bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study to evaluate the feasibilityand efficacy of use of mehendi vs temporary pen markings for skin marking in patients undergoing conventional external beam radiotherapy with Cobalt 60 machine
Authors: SuparnaKanti Pal , Sumana Maiti Das , Neena Prasad S , Kunal Kishor Gupta , Basu Siddhartha
Published: April 2021

Introduction and Aim: The most common practice for marking the radiation field borders in conventional radiotherapy is with marker pens. In the hot and humid environment in India these markings rapidly fade and require remarking. In some cases, they require re-simulation and re-planning.  Mehndi has been used in India for ceremonial marking on skin for long. Here we seek to evaluate the same for radiotherapy.

Materials and Methods: Eighty-two patients with no history of hyper-sensitivity to mehendi were scheduled to be analyzed on per protocol treatment basis, with 41 in each arm. Subjects were randomized by lottery method till the target number in one of the arms is reached. Since one subject in each arm had not received the per protocol management due to default, two more subjects were included and randomized. The minimum duration of treatment was 5 weeks. Markings were done either with mehndi cones (Arm A) or conventionally used Skin marking pens. They were repeated as per requirements. The number of application and gap between them were recorded. The data was later analyzed with SPSS v23 for frequencies, independent sample T test, including Mann-Whitney test. The analysis was per protocol.

Results: No incidence of hypersensitivity to mehendi occurred.The mean and median number of applications was significantly less in the Mehndi arm compared to control arm (median being 2 in mehndi arm compared to 4 in Pen arm). The median gap between applications and each application was also significantly lower in the Mehndi arm (11.5 days vs 7.25 days). There was no significant difference with visualization. The comfort level of the technologists, consultants and patients were better with Mehndi than with pen arm on Likert scale.

Conclusion: Mehndi is more durable than the pen marking it is equally visible for health care professionals and more comfortable to patients.  The skin tone of our patients did not pose any challenge in visualization during set up either in ambient lighting or with lasers.
Perception of medical students about online learning in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Ramachandran Kalpana , Dinesh Kumar Robert
Published: April 2021

Introduction and Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a disruption in the academic schedule. As UNESCO observes an 87% interruption in student learning across the globe, it is undeniable that e-learning would have a major role to play in the future and both teachers and learners are getting accustomed to this ‘New Normalcy’. This survey analyses the perception of medical first-year students about online learning in the COVID-19 era.

 

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire based study was done and first year medical students were asked to respond. The respondents were asked to answer the questions in Likert-scale, from 1-5. Statistical analysis was done and Test for one proportion was calculated using ‘z’ test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.

 

Results: A total of 122 first year medical students responded to the survey. More than two-thirds of the respondents were females (67%). About 78% of respondents find online learning interesting and enjoyable. More than 80% of students found online education very satisfactory in all aspects. Problems with internet connectivity was the principal challenge faced by the students during online learning. An overwhelming 70% of students felt online teaching to be very beneficial.

 

Conclusion: The pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to the academic schedule. Although many challenges were faced by the teachers and learners, internet connectivity continued to be a major problem in online education. It is the duty of every educationist to ensure an uninterrupted, continuous and an effective process of teaching and learning.
Bullous Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Authors: Babbita S. , Narayanan Sathya , Thillaikarasi . , Narasimhalu C.R.V. , Jayaganesh .
Published: April 2021

Pyoderma gangrenosum(PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by painful necrotic ulcerations. It affects patients between the age of 40 and 60 years. Clinically, it presents as a very painful papulopustule or bulla which rapidly progresses to form deep necrotic ulcers. Hematologic malignancies are commonly linked with bullous PG. We report a case of bullous PG who presented with multiplehaemorrhagic blisters without any systemic associations.
Risk factors of ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack in young women: A case report
Authors: Mamytova Elmira , Kadyrova Aliya , Turgumbaev Dzhamalbek , Zholdoshev Emir , Tagaev Tugolbai
Published: April 2021

This case report aims to demonstrate the clinical significance of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) hypoplasia in a young woman who received a combined oral contraceptive (COC) and its association with arterial occlusion and the development of a lacunar stroke/lacunar cerebral infarct (LACI). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the left frontal lobe revealed multiple subcortical and periventricular amplification/ischemia foci (49.0×17.0 mm), and lacunar infarct loci (2.0×4.0 mm). Brain magnetic resonance angiography revealed a markedly narrowed lumen of the left ICA (2.0–3.0 mm). MRI diffusion-weighted imaging-fluid attenuated inversion recovery revealed a moderate diffuse wall thickening and reinforcement of the left ICA. The patient was diagnosed with LACI and congenital hypoplasia of the left ICA and underwent antiplatelet drug therapy (aspirin - 100 mg) and a complete withdrawal of COC. A full amelioration of neurological symptoms was observed after one month of treatment.
Double Trouble of Double Fistulae
Authors: Dosemane Deviprasad , Khadilkar Meera Niranjan , Gupta Shreyanshi , Nambiar Pooja , Mukherjee Ria
Published: April 2021

The complications of attico-antral type of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) are severe due to underlying bone erosion. We describe a case of a 40-year-old lady with attico-antral CSOM and mastoiditis with a postauricular fistula, who underwent modified radical mastoidectomy with excision of the postauricular cutaneous mastoid fistula. Interestingly, another fistula over the dome of lateral semicircular canal was noted intraoperatively.Few reports of occurrence of postauricular mastoid fistula with a labyrinthine fistula have been documented.
Burnout in Postgraduate Trainees and Consultants working in Psychiatry Departments of Teaching Hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: But Aysha , Rehman Sara , Rahman Minahil
Published: April 2021

Objective: To gauge the prevalence of burnout among postgraduate trainees and consultants working in psychiatry department, Services Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: 31 trainee and consultant psychiatrists in Services Hospital Lahore, Pakistan participated in this cross-sectional study. Abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory (aMBI) measured burnout. It consisted of 9 items, relating to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Each item is scored on a seven-point Likert scale. For Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization, higher scores predicted greater burnout; Personal Accomplishment demonstrated the opposite, hence its scores were inverted. Participants with moderate scores in 2 or more dimensions were identified as suffering from burnout syndrome. Data was analyzed by SPSS 25.0. Result: Mean age of participants was 34.87 ± 8.06 years. 52% were female. 58% were consultants, with average experience of 7 years; 61% practiced in more than one place. 32.3% of participants had burnout syndrome. Emotional Exhaustion subscale showed the highest scores i.e. 7.06 ± 3.43. 71% of participants demonstrated moderate or high burnout in this scale. Average Depersonalization score was 2.94 ± 2.42, while that for Personal Accomplishment was 3.29 ± 2.25. Conclusion: A significant portion of the sample reported moderate and high level of emotional exhaustion. On the contrary, we found low levels of depersonalization in the sample. Most psychiatrists reported adequate levels of personal achievement. These results are reassuring because, despite the presence of emotional burnout, psychiatrists still have capacity to empathize and provide adequate patient care.
A Comparative Study to Assess the Efficacy of Streptokinase in Diabetic Versus Non-Diabetic Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Hassan Zeeshan , Rana Nabeegh , Rana Bakhtawar , Iqbal Asif , Chughtai Ali Javaid
Published: April 2021

Objective: Prominent resolution in the ST segment elevation on electrocardiogram(ECG), thrombolysis at the infarction site restoring perfusion determines the effectiveness of the streptokinase therapy. Hyper- coagulable states and lack of efficacy with streptokinase is seen in diabetics. This study aimed to assess the thrombolytic efficacy of streptokinase in diabetic vs non-diabetics patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Cardiology Department of Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot from 1st September 2019 to 30th April, 2020. Total 504 patients of which 185 diabetics and 319 non-diabetic were selected. All the patients presenting with first episode of acute ST- elevation myocardial infarction were thrombolysed with 1.5million units of streptokinase within 12hours from the onset of their typical chest pain symptoms. A complete record of ECG changes was kept before and 90 min after thrombolysis with streptokinase. Chi- square test was applied and p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: 89.19% diabetic patients had >70% resolution of ST segment changes in comparison to 95.61% non-diabetics. 16.76% of the diabetic patients had increased ST-segment elevation post thrombolysis (P- value 0.001). 8.11% and 10.81% reinfarction rates during hospital stay and at one month post-thrombolysis were recorded in diabetics. Reduced left ventricle Ejection Fraction was seen in 62.16% and 58.62% of the diabetic and non-diabetic patients(P-value<0.005). Conclusion: Comparatively decreased efficacy of streptokinase is seen in diabetic patients with reduced resolution of ST-segment. In correspondence with reduced left ventricle EF, re-infarction and stroke episodes. Key Words: Streptokinase, acute myocardial infarction, STEMI, diabetes mellitus, hypercoagulability, atherosclerosis. How to Cite: Hassan Z., Rana N., Rana B., Iqbal I., Chughtai J.I. A comparative study to assess the efficacy of streptokinase in diabetic versus non-diabetic acute ST elevation myocardial infarction patients. Esculapio 2021;17(01):88-92
Determinants of Diagnostic and treatment delay among Thalassemia patients in Sialkot
Authors:   ,1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,56, Zahra Taskeen , Parvez Ayesha , Tabassum Fizza , Sethi Shahid Mahmood , Khalid Ayesha , Maqbool Noreen
Published: April 2021

Objectives: To find out determinants of diagnostic and treatment delay among patients with thalassemia major in Sialkot. Methods: A cross –sectional analytical study was conducted in Sundas Foundation, Sialkot, from April 2019 to July 2019. A total of 120 patients were selected by convenient sampling and data was collected through semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Important determinants considered were age, gender, literacy of parents, previous knowledge of disease and first health care facility visited. Data was analysed on SPSS version 25.0 and presented in the form of tables and figures. Chi-Square test was applied to study relationships between diagnostic and treatment delays with sociodemographic profile and other factors. P- value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: There was considerable delay of 30-180 days in diagnosis of thalassemia patients (37.5%), 42.7% patients diagnosed in less than 30 days. Treatment delay of 7-21 days in 18% patients seen, 71% started treatment within a week. 30-180 days delay in seeking medical care, was observed in 20.8% patients. Only 24.2%patients visited government health facility for medical care. First facility visited and delay in seeking medical care were significantly associated with diagnostic delay (p value 0.000 and 0.005 respectively). Only 16.7% had previous knowledge about thalassemia and 21.6% parents knew about legislation regarding mandatory pre-marital screening for thalassemia. Conclusion: Among important determinants, first health care facility visited and delay in seeking medical care had significant relationship with diagnostic delay. Better accessibility to healthcare facilities can overcome them. Key words: Diagnostic Delay, Treatment Delay, Thalassemia, Determinants How to cite: Zahra k,pervaiz A,Tabassum F,Sethi S,Khalid A;Determinants of diagnostic and treatment delay among thalassemia patients in Sialkot, Esculapio.2021;17(1);93-99
ANALYSIS OF ELEC SIS OF ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION RA Y CONSUMPTION RATIONING A TIONING AT ENTERPRISES FERROUS METALLURGY
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Khoshimov F , Rakhmonov I
Published: April 2021

Electricity consumption regulation is the primary technical basis for energy consumption planning. Electricity consumption is regulated in the form of specific electricity consumption per unit of production or per unit of work performed. Specific energy consumption rate is understood as the consumption of electricity necessary and sufficient to produce a unit of production or to perform a unit of work in the planned conditions of production and operation. Electricity saving takes place if its actual specific consumption is comparable with progressive norms developed on the basis of introduction of new equipment and technology into production, rational operation of technological equipment and electrical installations. One of the main directions of improvement of rationing is the choice of rationing structure taking into account the objective assessment of actual energy resources saving. The article shows the rationing of electricity consumption in the production of finished products at the enterprises of ferrous metallurgy, in particular, at the electric steelmaking industry. The results of the analysis of the state of electricity consumption rationing in the ferrous metallurgy industry are given. The developed multilevel structure of electricity consumption rationing based on the results of the study, which gives the prospects of determining the possibility of energy saving at the object under consideration, is described.
DEVELOPMENT OF AL T OF ALGORITHM OF OPTIMUM CON THM OF OPTIMUM CONTROL BY MULTIDIMEN-SION TIDIMEN-SIONAL DISCRE AL DISCRETE DYNAMIC OBJEC AMIC OBJECTS BY QUICK Y QUICK CRITERIA
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Siddikov I , Atajonov M
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the development of a synthesis algorithm in the sense of the optimal control of multidimensional dynamic objects by the criterion of speed. To solve this problem, we propose a modified method based on the representation of a discrete system in the form of a space of state variables and using the theorem on N-intervals. When determining the values of control actions, it is proposed to use the values of predicted errors that allow improving the quality of the control process and will provide high accuracy of calculation of control actions.
DEVELOPMENT AND REALIZATION ON THE ECM OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A FRIC TICAL MODEL OF A FRICTION MECH TION MECHANISM WI ANISM WITH A CONTROLLED CONNEC TROLLED CONNECTION IN THE CON TION IN THE CONTACT ZONE
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Karimov K , Akhmedov A
Published: April 2021

In article results of realization оn the COMPUTER of mathematical model of the developed design of the frictional mechanism of the converter of the movement with the operated communication in a zone of contact with use of external physical fields (in particular, electrorheological effect) which is one of the effective principles of precision vibromechanics are considered. For engineering applications, with use of the Maple 13 software product regularities of change of key parameters of mechanical system are defined, studied and analyzed.
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF FERROUS METALLURGY ENTERPRISES BASED ON THE SCHEME OF DECOMPOSITION
Authors: Rakhmonov I
Published: April 2021

The task of determining specific electricity consumption is complex, as it is necessary to take into account a large number of factors affecting the energy indicators that determine the level of these indicators. At the same time, the type and technical condition of the main and auxiliary process equipment in the process of melting, the nomenclature of metal, the volume of consumed components of the process and secondary energy carriers (compressed air, nitrogen, oxygen and other auxiliary components), etc. are taken into account. The error in taking these factors into account may lead to deviations from the actual values of the predicted power consumption, as well as energy indicators. The energy intensity of products and the level of energy consumption also depends on changes in the structure of energy consumption, the latter depending on the need for such process components as compressed air, oxygen, nitrogen, etc. The article considers the results of the analysis of energy indicators of enterprises of ferrous metallurgy, in particular, electrosmelting shop by types of output products on the basis of decomposition scheme. It is shown that the set task is solved by means of construction of dependences of normative energy characteristics on the volume of output products, and also the final decomposition tree is formed - the tree of tasks designed to achieve solutions of energy problems, including the main one - to obtain the value of specific energy consumption. In addition, the article presents the method of determining the share of participation of auxiliary components of the technological process for example of compressed air, nitrogen and oxygen. At calculations the account of the above-stated components gives the chance to define more precisely specific expense of the electric power.
APPROXIMATION MODEL OF A T TION MODEL OF A TYPICAL MECH YPICAL MECHANICAL OBJEC ANICAL OBJECT WITH DISTRIBUTED PARAMETERS
Authors: Verlan A , Sagatov M , Karimova D , Fayzullaev U
Published: April 2021

. The article discusses the method of approximation transformations for the study of a typical mechanical object with distributed parameters. A mathematical description of an object with distributed parameters, which is given in the form of a partial differential equation, and their structural models are considered. An approximation model has been obtained with a number of unique properties that have proven useful in the construction of structural models of electromechanical systems.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF MULTI-CASCADE COMPOSITE TRANSISTORS FOR STABILIZING THE OPERATING MODE OF OUTPUT CASCADES OF RADIO ENGINEERING DEVICES
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Yarmukhamedov A , Zhabborov A , Turimbetov B
Published: April 2021

Experimental results and computer simulation of multi-stage composite transistors are presented. To study the volt - ampere characteristics of multistage composite transistors, a dialogue computer simulation program, the Delphi programming environment, has been developed. It is shown that the proposed multistage composite transistors can improve manufacturability in its industrial production. It is shown that multistage homostructure transistors according to the Darlington and Shiklai circuits operate stably at collector-emitter voltages five times higher than in the case of individual transistors. The power dissipated on the collector is 3 times higher than the rated value of the maximum permissible power of the composite transistors. It is established that the efficiency of the method of stabilizing the emitter current of a three-link homostructure transistor is 7 times higher in voltage and three orders of magnitude higher in temperature compared to a conventional composite transistor. The proposed homostructure transistors are designed to operate in terminal stages of power amplifiers, radio transmitting devices, electronic equipment of industrial and automotive electronics
METHOD FOR PRIMARY PROCESSING OF HERE SILKWORM COCOONS BY USING INFRARED RADIATION AND ELASTIC WAVES
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Safarov J , Sultanova Sh , Samandarov D
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the results of an experimental study of the primary processing of silkworm cocoons. In the laboratory of the department of Tashkent State Technical University a full-scale test was carried out for the primary processing of silkworm cocoons. Experimental work was carried out to pacify and dry the living cocoons of the silkworm of the duragay cultivar “MusaffoTola” grown during the summer season. Studies were carried out to determine parameters such as temperature and time of the primary processing of the silkworm in 5- fold repetition.The initial moisture content of live silkworm cocoons was 36–40%. According to the results of laboratory - experimental work, the appearance of mold was observed in 25-30% of processed cocoons of the silkworm, at 55-60 °C in 10 days a butterfly formed in 15-20% of the cocoons. The processed cocoons of the silkworm at a temperature of 75-85 °C deteriorated due to the release of liquid.It was revealed during observations that silkworm cocoons processed in the temperature range 65-70 °С using vibration waves were euthanized within 30 minutes and the cocoons were dried to 10-12% humidity within 10 days at a temperature of 38-42 °С. The use of elastic waves in the processing of cocoons proceeded 5-10% lower compared to the processing method using vibrational waves.
OBTAINING SOME THERMOD AINING SOME THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS CONTAINING ME AINING METACRYLATE AND ALL TE AND ALLYL GROUPS CON YL GROUPS CONTAINING IN COMPOSITION
Authors: Akhmedov Kh , Bekpulatov Zh , Solijonova G , Sharifova N
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the results of studying the material composition and the development of technology for processing gold-bearing sulfide ore samples. The material composition of the ore samples was studied by spectral, chemical, assay and rational analysis of gold and silver. Based on a study of the material composition of the ore samples, the following conclusions were made: gold and silver are the industry's most valuable components. It is shown that the use of sulfuric acid treatment of a cinder of graviofloraf concentrate can allow to improve the technological performance of the process. As a result of the mixture of gravio-flotation concentrate after sulfuric acid treatment drying, grinding to a size of 95% CL. -0,074+0 mm and subjected to sorption cyanidation. In the initial cake, the content of gold -77.83 u. e. and silver-16.3 u. e., the concentration of sodium cyanide 0.15%, the ratio W:t=2:1; resin AM-2B-5% of the pulp volume, the duration of cyanidation 36 hours.the Content in the tailings of cyanidation of gold - 6.5 u. e., and silver - 4.8 u. e. the Extraction of noble metals in solution and on the resin was 91.65 and 70.55%, respectively. Through extraction of 87.63% gold and 55.6% silver from ore.
EFFECT OF IN T OF INTERMEDI TERMEDIATE CONNEC TE CONNECTIONS ON THE TIONS ON THE GENERATOR`S ST OR`S STATIC STABILITY
Authors: Shernazarov S
Published: April 2021

This article provides the influence of the active, inductive capacitive load on the static stability of synchronous generators and compiled the angular characteristics of the generator power at various loads. When a resistive load is connected, an intermediate power extraction of Pr (δ) occurs. It can be defined as the difference Rg (δ) – Ph (δ) = Pr (δ), depending on the angle δ. The presence of this selection leads to an increase in the ultimate in static stability generator power. However, this reduces the possibility of transmitting power to the receiving system. Therefore, we can talk about the ambiguous (positive or negative) effect of the intermediate active load on the static stability of the generator of a single-machine power system. The reactors are connected tightly or through switches at the end points of power transmission lines with a length of over 300 km to prevent over voltages during switching to compensate for the excess reactive power generated by power lines. Capacitor batteries (CB) are sometimes installed and connected at intermediate points of power lines in order to maintain normal voltage levels when transmitting high power fluxes. It should be noted that the conclusions regarding the effect of shunt reactors and capacitor banks on static stability apply to complex power systems
ANALYSIS OF MONI SIS OF MONITORING OF THE A ORING OF THE AT-3 AUTOTRANSFORM TRANSFORMATOR IN T OR IN TashTES MODE
Authors: Isakov F
Published: April 2021

The article considers the results of the analysis of autotransformers operation mode monitoring. The time diagram of active load current and oil temperature of autotransformer TashTES AT-3 is established and during one year changes of these variables and basic parameters of autotransformer were observed. Technical faults of the power transformer and high power autotransformer are established and methods of their elimination are determined. Damage of transformers and autotransformers with voltage of 110-500 kV of about 30% of the total number of outages which were accompanied by internal short-circuits and two main causes of damage were determined. The main causes of technological failures, which were not accompanied by internal short-circuits, are as follows: 20% of failures in operation of the onload tap-changer, 16% of oil leaks from the bushings, 13% of oil leaks and lowering of oil from the transformer due to violation of welded joints and rubber seals, 4% of engine damage to oil pumps of the cooling system, 3% of pressure increase in high-voltage hermetic bushings, 2% of film protection shell damage. The main reasons of technological violations accompanied by internal short-circuit in the transformer are as follows: breakdown of internal insulation of highvoltage bushings, insufficient short-circuit resistance, wear and tear of winding insulation, breakdown of insulation.
DECOMPOSITIONAL METHOD FOR MODELLING AND STUDYING PULSE-WID PULSE-WIDTH AUTOMATIC CON TIC CONTROL SY TROL SYSTEMS BASED ON STEMS BASED ON DYNAMIC GRAPHS
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Kadirov A , Kadirova D , Nazarov A
Published: April 2021

Systems with pulse-width modulation are essentially non-linear automatic control systems. The complexity factors of pulse-width systems include multivariable, the multirate nature of the pulse-width modulators work, and the nonstationarity of control objects. Such systems have been known for a long time and are now widely used. Various exact and approximate methods have been proposed for the analysis and synthesis of PWM systems. The field of the practical application of known methods is limited to single-variable systems because classical approaches provide for the consideration of the initial structures as a whole. Hence, the root cause of the fundamental difficulties arising in the study of such systems.This article proposes a decompositional method for modelling and studying multivariable pulse-width automatic control systems based on the dynamic graph models. One of the key factor when create the one approach for mathematical formulation, analysis and synthesis of discrete dynamic systems is the maximum consideration of general physical special features in terms of these systems. The general fundamental singularity of systems concerned is the natural decomposition (structure discretization) on simple subsystems or structural states of Si . In the multivariable pulse-width systems, the model of each separate or cross channel is a singlevariable impulse system graph. Decomposition into processes in separate and cross channels allows to change the parameters of certain channels and to carry out interval correction of dynamic processes occurring in transmission channels. This method can be used for analysis and synthesis of both single-variable and multivariable systems
OBTAINING SOME THERMOD AINING SOME THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS CONTAINING ME AINING METACRYLATE AND ALL TE AND ALLYL GROUPS CON YL GROUPS CONTAINING IN COMPOSITION
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Abdukakhkharova M , Ismailov A , Mirzaev U , Ismailov R
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the preparation of some thermodynamic parameters characterizing the final product of complex radical polymerization of amino alkyl acrylate derivatives containing both methacrylate and alkyl groups of low molecular weight compounds with electron acceptors - polymerization initiators at temperatures that exclude thermal decomposition of the initiators themselves. The equilibrium constant of the complication reaction and the molar extinction coefficient of the complex were determined by graphically solving the Bеneshe-Hildebrand equation, the heats of complex formation, entropy, Gibbs energy were found, and the elemental composition of low molecular weight and high molecular weight substances was determined. As can be seen from the studies, the molar extinction coefficient of the complex practically does not depend on temperature, and the equilibrium constant of the complexation reaction even in a narrow temperature range (283–293 K) increases with increasing temperature. The structure and composition of the synthesized monomeric and polymer salt were also considered in the work, and confirmed by IR-spectroscopy and analysis of elemental composition, the obtained spectroscopic data showed that the unit of the formed polymer corresponds in composition and structure to the monomeric quaternary salt, and the allyl bond in the polymers is preserved. It can be seen from the studies that, with an increase in the concentration of both the monomer and the initiator, the reaction rate naturally increases.
INFLUENCE OF THE NATURE OF THE GRIND ON TOUGHNESS OF THE PAPER
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Atakhanova N , Galimova Z , Babahanova K
Published: April 2021

Influence of the nature of the grind is considered In article on mechanical characteristic of the paper on base cotton with different percent accompaniment of the wheat cellulose. The Known that process of the milling of the paper mass is conducted solely big importance in creation the most varied characteristic paper sheet. Depending on the duration of the grinding, the nature of the degree of grinding and the properties of the paper change. For example, with a low (cage) degree of grinding the pulp, it is predominantly chopped fibers above the surface fibrillation, resulting in a loose and porous sheet structure. To obtain a dense, closed and strong sheet structure, a high degree of grinding of the mass (greasy mass) is necessary, ensuring the predominance of fibrillated fibers with a well-developed surface. Studies have established that the duration of milling of pulp from coniferous species of wood with sulfate bleached ennobled at 150 minutes achieves a degree of grinding of 60 ShR ° C, then 10 minutes are enough for straw sulfate bleached. It Is Installed that for reception of the paper with accompaniment of the wheat cellulose with mechanical toughness, being up to quality standard, sufficient degree of the grind 40 0 ShR and does not follow to use the thick concentration of the mass. The Studies of the influence composite composition on toughness of the paper has revealled that under 10% before 20% accompaniment of the wheat cellulose is provided stability of importances, the most further accompaniment promotes the reception of the porous paper.
DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-SPEED ALGORITM OF NEUROLOGICAL CONCLUSION
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, I Siddikov , Yadgarova D
Published: April 2021

One of the ways to increase the efficiency of the process of managing continuous dynamic objects is to develop new or improve existing control systems based on modern methods involving the achievements of information technology. The article deals with the creation of highly efficient control algorithms for technological objects, operating in conditions of uncertainty, designed to manage real-life objects. An algorithm is proposed for the structural-parametric adaptation of the PID parameters (proportional-integral-differential) -regulator, which allows to reduce the number of iterations in the learning process of the fuzzy-logical inference algorithm by reducing empty solutions. To determine the empty solutions, hybrid algorithms are used, which include modernized genetic and immune algorithms, which in turn allow you to configure the adaptation parameters of artificial neural network models. A block diagram of an automated control system for executive mechanisms is proposed, which includes a block for adapting the correction of not only parameters, but also the structure of the control system, which allows to reduce the error in the results of training a neuro-fuzzy network from 8 to 1%. The proposed algorithm is simple to implement on microcontrollers, which allows it to be implemented in the tasks of process control in the conditions of information uncertainty in real conditions at the operation stage.
De la Marea Adriatică în Dacia, aventura monedelor tezaurului de la Apoș (lotul III)
Authors: Purece Silviu I.
Published: April 2021

In the collection of Valea Hârtibaciului Museum of Agnita is kept a group of coins issued by Dyrrhachium and discovered at Apoș. This lot contains 10 coins which can be part of the Apoș hoard, from which two lots, preserved in the Brukenthal National Museum’s numismatic collection, were published. Taking in account all those groups, we can establish that, at least until now, we know 54 coins of this hoard. Like many others monetary deposits with Dyrrhachian coins found in Dacia, this one it is dominated by the coins of group V. It is very possible to have a hiding horizon in the southern Transylvania dated no long after the middle of the 1st century BC, probably created by the harsh political and military environment generated by the fall of Burebista’s power.
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Daring Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Yulianto Dwi , Nugraheni Aninditya Sri
Published: April 2021

Tujuan artikel ini untuk mendeskripsikan keefektivan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia saat daring. Metode Penelitian artikel ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian kualitatif merupakan penelitian yang mendeskripsikan secara rinci serta mendalam dan menghasilkan data berupa kata-kata yang bersumber dari tertulis  atau lisan dari oarang-orang yang diamati. Digunakannya penelitian kualitatif ini untuk dapat memahami tindakan-tindakan pada subjek dan objek yang diteliti melalui teknik-teknik penelitian kualitatif seperti wawancara secara mendalam. Karena kondisi daring maka bentuk wawancara dilakukan dengan wawancara online menggunakan aplikasi WhatsApp. Sumber data primer yaitu siswa kelas VI B SD Sendangsari, Pajangan, Bantul yang berjumlah 29 siswa dan sumber data sekunder yaitu bahan pustaka, buku, dan jurnal-jurnal yang berhubungan dengan artikel ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Dari jumlah 29 siswa kelas VI B SD Sendangsari, didapatkan hasil wawancara sebanyak 26 siswa setuju dengan pembelajaran daring. Selebihnya tidak setuju karena kondisi keluarga mereka yang masih kurang sejahtera. Berdasarkan pembahasan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dalam metode daring dapat dikatakan cukup efektif. Terlihat dari tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran Bahasa yaitu mengembangkan keterampilan Bahasa Indonesia.
TRADITIONAL PESANTREN CURRICULUM AND LEARNING CULTURE AS TAFAQQUH FIDDÎN IN ROUDHOTUL ULUM ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL
Authors: Rosyita Desi , Royhatudin Aat , Budiana Budiana
Published: April 2021

The traditional pesantren curriculum has unique and prominent characteristics. However, in an ineffective learning process, the close relationship with kiai/school leader can hinder the development of the culture and understanding of the religion of santri/students' Tafaqquh Fiddîn, especially in the Roudhotul Ulum Cidahu Pandeglang Islamic Boarding School. The purpose of this research is how the traditional pesantren curriculum and the learning culture of students can realize the Tafaqquh Fiddîn of the santri at the Roudhotul Ulum Cidahu Pandeglang Islamic Boarding School, namely the relationship between the students and the kiai is well developed. The methodology used in this research is qualitative research. The approach used is a case study at the Salafi Islamic Boarding School Roudhotul Ulum Cidahu Pandeglang. The results of this study prove that the traditional pesantren curriculum at the pesantren is able to realize a complete, balanced understanding and practice of Islamic religious values ​​between the world and the hereafter. The learning culture is formed on the basis of tafaquh fiddîn orientation by getting used to prayer, tadarus, and asking for the benefits of knowledge, which until now is still run consistently. Then, the understanding of their religiousity can be seen from the polite personality of the santri, the professional competence of the santri and the dissemination of knowledge with good behavior and character as taught in the traditional pesantren Cidahu Pandeglang.
THE EFFECT OF GUIDED WRITING ON STUDENTS' WRITING SKILLS
Authors: Khoiriyah Eneng Liah , Rasikin Rasikin
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is to explain whether the effect of guided writing can improve the students’ writing skill. The writer conducted in quasi experiment in this research. There are involving two classes for the research, namely experiment class and control class. The experiment class used guided writing as the technique and the control class without using guided writing. Before starting the treatment, the writer giving pre-test to know how far the students’ ability in writing text. After the writer giving the pre-test, the writer give the treatment to the experimental class, in the case the eighth grade students in class 8. The writer applied the technique or treatment of using guided writing. The next meeting the writer gave post-test to find out whether there was significance effect using guided writing technique toward the writing skill students. the result of the study, the researcher drew two conclusions. The first conclusion is that guided writing can significantly improve the students’ writing skill. In this case, the students could correctly construct sentences based on the grammar explained by the researcher. In general, students are encouraged to practice writing as much as possible. The second point to be concluded is that the implementation of guided writing has improved the students motivation in learning writing.
NÍVEL DE LESÃO EM MEMBROS INFERIORES DE BAILARINOS CLÁSSICOS
Authors: Campos Felix William Medeiros , Aragão Janaina Alvarenga , Moura Edênia Raquel de Barros , Figueiredo Luciano Silva , Moura Vitória Martins Granja de , Luz Michael Junior de Oliveira
Published: April 2021

A dança, na verdade, acompanha o homem desde sua aparição e em sua organização social. Foram diversas as formas pelas quais esta atividade se manifestava no homem, ele dançava como meio de comunicação, acasalamento, interação de grupos, relações, etc. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo, conhecer lesões ósseas – articulares mais comuns em bailarinos de dança clássica, decorrentes da forma de execução, quantidade de treino diários, especificamente do movimento e da Fadiga corporal, e tem como hipótese inicial a repercussão que existe na saúde do bailarino decorrente de uma temporada exaustiva de treinos de dança clássica. A pesquisa ocorreu no Ballet Releve no município de Picos Piauí, integrando 23 bailarinos de dança clássica. Os voluntários eram mistos sendo 4 meninos e 19 meninas, cujo foi estabelecido que a turma pratica 12 horas semanais de treino de dança, 100% da turma teve ao longo da sua carreira acadêmica um tipo de lesão. Dentro os bailarinos avaliados, apenas 9% estão com sobrepeso e 91% com o IMC normal. Entre os bailarinos entre 11 e 15 anos, 43% calçaram a primeira sapatilha aos 10 anos. Conclui-se que o período extremo de treino de dança clássica, a má alimentação, o esforço repetitivo de exercícios, e as horas de pouco descanso para o dançarino leva a uma fadiga corporal e a lesões ósseas – articulares.
Sensations Reported During Urodynamic Bladder Filling in Spinal Cord Injury Patients Give Additional Important Information
Authors: Wyndaele Jean-Jacques , Wyndaele Michel , Rosier Peter F.W.M.
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the sensations reported during filling cystometry in patients with spinal cord lesions (SCLs) of different levels and completeness.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, information was gathered on patients’ age and sex, cause of SCL, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS), and lower urinary tract-related sensations in daily life. Filling cystometry (videourodynamics) was performed following the International Continence Society Good Urodynamic Practice Guidelines. In addition to bladder filling sensations (first sensation of bladder filling, first desire to void, strong desire to void), other sensations, such as detrusor overactivity related sensation and pain, were noted.Results: In total, 170 patients were included (age, 45±17 years; 114 males and 56 females, 92 with complete and 78 with incomplete SCL). The test was done 6±4 years post-SCL. Sensation was reported by 57% of all patients. Half of the patients with complete SCL (46 of 92) had sensation, while 36% of those with incomplete SCL (28 of 78) reported no sensation. Bladder awareness was not predictable by the AIS. The filling sensations reported were equivalent to those given in the terminology of ICS. Pain was seldom present (6%, 10 of 170), and detrusor overactivity contraction was felt by 45 of 78 (58%). Very few patients used sensory information for bladder management at home.Conclusions: After SCL, most patients retained the ability to be aware of the lower urinary tract, and were assessable and gradable during urodynamic testing. The filling sensations were not different from those described in healthy individuals, but the number and sequence of the sensations were altered in a minority of patients. Pain and a sensation of unstable contractions gave additional important information. As different sensations relate to different spinal afferent pathways, the sensory evaluation during cystometry provided additional important information on the spinal cord’s condition.
Evaluation of Different Aquaculture Feed Ingredients in Indonesia Using Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Henriksson Patrik John Gustav , Mohan Chadag Vishnumurthy , Phillips Michael John
Published: April 2021

Indonesia’s aquaculture industry has grown by almost 25% annually over the last five years, an achievement enabled through the increased use of commercial aquaculture feeds, made from agricultural, capture fisheries and livestock resources. The reliance of aquaculture on capture fisheries has, however, attracted criticism, as has the land use consequences of imported Brazilian soybeans. Sourcing more sustainable resources has thus become part of maintaining a good environmental image and to secure long-term growth. In the present study we applied LCA to a number of feed ingredients used by the Indonesian aquaculture industry, including local fishmeal, rice and maize, as well as imported soybean, wheat and livestock byproduct meal (BPM). The impact categories global warming, acidification, eutrophication, land occupation and freshwater consumption were evaluated. Shrimp byproduct meal was generally associated with the largest emissions, followed by poultry byproduct meal. Wheat bran from Australia was the agricultural product with the largest acidification impacts, while rice bran had largest freshwater requirements. Overall, however, a shift is needed away from the overexploited local fish stocks towards alternative substitutes.
Perspectives on Life Cycle Assessment Application and Research in Thailand
Authors: Gheewala Shabbir , Mungcharoen Thumrongrut
Published: April 2021

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been initiated in Thailand since the late 1990s with the first life cycle inventory (LCI) of the electricity grid mix and the offering of the first full graduate course. Since then it has come a long way through the development of the national LCI database and application in various research, industry as well as policy initiatives. LCA has been used extensively as an evaluation and decision tool in agri-food products, energy as well as many other sectors. Many graduate studies as well as research and industrial LCA projects have been performed. Related activities include the proliferation of carbon footprint labeling and application in green purchasing initiatives. Industry has been very actively participating in the carbon footprinting applications, some of them extending their interest to full LCAs for environmental performance evaluation and sustainability reporting. More recently, efforts have also been moving in the direction of looking at life cycle impact assessment methods from a Thailand perspective. Also, with interest in LCA from the policy making perspective, a capacity building effort has been initiated to train researchers in conducting LCA-related research on a sustained basis and ensure that Thailand keeps abreast of the international trends and discussions.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) refuse derived fuel (RDF) waste in pusat inovasi agro teknologi (PIAT) Universitas Gadjah Mada as alternative waste management for energy
Authors: Anasstasia Titi Tiara , Azis Muhammad Mufti , Haryanto Imam , Pratama Rio Arya
Published: April 2021

Pusat Inovasi Agroteknologi (PIAT) handles institutional waste generated from Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM). Waste from UGM is called Institutional Solid Waste (ISW) reaches 1,427.27 kg / week. In this study, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis was used as a tool to calculate and evaluate the environmental impact of potential ISW conversion to densified Refused Derived Fuel (dRDF) with gate to gate framework system. For simulation, OpenLCA software equipped with Ecoinvent database was used in this work. The results showed that conversion of combustible inorganic waste into densified Refuse Derived Fuel (dRDF) along with conversion of organic waste into compost gave following environmental impacts: global warming potential of 1.3E+00 kg CO2 eq, acidification 3.9E-03kg SO4 eq., eutrophication 7.1E-01 kg P eq., human toxicity 1.2E+00 kg 1.4-dichlorobenzene and terrestrial ecotoxicity 6.1E-02 kg 1.4-dichlorobenzene. By separating combustible from non-combustible inorganic waste may significantly improve the quality of dRDF as well as the quantity of compost. The substitution of coal using dRDF combined with the selling of compost is a feasible option. In addition, our results also showed that installation of exhaust gas emission control could further reduce the environmental impact of dRDF production. An economic evaluation was also conducted to evaluate the scenario of converting ISW into dRDF and compost. This option appeared to be profitable, provided that no restrictions to the processed waste, steady flow of dRDF product to the end-users, and the presence of standard price for dRDF.