bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) in Nepalgunj Medical College
Authors: B.K. Shyam Kumar , Bassi S. D. , Baral S. , Shah A. , Dhakal A.
Published: July 2019

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or Kala-azar is a potentially fatal vector-borne (sand fly phlebotomies spp) zoonotic disease caused by a protozoan parasite, Leishmaniadonovani. Kala-azar remains a public health problem in Nepal. The patient presented with a history of high-grade fever, abdominal distension, anemia, and weight loss. The disease is preventable, but various environmental, socioeconomic, health care and health behavior related variables affect its transmission.

Objective: Find out the incidence of Kala-azar infection in Nepalgunj medical college.

Method: This Hospital based study. Data was collected from April 2018to August 2018. Blood sample collected and test rk39 performed in laboratory of Nepalgunj Medical College Kohalpur.

Result: Among 75 patients 16 were diagnosed kala-azar, rk39 positive 14 males and 2 females respectively. It is 12% of total cases. Among 16cases male are 14 and 2 are females. 85.7% male and 12.3% female. Age group between 15-30 years (31.25%), 31-45 years (25%), 46-60 years(18.75%), 61-75 years (12.5%), 76-85 years (12.5%). young people's age group 15-30 years are commonly infected.

Conclusion: Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) cases are still major health problem in Nepal. There should be regular surveillance research work to be carried out in both epidemic and non-epidemic districts of the country. Mass public health education, to make the people aware about preventive aspects of the disease is important.
Does index level sagittal alignment determine adjacent level disc height loss?
Authors: Snowden Ryan , Miller Justin , Saidon Tome , Smucker Joseph D. , Riew K. Daniel , Sasso Rick
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

The authors sought to compare the effect of index level sagittal alignment on cephalad radiographic adjacent segment pathology (RASP) in patients undergoing cervical total disc arthroplasty (TDA) or anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

METHODS

This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected radiographic data from 79 patients who underwent TDA or ACDF and were enrolled and followed prospectively at two centers in a multicenter FDA investigational device exemption trial of the Bryan cervical disc prosthesis used for arthroplasty. Neutral lateral radiographs were obtained pre- and postoperatively and at 1, 2, 4, and up to 7 years following surgery. The index level Cobb angle was measured both pre- and postoperatively. Cephalad disc degeneration was determined by a previously described measurement of the disc height/anteroposterior (AP) distance ratio.

RESULTS

Sixty-eight patients (n = 33 ACDF; n = 35 TDA) had complete radiographs and were included for analysis. Preoperatively, there was no difference in the index level Cobb angle between the ACDF and TDA patients. Postoperatively, the ACDF patients had a larger segment lordosis compared to the TDA patients (p = 0.002). Patients who had a postoperative kyphotic Cobb angle were more likely to have undergone TDA (p = 0.01). A significant decrease in the disc height/AP distance ratio occurred over time (p = 0.035), by an average of 0.01818 at 84 months. However, this decrease was not influenced by preoperative alignment, postoperative alignment, or type of surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

In this cohort of patients undergoing TDA and ACDF, the authors found that preoperative and postoperative sagittal alignment have no effect on RASP at follow-up of at least 7 years. They identified time as the only significant factor affecting RASP.
Development of a postoperative ileus risk assessment scale: identification of intraoperative opioid exposure as a significant predictor after spinal surgery
Authors: Gifford Connor , Minnema Amy J. , Baum Justin , Humeidan Michelle L. , Vazquez Daniel E. , Farhadi H. Francis
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

Postoperative ileus (POI) is associated with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and delayed mobilization that in turn lead to diminished patient satisfaction, increased hospital length of stay (LOS), and increased healthcare costs. In this study, the authors developed a risk assessment scale to predict the likelihood of developing POI following spinal surgery.

METHODS

The authors undertook a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained registry of consecutive patients who underwent arthrodesis/fusion surgeries between May 2013 and December 2017. They extracted clinical information, including cumulative intraoperative and postoperative opioid doses using standardized converted morphine milligram equivalent (MME) values. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed and several categorical and continuous variables were evaluated in a binary logistic regression model built with backward elimination to assess for independent predictors. A points-based prediction model was developed and validated to determine the risk of POI.

RESULTS

A total of 334 patients who underwent spinal fusion surgeries were included. Fifty-six patients (16.8%) developed POI, more frequently in those who underwent long-segment surgeries compared to short-segment surgeries (33.3% vs 10.4%; p < 0.001). POI was associated with an increased LOS when compared with patients who did not develop POI (8.0 ± 4.5 days vs 4.4 ± 2.4 days; p < 0.01). The incidences of liver disease (16% vs 3.7%; p = 0.01) and substance abuse history (12.0% vs 3.2%; p = 0.04) were higher in POI patients than non-POI patients undergoing short-segment surgeries. While the incidences of preoperative opioid intake (p = 0.23) and cumulative 24-hour (87.7 MME vs 73.2 MME; p = 0.08) and 72-hour (225.6 MME vs 221.4 MME; p = 0.87) postoperative opioid administration were not different, remifentanil (3059.3 µg vs 1821.5 µg; p < 0.01) and overall intraoperative opioid (326.7 MME vs 201.7 MME; p < 0.01) dosing were increased in the POI group. The authors derived a multivariate model based on the 5 most significant factors predictive of POI (number of surgical levels, intraoperative MME, liver disease, age, and history of substance abuse) and calculated relative POI risks using a derived 32-point system.

CONCLUSIONS

Intraoperative opioid administration, incorporated in a comprehensive risk assessment scale, represents an early and potentially modifiable predictor of POI. These data indicate that potential preventive strategies, implemented as part of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols, could be instituted in the preoperative phase of care to reduce POI incidence.
Plant indication of thermocarst forms in palsa mires in the south of Nature Park Numto (West Siberia)
Authors: Shishkonankova E.A. , Avetov N.A. , Tolpysheva T.Yu. , Tarlinskaya A.A.
Published: July 2019

Currently, palsa mires in the southern limit of circumpolar permafrost zone are characterized by an increased intensity of thermokarst processes. In the south of Nature Park Numto the cyclic character of frozen mound formation was replaced by their unidirectional degradation as a result of thaw. We analyze plant indicators of various thermokarst forms occurring in mounds: denudation spots, slumps and funnels. Depending on the stages of thermokarst and type of palsas (flat mound or large mound ones) a number of plant indicators of thawing is revealed: “the drunken forest”, the loss of dwarf shrubs and lichens and their secondary colonization, eutrophication of communities, the emergence of the “ridges” of vegetatively mobile species and others. Brown mosses and secondary colonizing Cladonia lichens with cup-shaped and club-like podetia are indicators of slow thermokarst on patches of denudation in large mounds. Meanwhile, the role of Cladonia lichens with richly branched podetia is markedly reduced. Mesotrophic communities, dominated by mesotrophic sphagnum mosses, are formed in deep funnels on large mounds under the conditions of frozen bed existence. The development of eutrophic communities indicates the release of nutrients during the melting of peat. The stages of thermokarst on the flat palsa mounds correspond to the following succession row: lichens + dwarf shrubs → hygrophyte sphagnum mosses and / or brown mosses + liverworts → hygro-hydrophyte sphagnum mosses + Warnstorfia fluitans. Reliable and the most long-term indicator of thermokarst on large mounds is the downy birch (Betula pubescens).
Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Sludge Using Soil Washing Technique
Authors: Sumalatha J. , Naveen B.P. , Malik R.K.
Published: July 2019

In the present study, column leaching tests were conducted with two leaching solutions, i.e., distilled water and 0.1N HCl + 0.1N EDTA to know their removal efficiencies of heavy metal ions of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Pb, Fe and Cr present in the industrial sludge. It was observed that distilled water was able to remove only a few metal ions Cu, Zn, and Ni in lesser quantities. Using 0.1N HCl + 0.1N EDTA, all the heavy metals were leached out with removal efficiencies in the range of 71-98%. Using the results of column leaching tests, the migration rates of different metal ions were determined which can be used to design the soil washing programme at the site to treat the similar sludge.
Salinization of River Waters and Suitability of Electric Conductivity Value for Saving Freshwater from Salts in Aral Sea Basin
Authors: Karimov B.K. , Matthies M. , Talskikh V. , Plotsen M.A. , Karimov E.B.
Published: July 2019

The dynamics of water salinization (WS) and its relationship with electric conductivity (EC, μS/cm), the suitability of EC for saving freshwater from salts as well as ionic composition in the main rivers of the Aral Sea Basin (ASB), Amudarya, Syrdarya and Chirchiq were analyzed. Preliminary results reveal that there are strong linear relationships between salinity and EC with r2 values 0.84-0.99. Thus EC value can be recommended as suitable criterion for assessing freshwater pollution with salts. The water quality standard of 1000 mg/L in ASB corresponds to an EC value of 1330-1930 μS/cm depending on the ionic proportions in the specific river basin. Currently, in waterbodies of middle and lower reaches of Amudarya and Syrdarya Rivers, sulphates are the leading anions followed by chlorides in the Amudarya and bicarbonates in the Syrdarya River. The most abundant cations are sodium in case of Amudarya and calcium in case of Syrdarya.
Predicting the Quality of Treated Water from an Activated Carbon Based Water Purifier Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Roy Ritabrata
Published: July 2019

Automated water purifier is a convenient and widely used device for obtaining purified water. However, performance of a system may vary over time and therefore monitoring of the treated water is essential for ensuring the quality control. In this study, a number of input and output samples of an activated carbon based water purifying system were monitored to check its efficiency. Overall quality of the inflow and outflow of the purifying system were assessed by Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index with ideal permissible limits of the water quality parameters as per Indian Council of Medical Research guidelines. Results indicate that the quality of the water enhanced significantly after purification. A model was developed from the water quality data with Artificial Neural Network to predict the quality of the water, treated by the purifier. The model was tested with more water quality data and found to be successful in prediction of the overall quality of the treated water fairly accurately.
RFID-based indoor mobile robot navigation
Authors: Peng Jiansheng , Qin Yong , Wei Qingjin , He Qiwen , Wan Zhenwu , Jiang Hui
Published: July 2019

For better auto-positioning and navigation of robot, this paper proposes a mobile robot navigation method based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The RFID readers were mounted on the robot. Then, the author developed a double positioning algorithm for the position and orientation adjustment, with the aim to guarantee the smooth movement of the robot from the start point to the terminal and to reduce the error in robot motion. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has successfully realized the auto navigation and positioning of mobile robot.
AWARENESS OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE RISK FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN RAWALPINDI PAKISTAN
Authors: Rasheed Khalid , Hussain Sajjad , Alam Mahboob
Published: July 2019

Background: Pakistan has a huge burden of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and dearth of resources to fight it, which makes primary prevention of the disease by increasing awareness among the population very important. The objective of this study was to assess awareness of Coronary Artery Disease risk factors among patients in Rawalpindi. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology Rawalpindi Pakistan from November 2016 to November 2017. Sample size of 480 was calculated using WHO sample size calculator. Questionnaires were distributed to 480 outdoor patients by convenience sampling, of which 80 (16.5%) did not know about CAD and were not investigated further. Responses only from the remaining 400 patients were included. The questionnaire contained close-ended questions on risk factors for CAD and means of increasing CAD awareness. Indoor patients were excluded from the study. Data was analyzed with SPSSv21. Results: The mean age of patients was 53+6 years and 60% were males. 81.5% patients were able to read and write. Mean score of correctly identified risk factors was (6+2 out of 10). The percentage of patients aware of the different risk factors is as follows; diabetes (59.3%), hypertension (80.7%), dietary fat (79%), smoking (77.5%), stress (75.5%), sedentary lifestyle (68%), obesity (66%), old age (65.2%), male gender (52.7%) and family history (52%). Percentage of patients desirous of increasing their awareness about CAD risk factors through various means is as follows; treating physicians (84.8%), media (76.5%), syllabus and scholars (82.8%). Conclusion: Awareness about modifiable risk factors; hypertension, smoking, high dietary fat intake, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and stress with the exception of diabetes is reasonably good. Awareness about non-modifiable risk factors; family history, male sex and aging is poor.
KNOWLEDGE Of ANTIBIOTIC USE, MISUSE AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN THE SLUM COMMUNITY IN KARACHI
Authors: Nasir Alia , Goil Badil das , Eliyas Adeel , Sherali Shireen , Shaikh Muhammad Hasnain , Moloo Shamsher
Published: July 2019

Background: Worldwide antimicrobial resistance is hugely increasing in the response of inappropriate antibiotic use. Our objectives were to assess knowledge of antibiotic use, misuse and antibiotic resistance in the slum community of Karachi. Methods: This Community-based cross-sectional study was carried out Shireen Jinnah Colony in Karachi for the period of six months from 1st January to 30th June 2017.Subjects of both genders were approached through convenient non-probability sampling technique. Subjects of both genders having age 15 years and above and who were willing to participate in the study were included. An adapted and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: Out of total 120 subjects, the majority of 100 (83.3%) were males, 64 (53.3%) married, 36 (30%) were matriculate and 54.2% fell in the age group between 15-30 years of age. Majority of 77.5% participants never attended any seminar or workshop about antibiotic resistance. Most of 73.33% subjects answered that antibiotics are effective in treating both bacterial and viral infections. 60.83% of respondents purchase antibiotic with the prescription. 70 % of subjects knew about antibiotic adverse drug reaction. In addition, 60.83% stop the antibiotic medication when feeling better. Conclusion: The study concluded the lack of knowledge of the use of antibiotics and the unnecessary and improper use of the antibiotic may cause antibiotic resistance.
STATUS OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH IN AN URBAN SQUATTER SETTLEMENT OF KARACHI, PAKISTAN: RESULTS FROM A ROUND OF SURVEILLANCE
Authors: Rabbani Unaib , Huda Maryam , Zahidie Aysha , Rabbani Fauziah
Published: July 2019

Background: Rapid urbanization has led to emergence of squatter settlements with poor infrastructure and compromised basic amenities. These conditions expose vulnerable groups like women and children to serious health risks. This paper presents the status of maternal and child health in a squatter settlement of Karachi.Methods: Health and Demographic Surveillance System was established in Sultanabad, a squatter settlement of Karachi. Households were eligible to be enrolled if there was a married woman of 15-49 years of age. Data on socio-demographic, maternal and child health indicators was collected during a round of surveillance using a structured questionnaire adapted from Measure Demographic and Health Survey Phase III and Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012-13. Analysis was done using SPSS version 19. Results: A total of 730 women completed the interview. Among them 87% women sought antenatal care during last pregnancy and 79% of the women delivered in a facility. Contraceptive prevalence rate was 32%. Proportion of children exclusively breast fed till six months of age was 63%. Almost 86% children of 12-23 months were fully immunized. Prevalence of stunting among children under five was 40%. Conclusion: In Sultanabad, maternal and child health indicators were relatively better as compared to national statistics. However in the presence of available health facilities, the low contraceptive prevalence and high proportion of stunted children in the community is alarming. This requires urgent attention primarily addressing social determinants of health within the local context.
有关如何加强淤地坝运行管理工作的思考
Authors: 高 亚莉
Published: July 2019

淤地坝的主要作用就是拦截淤泥,减少黄河泥沙,实现防洪减灾的作用,进而促进当地农业发展。为保证淤地坝的有效使用,需要做好淤地坝的运行管理工作,使淤地坝能够处于更加稳定、安全的运行环境中。然而在以往的淤地坝运行管理中,依旧存在诸多问题,难以保证整个管理工作的质量,甚至造成一些不必要的环境破坏情况,不利于淤地坝运行管理的顺利开展。为提高淤地坝运行管理水平,本文就针对淤地坝运行管理中存在的问题进行分析,并提出一些具体措施,希望能为淤地坝运行管理的发展提供有效参考依据。
有关城市水系规划的探究
Authors: 周 志才
Published: July 2019

水是万物之源,生态之基,城市的水系在城市的运转过程中发挥着重要的作用。它不仅具有排涝、防洪、供水、涵养生态和防御、运输等功能,又是一个城市历史文化的载体,城市灵气的所在、居民精神的依托。然而随着城市化的快速发展,城市水系遭到了严重的破坏,许多生产、生活污水未经处理直接排入河流,造成了严重的污染。另外,在城市美化运动的影响下,城市水系被填、盖、断、堤、衬之,使城市水系失去了生态、自然的本色,也将城市中昀具灵气的自然景观元素糟蹋了。随着社会经济文化的发展,人们对环境质量的要求不断提高,对自然生态的渴求也愈加强烈,城市水系规划日益受到人们的重视。基于此,本文在介绍城市水系的基础上,提出了城市水系规划的相关对策。
关于高压输配电线路运行与维护
Authors: 梁 海飞
Published: July 2019

与低压输配电线路相同,高压输配电线路在电力系统中扮演着十分重要的角色,其运行维护的水平直接影响了电力系统的运行状态。本文就将主要分析高压输电线路运行的影响因素、线路运行维护的要点,以供参考。
高职《网络营销》双语课程教改路径探索
Authors: 沈 伟江 , 向 科衡
Published: July 2019

随着跨境电子商务和国际化业务的发展,越来越多高职院校开设双语课程,其中以经管大类开设的《网络营销》双语课最为常见。本文以复盘高职《网络营销》双语课程教学现状,提炼出实现教改的必要性,并提出教改路径优化体系对策,为目前双语教学改革提供相关思路和路径。
辽宁省高职院校创新创业教育存在的问题及对策研究
Authors: 齐 红阳
Published: July 2019

创新创业教育是我国近年来高等教育中的一项重要议题,引起了社会的广泛关注。作为一个教育大省,辽宁省对创新创业教育做出了诸多尝试和探索,也总结出了许多有益经验。然而,在对高职院校创新创业教育进行探索过程中也出现了许多无法回避的问题。本研究立足于辽宁省高职院校的创新创业教育,通过访谈和问卷调查等方法,对辽宁省高职院校创新创业教育存在的各项问题及成因进行探讨,并在此基础上提出一些可资参考的建议和对策。
浅谈多样化教学法在财务会计教学中的运用
Authors: 徐 辉
Published: July 2019

财务会计教学由于所涉及到的知识点繁多、内容复杂,因此教学难度较大,单靠教师填鸭式的讲解,学生难以对知识进行深入的理解和记忆。为了提高财务会计教学效率,本文以课程改革为导向,以多样化教学法的引入为契机,希望借助多样化教学法作用的发挥来将传统财务会计教学提升到一个新的台阶。为此,本文从案例教学法、情景教学法、项目教学法、任务驱动法、思维导图、翻转课堂等几个方面,对其在财务会计教学中运用的优势和具体方法进行了详细的介绍。以此来帮助教师完成财务会计教学任务,提升学生的财务会计专业能力。
论高技能创新型人才培养模式研究
Authors: 温 长胜
Published: July 2019

本文重点阐述创新型人才培养模式的几种类型,分别介绍了国内外高技能创新型人才培养情况,对国内高技能创新型人才培养目标和构建以理论实践和创新共存的体系进行研究,分析得出高技能创新型人才培养必须满足市场对职业技能的需求,以及加强校企合作解决企业实际问题,提高创新型技能人才培养质量。
高职院校人文素质教育体系构建研究——基于工具理性与价值理性的统一
Authors: 王 姝蕴 , 杨 帆
Published: July 2019

在当今社会不断发展的进程下,高职院校的人文素质教育体系的课程改革各所学校发展的当务之急,而这以缓解要有较为有正确的理论指导。高职院校从多维视角的分析下将价值理性与工具理性统一起来,从而进行课程改革,进而提高我国人才培养的质量,从而更好的满足社会需求。
浅谈中职数学教学与专业教学的融合策略
Authors: 李 凤侠
Published: July 2019

数学是中职数学中的文化基础课。中职数学的学习不仅让学生掌握文化基础知识,更重要的是服务好专业教学,更好地促进学生专业课的学习,从而提升学生的综合职业能力。但是,目前中职数学教学与专业课教学融合的不是很好,已经影响了专业课的教学。因此,通过对中职数学教学与专业教学的现状分析,浅谈几点数学教学与专业课教学的融合策略,希望能帮助中职数学与专业课的融合。
Implantação do sistema de classificação de risco sul-africano no serviço de urgência e emergência de um hospital quartenário e filantrópico da região de Curitiba
Authors: Cunico Priscilla De Almeida , Maziero Eliane Cristina Sanches
Published: July 2019

O presente estudo relata a implantação de um protocolo de classificação de riscos no Pronto Atendimento de um hospital quaternário e filantrópico da região de Curitiba, baseado no modelo sul-africano. Esse modelo traz, além da sintomatologia relatada pelos usuários, a aferição dos sinais vitais para o auxílio da priorização do atendimento pelo profissional Enfermeiro, eliminando a subjetividade da sua prática e inserindo critérios baseados em evidências científicas e no perfil da Instituição. Após a implantação do Modelo Sul-Africano de classificação de risco no serviço de pronto atendimento foi observada melhorias significativas no atendimento.
Gestão da clínica como ferramenta para melhorias dos resultados assistenciais
Authors: Simon Simone , Rodacoski Giseli Cipriano
Published: July 2019

Centrada na implantação de estratégias de segurança do paciente, a Gestão da Clínica abrange elementos de atenção gerenciada e governança clínica, é indispensável conhecer métodos que contribuam para um gerenciamento excepcional, selecionando bases de pesquisas confiáveis e atualizadas, para que proporcionem efetividade e um diferencial focado no cuidado do paciente dentro das instituições hospitalares. Com isso, se dá a importância do conhecimento e gerenciamento das diretrizes básicas para elaboração e implantação de protocolos, o que é determinante para que todos percebam o seu papel no atingimento dos resultados. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo o de apresentar um relato de experiência da implantação da Unidade de Gerenciamento de Protocolos em um hospital do interior do Paraná. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a referida implantação objetivou institucionalizar e padronizar diretrizes que anteriormente estavam sendo coordenadas por unidades com especificidades diferentes, sendo que atualmente esses documentos são elaborados considerando um modelo institucional padrão, o qual inclui uma linguagem clara de todos os envolvidos no processo, e o monitoramento dos resultados é realizado pelos gestores e gerentes através de indicadores com metas mensuráveis e exequíveis. No contexto geral, todos os protocolos do hospital são acompanhados no indicador estratégico “taxa de efetividade geral dos protocolos” que em média é de 95%. Concluiu-se que a Gestão da Clínica resulta em maior segurança do paciente, considerando que as etapas são ferramentas de melhorias assistenciais, visto que são compostas por capacitação e sensibilização continuada das equipes, otimizando recursos e disseminando uma linguagem íntegra e única.
Tratamento do idoso no ambiente hospitalar
Authors: Alvarenga Renilde Ana Puschel de , Rodacoski Giseli Cipriano , Silva Natalie Aparecida Ferreira da , Pulside Ana Paula De Souza , Oliveira Andressa Paola Queiroz de
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo descreve a experiência da gestão hospitalar com a problematização da atenção ao idoso e o planejamento de mudanças na Instituição para melhorar a qualidade do cuidado durante as hospitalizações. Considera a inversão da pirâmide demográfica com o crescimento populacional acima dos sessenta anos de idade, fator que vem redirecionando as políticas sociais e de saúde. Este aspecto gera grande impacto na realidade das famílias, considerando as condições econômicas, sociais, culturais, conhecimentos e os agravos crônicos que exigem um atendimento especializado em toda cadeia de prestação de serviços e bens de consumo. Cumpre assinalar que o ambiente hospitalar terá destaque, como fonte de qualidade de vida e bem-estar para a saúde do idoso, se a administração hospitalar proporcionar a integração do tripé: ambiente hospitalar x profissionais de saúde x paciente/ cliente, através de planejamento voltado à integração ativa do idoso no seu processo de tratamento, com vínculos de solidariedade, amor, carinho e respeito a sua história, por meio de projetos que tornem confortável uma experiência que poderia ser desagradável.
Órdenes Guerra y otros vs. Chile
Authors: Derechos Humanos Corte Interamericana de
Published: July 2019

El 29 de noviembre de 2018 la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos dictó una Sentencia, mediante la cual declaró responsable internacionalmente al Estado de Chile porque sus autoridades judiciales rechazaron varias demandas civiles de indemnización por perjuicios morales interpuestas por siete grupos de personas entre 1997 y 2001, en relación con el secuestro o detención y desaparición o ejecución de sus familiares por parte de agentes estatales en 1973 y 1974 durante la dictadura militar. Tales acciones judiciales fueron rechazadas entre 1999 y 2003 con base en la aplicación del plazo de la figura de prescripción establecida en el Código Civil. La Corte consideró responsable al Estado por la violación del derecho de acceso a la justicia, en los términos de los derechos a las garantías judiciales y a la protección judicial, en perjuicio de las víctimas.
Obligación subsidiaria alimenticia a cargo de los ascendientes en segundo grado (abuelos). Se actualiza en las líneas paterna y materna, sólo ante la falta o imposibilidad de ambos progenitores
Authors: Justicia de la Nación Suprema Corte De
Published: July 2019

La obligación alimenticia de los padres hacia sus hijos deriva directamente del ejercicio de la patria potestad, por lo que ambos están obligados a satisfacer el requerimiento alimentario de sus hijos de forma igualitaria y sin distinción de género, pues se trata de una obligación solidaria; en cambio, la obligación a cargo de los ascendientes en segundo o ulterior grado no deriva de la patria potestad, sino de un principio de solidaridad familiar.
Caso Pacheco Léon y otros vs. Honduras
Authors: De Derechos Humanos Corte Interamericana
Published: July 2019

El 23 de noviembre de 2001, poco antes de la medianoche, cuando Ángel Pacheco León estaba ingresando a su domicilio junto a su hijo Jimy, un hombre corrió hacia ellos, evitó que cerraran la puerta y disparó varias veces con un arma de fuego, produciendo la muerte del señor Pacheco León. Al momento de su fallecimiento Ángel Pacheco León era candidato, en el departamento de Valle, a primer diputado por el Partido Nacional de Honduras.
Identificação de Habilidades Necessárias para a Melhoria da Convivência, entre um Grupo de Adolescentes Participantes de Projeto Social
Authors: De Souza Cavalari Carla Patricia , De Oliveira Carolina Herculano , Da Silva Catarina Peixoto , Roseti Jozelaine Zavacki , Pinheiro Lissia
Published: July 2019

Este artigo refere-se a um projeto denominado Projeto ConViver, que buscouatender a demanda referente a necessidade na melhora da convivência entre umgrupo de adolescentes com faixa etária entre 12 e 14 anos, moradores da região doPorto Meira, na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu-PR, que vivem em contexto de vulnerabilidadesocial; conforme apresentado pela instituição e observado através do uso da técnicade registro cursivo, os adolescentes apresentavam comportamentos que prejudicavama convivência entre eles, tais como indisciplina perante orientações dosmonitores, xingamentos, ofensas e agressões físicas. Tendo sido evidenciada a necessidadede buscar contribuir na identificação das habilidades necessárias para a melhoriada convivência dos participantes; objetivado neste, especificamente o trabalho deauxílio de compreensão referente a conceitos de empatia, ampliação nas capacidadesde comunicação e promoção de um ambiente que possa favorecer a construção de relacionamentossaudáveis. O projeto foi dividido em nove etapas práticas, dívidas emdois encontros semanais que contemplaram o desenvolvimento e aplicação de trezeoficinas de atividades práticas, envolvendo inclusive a parceria com grupo de TerapiaAssistida por Animais. Obtendo conclusões, através de análise qualitativa com mensuraçãodos resultados por meio de feedbacks, dos adolescentes e da instituição estesque foram positivos; com análise das acadêmicas referente à participação dos adolescentes,que promoveu diversas reflexões positivas referentes às temáticas descritas.
Caracterização do Perfil da Clientela que Busca o Serviço Escola de Psicologia do Centro Integrado de Saúde Uniamérica
Authors: Catani Fabiani , Salatino Felipe , N. Martins Grace , Leou Karine , Aguiar Bruna
Published: July 2019

A clínica escola tem um importante papel ao oferecer o desenvolvimentoprático para os acadêmicos e a prestação desses serviços com valores acessíveis à comunidade.Com a caracterização do perfil da clientela, pode-se criar métodos e intervençõeseficazes de acordo com a necessidade da população que o utiliza. Essa pesquisade caráter quantitativo teve como objetivo caracterizar a clientela que busca oserviço de psicologia na clínica escola do Centro Universitário UniAmérica em Fozdo Iguaçu. Foram analisados 94 (noventa e quatro) fichas de triagem e cadastro decrianças, adolescentes e adultos que procuraram o serviço em 2018. Os instrumentosutilizados para coleta foram: software online Google Spreadsheet e Google Formuláriose um formulário desenvolvido pelo grupo para levantamento de dados das fichasde triagem e ficha de cadastro. Em relação ao público de maior procura por atendimentoem psicoterapia é de mulheres de 19 a 30 idades e com queixas deansiedade/depressão. Outro dado encontrado são meninos de 7 a 12 idades com queixassobre comportamentos agressivo/opositor trazidos por parte de seus pais ou da escola.Dados obtidos sugerem elementos importantes para o aprimoramento da clínicaescola, além de possibilitar futuras investigações voltados para o público que utiliza oCIS, como formação de grupo de apoio com temas conectados com as maiores ocorrênciasde queixas, os quais contribuirá nas intervenções realizadas na clínica comotambém com a necessidade das pessoas que estão na fila de espera, melhorando dessaforma, os procedimentos clínicos e organizacionais.
O Papel da Apercepção na Construção do Vínculo Familiar em Pré-adolescentes
Authors: Oliveira Marcos de Jesus , Leal Santos Mara Mariza , De Oliveira Andressa Maria , Pinheiro Líssia
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho pretende apresentar os resultados de um projeto de intervençãocujo objetivo consistiu em contribuir para a ressignificação das apercepçõesacerca do vínculo familiar de jovens adolescentes de onze e doze anos com vistas aseu crescimento e desenvolvimento socioafetivo. Para tanto, a discussão se inicia comum breve delineamento sobre a construção vincular na contemporaneidade para seguircom algumas considerações teóricas acerca da psicologia das relações de objetoque embasam o conceito de vínculo e de apercepção, aqui fundamentais. Na sequência,são detalhados os recursos metodológicos projetivos pelos quais se acessaram asapercepções dos adolescentes, para, finalmente, apresentar as atividades de intervençãoconstruídas a partir dos conteúdos internos acessados. Os resultados confirmam ahipótese segundo a qual a apercepção participa da dinâmica da estruturação vincular,sendo simultaneamente causa e efeito do vínculo. A título de considerações finais, argumenta-se sobre a importância do vínculo como um possível indicador do desenvolvimentoemocional e de como a escola pode contribuir, em suas práticas cotidianas,para sua ressignificação.
O Projeto Integrador como Ferramenta Capaz de Estimular o Desenvolvimento de Startups
Authors: Davel Larissa , Alves Vitória , Ebling Márcia , Ginani Giuliano Emerenciano
Published: July 2019

O número de discentes que após sair da faculdade encontra dificuldade emse inserir no mercado de trabalho em sua área de formação aumenta anualmente. Issoporque o mercado de trabalho vem exigindo dos profissionais criatividade, agilidade,capacidade de resolver problemas reais, boa comunicação, tecnicidade e principalmente,visão empreendedora. Tais habilidades acabam sendo pouco desenvolvidas nametodologia tradicional de ensino. O projeto integrador vai contra essa tendência,visto que estimula o desenvolvimento da visão empreendedora desde o primeiro semestre,através do contato direto do aluno com a comunidade. A partir do desenvolvimentodesses projetos, o aluno deve buscar problemas reais existentes na comunidadee tentar resolvê-los de forma prática e inovadora. Essa experiência, além de desenvolveruma série de habilidades como comunicação, negociação, organização e trabalhoem equipe, pode ser o pontapé inicial para a abertura do próprio negócio. A sala deaula, portanto, funciona como um laboratório para testagem e desenvolvimento denovos negócios. O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar como é possível transformarum projeto integrador em Startup, com base na casuística das autoras. A partirde observações de cases reais, nota-se que os pontos em comum neste processo são:identificar temas de afinidade, conectar habilidades pessoais com demandas reais dasociedade, não ter medo de errar, inovação e vontade de empreender. A Startup surgeda busca pelo negócio motivador e passível de lucro, fazendo com que o acadêmicoseja capaz de desenvolver competências necessárias para se inserir no mercado de trabalhoantes de concluir a graduação.
Avaliação Nutricional de Crianças de Foz do Iguaçu, PR, e a Suplementação de Micronutrientes
Authors: Fink Simone Ramos , Konzen Rafaela Eloísa , Vieira Solange Evangelista , Ordoñez Ana Manuela , Nascimento Cássia Bruno
Published: July 2019

A alimentação saudável é fundamental para o completo crescimento e desenvolvimentoinfantil, e deve ser estimulada em todas as fases da vida. A desnutriçãoinfantil atualmente cedeu espaço ao sobrepeso e obesidade. Porém, o aumento doconsumo alimentar não reflete o aporte de vitaminas e minerais. O Governo Federaladotou o NutriSUS, para crianças de 6 a 48 meses, matriculadas em creches integrantesdo Programa Saúde na Escola. O NutriSUS é um sachê de multivitaminaspara ser adicionado no prato da criança. Para verificar a eficácia desse programa, oobjetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional de crianças nos CentrosMunicipais de Educação Infantil (CMEIs) da cidade de Foz do Iguaçu/PR. Foi realizadoa coleta de dados do perfil antropométrico de 598 pré-escolares de ambossexos, com idades entre 6 meses e 5 anos. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo comabordagem transversal, onde utilizou-se balança e estadiômetro para aferição de pesoe estatura respectivamente, para posterior armazenamento destes dados no SISVAN,que é um sistema de informação que realizou os cálculos de IMC e suas classificaçõesautomaticamente ao cadastrar o indivíduo com seu nome e número do cartãodo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). De 598 crianças avaliadas, 58% estão eutróficas,22% com risco de sobrepeso, 14% com sobrepeso e 6% com obesidade. Conclui-sediante dos resultados obtidos, que a maioria das crianças avaliadas nos CMEIs estãoeutróficas, porém há um percentual de crianças que encontram-se com o IMC ele -vado, sendo a maioria delas com risco de sobrepeso, sinalizando a necessidade deacompanhamento nutricional. A perspectiva será avaliar o impacto da suplementaçãocom o NutriSUS no estado nutricional das crianças dos CMEIs.
Postulati prava Europske unije u građanskom parničnom postupku
Authors: Poretti Paula
Published: July 2019

U hrvatskome su pravnom
poretku određeni ljudskopravni standardi ukorijenjeni u praksu postupanja u
građanskome sudskom postupku te se osjećaju njegovim sastavnim dijelom, premda
su svoje izvorište imali u Europskoj konvenciji za zaštitu ljudskih prava i
temeljnih sloboda, a u novije vrijeme i u Povelji EU-a o temeljnim pravima. Iz
toga se može zaključiti da proces europeizacije građanskoga parničnog postupka,
koji se zbog rastućeg utjecaja Europske unije na nacionalni građanski parnični
postupak tek počinje osvještavati, zapravo već dulje vrijeme traje. Velik
doprinos integriranju postulata prava EU-a u nacionalne građanske parnične
postupke daje razvoj sekundarnog prava u okviru pravosudne suradnje u
građanskim i trgovačkim stvarima posljednjih godina. Uz to, bitna je uloga
judikature Suda Europske unije te preuzimanja postupovnih pravila
implementacijom pojedinih direktiva, koje unatoč svojoj materijalnopravnoj
prirodi, takva pravila sadržavaju. Stoga, polazeći od Rewe-Comet doktrine
'postupovne autonomije' država članica, u radu se želi istražiti kako je europeizacija
do sada (pre)oblikovala određena obilježja hrvatskoga građanskog parničnog
postupka. Pri tome, ključno je pitanje na koje se želi odgovoriti – jesu li tako
u funkcioniranju građanskog pravosuđenja u RH ostvareni preduvjeti potrebni za
uzajamno povjerenje te pravosudnu suradnju s drugim državama članicama te
zaštitu temeljnih ljudskopravnih standarda koje promiče pravo EU-a?
Europski istražni
nalog kao novi instrument pravosudne suradnje država članica u kaznenim
predmetima s posebnim osvrtom na hrvatsko pravo
Authors: Primorac Damir , Buhovac Maja , Pilić Marko
Published: July 2019

Ulazak u Europsku uniju za Republiku Hrvatsku značio je posve novo razdoblje u njezinu povijesnom i društvenom razvoju. Na području kaznenog prava to je podrazumijevalo implementaciju i harmonizaciju niza instituta kojima je cilj olakšati
postupanje pravosudnih tijela i njihovu suradnju u kaznenim predmetima između
država članica. U pet godina učinjeni su određeni koraci na tom putu. Međutim,
osim analize učinjenog u ovom je razdoblju vrlo važno upozoriti i na otvorena
pitanja čija praktična implikacija tek slijedi. Stoga je cilj rada uputiti na institut europskoga istražnog naloga koji je u hrvatsko kazneno zakonodavstvo, u
skladu s Direktivom 2014/41/EU Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća od 3. travnja
2014. godine o europskome istražnom nalogu u kaznenim stvarima, uveden Zakonom
o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o pravosudnoj suradnji u kaznenim stvarima s državama članicama Europske unije u listopadu 2017. godine, a novi je institut u pravnim sustavima i drugih država članica. Europski je istražni nalog nakon
implementacije europskoga uhidbenog naloga nastavak nastojanja harmonizirana djelovanja pravosudnih tijela država članica Europske unije u kaznenom postupku u cilju pribavljanja dokaza istražnim mjerama. Premda njegove implikacije tek slijede, radom se prikazuju prednosti njegova uvođenja i nedostatci koji proizlaze iz tumačenja
pojedinih zakonskih odredaba i stavova kaznenopravne javnosti.
Početci „dugog“ ili „kamenitog“ putovanja Republike
Hrvatske prema Europskoj uniji, 1990.-1991.
Authors: Vukas, ml. Budislav
Published: July 2019

Procesi pristupanja Republike Hrvatske u punopravno
članstvo EU-a iznimno su kompleksni i vrlo specifični u odnosu na većinu država
srednjoeuropskog i jugoistočnoeuropskog prostora. U usporedbi sa svim državama
članicama koje su EU-u pristupale u veliku proširenju 2004. te 2007. RH
susretala se s mnogim bitno drukčijim izazovima, pa nije rijetko da su se u
brojnim napisima pristupanja RH EU-u upotrebljavali najrazličitiji atributi kao
'dugo putovanje' (M. Staničić) ili 'kamenito putovanje – Steniger Weg' (G.
Sander, B. Vukas,ml.) i drugi. Pristupanje
RH euroatlantskim integracijama i njezin povratak u zapadnoeuropski
civilizacijski krug bio je cilj gotovo svih novoformiranih političkih stranaka
i intelektualnih krugova 1990., kao i novog vodstva Republike Hrvatske izabrana
na prvoj sjednici višestranačkog Sabora 30. svibnja 1990. Jugoslavenska
kriza te sve otvorenija velikosrpska agresija i rat protiv Republike Hrvatske
bitno će determinirati odnose RH i tadašnjeg EEZ-a. Tako će sadržaj njihovih
početnih odnosa biti poglavito uvjetovan pokušajima EEZ-a i drugih europskih
organizacija za ublažavanje krize, nastojanjima posredovanja u prvim oružanim
sukobima i doprinosima uspostavi mira u vremenu otvorene agresije koja će
prijetiti opstanku same države. Autori
ovog rada preko pravnih izvora institucija EEZ-a, odredaba tadašnjega europskog
prava te međunarodnog prava pokušat će pokazati početke odnosa RH i EEZ-a,
napose nakon proglašenja državne neovisnosti 8. listopada 1991. Cilj je
navedena istraživanja predstaviti ulogu EEZ-a u tim vrlo specifičnim
bilateralnim odnosima i važnost svih tih zbivanja za kreaciju daljnjih odnosa,
osobito nakon međunarodnog priznanja RH.
Do Bureaucratic Organizations Lobby? The Case of Ghana Immigration Service
Authors: Mohammed Abdulai Kuyini
Published: July 2019

Information from Seventy interviews and secondary evidence was used to investigate the relationship between Ghana Immigration Service’s (GIS) lobbying and the outcomes it produced. The focus of the investigation was in four areas: the strategies and tactics of lobbying employed; intermediate outcomes achieved; final outcome attained; and the effect of GIS’ lobbying on politics-administration relations. The evidence showed that the strategies succeeded in achieving the desired policy reforms. In addition to this final outcome, GIS’ lobbying also succeeded in attaining intermediate outcomes: increased attention; increased knowledge; and persuasion. Among others, the study’s contributions are that: it has explicated the overlooked conditions under which bureaucratic lobbying or influence is likely to occur; it has shown that lobbying impact should include not only final outcomes but also intermediate effects. Moreover, it has shown that politics-administration relations is a dynamic rather than a static category that is not explained by one best practice model but rather a best fit model or combination of models that is contingent on factors producing transient changes in the relationship.
Oscillation of Public Administration Paradigms and the Management of Public Service in Nigeria: Trajectory and Lessons
Authors: Ibietan Jide Ifedayo
Published: July 2019

This paper chronicles various Public Administration paradigms and juxtaposes them with the management of Public Service (as an institution) in Nigeria. Attempts at making the public bureaucracy an effective instrument of development in Nigeria can be located in Public Service Reforms, and it is observable that the country has a long history in this. This study adopts the qualitative approach with a reliance on secondary data which were textually analysed, using the Neo-Weberian State Model as the theoretical framework. It is obvious that Nigeria’s experience with administrative reforms typifies an obsession with the traditional Weberian practice, as well as a half-hearted romance with SAP-induced/NPM reforms which labelled the country as a “hesitant reformer”. The paper emphasises a re-discovery of the values of Public Service in Nigeria based on the tenets of the NWS model. Other recommendations can also address the issues raised by the paper.
International Standards and ICT Projects in Public Administration: Introducing Electronic Voting in Norway, Estonia and Switzerland Compared
Authors: Braun Binder Nadja , Krimmer Robert , Wenda Gregor , Fischer Dirk-Hinnerk
Published: July 2019

This research focuses on the interrelationship between international standards and e-voting projects. With the rise of e-government activities, a multitude of new international standards is discussed or adopted in conjunction with such innovative reform steps. In order to gain a perception which role international standards dealing with legal, organizational and technical aspects play in national contexts and whether they are actually implemented, this essay specifically examines standards used in e-voting projects, as this area can be clearly distinguished from other e-government projects. Case studies in Estonia, Norway, and Switzerland show that there is a general interest in international sources and that real international standards are considered to be more important and “binding” than private organizations’ standards or other documents. In all three countries, the Council of Europe Recommendation on e-voting, the only real international standard in this field, played a role in the respective e-voting projects, but did not coin all phases. Once the international standards were endorsed as national regulations, they only played a minor role for the continuation of the projects. However, they are used for orientation and evaluation purposes.
Böbrek Hastalıkları ve Protein Metabolizması
Authors: Yıldıran Hilal , Gençer Feray
Published: July 2019

Böbrek, protein metabolizmasında aminoasitlerin ve peptidlerin sentezi, yıkımı, filtrasyonu, geri emilimi ve idrar yoluyla atılması gibi yolaklarda önemli rolleri olduğu bilinen organdır. Fenilalanin-tirozin dönüşümü, arjinin metabolizması ve transmetilasyon gibi birçok işlevi ile aminoasit metabolizmasına katkı sağlayan böbrekler aynı zamanda düşük molekül ağırlıklı plazma proteinleri ve peptidlerin katabolizması için önemli işleve sahiptir. Böbrek hastalıklarında böbreğin işlev bozuklukları ve/veya kayıplarına bağlı olarak gelişen metabolik asidoz, inflamatuvar süreç, hastalığın tıbbi beslenme tedavisindeki protein kısıtlamaları, diyaliz tedavisi gibi birçok etmen protein metabolizmasında değişikliklere yol açmaktadır. Değişen protein metabolizmasıyla birlikte böbrek hastalığı tanısı almış bireyin diyette aldığı protein miktarı ve türü ön plana çıkmaktadır. Diyaliz almayan böbrek yetmezliği hastalarında gerekli olan durumlarda çok düşük proteinli diyetler yerini ılımlı protein kısıtlamasına bırakırken, diyaliz alan hastalarda artan aminoasit kayıpları ve katabolizma nedeniyle diyetteki protein miktarının arttırılması uygun görülmektedir. Bu derlemede böbreklerin protein metabolizmasındaki rolüne ve böbrek hastalıkları sonucu ortaya çıkabilecek metabolik ve nütrisyonel sorunlara odaklanmak amaçlanmıştır.
Böbrek Hastalıkları ve Mikro Besin Ögeleri
Authors: Keser Alev , Tunçer Esra
Published: July 2019

Kronik böbrek hastalıkları, farklı mikro besin ögelerinin eksikliğine ya da toksisite yaratacak düzeyde fazlalığına neden olabilmektedir. Mikro besin ögeleri düzeylerinde meydana gelen bu anormallikler çeşitli nedenlere bağlı olarak gelişmektedir. Diyet kısıtlamaları ve anoreksiya bir mikro besin ögesinin yetersiz alımına yol açarken, diüretik kullanımı ve renal replasman tedavisi aşırı kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca besin ögelerinin emiliminde değişiklikler meydana gelmekte ve metabolizmaları bozulmaktadır. Kronik böbrek hastalarının mikro besin ögesi gereksinmelerinin daha iyi anlaşılması, yüksek mortalite, artan ateroskleroz riski, inflamasyon, oksidatif stres, anemi, polinöropati, ensefalopati, halsizlik, kas krampları, kemik hastalıkları, depresyon veya uykusuzluk gibi vitamin ve mineral bozuklukları ile ilişkili birçok komplikasyon üzerinde etkili olabilir. Derleme olarak hazırlanan bu makalede, kronik böbrek hastalıklarının farklı evrelerinde mikro besin ögesi durumunun değerlendirilmesi ve gereksinmelere yönelik güncel bilgilerin paylaşılması amaçlanmıştır.
Son Dönem Böbrek Yetmezliğinde Tıbbi Beslenme Tedavisi
Authors: Kızıltan Gül
Published: July 2019

Kronik böbrek yetmezliği, pek çok etiyolojik neden ile ortaya çıkan, nefronların progresif ve geri dönüşümsüz kaybına bağlı glomerüler filtrasyon hızında ilerleyici azalmaya neden olan, kronik, kalıcı, ilerleyici bir durum olarak tanımlanır. Son dönem böbrek yetmezliği (SDBY) de kronik böbrek yetmezliğinin beşinci evresini ifade eder. SDBY’nin tedavisinde renal replasman tedavileri (hemodiyaliz, periton diyalizi, transplantasyon) uygulanmaktadır. Tüm bu tıbbi tedavi süreci içerisinde bireye özgü planlanan tıbbi beslenme tedavisi, komplikasyonların önlenmesi ve yaşam kalitesinin arttırılmasında büyük önem taşır. SDBY hastalarında tıbbi beslenme tedavisinin başlıca amacı, hastalığın ilerlemesinin yavaşlatılması veya önlenmesi, üremik toksisitenin azaltılması, nefron kaybının oluşturduğu sistemik komplikasyonların ve hastanın iştahının düzeltilmesi, uygun bir beslenmenin sağlanması, malnütrisyonun önlenmesi, sıvı elektrolit dengesizliklerinin engellenmesidir. Bu derlemede, güncel bilgiler ışığında SDBY olan hastalarda tıbbi beslenme tedavi yaklaşımı tartışılmıştır.