bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
5-HT2A receptor dysregulation in a schizophrenia relevant mouse model of NMDA receptor hypofunction
Authors: Nakao Kazuhito , Singh Mahendra , Sapkota Kiran , Fitzgerald Andrew , Hablitz John J. , Nakazawa Kazu
Published: April 2022

Blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) is known to augment cortical serotonin 2A receptors (5-HT2ARs), which is implicated in psychosis. However, the pathways from NMDAR hypofunction to 5-HT2AR up-regulation are unclear. Here we addressed in mice whether genetic deletion of the indispensable NMDAR-subunit Grin1 principally in corticolimbic parvalbumin-positive fast-spiking interneurons, could up-regulate 5-HT2ARs leading to cortical hyper-excitability. First, in vivo local-field potential recording revealed that auditory cortex in Grin1 mutant mice became hyper-excitable upon exposure to acoustic click-train stimuli that release 5-HT in the cortex. This excitability increase was reproduced ex vivo where it consisted of an increased frequency of action potential (AP) firing in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of mutant auditory cortex. Application of the 5-HT2AR agonist TCB-2 produced similar results. The effect of click-trains was reversed by the 5-HT2AR antagonist M100907 both in vivo and ex vivo. Increase in AP frequency of pyramidal neurons was also reversed by application of Gαq protein inhibitor BIM-46187 and G protein-gated inwardly-rectifying K+ (GIRK) channel activator ML297. In fast-spiking interneurons, 5-HT2AR activation normally promotes GABA release, contributing to decreased excitability of postsynaptic pyramidal neurons, which was missing in the mutants. Moreover, unlike the controls, the GABAA receptor antagonist (+)-bicuculline had little effect on AP frequency of mutant pyramidal neurons, indicating a disinhibition state. These results suggest that the auditory-induced hyper-excitable state is conferred via GABA release deficits from Grin1-lacking interneurons leading to 5-HT2AR dysregulation and GIRK channel suppression in cortical pyramidal neurons, which could be involved in auditory psychosis.
The dental demolition derby: bruxism and its impact - part 1: background
Authors: L. T. Thayer Mark , Ali Rahat
Published: April 2022

Bruxism may lead to changes or damage to the oral and perioral tissues. Bruxism may occur during sleep or when awake. Many patients will not require active management; however, for some, intervention is required. Control of bruxism may be difficult, if not impossible, but the need exists for preservation of the dentition and quality of life. A prediction of risk to the tissues for the planning of interventions is difficult and relies upon evidence of past damage and assessment of future risks. Treatment options may need to be imaginative and rescuable. This series of papers will review the aetiology of bruxism, its impacts and treatment strategies for persistent bruxers who are at risk of, or suffering, tissue damage.
A stop-gain mutation in GXYLT1 promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer via the MAPK pathway
Authors: Peng Lin , Zhao Min , Liu Tianqi , Chen Jiangbo , Gao Pin , Chen Lei , Xing Pu , Wang Zaozao , Di Jiabo , Xu Qiang , Qu Hong , Jiang Beihai , Su Xiangqian
Published: April 2022

Genomic instability plays a key role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Although cancer driver genes in CRC have been well characterized, identifying novel genes associated with carcinogenesis and treatment remains challenging because of tumor heterogeneity. Here, we analyzed the genomic alterations of 45 samples from CRC patients in northern China by whole-exome sequencing. In addition to the identification of six well-known CRC driver genes (APC, TP53, KRAS, FBXW7, PIK3CA, and PABPC), two tumor-related genes (MTCH2 and HSPA6) were detected, along with RRP7A and GXYLT1, which have not been previously linked to cancer. GXYLT1 was mutated in 40% (18/45) of the samples in our cohort. Functionally, GXYLT1 promoted migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo, while the GXYLT1S212* mutant induced significantly greater effect. Furthermore, both GXYLT1 and GXYLT1S212* interacted with ERK2. GXYLT1 induced metastasis via a mechanism involving the Notch and MAPK pathways, whereas the GXYLT1S212* mutant mainly promoted metastasis by activating the MAPK pathway. We propose that GXYLT1 acts as a novel metastasis-associated driver gene and GXYLT1S212* might serve as a potential indicator for therapies targeting the MAPK pathway in CRC.
ODACH: a one-shot distributed algorithm for Cox model with heterogeneous multi-center data
Authors: Luo Chongliang , Duan Rui , Naj Adam C. , Kranzler Henry R. , Bian Jiang , Chen Yong
Published: April 2022

We developed a One-shot Distributed Algorithm for Cox proportional-hazards model to analyze Heterogeneous multi-center time-to-event data (ODACH) circumventing the need for sharing patient-level information across sites. This algorithm implements a surrogate likelihood function to approximate the Cox log-partial likelihood function that is stratified by site using patient-level data from a lead site and aggregated information from other sites, allowing the baseline hazard functions and the distribution of covariates to vary across sites. Simulation studies and application to a real-world opioid use disorder study showed that ODACH provides estimates close to the pooled estimator, which analyzes patient-level data directly from all sites via a stratified Cox model. Compared to the estimator from meta-analysis, the inverse variance-weighted average of the site-specific estimates, ODACH estimator demonstrates less susceptibility to bias, especially when the event is rare. ODACH is thus a valuable privacy-preserving and communication-efficient method for analyzing multi-center time-to-event data.
Deep water pathways in the North Pacific Ocean revealed by Lagrangian particle tracking
Authors: Kawasaki T. , Matsumura Y. , Hasumi H.
Published: April 2022

Lagrangian particle tracking experiments are conducted to investigate the pathways of deep water in the North Pacific Ocean. The flow field is taken from a state-of-the-art deep circulation simulation. An unprecedented number of particles are tracked to quantify the volume transport and residence time. Half of the North Pacific deep water returns to the Southern Ocean, and its principal pathway is along the western boundary current in the Southwest Pacific Basin in the deep layer. About 30% is exported to the Indian Ocean after upwelling to the shallow layer in the western North Pacific Ocean. The rest is transported to the Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait or evaporates within the Pacific Ocean. Upwelling of deep water is confined in the western North Pacific Ocean owing to the strong vertical mixing. The mean residence time of deep water in the North Pacific Ocean is estimated to be several hundred years, which is consistent with the observed radiocarbon distribution.
Same-sex competition and sexual conflict expressed through witchcraft accusations
Authors: Peacey Sarah , Campbell Olympia L. K. , Mace Ruth
Published: April 2022

There is significant cross-cultural variation in the sex of individuals most likely to be accused of practising witchcraft. Allegations of witchcraft might be a mechanism for nullifying competitors so resources they would have used become available to others. In this case, who is targeted may result from patterns of competition and conflict (same-sex or male–female) within specific relationships, which are determined by broader socio-ecological factors. Here we examine patterns of sex-specific accusations in historic cases from sub-Saharan Africa (N = 423 accusations). Male ‘witches’ formed the greater part of our sample, and were mostly accused by male blood-relatives and nonrelatives, often in connection to disputes over wealth and status. Accusations of women were mainly from kin by marriage, and particularly from husbands and co-wives. The most common outcomes were that the accused was forced to move, or suffered reputational damage. Our results suggest that competition underlies accusations and relationship patterns may determine who is liable to be accused.
A novel polypeptide-modified fluorescent gold nanoclusters for copper ion detection
Authors: Zhuang Hong , Jiang Xinyu , Wu Sijia , Wang Shujin , Pang Yong , Huang Yanjun , Yan Haiyang
Published: April 2022

Biomolecule-functionalized fluorescent gold nanocluster (AuNCs) have attracted a lot of attention due to good biocompatibility, stable physicochemical properties and considerable cost advantages. Inappropriate concentration of Cu2+ may cause a variety of diseases. In this study, AuNCs were synthesized in alkaline aqueous solution using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a template. And then, the peptide CCYWDAHRDY was coupled to AuNCs. Furthermore, the fluorescence of synthesized CCYWDAHRDY-AuNCs response to Cu2+ was evaluated. As the results shown that the CCYWDAHRDY-AuNCs can sensitively detect Cu2+. After adding Cu2+ to the probe system, the fluorescence of the CCYWDAHRDY-AuNCs was quenched. The detection conditions were at pH 6 and 30 °C for 10 min, the linear relationship between Cu2+ concentration and fluorescence intensity were good in the range of 0.1 ~ 4.2 μmol/L. The regression equation was y = − 105.9x + 693.68, the linear correlation coefficient is 0.997, and the minimum detection limit was 52 nmol/L.
Investigation of crude oil properties impact on wettability alteration during low salinity water flooding using an improved geochemical model
Authors: Ghorbani Maryam , Rashidi Fariborz , Mousavi-Dehghani Ali
Published: April 2022

In low-salinity water flooding (LSWF), modifying the injected brine composition leads to greater oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs. The processes that control improved recovery during LSWF are not totally clear, which could lead to ambiguities in finding optimum brine composition regarding wettability alteration (WA) toward water wetness. One of the methods to determine WA is bound product sum (BPS) calculation using geochemical tools. In the case of wettability improvement, the BPS value of a crude oil-brine-rock (COBR) system should be at its minimum value. In this study, an improved geochemical model is developed, which includes the effects of oil composition (i.e., acid number, base number, and weight percent of nonhydrocarbon components) and physical properties of oil (i.e., density, viscosity, and solution gas-oil ratio) on COBR interactions. The proposed method generates BPS as a function of temperature, pressure, oil and brine composition, and pH for carbonate rocks. The model applicability was validated using several experimental data sets available in the literature. The results of the improved BPS model were in line with the results of contact angle and zeta potential measurements as the major indices of rock wettability. BPS calculations using the available geochemical tools sometimes failed to predict the correct WA trend since they overlooked the impact of oil properties on COBR interactions. The model predictability was also compared with the results of an available geochemical tool, PHREEQC, and the results demonstrate just how important the effect of oil properties and composition inclusion on wettability determination is. The improved BPS approach could be successfully utilized as an optimization tool to optimize the water composition during LSWF for a given COBR system.
Ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature predicts the prognosis and immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fang Chongkai , Liu Silin , Feng Kunliang , Huang Chaoyuan , Zhang Ying , Wang Jinan , Lin Hongtong , Wang Junyan , Zhong Chong
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to construct a ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature to probe the prognosis and immune infiltration of HCC patients. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was randomly divided into two parts, with two-thirds training and one-third testing sets. Univariate, multivariate, and least absolute selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses were performed to establish a ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature. The prognostic signature was constructed by 6 ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (PCAT6, MKLN1-AS, POLH-AS1, LINC00942, AL031985.3, LINC00942) shows a promising clinical prediction value in patients with HCC. Patients with high-risk score indicated a poorer prognosis than patients with low-risk score were shown in the training set (p < 0.001) and testing set (p = 0.024). Principal component analysis (PCA) and nomogram were performed to verify the value of the prognostic signature. The area under curves (AUCs) for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 0.784, 0.726, 0.699, respectively. Moreover, TCGA revealed that immune cell subpopulations and related functions, including cytolytic activity, MHC class I, type I and type II IFN response, were significantly different between the two risk groups. Immune checkpoints such as PDCD1, CTLA4, CD44, VTCN1 were also abnormally expressed between the two risk groups. This prognostic signature based on the ferroptosis-related lncRNAs may be promising for the clinical prediction of prognosis and immunotherapeutic responses in patients with HCC.
HDAC6 regulates NF-κB signalling to control chondrocyte IL-1-induced MMP and inflammatory gene expression
Authors: Barter Matt J. , Butcher Andrew , Wang Hui , Tsompani Dimitra , Galler Martin , Rumsby Ellen L. , Culley Kirsty L. , Clark Ian M. , Young David A.
Published: April 2022

Elevated pro-inflammatory signalling coupled with catabolic metalloproteinase expression is a common feature of arthritis, leading to cartilage damage, deterioration of the joint architecture and the associated pain and immobility. Countering these processes, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been shown to suppress matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, block cytokine-induced signalling and reduce the cartilage degradation in animal models of the arthritis. In order to establish which specific HDACs account for these chondro-protective effects an HDAC1-11 RNAi screen was performed. HDAC6 was required for both the interleukin (IL)-1 induction of MMP expression and pro-inflammatory interleukin expression in chondrocytes, implicating an effect on NF-κB signalling. Depletion of HDAC6 post-transcriptionally up-regulated inhibitor of κB (IκB), prevented the nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunits and down-regulated NF-κB reporter activation. The pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 reduced MMP expression in chondrocytes and cartilage collagen release. This work highlights the important role of HDAC6 in pro-inflammatory signalling and metalloproteinase gene expression, and identifies a part for HDAC6 in the NF-κB signalling pathway. By confirming the protection of cartilage this work supports the inhibition of HDAC6 as a possible therapeutic strategy in arthritis.
Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease by investigating the inhibitory effect of serum components on P450 inhibition assay
Authors: Ihara Kohei , Oguro Ami , Imaishi Hiromasa
Published: April 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and diagnostic methods and biomarkers for patients without subjective motor symptoms have not yet been established. Previously, we developed a cytochrome P450 inhibition assay that detects alterations in metabolite levels associated with P450s caused by inflammation and exposure to endogenous or exogenous substances. However, it is unknown whether the P450 inhibition assay can be applied in PD diagnosis. Here, we determined whether the P450 inhibition assay can discriminate sera between patients with PD and healthy individuals. The results of the assay revealed that the P450 inhibition assay can discriminate PD with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.814–0.914 in rats and an AUC value of 0.910 in humans. These findings demonstrate that the P450 inhibition assay can aid in the future development of liquid biopsy-based diagnostic methods for PD.
Genetic susceptibility to patient-reported xerostomia among long-term oropharyngeal cancer survivors
Authors: Aggarwal Puja , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Yu Robert , Wang Jian , Fuller Clifton D. , Garden Adam S. , Goepfert Ryan P. , Rigert Jillian , Mott Frank E. , Lu Charles , Lai Stephen Y. , Gunn G. Brandon , Chambers Mark S. , Li Guojun , Wu Chih-Chieh , Hanna Ehab Y. , Sturgis Erich M. , Shete Sanjay
Published: April 2022

Genetic susceptibility for xerostomia, a common sequela of radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer, is unknown. Therefore, to identify genetic variants associated with moderate to severe xerostomia, we conducted a GWAS of 359 long-term oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) survivors using 579,956 autosomal SNPs. Patient-reported cancer treatment-related xerostomia was assessed using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory. Patient response was dichotomized as moderate to severe or none to mild symptoms. In our study, 39.2% of OPC survivors reported moderate to severe xerostomia. Our GWAS identified eight SNPs suggestively associated with higher risk of moderate to severe xerostomia in six genomic regions (2p13.3, rs6546481, Minor Allele (MA) = A, ANTXR1, P = 4.3 × 10–7; 5p13.2–p13.1, rs16903936, MA = G, EGFLAM, P = 5.1 × 10–6; 4q21.1, rs10518156, MA = G, SHROOM3, P = 7.1 × 10–6; 19q13.42, rs11882068, MA = G, NLRP9, P = 1.7 × 10–5; 12q24.33, rs4760542, MA = G, GLT1D1, P = 1.8 × 10–5; and 3q27.3, rs11714564, MA = G, RTP1, P = 2.9 × 10–5. Seven SNPs were associated with lower risk of moderate to severe xerostomia, of which only one mapped to specific genomic region (15q21.3, rs4776140, MA = G, LOC105370826, a ncRNA class RNA gene, P = 1.5 × 10–5). Although our small exploratory study did not reach genome-wide statistical significance, our study provides, for the first time, preliminary evidence of genetic susceptibility to xerostomia. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of genetic susceptibility to xerostomia.
Interaction effects of diabetes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor on suicidal ideation in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Choi Wonsuk , Kim Ju-Wan , Kang Hee-Ju , Kim Hee Kyung , Kang Ho-Cheol , Lee Ju-Yeon , Kim Sung-Wan , Hong Young Joon , Ahn Youngkeun , Jeong Myung Ho , Stewart Robert , Kim Jae-Min
Published: April 2022

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is related to an increased risk of suicide. Although both diabetes and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway are closely associated with ACS and suicide, the effects of these factors on suicidal behavior in ACS patients have not been assessed. We investigated the individual and interaction effects of diabetes and BDNF-related markers, namely the serum BDNF (sBDNF) level and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, on suicidal ideation (SI) in ACS patients. The presence of diabetes was ascertained, and sBDNF levels and the presence of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism were measured in 969 patients within 2 weeks after an ACS episode. 711 patients were followed up at 1 year after the ACS episode. SI was assessed using the relevant items of the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale at baseline (acute SI) and the 1-year follow-up (chronic SI). Significant individual effects of low sBDNF levels were found on acute SI. The presence of both diabetes and a low sBDNF level or the BDNF Met/Met genotype was associated with acute SI, with multivariate logistic regression analyses revealing significant interaction effects. The highest frequency of chronic SI was seen in diabetic patients with an sBDNF level in the lowest tertile or with the BDNF Met/Met genotype, although the interaction terms were not statistically significant. Our study suggests that the combination of diabetes and BDNF-related markers, such as the sBDNF level and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, might provide a useful predictor of acute SI in ACS patients.
The salmon louse genome may be much larger than sequencing suggests
Authors: Wyngaard Grace A. , Skern-Mauritzen Rasmus , Malde Ketil , Prendergast Rachel , Peruzzi Stefano
Published: April 2022

The genome size of organisms impacts their evolution and biology and is often assumed to be characteristic of a species. Here we present the first published estimates of genome size of the ecologically and economically important ectoparasite, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda, Caligidae). Four independent L. salmonis genome assemblies of the North Atlantic subspecies Lepeophtheirus salmonis salmonis, including two chromosome level assemblies, yield assemblies ranging from 665 to 790 Mbps. These genome assemblies are congruent in their findings, and appear very complete with Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs analyses finding > 92% of expected genes and transcriptome datasets routinely mapping > 90% of reads. However, two cytometric techniques, flow cytometry and Feulgen image analysis densitometry, yield measurements of 1.3–1.6 Gb in the haploid genome. Interestingly, earlier cytometric measurements reported genome sizes of 939 and 567 Mbps in L. salmonis salmonis samples from Bay of Fundy and Norway, respectively. Available data thus suggest that the genome sizes of salmon lice are variable. Current understanding of eukaryotic genome dynamics suggests that the most likely explanation for such variability involves repetitive DNA, which for L. salmonis makes up ≈ 60% of the genome assemblies.
Multi-objective optimal water resources allocation in the middle and upper reaches of the Huaihe River Basin (China) based on equilibrium theory
Authors: Dong Zengchuan , Zhang Jitao , Zhang Ke , Wang Xinkui , Chen Tian
Published: April 2022

In the river basin water resources allocation (WRA) problem, an unbalanced WRA poses challenges to water resources management departments. Many studies focus on achieving a lower water shortage rate while ignoring the equilibrium relationship among the socio-economic system, water resources system and eco-environmental system, as well as the equilibrium relationship among different regions. In this study, a water resources allocation model(WRAM) based on equilibrium theory is constructed to achieve the balance between different systems and different spaces in a basin. First, the relationship among the water resources system, socio-economic system and eco-environmental system is described. Then, the regional equilibrium index and system equilibrium index are constructed. Finally, the first model based on equilibrium theory is constructed. The results show that: (1) the Pareto Front reflects the contradictory relationship between economic development and environmental sustainability; (2) with the restructuring of industry and cropping, both economic efficiency and water shortage rates improve; (3) the equilibrium of the basin could also be further improved if water resources utilisation is further improved. Therefore, this study improves the existing WRAM, which can be applied to guide the water resources management of river basin.
Fixation-related saccadic inhibition in free viewing in response to stimulus saliency
Authors: Kadosh Oren , Bonneh Yoram S.
Published: April 2022

Microsaccades that occur during fixation were studied extensively in response to transient stimuli, showing a typical inhibition (Oculomotor Inhibition, OMI), and a later release with a latency that depends on stimulus saliency, attention, and expectations. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that in free viewing every saccade provides a new transient stimulation that should result in a stimulus-dependent OMI like a flashed presentation during fixation. Participants (N = 16) freely inspected static displays of randomly oriented Gabor texture images, with varied contrast and spatial frequency (SF) for periods of 10 s each. Eye tracking recordings were divided into epochs triggered by saccade landing (> 1 dva), and microsaccade latency relative to fixation onset was computed (msRT). We found that the msRT in free viewing was shorter for more salient stimuli (higher contrast or lower SF), as previously found for flashed stimuli. It increased with saccade size and decreased across successive saccades, but only for higher contrast, suggesting contrast-dependent repetition enhancement in free viewing. Our results indicate that visual stimulus-dependent inhibition of microsaccades also applies to free viewing. These findings are in agreement with the similarity found between event-related and fixation-related potentials and open the way for studies combining both approaches to study natural vision.
Capsaicin directly promotes adipocyte browning in the chemical compound-induced brown adipocytes converted from human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Takeda Yukimasa , Dai Ping
Published: April 2022

Human brown fat is a potential therapeutic target for preventing obesity and related metabolic diseases by dissipating energy as heat through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). We have previously reported a method to obtain chemical compound-induced brown adipocytes (ciBAs) converted from human dermal fibroblasts under serum-free conditions. However, pharmacological responses to bioactive molecules have been poorly characterised in ciBAs. This study showed that the treatment with Capsaicin, an agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, directly activated adipocyte browning such as UCP1 expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, energy consumption rates, and glycerol recycling in ciBAs. Furthermore, genome-wide transcriptome analysis indicated that Capsaicin activated a broad range of metabolic genes including glycerol kinase and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1, which could be associated with the activation of glycerol recycling and triglyceride synthesis. Capsaicin also activated UCP1 expression in immortalised human brown adipocytes but inhibited its expression in mesenchymal stem cell-derived adipocytes. Altogether, ciBAs successfully reflected the direct effects of Capsaicin on adipocyte browning. These findings suggested that ciBAs could serve as a promising cell model for screening of small molecules and dietary bioactive compounds targeting human brown adipocytes.
Physical/mechanical and antibacterial properties of orthodontic adhesives containing Sr-bioactive glass nanoparticles, calcium phosphate, and andrographolide
Authors: Chaichana Wirinrat , Insee Kanlaya , Chanachai Supachai , Benjakul Sutiwa , Aupaphong Visakha , Naruphontjirakul Parichart , Panpisut Piyaphong
Published: April 2022

White spot lesions around orthodontic brackets are the major complication during fixed orthodontic treatment. This study prepared orthodontic adhesives for promoting mineral precipitation and reducing bacterial growth. Adhesives with added calcium phosphate monohydrate/Sr-bioactive glass nanoparticles (Sr/CaP) and andrographolide were prepared. The physical/mechanical and antibacterial properties of the adhesives were tested. The additives reduced the monomer conversion of the materials (62 to 47%). The addition of Sr/CaP and andrographolide increased the water sorption (from 23 to 46 μg/mm3) and water solubility (from 0.2 to 5.9 μg/mm3) but reduced the biaxial flexural strength (from 193 to 119 MPa) of the adhesives. The enamel bond strengths of the experimental adhesives (19–34 MPa) were comparable to that of the commercial material (p > 0.05). The Sr/CaP fillers promoted Ca, Sr, and P ion release and the precipitation of calcium phosphate at the debonded interface. An increase in the Sr/CaP concentration enhanced the inhibition ofS. mutansby 18%, while the effect of andrographolide was not detected. The abilities of the adhesives to promote ion release, calcium phosphate precipitation, and the growth inhibition of cariogenic bacteria were expected to reduce the occurrence of white spot lesions. The additives reduced the physical/mechanical properties of the materials, but the corresponding values were within the acceptable range.
Leveraging explainable machine learning to identify gait biomechanical parameters associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury
Authors: Kokkotis Christos , Moustakidis Serafeim , Tsatalas Themistoklis , Ntakolia Charis , Chalatsis Georgios , Konstadakos Stylianos , Hantes Michael E. , Giakas Giannis , Tsaopoulos Dimitrios
Published: April 2022

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient and reconstructed knees display altered biomechanics during gait. Identifying significant gait changes is important for understanding normal and ACL function and is typically performed by statistical approaches. This paper focuses on the development of an explainable machine learning (ML) empowered methodology to: (i) identify important gait kinematic, kinetic parameters and quantify their contribution in the diagnosis of ACL injury and (ii) investigate the differences in sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of the gait cycle between ACL deficient, ACL reconstructed and healthy individuals. For this aim, an extensive experimental setup was designed in which three-dimensional ground reaction forces and sagittal plane kinematic as well as kinetic parameters were collected from 151 subjects. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology was evaluated using a comparative analysis with eight well-known classifiers. Support Vector Machines were proved to be the best performing model (accuracy of 94.95%) on a group of 21 selected biomechanical parameters. Neural Networks accomplished the second best performance (92.89%). A state-of-the-art explainability analysis based on SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and conventional statistical analysis were then employed to quantify the contribution of the input biomechanical parameters in the diagnosis of ACL injury. Features, that would have been neglected by the traditional statistical analysis, were identified as contributing parameters having significant impact on the ML model’s output for ACL injury during gait.
p16INK4a-siRNA nanoparticles attenuate cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis by inhibiting inflammation in fibroblast-like synoviocytes
Authors: Park Hyewon , Lee Ha-Reum , Shin Hyo Jung , Park Ji Ah , Joo Yongbum , Kim Sun Moon , Beom Jaewon , Kang Seong Wook , Kim Dong Woon , Kim Jinhyun
Published: April 2022

PLGA nanoparticle encapsulating p16INK4a siRNA can attenuate osteoarthritis by targeting fibroblast-like synoviocyte.
Cobalt complexes tuned by Anderson-type polyoxometalates and bis-amide derivative ligands featuring a ‘V’-like connector for efficient ampere sensing and the visible-light catalytic reduction of Cr(vi)
Authors: Zhang Yue , Wang Xiang , Wang Yue , Xu Na , Wang Xiu-Li
Published: April 2022

Four cobalt(ii) complexes assembled from two new bis-amide derivative N-donor ligands and Anderson-type polyoxometalates display excellent electrochemical sensing and photocatalytic reduction activities toward Cr(vi) ions.
Camellia (Camellia oleifera bel.) seed oil reprograms gut microbiota and alleviates lipid accumulation in high fat-fed mice through the mTOR pathway
Authors: Gao Jing , Ma Li , Yin Jie , Liu Gang , Ma Jie , Xia SiTing , Gong SaiMing , Han Qi , Li TieJun , Chen YongZhong , Yin YuLong
Published: April 2022

CO improves dyslipidemia and alleviates lipid accumulation in HF-fed mice, the molecular mechanisms possibly associated with the reorganization of gut microbiota, in particular, Alistipes and Dubosiella, mediated the inhibition of the mTOR pathway.
Controlled optimization of Mg and Zn in Al alloys for improved corrosion resistance via uniform corrosion
Authors: Lim Jaehyoung , Jeong Geonwoo , Seo Kookjeong , Lim Jungsoo , Park Sangjun , Ju Won , Janani Gnanaprakasam , Lee Dong-Kyu , Kim Joon Young , Han Mi-Kyung , Kim Tae-Hoon , Park Sungtae , Cho Hoonsung , Sim Uk
Published: April 2022

The inclusion of trace amounts of Mg and Zn to Al alloys caused the development of β and τ phases at the grain boundary, resulting in the change from pitting corrosion to intergranular corrosion and therefore increased corrosion resistance.
Lead-start isothermal polymerase amplification controlled by DNAzymatic switches
Authors: Yoo Hyebin , Lee Ju Young , Park Ki Soo , Oh Seung Soo
Published: April 2022

Pb2+-controlled molecular switches enabling activation or deactivation of isothermal amplification on demand were developed, preventing nonspecific amplification and allowing quantitative analysis of multiple samples for POC tests even in the field.
Ion-bridges and lipids drive aggregation of same-charge nanoparticles on lipid membranes
Authors: Lavagna Enrico , Bochicchio Davide , De Marco Anna L. , Güven Zekiye P. , Stellacci Francesco , Rossi Giulia
Published: April 2022

Same-charge, monolayer-protected Au NPs aggregate in lipid membranes due to ion-brigding and lipid depletion.
Thermal properties and reliabilities of myristic acid–paraffin wax binary eutectic mixture as a phase change material for solar energy storage
Authors: Fan Zhixuan , Zhao Yunchao , Liu Xuying , Shi Yu , Jiang Dahua
Published: April 2022

A myristic acid (MA)–paraffin wax (PW) binary eutectic phase change material (PCM) was prepared by a melt-solution blending method, and its thermal performance and reliability were studied.
Frame tension governs the thermal fluctuations of a fluid membrane: new evidence
Authors: Durand Marc
Published: April 2022

One-dimensional incompressible membrane in two thermodynamic ensembles: (a) ensemble where frame length Lp and internal tension γ, conjugated to the membrane length L, are fixed; (b) ensemble where L and frame tension τ, conjugated to Lp, are fixed.
Enhanced descriptor identification and mechanism understanding for catalytic activity using a data-driven framework: revealing the importance of interactions between elementary steps
Authors: Liao Wenjie , Liu Ping
Published: April 2022

A data-driven framework was developed which used ML surrogate model to extract activity controlling descriptors from kinetics dataset. It enhanced mechanic understanding and predicted catalytic activities more accurately than derivate-based method.
Growth, structure, and temperature dependent emission processes in emerging metal hexachloride scintillators Cs2HfCl6 and Cs2ZrCl6
Authors: Mykhaylyk V. , Nagorny S. S. , Nahorna V. V. , Wang P. , Frogley M. D. , Swiderski L. , Kolomiets V. , Vasylechko L.
Published: April 2022

Crystals of metal hexachlorides Cs2MCl6 (M = Hf or Zr) have recently emerged as promising materials for scintillation applications due to their excellent energy resolution.
Journey of a molecule from the solid to the gas phase and vice versa: direct estimation of vapor pressure of alkaline-earth metalorganic precursors for atmospheric pressure vapor phase deposition of fluoride films
Authors: Lo Presti Francesca , Pellegrino Anna L. , Malandrino Graziella
Published: April 2022

An easy approach is presented to determine vapor pressures of complexes and thus to evaluate “a priori” their suitability as precursors for AP-MOCVD or spatial ALD. Fluorinated Mg and Ca compounds have been applied to the AP-MOCVD of MF2 films.
Facile synthesis and utilization of bis(o-phosphinophenyl)zinc as isolable PZnP-pincer ligands enabled by boron–zinc double transmetallation
Authors: Fukuda Kazuishi , Harada Takuma , Iwasawa Nobuharu , Takaya Jun
Published: April 2022

Facile synthesis, isolation, and complexation behavior of bis(o-phosphinophenyl)zinc derivatives as phenylene-tethered PZnP-pincer type ligands were demonstrated.
The design and synthesis of spinel one-dimensional multi-shelled nanostructures for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Li Hongli , Wang Yantao , Zhang Junwei , Zhu Liu , Shi Juan , Chen Bin , Hu Yang , Zhang Hong , Deng Xia , Peng Yong
Published: April 2022

A facile and controllable single-spinneret electrospinning technique has been developed to synthesize 1D spinel composite oxides with multi-shelled hollow nanostructures for highly stable lithium-ion batteries.
Transition metal-free functionalization of 2-oxindolesviasequential aldol and reductive aldol reactions using rongalite as a C1 reagent
Authors: Golla Sivaparwathi , Jalagam Swathi , Poshala Soumya , Kokatla Hari Prasad
Published: April 2022

Rongalite induced transition metal and hydride-free reductive aldol reaction is developed for 3-methylindoline-2-ones and 3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylindolin-2-ones from 2-oxindoles. Here, Rongalite plays a key role of being a reductant and C1 source.
Chemical durability and degradation mechanisms of CsPbI3 as a potential host phase for cesium and iodine sequestration
Authors: Bryce Keith , Yang Kun , Wang Yachun , Lian Jie
Published: April 2022

Elemental release: a CsPbI3 perovskite pellet is leached in distilled water; post-leaching analysis indicates the formation of PbI2 and PbI(OH) alteration layers on the pellet surface, and the incongruent release of elements into the leachate.
Microtexture, microstructure evolution, and thermal insulation properties of Si3N4/silica aerogel composites at high temperatures
Authors: Yang Haixia , Ye Feng
Published: April 2022

For thermal insulation and wave transparent at high temperature.
Correction: Cationic conjugated polymer-based FRET aptasensor for label-free and ultrasensitive ractopamine detection
Authors: Fu Xuancheng , Dong Wei , Liu Chang , Han Jing , Huang Chengzhi
Published: April 2022

Correction for ‘Cationic conjugated polymer-based FRET aptasensor for label-free and ultrasensitive ractopamine detection’ by Xuancheng Fu et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 10911–10914, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ra00574c.
P(v) intermediate-mediated E1cB elimination for the synthesis of glycals
Authors: Liu Fen , Huang Haiyang , Sun Longgen , Yan Zeen , Tan Xiao , Li Jing , Luo Xinyue , Ding Haixin , Xiao Qiang
Published: April 2022

A novel glucosylphosphonium-hydrolysis induced E1cB-elimination provides a highly efficient, practical and scalable method for the synthesis of glycals with good compatibility and excellent yields.
Solution-processable perylene diimide-based electron transport materials as non-fullerene alternatives for inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Perez German Soto , Dasgupta Shyantan , Żuraw Wiktor , Pineda Rosinda Fuentes , Wojciechowski Konrad , Jagadamma Lethy Krishnan , Samuel Ifor , Robertson Neil
Published: April 2022

Bay-functionalised perylene diimides were synthesised and as electron-transport layer in inverted perovskite solar cells gave efficiency up to 16.8%.
Tandem organic solar cells with 18.67% efficiency via careful subcell design and selection
Authors: Huang Yuzhong , Meng Lingxian , Liang Huazhe , Li Mingpeng , Chen Hongbin , Jiang Changzun , Zhang Kai , Huang Fei , Yao Zhaoyang , Li Chenxi , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng
Published: April 2022

A low band gap acceptor F-ThBr is designed for the front cell and CH1007 is selected for the rear cell. Using the two acceptors, a tandem OSC is fabricated and offers an efficiency of 18.67%.
Benzimidazolium ionic liquid tagged phenazine salophen as a bifunctional ‘off–on’ PET based fluorescent sensor for aqueous phase detection of trinitrotoluene and picric acid
Authors: Harathi Jonnagaddala , Selva Kumar Ramasamy , Ashok Kumar Somanahalli Kalleshappa , Saravanakumar Duraisamy , Senthilkumar Sellappan , Thenmozhi Kathavarayan
Published: April 2022

Water soluble IL tagged phenazine salophen was synthesized and utilized as a fluorescent probe for discriminative detection of TNT and picric acid, which exhibits FL enhancement with TNT due to restriction of PET and FL quenching with PA due to PET.
Modulation of triplet-mediated emission from selenoxanthen-9-one-based D–A–D type emitters through tuning the twist angle to realize electroluminescence efficiency over 25%
Authors: Han Xianchao , Wang Xin , Wu Yuliang , Zhao Jingcheng , Liu Yang , Shu Haiyang , Wu Xiaofu , Tong Hui , Wang Lixiang
Published: April 2022

Increasing the twist angles between donor and acceptor units in 9H-selenoxanthen-9-one-based emitters can modulate the lowest triplet excited states (3LE or 3CT), achieving pure RTP and dual emission of RTP and TADF, respectively.
CuCo2S4–MoS2 nanocomposite: a novel electrode for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Hasan Sajjad , Reaz Akter Hossain , Das Subrata , Roy Chanchal Kumar , Basith M. A.
Published: April 2022

Hydrothermal incorporation of an MoS2 nanosheet onto ternary metal sulfide enhances the specific capacitance resulting in an asymmetric supercapacitor (CuCo2S4–MoS2//AC) with ultra-high energy density and power density as well as wide potential window.
Effect of Anchor Term on Auditory-Perceptual Ratings of Feminine and Masculine Speakers
Authors: Houle Nichole , Goudelias Deanna , Lerario Mackenzie P. , Levi Susannah V.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Studies investigating auditory perception of gender expression vary greatly in the specific terms applied to gender expression in rating scales.

Purpose:

This study examined the effects of different anchor terms on listeners' auditory perceptions of gender expression in phonated and whispered speech. Additionally, token and speaker cues were examined to identify predictors of the auditory-perceptual ratings.

Method:

Inexperienced listeners (
n
= 105) completed an online rating study in which they were asked to use one of five visual analog scales (VASs) to rate cis men, cis women, and transfeminine speakers in both phonated and whispered speech. The VASs varied by anchor term (
very female/very male
,
feminine/masculine
,
feminine female/masculine male
,
very feminine/not at all feminine
, and
not at all masculine/very masculine
).

Results:

Linear mixed-effects models revealed significant two-way interactions of gender expression by anchor term and gender expression by condition. In general, the
feminine female/masculine male
scale resulted in the most extreme ratings (closest to the end points), and the
feminine/masculine
scale resulted in the most central ratings. As expected, for all speakers, whispered speech was rated more centrally than phonated speech. Additionally, ratings of phonated speech were predicted by mean fundamental frequency (
f
o
) within each speaker group and by smoothed cepstral peak prominence in cisgender speakers. In contrast, ratings of whispered speech, which lacks an
f
o
, were predicted by indicators of vocal tract resonance (second formant and speaker height).

Conclusions:

The current results indicate that differences in the terms applied to rating scales limit generalization of results across studies. Identifying the patterns across listener ratings of gender expression provide a rationale for researchers and clinicians when making choices about terms. Additionally, beyond
f
o
and vocal tract resonance, predictors of listener ratings vary based on the anchor terms used to describe gender expression.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19617564
Two‐view attention‐guided convolutional neural network for mammographic image classification
Authors: Sun Lilei , Wen Jie , Wang Junqian , Zhao Yong , Zhang Bob , Wu Jian , Xu Yong
Published: April 2022

Deep learning has been widely used in the field of mammographic image classification owing to its superiority in automatic feature extraction. However, general deep learning models cannot achieve very satisfactory classification results on mammographic images because these models are not specifically designed for mammographic images and do not take the specific traits of these images into account. To exploit the essential discriminant information of mammographic images, we propose a novel classification method based on a convolutional neural network. Specifically, the proposed method designs two branches to extract the discriminative features from mammographic images from the mediolateral oblique and craniocaudal (CC) mammographic views. The features extracted from the two‐view mammographic images contain complementary information that enables breast cancer to be more easily distinguished. Moreover, the attention block is introduced to capture the channel‐wise information by adjusting the weight of each feature map, which is beneficial to emphasising the important features of mammographic images. Furthermore, we add a penalty term based on the fuzzy cluster algorithm to the cross‐entropy function, which improves the generalisation ability of the classification model by maximising the interclass distance and minimising the intraclass distance of the samples. The experimental results on The Digital database for Screening Mammography INbreast and MIAS mammography databases illustrate that the proposed method achieves the best classification performance and is more robust than the compared state‐of‐the‐art classification methods.
Simulation study of a novel AlGaN/GaN L‐FER with ultralow turn‐on voltage and low reverse leakage
Authors: Shi Yijun , Wang Hongyue , Zhou Bin , Chen Yiqiang , Huang Yun
Published: April 2022

In this work, a novel AlGaN/GaN lateral field‐effect rectifier (L‐FER) with ultralow turn‐on voltage (VT) and low reverse leakage current (IR) is proposed and verified by technology computer aided design (TCAD) Sentaurus. Through shortly contacting the short‐channel metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structure with an Ohmic‐contact structure as the anode of the proposed L‐FER, an ultralow VT can be realized. And by inserting a floating clamp (FC) electrode near the cathode‐side MOS edge, the transverse channel potential at the MOS edge could be clamped to a small value. Thus, the high IR induced by the short‐channel effect in the MOS structure could be suppressed. In contrast to the conventional short‐channel L‐FER, the proposed FC‐L‐FER exhibits about four orders of magnitude reduction in IR, without obvious degeneration in the forward current and VT. Moreover, the proposed FC‐L‐FER also delivers excellent reverse recovery characteristics.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Schöfer P. , Jeffers S. V. , Reiners A. , Zechmeister M. , Fuhrmeister B. , Lafarga M. , Ribas I. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Caballero J. A. , Anglada-Escudé G. , Bauer F. F. , Béjar V. J. S. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Alonso E. Díez , Dreizler S. , Guenther E. W. , Herbort O. , Johnson E. N. , Kaminski A. , Kürster M. , Montes D. , Morales J. C. , Pedraz S. , Tal-Or L.
Published: April 2022

Context. The Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Échelle Spectrographs (CARMENES) instrument is searching for periodic radial-velocity (RV) variations of M dwarfs, which are induced by orbiting planets. However, there are other potential sources of such variations, including rotational modulation caused by stellar activity.

Aims. We aim to investigate four M dwarfs (Ross 318, YZ CMi, TYC 3529-1437-1, and EV Lac) with different activity levels and spectral sub-types. Our goal is to compare the periodicities seen in 22 activity indicators and the stellar RVs, and to examine their stability over time.

Methods. For each star, we calculated generalised Lomb-Scargle periodograms of pseudo-equivalent widths of chromospheric lines, indices of photospheric bands, the differential line width as a measure of the width of the average photospheric absorption line, the RV, the chromatic index that describes the wavelength dependence of the RV, and parameters of the cross-correlation function. We also calculated periodograms for subsets of the data and compared our results to TESS photometry.

Results. We find the rotation periods of all four stars to manifest themselves in the RV and photospheric indicators, particularly the TiO 7050 index, whereas the chromospheric lines show clear signals only at lower activity levels. For EV Lac and TYC 3529-1437-1, we find episodes during which indicators vary with the rotation period, and episodes during which they vary with half the rotation period, similarly to photometric light curves.

Conclusions. The changing periodicities reflect the evolution of stellar activity features on the stellar surface. We therefore conclude that our results not only emphasise the importance of carefully analysing indicators complementary to the RV in RV surveys, but they also suggest that it is also useful to search for signals in activity indicators in subsets of the dataset, because an activity signal that is present in the RV may not be visible in the activity indicators all the time, in particular for the most active stars.