bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of the New Growth Theory to Financial Risk Management
Authors: Mubanani Edmond Mukhongo , Fadhil Purity Njeri
Published: June 2023

The aim of this research was to look at certain trends in the New Growth Theory. A literature search study was done with the purpose of establishing linkages between the New Growth Theory on Financial Risk Management and other aspects of financial impacts. The findings indicate that economic development policy is affected in a number of ways by the New Growth Theory. This may include the generation of new knowledge, which is crucial for growth sustenance brought about by increasing demand for production due to an increase in the needs and wants of the population. All of the elements that encourage the formation of new knowledge, including research and development, the educational system, and entrepreneurship, require careful consideration on the part of policymakers. By attributing production growth to externalities produced by investments in human capital and technology, the new growth theory endogenizes the drivers of growth; some variations also incorporate policy variables. The new growth theories warn against overprotecting intellectual property rights, but they also suggest that in a situation where there is a significant and expanding information gap between wealthy and developing nations, some trade restrictions may be justifiable. The New Growth Theory is significantly correlated with the value of human capital, quality education, new knowledge, and the government's provision of incentives for the private sector's research and development (R&D).
Residual error based adaptive method with an optimal variable scaling parameter for RBF interpolation
Authors: Veni G. Krishna , Satyanarayana Chirala , Krishnareddy M. Chenna
Published: June 2023

In infinitely smooth Radial Basis Function (RBF) based interpolation, the scaling parameter plays an important role to obtain an accurate and stable numerical solution. When this method is applied to interpolate a function with sharp gradients, then adaptive methods will also play a significant role in determining an optimal number of centers according to the user desired accuracy. In this article, we test an optimization algorithm developed using the nonlinear optimization to find a scaling parameter for RBF along with an adaptive residual subsampling method [1] RBF interpolation. In this process, at each stage of adoption, the available optimal shape parameters have been obtained by solving the system of non-linear equations.
Effect of soil consolidation on the fractality of the filtration law
Authors: Panahov Geylani , Museibli Parviz , Sultanov Babek
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the effect of consolidation of the soil structure on the fractality of the fluid flow was evaluated. The equation of fractal law of flow in the porous medium under consolidation of two-phase, fully fluid-saturated soil was determined. Given all the simplifications, as well as the undoubted importance of the nature of the porous medium, which primarily determine the possible processes of both consolidation and fractal flow based on the results of the studies, we can conclude that a homogeneous porous reservoir at given parameters under the effect of groundwater pressure will expand its fractal structure.
USO DE AERONAVE REMOTAMENTE PILOTADA COMO FERRAMENTA PARA ANÁLISE E GESTÃO TERRITORIAL
Authors: Inguaggiato Felipe Facci , Olivatto Tatiane Ferreira , Stanganini Fábio Noel
Published: June 2023

A gestão de áreas urbanas isoladas é um desafio para o poder público municipal, principalmente em municípios de pequeno porte, cuja disponibilidade orçamentária é muitas vezes limitada. Neste sentido, o uso da aerofotogrametria digital, utilizando aeronaves remotamente pilotadas (RPA), popularmente conhecidas como Drones, surge como uma alternativa de subsídio à gestão urbana, tendo em vista seu baixo custo, operabilidade simplificada e possibilidade de imageamento de pequenas áreas em um curto espaço de tempo. Visando avaliar a viabilidade do uso desta tecnologia, este trabalho teve por objetivo o emprego de uma RPA (modelo Phantom 4 Pro) para coleta de dados em uma área urbana isolada no Município de Guararema – SP. A metodologia utilizada contemplou a coleta de pontos de apoio no intuito de atribuir acurácia posicional às imagens, resultando na construção de material cartográfico georreferenciado (ortofoto e modelo digital de elevação) e com qualidade submétrica. Foi verificado que os produtos podem ser utilizados para fins de regularização fundiária, permitindo a vetorização de feições como quadras, lotes, construções, infraestrutura urbana e vegetação, além da extração de curvas de nível. Os produtos se enquadram na classificação de qualidade PEC Classe A, com escala de referência técnica de 1:1000, reafirmando-os como alternativa para atualização da base cadastral de prefeituras e como fonte de informações de qualidade para a o planejamento e gestão de áreas urbanas.
A Different Traditional Approach for Automatic Comparative Machine Learning in Multimodality Covid-19 Severity Recognition
Authors: Saraei Mohammadreza , Rahmani Saba , Rajebi Saman , Danishvar Sebelan
Published: June 2023

In March 2020, the world health organization introduced a new infectious pandemic called “novel coronavirus disease” or “Covid-19”, origin dates back to World War II (1939) and spread from the city of Wuhan in China (2019). The severity of the outbreak affected the health of abundant folk worldwide. This bred the emergence of unimodal artificial intelligence approaches in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease but solely led to a significant percentage of false-negative results. In this paper, we combined 2500 Covid-19 multimodal data based on Early Fusion Type-I (EFT1) architecture as a severity recognition model for the classification task. We designed and implemented one-step systems of automatic comparative machine learning (AutoCML) and automatic comparative machine learning based on important feature selection (AutoIFSCML). We utilized our posed assessment method called “Descended Composite Scores Average (DCSA)”. In AutoCML, Extreme Gradient Boost (DCSA=0.998) and in AutoIFSCML, Random Forest (DCSA=0.960) demonstrated the best performance for multimodality Covid-19 severity recognition while 70% of the characteristics with high DCSA were chosen by the internal important features selection system (AutoIFS) to enter the AutoCML system. The DCSA-based designed systems can be useful in implementing fine-tuned machine learning models in medical processes by leveraging the capacities and performances of the model in all methods. As well as, ensemble learning made sounds good among evaluated traditional models in systems.
Evaluating Blockchain-Based Supply Chain Challenges (A Survey)
Authors: Rahmaty Maryam
Published: June 2023

Blockchain technology is an emerging technology that will have a significant impact on the business of organizations. One of the influential areas of blockchain technology is the supply chain sector. Supply chain is a network of people and companies that focuses on the production and distribution of a specific product or service from the stage of primary producers to customers and consumers. Most supply and distribution networks face problems with managing all these components together. Many problems of current supply chains can be solved through blockchain technology; Because blockchain offers us very good and pristine ways to record, transfer and share information. The literature in this field is more focused on the technological sector and pays less attention to other sectors. In this research, it is emphasized the need to pay attention to the relationships between supply chain partners and change management when adopting this technology. Also, the current research identifies some of the challenges of adopting blockchain technology with a comprehensive view for the first time and places these challenges in a new classification. These challenges are classified in the groups of organizational challenges, inter-organizational challenges, external/environmental challenges, and technological challenges.
Accumulation of Dehydrin Transcripts Correlates with Tolerance to Drought Stress in Sunflower
Authors: Port Angela , Clapco Steliana , Duca Maria , Burcovschi Ion , Joiţa-Păcureanu Maria
Published: June 2023

Present study was focused on the analyses of phenotypic traits (across field and laboratory trials) and transcriptional changes in cotyledons and roots of sunflower hybrids, exposed to different levels of drought stress. By comparing the level of dehydrins genes (DHNs) expression in tolerant and sensitive genotypes as response to drought and of the correlations between physiologic responses in laboratory and field screening, an efficient and easily manageable experimental test system for sunflower seedlings was established. Thus, DHNs genes (Rab18-like, Xero1 and COR47-like) differentially expressed under induced hydric stress could be used as a proceeding for estimation of plant drought survival, hence, improving the pre-screening trials in the breeding programs aimed on plant tolerance to water-deficit stresses.
PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN PROGRAM PEMANDU WISATA SEJARAH MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN SEJARAH UNIVERSITAS PGRI MAHADEWA INDONESIA PADA OBJEK WISATA YEH PULU, GIANYAR BALI
Authors: I Nyoman Bayu Pramartha  , I Dewa Made Alit  , Ni Putu Yuniarika Parwati
Published: June 2023

A historical tour guide is one of the historical learning activities that utilize historical tourism objects as the basis for carrying out its activities. The method of implementing this Community Service is the field trip method, lecture method, training method, and guidance method. The training materials and assistance for historical tourism are in the form of: The material provided is the basics of scouting, how to become a tour guide, and historical tourism objects that can be used as training for historical tour guides. Based on the results of observations during the activity, it can be concluded that the material given to the training participants was well received, and the response given by the participants was very positive. The results of this service activity are that participants 1) understand the basics and techniques of being a historical tour guide, 2) know and understand the duties and ethics of a historical tour guide, 3) practice being a historical tour guide from the opening, core activities, and closing stages in guide activities. historical tourism, 4) able to guide historical tours and provide a self-image as a professional historical tour guide.
Influence of Settlement Activities on Sustainable Households’ Livelihoods of the Inhabitants in Mount Elgon Forest, Bungoma County, Kenya
Authors: Simiyu Robert Kakai , Mamboleo Denis , Lumayu Mildred Fedha
Published: June 2023

Mount Elgon Forest has declined primarily due to anthropogenic activities. The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of settlement activities on sustainable household’s livelihoods of inhabitants in Mount Elgon Forest, Bungoma County, Kenya. This study used cross-sectional research design and mixed methodology. The target population was 12842 household heads, 4 ward administrators, 12 chiefs, 1 Kenya Forest service personnel and 1 NEMA official. A sample of 373 household heads, 4 ward administrators, 12 chiefs, 1 Kenya Forest Service Personnel and 1 NEMA official took part in the study. Questionnaires, interview guides and Focus Group Discussions were used to collect data. Validity was determined by consulting supervisors while reliability was ascertained through piloting and use of Cronbach Alpha Coefficient. Quantitative data was analysed using frequencies, percentages, means, Standard deviation and Pearson Correlation analysis. Qualitative data was thematically classified and arranged before being reported in narrations and quotations. Analyzed data was presented using tables and figures. The study found a significant positive correlation between settlement activities and sustainable households’ livelihoods (r = .614; p = .000). It was recommended that there was a need to devise ways of reducing population density and land fragmentation leading to reduced dependency on forest products. The findings of the study will be crucial to professional bodies and institutions such as Kenya Forest service, Kenya wildlife service and NEMA in relooking at the approaches that enhance livelihoods among forest users and thus come up with strategies for effective management of forests improving on sustainable livelihoods.
El argumento precrítico de las contrapartes incongruentes y el origen del idealismo trascendental
Authors: Mendoza Gurrola Paulo Sergio
Published: June 2023

Este trabajo analiza la inflexión que la concepción de Kant en torno al espacio experimenta hacia el final del período precrítico. Mediante la primera formulación del argumento de las contrapartes incongruentes, que tiene lugar en su ensayo sobre Las direcciones en el espacio, de 1768, Kant trastoca su anterior noción del espacio, básicamente leibniziana, y termina por sostener el carácter absoluto e independiente del espacio. No obstante que desde una perspectiva metafísica esto pueda significar un exabrupto en la evolución del pensamiento kantiano, desde un punto de vista epistemológico puede advertirse que una de las implicaciones de esta recuperación del espacio absoluto lleva a Kant a considerarlo como un concepto fundamental que hace posible todas nuestras experiencias, con lo cual anticipa uno de los principios sobre los cuales descansará su posterior tesis crítica de la idealidad trascendental del espacio.

ORCID
Normas de edición para autores
Authors: Órdenes Azúa Paula
Published: June 2023

La revista publica trabajos redactados en lengua castellana, alemana, francesa, inglesa, italiana y portuguesa referidos a cualquiera de los ámbitos relativos a la filosofía kantiana o en los que la presencia de esta tenga una relevancia significativa. Exceptuadas las reseñas, las entrevistas, los informes, las convocatorias y los obituarios, todos los contenidos de la revista son sometidos a referato doble ciego. Luego de la admisión de las contribuciones por el equipo editorial de la revista,  el proceso de evaluación demora entre 3 y 6 meses. 
Las contribuciones deben ser originales y su extensión no podrá superar los 80.000 caracteres con espacios. Las reseñas no excederán los 16.000 caracteres con espacios.
Molecular dynamics simulation of thermal conductivity of diamond/epoxy resin composites
Authors: Liu Xiu-Cheng , Yang Zhi , Guo Hao , Chen Ying , Luo Xiang-Long , Chen Jian-Yong ,   School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China,   Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Published: June 2023

Improving the thermal conductivity (TC) of epoxy resin thermal interface material is of great significance in tackling the heat dissipation problem of high heat flux in microelectronic chips such as 5G. Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) method, the effects of two different filling styles of nano-diamond fillers on the TC of EP based composites are investigated. The results show that the TC of the composite increases with the diamond size when single-particle filling is used, and that a larger diamond size leads to a more significant reduction of the free volume fraction and thus an improvement of the TC. In the multi-particle packing, the composite TC first increases and then decreases with increasing particle number. Increasing the number of particles reduces the free volume fraction, but also results in a larger specific surface area and interfacial thermal resistance, which has a more significant weakening effect on the TC. Moreover, within the same mass fraction of nano-diamond filler, increasing the filler size has a more significant TC improvement on the composite than increasing the number of particles. This study is instructive for the design and preparation of high thermal conductivity nanodiamond/epoxy resin composites.
Three-dimensional numerical simulation of Ostwald ripening characteristics of bubbles in porous medium
Authors: Zhang Mu-An , Wang Jin-Qing , Wu Rui , Feng Zhi , Zhan Ming-Xiu , Xu Xu , Chi Zuo-He ,   College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Published: June 2023

Ostwald ripening behaviors of bubbles in porous medium are observed commonly in various fields, including CO2 geological storage, preparation of porous materials, and fuel cells. A three-dimensional pore network model based on concentration coupling calculation has been developed to investigate the ripening characteristics of bubbles in porous medium on a pore scale. This model takes into account the shape of bubble, the structure of porous medium, and mass transfer between gas and liquid. By solving the gas phase concentration of each pore body in the three-dimensional pore network, the model can track the evolution process of each bubble. A microfluidic chip with a four-pore structure is used to validate the reliability of the model through visual experiments. To analyze the effect of porous medium heterogeneity on the bubble ripening process, two different three-dimensional pore network structures with varying pore sizes are constructed and the ripening processes of bubbles in two regions are simulated numerically. The results show that the initial distribution of bubbles can affect the ripening process of porous medium. When bubbles are uniformly distributed, in the ripening process, they exhibit regular and systematic changes in their spacing. However, in the case of uneven bubble distribution, as the bubbles transfer from smaller pore region to larger pore region, they also undergo individual mass transfer towards the larger bubble region in their respective areas. Consequently, the remaining bubbles no longer maintain a spaced distribution pattern. Additionally, the differences in initial size among bubbles can accelerate the ripening process, resulting in a significantly shorter ripening time than that in a uniform distribution. The choice of pore number has a significant influence on continuous-scale equivalent parameters, such as average capillary pressure and saturation. As the number of pores increases, the capillary pressure and saturation exhibit a more regular, nonlinear variation. A relationship between capillary pressure and saturation in the small pore region and in the large pore region are established, which deviate from the assumptions made in the existing literature. This result provides important guidance for constructing the continuous-scale ripening model that can be used to predict the evolution process of CO2 during geological storage and provide guidance for studying the influence mechanism of heterogeneity during long-term CO2 storage.
KIRGIZ TÜRKÇESİ ATASÖZLERİNDE ERKEK İMGESİ
Authors: ŞEN Songül
Published: June 2023

Atasözleri, müşterek bir anlaşma ve iletişim kurma sistemi olan dilin tarihçesi kadar eskilere dayanmakta ve sözlü gelenek içinde doğup gelişmektedir. Yazılı gelenekte ise en eski metinlerden olan Orhun Abideleri’nde, Türk atasözlerinin ilk örneklerine rastlanılmaktadır. Bu örneklerden bazılarının birtakım değişikliklerle de olsa Türk dilinin lehçelerinden biri olan Kırgız Türkçesinde hâlâ yaşıyor olması söz konusu lehçenin önemini göstermektedir. Ortak kültür mirasımızı, değer yargılarımızı bugünlere taşıyabilmiş olan Kırgız atasözlerinin incelenmesi de bu denli önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Kırgız atasözlerine yansıyan erkek imgesi ele alınmış ve Kırgız erkeğinin toplumsal temsilinin temaları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Tarama yöntemiyle erkek ile ilgili (eril/masculine) ve erkeği işaret eden kelimelerin geçtiği 545 atasözü 5 gruba ayrılarak incelenmiştir. Bu gruplama ile Kırgız toplumunda erkeğin Kırgız atasözlerindeki yerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.
TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİNDE TESPİH KULLANIMINA DAİR İFADELER: KARS İLİ AĞIZLARI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÇİTGEZ Muhammed
Published: June 2023

Tespih, gündelik yaşamımızda dinî ve sosyal bir araç olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İlk başta Allah’ı zikretmek amacıyla kullandığımız tespihler, son dönemlerde sosyal bir aksesuar formuna dönüşerek Türk kültüründeki yerini almıştır. Tespihin avcılıkta uğur getirme, savaşta güç kazandırma, hastalıklarda iyileştiricilik, nazar, büyü, gibi etmenlerden koruma gibi görevler üstlendiğini ve Bizans, Roma, Urartu gibi birçok uygarlıkta kullanıldığını görmekteyiz. Sosyal yaşantımızda izlerini gördüğümüz tespihe dil ve edebiyatımızda da rastlamak mümkündür. Türkiye Türkçesinde tespih kullanımına dair “tespih çek-” ve “tespih salla-” olmak üzere iki temel ifade mevcuttur. Bununla birlikte Türkiye Türkçesinde tespih, yapımından kullanımına kadar kendine ait bir kavram alanı oluşturmuş bir sözcüktür. Türkçenin zengin söz varlığı karşısında bu iki temel ifade, Kars’ta farklı şekillerde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bunlara ek olarak, farklı zamanlarda farklı kişilerden derlediğimiz tespihin farklı kullanımlarına dil açısından yaklaşmaya çalışıp anlamlandırma denemeleri yapmaya ve bu anlamlandırma denemelerine ek olarak, derlenen ifadelerdeki söyleyiş özelliklerine dayalı ses ve şekil bilgisi farklılıklarını da göstermeye çalışacağız.
GOGOL’ÜN “PALTO” VE ORHAN KEMAL’İN “KİRLİ PARDÖSÜ” ADLI ESERLERİNİN KONULARI VE BAŞKİŞİLERİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: ATİK Şerefnur
Published: June 2023

Türk edebiyatının eleştirel / toplumcu gerçekçi yazarları Rus edebiyatındaki öncüllerini okumuş olmalıdırlar düşüncesinden hareketle yazılan bu yazıda Nıkolaı Vasilyeviç Gogol’ün “Palto” ve Orhan Kemal’in “Kirli Pardösü” adlı eserlerinin temaları ve başkişileri üzerinden gidilen karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma yapılacaktır. Nikolaı Vasilyeviç Gogol Rus edebiyatının ve Orhan Kemal de Türk edebiyatının öncü eleştirel gerçekçi yazarları arasında yer alır. Gogol “Palto” adlı eserinde genel anlamda 19. yüzyıl Rusya’sındaki en düşük rütbeli bir memurun durumunu ve Orhan Kemal de “Kirli Pardösü” adlı eserinde 20. yüzyılın ilk yarısının başlarında, Türkiye’deki düşük dereceli bir memurun durumunu yansıtmıştır. Her iki eserde de yazarların hayatlarından gelen öz yaşam öyküsel yansımaların bulunduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma ile biri novella türünde yazılan “Palto” ve diğeri hikâye türünde yazılan “Kirli Pardösü” adlı eserlerde var olduğu tespit edilen ortak yönler anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Her ikisi de küçük memurun / küçük insanın geçim sıkıntısını yansıtmak için yazılmış olan eserlerden öncül ile ardıl eser arasında bulunan ortak ve farklı yönlerin tespit edilmesi bu çalışmanın temel
meselesi olarak belirlenmiştir.
WEB 2.0 ARAÇLARIYLA DİJİTAL HİKÂYE OLARAK TASARLANAN ÂŞIK PAŞA’NIN KADİM ESERİ: GARİBNÂME
Authors: KARAKUŞ Neslihan , ÖKTEN Celile Eren , BAYRAKTAR ÖZGÜR Necla , EROĞLU Münevver , KARACAOĞLU Mehmet Önder
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışma, Türk kültürünün kadim eserlerinden olan Garibnâme’nin web 2.0 araçlarıyla hazırlanan dijital hikâye şeklinin eğitime katkısını öğrencilerin görüşleri çerçevesinde tespit etmeyi hedeflemektedir. Garibnâme’deki öğrencilerin yaş ve gelişimine uygun sekiz öykü Türkçe öğretmenleri ve alan uzmanları tarafından dijital hikâye hâline getirilmiştir. Hikâyelerin sonuna beceri temelli Türkçe soruları eklenmiştir. Hazırlanan dijital hikâyeİstanbul’da bulunan resmî bir devlet ortaokulunda öğrenim gören 6. ve 7. sınıf seviyesindeki 58 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Uygulama sonucunda öğrenci görüşleri araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen anket aracılığıyla Google Surveys üzerinden toplanmıştır. Araştırma verileri içerik analiziyle yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda dijital Garibnâme’nin öğrencilere eğitim, hayata bakış açısı, dinî değer eğitimi, karakter gelişimi, arkadaş seçimi ve kültürel gelişim noktasında katkı sunduğu belirlenmiştir.
An Economic Analysis of Soybean Production in Rajnandgaon District of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Patel Mamta , Pandey Sneha , Wasnik Sumit B. , Parte Jwala
Published: June 2023

The Present study is to examine An Economic Analysis of soybean Production in Rajnandgaon district of Chhattisgarh, India. The study was undertaken by taking 80 sample farmers during the year 2020-21. To collect information from the sample area, an interview schedule and survey approach were utilized.  The objective was achieved by using cost concepts and income measures. The cost of cultivation of soybean was observed highest in case of large farm and lowest in case of marginal farms. The overall cost of production was Rs. 1785.71 per quintal. Gross return from soybean was found to be Rs. 68670.84 per hectare. The net return of overall farmers was observed Rs. 32135.15. The Input-output ratio was highest in case of large farmer 1:2.16 and lowest in case of marginal farmer 1:1.98.  None of the soybean farmer was applying potash fertilizer to soybean crops, but it plays an important role in nodule formation. Therefore it is required that farmers should apply potash fertilizer to the soybean crop.
A Reflective Revisit of The Standard Model of Indigenous Learning (SMIL): Turning a Theoretical Model Into Application
Authors:   Stockbridge-Munsee Community, Barton Sandra D.
Published: June 2023

Academic support is a necessity for Indigenous and non-Indigenous learners, whether that be curriculum, theory, instructional design models, or resources. Western educational systems, by keeping European-American curriculum and pedagogies while disregarding Indigenous methodologies, have tragically failed Indigenous learners. Published in 2013, the Standard Model of Indigenous Learning (SMIL) was introduced as a theoretical framework to support Indigenous learners, teachers, curriculum developers, instructional designers, and researchers. This paper revisits the SMIL and meticulously examines it by reflective practice, practical experiences, evidence-based research, and applications of the model. Based on pre-contract learning and Indigenous values, the model has five threads: place, storytelling, intergenerational interaction, experience, and interconnectedness. As the only Indigenous instructional design model, the SMIL provides a robust framework for housing content and is applicable to any subject area and grade level in the academic arena across various platforms of delivery. Indigenous ways of knowing, worldviews, and methodologies such as the SMIL are needed in the Western educational systems. If systemic barriers such as academic resistance to culturally responsive teaching and assessments, white comfort, educational variation, and power are not addressed, Indigenous learners will continue to face inherent academic hurdles.
Implementing Shared Decision-making for Patients With Aortic Stenosis With Longer Life Expectancy
Authors: Coylewright Megan
Published: June 2023

This Viewpoint describes how shared decision-making should be used in patients with aortic stenosis who have a longer life expectancy.
High-risk Prognostic Tumor Features of Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Organ Transplant Recipients Compared With the General Population
Authors: Pandeya Nirmala , Isbel Nicole , Campbell Scott , Chambers Daniel C. , Hopkins Peter , Soyer H. Peter , Jiyad Zainab , Plasmeijer Elsemieke I. , Whiteman David C. , Olsen Catherine M. , Green Adele C.
Published: June 2023

Importance

The extent to which major high-risk features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in organ transplant recipients (OTRs) differ from SCCs in the general population is not known.

Objective

To quantify the relative frequency of perineural invasion, invasion below the dermis, lack of cellular differentiation, and tumor diameter greater than 20 mm in SCCs in OTRs and the general population, by anatomic site.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This dual-cohort study in Queensland, Australia, included a cohort of OTRs at high risk of skin cancer ascertained from 2012 to 2015 (Skin Tumours in Allograft Recipients [STAR] study) and a population-based cohort ascertained from 2011 (QSkin Sun and Health Study). The STAR study comprised population-based lung transplant recipients and kidney and liver transplant recipients at high risk of skin cancer recruited from tertiary centers and diagnosed with histopathologically confirmed SCC from 2012 to 2015. The QSkin participants were recruited from Queensland’s general adult population, and primary SCCs diagnosed from 2012 to 2015 were ascertained through Medicare (national health insurance scheme) and linked with histopathology records. Data analysis was performed from July 2022 to April 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Prevalence ratio (PR) of head/neck location, perineural invasion, tumor invasion to/beyond subcutaneous fat, poor cellular differentiation, and tumor diameter greater than 20 mm among SCCs in OTRs vs the general population.

Results

There were 741 SCCs excised from 191 OTRs (median [IQR] age, 62.7 [56.7-67.1] years; 149 [78.0%] male) and 2558 SCCs from 1507 persons in the general population (median [IQR] age, 63.7 [58.0-68.8] years; 955 [63.4%] male). The SCCs developed most frequently on the head/neck in OTRs (285, 38.6%), but on arms/hands in the general population (896, 35.2%) (P < .001). After adjusting for age and sex, perineural invasion was more than twice as common in OTRs as in population cases (PR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.70-3.30), as was invasion to/beyond subcutaneous fat (PR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.78-3.14). Poorly vs well-differentiated SCCs were more than 3-fold more common in OTRs (PR, 3.45; 95% CI, 2.53-4.71), and prevalence of tumors greater than 20 mm vs 20 mm or smaller was moderately higher in OTRs (PR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.08-2.12).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this dual-cohort study, SCCs in OTRs had significantly worse prognostic features than SCCs in the general population, reinforcing the necessity of early diagnosis and definitive management of SCCs in OTRs.
Prevalence of Disability and Use of Accommodation Among US Allopathic Medical School Students Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pereira-Lima Karina , Plegue Melissa A. , Case Ben , Swenor Bonnielin K. , Herzer Kurt , Betchkal Rylee , Meeks Lisa M.
Published: June 2023

This survey study assesses self-disclosures of disability, disability types, and accommodation needs reported by US allopathic medical schools in 2021 vs 2015 and 2019.
Clinical Promise of Brain-Phenotype Modeling
Authors: Greene Abigail S. , Constable R. Todd
Published: June 2023

Importance

Assessing the link between whole-brain activity and individual differences in cognition and behavior has the potential to offer insights into psychiatric disorder etiology and change the practice of psychiatry, from diagnostic clarification to intervention. To this end, recent application of predictive modeling to link brain activity to phenotype has generated significant excitement, but clinical applications have largely not been realized. This Review explores explanations for the as yet limited practical utility of brain-phenotype modeling and proposes a path forward to fulfill this clinical potential.

Observations

Clinical applications of brain-phenotype models are proposed and will require coordinated collaboration across the relatively siloed fields of psychometrics and computational neuroscience. Such interdisciplinary work will maximize the reliability and validity of modeled phenotypic measures, ensuring that resulting brain-based models are interpretable and useful. The models, in turn, may shed additional light on the neurobiological systems into which each phenotypic measure taps, permitting further phenotype refinement.

Conclusions and Relevance

Together, these observations reflect an opportunity: bridging the divide between phenotypic measure development and validation and measure end use for brain-phenotype modeling holds the promise that each may inform the other, yielding more precise and useful brain-phenotype models. Such models can in turn be used to reveal the macroscale neural bases of a given phenotype, advancing basic neuroscientific understanding and identifying circuits that can be targeted (eg, via closed-loop neurofeedback or brain stimulation) to slow, reverse, or even prevent functional impairment.
Transcriptome-Wide Structural Equation Modeling of 13 Major Psychiatric Disorders for Cross-Disorder Risk and Drug Repurposing
Authors: Grotzinger Andrew D. , Singh Kritika , Miller-Fleming Tyne W. , Lam Max , Mallard Travis T. , Chen Yu , Liu Zhaowen , Ge Tian , Smoller Jordan W.
Published: June 2023

Importance

Psychiatric disorders display high levels of comorbidity and genetic overlap, necessitating multivariate approaches for parsing convergent and divergent psychiatric risk pathways. Identifying gene expression patterns underlying cross-disorder risk also stands to propel drug discovery and repurposing in the face of rising levels of polypharmacy.

Objective

To identify gene expression patterns underlying genetic convergence and divergence across psychiatric disorders along with existing pharmacological interventions that target these genes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This genomic study applied a multivariate transcriptomic method, transcriptome-wide structural equation modeling (T-SEM), to investigate gene expression patterns associated with 5 genomic factors indexing shared risk across 13 major psychiatric disorders. Follow-up tests, including overlap with gene sets for other outcomes and phenome-wide association studies, were conducted to better characterize T-SEM results. The Broad Institute Connectivity Map Drug Repurposing Database and Drug-Gene Interaction Database public databases of drug-gene pairs were used to identify drugs that could be repurposed to target genes found to be associated with cross-disorder risk. Data were collected from database inception up to February 20, 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Gene expression patterns associated with genomic factors or disorder-specific risk and existing drugs that target these genes.

Results

In total, T-SEM identified 466 genes whose expression was significantly associated (z ≥ 5.02) with genomic factors and 36 genes with disorder-specific effects. Most associated genes were found for a thought disorders factor, defined by bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Several existing pharmacological interventions were identified that could be repurposed to target genes whose expression was associated with the thought disorders factor or a transdiagnostic p factor defined by all 13 disorders.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings from this study shed light on patterns of gene expression associated with genetic overlap and uniqueness across psychiatric disorders. Future versions of the multivariate drug repurposing framework outlined here have the potential to identify novel pharmacological interventions for increasingly common, comorbid psychiatric presentations.
Cross‐talk between CFTR and sphingolipids in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Dobi Dorina , Loberto Nicoletta , Bassi Rosaria , Pistocchi Anna , Lunghi Giulia , Tamanini Anna , Aureli Massimo
Published: June 2023

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common inherited, life‐limiting disorder in Caucasian populations. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which lead to an impairment of protein expression and/or function. CFTR is a chloride/bicarbonate channel expressed at the apical surface of epithelial cells of different organs. Nowadays, more than 2100 CFTR genetic variants have been described, but not all of them cause CF. However, around 80–85% of the patients worldwide are characterized by the presence, at least in one allele, of the mutation F508del. CFTR mutations cause aberrant hydration and secretion of mucus in hollow organs. In the lungs, this condition favors bacterial colonization, allowing the development of chronic infections that lead to the onset of the CF lung disease, which is the main cause of death in patients. In recent years, evidence has reported that CFTR loss of function is responsible for alterations in a particular class of bioactive lipids, called sphingolipids (SL). SL are ubiquitously present in eukaryotic cells and are mainly asymmetrically located within the external leaflet of the plasma membrane, where they organize specific platforms capable of segregating a selected number of proteins. CFTR is associated with these platforms that are fundamental for its functioning. Considering the importance of SL in CFTR homeostasis, we attempt here to provide a critical overview of the literature to determine the role of these lipids in channel stability and activity, and whether their modulation in CF could be a target for new therapeutic approaches.
The work of bearing witness to the dual pandemics of COVID‐19 and white rage
Authors: Sessoms Amber M.
Published: June 2023

This article explores the impact of the dual pandemics of COVID‐19 and White rage on critical consciousness‐raising. It argues for a reimagining of our democracy as a practice for collective liberation. This article then outlines a framework for social justice that moves beyond liberalism to self‐interrogation, centering historically minoritized voices, and accountability.
Impact of Fluorine‐Based Lithium Salts on SEI for All‐Solid‐State PEO‐Based Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Jiajia , Hu Haiman , Fang Wenhao , Ding Junwei , Yuan Du , Luo Shuangjiang , Zhang Haitao , Ji Xiaoyan
Published: June 2023

LiF‐rich solid‐electrolyte‐interphase (SEI) can suppress the formation of lithium dendrites and promote the reversible operation of lithium metal batteries. Regulating the composition of naturally formed SEI is an effective strategy, while understanding the impact and role of fluorine (F)‐based Li‐salts on the SEI characteristics is unavailable. Herein, LiFSI, LiTFSI, and LiPFSI are selected to prepare solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with poly(ethylene oxide) and polyimide, investigating the effects of molecular size, F contents and chemical structures (F‐connecting bonds) of Li‐salts and revealing the formation of LiF in the SEI. It is shown that the F‐connecting bond is more significant than the molecular size and F element contents, and thus the performances of cells using LiPFSI are slightly better than LiTFSI and much better than LiFSI. The SPE containing LiPFSI can generate a high amount of LiF, and SPEs containing LiPFSI and LiTFSI can generate Li3N, while there is no Li3N production in the SEI for the SPE containing LiFSI. The preferential breakage bonds in LiPFSI are related to its position to Li anode, where Li‐metal as the anode is important in forming LiF, and consequently the LiPFSI reduction mechanism is proposed. This study will boost other energy storage systems beyond Li‐ion chemistries.
Customizing 3D Structures of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes to Direct Neural Stem Cell Differentiation
Authors: Nascimento Luís , Fernandes Cristiana , Silva Ricardo. M. , Semitela Ângela , de Sousa Bárbara M. , Marques Paula A. A. P. , Vieira Sandra I. , Silva Rui. F. , Barroca Nathalie , Gonçalves Gil
Published: June 2023

Neural tissue‐related illnesses have a high incidence and prevalence in society. Despite intensive research efforts to enhance the regeneration of neural cells into functional tissue, effective treatments are still unavailable. Here, a novel therapeutic approach based on vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests (VA‐CNT forests) and periodic VA‐CNT micropillars produced by thermal chemical vapor deposition is explored. In addition, honeycomb‐like and flower‐like morphologies are created. Initial viability testing reveals that NE‐4C neural stem cells seeded on all morphologies survive and proliferate. In addition, free‐standing VA‐CNT forests and capillary‐driven VA‐CNT forests are created, with the latter demonstrating enhanced capacity to stimulate neuritogenesis and network formation under minimal differentiation medium conditions. This is attributed to the interaction between surface roughness and 3D‐like morphology that mimics the native extracellular matrix, thus enhancing cellular attachment and communication. These findings provide a new avenue for the construction of electroresponsive scaffolds based on CNTs for neural tissue engineering.
Coordination Chemistry as a Universal Strategy for a Controlled Perovskite Crystallization
Authors: Zuo Weiwei , Byranvand Mahdi Malekshahi , Kodalle Tim , Zohdi Mohammadreza , Lim Jaekeun , Carlsen Brian , Magorian Friedlmeier Theresa , Kot Małgorzata , Das Chittaranjan , Flege Jan Ingo , Zong Wansheng , Abate Antonio , Sutter‐Fella Carolin M. , Li Meng , Saliba Michael
Published: June 2023

The most efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are made from a complex mixture of precursors. Typically, to then form a thin film, an extreme oversaturation of the perovskite precursor is initiated to trigger nucleation sites, e.g., by vacuum, an airstream, or a so‐called antisolvent. Unfortunately, most oversaturation triggers do not expel the lingering (and highly coordinating) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which is used as a precursor solvent, from the thin films; this detrimentally affects long‐term stability. In this work, (the green) dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is introduced as a novel nucleation trigger for perovskite films combining, uniquely, high coordination and high vapor pressure. This gives DMS a universal scope: DMS replaces other solvents by coordinating more strongly and removes itself once the film formation is finished. To demonstrate this novel coordination chemistry approach, MAPbI3 PSCs are processed, typically dissolved in hard‐to‐remove (and green) DMSO achieving 21.6% efficiency, among the highest reported efficiencies for this system. To confirm the universality of the strategy, DMS is tested for FAPbI3 as another composition, which shows higher efficiency of 23.5% compared to 20.9% for a device fabricated with chlorobenzene. This work provides a universal strategy to control perovskite crystallization using coordination chemistry, heralding the revival of perovskite compositions with pure DMSO.
Tailoring the Amphiphilic Structure of Zwitterionic AIE Photosensitizers to Boost Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Zhang Tianfu , Yang Xing , Ou Xinwen , Lee Michelle M. S. , Zhang Jianyu , Xu Changhuo , Yu Xinghua , Gong Ping , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Zhang Pengfei , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: June 2023

Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) for thorough cancer treatment is hindered by the limited generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with short lifetime from photosensitizers, PDT‐induced antitumor immune response remedies the defects. Previous studies show that inducing immunogenic cell deaths is an attractive approach to activate antitumor immunity, which confers a robust adjuvanticity to dying cancer cells. In this work, amphiphilic luminogens with aggregation‐induced emission characteristics (AIEgens) are rationally designed and synthesized. By modulating the hydrophobic π‐bridge and zwitterionic functional groups, these AIEgens exhibit tunable organelle specificity to lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane and enhance ROS generation ability. Notably, the membrane‐targeting AIEgen namely TPS‐2 induces cell death and membrane rupture via PDT to facilitate the release of antigens and activation of immune cells. Furthermore, the size‐controlled TPS‐2 nanoaggregates are found to serve as an adjuvant, promoting antigen accumulation and delivery to sufficiently boost the in vivo antitumor immunity by only one dose injection in a prophylactic tumor vaccination model. This work thus provides new insights into optimizing AIE photosensitizers via a hydrophobicity–hydrophilicity balance strategy for evoking an antitumor immunity and directly suppressing the distanced tumor. A single small‐molecular system for PDT‐stimulated antitumor immunity is envisioned.
Lecithin Reverse Micelle System is Promising in Constructing Carrier Particles for Protein Drugs Encapsulated Pressurized Metered‐Dose Inhalers
Authors: Chang Ziyao , Wang Wenhao , Huang Zhengwei , Huang Ying , Wu Chuanbin , Pan Xin
Published: June 2023

Protein drugs contained within pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) show immense potential for fundamental research and industrial applications, owing to their high bioavailability, convenient administration, and cost‐effectiveness. To deliver protein drugs efficiently, researchers have reached a consensus on the use of carrier particles. However, the main obstacle impeding the commercial availability of pMDI carrier particles is their low stability. This instability is primarily attributed to particle aggregation caused by the Ostwald ripening phenomenon and chemical degradation by water sensitivity of protein drugs. This study proposes the utilization of lecithin, a carrier material possessing an amphiphilic structure, to overcome this bottleneck. By constructing lecithin‐based reverse micelle systems with protein drugs encapsulated within the high‐polarity microdomain, this work anticipates an improvement in the stability of carrier particles within pMDIs. Specifically, the formation of crystalline phases in the reverse micelle systems can control carrier particle size through crystalline self‐limiting effect, preventing particle aggregation. Additionally, the low‐polarity microdomain of the carrier serves as a hydrophobic barrier, shielding protein drugs from water and preventing chemical degradation. Consequently, this work believes that the lecithin‐based reverse micelle system holds significant potential in providing new theoretical insights and experimental support for the advancement of pMDIs containing protein drugs.
Solar Thermoelectricity for Power Generation
Authors: Ayachi Sahar , He Xin , Yoon Hyo Jae
Published: June 2023

Thermoelectric materials convert waste heat into electricity, making sustainable power generation possible when a temperature gradient is applied. Solar radiation is one potential abundant and eco‐friendly heat source for this application, where one side of the thermoelectric device is heated by incident sunlight, while the other side is kept at a cooler temperature. This is known as solar thermoelectric generation. Various thermoelectric materials are used for different solar thermoelectric applications, and different methods are explored to enhance the temperature gradient across the material. Solar optical concentrators, thermal and selective absorbers, and other tools are proposed to improve the performance of solar thermoelectrics. Despite continuous research and development, experimental solar thermoelectric efficiencies remain below 10%, and theoretical efficiencies do not surpass 20%. In this review, the different designs of solar thermoelectric generators are examined within the context of thermoelectric elements, optical concentrators, solar absorbers, and other techniques to enhance their performance. Last, an overview of the current state of solar thermoelectrics is provided, areas for improvement are suggested, and the future of these devices is predicted.