bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing environmental sustainability through code-driven process integration in the petrochemical industry
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad , Tian Lixin , Du Ruijin , Alhussan Amel Ali , El-kenawy El-Sayed M.
Published: December 2024

Balancing various objectives and navigating uncertainties, reducing CO2 emissions and enhancing energy efficiency in industry presents a complex challenge. While previous studies primarily focused on conventional optimization methods, this research introduces an innovative approach: a multi-criteria optimization framework tailored to address uncertainties. The primary objective is to optimize energy consumption, minimize emissions, and improve cost efficiency simultaneously within the petrochemical industry. To effectively manage uncertain variables, this study integrates decision-making simulations and expert insights through a hybrid methodology to yield optimal outcomes. Employing three distinct preference categories, the model formulates comprehensive decision-making strategies. Empirical findings underscore the model’s efficacy in reducing CO2 emissions, bridging crucial gaps in existing research, and advocating sustainable practices in the sector. Departing from conventional methodologies, this research leverages advanced decision-making techniques adept at handling uncertainty. The framework identifies pivotal emission sources and advocates economically viable reduction strategies. Its adaptability enriches our comprehension of emission challenges by considering diverse factors and expert perspectives. Professional assessments affirm the model’s success and propose a Coding-Based Prototype as a strategic tool for addressing uncertainties. These results underscore the imperative for policy reforms, such as embracing carbon capture technologies, to bolster global sustainability and foster enduring growth in the industrial domain.
Surveillance of Vibrio cholerae serogroups (O1 and O139) from surface and ground water sources in the Vhembe district, Limpopo province, South Africa
Authors: Kachienga Leonard , Rikhotso Mpumelelo Casper , Traore Afsatou Ndama , Potgieter Natasha
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Vibrio cholera is increasingly emerging as a significant public health concern in developing countries. Choleragenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 has reported to cause devastating disease and economic burdens in developing countries. In rural areas of the Vhembe district, most rivers and several communal boreholes are polluted as a result of sanitation issues around these water sources. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of choleragenic V. cholerae O1 and O139 in rivers and communal boreholes.

Methods

The analysis of physicochemical parameters and molecular techniques was used to establish the adaptation and detect the serogroups of V. cholerae in the water samples.

Results and Discussion

The results reported that electrical conductivities (EC) ranged between 18.78 and 154 μS/cm, with rivers such as Madandze and Mvudi recording >80 μS/cm, and those of the communal boreholes were ranged between 23.4 and 295 μS/cm, which were above the acceptable South African water quality guidelines of 0–70 μS/cm for rivers and communal boreholes. The results further revealed that most of the rivers detected positive for V. cholerae, except for the Mukhase river; the downstream points of Livuvhu and Nwedi rivers and the upstream point of the Nzhelele river; and several of the communal boreholes (Mak B1, B2, Kwe B3, 4, and 6) also tested positive for the presence of V. cholerae. The toxigenic Vibrios was also reported in Mutshundudi, Tshinane rivers, the upstream of Dzindi, Madanzhe, Nwedi, and the downstream of Sambandou rivers, as well as Mak B1, B2, and Kwe3 of communal boreholes. The serogroup O1 was detected on the Mutshundudi and Tshinane rivers, while serogroup O139 was detected upstream of the Dzindi, Madanzhe, Mutshundudi, and Tshinane rivers. There was also detection of the O1 serogroup in the communal boreholes (Mak B1 and Kwe B3), while O139 was only detected in one communal borehole (Mak B2). The development of robust policies, including an integrated water and sanitation safety surveillance web tool for monitoring water resources and public health protection, is required to make sure that drinking water in rural communities is safe for consumption.
Pathogenesis and management of TRPV3-related Olmsted syndrome
Authors: Lu Antong , Li Kezhen , Huang Cong , Yu Bo , Zhong Weilong
Published: December 2024

Olmsted syndrome is characterized by symmetrically distributed, destructive, inflammatory palmoplantar keratoderma with periorificial keratotic plaques, most commonly due to gain-of-function mutations in the transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) gene, which involves multiple pathological functions of the skin, such as hyperkeratosis, dermatitis, hair loss, itching, and pain. Recent studies suggest that mutations of TRPV3 located in different structural domains lead to cases of varying severity, suggesting a potential genotype-phenotype correlation resulting from TRPV3 gene mutations. This paper reviews the genetics and pathogenesis of Olmsted syndrome, as well as the potential management and treatment. This review will lay a foundation for further developing the individualized treatment for TRPV3-related Olmsted syndrome.
Selection signature analysis reveals genes associated with tail phenotype in sheep
Authors: Qi Yunxia , He Xiaolong , Wang Biao , Yang Chaoyun , Da Lai , Liu Bin , Zhang Wenguang , Fu Shaoyin , Liu Yongbin
Published: December 2024

Tail type of sheep, which may be affected by many genes with a complex mechanism, is an important economic trait concerned by both raiser and consumers. Here, we employed two sheep breeds with extreme phenotypes - Mongolian sheep (short-fat-tailed) and Bamei Mutton sheep (long-thin-tailed) to analyze the genetic differences at the genomic level and find candidate genes associated with tail phenotype. The results of population structure analysis showed that the LD decay rate of Mongolian sheep was greater than that of Bamai Mutton sheep. When K = 2, the two populations were obviously separated with a certain degree of mixing. From 49 sheep individuals, 20,270,930 and 2,479,474 SNPs and Indels were identified, respectively. Selection signals were detected based on FST, π-Ratio, and XP-EHH. These three methods identified 85 candidate genes, of which PDGFD, GLIS1, AR, and FGF9 were reported to be associated with tail fat deposition, while VRTN associated with tail length in sheep tail phenotype; the others were novel genes that may play important roles in sheep tail phenotype formation. Gene annotation revealed that these candidate genes mainly participate in pathways associated with fat deposition or lipid metabolism. This study provided insight into sheep tail type development and a guide for molecular breeding.
The frequent variant A57F in the GNE gene in patients from Russia has Finno-Ugric Mari origin
Authors: Subbotin Dmitrii , Ionova Sofya , Marakhonov Andrey , Saifullina Elena , Borovikov Artem , Akhmadeeva Leila , Chausova Polina , Ryzhkova Oksana , Zinchenko Rena , Kutsev Sergey , Murtazina Aysylu
Published: December 2024

Introduction

GNE-myopathy is a distal myopathy with adult-onset and initial involvement of anterior leg compartment. A founder effect has been demonstrated for some patients from several large cohorts in different countries.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the allele frequency of the c.169_170delinsTT (p.(Ala57Phe)) variant in the GNE gene (NM_001128227.3) among different ethnic populations (Mari, Tatar, and Bashkir) and estimated the age of the mutation’s spread event.

Results

The c.169_170delinsTT variant in the GNE gene was detected in the Mari population with an allele frequency of 0.003788 but was not found in the Tatar or Bashkir populations. The disease incidence is estimated to be 1.43 (95% CI: 0.00092–43.78) per 100,000 in the Mari population. According to our study, the estimated age of the mutation’s spread is 160.46 years (95% CI: 45.55–244.14).

Discussion

By comparing the information gathered with historical data on migration patterns in the Middle Volga region and estimating the age of the variant’s dissemination, we propose hypotheses regarding its origin and the pathways through which it spread. In the current context of increased rate of interethnic marriages, investigating the spread of common pathogenic variants from historically isolated populations is important for molecular genetic diagnosis. This approach aids in optimizing diagnostic processes and reducing the diagnostic odyssey for patients.
Influence of microstructure on the wettability of tobacco leaves: a theoretical model and quantitative analysis
Authors: Tie Jinxin , Shen Binfeng , Qiao Yuehui , Zhao Wei , Xu Ronghua , Wang Miao , Li Kecheng , Qian Jie
Published: December 2024

Wettability has widespread applications in everyday life such as waterproof clothing, moisture-proof materials, and self-cleaning surfaces. It is also a common phenomenon observed in plants like the lotus, where superhydrophobicity is primarily influenced by chemical composition and microstructure, with the latter playing the most critical role. In this paper, we explore how microstructure affects the wettability of tobacco leaves and examine the relationship between microstructure and contact angle. We select three different Roast tobacco leaves and use Neumann models and Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble (OWRK) models to calculate the surface energy, and the surface energy is between 28 and 31 mN/m and the Young’s contact angle is around 90°. Based on the Cassie–Baxter model, we develop theoretical models of venation and foliage for predicting contact angles. The results show that the surface of the tobacco leaves can transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic by modifying the size of the surface microstructure. Also we develop a method that use SEM and ImageJ to predict contact angle on leaves by analyzing solid-liquid contact area. The results indicate that the discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental results is within 5%. These findings may provide a better understanding of the wettability in natural plants and may pave a new way of realizing surface fabrications with specific infiltrating properties in industries.
Intelligent vehicle obstacle avoidance strategy application supported by fuzzy control theory
Authors: Wang Qianqian , He Shaolin , Zhao Zhu
Published: December 2024

Introduction

With the continuous progress of the automotive industry, the safe driving of intelligent vehicles has received increasing attention. Traditional obstacle avoidance techniques are not accurate enough in dealing with fuzzy information encountered in high-speed driving. Therefore, this study aims to improve the obstacle avoidance ability of intelligent vehicles through fuzzy control theory.

Methods

The study employs fuzzy control theory to enhance the ability of intelligent vehicles to process fuzzy information, thereby improving conventional obstacle avoidance techniques. A combination of visual sensing and ultrasonic detection equipment was used to comprehensively plan the real-time obstacle avoidance routes of the intelligent vehicle.

Results and Discussion

The improved obstacle avoidance technique achieves an accuracy of 96.11%, which is better than the comparison avoidance technique. In the absence of interfering signals, the running time and overshoot were 2.4 s and 7%, respectively, again superior to the comparison technique. The experimental results show that the obstacle avoidance technique proposed in this study can improve the recognition ability of intelligent vehicles on fuzzy information, so as to improve the accuracy of obstacle recognition and provide certain guarantee for the safe driving of intelligent vehicles.
Dynamic survival prediction of end-stage kidney disease using random survival forests for competing risk analysis
Authors: Christiadi Daniel , Chai Kevin , Chuah Aaron , Loong Bronwyn , Andrews Thomas D. , Chakera Aron , Walters Giles Desmond , Jiang Simon Hee-Tang
Published: December 2024

Background and hypothesis

A static predictive model relying solely on baseline clinicopathological data cannot capture the heterogeneity in predictor trajectories observed in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). To address this, we developed and validated a dynamic survival prediction model using longitudinal clinicopathological data to predict end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), with death as a competing risk.

Methods

We trained a sequence of random survival forests using a landmarking approach and optimized the model with a pre-specified prediction horizon of 5 years. The predicted cumulative incidence function (CIF) values were used to generate a personalized dynamic prediction plot.

Results

The model was developed using baseline demographics and 13 longitudinal clinicopathological variables from 4,950 patients. Variable importance analysis for ESKD and death informed the creation of a sequence of reduced models that utilized six key variables: age, serum albumin, bicarbonate, chloride, eGFR, and hemoglobin. The models demonstrated robust predictive performance, with a median concordance index of 84.84% for ESKD and 84.1% for death. The median integrated Brier scores were 0.03 for ESKD and 0.038 for death across all landmark times. External validation with 8,729 patients confirmed these results.

Conclusion

We successfully developed and validated a dynamic survival prediction model using common longitudinal clinicopathological data. This model predicts ESKD with death as a competing risk and aims to assist clinicians in dialysis planning for patients with CKD.
Genetic diversity and distinction of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus lactis in traditional Montenegrin brine cheeses and salamis
Authors: Daza Prieto Beatriz , Raicevic Nadja , Martinovic Aleksandra , Ladstätter Johann , Zuber Bogdanovic Ivana , Schorpp Anika , Stoeger Anna , Mach Robert L. , Ruppitsch Werner , Cabal Adriana
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Enterococcus faecium is a widespread acid-lactic bacterium found in the environment, humans, and animal microbiota, and it also plays a role in the production of traditional food. However, the worldwide emergence of multidrug-resistant E. faecium strains represents a major public health threat and is the primary reason that the genus Enterococcus is not recommended for the Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) list of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), raising concerns about its presence in food products.

Methods

In this study, 39 E. faecium and 5 E. lactis isolates were obtained from artisanal brine cheeses and dry sausages, sourced from 21 different Montenegrin producers. The isolates were collected following the ISO 15214:1998 international method and processed for whole-genome sequencing (WGS).

Results

Genome analysis based on core genome multilocus sequence type (cgMLST) revealed a high diversity among isolates. Furthermore, the isolates carried antimicrobial resistance genes; the virulence genes acm, sgrA, and ecbA; the bacteriocin genes Enterolysin A, Enterocin A, Enterocin P, Duracin Q, Enterocin B, Bacteriocin 31, Enterocin EJ97, Sactipeptides, and Enterocin SEK4; the secondary metabolite genes T3PKS, cyclic lactone autoinducer, RiPP-like, and NRPS and a maximum of eight plasmids.

Conclusion

This study highlights the need for careful monitoring of E. faecium and E. lactis strains in food to ensure they do not pose any potential risks to consumer safety.
Kaempferol restores the susceptibility of ESBLs Escherichia coli to Ceftiofur
Authors: Li Peng-Cheng , Tong Yin-Chao , Xiao Xing-Lan , Fan Yun-Peng , Ma Wu-Ren , Liu Ying-Qiu , Zhuang Shen , Qing Su-Zhu , Zhang Wei-Min
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The development of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBLs) Escherichia coli (E. coli) has become a global threat to public health. An alternative strategy to alleviate this is identifying potential natural compounds to restore antibiotic activity against ESBLs E. coli. This study aimed to find a possible compound to restore ESBLs E. coli sensitivity to ceftiofur.

Methods

The synergistic effect of kaempferol and ceftiofur against ESBLs E. coli was investigated by checkerboard assays, time-kill, growth curves, and scanning electronic microscope. The impact of kaempferol with ceftiofur on the biofilm of ESBLs E. coli was evaluated by crystal violet staining and laser scanning confocal microscopy and this study also assessed the effect of kaempferol on the initial adhesion and aggregation of E. coli (SY20) by examining motility, adhesion, and surface characteristics. The RT-qPCR was used to determine the effect of kaempferol on the expression of genes related to the LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system in ESBLs E. coli, and the effect of kaempferol on AI-2 signaling molecules was determined by molecular docking and bioassay. The impact of kaempferol on the activity of blaCTX-M-27 protein was determined by RT-qPCR, molecular docking, and nitrofen experiments, the results were further verified by transcriptome analysis. The mouse infection model was established, and the inhibitory mechanism of kaempferol with ceftiofur on bacteria in vivo was further verified by HE staining and immunohistochemistry.

Results and discussion

Kaempferol with ceftiofur exerts synergistic antibacterial and bactericidal effects on ESBLs E. coli by influencing β-lactamase activity, biofilm formation, and LuxS/AI-2 QS system. In vivo, kaempferol protected the small intestinal villi from the damage of ESBLs E. coli. Furthermore, kaempferol fully restores the activity of ceftiofur in animal infection models by relieving the TLR4/NF-κb pathway. In conclusion, the sensitivity of ESBLs E. coli to ceftiofur in vitro and in vivo could be enhanced by kaempferol, which showed that kaempferol may be a kind of antibiotic adjuvant.
Multi-omics analysis reveals interactions between host and microbes in Bama miniature pigs during weaning
Authors: Ma Wen , Yin Li , Hu Ying , Liu Xu , Guo Zhenghong , Zhong Bingyang , Qiu Haofeng , Li Jing
Published: December 2024

Introduction

There are complex interactions between host and gut microbes during weaning, many of the mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Previous research mainly focuses on commercial pigs, whereas limited information has been known about the host and gut microbe interactions in miniature pigs.

Methods

To address the issue in Bama miniature piglets that were weaned 30 days after birth, we collected samples on days 25 and 36 for metabolomics, transcriptomics, and microgenomics analysis.

Results and discussion

The average daily weight gain of piglets during weaning was only 58.1% and 40.6% of that during 0-25 days and 36-60 days. Metabolomic results identified 61 significantly different metabolites (SDMs), of which, the most significantly increased and decreased SDMs after weaning were ectoine and taurocholate, respectively, indicating the occurrence of inflammation. Metagenomic analysis identified 30 significantly different microbes before and after weaning. Bacteria related to decreasing intestinal inflammation, such as Megasphaera, Alistipes and Bifidobacterium, were enriched before weaning. While bacteria related to infection such as Chlamydia, Clostridium, Clostridioides, and Blautia were enriched after weaning. The carbohydrate enzymes CBM91, CBM13, GH51_1, and GH94 increase after weaning, which may contribute to the digestion of complex plant fibers. Furthermore, we found the composition of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) changed during weaning. Transcriptomic analysis identified 147 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The upregulated genes after weaning were enriched in immune response categories, whereas downregulated genes were enriched in protein degradation. Combining multi-omics data, we identified significant positive correlations between gene MZB1, genera Alistipes and metabolite stachydrine, which involve anti-inflammatory functions. The reduced abundance of bacteria Dialister after weaning had strong correlations with the decreased 2-AGPE metabolite and the downregulated expression of RHBDF1 gene. Altogether, the multi-omics study reflects dietary changes and gut inflammation during weaning, highlighting complex interactions between gut microbes, host genes and metabolites.”
The effects of locus coeruleus ablation on mouse brain volume and microstructure evaluated by high-field MRI
Authors: Knopper Rasmus West , Skoven Christian Stald , Eskildsen Simon Fristed , Østergaard Leif , Hansen Brian
Published: December 2024

The locus coeruleus (LC) produces most of the brain’s noradrenaline (NA). Among its many roles, NA is often said to be neuroprotective and important for brain upkeep. For this reason, loss of LC integrity is thought to impact brain volume and microstructure as well as plasticity broadly. LC dysfunction is also a suspected driver in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, the impact of LC dysfunction on the gross structure and microstructure of normal brains is not well-studied. We employed high-field ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate brain volumetrics and microstructure in control (CON) mice and mice with LC ablation (LCA) at two ages, representing the developing brain and the fully matured brain. These whole-brain methods are known to be capable of detecting subtle morphological changes and brain microstructural remodeling. We found mice behavior consistent with histologically confirmed LC ablation. However, MRI showed no difference between CON and LCA groups with regard to brain size, relative regional volumes, or regional microstructural indices. Our findings suggest that LC-NA is not needed for postnatal brain maturation and growth in mice. Nor is it required for maintenance in the normal adult mouse brain, as no atrophy or microstructural aberration is detected after weeks of LC dysfunction. This adds clarity to the often-encountered notion that LC-NA is important for brain “trophic support” as it shows that such effects are likely most relevant to mechanisms related to brain plasticity and neuroprotection in the (pre)diseased brain.
Postural imbalance without visual input is associated with specific neuropsychological deficits in older adults – results from the LIFE-adult study
Authors: Grill Eva , Zwergal Andreas , Saur Dorothee , Klingbeil Julian , Fricke Christopher , Schöberl Florian , Felfela Karim , Zülke Andrea , Riedel-Heller Steffi , Classen Joseph
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Modifiable risk factors play an important role in preventing dementia and reducing its progression. Regular physical activity already in midlife, which relies on intact multisensory balance control, can help to decrease the risk of dementia. However, our understanding of the relationship between postural balance and cognitive functions remains limited. The objective of our study was to investigate the association of postural balance during different sensory conditions with specific cognitive domains in older adults.

Methods

Participants were from the population-based prospective “Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases” (LIFE-Adult) cohort in Leipzig, Germany. Executive, memory and processing speed functions were tested by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease (CERAD) plus battery. Assessment of visuospatial abilities was based on the short form of the Judgment of Line Orientation Test (JLO). Postural sway was recorded on a force plate with eyes open and closed. Romberg’s ratios were calculated for sway path and sway area as a proxy for balance without visual control and tested in generalized linear regression models with the summary scores of executive function, memory, processing speed and visuospatial function as dependent variables. All models were adjusted for sex, age, ApoE status, socioeconomic status, anamnestic stroke, and diabetes.

Results

In total, we analyzed 460 participants with a mean age of 68.6 years, range 60 to 80, 47.6% female. A higher Romberg’s ratio for sway area was a significant indicator for impaired visuospatial abilities as measured by the dichotomized JLO (Odds Ratio = 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.88). Romberg’s ratios were not significantly associated with executive functions, procedural speed or memory functions.

Discussion

It may be worthwhile to examine in the future whether inclusion of balance testing enhances the value of screening programs for cognitive impairment. Inversely, it may be appropriate to apply routine cognitive tests when balance problems are detected in older patients.
Preoperative diagnosis of primary ovarian lymphoma: a case report and a decade of insights
Authors: Liu Wei , Xu Houyun , Hu Jibo , Yu Xiping , Zhou Junjie , Hu Hongjie
Published: December 2024

Through a comprehensive retrospective analysis of a 52-year-old woman with primary ovarian lymphoma (POL) and a review of similar cases over the past decade in the PubMed database, we gained several key insights into improving the understanding of POL among clinicians and radiologists for accurate diagnosis. POL is more prevalent among women in their 40s and usually presents with clinical manifestations of a solid mass (typically over 10 cm) and abdominal pain with B symptoms. Four imaging features show promise as indicators of potential diagnostic value in POL: the ovarian retention sign, touching ovaries, vascular floatation, and the sandwich sign. More than half of primary ovarian diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases have elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) levels. This comprehensive understanding of POL suggests that the combination of these four imaging features with elevated levels of CA-125 and LDH might help in the diagnosis of POL preoperatively, preventing unnecessary surgical interventions.
Targeting liposarcoma: unveiling molecular pathways and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Liu Hongliang , Wang Xi , Liu Lingyan , Yan Bingsong , Qiu Fabo , Zhou Bin
Published: December 2024

In recent years, an increasing number of studies have utilized molecular biology techniques to reveal important molecular heterogeneity among different subtypes of liposarcoma. Each subtype exhibits distinct genetic patterns and molecular pathways, which may serve as important targets for molecular therapy. In the present review, we focus on the molecular characteristics, molecular diagnostics, driver genes, and molecular mechanisms of liposarcoma. We also discuss the clinical research progress of related targeted therapies, with an aim to provide a reference and crucial insights for colleagues in the field.
Infectious keratitis in Western New York: a 10-year review of patient demographics, clinical management, and treatment failure
Authors: Maretz Caroline , Atlas Jason , Shah Shalini , Sohn Michael B. , Wozniak Rachel A. F.
Published: December 2024

Background

Infectious keratitis (IK) is a blinding disease and an important cause of ocular morbidity. Understanding regional trends in IK are important to understand the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of this disease.

Methods

In this 10-year retrospective review, patient characteristics including sociodemographic factors, medical history, and ocular history were collected as well as the clinical course and outcomes. This study particularly focused on these characteristics as it relates to treatment failure in IK, as defined as requiring more than 2 weeks to heal or surgical intervention, likelihood of having microbiology cultures collected, surgical intervention, and presenting disease severity.

Results

935 cases of IK were identified at the University of Rochester. Age (p=0.004), history of prior corneal transplant (p=0.009), severe vision loss on presentation (p<0.001), large ulcer size (p=0.001), and fungal (p=0.001) or protozoan (p=0.009) infections were all significantly associated with treatment failure. Both ulcer size (p<0.001) and severity of vision loss (p<0.001) were associated with a higher likelihood of having microbiology cultures as well as surgical intervention. Patients’ whose home address was greater than 60 miles from the University were also more likely to present with a more severe ulcer (p<0.001) and undergo a surgical intervention (p=0.05). In studying the impact of race and ethnicity, Black patients were less likely to receive corneal cultures compared to White patients (p=0.02).

Conclusions

This study defined the patient characteristics and clinical course of patients with IK over 10 years at the University of Rochester providing insight into regional trends of the patient population as well as clinical outcomes.
Use of fluoroquinolones and risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a retrospective cohort study using two nationwide representative claims databases
Authors: Lin Ting-Yu , Wang Jiun-Ling , Wang Grace Hsin-Min , Huang Yu-Yun , Chen Ming-Ching , Dong Yaa-Hui , Lo-Ciganic Wei-Hsuan
Published: December 2024

Background

Although biological plausibility suggests that fluoroquinolones could lead to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) through collagen degradation, real-world evidence on their relative risk of RRD is inconsistent, with limited information on absolute risk estimates.

Objective

The study aimed to estimate the RRD risk associated with fluoroquinolones versus other antibiotics with similar indications (i.e., comparison antibiotics).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing claims data from adult patients who initiated fluoroquinolones or amoxicillin/clavulanate or ampicillin/sulbactam or extended-spectrum cephalosporins using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (2009–2018) and the United States IBM MarketScan Database (2011–2020). Patients were followed for up to 90 days after cohort entry. For each country’s data, after 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching, we used Cox regression models to estimate RRD risks, presented with hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). We used random-effects meta-analyses to derive pooled HRs across both counties.

Results

Of 24,172,032 eligible patients comprising 7,944,620 insured Taiwanese (mean age [SD], 46 [18] years; 45% male) and 16,227,412 United States commercially insured individuals (mean age [SD], 47 [16] years; 40% male), 10,137,468 patients initiated fluoroquinolones, 10,203,794 initiated amoxicillin/clavulanate or ampicillin/sulbactam, and 3,830,770 initiated extended-spectrum cephalosporins. After PS matching, similar RRD incidence rates were observed between fluoroquinolones and amoxicillin/clavulanate or ampicillin/sulbactam users (0.33 [95% CI, 0.19–0.56] versus 0.35 [95% CI, 0.26–0.46] per 1,000 person-years), yielding an HR of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.76–1.23). The RRD incidence rates were also similar comparing fluoroquinolones to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (0.36 [95% CI, 0.22–0.57] versus 0.34 [95% CI, 0.22–0.50] per 1,000 person-years; HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.92–1.27]). The comparative safety profiles remained consistent by country, various patient characteristic (e.g., diabetes or ophthalmic conditions), type of fluoroquinolones, follow-up duration, or treatment setting.

Conclusion

This large-scale study, leveraging real-world data from Taiwan and the United States, showed a low and comparable RRD risk among adults who initiated fluoroquinolones or other antibiotics with similar indications. This suggests that the RRD risk should not deter the use of fluoroquinolone when clinically indicated.
Safety evaluation of medroxyprogesterone acetate: a pharmacovigilance analysis using FDA adverse event reporting system data
Authors: Su Luyang , Xu Ren , Ren Yanan , Zhao Shixia , Liu Weilan , Du Zeqing
Published: December 2024

Background

Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), a synthetic progestogen, is extensively used for the treatment of various conditions, including contraception, irregular menstruation, functional uterine bleeding, and endometriosis. However, like all pharmaceutical agents, MPA is associated with adverse drug reactions. This study aimed to evaluate the adverse events (AEs) associated with MPA in by analyzing real-world data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). By providing a comprehensive assessment of the safety profile of MPA, this study seeks to support informed clinical decision-making.

Methods

Data covering the period from the first quarter of 2004 to the first quarter of 2024 were collected from the FAERS database. Disproportionality analyses were conducted using several statistical methods, including reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), empirical Bayesian geometric mean (EBGM). Additionally, time-to-onset (TTO) analysis was employed to quantify the signals of the MPA-associated AEs.

Results

A comprehensive dataset comprising 21,035,995 AE reports was compiled. Among these, 3,939 women reported using MPA as a contraceptive method. The reports covered 27 system organ classes (SOCs) and 25 high-frequency AE signals. Notably, significant AEs were identified, some of which were not previously detailed in the medication’s prescribing information. Unforeseen significant AEs such as unintended pregnancy (n = 623; ROR, 6.65; ROR025, 6.1; χ2, 2,482.38; PRR, 6.41; EBGM, 5.69; EBGM05, 5.29), bone pain (n = 35; ROR, 13.78; ROR025, 9.4; χ2, 311.2; PRR, 13.75; EBGM, 10.59; EBGM05, 7.69), gait disturbance (n = 34; ROR, 2.82; ROR025, 1.99; χ2, 37.31; PRR, 2.88; EBGM, 2.7; EBGM05, 2.02), dental caries (n = 15; ROR, 23.16; ROR025, 12.32; χ2, 204.26; PRR, 23.14; EBGM, 15.23; EBGM05, 8.98), decrease in blood pressure (n = 15; ROR, 3.88; ROR025, 2.29; χ2, 29.35; PRR, 3.88; EBGM, 3.63; EBGM05, 2.33), and osteonecrosis (n = 9; ROR, 23.44; ROR025, 10.36; χ2, 123.67; PRR, 23.43; EBGM, 15.35; EBGM05, 7.75) were identified as AEs that were not previously outlined in the prescribing information of the medication.

Conclusion

Our findings align with clinical observations, highlighting the emergence of previously unreported AE signals associated with MPA and their demographic and TTO characteristics. Further pharmaco-epidemiological studies are required to substantiate these observations.
Design, construction, and test of compact, distributed-charge, X-band accelerator systems that enable image-guided, VHEE FLASH radiotherapy
Authors: Barty Christopher P. J. , Algots J. Martin , Amador Alexander J. , Barty James C. R. , Betts Shawn M. , Castañeda Marcelo A. , Chu Matthew M. , Daley Michael E. , De Luna Lopez Ricardo A. , Diviak Derek A. , Effarah Haytham H. , Feliciano Roberto , Garcia Adan , Grabiel Keith J. , Griffin Alex S. , Hartemann Frederic V. , Heid Leslie , Hwang Yoonwoo , Imeshev Gennady , Jentschel Michael , Johnson Christopher A. , Kinosian Kenneth W. , Lagzda Agnese , Lochrie Russell J. , May Michael W. , Molina Everardo , Nagel Christopher L. , Nagel Henry J. , Peirce Kyle R. , Peirce Zachary R. , Quiñonez Mauricio E. , Raksi Ferenc , Ranganath Kelanu , Reutershan Trevor , Salazar Jimmie , Schneider Mitchell E. , Seggebruch Michael W. L. , Yang Joy Y. , Yeung Nathan H. , Zapata Collette B. , Zapata Luis E. , Zepeda Eric J. , Zhang Jingyuan
Published: December 2024

The design and optimization of laser-Compton x-ray systems based on compact distributed charge accelerator structures can enable micron-scale imaging of disease and the concomitant production of beams of Very High Energy Electrons (VHEEs) capable of producing FLASH-relevant dose rates (∼ 10 Gy in less than 100 ns). The physics of laser-Compton x-ray scattering ensures that the x-rays produced by this process follow exactly the trajectory of the electrons from which the x-rays were produced, thus providing a route to not only compact VHEE radiotherapy but also image-guided, VHEE FLASH radiotherapy. This manuscript will review the compact accelerator architecture considerations that simultaneously optimize the production of laser-Compton x-rays from the collision of energetic laser pulses with high energy electrons and the production of high-bunch-charge VHEEs. The primary keys to this optimization are use of X-band RF accelerator structures which have been demonstrated to operate with over 100 MeV/m acceleration gradients. The operation of these structures in a distributed charge mode in which each radiofrequency (RF) cycle of the drive RF pulse is filled with a low-charge, high-brightness electron bunch is enabled by the illumination of a high-brightness photogun with a train of UV laser pulses synchronized to the frequency of the underlying accelerator system. The UV pulse trains are created by a patented pulse synthesis approach which utilizes the RF clock of the accelerator to phase and amplitude modulate a narrow band continuous wave (CW) seed laser. In this way it is possible to produce up to 10 µA of average beam current from the accelerator. Such high current from a compact accelerator enables production of sufficient x rays via laser-Compton scattering for clinical imaging and does so from a machine of “clinical” footprint. At the same time, the production of 1,000 or greater individual micro-bunches per RF pulse enables > 10 nC of charge to be produced in a macrobunch of < 100 ns. The design, construction, and test of the 100-MeV class prototype system in Irvine, CA is also presented.
Torsional vibration of a static drill-rooted nodular pile embedded in elastic media
Authors: Zhao Hui , Li Xibin
Published: December 2024

This study examines the vibration characteristics of static drill-rooted nodular (SDRN) piles in elastic soils under time-harmonic torsional loads via an analytical approach. SDRN piles, which are characterized by uniformly distributed nodes and enhanced surrounding cemented soil, are able to increase the vertical bearing capacity of piles in soft soils. Piles are modelled using elastic rod theory, while surrounding soils are separated into two sublayers along radial direction: a core zone made up of cemented soil and an outer semi-infinite natural soil layer. An analytical method is proposed to solve the problem after formulating the wave equations for pile and radial soil layer. This methodology rigorously considers the continuity of twist angle and shear stress across the interface of the pile and radial soil layers. The simulation of nodes in the SDRN pile involves discretizing the pile-soil system and applying the principle of impedance function recursion to accurately compute the torsional stiffness at the top of the pile. Developed results are validated against the existing benchmarks for a cylindrical pile in elastic soil. Detailed numerical examples are carried out to assess the effect of major factors on the torsional impedance of the pile. For improved comprehension in engineering applications, the impedance function is applied to derive the twist angle of the rigid foundation, with the amplitude-frequency response expressed in a closed form. Results indicate that the vibration behavior of the piles is significantly influenced by the inner radius, outer radius, the dimension of the node, the radial width of the cemented soil and the damping ratio of the radial soil layer. The developed solution offers valuable insights for the optimization design of SDRN piles under dynamic torsional loads.
Disrupting shadow in the prothoracic gland induced larval development arrest in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Wu Mian-Zhi , Fan Shu-Ting , Zhang Yuan-Chen , Tan Jin-Fang , Zhu Guan-Heng
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) are the central regulating hormones of insect development. The timing of their secretion usually leads to developmental transitions.

Methods

The developmental transitions were evaluated via the starvation treatment and the expressions of two key metamorphosis inducing factor in Spodoptera frugiperda. Then, the main endocrine organs, including the brain–corpora cardiacum–corpora allatum and prothoracic gland, were sampled from L4-24 h and L6-24 h larvae for the RNA-seq analysis. Additionally, the critical rate-limiting enzyme of 20E synthesis, shadow, was knocked down to mimic the downregulation of 20E synthesis in the late larval instar.

Results

The critical weight (CW), when JH titer declines for metamorphosis, was determined be approximately L6-24 h in S. frugiperda. However, the expression of the pupal specifier Broad-Complex and the potential “metamorphosis initiation factor” Myoglianin showed a stepwise increase between L4-24 h and L6-24 h, suggesting that the developmental transitions may occur earlier. The RNA-seq analysis revealed that both 20E and JH synthesis enzymes were downregulated at the CW. In addition, strong tendencies in the expression pattern were detected among the lists of transcripts. Further knockdown of shadow induced larval development arrest and subsequent mortality, indicating that disrupting 20E synthesis before the CW is lethal. Besides, JH synthesis enzyme was down-regulated.

Conclusion

The downregulation of 20E synthesis enzymes at the CW may represent a carefully regulated event, suggesting a deceleration of larval growth and the initiation of some underlying physiological changes to set the stage for metamorphosis.
Does a whole plant conservation gradient exist within a subtropical broadleaved evergreen forest?
Authors: Fan Ailian , Wang Xue , Yan Xiaojun , Chen Tingting , Jiang Qi , Jia Linqiao , Wang Weiwei , Xiong Decheng , Huang Jinxue , Chen Guangshui
Published: December 2024

The coordination between leaf and root traits is crucial for plants to synchronize their strategies for acquiring and utilizing above- and belowground resources. Nevertheless, the generality of a whole plant conservation gradient is still controversial. Such testing has been conducted mainly among communities at large spatial scales, and thus evidence is lacking within communities. This is noteworthy because factors that influence leaf and root trait variation differ across scales. Here, we measured pairs of analogous leaf and first-order root traits, including morphological (leaf thickness (LT) and root diameter (RD), leaf mass per unit area (LMA) and specific root length (SRL), and leaf and root tissue density (LTD and RTD)) and chemical traits (carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations in leaf and root tissues), on the same plants from 60 woody species within a subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forest. The trade-off patterns in and correlations between leaf and root traits were examined using (phylogenetic) principal component analysis and correlation analysis. Our results revealed two dominant dimensions of leaf trait variation, the leaf economics spectrum (LES) and the LT-LTD trade-off axis. Variations in root traits were mainly accounted for by a two-dimensional root economics space (RES) (i.e., root conservation gradient (RTD-RN) and root collaboration gradient (RD-SRL)). The LES and root conservation gradient were correlated and could be integrated into one whole plant conservation gradient, independent of the root collaboration gradient and the leaf LT-LTD trade-off dimension. Leaf and root N concentrations correlated positively, independent of phylogeny, whereas analogous leaf and root morphological traits varied independently of each other. These results support the existence of a whole plant conservation gradient, but also highlight a complex integration of multiple above- and belowground adaptive strategies of plants within a forest community, which offer new insight into ecological trade-offs, species coexistence and community assembly in the forest ecosystem.
Psychological stress and influence factors in elderly patients with mild coronary heart disease: a longitudinal follow-up study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhang Yunwei , Wu Qiyong , Xie Qiaotao , Xu Zhimin , Yang Xiuhui , Luo Yashuang , Wan Lingshan , Yang Ya , Wang Yibo , Ding Hansheng
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Effective health management is crucial for elderly patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). This study applied a Psycho-Cardiology model to CHD management, aiming to assess psychological stress among patients with mild CHD and identify potential influencing factors to provide substantiating evidence.

Methods

This longitudinal study was based on a 9-year follow-up program of a community population in Shanghai, China. A total of 44,552 elderly people were included, with the average age being 74.9 (±10.35) years, and the proportion of female participants being 56.5%. To evaluate and compare the effect of the disease, individuals were categorized into four groups based on their medical records from the past 6 months, these being (I) a CHD with other chronic diseases group, (II) a CHD only group, (III) non-CHD patients with one (or more) chronic disease group, and (IV) non-patient group. Demographic characteristics, sleep quality and health status of each participants were collected using the Unified Needs Assessment Form for Elderly Care Questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression was used for statistic analysis.

Results

Demographic characteristics differed significantly between the three chronic disease groups (Groups I, II and III) and the non-patient group. Participants in the CHD group reported poorer sleep quality, worse health status, and a more rapid health decline when compared to those with other chronic diseases. Factors such as age, gender, education level, disease duration, and family support were identified as potential influences on the self-reported subjective sleep quality in patients with mild CHD. While age, education level, living status and family support were potential factors influencing the self-assessed health status in participants without CHD (Groups III and IV).

Conclusion

Patients with mild CHD may experience lower subjective sleep quality, health status scores, and a faster health-sleep decline, indicating elevated psychological stress. Higher education levels offer a protective effect against this stress, highlighting the importance of psycho-emotional interventions and educational strategies. Additionally, it is important to prioritize early intervention for newly diagnosed cases to aid in illness acceptance. These findings provide crucial insights for managing patients with mild CHD and inform the efficient allocation of healthcare resources.
Comparison of the effects of in-person and internet-delivered mindfulness-based stress reduction on the burden of psychosomatic symptoms in nurses
Authors: Al-Badiri Muhmmad Qabil Jamil , Ghadirian Fataneh , Zahednezhad Hosein , Boozari Mahsa , Hayati Mahsa-Sadat
Published: December 2024

Introduction

There is some evidence comparing the efficacy of telehealth to in-person mental health care, but there is limited research specifically comparing these modalities in nurses. The study aimed to compare the effects of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Internet-delivered Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (iMBSR) on burden of psychosomatic symptoms of nurses working at Al-Alhamzeh general hospital, Aldiwaniyeh, Iraq.

Methods

The study was a semi-experiment study with a pre-posttest design on 72 registered nurses. Subjects were randomly allocated in group A, in-person MBSR and group B, internet-delivered MBSR. Intervention in two groups was held at 8 weekly sessions. The data collection instrument included sociodemographic, Patient Questionnaire Health-15 (PHQ-15), and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). Data were analyzed with SPSS version 24 by descriptive and non-parametric inferential tests.

Results

The study found that 50% of the nurses in both groups reported mild somatic symptoms, and 40% reported moderate symptoms, with the majority showing no signs of mental distress. A more significant reduction in GHQ scores compared to PHQ scores was observed from pre-to post-intervention. Notably, the online MBSR group showed a significant decrease in GHQ scores, both between groups (p = 0.04) and within the online MBSR group itself (p = 0.02), highlighting the greater impact of the intervention in this group.

Conclusion

The study highlights the positive effects of both in-person and online MBSR interventions on reducing depressive symptoms and improving mental health outcomes among nurses. Online MBSR, in particular, shows promise in addressing medically unexplained symptoms and enhancing mental well-being.