bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preconditions for the Successful Segmental Step-Wise Reconstruction of the Global Function of the Upper Extremity in Case of the Complete Brachial Plexus Injury (Case Report)
Authors: Hatskyi O.O. , Tretiak I.B. , Tsymbaliuk V.I. , Chyrka Yu.L. , Jiang Hao , Tsymbaliuk Ya.V. , Tretiakova A.I.
Published: April 2023

Background. The prognosis of recovery of the distal muscles (dM) of the upper extremity (UE) in complete brachial plexus injuries (cBPI) after any selective nerve transfer (NT) is poor. Free functioning muscle transfer (FFMT) is deprived of the disadvantages of NT. By combining NT and FFMT one can achieve recovery of the global functionality of UE in cBPI.

Objective: to define theoretical and clinical preconditions for each stage (S) of the segmental reconstruction of UE in cBPI.

Materials and Methods. 38 years old male patient 3 months after cBPI underwent NT (S1) of the phrenic to musculocutaneous nerve; branches of the spinal accessory nerve were transferred  to  axillary  and  suprascapular nerves. 36 months after S1 the patient underwent wrist (WA) and trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis (TMCA) (S2). 43 months after S1 the patient underwent FFMT of the gracilis muscle (S3). Clinical and neurological, electroneuromyographic (EMG), and X-ray examinations were carried out within the expected time to achieve the expected result after the corresponding stages of reconstruction. Results. 26 months after S1 m. biceps brachii  and  m.  deltoideus  recovered  to  M4;  m.  supra-infraspinatus  ineffectively  recovered to M3. A stable arthrodesis effect in WA and TMCA was achieved after 42 months in general. Poor clinical and EMG recovery of the gracilis muscle (S3) within the expected time led to indefinite postponement of S4, with clinical and EMG control every 3 months.

Conclusions. Clinical signs of functional recovery cannot be a prerequisite for using a primary recipient nerve as  a  secondary  donor  nerve;  the  number  of  motor  fibers  in  the  donor  nerve  must be confirmed by objective  data  of  morphometric  and  histochemical  express  methods; theoretical preconditions of the “sitting donor” technique appear to be the most promising in terms of recovery of dM of UE.
Ceramic-on-Ceramic Bearings in Total Joint Arthroplasty. Part 3
Authors: Zazirnyi I.M.
Published: April 2023

Summary. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) currently provides durable long-term outcomes, but osteolysis secondary to polyethylene wear debris remains a fundamental cause of aseptic loosening and revision. Conventional polyethylene failed to provide a suitable bearing for young active patients requiring joint replacement because of the significant demands they place on such bearings. Strategies to reduce friction and wear debris lead to the development of ceramic bearings in THA. The next decade is unlikely to see a paradigm shift in the materials used for THA. Instead, the challenges will be aimed at improving surgical technique in terms of component orientation to improve reproducibility and achieve superior patient outcomes. The optimum bearing surface is one with very low wear rates, a low coefficient of friction, scratch resistance, and is biologically inert. It is also one that can safely accommodate larger femoral head sizes to minimize dislocation rates without damaging the taper junction. Such a material already exists with modern ceramic bearings.
Postlabial raising and paradigmatic leveling in A’ingae: A diachronic study from the field
Authors: Dąbkowski Maksymilian
Published: April 2023

This paper discusses and analyzes the variation between ai and ɨi in A’ingae(or Cofán, an Amazonian isolate, ISO 639-3: con) by comparing the data reported in Borman’s (1976) dictionary with contemporary productions. In Borman (1976), ai does not generally appear after labial consonants; the distribution of ɨi is not restricted. In some modern productions, postlabial ai is allowed when the diphthong crosses a morpheme boundary (a + i). I propose that Borman’s (1976) distribution of ai and ɨi is a consequence of a diachronic change of ai to ɨi after labial consonants (* ai > ɨi /B _). The contemporary distribution reflects paradigm leveling and contact-induced replacement: Borman’s (1976) ɨi corresponds to contemporary ai if a is present in another related form. In novel productively-formed words, the availability of postlabial raising is speaker-specific. The proposed sound change of postlabial raising (*ai > ɨi /B _) is unusual and lacks obvious phonetic motivation. I speculate that postlabial raising reflects postlabial rounding (*ai > * ui /B _) opacified by subsequent unconditioned unrounding and centralizing of the back round vowel (* u > ɨ).
Ͻkere is doing something different in adnominal possession
Authors: Oppong Okrah
Published: April 2023

Cross-linguistically, some languages make a morphosyntactic distinction between alienable and inalienable adnominal possession, where alienable possession is more morphologically marked, and inalienable possession shows a tighter structural bond between the possessor and possessee. In this paper, I show that Ɔkere violates these cross-linguistic generalizations differently. I also show that two types of mó occur in the language, one is a possessive marker, and the other is an independent pronoun. Again, I show that the nature of the possessive marker and the independent pronoun leads to a pro-drop in inalienable possession. The data and analysis in this paper favor proposing an overt possessive marker and a covert possessive marker. This paper adds to the literature on the exceptions to the cross-linguistic generalizations on adnominal possession by showing that the exceptions to the cross-linguistic generalizations may manifest differently in some languages.
Optionality in semantic-pragmatic interface of bilingualism? Bare numeral constructions in Tibetan and Chinese bilinguals’ grammar
Authors: Chen Yunchuan , Hua Yuxuan , Wang Shiting
Published: April 2023

Bare numeral constructions (BNCs) can be anaphoric in Chinese but not Tibetan. Since the interpretation of BNCs requires a specific context, we consider it to involve a semantic-pragmatic interface, which has been argued to be vulnerable to crosslinguistic transfer for bilinguals (e.g., Sorace 2005, 2011). This study conducted a controlled sentence-picture matching truth value judgment task to examine whether Tibetan-Chinese bilinguals show crosslinguistic influence when interpreting BNCs in both languages. The data suggests that crosslinguistic effects did occur among some bilinguals. However, there were more bilinguals who successfully differentiated the two languages regarding the interpretation of BNCs. Our findings imply that early bilinguals may not necessarily show optionality in interface phenomena.
Musical genres exhibit distinct sociophonetic targets: An analysis of Quebec French
Authors: Owens Kaitlyn
Published: April 2023

Genres such as indie (Beal 2009) and hip-hop (Eberhardt & Freeman 2015) feature dialectal traits in English, but whether genres form targets distinct from speech remains unclear. We examine genre effects on phonetic variation in Quebec French music by probing the role of genres (pop, country, alternative, and indie) on laxing and diphthongization, processes characteristic of Quebec French (Walker 1984). Stigma facing formal varieties of Quebec French has vanished within dialect (Kircher 2012), yet remains for processes that vary regionally or socioeconomically (Côté 2012; Côté & Lancien, 2019). Whereas laxing is categorical and non-stigmatized (Côté 2012; Paradis & Dolbec, 1998), diphthongization is variable and stigmatized (Côté 2012). We use a novel corpus of ten Québécois singers who released multiple albums from 2011-2021 (29 albums; 326 songs). We find the emergence of genre-specific linguistic norms distinct from speech and argue that genres in music parallel sociolects.
Dependency formation interacts with case: Evidence from Korean double nominative constructions
Authors: Cho Juyeon , Tollan Rebecca
Published: April 2023

The subject-object asymmetry in relative clauses, where structures containing subject dependencies are typically easier to process than those with object dependencies, has been previously attributed to both grammatical function (subject > object) as well as morphological case (e.g., nom > acc). We investigate processing of Double Nominative Constructions (“DNCs”) in Korean, where the object exceptionally has nominative case like the subject (i.e., nom-nom).  This enables isolation of grammatical function and case as possible factors driving the so-called “subject advantage.” We find that dependency formation is more costly in DNCs as compared with nom-acc structures, especially for object relative clauses. We tie this effect to distinctness in morphological case of the subject and object, suggesting that the less morphosyntactically distinct the subject and object are, the more difficult it is to process DNCs in dependencies.
Generic interpretations of possessive recursion in English-speaking children
Authors: Poisson Tyler , De Villiers Jill , Kyuchukov Hirsto , Weinand Bea , Young Lillian , Morales Sofia , Aniceto Laisha
Published: April 2023

Two-part s-possessives such as the dad’s kid’s bike admit at least two distinct interpretations: the dad has a kid who has a bike, or the dad has a bike that is made for kids. We propose that the former interpretation derives from recursively embedding DP-possessives, and the latter from representing kid’s bike as a generic NP-possessive. Accordingly, in the right context, two-part s-possessives are fully ambiguous for adults between ‘recursive’ and ‘generic’ readings. These readings can be disambiguated syntactically. Consider the difference in meaning when we insert a relative clause and extract the constituent kid’s bike — the kid’s bike that is the dad’s — versus when we extract the head noun bike — the bike that is the dad’s kid’s. Our story-based experiment demonstrates that 4-7-year-olds (N=79) and adults (N=68) strongly favor (~80%) the generic interpretation of phrases like the kid’s bike that is the dad’s, as the A-over-A constraint blocks the extraction of a DP-possessive out of a recursive DP. Similarly, adults show a strong preference (~80%) for recursive interpretations of phrases like the bike that is the dad’s kid’s, as the A-over-A constraint blocks the extraction of the head noun bike out of the generic NP-possessive kid’s bike. However, 4-5-year-olds admit generic readings of these recursive phrases 54% of the time; it is not until 6 or 7 years that children show an adult-like preference for the recursive interpretation (~80%). These data support two complementary claims. First, that recursive possessives are acquired late on account of their syntax, and second that children, like adults, represent generic possessives under a different syntactic node than regular possessives.
What's the point? Examining indices in American Sign Language nominals
Authors: Neault Daniel
Published: April 2023

In American Sign Language, nominal phrases contain various pointing signs, referred to as 'indices', which establish specific referential loci in the signing space. These indices can occur pre- and/or post-nominally or can function as an independent pronoun. Traditionally, these indices have been treated as separate lexical items, but I argue that they are instead realizations of the same functional category, namely idx. Here, I extend part of an analysis of Washo nominal phrases (Hanink 2021) to nominals in ASL.
Modeling Mandarin rhotacization with Recursive Schemes
Authors: Zhu Ziling
Published: April 2023

This paper pursues a novel analysis of Mandarin rhotacization using Sonority Scale and characterizes this phonological process computationally with BOOLEAN MONADIC RECURSIVE SCHEMES (BMRSs, Chandlee & Jardine 2021). Mandarin rhotacization shows an asymmetry between high front vowels (i.e. [i, y] and high back vowels [u] vowels. Diverging from previous phonetics-based accounts to explain this asymmetry (Chao 1968; Duanmu 2007; a. o.), I propose that adjacent segments compete in terms of sonority in order to surface and present a refined, detailed sonority ranking in Mandarin. Finally, the if...then...else syntax in BMRSs elegantly formalizes the sonority competition between segments.
Recursive and non-recursive tone sandhi domains in Laoling trisyllabic sequences
Authors: Chen Yi Jen , Hsiao Yuchau E.
Published: April 2023

In previous studies, variations of tone sandhi domains of tri-tonal sequences are either recursive or non-recursive domains, differing only in prosodic branching. In Laoling, however, both recursive, e.g., (σ(σσ)), ((σσ)σ), and non-recursive variant domains, e.g., (σ)(σσ), (σσ)(σ), are observed. In traditional Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 1993), such variations cannot be predicted. In this study, we combine Coetzee’s (2006) Rank-Ordering model of Eval with McCarthy’s (2010) Harmonic Serialism and demonstrate how both recursive and non-recursive domains and their varying frequencies can be predicted.
Mandarin verbal reduplication and the one-delimitation principle
Authors: Chen Chaoyi
Published: April 2023

It has long been observed that an eventuality may be associated with at most one delimitation. This paper argues that the incompatibility between Mandarin verbal reduplications and several post-verbal result-denoting elements is one of the cases to which the one-delimitation principle applies. The discussion of Mandarin verbal reduplication contributes to our understanding of the one-delimitation principle by showing that (i) the one-delimitation principle not only applies to resultatives but also other result-denoting elements; (ii) vP is the domain for the one-delimitation principle.
“Does this make sense?”: The effect of matching guise in regional accent on grammatical acceptability judgments
Authors: Kayali Nour
Published: April 2023

Syntax and sociophonetics are typically treated as wildly disjointed (possibly even incompatible) theoretical pursuits. This paper seeks to unite sociophonetic speech perception and syntax research by presenting participants with matching or mismatching social expectations during a structural grammaticality judgment task. Place is the unifying social association between guise and structure. Participants completed a between-subjects matched guise survey with place-based grammatical structures spoken in either a matching place-based, local accent or a nonlocal accent. Place-based structures are consistently rated more acceptable in the local accent than the nonlocal. These results suggest that judgment of grammaticality results from an interplay of sociocultural expectations with accent and sentence structure. Judgment of structural grammaticality is not independent of social expectation.
Against a low subject analysis of causatives of unergatives
Authors: Neu Eva
Published: April 2023

Contrary to the long-standing assumption that the causative alternation is limited to unaccusative verbs, direct causatives of unergatives have recently been attested in a variety of languages (Massam 2009; Legate 2014; Nash 2017, 2021; Tollan 2018; Tollan & Oxford 2018; Kouneli 2021; Myler 2022; Krishnan & Sarma 2023). The question raised by these causatives is how the causee is realized syntactically and semantically. I argue that in Hindi-Urdu, Turkish and Sason Arabic, direct causatives of unergatives are regular transitives in which the causee is merged as an internal argument assigned a patient θ-role. I propose that such structures are built by coercing the normally unergative verb into an unaccusative use in causative environments, reflected in a deagentivized construal of the causee. I show that this analysis is preferable to a competing proposal according to which the subject of the intransitive unergative and the causee of the causativized variant are both merged in SpecvP. Contrary to the long-standing assumption that the causative alternation is limited to unaccusative verbs, direct causatives of unergatives have recently been attested in a variety of languages (Massam 2009; Legate 2014; Nash 2017, 2021; Tollan 2018; Tollan & Oxford 2018; Kouneli 2021; Myler 2022; Krishnan & Sarma 2023). The question raised by these causatives is how the causee is realized syntactically and semantically. I argue that in Hindi-Urdu, Turkish and Sason Arabic, direct causatives of unergatives are regular transitives in which the causee is merged as an internal argument assigned a patientθ-role. I propose that such structures are built by coercing the normally unergative verb into an unaccusative use in causative environments, reflected in a deagentivized construal of the causee. I show that this analysis is preferable to a competing proposal according to which the subject of the intransitive unergative and the causee of the causativized variant are both merged in SpecvP.
Small complements of Ps and genitive case assignment
Authors: Pleshak Polina
Published: April 2023

This paper deals with possessor case assignment in Samburg Izhma-Komi subjects and oblique nominals. The problem is that the case assigned to the possessor depends on the syntactic position of the enclosing nominal; possessors are genitive in subjects and nominative in obliques. This is not predicted by the current theories of case. Looking at morphosyntactic properties of P-complements in Samburg Komi such as possessive agreement within the complement, possessive agreement with the complement, and plural marking of the complement, I show that these complements are not full DPs. The possessor case-marking follows straightforwardly. Since P-complements are not DPs, as opposed to subjects, genitive cannot be assigned. Independently, I show that nominative is the case assigned in PPs. In absence of a D, the case associated with P is assigned to possessors in obliques. This analysis has several theoretical implications. First, I show that inherent cases are better analyzed as syntactic P-heads alongside free-standing postpositions. Second, I provide an argument in favor of DP-hypothesis. Finally, I show that not all arguments within a language must be full DPs.
Gender-inclusive language as a Rational Speech Act in Spanish
Authors: Yeaton Jeremy , Muelas-Gil María , Scontras Gregory
Published: April 2023

Amidst social changes in gendered language use, there is pushback from institutions such as the Spanish Royal Academy, which claims that the use of the generic masculine (e.g., bomberos ‘firemen’) in describing a mixed-gender group is equally inclusive of both men and women (Bosque 2012). By contrast, speakers of Spanish have increasingly adopted gender-inclusive alternatives to the generic masculine (e.g., bomberos o bomberas; Bengoechea 2015). Across two behavioral tasks, we investigated whether gender-inclusive forms actually lead to more inclusive interpretations. We found that the use of the inclusive form (by contrast to the generic masculine) indeed yields more inclusive interpretations, increasing the inferred femaleness of stereotypically male professions, but also decreasing the inferred femaleness of stereotypically female professions. In an attempt to explain the reasoning that delivers inclusive interpretations, we developed a computational cognitive model of the reasoning process. Our model treats the phenomenon as an instance of a markedness implicature: speakers use the longer, inclusive form to guide listeners away from their prior expectations. This work highlights the need for further research into the use of gender-inclusive language cross-linguistically, as well as for pushback against prescriptive institutions perpetuating stereotypes.
Modeling harmony biases in learning exceptions to vowel harmony
Authors: Finley Sara
Published: April 2023

Artificial language learning experiments typically show non-categorical results after training on categorical data. This is generally due to incomplete learning, but these results can also reveal biases. One example is that participants trained on a vowel harmony language with alternating and non-alternating affixes prefer the non-alternating affix in harmonic contexts (Finley 2021). In this paper, I show that (i) the preference for harmonic items in non-alternating affixes replicates for remote (online) data collection, and (ii) that this effect can be modeled with MaxEnt Harmonic Grammar. In Harmonic Grammar, the harmony score of each candidate determines its grammaticality, and the probability of surfacing. Because non-alternating affixes that satisfy vowel harmony have higher harmony scores than non-alternating affixes that violate harmony, harmonic candidates will be more likely to surface than disharmonic candidates, even when both types of items surface at levels greater than expected by chance. The theoretical and methodological implications for these results are discussed
Examining voice choice in Tagalog: A corpus of web-based Tagalog
Authors: Adricula Norielle
Published: April 2023

This study is a corpus-based analysis of web-based Tagalog (Austronesian) investigating how different prominence features influence voice in basic, declarative, transitive clauses. A large sample of these structures were extracted from a web-based corpus of Tagalog. The arguments were annotated for animacy, definiteness, and other factors proposed to influence voice choice. Preliminary results suggest that despite the morphosyntactic symmetry in voice alternations in the language, the Undergoer voice appears to be the preferred structure regardless of these factors in Tagalog. Moreover, there may be highly constrained contexts in which the Actor Voice is used when describing two-participant, transitive events. This work has implications for how we understand the notion of prominence more generally and how languages might have specific requirements for the mappings between different prominence hierarchies.
Bootstrapping where? Location changes disrupt intransitive verb mapping
Authors: Harrigan Kaitlyn , Bagnoli Monica
Published: April 2023

Children utilize a range of cues in verb learning. The current studies explore children’s weighting of two different cues for verb-meaning: number of syntactic arguments and event location. Naigles (1990) demonstrated that children use syntactic bootstrapping in mapping transitive and intransitive verbs—they hypothesize that intransitive verbs refer to one-participant events and transitive verbs refer to two-participant events. Previous work also indicates that children are sensitive to the location that an event took place when they are learning new verbs. The current study builds on this work, exploring the role of location changes in mapping new transitive and intransitive verbs. We find that children robustly link transitive verbs to two-person events but are weaker overall weaker linking intransitive verbs to one-person events. Children are, however, less likely to link intransitive verbs to one-person events when the event location has changed, suggesting that they are influenced by background changes when interpreting intransitive verbs.
“He sounds like a bureaucrat”: Variation of voice quality in stylistic performances
Authors: Xu Robert
Published: April 2023

Voice quality is a vital but understudied sociolinguistic feature in constructing style and personae. This study examines stylistic performances of character types in Beijing Mandarin, to understand how voice quality varies and comes to conventionally associated with social meanings. Acoustic analysis of recorded performances shows that voice quality is a dynamic variable that should be examined from the lens of different linguistic and discursive levels. Combined with meta-discursive analysis, the findings show that voice quality not only helps to typify a persona, but also contributes to forge relationships in frames of social interactions.
Sensitivity to finiteness in attitude verb interpretation
Authors: Harrigan Kaitlyn
Published: April 2023

Children are sensitive to syntactic structure when learning new verbs (Gleitman 1990). This has been shown in tracking transitivity (Naigles 1990), as well as in hypothesizing meanings for attitude verbs (Harrigan et al 2019). In English, desire and belief subcategories of attitude verbs have different finiteness properties; desire verbs occur with finite complements and belief verbs occur with non-finite complements. The current study explores adults’ sensitivity to varying distributions of finiteness in the complements of a novel attitude verb, aiming to better understand the mechanism for hypothesizing verb meaning based on syntactic distribution. We find that adults’ hypotheses for class of attitude verb are tied to the syntactic distribution—they strongly connect finiteness to belief verbs and non-finiteness to desire verbs.
Vocalic segments and the phonetic basis of weight in Norwegian
Authors: Hogoboom Anya , Meale Bennett
Published: April 2023

This paper revisits and expands on previous analyses of Norwegian syllable weight (Lunden 2006, 2013) and different rime shapes’ ability to draw stress. A production study was run to examine the durationally-based weight categorization of all possible Norwegian rime shapes in non-final and word-final positions. Specific attention is given to the behavior of word-final long vowels in open syllables, which may occur in the language but are relatively uncommon. Evidence regarding different rime shapes’ ability to draw stress is shown through the results of a perception study which probed listeners’ preference for penultimate versus final stress with different rime shape combinations, including those which would result in a word-final long vowel if stressed. These preferences are compared to the results of a Maximum Entropy Model (Goldwater et al. 2003) of Norwegian stress assignment based on a corpus of loan words. We conclude that final long vowels are in fact phonologically heavy, and while they are relatively rare in the lexicon of Norwegian, native speakers tolerate them surprisingly well.
Negotiating communicative imaginaries: Definitional debates and language ideologies in a critical race theory hearing
Authors: Pinkston Paige
Published: April 2023

Between January and March 2022, the South Carolina Education and Public Works Committee held a series of hearings to consider five bills that were introduced in the State House, all of which were seeking to restrict how race could be taught and discussed in schools. As similar “anti-CRT” bills were introduced in a majority of U.S. states, many ensuing political debates focused on disagreements over the meaning and usage of the term “critical race theory.” Proponents and opponents of the bills oriented to starkly different understandings of the definition of CRT, and they relied on different language ideologies to defend those understandings. In examining the relationship between language ideologies and political strategies in over 21 hours of public debates about anti-CRT bills, this project analyzes instances when interlocutors used the same term to invoke different meanings; both Republicans and Democrats treated CRT as a semiotic abbreviation (Slotta 2019), yet the speech chains invoked by this abbreviation were vastly different. For Republicans, CRT invoked an educational praxis aimed at accusing White students of racism; for Democrats, CRT referred to an advanced legal theory that had never been present in K-12 schools. This paper focuses on language ideologies used in instances of explicit definition, ultimately finding that these ideologies depended both on the political stance of the speaker (for or against the bills) and their political role (legislator or public testifier).
A counterfactual analysis of adnominal modifiers
Authors: Ogihara Toshiyuki
Published: April 2023

In this article, I shall argue for a counterfactual analysis of the semantics of some ad-nominal modifiers. This analysis formalizes the intuition that adnominal modifiers are always restrictive in some sense. Technically, the proposal is formalized with an opera-tor that applies to two intensional entities of type  and returns as the value the same type of semantic entity (type: ). In terms of how the rule works, it resem-bles Predicate Modification since it requires a special rule. However, it does not inter-sect the two sets in question. Rather, the rule yields a set of entities that are not neces-sarily a subset of the entities specified by the common noun in the actual world. I call this semantic procedure Restrictive Modification (RM). Essential reasoning is given as follows: the property of being x that has the modifier property and if in all closest worlds w in which x had a crucial property that all CN entities have, then x would have the CN property in w. For example, in the case of stone lion, it denotes the prop-erty of being x made of stone such that if x were to possess a crucial property that a re-al lion has (say, the property of being alive with flesh and blood), then x would be a real lion. This reasoning applies to a variety of adjective types. Some problematic ex-amples such as house key and ice water remain, and they are a reserved for a future study.
Optic Disc Drusen Resulting in Disqualifying Field Loss
Authors: Binkley Robert C.
Published: April 2023

Background: Optic nerve (or disc) drusen is the presence of hyaline bodies at the optic nerve head. The drusen may be visible upon funduscopic examination or may present as buried. Timely diagnosis and responsible imaging may help inform the patient of the potential for future concerns. The long-term prognosis is good for most patients, however, they may experience progressive peripheral vision loss that may reduce the patient’s quality of life. Neuroprotective options have previously been discussed with minimal clinical effectiveness, however, new medications may aid in future treatment. Case Report: A patient presenting with mild and slowly progressing vision loss was examined and found to have optic disc drusen. Visual fields were done to quantify the extent of vision loss and revealed the patient no longer met the criteria for his commercial driver’s license. Findings, imaging, and treatment options are discussed. Conclusion: While no effective treatments exist currently, the potential benefit of brimonidine as a neuroprotective agent is discussed along with other future potential options. An assessment of the viability of the patient’s cost benefit ratio is discussed.
Multimodal Imaging Reveals Bilateral Idiopathic Multiple Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachments: A Case Report
Authors: Ho Diana H. , Pizzimenti Joseph J. , Sanchez-Diaz Patricia C. , Schmiedecke-Barbieri Stephanie , Zuercher Alexandra
Published: April 2023

Background: Retinal pigment epithelial detachment (RPED) is a nonspecific finding that is common in several ocular diseases; however, cases of bilateral idiopathic multiple RPEDs are rare. Less than 50 cases have been reported to date. Bilateral multiple RPEDs are usually idiopathic and benign in nature but can infrequently be associated with various ocular and systemic diseases, including central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). The potential role of genetic factors in this condition remains elusive. We present a case where multimodal imaging assisted in revealing the diagnosis as well as discuss the potential implications of some of the genetic findings for this patient.

Case report: A 30-year-old male presented with a chief complaint of mild, bilateral central blur of one-year duration. Health history was positive for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Conclusion: Multimodal ophthalmic imaging is useful in ruling out various differential diagnoses in posterior segment care, as well as monitoring for progressive changes such as sensory retinal detachment and choroidal neovascularization. Bilateral idiopathic multiple RPED is a rare condition that may represent an atypical form of CSC. There is currently no preferred treatment, besides observation, as visual prognosis is typically good.
Limitations of Telemedicine Vs. Face-to-face Eye Examination in a Patient with New Headaches
Authors: Hallak Joseph , Kalberer Danielle
Published: April 2023

Background: During the emergence and rise of COVID-19, precaution directives and limitations on in-person eye examinations re-routed a significant portion of care to telemedicine and virtual modalities. While these technologies allowed for healthcare communications that otherwise could not occur during such trying times, there are major limitations to these sanctioned applications. This report will present a seemingly benign case that could have easily been re-routed from an in-person examination to a telemedicine version due to the patient’s seemingly “routine” vision complaints.

Case Report: A 50-year-old male patient contacted the eye clinic with a complaint of a minor, new, unexplained headache that he felt may have been related to a change in his vision. The patient requested a telehealth examination with the eye clinic to avoid exposure to COVID-19. After due consideration, the optometry clinic recommended an in-person eye examination despite the very heavy limitations requiring “emergency only” patients in the hospital. On examination it became evident that the cause of the headaches was a rebound hypertensive crisis and the patient did require emergency medical services to stabilize his condition.

Conclusion: This case was ultimately a serious emergency that would have been missed via a remote evaluation. The patient was fortunate to have been given a face-to-face appointment during a time of heavy restrictions and essentially emergency-only appointments. This should serve as a reminder to all eye care practitioners that new headaches are a symptom requiring an in-person evaluation, should a future event require similar clinical limitations. Despite the rarity, even a light headache in an early presbyope, as seen in this case, could be the only overt sign of an emergent condition.
Tribological properties of textured diamond-like carbon coatings
Authors:   Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering,  Kielce University of Technology, Kalinowski Artur
Published: April 2023

This paper presents selected mechanical and tribological properties of DLC coatings (diamond-like carbon coatings) and the results of an applied texture to improve these properties under specific circumstances. It presents the results of the selection of parameters for the laser-texturing process of DLC coatings using a picosecond laser with a wavelength of 343 nm.
A META ANALYTIC REVIEW ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION OF UNIVERSITAS CIPUTRA SURABAYA
Authors: Indudewi Yuanita Ratna , Teofilus  , Arifin Darma Fathurahman , Nuradhi Laurensia Maureen
Published: April 2023

Universitas Ciputra Surabaya has been known for its Entrepreneurship Education since 2006, and many institutions came to do a benchmark study. More institutions came to Universitas Ciputra Surabaya during the pandemic for requisite entrepreneurship education modules and training. However, articles show conflicting evidence that entrepreneurship education cannot intensify entrepreneurial intention, which leads to a lack of entrepreneurial behavior. Extremely, a journal provided data that entrepreneurship education within several colleges and universities holds little to no responsibility in increasing the entrepreneurial rate among college graduates. This evidence comes from a different context and setting apart from Entrepreneurship Education Curricula developed over the years by Universitas Ciputra Surabaya academics. Of about 58 articles in the journal of entrepreneurship education published by Universitas Ciputra Surabaya academics, 14 articles correlated to entrepreneurial intention. Those 14 articles were processed using meta-analysis. The value of r2 = 0.354 indicates that entrepreneurship education has a very strong influence on entrepreneurial intention. Egger’s test results showed no publication bias within this research. The findings contribute to elevating the efficacy of the stakeholder of Universitas Ciputra Surabaya, especially now that “Program Merdeka Belajar” gives access to a broader community
THE ROLE OF M-PAYMENT QUALITY CHARACTERISTIC ON PERFORMANCE EXPECTATION AND SATISFACTION IN SURABAYA (STUDI OF MOBILE BANKING)
Authors: Kurniasari Ardiana , Setiadi Pompong
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of M-payment quality characteristic on performance expectations and satisfaction of mobile banking users in Surabaya. This study uses quantitative methods and data from questionnaires distributed to 180 mobile banking users in Surabaya. The data was processed using SEM-PLS. The theoretical basis of this study is the information system success model (IS) with six dimensions: information quality, system quality, service quality performance expectation, usage intention, and user satisfaction. This study found that information quality, system quality, and service quality in mobile banking significantly affected performance expectations and user satisfaction of mobile banking users in Surabaya.
AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR: UNA ALTERNATIVA SOSTENIBLE SOCIOECONÓMICA Y SOCIOAMBIENTAL EN PANDO
Authors: Calle Soledad , Kerdy Victor Salim Vargas , Romero Flora Magdaline Benitez
Published: April 2023

En Latino América y el Caribe existe una forma de producción de alimentos caracterizada por el trabajo familiar también conocido como unidad familiar laboral. Así mismo ocurre en el área rural de Bolivia, donde encontramos unidades familiares con formas de trabajo de producción diferentes, caracterizados por la geografía y clima del lugar donde se desarrolla. El presente trabajo explica las características de la producción de las familias laborales en la Amazonía Boliviana y su incidencia en el desarrollo socioeconómico. Es decir que estas familias laborales son la base del desarrollo familiar agrícola, por lo mismo son la principal fuente de ingreso que las familias necesitan para subsistir. Además, gran parte de la producción agrícola está dada por el trabajo familiar. Por consiguiente, la producción agrícola es un pilar fundamental en el desarrollo económico y social. Por otro lado, se explica la importancia que el trabajo familiar tiene en la producción para la preservación del medio ambiente, dando lugar a la producción sostenible. Es por ello, que el presente trabajo busca explicar la dinámica de la familia agrícola en la Amazonía, mostrando sus características y los resultados que conlleva esta forma de producción. Sin embargo, se encuentran datos que llaman la atención. De tal forma podemos identificar que existen contradicciones entre lo beneficioso que es la producción mediante la unidad familiar para el medio ambiente y las características socioeconómicas que resultan a partir de la forma de producción adoptada por las familias en la Amazonía. Por último, podemos decir que es necesario aplicar modelos de producción económico social que permitan revertir los resultados socioeconómicos actuales en el área rural de la Amazonía en nuestro país. Por otro lado, es importante que se mantengan las características de producción sostenible preservando el medio ambiente.
TRANSFORMACIÓN PRODUCTIVA DEL EUTERPE PRECATORIA EN LA AMAZONIA BOLIVIANA
Authors: Claure Carlos Matin Benquique
Published: April 2023

Por sus propiedades nutricionales el consumo y demanda de la Euterpe precatoria (asaí) se ha incrementado en los mercados, generando un gran potencial económico para la Amazonia boliviana, además de ser una alternativa productiva coherente con la vocación forestal y la identidad cultural de su población. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio es sistematizar información sobre la transformación productiva en la Amazonia boliviana, para describir la cadena productiva primaria y los actores productivos con respecto a la transformación primaria y secundaria de la Euterpe precatoria. El metodo aplicado es la revision sistematica de informacion secundaria existente, utilizando informacion generada por instituciones publicas, organizaciones, autores cientificos y la inocuidad alimentaria con respecto al registro sanitario en Bolivia. De los datos recopilados se pudo constatar que en Bolivia se cuenta con 66 procesadoras de Euterpe precatoria con registro sanitario vigente, 17 de transfomracion primaria osea la obtencion de la pulpa congelada y 49 en transformacion secudanria. En lo que respecta a la Amazonia boliviana en transformacion primaria solo son 4 las empresas de las cuales una es con razon social privada y las otras tres son asociaciones de productos, en la tranformacion secudaria solo existe una empresa privada que produce yogurt de Euterpe precatoria.. Si bien en la Amazonia boliviana, se encuentra geográficamente la mayor cantidad de materia prima, su participación en darle valor agregado al asaí es muy bajo uno de los principales obstáculos para muchos emprendimientos es el poder contar con la inocuidad alimentaria pera el registro sanitario.
Mechanism of biofilm formation in ESKAPE organism and their treatment
Authors:   Department of Biomedical Science, SDM Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India, Jain Apoorva , Javaregowda Palaksha Kanive ,   Department of Biomedical Science, SDM Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India, Kulkarni Sughosh S ,   Department of Microbiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India, Kulkarni Raghavendra D ,   Department of Microbiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India, Chandrakanth R Kelmani ,   Department of Biotechnology, Jnana Ganga Campus, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India, Oli Ajay Kumar ,   Department of Biomedical Science, SDM Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
Published: April 2023

One of the major global issues is the urgency of nosocomial infections, biofilm development, and antibiotic resistance. The ESKAPE pathogens are a significant factor in these problems (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species). These pathogens, often known as hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), are common in hospital settings and present one of the most significant difficulties in treatment. The development of biofilms, in which the microbial cells adapt to a multicellular lifestyle by getting trapped inside the extracellular polymeric matrix, is a key biological concept in clinical contexts. For the creation of novel antimicrobial agents, as well as for the repurposing of currently accessible medications or pre-clinical substances and the broader use of combination therapies, it is essential to comprehend the process by which these bacteria build biofilms. The Pathomechanisms of these bacterial biofilm formations and alternate strategies to prevent biofilm formation in hospital management are highlighted in this review.
Bump Morphology of the CMAGIC Diagram
Authors: Aldoroty L. , Wang L. , Hoeflich P. , Yang J. , Suntzeff N. , Aldering G. , Antilogus P. , Aragon C. , Bailey S. , Baltay C. , Bongard S. , Boone K. , Buton C. , Copin Y. , Dixon S. , Fouchez D. , Gangler E. , Gupta R. , Hayden B. , Karmen Mitchell , Kim A. G. , Kowalski M. , Küsters D. , Léget P.-F. , Mondon F. , Nordin J. , Pain R. , Pecontal E. , Pereira R. , Perlmutter S. , Ponder K. A. , Rabinowitz D. , Rigault M. , Rubin D. , Runge K. , Saunders C. , Smadja G. , Suzuki N. , Tao C. , Thomas R. C. , Vincenzi M.
Published: April 2023

We apply the color–magnitude intercept calibration method (CMAGIC) to the Nearby Supernova Factory SNe Ia spectrophotometric data set. The currently existing CMAGIC parameters are the slope and intercept of a straight line fit to the linear region in the color–magnitude diagram, which occurs over a span of approximately 30 days after maximum brightness. We define a new parameter, ω

XY
, the size of the “bump” feature near maximum brightness for arbitrary filters X and Y. We find a significant correlation between the slope of the linear region, β

XY
, in the CMAGIC diagram and ω

XY
. These results may be used to our advantage, as they are less affected by extinction than parameters defined as a function of time. Additionally, ω

XY
is computed independently of templates. We find that current empirical templates are successful at reproducing the features described in this work, particularly SALT3, which correctly exhibits the negative correlation between slope and “bump” size seen in our data. In 1D simulations, we show that the correlation between the size of the “bump” feature and β

XY
can be understood as a result of chemical mixing due to large-scale Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities.
Multiple Stellar Populations at Less Evolved Stages. III. A Possible Helium Spread in NGC 2210
Authors: Li 李 Chengyuan 程远 , Ji 纪 Xin 鑫 , Wang 王 Long 龙 , Wang 王 Yue 悦 , Tang 汤 Baitian 柏添 , Milone Antonino P. , Yang 杨 Yujiao 玉姣 , Baumgardt Holger , Jiang 姜 Dengkai 登凯
Published: April 2023

Helium variations are common features of globular clusters (GCs) with multiple stellar populations. All the formation scenarios predict that secondary population stars are enhanced in helium, but the exact helium content depends on the polluters. Therefore, searching for helium variations in a star cluster is a straightforward method to understand whether it hosts multiple populations or not and to constrain the formation scenario. Although this topic has been well explored for Galactic GCs, GCs beyond the Milky Way are challenging to study because of their large distances. This work studies the helium distribution of GK-type main-sequence (MS) dwarfs in an old (∼12.5 Gyr) GC in the Large Magellanic Cloud, NGC 2210, using the deep photometry observed by the Hubble Space Telescope. We compare the observed morphology of the MS with that of synthetic populations with different helium distributions. We confirm that NGC 2210 dwarfs have a helium spread, with an internal dispersion of δ
Y ∼ 0.06–0.07. The fraction of helium-enriched stars depends on the δ
Y distribution. A continuous δ
Y distribution would indicate that more than half of MS stars are helium enriched (∼55%). If the δ
Y distribution is discrete (bimodal), a fraction of ∼30% enriched stars is able to explain the observed morphology of the MS. We also find that the He-enriched population stars are more centrally concentrated than He-normal stars.
Joint Modelling of Dust Scattering and Thermal Emission: The Spider Complex
Authors: Zhang 张 Jielai 洁莱 , Martin Peter G. , Cloutier Ryan , Price-Jones Natalie , Abraham Roberto , van Dokkum Pieter , Merritt Allison
Published: April 2023

Observations across the electromagnetic spectrum of radiative processes involving interstellar dust—emission, absorption, and scattering—are used to constrain the parameters of dust models and more directly to aid in foreground removal of dust for extragalactic and cosmological observations. Dust models can benefit from more independent constraints from complementary observations. Here, we quantify the relationship between scattered light and thermal emission from dust in a diffuse (cirrus) intermediate-latitude cloud, Spider, using data from the Dragonfly Telephoto Array and the Herschel Space Observatory. A challenge for optical observations of faint diffuse cirrus is accurate removal of a contaminating, spatially varying sky. We present a technique to analyze two images of the same cirrus field concurrently, correlating pixel values to capture the relationship and simultaneously fitting the sky-related signal as a complex noncorrelating additive component. For the Spider, we measure a color g − r = 0.644 ± 0.024 and ratios of visible-wavelength to 250 μm intensity of γ

g,250 = (0.855 ± 0.025) × 10−3 and γ

r,250 = (1.55 ± 0.08) × 10−3 for the g and r-bands, respectively. We show how to use any dust model that matches the thermal dust emission to predict an upper limit to the amount of scattered light. The actual brightness of the cirrus will be fainter than this limit because of anisotropic scattering by the dust combined with anisotropy of the incident interstellar radiation field (ISRF). Using models of dust and the ISRF in the literature, we illustrate that the predicted brightness is indeed lower, though not as faint as the observations indicate.