bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bearing Characteristics of Diaphragm Wall Foundation under Vertical and Combined Load
Authors: Gong Weiming
Published: December 2021

To investigate the bearing characteristics of diaphragm wall foundation under combined load, the results from elasto-plastic analyses of 3D finite element models (FEM) were presented in this study. The vertical load of the diaphragm wall foundation is borne by inner and outer side resistance, resistance of soil core and the end of wall, respectively. Moreover, the sum of end resistance and soil core resistance accounts for about 75% of the vertical load. The mobilization mechanism and distribution of side resistance of the foundation were also analyzed. It is clarified that the mobilization characteristics of inner and outer side resistance of the wall are completely opposite. Due to the combined load, the horizontal load has an amplification effect on the settlement of the foundation. Additionally, the calculation methods of the Eight-component Winkler spring model and rigid pile displacement were used for determining the vertical load-bearing capacity and the overturning stability. A comparison between results from the FEM and the theoretical calculation methods showed that the results of the numerical simulation properly coincided with that of the displacement solution of theoretical model. The conclusions obtained by the above methods all indicate that the foundation has the characteristics of overall overturning failure under the combined load.
First report of Amblyseius tamatavensis Blommers, 1974 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Peru, with predation observation and a key for the Amblyseius species reported so far from that country
Authors: Jorge Sofía Jiménez , Demite Peterson R. , Moraes Gilberto J. de
Published: December 2021

Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) is an important family of predatory mites, with some species being commercialized as biological control agents for the control of phytophagous mites and small insects. In Peru, 65 species of this family have been recorded so far, with Amblyseius being the most diverse genus, with 11 species. The aim of this study is to report for the first time the presence of Amblyseius tamatavensis Blommers, 1974 in Peru. In South America, this species has so far been reported only in Brazil and Venezuela. In Peru, A. tamatavensis was found on orange plants [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] in the district of Pangoa, department of Júnin. In the laboratory, collected specimens were observed to feed on Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmed, 1879) (Acari: Eriophyidae) and Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Studies to verify the potential of this species as a biological control agent for pests occurring in Peru should be conducted. A key to the Amblyseius species recorded in Peru is presented.
Why do we need "Real-World Data & Evidence", the new scientific electronic journal?
Authors: Kolbin A. S.
Published: December 2021

The modern request of the global healthcare system is the collection and analysis of the information obtained during the analysis of data collected in research of routine medical practice, namely real-world data (RWD), and the evidence based on it, real-world evidence (RWE).
Paracetamol safety in COVID-19
Authors: Romanov B. K.
Published: December 2021

The relevance of paracetamol safety assessment is associated with broad recommendations for its use as a symptomatic agent in COVID-19 and an agent for adverse events following vaccination to prevent COVID-19.

Objectives. Conducting a review of global paracetamol safety data during the initial period of COVID-19 pandemic (in 2020 and in the first half of 2021).

Materials and methods. 2,356 scientific articles and their abstracts on paracetamol safety in electronic libraries; data on 2,272 clinical trials of paracetamol in ClinicalTrials.gov and the State Register of Medicines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; 173,707 individual reports of adverse drugs reactions of paracetamol in the international pharmacovigilance database VigiBase. The data were evaluated by statistical methods in the VigiLyze analytical system (authorized expert access).

Results. No publications and completed clinical trials were found on the safety issue of paracetamol use in COVID-19. During the initial period of COVID-19 pandemic (from January 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021), the number of reports of paracetamol safety issues included in VigiBase decreased by 22,1%, which may be due to a decrease in the number of specialists sending reports on safety, with an increase of their duties and with a switching attention of these specialists and patients to other problems associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. No changes have been identified in the sources of safety data and trade names for paracetamol medicinal products. It has been established that the main part (99,4% of cases) of side effects associated with paracetamol develops outside the use of vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19. Pre-COVID and COVID data include information on 2,692 and 2,527 names of various paracetamol safety concerns, respectively. These data overlap the list of side effects specified in instructions for medical use and include new symptoms not described in instructions for medical use.

Conclusions. The lack of safety signals may be due to the lack of alertness of specialists and marketing authorization holders regarding paracetamol. During the COVID period, the structure and frequency of paracetamol safety concerns codified in terms of MedDRA (version 24.0) have changed, which can be studied in future studies of paracetamol, ibuprofen and other medicinal products.
Registers as the basis for data collection and evidence building
Authors: Ivanov A. V.
Published: December 2021

The development of medical science requires a constant increase in the effectiveness and safety of treatment. Collection of real-world data (RWD) is one way of solving these problems. Clinical registries are one of the most important parts of this process. Clinical registries allow collecting data on the use of medical technologies and monitoring the results of therapy in real clinical practice. The introduction of patient registers and the collection of RWD data into widespread medical practice can help to optimize costs in the treatment of high-cost diseases and to better plan the budget.
Applying real-world data to justify requirements to purchased drugs in public procurement
Authors: Borzova M. A.
Published: December 2021

The article describes the approaches of law enforcement practice in relation to the regulatory limits within which a medical institution may exercise it's right to establish requirements for purchased drugs based on purchaser's clinical practice and its own clinical experience.
The Hebb repetition effect in complex span tasks: Evidence for a shared learning mechanism with simple span tasks
Authors: Araya Claudia , Oberauer Klaus , Saito Satoru
Published: December 2021

The Hebb repetition effect on serial-recall task refers to the improvement in the accuracy of recall of a repeated list (e.g., repeated in every 3 trials) over random non-repeated lists. Previous research has shown that both temporal position and neighboring items need to be the same on each repetition list for the Hebb repetition effect to occur, suggesting chunking as one of its underlying mechanisms. Accordingly, one can expect absence of the Hebb repetition effect in a complex span task, given that the sequence is interrupted by distractors. Nevertheless, one study by Oberauer, Jones, and Lewandowsky (2015, Memory & Cognition, 43[6], 852–865) showed evidence of the Hebb repetition effect in a complex span task. Throughout four experiments, we confirmed the Hebb repetition effect in complex span tasks, even when we included distractors in both encoding and recall phases to avoid any resemblance to a simple span task and minimized the possibility of chunking. Results showed that the Hebb repetition effect was not affected by the distractors during encoding and recall. A transfer cycle analysis showed that the long-term knowledge acquired in the complex span task can be transferred to a simple span task. These findings provide the first insights on the mechanism behind the Hebb repetition effect in complex span tasks; it is at least partially based on the same mechanism that improves recall performance by repetition in simple span tasks.
Antithrombotic treatment in COVID-19 – from theory to practical approach
Authors:   Department of Infectious Diseases (Internal Medicine II), “Gr.T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Miftode Ionela-Larisa ,   “Sf. Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Iasi, Romania, Moloce Angela ,   “Sf. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania, Miftode Radu-Stefan ,   “Sf. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania,   Department of Cardiology (Internal Medicine I), “Gr.T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Onofrei Viviana ,   “Sf. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania,   Department of Cardiology (Internal Medicine I), “Gr.T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
Published: December 2021

Although initially considered a strictly respiratory pathology, the novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has emerged as a significant prothrombotic trigger, inducing hypercoagulable status and increased risk of thrombotic events. This is due to a plethora of mechanisms, either from inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction, overexpression of procoagulant molecules doubled by down-regulation of physiological antithrombotic pathways, or from an exagerated response to otherwise normal procoagulant stimuli. This complex association of factors define the concept of immunothrombosis, which can be influenced by several antithrombotic medications. Despite the lack of an „universal” guideline, the general consensus is to recommend antithrombotic treatment in COVID-19 patients, but its administration should take into account the patient’s clinical status, comorbidities or the other previous indications for antithrombotic treatment. This precaution is due to the multiple drug interactions with antivirals or other molecules used in COVID-19. Concerning anticoagulant treatment, heparins are the optimal choice, compared to antivitamins K and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), because they exhibit the most protective effects doubled by the least interactions with other substances. Hospitalized patients should receive prophylactic doses of anticoagulation, but not for the prevention of arterial thrombosis, unless they have a previous indication such as atrial fibrillation or prosthetic valve. It is generally recommended that patients on chronic anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy for other conditions will continue their prescribed medication, here including special categories such as pregnant women. However, non-hospitalized patients with mild forms of the disease should not be initiated anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy unless they have other indication. Continuation of prophylaxis after discharge is a matter of debate, the existing data suggesting it may be considered in those patients at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and/or who had a moderate-severe form of the disease, always assessing the bleeding risk. Further data from extensive studies are required in order to standardize the antithrombotic approach in COVID-19 patients.
Child with SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute lymfoblastic leukemia
Authors:   “Dr Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania, Bontea Raluca , Vancea Geta ,   “Dr Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Ispas Dana ,   “Dr Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania, Tudor Nicoleta ,   “Dr Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania, Voicu Nicoleta ,   “Dr Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania, Iordache Cristina ,   “Dr Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania, Scurtu Gabriela ,   “Dr Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania, Stoenescu Andreea ,   “Dr Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Popică Andreea ,   “Dr Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania, Chirilă Claudia ,   “Dr Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania, Florescu Simin-Aysel ,   “Dr Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Ceaușu Emanoil ,   “Dr Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Academy of Medical Sciences, Romania, Calistru Petre ,   “Dr Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) frequently leads to asymptomatic or mild infectious disease evolution in children. Case presentation. We present the case of a 3 year old girl, known with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in chemotherapy treatment at that time. She had an asymptomatic form of COVID-19 but with important paraclinical changes. The evolution was favorable under the treatment initiated with antibiotics, corticotherapy, gastric protector and symptomatic treatment if necessary. Conclusion. Management of children with COVID-19 and other comorbidities remains a challenge given the few data currently in the literature.
Arvenses frecuentes en el cultivo del café en Colombia
Authors: Salazar-Gutiérrez Luis
Published: December 2021

Un aspecto clave para el manejo integral de las arvenses, es su identificación y clasificación según el grado de interferencia con el cultivo; por lo anterior en este libro se presenta la actualización del reconocimiento de arvenses en plantaciones de café; en el que se obtuvo el registro de 265 especies de arvenses, correspondientes a 60 familias. También se muestra una clasificación y descripción práctica, acompañada de fotografías para que el Extensionista y el caficultor puedan reconocer las arvenses que se presentan en el sistema de producción.
Practices of Creative Disobedience: A Key to Economic Success in Socialism? : A Case Study of a Hungarian Agricultural Cooperative
Authors: Varga Zsuzsanna
Published: December 2021

In this article, I examine the fate during the decades of socialism in Hungary of the agricultural company Árpád-Agrár Ltd. of Szentes, which which has flourished up to the present day. Its predecessor, the Árpád Mezőgazdasági Termelőszövetkezet (Agricultural Producer Cooperative), was established in 1960, during the last wave of collectivization. Most members were gardeners who specialized in a Bulgarian type of horticulture. One of the central questions in my inquiry is how individual gardeners’ best practices were preserved and further developed within the structure of a socialist cooperative. I also consider how the Árpád Cooperative used the economic reforms of 1968 to expand its market-share. In my analysis of the successful transfer of knowledge and processes of adaptation, I devote particular attention to the human factor, taking into consideration both the changing relationship between the leadership and the membership of the cooperative and the formation of a class of managers who had had experiences in the West and had a more open-minded mentality. These factors offer a possible explanation as to why this agricultural community chose the organizational form of a cooperative at the time of the change of the political regime and was transformed into a public limited liability company only a decade later.
The Peculiar Chemical Pattern of the WASP-160 Binary System: Signatures of Planetary Formation and Evolution?
Authors: Jofré Emiliano , Petrucci Romina , Maqueo Chew Yilen Gómez , Ramírez Ivan , Saffe Carlos , Martioli Eder , Buccino Andrea P. , Mašek Martin , García Luciano , Canul Eliab F. , Gómez Mercedes
Published: December 2021

Wide binary stars with similar components hosting planets provide a favorable opportunity for exploring the star–planet chemical connection. We perform a detailed characterization of the solar-type stars in the WASP-160 binary system. No planet has been reported yet around WASP-160A, while WASP-160B is known to host a transiting Saturn-mass planet, WASP-160B b. For this planet, we also derive updated properties from both literature and new observations. Furthermore, using TESS photometry, we constrain the presence of transiting planets around WASP-160A and additional ones around WASP-160B. The stellar characterization includes, for the first time, the computation of high-precision differential atmospheric and chemical abundances of 25 elements based on high-quality Gemini-GRACES spectra. Our analysis reveals evidence of a correlation between the differential abundances and the condensation temperatures of the elements. In particular, we find both a small but significant deficit of volatiles and an enhancement of refractory elements in WASP-160B relative to WASP-160A. After WASP-94, this is the second stellar pair among the shortlist of planet-hosting binaries showing this kind of peculiar chemical pattern. Although we discuss several plausible planet formation and evolution scenarios for WASP-160A and B that could explain the observed chemical pattern, none of them can be conclusively accepted or rejected. Future high-precision photometric and spectroscopic follow-up, as well as high-contrast imaging observations, of WASP-160A and B might provide further constraints on the real origin of the detected chemical differences.
Deep Exploration of the Planets HR 8799 b, c, and d with Moderate-resolution Spectroscopy
Authors: Ruffio Jean-Baptiste , Konopacky Quinn M. , Barman Travis , Macintosh Bruce , Hoch Kielan K. W. , De Rosa Robert J. , Wang Jason J. , Czekala Ian , Marois Christian
Published: December 2021

The four directly imaged planets orbiting the star HR 8799 are an ideal laboratory to probe atmospheric physics and formation models. We present more than a decade’s worth of Keck/OSIRIS observations of these planets, which represent the most detailed look at their atmospheres to date by its resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. We present the first direct detection of HR 8799 d, the second-closest known planet to the star, at moderate spectral resolution with Keck/OSIRIS (K band; R ≈ 4000). Additionally, we uniformly analyze new and archival OSIRIS data (H and K band) of HR 8799 b, c, and d. First, we show detections of water (H2O) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the three planets and discuss the ambiguous case of methane (CH4) in the atmosphere of HR 8799 b. Then, we report radial-velocity (RV) measurements for each of the three planets. The RV measurement of HR 8799 d is consistent with predictions made assuming coplanarity and orbital stability of the HR 8799 planetary system. Finally, we perform a uniform atmospheric analysis on the OSIRIS data, published photometric points, and low-resolution spectra. We do not infer any significant deviation from the stellar value of the carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O) of the three planets, which therefore does not yet yield definitive information about the location or method of formation. However, constraining the C/O for all the HR 8799 planets is a milestone for any multiplanet system, and particularly important for large, widely separated gas giants with uncertain formation processes.
The Challenges Ahead for Multimessenger Analyses of Gravitational Waves and Kilonova: A Case Study on GW190425
Authors: Raaijmakers Geert , Nissanke Samaya , Foucart Francois , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Bulla Mattia , Fernández Rodrigo , Henkel Amelia , Hinderer Tanja , Hotokezaka Kenta , Lukošiūtė Kamilė , Venumadhav Tejaswi , Antier Sarah , Coughlin Michael W. , Dietrich Tim , Edwards Thomas D. P.
Published: December 2021

In recent years, there have been significant advances in multimessenger astronomy due to the discovery of the first, and so far only confirmed, gravitational wave event with a simultaneous electromagnetic (EM) counterpart, as well as improvements in numerical simulations, gravitational wave (GW) detectors, and transient astronomy. This has led to the exciting possibility of performing joint analyses of the GW and EM data, providing additional constraints on fundamental properties of the binary progenitor and merger remnant. Here, we present a new Bayesian framework that allows inference of these properties, while taking into account the systematic modeling uncertainties that arise when mapping from GW binary progenitor properties to photometric light curves. We extend the relative binning method presented in Zackay et al. to include extrinsic GW parameters for fast analysis of the GW signal. The focus of our EM framework is on light curves arising from r-process nucleosynthesis in the ejected material during and after merger, the so-called kilonova, and particularly on black hole−neutron star systems. As a case study, we examine the recent detection of GW190425, where the primary object is consistent with being either a black hole or a neutron star. We show quantitatively how improved mapping between binary progenitor and outflow properties, and/or an increase in EM data quantity and quality are required in order to break degeneracies in the fundamental source parameters.
The XFaster Power Spectrum and Likelihood Estimator for the Analysis of Cosmic Microwave Background Maps
Authors: Gambrel A. E. , Rahlin A. S. , Song X. , Contaldi C. R. , Ade P. A. R. , Amiri M. , Benton S. J. , Bergman A. S. , Bihary R. , Bock J. J. , Bond J. R. , Bonetti J. A. , Bryan S. A. , Chiang H. C. , Duivenvoorden A. J. , Eriksen H. K. , Farhang M. , Filippini J. P. , Fraisse A. A. , Freese K. , Galloway M. , Gandilo N. N. , Gualtieri R. , Gudmundsson J. E. , Halpern M. , Hartley J. , Hasselfield M. , Hilton G. , Holmes W. , Hristov V. V. , Huang Z. , Irwin K. D. , Jones W. C. , Karakci A. , Kuo C. L. , Kermish Z. D. , Leung J. S.-Y. , Li S. , Mak D. S. Y. , Mason P. V. , Megerian K. , Moncelsi L. , Morford T. A. , Nagy J. M. , Netterfield C. B. , Nolta M. , O’Brient R. , Osherson B. , Padilla I. L. , Racine B. , Reintsema C. , Ruhl J. E. , Ruud T. M. , Shariff J. A. , Shaw E. C. , Shiu C. , Soler J. D. , Trangsrud A. , Tucker C. , Tucker R. S. , Turner A. D. , List J. F. van der , Weber A. C. , Wehus I. K. , Wen S. , Wiebe D. V. , Young E. Y.
Published: December 2021

We present the XFaster analysis package, a fast, iterative angular power spectrum estimator based on a diagonal approximation to the quadratic Fisher matrix estimator. It uses Monte Carlo simulations to compute noise biases and filter transfer functions and is thus a hybrid of both Monte Carlo and quadratic estimator methods. In contrast to conventional pseudo-C

ℓ
–based methods, the algorithm described here requires a minimal number of simulations and does not require them to be precisely representative of the data to estimate accurate covariance matrices for the bandpowers. The formalism works with polarization-sensitive observations and also data sets with identical, partially overlapping, or independent survey regions. The method was first implemented for the analysis of BOOMERanG data and also used as part of the Planck analysis. Here we describe the full, publicly available analysis package, written in Python, as developed for the analysis of data from the 2015 flight of the Spider instrument. The package includes extensions for self-consistently estimating null spectra and estimating fits for Galactic foreground contributions. We show results from the extensive validation of XFaster using simulations and its application to the Spider data set.
Photospheric Prompt Emission From Long Gamma-ray Burst Simulations. I. Optical Emission
Authors: Parsotan Tyler , Lazzati Davide
Published: December 2021

A complete understanding of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been difficult to achieve, due to our incomplete knowledge of the radiation mechanism that is responsible for producing the prompt emission. This emission, which is detected in the first tens of seconds of the GRB, is typically dominated by hard X-ray and gamma-ray photons, although there have also been a few dozen prompt optical detections. These optical detections have the potential to discriminate between plausible prompt emission models, such as the photospheric and synchrotron shock models. In this work, we use an improved MCRaT code, which includes cyclo-synchrotron emission and absorption, to conduct radiative transfer calculations from optical to gamma-ray energies under the photospheric model. The calculations are conducted using a set of two-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamic long GRB jet simulations, consisting of a constant and a variable jet. We predict the correlations between the optical and gamma-ray light curves as functions of observer angle and jet variability, and find that there should be extremely dim optical prompt precursors for large viewing angles. Additionally, the detected optical emission originates from dense regions of the outflow, such as shock interfaces and the jet-cocoon interface. Our results also show that the photospheric model is unable to account for the current set of optical prompt detections that have been made and therefore additional radiative mechanisms are needed to explain these prompt optical observations. These findings show the importance of conducting global radiative transfer simulations using hydrodynamically calculated jet structures.
Thermal History of Matrix Forsterite Grains from Murchison Based on High-resolution Tomography
Authors: Perotti Giulia , Sørensen Henning O. , Haack Henning , Andersen Anja C. , Sanchez Dario Ferreira , van Kooten Elishevah M. M. E. , Tsai Esther H. R. , Dalby Kim N. , Holler Mirko , Grolimund Daniel , Hassenkam Tue
Published: December 2021

Protoplanetary disks are dust- and gas-rich structures surrounding protostars. Depending on the distance from the protostar, this dust is thermally processed to different degrees and accreted to form bodies of varying chemical compositions. The primordial accretion processes occurring in the early protoplanetary disk such as chondrule formation and metal segregation are not well understood. One way to constrain them is to study the morphology and composition of forsteritic grains from the matrix of carbonaceous chondrites. Here, we present high-resolution ptychographic X-ray nanotomography and multimodal chemical microtomography (X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence) to reveal the early history of forsteritic grains extracted from the matrix of the Murchison CM2.5 chondrite. The 3D electron density maps revealed, at unprecedented resolution (64 nm), spherical inclusions containing Fe–Ni, very little silica-rich glass and void caps (i.e., volumes where the electron density is consistent with conditions close to vacuum) trapped in forsterite. The presence of the voids along with the overall composition, petrological textures, and shrinkage calculations is consistent with the grains experiencing one or more heating events with peak temperatures close to the melting point of forsterite (∼2100 K), and subsequently cooled and contracted, in agreement with chondrule-forming conditions.
Identifying QCD Phase Transitions via the Gravitational Wave Frequency from a Supernova Explosion
Authors: Bai Zhan , Fu Wei-jie , Liu Yu-xin
Published: December 2021

We investigate the nonradial oscillations of newly born neutron stars (NSs) and strange quark stars (SQSs). This is done with the relativistic nuclear field theory with hyperon degrees of freedom employed to describe the equation of state (EoS) for the stellar matter in NSs, and with both the MIT bag model and the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model adopted to construct the configurations of the SQSs. We find that the gravitational-mode (g-mode) eigenfrequencies of newly born SQSs are significantly lower than those of NSs, which is independent of models implemented to describe the EoS for the strange quark matter. Meanwhile, the eigenfrequencies of the other modes of nonradial oscillations, e.g., fundamental (f)- and pressure (p)-modes, are much larger than those of the g-mode, and are related to the stiffness of the EoSs. In light of the first direct observation of gravitational waves (GWs), it is promising to employ GWs to identify the QCD phase transition in high-density strong-interaction matter.
Clumps and Rings of Ejecta in SNR 0540–69.3 as Seen in 3D
Authors: Larsson J. , Sollerman J. , Lyman J. D. , Spyromilio J. , Tenhu L. , Fransson C. , Lundqvist P.
Published: December 2021

The distribution of ejecta in young supernova remnants offers a powerful observational probe of their explosions and progenitors. Here we present a 3D reconstruction of the ejecta in SNR 0540-69.3, which is an O-rich remnant with a pulsar wind nebula located in the LMC. We use observations from the Very Large Telescope (VLT)/MUSE to study Hβ, [O iii] λ
λ4959, 5007, Hα, [S ii] λ
λ6717, 6731, [Ar iii] λ7136, and [S iii] λ9069. This is complemented by 2D spectra from VLT/X-shooter, which also cover [O ii] λ
λ3726, 3729, and [Fe ii] λ12567. We identify three main emission components: (i) clumpy rings in the inner nebula (≲1000 km s−1) with similar morphologies in all lines; (ii) faint extended [O iii] emission dominated by an irregular ring-like structure with radius ∼1600 km s−1 and inclination ∼40°, but with maximal velocities reaching ∼3000 km s−1; and (iii) a blob of Hα and Hβ located southeast of the pulsar at velocities ∼1500–3500 km s−1. We analyze the geometry using a clump-finding algorithm and use the clumps in the [O iii] ring to estimate an age of 1146 ± 116 yr. The observations favor an interpretation of the [O iii] ring as ejecta, while the origin of the H-blob is more uncertain. An alternative explanation is that it is the blown-off envelope of a binary companion. From the detection of Balmer lines in the innermost ejecta we confirm that SNR 0540 was a Type II supernova and that hydrogen was mixed down to low velocities in the explosion.
Mirror Diffusion of Cosmic Rays in Highly Compressible Turbulence Near Supernova Remnants
Authors: Xu Siyao
Published: December 2021

Recent gamma-ray observations have revealed inhomogeneous diffusion of cosmic rays (CRs) in the interstellar medium (ISM). This is expected, as the diffusion of CRs depends on the properties of turbulence, which can vary widely in the multiphase ISM. We focus on the mirror diffusion arising in highly compressible turbulence in molecular clouds (MCs) around supernova remnants (SNRs), where the magnetic mirroring effect results in significant suppression of diffusion of CRs near CR sources. Significant energy loss via proton–proton interactions due to slow diffusion flattens the low-energy CR spectrum, while the high-energy CR spectrum is steepened due to the strong dependence of mirror diffusion on CR energy. The resulting broken power-law spectrum of CRs matches well the gamma-ray spectrum observed from SNR/MC systems, e.g., IC443 and W44.
Fast Particle Acceleration in Three-dimensional Relativistic Reconnection
Authors: Zhang Hao , Sironi Lorenzo , Giannios Dimitrios
Published: December 2021

Magnetic reconnection is invoked as one of the primary mechanisms to produce energetic particles. We employ large-scale 3D particle-in-cell simulations of reconnection in magnetically dominated (σ = 10) pair plasmas to study the energization physics of high-energy particles. We identify an acceleration mechanism that only operates in 3D. For weak guide fields, 3D plasmoids/flux ropes extend along the z-direction of the electric current for a length comparable to their cross-sectional radius. Unlike in 2D simulations, where particles are buried in plasmoids, in 3D we find that a fraction of particles with γ ≳ 3σ can escape from plasmoids by moving along z, and so they can experience the large-scale fields in the upstream region. These “free” particles preferentially move in z along Speiser-like orbits sampling both sides of the layer and are accelerated linearly in time—their Lorentz factor scales as γ ∝ t, in contrast to

γ
∝

t

in 2D. The energy gain rate approaches ∼eE
rec
c, where E
rec ≃ 0.1B
0 is the reconnection electric field and B
0 the upstream magnetic field. The spectrum of free particles is hard,

dN

free

/

d
γ
∝

γ

−
1.5

, contains ∼20% of the dissipated magnetic energy independently of domain size, and extends up to a cutoff energy scaling linearly with box size. Our results demonstrate that relativistic reconnection in GRB and AGN jets may be a promising mechanism for generating ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.
Magnetohydrodynamic Winds Driven by Line Force from the Standard Thin Disk around Supermassive Black Holes: II. A Possible Model for Ultra-fast Outflows in Radio-loud AGNs
Authors: Yang Xiao-Hong
Published: December 2021

In radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs), ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) were detected at the inclination angle of ∼10°–70° away from jets. Except for the inclination angle of UFOs, the UFOs in radio-loud AGNs have similar properties to that in radio-quiet AGNs. The UFOs with such low inclination cannot be explained in the line-force mechanism. The magnetic-driving mechanism is suggested to explain the UFOs based on a self-similar solution with radiative transfer calculations. However, the energetics of self-similar solution need to be further confirmed based on numerical simulations. To understand the formation and acceleration of UFOs in radio-loud AGNs, this paper presents a model of the disk winds driven by both line force and magnetic field and implements numerical simulations. Initially, a magnetic field is set to 10 times stronger than the gas pressures at the disk surface. Simulation results imply that the disk winds driven by both line force and magnetic field could describe the properties of UFOs in radio-loud AGNs. Pure magnetohydrodynamics (MHDs) simulation is also implemented. When the initial conditions are the same, the hybrid models of magnetic fields and line force are more helpful to form UFOs than the pure MHD models. It is worth studying the case of a stronger magnetic field to confirm this result.
On the Frequency Drift of Coronal Loop’s Fast Kink Oscillation: Effects of Quasi-static Evolution in Loop Density
Authors: li Hongbo , Feng Hengqiang , Shen Yuandeng , Tian Zhanjun , Zhao Guoqing , Zhao Ake , Zhao Yan
Published: December 2021

Although the fast kink oscillation, as one of a few fundamental modes in coronal seismology, has received a lot of attention over the past two decades, observations of its frequency drift remain elusive. There is evidence that this phenomenon is related to the quasi-static evolution of loop density. We therefore consider analytically the effects of a quasi-static density evolution on the fast kink oscillation of coronal loops. From the analyses, we determine explicitly the analytic dependence of the oscillation period/frequency and amplitude on the evolving density of the oscillatory loop. The findings can well reconcile several key characters in some frequency drift observations, which are not understood. Models of fast kink oscillation in the thermal dynamic loop are also established to investigate the present effects in more detail. Our findings not only show us a possible explanation for the frequency drift of the coronal loop’s fast kink oscillation, but also a full new energy transformation mechanism where the internal energy and the kinetic energy of an oscillating coronal loop can be interchanged directly by the interaction of the loop’s oscillation and its density evolution, which we suggest may provide a new clue for the energy processes associated with a thermodynamic resonator in the space magnetic plasma.
Neutrino Transport with the Monte Carlo Method. II. Quantum Kinetic Equations
Authors: Kato Chinami , Nagakura Hiroki , Morinaga Taiki
Published: December 2021

Neutrinos have a unique quantum feature as flavor conversions. Recent studies suggested that collective neutrino oscillations play important roles in high-energy astrophysical phenomena. The quantum kinetic equation (QKE) is capable of describing the neutrino flavor conversion, transport, and matter collision self-consistently. However, we have experienced many technical difficulties in their numerical implementation. In this paper, we present a new QKE solver based on a Monte Carlo (MC) approach. This is an upgraded version of our classical MC neutrino transport solver; in essence, a flavor degree of freedom including mixing state is added into each MC particle. This extension requires updating numerical treatments of collision terms, in particular for scattering processes. We deal with the technical problem by generating a new MC particle at each scattering event. To reduce statistical noise inherent in MC methods, we develop the effective mean free path method. This suppresses a sudden change of flavor state due to collisions without increasing the number of MC particles. We present a suite of code tests to validate these new modules with comparison to the results reported in previous studies. Our QKE-MC solver is developed with fundamentally different philosophy and design from other deterministic and mesh methods, suggesting that it will be complementary to others and potentially provide new insights into physical processes of neutrino dynamics.
The Early-type Stars from the LAMOST Survey: Atmospheric Parameters
Authors: Guo (郭彦君) Yanjun , Zhang Bo , Liu Chao , Li Jiao , Li Jiangdan , Wang Luqian , Liu Zhicun , Hou Yong-Hui , Han Zhanwen , Chen Xuefei
Published: December 2021

Massive stars play key roles in many astrophysical processes. Deriving the atmospheric parameters of massive stars is important to understanding their physical properties, and thus the atmospheric parameters are key inputs to trace the evolution of massive stars. Here we report our work on adopting the data-driven technique called stellar label machine (SLAM) with the nonlocal thermal equilibrium TLUSTY synthetic spectra as the training data set to estimate the stellar parameters of Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) optical spectra for early-type stars. We apply two consistency tests to verify this machine-learning method and compare stellar labels given by SLAM with the labels in the literature for several objects having high-resolution spectra. We provide the stellar labels of effective temperature (T
eff), surface gravity (

log
g

), metallicity ([M/H]), and projected rotational velocity (

v
sin
i

) for 3931 and 578 early-type stars from the LAMOST low-resolution survey (LRS) and medium-resolution survey (MRS), respectively. To estimate the average statistical uncertainties of our results, we calculated the standard deviation between the predicted stellar label and the prelabeled published values from the high-resolution spectra. The uncertainties of the four parameters are σ(T
eff) = 2185 K,

σ
(
log
g
)
=
0.29

dex, and

σ
(
v
sin
i
)
=
11

km

s

−
1

for MRS, and σ(T
eff) = 1642 K,

σ
(
log
g
)
=
0.25

dex, and

σ
(
v
sin
i
)
=
42

km

s

−
1

for LRS spectra, respectively. We note that the parameters of T
eff,

log
g

, and [M/H] can be better constrained using LRS spectra than using MRS spectra, most likely due to their broad wavelength coverage, while

v
sin
i

is constrained better by MRS spectra than by LRS spectra, probably due to the relatively accurate line profiles of MRS spectra.
Culturally Adapted Psychoeducation among Family Caregivers of Schizophrenic Clients: A Scoping Review
Authors: Rafiyah Imas , Suryani Suryani , Rahayuwati Laili , Suttharangsee Wandee
Published: December 2021

Background: As psychoeducation was originally developed from Western, this intervention should be integrated with a culture to obtain effective outcomes. However, how culturally adapted psychoeducation on family caregivers of schizophrenic client developed in previous studies has not been systematically documented. The purpose of this review was to map culturally adapted psychoeducation in previous studies.

Methods: This scoping review followed Arksey & O'Malley approach. Inclusion criteria including family caregiver, culture, psychoeducation, schizophrenia. Non-primary and non-experiment studies, non-English language and non-free articles were excluded. Advanced search technique used keywords family caregiver, culture, psychoeducation, schizophrenia on CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycInfo databases. Screening was done by checking duplication, title, and abstract. Full text of relevant articles was read in detail to select eligible articles. Selection results were described in the PRISMA flow chart. Data were analyzed after these were extracted and resumed on the table.  

Result: A total of 8 studies were included in this review. More than half of  articles used randomized control trial (RCT) but these studies did not conduct follow up. Most of studies were  in Asia (6) and it conducted  in the outpatient department (6). Almost all studies modified multifamily group psychoeducation with culture theories. The longest duration of intervention was 12 months. Multidiscipline health professional delivered the intervention and most of the were psychiatrist. Coping was the most family caregiver outcomes in reviewed studies.

Conclusion: In conclusion, limited studies were obtained in various ethnics and ways. Further studies need to measure effectiveness of the intervention in long term effect.
The Quality of Pharmaceutical Services in the New Normal Era on Outpatient Loyalty at the Pharmacy Installation of the Daya General Hospital
Authors: Handayany Gemy Nastity
Published: December 2021

Background: The quality of pharmaceutical services is an important factor in ensuring the quality of health services in hospitals. In this current era of the new normal, improving the quality of pharmaceutical services is closely related to patient satisfaction and loyalty. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of pharmaceutical service quality on loyalty through mediating outpatient satisfaction at the Pharmacy Installation of Daya General Hospital. Method: This research was a quantitative study with an analytical observational study design. Respondents in this study were 120 outpatients at the Pharmacy Installation. The data analysis method used was univariate and bivariate analysis through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program and multivariate Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the AMOS program. Results: Satisfaction affected the loyalty of outpatients at the Pharmacy Installation. The most dominant indicator was feeling satisfied in the satisfaction variable, with a loading factor of 0.93. In the loyalty variable, the most dominant indicator was the loyalty aspect, with a loading factor of 0.41. The direct effect of pharmaceutical service quality on loyalty was 0.550, while the indirect effect mediated by patient satisfaction was 0.303. Conclusion: The direct effect was greater than the indirect effect of service quality on the loyalty of outpatients at Daya General Hospital.
The Impact of Medical Therapeutic Communication Effectiveness on the Quality of the Medical Service Process in Hospitals at Medan City, Indonesia
Authors: Lubis Arfah Mardiana , Nasution Harmein , Zulfendri Zulfendri , Juanita Juanita
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Many individuals from Medan City, Indonesia, seek treatment abroad. This is because they are dissatisfied with the medical services provided at hospitals in their city, especially those for internal medicine, heart disease, and obstetrics-gynecology (Ob-Gyn). The attitude to seek treatment outside of the city may be because of ineffective medical therapeutic communication. However, a questionnaire to assess medical therapeutic communication from the patient’s perspective is lacking.
AIM: Here, we sought to determine the effectiveness of medical therapeutic communication on the quality of the medical service process in hospitals. We also aimed to obtain statement items that can be used in a questionnaire to assess the effectiveness of medical therapeutic communication in hospitals at Medan City.
METHODS: This cross-sectional quantitative research was conducted in three Medan City hospitals. Accidental sampling was used to select patients. Overall, 121 patients from internal medicine polyclinic, 88 from cardiac polyclinic, and 121 from obstetrician polyclinic were selected. All data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with the second-order model two-stage approach.
RESULTS: The outer and inner model tests indicated that 6 statement items from Ob-Gyn specialists could be used as measurements with robustness and accuracy. The hypothesis test also proved that the effectiveness of medical therapeutic communication impacts the quality of the medical service process in Ob-Gyn polyclinics. The PLS-SEM analysis revealed that the effectiveness of medical therapeutic communication affected the quality of the medical service process only in the Ob-Gyn polyclinic.
CONCLUSION: Therefore, medical staff at the Ob-Gyn polyclinics must focus more on listening to patient complaints with empathy and sympathy so that the patients feel better. Medical staff must also be forthright about the patient’s condition and explain the disease, examination, and treatment steps in an interesting way and in a soft tone such that patients can re-explain. Hospital management can use these six statement items to assess the medical therapeutic communication effectiveness in Ob-Gyn polyclinics from patients’ perspective.
Status and life strategy of Orchis punctulata Steven ex Lindl. (Orchidaceae) in the South-Eastern Crimea 
Authors: Letukhova Viktoria Yu. , Potapenko Irina L.
Published: December 2021

This article presents the results of the population studies of rare protected species Orchis punctulata (Orchidaceae). Based on analysis of local floras in eastern and southeastern Crimea and personal observations, we identified the three most numerous populations of O. punctulata: two in the steppe (on the Tepe-Oba mountain ridge) and one in forest communities (on the Kiziltash mountain ridge). The ontogenetic, demographic, and vitality structures of the populations were studied. We also assessed the life strategies of the species in different habitats. The populations in steppe communities were characterized by high number and density parameters. O. punctulate often formed large clusters and was dominated here. A small number and low density characterized the population in the forest community; the distribution of individuals within the population was scattered. The age spectra were also different. The populations in steppe communities had a left-sided spectrum with a maximum in immature individuals, while in forest communities, it had a bimodal spectrum with maximums in generative (with a predominance of mature and old generative) and immature individuals. Specimens from forest communities were more extensive than those of steppe communities, they had longer leaves and inflorescences, and their inflorescences had a more significant number of flowers. As a result, the population in the forest community had a higher vitality index. It included individuals of the highest and middle class of vitality. The populations in the steppe community consisted of all classes of vitality or only of middle and lower classes. Thus, optimal environmental conditions for the growth of species are in forests. At the same time, a low level of regeneration and competition from other plants hinder its wide distribution. As a result, the species exserts as a phytocenotic patient (S-strategy). In steppe communities, the species is characterized by a mixed patient-explerant-violant strategy (SRC strategy).