bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Darktown Follies (Lafayette Theatre, Harlem, 1913)
Authors: Templeton Melissa
Published: September 2018

One of the earliest large-scale musical revues to be created and performed by an all-Black cast, Darktown Follies premiered in 1913 at the Lafayette Theatre in Harlem. Darktown Follies exhibited qualities common to minstrel shows of the period with its episodic musical numbers and large group finale. The plot, however, focussed on a romantic storyline between two Black characters, which was rarely seen in minstrel performances. Darktown Follies introduced dances, like Ballin’ the Jack (which would eventually become a popular dance on Broadway) and the Texas Tommy (a predecessor of the lindy hop) to the New York stage. Darktown Follies helped launch a trend of White artists traveling to Harlem in search of new material for their own productions. The show foreshadowed the development Black musicals like Shuffle Along (1921) and was an important precursor to the artistic renaissance that would define Black modernism in Harlem of the 1920s and 1930s.
Gubaidulina, Sofia Asgatovna (1931--)
Authors: Moody Ivan
Published: September 2018

Sofia Gubaidulina was born in Chistopol in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, of mixed Russian and Tatar parentage. After graduating from Kazan Conservatoire in 1954, she studied in Moscow with Nikolay Peyko and Vissarion Shebalin, winning a Stalin Fellowship. Her unconventional approach to composition, including investigating microtonal tunings, led to her music being viewed with disapprobation by the authorities. She was, however, given encouragement by Shostakovich, and was able to continue experimenting in her film music.

In 1975 she founded the Astreia, an improvisational group using Russian, Caucasian, and Asian folk and ritual instruments, with composers Vyacheslav Artyomov and Viktor Suslin and, like Schnittke and Denisov, absorbed in a highly personal way new compositional techniques being developed in the West, something that contributed to her being blacklisted as one of "Khrennikov’s seven" at the Sixth Congress of the Union of Soviet Composers in 1979. She was nevertheless championed in Russia by a number of performers, including Gidon Kremer, Friedrich Lips, Mark Pekarsky, Valery Popov, and Vladimir Tonkha. Kremer’s performances of the violin concerto Offertorium were one of the contributing factors to Gubaidulina’s increasing success outside the USSR in the 1980s. She was allowed to travel to the West for the first time in 1985, and has lived near Hamburg since 1992.
Hikmet, Nâzım (1902–1963)
Authors: Kismet Bell İpek
Published: September 2018

Nâzım Hikmet (Ran) (b.January 15, 1902, Thessaloniki–d.June 3, 1963, Moscow) was a Turkish poet, playwright, novelist, and screenwriter who spent nearly fifteen years of his life in prison due to his political views. He is considered to be one of the leading figures of twentieth-century world literature and has been compared to such literary figures as Louis Aragon, Bertolt Brecht, and Pablo Neruda. His work, which has been translated into many languages, is imbued with an avant-garde aesthetics, marked by formal experimentation, and informed by Marxist theory. Among his most well-known works are Memleketimden İnsan Manzaraları (Human Landscapes from My Country), which covers the history of the Ottoman Empire/Turkish Republic between 1908 and 1945 in a five-volume literary piece consisting of verse, dramatic sequences, and prose; Şeyh Bedreddin Destanı (The Epic of Sheikh Bedreddin), a highly political and reformist extended prose poem which demonstrates Hikmet’s formal experimentation, and Taranta-Babu’ya Mektuplar (Letters to Taranta-Babu), a narrative poem promoting Hikmet’s antifascist views. The Turkish military began persecuting Hikmet in 1935 for his views found in this poem which led to numerous imprisonments and finally to the revoking of his Turkish citizenship. Hikmet’s Turkish citizenship was restored posthumously in 2009.
Cubism
Authors: Kolokytha Chara , Hammond J.M. , Vlčková Lucie
Published: September 2018

Cubism is an influential modernist art movement that emerged in Paris during the first decade of the twentieth century. The term was established by Parisian art critics, derived from Louis Vauxcelles, and possibly Henri Matisse’s description of Braque’s reductive style in paintings of 1908. Subsequently, it soon became a commonplace term and was widely used to describe the formalist innovations in painting pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque from 1907 to 1914. Cubism signals the break with Renaissance tradition through the rejection of three-dimensional illusionist composition. The dull and monochromatic palette (Picasso, Still Life with a Bottle of Rum, 1911) of early Cubist painting, in addition to its emphasis on geometry, can be alternatively viewed as a reaction against the pure bright colors of the Fauves and the spontaneous color treatment of the Impressionists. Cubist art was largely influenced by the late work of Paul Cézanne and the study of primitive art and, more precisely, African religious masks, statuettes, and artefacts. Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907) and Braque’s Maisons à l’Estaque (1908) are considered to be the first manifestations of proto-Cubist painting.

However, artists such as Fernand Léger (Les fumeurs, 1912), Juan Gris (Grapes, 1913), and Robert Delaunay (Windows, 1912) developed their own distinctive styles, pushing forward the color perspectives, the shifting geometrical elements and the non-objective approach (Léger, Contraste de formes, 1913) of the Cubist synthesis. Alternative Cubist perspectives were also introduced by painters such as Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Henri Le Fauconnier, Roger de La Fresnaye, and André Lhote and sculptors such as Jacques Lipchitz and Henri Laurens. Its influence was not limited to painting and sculpture but extended to architecture, poetry, music, literature, and the applied arts.
Futurism
Authors: Versari Maria Elena , Doak Connor , Evans Adam , Bellow Juliet , Curtin Adrian
Published: September 2018

Futurism emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century as a movement that explicitly conceptualized the process of literary and artistic experimentation as part of a far-reaching, systematic strategy of socio-political involvement and cultural transformation. Deliberately theorizing and enacting a radical association between art and life, it defined itself and was considered by its contemporaries as the first, original model of the historical avant-garde.
Expressionism
Authors: Andrew Nell , Jordan Sharon , Głuchowska Lidia , Poppelreuter Tanja , Conrath Ryan
Published: September 2018

Expressionism was one of the foremost modernist movements to emerge in Europe in the early years of the twentieth-century. It had a profound effect on the visual arts, as well as on music, dance, drama, literature, poetry, and cinema. Rather than depict physical reality, Expressionism developed as a reaction against the prevailing interest in positivism, naturalism, and Impressionism, as artists who were heavily influenced by the work of Edvard Munch and Vincent Van Gogh sought to explore subjective content, finding the visual means to fully evoke or express an emotion, mood, or idea through their artwork.

Expressionism’s theoretical underpinnings reside in Friedrich Nietzsche’s (1844-1900) philosophy and in Wilhelm Worringer’s (1881-1965) Abstraktion und Einfühlung (Abstraction and Empathy, 1908). In expressionist works, emotions and tensions were depicted with the help of symbolic color and lines in the belief that both carry their own innate expressive meaning and have psychological and spiritual effects—a strand of thinking pursued by Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944) in his 1911 book Concerning the Spiritual in Art (Gordon, 1987).
Constructivism
Authors: Fowler Alan , Rosenbaum Roman , Johnson Michael , Fernando Cortés Saavedra David
Published: September 2018

Prior to World War II, Constructivism attracted little interest from British artists apart from the few involved with Circle in 1937. Circle consisted of a publication and accompanying exhibition and was the first comprehensive presentation of constructivist work in London. It was organized jointly by Ben Nicholson (1894–1982), the Russian émigré sculptor Naum Gabo, and the architect Lesley Martin, and was publicized as an international survey of constructive art.
Source regions contributing to excess reactive nitrogen deposition in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) of the United States
Authors: Zhang Rui , Thompson Tammy M. , Barna Michael G. , Hand Jennifer L. , McMurray Jill A. , Bell Michael D. , Malm William C. , Schichtel Bret A.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Research has shown that excess reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition in
the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) of the United States has passed critical
load (CL) thresholds and is adversely affecting sensitive ecosystems in this
area. To better understand the sources causing excess Nr
deposition, the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx), using
Western Air Quality Study (WAQS) emission and meteorology inputs, was used to
simulate Nr deposition in the GYA. CAMx's Particulate Source
Apportionment Technology (PSAT) was employed to estimate contributions from
agriculture (AG), oil and gas (OG), fire (Fire), and other (Other) source
sectors from 27 regions, including the model boundary conditions (BCs) to the
simulated Nr for 2011. The BCs were outside the conterminous United
States and thought to represent international anthropogenic and natural
contributions. Emissions from the AG and Other source sectors are
predominantly from reduced N and oxidized N compounds, respectively. The
model evaluation revealed a systematic underestimation in ammonia (NH3)
concentrations by 65 % and overestimation in nitric acid concentrations
by 108 %. The measured inorganic N wet deposition at National Trends
Network sites in the GYA was overestimated by 31 %–49 %, due at
least partially to an overestimation of precipitation. These uncertainties
appear to result in an overestimation of distant source regions including
California and BCs and an underestimation of closer agricultural source
regions including the Snake River valley. Due to these large uncertainties,
the relative contributions from the modeled sources and their general
patterns are the most reliable results. Source apportionment results showed
that the AG sector was the single largest contributor to the GYA total
Nr deposition, contributing 34 % on an annual basis. A total of
74 % of the AG contributions originated from the Idaho Snake River
valley, with Wyoming, California, and northern Utah contributing another
7 %, 5 %, and 4 %, respectively. Contributions from the OG sector
were small at about 1 % over the GYA, except in the southern Wind River
Mountain Range during winter where they accounted for more than 10 %,
with 46 % of these contributions coming from OG activities in Wyoming.
Wild and prescribed fires contributed 18 % of the total Nr
deposition, with fires within the GYA having the highest impact. The Other
source category was the largest winter contributor (44 %) with high
contributions from California, Wyoming, and northern Utah.
Demonstration of an off-axis parabolic receiver for near-range retrieval of lidar ozone profiles
Authors: Farris Betsy M. , Gronoff Guillaume P. , Carrion William , Knepp Travis , Pippin Margaret , Berkoff Timothy A.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. During the 2017 Ozone Water Land Environmental Transition Study (OWLETS), the Langley Mobile Ozone Lidar system utilized a new small diameter receiver to improve the retrieval of near-surface signals from 0.1 to 1 km in altitude. This new receiver utilizes a single 90 degree fiber-coupled, off-axis parabolic mirror resulting in a compact form that is easy to align. The single reflective surface offers the opportunity to easily expand its use to multiple wavelengths for additional measurement channels such as visible wavelength aerosol measurements. This unique added capability allows for near-field analysis of ozone profile concentrations, enabling the study of near-surface pollution dynamics. Results compare the performance of the receiver to both ozonesonde and in-situ measurements from a UAV platform, validating the performance of the near-surface ozone retrievals.
A broadband cavity-enhanced spectrometer for atmospheric
trace gas measurements and Rayleigh scattering cross sections
in the cyan region (470–540 nm)
Authors: Jordan Nick , Ye Connie Z. , Ghosh Satyaki , Washenfelder Rebecca A. , Brown Steven S. , Osthoff Hans D.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. A cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer (CEAS) for quantification of atmospheric trace gases that absorb in the cyan region of the electromagnetic spectrum (470 to 540 nm), including NO2 and I2, is described. The instrument uses a light-emitting diode coupled to a 1 m optical cavity consisting of a pair of mirrors in stable resonator configuration. Transmitted light is monitored using a grating spectrometer and charge-coupled device array detector. The average mirror reflectivity was determined from the N2/He and Ar/He ratios of scattering coefficients and was ~99.98 % at its maximum, yielding an effective optical path length of 6.3 km. Cross-sections of N2, O2, air, Ar, CO2, and CH4 scattering and of O4 absorption were measured and agree with literature values within the measurement uncertainty. Trace gas mixing ratios were retrieved using the spectral fitting software DOASIS from 480 to 535 nm. Under laboratory conditions, the 60 s, 1σ measurement precisions were ±105 and ±38 pptv for NO2 and I2, respectively. The CEAS sampled ambient air in Ucluelet, BC, in July 2015. CEAS retrievals agreed with independent measurements of NO2 by blue diode laser cavity ring-down spectroscopy (r2 = 0.975), but ambient I2 concentrations were below the detection limit.
Climate, snow, and soil moisture data set for the Tuolumne and Merced River watersheds, California, USA
Authors: Roche James W. , Rice Robert , Meng Xiande , Cayan Daniel R. , Dettinger Michael D. , Alden Douglas , Patel Sarina C. , Mason Megan A. , Conklin Martha H. , Bales Roger C.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We present hourly climate data to force land surface process models and assessments over the Merced and Tuolumne watersheds in the Sierra Nevada, California, for the water year 2010–2014 period. Climate data (38 stations) includes temperature and humidity (23), precipitation (13), solar radiation (8), and wind speed and direction (8) spanning an elevation range of 333 to 2987 m. Each data set contains raw data as obtained from the source (level 0), data that are serially continuous with noise and non-physical points removed (level 1), and, where possible, data that are gap-filled using linear interpolation or regression with a nearby station record (level 2). All stations chosen for this data set were known or documented to be regularly maintained and components checked and calibrated during the period. Additional time-series data included are available snow water equivalent records from automated stations (8) and manual snow courses (22), as well as distributed snow-depth and co-located soil-moisture measurements (2–6) from four locations spanning the rain-to-snow transition zone in the centre of the domain. Spatial data layers pertinent to snowpack modelling in this data set are basin polygons and 100-m resolution rasters of elevation, vegetation type, forest basal area, tree height, and forest canopy cover, transmissivity, and extinction coefficient. All data are available from online data repositories (https://doi.org/10.6071/M3FH3D).
Perspectives and ambitions of interdisciplinary connectivity researchers
Authors: Paton Eva Nora , Smetanová Anna , Krueger Tobias , Parsons Anthony
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The article reviews research perspectives and ambitions of connectivity scientists in order to facilitate and improve joint connectivity research efforts across disciplinary boundaries. The assessment of four very different viewpoints (pragmatic, conceptual, epistemological and ontological) on connectivity signifies the diversity of thought and practice in the connectivity community and calls for a structured way to ensure mutual understanding in collaborative settings. The shared mental model approach is introduced with an exploratory case study as a way to overcome persistent barriers in understanding by identifying gaps and overlaps of individual researchers' perspectives and knowledge that should help improve collaboration in this interdisciplinary environment.
Measuring the wheel-rail forces of a roller coaster
Authors: Simonis Andreas , Schindler Christian
Published: September 2018

Abstract. During a roller coaster ride, the vehicles and their passengers are exposed to multiple times the acceleration of earth's gravity. The corresponding forces must be transmitted by the wheels to the track and the support structure. To validate the load assumptions of static and fatigue analysis, it is necessary to measure these forces. Currently, it is deemed sufficient to measure only the accelerations, providing a limited view of the whole. This article presents a method to measure the actual forces and moments that act on a wheel. Since the diameters of roller coaster wheels are comparatively small (approx. 200 mm) and the loads high (approx. 30 kN), industrially available multi-axis transducers cannot be used. Therefore, a transducer design based on strain gauges was developed and successfully implemented in a roller coaster vehicle. Due to its scalability, its application is not limited to just roller coaster wheels: it can be used for all types of non-driven wheels as well.
Variability in individual particle structure and mixing states between the glacier snowpack and atmosphere interface in the northeast Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Dong Zhiwen , Kang Shichang , Shao Yaping , Ulbrich Sven , Qin Dahe
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Aerosol impurities affect the earth's temperature and climate by altering the radiative properties of the atmosphere. Changes in the composition, morphology structure and mixing states of aerosol components will cause significantly varied radiative forcing in the atmosphere. This work focused on the physicochemical properties of light-absorbing impurities (LAIs) and their variability through deposition from the atmosphere to the glacier/snowpack surface interface based on large-range observation in northeastern Tibetan Plateau and laboratory transmission electron microscope (TEM) and laboratory energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) measurements. The results showed that LAI particle structures changed markedly in the snowpack compared to those in the atmosphere due to black carbon (BC)/organic matter (OM) particle aging and salt-coating condition changes. Considerably more aged BC and OM particles were observed in glacier/snowpack surfaces than in the atmosphere, as the proportion of aged BC and OM varied in all locations by 4 %–16 % and 12 %–25 % in the atmosphere, respectively, whereas they varied by 25 %–36 % and 36 %–48 %, respectively, in the glacier/snowpack surface. Similarly, the salt-coated particle ratio of LAIs in the snowpack is lower than in the atmosphere. Albedo change contribution in the Miaoergou, Yuzhufeng and Qiyi Glaciers is evaluated using the SNICAR model for glacier surface distributed impurities. Due to salt-coating state change, these values decreased by 30.1 %–56.4 % compared to that in the atmosphere. Such great change may cause more strongly enhanced radiative heating than previously thought, suggesting that the warming effect from particle structure and mixing change of glacier/snowpack LAIs may have markedly affected the climate on a global scale in terms of direct forcing in the cryosphere.
Seasonal to decadal variability in ice discharge from the Greenland
Ice Sheet
Authors: King Michalea D. , Howat Ian M. , Jeong Seongsu , Noh Myoung J. , Wouters Bert , Nöel Brice , van den Broeke Michiel R.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Rapid changes in thickness and velocity have been observed at many marine-terminating glaciers in Greenland, impacting the volume of ice they export, or discharge, from the ice sheet. While annual estimates of ice-sheet wide discharge have been previously derived, higher-resolution records are required to fully constrain the temporal response of these glaciers to various climatic and mechanical drivers that vary in sub-annual scales. Here we derive the first continuous, ice-sheet wide record of total ice sheet discharge for the 21st century, resolving a seasonal variability of 6 %. The amplitude of seasonality varies spatially across the ice sheet from 5 % in the southeastern region to 9 % in the northwest region. We analyze seasonal to annual variability in the discharge time series with respect to both modelled meltwater runoff, obtained from RACMO2.3p2, and glacier front position changes over the same period. We find that year-to-year changes in total ice sheet discharge are related to annual front changes (r2 = 0.59, p = 10−4) and that the annual magnitude of discharge is closely related to cumulative front position changes (r2 = 0.79), which show a net retreat of > 400 km, or an average retreat of > 2 km at each surveyed glacier. Neither maximum seasonal runoff or annual runoff totals are correlated to annual discharge, which suggests that larger annual quantities of runoff do not relate to increased annual discharge. Discharge and runoff, however, follow similar patterns of seasonal variability, with near-coincident periods of acceleration and seasonal maxima. These results suggest that changes in glacier front position drive secular trends in discharge, whereas the impact of runoff is likely limited to the summer months when observed seasonal variations are substantially controlled by the timing of meltwater input.
IcePAC – a Probabilistic Tool to Study Sea Ice Spatiotemporal Dynamic: Application to the Hudson Bay area, Northeastern Canada
Authors: Gignac Charles , Bernier Monique , Chokmani Karem
Published: September 2018

Abstract. A reliable knowledge and assessment of the sea ice conditions and their evolution in time is a priority for numerous decision makers in the domains of coastal and offshore management and engineering as well as in commercial navigation. As of today, countless research projects aimed at both modelling and mapping past, actual and future sea ice conditions were realized using sea ice numerical models, statistical models, educated guesses or remote sensing imagery. From these research, reliable information helping to understand sea ice evolution in space and in time are available to stakeholders. However, no research has, as of today, assessed the evolution of the sea ice cover with a frequency modelling approach, by identifying the underlying theoretical distribution describing the sea ice behaviour at a given point in space and time. This project suggests the development of a probabilistic tool, named IcePAC, based on frequency modelling of historical 1978–2015 passive microwave sea ice concentrations maps from EUMETSAT OSI-409 product, to study the sea ice spatiotemporal behaviour in the waters of the Hudson Bay System in Northeastern Canada. Pixel scale models are based on the generalized Beta distribution and generated at a weekly temporal resolution. Results showed coherent with the Canadian Ice Service 1980–2010 Sea Ice Climatic Atlas average freeze-up and meltdown dates for numerous coastal communities in the study area and showed that it is possible to evaluate a range of plausible events, such as the shortest and longest probable ice free season duration, for any given location on the simulation domain. This innovative research opens a path towards various analyses on sea ice dynamics that would gain in informative content and value by relying on the kind of probabilistic information and simulation data available from the IcePAC tool.
Definition differences and internal variability affect the simulated
Arctic sea ice melt season
Authors: Ahlert Abigail , Jahn Alexandra
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Satellite observations show that the Arctic sea ice melt season is getting longer. This lengthening has important implications for the Arctic Ocean's radiation budget, marine ecology and accessibility. Here we assess how passive microwave satellite observations of the melt season can be used for climate model evaluation. By using the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM LE), we evaluate the effect of multiple possible definitions of melt onset, freeze onset and melt season length on comparisons with passive microwave satellite data, while taking into account the impacts of internal variability. We find that within the CESM LE, melt onset shows a higher sensitivity to definition choices than freeze onset, while freeze onset is more greatly impacted by internal variability. The CESM LE accurately simulates that the trend in freeze onset largely drives the observed pan-Arctic trend in melt season length. Under RCP8.5 forcing, the CESM LE projects that freeze onset dates will continue to shift later, leading to a pan-Arctic average melt season length of 7–9 months by the end of the 21st century. However, none of the available model definitions produce trends in the pan-Arctic melt season length as large as seen in passive microwave observations. This suggests a model bias, which might be a factor in the generally underestimated response of sea ice loss to global warming in the CESM LE. Overall, our results show that the choice of model melt season definition is highly dependent on the question posed, and none of the definitions exactly matches the physics underlying the passive microwave observations.
Impact of Service Quality on Students’ Satisfaction in a Ghanaian Public Tertiary Institution
Authors: ESHUN E. F. , Badu A. K. , Korwu P.
Published: September 2018

This study aims at exploring the relationship between service quality dimensions and overall service quality dimensions (tangibility, responsiveness, reliability, assurance and empathy) and students satisfaction. Additionally, this study also looks at the critical factors in service quality dimensions that contribute most to the satisfaction of the students. The data was collected using a set of questionnaire from 798 undergraduate students who offered various bachelor degrees in a public higher education institution in Ghana. The study provides empirical evidences of these relationships. The results of this study affirms the results of Parasuraman’s SERVQUAL (1985) study, which related to the factors contributing to students’ satisfaction. The outcome of the study amplifies the assertion that service quality (tangibility, responsiveness, reliability, assurance and empathy) has a positive impact on student’s overall satisfaction.
Experimental Investigation on machining of Titanium Alloy (Ti 6Al 4V) and Optimization of its Parameters using ANN
Authors: RAJAPARTHIBAN J. , NAVEEN SAIT A.
Published: September 2018

Engineering industries continuously face challenges in maintaining a consistently high product quality in terms of dimensional accuracy and surface finish, sustaining a high production rate, and economical processing of materials by minimizing cutting tool wear, rejections and rework. In this study, turning of Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) has been taken up for optimizing the material removal rate and surface finish, the reason being its wide application in aerospace industry. Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut were assigned as the input variables. Design of experiments based on Taguchi technique and L27 orthogonal array was employed to analyze the experimental data and the predicted values. Analysis of variance was used for identify the input parameter exerting maximum influence on surface finish and MRR. It was observed that the experimental results are in good agreement with the predicted values from DOE and multilayered feed forward Artificial Neural Network employed to predict process responses. The optimal values of the input and output parameters are tabulated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.24.4.20251
Study of Acoustic Emission Signals During Crack Propagation in Multiscale Nano-Composites
Authors: SUBADRA Sharath P. , KEK Tomaž , BERGANT Zoran , GRIŠKEVIČIUS Paulius
Published: September 2018

Polymer composites are gaining wide acceptance in industries for their high in-plane specific stiffness and specific strength. The damage these materials undergo are quite unique, and could limit or even prolong their usage on an even wider scale in critical sectors like the wind industry. De-lamination in laminated composites is a serious issue and could be attributed to de-bonding, matrix cracking and fibre rupture. Factors leading to delamination are weak fibre/matrix interface and brittle nature of the resins. Studies have shown that delamination could be controlled to some extend by altering the internal structure of the composites. Addition of nanotubes (CNTs) is one widely accepted method, for it has been shown that they bridge the crack growth. Six specimens classed into two groups-first without nanotubes (1.n, where DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.24.4.20535
Bearing Degradation Prognosis Using Structural Break Classifier
Authors: HUSSAIN Murtaza , MANSOOR Asif , QURESHI Shafiq ur Rehman , NISAR Salman
Published: September 2018

Prognostics based on machine condition monitoring data are one of the key elements of modern maintenance philosophies.  Machinery health prognosis follows a sequential methodology inclusive of various processes ranging from data acquisition till remaining useful life estimation. Every step depicts distinct statistical features, which are helpful in estimating health state of a machine.  In this investigation, bearing vibration data has been analyzed by utilizing the technique of structural break point regression. Constructed model is also employed to observe degradation of bearing in different regimes to estimate remaining useful life. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.24.4.20740
Two Types of Heuristics in Moral Decision Making
Authors: Nadurak Vitaliy
Published: September 2018

Moral assessment implies ascribing a status of morally wrong, good, etc. (target attribute) to an act. Such an assessment is made on the basis of information about other attributes of the act, including its compliance with the norm, consequences, opinions of others about it, etc. These attributes may be morally relevant (those attributes that an individual could, in the case of rational analysis, recognize as a direct basis for moral assessment) and morally irrelevant (those which would not be recognized in such a status). A comprehensive moral assessment of the target attribute is an assessment based on all morally relevant attributes. A heuristic assessment is based only on a part of morally relevant attributes or based on morally irrelevant attributes. This difference between moral heuristics became the basis for dividing them into two types. Heuristics of the first type implies a simplified assessing of the target attribute based on partial information about morally relevant attributes of an act. The heuristic of the second type operates through a process of attribute substitution when irrelevant attributes are used to assess the target attribute.
The Everyday in Heidegger’s Revolutionary Thought
Authors: Stasiulis Nerijus
Published: September 2018

The article emphasizes the primacy of the everyday in Heidegger’s ecstatic thinking. It assumes the crucial link between practical and ontological aspects of Heideggerian phenomenology and thus also deals with the hermeneutic and political aspects of the Heideggerian stance. The latter is presented as inseparable from (post)modern revolutionary mood as his reconsidering of the concept of essence implies reconsidering the concept of revolution. Links between the meaning of the phenomenological terms of das Man, der Schein, etc. and the Greek thinking of essence are stressed. The Greek inspired phenomenological solution to the guiding practical and hermeneutic issue of our time – that of withdrawal of gods – is presented as the gist of Heideggerian thought.
Características de la economía solidaria colombiana. Aproximaciones a las corrientes influyentes en Colombia
Authors: Davila Ladron de Guevara Miguel Ricardo , Prieto Amanda Vargas , Blanco Lina , Roa Edgar , Caceres Luz Stella , Vargas Luis Alfredo
Published: September 2018

En Colombia, la procedencia teórica y doctrinal para la definición y conceptualización de lo que se entiende por economía solidaria no es muy clara, por esto consideramos la realización de un proyecto de investigación que nos llevará a ello. El primer resultado se presenta en este artículo. El objeto del mismo es presentar la reflexión teórica que nos permitirá tener una guía de análisis para definir la economía solidaria en Colombia. A través de una metodología cualitativa basada en el método de análisis documental y utilizando diferentes técnicas de recolección de información, analizamos dos corrientes demográficas que han tenido incidencia en la definición de la economía solidaria en Colombia. La primera es la corriente latinoamericana y la segunda es la corriente de economía social y solidaria. Finalmente hacemos una revisión del marco normativo para proponer algunos elementos teóricos que son la base de la investigación. Este artículo es la realización del primer objetivo específico del proyecto en mención.
Empresas capitalistas versus cooperativas: Análisis comparado de resultados económicos y financieros para España en 2008-2015
Authors: Atienza Montero Pedro , Rodríguez Pacheco Álvaro
Published: September 2018

El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste, partiendo de las hipótesis establecidas en la literatura, en la realización de un análisis comparativo de ratios financieros relativos a solvencia, liquidez, rentabilidad y la financiación, de las empresas capitalistas respecto a las cooperativas, durante el periodo comprendido entre 2008-2015, en España. Además de una comparación general tomando como referencia a la economía española en su conjunto, es decir, sin distinguir por sectores o tamaños de empresas, también se realiza dicha tarea individualmente por sectores productivos y por tamaños. Asimismo, se persigue contrastar las hipótesis mencionadas. Los resultados muestran una mayor rentabilidad financiera en las capitalistas y con diferencia, tanto desde la perspectiva de la economía en su conjunto, como en cada uno de los cuatro tamaños de empresas y en 6 sectores. La rentabilidad económica, con resultados no ya tan indiscutibles, también es mayor en las empresas convencionales en las pymes y empresas medianas y grandes. En relación a la solvencia, ésta es mayor en las cooperativas, tanto desde una perspectiva general de la economía, como en las microempresas y en cinco sectores, lo cual contraviene la hipótesis establecida. En cuanto a la liquidez las capitalistas alcanzan mayores niveles en la comparación general de la economía y en el sector primario. Sin embargo, ocurre lo contrario para las microempresas y para tres sectores. Por último, en cuanto al endeudamiento, en la comparación general así como en ocho sectores productivos y en las microempresas y pymes, éste es mayor en las empresas capitalistas, no cumpliéndose la hipótesis teórica de partida.
La economía social ante los paradigmas económicos emergentes: innovación social, economía colaborativa, economía circular, responsabilidad social empresarial, economía del bien común, empresa social y economía solidaria
Authors: Chaves Ávila Rafael , Monzón Campos José Luis
Published: September 2018

En los últimos quince años han irrumpido en el escenario político, económico y científico términos como la innovación social, la economía colaborativa, la empresa social, la responsabilidad social empresarial, la ciudadanía corporativa, la economía circular, la economía del bien común, la economía solidaria y las prácticas económicas alternativas. La irrupción de este nuevo léxico se ha hecho patente durante la última crisis y en el contexto de transformación estructural de las economías occidentales. Conforman paradigmas que nacen en el contexto de deslegitimación del modelo económico imperante basado en la empresa maximizadora de beneficios y poniendo en valor la dimensión social.El objeto del presente artículo es analizar estas nociones emergentes y compararlas con el ya consolidado concepto de la economía social. Para ello, en primer lugar y como punto de referencia, se presenta el concepto de economía social, su sentido socioeconómico y epistemológico y sus dimensiones cuantitativas actuales en Europa. En segundo lugar, se estudia cada una de estas nociones emergentes abordando su contenido, su grado de institucionalización académica y social y finalmente el grado de notoriedad alcanzado. En tercer lugar, se realiza una interpretación de la aparición de estas nociones y se ofrece un marco de análisis para su comparación con el concepto de economía social. El artículo finaliza con un apartado de conclusiones.
Experiencia Cooperativa de Mondragón: la educación cooperativa como un proceso de transformación social
Authors: Alcântara Liliane Cristine Schlemer , Sampaio Carlos Alberto Cioce , Zabala Leire Uriarte
Published: September 2018

Este artículo pretende mostrar una propuesta de educación cooperativa potenciadora de la articulación entre prácticas productivas y prácticas educativas, o sea, entre reflexión y acción, como factor potenciador del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje para el desarrollo individual y social. La propuesta parte de una investigación cualitativa – estudio de caso y observación participante – del Modelo de Educación Cooperativa del movimiento cooperativo de Mondragon. La interpretación de los datos se ha llevado a cabo siguiendo la metodología del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo (DSC) con ayuda del software QualiQuantiSoft®. En esta propuesta se vislumbra la educación cooperativa como factor de expresión y realización de los principios de la solidaridad y transformación social para avanzar en los procesos de desarrollo territorial sostenible.
¿Economía alternativa o tecnopolítica? Activismo desde el consumo cooperativo de productos agroecológicos
Authors: Espelt Rodrigo Ricard , Peña-López Ismael , Rodríguez Enrique
Published: September 2018

El cooperativismo agroecológico se configura a través del encuentro de dos corrientes que, a veces, han tenido trayectorias paralelas: el cooperativismo y la agroecología. En cualquier caso, ambos movimientos tienen como elemento común su dimensión política. En el contexto de la era de la Sociedad Red y de la expansión de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), este artículo estudia el vínculo entre los grupos de consumo agroecológico, como instrumento de promoción de una economía alternativa, y los movimientos sociales, como espacio de desarrollo de la tecnopolítica. Por un lado, se evalúa el papel del modelo de toma de decisiones en asamblea -liderazgo horizontal y distribuido-, como parte fundamental del funcionamiento autogestionado. Por otro lado, se estudia la relación entre el compromiso social y político de estas organizaciones y la conexión con los movimientos sociales. El campo de investigación del estudio se centra en los grupos y cooperativas de consumo de la ciudad de Barcelona y su relación con el movimiento 15M acaecido en el año 2011. Los resultados muestran la afinidad ideológica entre las organizaciones y el movimiento que se concreta a través de una participación individual y donde el papel de las TIC es fundamental.
Poesía, política y activismo
Authors: Borra Arturo
Published: September 2018

El ensayo parte del análisis de la novela “Leviatán” de Paul Auster para reconstruir un contrapunto entre dos formas de concebir una práctica literaria crítica, políticamente comprometida, ligada a diferentes presupuestos acerca del autor, el lenguaje y el lector. A partir del análisis de esas concepciones, se formulan algunos interrogantes que permiten elucidar críticamente las implicaciones de cada posición.
Deixis, cuerpo e intemperie: la gramática del nuevo compromiso poético en Erika Martínez
Authors: Mohedano Ruano Javier
Published: September 2018

El vaciamiento semántico de la noción de compromiso literario exige una revisión crítica en momentos en que las relaciones entre poesía y antagonismo vuelven a prestigiarse. Tras un examen sintético de la génesis y canonización del concepto, se propone la lectura del último poemario de Erika Martínez como ejemplo del vínculo fructífero entre cuerpo, paisaje y política. A partir de los conceptos de presencia y territorialización, se defiende la tesis de que la nueva poesía política pasa por la impugnación de la dicotomía sujeto-objeto y por el cultivo de una inteligencia sensitiva que reconecte vida y mundo y permita, desde la crítica y el escepticismo, recobrar las riendas de la historia individual y colectiva. De este modo, el compromiso deja de estar alojado en la conciencia del yo autorial para anidar en el corazón mismo del poema.
Cuerpos, sexualidad e identidad femenina: la poesía de María Sánchez (1989), Luna Miguel (1990) y Elvira Sastre (1992).
Authors: Cánovas Ana
Published: September 2018

Los reclamos del feminismo se asocian a una reflexión acerca del lugar que las mujeres ocupan en las sociedades en que viven, y dejan al descubierto la necesidad de plantearse la manera en que la continua tentativa de dominio de los otros sobre su cuerpo establece una forma de violencia. En contrapartida, servirse de él en tanto que herramienta a través de la cual conducir sus reivindicaciones y exigir una igualdad que está siendo constantemente vulnerada, se dibuja como uno de los procedimientos clave para su emancipación. María Sánchez (1989), Luna Miguel (1990) y Elvira Sastre (1992) son tres conocidas escritoras actuales que conforman tres vías poéticas distintas pero paralelas de nuestro panorama literario, cuyos versos tienen mucho que decir en lo que concierne a su condición de mujeres. A través de ellos se reafirman como ciudadanas, trabajadoras, madres, hijas o amantes e intentan abrirse camino en un contexto que se revela frecuentemente hostil. Las páginas de sus poemarios indagan reiteradamente en aspectos como la sexualidad, la maternidad y la relación con sus cuerpos, construyendo un intento por ratificar su identidad a través de la escritura poética.
Argentina, Estocolmo, Netflix y el síndrome de la identidad perdida
Authors: Bilbija Ksenija
Published: September 2018

Aunque la trama principal de la primera serie policial argentina en Netflix Estocolmo: Identidad perdida (2016) gira alrededor de un referente globalizado—la trata de mujeres-- este thriller noir es una producción cultural del neoliberalismo en como manipula el trauma del pasado dictatorial (1976-1983) a través del uso de los símbolos asociados con la memoria histórica argentina.  Además, a través del prisma del síndrome de Estocolmo, la serie propone que las mujeres disfrutan y son cómplices de su propia opresión.
“La alegre libertad en la catástrofe”: tensiones entre lenguaje y verdad en la poesía española joven (2011-2018)
Authors: López Fernández Álvaro
Published: September 2018

En los últimos años se han publicado en España numerosos poemarios de corte vanguardista, escritos por autores jóvenes, que se caracterizan por su experimentación con el lenguaje. A pesar de ello, la cobertura crítica que han recibido ha sido bastante esporádica, especialmente desde una perspectiva comparada. En compensación, el presente artículo pretende estudiar las afinidades estéticas en torno a la relación entre “lenguaje” y “verdad” que manifiestan varios de ellos. El tratamiento de este tema actualiza, al cabo, debates tan influyentes como la poesía en tanto conocimiento o comunicación que marcaron el devenir literario del pasado siglo, y los adapta a un nuevo registro metatextual. Para este propósito se han seleccionado y analizado textos de Cristian Piné, Ángela Segovia, Unai Velasco, Berta García Faet, Arantxa Romero, Gema Palacios, Álvaro Guijarro, Bibiana Collado, Lucía Boscá o Lola Nieto. Autores todos menores de 35 años, nuevos novísimos para el siglo XXI, vinculados entre sí (pues no se adhieren a ningún grupo o etiqueta colectivos) por su conciencia lingüística y voluntad renovadora.
Antologuemos. Tendencias, inercias y derivas en las últimas antologías poéticas en la España contemporánea
Authors: Molina Gil Raúl
Published: September 2018

La historia de la poesía en las últimas décadas, los procesos de canonización y la lucha por la hegemonía del campo poético han estado en gran medida determinados en España por las propuestas antológicas. Han sido estos compendios los que han señalado las líneas de fuerza y los que han aupado a poéticas y poetas hacia los espacios centrales del panorama poético. No es un juego inocente, pues en él entran en juego numerosos factores ideológicos y, también, mercantiles, que no solo afectan al espacio de la escritura poética, sino a la estructuración de la cultura y de lo socio-político. Desde la crítica, mirar estos espacios se antoja necesario. Más si cabe en un proceso en marcha, como el que implica a los autores nacidos a partir de 1980 y que comenzaron a publicar en el nuevo milenio. Sobre las antologías que han recogido sus composiciones versa este artículo, en un intento de cartografiar un desierto no demasiadas veces transitado.
Lecturas del desierto. Antología y entrevistas sobre poesía actual en España
Authors: López Fernández Álvaro , Martínez Fernández Ángela , Molina Gil Raúl
Published: September 2018

Antología
Synchronization, oscillator death, and frequency modulation in a class of biologically inspired coupled oscillators
Authors: Franci Alessio , Herrera-Valdez Marco A , Lara-Aparicio Miguel , Padilla-Longoria Pablo
Published: September 2018

The general purpose of this paper is to build up on our understanding of the basic mathematical principles that underlie the emergence of synchronous biological rhythms, in particular, the circadian clock. To do so, we study the role that the coupling strength, coupling type, and noise play in the synchronization of a system of coupled, nonlinear oscillators. First, we study a deterministic model based on Van der Pol coupled oscillators, modeling a population of diffusively coupled cells, to find regions in the parameter space for which synchronous oscillations emerge and to provide conditions under which diffusive coupling kills the synchronous oscillation. Second, we study how noise and coupling interact and lead to synchronous oscillations in linearly coupled oscillators, modeling the interaction between various pacemaker populations, each having an endogenous circadian clock. To do so, we use the Fokker-Planck equation associated to the system. We show how coupling can tune the frequency of the emergent synchronous oscillation, which provides a general mechanism to make fast (ultradian) pacemakers slow (circadian) and synchronous via coupling. The basic mechanisms behind the generation of oscillations and the emergence of synchrony that we describe here can be used to guide further studies of coupled

oscillations in biophysical nonlinear models.
Performance, workload, and usability in a multiscreen, multi-device, information-rich environment
Authors: Saleem Jason J. , Weiler Dustin T.
Published: September 2018

Potential benefits of multiscreen and multiple device environments were assessed using three different computing environments. A single factor, within-subject study was conducted with 18 engineering students in a laboratory experiment. Three levels for the computing environment factor included one with a desktop computer with a single monitor (control, condition A); one with a desktop with dual monitors, as well as a single tablet computer (condition B); and one with a desktop with a single monitor, as well as two tablet computers (condition C). There was no statistically significant difference in efficiency or workload when completing scenarios for the three computing environments. However, a dual monitor desktop with a single tablet computer (B) was the ideal computing environment for the information-rich engineering problem given to participants, supported by significantly fewer errors compared to condition C and significantly higher usability ratings compared to conditions A and C. A single desktop monitor with two tablet computers (C) did not provide any advantage compared to a single desktop monitor (A).