bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Etiology, syndrome diagnosis, and cognition in childhood‐onset epilepsy: A population‐based study
Authors: Sokka Arja , Olsen Päivi , Kirjavainen Jarkko , Harju Maijakaisa , Keski‐Nisula Leea , Räisänen Sari , Heinonen Seppo , Kälviäinen Reetta
Published: December 2016

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence of various etiologies of epilepsies and epilepsy syndromes and to estimate cognitive function in cases of childhood‐onset epilepsy.

Methods

A population‐based retrospective registry study. We identified all medically treated children with epilepsy born in 1989–2007 in Finland's Kuopio University Hospital catchment area, combining data from the birth registry and the national registry of special‐reimbursement medicines. We reevaluated the epilepsy diagnoses and syndromes and gathered data on etiologies and cognitive impairment.

Results

We identified 289 children with epilepsy. The annual incidence rate of epilepsies and epilepsy syndromes was 38 in 100,000, and the misdiagnosis rate was 3%. A specific etiology was identified in 65% of the cases, with a structural etiology accounting for 29% and a genetic or presumed genetic etiology for 32%. Most patients with unknown‐etiology epilepsy had focal epilepsy and were of normal intelligence. Intellectual disability was detected in 35% of cases, and only 17% in this group had an unknown etiology for the epilepsy. Electroclinical syndromes (mainly West syndrome) were recognized in 35% of the patients.

Significance

Epilepsy is a complex disease that encompasses many etiologies and rare syndromes. The etiology and specific epilepsy syndrome are important determinants of the outcome and key factors in treatment selection. Etiological diagnosis can be achieved for the majority of children and syndromic diagnosis for only a third.
Corrective Experiences of Psychotherapists in Training
Authors: Moertl Kathrin , Giri Himanshu , Angus Lynne , Constantino Michael J.
Published: December 2016

Although the concept of corrective experiences (CEs) is usually linked to the process of change in psychotherapy patients, we investigated them in the professional development of therapists‐in‐training. Inasmuch as psychotherapy is a relational process, it is important to look closely at how therapists reach the position of a competent partner in corrective experiencing. In this study, we interviewed 10 therapists‐in‐training undergoing their own training therapy. Responses to these semistructured interviews were analyzed using a computer‐assisted grounded theory method. The 499 first‐level categories were grouped into 5 main themes: therapist characteristics, therapist technical interventions, therapist relational interventions, relationship experience, and outcome experience. Two core categories representing corrective experiencing were (a) unexpected unconditional support from and trust in their own therapist and (b) unexpected confrontation and limitation with their therapist as well as awareness of self–other boundaries. Results are discussed in the broader context of the CE literature, relational theory, and relational practice.
Patterns of Connectivity: The Enactment of Organisational Routines in Greenfield Projects
Authors: Bygdås Arne Lindseth
Published: December 2016

Organisational routines are commonly associated with conduct of recurrent work practices as an important means to achieve organisational efficiency. This paper investigates why observations of seemingly non‐routine complex practices across space and time display action patterns resembling characteristic features of organisational routines. The empirical basis consists of studies of three greenfield projects conducted by a light metal supplier with locations all around the world. The analysis shows that the constitution and performance of a set of cross‐organisational practices display similar patterns of interactions in each project resembling an understanding of organisational routines as isomorphic and functional patterns. I introduce a perspective of routines that build upon the enactive approach in cognitive science and theories of social becoming viewing organisational actions as everyday social interactions emanating from a nexus of intersubjectively generated and shared meanings that emerge and are maintained through articulation, stories, and negotiations. This implies that organisational routines as patterns of social interactions are culturally mediated and should be conceived as achievements rather than stable or given dispositions as it is often assumed in current literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Embedding data provenance into the Learning Health System to facilitate reproducible research
Authors: Curcin Vasa
Published: December 2016

Introduction

The learning health system (LHS) community has taken up the challenge of bringing the complex relationship between clinical research and practice into this brave new world. At the heart of the LHS vision is the notion of routine capture, transformation, and dissemination of data and knowledge, with various use cases, such as clinical studies, quality improvement initiatives, and decision support, constructed on top of specific routes that the data is taking through the system. In order to stop this increased data volume and analytical complexity from obfuscating the research process, it is essential to establish trust in the system through implementing reproducibility and auditability throughout the workflow.

Methods

Data provenance technologies can automatically capture the trace of the research task and resulting data, thereby facilitating reproducible research. While some computational domains, such as bioinformatics, have embraced the technology through provenance‐enabled execution middlewares, disciplines based on distributed, heterogeneous software, such as medical research, are only starting on the road to adoption, motivated by the institutional pressures to improve transparency and reproducibility.

Results

Guided by the experiences of the TRANSFoRm project, we present the opportunities that data provenance offers to the LHS community. We illustrate how provenance can facilitate documenting 21 CFR Part 11 compliance for Food and Drug Administration submissions and provide auditability for decisions made by the decision support tools and discuss the transformational effect of routine provenance capture on data privacy, study reporting, and publishing medical research.

Conclusions

If the scaling up of the LHS is to succeed, we have to embed mechanisms to verify trust in the system inside our research instruments. In the research world increasingly reliant on electronic tools, provenance gives us a lingua franca to achieve traceability, which we have shown to be essential to building these mechanisms. To realize the vision of making computable provenance a feasible approach to implementing reproducibility in the LHS, we have to provide viable mechanisms for adoption. These include defining meaningful provenance models for problem domains and also introducing provenance support to existing tools in a minimally invasive manner.
Development of a Novel Immobilization Method by Using Microgels to Keep Enzyme in Hydrated Microenvironment in Porous Hydrophobic Membranes
Authors: Vitola Giuseppe , Büning Dominic , Schumacher Jens , Mazzei Rosalinda , Giorno Lidietta , Ulbricht Mathias
Published: December 2016

Using colloidal polyacrylamide (PAAm) microgels as carriers, a novel strategy for covalent immobilization of enzymes maintained in hydrated microenvironment on/in a macroporous surface‐functionalized hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane is developed. The PAAm microgels are synthesized by inverse miniemulsion polymerization, and first the parameters are investigated which are suited to obtain particles in the desired size range, 100–200 nm, with narrow size distribution. Amino functions are then imparted to the microgels applying the Hofmann reaction. The modification is confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, ninhydrin test, and elemental analysis. In addition, functionalized microgels are characterized by dynamic light scattering. The amino‐functionalized PAAm microgels are then immobilized on pre‐modified PVDF membrane having aldehyde functionalities on the surface. Afterward, unreacted aldehyde groups still present on the membrane where quenched by ethanolamine and the enzyme lipase from Candida rugosa (LCR) is subsequently immobilized on the microgels loaded PVDF membrane via glutaraldehyde cross‐linking, exploiting the free amino groups on immobilized microgels. Catalytic efficiency of LCR immobilized by this strategy is evaluated using para‐nitrophenyl palmitate as substrate and compared with LCR directly immobilized on PVDF membrane without microgels. Results show that LCR immobilized by means of microgels exhibits better performance with a 2.3‐fold higher specific biocatalytic activity.

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Detection of smoke‐induced pulmonary lesions by hyperpolarized 129Xe diffusion kurtosis imaging in rat models
Authors: Ruan Weiwei , Zhong Jianping , Guan Yu , Xia Yi , Zhao Xiuchao , Han Yeqing , Sun Xianping , Liu Shiyuan , Ye Chaohui , Zhou Xin
Published: December 2016

Purpose

To demonstrate that hyperpolarized (HP) xenon diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is able to detect smoke‐induced pulmonary lesions in rat models.

Methods

Multi‐b DKI with hyperpolarized xenon was used for the first time in five smoke‐exposed rats and five healthy rats. Additionally, DKI with b values of up to 80 s/cm2 were used in two healthy rats to probe the critical b value (a limit beyond which the DKI cannot describe the non‐Gaussian diffusion).

Results

The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (Dapp) and diffusion kurtosis (Kapp) extracted by the DKI model revealed significant changes in the smoke‐exposed rats compared with those in the control group (P = 0.027 and 0.039, respectively), exhibiting strong correlations with mean linear intercept (Lm) from the histology. Although the maximum b value was increased to 80 s/cm2, the DKI could still describe the non‐Gaussian diffusion (R2 > 0.97).

Conclusion

DKI with hyperpolarized xenon exhibited sensitivity in the detection of pulmonary lesions induced by smoke, including moderate emphysema and small airway diseases. The critical b value was rarely exceeded in DKI of the lungs due to the limited gradient strength of the MRI scanner used in our study. Magn Reson Med 78:1891–1899, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
True and apparent optogenetic BOLDfMRI signals
Authors: Schmid Florian , Wachsmuth Lydia , Albers Franziska , Schwalm Miriam , Stroh Albrecht , Faber Cornelius
Published: December 2016

Purpose

Optogenetic fMRI (ofMRI) is a novel tool in neurophysiology and neuroimaging. The method is prone to light‐induced artifacts, two of which were investigated in this study.

Methods

ofMRI was performed in rats using two excitatory opsins (ChR2 and C1V1TT) virally transduced in somatosensory cortex or thalamus. Heat‐induced apparent BOLD activation at the site of the optical fiber and stimulation light–induced activation of the visual pathways were investigated, and control experiments for these two artifacts were established.

Results

Specific optogenetic BOLD activation was observed with both opsins, accompanied by BOLD in the visual pathways. Unspecific heat‐induced BOLD was ruled out by a control experiment employing low‐level constant illumination in addition to pulsed optogenetic stimulation. Activation of the visual pathways was confirmed to be physiological by direct visual stimulation of the eyes and was suppressed by additional low‐level constant light to the eyes. Light inside the brain was identified as one source of the BOLD signal observed in the visual pathways.

Conclusion

ofMRI is a method of tremendous potential, but unspecific activations in fMRI not caused by the activation of opsins must be avoided or recognized as such. The control experiments presented here allow for validating the specificity of optogenetic stimulation. Magn Reson Med 77:126–136, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A model for geographically distributed combat interactions of swarming naval and air forces
Authors: McLemore Connor , Gaver Donald , Jacobs Patricia
Published: December 2016

This article describes the Distributed Interaction Campaign Model (DICM), an exploratory campaign analysis tool and asset allocation decision‐aid for managing geographically distributed and swarming naval and air forces. The model is capable of fast operation, while accounting for uncertainty in an opponent's plan. It is intended for use by commanders and analysts who have limited time for model runs, or a finite budget. The model is purpose‐built for the Pentagon's Office of Net Assessment, and supports analysis of the following questions: What happens when swarms of geographically distributed naval and air forces engage each other and what are the key elements of the opponents’ force to attack? Are there changes to force structure that make a force more effective, and what impacts will disruptions in enemy command and control and wide‐area surveillance have? Which insights are to be gained by fast exploratory mathematical/computational campaign analysis to augment and replace expensive and time‐consuming simulations? An illustrative example of model use is described in a simple test scenario. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 562–576, 2016
Level workforce planning for multistage transfer lines
Authors: Vairaktarakis George , Szmerekovsky Joseph G. , Xu Jiayan
Published: December 2016

In this article, we define two different workforce leveling objectives for serial transfer lines. Each job is to be processed on each transfer station for c time periods (e.g., hours). We assume that the number of workers needed to complete each operation of a job in precisely c periods is given. Jobs transfer forward synchronously after every production cycle (i.e., c periods). We study two leveling objectives: maximin workforce size
() and min range (R). Leveling objectives produce schedules where the cumulative number of workers needed in all stations of a transfer line does not experience dramatic changes from one production cycle to the next. For and a two‐station system, we develop a fast polynomial algorithm. The range problem is known to be NP‐complete. For the two‐station system, we develop a very fast optimal algorithm that uses a tight lower bound and an efficient procedure for finding complementary Hamiltonian cycles in bipartite graphs. Via a computational experiment, we demonstrate that range schedules are superior because not only do they limit the workforce fluctuations from one production cycle to the next, but they also do so with a minor increase in the total workforce size. We extend our results to the m‐station system and develop heuristic algorithms. We find that these heuristics work poorly for min range (R), which indicates that special structural properties of the m‐station problem need to be identified before we can develop efficient algorithms. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 577–590, 2016
Metabolic remodeling triggered by salivation and diabetes in major salivary glands
Authors: Nogueira Fernando N. , Carvalho Rui A.
Published: December 2016

The metabolic profile of major salivary glands was evaluated by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance isotopomer analysis (13C NMR‐IA) following the infusion of [U‐13C]glucose in order to define the true metabolic character of submandibular (SM) and parotid (PA) glands at rest and during salivary stimulation, and to determine the metabolic remodeling driven by diabetes. In healthy conditions, the SM gland is characterized at rest by a glycolytic metabolic profile and extensive pyruvate cycling. On the contrary, the PA gland, although also dominated by glycolysis, also possesses significant Krebs’ cycle activity and does not sustain extensive pyruvate cycling. Under stimulation, both glands increase their glycolytic and Krebs’ cycle fluxes, but the metabolic coupling between the two pathways is further compromised to account for the much increased biosynthetic anaplerotic fluxes. In diabetes, the responsiveness of the PA gland to a salivary stimulus is seriously hindered, mostly as a result of the incapacity to burst glycolytic activity and also an inability to improve the Krebs’ cycle flux to compensate. The Krebs’ cycle activity in the SM gland is also consistently compromised, but the glycolytic flux in this gland is more resilient. This diabetes‐induced metabolic remodeling in SM and PA salivary glands illustrates the metabolic need to sustain adequate saliva production, and identifies glycolytic and oxidative pathways as key players in the metabolic dynamism of salivary glands.
External motivators for donation of money and/or goods
Authors: Mainardes Emerson Wagner , Laurett Rozélia , Degasperi Nívea Coelho Pereira , Lasso Sarah Venturim
Published: December 2016

This research sought to identify and group the external motivators that encourage individuals in emerging countries to donate money and/or goods. Therefore, 46 external variables were identified in the literature that motivate an individual to donate. They were grouped by similarity into five external donation motivating factors (environmental and/or political motivation, the cause or circumstances of the donation, the organisation's characteristics, influence from third parties, and personal rewards) that resulted in a proposed donation model. This model was supported by semi‐structured interviews with 22 individuals who donate money and/or goods frequently. The results supported the existence of the five proposed factors in the model and three new variables were identified: a “lack of government support,” “service for the donor” and “donation tuition with low value.”
Impaired adrenergic agonist‐dependent beige adipocyte induction in aged mice
Authors: Shin Woongchul , Okamatsu‐Ogura Yuko , Machida Ken , Tsubota Ayumi , Nio‐Kobayashi Junko , Kimura Kazuhiro
Published: December 2016

Objective

There are two types of thermogenic adipocytes expressing uncoupling protein (UCP)−1: the brown adipocyte activated by adrenergic stimulation and the beige adipocyte that appears within the white adipose tissue (WAT) in response to chronic adrenergic stimulation. This study examined age‐related changes in responses of both types of adipocytes to adrenergic stimulation in mice.

Methods

Aged (age 20 months) and young (4 months) mice were injected daily with either saline or β3‐adrenergic receptor agonist CL316,243 (CL; 0.1 mg/kg, once a day) for 1 week.

Results

The body and WAT weight tended to be higher in aged mice. CL treatment increased UCP‐1 protein amounts in both brown adipose tissue and inguinal WAT, suggesting activation of brown and beige adipocytes. However, induction of beige adipocytes was impaired in aged mice, whereas brown adipocyte activation was comparable to young mice. The number of platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α‐expressing progenitor cells, which were reported to differentiate into beige adipocytes, significantly decreased in inguinal WAT of aged mice compared with that of young mice.

Conclusions

Inductive ability of beige adipocytes in WAT declines with aging in mice. It may be partly because of a decreased number of progenitor cells associated with aging.
The effect of exercise on body composition and bone mineral density in breast cancer survivors taking aromatase inhibitors
Authors: Thomas Gwendolyn A. , Cartmel Brenda , Harrigan Maura , Fiellin Martha , Capozza Scott , Zhou Yang , Ercolano Elizabeth , Gross Cary P. , Hershman Dawn , Ligibel Jennifer , Schmitz Kathryn , Li Fang‐Yong , Sanft Tara , Irwin Melinda L.
Published: December 2016

Objective

This study examined the effect of 12 months of aerobic and resistance exercise versus usual care on changes in body composition in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors taking aromatase inhibitors (AIs).

Methods

The Hormones and Physical Exercise study enrolled 121 breast cancer survivors and randomized them to either supervised twice‐weekly resistance exercise training and 150 min/wk of aerobic exercise (N = 61) or a usual care (N = 60) group. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scans were conducted at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months to assess changes in body mass index, percent body fat, lean body mass, and bone mineral density.

Results

At 12 months, the exercise group relative to the usual care group had a significant increase in lean body mass (0.32 vs. −0.88 kg, P = 0.03), a decrease in percent body fat (−1.4% vs. 0.48%, P = 0.03), and a decrease in body mass index (−0.73 vs. 0.17 kg/m2, P = 0.03). Change in bone mineral density was not significantly different between groups at 12 months (0.001 vs. −0.006 g/cm2, P = 0.37).

Conclusions

A combined resistance and aerobic exercise intervention improved body composition in breast cancer survivors taking AIs. Exercise interventions may help to mitigate the negative side effects of AIs and improve health outcomes in breast cancer survivors.
Digital sociology and information science research
Authors: Greyson Devon , Quan‐Haase Anabel , Cooke Nicole A. , Worrall Adam
Published: December 2016

Digital sociology is a new subfield of sociology that has challenged the discipline to engage with digital methods, information practices, and questions of societal data use. Such topics have been central to information science research for decades; however, renewed attention being called to them by sociologists creates both opportunities and challenges for information researchers who incorporate sociological theory or methods into their work. This panel invites audience members to consider the emergence of digital sociology and to explore what it means for information science research. Panelists, drawing on a variety of disciplinary roots, will introduce and contextualize the idea of digital sociology, explore issues related to the existing and potential intersection between digital sociology and information science, and examine tensions and criticisms related to sociological digital information research. Following a brief introduction and presentations from four panelists who are themselves using or exploring digital sociology in information research, there will be an open question and answer session with the audience, followed by World Café style small group discussions designed for attendees to share perspectives, make connections with each other, and discuss methods for future research with a sociological lens.
Information practices meet lifelogging technologies: Towards a successful multimethod research framework
Authors: Joho Hideo , Gurrin Cathal , Heinström Jannica , Matsubayashi Mamiko
Published: December 2016

Information Practice research emphasises on contextual factors such as the situation, social roles, collaborators, or communications of information behaviour. This wider scope allows us to gain enriched, deeper, and complex understanding of how people interact with information in various contexts. However, this also poses researchers many challenges in data collection and analyses, since conventional methods such as observations, interviews, surveys might not either possible or complete. Meanwhile, a range of wearable devices have become commodity and collecting a large amount of personal lifelog data has become much easier than before. On the other hand, the researchers who are familiar with qualitative methods and computational methods do not often communicate, although they are likely to have common research agenda.

This proposed panel provides a unique opportunity to invite panellists from the two research communities, and discusses how lifelogging technologies may (or may not!) contribute and transform information practice research. The panel will also involve the audience in sharing their personal or scientific experience with lifelogging technologies, or their expectations or concerns regarding the use of lifelogging technologies in their research. Outcomes from the panel discussion should yield some clear pointers that can facilitate multimethod research in Information Practices.
Open innovation in smart cities: Civic participation and co‐creation of public services
Authors: Mainka Agnes , Castelnovo Walter , Miettinen Virve , Bech‐Petersen Sidsel , Hartmann Sarah , Stock Wolfgang G.
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this panel is to discuss actual developments in the co‐creation of public services and the role of information science within it. With the advent of the knowledge society, participation and co‐creation of public services have become crucial in smart‐city decision‐making processes. Transfer of knowledge through face‐to‐face interaction and the transfer of information through digital networks are spurring the process of innovation. The combination of both dimensions needs particular attention in the field of information science to enable suitable methods of knowledge management at a city level. This panel will bring together best‐practice examples and research frameworks. In real‐world scenarios, citizens are involved in decision‐making in the case of public library development. First, frameworks of smart‐city assessment and of knowledge management at the city level are discussed. Finally, the role of information science in open innovation processes will be the focus of this panel. For this purpose, the panel brings together researchers and practitioners from library and information science, as well as from neighboring disciplines, to discuss how information and communication technology (ICT) and open innovation are changing our society, culture, and urban space.
Life after tenure: Professional development strategies for mid‐career faculty
Authors: Byström Katriina , Given Lisa M. , Lopatovska Irene , O'Brien Heather , Rorissa Abebe
Published: December 2016

Many publications, institutional policies, and resources focus on the professional development of doctoral students and junior faculty while professional development needs and resources available to mid‐career faculty receive limited attention. The proposed panel aims to facilitate a discussion on issues faced by mid‐career faculty in the information disciplines. Professional development resources and strategies currently available to mid‐career faculty and administration will also be discussed. The panelists will include mid‐career and senior faculty from various institutions and information disciplines who will bring their multi‐disciplinary and international perspectives to the panel. The panel will be of interest to faculty and academic administrators at all‐levels of their careers.
Archival interventions: Anti‐violence and social justice work in community contexts
Authors: Ghaddar Jamila , Allard Danielle , Hubbard Melissa A.
Published: December 2016

This panel invites participants and panelists to consider together how archives and other information institutions might work with and engage communities experiencing ongoing and extreme (neo)colonial violence and oppression. We begin from a perspective that suggests that community and/or autonomous archives that reflect community perspectives and histories may indeed have the potential to support the efforts of these same communities to grapple with complex and violent (neo)colonial histories and experiences and to re‐story dominant narratives that serve to stigmatize and marginalize them. This panel explores both the possibilities and limitations of antiviolence archival interventions from a number of angles, including: interrogating the role of the archivist in community archiving; reflecting on how partnerships can be built between archival institutions and communities; and considering how anti‐violence, anti‐racist, decolonizing, and feminist theoretical frameworks can aid archival interventions that speak to the efforts of communities aimed at overcoming structural violence and erasure. Drawing on the archival experiences and practice of panelists, this panel poses a series of questions to the audience to generate discussions aimed at drawing connections between relevant theories, and practical and technical considerations in the service of anti‐violence archiving.
Crowdsourcing approaches for knowledge organization systems: Crowd collaboration or crowd work?
Authors: Zhitomirsky‐Geffet Maayan , Kwaśnik Barbara H. , Bullard Julia , Hajibayova Lala , Hamari Juho , Bowman Timothy
Published: December 2016

Development of Internet technologies has empowered ordinary users to create, contribute, share and connect with other members of the community. As users learn to exploit the potential of networked communications, they participate in a process, which facilitates a shift from individual to collective contributions and introduces an opportunity for multi‐vocal and multi‐faceted representation of cultural heritage. Open access to crowdsourced collections requires reconsideration of the traditional authoritative approach of cultural heritage institutions. The arduous nature of the work rendered voluntarily in cultural heritage crowdsourcing initiatives calls for reconsideration of power relationships and giving power to devoted contributors supported by modern “intelligent” technology to regulate the process of representation and organization. Taking into consideration the fact that crowdsourced data are not without flaws, the question is how to better utilize the collective intelligence to create quality information. In this context, various issues such as power, control, trust, inter‐contributor consensus, heterogeneity of opinions will be raised and discussed by the panelists. Each of the panelists comes from a different field of expertise (Computer science, Information science, Economics, Communication studies, cultural heritage) and various cultural backgrounds and geographical locations (United States, Europe and Israel). This diversity will be reflected in the presented perspectives on the crowdsourcing topic.
Information literacy: Bridging the gap between theory and practice
Authors: Beheshti Jamshid , Bilal Dania , Mackey Thomas P. , Limberg Louise , Bartlett Joan C. , Gwizdka Jacek , Jacobson Trudi , Ishimura Yusuke
Published: December 2016

The objective of this panel is to discuss a multi‐faceted conceptual framework to link information literacy theory and practice. The panelists will present findings of their research into adult and young users' knowledge of and competencies in information literacy in varied information environments. The ultimate goal of the panel is to build consensus on a future research agenda that could lead to bridging the gap between information literacy theory and practice.
Bibliometrics and information retrieval: Creating knowledge through research synergies
Authors: Bar‐Ilan Judit , John Marcus , Koopman Rob , Wang Shenghui , Mayr Philipp , Scharnhorst Andrea , Wolfram Dietmar
Published: December 2016

This panel brings together experts in bibliometrics and information retrieval to discuss how each of these two important areas of information science can help to inform the research of the other. There is a growing body of literature that capitalizes on the synergies created by combining methodological approaches of each to solve research problems and practical issues related to how information is created, stored, organized, retrieved and used. The session will begin with an overview of the common threads that exist between IR and metrics, followed by a summary of findings from the BIR workshops and examples of research projects that combine aspects of each area to benefit IR or metrics research areas, including search results ranking, semantic indexing and visualization. The panel will conclude with an engaging discussion with the audience to identify future areas of research and collaboration.
The onion router: Understanding a privacy enhancing technology community
Authors: Huang Hsiao‐Ying , Bashir Masooda
Published: December 2016

Internet technologies have made mass surveillance prevalent and much easier to carry out, while at the same time making personal privacy more difficult to protect. The ubiquity of personal data processing has raised public awareness about the infringement of information privacy. To protect users' information privacy, several initiatives have been developed to provide Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs). One of the most well‐known PETs is the Onion Router (Tor) network, which provides users with online anonymity. The Tor network is supported by a group of volunteers who contribute their resources to sustain the availability and quality of the service. However, Tor Volunteers may find themselves in a tough spot at times because Tor network is often monitored by law enforcement, which makes this PET community different from any other open‐source initiatives. To explore this volunteer community's motivation for providing their services despite the risks, we conducted an online survey. Our study results reveal that one of the main motivations for these volunteers is to advocate and provide privacy for online users. In addition, Tor‐relay operators report on their views about anonymous networks, the challenges they face, and how their belief in providing an opportunity for everyone to access information without interference or censorship is a key component of their volunteer participation.
The power of imaginary users: Designated communities in the OAIS reference model
Authors: Bettivia Rhiannon S.
Published: December 2016

This paper explores the Designated Community term within the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model. Information practitioners, particularly those who work with varied populations and popular materials such as public‐ or state‐sponsored libraries and museums, complain that this term is counter to their professional, ethical, and legal mandates to serve many types of user. Using interview data from digital preservation practitioners and scholars as well as interview data from OAIS authors, the author examines the meaning and history behind this term and what it prescribes for professional digital preservation practice. This work juxtaposes contentions of digital preservation practitioners with explanations provided by the authors of OAIS about the Designated Community term. The findings in this paper support the author's contention that alternative digital preservation models and metrics are necessary within cultural heritage institutions, like libraries and museums, to meet the professional standards of practice in those areas and to ensure the inclusion of broad populations within the user bases of digital repositories.
Music subject classification based on lyrics and user interpretations
Authors: Choi Kahyun , Lee Jin Ha , Hu Xiao , Downie J. Stephen
Published: December 2016

That music seekers consider song subject metadata to be helpful in their searching/browsing experience has been noted in prior published research. In an effort to develop a subject‐based tagging system, we explored the creation of automatically generated song subject classifications. Our classifications were derived from two different sources of song‐related text: 1) lyrics; and 2) user interpretations of lyrics collected fromsongmeanings.com. While both sources contain subject‐related information, we found that user‐generated interpretations always outperformed lyrics in terms of classification accuracy. This suggests that user interpretations are more useful in the subject classification task than lyrics because the semantically ambiguous poetic nature of lyrics tends to confuse classifiers. An examination of top‐ranked terms and confusion matrices supported our contention that users' interpretations work better for detecting the meaning of songs than what is conveyed through lyrics.
How I learned to love classical studies: Information representation design of the digital latin library
Authors: Abbas June , Baker Stacey Renee , Huskey Samuel J. , Weaver Chris
Published: December 2016

Application of the results of an information behavior study and domain analysis of Classics scholars of Latin, graduate students, and high school teachers are presented. The study was conducted to inform the design of the Digital Latin Library. Interviews and task demonstrations were conducted with 16 participants. An in depth domain analysis was also conducted to help researchers and system developers further understand the discipline of Classics and the unique system needs of this community. This paper outlines the detailed work analysis of one aspect of the Classical scholars' scholarly work, development of a critical edit ion, and shows how we modeled this process within the system design. We also illustrate how the rich findings produced from information behavior studies and domain analysis can be used in information representation design of complex, discipline specific systems. Further, it shows how the two methodological approaches within LIS can be used together.
Exploring the relationships between search intentions and query reformulations
Authors: Rha Eun Youp , Mitsui Matthew , Belkin Nicholas J. , Shah Chirag
Published: December 2016

We report on a study investigating the relationships among query reformulations and different search intentions during an information seeking session. Twenty‐four participants were each asked to search for information useful for two (of four) different journalism tasks; after completing each search, the search was replayed, and participants were asked to specify what they intended to accomplish in each query segment of the search session, and whether those intentions were satisfied. Logs of the searches were analyzed to extract the queries at the start and finish of each query segment, and query reformulations were classified. Results show that: participants regularly indicated a variety of different search intentions during the course of an information seeking session; there are some differences in reformulation types following different search intentions; there are some differences in reformulation types which follow satisfied and unsatisfied intentions; and, there are differences in the frequency of intentions following reformulations which themselves follow satisfied and unsatisfied intentions. Implications for system design are discussed.
Needs assessment of ASIS&T publications: Bridging information research and practice
Authors: Tang Rong , Mon Lorri , Beheshti Jamshid , Li Yuelin , Pollock Danielle , Ni Chaoqun , Chu Samuel , Xiao Lu , Caffrey Julia , Gentry Steven
Published: December 2016

This study reports the results of a 2016 online survey on perceptions and uses of ASIS&T publications. The 190 survey respondents represented 26 countries and 5 continents, with 77% of participants coming from academia rather than practitioners. Among the emerging themes were calls for a wider scope of research from information science to be reflected in the publications (includingJASIS&Tand theASIS&T Proceedings), and ongoing challenges in the role of theBulletinas a bridge between research and practice. The study provides insights into the scholarly publishing practices of the ASIS&T community and highlights key issues for the future direction of ASIS&T's scholarly communication.
A study of the informational properties of the ISIS's content
Authors: Afzal Waseem
Published: December 2016

Use of information networks by extremist groups to advance their totalitarian objectives is becoming a serious concern for global peace. The use of information networks is just one dimension; the other dimension and potentially more concerning is the production of sophisticated information content to influence public perception. One such group—the Islamic State of Iraq and al‐Sham (ISIS)—utilizing the affordances of information networks coupled with the sophisticated information content has been able to recruit a large number of foreign fighters from Western countries and hence is posing a threat to the national security of various nations. This research study analyses the content produced by the ISIS with an objective to identify (1) informational properties of and (2) information strategies used in their content. Initial findings suggest that ISIS's content is rich in information with affective, theological, political, and historical connotations. Furthermore, their content is designed with an objective to give highly positively and/or negatively skewed information.
Values, ethics and participatory policymaking in online communities
Authors: Centivany Alissa
Published: December 2016

Drawing upon principles and lessons of technology law and policy, value‐centered design, anticipatory design ethics, and information policy literatures this research seeks to contribute to understandings of the ways in which platform design, practice, and policymaking intersect on the social media site Reddit. This research explores how Reddit's users, moderators, and administrators surface values (like free speech, privacy, dignity, and autonomy), hint at ethical principles (what content, speech, behavior ought to be restricted and under what conditions), through a continuous process of (re)negotiating expectations and norms around values, ethics, and power on the site. Central to this research are questions such as: Who or what influences and/or determines social practice on Reddit? Who participates in decision‐making and using what processes and mechanisms? Where do controversies arise and how are they resolved? Generating findings from a particular controversy surrounding the subreddit /r/jailbait, the author illustrates the complexities inherent in these questions and suggests that a participatory policymaking approach might contribute to future research and practice in this area.
DocMatrix: Self‐teaching from multiple sources
Authors: Glassman Elena L. , Russell Daniel M.
Published: December 2016

Learners have a wealth of online resources to help them teach themselves new knowledge. However, not all resources are of equal quality or appropriateness for a learner, given the particular set of prior knowledge they bring to the learning task. Without a teacher, finding appropriate sources that shed light on a topic, collectively or individually, is critical. We present DocMatrix, an interface for viewing multiple documents in parallel, with three key features: a grid of document viewers, a common term sidebar, and enhanced tables of contents. It is designed to let an interested learner view, filter, highlight, and search many documents on a topic simultaneously. We implemented the DocMatrix interface for Google Books, and ran a user study of the prototype. The results of this study indicate DocMatrix allowed users to find, read, and synthesize more information than a traditional single‐book interface.
Toward an understanding of fiction and information behavior
Authors: Broussard Ramona , Doty Philip
Published: December 2016

The study of information science and technology has expanded over the years to include more kinds of people, more kinds of behavior, more methods, and a broader inclusion of fields. There is at least one area, however, where very few information studies scholars have tread: entertainment, particularly fiction. Yet many fields indicate that information studies should consider fiction. In this paper, we discuss how fiction is an informative genre and reasons why information studies scholars have mostly ignored fiction. We also identify potential research directions for studying fiction. We provide a summary of works about fiction and information, discuss motivations for expanding (and not expanding) information studies beyond what it is and has been, and we use an exploratory study of one example of afiction‐interaction– reading Young Adult novels – to illustrate how fiction is important to information behavior.
A gardener's experience of document work at a historic landscape site
Authors: Gorichanaz Tim
Published: December 2016

Research in document work has tended to take a sociocultural perspective. Recent interest in document experience invites the consideration of document work from the perspective of an individual's lived experience. This paper reports on a holistic, single‐case study of how the head gardener at Shofuso Japanese House and Garden, a historic landscape site in Philadelphia, experiences the document work involved in developing a comprehensive garden plan. A hermeneutic analysis of the data reveals how the underlying foundational values of authenticity, education and reducing ambiguity support the process of document work in this case, which involves summoning diverse knowledge, channeling the master and stepping back. This process is punctuated by organizational and historical challenges. These findings suggest that the theoretical framework of foundation‐process‐challenges may be used to study the lived experience of document work in other cases. Further ramifications are discussed for practice in gardening and historical document work.
Managing personal information over the long‐term, or not? Experiences by type 1 diabetes patients
Authors: Sun Si , Belkin Nicholas J.
Published: December 2016

The management of chronic conditions is often accompanied with the long‐term management of health information. By examining how patients manage their health information over time, we can develop guidelines and design technologies to support this patient work, and also contribute the patients' perspective to the existing literature on personal information management. This study explored the long‐term personal information management (LTPIM) behaviors of people living with chronic conditions. We conducted semi‐structured interviews and photo‐documentation with 23 experienced, type 1 diabetes patients. This mixed methods approach helped us identify five LTPIM styles, including designer, achiever, leader, curator and monitor. Those LTPIM styles differ in the information tools people used, the intensity of long‐term information management behaviors, and their motivators. The nuances in those LTPIM styles are unique to the context of chronic conditions, but the categorization of those LTPIM styles can potentially be transferable to LTPIM in non‐health contexts. Our results support previous literature on the major differences between LTPIM and personal information management in general. Further, we point to issues in current technologies used by patients for LTPIM, indicating a space for improvement.
Software citation, reuse and metadata considerations: An exploratory study examining LAMMPS
Authors: Li Kai , Lin Xia , Greenberg Jane
Published: December 2016

Scientific software is as important to scientific studies as raw data. Yet, attention to this genre of research data is limited in studies on data reuse, citation, and metadata standards. This paper presents results from an exploratory study that examined how scientific software's reuse information is presented in the current citation practice and natural language descriptions in research papers. We selected LAMMPS, popular simulation software used in material science, for this study. Both descriptive metadata elements and the types of reuse are examined from a sample of 400 research papers. The results indicate that both descriptive metadata elements and reuse types about LAMMPS are presented in incomplete and inconsistent ways, and this interferes with the values of scientific software, as a type of research data. Our findings necessitate future studies on the metadata standards to facilitate the identification of information related with scientific software reuse.