bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fear and (Self) Loathing in Coleridge Close: Management in Crisis in the 1970s Sitcom
Authors: Hancock Philip
Published: August 2008

In this paper my ambition is to contribute to the study of images of organizing in popular culture in two ways. Drawing in particular on the work of the German philosopher and critical theorist Ernst Bloch, I firstly argue for the utility of a dialectical approach to the interrogation of cultural artefacts, one that recognizes the co-existence of both ideological and critical content as integral to the artefact itself. I then illustrate this approach through a textual analysis of several British television situation comedies of the 1970s. In doing so, I argue that throughout this period it is possible to discern a deep-seated cultural unease with the role and legitimacy of organizational management within what was an unstable industrial and economic environment. I conclude by reflecting not only on the implications of this particular finding, but also on the utility of adopting such a theoretical orientation. One that simultaneously attends to both the deeply ideological content and structure of such material while, at the same time, retaining an orientation prepared to pursue the critical and potentially utopian content that remains within.
`What the Hell is That?': The Representation of Professional Service Markets in The Simpsons
Authors: Ellis Nick
Published: August 2008

This paper makes productive connections between two forms of representation—formal scholarship on professional service workers and their depictions in The Simpsons cartoon series. In considering the show's representations of Attorney Lionel Hutz and Dr Nick Riviera, I ponder the ways in which the market-based behaviours of these `expert' individuals are so repeatedly targeted for satire. Through a detailed dissection of The Simpsons' scripts, I demonstrate how, on the one hand, the show to a large degree reflects critical thinking on the nature of the `professional project' yet, on the other, offers some rather more ambivalent, even sympathetic, notions of professional identity.
Dance-work: Images of Organization in Irish Dance
Authors: Kavanagh Donncha , Kuhling Carmen , Keohane Kieran
Published: August 2008

The Irish economic boom, commonly known as the Celtic Tiger, provides an interesting and unique opportunity to explore the relationship between the profound shifts in the organization of working life and in the production and consumption of culture. In this paper, we confine our inquiry into the relationship with one aspect of popular culture, namely dance, focusing on the phenomenon of Riverdance which emerged contemporaneously with the Celtic Tiger. We argue that both are deeply immersed in larger organizing discourses, historical narratives about national identity and civilizing attempts to control the body. We identify three distinct `moments' in the development of Irish dance, which we label as pre-national, `Traditional' Ireland; national, `Modern', Parochial Ireland and global, `Post-modern' Ireland. This provides a narrative through which we explore the transformation of working relations in Ireland during the 19th and 20th centuries.
Dancing Amidst the Flames: Imagination and Self-Organization in a Minor Key
Authors: Shukaitis Stevphen
Published: August 2008

Drawing from Deleuze and Guattari's (1986) formulation of the concept of a `minor literature' and Nick Thoburn's extension of this into a `minor politics' (2003a) this paper examines the relation between the workings of the imagination and forms of self-organization found within anticapitalist organizing of the Industrial Workers of the World and related movements. This paper explores the modulations of the social imaginary found within these particular examples as indicative of a more general process of minor composition. Rather than affirming an already existing and known subjective position (of the people, the workers), it will be argued that rather such campaigns have playfully and strategically redirected and appropriated the social energies found within pop culture to articulate their demands.
Pop (Culture) Goes the Organization: On Highbrow, Lowbrow and Hybrids in Studying Popular Culture Within Organization Studies
Authors: Rehn Alf
Published: August 2008

Do we need to study popular culture within organization studies, and exactly what is it we do if we choose to do so? Is it nothing more than organizational scholars co-opting yet another discipline, or is there an independent contribution to be made? I will in this text argue that in order to develop, organization studies must find its own identity in relation to cultural studies, and that the search for this must by necessity include the study of hybrid cultural forms. Such forms, which are neither highbrow nor properly lowbrow, challenge common assumptions about what `popular' in fact means in the field, and points towards the need for a more complex theory of how images of management and organization are consumed, disseminated and re-created from the world of popular culture into the world of the contemporary organization and back again.
Office and Policy Payoffs in Coalition Governments
Authors: Debus Marc
Published: August 2008

According to theories on coalition formation, parties with a key position in the coalition game receive higher office and policy payoffs than their coalition partners. In this article, I use two models of government-formation — the portfolio allocation model and the political heart model — to identify key players in the coalition game. Both models are modified to incorporate institutional and political constraints on coalition-formation, and the predictions of key parties from the four models are compared with the governments that actually formed in five European countries: Austria (1983—2002), Belgium (1985—2003), Germany (1980— 2005), Ireland (1982—2002) and The Netherlands (1977—2003). I argue that the modified models are preferred to the original ones on both theoretical and empirical grounds. Using the key parties identified by the modified models, I find that if a coalition member is a key party, then it is able to assert its policy views more effectively than its coalition partners can, but, contrary to expectations in the literature, that it is unable to capture a surpassing share of cabinet offices.
The Power of Sex and Incumbency
Authors: Murray Rainbow
Published: August 2008

In France's 2002 legislative elections, parties spectacularly failed to respect the `parity' requirement of an equal number of male and female candidates. Women remained a minority, especially in safe seats, where heavy priority was given to the (usually male) incumbents. Parties defended this practice, claiming that it was better to field incumbents than newcomers, and that fielding a woman might cost them the seat. Although these claims were strongly refuted by feminist organizations, they have been difficult to (dis)prove, as women are often placed in the toughest seats and therefore tend to perform badly in the polls. This article helps resolve the argument with a longitudinal study of electoral performance. By comparing candidates within the same seat over several elections, and controlling for swing, the study separates candidate and seat effects to allow an objective evaluation. The results suggest that it is parties, not the electorate, that are discriminating against women.
Mandates, Parties and Dissent
Authors: Kunicova Jana , Remington Thomas Frederick
Published: August 2008

Russia's mixed electoral system offers an excellent opportunity to study the effects of electoral rules on party discipline in legislative voting. Under the rules in force from the 1993 to 2003 elections, one half of the Russian Duma's members were elected on party lists, while the remaining half were elected by plurality vote in single-member districts (SMDs). The existing literature has found inconclusive evidence for the direction and magnitude of the effect of such mandate-type differences on the level of party discipline in floor voting. Using a comprehensive database of electronically recorded votes in the Duma in the period between 1994 and 2003 and a panel data structure, we examine the influence of this hybrid system on factional voting cohesion for votes on budget bills. The panel structure permits a more sensitive and rigorous research design than has been employed in previous research. We find modest evidence that SMD representatives defect from the faction position on budget bills more often than proportional representation representatives, even taking into account such intervening factors as party faction, ideology, committee membership and the evolution of the post-communist political system.
`This is What Happens When You Don't Listen'
Authors: Cutts David , Childs Sarah , Fieldhouse Edward
Published: August 2008

Labour's All-Women Shortlists (AWS), an example of an equality guarantee, have proved they can deliver. Labour's 98 women constitute 77 percent of all the women MPs in the House of Commons and 27.5 percent of the Parliamentary Labour Party. Moreover, half of all Labour's women MPs currently sitting in the House of Commons were selected on AWS, either in 1997 or 2005. Yet, rather than the success of AWS being a key story of the 2005 general election, it was the defeat of the AWS candidate, Maggie Jones, in the ultra-safe Labour seat of Blaenau Gwent that dominated media coverage. `This is what happens when you don't listen' said the successful, ex-Labour candidate, the late Peter Law: AWS lose votes. This article shows, however, that, Blaenau Gwent aside, there was no significant anti-AWS effect at the 2005 general election. AWS candidates largely suffered from being new candidates. Also, even though we cannot differentiate between an AWS effect and a differential sex effect for new and incumbent candidates, we find that neither is significant.
Candidate Selection Procedures in Transitional Polities
Authors: Field Bonnie N. , Siavelis Peter M.
Published: August 2008

This research note summarizes initial research from a wider project on the determinants of candidate selection procedures. It seeks to contribute to the growing literature on candidate selection by distinguishing transitional and institutionalized democracies. First, it provides a review of the existing literature, with particular emphasis placed on identifying the existing hypotheses on the determinants of candidate selection procedures. Second, it elucidates why transitional polities differently constrain the choice of legislative candidate selection procedures compared to institutionalized democracies. Third, several hypotheses derived from the literature indicate that the barriers to adopting inclusive legislative candidate selection procedures are higher in transitional than in institutionalized democracies.
Self-reported chronic diseases and associated sociodemographic status and lifestyle risk factors among rural Vietnamese adults
Authors: Hoang Van Minh  , Dao Lan Huong  , Kim Bao Giang
Published: August 2008

Aims: The fact that chronic diseases are leading causes of mortality and morbidity in hospitals in Vietnam was certified by yearly statistical information. However, population-based knowledge of chronic diseases is still largely lacking. This article examines the prevalence of major chronic diseases and their relationships with sociodemographic status and selected lifestyle risk factors among the adult population in a rural community in the north of Vietnam. Methods: A representative sample comprising 2500 adults aged 25—74 years was surveyed in 2005 using a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and analytical statistical analyses were applied. Results: Thirty-nine per cent of the respondents had at least one of the studied chronic diseases. The prevalence of current smoking was 59% among men and 0.7% among women. The prevalence of at-risk alcohol drinking was 67% among men and 3% among women. Increasing age, low education and doing other jobs (small traders, temporary workers, housekeepers, handicraft makers and jobless), as well as tobacco use and at-risk alcohol drinking, were found to be associated with a higher probability of having at least one chronic disease of interest. Economic status was found to be inversely correlated with the probability of having at least one chronic disease among women only. Conclusions: The findings from this study indicated that chronic conditions and lifestyle risk factors were very common among the adult population in rural Vietnam. There is an association between chronic diseases and lower socioeconomic status and unhealthy lifestyle risk factors.
The effects of family structure, parent—child relationship and parental monitoring on early sexual behaviour among adolescents in nine European countries
Authors: Lenciauskiene Ilona , Zaborskis Apolinaras
Published: August 2008

Aims: To identify the influence of family structure, parent—child relationship and parental monitoring on adolescents' involvement in early sexual behaviour. Methods: The study was undertaken in the context of the World Health Organization collaborative Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study. The representative samples were drawn from 10 European countries. A group of 14,287 (6716 boys and 7571 girls) 15-year-olds was surveyed. The data were collected by standardized questionnaires. Adolescents were asked about sexual behaviour, family structure, parent—child communication, and parental control. A logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the impact of determinants. Results: Greenlandic adolescents were predominantly engaged in early sexual behaviour. Intact family was a key protective factor for adolescents' early sexual behaviour. It significantly decreased both boys' and girls' involvement in early sexual behaviour. Close parent—adolescent relationships and a high level of parental monitoring were found to be less protective factors than family structure. Easy communication with parents, especially with the mother, was more significant for girls' than for boys' early sexual behaviour. A low level of maternal monitoring had a higher impact on boys' early sexual behaviour, while a low level of paternal monitoring had a higher impact on girls. For both maternal and paternal monitoring, the strongest relationship was observed among Hungarian adolescents, but among Greenlanders it was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Many 15-year-olds in European countries are engaged in early sexual behaviour. A close parent— child relationship and a high level of parental monitoring are not as important for adolescents' early sexual behaviour as an intact family.
Effects of age, period and cohort on stroke mortality among a middle-aged Lithuanian urban population from 1980 to 2004
Authors: Rėklaitienė Regina , Janilionis Vytautas , Noreika Marius , Tamošiūnas Abdonas , Virvičiūte Dalia , Šopagienė Diana
Published: August 2008

Aims: The main purpose of this paper was to assess the effect of age, period, and cohort on stroke mortality rates among a Lithuanian urban population aged 25—64 years (1041 men and 724 women) between 1980 and 2004. Methods: Routine stroke mortality data were obtained from official Kaunas region mortality register by codes 430—438 and I60—I69 in the 9th and in the 10th revisions of the International Classifications of Diseases (ICD), respectively. Mortality rates per 100,000 persons for men and women were age-adjusted using the age distribution of the European Standard Population. Age-specific mortality rates were analysed by sex, period, and birth cohort in eight 5-year age groups and five 5-year age groups. Goodness of fit of the Poisson regression models were evaluated using Pearson and Freeman-Tukey residuals. The age-period and age-period-cohort models provided a significantly better fit than a model with the factors ``age'' and ``cohort''. Results: During the study period, mortality rates decreased from 46.8 to 33.0 per 100,000 for men, and from 20.2 to 18.1 per 100,000 for women (average annual decrease of —1.3%, p<0.1 for men, and —1.6%, p<0.03 for women). An age effect was present in both sexes. The definite upward period effect was observed from 1990 to 1994 both among men and women, and was followed by a sharp fall during 2000—4. Cohort and period effects have contained relevant information which partially explained trends in stroke mortality among a 25—64 year-old Lithuanian urban population. Conclusions: During the period of 1980—2004, the mortality trend declined among women only. The period effect contains relevant information for the explanation of increasing mortality rates during 2000—4 among men and women. The Poisson regression models could be applied for the examination and explanation of the different causes of the population mortality.
Depression among women in rural Ethiopia as related to socioeconomic factors: A community-based study on women in reproductive age groups
Authors: Deyessa N. , Berhane Y. , Alem A. , Hogberg U. , Kullgren G.
Published: August 2008

Background: Several previous studies have reported on socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors associated with depression among women, but knowledge in this area remains scarce regarding women living in extreme poverty in developing countries. Objective: The study was aimed at examining the 12-month prevalence of depressive episodes as related to socioeconomic and sociocultural conditions of women in the reproductive age group in rural Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken among 3016 randomly selected women in the age group 15—49 years. Cases of depression were identified using the Amharic version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A standardized World Health Organization questionnaire was used to measure the socioeconomic status of the women and their spouses. Data were analysed among all women and then separately among currently married women. Results: The 12-month prevalence of depression among all women was 4.4%. After adjusting for common sociodemographic characteristics, only marital status showed a significant association with depressive episode in terms of higher odds ratios (ORs) for divorced/separated women and widowed women than for not-married women (4.05 and 4.24, respectively). Among currently married women, after adjusting for common sociodemographic characteristics, living in rural villages (OR=3.78), a frequent khat-chewing habit (OR=1.61), having a seasonal job (OR=2.94) and being relatively better off in terms of poverty (OR=0.48) were independently associated with depression. Conclusions: The prevalence of depression among women was in the lower range as compared to studies from high-income countries, but very poor economic conditions were associated with a higher prevalence of depression in this overall very poor setting. This further supports the notion that the relative level of poverty rather than the absolute level of poverty contributes to depression among women. Whether the association with khat chewing and depression is a causative effect or can be explained by self-medication remains unclear.
Socio-demographic correlates of alcohol consumption in the Danish general population
Authors: Bloomfield Kim , Grittner Ulrike , Rasmussen Hanna Barbara , Petersen Hans Christian
Published: August 2008

Aims: Little is known about specific Danish drinking patterns. This paper investigates how various socio-demographic factors are related to Danish alcohol consumption with special focus on age and sex. Methods: Data come from a national telephone survey of the Danish general population conducted in 2003 with a final sample size of 2,030 cases. Measures of beverage specific current drinking, overall drinking, daily drinking, heavy episodic drinking, mean consumption, volume per drinking occasion and frequency of drinking were analysed. Results: A little over 5% of the population are abstainers. Fourteen per cent of men and 9% of women are heavy drinkers; 38% of men and 18% of women are heavy episodic drinkers. Youth of both sexes drink heavily, and especially in a binge drinking style. Regular, more temperate drinking is associated with increasing age. Multivariate analyses suggest that other than age and sex, classical socioeconomic factors do not play a great a role in determining drinking patterns. Social integrative factors in particular influence women's drinking. Conclusions: With respect to the rest of Europe and North America, Danes consume high levels of alcohol with a large percentage of youth drinking in a binge pattern. Classical socioeconomic factors play a lesser role in determining drinking patterns compared to other Western countries. Longitudinal studies and studies of alcohol-related consequences in the Danish general population should be conducted to better formulate alcohol and public health policy.
Does job strain mediate the effect of socioeconomic group on smoking behaviour? The impact of different health policies in Denmark and Sweden
Authors: Andersen Ingelise , Rasmussen Niels KR. , Östergren P.O. , Carlsson Frida , Grahn Mathias , Diderichsen Finn
Published: August 2008

Aims: The aim was to compare the impact of socioeconomic groups (SEG) on the risk of being a daily smoker or quitter, and to investigate whether the potentially mediating effect of psychosocial working conditions was similar in the Danish and the Swedish populations. Methods: The study populations consisted of 10,049 employed participants, aged 18—64 years, 51% women, randomly selected from the general populations in the Oresund region, 1999—2000. Odds ratios (OR) for daily-smokers and "non-quitters'' were computed for two age-groups and two SEGs in gender specific models, stratified by country. The association between SEG, current smoking, quitting, and influence at work, job demand and jobstrain, respectively, was tested by means of logistic regression. Results: The contextual determinants defined by country had a different effect on smoking prevalence among men and women and among age groups. Low influence and job strain seemed to have an effect on smoking among Danish women, but not among Swedish women. The OR of being a daily smoker were higher in men than women among younger Danes, but higher in women than men among Swedes. The prevalence of low influence, high demand and job strain was higher and more socially skewed among the Swedes, but did not mediate the effect of SEG on smoking behaviour. Conclusions: The smoking prevalence was lower and the quit-rates higher among Swedes than Danes. Both countries had social differences in smoking that in absolute terms were rather similar, but in relative terms were higher in Sweden. The mediating effect of psychosocial working conditions was lacking. The determinants of smoking behaviours must be found somewhere else in the social and cultural context.
Does intergenerational social mobility among men affect cardiovascular mortality? A population-based register study from Sweden
Authors: Tiikkaja Sanna , Hemstrom Örjan
Published: August 2008

Background: Socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular mortality are well documented. The aim here is to examine the relation between childhood and adulthood class as well as the role of unique intergenerational social mobility trajectories in such mortality. Methods: Data were obtained from Swedish registries. Childhood and adulthood information were from the 1960 and 1990 censuses. Men born 1945—59 (809,199) were followed-up for four cardiovascular mortality outcomes 1990— 2002 (5533 deaths) by means of Cox regressions. Three different approaches were applied to study mobility between four main classes. Results: In mutually adjusted models, the effect of a manual adulthood class (compared with non-manuals) was clearly larger (hazard ratios (HR) were 1.56 for MI, 1.70 for stroke, 1.64 for other cardiovascular disease (CVD), 1.62 for all CVD) as for a manual childhood class (1.38, 1.17, 1.24 and 1.28, respectively). This also applied to unclassifiable, while there were few systematic findings for self-employed. When adjusting for education level, childhood class was still significant for MI, other and all CVD, but adulthood class was significant for all outcomes. Trajectory-specific analyses revealed that mobile men from non-manual to manual had significantly higher mortality than mobile from manual to non-manual and stable non-manuals, but not significantly lower than stable manuals. Conclusions: Cardiovascular mortality was clearly structured by adulthood class, but not as consistently structured by childhood class. The mediating role of education suggests that a major part of life-course disadvantages or advantages in relation to CVD was due to achieved education.
The anatomy of leaks Tracing the path of unauthorized disclosure in the Israeli press
Authors: Reich Zvi
Published: August 2008

An innovative methodology of face-to-face reconstruction interviews with the reporters who had authored a sample of news items allowed wide and systematic research access to one of the most sensitive and virtually unapproachable spheres of journalism — leaks. The main findings were that (1) leaks were highly prevalent — each fifth item involved the sensitive practice; (2) the dominant leakers were senior sources; (3) the favorite channel for leaks was the telephone; (4) leaked stories were initiated equally by reporters and sources; and (5) leaks were cross-verified with additional sources much more frequently than non-leaked items. The study, which took place in Israel, focused on national daily press reporters and their contacts with news sources.
Rhetorical Criticism in Biblical Commentaries
Authors: Olbricht Thomas H.
Published: August 2008

Biblical commentators through history have employed various methods to facilitate interpretation, including rhetorical criticism, with emphasis on classical rhetoric. Despite a resurgence of interest in rhetoric in the past two decades, only a few commentators in the New Interpreter's Bible and the Hermeneia series have undertaken in-depth rhetorical analysis. Most observations of these commentators are derived from the rhetorics of Aristotle, Cicero, and Quintilian and the Rhetorica ad Herennium. This essay sets forth and evaluates the various methods of rhetorical analysis and their employment in the two above-mentioned commentary series.
Paul's Engagement with Deuteronomy: Snapshots and Signposts*
Authors: Lincicum David
Published: August 2008

Recent research has turned from general studies of the role of the Old Testament in Paul's theology to consideration of Paul's engagement with individual biblical books. While much of the interest has so far centered on Isaiah, attention is increasingly paid to Deuteronomy. This article surveys current trends in approaches to Deuteronomy in Paul's letters, focusing especially on three types of studies: textual and methodological studies of Paul's citation technique and Vorlage , considerations of Deuteronomy in Paul's theology, and investigations of the role of Deuteronomy in the formation of Paul's ethics. After surveying the major recent contributions, several areas for further research are suggested.
Statistical Studies of the Verbal Agreements and their Impact on the Synoptic Problem *
Authors: Poirier John C.
Published: August 2008

The patterns of verbal agreement between the gospels have long been considered a key for solving the synoptic problem, and a subdiscipline within gospel source criticism of tabulating and interpreting these patterns of agreement has slowly emerged in the name of gathering the most objective evidence available. Studies of the verbal agreements have steadily grown in their sophistication (esp. in combinatory analysis), as well as in their appreciation for the nature of the gospel text as something more than a mere compilation. The question of whether this approach can substantially further the field, however, has yet to be answered. This article surveys and critiques all published statistical studies of the verbal agreements known to the author.
Qumran Calendars: A Survey of Scholarship 1980—2007
Authors: Ben-Dov Jonathan , Saulnier Stéphane
Published: August 2008

The present article surveys the scholarship on the calendars represented in the Qumran texts and the Pseudepigrapha. The survey commences with the influential articles by VanderKam in the late 1970s, while relating also to Jaubert's earlier hypothesis. After a presentation and classification of the relevant texts, we proceed to elucidate the prominent calendrical and historical themes: the calendar in Jubilees and the Temple Scroll; the early history of the 364-day year in Judah; the non-Jewish origins of the 364-day calendar tradition; intercalation and the beginning of the day; and the various accounts of lunar phases in writings from Qumran. Broadly speaking, present-day research tends to emphasize the schematic aspect of the 364-day calendar tradition, renouncing the older view of this system as a `solar' calendar. In addition, Jaubert's hypothesis on the antiquity of the 364-day calendar, although still upheld in significant parts of current scholarship, is seriously challenged when viewed in a broader historical context. Finally, the Jewish astronomical and calendrical lore is increasingly explained on the background of astral sciences in the Hellenistic world—from Mesopotamia to Egypt.
Microemboli and Cerebral Impairment During Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Pugsley W. , Klinger L. , Paschalis C. , Aspey B. , Newman S. , Harrison M. , Treasure T.
Published: August 2008

Arterial microemboli, which may be reduced by arterial line filtration, have been proposed as a factor con tributing to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-related cerebral dysfunction. The authors report on a study investi gating the effects of arterial line fil tration on the incidence of microemboli and the neuropsycho > 50mmHg, flow 1.8-2.4L/m2/min) was standardized and continuously monitored. Transcranial Doppler measured middle cerebral artery blood velocity and the incidence of microembolic events (MEE). Forty patients (median age fifty-six years, range forty-three to seventy) have completed the protocol. MEE oc curred in all patients during aortic cannulation and at inception of by pass. During bypass, patients with filtered CPB had fewer MEE (0-10 per thirty minutes) than nonfiltered CPB patients (30- > 250 per thirty minutes) did. Seven of 20 nonfiltered CPB patients showed soft neurologic signs on the first postoperative day compared with 3/20 in the filtered CPB group (P = 0.27, Fisher's). The filtered CPB patients performed bet ter on a verbal memory test (P < 0.01, Wilcoxon) at eight weeks than the nonfiltered CPB group did.
Influence of Pathologic Blood Cell Microrheology on Myocardial Microcirculation in Cardiac Surgery Using Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Al-Khaja N. , Bergman P. , Belboul A. , Roberts D. , William-Olsson G.
Published: August 2008

A possible link between blood trauma and the myocardial microcirculation was prospectively studied in 27 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Blood trauma was assessed microrheologically by analysis of gross red cell filtration rate (RFR) and plasma white cell filtration rate (p-WFR). Laser Doppler flow metry (LDF) was used to assess microflow in the myocardium before and after coronary bypass grafting.

The LDF% was significantly reduced in the ischemic parts of the myocar dium, by 25% compared with 52% in the nonischemic myocardium (p < 0.01). After grafting, the grafted ischemic myocardium increased the LDF to 55% (p < 0.001) to levels comparable to those of the nonischemic myocardium, but the normal nonischemic, nongrafted myocardium reduced its microflow to 42% (p < 0.02). The RFR taken simultaneously showed a significant reduction by 34% from 45 to 30μL/sec (p < 0.001). The p-WFR fell significantly by 39% from 33 to 20 μL/sec (p < 0.05). The type of operation did not significantly influence the RFR and p-WFR values. There was a positive correlation between the LDF and RFR (r=0.86, p < 0.01) and between LDF and p-WFR (r=0.77, p < 0.01).

Surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) reduces the microcirculation in the myocardium. The rheology of blood cells is reduced during CPB. Studies to preserve the blood cells and the microcirculation during and after CPB are required.
Impeded Venous Drainage from the Bone Marrow of the Femoral Head: A Synthesis
Authors: Arnoldi Carl C.
Published: August 2008

This paper is a synthesis of the results of research on intraosseous circulation in the proximal end of the femur in children (Perthes' disease) and adults (degenerative osteoarthri tis, the intraosseous engorgement- pain syndrome, nontraumatic femor al head necrosis). These disorders are all characterized by more or less ex tensive degenerative bone lesions and pain. Bone cell death is generally caused by anoxemia, and the com monly held assumption is that most of these disorders are due to failure of arterial supply to the bone marrow ("avascular necrosis"). Impaired capillary flow may also be due, how ever, to high resistance on the venous side of the capillary bed. This mech anism is best known from the patho logic mechanism of the venous lower extremity ulcer. The findings re ported in this synthesis point to the disturbance of venous drainage from the bone marrow of the femoral head as an important factor in the patho logic mechanism probably responsi ble for both the characteristic pain and degenerative skeletal changes.
Iatrogenic Arteriovenous Fistula of the Profunda Femoris Artery/Vein: Case Report
Authors: Pejic Rade
Published: August 2008

Arteriography and venography procedures are becoming more and more routine in everyday medical and surgical care of patients. With the advent of percutaneous catheters for renal dialysis, pacemaker lead insertion, cardiac catheterizations, and various types of venography and arteriography, there will be a greater incidence of associated complications secondary to catheter inser tions in patients' veins and arteries. This case report deals with one such compli cation that can occur as a result of angiography. A brief discussion of various complications, as well as surgical management, of an arteriovenous fistula is presented.
Reduced White Blood Cell Microrheology and Postoperative Complications Associated with Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Bergman P. , Al-Khaja N. , Belboul A. , Roberts D.
Published: August 2008

The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) trauma and damage to the white blood cells (WBC) was prospectively studied in relation to myocardial microcirculation and postoperative complications in 45 patients undergoing cor onary bypass operations for angina pectoris. The filtrability of a suspension of white cells in plasma (P-WFR) was analyzed during CPB and in the first week following coronary bypass operations for angina pectoris. The damage to white cells due to CPB reduced filtrability by about 40% (p < 0.05) and a reduced filtrability was noted even one week after successful surgery. In 25 patients the microflow in the myocardium was semiquantitatively assessed intraoperatively by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF%), and there was a positive correlation be tween P-WFR and LDF% (r=0.84, p < 0.01). The most common complication requiring treatment was cardiac arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation or flutter 12/45, 27%). Myocardial infarction, 9%; A-V blocks, 4%; respiratory insuffi ciency, 4%; cerebrovascular accident, 2%, and infections, 4% were also noted. The trauma to the WBC during CPB appears to reduce myocardial microflow and could be a factor in triggering postoperative complications. Studies to pro tect the WBC or remove damaged WBC during and even after CPB would appear to be warranted.
Thrombosis Following Radial Artery Cannulation: A Prospective, Randomized Study in a Community Hospital Setting
Authors: Thimsen Daniel A. , Carty George A.
Published: August 2008

A prospective, randomized study of radial artery cannulation was under taken in patients about to undergo myocardial revascularization. Fifty-seven patients were entered in the study. The incidence of thrombosis was 33% among females and 9% among males. The occurrence of radial artery thrombosis, even in the presence of an incomplete palmar arch, did not result in clinical symp toms.

The factors influencing postcatheterization radial artery thrombosis are re veiwed.
Study of Peripheral Flow During Successful Aortoiliac and Aortofemoral Prosthetic Reconstructions by Intraoperative Above-Ankle Pressure Index Monitoring
Authors: Giulini Stefano Maria , Colombi Aldo , Bonardelli Stefano , Maffeis Roberto , De Lucia Maurizio , Tosoni Fabio , Coniglio Arianna , Floriani Marco , Tiberio Giorgio
Published: August 2008

Doppler above-ankle pressure index (API) was monitored during 368 consec utive bilateral aortoiliac or aortofemoral graft reconstructions performed for aneurysmal or occlusive disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the variations of peripheral pressure, during and just after completion of the proce dure, either when followed by immediate and definitive success or when an intraoperative correction or an early postoperative reoperation was necessary owing to postreconstructive ischemia. For this purpose the API courses were subdivided into three groups: A (705 limbs), which underwent immediately suc cessful reconstructions; B (22 limbs), which needed intraoperative correction; C (9 limbs), which required early reoperation. All 736 limbs were studied individ ually as monolateral reconstructions and classified into six subgroups: 1, pervi ous iliac, pervious femoral artery; 2, occluded iliac, pervious femoral; 3, pervi ous iliac, stenotic femoral (i.e, stenosis > 75% of the superficial femoral artery); 4, occluded iliac, stenotic femoral; 5, pervious iliac, occluded femoral; 6, oc cluded iliac, occluded femoral. APIs were monitored before the operation (PRE), at the completion of the distal anastomosis (DEC), and five, fifteen, thirty, and forty-five minutes after.

Data were statistically analyzed by multivariate analysis in regards to 705 immediately successful limbs (group A) and by comparison of all corrected or reoperated cases (groups B and C) with the lower bound of the fifth centiles of group A.

The results in group A show that: API-PRE is different in the six subgroups (p < 0.001); API-DEC is lower than API-PRE in the patent iliac artery sub groups (1,3, and 5) and higher than API-PRE in the occluded iliac artery sub groups (2,4, and 6) (p always < 0.001). From declamping time to the forty-five- minutes observation, the mean courses turn out parallel and rising but on dif ferent levels (p < 0.001): pervious femoral, stenotic femoral, occluded femoral. API-forty-five minutes is higher than API-PRE in occluded iliac artery subgroups (2, 4, and 6) (p < 0.001), whereas in the patent iliac artery subgroups only the fifth subgroups reveals a slight but significant rise (p < 0.01), probably owing to the high rate of profunda femoral endarterectomy or angioplasty asso ciated with aortofemoral reconstructions.

APIs values of 31 cases in groups B and C, compared with the lower bound of the fifth centile of group A, show that 8/31 cases (26%) remain above that bound, while 23/31 cases (74%) fall below it.
Polytetrafluoroethylene Bifurcation Prosthesis for the Treatment of Aortoiliac Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease: A 5-Year Clinical Trial
Authors: Motta G. , Ratto G.B. , Secco G.B. , Fardelli R. , Beretta E.
Published: August 2008

During the period of 1984-1986, the authors have implanted 13 poly tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bifurca tion grafts for the treatment of aor toiliac occlusive disease. The patients were 12 men and 1 woman, their mean age being 60.5 ± 6.3 years. The indi cations for aortoiliac reconstruction were limiting claudication in 6 pa tients and rest pain in 7 patients. Follow-up lasted forty-six ± seven months and included physical exami nation, measurement of the ankle- brachial pressure index, and ultra sonography. Arteriography was per formed exclusively in symptomatic patients. No operative deaths or major complications were recorded. Graft limb occlusion occurred in 2 patients, eight and twenty-two months after surgery, respectively. The five-year patency rate was 85 % . During follow-up, there was no evi dence of graft infection, kinking, stenosis, or dilatation. Neither peri- graft seroma nor anastomotic aneu rysm developed.
Coarctation of Infrarenal Inferior vena Cava: A Case Report
Authors: Hanif Beg Mohammed , Reyazuddin  , Ansari M.M.
Published: August 2008

A patient with coarctation of infrarenal inferior vena cava is described. The clinical presentation and venogram were suggestive of inferior vena cava ob struction. The diagnosis of coarctation of inferior vena cava was made at lapa rotomy. The patient had a good response to cavoplasty with complete resolution of symptoms. A brief review of coarctation of inferior vena cava, a rare condi tion, is outlined.
Revascularization of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm After Surgical Exclusion: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Celoria Giovanni , Shammash Jacob , Guardione Vincent , Berman Joel
Published: August 2008

A high-risk patient underwent exclusion of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with aortofemoral bypass. During the procedure a horseshoe kidney was found to be overlying the aorta. Postoperatively retrograde perfusion of the aneurysm via a recanalized right iliac artery occurred and led to doubling of the aneu rysm's size, necessitating reoperation. The operative approach and pertinent literature are reviewed.
Hepatic Artery Aneurysm: Case Report
Authors: Akata Osman , Ersöz Sadik
Published: August 2008

The authors present a patient with a hepatic artery aneurysm successfully treated by excision and end-to-end anastomosis. Clinical features, diagnosis, and therapeutic modalities of hepatic artery aneurysms are reviewed.
Embolectomy in the Elderly
Authors: Ricci Michael A. , Murr Andrew , Bedwell Scott , Deshmukh Narayan
Published: August 2008

Although Fogarty catheter embolectomy has revolutionized the treatment of peripheral arterial embolism, significant morbidity and mortality may still follow this procedure. To examine the outcome of embolectomy in elderly patients, the authors reviewed 50 procedures in 49 patients; those less than eighty years old (25 patients, Group I) were compared with patients over that age (24 patients, Group II). Overall rates of recurrence, amputation, and death were 22%, 14%, and 10%, respectively. Cardiac disease was prevalent in both groups, although atrial fibrillation was more frequent in the older group (66.7% vs 24.0%, p = 0.002), and prior myocardial infarction was found more often in Group I (32.0% vs 8.3%, p=0.05).

Complications were significantly more frequent in Group II than in Group I (58.3% vs 28.0 %; p = 0.02). Special attention to perioperative care is necessary in elderly patients undgergoing embolectomy to minimize complications.
Femoral Mycotic Aneurysm Following Cardiac Catheterization: A Case Report
Authors: Gecelter Gary , Schein Moshe
Published: August 2008

A case of a ruptured femoral mycotic aneurysm following left cardiac cathe terization is presented. The etiology, diagnosis, and management of this rare condition are briefly discussed.
Basilic Vein Thrombosis Near an Arterial-Venous Access Graft Resulting in a Symptomatic Upper Extremity
Authors: de la Torre Roger , Edelman David , Sendzischew Harry
Published: August 2008

Deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity is a relatively uncommon condition that normally produces few if any symptoms. However, when this occurs in a patient with hemodialysis access in the same upper limb, significant sequelae may result. Although these may be remedied by the elimination of the arterial-venous loop, the critical importance of vascular access for most patients with end-stage renal disease and the difficulties associated with creating new access make it essential to preserve existing sites.

Described is a patient with a left forearm access graft and symptoms in the same extremity arising from outflow occlusion proximal to the venous anasto mosis of the graft. An arteriogram was used to diagnose and locate the occluded area, revealing thrombosis of the basilic vein as the likely cause. This was then bypassed by using saphenous vein, thus salvaging the hemodialysis access. The patient did well postoperatively and was discharged without symptoms and with a functional arterial-venous loop.
Hemodynamic Changes of Azygos Venous Flow After Ligation of the Azygos Arch
Authors: Sukiara Minoru , Kaneko Koichi , Shinozuka Nozomi , Taguchi Yasushi , Omoto Ryozo
Published: August 2008

The uppermost portion or arch of the azygos vein is frequently ligated and divided in thoracic surgery. The hemodynamic effects arising from this proce dure have not, however, been described previously. The authors assessed such effects by using transesophageal real-time two-dimensional Doppler echography (TE2DD). Nine patients, whose azygos arch had been ligated and divided in the course of surgery for lung cancer, were examined. The intervals between the prior operation and the examination with TE2DD ranged from one to fifty months. By use of a convex array transducer with a frequency of 7.5 MHz, the hemodynamics of both the azygos vein and the intercostal veins, which join the former, were assessed. The esophagopetal portion of the azygos vein could be visualized in color in 6 of 9 cases. In all these 6 cases, the flow direction of the azygos vein was reversed and directed caudally. Blood flow in both the azygos vein and the intercostal veins is normally pulsatile. After ligation, however, it had become constant in 3 of 5 cases analyzed by pulsed Doppler spectrum. The value of mean flow velocity in the azygos vein (9 ± 5 cm/sec) was significantly (p < 0.05) smaller than that of the control group (15 ±5 cm/sec).
Indocyanine Green Dye Enhanced Vascular Welding With the Near Infrared Diode Laser
Authors: Oz Mehmet C. , Chuck Roy S. , Johnson Jeffrey P. , Parangi Sareh , Bass Lawrence S. , Nowygrod Roman , Treat Michael R.
Published: August 2008

For vascular anastomosis, use of topical photosensitizing dye enhances selec tive delivery of laser energy to target tissue, thus reducing the amount of collat eral thermal injury and threshold power required for welding. The authors compared the threshold power density needed to weld abdominal aortotomies in rabbits with and without photosensitizing dye. With continuous wave diode la ser energy, the threshold for welding using the dye indocyanine green (ICG) was 150 mW (power density 4.8 watts/cm2 at spot diameter of 2 mm). Without dye enhancement, tissue effects were not observed even at the highest energy output available from the laser (300 mW, power density 9.6 watts/cm2). Immediately after welding, the mean bursting pressure for the welds was 260 mm Hg. In survival studies, no anastomotic ruptures, thomboses, or aneurysms were iden tified. Use of photosensitizing dyes for tissue welding is feasible and may allow arterial welding with lower power laser systems and cause less thermal trauma by lowering threshold power levels.
In Vivo Hemodynamic Measurements of in Situ Saphenous Vein Bypass
Authors: Taheri Syde A. , Kulaylat Mahmoud , Taheri Paul , Tanski William
Published: August 2008

The present technique of in situ bypass requires operating room angiography . A new valvulotome with pressure measurement eliminated angiography and allows detection of AV fistulas for ligation. Retrograde insertion could eliminate the long lower extremity incision.
Antegrade Versus Popliteal Approach for Recanalization of Totally Obstructed Superficial Femoral Arteries
Authors: Bowles Mark Howard , Smith James A. M. , Downing Gregory C. , Galichia Joseph P.
Published: August 2008

A retrograde approach to recanalization of totally occluded superficial femo ral arteries proved efficacious in this study. The primary success rate was 83% and overall success rate was improved from 50% to 70%. Hemorrhagic compli cations were lower than with the antegrade approach.