bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The MED-GOLD project: Advanced user-centric climate services for higher resilience and profitability in the grape and wine sector
Authors: Graça A. ,   MEDGOLD Consortium
Published: February 2019

Agriculture is primarily driven by weather. Forecast climatic conditions will further increase its vulnerability to crop failure and pest damage. Nowhere will this have consequences as dramatic as in the Mediterranean Basin. The challenge here is how to increase resilience of this complex ecological, economic, and cultural heritage in an era of decreasing resources and climate change. Climate services have the potential to support the transition towards a climate-resilient and low-carbon society. The MED-GOLD project will demonstrate the proof-of-concept for climate services in agriculture by developing case studies for three staples of the Mediterranean food system: grape, olive and durum wheat. The new climate services for agriculture developed by MED-GOLD will provide targeted information to companies that will allow them to act over longer time periods (months, seasons or even decades into the future) that go beyond the traditional 2–5 days provided by current weather forecasts. The cumulative benefit of MED-GOLD will range from enhancing agricultural management to supporting and informing policy-making at the Mediterranean, European and global levels. This is because olives, grapes, and durum wheat are grown across the globe and produce the raw materials for global food commodities such as olive oil, wine and pasta.
Molecular and morphological characterization of the grapevine cultivars “Italia” in the Ica and Cañete valleys (Peru)
Authors: Mendoza K. , Torres M.R. , Aliquo G.A. , Prieto J.A. , Grados M. , Mendiola J.
Published: February 2019

The denomination of “Uva de Italia” or “Italia” is commonly used by growers to refer to a group of varieties used from the colonial times to making abrandy of Piscowith muscat aroma. Previous work have demonstrated that Uva de Italia corresponds in fact to the variety Muscat of Alexandria, a widely spread variety around the world and in South America. However, the distinction between “Italia Dorada” and “Italia Rosada” is usually made, in allusion to the color variations observed in the berries. Our aim was to characterize 5 samples collected in vineyards from the valleys of Ica and Cañete. The genotypes were identified using 13 molecular markers of nuclear simple sequence repeat, and 23 morphological descriptors according to OIV. Our results showed that four genotypes were identified as Muscat of Alexandria while the other corresponded to variety well-known in Argentina as Moscatel Rosado or Uva Pastilla in Chile respectively. Moscatel Rosado showed functionally female flowers, with variable berries size and color in the range from greenish yellow through pink. This is the first identification of Moscatel Rosado as a variety present in the Peruvian vineyards and would allow its use in the pisco industry with distinctive aromatic characteristics.Keywords:Italia, Muscat of Alexandria, Moscatel Rosado, variety identification, parentage analysis, microsatellites, Pisco.
New insight about the functionality of oenological tannins; Main results of the working group on oenological tannins
Authors: Vignault A. , Pascual O. , Gombau J. , Jourdes M. , Moine V. , Fermaud M. , Roudet J. , Canals J.M. , Teissedre P.-L. , Zamora F.
Published: February 2019

This communication synthetize all the results obtained by the OIV working group on oenological tannins to the current date. The obtained results confirm that oenological tannins really exert a protection effect against grape juice and wine oxidation because they have antioxidant activity, they consume directly oxygen and they exert an inhibitory effect on the laccase activity. Moreover, oenological tannins also exert a copigmentation effect which can improve and protect de color of red wines.
The “Wine-T1” NMR experiment for novel wine-metabolome fingerprinting with nuclear-spin relaxation
Authors: Herbert-Pucheta J.E. , Mejía-Fonseca I. , Zepeda-Vallejo L.G. , Milmo-Brittingham D. , Maya G.P.
Published: February 2019

In agreement with the draft resolution OENO-SCMA 17-618 at step 5 “Quantitation of glucose, malic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid, shikimic acid and sorbic acid in wine using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H NMR)” said technique has been recently accepted within the OIV chair as a primary quantitative analytical technique for beverage analysis such as wine. However, poor chemical shift dispersion in1H NMR spectra severely penalizes quantification within overlapped or crowded regions. To outflank said penalization and quantify metabolites in signal overcrowding situations, the novel “Wine-T1” experiment is proposed. The novel scheme comprises the addition of a second dimension, wherein the proton spin-lattice relaxation times (T1-{1H}) of each metabolite's spin-system is correlated to a chemical-shift dimension. The new experiment includes a water and ethanol signal pre-saturation module, prior to the T1saturation-inversion recovery dimension in order to maximize signal-to-noise ratio of wine metabolome NMR spectra. “Wine-T1” pulse sequence can be adapted to all commercial spectrometers (Bruker, Varian/Agilent, Jeol) and with acquisition times in the order of minutes, it should be considered as a fast repetition method to produce a robust metabolome fingerprint that has not been described before, to the best of our knowledge.
Development of a best practice manual in wine tourism in Portugal
Authors: Woldarsky V. , Geny-Denis L.
Published: February 2019

Portugal has become a popular tourist destination in the recent years, encouraging the development of wine tourism. With increased demand and greater competition among wineries, managers must enhance wine tourism experiences to attract high-value customers in order to make wine tourism profitable and sustainable. One option is to have an appropriate set of standards to implement best practices in service, hospitality and overall experience. This research paper focuses on the development of a knowledge tool, in the form of a best practice manual. With the support of ViniPortugal, an inter-professional organization dedicated to promoting Portuguese wines, 63 wineries were selected to participate in this project, of which 47 confirmed their participation and provided the basis for the project findings. This paper will show the development behind a comprehensive best practice manual, based on literary theory, research, and real life evidence in wine tourism experiences in Portugal. The framework used for the best practice manual was an adaptation of the Knowledge-To-Action framework [1], which is divided into two sections, Knowledge Creation and Action Cycle. The project methodology is based on the Knowledge Creation format as follows: knowledge inquiry, knowledge synthesis and finally knowledge tool. By accumulating knowledge from different sources, the finished manual will be a powerful tool that provides management with practices, standards, and protocols in all areas of the wine tourism offer. The application, limitations and future use of the best practice manual are also discussed.
Contribution de la biodiversité à l’éco-oenotourisme des vignobles héroïques : atouts et perspectives
Authors: Rochard J.
Published: February 2019

L'œnotourisme prend une part grandissante dans la valorisation des territoires viticoles. Parallèlement à l'attrait culturel pour la vigne, le vin et la dégustation, émerge le concept « d'Eco-Oenotourisme » qui associe notamment, en liaison avec le développement durable, les paysages, la biodiversité, ainsi que l'éco-conception des caves. Ainsi la valorisation de la biodiversité participe souvent à la valorisation du paysage local. C'est également un facteur qui participe à l'image et à la valeur ajoutée des vins de ces régions.   Cette thématique est importante pour les viticulteurs qui sont sensibles au regard que la société porte sur leur métier, voire pour l'acceptation locale de leurs activités et des projets qu'ils souhaitent mettre en œuvre. Les terroirs des vignobles « héroïques » ont souvent su conserver les modes de production traditionnels, associés notamment à la présence de murets, talus, zones naturelles, à l'agroforesterie traditionnelle ; savoir-faire historiques, supports de spécificités patrimoniales mais également de valeurs écologiques spécifiques des terrasses ou des îles.
“Desafíos y proyección de una viticultura joven de escala reducida: Tannat del Uruguay”
Authors: de Frutos E. , Curi A.B.
Published: February 2019

El objetivo principal de esta presentación es reflexionar – a partir de nuestra investigación académica- sobre el tema que nos convoca “Desafíos de la producción y el mercado” desde una vitivinicultura caracterizada por ser joven (desde 1870), de escala reducida (6.562 has. totales, 1.708 has. de Tannat) y con gran identidad (“Uruguay, país del Tannat”). Partimos de interpretar los desafíos como los retos o acciones para competir en la producción y en el mercado global, por lo tanto, se trata de planificar y proyectar para lo que vendrá desde una enología respetuosa de los “caracteres naturales y esenciales del vino”como lo propone el título de esta sección y que en este caso serán las características de nuestro vino Tannat. Por lo tanto, el desafío de la enología para el tannat de Uruguay sería la adecuación continua e integral de lo que se produce y ofrece al mercado; calidad del proceso, calidad de la información, calidad de los productos y comprobaciones que las certifiquen.
L'utilisation par la viticulture française d'un exercice de prospective pour l'élaboration d'une stratégie d'adaptation au changement climatique
Authors: Aigrain P. , Bois B. , Brugiere F. , Duchene E. , de Cortazar-Atauri I.G. , Gautier J. , Giraud-Heraud E. , Hammond R. , Hannin H. , Ollat N. , Touzard J.M.
Published: February 2019

Foresight studies are regularly conducted at sectoral or geographical scales, in order to help policy makers and economic actors to define their strategy of adaptation to climate change (CC).
Varietalidad y etiquetado: Porcentaje mínimo de cortes de vinos wine varietals and labelling
Authors: Murgo M. , Coria C. , Ortiz H. , Videla R. , Malaniuk M. , Prieto S. , Aruani C.
Published: February 2019

Se evaluaron 95 vinos experimentales, cosecha 2016, tanto en su estado puro (100%) como a distintos porcentajes de combinación (90; 85; 80; 75; 60%), con el fin determinar el porcentaje mínimo de una variedad que debe tenerse en cuenta en un corte de vino etiquetado como “variedad única”. Los respectivos cortes de las variedades bajo estudio (Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, Bonarda, Syrah, Merlot, Tempranillo, y Aspirant Bouchet) fueron supeditados al Análisis Descriptivo Cualitativo (se evaluaron 6 atributos olfativos/gustativos), y al Análisis Discriminativo Comparativo (2 repeticiones y 14 determinaciones), contando con un panel de expertos de tipo descriptivo (N= 7). Finalmente los datos sensoriales fueron analizados a través de la Prueba del Signo con diseño de muestras apareadas, a través del cual, la mayoría de los cortes de vinos por debajo del 85% mostraron diferencias significativas (P< 0.05) con respecto al vino patrón (100%). Esto es, se identifica organolépticamente aquella variedad que se encuentra en mayor proporción, cuando el vino está constituido con un mínimo de 85% de dicha variedad.
Uso de harina de baya de uva en la producción de cookies
Authors: Sainz R.L. , Szezecinski A.C.S.F. , Fontana M. , Bosenbecker V.K. , Ferri V.C. , do Nascimento C.O.
Published: February 2019

La producción de vinos y derivados produce residuo, en promedio cerca del 20% de la uva, en peso, constituido por la cáscara o la película, las semillas y los restos de la pulpa de la uva, siendo el resultado del aplastamiento del grano. Por eso la producción de harina a partir de la baya de uva surge como una alternativa para minimizar el residuo generado del proceso de vinificación. Las galletas son productos que se pueden obtener a través de diversos procesos, se consideran uno de los alimentos más populares y de mayor consumo. El presente estudio consistió en la elaboración de una harina a partir del aprovechamiento de un residuo agroindustrial de la actividad vitivinícola, la baya de uva, que fue empleado en el desarrollo de cookies. La harina presentó características físico-químicas dentro de los estándares establecidos por la legislación. A través de la evaluación sensorial obtuvimos resultados que evidencian la aceptación de las galletas tipo cookie, con utilización de harina de baya de uva, con un porcentaje del 92.6% de aceptación positiva por parte de los consumidores evaluados. En lo que se refiere a la intención de compra del nuevo producto, los evaluadores demostraron un porcentaje del 78% de intención de compra.
Phenolic composition of vine leaves infusions produced from different Portuguese and SpanishVitis viniferaL. varieties
Authors: Jordão A.M. , Sousa J. , Correia A.C. , Valdés M.E. , Nunes F.M. , Cosme F.
Published: February 2019

The main object of the present study was to analyze the phenolic composition of vine leaves infusions prepared from 8 different Portuguese (Fernão Pires,Touriga Franca,Tinta Roriz,Encruzado,Touriga Nacional,Rufete,Baga, andSiria) and Spanish (Pardina,Cayetana,Garnacha,Cigüente,Eva,Tempranillo,MacabeoandVerdelho)Vitis viniferaL. varieties. In general, a wide range of phenolic content were obtained from the vine leaves infusions according to the vine variety used. Thus, for total phenolic content the values ranged from 18 to 37 mg/L for the infusions produced from Portuguese varieties, while for Spanish varieties the values ranged from 14 to 37 mg/L. Vine leaves infusions obtained fromTouriga FrancaandPardinavarieties showed the highest total phenolic content. As a consequence of phenolic composition, chromatic characteristics (L*,a* andb*) of vine leaves infusions were also analyzed. Finally, it was also detected different individual phenolic compounds, such as, coutaric acid,trans-caftaric acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, rutin and 3 different anthocyanins from the different vine leaves infusions. All of the results obtained in this work show that vine leaves infusion may be an interesting alternative source of phenolic compounds for human diet.
Il contributo dei batteri lattici per la presenza di melatonina nel vino rosso
Authors: Fracassetti D. , Vigentini I. , Faro A.F.F.L. , Foschino R. , Tirelli A. , Orioli M. , Iriti M.
Published: February 2019

La melatonina (MEL) è un'indolammina implicata nella regolazione dei cicli circadiani e che possiede attività antiossidante. La presenza di MEL è stata dimostrata nelle piante e negli alimenti con particolare attenzione agli alimenti e bevande fermentati, tra cui il vino. L'uva è una fonte di MEL e nel vino l'attività metabolica del lievito svolge un ruolo cruciale per la produzione di MEL. È stato recentemente suggerito che anche i batteri lattici (LAB) posseggano tale abilità. In questo studio è stata indagata la sintesi di MEL da parte dei LAB in condizioni enologiche e di laboratorio. Sono stati analizzati 8 vini rossi prodotti su scala industriale in 4 cantine. Inoltre, 11 ceppi di LAB sono stati inoculati in terreno sintetico simil-vino. Dai risultati ottenuti è emerso che nei vini prodotti in due delle quattro cantine è stato osservato un aumento di MEL al termine della fermentazione malolattica. Tutti i ceppi oggetto dello studio hanno prodotto MEL in condizioni di laboratorio in quantità variabile a seconda del ceppo. I risultati mettono in evidenza per la prima volta che i LAB sono capaci di rilasciare MEL sia in condizioni di laboratorio che nel vino prodotto industrialmente. The contribution of lactic bacteria on melatonin in red wine
Evaluation of byproducts from the wine-making industry by identification of bioactive compounds
Authors: Luchian C.E. , Scutaraşu E.C. , Colibaba L.C. , Cotea V.V. , Vlase L. , Toiu A.M.
Published: February 2019

Byproducts obtained after wine production constitute an important source for the extraction of antioxidant compounds. Phenolic compounds showed a wide spectrum of biological actions for the human health, often associated with neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antimicrobial and other health-related effects. The aim of the present study was to determine the phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of grape marc from selected grapes from Iaşi vineyard. The total phenolic content of the extracts was measured using the Folin-Ciocâlteu method, with some modifications. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay was used to evaluate radical scavenging activity, by bleaching of purple methanolic solution of the stable radical. All extracts were able to reduce DPPH radical with different degrees of scavenging activity. The highest radical scavenging activity was determined for the extract obtained from Merlot and Fetească Neagră (98.142 μg/mL, and 115.78 μg/mL respectively), with positive correlation between scavenging activity on DPPH and total phenolic content. The total phenolic content varied among the analysed extracts, with a higher concentration in extracts obtained from Merlot, Fetească Neagră and Traminer rosé (2.42 GAE/mL, 1.45 GAE/mL and 1.24 GAE/mL respectively), followed by Sauvignon Blanc and Muscat Ottonel extracts with comparable amounts. The FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) method relies on the color change of a complex with Fe+3 ion of the 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl) – 1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ) radical due to the reduction of the ferric ion to the ferrous iron (Fe+2) in this complex. The highest radical scavenging activity was determined in the extract obtained from Merlot and Fetească Neagră (1164.22 μM Trolox/100 mL and 782.09 μM Trolox/100 mL respectively), a positive correlation between scavenging activity determined by FRAP method and total phenolic content being observed.Statistical analysis showed a close relationship between content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, the marc of Merlot and Fetească Neagră had the highest contents of anthocyanins. The results suggested that grape pomace may be exploited as antioxindant source.
Importancia de la acreditación de laboratorios de organismos de regulación enológicos
Authors: Gil G. , Cedrés M. , Herrera D. , Balado J. , Capello F.
Published: February 2019

A medida que aumenta la globalización de los suministros de alimentos, resulta cada vez más evidente la necesidad de reforzar los sistemas que velan por la inocuidad de los alimentos en todos los países. La acreditación es el reconocimiento formal, que hace una tercera parte, de que un organismo cumple con los requisitos especificados y es competente para desarrollar tareas específicas de evaluación de la conformidad. INAVI como organismo regulador de la vitivinicultura de la República Oriental del Uruguay cuenta desde el año 2011 con un Laboratorio Acreditado por el OUA (Organismo Uruguayo de Acreditación) en la Norma ISO/IEC 17025:2005. En la actualidad cuenta con 16 alcances en dos matrices diferentes vinos y sidras asegurando así su competencia técnica. Los Organismos Reguladores en Enología con frecuencia deben tomar decisiones en referencia a la salud y bienestar de los consumidores, protección del medio ambiente, control del cumplimiento de requisitos existentes reglamentarios y legales, generación de nuevos requisitos y regulaciones, así como asignación de recursos técnicos y financieros. Para poder tomar estas decisiones los Organismos de Regulación deben tener confianza en los resultados generados, la acreditación de sus laboratorios de ensayo genera la confianza necesaria para el desarrollo de dichas actividades.
Therapie des inguinalen Crossenrezidivs: Ist die offene
Re-Crossektomie noch zeitgemäß?
Authors: Gerontopoulou Stefania Aglaia , Rass Knuth
Published: February 2019

Einleitung Die Rezidivvarikose ist trotz der Entwicklung neuer Verfahren
und Operationsstrategien ein relevantes medizinisches Problem. Zur Therapie
inguinaler Crossenrezidive (ICR) steht die offene Re-Crossektomie zur Verfügung,
die derzeit gegenüber weniger invasiven Verfahren in den Hintergrund tritt.

Methoden Diese Übersichtsarbeit basiert auf aktuell verfügbaren Leitlinien
und einer Literaturrecherche bei PubMed zur Frage des Einsatzes und der
Effektivität verschiedener Verfahren zur Therapie des ICR.

Ergebnisse Inguinale Re-Crossektomie und Schaumsklerosierung sind
uneingeschränkt anwendbar. Die Operation, sofern mit Barrieretechnik kombiniert,
scheint langfristig effektiver als die Verödung und ist mit einer hohen
Patientenzufriedenheit verbunden. Endovenös thermische Ablationsverfahren können
für individuelle Fälle mit geeignetem anatomischem Befund eingesetzt werden.
Vergleichende Studien fehlen.

Schlussfolgerung Die offene Re-Crossektomie ist zeitgemäß. Ob der Vorteil
der potentiell höheren Effektivität bei der Operation stärker wiegt als die
geringere Invasivität der Schaumsklerosierung verbunden mit häufigeren
Therapiesitzungen müsste mittels randomisierter kontrollierter Studien geklärt
werden.
Der Ernährungsstatus von PatientInnen in der Akutversorgung und das Problem der nicht identifizierten Mangelernährung
Authors: Graeb Fabian , Wientjens Renate , Wolke Reinhold
Published: February 2019

Hintergrund Im Rahmen eines durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung finanzierten Forschungsprojekts soll für 2 Kliniken jeweils ein Praxiskonzept entwickelt werden, um der bei geriatrischen PatientInnen häufig auftretenden Mangelernährung vorzubeugen beziehungsweise diese zu behandeln. Hierfür galt es zunächst mithilfe der Datenerhebung am nutritionDay eine Einschätzung des aktuellen Ernährungsmanagements in den beteiligten Kliniken durchzuführen.

Material und Methodik Die am nutritionDay 2017 gesammelten Daten wurden hinsichtlich der Ernährungssituation und des Ernährungsmanagements auf den 6 Projektstationen analysiert. Es konnten dabei 44 (36 %) von 133 stationären PatientInnen eingeschlossen werden.

Ergebnisse Die retrospektive Anwendung des nicht routinemäßig angewandten NRS 2002 zeigte deutlich auf, dass mindestens 36,4 % der inkludierten PatientInnen als mangelernährt einzustufen wären. 81,3 % der als mangelernährt eingestuften PatientInnen erhielten keine Ernährungstherapie. Ungewollter Gewichtsverlust korrelierte mit einem längeren Klinikaufenthalt (r = 0,558; p = 0,02).

Je mehr in der Vorwoche gegessen wurde, desto weniger Klinikaufenthalte sind im Vorjahr verzeichnet (rs = – 0,452; p = 0,002) und die Einschätzung des eigenen Gesundheitszustands fiel in diesem Zusammenhang deutlich positiver aus (rs = – 0,433; p = 0,003). Zudem wurden diese PatientInnen mit dem Screening NRS 2002 eher als nicht mangelernährt eingestuft (r = – 0,614; p < 0,001). Wurde der Gesundheitszustand von PatientInnen schlechter eingeschätzt, wurde in der Vorwoche eher weniger gegessen (rs = – 0,433; p = 0,003), weniger getrunken (rs = – 0,543; p < 0,001) und der Klinikaufenthalt war länger (rs = 0,394; p = 0,009). Wurde zudem eine Verschlechterung des Gesundheitszustands seit der Aufnahme berichtet, ging dies mit einem niedrigeren BMI einher (rs = – 0,374; p = 0,012).

Schlussfolgerung Mithilfe der Erhebungsinstrumente des nutritionDay können die Ernährungssituation der eingeschlossenen PatientInnen sowie das Ernährungsmanagement der Einrichtung gut eingeschätzt werden und zeigen wesentliche Anknüpfungspunkte für Verbesserungen in den eingeschlossenen Bereichen auf.
Freiwilliger Verzicht auf Flüssigkeit und Nahrung – Sterbefasten als ein Ausweg am Lebensende?
Authors: Schmidhuber Martina
Published: February 2019

Freiwilliger Verzicht auf Flüssigkeit und Nahrung (FVFN), auch als Sterbefasten bezeichnet, ist ein umstrittenes Phänomen im medizinischen und pflegerischen Setting. Es handelt sich um eine freiverantwortliche Entscheidung eines Patienten, die im Zustand der Einsichtsfähigkeit getroffen wird. Dennoch haben Mediziner, Pflegende und Angehörige häufig ein ethisches Problem mit dieser Entscheidung. Teilweise wird diese Entscheidung sogar mit Suizid in Verbindung gebracht. Im vorliegenden Standpunkt wird argumentiert, warum Sterbefasten ein würdiger Abschied aus dem Leben sein kann und es sich um ein Sterben-Zulassen und nicht um Suizid handelt.
Effects of Splenectomy on Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: Possible Role of the Spleen in Haemostasis
Authors: Kamisasa Isao , Hidai Koh , Sugiura Mrrsuo , Wada Tatsuo , Yamanaka Manabu
Published: February 2019

Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis before and after splenectomy was studied in 74 cases of liver cirrhosis. A hypocoagulable state was found before splenectomy, but the platelet count, and the levels of fibrinogen, plasminogen, ±2-macroglobulin and antithrombin III increased significantly after splenectomy (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). A marked improvement was observed on the values of r (reaction time), k (clot formation time) and ma (maximal amplitude) of thrombelastograms (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The prothrombin time was reduced after the surgery, but not significantly (0.05 < p < 0.1). The levels of arantitrypsin remained almost unchanged, while serum fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products (FDP) showed a slight decrease postoperatively.

The immunohistologic study of the spleen excised from 7 cases with liver cirrhosis, with the use of the direct immunofluorescence technique, demonstrated the deposits of fibrin in the splenic cords in all cases. It was not recognized in the spleens of 4 cases without cirrhosis used as the control.

A further study of the spleen weight and plasma fibrinogen level showed that a significant inverse correlation exists between these two parameters (p < 0.01).

These findings suggest that localized intravascular coagulation (LIC) occurs in the enlarged spleen associated with liver cirrhosis.
Studies on the Purification and Characterization of Human Urinary Plasminogen and Plasmin
Authors: Chen Hsin Fu , Nakabayashi Masao , Satoh Kazuo , Sakamoto Shoichi
Published: February 2019

A new method is described for the preparation of highly purified human plasminogen and plasmin with specific activity of 32 CTA units per mg of protein. With this method, the purification of the urinary plasminogen + plasmin antigenic materials from patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome and severe toxemia of pregnancy was performed, and the resulting highly purified proenzyme and enzyme were analyzed by immunoelectrophoresis, separative agar electrophoresis, gel filtration and SDS-gel electrophoresis.

Our findings indicated that urinary plasmin reflects more closely the extent of intraglomerular fibrinolysis, while urinary plasminogen reflects non-selective proteinuria in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis or severe toxemia of pregnancy.
Cooperativity of Albumin and Aggrexons A and B for ADP-Induced-Aggregation of Platelets
Authors: Inada Yuji , Okada Masahisa , Saito Yuji , Okamoto Hiroshi , Matsushima Ayako
Published: February 2019

Using extensively washed bovine platelets and a chemically defined medium instead of whole plasma, it was demonstrated that aggregation to a near normal extent was induced by ADP only in the presence of at least the following three components from plasma; albumin, Aggrexon A and Aggrexon B. These three proteins apparently acted cooperatively; the elimination of any one of the above mentioned plasma components from the system resulted in marked reduction of the aggregation.
Haemostatic Failure of Prothrombin Complex Concentrates during Elective Dental Procedure
Authors: Blatt Philip M , Pearsall Arthur H , Givhan Edgar G , Hallum Charles E , Roberts Harold R , Webster William P
Published: February 2019

One haemophilia A patient with an inhibitor was exposed to a graded surgical procedure and treated with Prothrombin Complex Concentrates (PCC). Hemostasis was not obtained until the inhibitor was neutralized and the patient�s factor VIII level was normal. This patient is presented to emphasize that PCC are not nearly as effective as once hoped in producing hemostasis in inhibitor patients. Consequently, major decisions should not be made presuming efficacy of these products in inhibitor patients.
Die Nachsorge des Lungenkarzinoms
Authors: Tufman Amanda , Duell Thomas , Schneider Christian
Published: February 2019

Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die aktuellen Leitlinien bzw. Empfehlungen zur Nachsorge des Lungenkarzinoms zu präsentieren und eine evidenzbasierte Herangehensweise für die Erstellung von individualisierten Nachsorgepläne aufzuzeigen.
Enhancing the closed-loop stability of a high-Q polysilicon micro-hemispherical resonating gyroscope
Authors: Wan Quan , Chen Fang , Xu Dacheng , Guo Shuwen , Li Xinxin
Published: February 2019

This paper presents an enhanced stability strategy for the sense mode of a force-rebalanced closed-loop polysilicon micro-hemispherical resonating gyroscope (μHRG) with a high-Q quality-factor value (15.2k). The sense mode closed-loop control including the Coriolis force and quadrature error force rebalanced loop, respectively. Specific demodulation theoretical deductions with mode-split are performed to identify a precise linear model of the sense mode open loop. The frequency responses obtained by experimental tests show good agreement with the theoretical model. The experimental results demonstrate that a bandwidth of 10 Hz and a 0.51 Hz frequency-splitting closed loop gyroscope can be extended to 86 Hz and 3.3 Hz, from 6 Hz and 0.13 Hz in the open loop. The mode-matching (0.51 Hz frequency-splitting) gyroscope with closed loop control can achieve a scale factor of 2.25 mV/°/s with a nonlinearity of 0.087%, and a bias instability of 21.8°/hr with an angle random walk of 3.1°/√hr.
Metrology for optical components of Taiwan Photon Source beamlines
Authors: Wang Duan-Jen , Lin Shang-Wei , Fu Huang-Wen , Fung Hok-Sum , Wang Tai-Yuan
Published: February 2019

To ensure the high performance of beamlines in Taiwan Photon Source, the metrology of the beamline optical components is essential to realize the theoretical optical simulation. The design and performance of a long-trace profiler (LTP) with moving optical head is described. A LTP is used as a metrological tool for the assembly and correction of optical components at the beamline. For a water-cooled mirror, a LTP serves to optimize the surface profile to a slope error of 0.1 µrad (rms) and adequate thermal conductance. To correct a bendable cooling mirror in a twisted condition, the sagittal slope is decreased by a screw adjustment through the LTP measurement. For the double-crystal monochromator (DCM) with flow-induced vibrations, we proposed an approach to stiffen the bellows hose partially inside the vacuum chamber. From an investigation of the vibrational spectra of the DCM before and after the treatment with the aid of the autocollimator, the current approach is confirmed to be an effective solution for suppression of vibration.
Tetrapyrroles-decorated graphene nanoribbons: Toward to the half-metal and ferromagnetic semiconductor
Authors: Yao Yisen , Ashalley Eric , Niu Xiaobin , Dai Liping , Yu Peng , Chen Weiwu , Qin Zhaojun , Zhang Lizhi , Wang Zhiming
Published: February 2019

Realization of the half-metallicity in graphene is of crucial importance in all-carbon organic spintronic nanodevices. Here, using first-principles calculations, we predicted the existence of half-metallicity in porphin-decorated graphene nanoribbons based on the synthesized porphin-decorated graphene [He et al., Nat. Chem. 9, 33–38 (2017)]. The configurations are constructed by coupling porphin molecules to one side of three different graphene nanoribbons: zigzag, sawtooth, and armchair graphene nanoribbons. We found that the porphin-decorated zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) exhibit half-metallicity, where their bandgaps are fixed at ∼0.3 eV for the gapped spin channel regardless of the variation of the ribbon width. Different from ZGNR, porphin-decorated sawtooth graphene nanoribbons exhibit ferromagnetic semiconducting properties, and for the armchair graphene nanoribbons, porphin modification only influences their bandgaps. Our findings open an avenue to the graphene-based electronic and spintronic devices.
Grating metrology for X-ray and V-UV synchrotron beamlines at SOLEIL
Authors: Thomasset M. , Dvorak J. , Brochet S. , Dennetiere D. , Polack F.
Published: February 2019

Diffraction gratings are key elements of soft X-ray synchrotron beamlines. Besides wavelength dispersion, specific parameters can be tailored to adjust the energy dependent efficiency and focusing, and to correct wavefront aberrations. As key elements of a beamline, any departure from the design values can severely reduce the overall performance. On the other hand, known non-conformities can often be corrected by slight adjustment of the alignment parameters. A careful and accurate metrology is therefore required before installation on the beamline. After presenting what variable line spacing gratings, variable groove depth gratings, and alternate multilayer gratings are, the use of the SOLEIL long trace profiler for the measurement of groove density variation along the surface and of the atomic force microscope for the groove geometry and roughness characterizations will be discussed. A few examples of grating metrology will be presented and analyzed with the help of optical simulations.
Development of a long trace profiler
in situ
at National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
Authors: Lin Shang-Wei , Wang Duan-Jen , Fu Huang-Wen , Tsai Huang-Ming , Hua Chih-Yu , Kuo Chang-Yang , Hsu Ming-Ying , Kao Kai-Yang , Yin Gung-Chian , Fung Hok-Sum , Perng Shen-Yaw , Chang Chia-Feng
Published: February 2019

To achieve an ultrahigh resolution of a beamline for soft X-rays at the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), the profile of a highly precise grating is required at various curvatures. The slope error could be decreased to 0.1 µrad (rms) at a thermal load with a specially designed bender having 25 actuators. In the meantime, a long-trace profiler (LTP) was developed in situ to monitor the grating profile under a thermal load; it consists of a moving optical head, an air-bearing slide, an adjustable stand, and a glass viewport on the vacuum chamber. In the design of this system, a test chamber with an interior mirror was designed to simulate the chamber in the beamline. To prevent an error induced from a commercial viewport, a precision glass viewport (150CF, flatness 1/150 λ rms at 632.8 nm) was designed. The error induced from the slope error of the glass surface and the vacuum deformation was also simulated. The performance of the optical head of the LTP in situ (ISLTP) has been tested in the metrology laboratory. The sources of error of this LTP including the linearity and the glass viewport were corrected after the measurement. For the beamline measurement, an optical head was mounted outside the vacuum chamber; the measuring beam passed through the glass viewport to measure the grating profile in vacuum. The measurement of the LTP after correction of the above errors yielded a precision about 0.2 µrad (rms). In a preliminary test, an ISLTP was used to measure the grating profile at soft X-ray beamline TPS45A. The measured profile was for the bending mechanism to optimize the slope profile. From the measured energy spectrum, the slope error of the grating was estimated with software for optical simulation to be about 0.3 µrad (rms), consistent with our estimate of the ISLTP. In the future, it will be used to monitor the thermal bump under a large thermal load. In addition, an ISLTP was used to monitor the properties of optical elements—the twist and radius in the beamline during the installation phase.
Multimode scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy for diamond anvil cell experiments
Authors: Hrubiak Rostislav , Smith Jesse S. , Shen Guoyin
Published: February 2019

We have designed and implemented a new experimental system for fast mapping of crystal structures and other structural features of materials under high pressure at the High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Sector 16 of the Advanced Photon Source. The system utilizes scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy (SXDM) and is optimized for use with diamond anvil cell devices. In SXDM, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) is collected in a forward scattering geometry from points on a two-dimensional grid by fly-scanning the sample with respect to a micro-focused X-ray beam. The recording of XRD is made during the continuous motion of the sample using a fast (millisecond) X-ray area detector in synchrony with the sample positioners, resulting in a highly efficient data collection for SXDM. A new computer program, X-ray Diffractive Imaging (XDI), has been developed with the SXDM system. The XDI program provides a graphical interface for constructing and displaying the SXDM images in several modes: (1) phase mapping based on structural information, (2) pressure visualization based on the equation of state, (3) microstructural features mapping based on peak shape parameters, and (4) grain size and preferred-orientation based on peak shape parameters. The XDI is a standalone program and can be generally used for displaying SXDM images. Two examples of iron and zirconium samples under high pressure are presented to demonstrate the applications of SXDM.
Stability of scrape-off layer plasma: A modified Rayleigh–Bénard problem
Authors: Wilczynski F. , Hughes D. W. , Van Loo S. , Arter W. , Militello F.
Published: February 2019

We present an extensive linear stability analysis of a two-dimensional fluid model used to study the plasma dynamics in the scrape-off layer of tokamaks. The model equations are based on the Braginskii fluid equations under the assumptions of drift ordering and electrostatic plasma. The model also employs the commonly used slab geometry approximation, whereby the magnetic field is assumed constant and straight, with the effects of curvature reintroduced as effective gravitational terms. We study the linear instability in the system by solving a boundary value problem, thereby extending previous studies, which focused on a local analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the governing plasma equations for the scrape-off layer can be viewed as describing a thermal convection problem with additional effects. The new features include a non-uniform basic state gradient, linear damping terms, and additional advective terms. We characterize the conditions at the onset of instability and perform an extensive parameter scan to describe how the stability threshold varies as a function of plasma parameters.
Three dimensional structure of the unsteady wake of an axisymmetric body
Authors: Pavia Giancarlo , Varney Max , Passmore Martin , Almond Mathew
Published: February 2019

The near-wake of an axisymmetric body has been investigated using base pressure tappings and large scale Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry (TPIV) at a Reynolds number of ReD = 3.2 × 105, based upon model diameter. Insights into the near-wake dynamics are provided by the application of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to the pressure and the TPIV datasets. The first two POD modes show that the axisymmetric topology seen in the time averaged field is the result of the combination of different reflectional symmetry preserving states, each one featuring a hairpin vortex surrounded by an annular structure developing in proximity to the wake closure. The “head” and the “tails” of each hairpin vortex appear to be dynamically linked, as also proven by the existence of a second pair of modes, visible only in the TPIV dataset, featuring a twisted two-lobe structure. The analysis of the temporal evolution of the radial position of the centre of pressure over the model base reveals the existence of two different low-drag scenarios, characterised by the restoration of the axial symmetry or the selection of a single plane of reflectional symmetry. The first state is reported to become the only admissible low-drag configuration when the short-time wake dynamics are removed from the unsteady pressure signal.
A simple high-intensity UV-photon source for photochemical studies in UHV: Application to the photoconversion of norbornadiene to quadricyclane
Authors: Schwarz Matthias , Schuschke Christian , Silva Thais Nascimento , Mohr Susanne , Waidhas Fabian , Brummel Olaf , Libuda Jörg
Published: February 2019

Photochemical in situ studies in a well-controlled surface science environment can help to understand photochemical reactions in organic thin films in more detail. To perform such studies without external focusing or light guiding systems, we designed a high-intensity UV-photon source, which is compatible with an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) environment. The UV source is based on a high power light-emitting diode (LED), soldered onto a copper heat reservoir to avoid overheating. The LED can be placed in close vicinity in front of a single crystal, providing flux densities of 2 × 1018 photons s−1 cm−2 at a wavelength of 365 nm. Thus, the device provides light intensities one order of magnitude higher as compared to conventional continuous wave arc lamps, at only a small variation of the flux of less than ±20% over a sample surface of 10 × 8 mm2. The UV source is mounted in a UHV infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy system and triggered by using the IR spectrometer. This allows fully automatized in situ IR studies of photochemical reactions at interfaces and thin films. We prove the functionality of the device by studying the photochemical conversion of norbornadiene (NBD) to quadricyclane (QC) mediated by the photosensitizer 4,4′-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone (Michler’s ketone, MK). NBD and MK were grown by physical vapor deposition in the form of thin films on Pt(111) at 120 K. Even at prolonged UV irradiation (>100 s), the temperature of the sample increased by less than 10 K. We report first successful conversion of NBD to QC under UHV conditions and follow the conversion behavior as a function of the photon dose and NBD/MK ratio. Initial quantum yields of up to 23% and selectivity for a QC of 70% are obtained at NBD/MK of 7.4:1, indicating good electronic coupling between NBD and MK even in a frozen multilayer. For both very small and very large NBD loadings, the conversion efficiency decreases, which is attributed to the effect of the metallic substrate and phase separation in thick multilayers, respectively.
Highly pure single photon emission from spectrally uniform surface-curvature directed mesa top single quantum dot ordered array
Authors: Zhang Jiefei , Chattaraj Swarnabha , Lu Siyuan , Madhukar Anupam
Published: February 2019

Realizing ordered and spectrally uniform single photon source arrays integrable on-chip with light manipulating elements in a scalable architecture lies at the core of building monolithic quantum optical circuits (QOCs). We demonstrate here a spatially ordered 5 × 8 array of surface-curvature driven mesa-top GaAs(001)/InGaAs/GaAs single quantum dots (MTSQDs) that exhibit highly pure (∼99%) single photon emission as deduced from the measured g(2)(0) < 0.02 at 9.4 K. Polarization-independent and polarization-resolved high resolution photoluminescence measurements show that these ordered and spectrally uniform QDs have neutral exciton emission with an intrinsic linewidth ∼ 10 μeV and a fine structure splitting <10 μeV, an important figure of merit for the use of QDs in QOCs. The findings point to the high potential of using such MTSQD based single photon source arrays as a promising platform for on-chip scalable integration with light manipulating units (connected resonant cavity, waveguide, beam splitter, etc.) to enable constructing QOCs.
On the development of low frequency structures in near and far laminar wakes
Authors: Pulletikurthi V. , Paul I. , Prakash K. A. , Prasad B.
Published: February 2019

Flow past any geometry contains structures of diverse sizes, albeit the shedding structure is the most prevalent. There are situations where the flow also has large-scale secondary dominant structures. This study attempts to provide the sources of such low frequency secondary structures in a laminar regime. To this end, we analyze the velocity field through fast Fourier transform in the near and far wake of an elliptic cylinder of axis ratio 0.4 whose major axis is kept perpendicular to the incoming flow. Numerical simulation is carried out for Reynolds number 130, where the flow is reported to be two-dimensional. This study reveals the presence of low-frequency structures besides the primary shedding structures in linear, transition, and saturation regions of temporal wake development. We show that the temporal source of the primary frequency is the saturated state of the wake development, while its physical source is the periodic nature of the saturation region, which inhibits the transmutation of the wavelength of flow structures. On the other hand, the secondary low frequency is embedded in the transitional developing stage of the wake and its physical source is the irregular behavior of the transition process, which aids transmutation of the wavelength of the structures.
A shear model for unsteady state for viscoelastic fluids, based on the correction of torque transfer lag
Authors: Li Bingfan , Liu Gang
Published: February 2019

In this study, a mathematical model for the magnetic coupling transmission process was set up to solve the problem of torque transfer lag in magnetic-coupled rheological testing systems. This model was developed on the basis of torque balance in a magnetic coupling rotatory rheometer test system, which considered friction loss for the jewel bearing, as well as the inertia of both the motor and fixture. The reliability of the mathematical model was fully confirmed by a constant stress no-load start-up experiment conducted using a HAAKE-MARS60 high pressure rheometer. Based on the mathematical model for simultaneous magnetic coupling transmission and a constitutive equation of viscoelastic thixotropic fluid, a model, put forward for the unsteady mathematical shear of viscoelastic fluids, was designed to correct torque transfer lag. Changes in real stress and strain on the rotator surface were then obtained under the initial unsteady-state shear phase of the rheometer. The results showed that magnetic coupling intensifies the unsteady shear flow of fluids. The bigger the elastic modulus and viscosity of the material, the larger the deviation of test results between rotational rheometers and magnetic couple rheometers will be. The results obtained in this study could facilitate a better understanding of the rheological properties of materials in the transient start-up process under high pressure conditions in later research.
Enhanced Rashba spin-orbit coupling in core-shell nanowires by the interfacial effect
Authors: Wójcik Paweł , Bertoni Andrea , Goldoni Guido
Published: February 2019

We report on k→·p→ calculations of Rashba spin-orbit coupling controlled by external gates in InAs/InAsP core-shell nanowires. We show that charge spilling in the barrier material allows for a stronger symmetry breaking than in homogenous nano-materials, inducing a specific interface-related contribution to spin-orbit coupling. Our results suggest additional wavefunction engineering strategies to enhance and control spin-orbit coupling.