bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanoantenna-assisted plasmonic enhancement of IR absorption of vibrational modes of organic molecules
Authors: Milekhin Alexander G , Cherkasova Olga , Kuznetsov Sergei A , Milekhin Ilya A , Rodyakina Ekatherina E , Latyshev Alexander V , Banerjee Sreetama , Salvan Georgeta , Zahn Dietrich R T
Published: May 2017

Nanoantenna-assisted plasmonic enhancement of IR absorption and Raman scattering was employed for studying the vibrational modes in organic molecules. Ultrathin cobalt phthalocyanine films (3 nm) were deposited on Au nanoantenna arrays with specified structural parameters. The deposited organic films reveal the enhancement of both Raman scattering and IR absorption vibrational modes. To extend the possibility of implementing surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) for biological applications, the detection and analysis of the steroid hormone cortisol was demonstrated.
DMAP-assisted sulfonylation as an efficient step for the methylation of primary amine motifs on solid support
Authors: Naoum Johnny N , Chandra Koushik , Shemesh Dorit , Gerber R Benny , Gilon Chaim , Hurevich Mattan
Published: May 2017

Several multistep strategies were developed to ensure single methylation of amines on solid support. These strategies rely on the introduction of the o-NBS protecting/activating group as a key step. We found that the state-of-the-art strategies fail for the methylation of several primary amine motifs, largely due to inefficient sulfonylation. Here we show that using the superior nucleophilic base DMAP instead of the commonly used base collidine as a sulfonylation additive is essential for the introduction of the o-NBS group to these amine motifs. DFT calculations provide an explanation by showing that the energy barrier of the DMAP intermediate is significantly lower than the one of the collidine. We demonstrate that using DMAP as a sole additive in the sulfonylation step results in an overall effective and regioselective N-methylation. The method presented herein proved highly efficient in solid-phase synthesis of a somatostatin analogue bearing three Nα-methylation sites that could not be synthesized using the previously described state-of-the-art methods.
Auditory Processing Performance of the Middle-Aged and Elderly: Auditory or Cognitive Decline?
Authors: Murphy Cristina F. B. , Rabelo Camila M. , Silagi Marcela L. , Mansur Leticia L. , Bamiou Doris E. , Schochat Eliane
Published: May 2017

Background:Despite the well-established relationship between aging and auditory processing decline, identifying the extent to which age effect is the main factor on auditory processing performance remains a great challenge due to the co-occurrence of age-related hearing loss
and age-related cognitive decline as potential confounding factors.Purpose:To investigate the effects of age-related hearing loss and working memory on the clinical evaluation of auditory processing of middle-aged and elderly.Research Design:Cross-sectional study.Study Sample:A
total of 77 adults between 50 and 70 yr of age were invited to participate in the study.Data Collection and Analysis:The participants were recruited from a larger study that focused on the assessment and management of sensory and cognitive skills in elderly participants. Only participants
with normal hearing or mild-to-moderate age-related hearing loss, with no evidence of cognitive, psychological, or neurological conditions were included. Speech-in-noise, dichotic digit, and frequency pattern tests were conducted as well as a working memory test. The hearing loss effect was
investigated using an audibility index, calculated from the audiometric threshold. The performance on the digit span test was used to investigate working memory effects. Both hearing loss and working memory effects were investigated via correlation and regression analyses, partialling out
age effects. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.Results:The results demonstrated that, while hearing loss was associated to the speech-in-noise performance, working memory was associated to the frequency pattern and dichotic digit performances. Regression analyses
confirmed the relative contribution of hearing loss to the variance in speech-in-noise and working memory test to the variance in frequency pattern and dichotic digit test performance.Conclusions:The performance decline of the elderly in auditory processing tests may be partially attributable
to the working memory performance and, consequently, to the cognitive decline exhibited by this population. Mild-to-moderate hearing loss seems to affect performance on specific auditory processing tasks, such as speech in noise, reinforcing the idea that auditory processing disorder in the
elderly might also be associated to auditory peripheral deficits.
Test‐Retest Reliability of Dual-Recorded Brainstem versus Cortical Auditory-Evoked Potentials to Speech
Authors: Bidelman Gavin M. , Pousson Monique , Dugas Calli , Fehrenbach Amy
Published: May 2017

Background:Auditory-evoked potentials have proven useful in the objective evaluation of sound encoding at different stages of the auditory pathway (brainstem and cortex). Yet, their utility for use in clinical assessment and empirical research relies critically on the precision
and test‐retest repeatability of the measure.Purpose:To determine how subcortical/cortical classes of auditory neural responses directly compare in terms of their internal consistency and test‐retest reliability within and between listeners.Research Design:A descriptive
cohort study describing the dispersion of electrophysiological measures.Study Sample:Eight young, normal-hearing female listeners.Data Collection and Analysis:We recorded auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), brainstem frequency-following responses (FFRs), and cortical (P1-N1-P2)
auditory-evoked potentials elicited by speech sounds in the same set of listeners. We reassessed responses within each of four different test sessions over a period of 1 mo, allowing us to detect possible changes in latency/amplitude characteristics with finer detail than in previous studies.Results:Our
findings show that brainstem and cortical amplitude/latency measures are remarkably stable; with the exception of slight prolongation of the P1 wave, we found no significant variation in any response measure. Intraclass correlation analysis revealed that the speech-evoked FFR amplitude and
latency measures achieved superior repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.85) among the more widely used obligatory brainstem (ABR) and cortical (P1-N1-P2) auditory-evoked potentials. Contrasting these intersubject effects, intrasubject variability (i.e., within-subject coefficient
of variation) revealed that while latencies were more stable than amplitudes, brainstem and cortical responses did not differ in their variability at the single subject level.Conclusions:We conclude that (1) the variability of auditory neural responses increases with ascending level
along the auditory neuroaxis (cortex > brainstem) between subjects but remains highly stable within subjects and (2) speech-FFRs might provide a more stable measure of auditory function than other conventional responses (e.g., click-ABR), given their lower inter- and intrasubject variability.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE MONTHLY AVERAGE DAILY SOLAR RADIATION MAP USING A-CBR, FEM, AND KRIGING METHOD
Authors: KOO Choongwan , HONG Taehoon , JEONG Kwangbok , KIM Jimin
Published: May 2017

Photovoltaic (PV) system could be implemented to mitigate global warming and lack of energy. To maximize its effectiveness, the monthly average daily solar radiation (MADSR) should be accurately estimated, and then an accurate MADSR map could be developed for final decision-makers. However, there is a limitation in improving the accuracy of the MADSR map due to the lack of weather stations. This is because it is too expensive to measure the actual MADSR data using the remote sensors in all the sites where the PV system would be installed. Thus, this study aimed to develop the MADSR map with improved estimation accuracy using the advanced case-based reasoning (A-CBR), finite element method (FEM), and kriging method. This study was conducted in four steps: (i) data collection; (ii) estimation of the MADSR data in the 54 unmeasured locations using the A-CBR model; (iii) estimation of the MADSR data in the 89 unmeasured locations using the FEM model; and (iv) development of the MADSR map using the kriging method. Compared to the previous MADSR map, the proposed MADSR map was determined to be improved in terms of its estimation accuracy and classification level.
An ALMA Survey of Protoplanetary Disks in the σ Orionis Cluster
Authors: Ansdell M. , Williams J. P. , Manara C. F. , Miotello A. , Facchini S. , Marel N. van der , Testi L. , Dishoeck E. F. van
Published: May 2017

The σ Orionis cluster is important for studying protoplanetary disk evolution, as its intermediate age (∼3–5 Myr) is comparable to the median disk lifetime. We use ALMA to conduct a high-sensitivity survey of dust and gas in 92 protoplanetary disks around σ Orionis members with M
* ≳ 0.1 M
⊙. Our observations cover the 1.33 mm continuum and several CO J = 2–1 lines: out of 92 sources, we detect 37 in the millimeter continuum and 6 in 12CO, 3 in 13CO, and none in C18O. Using the continuum emission to estimate dust mass, we find only 11 disks with M
dust ≳ 10 M
⊕, indicating that after only a few Myr of evolution most disks lack sufficient dust to form giant planet cores. Stacking the individually undetected continuum sources limits their average dust mass to 5×  lower than that of the faintest detected disk, supporting theoretical models that indicate rapid dissipation once disk clearing begins. Comparing the protoplanetary disk population in σ Orionis to those of other star-forming regions supports the steady decline in average dust mass and the steepening of the M
dust–M
* relation with age; studying these evolutionary trends can inform the relative importance of different disk processes during key eras of planet formation. External photoevaporation from the central O9 star is influencing disk evolution throughout the region: dust masses clearly decline with decreasing separation from the photoionizing source, and the handful of CO detections exist at projected separations of >1.5 pc. Collectively, our findings indicate that giant planet formation is inherently rare and/or well underway by a few Myr of age.
A Python Calculator for Supernova Remnant Evolution
Authors: Leahy D. A. , Williams J. E.
Published: May 2017

A freely available Python code for modeling supernova remnant (SNR) evolution has been created. This software is intended for two purposes: to understand SNR evolution and to use in modeling observations of SNR for obtaining good estimates of SNR properties. It includes all phases for the standard path of evolution for spherically symmetric SNRs. In addition, alternate evolutionary models are available, including evolution in a cloudy ISM, the fractional energy-loss model, and evolution in a hot low-density ISM. The graphical interface takes in various parameters and produces outputs such as shock radius and velocity versus time, as well as SNR surface brightness profile and spectrum. Some interesting properties of SNR evolution are demonstrated using the program.
Star Formation Under the Outflow: The Discovery of a Non-thermal Jet from OMC-2 FIR 3 and Its Relationship to the Deeply Embedded FIR 4 Protostar
Authors: Osorio Mayra , Díaz-Rodríguez Ana K. , Anglada Guillem , Megeath S. Thomas , Rodríguez Luis F. , Tobin John J. , Stutz Amelia M. , Furlan Elise , Fischer William J. , Manoj P. , Gómez José F. , González-García Beatriz , Stanke Thomas , Watson Dan M. , Loinard Laurent , Vavrek Roland , Carrasco-González Carlos
Published: May 2017

We carried out multiwavelength (0.7–5 cm), multi-epoch (1994–2015) Very Large Array (VLA) observations toward the region enclosing the bright far-IR sources FIR 3 (HOPS 370) and FIR 4 (HOPS 108) in OMC-2. We report the detection of 10 radio sources, 7 of them identified as young stellar objects. We image a well-collimated radio jet with a thermal free–free core (VLA 11) associated with the Class I intermediate-mass protostar HOPS 370. The jet features several knots (VLA 12N, 12C, 12S) of non-thermal radio emission (likely synchrotron from shock-accelerated relativistic electrons) at distances of ∼7500–12,500 au from the protostar, in a region where other shock tracers have been previously identified. These knots are moving away from the HOPS 370 protostar at ∼100 km s−1. The Class 0 protostar HOPS 108, which itself is detected as an independent, kinematically decoupled radio source, falls in the path of these non-thermal radio knots. These results favor the previously proposed scenario in which the formation of HOPS 108 is triggered by the impact of the HOPS 370 outflow with a dense clump. However, HOPS 108 has a large proper motion velocity of ∼30 km s−1, similar to that of other runaway stars in Orion, whose origin would be puzzling within this scenario. Alternatively, an apparent proper motion could result because of changes in the position of the centroid of the source due to blending with nearby extended emission, variations in the source shape, and/or opacity effects.
Observations of a Coronal Shock Wave and the Production of Solar Energetic Particles
Authors: Xu Z. G. , Li C. , Ding M. D.
Published: May 2017

We present a study that clarifies the acceleration source/mechanism of the solar energetic particle (SEP) event on 2011 August 9. Based on the assumption of scatter-free propagation of charged particles along the interplanetary magnetic field, the solar particle release times of the electrons and protons are derived and both found to be in the decay phase of the flare emission. Furthermore, we compare the peak-flux spectra of the in situ particles and the remote-sensing hard X-ray photons and find a weak correlation between them. In particular, we note that an extreme ultraviolet shock wave, presumed to be a signature of coronal mass ejection (CME) shock front on the solar surface, and an associated type II radio burst were observed alongside this event. Under the framework of diffusive shock acceleration, the derived shock compression ratio can accelerate particles with a theoretical spectral index

, which is comparable to the observational index of ∼2.0. Our results appear to support the notion that the coronal shock wave was most likely responsible for the SEP event. Specifically, we find that the electrons were released in a low coronal site at ∼0.58 solar radii, and protons were released when the CME-driven shock propagated to ∼1.38 solar radii. The multi-spacecraft observations, in addition, reveal the connection between the acceleration of shock waves and the release of SEPs.
A Herschel Space Observatory Spectral Line Survey of Local Luminous Infrared Galaxies from 194 to 671 Microns∗
Authors: Lu Nanyao , Zhao Yinghe , Díaz-Santos Tanio , Xu C. Kevin , Gao Yu , Armus Lee , Isaak Kate G. , Mazzarella Joseph M. , van der Werf Paul P. , Appleton Philip N. , Charmandaris Vassilis , Evans Aaron S. , Howell Justin , Iwasawa Kazushi , Leech Jamie , Lord Steven , Petric Andreea O. , Privon George C. , Sanders David B. , Schulz Bernhard , Surace Jason A.
Published: May 2017

We describe a Herschel Space Observatory 194–671 μm spectroscopic survey of a sample of 121 local luminous infrared galaxies and report the fluxes of the CO J to J–1 rotational transitions for

, the [N ii] 205 μm line, the [C i] lines at 609 and 370 μm, as well as additional and usually fainter lines. The CO spectral line energy distributions (SLEDs) presented here are consistent with our earlier work, which was based on a smaller sample, that calls for two distinct molecular gas components in general: (i) a cold component, which emits CO lines primarily at J ≲ 4 and likely represents the same gas phase traced by CO (1−0), and (ii) a warm component, which dominates over the mid-J regime (4 < J ≲ 10) and is intimately related to current star formation. We present evidence that the CO line emission associated with an active galactic nucleus is significant only at J > 10. The flux ratios of the two [C i] lines imply modest excitation temperatures of 15–30 K; the [C i] 370 μm line scales more linearly in flux with CO (4−3) than with CO (7−6). These findings suggest that the [C i] emission is predominantly associated with the gas component defined in (i) above. Our analysis of the stacked spectra in different far-infrared (FIR) color bins reveals an evolution of the SLED of the rotational transitions of

vapor as a function of the FIR color in a direction consistent with infrared photon pumping.
Representações sociais e cultura na perspectiva dos portais de notícias da região da Tríplice Fronteira
Authors: Norberto Márcio Barbosa , Woitowicz Karina Janz
Published: May 2017

Neste artigo busca-se refletir sobre o tema fronteira entre países numa perspectiva de espaço no qual se representa diferentes formas de cultura. Cenário de identidades e diferenças, muitas vezes sobrepostas por assimetrias e relações de poder. A fronteira de que trata este trabalho é formada por Puerto Iguazú, Foz do Iguaçu e Ciudad del Este, a Tríplice Fronteira. Local de muitas vozes e sotaques: dos nativos, dos passantes e dos turistas. Região marcada por ambiguidades: sem registro de conflito étnico, mas atenta às questões de segurança. Conhecemos um pouco desta geografia pelas representações culturais retratadas em três meios de comunicação da região, um de cada cidade ou, neste caso, um de cada país. O corpus empírico do presente artigo foram as reportagens publicadas pelos portais de notícias das cidades e alusivas à Tríplice Fronteira.
O nascimento e a consolidação da imprensa informativa em Minas Gerais
Authors: Mendes Jairo Faria
Published: May 2017

A imprensa informativa foi tardia em Minas Gerais. Somente em 1866 a província teve seu primeiro jornal informativo o Diário de Minas, publicado em Ouro Preto, que na época era capital. Foi o primeiro periódico com caráter empresarial e que fugiu do publicismo. No entanto, ele recebia apoio financeiro e apoiava grupos políticos. No início se apresentava como órgão do Partido Liberal. Quando o Partido Conservador chegou ao poder passou a representar este partido. Com a volta do Partido Liberal ao poder, em 1878, o jornal entrou em crise financeira. A imprensa informativa mineira vai se consolidar somente em 1885, com o jornal Pharol, de Juiz de Fora. A partir daí, Juiz de Fora se tornou o centro da imprensa mineira. Somente na década de 1930, a nova capital Belo Horizonte ocupou essa posição, fazendo com que o Estado chegasse a fase de Nelson Werneck Sodré denomina de Grande Imprensa.
New record of Castanopsides falkovitshi Kerzhner from Korea (Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae: Mirini)
Authors: Oh Min Suk , Lee Seunghwan
Published: May 2017

The genus Castanopsides Yasunaga, 1992 belongs to the subfamily Mirinae and comprises 11 species worldwide. Prior to this study, two species, C. kerzhneri Josifov and C. potanini Reuter has been recorded from the Korean Peninsula.

The genus Castanopsides Yasunaga, 1992 belongs to the subfamily Mirinae and comprises 11 species worldwide. Prior to this study, two species, C. kerzhneri Josifov and C. potanini Reuter has been recorded from the Korean Peninsula.

In this paper, three species are recognized including a new record, C. falkovitshi (Kerzhner, 1979). Images of dorsal and ventral habitus, and male and genitalic structures are provided. A key to the Korean Castanopsides species is presented.
Les fractures numériques diminuent-elles au Cameroun ?
Authors: Bakehe Novice Patrick , Herbert Fambeu Ariel , Tamokwe Piaptie Georges Bertrand
Published: May 2017

L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier l’évolution des déterminants d’adoption et d’usages de l’Internet au Cameroun. Pour cela, nous utilisons deux enquêtes individuelles réalisées en 2008 et 2015. À l’aide des modèles de choix discrets, nos résultats montrent qu’au fur et à mesure que le taux de pénétration de l’Internet augmente et que les moyens utilisés pour y accéder se diversifient, certaines fractures diminuent pendant que d’autres tendent malheureusement à s’accentuer. Ces résultats sont susceptibles d’aider les gouvernements à élaborer et à mettre en œuvre des politiques numériques plus efficaces visant à promouvoir l’utilisation en masse de l’Internet au Cameroun.
Immersion émotionnelle et expérience perceptive de l’espace chorégraphique
Authors: Charliac Chloé
Published: May 2017

La question de l’immersion est souvent perçue en termes d’interpénétration des espaces. Cependant, comme le souligne Claire Buisson, il existe une autre dimension de l’immersion, entendue cette fois-ci comme expérience sensorielle. Nous nous interrogerons alors sur la nature de cette dernière dans le cadre des représentations de danse contemporaine. En s’attachant à mieux comprendre la dimension interactionnelle de l’expérience chorégraphique et le vécu spectaculaire, cet article plaide pour une meilleure prise en compte de la dimension sensorielle et émotionnelle de l’immersion artistique.
Experiences of RNs Who Voluntarily Withdraw From Their RN-to-BSN Program
Authors: Girard Samantha A. , Hoeksel Renee , Vandermause Roxanne , Eddy Linda
Published: May 2017

Background:

The number of RN-to-baccalaureate nursing (BSN) programs is increasing; however, nurses continue to voluntarily withdraw at higher rates than expected.

Method:

A Heideggerian hermeneutic approach was used to interpret the meaning of the experience of RNs, who voluntarily withdraw from their baccalaureate nursing programs. The research aims were to generate a comprehensive understanding of (a) the experiences of RN-to-BSN noncompleters, (b) the meaning noncompleters ascribe to the experience of dropping out, and (c) the interplay between factors that influence dropout decisions.

Results:

Two overarching patterns of understanding emerged: Withdrawing as Revisiting Failure, and Withdrawing as Impasse: On One Side of the Divide. The factors that influence whether an RN finishes a baccalaureate nursing program are many, but the effect on dignity and well-being are immeasurable.

Conclusion:

Voluntary withdrawal from an RN-to-BSN program leaves nurses professionally place-bound, affecting not only the individual nurse but also the profession. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2017;56(5):260–265.]
Physical Assessment Techniques in Nursing Education: A Replicated Study
Authors: Kohtz Cindy , Brown Suzanne C. , Williams Ryan , O'Connor Patricia A.
Published: May 2017

Background:

It has been nearly a decade since findings revealed that a sample of U.S. nurses routinely used only 30 physical assessment techniques in clinical practice. In a time of differentiating nice-to-know from need-to-know knowledge and skills, what has changed in nursing education?

Method:

This cross-sectional, descriptive study examines the physical assessment skills taught and used among nursing students at one baccalaureate nursing education program located in the midwestern United States.

Results:

Findings highlight the similarities and differences from previous studies and offer insight as to how closely nursing education mirrors the skills needed for clinical practice.

Conclusion:

Nurse educators must continue to discriminate content taught in prelicensure nursing education programs and should consider the attainment of competency of those essential skills that most lend to optimal patient outcomes. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(5):287–291.]
Bridging the Gender Divide: Facilitating the Educational Path for Men in Nursing
Authors: Hodges Eric A. , Rowsey Pamela Johnson , Gray Tamryn Fowler , Kneipp Shawn M. , Giscombe Cheryl Woods , Foster Beverly B. , Alexander G. Rumay , Kowlowitz Vicki
Published: May 2017

Background:

Although the number of men entering the nursing profession over the past century has increased incrementally, the proportion of men remains low in contrast to the U.S. population. On matriculation into nursing school, men face stereotypes about the nursing profession and the characteristics of the men who enter it. Men may also face a number of gender-based barriers, including lack of history about men in nursing, lack of role models, role strain, gender discrimination, and isolation.

Method:

This article describes each of these barriers and provides strategies to improve male students' learning experience.

Results:

The efforts of one nursing school to address many of these barriers are also described.

Conclusion:

Through acknowledging gender barriers and taking intentional steps to address them with prenursing and nursing students, schools of nursing may create a more inclusive environment and enhance the profession's diversity. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(5):295–299.]
Development and morphology of the fruit and seed of the hemiparasite genus Jodina (Cervantesiaceae)
Authors: Luján Luna María , Giudice Gabriela E. , Grossi Mariana A. , Gutiérrez Diego G.
Published: May 2017

The monotypic genus Jodina is endemic to central and southeastern South America, common in forests and scrubland environments. The fruit type in Jodina is controversial since it has been described at different stages of development. The main objective of this work was to analyze the morphology of the fruit of J. rhombifolia during its maturation to attain a consensus about its type. Also characteristics of seed development and anatomy were analyzed in detail. Material was processed according to conventional techniques for LM and SEM studies. The fruit of J. rhombifolia is a pseudodrupe since the ovary is half-inferior; the fleshy layer of the pericarp is constituted by an increase of the nectary disk whereas the stony layer is represented by the mesocarp. Participation of the nectary disk as part of the fruit wall has not been mentioned previously. The seed is “naked” —the integument disintegrates during development— and the resulting structure is a pyrene. The interpretations made by other authors on the fruit of Jodina are also discussed.
The algae names and collection of the Spanish Phycologist Pedro González Guerrero
Authors: Izquierdo Jose Luis , Pando Francisco
Published: May 2017

In this paper we collect the 103 algae names published by the Spanish phycologist Pedro González Guerrero during his life-long study of algae at the Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid. Names are presented with specific information to facilitate the typification of these names in the future, since P. González only used small illustrations as type elements when describing new infrageneric taxa. We also review here the status of this collection, which has been restored and databased in the process. The collection currently comprises over 2150 specimens, a fraction of what it was a much larger one.
Five crew, how many clergy : pourquoi certains noms collectifs peuvent-ils servir à nommer des membres ?
Authors: Gardelle Laure
Published: May 2017

Un nom collectif est généralement défini comme un nom qui, au singulier, implique une pluralité de membres ; ainsi crew au sens d’équipage. Mais certains de ces noms peuvent également désigner des membres, lorsqu’ils sont employés comme pluriels non fléchis (ex. these crew) ; quelques-uns admettent même le dénombrement « un » (ex. one crew pour un membre d’équipage). La présente étude s’intéresse à ces emplois pluriels, peu étudiés à ce jour, et qui concernent également des noms indénombrables de supercatégories collectives (ex. (these) livestock). Après une description des données obtenues à partir de deux corpus d’anglais américain, l’article montre qu’il ne s’agit pas d’emplois collectifs ; ce que dénote le nom, ce sont des membres d’une classe (ex. pour crew, d’une catégorie professionnelle), et le fait que ces membres sont, dans le même temps, typiquement représentés comme faisant partie d’un groupe. Pour les noms originellement collectifs dénombrables, il y a changement de dénotation (d’un tout à des membres d’une catégorie socio-professionnelle) ; pour les noms qui dénotent des supercatégories collectives, l’emploi pluriel indique seulement plus grande saillance des unités qui composent l’ensemble. Dans les deux cas, les unités ont en commun d’être peu individualisées, car définies par leur appartenance à la classe, à partir d’une pluralité. Par conséquent, two police, par exemple, n’est pas toujours interchangeable avec two policemen. Se pose alors la question du terme qui peut nommer ces usages ; celui de « pluriel interne » est rejeté, au profit d’« agrégat ».
Species Distribution Modeling of American Beech (Fagus Grandifolia) Distribution in Southwest Ohio
Authors: Flessner Brandon , Henry Mary C. , Green Jerry
Published: May 2017

The ability to predict American beech distribution (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) from environmental data was tested by using a geographic information system (GIS) in tandem with species distribution models (SDMs). The study was conducted in Butler and Preble counties in Ohio, USA. Topography, soils, and disturbance were approximated through 15 predictor variables with presence/absence and basal area serving as the response variables. Using a generalized linear model (GLM) and a boosted regression tree (BRT) model, curvature, elevation, and tasseled cap greenness were shown to be significant predictors of beech presence. Each of these variables was positively related to beech presence. A linear model using presence only data was not effective in predicting basal area due to a small sample size. This study demonstrates that SDMs can be used successfully to advance one's understanding of the relationship between tree species presence and environmental factors. Large sample sizes are needed to successfully model continuous variables.
Food System Resilience and Sustainability in Cambodia
Authors: Messina Joseph , Suepa Tanita , Snapp Sieglinde , Olson Jennifer , Nejadhashemi A. Pouyan , Murray Sarah , Moore Nathan , Frake April , Fan Peilei , Adhikari Umesh
Published: May 2017

Cambodia is witnessing a “Goldilocks moment” in demographic change concurrent with shifts in land use, hydrology, and climate. These trends interact and affect food production, food costs, and food security. Drivers of these trends are typically examined separately with interacting factors considered along disciplinary margins. While science models to explore these interacting effects have been proposed, there remains an applied research gap in integrating these pieces and assessing interdisciplinary opportunities for developing food security solutions. Developed following a request from USAID to elucidate food security conditions in Cambodia, here the authors present their geospatial synthesis of the biophysical and socioeconomic drivers of current food security risk, as well as explore future trends for those conditions. The overall structure shows several interlocking or mutually reinforcing trends in systems that point towards a significant intensification of food insecurity in the near future. They offer an assessment of future targets for food systems innovation.
A Minimum-Aware Container Live Migration Algorithm in the Cloud Environment
Authors: Li Peng , Nie Huqing , Xu He , Dong Lu
Published: May 2017

Load imbalance is a problem faced by the distributed cloud computing platform. It often requires the information collaboration by each server in the cluster to carry out the container migration. Most of the algorithms which aim to reduce the downtime do not consider migration cost of the containers and perform some unnecessary migration. In this paper, with the aim to reduce the unnecessary migration of containers, an optimal minimum migration algorithm (OMNM) is proposed. By fitting the growth rate of Docker containers in the source server, the model can estimate the growth trend of each Docker container and determine which container needs to be migrated. While ensuring the load balancing of the cluster, the number of the migration is reduced, and the utilization ratio of the resource is improved. Experimental results show that the algorithm is effective to reduce the total number of live migration of Docker containers and reduce the workload of migration. Finally, it achieves the load balancing of cloud resources.
Indoor Localization Using the Reference Tags and Phase of Passive UHF-RFID Tags
Authors: Xu He , Ding Ye , Li Peng , Wang Ruchuan
Published: May 2017

In recent years, indoor position has been an important role in many applications, such as production management, store management and shelves in supermarket or library. Much time and energy are exhausted because one object cannot be quickly and accurately located. Traditional indoor position systems have some problems, such as complicated software and hardware system, inaccurate position and high time complexity. In this paper, the authors propose an RFID-based collaborative information system, Tagrom, for indoor localization using COTS RFID readers and tags. Unlike former methods, Tagrom works with reference tags and phase of Passive UHF-RFID tags, which improves traditional distribution of reference tags and utilize RF phase replace of traditional RSSI or multipath profile to determine the position of target RFID tags.
An Insider Threat Detection Method Based on Business Process Mining
Authors: Zhu Taiming , Guo Yuanbo , Ju Ankang , Ma Jun , Wang Xuan
Published: May 2017

Current intrusion detection systems are mostly for detecting external attacks, but the “Prism Door” and other similar events indicate that internal staff may bring greater harm to organizations in information security. Traditional insider threat detection methods only consider the audit records of personal behavior and failed to combine it with business activities, which may miss the insider threat happened during a business process. The authors consider operators' behavior and correctness and performance of the business activities, propose a business process mining based insider threat detection system. The system firstly establishes the normal profiles of business activities and the operators by mining the business log, and then detects specific anomalies by comparing the content of real-time log with the corresponding normal profile in order to find out the insiders and the threats they have brought. The relating anomalies are defined and the corresponding detection algorithms are presented. The authors have performed experimentation using the ProM framework and Java programming, with five synthetic business cases, and found that the system can effectively identify anomalies of both operators and business activities that may be indicative of potential insider threat.
A Proposed Scheme for Remedy of Man-In-The-Middle Attack on Certificate Authority
Authors: Tanwar Sarvesh , Kumar Anil
Published: May 2017

PKI offers authentication via digital certificates, which are signed and provided by Certificate Authority (CA). A certificate can be signed by single CA or multiple CAs. A document signed by multiple CAs has less probability to be forged as compared to signed by a single CA. CA is a single point of failure, if CA issue forged certificate intentionally or maliciously the whole PKI system effected. Still PKI ensures a secure method for exchanging sensitive information over unsecured channels through the use of cryptographic public private key pair, issued by Certification Authority (CA) but even an honest CA can issue forged certificate. Now in India everything is digitalized to enable e-Governance. For that a unique identity, aadhar number issued by Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) is most widely used. For avoiding fraudulent certificates, strong authentication and attacks on CAs, the authors proposed an algorithm that use multiple signature on certificate based on aadhar number offered by UIDAI for online entity authentication-verification before issuing the certificate. If any of the CA is compromised whether its database or key will not be able to issue certificate to any server as authentication fails and multiple signatures are required. Proposed concept is more secure than the existing in terms of authentication, security and time.
An Empirical Examination of Saudi Consumers Attitudes Towards Online Shopping
Authors: Alsharief Raja Yahya , Al-Saadi Felwa
Published: May 2017

This paper aims to empirically examine Saudi consumers' attitudes towards online shopping. The papers test a framework that was developed to understand, evaluate and examine the different factors affecting consumer attitudes towards online shopping in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a non-probability sample of 1000 Saudi consumers'. The paper investigated several independent variables which were used in previous research studies and its relation with the dependent variable (online shopping attitude among Saudi consumers). The findings indicated that ease of use and reliability were positively related to attitude of consumer towards online shopping. The findings also illustrated a positive relationship between the research remaining independent variables (privacy and security, customer service, trust, product information, satisfaction) and online shopping attitude in KSA. The paper also provides a discussion of its limitations as well as direction for future research in the field.
The History and Development of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs)
Authors: Dearden John C.
Published: May 2017

Following the publication of the history and development of QSAR, it became apparent that a number of matters had not been covered. This addendum is an attempt to rectify that. A very early approach (ca. 60 B.C.) by Lucretius shows that he understood how molecular size and complexity affect liquid viscosity. Comments by Kant (1724-1804) emphasized the necessity of mathematics in science. A claim that the work of von Bibra and Harless in 1847 pre-dated that of Overton and H.H. Meyer is shown not to be correct. K.H. Meyer and Gottlieb-Billroth published in 1920 what is probably the first QSAR equation. Brown, who with his co-author Fraser is credited with the first definitive recognition in 1868-9 that biological activity is a function of molecular structure, is often cited as Crum Brown; in fact, Crum was his second given name. The QSAR work of the Soviet chemist N.V. Lazarev in the 1940s was far ahead of his time, showing numerous correlations of biological activities and physicochemical properties with molecular descriptors. The subject of inverse QSAR is discussed.
Organ-Based Medical Image Classification Using Support Vector Machine
Authors: Khachane Monali Y.
Published: May 2017

Computer-Aided Detection/Diagnosis (CAD) through artificial Intelligence is emerging ara in Medical Image processing and health care to make the expert systems more and more intelligent. The aim of this paper is to analyze the performance of different feature extraction techniques for medical image classification problem. Efforts are made to classify Brain MRI and Knee MRI medical images. Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) based texture features, DWT and DCT transform features and Invariant Moments are used to classify the data. Experimental results shown that the proposed system produced better results however the training data is less than testing data. Support Vector Machine classifier with linear kernel produced higher accuracy 100% when used with texture features.
Animal Rights and Robot Ethics
Authors: Hagendorff Thilo
Published: May 2017

This paper investigates challenges which anthropocentric and pathocentric ethics have to face when confronted with moral considerations about non-human animals, especially so-called disenhanced animals, and a new class of technological artifacts, namely social robots. Referring to the case of animal welfare, robot ethics emerges as a new discipline that has not yet reflected on the ideological biases that commonly underlie moral judgments toward animals and find expression in robot ethics, too. As a consequence, robot ethics perpetuates the “work of purification,” that is, the isolation and definition of a particular entity possessing a moral status. Whenever such an entity is defined, the definition excludes all those entities which could likewise possess a moral status but do not fit exactly to the pre-specified definition. The crucial question, then, is whether to seek an ethic of unconditional compassion that doesn't allow itself to be restricted by ideology and is therefore convenient for animal rights and robot ethics as well.
Infrastructure Profiles and Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Oliveira Mírian , Maçada Antonio Carlos Gastaud , Curado Carla , Nodari Felipe
Published: May 2017

Information technology and top management support are considered infrastructure for knowledge sharing. This research aims to identify infrastructure profiles and their relationship with knowledge sharing. A survey method was adopted involving 231 respondents working in information technology teams in Brazil. The analysis identified four profiles, namely: focus on information technology; focus on top management support; adrift; and knowledge sharing oriented. The latter was identified as being the most effective, while no significant difference was found between the other clusters in relation to knowledge sharing. This finding is a supplement to this field of knowledge because, in addition to confirming the relevance of the two constructs, it shows that their simultaneous presence contributes to knowledge sharing. This result also helps managers by highlighting that in order to leverage knowledge sharing it is necessary to signal the importance of the process for the company, as well as provide adequate information technology.
Sentiment Analysis with Text Mining in Contexts of Big Data
Authors: Andrade Carina Sofia , Santos Maribel Yasmina
Published: May 2017

The evolution of technology, along with the common use of different devices connected to the Internet, provides a vast growth in the volume and variety of data that are daily generated at high velocity, phenomenon commonly denominated as Big Data. Related with this, several Text Mining techniques make possible the extraction of useful insights from that data, benefiting the decision-making process across multiple areas, using the information, models, patterns or tendencies that these techniques are able to identify. With Sentiment Analysis, it is possible to understand which sentiments and opinions are implicit in this data. This paper proposes an architecture for Sentiment Analysis that uses data from the Twitter, which is able to collect, store, process and analyse data on a real-time fashion. To demonstrate its utility, practical applications are developed using real world examples where Sentiment Analysis brings benefits when applied. With the presented demonstration case, it is possible to verify the role of each used technology and the techniques adopted for Sentiment Analysis.
Information Systems Capabilities and Their Effects on Competitive Advantages
Authors: Bhatt Ganesh D. , Wang Ziping , Rodger James A.
Published: May 2017

Over the past three decades, business managers and academic researchers have shown considerable interest in understanding how information systems (IS) can lead to competitive advantages for firms. Although in the United States researchers have found that IS competences lead to competitive advantages, it remains unknown whether firms working in emerging economies can capitalize on IS competence for competitive advantages. This article examines the moderating effect of the learning intensity of organizations on the relationship between IS competence and competitive advantages in 122 Chinese firms. Data were collected from a mailed survey of 122 information-technology (IT) managers. The results indicate that flexibility of IT infrastructure, IT business skills, and learning intensity have significant effects on competitive advantages. The learning intensity of organizations positively moderates the relationship between IS business skills and competitive advantages, but has no moderating effect on the relationship between the flexibility of IT infrastructure and competitive advantages.
Thirty Years Later
Authors: Wand Yair , Weber Ron
Published: May 2017

The idea that ontological theories could be used to provide a theoretical basis for evaluating conceptual-modeling grammars and scripts was initiated some thirty years ago. The authors provide some brief history about the early research that discussed how ontological theories might be used to study conceptual-modeling grammars and scripts. They then give an overview of the progress that has been made using various elements of this early research. Next, they outline some of the major critiques that have been made of conceptual-modeling work that uses ontological foundations. Finally, the authors suggest some areas that they believe hold substantial promise in using ontology to better understand and predict conceptual-modeling phenomena.
A Framework for Managing Complexity in Information Systems
Authors: Kaul Mala , Storey Veda C. , Woo Carson
Published: May 2017

A particularly difficult, but important, challenge in the design and development of contemporary information systems is dealing with complexity. Although complexity has been richly discussed from various perspectives in the literature, there is limited guidance on how to address complexity in information systems design. This research analyzes different approaches to handling complexity and finds that there exists a plurality of ways in which to address complexity that are dependent upon the given situation. This analysis results in the derivation of a framework for addressing complexity in information systems. The framework explicitly recognizes implications and limitations of decomposition, inner-outer environments, abstractions, and decentralization, and the role of Ontology. Application of the framework is intended to enable information researchers to identify and adapt applicable strategies for managing complexity in any domain.
Elements of Rural Economics: Access to Agricultural Information among Rural Women Farmers in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Alimi Folorunsho , Alabi Olugbenga Omotayo , Oladele Ayoola Olugbenga
Published: May 2017

Information is very important for sustainable agricultural development. In order to increase agricultural production, enhance good distribution strategies, achieve improve and efficient marketing system, agricultural information should be at the central position. This study evaluated elements of rural economics: access to agricultural information among rural women farmers in Abuja, Nigeria. The specific objectives are to: identify the socio-economic characteristics of rural women farmers, examine the various ways rural women farmers have access to agricultural information, and evaluate the factors influencing rural women farmers’ access to new agricultural information in Abuja, Nigeria. A sample of 90 rural women farmers was selected through a multistage sampling technique from three selected agricultural extension blocks namely: Byazhin, Kubwa and Bwari Central. The data were collected with the aid of a questionnaire. The analytical tools used were descriptive statistics and Maximum Likelihood Estimates using Logit regression model. The results indicated that about 94 percent of the rural women farmers were less than 55years of age which implies that most of the rural women farmers are in their active age. About 86 percent of the rural women farmers were married. Household sizes were large, 76 percent of rural women farmers had less than 10 members. Furthermore, 97 percent of the rural women farmers had less than 30 years farming experiences. In addition, 92 percent of the rural women farmers realized income less than N 100, 000.00 or 318 US Dollar from the sales of their farm products annually. The results further show that the print media and audio-visuals (radio and television) were the major information sources of rural women farmers. The Logit model results revealed that age, marital status and members of farmer’s cooperative association had positive and significant relationships with access to agricultural knowledge and information atrespectively. The coefficient of Nagelkerke determinant (R2) value was 0.658. The coefficient of Cox and Snell determinant (R2) value was 0.488. The study recommends that well-trained female extension agents should be provided in the study area to train the rural women farmers on modern farming techniques that will increase agricultural productivity or yields.