bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity in Pregnancy Is Associated with Increased Flow-mediated Dilation
Authors: REYES LAURA M. , FAROOQ SAULEHA M. , SKOW RACHEL J. , BUSCH STEPHEN A. , PYKE KYRA E. , KHURANA RSHMI , CHARI RADHA S. , STICKLAND MICHAEL K. , DEVOLIN MAUREEN , DAVIDGE SANDRA T. , SOBIERAJSKI FRANCES , LUGG ANNA , STEINBACK CRAIG D. , DAVENPORT MARGIE H.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

To determine the role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and glucose metabolism during late pregnancy.

Methods

Seventy normotensive, euglycemic pregnant women (31.6 ± 2.9 yr) in their third trimester (28–39 wk) were recruited. After a fasted blood sample; FMD was measured (brachial artery Doppler ultrasonography, normalized for the shear stimulus [area under the curve]). Anterograde and retrograde shear rate were estimated. Physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior were assessed via accelerometry for seven consecutive days (Actigraph wGT3X-BT). We categorized the women as active (>150 min·wk−1) or inactive (<150 min·wk−1) according to their accelerometry data. Data were corrected for age and gestational age.

Results

On average, women were sedentary 67.1% ± 8.2% of their waking hours. Active pregnant women (>150 min·wk−1 MVPA, n = 32) engaged in 266.7 ± 99.3 min·wk−1 MVPA, whereas inactive pregnant women (<150 min·wk−1 MVPA, n = 38) engaged in 76.1 ± 42.5 min·wk−1 MVPA. The FMD response (normalized to the magnitude of shear stress stimulus) was greater in active compared with inactive pregnant women (6.5 ± 4.4 a.u. vs 3.9 ± 3.5 a.u.; F = 4.619; P = 0.005). The MVPA in active pregnant women was inversely correlated with insulin concentrations (r = −0.556; P = 0.03). In inactive pregnant women, higher amounts of sedentary behavior were associated with lower amounts of retrograde shear rate (r = 0.504; P = 0.02), retrograde blood flow (r = 0.499; P = 0.02), and retrograde velocity (r = 0.508; P = 0.02) during baseline, but not correlated with the FMD response.

Conclusions

Engaging in MVPA during pregnancy is associated with improved FMD and a lower insulin concentration. Sedentary behavior was not associated with FMD responses.
Case Report: Load, Intensity, and Performance Characteristics in Multiple Grand Tours
Authors: VAN ERP TEUN , HOOZEMANS MARCO , FOSTER CARL , DE KONING JOS J.
Published: November 2019

Introduction

The aim of this study was to present the load, intensity, and performance characteristics of a general classification (GC) contender during multiple grand tours (GTs). This study also investigated which factors influence climbing performance.

Methods

Power output (PO) data were collected from a GC contender from the Vuelta a España 2015, the Giro d’Italia 2017, the Giro d’Italia 2018, and the Tour de France 2018. Load (e.g., Training Stress Score and kJ spent) and intensity in five PO zones were quantified. One-way ANOVA was used to identify differences between the GTs. Furthermore, performance during the four GTs was quantified based on maximal mean PO (W·kg−1) over different durations and by the relative PO (W·kg−1) on the key mountains in the GTs. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to identify which factors influence relative PO on the key mountains.

Results

No significant differences were found between load and intensity characteristics between the four GTs, with the exception that during the Giro d’Italia 2018, a significantly lower absolute time was spent in PO zone 5 (P = 0.005) compared with the other three GTs. The average relative PO on the key mountains (n = 33) was 5.9 ± 0.6 W·kg−1 and was negatively influenced by the duration of the climb and the total elevation gain before the key mountain, whereas the gradient of the mountain had a positive effect on relative PO.

Conclusions

The physiological load imposed on a GC contender did not differ between multiple GTs. Climbing performance was influenced by short-term fatigue induced by previous altitude meters in the stage and the duration and gradient of the mountain.
Relationship between postpartum depression and lactation status at a Japanese perinatal center: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Suzuki Shunji
Published: November 2019

Background:  Some studies have demonstrated that breastfeeding can protect mothers from postpartum depression; therefore, we examined the association between postpartum depression and lactation status at one month after delivery at a Japanese perinatal center.

Methods: We reviewed the obstetric records of all (total 809) nulliparous healthy women with vaginal singleton delivery at 37-41 weeks’ gestation at our institute between July 2018 and June 2019. A face-to-face interview with the women was conducted on admission for delivery to ask whether or not they hoped to perform exclusive breastfeeding for their babies, and an additional interview was conducted one month after delivery to ask about their feeding methods currently. Maternal mental status was examined based on the scores using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and women with EPDS scores of ≥9 points were regarded as ‘positive screening’.

Results: 592 women (73.1%) hoped to perform exclusive breastfeeding for their babies on admission. Of these, at one month, 442 (74.7%) performed exclusive breastfeeding, while 150 (25.3%) performed mixed or artificial feeding. The average EPDS scores and the incidence of EPDS scores ≥9 points in the women performing exclusive breastfeeding were 4.3 ± 3.6 and 14.3% (63/442), respectively. They did not differ from those in the women performing mixed or artificial breast feeding [4.2 ± 3.7, p = 0.60 and 13.3% (20/150), p = 0.78].

Conclusion: Development of postpartum depression does not seem to be associated with incomplete breastfeeding at our hospital, and therefore there are other risk factors indicated in the development of postpartum depression.
ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКАЯ РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ КОНЦЕПТА «ОДЕЖДА» В ЭВЕНСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Authors: Kuzmina Raisa Petrovna
Published: November 2019

Цель. В статье впервые дается классификация наименований традиционной одежды эвенов по лексико-семантическим группам, выделяются основные функции повседневной и ритуальной одежды эвенов. Целью исследования является системный анализ наименований традиционной одежды эвенов, выявление и описание этнолингвокультурных особенностей тематической группы «Одежда» в говорах и диалектах эвенского языка и классификация наименований одежды по лексико-семантическим группам.Метод и методология проведения работы. В работе используется метод сплошной выборки (при первоначальном сборе материала из источников), метод ступенчатой идентификации словарных дефиниций (при определении состава тематической группы.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что автором были введены в научный оборот лексические единицы, не зафиксированные в двуязычных словарях эвенского языка, а также был систематизирован языковой материал ТГ «Одежда» в говорах и диалектах эвенского языка.Область применения результатов. Практическое применение работы обусловливается возможностью ее использования в сравнительно-сопоставительных исследованиях языков и культуры тунгусо-маньчжурских народов, при составлении сравнительных и диалектных словарей эвенского языка.
ОСНОВНЫЕ СЛОВООБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ МОДЕЛИ АБСТРАКТНЫХ ИМЕН В ЭВЕНСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Authors: Nesterova Elena Vasilievna
Published: November 2019

Цель. Статья посвящена разбору основных словообразовательных моделей абстрактных имен в эвенском языке. Автор ставит целью выявить структурно-словообразовательные особенности абстрактных имен в эвенском языке.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основным методом исследования служит описательный, также применяются методы словообразовательного анализа.Результаты. В статье выявлены основные словообразовательные типы абстрактных имен в эвенском языке. Рассмотрены морфонологические изменения в производных абстрактных именах. Разобраны способы словообразования абстрактных имен, выявлено, что наряду с традиционным суффиксальным способом, абстрактные имена в эвенском языке активно образуются путем конверсии (морфолого-синтаксическом способом).Область применения результатов. Результаты работы могут быть применены в исследованиях по синхронному словообразованию в эвенском языке, в сопоставительных исследованиях производной номинации тунгусо-маньчжурских языков.
СПОСОБЫ ОТРАЖЕНИЯ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПОДЛИННИКА В РУССКОЯЗЫЧНЫХ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯХ Л. ОЗЕРОВА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПЕРЕВОДА ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЙ К. ХЕТАГУРОВА)
Authors: Dzaparova Elizaveta Borisovna
Published: November 2019

Статья посвящена перспективному в современной филологической науке направлению ‒ художественному переводу. Как активнейшая из форм межкультурного диалога перевод способствует взаимодействию языков, культур, вовлеченных в переводческий процесс. Через перевод читатель познает национальную картину мира, запечатленную писателем в художественном произведении.Целью исследования является анализ русскоязычных произведений классика осетинской литературы Коста Левановича Хетагурова сквозь призму переводческого опыта известного переводчика и поэта Льва Озерова.Основным методом исследования является сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ, предполагающий сличение текстов на формальном и содержательном уровнях. В ходе сопоставления разноязычных текстов (оригинала, перевода) выявляются основные переводческие решения в преодолении Озеровым трудностей, связанных со спецификой осетинского языка. На примере художественных переводов стихотворений Хетагурова «Песня бедняка», «Прощай!..», «В новогоднюю ночь», «Дума жениха» исследователем устанавливаются сходства и расхождения в подаче переводчиком лексического состава языка оригинала. В поле зрения автора статьи – проблема воспроизведения оценочной лексики, формальной организации, национальной специфики исходного текста.Результаты. На основе проведенного анализа установлено, что переводчик местами адаптирует подлинник под вкусы своего читателя. Для этого в переводной текст вводятся лексические единицы, более характерные для русской действительности, а в подаче образа героя больше узнаваем, как кажется, психологический портрет лирического героя русской литературы. Отрадное впечатление оставляет передача образных средств, язык переводного текста местами более метафоричен. Озеровым сохранены грамматические признаки слов оригинала. При передаче формальной организации стиха в переводе наблюдается частичное обеднение концовок строк.Область применения результатов. Результаты могут быть применены преподавателями и студентами на занятиях по теории и практике художественного перевода, а выводы использованы в разработке спецкурсов и спецсеминаров по основам переводоведения.
ВОЗРАСТНЫЕ СЕМАНТИКО-СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ФУНКЦИИ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ Я-ONE В РЕЧИ АНГЛИЧАН ПРЕСТИЖНЫХ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ГРУПП
Authors: Tislenkova Irina Aleksandrovna , Glebova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Bgantseva Irina Vladimirovna
Published: November 2019

Статья посвящена анализу ранее не изученных возрастных особенностей функционирования местоимения подлежащего я-one в речи англичан – представителей социальной элиты Великобритании.Цель исследования состоит в социолингвистическом анализе пьесы Тома Стоппарда «The Invention of Love» для выявления возрастных групп престижных слоёв населения, употребляющих местоимение one в значении «я», и описания его функций.Основные методы, использованные в исследовании: социолингвистический анализ речи персонажа посредством социолингвистических категорий.Результаты. Проведённый анализ контекстов употребления подлежащего я-one позволил прийти к выводу о том, что в молодости данное местоимение выступает средством социокультурной самоидентификации личности, в зрелости – способом самовыражения, в старости – самооценки и трансляции опыта.Область применения результатов. Полученные в процессе исследования данные могут быть использованы на занятиях по курсу перевода, стилистики и семиотики.
МЕТАФОРИЧЕСКИЙ ОБРАЗ ЗИМЫ В РЕКЛАМНОМ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОМ НАРРАТИВЕ
Authors: Men’shikova Ekaterina Evgen’evna
Published: November 2019

Цель. Настоящее исследование посвящено выявлению языковых средств, за счет которых реализуется метафорический образ зимы как времени года в рекламном туристическом нарративе.Метод или методология проведения работы. Методами исследования послужили общенаучные методы наблюдения и описания, а также метод семантического анализа.Результаты. Анализ текстов сети Интернет показал, что метафорический образ зимы в рекламном туристическом нарративе представлен различными тематическими сферами, представляющими географические характеристики, атмосферные явления, растительный и животный мир, наименования блюд рождественского или новогоднего праздничного стола, предметы зимней одежды, праздничную культуру, сказочных (зимних) персонажей и т.д. В исследовании рассматриваются не только собственно метафоры, но также сравнения, эпитеты и олицетворение.Область применения. Практическая значимость настоящего исследования заключается в возможности применения изложенных теоретических положений и практических результатов в лекционных курсах некоторых разделов по общему языкознанию, лингвокультурологии и межкультурной коммуникации.
СРЕДСТВА СОЗДАНИЯ КОМИЧЕСКОГО ЭФФЕКТА В РАССКАЗЕ С. ЛИКОКА “AN IDEAL INTERVIEW WITH ONE OF OUR GREATEST ACTORS”
Authors: Bizikoeva Lana Sergeevna
Published: November 2019

Цель. Статья посвящена средствам создания комического эффекта в художественном произведении. Цель исследования заключается в комплексном анализе рассказа Стивена Ликока «An Ideal Interview With One of Our Greatest Actors» для выявления лингвостилистических средств, обеспечивающих достижение комического эффекта.Основные методы, использованные в исследовании: описательно-аналитический и метод контекстологического анализа.Результаты. Проанализировав существующие понятия комического, а также средства, репрезентирующие комический эффект в рассказе Стивена Ликока «An Ideal Interview With One of Our Greatest Actors», автор приходит к выводу, что последний достигается посредством различных стилистических приемов, главные из которых ирония и комическое преувеличение (гипербола).Область применения результатов. Полученные в ходе исследования результаты могут быть использованы в преподавании стилистики английского языка и интерпретации текста.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ТРЕХМЕРНЫХ НАВИГАЦИОННЫХ КАРТ ДЛЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ СУДОВОЖДЕНИЯ ПО ВНУТРЕННИМ ВОДНЫМ ПУТЯМ
Authors: Prokhorenkov Andrei Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2019

Проводка судна по внутренним водным путям всегда представляла собой сложную задачу, требующую от судоводителя хороших знаний специальной лоции района плавания. Для уверенного ориентирования судоводитель должен правильно опознавать знаки навигационного оборудования и ориентируясь по изменениям положения судна относительно них определять правильность движения судна и выполнять действия для его корректировки. Для надежности ориентирования судоводитель периодически обращается к навигационной информации, приведенной на картах атласов.Навигационная информация для судоводителей традиционно представлялась в форме карт, которые вне зависимости от носителя, представляли плоскую модель местности. Двухмерные карты применяются до сих пор и служат множеству целей, но они неизменно ограничивают восприятие.В настоящее время пока только для целей морского судоходства в стесненных условиях разработаны и внедряются трехмерные карты. Способ представления картографической информации в трех измерениях не является принципиально новым, однако для целей судоходства стал применяться только в последнее десятилетие. В настоящей статье рассматриваются перспективы применения трехмерных навигационных карт для судоходства по внутренним водным путям.Цель – идентификация новых особенностей управления судном с использованием трехмерных навигационных карт для повышения навигационной безопасности плавания по внутренним водным путям.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались методы ситуационного и структурного анализа качественно-сложной организационно-технической системы судовождения.Результаты: проведен сравнительный ситуационный анализ использования трехмерных навигационных карт применительно к особенностям условий плавания на внутренних водных путях.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты могут быть использованы при управление судами, оснащенными картографическими системами, отображающими трехмерные навигационные карты внутренних водных путей.
PFO closure consideration for refractory hypoxia and secondary prevention of recurrent arterial thromboembolism
Authors: David Maksimovich  , Dr. Cihan Cevik  , Christopher Micheal Merrick
Published: November 2019

Acute arterial and deep venous thrombosis presenting simultaneously are uncommon medical emergencies, usually secondary to an underlying cause. We present a 64-year-old woman with concurrent bilateral pulmonary embolisms and acute thrombotic occlusion of the right brachial artery. Her work-up revealed a large patent foramen ovale (PFO), with a right to left intracardiac shunt and bilateral lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. The patient was unable to be weaned off mechanical ventilation due to her refractory hypoxia. However, after closure of the PFO the patient’s oxygenation improved. This case demonstrates the potential beneficial role of PFO closure in a hypoxic patient with a right to left intracardiac shunt. In addition, closure of the PFO may provide secondary prevention of paradoxical systemic thromboembolism.
Immunoglobulin E associated respiratory diseases: Part 2
Authors: Ismail Amr , Iwuji Kenneth , Tarbox James
Published: November 2019

Multiple pulmonary pathologies have been associated with elevated levels of Immunoglobulin E (IgE). Since its discovery in 1966, its role in multiple diseases has become clearer. This has allowed for the emergence of new medications that target IgE. In this review, we will summarize some of the most common pulmonary pathologies in which IgE has a role in their etiology.
The association between body mass index and outcomes in patient with sepsis and acute respiratory failure
Authors: Juarez Edna , Edriss Hawa , Lear Michelle , Sanchez Asley , Yang Shengping , Nugent Kenneth
Published: November 2019

Background: Patients with increased body mass indices (BMIs) often present practicalproblems during their management for acute medical disorders in intensive care units. Somestudies suggested obese patients have longer ICU stays but lower in-hospital mortality rates.This study considers the effect of BMI on outcomes in patients with sepsis and respiratoryfailure.Methods: The electronic medical records of patients hospitalized between 2010 and2016 with sepsis who required mechanical ventilation were reviewed to collect demographiccharacteristics, clinical information including BMI subcategory, management requirements,and outcomes, such as mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS.Results: This study included 312 adult patients. The mean age was 59.1 ± 16.3 years;57.4% were men. The mean BMI was 29.3 ± 10.7 kg/m2. The median APACHE II score was14, 46.2 % of the patients had pulmonary infections, and 34.9% had extrapulmonary infections.The overall mortality was 42.6%. The mean LOS was 12.4 ± 11.8 days in the ICU and16.6 ± 13.6 days in the hospital. The mortality rates were 38.5% in underweight patients (BMI<18.5kg/m2), 51.1% in normal weight patients (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), 38.5% in overweightpatients (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), and 40.2% in obese patients (BMI >30 kg/m2). Body mass indexdid not have an independent effect on mortality after adjusting for age, gender, and APACHEII scores; however, overweight patients required more mechanical ventilation days and had anincreased LOS in the ICU and the hospital.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that patients with sepsis requiring mechanicalventilation have a high mortality rate and that BMI did not have an effect on mortality. Aprospective study which considers differences in clinical characteristics, managementrequirements, complications, and inflammatory parameters in different BMI subcategories isneeded. Overweight patients had an increased ICU and hospital LOS.
A responsabilidade civil objetiva do Estado por atos omissivos: realidade ou eterna tendência? | The objective State’s civil liability for omissive actions: reality or merely a tendency?
Authors: Faleiros Júnior José Luiz de Moura , Melo Luiz Carlos Figueira de
Published: November 2019

O presente trabalho visa analisar o estado da arte do tema relacionado à responsabilidade civil do Estado por atos omissivos após 30 anos de vigência da Constituição da República de 1988. O assunto, que sempre foi objeto de controvérsias, era apontado como tendência desde a promulgação da Carta Magna e continua a desafiar os Tribunais Superiores brasileiros, dando azo a divergências de interpretação e à alocação casuística de apontamentos, ora pautados na teoria subjetiva, outrora na teoria objetiva. Na abordagem proposta, para fins de recorte metodológico, serão analisados alguns julgados mais atuais do Supremo Tribunal Federal a fim de apurar se o posicionamento da Corte se pacificou a ponto de ser possível considerar o tema uma realidade ou se, ao revés, permanece sendo uma tendência. A análise casuística propiciará uma averiguação pautada no método indutivo para, após a avaliação dos julgados, avançar às conclusões sobre a premissa apresentada.
Developing the advanced nurse practitioner role in a memory service
Authors: Clibbens Richard , Depledge Angela , Hemingway Steve
Published: November 2019

This article describes how one NHS trust in northern England developed the advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) role within its memory services. It discusses how ANP roles were developed and implemented across four localities of a large NHS trust that provides a number of locally based memory services to improve the diagnostic pathway for people referred to the service and their carers. Advanced practice is considered more broadly followed by a review of the literature related to the role of the ANP and non-medical prescriber in mental health and, more specifically, memory assessment and diagnostic services. Challenges to gaining the requisite competency to work as an ANP are discussed. The need for a clear agreed strategy to ensure practitioner competence and effective governance for the introduction of these roles is described. It is argued that using this model allowed for mental health nurses within memory services to make a major contribution to the transformation of such services and receive recognition for the expansion of their role and appropriate remuneration linked to national NHS employment role profiles. The potential benefit of the ANP role more broadly in mental health services is discussed, together with factors that may have previously hindered their contribution to the transformation of services. The strategic development and planning process that led to implementing the ANP role within memory services is presented, together with a description of how the relevant higher level clinical skills required for the roles were achieved and formally accredited.
Pulse oximetry and the enduring neglect of respiratory rate assessment: a commentary on patient surveillance
Authors: Elliott Malcolm , Baird Jill
Published: November 2019

Clinical surveillance provides essential data on changes in a patient's condition. The common method for performing this surveillance is the assessment of vital signs. Despite the importance of these signs, research has found that vital signs are not rigorously assessed in clinical practice. Respiratory rate, arguably the most important vital sign, is the most neglected. Poor understanding might contribute to nurses incorrectly valuing oxygen saturation more than respiratory rate. Nurses need to understand the importance of respiratory rate assessment as a vital sign and the benefits and limitations of pulse oximetry as a clinical tool. By better understanding pulse oximetry and respiratory rate assessment, nurses might be more inclined to conduct rigorous vital signs' assessment. Research is needed to understand why many nurses do not appreciate the importance of vital signs' monitoring.
Getting lost in the maze of NHS patient safety publications and initiatives
Authors: Tingle John
Published: November 2019

John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses several recent reports on patient safety and argues that we may be in danger of over-engineering the patient safety debate
Fraud in the NHS
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: November 2019

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, outlines what constitutes fraud and the measures taken by the NHS to counter fraudulent activity
Assaults on staff: clear policies needed
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: November 2019

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, discusses what a health organisation's response should be to a report of a sexual assault on a member of staff
The effectiveness of home-based exercise programmes on mobility and functional independence in community-dwelling adults with Alzheimer's disease: a critical review
Authors: Brown Samantha Rachael , Yoward Samantha
Published: November 2019

Background/Aims

In the UK, two-thirds of people with dementia are community-dwelling. Guidelines recommend exercise to promote independence among this population, however evidence to support this is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of home-based exercise programmes on mobility and functional independence in people with Alzheimer's disease living in the community.

Methods

The following electronic databases were searched: AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, SPORTsDiscus, The Cochrane Library, PEDro, OpenGrey and Online Thesis. All included trials were assessed for methodological quality using PEDro bias scores and McMaster's Critical Appraisal Tool and Guideline. English language restrictions were applied.

Results

A total of seven trials were included within the review. Trial quality was mixed. All trials reported measures for mobility, while five trials included measures of functional independence. Results for the effectiveness of home-based exercise on mobility were mixed, with only two studies reporting significant improvements. Functional independence significantly improved in all trials.

Conclusions

The effectiveness of home-based exercise programmes on mobility in community-dwelling people with Alzheimer's disease remains inconclusive, while a growing body of evidence indicates its effectiveness in improving functional independence. However, high quality trials are scarce. Larger, randomised, controlled trials specific to this population are thus warranted.
The effect of the Bobath therapy programme on upper limb and hand function in chronic stroke individuals with moderate to severe deficits
Authors: Pumprasart Thanchanok , Pramodhyakul Noppol , Piriyaprasarth Pagamas
Published: November 2019

Background/Aims

The Bobath concept has long been used to improve postural control and limb function post-stroke, yet its effect in patients with deficits have not been clearly demonstrated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the latest Bobath therapy programme on upper limb functions, muscle tone and sensation in chronic stroke individuals with moderate to severe deficits.

Methods

A pre–post test design was implemented. The participants were chronic stroke individuals (n=26). Home-based intervention based on the Bobath concept was administered 3 days per week for 6 weeks (20 repetitions × 3 sets per task each session). Outcome measures consisted of the Wolf Motor Function Test, Fugl-Meyer Assessment for the upper extremity, Modified Ashworth Scale, and the Revised Nottingham Sensory Assessment. Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon Signed rank test.

Results

Almost all items of the Wolf Motor Function Test and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for the upper extremity demonstrated statistically significant differences post-intervention. Finger flexor muscle tone and stereognosis were also significantly improved.

Conclusions

The 6-week Bobath therapy programme could improve upper limb function and impairments in chronic stroke individuals with moderate to severe deficits. Its effects were also demonstrated in improving muscle tone and cortical sensation.
Rising Mortality From Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease in the United States in the 21st Century
Authors: Moon Andrew M. , Yang Jeff Y. , Barritt A. Sidney , Bataller Ramon , Peery Anne F.
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES:

In contrast with other developed nations, life expectancy is decreasing in the United States, in part due to increasing mortality from alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Up-to-date estimates of ALD mortality are necessary for setting public health priorities to reverse this concerning trend. We therefore aimed to assess current (2017) estimates of ALD mortality and temporal trends from 1999 to 2017.

METHODS:

Using national data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we analyzed stratified ALD mortality rates between 1999 and 2017. We determined the age-adjusted death rates, stratified by sex and categorized by age, race/ethnicity, urbanization, and census region. We also identified statistically significant changes in the annual rate difference (ARD), annual percentage change (APC), and average APC in ALD mortality.

RESULTS:

In 2017, mortality from ALD was higher than any other year since 1999 with age-adjusted rates of 13.1 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.9–13.3) in men and 5.6 per 100,000 (95% CI 5.4–5.7) in women. Mortality was highest among men and women who were middle aged, Native American, and from rural areas. Since 2006, ALD mortality has increased in almost every age group and race with the exception of non-Hispanic black men. Absolute increases in mortality rates have been particularly pronounced in Native American women (2005–2017 ARD 0.8, 95% CI 0.6–0.9), non-Hispanic/white men (2006–2017 ARD 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.4), and non-Hispanic/white women (2013–2017 ARD 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.5).

DISCUSSION:

Mortality from ALD is increasing over time in most demographic groups. Increased effort is needed to develop targeted public health strategies to address high and increasing ALD mortality.
Gastric Ulcer as Presentation of HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma and Resolution With HAART Therapy
Authors: Nassri Rama , Muftah Abdullah , Muftah Mayssan , Nassri Ammar , Alkhasawneh Ahmad
Published: November 2019

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a neoplasm of endothelium-derived cells that are associated with human herpesvirus 8 infection. In the setting of HIV, extensive disease typically necessitates highly active antiretroviral therapy in conjunction with chemotherapy. We report a patient who presented with gastrointestinal symptoms and was found to have KS presenting only as cratered gastric ulcers. The patient declined chemotherapy and was treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy alone and had complete resolution of KS on endoscopy and imaging up to 3 years later.
Susceptibilidad a desprendimientos de rocas en la urbanización La Teresona-Zopilocalco Norte, Toluca: premisas para el desarrollo comunitario
Authors: Ordaz Hernández Alexis , Esquivel Arzate Rosaura Karina , Hernández Santana José Ramón , Cabadas Báez Héctor Víctor
Published: November 2019

El crecimiento de los perímetros urbanos en México ha dado lugar a la ocupación de territorios de condiciones geomorfológicas complejas. Este es el caso del sector centro-norte de la ciudad de Toluca, donde actualmente residen 21 687 personas. Este trabajo se enfoca en el análisis de la susceptibilidad a los desprendimientos de rocas donde se consideran criterios litológicos, morfoestructurales y de ocupación y uso de la superficie. La integración de estas variables permitió revelar cinco niveles de susceptibilidad a los desprendimientos de rocas: muy baja, baja, media, alta y muy alta. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian las características desfavorables del sector para el desarrollo de infraestructura urbana. La desinformación geográfica sobre la realidad de este escenario ha conducido a un panorama de vulnerabilidad construida, con 4 270 viviendas en condiciones de media, alta y muy alta susceptibilidad a los desprendimientos, donde residen 15 796 personas. Esta condición de exposición produce un sistemático impacto en el desarrollo local, constatado actualmente con afectaciones a los inmuebles y a las vialidades, y atentando contra la vida social.
FILOLOGI NASKAH TAFSÎR BI AL-IMLÂ’ SURAT AL-BAQARAH KARYA KYAI ZAINI MUN’IM
Authors: Fawaid Ahmad
Published: November 2019

This is a philological study of the manuscript tafsîr bi al-Imlâ’ surat al-Baqarah Kyai Zaini Mun’im, the first founder of Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School Paiton, Probolinggo. This study deals to discuss systematic, forms, methods, style and ideology that contained in the script of tafsîr bi al-imlâ’ surat al-Baqarah. Having studied manuscript of tafsîr bi al-Imlâ’, it can be identified that: commentaries (tafsîr) of Kyai Zaini used tartib muṣḥafî’s systematic presentation, ra'yî’s form, taḥlîlî’s method, adabî ijtima'î’s style and Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah’s ideology. In addition, this study also found that the interpretation bi al-imlâ’ many affected by tafsîr al-Marâghî of Shaikh al-Marâghî and al-Manâr by Shaikh Muhammad Abduh and Rasyid Rida, in the form of ideas and writing formats. Nevertheless, in some interpretation on certain verses, Kyai Zaini’s interpretation is partly different from the two interpretation above, and it becomes its own peculiarities of the intellectual work of islamic boarding school.
POLIGAMI DALAM PERSPEKTIF FAKHR AL-DÎN AL-RÂZÎ DAN FAQIHUDDIN ABDUL KODIR
Authors: Tsurayya Rachma Vina
Published: November 2019

One of the religious and social issues that is intriguing and interesting to discuss is polygamy with various differences of opinion in it. This article will compare polygamy in the view of two classical and contemporary scholars, Fakhrudin Ar-Rozi and Faqihuddin Abdul Kodir. The background to the selection of these two figures is due to their opinions in the interpretation of the polygamy verse which is different from most commentators. In this verse we will discuss classical polygamy verse interpretation, verse background, and contemporary polygamy interpretation and then examine the contextualisation in this modern era and can see a more moderate interpretation by comparing them. This study concludes that the problem of polygamy is no longer focused on the underlying motives, but rather on the impact experienced by his wife and children. The interpretation of al-Râzî and Faqihuddin Abdul Kodir has been able to represent the voicing of women's rights in polygamy. This does not get the agreement of all parties, in the sense that there will still be parties that allow it for different reasons. However, the existence of this analysis can help each party to be more sensitive to the reality experienced by women. al-Râzî and Abdul Kodir are on a linear line that has severe conditions for permitting polygamy and encouraging other worship. Although both of them use different approaches and perspectives, they produce thoughts which in the author’s view are almost the same. Keyword: Polygamy; Contextualization; Moderation
UMMATAN WASAṬAN MENURUT M. QURAISH SHIHAB DALAM TAFSIR AL-MISBAH DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA
Authors: Rauf Abdur
Published: November 2019

Quran idealizes Muslims as ummatan wasaṭan, but in reality Muslims are still far from the idealism of the Quran. This article discusses the ummatan wasaṭan according to Quraish Shihab in Tafsir al-Misbah. The aim is to find out the interpretations and concepts of ummatan wasaṭan according to Quraish Shihab, as well as the relevance of their interpretation to the values of Pancasila. This research is a library research. This research uses documentation techniques and descriptive-analytical methods. This research also uses the comparison method. The results of this study found that: according to Quraish Shihab, ummatan wasaṭan were moderate people, who were not inclined to the left and right so that led to a fair attitude, and the people who became witnesses and were witnessed by all parties so that he was made an example. The characteristics of ummatan wasaṭan according to Quraish Shihab are eight. (a) Faith in Allah and His Messenger; (b) Firmness; (c) Wisdom; (d) Unity and cohesion and brotherhood; (e) Justice; (f) Modeling; (g) Balance; and (h) Inclusive. M. Quraish Shihab’s interpretation of ummatan wasaṭan is relevant to the values of Pancasila as the basis of the Republic of Indonesia. Keywords: M. Quraish Shihab, Ummatan Wasaṭan, Moderate
Transcervical thymic biopsy in the immunodeficient child
Authors: Campisi Paolo , Vong Linda , Sgro Jonathan M. , Wolter Nikolaus , Ngan Bo , Friedberg Jacob
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objectives of this study are to present a case series of immunodeficient children who underwent a transcervical thymic biopsy and to describe the transcervical approach to the thymus gland.

Design: Case series.

Setting: Pediatric otolaryngology practice in an academic setting.

Patients: Consecutive sample of immunodeficient children (≤18 years old) who underwent thymic biopsies from 1996 to 2019 for the purpose of confirming or excluding profound T cell immunodeficiency.

Intervention: Diagnostic transcervical thymic biopsy.

Results: A total of 14 patients with atypical combined immunodeficiency underwent the procedure during the study period, with minimal post-operative complication. The thymus was found to be abnormal histologically in 9 children and normal in another 5 patients. In all cases, thymus morphology helped define the extent of the immunodeficiency, resulting in either supporting a decision to perform a bone marrow transplant (8 patients) or avoid this high risk procedure (3 patients).

Conclusion: Thymus biopsy is helpful in the characterization of childhood immunodeficiency and provides critical information that affects the medical management. The transcervical approach to the thymus is feasible in children and can be accomplished with minimal morbidity.

Statement of novelty: Biopsies of the thymus have assisted in the characterization of new entities of primary immunodeficiency.
Elements of Flair and Fashion
Authors: Agbahoungbata Marielle
Published: November 2019

Let us start with a simple question: what allows you to read this article? Your eyes, the light? Whatever your answer is, you are right. But now, please, keep your eyes open and the light on, and imagine that this text is written exactly in the same colour as the paper. Would you be able to read?
IYPT and The Mother of All Tables
Authors: Rabinovich Daniel
Published: November 2019

A few years ago, the International Year of Chemistry (2011) was celebrated throughout the world with the organization of thematic conferences and symposia, special activities for children, the publication of a myriad of articles and reviews, and, of course, the release of postage stamps by many countries. Likewise, the International Year of the Periodic Table (IYPT) presents now another rare opportunity to relate the history of chemistry and showcase its societal benefits to a worldwide audience. As originally proclaimed by the United Nations and UNESCO, the IYPT also offers an incentive to promote international cooperation in the basic sciences for sustainable development and science education.
Synthesis, characterization and properties of biomass and carbon dioxide derived polyurethane reactive hot-melt adhesives
Authors: Chung Cheng-Hung , Shih Wen-Chang , Chiu Wei-Ming
Published: November 2019

Polyurethane reactive hot-melt adhesives (PURHs) are frequently employed in industries; however, there is still a need to develop more sustainable and versatile methodologies to expand the functions and fabrication of these important materials. Renewable feedstock can give PURHs with new functions, and reduce environmental impact. This study focuses on synthesizing PURHs using polyols derived from biomass (plants) and greenhouse gas (CO2) resources. These PURHs were characterized by multiple techniques, including solid-state13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), single-lap adhesive joints strength of stainless steel, and hydrolytic ageing. The PURH film based on biomass poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (bio-PTMEG) exhibited better water vapor permeability, tensile strength, and adhesive joints properties than PURHs based on cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) polyester diol and poly(propylene carbonate)-poly(propylene glycol) (PPC-PPG) copolymer diol. The polyols blend of bio-PTMEG with biomass and CO2based polycarbonate diols respectively provided PURHs films excellent hydrolysis resistance and adhesive strength on single-lap adhesively bonded stainless steel specimens. The work herein demonstrates that various renewable polyols can be employed in a sustainable fashion to optimize the structures and properties of PURHs for important applications.
Experimental and numerical analysis of an improved melt-blowing slot-die
Authors: Wang Yudong , Ji Changchun , Zhou Jianping
Published: November 2019

In order to reduce the melt-blowing fiber diameter, an improved slot die with internal stabilizers was designed. The air-flow field of the improved die was measured by a hot wire anemometer. Furthermore, utilizing computational fluid dynamics software, the air flow field from the improved slot die was studied and the work was validated with the laboratory measurement data. The experimental results and numerical simulation data indicate below the die surface, the internal stabilizers play an important role in the velocity distribution of the flow field. Firstly, the improved slot die can increase the velocity and the temperature near the centerline of the flow field and reduce the maximum value of turbulent kinetic energy, compared to the common die. Secondly, the end face of the slot hole has a certain influence on the surrounding flow field and the central area exhibits two-dimensional flow field distribution.
Mentalization-Based Treatment Versus Specialist Treatment as Usual for Borderline Personality Disorder: Economic Evaluation Alongside a Randomized Controlled Trial With 36-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Blankers Matthijs , Koppers David , Laurenssen Elisabeth M. P. , Peen Jaap , Smits Maaike L. , Luyten Patrick , Busschbach Jan , Kamphuis Jan H. , Kikkert Martijn , Dekker Jack J. M.
Published: November 2019

The authors present an economic evaluation performed alongside a randomized controlled trial of mentalization-based treatment in a day hospital setting (MBT-DH) versus specialist treatment as usual (S-TAU) for borderline personality disorder (BPD) with a 36-month follow-up period. Ninety-five patients from two Dutch treatment institutes were randomly assigned. Societal costs were compared with the proportion of BPD remissions and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) measured using the five-dimensional EuroQol instrument. The incremental societal costs for one additional QALY could not be calculated. The costs for one additional BPD remission with MBT-DH are approximately €29,000. There was a 58% likelihood that MBT-DH leads to more remitted patients at additional costs compared with S-TAU, and a 35% likelihood that MBT-DH leads to more remissions at lower costs. MBT-DH is not cost-effective compared with S-TAU with QALYs as the outcome, and slightly more cost-effective than S-TAU at 36 months with BPD symptoms as the outcome.
Engaging in Risky and Impulsive Behaviors to Alleviate Distress Mediates Associations Between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Externalizing Psychopathology
Authors: Sadeh Naomi , Bredemeier Keith
Published: November 2019

Despite increasing recognition that intolerance of uncertainty is a transdiagnostic dimension of psychopathology, very little research has investigated its relevance for externalizing psychopathology and related risky/impulsive behavior. Ninety-five unselected adults (ages 19–55, 53% men) recruited from the community completed a measure of intolerance of uncertainty, externalizing traits and problems, and risky/impulsive behavior. Higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty were associated with greater endorsement of externalizing symptoms (e.g., aggression, alcohol/marijuana use, problematic impulsivity) and last-month risky and impulsive behaviors. Relations between intolerance of uncertainty and externalizing symptoms/risky behaviors were mediated by a motivation to engage in these behaviors to avoid distress, but not by the motivation to experience pleasurable emotions. Findings suggest that difficulty tolerating uncertainty may confer risk for the externalizing spectrum of psychopathology by increasing the likelihood that an individual will engage in risky behaviors to alleviate distressing or unpleasant emotions.
Functional Dissociation of θ Oscillations in the Frontal and Visual Cortices and Their Long-Range Network during Sustained Attention
Authors: Han Hio-Been , Lee Ka Eun , Choi Jee Hyun
Published: November 2019

θ-Band (4–12 Hz) activities in the frontal cortex have been thought to be a key mechanism of sustained attention and goal-related behaviors, forming a phase-coherent network with task-related sensory cortices for integrated neuronal ensembles. However, recent visual task studies found that selective attention attenuates stimulus-related θ power in the visual cortex, suggesting a functional dissociation of cortical θ oscillations. To investigate this contradictory behavior of cortical θ, a visual Go/No-Go task was performed with electroencephalogram (EEG) recording in C57BL/6J mice. During the No-Go period, transient θ oscillations were observed in both the frontal and visual cortices, but θ oscillations of the two areas were prominent in different trial epochs. By separating trial epochs based on subjects’ short-term performance, we found that frontal θ was prominent in good-performance epochs, while visual θ was prominent in bad-performance epochs, exhibiting a functional dissociation of cortical θ rhythms. Furthermore, the two θ rhythms also showed a heterogeneous pattern of phase-amplitude coupling with fast oscillations, reflecting their distinct architecture in underlying neuronal circuitry. Interestingly, in good-performance epochs, where visual θ was relatively weak, stronger fronto-visual long-range synchrony and shorter posterior-to-anterior temporal delay were found. These findings highlight a previously overlooked aspect of long-range synchrony between distinct oscillatory entities in the cerebral cortex and provide empirical evidence of a functional dissociation of cortical θ rhythms.