bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Politik Hukum Penguatan Kewenangan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan
Authors: Agustine Oly Viana , Sinaga Erlina Maria Christin , Yulistyaputri Rizkisyabana
Published: October 2019

Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi dibentuk berdasarkan amanat reformasi 1998 yang menginginkan adanya penyelenggaraan negara yang bersih dari korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme. Sejak dibentuk dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 jo. Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Pemberantasan Korupsi dan Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2002 tentang Komisi Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi, telah banyak kasus korupsi yang terselesaikan baik dalam skala sedang maupun skala besar. Namun, dengan berjalannya waktu sejak pembentukannya perlu peninjauan ulang pengaturan KPK mengingat semakin banyaknya pengujian undang-undang di Mahkamah Konstitusi terkait dengan kedudukan dan kewenangan KPK. Terlebih, sebagai peserta penandatangan dan peratifikasi UNCAC, sudah seharusnya mengakomodir kedua intrumen tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas mengenai bagaimana politik hukum penguatan kewenangan KPK dalam sistem ketatanegaraan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kasus dan perbandingan. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah perlunya revisi UU tipikor dengan menyesuaikan pada putusan pengujian undang-undang di MK dan ketentuan yang ada dalam UNCAC, seperti perampasan aset, perekrutan penyidik mandiri, dan memasukkan KPK sebagai organ konstitusi.The Corruption Eradication Commission was formed based on the 1998’s reformation that implement good governance that clean from corruption, collusion, and nepotism. Since it was formed by Law Number 31 of 1999 jo. Law Number 20 of 2001 on the Corruption Eradication Commission, there are many case have been solved in a medium and large scale. However, as time goes by, the Law needs to be reviewed because there are many judicial review towards Constitutional Court about the position and authority of the Corruption Eradication Commission. Moreover, Indonesia should make the Law that accommodate both of the instrument (position and authority) as a member that signed and ratified UNCAC. This research will discuss about how the legal politics of strengthens KPK’s authority in the constitutional system. This research used normative juridical method with comparative and case approach. The result shows that there’s a need to revise Law on the Corruption Eradication Commission in accordance to Constitutional Court’s Decision and UNCAC, like seizure of assets, recruitment of independent investigators, and the Corruption Eradication Commission as a constitution organ.
Kebijakan Pengelolaan Air Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tentang Undang-Undang Sumber Daya Air
Authors: Azil Maskur Muhammad
Published: October 2019

ABSTRAKMahkamah Konstitusi pada tanggal 18 Februari 2015 telah membacakan putusan perkara Nomor 85/PUU-XI/2013 yang pada pokoknya membatalkan seluruh isi dalam Undang-Undang Nomor   Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 Tentang Sumber Daya Air. Mahkamah juga memutuskan bahwa Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1974 tentang pengairan berlaku kembali. Salah satu daerah dengan sumber air yang melimpah adalah kaki gunung muria di Kabupaten Kudus Jawa Tengah. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa  pengelolaan sumber daya air sebelum pembatalan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air di Kaki Gunung Muria Kabupaten Kudus dilakukan oleh pemilik tanah dan tidaka da kompensasi terhadap masyarakat kecuali masyarakat meminta, dan sampai sekarang walaupun Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 telah dibatalkan Mahkamah Konstitusi, sistem pengelolaannyapun tidak berubah. Seharusnya ada perubahan yang mendasar dikarenakan hak pengelolaan air dikembalikan ke negara sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Pasal 33 UUD 1945. Model ideal pengelolaan air pasca pembatalan undang-undang sumber daya air, adalah dikembalikan ke negara dalam hal ini masyarakat dan pemerintah daerah. Dibuat semacam Badan Usaha Milik Desa dimana saham dimiliki oleh masyarakat desa dan pemerintah daerah. Bagi pemilik tanah yang kebetulan ada sumber mata airnya, tidak boleh memiliki hak ekslusif atas manfaat sumber mata air tersebut.
Batas Konstitusional Penggunaan Hak Angket terhadap Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi
Authors: Rishan Idul
Published: October 2019

Pasca dikeluarkannya Putusan MK Nomor 36/PUU-XV/2017, penggunaan hak angket mengalami gejala ekstensifikasi subjek maupun objek. Riset ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh dua hal. Pertama, implikasi Putusan MK Nomor 36/PUU-XV/2017 terhadap penggunaan hak angket. Kedua, melimitasi penggunaan hak angket terhadap KPK dengan memberikan batas konstitusional. Metode riset merupakan penelitian hukum doktriner dengan basis data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan; (1) terdapat tiga implikasi penggunaan hak angket pasca Putusan MK Nomor 36/PUU-XV/2017. Pertama, perubahan paradigma konseptual terhadap hak angket, kedua, perluasan pola hubungan kelembagaan, ketiga, ancaman stabilitas pemerintahan. (2) Perihal batas konstitusional penggunaan angket terhadap KPK, penulis melimitasi penggunaan angket terhadap dua bentuk. Pertama melimitasi kriteria penggunaan hak angket dan kedua, melimitasi objek penyelidikan hak angket.After the Constitutional Court Decision Number 36/PUU-XV/2017, the use of inquiry rights undergo subject and object extensification. This study focus into two discussions. First, the implications of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 36/PUU-XV/ 2017 towards the use of inquiry rights. Second, to give limitation of the use of inquiry rights towards the Corruption Eradication Commision (KPK). This research study is normative law research.  The results show that (1) There are three implications of the use of inquiry rights; firstly, the changing of conceptual paradigm for the inquiry rights, secondly, the extensification of the institusional relations pattern, thirdly, the threat of governance stability. (2) Regarding the constitutional limits on the use of inquiry rights, the author sets the limitation in two forms: limiting the criteria and limiting the objects of the inquiry rights.
Accuracy of the Language Environment Analysis (LENATM) System Segmentation and Metrics: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cristia Alejandrina , Bulgarelli Federica , Bergelson Elika
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The Language Environment Analysis (LENATM) system provides automated measures facilitating clinical and non-clinical research and interventions on language development, but there are only a few, scattered independent reports of these measures’ validity. The objectives of the current systematic review were to (1) Discover studies comparing LENATM output with manual annotation, namely accuracy of talker labels, as well as involving Adult Word Counts (AWC), Conversational Turn Counts (CTC), and Child Vocalization Counts (CVC); (2) Describe them qualitatively; (3) Quantitatively integrate them to assess central tendencies; and (4) Quantitatively integrate them to assess potential moderators. Method: Searches on Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and PsycInfo were combined with expert knowledge, and inter-article citations resulting in 238 records screened, and 73 records whose full-text was inspected. To be included, studies must target children under age 18 years and report on accuracy of LENATM labels (e.g., precision and/or recall), and/or AWC, CTC, or CVC (correlations and/or error metrics). Results: A total of 33 studies, in 28 articles, were discovered. A qualitative review revealed most validation studies had not been peer-reviewed as such and failed to report key methodology and results. Quantitative integration of the results was possible for a broad definition of recall and precision (mean = 59% and 68% respectively, N = 12-13), for AWC (mean r = .79, N = 13), CVC (mean r = .77, N = 5), and CTC (mean r = .36, N = 6). Publication bias and moderators could not be assessed meta-analytically. Conclusion: Further research and improved reporting are needed in studies evaluating LENA segmentation and quantification accuracy, with work investigating CTC being particularly urgent.
KEBIJAKAN KESELAMATAN PASIEN SEBAGAI PENGHARGAAN TERHADAP KEMANUSIAAN
Authors: Hutagalung Wentri Siska Veronika
Published: October 2019

AbstrakLatar Belakang: Keselamatan pasien bukan hanya sekedar efisiensi pelayanan melainkan lebih besar dari itu. Kebijakan keselamatan merupakan penghargaan terhadap kemanusiaan Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui bagaimana kebijakan keselamatan pasien sebagai suatu penghargaan terhadap kemanusiaan. Metode : Metode kajian ini menggunakan penelusuran buku teks, buku reffeerensi, jurnal dan e.book (10 tahun terahir) dengan system literature review yaitu dengan menganalisis mengeksplorasi, dan kajian bebas dengan menggunakan kata kunci Keselamatan pasien, penghargaan, kemanusiaan. Hasil : kebijakan keselamatan pasien, harus diterapkan di rumah sakit untuk mencegah terjadinya situasi yang berpontensi mengakibatkan cedera yang seharusnya tidak terjadi atau biasa disebut insiden keselamatan pasien. Pembahasan: Keselamatan pasien di definisikan sebagai suatu sistem dimana Rumah Sakit membuat asuhan pasien lebih aman yang meliputi asesmen risiko. Simpulan : Kebijakan keselamatan pasien bertujuan untuk membuat pasien lebih aman . kemampuan melaksanakan patient safety dalam mengidentifikasi pasien. Kata Kunci : Keselamatan pasien, peran perawat, kemanusiaan.
Research Gap from Article Assignment
Authors: Prawiro Hans
Published: October 2019

Contain a research gap from two articles
PERILAKU PORTAL BAJA DENGAN SAMBUNGAN SEMI RIGID TERHADAP BEBAN LATERAL
Authors: Aco Wahyudi Efendi AW.Efendi Wahyudi
Published: October 2019

Semi-rigid connections are very economical compared to other connections, due to be able to avoid a direct portal framework from brittle fracture without endangering the whole structure. Steel frame structure is one of the type set forth in the guidelines on the construction of simple buildings earthquake resistant.Research with semi-rigid connections portal using the Finite Element Method (FEM) with ANSYS ED.9 by taking a model of experimental validation and analysis manual calculations, and uses 35 models with the difference of loading, the position and number of bolts and stiffener type of portal.The ability to survive in the portal due to lateral load is dominated by the number and position of the bolt and the type of stiffener portal used, it can be seen from the differences in the model with increase in the ratio of each model in the range 0.7852 to 2.5900 and the softening conditions compared flops stiffener which decreased voltage with the same ratio.
MENGETAHUI GAMBARAN BUDAYA KESELAMATAN PASIEN MELALUI KEPEMIMPINAN RUMAH SAKIT DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN KESEHATAN
Authors: pratiwi Indri aprilia
Published: October 2019

Latar belakang: Budaya keselamatan pasien merupakan pondasi utama dalam melaksanakan keselamatan pasien Kepemimpinan kepala ruang yang efektif akan mempengaruhi upaya menggerakkan perawat dalam lingkup wewenangnya untuk menerapkan budaya keselamatan pasien.Tujuan: Kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk Mengetahui Gambaran Budaya Keselamatan pasien melalui Kepemimpinan Rumah Sakit Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Kesehatan.Metode: Metode kajian ini menggunakan metode penelusuran buku teks, buku referensi, jurnal dan e-book (10 tahun terakhir) dengan sistem literature review yaitu menganalisis, eksplorasi dan kajian bebas dengan menggunakan kata kunci budaya keselamatan pasien, supervise rumah sakit dan pengetahuan perawat. Dan berfokus pada Mengetahui Gambaran Budaya Keselamatan pasien melalui Kepemimpinan Rumah Sakit Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Kesehatan. Hasil: Hasil dari literature review didapatkan delapan jurnal tentang gambaran keselamatan pasien, kedelapan jurnal ini menyebutkan bahwa gambaran budaya keselamatan pasien melalui kepemimpinan rumah sakit meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan.Pembahasan: Kepemimpinan dan pengetahuan perawat di rumah sakit memiliki peran penting dalam penerapan keselamatan pasien karena kepemimpinan dan pengetahuan perawat yang efektif merupakan suatu kunci keberhasilan penerapan budaya keselamatan pasien Penutup: Gambaran kepemimpinan dan pengetahuan perawat sangat berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan penerapan budaya keselamatan pasien sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan.
PENTINGNYA PENERAPAN KEBIJAKAN KESELAMATAN PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: ikbal riri fauzana
Published: October 2019

Latar belakang : perawat adalah suatu tenaga kerja kesehatang yang di tugaskan untuk melakukan asuhan keperawatan . salah satu dari tugas perawat adalah menjamin pasien dalam keadaan selamat . oleh karena itu sebagai seorang perawat kita harus memperhatikan keselamatan pasien karna itu merupakan hal penting yang harus dilakukan agar membuat pasie merasa nyaman. di dlaam suatu rumah sakit pasti aka nada prosedur atau aturan untuk keselamtan pasien karena sesuai dengan UU no 14 tahun 2009 tentang rumah sakit, pasal 43 ayat (1) Mewajibkan rumah sakit menerapkan standar keselamtan pasien. Tujuan : tujuan dari penulisan jurnal ini yaitu unutk membuat perawat tau pentingnya penerapan kebijakan keselamtan pasien di rumah sakit agar pasien dapat terlindungi dan merasa nyaman . Metode : metode yang di gunakan dalam penulisan jurnal ini adalah Literatur review dimana dengan cara menganalisisi, eksploirasi dan kajian bebas pada artikel, jurnal, text book , maupun e-book yang relevan dan berfokus pada kebijakan keselamtan pasien di rumah sakit , dengan menggunakan3 merode database pubmed , google scholar, dan science direct dan artikel yang di gunakan memilki batas waktu penerbitan 10 tahun terakhir. Hasil : hasil dari penelitian mengguankan literature adalah perawta dapat mengetahui peran penting kebijakan keselamtan pasien di rumah sakit agar pasien dapat terlindungi dan pasien dapat merasakan kenyamanan . Kesimpulan : kesimpulan dari penulisan jurnal ini adalh perawat mampu memahami peranan kebijakan yang di buat rumah sakit agar menjamin kemanan pasien
Performance analysis in esports: part 1 - the validity and reliability of match statistics and notational analysis in League of Legends
Authors: Novak Andrew Roman , Bennett Kyle James Madden , Pluss Matthew , Fransen Job
Published: October 2019

Performance analysis in sports objectively captures aspects of athlete performances to inform coaching. Comparatively, esports is an emerging expertise domain with limited performance analysis research, however, no research has yet investigated the quality of available data. Therefore, this research aimed to: 1) assess the validity of publicly accessible Match History statistics from professional League of Legends matches; 2) assess the agreement of notational analysis between three experienced players; and 3) assess the agreement between a novice and Match Histories. 30 professional matches were randomly selected from the North American and European 2019 seasons. The Match Histories for each match were copied from the publicly accessible repository, while each of the authors independently viewed videos on the public Video On Demand repository, and encoded action variables corresponding to the Match Histories. Data were compared 1) between the most experienced player and Match Histories; 2) between the three experienced authors; and 3) between the novice author and Match Histories. Krippendorff’s Alpha was calculated with acceptable agreement set at α ≥ 0.8. The most experienced player was in good agreement with Match Histories (α=0.868-1.000), while the novice rater was in good agreement except for First Tower Time (α=0.764) and First Inhibitor Team (0.740). The three experienced players were in good agreement (α=0.861-1.000). Match Histories and experienced player annotations can be used interchangeably for all observed measures to facilitate performance analysis in professional League of Legends. A novice can be used to capture some basic statistics, while other measures require domain expertise.
Kehidupan Perempuan Etnis Tionghoa pada Orde Militeristik dalam ‘Dimsum Terakhir’ karya Clara Ng
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk memperoleh gambaran kehidupan perempuan etnis Tionghoa pada Orde Militeristik dalam Dimsum Terakhir karya Clara Ng. Pendekatan yang dipilih ialah kualitatif kategori desktriptif desain fenomenologi. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik analisis konten kemudian dibuat kategorisasi, tabulasi, dan inferensi. Pemeriksaan keabsahan (validity) data yang diperoleh dilakukan menggunakan teknik semantik serta keandalan (reliability) didapat melalui teknik interrater. Diperoleh bahwa: (1) Sinopsi Dimsum Terakhir menegaskan bahwa terdapat konflik yang dialami tokoh perempuan etnis Tionghoa terkait dengan diskriminasi ras dan pertanyaan kesejatian diri; (2) Bentuk diskriminasi dalam ranah domestik, yaitu sikap diskriminasi senioritas, sedangkan ranah publik yaitu ejekan dan hinaan karena beretnis Tionghoa, larangan libur imlek bagi keturunan Tionghoa, penolakan pertanggungjawaban kehamilan, pengharusan panggilan nama Cina untuk keturunan Tionghoa, dan kekerasan fisik; (3) Diskriminasi domestik terjadi karena faktor jenis kelamin, posisi, atau urutan anak, sedangkan diskriminasi publik terjadi karena faktor etnis, agama, dan politik; (4) Tanggapan tokoh perempuan etnis Tionghoa yang paling dominan adalah menolak dalam bentuk tindakan verbal dan sikap mengkritik tindak diskriminasi. Secara umum luaran yang dihasilkan dapat menjadi bahan kajian tentang sastra, terutama pembahasan terkait feminisme di setiap wilayah Indonesia pada periode waktu tertentu. Ruang lingkup kajian terbatas kepada tindakan diskriminatif masyarakat terhadap etnis Tionghoa yang dituturkan dalam novel.
Kajian Pola Perjalanan Wisata di Kabupaten Nias Barat, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Liyushiana Liyushiana
Published: October 2019

Abstract - The regency of Nias Barat (West Nias) has many potential tourist destinations, unfortunately not many travel package specifically offer the visit to explore the tourism objectsin this region. That is the reason this study aims to design effective and efficient travel patterns in West Nias Regency using a destination region loop approach. The focus of this study is to identify how the state of tourism in West Nias Regency, the travel routes in West Nias Regency and especially how to develop travel patterns that most suitable to West Nias. The method employs descriptive analysis technique with data collected from observation, documentation, interviews and literature study. The research results the identification of several selected tourist objects that can be visited in this district, such as Sirombu Beach, Asu Island, Gu'u Beach, Fari'i Beach, Ture Beach, Fadaya Beach, Valaete Beach, Bawa Island, Bale, Bukit Hermon, Houses adat, Batu Megalit in Lahomi Village, Lolozirugi Village and Sisarahili Village. Keywords: Travel Patterns, Travel Routes, Travel Destinations Abstrak - Pariwisata di Kabupaten Nias Barat sangat potensial, sayangnya belum banyak produk wisata yang khusus menawarkan  objek-objek wisata di kabupaten ini. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang pola perjalanan wisata yang efektif dan efisien di Kabupaten Nias Barat dengan pendekatan destination region loop. Fokus penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana keadaan pariwisata di kabupaten Nias Barat, bagaimana rute perjalanan wisata di Kabupaten Nias Barat dan terutama bagaimana pengembangan pola perjalanan wisata (travel pattern) yang coba diformulasikan oleh penulis dalam penelitian ini. Metode yang digunakan penulis adalah metode deskriptif analisis dengan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, dokumentasi, wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa beberapa objek wisata pilihan yang dapat dikunjungi di kabupaten ini adalah Pantai Sirombu, Pulau Asu, Pantai Gu’u, Pantai Fari’i, Pantai Ture, Pantai  Fadaya, Pantai Valaete, Pulau Bawa, Bale, Bukit Hermon, Rumah adat, Batu Megalit di Desa Lahomi, Desa Lolozirugi dan Desa Sisarahili.  Kata Kunci : Pola Perjalanan Wisata, Rute Perjalanan, Destinasi Wisata
Tradisi Ritual Kupatan Jalasutra Di Srimulyo, Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Nurcahyo R. Jati , Yulianto Yulianto
Published: October 2019

Abstract - In the cultural perspective, the society in Jalasutra village, Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta has auniqueness. The substance lies on the belief system, traditional custom and culture which are reflected in various traditional ceremonies. The research about society ritual and belief in Jalasutra, Srimulyo, Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta is motivated by the fact that the meaning and value of this remarkable ritual in a society is very important.  Ritual and belief are the demands of life that can shape the society behavior. They are parts of tradition and custom exist in the lives of society.  Objectively, the description of culture system in Jalasutra society is a positive contribution to strengthen the identity and personality to reach the national integrity and increase the tourism industry in Indonesia. Keywords : Tradition, Kupatan Jalasutra Ritual Ceremony Abstrak - Dalam perspektif kultural masyarakat di desa Jalasutra, Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta mempunyai keunikan. Substansinya terletak pada sistem kepercayaan, adat tradisi dan budaya yang terungkap dalam berbagai penyelenggaraan upacara tradisional. Penelitian tentang bentuk ritual dan kepercayaan masyarakat di Jalasutra, Srimulyo, Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta terdorong oleh suatu kenyataan akan pentingnya arti dan makna sebuah ritual yang sangat langka dalam suatu kehidupan masyarakat. Ritual dan kepercayaan merupakan suatu tuntutan kehidupan guna menentukan perilaku yang sudah menjadi bagian dari adat tradisi dan membudaya di masyarakat. Secara obyektif, deskripsi tentang sistem budaya dikalangan masyarakat Jalasutra tersebut merupakan kontribusi positif untuk upaya memperkokoh jatidiri dan kepribadian masyarakat menuju tercapainya integritas bangsa dan dunia kepariwisataan di Indonesia. Kata Kunci : Tradisi, Upacara Ritual Kupatan Jalasutra
Determinants of 1950-1970 Change in Illegitimacy Rates in Developed Populations
Authors: Cutright Phlllips , Polonko Karen , Bohrnstedt George
Published: October 2019

We use data on 23 populations, a linear regression model, and measures derived from aggregate-level theories to analyze 1950 to 1970 changes in age-specific illegitimacy rates. Illegitimacy rates in 1950 have strong net effects on 1970 levels in most age groups, but a population’s 1950 age at marriage, economic growth rate, and change in the status of women have large and significant net effects on all 23 populations and on change in early 1950 marriage age nations as well. In the 1950 late age at marriage stratum measures with an effect on 19501970 change were economic growth rates and two measures of marital fertility change.
Testing the Family Role Complementarity Model
Authors: Adamek Raymond J.
Published: October 2019

This paper examines AronofF’s and Crano’s recent work which attempted to test the proposition that a universal feature of the nuclear family is sex role specialization along instrumental-expressive lines. It is suggested that since these authors’ operationalization of the instrumental and expressive roles was too restricted, since the reliability and validity of some of their measures are suspect, and since they over-interpreted the implications of the proposition, their test was not an adequate one. Moreover, contrary to Aronoff’s and Crano’s conclusions, to the extent that their data can be considered valid, a careful examination of their results indicates that they support the Parsons and Bales model, rather than challenge it.
The Significance of Wilhelm Reich’s Work for the Study of the Child and the Family
Authors: Grønseth Erik
Published: October 2019

Conceptions of “human nature”, of motivation for social behavior and of good and bad are inevitably integral parts also of the sociologist’s work.

Wilhelm Reich’s life-energetically based work represents a “paradigmatic shift” in the bio-psycho-social study of our motivational basis and of our family and other social relations.

The present paper sketches the basics of Reichs findings and conceptualizations concerning the fundamental pulsatory energetic life functions and the socially inflicted inhibitions and perversions of them, as well as their manifestations, for instance in the sexual orgasm and in the infant’s suckling the mother’s breast.

The paper sketches the ‘functional identities’ between healthy/unhealthy life-energetic functioning on the level of the individual and on the level of social relations and their change. It is argued that family relations, socialization practices and other social relations and cultural items should thus be studied in terms of their life-energetic functioning. Bodily and psychological structures and processes, as for instance in parents and children, and the simultaneously occuring social and cultural structures and processes, for instance in the family, should be studied with reference to their underlying common life-energetic functioning dysfunctioning.

The unity between character structures and processes and social structures and processes is to be found in the common, underlying life-energetic functions.

The above is related to Freudian, Marxian and Freudo-marxian conceptions. Reich’s finding about the mediation of the economic-ideogical structure into the mass psychological need structure of the next generation through the family by way of the parents’ character structure and their socialization practices is sketched and the conditions for life-negative versus life-affirmative social and family change are summarized.

Parson’s analysis of the relation between personality and the social and cultural “system” and of sexuality, socialization and the family is in part compared with and criticized from Reich’s findings.

Life-energetic analysis is applied also to some recent family sociological conceptualizations. Questions for further analysis of family, socialization and social change are raised.
Families of Children with Down’s Syndrome, in Greece
Authors: Maroulis) Helen Agathonos (ex , Valaes Timos
Published: October 2019

Eighty-eight mothers or guardians of 89 children with Down’s Syndrome were interviewed in their homes with the aim to investigate the ways the Greek family with a retarded child functions. The sample comprised selected and unselected material from Athens and the provinces. A second interview was done five years later with 49 Athenian families. Twcntyfive families of normal children admitted to a children’s hospital for appendectomy served as the control group. Sixty-eight percent of the families were nuclear in nature thus contradicting our hypothesis that the Greek extended family can draw on more resources to cope with the problem of a retarded child. Only 15% of the mothers, found that the care of their handicapped child interfered too much with their household duties. Of the mothers, 35% were severely depressed as a result of their child’s handicap. When comparing the families of children with Down’s Syndrome with those of the control group, it was found that, in both groups, the level of family function was influenced by the objective situation of the family; but the variability was greater in the families of children with Down’s Syndrome. There was also a significant inverse relationship between the degree of the handicap of the retarded child and the total functioning scoring of the family.
Some Aspects of Identity Problems in Foster Families
Authors: Sprey-Wessjng Thea , Portz Peter
Published: October 2019

There has been an increasing motivation for foster care and adoption within the last years; foster parents are seen as a positive alternative to home care; furthermore there seems to be a differentiated understanding for “factual parenthood” in public opinion.

Nevertheless the social status of a foster child is a problematic one; in addition there is no relevant role script for foster parents at all. These deficits lead to identity problems: the research design, interpretated in this article, is asking for self-concepts to foster parenting. By interrogation of a sample of foster parents, belonging to the “Bundesverband der Pflege—und Adoptiveltern e.V.” in Western Germany, the basis of motivation and selfconcepts can be seen more distinctively. In spite of declining numbers of children in home care and increasing places in foster care the chance of identificational continuity will be a great task in future for foster children and parents as well.

In general, there is too much administration involved in the matching of foster children and foster parents and too little psychological support concerning identity problems.
Women’s Work in Mexico and Canada: The Constraints of Various Dimensions of SES and Family Life Cycle
Authors: Brinkerhoff Merlin B.
Published: October 2019

Using comparative survey data from calgary, Canada and Merida, Mexico, the effects of various measures of SES and woman’s education on her labour force participation are explored. Both are strongly related to her work status in Merida, but only weakly in Calgary ; however, a partial analysis illustrates that woman’s education, and not SES tend to account for the relationships. It is tentatively concluded that the impact of the normative structure which impedes women’s work in the lessdeveloped area is eroded through education. Furthermore, the stages of the family life cycle when children are at home impede Canadians’ work, but not the Mexicans’. Educated Mexican women who work have support systems where the presence of children does not lead them to drop out of the labour force.
The Concept of Remarriage among Israeli War Widows
Authors: Shamgar-Handelman Lea
Published: October 2019

A sample of Israeli war widows held differing concepts of remarriage, (i) a second first marriage, modelled on the same kind of romantic attachment as the first marriage, (ii) a remedial marriage, designed to repair the damage to the family; or (iii) a postponed marriage, entered into after the obligations of the first marriage were fulfilled. Many relationships with potential marriage partners did not result in remarriage because of conflicting concepts of remarriage held by the partners to the relationship. The question of relative freedom of choice in first marriage and remarriage is discussed in the light of the widows’ expressed opinions that remarriage is complicated and different from first marriage.
Marrying Out: Socio-Cultural and Psychological Implications of Intermarriage
Authors: Cerroni-Long E.L.
Published: October 2019

This paper has two aims. First of all, I have tried to offer a definition of intermarriage that takes into consideration the role played by the norms of exogamy and endogamy in specific social settings. Secondly, through a review of the empirical and theoretical materials available on the subject, I have attempted to organize a typology of intermarriage that can provide answers to the following questions:

1) Why do people marry out?

2) What people marry out most and what partners do they choose ?

The typology has been organized around three foci:

a) necessary conditions,

b) efficient causes,

c) stress factors.

On the basis of this typology it should be possible not only to obtain a clearer view of what circumstances maximize the incidence of intermarriage but also of what the chances are for people who marry out to actually have a stable and durable relationship. On the basis of the conclusions drawn from the typology some hypotheses are also advanced regarding possible developments in the concepts of exogamy and endogamy and in the character and frequency of out-marriages to be expected for both the immediate and the more distant future.
The Socialization Values of Low-Income Appalachian White and Rural Black Mothers: A Comparative Study
Authors: Peterson Gary W. , Peters David F.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the socialization values of low-income white mothers from rural areas of southern Appalachia and lowincome black mothers from rural areas of the southeastern United States. A sample of 579 white mothers and 480 black mothers was interviewed and responded to a 16-item measure of parental values. The parental value choices of these two groups were compared with each other and with the parental value choices of middle-and working-class mothers from an urban area acquired in a previous study. In general, results indicated that both groups of low-income rural mothers selected values that were more conformity-obedience oriented than middle- and working-class mothers from urban environments. However, although evidence existed that the socialization values of low-income mothers was partially a function of socioeconomic standing, other evidence suggested that childrearing values may have resulted from special conditions faced by their respective subcultures and expectations for “success” from the larger social context.
Some Adjustment Aspects of Vietnamese and Sino-Vietnamese Families in Victoria, Canada
Authors: Woon Yuen-Fong
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to remedy deficiencies in the existing literature on Vietnamese and Sino-Vietnamese families and suggests some general hypotheses concerning the adjustment of refugee or immigrant families to the host society. A detailed study of fifty families from Vietnam shows that the individual’s background and cultural heritage affect his or her willingness and ability to adjust. This cultural baggage, interacting with the conditions and opportunity structure of Victoria, produces a mind-set and an emotional state which in turn affect his or her interaction with other family members and kin. This has implications to the dynamics and future structure of his or her family.
The Role Image of the American Father: An Examination of A Media Myth
Authors: Day Randal D. , Mackey Wade C.
Published: October 2019

A lack of correspondence exists between the image of the American male as a father-figure and field data gathered on adult male-child interaction. The U.S. father-figure is examined in two time frames demarcated by the mid-1970s. In the earlier intervale both media portrayal, exemplified by SATURDAY EVENING POST cartoons, and “conventional wisdom” depicted American men as incompetent or irrelevant child caretakers. In the later interval, the men were presumed to be potentially useful; yet were thought to be failing to meet that potential appropriately. During the 1970s, field observations (N=49,154 children) in the United States and seventeen other cultures indicated high levels of adult malechild interaction. Compared to the men and children in the other countries, the United States adult malechild dyad appears to be quite typical. It is suggested that the portrayal and incorporation of the image of the “indifferent” or “underutilized” father-figure is part of a cultural socialization process. Since humor is one societal mechanism that perpetuates symbol systems, suggestions are given as to why males may be portrayed in this negative light and implications this may have for shifts in a society more aware of sex role stereotyping.
Increasing Equity for Children by Targeting the Vulnerable: U.S. Child Policy Since 1960
Authors: Sudia Cecelia E.
Published: October 2019

Basic social, cultural, educational and economic needs of children are met by the family and local community, with public costs being met through locally controlled budgets. Advocates for federally funded programs have found it necessary to justify the contention that specific identified needs are not being met. The argument has been successful in regards to: education for handicapped children; investigation and treatment for abused and neglected children, and ensuring their right to a permanent family; preserving the cultural heritage of American Indian children; and ensuring that children of divorced or separated parents have adequate economic support. This paper will discuss the laws developed to meet these identified needs, their cost, numbers served, and implementation issues, and evaluate this approach to child policy.
Cultural Antecedents of Welfare Legislation and Services in Israel
Authors: Zimrin Hanit A
Published: October 2019

The establishment of welfare services in the land of Israel constituting the foundations of welfare services in the state of Israel, began in the first half of the 20th century. The founders of the welfare services in Israel derived their inspiration from the cultural traditions of the diaspora Jewry on the one hand and the process of nation building in which they participated, on the other. These two elements influenced the philosophy, legislation, policy and operation of the welfare system in Israel.

The main function of the Jewish community in the diaspora, which was constantly subjected to the danger of assimilation, was to preserve Judaism.; This required the community to rely on the family and on foster care, placing strong. emphasis on the education, religious education at that time, of these children who were destined to continue the Jewish tradition and strengthen them psychologically.

The struggle for independence and the re-establishment of the Jewish State. was also characterized by the need to strengthen the young people who were expected to realize the Zionist aspirations. The result was the establishment of family-oriented services with special emphasis on child welfare and the provision of opportunities for child development. The legislation and services established in Israel in the spheres of education and health are proof of that.

The importance attached to services designed to preserve the future resources of the nation, left several spheres either untouched or dealt with solely on the philosophical level without practical application. These were mainly: (1) Child protection; (2) Care of handicapped children; and (3) Delinquency.
Children in Polish Legislation: Intentions and Reality
Authors: Łobodzinska Barbara
Published: October 2019

Poland has developed a national family policy. The government is in a continuous process of improving and developing legislation concerning the family. Children’s welfare, rights, privileges and responsibilities are guaranteed in the Constitution, The Family and Protection Code, The Penal Code, The Code of Civil Procedures, The Code of Work and many additional Acts, Amendments and regulations.

Basically, the intention of the lawmakers is securing equal rights for all children (whether they are born in marriage or out-of-wedlock) against any forms of discrimination, emphasizing children’s welfare as_ the primary societal concern.

Family planning and Hmited abortion (during the first trimester) are practiced. According to the legislation, children’s protection begins in the prenatal period. Thus, the physical health of expectant mothers is incorporated into the law (free health care for pregnant women, maternity leaves for working mothers, etc.). Families with children qualify for family allowances. Single mothers are protected by procedures securing alimonies for their children. Both parents (married or divorced) are equally responsible for their children’s well-being. In cases of child abuse the court can limit parental control. There are also special laws regulating the types and time of work performed by teenagers (15 - 17 years old). Education at the primary level is mandatory. Juvenile delinquents’ cases are treated by the courts with the underaged delinquents’ benefit in mind.

In spite of this progressive and humanitarian approach in legislation, there exists a discrepancy between the good intentions of the law and its application. in social practice.

Areas of neglect or difficulties in im-. posing established rules include rural areas with insufficient health care, child care, and lower quality of educational institutions. Inadequate services for the family, shortages of basic consumer goods, overcrowded apartments, and overworked parents are among the most common obstacles in making the concern for children’s welfare a reality.

The legislation has symptoms of spontaneity, with laws and amendments continually supplementing The Family and Protection Code, and added as a result of interest grOl.-p pressure, social unrest, and strikes. Overlooking the declared equality of sexes and equal responsibilities of both parents, more rules apply to mothers than to fathers. Insubstantial infrastructure assisting families and insufficient financial support create a situation where everyday practice is distant from the advanced promises of the law-makers.
Marital Satisfaction and Communication Practices: Comparisons Among Indian and American Couples
Authors: Yelsma Paul , Athappilly Kuriakose
Published: October 2019

Most marital research in the last two decades has been conducted with predominately white, middle-class, North American married couples; little is known about marital communication practices of couples who live in different cultures. In an attempt to understand the dynamics of cultural orientations to marriages, two types of couples from Kerala (India) and a sample of couples from Michigan (U.S.A.) were compared on their marital satisfaction and communication practices. The labels "arranged" and "love" are used in India to indicate the ways people begin their marital relationships, and the label "companionate" identifies American romantic marriages. The Primary Communication Inventory was used to measure verbal and nonverbal communication practices, while the Dyadic Adjustment Scale was used to measure marital satisfaction. Results from the analyses revealed that arranged marrieds were significantly higher in marital satisfaction than were the love marrieds or companionate marrieds. No significant difference existed between love marrieds and companionate marrieds on marital satisfaction scores. Analyses of the data also indicated that significantly less verbal and nonverbal communication occurred in the arranged marriages than in the love marriages. The love couples, however, reported using significantly less verbal communication than companionate couples. Despite the cultural differences, the love marrieds in Kerala and companionate marrieds in Michigan were more similar in their verbat and nonverbal communication and marital satisfaction scores than were those of the arranged and love married in Kerala. In love and companionate marriages, effective communication appears to be more influential in producing high marital satisfaction, wheras in arranged marriages, cultural tradition and commitment to a relationship appear to be very influential factors in producing high marital satisfaction.
Traditional and Modern Life Styles in Africa
Authors: Clignent Remi , Sween Joyce
Published: October 2019

The present paper is concerned with an examination of the effects of urbanization on patterns of familial organization in Douala, the major city of the Cameroun. In contrast to the theories of social change that treat urbanization of means and urbanization of ends as coterminous, the paper attempts to distinguish these two dimensions from one another and to show that their effect of traditional familial institutions are distinctive. Thus the two authors show that declines in the incidence of polygyny or of extended familism are not necessarily linear and that the significance of these declines might be in some cases attributed to the restraints confronting newly urbanized populations, while it clearly results from a modernization of individual aspirations in other instances. In addition, the authors show that urbanization is associated with changes in the functions traditionally assigned to plural marriage or to extended familism as well as in the interaction between these two facets of familial arrangements.
Who are they? When is then?: Comparison in Histories of the Western Family
Authors: Walter Lynn E.
Published: October 2019

Examining selected histories of the Western family, this study analyzes problems associated with using an explicit or implied contrastive model of the past and present family. It is argued that so great is the power of this model to make order and sense and so basic is it to one understanding of society, that it is adopted even by some who profess to reject it. However this contrastive model is labelled - traditional/modem, pre-modem, pre-industrial/industrial - no fundamental challenge to it can be posed by asking, in various ways, “When and how did modem society begin?”: Finally, three histories which do not use the contrastive model are examined to demonstrate both the power of the model and some alternatives to it.
Social Research on Family Lifestyles among Arabs in Israel
Authors: Al-Haj Majid
Published: October 2019

This paper reviews and analyzes existing social research on family life styles among the Arabs in Israel against the
Family Diversity and the Life Cycle
Authors: Rowland D. T.
Published: October 2019

Diversity in patterns of family formation has stimulated interest in finding strategies for describing life cycle experience which accommodate the varied ways in which families now develop. This paper reviews the main approaches that have been suggested and proposes a life cycle classification to chart stages of life in major sections of the population. This framework extends life cycle analysis to include several types of cycles, each with its own stages. The definitions and classification criteria adopted permit the inclusion of single parents, de facto couples and step parents in life cycle analysis, and thereby provide a basis for a more comprehensive view of the family development experience of cohorts. An application of the framework to data on female birth cohorts in Australia shows the diversity in contemporary life cycle experience, the importance of recognising de facto marriages in life cycle studies, and the recent dramatic decline in the prevalence of conventional nuclear families.
Ethnicity, Family Environment and Social-Status Attainment: A Follow-up Analysis
Authors: Marjoribanks Kevin
Published: October 2019

In this study longitudinal data were used to examine relationships among family context, adolescents’ aspirations and young adults’ social-status attainment. The investigation was a follow-up study of two previous investigations that were published in this Journal. In the sample were 21-year-old Australians from Anglo Australian, Greek and Southern Italian families. Regression surfaces were constructed from hierarchical models that examined possible linear, interaction and curvilinear associations among the variables. Typically the findings indicated that a family context measure, defined by parents’ aspirations and adolescents’ perceptions of their parents’ support for learning, was a moderate to strong predictor of young adults’ status attainment. Also, the results revealed that family context continued to be an important variable in the analysis of relationships between adolescents’ aspirations and the status attainment of young adults from different ethnic groups.
Family Support for the Nigerian Elderly
Authors: Peil Margaret
Published: October 2019

Modernization theorists have argued that the breakdown of the family is an inevitable result of urbanization and industrialization. The elderly are deprived of many of their roles and isolated from younger generations, who no longer listen to or support them. A survey of men and women over 60 years of age in southern Nigerian cities and villages questions the accuracy of this model. It is obvious that theia,mily is still a strong basis for support for the elderly, though varying resources and opportunities produce different levels, types and frequency of support. While economic help is more often given to women than to men, male households are more likely (for demographic and economic reasons) to include service providers than female-headed households. Elderly widows without children are the most likely to get inadequate assistance, since they often lack enough resources to attract dependents to look after them in their old age. In spite of the help they receive, economic insecurity, fostered by inflation, is a major and increasing problem for the Nigerian elderly.