bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Being a good digital parent: representations of parents, youth and the parent–youth relationship in expert advice
Authors: Wall Glenda
Published: April 2021

Social concern about online behaviour and safety of children and youth has increased dramatically in the last decade and has resulted in an abundance of parenting advice on ways to manage and protect children online. The cultural context in which this is happening is one characterised by intensive parenting norms, heightened risk awareness, and growing concerns about the effects of ‘over-parenting’, especially in the teenage years. Using contemporary advice to parents on managing adolescents’ digital experiences, this study investigates the ways that parenting, youth and the youth–parent relationship are depicted. Parental roles, in this material, are portrayed as instrumental and pedagogical while youth are assumed to lack agency and judgement. Intensive parenting expectations are extended as parents face advice to be both highly vigilant agents of surveillance and trusted confidantes of their children, with an overall goal of shaping children’s subjectivity in ways that allow them to become self-governing.
Design and application of a comprehensive experimental system for real imaging–virtual imaging of dynamic caustics
Authors: Chen Cheng , Yang Renshu , Ding Chenxi , Zhao Yong , Lin Hai , Wang Yu
Published: April 2021

On the basis of the principle of caustics, a comprehensive experimental system for real imaging–virtual imaging was designed and established and then applied to dynamic fracture mechanics experiments. An explosion load experimental system was used to investigate the interaction between blast stress waves and prefabricated cracks. The virtual image information of the caustic spot of the crack tip under the radial compressive stress of the explosive load was captured and quantified. Combined with the experimental data obtained by the real imaging system, the entire interaction process of the blast stress wave and prefabricated cracks was quantitatively characterized. The impact load test system was used to carry out three-point bending impact testing on a unilateral offset crack specimen. In the experiment, the load applied to the upper boundary and the stress intensity factor of the crack tip were simultaneously obtained. The comprehensive experimental system had a simple light path and could simultaneously obtain two sets of experimental information for the real and virtual images, respectively. Thereby, abundant and reliable data were obtained for experimental research. In summary, the experimental systems were effectively used in the investigation of impact and explosion dynamics.
Light scattering from colloidal aggregates on a hierarchy of length scales
Authors: Yazhgur Pavel , Aubry Geoffroy J. , Froufe-Pérez Luis S. , Scheffold Frank
Published: April 2021

Disordered dielectrics with structural correlations on length scales comparable to visible light wavelengths exhibit interesting optical properties. Such materials exist in nature, leading to beautiful structural non-iridescent color, and they are also increasingly used as building blocks for optical materials and coatings. In this article, we explore the angular resolved single-scattering properties of micron-sized, disordered colloidal assemblies. The aggregates act as structurally colored supraparticles or as building blocks for macroscopic photonic glasses. We obtain first experimental data for the differential scattering and transport cross-section. Based on existing macroscopic models, we develop a theoretical framework to describe the scattering from densely packed colloidal assemblies on a hierarchy of length scales.
Approach to reduce light field sampling redundancy for flame temperature reconstruction
Authors: Qi Qi , Hossain Md. Moinul , Li Jin-Jian , Zhang Biao , Li Jian , Xu Chuan-Long
Published: April 2021

Flame temperature measurement through a light field camera shows an attractive research interest due to its capabilities of obtaining spatial and angular rays’ information by a single exposure. However, the sampling information collected by the light field camera is vast and most of them are redundant. The reconstruction process occupies a larger computing memory and time-consuming. We propose a novel approach i.e., feature rays under-sampling (FRUS) to reduce the light field sampling redundancy and thus improve the reconstruction efficiency. The proposed approach is evaluated through numerical and experimental studies. Effects of under-sampling methods, flame dividing voxels, noise levels and light field camera parameters are investigated. It has been observed that the proposed approach provides better anti-noise ability and reconstruction efficiency. It can be valuable not only for the flame temperature reconstruction but also for other applications such as particle image velocimetry and light field microscope.
Microwave-photonic optical fiber interferometers for refractive index sensing with high sensitivity and a tunable dynamic range
Authors: Zhu Chen , Huang Jie
Published: April 2021

We propose and demonstrate an extremely simple yet novel sensing strategy for measurements of a refractive index (RI) based on microwave-photonic optical fiber interferometry. A hybrid interferometric system based on an incoherent optical interferometer (i.e., a Michelson interferometer [MI]) and a coherent optical interferometer (i.e., a Fabry–Perot interferometer [FPI]) is constructed simply by using a low-cost off-the-shelf fiber coupler. The sensing arm of the MI is highly sensitive to a surrounding RI based on Fresnel reflection, where variations of the ambient RI cause changes in both the reflection magnitudes of the resonance frequencies and fringe visibility of the reflection spectra in the microwave domain. The coherent FPI is employed to tune the dynamic range of the MI by adjusting the effective reflectance of the reference arm of the MI. Essentially, other approaches that can vary the reflectance of the reference arm of the MI can also be used to tune the dynamic range of the system based on the proposed strategy. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The prominent advantages of the sensor, including low cost, ease of fabrication, robustness, compactness, high sensitivity, and tunable dynamic range, make it a strong candidate in various chemical, biological, and environmental applications.
2  Gbps free-space ultraviolet-C communication based on a high-bandwidth micro-LED achieved with pre-equalization
Authors: Zhu Shijie , Qiu Pengjiang , Qian Zeyuan , Shan Xinyi , Wang Zhou , Jiang Ke , Sun Xiaojuan , Cui Xugao , Zhang Guoqi , Li Dabing , Tian Pengfei
Published: April 2021

In this Letter, we experimentally achieve high-speed ultraviolet-C (UVC) communication based on a 276.8 nm UVC micro-LED. A record

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3

d
B

optical bandwidth of 452.53 MHz and light output power of 0.854 mW at a current density of

400

A

/

c

m

2

are obtained with a chip size of 100 µm. A UVC link over 0.5 m with a data rate of 2 Gbps is achieved using 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and pre-equalization, and an extended distance over 3 m with a data rate of 0.82 Gbps is also presented. The demonstrated high-speed performance shows that micro-LEDs have great potential in the field of UVC communication.
Hyperfine structure of molecular iodine measured using a light source with a laser linewidth at the megahertz level
Authors: Yoshii Kazumichi , Chen Chaoyun , Sakagami Haruki , Hong Feng-Lei
Published: April 2021

The hyperfine structure of the absorption lines of molecular iodine at 531 nm was measured using a low-cost, coin-sized light source with a laser linewidth at the megahertz level. The measured hyperfine splittings were found to be systematically smaller than those measured using a narrow-linewidth diode laser. The theoretical fit of the measured hyperfine splittings to a four-term Hamiltonian, including the electric quadrupole, spin-rotation, tensor spin-spin, and scalar spin-spin interactions, does not clarify the observed systematic deviation in the measurement, but instead results in deviated hyperfine constants from reliable literature values beyond the uncertainties. Therefore, the theoretical fit, which is usually used to validate the measurement, does not provide the validation function in the case of megahertz level laser linewidths.
ORN: Inferring patient-specific dysregulation status of pathway modules in cancer with OR-gate Network
Authors: Liang Lifan , Zhu Kunju , Tao Junyan , Lu Songjian
Published: April 2021

Pathway level understanding of cancer plays a key role in precision oncology. However, the current amount of high-throughput data cannot support the elucidation of full pathway topology. In this study, instead of directly learning the pathway network, we adapted the probabilistic OR gate to model the modular structure of pathways and regulon. The resulting model, OR-gate Network (ORN), can simultaneously infer pathway modules of somatic alterations, patient-specific pathway dysregulation status, and downstream regulon. In a trained ORN, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each tumour can be explained by somatic mutations perturbing a pathway module. Furthermore, the ORN handles one of the most important properties of pathway perturbation in tumours, the mutual exclusivity. We have applied the ORN to lower-grade glioma (LGG) samples and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) samples in TCGA and breast cancer samples from METABRIC. Both datasets have shown abnormal pathway activities related to immune response and cell cycles. In LGG samples, ORN identified pathway modules closely related to glioma development and revealed two pathways closely related to patient survival. We had similar results with LIHC samples. Additional results from the METABRIC datasets showed that ORN could characterize critical mechanisms of cancer and connect them to less studied somatic mutations (e.g., BAP1, MIR604, MICAL3, and telomere activities), which may generate novel hypothesis for targeted therapy.
Probability of consolidation constrains novel serotype emergence in dengue fever virus
Authors: Sánchez-González Gilberto , Belak Zachery R. , Lozano Luis , Condé Renaud
Published: April 2021

Since their first sequencing 40 years ago, Dengue virus (DENV) genotypes have shown extreme coherence regarding the serotype class they encode. Considering that DENV is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a high mutation rate, this behavior is intriguing. Here, we explore the effect of various parameters on likelihood of new serotype emergence. In order to determine the time scales of such an event, we used a Timed Markov Transmission Model to explore the influences of sylvatic versus peri-urban transmission, viral mutation rate, and vertical transmission on the probabilities of novel serotype emergence. We found that around 1 000 years are required for a new serotype to emerge, consistent with phylogenetic analysis of extant dengue serotypes. Furthermore, we show that likelihood of establishing chains of mosquito-human-mosquito infection, known as consolidation, is the primary factor which constrains novel serotype emergence. Our work illustrates the restrictions on and provides a mechanistic explanation for the low probability of novel dengue virus serotype emergence and the low number of observed DENV serotypes.
Deep learning classification of lipid droplets in quantitative phase images
Authors: Sheneman Luke , Stephanopoulos Gregory , Vasdekis Andreas E.
Published: April 2021

We report the application of supervised machine learning to the automated classification of lipid droplets in label-free, quantitative-phase images. By comparing various machine learning methods commonly used in biomedical imaging and remote sensing, we found convolutional neural networks to outperform others, both quantitatively and qualitatively. We describe our imaging approach, all implemented machine learning methods, and their performance with respect to computational efficiency, required training resources, and relative method performance measured across multiple metrics. Overall, our results indicate that quantitative-phase imaging coupled to machine learning enables accurate lipid droplet classification in single living cells. As such, the present paradigm presents an excellent alternative of the more common fluorescent and Raman imaging modalities by enabling label-free, ultra-low phototoxicity, and deeper insight into the thermodynamics of metabolism of single cells.
Reusable snorkel masks adapted as particulate respirators
Authors: Seligman Henry , Zaman Sameer , Pitcher David S. , Shun-Shin Matthew J. , Hepworth Lloyd Freya , Androschuk Vitaliy , Sen Sayan , Al-Lamee Rasha , Miller David M. , Barnett Harry W. , Haji Gulam S. , Howard Luke S. , Nijjer Sukhjinder , Mayet Jamil , Francis Darrel P. , Ces Oscar , Linton Nicholas W. F. , Peters Nicholas S. , Petraco Ricardo
Published: April 2021

Introduction

During viral pandemics, filtering facepiece (FFP) masks together with eye protection form the essential components of personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers. There remain concerns regarding insufficient global supply and imperfect protection offered by currently available PPE strategies. A range of full-face snorkel masks were adapted to accept high grade medical respiratory filters using bespoke-designed 3D-printed connectors. We compared the protection offered by the snorkel to that of standard PPE using a placebo-controlled respirator filtering test as well as a fluorescent droplet deposition experiment. Out of the 56 subjects tested, 42 (75%) passed filtering testing with the snorkel mask compared to 31 (55%) with a FFP3 respirator mask (p = 0.003). Amongst the 43 subjects who were not excluded following a placebo control, 85% passed filtering testing with the snorkel versus to 68% with a FFP3 mask (p = 0.008). Following front and lateral spray of fluorescence liquid particles, the snorkel mask also provided superior protection against droplet deposition within the subject’s face, when compared to a standard PPE combination of FFP3 masks and eye protection (3.19x108 versus 6.81x108 fluorescence units, p<0.001). The 3D printable adaptors are available for free download online at https://www.ImperialHackspace.com/COVID-19-Snorkel-Respirator-Project/.

Conclusion

Full-face snorkel masks adapted as particulate respirators performed better than a standard PPE combination of FFP3 mask and eye protection against aerosol inhalation and droplet deposition. This adaptation is therefore a promising PPE solution for healthcare workers during highly contagious viral outbreaks.
Small-scale utilitarianism: High acceptance of utilitarian solutions to Trolley Problems among a horticultural population in Nicaragua
Authors: Winking Jeffrey , Koster Jeremy
Published: April 2021

Researchers often use moral dilemmas to investigate the specific factors that influence participants’ judgments of the appropriateness of different actions. A common construction of such a dilemma is the Trolley Problem, which pits an obvious utilitarian solution against a common deontological dictum to not do harm to others. Cross-cultural studies have validated the robustness of numerous contextual biases, such as judging utilitarian decisions more negatively if they require contact with other individuals (contact bias), they force others to serve as a means to an end (means bias), and if they require direct action rather than inaction (omission bias). However, such cross-cultural research is largely limited to studies of industrialized, nation-state populations. Previous research has suggested that the more intimate community relationships that characterize small-scale populations might lead to important differences, such as an absence of an omission bias. Here we contribute to this literature by investigating perceptions of Trolley Problem solutions among a Mayangna/Miskito community, a small-scale indigenous population in Nicaragua. Compared to previously sampled populations, the Mayangna/Miskito participants report higher levels of acceptance of utilitarian solutions and do not exhibit an omission bias. We also examine the justifications participants offered to explore how Mayangna/Miskito culture might influence moral judgments.
Timing of term elective cesarean section and adverse neonatal outcomes: A multi-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Al Bizri Ayah , Boghossian Nansi S. , Nassar Anwar , Nakad Pascale , Jaber Dina , Chahine Rabih , Fallakha Gaby , Makhoul Ghaith , Yunis Khalid
Published: April 2021

Background

Rate of cesarean section (CS), including elective CS has globally increased. Studies have found that term elective CS before 39 weeks of gestation is associated with increased risk of adverse respiratory outcomes.

Objective

To determine the rate of elective CS and examine the association between timing of elective term CS and adverse neonatal outcomes in a large population of Lebanese women.

Methods

A Multi-Center Study was conducted using data from the National Collaborative Perinatal Neonatal Network database. Simple and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between timing of term elective CS and adverse neonatal outcomes. Some of the neonatal adverse outcomes we examined included respiratory distress syndrome, admission to the NICU, and a composite of respiratory outcomes.

Results

A total of 28,997 low risk mothers who delivered through primary and repeat elective CS were included in the study. Uncomplicated elective planned term CS constituted 25% of all CS deliveries in Lebanon. Primary and repeat CS at 37 weeks of gestation increased the odds of most of the studied adverse neonatal outcomes. There were few associations between CS and adverse neonatal outcomes at 38 weeks of gestation.

Conclusions

Term primary and repeat cesarean delivery prior to 39 weeks of gestation is associated with respiratory and other adverse neonatal outcomes. Delaying birth 1–2 weeks till 39 weeks of gestation can prevent 64–77% of adverse respiratory outcomes.
Fear of breast cancer among young Spanish women: Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Champion breast cancer fear scale
Authors: Aguirre-Camacho Aldo , Hidalgo Beatriz , González-Cuevas Gustavo
Published: April 2021

Heightened fear of breast cancer (FBC) has been linked to increased distress following breast cancer diagnosis and to avoidance of mammography screening. To our knowledge, however, no studies have examined the nature of FBC exclusively among young females, even though they are overrepresented in media stories of breast cancer. Given that no instruments are available to assess FBC in the Spanish language, we sought to 1) evaluate the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale (CBCFS), and 2) offer preliminary data on the nature of FBC among young women. Participants (N = 442, mean age = 21.17, range 17–35) completed the translated CBCFS (CBCFS-es) and the Spanish version of the Short Health Anxiety Inventory. The CBCFS-es demonstrated good concurrent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate fit to a one-factor solution. The majority of participants reported considerably high levels of FBC, as 25.34% and 59.73% of them scored above the moderate- and high-FBC cut-offs, respectively. Moreover, FBC could not be explained by general concerns regarding health and illness, given that levels of health anxiety were low. Implications for health education, research, and clinical practice are discussed.
Innovation indicators based on firm websites—Which website characteristics predict firm-level innovation activity?
Authors: Axenbeck Janna , Breithaupt Patrick
Published: April 2021

Web-based innovation indicators may provide new insights into firm-level innovation activities. However, little is known yet about the accuracy and relevance of web-based information for measuring innovation. In this study, we use data on 4,487 firms from the Mannheim Innovation Panel (MIP) 2019, the German contribution to the European Community Innovation Survey (CIS), to analyze which website characteristics perform as predictors of innovation activity at the firm level. Website characteristics are measured by several data mining methods and are used as features in different Random Forest classification models that are compared against each other. Our results show that the most relevant website characteristics are textual content, the use of English language, the number of subpages and the amount of characters on a website. In our main analysis, models using all website characteristics jointly yield AUC values of up to 0.75 and increase accuracy scores by up to 18 percentage points compared to a baseline prediction based on the sample mean. Moreover, predictions with website characteristics significantly differ from baseline predictions according to a McNemar test. Results also indicate a better performance for the prediction of product innovators and firms with innovation expenditures than for the prediction of process innovators.
Associations of neighborhood physical and crime environments with obesity-related outcomes in Jamaica
Authors: Cunningham-Myrie Colette , Theall Katherine P. , Younger-Coleman Novie , Greene Lisa-Gaye , Lyew-Ayee Parris , Wilks Rainford
Published: April 2021

Objective

To examine whether proximity and density of public open spaces, public parks, street connectivity, and serious and violent crimes were associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC) within and across levels of urbanicity, sex and socioeconomic status (SES) in Jamaica, a small island developing state (SIDS).

Methods

Secondary analysis was conducted using data from the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2008 (JHLS II). All respondents were geocoded to area of residence in Enumeration Districts (EDs). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were derived and multilevel mixed effects regression models applied to 2529 participants nested within 101 EDs from all 14 parishes in Jamaica.

Results

There was significant clustering across neighborhoods for mean BMI (ICC = 4.16%) and mean WC (ICC = 4.42%). In fully adjusted models statistically significant associations included: increased mean BMI among men, with increased intersection density/ km2 (β = 0.02; 95% CI = 1.96 x10-3, 0.04, p = 0.032); increased mean WC among urban residents with increased crimes/km2/yr (β = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.16, p<0.01) and among persons in the middle class, with further distance away from public parks (β = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.08, 0.53, p<0.01).

Conclusions

Neighborhood physical and crime environments were associated with obesity-related outcomes in Jamaica. Policymakers in SIDS such as Jamaica should also note the important differences by urbanicity, sex and SES in prevention efforts designed to stem the growing obesity epidemic.
Workplace stress and associated factors among vehicle repair workers in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mulugeta Hailemichael , Tamene Aiggan , Ashenafi Tesfaye , Thygerson Steven M. , Baxter Nathaniel D.
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Workplace stress is a public health problem worldwide. Studies focusing on work-related stress among vehicle repair workers are scarce in African countries. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of self-reported workplace stress and associated factors among vehicle repair workers in Hawassa City, South Ethiopia.

Methods and findings

A cross-sectional study design was employed among 347 vehicle repair workers from January 25 to February 22, 2019. Questionnaires were administered using interviews. Additional tools were used for weight and height measurements. The main findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression. The strength of association of variables was presented by odds ratio along with its 95% CI. The statistical assessments were considered significant atp<0.05. A total of 344 workers participated in the study. The prevalence of workplace stress among participants was 41.6% with 95% CI: (36.3–47.1). Factors associated with workplace stress were more than 10 years of work experience [AOR: 2.40; 95% CI (1.29–4.50)], work-related musculoskeletal disorder [AOR: 3.39; 95% CI (1.99–5.78)], squatting and lying work posture [AOR: 4.63; 95% CI (1.61–13.3)] and servicing large vehicles [AOR: 1.96; 95% CI (1.14–3.38)].

Conclusion and recommendations

This study showed that the overall prevalence of work-related stress was substantially high. The independently associated factors were workers’ service years, symptoms of body pain, and the work environment. Preventive measures need to be implemented in vehicle repair workshops by focusing on work environment improvements.
Evaluation of the Abbott BinaxNOW rapid antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: Implications for screening in a school setting
Authors: Sood Neeraj , Shetgiri Rashmi , Rodriguez Anna , Jimenez Dianna , Treminino Sonia , Daflos Amanda , Simon Paul
Published: April 2021

Background

Rapid antigen tests hold much promise for use in the school environment. However, the performance of these tests in non-clinical settings and among one of the main target populations in schools—asymptomatic children—is unclear. To address this gap, we examined the positive and negative concordance between the BinaxNOW™ rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen assay and an RT-PCR test among children at a community-based Covid-19 testing site.

Methods

We conducted rapid antigen (BinaxNOW™) and oral fluid RT-PCR (Curative Labs) tests on children presenting at a walk-up testing site in Los Angeles County from November 25, 2020 to December 9, 2020. Positive concordance was determined as the fraction of RT-PCR positive participants that were also antigen positive. Negative concordance was determined as the fraction of RT-PCR negative participants that were also antigen negative. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between positive or negative concordance and participant age, race-ethnicity, sex at birth, symptoms and Ct values.

Results

226 children tested positive on RT-PCR; 127 children or 56.2% (95% CI: 49.5% to 62.8%) of these also tested positive on the rapid antigen test. Positive concordance was higher among symptomatic children (64.4%; 95% CI: 53.4% to 74.4%) compared to asymptomatic children (51.1%; 95% CI: 42.5% to 59.7%). Positive concordance was negatively associated with Ct values and was 93.8% (95% CI: 69.8% to 99.8%) for children with Ct values less than or equal to 25. 548 children tested negative on RT-PCR; 539 or 98.4% (95% CI: 96.9% to 99.2%) of these also tested negative on the rapid antigen test. Negative concordance was higher among asymptomatic children.

Conclusions

Rapid antigen testing can successfully identify most COVID infections in children with viral load levels likely to be infectious. Serial rapid testing may help compensate for limited sensitivity in early infection.
Fatty acid oxidation participates in resistance to nutrient-depleted environments in the insect stages of Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Souza Rodolpho Ornitz Oliveira , Damasceno Flávia Silva , Marsiccobetre Sabrina , Biran Marc , Murata Gilson , Curi Rui , Bringaud Frédéric , Silber Ariel Mariano
Published: April 2021

Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite causing Chagas disease, is a digenetic flagellated protist that infects mammals (including humans) and reduviid insect vectors. Therefore, T. cruzi must colonize different niches in order to complete its life cycle in both hosts. This fact determines the need of adaptations to face challenging environmental cues. The primary environmental challenge, particularly in the insect stages, is poor nutrient availability. In this regard, it is well known that T. cruzi has a flexible metabolism able to rapidly switch from carbohydrates (mainly glucose) to amino acids (mostly proline) consumption. Also established has been the capability of T. cruzi to use glucose and amino acids to support the differentiation process occurring in the insect, from replicative non-infective epimastigotes to non-replicative infective metacyclic trypomastigotes. However, little is known about the possibilities of using externally available and internally stored fatty acids as resources to survive in nutrient-poor environments, and to sustain metacyclogenesis. In this study, we revisit the metabolic fate of fatty acid breakdown in T. cruzi. Herein, we show that during parasite proliferation, the glucose concentration in the medium can regulate the fatty acid metabolism. At the stationary phase, the parasites fully oxidize fatty acids. [U-14C]-palmitate can be taken up from the medium, leading to CO2 production. Additionally, we show that electrons are fed directly to oxidative phosphorylation, and acetyl-CoA is supplied to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which can be used to feed anabolic pathways such as the de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids. Finally, we show as well that the inhibition of fatty acids mobilization into the mitochondrion diminishes the survival to severe starvation, and impairs metacyclogenesis.
Robert Burton on the Society of Jesus and Coimbra
Authors: Carvalho Cláudio Alexandre S.
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo explora a attitude ambígua de Robert Burton face aos Jesuítas, centrando-se na sua leitura dos Commentarii Collegii Conimbricensis Societatis Iesu. Após uma contextualização da sua detecção da Companhia de Jesus nas peças teatrais de Burton, passo em revista as referências do académico à articulação da melancholia nos manuais do curso conimbricense ao longo da Anatomia da Melancolia. Por forma a identificar e compreender as especificidades da sua leitura, pautada por adaptações selectivas e imprecisões, empreenderei uma apresentação da doutrina dos temperamentos dos Conimbricenses. Sustento que, apesar da sua riqueza, da qual os ecos na obra de Burton dão testemunho esmaecido, a abordagem de De Góis permaneceu como um episódio obliterado na história médica e intelectual da melancolia. Este percurso permitirá uma compreensão das perspectivas terapêutica e organizacional subjacentes ao (e complementares do) ensino conimbricense. Trata-se, como se tornará evidente, de valências e aplicações dos Commentarii que Burton ignora. Ironicamente, uma parte significativa do seu conhecimento das terras distantes, as suas viagens por “mapa e carta” e as suas perspectivas socioeconómicas sobre a China, aspectos centrais da transição de uma observação da melancolia para uma observação melancólica, bem patente no recurso à sátira e à utopia como vias terapêuticas, está consideravelmente dependente da articulação entre as capacidade formativa e a organização das missões jesuíticas.
Racionalidade e Dialética Hermenêutica
Authors: Marcelo Gonçalo
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é o de refletir, no contexto de uma investigação sobre a racionalidade, sobre o que poderá ser uma dialética hermenêutica e mencionar algumas das suas características e domínios de aplicação. O artigo analisa os conceitos de dialética e de hermenêutica, apresentando a versão forte da dialética tal como ela aparece em Hegel e mencionando de que forma, a partir de uma leitura da hermenêutica ricœuriana, é possível compreender a especificidade da dialética hermenêutica e os efeitos que ela tem no alargamento da noção de racionalidade.
Karl Popper and Contemporary Argumentation Theory: the Case of Pragma-Dialectics
Authors: Ribeiro Henrique Jales
Published: April 2021

Virtually for the first time in the known historiography on the present impact of Karl Popper’s philosophy upon the theory of rhetoric and argumentation, this impact is scrupulously analysed and its most important dimensions are highlighted. The author shows how the above impact is crucial to understanding some contemporary schools within the scope of that theory, such as pragma-dialectics. The limitations of Popper’s philosophy are carefully analysed while, on the other hand, the limitations of the theory of rhetoric and argumentation itself are thoroughly discussed, in order to properly appreciate the contribution in question. Globally, it is concluded that Popper’s influence is inescapable.
Political Engagement and Crime Victimization: A Causal Analysis
Authors: Laterzo Isabel
Published: April 2021

In recent years, research has demonstrated that crime victimization serves as a catalyst to political engagement. However, much of this work has not addressed two key issues: 1) the true causality of this relationship, and 2) how victims’ identities and personal experiences might influence this relationship. This paper tackles these issues by testing the effect of victimization on non-electoral engagement using the Two-City, Six-Wave panel survey administered in Brazil between 2002 and 2006. It finds that the causal relationship between victimization and engagement only exists for participation in political party meetings. Furthermore, when exploring the role of individual identity and community context, only men, those who live in safe neighborhoods, and White Brazilians experience an increase in their engagement. Meanwhile, women, those in unsafe neighborhoods, and Afro-Brazilians do not experience such an increase. Those who have not experienced discrimination also increase their participation, while those who have experienced discrimination do not.
On Some Trends in the Language Policy in Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Koshevnikova Ekaterina
Published: April 2021

This article briefly describes the current trends in language policy in the world on the example of the Federal Republic of Germany. The article gives definitions of the main categories that characterize the language policy, quotes from regulatory acts of Germany at both the federal and regional levels. According to generally accepted classifications, German language policy is defined as retrospective and democratic while its type as linguistic pluralism.
Bioética e Estratégia Saúde da Família: a perspectiva dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde
Authors: Vidal Selma Vaz , Gomes Andréia Patrícia , Siqueira-Batista Rodrigo
Published: April 2021

Identificar os principais problemas bioéticos na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), na perspectiva dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) do Município de Magé, RJ – como subsídio para a proposição de estratégias de formação dirigidas ao amadurecimento da tomada de decisão frente aos conflitos bioéticos – foi o escopo do presente artigo. Participaram da pesquisa 124 ACS das 62 equipes da ESF. Aplicou-se um questionário, em dezembro 2013, com 22 questões, divididas em três seções: (1) características gerais; (2) problemas bioéticos enfrentados pelo ACS em serviço e (3) conhecimento sobre os conceitos de ética e bioética e sobre os modos de aprendê-la. As respostas foram apreciadas por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Identificaram-se o perfil dos ACS e os principais problemas bioéticos presentes em seu cotidiano. A educação permanente foi uma aposta orientadora do diálogo para o aprimoramento das competências morais desses trabalhadores, elemento essencial para o melhor enfrentamento dos conflitos.
Política pombalina e educação escolar de crianças indígenas no mundo colonial:
Authors: Maia Lígio de Oliveira
Published: April 2021

Resumo: O objetivo do artigo é apresentar elementos da educação escolar de crianças indígenas no período de vigência do diretório pombalino, abrangente política indigenista colocada em prática na América portuguesa a partir de meados do século XVIII, cujo preceito geral no âmbito da educação foi à substituição do modelo das antigas missões religiosas pela secularização do ensino. Para tanto, far-se-á uso de um conjunto de fontes sobre o funcionamento das escolas em vila Viçosa Real, antiga aldeia de Ibiapaba (1700-1759), elevada a categoria de “vila de índios” a partir de 1759, com a execução do diretório na capitania do Ceará. Com isso, espera-se contribuir com o debate acerca da história e da historiografia da infância no Brasil.Palavras-chave: Educação escolar. História indígena. Diretório pombalino.
Ensino de História, identidade nacional e imigração estrangeira no Brasil:
Authors: Marlow Sergio Luiz
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão acerca do processo de formação étnica do povo brasileiro, levando-se em consideração a importância dos grupos de imigrantes que se deslocaram para o Brasil entre os séculos XIX e XX, bem como também das levas de imigrantes, numa nova dinâmica, nas primeiras décadas do século XXI. Ao mesmo tempo, procura entender a importância do Ensino de História pelo Estado Brasileiro enquanto fomentador de uma identidade nacional. Desta forma, esse artigo busca expressar a complexa relação entre identidades étnicas e identidade nacional brasileira através do Ensino de História, tendo como desafio uma prática educacional baseada na perspectiva do multiculturalismo.
O poder e as representações de quem tem posse:
Authors: Santos Márcio Achtschin
Published: April 2021

Construções de representações estão diretamente vinculados ao contexto vivido por determinadas comunidades. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar a relação entre a construção do mito em torno de Teófilo Benedicto Ottoni com os produtores rurais do Vale do Mucuri, nordeste de Minas Gerais, entre os anos de 1890 e 1950. O Mucuri  sofreu um processo de colonização tendo sua produção em grande escala baseada na produção do café e, posteriormente, na pecuária. O agrego foi a principal mão-de-obra das médias e grandes propriedades rurais, utilizada para o desmatamento ininterrupto em benefício da lavoura e do pasto. Essas atividades gerou riqueza para os proprietários rurais, mas não estimulava investimentos tecnológicos típico do modelo capitalista, trazendo através da imprensa uma representação da região ambígua, coexistindo prosperidade e ruína. Esta coexistência entre representações dúbias possibilitava construções no imaginário da elite rural favoráveis ao surgimento de representações que aglutinava esse antagonismo.  Pode-se apontar como resultado da pesquisa que através do personagem  Teófilo Ottoni construiu-se o mito no qual incorporava essa contradição entre o desenvolvimento e o atraso, a imagem do bandeirante moderno.
Crianças “desvalidas” e o dever de trabalhar:
Authors: Lima Ana Cristina Pereira
Published: April 2021

O artigo trata da implantação do ensino profissional para meninos e meninas órfãs e pobres na cidade de Fortaleza (CE) durante a segunda metade do século XIX. Foram analisadas duas instituições de recolhimento infantil voltadas ao trabalho: o Colégio de Educandos Artífices e o Colégio da Imaculada Conceição. Tais instituições foram criadas com o propósito de ordenar e qualificar o trabalho de crianças, estimulado no período e defendido como assistência aos “desvalidos”, além de propagado como prevenção à ociosidade e à criminalidade. Observou-se que o ensino profissional ofertado no século XIX estava ligado aos mecanismos de ajuste das crianças para atender demandas do crescimento econômico e espacial da cidade. O estudo tomou como fontes os regulamentos dos colégios, jornais do período e documentos oficiais da província.
O futuro da nação:
Authors: Perussatto Melina Kleinert
Published: April 2021

A partir do Rio Grande do Sul e sua capital Porto Alegre, o artigo problematiza o processo de racialização das crianças negras entre a emancipação e o pós-abolição. Foi dividido em três partes e utiliza a metodologia qualitativa. Na primeira, explora sentidos e disputas em torno da liberdade das crianças nascidas de ventre livre a partir da lei de 1871, evidenciando a articulações entre tutela, instrução e liberdade desde a perspectiva de autoridades e proprietários. Na segunda, identifica aspectos do processo de racialização das crianças negras, articulando tutela, escolarização e correção, entre as décadas de 1880 e 1890. Na terceira, a partir da trajetória de um homem nascido de ventre livre e do projeto de República defendido pelo jornal ao qual se vinculou, chamado O Exemplo, articula racialização, educação, liberdade e cidadania desde o ponto de vista da intelectualidade negra sobre as crianças e a infância, entre a última década do século XIX e a primeira do XX.
Menoridade e ameaça na bélle époque manaura, 1906 a 1917
Authors: Santos Júnior Paulo Marreiro dos
Published: April 2021

Este artigo pesquisou as estratégias de sobrevivência e o cotidiano de menores de idade da cidade de Manaus no período da borracha, período de transformação urbanística e arquitetônica, alicerçada pela riqueza da extração e comercialização da goma elástica. O artigo foi traçado com o objetivo de evidenciar um processo histórico dinâmico e múltiplo, permeado de oposições, procurando alcançar os múltiplos sentidos de populares da cidade, iluminando o processo de construção de experiências vividas pelos ‘menores’ no cotidiano tenso da coletividade da cidade, um cotidiano de segmentos sociais menos privilegiados pela prosperidade gomífera. Tais ‘menores’ eram passíveis de vigilância, estigmas, repressão e tolerância. Assim, esse trabalho propõe-se uma outra leitura do processo de formação da sociedade manauara – pelo viés dos ‘menores’ - no período convencionado como Belle Époque.
The road to Porongos:
Authors: Leitman Spencer L.
Published: April 2021

The Porongos defeat over the secessionist rebels on November 14, 1844, militarily and politically solidified the barão de Caxias’ coming victory, which would end the longest rebellion in Brazilian history, the Farroupilha, 1835-1845.  Most of the encounters to come were small, mopping-up and surveillance actions, except for one, at Arroio Grande, just two weeks after Porongos. Suspiciously, the targets of both these assaults were the libertos, slaves the rebels had seized from their provincial loyalist neighbors, and whom they armed and ostensibly freed. Before Porongos, Caxias and the farrapo general Canabarro had arrived at the same conclusion: in order to have peace, conciliation, and a return to Imperial order, the rebels needed proof that their cause was lost. The best and most convenient solution led Caxias and Canabarro to use Black losses to show the war was no longer winnable, and to defang them as a future menace. When Canabarro assembled what was the last great rebel army on the Cerro do Porongos, liberto soldiers comprised its very core.  On that November morning, approximately 35% of Canabarro’s troops were either killed, wounded, or captured. Nearly all those who died or were taken prisoner came from the ranks of the liberto infantry. If the many mysteries swirling around Porongos were stripped away, what would emerge and converge at Porongos were two historical shadows still coursing through the borderlands, hatianismo and artiguismo. These were neither doctrines nor unique to the borderlands, yet together they advised both rebel and Imperial policy, and were implicit in the immediacies of decision-making which determined the libertos’ fate.
Das crianças de elite às populares:
Authors: Cardozo José Carlos da Silva
Published: April 2021

O presente texto buscou analisar a mudança no público alvo que demandou e atraiu a atenção da Justiça, por meio do Juízo dos Órfãos, nos assuntos relacionados aos menores de idade. Por meio da História Social, foi analisado o aumento quantitativo que a instituição teve no número de ações de tutela no final do século XIX, muito em decorrência da alteração nas políticas escravistas e de imigração do período.
Melhores práticas e performance de escolas municipais do ensino fundamental no Ceará: Análise da eficiência na gestão escolar
Authors: Furlan Soriano Felipe , Pereira Salgado Junior Alexandre , Chiaretti Novi Juliana , Furlan Soriano Diogo , Calil Pongeluppe Wadhy Rebehy Perla
Published: April 2021

No Brasil, há uma preocupação com a qualidade da educação, principalmente, ao se analisar os resultados das avaliações em larga escala tanto em nível nacional, pelo Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (Ideb), quanto em nível internacional, pelo Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes (PISA). Assim, como forma de contribuir nessa questão, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as melhores práticas que possam auxiliar na melhoria do desempenho das escolas municipais do ensino fundamental brasileiro, consideradas de baixo nível socioeconômico (NSE) no Ideb. O método utilizado foi quali-quantitativo, onde se utilizou modelos matemáticos, tais como, Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), Análise do Quintil, Regressão Logística e estudos de caso. Como resultado foram identificadas 14 melhores práticas que podem ter contribuído para o desempenho das escolas consideradas eficientes. Espera-se que o estudo possa contribuir para o enriquecimento das pesquisas na área, além do processo de decisão de investimento financeiro, alocação de recursos públicos e políticas educacionais, por meio de uma gestão escolar eficiente e que vise melhorar a qualidade da educação no Brasil.
Adaptive Directional Compression of High-Frequency Helmholtz Boundary Element Matrices
Authors: Börm Steffen
Published: April 2021

Boundary element methods for the high-frequency Helmholtz equation
require efficient compression techniques for the resulting matrices.
Directional interpolation converges exponentially and is very robust
and fast, but high accuracies lead to very large storage requirements.
This problem can be solved by combining interpolation with algebraic
recompression techniques that significantly reduce the storage
requirements while keeping the accuracy and robustness and only
moderately increasing the runtime.
Approximating the Normal Sample Median Distribution in Process Control
Authors: Leung Char
Published: April 2021

The present work aims to propose an approximation of the sample median distribution with a normal parent distribution. Although the mean is usually used as the central tendency measure for normal samples, the median has also been used in engineering, process control in particular. The proposed method approximates the normal sample median distribution only using the normal distribution function. It outperforms Castagliola’s method for small samples and serves as an alternative approximation for trading off accuracy against computational complexity for large samples.
Integral foliated simplicial volume and S
1-actions
Authors: Fauser Daniel
Published: April 2021

The simplicial volume of
oriented closed connected smooth manifolds that admit a non-trivial smooth

S
1

{S^{1}}

-action vanishes.
In the present work, we prove a version of this result for
the integral foliated simplicial volume of aspherical manifolds:
The integral foliated simplicial volume of aspherical oriented closed
connected smooth manifolds that admit a non-trivial smooth

S
1

{S^{1}}

-action vanishes.
Our proof uses the geometric construction of Yano’s proof for ordinary simplicial volume
as well as the parametrized uniform boundary condition for

S
1

{S^{1}}

.
Dead or alive: DEAD-box ATPases as regulators of ribonucleoprotein complex condensation
Authors: Weis Karsten
Published: April 2021

DEAD-box ATPase proteins are found in all clades of life and have been associated with a diverse array of RNA-processing reactions in eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea. Their highly conserved core enables them to bind RNA, often in an ATP-dependent manner. In the course of the ATP hydrolysis cycle, they undergo conformational rearrangements, which enable them to unwind short RNA duplexes or remodel RNA-protein complexes. Thus, they can function as RNA helicases or chaperones. However, when their conformation is locked, they can also clamp RNA and create ATP-dependent platforms for the formation of higher-order ribonucleoprotein complexes. Recently, it was shown that DEAD-box ATPases globally regulate the phase-separation behavior of RNA-protein complexes in vitro and control the dynamics of RNA-containing membraneless organelles in both pro- and eukaryotic cells. A role of these enzymes as regulators of RNA-protein condensates, or ‘condensases’, suggests a unifying view of how the biochemical activities of DEAD-box ATPases are used to keep cellular condensates dynamic and ‘alive’, and how they regulate the composition and fate of ribonucleoprotein complexes in different RNA processing steps.