bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal Trend and Estimation of the Hydrological Risk of Maximum Rainfall and Flow Extremes in the City of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Valente de , Serrano Rodrigo Otávio Peréa , Mesquita Anderson Azevedo , Moreira José Genivaldo do Vale
Published: January 2022

Abstract Extreme hydrological events have gained notoriety in recent decades, thus recommended elements of decision-making assistance are important. In this context, this study focused on analyzing the temporal behavior of the maximum rainfall and waterflow recorded in the city of Rio Branco, Acre (Brazil), in addition to analyzing their frequencies, highlighting the reference quantiles and their reported probabilities of recurrence. The results pointed to a linearly upward trend, both for flow and rainfall, but these differences were not statistically significant according to the Mann-Kendall and Spearman Rho tests (α = 5%), leading to the conclusion for the occurrence of changes in hydrological patterns in Rio Branco, although statistically non-significant. However, it is warned to the precocity of attributing the main cause of such changes to either anthropic or natural actions. Regarding frequency analysis, it was found that Gumbel distribution is proper to the adjustment of the studied data, thus, it is possible to determine the lifetime associated with hydrological risk and the useful lifespan of a project aiming at planning actions in the face of the impacts of extreme events, especially in a scenario of severe floods.
Avaliação da Energética Prevista nos Modelos Regionais BRAMS, ETA e WRF: Parte I - Inverno
Authors: Gan Manoel A. , Ferreira Sérgio H.S. , Piva Everson D. , Rozante José R. , Garcia José R.M. , Fernandes Alex A. , Neves André L.O. , Silva Vinícios M.
Published: January 2022

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os termos da equação da tendência da energia cinética do distúrbio (K’) nas previsões de 24 h e 48 h dos modelos regionais BRAMS, WRF e ETA. Estes modelos foram integrados operacionalmente no Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos (CPTEC). O período de avaliação foi de 1 de junho a 31 de agosto de 2016, sendo que o domínio utilizado foi a região da América do Sul. A resolução horizontal dos modelos é de 5 km e a temporal é de 6 horas. As condições iniciais e de contorno foram obtidas do Global Forecast System (GFS) do National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), com resolução horizontal de 0,25°. Os modelos foram inicializados apenas com a análise das 1200 UTC. Os modelos foram integrados com a versão não-hidrostática, sendo que o WRF utilizou a parametrização cumulus de Kain-Frisch, o ETA a parametrização culumus de Betts-Miller e o BRAMS Grell e Freitas. Em geral, os três modelos subestimam K’ nas latitudes médias, principalmente sobre os oceanos, porém o ETA é o que menos subestima e o WRF o que tem o maior viés negativo. Com relação aos termos de conversão baroclínica e barotrópica, além do termo de convergência do fluxo ageostrófico, os três modelos apresentam um padrão semelhante aos das análises numéricas do GFS.
Phytorremediation of urban and fish farming wastewater and growth performance responses of Litopenaeus vannamei using microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Lopes Dilliani Naiane Mascena , Silva Ana Claudia Teixeira , Oliveira Illana Beatriz Rocha de , Santos Susana Felix Moura dos , Fernandes Fabiano André Narciso , Silva José William Alves da
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Phytoremediation, as the implementation of microalgae in the treatment of effluents, is used to remove nitrogen compounds and phosphorus that can cause eutrophication in receiving water bodies. The present study evaluated the phytoremediation of urban and fish farming wastewater and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei using microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Microalgae were cultivated stationary with three treatments: T1 sewage treatment station effluent (STS), T2 fish farming effluent (FF) and T3 with standard medium (SM) Guillard f/2), conducted in quintuplicate for each culture medium, using a 20 L carboy for eight days. 5.0 L inoculum (25%) plus 15 L culture medium, T1 STS, T2 FF and T3 SM (75% of each) were used to start the experiment. The shrimp experiment was realized with three treatments in quintuplicates, completely randomized design, during 15 days. The animals were maintained in tanks of 100 L under constantly aerated, resulting in a concentration above 5.0 mg L− 1 of dissolved oxygen, in a density of 70 animals m-3, fed four times per day (8:00, 11:00, 14:00 and 16:00 h) offering to T1 commercial feed (C-Feed) with 35% crude protein, T2 and T3 with commercial feed plus addition of 5.0% dry biomass of C. vulgaris. The best result for algal perfomance, lipid biomass and nutrient removal was with Fish farm wastewater. The additive with the highest performance was FF-Feed. C. vulgaris has a high potential for removing nutrients from wastewater, producing biomass and lipids, in addition to increasing shrimp productivity.
O que resta de marketing para o Chief Marketing Officer?
Authors: GIRÃO MEL , FERNANDES ERIK
Published: January 2022

Resumo O Chief Marketing Officer (CMO),1 ou principal executivo de marketing, tem uma função estratégica nas empresas e está no centro das transformações digitais e de mudanças nos padrões de consumo com as quais lidamos hoje. No entanto, seu turnover é o mais alto entre os executivos da C-suite. Este trabalho procura identificar os aspectos que influenciam esse alto turnover. Para atender ao objetivo da pesquisa, utilizou-se o método da revisão sistemática da literatura. Os resultados mostram que o perfil, a formação e o papel dos CMOs nas empresas, bem como seu relacionamento sobretudo com o CEO, estão no cerne desta questão. O CMO, diante dos desafios da era digital, deve se reinventar, incluindo em sua formação elementos mais qualitativos e analíticos, incorporando novos métodos e ferramentas de análise do comportamento do cliente e do mercado nesse ambiente digital. Além disso, deve preservar e reforçar sua função de representante do cliente na organização por meio de um trabalho articulado de engajamento e coordenação de outros C-executives, muitos deles em funções novas e adjacentes à sua, de modo a dar suporte às decisões estratégicas do CEO e ajudar a empresa a alavancar seu desempenho. De forma ampla, este artigo pretende colaborar para a atualização de acadêmicos e profissionais de marketing em relação às mudanças que têm ocorrido na atuação dos CMOs, ajudando-os a moldar seu escopo no futuro.
Information and communication technology in the Brazilian banking industry: does functionality matter?
Authors: Rezende Luiz Paulo Fontes de , SILVA FERNANDA FARIA , CROCCO MARCO
Published: January 2022

Abstract A banking system is functional when it expands the potential to provide more liquidity to the economy, especially for development finance. The advances of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can contribute to increasing banks’ potential to offer more products and services, expanding their capacity to be more functional. Diversifying financial instruments can encourage them to operate with more profitable operations in the short term to the detriment of the supply of credit in the long term, decreasing their ability to be more functional. This article aims to analyze the relationship between ICT and the functionality of Brazilian banks between 1995 and 2016. We created an index of functionality. The Panel Data estimation verified an ambiguous impact of ICT on banks’ functionality. The use of electronic devices and services for software-driven data processing and transmission has had a positive effect on this index. However, the influence of ICT on functionality was to enhance the negative effects of financial innovations on the supply of credit by banks because of the agents” incentives to invest in short-term and more liquid assets, vis à vis of financing long-term investments, harming the capacity for financing Brazilian development.
AS RELAÇÕES DE GÊNERO NO CONTEXTO SOCIOECONÔMICO E CULTURAL BRASILEIRO: ESTUDO COM MULHERES MOTORISTAS DE APLICATIVOS DE MOBILIDADE URBANA
Authors: COLODETTI ANA PAULA DE OLIVEIRA AMARAL , MELO MARLENE CATARINA DE OLIVEIRA LOPES
Published: January 2022

Resumo Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar como as relações de gênero e o contexto socioeconômico e cultural brasileiro são percebidos por mulheres motoristas de aplicativos de mobilidade urbana em sua atuação profissional e no ambiente de trabalho. A metodologia adotada para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa foi uma abordagem qualitativa-descritiva e interpretativa, tendo sido entrevistadas 11 mulheres atuantes como motoristas de aplicativos de transporte na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Os dados obtidos a partir das entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado foram analisados considerando a concepção de gênero de Scott (1995), os pressupostos teóricos de dominação masculina e de violência simbólica de Bourdieu (2002) e a percepção da mulher como sujeito de transformação do campo social e cultural de Touraine (2007). Ao final do estudo, constatou-se um movimento incipiente de aceitação social e cultural percebido pelas entrevistadas em sua atuação como motoristas, impulsionado principalmente por um cenário de crise econômica e de desemprego, mas também como consequência do empoderamento da mulher que, não se reconhecendo vítima de uma estrutura patriarcal opressora, persistente e dominante, se percebe sujeito transformador de sua própria realidade.
Fourier revisitado: um modelo simplificado para o efeito estufa
Authors: Fumiã Herman Fialho , da Silva Saulo Luis Lima
Published: January 2022

Um dos assuntos mais discutidos no mundo atualmente são os efeitos das mudanças climáticas. Acredita-se que este será o tema de maior relevância no século XXI. No entanto, devido às complexidades inerentes aos sistemas climáticos, os modelos teóricos para se estudar tais fenômenos são muito complexos e exigem formação sólida e aprofundada na área. Neste trabalho, apresentamos um modelo simples e didático que, embora limitado, é capaz de mostrar como a atmosfera influi na regulação do clima no planeta. O modelo permite também vislumbrar a forma como os gases do efeito estufa alteram a transmissão da radiação no espectro do infravermelho através da atmosfera. Devido a seu forte apelo didático, interdisciplinar e atual, acreditamos que o trabalho possa ser muito interessante tanto para estudos em disciplinas de graduação quanto para aqueles que desejam se lançar nos estudos ligados a fenômenos atmosféricos e climáticos.
METÁFORA E SIGNIFICAÇÃO: A CONSTRUÇÃO DE SENTIDOS EM ANÁLISE
Authors: Imanishi Helena Amstalden
Published: January 2022

RESUMO: Neste artigo, discriminamos dois tipos de intervenções no contexto analítico: as metafóricas comparativas, cuja referência para produção de sentido é o significado; e as metafóricas criativas, produção de sentido via significante. Como base para tais desenvolvimentos, temos a figura da metáfora e suas teorias no campo da linguística e da retórica, acrescidas da teoria psicanalítica da metáfora desenvolvida por Lacan. Concluímos que as alternativas de intervenção aqui elaboradas, embora não esgotem outras formas, podem contribuir com o desenvolvimento para uma teoria da técnica psicanalítica.
Do conceito de personalidade na tese de doutorado de Jacques Lacan
Authors: Negreiros Dario de
Published: January 2022

RESUMO: O conceito de personalidade, central na tese de doutorado de Jacques Lacan, intitulada Da psicose paranóica em suas relações com a personalidade, parece figurar nesta obra, contudo, sem a devida clareza que sua nuclearidade exige. A complexa arquitetura deste conceito inclui sua subdivisão em três definições que, por suas vezes, aparecem em três diferentes níveis de manifestação. Neste trabalho, demonstraremos que é somente por meio de uma análise sistemática desta tríade tripla que o conceito de personalidade na Tese lacaniana pode ser plenamente elucidado.
Winnicott and Ricoeur: dialogues between concern for the other and ethical intentionality
Authors: BAREIRO JULIETA
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT: In this work, we intend to make an articulation between the notion of “concern for the other” and “ethical intent” in P. Ricoeur with those of the development of subjectivity in Winnicott and its relationship with the environment. Through this crossing it can be established that both the maturation processes and the analyst’s place find their foundation in P. Ricoeur’s theory, not only metapsychological, but also ethical.
Análise espacial da mortalidade fetal por sífilis congênita no Município do Recife-PE-Brasil entre 2007 e 2016
Authors: Ramos Roberta de Souza Pereira da Silva , Carneiro Gledsângela Ribeiro , Oliveira André Luiz Sá de , Cunha Tarcisio Neves da , Ramos Vânia Pinheiro
Published: January 2022

Resumo Objetivo analisar a distribuição espacial da mortalidade fetal por sífilis congênita entre os bairros do Município do Recife-PE. Método estudo ecológico, realizado a partir do indicador epidemiológico taxa de mortalidade fetal por sífilis congênita, agregado ao nível dos bairros, em dois quinquênios: 2007 a 2011 e 2012 a 2016. O padrão de autocorrelação espacial foi determinado pelos Índices de Moran Global e Local, com significância estatística inferior a 5% e representado em mapas BoxMap e MoranMap que apontaram as áreas com taxas altas, baixas e em transição epidemiológica e os clusters de maior interesse epidemiológico. Resultados foram notificados 208 óbitos fetais. O Índice Global de Moran evidenciou autocorrelação espacial positiva em grau razoável, no primeiro quinquênio (I = 0,351 e p-valor = 0,01) e, em grau fraco, no segundo quinquênio (I = 0,189 e p-valor = 0,02). Os Distritos Sanitários I e VII obtiveram os maiores percentuais de bairros que formaram o cluster de altas taxas do indicador com 63,3% e 38,4% no primeiro e segundo quinquênios, respectivamente. Conclusões e implicações para a Prática a análise espacial apontou as áreas críticas para ocorrência do indicador, podendo contribuir para o investimento nas áreas prioritárias de prevenção da transmissão vertical da sífilis.
Fatores de risco cardiovascular, saberes e práticas de cuidado de mulheres: possibilidade para rever hábitos
Authors: Oliveira Gabriela , Schimith Maria Denise , Silva Laís Mara Caetano da , Cezar-Vaz Marta Regina , Cabral Fernanda Beheregaray , Silveira Vanessa do Nascimento , Jerke Luiza Camila
Published: January 2022

Resumo Objetivo investigar fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e compreender as práticas de cuidado de mulheres. Método paralelo convergente misto. A etapa quantitativa foi transversal descritiva com formulário abordando características demográficas, socioeconômicas, fatores de risco cardiovascular, hábitos de vida e saúde, participaram 289 mulheres e aplicou-se estatística descritiva. A etapa qualitativa foi fundamentada na pesquisa participativa, exploratória descritiva, mediante entrevista semiestruturada, técnica de criatividade e sensibilidade e narrativas, com 30 mulheres. Resultados identificaram-se fatores como sedentarismo (60,9%), uso do anticoncepcional (57,9%), estresse (60,6%), depressão (40,1%), obesidade (38,8%), hipertensão arterial (33,6%), consumo de bebida alcoólica (29,8%), cigarro (16,6%), dislipidemia (25,6%) e diabetes (10,0%). Quanto aos saberes e práticas de cuidado, as participantes mencionaram os fatores, porém algumas relataram realizar os cuidados, e outras não, mesmo reconhecendo os riscos. Assim, compartilharam a falta de tempo para realizar exercícios físicos, dificuldades para cuidar da alimentação e aderir ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo e, ainda, relataram sentirem-se estressadas. Conclusão e implicações para a prática identificaram-se fatores modificáveis e as mulheres possuíam conhecimento acerca destes, entretanto divergiam sobre os cuidados, demonstrando a importância de ações voltadas a essa população.
On the mechanical behaviour of cement paste reinforced with natural sisal fibres
Authors: Guizzardi Gabriel Zat , da Silva Machado Marinara , Michelon William , Filipak Vanin Daniel Vicente
Published: January 2022

As the construction industry is always in search of stronger and more sustainable materials, the use of natural fibres as reinforcement has been considered for both enhancing mechanical properties and decreasing carbon dioxide footprints. Sisal fibres (Agave sisalana) have a tensile strength up to 880 MPa, with cellulose as the main constituent. The addition of sisal fibres of varying lengths and concentrations was explored as reinforcement in cement paste. A composite mechanics approach was applied to estimate the minimum volume fraction and fibre critical length, which was further characterised by water uptake, flexural modulus of rupture (MOR) and compressive strength. It was found that 1.0% (vol.%) of 20 mm long fibres could increase the MOR by up to 150.71% with a decrease of almost 25% in compressive strength. In contrast, 1.0% (vol.%) of 5 mm long fibres produced a 103.42% increase in the MOR while reducing the compressive strength by only 9.67%. Therefore, it was concluded that lower fibre concentrations are more beneficial concerning mechanical performance. Ultimately, some sort of fibre treatment is suggested to avoid water absorption, which can affect the overall workability of fresh cement paste and long-term durability aspects such as alkaline hydrolysis and mineralisation.
Animales silvestres y derecho procesal constitucional
Authors: Monsalve Mantilla Milton Dubán
Published: January 2022

Introducción: en Colombia el derecho procesal constitucional y las acciones contempladas en la Constitución Política, especialmente el habeas corpus, la acción popular y la acción de tutela, tienen una marcada destinación antropocéntrica, lo cual hace inoperante su utilización en favor de las demás especies animales.

Metodología: a través de un análisis documental descriptivo, se indaga por la naturaleza del derecho procesal constitucional y su incidencia en la protección de animales silvestres en Colombia, revisando jurisprudencia y acudiendo al análisis de fuentes.

Hallazgos: si bien se ha avanzado en leyes que impactan la protección animal, la protección y conservación de especies animales, vía jurisdiccional, será nugatoria mientras no se creen nuevas acciones destinadas exclusivamente en favor de los animales no humanos (reconocer una nueva especialidad como el derecho animal), o mientras se premie el interés general del animal sobre el formalismo propio del derecho procesal constitucional.

Conclusiones: la Corte Constitucional, en Sentencia de Unificación 016 de enero de 2020, determinó que el habeas corpus solo es procedente para la protección del derecho fundamental a la libertad de las personas y no es posible su utilización en el caso de los animales no humanos. La protección y conservación de los animales constituye un derecho colectivo de conformidad con los artículos 8, 79, 80, 88, 95-8 de la Constitución Política para lo cual procede acción popular. No obstante, la dependencia del “derecho animal” de otras especialidades del derecho, en el caso preciso del derecho “procesal constitucional”, ha ocasionado obstáculos en la protección real y efectiva de las especies animales silvestres en Colombia.
Derecho laboral andino
Authors: Vilar Rubiano Fabián Enrique
Published: January 2022

El Sistema Andino de Integración (SAI) está compuesto por más de diez organismos distribuidos en diferentes países que desarrollan temáticas variadas. En cada una de dichas organizaciones, se ponen en práctica las misiones en pro de la integración. De esta forma, se desarrollan relaciones de trabajo sui generis que, por su dificultad de ejecución, tienen alta opción de terminar en controversias, las cuales deben ser resueltas de manera adecuada para que no afecten la misión de la entidad y la coordinación entre el sistema en general. El presente artículo abordará de manera preliminar la relación entre el derecho laboral internacional y el derecho laboral interno en el marco del sai para profundizar a través de controversias el análisis de su relación con los principios comunes en el ámbito de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT).
Development of a new cored wire based on silica manganese gas-cleaning dust
Authors: Kozyrev N. A. , Kryukov R. E. , Usol’tsev A. A. , Kibko N. V. , Bashchenko L. P.
Published: January 2022

The paper describes the possibility of using cored wire for wear­resistant hardfacing containing waste (dust of gas­cleaners) from the production of silica manganese and aluminum. Hardfacing was carried out using a submerged welding tractor made of silica manganese slag produced by the West Siberian Electrometallurgical Plant. The wear rate on the samples was determined on 2070 CMT­1 machine. The method for it is based on change in the sample mass during the disc – pad test. Chemical composition of the deposited metal was determined by X­ray fluorescence method on XRF­1800 spectrometer and by the atomic emission method on DFS­71 spectrometer. The hardness of the deposited layers was measured using METH­DO hardness tester. Evaluation of the quantity of nonmetallic inclusions was made according to GOST 1778 – 70 using an OLYMPUS GX­51 optical microscope. The coefficient of manganese recovery was found at different ratios of components. This coefficient is associated with the reduction of manganese oxide from manganese­containing flux (due to the carbon contained in the cored wire). With a significant excess of carbon in the cored wire from manganese­containing flux, recovery of manganese exceeds 100 %. The process of manganese recovery was determined by filling coefficient of the cored wire, amount of the carbon­containing material in the charge, and carbon content in the electric­arc coating itself. The deposited metal contains non­deformable silicates and point oxides. Contamination by oxide nonmetallic inclusions of the deposited metal is small. The presence of these non­metallic inclusions does not significantly affect the operational characteristics of the deposited layer.
Physical nature of rail surface hardening during long-term operation
Authors: Yur’ev A. A. , Kormyshev V. E. , Gromov V. E. , Ivanov Yu. F. , Shlyarova Yu. A.
Published: January 2022

A comparative quantitative analysis of the physical mechanisms of hardening of rails surface layers after extremely long­term operation has been performed. The method is based on previously established patterns of formation of structural-phase states and mechanical properties of differentially hardened long­length rails produced by JSC “EVRAZ ZSMK” at a depth of up to 10 mm in the cutting of rails along the central axis and cutting out after the missed tonnage of 1411 million tons. The calculations took into account the volume fractions and characteristics of a particular type of substructure. Increase in microhardness and hardness of the surface layers of the rails subjected to ultra­long operation on the experimental ring of the Russian Railways is multifactorial and is determined by superposition of a number of physical mechanisms. The contributions are estimated due to friction of the matrix lattice, internal phase boundaries, dislocation substructure, presence of carbide particles, internal stress fields, solid hardening, and pearlitic component of the steel structure. Regardless of the analysis direction (along the central axis of the head or along the axis of symmetry of the chip), strength of the rails metal depends on the distance to the surface: it increases as it approaches the top of the head. The most significant physical mechanisms have been established, which provide high strength properties of the metal of the rail head subjected to extremely long­term operation. In the subsurface layer (located at a depth of 2 – 10 mm) of the rail head, the most significant physical mechanisms are dislocation mechanism, due to the interaction of moving dislocations with stationary dislocations (dislocations of the “forest”); in the surface layer of the rail head, substructural mechanism, due to the interaction of dislocations with small­angle boundaries of fragments and subgrains of a nanometer–sized polygon. A comparison with the quantitative values of the rail hardening mechanisms after the missed tonnage of 691.8 million tons was carried out. It is shown that an increase in the missed tonnage in the range of 691.8 – 1411 million tons leads to a significant (1.5 – 2.0 times) increase in strength.
Mathematical model for determining the number of stop blocks on the roll of a single-roll crushing machine
Authors: Nikitin A. G. , Epifantsev Yu. A. , Medvedeva K. S.
Published: January 2022

The well­known energy­efficient method of crushing in a single­roll crushing machine with smooth rolls, in which a complex stress state is created in the destroyed piece, has a significant disadvantage – low productivity due to a limited degree of crushing. In order to increase productivity, single­roll crushing machines are equipped with stop blocks on the roll, which ensure the forced supply of the destroyed material to the crushing zone. The maximum possible number of stop blocks should be installed on the roll, and the condition of guaranteed feeding of the piece into the fracture zone must be met. The developed mathematical model allows one to calculate the maximum possible number of stop blocks, which ensures guaranteed nipping of the original piece into the destruction zone.
Göstergebilim Yaklaşımı Kapsamında Turizm Mitleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: AŞAN Kübra
Published: January 2022

Mitler, ilkel dönemlerde olduğu gibi modern ve geç modern dönemde de olguların anlamlandırılması veya normalleştirilmesi için başvurulan bir dil biçimi olmuştur. Turizmle ilgili süreçlerin anlamlandırılmasında da mitler, epistemolojik bir perspektif ve yeni tartışma alanları açma potansiyeli taşır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada turizm mitleri üzerine genel bir kavramsal çerçeve sunmak amacıyla alanyazın taraması yapılmıştır. Lévi-Strauss’un derin yapısal karşıtlıklar temelinde mit çözümleme yaklaşımı takip edilerek turizmde göstergebilim çalışmaları kapsamında bir derleme çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları turizm mitlerinin, eleştirel ve işlevsel bağlamlarda kavramsallaştırabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Eleştirel bağlamda turizm mitlerinde neoliberalizm, postkolonyalizm ve neokolonyalizm ideolojileri öne çıkmaktadır. İşlevsel bağlamda ise turistik deneyim ve destinasyonların tutundurulmasında bir pazarlama dili olarak mitlere başvurulduğu görülmektedir. Çalışma sonuçlarının turizm mitlerinin kavramsallaştırılması ve turizm araştırmalarında gösterge ve mitlerin çözümlenmesi konularında alanyazına katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.
Overuse: medical novelty or age-old phenomenon?
Authors: Lopes João Ricardo Pinto , Filho João Souza , Gomes Carlos Danilo Crusoé , Correia Luis Cláudio Lemos
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION: Mentions of overuse tend to imply it is a recent phenomenon as if irrationality was brought about by technological advances and the development of new procedures. However, it is possible that physicians have been prone to the same cognitive biases since antiquity, also performing inappropriate and excessive procedures. This raises the question of whether the contemporary issue of overuse is a modern phenomenon or inherited from a multi-millennial medical tradition. OBJECTIVE: To infer an answer to this question by summarizing the medical literature about overuse throughout the history of medicine. METHODS: Medical overuse is defined as futile, low-value procedures characterized by excessive use of methods with a high probability of causing more harm than good to patients. It examines the history of medical literature, with a critical look at procedures that might be characterized as harmful, futile, or with excessive use of diagnostic and therapeutic methods. RESULTS: This analysis revealed evidence that such procedures have been taking place throughout many periods of history. Studies have shown that the current prevalence of inappropriate medical procedures can be as high as 29% in the United States and 80% of cases for some individual services around the world. Lack of reliable data thwarts accurate analysis of the prevalence of overuse before the last decade. CONCLUSIONS: Instead of a recent phenomenon, overuse has permeated medical practice from its beginnings until today, regardless of technological advances, and is possibly inherent to the human species.
Оплата труда в дошкольном образовании: новые вызовы в условиях пандемии
Authors: Абанкина Ирина , Филатова Людмила , Кравченко Иван
Published: January 2022

Одним из основных направлений государственной социальной политики является повышение заработной платы педагогических работников в сфере дошкольного образования с учетом показателей эффективности и качества услуг. В рамках исследования анализируются ключевые показатели деятельности педагогических работников и их профессиональные достижения при начислении стимулирующих выплат, наличие и размер которых определяются результативностью их работы. Оцениваются риски низкой покупательной способности заработной платы педагогических работников при увеличении нагрузок и интенсификации их труда.
Keson yanaşma yapılarının dinamik davranışı
Authors: CİHAN Hülya Karakuş , CİHAN Kubilay
Published: January 2022

Keson tip yanaşma yapılarının stabiliteleri (dayanımları) yer değiştirmeler göz önüne alınarak iki farklı durum için incelenmiştir: Birinci durumda, farklı frekanslara sahip döngüsel yükleme keson tip yanaşma yapısına uygulanmış ve yapı üzerindeki yatay deplasmanlar (hasar) ölçülmüştür sonrasında döngüsel yükleme sonucunda oluşan hasar görmüş kesit her deneyden sonra onarılarak deneyler benzer şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir;ikinci durumda, birinci durum için kullanılan döngüsel yükleme yapıya peş peşe ve yapı onarılmadan uygulanmış ve yapı üzerindeki yer değiştirmeler ölçülmüştür. Her iki durum için yapılan deneyler tamamlandıktan sonra, ölçülen yer değiştirmeler karşılaştırılmıştır. Deney sonuçlarına göre aynı döngüsel yükleme için ikinci durumdaki yer değiştirmelerin birinci durumda ki yer değiştirmelerden daha az olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, birinci durum için beton ve anroşman arasındaki anlık dinamik sürtünme katsayısı deney sonuçları kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Anlık dinamik sürtünme katsayısı ile statik sürtünme katsayısı arasındaki oranın 1 değeri etrafında salındığı görülmüştür. Rölatif ivme değerlerinin iki kere integrasyonu ile hesaplanan yer değiştirmeler ve deneyler sırasında ölçülen yer değiştirmeler arasında iyi bir uyum bulunmaktadır.
Optimization of oxidative improver’s formulation for the wheat flours with different extraction rates
Authors: Mahsa Shafiesoltania , Mania Salehifara , Saeed Baeghbalia
Published: January 2022

In this study, the effect of oxidative improvers such as glucose oxidase (10-30 mg/kg) and ascorbic acid (50–150 mg/kg) were compared on the rheological properties of two sets of flours with different extraction rates (75% and 82%). The optimized formulation via the response surface method revealed that the oxidative improvers have a different reaction in different types of flours. In flours with a 75% extraction rate, glucose oxidase played the main role, while in the flours with an 82% extraction rate, ascorbic acid was more effective. Also, this study showed that the effects of both improvers are dose-dependent, for the 75% extraction rate of flour, the optimal dose of glucose oxidase is 23 mg/kg, and for the 82% extraction rate of flour, the optimal dosage is 90 mg/kg of ascorbic acid. Finally, the effect of the optimal formulation was investigated on the bread properties and the results were compared with the control sample.
Analysis of the mechanism underlying the effects of cyclophosphamide against triple-negative breast cancer by an integrative bioinformatics approach
Authors: Maojing Wang , Wenwen Li , Ding Li , Zhiwu Han
Published: January 2022

Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), a highly heterogeneous and invasive subtype of breast cancer, do not benefit from hormonal therapy or trastuzumab; therefore, chemotherapy is considered the only option. We explored the effect of the chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan; Cy) on TNBC by an integrated bioinformatics approach. Methods: Pharm Mapper, Gene Cards, and Swiss Target Prediction were used to identify potential targets of Cy. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TNBC were screened out from four GEO datasets. Common genes were further evaluated by a protein-protein interaction network analysis, core gene identification, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, docking assays, and survival and immune cell infiltration analyses. Results: We collected information on 1638 drug targets and 494 DEGs in TNBC, including 267 up-regulated and 227 down-regulated genes. In total, 68 overlapping genes were identified as common targets. Ten core genes were identified in network analysis; GO and KEGG analyses revealed enrichment for DNA damage and many signaling pathways. Four core gene targets were verified by molecular docking. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that two core genes were significantly related to an adverse overall survival; furthermore, immune infiltration analysis suggested that Cy affects the microenvironment. Conclusions: Our integrative bioinformatics approach revealed that the anti-TNBC effect of Cy was mediated by DNA damage-related genes and many pathways. These findings provide a basis for further functional studies aimed at improving outcomes in TNBC.
Orman köylerinde arıcılık sorunları ve çözüm önerileri (Trabzon Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü örneği)
Authors: KÜÇÜK Ayşe , SAYLAM Arife , AL Akın , ŞAHİNOĞLU Orhan Yasin
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışma da; Trabzon Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü sorumluluk alanında yer alan Trabzon, Rize, Gümüşhane ve Bayburt illerindeki orman köylerinde, ORKÖY kredisi ile desteklenen ve desteklenmeyen 523 işletmede arı ve arı ürünleri üretimi süreci incelenmiş olup, yüzyüze anket yöntemiyle karşılaştıkları sorunlar belirlenmiştir. Arıcıların cinsiyeti, yaşı, eğitimi, ikameti, geçim kaynakları, sosyal güvence durumları, aylık ve yıllık gelirlerinin yanı sıra sabit ve gezginci olma durumları incelenmiştir. Üretim sürecinde, donanım eksiklikleri, ana arı problemleri, arı hastalıkları, kışlatma kayıpları, arı konaklama yeri problemleri, yaban hayvanlarından ve tarım ilaçlarından zarar görme durumları, pazarlama problemleri ve eğitim talepleri belirlenmiş olup arıcıların sorunlarına çözüm önerileri getirilmiştir. Ayrıca elde edilen veriler ile ORKÖY fenni arıcılık kredilerine düzenlenme getirilebilir.
BUIDING PERSIAN SPEAKING SKILLS IN DIALOGUE IN STUDENTS MAJORING IN INTERPRETING FOR THE SPHERE OF SAFEGUARDING NATIONAL SECURITY: LINGUAL AND EXTRALINGUAL PRINCIPLES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Shovkovy Vyacheslav , Ilchuk Tetiana ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: January 2022

Background: Training of future interpreters in the sphere of safeguarding state security envisages building speaking competence in dialogue. This competence is considered in the context of lingual and socio-cultural paradigm of language education, which involves determining linguistic and extralinguistic principles of dialogical speech in the sphere of Persian business communication. Building of Persian business communication skills is targeted at students’ gaining extra lingual knowledge of safeguarding of state security sphere, language tools that name concepts, phenomena, processes of this field, strategies and tactics of communication, language tools for their implementation, nonverbal communication tools, and elements of nonverbal behavior relevant to native speakers. Purpose: The purpose of the research is to characterize the linguistic and extra lingual principles of building Persian speaking skills in dialogue in future interpreters in the sphere of safeguarding state security. Results and Discussion: The study has revealed that in the professional communication of the indicated specialists the following functional types of dialogue are used: dialogue-questioning, dialogue-agreement, dialogue-discussion. These are realized through a range of communication strategies (strategy of establishing and maintaining relations, conflict-avoiding strategy, argument strategy, discrediting strategy). Additionally, the Persian language tools used to implement the identified strategies have been described. The main styles of the negotiation process such as business conversation, business telephone conversation, discussion as well as specific verbal and nonverbal means of communication have been considered. The prospect of further research is the development and empirical validation of methodology for building Persian speaking skills in dialogue of future interpreters in the sphere of safeguarding state security
Do people really care about global warming?
Authors: Busato Francesco , Chiarini Bruno , Cisco Gianluigi , Ferrara Maria
Published: January 2022

Global warming represents a "hot" topic in our current daily life. This paper builds up and simulates a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model in the spirit of Nordhaus (2008) while investigating consumers' behavior in a context where economic and environmental issues interact. The paper suggests that households do not care about global warming as much as they should. Even if households make pro-environmental consumption choices, their investment decisions focus on the economic aspect mainly. Therefore, households' propensity to consume clean products is not sufficient to produce benefits to the environment.
Are tax revenue elasticities consistent with a balanced government budget? An analysis and implications for six CEE countries
Authors: Pattichis Charalambos
Published: January 2022

Tax revenue elasticities are an important parameter in the management of the revenue side of the government budget as they provide information about the impact of economic growth on tax revenues and fiscal sustainability. A growing number of empirical studies have estimated such elasticities or buoyancies for different countries using various methods. This paper follows a novel approach of deriving tax revenue elasticities that are consistent with a balanced budget for six Central and Eastern European countries using data over the period 1995-2019. These derived elasticities were then compared to actual estimates reported in other studies. The main conclusion from this comparison is that, for most cases considered, tax revenues were responsive enough to economic growth to support fiscal sustainability.
On the effectiveness of reward-based policies: Are we using the proper concept of tax reward?
Authors: Lisi Gaetano
Published: January 2022

Tax reward is considered an important element of fiscal policies for spurring tax compliance. Empirically, however, the effectiveness of reward-based policies is not confirmed. This short theoretical paper suggests that this discrepancy might just be due to the use of a “wrong” concept of tax reward in empirical and experimental works.
Consumption of cardiovascular and antithrombotic drugs during the spread of coronavirus infection in retail sector of the Samara region pharmaceutical market
Authors: Petrukhina Irina K. , Lebedev Petr A. , Ryazanova Tatyana K. , Blinkova Polina R. , Paranina Elena V.
Published: January 2022

Aim. Study of multi-year sales statistics in pharmacy market segment to assess the volume and structure of consumed cardiovascular and antithrombotic drugs under COVID-19 pandemic conditions.
Material and methods. Data on nomenclature and sales volumes of drugs in pharmacy segment of Samara region in 20152020.
Results. It is shown that the share of basic cardiovascular drugs in physical terms is insignificant (5.2-3%). The largest volume of sales are drugs of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor group (28%) and b-adrenoblockers (23.5%). Fixed combinations of hypotensive drugs account for only 13% of the volume of sold basic cardiovascular drugs, and the share of statins is 7.6%, which does not correspond to their role as the most effective drugs in primary and secondary cardiac prevention. The share of antithrombotic drugs in total sales in volume terms was 0.45% in 20152019. In absolute terms, sales of anticoagulants and disaggregants increased in 20182020, which was accompanied by an average 15% increase in the cost per daily dose. Among disaggregants, acetylsalicylic acid (66.6%), clopidogrel (21.6%), and dipyridamole (10.2%) are most frequently sold. The share of disaggregants in sales fell from 74.8 to 57.6% at the expense of acetylsalicylic acid drugs. In 2020, consumption of dipyridamole increased significantly to 16.6% due to inclusion of the drug in protocols for managing patients with COVID-19. Among anticoagulants, the proportion of new oral medications is characterized by a progressive increase from 7.8% in 2015 to 27% in 2020. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the most demanded group of Xa factor blockers is dominated by apixaban (63.8%), which can be explained by the lower cost (by 16%) of a daily equivalent dose compared to rivaroxaban.
Conclusion. Low consumption of basic cardiovascular drugs among the population of Samara region, especially statins and combined hypotensive drugs was observed. During COVID-19 pandemic there was an increase in consumption of antithrombotic drugs, due to dipyridamole and new oral anticoagulants.
Strategies for treating pregnant women with hepatitis B and C
Authors: Kaptilnyy Vitaliy A. , Reyshtat Diana Yu. , Berishvili Manana V. , Zholobova Mariya N.
Published: January 2022

This multilateral review provides current knowledge regarding pregnancy and infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), as well as discusses modern methods to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of these infections. Maternal HBV or HCV infection is associated with adverse outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth, including MTCT. In countries, including the United States, where postpartum HBV vaccination and immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B immunoglobulin have been introduced, MTCT has generally decreased to approximately 5%. Unlike that for HBV infection, there is no available or recommended therapy to reduce the risk of MTCT of HBV infection, and the risk remains at 310%. MTCT of HCV can be minimized if do not use obstetric care and avoid birth injuries. Young women with HCV should be referred for treatment after childbirth, and newborns should be closely monitored to rule out infection. New, more affordable, and better tolerated HCV treatment regimens are now emerging that will help reduce the number of infected women and infants.
Possibility of use and effectiveness of oral hypoglyctic drugs in gestational diabetes mellitus: a literature review
Authors: Russkova Nadezhda E. , Shumak Anna V. , Timokhina Elena V.
Published: January 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious and frequent concern in pregnancy. Worldwide, the prevalence of GDM ranges from 8 to 20%. In 5% of cases, this pathology is accompanied by complications such as diabetic fetopathy, preeclampsia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Modern national and foreign guidelines for detecting hyperglycemia during pregnancy and diagnosing GDM recommend lifestyle changes and adherence to a carbohydrate-restricted diet as initial therapy. In the absence of positive dynamics against the background of non-drug therapy, the Russian Federation recommends only the use of insulin.
A number of foreign guidelines consider the use of oral hypoglycemic agents (metformin and/or glibenclamide) during pregnancy as an alternative to injectable drugs. In this review, we compared the efficacy and safety of metformin and/or glibenclamide for treating GDM. Metformin and glibenclamide are reliable and safe for correcting the level of blood glucose in pregnant women, but the optimal therapeutic strategy includes their combined use or combined use with insulin.
Course of pregnancy and childbirth in comorbid patients with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zharkin Nikolai A. , Zabolotneva Kseniya O.
Published: January 2022

AIM: This study aimed to assess the course of pregnancy and childbirth in comorbid patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective analysis enrolled 168 individual cards of pregnant women and women in labor with GDM between 2018 and 2020.
RESULTS: Analysis of the comorbid background of pregnant women revealed the presence of overweight and obesity in 48.2% of patients. Thus, these conditions were attributed as determinants in the development of GDM. In 58.7% patients, delivery was performed by cesarean section; however, in 11.3% of pregnant women, surgical delivery was performed for the first time; the main indication for it was a large fetus.
CONCLUSION: Comorbid background in pregnant women contributes to GDM development, which causes a high percentage of obstetric complications and diabetic fetopathy. The risk strategy for this pathology involves predicting complications using continuous outpatient observation, timely treatment, and hospitalization in accordance with the degree of risk.
Conformational changes in plasma proteins and erythrocytes in puerperal women and strategies of managing the perioperative period
Authors: Medzhidova Dzhaminat R. , Shifman Efim M. , Abdullaev Vagab R. , Kulikov Aleksandr V.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Cesarean delivery is associated with prolonged hospitalization compared to spontaneous delivery and the risk of intra- and postoperative complications. The introduction of an accelerated recovery program after a planned cesarean section contributes to the rapid recovery of the patient by optimizing various elements of care.
AIM: To study the effect of the components of the accelerated recovery program on the severity of oxidative stress during abdominal delivery at different stages of the perioperative period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a comparative study assessing conformational changes in plasma proteins and erythrocytes in the blood of puerperal women using fluorescence spectroscopy. The study included 81 patients from the perinatal center of Makhachkala who underwent a planned cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The enrolled women were grouped into the following: control group (n=38), in which perioperative period was traditionally managed, i.e. fasting for 8 h before the operation and introducing an antibiotic after clamping the umbilical cord. Within this group, blood sampling was conducted in all 38 patients at different intervals. In total, 152 samples of the material under study were obtained from control mothers. The 2nd group was the main (n=43) and included women in labor; in this group, perioperative period was managed using accelerated recovery program, by introducing the antibiotic cefazolin and with the intake of a glucose-containing drink 2 h before the operation. In total, 172 samples of the material under study were obtained from the mothers of the 2nd group. Methods for the pre-preparation of biological material and spectral methods of analysis were used in this study.
RESULTS: At all stages of preparation of delivery by cesarean section (CS) after spinal anesthesia, minor conformational changes occur in the blood plasma proteins, including umbilical cord blood. In the main group, antibiotic use an hour before delivery increased the oxidative degradation of blood plasma proteins. In the control group, a change in the structural-dynamic parameters of erythrocyte membrane proteins was observed, as indicated by the blue shift in the maximum fluorescence spectrum. This was not observed in the erythrocytes of the main group of puerperal women who received a glucose-containing drink.
CONCLUSION: According to total fluorescence data of plasma proteins and umbilical cord blood, it can be assumed that using a glucose-containing drink 2 hours before CS along with an antibiotic helps restore some parameters of the fluorescence of erythrocyte membrane proteins. The data obtained do not indicate any persistent pathological phenomena in mothers body at all stages of preparation for CS delivery using spinal anesthesia against the background of antibiotic use.