bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intimate Partner Violence and Intimate Partner Homicide: Development of a Typology Based on Psychosocial Characteristics
Authors: Vignola-Lévesque Carolanne , Léveillée Suzanne
Published: June 2021

Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains an important and alarming global issue. Studies have put forth different profiles of perpetrators of IPV according to the severity of the violence and the presence of psychopathology. The objective of this study was to develop a typology of perpetrators of IPV and intimate partner homicide (IPH) according to their criminological, situational, and psychological characteristics, such as alexithymia. Alexithymia is when a person has difficulty identifying and describing emotions and in distinguishing feelings from bodily sensations of emotional arousal. Data were collected from 67 male perpetrators of IPV and/or homicide. Cluster analyses suggest four profiles: the homicial abandoned partner (19.4%), the generally angry/aggressive partner (23.9%), the controlling violent partner (34.3%), and the unstable dependent partner (22.4%). Comparative analyses show that the majority of the homicidal abandoned partners had committed IPH, had experienced the breakup of a relationship, and had a history of self-destructive behaviors; the generally angry/aggressive partners were perpetrators of IPV without homicide with a criminal history and who were alexithymic; the controlling violent partners had a criminal lifestyle and committed IPH; and the unstable dependent partners had committed IPV without homicide, were alexithymic, but had no criminal history. Establish a better understanding of the psychological issues within each profile of perpetrators of violence within the couple can help promote the prevention of IPV and can help devise interventions for these individuals.
A Case Study of Municipal Taxation by Citation
Authors: Carpenter Dick M. , Sweetland Kyle , McDonald Jennifer
Published: June 2021

This study examines taxation by citation—local governments using code enforcement and the justice system to raise revenue rather than solely to advance public health and safety. It does so through a detailed case study of Morrow, Riverdale, and Clarkston, three Georgia cities with a history of prolific revenue generation through fines and fees from traffic and other ordinance enforcement. Results suggest taxation by citation is a function of the perceived need for revenue and the ability to realize it through code enforcement. Moreover, the phenomenon may be a matter of systemic incentives. City leaders need not be motivated by simple rapaciousness. They may see fines and fees revenue as the answer to their cities’ problems. Once in effect, the mechanisms necessary for taxation by citation—such as highly efficient court procedures—may stick, becoming business as usual.
Intravenous Acetaminophen Overdose in an Infant With Toxicokinetic Data
Authors: Trebach Joshua , Mahonski Sarah G. , Melchert Kristina , Howland Mary Ann , Chiang William K.
Published: June 2021

The toxicokinetics of pediatric intravenous (IV) acetaminophen (APAP) in overdose is not well described and few case reports with serial APAP concentrations allowing for calculations of half-life exist. Here, we report toxicokinetic data from a case of an unintentional IV APAP overdose in a 12-month-old male who was treated with NAC.

Case Report:

A 12-month-old (former 24 week gestational age), 8.7 kg male was hospitalized after an uneventful colostomy reversal. In the postoperative unit, the patient unintentionally received 1000 mg IV (114.9 mg/kg) acetaminophen instead of the intended 100 mg IV. Serial acetaminophen concentrations were drawn. The patient received IV Nacetylcysteine and ultimately had no adverse outcomes.

Discussion:

This case report adds to the existing literature regarding toxicokinetics of IV APAP in infants. Our patient had a calculated ke of 0.263 h-1, correlating with a half-life of 2.63 hours. Based on current available data, the half-life of IV APAP in infants varies (2.6 to 4.9 hours). The reason for this variation is unknown and further research is needed in this area.
Extraction of local and global features by a convolutional neural network–long short-term memory network for diagnosing bearing faults
Authors: Chao Zhang , Wei-zhi Wang , Chen Zhang , Bin Fan , Jian-guo Wang , Gu Fengshou , Xue Yu
Published: June 2021

Accurate and reliable fault diagnosis is one of the key and difficult issues in mechanical condition monitoring. In recent years, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been widely used in mechanical condition monitoring, which is also a great breakthrough in the field of bearing fault diagnosis. However, CNN can only extract local features of signals. The model accuracy and generalization of the original vibration signals are very low in the process of vibration signal processing only by CNN. Based on the above problems, this paper improves the traditional convolution layer of CNN, and builds the learning module (local feature learning block, LFLB) of the local characteristics. At the same time, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is introduced into the network, which is used to extract the global features. This paper proposes the new neural network—improved CNN-LSTM network. The extracted deep feature is used for fault classification. The improved CNN-LSTM network is applied to the processing of the vibration signal of the faulty bearing collected by the bearing failure laboratory of Inner Mongolia University of science and technology. The results show that the accuracy of the improved CNN-LSTM network on the same batch test set is 98.75%, which is about 24% higher than that of the traditional CNN. The proposed network is applied to the bearing data collection of Western Reserve University under the condition that the network parameters remain unchanged. The experiment shows that the improved CNN-LSTM network has better generalization than the traditional CNN.
Study of the effects of link tolerances to estimate mechanical errors in 3-

R

RS parallel manipulator
Authors: Jain Anshul , Jawale HP
Published: June 2021

This paper presents the mechanical error estimation under the effects of link tolerances in a 3-degree-of-freedom (DoF) 3-RRS Spatial Parallel Manipulator (SPM). Position level kinematic analysis and workspace analysis in the form of reachable and orientation workspace are carried out initially. Then, the effect of link tolerances on individual link is studied at the position of mid-point and orientation of the movable platform. The corresponding mechanical errors are estimated. The effect of link tolerance variation is studied to know the pattern of mechanical error. The 3-D CAD model in SolidWorks is used to validate the results. The conclusions are drawn that lead to error minimization at the tolerance design stage.
Combined Use of Tocilizumab and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Treatment of Severe Covid-19: Case Report
Authors: Senegaglia Alexandra Cristina , Rebelatto Carmen Lúcia Kuniyoshi , Franck Claudio Luciano , Lima Juliana Souza , Boldrini-Leite Lidiane Maria , Daga Debora Regina , Leitão Cleverson Alex , Shigunov Patrícia , de Azambuja Ana Paula , Bana Elisa , Marsaro Daniela Boscaro , Schaidt Bruna , Micosky Andressa , Jamur Valderez Ravaglio , Schluga Yara , Vaz Isadora May , Ribeiro Lisandro Lima , Correa Alejandro , Brofman e Paulo Roberto Slud
Published: June 2021

The coronavirus pandemic is one of the most significant public health events in recent history. Currently, no specific treatment is available. Some drugs and cell-based therapy have been tested as alternatives to decrease the disease’s symptoms, length of hospital stay, and mortality. We reported the case of a patient with a severe manifestation of COVID-19 in critical condition who did not respond to the standard procedures used, including six liters of O2 supplementation under a nasal catheter and treatment with dexamethasone and enoxaparin in prophylactic dose. The patient was treated with tocilizumab and an advanced therapy product based on umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSC). The combination of tocilizumab and UC-MSC proved to be safe, with no adverse effects, and the results of this case report prove to be a promising alternative in the treatment of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2.
Acupuncture for post-stroke cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kuang Xu , Fan Wenjuan , Hu Jiawei , Wu Liqun , Yi Wei , Lu Liming , Xu Nenggui
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).

Methods:

The Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical (VIP), Wanfang, and Chinese Biological Medicine (CBM) databases were electronically searched from their inception to 10 April 2019. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale were used as outcomes to assess effectiveness with respect to cognitive function. Assessment of risk of bias (ROB) and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment were performed by two reviewers independently. Data were analyzed using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3.

Results:

A total of 28 trials with 2144 participants were included in the qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. Four of the 28 trials (14%) were assessed as being at overall low ROB, 24 of the 28 trials (86%) were assessed as having overall high ROB. The quality of evidence for both MoCA and MMSE were deemed to be very low by the GRADE criteria. Results indicated that acupuncture groups may be benefiting more than non-acupuncture groups with respect to variation of MoCA scores (merged mean difference (MMD): 2.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.18 to 3.13, p < 0.00001; heterogeneity: χ2 = 35.52, p = 0.0007, I2 = 63%), and the heterogeneity decreased in both subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. In addition, acupuncture groups might be benefiting more than non-acupuncture groups in terms of changes in MMSE score (MMD = 2.97, 95% CI = 2.13 to 3.80, p < 0.00001; heterogeneity: χ2 = 269.75; p < 0.00001; I2 = 92%), and the heterogeneity decreased in subgroup analysis. Only one RCT addressed adverse events, and the symptoms were mild and did not affect treatment and evaluation.

Conclusion:

Acupuncture could be effective and safe for PSCI. Nevertheless, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to the high ROB of included trials and very low quality of evidence for assessed outcomes.
The Role of Parental Involvement in Narrowing the Academic Achievement Gap for High School Students With Elevated Emotional and Behavioral Risks
Authors: Lambert Matthew C. , Duppong Hurley Kristin , January Stacy-Ann , Huscroft D’Angelo Jacqueline
Published: June 2021

Parental involvement in school is an undoubtedly important element of a student’s educational experience and outcomes. Students with elevated emotional and behavioral risks (EBR) tend to experience poor educational outcomes, and research suggests varying levels of parental involvement across domains for these at-risk students. However, there is minimal research on the links between elevated EBR, parental involvement, and academic achievement for high school students. The purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which (a) parental involvement differed between high school students with elevated EBR and students without EBR, (b) parental involvement was related to academic outcomes, and (c) the gap in academic achievement between students with elevated EBR and students without EBR could be attributed to differences in parental involvement. To address these questions, we fit a structural equation model using data from the High School Longitudinal Survey of 2009. The results demonstrated that (a) parental involvement was significantly lower in multiple domains for students with elevated EBR, (b) was significantly associated with academic outcomes, and (c) differences in parental involvement could account for a significant proportion of the achievement gap. Research limitations, directions for future research directions, and implications are discussed.
A nonlinear seat suspension with high-static low-dynamic stiffness based on negative stiffness structure for helicopter
Authors: Davoodi Ehsan , Safarpour Pedram , Pourgholi Mahdi , Khazaee Mostafa
Published: June 2021

One of the most important issues for the helicopter pilots is the health risk due to the vibration transmitted to the pilot through the seat. In this article, a seat suspension based on negative stiffness structure is presented to decrease the vibration transmitted to the pilot in both vertical and lateral directions without losing the loading capacity of the system. Here, an integrated model of the suspension–cushion–occupant is derived. To generalize the results of system analysis and its usability in other applications, the impact of parameters on the system performance is studied in dimensionless form. Despite coupling between the lateral and vertical directions, the design parameters of the seat suspension are determined in such a way that the system responds simultaneously as a negative stiffness structure in both directions. The system efficiency in vibration damping is assessed by seat effective amplitude transmissibility and transmissibility criteria. In addition, the whole body vibration and impact of the vibration on the pilot body are evaluated using ISO-2631. To verify the system efficiency in more realistic situation, the simulations are performed using the measured vibration data of a Bell-412 helicopter. The results indicate that the vibration amplitude is decreased by about 45% and 48% in the lateral and vertical directions, respectively. The frequency spectrum comparison of the seat and cabin floor reveals 80% reduction of amplitude in fundamental frequency in the vertical direction, whereas it is about 93% in the lateral direction. Furthermore, the level of pilot’s comfort and perception is improved that demonstrates better riding quality and reduced vibration environment.
Association between Polygenic Risk Scores for ADHD and Asthma: A Birth Cohort Investigation
Authors: Leffa Douglas Teixeira , Horta Bernardo , Barros Fernando C. , Menezes Ana M. B. , Martins-Silva Thais , Hutz Mara Helena , Bau Claiton Henrique Dotto , Grevet Eugenio Horacio , Rohde Luis Augusto , Tovo-Rodrigues Luciana
Published: June 2021

Objective:

Shared genetic mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the comorbidity between ADHD and asthma. To evaluate their genetic overlap, we relied on data from the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort to test the association between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for ADHD (ADHD-PRSs) and asthma, and PRSs for asthma (asthma-PRSs) and ADHD.

Method:

We analyzed data collected at birth, 2, 22, and 30 years from 3,574 individuals.

Results:

Subjects with ADHD had increased risk of having asthma (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.01–3.66). The association was stronger for females. Our results showed no evidence of association between ADHD-PRSs and asthma or asthma-PRSs and ADHD. However, an exploratory analysis suggested that adult ADHD might be genetically associated with asthma.

Conclusion:

Our results do not support a shared genetic background between both conditions. Findings should be viewed in light of important limitations, particularly the sample size and the self-reported asthma diagnosis. Studies in larger datasets are required to better explore the genetic overlap between adult ADHD and asthma.
Voice, Counterspaces, and Ethical Care in Research With Black Women With Trauma and Incarceration Histories
Authors: Gunn Alana
Published: June 2021

Formerly incarcerated women face diverse challenges to re-entry, which include recovering from health illnesses and trauma to navigating various systems of stigma and surveillance. It is these multilevel challenges to reintegration that also make formerly incarcerated women vulnerable participants in research. As such, this qualitative study explores how 28 formerly incarcerated Black women experience the research interview process. Findings revealed that women participated in research because these contexts were viewed as spaces for “truth telling” and increasing awareness that can effect changes in the lives of communities facing trauma. Moreover, the participants perceived the interview process to allow them to share their pasts in ways that can promote healing and recovery. Participants also discussed risks of emotional distress and anticipatory fears regarding imbalanced researcher–participant dynamics. The implications for antioppressive, compassionate interviewing practices underscore the need for greater considerations of the role of the researcher and how they contribute to women’s recovery from complex trauma and illness.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum in domestic cats from Germany, Austria and Switzerland and clinical/laboratory findings in 18 PCR-positive cats (2008–2020)
Authors: Schäfer Ingo , Kohn Barbara , Müller Elisabeth
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is considered the most significant rickettsial pathogen affecting cats. The organism is transmitted by ticks of the species Ixodes ricinus in Central Europe and can cause granulocytic anaplasmosis in pets, wildlife and humans. The aims of this study were to assess the frequency of positive test results for A phagocytophilum in cats in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, as well as to evaluate clinical and laboratory findings in cats with positive PCR results.

Methods

This study included the results of direct (PCR) and indirect detection methods (immunofluorescence antibody tests [IFAT]) requested by veterinarians in Germany, Austria and Switzerland between 2008 and 2020 from the LABOKLIN laboratory (Bad Kissingen, Germany). The veterinarians treating the PCR-positive cats were contacted by telephone to enquire about their clinical signs, laboratory findings, management and outcomes.

Results

In total, 244/1636 cats (15%) tested positive by direct (PCR: n = 27/725 [4%]) and/or indirect detection methods (IFAT: n = 221/956 [23%]). In 18/26 cats with PCR results positive for A phagocytophilum, additional information about clinical signs, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome was obtained. Of these 18 cats, five had comorbidities independent of their infection with A phagocytophilum. The most common clinical signs in PCR-positive cats (total/without comorbidities) were lethargy (83%/92%), fever (83%/85%) and thrombocytopenia (61%/62%). Overall, more than half (57%) of the cats with and without comorbidities recovered clinically.

Conclusions and relevance

Infections with A phagocytophilum should be considered as differential diagnoses in cats with tick infestation, lethargy, fever and thrombocytopenia. The clinical signs and laboratory findings are consistent with published case reports in cats. Ectoparasite prophylaxis in cats is recommended throughout the entire year.
Free vibration and sound insulation of functionally graded honeycomb sandwich plates
Authors: Li Fenglian , Yuan Wenhao , Zhang Chuanzeng
Published: June 2021

Based on the hyperbolic tangent shear deformation theory, free vibration and sound insulation of two different types of functionally graded (FG) honeycomb sandwich plates with negative Poisson’s ratio are studied in this paper. Using Hamilton’s principle, the vibration and vibro-acoustic coupling dynamic equations for FG honeycomb sandwich plates with simply supported edges are established. By applying the Navier’s method and fluid–solid interface conditions, the derived governing dynamic equations are solved. The natural frequencies and the sound insulation of FG honeycomb sandwich plates obtained in this work are compared with the numerical results by the finite element simulation. It is proven that the theoretical models for the free vibration and the sound insulation are accurate and efficient. Moreover, FG sandwich plates with different honeycomb cores are investigated and compared. The corresponding results show that the FG honeycomb core with negative Poisson’s ratio can yield much lower frequencies. Then, the influences of various geometrical and material parameters on the vibration and sound insulation performance are systematically analyzed.
Youth, Precarious Work and the Pandemic
Authors: Cook Julia , Threadgold Steven , Farrugia David , Coffey Julia
Published: June 2021

While Australia has experienced low COVID-19 case numbers relative to other countries, it has witnessed severe economic consequences in the wake of the pandemic. The hospitality industry, in which young adults are overrepresented, has been among the most affected industries. In this article, we present findings from an interview and a digital methods-based study of young hospitality workers in the Australian cities of Melbourne and Newcastle who lost shifts or employment due to the pandemic. We argue that the participants’ ability to cope with the loss of work was mediated by the degree of family support that they could access, with some experiencing the pandemic as an inconvenience, while others suffered extreme financial hardship. Findings from this study show that the most severe impacts of the pandemic play out along pre-existing lines of inequality and marginality, causing the most severe consequences for those who were already most vulnerable to them.
Fish Consumption: A Review of Its Effects on Metabolic and Hormonal Health
Authors: Mendivil Carlos O
Published: June 2021

Dietary habits are a major determinant of the risk of chronic disease, particularly metabolic and endocrine disorders. Fish as a food group are a unique source of nutrients with metabolic and hormonal importance including omega-3 fatty acids, iodine, selenium, vitamin D, taurine and carnitine. Fish are also a source of high quality protein and have in general low caloric density. The impact of these nutrients on cardiovascular risk has been extensively reviewed, but the impact of fish on the broader field of endocrine and metabolic health is sometimes not sufficiently appreciated. This article aimed to summarize the impact the effect of regular fish consumption on conditions like the metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome and the menopausal transition, which are in and of themselves significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The review revealed that scientific evidence from food science, translational research, epidemiologic studies and interventional trials shows that regular fish consumption has a positive impact on thyroid homeostasis, facilitates maintenance of a healthy body weight, reduces the magnitude of age-associated increases in blood pressure, improves glucose homeostasis helping prevent diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, and has a positive impact on muscle mass preservation among the elderly. These effects are mediated by multiple mechanisms, only some of which have been identified. For most of these effects it holds true that the potential benefits are more substantial when baseline fish consumption is low.
Forced labour in supply chains: Rolling back the debate on gender, migration and sexual commerce
Authors: Andrijasevic Rutvica
Published: June 2021

This article makes a conceptual contribution to the broader literature on unfree labour by challenging the separate treatment of sexual and industrial labour exploitation both by researchers and in law and policy. This article argues that the prevailing focus of the supply chain literature on industrial labour has inadvertently posited sexual labour as the ‘other’ of industrial labour thus obfuscating how the legal blurring of boundaries between industrial and service labour is engendering new modalities of the erosion of workers’ rights that are increasingly resembling those typical of sex work. This article advances the debate on unfree labour both conceptually and empirically. Conceptually, it highlights the relevance of social reproduction in understanding forms of labour unfreedom. Empirically, it demonstrates the similarities in forms of control and exploitation between sex work and industrial work by illustrating how debt and housing operate in both settings.
Male autistic youth experiences of belonging in integrated physical education
Authors: Haegele Justin A , Maher Anthony J
Published: June 2021

The study examined the subjective experiences of autistic youth regarding the role of peer interactions and relationships in feelings of belonging in integrated physical education classes. The term integrated is used to describe a setting in which all students, regardless of educational needs, are educated in the same physical space. Eight autistic youth (all male, aged 13–18 years) who had received most of their physical education in integrated classes acted as participants. Semi-structured interviews were used to generate qualitative data, which were analyzed using a reflexive thematic approach. Findings are presented in three themes: (a) bullying can lead to self-harm and self-isolation, (b) peer interactions and relationships in the locker room, and (c) peer relationships are based on shared interests and take time to develop. Even though autistic students were educated in the same spaces as their non-autistic peers, feelings of belonging were largely unavailable to them.

Lay abstract

Recent years have seen calls to amplify the voices of autistic people in research about their subjective experiences. Despite this, we know little about how autistic youth experience integrated physical education, particularly in the United States. The term integrated is used to describe a setting in which all students, regardless of educational needs, are educated in the same physical space. In this study, we sought to explore the perspectives of autistic youth toward their experiences in integrated physical education, and the roles of social interactions and relationships with peers in those experiences. Findings noted that several factors influenced the ways and extent to which our participants interacted with their peers during physical education. Unfortunately, most of our participants recalled experiencing bullying, and that physical education offered an environment where bullying was most frequent and comparatively unique compared to other contexts throughout the school day. The locker room, a space linked to physical education, was of particular concern because of a lack of teacher presence. Despite the negative views of and experiences in physical education, there was evidence of participants actively pursuing to connect with peers in this context. However, most instances where participants recalled pursuing friendship were not welcomed from others, which stunted their sense of belonging in this space. Given the role that belonging plays in what it means “to be included,” our research supports emerging ideas that even though autistic students were educated in the same physical spaces as their non-autistic peers, feelings of inclusion were largely absent.
Still ‘native’? Morphological processing in second-language-immersed speakers
Authors: Kotzor Sandra , Schuster Swetlana , Lahiri Aditi
Published: June 2021

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions:

This paper investigates whether sustained immersion in a dominant second-language (L2) environment alters morphological processing strategies compared to those of L1-immersed speakers. Furthermore, we assess the methodological usefulness of a language-mode task in light of the validity of conducting native processing research on L2-immersed speakers.

Design/methodology/approach:

We use the design and stimuli of a previous long-lag visual lexical decision task conducted with native German speakers in Germany and use this group as a control. Thirty-two native German speakers resident in the UK (>2 years; minimal day-to-day German use) participated in two experimental sessions (one containing a 20-minute conversation task in German).

Data and analysis:

The data shows clear differences between facilitation patterns of L1 and L2-immersed participants. L2-immersed speakers display decreased sensitivity to subtle morphological differences as well as facilitation in a form condition similar to effects seen in L2 processing. Lexical decisions of pseudowords based on plausibility, however, remain similar. While the pre-experiment language-mode task resulted in overall faster responses, there was no effect on processing patterns.

Findings/conclusions:

L1 morphological processing is affected by continued exposure to a dominant second language with sensitivity to the internal structure or differences of morphologically complex items decreasing. The attrition group shows certain similarities to L2 morphological processing. Our findings also call for caution in the recruitment of L2-immersed experiment participants.

Originality:

Research on morphological processing in language attrition is scarce and no previous work has examined complex derived words. The addition of a principled manipulation of the pre-experiment task is also uncommon.

Significance/implications:

The possible similarity of L1-attrition and L2-learner processing challenges the concept of ‘native’ processing and the notion of ‘nativeness’ as a stable property. Further comparison of these populations may lead to a more thorough understanding of the adaptability of our processing system.
The Silk Vista Baby – The UK experience
Authors: Bhogal P , Makalanda HLD , Wong K , Keston P , Downer J , Du Plessis JC , Nania A , Simonato D , Fuschi M , Chong W , O’Reilly S , Rennie I
Published: June 2021

Background

The Silk Vista Baby (SVB) flow diverter (FDS) is the only FDS deliverable via a 0.017 inch microcatheter and is specifically designed for the distal vasculature. We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the SVB.

Materials and Methods

We performed a retrospective review to identify SVB cases at 4 tertiary neurosurgical centres within the U.K. Clinical, procedural, angiographic and follow-up data were collected.

Results

We identified 60 patients (35 female, 58%) of average age 54 ± 10.5 (range 30–72) with 61 aneurysms, 50 (81.9%) located in the anterior circulation. The majority of the aneurysms treated were unruptured (46, 75.4%) and saccular (46, 75.4%). Dome size was 6.2 ± 6.2 mm (range 1–36mm) and parent vessel diameter was 2.3 ± 0.4 mm (range 1.2-3.3 mm). An average number of 1.07 devices were implanted. Coils or other devices were implanted in 14 aneurysms (23.3%). At last angiographic follow-up (n = 55), 7.5 ± 4.2 months post-procedure, 32 aneurysms (57.1%) were graded as RRC I, 7 (12.5%) RRC II, and 17 RRC III (30.4%). Clinical complications, excluding death, were seen in 4 patients (6.8%) including 1 delayed aneurysm rupture and 3 symptomatic ischaemic events. Only one patient had permanent morbidity (mRS 1). 3 patients died during follow-up (5.1%); 2 deaths were related to the aneurysms (3.4%) – one ruptured dissecting MCA aneurysm, and one giant partially thrombosed posterior circulation aneurysm. 93% of patients were mRS ≤ 2 at last follow-up.

Conclusion

The SVB has high rates of technical success and an acceptable safety profile. Distal aneurysms may occlude slower due to relative oversizing of the devices.
The platformisation of public service broadcasting in Germany: The network ‘funk’ and the case of Druck/Skam Germany
Authors: Stollfuß Sven
Published: June 2021

This article investigates how platformisation changes the practices of content production and distribution through the case of the web series, Druck (tr. Pressure (2018–), for the public service content network ‘funk’ (ARD and ZDF). An analysis of the German adaptation of the Norwegian television and web series Skam (tr. Shame) (NRK3, 2015–2017) shows how public service broadcasting (PSB) in Germany is changing due to the influence of social media. To reach a younger audience, PSB has to meet them on third-party platforms. Consequently, PSB must provide content that fits the mobile media environment of social media.
Cultivating Leadership Imagination with Cognitive Tools: An Imagination-Focused Approach to Leadership Education
Authors: Judson Gillian
Published: June 2021

This conceptual and practical paper aims to expand understanding of imagination in ways that have direct implications for leadership education and research. First, imagination is conceptualized as soil, an analogy that can address misconceptions about imagination and broaden understanding of the multiple ways it contributes to leadership. Next, an educational theory called Imaginative Education (IE) is introduced that offers theoretical understanding of imagination and practical tools for its development. Finally, what imagination yields in terms of individual and collective leadership processes is described along with specific “cognitive tools” that may be used to cultivate imagination in school leadership.
Facial Fractures Have Similar Outcomes When Managed by Either Otolaryngology or Plastic Surgery: Encounters From a Single Level I Trauma Center
Authors: Christian Ashton , Sun Beatrice J. , Khoshab Nima , Grigorian Areg , Cantwell Christina Y. , Melucci Sean A. , Hu Allison C. , Kuza Catherine M. , Lekawa Michael E. , Nahmias Jeffry
Published: June 2021

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort.

Objective:

Traumatic facial fractures (FFs) often require specialty consultation with Plastic Surgery (PS) or Otolaryngology (ENT); however, referral patterns are often non-standardized and institution specific. Therefore, we sought to compare management patterns and outcomes between PS and ENT, hypothesizing no difference in operative rates, complications, or mortality.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with FFs at a single Level I trauma center from 2014 to 2017. Patients were compared by consulting service: PS vs. ENT. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney-U tests were performed.

Results:

Of the 755 patients with FFs, 378 were consulted by PS and 377 by ENT. There was no difference in demographic data ( P > 0.05). Patients managed by ENT received a longer mean course of antibiotics (9.4 vs 7.0 days, P = 0.008) and had a lower rate of open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) (9.8% vs. 15.3%, P = 0.017), compared to PS patients. No difference was observed in overall operative rate (15.1% vs. 19.8%), use of computed tomography (CT) imaging (99% vs. 99%), time to surgery (65 vs. 55 hours, P = 0.198), length of stay (LOS) (4 vs. 4 days), 30-day complication rate (10.6% vs. 7.1%), or mortality (4.5% vs. 2.6%) (all P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrated similar baseline characteristics, operative rates, complications, and mortality between FFs patients who had consultation by ENT and PS. This supports the practice of allowing both ENT and PS to care for trauma FFs patients, as there appears to be similar standardized care and outcomes. Future studies are needed to evaluate the generalizability of our findings.
Romantic Partners Are Similar in Their Well-Being and Sociopolitical Attitudes but Change Independently Over Time
Authors: Hammond Matthew D. , Sibley Chris G.
Published: June 2021

Similarity within romantic couples forms one component of the formation and maintenance of relationships, meaning that, romantic partners’ views about themselves and the world are theorized to converge over time. We advance prior research on romantic couple similarities using cross-sectional or time-lagged designs, testing convergence with dyadic trajectories of change—how changes in one person relate to changes in their partner. Dyadic growth curve models assessed initial similarities, and longitudinal convergence, for 35 measures of well-being and individual differences in 171 mixed-gender couples from a national longitudinal study (the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Survey). Results indicated consistent average-level similarities between romantic partners, a few instances of short-term convergence in sociopolitical views, and the consistent pattern that changes in people occurred independently to their partners. Findings advance theory on romantic interdependence by emphasizing the perspective that romantic partners’ convergence occurs as subjective experience rather than externally measured unification.
Fear of infertility limits contraceptive usage among first-time mothers in Ghana: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Adofo Emmanuel , Dun-Dery Elvis J , Kotoh Agnes M , Dun-Dery Frederick , Avoka James Atampiiga , Ashinyo Mary Eyram
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

This study aimed to determine postpartum modern contraceptive use among first-time young mothers attending child welfare clinics in the Eastern Region of Ghana and explore factors that influence family planning uptake after the first delivery, including fear of infertility.

Methods:

This facility-based, cross-sectional study used interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. The study recruited 422 first-time young mothers aged 15–24 years, with 6- to 18-month-old babies attending child welfare clinics.

Results:

Overall, less than half (44%) of first-time mothers used modern contraceptives within 18 months after delivery. Fear of infertility after contraceptive use (56%) is the main barrier reported as the reason for women’s non-use of modern contraceptives. Mothers with tertiary education have higher odds of using postpartum contraceptives (adjusted odds ratio =1.6, 95% confidence interval: 0.4–2.0). Compared to mothers with younger children, those with children older than 6 months have higher odds of postpartum contraceptive use (adjusted odds ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.3–1.7). Nonspousal communication (adjusted odds ratio = 0.1, 95% confidence interval: 0.1–0.3) as compared to communication among partners about contraception and those in formal employment (adjusted odds ratio = 0.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.1–0.7), were less likely to use postpartum contraceptives.

Conclusion:

Considering that there is low postpartum contraceptive utilization, mostly due to concerns about fear of infertility after use, it is paramount to intensify education on actual side effects and reformulate policies that address specific concerns of infertility among mothers and contraceptive use.
The Nested Precarities of Creative Labor on Social Media
Authors: Duffy Brooke Erin , Pinch Annika , Sannon Shruti , Sawey Megan
Published: June 2021

While metrics have long played an important, albeit fraught, role in the media and cultural industries, quantified indices of online visibility—likes, favorites, subscribers, and shares—have been indelibly cast as routes to professional success and status in the digital creative economy. Against this backdrop, this study sought to examine how creative laborers’ pursuit of social media visibility impacts their processes and products. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with 30 aspiring and professional content creators on a range of social media platforms—Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, Pinterest, and Twitter—we contend that their experiences are not only shaped by the promise of visibility, but also by its precarity. As such, we present a framework for assessing the volatile nature of visibility in platformized creative labor, which includes unpredictability across three levels: (1) markets, (2) industries, and (3) platform features and algorithms. After mapping out this ecological model of the nested precarities of visibility, we conclude by addressing both continuities with—and departures from—the earlier modes of instability that characterized cultural production, with a focus on the guiding logic of platform capitalism.
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Manifesting as Acute Kidney Injury and Bing-Neel Syndrome With Excellent Response to Ibrutinib
Authors: Jafri Hassaan , Khan Isna , Sidda Adarsh , Khan Noman Ahmed Jang , Kheetan Murad , Griswold Doreen , Pacioles Toni
Published: June 2021

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma associated with a monoclonal immunoglobulin M protein. Extranodal involvement in WM is not very common. In this article, we present a rare case of WM with kidney and central nervous system involvement. Bing-Neel syndrome is a distinct complication of WM where lymphoplasmacytic cells involve the central nervous system (CNS). Our patient was initially treated with dialysis and steroids with improvement in his kidney function. He was then started on systemic treatment with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone with stable kidney function but persistent CNS symptoms. Due to rarity of cases, there is no standard treatment for Bing-Neel syndrome. His treatment was switched to ibrutinib with dramatic improvement in his CNS symptoms as well as radiological findings on magnetic resonance imaging.
Stress-Distribution Pattern Across the Glenohumeral Joint in Collegiate and Professional Baseball Players: A Computed Tomography Osteoabsorptiometry Study
Authors: Numaguchi Kyosuke , Momma Daisuke , Matsui Yuki , Yokota Masashi , Oohinata Jun , Kondo Eiji , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: June 2021

Background:

The influence of long-term loading conditions on the articular surfaces of the glenohumeral joint can be determined by measuring stress-distribution patterns. Long-term pitching activity changes the stress distribution across the glenohumeral joint surface; however, the influence of competitive level on stress-distribution patterns remains unclear.

Purpose:

To use computed tomography (CT) osteoabsorptiometry (CTOAM) to evaluate the distribution of subchondral bone density across the glenohumeral joint in collegiate and professional baseball players as well as to determine the effects of pitching activity on the articular surfaces.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

We evaluated 73 shoulders in 50 baseball players. CT imaging data were obtained from the dominant-side shoulder of 12 professional pitchers (PP group) and 15 professional fielders (PF group). CT imaging data were also obtained from both shoulders of 12 asymptomatic collegiate pitchers (CP group) and 11 collegiate fielders (CF group). The pattern of distribution of subchondral bone density across the articular surfaces of each glenohumeral joint was assessed by CTOAM. As a measure of bone density, the mean Hounsfield units (HU) were obtained for each joint surface, and the absolute values of the dominant shoulder were compared for each group.

Results:

Stress-distribution patterns over the articular surfaces differed between the dominant and nondominant sides in the CP group as well as between both collegiate groups versus the PP group. In the CP group, the mean HU of the humeral head surface were greater on the nondominant versus dominant side ( P = .035). On the dominant side, the mean HU of the humeral head surface and glenoid were greater in the CP versus the PP group ( P = .001 and .027, respectively).

Conclusion:

Stress distribution on the articular surface of the glenohumeral joint was affected by pitching ability and competitive level. Our analysis indicates that the traction force on the glenohumeral joint surface might be greater than compression force during pitching.

Clinical Relevance:

The present findings suggest that pitching activity results in low stress to the articular surfaces of the glenohumeral joint. This supports the notion that mechanical conditions play a crucial role in the etiology of disorders specific to pitching activity.
The Malacca Strait, the South China Sea and the Sino-American Competition in the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Paszak Paweł
Published: June 2021

This article aims to highlight security dynamics of the US–China competition in the Indo-Pacific associated with the Malacca Strait and the South China Sea through the prism of Balance of Threat Theory. It is argued that the control over strategic lines of communication is a significant factor in the process of constructing threat perception of East and Southeast Asian states as they remain heavily reliant on maritime transportation of commodities and energy resources. The US navy is the major security provider in the maritime domain which makes China vulnerable to a potential naval blockade. China faces a double dilemma as the status quo is interpreted as potentially detrimental to its interests, but any attempts to undermine it are likely to prompt Asian states to join US balancing efforts. China’s geographical proximity, its rising military power and revisionist tendencies make the US the more desirable security partner to the region.
Multifaceted Aspects of Economic Corridors in the Context of Regional Security: The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor as a Stabilising and Destabilising Factor
Authors: Kuszewska Agnieszka , Nitza-Makowska Agnieszka
Published: June 2021

This article investigates the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which involves a whole package of multiple cooperative initiatives aimed to accelerate connectivity via land routes and boost Sino-Pakistani collaboration. While channelling Chinese power and interests, this corridor, being a key part of the Belt and Road Initiative, may significantly affect the security landscape in conflict-prone South Asia, and the economic, political and social dynamics within Pakistan. Being a fragile state with multiple domestic challenges and asymmetric position vis-à-vis China, Pakistan is a valuable source for regional power game and China’s aspiration analysis. The comprehensive evaluation of economic corridors’ multidimensional impact on volatile regions with poor socio-economic background, contested political power and high-security risk fills a much-needed gap in contemporary security studies. We contend that CPEC may bring stabilising and destabilising results; yet, if certain conditions are not met, over the long term, the latter are likely to outweigh the former due to the various aspects of internal, bilateral and regional character. To evaluate the corridor’s multifaceted implications, firstly, we conceptualise CPEC within the selected international relations paradigms, and secondly, we empirically refer to our assumptions.
Book review: Partha Chatterjee (ed.). After the Revolution: Essays in Memory of Anjan Ghosh
Authors: Moosvi Shireen
Published: June 2021

Partha Chatterjee (ed.). After the Revolution: Essays in Memory of Anjan Ghosh (Hyderabad, India: Orient BlackSwan), 2020, 346 pp., ₹925 (hb).
Activated natural killer cells predict poor clinical prognosis in high-risk B- and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Duault Caroline , Kumar Anil , Taghi Khani Adeleh , Lee Sung June , Yang Lu , Huang Min , Hurtz Christian , Manning Bryan , Ghoda Lucy , McDonald Tinisha , Lacayo Norman J. , Sakamoto Kathleen M. , Carroll Martin , Tasian Sarah K. , Marcucci Guido , Yu Jianhua , Caligiuri Michael A. , Maecker Holden T. , Swaminathan Srividya
Published: June 2021

B- and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B/T-ALL) may be refractory or recur after therapy by suppressing host anticancer immune surveillance mediated specifically by natural killer (NK) cells. We delineated the phenotypic and functional defects in NK cells from high-risk patients with B/T-ALL using mass cytometry, flow cytometry, and in silico cytometry, with the goal of further elucidating the role of NK cells in sustaining acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) regression. We found that, compared with their normal counterparts, NK cells from patients with B/T-ALL are less cytotoxic but exhibit an activated signature that is characterized by high CD56, high CD69, production of activated NK cell–origin cytokines, and calcium (Ca2+) signaling. We demonstrated that defective maturation of NK cells into cytotoxic effectors prevents NK cells from ALL from lysing NK cell–sensitive targets as efficiently as do normal NK cells. Additionally, we showed that NK cells in ALL are exhausted, which is likely caused by their chronic activation. We found that increased frequencies of activated cytokine-producing NK cells are associated with increased disease severity and independently predict poor clinical outcome in patients with ALL. Our studies highlight the benefits of developing NK cell profiling as a diagnostic tool to predict clinical outcome in patients with ALL and underscore the clinical potential of allogeneic NK cell infusions to prevent ALL recurrence.