bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting B cell maturation antigen in multiple myeloma
Authors: Fang Yi , Hou Jian
Published: January 2021

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy, and is characterized by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells. Despite the recent improvement in patient outcome due to the use of novel therapeutic agents and stem cell transplantation, all patients eventually relapse due to clone evolution. B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is highly expressed in and specific for MM cells, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis as well as treatment development for MM. In this review, we will summarize representative anti-BCMA immune therapeutic strategies, including BCMA-targeted vaccines, anti-BCMA antibodies and BCMA-targeted CAR cells. Combination of different immunotherapeutic strategies of targeting BCMA, multi-target immune therapeutic strategies, and adding immune modulatory agents to normalize anti-MM immune system in minimal residual disease (MRD) negative patients, will also be discussed.
The risks of liver injury in COVID-19 patients and pharmacological management to reduce or prevent the damage induced
Authors: Vitiello Antonio , La Porta Raffaele , D’Aiuto Vilma , Ferrara Francesco
Published: January 2021

Background

The global pandemic COVID-19 caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has already caused about 1.4 million deaths, and to date, there are no effective or direct antiviral vaccines. Some vaccines are in the last stages of testing. Overall mortality rates vary between countries, for example, from a minimum of 0.05% in Singapore to a maximum of 9.75 in Mexico; however, mortality and severity of COVID-19 are higher in the elderly and in those with comorbidities already present such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease.

Main text

Recent evidence has shown that an underlying liver disease can also be a risk factor, and SARS-CoV-2 itself can cause direct or indirect damage to liver tissue through multisystem inflammation generated especially in the more severe stages. In the current pandemic, liver dysfunction has been observed in 14–53% of patients with severe COVID-19. In addition, drugs administered during infection may be an additional factor of liver damage. The mechanism of cellular penetration of the virus that occurs by viral entry is through the receptors of the angiotensin 2 conversion enzyme (ACE-2) host that are abundantly present in type II pneumocytes, heart cells, but also liver cholangiocytes.

Conclusion

In this manuscript, we describe the clinical management aimed at preserving the liver or reducing the damage caused by COVID-19 and anti-COVID-19 drug treatments.
Complete and representative training of neural networks: A generalization study using double noise injection and natural images
Authors: Zhang Chao , van der Baan Mirko
Published: January 2021

Neural networks hold substantial promise for automating various processing and interpretation tasks. Yet, their performance is often suboptimal compared with standard but more closely guided approaches. The lack of performance is often attributed to poor generalization, in particular if fewer training examples are provided than free parameters that exist in the machine-learning algorithm. In this case, the training data are typically memorized instead of the algorithm learning the underlying general trends. The network generalization is improved if the provided samples are representative, in that they describe all features of interest well. We argue that a more subtle condition preventing poor performance is that the provided examples must also be complete; the examples must span the full solution space. Ensuring completeness during training is challenging unless the target application is well understood. We illustrate that one possible solution is to make the problem more general if this greatly increases the number of available training data. For instance, if seismic images are treated as a subclass of natural images, then a deep-learning-based denoiser for seismic data can be trained using exclusively natural images. The latter are widely available. The resulting denoising algorithm has never seen any seismic data during the training stage, yet it displays performance comparable with standard and advanced random-noise reduction methods. We exclude any seismic data during training to demonstrate that natural images are complete and representative for this specific task. Furthermore, we apply a novel approach to increase the amount of training data known as double noise injection, providing noisy input and output images during the training process. Given the importance of network generalization, we hope that the insights that we gained may help improve the performance of a range of machine-learning applications in geophysics.
Molded Vial Manufacturing and Its Impact on Heat Transfer during Freeze-Drying: Vial Geometry Considerations
Authors: Wenzel Tim , Gieseler Henning
Published: January 2021

Recent advances in molded vial manufacturing enabled manufacturers to use a new manufacturing technique to achieve superior homogeneity of the vial wall thickness. This study evaluated the influence of the different manufacturing techniques of molded vials and glass compositions on vial heat transfer in freeze-drying. Additionally, the influence of using empty vials as thermal shielding on thermal characteristics of edge and center vials was investigated. The vial heat transfer coefficient Kv was determined gravimetrically for multiple vial systems. The results showed superior heat transfer characteristics of the novel manufacturing technique as well as differences in heat transfer for the different glass compositions. Empty vials on the outside of the array did not influence center vial Kv values compared to a full array. The direct contact area and vial bottom curvature and their correlation to heat transfer parameters were analyzed across multiple vial systems. A new approach based on light microscopy to describe the vial bottom curvature more accurately was described. The presented results for the contact area allowed for an approximation of the pressure-independent heat transfer parameter KC. The results for the vial bottom curvature showed a great correlation to the pressure-dependent heat transfer parameter KD. Overall, the results highlighted how a thorough geometrical characterization of vials with known heat transfer characteristics could be used to predict thermal characteristics of new vial systems as an alternative to a time-consuming gravimetric Kv determination. Primary drying times were simulated to show the influence of Kv on drying performance.
Drosophila model of anti-retroviral therapy induced peripheral neuropathy and nociceptive hypersensitivity
Authors: Bush Keegan M. , Barber Kara R. , Martinez Jade A. , Tang Shao-Jun , Wairkar Yogesh P.
Published: January 2021

The success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the survival of HIV-infected patients significantly. However, significant numbers of patients on ART whose HIV disease is well controlled show peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN), suggesting that ART may cause PSN. Although the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), one of the vital components of ART, are thought to contribute to PSN, the mechanisms underlying the PSN induced by NRTIs are unclear. In this study, we developed a Drosophila model of NRTI-induced PSN that recapitulates the salient features observed in patients undergoing ART: PSN and nociceptive hypersensitivity. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that pathways known to suppress PSN induced by chemotherapeutic drugs are ineffective in suppressing the PSN or nociception induced by NRTIs. Instead, we found that increased dynamics of a peripheral sensory neuron may possibly underlie NRTI-induced PSN and nociception. Our model provides a solid platform in which to investigate further mechanisms of ART-induced PSN and nociceptive hypersensitivity.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Για το βιβλίο: Nicolas Demertzis (2020). The Political Sociology of Emotions. Essays on Trauma and Ressentiment. London: Routledge
Authors: Καραποστόλης Βασίλης
Published: January 2021

N/A
Η εφαρμογή του προγράμματος προαγωγής ψυχικής υγείας «Μπορώ να Λύσω το Πρόβλημα» σε δημόσια νηπιαγωγεία στην Ελλάδα: Αποτελέσματα του πρώτου χρόνου
Authors: Χίου Βάνα , Ζήση Αναστασία , Ξανθάκου Γιώτα , Σαπουνά Μαρία , Καΐλα Μαρία
Published: January 2021

A mental health promotion intervention program called “I Can Problem Solve” (Shure, 2000) aiming at enhancing interpersonal - cognitive problem solving skills was implemented for first time among preschool children (4-6 aged) attended kindergarten schools in Greece. An experimental repeated measures research design was employed to test over a period of two years; a) cognitive skills of alternative solutions and consequences to hypotheticalinterpersonal problems, and b) social skills and problem behaviors. The first year’s results indicate significant improvements in both cognitive skills for the children joined the experimental research group. The clinical implications of the study are discussed.
Κοινωνικές αξίες νέων παραβατών: Διερευνητική μελέτη
Authors: Λαμπρίδης Ευθύμιος , Δελαβέκουρα Αικατερίνη
Published: January 2021

The present, exploratory, study aims to investigate the social values of juvenile delinquents under the light of the social values theory proposed by S. Schwartz. Its main objectives are: First, to examine the structure of social values of juvenile delinquents. Second, to highlight possible relations between social values priorities and a number of demographic variables such as gender, educational level and type of crime. For this reason juvenile delinquents (N = 130) which are under probation completed a self-reported questionnaire composed of the Social Values Survey (SVS, Schwartz, 1992) and a form of demographic data. Smallest space analysis revealed 10 distinct value types, equivalent to those proposed by Schwartz’s model. Value types of benevolence, hedonism and self-direction were found to be of highest priority, whereas value types such as power and tradition were found to be the less guiding principles in our participants’ lives. Statistically significant differences were detected with respect to gender and not with respect to educational level and type of crime. In every case the prioritization of value types was the same. This particular finding taken together with relative findings regarding social values in Greece pinpoints that juvenile delinquents share common values and value priorities with non delinquents of similar age.
Description of the basic psychometric characteristics and the factor structure of the Greek version of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory
Authors: Καρακούλα Παρασκευή , Τριλίβα Σοφία , Τσαούσης Ιωάννης
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the basic psychometric properties of the Greek version of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI; Pincus, Ansell, Pimentel, Cain, Wright & Levy, 2009). The PNI is a self-report scale recently developed to measure both narcissistic grandiosity (Exploitativeness, Grandiose Fantasy, Self-sacrificing Selfenhancement)and narcissistic vulnerability (Contingent Self-esteem, Hiding the Self, Devaluing, Entitlement rage). The English version of the PNI was translated to Greek and administered to 283 University students.Confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate its factor structure in the Greek sample. Several models were evaluated: a. the initial seven-factor first-order model, b. three second-order models with two secondorder latent factors (Grandiosity, Vulnerability), c. three second-order models with three higher order latent factors (Grandiosity, Vulnerability, Malignancy). Goodness-of-fit indices showed better fit for the seven-factor structure, however, acceptable fit was also achieved for most of the second-order models as well. Reliability coefficients were within the acceptable standards for all subscales. The models are evaluated theoretically and the advantages of assessing narcissism in Greece with the PNI are discussed.
Διερευνώντας τη σχέση μεταξύ της Ειδικής Γλωσσικής Διαταραχής και της Δυσλεξίας: θεωρητικές και κλινικές προεκτάσεις
Authors: Ράλλη Ασημίνα Μ. , Παληκαρά Ολυμπία
Published: January 2021

In this study, we tested the predictions of two opposing perspectives on the nature of the deficit in Specific Language Impairment (SLI): the language delay approach, and the view that the language development of SLI children is qualitatively different from typically developing children populations. Data consisted of the elicited production of pronominal object clitics from monolingual and bilingual SLI children with various language pairs (Greek always being the children’s second language); younger, typically developing, bilingual language peers, and monolingual Greek-speaking comparison groups. We analyzed the children’s accurate responses and error-types in clitic production. Both SLI groups had more difficulty with clitics in comparison to typically-developing, chronological age-matched peers, while SLI children performed similarly with their younger, unaffected monolingual and bilingual peers. We argue that these findings provide support to the language delay approach and present challenges to the role of bilingualism in SLI.
Ενισχύοντας τους Γονείς στο Ρόλο τους: Μια πιλοτική ομάδα μητέρων παιδιών σχολικής ηλικίας στην Κοινότητα
Authors: Οικονόμου Μαρίνα , Τσαλιάγκου Ειρήνη , Γερουλάνου Κλειώ , Πέππου Λίλη , Στεφάνης Κωνσταντίνος
Published: January 2021

Quality of family life is one of the most important factors in the prevention of psychological disorders in children and adolescents. The present study describes and evaluates a pilot intervention, targeting a group of parents of elementary school-aged children. The intervention focused on primary prevention of disorders through promoting mental health and strengthening protective factors for positive family functioning. Sessions took place at the Community Mental Health Center of UMHRI and lasted one school year. The group, which consisted of seven mothers, was conducted bimonthly, and was facilitated by two psychologists. The topics of the 13 sessions were predetermined and were chosen based on the needs of the participating mothers and on the developmental stage of their children. The intervention was evaluated through a mixed methodology approach; quantitatively through the administration of a satisfaction questionnaire at the end of the program, and qualitatively through semi-structured observations conducted during the course of the intervention. The results signify the importance of supporting parents in their role. All mothers reported being very satisfied from the group and feeling more able to respond to the demands of their parental role as well as to the needs of their children.Additionally, the group process signified certain themes that are important to parents, such as the influence of the school and its teachers on their children’s lives. The encouraging results of this pilot study lead to the wider implementation of similar such interventions in the community.
Μάθηση της ορθογραφημένης γραφής της ελληνικής γλώσσας: στρατηγικές που χρησιμοποιούν οι μαθητές της Α’ τάξης στη γραφή
Authors: Σαρρής Μενέλαος , Πόρποδας Κωνσταντίνος
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the present study was to explore spelling development and spelling strategies employed by novice Greek spellers. Overall, 50 children were assessed throughout the first year of schooling in three testing sessions (Phase 1: November - December, Phase 2: February - March, Phase 3: May-June). The study was based on error measurements of spelling-to-dictation of isolated words. Spelling accuracy was calculated in terms of both phonologically and orthographically correct outputs. The material chosen were 72 words (with or without multi-letter graphemes) from the basic vocabulary of the language textbooks for primary school pupils of Grade A. Theresults are generally consistent with the view that at the initial phases children mainly utilize phonological knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences when spelling, while at the end of Primary A they beginto employ mnemonic strategies in spelling.
Infants’ intermodal perception of numerosity in an experimental study with objects and socially salient stimuli
Authors: Tsourtou Vasiliki
Published: January 2021

In the present cross-sectional experimental study we investigated infants’ early ability to intermodally detect numerosity of visual-auditory object-like and social stimuli. We assumed that presentation of face – voice stimuli would distract infants’ attention from detection of numerical invariant. Seventy-eight infants (aged 5, 7 and 9 months) participated in four experimental Conditions (simultaneously projected pairs of identical objects, non-identical objects, objects projected together with familiar face and objects projected together with unfamiliar face). Visual stimuli in each trial varied in numerosity (1 -2 / 1-3 / 2 -3) and they were accompanied by piano sounds or voice sounds also varying in numerosity (one, two or three sounds in La tonality). By means of preferential looking technique, we measured infants’ fixation of attention to the visual stimulus that numerically matched with the sound. When object-like stimuli were projected, infants –except 5-month-old boys –tended to intermodally detect numerical invariant. Shape similarity of the objects facilitated infants’ intermodal detection of numerosity. When socially salient stimuli were co-presented with object-like stimuli, infants preferred to look at the face, ignoring numerosity of the auditory stimulus. Nor sound quality (piano vs. voice) neither familiarity of the face (mother’s face vs. stranger woman’s face) affected infants’ perception. Although intermodal detection of perceptual cues is a primary function of both face and number perception, each one of these perceptual systems seems to follow a different developmental path.
Θεραπεία μέσα από την εκπαίδευση και εκπαίδευση μέσα από τη θεραπεία σε ομάδα
Authors: Ναυρίδης Κλήμης
Published: January 2021

Under the spectrum of psychoanalytic theory and in particular Bion’s theory on thought, this paper highlights a number of basic similarities between the educational and the therapeutic experience within a group. This means that, on a personal as well as interpersonal level, both experiences deal with various processes involving production and the subjective conquest of sense, in association with the notions of historicity and inter-subjectivity.Moreover, the paper examines whether, and in what sense, the inter-subjective educational experience may be considered to have collateral therapeutic results, and whether the members of a group can also reapeducational benefits within the group therapy environment.
Immigrant and Refugee Adolescents’ Resilient Adaptation: Who does well and why?
Authors: Motti-Stefanidi Frosso , Pavlopoulos Vassilis , Papathanasiou Nancy , Mastrotheodoros Stefanos
Published: January 2021

Resilient adaptation of immigrant and refugee youth in receiving societies is consequential for the wellbeing of the youth and the prosperity of the receiving societies. Yet there is significant diversity in their adaptation. The central question addressed in this article is: “Who among immigrant and refugee youth do well and why?” To address this question, we present an integrative model for conceptualizing immigrant-youth resilience, which integrates developmental, acculturation, and social psychological perspectives. This resilience framework frames research on the basis of two key questions: First, what challenges immigrant youths’ adaptation? Second, what resources protect their positive adaptation? Accordingly, we present scientific evidence regarding the influence of immigration-specific challenges and contextual and individual-level resources on their positive adaptation. Extant evidence suggests that focusing on strengths and resilience, instead of on weaknesses and psychological symptoms, among immigrant and refugee youth may have significant implications for policy and practice.
Παραβατικότητα σε αθλητικά πλαίσια: Προβλεπτικοί παράγοντες για αθλητές και φιλάθλους
Authors: Θωμά Μαρία , Ιωάννου Μύρια , Σταυρινίδης Παναγιώτης
Published: January 2021

A considerable number of delinquent behaviors presented by young people do happen in the context of sport events. The present study aims to (a) examine the impact of the involvement in an athletic team, either as a fan or as an athlete, on delinquent behaviors and (b) investigate team identification as a predictive factor of the involvement in delinquent behaviors. The study followed a cross-sectional design. The participants were 222 participants with a mean age of 23,5 years who  completed a self-report questionnaire measuring the extent of involvement in sports and sport events, the levels of general delinquent behaviors outside of sport events and delinquent behaviors in sport events, and the degree of team identification. Based on the regression analyses performed, the present study supports that both athletes and fans were significantly involved in delinquent behaviors happening in the context of sport events. Being identified with your team was a statistically significant predictor of the delinquent behaviors of fans, even for those with low overall delinquency outside of sport events. The findings of the present study have practical implications and the discussion emphasizes on the need to develop suitable, research-informed interventions to reduce delinquent behaviors taking place in sport events.
Exposure to a severe illness prototype, perceptions of severity, and coping responses
Authors: Karademas Evangelos C. , Thomadakis Christoforos
Published: January 2021

The aim of this experimental study was to examine the relationship of exposure to a lung cancer illness prototype to perceptions of illness severity, illness recognition, and coping responses. Two hundred and ten students were presented with Scenarios of a person suffering from lung cancer-related symptoms. Participants were randomly assigned in two groups: half were asked to think of themselves as the patient, and half of “someone else they know”. After each Scenario, participants were asked to respond to a set of questions regarding the perceived severity of symptoms, potential coping actions, and illness recognition. Repeated Measures MANOVAs, moderation analyses, correlations, and chi-square tests were used to analyse the data. According to the results, gradual exposure to more severe symptoms was related to increased perceived illness severity, increased possibility of using an active coping plan (e.g., care seeking), and more accurate illness recognition. Perceived illness severity was related to more active coping. Still, most participants inaccurately recognized an acute disorder in the majority of Scenarios. Participants in the other-person-group reported greater possibility of using active coping. The findings provide support to several of the Common Sense Model suggestions regarding the role of illness prototypes. They also indicate that illness prototypes are flexible, dynamic constructs that vary according to the specific aspects of the condition.
Growth, production and feed conversion performance of the gurami sago (Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1801) strain in different aquaculture systems
Authors: Azrita Azrita , Aryani Netti , Mardiah Ainul , Syandri Hafrijal
Published: January 2021

Background: Giant gourami ( Osphronemus goramy, Osphronemidae), belonging to gurami sago strain, is an important economic fish species that was newly released for domestication in 2018 in Indonesia. The present study aimed to determine the growth, production and feed conversion efficiency of gurami sago strain in different aquaculture systems.

Methods: A mean of 240 juveniles were stocked (initial weight mean, 54.53 g and length 13.88 cm) into concrete ponds, ﬂoating net cages and earthen freshwater ponds (12 m3) with three replicates of each. The juveniles were fed a floating commercial pellet diet containing 30% crude protein and 5% crude lipids. Feed was supplied at 3% of fish biomass per day throughout the 90 days of the experiment. The research was conducted in the area surrounding Lake Maninjau of Indonesia.

Results: After 90 days, the mean weight of ﬁsh reared in concrete ponds was 166.86 g, floating net cages was 179.51 g and earthen freshwater ponds was 149.89 g. The mean final biomass was 37.64 kg for concrete ponds, 41.27 kg for floating net cages, and 33.72 kg for earthen freshwater ponds. The specific growth rates (%/day) for concrete ponds, floating net cages and earthen freshwater ponds were 0.67, 0.75 and 0.62, respectively. The feed conversion rates were 1.45 for concrete ponds, 1.30 for floating net cages and 1.87 for earthen freshwater ponds. The net yields (kg mˉ3) were 2.05 for concrete ponds, 2.27 for floating net cages, and 1.73 for earthen freshwater ponds. The exponents (b) of the length–weight relationship were calculated for concrete ponds (1.0146), floating net cages (1.2641), and earthen freshwater ponds (1.0056).

Conclusion: The study showed that the growth performance, production and feed conversion efficiency of the gurami sago strain were the best found in floating net cages and considered a new aquaculture system in the future.
Impact of diagnostic accuracy on the estimation of excess mortality from incidence and prevalence: simulation study and application to diabetes in German men
Authors: Brinks Ralph , Tönnies Thaddäus , Hoyer Annika
Published: January 2021

Aggregated data about the prevalence and incidence of chronic conditions is becoming more and more available. We recently proposed a method to estimate the age-specific excess mortality in chronic conditions from aggregated age-specific prevalence and incidence data. Previous works showed that in age groups below 50 years, estimates from this method were unstable or implausible. In this article, we examine how limited diagnostic accuracy in terms of sensitivity and specificity affects the estimates. We use a simulation study with two settings, a low and a high prevalence setting, and assess the relative importance of sensitivity and specificity. It turns out that in both settings, specificity, especially in the younger age groups, dominates the quality of the estimated excess mortality. The findings are applied to aggregated claims data comprising the diagnoses of diabetes from about 35 million men in the German Statutory Health Insurance. Key finding is that specificity in the lower age groups (<50 years) can be derived without knowing the sensitivity. The false-positive ratio in the claims data increases linearly from 0.5 per mil at age 25 to 2 per mil at age 50.

As a conclusion, our findings stress the importance of considering diagnostic accuracy when estimating excess mortality from aggregated data using the method to estimate excess mortality. Especially the specificity in the younger age-groups should be carefully taken into account.
Administracja Apostolska Łemkowszczyzny w świetle dokumentów polskiego Ministerstwa Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego z lipca 1939 r.
Authors: Zięba Andrzej A.
Published: January 2021

РезумеАпостольска Адміністрация Лемковщины в документах польского Міністерства Віроісповідань і Публичного Просвіщыня з липця 1939 р.

Зараз пред початком другой світовой войны, в липци і серпни 1939 р., польскій уряд выступил до Апостольской Столиці зо старанями, жебы усунути дотеперішнього адміністратора Апостольской Адміністрациі Лемковщины, о. Якова Медвецкого і покликати нового. Кандидатом на тото становиско был римокатолицкій священник з могылівской архієпархіі, ксьондз Антоні Около-Кулак. В статі аналізуваны сут обставины тых старань, одношыня до них двох ватиканьскых достойників (кард. Ежена Тіссерана і ґенерала єзуітів Влодзімєжа Ледуховского) а тіж представлены сут силуеты самого кандидата і ініциятора акциі, Генрика Дунін-Борковского, директора Департаменту Віроісповідань і Публичного Просвіщыня.
Architektura cerkiewna na Łemkowynie w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym
Authors: Nowak Damian
Published: January 2021

РезумеЦерковна архітектура на Лемковині в меджевоєнным періоді Сакральный архітектонічный краєвид Лемковины значучо ся змінил в періоді меджевоєнного двадцетлітя. На місце традицийных форм пришли новы, якы навязували до історизму і модернізму. На потребы допису выділено три групы церкви. Першом є група церкви, якы зачали будувати іщы перед І світовом войном або в час єй тырваня, але скінчыли уж в меджевоєнным періоді. Другом сут церкви вознесены в місце знищеных обєктів в час воєнных діянь в 1914-1915 рр. Третю групу становлят церкви вознесены як натуральный будовляный рух. В статі коротко омовлено тіж квестиі консерваторской охороны памятників церковной архітектуры на Лемковині.
Dynamic Server Assignment in Multiclass Queues with Shifts, with Applications to Nurse Staffing in Emergency Departments
Authors: Chan Carri W. , Huang Michael , Sarhangian Vahid
Published: January 2021

Dynamic Scheduling Under the Shift Constraint
Credit-Based Mobility Management Considering Travelers’ Budgeting Behaviors Under Uncertainty
Authors: Lin Xi , Yin Yafeng , He Fang
Published: January 2021

This study analyzes the performance of a credit-based mobility management scheme considering travelers’ budgeting behaviors for credit consumption under uncertainty. In the scheme, government agencies periodically distribute a certain number of credits to travelers; travelers must pay a credit charge for driving to complete their trips. Otherwise, they can take public transit free of credit charge. Consequently, within a credit-releasing cycle, travelers must budget their credit consumption to fulfill their mobility needs. Such budgeting behaviors can be viewed as a multistage decision-making process under uncertainty. Considering a transportation system with a credit scheme, we propose parsimonious models to investigate how the uncertainty associated with individual mobility needs and the subsequent travelers’ credit-budgeting behavior influence the multistage equilibrium of the transportation system, as well as the performance of the credit scheme on managing the transportation system. Both analytical and numerical results suggest that travelers tend to restrict their credit consumption in the early stage of a credit-releasing cycle to hedge against the risks associated with using up all credits, which compromises the performances of credit-based schemes. Moreover, a negative attitude toward risk aggravates the discrepancy between the credit consumption of the early and late stages. Last, we propose a contingency credit scheme to mitigate the negative impact incurred by travelers’ budgeting behaviors.
Socialisation, masculinity and adolescence
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: January 2021

The rigid and persistent stereotypes regarding gender can be perpetuated through a lack of socialisation and sensitisation of teenage boys to this issue, resulting in increased risk behaviours for men that begin in adolescence.
School readiness: The importance of a multi-agency approach
Authors: Henty Neil
Published: January 2021

The transiton to school from the home or early years setting is a crucial time in a child's life. Public health nurses and early years professionals have a crucial role to play in ensuring that children are ready for school entry. In this first part of a two-part series, Neil Henty looks at the definitions of school readiness and the factors affecting it.
Can I refuse the coronavirus vaccine?
Authors: Buxton Sarah
Published: January 2021

Solicitor Sarah Buxton considers the implications for dental nurses
From hero to zero waste
Authors: Richards Emma-Louise
Published: January 2021

Former dental nurse Emma-Louise Richards talks about her new venture – opening a plastic-free store in her home town
Dental radiography – and you
Authors: Anastasio Adriana
Published: January 2021

Adriana Anastasio considers what has changed in safety and guidance
Smile appeal
Authors: O'Neill Maxwell
Published: January 2021

Why has tooth whitening been such an enduring fascination?
New possibilities in dental nursing through 3D printing
Authors: Praderi Elisa
Published: January 2021

Dr Elisa Praderi assesses the landscape to reveal opportunities for you to enhance the patient experience
Mycoplasma bovis, thoughts on diseases, treatments, control and prevention
Authors: Mason Colin
Published: January 2021

Clinical disease associated with Mycoplasma bovis is been seen more commonly on farm in recent years. This short summary highlights some of the key points to consider for managing and preventing cases on farm.
Would a veterinary surgeon manage COVID-19 this way?
Authors: Sibley RJ
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 is a basic viral respiratory disease causing a pandemic because of its high infectivity of the pathogen and low resilience of the host. Infectious diseases of farm animals are common, and veterinary surgeons are well averse to managing such diseases by following the basic principles of biosecurity, biocontainment, surveillance and resilience. Such principles can be applied to the management of COVID-19 in the human population.
Revisiting bovine respiratory disease
Authors: Potter Tim
Published: January 2021

Despite significant investment and years of research bovine respiratory disease remains a significant economic and welfare issue to the cattle industry worldwide. The risk factors are well known and developments in preventative medicines, effective treatments and more recently technology to aid detection should enable us to better control the disease. In this review we will consider the barriers we face to adoption and how we as veterinary surgeons can work better with our clients to bring about lasting change on farm which will deliver effective control of this disease
The impact of COVID-19 on people with learning disabilities
Authors: Halliwell Amanda
Published: January 2021

A disproportionate number of people with learning disabilities died from COVID-19 in England during the spring. Amanda Halliwell reviews Public Health England's report.
The Potential for Effective Training of Logging Truck Drivers
Authors: Smidt Mathew F. , Mitchell Dana , Logan Kristi K.
Published: January 2021

Highlights

Commercial truck drivers are a significant component of the logging workforce, and driver qualifications are an important component of managing risk.

Some error types important in crash causation involve cognitive factors, which are effectively addressed by lecture or on-line training.

There is evidence for the effectiveness of lecture-type driver training as an intervention for managing fatigue, situational awareness, and driving behavior.

Adoption of trained behavior is supported by individual factors, a company safety culture, and supervisor feedback.

Abstract. The logging industry relies on owner-operators and employed commercial drivers, who comprise up to 40% of logging employment, to transport products from the forest to the mill gate. Truck drivers are exposed to many of the same risks as logging workers as well as additional risks from vehicle crashes. Vehicle crash risks contribute to risk of personal injury and liability related to public safety, which are critical reasons for enhancing driver qualifications. Driver qualifications can be influenced by hiring better drivers and improving drivers’ skills through training even after they have received their commercial driver’s license. To explore the effectiveness of driver training in the logging industry, we reviewed studies of commercial driver training assessment and training interventions that included lectures (on-line or in-person) as a main component. Decision errors and violations are important in crash causation and involve cognitive skills, which are addressed by this type of training. Additionally, lecture training is more accessible than behind-the-wheel or simulator training for logging operations that employ just a few drivers. In their efforts to improve driver qualifications, large commercial carriers often provide driver training, reinforce the training through monitoring, and rely heavily on driver selection. The literature supports the effectiveness of training related to cognitive factors, including fatigue management, behavior, and situational awareness. Successful lecture training interventions are accompanied by individual feedback or coaching. Training that produces measurable outcomes (behavior or crash risk) is supported by a suite of factors involving the trainee, the training, and the company or supervisor. Keywords: Commercial vehicles, Logging, Training, Trucking.
Exploring Farm Parenting Styles and Child Agricultural Injury
Authors: Rudolphi Josie M. , Barnes Katherine L. , Kieke Burney , Koshalek Kyle , Bendixsen Casper
Published: January 2021

Highlights

Over a third of respondents (34.3%) reported a child agricultural injury.

About 41% of parents were classified as authoritative (high level of involvement and control), 35.7% as uninvolved, 13.3% as permissive, and 10% as authoritarian.

In our sample of farm parents, authoritative parenting is protective against risk-taking behaviors in childhood as well as reducing potential injury among children.

Abstract. Four distinct parenting styles have been described: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved. Parenting styles have been associated with a myriad of child safety and health outcomes. However, the association between parenting style and child agricultural injury has not been explored. This study was conducted among farm parents in Wisconsin and Pennsylvania using a self-administered paper questionnaire. Parents responded to items inquiring about parenting styles, previous child agricultural injuries, personal demographics, and farm characteristics. A total of 238 farm parents responded to the survey. Over a third of respondents (34.3%) reported a child agricultural injury. About 41% of parents were classified as authoritative (demonstrating a high level of involvement and control), 35.7% as uninvolved, 13.3% as permissive, and 10% as authoritarian. In the univariable analyses of parenting style, notable elevations in child injury rates occurred for the authoritarian (RR = 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08 to 3.58, p = 0.0274) and uninvolved (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.50, p = 0.0506) categories as compared to the referent category of authoritative. In the multivariable analyses that were adjusted for confounding variables, the magnitude of the corresponding RR estimates were less dramatic, although a 69% elevation was still present for the authoritarian parenting style (RR = 1.69, 95% CI 0.91 to 3.15, p = 0.0975). The results of this study contribute to the growing body of literature suggesting that authoritative parenting is protective against risk-taking behaviors in childhood as well as reducing potential injury among children. Clinicians and safety experts should consider parenting styles when developing child agricultural injury prevention resources or interventions. Keywords: Children, Health, Injury prevention, Parenting styles, Safety.
Accurate subpixel shifting of point spread functions
Authors: Parab Rohan , Caponavi Alexander J. , Snoeyink Craig
Published: January 2021

The localization of emitters requires accurate subpixel shifting of
point spread function (PSF) models. However, the PSF recorded by the
camera is not the true PSF of the system due to integration across
finite pixels. These errors can be propagated during the shifting
process, causing systematic biases in the registration or localization
process. This letter proposes a set of filter kernels that, when
convolved with the image, accurately shifts it by an arbitrary
subpixel shift. Each pixel in the filter is represented by a
two-dimensional polynomial function of the possible x and y shift
values. These filters are effective; when tested on three different
PSFs, they reduced errors by a factor of 20 or more over PSF models
evaluated at the pixel center.
Dual-lens system in enlarging the viewing angle for the Michelson interferometer
Authors: Ye Yimin , Li Xiaodong , Feng Jiemin , Zhang Dongsheng
Published: January 2021

Shearography has been widely accepted as a non-destructive evaluation
tool in engineering. However, the field of view is usually limited due
to the use of the Michelson optical arrangement if the working
distance is strictly constrained. In order to improve efficiency, we
propose a dual-lens system to expand the view angle of the Michelson
optical arrangement. Two imaging lenses, which are entitled as the
objective lens and camera lens, are placed in front of and behind the
Michelson interferometer, respectively. The optical arrangement has
been set up and compared with the well-known 4f optical system. It is
found that the proposed optical arrangement is simple to construct,
and the brightness distribution is uniform over the whole image. The
new setup has been applied to the inspection of a cylindrical steel
shell with a rubber plate bonding on its inside surface. The debonding
defects have been evaluated using the proposed shearography system at
a working distance of 200 mm. By selecting an objective lens with a
focal length of 2.8 mm, the viewing angle was enlarged in inspecting a
field with 500 mm by 500 mm at one shot.
Dielectric property measurements of corneal tissues for computational dosimetry of the eye in terahertz band in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Mizuno Maya , Kitahara Hideaki , Sasaki Kensuke , Tani Masahiko , Kojima Masami , Suzuki Yukihisa , Tasaki Takafumi , Tatematsu Yoshinori , Fukunari Masafumi , Wake Kanako
Published: January 2021

The dielectric constant of the normal corneal tissue of a rabbit eye was obtained in vitro in the range from approximately 0.1 to 1 THz, and the drying process on the eye surface exposed to high-power terahertz waves was investigated by in vivo reflectance measurement using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. When the rabbit eye was exposed to terahertz waves at 162 GHz for 6 min with an irradiation power of 360 or 480 mW/cm2, the reflectance temporally increased and then decreased with a temperature increase. Based on multiple-reflection calculation using the dielectric constant and anterior segment optical coherence tomography images, those changes in reflectance were attributed to drying of the tear and epithelium of the cornea, respectively. Furthermore, the drying progressed over a temperature increase of around 5°C under our exposure conditions. These findings suggest that the possibility of eye damage increases with the progress of drying and that the setting of the eye surface conditions can be a cause of disagreement between computational and experimental data of absorbed energy under high-level irradiation because reflectance is related to terahertz wave penetration in the eye tissue. The time-domain spectroscopic measurements were useful for the acquisition of the dielectric constant as well as for the real-time monitoring of the eye conditions during exposure measurement.
Investigation of combining-efficiency loss induced by a diffractive optical element in a single-aperture coherent beam combining system
Authors: Liu Meizhong , Shen Hui , Yang Yifeng , Xian Yuqiao , Zhang Jingpu , Wang Hanbin , Li Binglin , Niu Xiaxia , He Bing
Published: January 2021

Filled-aperture geometries can be obtained using a diffractive optical element (DOE) in the coherent beam combining (CBC) architecture. Minimizing the beam deviation is crucial to maintain single-aperture output and reduce the combining-efficiency losses. In this study, we developed a theoretical model for investigating the combining-efficiency losses with beam deviation in a DOE-based CBC architecture. The beam deviations induced by the DOE-mount-tilt error, emitter-incident angular error, and DOE-groove-tilt error are discussed theoretically in detail and verified experimentally. The combining-efficiency losses caused by the three error sources are calculated. Meanwhile, the combining-efficiency losses affected by the beam size and the DOE period are analyzed. For an 11-channel CBC architecture with a DOE period of 50 µm and a beam size of 30 mm, the maximum combining-efficiency losses caused by the three error sources were 3.2%, 1.87%, and 36.41%, respectively, whereas those in case of a DOE period of 20 µm and a beam size of 10 mm were 14.34%, 8.58%, and 25.29%, respectively. We found that the combining-efficiency loss is most sensitive to the DOE-groove-tilt error.
Time-of-flight imaging in fog using multiple time-gated exposures
Authors: Kijima Daiki , Kushida Takahiro , Kitajima Hiromu , Tanaka Kenichiro , Kubo Hiroyuki , Funatomi Takuya , Mukaigawa Yasuhiro
Published: January 2021

We propose a time-of-flight measurement algorithm for depth and intensity that is robust to fog. The key idea of the algorithm is to compensate for the scattering effects of fog by using multiple time-gating and assigning one time-gated exposure for scattering property estimation. Once the property is estimated, the depth and intensity can be reconstructed from the rest of the exposures via a physics-based model. Several experiments with artificial fog show that our method can measure depth and intensity irrespective of the traits of the fog. We also confirm the effectiveness of our method in real fog through an outdoor experiment.
Switchable dual-band to broadband terahertz metamaterial absorber incorporating a VO2 phase transition
Authors: Lv Tingting , Dong Guohua , Qin Chunhua , Qu Jia , Lv Bo , Li Wenjia , Zhu Zheng , Li Yuxiang , Guan Chunying , Shi Jinhui
Published: January 2021

We design and demonstrate a thermally switchable terahertz metamaterial absorber consisting of an array of orthogonal coupled split-ring metal resonators involving a VO2 phase transition. Numerical results indicate that the active metamaterial always absorbs the TE wave in dual-band regardless of insulating and metallic VO2, while the insulator-to-metal phase transition enables a switchable effect between dual-band and broadband absorption of the TM wave with the resonant frequency tunability of 33%. Especially under the metallic VO2 state, the absorption properties are polarization-dependent and exhibit a switching effect between dual-band and broadband absorption with the increase of the polarization angle. The tunable absorption mechanism can be explained by effective impedance theory and electric energy density distributions. The proposed dual-band to broadband metamaterial switching absorber may have broad applications in sensors, imaging and emitters.
Photon added cat state: phase space structure and statistics
Authors: Arman  , Tyagi Gargi , Panigrahi Prasanta K.
Published: January 2021

The phase space structure and statistics of the photon added cat state are studied in the state’s general form. Photon addition leads to aπphase shift at the origin in the observed phase space interference of the Wigner function, which may serve as an error syndrome detector. The maxima and minima of the sub-Planck tiles in the phase space of the kitten state are interchanged after photon addition, leading to their orthogonality. Interestingly, photon addition to the Yurke–Stoler state characterized by Poissonian statistics leads to a sub-Poissonian distribution, which may find potential use in quantum noise reduction.
Ghost imaging influenced by a supersonic wind-induced random environment
Authors: Huang Xianwei , Nan Suqin , Tan Wei , Bai Yanfeng , Fu Xiquan
Published: January 2021

Near field airflow induced by wind is an important factor influencing imaging quality when the imaging system is placed on a moving platform with high speed, such as airborne imaging. In this Letter, ghost imaging through an airflow environment is experimentally and numerically investigated. The experiment is performed with a wind tunnel, and imaging quality decreases with wind velocity. The simulation model of ghost imaging through this kind of environment is proposed, and simulation results match well with experiments. With the model, imaging results are extended into the supersonic wind region with the effects of airflow factors discussed in detail, and a comparison between airflow and atmosphere turbulence is presented. The results can find potential applications in optical imaging and may be a powerful tool to estimate the effect of airflow on performance of the imaging system.