bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molten Salt Driven Conversion Reaction Enabling Lithiophilic and Air‐Stable Garnet Surface for Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Bi Zhijie , Sun Qifu , Jia Mengyang , Zuo Mingxue , Zhao Ning , Guo Xiangxin
Published: October 2022

Garnet‐type electrolytes show great potential in application of solid‐state lithium batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and wide electrochemical window. However, the formation of surface Li2CO3 derived from air exposure triggers uneven contact with Li‐metal, leading to undesirable dendrite growth and performance deterioration. Herein, the Li3PO4 layer replacing Li2CO3 contaminant is built on garnet surface by taking molten NH4H2PO4 salt driven conversion reaction. The high‐flowability molten salt contributes to conformal formation of Li3PO4, realizing the air‐stable garnet by preventing the re‐attack of H2O/CO2 in air. Besides, the high work of adhesion for Li3PO4 on Li‐metal along with the transformation from Li3PO4 to Li3P/Li2O when contacting with molten Li‐metal enables a lithiophilic interlayer, leading to a seamless Li/garnet contact with ultralow interfacial resistance of 13 Ω cm2. Such ion‐conducting but electron‐insulating layer regulates the uniform distribution of Li‐flux, enabling a large critical current density of 1.2 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the solid LiCoO2/Li cell with the modified garnet delivers a discharge capacity of 130 mAh g−1 at 30 °C, accompanied by a capacity retention of 81% after 150 cycles. This study proposes a promising solution for improvement of air stability and interfacial compatibility of garnet using facile molten salt treatment.
The Height of Chitinous Ridges Alone Produces the Entire Structural Color Palette
Authors: Raut Hemant Kumar , Ruan Qifeng , Finet Cédric , Saranathan Vinodkumar , Yang Joel K.W. , Fernandez Javier G.
Published: October 2022

The colorful wings of butterflies result from the interaction between light and the intricate chitinous nanostructures on butterflies’ scales. This study demonstrates that just by reproducing the chitinous ridges present in butterfly scales (i.e., without any other secondary structure), the entire color palette is achieved. This result is achieved using a new methodology based on the controlled reproduction of parts of the biological structure of complex chitinous systems using their native chemistry, enabling the isolation of different features’ contributions. Here the contribution of the ridges and their variations as producing and modulating color hue is isolated. The results suggest that complicated butterfly scales may be non‐ideal solutions for producing color when multifunctionality is not considered.
Graphene Coated Liquid Metal Droplet‐Enabled Dual‐Axis Integrated Accelerometer
Authors: Babatain Wedyan , El‐atab Nazek , Hussain Muhammad Mustafa
Published: October 2022

This paper presents the design, optimization, fabrication, and characterization of a novel accelerometer consisting of a graphene‐coated liquid metal proof mass integrated with laser‐induced graphene (LIG) resistive sensing elements. The sensor utilizes the unique electromechanical properties of eutectic gallium‐indium (EGaIn) liquid metal by confining an EGaIn droplet within a graphene‐patterned 3D pyramid cavity. The pyramid base structure imposes a restoring force on the droplet enabling continuous and simultaneous sensing in two directions using a single proof mass. Coating EGaIn droplet with graphene forms an interpenetrated protective shell around the droplet, enhancing its mobility and mechanical robustness. Design optimization of the sensing microelectrodes is performed to improve the sensor performance. The accelerometer performance is evaluated and characterized, demonstrating a sensitivity of ≈9.5 kΩ g−1 (978 Ω m−1 s2) and a cross‐axis sensitivity of ≈3 % with excellent repeatability (over 120 000 cycles). The sensor is fabricated using a scalable laser writing technique and integrated with a programmable system on a chip (PSoC) to function as a stand‐alone system for real‐time wireless motion monitoring and virtual game control. The developed Graphene/Liquid metal droplet‐based sensor is promising for applications of inertial sensors, inertial switches, and soft liquid metal robots with attractive electromechanical properties.
A Wave‐Driven Piezoelectrical Film for Interfacial Steam Generation: Beyond the Limitation of Hydrogel
Authors: Meng Sen , Tang Chun‐Yan , Yang Jie , Yang Ming‐Bo , Yang Wei
Published: October 2022

Solar interfacial vapor generation based on low evaporation energy requirements is an effective technology to speed up water purification under natural sunlight, offering great potential to alleviate the current global water crisis. The external electric field and hydrogel are two independent methods enabling low‐energy water evaporation. However, the complicated external equipment for generating an electric field and the restricted activation area of hydrogels significantly limit their practical application in steam generation. Thus, a piezoelectric fiber membrane is embedded into a highly hydratable light‐absorbing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel for synergistic water activation. The integrated evaporator is capable of continuously converting the wave energy reserved in the ocean into electrical energy, activating the water in the hydrogel. It is found that the activation effect leads to an improvement of over 23% compared to a non‐piezoelectric hydrogel evaporator. This work provides an evaporation prototype based on the synergistic water activation of wave‐triggered electricity and highly hydratable hydrogel.
AIE‐based drug/gene delivery system: Evolution from fluorescence monitoring alone to augmented therapeutics
Authors: Sun Jie , He Xuewen
Published: October 2022

The aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with unique photophysical properties propel the rapid development of novel delivery systems for drugs and genes. In this review, we first presented numeral classic types of delivery systems based on light‐up AIEgens for real‐time monitoring of the delivery processes and evaluation of therapeutic outcomes of delivered drugs or genes. Next, general strategies were discussed for the delicately structural design of AIEgens that can self‐assemble into bright therapeutic carriers through covalent or noncovalent interactions. Furthermore, given the unprecedented enhancements in therapeutic effects through the use of multimodes of therapy, AIEgens that were endowed with multi‐properties and functionalities were investigated in the constructions of delivery systems for multimodality therapy. Especially, the combinational uses of AIE photosensitizers with chemo drug and small interference RNA (siRNA) were given as examples of augmenting the therapeutic performance in drug‐resistant treatment and moderate immunotherapy by showing synergistic effects.
Do femoral biomechanical properties follow locomotor changes in primates? An ontogenetic study of olive baboons (Papio anubis)
Authors: Cosnefroy Quentin , Marchal François , Bellaiche Laurence , Carlier Robert , Cazeau Cyrille , Lamberton Franck , Perrier Antoine , Theil Jean‐Christophe , Berillon Gilles
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The locomotor repertoire of the olive baboon (Papio anubis) changes during ontogeny from a diversified pattern in infancy to a stereotyped pattern in adults. On the assumption that the femoral diaphysis adapts to variations in the loading regime, we aimed to evaluate the impact of locomotor changes on femoral biomechanical properties during the ontogeny of olive baboons.

Materials and Methods

We used the cross‐sectional geometry of 50 three‐dimensional‐reconstructed olive baboon femora of an ontogenetic sample including individuals from birth to 28 years of age and belonging to a single social group. Cross section parameters were extracted, and cortical thickness maps were produced from 20% to 80% of the femoral length.

Results

Newborns present a distribution of cortical thickness that is longitudinally symmetric and anteroposterior shaped cross sections at midshaft. From this condition, infants, juveniles and adults femoral diaphyses are all characterized by a proximal shift in cortical thickness and a mediolateralization of bending rigidity and strength at midshaft.

Discussion

As soon as locomotor autonomy is established and despite a combination of several significant locomotor modes, the biomechanical pattern remains stable during ontogeny. Our results do not reflect the changes in locomotor repertoires that occur during ontogeny of Papio anubis. We therefore advise caution when inferring complex locomotor behavior from femoral biomechanical properties.
Epidural bupivacaine administration after infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine for transversalis fascia plane block: A case report
Authors: Harbell Monica W. , Binder William J. , Erickson Colby , Goulding Krista , Kraus Molly B.
Published: October 2022

Extended‐release liposomal bupivacaine is frequently used in surgical infiltration for postoperative pain control. The manufacturer recommends against subsequent local anesthetics within 96 hours. We administered epidural bupivacaine one day after local liposomal bupivacaine infiltration for staged hemipelvectomy without symptoms of LAST. Further pharmacokinetic and clinical safety studies are needed.
Multiple keratoacanthomas of Ferguson‐Smith type
Authors: Litaiem Noureddine , Khammouma Ferdaous , Mrad Malek , Bacha Takwa , Belhadj Kacem Linda , Zeglaoui Faten
Published: October 2022

We report a case of a 41‐year‐old male patient with no family history, presented with extensive multiple keratoacanthomas with disfiguring scars. The diagnosis of a sporadic form of Ferguson‐Smith syndrome was made. Treatment with acitretin showed a marked response. Recognizing this syndrome is crucial. Early treatment helps avoid scar formation.
Quantitative Analysis of Degree of Nitridation of Ta2O5 to TaON Particles and their Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Properties
Authors: Kodera Masanori , Sayama Kazuhiro
Published: October 2022

Oxynitride or nitride photocatalysts are typically synthesized by heating oxide precursor particles at high temperatures under NH3 flow. Although there are numerous reports on optimizing the nitridation conditions for different materials, the detailed nitridation mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the nitridation of Ta2O5 to TaON was investigated. The degree of nitridation was quantitatively analyzed using the change in the weight of a powder after nitridation. Three regions were identified in the nitridation process for different nitridation times and NH3 flow rates. Moreover, the initial stage of the nitridation process (linear region) was formulated for the first time. Structural analysis, absorption properties, and oxygen evolution activity were combined with the degree of nitridation to reveal the relationship between the nitridation process and photocatalytic activity. The results of this work are useful for understanding and improving the photocatalytic properties of oxynitrides.
Malignant effusions secondary to metastatic thyroid carcinomas: A review of 15 cases
Authors: Mustafa Mohamed Amin , Malenie Renuka , Mir Fatima , Hamadeh Fatima , Policarpio‐Nicolas Maria Luisa
Published: October 2022

Background

Malignant effusions secondary to thyroid carcinomas are rare, and publications on this topic are limited. This study presents a large cohort of thyroid carcinomas involving effusion cytology.

Methods

A 20‐year computerized search for fluid cytology diagnosed with thyroid malignancy was performed. The following data were collected: patients’ demographics, clinical findings, and histologic diagnoses. The cytology slides and ancillary tests were reviewed.

Results

Among 47,593 specimens, 15 thyroid carcinomas involving the pleural fluid from 11 patients were found. There were six males and five females with a mean age of 72 years. Ten patients with available follow‐up died of their disease. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was the only histologic type. Ten cytology cases were available for review. The cytologic findings common to all cases were nonspecific (clusters/three‐dimensional architecture, enlarged irregular nuclei, and scant to abundant to vacuolated cytoplasm). The classic PTC features were not present in all cases (fine/powdery chromatin [80%], micronucleoli [70%], nuclear grooves [50%], papillary‐like architecture [40%], psammoma bodies [40%], and pseudo‐nuclear inclusions [20%; present on the cell block only]). In 11 of the 15 cases, the diagnosis was rendered with immunohistochemical stains performed on the cell block (paired box 8, thyroid transcription factor 1, and thyroglobulin). In four of the 15 cases, the cytologic diagnosis was made after a comparison with prior surgical pathology or fluid cytology.

Conclusions

PTC is the most common histologic type of thyroid malignancy involving pleural effusion. Because the cytologic findings are nonspecific and classic PTC features are not always present, the clinical history in conjunction with immunohistochemical stains is helpful in arriving at the correct diagnosis.
Experimental evidence that host species composition alters host–pathogen dynamics in a ranavirus–amphibian assemblage
Authors: Snyder Paul W. , Ramsay Chloe T. , Harjoe Carmen C. , Khazan Emily S. , Briggs Cheryl J. , Hoverman Jason Todd , Johnson Pieter T. J. , Preston Daniel , Rohr Jason R. , Blaustein Andrew R.
Published: October 2022

Losses in biodiversity can alter disease risk through changes in host species composition. Host species vary in pathogen susceptibility and competence, yet how changes in diversity alter host–pathogen dynamics remains unclear in many systems, particularly with respect to generalist pathogens. Amphibians are experiencing worldwide population declines linked to generalist pathogens, such as ranavirus, and thus represent an ideal group to investigate how host species composition affects disease risk. We conducted experiments in which amphibian larvae of three native species (Pacific tree frogs, Pseudacris regilla; Cascades frogs, Rana cascadae; and Western toads, Anaxyrus boreas) were exposed to ranavirus individually (in the laboratory) or as assemblages (in outdoor mesocosms). In a laboratory experiment, we observed low survival and high viral loads in P. regilla compared to the other species, suggesting that this species was highly susceptible to the pathogen. In the mesocosm experiment, we observed 41% A. boreas mortality when alone and 98% mortality when maintained with P. regilla and R. cascadae. Our results suggest that the presence of highly susceptible species can alter disease dynamics across multiple species, potentially increasing infection risk and mortality in co‐occurring species.
Decline of insects and arachnids driven by nutrient enrichment: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Nessel Mark P. , Konnovitch Theresa , Romero Gustavo Q. , González Angélica L.
Published: October 2022

Recent studies have documented global declines in insects and their relatives, but the exact mechanisms explaining these patterns are not fully understood. A potential driver underlying arthropod population declines is increases in anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Here, we synthesize the effects of N, P, and combined N + P enrichment on the abundance of hexapods (insects and collembola) and arachnids from 901 experiments reported in 84 studies. We found that N and combined N + P enrichment caused significant decreases in the abundance of these groups overall. While arthropod responses to nutrient enrichment across aquatic and terrestrial habitats and in temperate as well as tropical climatic zones differed in magnitude, our results suggest that arthropods are decreasing similarly in response to nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment. Further, despite previously shown differences in the nutrient demands of different insect metamorphosis groups, we found consistent negative effects of N + P enrichment on all groups. Our results also showed that the negative effects of nutrient additions are stronger for aquatic insects that are considered more sensitive to changes in physical–chemical parameters in their environments, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT), compared with other aquatic insects. In addition, N + P enrichment reduced the abundance of above‐ground and below‐ground arthropods, suggesting that a similar mechanism driving arthropod community change is acting on both groups. These findings suggest that changes in elemental cycles are a potential cause of the ongoing global decline of arthropods and underscore the serious effects of nutrient enrichment on ecological systems.
Metabolomics implicate eicosanoids in severe functional mitral regurgitation
Authors: Hofbauer Thomas M. , Distelmaier Klaus , Muqaku Besnik , Spinka Georg , Seidl Veronika , Arfsten Henrike T. , Hagn Gerhard , Meier‐Menches Samuel , Bartko Philipp E. , Pavo Noemi , Hoke Matthias , Prausmueller Suriya , Heitzinger Gregor , Pils Dietmar , Lang Irene M. , Hengstenberg Christian , Hülsmann Martin P. , Gerner Christopher , Goliasch Georg
Published: October 2022

Aims

Secondary, or functional, mitral regurgitation (FMR) was recently recognized as a separate clinical entity, complicating heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and entailing particularly poor outcome. Currently, there is a lack of targeted therapies for FMR due to the fact that pathomechanisms leading to FMR progression are incompletely understood. In this study, we sought to perform metabolomic profiling of HFrEF patients with severe FMR, comparing results to patients with no or mild FMR.

Methods and results

Targeted plasma metabolomics and untargeted eicosanoid analyses were performed in samples drawn from HFrEF patients (n = 80) on optimal guideline‐directed medical therapy. Specifically, 17 eicosanoids and 188 metabolites were analysed. Forty‐seven patients (58.8%) had severe FMR, and 33 patients (41.2%) had no or non‐severe FMR. Comparison of eicosanoid levels between groups, accounting for age, body mass index, and sex, revealed significant up‐regulation of six eicosanoids (11,12‐EET, 13(R)‐HODE, 12(S)‐HETE, 8,9‐DiHETrE, metPGJ2, and 20‐HDoHE) in severe FMR patients. Metabolites did not differ significantly. In patients with severe FMR, but not in those without severe FMR, levels of 8,9‐DiHETrE above a cut‐off specified by receiver‐operating characteristic analysis independently predicted all‐cause mortality after a median follow‐up of 43 [interquartile range 38, 48] months [hazard ratio 12.488 (95% confidence interval 3.835–40.666), P < 0.0001].

Conclusions

We report the up‐regulation of various eicosanoids in patients with severe FMR, with 8,9‐DiHETrE appearing to predict mortality. Our observations may serve as a nucleus for further investigations into the causes and consequences of metabolic derangements in this important valvular abnormality.
Microplastics in Abiotic Compartments of a Hypersaline Lacustrine Ecosystem
Authors: Alirezazadeh Mustafa , Nematollahi Mohammad Javad , Keshavarzi Behnam , Rezaei Mohsen , Moore Farid , Busquets Rosa
Published: October 2022

The study of microplastics in inland water bodies has been growing recently, but there is still insufficient knowledge of the status of microplastics in lacustrine ecosystems, especially saline lakes. Studies have also been conducted on sediment, water, and biological compartments of lakes. In the present study, the status of microplastics in abiotic compartments of the saline Maharloo Lake (Iran) was evaluated for the first time and included surface sediment, lake salt, sludge, lake water, and wastewater. A total of 742 microplastics, mainly clear and fibrous, ranging from 50 to 250 µm in size and composed of polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate, were identified in 33 samples. Mean microplastic concentrations in solid samples were higher than in liquid ones, with the highest levels (51.7 microplastics kg−1) in sludge and the lowest levels in lake salt (10.4 microplastics kg−1). The highest microplastic levels were found in the northwest area of the lake, where wastewater effluents from urban, industrial, and agricultural activities discharge into the lake. Inter-relationship assessments of microplastics with hierarchical cluster analysis suggested that differences in the distribution of microplastics with different physical properties in Maharloo Lake are greatly affected by weathering processes and proximity to contaminated hotspots. Our results reveal that the widespread occurrence of microplastics in Maharloo Lake mostly originates from potential plastic sources in urban areas of Shiraz Metropolis and its industrial zone in the vicinity of the study area; thus microplastics are dispersed into the lake via surface runoffs, especially wastewater inflows. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:19–32. © 2022 SETAC

Abstract

A schematic picture of microplastics in abiotic compartments of Maharloo Lake. WWTP = wastewater treatment plant; MPs = microplastics.
Pneumonia and subsequent risk of dementia: Evidence from the Japan Gerontological evaluation study
Authors: Khairan Paramita , Shirai Kokoro , Shobugawa Yugo , Cadar Dorina , Saito Tami , Kondo Katsunori , Sobue Tomotaka , Iso Hiroyasu
Published: October 2022

Background

Recently, several studies reported that pneumonia might increase the risk of cognitive decline and dementia due to increased frailty.

Objectives

This study aims to examine the association between a history of pneumonia and subsequent dementia risk.

Methods

Participants were 9952 aged 65 years or older Japanese men and women from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study prospective cohort study, followed up from 2013 to 2019. Dementia was identified by public long‐term care insurance registration. A history of pneumonia contracted 1 year before the baseline questionnaire in 2013. A cox regression model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dementia risk, adjusted for potential confounding variables. We conducted competing risk analyses using a cause‐specific hazard model.

Results

During the follow‐up period of 6 years, 939 persons developed dementia. There was no association between having a prior history of pneumonia with dementia risk (HR 1.20, 95% CI:0.81–1.78). However, we observed an increased risk of dementia in persons with pre‐frailty and frailty; the multivariable HR (95% CI) was 1.75 (1.48–2.07) and 2.42 (2.00–2.93) for pre‐frailty and frailty, respectively. When pneumonia and frailty were combined, the risk of dementia was the highest for the persons with a history of pneumonia and frailty; the multivariable HR (95% CI) was 2.30 (1.47–3.62). The multivariable HR (95% CI) for those without pneumonia with frailty was 1.95 (1.66–2.28). Meanwhile, the multivariable HR (95% CI) for those with pneumonia without frailty was 1.64 (0.68–3.99).

Conclusion

Our findings imply that a prior history of pre‐frailty and frailty with or without pneumonia, but not a history of pneumonia per se, was associated with an increased risk of dementia among population‐based‐cohort of older Japanese people.
Advances in cerebral perfusion imaging techniques in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Fang Hui , He Guangchen , Cheng Yingsheng , Liang Fuyou , Zhu Yueqi
Published: October 2022

The application of cerebral perfusion imaging has demonstrated significant assessment benefits and an ability to establish an appropriate triage of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and large artery occlusion (LAO) in the extended time window. Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are routinely used to determine the ischemic core, as well as the tissue at risk, to aid in therapeutic decision‐making. However, the time required to transport patients to imaging extends the door‐to‐reperfusion time. C‐arm cone‐beam CT (CBCT) is a novel tomography technology that combines 2D radiography and 3D CT imaging based on the digital subtraction angiography platform. In comparison with CT or MRI perfusion techniques, CBCT combined with catheterized angiogram or therapy can serve as a “one‐stop‐shop” for the diagnosis and treatment of AIS, and greatly reduce the door to reperfusion time. Here, we review the current evidence on the efficacy and theoretical basis of CBCT, as well as other perfusion techniques, with the purpose to assist clinicians to establish an effective and repaid workflow for patients with AIS and LAO in clinical practice.
Left atrial dysfunction as the major driver of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction syndrome
Authors: Ovchinnikov Artem G. , Potekhina Alexandra , Belyavskiy Evgeny , Gvozdeva Anna , Ageev Fail
Published: October 2022

Left atrial (LA) dysfunction seems to play a central role in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), is associated with disease severity and poor outcomes and potentially impacts management. Identifying LA myopathy can help guide tailored therapy for HFpEF. Echocardiography allows the accurate measurement of atrial size and function, where LA strain appears to be a sensitive measure of intrinsic LA myopathy. Several therapies and devices that decompress of left atrium are being tested for HFpEF. Further investigation is required to understand the specific atrial effects of statins, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and other therapies.
Multimodality imaging approach of patent foramen ovale: Practical considerations for transient ischemic attack/stroke
Authors: Floria Mariana , Năfureanu Elena Diana , Iov Diana‐Elena , Dranga Mihaela , Popa Radu Florin , Baroi Livia Genoveva , Sascău Radu Andy , Stătescu Cristian , Tănase Daniela Maria
Published: October 2022

A patent foramen ovale, which is present in up to 25% of the population, is a risk factor for cryptogenic stroke (which accounts for 15%–40% of strokes) and transient ischemic attack via paradoxical embolism. This narrative review focuses on the multimodality imaging approach of the diagnosis and periprocedural guidance of patent foramen ovale, with an emphasis on the use of agitated saline as contrast medium in echocardiography, starting from embryologic aspects. Therefore, we aimed to make a concise and complete presentation of the protocol used for this type of evaluation, along with multimodality imaging approach of the patent foramen ovale and practical considerations for transient ischemic attack/stroke.
Fipronil impairs the GABAergic brain responses of Nile Tilapia during the transition from normoxia to acute hypoxia
Authors: Dourado Priscila L. R. , Lima Daína , Mattos Jacó J. , Bainy Afonso C. D. , Grott Suelen C. , Alves Thiago C. , de Almeida Eduardo Alves , da Silva Danilo G. Humberto
Published: October 2022

γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is one of the main neurotransmitters involved in the adaptation processes against the damage that hypoxia can cause to the brain. Due to its antagonist action on GABA receptors, the insecticide fipronil can turn the fish more susceptible to the negative effects of hypoxia. This study aimed to understand better if fipronil affects these GABAergic responses of Tilapia ahead to hypoxia. Oreochromis Niloticus (Nile Tilapia) were exposed for 3 and 8 h to fipronil (0.0, 0.1, and 0.5 µg.L−1) under normoxia (dissolved O2 > 6 mg.L−1) and moderate hypoxia (dissolved O2 < 2 mg.L−1) conditions. Briefly, hypoxia caused opposite effects on the gene transcription of the evaluated ionotropic and metabotropic GABA receptors. Unexpectedly, we obtained reduced HIF1A mRNA and brain GABA levels, mostly in the first 3 h of the experiment, for the hypoxic group compared with the normoxia one. Besides that, we also demonstrated that the insecticide fipronil impairs the brain GABAergic signaling of a hypoxia‐tolerant fish during the transition from a normoxic to an acute hypoxic state. Thus, these results predict the relevant impact on the brain metabolic adaptations of fishes exposed to such stressful conditions in an aquatic environment, as well as the effects of fipronil in the GABAergic responses to hypoxia, which in turn may have ecological and physiological significance to hypoxia‐tolerant fishes exposed to this insecticide.
Psychosomatic symptoms related to exacerbation of fatigue in patients with medically unexplained symptoms
Authors: Hashimoto Kazuaki , Takeuchi Takeaki , Murasaki Maya , Hiiragi Miki , Koyama Akiko , Nakamura Yuzo , Hashizume Masahiro
Published: October 2022

Background

Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are common conditions that cause various somatic complaints and are often avoided in primary care. Fatigue frequently occurs in patients with MUS. However, the somatic and psychiatric symptoms associated with fatigue in patients with MUS are unknown. This study aimed to clarify the intensity of fatigue and the related somatic and psychiatric symptoms in patients with MUS.

Methods

A total of 120 patients with MUS aged 20–64 years who visited the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Toho University Medical Center Omori Hospital, between January and March 2021 were considered. The participants' medical conditions were assessed using the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS), Somatic Symptom Scale‐8 (SSS‐8), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). We estimated the relationship between CFS, SSS‐8 and HADS by using Spearman's rank correlation. Additionally, linear multiple regression analysis with CFS as the objective variable was used to identify symptoms related to fatigue.

Results

Fatigue was significantly associated with all symptoms observed (p < 0.01). Linear multiple regression analysis revealed that “dizziness,” “headache,” and “Sleep medication” were extracted as relevant somatic symptoms (p < 0.05), independent of anxiety and depression, which were already known to be associated with fatigue in MUS.

Conclusion

The intensity of anxiety, depression, headache, and dizziness were all associated with the intensity of fatigue in MUS patients. On the contrary, sleeping medication was associated with lower levels of fatigue in MUS.
Trace determination of triazine herbicides in fruit and vegetables using novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent‐based dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet
Authors: Jouybari Toraj Ahmadi , Jouybari Hadi Ahmadi , Shamsipur Mojtaba , Babajani Nasrin , Kiani Amir , Nematifar Ziba , Sharafi Kiomars , Moradi Masoud , Fattahi Nazir
Published: October 2022

In the present research, a novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent‐based dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction technique was established and combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet for the determination of triazine herbicides in fruit and vegetable samples. A deep eutectic solvent was synthesized using l‐menthol as a hydrogen bond acceptor and ethylene glycol as a hydrogen bond donor and used as a green extractant. The characterization of deep eutectic solvent was investigated by Fourier‐transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermogravimetric analysis. Under the optimum conditions, relative standard deviation values for intra‐day and inter‐day of the method based on seven replicate measurements of 50.0 μg/kg of triazines were in the range of 2.8%–5.5% and 3.7%–7.2%, respectively. The calibration graphs were linear in the range of 3.0–500 μg/kg and the limits of detection were in the range of 1.0–2.0 μg/kg. The relative recoveries of different fruit and vegetable samples that have been spiked with two levels of target compounds were 91.5%–109.8%. The method has good linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. It is also environmentally friendly and was successfully used to determine the concentrations of triazines in fruit and vegetable samples.
Giant basal cell carcinoma of the scrotum: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ogawa Hiroki , Kitamura Shinya , Seo Takashi , Yoshimoto Norihiro , Yanagi Teruki , Ujiie Hideyuki
Published: October 2022

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer. However, BCC on the scrotum is very rare, with an incidence of 0.03%. Giant BCC, in which the tumour is larger than 5 cm, has also been reported as a rare variant. Here, we report a 71‐year‐old male with a giant BCC on the scrotum and review similar cases reported in English. None of the four cases of giant BCC on the scrotum, including the present case, showed lymph node or distant metastasis. Wide local excision was conducted in all cases, and no recurrence was reported. The role of human papilloma virus in scrotal BCC development remains unclear.
Estimation of gas exchange coefficients from observations on the Yenisei River, Russia
Authors: Molodtsov Sergey , Anis Ayal , Li Dapeng , Korets Mikhail , Panov Alexey , Prokushkin Anatoly , Yvon‐Lewis Shari , Amon Rainer M. W.
Published: October 2022

The gas exchange between water bodies and air is difficult to measure, thus the approximations of air–water gas exchange coefficient based solely on wind speed has been widely used. However, such approaches may not work well in river environments. In rivers, water currents may govern gas exchange. Thus, a new approximation for calculating the gas exchange coefficient (k) based on the near‐surface velocity scale (us) is suggested and compared to wind‐based estimates. Our velocity scale estimates are based on field observations during summer 2016 on the Yenisei River using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, high‐frequency temperature profilers and a vessel‐mounted meteorological sensors‐suite. The results demonstrate that us‐derived gas exchange coefficients are higher than those based solely on wind speed. The results demonstrate that the wind approximation underestimates gas exchange coefficients during low‐wind conditions.
Spin‐Controlled Reconfigurable Excitations of Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons by a Compact Structure
Authors: Liu Jun Feng , Wu Jun Wei , Fu Xiaojian , Zhang Hao Chi , Tang Wenxuan , Cui Tie Jun
Published: October 2022

The photonic spin Hall effect (SHE) arises from the spin–orbit interaction of lights and plays an important role in light–matter interactions. The phenomenon of spin‐momentum locking validates photonic SHE with unprecedented abilities in wave manipulation. Here, the directional coupling and spin‐momentum locking in spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP) are demonstrated. The transverse spin angular momentum in SSPP is calculated using effective medium theory and the study shows the spin direction is inherently locked to the propagation direction, thus manifesting the spin–orbit interaction of electromagnetic (EM) waves. The spin‐momentum locking is further verified by projecting linearly and circularly polarized waves onto a scatterer‐SSPP structure. It is observed that the helicity of the incident EM wave governs the propagation direction of excited SSPP modes and the directional coupling originates from constructive and destructive interferences of two orthogonal modes. Reconfigurable transmissions of SSPPs are further demonstrated. The proposed design can find applications in reconfigurable sensors, antennas, and power dividers. This approach demonstrates the spin‐momentum locking in SSPPs and introduces new degrees of freedom to manipulate SSPPs by engineering the helicity and interference of EM waves.
Recent advances in smart‐responsive hydrogels for tissue repairing
Authors: Hu Cheng , Yang Li , Wang Yunbing
Published: October 2022

The rapid development of biomedical materials and tissue engineering technology has played an increasingly important role in the process of tissue repair in recent years. Smart‐responsive hydrogels are three‐dimensional network structures formed by cross‐linking of hydrophilic polymers. In addition to having conventional hydrogels that approximate the natural extracellular matrix structure and serve as delivery vehicles for functional molecules (drugs and proteins). More importantly, smart‐responsive hydrogels can achieve relevant changes in material morphology or properties under the conditions of changes in physical, chemical, and biological factors, thereby achieving controlled functional molecules release. It is more urgent to design and build smart‐responsive hydrogels to achieve precise tissue repair with the introduction of the concept of precision medicine and drug delivery. In this review, we highlight different types of smart‐responsive hydrogels and their mechanisms of response to different stimuli and discuss their potential for application in different types of tissue repair, such as chronic wound repair, damaged heart tissue repair, brain nerve tissue repair, and other fields. Finally, we present the prospects of smart‐responsive hydrogels in tissue repair. In general, the current progress in the application of smart‐responsive hydrogels in tissue repair lays the foundation for future applications in other diseases.
On the existence of solutions to a (p,q)‐Laplacian system on the Sierpiński gasket on ℝN−1
Authors: Souissi Chouhaïd
Published: October 2022

We study the existence of solutions for the following boundary value problem involving the
‐Laplacian

where
is the Sierpiński g on
for
is its boundary,
are appropriate functions and
and
are reals satisfying an adequate hypothesis.
Temporal homogenization formula for viscoelastic–viscoplastic model subjected to local cyclic loading
Authors: Lee Wonjoo , Shin Hyunseong
Published: October 2022

In this study, a temporal homogenization formula was developed to predict the response fields (i.e., stress, strain, and displacement) of a viscoelastic–viscoplastic model under local cyclic loading. It is the first attempt to apply the temporal homogenization formula of constitutive equations with higher‐order differential forms on the viscoelastic–viscoplastic model. The temporal homogenization formula is classified into two types: non‐updated temporal homogenization formula and updated temporal homogenization formula. Initial boundary value problem was classified into the global initial boundary value problem and the local initial boundary value problem. To verify this method, two examples were used: (i) when a uniaxial cyclic load is applied to a one‐dimensional bar and (ii) when a multiaxial cyclic load is applied to a three‐dimensional bar. On comparing the accuracy of the non‐updated and the updated temporal homogenization formula, it can be clearly seen that the updated temporal homogenization formula yielded more accurate results.
Exosomal proteins as a source of biomarkers in colon cancer‐derived peritoneal carcinomatosis – A pilot study
Authors: Vallejos Paul A. , Fuller Ryan N. , Kabagwira Janviere , Kwong Mei Li , Gonda Amber , McMullen James R. W. , Le Natasha , Selleck Matthew J. , Miller Lance D. , Perry Christopher C. , Senthil Maheswari , Wall Nathan R.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), metastasized from colorectal cancer (CRC), remains a highly lethal disease. Outcomes of PC is significantly influenced by the amount of intra‐abdominal tumor burden and therefore diagnostic tests that facilitate earlier diagnosis could improve PC treatment and patient outcomes.

Experimental Design

Using mass‐spectrometry‐based proteomics, we characterized the protein features of circulating exosomes in the context of CRC PC, CRC with liver metastasis, and primary CRC limited to the colon. We profiled exosomes isolated from patient plasma to identify exosome‐associated protein cargoes released by these cancer types.

Results

Analysis of the resulting data identified metastasis‐specific exosome protein signatures. Bioinformatic analyses confirmed enrichment of proteins annotated to vesicle‐associated processes and intracellular compartments, as well as representation of cancer hallmark functions and processes.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

This research yielded distinct protein profiles for the CRC patient groups and suggests the utility of plasma exosome proteomic analysis for a better understanding of PC development and metastasis.
Expanding from LOPA to quantitative bow tie analysis
Authors: Marszal Edward M.
Published: October 2022

The layer of protection analysis (LOPA) is a ubiquitous part of the workflow for process hazards analysis and engineered safeguard design. LOPA became popular as an extension of process hazards analysis (PHA) techniques like hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies, where a little more formality and quantification were required to help better understand the risk or to provide order‐of‐magnitude design criteria for safeguards. Even so, from its inception LOPA has suffered from limitations that are rooted in the “one‐cause, one‐consequence” paradigm to the analysis that limits the scope. This limitation can result in design errors where engineered safeguards that protect against a consequence with multiple causes can be under‐designed by looking at one cause at a time. Also, safeguards that reduce the magnitude of consequences (i.e., mitigate) instead of preventing loss of containment cannot be addressed at all without ignoring the residual consequence that exists even if the safeguard activates successfully. While some extensions of LOPA that address the issue of multiple causes are commonly used, mitigative safeguards are rarely appropriately addressed and designed using LOPA. Finally, the textual nature of the process also makes results hard to communicate to nonpractitioners. Recent research into unified hazard assessment that combines HAZOP, LOPA, and bow tie analysis has yielded techniques that elegantly address all the limitations of LOPA while also providing a graphical presentation that facilitates result communication. This paper will provide background on how unified hazard assessment yielded the techniques of quantitative bow tie analysis. The paper will also describe in detail how to implement quantitative bow tie analysis along with the mathematical concepts used for quantification of risk for multiple causes and multiple consequences inside a single bow tie diagram. The concepts will be presented using example studies that include mitigative safeguards and multiple cause scenarios.
Adaptive dynamic programming‐based adaptive‐gain sliding mode tracking control for fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicle with disturbances
Authors: Zhang Chaofan , Zhang Guoshan , Dong Qi
Published: October 2022

This article proposes an adaptive dynamic programming‐based adaptive‐gain sliding mode control (ADP‐ASMC) scheme for a fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with matched and unmatched disturbances. Starting from the dynamic of fixed‐wing UAV, the control‐oriented model composed of attitude subsystem and airspeed subsystem is established. According to the different issues in two subsystems, two novel adaptive‐gain generalized super‐twisting (AGST) algorithms are developed to eliminate the effects of disturbances in two subsystems and make the system trajectories tend to the designed integral sliding manifolds in finite time. Then, based on the expected equivalent sliding‐mode dynamics, the modified adaptive dynamic programming approach with actor‐critic structure is utilized to generate the nearly optimal control laws and achieve the nearly optimal performance of the sliding‐mode dynamics. Furthermore, through the Lyapunov stability theorem, the tracking errors and the weight estimation errors of two neural networks are all uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, comparative simulations demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed control scheme for the fixed‐wing UAV.
Missionary, citizen, and consumer: Evangelical American child sponsorship and humanitarian marketing in the 1950s and 1960s
Authors: Henquinet Kari B.
Published: October 2022

Child sponsorship has been a wildly successful fundraising strategy for humanitarian and development organizations since the Cold War. This article examines the formative period of child sponsorship's growth and early humanitarian marketing strategies using the case of the now evangelical humanitarian giant World Vision in the 1950s and 1960s. Using archival sources from this period, I identify three channels that appear in World Vision child sponsorship ads and branding: Christian missionary sentimentalism, Cold War citizenship, and American consumerism. World Vision operated in all three channels as it transposed familiar cultural meaning to images, gifts, stories, performances, and experiences circulating in the humanitarian moral economy. World Vision experimented in this period with messaging using emerging marketing strategies in addition to established missionary, military, and political networks and rhetoric. This article considers the various historical threads of child sponsorship as a successful humanitarian fundraising strategy that has endured yet been reworked over time.
Synthesis of a New Molecular Imprinted Polymer for Oxycodone Opioid and Its Formulation for Transdermal Controlled Drug Delivery Application: A Joint Experimental and Quantum Chemical Study
Authors: Behnia Nasrin , Azar Parviz Aberoomand , Shekarchi Maryam , Tehrani Mohammad Saber , Adib Noushin
Published: October 2022

In the present project, a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by using oxycodone (as the molecular template as well as the guest drug). The precipitation polymerization approach was used for preparation of the nano‐composites. Methacrylic acid (MAA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and 2,2‐azobisissobutyronitrile (AIBN), were used as the functional monomer, the crosslinker, and as the photoinitiator, respectively. Moreover, to decrease the release rate of the drug, the bacterial cellulose (BC) was used in formulation of MIP contained‐transdermal patch. The release study of the drug by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system (fitted with the Higuchi expression) has indicated that the MIP‐BC is a good candidate for the controlled transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS). Finally, both the MIP‐, and the non‐molecular imprinted polymers (NIP)‐drug systems were designed and studied by the density functional theory (DFT) quantum chemical method, to investigate the potential energy surface (PES), structural properties, and adsorption behavior in the molecular view. The results showed that the formation of MIP‐oxycodone (−12.85 kcal mol−1) system is more favorable than the formation of the NIP‐oxycodone one (−11.35 kcal mol−1) (due to more hydrogen bonds, and polar interactions).
Construction and Application of a New Polarity‐Sensitive Fluorescent Probe Based on the Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Wang Kai , Jiao Yawen , Ma Qingqing , Shu Wei , Xiao Haibin , Zhang Tian , Liu Yuying
Published: October 2022

A new excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer based near‐infrared emission and polarity‐sensitive fluorescent probe (E)‐3‐((E)‐2‐chloro‐3‐((E)‐2‐(3‐ethyl‐1,1‐dimethyl‐1H‐benzo[e]indol‐2(3H)‐ylidene)ethylidene)cyclohex‐1‐en‐1‐yl)‐1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (M‐NA) was developed. This probe consisted of benzomerocyanine unit and o‐hydroxyacetophenone unit. In high‐polar solvent, M‐NA displayed higher fluorescence and longer emission wavelength. Theoretical calculations data showed that M‐NA had larger emission oscillator strength and lower non‐radiative decay in high polarity media, corresponding with the fluorescence character. Further experiments verified that M‐NA possessed excellent selectivity and stability, and could further quantify the accurate polarity as well as the water content of binary mixed solvent.