bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lactose intolerance: The most significant nutritional recommendations of lactose free diet
Authors: Molnár Judit , Kalocsai Renátó , Szakál Pál , Szakál Tamás , Vasas Dávid
Published: August 2024

Background: Milk and dairy products play a key role in healthy diet. In case of lactose intolerance, the digestion of these products becomes difficult. It is associated with stomach and intestinal complaints. Purpose: The purpose of the manuscript is to summarize the literature on lactose, lactose intolerance, lactose-free diet and lactose-free products development opportunities. We hope that we can contribute to a more accurate understanding of the lactose-free diet and reveal connections between consumer expectations and consumption. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed and Science Direct databases. We used 34 specialist literature and 3 URL to write our conference publication. Results: We summarized the most important characteristics of lactose, the symptoms and treatment options of lactose intolerance, the importance of lactose-free diet and calcium supplementation in the therapy of lactose intolerance and the latest and most informative publications on the development of lactose-free functional foods. Conclusion: Today, the consumption of lactose-free products is an outstanding way to treat the growing number of people with lactose intolerance. The food industry also pays special attention to the application of new technologies and product development. We hope to contribute to a wider understanding of lactose, lactose intolerance, the lactose-free diet and lactose-free product development opportunities with our conference manuscript.
Emission analysis due to port activity at Tanjung Perak Port Surabaya using system dynamics methods
Authors: Winarno Arif , Setyorini Putri Dyah , Mulyawan Riski Karunia , Sugianto Erik
Published: August 2024

Tanjung Perak Port is the second largest port in Indonesia. Tanjung Perak Port has a capacity of 24.1 million TEUs. There was an increase in container flows in 2017 of 4.9 million TEUs and in 2018 of 5.3 million TEUs, making the Tanjung Perak port excess container capacity. High port activity and increased loading and unloading traffic have resulted in increased air pollution every year. Where air pollution is caused by exhaust emissions produced by ships, loading and unloading equipment, and port container truck traffic. The increased exhaust emissions will have an impact on the air quality around the area. The resulting emissions include SOx, NOx, CO, CO2. The exhaust gas emission which exceeds the reasonable threshold according to the determined standards can cause ARI. So this study aims to determine the total value of exhaust gas emissions due to port activities. In calculating exhaust emissions using the US EPA method. This research was assisted by using the Powersim Studio software that uses the system dynamics method. The results obtained from exhaust gas emissions PM 10 792,623 kg / year, PM 2.5 emissions 39.15 kg / year, emissions NO 46101,316 kg / year, SO emissions 0.063 kg / year, CO emissions 18042,655 kg / year, CO2 emissions 406 324,108 kg / year, emissions HC 2595,823 kg / year, SO2 emissions 89.2 kg / year, NMHC emissions + NO 1178.33 kg / year.
Analyzing the impact of N-Frame value on audio watermarking
Authors: Masykuroh Kholidiyah , Hanni Pradana Zein , Dyah Irawati Indrarini , Budiman Gelar , Fahmi Arfianto
Published: August 2024

Progress is being made in digitizing data from text, images, sound, and video. However, audio producers must invest in protecting digital rights and documenting authentication. One method for safeguarding message confidentiality is through watermarking. In this study, we employ the Lifting Wavelet Transform (LTW) technique and the Compressive Sensing (CS) technique, specifically Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP), to propose a compressed watermark embedding technique for audio data. The performance analysis of the proposed system is based on the impact of the N-Frame value on SNR, ODG, C, and BER values. The results of the experiments indicate that increasing the number of N-Frames affects the SNR and C values, with higher SNR values and lower C values corresponding to an increased number of N-Frames.
Teluk Gedang wood fossil on the Airbatu Geo-heritage of the Merangin Jambi UNESCO Global Geo-park, insight geo-history and storytelling concept
Authors: Utama Hari Wiki , Siregar Anggi Deliana , Said Yulia Morsa , Arsyad AR , Mahbub Itang , Mastur Agus Kurniawan , Sutarto  , Widagdo Asmoro , Yudiantoro Dwi Fitri , Arafat Rakhmatul , Ayu Dhinda , Ageony Fristy
Published: August 2024

In the moment of Merangin Jambi Geo-park in sustainability UNESCO Global Geo-park. Therefore, it is necessary to socialize the current situation and development of geopark, through publications in the form of geohistory and storytelling at each geosite. One of those geosites is the Teluk Gedang Wood Fossil. The located in the Air Batu Village and Near Batang Merangin River. Taking data at the stage of geological survey on geological outcrop of Teluk Gedang Wood Fossil, and then important information from the public regarding the folklore that developed at the geological site. Geological data and analysis will be information geological characterized, such as rock type, stratigraphic succession, structural geology as deformation, tectonic story through global tectonic basement approach, and those get geohistory. The folklore obtained from public information will be deep information of unique of geological site. A integration of these two points of view to acquire storytelling concept. On the Teluk Gedang is the beginning of Mengkarang facies stratigraphy. It consists of sediment-volcanic rock, which are lacustrine facies and shallow marine facies of claystone and tuffaceous sandstone with Araucarioxylon, carbonifereous claystone, tuffaceous claystone, silstone, and tuffaceous sandstone with limestone with brachiopods and gastropods fossils intercalation. Araucarioxylon Wood Fossil is a uniqueness of this geological site, which has geometry about 2.6 m hight and 1.4 m wide diameter. This fossil has grown in sediment-volcanic rock, so it has a shape like a large backrest. According to folklore there, this geological site used to be a bathing place for the lost princess of the Air Batu village a long time ago. With the uniqueness of this geological site, it really meets the criteria as geoheritage with geohistory to build a narrative between geoheritage and folklore that produces a storytelling concept
Artificial Intelligence Prediction Model of Occurrence of Cerebral Vasospasms Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Lintas Konstantinos , Rohde Stefan , Mpoukouvala Anna , El Hamalawi Boris , Sarge Robert , Mueller Oliver Marcus
Published: August 2024

Background Symptomatic cerebral vasospasms are deleterious complication of the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm and potentially lethal. The existing scales used to classify the initial presentation of a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) offer a blink of the outcome and the possibility of occurrence of symptomatic cerebral vasospasms. Altogether, neither are they sufficient to predict outcome or occurrence of events reliably nor do they offer a united front. This study tests the common grading scales and factors that otherwise affect the outcome, in an artificial intelligence (AI) based algorithm to create a reliable prediction model for the occurrence of cerebral vasospasms.

Methods Applying the R environment, an easy-to-operate command line was programmed to prognosticate the occurrence of vasospasms. Eighty-seven patients with aneurysmal SAH during a 24-month period of time were included for study purposes. The holdout and cross-validation methods were used to evaluate the algorithm (65 patients constituted the validation set and 22 patients constituted the test set). The Support Vector Machines (ksvm) classification method provided a high accuracy. The medical dataset included demographic data, the Hunt and Hess scale (H&H), Fisher grade, Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) scale, length of intervention for aneurysmal repair, etc.

Results Our prediction model based on the AI algorithm demonstrated an accuracy of 61 to 86% for the event of symptomatic vasospasms. For subgroup analysis, 28.8% (n = 13) patients in the surgical cohort developed symptomatic vasospasm. Of these, 50% (n = 7) were admitted with Fisher scale grade 4, 37.5% (n = 5) with H&H 5, and 28.5% (n = 4) with BNI 5. In the endovascular cohort, vasospasms occurred in 31.8% (n = 14) patients. Of these, 69% (n = 9) patients were admitted with Fisher grade 4, 23% (n = 3) patients with H&H 5, and 7% (n = 1) patients with BNI 5.

Conclusion From our data, we may believe that the algorithm presented can help in identifying patients with SAH who are at “high” or “low” risk of developing symptomatic vasospasms. This risk balancing might further allow the treating physician to go for an earlier intervention trying to prevent permanent sequelae. Certainly, accuracy will improve with a higher caseload and more statistical coefficients.
Time Trends and Excess Mortality Compared to Population Controls after a First-Time Pulmonary Embolism or Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Glise Sandblad Katarina , Svensson Carl Johan , Svennerholm Kristina , Philipson Jacob , Pivodic Aldina , Schulman Sam , Tavoly Mazdak
Published: August 2024

Background Recent data on temporal trends in excess mortality for patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) compared with the general population are scarce.

Methods A nationwide Swedish register study conducted from 2006 to 2018 including 68,960 PE and 70,949 DVT cases matched with population controls. Poisson regression determined relative risk (RR) for 30-day and 1-year mortality trends while Cox regression determined adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). A significance level of 0.001 was applied.

Results In PE cases, both 30-day mortality (12.5% in 2006 to 7.8% in 2018, RR: 0.95 [95% CI: 0.95–0.96], p < 0.0001) and 1-year mortality (26.5 to 22.1%, RR: 0.98 [0.97–0.98], p < 0.0001) decreased during the study period. Compared with controls, no significant change was seen in 30-day (aHR: 33.08 [95% CI: 25.12–43.55] to 24.64 [95% CI: 18.81–32.27], p = 0.0015 for interaction with calendar year) or 1-year (aHR: 5.85 [95% CI: 5.31–6.45] to 7.07 [95% CI: 6.43–7.78], p = 0.038) excess mortality. The 30-day excess mortality decreased significantly (aHR: 39.93 [95% CI: 28.47–56.00) to 24.63 [95% CI: 17.94–33.83], p = 0.0009) in patients with PE without known cancer before baseline, while the excess 1-year mortality increased (aHR: 3.55 [95% CI: 3.16–3.99] to 5.38 [95% CI: 4.85–5.98], p < 0.0001) in PE cases surviving to fill a prescription of anticoagulation. In DVT cases, 30-day and 1-year mortality declined, while excess mortality compared with controls remained stable.

Conclusion In general, the improved mortality following PE and DVT paralleled population trends. However, PE cases without cancer had decreasing excess 30-day mortality, whereas those surviving to fill a prescription for anticoagulant medication showed increasing excess 1-year mortality.
15 Years POEM: The Current and Future State of Submucosal Endoscopy
Authors: Strong Andrew T.
Published: August 2024

The submucosal plane has become an increasingly utilized space to endoscopically approach and treat several diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Submucosal tunneling was introduced as a concept jointly by both endoscopic submucosal dissection and per-oral endoscopic myotomy or (POEM). The enthusiasm for the latter technique has not only revolutionized the treatment of achalasia over the past two decades but also spurred the development of several procedural derivatives to treat a variety of diseases. This review will survey literature concerning submucosal tunneling endoscopy from 2008, when the first POEM was reported, to today.
Modified fungal diversity in dense clay subsoils after deep-banding organic substrate
Authors: Vido Joshua J. , Jin Jian , Hayden Helen L. , Celestina Corinne , Sale Peter W. G. , Armstrong Roger , Tang Caixian , Wood Jennifer L. , Franks Ashley E.
Published: August 2024

Context Deep-banded nutrient rich amendments can overcome crop productivity constraints of Australian dense clay subsoils. However, knowledge on essential microbial community in field trials is limited. Methods We examined subsoils that had been deep-ripped 2 years earlier with various types of amendments (organic, a blend of organic and inorganic, and purely inorganic). Subsoil samples (15–25 cm) were collected encompassing the amendment band (0 cm), as well as at increasing distances from it (14 and 28 cm). Bacterial 16S rRNA, fungal ITS amplicon sequencing, and SOM/TOC measurements on amendment band samples were done to assess microbial communities. Key results While no variations were detected in bacterial communities across treatments, soils enriched with organic substrates diverged significantly in fungal diversity compared to the control, concentrated primarily within the amendment bands. Fungal response to these organic amendments was primarily dominated by an enrichment of filamentous saprotrophic fungi. Conclusion Changes in fungal diversity and the enrichment of saprotrophic fungi is primarily attributed to the introduction of organic substrates into the subsoil. However, despite the absence of SOM/TOC differences between treatments, SOM/TOC levels were initially expected to rise in response to organic amendments. Consequently, variations in fungal communities may have initially arisen from heightened SOM/TOC levels but persisted even as these levels returned to baseline, suggesting a lasting legacy effect. Implications A single application of deep-banded organic amendments was effective in enriching agriculturally significant fungi within dense clay subsoils after 2 years. This can further aid crop productivity by fostering soil structural improvements and optimising nutrient cycling, even after the organic amendments are undetectable.
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) promotes immunosuppressive neutrophil differentiation within tumors
Authors: Dahal Ankit , Hong Yeonsun , Mathew Jocelyn S. , Geber Adam , Eckl Sarah , Renner Stephanie , Sailer Cooper J. , Ryan Allison T. , Mir Sana , Lim Kihong , Linehan David C. , Gerber Scott A. , Kim Minsoo
Published: August 2024

Chronic inflammatory milieu in the tumor microenvironment (TME) leads to the recruitment and differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs, which are phenotypically and morphologically defined as a subset of neutrophils, cause major immune suppression in the TME, posing a significant challenge in the development of effective immunotherapies. Despite recent advances in our understanding of PMN-MDSC functions, the mechanism that gives rise to immunosuppressive neutrophils within the TME remains elusive. Both in vivo and in vitro, newly recruited neutrophils into the tumor sites remained activated and highly motile for several days and developed immunosuppressive phenotypes, as indicated by increased arginase 1 (Arg1) and dcTrail-R1 expression and suppressed anticancer CD8 T cell cytotoxicity. The strong suppressive function was successfully recapitulated by incubating naive neutrophils with cancer cell culture supernatant in vitro. Cancer metabolite secretome analyses of the culture supernatant revealed that both murine and human cancers released lipid mediators to induce the differentiation of immunosuppressive neutrophils. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) lipidomic analysis identified platelet-activation factor (PAF; 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) as a common tumor-derived lipid mediator that induces neutrophil differentiation. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2), the PAF biosynthetic enzyme, is up-regulated in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and shows an unfavorable correlation with patient survival across multiple cancer types. Our study identifies PAF as a lipid-driven mechanism of MDSC differentiation in the TME, providing a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
A potential role for RNA aminoacylation prior to its role in peptide synthesis
Authors: Radakovic Aleksandar , Lewicka Anna , Todisco Marco , Aitken Harry R. M. , Weiss Zoe , Kim Shannon , Bannan Abdullah , Piccirilli Joseph A. , Szostak Jack W.
Published: August 2024

Coded ribosomal peptide synthesis could not have evolved unless its sequence and amino acid–specific aminoacylated tRNA substrates already existed. We therefore wondered whether aminoacylated RNAs might have served some primordial function prior to their role in protein synthesis. Here, we show that specific RNA sequences can be nonenzymatically aminoacylated and ligated to produce amino acid–bridged stem-loop RNAs. We used deep sequencing to identify RNAs that undergo highly efficient glycine aminoacylation followed by loop-closing ligation. The crystal structure of one such glycine-bridged RNA hairpin reveals a compact internally stabilized structure with the same eponymous T-loop architecture that is found in many noncoding RNAs, including the modern tRNA. We demonstrate that the T-loop-assisted amino acid bridging of RNA oligonucleotides enables the rapid template-free assembly of a chimeric version of an aminoacyl-RNA synthetase ribozyme. We suggest that the primordial assembly of amino acid–bridged chimeric ribozymes provides a direct and facile route for the covalent incorporation of amino acids into RNA. A greater functionality of covalently incorporated amino acids could contribute to enhanced ribozyme catalysis, providing a driving force for the evolution of sequence and amino acid–specific aminoacyl-RNA synthetase ribozymes in the RNA World. The synthesis of specifically aminoacylated RNAs, an unlikely prospect for nonenzymatic reactions but a likely one for ribozymes, could have set the stage for the subsequent evolution of coded protein synthesis.
Circular motion of a charged particle on the inner surface of a frictionless cone under the influence of an electric field due to an electric dipole
Authors: Yusmantoro Yusmantoro
Published: August 2024

A common problem provided in elementary physics textbooks is the analysis of the circular motion of a point-like particle affected by a gravitational field on the frictionless inner surface of an inverted cone. In this research, we study the motion of a charged particle on the same surface subject to an electric field generated by an electric dipole placed at the bottom of the cone. We study negatively and positively charged particles and analyse the dynamics of both. We calculate the physical quantities such as speed, angular velocity, angular momentum, and mechanical energy. Furthermore, we determine all possible distances travelled by the particles measured from the dipole. We also discuss the stability of the circular orbit using the effective potential. Finally, we consider the particle’s motion on a generic surface formed by the revolution of the curve

ρ

z

around the vertical axis. We determine the differential equation of

ρ

z

, in which the kinematic variables including speed

v
,

angular velocity

ω
,

and angular momentum

L

are constant.
A highly accurate analytical method for determination of the vibrational frequency of N/MEMS with electrostatic and van der Waals interaction forces
Authors: Nhu Hieu Nguyen , Chung Pham Ngoc
Published: August 2024

In this study, a novel approach based on the elliptic balance method (EBM) is proposed for the first time to find the approximate frequency of nano/micro-electromechanical systems modeled as Euler–Bernoulli beams under the effects of electrostatic and van der Waals interaction forces. Firstly, the governing equation of the beam is reduced to the single-mode vibration equation using the Galerkin method. A nonlinear differential equation for the time-dependent beam deflection is obtained. We present the approximate solution as an elliptic cosine function, which considers the free term contributing to the solution. This free term is relevant for vibrations with a non-zero mean in time, in which the beam is affected by a relatively large applied voltage. Via some manipulations, the obtained result is an algebraic equation with only one unknown in three unknowns: the free and vibration coefficient terms, and the modulus quantity of the elliptic cosine function. This nonlinear equation is solved using the Newton–Raphson method. The numerical results from the EBM show that the accuracy of the solution responses in time and approximate frequency is relatively accurate, almost coinciding with the results obtained from the numerical solution method using the Runge–Kutta algorithm. Our results also agree well with previously published experimental and simulation results. The results are meaningful when determining the frequency of the vibrating beam with high accuracy for micro/nano systems.
Fault detection method for transmission line components based on lightweight GMPPD-YOLO
Authors: Wu Dong , Yang Weijiang , Li Jiechang
Published: August 2024

This paper designs a lightweight high-precision transmission line component detection model, named grouped dense, monotonic self-regularized, and partial faster convolution, pruning, and distillation optimized—you only look once (GMPPD-YOLO), in transmission line inspection. It addresses the issue of low detection accuracy of target detection algorithms due to the complex background, large differences in target shape, location, texture, etc, as well as diversified and smaller defects in insulator and vibration hammer images taken by unmanned aerial vehicles from multiple angles. To enhance the model’s feature extraction capabilities in complex backgrounds and across different scales, the grouped dense C3 dense feature extraction module was designed, enabling the model to more effectively handle diverse defect forms. Simultaneously, the monotonic self-regularized pyramid pooling–fast (MSPPF) module is proposed to enhance the model’s capability to process multi-scale information. Additionally, the partial-faster C3 feature awareness module is designed to improve feature fusion performance, enhancing the model’s ability to perceive features at different scales. Finally, channel pruning was used to reduce redundant parameters, and knowledge distillation was employed to compensate for the accuracy loss caused by pruning. This approach further compressed the model size while ensuring its detection performance. The experimental results demonstrate that compared to the original YOLOv5s algorithm, the proposed GMPPD-YOLO algorithm achieves a reduction in parameters by 68.4%, a decrease in Giga floating-point operations per second by 58.2%, and a reduction in the model size by 66.4%, while achieving an increase in precision by 1%, mAP50 by 1.1%, and mAP95 by 0.4%. This confirms the significant potential of the GMPPD-YOLO algorithm for deployment in real-time drone-based power transmission line inspections.
A novel DNFS control strategy for vehicle semi-active suspension system
Authors: Ji Guanggang , Li Shaohua , Feng Guizhen , Li Zhengchuan , Liu Xiaofan
Published: August 2024

Due to the fact that the traditional fuzzy controller of the suspension system expressively depends on expert experience, and the fact that the control strategy and damper model of the suspension system are verified separately, we put forward a novel control strategy for semi-active suspension systems based on deep neural fuzzy system (DNFS). The dynamic model of semi-active suspension systems is established, and by using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), a variable universe Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy controller is designed. Then, combining the bench experimental data and ANFIS, a non-parametric model of continuous damping control (CDC) damper is first proposed. Finally, a semi-active suspension controller based on DNFS is constructed by using serial ideas. The effectiveness of the proposed DNFS control strategy is verified by simulation experiments under different working conditions. The results show that the proposed DNFS control strategy has strong adaptability to various working conditions, which can effectively improve the ride comfort and handling stability of vehicles.
Linear and fractional response for nonlinear dissipative SPDEs
Authors: Carigi Giulia , Kuna Tobias , Bröcker Jochen
Published: August 2024

A framework to establish response theory for a class of nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) is provided. More specifically, it is shown that for a certain class of observables, the averages of those observables against the stationary measure of the SPDE are differentiable (linear response) or, under weaker conditions, locally Hölder continuous (fractional response) as functions of a deterministic additive forcing. The method allows to consider observables that are not necessarily differentiable. For such observables, spectral gap results for the Markov semigroup associated with the SPDE have recently been established that are fairly accessible. This is important here as spectral gaps are a major ingredient for establishing linear response. The results are applied to the 2D stochastic Navier–Stokes equation and the stochastic two–layer quasi–geostrophic model, an intermediate complexity model popular in the geosciences to study atmosphere and ocean dynamics. The physical motivation for studying the response to perturbations in the forcings for models in geophysical fluid dynamics comes from climate change and relate to the question as to whether statistical properties of the dynamics derived under current conditions will be valid under different forcing scenarios.
Magnetically tunable acoustic add-drop filter via Terfenol-D
Authors: Mehdizadeh Omrani Ehsan , Nazari Fakhroddin
Published: August 2024

This article introduces a new approach to provide a magnetically tunable add-drop filter structure based on a solid–solid phononic crystal by varying the magnetic field intensities of Terfenol-D in the GHz frequency range. The filter system is prepared with a two-dimensional phononic crystal composed of Nylon as the base material, connected with a square array of circular Molybdenum cylinders. The plan includes a bus waveguide connected to a single-ring resonator and a drop waveguide. The ring resonator embraces six embedded Terfenol-D cylinders that control their Young’s modulus values, and strategically they are placed on both sides of the ring resonator. This tunable add-drop filter is designed to be manipulated by an outside magnetic field, capitalizing on the changes in Young’s modulus in magnetostrictive materials in response to different magnetic field intensities. The tunability of the proposed elastic filter output is achieved through dynamic control of Young’s modulus. The resonance frequency of the ring resonator and dynamic control of these Terfenol-D cylinders within it are critical to the filter’s performance. The filter acts based on resonance frequencies particular to Young’s modulus of Terfenol-D within the ring resonator, utilizing a new method that manipulates the interposition of acoustic waves using an external magnetic field in a tunable add-drop filter configuration. Furthermore, the efficiency of the proposed filter has been endorsed through the coupled mode theory. Additionally, the filter demonstrates suitable performance with a notable average quality factor of 10502, minimal average insertion loss of 1.5 dB, and average damping ratio of 4.5 × 10−5. This suggested filter is straightforward and suitable for acoustic communication systems and networks.
An eco-friendly one-step pretreatment method for the synthesis of electroless coating on magnesium alloy
Authors: Rauta Chandra Sekhar , Majumdar Gautam , Mukherjee Sumanta , Sarkar Sandip
Published: August 2024

Using a one-step pretreatment process, this study synthesized an environmentally friendly and cost-effective electroless Ni-W-P coating on the AZ31 magnesium alloy. Aqueous iron (II) sulfate treatment was used as a replacement for conventional pretreatment in the electroless coating on magnesium alloy. Using ammonia solution in the plating bath results in micro-pits in the coating, and cracks appear on the surface after a certain time of deposition. The deposition rate of the coatings was around 10 and 7 μmh−1 from plating baths with and without ammonia, respectively. Coatings from baths without ammonia (T2), on the other hand, have no pits and can develop thick coatings, whereas coatings from baths with ammonia (T1) can only form deposits up to 10 μm thick. The atomic structure of both coatings exhibits a mixture of microcrystalline and amorphous phases. The coatings T1 and T2 showed an adhesion strength of 6 ± 0.24 and 8.1 ± 0.15 MPa, respectively. Both T1 and T2 coatings have significantly higher corrosion resistance and microhardness than the base alloy.
Multilayer film coating for laser ion source target for increase of low charge state production
Authors: Ceccio Giovanni , Ikeda Shunsuke , Kanesue Takeshi , Cannavò Antonino , Cutroneo Mariapompea , Pleskunov Pavel , Takahashi Kazumasa , Grove Logan , Friedland Adam , Okamura Masahiro
Published: August 2024

The use of Laser Ion Source for accelerator facilities has the advantage to tune the characteristic of the produced beams by changing the laser parameters using the same primary target. The advantageous and innovative opportunity to manipulate the characteristic of charge state distributions by the use of composed target, may open new possibilities for the ion sources. In this experiment we characterize and study the plasma produced by the laser ablation of coated targets at constant laser parameters. The performed investigation has the double purpose to have a better understanding of penetration depth of laser in composed materials and understand how to tune the charge states by adding coating films. The obtained results showed that for particular thickness of coating, the low charge states were produced with higher yield than in the case of pure material.
Gravitational waves from primordial black hole evaporation with large extra dimensions
Authors: Ireland Aurora , Profumo Stefano , Scharnhorst Jordan
Published: August 2024

The spectra of gravitational waves from black hole evaporation generically peak at frequencies of order the Hawking temperature, making this signal ultra-high frequency for primordial black holes evaporating in the early universe. This motivates us to consider small black holes in theories with large extra dimensions, for which the peak frequency can be lowered substantially, since the true bulk Planck scale M
* can be much smaller than the effective M
Pl. We study the emission of brane-localized gravitons during the Hawking evaporation of ultra-light primordial black holes in the context of theories with large extra dimensions, with the ultimate goal of computing the contribution to the stochastic gravitational wave background. To accurately model black hole evolution, we compute greybody factors for particles of spin-0, 1/2, 1, and 2 emitted on the brane and in the bulk, presuming the majority of emission proceeds during the Schwarzschild phase. We then compute the power spectrum and present day spectral density parameter for brane-localized gravitons contributing to a gravitational wave signal. We find that for an optimal choice of parameters, the peak frequency plateaus in the sub-MHz regime, within range of planned high-frequency gravitational wave detectors, making this scenario a target for detection once their sensitivity exceeds ΔN
eff bounds.
Unruh-DeWitt particle detectors in bouncing cosmologies
Authors: Conroy Aindriú , Taylor Peter
Published: August 2024

We study semi-classical particle production in non-singular bouncing cosmologies by employing the Unruh-DeWitt model of a particle detector propagating in this class of spacetimes. The scale factor for the bouncing cosmology is derived analytically and is inspired by the modified Friedmann equation employed in the loop quantum cosmology literature. We examine how the detector response varies with the free parameters in this model such as the equation of state during the contraction phase and the critical energy density during the bounce phase. We also investigate whether such a signature in the particle detector survives at late times.
Optimal constraints on Primordial non-Gaussianity with the eBOSS DR16 quasars in Fourier space
Authors: Cagliari Marina S. , Castorina Emanuele , Bonici Marco , Bianchi Davide
Published: August 2024

We present constraints on the amplitude of local Primordial Non-Gaussianities (PNG), f
NL, using the quasar sample in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) Data Release 16 (DR16). We analyze the power spectrum monopole, testing for the presence of scale-dependent galaxy bias induced by local PNG. Our analysis makes use of optimal redshift weights that maximize the response of the quasar sample to the possible presence of non-zero PNG. We find -4 < f
NL < 27 at 68% confidence level, which is among the strongest bounds with Large Scale Structure data. The optimal analysis reduces the error bar by ~10% compared to the standard one, but this improvement is lower than the one expected from previous forecasts. In addition, the larger volume of this dataset, when compared to previous releases of the eBOSS quasar catalog, does not always correspond to a reduction of the final uncertainty on local PNG. This could suggest the presence of still unknown systematic effects in the data.
If the quasars have a lower response to local PNG, our optimal constraint becomes -23 < f
NL < 21 at 68%, with an improvement of 30% over standard
analyses. We also
show how to use the optimal weights to put data-driven priors on the sample's response to
local PNG.
On-chip quantum NOON state sensing for temperature and humidity
Authors: Luo 罗 Weihong 伟宏 , Wu 吴 Chao 超 , Du 杜 Yuxing 昱星 , Zhao 赵 Chang 畅 , Yu 余 Miaomiao 苗苗 , Zhu 朱 Pingyu 枰谕 , Zhang 张 Kaikai 凯凯 , Xu 徐 Ping 平
Published: August 2024

A maximal photon number entangled state, namely NOON state, can be adopted for sensing with a quantum enhanced precision. In this work, we designed silicon quantum photonic chips containing two types of Mach–Zehnder interferometers wherein the two-photon NOON state, sensing element for temperature or humidity, is generated. Compared with classical light or single photon case, two-photon NOON state sensing shows a solid enhancement in the sensing resolution and precision. As the first demonstration of on-chip quantum photonic sensing, it reveals the advantages of photonic chips for high integration density, small-size, stability for multiple-parameter sensing serviceability. A higher sensing precision is expected to beat the standard quantum limit with a higher photon number NOON state.
Comparison of feed-forward control strategies for simplified vertical hopping model with intrinsic muscle properties
Authors: Patkó Dóra , Zelei Ambrus
Published: August 2024

To analyse walking, running or hopping motions, models with high degrees of freedom are usually used. However simple reductionist models are advantageous within certain limits. In a simple manner, the hopping motion is generally modelled by a spring-mass system, resulting in piecewise smooth dynamics with marginally stable periodic solutions. For a more realistic behaviour, the spring is replaced by a variety of muscle models due to which asymptotically stable periodic motions may occur. The intrinsic properties of the muscle model, i.e. preflexes, are usually taken into account in three complexities—constant, linear and Hill-type. In this paper, we propose a semi-closed form feed-forward control which represents the muscle activation and results in symmetrical hopping motion. The research question is whether hopping motions with symmetric force-time history have advantages over asymmetric ones in two aspects. The first aspect is its applicability for describing human motion. The second aspect is related to robotics where the efficiency is expressed in term of performance measures. The symmetric systems are compared with each other and with those from the literature using performance measures such as hopping height, energetic efficiency, stability of the periodic orbit, and dynamical robustness estimated by the local integrity measure (LIM). The paper also demonstrates that the DynIn MatLab Toolbox that has been developed for the estimation of the LIM of equilibrium points is applicable for periodic orbits.
A hybrid optimization for distributed generation and D-STATCOM placement in radial distribution network: a multi-faceted evaluation
Authors: S Anbuchandran , M Arumuga Babu , D Silas Stephen , M Thinakaran
Published: August 2024

The deregulation of the power system, upward growth in electrical energy demand and network expansion have resulted in an increasing integration of distributed generation (DG) and distribution static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) into radial distribution systems (RDS). Nonetheless, the optimal allocation of these devices is highly important to derive immense benefits. This investigation narrows down on optimizing DG and D-STATCOM placement in IEEE 33-bus RDS with a view to increase bus voltages, decrease power losses as well as maximize economic gains. The study undertakes a comprehensive analysis comparing the technical, economic and environmental performance of DG and D-STATCOM; thereby enabling power engineers to make informed choices concerning which device will be most advantageous when it comes to delivering power in RDS. A fuzzy enhanced firefly optimization (FEFO) approach is proposed for the optimization and a multifaceted evaluation in terms of technical, financial and environmental is presented for effective decision-making on distributed energy resource deployment. D-STATCOM and wind DG integrations led to notable reductions in power loss and pollutant emissions, highlighting their effectiveness in improving power quality and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. While wind DG incurred a higher installation cost ($3,100,749.2) compared to D-STATCOM ($90,566.6), it achieved greater yearly power loss cost savings ($69,198 versus $47,619). FEFO’s efficiency in optimization stands out, aiding engineers in making informed decisions for optimizing D-STATCOM and wind-DG integration in the IEEE-33 RDS, ultimately enhancing system performance and cost-effectiveness through proactive planning. The integration of D-STATCOM and wind DG led to a significant improvement in distribution system efficiency, with D-STATCOM reducing real power loss by 28.7% and reactive power loss by 27.8%, while wind DG achieved greater reductions of 41.8% in real power loss and 37.5% in reactive power loss, alongside reductions in pollutant emissions of 1.5% and 2.2%, respectively.
La La Land
Authors: Lewis Hannah
Published: August 2024

This book examines the development, style, and reception of the 2016 film musical La La Land. Directed by Damien Chazelle with music by Justin Hurwitz, the film told the story of a romance between an aspiring actress and jazz pianist as the two pursued their dreams in Los Angeles. It contemporized the classic Hollywood musical, using a vintage form to tell a modern story. Its blend of nostalgia and realism made it an instant classic, while prompting a range of critical and audience responses. Drawing on extensive personal interviews with director Damien Chazelle, composer Justin Hurwitz, choreographer Mandy Moore, and lyricists Pasek and Paul, the author explores La La Land’s aesthetic approach to the film musical genre, particularly its simultaneous engagement with and subversion of the classic Hollywood musical’s stylistic and narrative expectations. The book delves into the film’s depiction of jazz, focusing in particular on how race and genre intersect in its narrative. The film’s reception, specifically the critical response from its premiere to the 2017 Academy Awards, reflected broader cultural expectations and understandings of the film musical and its continued appeal for twenty-first-century audiences. By exploring the range of stylistic and cultural debates that La La Land prompted, a great deal can be learned about the film musical genre’s enduring and evolving place in contemporary American culture.
The Development of a “Realist Musical”
Authors: Lewis Hannah
Published: August 2024

This chapter traces the development of La La Land from director Damien Chazelle and composer Justin Hurwitz’s first collaboration at Harvard to the final version that premiered in 2016. Drawing on press accounts and my own personal interviews with Chazelle, Hurwitz, and other members of the creative team, the author recounts how La La Land developed and evolved, from both logistical and aesthetic standpoints, considering the factors that led to the final version of the screenplay, songs, and story. The author stresses the collaborative nature of the film’s development, while also pointing to the auteurist tendencies across Chazelle’s work, and the importance of Hurwitz’s music in sonically marking his collaborator’s individual style.
Nostalgia, Homage, and Bittersweet Endings
Authors: Lewis Hannah
Published: August 2024

Chapter 2 delves into the various ways that La La Land references film musicals of the Golden Age, both through intertextuality and through reliance on well-known conventions of the film musical genre in its overarching structure and narrative. It focuses on some of the most notable sources of homage in the film, particularly the Gene Kelly–Stanley Donen films made for MGM; the Fred Astaire–Ginger Rogers films of the 1930s; and the films of French director Jacques Demy. Throughout, the author describes the ways that Chazelle, Hurwitz, and the rest of the creative team sought to infuse the film with opposing impulses, a melancholy with a cynical edge. The chapter also explores the film’s tensions between nostalgia, homage, and modernity in its music, lyrics, and audiovisual style.
The Lyric Setting in Rorem’s Catullus: On the Burial of His Brother
Authors: Oade Stephanie
Published: August 2024

Chapter 5 considers some of the fundamental lyric traits outlined in Part I and sets them in the context of Catullus poem 101 and Ned Rorem’s song Catullus: On the Burial of His Brother. Through a joint analysis of the music and text, it is shown that Rorem was able to maintain some of Catullus’s lyric qualities through the reception process, especially elements of subjectivity, ‘universality’, scale, and addressivity. However, an investigation into the use of voice in the poem and song shows that the composer, translator, and performer all appropriate and mediate the text in different ways, leading to a new dialogism through performance. A study of the structural decisions made by Rorem further complicates the application of the lyric genre.
Cycles in Catullus and Orff’s Catulli Carmina: Ludi Scaenici
Authors: Oade Stephanie
Published: August 2024

Chapter 7 comprises a textual study of the lyric cycle extracted and appropriated by Carl Orff from the Catullan corpus for use in his work Catulli Carmina. Orff’s intention was to create a ‘story’ for a semi-staged ‘drama’ based on the Catullus–Lesbia affair, but to do this without interfering with the structural integrity of Catullus’s lyric poems. The Orffian poem sequence is positioned within the tradition of the song cycle in its musical-historical context, as well as alongside the scholarly traditions that read cycles in the Catullan corpus. Orff’s poem selection is then scrutinized as a functioning textual and musical cycle, and its inherent tendencies towards repetition and stasis are balanced against its narrative potential and opportunities for dramatic progression.
Lyric Structures in Catullus 64 and Strauss–Hofmannsthal’s Ariadne auf Naxos
Authors: Oade Stephanie
Published: August 2024

Chapter 9 considers the parallel frame structures of the poem’s ekphrasis and the opera’s Spiel im Spiel form. By relating these frame structures to the internal audiences they create and the perspectives they consequently generate, it is shown that aspects of lyricism are embedded in the processes of viewing and in the continuous recontextualization of the central characters through multiple perspectives and layers of symbolism. The character of the Composer and the commedia dell’arte troupe are discussed for their contributions to the opera’s large-scale allegorical purpose. The lyric reading is developed by exploring the integration of subjectivity in both works, as well as the now-familiar shifting style (das Gleitende) that runs throughout.
ReCIDE: robust estimation of cell type proportions by integrating single-reference-based deconvolutions
Authors: Li Minghan , Su Yuqing , Gao Yanbo , Tian Weidong
Published: August 2024

In this study, we introduce Robust estimation of Cell type proportions by Integrating single-reference-based DEconvolutions (ReCIDE), an innovative framework for robust estimation of cell type proportions by integrating single-reference-based deconvolutions. ReCIDE outperforms existing approaches in benchmark and real datasets, particularly excelling in estimating rare cell type proportions. Through exploratory analysis on public bulk data of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients using ReCIDE, we demonstrate a significant correlation between the prognosis of TNBC patients and the proportions of both T cell and perivascular-like cell subtypes. Built upon this discovery, we develop a prognostic assessment model for TNBC patients. Our contribution presents a novel framework for enhancing deconvolution accuracy, showcasing its effectiveness in medical research.
FateNet: an integration of dynamical systems and deep learning for cell fate prediction
Authors: Sadria Mehrshad , Bury Thomas M
Published: August 2024

Motivation

Understanding cellular decision-making, particularly its timing and impact on the biological system such as tissue health and function, is a fundamental challenge in biology and medicine. Existing methods for inferring fate decisions and cellular state dynamics from single-cell RNA sequencing data lack precision regarding decision points and broader tissue implications. Addressing this gap, we present FateNet, a computational approach integrating dynamical systems theory and deep learning to probe the cell decision-making process using scRNA-seq data.

Results

By leveraging information about normal forms and scaling behavior near bifurcations common to many dynamical systems, FateNet predicts cell decision occurrence with higher accuracy than conventional methods and offers qualitative insights into the new state of the biological system. Also, through in-silico perturbation experiments, FateNet identifies key genes and pathways governing the differentiation process in hematopoiesis. Validated using different scRNA-seq data, FateNet emerges as a user-friendly and valuable tool for predicting critical points in biological processes, providing insights into complex trajectories.

Availability and implementation

github.com/ThomasMBury/fatenet.