bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUÊNCIAS DE PREPARAÇÃO DA SUPERFÍCIE NOS RESULTADOS DE ANÁLISE DAS TENSÕES MECÂNICAS POR DIFRAÇÃO DE RAIOS-X
Authors: Werner Heitor , De Lana José William , Gurova Tetyana
Published: April 2021

Tensões residuais são o resultado de um conjunto de forças que estão presentes em um material metálico independente de ações externas, e essas tensões podem afetar diretamente a vida do material, especialmente se novas tensões forem introduzidas no material por meio de tratamentos de superfície. Portanto, esta produção analisará pelo método de difração de raios X a influência do preparo da superfície sobre as tensões residuais de uma peça de aço.
DETERMINAÇÃO DOS NÍVEIS DE RADIOATIVIDADE NATURAL EM AMOSTRAS DE SOLO DO NÚCLEO PIRAQUARA – PARQUE ESTADUAL DA PEDRA BRANCA
Authors: SOUZA EDMILSON MONTEIRO , Neto Jorge Do Ouro , Oliveira Sidney Gomes de , Correa Samanda Cristine Arruda , DOMINGUES ALESSANDRO MARIANO , SILVA ADEMIR XAVIER DA
Published: April 2021

Nesse trabalho foi utilizada a técnica da espectrometria gama de alta resolução com detector HPGe e o pacote de software GENIE 2000 para a determinação da concentração de atividade dos radionuclídeos 226Ra, 232Th e 40K presente em amostras de solo, e o risco radiológico para visitantes do Núcleo Piraquara, importante Trilha de Ecoturismo do Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca – RJ. Os resultados apresentaram concentrações de atividades para os radionuclídeos 232Th e 40K significativamente acima da média global reportada pela literatura. Entretanto, os valores encontrados para AEDE, Raeq e Hext se mostraram inferiores aos valores de referência mundiais, demostrando que a região estudada não oferece risco radiológico aos visitantes.
ANÁLISE DOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS NEGATIVOS DAS LINHAS DE TRANSMISSÃO CACHOEIRA PAULISTA – ADRIANÓPOLIS I E ADRIANÓPOLIS – RESENDE NA ÁREA DE RELEVANTE INTERESSE ECOLÓGICO FLORESTA DA CICUTA
Authors: Oliveira Julia Da Silva , De Assis Natielly Caroline Alves , Alves Sandro Leonardo , Gurgel Jr Francisco Jácome
Published: April 2021

A Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico (ARIE) denominada “Floresta da Cicuta” é uma unidade de conservação de uso sustentável que possui 131 hectares de Mata Atlântica, é gerida pelo Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) e está situada entre os municípios de Volta Redonda e Barra Mansa, conforme disposto no Decreto Federal nº 90.792/1985. A ARIE Floresta da Cicuta apresenta grande importância para a proteção da biodiversidade regional, pois abriga espécies animais e vegetais ameaçadas de extinção. O intuito desta pesquisa é revisar a produção-técnica científica acerca dos impactos ambientais negativos gerados por linhas de transmissão em áreas naturais, análise e discussão dos mesmos provocados pelas linhas de transmissão denominadas “LTs 500 kV Cachoeira Paulista - Adrianópolis I e Adrianópolis - Resende” que interceptam a referida unidade. O reconhecimento dos impactos foi obtido pela análise de dados obtidos a partir de trabalhos análogos e EIA/RIMA de empreendimentos de transmissão de energia. Foram identificados efeitos de borda nas laterais dos fragmentos, invasão de espécies exóticas na ARIE, diferenças nas características do solo na área sob as Linhas de Transmissão e no perímetro de mata fechada e, por fim, concluído que devido à fragmentação causada pela faixa de servidão existe um impedimento no trânsito da fauna entre um fragmento florestal e o outro.
OCORRÊNCIA DE ESPÉCIES DE CARAMUJOS MARINHOS (MOLLUSCA; GASTROPODA) EM COSTÕES ROCHOSOS DAS PRAIAS DA VIOLA E PRAINHA, NA ILHA DE ITACURUÇÁ, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL
Authors: Da Costa Fábio Moraes , De Oliveira Fabiano Paschoal , De Alcantara Alessandra Araujo , Rangel Flávia Cristina Dos Santos
Published: April 2021

O filo Mollusca constitui um dos grupos mais diversos em formas e espécies com adaptações funcionais e ambientais específicas para todos os habitats. Os gastrópodes constituem a maior classe do filo Mollusca, apresentando três subclasses: Prosobranchia, Opstobranchia e Pulmonata. O estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência de caramujos-marinhos (Mollusca; Gastropoda) na zona infralitoral dos costões rochosos das praias da Viola e Prainha, Ilha de Itacuruçá, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas entre os anos de 2014 e 2016 em período sazonal, verão, com o total de 15 coletas e perfazendo 4 horas de atividade diariamente, com mergulho livre. Foram identificadas sete espécies: Tegula viridula (GMELIN, 1791); Stramonita haemastoma (LINNAEUS, 1767); Stramanita rustica (LAMARCK, 1822); Neritina virginea (LINNAEUS, 1758); Calliostoma adspersum (PHILIPPI, 1851); Latirus ogum (PETUCH, 1979) e Fissurella clenchi (FARFANTE, 1943). A praia da Viola se mostrou com maior incidência de espécies totalizando 137 espécimes. A espécie T. viridula obteve a maior ocorrência nas duas áreas estudadas. Já L. ogum foi a espécie com menor ocorrência para o estudo.
TOMADA DE DECISÃO EM ESTRATÉGIA DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: De Souza Tavares Aline Conceição , Freire Rocha Kelly Cristina , Pinto Maria de Fátima Rocha , De  Laffitt Elizangela Aparecida Da Silva , Moreira da Silva Ilda Cecília
Published: April 2021

Gerenciar nem sempre é uma tarefa fácil, por isso, o enfermeiro gestor tem nesse processo como sua principal aliada, a informação que contribui na tomada de decisão. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o entendimento de enfermeiros sobre a gerência de enfermagem na Atenção Básica. Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa que busca compreender o discurso de enfermeiros da equipe Saúde da Família sobre uso de informações na Tomada de Decisão. Os dados foram analisados e categorizados conforme a similaridade dos conteúdos. Formaram-se quatro categorias de análise que resultou dos achados de pesquisa: Organização, Responsabilidade e Processo de Trabalho; Orienta a Tomada de Decisão; Equipe Coesa e Informações Fidedignas; Necessidade de Conhecimento Técnico. Gerenciar uma unidade de saúde tem como desafio o aprendizado de novos conhecimentos, habilidades, atitudes relacionadas à eficiência administrativa e capacidade de respostas rápidas e resolutivas para manter a qualidade das demandas de saúde da população. Conclui-se que enfermeiros reconhecem sua capacidade para a gestão, porém necessitam de mais qualificação para exercer o gerenciamento em Unidades Saúde da Família e os benefícios que a informação acarreta na tomada de decisão.
O COMPLIANCE E A LEI DE BIODIVERSIDADE – BREVES APONTAMENTOS SOBRE COMO PREVENIR, MITIGAR E CORRIGIR ERROS FORMAIS QUE PREJUDICAM A PESQUISA CIENTÍFICA.
Authors: Netto Aloysio Telles de Moraes , Angeli Renata
Published: April 2021

A metodologia de Compliance, surgida para o combate à corrupção nas empresas, tem por finalidade o fomento de uma cultura que busca o conhecimento e respeito a regras e leis. Tal característica pode e deve ser aplicada pelas Instituições que promovem a pesquisa para garantir o atendimento à Lei de Biodiversidade Brasileira, instrumento importantíssimo para a salvaguarda do patrimônio ambiental nacional, mas reconhecidamente de difícil compreensão e aplicação no meio científico brasileiro. Assim, ao conhecer os Pilares aplicáveis aos programas de Compliance que combatem a corrupção nas organizações públicas e privadas, é possível desenvolver uma cultura organizacional igualmente voltada ao atendimento de outras leis, mas no caso para as exigências da legislação brasileira que regulamenta a pesquisa científica neste campo, evitando, tal qual no Compliance Anticorrupção, prejuízos econômicos e institucionais de grande proporção.
ACOLHIMENTO TERAPÊUTICO A DEPENDENTES QUÍMICOS DO ÁLCOOL: RELAÇÕES FAMILIARES
Authors: Silva Beatriz Figueredo , Da Silva Leticia De Almeida , Pinto Maria de Fátima Rocha , Júnior José Tarcisio Cavaliere , Sepp Valquiria Jorge , Machado Flávio Vaz , Da Silva Ilda Cecília Moreira
Published: April 2021

O alcoolismo ainda é um dos males da sociedade atual, se tonando um problema de Saúde Pública que atinge grande parte da população. Existem diversos caminhos que os alcoolistas podem seguir e alguns deles afetando familiares e amigos próximos. O objetivo deste estudo é apontar impactos do alcoolismo no ambiente familiar, identificando como o cuidado da enfermagem interfere na melhoria das relações interpessoais entre usuário de álcool e seus familiares. O estudo se baseou em uma integração interpretativa de achados qualitativos, de pesquisas primárias por meio de uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura. Identificou-se que a maioria dos estudos abordam os impactos do alcoolismo no âmbito familiar, e que este carrega muitas vezes divergências que vão desde dificuldades financeiras até atos de violência contra os seus entes queridos. Conclui-se que o alcoolismo afeta pessoas de todos os gêneros, muitas vezes gerando divergências nas relações familiares. Além disso, nota-se a importância dos profissionais enfermeiros ao lidar com a manutenção do contato entre paciente e familiares, mostrando a necessidade da educação em saúde durante todo o processo.
 
Palavras-chave: Alcoolismo, Cuidados, Enfermagem.
Análisis lírico en Luis Cernuda y Federico García Lorca, adscritos a la heteronomía temática de la generación del 27
Authors: Delgado Del Aguila Jesús Miguel
Published: April 2021

Este artículo realiza un análisis de los poemas de Luis Cernuda y Federico García Lorca que pertenecen a la generación del 27, un grupo de escritores españoles que surgió a inicios del siglo XX, que se distingue por la inmediata accesibilidad que suscitan para los lectores de su época, ya que adaptaron adecuadamente la poética del modernismo literario, que se opuso al determinismo y el estructuralismo estáticos del lenguaje como expresión. El propósito de este estudio es percibir las variantes, producto de la contrastación de categorías, que se patentizan a partir de la extracción de los tópicos propios de los versos, para después corroborar con los paradigmas inmanentes del surrealismo, que están expuestos en los manifiestos de André Bretón, junto con la cosmovisión que adoptan Octavio Paz y Paul Illie.
La observación como paso fundamental de investigación en las tesis de grado
Authors: Cabrales Nevárez Julio
Published: April 2021

El propósito de este estudio ha sido explorar el fracaso de las tesis de grado por falta de sustento del problema de investigación en la observación y reflexión, así como en la inadecuada formación metodológica del tesista. La metodología utilizada fue la encuesta a los profesores-asesores de los tesistas de la Licenciatura en Docencia de Lengua Inglesa de la Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, México, quienes pudieron dar cuenta de las variables estudiadas: observación y dominio de la metodología. Se ha encontrado que a pesar de que los maestros conocen la metodología, no le dan la importancia suficiente a la observación como primer paso para la elección del tema de investigación. Asimismo, se ha corroborado que los tesistas no se basan en la observación de su entorno para identificar problemas y formular su tema, que se refuerza como una hipótesis de factor de fracaso y abandono de la investigación.
Digitization of the property development industry: overview of current literature and research gaps
Authors: Klee Christian
Published: April 2021

The construction industry has a high status in Germany. Property developers historically come from the construction industry. In terms of digital maturity, however, they lag well behind the general construction industry. In this paper, the author analyzes the current literature on digital transformation and digital maturity, focusing on the construction industry and property developers. The method he chose was a structured literature review. The aim is to identify the current state of research, particularly on the topic of 1) digitization of the construction industry and 2) digitization within the property development sector. The question arises as to why the topic of digitization is so underrepresented among property developers. Even without considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, recent years have seen no acceleration in the use of digitalization among builders than other industries. The literature review shows that developers need to change their business strategies to reposition their business and respond to environmental changes. The current good economic situation overshadows any further digitization pressure caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, but to achieve competitive advantages in the long term, digitization of the value chain is necessary. In this context, gaps in current research will also be identified, which will be the starting point for future research.
The After-life of Social Movements
Authors: Sengupta Purbali
Published: April 2021

Probing the nature of social mobilization of minorities germinating from the COVID-19 crisis is the focal point of this paper. While medico-scientific discourses to fight the Pandemic gained ground in Global North, the Global South is still grappling with pseudo-knowledge/occult science narratives. The BJP displayed spectacular political opportunism during this Pandemic by prescribing traditional health practices to gain a hegemonic sway over the masses who became objects in this pedagogical discourse, often coupled with islamophobic propaganda birthed conspiracy theories binarily structured on ‘Otherness’. The purpose of this paper is to reveal findings of a self-conducted survey of the social activities of a former squatter colony based in Kolkata to examine subaltern consciousness/agency demonstrated through gaps and fissures of negotiation with power structures. Often alternate translational spaces showed possibilities of articulation from such indeterminacy and dissent. This paper’s crux is built on such collective activities like propitiating Corona Devi through religious rituals that draw precedent from similar subaltern community movements during the British Raj to counter epidemics by the worship of ‘Sitaladevi/Salabai’. The paper traces historical contingency in subaltern resistance within the domain of conflicting relations between tradition and rationality.
Formación nutricional comunitaria, entre agentes educativos de la primera infancia en Parral, Chihuahua, México
Authors: Ruiz León Mara
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar necesidades de formación nutricional en la primera infancia en agentes educativos comunitarios de los Centros de Salud de Hidalgo del Parral. La investigación se llevó a cabo desde el paradigma cualitativo, un enfoque histórico- interpretativo y como marco referencial la etnografía. Los principales hallazgos muestran una carente formación y actualización sobre aspectos básicos de Nutrición en la primera infancia y su relación con el Desarrollo Integral, ambivalencia en la función educativa del personal, prácticas centradas en metas cuantitativas y discrepancias en cuanto a los mecanismos a través de los cuales se llevan a cabo estas funciones. En cuanto a la vinculación interinstitucional se reconocen formas organizativas de actividades educativas desde criterios arbitrarios en una relación vertical, que no responden a objetivos comunes desde las necesidades de la comunidad y ausencia de una relación pedagógica entre implicados. Se concluye que existe una necesidad latente de formación en educación nutricional con sentido comunitario para favorecer el desarrollo integral de la niñez.
Retos de la investigación cualitativa constructivista en las aulas universitarias
Authors: Ludeña González Gerardo Francisco , De Piérola García Violeta María
Published: April 2021

Las transformaciones de las ciencias socio jurídicas en los países de américa Central y américa Latina en los últimos tres o cuatro lustros han implicado dimensiones tecnológicas y generacionales y se han sucedido en el marco de mayores incidencias de unas políticas de ciencia y tecnología abiertamente productivistas y del posicionamiento del modelo gerencial de la universidad-empresa. Esta investigación aborda la epistemología constructivista como base orientadora de la metodología de investigación basada en el pensamiento de diseño, entendiendo que el ser humano es activo constructor de su realidad en interacción con otros; posición que se complementa con herramientas e instrumentos afines conforme los aportes de Piaget, Vygotski y Ausubel, evitando así la procrastinación,​ es decir la postergación o posposición o hábito de retrasar actividades o situaciones que deben atenderse, sustituyéndolas por otras situaciones más irrelevantes sea por miedo o pereza a afrontarlas; el reprocesamiento de actividades mal ejecutadas o, en el peor de los casos, el abandono del esfuerzo ya iniciado, conjunto a una adecuada planificación que debe ser lo suficiente, de tal manera que, no se dejen de lado actividades clave, que no se subestimen los recursos necesarios (tiempo, dinero y personas), que se cuente con herramientas que permitan el logro del objetivo, en afrenta al fenómeno informalmente denominado Todo Menos investigación (All But Dissertation o ABD). A fin de cuentas, la aplicación del enfoque constructivista, incorpora el ejercicio de procesos creativos fuertemente vinculados a la motivación personal y a la disposición para superar obstáculos, citando por no decir lo menos el de “Cómo hacer una tesis y no envejecer en el intento”.
Teaching the History of Drugs as Commodities
Authors: Rasch Elisabet Dueholm
Published: April 2021

Paul Gootenberg is SUNY Distinguished Professor of History and Sociology at Stony Brook University (New York) and Chair of History. He is a global commodity and drug historian trained as a Latin Americanist at the University of Chicago and Oxford.  His works include Andean Cocaine: The Making of a Global Drug (UNC Press, 2008), Cocaine: Global Histories (Routledge, 1999) and with Liliana M. Dávalos, The Origins of Cocaine: Peasant Colonization and Failed Development in the Amazon Andes (Routledge, 2018).  From 2011-14 he chaired the Drugs, Security and Democracy fellowship (DSD) of the Soros Open Society Foundation and Social Science Research Council. Gootenberg is General Editor of the forthcoming Oxford Handbook of Drug History and President-elect 2021of the Alcohol and Drugs History Society (ADHS).  He regularly teaches courses at Stony Brook about the history of commodities and drugs. What follows is an edited transcript of an interview he had with Elisabet Rasch one of the editors of the Teaching Commodity Frontiers section, in February 2021.
Working the Rural-Urban Divide
Authors: Schneider Mindi
Published: April 2021

Alexander F. Day is not only an avid consumer of Chinese tea, he has taken up this plant, product, and production system as the subject for his forthcoming book. Situated in Meitan county in Guizhou province—the county that currently boasts the largest planted area of tea in China—his research traces the interplay of tea, labor, and political economy and the shift from household production to industrialisation from the 1920s to the present. Day combines archival research and fieldwork, making regular trips to Meitan, where he collaborates with local tea historians. His work connects the past and the present, and provides insights into how studying the contemporary period sheds light on earlier periods and vice versa. The following is a lightly edited version of our interview about Alexander’s current book project.
True Price of Quality
Authors: Elliott Hannah , Skrydstrup Martin
Published: April 2021

In Kenya, tea is a “political crop” (Ochieng 2007). Tea is one of Kenya’s largest exports and is an important foreign exchange earner and source of revenue. At the same time, tea is key to the livelihoods many smallholder farmers in central Kenya and west of the Rift Valley, so that the price of tea is a recurrent focus of political campaigns. Keenly aware of tea’s political and economic value, county governments grapple with the national government over tea policy, while key industry actors challenge and resist attempts at reform. These politics around the “true” price of tea are situated in and regenerated through the infrastructures through which Kenyan tea is produced, processed and marketed.
Illicit Crop Frontiers
Authors: Stein Serena , Sandwell Katie
Published: April 2021

Today, many zones of cultivation for plants like coca, khat, kratom, and cannabis are thriving, in some cases despite protracted, violent, and lethal attempts at containment through state re-territorialization -- and often, state terror. These plants straddle the borders of legality in many places where they are grown, participating in the cultivation of agriculture frontiers characterized by uncertain and unpredictable openings and closings, and changing distributions of harms among plants and human communities. Scholars and activists question the ideology and efficacy of transnational and state programs to eradicate crops and criminalize farmers, bringing new attention to these commodities and the impacts of their contested legal status. There is also a rising appreciation of indigenous and traditional cultivation and of the importance of decolonizing uses of plants, against backdrops of botanical speculation, piracy, colonization, and trauma. Finally, these illicit agricultural frontiers stand to be dramatically reconfigured by changes potential to drug law regimes.

 

For this essay, we invited three scholars to comment on the frontiers of coca, khat, and kratom where they have long been embedded in research: Asmin Fransiska (hereafter AF) in Indonesia, Lisa Gezon (hereafter LG) in Madagascar, and Kristina Lyon (hereafter KL) in Colombia. We, the authors, edited these comments, and put them into a conversation exploring illicit crop frontiers today, and what is shared and distinct among these frontiers, the frictions and countermovements within them, and their actual or potential connections to broader agrarian movements. As we relay the commentaries, we offer a few contours of what (il)licit crops frontiers bring to our understanding of uneven and unequal histories of capitalism and the unending drive for crop commodities in marginal landscapes. We offer a brief typology of these frontiers to punctuate the conversation, and some directions for ongoing study.
Malthus in Smith Clothing
Authors: Fletcher Robert
Published: April 2021

In this op-ed, Robert Fletcher reviews The Dasgupta Review, a report commissioned by the UK Treasury Department on The Economics of Biodiversity, which was released in February 2021. Fletcher argues that rather than offering a fresh or timely analysis of biodiversity loss and how to counter it, the Review continues a long line of similar reports that leave capitalism in the background as a given, and lay blame for what ails the world at the feet of "population." Such disavowed capital-centric Malthusianism, Fletcher argues, renders the popular report a distraction from desperately needed analyses of the political economy of biodiversity loss.
Events and Announcements
Authors: Bernardi Claudia
Published: April 2021

This section aims to improve communications between initiatives, artists, activists, scholars, and research groups engaged in the study and politics of commodity frontiers. Here you will find the latest news recommended by people from the Commodity Frontiers Initiative. 
 
This is a first selection, and we would be happy to add further events on our website, in social media, and in future volumes of Commodity Frontiers. Please send your announcements to Claudia Bernardi (clod.zeta@gmail.com), or contact us through the website, Twitter, or Facebook.
Intellectual Profiles of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Al-Mamari Watfa , Idris Ahmed Babiker , Gabr Ahlam , Jalees Saquib , Al-Jabri Muna , Abdulraheem Reem , Al-Mujaini Abeer , Islam M. Mazharul , Al-Alawi Mohamed , Al-Adawi Samir
Published: April 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the intelligence quotient (IQ) profile among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and identify the most important subscales that predict the IQ. The analysis of an intellectual profile with age and gender differentials and the identification of a battery of subscales of intelligence are important for clinical management of ASD among children and for facilitating placement for remedial and educational services. Methods: Data were collected through an exploratory study of 100 children aged between three and 13 years, who were referred to the department of child health and development in Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, a tertiary hospital, in Oman between June 2016 and June 2019. Results: Among the 100 participants of this study, 79% were male, resulting in a male–female ratio of 4:1. The mean of full-scale IQ was found to be 68.6 } 18.1. Furthermore, the mean of nonverbal IQ (73.5 } 17.5) was significantly higher than that of verbal IQ (65.5 } 17.6). Finally, more than half (61%) of the children were observed to have had mild to moderate impairment in their IQ levels. Conclusions: Age and gender showed no significant association with IQ level. The regression analysis identified nonverbal fluid reasoning, nonverbal visual-spatial processing, nonverbal working memory and verbal knowledge as the significant predictors of total IQ. The crucial dimensions of verbal and nonverbal IQ identified in this study can be used to evaluate complicated cases.
Keywords: Autism; Intelligence; Oman.
Carbamazepine Induced Steven Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Overlap Treated Successfully with Oral Cyclosporin
Authors: Al Rajaibi Raqiya , Al Rumhi Thuraiya , Al Abri Al Mur
Published: April 2021

Steven Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are acute life threatening mucocutaneous drug reactions. Several therapies have been used in the treatment of SJS/TEN but none of them have been established as the gold standard treatment, until now. Studies showed that cyclosporine (CsA) can be used off-label in TEN/SJS and has shown promising therapeutic effectiveness in such diseases. Here we report a 38 year-old woman who presented to Ar Rustaq Hospital, Rustaq, Oman in 2019 with SJS/TEN overlap and was treated successfully with CsA along with supportive management. This case report also includes a literature review on use of CsA in the treatment of SJS/TEN.

Keywords: Steven Johnson Syndrome; Toxic epidermal necrolysis; Epidermal necrolysis; cyclosporine; Drug eruption; case report; Oman
The Molecular Pathways of Lung Damage by E-Cigarette in Experimental Mice
Authors: Suryadinata Rivan V , Wirjatmadi Bambang
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The negative health effects of electronic cigarettes remain debatable. Several studies have shown the adverse effects, but there are others who opine that electronic cigarettes are safer to use than the tobacco counterparts. There is however, a possibility that the long-term health effects, such as respiratory and even kidney function impairment are presently not obvious. The amounts of increased free radicals and pro-inflammatory cytokines from e-cigarettes result in various physiological disorders, which trigger cell damage, and even cell death in the body. Methods: The aim of this study is to analyze the stages of lung tissue damage caused by exposure to electronic cigarette smoke. An experimental method was used herein with a control and a experiment group of male wistar rats to assess the levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, matrix metalloprotein-8, and collagen type 2. The results were obtained using immunohistochemical staining methods on alveolar macrophages through Hematoxylin-Eosin (H & E) staining. Results: The results showed that exposure to electronic cigarette smoke caused an increase in free radicals, triggered an inflammatory process, and degraded the type 2 collagen present in the lung tissue. Conclusion: Exposure E-cigarette can cause cell damage in lung tissue

Keyword: E-Cigarettes; Lung Tissue; Immunohistochemistry; Hematoxylin-Eosin.
Barriers and Perception Towards Spectacle Wear among Student Population of University of Buraimi, Oman
Authors: Vankudre Gopi S , Noushad Babu
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the barriers and perception towards spectacle wear among student population of University of Buraimi, Oman. Methods: This descriptive, questionnaire based, cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2017 and May 2018.  To evaluate participant’s barriers and perception towards spectacle wear, a self-designed, validated questionnaire prepared in English language, obtained responses from 170 a university student population within the Sultanate of Oman. Chi-square test was used to assess the association between the type of perception with the socio-demographic and refractive error related profiles of the participants. Results: All participants with inappropriate spectacle correction (61.82%) responded to the questionnaire.  Majority of them (73.5%, n = 125) were having their eyes examined for the first time. Only 28 (16.5%) were wearing spectacles. Nearly half of the participants (54%, n = 91) had positive attitude towards spectacle wear, followed by negative (36%, n = 62) and neutral perception (10%, n = 17). Participants from a health science background had a higher positive perception towards spectacle wear compared to the non-medical study majors (P = 0.012). The difference in the perception scores between myopic and hypermetropic refractive error group was statistically insignificant (P = 0.882). Conclusion: A majority of the participants were having inappropriate spectacle corrections and did not undergo any prior ocular examinations. Very few participants were wearing spectacles, however, it was inappropriate concerning their current refractive status. The other reasons for spectacle non-wear were, ordering of new spectacles, lost them, or were broken. Nearly half of the participants had positive perceptions towards spectacle wear. The positive perception was higher among students with health-related majors. The study stresses to extend the current school eye health initiative within the region to the university level. A holistic eye health promotional approach integrating students, teachers, and parents can help in improving spectacle wear within the population.

Keywords: Eyeglasses; Refractive errors; School eye health; Spectacle compliance; Patient compliance.
Attitudes of Physicians in Jordan Toward Non-Disclosure of Health Information
Authors: Borgan Saif M , Amarin Justin Z , Othman Areej K , Suradi Haya H , Qwaider Yasmeen Z
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the attitudes of physicians in Jordan toward non-disclosure and the differential attitudes of physicians who are “always truthful” and those who are not. Methods: Our report is based on the second subset of data from a cross-sectional study of the truth disclosure practices and attitudes of physicians in Jordan, which was conducted between January and August 2016. We selected 240 physicians from four major hospitals by stratified random sampling, and we invited them to complete a self-administered questionnaire regarding truth disclosure attitudes. We compared the attitudes of physicians who were “always” truthful and those who were not. Results: In total, 164 physicians (68%) completed the questionnaire, of whom 17 (10%) were “always truthful”, while the remaining 144 (90%) were not. Physicians who were “always truthful” were more likely to indicate that non-disclosure is “unethical” (77% v. 39%; p=0.009). Moreover, physicians who were “always truthful” were more likely to disagree that non-disclosure is beneficial for the physical and psychological health of patients (82% v. 55%; p=0.03). The majority of physicians agreed that all patients have the right to know their diagnosis, most patients prefer to know their diagnosis, and the introduction of legislation to enforce disclosure would positively affect medical practice in Jordan. Conclusion: The differential attitudes of physicians who were “always truthful” and those who were “not always truthful” suggest a rationale behind independent non-disclosure, namely that non-disclosure is ethically justifiable and beneficial for the physical and psychological health of patients.Keywords: Truth Disclosure • Physicians • Attitude • Jordan • Middle East • Cross-Sectional Studies
Knowledge Towards Antibiotics Use Among Lebanese Adults
Authors: Henaine Anna-Maria , Lahoud Nathalie , Abdo Rachel , Shdeed Ruba , Safwan Jihan , Akel Marwan , Fahs Iqbal , Zeenny Rony , Sacre Hala , Hallit Souheil , Salameh Pascale
Published: April 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the association between sociodemographic characteristics and antibiotic knowledge in the Lebanese population. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in community pharmacies from all Lebanese governorates. Data were collected by well-trained pharmacists through face-to-face interviews from January 1 until March 31, 2017. The survey tool was adapted from a questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization. A knowledge index was computed for comparative purposes, and a linear regression model was performed to assess factors associated with knowledge. Results: An antibiotic knowledge index was computed for 623 participants, with a minimum score of 3 and a maximum score of 19 (average of 12.5 ± 3.2). Higher knowledge score was inversely correlated with age (r = -0.118; P = 0.003), but no gender differences were reported (12.6 for females vs. 12.3 for males) (P >0.05). However, differences were statistically significant for residence type, educational level, and total household income categories. The linear regression model showed a significant association between residence type and knowledge (urban vs. other areas, B = 0.793; P = 0.011). Furthermore, a higher knowledge index was significantly associated with a higher income combined with higher education (additive scale/B = 1.590; P = 0.025). Finally, interactions between income and age, gender, and residence type were not significant. Conclusion: Individuals residing in urban areas, those with combined high income and high educational levels, are more knowledgeable about antibiotics use and resistance in comparison with other groups. More studies are needed to assess sociodemographic interactions on health literacy.

Keywords: Knowledge; Socioeconomic Factors; Gender; Age; Attitude to Health; Educational Achievements; Residence.
Use of Simulation in Teaching Nursing Leadership and Management Course
Authors: Labrague Leodoro J.
Published: April 2021

Nursing education is strategically positioned to prepare nursing students for management and leadership skills necessary for future professional nursing roles. This review appraised and synthesised the outcomes of using simulation in pre-licensure nursing management and leadership courses. This is an integrative review of original articles published between 2008 and 2018. In January 2019, PsychINFO, CINAHL, PubMed and SCOPUS were searched to identify relevant articles using the following terms: ‘management’, ‘leadership’, ‘simulation’, ‘nursing’, ‘education’ and ‘student’. A total of 10 articles were included in the review. Four essential themes were identified from the content analysis: acquisition of skills or understanding of delegation, enhanced teamwork or collaboration capacities, improved decision-making and problem-solving skills and increased communication skills. Incorporation of simulation in the nursing management and leadership courses has the potential to enhance nursing students’ skills regarding delegation, problem-solving capacities, decision-making and communication and teamwork.
Keywords: Simulation Training; Nursing; Leadership; Practice Management; Student; Education.
Internet Addiction and Depression Among Postgraduate Residents
Authors: Al Mukhaini Ameena M , Al Houqani Fakhriya A , Al Kindi Rahma M
Published: April 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of social media usage and Internet addiction among Oman Medical Specialty Board (OMSB) residents and to determine associations between Internet addiction and sociodemographic characteristics and symptoms of depression. Methods: This cross-sectional study took place between January and March 2017. All 499 residents enrolled in OMSB training programmes during the 2016–2017 academic year were targeted. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to collect information concerning sociodemographic characteristics. In addition, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Internet Addiction Test were used to screen for depression and Internet addiction, respectively. Results: A total of 399 residents participated in the study (response rate: 80%). Overall, 115 residents (28.8%) had varying degrees of depression and 149 (37.3%) were addicted to the Internet; moreover, among those addicted, 54 (36.2%) had depression. While no significant associations were observed between Internet addiction and sociodemographic characteristics, the association between Internet addiction and depression was statistically significant (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Internet addiction was clearly detected among OMSB residents, with a significant association observed between Internet addiction and depression. Although a causal link between these two variables cannot be established as depression is multifactorial in origin, the disadvantages and harmful effects of excessive Internet and social media usage need to be addressed. Further research on the consequences of Internet addiction and its effect on quality of life and academic achievement is recommended.

Keywords: Internet; Social Media; Social Networking; Addictive Behaviors; Depression; Medical Students; Oman.
Management of Diabetes Insipidus following Surgery for Pituitary and Suprasellar Tumors
Authors: Almalki Mussa , Ahmad Maswood M. , Brema Imad , Almehthel Mohammed , AlDahmani Khaled M. , Mahzari Moeber , Beshyah Salem A.
Published: April 2021

Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a common complication of pituitary surgery. However, it is most frequently transient. It is defined by the excretion of an abnormally large volume of dilute urine with increasing serum osmolality. The reported incidence of CDI after pituitary surgery is variable; ranging from 0-90 %. Large tumor size, gross total resection, and intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak usually have an increased risk of CDI as also seen with craniopharyngioma and Rathke’s cleft cysts. It can be associated with high morbidities and mortality if not promptly recognized and treated on time. It is essential to rule out other causes of postoperative polyuria to avoid unnecessary pharmacotherapy and iatrogenic hyponatremia. Once the diagnosis of CDI is established, close monitoring is required to evaluate the response to treatment and to determine whether the CDI is transient or permanent. This review outlines the evaluation and management of patients with CDI after pituitary and suprasellar tumors surgery to help recognize the diagnosis, consider the differential diagnosis, initiate therapeutic interventions, guide monitoring, and long-term management.

Keywords: Central diabetes insipidus (CDI), polydipsia, polyuria, pituitary adenoma, preoperative risk factor, and pituitary surgery, arginine vasopressin, desmopressin, and treatment.
Varied Clinical Presentation and Management of Paediatric Vallecular Cyst
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Jain Neha , Jajoo Mamta , Roy Suparna , Narang Ekta , Mahajan Nidhi
Published: April 2021

The current article aims to highlight the varied presentation and management of vallecular cysts. We report three children, aged four years, 11 months and three days, diagnosed with vallecular cyst presenting to the Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya hospital, New Delhi, India in 2018 and 2019. They were reviewed retrospectively for clinical presentation, diagnostic tools and treatment options. All three cases had respiratory and feeding difficulties. The diagnosis in all of the three cases was made with laryngoscopy (flexible/direct) and imaging. All three patients were treated with the transoral approach aimed at the excision of the cyst using cold instruments. The postoperative period was uneventful. No recurrences were observed during the long-term follow-up. Vallecular cysts should be considered as one of the differentials in children with respiratory distress and dysphagia despite being a rare anomaly. A direct transoral approach is recommended for the excision of the vallecular cyst as it is a safe and reliable method with no recurrences to date.
Keywords: Benign Cyst; Dyspnea; Dysphagia; Laryngoscopy; Case Report; India.
Sleep patterns and their association with blood pressure and heart rate variability parameters in young Saudi females
Authors: Majeed Farrukh , Latif Rabia , Latif Aamna , Bibi Rehma
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Disturbed sleep patterns might alter the autonomic tone and may lead to various cardiovascular morbidities. This study aimed to determine sleep patterns (quality, duration, efficiency and day time sleepiness) and explore their association with blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) in young apparently healthy young Saudi females. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Physiology department, ------University, Saudi Arabia. Self-reported Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaires were used to collect data from 98 female participants. Participant’s blood pressure was recorded with Finometer® and HRV was measured from ECG using PowerLab®. Based on the cut-off values of sleep quality, duration, efficiency and daytime sleepiness scores, students were categorized into groups. HRV and BP were compared between the groups by t test/One-way ANOVA. Results: Poor sleep patterns (quality, duration, efficiency) were observed but no association was found in BP and HRV parameters among groups of different sleep quality, duration, and efficiency. Systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in moderate to severe day time sleepiness group (P=0.039). Dozing off as a passenger in a car doze, in afternoon and after lunch were negatively correlated with HRV parameters (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Sleep quality, duration and efficiency were not found to be statistically significant, but various doze off situations were associated with HRV parameters. Day time sleepiness may augment sympathetic response in apparently healthy female participants.

Keywords: sleep patterns, day time sleepiness, blood pressure, heart rate variability, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale.
A Rare Case of Apophysomyces variabilis Skin and Soft Tissue Infection
Authors: Bora Archana , Rathore Laxmi , Khatri Prabhat Kiran , Maurya Vinod Kumar , Choudhary Ganpat Singh
Published: April 2021

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Serendipitous Discovery of a Benign Obturator Nerve Schwannoma
Authors: Sumalatha Suhani , Appala Nikhila , Shetty Ashwija , Nayak Deepak , Prabhath Sushma , Bhat Nandini Prashanth
Published: April 2021

Schwannomas are typically benign tumours of the peripheral nerves. However, they seldom arise from the obturator nerve. We report a case of an uncommon swelling (2.5 × 3.5 cm) in a 65-year-old male cadaver, found during a routine dissection session for first Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery students in the Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India, in 2019. It was seen originating from the left obturator nerve in the pelvis at the level of the sacral promontory. Histopathological investigation revealed a schwannoma. The hypocellular tumour was arranged in a sweeping fascicle pattern with patches of myxoid degeneration. Obturator schwannomas, though rare, can exist in cadavers, as seen in the present case. Hence, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis for clinical cases of pelvic masses and eliminated only after thorough radiological examination. Knowledge about the existence of such schwannomas is therefore essential.
Keywords: Schwannoma; Obturator Nerves; Neurilemmoma; Nerve Sheath Neoplasms; Case Report; India.
Huge Hydatid Cyst of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract
Authors: Shakerian Behnam , Mandegar Mohammad H
Published: April 2021

Hydatid disease is a common health problem in sheep-farming countries including Iran. The liver and lungs are the most frequent primary sites of hydatid cysts in humans. Cardiac involvement is an uncommon manifestation and the right ventricle outflow tract is rarely involved. This is a case report of a 34-year-old man who presented to the Heart Clinic, Tehran, Iran, in 2019 with a history of dyspnea and fatigue. Following imaging study, the patient was diagnosed with a right ventricular outflow tract hydatid cyst. He underwent surgical resection of the cyst. The post-operative course was uneventful.Keywords: Hydatid cyst; Right ventricular; Outflow obstruction; case report; Iran.
Bilateral Chylothorax Following Total Thyroidectomy with Neck Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Kashoob Musallam , Bawain Saleh , Al Badaai Yahya
Published: April 2021

Bilateral chylothorax is a rare entity that occurs after a thyroidectomy and neck dissection. This rare condition can lead to severe morbidity, and potentially death, if not managed properly. We report a rare complication of neck surgery and subsequent bilateral pleural effusion, regarding a 35-year-old female who presented at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in 2018 with shortness of breath and respiratory distress. Particularly, the bilateral pleural effusion and related symptoms occurred one week after a total thyroidectomy with central and left lateral neck dissection. Intraoperative findings, management and literature review will be discussed.

Keywords: chylothorax, thyroid cancer, papillary, thyroidectomy, neck dissection, Case report; Oman.
Causal Relationship of Transverse Left Ventricular Band and Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Authors: Dubey Manoj Kumar , Mani Avinash , Ojha Vineeta
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common congenital lesion found in adults. It is can be seen in combination with a transverse left ventricular (LV) band. We aimed to find an essential relationship between the presence of transverse ventricular band and bicuspid aortic valve. Methods: 13 patients with transverse left ventricular band were investigated during a 6 month period from January 2019 to July 2019. LV band thickness and gradients at the site of the LV band were evaluated as part of its effect on LV hemodynamics. Morphology of aortic valve and LV outflow tract gradients were assessed. We aimed to establish the presence of robust LV band as a surrogate marker for bicuspid aortic valve and evaluate the effect of LV band on LV hemodynamics. Results: Mean age of study population was 41yrs. Majority had bicuspid aortic valve(n=11). Average thickness of transverse band was 6.2mm and average mean aortic gradient was4mmHg. Sequestration of blood was noted at the level of transverse band in all the patients with 2 separate jets at LVOT. Anterolateral jet was deflected from transverse band and showed higher velocity in comparison to the other jet, causing turbulence at the bicuspid aortic valve. No co-relation was found between the thickness of transverse band and aortic valve gradient. Conclusion: Presence of a robust transverse LV band can serve as a surrogate marker for bicuspid aortic valve.

Keywords: Bicuspid aortic valve ; aortic stenosis
Ixekizumab for patients with plaque psoriasis affected by multiple sclerosis
Authors: Herrera-Acosta Enrique , Martina Gustavo Guillermo Garriga , Suárez-Pérez Jorge Alonso , Martínez-García Eliseo Alejandro , Herrera-Ceballos Enrique
Published: April 2021

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that shares similar immunopathogenic mechanisms with chronic plaque psoriasis, such as the overexpression of the Th17 pathway. We report the case of a patient with multiple sclerosis and severe chronic plaque psoriasis successfully treated with ixekizumab (anti IL-17A and IL-17A/F monoclonal antibody). The treatment achieved a complete skin clearance (PASI 100 response) with no adverse events or evidence of progression of the neurological disease.

Keywords: Psoriasis; Ixekizumab; Multiple sclerosis