bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To shrink or not to shrink? Shadow economy reversals around the world
Authors: Biagetti Marco , Caram Santiago , Khorana Sangeeta
Published: July 2022

The relationship between shadow economy (SE) and development has been extensively researched. However, there is a lack of consensus on the factors that drive reversals. This paper examines the effect of SE reversals when government collections are affected to changes in productivity, business regulations and financial depth. To this end, drawing on González et.al. (2005; 2017) Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR), we examine the rationale of exclusion and escape theories in Advanced (AE) and Emerging and Developing Economies (EMD). Results show that at a macroeconomic level, both perspectives coexist simultaneously. In EMD, the optimal threshold for revenues hovers around 13.6% of GDP while in AE it equals 24%. The explanation for this is that institutional tensions lead to SE reversals when financial pressure is binding (e.g., more robust banking systems) facilitating the transactions in the formal channels and reducing the incentives for joining the SE. Conversely, when economies are above the critical tax level of revenues, financial pressure is binding and workers may voluntarily take part-time positions or jobs in units with lower required skills which explains the expansion of the SE. Evidently, the institutional has a direct effect over worker’s productivity with mixed effects over tax collection.
Due navi che si incrociano nella notte
Authors: Lovergine Saverio
Published: July 2022

Il processo decisionale basato sull’evidenza (evidence-based decision making) è uno sforzo contemporaneo per riformare le politiche al fine di dare priorità al processo decisionale basato sui dati (databased decision-making). Policy maker e accademici nel dibattito internazionale sono percepiti come appartenenti a comunità separate, con linguaggi, valori e sistemi di ricompensa distinti. L’analisi evidenzia sia alcuni segnali positivi di superamento del divario ricerca-prassi, sia quali università, accademie e istituzioni di ricerca influenzano le decisioni dei dirigenti pubblici italiani. EN: Evidence-based decision-making is a contemporary effort to reform policies in order to prioritise data-based decision-making. Policymakers and academics in many countries are perceived as belonging to separate communities, with distinct languages, values, and reward systems. This article aims to add construct in an empirical context by exploring the validity of the two communities. The analysis highlights some positive signs of overcoming the research-practice gap, and which universities, academic and non-academic institutions have an impact on public officials’ decisions.
Caracterización de la microcuenca hidrográfica Tena en el Oriente Ecuatoriano basada en análisis de percepciones y morfometría
Authors: Fonseca Silvana
Published: July 2022

El presente estudio se desarrolló un diagnóstico y caracterización morfométrica, física y socioeconómica de la microcuenca Tena, ubicada en la parroquia San Juan de Muyuna, cantón Tena, provincia de Napo. Se obtuvo la percepción sobre la calidad, cantidad y agua y el manejo de la microcuenca mediante una entrevista aplicada a actores involucrados. El análisis de percepciones permitió conocer el estado y problemática de la microcuenca relacionados con temáticas como el crecimiento poblacional, disposición inadecuada de los residuos sólidos, vertido de aguas residuales y contaminación del agua por residuos de pesticidas. Con estas observaciones se diseñó una propuesta orientada a la conservación y aprovechamiento sostenible por medio de varios programas que permitirán asegurar la provisión de agua.
Procuring in a pandemic: assessing the use of the EU Public Procurement Directives, the Joint Procurement Agreement and advance purchase agreements
Authors: McEvoy Emma
Published: July 2022

Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, public procurers have faced an uphill battle to secure urgently required medical countermeasures. Contracting authorities in the face of extreme urgency at the start of the pandemic relied heavily on emergency provisions to deactivate procedural requirements and conclude contracts on the basis of direct negotiation. Additional procurements were conducted at a European Union (EU) level, leveraging the buying power of member states to rapidly secure the acquisitions of medical equipment, medicines, vaccines, booster shots and more recently COVID-19 therapeutics. The article offers an analysis of the use of the negotiation procedures and the European coordinated efforts to conclude COVID-19-related contracts. As we optimistically move towards the final stages of the pandemic, this article argues that it is time to retire the use of emergency procurements. It contends that such emergency provisions are no longer available for use and procurers, if not already, must return to the use of fully transparent and competitive procurement procedures. Furthermore, it suggests that the EU should build on the success of the coordinated approach of competitive tendering and extend the use of the Joint Procurement Agreement to prepare for future cross-border health crises and acquire in-demand medical countermeasures.
On the compatibility of pandemic data-driven measures with the right to data protection: a review of ‘under-the-radar’ measures adopted in Ireland to contain COVID-19
Authors: Porcedda Maria-Grazia
Published: July 2022

This article reviews the compatibility of ‘under-the-radar’ data-driven measures adopted in Ireland to contain the COVID-19 pandemic with data protection law. Since data protection law implements and gives substance to the right to the protection of personal data enshrined in article 8 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the article reviews the compatibility of data-driven measures with the applicable law in light of the Charter. The measures reviewed – thermal scanner guns, health self-check forms, Statutory Instruments for contact logging and the Vaccine Information System – appear well-meaning but partly incompatible with the right to data protection. The analysis points to the difficulty of reconciling public health and data protection without a systematic data-processing strategy and concludes with recommendations for right-proofing data-driven measures in the guise of a blueprint strategy for processing personal data for present and future pandemic purposes.
Territorial approaches to a pandemic: a pathway to effective governance?
Authors: Dobbs Mary , Keenan Andrew
Published: July 2022

Pandemics, including COVID-19, highlight the issue of multilevel governance, where and how powers should be allocated, and the challenge of ensuring coherency. This issue comes clearly into focus in epidemiological units where internal jurisdictional boundaries exist, as in the case of the island of Ireland with the border between Northern Ireland/the United Kingdom and Ireland. This article evaluates the approaches to policy-making on the island of Ireland, and considers whether the two jurisdictions adequately addressed cross-border issues in light of the concept of subsidiarity. The core focus is on a COVID-19 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) agreed between Ireland and Northern Ireland in April 2020, with consideration also of proposals for a two-island approach. The article argues that subsidiarity would call for a centralised approach or at least substantial cooperation to facilitate effective policy implementation and coherency. The MOU reflects these ideas, through supporting substantial cooperation, but with some significant weaknesses that manifest in its implementation. Alternative issues arise when considering a potential two-island approach. Together, the MOU and the alternative of a two-island approach highlight that context is a crucial consideration for subsidiarity and evaluating the approaches to cross-border issues. It can make centralisation and substantial cooperation (and therefore coherency more generally) significantly more challenging and thereby also highlights the limits of subsidiarity.
International law for public health in aviation: the challenges of harmonisation
Authors: Speakman Elizabeth M , Cameron Mary , Grout Andrea
Published: July 2022

International laws for commercial aviation have achieved an exceptional degree of harmonisation and greatly improved passenger safety. Yet, despite much international guidance, enforceable laws for public health protection in aviation are mainly the responsibility of national authorities. As a result, public health laws may be incoherent, in conflict with other countries and/or based on disputed scientific evidence. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the responsibility of airlines and regulatory authorities to protect not only air passengers but also populations in destination countries. While the greatest risk to global public health is the potential spread of disease by infected passengers or vectors, lesser-known risks include food contamination, inadequate sanitary facilities and poor air quality within the cabin. In preparedness for inevitable future disease outbreaks and pandemics, an urgent review of international law as it applies to public health in commercial aviation is needed, with greater investment in scientific research to enable more accurate and effective risk assessment and management, supported by enforceable laws and clear responsibility.
Reflexiones sobre la formación de posgrado, y la consistencia entre los procesos y los objetivos de formación
Authors: Ungerfeld Rodolfo
Published: July 2022

In different countries, postgraduate training has evolved from focusing on training processes, to being a requirement for both advisors and students. The pressure from evaluating, accrediting and financing bodies focuses on quantitative results, downplaying the importance of evaluating the results of training, which should be the axis of any postgraduate program. The article proposes to rediscuss and redefine which are the processes that lead to better training according to the objectives that arise in postgraduate training and focus them on the training needs of each student. For this, it is necessary to place a very strong emphasis on the evaluation processes of those in charge of student training, and redesign training strategies that are adjusted, adequate and focused on the training processes of each student, and not on the requirements. bureaucratic. For this reason, some reflections are proposed on the objectives to be achieved with postgraduate training, both from the institutions and postgraduate programs as well as from the institutions that set evaluation criteria for postgraduate programs.
Influence of different feeding strategies on carcass and meat quality of grassfed cull cows
Authors: Lagomarsino Ximena , Cazzuli Fiorella , Font-i-Furnols Maria Maria , Luzardo Santiago , Montossi Fabio
Published: July 2022

Animal performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics of beef cull cows under different feeding strategies were evaluated. Cows were allotted to one of four direct grazing treatments combining different levels of forage allowance (FA) and supplementation rate (% of live body weight, BW) using rice bran (RB): T1= FA2%+RB0, T2= FA4%+RB0, T3= FA2%+RB0.8% and T4= FA2%+RB1.6%. Cows from T1 presented lower (P<0.05) slaughter weight (SW) than the other three treatments. Additionally, T1 presented lower weight (P<0.05) for rump and loin, striploin, sirloin, inside round and tri-tip, compared to T2, T3 and T4. Intramuscular fat (IMF), pH (48 h), Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF; aged for 7 or 21 days), lean colour, saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) concentrations did not differ among treatments (P>0.05). A strategic use of low RB supplementation rate grazing on an oats forage crop, improves both carcass and meat qualitry traits of cull cows, adding value and promoting healthy meat production for human consumption from grass-based production systems.
Avaliação de medidas corporais e testiculares em ovinos Dorper em diferentes idades
Authors: Fitaroni Lacerda Thaís , Freitas Rosa e Paula Carolina , Vallejos Natalia Mercedes , Quirino Celia Raquel
Published: July 2022

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as medidas corporais e testiculares de 18 machos Dorper puros de origem(PO) em diferentes idades no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A altura na cernelha, altura da garupa, comprimento corporal,perímetro torácico, escore de condição corporal (ECC), circunferãncia escrotal (CE), comprimento e largura dostestículos foram registrados aos 7, 12, 18 e 32 meses de idade. Os dados foram comparados em diferentes idades pormeio de uma análise de variância e as correlações entre as medidas foram calculadas. As medidas corporais dosDorper (PO) foram influenciadas pela idade (p < 0.05). A medida do CE apresentou alta correlação com o perímetrotorácico (0.85) e com o ECC (0.82). As medidas morfométricas e testiculares foram influenciadas pela idade dosanimais. A circunferência escrotal pode ser utilizada como critério de seleção para Dorper (PO), uma vez que asmedidas testiculares e corporais apresentaram correlações positivas.
Green Engineering Education in Environmental Engineering Programme through Active Learning
Authors: Jusoh Muhammad Noor Hazwan
Published: July 2022

Over the last few years, there has been considerable growth in incorporating sustainability and green engineering into construction industry development. The need to use resources efficiently while minimizing environmental consequences is becoming increasingly important in the industry; as a result, green engineering content is gaining traction in engineering curricula. assessment is a technique used to determine students’ understanding of what they have learned in class. The outcomes assessment results are part of a feedback loop in which academics are given information to help them improve their teaching and student learning. This paper talks about the different ways students can show what they've learned in the course Environmental Considerations in Construction.
Contexto histórico da participação comunitária como ferramenta de promoção da saúde no Brasil
Authors: Lima Angélica de Godoy Torres , Anjos Andreza Layanne Bezerra dos , Gomes Iago Vieira , Gouveia Neto José Rocha , Cabral Luciana da Rocha
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: discutir o papel da ação comunitária na melhora e nos determinantes sociais da saúde dentro do contexto histórico de desenvolvimento do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) desde sua criação em 1988. Método: estudo descritivo e reflexivo fundamentado numa base histórico-social acerca dos caminhos e marcos da participação da ação comunitária, seu desenvolvimento e contribuições, no contexto do SUS como parte do constructo da promoção da saúde dos brasileiros. Resultados e discussão: as redes sociais baseiam-se na interação de grupos com o ambiente os quais estão inseridos, auxiliando no enfrentamento das crises. Entende-se os movimentos sociais como ações sociopolíticas construídas por atores coletivos de diferentes estratos sociais, a fim de promover mobilização em larga escala, ao transferir um problema do nível pessoal para coletivo. A organização da comunidade promove um espaço de construção de saberes, expressados politicamente nas relações sociais e no empoderamento dos indivíduos. Conclusão: a organização comunitária permite a construção de reflexões críticas das experiências individuais e coletivas, a fim de desenvolver a autonomia e o empoderamento do sujeito frente às relações no âmbito da saúde.
Biometria e coloração de frutos de fava-d’anta como indicadores do momento de coleta
Authors: Costa Karoline Paulino , Ferreira Gabrielly Soares , Fonseca Francine Souza Alves da , Azevedo Alcinei Mistico , Figueiredo Lourdes Silva de , Martins Ernane Ronie
Published: July 2022

A rutina, flavonoide predominante nos frutos de fava-d´anta, apresenta ação protetora do sistema nervoso e de vasos capilares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre os parâmetros biométricos, coloração e o teor de rutina, para a determinação do ponto ótimo de coleta de frutos de D. mollis. Para determinar o ponto de coleta, foram feitas oito coletas ao longo do desenvolvimento dos frutos. Os frutos coletados foram avaliados em relação à biometria, coloração, teor de rutina e quercetina e presença de isoquercetina. O comprimento médio dos frutos (14,2 ± 2,1 cm) não variou entre as coletas, porém houve variação na massa seca (4,3 ± 2,9 g; 16,1 ± 6,1 g) e espessura (4,2 ± 1,4 mm; 8,8 ± 4,2 mm) entre a primeira e oitava coleta. Os frutos avaliados possuíam partes imaturas como predominantes. Os teores de rutina (13,8 ± 4,5%) e quercetina (0,013 ± 0,014) não variaram entre as coletas. O rendimento final de rutina (0,63 g) e quercetina (0,00059 g), na última coleta, foi maior que nas demais. A isoquercetina foi detectada em todas as amostras. Conclui-se que, para garantir maior rendimento de rutina, os frutos de fava-d´anta, devem ser coletados imaturos, mas com tons mais amarelados e com maior massa seca e espessura.
Disease Spectrum in COVID-19 Cohort with Travel History from Iran
Authors: Iftikhar Ayesha , Naseer Aeman , Sharif Ayesha , Riaz Gillani Yasir , Qazi Romena , Naseer Rizwan , Sultan Faisal
Published: July 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), declared as a pandemic in March 2020, is an acute respiratory tract illness caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) with clinical manifestations ranging from mild upper respiratory tract symptoms to severe pneumonia.
Objectives: To determine the disease spectrum of Covid-19 in a cohort with a travel history from Iran.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study with a retrospective collection of data was conducted at Agha Khan University, Karachi from 15th March to 19th April 2020. One hundred and fifty-five laboratory-confirmed cases of Covid-19 were recruited from a government quarantine facility. Data were obtained from the Punjab Emergency Services (Rescue 1122) database where a record of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases and quarantined persons is maintained. Study subjects with a travel history to Iran were contacted by telephone to obtain information about demographics, symptoms, and co-morbid conditions.  SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data. Frequencies and percentages were calculated.
Results: Among the returning travelers, 213 had laboratory-confirmed Covid-19, out of which 155 were included in this study. 56.1% were males with a mean age of 40 years. Among the study participants, 91.6% remained asymptomatic throughout the stay, while 8.4 % became symptomatic. 77.5% of the participants had received BCG vaccination in childhood. Among symptomatic cases 15.4% had asthma and 7.7% had hypertension. The most common clinical manifestation was cough which was present in 38.5% of the study participants. None died among the study participants.
Conclusion: A mild presentation of COVID-19 was seen in our study participants with 91.6% among them being asymptomatic, while 8.4% were symptomatic. There was a high positivity rate in males as compared to females.
Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Valsartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Compared to Valsartan and Amlodipine in Stage 2 Hypertension
Authors: Karim Abdul , Iqbal Sarwat , Ali Bhatti Shabbir , Abid Mujeeb-ur-Rehman , Iqbal Naveed , Ejaz Asad
Published: July 2022

Background: Hypertension is a growing medical and public health issue. The United States and European treatment guidelines have been issued to attain smooth control of hypertension in various categories of patients. It is a need of time to unveil safe combination therapies in various populations.
Objectives: (i) To determine the efficacy of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide versus valsartan and amlodipine (ii) To determine the safety and tolerability of both combinations.
Materials & Methods: This experimental study was conducted at Shalamar Hospital Lahore. 126 patients with stage 2 hypertension were recruited from the medical outdoor of Shalamar Hospital Lahore after getting informed consent. In group A, 63 patients were given valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide. In group B, 63 patients were given valsartan and amlodipine. Blood pressure (BP) of both study groups was recorded on day zero, 2nd, 4th, and 8th weeks and the readings were entered on a Proforma. The efficacy of drug combinations was accessed in both groups by recording the change in mean systolic blood pressure (MSBP) and mean diastolic blood pressure (MDBP). The safety and tolerability of the drug combinations were assessed in terms of side effects and laboratory findings.
Results: In group A, there was a 39±7mmzHg and 18±1mmHg decrease in MSBP and MDBP, respectively, from baseline BP. In group B, there was a 26.7±4mmHg and 14±2 mmHg decrease in MSBP and MDBP, respectively, from baseline BP. Both combinations were safe, and no significant difference in the efficacy of both combinations was observed after 8-week of treatment.
Conclusion: Both combinations are effective for control of BP, but the valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide combination (group A) appears to have better tolerability and greater effect in decreasing BP as compared to the combination of valsartan and amlodipine (group B), although this difference is not statistically significant.
Glucose Insulin Ratio in Hyper Insulinemic Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Jabbar Roohi , Hameed Maria , Tabassum Saima , Saeed Saboohi , Kazmi Tabinda , Rashid Shazia
Published: July 2022

Background: Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia that may play a key role in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
Objectives: To determine and compare glucose-insulin ratio in hyper-insulinemic women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome and healthy controls.
Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Lahore General Hospital. A total of 80 women 24-35 years of age were recruited from Lahore General Hospital. 50 women had PCOS, and 30 were healthy controls. PCOS was diagnosed by using the Rotterdam criteria. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured. Glucose and insulin were estimated by the glucose oxidase method and ELISA, respectively. HOMA-IR was calculated to determine insulin resistance (IR). HOMA- β was calculated to assess the β-cell function. Fasting glucose and insulin ratio were also calculated.
Results: Mean age of the women with PCOS and healthy controls was 29.89±3.54 and 28.60±1.12 years, respectively (p>0.54). BMI and waist circumference of women with PCOS were higher compared to healthy controls (p>0.45). Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA- β, and IR were significantly higher in women with PCOS compared to healthy controls (p<0.001).
Conclusion: In addition to HOMA IR, the glucose-insulin ratio may be considered to assess hyperinsulinemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Simpan Pinjam Modal UMKM dalam Rangka Pelayanan Usaha Mikro Kecil Mengengah pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Pemerintah Kota Tanjung Balai
Authors: Mailina Riri
Published: July 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Simpan Pinjam Modal UMKM Dalam Rangka Pelayanan Usaha Miro, Kecil dan Menengah  pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Pemerintah Kota Tanjung Balai. metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode/jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan analisis kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam proses pelaksanaan pemberian pelayanan simpan pinjam modal UMKM yang dilaksanakan oleh kantor Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Kota Tanjung Balai terhadap anggota simpan pinjam sudah dilaksanakan tepat waktu dan efektif, serta tidak pernah mengulur waktu dan tidak pernah berbelit-belit.
Kebijakan Pidana dalam Penanggulangan Pungutan Liar Pembuatan Kartu Tanda Penduduk oleh Oknum Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil (Studi di Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Asahan)
Authors: Keliat Chairunnisa
Published: July 2022

Which is the focus of the problem in this research are; What are the forms of liar levies carried out by persons in the Population and Civil Registry Service, how to regulate and enforce criminal law for perpetrators of illegal levies making Identity Cards at the Population and Civil Registry Service, as well as how to control agencies that are regulated against illegal levies Making Identity Cards at the Population and Civil Registry Service. So that it can be drawn, among others, from the penalties, among others, criminal sanctions for civil servants who are extortionists subject to criminal sanctions in the form of imprisonment and criminal fines in accordance with the provisions of Article 368, Articles 418, 423, and 425 of the Criminal Code, and there are also stipulated in Article 95B of the Law Population Administration Act. Law enforcement for perpetrators of extortion is regulated in Article 40, Article 52 and Article 53 of the Law on Public Services. Law enforcement starts from internal enforcement carried out by superiors or heads of offices, law enforcement in a lawsuit due to losses due to extortion, and finally law enforcement through criminal justice. Asahan Dukcapil, law enforcement can also be done by internal action, and the legal process can be submitted to the BKD. The countermeasures against the practice of extortion of ID cards in Dukcapil can be carried out by threatened agencies in monitoring and overcoming the practice of extortion of VAW based on Article 40 paragraph (1) and Article 6 and Article 7 paragraph (1) and (2) of the Law Public Services, Government efforts in terms of preparing messages related to extortion law enforcement.
Akibat Hukum Peralihan Hak Atas Tanah Milik Anak Tanpa Persetujuan Penetapan Perwalian dari Pengadilan (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Malang No. 217/Pdt.G/2017/PN.Mlg)
Authors: Yoanda Wendi
Published: July 2022

This study uses a statutory approach and a case approach. This type of juridical-normative research is descriptive analysis. Data sourced from secondary data. Data collection techniques using library research techniques with document study data collection tools (document study). Qualitative data analysis by drawing conclusions inductively. The results of the study indicate that: The legal arrangement for the transfer of rights to children's land is regulated in Article 393 of the Civil Code; The legal consequences of the transfer of land rights owned by children without consent the determination of the guardianship of children from the court caused the transfer of land rights to be legally flawed, so that it could be canceled; and transfer of children's rights to land without stipulation of guardianship of the child in Malang District Court Decision No. 217 there has been clear consideration and legal construction in accordance with applicable legal provisions.
Model Komunikasi Antarbudaya dalam mewujudkan Nilai-nilai Multikulturalisme melalui Kearifan Lokal Marjambar di Kelurahan Bunga Bondar Sipirok
Authors: Aulia Rezki , Ginting Rahmanita , Khairani Leylia
Published: July 2022

This study aims to analyze the intercultural communication model and the values of multiculturalism contained in the local wisdom of marjambar. Marjambar is a form of local wisdom in the Bunga Bondar sub-district which is carried out by the local community without any command from various parties, in its implementation, marjambar is carried out by distributing cookies typical of the local community during religious holidays, namely just before Hari Raya Eid al-Fitr performed by Muslims and one day before the New Year by Christians. To obtain the data used a qualitative descriptive research method, then in the data collection technique was done by interview, observation and documentation. The results of data collection show that the intercultural communication model occurs between communities of different ethnicities and religions. In realizing the values of multiculturalism, the community inherits a philosophy of life, "thick water is thicker and fraternal and we are one blood (alkot aek alkotan dope mudan and hitta dongan Samudar). So the conclusion is that the implementation of marjambar local wisdom reflects the value of cosmopolitan multiculturalism in it, the value of cosmopolitan multiculturalism is a value that reflects each free individual with cross-cultural lives or develops their respective cultural lives without intimidation and domination in them, so that this gives birth to a an attitude of caring between people who have different religions and ethnicities, which leads to an attitude of tolerance and harmony in society with different cultures.
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana terhadap Turut Serta melakukan Aborsi (Analisis Putusan Nomor: 252/Pid.B/2012/PN.Plp dan Putusan Nomor: 124/Pid.Sus/2014/PN.Liw)
Authors: Hamdani Surya
Published: July 2022

Based on positive law in Indonesia, the Criminal Code itself regulates abortion problems Article 299, Article 346 to Article 349, while Law No.36 of 2009 concerning Health regulates the problem of abortion Article 75 , 76, 77 and 194. In connection with the criminal act of inclusion regulated in Article 55 and Article 56 of the Criminal Code. Criminal responsibility for a criminal act of participating in abortion, in imposing a sentence the judge must fulfill a sense of justice for all parties, for that before imposing a verdict, the judge must pay attention to the aspect of justice. 252 / Pid.B / 2012 / PN.Plp, the author does not agree that the Judge decides with the Criminal Code, the author agrees with the Judge No. 124 / Pid.Sus / 2014 / PN.Liw, in which the Judge decided using Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health, because our country adheres to the principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali.
ANALISIS USAHA TAPE SINGKONG (Manihot utilisima) Studi Kasus: Desa Kolam Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang
Authors: Manik Juita Rahmadani , Br Kabeakan Nana Trisna Mei , Risnawati Risnawati , Lubis Efrida , Yusuf Mukhtar
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar pendapatan usaha Tape Singkong Desa Kolam Gang Tape Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang. mengkaji saluran pemasaran usaha Tape Singkong Desa Kolam Gang Tape Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Dan menganalisis kelayakan usaha Tape Singkong Desa Kolam Gang Tape Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Metode pengambilan sampel ini menggunakan metode sampling jenuh atau sensus. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah menggunakan analisis pendapatan, R/C, B/C, dan Analisis Deskriptif. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi tape singkong dengan bungkus plastik rata-rata 64kg/hari dengan harga Rp.8.000/kg. Sedangkan produksi tape singkong dengan bungkus daun rata-rata 655kg/hari dengan harga Rp. 400,00/bungkus. Penerimaan sebesar Rp 746.133,33/hari dengan rata-rata biaya produksi Rp. 358.526,22/hari dan pendapatannya sebesar Rp.387.607,11/ hari dalam satu kali produksi. Saluran pemasaran yang terdapat di Desa Kolam Gang Tape Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang hanya ada satu satu saluran yaitu pengusaha ke pengecer lalu ke konsumen.
Pola Komunikasi Antara Guru dengan Anak Autis dalam Proses Belajar Mengajar di SLB-C Syauqi Day Care Serdang Bedagai
Authors: Yenni Elvita , Anisa Risma Sri
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Pola Komunikasi Antara Guru Dengan Anak Autis Dalam Proses Belajar Mengajar Di SLB-C Syauqi Day Care Serdang Bedagai. Teori yang digunakan adalah Teori komunikasi interpersonal. Jenis penelitian yang diambil adalah deskriptif kualitatif.  Narasumber pada penelitian sebanyak 6 (enam) orang yang terdiri dari 3 (tiga) guru pengajar di SLB, 2 (dua) anak autis, serta 1 (satu) orang tua dari anak penderita autis. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa Pola Komunikasi Antara Guru Dengan Anak Autis Dalam Proses Belajar Mengajar Di SLB-C Syauqi Day Care Serdang Bedagai berjalan cukup baik, dimana peneliti menemukan bahwa SLB-C Syauqi Day Care menggunakan komunikasi interpersonal dalam berkomunikasi secara langsung dengan anak autis juga sebagai pendekatan pertama bagi guru untuk dapat berinteraksi dengan anak autis, dan metode ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis) atau terapi ABA digunakan guru SLB-C Syauqi Day Care dalam menekankan kepatuhan atau menumbuhkan rasa patuh, mengontrol masalah perilaku  terhadap anak-anak autis, serta menumbuhkan kemampuan bersosialisasi dengan lingkungan sekitar.
Sequencing of ca-int-l gene of Candida Spp. In infected urinary tract among Iraqi women
Authors: Kassid Lina Mohammed , Hamied Atyaf Saied
Published: July 2022

The most common nosocomial fungal infection in hospitals is urinary tract candidiasis. Candida albicans is the most prevalent cause of nosocomial fungal urinary tract infections, however Candida species distribution is changing rapidly. At the same time, the rise in urinary tract candidiasis has resulted in the emergence of antifungal-resistant Candida species. This study aimed to diagnose Candida Spp. In women with UTI and reveal the nucleotides sequences of CA-INT-L Gene to look for mutation within the gene. This study included 100 women patients suffering from urinary tract infections and vaginal swabs samples from those individuals were taken to identify the presence of Candida. They were between the ages of 22 and 67. Candida identification has been accomplished using a variety of chemical and microscopically techniques. 100 samples have been clinically diagnosed with Candida Spp. But only 62 of the samples were positive by Vitik. This number has also reduced to only 25 after using the PCR. The sequence of the CA-INT-L showed different variations within the gene of the isolates.
Association between socioeconomic status and motor development in early childhood
Authors: Salem Moataz Hamed , ElHadidy Eman Ibrahim , Salem Elham ElSayed
Published: July 2022

Background: Motor development in early childhood undergoes great maturation and refinements due to the huge contact and interaction with the environment. Socioeconomic status (SES) as an environmental factor can affect motor development in this age period. The aim of this study was to assess the relation between SES and motor development. Study Design: This study was an observational cross-sectional study and it conducted in nurseries and elementary schools at Cairo governorate, Egypt. Subjects & methods: Two hundreds and seventy six normal children from both sexes aged 4-7 years old participated in this study. Motor development was assessed by the short form of Bruininks-Oseretsky Test 2 of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2 SF). The SES scale was used to measure SES of children's families. IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science; IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) release 22 for Microsoft Windows was used for all statistical analyses. Results: The results of this study revealed non-significant association of SES and motor development (r = 0.106, p = 0.078).
Observation of role of orthofix limb reconstruction system in with non-union with bone loss shortening due to fresh fractures
Authors: Patra Gopabandhu , Soni Sahoo , Meher Bhanjan Kumar , Dhone Pravin G.
Published: July 2022

The nonunion can develop after an open fracture, after 1oUs open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), or as a sequela to chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis. The incidence also seems to be increasing especially in view of increasing high velocity trauma, which is usually treated by internal fixation. It is difficult to treat infected nonunion, because of the following reasons. Aim of the study is to observe the role of Orthofix limb reconstruction system as a treatment in non-union with bone loss with shortening due to fresh fractures. In the last twenty-five months we had the opportunity to treat thirteen cases of non-union and two cases of shortening With Limb reconstruction system. Out of thirteen patients eight patients had infected nonunion following open fracture and three patients had infected nonunion following previous surgeries with internal fixation for closed fractures and two patients had nonunion following treatment with traditional bone setters for closed fractures. Our follow up of cases varied from six to fifteen months. The results were divided into bony results and functional results, according to the classification of the ASAMI (Association for the study and application of the method of Ilizarov).
Prevalence of smoking and its complications among Iraqi people
Authors: Fadheel Qayssar Joudah , Naser Rana Talib , Mohsin Salah Yousif
Published: July 2022

Smoking is a condition in which a material is burned and the resulting smoke inhaled in to be tasted and absorbed into the circulation. Smoking and its complications are prevalent throughout the world but are most common in the Asia continent. The greatest rise in prevalence is, however, happening in middle and low-income countries including in Africa and Asia. Objective: To assess the prevalence of smoking and its complication among people in Iraq.

Materials and Methods This is a randomized prospective clinical study, carried out in Al-Hakeem Hospital, Al-Sadr Medical city, and the Emergency Department. This study started in January 2021 and lasts for 4 months, was approved by the medical ethical community at the University of Kufa. The data was collected from the patient based on specific questionnaires.  A sample of 60 cases in Al-Najaf governorate was chosen randomly from varying places where interview according to specialize questionnaire that included: age, sex, cigarette smoking per day, duration of smoking, complications that occur due to smoking. Results The prevalence of smoking complications was within the range of that reported in Iraq. A significant difference was founded between some smoking complications.
Prevalence and determinants of childhood maltreatment among adults attending primary healthcare centers, Jeddah, Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia, 2022
Authors: Elahi Ibrahim Rashad Noor , Jadidi Alaa Shawkat
Published: July 2022

Background: Childhood maltreatment is the abuse and neglect that occurs to children under 18 years old. The most common types are physical, emotional, sexual abuse, and neglect. This study aims to assess the childhood maltreatment prevalence in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and to define the factors contributing to it. Objectives are to study the prevalence, the types of childhood maltreatment, and the association between determinants and childhood maltreatment among adults visiting Primary Health Care in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study design is analytical and cross-sectional. The calculated sample size under study is 384 participants, collected through multi-stage random sampling. The tool used in the study is a modified Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.Chi-Square, and Multiple Logistic Regression are the tests of choice. Results: The overall childhood maltreatment prevalence was 79.7%, (95% CI: 75.34% to 83.43%). 45.4% had reported emotional abuse, 36.7% reported physical abuse, 65% emotional neglect, and 25.3% physical neglect. 100% of participants who were raised by fathers alone and who were raised by a relative, not a parent, reported being maltreated, p-value=0.004.
Almost self-injective semimodules
Authors: Aljebory Khitam S. H. , Alhossaini Assad M. A.
Published: July 2022

A New generalization of injective semimodule has been presented in this working paper. An Ȑ-semimodule Ӎ is called almost self-injective, if Ӎ is almost Ӎ-injective semimodule. Some properties of this notion have been presented. The relationship of this concept to some concepts has also been clarified as End (Ȑ) of indecomposable almost self-injective semimodules, Rad (Ȑ) also some related notions of it have been studied.
Bacterial co-infection in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia induce to release TNF-a
Authors: Ali Zaid Derbi , Mohsin Muslim Idan
Published: July 2022

The aim of study:  to investigate which bacteria are the most common pathogen associated with COVID-19, and to investigate if the TNF-alpha cytokines at gene and protein levels is changed not only with Klebsiella infection but also change with the COVID-19 infection, using real-time qPCR and ELIZA method. Methodology: 145 specimens of sputum and blood were collected from different hospitals in Al-Najaf city to isolate Klebsiella pneumonia associated COVID-19 infection, and only COVID-19 during 4 months from 24st September 2021 to 24th January 2022). 10 ml of fresh venous blood samples were collected from COVID-19 infected patients for serological and immunological assay for measuring the levels of TNF-a at mRNA and protein levels. The results: We report 150 cases of a different-aged who presented with worsening shortness of breath in the context of COVID-19 complicated by Klebsiella pneumoniae var pneumonia. These case serves to highlight the possibility of bacterial superinfections. The present study has tested whether Klebsiella pneumoniae and COVID-19 is colonized in the lower respiratory tract of patients who were admitted in hospital with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Analysis of serum metal ion levels in dental implant patients
Authors: Saini Ravinder Singh , Kaur Kanwalpreet
Published: July 2022

Background: Dental implants have been widely used for the replacement of missing teeth in fully and partially edentulous patients. Titanium (Ti) has been the material of choice for dental implants due to its superior corrosion resistance behaviour and desirable mechanical properties. Hence; the present study was undertaken for assessing the serum metal ion levels in Dental Implant Patients. Materials & methods: A total of 20 subjects with missing mandibular first molar and scheduled for prosthetic rehabilitation for same using dental implant therapy were enrolled. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and sent to laboratory where auto-analyser was used for evaluation of metal ions levels. All the dental implant procedures were carried out under the hands of skilled implantologists. After placement of dental implants, blood samples were obtained at 8 weeks and 6 months follow-up. Metal ions were assessed at subsequent follow-ups. All the results were analysed by SPSS software. Results: Mean serum titanium concentration at baseline, 8 weeks and 6 months was fond to be 2.39 mg/dL, 2.35 mg/dL and 2.38 mg/dL respectively. Mean serum aluminium concentration at baseline, 8 weeks and 6 months was fond to be 4.19 mg/dL, 4.16 mg/dL and 4.18 mg/dL respectively.
Synthesis, characterization of new 3-Chloro-Azetidine-2-One and 1, 3-thiazinan-4-one derivatives from di imines
Authors: Fadhil Tamarah A. , AL-Hiti Waleed Faraj
Published: July 2022

The study Included synthesis of some new Derivatives of (benzylideneamino)-3-chloro-4-phenylazetidin-2-one and 3-(3-chloro-2-oxo-4-phenylazetidin-1-yl)-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazinan-4-one by tow steps; The first include amino group of the di amino was condensed with different aromatic aldehydes in the presence of absolute ethanol to give new Schiff bases derivatives [1– 3] respectively. The second step , the resulting imines derivatives [1 – 3] were reacted with chloro acetyl chloride in presence of triethylamine in dry benzene by per cyclic reaction to give novel 3-(3-chloro-2-oxo-4-phenylazetidin-1-yl) derivatives (A1-A3  ) and reacted with  3- mercapto propanoic acid with  (Schiff-base) in dry benzene to give1,3-thiazinan-4-one derivative's(Z1-Z9) The composites prepared were described by melting point .Most of these derivatives were confirmed by "FT-IR, 1HNMR spectra.
Effect of ultrasound fat cavitation versus faradic stimulation on abdominal adiposity during postnatal period section
Authors: Siam Marwa Hamdy Mohammed , Elkosery Soheir Mahmoud , Abohashim Mohamed Fathy , Mohamed Dina Mahmoud Aleshmawy
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: This study examines the effects of ultrasonic fat cavitation versus faradic stimulation on postnatal abdominal obesity. Subjects and Methods: It was a randomized controlled trial. Overall, 40 patients complaining of abdominal adiposity postnatal, aged 25-35 years, were randomized into two equal groups. The control group (A) received sessions of abdominal ultrasonic cavitation treatment three times per week with a frequency of 40 kHz, a power of 45 W, and a duration of 30 minutes, in addition to a balanced diet programme consisting of between 1000kcal and 1200kcal per day for six weeks. The study group (B) received faradic stimulation treatment sessions focusing on their abdomen area three times per week with a duration of 30 minutes, in addition to a healthy diet plan which ranged from 1000kcal to 1200kcal/day for six weeks. Tape measurement was used to assess waist circumference; a digital calliper was used to determine fat thickness, while body analysis was used to evaluate fat percentage in both groups before and after the treatment.
Efficacy of side lying traction versus supine lying traction in treatment of lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Naguib Peter Ramzy , Elsayaad Mohsen Mohammed , Mohamed Hassan Hussein , Lasheen Yasser Ramzy
Published: July 2022

Objective: To investigate the effect of side lying lumbar traction and Supine lumbar traction in treatment of Lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Design: Two Experimental design Pretest – Posttest control group. Subjects: Forty-seven patients of LDH with unilateral sciatica randomly assigned into side lying traction group, supine lying traction group, and control group. Intervention: control group received conventional physical therapy (hot pack- lumbar strengthening exercise and stretching exercise). Side lying group received side lying traction beside conventional physical therapy and supine lying traction group received supine lying traction beside conventional physical therapy. The treatment was 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Outcome measurement: The patients were evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for (back – leg) pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), H reflex Latency, L4/L5, L5/S1 herniated disc index.  The evaluation was before and after intervention. Results: There was statistically significant difference for side lying traction in VAS (back-leg), ODI score and L5/S1 disc index after 12 weeks of treatment (p > 0.05). There was statistically significant difference for both traction groups in L4/L5 disc index. There wasn’t statistically significant among three groups in H reflex latency.
effect of the (T-shape) strategy on the achievement of chemistry for second-grade intermediate students
Authors: Ramah Yasmine Abed , Jalil Wasan Maher
Published: July 2022

The research aims to know the effect of the strategy (T-shape) on the academic achievement of chemistry for second year middle school students. To achieve the goal of the research, the following null hypothesis was formulated: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study according to the T-shape strategy and the average scores of the control group students who study according to the usual method in the academic achievement test for chemistry.  The researcher adopted the experimental research method, which is represented by designing the post-test with partial control for two independent equal groups. Al-Khalidiya for girls (by lottery method), then two divisions of the second intermediate class were chosen randomly (by lottery method) to represent the (B) division of the experimental group that was studied according to the strategy (T-shape), and Division (C) the control group that was studied according to the usual method If the research sample reached (60) students, with (30) students for each group, and parity was made between the two groups in some variables that could affect the results of the research by participating with the independent variable.