bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aqui é a nossa praia! Apropriação e uso da avenida paulista no contexto de políticas de desenvolvimento urbano
Authors: Cordeiro Adriana Tenório , Mello Sérgio Carvalho Benício de , Bastos Antonio Fagner da Silva
Published: September 2019

Resumo Este artigo analisa os argumentos em torno da experiência de ocupação e uso da Paulista Aberta para avançar uma compreensão acerca de políticas de desenvolvimento urbano e seus efeitos. Seguimos a analítica arqueológica inspirada em Michel Foucault, abordagem que se debruça sobre discursos de forma a compreender as formações ali presentes a partir da identificação de seus enunciados. No tocante à Paulista Aberta, há uma clara disputa espacial, com hierarquias de poder sendo desafiadas por uma ênfase em pedestrianismo, ciclismo e lazer. Porém, apesar de haver discursos favoráveis e desfavoráveis, tais discursos não se configuram como sendo antagônicos. Este trabalho é um ponto de partida crítico à investigação das relações de poder imbricadas nas lógicas de produção social desse espaço.
Desafios da mobilidade ativa na perspectiva dos serviços públicos: experiências na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Cruz Silvia Stuchi , Paulino Sonia Regina
Published: September 2019

Resumo O trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar os desafios da mobilidade ativa na perspectiva da inovação em serviços. Foram selecionados como estudos de caso: as áreas 40 de São Miguel Paulista e Santana e o projeto de rua completa da Rua Joel Carlos Borges. Na perspectiva da interpretação da inovação em serviços baseada em novas competências e técnicas do prestador, os projetos contribuíram para o desenvolvimento de competências no setor público para utilização de metodologias de avaliação de impacto e metodologia de leitura urbana, trazendo uma visão sistêmica e sobre os usos e dinâmicas locais, e aspectos comportamentais dos usuários. Tais competências estão associadas ao urbanismo tático como técnica para intervenções urbanas temporárias. Os princípios aplicados nos projetos estão alinhados à Política Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana, mas até o momento se restringiram a ações de alteração do limite de velocidade dos veículos e de sinalização horizontal para identificação do perímetro dessas áreas. Não foi identificada introdução de serviços de tratamento cicloviário. Portanto, apontam-se grandes potencialidades para a continuação da introdução de inovações para aprimoramento e ganho de escala dos serviços públicos para transporte não motorizado em consonância com o paradigma da mobilidade urbana sustentável.
Influência de parâmetros meteorológicos na geração de energia em painéis fotovoltaicos: um caso de estudo do Smart Campus Facens, SP, Brasil
Authors: Francisco Ana Carolina Camargo , Vieira Henrique Ewbank de Miranda , Romano Regiane Relva , Roveda Sandra Regina Monteiro Masalskiene
Published: September 2019

Resumo O conceito de cidades inteligentes, apesar de não possuir uma definição universalmente aceita, está cada vez mais sendo discutido. Com o aumento significativo da porcentagem da população que vive em cidades e o consequente aumento do uso dos recursos, novos modelos de cidades são desenhados para que tal crescimento possa ser sustentável. A energia é um dos principais recursos necessários para o homem, e novas formas de geração de energia devem ser consideradas. Devido às condições geográficas brasileiras, o uso da energia fotovoltaica aparenta ser uma excelente opção, porém hoje corresponde a aproximadamente 2% da energia total brasileira. Este trabalho buscou relacionar de que forma as condições meteorológicas influenciam na geração de energia de painéis fotovoltaicos, de modo a permitir a criação de ferramentas que identifiquem regiões com alto potencial de geração de energia fotovoltaica. As variáveis meteorológicas foram consideradas como variáveis independentes do modelo proposto, que buscava explicar a variável dependente Energia. Os resultados demonstraram uma potencial geração de energia solar fotovoltaica em diversos locais no Brasil, já que a incidência de radiação solar foi identificada como a variável que mais explica a energia gerada, e o país possui altas taxas desta variável em toda sua extensão.
Pteridófitas usadas na legislação como indicadoras de estágios sucessionais no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Della Aline Possamai , Falkenberg Daniel de Barcellos
Published: September 2019

RESUMO No Estado de Santa Catarina, três resoluções do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) caracterizam estágios sucessionais de formações vegetacionais para licenciamento ambiental: 04/1994 (florestas), 261/1999 (restinga) e 423/2010 (campos de altitude), apresentando táxons indicadores, incluindo inclusive pteridófitas. Avaliamos a qualidade de indicação das 14 pteridófitas adotadas como indicadoras de estágios nessas resoluções (seis espécies na 261/1999, nove na 423/2010 e uma na 04/1994) e discutimos possíveis espécies indicadoras em seis gêneros citados na 261/1999. Criamos dois conjuntos de critérios e, a partir de coletas e revisão bibliográfica, aplicamos tais critérios a cada espécie avaliada. Consideramos a maioria das espécies na Resolução 261/1999 como boa indicadora, assim como cinco outras (Lomariocycas schomburgkii, Neoblechnum brasiliense, Pleopeltis hirsutissima, Pleopeltis pleopeltifolia e Serpocaulon latipes). Na Resolução 423/2010, apenas Lomariocycas schomburgkii e Pteridium esculentum foram julgadas boas indicadoras, a última também para estágio inicial das florestas. Revisões nessas resoluções poderão torná-las mais adequadas, principalmente incorporando mais espécies à Resolução das florestas.
Se Essa Rua Fosse Minha... Entre Imagens e Infâncias: mapas, rastros e traços do corpo-criança
Authors: Chisté Bianca Santos , Santos Gabriel Tenório dos
Published: September 2019

Resumo: Valendo-se de produções imagéticas de crianças em brincadeiras na rua, o texto discute os significados de infância e as questões em torno dos mitos da quietude e imobilidade do corpo para aprender, ideia muito presente na educação. Criando algumas conexões entre as imagens produzidas por crianças e a educação do cuidado e do controle, propõe um olhar voltado ao corpo como potência para se pensar outros modos de vida e de fazer a educação com crianças.
‘Is she? Or, a little detour, dragged by the ear’
Authors: Cyrino Marina Pereira
Published: September 2019

Abstract: This articlestarts from an account of the process of commissioning, composing, and performing Mansoor Hosseini’sCasss...andra(2015), a solo work for flute collaboratively composed. By invoking the mythic figure of Cassandra, following her transformations through centuries of Western Art and her transformations through the researcher’s own body, this article invites the reader for possible ways of escaping the exotification of Cassandra as the mad sorceress, the female stranger. By weaving together artistic research, creative practices, and personal narrative, the entanglement of Cassandra, withCasss…andra,with the song of the flute, reframe and reclaim the auditory dimension of Cassandra’s gift.
Physiological and sanitary performance of soybean seeds during storage after phosphine fumigation
Authors: Krzyzanowski Francisco Carlos , Lorini Irineu , Henning Ademir Assis , França-Neto José de Barros
Published: September 2019

Abstract: To maintain the physical, physiological and sanitary qualities of soybean seeds during storage, efficient control of pests must be considered. Fumigation is a technique used to eliminate pests that infest stored seeds, but there is no information on possible toxic effects on the seed and the microorganisms in the seeds fumigated several times during storage. An experiment was conducted to ascertain its effect on germination, viability, and vigor (tetrazolium, accelerated aging, and seedling length tests) and on the microorganisms associated with the soybean seeds. The study was conducted on soybean seeds which were exposed to three phosphine fumigations over the period of 210 days of storage in a completely randomized statistical design. The treatments were three concentrations of phosphine (PH3.m-3) at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g.m-3 and the control without application of phosphine, applied three times on the same group of the seeds throughout the storage period. The fumigation chambers were made of plastic sheet impermeable to phosphine gas. Seed fumigation did not modify the physiological performance of the soybean seeds. It also did not affect the viability of the fungi and bacteria in the seeds.
Influence of the storage environment on the physiological quality of millet seeds (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)
Authors: Silva Girlânio Holanda da , Toledo Mariana Zampar , Teixeira Renake Nogueira , Rossi Rubiana Falopa , Nakagawa João
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Millet is a species of the grass family used in cattle pastures, for hay, for silage, and in soil cover in no-tillage systems. However, studies on seed production and post-harvest techniques for this species have not been sufficiently developed, considering the demand for and potential of this crop. The objective of this study was to monitor the physiological quality of millet seeds stored in porous packaging. Millet seeds were stored under four ambient conditions (natural laboratory environment, dry chamber, refrigerator, and freezer). Physiological quality was evaluated by germination and vigor tests before and during storage each year, up to six years for the dry chamber and natural laboratory environment, and up to 12 years for the refrigerator and freezer. Analysis of variance was conducted on the data, which were in 4 × 6 and 2 × 12 (environment and storage period) factorial arrangements. The means of the environments were compared by the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05) and the storage periods by regression analysis. The germination capacity of millet seeds is best conserved in a refrigerator and freezer, and they remain viable for up to twelve years of storage under these conditions.
Sanitary quality of soybean seeds treated with fungicides and insecticides before and after storage
Authors: Ferreira Thaís Francielle , Carvalho Marcos Vinicios , Ferreira Valquíria de Fátima , Mavaieie Denilson Paulo da Rosa , Guimarães Gabriel Castanheira , Oliveira João Almir
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Fungi are considered as the most important among pathogens due to the higher number of species and to the damage caused both in yield and in seed quality. Thus, aimed to verify the effect of fungicide and insecticide treatment on sanitary quality and physiological performance of soybean seeds before and after storage. Seeds from cultivars NS 7494, NS 8693 and NS 7338 IPRO were used, which were analyzed separately by a completely randomized design in a 3 x 6 factorial design, being three chemical treatment applications: 1) treated and evaluated; 2) treated, stored and evaluated; 3) stored, treated and evaluated; and six mixtures of fungicides and insecticides: (Imidacloprido + Tiocarbe) + (Carbendazim + Tiram), (Imidacloprido + Tiocarbe) + (Metalaxil-M + Fludioxonil), Thiamethoxam + (Carbendazim + Tiram), Thiamethoxam + (Metalaxil-M + Fludioxonil), (Fipronil + Piraclostrobina + Metil-tiofanato) and the control, which was added only water. The healthy test, germination, cold and accelerated aging tests were evaluated. Seed treatment products require at least two months to be effective in controlling Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. The mixtures containing Carbendazim + Tiram in its composition are efficient in the control of pathogens regardless of the application time of products.
Accelerated aging test and its relationship to physiological potential of soybean seeds
Authors: Matera Thaisa Cavalieri , Pereira Lucas Caiubi , Braccini Alessandro Lucca , Krzyzanowski Francisco Carlos , Scapim Carlos Alberto , Piana Samara Cavalli , Marteli Danilo Cesar Volpato , Pereira Renata Cristiane , Ferri Gláucia Cristina , Suzukawa Andreia Kazumi
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Although accelerated aging is one of the tests most used for evaluation of the physiological quality of soybean seeds, there are few studies that relate it to other physiological tests used for the crop. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of accelerated aging to the results of physiological performance obtained in the vigor tests most frequently used in the soybean quality control system (germination, first count, seedling vigor classification, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, emergence speed index, final emergence in sand substrate, and field emergence). The experiment was conducted with seeds that had different vigor levels, adopting a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. Pearson simple correlation analysis (r) and simple linear regression analysis at both 1% and 5% probability were conducted on the data. The results showed that the seedling vigor classification test (r = 0.9160) and the field emergence test (r = 0.9198) were those that best correlated with accelerated aging, followed by the germination (r = 0.8690), first count of germination (r = 0.8460), and electrical conductivity (r = 0.8912) tests.
Ameliorative effects of TiO2 nanoparticles and sodium nitroprusside on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat under PEG-stimulated drought stress
Authors: Faraji Javad , Sepehri Ali
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Seed germination and early seedling growth are sensitive to drought stress in wheat. A factorial experiment was arranged based on a completely randomized design with three replicates to study the impacts of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs: 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg.L) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP: 0 and 100 μM), as NO donor, on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress (0, -0.4 and -0.8 MPa). Our results revealed that PEG-stimulated drought stress significantly decreased germination percentage (GP), germination energy (GE), germination rate (GR), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot fresh weight (SFW) and vigor index (VI) but increased mean germination time (MGT) in wheat seeds. However, application of TiO2 NPs and SNP alone or in combination significantly enhanced GP, GE, GR, RL, SL, RFW, SFW and VI up to 23.72%, 50%, 33.74%, 85.38%, 93.28%, 73%, 91.91% and 91.04% respectively, but significantly reduced MGT up to 28.36% under severe drought stress. Our results showed that application of TiO2 NPs and SNP alone or in combination can significantly alleviate the adverse effects of PEG-stimulated drought stress on seed germination and early seedling growth of wheat.
Subsidies for propagation of native species in Brazil with medicinal potential: Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess
Authors: Silva Rosemeire Carvalho da , Belniaki Andreza Cerioni , Vieira Elisa Serra Negra , Cuquel Francine Lorena , Panobianco Maristela
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. (guanandi) is a native species with medicinal potential and also generates expectation for commercial use (wood) and for recovery of degraded areas. These seeds have physical and mechanical dormancy, requiring techniques for dormancy release; knowledge of seed and seedling morphology that assists laboratory analysis and propagation of the species is also necessary. The objective of this study was to describe the morphological structures of the seeds and normal and abnormal seedlings of guanandi, and also investigate if complete extraction of the endocarp and the seed coat to overcome dormancy will affect the morphology and initial plant development, and consequently production of transplants. Guanandi seeds are large (1000 seed weight of 1480.9 g) with a hard seed coat; cotyledons account for most of the embryo and serve as a reserve; the embryonic axis is small (1.0-2.0 mm) in relation to the seed, yet it is differentiated. The seedlings have hypogeal cryptocotylar germination, with cotyledonary petioles, taproot, and epicotyl developing into a long stem and a tip protected by cataphylls. The main abnormalities in seedlings are related to the root system. Extraction of the endocarp and seed coat does not alter the morphology of seedlings and promotes their greater development, which may be an advantageous strategy.
Investigation of dormancy and storage potential of seeds of yellow passion fruit
Authors: Grzybowski Camila Ribeiro de Souza , Silva Rosemeire Carvalho da , Belniaki Andreza Cerioni , Panobianco Maristela
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Passiflora actinia Hooker is a passion fruit species native to Brazil, typically found in the Atlantic and Araucaria Forests. It has economic relevance (edible fruit) and medicinal value (sedative and anxiolytic properties), in addition to being used for vegetative propagation, as rootstock for other Passiflora species. This study aimed at investigating the occurrence of dormancy in P. actinia seeds, and at evaluating their storage potential. The germination test considered different combinations of temperature and lighting regimes, whereas seed dormancy was assessed using different germination-inducing treatments (tegument cutting, warm water immersion, and gibberellin application). Seed viability during storage was also appraised. The results showed that seed germination should be conducted on paper at the alternating temperature of 20-30 °C, without lighting. Also, newly-harvested seeds presented physical and physiological dormancies. The immersion of seeds in water at 40 °C or 50 °C (for 5 or 10 minutes) proved to be efficient in breaking the physical dormancy. Physiological dormancy, in turn, was successfully interrupted by applying 100 mg. L-1 of gibberellic acid on the substrate paper. The storage of seeds under refrigeration, inside hermetically sealed polyethylene packaging, preserved their physiological quality for up to nine months.
Temperatures and periods of drying delay and quality of corn seeds harvested on the ears
Authors: Carvalho Everson Reis , Francischini Victor Moss , Avelar Suemar Alexandre Gonçalves , Costa Júlia Camargos da
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Seeds harvested on the ears have high moisture content. On that account, this study aimed at evaluating the loss of physiological quality of corn seeds harvested on the ears, as a function of different drying-delay times. Hybrid corn ears were harvested at 31% moisture and then had their drying postponed for 0, 12, 24 and 36 h, while subjected to temperatures of 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C. The physiological quality was evaluated after 0, 4, 8 and 12 months of storage. A completely randomized design was employed, in a 4 x 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. In addition, a study was performed in a seed-processing unit, reporting the average waiting time before drying and the temperatures of all loads of a corn hybrid received at the facility. The physiological quality was not affected by temperatures below 40 °C, considering 36 h of waiting before drying. At 50 ºC during the drying delay, the germination was impaired 36 h afterward, and the vigor was compromised after 24 h, with the damage effects intensifying as the storage advanced. At the temperature of 60 ºC, the deficits in germination and vigor occurred within the first hours of drying delay.
Dynamics of the rangpur lime seed germination test conducted under different temperatures
Authors: Ávila Marizangela Rizzatti , Barbosa Juliana , Fonseca Júnior Nelson da Silva , Nagashima Getúlio Takashi , Oliveira Carolina Maria Gaspar de , Garcia Emanueli Bastos
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Adoption of a standard procedure to perform the germination test allows comparison of results between laboratories. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the germination process of rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) seeds conducted under different temperatures. The germination test was carried out in five seed lots under three temperatures (25, 30 and 35 °C). The dynamics of the germination process was studied through the following variables: germination (%), time to first germination (days), time to last germination (days), time interval between first and last germination (days), time required to reach 50% of germination (days), mean speed of germination (day-1), synchrony of the germination process (dimensionless), and uncertainty of the germination process (bits). The experimental design was completely randomized, and analysis of variance was performed in a 5 (lots) x 3 (temperatures) factorial arrangement, with four replicates of each treatment. Means were compared using Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). The germination process in rangpur lime seeds is slow, homogenous, and asynchronous; and the temperature of 30 °C is the most favorable for conducting the germination test, with the first count at 21 days and the last at 30 days.
Yield and quality of seeds of lettuce genotypes produced under organic management
Authors: Souza Josiany Thamara Alves , Costa Cândido Alves da , Brandão Junior Delacyr da Silva , Menezes João Batista de Campos , Nascimento Warley Marcos , Cardoso Wesley José
Published: September 2019

Abstract: is one of the main vegetable species used in organic production. However, studies and research in the organic area are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and quality of seeds of lettuce genotypes produced in two consecutive years under an organic management system. Two plantations were installed under open field conditions corresponding to autumn/winter in 2016 and 2017. Ten lettuce genotypes were evaluated in four replications using a biofertilizer made from swine manure in the management and manual harvesting of seeds. Evaluations consisted of seed yield (in kg.ha−1), physical test (1000-seed weight), and germination and vigor test (first germination count, germination rate index, and seedling dry matter). The genotype Cubana and two Grand Rapids had higher yields under the tested conditions. Higher seed weights were recorded in 2017. Both genotypes Grand Rapids reached the minimum germination standard established for commercialization (80%). Vanda and AC 5058 showed a better performance for germination rate index and first germination count, while Cinderela had a better seedling dry matter. These varieties were promising for organic cultivation.
Tetrazolium: an important test for physiological seed quality evaluation
Authors: França-Neto José de Barros , Krzyzanowski Francisco Carlos
Published: September 2019

Abstract: The production of high quality seeds is linked to a good quality control system. In this system, the tetrazolium test plays an important role in the evaluation of the seed physiological quality, not only due to its relative quickness, but also because of the amount of information that the test presents, such as the indexes of viability and vigor, in addition to providing the diagnosis of possible seed quality problems, such as mechanical damage, insect damage, pre-harvest weathering and deterioration during storage. The development of the test had its beginnings at the end of the 19th century, with great evolution in its concepts and methods in the 20th century. For that, there was the dedication of dozens of professionals in several countries, such as Germany, Japan, Russia, Serbia (former Yugoslavia), United States, Argentina and Brazil. The test indirectly measures the respiration processes that occur in the mitochondria of the cells that make up the tissues of the seeds. The reducing reaction of the solution of the tetrazolium salt under the action of dehydrogenase enzymes results in triphenylformazan, which presents a red carmin coloration. By the interpretation of the resulting staining patterns, seed viability, vigor and the main problems affecting seed quality are determined.
Urochloa ruziziensis Desiccation, Straw Quantity and Position on Nodulation and Production of Soybean ‘M-SOY 7908 RR’
Authors: NEPOMUCENO M.P. , SILVA B.P. , GIANCOTTI P.R.F. , PEREIRA F.C.M. , ALVES P.L.C.A.
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the quantity and soil position of Urochloa ruziziensis straw desiccated with glyphosate for different periods of time on ‘M-SOY 7908 RR’ soybean nodulation, growth and production characteristics. Three experiments were conducted under semi-controlled conditions. In the first, three quantities of U. ruziziensis straw (2.5, 5.0 and 10 ton ha-1) previously desiccated with glyphosate were incorporated into the soil (10 cm deep) or deposited on the soil surface, and in the second experiment, the treatments consisted of three U. ruziziensis desiccation periods, 0, 7 and 12 days before soybean sowing, and one treatment without U. ruziziensis. In the third treatment, desiccation was performed at 0, 5 and 10 days before soybean sowing, and the desiccated plant shoots were removed or left in place before soybean sowing. For each of the experiments, a completely randomized experimental design was adopted, and the masses of the shoot and root dry matter, the degree of nodulation and soybean production were evaluated. The deposition of U. ruziziensis straw on the soil surface promoted the nodulation and growth of ‘M-SOY 7908 RR’ soybean plant shoots, while its incorporation into the soil, even at 2.5 ton ha-1, caused deleterious effects. Desiccation of U. ruziziensis from 0 to 7 days before sowing was also detrimental to the nodulation and growth of M-SOY 7908 RR soybean, reducing its productivity.
Elevated CO2 Concentrations and Water Stress Affect the Ability of Italian Ryegrass to Remediate Herbicides and Enhance its Allelopathic Effect
Authors: SILVEIRA L.P. , FEIJÓ A.R. , BENETTI C. , REFATTI J.P. , FIPKE M.V. , CAMARGO E.R. , ZISKA L.H. , AVILA L.A.
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT: The long temporal persistence of select herbicides negatively impacts crops sown in succession to irrigated rice. One way to reduce these compounds in the soil over time is through phytoremediation. However, elevated CO2 concentrations may interfere with the phytoremediation process. Another consequence of climate change is the production of allelopathic compounds by forage species used as remedial agents. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of elevated CO2 concentration and drought stress on the remediation of soil samples contaminated with imazapyr + imazapic herbicides by Italian ryegrass and any subsequential affect on the allelopathic effect of this species. We report that the increasing CO2 decreased the phytoremediation potential of ryegrass. Water stress combined with a CO2 concentration of 700 µmol mol-1 caused increased allelopathy. Overall, these are the first data to indicate a significant effect of higher CO2 levels with respect to both phytoremediation efficacy and allelopathic potential of the plant species used in phytoremediation.
Tembotrione Half-Life in Soils with Different Attributes
Authors: SILVA E.M.G. , FARIA A.T. , MARULANDA N.M.E. , PEREIRA G.A.M. , SARAIVA D.T. , REIS M.R. , SILVA A.A.
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT: Before recommending an herbicide, it is necessary to know its interactions with the soil attributes that will influence its sorption and half-life in the soil. This knowledge is an essential condition for minimizing any negative effects that may result from its application. However, due to the great diversity of soil and climate in Brazil, especially for products of recent use in the country, such as the herbicide tembotrione, this knowledge is often not available. This may be the main cause of occurrence of intoxication reports in crops carried out in succession to corn sprayed with this herbicide. In order to reduce possible impacts on successor crops and the contamination of surface and groundwater using the high-performance liquid chromatography, the tembotrione half-life was determined in soils with different attributes. The evaluated soils were a Red-Yellow Latosol with and without liming (Viçosa, MG), Red-Yellow Latosol (Rio Paranaíba, MG), Yellow Latosol (Sooretama, ES), and Red-Yellow Latosol with and without liming (Gurupi, TO). The results showed that liming might favor tembotrione degradation in the soil, as well as direct relationships between values of tembotrione half-life and contents of clay and soil organic matter. Tembotrione half-life in samples of Red-Yellow Latosol (without liming) collected in Viçosa and Rio Paranaíba, MG, was higher than 90 days, indicating carryover risks in successive crops to corn sprayed with tembotrione in these regions.
Effect of Pesticide Addition Sequence on the Preparation of Phytosanitary Spray Solutions
Authors: RAMOS M.F.T. , SANTOS R.T.S. , ALMEIDA D.P. , VECHIA J.F.D. , FERREIRA M.C.
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT: The addition of adjuvants to herbicide solutions is aimed at preserving or enhancing the biological effect of treatment. However, it is commonly performed without knowledge of the physicochemical interactions between products. This study aimed to assess the effects of different addition sequences of the herbicide aminopyralid + fluroxypyr and adjuvants in the preparation of phytosanitary spray solutions on the surface tension and contact angle. Two experiments were carried out with herbicide doses of 1 and 2 L ha-1 associated with the adjuvants mineral oil (MO), silicone-polyether copolymer (SIL), and a mixture of phosphatidylcholine (lectin) and propionic acid (LEC), all at a proportion of 0.3% v v-1. The application rate was 150 L ha-1. Surface tension was measured by the pendant droplet method. Contact angle was measured on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves of the pasture weed Senna obtusifolia and parafilm. Preparation sequence did not change the contact angle on any of the analyzed surfaces at a dose of 1 L ha-1 of herbicide. For the dose of 2 L ha-1, the adjuvants SIL and LEC showed a higher spreading when previously added to the herbicide. MO resulted in a higher spreading when added after the herbicide, with higher surface coverage. Therefore, the preparation sequence influences the dispersion of phytosanitary spray solutions on targets.
Weed Interference in the Establishment of Urochloa ruziziensis
Authors: LOURENÇO A.A. , MOTA R.V. , SANCHES J.L. , MARQUES R.F. , MARCHI S.R.
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT: This research aimed to study weed interference relationship on morphogenesis, yield, and greenhouse gas production potential of Urochloa ruziziensis under pasture renovation conditions. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of seven coexistence periods: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after emergence (DAE). The following morphological parameters were analyzed: number of tillers, number of leaves, photosynthetically active leaf blade biomass, fresh stem biomass, dead material biomass, and total dry biomass. In vitro analyses of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production were also carried out. The results were submitted to analysis of variance by the F-test, and the test of means was carried out by the Scott-Knott test at 5%. Biomass, CH4, and CO2 production of U. ruziziensis were modified with only 15 days of weed coexistence, with an effect even higher from 45 DAE. Therefore, weeds interfere with all morphological parameters, yield, and greenhouse gas production in the pasture establishment with the forage grass U. ruziziensis.
Comparative Morphological, Anatomical and Ecological Studies on Two Varieties of Iris unguicularis subsp. carica (Iridaceae) in Turkey
Authors: KANDEMIR N. , KHAN G. , ÇELIK A.
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT: Iris is the largest genus of family Iridaceae having 50 species with 24 endemic to Turkey. Here in this study we compared morphological, anatomical and ecological characters of two varieties of Iris unguicularis subsp. carica (Iris unguicularis subsp. carica var. carica and Iris unguicularis subsp. carica var. syriaca) from Turkey. We reported some distinctive morphological characteristics between both of the varieties like plant size, root length and width, leaf length and width, perianth tube, falls, standard fruit and bract length, falls and standards width and structure, flower colour which are of important taxonomic values. We further investigated that both the varieties are found in different localities and the differences in morphological properties are specific to ecological conditions. Soil analysis of both varieties reveal that CO3, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn values are more effective than the other soil factors in the distributions of these varieties.
Occurrence of Weeds in Areas Submitted to Tillage Managements for Soybean Cultivation in the Cerrado of Roraima
Authors: MENEZES P.H.S. , ALBUQUERQUE J.A.A. , SMIDERLE J.O. , MEDEIROS R.D. , ALVES J.M.A. , GIANLUPPI D.
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT: Weeds from soils submitted to different tillage managements were identified in two consecutive years of soybean cultivation in the Cerrado of Roraima. The study was carried out in three areas: native area (NA), mechanically mowed native area (MA), and limed area (LA). A descriptive analysis of the phytosociological parameters relative density (Drr), relative frequency (Frr), relative dominance (Dor), importance value index (IVI), and index of relative importance (IRI) was performed to interpret the results. The weed similarity index (SI) was also calculated in the assessed areas. The highest relative frequencies were observed for Trachypogon plumosus (40.92%), Bulbostylis capillaris (18.52%), and Spermacoce capitata (18.33%) in the native area and T. plumosus (24.69%), Cyperus flavus (24.69%), and S. capitata (18.52%) in the mowed area. Among the species collected in the areas, the botanical families Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae are the most representative. The used managements contribute to the emergence of new species of spontaneous plants and weeds in the Cerrado of Roraima.
Weed Interference in Semi-Erect and Semi-Prostate Cowpea Cultivars
Authors: CASTRO T.S. , ROCHA P.R.R. , BARRETO G.F. , MAIA S.S. , ALBUQUERQUE J.A.A. , ALVES J.M.A.
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine weed interference periods in semi-erect and semi-prostrate cowpea cultivars. Two simultaneous experiments were conducted with the cowpea cultivars BRS Guariba (semi-erect) and BRS Aracê (semi-prostrate). The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications in a 7 × 2 factorial scheme, seven periods × two weed management (control and coexistence). Control and coexistence periods consisted of 0, 0-8, 0-16, 0-24, 0-32, 0-45, and 0-60 days after emergence (DAE) for the semi-erect cultivar and 0, 0-8, 0-16, 0-24, 0-32, 0-45, and 0-64 DAE for the semi-prostrate cultivar. Competition throughout the cycle reduced productivity by up to 39.81% for BRS Guariba and 37.27% for BRS Aracê. The cultivars BRS Guariba and BRS Aracê presented critical period of interference prevention of 9 to 41 DAE and 15 to 32 DAE, respectively. The semi-prostrate cultivar BRS Aracê was more competitive with weeds, requiring a shorter control period to express maximum productivity.
Influência da compactação do solo sobre a produção e o potencial poluidor de lixiviados de resíduos sólidos urbanos
Authors: Naves Leandro Coelho
Published: September 2019

RESUMO No Brasil, a disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) representa um risco ambiental em função da geração de lixiviados com altas cargas contaminantes, mesmo em aterros sanitários. Objetivou-se no presente estudo, em escala experimental, avaliar a influência de diferentes graus de compactação do solo (GC) nas camadas intermediárias e de cobertura final dos RSU, na redução da produção e do potencial poluidor dos lixiviados. Foram coletados RSU em locais previamente selecionados no município de Lavras, Minas Gerais, em função da prevalência da classe social. Esses resíduos foram analisados gravimetricamente e depositados no interior de células experimentais, intercalando camadas de RSU e solo compactado em diferentes GC. Nas células, foram aplicadas lâminas de água, sendo o efluente gerado coletado, quantificado e submetido a análises físico-químicas durante o período de experimentação. Foi observada uma redução média de 35% na produção de lixiviados nas células onde se aplicou GC igual a 100%. O aumento do GC gerou significativos aumentos nas concentrações de alcalinidade, sólidos totais (ST) e sólidos totais voláteis (STV), e significativas reduções nas concentrações de demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) e fósforo (P). Foram observadas reduções de carga próximas aos 57, 35, 59, 42 e 62%, relativas aos parâmetros ST, DQO, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), N-Amoniacal e fósforo (P), respectivamente.
Logística reversa: o estado da arte e perspectivas futuras
Authors: Chaves Gisele de Lorena Diniz , Balista Wagner Cezario , Comper Indiana Caliman
Published: September 2019

RESUMO Este artigo caracteriza o estado da arte na área de logística reversa (LR), verificando as publicações de destaque nas bases de dados ScienceDirect e Web of Science (WoS) por meio das análises bibliométrica e sistêmica. A partir de 462 artigos, os principais periódicos, autores, instituições e países de realização da pesquisa bem como as parcerias de pesquisa foram identificados. Observou-se que as publicações sobre o tema têm aumentado constantemente ao longo dos anos, sendo os Estados Unidos o país com o maior número tanto em publicações quanto em parcerias. Os pesquisadores brasileiros devem buscar parcerias com instituições estrangeiras, pois estas demonstraram o potencial para enriquecer as discussões e fomentar publicações de qualidade. O artigo identificou os principais trabalhos nessa área, assim como as lacunas que podem orientar trabalhos futuros.
Substituição de lâmpadas fluorescentes por light emitting diode (LED) em uma instituição de ensino: preocupação ambiental, energética e econômica
Authors: Rodrigues Siene de Faria , Vazquez Gisele Herbst , Morais Josué da Silva
Published: September 2019

RESUMO As lâmpadas fluorescentes (LFs) podem causar sérios problemas ambientais e à saúde humana. Tal fato se deve à presença de mercúrio em sua constituição e, quando descartadas inadequadamente, podem ocasionar a contaminação do solo, do ar e da água. Já as lâmpadas light emitting diode (LED), além de mais econômicas e com maior vida útil que as fluorescentes, proporcionam maior luminosidade e, ao serem substituídas, não contaminam o meio ambiente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a substituição das LFs pelas lâmpadas LED na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, analisando seu impacto ambiental e a viabilidade econômica e financeira. Concluiu-se que as lâmpadas LED se sobressaem nos aspectos de manutenibilidade, durabilidade, eficiência energética, economia e menores impactos ambientais, podendo ser até duas vezes mais eficientes que as LFs, além de não gerarem resíduos tóxicos. Diante desse cenário, constatou-se a viabilidade econômico-financeira para a substituição das LFs por LED na UFU, pois, considerando-se uma amostra de 1.000 LFs, projetou-se uma economia entre 55,75 e 80,78% ao completar 13 anos e um retorno do montante gasto ao final do primeiro ano. Não obstante, o que mais se destacou nessa experiência foi a importância da substituição do ponto de vista ambiental, por contemplar ações de sustentabilidade, principalmente em uma instituição de ensino.
A PAC Framework for Aggregating Agents’ Judgments
Authors: Zhang Hanrui , Conitzer Vincent
Published: September 2019

Specifying the objective function that an AI system should pursue can be challenging. Especially when the decisions to be made by the system have a moral component, input from multiple stakeholders is often required. We consider approaches that query them about their judgments in individual examples, and then aggregate these judgments into a general policy. We propose a formal learning-theoretic framework for this setting. We then give general results on how to translate classical results from PAC learning into results in our framework. Subsequently, we show that in some settings, better results can be obtained by working directly in our framework. Finally, we discuss how our model can be extended in a variety of ways for future research.
Attacking Data Transforming Learners at Training Time
Authors: Alfeld Scott , Vartanian Ara , Newman-Johnson Lucas , Rubinstein Benjamin I.P.
Published: September 2019

While machine learning systems are known to be vulnerable to data-manipulation attacks at both training and deployment time, little is known about how to adapt attacks when the defender transforms data prior to model estimation. We consider the setting where the defender Bob first transforms the data then learns a model from the result; Alice, the attacker, perturbs Bob’s input data prior to him transforming it. We develop a general-purpose “plug and play” framework for gradient-based attacks based on matrix differentials, focusing on ordinary least-squares linear regression. This allows learning algorithms and data transformations to be paired and composed arbitrarily: attacks can be adapted through the use of the chain rule—analogous to backpropagation on neural network parameters—to compositional learning maps. Bestresponse attacks can be computed through matrix multiplications from a library of attack matrices for transformations and learners. Our treatment of linear regression extends state-ofthe-art attacks at training time, by permitting the attacker to affect both features and targets optimally and simultaneously. We explore several transformations broadly used across machine learning with a driving motivation for our work being autogressive modeling. There, Bob transforms a univariate time series into a matrix of observations and vector of target values which can then be fed into standard learners. Under this learning reduction, a perturbation from Alice to a single value of the time series affects features of several data points along with target values.
Hyperprior Induced Unsupervised Disentanglement of Latent Representations
Authors: Ansari Abdul Fatir , Soh Harold
Published: September 2019

We address the problem of unsupervised disentanglement of latent representations learnt via deep generative models. In contrast to current approaches that operate on the evidence lower bound (ELBO), we argue that statistical independence in the latent space of VAEs can be enforced in a principled hierarchical Bayesian manner. To this effect, we augment the standard VAE with an inverse-Wishart (IW) prior on the covariance matrix of the latent code. By tuning the IW parameters, we are able to encourage (or discourage) independence in the learnt latent dimensions. Extensive experimental results on a range of datasets (2DShapes, 3DChairs, 3DFaces and CelebA) show our approach to outperform the β-VAE and is competitive with the state-of-the-art FactorVAE. Our approach achieves significantly better disentanglement and reconstruction on a new dataset (CorrelatedEllipses) which introduces correlations between the factors of variation.
Adversarial Label Learning
Authors: Arachie Chidubem , Huang Bert
Published: September 2019

We consider the task of training classifiers without labels. We propose a weakly supervised method—adversarial label learning—that trains classifiers to perform well against an adversary that chooses labels for training data. The weak supervision constrains what labels the adversary can choose. The method therefore minimizes an upper bound of the classifier’s error rate using projected primal-dual subgradient descent. Minimizing this bound protects against bias and dependencies in the weak supervision. Experiments on real datasets show that our method can train without labels and outperforms other approaches for weakly supervised learning.
Robust Negative Sampling for Network Embedding
Authors: Armandpour Mohammadreza , Ding Patrick , Huang Jianhua , Hu Xia
Published: September 2019

Many recent network embedding algorithms use negative sampling (NS) to approximate a variant of the computationally expensive Skip-Gram neural network architecture (SGA) objective. In this paper, we provide theoretical arguments that reveal how NS can fail to properly estimate the SGA objective, and why it is not a suitable candidate for the network embedding problem as a distinct objective. We show NS can learn undesirable embeddings, as the result of the “Popular Neighbor Problem.” We use the theory to develop a new method “R-NS” that alleviates the problems of NS by using a more intelligent negative sampling scheme and careful penalization of the embeddings. R-NS is scalable to large-scale networks, and we empirically demonstrate the superiority of R-NS over NS for multi-label classification on a variety of real-world networks including social networks and language networks.
Random Feature Maps for the Itemset Kernel
Authors: Atarashi Kyohei , Maji Subhransu , Oyama Satoshi
Published: September 2019

Although kernel methods efficiently use feature combinations without computing them directly, they do not scale well with the size of the training dataset. Factorization machines (FMs) and related models, on the other hand, enable feature combinations efficiently, but their optimization generally requires solving a non-convex problem. We present random feature maps for the itemset kernel, which uses feature combinations, and includes the ANOVA kernel, the all-subsets kernel, and the standard dot product. Linear models using one of our proposed maps can be used as an alternative to kernel methods and FMs, resulting in better scalability during both training and evaluation. We also present theoretical results for a proposed map, discuss the relationship between factorization machines and linear models using a proposed map for the ANOVA kernel, and relate the proposed feature maps to prior work. Furthermore, we show that the maps can be calculated more efficiently by using a signed circulant matrix projection technique. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of using the proposed maps for real-world datasets..
Enhanced Random Forest Algorithms for Partially Monotone Ordinal Classification
Authors: Bartley Christopher , Liu Wei , Reynolds Mark
Published: September 2019

One of the factors hindering the use of classification models in decision making is that their predictions may contradict expectations. In domains such as finance and medicine, the ability to include knowledge of monotone (nondecreasing) relationships is sought after to increase accuracy and user satisfaction. As one of the most successful classifiers, attempts have been made to do so for Random Forest. Ideally a solution would (a) maximise accuracy; (b) have low complexity and scale well; (c) guarantee global monotonicity; and (d) cater for multi-class. This paper first reviews the state-of-theart from both the literature and statistical libraries, and identifies opportunities for improvement. A new rule-based method is then proposed, with a maximal accuracy variant and a faster approximate variant. Simulated and real datasets are then used to perform the most comprehensive ordinal classification benchmarking in the monotone forest literature. The proposed approaches are shown to reduce the bias induced by monotonisation and thereby improve accuracy.