bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tedarik Zinciri Yönetiminde Su Ayak İzi
Authors: Tanrıverdi İlknur
Published: December 2023

Üretim, tüketim ve ticaretin sürekli artması, doğal kaynakların hızla tükenmesi, kıt bir varlık olan temiz suyun sürdürülebilirliğini sağlama çabalarını doğurmuştur. Nüfus, tüketim ve su kullanımı tüm dünyada her geçen gün artmakta ancak temiz su kaynakları sürekli olarak azalmaktadır. Temiz suyun korunması, kullanımının azaltılması bir tercihten çok gereklilik halini almıştır. İnsan yaşamanın olduğu gibi ekonomik faaliyetlerin de önemli bir bileşeni olan su, artan nüfus, iklim değişikliği ve sanayileşme nedeniyle küresel tatlı su kaynaklarının her geçen gün azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Su ayak izi, kişi, işletme, bölge ya da ülkeler için hesaplanabilen, doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak kullanılan toplam su miktarıdır. Tedarik zinciri boyunca dağıtım, üretim, tedarik gibi tüm faaliyetler boyunca temiz su kullanımı söz konusudur. İşletmelerin tedarik zinciri süreçlerinde suyun sürdürülebilirliği konusunda proaktif davranmaları, kıt bir kaynak olarak tatlı su kaynaklarının korunmasında önemli bir etken olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı su tüketiminde önemli bir faktör olarak görülen işletmelerin su ayak izinin tedarik zinciri yönetimi açısından değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırmada tedarik zinciri yönetiminde su ayak izi araştırmalarını konu alan uluslararası literatüre dair sistematik bir literatür taraması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda Web of Science veri tabanında İngilizce olarak yazılmış, başlığında “supply chain (tedarik zinciri)” ve “water footprint (su ayak izi)” anahtar kelimeleri geçen makaleler taranmış ve belirlenen kriterler dahilinde 24 makaleye ulaşılmıştır. Makaleler içerik olarak incelenerek yazına ait gelişmeler değerlendirilmiştir.
Kurumsal Dijital Sorumluluk: Kurumsal Sorumluluğun Yeni Yüzü
Authors: Örs Şerife
Published: December 2023

Dijitalleşme ve yaygın etkileri doğrultusunda yakın zamanda tartışılmaya başlayan etik kaygılar, kurumsal sorumluluklar yazında kurumsal dijital sorumluluk kavramının ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Dijital teknolojilerin sorumlu kullanımına ve yönetilmesine odaklanan kurumsal dijital sorumluluk kavramı veri gizliliği, güvenlik, yapay zekanın etik unsurları gibi geniş alanlarda çeşitli konulara dijitalleşmenin olumsuz etkilerini en aza indirirken faydalarını en üst düzeye çıkarmayı amaçlayarak insan ve dijital teknolojiler arasındaki ilişkinin şekillendirilmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu bölümde kurumsal dijital sorumluluk kavramının tanıtılması amaçlanarak kurumsal dijital sorumluluğun kavramsallaştırılması ve pratikte uygulanabilir kılınması amacıyla yazında yürütülen tartışmalar, oluşturulmuş çeşitli ilkesel çerçeve ve modeller özetlenmiştir. Ayrıca, ilgili temel kavramlar ve sunulan çerçeveler doğrultusunda dikkat çeken tartışmaları hususlar ve kavramın geleceğine ilişkin hususlar kısa bir değerlendirme ortaya konulmuştur.
An Analysis of Variables Affecting Stock Exchange Investment
Authors: Petreco’ John
Published: December 2023

The objective of this study is to examine the determinants that impact stock market investment in Brazil, specifically in the city of Salvador. Emerging nations have the potential to utilize these marketplaces to foster their economies. Nevertheless, certain emerging countries may lack familiarity with the procedure. The stock exchange is a favored choice for companies seeking lucrative investment prospects. Investors usually make decisions in these markets by analyzing projected returns and risks connected with their investments, as these marketplaces are where financial transactions occur. Investors generally avoid high-revenue investments because of the considerable risks involved, choosing instead to pursue low-risk, low-revenue businesses. The present study was examined using a quantitative approach. The research was conducted in Salvador. Out of the 100 surveys distributed by the researcher, only 71 questionnaires were received and completed accurately. The researcher utilized single-regression analysis to identify the elements that impact stock exchange investment. According to the data, the stock market is most influenced by the supply and demand factor, which has the greatest impact. It is followed by the economic factor, the third component being competition, and finally the political element, which has the least influence. The data indicate that supply and demand have a significant influence on stock exchange investment in Brazil.
ATENDIMENTO À MULHER EM SITUAÇÃO DE VIOLÊNCIA
Authors: Da Silva Assompção Flaviane , Justen Gomes Thais , Nascimento Ana Caroline , Gabrielle Schmith Lamela  , Caroline Silva da Costa
Published: December 2023

O Centro de Referência de Atendimento à Mulher do Município de Petrópolis/RJ (CRAM Tia Alice) é o primeiro componente da rede municipal de enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher estudado nas atividades empíricas do projeto “O enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher no município de Petrópolis: Mapeamento das Formas de Violência e Análise das Políticas Públicas”, financiado pela Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ). O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o resultado desse estudo, consistente em uma análise dos atendimentos realizados na instituição. Classifica-se como um estudo analítico e descritivo. Na primeira seção é apresentado o CRAM enquanto instituição componente da rede de enfrentamento à violência. Na segunda é delineado o método utilizado para análise dos dados de atendimentos. Na terceira são apresentados os resultados obtidos da análise dos atendimentos dos anos de 2018 e 2019. Através dos trabalhos realizados foi possível a coleta de dados sensíveis sobre a violência contra a mulher e a atuação do CRAM Tia Alice, o que permitiu a sistematização desses dados e a consolidação de informações sobre a complexidade da violência contra a mulher no Município, no tocante aos anos de 2018 e 2019. Através dos resultados, torna-se possível a identificação de lacunas na coleta de dados e no atendimento; bem como identificação do perfil das usuárias do serviço e de como são impactadas pelas interseccionalidades, fatores sociais, econômicos e raciais diversos.
Implantação de uma ferramenta de triagem para consulta farmacêutica no município de Pirajuí-SP
Authors: Cardoso de Oliveira Gabriela , Mendonça Xavier de Moura Rute , Assis Fleury Camila
Published: December 2023

O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) apresenta como pilares o atendimento universal, integral e equitativo, sendo uma área de extrema importância a Assistência Farmacêutica visando a tratar racional e efetivamente os problemas de saúde. Contudo, apesar de grandes investimentos realizados pelo setor público, percebe-se uma limitação no sentido de efetivar e qualificar tais serviços. A falta de recursos estruturais e humanos, muitas vezes discrepantes com outros setores de assistência à saúde, leva os gestores a minimizar as necessidades da população em relação aos Cuidados Farmacêuticos. No sentido de realizar um levantamento sobre necessidades da população do município de Pirajuí-SP em relação ao atendimento farmacêutico clínico, o presente estudo visou aplicar um questionário como ferramenta de triagem para o direcionamento dos pacientes atendidos na Farmácia Municipal com relação ao Cuidado Farmacêutico. Este estudo é transversal e descritivo, onde 60 pacientes foram convidados a preencher um questionário impresso em entrevista presencial relacionando a complexidade da farmacoterapia e características individuais do paciente que facilitem ou dificultem sua adesão. Os dados são tratados estatisticamente. Ao decorrer da pesquisa, observamos que 72% dos pacientes possuem polifarmácia, que neste estudo foi considerado uso de 6 medicamentos ou mais de forma contínua, e que 73% dos pacientes obtiveram pontuação acima de 10, escore definido como encaminhamento para uma consulta farmacêutica. O direcionamento destes a um serviço de consulta farmacêutica tornaria sua farmacoterapia mais efetiva e segura, além de trazer ao setor economia de gastos com medicamentos e tratamentos especializados.
Alimentação escolar: benefícios e carências nutricionais relacionados com o aprendizado de crianças em fase pré-escolar
Authors: Bento Gonçalves Rafacho Izabelly , Jamas-Pereira Eliriane
Published: December 2023

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) visa o crescimento e desenvolvimento biopsicossocial, a aprendizagem, o rendimento escolar, a formação de práticas alimentares saudáveis, além de ofertar alimentação e orientação nutricional para os estudantes. A refeição fornecida deve ser balanceada e saudável para suprir parte das necessidades nutricionais para manter um padrão de concentração e aumentar o desempenho do aluno em sala de aula, entretanto apesar da eficácia do programa, existem diversas irregularidades na rotina alimentar do ambiente escolar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a rotina e os benefícios de alimentação escolar das crianças, ainda que existam carências nutricionais, além de destacar os programas de educação nutricional nas escolas elaborado pelo Nutricionista. Foi elaborada uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados, com artigos de 2013 a 2023. Discute-se que as diretrizes do PNAE estabelecem a necessidade nutricional do cardápio, a especificação e limites dos tipos de alimentos supervisionados pelo nutricionista, porém o programa apresenta diversas irregularidades que afetam o estado nutricional do aluno devido à baixa qualidade e variedade dos alimentos ofertados. Além de favorecer os índices de desnutrição e obesidade causados pela alimentação inadequada dos estudantes, principalmente nos casos de vulnerabilidade social, pois muitos vão para a escola apenas para se alimentar. Conclui-se que o programaapesar de benéfico, ainda apresenta carências que podem afetar o aprendizado dos estudantes. Assim os programas de educação nutricional podem contribuir no consumo de alimentos saudáveis, e consequentemente minimizar a insegurança alimentar, a obesidade e desnutrição causadas pela alimentação inadequada.
CROP ATTRIBUTES, FARM DECISIONS CROP SPECIFIC POLICIES IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABILITY OF PRODUCTION IN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Harun Mohammed Endris , Legesse Belaineh
Published: December 2023

Ethiopia’s government has created a number of policies and programs to address the urgent issue of rising food prices. Extension and regulation initiatives aiming at influencing the production and marketing are frequently used in conjunction with them. However, lack of indices on relative importance of individual crops results poor policy outcomes. Analyzing household decision dynamics and how household decisions respond to policies is crucial to reduce persistent complaints from recipients and avoid negative policy outcomes. For this study, data from 392 randomly chosen households of Kewot woreda was used. Sorghum found with higher calorie index per profit while mung bean was found higher profit index. Crop diversification found inefficient that arise from profitability differences and return to scale. Additionally multiple objectives could be met using tradeoffs among different crop benefits. This study also summarizes major findings from previous crop-related policies and linked them to specific crop characteristics. It is advised that policies be adjusted to reflect the value, character, and utility of crops.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PROFIT AND FINANCIAL POSITION IN THE PREDICTION OF BANKRUPTCY IN THE MEAT PROCESSING BRANCH
Authors: Čavlin Miroslav , Vapa Tankosić Jelena , Jovanović Radomir , Pavlović Marko
Published: December 2023

The issue of solvency, i.e. the risk of bankruptcy of the company, is always a subject of concern for management and stakeholders, especially creditors and investors. Understanding the impact of indicators of profitability, liquidity and dynamic solvency on the risk of bankruptcy expressed by Altman’s Z-score is the goal of the research, which is significant for both theory and practice. The research analyzes large companies from the branch of processing and preserving of meat of the Republic of Serbia for the five-year period 2018-2022. The findings for large companies for the processing and preserving of meat, based on regression analysis, show that ROA and Current Liquidity Ratio make a statistically significant contribution predicting the Altman Z score.
SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS WITH REFERENCE TO AGRICULTURAL FARMS
Authors: Rajnović Ljiljana , Vujić Tamara , Vujić Milan
Published: December 2023

The aim of this paper is to show that business entities that apply ethical principles in their business, gain a good reputation on the market and trust in the quality of their product. Thus, it is known that the business entity is responsible, which enables it to fulfill the basic goal of business, which is to make a profit. The subject of research in this paper is the impact of socially responsible business on the market position of business entities. The authors specifically investigated the application and impact of socially responsible business rules on the position of agricultural farms in the territory of the municipality of Ruma. The instruments used in this research are a survey of farm owners and other stakeholders, an extensive literate review and a method of comparative analysis. The results of the research show that compliance with the rules of business ethics, in the long term, brings more profit to the business entity, so compliance with those standards is becoming more and more universal. That is why agricultural producers follow the rules of socially responsible business. The authors concluded that the social responsibility of business entities is an ethical demand that society places on them, a correlation with two demands that they are already faced with: economic - gaining profit and legal.
ESTIMATION OF PREVALENCE, EFFECT AND COST OF MASTITIS ON SIMMENTAL DAIRY FARMS OF DIFFERENT SIZES
Authors: Gantner Vesna , Jožef Ivana , Gantner Ranko , Steiner Zvonimir Steiner , Zmaić Luka , Solić Dragan , Potočnik Klemen
Published: December 2023

Mastitis, a production disease highly prevalent in dairy farming, poses a significant challenge to farmers. It is responsible for decreased milk production, reduced milk quality, and increased treatment costs. Thus, early detection and prompt treatment are essential to prevent the infection and minimize the mastitis impact. This study aimed to determine how farm size affects the prevalence, effect, and cost of mastitis. Therefore, a total of 4,922,751 test-day records for dairy Simmental cows collected in the period 2005-2022 were analysed. Results showed that mastitis was most prevalent among small farms, which also exhibited a lower total increase in milk production. In contrast, the highest prevalence of healthy cows was observed at large farms, with the highest total increase in milk production.
AGRARIAN DISTRESS: A CASE STUDY OF INDEBTEDNESS AMONGST FARMERS IN HARYANA STATE
Authors: Jakhar Babloo , Kait Rohtas , Lal Choote
Published: December 2023

This study addresses the critical issue of farmer indebtedness as the primary cause of agrarian distress in Haryana, India. The pervasive challenge of debt negatively impacts farmers’ livelihoods and agricultural sustainability, creating a cycle that hampers investment in modern farming technologies and sustainable practices. The study highlights the disproportionate access to credit, with institutional lenders favoring semi-medium, medium, and larger farmers, while small and marginalized farmers resort to non-institutional sources with higher interest rates. This unequal access perpetuates financial strain on the latter group. The findings emphasize the urgent need for government intervention and institutional support to assist marginalized and small farmers. The study advocates for comprehensive measures, including risk mitigation strategies, enhanced credit access, minimum support prices, and sustainable agricultural policies, to break the cycle of farmer debt and ensure the well-being of those crucial to our food systems.
AN OVERVIEW ASSESSING OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AGRICULTURAL SECTORIAL DYNAMICS: A DRAFT ANALYSIS FORM THE ROMANIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Andrei Jean Vasile , Sima Violeta , Gheorghe Ileana Georgiana
Published: December 2023

The evolution of European agriculture is a result of the numerous paradigm transformations and reforms occurring during the time. The intensification and specialization of the agricultural sector have determined a set of challenges and changes which has imposed a dramatic shift from the traditional European agricultural model. The main aim of this paper is to assess and evaluate in a draft manner the European Union`s agricultural sectorial dynamics from the Romanian perspective. In order to identify main trends and gaps in the European agricultural sector and argue the aims and scope of the research some of representative indexes were analyzed and presented in the specific context: nominal. Using the descriptive analysis of indexes such as: value, price, and volume of the agricultural production, farm specializations, agricultural income per annual work unit (Indicator A) and key components, agricultural output, and intermediate consumption, this current research provides an insight introduction to the agricultural sector of the European Union (EU). The main analysis results could serve as inputs for policymakers in drafting the agricultural guidelines in terms of functionality and application in understanding the sectorial evolutions.
Питание для здоровья глаз – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Глаза – одни из самых важных органов чувств человека. С их помощью организм получает до 90% информации об окружающем мире. Основная функция глаз – помощь организму в приспособлении к условиям окружающей среды. Глаз состоит из роговицы, передней камеры, радужной оболочки, хрусталика и сетчатки. Управляют им мышцы, отвечающие за аккомодацию и движение. В глазах человека имеются светочувствительные клетки двух видов – палочки и колбочки. Палочки отвечают за сумеречное видение, а колбочки за дневное.

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Питание для здоровья нервов – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

В наше неспокойное время очень большой нагрузке подвергается нервная система. Она состоит из головного, спинного мозга и нервных волокон.

Нервам отводится очень важная роль в человеческом организме. Они связывают в единое целое все органы и системы, стимулируя их деятельность. А еще нервная система помогает приспособиться организму к изменчивости внешней среды.

Оказывается, что в теле человека существует тридцать одна пара спинномозговых нервов, а общая длина всех нервных волокон в организме составляет около 75 км!

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Питание для крови – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Кровь — это главная жидкость организма, циркулирующая по кровеносным сосудам. Она состоит из плазмы, эритроцитов, лейкоцитов и тромбоцитов.

Кровь является транспортным средством для кислорода, питательных веществ и продуктов обмена. Кроме транспортной функции, она поддерживает нормальную температуру тела и водно-солевой баланс в организме.

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Effect of Financial Literacy on The Growth of Micro and Small Enterprises in Kenya
Authors: Njoki David Muiruri
Published: December 2023

Micro and small enterprises (MSEs) constitute a vital segment driving economic growth and employment opportunities in various economies, especially in developing nations like Kenya. This study aims to comprehensively explore the intricate relationship between financial literacy and the growth trajectory of MSEs, in Kenya which is a developing country. The primary objective is to understand how proficiency in budgetary control, meticulous bookkeeping, adept debt management, and comprehensive knowledge of banking services influence the growth path of MSEs. The study integrates theoretical frameworks, including enterprise growth theories by Larry Greiner and the resource-based view theory advocated by Edith Penrose. Empirical findings reveal that MSEs, pivotal for economic impact, confront hurdles in accessing financial resources, often resorting to informal lenders with limited support and high interest rates. Insufficient knowledge about banking services, bookkeeping, and budgeting further hinders their growth. This research underscores the vital contribution of MSEs to Kenya's economy and the challenges impeding their growth. Emphasizing financial literacy as a key factor, the study provides theoretical foundations and practical insights.
Associations of Exposure to Lead with Hematological Change among Petrol Station Workers in Sana'a City- Yemen
Authors: Al-Sormy Adam Abdullah Y. Ahmed , Banafa Amal Mohammed
Published: December 2023

Lead is a toxic element and has become a growing health concern in different countries which causes acute, subacute, or chronic poisoning through environmental and occupational exposure.  Up to now, no report is available on the assessment and evaluation of the health effects of lead exposure in petrol station workers. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the changes in hematological parameters associated with occupational lead exposure among petrol station workers in Sana'a city -Yemen. A comparative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2020 among petrol station workers in Sana' a city. A total of 50 blood specimens were randomly collected from 38 workers and 12 control groups aged between 18 to 66 years. The hematological parameters and level of blood lead were measured by using fully automated Hematology and atomic absorption spectrophotometer, respectively. Also, the required information and associated risk factors were gathered by a standard questionnaire. The result revealed mean blood Lead levels are significantly higher among petrol station workers (17.80 ± 8.06 µg/dl) when compared to control groups (5.00 ± 2.34) (P =0.003). Also, a higher rate of blood Lead level was found among the age group of ≤ 20 years old, uneducated individuals working for 6-10 years, and working more than 12 h per day. The means of RBCs, HBG, HCT, and WBC in petrol station workers were insignificantly lower than those in control groups (P>0.05). There is a positive relationship between reticulocyte count and blood Lead level (r= 0.526; P=0.001). It can be concluded that high levels of blood Lead among petrol station workers consider seriously affect workers' health resulting from lack of personal protective equipment. The level of workers’ education seems to influence their practices of using personal protective equipment. Therefore, a clear educational and protection policy is required for those who are occupationally exposed to Lead.
Levels of Immunoglobulins among iron deficiency anemic children in Sana’a City Yemen
Authors: El-Aghbary Dekra A. , Al-Ashwal Sondos A. , Almorish , Mohammed A. , Alhadi Abdulrahman M.
Published: December 2023

Iron deficiency (ID) is a common cause of anemia worldwide. The importance of iron deficiency as a public health problem is based ultimately on the seriousness of its consequences on health. This case-control study aimed to evaluate the levels of immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG), and their association with hematological parameters, iron indices, total and differential leukocyte count among children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). This study was conducted during a period of six months; starting in December 2021 and ending in May 2022. During this period, 136 samples were collected from preschool-aged children (<5 years) who attended outpatient pediatric clinics in Al-Sabeen hospital for maternity and childhood and other private pediatric clinics in Sana'a city, Yemen. Sixty-eight IDA and 68 age and sex-matched healthy children were enrolled and a complete history was obtained. Clinical examination, C-reactive protein, albumin test, complete blood count, iron profile tests and immunoglobulins assays were performed. The results of the present study revealed that, serum levels of IgM and IgG in IDA group were significantly lower than those in control group (p= 0.001). Total leukocyte count and percentage of eosinophils were significantly increased (p= 0.01, 0.001, respectively), in contrast, percentages of lymphocytes and monocytes were significantly decreased (p= 0.002, p= 0.04, respectively) in IDA than control group.  However, there were no statistically significant differences in percentages of neutrophils, basophils and platelets count between the two groups (p=0.47, 1.00, 0.07, respectively). Serum levels of IgM were correlated with levels of Hb, HCT, RBCs, MCV, MCH, RDW, iron indices and percentage of eosinophils (p<0.05). However, serum levels of IgG were correlated with levels of all hematological parameters, iron indices and percentage of eosinophils (p<0.05). It can be concluded from these results that the IDA is associated with humoral immunity and may predict increased susceptibility to infections.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF WAVE ENERGY POINT ABSORBERS BUOY SHAPE
Authors: abd Elhamed Ahmed Mohamed Walid
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT: Energy demands have increased dramatically nowadays giving rise to the growing consumption of electricity, most of which is provided by fossil fuels, which has increased energy costs as well as the harmful emissions resulting from fuel combustion. This has resulted in advancements in the use of renewable energy sources to satisfy the current energy demands. These sources include the use of solar, wind, and wave power to generate energy in a green manner. This paper presents the use of wave energy point absorbers with various shapes to assess their performance when exposed to waves. Four buoy shapes are modelled and analyzed using Ansys Aqwa to observe their motion as well as their responsiveness to the out of balance forces subjected on them. The results show that the cylindrically shaped buoy can achieve around 52.8% more motion in the vertical direction when compared to the average motion of the different buoy designs. This shows that a cylinder buoy is the economic option for optimized wave energy absorption.
Effect of sulphur on productivity and quality of sugarcane plant and ratson crops grown in sugarcane (plant)-ratoon-wheat (Triticum aestivum) system on IGP alluvial soils
Authors: S.K. SHUKLA  , MENHl LAL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the spring seasons of 1998 to 2001 on sugarcane (plant)-ratoon- wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) cropping system. Five levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg Stha) were applied to sugarcane plant crop grown in randomized block design with 4 replications. Increasing level of sulphur increased the number of millable canes significantly. Higher cane growth (length, diameter and weight) was also obtained with increasing level of sulphur. Maximum sugarcane yield (77.68 tonnestha) was harvested with application of 80 kg Stha. The differences between 80 and 60 kg Stha and 60 and 40 kg Stha -were, however, not significant, indicating 60 kg Stha as optimum level. Sulphur applied in sugarcane plant crop improved the yield of ratoon as well. An increase of 20.89% in ratoon yield was observed from 0 to 80 kg Stha applied to plant crop.
Irrigation and nitrogen application schedules for hybrid 'ADTRH I' rice (Oryza sativa) in Tamil Nadu
Authors: EDWlN LUIKHAM  , J. KRISHNARAJAN  , M. PREMSEKHAR .  .
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Coimbatore during the rainy (kharif) season of 1999 and 2000, to study the effect of different water- and nitrogen-management practices on hybrid 'ADTRH I' rice (Oryza sativa L.) in clay-loam soil. The maximum yield of grain and straw were recorded with irrigation on the day of disappearance of ponded water which remained on a par with that obtained with irrigation 1 day after disappearance of ponded water. Among the nitrogen-management practices, significantly highest grain and straw yields were observed with recommended dose of 150 kg Ntha applied in 4 splits along with green manure. Similar trend was recorded for number of panicles, spikelets and filled grains while spikelet sterility and single grain weight remained unaf- fected by irrigation treatments, but showed a marked reduction of 2.0 to 2.5% at N,rN,>N, levels over No. Thus application of N in 3 or 4 splits helped reduce spikelet sterility and also improved grain weight significantly. The N uptake was significantly enhanced by the irrigation regimes with irrigation on the day of disappearance, and 1 day after disappearance of ponded water, being equally effective. Application recommended dose of N in 4 splits + green manure and 4 splits in different ratios were found equally effective in terms of nitrogen uptake. Higher agronomic efficiency was recorded with irrigation on the day of disappearance along with 4 splits of N + green manure and SPAD (spall out) basis of nitrogen application. Maximum water-use efficiency was obtained with wider irrigation interval at 3 days after disappearance of ponded water along with the 4 applications of N + green manure.
Effect of fertilizer levels and seed rates on growth and yield of surface-seeded wheat (Triticum aestivum) under lowland rice ecosystem of north Bihar
Authors: I.B. PANDEY  , V. BHARATI  , R C. BHARATI  , S.S. MISHRA
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the winter (rab~) seasons of 1997-98 and 1998-99 to study the effect of fertilizer levels and seed rates on growth and yield of surface-seeded wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) under lowland rice ecosystem of north Bihar. Application of 150, 75 and 50 kg N, P and Wha recorded sig- nificantly higher values of yield-attributing characters, grain and straw yield, net return and NPK uptake by the crop than the lower levels of fertilizer but net returnlrupee of investment and protein content in grains increased significantly only up to 120, 60 and 40 kg N, P and Wha. Among the seed rates, 175 kg seedlha resulted maxi- mum number of ears/m2, grain and straw yield, net return, net returnlrupee of investment and NPK uptake than 150 and 125 kglha seed rates. Protein content in grains was unaffected by seed rates. Application of 150, 75 and 50 kg N, P and Wha together with 175 kg seedlha was found to be the best for obtaining higher grain yield of surface-seeded wheat.
Effect of herbicides, phosphorus and phosphate solubilizers on growth, yield and weed-control efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Central Plateau and Hills Zone of India
Authors: A.S. JAT  , L R.C. DADHEECH  , BALDEV RAM  , M.L. JAT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur (Rajasthan), during 1998-99 and 1999-2000. Pooled analysis of data indicated a significant improvement in wheat (Tnticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) growth (plant height and total tillerslm2), yield attributes (effec- tive tillerslm2, grainslear), yields, benefit : cost ratio and P uptake was recorded with the herbicides but all were at par with each other. Pendimethalin resulted in highest grain (47.2 qlha), straw (63.3 qlha) and biological (1 10.5 qlha) yields as well as P uptake (30.4 kglha) followed by isoproturon. However, maximum benefit : cost ratio (3.60) was obtained from isoproturon followed by pendimethalin (3.15). Further, weed- control efficiency of all the herbicides did not produce significant variation with each other. P fertilization at 45 kg P20$ha significantly enhanced the plant height, total tillerslm2, effective tillerslm2, grainslear, test weight and yield as well as benefit : cost ratio (3.19) and P uptake (28.6 kglha) over 30 kg P20,1ha. Seed inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bac- teria (PSB) had significantly positive effects on total tillerslm2, effective tillerslm2 and grainslear as well as yield, benefit : cost ratio (3.18) and P uptake (29.0 kglha) by crop compared to no inoculation.
Effect of irrigation, sulphur and seed inoculation on growth, yield and sulphur uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under late-sown conditions
Authors: SHER SINGH  , S.S. SAlNl  , B.P. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons (rabi) of 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 on sandy- loam soils at CCS Haryana Agricultural Univesity, Hisar, to study the effect of irrigation, sulphur and seed inoculation levels of growth, nodulation and yield of chickpea or gram (Cicer arietinum L.) variety 'HC 1' under late-sown conditions. Two irrigations at pre-flowering and pod-development stages gave 16.4 and 7.4% more seed yield over no irrigation and 1 irrigation given at pre-flowering stage respectively. Highest consumptive use of water was recorded with 2 irrigations, while maximum water-use efficiency (WUE) in the control. Application of 40 kg Slha resulted in better growth, yield attributes, yield, consumptive use, WUE and S uptake than no sulphur and 20 kg Slha. Inoculation with Rhizobium + phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) significantly increased plant height, dry matter, nodulation, podslplant, yield, consumptive use, WUE and S uptake over single inoculation of Rhizobium or PSB and no inoculation; however, single inoculation with Rhizobium or PSB being at par were significantly superior over the control
Effect of tillage and moisture levels on growth, yield and nodulation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus) in the dry season
Authors: U.R. SANGAKKARA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental farm of the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, over 2 dry seasons (May-August 1999 and 2000) to evaluate the impact of tillage and soil moisture on growth, yield and nodulation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus L). The legumes were grown in tilled or compacted soils, under rainfed or irrigated conditions, which corresponded to low or high soil- moisture regimes. Germination of the small-seeded mungbean was reduced by soil compaction and low moisture. Crop growth of mungbean was also reduced to a greater extent by soil compaction and moisture stress. In contrast, the adverse impact of soil compaction and moisture stress was greater on pod yields of com- mon bean than on seed yields of mungbean. Tillage promoted root branching to a greater extent than root dry weights of both species, especially in the low soil-moisture regime. Nodulation was reduced to a greater extent by soil-moisture stress especially in common bean, the poor nodulating species.
Diversification of rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping system in new alluvial zone of West Bengal
Authors: R.C. SAMUI  , A.L. KUNDU  , D. MAJUMDER  , P.K. MAN  , P.K. SAHU
Published: December 2023

In a field experiment with rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based crop sequences, viz. rice-rice-dhaincha [Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers.], rice-rice, rice-mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cossonl-okra (Hisbiscus esculentus ), rice-potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)-sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), rice-potato-groundnut (Ara- chis hypogaea L.), rice-potato-rice, rice-wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.)-jute (Corchorus olitorius L.), rice-cabbage [Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var capitatal-rice and rice-mustard, were tested for their performances over 4 years during 1997-2000 at Kalyani, West Bengal. Rice-potato- groundnut gave the highest gross return, net return and benefjt,: cost ratio (Rs 105,117, Rs 68,0191halyear and 1.833 respectively), followed by rice-cabbage-rice, rice-potato-rice and rice-potato-sesame. Maximum amount of energy was harvested (196,980 MJIhalyear) from rice-potato-groundnut, followed by rice-potato- rice and rice-cabbage-rice. Rice-equivalent yield, production efficiency, land-use efficiency and energy-use ef- ficiency were highest in rice-potato-groundnut sequence. The yield of subsequent rainy-season rice in pooled analysis was also higher in rice-potato-groundnut sequence indicating that this sequence has good effect on subsequent rice crop.
Crop water productivity of crop sequences involving rice (Oryza sativa), jute (Corchorus species) and vegetables in deep and shallow tube-well commands of lower Gangetic plains region
Authors: S.B. GOSWAMI
Published: December 2023

Eight rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based crop sequences were evaluatkd during 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 for their land and water productivity in tube-well commands of Lower Gangetic Plains Region. On rice-equivalent yield basis autumn rice-cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. capitatal-summer rice (24.6 tonneslha) or cauliflower [B. oleracea convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. botrytis L.1-pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioca Rox b.)(23.4 tonneslha) crop sequences recorded significantly higher land productivity (LP) than other crop sequences like winter rice-wheat (Tn'ticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.)-jute (Corchorus sp.) (10.3 tonneslha) and winter rice-summer rice (1 1.7 tonneslha). Farm-level water productivity (WP) was computed on the basis of reference crop evapotranspiration (WP,) and water supply to fields (WP,). Winter vegetables recorded higher WP, (kg/m3) than summer-growing crop. The WP on the basis of ET was for cabbage 23.0, cauliflower 20.7, potato 18.8, tomato (Lycopersecon esculentum Miller nom. cons.)14.3, rice 1.6, wheat 2.1, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) 0.4, jute 0.7 and pointed gourd 2.5 kg/m3. The WP values in terms of water supply (WP,) was 30-50% lower than potential WP,,. The WP in economic term (Rs/m3) was also high in vegetables (Rs 24.6-31.5) and its inclusion in rice-based crop sequence increased the water productivity by 2-3 times compared to other non-vegetable-based sequences. Irrigation water charge for crop production was 4-6 times higher under private owned shallow tube-well run by diesel than the government owned deep tube-well. In ST well commands water cost (WC) for cultivation was much higher in winter rice-summer rice or autumn rice- cabbage-summer rice sequences (Rs 8-13 thousandlha) than autumn rice-tomato or other sequences. Inclusion of summer rice in the rice-rice system increased the WC for produce (Rs 57.7-71.8 q) in tubewell- irrigated ecosystem.
Assessing the method of application of farmyard manure on dryland crops
Authors: G. SUBBA REDDY  , V. MARUTHI  , M. SREE REKHA
Published: December 2023

A study was carried out during the rainy seasons of 1994-2000 to assess the method of application of farm- yard manure (FYM) on dryland crops. Application of FYM, on an average, increased the seed yield of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), castor (Ricinus communis L.) and pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] by 27, 23, 36 and 30% respectively, compared, to the recommended dose of cherni- cal fertilizer. Use of FYM in set row application gained 20, 13, 19, 19% yield increase in sorghum, sunflower, cas- tor and pigeonpea, respectively, over broadcasting and incorporation.
Chemical weed control in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) with or without sequential application of 2,4-D (EE)
Authors: MANGAT RAM  , HARI OM  , SURESH KUMAR  , S.D. DHIMAN
Published: December 2023

A field investigation was carried out during the rainy seasons of 2001 and 2002 with various herbicides, ap- plied alone or followed by sequential application of 2,443 (EE), to test their bio-efficiency in controlling weeds in direct- seed rice (Oryza sativa L.) sown on well-prepared seed bed. All the herbicidal treatments increased grain yield of the crop significantly over unweeded check while decreasing population and dry weight of the weeds but remained inferior to weed-free treatment. Uncontrolled growth of weeds caused 64.2 to 67.4% reduction in the crop yield compared to weed-free treatment. Among the herbicides, pendimethalin 1 .OO kglha (pre-emergence) + 2,443 (EE) 0.50 kglha (21 DAS), while remaining at par with anilophos 0.40 kglha (early post-emergence) + 2,4-D(EE) 0.50 kglha (21 DAS), gave the highest yield. The same treatment also resulted maximum reduction in density and growth of the weeds. Application of pendimethalin and anilophos in combination with 2,4-D(EE) proved significantly better than their single application.
Effect of spacing, levels of nitrogen and topping on yield and quality of irrigated , natu tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) grown in Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: S. KASTURI KRISHNA  , S.V. KRISHNA REDDY  , V. KRISHNAMURTHY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1998-2000 seasons to find out optimum plant population, nitrogen dose and topping level for the irrigated natu tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) variety 'Kommugudem'. Top quality (melimo, second quality (gulla) and total leaf yields at closer spacing of 80 cm x 80 cm were significantly higher than 100 cm x 80 cm spacing. Application of 450 kg Nlha being at par with 400 kg Nlha recorded significantly higher melimi and total leaf yields as compared to 350 and 300 kg Nlha. Topping at 16 leaves recorded signifi- cantly higher top quality, second quality and total leaf yields than topping at 14 leaves. Chemical analysis of leaf indicated that wider spacing of 100 cm x 80 cm had higher nicotine and lower reducing sugars than closer spac- ing of 80 cm x 80 cm. The nicotine content of the leaf intreased, while the reducing sugars and sugar; nicotine ratio decreased with increasing levels of nitrogen. Topping at 14 leaves showed higher nicotine and reducing sugars than topping at 16 leaves. Economics showed that irrigated natu tobacco can be grown profitably with 80 cm x 80 cm spacing fertilized with 400-450 kg Nlha and topped at 16 leaves.
Effect of source and level of sulphur on seed yield and nitrogen and sulphur uptake , by lucerne (Medicago sativa)
Authors: P.C. PATEL  , J.P. YADAVENDRA  , A. V. KOTECHA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of gypsum and elemental sulphur along with sul- phur levels for seed production of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) on sandy loam soils during winter seasons of 1998-99, 1999-2000 and 2000-2001. The crop was grown for seed crop after harvesting 2 green forage (GF) cuts. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yields were calculated from the GF yield. lncreasing levels of sul- phur from 20 kg to 40 kg Slha significantly increased the seed yield of lucerne. Further, application of sulphur re- sulted in higher DM and CP yields over the control. Treated plot with sulphur showed higher uptake of N by lucerne plants, in total of 2 cuts compared with the control. Application of sulphur increased significantly sulphur uptake by lucerne seed compared with the control. Application of S through gypsum removed higher S by seed lucerne over elemental sulphur. Increasing levels of sulphur from 20 kg to 40 kg Slha increased significantly the S uptake by lucerne seed, but further increase in sulphur level to 60 kg'S1ha significadtly reduced the uptake of S by lucerne seed. These results indicated that 40 kg S/ha was sufficient for the better utilization of nitrogen and sulphur and to obtain higher seed yield and net monetary returns.
Productivity and nutrient balance of soybean (Glycine max)-based cropping systems as influenced by nitrogen levels in deep Vertisols of Central India
Authors: P. RAMESH  , K. SAMMl REDDY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted on deep Vertisols during 2000-2001 to 2001-2002 to determine the produc- tion potential and nutrient balance of 3 cropping systems involving soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and their intercropping at 3 levels of fertility, viz. 0, 75 and 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) during rainy season (kharit), followed by wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.] at 100% RDN during winter (rabr). Sole sorghum at 100% RDN recorded higher productivity, while the wheat pro- ductivity was highest when it was preceded by sole soybean at 100% RDN. However, sorghum - wheat cropping system at 100% RDN recorded the highest total productivity of 5,003 and 5,033 kglha of soybean-equivalent yield in 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 respectively. This cropping system recorded the total uptake of 475.9, 76.3 and 466.7 kglha of N, P and K, respectively, and resulted in a positive balance of 10.6, 4.9, and 12.4 kglha of available soil N, P and K, after 2 years. However, soybean-based cropping systems enriched the soil-N, especially with the application of recommended doses of N.
Nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition of pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum) grown in sole and intercropping systems under rainfed conditions
Authors: D.K. SINGH  , R.L. AGRAWAL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the rainy seasons of 1997 and 1998 to assess the production poten- tial and economics of intercropping of pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. emend. Stuntz] with pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] and castor (Ricinus communis L.) under varying fertility levels. The experiment was conducted in split-plot design with 3 cropping systems (pearlmillet sole, pearlmillet + pigeonpez and pearlmillet + castor) in main plots and 4 sets of fertility levels (control, 40 kg N/ha, 40 kg N + 30 kg P205/ha, 80 kg N + 60 kg P205/ha) in sub-plots, replicated 4 times. lntercropping had no effect on yield attributes of pearlmillet. Sole pearlmillet gave significantly higher grain yield than pearlmillet intercropped with pigeonpea or castor. Sole - pearlmillet recorded higher N and P uptake than intercropped pearlmillet. The maximum pearlmillet-grain equiva- lent, net returns and benefit : cost ratio were obtained with pearmillet + pigeonpea followed by pearlmillet + castor. Sole pearlmillet recorded the lowest pearlmillet-grain equivalent net returns and benefit : cost ratio. The yield and yield attributes of pearlmillet pearlmillet-grain equivalent, N and P uptake and net returns were higher with higher dose, i.e. 80 kg N + 60 kg P205/ha. However, the maximum benefit : cost ratio was obtained with 40 kg N + 30 kg P205/ha and 80 kg N + 60 kg P205/ha (3.5).
Yield potential of fine-grain rice (Oryza under integrated sativa) nutrient management
Authors: P. BALASUBRAMANIYAN
Published: December 2023

A field investigation was carried out during 1997-98 and 1998-99 to study the effect of organics and integrated nutrient management in fine-grain 'Ponni' rice (Oryza sativa L.). Treatments consisted of fully organics, viz. green- manure, green-manure + neem-cake (250 kglha) as basal and 30 days after transplanting (DAT), basal + 30 DAT and these treatments in combination with the bio-fertilizer, Azospirillum at 2.0 kglha applied at 30 DAT. Integrated nutrient management included green-manure +50 kg Nlha, green-manure + 75 kg Nlha with or without Azospirillum at 2.0 kglha applied at 30 DAT. The green-manure +I00 kg Nlha and green-manure alone were also compared. Grain yield of 3.4 tonneslha was registered under completely organic combination of green-manure at 6.25 tonneslha, neem-cake 250 kglha as basal and Azospirillum (2.0 kglha) at 30 DAT. However, under integrated nutrient management with the combination of green-manure +I00 kg Nlha resulted in highest rice yield of 3.9 tonneslha.