bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Follow-Up of PRRSv-Vaccinated Piglets Born from PRRSv-Vaccinated, ELISA-Seropositive and ELISA-Seronegative Sows
Authors: Fiers Jorian , Tignon Marylène , Maes Dominiek , Cay Ann-Brigitte
Published: February 2023

Vaccination against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) is widely used to prevent production losses in the swine industry. In this study, piglets born from both PRRSv-vaccinated ELISA-seropositive sows (E+ piglets) and PRRSv-vaccinated ELISA-seronegative sows (E− piglets) were followed-up pre-vaccination, 3 weeks post-vaccination (wpv) and 8 wpv in two Belgian farrow-to-finish herds. The aim of the study was to analyze the presence of PRRSv-specific maternally-derived antibodies (MDAs) and the PRRSv vaccine response in both groups of piglets. The E− piglets lacked the presence of PRRSv-specific MDAs (0% seropositive), while these were present in the E+ piglets (97% seropositive). Due to this, the E− piglets showed a strong initial vaccine response (72–80% seroconversion) and vaccine viremia (65–75% PCR positive) at 3 wpv. In contrast, the E+ piglets showed only limited initial vaccine responses (25–61% with increased ELISA values) and vaccine viremia (30–31% PCR positive) at 3 wpv. By 8 wpv, the proportion of seropositive E− piglets (78–100%) and seropositive E+ piglets (55–90%) increased in both herds. However, a difference in vaccine viremia duration was observed between both herds at 8 wpv, with a decrease in the proportion of PCR positive piglets in herd 1 (E−: 47%; E+: 25%) and an increase in the proportion of PCR positive piglets in herd 2 (E−: 85%; E+: 92%). This study identified clear differences in the presence of PRRSv-specific maternally-derived antibodies and PRRSv vaccine responses between E− and E+ piglets. Further research is warranted to elicit the biological relevance of these observed differences.
Structural and Immunoreactivity Properties of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein upon the Development of an Inactivated Vaccine
Authors: Kordyukova Larisa V. , Moiseenko Andrey V. , Serebryakova Marina V. , Shuklina Marina A. , Sergeeva Maria V. , Lioznov Dmitry A. , Shanko Andrei V.
Published: February 2023

Inactivated vaccines are promising tools for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. We applied several protocols for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation (by β-propiolactone, formaldehyde, and UV radiation) and examined the morphology of viral spikes, protein composition of the preparations, and their immunoreactivity in ELISA using two panels of sera collected from convalescents and people vaccinated by Sputnik V. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allowed us to distinguish wider flail-like spikes (supposedly the S-protein’s pre-fusion conformation) from narrower needle-like ones (the post-fusion state). While the flails were present in all preparations studied, the needles were highly abundant in the β-propiolactone-inactivated samples only. Structural proteins S, N, and M of SARS-CoV-2 were detected via mass spectrometry. Formaldehyde and UV-inactivated samples demonstrated the highest affinity/immunoreactivity against the convalescent sera, while β-propiolactone (1:2000, 36 h) and UV-inactivated ones were more active against the sera of people vaccinated with Sputnik V. A higher concentration of β-propiolactone (1:1000, 2 h) led to a loss of antigenic affinity for both serum panels. Thus, although we did not analyze native SARS-CoV-2 for biosafety reasons, our comparative approach helped to exclude some destructive inactivation conditions and select suitable variants for future animal research. We believe that TEM is a valuable tool for inactivated COVID-19 vaccine quality control during the downstream manufacturing process.
How Estrogen, Testosterone, and Sex Differences Influence Serum Immunoglobulin Isotype Patterns in Mice and Humans
Authors: Surman Sherri L. , Jones Bart G. , Penkert Rhiannon R. , Sealy Robert E. , Marion Tony , Thomas Paul G. , Neale Geoffrey , Xu Beisi , Hurwitz Julia L.
Published: February 2023

Females often exhibit superior immune responses compared to males toward vaccines and pathogens such as influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2. To help explain these differences, we first studied serum immunoglobulin isotype patterns in C57BL/6 male and female mice. We focused on IgG2b, an isotype that lends to virus control and that has been previously shown to be elevated in murine females compared to males. Improvements in IgG2b serum levels, and/or IgG2b ratios with other non-IgM isotypes, were observed when: (i) wildtype (WT) female mice were compared to estrogen receptor knockout mice (IgG2b, IgG2b/IgG3, IgG2b/IgG1, and IgG2b/IgA were all higher in WT mice), (ii) unmanipulated female mice were compared to ovariectomized mice (IgG2b/IgA was higher in unmanipulated animals), (iii) female mice were supplemented with estrogen in the context of an inflammatory insult (IgG2b and IgG2b/IgG3 were improved by estrogen supplementation), and (iv) male mice were supplemented with testosterone, a hormone that can convert to estrogen in vivo (IgG2b, IgG2b/IgG3, IgG2b/IgG1, and IgG2b/IgA were all improved by supplementation). We next examined data from three sets of previously described male and female human blood samples. In each case, there were higher IgG2 levels, and/or ratios of IgG2 with non-IgM isotypes, in human females compared to males. The effects of sex and sex hormones in the mouse and human studies were subtle, but frequent, suggesting that sex hormones represent only a fraction of the factors that influence isotype patterns. Examination of the gene loci suggested that upregulation of murine IgG2b or human IgG2 could be mediated by estrogen receptor binding to estrogen response elements and cytosine-adenine (CA) repeats upstream of respective Cγ genes. Given that murine IgG2b and human IgG2 lend to virus control, the isotype biases in females may be sufficient to improve outcomes following vaccination or infection. Future attention to sex hormone levels, and consequent immunoglobulin isotype patterns, in clinical trials are encouraged to support the optimization of vaccine and drug products for male and female hosts.
Hesitancy to Receive the Second COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose among Older Adults in Hong Kong: A Random Telephone Survey
Authors: Chan Paul Shing-fong , Lee Marco Lok-tin , Fang Yuan , Yu Fuk-yuen , Ye Danhua , Chen Siyu , Kawuki Joseph , Liang Xue , Wang Zixin
Published: February 2023

A second COVID-19 vaccine booster dose is effective and safe for older adults. This study investigated hesitancy to take up a second COVID-19 vaccine booster dose and its determinants among older adults in Hong Kong. Participants were Chinese-speaking community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or above. Telephone numbers were randomly selected from up-to-date telephone directories. A total of 370 participants completed the telephone survey. Logistic regression models were fitted for data analysis. Among the participants, half (52.4%) were hesitant to receive the second COVID-19 vaccine booster dose. After adjustment for significant background characteristics, perceived benefits (AOR: 0.50, 95%CI: 0.42, 0.60), cues to action (AOR: 0.39, 95%CI: 0.30, 0.52), and perceived self-efficacy (AOR: 0.37, 95%CI: 0.21, 0.66) of receiving the second booster dose were associated with lower vaccine hesitancy. Perceived barriers (AOR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.34) and vaccine fatigue (tired of receiving repeated COVID-19 vaccination) (AOR: 1.90, 95%CI: 1.52, 2.38) were associated with higher vaccine hesitancy. Level of hesitancy to receive the second booster dose was high among older adults in Hong Kong. Health authorities should address vaccine fatigue and modify perceptions related to the second booster dose.
Abundance, Distribution Patterns, and the Contribution of Transparent Exopolymer Particles and Dissolved Acidic Polysaccharides to Organic Carbon in Lake Taihu, China
Authors: Liu Lizhen , Huang Qi , Zhou Jian , Qin Boqiang
Published: February 2023

Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) are essential for the carbon cycle in aquatic environments. However, the distribution of TEP, its precursor, and the contribution to the organic carbon pool in the large freshwater lake remain inadequately understood. Here, we focused on the spatial distribution of TEP and dissolved acidic polysaccharides (dAPS) in four typical seasons in Lake Taihu, the third-largest lake in China. TEP concentrations in Lake Taihu ranged from 0.05 to 5.19 mg Xeq/L, with a mean value of 1.31 ± 1.08 mg Xeq/L. The concentration of dAPS in the lake averaged 3.7 ± 2.19 mg Xeq/L (range, 0.19–13.12 mg Xeq/L). Higher content of TEP and dAPS was found in summer, and their distributions appeared to be influenced by the cyanobacterial blooms, as they showed significant correlations with chlorophyll-a content in Lake Taihu in summer. In addition, TEP accounted for an average of 24.3% of particulate organic carbon, and dAPS represented 25.9% of dissolved organic carbon. These results provide valuable insights into the contribution of TEP to organic carbon pools in inland waters and highlight the role of TEP in the carbon cycling of large freshwater lakes.
Dynamic Control of Yearly Drawdown Level of Overyear Regulation Reservoir in Cascade System
Authors: Chang Zongye , Jiang Zhiqiang , Yuan Xiaohui
Published: February 2023

Based on the joint scheduling model of cascade reservoirs and a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm, this paper studies the optimal control of the yearly drawdown level of an overyear regulation reservoir considering the influence of inflow uncertainty. An innovative dynamic control method has been put forward, and the corresponding technical route is provided. In case study, the seven reservoirs of the Yalong River are used as the research object, the proposed dynamic control method is verified by a detailed case study, and yearly drawdown level dynamic control bounds of the Lianghekou reservoir under two inflow series are constructed. Based on a long series of historical inflows, the simulation calculation and detailed comparative analysis are carried out. It is found that the dynamic control bound constructed by the selected inflow series has little impact on the fluctuation of scheduling results and can well cope with the impact of inflow uncertainty on the scheduling results. In addition, compared with the traditional fixed-yearly-drawdown-level control mode, the proposed dynamic control method can consider the interannual difference of inflow, which can increase the total power generation of the cascade system by more than 94 billion kWh at maximum and realize 63.4%~76.3% of the benefits of the lifting space of yearly drawdown level optimization.
First Comprehensive Analysis of Potential Ecological Risk and Factors Influencing Heavy Metals Binding in Sewage Sludge from WWTPs Using the Ultrasonic Disintegration Process
Authors: Tytła Malwina , Widziewicz-Rzońca Kamila , Kernert Joanna , Bernaś Zuzanna , Słaby Krzysztof
Published: February 2023

In this study, the occurrence, fractionation, and potential ecological risk associated with seven heavy metals (HMs), i.e., Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg in sewage sludge (SS) were investigated. The main aim of the study was to conduct the first comprehensive analysis of the potential ecological risk of HMs in SS collected from two municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using ultrasonic disintegration (UD) of thickened excess sludge aimed at improving the effects of anaerobic digestion (AD). In order to assess the level of potential ecological risk, two groups of indices related to the total content of HMs and their chemical forms were used. For this purpose, a modified BCR sequential extraction was conducted. The obtained results revealed that according to the values of total indices, the highest potential ecological risk was posed by Cd, Cu and Zn (and to a lesser extent by Ni and Cr), while in relation to speciation indices by Ni, Zn, Cd (and in some cases by Cr). In general, the highest risk was indicated at the beginning (primary and excess SS) and the two final stages of sludge processing (digested and dewatered SS). This means that the level of ecological risk may strongly depend on the processes used in WWTPs and especially on AD, dehydration and the activated sludge process, as well as on the characteristics of raw wastewater. The results of the statistical analysis and balance sheets revealed that the key factors which may influence the way that HMs bind in SS are: pH, TOC, OM and Eh. The obtained results showed that UD does not cause any significant changes in the total HMs concentrations in SS, and their release into supernatant in the mobile forms. This proves that UD is a safe and environmentally friendly method of sewage sludge pretreatment.
Decision Support for Lake Restoration: A Case Study in Swedish Freshwater Bodies
Authors: Sellergren Maja , Li Jing , Drakare Stina , Thöns Sebastian
Published: February 2023

A considerable number of lakes in Sweden have high phosphorus internal loading from the sediments which cause cyanobacterial blooms every summer. Due to potential risks with such blooms for human health, drinking water supply, and ecosystem services, measures need to be taken to control the phosphorus content. Measures to control the phosphorus input from the surrounding land has been in focus. However, the measures have not been sufficient. This is because phosphorus deposited at the bottom of the lakes for many years are finally starting to leak to the water phase when the decomposition of sediments leads to anoxic conditions. In order to determine effective and efficient lake restoration measures, methods for lake restoration decision support by a multi-criteria analysis and the application of a decision analysis are developed. The multi-criteria analysis includes the determination of costs, longevity, and efficacy of six common lake restoration measures to reduce internal phosphorous loads in two lakes selected as a case study. The results show that aluminum treatment combines a highest efficacy with a high-cost efficiency being thus the optimal identified measure. The method involves adding an aluminum solution to the lakes’ sediment, which binds phosphorus, preventing it to be released to the water column. The multi-criteria model is integrated to a decision analytical model. The decision analytical model is used to identify the monetary socio-economic and environmental boundaries for the implementation of the optimal lake restoration measure.
Cost-Effective Preparation of Gold Tailing-Based Aerogels for Efficient Adsorption of Copper Ions from Wastewater
Authors: Wang Yingjie , Cui Kaibin , Bai Jiaxuan , Fang Baizeng , Wang Fei
Published: February 2023

Water pollution caused by heavy metal ions has attracted worldwide attention. In this work, gold tailings were used as raw materials and the sol–gel method combined with the atmospheric pressure drying method were used to achieve the low-cost preparation of a silica aerogel. (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-2Na), and chitosan were used to modify the silica aerogel, which was then used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of copper ions in wastewater. The adsorbent type, adsorption time, copper ion concentration, and pH value were investigated as variables to explore the best adsorption conditions. The adsorption mechanism was also elaborated on. The crystal structure, surface morphology, surface functional groups, chemical composition, and specific surface area of the aerogels and the modified aerogels were characterized by various physiochemical characterizations such as XRD, SEM, FT-IR, XRF, and BET. The results showed that the prepared silica aerogel contained 91.1% SiO2, mainly amorphous SiO2, and amino and carboxyl groups. Other functional groups were successfully grafted onto the silica aerogels. The original silica aerogels and modified silica aerogels had a large specific surface area, total pore volume, and pore diameter. When copper ions were adsorbed by the chitosan-modified silica aerogels, the adsorption capacity of the copper ions was the highest (33.51 mg/g) under the conditions of a copper ion concentration of 100 mg/L, a pH value of 7, and an adsorption time of 2 h. The adsorption of Cu2+ was mainly due to the ion exchange and electrostatic gravity.
A Hydrological Data Prediction Model Based on LSTM with Attention Mechanism
Authors: Dai Zhihui , Zhang Ming , Nedjah Nadia , Xu Dong , Ye Feng
Published: February 2023

With the rapid development of IoT, big data and artificial intelligence, the research and application of data-driven hydrological models are increasing. However, when conducting time series analysis, many prediction models are often directly based on the following assumptions: hydrologic time series are normal, homogeneous, smooth and non-trending, which are not always all true. To address the related issues, a solution for short-term hydrological forecasting is proposed. Firstly, a feature test is conducted to verify whether the hydrological time series are normal, homogeneous, smooth and non-trending; secondly, a sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq)-based short-term water level prediction model (LSTM-seq2seq) is proposed to improve the accuracy of hydrological prediction. The model uses a long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) as an encoding layer to encode the historical flow sequence into a context vector, and another LSTM as a decoding layer to decode the context vector in order to predict the target runoff, by superimposing on the attention mechanism, aiming at improving the prediction accuracy. Using the experimental data regarding the water level of the Chu River, the model is compared to other models based on the analysis of normality, smoothness, homogeneity and trending of different water level data. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the proposed model is greater than that of the data set without these characteristics for the data set with normality, smoothness, homogeneity and trend. Flow data at Runcheng, Wuzhi, Baima Temple, Longmen Town, Dongwan, Lu’s and Tongguan are used as input data sets to train and evaluate the model. Metrics RMSE and NSE are used to evaluate the prediction accuracy and convergence speed of the model. The results show that the prediction accuracy of LSTM-seq2seq and LSTM-BP models is higher than other models. Furthermore, the convergence process of the LSTM-seq2seq model is the fastest among the compared models.
Sorption Behavior and Prediction of Tetracycline on Sediments from the Yangtze Estuary and Its Coastal Areas
Authors: Chen Haiying , Zheng Wenfang , Zhang Fei , Li Wenxi , Shen Xiaoming , Huang Haibo , Shi Lei , Shi Rui , Zhang Shuai , Lu Ming
Published: February 2023

Sediments represent the major sink of antibiotics in aquatic systems. However, few studies have proposed effective models that can predict the adsorption capacity of sediments through their physicochemical parameters. Here, 49 sediment samples were collected from different locations in the Yangtze Estuary and its adjacent coastal areas. The sediments were characterized, and their adsorption behavior towards tetracycline (TC) was investigated. It was found that both the Langmuir and Freundlich models fit the TC adsorption data well, and the sediments in the mud area showed the highest adsorption capacity. Subsequently, through correlation analysis for the adsorption coefficients and physicochemical parameters of sediments, 11 models were established to predict the adsorption coefficients (Kd), in which clay and cation exchange capacity played significant roles. When the salinity was increased from 0 to 32.79‰, the Freundlich adsorption coefficient (Kf) of TC for most sediments was reduced by more than75% (except sediment C6). Therefore, the methods provided herein can be helpful in predicting the sorption behavior of antibiotics with similar structures toward TC by sediments in this region.
Research Hotspots and Frontiers of Mountain Flood Disaster: Bibliometric and Visual Analysis
Authors: Liu Zhengquan , Yang Zhiquan , Chen Mao , Xu Hanhua , Yang Yi , Zhang Jie , Wu Qi , Wang Miaomiao , Song Zhao , Ding Fanshu
Published: February 2023

In the context of climate change, enhanced human activities and ecological changes, the danger level for mountain floods has increased significantly, posing direct or potential hazards to local residents. To determine the current status, focus and trends in mountain flood research, in this study, we visualize the number of publications and citations, the countries and institutions engaged in research, co-citations and key literature, keyword categories and research areas, using keyword timeline analysis and burst detection based on the bibliometric software CiteSpace and VOSviewer and the Web of Sciences core collection database. The results show that the total number of publications and citations in the mountain flood field has experienced rapid growth to date. The United States, China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland are the main countries driving the development of the field. The field is of great interest within multiple disciplinary categories and is characterized by multiple research hotspots, multiple research objectives, and cross-fertilization of multiple disciplinary categories. Analysis of the keyword timeline network and highlighted words show that disaster risk evaluation based on remote-sensing technology, the alpine region of the Himalayas, the response mechanisms of heavy rainfall to mountain floods, and the construction of hydrological models, will be research hotspots in the future.
Predicting Higher Heating Value of Sewage Sludges via Artificial Neural Network Based on Proximate and Ultimate Analyses
Authors: Yang Xuanyao , Li He , Wang Yizhuo , Qu Linyan
Published: February 2023

The higher heating value (HHV) was an important factor for measuring the energy recovery price of sewage sludge, which was commonly determined by oxygen bomb calorimeter; however, there were problems of time consuming and high measurement cost. In this study, a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model based on proximate and ultimate combination analysis was developed to predict the HHV of sewage sludge and the accuracy of the model was illustrated using statistical analysis. The results showed that the BPNN model had good accuracy, with a regression coefficient of 0.979 and 0.975 for the training and test groups, respectively. Several previously proposed linear models for predicting the HHV of sewage sludge were selected for comparison. The results showed that the BPNN model was the best among all models with the highest regression coefficient (0.975) and the lowest mean absolute deviation (0.385).
Unsaturated Zone: Advances in Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Authors: Caputo Maria Clementina
Published: February 2023

The unsaturated zone has a crucial role in subsurface processes that, in turn, impact soil moisture, groundwater quality and quantity, and ecosystem function [...]
A Machine Learning Approach for Identification of Low-Head Dams
Authors: Vinay Salvador , Hotchkiss Rollin H. , Ramirez Saul
Published: February 2023

Identifying low-head dams (LHDs) and creating an inventory is a priority, as fatalities continue to occur at these structures. Because obstruction inventories do not specifically identify LHDs and they are not assigned a hazard classification, there is no official inventory of LHDs; a multi-agency taskforce is creating one now by identifying LHDs using Google Earth Pro (GE Pro). The purpose of this paper is to assess whether a machine learning approach can accelerate the creation of the national inventory. We implemented a machine learning approach to use a high-resolution remote sensing data with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture. The model achieved 76% accuracy in identifying LHDs (true positives) and 95% accuracy identifying Non-low-head-dams (true negatives) on the validation set. We deployed the trained model for the National Hydrologic Geospatial Fabric (Hydrofabric) flowlines in the Provo River watershed. The results showed a high number of false positives and low accuracy due to the mismatch between Hydrofabric flowlines and actual waterways. We recommend improving the accuracies of the Hydrofabric waterway tracing algorithms to increase the percentage of correctly classified LHDs.
Study on Phase Characteristics of Wind Pressure Fields around a Prism Using Complex Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
Authors: Murakami Tomoyuki , Nishida Yuichiro , Taniguchi Tetsuro
Published: February 2023

Wind loads for the design of wind-resistant high-rise buildings are generally evaluated based on spectral modal analysis or time-history response analysis using wind pressure data obtained from wind tunnel experiments with rigid models. The characteristics of the fluctuating wind pressures around vibrating buildings must be evaluated for relevant wind-resistant designs because the wind pressures around buildings are affected by their vibrations. One of the methods to investigate fluctuating fields is complex proper orthogonal decomposition (CPOD), which can express complicated pressure fields, including advection phenomena, as coherent structures. This paper presents the phase characteristics of fluctuating wind pressures around rigid and elastic models of a square-sectioned prism evaluated via CPOD analysis using the results of wind tunnel experiments. The evaluation procedure for the symmetricity of the fluctuating wind pressure modes obtained via CPOD is presented. The similarity of fluctuating wind pressure fields is evaluated as the congruency of the planes formed by the 1st- and 2nd-eigenmodes. With symmetricity and similarity, the fluctuating wind pressure fields are classified into three types: resonant and non-resonant states in smooth flow, and in gradient flow. The characteristics of the three types of wind pressure fields are shown, respectively, in the symmetric and anti-symmetric modes.
A Typology of Transition Patterns Involving Long-Term NEET Episodes: Accumulation of Risk and Adversity
Authors: Kleif Helle Bendix
Published: February 2023

This paper uses Danish population-based administrative registers to study contemporary school-to-work transitions among young adults who experience long-term NEET episodes between age 16 and 20. By applying sequence analysis and clustering, this paper identifies five distinct transition patterns. Using this typology as the outcome variable in multinomial regression the paper offers insight into how experiences and circumstances, developing until age 16, can affect the subsequently unfolding transition process. Finally, the paper looks ahead and describes whether transitional difficulty accumulates into early adulthood. While one transition pattern stands out as more stable and less worrying, three of the remaining four demonstrate how transitional difficulty between age 16 and 20 develops as precarious patterns of attachment to well-established systems within the Danish welfare state. It is further established that various childhood risk factors significantly increase the odds of experiencing precarious transition patterns. Finally, the analyses demonstrate how instability and risk during childhood and school-to-work transition extend into early adulthood for a large part of the study population.
Productive traits of daughters of sires of Holstein breed depending on the country of origin and genotype according to gene CSN3
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian Correspondence University”, Russia, Moscow region, Balashikha, Yudina O. P. , Mukhtarov A. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian Correspondence University”, Russia, Moscow region, Balashikha, Bakai F. R. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K. I. Skryabin”, Russia, Moscow
Published: February 2023

Numerous studies have proven the effect of the allele B of the kappa casein gene (CSN3) on protein milk content, because the protein controlled by this allele has a number of distinctive features: difference in micelle size, higher protein content, greater stability when heated and frozen, better properties for cheese making (shorter coagulation time, coagulate of a denser consistency and a higher cheese yield by 5–10 %). The purpose of the research was to study the frequency of occurrence of alleles and genotypes of the kappa casein gene (CSN3) in sires of Holstein breed, depending on the country of origin, and to trace the infl uence of the identifi ed genotypes on the productive traits of the daughters of sires (milk yield, fat and protein content in milk). It was revealed that the highest frequency of occurrence of the desired allele B kappa-casein was found in sires of Dutch and Canadian breeding 33,3 and 34,7 %, respectively. The highest frequency of occurrence of homozygous genotype CSN3 BB was found in Dutch–bred sires – 22,2 %. The frequency of occurrence of the heterozygous CSN3 AB genotype was higher than others in Canadian–bred sires – 36,1 %. The best milk yield was characterized by the daughters of Canadian and Dutch-bred sires with CSN3 AA genotype, among the daughters of Germanbred sires it was CSN3 AB. The highest amount of fat in milk of daughters of sires of Dutch origin was found in cows with the sire’s genotype AB, in daughters of sires of German and Canadian breeding itwas AA, but the indicators practically did not differ from those of daughters of sires with the genotype AB. The highest protein content in milk was found in the daughters of sires of diff erent origins with the allele B of the kappa-casein gene.
Features of growth and development of young cattle depending on origin
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Gorski State Agrarian University”, Russia, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Vladikavkaz, Nogaeva V. V. , Kokoeva A. T. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Gorski State Agrarian University”, Russia, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Vladikavkaz, Kokoeva A. T. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Gorski State Agrarian University”, Russia, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Vladikavkaz
Published: February 2023

Currently, in modern cattle breeding special importance is attached to improving the methods of using the world’s genetic resources and increasing the potential of domestic breeds. This is due to the wide spread of crossbreds with diff erent portions of blood and the lack of ways to determine the optimal genotype for further breeding. So the question of the relationship between the genotype and the productive traits of animals is always relevant. The purpose of the research was to study the growth and development of heifers of Black-and-White breed of diff erent origin under the conditions of the natural and climatic zone of the Central Caucasus in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. In order to carry out the experiment, 3 groups of newborn calves were formed. The 1st control group included purebred heifers of Black-and-White breed, the 2nd experimental group included heifers of Black-and-White breed with a blood ratio of 1/2 of Holstein breed, and the 3rd experimental group included heifers of Black-and-White breed with a blood ratio of 3/4 of Holstein breed. Experimental animals were fed taking into account the planned gains in live weight. The features of growth and development were studied by individual weighing and taking measurements at diff erent age periods. On the basis of weighing the live weight gains were calculated, and according to the measurements the body conformation indices were calculated. Studies have shown that the superiority of heifers of the 3rd experimental group over herdmates of the 1st control group in the fi rst months of life was 6,2 %, and animals of the 2nd experimental group were 2,7 % better than purebred analogues in this indicator. In the future, this diff erence increased and by the age of 18 months the diff erences between the groups were 7,4 and 9,6 %, respectively. In general, it has been established that the use of Holstein breed gene pool contributes to the increase in the growth and development of young animals. Heifers with 3/4 blood portion of Holstein breed were distinguished by the best live weight gains and body conformation indices.
Resource-saving technologies of cultivation of ear crops in the Central Chernozem region
Authors:   All–Russian Research Institute of Agriculture and Soil Protection from Erosion – a structural subdivision of the Kursk Federal Agrarian Scientifi c Center, Russia, Kursk, Gostev A. V.
Published: February 2023

Research focused on the search for the most eff ective resource-saving agrotechnologies allows us to objectively, comprehensively and reasonably determine the feasibility of reducing the need for material resources (their optimization) in the cultivation of crops based on the analysis of various factors involved in the formation of the crop, to develop and test eff ective resource-saving schemes without compromising quantitative and qualitative indicators. The purpose of the research was to study the use of resource-saving technologies for the cultivation of ear crops in the Central Chernozem region. In the work for the conditions of the Central Chernozem region the most appropriate combinations of precursors, systems and methods of basic tillage were determined, contributing to the optimization of resource consumption in the cultivation of winter wheat (combined tillage system with shallow tillage-free tillage after sideral crops or grasses), in the cultivation of spring barley (combined tillage system with surface main tillage by rowed predecessors or with zero processing after buckwheat). It was found that under the conditions of the Central Chernozem region, winter wheat yield indicators were associated fi rst of all, with changes in the content of mobile forms of potassium in the soil by 75 % or more (correlation coeffi cient was 0,9); in the second, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, as well as acidity of soil (correlation coeffi cient was 0,5–0,6); in the third, the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and humus (correlation coeffi cient was 0,3–0,4). Based on the revealed features of the variability of the main indicators of the fertility of chernozem typical in technologies of various intensity levels, scientifi cally based solutions have been developed that contribute to improving the efficiency of resource-saving techniques in applied agricultural technologies.
Information and analytical tools for ensuring environmental safety in agricultural organizations
Authors:   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia, Khoruzhy L. I. , Katkov Yu. N. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia, Romanova A. A. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia, Dzhikiya M. K. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia, Fedyaeva A. A. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2023

The article provides a theoretical justification of information and analytical tools to ensure the environmental safety of agricultural formations (balanced scorecard, strategic map, SWOT analysis), in order to maintain the competitiveness of the domestic agricultural sector in unstable economic and political conditions. The dynamic development of economic relations has influenced the use of new methodological solutions, including in relation to the system of economic security of agricultural organizations. In order to obtain operational data, as well as to form an information base in management accounting for determining the level of environmental safety of agricultural organizations and making important management decisions, analytical tools are required that allow monitoring the development of the level of safety in a short time.
Methodology for determining fair value and analyzing the efficiency of sowed grass production
Authors:   Udmurt State Agrarian University, Izhevsk, Russia, Alborov R. A. , Alborov G. R. ,   Udmurt State Agrarian University, Izhevsk, Russia, Dzhikiya M. K. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia, Mosunova E. L. ,   Udmurt State Agrarian University, Izhevsk, Russia, Trishkanova I. E. ,   Udmurt State Agrarian University, Izhevsk, Russia
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the evaluation and accounting of products of annual and perennial grasses at fair value. Methods for determining the fair value of products of annual and perennial grasses have been developed, as well as a method for reflecting these products in accounting with the subsequent identification of income and expenses from the production of these products. Indicators, methods for their calculation and methods for analyzing the efficiency of production (hay, green mass, seeds, straw) of annual and perennial grasses are proposed.
Cost and yield accounting for horticulture, viticulture and nursery
Authors:   Udmurt State Agrarian University, Izhevsk, Russia, Alborov R. A. , Khoruzhy L. I. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia, Ardasheva G. N. ,   Udmurt State University, Votkinsk, Russia, Alborov G. R. ,   Udmurt State Agrarian University, Izhevsk, Russia
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the issues of rationalization of cost accounting for production, output and evaluation of horticulture, viticulture and nursery products. A list of cost accounting items is proposed based on their classification in relation to the volume of production, by natural-material form and sources of formation. Recommendations have been developed on the organization of accounting for production costs, valuation of horticulture, viticulture and nursery products at fair value. The method of accounting for potential and actual income and expenses associated with the assessment of horticulture, viticulture and nursery products at fair value is substantiated.
Calculation of breeding poultry products in the digital economy
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia, Karagodin D. A.
Published: February 2023

The digital economy is penetrating all its industries, including the poultry industry. This creates an objective need to generate more accurate information about the cost of production. The article presents different views of the authors to the concept of «calculation». It has been established that due to the lack of a clear regulation of accounting in many enterprises, the problem of distributing costs between types of manufactured products arises, which leads to incorrect formation of the financial result. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop and implement a methodology for distributing costs between eggs and poultry meat. It is based on the mechanism of transferring losses from the sale of laying hens in a live and slaughtered form to the cost of an egg. The introduction of the proposed methodology will allow to generate more reliable information about the cost.
Analysis of the milk market in Russia
Authors:   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia, Khoruzhy L. I. , Tryastsina N. Yu. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia, Karpova E. V. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia, Azatyan L. A. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the issues of analysis, evaluation and modeling of factors influencing the formation and development of indicators characterizing the state of the milk market in Russia. The results of a study of the volumes of production and consumption of milk, both in the country as a whole and per capita, are presented. Proposed methodological approaches and models for assessing the impact of factors on the volume of production and consumption of milk per capita. The results obtained can be used to study macroeconomic processes in order to develop and adjust the socio-economic policy, the strategy of economic and food security of economic entities of various levels, as well as the rationale for management decisions.
IMPACT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ON INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Pskov State University, Galdikas L.N. , Galdikas V.A . ,   Pskov State University
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the ways of managing intellectual capital from the standpoint of different authors. The impact on the development of intellectual capital of a new technology, namely Industry 4.0 of «smart production», is displayed. It is proposed to integrate disparate systems into a single management system for the evaluation of intellectual capital. The author's model for determining the market value of an organization and a mechanism for determining intellectual capital are presented.
PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT OF THE ACCOUNTANT WHEN SELECTING THE VALUATION OF ACCOUNTING OBJECTS
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after BP. Filippova», Gomboeva A.N.
Published: February 2023

In international financial reporting standards, professional judgment is widely used in the preparation of financial statements. The Russian reporting standards only indirectly contain the appropriateness of the application of professional judgment, but there is no interpretation of the definition. The formation of reliable accounting information, and its disclosure in the statements depends on professional judgment. The article presents the results of the study in the regulatory acts and scientific literature of the essence of the accountant's professional judgment, identifies approaches to interpretation and justifies the importance of professional opinion in the formation of the accounting policy of the organization in terms of the methodological aspect when choosing the assessment of accounting objects.
MODERN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BASED ON THE USE OF AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev», Kupriyanov A.N.
Published: February 2023

The article considers the main aspects of the formation of an innovative approach to the activities of enterprises and the formation of an innovative economy, the main tools for assessing innovation activity, the management system of innovative enterprises, the state policy in the field of resource provision of equipment modernization for the implementation of innovative ways of enterprise development, as well as the problematic points of the region in the field of innovative development.
PROBLEMS OF FINANCIAL PLANNING IN SMALL ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Zaborovskaya A.E. , Trofimova E.A. ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: February 2023

Small businesses are actively involved in the development of the economy of each state. A distinctive feature of small enterprises is their exposure to various risks, which in the context of increasing competition requires the use of modern methods and tools for financial management. This becomes possible only when planning all types of financial resources, financial flows, processes and various financial relationships. Financial planning is extremely important for small businesses, as it is part of a risk reduction strategy that is developed to give confidence in a positive financial result of activities in an uncertain business situation. The financial plan allows small businesses to outline the contours of their future financial and economic activities in the available indicators, evaluate opportunities and ways to implement them to maximize profits. Starting your own business is only the initial stage of entrepreneurial activity, it is much more difficult to maintain and increase the business, turning it into a mature, successfully developing company. To do this, it is necessary that the desired result be organized with the help of effective financial planning. The article examines the state of small business in the context of the structure of profitable and unprofitable enterprises, the theoretical foundations and characteristic features of the implementation of the financial planning process in small enterprises. The problems of financial planning at small enterprises in Russia are systematized, their causes are revealed and possible ways of solving problems are proposed. Solving the problems of financial planning will allow small businesses to achieve the relationship of financial planning methods with their main goals, to increase the efficiency of functioning. High-quality management of financial resources with the help of planning is able to ensure sustainable growth and development of small businesses.
EVALUATION OF THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE PROJECT IN THE FIELD OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev», Barsukova O.V.
Published: February 2023

Within the framework of this article, on a practical example, an assessment of the economic efficiency of a project to expand the functionality of an existing IT product of a company was carried out. The rationale for the expediency of the project implementation, the assessment of its advantages and benefits for the company, as well as the forecast of income and expenses for the project are given.
ANALYSIS OF THE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES MARKET
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Matycyna T.V. , Romanchenko A.P. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: February 2023

The paper considered and analyzed data on the educational sector of the economy. Comparative analysis of Russian education and European education was performed. This gives the main prospects for the development of educational services in Russia.
THE CAUSES OF SANCTIONS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES ON THE COUNTRY'S FINANCES
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev», Varaksa N.G. , Maslova M.B. ,   MGIMO
Published: February 2023

The relevance of the sanctions issue, both of the sanctioning country and the country that announced sanctions in the modern world is obvious. In order to protect the national economy, it is necessary to trace and analyze the consequences of the sanctions process, since, as practice has shown, not all sanctions are negative. Life in new economic and financial conditions, with import substitution, revives alternative contours of the new world order.
COST CALCULATION SYSTEMS USED IN ORGANIZATIONS
Authors:   Omsk state University of railway engineering, Kuvaldina T.B.
Published: February 2023

The topic of calculation, accounting and analysis of costs does not cease to be relevant, since the lower limit of the price depends on their value and, as a result, the economic efficiency of the production enterprise. The article examines the existing cost calculation systems used by economic entities, identifies their advantages and disadvantages.