bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
РОЗРОБКА БІОТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ОТРИМАННЯ БІОЛОГІЧНО АКТИВНИХ РЕЧОВИН З КЛІТИННИХ СТІНОК LAC. PLANTARUM
Authors: Безусов Анатолій Тимофійович , Доценко Наталія Вікторівна , Афанасьєва Тетяна Миколаївна , ПАЛВАШОВА ГАННА ІГОРІВНА
Published: March 2022

підтримуючи на певному рівні, що важливо при виробництві варених ковбас.
Вміст вологи є важливим показником, тому що волога є чинником розвитку мікрофлори, а також вона обмежена ДСТУ. Що стосується зміни вологи,  можна зробити висновки, що вологість фаршу змінюється в залежності від залишкової мікрофлори. Спочатку мікроорганізми споживають вологу і тому її кількість зменшується, а далі при приготуванні ковбасних виробів – збільшується, так як були зруйновані зв’язки між самими клітинами і, крім цього, додаткова волога могла потрапити із холодильника. Далі йде процес усушки і кількість вологи знову зменшується.
Development of TPACK and EQ-based 21st century learning through the teacher certification programme in Indonesia
Authors: - Iskandar , - Jumadi , Sastradika Dedi , Defrianti Denny
Published: March 2022

The aim of the research reported on here was to identify teachers’ comprehension of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) integrated with emotional quotient (EQ). We used mixed-method research with an explanatory model. The subjects of this research were 30 teachers who participated in the teacher certification programme and 30 who did not participate in the programme. Purposive sampling was used to select the sample. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. We used descriptive statistics and t-tests of the quantitative data analysis, while qualitative data analysis was carried out by reduction. The findings of the research point out that programme comprehension had an effect on TPACK integrated with EQ. These findings were supported by the average score of the teachers who participated in the programme, which was higher than those who did not participate in programme. In this regard, the factor was not only the experience of teachers at school but also the interactions between teachers in the process of the programme. Based on the research findings, the authors recommend all teachers to participate in programme.
Modified Ross operation (literature review)
Authors: Enginoev S. T. , Magomedov G. M. , Rashidova T. K. , Kondratiev D. A. , Abdrakhmanov E. N. , Chernov I. I. , Tarasov D. G.
Published: March 2022

One of the surgical methods for treating aortic valve pathology is the Ross operation, which was proposed by the British cardiac surgeon D. Ross in 1967. Numerous studies have shown excellent long-term outcomes of this operation. However, in some patients, pulmonary autograft dilatation may occur in the long term. To avoid this complication, technical modifications of this procedure have been proposed. A literature review on modified Ross operation as a prevention of pulmonary autograft dilatation is presented.
Incidence and prognostic value of acute kidney injury in pulmonary embolism: data from the SIRENA registry
Authors: Menzorov M. V. , Filimonova V. V. , Erlikh A. D. , Barbarash O. L. , Berns S. A. , Shmidt E. A. , Duplyakov D. V.
Published: March 2022

Aim. To evaluate the incidence and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI), as well as its ability to reclassify the risk of premature mortality and association with inhospital mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) in the Russian population.

Material and methods. From April 2018 to April 2019, the SIRENA Russian Multicenter Registry included patients with PE, as well as the deceased, in whom the PE was detected by autopsy. AKI was diagnosed according to current KDIGO guidelines (2012). Creatinine calculated according to the MDRD equation and corresponding to a glomerular filtration rate of 75 ml/min/1,73 m2 (baseline) was taken as the initial one, with subsequent assessment relative to the parameter value upon admission. The risk stratification of early death was carried out in accordance with the current ESC clinical guidelines (2019).

Results. A total of 604 patients with PE were examined (men — 293 (49%), women — 311 (51%), mean age — 64±15 years). AKI was diagnosed in 223 (37%) of them. Stage 1 AKI was detected in 146 (65%), 2 — in 55 (25%), 3 — in 22 (10%) patients. Prior chronic kidney disease was recorded in 61 (10%) patients. Seventy-one (12%) patients had a high risk of death, 364 (61%) — intermediate risk, and 164 (27%) — low risk. The AKI incidence increased as the severity of PE increased: at low risk of death — 26%, intermediate — 38%, high — 59% (p<0,0001). In total, 107 (18%) patients died in the hospital. AKI led to an increase in mortality within following risk groups: at low risk, this effect was a trend (6 (5%) vs 6 (14%); p=0,052); at intermediate and high risk, significant differences was obtained (30 (13%) vs 41 (30%), p<0,001; 4 (14%) vs 19 (45%), p=0,006, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression demonstrated that AKI is a predictor of inhospital death (odds ratio (OR), 3,66 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2,37-5,66; p<0,0001), regardless of increased troponin levels (OR, 1,31 (95% CI: 0,80-2,14; p=0,28) and right ventricular dysfunction (OR, 1,23 (95% CI: 0,74-2,04; p=0,42).

Conclusion. Thirty-seven percent of Russian patients with PE have AKI diagnosed by baseline creatinine. In 2/3 of the examined patients, stage 1 AKI is observed. The AKI incidence increases as the severity of PE increases. The presence of AKI reclassifies patients into a higher risk category for death and is associated with a significant increase in inhospital mortality.
Role of epicardial adipose tissue in the development of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Mustafina I. A. , Ionin V. A. , Dolganov A. A. , Ishmetov V. Sh. , Pushkareva A. E. , Yagudin T. A. , Danilko K. V. , Zagidullin N Sh.
Published: March 2022

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has unique properties due to its special anatomical structure, thermoregulation, and metabolic activity. Dysregulated EAT provokes the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, disorders in the metabolism of fats and glucose, as well as contributes to fatty degeneration of the myocardium and heart failure development. EAT may serve as a risk factor and biomarker for cardiovascular diseases, and is also a potential therapeutic target. The purpose of this review was to highlight current research data on EAT, secreted adipokines, their effect on target tissue metabolism, and to systematize the relationship between EAT and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, its function, role in heart failure, atrial fibrillation, as well as the prognostic value of various microRNAs determined in EAT are highlighted.
Approximating Perfect Recall when Model Checking Strategic Abilities: Theory and Applications
Authors: Belardinelli Francesco , Lomuscio Alessio , Malvone Vadim , Yu Emily
Published: March 2022

The model checking problem for multi-agent systems against specifications in the alternating-time temporal logic AT L, hence AT L∗ , under perfect recall and imperfect information is known to be undecidable. To tackle this problem, in this paper we investigate a notion of bounded recall under incomplete information. We present a novel three-valued semantics for AT L∗ in this setting and analyse the corresponding model checking problem. We show that the three-valued semantics here introduced is an approximation of the classic two-valued semantics, then give a sound, albeit partial, algorithm for model checking two-valued perfect recall via its approximation as three-valued bounded recall. Finally, we extend MCMAS, an open-source model checker for AT L and other agent specifications, to incorporate bounded recall; we illustrate its use and present experimental results.
Marvell Against Mourning
Authors: Laam Kevin
Published: March 2022

Andrew Marvell has several poems about “mourning” to his credit, most notably his funeral elegies for Francis Villiers, Henry Hastings, and Oliver Cromwell, which memorialize the deceased by deploying tropes of bereavement, grief, and consolation––that is, the stuff of elegy. Curiously, his short lyric “Mourning,” while likewise steeped in elegiac signifiers, scarcely traffics in the work of mourning. Instead, the poem acknowledges an alternative paradigm of mourning, shaped not by a psychoanalytic narrative of loss and restitution but by visually arresting permutations of the tear. The work of “Mourning,” thus rendered, is to measure the sincerity of a woman’s grief based on the quality of her tears, the volume and opacity of which make this work often seem a fool’s errand. In this paper I suggest that modern and contemporary discourses of memorial and elegy, which are marked chiefly by resistance to the consolatory imperative, may serve as a useful framework for seeing how Marvell treats the situation of grief in “Mourning”. Specifically, I look to the concept of “anti-mourning” as developed by the art historian Margaret Iversen, who in turn bases her formulation on Roland Barthes’s photographic theory of the studium and punctum. Anti-mourning, in its stress on leaving open the wound of melancholia, on resisting figurative and compensatory consolations, has useful implications for Marvell’s poem. It can help us understand the poem not as a case study in hermeneutic futility––or worse, casual misogyny––but rather as a pointed, elegant critique of the symbolic order of elegy.
Return to sport after capsuloplasty with a bone block in shoulder instability
Authors: Adriano Russo , Augusto Palermo , Luigi Molfetta
Published: March 2022

Objective: Propose a post-surgical rehabilitation program identifying the steps necessary for a progressive recovery of the joint function in compliance with the surgical needs. Material & method: In the anterior and posterior glenohumeral instability, the presence of bone defects, especially at the glenoid side requires surgery and the use of the bone block, associated with the repair of the soft tissues (capsuloplasty). The arthroscopic technique, compared to open surgery, allows respecting the periarticular anatomical structures, essential for optimal functional recovery. Results: The post-surgical rehabilitation program follows a progressive recovery timing, divided into 3 phases: phase 1 pain control and joint mobility recovery, phase 2 the recovery of strength and specific sport movements and finally phase 3 the return to sports activities. The rehabilitation progress must achieve two objectives: ROM recovery without disturbing the bone graft area, to achieve its integration. Conclusion: the rehabilitation program is ultimately guided by the surgeon considering the strategy adopted in the operating room, the use of the bone-block technique and above all the sealing of the grafts. The physiotherapist following the proposed steps will optimize the final functional result.
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Published: March 2022

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Nuclei isolation from snap-frozen human placental tissue for bulk ATACseq v1
Authors: Lindsay-Hewett Scott
Published: March 2022

This protocol describes the isolation of nuclei from snap-frozen human placental tissue for bulk ATACseq. It is a modified version of a protocol (SCBL Protocols - 10x Multiome Nuclei Isolation) supplied by the Jackson Laboratory (JAX), which is itself modified from Sigma Aldrich's Nuclei Isolation Kit: Nuclei EZ Prep protocol, and 10x Genomics' Demonstrated Protocol – Nuclei Isolation for Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Sequencing. It is recommended to work with no more than four samples at a time so that all samples can be processed in a timely manner.
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Authors: not provided khris
Published: March 2022

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BİR AUTEUR OLARAK KIESLOWSKI ve “VERONIQUE’İN İKİLİ YAŞAMI” FİLMİ
Authors: Yanat Bağcı Yelda , Akyılmaz Öznur
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmada, “içsel hayatların sinemacısı” ya da “sinemanın şairi” olarak anılan, gizem, mistisizm, melankoli ve dinsel öğeler gibi çeşitli araçları kullanarak insanların iç dünyasını şiirsel bir dille, evrensel ve toplumsal sorunlarıysa çarpıcı bir şekilde masaya yatıran Polonyalı yönetmen Kristof Kieslowski’nin onu usta ya da Fransızca deyişiyle “auteur” yapan sinematografik üslubu, film dili, anlatı yapısı ve karakter sunumu ele alınmaktadır. Yönetmenin tüm filmlerinin birbirini tamamlayarak ve birbirinden gelişerek yönetmenin film dilinin nihai noktasına gelmesinde önemli rolü vardır. Bu filmler içinde çalışmamıza konu olan “Veronique’in İkili Yaşamı” hem yönetmenin Polonya’dan Fransa’ya geçişi hem politik filmlerden şiirsel filmlere dönüşü hem de başyapıtı olan Üç Renk Üçlemesi’nin öncülü olması sebepleriyle ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Üzerine Türkçe akademik çalışma hiç yapılmamış olan sinema tarihinin bu önemli filmi yönetmenin şiirsel film dilinin tamamlayıcısı olan ve sonraki filmlerinde hep birlikte çalıştığı senarist, görüntü yönetmeni ve müzisyen ile tanışması anlamında da oldukça özellikli bir noktada durmaktadır. Bu bağlamda yönetmenin sinema hayatında ustalık dönemini simgeleyen ve büyük bir dönüm noktası olarak görülen, birbirinden habersiz iki özdeş kadının esrarengiz çiftgezerlik hikayelerinin anlatıldığı 1991 yapımı “Veronique’in İkili Yaşamı” filmi auteur kuramı çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda filmin yönetmenin auteur olarak tanımlanmasını sağlayan film dilinin ve anlatı yapısının tüm öğelerini taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir.
Lengthening of Femur by Bliskunov Device Using Application of Different Types of Osteotomies
Authors: Bliskunov A. I. , Le’kin M. G. , Jumabekov S. A. , Shuvaev V. G. , Kokurnikov V. N. , Kuzenko S. N. , Dragan V. V. , Plotkin A. V. , Andrianov M. V. , Zarichniy A. V. , Tkach A. V. , Shpuntov A. E.
Published: March 2022

One hundred fifty two patients underwent lengthening of 174 femurs with fully implanted guided device inwhich patients muscular energy was used as a source of energy. Dissection of bone from the side of bone marrow canal was carried out by specially eleborated osteotome which provided transverse oblique, oblique transverse, Z-shape strraight and Z-shape oblique osteotomy. Transverse osteotomy was applied in 59 patients (33.9%), oblique - in 70 (40,6%), oblique transverse - in 26 (14.9%) patients. Distraction stage was completed in all patients. In 165 (94.8%) out of 174 cases planned volume lehgethening was achieved. In 150 patients devices were removed. Average rate of distraction was 1.4 0,3 mm/ daily, average duration of distraction was 87 13 days. Good results were achieved in 141 cases (94%), satisfactory - in 7 cases (4.6%), unsatisfactory - in 2 cases (1.4%) out of 150. Complications were observed in 30 (17.2%) out of 174 cases. In 9 cases (5.2%) complications influenced the treatment outcome. Analysis of complications showed that they might be to great extent prevented by accurate observance of the technique of distractor implantation, performance of osteotomy, rate of distraction and rational postoperative management of patient.
Lasertherapy in Traumatology and Orthopaedics
Authors: Berglezov M. A. , Vyal’ko V. V. , Ugnivenko V. I.
Published: March 2022

Results of experimental and clinical laser application are presented. Lowenergetic laser was used for the treatment of patients with loco-motor system diseases and injury sequelae. Management of lasertherapy was elaborated; therapeutic action of laser was studied. Application of different methods of lasertherapy (external irradiation, combined lasertherapy, invasive methods) for the treatment of more than 10000 patients showed their high efficacy.
Results of Investigation of Theoretical Problems of Reparative Regeneration of Loco-Motor 58 System
Authors: Lavrishcheva G. I.
Published: March 2022

Results of investigations of the restorative processes in loco-motor system injuries are generalized. These investigations performed at the Department of Pathologic Anatomy of CITO from 1930s to 1980s included about 10000 experimental studies (2000 observations) and joint study with traumatologists, orthopaedic and plastic surgeons. Possibility of organotopic regeneration of limbs for the account of mesenchimal resource - skeletogenous tissue is emphasized. However such an outcome of the reparative regeration is possible only under strictly definite conditions created by the surgeon that are specific for different tissues (cartilage, bone, tendon) and in different types of their injury. Some conditions have been formulated for the first time.
Medial Elbow Instability in Athletes
Authors: Mironov S. P. , Burmakova G. M.
Published: March 2022

In Sports and Ballet Trauma Department of CITO 52 sportsmen of high qualification with medial elbow instability were treated from 1983 to 1995. Clinical signs and methods of examination are presented. The authors define three degrees of elbow instability resulted from medial collateral ligament insufficiency. This classification is taken as a principle for the choice of treatment tacktics. In 28 patients with instability of degree 1 the lateral stability of the joint was restored conservatively (remedial gymnastics to strengthen the surrounding muscles with special attention to the medial head of the triceps, electrostimulation, novocaine blockade along the ligament). Sixteen patients out of that group underwent the revision of elbow joint with chondroplasty and removal of loose bodies. Instability of degrees 2 and 3 was the indication to surgical treatment. Damaged capsular ligamentous system was sutured by dublicatums technique. In 3 patients autograft from triceps tendon was used to strengthen the medial wall of the elbow joint. Forty six patients were examined within 1-6 years after treatment; function elbow and sports activity were restored completely in all patients.
Basis for Improved Osteosynthesis in Supraisthmic Tibia Fractures Using Pivots with Rectangular Transverse Section
Authors: Kluchevskiy V. V. , Litvinov I. I. , Dzhurko A. D.
Published: March 2022

On the base of anatomic study of 300 cross-sections from 30 tibias the author conclude that in suproisthmic tibia fractures the pivot should be inserted into the nondrilled canal of bone fragments. Besides the pivot should be located more medially than tuberosity of the tibia and along the axis of the canal in isthmic region. To prevent the pivot wedging and fragments splitting the plane of wide sides of the pivot should be combined with the plane which is parallel to the medial side of the tibia independently on the fracture level. Modified pivot is suggested. Its proximal end has an additional crook towards the narrow sides. Pivot was applied in 18 patients and excellent results by Shvarzberg system score were achieved.
Modern Principles of Chemoprophylaxis of Postoperative Complications in Trauma and Orthopaedic Patients
Authors: Zubkov M. N. , Okropiridze G. G. , Savost'yanova O. V.
Published: March 2022

The basic preconditions and rational schemes of intraoperative chemoprophylaxis of purulent complications are considered. The leading role of Staphylococcus in the infection pathology of loco-motor system (in 77% of patients, aged after 18, with osteomyelitis and infection of soft tissue) is taken into account. The comparative analysis of the results of the 1st (cefazolin) and 2nd (zinacef) generation cephalosporins application is performed at reconstructive operations in the comparable groups of patients. With due regard for the significant rate of Staphylococcus resistence to cefazolin in vitro (up to 25- 42% of isolates in patients with different diseases) and considerably lower resistence to zinacef (under 10%) the authors consider the later to be more preferable for the prevention of suppurative complications in traumatology and orthopaedics.
V.A. Chernavskiy (commemorating the 100th anniversary)
Authors: Skoroglyadov A. V.
Published: March 2022

December 29, 1996, marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Viktor Alekseevich Chernavsky, an outstanding Russian traumatologist.Born in Smolensk province, he graduated with a silver medal from Smolensk high school in 1915 and the same year entered the medical faculty of Moscow University. His studies were interrupted in 1918, when Victor joined the Red Army and was sent to the Southern Front, where, as part of the 40th Division, he worked as a paramedic, and then an acting doctor. After his demobilization in 1921, he continued his studies at the Medical Faculty of the University, from which he graduated in 1923.
Desmoid Fibroma: are We Ready to Avoid the Surgical Treatment?
Authors: Chissov V. I. , Dar’aylova S. L. , Boyko A. V. , Koroleva L. A.
Published: March 2022

Thirty years experience of treatment of soft tissue desmoid fibroma (Moscow Oncologic Institute) is presented. Efficacy of surgical treatment versus combined and radiation therapy was studied. The rate of relapse of extraabdominal desmoids after surgical treatment was 94%, after combined treatment with preoperative radiation therapy the relapse rate decreased up to 27.5% but after postoperative radiation therapy up to 53%. After radiation therapy the relapse rate was 15.7%. However radiation therapy has limitations related the necessity of massive tumor irradiation and application of high doses of irradiation that may cause postradiation affect of tissues. During subsequent search the original method of chemiotherapy (tamoxiphen, vinblastin, methotrecoat) was tested. This method allows to achieve the persistent remission in 81.3% of patients. Principles of therapeutic tactics in desmoid fibromas are formulated.
Reconstruction and Plastic Surgery in Orthopaedic Oncology
Authors: Makhson A. N.
Published: March 2022

Author speaks an active supporter of the wide application of plastic surgery methods in clinical oncology. The experience of Department of Plastic and reconstructive Surgery at Moscow Municipal Clinical Oncologic Hospital has showed that application of different microsurgical technique of autotransplantation allowed to significantly widen the indications to organsaving operations in malignant tumors of loco-motor system, considerably improve both oncologic and functional results of treatment.
Extirpation of Humerus and Endoprosthetics in Total and Subtotal Tumor and Tumor-Like Lesions as the Alternative to Amputation
Authors: Palshin G. A.
Published: March 2022

The experience of operative treatment of 31 patients with total and subtotal tumor and tumor-like lesions of humerus for the period from 1967 to 1997 is presented. The perfection of total humerus replacement is reflected in chronological order on the materials of the Clinic of Bone Pathology, CITO, Moscow. The indications to extirpation are given. The peculiarities of operative technique and the elaboration of design of endoprosthesis to reduce the duration of operation and to improve the functional results are described. In 31 patients results of total replacement of humerus are given. In spite of high percentage of postoperative complications (infection - 6.5%, postoperative neuritis - 3,2, dislocation of endoprosthesis - 6.5%, relapse of the disease - 22.6%) endoprosthesis is an adequate operation improving the quality of life of patients.
Diagnosis of Osteofibrous Dysplasy in Children
Authors: Snetkov A. I. , Berchenko G. N. , Nechvolodova O. L. , Savkina L. F.
Published: March 2022

The first description in Russian literature of osteofibrous dysplasy in children is presented. It is grounded on the analysis of diagnostic peculiarities and treatment of 24 patients in the period from 1966 to 1996 The main diagnostic criteria by clinical, radiologic and pathomorphologic features are given. Osteofibrous dysplasy is a rare and insufficiently studied disease affecting mainly tibia in children of the first ten years. It has dysplastic congenital nature and is similar to the biastomatosis process. Saber-like deformity of the affected segment prevails in clinical picture. This deformity may be of different degree of manifestation and accompanied by painless. Eccentric intracortical location of pathologic focus is typical of radiologic picture. Morphologic examination is the main diagnostic method. Histologic study shows architectonics zone of the pathologic focus which consists of fibrous tissue with bone trabeculae inclusion (bone trabeculae with laminar structure) mainly surrounded by active osteoblasts.
Conservative Treatment of Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis in Children
Authors: Berezhniy A. P. , Ochkurenko A. A.
Published: March 2022

The experience in diagnosis (52 patients) and treatment (35 patients) of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in children is presented. In 17 patients conservative treatment was accompanied by surgical intervention. Eighteen patients received the conservative treatment only. Analysis covering medical documentation and authors observation showed that antibacterial therapy that was performed both before hospitalization of patients to CITO (20 patients) and at the institute (21 patients) was ineffective. Original scheme of conservative treatment with application of hormonal, nonsteroid antiinflammatory and metabolic therapy is given. Long term complex therapy proved sufficiently high efficacy of that treatment method and allowed to overcome the pessimism in prognosis of that disease.
Synovial Sarcoma with Limited Lesions of Lateral Condyle of the Femur (Case Report)
Authors: Tschupak M. Yu. , Denisov K. A.
Published: March 2022

Patient I., 46 years old, admitted to Hospital No. 62 on March 28, 1997, complaining of constant pains in the left knee joint and some restriction of movements in it. Swelling of the lateral condyle of the femur had appeared 6 months earlier, which was followed by pain, for which the patient applied to the local outpatient clinic. The patient was diagnosed with osteoarthritis, underwent physiotherapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, the pain was increasing. X-ray of the knee joint was performed, which revealed destruction of the external condyle of the left femur. The patient was hospitalized.
Refractures of Humerus Diaphysis
Authors: Ledinnikov I. M.
Published: March 2022

Out of 976 patients with humerus fractures and follow-up period during 13 years 12 patients had refractures. In 1 patient refracture was in the surgical neck region and in 11 patients in the diaphysis zone. Statistic analysis of complication rate depending on the injury pattern and severity as well as the treatment method gave the possibility to detect the risk factors. They included combined and multiple injuries, open fractures and surgical treatment. Term refracture as well as possible causes and preventive measures of that complication were discussed.
Neutrophils Activation in the Development of Early Complications after Total Joint Replacement
Authors: Balberkin A. V. , Rodionov S. V.
Published: March 2022

In 22 patients who underwent total joint replacement due to bone lesions blood neutrophils (integrine and immunoglobulin receptors) were studied before and after operations. All patients were divided into two groups: patients with favourable postoperative course and patients with prolonged course. In patients with favourable postoperative course the decrease of active neutrophils was observed after operation and that tendency lasted up to the 710 day, then that index gradually increased to initial level. On the contrary, in patients with prolonged postoperative course the level of active neutrophils increased on the 1-3 day and repeated increase was noted on the 7-10 day. That increase was accompanied by the increase of exudate volume in endoprosthetic region. Detection of prolonged postoperative course with the increase of active neutrophils gives the base to the use of medicines reducing the accumulation of neutrophils in endoprosthetic region as well as the drugs inhibiting their injuring effect on the surrounding tissues.
Oxyprolinuria and Glycosaminoglycansuria in Achilles Tendon Ruptures
Authors: Mironov S. P. , Gerasimov A. M. , Furtseva L. N. , Tikhomirov A. G. , Vasiliev D. O. , Merkurieva R. V.
Published: March 2022

In 17 athlets and ballet dancers with Achilles tendon ruptures oxyprolinuria and urine content of hexuronic acid were studied. Considerable increase of collagen and glycosaminoglycans decay products was detected. The results of differential spectrophotometry showed that urine glycosaminoglycanes presented by proteoglycans. It was assumed that Achilles tendon ruptures could be caused by excessive mechanical load and/or lack of the connective tissue metabolism. The authors consider that further study of oxyprolinuria as well as enzyme-substrate systems of glycosaminoglycans are perspective for the detection of trauma risk group.
Combined Trauma
Authors: Sokolov V. A.
Published: March 2022

Combined injuries are simultaneous injuries to the brain and spinal cord, facial skeleton, internal organs of the chest and abdomen, pelvis, spine, bony skeleton of the chest, bones and soft tissues of the extremities in various combinations. Most foreign researchers additionally include in this concept a certain lower level of injury severity index (for example, according to the ISS scale not lower than 20).
Treatment of Gunshot Femur Fractures
Authors: Nikolenko V. K. , Aksyonov Yu. V. , Drakin A. I. , Brizhan L. K. , Arbuzov Yu. V.
Published: March 2022

The report deals with the treatment of gunshot femur fractures. Brief historical review of curative methods for that type of military pathology is presented. Authors give their experience in management of 150 patients with gunshot femur fractures: statistic data, analysis of mistakes at the early stages of rendering surgical care, methods of the debridement of bone- muscular femur wound, recommendations on the complex treatment and rehabilitation of the victims.
Effect of simultaneous dosaged distraction on the preservation of injured growth zone
Authors: Merkulov V. N. , Shalnev A. N. , Lekishvili M. V. , Dorokhin A. I. , Sukhanov A. A.
Published: March 2022

Experimental study was performed on 22 puppies aged 3-8 months. Growth zone of the distal femur was examined after the modeling of its injury. There were three experimental groups: 1st - formation of 1-2 mm diastasis between the fragments using simultaneous distraction and fixation with interosseous osteosynthesis device on the day of injury (12 dogs); 2nd - formation of 1-2 mm diastasis and fixation with the device 2-3 days after injury (5 dogs); 3rd - treatment of the injured growth zone with plaster cast (5 dogs). Radiologic and morphologic examinations of the growth zone were performed. The best results were obtained in the 1st experimental group.
Our modification of the splint for the treatment of injuries of the finger extensor tendon at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint
Authors: Zolotov A. S.
Published: March 2022

A large number of methods have been proposed to treat injuries of the hand extensor tendon at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint, the so-called "hammertoe". These include the use of various plaster casts, metal and plastic splints, tendon suture, transarticular fixation with Kirschner spokes, etc. Meanwhile, getting a good result in the treatment of this minor injury is not easy. After many years of trying different ways to treat the hammer toe, we chose the method of fixation of the distal interphalangeal joint with a palmless, unlabelled concave aluminum splint.
Lesions and diseases of the distal radioulnar joint. Part II. Treatment
Authors: Golubev I. O.
Published: March 2022

The treatment of fresh lesions of the distal radioulnar joint (DLLJ) has undergone significant changes in the last decade. While conservative methods used to be preferred, with the advent of new technologies such as computed and magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy, the treatment approach has become more radical. Fractures of the radius penetrating the DLLS, i.e., fractures of the sigmoid notch, require the same treatment as fractures of the carpal articular surface, where a 2 mm displacement is considered unacceptable because it leads to the development of deforming arthrosis within 5 years in 100% of cases. Complete removal of the displacement avoids osteoarthritis in 85% of cases.
Compartment syndrome in patients with surgical pathology
Authors: Nazarenko G. I. , Kanyuchevsky A. B. , Minasyan A. M. , Arablinsky A. V. , Kuchin G. A.
Published: March 2022

Compartment syndrome (CS) combines different clinical conditions of organs and tissues blood supply disturbance with the closed space. Evolution of CS results from progressively increasing intraspace pressure which may cause the hemodynamic disorders in organs and tissues isolated within the space. Two main mechanisms of increased pressure are distinguished: decrease of space volume with unchanged volume of contents (e.g. as a result of localized external pressure) or increase of contents volume in the space. In clinical practice two types of CS are found most frequently: muscular-fascial and abdominal. Muscular-fascial CS evolves in the muscular-fascial space under increased pressure that evokes compression of vascular-nervous structures. Increase of intra-abdominal pressure is a mechanism of the CS evolution. Delay in diagnosis as well as the delay in operative intervention may result in severe complications, especially in elderly patients with a great number of concomitant diseases. In the same time severe complications of CS can be prevented by timely diagnosis and decompression of fascial spaces using minimum invasive surgical interventions, i.e. fasciotomies.
Colles’ fracture: two years follow-up. (results of conservative treatment)
Authors: Golubev I. O. , Shershneva O. G. , Klimin D. N.
Published: March 2022

In 82 patients with fracture of distal methaepiphyseal bones of forearm treated conservatively X-ray, clinical and functional outcomes were assessed at mean 2.2 years follow-up after trauma. Anatomical relation ship in radiocarpal joint was shown to provide only partial restoration using hand reposition. In time achieved correction was lost. The highest influence on the clench strength was exerted by varies degrees of carpal instability that was noted in 26% of patients as well as distal radioulnaris instability (43% of patients). The affect of slope augle of radius articular surface and degree of its shortening was unauthentic. The authors consider that Colles fracture to be taken as a complex injury of the wrist joint and thus the further development of treat ment technique is reqnired.
Diagnostic Performance of the PalmScan VF2000 Virtual Reality Visual Field Analyzer for Identification and Classification of Glaucoma
Authors: Shetty Vijay , Sankhe Prachi , Haldipurkar Suhas S , Haldipurkar Tanvi , Dhamankar Rita , Kashelkar Priyanka , Shah Dhruven , Mhatre Paresh , Singh Setia Maninder
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic test properties of the Palm Scan VF2000® Virtual Reality Visual Field Analyzer for diagnosis and classification of the severity of glaucoma.
Methods: This study was a prospective cross-sectional analysis of 166 eyes from 97 participants. All of them were examined by the Humphrey® Field Analyzer (used as the gold standard) and the Palm Scan VF 2000® Virtual Reality Visual Field Analyzer on the same day by the same examiner. We estimated the kappa statistic (including 95% confidence interval [CI]) as a measure of agreement between these two methods. The diagnostic test properties were assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).
Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the Virtual Reality Visual Field Analyzer for the classification of individuals as glaucoma/non-glaucoma was 100%. The general agreement for the classification of glaucoma between these two instruments was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.56–0.78). The agreement for mild glaucoma was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.61–0.92), for moderate glaucoma was 0.37 (0.14–0.60), and for severe glaucoma was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.55–0.85). About 28% of moderate glaucoma cases were misclassified as mild and 17% were misclassified as severe by the virtual reality visual field analyzer. Furthermore, 20% of severe cases were misclassified as moderate by this instrument.
Conclusion: The instrument is 100% sensitive and specific in detection of glaucoma. However, among patients with glaucoma, there is a relatively high proportion of misclassification of severity of glaucoma. Thus, although useful for screening of glaucoma, it cannot replace the Humphrey® Field Analyzer for the clinical management in its current form.
Structural and Functional Outcomes of Surgery for Lamellar Macular Holes with or without Epimacular Proliferations
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh , Pereira Arpitha , Jain Kushagra , Kumar Yadav Naresh
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To compare the clinical, optical coherence tomography (OCT) features, and surgical outcomes of lamellar macular hole (LMH) depending on the presence of epimacular membrane proliferation (EMPF).
Methods: This retrospective chart review included 112 eyes with LMH. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of EMPF. Group 1 had LMH without EMPF and Group 2 had LMH with EMPF. The best-corrected visual acuity was recorded and OCT scans were obtained.
Results: Lamellar macular hole without and with EMPF was noted in 62 (55%) and 50 (45%) eyes, respectively. The presence of EMPF was associated with lower presenting visual acuity (P = 0.049), wider LMH size at the largest diameter on the horizontal scan (P = 0.001), thinner residual retinal tissue (P =<0.0001), and larger IS-OS defects (P =<0.0001) as compared to the non-EMPF group. Of the 112 eyes, 18 eyes underwent surgery for LMH. Seven eyes had EMPF and the remaining eleven did not have EMPF. The average follow-up time for patients post-surgery and under observation was 16.8 and 24.1 weeks, respectively. A significant improvement in visual acuity was noted in the operated eyes with no EMPF as compared to the eyes with EMPF (P = 0.008). Worsening visual acuity (P = 0.021) was noted in eyes with LMH associated with EMPF which did not undergo surgery. Eyes with LMH and no EMPF, which were not operated on showed a minimal negative change in visual acuity.
Conclusion: LMH with EMPF showed a higher association with accompanying ellipsoid zone disruption. Better anatomical and functional outcomes were achieved in those eyes that underwent surgery for LMH with no presence of EMPF and ellipsoid zone defect.
Biodistribution of Cy5-labeled Thiolated and Methylated Chitosan-Carboxymethyl Dextran Nanoparticles in an Animal Model of Retinoblastoma
Authors: Delrish Elham , Ghassemi Fariba , Jabbarvand Mahmoud , Lashay Alireza , Atyabi Fatemeh , Soleimani Masoud , Dinarvand Rassoul
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The use of more potent medicine for local chemotherapy of retinoblastoma in order to minimize local and systemic adverse effects is essential. The main goal of this investigation was to assess the biodistribution of thiolated and methylated chitosancarboxymethyl dextran nanoparticles (CMD-TCs-NPs and CMD-TMC-NPs) following intravitreal (IVT) injection into rat eyes with retinoblastoma.
Methods: An ionic gelation method was used to fabricate Cy5-labelled CMD-TCs-NPs and CMD-TMC-NPs. The NPs were characterized. Cellular internalization of Cy5-labelled NPs was investigated using confocal microscopy and the absorption of labeled NPs was quantified by flow cytometry in human retinoblastoma (Y79) cells. In addition, the Cy5-labeled distribution of nanoparticles in the posterior segment of the eye was histologically imaged by confocal microscopy after IVT injection of NPs into the eyes of rats with retinoblastoma.
Results: CMD-TCs-NPs and CMD-TMC-NPs showed a mean diameter of 34 ± 3.78 nm and 42 ± 4.23 nm and zeta potential of +11 ± 2.27 mV and +29 ± 4.31mV, respectively. The in vivo study of intraocular biodistribution of Cy5-labeled CMD-TCs-NPs and CMD-TMCNPs revealed that there is more affinity of CMD-TCs-NPs to the retina and retinoblastoma tumor after IVT administration while methylated chitosan nanoparticles are immobilized in the vitreous and are not able to reach the retina even after 24 hr.
Conclusion: The ionic gelation technique was efficient in synthesizing a biocompatible polymeric nanosystem for drug delivery into the posterior segment of the eye. The current study demonstrated increased ocular bioavailability of CMD-TCs-NPs relative to CMD-TMC-NPs in retinoblastoma induced rat eyes.
Development of a Spatio-temporal Contrast Sensitivity Test for Clinical Use
Authors: Fernandes Costa Marcelo , Dutra Henriques Leonardo , Côrrea Pinho Otávio
Published: March 2022

Purpose: We developed a contrast sensitivity test that considers an integrative approach of spatial and temporal frequencies to evaluate the psychophysical channels in processing two-dimensional stimulus for clinical use. Our new procedure provides a more efficient isolation of the magnocellular and parvocellular visual pathways supporting spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity processing.
Methods: We evaluated 36 participants of both sexes aged 18–30 years with 20/20 or better best-corrected visual acuity. Two spatial frequencies (0.5 cycles per degree [cpd] and 10 cpd), being in one of the three temporal frequencies (0.5 cycle per second [cps], 7.5 cps, and 15 cps), were presented in a high-resolution gamma corrected monitor. A two-alternative forced-choice procedure was conducted, and the staircase method was used to calculate the contrast sensitivity. Reliability was assessed using a retest procedure within a month (±5 days) under the same conditions.
Results: Results showed statistical significance in 0.5 cpd and 10 cpd spatial frequencies for 0.5 cps (F = 77.36; p < 0.001), 7.5 cps (F = 778.37; p < 0.001), and 15 cps (F = 827.23; p < 0.001) with a very high (η2 = 0.89) effect size. No statistical differences were found between the first and second sessions for all spatial frequencies. For reliability, a significantly high correlation and high internal consistency were found in all spatiotemporal conditions. The limits were calculated for normality.
Conclusion: We developed an approach to investigate the spatiotemporal integration of contrast sensitivity designed for clinical purposes. The relative contribution of the low spatial frequencies/high temporal frequencies and the high spatial frequencies/low temporal frequencies of the psychophysical channels can also be evaluated separately.
Prevalence and Burden of Refractive Errors at National and Sub-national Levels in Iran
Authors: Mohammadi Seyed Farzad , Farzadfar Farshad , Mehdi Pour Parinaz , Ashrafi Elham , Lashay Alireza , Mohajer Bahram , Asadi Lari Mohsen
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence, burden of refractive errors and their associated trend from 1990 to 2018 and geographic inequalities in Iran.
Methods: Data regarding the epidemiology of refractive errors was extracted from three different sources: systematic review of published literature, data from visual school screening programs, and data from Iran’s national health survey (NHS). The pool of all available data on refractive errors as well as demographic, location, and socioeconomic status covariates were fitted in spatio-temporal and Gaussian process regression models to predict the prevalence of refractive errors from the years 1990 to 2018 in 31 provinces grouped by age and sex in order to calculate years lived with disability (YLDs).
Results: In 2018, the age-adjusted prevalence of refractive errors was 16.32% (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 12.44–21.48%) in both sexes, 17.98% (95% UI: 13.74– 23.61%) in women, and 14.66% (95% UI: 11.14–19.36%) in men. The prevalence of refractive errors reveals that it increases with age. Refractive errors contributed to 441.41 and 348.38 YLDs in men and women, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence growth was 31.30% in females and 24.32% in males from the years 1990 to 2018. Significant geographical heterogeneity was observed. The age-standardized YLDs rates of refractive errors represent an increasing trend of 28.9% increase from 1990 to 2018.
Conclusion: Over 28 years, the prevalence of refractive errors increased significantly. Women tend to have higher rates of prevalence. The prevalence increased in older ages. Border provinces had the lowest prevalence. Age-standardized YLDs rates of refractive errors increased by about 30%.
Penetrating Keratoplasty versus Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty for Keratoconus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shams Majid , Sharifi Ali , Akbari Zahra , Maghsoudlou Ali , Reza Tajali Mohammad
Published: March 2022

Keratoconus is the most common form of primary corneal thinning. Different methods have been suggested to deal with the condition, including glasses, contact lenses, and surgical interventions, like penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), well-known methods of the latter. This study was conducted to compare the outcomes and side effects of the two mentioned keratoplasty techniques. First, we systematically reviewed all original articles studies on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Then, the extracted data were pooled and meta-analyzed on each of the intended outcomes. A total of 30 studies were included in which PKP was more commonly performed compared to DALK. We found that adverse outcomes consisting of cataracts, graft rejection, graft failure, High-IOP, and corneal infection, were all more common findings in the PKP groups compared to the DALK groups. However, only for the high-IOP, cataracts, and graft rejection, the analysis of the extracted results demonstrated statistical significance. Overall, the DALK groups demonstrated significantly better results when considering the improvement levels by measuring the Endothelial Cell Count (ECC) and Spherical Equivalent (SE). In addition, though statistically insignificant, the Central Corneal Thickness(CCT), Best Corrected Visual Acuity(BCVA), Topographic Cylinder(TC), Refractive Cylinder values were greater in the PKP groups. Based on our study and with its limitations in mind, we can conclude that DALK can be a relatively safer and more effective procedure. Though, a larger number of high-standard randomized clinical trials still need to be conveyed for more definite conclusions.