bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reexamining the Market Value of Information Technology Events
Authors: Barua Anitesh , Mani Deepa
Published: February 2018

The widespread use of announcement period returns to assess the financial impact of information technology (IT) events implicitly assumes that the market can completely price IT investments during the announcement period. However, some studies in strategy and information systems have suggested that long-term abnormal returns may be a more appropriate measure of the value of IT events. To reconcile these streams of research, we develop and test an exploratory framework involving the maturity and scope of an IT event to assess the suitability of short-versus long-term abnormal returns. We conceptualize event maturity in terms of diffusion of the technology or phenomenon, and scope as the extent of complementary organizational changes that need to be implemented and managed. We posit that because of lack of widespread knowledge of best practices and cases of success and failure in a period of low technological maturity, the market may find it difficult to price such an event completely during the announcement period. Similarly, the challenge of acquiring and interpreting information on a firm’s capability to manage wide scope of change may be an impediment to pricing high-scope events. We test our framework using a sample of 642 large outsourcing contracts and 1,700 electronic commerce initiatives. We empirically demonstrate that announcement period returns are indeed a complete measure of event value for cases characterized by high maturity and low scope; however, long-term abnormal returns are realized for events involving low maturity and/or high scope, which questions the validity of announcement period returns. Our results are robust to alternate model specifications. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for theory and practice, and directions for future research.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0718 .
Journal Scan
Authors: Welyczko Nikki
Published: February 2018

Nikki Welyczko, Teacher Fellow and Principal Lecturer for Adult Nursing at the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, provides a brief overview of recently published nursing and health articles
Accountability in nursing: a strategic perspective
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: February 2018

Penny Harrison, Senior Lecturer in Adult Nursing at De Montfort University, Leicester, discusses the implications of a new report from the King's Fund
Restoring balance: biofilms and wound dressings
Authors: Percival Steven L.
Published: February 2018

Biofilms are responsible for stimulating and maintaining wound inflammation, increasing infection risk and delaying wound closure. Appropriate biofilm management is required to fight against local and systemic infection and to restore balance to the wound environment. The most effective way to remove biofilms involves the use of mechanical techniques, with the wound dressing representing an important component of this strategy. Wound dressing fibres, such as polyacrylate fibres, have been shown to be effective in affecting biofilm architecture by disrupting the biofilm matrix. This helps enhance the efficacy of antimicrobials, such as silver. Focusing an antibiofilm strategy on active agents alone does not constitute a sustainable approach to biofilm management. Furthermore, adding too many active chemicals into a wound can be highly detrimental to the wound bed, and potentially may have both short- and long-term biological concerns. Particular attention on the characteristics and key features of wound dressings is discussed in this paper. The aim of the paper is to review the ideal characteristics of wound dressings, in conjunction with antimicrobials, that are considered a fundamental part of an antibiofilm strategy and growing requirement for enhanced wound healing.
Micrografting chronic lower extremity ulcers with mechanically disaggregated skin using a micrograft preparation system
Authors: Miranda Rosario , Farina Eleonora , Farina Michele A.
Published: February 2018

Objective:

The Rigenera system is a new standardised micrograft preparation system. It works by means of automated mechanical disaggregation of small tissue samples, extracting only the smallest cells (<50µm). The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate patients affected by chronic ulcers and who were treated with the micrograft preparation method.

Method:

Chronic ulcers have been included regardless of the cause. The specimen was collected with a 3mm diameter biopsy punch and immediately dissociated by means of the Rigenera System. The obtained suspension was placed on a scaffold of equine collagen.

Results:

We included 15 patients (four males, 11 females) with a mean age of 72.2±8.41 (mean±standard deviation) years. In seven patients the ulcers were related to the complications of diabetes, post-traumatic in a further three diabetic patients, vasculitis in one patient, and four patients had venous leg ulcers (VLUs). The median main diameter was 5.0cm and the median estimated area was 43.96cm2. The ulcers were present from a mean of 4.50±2.30 months before inclusion in this study. At the second week the wounds were reduced by 37.33%±19.35%, at the week eight, nine patients (60.0%) were healed, and at week 16, 13 (86.7%) were healed. The quality of scars was good and did not deteriorate at the six month follow-up.

Conclusion:

The simplicity of the approach, the minimal invasiveness of the specimen collection, and the good quality of scarring of healed wounds, confirmed in the follow-up, makes this micrograft preparation method a useful tool to use on large or complex wounds.
Pembelajaran Holistik – Integratif Anak Usia Dini dengan Pendekatan Cashflow Quadrant di RA Al Muttaqin Tasikmalaya
Authors: Hijriyani Yuli Salis , Machali Imam
Published: February 2018

This article is aimed to figure out the integrative holistic learning process of early childhood which consist of implementation of child health service program, education, child welfare protection, nad child care. The implementation of learning is analyzed by cashflow quadrant approach to see how far the achievement from institute of education for early childhood. This kind of research is qualitative and implemented in RA Al Muttaqin Tasikmalaya. The process of collecting data is using observation, interview and documentation. The data are analyzed using Matthew B Millers Interactive Analyzed Model. The result of this research shows that there is huge support from the organizers of RA Al Muttaqin and aslo some parties who cooperate well toward the instituation. The conclusion of this research is the integrative holistic learning process will run well when the management of financial in the instituation will reach the goal since those factors will bring related to the smoothness of partnering with several parties outside the institution that makes the implementation of services - holistic programs integratif well.
Studi Tentang Kompetensi Guru PAUD Berkualifikasi Akademik Sarjana PG-PAUD Dan NonPG-PAUD di PAUD Istiqomah Sambas Purbalingga
Authors: Yuslam Yuslam , Setiani Riris Eka , Sari Almi Kurnia
Published: February 2018

Through this research the author attempt to explore and examine how pedagogic competence and professional competencies Early Childhood teachers academics qualified beetwen S1 PG -PAUD and non PG-PAUD. This research type is field research. The data collection method using the interview, observation and communication. the data analysis using the data reduction technique, presentation of data and conclusions. The results of this research showed that the teachers who have competency S1 PG-PAUD appear to have sufficient understanding of the development of the children. The understanding of the development implicated against the election of learning materials and the use of learning methods that adjusted with the developmental stage. It is different with teachers nonPG-PAUD, they appear to not understand the developmental stage until there from some teachers who use the method less in accordance with the children development. the differences also appear in the case of mastering, making lesson plans and learning evaluation. As part of the effort to improve teachers Profesionalism, the institutions apply some policy Including: selective recruitment, internship program for six months, guidance careers, develop training programs, sharing between teachers and provide the opportunity for teachers S1 nonPG-PAUD to lectures S1 PG-PAUD Education.
Pengembangan Kemampuan Kognitif dan Sosial-Emosional Melalui Penerapan Media Balok dan Bermain Peran Pada Siswa TK Kuntum Mekar, Lampung
Authors: Dea Leli Fertiliana , Latipah Eva
Published: February 2018

This study aims to (1) to determine the use of block media in the cognitive and social development of children in Kuntum Mekar 2 Bandar Lampung, (2) to know the application of bemain role method in developing cognitive and social emotional of children in Kuntum Mekar Kindergarten 2 Bandar Lampung, (3) to know the successful application of block media and role playing method in early childhood cognitive and social development. This research uses qualitative research method, the data obtained through observation to know the initial data of application of block media and the application of role play, interview to get data in condition of cognitive development and social emotional of early child, then the data is analyzed by data reduction, data presentation and concluded. From the analysis of the research, it can be concluded that: First, the application of beam media in Kuntum Mekar TK 2 Bandar Lampung succeeded. Use the following steps: (a) The teacher prepares the tools. (b) The teacher accepts the children present. (c) Master explains how to play blocks. (d) The child builds with the beam and the teacher is just watching. Second, the application of role playing in Kuntum Mekar 2 Bandar Lampung was successful. Apply using the following steps: (a) Teachers collect children for direction and rules in the game, (b) Teacher discusses the tools to be used, (c) Teacher gives assignments to the child. Third, the successful application of beam media and role playing methods in early childhood cognitive and social development is evidenced by children developing as expected, as children are able to recognize objects by function, the child is able to classify objects by shape, color and size, the child is able to recognize the ABC pattern , children are able to recognize the concept of numbers, children are able to say a lot of objects 1-10 and children are able to cooperate with friends, children are able to know etiquette and courtesy in accordance with local social cultural values, children are able to understand the rules and discipline and children are able to show empathy attitude.
A2MIPARI (Aksi Anak Membaca Iqra’ Pagi Hari); Pembelajaran Al-Qur’an pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ash-Shiby”
Authors: Akbar Eliyyil
Published: February 2018

The children is a sensitive time which is something that he obtained is easily drenched with how to learn while playing. The habit of children playing can be made reference to become the habit of learning, so that the same used to play and learn. The habit of learning to read the Qur'an is done by repeatedly as consequence of Early Child Education "Ash-Shiby" that learning the Qur'an done in the morning before the start of formal activities done because the morning is very effective in giving time and the spirit of the enthusiasm of children in exercising. This paper describes the implementation of A2MIPARI (Action Children Read Iqra' Morning); learning the Qur'an in the Early Child Education "Ash-Shiby" and the result of A2MIPARI (Action Children Read Iqra' Morning). The implementation of A2MIPARI not contained in a lesson plan and accommodate the moral development of religion and the Bible. The results from A2MIPARI is enthusiastic and motivated so that the progress of reading children always increased in every week. The actualisation can serve as a reference point in the teach the Qur'an making kebermaknaan life that reflected from the contents of the Qur'an.
Emmanuel Levinas: Implications of the relational paradigm for bioethics
Authors: Cortis David
Published: February 2018

En un mundo cambiante que ofrece nuevas situaciones de atención de la salud, la inadecuación de los modelos tradicionales de la bioética está demostrada. Una nueva ética debe basarse más en un paradigma relacional, dónde la intersubjetividad, se encuentra con 'el Otro' especialmente con su rostro como persona única, y donde la responsabilidad está en el centro, como explica el filósofo francéslituano Emmanuel Levinas. Su filosofía ayuda a la bioética en su búsqueda de fundamentos.
IL8 and IL16 levels indicate serum and plasma quality
Authors: Kofanova Olga , Henry Estelle , Aguilar Quesada Rocio , Bulla Alexandre , Navarro Linares Hector , Lescuyer Pierre , Shea Kathi , Stone Mars , Tybring Gunnel , Bellora Camille , Betsou Fay
Published: February 2018

Background:

Longer pre-centrifugation times alter the quality of serum and plasma samples. Markers for such delays in sample processing and hence for the sample quality, have been identified.

Methods:

Twenty cytokines in serum, EDTA plasma and citrate plasma samples were screened for changes in concentration induced by extended blood pre-centrifugation delays at room temperature. The two cytokines that showed the largest changes were further validated for their “diagnostic performance” in identifying serum or plasma samples with extended pre-centrifugation times.

Results:

In this study, using R&D Systems ELISA kits, EDTA plasma samples and serum samples with a pre-centrifugation delay longer than 24 h had an IL16 concentration higher than 313 pg/mL, and an IL8 concentration higher than 125 pg/mL, respectively. EDTA plasma samples with a pre-centrifugation delay longer than 48 h had an IL16 concentration higher than 897 pg/mL, citrate plasma samples had an IL8 concentration higher than 21.5 pg/mL and serum samples had an IL8 concentration higher than 528 pg/mL.

Conclusions:

These robust and accurate tools, based on simple and commercially available ELISA assays can greatly facilitate qualification of serum and plasma legacy collections with undocumented pre-analytics.
Neck adipose tissue – tying ties in metabolic disorders
Authors: Pandzic Jaksic Vlatka , Grizelj Danijela , Livun Ana , Boscic Drago , Ajduk Marko , Kusec Rajko , Jaksic Ozren
Published: February 2018

Upper body adipose tissue accumulation has been associated with clustering of metabolic disorders and increased cardiovascular risk. Neck circumference (NC) indicated that subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in that region is an independent pathogenic depot that might account for the additional risk missed by visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Neck adipose tissue (NAT) is not only one more ectopic depot but has several particular features that might modulate its metabolic role. Besides a controversial impact on obstructive apnea syndrome, neck fat encompasses carotid arteries as an important perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) depot. With dysfunctional changes in obesity, physiologic vascular regulation is lost and inflammatory signals accelerate atherogenesis. Unexpected was the discovery of brown and beige adipocytes in the neck of human adults. When stimulated, brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy through thermogenesis and it is associated with other favorable metabolic effects. Moreover, the neck is the region where the browning mechanism was disclosed. With this unique plastic nature, NAT revealed multiple ties, challenging dynamics and potential new therapeutic targets that might have significant implications on metabolic outcomes and vascular risk.
Ideological consistency and political polarization in Slovakia
Authors: Kanovský Martin , Kocičová Nina
Published: February 2018

This article concerns the proposal and testing of a Slovak version of the Ideological Consistency Scale, which is a 10-item scale originally developed by the Pew Research Centre (2017). Its psychometric properties are investigated on a Slovak sample (N = 101). Its fit to the Rasch model with conditional maximum likelihood is tested. The Slovak version of the scale is shown to be a reliable and useful instrument for measuring ideological attitudes. The ideological attitudes of the Slovak respondents are compared with those of the American sample. The results show that the political polarization in Slovakia is not strong: few Slovak respondents could be identified as being either consistently conservative or consistently liberal, and the majority exhibited mixed attitudes, tending slightly to display liberal opinions.
Science, morality and method in environmental discourse
Authors: Ikpe Ibanga B.
Published: February 2018

The environmental crisis that faces the world today is sometimes seen to be the result of making wrong turns on the path to human development. This is especially so in terms of the technologies humans adopt, the way such technologies are powered, and the morality that is at the foundation of societies that develop and utilize such technologies. Humanity has come to the realization that the technologies that were ushered in with a fanfare and that may still enjoy considerable patronage sometimes have a darker side that may exact a costly price. The situation would probably have been different if there had been credible alternatives waiting in the wings, but no such alternatives exist and the path to such alternative technologies will probably be fraught with even more dangers. The view in this paper is that the current environmental crisis is not so much a problem of making wrong choices in technology as it is a problem with the nature of our science: a science which stifles the growth of views that contradict the opinion at the centre. It argues that the discouragement of adventitious ideas is responsible for the lack of credible alternatives to current technologies and therefore the inability to discard technologies that are considered anachronistic. In view of the above, the paper argues for a liberalisation of science through the tolerance of heretical scientific views as well as alternative knowledge systems. It questions the morality of subscribing to a single method of science in an era where alternatives exist to every other human facility and argues, following Mill and Feyerabend, not only for the proliferation of technologies but also for the proliferation of sciences as a safeguard against scientific lethargy.
Student Experiences of High-stakes Testing for Progression in One Undergraduate Nursing Program
Authors: McClenny Tammy Lynn
Published: February 2018

Each year, thousands of students throughout the world are required to complete one or more high-stakes tests as a measure of competency in undergraduate nursing education. Currently, the trend in nursing education is to use high-stakes tests to establish program progression policies. However, use of these tests to block student progression is of serious concern. This article describes findings of a pilot study that used a phenomenographic approach to understand senior nursing students’ experiences of completing multiple high-stakes tests for successful progression within one undergraduate nursing program. Eighteen graduating senior nursing students participated in the study via individual interviews. Students described a multitude of experiences, organized into five main categories of descriptions: high-stakes tests as a value; high-stakes tests as a stressor; high-stakes tests as a high expectation; high-stakes tests as various inconsistencies; and high-stakes tests affecting the transfer of learning. Student perspectives with high-stakes testing contributed valuable insight lacking in the current nursing education literature. Findings suggested if high-stakes tests are to be used for program progression, it is imperative for nurse educators to convene and explore strategies to support student preparation and success with testing, and develop well-defined structures of teaching and learning for the delivery of course content.
Is the Samogitian Dialect Going to Die Out? Implications of Showing Pride in Being a Samogitian and Attitudes Towards Samogitianness on Samogitian Facebook Pages
Authors: Mikašytė Vilma
Published: February 2018

Lithuanian linguists believe that dialects in Lithuania are under threat of extinction. Many scholars who strive for language maintenance around the world suggest that the Internet provides free and unlimited possibilities to promote and maintain endangered or lesser spoken linguistic varieties. One of the dialect speaker groups in Lithuania, Samogitians, explore the aforementioned possibilities as they have recently become very active on social media. They promote the dialect and numerous Samogitian items as well as discuss various issues about their dialect and identity. The article analyzes the elements of the Samogitian identity as it is portrayed on various Samogitian pages on Facebook. The study employs several approaches, including Language maintenance, Cybercultures, and Discourse Analysis. The results reveal that the essential element of the Samogitian identity is their dialect due to which, in spite of the increasing moral and financial support, the speakers of the variety still feel stigmatized. Nevertheless, people who speak Samogitian support each other in using the dialect and promoting it not only on the Internet but in ‘real’ life as well. Since many Samogitians are proud of speaking the dialect and being Samogitian, it is a positive sign for the future maintenance, and social media is one of the most effective means through which it can be achieved.
Valuing Cultural Identity for Successful Teaching and Learning: Applying Culturometric Committed Communication Humanist Principles in Educational Contexts
Authors: Boufoy-Bastick Beatrice Sylvie
Published: February 2018

The scientific literature is replete with caustic criticism of teacher development programs. Many programs offer little evidence of success, which in turn has prompted educators towards an international appeal calling for fundamental structural change. A momentous catalyst for this change is the ubiquitous emergence of research on the development of teachers' professional identities. This article speaks to these criticisms through the research on teachers’ professional identity development by using an evidenced-based model which structures teacher professional identity development and applying it to the restructuring of existing teacher development programmes. This article presents theCulturometric Committed Communication(CCC) model as a structural framework for teacher identity development that can be used to systematize the revision of the contents of existing pre-service and in-service professional development programs for the purpose of developing teachers’ professional identities. CCC endorses a dual mission of respectfully regarding teachers’ professional identity and dutifully affirming learners’ cultural identity. This is an intentionally humanistic culturometric application centred on the recognition and valuing of each individual, teacher and learner, for facilitating the success of the pedagogic interaction. CCC is an evidenced-based model that supports the educational mission of teachers, both in adapting pedagogical practices to the learning context and in developing teacher’s professional identity through structurally embedded and empirically evidenced processes of reflection, collaboration and culturally responsive classroom management. Thus the success of these processes is evidenced through the programme. Functionally, its central focus is on (re)negotiating current programme content towards context-relevant cultural identity. Philosophically it is anchored in Culturometrics’ three tenets,viz: an operational definition of Cultural Identity as ‘Values in context’, an assumption that the purpose of all chosen behaviours is to affirm one’s cultural identity and the belief that Culturometrics is a Humanist philosophy. The Culturometric Committed Communication model is derived from these three tenets and used to ensure success in teaching and learning in different educational contexts.
Multilingualism in Audiovisual Texts for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Audience
Authors: Kerevičienė Jurgita , Urbonienė Miglė
Published: February 2018

A great variety of original audiovisual (AV) texts such as films, television series, teletext, videogames, live performances may include more than one language as an outcome of the director’s initial intension. The producers of the AV texts tend to portray specific cultural aspects with different linguistic variations, which are also related to particular stylistic, pragmatic or discursive functions. In certain cases, translators of such AV texts face serious challenges. One of the thorny problems arises with the adaptation of the multilingual AV texts to the deaf and hard of hearing audience. Different strategies and methods of employing the multilingual AV texts for the needs of the deaf and hard of hearing audience have been adopted in various countries; however, nowadays Lithuania has only taken its first steps in developing a unified system of working out translating and subtitling strategies of the AV texts in general. This article aims at discovering professional translation and subtitling practices along with the norms, criteria and strategies of this specific translation activity in Lithuania and abroad. Firstly, the existing overseas reality of the translation and subtitling of multilingual AV texts is described and afterwards the tendencies within the Lithuanian adaptations of AV texts are discussed.
Between Marx and Locke: approaching early complex societies
Authors: Blanton Richard E.
Published: February 2018

I viewed this review project as an opportunity to assess the degree to which archaeologists have been able to transcend what Gary Feinman (Eurasia at the dawn of history, p. 146) refers to as “impenetrable academic silos and rigid adherence to entrenched ideas”. Happily, I found ample evidence of transcendence, with the exception of Modes of production and archaeology. Historians properly recognise Karl Marx as an important contributor to Western thought in a time of economic turmoil one and a half centuries ago. Especially, his efforts to motivate opposition to an exploitative economic system are highly regarded—I, for one, have made a pilgrimage to view his work-space in the British Museum reading room. And I agree that ideas influenced by Marx and Engels (considering the work of Childe, White, Wittfogel, Polanyi and the like) have been so thoroughly internalised that they amount to a kind of “disciplinary common sense” (in the introductory chapter by Robert Rosenswig and Jerimy Cunningham, p. 1), perhaps better characterised as ‘entrenched ideas’. From the perspective of contemporary anthropological theory, however, I find it difficult to understand why researchers might insist on bringing notions from Marx and Engels directly into today's archaeological thinking and practice, but this is exactly what most of the contributors to Modes of production and archaeology have done.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Witcher Robert
Published: February 2018

Both Antiquity and archaeology have changed immeasurably since O.G.S. Crawford penned this journal's first editorial in 1927. The discipline has grown in size and sophistication, and has achieved professional status and public recognition. What was novel at that time, such as aerial photography and the use of ethnographic parallels, both flagged in that first editorial, have now long been integral to archaeological theory and practice. Antiquity has documented—and often driven—these developments, itself evolving along the way. Nine decades after its foundation, Antiquity publishes more content, on more varied periods and places, and authored by an ever-more international cast of contributors. It has also changed in terms of its audience. Part of Crawford's original vision was to communicate archaeology more effectively to the general public, not least with the intention of debunking the misleading, sensationalist and downright incorrect fare peddled in the bestsellers and newspapers of the day. The content of Antiquity today is aimed at a more professional readership, what one previous editor, Martin Carver, called “the extended archaeological family” of academics and field archaeologists, and the many associated specialists in cognate disciplines with whom we work. All these developments notwithstanding, it is striking that many of Crawford's concerns and interests still continue to resonate. The disciplinary imperative to communicate with the public is stronger than ever, finding new opportunities in social media, blogs and TV programmes, and under pressure from funding bodies to demonstrate public benefit or ‘impact’. The analytical, and aesthetic, importance of aerial photography that Crawford worked hard to promote has too taken on a new lease of life through satellite imagery, LiDAR and, most recently, photography using drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (see Frontispiece 1).
Monitoring the impact of coastal erosion on archaeological sites: the Cyprus Ancient Shoreline Project
Authors: Andreou Georgia Marina
Published: February 2018

Coastal erosion of archaeological sites has long been a problem for archaeologists seeking to understand maritime interactions in the past. A new model, using ArcGIS to collate various sources of data relating to processes of erosion over time along the south coast of Cyprus, is showcased here, with the hope that it can be expanded and adapted for use elsewhere in prioritising sites according to rates of destruction.
Ancient fingerprints from Beit Nattif: studying Late Roman clay impressions on oil lamps and figurines
Authors: Lichtenberger Achim , Moran Kimberlee S.
Published: February 2018

Analysis of oil lamps and clay figurines recovered from a Late Roman ceramics workshop at Beit Nattif in Israel has revealed numerous fragments with evidence of the manufacturer's fingerprints preserved on some of the ceramic surfaces. Further study of these fingerprints has provided a unique insight into the production history of the workshop, even showing how particular innovations in technique may be associated with particular individuals.
The Soluble Form of LOTUS inhibits Nogo Receptor-Mediated Signaling by Interfering with the Interaction Between Nogo Receptor Type 1 and p75 Neurotrophin Receptor
Authors: Kawakami Yutaka , Kurihara Yuji , Saito Yu , Fujita Yuki , Yamashita Toshihide , Takei Kohtaro
Published: February 2018

Nogo receptor type 1 (NgR1) is known to inhibit neuronal regeneration in the CNS. Previously, we have shown that lateral olfactory tract usher substance (LOTUS) interacts with NgR1 and inhibits its function by blocking its ligand binding. Therefore, LOTUS is expected to have therapeutic potential for the promotion of neuronal regeneration. However, it remains unknown whether the soluble form of LOTUS (s-LOTUS) also has an inhibitory action on NgR1 function as a candidate for therapeutic agents. Here, we show that s-LOTUS inhibits NgR1-mediated signaling by inhibiting the molecular interaction between NgR1 and its coreceptor, p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). In contrast to the membrane-bound form of LOTUS, s-LOTUS did not block ligand binding to NgR1. However, we identified p75NTRas a novel LOTUS binding partner and found that s-LOTUS suppressed the interaction between p75NTRand NgR1. s-LOTUS inhibited myelin-associated inhibitor (MAI)-induced RhoA activation in murine cortical neurons. Functional analyses revealed that s-LOTUS inhibited MAI-induced growth cone collapse and neurite outgrowth inhibition in chick DRG neurons. In addition, whereas olfactory bulb neurons oflotus-KO mice are sensitive to MAI due to a lack of LOTUS expression, treatment with s-LOTUS inhibited MAI-induced growth cone collapse in these neurons. Finally, we observed that s-LOTUS promoted axonal regeneration in optic nerve crush injury of mice (either sex). These findings suggest that s-LOTUS inhibits NgR1-mediated signaling, possibly by interfering with the interaction between NgR1 and p75NTR. Therefore, s-LOTUS may have potential as a therapeutic agent for neuronal regeneration in the damaged CNS.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNogo receptor type 1 (NgR1) is a receptor well known to inhibit neuronal regeneration in the CNS. Because the membrane-bound form of lateral olfactory tract usher substance (LOTUS) antagonizes NgR1 through acis-type molecular interaction between LOTUS and NgR1, the soluble form of LOTUS (s-LOTUS) is expected to be a therapeutic agent for neuronal regeneration. In our present study, we show that s-LOTUS inhibits the interaction between NgR1 and p75NTR, NgR1 ligand-induced RhoA activation, growth cone collapse, and neurite outgrowth inhibition and promotes axonal regeneration. Our results indicate that s-LOTUS inhibits NgR1-mediated signaling through atrans-type molecular interaction between LOTUS and NgR1 and, therefore, s-LOTUS may have therapeutic potential for neuronal regeneration.
The Primacy of Spatial Context in the Neural Representation of Events
Authors: Robin Jessica , Buchsbaum Bradley R. , Moscovitch Morris
Published: February 2018

Some theories of episodic memory hypothesize that spatial context plays a fundamental role in episodic memory, acting as a scaffold on which episodes are constructed. A prediction based on this hypothesis is that spatial context should play a primary role in the neural representation of an event. To test this hypothesis in humans, male and female participants imagined events, composed of familiar locations, people, and objects, during an fMRI scan. We used multivoxel pattern analysis to determine the neural areas in which events could be discriminated based on each feature. We found that events could be discriminated according to their location in areas throughout the autobiographical memory network, including the parahippocampal cortex and posterior hippocampus, retrosplenial cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and medial prefrontal cortex. Events were also discriminable based on person and object features, but in fewer regions. Comparing classifier performance in regions involved in memory for scenes and events demonstrated that the location of an event was more accurately classified than the person or object involved. These results support theories that suggest that spatial context is a prominent defining feature of episodic memory.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRemembered and imagined events are complex, consisting of many elements, including people, objects, and locations. In this study, we sought to determine how these types of elements differentially contribute to how the brain represents an event. Participants imagined events consisting of familiar locations, people, and objects (e.g., kitchen, mom, umbrella) while their brain activity was recorded with fMRI. We found that the neural patterns of activity in brain regions associated with spatial and episodic memory could distinguish events based on their location, and to some extent, based on the people and objects involved. These results suggest that the spatial context of an event plays an important role in how an event is represented in the brain.
Mineralocorticoid hypertension and hypokalaemia induced by posaconazole
Authors: Boughton Charlotte , Taylor David , Ghataore Lea , Taylor Norman , Whitelaw Benjamin C
Published: February 2018

We describe severe hypokalaemia and hypertension due to a mineralocorticoid effect in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome taking posaconazole as antifungal prophylaxis. Two distinct mechanisms due to posaconazole are identified: inhibition of 11β hydroxylase leading to the accumulation of the mineralocorticoid hormone 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and secondly, inhibition of 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11βHSD2), as demonstrated by an elevated serum cortisol-to-cortisone ratio. The effects were ameliorated by spironolactone. We also suggest that posaconazole may cause cortisol insufficiency. Patients taking posaconazole should therefore be monitored for hypokalaemia, hypertension and symptoms of hypocortisolaemia, at the onset of treatment and on a monthly basis. Treatment with mineralocorticoid antagonists (spironolactone or eplerenone), supplementation of glucocorticoids (e.g. hydrocortisone) or dose reduction or cessation of posaconazole should all be considered as management strategies.

Learning points:

Combined hypertension and hypokalaemia are suggestive of mineralocorticoid excess; further investigation is appropriate.

If serum aldosterone is suppressed, then further investigation to assess for an alternative mineralocorticoid is appropriate, potentially using urine steroid profiling and/or serum steroid panelling.

Posaconazole can cause both hypokalaemia and hypertension, and we propose that this is due to two mechanisms – both 11β hydroxylase inhibition and 11β HSD2 inhibition.

Posaconazole treatment may lead to cortisol insufficiency, which may require treatment; however, in this clinical case, the effect was mild.

First-line treatment of this presentation would likely be use of a mineralocorticoid antagonist.

Patients taking posaconazole should be monitored for hypertension and hypokalaemia on initiation and monthly thereafter.
Reformando la educación médica para una atención integral y con calidad
Authors: Núñez-Vergara Manuel L. , Saavedra-Leveau Carlos
Published: February 2018

Son innumerables los avances en el desarrollo social y la práctica médica, pudiéndose constatar que muchos de los flagelos de ayer, particularmente aquellos asociados a las condiciones de vida y enfermedades infecciosas, han retrocedido significativamente. Sin embargo, importantes segmentos de nuestra población aun no encuentran una atención integral a sus problemas de salud, lo que además se ve asociado, por ejemplo, a la presencia de nuevos agentes infecciosos, reconfiguraciones demográficas y epidemiológicas, transformaciones sociales y riesgos ambientales que emergen o recrudecen, cambios que no han sido acompañados necesariamente al mismo paso por avances en la educación de los profesionales de la salud en nuestras facultades (1). En varias ocasiones, más allá de discursos y esfuerzos, hemos de reconocer que nuestras aulas han sido testigos de reformas, sin cambios (2) en la esencia o inclusive en la forma con que nuestros estudiantes aprenden.
Propuesta de factor de corrección a las mediciones de hemoglobina por pisos altitudinales en menores de 6 a 59 meses de edad, en el Perú
Authors: Bartolo-Marchena Marco , Pajuelo-Ramírez Jaime , Obregón-Cahuaya Cristian , Bonilla-Untiveros Catherine , Racacha-Valladares Elizabeth , Bravo-Rebatta Fernando
Published: February 2018

Introducción. La anemia nutricional es el problema de mayor magnitud en el Perú. Objetivo. Determinar el comportamiento de la hemoglobina según pisos altitudinales, en niños peruanos, con la finalidad de proponer un factor de corrección nacional. Diseño. Descriptivo, transversal. Lugar. A nivel nacional. Participantes. 22 500 niños de 6 a 59 meses de edad. Intervenciones. Se ha usado la data de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES 2015) eligiéndose, para la formulación de la propuesta, a los niños no anémicos. Se trabajó con un modelo de regresión exponencial, siendo el factor de corrección de hemoglobina por altitud: 8,3 * e (0,000426 * altura)-12. Principales medidas de resultados. Prevalencia de anemia por altitud. Resultados. Se comparó la prevalencia de anémicos diagnosticados con el factor de corrección propuesto frente al usado tradicionalmente del Center of Disease Control (CDC). Las diferencias a nivel nacional alcanzaron al 2,5%, evidenciándose más marcadas por encima de 3 000 msnm, con 9,2%. Los departamentos con diferencias de 5 puntos porcentuales y más fueron Junín (5,6%), Cusco (5,7%), Ayacucho (6%), Pasco (7,4%), Apurímac (7,8%), Huancavelica (9,9%) y Puno (12,7%). Conclusiones. El factor de corrección propuesto identifica menor prevalencia de anemia que el factor tradicionalmente utilizado, y esta se sustenta en las mayores diferencias que se dan a partir de los 3 000 msnm.
Disminución de las infecciones asociadas al catéter venoso central mediante intervenciones sencillas y de bajo costo, en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos
Authors: Nakachi-Morimoto Graciela , Alvarado-Palacios Margarita , Santiago-Abal Mitzi , Shimabuku-Azato Roberto
Published: February 2018

Objetivo. Disminuir las infecciones intrahospitalarias del torrente sanguíneo asociadas al catéter venoso central (ITS-CVC) mediante la aplicación de intervenciones sencillas de bajo costo basadas en evidencias, en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). Diseño. Estudio prospectivo de cohorte. Institución. Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (INSN), Lima, Perú. Métodos. Se evaluaron todos los pacientes menores de 18 años con catéter venoso central (CVC) de 2007 a 2012. Se realizó una medida basal antes del inicio del proyecto del 2007 al 2010. Durante la duración del proyecto, del 2011 al 2012 se implementaron medidas sencillas y de bajo costo. Principales medidas de resultado. Tasa de infección del torrente sanguíneo asociado a CVC (ITS-CVC) por 1 000 días catéter. Resultados. Durante el periodo preproyecto (2007-2010) se vigilaron 1 047 pacientes con CVC durante 9 303 días de exposición al CVC; 60 hicieron ITS asociados a CVC, con una tasa de incidencia anual promedio de 6,03 (10,01, 5,33, 3,28 y 5,49, respectivamente por año). Durante el periodo del proyecto se vigilaron 267 pacientes, con 2 403 días de exposición con CVC; 4 pacientes presentaron ITS asociado a CVC registrándose una tasa promedio anual de ITS-CVC de 1,7. Se estimó que en el 2011 se pudieron haber prevenido nueve ITS-CVC con un costo estimado de 338 364 soles por año. Conclusiones. La disminución de las ITS-CVC en la UCIP fue sostenida durante los meses de implementación del proyecto. Las medidas sencillas de bajo costo disminuyeron la tasa promedio anual de ITS-CVC a 1,7.
LOS SISTEMAS DE COSTOS EN LAS EMPRESAS INDUSTRIALES ATUNERAS DE MANTA
Authors: Govea Andrade Karina
Published: February 2018

La investigación permitió caracterizar a las empresas del sector industrial atunero de la ciudad de Manta-Ecuador que tienen establecido un sistema de contabilidad de costos para su gestión; por otro lado, evaluar la relación entre el grado de utilización de sistemas de costos sobre la rentabilidad de las compañías. A partir de dichos objetivos, se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial sobre la relación entre las variables de 15 de las 23 empresas inmersas en el sector de la ciudad de Manta. De este modo, se concluyó que existe una igualdad estadística significativa entre el uso del sistema de costo por orden de producción y el sistema de costo estándar para determinar la rentabilidad. Además, se comprobó que el método más utilizado por las empresas es el sistema de costos por órdenes de producción, identificando que el mayor uso de los sistemas es establecer costos tener un control, el 80% de las empresas encuestadas tienen una estructura de capital mayormente familiar.
La Familia Calyptraeidae en el Perú (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) -Fe de errata
Authors: Paredes Carlos , Cardoso Franz
Published: February 2018

Rev. peru. biol. número especial 13(3): 177 - 184 (Julio 2007)Error en la figura 1 y 2: las imágenes de las fotos se encuentran volteadas en 180°, es decir las fotos son imágenes especulares.Error in Figure 1 and 2: the images of the photos are turned 180°, ie. each photo is the mirror image.
Fly With Me: how Stanley Park High School developed an alternative vision and practice, as told through the narrative of four teachers
Authors: Davies Mike
Published: February 2018

This article introduces texts by practitioners at Stanley Park High School, links these to articles about the school in the previous issue of FORUM, and endorses the continuing commitment at Stanley Park to encouraging a thriving learning culture.
Labour's Pedagogic Project and the Crisis of Social Democracy in the English Labour Party
Authors: Ainley Patrick , Allen Martin
Published: February 2018

This article contends that the implementation of government policies is mediated principally by the state, the economy and social class but that these have all changed so markedly since 1945 that education can no longer be seen as having the reforming role attributed to it in the post-war
years. The continued assumption that it does means that, were policies based upon Labour's characteristic pedagogic project to be implemented in government, they may well lead to disillusion. This would only contribute to, rather than help resolve, the crisis of social democracy in the British
Labour Party.
Predicting Recession Probabilities Using the Slope of the Yield Curve
Authors: Johansson Peter , Meldrum Andrew
Published: February 2018

In this FEDS Note, we examine the predictions of various models and recent surveys of the probability of a recession in the near term.
STUDENTS’ SPECIFIC COMPREHENSION SKILLS IN ENGLISH BASED ON SCHOOL LOCATIONS, GRADES, AND GENDER
Authors: Mirizon Soni , Diem Chuzaimah Dahlan , Vianty Machdalena
Published: February 2018

Having good English proficiency is a necessity in the 21st century and students’ comprehension skills must be identified before any teaching is done. Studies that investigate students’ comprehension skills have been conducted over years but the one related to students’ specific comprehension skills in terms of their school locations, grade levels, and gender has not been much discussed. This study aims at investigating 355 junior high school students’ specific comprehension skills as measured by 18 assessments of Warncke Informal Comprehension Assessment (WICA) Instruments (Warncke & Shipman, 1984) based on their school locations (City-based District—CBD, the district which has all levels of education—ALED, and underprivileged-based district—UBD) of Palembang City, grade levels (7th, 8th, 9th) and gender in a developing country context. The findings show that students’ comprehension achievement is in average level with those from CBD neighborhood have better mean score than those from the other two locations respectively and higher graders have higher achievements. In terms of gender, females is better than that of males. While the highest students’ achievements are on multiple meanings and context and details, the lowest one is on affixes, and the most influential factors on comprehension are school locations and grades. These results lead to the conclusion that students’ comprehension should be enhanced and good school environment provided. It also suggests that the degree of difficulty of the materials match students’ grade-level and students be taught using more innovating strategies to achieve the best comprehension and eventually applicable outcome.