bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A descriptive survey on knowledge gap related to retinopathy of prematurity and its prevention and management among nurses in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Thuileiphy Tallanao , Joshi Poonam , Dolma Yangchen , Paul Jessy , Joshi Meena , Gudiya  , Murry Lumchino Levis
Published: August 2021

Purpose:

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of severe visual impairment of childhood affecting preterm babies. The disease is sensitive to the quality of neonatal nursing care provided to preterm neonates in any neonatal intensive care unit. (NICU). The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge gap among nurses related to ROP and its prevention and management working in NICU in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods:

In a cross-sectional descriptive survey, 53 nurses working in a selected NICU of a tertiary care hospital were enrolled. A pretested and validated self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of nurses related to ROP. The questionnaire consisted of two main parts namely the demographic information and the knowledge questionnaire related to ROP related to risk factors of ROP, screening procedure, and nursing care to babies with ROP before, during, and after the procedure.

Results:

The majority of nurses were female with a mean age of 33.48 ± 5.85 years, having a median of 5 years of experience in NICU. Most of the nurses (38, 68%) had overall poor knowledge, followed by fair knowledge (21%) with the mean knowledge scores of 14.07 ± 2.06. No significant association between the overall knowledge scores and age, total professional experience in NICU, designation, and educational qualification of the nurses could be observed (P ≥ 0.05).

Conclusion:

Most of the nurses working in the NICU had poor knowledge regarding ROP, necessitating the need for updating the knowledge of nurses related to ROP, its prevention, and management by disseminating information about the disease through seminars, and workshops and arranging in-house educational sessions on ROP.
Deciphering the association of intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms of crystallin gene family with congenital cataract
Authors: Nair Vidya , Sankaranarayanan Rajkumar , Vasavada Abhay Raghukant
Published: August 2021

Purpose:

Introns play an important role in gene regulation and expression. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in introns have the potential to cause disease and alter the genotype–phenotype association. Hence, this study aimed to decipher the association of SNPs in the introns of the crystallin gene in congenital cataracts.

Methods:

SNPs in the introns of crystallin gene family – CRYAA (rs3788059), CRYAB (rs2070894), CRYBA4 (rs2071861), and CRYBB2 (rs5752083, rs5996863) – were genotyped in 248 participants consisting of 141 congenital cataracts and 107 healthy controls by allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction method. Around 10% of samples for each SNPs were sequenced to confirm the genotypes. The allele, genotype, and haplotype frequency were evaluated by the SHEsis online tool.

Results:

Using dominant model, the “A” allele of rs3788059 was found to have an increased risk toward congenital cataract development whereas the “G” allele was found to be protective (AA + AG vs. GG; odds ratio [OR] 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.73 [1.71, 8.15], P = 0.0009). The “A” allele of both rs2070894 (AA + AG vs. GG; OR [95% CI] = 0.49 [0.29, 0.84], P = 0.012) and rs5752083 (AA + AC vs. CC; OR [95% CI] = 0.25 [0.08, 0.76], P = 0.016) were suggested to have a protective role by the dominant model. The A-C-T haplotype (rs2071861, rs5752083, and rs5996863) was found to be a significant risk factor for the development of congenital cataract.

Conclusion:

Intronic SNPs in crystallin genes may play a role in the predisposition toward congenital cataract. However, the present findings need to be replicated in a large cohort with more number of samples.
Assessment of quality of life, mental health and ocular morbidity in children from schools for the blind in North-East India
Authors: Magdalene Damaris , Bhattacharjee Harsha , Deshmukh Saurabh , Mohapatra Shyamsundar Das , Ali Amzad , Paidi Rammohan Rao , Multani Prabhjot Kaur
Published: August 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to describe causes of severe visual impairment and blindness (SVI/BL), and assess the mental health and quality of life of children in schools for the blind in North-East India in two phases.

Methods:

A total of 515 children were examined in 17 schools for the blind in the first phase of study across eight states in North-East India, 6 in Assam, 2 each in Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, and Tripura, 1 each in Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Sikkim. WHO/PBL eye examination record was used to document findings. In the second phase of study, mental health and quality of life were objectively measured using depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) and low-vision quality of life (LVQOL) questionnaires in 442 children.

Results:

Approximately 3.1% of children had SVI and 71.84% of children were blind. Anatomical sites of SVI/BL were the whole globe in 44.85%, cornea in 17.66%, and retina in 11.65% of children. The underlying cause of visual loss was undetermined in 55% of children. Hereditary pattern was observed in 1.35% of cases. Approximately 74.94% of children were either blind or severely visually impaired since birth. DASS score revealed that 56.56% of children manifested some levels of anxiety and stress while 85.52% had some reduction in quality of life.

Conclusion:

A large significant number of these children suffered from potentially preventable and/or treatable cause of SVI/BL. Though nonvisual factors such as physical and mental health were strong predictors of quality of life, this study proves that visual impairment also plays a considerable role in one’s quality of life in a population with low vision.
Evaluating target intraocular pressures in primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Sihota Ramanjit , Sidhu Talvir , Agarwal Rinky , Sharma Ajay , Gupta Amisha , Sethi Anin , Dada Tanuj , Pandey Veena
Published: August 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term intraocular pressures that provide stabilization/reversal of glaucomatous neuropathy after surgery in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).

Methods:

Prospective evaluation of consecutive PCG patients who underwent trabeculectomy-trabeculotomy and followed up for ≥2 years. Records of regularly performed examination under anesthesia were maintained to ascertain intraocular pressure, (IOP), fundus, refraction and corneal diameter. Outcomes – Primary: cup: disc ratio and intraocular pressure, Secondary: corneal changes and refractive error

Results:

A total of 174 eyes of 108 children with PCG had a preoperative IOP of 22.44 ± 9.5 mm Hg. Postoperative review IOP was 11.8 ± 4.5 mm Hg, cup-disc-ratio was 0.52 ± 0.23 and corneal diameter was 12.75 ± 0.9 mm. Primary outcomes: Linear regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation of review IOP with cup disc ratio, P = 0.004. 67.9%, of eyes at a review IOP range of 6-12 mm Hg showed reversal, 14.1%, were stable, at 6-15 mm Hg, while 3.84% showed an increase in cup: disc ratio 16-22 mm Hg. Patients operated before 6 months of age had a significantly smaller final cup-disc ratio, P = 0.0013. Patients with a final cup: disc ratio of >0.9 were significantly older at surgery, P < 0.001. Secondary outcomes: There was a positive correlation of final myopia with review IOP on linear regression analysis, P = 0.012. The final spherical error in eyes having cup disc ratio of ≤ 0.5 was –0.96 ± 4.5 diopters, as against -3.45 ± 7.7 diopters in eyes having cup-disc ratio of 0.6-0.8 and -3.8 ± 6.9 diopters in eyes with cup disc ratio of ≥0.9, P = 0.015. There was no significant change in corneal diameter.

Conclusion:

Patients operated after 6 months of age had a larger final cup: disc ratio, while postoperative review intraocular pressures over 2 years of at least ≤15 mm Hg in primary congenital glaucoma eyes, commonly lead to reversal/stability of the neuropathy, and a lower incidence and degree of myopia.
Comparison of posterior corneal elevation in children with and without vernal keratoconjunctivitis using a new tomographer
Authors: V Kavitha , Heralgi Mallikarjun M , Aafreen Saba
Published: August 2021

Purpose:

To assess the posterior corneal elevation (PCE) in children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and compare the same with that of age and gender-matched normal children.

Methods:

This was a case control study. We included 110 children attending the Pediatric ophthalmology outpatient department of a tertiary eye care center in South India between September 2019 and June 2020. Fifty-five children with VKC and 55 normal age and gender-matched children were examined by Sirius tomographer/topographer (CSO, Italy) to determine the PCE, thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), simulated K (Sim K), keratoconus front (KVf) and keratoconus vertex back (KVb). The parameters were compared between the two groups.

Results:

A total of 220 eyes of 110 children were examined. The mean age in both groups was 10.44 ± 3.28 years, each group included 44 males and 11 females. There was no statistically significant difference in TCT and Sim K between the two groups. The mean PCE was 18.8 ± 8.4 μm in VKC group and 11.7 ± 3.9 μm in control group (P < 0.001). Both KVf and KVb were significantly higher in VKC group when compared to the control group.

Conclusion:

Children with VKC have significantly higher PCE as measured by Sirius tomographer, and hence, all VKC children should be screened for development of KC and the Sirius tomographer may be an appropriate tool for the same.
Red reflex test screening for neonates: A systematic review and meta analysis
Authors: Taksande Amar , Jameel Patel Zeeshan , Taksande Bharati , Meshram Rewat
Published: August 2021

Red reflex test (RRT) screening is yet to be a part of the neonate’s normal examination before discharge from hospital in a majority of low- and middle-income countries. The purpose was this review was to systematically evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of RRT for the detection of ocular abnormalities in newborns. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane database of systematic reviews were the data sources. Quality of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) was utilized for quality assessment of bias and applicability. Random effects models were used to summarize sensitivities, specificities, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and respective confidence intervals (CI). The pooled sensitivity, calculated from the meta analysis of 11 studies, was 23% (95% CI: 21–24%) and pooled specificity was 98% (95% CI: 98–98%). The PLR was 32.52 (95% CI: 7.89–134.15), NLR was less than 1 (0.69 [95% CI: 0.55–0.88]), and DOR calculated was 138.48 (95% CI: 23.85–803.97). The area under the curve (AUC) and Q* index for RRT were 0.98 ± 0.02 and 0.95 ± 0.045, respectively. The results of our study justify the conclusion that RRT is a highly sensitive and specific test for the detection of anterior segment abnormalities.
Sudden bilateral vision loss in a COVID-19 patient: A case report
Authors: Atum Mahmut , Demiryürek Bekir Enes
Published: August 2021

We present a Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient who developed sudden bilateral vision loss after a bilateral occipital ischemic stroke and without a history of stroke risk factors. An 84-year-old man was admitted to the emergency room with bilateral sudden vision loss while receiving Favipiravir treatment for 5 days following a COVID-19 diagnosis. The patient had no history of stroke risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, or arrhythmia. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging of the patient revealed acute ischemia in the bilateral posterior occipital lobe and bilateral cerebellar hemisphere. We conclude that COVID-19 may rarely cause bilateral ischemic stroke presented only in the form of vision loss.
Clinical profile and error of inclusion and exclusion in schools for the blind in Bangalore and a review of literature
Authors: Kemmanu Vasudha , Tayde Priti , Venkatesh Ramesh , K Sindhu , BB Keshavardhini , M Bhanumathi , Shetty Naren
Published: August 2021

Purpose:

To determine the causes of severe visual impairment and blindness in children in schools for the blind in the city of Bangalore, Karnataka and to determine the error of inclusion and exclusion from these schools.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study. Children in four schools for the blind were subjected to a detailed ophthalmic evaluation. The World Health Organization Program for Prevention of Blindness low-vision form was used to collect data. To know the educational background of children with visual disability of 40% or more (best-corrected visual acuity of ≤6/24 in the better eye), not in schools for the blind, we collected data by telephonic conversation after procuring their phone numbers from our low-vision clinic.

Results:

One-hundred-seventy-eight children were examined. The major site of anomaly causing blindness in 31% of children was optic nerve, followed by retina (24%), cornea (23%), and whole globe (22%). Avoidable blindness was 35.42%. Thirteen percent of the children with no visual disability were incorrectly enrolled in blind schools. We were able to contact 92 children with a visual disability of ≥40%. Seventy-eight children (84.78%) attended regular schools; these schools were bereft of a specially trained teacher to look after the needs of the blind.

Conclusion:

Avoidable blindness is still a cause for concern. Children should undergo eye-examination before being enrolled in schools for the blind to avoid errors of inclusion. Though integrated education for children with vision disability is a good approach, it requires teachers trained in teaching skills particular to blindness. Education for the visually impaired in India needs a major revision.
Urgent and emergent glaucoma care during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis at a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Rajendrababu Sharmila , Durai Indira , Mani Iswarya , Ramasamy Krishnadas Subbaiah , Shukla Aakriti Garg , Robin Alan Lee
Published: August 2021

Purpose:

To describe the demographic profiles, clinical characteristics, and clinical outcomes of patients presenting with glaucoma emergencies during the COVID-19 lockdown in India.

Methods:

This retrospective, cross-sectional, observational case series involved review of medical records of all patients presenting to the glaucoma service during the COVID-19 lockdown period and comparison with the previous year (March 23 to June 23, 2020 Vs 2019) in a tertiary center in India.

Results:

We found a 78.9% reduction in overall outpatient visits (54,345 vs. 257,339; P < 0.001) and 80.9% reduction in the number of glaucoma outpatient visits (4,788 vs. 25,083; P < 0.001). Additionally, the proportion of true glaucoma emergency visits significantly increased by 62.4% in 2020 Vs 2019 (1,408/4,788 (29.4%) vs. 4,542/25,083 (18.1%); P < 0.001). Lens-induced glaucomas were the most common glaucoma surgical emergency (13.4%) in 2020. Moreover, comparison of procedures demonstrated a proportionate decrease in incisional glaucoma surgeries (70/115 (60.86%) vs. 806/939 (85.83%); P < 0.001) and an increase in the proportion of emergency cataract surgeries (129/475 (27.15%) vs. 170/2715 (6.26%); P < 0.001) and transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (45/115 (39.13%) vs. 133/939 (14.16%); P = 0.0001) during 2020 vs. 2019.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrated a 62% increase in the proportion of visits that were true glaucoma emergencies. Additionally, the proportions of emergency cataract surgeries increased by 4.3 times and the proportion of transscleral cyclophotocoagulation increased by 2.8 times during the pandemic. More nonincisional procedures and less diagnostic testing were performed to minimize postoperative visits and virus transmission. Further understanding of the profile of emergencies may help in developing novel strategies to anticipate future challenges in managing glaucoma care during subsequent waves of the pandemic.
A Study on Association of Age, Gender, and Body Mass Index with Hematological Parameters
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Reddy Vamshi Krishna , Sharma Supriya , Chandra Shaleen , Vijay Pradakhshana
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

Hematologists have always had a keen interest in researching the pathophysiology and clinical relevance of hematological parameters in various populations. Factors that may affect hematological and serum biochemical parameters might include gender, age, body mass index (BMI), season, and nutrition.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the association of hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, and platelets with the age, gender, and BMI of patients who came to the hematology section of the department in the regular outpatient department (OPD) services.

Materials and Methods:

We had selected 300 patients randomly who came to the hematology section of the department in the regular OPD services. We had calculated height and weight of the patient after their consent and calculated their BMI. The selected patients were categorized into five age groups from Group A to Group E (20–30 years, 31–40 years, 41–50 years, 51–60 years, and 61–70 years), into males and females (Group A and Group B), also according to BMI into four groups (Group A – BMI <18.5 kg/m2, Group B – BMI <18.5–25 kg/m2, Group C – BMI >25 kg/m2, and Group D – BMI >30 kg/m2). Blood sample was collected from each patient in an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid anticoagulant and was analyzed using a hematological autoanalyzer.

Results and Discussion:

A decline in hemoglobin (HB) levels and RBC count was observed above 30 years, and it decreased more in females. The mean age of obese subgroup was found to be significantly more among males. Whereas, underweight and overweight were found to be significantly more among females. HB, RBC, and platelet count did not show any significant difference among the subgroups of BMI category, but WBC count was found to be adequate in majority of the subjects with normal weight.

Conclusion:

In our study, we found an age-dependent decline in HB levels in the age group above 30 years. RBC and platelet count did not show any significant difference among the subgroups of BMI category, but WBC count was found to be adequate in subjects with normal weight.
Comparison of Changes in Salivary pH after Chewing Guava Leaves (Psidium Guajava) and Xylitol Gum
Authors: Senthilkumar S. , Jagadeson Mahesh , Krupa N. C. , Smith J. J. , Ahimsa M. K. , Dhiveya A.
Published: August 2021

Background:

The medicinal benefits of guava have been discussed in many ethnopharmacological studies. Extract from the guava leaves is known for its spasmolytic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Its effects on saliva have been least explored. The study aimed at evaluating the effect of chewing guava leaves and xylitol gum on salivary pH.

Materials and Methods:

The study design was a randomized, single-blind, crossover type. Forty-five volunteers were chosen based on selection criteria for the study. The participants were asked to chew guava leaf and sugar free xylitol chewing gum for about 90 s and the salivary pH was assessed.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference in pH on comparing the two groups. pH comparisons between different time intervals showed significant differences in both groups (P = 0.001). Post hoc comparisons of pH after chewing guava leaves showed significant differences between different time intervals (P = 0.001) except between 30 and 60 min (P = 0.377). Post hoc comparisons in the xylitol group showed significant differences between different time intervals (P = 0.001) except between baseline and 30 min (P = 0.071) and between 30 and 60 min (P = 0.83).

Conclusion:

Chewing guava leaves showed a similar effect and had a better short-term effect when compared to xylitol chewing gum at different time intervals.
Knowledge and Attitude of Global Pandemic Coronavirus Among Dental Health Professionals in North India
Authors: Singh Iqbal , Kour Robindera , Bali Ashish , Bali Aditya , Singh Amarpreet
Published: August 2021

Background:

Coronavirus has posed a greater risk of occupational transmission to dental professionals as it can spread through the aerosols.

Aim:

This syudy aimed to assess knowledge and awareness of private dental health-care professionals regarding coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) disease in India.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 private dentists practicing in north India. A self–administered, anonymous, multiple-choice type questionnaire was administered to gather information. The questionnaire contained 12 questions on knowledge and awareness regarding coronavirus keeping in view the time constraints. Statistical analyses were done using analysis of variance and Student t-test.

Results:

Awareness regarding the mode of transmission of COVID-19 was reported positively by 93.3% of subjects. Only 3.3% of subjects reported about having encountered a corona patient at their clinic. Preventive measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 were known to 77.7% of subjects. A statistically significant association of mean knowledge scores was noted with education level (P = 0.013) and working profile (P = 0.016) of the subjects.

Conclusion:

The results of the present study showed that some knowledge gaps existed among dentists regarding some important aspects of COVID-19. Therefore, there is an urgent need for training and continuous education programs regarding infectious diseases.
Cost-Effectiveness and Cost–Utility Analysis of the Use of Clopidogrel and Pantoprazole in Comparison with Clopidogrel and Omeprazole for the Secondary Prevention of Myocardial Infarction in Iran
Authors: Amirsadri Mohammadreza , Hajhashemi Valiollah , Asemi Amir Shahriar
Published: August 2021

Objective:

Gastrointestinal bleeding, a side effect of clopidogrel, is usually prevented by proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). Due to omeprazole's inhibitory effects on the liver enzyme CYP2C19, its concomitant use with clopidogrel is argued to increase the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) recurrence, as CYP2C19 activates clopidogrel. Pantoprazole as an alternative PPI has shown no inhibitory effect on CYP2C19. This study investigates the cost-effectiveness of concomitant use of clopidogrel and pantoprazole in MI patients compared to the simultaneous use of clopidogrel and omeprazole.

Methods:

We used the Markov-modeling technique with a hypothetical cohort of 1000 acute MI patients aged 55 years using Microsoft Excel 2013 software. The study was done from the payer perspective, and a lifetime horizon with 1-year cycles was considered in the model. Life-years gained (LYG) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were used to quantify the health effects of these interventions. Two separate scenarios of public tariffs and private tariffs with various discount rates (0%, 3%, and 7.2% discounts (only for costs)) were evaluated, and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was used to report the results. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to deal with uncertainty. Data were sourced from published literature and tariff book of the Iranian ministry of health.

Findings:

The estimated ICERs were 342 USD/QALY and 236 USD/LYG per patient for the base-case scenario.

Conclusion:

Abiding by the WHO threshold for cost-effectiveness, the concomitant use of pantoprazole and clopidogrel can be considered cost-effective compared to the use of omeprazole and clopidogrel.
Split dose bowel preparation before colonoscopy of PEG (Nulytely) in comparison to routine single dose bowel preparation
Authors: Al Alawi Said , Al Dhahab Hisham , Al Salmi Issa
Published: August 2021

Background:

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in single- or split-dose regimens for colonoscopy bowel preparation.

Methods:

This is a prospective, randomized, endoscopist blinded, single-center study, that included adult patients who underwent colonoscopy during the period from December 2017 to October 2018. Two groups were enrolled in the same period: One group used 4 L of PEG (Nulytely) in a single-dose preparation, administered a day before the procedure, and the other group received a split-dose regimen of 2 L PEG (Nulytely), given a day before the procedure and 2 L on the day of the procedure in the early morning. The Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) was used for bowel preparation adequacy; scales 0 and 1 were considered inadequate, and scales 2 and 3 were considered adequate preparation.

Results:

Two hundred and forty patients were enrolled, 120 (50%) using the split-dose regimen and 120 (50%) using the single-dose regimen, for bowel preparation. Males constituted 51.6% of the study cohort. In the single-dose group, 62.5% achieved adequate bowel preparation compared to 89.2% in the split-dose group (p< 0.001). In addition, polyp detection in the split-dose group was 23.3% in comparison to 10.8% in the single-dose group (P = 0.016). We also found hypertension and diabetes as significant predictors of bowel preparation inadequacy, while sex and age were not related to bowel preparation adequacy.

Conclusions:

Split-dose bowel preparation for colonoscopy with PEG (Nulytely) is better than routine single-dose, in terms of adequate bowel preparation and polyp detection.
Rosette-forming epithelioid osteosarcoma in the rib: a rare case of location and morphology
Authors: Oh Sun-Ju
Published: August 2021

The rib is an unusual location for osteosarcoma and is reported in only 2% of all cases. The major histological variants of osteosarcoma are osteoblastic, chondroblastic, and fibroblastic, with a few rare variants including one epithelioid type. This report describes a 44-year-old male with an osteolytic mass in the right seventh rib. Histological examination revealed osteosarcoma with unique features of epithelioid appearance and rosette structures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a rosette-forming osteosarcoma of the rib that showed epithelioid morphology. Despite successful surgery, the patient’s prognosis was poor because this malignancy had an unusual location within the axial skeleton and was a rare histological variant.
Validation of Cancer Diagnosis Based on the National Health Insurance Service Database versus the National Cancer Registry Database in Korea
Authors: Yang Min Soo , Park Minae , Back Joung Hwan , Lee Gyeong Hyeon , Shin Ji Hye , Kim Kyuwoong , Seo Hwa Jeong , Kim Young Ae
Published: August 2021

PurposeThis study aimed to assess the feasibility of operational definitions of cancer patients in conducting cancer-related studies using the claims data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Materials and MethodsCancer incidence data were obtained from the Korean Central Cancer Registry, the NHIS primary diagnosis, and from the rare and intractable disease (RID) registration program.ResultsThe operational definition with higher sensitivity for cancer patient verification was different by cancer type. Using primary diagnosis, the lowest sensitivity was found in colorectal cancer (91.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 91.7 to 92.0) and the highest sensitivity was found in breast cancer (97.9%; 95% CI, 97.8 to 98.0). With RID, sensitivity was the lowest in liver cancer (91.9%; 95% CI, 91.7 to 92.0) and highest in breast cancer (98.1%; 95% CI, 98.0 to 98.2). In terms of the difference in the date of diagnosis in the cancer registration data, > 80% of the patients showed a < 31-day difference from the RID definition. ConclusionBased on the NHIS data, the operational definition of cancer incidence is more accurate when using the RID registration program claims compared to using the primary diagnosis despite the relatively lower concordance by cancer type requires additional definitions such as treatment.
Some Biological Aspects of Cultured Ompok Pabda (Hamilton, 1822) Collected from A Local Fish Farm in Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Authors: Roy Dulon , Sarker Ashish Kumer , Abedin Abu Musa Mohammad Khairul , Sarker Smita , Begum Kazi Nahida , Latifa Gulshan Ara
Published: August 2021

An experiment was conducted to observe some biological aspects including growth, sex ratio, gonadal maturity, artificial insemination, fecundity, fertilization, hatching and larval development of O. pabda in a private hatchery. Total weight of the sampled fish varied from 1.60±0.43 to 111.12±6.83 g and length varied from 3.57±0.65 to 21.22±1.84 cm with the SGR 2.85±0.18 and ADG 0.73±0.05. The length and weight of the fish had a strong correlation (r²=0.966). Female dominance over male has been observed in the species. The male to female ratio was 1:1.48. Females were 16.8 cm in length at first maturity, while males were 16.6 cm in length. The GSI of female were ranged from 2.93 to 4.77 with the mean of 3.77±0.60 during the study period. The fecundity of O. pabda was ranged from 5675 to 19626 with the mean of 12503±4192 for the corresponding length 21.23±1.71, body weight 111.12±7.6 and gonad weight 4.19±0.87. Fertilization rate, hatching rate and larval development observed during the experiment. Scattered diagram for length-weight, fecundity-length, fecunditybody weight and fecundity-gonad weight relationship shows a perfect correlation both arithmetically and logarithmically.
Интегрируемые расширения классических эллиптических интегрируемых систем
Authors: Olshanetsky Mikhail Aronovich
Published: August 2021

Рассмотрены два частных примера ранее предложенной общей конструкции: расширение интегрируемого волчка Эйлера-Арнольда, связанного с группой $SL(N,\mathbb{C})$, и интегрируемое расширение классической $N$-частичной эллиптической системы Калоджеро-Мозера со спином. Расширенные системы имеют дополнительные $N-1$ степени свободы и могут быть описаны в терминах переменных Дарбу.
Risk Factors and Protective Immunity Against Rabies in Unvaccinated Butchers Working at Dog Slaughterhouses in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Anh Kieu Thi , Vu Anh Hoang , Nguyen Thu Tuyet , Nguyen Dong Vinh , Ngo Giang Chau , Pham Thai Quang , Inoue Satoshi , Nishizono Akira
Published: August 2021

Vietnam is a rabies-endemic country where eating dog meat is customary. However, the risks of rabies transmission to dog slaughtering and processing workers have not been identified. This study aimed to determine the rabies neutralizing antibody (NTA) and risk factors in dog slaughterers to propose appropriate intervention methods for this occupational group. In 2016, a cross-sectional study on NTA against rabies virus and related factors was conducted among 406 professional dog slaughterers in Vietnam. The participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, and their sera were tested for rabies NTA by a rapid focus fluorescence inhibition test. Statistical algorithms were used to analyze the data. The results showed that most of the professional dog butchers (344/406 subjects, 84.7%) had no rabies NTA. Interestingly, 7.8% (29/373) had NTA without a rabies vaccination history. Over 5 years of experience as a dog butcher was positively associated with the presence of NTA in unvaccinated individuals (OR = 6.16, P = 0.001). The NTA in vaccinated butchers was present in higher titer and for longer persistence to those of other previously reported professionals, which is possibly as a result of multiple exposures to low levels of rabies virus antigens during dog slaughtering. Our study demonstrated that professional dog butchers in Vietnam are at a high risk of rabies virus infection, apart from those with common bite experiences. In countries where dog meat consumption is customary, rabies control and prevention activities should focus on safety during dog trading and slaughtering.
Social Stressors, Arboviral Infection, and Immune Dysregulation in the Coastal Lowland Region of Ecuador: A Mixed Methods Approach in Ecological Perspective
Authors: Vega Ocasio Denisse , Stewart-Ibarra Anna M. , Sippy Rachel , Li Christina , McCue Kaitlyn , Bendinskas Kestutis G. , Gump Brooks B. , Cueva-Aponte Cinthya , Ayala Efrain Beltrán , Morrell Craig N. , Dye Timothy D.
Published: August 2021

Aedes aegypti, the mosquito that transmits arboviral diseases such as dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika viruses (ZIKV), is present in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Individuals at risk of mosquito-borne disease (MBD) in the urban tropics face daily challenges linked to their socio-environment conditions, such as poor infrastructure, poverty, crowding, and limited access to adequate healthcare. These daily demands induce chronic stress events and dysregulated immune responses. We sought to investigate the role of socio-ecologic risk factors in distress symptoms and their impact on biological responses to MBD in Machala, Ecuador. Between 2017 and 2019, individuals (≥ 18 years) with suspected arbovirus illness (DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV) from sentinel clinics were enrolled (index cases, N = 28). Cluster investigations of the index case households and people from four houses within a 200-m radius of index home (associate cases, N = 144) were conducted (total N = 172). Hair samples were collected to measure hair cortisol concentration (HCC) as a stress biomarker. Blood samples were collected to measure serum cytokines concentrations of IL-10, IL-8, TNF-α, and TGF-β. Univariate analyses were used to determine the association of socio-health metrics related to perceived stress scores (PSS), HCC, and immune responses. We found that housing conditions influence PSS and HCC levels in individuals at risk of MBD. Inflammatory cytokine distribution was associated with the restorative phase of immune responses in individuals with low-moderate HCC. These data suggest that cortisol may dampen pro-inflammatory responses and influence activation of the restorative phase of immune responses to arboviral infections.
Repeated Ivermectin Treatment Induces Ivermectin Resistance in Strongyloides ratti by Upregulating the Expression of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Genes
Authors: Sengthong Chatchawan , Yingklang Manachai , Intuyod Kitti , Haonon Ornuma , Pinlaor Porntip , Jantawong Chanakan , Hongsrichan Nuttanan , Laha Thewarach , Anutrakulchai Sirirat , Cha’on Ubon , Sithithaworn Paiboon , Pinlaor Somchai
Published: August 2021

Ivermectin (IVM) is a widely used anthelmintic. However, with widespread use comes the risk of the emergence of IVM resistance, particularly in strongyloidiasis. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes play an important role in the IVM-resistance mechanism. Here, we aimed to establish an animal experimental model of IVM resistance by frequent treatment of Strongyloides ratti with subtherapeutic doses of IVM, resistance being evaluated by the expression levels of ABC transporter genes. Rats infected with S. ratti were placed in experimental groups as follows: 1) untreated control (control); 2) treated with the mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS); 3) injected with 100 µg/kg body weight of IVM (IVM); 4) treated with a combination of EMS and IVM (IVM+EMS). Parasites were evaluated after four generations. Extent of IVM resistance was assessed using IVM sensitivity, larval development, and expression of ABC genes. By the F4 generation, S. ratti in the IVM group exhibited significantly higher levels of IVM resistance than did other groups according to in vitro drug-sensitivity tests and inhibition of larval development (IC50 = 36.60 ng/mL; 95% CI: 31.6, 42.01). Expression levels of ABC isoform genes (ABCA, ABCF, and ABCG) were statistically significantly higher in the IVM-resistant line compared with the susceptible line. In conclusion, IVM subtherapeutic doses induced IVM resistance in S. ratti by the F4 generation with corresponding upregulation of some ABC isoform genes. The study provides a model for inducing and assessing drug resistance in Strongyloides.
Impact of Recent SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Course and Severity of Dengue in Children: A Prospective Observational Study from North India
Authors: Ravikumar Namita , Randhawa Manjinder Singh , Nallasamy Karthi , Angurana Suresh Kumar , Kumar Mahendra , Mohi Gursimran Kaur , Ratho Radha Kanta , Jayashree Muralidharan
Published: August 2021

In 2020, a considerable overlap occurred between the COVID-19 pandemic and seasonal dengue transmission in India. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acute or recent infection with SARS-CoV-2 on the course and outcomes of dengue fever in children. We prospectively enrolled 44 children with a clinical and laboratory diagnosis of dengue fever. Assessment of acute and recent SARS-CoV-2 infection was done using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and IgG antibody through ELISA. Children were grouped based on evidence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and clinical severity, and outcomes were compared. The median age of the study cohort was 96 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 69–129 months). Fever (98%), vomiting (78%), abdominal pain (68%), hepatomegaly (68%), and edema (32%) were the common features. About two-thirds (N = 30) had severe dengue; 20 (45%) had dengue shock. Liver dysfunction (58%) and acute kidney injury (25%) were other major organ dysfunctions. Nineteen (43%) children stayed in the pediatric intensive care unit for a median duration of 5 days (IQR: 2–11 days). None had acute SARS-CoV2 infection; however, IgG against SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 15 (34%) cases. Children with recent exposure to SARS-CoV-2 showed a trend toward a lower incidence of acute kidney injury, fewer organ dysfunctions, and a lower frequency of invasive ventilation. Four children (9%) died; none of the deaths were in the SARS-CoV-2–exposed group. The present study exposes preliminary evidence that dengue fever might follow a less severe course in children with recent exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it is pertinent to understand the antigenic similarity and cross-protective antibody response between the two viruses and their clinical relevance.
Opinia profesora Władysława Woltera w sprawie działalności sądów niemieckich na obszarach polskich w okresie najazdu hitlerowskiego
Authors: Graczyk Konrad
Published: August 2021

Opinion of Professor Władysław Wolter on the Activities of German Courts in Polish Territories during the Nazi Occupation

The study was devoted to the legal opinion drawn up in the post-war trial against the German judge Albert Michel on the activities of German courts in Polish territories during the Nazi occupation. The scope of the opinion is broader than it appears from the title – Professor Władysław Wolter covered the entire German occupation including the actual German invasion in 1939. The text of the source was preceded by a discussion in which the circumstances of the opinion were explained, the author’s profile was presented, and its most important theses were characterised. The statements of the opinion were re­lated to other views of the doctrine and jurisprudence, as well as the decisions issued in the Michel case.
The Development of E-Book Based on Project Based Learning on the Plant Anatomy Structure Material
Authors: Desy Muwaffaqoh  , Tjandra Kirana  , Fida Rachmadiarti
Published: August 2021

Problem solving skills are needed by students to solve problems that arise in everyday life. Innovation in learning is needed so that students can achieve the basic competencies and apply 21st-century skills, in the form of interactive, collaborative learning models. One of the innovations is using the Project-Based Learning learning model with the E-book of plant anatomy structures. This study aims to develop an E-book of PjBL-based plant anatomy structures to practice problem-solving skills which are declared valid in terms of theoretical and empirical aspects. The theoretical aspect is viewed from the results of the validity. Empirical aspects in terms of learning outcomes, student responses, and readability. The development model used is 4D. The research was carried out at the UNESA Postgraduate Program in June-August 2020. The target of this research was an online E-book on the structure of plant anatomy based on Project Based Learning which was tested on ten students of Muhammadiyah 1 Gresik senior high school in February 2021. The instruments used were validation sheets, student response sheets, and fry chart sheets. The data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The results showed that the PjBL-based E-book of plant anatomical structures was theoretically feasible based on the validation results obtained an categories very valid and empirically feasible based on student learning outcomes (N-gain of moderate categories). Based on this description, a PjBL E-book of plant anatomy structures to train students' problem-solving skills is feasible theoretically and empirically.
Setor Sucroalcooleiro de Rio Brilhante (MS): Uma análise de Insumo-Produto
Authors: Fernandes Tatiane Aparecida Dreger , Abrita Mateus Boldrine , Rodrigues Wesley  Osvaldo Pradella
Published: August 2021

Rio Brilhante, localizado no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, vem se destacando na produção de cana de açúcar, sendo que no ano de 2017 foi a segunda maior produtora do Brasil. Neste sentido, pensar no conceito Região é entender que existem inúmeras diferenciações regionais, o que, consequentemente, coloca como necessária uma análise mais aprofundada. Não obstante, diversos teóricos tenham buscado, por meio do desenvolvimento regional, explicar essas complexidades encontradas em cada região de cada subespaço, entre eles destaca-se François Perroux, que permeou sua teoria a partir dos polos de crescimento. Assim, fundamentado nas ideias do autor, estabelecemos como objetivo deste trabalho analisar, por meio de uma matriz insumo-produto, se o setor sucroalcooleiro atua como um polo de crescimento no município de Rio Brilhante - MS. Para tanto, foi adotada uma análise de matriz insumo-produto que permite verificar quais setores possuem maior capacidade de gerar impactos na economia. No resultado das análises sobre o setor sucroalcooleiro de Rio Brilhante (MS), observamos indícios de que este atua como um setor chave para o crescimento econômico do município, entretanto não se pode afirmar que ele atua como um polo de crescimento no sentido estrito da teoria de Perroux.
Territórios da Educação do Campo: do campo em movimento à aprendizagem territorial
Authors: Silva Marcos Nicolau Santos da , Rocha Rosimary Gomes , Penha Luciano Rocha da
Published: August 2021

Este artigo objetiva analisar teoricamente o que convencionalmente configurou-se como território(s) da educação do campo, intentando ampliar o debate sobre esta temática quando considera que há uma conflitualidade no campo brasileiro entre o território do campesinato e o do agronegócio. Além disso, as experiências de educação do campo revelam um território educativo como dimensão prática da aprendizagem territorial, fruto da participação dos povos e movimentos do campo. Embora este trabalho esteja centrado no debate teórico e na revisão bibliográfica, foi realizada a pesquisa documental em sítios eletrônicos do INCRA, IBGE e Censo Escolar/INEP, a fim de correlacionar dados educacionais e de assentamentos rurais do município de Grajaú à luz da análise qualitativa e apresentação de algumas incursões de pesquisa de campo nas escolas do município em tela. Persiste a necessidade de coibir o fechamento de escolas do campo em Grajaú e, por extensão, nos municípios do Sul do Maranhão nos quais avança o agronegócio, bem como a superação da precarização de escolas e territórios rurais. Consequentemente, também é necessária a separação da educação dos vínculos políticos, que a colocam como moeda de troca para alocação de empregos oriundos de apoio político após eleições municipais e/ou estaduais.
Emotional Labour in the Lifeworld of Indian Hospitality Employees: A Phenomenological Inquiry
Authors: Bhattachayra Sanjay , Dasgupta Hirak
Published: August 2021

In this study we explore the lived experience of emotional labour of ten hospitality employees and tries to get a deeper understanding of how they interpret it in their life world. In-depth interviews were conducted with the front-line employees 4,5-star hotels and high-end restaurants in the city of Pune in Western Indian state of Maharashtra. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to analyse the data, the findings threw up some convergent as well as divergent themes about how the employees interpret the experience in their life world and how they feel about it. Emotional maneuverability, ambivalent disposition, spillover of emotions emerged as some of the key interpretations of emotional labour as a lived experience. It also emerged that a collective effort needs to be put in place to help the employees cope with the consequences of emotional labour. This study can help hospitality industry leaders with a fresh perspective about understanding and tackling the negative consequences of emotional labour amongst their employees.
Akurasi Pemeriksaan Biopsi Aspirasi Jarum Halus (BAJAH) dalam Diagnosis Keganasan Kelenjar Getah Bening Leher
Authors: Wiganda  , Achmad Dimyati , Abdurahman Maman
Published: August 2021

Pendahuluan : Teknik pemeriksaan biopsi aspirasi jarum halus (BAJAH) bersifat cepat, aman, dan kurang invasif untuk mendiagnosis keganasan pada kelenjar getah bening. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai akurasi, sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai ramal positif, dan nilai ramal negatif pemeriksaan BAJAH pada penderita limfadenopati koli yang berobat ke Subbagian Bedah Onkologi Kepala dan Leher Bagian Bedah RS Hasan Sadikin, Bandung (RSHS).

Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan uji diagnosis pemeriksaan BAJAH pada penderita dengan diagnosis klinis limfadenopati koli. Hasil pemeriksaan BAJAH dibandingkan dengan baku emas pemeriksaan histopatologis. Subjek penelitian adalah penderita yang berobat di Subbagian Bedah Onkologi Kepala dan Leher Bagian Bedah RSHS, dengan keluhan pembesaran kelenjar getah bening di leher. Penelitian ini telah mendapat persetujuan dari Komite Etik Penelitian Kesehatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran (FKUNPAD)/RS Hasan Sadikin, Bandung. Selama penelitian yang dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2008 hingga April 2008 didapatkan 36 orang yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi, terdiri dari 16 orang laki-laki dan 20 orang perempuan, dengan rentang usia antara 14 tahun sampai dengan 87 tahun.

Hasil : Pada pemeriksaaan histopatologis didapatkan 12 orang menderita limfadenopati ganas, dan 24 orang dengan limfadenopati jinak. Pada pemeriksaan BAJAH didapatkan positif palsu 1 penderita, dan negatif palsu 1 penderita. Akurasi diagnosis pemeriksaan BAJAH adalah 94,4%, sensitifitas 91,7%, spesifisitas 95,8%. Nilai ramal positif dan negatif dari metode pemeriksaan ini adalah 91,7% dan 95,8%.

Diskusi : Uji diagnosis BAJAH terhadap adanya keganasan pada limfadenopati koli memiliki akurasi 94,4%, sensitivitas 91,7%, spesifisitas 95,8%, nilai ramal positif 91,7% dan nilai ramal negatif 95,8%. Pemeriksaan BAJAH dapat digunakan secara rutin untuk mendiagnosis keganasan limfadenopati koli pada penderita yang menolak dilakukan biopsi terbuka.