bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing eastern North American forest moth pests by wing-scale ultrastructure: potential applications in paleoecology
Authors: Milbury Kristen J. , Cwynar Les C. , Edwards Sara
Published: September 2019

The use of fossil moth wing scales has recently been introduced as a new method to reconstruct population histories of lepidopterans and provide a proxy for insect disturbance. We investigated the potential for using wing-scale ultrastructure to distinguish between the five most common outbreak species of moth pests in eastern North America: spruce budworm ( Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens), hemlock looper ( Lambdina fiscellaria Guenée), forest tent caterpillar ( Malacosoma disstria Hübner), blackheaded budworm ( Acleris variana Fernie), and jack pine budworm ( Choristoneura pinus Freeman). Using scanning electron images of scales, we made qualitative and quantitative comparisons of morphological traits at the ultrastructural level. We found that hemlock looper and eastern blackheaded budworm scales could be categorically separated from each other and from the three other species. We developed a quadratic discriminant function using measurements of ultrastructure traits that distinguishes scales of the three remaining species with an overall accuracy of 66%. We found that forest tent caterpillar could be well separated based on these traits, but we were less confident in distinguishing the closely related jack pine and spruce budworm. Our method offers potential advantages in scale identification for future studies in paleoecology, while providing the additional advantage of not requiring intact, unfolded, and undamaged scales.
Genetic analyses uncover pleiotropic compensatory roles for Drosophila Nucleobindin-1 in inositol trisphosphate-mediated intracellular calcium homeostasis
Authors: Balasubramanian Vidhya , Srinivasan Bharath
Published: September 2019

Nucleobindin-1 is an EF-hand calcium-binding protein with a distinctive profile, predominantly localized to the Golgi in insect and wide-ranging vertebrate cell types, alike. Its putative involvements in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis have never been phenotypically characterized in any model organism. We have analyzed an adult-viable mutant that completely disrupts the G protein α-subunit binding and activating (GBA) motif of Drosophila Nucleobindin-1 (dmNUCB1). Such disruption does not manifest any obvious fitness-related, morphological/developmental, or behavioral abnormalities. A single copy of this mutation or the knockdown of dmnucb1 in restricted sets of cells variously rescues pleiotropic mutant phenotypes arising from impaired inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) activity (in turn depleting cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels across diverse tissue types). Additionally, altered dmNUCB1 expression or function considerably reverses lifespan and mobility improvements effected by IP3R mutants, in a Drosophila model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Homology modeling-based analyses further predict a high degree of conformational conservation in Drosophila, of biochemically validated structural determinants in the GBA motif that specify in vertebrates, the unconventional Ca2+-regulated interaction of NUCB1 with Gαi subunits. The broad implications of our findings are hypothetically discussed, regarding potential roles for NUCB1 in GBA-mediated, Golgi-associated Ca2+ signaling, in health and disease.
Strong coupling constants and radiative decays of the heavy tensor mesons
Authors: Yu Guo-Liang , Wang Zhi-Gang , Li Zhen-Yu
Published: September 2019

In this article, we analyze tensor-vector-pseudoscalar(TVP) type of vertices$$D_{2}^{*+}D^{+}\rho $$D2∗+D+ρ,$$D_{2}^{*0}D^{0}\rho $$D2∗0D0ρ,$$D_{2}^{*+}D^{+}\omega $$D2∗+D+ω,$$D_{2}^{*0}D^{0}\omega $$D2∗0D0ω,$$B_{2}^{*+}B^{+}\rho $$B2∗+B+ρ,$$B_{2}^{*0}B^{0}\rho $$B2∗0B0ρ,$$B_{2}^{*+}B^{+}\omega $$B2∗+B+ω,$$B_{2}^{*0}B^{0}\omega $$B2∗0B0ω,$$B_{s2}^{*}B_{s}\phi $$Bs2∗Bsϕand$$D_{s2}^{*}D_{s}\phi $$Ds2∗Dsϕin the frame work of three point QCD sum rules(QCDSR). According to these analysis, we calculate their strong form factors which are used to fit into analytical functions of$$Q^{2}$$Q2. Then, we obtain the strong coupling constants by extrapolating these strong form factors into deep time-like regions. As an application of this work, the coupling constants for radiative decays of these heavy tensor mesons are also calculated at the point of$$Q^{2}=0$$Q2=0. With these coupling constants, we finally obtain the radiative decay widths of these tensor mesons.
Constructing Click Model for Mobile Search with Viewport Time
Authors: Zheng Yukun , Mao Jiaxin , Liu Yiqun , Luo Cheng , Zhang Min , Ma Shaoping
Published: September 2019

A series of click models has been proposed to extract accurate and unbiased relevance feedback from valuable yet noisy click-through data in search logs. Previous works have shown that users search behavior in mobile and desktop scenarios are rather different in many aspects, therefore, the click models designed for desktop search may not be effective in the mobile context. To address this problem, we propose two novel click models for mobile search: (1) Mobile Click Model (MCM), which models click necessity bias and examination satisfaction bias; (2) Viewport Time Click Model (VTCM), which further extends MCM by utilizing the viewport time. Extensive experiments on large-scale real mobile search logs show that: (1) MCM and VTCM outperform existing models in predicting users’ clicks and estimating result relevance; (2) MCM and VTCM can extract richer information, such as the click necessity of search results and the probability of user satisfaction, from mobile click logs; (3) By modeling the viewport time distributions of heterogeneous results, VTCM can bring a significant improvement over MCM in click prediction and relevance estimation tasks. Our proposed click models can help better understand user behavior patterns in mobile search and improve the ranking performance of mobile search engines.
Effects of combined treatment with blood flow restriction and low-current electrical stimulation on muscle hypertrophy in rats
Authors: Yoshikawa Madoka , Morifuji Takeshi , Matsumoto Tomohiro , Maeshige Noriaki , Tanaka Minoru , Fujino Hidemi
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to clarify the effects of a combined treatment comprising blood flow restriction and low-current electrical stimulation on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into control (Cont), blood flow restriction (Bfr), electrical stimulation (Es), or Bfr with Es (Bfr + Es) groups. Pressure cuffs (80 mmHg) were placed around the thighs of Bfr and Bfr + Es rats. Low-current Es was applied to calf muscles in the Es and Bfr + Es rats. In experiment 1, a 1-day treatment regimen (5-min stimulation, followed by 5-min rest) was delivered four times to study the acute effects. In experiment 2, the same treatment regimen was delivered three times/wk for 8 wk. Body weight, muscle mass, changes in maximal isometric contraction, fiber cross-sectional area of the soleus muscle, expression of phosphorylated and total-ERK1/2, phosphorylated-rpS6 Ser235/236, phosphorylated and total Akt, and phosphorylated-rpS6 Ser240/244 were measured. Bfr and Es treatment alone failed to induce muscle hypertrophy and increase the expression of phosphorylated rpS6 Ser240/244. Combined Bfr + Es upregulated muscle mass, increased the fiber cross-sectional area, and increased phosphorylated rpS6 Ser240/244 expression and phosphorylated rpS6 Ser235/236 expression compared with controls. Combined treatment with Bfr and low-current Es can induce muscle hypertrophy via activation of two protein synthesis signaling pathways. This treatment should be introduced for older patients with sarcopenia and others with muscle weakness.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated the acute and chronic effect of low-current electrical stimulation with blood flow restriction on skeletal muscle hypertrophy and the mechanisms controlling the hypertrophic response. Low-current electrical stimulation could not induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy, but a combination treatment did. Blood lactate and growth hormone levels were increased in the early response. Moreover, activation of ERK1/2 and mTOR pathways were observed in both the acute and chronic response, which contribute to muscle hypertrophy.
Shear wave velocity is sensitive to changes in muscle stiffness that occur independently from changes in force
Authors: Bernabei Michel , Lee Sabrina S. M. , Perreault Eric J. , Sandercock Thomas G.
Published: September 2019

Clinical assessments for many musculoskeletal disorders involve evaluation of muscle stiffness, although it is not yet possible to obtain quantitative estimates from individual muscles. Ultrasound elastography can be used to estimate the material properties of unstressed, homogeneous, and isotropic materials by tracking the speed of shear wave propagation; these waves propagate faster in stiffer materials. Although elastography has been applied to skeletal muscle, there is little evidence that shear wave velocity (SWV) can directly estimate muscle stiffness since this tissue violates many of the assumptions required for there to be a direct relationship between SWV and stiffness. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between SWV and direct measurements of muscle force and stiffness in contracting muscle. Data were collected from six isoflurane-anesthetized cats. We measured the short-range stiffness in the soleus via direct mechanical testing in situ and SWV via ultrasound imaging. Measurements were taken during supramaximal activation at optimum muscle length, with muscle temperature varying between 26°C and 38°C. An increase in temperature causes a decrease in muscle stiffness at a given force, thus decoupling the tension-stiffness relationship normally present in muscle. We found that increasing muscle temperature decreased active stiffness from 4.0 ± 0.3 MPa to 3.3 ± 0.3 MPa and SWV from 16.9 ± 1.5 m/s to 15.9 ± 1.6 m/s while force remained unchanged (mean ± SD). These results demonstrate that SWV is sensitive to changes in muscle stiffness during active contractions. Future work is needed to determine how this relationship is influenced by changes in muscle structure and tension.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Shear wave ultrasound elastography is a noninvasive tool for characterizing the material properties of muscle. This study is the first to compare direct measurements of stiffness with ultrasound measurements of shear wave velocity (SWV) in a contracting muscle. We found that SWV is sensitive to changes in muscle stiffness, even when controlling for muscle tension, another factor that influences SWV. These results are an important step toward developing noninvasive tools for characterizing muscle structure and function.
Study on the Attenuation Characteristics of Seismic Wave Energy Induced by Underwater Drilling and Blasting
Authors: Peng Yaxiong , Su Ying , Wu Li , Chen Chunhui
Published: September 2019

Seismic wave induced by underwater drilling and blasting may exert adverse effects to the surrounding structures. Peak particle velocity (PPV) has been widely used to reflect the intensity of seismic wave, while the method fails to take other influential parameters into consideration. Synthesizing PPV and duration, seismic wave energy (SWE) is employed to quantify the intensity, and the method of time‐frequency analysis is adopted to study the characteristics of vibration frequency. Besides, this paper deduces the prediction formula for SWE via dimension analysis. Based on the practical engineering, the attenuation characteristics of SWE induced by underwater drilling and blasting is analysed by the wavelet transform and adaptive optimal kernel (AOK) time‐frequency analysis method. Results show that the dominant frequencies at the directions of horizontal tangential, horizontal radial, and vertical are different and the energies in high‐frequency bands are extremely low. Moreover, the lower the frequency is, the slower the attenuation of SWE is. Comparing with other prediction formulas of PPV, fitting the SWE with the help of the prediction formula in this study would achieve more accurate prediction results.
A Transcriptionally Definable Subgroup of Triple-Negative Breast and Ovarian Cancer Samples Shows Sensitivity to HSP90 Inhibition
Authors: Shee Kevin , Wells Jason D. , Ung Matthew , Hampsch Riley A. , Traphagen Nicole A. , Yang Wei , Liu Stephanie C. , Zeldenrust Megan A. , Wang Liewei , Kalari Krishna R. , Yu Jia , Boughey Judy C. , Demidenko Eugene , Kettenbach Arminja N. , Cheng Chao , Goetz Matthew P. , Miller Todd W.
Published: September 2019

Purpose:

We hypothesized that integrated analysis of cancer types from different lineages would reveal novel molecularly defined subgroups with unique therapeutic vulnerabilities. On the basis of the molecular similarities between subgroups of breast and ovarian cancers, we analyzed these cancers as a single cohort to test our hypothesis.

Experimental Design:

Identification of transcriptional subgroups of cancers and drug sensitivity analyses were performed using mined data. Cell line sensitivity to Hsp90 inhibitors (Hsp90i) was tested in vitro. The ability of a transcriptional signature to predict Hsp90i sensitivity was validated using cell lines, and cell line- and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Mechanisms of Hsp90i sensitivity were uncovered using immunoblot and RNAi.

Results:

Transcriptomic analyses of breast and ovarian cancer cell lines uncovered two mixed subgroups comprised primarily of triple-negative breast and multiple ovarian cancer subtypes. Drug sensitivity analyses revealed that cells of one mixed subgroup are significantly more sensitive to Hsp90i compared with cells from all other cancer lineages evaluated. A gene expression classifier was generated that predicted Hsp90i sensitivity in vitro, and in cell line- and PDXs. Cells from the Hsp90i-sensitive subgroup underwent apoptosis mediated by Hsp90i-induced upregulation of the proapoptotic proteins Bim and PUMA.

Conclusions:

Our findings identify Hsp90i as a potential therapeutic strategy for a transcriptionally defined subgroup of ovarian and breast cancers. This study demonstrates that gene expression profiles may be useful to identify therapeutic vulnerabilities in tumor types with limited targetable genetic alterations, and to identify molecularly definable cancer subgroups that transcend lineage.
Alterations in the Transcriptional Programs of Myeloma Cells and the Microenvironment during Extramedullary Progression Affect Proliferation and Immune Evasion
Authors: Ryu Daeun , Kim Seok Jin , Hong Yourae , Jo Areum , Kim Nayoung , Kim Hee-Jin , Lee Hae-Ock , Kim Kihyun , Park Woong-Yang
Published: September 2019

Purpose:

In multiple myeloma, extramedullary progression is associated with treatment resistance and a high mortality rate. To understand the molecular mechanisms controlling the devastating progression of myeloma, we applied single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to myeloma in the bone marrow and myelomatous pleural effusions or ascites.

Experimental Design:

Bone marrow or extramedullary myeloma samples were collected from 15 patients and subjected to single-cell RNA-seq. The single-cell transcriptome data of malignant plasma cells and the surrounding immune microenvironment were analyzed.

Results:

Comparisons of single-cell transcriptomes revealed the systematic activation of proliferation, antigen presentation, proteasomes, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways in extramedullary myeloma cells. The myeloma cells expressed multiple combinations of growth factors and receptors, suggesting autonomous and pleiotropic growth potential at the single-cell level. Comparisons of the tumor microenvironment revealed the presence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells in both the bone marrow and extramedullary ascites, demonstrating a gene-expression phenotype indicative of functional compromise. In parallel, isolated myeloma cells persistently expressed class I MHC molecules and upregulated inhibitory molecules for cytotoxic T and NK cells.

Conclusions:

These data suggest that myeloma cells are equipped with specialized immune evasion mechanisms in cytotoxic microenvironments. Taken together, single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed transcriptional programs associated with aggressive myeloma progression that support autonomous cell proliferation and immune evasion.
Comprehensive Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Breast Cancer Patients Who May Be Spared Adjuvant Systemic Therapy
Authors: Sjöström Martin , Chang S. Laura , Fishbane Nick , Davicioni Elai , Hartman Linda , Holmberg Erik , Feng Felix Y. , Speers Corey W. , Pierce Lori J. , Malmström Per , Fernö Mårten , Karlsson Per
Published: September 2019

Purpose:

There is currently no molecular signature in clinical use for adjuvant endocrine therapy omission in breast cancer. Given the unique trial design of SweBCG91-RT, where adjuvant endocrine and chemotherapy were largely unadministered, we sought to evaluate the potential of transcriptomic profiling for identifying patients who may be spared adjuvant endocrine therapy.

Experimental Design:

We performed a whole-transcriptome analysis of SweBCG91-RT, a randomized phase III trial of ± radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery for node-negative stage I–IIA breast cancer. Ninety-two percent of patients were untreated by both adjuvant endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. We calculated 15 transcriptomic signatures from the literature and combined them into an average genomic risk, which was further used to derive a novel 141-gene signature (MET141). All signatures were then independently examined in SweBCG91-RT and in the publicly available METABRIC cohort.

Results:

In SweBCG91-RT, 454 patients were node-negative, postmenopausal, and systemically untreated with ER-positive, HER2-negative cancers, which constitutes a low-risk subgroup and potential candidates for therapy omission. Most transcriptomic signatures were highly prognostic for distant metastasis, but considerable discordance was observed on the individual patient level. Within the MET141 low-risk subgroup (lowest 25th percentile of scores), 95% of patients were free of metastasis at 15 years, even in the absence of adjuvant endocrine therapy. In a clinically low-risk subgroup of the METABRIC cohort not treated with systemic therapy, no breast cancer death occurred among the MET141 low-risk patients.

Conclusions:

Transcriptomic profiling identifies patients with an excellent outcome without any systemic adjuvant therapy in clinically low-risk patients of the SweBCG91-RT and METABRIC cohorts.
Winter food habits of the Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Viverridae) in Patna Bird Sanctuary, India
Authors: Khan Khursid Alam , Khan Jamal Ahmad , Ahmad Khursheed , Mohan Narendra
Published: September 2019

Food habits of the Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus were investigated using scat analysis method, a technique widely used to study small and medium sized mammals.  We analyzed 112 scats of Common Palm Civet between November 2012 and March 2013 from the Patna Bird Sanctuary and found a total of nine food items.  Out of 112 scats, 32.09% scats contained three food items, 29.62% scats had two items, 24.69% scats contained four prey items, and 3.7% scats had seven prey items.  The results show that the Common Palm Civet is more frugivorous (ca. 39.28%) than insectivores (ca. 29.46%).  Percent frequency of occurrence showed that insects contributed maximum in the diet of Civet (29.46±2.29) followed by fruits of Ficus religiosa (19.64±1.13), Prosopis juliflora (11.60±0.18), and Date Palm (Phoenix sylvestrix) (8.03±0.23), while birds contributed 9.82±0.02 and rodents 6.25±0.44.  Rufous-tailed Hare (Lepus nigricollis ruficaudatus) (1.78±0.96) contributed the minimum in the Common Palm Civet diet.  PBS is an Important Bird Area site and it harbours thousands of migratory birds during winter.  But the results show that birds are a less preferred diet item of the Common Palm Civet.
Copper Transporter ATP7A (Copper-Transporting P-Type ATPase/Menkes ATPase) Limits Vascular Inflammation and Aortic Aneurysm Development
Authors: Sudhahar Varadarajan , Das Archita , Horimatsu Tetsuo , Ash Dipankar , Leanhart Silvia , Antipova Olga , Vogt Stefan , Singla Bhupesh , Csanyi Gabor , White Joseph , Kaplan Jack H. , Fulton David , Weintraub Neal L. , Kim Ha Won , Ushio-Fukai Masuko , Fukai Tohru
Published: September 2019

Objective:

Copper (Cu) is essential micronutrient, and its dysregulation is implicated in aortic aneurysm (AA) development. The Cu exporter ATP7A (copper-transporting P-type ATPase/Menkes ATPase) delivers Cu via the Cu chaperone Atox1 (antioxidant 1) to secretory Cu enzymes, such as lysyl oxidase, and excludes excess Cu. Lysyl oxidase is shown to protect against AA formation. However, the role and mechanism of ATP7A in AA pathogenesis remain unknown.

Approach and Results:

Here, we show that Cu chelator markedly inhibited Ang II (angiotensin II)–induced abdominal AA (AAA) in which ATP7A expression was markedly downregulated. Transgenic ATP7A overexpression prevented Ang II–induced AAA formation. Conversely, Cu transport dysfunctional ATP7A
mut/+
/ApoE
−/−
mice exhibited robust AAA formation and dissection, excess aortic Cu accumulation as assessed by X-ray fluorescence microscopy, and reduced lysyl oxidase activity. In contrast, AAA formation was not observed in Atox1
−/−
/ApoE
−/−
mice, suggesting that decreased lysyl oxidase activity, which depends on both ATP7A and Atox1, was not sufficient to develop AAA. Bone marrow transplantation suggested importance of ATP7A in vascular cells, not bone marrow cells, in AAA development. MicroRNA (miR) array identified miR-125b as a highly upregulated miR in AAA from ATP7A
mut/+
/ApoE
−/−
mice. Furthermore, miR-125b target genes (histone methyltransferase Suv39h1 and the NF-κB negative regulator TNFAIP3 [tumor necrosis factor alpha induced protein 3]) were downregulated, which resulted in increased proinflammatory cytokine expression, aortic macrophage recruitment, MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-2/9 activity, elastin fragmentation, and vascular smooth muscle cell loss in ATP7A
mut/+
/ApoE
−/−
mice and reversed by locked nucleic acid-anti-miR-125b infusion.

Conclusions:

ATP7A downregulation/dysfunction promotes AAA formation via upregulating miR-125b, which augments proinflammatory signaling in a Cu-dependent manner. Thus, ATP7A is a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory vascular disease.
Angiographically Guided Complete Revascularization Versus Selective Stress Echocardiography–Guided Revascularization in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Multivessel Disease
Authors: Calviño-Santos Ramón , Estévez-Loureiro Rodrigo , Peteiro-Vázquez Jesús , Salgado-Fernández Jorge , Rodríguez-Vilela Alejandro , Franco-Gutiérrez Raúl , Bouzas-Mosquera Alberto , Rodríguez-Fernández José Ángel , Mesías-Prego Alejandro , González-Juanatey Carlos , Aldama-López Guillermo , Piñón-Esteban Pablo , Flores-Ríos Xacobe , Soler-Martín Rita , Seoane-Pillado Teresa , Vázquez-González Nicolás , Muñiz Javier , Vázquez-Rodríguez José Manuel
Published: September 2019

Background:

Recent trials suggest that complete revascularization in patients with acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease is associated with better outcomes than infarct-related artery (IRA)–only revascularization. There are different methods to select non-IRA lesions for revascularization procedures. We assessed the clinical outcomes of complete angiographically guided revascularization versus stress echocardiography–guided revascularization in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods:

We performed a randomized clinical trial in patients with multivessel disease who underwent a successful percutaneous coronary intervention of the IRA to test differences in prognosis (composite end point included cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal reinfarction, coronary revascularization, and readmission for heart failure after 12 months of follow-up) between complete angiographically guided revascularization (n=154) or stress echocardiography–guided revascularization (n=152) of the non-IRA lesions in an elective procedure before hospital discharge.

Results:

The trial was prematurely stopped after the inclusion of 77% of the planned study population. As many as 152 (99%) patients in the complete revascularization group and 44 (29%) patients in the selective revascularization group required a percutaneous coronary intervention procedure of a non-IRA lesion before discharge. The primary end point occurred in 21 (14%) patients of the stress echocardiography–guided revascularization group and 22 (14%) patients of the complete angiographically guided revascularization group (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.52–1.72;
P
=0.85).

Conclusions:

In patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease, stress echocardiography–guided revascularization may not be significantly different to complete angiographically guided revascularization, thereby reducing the need for elective revascularization before hospital discharge.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Unique identifier: NCT01179126.
Intensity of Lipid Lowering With Statin Therapy in Patients With Cerebrovascular Disease Versus Coronary Artery Disease: Insights from the PALM Registry
Authors: Xian Ying , Navar Ann Marie , Li Shuang , Li Zhuokai , Robinson Jennifer , Virani Salim S. , Louie Michael J. , Koren Andrew , Goldberg Anne , Roger Veronique L. , Wilson Peter W. F. , Peterson Eric D. , Wang Tracy Y.
Published: September 2019

Background

Current treatment guidelines strongly recommend statin therapy for secondary prevention. However, it remains unclear whether patients’ perceptions of cardiovascular risk, beliefs on cholesterol, or the intensity of prescribed statin therapy differs for patients with coronary artery disease (
CAD
) versus cerebrovascular disease (Ce
VD
) versus both
CAD
and Ce
VD
(
CAD
&Ce
VD
).

Methods and Results

The PALM (Patient and Provider Assessment of Lipid Management) registry collected data on statin use, intensity, and core laboratory low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels for 3232 secondary prevention patients treated at 133
US
clinics. Among individuals with Ce
VD
only (n=403),
CAD
only (n=2202), and Ce
VD
&
CAD
(n=627), no significant differences were observed in patient‐perceived cardiovascular disease risk, beliefs on cholesterol lowering, or perceived effectiveness and safety of statin therapy. However, patients with Ce
VD
only were less likely to receive any statin therapy (76.2% versus 86.2%; adjusted odds ratio 0.64, 95%
CI
0.45–0.91), or guideline‐recommended statin intensity (34.6% versus 50.4%; adjusted odds ratio 0.60, 95%
CI
0.45–0.81) than those with
CAD
only. Individuals with Ce
VD
only were also less likely to achieve low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/
dL
(59.2% versus 69.7%; adjusted odds ratio 0.79, 95%
CI
0.64–0.99) than individuals with
CAD
alone. There were no significant differences in the use of any statin therapy or guideline‐recommended statin intensity between individuals with
CAD
&Ce
VD
and those with
CAD
only.

Conclusions

Despite lack of significant differences in patient‐perceived cardiovascular risk or statin beliefs, patients with Ce
VD
were significantly less likely to receive higher intensity statin or achieve low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/
dL
than those with
CAD
only.
Delirium in an Acute Stroke Setting, Occurrence, and Risk Factors
Authors: Shaw Robert , Drozdowska Bogna , Taylor-Rowan Martin , Elliott Emma , Cuthbertson Gillian , Stott David J. , Quinn Terence J.
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose—

Delirium is a common and serious complication of acute illness. We describe delirium occurrence in an unselected, acute stroke population.

Methods—

We collected data from consecutive stroke admissions. We performed comprehensive cognitive assessment within the first week including Diagnostic Statistical Manual-5–based delirium diagnosis. We reported proportion with delirium and the clinical and demographic associations with delirium using multiple logistic regression.

Results—

Of 708 patients, median age of 71 years (interquartile range, 59–80), we recorded delirium in 187 of 708 (26.4%; 95% CI, 23.0–30.0). Across 395 patients with complete risk factor data (105 delirium), factors independently associated with delirium were: age (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03–1.08), drug/alcohol misuse (odds ratio, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.10–6.26), and stroke severity (odds ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14–1.31).

Conclusions—

Delirium is common in acute stroke, affecting 1 in 4. It may be possible to predict those at risk using prestroke and stroke-specific factors.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
researchregistry.com
. Protocol: 1147.
The Narrative Policy Framework and Sticky Beliefs: An Experiment Studying Islamophobia
Authors: Clemons, Randy S. , McBeth Mark K. , Peterson Rolfe Daus , Palmer Carl L.
Published: September 2019

Our study focuses on Islamophobia and the power of facts versus the power of a narrative in shaping individual opinion toward Muslims. We utilise an experimental design to explore three research questions: (1) Is Islamophobia and anti-Muslim sentiment lowered in narrative or factual treatments?; (2) What are the differential effects of the treatments by ideological orientation?; and (3) Is Islamophobia a predictor of policy stances? We find that neither the narrative or factual treatments lowered Islamophobia or anti-Muslim sentiment. However, moderates were significantly influenced by the Facts Treatment, expressing lower levels of anti-Muslim sentiment. Finally, the treatments significantly influenced policy positions for individuals in the Facts Treatment group, who were less likely to support funding increases for border security than subjects in the narrative treatment. Our findings have implications for understanding persuasion, identity protection cognition, and the persistence of Islamophobia within the context of the power of narrative.
The Financial and Supervisory Role of the Federal National Council in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Aljobair Ahmad
Published: September 2019

This article deals with the role of the UAE Federal National Council (FNC) as a legislative authority. It explains how it differs from other parliaments around the world in terms of composition and the role it plays as a final authoritative legislative power. The FNC has neither the power to legislate nor the right to control laws, although the Constitution allows it to discuss and comment upon draft laws. However, the FNC’s opinion is not binding on the promulgation of the laws. The President may reject the amendments and promulgate the law after it has been sanctioned by the Supreme Council. The Constitution also gives the Council of Ministers the power to promulgate laws in case of necessity and absence of the FNC. These constitutional texts contradict the internal regulations of the FNC which give this Council the right to amend the legal texts of the draft budget.
Evidence for the dissolution of the Calyptra minuticornis novaepommeraniae (Strand) and C. minuticornis minuticornis (Guenée) sub-species distinction (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
Authors: Snyder Julia L. , Zilli Alberto , Zaspel Jennifer M.
Published: September 2019

The species Calyptra minuticornis is divided into two subspecies: C. minuticornis novaepommeraniae (Strand) and C. minuticornis minuticornis (Guenée) based on minor morphological differences, geographic distribution, and differential feeding behaviors in the adults. In this study, museum specimens were examined, including the holotypes of C. novaepommeraniae and C. minuticornis. A comprehensive distribution map was generated for C. minuticornis. A permutational multivariate analysis of variance provided some statistical evidence for minor differences between the male genitalic morphology. Additionally, the maximum parsimony analysis of the C. minuticornis subspecies complex resulted in a polytomy and did not represent natural groupings. From these results, it can be concluded that C. minuticornis novaepommeraniae and C. minuticornis minuticornis should be synonymized. A redescription of the species and a revised checklist for the genus is also provided. This includes synonymization of Wolframmeyia Behounek, Hacker & Speidel with Calyptra and evidence that Percalpe Berio is an unavailable name.
Open-holed trapdoor spiders of the genus Teyl (Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anamini) from Western Australia’s Pilbara bioregion: a new species and expanded phylogenetic assessment
Authors: HUEY JOEL A. , RIX MICHAEL G. , WILSON JEREMY D. , HILLYER MIA J. , HARVEY MARK S.
Published: September 2019

The open-holed trapdoor spiders of the genus Teyl Main, 1975 from the Pilbara bioregion of Western Australia are investigated. A single endemic species from the southern Pilbara, T. heuretes sp. nov., is newly described, representing the northern-most occurrence of the genus in Australia. Legacy molecular data for Australian Nemesiidae, along with newly generated sequences for all described species of Teyl known from Western Australia, are analysed using Maximum Likelihood methods, providing molecular data for T. heuretes and an expanded phylogenetic assessment of the genus.
A new species of Simothraulopsis Demoulin, 1966 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Tocantins state, Brazil
Authors: ORLANDO THALES YANN , KROLOW TIAGO KÜTTER , BOLDRINI RAFAEL
Published: September 2019

There are seven genera and eight species of mayflies recorded for Tocantins state, Brazil, but only three belonging to the family Leptophlebiidae. Based on male imagoes, Simothraulopsis primus sp. nov. is described from Tocantins state, Northern Brazil. The species is characterized by the male genitalia being short, lanceolate, with a straight spine and by the “U” shape between the penis lobes. Other distinguishing features are the brown thorax and yellowish brown abdomen.
Description of Moca austrasinensis sp. nov., with the first record of Imma lathidora Meyrick, 1914 from mainland China (Lepidoptera, Immidae)
Authors: HUANG SI-YAO , YU TIAN-TIAN , FAN XIAO-LING , WANG MIN
Published: September 2019

Some new information on a poorly studied lepidopterous family, Immidae Heppner, 1977, is reported from Guangdong Province, in the southern part of mainland China. A new species, viz. Moca austrasinensis Huang & Wang sp. nov. is described from Mt. Wutong, Shenzhen. Imma lathidora Meyrick, 1914 is recorded in Mt. Nankun, Huizhou, representing the first record from mainland China. Adults and male genitalia of the species mentioned are illustrated.
High genetic variation within mitochondrial CO1 in Middle European Thanasimus formicarius (Linné, 1758) (Coleoptera: Cleridae)
Authors: GERSTMEIER ROLAND , MORINIÈRE JÉRÔME , HENDRICH LARS
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study is to assess the species status of the Middle-European Thanasimus Latreille, 1806 species using mitochondrial CO1 sequence data. Molecular biological results clearly support the synonymy of T. pectoralis (Fuss, 1863) and T. rufipes (Brahm, 1797) with T. femoralis (Zetterstedt, 1828) as already proposed by Kolibáč (1992). Results of the present study indicate high genetic variation within T. formicarius (Linné, 1758) and emphasize the study of population dynamics of T. formicarius within Europe. Furthermore, preliminary screening of all available T. formicarius sequences on BOLD and Genbank (shorter than 500bp) indicates the presence of a “Continental” and a more “Atlantic” clade in T. formicarius. To support our hypothesis of a probably cryptic species among T. formicarius, more studies, with more specimens from different populations, especially from southern England, northern France and the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula, will be necessary.
New records and their associated DNA barcodes of the butterfly family Hesperiidae in Tibet, China
Authors: CAO CHENGLONG , HUANG SIYAO , XU YONGQIANG , WU HAOMIN , CHEN TIANPENG , WANG MIN , DA WA , FAN XIAOLING
Published: September 2019

The specimens of the family Hesperiidae collected from Tibet during 2016–2018 are identified using morphology. COI sequences of 76 individuals are newly obtained. The result of our morphological study is congruent with COI gene analyses. Maximum likehood (ML) and Bayesina inferences (BI) analyses reveal that individuals identified morphologically as the same species cluster cohesively. The minimum interspecific genetic distance is 1.7% between Halpe aucma and H. filda, and the genetic distance between conspecific individuals ranged from 0 to 0.2% for the genus Halpe. A total of 51 species are recognized, and six of them, Celaenorrhinus consanguineus Leech, 1891, Barca bicolor (Oberthür, 1896), Aeromachus propinquus Alphéraky, 1897, Pedesta bivitta (Oberthür, 1886), Baoris penicillata chapmani Evans, 1937, and Ochlodes brahma Moore, 1878, are reported from Tibet for the first time, and the last species is new to China.
Asialeyrodes nicobarica sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from the Nicobar Island, located in the Indian part of the Sundaland hotspot, and two new synonymies
Authors: DUBEY ANIL KUMAR
Published: September 2019

A new whitefly species, Asialeyrodes nicobarica Dubey, sp. nov. found infesting Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) (Rubiaceae) on the Nicobar Island, located in the Indian part of the Sundaland hotspot, is described here. Puparia of the new species differ from all of its congeners in shape, and in having the median tubercles on abdominal segments I–VI, a posteriorly notched vasiform orifice and a broad caudal furrow filled with small linear striations. Asialeyrodes menoni Meganathan and David syn. nov and A. tuberculata Pushpa and Sundararaj syn. nov are synonymised with A. indica Sundararaj and David. Icfrealeyrodes splendens (Meganathan & David) comb. nov. is proposed for Asialeyrodes splendens Meganathan and David. Illustrations include habitus, line drawings, holotype images of the new species and A. tuberculata, and scanning electron microscope photomicrographs. Puparial keys differentiating Asialeyrodes Corbett from allied Indian Aleyrodinae genera and to puparia of species currently included in Asialeyrodes in India are provided. Also, the placement of a non-congeneric species, Rhachisphora spherica Sundararaj and Dubey in Asialeyrodes is discussed.
Asaccotrema vietnamiense n. gen.; n. sp. (Trematoda: Monorchioidea), a new aberrant representative of lissorchiid trematodes from the sidestripe rasbora, Rasbora paviana Tirant (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae), Vietnam
Authors: SOKOLOV SERGEY G. , GORDEEV ILYA I.
Published: September 2019

In this paper we erect Asaccotrema n. gen. of Lissorchiidae Magath, 1917 (Trematoda, Monorchioidea) and provide a description of Asaccotrema vietnamiense n. sp., that infects freshwater fish in Vietnam. The morphology of Asaccotrema n. gen. is significantly different from that of other lissorchiid genera due to the absence of the cirrus-sac, and position of the genital pore sublaterally, near the middle level of the esophagus. The male terminal genitalia are characterized by the presence of the seminal vesicle, which is surrounded by prostate gland-cells, a tubular pars prostatica and a long unarmed ejaculatory duct. The terminal portion of the cluster of prostate gland-cells, which surrounds pars prostatica and the distal end of seminal vesicle, is covered with a thin-walled open-ended membrane, and the other constituents of the male terminal genitalia are naked. Asaccotrema vietnamiense n. sp. specimens are found as progenetic metacercariae on the liver of the sidestripe rasbora, Rasbora paviana Tirant (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae). A partial sequence was obtained for the 28S rRNA gene (rDNA) of A. vietnamiense n. sp. The 28S rDNA-based phylogenetic analyses support the integration of A. vietnamiense n. sp. into the Lissorchiidae clade, which also includes Lissorchis kritskyi Barnhart & Powell, 1979 and Asymphylodora perccotti Besprozvanykh, Ermolenko & Atopkin, 2012. This is the second record of a lissorchiid species in fish in Vietnam.
First description of the male of Cretaconiopteryx grandis Liu & Lu, 2017 (Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae) from the Cretaceous Burmese amber
Authors: LI HONGYU , WANG BO , LIU XINGYUE
Published: September 2019

The male of Cretaconiopteryx grandis Liu & Lu, 2017, which is the only representative species of the extinct dustywing subfamily Cretaconiopteryginae, is described for the first time from the Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber. The male genitalia, well preserved in the examined specimen, show a number of plesiomorphic characters, which support the sister group relationship between Coniopterygidae and the rest of extant lacewing families.
A new species of the subgenus Tachycines (Gymnaeta) (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) from karst caves of southern Guizhou, China
Authors: FENG XUELI , HUANG SHIHUI , LUO CHANGQING
Published: September 2019

Some species of the subgenus Tachycines (Gymnaeta) inhabit caves. In this study, a new species of, Gymnaeta namely Tachycines (Gymnaeta) lalinus sp. nov., from two karst caves in Guizhou Province, China is described. This new species resembles the cave species Tachycines (Gymnaeta) zorzini from Guizhou Province, but can be separated from the latter by morphological characters of the male genitalia, the number of spines on hind tibiae, and coloration.
Summer- and Wintertime Variations of the Surface and Near-Surface Urban Heat Island in a Semiarid Environment
Authors: Palou Francisco Salamanca , Mahalov Alex
Published: September 2019

This paper examines summer- and wintertime variations of the surface and near-surface urban heat island (UHI) for the Phoenix metropolitan area using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), near-surface meteorological observations, and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model during a 31-day summer- and a 31-day wintertime period. The surface UHI (defined based on the urban–rural land surface temperature difference) is found to be higher at night and during the warm season. On the other hand, the morning surface UHI is low and frequently exhibits an urban cool island that increases during the summertime period. Similarly, the near-surface UHI (defined based on the urban–rural 2-m air temperature difference) is higher at night and during summertime. On the other hand, the daytime near-surface UHI is low but rarely exhibits an urban cool island. To evaluate the WRF Model’s ability to reproduce the diurnal cycle of near-surface meteorology and surface skin temperature, two WRF Model experiments (one using the Bougeault and Lacarrere turbulent scheme and one with the Mellor–Yamada–Janjić turbulent parameterization) at high spatial resolution (1-km horizontal grid spacing) are conducted for each 31-day period. Modeled results show that the WRF Model (coupled to the Noah-MP land surface model) tends to underestimate to some extent surface skin temperature during daytime and overestimate nighttime values during the wintertime period. In the same way, the WRF Model tends to accurately reproduce the diurnal cycle of near-surface air temperature, including maximum and minimum temperatures, and wind speed during summertime, but notably overestimates nighttime near-surface air temperature during wintertime. This nighttime overestimation is especially remarkable with the Bougeault and Lacarrere turbulent scheme for both urban and rural areas.
Predictive Value of the Acute-to-Chronic Glycemic Ratio for In-Hospital Outcomes in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Gao Side , Liu Qingbo , Ding Xiaosong , Chen Hui , Zhao Xueqiao , Li Hongwei
Published: September 2019

This study investigated whether a novel index of stress hyperglycemia might have a better prognostic value compared to admission glycemia alone in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The acute-to-chronic glycemic ratio was expressed as admission blood glucose (ABG) devided by the estimated average glucose (eAG), and eAG was derived from the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). A total of 1300 consecutive patients with STEMI treated with PCI were included. Baseline data and outcomes were analyzed. The study end point was a composite of in-hospital all-cause death, cardiogenic shock, and acute pulmonary edema. Accuracy was defined with area under the curve (AUC) by a receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. After multivariate adjustment, both ABG/eAG and ABG were closely associated with an increased risk of the composite end point in nondiabetic patients. However, only ABG/eAG (odds ratio = 2.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.24-4.82, P = .010), instead of ABG, was associated with the outcomes in diabetic patients. Compared to ABG, ABG/eAG had an equivalent predictive value in nondiabetic patients but a superior discriminatory ability in diabetic patients (AUC improved from 0.52-0.63, P < .001). Taken together, ABG/eAG provides more significant in-hospital prognostic information than ABG in diabetic patients with STEMI after PCI.
Mechanical properties of nano-silica and nano-clay composites of phenol formaldehyde short carbon fibers
Authors: Jahangiri Ali Asghar , Rostamiyan Yasser
Published: September 2019

The mechanical properties of phenol formaldehyde (phenolic novolac) and short carbon fiber T300 polymer-based nano-composites-reinforced with nano-silica and nano-clay particles have been studied experimentally. By increasing the weight percentage of the short carbon fiber in the phenol formaldehyde, the strength of the composite increases, but its plastic deformation is severely limited. Also, in the case of composite reinforced with nano-silica particles, the tensile and flexural strength of the composite with the increase in the weight percentage of the nano-silica increase by 1% to 3%, whereas with the nano-clay particles, the tensile and flexural strength of the composite decrease by 1% to 3%. It is composite with 1% weight percentage of the nano-clay particle which has the highest strength in comparison to the other samples. Regardless of the type of corrosive solution, the composite strength decreases significantly over 25 days. However, with an increase in the duration from 25 days to 45 days, a slight change has been observed. The outcomes indicate that the corrosion of PF/CF40% composites and the composite reinforced with silica nanoparticles are higher corrosion rate in acid than in salt solution. In contrast, the nano-clay composite has more corrosion in salt solution. Furthermore, the analysis of the fracture surface of samples done by SEM microscopy shows reduction of the porosity in the case of using nanoparticles.
Endoscopic Findings of Fungal Ball in the Mucocele After Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery
Authors: Kim Jong Seung , Lee Eun Jung
Published: September 2019

A 51-year-old woman with headache was referred to our hospital. She had a history of endonasal pituitary surgery 22 years prior and hypertension 10 years prior. The endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary approach was performed via microscopic transseptal approach. Nasal endoscopy revealed whitish cystic wall protruded from the right sphenoid sinus. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed under general anesthesia. After incision of the right sphenoid ostium, yellowish mucoid discharge in the right sphenoid sinus was pushed out from the sphenoid sinus. Histopathology confirmed fungal ball in the sphenoid sinus, which is consistent with aspergillosis sinus. The presence of fungal ball and mucocele are rarely reported, but mucocele and fungal ball found after pituitary surgery are the first and therefore unique in this case.