bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Cavitation of Water Jet Nozzle Based on Realizable k-ε Model
Authors: SU Yongqiang , SHI Jinfa , WANG Yahui
Published: February 2022

In order to study the cavitation characteristics of water jet nozzles, a realizable  model was selected to simulate the flow field inside the nozzle at the inlet pressure of 15 MPa. The pressure at the starting point of the nozzle throat section dropped to the minimum, and the liquid velocity reached the maximum. From the vapor volume distribution map of the nozzle, it can be seen that the vapor fraction is the largest on the wall of the expansion section, and a local reflux is formed in the expansion section, which results in the gradual diffusion of the vapor fraction distribution along the wall of the expansion section. In addition, the influence of nozzle inlet pressure on the vapor fraction and vapor fraction distribution region in the expansion section is analyzed. The results show that the larger vapor fraction and vapor fraction distribution region can be produced under the 25 MPa inlet pressure. At the pressure inlet of 25 MPa, six groups of numerical simulations were carried out with different the length to diameter ratio of the nozzle throat section (L4/d0). The results show that when L4/d0 is 2, it is more conducive to the formation of cavitation and the quality of cavitation is better.
Research on Vibration Reduction of Half-Vehicle Active Suspension Sys-tem Based on Time-delayed Feedback Control with Wheel Displacement
Authors: Guo Yong , Ren Chuanbo
Published: February 2022

This paper proposes parameter controlling optimization of the time-delay feedback that is based on "equivalent harmonic excitation" in effective frequency band towards optimization of delay feedback control parameters for vehicle semi active suspension system. In this way, the optimal values of delay feedback control parameters based on different types of delay feedback control (displacement, velocity and acceleration) of wheels in the effective frequency band are obtained. Finally, through the stability analysis of vehicle semi-active suspension system based on different types of wheel delay feedback control and the numerical simulation analysis of time-domain response of suspension system performance evaluation index, the superiority of the time-delay feedback control strategy based on wheel displacement and the effectiveness and feasibility of the equivalent harmonic excitation optimization strategy are verified. Therefore, it provides a theoretical reference for the selection of time-delay feedback control strategy and the optimal design of time-delay feedback control parameters of vehicle active and semi-active suspension system.
Novel Wound Dressing Based on Postbiotic/Chitosan Film Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing
Authors: Jamaran Shahab , Jafari Parvaneh , Marjani Azam , Akbari Neda , Feizabad Mohammad Mehdi
Published: February 2022

Background: Wound healing is a complex and overlapping process involving immune cells, cytokines, and growth factors. Objectives: This study aimed to design and evaluate a novel wound dressing based on postbiotic/chitosan in accelerating wound healing. Methods: Lactobacillus reuteri PTCC1655 was cultured, and the cell-free supernatant (postbiotic) was obtained by medium centrifugation. The films were prepared using the solvent casting method and evaluated in terms of water absorption index, water vapor transmission rate, and antimicrobial properties. Forty-five male Wistar rats were subjected to a full-thickness excisional wound to assess the wound healing potential. The rats were randomly divided into control, chitosan, and postbiotic groups. The time-course histological and gene expression analysis was performed to compare the dressing efficacy. Results: The films showed proper water absorption and water vapor transmission rate and inhibited the pathogens commonly associated with wound infection. The postbiotic film improved wound healing by modulating the inflammatory phase, increasing collagen and elastin deposition, and enhancing angiogenesis based on the histological results. The gene expression assay showed that the postbiotic film accelerated wound healing by improving the expression of inflammatory mediators (IL-6 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory mediators (TGF-β and VEGF). Conclusions: The cell-free supernatant/chitosan/polyethylene glycol (CFS/CS/PEG) biodegradable film could be introduced as a novel dressing for cutaneous wound healing. This transparent film enhances cutaneous wound healing by modulating infiltrated immunity cells and expressing inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines.
„Wahrheit“ als Ur-Intelligibilität des Lebens
Authors: Kühn Rolf ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: February 2022

As any science presupposes a certain “something” for its constitution as a discipline, the same applies also for philosophy and theology as discourses of a specific intentionality. However, pure phenomenological life relies on an originary self-donation, which precedes any manifestation of language or scientific knowledge, and implies a practical “original intelligibility”, pertaining to any human being as his “transcendental birth”. Relating to Michel Henry, this circumstance will be confronted with the self-revelation in Christianity, involving a discussion of the phenomenological status of the Scripture, as well as a delimitation from any Gnosis. Hence, the “word of life” (of God), preceding any manifestation of language, coincides with an immediate ethos, that can be illustrated by the “acts of compassion”. The text conceives itself as a preliminary work for a religious philosophy founded in the phenomenology of life.
Gift as God — God as Gift?
Authors: Tóth Beáta ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: February 2022

While the notion of gift has received much scholarly attention in recent philosophical discussion, theology appears as being too strongly dependent on philosophy by being oblivious of its own resources within the rich theological tradition concerning the Trinitarian community of loving gift exchange. After considering the possibility of a transition from a faith-informed phenomenology to phenomenologically inspired theology, the essay examines two early tests cases, Hilary of Poitiers and Augustine of Hippo, where the relationship these authors saw between gift and love within the life of the economic and the immanent Trinity can be archeologically traced.
On Unstable Ship Motions Resulting From Nonlinear Coupling
Authors: Paulling J. R. , Rosenberg R. M.
Published: February 2022

Nonlinear equations of motion of a ship having the three degrees of freedom of heave, pitch, and roll are investigated. The nonlinear terms are all of second order; they represent couplings between the degrees of freedom and, if they were ignored, coupling between some of the equations would be eliminated. It is shown that unstable motion may occur in any one of the degrees of freedom through excitation by one of the other two. Instabilities occur when the natural frequency in the unstable motion is nearly one half of that of the exciting motion, or when these natural frequencies are nearly equal. Experiments have been carried out for the roll-heave systems, and these have confirmed the analysis.
The Thin Ring Wing as a Means of Flow Improvement Upstream a Propeller
Authors: Sluchak Vladimir
Published: February 2022

There are numerous devices currently known with the purpose to reduce the irregularity of the flow upstream the propeller and lo decrease by that means the propeller-induced vibration and noise. Many of these devices are wing-shaped vertex-generators that affect the flow with their induced (i.e. passive) longitudinal vertices. The subject of the paper is the use of a ring-shaped wing as a highly effective passive vertex-generator which allows lo control the flow closer to the most charged sections of · propeller blades. The problem of a thin ring-shaped wing with irregular ( asymmetric) geometry in the irregular steady flow has been solved in linear approach and the intensity of the induced longitudinal vertices as a junction of the irregularity of the flow and the geometry of the ring wing has been estimated using that solution. Experiments in the towing tank showing good concordance with the theoretical model confirmed the effectiveness of such a device. Some additional advantages of a ring-shaped wing incorporated into the construction of stabilizers are considered.
Implementation of a Special Procedure for Modeling the Tip Clearance Flow in a Panel Method for Ducted Propulsors
Authors: Hughes Michael J.
Published: February 2022

A special procedure is presented to account for the influence of the flow through the tip gap of a ducted propulsor when the analysis of the ducted propulsor is performed using a boundary element method. Boundary element methods or panel methods have achieved a high /eve/ of refinement over the past decade and are now commonly used in the design and analysis of propulsors, including ducted propulsors. These methods have difficulty, however, directly representing the flow through the gap region between the tip of the propeller and the duct, which can significantly affect the prediction of the overall circulation and forces on both the duct and propeller. The method presented in this paper does not attempt to predict the details of the flow in the tip clearance region, but rather accounts for the effects of the gap flow on the global flow solution in order to obtain a more accurate prediction of the circulation and forces on the duel and propeller.
Anthropocene in Education and Education in Anthropocene: Public and Academic Discourses About the Future
Authors: Duoblienė Lilija , Garbauskaitė-Jakimovska Justina
Published: February 2022

The article analyses the future of education from the perspective of educational philosophy. First, the new peculiarities of the age are discussed, especially the philosophy that made a turn towards posthumanism and the new materialism, setting new goals for education. Then a public discourse study is presented – how the Lithuanian press (the main news portals) responds to the new challenges and sees the future of the Lithuanian school. And finally, the article reflects where the thoughts raised by public discourse lead and how far they reach compared to the new philosophy and challenges for the future.
What are the Needs of People Living in Remote Areas About the Essential Components of a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program?
Authors: Bernier Jessica , Lavoie Melissa , Poitras Marie-Eve
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an effective intervention to support patients in achieving their health objectives and in decreasing their risk of suffering from another myocardial infarction (MI). However, in several remote areas, no cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) exists to support patients having experienced an MI. Before the creation of an intervention CRP adapted to patients living in these areas, it is essential to describe patients and healthcare professionals' needs regarding cardiac rehabilitation care. Objective: This study describes the needs of remote patients and healthcare professionals for the essential components in a CR program following myocardial infarction and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Methods: A qualitative formative research study was conducted involving 10 men, 6 women, and 4 family physicians. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews and one focus group. Results: Results show that patients who have suffered an MI have multiple unmet needs. This gap may be due to the variability in follow-ups by healthcare professionals. In the absence of a cardiac rehabilitation program, these patients must adapt quickly to their new health condition. Discussion and conclusion: It is critical that the needs of patients living in remote areas are better addressed in cardiac rehabilitation. To do this, it is essential to create a CRP that is tailored to the needs of both patients and professionals, thus providing patient-centered care.
El futuro está por crear: temporalidad e imaginación en el Antropoceno
Authors: Muntadas Figueras Borja , Torrents Alba
Published: February 2022

La noción de Antropoceno, introducida por Crutzen, ha planteado nuevas concepciones de la temporalidad y nuevas formas de entender la relación entre lo natural y lo humano. Chakrabarty, por ejemplo, en su artículo «The climate of history: four thesis», nos explica que nos encontramos en un momento en el que hay que poner en duda la distinción entre historia humana e historia natural y empezar a considerar al ser humano como agente de cambio geológico. De este modo, Chakrabarty cuestiona la linealidad del tiempo histórico y la posibilidad del progreso, al tiempo que mantiene una postura crítica con las concepciones filosóficas de la historicidad.

En este artículo exploraremos de forma crítica diferentes concepciones de la historicidad, la temporalidad y el cambio a la luz de la noción simondoniana de individuación, que nos permitirá imaginar otras formas de relación entre lo humano y lo natural. Nuestro propósito es presentar nuevas formas de entender la temporalidad alejadas de la visión lineal de la historia, donde el cambio es mera adición estática de una diferencia específica a un conjunto de características genéricas. Ante las críticas a la noción de Antropoceno, vemos que este nos permite problematizar la relación entre el individuo y su entorno, y nos permite imaginar un nuevo marco para afrontar la nueva situación de crisis ecológica del nuevo milenio. Entender las ecologías específicas restituyendo su temporalidad en un sentido profundo es necesario para comprender esta nueva perspectiva del «fin de mundo», es decir, como un cambio radical en las condiciones materiales de existencia de la especie humana.
The Corporate Agility’s Barometer of The Construction Company
Authors: Locovs Jevgenijs , Gaile-Sarkane Elīna
Published: February 2022

Corporate agility is not a futuristic dream. It is a contemporary tool each construction company should have in its toolbox for daily use. In this article the authors identified and discussed the factors allowing to determine the level of construction company’s corporate flexibility. In their approach to determine all the major factors affecting construction company’s level of corporate flexibility, the authors used available data from different pertinent sources for systematic literature overviews; they also held interviews with experts in the field. For this purpose, the authors created questionnaire sets to evaluate the level of corporate flexibility within a given construction company. The questionnaire had to determine the existing situation in the company, its functionality within different departments, its collegiality and inter-relationships between co-workers, subordinates, and superiors, to explore the level of corporate flexibility, and much more. Based on the research results, it became possible to make a direct correlation between the level of the corporate flexibility of the given construction company and its performance. The already repeatedly mentioned corporate flexibility directly affected both corporate activities (supportive and primary) and internal and external environment. The research confirmed that corporate flexibility is the balance between the needed bureaucracy and organizational flexibility. In evaluating the results, the conclusion was made that in order to maximize the outcome of corporate efforts, focus should be made on several issues: measures to reduce bureaucracy, and most importantly, the scale of overly high level of responsiveness and flexibility, which may raise concerns about a chaotic and misbalanced structural organization within the company, when subsequent decisions should be made to improve the existing situation and prevent a potential danger.
The Role of Audience Segments on Media Consumption
Authors: Saulite Linda
Published: February 2022

The research aims to present the role of the media brand associations on media content consumption by Generation Z. Technological convergence and content distribution and accessibility via multi- platforms brought new patterns in media content consumption regarding volume, channel, device and time. Digitalisation and technology advancement brought utterly new aspects in media consumption. Due to accessibility, content is distributed and consumed via multiple platforms. Convergence between different demand and supply channels makes content consumption easier in the meantime; content supply becomes more cluttered with new media entering the market. Social network sites created new possibilities for content distribution, readership, branding. Content consumption on-demand and via multi-platforms bring not only possibilities for media brands but also challenges. Media brands should reinvent their branding strategies as content consumption via multi-platforms dilutes brand associations, and therefore more and more of the audience becoming indifferent to media brands and more focused on content experience. Jenkins (2008) referred that consumers content consumption behaviour now is mobile, non-linear, modular, and not device/outlet/platform dependent. The main impact of the increasing audience fragmentation, the development of distribution channels, and the advancement of technology that allows for time and platform shifting according to the audience's immediate needs all contribute to an environment where the value of media brand or channel branding is valued might be diminishing. For Generation Z, this behaviour is even more pronounced as they consume traditional media below average and prefer media content on online platforms, access online content via mobile devices, use social media more than other age groups and choose international media and social network platforms over local media content. Changes create difficulties for national media brands to attract and grow the future audience – Generation Z. This audience use less local media content, use less media content in their national language, and consume it via social media platforms. The author analyses the consumption trends of national media brands in Latvia and highlights the significant brand associations that positively impact media brand content consumption for a younger media audience. The research shows that the distinctive content seamless and appropriate content experience to each consumption platform positively influences and strengthens media brand associations and, therefore, increase media brand usage. The more the target audience feels connected, engaged and associated with the media brand community, the more it feels towards the media brand. Thus, the research confirms many scholars findings that audience becomes a significant part of media brand and interaction or content experience is crucial for building media brand associations.
Synthesis and optical properties of ultra-small Tin doped CsPbBr3 blue luminescence quantum dots
Authors: Zeng Fan-Ju , Tan Yong-Qian , Hu Wei  , Tang Xiao-Sheng , Zhang Xiao-Mei , Yin Hai-Feng ,   School of Big Data Engineering, Kaili University, Kaili 556011, China,   College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China,   College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
Published: February 2022

All-inorganic perovskite CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br and I) quantum dots (QDs) have been wildly utilized in optoelectronic devices due to their tunable photoluminescence, high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), and narrow-line width photoluminescence. However, the blue luminescence PLQY of CsPbX3 perovskite quantum dots is still lower than their red and green luminescence counterparts (PLQYs nearly 100%). Here in this work, we present a handy strategy to synthesise the ultra-small blue luminescence Tin-doped CsPbBr3 perovskite QDs by supersaturated recrystallization synthetic approach at room temperature, and the particle size of as-prepared QDs is lower than 4 nm. The crystal structure and optical property of Tin doped CsPbBr3 QDs are characterized by XRD, TEM, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results show that the particle size of as-prepared QDs is slightly shrunk from 3.33 nm (SnBr2 0.03 mmol) to 2.23 nm (SnBr2 0.06 mmol) as the SnBr2 adding quantity increases, but there is no obvious change in the lattice spacing of doped QDs. The partial substitution of Pb for Tin leads the optical spectra to blue-shift from 490 nm (SnBr2 0.03 mmol) to 472 nm (SnBr2 0.06 mmol). The highest PLQY and the strongest XRD diffraction of ultra-small Tin doped CsPbBr3blue luminescence QDs are obtained by adding SnBr2 0.05 mmol, and the blue luminescence peak is located at 472 nm with the PLQY of 53.4%. There is no any change in PL peak of Tin doped CsPbBr3 QDs (SnBr2 0.05 mmol) by storing it under the ambient atmosphere for 15 days, and the PLQY of Sn2+ doped QDs is still 80% of the initial after 15 days. It is concluded that the crystallization and optical property can be effectively improved in Tin doped CsPbBr3 QDs by partially replacing appropriate quantity of Pb by Tin.
Influence of sensory modality and control dynamics on human path integration
Authors: Stavropoulos Akis , Lakshminarasimhan Kaushik J , Laurens Jean , Pitkow Xaq , Angelaki Dora E
Published: February 2022

Path integration is a sensorimotor computation that can be used to infer latent dynamical states by integrating self-motion cues. We studied the influence of sensory observation (visual/vestibular) and latent control dynamics (velocity/acceleration) on human path integration using a novel motion-cueing algorithm. Sensory modality and control dynamics were both varied randomly across trials, as participants controlled a joystick to steer to a memorized target location in virtual reality. Visual and vestibular steering cues allowed comparable accuracies only when participants controlled their acceleration, suggesting that vestibular signals, on their own, fail to support accurate path integration in the absence of sustained acceleration. Nevertheless, performance in all conditions reflected a failure to fully adapt to changes in the underlying control dynamics, a result that was well explained by a bias in the dynamics estimation. This work demonstrates how an incorrect internal model of control dynamics affects navigation in volatile environments in spite of continuous sensory feedback.
Transcriptional heterogeneity of ventricular zone cells in the ganglionic eminences of the mouse forebrain
Authors: Lee Dongjin R , Rhodes Christopher , Mitra Apratim , Zhang Yajun , Maric Dragan , Dale Ryan K , Petros Timothy J
Published: February 2022

The ventricular zone (VZ) of the nervous system contains radial glia cells that were originally considered relatively homogenous in their gene expression, but a detailed characterization of transcriptional diversity in these VZ cells has not been reported. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize transcriptional heterogeneity of neural progenitors within the VZ and subventricular zone (SVZ) of the ganglionic eminences (GEs), the source of all forebrain GABAergic neurons. By using a transgenic mouse line to enrich for VZ cells, we characterize significant transcriptional heterogeneity, both between GEs and within spatial subdomains of specific GEs. Additionally, we observe differential gene expression between E12.5 and E14.5 VZ cells, which could provide insights into temporal changes in cell fate. Together, our results reveal a previously unknown spatial and temporal genetic diversity of VZ cells in the ventral forebrain that will aid our understanding of initial fate decisions in the forebrain.
Sarcopenia is not associated with inspiratory muscle strength but with expiratory muscle strength among older adults requiring long-term care/support
Authors: Sawaya Yohei , Shiba Takahiro , Ishizaka Masahiro , Hirose Tamaki , Sato Ryo , Kubo Akira , Urano Tomohiko
Published: February 2022

Background

Recently, the concept of respiratory sarcopenia has been advocated, but evidence is lacking regarding which respiratory parameters are appropriate indicators. Therefore, we investigated the association between sarcopenia, respiratory function, and respiratory muscle strength to identify the most appropriate parameters for respiratory sarcopenia.

Methods

We included 124 older adults (67 men, 57 women; average age 77.2 ± 8.3 years) requiring long-term care/support who underwent Day Care for rehabilitation. Handgrip strength, usual gait speed, and skeletal muscle mass were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Participants were then diagnosed with sarcopenia using the algorithm of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. Parameters of respiratory function (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1.0], FEV1.0%, and peak expiratory flow rate) and respiratory muscle strength (maximal expiratory pressure [MEP] and maximal inspiratory pressure) were also measured according to American Thoracic Society guidelines. Respiratory parameters significantly related to sarcopenia were identified using binomial logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses.

Results

Seventy-seven participants were classified as having sarcopenia. Binomial logistic regression analysis showed that MEP was the only respiratory parameter significantly associated with sarcopenia. The cut-off MEP value for predicting sarcopenia was 47.0 cmH20 for men and 40.9 cmH20 for women.

Conclusions

The most appropriate parameter for assessing respiratory sarcopenia may be MEP, which is an indicator of expiratory muscle strength, rather than FVC, MIP, or PEFR, as suggested in previous studies. Measuring MEP is simpler than measuring respiratory function parameters. Moreover, it is expected to have clinical applications such as respiratory sarcopenia screening.
Incidence and Morphology of Accessory Head of Flexor Pollicis Longus in Telangana, India
Authors: Vedapriya K Aparna , Samala Niveditha
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL) may have accessory slips which arise from lateral or medial border of coronoid process of ulna and medial epicondyle of humerus. The accessory slip of FPL is known as Accessory Head of Flexor Pollicis Longus (AHFPL) or Gantzer’s Muscle. Aim: To study the incidence and morphology of AHFPL and the relationship of AHFPL with Median Nerve (MN) and Anterior Interosseous Nerve (AIN) in Telangana population. Materials and Methods: The present study was an observational study, conducted on 25 cadavers (21 male, 4 female) for a period of 18 months (July 2019-December 2020) in Department of Anatomy, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The cadavers which were used for dissection by first year MBBS students were included in the present study and the cadavers with scars, deformities and with congenital anomalies were excluded from the present study. Results: In the present study, AHFPL was found in 58% upper limbs. It was bilateral in 40%, unilateral in 18% upper limbs. The shape of AHFPL was fusiform in majority of (86.2%) upper limbs. It originated from the coronoid process of ulna in 62% and from medial epicondyle of humerus in 38% upper limbs, inserted by joining with tendon of FPL. The AHFPL was innervated by AIN in all the cases and this nerve was located posterior to AHFPL in majority of (83%) upper limbs, posterolateral in few (17%) upper limbs. The MN was related anterior to the AHFPL in most of the upper limbs. Conclusion: In the present study, AHFPL was found in 58% upper limbs. Bilateral occurrence (40%) was common than unilateral (18%). The presence of AHFPL can cause AIN syndrome, pronator teres syndrome. The knowledge of AHFPL would be useful for both physicians and surgeons to know the aetiology and management of compression neuropathy/nerve entrapment syndrome.
Assessing Tomato Marketing Efficiency in Selected Agro-Ecological Zones of Ghana
Authors: Shafiwu Adinan Bahahudeen , Cobbina Tawiah Mensah
Published: February 2022

Tomatoes are a crucial component in the diets of Ghanaian households and contribute significantly to the nutritional needs of most rural and peri-urban farmers. However, tomato marketing and its related activities in Ghana are low compared to its production. Against this backdrop, this study examines the marketing efficiency of tomatoes in selected agro-ecological zones of Ghana. A snowball technique was used to determine 65 market players from four (4) major markets of the three agro-ecological sectors. Using marketing margins and the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, we analyze the marketing efficiency of actors in the tomato value chain and the determinants of farmer's marketing efficiency. The results revealed that farmers' marketing efficiency (ME) was higher than ME of wholesalers but not as high as those attained by retailers; however, farmers had the least market power. The results further revealed that variables such as education, experience in tomato farming, membership in FBO, GSZ location, price of tomato, cost of storage and post-harvest losses significantly affect ME of farmers. The study recommends that the government invest in efficient transportation and storage infrastructure to reduce transportation and storage costs in the tomato value chain. Government should also strengthen the buffer stock program to buy farm produce and stabilize prices to minimize exploitative power of market queens and retailers in the tomato value chain.
One-step Hybrid Block Method for Directly Solving Fifth-order Initial Value Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Duromola M. K. , Momoh A. L. , Adeleke J. M.
Published: February 2022

An effective one-step hybrid block for getting the approximate solution of a fifth-order IVP with applications to problems in the sciences and engineering is constructed in this study. The mathematical formulation of the method is based on the principle of interpolation and collocation of the trial solution and its derivatives at the chosen equidistant grid and off-grid points. The basic properties of the derived method are examined, and it has an order greater than one, zero stable, consistent, and hence convergent. The derived method is applied to solve five different linear and nonlinear fifth-order initial value problems. Comparison of the absolute errors obtained using the derived method with a few existing ones in the literature supports its good performance.
A Study of Safety and Effectiveness of Intra Venous Iron Sucrose Therapy in Pregnant Women Suffering From Moderate to Severe Iron Deficiency Anaemia Disease
Authors: Rajput Heena , Amin Kinnari , Kadikar Bhamini , Shah Nilesh , Shah Kalgi , Shah Ishan
Published: February 2022

Aims & Objectives: To determine the effectiveness and safety of IV Iron sucrose therapy in antenatal women with moderate to severe Iron deficiency anaemia.

Methodology: It is a retrospective study with secondary data analysis. We have analyzed the data collected from January 2019 to December 2019 at the Nootan general hospital, Visnagar, Gujarat, India. Analysis of antenatal  women with moderate to severe anaemia (Hb 6 to 8gm%) in the second trimester  and early third trimester(20 to 34weeks of gestation) are done during their  routine antenatal care  who were prescribed Intravenous Iron sucrose in a standard-dose of 1000 mg given as 200 mg on alternate days after confirming the iron deficiency anaemia. Effectiveness of the therapy has been studied by comparing the Hb level at the point baseline where start of the treatment and 4 week or more after the last treatment was given (endline). The safety profile of the therapy has been assessed by noticing any adverse drug reaction after starting the infusion.

Results: Mean increase in Hb in cases of moderate & severe anaemia was 3.69 g/dl (1.19) and 3.91 (1.25) g/dl respectively. Overall rise of Haemoglobin was 3.79 g/dl (1.1)(95% CL: 3.35, 4.23).  Calculated p value in our study is < 0.001 which is statistically significant.

Conclusion: The mean rise in Haemoglobin level in our study was 3.79 g/dL when 1000 mg of Intra venous iron sucrose was given to antenatal women with moderate as well as severe anaemia is concerned. The magnitude of the anaemia difference is directly proportional rise of haemoglobin level. The amount of haemoglobin rise is seen more in severe anaemic antenatal patients compared with moderate antenatal patients. We recommend that Intravenous iron sucrose therapy should be included as second choice for severely anaemic pregnant women where situation is not supportive for blood transfusion or patient is noncompliant.
Critical Review of Polymer Flooding in Daqing Field and Pelican Field: Case Studies of the World’s Largest Polymer Flooding in Light and Heavy Oil Reservoirs, Respectively
Authors: Ezeh Okechukwu , Ikiensikimama Sunday Sunday , Akaranta Onyewuchi
Published: February 2022

Aim: Polymer flooding is a promising chemical enhanced oil recovery. Originally it was thought that polymer flooding was not economical. The polymer flooding in Daqing field China has proved otherwise. After that, it was thought that polymer flooding could only be successful in light oil reservoirs, but then polymer flooding was implemented in Pelican field in Canada on a large scale and recorded success.

Methodology: The methodology employed was to review polymer flooding from inception, beginning from the work of Kingsley Detling in 1944 who got a patent in the USA to late 1970’s, thus early history of polymer flooding was a good insight for this paper. The mechanism of polymer flooding was also captured; improving the mobility ratio of water with a water soluble polymer is what helps for better sweep efficiency. The successful polymer flooding in Daqing field China has made many companies to understand this technology and go for polymer flooding. Polymer flooding of Daqing field has helped China’s oil and gas industry. Polymer flooding is now used to recover heavy oil especially for deep reservoirs with thin pay zone. Pelican field in Canada has carried out the largest polymer flooding implementation in the world and has proven that polymer flooding can be used for heavy oil and given a new screening parameter for polymer flooding. 

Results: This review has captured the critical aspects of polymer flooding both in light oil reservoirs-Daqing field, China and heavy oil reservoirs-Pelican field, Canada.

Conclusion: This review has proven that polymer flooding is a promising Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery technology in both light oil and heavy oil reservoirs and it is used to increase the ultimate recovery of some fields and could help any country to remain relevant in the oil and gas sector. Using polymer flooding to recover heavy oil proves more efficient and  more economical. Because, polymer flooding does not require a lot of heat as in thermal flooding, there is reduction in global green house gas effect.

Recommendation: It is recommended that companies use polymer flooding to recover their oil from light oil reservoirs and most importantly increase production and recovery in heavy oil fields.
Cu‐catalyzed vinylamination of S‐alkylisothiouronium salts with maleimide and alkylamines
Authors: Zhou Xueying , Xu Yaling , Wang Caihong , Wu Ge
Published: February 2022

We reported a copper‐catalyzed vinylamination of S‐alkylisothiouronium salts with maleimide and organic amines with the assistance of FeCl3, enabling the preparation of structurally diverse aminoalkylthiolated maleimides and applying them to late‐stage modification of pharmaceuticals. Importantly, this strategy makes it possible to introduce the SCD3 functional group into the maleimide skeleton by using the prepared S‐trideuteromethyl isothiouronium iodide. Preliminary mechanistic investigation shows that FeCl3 is essential to the current multi‐component reaction by triggering S‐alkylisothiouronium salts.
Neuartige Methode zum Ermüdungsnachweis bestehender Straßenbrücken mittels Monitoring – Anwendungsbeispiel einer Straßenbrücke in der Schweiz
Authors: Touilbi Abdelhak , Brühwiler Eugen
Published: February 2022

Der Regelermüdungsnachweis für Straßenbrücken nach Eurocode kann mit dem aus einem Einzelfahrzeug bestehenden Ermüdungslastmodell ELM3 und den sogenannten Schadensäquivalenzfaktoren λi geführt werden, ohne das aufwendige Ermüdungslastmodell ELM4 mit mehreren Fahrzeugtypen anwenden zu müssen. Allerdings unterliegt dieser Regelnachweis Einschränkungen. So können beispielsweise Brücken mit Stützweiten oder Einflusslinienlängen außerhalb des Intervalls [10 m – 80 m] nicht nachgewiesen werden. Darüber hinaus wird ein messdatengestützter Ermüdungsnachweis vorgestellt. Dabei kann der Schadenäquivalenzfaktor λ1 für Monitoringdaten berechnet und ausgewertet werden. Aufbauend auf dem vorliegenden Regelermüdungsnachweis nach Eurocode wird in diesem Beitrag eine Methode zum Ermüdungsnachweis vorgeschlagen, die auf der Tragwerksantwort der zu untersuchenden Bauwerke fußt. Mithilfe dieser Methode lässt sich der Schadenäquivalenzfaktor λ1 für beliebige Einflusslinienlängen und Monitoringspektren ohne Einschränkungen ermitteln.
Fault clustering by small‐entropy nonnegative matrix factorizations
Authors: Jia Qilong
Published: February 2022

Fault clustering attempts to partition a set of faulty samples into several clusters, allowing the exploration of the underlying pattern of faults. Nonnegative matrix factorizations (NMFs) are good candidates for fault clustering since they are inherently capable of data clustering and variants of the ‐means algorithm. However, NMFs always show poor performance in real‐world clustering applications for their naive data clustering mechanism. To improve the clustering performance of the existing NMFs and solve the fault clustering problem, this paper proposes a new type of NMFs, called small‐entropy nonnegative matrix factorizations (SENMFs). SENMFs impose a small amount of entropy on the cluster probability distribution of each sample to avoid ambiguous clustering results. Moreover, the algorithm for SENMFs is convergent in theory. We selected three types of faulty samples of the penicillin fermentation process for fault clustering. The case study results showed that SENMFs exceed the state‐of‐the‐art NMFs and ‐means in terms of fault clustering performance.
Covalently cross‐linked hydrogels: Mechanisms of nonlinear viscoelasticity
Authors: Kamkar Milad , Janmaleki Mohsen , Erfanian Elnaz , Sanati‐Nezhad Amir , Sundararaj Uttandaraman
Published: February 2022

Gelatin‐based hydrogels have been widely used in tissue engineering, three‐dimensional cell culture, drug delivery, and cell therapy. The mechanical behaviour of hydrogels combined with their chemical properties determines their functionality and efficacy. With respect to the mechanical behaviour of hydrogels, the vast majority of publications have reported their linear viscoelastic response. However, for practical conditions in the body, these materials experience large deformations beyond the linear viscoelastic limit. Herein, to mimic practical conditions and to evaluate the mechanical response of the hydrogels subjected to large deformations, we report inter‐ and intra‐cycle nonlinear viscoelastic behaviour of a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel with different concentrations of the hydrogel precursor (10%–20% [w/v]) under large amplitude oscillatory shear deformation. To achieve this, we used a novel technique by chemically bonding the hydrogels to treated glass slides, which were attached to the oscillating metal plates using a double‐sided tape to alleviate any error arising from wall slip during rheological measurements. The results show that the elasticity of the covalently cross‐linked hydrogels at large deformations obeys a nonlinear force‐extension law and that the viscous intra‐cycle nonlinearity at moderate deformations stems from the dual cross‐linked (DC; i.e., physical and chemical) nature of the GelMA hydrogel. It was also shown that viscoelastic parameters can be tuned by the concentration of the hydrogel precursor, that is, yield stress increased from 2.6–7.1 kPa, critical strain amplitude decreased from γ0 = 100%–70%, and the onset of inter‐cycle nonlinearity shifted from γ0 = 50%–20% upon increasing the concentration of the hydrogel precursor. These insights have important implications for the rational development of hydrogel‐based biomaterials to design biocompatible scaffolds in tissue engineering applications.
Erschließung geothermischer Lagerstätten mittels Hochdruck‐Wasserstrahl Bohrtechnik
Authors: Hahn Simon , Polat Berker , Jamali Shahin , Wittig Volker , Bracke Rolf
Published: February 2022

High‐pressure water jet drilling technologies are widely used in the drilling industry. Especially in geothermal and hard rock applications, jet drilling is, however, confronted with several limitations like lateral length, hole size, steerability and jetability of the reservoir rock. The application of jet drilling technologies in the field can only be estimated based on the experience of the operator and surface experiments imitating downhole conditions. To predict a successful jetting operation in the field, a modelling framework has been developed, which considers operational and technical parameters as well as reservoir rock specifications. The framework consists of calibrated models describing downhole hydraulics and mechanics during the jetting operation and estimates the required technical equipment to successfully penetrate the reservoir rock and the maximum achievable lateral length for various hole configurations. The modelling framework is applied on a theoretical case study.
Geomechanische Reservoircharakterisierung in Bayern im Rahmen der Geothermie‐Allianz Bayern
Authors: Potten Martin , Bohnsack Daniel , Käsling Heiko , Thuro Kurosch
Published: February 2022

To increase the use of geothermal energy in Bavaria, the subsurface, which serves as a reservoir, must be explored as precisely as possible. In the projects of the Geothermal‐Alliance Bavaria, the most promising areas for geothermal exploration in Bavaria were characterised based on an extensive geomechanical laboratory testing program which was carried out on both drill cores and analogue samples from quarries. In the North Alpine Foreland Basin (SE Germany), the geomechanical test results on Upper Jurassic carbonate rocks show a high heterogeneity. On the contrary, in the Franconian Basin (NE Bavaria) the geomechanical properties of granite analogues are rather homogenous. For the numerical simulation of the borehole stability, the determined parameters from ultrasonic‐ and compression tests serve as input parameters for different scenarios. For both locations, the determination of the failure depth around the borehole and the stress distribution in the near‐field of the borehole were accomplished. In the North Alpine Foreland Basin, the borehole stability decreases with increasing depth. For all scenarios in NE Bavaria, the borehole stability is very low. In the future, the determined parameter ranges will allow to validate already existing models and to develop new ones. This will enable a better knowledge of the sedimentary and crystalline reservoirs and a more effective use of geothermal energy in Bavaria.
Strukturdominierte Reaktion des geothermischen Reservoirs während Stützmitteleintrag in Geretsried, Bayern
Authors: Backers Tobias , Kahnt René , Stockinger Georg
Published: February 2022

As a source of sustainable, renewable, and clean energy, deep geothermal systems increasingly gain importance for the energy transition. In Germany, the North Alpine Foreland Basin is the success story for hydrothermal systems. Besides successful projects in the Munich area, recent attempts to establish successfully operating geothermal wells southwards, e.g., in Geretsried, failed due to a lack of permeability of the rock mass. Subsequent research in Geretsried found that all existing discontinuities are low to non‐productive. The current project ZoKrateS, rethinking the Geretsried reservoir being a petrothermal play, bypasses these limitations by stimulating the existing fractures, and trying to keep them conductive by embedding proppants that prevent full closure. Four detached sections of the well GEN‐1ST‐A1 were subject to individual stages of stimulation. These four sections have been stimulated by placing proppants at injection pressures below the in‐situ least principal stress at no microseismic activity. After injection the communication between well and formation appeared to be increased. Although data processing is still ongoing, linear correlations between cumulative injected volume and quasi‐static pressure may be interpreted as channel flow within highly disturbed rock masses at intersections of faults. The high elasticity of these sections enables even low pressure to cause discontinuity opening below the least principal stress.
Einsatz einer Knautschzone bei der Sanierung des Gotschnatunnels, Klosters (CH)
Authors: Tschötschel Marco , Balthaus Hansgeorg , Beeler Patrick , Schwalt Markus , Seith Oliver
Published: February 2022

During the renovation of the Gotschna Tunnel from 2019 to 2020, prefabricated elements made of Compex were used for the first time as a deformable yielding zone in the invert zone. The client, construction management, construction company and supplier of the compressible elements worked closely together to implement the design specifications. Consequently, the expectations of the special building material in terms of the production quality of the prefabricated elements and handling on the construction site were more than met. The parties involved in the construction thus see potential for further applications and further developments of Compex.
Groundwater recharge over the past 100 years: Regional spatiotemporal assessment and climate change impact over the Saguenay‐Lac‐Saint‐Jean region, Canada
Authors: Boumaiza Lamine , Walter Julien , Chesnaux Romain , Lambert Mélanie , Jha Madan Kumar , Wanke Heike , Brookfield Andrea , Batelaan Okke , Galvão Paulo , Laftouhi Nour‐Eddine , Stumpp Christine
Published: February 2022

Proper knowledge of potential groundwater recharge (PGR) and its spatiotemporal distribution are essential for sustainable groundwater management, especially within the context of climate change. Here, a robust GIS‐based water budget framework was developed to estimate PGR at a regional scale and map its spatial distribution. This framework is demonstrated over the Saguenay‐Lac‐Saint‐Jean region (13 200 km2) of Quebec (Canada). The PGR mapping process was based on a model incorporating water budget components. The vertical inflows (VI) include water amounts from rainfall and snowmelt, whereby the latter was assessed using HYDROTEL model. VI were combined with the maximum and minimum temperatures to estimate actual evapotranspiration (AET), while the surface runoff (RuS) was assessed using the curve number method. Field observations of annual variation in temperatures and the water budget components, over a period of 100 years (1910–2009), were used to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of climate change on PGR. The last 10 years of the observation period (i.e., 2000–2009) indicate that 6% of the study area has PGR rates of 35%–50%. PGR rates of 20%–35% occur in 58% of the study area, while 36% have PGR of 5%–20%. The trend analysis of temperature time series reveals an average of 1.1 ± 0.6°C increase over 100 years. Also, an increase in the water budget components is observed. Despite the increasing trends of RuS and AET, PGR still showed an increasing trend with an average increase of 0.7 ± 0.4 mm/year over the past 100 years. This observation indicates that the increase in VI was enough to compensate for the increases in AET and RuS. This finding of an increasing PGR in the study area provides useful information for future studies focusing on predicting long‐term PGR evolution and for the development of efficient long‐term groundwater management strategies.