bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BUNGA TELANG (Clitoria ternatea L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli DALAM SEDIAAN GEL HAND SANITIZER
Authors: Ganis Bella Afni , Ulfa Ade Maria , Nofita Nofita
Published: January 2023

Tanaman yang memiliki daya antibakteri salah satunya adalah bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.). Sediaan farmasi yang telah banyak digunakan sebagai antibakteri untuk menjaga kesehatan dan kebersihan tangan yang praktis dan mudah dibawa salah satunya yaitu gel hand sanitizer. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak bunga telang dan keefektivitasan sediaan gel hand sanitizer dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Ekstraksi bunga telang menggunakan metode perkolasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian daya hambat bakteri pada ekstrak bunga telang menggunakan metode disk dan pada sediaan gel hand sanitizer menggunakan metode sumuran. Konsentrasi ekstrak bunga telang yang digunakan yaitu 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, dan 40%. Uji daya hambat pada konsentrasi 1% tidak terbentuk zona hambat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Pada sediaan gel hand sanitizer konsentrasi yang digunakan adalah 10% dengan rata-rata zona hambat 9,5500 mm efektivitas sebesar 88,55% terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus serta 8,6250 mm efektivitas sebesar 85,65% terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli.
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR KOMORBID DENGAN PROGNOSIS PASIEN COVID-19 DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG TAHUN 2020-2021
Authors: Rusmini Hetti , Sinaga Fransisca TY , Soemarwoto Retno Ariza , Nu’syadiyah Nurul Halimah
Published: January 2023

Latar Belakang : Corona virus Disease (Covid-19) merupakan pandemi yang telah mengakibatkan tingginya angka mortalitas di berbagai belahan dunia dan merupakan penyakit yang memiliki perjalanan cepat dan sangat mudah menular dan menyerang hampir seluruh kalangan usia. Orang dengan riwayat penyakit kronis (hipertensi, diabetes melitus, penyakit paru kronis, dan kardiovaskuler) sebagai penyakit penyerta (komorbid) dapat berisiko tinggi terkena Covid-19 serta mengalami komplikasi atau perburukan kondisi, bahkan mengalami kematian.Tujuan penelitian : Untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor komorbid dengan prognosis pasien covid-19 di Kota Bandar Lampung tahun 2020-2021.Metode penelitian : Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan retrospektif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 1030 orang. Analisa data menggunakan uji chi square.Hasil Penelitian : Diketahui sebagian besar responden berjenis kelamin laki-laki (52.4%) , berusia 46-55 tahun (25.1%), memiliki penyakit komorbid hipertensi (48.0%) dan prognosis responden sebagian besar adalah hidup atau sembuh (83.5%). Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara penyakit komorbid dengan prognosis pada pasien COVID-19 di Kota Bandar Lampung tahun 2020-2021 (p-value= 0.000 ; OR = 3.52).Kesimpulan : Berdasarkan analisa dan pembahasan di atas, ada ada hubungan yang signifikan antara penyakit komorbid dengan prognosis pada pasien COVID-19 Kota Bandar Lampung tahun 2020-2021 (p-value= 0.000 ; OR = 3.52).
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA LANSIA DI WILAYAH KERJA UPTD PUSKESMAS KOTABUMI II
Authors: Cahyadi Edy , Fuadi Fuadi , Affuan Valensia Refni
Published: January 2023

Hipertensi disebut juga Silent Killer karena sering muncul tanpa gejala. Hipertensi merupakan keadaan dimana tekanan darah sistolik >140 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik > 90 mmHg dengan dua kali pengecekan dalam jeda waktu lima menit dalam kondisi tenang dan cukup istirahat. Riskesdas pada tahun 2018 mencatat prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia sebesar 34,11%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada lansia di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Kotabumi II. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua lansia yang tinggal di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Kotabumi II. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah lansia yang berkunjung di 10 posyandu lansia di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Kotabumi II yang berjumlah 84 responden. Teknik sampling menggunakan total sampling. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square dan uji T. Hasil uji Chi-square penelitian ini, variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada lansia adalah perilaku merokok (p-value = 0,029) dan aktivitas fisik (p-value = 0,018). Sedangkan variabel yang tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada lansia adalah jenis kelamin (p-value = 0,614) dan diabetes melitus (p-value = 0,849).
PREDIKTOR LAMA RAWATAN PASIEN COVID-19 MELALUI PARAMETER BIOMARKER DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM HAJI MEDAN TAHUN 2020-2021
Authors: Kurnia M Agung , Nababan Donal , Irennius Girsang Vierto , Siagan Mindo Tua , Tarigan Frida
Published: January 2023

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prediktor lama rawatan pasien COVID-19 melalui parameter biomarker di Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Medan tahun 2020-2021. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan desain kohort restrospektif. Data didapat dengan menggunakan rekam medis pasien terdiagnosis COVID-19 yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Medan. Instrumen penelitian adalah Rekam medis pasien COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Medan. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah semua rekam medis pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Medan selama periode waktu tahun 2020 sampai 2021, penelitian menggunakan metode total sampel dan terdapat 711 sampel.  Hasil penelitian dari 711 pasien COVID 19 yang menjalani rawat Inap selama tahun 2020 – 2021 di Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Medan provinsi Sumatera Utara didapatkan 144 (20.3%) pasien menjalani lama rawat inap yaitu 7 hari. Dari hasil analisis Univariat di dapatkan rata-rata kadar biomarker pasien yang di rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum haji Medan yaitu Hemoglobin 12.7 (g/dL), Eritrosit 4.67 (juta/uL), Trombosit 266 (ribu/mm3), Leukosit 9.8 (ribu/mm3), Limfosit 44 (%), Basofil 0.8 (%), Neutrofil 39 (%), D Dimer 1449 (ug/mL), dan Gula Darah 130.65 (mg/dL). Dari hasil Analisis Bivariat dapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara leukosit dengan nilai (p = 0,002) dan neutrophil dengan nilai (p = 0.013) dimana nilai ini lebih kecil dari (<0,05) yang menunjukkan ada hubungan antara kedua variable dengan lama rawatan pasien COVID 19. Dari hasil analisis Multivariat di dapatkan Biomarker seperti Hemoglobin, Eritrosit, Trombosit, Leukosit, Limfosit, Basofil, Neutrofil, Prokalsitonin, D Diimer dan gula darah memiliki nilai signifikansi (>0.05). Kesimpulan tidak terdapat pengaruh biomarker dengan lama rawatan pasien COVID 19 di rumah sakit Umum Haji Medan.
Self-Directed Learning Readiness (SDLR) pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang
Authors: Pradana Aryanda Rizky Aryudha , Novitasari Andra , Arfiyanti Mega Pandu
Published: January 2023

SDLR (Self Directed Learning Readiness) adalah kematangan/kesigapan pelajar dalam melakukan pembelajaran secara mandiri, terbagi atas personal characteristic (karakteristik personal), skills, attitudes (sikap). Penerapan self directed learning readiness (SDLR) yang tinggi dan memiliki kualitas tinggi untuk dapat mengatasi gagalnya pembelajaran serta masalah psikis pada semua usia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaituxuntuk mengetahui perbandingan self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) pada mahasiswa FakultasxKedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang angkatan 2018, 2019, 2020 dan 2021. Metode penelitian kuantitatif, comparative analytic observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah SDLRS. Analisis bivariat perbandingan SDLR diuji dengan menggunakan uji Kruskal wallis. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa FK UNIMUS angkatan 2018, 2019, 2020, dan 2021 yang diambil melalui teknik proporsional stratified random sampling. Penelitian ini memiliki total sampel 246 responden. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa skor SDLR pada responden angkatan 2018 dengan rerata 144.85, pada responden angkatan 2019 dengan rerata 141.15, pada responden angkatan 2020 dengan rerata 134.66, dan pada responden angkatan 2021 dengan rerata 131.46. Hasil analisis bivariat perbandingan SDLR diuji dengan menggunakan uji Kruskal wallis test menunjukkan p-value=0,00 yang berarti terdapat perbandingan yang bermakna antar angkatan.
Pola Kombinasi Genotip Gen BMP2 Rs235768 A>T Pada Kejadian Celah Bibir Dan Atau Palatum Non Sindromik
Authors: Sosiawan Agung , Kurniati Mala , Pramono RM Coen
Published: January 2023

Celah bibir dengan atau tanpa palatum (CB/P) adalah suatu kondisi deformitas orofasial yaitu terbentuknya pembukaan atau celah yang tidak wajar pada bibir atau palatum. Sekitar 70% CB/P yang terjadi di populasi adalah non sindromik (NS). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pola kombinasi genotip gen BMP2 rs235768 A>T pada keluarga pasien CB/P. Sampel DNA yang berhasil diamplifikasi dan direstriksi sebanyak 5 sampel keluarga yang terdiri dari ayah, ibu dan anak dengan kelainan CB/P. Berdasarkan analisis dengan menggunakan enzim restriksi dan software program Finch TV dan Bioedit, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi adanya perubahan basa A men­jadi basa T yang merupakan missense mutasi (Serin – Arginin/TCA-TCT).  Dari hasil pemetaan pada gen BMP2 rs235768 A>T menunjukkan kelima keluarga memiliki kombinasi yang berbeda-beda. Hal yang menarik pada keluarga ke - 3, kombinasi ayah bergenotip AA (Homozigot/common) dan ibu bergenotip TT (Homozigot/uncommon), memiliki anak ke -3 bergenotip AA (Homozigot/common) dengan kelainan CP (Palatoschizis incomplete). Kombinasi genotip yang mungkin dapat terjadi pada anak dari keluarga 4 yaitu 50 % bergenotip AT (Heterozigot), 50% bergenotip TT (Homozigot/uncommon). Kejadian CB/P tidak hanya melibatkan satu faktor keturunan yang berasal dari satu atau kedua orang tua, tetapi suatu kondisi yang bersamaan. Kelainan CB/P yang terjadi pada anak perempuan, diprediksi risiko kekambuhan pada anak berikutnya jauh lebih tinggi.
Viaje Académico 2020
Authors:   Universidad del Azuay, Carrasco-Vintimilla Isabel , Vanegas-Peña Santiago ,   Universidad del Azuay, Sotomayor-Bustos Cristian ,   Universidad del Azuay, Durán-Hermida Martín ,   Universidad del Azuay
Published: January 2023

Dentro de los temas urbanos, se destaca el recorrido por el eje ambiental que limita con el Triángulo de Fenicia y termina en la Universidad de los Andes. El Triángulo de Fenicia fue una excelente oportunidad para reflexionar con los estudiantes sobre herramientas de uso y gestión del suelo, ya que en ese sector se desarrolla un plan parcial de renovación urbana que conjuga: innovadoras herramientas de gestión del suelo, fuertes procesos de participación ciudadana y grandes inversiones en espacio público, pero, que garantizan la permanencia de los actuales moradores y propietarios. Como parte de la experiencia de visitar Bogotá se procuró utilizar el sistema de transporte público Transmilenio, siempre que los recorridos lo permitían. Esto facilitó que los estudiantes entiendan la importancia de un sistema de transporte público integrado, con carriles exclusivos, para dar accesibilidad a los ciudadanos en una gran metrópoli. Como parte de la metodología de trabajo, cada estudiante preparaba la información sobre una obra que se visitaba para exponer a sus compañeros; luego, se recorría el espacio con una profundización y/o reflexión por parte de las docentes. Finalmente, se dejaba tiempo para la fotografía y, en algunos casos, para la elaboración de bocetos a mano alzada. Bogotá 2020 recalca la importancia y pertinencia de consolidar el conocimiento adquirido en clases, en este tipo de viajes. 84 páginas ISBN 978-9942-847-11-9 e-ISBN 978-9942-847-09-6
Salud y calidad de vida
Authors:   Universidad del Azuay, Hermida-Bustos César
Published: January 2023

La importancia de lo cognitivo, con los progresos revolucionarios de la tecnología electrónica, se ha tornado relativa. Las máquinas resultaron un recurso extraordinario en cuanto a información y datos, en números, en textos, en imágenes, en sonidos y música. Ver y oír todo lo del mundo se tornó accesible. La tecnología, que va desde lo instrumental de los libros para el conocimiento, lo audiovisual, la literatura, la música, provoca sentimientos y emociones. El poder de las máquinas para una serie de operaciones, resulta más allá de fantástico, increíble. Pero no pueden las máquinas reemplazar a las capacidades corporales, pues pensamiento y sentimiento son inseparables, se basan en recuerdos, conocimientos y afectos que se corresponden con las funciones corporales, volviendo complejas las expresiones y capacidades humanas, creativas e innovadoras. Las máquinas no pueden sentir ni crear más allá de lo que se les alimenta y ordena. La imaginación y la fantasía, y todo lo hermanado con la creación, y con la recreación, los sentimientos y emociones, están protegidos. 232 páginas ISBN-978-9942-847-24-9 e-ISBN-978-9942-847-26-3
Consensus NHF-CAFSANI Summit on Food, Drinks and Cardiovascular Health: A Multisectoral Approach to Reducing NCDs in Nigeria.
Authors: Olugbenga Ogunmoyela , Kola Akinroye Kingsley , Blessing Oni , Tola Atinmo , Enitan Ademusan
Published: January 2023

The increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Nigeria, like many other developing countries, has become worrisome. With the pre-existing health burden due to malnutrition, the challenges of low productivity, poverty, reduced economic growth and development are exacerbated. It is also a significant threat to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Nigeria. Several risk factors have been associated with this increased burden, including genetic, environmental, and behavioural. The rise in urbanization and globalization has undoubtedly had a significant influence on consumer food and drink preferences and choices. Many of the risk factors are preventable with changes in diet, lifestyle, alcohol, and drug use, among other measures. However, to prevent the growing occurrence of NCDs in Nigeria, critical and relevant stakeholders must work together with a definite agenda and concerted efforts to combat this challenge. This paper examines the roles of stakeholders, including global and national governments, industry, and consumers, and advocates a holistic and genuine commitment to measures that will fast-track the implementation of various recommendations such as WHO SHAKE and use of Front of Pack Labelling.
Different Extraction Procedures for Multiple Drugs Abuse in Human Hair: Case Study
Authors: Qallaf Mahasen Al
Published: January 2023

In recent years, analysis of hair matrix has gained increasing importance in the determination of substances of abuse in many forensic fields. Hair analysis for drugs abuse can be expand the toxicological examination of conventional materials and thus contribute with additional important information to the complex evaluation of a certain case. Hair is a unique material for the retrospective investigation of chronic drug consumption, intentional or unintentional chronic drug toxicity in criminal cases. When compared with other biological samples, hair provides a large window for drug detection. Drugs get deposited in hair through blood circulation by various mechanisms, after its administration. The drug in hair is much stable and can be detected after a longer period of time as compared with other biological samples, such as urine, blood, and others. The main advantage of analyzing hair is its capacity to provide information over a long period of time before the sample was obtained, and also the fact that it accumulates the main drug and its metabolites. The present study discusses the analysis of drugs abuse in hair sample for the postmortem case, although the technique is common in many countries but it considers as new technique in Kuwait, and the forensic toxicology laboratory is just added this kind of analysis in Lab protocol, since the hair samples give a great and clean results of drugs and narcotics. Also, in this study different extraction procedures used to perform forensic toxicological analysis in hair as well as a sample preparation. The hair results of the postmortem case were supported by additional analysis of biological samples of both urine and blood that gives information of drugs have been taken. Immunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography is an effective means for identifying drugs in various samples analyzed to give full survey in the present study case. As a result, hair analysis become part of forensic laboratory procedures, mostly due to better extraction methods allowing current instrumental analysis to detect lower amounts of certain drugs in hair, especially in the absence of other samples suitable for analysis.
Anticancer and Overcoming Multidrug Resistance Activities of Potential Phytochemicals
Authors: Liu Chi-Ming , Su MengQiao , An LiJie , Shao ZiChen , Wu ZhiLing , Han NingChang , Ma YuHan , Chen Chung-Yi
Published: January 2023

Cancer is a serious healthy issue worldwide and cause death to human. Drug resistance is a key factor for the successful treatment of various types of cancers. Phytochemicals have many pharmacological activities with low side effects. Several phytochemicals have been tested in clinical trials as chemosensitizers or anticancer drugs with low side effects. The molecular mechanism of anticancer and reversing multidrug resistance of phytochemicals by modulating signaling transduction or target gene expression are discussed in this article. In this study, we will review the pharmacological activities of natural compounds from herb with anticancer activities and multidrug resistance modulators including berberine, capsaicin, curcumin, 6-gingerol and piperine.
Hydrocortisone Therapy for Critically Ill Trauma Patients to Decrease Ventilator Use in Pneumonia Patients
Authors: Sabbagh Christian , Sneed Kevin , Pathak Yashwant V
Published: January 2023

Secondary infections such as nosocomial pneumonia are one of the highest causes of mortalities for critically ill trauma patients in a hospital. Prevention practices have been appropriately placed in order to lower infection rates. However, clinical data suggests that little improvement of nosocomial pneumonia infections have occurred because of prevention practices. New groundbreaking research of hydrocortisone therapy for trauma patients has shown to be successful in improving not only patient outcomes, but decreasing time with mechanical ventilation and decrease in total hospital days. Hydrocortisone therapy is effective because critically injured patients suffer from a condition called critical injury-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI). In this condition, the natural proinflammatory response is heavily exaggerated and takes an exacerbated toll on the body of a patient. The natural anti-inflammatory steroids that are normally produced in stress events such as cortisol is severely diminished or nonexistent. Therefore, with the exaggerated inflammatory response, the chances of contracting secondary infections such as nosocomial or ventilator-acquired pneumonia are heightened drastically. Data from clinical research studies have shown that stress dose levels of cortisol therapy for critically injured patients have shown to be efficacious in lowering risks of secondary infection. Furthermore, due to fewer days in the hospital, there is less stress on the limited capacity of an emergency department of a hospital. Moreover, patients are saving $5,000 to $20,000 from avoiding excessive medical expenses that would result from more hospital stays.
Secondary Metabolites of Smilax Nantoensis
Authors: SJ Wang , HC Yeh , SY Ciou , CL Kao , HT Li , WJ Li , SL Liu , CY Chen
Published: January 2023

A new flavonoid, 5,8-dihydroxy-7,3′,4′-trimethoxyflavone (1), along with four flavonoids, 5-hydroxy-7,2′,3′,5′- tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7,3′, 4′-trimethoxyflavone, 5,3′-dihydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone and 5,4- dihydroxy-7,3′-dimethoxyflavone, four benzenoids, vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, methylparaben and caffeic acid, and three steroids, β-sitosterol, β-sitostenone and stigmastenone were isolated from the aerial part of Smilax nantoensis (Liliaceae). The structure of the new flavonoid was elucidated from chemical and physical evidence.
The Italian Paradox and The National Health System (N.H.S.): The Demographic and Territorial Characteristics of the Regions Most Affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cati Matteo Maria
Published: January 2023

The effects of the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, at the origin of the COVID-19 pandemic, on the Italian older population were devastating, giving rise to what seems to be a paradox. The number of victims among the elderly population was higher in the more developed northern regions, where the local health authorities (L.H.A.s) and, in particular, the long-term care (L.T.C.) sector are known to be more efficient with respect to those of the other regions. The focus of this article is twofold: on the one hand, it tries to find a plausible answer to the relevant question ‘why was the number of victims, particularly among the older population, in the northern regions so high in Italy?’ In doing so, it highlights the need for a multiple factor analysis that simultaneously takes different elements into consideration, such as the demographic, territorial and economic characteristics of the areas in Italy most affected by the pandemic, while examining whether the health policies implemented by the Ministry of Health in Italy were the most appropriate. On the other hand, it sheds light on the fact that only a few pieces of information and data on the number of victims in the L.T.C. sector in Italy are available, with few exceptions such as the Northern region Friuli Venezia Giulia, and that more data collection and research is also needed regarding other factors, such as environmental factors, that might have worsened the impact of the pandemic in Italy on the older population.
Two-Component System Transcriptional Regulator PrrA & Transcriptional Regulator KdpE Revealed as Novel Drug Targets in the Pan-Proteome Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CCDC5180
Authors: Gharat Kunal , Jha Vikas , Nikumb Divya , Koli Joshua , Dhamapurkar Vrushali , Parulekar Omkar , Poojari Diksha , Rumani Simeen , Sahu Aparna , Kore Shivani , Khan Farzha
Published: January 2023

Multidrug-resistant bacteria are now widely recognized as a global threat and a substantial public health concern. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is known as a more significant threat to humanity. Multidrug-resistant (MDR)/ Extensively Drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is a prime example of AMR. Furthermore, treating MDR-TB is more challenging since it demands second-line treatments, which have severe side effects. Genomic & proteomic approaches are employed in pharmaceutical research to identify novel drug targets. A subtractive proteomics approach was applied in this study to identify promising therapeutic targets for the MDR strain M. tb CCDC5180. The subtractive proteome approach of the whole proteome of M. tb CCDC5180 showed a list of 14 essential, cytoplasmic, and unique metabolic proteins discovered to be druggable. Among these 14, only eight proteins were involved in the pathogen's virulence. Finally, two proteins, PrrA and KdpE, were identified as potential novel drug targets, and further docking of these proteins with phytochemicals resulted in two promising compounds Cepharanthine and Alianthone against these novel targets.
Rehabilitation Outcomes in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Authors: Lan Ling , Chou Yi-An
Published: January 2023

Aim: To explore the incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and association between SCH and rehabilitation functional outcome. Method: Two-year observational retrospective single-centered study was conducted in a tertiary general rehabilitation center. Results: A total of 653 patients received intensive inpatient rehabilitation treatment. Main outcome measures include Functional Independence Measures (FIM). Length of stay (LOS), FIM gain and FIM efficiency, serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and Free Thyroxine (FT4). The incidence of patients discovered with SCH was 12.4% of the sampled population. All patients with SCH displayed an overall FIM gain of 26.9 (±2.19), compared to patients with normal TSH who had an average FIM gain of 23.8 (±1.85). The overall FIM efficiency was similar in both groups. Conclusion: The incidence of SCH is high in tertiary general rehabilitation setting. All patients with SCH have obtained functional gains following rehabilitation treatment. Those with hyperthyroidism have lower FIM scores but the efficiency and length of stay of rehabilitation being similar in all groups.
A Pandora Box of Case Studies for The Pandoravirus and Other Megaviruses – Long-Term Disease Risk Related to Crematory Ovens / Mash (from e.g., Uranium Retchlags)
Authors: Pirot Florent
Published: January 2023

This article presents arguments on the proliferation of new diseases (the Pandoravirus genum for instance) related to material from human extermination in gas chambers & crematory ovens or uranium mines and nuclear reactors. The birth of extremely large viruses together with some other diseases can be retraced from historic examples. A large “cancer”, the King Crab proliferation, can be also explained altogether with the emergence of the Familial Mediterranean Fever / Armenian Disease. The optical counting of picot rates on crabs, and the optical study of viruses, allows to correlate with the natural origin, with open killing of humans, or with a compressed system, including the levels of plutogenization with either crematory ovens, or reactors with sodium (RBMKs) typically. The level of dangerosity of the viruses is also associated with the level of sadism involved. Is eventually explained why the nascent Monkeypox epidemy can be related with RBMKs in Ukraine and why the Strep A epidemy is also to be related to this article.
Drive for Nanobiotechnology
Authors: SM Afonin
Published: January 2023

The structural model of the drive for nanobiotechnology is obtained. The structural scheme of the drive is constructed. In nanobiotechnology for the control systems with the drive its deformations are determined.
Bleaching reduces reproduction in the giant clam Tridacna gigas
Authors: Sayco SLG , Cabaitan PC , Kurihara H
Published: January 2023

Bleaching or the expulsion of the photosynthetic symbiont Symbiodiniaceae (‘zooxanthellae’) caused by the increase in seawater temperatures causes massive mortalities in giant clams. After a bleaching disturbance, population recovery is heavily dependent on reproduction and recruitment success. However, how bleaching directly affects the reproductive performance of giant clams is, to date, unknown. Here, we examined the direct impacts of bleaching on the reproduction of the giant clam Tridacna gigas between 2020 and 2021 in the Philippines. A continuous 6 mo monitoring of egg concentration, egg stage, egg size, recovery, and survival in prolonged bleached (moderate or severe) and non-bleached hatchery-bred T. gigas maintained in the wild was conducted. The probability of producing eggs and the proportion of intact eggs (developing and mature) were highest in healthy giant clams, followed by moderately bleached giant clams, and lowest in severely bleached giant clams in which >50% individuals had empty gonads. The oocyte mean diameter was similar among giant clams, regardless of degree of bleaching. Only 5 severely bleached giant clams showed partial color recovery, whereas 2 healthy and 12 severely bleached giant clams died. This study shows that apart from the lethal effects of severe bleaching, the reproductive processes of surviving bleached T. gigas such as gametogenesis and egg production can be also negatively affected. Results suggest that the increasing frequency and intensity of bleaching due to thermal stress can lower the reproductive potential of giant clams and likely other zooxanthellate organisms, resulting in reduced recruitment and population decline.
Ten Years of Our Translational Research in the Field of Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: KITTNAR O
Published: January 2023

Extracorporeal life support is a treatment modality that provides prolonged blood circulation, gas exchange and can substitute functions of heart and lungs to provide urgent cardio-respiratory stabilization in patients with severe but potentially reversible cardiopulmonary failure refractory to conventional therapy. Generally, the therapy targets blood pressure, volume status, and end-organs perfusion. As there are significant differences in hemodynamic efficacy among different percutaneous circulatory support systems, it should be carefully considered when selecting the most appropriate circulatory support for specific medical conditions in individual patients. Despite severe metabolic and hemodynamic deterioration during prolonged cardiac arrest, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) can rapidly revert otherwise fatal prognosis, thus carrying a potential for improvement in survival rate, which can be even improved by introduction of mild therapeutic hypothermia. In order to allow a rapid transfer of knowledge to clinical medicine two porcine models were developed for studying efficiency of the VA ECMO in treatments of acute cardiogenic shock and progressive chronic heart failure. These models allowed also an intensive research of adverse events accompanying a clinical use of VA ECMO and their possible compensations. The results indicated that in order to weaken the negative effects of increased afterload on the left ventricular function the optimal VA ECMO flow in cardiogenic shock should be as low as possible to allow adequate tissue perfusion. The left ventricle can be also unloaded by an ECG-synchronized pulsatile flow if using a novel pulsatile ECMO system. Thus, pulsatility of VA ECMO flow may improve coronary perfusion even under conditions of high ECMO blood flows. And last but not least, also the percutaneous balloon atrial septostomy is a very perspective method how to passively decompress overloaded left heart.
Channel Preferences in the High-Value Electronic Device Purchase Decision Process Regarding the Purchase Attitude among Domestic Buyers
Authors: Taralik Krisztina , Molnár Zsolt , Kozák Tamás
Published: January 2023

Customer experience is influenced by the total purchasing decision process starting at the need recognition and ending at the post-purchasing stage. The IT development of the retail industry provides an opportunity and at the same time forces retailers to implement multi-channel strategies and give their consumers the opportunity to use the channels that best suit their needs at a given time for an enhanced shopping experience. The purpose of the study was to examine how Hungarian respondents’ purchasing attitude influences channel usage preference (instore, online big- and small screen) at different stages of customer journey when purchasing high-value electronic devices. For this purpose, the paper first identified homogenous respondent groups based on purchasing attitude factors, then explored the differences in the channel preference patterns at different stages of the purchasing process in customer groups separated by purchasing attitude. The purchasing attitude was measured using Likert scale in 7 priori dimensions including need of physical touch, impulsiveness, innovativeness, price and brand consciousness, convenience, and shopping experience. The research analyses collected data by quantitative online survey of 415 domestic respondents. The examined sample showed web-rooming behavior pattern and the homogeneous groups identified based on the purchasing attitudes of our respondents differed significantly in their channel usage preferences.
Crete and the 1897 War
Authors: McCarthy Justin
Published: January 2023

Supported by Greece, the restive Greek majority in Crete revolted against Ottoman rule. Greek rebels attacked Muslims, driving them to enclaves on the sea shore. The Ottomans reacted, attempting to put down the revolt and protect local Muslims, but were frustrated by the European Powers, who took control of coastal Crete and refused to allow Ottoman military action. When Greece attacked the Ottoman Empire. the Ottomans declared war. Greece was rapidly defeated, but successful British efforts both denied the Ottomans any gains from the war and forced Ottoman evacuation of Crete. Greek Prince George, who had led the incursion of Greek forces into Cyprus, was named governor of Crete.
Ottoman Revolution, Italian War
Authors: McCarthy Justin
Published: January 2023

In 1908, the Ottoman Army revolted against Sultan Abdülhamit, eventually deposing him. The dormant Ottoman constitution was reinstated and democracy declared. However, real power was in the hands of military officers and the Committee of Union and Progress. The Committee was hated and opposed by British representatives in Istanbul. Austria seized Ottoman Bosnia, which it had actually ruled since 1878. Bulgaria united Ottoman Eastern Rumelia with Bulgaria. Both were violations of the Treaty of Berlin, but, again, European treaty commitments to the Ottomans were ignored. Italy invaded Ottoman Libya in 1911. Foreign Secretary Grey and the British government tacitly supported the Italians, refusing both intervention and mediation. The British were in large part responsible for Ottoman defeat. They did not allow Ottoman forces to pass through Egypt, technically Ottoman territory, making it impossible for the Ottomans to defeat the Italian invaders.
The Political Economy of Thomas Hobbes
Authors: Ward Lee
Published: January 2023

This chapter identifies Thomas Hobbes as one of the foundational thinkers of the classical liberal tradition. It illuminates often neglected discussions of economic issues across Hobbes’ political writings, especially the central role that the natural law of equity plays in Hobbes’ account of distributive justice. Included in this chapter is an examination of Hobbes’ position on the standard issues of political economy such as trade, taxation, and fiscal policy as he develops his economic thinking in his masterpiece Leviathan. The chapter concludes that economics is an important but oft-neglected element in Hobbes’ rational project for scientific progress and the promotion of regimes dedicated to individual self-preservation.
Liberalism on Empire and Emancipation
Authors: Ward Lee
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines the difficult, at times painful, history of liberal political economy’s relation to imperialism and the subjection of women. It explores how the ambivalence of seventeenth-century classical liberals like Hobbes and Locke toward colonialism, and the outright opposition to empire among eighteenth-century liberals such as Hume, Smith and Paine, took a turn toward a complicated defence of empire by nineteenth-century liberals such as John Stuart Mill. The chapter also offers a parallel account of how early liberalism’s indifference to, or opposition to, equality for women shifted in later times with Mary Wollstonecraft and John Stuart Mill’s defence of women’s rights (arguably proto-feminism) in the late-eighteenth and mid-nineteenth-centuries.
Centralised and Decentralised: The Authoritarian Upgrading of the Egyptian System of Local Governance
Authors: Awad Hani
Published: January 2023

This chapter is devoted to understanding the way in which authoritarianism was upgraded in the Egyptian system of local governance. It starts by clarifying the shortcomings that could emerge if analysis were restricted merely to addressing the overcentralized structure of local government. Such a weakness could lead to overlooking the structural bifurcation in the system, that allows authoritarianism to substitute informal political decentralization for the formal one. To avoid this angle, the chapter introduces a dual interpretive approach that utilizes a process-tracing method to understand the Egyptian regime’s strategies in decentralizing its system of local governance, most importantly with regards to the role of elections. The decentralization process under Mubarak, however, did not significantly affect the legal structure of authority but rather the regime networks of power, which led to a fundamental change in the role of the regime’s grassroots networks and leadership.
Reaching Out: The Bantu Presbyterian Church in South Africa and the Presbyterian Church of South Africa and Ecumenism, 1923–39
Authors: Duncan Graham A.
Published: January 2023

Ecumenical endeavours involving the PCSA were dogged by issues of mistrust. This was exacerbated by the lack of clarity in the PCSA’s mission policy which was racially based and therefore inimical to the interests of black Presbyterians .
Conclusion: Indigenous Presbyterians and Missionaries – Transferring Contending Roles and Responsibilities
Authors: Duncan Graham A.
Published: January 2023

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
Femme Desire and the Reciprocal Gaze in Céline Sciamma’s Portrait of a Lady on Fire
Authors: Fuery Kelli
Published: January 2023

In The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir famously wrote, ‘One is not born, one becomes, a woman,’ subsequently establishing her pioneering position that woman is not fixed but instead constantly negotiated and disclosed on the basis of power and behaviour. In addition to discussing Beauvoir’s philosophy of becoming, that is the phenomenological and moral aspect to her idea ‘becoming woman,’ this chapter explores the notion of the reciprocal gaze through an analysis of Céline Sciamma’s films as an expression of femme desire, ambiguity and female body movement. This idea of a ‘Sciammian ambiguity’ is identified both in terms of visual aesthetic and narrative structure as a means of acknowledging the body in/as emotional turbulence within lived experience. The chapter also draws on Debra Bergoffen’s notion of ‘erotic generosity’ to trace how Sciamma’s films devise a feminist ethic by foregrounding the importance of the bond between women.
Introduction
Authors: MacQueen Hector L.
Published: January 2023

This chapter discusses the contemporary recognition of a ‘common law’ in Scotland in the thirteenth and later medieval centuries which shows that the more recent historiography arguing for a break in the system’s development has been misguided. The chapter also discusses the debate about the early history of the English common law triggered by S F C Milsom, in order to suggest that the same questions can also be profitably raised about near concurrent Scottish developments. In particular, how far does the creation of Scottish brieves equivalent to the English writs of novel disseisin, mort d’ancestor and right (novel dissasine, mortancestry and right) arise from royal attempts to make private lords respect their duties under a tenurial (or ‘feudal’) framework of landholding? The continuous use of these brieves until 1500 also raises questions about the subsequent development of the Court of Session and its jurisdiction in land matters (or ‘fee and heritage’). It is again suggested that English parallels, notably the rise of conciliar courts and an equity system supplementing the common law, require analysis for full understanding of this topic.
The Brieve of Novel Dissasine
Authors: MacQueen Hector L.
Published: January 2023

This chapter surveys and analyses the evidence for the brieve of novel dissasine in medieval Scots law. The brieve was introduced by statute in 1230 and there are some definite examples and other possible ones before 1300. The brieve dealt with cases of recent dispossession from land and claims were brought by tenants against their lords, although these were not the only cases: some involved ecclesiastical bodies. The procedure was reformed in 1318, the legislation probably reflecting the contemporary problem of the lands of those dispossessed in the wars of independence but who wished to return to the peace of King Robert I. The procedure continued in use into the fifteenth century although no evidence survives post-1450. Until then, a lordship dimension clearly remained significant in the cases. The procedure fell to the exclusive jurisdiction of the justiciar.
The Brieve of Mortancestry
Authors: MacQueen Hector L.
Published: January 2023

The chapter shows that in many ways the story of mortancestry appears to parallel that of novel dissasine discussed in Chapter 5. The earliest case, in 1253, has a lordship dimension; it is likely that the brieve reinforced rules about succession to land that some lords were reluctant to accept. But the contentious mortancestry, in which the pursuer sought from the justiciar restoration to lands claimed as an inheritance but occupied by some other unentitled person, should not be confused with the non-pleadable brieve of inquest by which heirs were identified and served to their inheritances by the sheriff. There is relatively plentiful evidence for the use of mortancestry until about 1500 (with lordship issues often apparent), but in the sixteenth century its disuse led to ever deeper confusion with the brieve of inquest.
The Brieve of Right
Authors: MacQueen Hector L.
Published: January 2023

This chapter argues that the brieve of right has its origin in twelfth-century royal commands ‘to do right’, often addressed to lords in their courts and reflecting the king’s protection of their tenants. The invention of novel dissasine and mortancestry in the thirteenth century narrowed the scope of this procedure to cases that fell outside the other two brieves; which however still left ample room for its application under the pleadable brieve rule into the sixteenth century. But the form of the brieve was reworked in the thirteenth century and it is not absolutely clear that thereafter it could be used by persons other than the king’s tenants-in-chief (who had to sue in the sheriff court, not the justiciar’s) and the inhabitants of royal burghs (which had their own courts). But it would seem that the brieve’s wide reach meant that the Scottish common law did not need any equivalent to the English writs of entry.
Conclusions
Authors: MacQueen Hector L.
Published: January 2023

For most of the medieval period there existed in Scotland a structure of royal legal remedies (brieves) for the recovery of land. The ultimate origin of the system derived from the concepts of the king’s peace and protection. Royal authority was made effective through courts and through the twelfth and thirteenth centuries there was a growing systematisation and regularisation of royal justice. This was not at the expense of lords’ courts but these were clearly subordinate to the king’s. In many respects, however, they were complementary rather than conflicting institutions. At least part of the aim of the system was to ensure that lords complied with established norms in dealing with those who held land of them. The development also owed something to the pressure applied by ecclesiastical jurisdiction. Scottish royal justice (or its common law) was not centralised until the sixteenth century and was built upon local community links. But legal concepts which continue to inform Scots law were clearly first developed in the medieval period. English law was significant for the early development but this legal transplant was matched later by others from the canon law. Legal development was not necessarily the product of social or political change but was nonetheless critical to medieval society.
Conclusion: Marginality at the Intersections
Authors: Weaver Carrie L.
Published: January 2023

This study has shown that social marginalisation was more complex than previously thought. There is little evidence, at least in the burial record, to support the assertion that an individual would be socially marginalised in the ancient Greek world for a single reason, such as non-Greek ethnicity. Instead, social marginalisation was coupled with intersectionality, and only occurred when a person embodied two or more marginalising factors. Furthermore, social marginalisation had deleterious effects on the lives of intersectional individuals that typically manifest as health and dietary disparities. Thus, at a time when we are grappling with the magnitude of the effects of intersectionality on living persons, it is clear that intersectional individuals in the ancient Greek world were relegated to the margins of society in death as well as in life.
Clear as Mud, by Way of Introduction
Authors: Posman Sarah
Published: January 2023

This chapter explains the concept of vitalism and introduces a Deleuze-inspired vitalist tradition, that surpasses the work of Hans Driesch and Henri Bergson, whose work is typically labelled, as well as critiqued, as vitalist. The chapter maps the origins of the modern concept of life via Foucault and unfolds how Wilhelm Dilthey, Henri Bergson, Walter Benjamin, A.N. Whitehead and William James have, each in their own way, made life into a concept that is pivotal in their work. By looking at these thinkers as modernist intellectuals, the chapter also reconfigures the way in which the discipline of modernist and avant-garde studies has considered the concept of life. What emerges is a modernist and avant-garde way of contemplating the world that only in the past half century has entered the mainstream of intellectual work, via Isabelle Stengers and Bruno Latour.
Complete Understanding
Authors: Posman Sarah
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on Stein’s early texts, both the collection Three Livesand the family history The Making of Americans. It argues that those texts are hermeneutical projects, centred on grasping the process of understanding self and others. In the story “Melanctha,” the chapter argues, Stein complicates the processes of psychological and grammatical understanding that constitute the hermeneutical act by infusing her writing with the rhythms of life-in-the-making. In The Making of Americansshe takes her experiment even further and by and large lets go of narrative convention. Via Josiah Royce and Otto Weininger, with whose work Stein was familiar, the chapter reconfigures our understanding of The Making of Americansand shows it to be not only a Jamesian exercise in descriptive psychology but also a hermeneutical experiment, in which thinking, interpreting and writing constitute vitalist acts.
Female Authority in the Times of the Shi‘i Imams
Authors: Takim Liyakat
Published: January 2023

In the classical period of Islam, juridical manuals were composed in the male-dominated centers that excluded female voices in Islamic legal discourse. Consequently, women’s issues have depended on ‘representational discourse’ conducted by male jurists who interpreted and articulated the rulings related to women. This chapter examines female jurists and juristic thinkers who appear in the Mu’jam al-Rijal of grand ayatollah al-Khu’i (1899-1992), a leading figure in 20th century Shiʿism. While his 24-volume work of Rijal (evaluating the reliability of the narrators of hadith) is devoted primarily to Shiʿi transmitters of the Imams’ hadith, the last volume is devoted to female figures in Shiʿi history. These include female transmitters of hadith from the Imams, jurists, and religious figures. Who were these women, what role did they play in the Imams’ lives? How do they appear in the biographical literature? It is argued that these women played a broader role apart from transmitting religious knowledge. Some women are described as jurists in their own right and some even issued fatawa. Others are portrayed as influential religious scholars.