Keberhasilan ibu bekerja memberikan ASI eksklusif
Authors: Anggraeni Intan Agustina , Nurdiati Detty Siti , Padmawati Retna Siwi 
Published: August 2016

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><em><strong>Background:</strong> Indonesia faces double burden of nutritional problems, namely undernutrition and </em><em>overnutrition. Exclusive breastfeeding may prevent infants from these kind of malnutritions. Working mothers </em><em>are difficult to give exclusive breastfeeding due to some constraints and poor lactation management.</em></p><p><em><strong>Objectives</strong>: To explore the experience of working mothers who succeeded in providing exclusive </em><em>breastfeeding.</em></p><p><em><strong>Methods</strong>: This was qualitative study using phenomenology design. It was conducted at Subdistrict of </em><em>Sedayu, District of Bantul. Subjects were 13 mothers who purposively selected, work and have been </em><em>successful provided exclusive breastfeeding, had children aged 6-24 months. Data were obtained through</em><br /><em>in-depth interview to the respondents and observation of lactation facilities at the working place. Data </em><em>triangualation was performed through interview with husbands, baby sitters, colleagues and chairman of </em><em>mother’s workplace.</em></p><p><em><strong>Results</strong>: Exploration of several information were studied, including intention to give exclusive breastfeeding, </em><em>positive attitudes toward exclusive breastfeeding, perceived norms from social references, good self effi</em><em>cacy, cultural aspect of breastfeeding, skills of lactation management, and environmental constraint</em><br /><em>experienced by mother. Intention of mothers during pregnancy was associated with behavior in providing </em><em>exclusive breastfeeding. Intention to give exclusive breastfeeding was infl uenced by positive attitude and</em><em>self-efficacy. There was difference in self-efficacy that influenced intention of mothers working in formal and </em><em>informal sectors. Working mothers at formal and informal sectors differed in managing lactation. Despite </em><em>some constraints and limited facilities mothers kept trying to provide exclusive breastfeeding.</em></p><p><em><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Working mothers have a specific strategy to succeed in providing exclusive breastfeeding.</em><em>Education, facilities, and breastfeeding policies in workplace should be given to working mothers.</em></p><p><strong>KEYWORDS</strong><em>: exclusive breastfeeding, intention, lactation management, working mothers</em></p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p><em><strong>Latar belakang</strong>: Indonesia menghadapi beban ganda masalah gizi, yakni gizi kurang dan gizi lebih. Salah </em><em>satu cara untuk mencegah masalah gizi pada bayi adalah dengan memberikan ASI eksklusif. Ibu yang </em><em>bekerja sulit untuk memberikan ASI eksklusif karena kendala yang tidak dapat diatasi dan manajemen </em><em>laktasi yang buruk.</em></p><p><em><strong>Tujuan</strong>: Untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman ibu bekerja di sektor formal dan informal yang sukses </em><em>memberikan ASI eksklusif.</em></p><p><em><strong>Metode</strong>: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Penelitian </em><em>dilakukan di Kecamatan Sedayu, Kabupaten Bantul. Subjek diambil secara purposive sebanyak 13 orang. </em><em>Kriteria inklusi subjek adalah ibu yang bekerja dan berhasil memberikan ASI eksklusif, memiliki anak usia </em><em>6-24 bulan dan bersedia menjadi subjek penelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam </em><em>dengan responden dan observasi fasilitas laktasi di tempat kerja. Triangulasi data dilakukan dengan </em><em>mewawancarai suami, pengasuh, rekan kerja, dan pemimpin.</em></p><p><em><strong>Hasil</strong>: Hasil penggalian informasi meliputi intensi ibu dalam memberikan ASI eksklusif, sikap positif </em><em>terhadap ASI eksklusif, norma yang dipersepsikan dari lingkungan sosial, efikasi diri yang baik, budaya </em><em>menyusui, keterampilan manajemen laktasi, dan hambatan lingkungan yang dialami oleh ibu. Intensi </em><em>untuk menyusui eksklusif telah dimiliki oleh ibu sejak hamil. Ibu yang bekerja di sektor formal memiliki </em><em>perbedaan dalam melakukan manajemen laktasi dibandingkan dengan ibu yang bekerja di sektor informal. </em><em>Ibu mengalami beberapa hambatan dan keterbatasan, namun ibu tetap berjuang untuk memberikan ASI </em><em>eksklusif.</em></p><p><em><strong>Kesimpulan</strong>: Ibu bekerja memiliki strategi tertentu untuk mencapai keberhasilan dalam memberikan ASI </em><em>eksklusif. Pendidikan, penyediaan fasilitas, dan kebijakan menyusui di tempat bekerja perlu diberikan </em><em>kepada ibu bekerja.</em></p><p><strong>KATA KUNCI</strong><em>: ASI eksklusif, ibu bekerja, intensi, manajemen laktasi</em></p>