bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GmMYB114 Facilitates the Synthesis of Anthocyanins in Soybean Sprouts under Blue Light
Authors: Jia Li , Xu Hong , Xu Xinxin , Gao Kai , Zhao Keying , Dong Jingran , Su Nana
Published: April 2024

Soybean sprouts constitute a significant segment of the vegetable market due to their nutritional richness, particularly in various flavonoids, which contribute to numerous health benefits. The augmentation of the flavonoid content in soybean sprouts is pivotal for enhancing their economic value. While research has established the potential of blue light in promoting the synthesis of anthocyanins, a subclass of flavonoids known for their health advantages, the precise regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we identified a notable upregulation of an R2R3 type MYB transcription factor, GmMYB114, in response to blue light exposure, exhibiting a significant positive correlation with anthocyanin accumulation in soybean sprouts. The functional role of GmMYB114 was validated in soybean hairy roots, wherein its overexpression substantially augmented anthocyanin synthesis. Further investigations employing yeast one-hybrid (Y1H), dual-luciferase reporter (LUC), and GUS assays revealed that GmMYB114 indirectly influences anthocyanin synthesis as it does not directly bind to the promoters of anthocyanin synthesis genes to activate their expression. These findings contribute to elucidating the mechanism underlying blue light-mediated enhancement of anthocyanin synthesis in soybean sprouts, offering valuable insights for harnessing molecular technologies to obtain anthocyanin-enriched soybean sprouts.
Study on the Mechanism of Wellbore Blockage and Scaling Trend Prediction of Keshen Block
Authors: Zhao Libin , Zhang Yongling , He Yuanyuan , Yang Zihao , Liang Xiao , Wang Xiaopei , Mao Qi
Published: April 2024

Located in the Kuqa foreland basin, Tarim Basin, the Xinkeshen gas field is a rare ultra-deep and ultra-high-pressure fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir. During the development process, the fluid in the well migrates from the bottom hole to the ground. Due to the huge temperature drop and pressure drop in the wellbore, salting-out and scale-out occur in the well to destroy the oil and gas flow channel, resulting in a decrease in gas production in the well and seriously affecting the normal production of the oil field. Aiming at the problem of wellbore scaling and blockage in the Keshen gas field, this paper takes the wellbore of the Keshen block as the research object. After analyzing the composition of produced water and scale in the wellbore, the solution of ‘fixing scale, clarifying mechanism, early prediction, and fine treatment’ is formulated, and the analysis and evaluation technology of the scale formation process and the prediction model of the gas well model are formed. The wellbore blockage in Keshen block is composed of iron oxide, calcium carbonate crystal, calcite crystal, and wellbore steel falling off due to electrochemical corrosion. It is indicated that the scale attached to the steel sheet causes electrochemical corrosion of the steel sheet, resulting in ‘hydrogen embrittlement’, resulting in the bubbling and falling off of the wellbore steel. Through simulation, it is found that the amount of fouling increases with the increase in wellbore depth, and the amount of fouling is 1.97 kg/d at 6800 m, which is in good agreement with the actual situation. Based on the temperature and pressure curves in the wellbore, the simulation results show that the corrosion rate reaches the highest value of 6.37 mm/yr at the depth of 3400 m. Because of the above problems, a polyaspartic acid scale inhibitor with a scale inhibition rate of 98.9% for wells in Keshen block was synthesized. It has important guidance and reference significance for the accurate treatment of scaling problems in the Keshen gas well.
Fully Coupled CFD–DEM Simulation of Oil Well Hole Cleaning: Effect of Mud Hydrodynamics on Cuttings Transport
Authors: Zakeri Alireza , Alizadeh Behjani Mohammadreza , Hassanpour Ali
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a coupled computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method (CFD–DEM) simulation to predict cuttings transport by the drilling fluid (mud) in different oil well drilling conditions. The mud rheology is expressed by the Herschel–Bulkley behaviour and modelled in a Eulerian framework (CFD), while the cuttings are modelled using the Lagrangian approach (DEM). In this work, the effects of drill string rotation, inclination angle, cutting size, mud rheology, and annular velocity on cleaning efficiency are investigated. It is found that increasing the well deviation from vertical to horizontal leads to a higher cuttings concentration. However, at low annular velocity, the cuttings concentration for the inclined (45-degree) annulus is found to be higher than the horizontal one due to the sliding motion of cuttings on the lower section of the annulus. Overall, the drill pipe rotation has little effect on decreasing the cuttings concentration, but the effect is more pronounced at low annular velocity.
The Physicochemical Basis for the Production of Rapeseed Oil Fatty Acid Esters in a Plug Flow Reactor
Authors: Kosolapova Sofia M. , Smal Makar S. , Pyagay Igor N. , Rudko Viacheslav A.
Published: April 2024

This article describes the results of a comprehensive comparative study of the production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) for use as biodiesel in perfect mixing reactors (PMRs) and plug flow reactors (PFRs). The products obtained on a laboratory scale at all stages of the separation and purification of the FAEE phase were analyzed using the FTIR, XRF and GC-MS methods. We compared distillation methods for the separation of stoichiometrically excessive ethanol from the reaction mixture. Neutralization methods with H2SO4 solution and carbonation with CO2 were applied for FAEE phase purification from the catalyst. Emulsions formed during the water flushing stage were analyzed via the optical microscopy method. The optimal conditions of stirring speed and temperature were selected to maintain a high level of FAEE–water phase contact area with minimum phase separation time. The efficiency of the carbonation method for catalyst neutralization in the FAEE phase has been proven, allowing us to consider this method as an alternative to the traditional acid neutralization method. According to the results of experimental studies, we have developed a new high-performance technological scheme for the production of fatty acid esters in PFRs. The synthesis of FAEEs in a stoichiometric excess of ethanol of about 1:50 allowed us to increase the reaction rate and productivity of the synthesis unit after the transition from a PMR to a PFR. The yield of the product amounted to 86.7%. The purified FAEE fraction complied with most EN14214 specifications.
Optimizing the Mixing Ratios of Source-Separated Organic Waste and Thickened Waste Activated Sludge in Anaerobic Co-Digestion: A New Approach
Authors: Rabii Anahita , El Sayed Ahmed , Ismail Amr , Aldin Saad , Dahman Yaser , Elbeshbishy Elsayed
Published: April 2024

Anaerobic co-digestion (AnCoD) presents several advantages over conventional mono-digestion. Various factors can impact the efficiency of the co-digestion process, including the mixing ratio of the feedstocks. This study primarily investigates the effects of different mixing ratios on methane production during the co-digestion of source-separated municipal organic waste (SSO) with thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS). While the C/N or COD/N ratio has generally been used for optimizing the mixing ratios of co-digested feedstocks, a new approach is introduced in this study to evaluate the effects of the lipid, protein, and carbohydrate (L:P:C) ratios on the efficiency of AnCoD with respect to methane production, kinetics, and synergism at mixing ratios of TWAS:SSO of 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, and 10:90. AnCoD improved methane production and kinetics relative to TWAS at all mixing ratios, the highest of which was at the 10:90 ratio, corresponding to a methane yield, maximum methane production rate, and an L:P:C ratio of 353 mL CH4/g COD, 25 mL CH4/g COD/d, and 8:1:18, respectively. Improvements in methane yields and kinetics due to synergy were evident at all mixing ratios, with improvements in methane yields ranging from 11 to 23% and improvements in kinetics ranging from 18 to 58%. Improvements in methane yields and kinetics were insensitive to the feedstock composition beyond the 50:50 mixing ratio.
A Review of Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatments for Adult Trichotillomania
Authors: Bennett Lauren Parris , Ryznar Rebecca
Published: April 2024

Trichotillomania (TTM) is a psychiatric disorder involving chronic, recurrent urges to pull out one’s own hair, arising frequently in childhood and early adolescence. This disorder predominantly affects women and has a high co-morbidity with many other psychiatric conditions. Currently, the etiology is unknown, which makes treating TTM extremely difficult. While the epidemiology and proposed causes will be discussed briefly, the primary purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive, updated summary of the psychological and pharmacological management options for patients diagnosed with TTM, as new clinical trial data for previously studied and novel treatments have become available within the last decade. Of the behavioral interventions, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and habit reversal training (HRT) have demonstrated the greatest improvements in hair-pulling severity, with HRT showing the most efficacy for long-term maintenance of progress. Pharmacological therapies with the most success include Olanzapine, Clomipramine, and N-Acetylcysteine, though larger replication studies are needed. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have yielded inconsistent results in clinical trials, yet they are frequently prescribed for TTM. Naltrexone, Dronabinol, and Inositol are emerging as potential treatments, but the results suggest that additional studies are needed. Future research directions include larger placebo-controlled pharmacological trials, exploring the efficacy of combined behavioral and pharmacological approaches compared to monotherapy, and delving into the potential genetic and neurochemical contributions that may underlie TTM.
Development and Evaluation of a Hybrid Measurement System to Determine the Kinematics of the Wrist
Authors: Dellai Jason , Gilles Martine A. , Remy Olivier , Claudon Laurent , Dietrich Gilles
Published: April 2024

Optical Motion Capture Systems (OMCSs) are considered the gold standard for kinematic measurement of human movements. However, in situations such as measuring wrist kinematics during a hairdressing activity, markers can be obscured, resulting in a loss of data. Other measurement methods based on non-optical data can be considered, such as magneto-inertial measurement units (MIMUs). Their accuracy is generally lower than that of an OMCS. In this context, it may be worth considering a hybrid system [MIMU + OMCS] to take advantage of OMCS accuracy while limiting occultation problems. The aim of this work was (1) to propose a methodology for coupling a low-cost MIMU (BNO055) to an OMCS in order to evaluate wrist kinematics, and then (2) to evaluate the accuracy of this hybrid system [MIMU + OMCS] during a simple hairdressing gesture. During hair cutting gestures, the root mean square error compared with the OMCS was 4.53° (1.45°) for flexion/extension, 5.07° (1.30°) for adduction/abduction, and 3.65° (1.19°) for pronation/supination. During combing gestures, they were significantly higher, but remained below 10°. In conclusion, this system allows for maintaining wrist kinematics in case of the loss of hand markers while preserving an acceptable level of precision (<10°) for ergonomic measurement or entertainment purposes.
‘The Ball of Cooperation Rolls on’: Some Personal Reflections on My Experiences as a Researcher
Authors: Koning Mark , Zaagsma Miriam , Van Hove Geert , Schippers Alice
Published: April 2024

People with disabilities are increasingly actively involved within research projects. For many of them this is a temporary role, but some work on longer-term projects and even build a career out of it. This is the case for the first author of this paper. He has worked as a researcher for almost six years. He is involved in various projects, all highly diverse in terms of subject, design, scope and collaboration with fellow researchers. In this paper, he looks back on his experiences in recent years. Together with colleagues, he reflects on his contribution to the various projects, his own development as a researcher and the impact of the work on his personal life. He finds that the essence of the motto ‘Nothing about us, without us’ has become increasingly intertwined with his life and identity through his work.
Uncovering Hidden Microbial Diversity in Nitrate/Iodide Deposits (NIDs) in the Domeyko District, Atacama Desert, Chile
Authors: Cortés Mayra , Avendaño Priscilla , Encalada Olga , Salazar-Ardiles Camila , Andrade David C. , Gómez-Silva Benito , Contreras Daniel , Toro Norman , Arias Dayana , Escudero Lorena V.
Published: April 2024

Unique worldwide, nitrate/iodine deposits (NIDs) are located along a 700 km geological belt in the Atacama Desert, Chile. They serve as the primary source of mineral ores for the extraction of iodine, sodium, and potassium nitrates. NIDs have been relatively underexplored from a biological perspective. To address this, we collected sixteen soil samples from abandoned mines in Oficinas Pissis and Savona for chemical, mineralogical, and metagenomic analyses. The soils primarily consisted of halite and darapskite, with only one sample being predominantly composed of thenardite. Deliquescence and water activity measurements yielded values ranging from 0.02% to 0.40% and 0.47 to 0.62, respectively. To investigate the presence, identification, relative abundance, and diversity of microbial life in NID soils, we employed MiSeq high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic tools. The dominant phyla observed were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria being predominant in two soil samples. Furthermore, we detected nitrate/perchlorate-reducing bacterial activity in enriched cultures from the soil samples. This study sheds light on the resilience of microbial life in the Atacama Desert NIDs, providing compelling evidence for its existence and offering insight into factors that could facilitate it within this unique environment.
Why Are the Early Gothic Murals in St. Jacob’s Church in Ormož, Slovenia, Almost Entirely Black?
Authors: Kriznar Anabelle , Kavkler Katja , Dolenec Sabina
Published: April 2024

In St. Jacob’s parish church in Ormož, Slovenia, mural paintings from around 1350–1370 are partially conserved in the northeastern corner of the main nave. They are almost completely black, indicating a large-scale pigment degradation. They were studied as a part of a larger research project aiming to identify materials applied and their possible degradation. First, they were studied in situ, and next, extracted samples of plaster, pigments, and colour layers were analysed by optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, and XRD. Haematite, green earth, malachite, azurite, and tenorite were identified, showing that azurite and perhaps also malachite degraded to black tenorite, probably due to their fine grinding and their application directly on the fresh plaster. The plaster is made with small and large amounts of aggregate with mostly quartz with some impurities, which makes it fragile. The original appearance of these murals was of bright blue and green colours.
Gene and Protein Expression of Placental Nutrient-Stress Sensor Proteins in Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Morgan Elizabeth , Chung Grace , Jo Seokwon , Clifton Briana , Wernimont Sarah A. , Alejandro Emilyn U.
Published: April 2024

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) and low birth weight increase the risk of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes and heart failure in adulthood. Placental insufficiency is widely considered a major contributor to FGR. Two crucial placental proteins involved in nutrient and stress sensing—O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase—play roles in post-translational protein modification and protein translation, influencing cellular growth and metabolism in response to maternal stress, hypoxia, and nutritional status in the placenta. In our study, we examined the gene and protein profiles of OGT and mTOR in FGR and control placentae, comparing those appropriate for gestational age (AGA), while also considering potential confounding effects of fetal sex and delivery mode. Our findings revealed no significant differences in gene expression, protein levels, or activity of OGT, OGA, mTOR, or their associated markers between female AGA and FGR cesarean placentae, nor between female AGA and male AGA cesarean placentae. Additionally, the mode of delivery in female AGA placentae did not affect the levels or activity of these proteins. Overall, our study did not observe significant differences in nutrient sensor protein expression after stratifying by FGR, sex, and delivery mode. Nevertheless, these unbiased results provide a more comprehensive understanding of the complexities of placental gene expression involving OGT and mTOR.
A Globally Convergent Iterative Method for Matrix Sign Function and Its Application for Determining the Eigenvalues of a Matrix Pencil
Authors: Kansal Munish , Sharma Vanita , Sharma Pallvi , Jäntschi Lorentz
Published: April 2024

In this research article, we propose a new matrix iterative method with a convergence order of five for computing the sign of a complex matrix by examining the different patterns and symmetry of existing methods. Analysis of the convergence of the method was explored on a global scale, and attraction basins were demonstrated. In addition to this, the asymptotic stability of the scheme was explored.Then, an algorithm for determing thegeneralized eigenvalues for the case of regular matrix pencils was investigated using the matrix sign computation. We performed a series of numerical experiments using numerous matrices to confirm the usefulness and superiority of the proposed method.
An Analysis of the Impact of Government Subsidies on Emission Reduction Technology Investment Strategies in Low-Carbon Port Operations
Authors: Li Minjie , Luan Jianlin , Li Xiaodong , Jia Peng
Published: April 2024

The sustainable development of the maritime supply chain is an undeniable trend. Low-carbon port operations are a vital component of creating an eco-friendly maritime supply chain, requiring substantial investments in technologies that reduce carbon emissions. However, the key factors influencing investment decisions by ports and shipping companies in these green technologies, particularly government subsidies, remain poorly understood. Hence, this paper proposes a game-based framework to explore the impact of government subsidies. Through numerical analysis, this study first demonstrates that the pricing decisions, investment level, and profits of ports and shipping companies are sensitive to government subsidies and low-carbon preferences of the market; however, the influence of government subsidies and low-carbon preferences varies with different adopted investment strategies. Furthermore, investment decisions are mainly influenced by investment costs, low-carbon preferences, government subsidies, and cost-sharing ratios. Ports are more sensitive to government subsidies and low-carbon preferences while shipping companies are more sensitive to government subsidies and cost-sharing ratios. In addition, government subsidies and low-carbon preferences are substitutes for each other and can balance cost-sharing ratios between ports and shipping companies. Finally, recommendations are provided to the government, ports, and shipping companies for promoting low-carbon port operations based on the findings of this study.
Improving Lead Phytoremediation Using Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from the Pioneer Plant Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) from a Mining Area
Authors: Li Qiqian , Yao Siyu , Wen Hua , Li Wenqi , Jin Ling , Huang Xiuxiang
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to isolate and characterise endophytic bacteria from the pioneer plant Ageratina adenophora in a mining area. Seven strains of metal-resistant endophytic bacteria that belong to five genera were isolated from the roots of A. adenophora. These strains exhibited various plant growth-promoting (PGP) capabilities. Sphingomonas sp. ZYG-4, which exhibited the ability to secrete indoleacetic acid (IAA; 53.2 ± 8.3 mg·L−1), solubilize insoluble inorganic phosphates (Phosphate solubilization; 11.2 ± 2.9 mg·L−1), and regulate root ethylene levels (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity; 2.87 ± 0.19 µM α-KB·mg−1·h−1), had the highest PGP potential. Therefore, Sphingomonas sp. ZYG-4 was used in a pot experiment to study its effect on the biomass and Pb uptake of both host (Ageratina adenophora) and non-host (Dysphania ambrosioides) plants. Compared to the uninoculated control, Sphingomonas sp. ZYG-4 inoculation increased the biomass of shoots and roots by 59.4% and 144.4% for A. adenophora and by 56.2% and 57.1% for D. ambrosioides, respectively. In addition, Sphingomonas sp. ZYG-4 inoculation enhanced Pb accumulation in the shoot and root by 268.9% and 1187.3% for A. adenophora, and by 163.1% and 343.8% for D. ambrosioides, respectively, compared to plants without bacterial inoculation. Our research indicates that endophytic bacteria are promising candidates for enhancing plant growth and facilitating microbe-assisted phytoremediation in heavy metal-contaminated soil.
The Statistical Analysis of Exoplanet and Host Stars Based on Multi-Satellite Data Observations
Authors: Tang Yanke , Li Xiaolu , Xiao Kai , Gai Ning , Li Shijie , Dong Futong , Wang Yifan , Gao Yang
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the rapid development of exoplanet research has provided us with an opportunity to better understand planetary systems in the universe and to search for signs of life. In order to further investigate the prevalence of habitable exoplanets and to validate planetary formation theories, as well as to comprehend planetary evolution, we have utilized confirmed exoplanet data obtained from the NASA Exoplanet Archive database, including data released by telescopes such as Kepler and TESS. By analyzing these data, we have selected a sample of planets around F, G, K, and M-type stars within a radius range of 1 to 20 R⊕ and with orbital periods ranging from 0.4 days to 400 days. Using the IDEM method based on these data, we calculated the overall formation rate, which is estimated to be 2.02%. Then, we use these data to analyze the relationship among planet formation rates, stellar metallicity, and stellar gravitational acceleration (logg). We firstly find that the formation rate of giant planets is higher around metal-rich stellars, but it inhibits the formation of gas giants when logg > 4.5, yet the stellar metallicity seems to have no effect on the formation rate of smaller planets. Secondly, the host stellar gravitational acceleration affects the relationship between planet formation rate and orbital period. Thirdly, there is a robust power-law relationship between the orbital period of smaller planets and their formation rate. Finally, we find that, for a given orbital period, there is a positive correlation between the planet formation rate and the logg.
Alterations in Step Width and Reaction Times in Walking Subjects Exposed to Mediolateral Foot-Transmitted Vibration
Authors: Marrone Flavia , Marelli Stefano , Bertozzi Filippo , Goggi Alessandra , Marchetti Enrico , Galli Manuela , Tarabini Marco
Published: April 2024

This study explores how low-frequency foot-transmitted vibration (FTV) affects both gait parameters and cognitive performance. Twenty healthy male participants experienced harmonic mediolateral FTV (1.25 Hz, 1 m/s2) while either standing or walking on a treadmill. We assessed participants’ reaction times to visual stimuli using a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) test under five conditions, including (i) baseline (standing still without vibration), (ii) vibration (standing still with vibration), (iii) walking (walking without vibration), (iv) walking with vibration, and (v) post-test (standing still without vibration after the tests). Additionally, the step width (SW) was measured with a camera system in conditions (iii) and (iv), i.e., when participants were walking with and without vibration and during PVT execution. The results showed that the average vigilance decreased, and the step width increased while walking and/or with vibration exposure. These findings suggest a potential connection between decreased vigilance, increased step width, and the need for enhanced stability, focusing on balance maintenance and a wider base of support. Implications for future standard revisions are presented and discussed.
An Insight into Knowledge, Perspective, and Practices of Indian Optometrists towards Childhood Myopia
Authors: Naik Archana , Karthikeyan Siddharth K. , Ramesh Jivitha Jyothi , Bhaskar Shwetha , Ganapathi Chinnappa A. , Biswas Sayantan
Published: April 2024

The current understanding of clinical approaches and barriers in managing childhood myopia among Indian optometrists is limited. This research underscores the necessity and relevance of evidence-based practice guidelines by exploring their knowledge, attitude, and practice towards childhood myopia. A self-administered internet-based 26-item survey was circulated online among practicing optometrists in India. The questions assessed the demographics, knowledge, self-reported clinical practice behavior, barriers, source of information guiding their management, and extent of adult caregiver engagement for childhood myopia. Of 393 responses, a significant proportion of respondents (32.6–92.4%) were unaware of the ocular complications associated with high myopia, with less than half (46.5%) routinely performing ocular biometry in clinical practice. Despite the growing awareness of emerging myopia management options, the uptake remains generally poor, with single-vision distance full-correction spectacles (70.3%) being the most common mode of vision correction. Barriers to adopting optimal myopia care are medicolegal concerns, absence of clinical practice guidelines, and inadequate consultation time. Own clinical experience and original research articles were the primary sources of information supporting clinical practice. Most (>70%) respondents considered involving the adult caregiver in their child’s clinical decision-making process. While practitioners’ awareness and activity of newer myopia management strategies are improving, there is plenty of scope for its enhancement. The importance of evidence-based practice guidelines and continuing education on myopia control might help practitioners enhance their clinical decision-making skills.
Thermo-Mechano-Chemical Processing of Printed Circuit Boards for Organic Fraction Removal
Authors: Frolov Sergey M. , Smetanyuk Viktor A. , Silantiev Anton S. , Sadykov Ilias A. , Frolov Fedor S. , Hasiak Jaroslav K. , Shiryaev Alexey A. , Sitnikov Vladimir E.
Published: April 2024

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the main components of e-waste. In order to reduce the negative impact of waste PCBs on human health and the environment, they must be properly disposed of. A new method is demonstrated for recycling waste PCBs. It is referred to as the high-temperature thermo-mechano-chemical gasification (TMCG) of PCBs by the detonation-born gasification agent (GA), which is a blend of H2O and CO2 heated to a temperature above 2000 °C. The GA is produced in a pulsed detonation gun (PDG) operating on a near-stoichiometric methane–oxygen mixture. The PDG operates in a pulsed mode producing pulsed supersonic jets of GA and pulsed shock waves possessing a huge destructive power. When the PDG is attached to a compact flow reactor filled with waste PCBs, the PCBs are subject to the intense thermo-mechano-chemical action of both strong shock waves and high-temperature supersonic jets of GA in powerful vortical structures established in the flow reactor. The shock waves grind waste PCBs into fine particles, which undergo repeated involvement and gasification in the high-temperature vortical structures of the GA. Demonstration experiments show full (above 98%) gasification of the 1 kg batch of organic matter in a setup operation time of less than 350 s. The gaseous products of PCB gasification are mainly composed of CO2, CO, H2, N2, and CH4, with the share of flammable gas components reaching about 45 vol%. The solid residues appear in the form of fine powder with visible metal inclusions of different sizes. All particles in the powder freed from the visible metal inclusions possess a size less than 300–400 μm, including a large fraction of sizes less than 100 μm. The powder contains Sn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Fe, In, Cd, Zn, Ca, Si, Al, Ti, Ni, and Cl. Among these substances, Sn (10–20 wt%), Pb (5–10 wt%), and Cu (up to 1.5 wt%) are detected in the maximum amounts. In the powder submitted for analysis, precious elements Ag, Au, and Pt are not detected. Some solid mass (about 20 wt% of the processed PCBs) is removed from the flow reactor with the escaping gas and is partly (about 10 wt%) trapped by the cyclones in the exhaust cleaning system. Metal inclusions of all visible sizes accumulate only in the flow reactor and are not detected in powder samples extracted from the cyclones. The gasification degree of the solid residues extracted from the cyclones ranges from 76 to 91 wt%, i.e., they are gasified only partly. This problem will be eliminated in future work.
Tratamiento Contable Del Activo Biológico; Un Estudio De Caso En La Paloma, Paraguay
Authors: Duarte Sánchez Derlis Daniel , Sassaki Souza Carlos Eduardo
Published: April 2024

Un activo biológico se refiere a un tipo de activo tangible que incluye plantas y animales vivos, así como productos agrícolas en diversas etapas de desarrollo. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar el tratamiento contable del activo biológico, en la Paloma-Paraguay. En la investigación se utilizó una metodología de enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo de estudios de casos, la población estuvo compuesta por 3 contadores con experiencias mayores a 5 años. Se realizó un trabajo de campo, se les aplicó un cuestionario de entrevistas con preguntas abiertas. Los principales resultados demuestran que, los profesionales contables tienen una dependencia de la Normativa porque se rigen por la Ley N° 6380/2019 y las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad (NIC), específicamente la NIC 41 - Agricultura, para el tratamiento contable de los activos biológicos. Por consiguiente, los contadores tienen en cuenta factores biológicos específicos, como la edad, el estado de desarrollo, la salud y la productividad del ganado o cultivo, al aplicar las prácticas contables. Por otra parte, los contadores enfrentan desafíos como la obtención de información precisa y oportuna de los clientes, la conciliación de datos entre diferentes fuentes y la determinación precisa de los costos de producción o adquisición. La falta de control interno en las empresas agropecuarias y la necesidad de realizar valoraciones periódicas en cultivos y ganado con ciclos de vida cortos también se identifican como desafíos importantes.
La auditoría administrativa y su influencia en la gestión administrativa de Asistencia Médica Ecuador en el año 2023.
Authors: Checa Calderón Vicente Napoleón , Arreaga Alvarado Nadia Nayeli
Published: April 2024

En el presente trabajo académico se estableció un proceso de auditoría administrativa en la empresa Asistencia Médica Ecuador, con su información generada en el año 2023 con el objetivo de mejorar su gestión interna y garantizar la eficiencia de sus servicios. La auditoría administrativa en Asistencia Médica Ecuador surgió como respuesta a la necesidad de evaluar y optimizar sus procesos internos. El objetivo principal fue identificar áreas de mejora y fortalecer la gestión administrativa de la organización. En términos metodológicos, se llevó a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de las diferentes funciones administrativas de la empresa, utilizando técnicas como evaluación de control interno, revisión de documentos y análisis de datos. Se establecieron criterios de evaluación claros para medir el desempeño. Los resultados de la auditoría revelaron una serie de hallazgos significativos. Se identificaron deficiencias en la asignación de recursos, falta de seguimiento en los procesos internos y áreas de oportunidad en la capacitación del personal. Sin embargo, también se destacaron puntos fuertes, como la calidad de atención al cliente y la infraestructura tecnológica disponible.
Basándose en estos resultados, se formularon conclusiones importantes. Se recomendó implementar medidas correctivas para abordar las deficiencias identificadas, incluyendo programas de capacitación y revisión de políticas internas. Asimismo, se resaltó la importancia de mantener un proceso continuo de evaluación y mejora para garantizar la eficiencia y la calidad en la gestión administrativa para promover mejora continua. Por lo tanto, la auditoría administrativa realizada en Asistencia Médica Ecuador en el año 2023 fue un paso fundamental hacia la mejora de su gestión interna. A través de un análisis exhaustivo, se identificaron áreas de oportunidad y se formularon recomendaciones clave para fortalecer la organización y continuar brindando servicios de calidad a sus clientes.
Ciudad Inteligente para fomentar una mejor cultura de educación y seguridad vial
Authors: Cadena Terán Daniela , Venegas Calderón Juan Fernando
Published: April 2024

El proyecto tuvo como objetivo principal implementar un sistema de gestión inteligente del transporte terrestre, tránsito, y seguridad vial, en una ciudad a escala que combina elementos de entretenimiento y educación vial, para fomentar la seguridad vial entre los niños y jóvenes; con el fin de mejorar la eficiencia del transporte vial, y reducir los problemas asociados con la congestión y los siniestros de tránsito.
Se utilizarán tecnologías y dispositivos de avanzada, así como algoritmos de análisis de datos, para recopilar información en tiempo real sobre el tránsito a escala menor, optimizando los flujos de tránsito, y proporcionando información útil a los conductores; además de enseñar las normas de tránsito, y las habilidades necesarias para circular de manera segura, tanto a pie como en bicicleta o vehículos pequeños.
Kerja Sama Korea Selatan-Indonesia dalam Akselerasi Mobil Listrik di Indonesia
Authors: El Shaddai Sada Rhema , Wijayati Hasna , Widhiyoga Ganjar
Published: April 2024

Penelitian memiliki urgensi menganalisis implementasi kerja sama Korea Selatan dan Indonesia dalam akselerasi mobil listrik di Indonesia tahun 2019-2021. Novelty penelitian ini mengenai pembahasan kerja sama membahas government to government (G2G), government to business (G2B), business to business (B2B). Penelitian ini menggunakan teori kerja sama internasional membahas implementasi kerja sama melalui G2G dalam akselerasi mobil listrik. Serta, menggunakan teori bisnis internasional membahas implementasi kerja sama melalui B2B dalam akselerasi mobil listrik. Dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif yaitu menggambarkan topik permasalahan serta mengidentifikasi permasalahan, lalu dianalisis dengan teori yang telah ditentukan dan mendapatkan hasil sesuai korelasi penelitian. Sumber data yang digunakan melalui data publikasi pemerintah, artikel jurnal, buku, situs web, dan laporan atau publikasi pendukung lainnya. Dengan hasil penelitian ini adalah kerja sama Korea Selatan dan Indonesia dapat menjalankan 3 implementasi. Implementasi government to government (G2G), government to business (G2B), business to business (B2B) pada tahun 2019-2021. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah mobil listrik merupakan inovasi teknologi dan implementasi green growth policy. Berdampak bagi Indonesia dan Korea Selatan pada aspek ekonomi dan teknologi.

Kata kunci—Foreign Direct Investment, Indonesia, Korea Selatan, Kerja sama bilateral, Mobil listrik
Non-Invasive Self-Adaptive Information States’ Acquisition inside Dynamic Scattering Spaces
Authors: Li Ruifeng , Ma Jinyan , Li Da , Wu Yunlong , Qian Chao , Zhang Ling , Chen Hongsheng , Kottos Tsampikos , Li Er-Ping
Published: April 2024

Pushing the information states’ acquisition efficiency has been a long-held goal to reach the measurement precision limit inside scattering spaces. Recent studies have indicated that maximal information states can be attained through engineered modes; however, partial intrusion is generally required. While non-invasive designs have been substantially explored across diverse physical scenarios, the non-invasive acquisition of information states inside dynamic scattering spaces remains challenging due to the intractable non-unique mapping problem, particularly in the context of multi-target scenarios. Here, we establish the feasibility of non-invasive information states’ acquisition experimentally for the first time by introducing a tandem-generated adversarial network framework inside dynamic scattering spaces. To illustrate the framework’s efficacy, we demonstrate that efficient information states’ acquisition for multi-target scenarios can achieve the Fisher information limit solely through the utilization of the external scattering matrix of the system. Our work provides insightful perspectives for precise measurements inside dynamic complex systems.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants Show Attenuated Neurovirulence Compared with the Wild-Type Strain in Elderly Human Brain Spheroids
Authors: Chen Weikang , Jiang Xiaobing , Liang Wei , Bai Haojie , Xu Mingze , Liu Zhe , Yi Lina , Liu Yanming , Huang Yanxia , Zhang Yongxin , Xu Lixia , Xie Baoshu , Zhang Nu , Yu Jun , Lu Jing , Xiao Haipeng , Li Xiaoxing
Published: April 2024

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variants still causes neurological complications in elderly individuals. However, whether and how aging brains are affected by Omicron variants in terms of neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence are unknown. Here, we utilize resected paracarcinoma brain tissue from elderly individuals to generate primary brain spheroids (BSs) for investigating the replication capability of live wild-type (WT) strain and Omicron (BA.1/BA.2), as well as the mechanisms underlying their neurobiological effects. We find that both WT and Omicron BA.1/BA.2 are able to enter BSs but weakly replicate. There is no difference between Omicron BA.1/BA.2 and WT strains in neurotropism in aging BSs. However, Omicron BA.1/BA.2 exhibits ameliorating neurological damage. Transcriptional profiling indicates that Omicron BA.1/BA.2 induces a lower neuroinflammatory response than WT strain in elderly BSs, suggesting a mechanistic explanation for their attenuated neuropathogenicity. Moreover, we find that both Omicron BA.1/BA.2 and WT strain infections disrupt neural network activity associated with neurodegenerative disorders by causing neuron degeneration and amyloid-β deposition in elderly BSs. These results uncover Omicron-specific mechanisms and cellular immune responses associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-induced neurological complications.
How to perform breast augmentation using a composite myofascial flap
Authors: Sinclair Sonia , Geraghty Michael , Moradi Pouria
Published: April 2024

Breast augmentation is one of the most frequently performed by specialist plastic surgeons in Australia.^1^ Refinements in operative breast augmentation techniques have continued to evolve over time. Implant migration remains a concern, especially when using smooth implants. The breast implant can either displace laterally towards the mid-axillary line or inferiorly through the inframammary fold, resulting in a loss of cleavage, upper pole fullness, ‘bottoming out’ and in some cases a mega pocket. Specifically, this technique aims to prevent telemastia, defined as an abnormally wide separation between the breasts.^2^ We propose an intraoperative technique unique to primary breast augmentation that ensures the breast implant is secured by means of a composite autologous myofascial (CMF) sling involving the pectoralis major muscle. This aims to prevent inferno-lateral displacement of the breast implant which renders a poor aesthetic result secondary to loss of ‘cleavage’ and the resultant formation of a ‘mega pocket’. The authors have integrated this technique into their practice since August 2020, with case numbers now in excess of 500. The authors use the technique to mitigate implant displacement in both breast augmentation and augmentation mastopexy cases.
Scaffold-guide breast tissue engineering: the future of breast implants
Authors: Cheng Matthew , Heald Alicia , Wagels Michael , Ung Owen , Hutmacher Dietmar
Published: April 2024

In this editorial the authors argue that a fresh approach to breast implant manufacture and materials is warranted.
Assessment of heavy metal contamination in the groundwater of Gujarat, India using the Heavy Metal Pollution Index
Authors: Chaudharı Mukesh , Chotalıya Ritu , Ali Gh , Pandya Ajay , Shrivastav Pranav
Published: April 2024

Groundwater serves as a vital water source for a significant population in the Gujarat region of India. However, substantial contamination from heavy metals, pose a serious threat to human health through various pathways, including drinking water. The rapid industrial and agricultural growth in recent years has exacerbated heavy metal pollution in the state. This study focuses on assessing the heavy metal contamination in the groundwater of Gujarat using the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI). The research covers the entire state, considering its diverse physical, climatic, topographical, and geographical conditions. The HPI scores obtained from individual studies highlight the extent of pollution caused by heavy metals. The overall findings underscore the severe problem of heavy metal contamination in Gujarat's groundwater and the associated health risks. Various other pollution indicators, including the Heavy Metal Evaluation Index, Degree of Contamination, Metal Index, and Water Pollution Index are discussed as tools to assess contamination levels. These indices compare concentrations of different heavy metals with established limits to determine the pollution level. The goal is to provide valuable insights for investors and policymakers in formulating strategies to manage and reduce heavy metal contamination across the state. Additionally, the paper explores effective, environmentally friendly, and economically viable treatment techniques to remove heavy metals from aquatic systems, safeguarding the environment. By employing pollution indicators and remedial actions, this study aims to guide efforts in mitigating the impact of heavy metal contamination in the groundwater of Gujarat.
Does the material recycling rate matter in the effect of the generated waste on environmental pollution? Panel smooth transition regression approach
Authors: Merdivenci Fahriye , Aydın Celil , Altınok Hayrullah
Published: April 2024

This study examined the effect of material recycling on the relationship between the waste amount and environmental pollution in EU-15 countries for the 1995-2019 period through panel smooth regression analysis by using the material recycling rate as the threshold variable. Based on the analysis results, the material recycling rate threshold level was estimated as 11.79. In these countries, if the material recycling rate is below the threshold level, the rise in the waste amount will increase environmental pollution. If the material recycling rate is above the threshold value, the rise in the waste amount will still increase environmental pollution, but the pollution increase rate will decrease. With the increase in the waste amount in the long term, environmental pollution can only be reduced by raising the material recycling rate. For the reduction of environmental pollution, which is one of the most prioritized issues in Europe in recent years, policy makers should take measures to increase the material recycling rate by taking the results of this study into consideration and pay attention to the implementation of these measures.
Uso de las macrorreglas para mejorar la comprensión de textos en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Humpiri-Lujano Danitza , Poma Ronald
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted to address the problems of reading comprehension faced by students in the first cycle of the Art Program at the National University of the Altiplano, in Puno - Peru. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of macro-rules in improving academic text comprehension among students in the aforementioned program. Regarding the methodology, an experimental approach with a quasi-experimental design was used, and the Student's T-test was applied. Data were collected through written tests with open and closed questions. The results show a significant improvement, with Tc = 7.1 and Tt = 1.6 (α = 0.05), and a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a notable difference after the experimental treatment. It was concluded that the application of macro-rules effectively improves academic text comprehension in university students in the Art Program at the National University of the Altiplano. This is because the results showed a statistically significant improvement in reading comprehension after the implementation of the macro-rules.
MEASUREMENT OF THE PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF PEANUT SEEDS AND CALIBRATION OF THE DISCRETE ELEMENT PARAMETERS
Authors: DIAO Hongwei , YE Wenlong , ZHANG Zhicheng , LIU Xin , ZHAO Zhihuan , ZENG Fandi , LI Xuying , CUI Ji , LIU Yinzeng
Published: April 2024

This study measured the intrinsic and contact parameters through physical experiments to improve the accuracy of discrete element simulation analysis of peanut seeds. Discrete element models for five different peanut seed filling ball numbers were established. The simulation parameters were calibrated through a combination of physical and simulation experiments. Firstly, the Plackett-Burman test was used to screen the significance of simulation parameters. Then, the steepest climbing test was conducted to determine the optimal range of significance parameters using the relative error be-tween the simulated and the physical experimental as the evaluation index. Finally, a response surface experiment with three factors and three levels was conducted using the repose angle as the response value. The static and rolling friction coefficients among peanut seeds were set as 0.43 and 0.50 separately, and the rolling coefficient between peanut seeds and steel plate was set as 0.12. During verification experiments, the simulated repose angle was 25.18°, with a relative error of 2.42% compared to the physical repose angle, further verifying the reliability of the simulation model. The re-search group used different numbers of filling balls with optimal parameters in the repose angle experiment. Then they evaluate the simulation time and the error value of repose angle between the simulated and physical experiment. The optimal number of filled balls is the Sphere 1178. The research results indicate that discrete element model of peanut seeds and calibration parameters are reliable. Based on the results of this research, an intelligent peanut precision sowing machine can be developed.