bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demografsko starenje stanovništva Šibensko-kninske županije: grandparent boom
Authors: Mrđen Snježana , Barić Dolores
Published: July 2017

U radu se analiziraju uzroci i značajke demografskog starenja stanovništva u Šibensko-kninskoj županiji s pomoću osnovnih demografskih pokazatelja prema popisima stanovništva od 1971. do 2011. godine. Analizira se prostorna diferencijacija demografskog starenja na razini mikroregija u županiji, na razini gradova/općina te naselja. Dana je i usporedba starenja stanovništva hrvatskih županija iz čega proizlazi da Šibensko-kninska županija, zajedno s Ličko-senjskom, ima najstarije stanovništvo u Hrvatskoj. Starenje u Šibensko-kninskoj županiji, uvjetovano izrazitim ruralnim egzodusom koji je bio intenzivan od kraja 60-ih i početkom 70-ih godina 20. stoljeća te kontinuiranim smanjivanjem fertiliteta i naslijeđenom starosnom strukturom, prisutno je na svim teritorijalnim razinama Županije. Iako je proces starenja započeo u primorskom dijelu, zagorski prostor je više i brže ostario nego Primorje. Na osnovi brojnih pokazatelja demografske starosti i intenziteta starenja, proizlazi da prema stupnju bodovne demografske ostarjelosti stanovništvo Šibensko-kninske županije odlikuje vrlo duboka starost, međutim više od polovice naselja ima obilježja izrazite duboke ili krajnje duboke starosti.
Socijalnogeografske osnove i odrednice klasifikacija hrvatskih otoka
Authors: Marinković Veni
Published: July 2017

Hrvatski otoci, iako pripadaju istoj makroregiji Jadranske Hrvatske, odlikuju se iznimnom heterogenosti geoprostorne stvarnosti na regionalnoj, mikroregionalnoj, međuotočnoj i lokalnoj razini te kompleksnosti socio-ekonomskih strukturnih i dinamičkih obilježja, kao posljedica fizičko-geografskih i povijesnih procesa te suvremenih razvojnih tokova. Rad se bavi socijalnogeografskim pristupom klasifikacija otočnog prostora Hrvatske te donosi prikaz i sistematizaciju znanstvenih i stručnih promišljanja o heterogenosti geoprostorne stvarnosti hrvatskoga arhipelaga. Donosi se pregled tipizacije hrvatskih otoka, temeljen na multikriterijalnim indikatorima. Zaključno, iznesen je autorov prijedlog koncepta klasterizacije hrvatskih otoka u kontekstu doprinosa otočnoj razvojnoj politici.
Percepcija Dalmacije u odabranim stranim leksikografskim djelima
Authors: Mirošević Lena , Faričić Josip
Published: July 2017

U članku se razmatra percepcija Dalmacije u odabranim stranim, ponajprije francuskim, britanskim, talijanskim, njemačkim i američkim leksikografskim djelima. Znanja o nekom prostoru mogu se steći neposrednim iskustvom (primarnim), tj. vlastitim doživljajem samog prostora i posrednim (sekundarnim) iskustvom, tj. iz tekstualnih opisa, grafičkih i kartografskih prikaza. Geografska spoznaja je određeni tip prostorne kognicije koji pridonosi stvaranju vlastite mentalne karte nekog prostora. Mogućnost postojanja različitih inačica takve mentalne karte veća je ako je riječ o većim prostorima koje se ne može percipirati u cjelini ili o prostorima koje su obilježile velike promjene tijekom historijsko-geografskog razvitka. Veliku važnost znanja o nepoznatom i manje poznatom prostoru ima posredno iskustvo koje se stječe korištenjem sekundarnih i tercijarnih izvora geografskih podataka. Među tim izvorima geografskih podataka dostupnošću, sustavnošću i sažetošću ističu se leksikografska djela, a među njima enciklopedije, leksikoni i geografski rječnici. Problemi pri definiranju prostornog obuhvata Dalmacije u takvim djelima proistječu iz činjenice da ta hrvatska regija nije nastala na temelju postupnoga višestoljetnoga razvoja unutar jedne državne zajednice, već kao regija na dodirnom području triju sila (Mletačke Republike, Osmanlijskog Carstva i Habsburške Monarhije), bitno različitog obuhvata od istoimene rimske velike provincije koja je sezala od Jadrana do Posavine ili pak bizantske teme koju su činile pojedine male i teritorijalno međusobno nepovezane gradske zajednice na sjeveroistočnoj obali Jadrana.
Ostalo
Authors: Blaće Ante , Barić Dolores , Marušić Duško
Published: July 2017

Izvješće sa znanstvenog skupaPrikazi knjiga
Transformation of rural settlements of the City of Mostar in the second half of the twentieth century
Authors: Šiljković Željka , Čuljak Marina
Published: July 2017

The paper analyses the transformation of rural settlements in the area of the City of Mostar. It covers all 56 settlements that are grouped according to the criteria of distance from the central urban settlement and the altitude at which they are located. Eight spatial regions of various sizes and characteristics are identified accordingly. Economic, socio-cultural, infrastructural and demographic criteria are included in further analysis. Economic and social structure of individual settlements is also established. Considering that the second half of the twentieth century was the period of industrial development and urbanisation, and thereby intensive processes of depopulation and deagrarisation of rural areas, the authors believe that it was during this period that the transformation was most intense.
Analiza matične knjige krštenih današnje župe Veljaci (1786. – 1808.)
Authors: Madžar Ivan , Pavičić Vladimir
Published: July 2017

U radu se istražuje demografsko gibanje unutar mikrocjeline Veljaci u općini Ljubuški. U istraživanju je kao izvor primarnih podataka korištena najstarija matična knjiga krštenih s prijelaza iz 18. u 19. stoljeće za prostor koji obuhvaća današnja župa Veljaci. Dobiveni podaci su povijesno-demografskim, mikrohistorijskim i komparativno-historijskim metodološkim pristupom raščlanjeni. Ciljevi istraživanja su predstaviti nekadašnje demografske zbilje ovoga mikroprostora s imperijalne granice, opisati mu demografske pokazatelje i njihovu dinamiku, ponajprije one vezane za natalitet, te uočiti eventualne trendove koji bi upućivali na demografska kretanja širega područja, to jest područje tadašnje župe Ljubuški u cjelini. Ograničenim istraživanjem i analizom podataka prikupljenih pri heurističkim zahvatima za širu i iscrpniju studiju o ljubuškom stanovništvu, djelomično smo odškrinuli vrata demografske zbilje ovoga područja s krajnje periferije Osmanskoga Carstva na prijelazu iz 18. u 19. stoljeće. Komparativno-historijski pristup je pokazao da se obilježja nataliteta uklapaju u pravilnosti utvrđene istraživanjima na raznim, zemljopisno bližim, ali i udaljenijim područjima. Slično je pokazala i analiza antroponimijskoga korpusa. Istraživanje podataka matičnih knjiga pružilo nam je prvi, preliminarni uvid u demografsku sliku dijela Ljubuškoga, a nadamo se da će nastavak istraživanja cjelokupne ljubuške mikrocjeline, značajno upotpuniti sliku i bar djelomično rekonstituirati njezin cjelokupni demografski razvoj.
The island rurality as local development potential of the LAG "Škoji" area
Authors: Marinković Veni
Published: July 2017

The paper presents results of the research of the selected elements of rurality on the example of the Croatian islands of Vis and Hvar, gathered in the Local action group (LAG) "Škoji" and possibilities of their (re)evaluation. The revitalization of rural areas is the fundamental task of local action groups, the associations which bring together representatives of public, private and civil sector of a specific area. Their main objective is to jointly design and implement a local development strategy, based on the specific developmental opportunities of the area which they live in. Rurality of the islands is analyzed through main demographic structures and trends, agricultural resources, land use and fisheries. The selected elements are analyzed as an incentives or limited developmental factors.
Senjsko parobrodarstvo i socioekonomske prilike na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće
Authors: Šimunić Nikola , Brlić Ivan
Published: July 2017

U radu se s povijesno-geografskog aspekta razmatra nastanak, razvoj i slabljenje senjskog parobrodarstva, ključnog elementa ukupnoga socijalnog i gospodarskog napretka Senja na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće. Početkom 19. stoljeća senjska luka je bila, zahvaljujući posebnoj gradskoj autonomiji i suvremenoj cestovnoj povezanosti, jedno od najvažnijih pomorskih trgovačkih središta Hrvatskog primorja i Jadrana u cjelini, čiji su stanovnici važni sudionici u brojnim društvenim, gospodarskim i političkim previranjima. Zasigurno je i razvoj parobrodarstva omogućio Senjanima dobar položaj na sve zahtjevnijem ekonomskom tržištu. U radu se analiziraju i važni uzroci slabljenja senjskog gospodarstva koji su u vrijeme Kraljevine Jugoslavije Senj izolirali od do tada prevladavajućih pomorskih i gospodarskih silnica te bitno utjecali na opći socioekonomski život grada.
Geomorfološka obilježja Danilskog polja kod Šibenika kao osnova historijsko-geografskog razvitka
Authors: Magaš Damir , Blaće Ante
Published: July 2017

Suitable agriculture zones in karst regions have extraordinary significance for the inhabitants’ existence. Danilsko polje, one of such zones, is situated in microregion of Šibenik-Rogoznica littoral, in Šibenik hinterland, Croatia. Danilsko polje is, morphologically, an oval shaped valley placed between two karst ridges, the extension of Trtar with Velika Glava (542 m) from north-northeast, and significantly lower Crno Brdo with Podi from southsouthwest in the area of Danilo Biranj and Danilo Gornje settlements. Due to high soil quality, the cultivation of polje is the process that has lasted for thousands of years. Polje is characterized by scarce water sources, which were, nevertheless, very important for the survival of population in the past.The Neolithic population, whose traces have been preserved in the remains of famous middle Neolithic culture on the Adriatic, so called Danilo culture (4500 BC - 3900 BC), had been the first farmers of Danilsko polje. Later settlers from Metal Age had fortified themselves at peak Gradina, so they could easily control the polje from their hill-fort. Roman conquerors founded their municipium Rider in the central part of Danilsko polje, and valorized its natural- geographical potentials. From numerous nations who passed through during the Great Migrations Croats were the only ones who settled down and continued to valorize polje and surrounding karst area for practising transhumance which they depended on since they were agricultural-cattle rising society. During High and Late Middle Ages, Danilsko polje was in possession of the Commune of Šibenik, well-known for cultivation of vineyards, olive trees and cereals. Long-lasting period of unstable geopolitical conditions began with Ottoman conquest and with formation of their strongholds in Skradin and Drniš. It was only after 20s of 18th century that the war turmoil ceased, and after that, to a certain extent, the colonization of deserted areas started as well in that of Danilsko polje. Ever since, practically until today, the main feature of Danilsko polje has been traditional crop production in various conditions of agrotechnical cultivation
Rekonstruiranje promjena morske razine na istočnoj obali Jadrana (Hrvatska) – pregled
Authors: Surić Maša
Published: July 2017

Rocky karstified coast, low tidal range, indented shoreline with numerous islands, diverse coastal biocenoses, abundant palaeontological, archaeological and historical evidence, relatively dense tide-gauge stations and developing GPS network – all these facts offer optimal prerequisite for the sea-level changes studies on the Croatian coast. Through various methodological approaches (geomorphological, biostratigraphical, archaeological/historical, mareographic, geodetic, radiometric), most of these issues have been used in order to reconstruct relative sea and land motions, yielding scattered and sometimes erroneous results. Unfortunately, some of them have been often uncritically used as the basis for the subsequent research. Only recently, with multidisciplinary approach, sequences of relative sea-level variations have been successfully revealed, but opportunities that eastern Adriatic coast offers will, undoubtedly, ensure relatively rapid research progress.
Sociodemografske značajke i procesi u hrvatskim obalnim gradovima
Authors: Klempić Bogadi Sanja , Podgorelec Sonja
Published: July 2017

Polarisation processes, which began in Croatia in the 1950's, resulted in disparate socio-economic development, in an uneven spatial distribution of the population, and in a concentration of people, jobs and housing in urban settlements. Coastal cities, as hubs and agents of socio-economic development, in their regions became focal points for the concentration of the population, while islands and hinterland areas suffered depopulation and demographic ageing. Intense in-migration had a positive influence on the demographic development of coastal cities. They became hotbeds of bioreproduction and up to the most recent intercensus period (1991–2001) displayed dynamic population growth. However political and economic changes in this recent period, together with the effects of the war, deepened and accelerated increasingly unfavourable demographic processes, which were reflected in an overall reduction of the population of coastal Adriatic cities, as well as in a deterioration of its structure. Decreasing fertility, demographic ageing and changes in life values brought about a transformation of the family, and hence changes in the size of households and in the relations among family members. The general trend today involves a gradual reduction in the number of household members, and a continuous increase in the number of two and one-member households.
Morske granice u Jadranskome moru
Authors: Klemenčić Mladen , Topalović Duško
Published: July 2017

The delimitation of maritime boundaries in semi-closed seas such as Adriatic is always a complex issue.The first bilateral maritime boundary agreement in the Adriatic Sea was reached at an early stage in the history of maritime delimitation, but potential offshore boundary system became more complicated following political changes in the 1990's and increase in the number of coastal states. This paper provides an overview of the development of maritime boundary system in the Adriatic, highlights disputes and remaining problems and evaluates potential solutions to disputes, claiming that completion of maritime boundary system should enhance regional stability.
Suvremene demogeografske promjene u Gradu Sinju
Authors: Graovac Vera , Glamuzina Martin
Published: July 2017

This paper analyzes the major demographic changes in the Town of Sinj in the second half of the 20th century. In comparison to many other parts of Croatia, particularly in Dalmatinska zagora, the Town of Sinj, in total, was not seriously affected by depopulation in the second half of the 20th century. The aim of this paper is to determine dominant demographic trends in all 14 settlements within the Town of Sinj by using several demographic indicators, and indicate which settlements are threatened by extinction and which have good prospects for further development.
Pejzaž kao bitan fizičkogeografski element u prostornom planiranju
Authors: Kalogjera Ante
Published: July 2017

The whole aspect of a certain space, i.e. its landscape, is determined by basic physical geographical elements, especially by relief, waters, vegetation and depending on human being presence, intensivity of his work.The characteristic of Croatian littoral landscape are: a preponderance of white grey limestone, lack of red skeleton soils, poor vegetation consisting of light green pine and green maquis and all nuances of sky and sea azure, expressed in superabundant combinations of their variations and contrasts.Owing to the fast increasing interest in the littoral, its sublime landscapes have been seriously jeopardised, in fact, they have been disappearing slowly. Aspiration to preserve it, and an active approach to its protection might be best illustrated by the example of the space plan of Srima /locality near Šibenik/.
Geografska osnova razvoja ekološkog maslinarstva u Hrvatskoj
Authors: Čuka Anica
Published: July 2017

Conventional agriculture is among the biggest polluters of the environment. Overuse of synthetic pesticides, herbicides and mineral fertilisers have caused soil exhaustion, erosion, unbalance in the ecosystem, and their harmful effect on human health has been proven. This is why the author tried to point to the importance of development of organic agriculture, and olive growing as a traditional agricultural sector in coastal Croatia.The main intention is to show the basic geographical aspects of coastal Croatia and to explain the ways it can influence the development of organic olive farming. It is specially emphasized that organically produced food must be incorporated in Croatian tourist offer. It will stimulate a bigger interest for Croatia as an attractive tourist destination in the world tourist market and will simplify the sale of organically produced food. Development of organic olive farming will also contribute to the revitalisation of small villages where a strong presence of negative processes, such as deagrarisation, deruralisation and demographic regression is evident.
Organska poljoprivreda Srednje Europe
Authors: Šilković Željka
Published: July 2017

In the last decade, organic agriculture in the Central European countries has experienced significant changes, especially in the transitional countries of the Eastern part of the region. This artical studies the position and development of the organic food comparing the agricultures in the western market and former communist countries. It is distinctive for the whole region that there is an interest of the state policy for stimulating the organic agriculture, aspecially in the areas where share is a large number of unemployed people due to the privatisation proces in industry. The organic type of cattle – raising is a represented branch of agriculture while the activities which demand more investments and working hours (horticulture and viticulture) are poorly developed.The aim is to bring more biological varieties in the concept of organic agriculture and preserving the naturally protected areas. Therefore the organic agriculture is fregmently introduced as the only acceptable way of the food production in the areas of buffer zones and national parks preserving the autochthonism of the plants and animals in that way encouraging the development of agroeco-tourism.
Klimatska obilježja otoka Palagruže, Hrvatska
Authors: Trošić Živko , Jašić Dražen , Marinković Vinko
Published: July 2017

The paper presents a brief review of contemporary research on climatic features of Palagruža Island, both in the pre-instrumental and instrumental period. The analysis was made upon climatic data provided by the meteorological station of Palagruža. For comparison purposes, data from the station in Split-Marjan was used, covering the standard climate period 1961-1990. The results show, among other things, that there is a decreasing trend of annual mean maximum air temperatures for 0.37 °C/30 years, average air temperature for 0.05 °C/30 years, and the mean minimum air temperature for 0.04 °C/30 years. There is a decreasing trend of annual mean of precipitation amount for 62 mm/30 years. Spearman rank statistic shows that neither of the trends noted above is statistically significant at 0.05 level (two-tailed t-test)
Pathways and Mechanisms that Prevent Genome Instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Putnam Christopher D , Kolodner Richard D
Published: July 2017

Genome rearrangements result in mutations that underlie many human diseases, and ongoing genome instability likely contributes to the development of many cancers. The tools for studying genome instability in mammalian cells are limited, whereas model organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae are more amenable to these studies. Here, we discuss the many genetic assays developed to measure the rate of occurrence of Gross Chromosomal Rearrangements (called GCRs) in S. cerevisiae. These genetic assays have been used to identify many types of GCRs, including translocations, interstitial deletions, and broken chromosomes healed by de novo telomere addition, and have identified genes that act in the suppression and formation of GCRs. Insights from these studies have contributed to the understanding of pathways and mechanisms that suppress genome instability and how these pathways cooperate with each other. Integrated models for the formation and suppression of GCRs are discussed.
Metabolomic Studies in Drosophila
Authors: Cox James E , Thummel Carl S , Tennessen Jason M
Published: July 2017

Metabolomic analysis provides a powerful new tool for studies of Drosophila physiology. This approach allows investigators to detect thousands of chemical compounds in a single sample, representing the combined contributions of gene expression, enzyme activity, and environmental context. Metabolomics has been used for a wide range of studies in Drosophila, often providing new insights into gene function and metabolic state that could not be obtained using any other approach. In this review, we survey the uses of metabolomic analysis since its entry into the field. We also cover the major methods used for metabolomic studies in Drosophila and highlight new directions for future research.
A Neurotransmitter Atlas of theCaenorhabditis elegansMale Nervous System Reveals Sexually Dimorphic Neurotransmitter Usage
Authors: Serrano-Saiz Esther , Pereira Laura , Gendrel Marie , Aghayeva Ulkar , Bhattacharya Abhishek , Howell Kelly , Garcia L Rene , Hobert Oliver
Published: July 2017

In this study, Serrano-Saiz et al. map the neurotransmitter identity of neurons in the Caenorhabditis elegans male nervous system, thereby providing...

The nervous system of most animals is sexually dimorphic but such dimorphisms are generally poorly mapped on an anatomical, cellular, and molecular level. The adult nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans displays a number of clearly defined anatomical sexual dimorphisms, but molecular features of sexually dimorphic neurons remain sparse. In this resource paper, we provide a comprehensive atlas of neurotransmitters used in the nervous system of the male and compare it to that of the hermaphrodite. Among the three major neurotransmitter systems, acetylcholine (ACh) is the most frequently used, followed by glutamate (Glu), and lastly γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Many male-specific neurons utilize multiple neurotransmitter systems. Interestingly, we find that neurons that are present in both sexes alter their neurotransmitter usage depending on the sex of the animal. One neuron scales up its usage of ACh, another becomes serotonergic in males, and another one adds a new neurotransmitter (glutamate) to its nonsex-specific transmitter (ACh). In all these cases, neurotransmitter changes are correlated with substantial changes in synaptic connectivity. We assembled the neurotransmitter maps of the male-specific nervous system into a comprehensive atlas that describes the anatomical position of all the neurons of the male-specific nervous system relative to the sex-shared nervous system. We exemplify the usefulness of the neurotransmitter atlas by using it as a tool to define the expression pattern of a synaptic organizer molecule in the male tail. Taken together, the male neurotransmitter atlas provides an entry point for future functional and developmental analysis of the male nervous system.
A Mercury Toxicity Case Complicated by Hyponatremia and Abnormal Endocrinological Test Results
Authors: Carter Matthew , Abdi Abdul , Naz Fareeha , Thabet Farouq , Vyas Arpita
Published: July 2017

Mercury (Hg) poisoning is considered a rare disease by the National Institutes of Health and the diagnosis can present great challenges to clinicians. Children who are exposed to Hg can present with a wide variety of symptoms, including acrodynia, tremor, excessive salivation, and psychiatric symptoms, including insomnia. However, endocrinologic manifestations from Hg exposure are less well known. This is a case report of a 12-year-old boy who presented with body rash, irritability, insomnia, and profuse sweating after returning from a summer camp. The child was initially managed in the outpatient setting, and the investigation was mainly targeted toward infectious etiology, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease. He was eventually admitted to the hospital with altered mental status and was noted to have hyponatremia with serum sodium of 121 mEq/L. Thyroid studies also revealed elevated free thyroxine levels in the presence of normal triiodothyronine and thyrotropin. The patient developed hypertension and tachycardia, and was found to have elevated 24-hour vanillylmandelic acid and metanephrines. Finally, heavy metal measurements revealed a blood Hg level that was greater than the reference values of 0 to 9 ng/mL. Chelation treatment with 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate was subsequently initiated and over a period of 8 months his symptoms resolved and his thyroid function test returned to normal. This case highlights some of the challenges commonly encountered in identifying Hg exposure. More importantly, it illustrates that exposure to Hg should be considered in children who present with the symptoms and abnormal endocrinologic test results described in this report.
Controlling Phlebotomy Volume Diminishes PICU Transfusion: Implementation Processes and Impact
Authors: Steffen Katherine , Doctor Allan , Hoerr Julie , Gill Jeff , Markham Chris , Brown Sarah M. , Cohen Daniel , Hansen Rose , Kryzer Emily , Richards Jessica , Small Sara , Valentine Stacey , York Jennifer L. , Proctor Enola K. , Spinella Philip C.
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Phlebotomy excess contributes to anemia in PICU patients and increases the likelihood of red blood cell transfusion, which is associated with risk of adverse outcomes. Excessive phlebotomy reduction (EPR) strategies may reduce the need for transfusion, but have not been evaluated in a PICU population. We hypothesized that EPR strategies, facilitated by implementation science methods, would decrease excess blood drawn and reduce transfusion frequency.

METHODS:

Quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Patient and blood draw data were collected with survey and focus group data to evaluate knowledge and attitudes before and after EPR intervention. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to interpret qualitative data. Multivariate regression was employed to adjust for potential confounders for blood overdraw volume and transfusion incidence.

RESULTS:

Populations were similar pre- and postintervention. EPR strategies decreased blood overdraw volumes 62% from 5.5 mL (interquartile range 1–23) preintervention to 2.1 mL (interquartile range 0–7.9 mL) postintervention (P < .001). Fewer patients received red blood cell transfusions postintervention (32.1% preintervention versus 20.7% postintervention, P = .04). Regression analyses showed that EPR strategies reduced blood overdraw volume (P < .001) and lowered transfusion frequency (P = .05). Postintervention surveys reflected a high degree of satisfaction (93%) with EPR strategies, and 97% agreed EPR was a priority postintervention.

CONCLUSIONS:

Implementation science methods aided in the selection of EPR strategies and enhanced acceptance which, in this cohort, reduced excessive overdraw volumes and transfusion frequency. Larger trials are needed to determine if this approach can be applied in broader PICU populations.
Educar para a Prudência: convergências com a heurística do temor / Educate to Prudence: convergences with the heuristics of fear
Authors: Battestin Cláudia , Nogaro Arnaldo
Published: July 2017

O artigo nasce da necessidade de demonstrar a importância de educar para a prudência em um contexto global, em que ações desmedidas e inconsequentes colocam em risco a sobrevivência humana na terra e a vida do planeta. Trata-se de uma reflexão de natureza teórico-bibliográfica, amparada em autores como Jonas (1994,1997, 2006), Cortina (2010), Aristóteles (1995), Tomás de Aquino (1934), Bauman (2011) e Lévy (2007), com o intuito de explicitar o significado mais profundo da prudência e de como ela se sustenta enquanto fundamento para a prática de ações coerentes de retidão ética. Embora haja relativo silêncio a seu respeito no cenário presente, ela nunca se ausentou de guiar as ações que visam ao bem e à defesa da vida. Urge tirá-la do silêncio em que se encontra, por meio da prática educativa escolar, e explicitá-la nos discursos e práticas humanas para que protejamos a dignidade humana e a continuidade da vida sobre a terra.
Formação de Assistentes Sociais Críticos e Criativos: relato de prática no âmbito do estágio de docência / Training of Critical and Creative Social Assistants: report of practice in the scope of teaching stage
Authors: De Oliveira Josiani Julião Alves , Silva Paula Ravagnani
Published: July 2017

Este relato de prática tem por objetivo retratar a vivência no contexto da realização do estágio de docência no âmbito do Doutorado, vinculado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Serviço Social da UNESP-Franca-SP dimensionando, contudo, a base teórica que sustentou a mesma. Foi refletida a importância do estágio de docência no processo de formação pedagógica de pós-graduandos e, assim exposta e analisada a referida vivência dentre as contribuições das pesquisas científicas da Neurociência visando à formação de Assistentes Sociais, que, além de uma estruturada formação teórica mediante o compromisso ético e político da categoria, sejam capazes de propostas e ações críticas, criativas e transformadoras diante o enfrentamento as várias formas das expressões da questão social no enfoque do Neoliberalismo. Assim, a experiência relatada foi organizada contendo a introdução com o marco teórico, o objetivo, as metodologias utilizadas, a análise sobre as didáticas e, por fim, as considerações finais.
Increasing access to family planning services through a non-health sector: Technical Integration Coverage and Access (TICA) in Nepal
Authors: Bhatta Ghanshyam K , Orellana Josue , Mahat Bidya , Mishra Ishwar Nath , Tamrakar Chandeshwari , Sah Sujit Kumar
Published: July 2017

Background: Family Planning (FP) is a key developmental focus for the government of Nepal. Use of modern contraceptives has stagnated at 43.2% since 2011. Unmet need for family planning (FP) in Nepal remains high at 27%. Despite relatively high unmet need, a factor contributing to this levelling of contraceptive use is the limited range of methods available to most clients at most sites. To address the FP need among married women of reproductive age (WRA), we tested integration of FP into agricultural programs.
Aim: To assess the effectiveness of a FP program integrated into an agriculture (e.g., non-health) sector program.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional (post interventional) study was conducted November 2015 to February 2016 among 525 WRA participating in an agriculture program.
Results: The contraceptives commonly used by women in the study location were Depo Provera and Minilap. After Technical Integration Coverage and Access (TICA) interventions, almost all of the respondents (99.6%) had heard about FP of which 67.8% correctly understood FP as a method to prevent unwanted pregnancy. About 50% of the respondents were found currently using FP. The percentage of WRA aware of long-acting and permanent FP methods increased from 49.0% to 62.0% and 39.0% to 52.0% respectively. Decisions on using a FP method were predominantly made by the husband (68.0%). However, 68.4% women reported that they were accompanied by their husband. The proportion of men willing to use FP increased from 5.2% to 15.5% after TICA activities implementation. The main reason identified for not currently using FP devices was that the husband and wife were not living together (88.8%). Most of the women (98.0%) reported that FP utilization improved their quality of life.
Conclusion: TICA activities were very successful in both increasing FP knowledge level as well as utilizing FP services among the targeted beneficiaries. The use of FP increased among agriculture program beneficiaries after the integration of TICA activities with a gradual shift from short-acting FP methods to long-acting and permanent FP methods. For easy integration, FP projects should also utilize existing community structures such as cooperatives, women’s groups, men’s groups, and youth clubs.
The global church and family planning: creative collaboration
Authors: Larson H Elliott
Published: July 2017

A survey of articles on family planning and creative collaboration.
Clinical Application of Targeted Deep Sequencing in Solid-Cancer Patients and Utility for Biomarker-Selected Clinical Trials
Authors: Kim Seung Tae , Kim Kyoung-Mee , Kim Nayoung K.D. , Park Joon Oh , Ahn Soomin , Yun Jae-Won , Kim Kyu-Tae , Park Se Hoon , Park Peter J. , Kim Hee Cheol , Sohn Tae Sung , Choi Dong Il , Cho Jong Ho , Heo Jin Seok , Kwon Wooil , Lee Hyuk , Min Byung-Hoon , Hong Sung No , Park Young Suk , Lim Ho Yeong , Kang Won Ki , Park Woong-Yang , Lee Jeeyun
Published: July 2017

Molecular profiling of actionable mutations in refractory cancer patients has the potential to enable “precision medicine,” wherein individualized therapies are guided based on genomic profiling. The molecular-screening program was intended to route participants to different candidate drugs in trials based on clinical-sequencing reports. In this screening program, we used a custom target-enrichment panel consisting of cancer-related genes to interrogate single-nucleotide variants, insertions and deletions, copy number variants, and a subset of gene fusions. From August 2014 through April 2015, 654 patients consented to participate in the program at Samsung Medical Center. Of these patients, 588 passed the quality control process for the 381-gene cancer-panel test, and 418 patients were included in the final analysis as being eligible for any anticancer treatment (127 gastric cancer, 122 colorectal cancer, 62 pancreatic/biliary tract cancer, 67 sarcoma/other cancer, and 40 genitourinary cancer patients). Of the 418 patients, 55 (12%) harbored a biomarker that guided them to a biomarker-selected clinical trial, and 184 (44%) patients harbored at least one genomic alteration that was potentially targetable. This study demonstrated that the panel-based sequencing program resulted in an increased rate of trial enrollment of metastatic cancer patients into biomarker-selected clinical trials. Given the expanding list of biomarker-selected trials, the guidance percentage to matched trials is anticipated to increase.
Calibration exercise of a Hardin-type resonant column
Authors: Li H. , He H. , Senetakis K.
Published: July 2017

This technical note presents the calibration exercise of a Hardin-type resonant column of fixed–partly fixed ends, which is capable of exerting dynamic torsional vibration on the specimen. The apparatus uses a mechanical system connected to the drive mechanism which works as a massless torsional spring–dashpot and can apply axial load of compression or extension to the specimen. Thus, the vibration of this system follows the physics of oscillators (spring-type model), which is highly strain-rate dependent. The calibration exercise led to the estimation of the apparatus rotational inertia (JA). The calibration exercise was carried out using aluminium bars of known stiffness and of variable dimensions covering a range of frequencies from about 60 to 95 Hz, as well as real soil specimens, which were used as calibration rods covering an additional range of frequencies from about 85 to 170 Hz. This allowed a wide range of frequencies to be captured, which are representative of resonant frequencies of soil specimens of 70 mm dia. and 140 mm long. For the real soil specimens, which were used as calibration rods, the rotational stiffness necessary for the estimation of JAwas estimated from bender elements inserted into the resonant column. It was shown that JAwas frequency dependent, which is in alignment with the vibration of oscillators.
A unified framework for evaluating in situ state of sand with varying fines content
Authors: Yang J. , Liu X. , Guo Y. , Liang L. B.
Published: July 2017

In the design and construction of large-scale earth structures such as hydraulic fills for artificial islands or tailings dams, a major concern is the susceptibility of sand fills to flow failure or liquefaction. The big challenge in liquefaction evaluation is to evaluate the in situ state of sand, because it is extremely difficult to obtain high-quality undisturbed samples for that purpose. Here an attractive framework is presented, which allows a direct evaluation of in situ states of sands with varying quantity of fines through shear wave velocity measurements. The framework is built upon a specifically designed experimental programme comprising small-strain shear wave measurements and large-strain undrained shear tests over a wide range of post-consolidation states. A marked feature of the framework is the unified characterisation of shear wave velocity for both clean and silty sands through a state parameter that properly combines the effects of void ratio and confining stress in a sound theoretical context. As the shear wave velocity can be reliably measured both in the laboratory and in the field, and since the state parameter is a meaningful index for characterising various aspects of sand behaviour, the proposed framework is highly promising in a range of geotechnical applications.
De Nederlanse casus: Een politiek gevecht om de grondwetsherziening
Authors: Erasmus Jan Pelle
Published: July 2017

The political struggle leading up to the Dutch Constitution of 19831 is an empirical theoretical relevant case.  A particular theoretical point of view (called the theoretical perspective of scientific legal intervention) appears to be important with respect to knowledge about contitution building.  A preponderating identical habitus of constitutional law intervention was characteristic for all political actors involved on the Dutch national level.  In revising the Dutch Constitution of 1983 these actors have been influenced by the international context.  However, 'the' international context does not exist.  Instead there have been four international politically relevant contexts in the case of the Netherlands between 1945 and 1983.  These contexts provoked national political issues and could have a strong political impact.
Oordrag van eiendomsreg en die vulgêre reg in die Wes-Romeinse ryk
Authors: Schutte PJW
Published: July 2017

It is generally accepted that an abstract system is applied in South Africa with regard to the transfer of ownership. It is a characteristic of the abstract system that the different legal acts which form part of the process, namely the obligatory agreement, delivery of the thing concerned or registration, and the real agreement are separated from each other and that each has its own requirements. However, there is no certainty about the question as to whether or not this distinction stems from Roman law. The purpose of this article is to ascertain whether the distinction between the different legal acts existed in the vulgar law.

It appears that the legal position in the vulgar law differs from South African law in that no distinction between the obligatory agreement and delivery of the thing existed. The conclusion of the sale, payment of the purchase price and the delivery of the merx took place simultaneously. It was considered to be one single act which also transferred ownership from one person to another. It furthermore appears that the intention of the parties to transfer ownership played a very important role. Yet, it was only the intention that existed at the time when the obligatory agreement was entered into, that mattered. Ownership did not pass by virtue of a separate meeting of the minds which could be abstracted from the obligatory agreement.

Although certain formal requirements, the purpose of which were to enable the state to collect taxes, had been introduced in the vulgar law, writing and registration had not been regarded as formal requirements for the transfer of ownership in immovable property. Yet, the practice had been to draw written documents relating to the contract of sale, and to register them in municipal registers. This form of registration, however, is not tantamount to registration in the Deeds Registry.

The conclusion is that an independent real agreement, which could be abstracted from the obligatory agreement was unknown to the vulgar law. There was no clear-cut distinction between the different legal acts such as that existing in South African law at present.
Aantekeninge oor die Wet op Huurbehuising 50 van 1999
Authors: De la Harpe SPLR
Published: July 2017

On 1 August 2000 the Rental Housing Act 50 of 1999 came into operation. This is a typical example of an act which attempts to, in conjunction with the private sector, provide for third generation fundamental rights. This note concentrates on the influence of the act on the contractual aspects of the rental agreement.

Sections 4 and 5 have a direct influence on the relationship between the landlord and tenant. In particular matters like unfair discrimination and the right to privacy are addressed. Certain rights are afforded to third parties namely the members of the tenant’s household and bona fide visitors.

Important aspects are inter alia the right to have the agreement reduced to writing and the provisions which are deemed to be contained in the agreement. This includes, amongst others, the right to receive receipts, certain information, payment of a deposit, interest on the deposit and the inspection of the property.

The conclusion is made that the act is a welcome replacement of the Rent Control Act. There are however certain practicalities which could jeopardise the success of the act.  It is unlikely that the provinces have the capacity to implement the act. The protection provided by the act to the lower income groups may not materialise as they often do not know their rights and would often rather suffer the bad living conditions than risking the possibility of loosing it altogether by complaining.
Children's Rights in the South African Constitution
Authors: Robinson JA
Published: July 2017

Children were in many respects defenceless victims of discriminatory practices in ‘apartheid South Africa’. In fact, discrimination on the basis of gender, race and other inequalities were inscribed in the social fabric of the previous constitutional dispensation. The constitutional dispensation that came into effect on the 27th April 1994 was therefore designed to innovate social, political and legal structures that would be radically different from those of the country’s past history.

 In this contribution the impact of the Constitution upon the rights of children are considered. In order to fathom the impact. a general overview of constitutional principles and provisions necessary for the comprehension of the rights of children is provided. Thereafter the rights of children expressly mentioned in the Constitution will be addressed. Attention is also paid to the equal protection and nondiscrimination provisions of the Constitution, albeit only indirectly.
The balancing of conflicting rights in the application of section 49 of The Criminal Procedure Act
Authors: De la Harpe Stephen , Van der Walt Tharien
Published: July 2017

Section 492 of the Criminal Procedure Act3 (hereafter CPA) provides for the use of force during arrest.  This provision recently came under the spotlight in the Supreme Court of Appeal4 as well as in the Constitutional Court.5  Section 49 of the CPA is shrouded in controversy, as the proposed amendment (section 7 of the Judicial Matters Second Amendment Act, 122 of 1998) has not yet been put into operation because of the resistance of the Minister of Safety and Security.
The interaction between religious freedom, equality and human dignity
Authors: Pienaar Gerrit
Published: July 2017

In balancing religious freedom with the right to equality and human dignity of persons affected by discriminatory measures, the provisions of sections 9, 10, 15(1), 31(1) and 36 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108 of 1996 and sections 7, 8 and 14 of the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 have to be considered.  Especially in the case of racial or gender discrimination, the burden rests on the respondent to prove that the distinction is based on acknowledged church dogma or religious belief, and is of such a nature that it passes the test of a nuanced and context-sensitive form of balancing of these freedoms and the right to human dignity and equality of persons affected by them.
Same-sex marriage in South Africa: The road ahead
Authors: Robinson JA , Swanepoel J
Published: July 2017

In hierdie bydrae word die problematiek oor "huwelike" tussen persone van dieselfde geslag aan die orde gestel. 'n Oorsig word gebied oor die verskillende fasette van die debat en die argumente wat tipies daarin aangevoer word. Op grond van 'n teoretiese verantwoording oor die aard van die huwelik word standpunt oor hierdie kwessie ingeneem. Nadat moontlike modelle oorweeg is word daar met inagneming van grondwetlike oorwegings 'n aanbeveling oor hierdie aangeleentheid gedoen.
The application of just administrative action in the South African environmental governance sphere: an analysis of some contemporary thoughts and recent jurisprudence
Authors: Kotzé LJ
Published: July 2017

Administrative law, and more specifically administrative justice, is becoming increasingly important in the context of environmental law. The enforcement of environmental law depends to a large extent on administrative decision-making by environmental authorities. A developer who whishes to undertake a development activity that may have a detrimental effect on the environment, will require an environmental authorization that must be granted by the relevant environmental authority. There may be certain instance where the application for such an authorization is unduly delayed, or where there are mala fides on the part of the relevant authority. This may inevitably infringe the right of the developer to, inter alia, administrative justice. It is argued in this article that the developer has certain constitutional rights which can be invoked when dealing with environmental authorities. Hence, the discussion in this article focuses on the relationship between administrative justice and environmental governance; the constitutional rights of the developer; and recent case law that supports the proposal that the developer has legal recourse when her right to administrative justice has been infringed.
Parental access to minors' health records in the South African health care context: concerns and recommendations
Authors: Slabbert MN
Published: July 2017

Privacy and confidentiality have long been recognized as essential elements of the doctorpatient relationship. Patients should feel free to disclose the most intimate and private medical facts about themselves to their physicians in order to facilitate optimal patient care. Medical records, whether hand-written or electronic, also play an important role in other contexts, such as medical research, health care management and financial audit. In South Africa there is little consistency in approaches to patient confidentiality. There are also no national standards or policies on patient confidentiality, apart from specific ethical rules, some ad hoc statutory provisions and general constitutional provisions not directly related to the intricacies of the doctor-patient relationship. A closer look at the relevant statutory provisions reveal the existence of conflicting standards, most notably in respect of parental access to a minors' health records. The purpose of this paper is to examine the discrepancies and contradictory provisions relating to the access to and disclosure of health information, in particular parental access to health records of minors. In the final instance, some recommendations will be suggested.