bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Knowledge Among Physicians in the Pediatrics Department of an Urban Tertiary Referral Hospital in Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Dinberu Muluwork Tefera , Yemane Dagmawi Hailu
Published: October 2024

Background: Early recognition of cardiac arrest and prompt start of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) boost survival rates and reduce postarrest consequences. Little information is available about the fundamental CPR knowledge of healthcare workers who work with children in Ethiopia.

Methods: All physicians, regardless of seniority, participated in this cross‐sectional survey from June to August 2022. They received a structured survey that was modified from the American Heart Association (AHA) Basic Life Support (BLS) test which was made up of 10 questions about participants’ job experience and 25 multiple‐choice CPR knowledge questions. Data analysis was done using a multinomial logistic regression test with a p value of 0.05.

Result: One hundred sixty‐eight doctors with various levels of seniority participated in this study. The participants included a male‐to‐female ratio of 1.3:1, a median age of 28 years, 92 (57.9%) male participants, and 124 (78%) participants with less than 5 years of clinical experience. Ninety‐seven participants, or 61%, had scored less than 75% whereas 13 (8.2%), participants, had good knowledge that is scoring above 75%. Participants who had training in CPR within the previous year showed significantly higher levels of knowledge than those who hadn’t. Even though 90% of the participants claimed to have CPR knowledge, the majority of participants were found not to have below 75%.

Conclusion: The study concludes that while many doctors believe they have adequate CPR knowledge, actual knowledge levels are insufficient. Staff should undergo regular certification and assessments to ensure they retain their resuscitation knowledge. This ongoing evaluation is crucial for maintaining high standards of care and preparedness in emergencies.
Distribution of 226Ra and 210Po Radionuclides in Different Phases of Soil and Estimation of Their Annual Change Rates for Some Agricultural Soils
Authors: Nguyen Van Thang , Le Cong Hao
Published: October 2024

Human activities, such as plant cultivation, enhance the activity concentrations (ACs) of radionuclides in the topsoil and have the potential to affect humans and the environment. The soil with a high radiation background not only acts as a source of continuous radiation exposure to humans but also as a medium of migration for the transfer of radionuclides to food crops. Some spectrometers can measure the AC of radionuclides in the soil, but long‐term variation of AC is difficult to investigate. Therefore, developing methods for predicting the AC of radionuclides in agricultural soil is an interesting topic that many studies have focused on. In this work, a simple method was introduced to estimate long‐term changes of some radioisotopes in the top layer of soil (0–20 cm). The estimation considered four major processes: fertilization, irrigation, vertical leaching, and plant uptake. The leaching rates () of radionuclides were predicted by their ACs in the soil water and the infiltration rate of water in the soil. The method was applied to the soils of five study fields in southern Vietnam, and the values of 226Ra were between 7.4 Bq·m−2·y−1 and 60 Bq·m−2·y−1, while the rates of 210Po were between 22.1 and 111 Bq·m−2·y−1. For long‐term assessment, it was found that 226Ra increases in sweat potato soil and tomato soil with annual rates (ΔC) of 0.99 Bq·kg−1·y−1 and 0.69 Bq·kg−1·y−1, respectively. The AC of 210Po was predicted to increase in some soils. The corresponding ΔC values for 210Po were 0.028 Bq·kg−1·y−1 in rice, 0.617 Bq·kg−1·y−1 sweet potato, and 0.099 Bq·kg−1·y−1 in tomato soils. The results imply that interventions are necessary to reduce the radioactivity accumulation in fields with high ΔC values. The effective methods can be changing the fertilizer types and the irrigation systems.
Table 2 from Causality between Telomere Length and the Risk of Hematologic Malignancies: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Jiang Guoyun , Cao LingXiao , Wang Yunshan , Li Li , Wang Zie , Zhao Hui , Qiu Yang , Feng Bin
Published: October 2024

The forward MR analysis on TL and the classification NHL
Supplemental Table 3 from Causality between Telomere Length and the Risk of Hematologic Malignancies: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Jiang Guoyun , Cao LingXiao , Wang Yunshan , Li Li , Wang Zie , Zhao Hui , Qiu Yang , Feng Bin
Published: October 2024

Supplemental Table 3. The reverse MR analysis on telomere length and the classification non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Supplemental Figure 8 from Causality between Telomere Length and the Risk of Hematologic Malignancies: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Jiang Guoyun , Cao LingXiao , Wang Yunshan , Li Li , Wang Zie , Zhao Hui , Qiu Yang , Feng Bin
Published: October 2024

Supplemental Figure 8. Funnel plot for TL displays the estimation obtained through the utilization of the inverse of the standard error of the causal estimate, with each individual SNP serving as a tool.
Supplemental Figure 4 from Causality between Telomere Length and the Risk of Hematologic Malignancies: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Jiang Guoyun , Cao LingXiao , Wang Yunshan , Li Li , Wang Zie , Zhao Hui , Qiu Yang , Feng Bin
Published: October 2024

Supplemental Figure 4. Scatter plot of single nucleotide polymorphism potential effects on hematopoietic malignancies and TL.
Supplemental Figure 3 from Causality between Telomere Length and the Risk of Hematologic Malignancies: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Jiang Guoyun , Cao LingXiao , Wang Yunshan , Li Li , Wang Zie , Zhao Hui , Qiu Yang , Feng Bin
Published: October 2024

Supplemental Figure 3. Funnel plot for TL displays the estimation obtained through the utilization of the inverse of the standard error of the causal estimate, with each individual SNP serving as a tool.
Figure 2 from Causality between Telomere Length and the Risk of Hematologic Malignancies: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Jiang Guoyun , Cao LingXiao , Wang Yunshan , Li Li , Wang Zie , Zhao Hui , Qiu Yang , Feng Bin
Published: October 2024

Forest plots showing the forward and reverse causal associations between TL and hematopoietic malignancies. The dots in this forest plot show the value of OR, and the horizontal lines demonstrate the range of 95% CI. A, Causal association between TL and different types of hematopoietic malignancies. B, Reverse causal association between TL and different types of hematopoietic malignancies. C, Causal association between TL and different types of NHL. D, Reverse causal association between TL and different types of NHL.
Data from Causality between Telomere Length and the Risk of Hematologic Malignancies: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Jiang Guoyun , Cao LingXiao , Wang Yunshan , Li Li , Wang Zie , Zhao Hui , Qiu Yang , Feng Bin
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Growing evidence indicates a relationship between telomere length (TL) and the stage, prognosis, and treatment responsiveness of hematopoietic malignancies. However, the relationship between TL and the risk of hematologic malignancies remains unclear, considering the vulnerability of observational studies to potential confounding and reverse causation. A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted utilizing publicly available genome-wide association study data to assess whether TL was causally associated with the risk of hematologic malignancies. The inverse variance weighted approach was used as the primary assessment approach to evaluate the effects of the causes, augmented by the weighted median and MR-Egger methods. Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier test, and leave-one-out analysis were performed to evaluate sensitivity, heterogeneity, and pleiotropy. According to forward MR estimations, longer TL was related to an increased risk of acute lymphocytic leukemia (OR = 2.690; P = 0.041), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (OR = 2.155; P = 0.005), multiple myeloma (OR = 1.845; P = 0.024), Hodgkin lymphoma (OR = 1.697; P = 0.014), and non–Hodgkin lymphoma (OR = 1.737; P = 0.009). Specific types of non–Hodgkin lymphoma were also associated with TL. The reverse MR results revealed that hematologic malignancies had no effect on TL. This MR analysis revealed an association between longer TL and an increased risk of specific hematologic malignancies, indicating a potential role of TL in risk evaluation and management in hematologic malignancies.
Significance:
In contrast to observational studies, this study uncovered the reliable causal relationships between TL and hematologic malignancies, emphasizing the potential role of telomeres in tumor development. TL maintenance may offer a promising strategy to reduce the risk of hematologic malignancies.
Barriers in Translating Existing Nutrigenetics Insights to Precision Nutrition for Cardiometabolic Health in Ethnically Diverse Populations
Authors: Wuni Ramatu , Vimaleswaran Karani Santhanakrishnan
Published: October 2024

Background: Cardiometabolic diseases pose a significant threat to global public health, with a substantial majority of cardiovascular disease mortality (more than three-quarters) occurring in low- and middle-income countries. There have been remarkable advances in recent years in identifying genetic variants that alter disease susceptibility by interacting with dietary factors. Despite the remarkable progress, several factors need to be considered before the translation of nutrigenetics insights to personalised and precision nutrition in ethnically diverse populations. Some of these factors include variations in genetic predispositions, cultural and lifestyle factors as well as socio-economic factors. Summary: This review aimed to explore the factors that need to be considered in bridging the gap between existing nutrigenetics insights and the implementation of personalised and precision nutrition across diverse ethnicities. Several factors might influence variations among individuals with regard to dietary exposures and metabolic responses, and these include genetic diversity, cultural and lifestyle factors as well as socio-economic factors. A multi-omics approach involving disciplines such as metabolomics, epigenetics, and the gut microbiome might contribute to improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of gene-diet interactions and the implementation of precision nutrition although more research is needed to confirm the practicality and effectiveness of this approach. Conducting gene-diet interaction studies in diverse populations is essential and studies utilising large sample sizes are required as this improves the power to detect interactions with minimal effect sizes. Future studies should focus on replicating initial findings to enhance reliability and promote comparison across studies. Once findings have been replicated in independent samples, dietary intervention studies will be required to further strengthen the evidence and facilitate their application in clinical practice. Key Messages: Nutrigenetics has a potential role to play in the prevention and management of cardiometabolic diseases. Conducting gene-diet interaction studies in diverse populations is essential giving the genetic diversity and variations in dietary patterns. Integrating data from disciplines such as metabolomics, epigenetics, and the gut microbiome could help in early identification of individuals at risk of cardiometabolic diseases as well as the implementation of precise dietary interventions for preventing and managing cardiometabolic diseases.
Prefácio
Authors: Del Lama Eliane Aparecida , Garcia Maria da Glória Motta
Published: October 2024

Preface for this special issue of Geologia USP. Serie Cientifica, which refers to papers presented at the VI Symposium Brazilian Geological Heritage (SBPG).
A review of the types of some Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae, Otostigminae) of the Andes mountain range
Authors: CHAGAS-JR AMAZONAS , SOUZA EMERSON MARQUES
Published: October 2024

Some species of the subgenus Parotostigmus Pocock, 1895 from South America are revised. Previously, 20 species and two subspecies of Parotostigmus were considered to be distributed throughout the Andes from Venezuela to Argentina, but after this study, thirteen species and one subspecies remain valid. Twelve types were examined (O. insignis Kraepelin, 1903, O. muticus Karsch, 1888, O. pococki Kraepelin, 1903, O. silvestrii Kraepelin, 1903, O. lavanus Chamberlin, 1957, O. mesethus Chamberlin, 1957, O. leior Chamberlin, 1955, O. parvior Chamberlin, 1957, O. volcanus Chamberlin, 1955, O. calcanus Chamberlin, 1944, O. amazonae Chamberlin, 1914 and O. bürgeri monsonus Chamberlin, 1957). O. lavanus syn. nov. is a junior synonym of O. insignis; O. parvior syn. nov. is a synonym of O. mesethus; O. amazonae syn. nov. and O. calcanus syn. nov. are synonyms of O. muticus, O. volcanus syn. nov. is a synonym of O. leior; and O. bürgeri monsonus syn. nov. is a synonym of Rhysida celeris (Humbert & Saussure, 1870). A lectotype and a paralectotype are here designated to O. mesethus. Two species, O. scabricauda (Humbert & Saussure, 1870) and O. rex Chamberlin, 1914, previously reported from Colombia, Peru and Brazil, were excluded from the Andean region.
Prediction of catchment efficiency in direct energy deposition using dimensional analysis and machine learning
Authors: Peter Reginald Elvis , Kumaraguru Senthilkumaran
Published: October 2024

Direct Energy Deposition (DED) is an additive manufacturing process used to fabricate thin/thick-walled structures and high-value component restorations. As blown powder-based DED gains prominence, catchment efficiency becomes imperative for enhancing material utilization and process effectiveness. This study focuses on predicting catchment efficiency within a DED process by investigating four significant process parameters: laser power, powder feed rate, carrier gas flow rate, and deposition speed. The primary objective is to devise a dimensionless number capable of predicting catchment efficiency based on a combination of these parameters, categorizing efficiency into low, medium, and high regions. This approach reduces the need for resource-intensive experimentation. The experimental validation of the proposed dimensionless number was conducted, showing an error rate of around 8%. Additionally, six machine learning classifier algorithms – Support Vector Machines, K-Nearest Neighbours, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Linear Regression, and Gaussian Naive Bayes – were employed to categorize catchment efficiency zones. Support Vector Machine demonstrated the best performance with a predictive accuracy of 0.98. This study provides a methodology for catchment efficiency prediction, enhancing decision-making and resource optimization, and can be used to optimize process parameters for thin-wall or relatively thin-wall fabrication.
Model-based and model-free position control of a servo pneumatic system in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances
Authors: Tootchi Amirreza , Chaibakhsh Ali
Published: October 2024

Trajectory tracking in electro-pneumatic systems poses a significant challenge due to the nonlinearity of their dynamics. This research aims to analyze the performance of various types of controllers for a laboratory-scale pneumatic system in terms of energy consumption and control efforts. By considering the mathematical relationships among system components, a precise gray-box mathematical model is developed based on experimental data. Subsequently, different linear model-free and nonlinear model-based controllers, is designed and their performances are compared by measuring tracking error, control effort, maximum overshoot, settling time, robustness against disturbances, and energy efficiency in the presence of severe disturbances. The effectiveness of these control methods is assessed through experimental tests and compared.
Longing for a Broken Politics to Be Healed: A Book Symposium of Michael Wear’s The Spirit of Our Politics
Authors: Wear Michael , Hunter Todd , Bennett Kyle David , Schiess Kaitlyn , McDonald Chine
Published: October 2024

Michael's Wear's 2024 book, The Spirit of Our Politics, inaugurates a unique and meaty symposium in the JSFSC that focuses on practical theologies of spiritual formation issues of public life. Wear's book delivers a discerning application of Dallas Willard's perspective to areas of political life. Symposium contributors include Michael Wear, Todd Hunter, Kyle David Bennet, Kaitlyn Schiess, and Chine McDonald. Guest Editor Joseph E. Gorra introduces the symposium, offers context on Wear, his book, and a call for further contributions in his Afterword. After Wear's book précis, Hunter, Bennett, and Schiess weave important themes of pneumatology, family spirituality, and ecclesiology as practitioner factors shaping the vitality of a Christian spiritual formation of public life. McDonald underscores the importance of incarnation, imagination, and invitation when leading institutions of public life. All contributors underscore how spiritual formation is central to civic renewal. Michael Wear's response integrates important themes among the papers, underscoring that Christian spiritual formation does not take place in isolation from actual contexts of public life.
Short videos, big impact: How Chinese youth perceive and engage with news on short video platforms
Authors: Lei Yuruo , Meng Xingyuan , Huang Xiaohan , Li Jingjing , Jiang Yifei , Yu Yuening , Literat Ioana
Published: October 2024

In the contemporary media landscape in China, short video platforms (SVP) have emerged as significant news sources, especially among young audiences. Anchored in an understanding of news literacy as situated knowledge, this study investigates how Chinese youth (aged 13–18) perceive and engage with news content on these platforms. Based on qualitative interviews with 30 middle and high school students across five provinces in China, we found that 1) participants wanted short video news to be objective and straightforward, and felt that the affordances of short video platforms detract from these values; 2) they reported using news literacy skills when consuming short video news, but the strategies they shared were problematic; and 3) they were reluctant to engage with news content online and preferred to discuss it offline with people they trust. This study sheds light on the complex and often contradictory news consumption engagement and practices among Chinese youth on SVPs.
Opportunities of Care at What Cost: Findings from a Qualitative Study Exploring Care Leavers Experiences of Residential Care Homes for Children in Thailand
Authors: Askew Heather , Rogers Justin
Published: October 2024

The social problem of children’s homes in Thailand is a complicated one to address. Much of the research on this topic specific to Southeast Asia is relatively new, with many relevant articles published in the past 10 years. For over 80 years, research mainly from Eastern Europe has widely acknowledged the severe long-term cognitive, emotional and developmental effects on children raised in institutional care. However, to date, there has been very little published qualitative research addressing the lived experiences of Thai children growing up in children’s homes from the perspective of the care leavers themselves. This article seeks to learn more about the experiences and perspectives of those who spent their childhoods in institutional care and how they compare with international research on this topic. The results show complicated feelings towards their time in care, with the majority stating that despite the negative aspects, they would still choose a children’s home for themselves over staying in a village without access to secondary school. However, they unanimously expressed that they would not choose the same path for their own children.
Associations of HIV and prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus in the context of obesity in South Africa
Authors: Magodoro Itai M , Castle Alison C , Tshuma Ndumiso , Goedecke Julia H , Sewpaul Ronel , Manasa Justen , Manne-Goehler Jennifer , Ntusi Ntobeko AB , Nyirenda Moffat J , Siedner Mark J
Published: October 2024

Background

It is unclear how rising obesity among people with HIV (PWH) impacts their risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes). We examined associations between HIV, prevalent diabetes and adiposity among South African PWH and their peers without HIV (PWOH).

Methods

HIV status was ascertained by antibody testing. Diabetes was defined as current use of oral hypoglycemics, insulin, and/or HbA1c ≥6.5%. Adiposity was measured by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio. Their associations were examined using sex-stratified multivariable fractional polynomial generalized linear models, reporting adjusted prevalence and prevalence ratios (adjPR).

Results

The mean age among 1,254 PWH and 4,381 PWOH was 41 years (95%CI 28, 56). The prevalence of diabetes among males was similar between PWH [11.3% (7.1, 15.5)] and PWOH [9.8% (8.5, 11.1); p=0.740]. By contrast, diabetes prevalence was higher among female PWOH [15.7% (14.4, 17.0)] than female PWH [10.5 (8.3, 12.8)%; adjPR: 0.67 (0.51, 0.82); p<0.001]. This difference was accentuated with obesity but reversed with leanness. At BMI ≥25 kg/m2, female PWH had lower diabetes prevalence [adjPR: 0.58 (0.41, 0.76); p<0.001] than female PHIV. In contrast, at BMI <18 kg/m2, female PWH had higher prevalence [adjPR: 1.72 (−1.53, 4.96); p=0.756] than female PWOH.

Conclusion

We found sex-specific differences in the relationship between adiposity and diabetes prevalence by HIV serostatus in South Africa. Notably, females living with obesity and HIV had lower prevalence of diabetes than females living with obesity and without HIV, which may have particular implications for diabetes prevention programs in the region.
The relationship between teamwork and moral distress among NICU nurses
Authors: Alipour Zeinab , Nobahar Monir , Ghorbani Raheb , Jahan Elahe
Published: October 2024

Background

In the demanding environment of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), quality nursing care hinges on effective teamwork and communication among nurses. However, this requirement for close cooperation can expose nurses to significant levels of moral distress. This study aims to explore the connection between the quality of teamwork and the experience of moral distress among NICU nurses.

Methods

Employing a cross-sectional, multicenter descriptive correlational design, this study surveyed female NICU nurses across the cities of Khorramabad and Semnan. Census sampling was utilized over five months, from July to November 2023, resulting in the participation of 190 nurses. Tools for data collection included demographic questionnaires, the Team-STEPPS Teamwork Perception Questionnaire (T-TPQ), and the Moral Distress Scale-Revised (MDS-R) for nurses.

Results

The findings revealed an average teamwork score of 3.73 ± 0.78, denoting an acceptable level, and an average moral distress score of 91.2 ± 56.7, indicating a low level. In multiple linear regression, marital status showed a direct positive correlation (β = 38.5, SE (β) = 9.3, p < 0.001), while the number of children (β = -14.6, SE (β) = 4.9, p = 0.003) and the teamwork score (β = -1.1, SE (β) = 0.12, p < 0.001) were inversely correlated with moral distress.

Conclusion

The study’s results suggest that stronger teamwork among nurses correlates with reduced moral distress. Enhancing teamwork within NICUs could lead to policy development focused on the safety and quality of newborn care, also potentially alleviating moral distress experienced by nurses.
Methods to optimize optical sensing of biotic plant stress – combined effects of hyperspectral imaging at night and spatial binning
Authors: Nansen Christian , Savi Patrice J. , Mantri Anil
Published: October 2024

In spatio-temporal plant monitoring, optical sensing (including hyperspectral imaging), is being deployed to, non-invasively, detect and diagnose plant responses to abiotic and biotic stressors. Early and accurate detection and diagnosis of stressors are key objectives. Level of radiometric repeatability of optical sensing data and ability to accurately detect and diagnose biotic stress are inversely correlated. Accordingly, it may be argued that one of the most significant frontiers and challenges regarding widespread adoption of optical sensing in plant research and crop production hinges on methods to maximize radiometric repeatability. In this study, we acquired hyperspectral optical sensing data at noon and midnight from soybean (Glycine max) and coleus wizard velvet red (Solenostemon scutellarioides) plants with/without experimentally infestation of two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae). We addressed three questions related to optimization of radiometric repeatability: (1) are reflectance-based plant responses affected by time of optical sensing? (2) if so, are plant responses to two-spotted spider mite infestations (biotic stressor) more pronounced at midnight versus at noon? (3) Is detection of biotic stress enhanced by spatial binning (smoothing) of hyperspectral imaging data? Results from this study provide insight into calculations of radiometric repeatability. Results strongly support claims that acquisition of optical sensing data to detect and characterize stress responses by plants to detect biotic stressors should be performed at night. Moreover, the combination of midnight imaging and spatial binning increased classification accuracies with 29% and 31% for soybean and coleus, respectively. Practical implications of these findings are discussed. Study results are relevant to virtually all applications of optical sensing to detect and diagnose abiotic and biotic stress responses by plants in both controlled environments and in outdoor crop production systems.
Gastric metastasis from renal cell carcinoma with submucosal invasion treated by surgical full-thickness resection: a case report
Authors: Magara Nanako , Takahashi Naoto , Takano Yuta , Takeshita Kenji , Toya Naoki , Yano Fumiaki , Eto Ken
Published: October 2024

Background

Metastatic gastric tumors are rare and malignant melanoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and esophageal cancer are common as primary lesions. On the other hand, renal cell carcinoma is easy to metastasize hematogenously to the whole body. However, metastasis to the stomach is rare and the detailed treatment of gastric metastasis is not mentioned. In this study, we report an uncommon case of gastric metastasis from renal cell carcinoma that underwent surgical full-thickness resection and reviewed the literature for treatment options.

Case presentation

The patient was a female in her 60s and in January 2007, she underwent a transabdominal left nephrectomy for clear cell carcinoma of the left kidney. The pathological diagnosis was pT2N0M0 stage II. In October 2017, a total pancreatectomy with D2 dissection was performed for multiple pancreatic masses, in which the pathological diagnosis was pancreatic metastasis of renal cell cancer. In May 2019, an esophagogastroduodenoscopy for heartburn revealed redness and erosion in the greater curvature of the residual gastric body. The pathological diagnosis was gastric metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. No metastatic findings were observed and gastric wedge resection was performed. Pathological diagnosis of the resected specimen showed a 4-mm tumor, mainly within the mucosa and partly extended to the submucosal layer in 500 µm. The resected specimen had a clear resection margin.

Conclusions

In this study, we report a case in which a full-thickness resection was performed for gastric metastasis 12 years after renal cancer surgery and 2 years after pancreatic metastasis surgery. The patient survived 4 years and 8 months after gastric wedge resection. Although gastric metastasis often takes the form of submucosal tumors, it is necessary to select full-thickness resection for R0 resection, even in small and flat lesions.
Iron status in children with acute COVID-19 and paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome during infection and after recovery
Authors: El-Meshad Mai S. , Alwakeel Angi Adel , El-Farahaty Reham M. , Nada Hyam Sameh , Zeid Mayada S.
Published: October 2024

Background

COVID-19 has significant effects on organ function, particularly on lung function and iron metabolism. Studies have shown increased levels of ferritin, an iron storage protein, in COVID-19 patients, indicating potential changes in iron utilization. Research has focused primarily on adults, with limited studies on paediatric patients and a lack of comparisons with MIS-C patients. This study aimed to assess iron status in paediatric COVID-19 patients using traditional and new biomarkers, soluble transferrin receptors (sTfR) and Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He), to improve diagnosis and prognosis. Additionally, we sought to compare iron status between acute COVID-19 patients and MIS-C patients and evaluate the relationships among iron dysmetabolism, disease severity, and prognosis in paediatric patients. The study also involved monitoring iron status during and after infection to understand its impact on patient severity and prognosis.

Methods

A cohort study involving 49 patients aged 1 month to 18 years was conducted at the isolation department of Mansoura University Children's Hospital. The study included 36 patients with acute COVID-19 and 13 with multisystem inflammatory syndrome of childhood (MIS-C). Diagnosis was based on PCR from a deep nasopharyngeal swab or a positive antibody test. Follow-up of survivors was conducted 3 months after recovery. Blood samples were obtained during infection and at follow-up for CBC, Ret-He, iron kinetics, and sTfR analyses.

Results

Significant iron deficiency anaemia was observed in all patients during infection, with improvement after 3 months of recovery in survivors. The improvement was more obvious in MIS-C patients, with Hb and iron kinetics not significantly affected by disease severity. The STfR was significantly lower in nonsurvivors than in survivors. The ROC curve showed that a baseline sTfR ≤ 18 nmol/L was a statistically significant difference between nonsurvivors and survivors (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.810, p < .001), with 66.7% sensitivity and 82.5% specificity. Regression analysis revealed that patients with baseline sTfRs ≤ 18 nmol/L were 5.9 times more susceptible to death.

Conclusion

This study revealed that COVID-19 in children caused iron deficiency anaemia, which improved within 3 months after recovery. Haemoglobin and sTfRs were identified as reliable indicators of IDA in these patients, unlike iron kinetics and RET-He.
Organizacja bezpieczeństwa granic w I Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Wawrzusiszyn Andrzej
Published: October 2024

Wraz z rozwojem osadnictwa wytyczano granice, a umacnianie porządku władzy plemiennej pozwalało powiększać zajmowane tereny oraz skuteczniej nimi zarządzać. Pierwsze granice były granicami naturalnymi i przebiegały wzdłuż rzek, szczytów górskich, lasów, wybrzeży mórz itp. Granica stanowiła pas przejściowy znajdujący się na krańcach władztwa poszczególnych plemion czy włodarzy. Z upływem czasu granice chroniono nie tylko dzięki naturalnym przeszkodom, ale budowano systemy obronne w postaci grodów, wałów ziemnych, zasieków i innych umocnień.
Celem rozważań jest organizacja zabezpieczenia granic państwa polskiego w okresie I Rzeczypospolitej wobec zmian zachodzących w środowisku bezpieczeństwa zewnętrznego i wewnętrznego. W aspekcie metodologicznym wykorzystana została metoda historyczna i komparatystyczna w oparciu o analizę materiałów źródłowych i literaturę przedmiotu. Wynikiem powyższego jest stwierdzenie, że granice I Rzeczypospolitej formowały się różnie i podlegały znacznym zmianom, zapewniając bezpieczeństwo państwu i jego obywatelom na zróżnicowanym poziomie.
Zakład Karny w Rawiczu do roku 1989
Authors: Wódczyński Piotr
Published: October 2024

Przedmiotem analizy jest ewolucja zmian, jakie zaszły przez 170 lat w Zakładzie Karnym w Rawiczu. Dwa najważniejsze cele pracy to: identyfikacja najważniejszych zmian, jakie dokonały się w funkcjonowaniu Zakładu Karnego w Rawiczu, oraz ocena funkcjonalności tych zmian względem postępów w zakresie realizacji wybranych zadań. Z racji określonej specyfiki oraz skupienia się na konkretnym odcinku czasowym niniejszy artykuł oscyluje w granicach czasowych od powstania Zakładu Karnego w Rawiczu w roku 1819 do 1989 roku, kończącego w Polsce okres rządów komunistycznych. Zmiany, jakie nastąpiły w ZK w Rawiczu, miały związek z dostosowywaniem owej jednostki do bieżących potrzeb elit rządzących. W dużej mierze skupiały się one na przemianach infrastrukturalnych względem danej grupy docelowej (np. więźniów politycznych) oraz były naturalnie powiązane z prawem stanowionym przez organy rządowe, co przyczyniało się do rozwoju jednostki w określonym kierunku. Wskazane zmiany oraz aktualne na tamte czasy prawodawstwo danego zaborcy przyczyniły się niewątpliwie do rozwoju placówki oraz sprawniejszego (w kontekście aktualnych dla tamtych czasów realiów) jej funkcjonowania.
Beyond Pain: Innovative Approaches to Tension-Type Headache Management and Treatment
Authors: Wójcik Jakub , Błaszczak Ewa , Dydyk Martyna , Małachowski Aleksander , Malinowski Piotr , Kopczyńska Urszula , Kopczyński Cezary , Gurdak Kinga , Dyrek Martyna , Partyka Aleksandra
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Tension-type headache (TTH) is a common neurological disorder characterized by bilateral head pain and muscle tension, affecting up to 78% of the population. Despite its prevalence, TTH has historically received less attention than migraines. However, recent years have seen increased interest in understanding its pathophysiology and treatment options. This review comprehensively analyzes TTH management, covering non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches to guide clinical practice and future research effectively.
State of Knowledge: TTHs manifest as bilateral, pressing, encircling head pain, profoundly affecting individuals' quality of life. Recent years have witnessed increased interest in TTH understanding and treatment. Non-pharmacological interventions, including behavioral modifications, exercise, dietary adjustments, sleep hygiene, physical therapy, psychotherapy, and pharmacological treatments like over-the-counter medications, prophylactic drugs, psychedelics, and botulinum toxin A, have shown promise in alleviating symptoms.
Conclusion: This review highlights the multifaceted management of TTH. Non-pharmacological interventions, including behavioral modifications and psychotherapy, offer symptom relief. Body awareness therapy, exercise, and psychotherapy benefit TTH symptoms and quality of life. Paracetamol, ibuprofen, and amitriptyline are standard treatments, with emerging options like psychedelics and botulinum toxin A. Personalizing treatment and understanding TTH mechanisms pose challenges. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for enhancing management and outcomes. More research is required to identify optimal treatments and long-term efficacy. Despite challenges, progress in TTH management brings hope for better patient care.
Management of Rotator Cuff Injuries: Surgical Repair vs. Conservative Treatment
Authors: Szalajska Julia , Czyżewski Filip , Wiak Iga , Wojtach Klaudia , Banyś Filip , Łukawski Artur , Bochen Konrad , Jasiński Filip , Dziegciarczyk Anna , Górska Weronika
Published: October 2024

Rotator cuff injuries are a common cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction, resulting from acute trauma or degenerative changes. These injuries, including partial and full-thickness tears, can significantly impair daily activities and reduce quality of life. Treatment options range from conservative measures, such as physical therapy and NSAIDs, to surgical interventions like arthroscopic repair. The choice of treatment depends on factors such as tear size, patient age, and activity level. This review compares the effectiveness of conservative treatment and surgical repair for rotator cuff injuries, focusing on pain relief, functional recovery, and complication rates.
Conservative treatment is typically the first-line approach for partial-thickness tears or patients with lower physical demands. Physical therapy and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are common modalities that can improve symptoms, particularly for smaller tears. Corticosteroid injections are also used to provide short-term relief, although their long-term benefits are less clear. For larger or full-thickness tears, surgery is often necessary due to the risk of progressive degeneration and persistent symptoms. Arthroscopic repair is particularly beneficial for younger or more active patients, offering superior long-term outcomes in terms of strength and function.
Studies indicate that while conservative treatment and surgery may offer similar short-term outcomes for smaller tears, surgery provides better long-term recovery for more extensive injuries. Ultimately, the decision between conservative and surgical treatment should be individualized, considering tear size, patient age, activity level, and overall health. Surgery is recommended for full-thickness tears or when conservative treatment fails to yield sufficient improvement, while conservative management remains effective for many smaller tears.
Hip Dysplasia in Adults: Surgical Correction vs. Conservative Treatment Options
Authors: Wiak Iga , Banyś Filip , Czyżewski Filip , Bochen Konrad , Dudek Stanisław , Jasiński Filip , Łukawski Artur , Pasierb Karolina , Szałajska Julia , Wojtach Klaudia
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is an anatomical deformation resulting from abnormal formation of the structures that make up the hip joint. Due to abnormal biomechanics patients with hip dysplasia usually develop radiographic osteoarthritis. Aim of the study: Despite the introduction of screening tests in children, DDH remains an issue among adults. For this group of patients, it is essential to begin treatment as early as possible to prevent early-onset osteoarthritis of the hip joint. In adults it is often too late to implement non-invasive methods such as braces or orthoses. Therefore, in this study, we aim to describe other treatment options for adults with DDH, considering both surgical and non-surgical methods. In the following work, we present both the advantages and complications associated with these surgical methods. Additionally, we describe the non-surgical alternative method of progressive resistance training (PRT) and consider the possibilities of combining it with surgical techniques. We also discuss the potential for pharmacological treatment. Material and Methods: Review of studies available through open-access sources on PubMed, Google Scholar, and the National Library of Medicine. Conclusions: The decision to quickly implement an appropriate treatment plan is crucial for improving the patient's quality of life. The choice of treatment method should consider the patient's age and the severity of the disease. Adults with DDH are most often qualified for surgical procedures, which include periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) and total hip replacement (THR). However, for some patients, surgical procedures may be contraindicated or impossible, and in such cases, other non-invasive methods, such as resistance training or appropriate pharmacotherapy, should be considered. Keywords: hip joint, osteoarthritis, surgery, conservative therapy, hip, Surgical Correction
Therapy options for Trigger Finger: Conservative Treatment vs. Surgery
Authors: Jasiński Filip , Wojtach Klaudia , Szałajska Julia , Czyżewski Filip , Łukawski Artur , Banyś Filip , Wiak Iga , Bochen Konrad , Dziegciarczyk Anna , Górska Weronika
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Trigger finger, also referred to as trigger finger syndrome, is a condition caused by inflammation of the flexor tendons of the fingers and digital pulleys, resulting in pain and restricted movement. This issue affects numerous individuals, particularly the elderly and those who perform repetitive hand motions.
Aim
The aim of this study is to explore and compare the available treatment options for trigger finger, including rest, splinting, anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, steroid injections, and surgical interventions. Both conservative and surgical approaches have their advantages and limitations, and their effectiveness varies depending on the individual patient’s response.
State of Knowledge
Medical literature describes a variety of treatment methods, ranging from pharmacological approaches and physical therapy to steroid injections and, in more complex cases, surgical interventions. Conservative treatment, often the initial approach, aims to alleviate symptoms and can be effective in the early stages of the condition. Surgery, on the other hand, is considered when conservative treatment fails or in more advanced cases.
Summary
The choice of treatment for trigger finger should be tailored to the individual needs of the patient and the severity of the condition. Conservative therapy is effective in the early stages but does not always provide long-lasting relief. Surgery, although more invasive, is typically effective in advanced cases and often leads to a quicker restoration of full finger function.
Treating Chronic Tendinopathy: Physical Therapy, Surgery and Other Form of Therapy
Authors: Łukawski Artur , Szałajska Julia , Wojtach Klaudia , Czyżewski Filip , Wiak Iga , Banyś Filip , Bochen Konrad , Jasiński Filip , Dziegciarczyk Anna , Górska Weronika
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The term "tendinopathy" refers to pathological changes in tendons. The previously used term "tendonitis" does not fully capture the nature of the condition, as inflammatory changes, when present, are secondary to degenerative damage. Tendinopathies are quite common in the general population.
Aim: The aim of this review is to characterize various types of tendinopathies, with a focus on both conservative and surgical treatment methods, in order to organize available information that may be helpful for clinicians in their practice.
State of Knowledge: Chronic tendinopathies develop as a result of multiple factors. The most significant include improper exercise techniques, excessive strain, and musculoskeletal system abnormalities.
Summary (Conclusions): The approach to tendinopathy treatment should vary depending on the patient's clinical condition and provoking factors. Physiotherapy plays the most important role, along with supportive methods such as analgesic pharmacotherapy and cryotherapy. Surgical intervention may be necessary in cases where conservative treatment fails.
role of vitamin D in ocular diseases - a literature review
Authors: Partyka Aleksandra , Dyrek Martyna , Kopczyński Cezary , Kopczyńska Urszula , Gurdak Kinga , Dydyk Martyna , Malinowski Piotr , Sikorski Piotr , Błaszczak Ewa , Wójcik Jakub
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that can modulate immune and inflammatory responses. Recent investigations have shed light on its potential role in the pathogenesis of many diseases affecting the eyes.
Aim of the study: This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the existing findings on the relationship between vitamin D and ocular diseases. The intention is to present new perspectives that will contribute to a better understanding of the complicated nature of this aspect.
Material and methods: This review included relevant papers from PubMed database using specified keywords.
Analysis of the literature: The role of vitamin D in ocular and visual health has been observed in many studies. A deficiency of vitamin D may play a significant role in the development of many ocular diseases such as dry eye disease, myopia, diabetic retinopathy, keratoconus, and thyroid eye disease.
Conclusions: Adequate vitamin D levels are significant for maintaining ocular health. Recognition of the pivotal role of vitamin D in ocular diseases opens new possibilities for potential therapeutic interventions. Ongoing research is needed to further investigate that aspect. Supplementation of vitamin D may prevent or modulate many diseases affecting the eyes.
Coffee and Alzheimer's Disease: Reviewing the Neuroprotective Effects of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Madyniak Katarzyna , Ciecierski Piotr
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder primarily managed with symptomatic treatments. Coffee, a popular beverage, contains bioactive compounds like caffeine, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, trigonelline, caffeic acid, and kaempferol, which may offer neuroprotective benefits. These compounds could potentially address AD-related pathologies such as amyloid-beta accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This review explores the neuroprotective potential of coffee's bioactive components in AD.
Aim of the Study
This study aims to review research on the neuroprotective effects of coffee and its bioactive compounds in Alzheimer's disease. It seeks to understand how these compounds may mitigate AD-related pathologies and their potential in preventive and therapeutic applications. The study also identifies knowledge gaps and suggests future research directions.
Material and Methods
We reviewed literature from PubMed, Google Scholar and other scientific sources using keywords: Alzheimer's disease, coffee, neuroprotective, caffeine, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, trigonelline, caffeic acid, and kaempferol.
Conclusions
Emerging evidence indicates that coffee's bioactive compounds may offer neuroprotective benefits against Alzheimer's disease. Compounds such as caffeine, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, trigonelline, caffeic acid, and kaempferol show potential in mitigating key AD pathologies. However, the current evidence is preliminary, and more research is needed to fully understand their cognitive benefits and mechanisms. Investigating these properties is particularly relevant given the aging global population and the age-related nature of AD.
Research on the Training of Reserve Football Talents at Home and Abroad — On the Strategy of Training Reserve Football on Campus
Authors: Jiang Bo , Wang Shaojie , Chen Qiuyi , Xiang Jinbo
Published: October 2024

This research takes the training strategy of reserve football talents on campus as the research object, and takes the literature method and logical analysis method as the research method to analyze and discuss the drawbacks of the existing strategy of reserve football talents training on campus in China and to integrate with the international standards, and to dig deeply into the problems of the current training strategy of reserve football talents under the current mode. Theoretical Significance: Exploring the strategy of combining teaching and sports with training of reserve football talents on campus is to promote the wider, deeper and healthy development of youth football in China, to promote the healthy growth of young students, to consolidate the football foundation of our country, to cultivate more excellent football talents, to provide a theoretical basis for the construction and development of football schools with Chinese characteristics, and to provide a theoretical reference for our schools. The sustainable development of football has laid a good theoretical foundation. Practical Significance: Football itself is an important part of school education and an inevitable requirement to promote students'all-round development. Through the training strategy of reserve football talents on campus, we can develop teenagers' football on campus, cultivate students'interest in football, cultivate students' good will quality and expand students'participation in football. On the basis of the intensity of football training on campus, we find new seedlings of football, further improve their football skills and level, effectively improve the quantity and quality of football reserve talents on campus, train high-quality football talents for the country, and fully demonstrate the practical significance of implementing the strategy of training football reserve talents on campus.