizing photons required to fully ionize the universe at z ∼ 6 with a

confidence level, assuming that the escape fraction is

and the intergalactic medium clumpy factor is C = 3. Even when the systematic uncertainties are taken into account, our result supports the scenario that quasars are the minor contributors of the reionization.
The Living Experience as a design content: from concept to appropriation
Authors: Coelho Carolina
Published: September 2017

This article aims to analyse the concept of the living experience applied to architecture, throughout the whole building’s lifecycle, from the design brief and spatial conception envisioned by the architect, to its materialization, and finally to the spatial appropriation undertaken by the user(s) - whether as individuals or as a group. Hence, it will start by focusing on the concept’s state of the art for separate authors and study fields, pointing out their approaches to architecture, and it will then refer to authors whom have applied this concept to the architectural design. Secondly, it will identify different design approaches and practitioners that value the living experience from the brief, either by using the most traditional and timeless architectural tools to the most recent ones. Finally, this article will focus on the way to identify and assess the living experience by the user(s), according to the different meanings mentioned above, the goals of the research and the features of each architectural space. Particularly, since each project enables a particular spatial fruition, it will explore a specific case study of an artistic school recently rehabilitated, which beholds a precise and multi-layered environment, potentiating both the learning process and the life within it.
Soundwalking in virtual urban ambiances. Applying Game Engine Technologies in soundscape study
Authors: Signorelli Valerio
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this research is to develop a tool able to enhance the visual representation of urban environments through the auditory stimuli and dynamic components. Since the sixties, various qualitative studies have been conducted in order to reveal the role of the sonic environment in defining the physical and psychological wellbeing of the city-dwellers. Nevertheless, in urban planning practices and current regulations the sonic environment is often considered in term of pollutant (noise pollution) that need to be treated by applying quantitative approaches such as noise control strategies. The cause of this contradiction can be attributed, among other factors, by the lack of tools able to qualitatively describe the urban ambiances. The innovative technologies tested in this research, such as online location-based services and game engine systems, were used to develop devices able to provide a temporal and multimodal representation of the city. These devices explore the transposition, in a virtual environment, of the soundwalk conceived as an efficient technique for analyzing the sensible forms of the urban environment. The test of these digital tools allowed us to highlight limits and potentialities of the technologies employed.
Action Learning Coaching
Authors: Carter Angie Danielle
Published: September 2017

Action learning coaching is advocated as an aspirational means to develop novices and emergent leaders that builds personal capacity as well as ability to meet new challenges. In this chapter, action learning coaching will be considered in three different ways. The first marks a broad overview of action learning and coaching, along with its integrated practice. The second way presents a practical model of action learning coaching as an innovative method to fortify novices and emergent leaders in the workplace. Finally, insights are drawn from an action learning action research (ALAR) case study and an object lesson to show as to how five novices in human resource development (HRD) in roles such as instructional design and training and development gained heightened capacity and efficacy in performing their roles through action learning coaching.
Modeling Technology Integration in Teacher Preparation Programs
Authors: Estes Judi Simmons , Dailey-Hebert Amber
Published: September 2017

Teacher preparation programs are expected to prepare teacher candidates to integrate technology with instruction in meaningful ways to support PK-12 student learning (U.S. Department of Education, Office of Technology, 2017). Consequently, teacher candidates must experience technology in their teacher preparation coursework, including modeling by faculty, experiencing opportunities to practice integration through course assignments, and observing technology integration being implemented in K-12 classrooms. To accomplish these tasks, faculty must develop knowledge, skills, resources, and professional learning networks for themselves, including actively developing K-12 partnerships.
The Probabilistic Innovation Field of Scientific Enquiry
Authors: Callaghan Chris William
Published: September 2017

This paper outlines a developing stream of literature related to a theoretical framework, namely probabilistic innovation, relating it to certain literature critiquing developing academic fields and offering criteria against which a developing field can be held to be scientific or not. With ontological and epistemological roots in citizen science, participant-research and other emerging academic movements, probabilistic innovation theory is underpinned by a shift toward the democratisation of knowledge, increasing inclusivity and transparency in its processes, and a novel methodology drawing from methods such as expert crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, swarm solving and maximisation of efficiencies related to collaborations in research. With the enablement of real time research capability, or ability to solve serious scientific problems in hours and days instead of years and decades as its primary raison d'être, probabilistic innovation seeks to maximise probability of scientific breakthroughs. However, for this stream of literature to develop, it is important to proactively identify academic or scientific pitfalls facing developing areas of enquiry, and this paper attempts to offer this, deriving propositions potentially useful for developing fields in general. It is hoped real time research capability will one day become a reality, and to increase the likelihood of this, theoretical frameworks seeking this end need to face useful critique to ensure their robust development, and this paper proposed four core tensions such fields need to manage in order to successfully evolve.
ARTICULAÇÃO ENTRE APOIO MATRICIAL EM SAÚDE MENTAL E REDES DE ATENÇÃO À SAÚDE
Authors: Hirdes Alice , Da Rosa Silva Maira Kelly
Published: September 2017

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o apoio matricial em saúde mental na Atenção Primária à Saúde e a articulação às Redes de Atenção à Saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com apoiadores matriciais, tais como psicólogos e psiquiatras. Os instrumentos utilizados foram entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupo focal. Para o tratamento dos dados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Os resultados evidenciam as relações personalizadas e o estilo de trabalho das equipes como recursos imateriais que sustentam o trabalho; a potência do apoio matricial em Unidades de Saúde da Família; a necessidade de apoio sistemático longitudinal; a coordenação como um fator facilitador à descentralização em saúde mental. Os resultados mostram, também, a existência de três tipos de redes - centralizada, descentralizada e distribuída. Conclui-se que as redes imateriais construídas nas comunidades, por meio das relações e interações estabelecidas entre profissionais e usuários, sobrepõem-se às redes formais instituídas e apresentam potência de produção de vida.
PRIVATIZAÇÃO DAS PRISÕES BRASILEIRAS: OS DOIS LADOS DA MOEDA
Authors: Oliveira Hilderline Câmara de , Pereira Suêdja Kelly Paulino , Pereira Ilzamar Silva , Vascocnelos César Ricardo Maia de
Published: September 2017

Desde o início da década de 1990, no Brasil, a privatização se mostrou como saída emergencial para a crise dos serviços que o Estado não consegue oferecer de modo eficiente, como educação, saúde, transporte, e mais recentemente a seguridade social. A pauta em questão agora é a segurança pública. Não conseguindo atender a demanda de processos que passam pelo Poder Judiciário, os estabelecimentos prisionais brasileiros estão ficando cada vez mais superlotados; os serviços defasados; constantes rebeliões; alto índice de criminalidade; negação dos direitos humanos e violência estrutural gritante. Assim, o presente artigo tem como escopo refletir sobre os dois lados da “moeda”, acerca das privatizações das prisões, no cenário brasileiro. Foi utilizada a pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa e de caráter bibliográfico, com respaldo de referências teóricas da literatura especializada na área, além de documentos técnicos, de relatórios oficiais do governo e de ONG’s que realizam trabalhos de controle social. A pesquisa evidenciou que a privatização parece ser a melhor saída em curto prazo, podendo resolver diversos problemas sociais. No entanto, como pensar no retorno lucrativo que toda privatização exige, se seu objetivo principal é a diminuição do público-alvo? Logo, ou essa alternativa criará um mercado que, se der certo, dará fim a si mesmo, ou acabaremos criando uma lógica de encarceramento ainda mais perversa.
Study of Tensile Properties of Recycled Polypropylene with Glass Fibers at Different Temperature
Authors: Senkerik Vojtech , Stanek Michal , Ovsik Martin , Hylova Lenka
Published: September 2017

This research paper studies the influence of preparation method of recycled polymer material with glass fibers on the tensile properties of the final product. The recycled material was made from polypropylene, which originally contained 30 % of glass fibers. It was divided into fractions using size of the crushed particles. These fractions ranged from large particles, similar to the original material, to small dust particles. Measurements were performed at various temperatures. It was found that the mixture of dust particles showed a large decrease in measured properties. It is mainly due to shortening of the large glass fibers, so that it no longer fulfills its function as reinforcing filler. Conversely, mixture with larger particles did not show a significant decrease in properties compared to the original material.
Formation of Al-Ti-B Phases for Grain Refinement of Al Alloys Produced by High Energy Ball Milling
Authors: Arikoğlu Mesut , Apaydın Fatih , Özer Ali
Published: September 2017

In this experimental study, Al-Ti-B powders were ground in planetary ball mill to produce AlxTiyBz where x, y and z stands for the relative molar ratios of elements for the compilation of grain refiner compound. Powder size distribution, phase formation (XRD) and particle morphology was investigated by means of SEM and XRD. The fabrication of AlTiB phases and the grain refinement of Al alloys by adding this phase were aimed. For this purpose, the powders were fed to planetary ball mill to be milled at a speed of 600 rpm. The powders were also milled at different milling times as 30 min and 150 min either in metallic form or compound form of Al, Ti and B powders. The powders were dried after each milling to be characterized by SEM and XRD. The phases and morphology-elemental analysis were also conducted by XRD and SEM, respectively. Moreover, the powders were added to Al alloy castings avoiding the breaking through alloy series which are mainly used in aluminum industry. The Al alloy series were examined for grain refinement by Brinell hardness and optical microscopy for mechanical properties and grain formation as well as by SEM (EDS) for grain formation, morphology and elemental distribution analysis.
Innovative Research in the Field of Brazed Joints for Drill Bit
Authors: Tanasache Daniel Tihanov , Florea Carmen , Iovanaș Daniela Maria , Binchiciu Emilia Florina , Binchiciu Aurelia
Published: September 2017

The research followed the development of deep joint brazing joints with economic efficient materials between the reinforcement, made from sintered wolfram carbide, and the support, drill bit made from low alloy steel with chromium, from the earthmoving equipment. The brazing procedure selected is heating until the semi-products of the addition materials reach melting temperature, with oxyacetylene flame slightly carburized. The pressure of reducing manufacturing costs for drill bits highlighted the need to replace brazing alloys Ag156 according to SR EN ISO 17672 with coated rods type VIAg140R, which are less expensive and successively deposit two layers in one melt, one buffer layer and a filler layer. The buffer layer has a high moistening capacity of sintered wolfram carbides; it contains Ag156 that comes from the coat of the covered rods, in which it participates with up to 10%. The filler layer of the brazed joint is made out of Ag140. The global chemical composition of the deposited metal with VIAg140R complies with prescriptions SR EN ISO 17672 for Ag140. Metallographic analysis and sclerometric tries of specific area of the brazed joints did not highlight any embrittlement imperfections, which lead to the possibility of suggesting the new technology for brazing and extending it to a large number of similar joints
Analytical Description of the Bainite Transformation Kinetics in Steels 300M and D6AC
Authors: Kuklina Aleksandra A. , Maisuradze Mikhail V. , Yudin Yury V.
Published: September 2017

The most widely used equation for analytical description of the transformation kinetics of the metastable solid solutions (the steel austenite in particular) is Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (KJMA) equation [1]. However the practical analysis of the experimental isothermal bainite transformation kinetics often gives significant deviation from the conventional theory [2]. This problem can be solved by the derivation of an analytical function which would provide the best fit of the experimental results. Two analytical approaches describing the kinetics of bainite transformation in steels 300M and D6AC are proposed. The first one is based on an approximation of the experimental ln (-ln (1-Р)) vs. ln τ dependence by a second order polynomial function. The second approach is based on the solution of the differential equation y(x) = ay’(x)+b, where x= ln τ, y(x) = ln(-ln(1-P)). A comparison between the proposed approaches and Kolmogorov - Johnson - Mehl – Avrami equation is conducted. The adequacy of the two analytical models is estimated using Fisher ratio test.
Application of habitat mapping to coastal aquaculture research: case studies from eastern Canada
Authors: Barrell J , McKee A , Bravo F , Giroux C , Grant J
Published: September 2017

Management of marine finfish aquaculture requires high-quality spatial data to address interactions with local ecosystems, including aspects of both biological communities and ecosystem function. Understanding of the spatial distribution of effects is critical
for the implementation of marine spatial planning (MSP), where human activities are spatially managed to ensure sustainable use of resources. Conceptual and technological advances in habitat mapping have greatly increased the availability of marine spatial data, facilitating advances in several
areas of aquaculture research.
Multiple case studies will be presented highlighting the use of spatial habitat data for aquaculture research, ranging from local to bay-scale investigations. Particular focus will be given to various methods of spatial data collection, including single-beam acoustics as well as optical data from
satellites and UAVs. Mapping data is used alongside oceanographic data and model outputs to scale biogeochemical processes (e.g. benthic nitrogen cycling) in aquaculture areas. Substrate maps are also used to estimate habitat use around aquaculture sites by important wild species such as American
lobster (Homarus americanus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Spatial data also provide critical information for the management of fish health through epidemiological models of disease and pathogen transmission, crucial for ensuring sustainable aquaculture development in the marine environment.
Implications for future MSP efforts in Nova Scotia and Eastern Canada will be discussed along with plans for future research activities in the aquaculture sector.
Spectral discrimination of coral reef environment using derivative analysis
Authors: Cruz C , Tamondong A , Ticman K D , Go G A , Peralta R , Vergara M V , Cadalzo I
E , Songcuan A J , Quides R
R , Blanco A
Published: September 2017

Coral reefs are often called the 'rainforests of the sea' because they are among the most diverse and complex of all ecosystems. Coral reefs play a vital role in the coastal and marine ecosystem. The Philippines has the second largest coral reef area in Southeast
Asia which is estimated to be about 26,000 square kilometres. It lies within the Coral Triangle or the Indo-Malayan Triangle, a centre of marine biodiversity. However, reefs today are facing a wide and serious threats. Most of the coral reefs in the world are potentially endangered, mainly because
of the unsustainable human exploitation exacerbated by global climate change. Mapping of coral reefs provides information to support the protection, conservation and monitoring of this vulnerable benthic habitat. However, typical maps derived using remote sensing data only includes classification of
benthic communities due to the high level of complexity and spatial heterogeneity of the coral reef environment. Thus, there is a need to examine the reflectance properties or the spectral response of the different bottom types to serve as a reference for the characterization of the features.
This study was conducted to identify spectral characteristics of various reef components by determining the wavelength bands in discriminating coral reef types which can aid in a high-resolution mapping of features. It also proposed a standardized methodology for field measurements of the different
coastal habitats using a portable spectrometer in various sites of the Philippines. Spectral measurements of the different coral reefs were taken using the OceanOptics spectrometer unit with wavelength range of 200-1100 nanometres. The acquired spectral curves were divided into the following
classes: live corals, dead corals, sand, dead coral with algae, coral rubbles, and bleached corals. Twenty-five in-situ spectral measurements for each sample were averaged and smoothed using the Savitzky-Golay algorithm. This method fits a least square polynomial curve in smoothing the data and is a
function of filter size for the calculation of the curve equation, and the degree of polynomial to be used. After the smoothing process, the spectral properties of the measured benthic feature were evaluated using derivative analysis. This calculates the n-derivatives of the reflectance curves to
identify the optimal wavelengths for spectral discrimination. Results showed that there are differences in the optical characteristics among the coral reef types which could be used to improve the accuracy of classification and an efficient aid in mapping corals in the
country.
Regional-scale mapping of the sediments and biotopes of the Barents Sea through synthesis of existing data
Authors: Dolan M F J , Lepland A , Lepland A , Jørgensen L , Rybalko A , Lien V S , Ljubin P
Published: September 2017

Knowledge of the distribution of seabed sediments, benthic communities and their associated environment (biotopes) provides important baseline information for sustainable management of the oceans. The Barents Sea comprises a vast area of continental shelf
spanning international boundaries, where this type of information is in increasing demand for management related issues in these high-latitude waters. Synthesis of existing data originally obtained for other purposes can provide an important first step in making the required information available,
as well as helping to identify areas where further mapping should be prioritised.
We present two related regional-scale maps recently generated for a large part of the Barents Sea continental shelf where varying amounts of existing data were available from Norwegian and Russian institutions: (1) a map showing the distribution of seabed surface sediments (1:3,000,000), and (2) a
map showing the predicted distribution of benthic biotopes (4 km raster resolution) based on Random Forest modelling. The biotope map makes use of the sediment map as a key predictor variable, together with bathymetric, oceanographic and other environmental variables. Biotope classes are based on
species composition as identified from benthic trawl samples.
Compilation and synthesis of geo-referenced data from various sources can produce valuable results but can also lead to uncertainties in the resultant map products which are important to convey to data users. To support our thematic maps we present a confidence assessment of the foundation datasets
contributing to the sediment map. We also discuss further issues related to map confidence and scope for updating the maps as new data become available.
Cryptic or simply neglected diversity?
Authors: Fiorentino D , Gräwe U , Holstein J , Dannheim J , Wiltshire K
H , Brey T
Published: September 2017

The southern North Sea constitutes one of the best studied and data rich, but also most exploited marine areas globally. However, still we lack sufficient knowledge of core ecological features and processes, e.g., species distribution dynamics, environmental
drivers, and their links. Although meaningful management requires knowledge of the spatial structure and variability of the systems, the traditional approach sees species handled together according to the concept of ecological communities. Consequently, the scientific "handling" of the linkage
between environmental drivers and biota does neither consider nor test whether the targeted communities actually exist or are just artificial artifacts created by the classification process. Crisp classifications are used to identify and define "communities" adding the further limitation of
correctly setting a community border that possibly does not exist. But how valid is this approach? This is the question we tackle here.
We analyse a large data set of about 1150 grab samples of benthic macrofauna collected in the German Bight. We applied fuzzy logic to provide an unsupervised classification of any degree of species association. Random Forest aided in mapping all degrees of species association and to shed light on
their potential environmental drivers. Our approach overcomes the problem of crisp borders between communities. It classifies faunal associations in a continuous range from areas where one community can be well defined to areas where no community is distinguishable. One endpoint of this range is
characterized by associations with highly structured interactions and dependency between species. The other endpoint is characterized by associations assembled by random processes.
The German Bight benthos displays the full range of association types. Regions where random association of species occurs show higher small-scale spatial variability, which indicates higher turnover rates than areas characterized by communities. These findings raise important questions for
conservation strategies. Are these dynamic areas of higher "value"? How can conservation management account for a more complex spatial pattern as well as for the different turnover rates?
ATLAS: a trans-Atlantic assessment and deep-water ecosystem-based spatial management plan for Europe
Authors: Grehan A J ,   ATLAS Consortium, Roberts J
M
Published: September 2017

The ATLAS EU Horizon 2020 project, running from 2016 to 2020, has created a dynamic new partnership to assess the Atlantic's deep-sea ecosystems and Marine Genetic Resources and create the integrated and adaptive planning products needed for sustainable Blue
Growth. ATLAS is gathering diverse new information on sensitive Atlantic ecosystems (including Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) and Ecologically or Biologically Sensitive Areas (EBSAs)) to produce a step-change in our understanding of their connectivity, functioning and responses to future
changes in human use and ocean climate. Fully integrated spatial planning products built on basin and regional scales are needed to allow stakeholders to explore, and respond to, alternate scenarios of ocean dynamics and cross-sectoral Blue Growth.
The EU FP7 MESMA (Monitoring and Evaluation of Spatially Managed Areas) framework is being applied in case studies spanning the deep waters of the EU, US, Canada and ABNJs (NAFO and NEAFC regulatory areas) against the backdrop of potential climate change, to develop marine spatial planning scenarios
to support basin scale ecosystem based management. Initial plans for each case study are presented.
Applications of unmanned aerial vehicles for mapping coastal processes and intertidal marine habitats
Authors: Ierodiaconou D , Murfitt S , Allan B , Bellgrove A , Rattray A , Kennedy D , Howe S , Schimel A , Young M
Published: September 2017

To address increasingly complex research questions and global challenges (e.g. climate change and biodiversity loss), the development, refinement and need of new technology for monitoring marine coastal environments is increasing rapidly. Rapid advances in
low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology now allow for collection of centimetre resolution aerial imagery and topography suitable for assessing change in coastal ecosystems. We demonstrate the utility of UAV-based photogrammetry to quantify storm-driven sediment dynamics on sandy beaches
and assess biotic communities on intertidal platforms by comparing on ground measurements to those that can be achieved with UAVs.
Aerial imagery collected before and after major storm events is ideal for the assessment of coastal landscape change. High-resolution aerial imagery and digital surface models were acquired and change-detection techniques used to quantify change in the beachface following a high-magnitude event. An
average beach erosion of 12.24 m3/m with a maximum of 28.05 m3/m was observed, and the volume of sand cut from the beachface and retreat of the foredune are clearly illustrated. Following the storm event, erosion was estimated at 7,256± 504 m3 along 550 m of beach.
We also tested the utility of UAV remote sensing of intertidal reef platforms to traditional on-ground quadrat surveys for monitoring intertidal marine protected areas (MPA), and investigated the role of UAV derived geomorphological variables in explaining observed intertidal algal and invertebrate
assemblages. Sub centimetre aerial imagery and digital surface models were acquired from intertidal reef platforms, and on-ground quadrat surveys collected intertidal biotic data for comparison. UAV's provided reliable estimates of dominant canopy-forming fucoid alga such as Hormosira banksii,
however understorey species were often obscured and underestimated. UAV derived geomorphic variables showed elevation and distance to seaward platform edge explained 19.7% and 15.9% of the variation in algal and invertebrate assemblage observed.
We demonstrate the benefits of low-cost UAVs through rapid data collection, full coverage census, and generation of UAV geomorphic derivatives for characterising intertidal biological variation and sediment dynamics in the coastal zone.
Classifying the seafloor using a textural segmentation approach
Authors: Koop L , Snellen M , Simons D
Published: September 2017

Seabed habitat mapping using multi-beam echo-sounder data is a very active field of research with direct uses in protecting ecologically important areas, marine resource management, and to set legislation to safeguard the oceans.
For seafloor classification, it is important to use the best data possible but it is also important to extract the most information from the available data. Seafloor classification is often done by directly using backscatter, bathymetry, and bathymetric derivative data produced by multi-beam
echo-sounder systems. A way to extract more information from the above-mentioned data is to also use texture information from the bathymetry and/or backscatter.
In this study, texture based classification was performed on bathymetry data from the Borkumse Stenen and Bruine Bank within the Dutch sector of the North Sea. The method makes use of object-based image analysis (OBIA; using eCognition). The classification results are verified by using grab samples
from the DINOloket database.
The performance of texture based classification will be examined when bathymetry data alone is used as input. It will be further investigated if including texture based in conjunction with backscatter, and bathymetry based classification improves classification performance of currently existing
methods. It will also be examined if rule sets developed for one area of the sea can be used to classify the seafloor in another area and the effect that differing spatial resolutions of different datasets have on the portability of texture-based classification rule sets.
Mapping macroalgae beds and environmental factors for understanding the impact of climate change in the Arctic - a case study from Isfjorden (West Spitsbergen)
Authors: Kruss A , Wiktor J , Tatarek A , Wiktor J
Published: September 2017

Macroalgal beds are an important component of the coastal zone in Arctic regions. They provide habitats for a vast number of associated invertebrates and fishes and high amount of fresh organic carbon. Distribution of macroalgae is essential for estimating the
overall productivity of the Arctic area and for understanding processes occurring at the sea-shore interface. Moreover, macroalgae are sensitive to environmental changes. They can be good indicators of the health and evolution of an ecosystem. Changes in environmental factors (temperature, salinity,
turbidity, current velocity) may limit or influence their spatial distribution and health.
In July 2016, we carried out a multidisciplinary expedition to investigate macroalgae spatial distribution in Isfjorden and to measure significant environmental features influencing their occurrence. This survey was a first part of a 2-year monitoring project in Isfjorden and covered 3 sampling
areas inside the fjord, two on the south and one on the north.
During the expedition an overall area of 4.3km² was mapped using single- and multi-beam sonars. Modern processing techniques were used to analyze water-column data signals for kelp detection and to create a map of their spatial distribution related to bottom morphology and confirmed by
ground-truth data. Along with acoustic studies, we collected many underwater video recordings through all the depths in the euphotic zone. ADCP measurements in each sampling zone were carried out and 85 CTD profiles were collected.
We found considerable differences in kelp species abundance and distribution on the bottom between the northern and the southern parts of the fjord, where environmental conditions are significantly different. The southern part is influenced by salty, transparent shelf waters while the northern one
is under the influence of glaciers that bring fresh water with dense sediment suspension.
We would like to present not only the results of our work but also the methodology, as efficient data collection is crucial in difficult polar conditions.
Linking physical and biogenic habitats to reveal Kapiti Island's submarine landscape
Authors: Laferriere A , Lamarche G , Pallentin A , Geange S , Gardner J
Published: September 2017

Kapiti Island is one of New Zealand's most important small islands, hosting an ecologically important nature reserve that is juxtaposed by an equally important marine reserve. Although the geology surrounding Kapiti Island is dynamic with several active faults,
information about seafloor morphology dates from the 1990s and has a low level of detail. Identifying the geomorphology and biogenic habitats of an area are essential to understanding the processes influencing species' distributions, ecological interactions and managing the marine environment.
Through a collaborative mapping initiative, we mapped the seafloor using a Kongsberg EM2040 Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) to produce highly detailed maps of the reserve and surrounding area. Preliminary bathymetry data was visually analysed and segmented into 18 habitat types that were used to
ground-truth the multibeam and define biogenic habitats. Ground-truthing included 214 camera drops, 12 sled tows and 46 dives distributed over the 18 habitat types. We present here the compilation of ground-truthing and multibeam data to reveal the diversity of physical and biogenic habitats that
comprise the submarine landscape surrounding Kapiti Island, which include: soft sediments with associated infaunal communities, large areas of rock rubble and gravels with mobile invertebrates, extensive anemone and rhodolith beds, boulder fields with dense macroalgal stands, flat and complex rocky
reefs encrusted with a diversity of invertebrates and algae. This multidisciplinary and scalar approach supports a greater ability to effectively manage the area and promote awareness of the richness, diversity and complexity of the seafloor of the Kapiti Island region and the biota it
supports.
Advancements in CARIS SIPS backscatter and seabed classification
Authors: Leblanc E , Foster B , Viana F
Published: September 2017

Following the public release of SIPS Backscatter, a new algorithm for processing multibeam backscatter imagery, Teledyne CARIS has continued investment in this approach to provide reliable backscatter mosaics that can be used to support a variety of seabed
mapping tasks. A common need for seabed mapping includes seabed classification, by processing multibeam time series, beam average and multi-spectral data. Defining areas on the ocean floor with similar characteristics is a complex task involving several variables beyond pure sonar reflectivity: it
is common practice to also define underwater environments using delineation parameters such as water depth and slope. With that in mind, CARIS HIPS and SIPS are currently able to provide a single high resolution raster product containing depth, slope, and intensity. In terms of seabed
classification, this raster can be used as input to create acoustic classes based on the combination of layers such as depth, uncertainty, slope, aspect and intensity.
Integrating terrestrial and benthic habitat quality into coral reef restoration, conservation, and management
Authors: Leingang P , Dixson D L
Published: September 2017

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a major management and conservation tool used by governments around the world. The Fijian government, along with individual villages, have set up no-take MPAs within various coral reefs. Coral reefs within MPA boundaries are
usually healthier, have more coral cover, and support more diverse fish assemblages than their neighbouring, non-protected reefs. The absence of fishing pressure leads to higher overall reef health; but, what other processes are occurring within the MPAs?
Recent studies have shown that some larval reef fish express a preference towards the olfactory cues of vegetation that is native to their natal reef. Unpublished data also show that larval fish exhibit olfactory avoidance of many crop-plants within Fiji (i.e. mahogany, palm oil, coconut). Rainwater
runoff passes through the vegetation of a watershed and picks up the olfactory cues of the inhabiting plants before draining into the ocean. In this study, we seek to understand the influence that terrestrial developments have on coral reef health and if MPAs help to offset the negative impacts of
developed watersheds.
To test this idea, we will use a DJI Phantom 4 quadcopter with a built-in near-IR camera to map the topography and vegetation species density of Tavewa Island in the Yasawa Archipelago of Fiji. Data were collected in still images taken with up to 80% overlap between images to create mosaic
images with resolutions of five centimetres of the entire study area. Many individual images will be stitched together in a process known as Structure from Motion (SfM). Data sets extended from the island to the nearshore, shallow coral reefs fringing the island. The corals will be mapped for
elevation, location, and species composition, which will be applied to restoration and conservation efforts. All terrestrial and aquatic images will be processed using Pix4D and maps will be generated and analyzed using ESRI ArcGIS. Topography, bathymetry, and species densities will be analyzed to
determine if there exists a link between terrestrial developments and coral reef habitats.
The use of low-cost aerial remote sensing techniques provides many opportunities for enhancing coral reef health. These technological advancements have largely not been brought into this realm of study. This study will be the first of its kind directly linking anthropogenic vegetation changes to
declining coral reef health. Understanding this connection will shift how coral reefs are restored, conserved, and managed.
Bay-scale habitat mapping of American lobster (Homarus americanus)
Authors: McKee A , Grant J
Published: September 2017

Bay-scale habitat maps for benthic organisms, especially those of economically important species, are important for the comprehensive development of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) initiatives. However, few such maps of that scale exist for the American lobster
(Homarus americanus) in Canada's Maritime provinces. There are several coastal activities considered by MSP which occur at scales of less than 1 km (e.g. aquaculture, etc.), but which have limited spatial placement options because of the broadly binned or patchy lobster habitat data available.
Therefore, the objective of this project is to develop a standard method of bay-scale lobster habitat mapping specifically for the purposes of adding scientific GIS layers to the MSP process of finfish aquaculture lease placement. Two bays in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick have been surveyed and
mapped using acoustic data (backscatter from a single-beam echosounding system), ground-truth video, and various forms of lobster presence data. Through different procedures, the acoustic data have been split into substrate category bins and interpolated between tracks, then compared to the
ground-truth video to create error matrices and provide estimates of accuracy. The accuracy of the maps created through these differing procedures has been evaluated and the early results of this work will discussed.
Cold-water coral distributions and surficial geology at five spatial scales on the Flemish Cap, northwest Atlantic
Authors: Miles L L , Edinger E N , Piper D J W
Published: September 2017

Cold-water coral (CWC) distributions are strongly influenced by substrate, as they are sessile, long-lived benthic species. While the attachment substrate preferences (hard vs. soft) of many coral species are well known, the relationships between coral species
distributions and geological environments are less clear. This study investigates the relationship between CWC distribution and geological environments in a deep offshore setting, examining both surficial geology and bedrock lithology.
In 2010 we used a remotely operated vehicle to conduct four video surveys on the southern and eastern flanks of the Flemish Cap, NW Atlantic, ranging in depths from 870 m to 2900 m. CWC were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level and assigned to functional groups: large gorgonians, small
gorgonians, soft corals, pennatulaceans, antipatharians, Desmophyllum dianthus, and reclining solitary scleractinians. Surficial geology was classified at five spatial scales (10 m, 50 m, 100 m, 500 m, 1000 m) along each transect into one of six surficial geological and/or lithological geological
facies (fine grained sediment, gravelly fine grained sediment, fine grained sediment and bedrock, igneous bedrock, and sedimentary bedrock).
A total of thirty CWC species were observed, with each transect displaying a unique species composition and surficial geology. Functional groups were represented on most facies and depths. Anthomastus sp. (soft coral) was the most abundant coral species observed, and was found on most facies and
depths. Soft corals and large gorgonians were the most abundant on the gravelly fine grain and sedimentary bedrock facies between 1673-1873 m.
Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) showed an influence of both facies and depth on coral species composition, with depth apparently more important. Geological facies had a significant difference on coral species composition when measured at finer scales (10 m, 50 m, 100 m, and 500 m) but not at broader
scales (1000m). Of the fine scales, 100 m was the most significant for both CWC species and functional groups. Our results suggest that bathymetry and oceanography are dominant influences on coral distribution at broad scales, with surficial geology dominating distributions at scales finer than 1
km.
Mind the scale! Modeling at multiple scales to predict the distribution of sediment grain size for use in benthic habitat mapping
Authors: Misiuk B , Lecours V
Published: September 2017

Sediment grain size is an important habitat-defining parameter for many benthic species. Grain size distribution is affected by a number of oceanographic and sedimentological processes that operate at a variety of scales. Modeled predictions of sediment grain
size can aid in benthic habitat mapping, yet the scale of processes is seldom considered in modeling, despite mounting evidence indicating the scale-dependent nature of these processes. The consideration of spatial scale can increase predictive accuracy of distribution models, and aid in
understanding of the processes that drive distributions.
Sediment grain size data from 98 grab samples collected from around Qikiqtarjuaq, Nunavut, Canada were used to train distribution models of mud, sand, and gravel fractions for subsequent use in habitat mapping and sediment classifications. Sixteen predictor variables derived from multibeam
echosounding data were resampled at eight different resolutions (using the calculate terrain variable then average result over n x n window method; Dolan, 2012), which were tested for statistical importance in predicting mud, sand, and gravel grain size fraction distributions. Optimal resolutions
were determined for each predictor variable, which were subsequently used to train compositional distribution models of mud, sand, and gravel grain size fractions in a Boosted Regression Tree model, using a methodology similar to that of Diesing (2015). Results demonstrated that the default
multibeam data resolution (5 m) was often not the optimal choice for predictor variables, with coarser resolutions often explaining more statistical deviance. This reinforces the importance of considering or testing multiple spatial scales in distribution modeling. Identifying variable-specific
scales aided in understanding the drivers of sediment grain size distribution in the area around Qikiqtarjuaq, and resulted in a high 10-fold cross-validated predictive accuracy (Spearman correlations of rho-mud=.772, rho-sand=.712, rho-gravel=.578). Predictions of mud, sand, and gravel grain size
fractions were subsequently combined into a Folk (1954) grain size classification, and were used in species distribution models to support conservation and management of marine resource development around Qikiqtarjuaq, Nunavut, Canada.