bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perbedaan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Yang di Ajar dengan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBM) dengan Model Pembelajaran Quantum Learning di Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 9 Medan
Authors: Budianto Agum , Gultom Syawal
Published: August 2021

Pemecahan masalah siswa khususnya di dalam pelajaran matematika masih di kategorikan rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan model pembelajaran quantum learning pada materi kubus dan balok di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 9 Medan T.A 2018/2019. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen. Sampel yang diambil adalah kelas VIII-1 sebagai kelas eksperimen A yaitu kelas yang di ajar dengan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan kelas VIII-5 sebagai kelas eksperimen B yaitu kelas yang diajar dengan model  pembelajaran Quantum Learning. Sampel penelitian dilihat berdasarkan kesamaan kondisi awal berdasarkan nilai rapor siswa. Kemudian prosedur yang pertama  adalah memberi tes kemampuan awal kepada kelas yang diteliti. Dari hasil tes awal yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata observasi siswa dalam materi kubus dan balok adalah sebesar 34,75. Setelah dilakukan posttest pada kedua kelas, dan diperoleh hasil berupa rata-rata nilai kelas eksperimen A sebesar 65,184 dan rata-rata nilai kelas eksperimen B sebesar 58,333. Artinya, kedua kelas sampel penelitian mengalami kondisi yang berbeda terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika setelah mendapat perlakuan. Berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang di ajar menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBM) dengan Model Pembelajaran Quantum Learning pada materi Kubus Dan Balok di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 9 Medan T.A 2018/2019.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Daring Era 4.0 Di Masa Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Rawung Refien K S
Published: August 2021

Pendidikan saat ini menghadapi dampak yang besar sebagai akibat dari perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang sangat pesat juga terhadap kehidupan manusia pada umumnya. Digitalisasi yang ditandai dengan semakin kompleksnya teknologi yang diciptakan  memberi banyak kemudahan. Media pembelajaran pun semakin berkembang seiring dengan lajunya perkembangan teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengembangan media pembelajaran daring di masa pandemic dan pasca pandemic. Studi kepustakaan di gunakan dalam penelitian ini, sumber diambil dari buku, artikel dan internet untuk mendapatkan informasi yang dibutuhkan dalam rangka mencapai tujuan penelitian.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan media pembelajara daring sudah merupakan keniscayaan untuk secara berkesinambungan dilakukan oleh guru dan dosen, untuk mengadaptasi pembelajaran konvensional ke pola pembelajaran modern yang berbasis teknologi. Berbagai platform pembelajaran daring dapat dimaksimalkan untuk dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran daring yang bahkan dapat di gunakan secara bersama-sama agar dapat memecahkan kebosanan yang sering muncul pada pembelajaran daring akibat pola yang sama terusa menerus digunakan. Guru ataupun dosen melakukan pengembangan penggunaan media pembelajaran yang awalnya hanya menggunakan satu platform berkembang menjadi dua ataupun lebih untuuk memenuhi kebutuhan pembelajaran. LMS dengan platform pembelajaran yang lebih bervariasi menjadi alternatif terbaik untuk memberikan suasana pembelajaran yang tidak monoton bagi peserta didik.
Flipped learning: an alternative pedagogical approach in the untact age
Authors: Kwon Oh Young
Published: August 2021

Flipped learning, abbreviated as “FL” is a new pedagogical approach that reverses the order of a typical lecture. It was developed to compensate for the shortcomings of a typical teaching method. Students learn by watching video clips before class and continue to learn through peer discussion in the classroom. The educational benefits of FL like student’s positive attitude were revealed in the previous studies. FL can be a valuable alternative to the existing classes in the untact age of coronavirus disease 2019.
Yogic breathing in hypobaric environment: breathing exercising and its effect on hypobaric hypoxemia and heart rate at 3,650-m elevation
Authors: Spatenkova Vera , Bednar Roman , Oravcova Gabriela , Melichova Anna , Kuriscak Eduard
Published: August 2021

High altitude sojourn is a risk factor for hypobaric hypoxemia and subsequent altitude sickness. The aim of this study was to analyze the ef-fect of new type of yogic breathing?Maheshwarananda’s new Modified Bhujangini Pranayama performed by active yoga practitioners?on the arterial haemoglobin saturation of oxygen (measured by the pulse oximetry - SpO2) and the heart rate compared to normal spontaneous resting breathing. A pilot prospective study was conducted in the Himalayas at an altitude of 3,650 m. We monitored SpO2 and pulse rate in 34 experienced yoga practitioners. Within the 3 measurement days at the altitude of 3,650 m, the mean value of SpO2 increased from 89.11± 4.78 to 93.26±4.44 (P<0.001) after the yogic breathing exercise. No significant changes were observed in pulse rate (P<0.230) measured before and after yogic breathing. The new Yogic breathing?Maheshwarananda’s Modified Bhujangini Pranayama?is increasing the arterial haemoglobin saturation compared to normal resting spontaneous breathing. The heart rate was not affected by this type of yogic breathing.
Treadmill exercise ameliorates impairment of spatial learning memory in pups born to old and obese mother rats
Authors: Kim Sang-Hoon , Ko Il-Gyu , Jin Jun-Jang , Hwang Lakkyong , Baek Seung-Soo
Published: August 2021

Memory state of rat pups born to old and obese mother rats and the effect of a treadmill running of mother rats on the memory of rat pups were studied. The radial 8-arm maze test was performed to detect spatial learning memory, and the level of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in the hippocampus was measured by enzymelinked immunoassay. Western blotting was performed for the expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer (NF-κB), nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκB-α), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 was conducted. The newborn rats were classified into following groups: pups born to old mother rats, pups born to old mother rats with exercise, pups born to old and obese mother rats, and pups born to old and obese mother rats with exercise. Exercise of mother ameliorated spatial learning memory impairment, inhibited proinflammatory cytokines production, NF-κB expression, and IκB-α phosphorylation of the pups born to old and obese mother rats. Maternal exercise suppressed Bax expression, the number of caspase-3, the level of MMP-9, and enhanced Bcl-2 expression of the pups born to old and obese mother rats. When the maternal exercise was performed, the impairment of spatial learning memory in pups was ameliorated. Therefore, it can be seen that exercise during pregnancy of older and obese mothers is an important factor in fetal health management.
A Literature Review of Clinical Studies Using Sa-am Acupuncture
Authors: Lim Jinwoong , Kim Yong-hwa , Kim Yu-gon , Jeong Hyeon-gyo , Shin Kyung-moon , Shin Dong-hoon , Jeong Hwe-joon , Kang Deok , Yang Jae-woo , Oh Ji-hoon , Yoon Hong-ryoul , Jo Jae-sung
Published: August 2021

Sa-am acupuncture originated in the Chosun Dynasty and is a distinct feature of Korean medicine. It has been used to treat various diseases and conditions in clinical practice however, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support the use of Sa-am acupuncture. We aimed to comprehensively review the clinical studies of Sa-am acupuncture retrieved from national and international databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and 3 Korean databases). There were 52 articles reviewed including 29 case studies, 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and 4 uncontrolled trials. Neurological disorders were the most frequently studied, and kidney tonification, and directional supplementation and draining were the most frequently used methods. Overall, the outcomes were generally positive however, there were many additional treatments together with Sa-am acupuncture reported in the case reports, and the quality of evidence was low in the RCTs. Future studies should report the detailed method of practicing Saam acupuncture treatment and focus on the specific effect of Sa-am acupuncture with rigorous design to scientifically support the clinical use of Sa-am acupuncture.
Assessment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine Clinical Practice Using the Objective Structured Clinical Examination
Authors: Cho Eunbyul , Lee Ju-Hyun , Kwon O Sang , Hong Jiseong , Cho Nam Geun
Published: August 2021

Background: The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a widely used method to assess the clinical performance of students in clinical practice. Although OSCE has been used for undergraduate students of Korean medicine, this has not been widely reported. Methods: In 2020, the practical course for acupuncture and moxibustion medicine (acupuncture, electroacupuncture, pharmacopuncture, auricular acupuncture, and burning acupuncture) was taught using flipped learning, according to clinical practice guidelines, and assessed by the OSCE. The appropriateness of this model of education and its evaluation using OSCE were evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale, and the results were analyzed. Results: Of the respondents, 67% reported that the OSCE accurately reflected their competency, and 82% reported that online video lectures helped them to improve their clinical skills. The average adequacy score of the model was > 3.7/5, and the average adequacy score of the checklist used in the OSCE was > 4.1/5 for all 5 clinical application skills. The difference in the mean self-efficacy score between students who had taken the OSCE and those students who had not taken the OSCE, was highest in the burning acupuncture group (0.923). Conclusion: This study showed that students’ satisfaction with the OSCE was high and flipped learning was an effective education model. In the future, models representing the human body or simulated patients should be used to evaluate students’ skills and attitude.
Generation of sub-100  fs ultraviolet pulses from a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ce:LiCAF laser
Authors: Sharp Adam , Kitzler Ondrej , Fuerbach Alex , Spence David J. , Coutts David W.
Published: August 2021

We report the direct generation of mode-locked pulses as short as 91 fs from the broad-bandwidth gain medium of

L
i
C
a
A
l
F

6

(Ce:LiCAF) by combining Kerr-lens mode locking with synchronous pumping. The latter of these schemes, and the broad bandwidth of Ce:LiCAF, resulted in dispersion tuning of wavelength via cavity length in the spectral region of 290 nm; this mechanism facilitated a practical means of estimating intra-cavity dispersion, which was compensated for using a Brewster’s-cut prism pair. The pulse duration was measured via split-beam asynchronous cross-correlation using a Ti:sapphire reference laser and a known time reference. From the Ce:LiCAF laser cavity, output powers of 110 mW and a 9% slope efficiency were achieved.
SLM-based interferometer for assessing the polychromatic neural transfer function of the eye
Authors: Suchkov Nikolai , Kurian Tobin , Schwarz Christina , Leube Alexander , Wahl Siegfried
Published: August 2021

A novel interferometric instrument for measuring neural transfer function (NTF) of the eye is presented. The device is based on a liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator (SLM), which is used to create two laterally separated wavefronts in the pupil plane of the eye that interfere on the retina. The phase mask on the SLM, consisting of two diffraction gratings mixed in a checkerboard pattern and acting as a shearing interferometer, allows independent control of spatial frequency, orientation, and contrast of the fringes, as well as the field of view in a wide polychromatic spectrum. Coupled with a supercontinuum source, the system is able to produce achromatic fringes on the retina. The instrument was successfully tested in six normal subjects in four light conditions: polychromatic light and monochromatic blue, green and red light respectively (central wavelengths - 450, 550 and 650 nm). On average, the NTF in polychromatic light was approximately 20% higher than for green and red light, although not statistically significant due to high intersubject variability. Due to all-digital control of the interference fringes, the device is optically simple and virtually unsusceptible to vibrations, allowing its use in a non-laboratory environment. The study also contributes to color vision research, allowing to evaluate contrast sensitivity function without monochromatic or chromatic aberrations.
Enhanced optical sensing performance in stacked resonant compound gratings
Authors: Bao Yining , Liu Xiuhong , Hu Jinhua , Zou Jun , Han Haiyan , Wang Chao
Published: August 2021

We proposed a high-performance integrated optical sensor based on a stacked resonant compound grating (SRCG). The transmission spectrum of a SRCG is investigated by the theoretical model that combines the coupled mode theory with the eigenmode information of the grating structures. It is found that the spectral width of the SRCG is controlled by changing its structural parameters such as the strip depth, the period of the grating, and cavity length. The simulation results, which are verified by finite element method (FEM), show that the sensitivity of the sensor is 401.8 nm/RIU with its figure of merit (FOM) as high as 57404. The presented sensor is a promising application for high-performance biosensing.
Lattice effect for enhanced hot-electron generation in nanoelectrodes
Authors: Bosomtwi Dominic , Osiński Marek , Babicheva Viktoriia E.
Published: August 2021

A stronger electric field in metal nanostructures can be realized by exciting nanoparticle plasmonic resonances to enhance hot electron generation. One can alter the nanoparticle shape, size, material, and/or the refractive index of the surrounding medium to achieve higher efficiency. Here, we report the nanostructure design that enhances the generation of plasmonic hot electrons from the periodically arranged gold nanoelectrodes. The periodic arrangement results in the excitation of collective lattice resonances in proximity to the Rayleigh anomalies (diffraction order transitions). We show how to select a lattice period that gives the highest field enhancement and the potential for the most efficient generation of plasmonic hot electrons, which are injected into the water environment from gold nanoelectrodes. Our study can serve as a general guideline in designing plasmonic nanostructures with nanoelectrodes injecting hot electrons into an aqueous environment.
Reconfigurable metasurface-based 1 × 2 waveguide switch
Authors: Alquliah Amged , Elkabbash Mohamed , Cheng Jinluo , Verma Gopal , Saraj Chaudry Sajed , Li Wei , Guo Chunlei
Published: August 2021

Reconfigurable nanophotonic components are essential elements in realizing complex and highly integrated photonic circuits. Here we report a novel concept for devices with functionality to dynamically control guided light in the near-visible spectral range, which is illustrated by a reconfigurable and non-volatile (

1
×
2

) switch using an ultracompact active metasurface. The switch is made of two sets of nanorod arrays of

TiO

2

and antimony trisulfide (

Sb

2

S
3

), a low-loss phase-change material (PCM), patterned on a silicon nitride waveguide. The metasurface creates an effective multimode interferometer that forms an image of the input mode at the end of the stem waveguide and routes this image toward one of the output ports depending on the phase of PCM nanorods. Remarkably, our metasurface-based

1
×
2

switch enjoys an ultracompact coupling length of 5.5 μm and a record high bandwidth (22.6 THz) compared to other PCM-based switches. Furthermore, our device exhibits low losses in the near-visible region (

∼
1
  
dB

) and low cross talk (

−
11.24
  
dB

) over a wide bandwidth (22.6 THz). Our proposed device paves the way toward realizing compact and efficient waveguide routers and switches for applications in quantum computing, neuromorphic photonic networking, and biomedical sensing and optogenetics.
Orbital angular momentum mode logical operation using optical diffractive neural network
Authors: Wang Peipei , Xiong Wenjie , Huang Zebin , He Yanliang , Xie Zhiqiang , Liu Junmin , Ye Huapeng , Li Ying , Fan Dianyuan , Chen Shuqing
Published: August 2021

Optical logical operations demonstrate the key role of optical digital computing, which can perform general-purpose calculations and possess fast processing speed, low crosstalk, and high throughput. The logic states usually refer to linear momentums that are distinguished by intensity distributions, which blur the discrimination boundary and limit its sustainable applications. Here, we introduce orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode logical operations performed by optical diffractive neural networks (ODNNs). Using the OAM mode as a logic state not only can improve the parallel processing ability but also enhance the logic distinction and robustness of logical gates owing to the mode infinity and orthogonality. ODNN combining scalar diffraction theory and deep learning technology is designed to independently manipulate the mode and spatial position of multiple OAM modes, which allows for complex multilight modulation functions to respond to logic inputs. We show that few-layer ODNNs successfully implement the logical operations of AND, OR, NOT, NAND, and NOR in simulations. The logic units of XNOR and XOR are obtained by cascading the basic logical gates of AND, OR, and NOT, which can further constitute logical half-adder gates. Our demonstrations may provide a new avenue for optical logical operations and are expected to promote the practical application of optical digital computing.
Revisiting the relationship between constructive alignment and learning approaches: A perceived alignment perspective
Authors: Stamov Roßnagel Christian , Lo Baido Katrin , Fitzallen Noleine
Published: August 2021

The constructive alignment (CA) of university teaching is designed to encourage students to adopt a deep learning approach, which supports meaningful learning. The evidence is mixed, however, with some studies showing that students may adopt a surface approach even when teaching promotes deep learning. To add to the understanding of the relationships between CA and learning approaches, we explored with quantitative measures two potential implications from prior qualitative research. First, we assessed with a novel questionnaire if students’ CA perceptions predicted adaptation towards a deep learning approach. Second, we explored relationships between deep approach adaptation and learning motivation, as well as perceived mental workload. 56 students from two second-year courses in different study programmes completed a learning approach questionnaire in the second (T1), seventh (T2), and the final fourteenth (T3) course week. At T2 and T3, participants also rated the constructive alignment of the course, their learning motivation, and the mental workload. Regression analyses showed that ILO Clarity (i.e. being clear about the intended learning outcomes of the course) and receiving effective feedback were associated with a significant increase in deep approach scores from T2 to T3. That deep approach adaptation was in turn positively related to learning motivation in terms of higher ratings of one’s competence, the importance of high course performance, and course usefulness. Moreover, deep approach adaptation went with higher satisfaction of having accomplished one’s learning goals, but also with stronger feelings of insecurity and stress. Our findings suggest that students’ CA perceptions are meaningful predictors of learning approach adaptation that might eventually be developed into indicators of the effectiveness of CA implementation at the course level.
The development and pilot testing of an ACP simulation-based communication-training program: Feasibility and acceptability
Authors: Chen Jui-O , Chang Shu-Chen , Lin Chiu-Chu
Published: August 2021

The lack of knowledge of advance care planning and training of communication skills among nurses in Taiwan is one of the main reasons for the low rate of advance directive signing. However, there is no specific and effective solution to this problem. The purposes of this study were (1) to develop and pilot testing of an advance care planning simulation-based communication training program and (2) to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the program. This study was conducted in three phases. Phase 1: Developing an advance care planning simulation-based communication training program; Phase 2: Conducting a pilot test; Phase 3: Evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of the program. Twelve convenient participants from a medical center in central Taiwan were selected. The participants believed that team-based learning was beneficial for several reasons. First, it helped to clarify the participants’ understanding of advance care planning and improve their communication skills. Second, role-playing, as one of the components, was helpful for discovering their own shortcomings in communication skills while debriefing enabled them to identify their blind spots in the communication process. Finally, the reflection log documented their weekly performance so they were able to reflect upon their weekly performance, improve their performance, and become more confident. All twelve participants signed the consent form and completed the whole training program. The participants were satisfied with the program, affirming that the timing and content of the program were appropriate and that the expected learning outcomes could be achieved. According to participant feedback, the program was beneficial in improving their knowledge of advance care planning and confidence in communication. Thus, it is feasible and acceptable to introduce communication of advance care planning programs into the staff training protocols of healthcare organizations.

Clinical trial registration: NCT04312295.
Report: The effects of topical pleurotus tuberregium (PT) aqueous extract on intraocular pressure in monkeys
Authors: Akinlabi Ghalib A. , Kaufman Paul L. , Kiland Julie A.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

In earlier experiments in Nigeria, aqueous extract of Pleurotus tuber-regium (PT) had been shown to lower intra ocular pressure (IOP) in a feline model. The aim of the current study was to determine whether PT had the same or a similar IOP-lowering effect in ocularly normal non-human primates.

Methods

Four monkeys were treated twice daily for 4 days with 2 x 20 μl drops of 50 mg/ml PT (pH = 4.3). The monkeys were sedated with 5–10 mg/kg ketamine HCl IM. PT was administered to the right eye and BSS to the left eye. Baseline IOP was measured just prior to beginning treatment, and on day 5 before treatment and then hourly for 3 hours, beginning 1 hour after treatment. SLEs were performed at baseline and on day 5 pre- and 3 hours post-treatment.

Results

There was no significant difference between IOP in treated vs control eyes in the protocol. There were no adverse effects or toxicity as seen by SLE.

Conclusions

The inability of the extract to lower IOP in monkeys, in contrast to ocular hypertensive cats in an earlier study, could be due to species differences or duration of treatment. Since no adverse effects were observed in the monkeys, further studies with varying durations and dosages are recommended.
The Legacy of 1812: How a Little War Shaped the Transatlantic World
Authors: Hickey Donald R.
Published: August 2021

The War of 1812 may have been a small and inconclusive war, but it had a profound and lasting impact of all the belligerents. The war may be largely forgotten, but it left a huge legacy that is still evident today. Wars can best be measured by their consequences, and the legacy of this war was both multifaceted and lasting. The conflict shaped both the United States and Canada as well as their relationship with Great Britain for nearly a century thereafter. It helps to explain how the Anglo-American alliance originated and why the British welcomed the Pax Americana in the twentieth century, as well as why Canada never joined the American Union and why American expansion after 1815 aimed south and west rather than north. It was during the War of 1812 that the great Shawnee leader Tecumseh earned his reputation, Laura Secord became famous, and Andrew Jackson began his rise to the presidency. Its impact on American culture was also far reaching and produced ‘The Star-Spangled Banner’, Uncle Sam and ‘Old Ironsides’, amongst other symbols of United States nationhood.
UMA ANÁLISE DAS CONSEQUÊNCIAS DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DO CAMPUS DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERLÂNDIA NA EVOLUÇÃO URBANA DE MONTE CARMELO POR MEIO DE IMAGENS MULTIESPECTRAIS DE BAIXO CUSTO
Authors: Gomes Alexandre Fleury de Siqueira e , Martins George Deroco , Bravo João Vitor Meza
Published: August 2021

Este estudo analisa a evolução urbana de Monte Carmelo (MG), enquanto uma cidade de pequeno porte. A hipótese levantada neste artigo vincula a evolução da paisagem urbana carmelitana à instalação do campus da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia na cidade. O campus serviria como vetor de atração à expansão urbana e, ao mesmo tempo, agente catalisador de processos urbanos em toda a cidade. Selecionou-se Monte Carmelo como estudo de caso, pois essa é uma cidade pequena que sofre com a falta de dados espaciais: situação que impacta negativamente a construção de políticas efetivas de gestão territorial. Para cumprir com o objetivo, nesta pesquisa utilizou-se de imagens orbitais de baixo custo para estudar a dinâmica de evolução urbana carmelitana. Com essa proposta concretizada construiu-se um modelo alternativo para observação de uma cidade pequena, com tecnologia acessível aos gestores, preenchendo a lacuna de acessibilidade tecnológica. Por meio do processamento digital de imagens e de uma análise visual, foi possível quantificar e qualificar a evolução urbana local, entre os anos de 2013 e 2018. Concluiu-se que o adensamento urbano de Monte Carmelo pode ser explicado pela chegada da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia à cidade, especialmente com o início das atividades de ensino em 2011.
SABER COMUM, SABER COM: O PAPEL DO ESPAÇO E DO TERRITÓRIO NA PRODUÇÃO IMATERIAL CAIÇARA
Authors: Da Rocha Willian Silva
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir acerca das implicações teóricas do debate do comum nas discussões sobre espaço e território na Geografia, tendo como foco central os conflitos e tensões territoriais que ocorrem historicamente na região Sul Fluminense, especificamente no bairro de São Gonçalo, Paraty - RJ. A metodologia do trabalho é embasada naquilo que Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2018) chamou epistemologias do Sul. Tais reflexões são fundamentadas por trabalhos de campo realizados na comunidade, rodas de conversa com os moradores e diálogos com diferentes líderes comunitários em diversos momentos. Há como resultado o relato de diferentes experiências comunitárias que endossam um arcabouço teórico acerca dos comuns do conhecimento na América Latina. Nota-se, neste sentido, a função das práticas tradicionais caiçaras como saberes vivos e como ações de resistência. Tais ações colocam o território como agente fundamental para a manutenção desses saberes, tal como seu caráter de projeto político.
USO PÚBLICO EM UNIDADE DE CONSERVAÇÃO: CAMINHOS APONTADOS NO PARQUE NATURAL MUNICIPAL DE NOVA IGUAÇU-RJ
Authors: Queiroz Edileuza  Dias
Published: August 2021

O uso público pode ser considerado um dos pilares fundamentais para conciliar a conservação ambiental com as atividades humanas, tendo em vista que a relação sociedade-natureza, de modo geral, tem representado um dos maiores e mais antigos desafios das sociedades humanas. Este trabalho, um dos frutos de uma tese de Doutorado, tem como objetivo apresentar caminhos possíveis para a consolidação do uso público em Unidades de Conservação, e teve como recorte espacial o Parque Natural Municipal de Nova Iguaçu/RJ. A metodologia, com abordagem qualitativa e ancorada no método fenomenológico, é baseada na análise das ações elaboradas e/ou implementadas no decorrer da pesquisa, onde procurou-se analisar atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. A pesquisa revelou, dentre outros aspectos, a importância da parceria, principalmente da Universidade e seu tripé fundante, para que as Unidades de Conservação continuem a existir e cumpram seu papel social e ambiental. Espera-se contribuir com reflexões para que Parques com características semelhantes consigam, diante de suas condições, efetivar o uso público, tão essencial para o seu papel na sociedade. Ressalte-se que os caminhos que podem levar à essa consolidação exigem esforços tanto do poder público quanto da sociedade civil.
ILHA DO GOVERNADOR: AGREMIAÇÕES ESPORTIVAS E A PRODUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO (1919-1962)
Authors: De Melo Victor Andrade
Published: August 2021

Este estudo se debruça sobre a trajetória de três sociedades esportivas da Ilha do Governador/Rio de Janeiro – Jequiá Futebol Clube/Esporte Clube, Iate Clube Jardim Guanabara e Jockey Club Guanabara –, escolhidas para a investigação por suas experiências permitirem discutir a estruturação da insula antes de seu momento de maior crescimento. O recorte temporal vai de 1919 (data de criação da primeira associação) a 1962 (ano de extinção da última). Para alcance do objetivo, como fontes foram utilizados periódicos publicados na cidade. Desenvolvido na fronteira entre a Geografia dos Esportes e a História do Esporte, espera-se perceber como essas iniciativas atuaram na produção do espaço, dialogaram e foram agentes na configuração de um perfil, uma vocação, um conjunto de representações sobre a Ilha do Governador. Ao fim, conclui-se que as agremiações investigadas participaram ativamente do processo de constituição do território, bem expressando as mudanças societárias pelas quais passou a região pesquisada.
DINÂMICA DA CENTRALIDADE URBANA EM UMA PEQUENA CIDADE DO PARANÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Bovo Marcos Clair , Gusmão Paulo Sérgio
Published: August 2021

A centralidade surge a partir do fortalecimento econômico do centro, congregando a concetração de atividades econômicas e equipamentos urbanos. É o ponto da articulação da hinterlândia urbana que detém os fluxos de bens, serviços, mercadorias e pessoas.  Diante disso, o artigo busca compreender o processo de centralidade urbana na pequena cidade de Terra Boa-PR, destacando as principais atividades econômicas e seus fluxos. Como aportes metodológicos foram utilizados: pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa in loco, mapeamento do uso e ocupação do solo. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a centralidade não se estende por todo o centro, mas se restringe aos locais com deslocamentos de fluxos materiais e imateriais, havendo maior concentração na Avenida Brasil e suas quadras adjacentes por apresentarem um comércio variado e diversificado com produtos e serviços que congregam o circuito superior da economia urbana. A presença de atividades econômicas demonstra o caráter funcional e econômico da centralidade urbana presente na área central terrabonense, evidenciando a dinâmica econômica urbana interna ao abranger a demanda por bens e produtos, tanto para o consumo interno, quanto para atendimento de outras cidades do entorno.
ESPAÇO, CULTURA E RELIGIOSIDADE: ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A UMBANDA E A SUA FORMA DE DIFUSÃO DO BRASIL PARA O URUGUAI E ARGENTINA.
Authors: Ramirez Ivete Maria Soares Ramirez , Silva Antonio Sergio
Published: August 2021

Este artigo expõe uma análise, cujo objetivo central trata-se de apresentar a experiência da fé em sua forma de difusão das influências culturais da religiosidade Afro-brasileira da Umbanda, como intervenção entre os homens em sua área de abrangência. O recorte espacial se apresenta pela territorialidade dos países Uruguai e Argentina. Optou-se em sistematizar publicações científicas sobre a presença da Umbanda nesses países e observações sobre a sua propagação territorial in loco em Buenos Aires e Montevidéu. Tendo como centro de transnacionalização as cidades fronteiriças brasileiras do Rio Grande do Sul, as formas da difusão da fé ocorreram pela migração de pessoas difundindo a mensagem por meio da conversão de adeptos, considerando o conteúdo simbólico-cultural da prática religiosa. Assim como, pelo encontro das forças das conexões culturais da religiosidade com a presença de grupos sociais remanescentes da africanidade e da cultura indígena, enquanto formas de representação e de legitimação identitária étnico-religiosa-cultural. A difusão espacial da fé foi vivenciada com significação simbólica na religiosidade afro-indígena-católica-kardecista em países predominantemente com discursiva hegemônica europeia-cristã.
The Ideology of Spiritual Practices in Persatuan Seni Silat Cekak Malaysia (PSSCM)
Authors: Ezani Nur Enanee , Salleh Nozira
Published: August 2021

Malay martial arts is often associated with the practice that contains elements of superstitions. This can be seen when religious authorities such as the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia or popularly known as (JAKIM) and Selangor Islamic Religious Department (JAIS) published guideline books for martial arts associations in Malaysia according to Islam. Therefore, there is a martial arts association in Malaysia, namely Persatuan Seni Silat Cekak Malaysia (PSSCM) have a clear vision of upholding the original Malay Silat, especially Malaysian martial arts, and clean from all superstitions which are not align with the Islamic faith. Therefore, the approach of this study is to identify the ideology of spiritual practices found in PSSCM that are free from superstitions and capable of educating morals and noble practices. This study uses a qualitative methodology based on content analysis and this study will analyze documents related to the ideology of spiritual practice in PSSCM. The study found that PSSCM has an ideology of spiritual practices that are aimed at educating the spiritual and the virtuous. This practice also does not conflict with the Islamic Shariᶜa. Therefore, PSSCM is not merely educating people to take care of themselves but also signaling them with good moral characters.
Mediated Tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqshabandiyah in the Digital Era: An Ethnographic Overview
Authors: Taufik Zulfan , Taufik Muhammad
Published: August 2021

This article examines how Tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqshabandiyah (TQN) utilizes online media to strengthen its existence. As an integral part of the Islamic revival in Indonesia, Sufi orders (tarekat) are facing remarkable challenges and opportunities in maintaining their existence in the digital era. Nevertheless, previous studies observed Sufi orders as a traditional community that would be exterminated by the pace of modernization and globalization. This article argues that Sufi orders may survive in the internet of things era, contrary to preceding discourses. Based on ethnography research, both online and offline, the authors found out that the vitality of the Sufi order can adapt, develop, and innovate using online media. TQN's use of online media through various platforms proves Sufi order’s adaptive efforts to the internet-based era. TQN’s online media provide informations on Islamic  and Sufism teachings, news, schedule of activities, and fundraising. Even though TQN members’ being active in cyber-Islamic environments, they resist online asceticism thus leverage the vertical-personal obedience, conservative authorities, and sacred rituals. These practices done by TQN members illuminate its identity as an authentic online sufism. Premises shown in this paper may enrich the scope of study within the relationship of Sufi orders and Islamic-cyber environment, especially in Indonesian context.
From the Indigeneous to the Religious Practices: Islamic Construction of the Local Tradition in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Pabbajah Mustaqim
Published: August 2021

Islam and indigenous tradition in Indonesia have long established interconnected relations in both social and ritual practices. This study elaborates on the Islamic construction of the indigenous Bugis-Makassar tradition. The “Haji Bawakaraeng” is one the familiar practice and is believed to exist in the South Sulawesi region. Term Haji Bawakaraeng is a religious practice contained with local Muslim beliefs carried out on Mount Bawakaraeng. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection done through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. This study finds that the Bugis-Makassar habit of carrying out a series of rituals on the summit of Mount Bawakaraeng is an old belief facing the process of negotiation and adaptation to the teachings of Islam. The presence of the term Hajj as an Islamic construction and Bawakaraeng as a local cultural construction is the result of the construction of Islam on the local beliefs of the Buginese-Makassarnese. In addition, this study also illustrates the dynamics of the inclusion of Islam in South Sulawesi as a variative and authentic inclusion. Finally, this study explains the diversity of the Bugis-Makassar people which tends to change from indigenous traditions to religious practices due to the ongoing construction of Islam. This paper recommends the need for further studies on the issue of religious and cultural relations at the micro level to see the dynamics of changing socio-religious practices in the community.
Korelasi Karakteristik Fisik Rumah dan Tingkat Kerentanan Sosio-Ekonomi di Tepian Sungai Kapuas Pontianak
Authors: Nurhidayati Ely , Fariz Trida Ridho
Published: August 2021

Kampung Dalam Bugis is an area in Pontianak City located in the Kapuas River and the Landak River branch. This area is a kampung and settlement that marked the establishment of Pontianak City. Kampung Dalam Bugis Village is located on the bank of a river, impacting flood disaster vulnerability. Therefore, it is necessary to study the correlation between the physical characteristics of the house and the level of socio-economic vulnerability. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the physical characteristics of the houses and the level of socio-economic vulnerability at the riverbanks. The analysis used to assess socio-economic vulnerability is scoring from data collected from interviews and filling out questionnaires. The study used to determine the relationship between the house's physical characteristics to indicators of socio-economic vulnerability is chi-square. The assessment of the community's socio-economic vulnerability on the banks of the Kapuas River consists mostly of high vulnerability classes. Chi-square analysis shows that indicators of socio-economic vulnerability such as the head of the family's educational level have a relationship to the house's characteristics, such as the type of house and the area of the house. This initial research still needs to be developed, such as using logistic regression analysis. There is more vital evidence that the information can be used as a basis for determining or at least as a validator for indicators of socio-economic vulnerability. Physical information of the house is easier to find data through observation and even image interpretation.
Existence of single peak solutions for a nonlinear Schrödinger system with coupled quadratic nonlinearity
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhou Ting
Published: August 2021

We are concerned with the following Schrödinger system with coupled quadratic nonlinearity

−

ε

2

Δ
v
+
P
(
x
)
v
=
μ
v
w
,

x
∈

R

N

,

−

ε

2

Δ
w
+
Q
(
x
)
w
=

μ
2

v

2

+
γ

w

2

,

x
∈

R

N

,

v
>
0
,

w
>
0
,

v
,
w
∈

H

1

R

N

,

$$\begin{equation}\left\{\begin{array}{ll}-\varepsilon^{2} \Delta v+P(x) v=\mu v w, & x \in \mathbb{R}^{N}, \\ -\varepsilon^{2} \Delta w+Q(x) w=\frac{\mu}{2} v^{2}+\gamma w^{2}, & x \in \mathbb{R}^{N}, \\ v>0, \quad w>0, & v, w \in H^{1}\left(\mathbb{R}^{N}\right),\end{array}\right. \end{equation}$$

which arises from second-harmonic generation in quadratic media. Here ε > 0 is a small parameter, 2 ≤ N < 6, μ > 0 and μ > γ, P(x), Q(x) are positive function potentials. By applying reduction method, we prove that if x
0 is a non-degenerate critical point of Δ(P + Q) on some closed N − 1 dimensional hypersurface, then the system above has a single peak solution (vε
, wε
) concentrating at x
0 for ε small enough.
Role of MS1 homolog Ntms1 gene of tobacco infertility
Authors: Chen Qian , Zhao Tingting , Duan Lili , Mo Zejun , Tian Maozhu , Li Zhenhua , Liu Yang , Liu Renxiang
Published: August 2021

The sterile line is the basis of crop heterosis utilization. To broaden the sources of male sterility in tobacco, the Ntms1 (Nicotiana tabacum L. ms1) gene was cloned from the tobacco variety K326 by homologous cloning based on the Cams1 (Capsicum annuum L. ms1) gene sequence of male-sterility genes in pepper. The protein structure and physicochemical properties of the two genes were determined by bioinformatics analysis, and the function of the Ntms1 gene was verified by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The results showed that the sequences of Ntms1 and Cams1 were 85.25% similar, and plant homeodomains were found in both genes; the physical and chemical properties were also very similar. It is speculated that the Ntms1 gene had the same function as the Cams1 gene in controlling male sterility. Compared to the wild-type plants, the filaments of the Ntms1 knockout mutant plants were shorter, and the stamen was shorter than the pistil. The anthers did not develop fully and had few viable pollen grains; the tapetum and the anther wall had developed abnormally, and the anther chamber was severely squeezed. The malondialdehyde content in the mutant plants was significantly higher than that in the wild-type plants, while self-fertility was significantly lower in the mutant plants. The results showed that the Ntms1 gene plays an important role in regulating fertility in tobacco.
Evidence of alterations in the learning and memory in offspring of stress-induced male rats
Authors: Jyothi Ashok Kumar , Thotakura Balaji , Priyadarshini C Swathi , Subramanian Manickam , Rajila Hannah Sugirthabai
Published: August 2021

Objectives

There is extensive data pointing to offspring outcomes related to maternal life incidents, but there is less research concerning the association between paternal life events and progeny brain development and behaviour. As male gametogenesis is a continuous process, the incidences happening in life can modify the epigenetic regulation, altering the offspring’s development and behaviour. The present study evaluates the effects of paternal stress during different life periods on their offspring’s learning ability, memory, morphological and biochemical changes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the rat model.

Methods

Four weeks’ old male rats were subjected to five variable stressors at the rate of one per day. Stress received male rats were bred with naive female rats for 1 to 3 nights. The offspring’s learning and memory were assessed by the Morris water maze test and automated Y maze. Following behavioural studies, offspring were euthanized to examine global DNA methylation, neurotransmitter levels, namely acetylcholine, glutamate in the hippocampus and frontal cortex.

Results

The offspring of stress-induced animals exhibited a delay in acquiring learning and defect in memory and altered global DNA methylation in the hippocampus (p=0.000124). There was significant reduction of acetylcholine and glutamate levels in hippocampus (p=0.000018, p=0.00001, respectively) and in prefrontal cortex (p=0.00001, p=0.00001, respectively). HPA axis of offspring was altered considerably (p=0.00001). The histomorphometry of the prefrontal cortex and different hippocampal regions revealed a statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction in neuronal numbers in the offspring of stressed animals compared to that of control. These impacts were markedly high in the offspring of fathers who received stress during both pubertal and adult periods.

Conclusions

The findings of this study demonstrate that paternal stress can impact offspring learning and memory.
Second harmonic generation in glass-based metasurfaces using tailored surface lattice resonances
Authors: Das Gupta Tapajyoti , Martin-Monier Louis , Butet Jeremy , Yang Kuang-Yu , Leber Andreas , Dong Chaoqun , Nguyen-Dang Tung , Yan Wei , Martin Olivier J. F. , Sorin Fabien
Published: August 2021

Dielectric metasurfaces have shown prominent applications in nonlinear optics due to strong field enhancement and low dissipation losses at the nanoscale. Chalcogenide glasses are one of the promising materials for the observation of nonlinear effects thanks to their high intrinsic nonlinearities. Here, we demonstrate, experimentally and theoretically, that significant second harmonic generation (SHG) can be obtained within amorphous Selenium (Se)-based chalcogenide metasurfaces by exploiting the coupling between lattice and particle resonances. We further show that the high-quality factor resonance at the origin of the SHG can be tuned over a wide wavelength range using a simple and versatile fabrication approach. The measured second harmonic intensity is orders of magnitude higher than that from a dewetted Se film consisting of random Se nanoparticles. The achieved conversion efficiency in the resonance region is of the order of 10−6 which is comparable with direct bandgap materials and at least two orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional plasmonics- and Si-based structures. Fabricated via a simple and scalable technique, these all-dielectric architectures are ideal candidates for the design of flat nonlinear optical components on flexible substrates.
The virtual and the real. Digital culture and the body in the study of handwriting
Authors: Clayton Ewan
Published: August 2021

Since Traube (1861-1907) paleography has been concerned primarily with methods for transcribing, dating and placing texts. This paper responds to two changes in perspective that have occurred within western culture over the last century: the arrival of a digital world which saw the transformation of computers from calculating devices into new tools for writing and reading and a cultural shift away from a Cartesian perspective that distinguishes between body and mind and privileges self aware rationality over felt experience. For the purposes of this paper the link between these trends is that both throw new emphasis on writing as an activity rather than a product. This paper looks at how insights from the digital, and body-based disciplines of document creation might then interact with the paleographical and each other. The influences all run both ways, the paleographical can effect the digital as much an understanding of the digital can bring new ways of seeing to the paleographical.