bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrogenic Activity and Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer Among Postmenopausal Women in the Nurses' Health Study
Authors: Holder Etienne X. , Houghton Serena C. , Sanchez Sylvia S. , Eliassen A. Heather , Qian Jing , Bertone-Johnson Elizabeth R. , Liu Zhenhua , Tworoger Shelley S. , Smith Martyn T. , Hankinson Susan E.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Estrogens increase breast cancer risk through estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated pathway activation. It is unclear whether a broader assessment of plasma compounds that lead to ER activation would be more strongly related to risk than measurement of individual estrogens.

Methods:

A prospective nested case–control study was conducted among postmenopausal women in the Nurses’ Health Study, that included 371 cases with blood samples collected prior to breast cancer diagnosis and 731 matched controls. Total estrogen pathway activity (EA) was assessed via a luciferase reporter assay using plasma-treated T47D-Kbluc (ATCC) human breast cancer cells. We also assessed the contribution of EA to risk, independent of circulating estrone, estradiol, and estrone sulfate concentrations. Multivariable ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression adjusting for breast cancer risk factors.

Results:

Women in the highest, versus lowest EA quartile had an 86% increased risk of invasive breast cancer (ORQ4vsQ1, 1.86; 95% CI = 1.16–2.97). After accounting for estradiol only, a weaker association was observed (ORQ4vsQ1, 1.27; 95% CI = 0.75–2.17). No association was observed after accounting for all three estrogens (ORQ4vsQ1, 1.01; 95% CI = 0.56–1.84).

Conclusions:

A positive association between EA and breast cancer risk was observed. However, the association was substantially attenuated after accounting for levels of other estrogens.

Impact:

Our study provides a first detailed assessment of a breast cancer cell line–based EA assay and postmenopausal breast cancer risk.
The Anti-Nectin 4: A Promising Tumor Cells Target. A Systematic Review
Authors: Bouleftour Wafa , Guillot Aline , Magne Nicolas
Published: February 2022

The Nectin cell adhesion protein 4 (Nectin-4) is overexpressed in multiple human malignancies. Such aberrant expression is correlated with cancer progression and poor prognostic. Nectin-4 has emerged as a potential biomarker and promising targeted therapy. This review aimed to gather the current state of the literature about Nectin-4 relevance in preclinical tumor models and to summarize its clinical relevance regarding cancer. A systematic assessment of literature articles was performed by searching in PUBMED (MEDLINE) from the database inception to May 2021, following PRISMA guidelines. Preclinical models unanimously demonstrated membrane and cytoplasmic location of the Nectin-4. Furthermore, Nectin-4 was overexpressed whatever the location of the solid tumors. Interestingly, a heterogeneity of Nectin-4 expression has been highlighted in bladder urothelial carcinoma. High serum Nectin-4 level was correlated with treatment efficiency and disease progression. Finally, generated anti–drug-conjugated targeting Nectin-4 induced cell death in multiple tumor cell lines. Nectin-4 emerges as a promising target for anticancer drugs development because of its central role in tumorigenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Enfortumab vedotin targeting Nectin-4 demonstrated encouraging results and should be extended to other types of solid tumors.
Current Understanding and Management of Plasma Cell Mastitis: Can We Benefit from What We Know?
Authors: Xing Mengying , Zhang Shichang , Zha Xiaoming , Zhang Jiexin
Published: February 2022

Background: Plasma cell mastitis (PCM), also known as mammary duct ectasia, is a chronic nonbacterial breast inflammation characterized by duct expansion and plasma cell infiltration. The severe and intense clinical manifestations profoundly affect the quality of life of female patients. Although the pathological process of PCM is known to include four stages (duct dilatation, inflammation, abscess and fistula), there is still lack of imaging techniques and serum markers with high specificity in clinical practice. Due to recurrent acute attacks and the prolonged healing process of the disease, most patients choose to accept mastectomy. Summary: We searched for studies, reports and reviews referring to PCM in the past 20 years; more than half of the results were related to animal studies, and little attention has been paid to human beings, which may explain the frequent misdiagnosis of PCM as breast cancer and the limited treatment options. This review focuses on the current diagnostic methods and markers for PCM and hierarchically discusses the typical clinical features, etiological causes and relevant molecular mechanisms of PCM. Key Messages: We herein highlight the urgent need to develop more specific and sensitive biomarkers in the clinical laboratory. It will help to establish a standardized flowchart for the diagnosis and treatment of PCM in order to improve recovery for female patients.
Operative and Midterm Oncological Outcome of Focal Salvage Cryotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Vestris Pierre-Gilles , Giwerc Anthony , Hennequin Christophe , Goujon Annabelle , Meria Paul , Verine Jerome , Desgrandchamps Francois , de Kerviler Eric , Mongiat-Artus Pierre , Masson-Lecomte Alexandra
Published: February 2022

Background: Local recurrence after radiation therapy for prostate cancer is a major clinical issue. Various local treatments are available with mitigated functional and oncological outcomes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate perioperative and oncological results of salvage cryotherapy (CT) as treatment of local recurrence of prostate cancer. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients treated with hemi-prostatic salvage CT for local recurrence of prostate cancer in 1 academic hospital between November 2011 and April 2019. Local recurrence was defined according to the Phoenix criteria (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] nadir + 2 ng/mL), associated with a prostatic MRI target lesion and confirmed by biopsy. Perioperative and functional complications were collected. Cox regression was conducted to assess factors associated with time to initiation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Statistical analyses were conducted using R Studio. Results: A total of 29 patients were treated with an average follow-up of 37.6 months. Median age at CT was 77 years. Median PSA before CT was 5.1 ng/mL (min-max: 2.74–18). 17.2% of patients displayed a high D’Amico risk group. Median hospital stay was 1.4 days. Four patients (13.8%) experienced postoperative acute urinary retention. Nineteen patients (65.5%) experienced late functional complications (3 erectile dysfunctions, 3 stress incontinence, and 13 urinary frequency). Fourteen patients displayed recurrence after salvage treatment (48.2%). Median time to introduction of ADT was 15.1 months. ADT-free survival at 1 and 2 years was, respectively, 74% and 61%. In multivariate analysis, ISUP score 4 and PSA nadir <1 ng/mL after CT were significantly associated with time to ADT initiation. Conclusions: Salvage focal CT may delay the use of ADT in locally recurrent prostate cancer after RT and offers an alternative for eligible patients. The technique was feasible with acceptable perioperative morbidity and acceptable midterm oncological outcome.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Blood Transfusion Services: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chiem Cindy , Alghamdi Khader , Nguyen Thao , Han Joon Hee , Huo Hongzhao , Jackson Denise
Published: February 2022

Introduction: While SARS-CoV-2’s main transmission route is through respiratory droplets, research has found that viral RNA could be detected in blood samples, causing concerns over the safety of blood donations and blood products. This paper therefore aims to systematically search for studies that have addressed their country’s lack of donations and analyse the risk of blood transfusion-transmission. As such, it will answer the question “should blood services focus more on donation vigilance or worry more about the risks of transmission through blood products?” Methods: 38 articles were identified through a systematic review adopting the PRISMA and STROBE guidelines. Meta-analysis was conducted using OpenMeta software. Results: The average decrease in blood donations was found to be 38%, with some regions showing up to 67% decrease. To assess the risk of actual blood transfusion-transmission, three datasets were analysed. Firstly, the viral load in COVID-19 patients was studied and found to have less than 1% detection rate (ARD = −0.831, 95% −0.963, −0.699). Secondly, the prevalence of finding viral RNA in a pool of donations was nearly −1.503 (ARD = −1.538, −1.468). Lastly, recipients who were given blood products of positive donors were found to be −0.911 (ARD 95% = –1.247, −0.575). Discussion/Conclusion: Blood centres should focus more on launching initiatives and policies that would increase their countries’ blood supply as the virus has no direct threat to blood safety.
Novel Cranial Imaging Findings and a Splice-Site Variant in a Patient with Tyrosinemia Type III, and a Summary of Published Cases
Authors: Kahraman Ayca Burcu , Akar Halil Tuna , Güleray Lafcı Naz , Yıldız Yılmaz , Tokatlı Ayşegül
Published: February 2022

Tyrosinemia type III is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disease, with only 19 patients yet reported. It is caused by a deficiency of the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase enzyme, resulting from biallelic mutations in the HPD gene. Although the clinical spectrum of the disease is not fully known, most patients present with neurodevelopmental symptoms. We report on a 20-month-old patient who was investigated due to developmental delay and dysmorphic features. The girl had a novel splice-site mutation in the HPD gene and ventriculomegaly in cranial imaging, which was not previously associated with tyrosinemia type III. Our patient had mild subjective improvement in social skills and language development after dietary therapy was started and her tyrosine levels decreased. We also summarize clinical, biochemical, and genetic findings of previously published patients with biallelic HPD mutations.
Distinct Immunological Features of Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Chen Bo , Gui Meng-Cui , Ji Su-Qiong , Xie Yi , Tian Dai-Shi , Bu Bi-Tao
Published: February 2022

Objective: The immunological features between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), lacked systemic comparisons. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate immunological differences between NMOSD, MS, and MOGAD. Methods: Patients with MOGAD, MS, and NMOSD who received immunological tests including cytokine profiles and cytometry analysis of the lymphocyte subgroups were retrospectively reviewed and divided into training and validation sets. Discriminatory models based on immunological data were established to identify optimal classifiers using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Constructed models were tested in another independent cohort. Results: OPLS-DA of the immunological data from 50 patients (26 NMOSD, 14 MS, and 10 MOGAD) demonstrated the discriminatory values of a relatively low level of T-lymphocyte subsets, especially the CD4+ T cells, in MOGAD; a decreased NK cell, eosinophil, and lymphocyte level; an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in NMOSD; and a declined IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells/Th with an increased IL-8 concentration in MS. All the models (NMOSD vs. MS, NMOSD vs. MOGAD, and MS vs. MOGAD) exhibited a significant predictive value and accuracy (>85%). Conclusions: NMOSD, MS, and MOGAD may be different in pathogenesis, and several immunological biomarkers can serve as potential classifiers clinically.
Safely Inserting Neonatal Chest Drains
Authors: Goelz Rangmar , Krumrey Sabrina , Dietz Klaus , Esser Michael , Poets Christian F.
Published: February 2022

Background: Inserting a chest drain for a left-sided neonatal pneumothorax carries a risk of penetrating the pericardium. We identified reference ranges for the chest wall thickness (CWT) and distance between the pericardium and parietal pleura to improve safety of chest tube insertion. Method: We prospectively measured the CWT using ultrasound in 20 neonates (body weight [BW] 640–2,700 g, age <10 days) at the usual site of puncture in the 4th and 5th intercostal space (ICS). Furthermore, we measured the minimal distance between the parietal pleura and the cardiac silhouette in 131 neonatal chest X-rays (birth weight, 420–4,930 g [divided into 11 weight groups]; age <10 days). Both data sets were transformed into weight-dependent percentiles (Ps). We considered the difference between the sum of P 2.5 for the CWT plus P 2.5 for pleura-heart distance minus P 97.5 for the CWT as a safe corridor for placing the tip of the needle. Results: At both ICSs, curves for the above metrics did not cross, indicating a narrow but safe corridor for each BW with at least 97.5% probability. This safety corridor was 4.6–5.2 mm wide for the 4th and 2.8–3.4 mm for the 5th ICS. Conclusion: These data offer a reference for left-sided chest drain insertion for BW <2,700 g, which may help to improve safety of the procedure.
Duration of Medical Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Impact on Urodynamics and Post-Prostatectomy Outcome
Authors: Taha Diaa-Eldin , Ibrahim Ali , Talaat Mona , Abdelbaky Tarek , Nabeeh Hossam
Published: February 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess whether the duration of preoperative benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) medication would affect the pressure flow study (PFS) parameters and the outcome of prostate surgery or not. Material and methods: A retrospective study involving patients with LUTS/BPH aged 50 years or older who were compliant with BPH medications. PFS was performed prior to prostate surgery to determine BOO degree and detrusor overactivity. The efficacy of prostate surgery was determined at 3 and 6 months after surgery using the I-PSS, QOL index, Q-max, and PVR. Patients were categorized into group A, who received treatment for 12 months or less, and group B, who received the treatment for 12 months or more. The categorization starts once the patient prefers surgical intervention. Results: A total of 114 patients were enrolled, 50 in group A and 64 patients in group B. The mean duration, in months, of medical treatment was 9.52 ± 2.24 and 22.50 ± 4.35 in group A and group B, respectively. Pdet@Qmax is significantly (p = 0.02) higher in patients of group B (63.85 ± 11.34 vs. 94.75 ± 19.53). The detrusor overactivity amplitude is slightly higher in group A (36.42 ± 37.27 vs. 16.42 ± 28.38) (p = 0.3). The mean I-PSS, Q-max, and PVR at 1, 3, and 6 months were comparable between the groups. Conclusion: After 24 months of BPH medical treatment, no profound PFS changes that may affect the decision of prostate surgery were observed. Patients who completed 24 months of medical treatment were safe as regards to detrusor muscle contractility with no urge to undergo prostate surgery earlier.
IgG4-Related Esophageal Disease Presenting as Esophagitis with Chronic Strictures
Authors: Correia Catarina , Moreira Hélder , Almeida Nuno , Soares Marta , Cipriano Augusta , Figueiredo Pedro
Published: February 2022

IgG4-related disease is a recently recognized autoimmune systemic disorder that has been described in various organs. The disease is characterized histologically by a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with IgG4-positive cells, storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, and can be associated with space-occupying lesions. IgG4-related disease involving the upper gastrointestinal tract is rare. We report the case of a 30-year-old female patient with a long-standing history of severe dysphagia and odynophagia. Symptoms persisted despite anti-acid therapy, and control esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed endoscopic images consistent with a nontransposable stenosis in the proximal esophagus. An underlying autoimmune process was suspected, and topical immunosuppressants were tried to control her disease. The patient maintained disabling dysphagia secondary to chronic esophageal strictures. A diagnosis of probable IgG4-related disease was made after esophageal biopsies. Treatment attempts with topical corticosteroids was not associated with a significant improvement of the symptoms of dysphagia and odynophagia, possibly because of the chronic nature of the disease associated with a high fibrotic component. This report describes a case of IgG4-related esophageal disease presenting as chronic esophagitis with strictures. We also briefly review the main histopathological features and treatment options in IgG4-related disease.
Asprosin, a C-Terminal Cleavage Product of Fibrillin 1 Encoded by the FBN1 Gene, in Health and Disease
Authors: Ovali Mehmet Akif , Bozgeyik Ibrahim
Published: February 2022

Background: Asprosin is a novel fasting-induced, glucogenic, and orexigenic protein hormone that is discovered with the help of genetic studies in patients with neonatal progeroid syndrome. Asprosin is encoded by the penultimate 2 exons (65 and 66) of the fibrillin 1 (FBN1) gene. Profibrillin 1 is the unprocessed protein product of FBN1 and undergoes a proteolytic cleavage by furin enzyme to produce mature fibrillin 1 and asprosin. The main organ responsible for the asprosin production seems to be white adipose tissue. Summary: Asprosin promotes hepatic glucose release in the liver and appetite stimulation in the hypothalamus through activation of the cAMP signaling circuitry through interacting with its G protein-coupled receptor, called OR4M1. Increasing mass of evidence suggests that asprosin is involved in the development and progression of various clinical conditions including diabetes, obesity, cardiomyopathy, cancer, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. It regulates various cellular and physiological processes such as appetite stimulation, glucose release, insulin secretion, apoptotic cell death, and inflammatory response. In this review, we discuss the current literature on asprosin and try to shed light on the yet undiscovered functions of asprosin. Key Message: Asprosin is a key regulatory factor for preserving the homeostasis of energy metabolism.
People with Stroke Are Most Sedentary in the Afternoon and Evening
Authors: English Coralie , Wondergem Roderick , Hendrickx Wendy , Pisters Martijn F.
Published: February 2022

Questions: What are the daily temporal patterns of movement behaviours (sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate-vigorous physical activity) in people with stroke? Do daily temporal patterns of sedentary time differ (a) between subgroups of people with different movement behaviour classifications and (b) over time during the first year after stroke? Design: This study represents secondary exploratory analyses from an observational, longitudinal cohort study (n = 197). Participants: This study included people with first-ever stroke recruited from 4 hospitals in the Netherlands. Outcome Measures: Movement behaviour was objectively measured using the Activ8 activity monitor within 3 weeks after hospital discharge and again at 6 and 12 months later. Results: Participants spent the least time sedentary in the morning with proportionally more sedentary time as the day progressed with maximal sedentary time seen in the evening hours. This pattern did not substantially change over time. Sedentary prolongers spent significantly more absolute time sedentary for each hour of the day, but the daily temporal pattern of sedentary time did not differ between this group and either “sedentary movers” or “sedentary exercisers.” Conclusion: People living at home after stroke are highly sedentary, particularly in the afternoons and evenings, and this pattern does not change during the first year after stroke. Clinicians should encourage people with stroke to find meaningful tasks to do during the day to reduce their sitting time. Researchers developing interventions to encourage people to sit less should include particular focus on the afternoon and evening time periods.
A Smaller Habenula is Associated with Increasing Intensity of Sexual Selection
Authors: Hoops Daniel , Whiting Martin J. , Keogh J. Scott
Published: February 2022

The habenula is a small structure in the brain that acts as a relay station for neural information, helping to modulate behaviour in response to variable and unpredictable stimuli. Broadly, it is evolutionarily conserved in structure and connectivity across vertebrates and is the most prominent bilaterally asymmetric structure in the brain. Nonetheless, comparative evolutionary studies of the habenula are virtually non-existent. Here, we examine the volumes of the medial and lateral habenular subregions, in both hemispheres, across a group of Australian agamid lizards in the genus Ctenophorus. In males, we found bilaterally asymmetrical selection on the lateral habenula to become smaller with increasing intensity of sexual selection, possibly as a mechanism to increase aggressive responses. In females, we found bilaterally symmetrical selection on both the medial and lateral subregions to become smaller with increasing sexual selection. This is consistent with sexual selection increasing motivation to reproduce and the habenula’s well-characterized role in controlling and modifying responses to rewarding stimuli. However, as there are currently no studies addressing habenular function in reptiles, it is difficult to draw more precise conclusions. As has happened recently in biomedical neuroscience, it is time for the habenula to receive greater attention in evolutionary neuroscience.
KIT Exon 9-Mutated Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours: Biology and Treatment
Authors: Napolitano Andrea , Thway Khin , Smith Myles J. , Huang Paul H. , Jones Robin L.
Published: February 2022

Background: The majority of gastroinstestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) harbour oncogenic mutations in the gene encoding for the tyrosine kinase (TK) KIT. The most common mutations are found in exon 11, followed by mutations in exon 9. The latter mutations are associated more frequently with GISTs in extra-gastric locations and with a more aggressive clinical behaviour. Summary: Here, we review the unique and often poorly recognized molecular, biological, and clinical characteristics that differentiate KIT exon 9-mutant GISTs from other GIST subtypes. In particular, KIT exon 9 mutations are associated to KIT mutants with retained sensitivity to stimulation by stem cell factor and localization to the cell membrane. Moreover, KIT exon 9-mutant GISTs display significant activation of KIT-independent oncogenic pathways. These characteristics may explain the limited activity of the TK inhibitor imatinib in the adjuvant setting in KIT exon 9-mutant GISTs, as well as their lower sensitivity to standard dose imatinib in the advanced setting. In contrast, the multi-TK inhibitor sunitinib displays better activity in KIT exon 9-mutant GISTs compared to others. Key Messages: KIT exon 9-mutant GISTs represent a subtype of GIST distinct from other GISTs, including the more common KIT exon 11-mutant GISTs. A better understanding of the molecular biology and clinical behaviour of KIT exon 9-mutant GISTs may help identify more improved treatment options.
Comparative Bioavailability Study of Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Fenofibric Acid in Healthy Male Subjects
Authors: Suhery Wira Noviana , Mudhakir Diky , Sumirtapura Yeyet Cahyati , Pamudji Jessie Sofia
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) formation on the bioavailability of fenofibric acid. Subject and Methods: Three formulations of fenofibric acid, namely, S-SNEDDS containing medium-chain triglyceride (FS1), S-SNEDDS containing long-chain triglyceride (FS2), and FSt as tablet of innovator product, were used in this study. Bioavailability study was conducted in 12 Indonesian healthy male subjects after a single-dose administration of each formulation with three-way crossover design. Blood samples were collected from 0 to 72 h after drug administration and then analyzed using the high-performance liquid chromatography method. Data were statistically analyzed using the ANOVA and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test using a p value of 0.05. Dissolution test was carried out with USP dissolution apparatus using three medium (pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8). Results: The rates of absorption of fenofibric acid from S-SNEDDS FS1 and FS2 were significantly increased about 1.78 and 2.40 times, respectively, relative to FSt. Tmax values of FS1 and FS2 were shorter than FSt, namely, 0.96 ± 0.438 h (FS1), 0.71 ± 0.445 h (FS2), and 1.71 ± 0.840 h (FSt), respectively. Meanwhile, the Cmax and AUC values of FS1, FS2, and FSt were found to be not significantly different with a p value of >0.05. S-SNEDDS formation increased the dissolution rate in acid medium. Conclusions: S-SNEDDS increased the dissolution rate in acid medium and absorption rate of fenofibric acid but did not increase the extent of fenofibric acid absorption.
Ação Griô no contexto da Escola Classe - Ceilândia - DF: tradição, arte e educação
Authors: Resende Fabíloa
Published: February 2022

As tradições orais e as artes cênicas proporcionam momentos de aprendizados e vivências que transformam a fala em encantamento. Este artigo trata de um estudo sobre tradição, arte e educação como fontes inspiradoras para a vida. Tradição dos saberes dos Griôs, de suas histórias de vida e ofícios, arte relacionada aos recursos cênicos utilizados para mediarem o diálogo e educação como troca de conhecimentos que acontece em todos os ambientes ocupados pelos seres humanos. Relata a Ação Griô no contexto da Escola Classe – Ceilâmdia DF. A Ação Griô Nacional é um programa criado e implementado pelos coordenadores do Ponto de Cultura Grãos de Luz e Griô em gestão compartilhada com o Ministério da Cultura – MinC e representantes da sociedade civil. Esta Ação compartilhou a Pedagogia Griô em sua implementação no sentido de contribuir para que os saberes de Mestres e Mestras Griôs de tradição oral sejam reconhecidos nas escolas, em suas comunidades e governos e a sistematização de práticas pedagógicas com referência na oralidade.
A Defensoria Pública no combate à discriminação racial: sensibilidades, discursos e práticas
Authors: Radomysler Clio Nudel
Published: February 2022

A Defensoria Pública no combate à discriminação racial: sensibilidades, discursos e práticas
Ricardo Reis: um homem e um ano
Authors: Paz Demétrio Alves
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como se dá a relação entre literatura e história no romance O ano da morte de Ricardo Reis, de José Saramago. Em nossa hipótese, a relação é estabelecida por meio da intertextualidade na obra. Para a análise, usamos três diálogos entre Ricardo Reis e Fernando Pessoa, mas que também se referem à Lídia, à Marcenda e ao contexto histórico presente no livro.
Relações públicas digitais como alternativa aos algoritmos das plataformas de mídias sociais
Authors: Terra Carolina Frazon
Published: February 2022

Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica acompanhada de exemplos reais originados de amostragem não probabilística intencional, o artigo trata da possibilidade de uso de estratégias de relações públicas digitais como uma alternativa ao bloqueio imposto pelos algoritmos das plataformas de mídias sociais. Apoiado em casos reais, o artigo é iniciado pela conceituação do algoritmo, passando pela caracterização das relações públicas digitais e, depois, abordando a utilização destas para compensar entraves impostos pelos sites de redes sociai. Por fim, apresentam-se as considerações finais.
Políticas públicas de Biblioteca Escolar
Authors: Sala Fabiana , Militão Silvio César Nunes
Published: February 2022

A trajetória educacional brasileira é marcada por intensos acontecimentos que determinaram a história da educação e da biblioteca escolar. A fim de destacar a trajetória da biblioteca escolar na legislação nacional, o presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar o que as principais legislações e iniciativas do Governo Federal trazem explicitamente sobre a questão, destacando seus silêncios e/ou omissões sobre a biblioteca escolar. Como procedimentos metodológicos, o estudo contou com a pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, abrangendo revisão bibliográfica e análise documental. Os resultados demonstram que apesar de estar contemplada em algumas das principais legislações educacionais do país, a biblioteca escolar não é relacionada em um debate mais profundo sobre o seu papel na formação. Contudo, à promulgação de recentes legislações e políticas educacionais, revela a existência de uma ação política preocupada com essas organizações. Todavia, compete também a comunidade escolar cobrar a aplicação da mesma, a fim de evitar que seja postergada em detrimentos de novos interesses.
Excitação na Bundesliga 2020: pandemia, futebol e retóricas de transmissão
Authors: Cardoso Filho Jorge , Matos Matheus Vianna
Published: February 2022

Este artigo discute as estratégias empregadas na temporada 2019/2020 da Bundesliga para a produção de excitação no público telespectador, após a retomada do campeonato sem a possibilidade de torcedores nos estádios para acompanhar os jogos. Interrompida por cerca de dois meses devido à pandemia da covid-19, a Bundesliga promoveu no seu retorno um modelo de transmissão que buscou simular a presença física dos torcedores no estádio, mediante recursos visuais, sonoros e audiovisuais, a fim de garantir a aderência a um modelo dominante da transmissão espetáculo. O artigo, então, apresenta uma descrição das transmissões e de seus aspectos técnicos e interpreta seus elementos à luz dos conceitos de excitação, espetacularização e paisagem sonora. Concluímos discutindo se e como as estratégias de transmissão podem romper com o modelo lo-fi de paisagem sonora, apontando valores sociais e estéticos predominantes e/ou emergentes.
The Incomplete Domestication of Wauja Women
Authors: Ireland Emilienne M.
Published: February 2022

In 1981, the Wauja women of Central Brazil, despite burdens they endured due to their gender, nevertheless enjoyed certain freedoms that men did not. Among these were greater freedom of movement around the village, and freedom to speak privately with women from any household. These freedoms were not trivial, and gave women privileged access to information of all kinds (“gossip”). In this way, women were able to shape community perception of events in ways that men could not. Women’s labor and economic contribution, in those days, was considered as essential as that of men. Four decades later, Wauja women no longer exchange news with other women as they walk to the river together to draw water. Instead, access to information is increasingly shaped by digital devices, which many young married women do not own. These women often live as their husbands’ economic dependents, because men earn salaries and control the bank accounts. How did women’s lives change so much in a single generation, and how are Wauja women responding?
Renal Denervation Prevents Atrial Arrhythmogenic Substrate Development in CKD
Authors: Hohl Mathias , Selejan Simina-Ramona , Wintrich Jan , Lehnert Ulrike , Speer Thimoteus , Schneider Clara , Mauz Muriel , Markwirth Philipp , Wong Dickson W.L. , Boor Peter , Kazakov Andrey , Mollenhauer Martin , Linz Benedikt , Klinkhammer Barbara Mara , Hübner Ulrich , Ukena Christian , Moellmann Julia , Lehrke Michael , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Werner Christian , Linz Dominik , Mahfoud Felix , Böhm Michael
Published: February 2022

Background:

In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), atrial fibrillation (AF) is highly prevalent and represents a major risk factor for stroke and death. CKD is associated with atrial proarrhythmic remodeling and activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Whether reduction of the sympathetic nerve activity by renal denervation (RDN) inhibits AF vulnerability in CKD is unknown.

Methods:

Left atrial (LA) fibrosis was analyzed in samples from patients with AF and concomitant CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], <60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
) using picrosirius red and compared with AF patients without CKD and patients with sinus rhythm with and without CKD. In a translational approach, male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with 0.25% adenine (AD)-containing chow for 16 weeks to induce CKD. At week 5, AD-fed rats underwent RDN or sham operation (AD). Rats on normal chow served as control. After 16 weeks, cardiac function and AF susceptibility were assessed by echocardiography, radiotelemetry, electrophysiological mapping, and burst stimulation, respectively. LA tissue was histologically analyzed for sympathetic innervation using tyrosine hydroxylase staining, and LA fibrosis was determined using picrosirius red.

Results:

Sirius red staining demonstrated significantly increased LA fibrosis in patients with AF+CKD compared with AF without CKD or sinus rhythm. In rats, AD demonstrated LA structural changes with enhanced sympathetic innervation compared with control. In AD, LA enlargement was associated with prolonged duration of induced AF episodes, impaired LA conduction latency, and increased absolute conduction inhomogeneity. RDN treatment improved LA remodeling and reduced LA diameter compared with sham-operated AD. Furthermore, RDN decreased AF susceptibility and ameliorated LA conduction latency and absolute conduction inhomogeneity, independent of blood pressure reduction and renal function.

Conclusions:

In an experimental rat model of CKD, RDN inhibited progression of atrial structural and electrophysiological remodeling. Therefore, RDN represents a potential therapeutic tool to reduce the risk of AF in CKD, independent of changes in renal function and blood pressure.
Association of Disease‐Specific Health Status With Long‐Term Survival in Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Tran Andy T. , Spertus John A. , Mena‐Hurtado Carlos I. , Jones Philip G. , Aronow Herbert D. , Safley David M. , Malik Ali O. , Peri‐Okonny Poghni A. , Shishehbor Mehdi H. , Labrosciano Clementine , Smolderen Kim G.
Published: February 2022

Background

While peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity with mortality remaining high and challenging to predict, accurate understanding of serial PAD‐specific health status around the time of diagnosis may prognosticate long‐term mortality risk.

Methods and Results

Patients with new or worsening PAD symptoms enrolled in the PORTRAIT Registry across 10 US sites from 2011 to 2015 were included. Health status was assessed by the Peripheral Artery Questionnaire (PAQ) Summary score at baseline, 3‐month, and change from baseline to 3‐month follow‐up. Kaplan‐Meier using 3‐month landmark and hierarchical Cox regression models were constructed to assess the association of the PAQ with 5‐year all‐cause mortality. Of the 711 patients (mean age 68.8±9.6 years, 40.9% female, 72.7% white; mean PAQ 47.5±22.0 and 65.9±25.0 at baseline and 3‐month, respectively), 141 (19.8%) died over a median follow‐up of 4.1 years. In unadjusted models, baseline (HR, 0.90 per‐10‐point increment; 95% CI, 0.84–0.97;
P
=0.008), 3‐month (HR [95% CI], 0.87 [0.82–0.93];
P
<0.001) and change in PAQ (HR [95% CI], 0.92 [0.85–0.99];
P
=0.021) were each associated with mortality. In fully adjusted models including combination of scores, 3‐month PAQ was more strongly associated with mortality than either baseline (3‐month HR [95% CI], 0.85 [0.78–0.92];
P
<0.001; C‐statistic, 0.77) or change (3‐month HR [95% CI], 0.79 [0.72–0.87];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

PAD‐specific health status is independently associated with 5‐year survival in patients with new or worsening PAD symptoms, with the most recent assessment being most prognostic. Future work is needed to better understand how this information can be used proactively to optimize care.
Association of Diabetes Duration and Glycemic Control With Stroke Rate in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Diabetes: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Abdel‐Qadir Husam , Gunn Madison , Lega Iliana C. , Pang Andrea , Austin Peter C. , Singh Sheldon M. , Jackevicius Cynthia A. , Tu Karen , Dorian Paul , Lee Douglas S. , Ko Dennis T.
Published: February 2022

Background

There are limited data on the association of diabetes duration and glycemic control with stroke risk in atrial fibrillation (AF). Our objective was to study the association of diabetes duration and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with the rate of stroke in people with diabetes and newly diagnosed AF.

Methods and Results

This was a population‐based cohort study using linked administrative data sets. We studied 37 209 individuals aged ≥66 years diagnosed with AF in Ontario between April 2009 and March 2019, who had diabetes diagnosed 1 to 16 years beforehand. The primary outcome was hospitalization for stroke at 1 year. Cause‐specific hazard regression was used to model the association of diabetes duration and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with the rate of stroke. Restricted cubic spline analyses showed increasing hazard ratios (HR) for stroke with longer diabetes duration that plateaued after 10 years and increasing HRs for stroke with HbA1c levels >7%. Relative to patients with <5 years diabetes duration, stroke rates were significantly higher for patients with ≥10 years duration (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.16–1.82;
P
=0.001), while diabetes duration 5 to <10 years was not significantly different. Relative to glycated hemoglobin 6% to <7%, values ≥8% were associated with higher stroke rates (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.12–1.84;
P
=0.004), while other HbA1c categories were not significantly different.

Conclusions

Longer diabetes duration and higher glycated hemoglobin were associated with significantly higher stroke rates in patients with AF and diabetes. Models for stroke risk prediction and preventive care in AF may be improved by considering patients’ diabetes characteristics.
Differences in Prognosis and Cardiac Function According to Required Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support and Histological Findings in Patients With Fulminant Myocarditis: Insights From the CHANGE PUMP 2 Study
Authors: Kondo Toru , Okumura Takahiro , Shibata Naoki , Imaizumi Takahiro , Dohi Kaoru , Izawa Hideo , Ohte Nobuyuki , Amano Tetsuya , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: February 2022

Background

Prognoses and long‐term cardiac function of patients with fulminant myocarditis have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we clarified the prognoses and long‐term cardiac function according to required percutaneous mechanical circulatory support and histological findings among patients with fulminant myocarditis.

Methods and Results

We conducted a multicenter retrospective medical record review of 216 patients with fulminant myocarditis requiring percutaneous mechanical circulatory support. Sixty‐one patients were treated with intra‐aortic balloon pump or Impella alone, and 155 patients received veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and were treated with or without intra‐aortic balloon pump or Impella. Histologically, 107 patients had lymphocytic myocarditis; 34, eosinophilic myocarditis; and 4, giant cell myocarditis. Freedom from composite end point (death, durable left ventricular assist device implantation, and heart transplantation) was 66% at 90 days, 62% at 1 year, and 57% at 6 years. Veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use was associated with poor prognosis in the multivariable analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 5.27; 95% CI, 1.60–17.36). The eosinophilic myocarditis subgroup showed better prognosis (HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.10–0.80) compared with the lymphocytic myocarditis subgroup but not in the multivariable analysis. Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation rhythm at admission, high C‐reactive protein level, and no endomyocardial biopsy were also associated with poor prognosis. The left ventricular ejection fraction at 1 year was ≤50% in 16% of patients and was lower in patients with eosinophilic myocarditis (median: 57.9% [48.8–65.0%]) than in those with lymphocytic myocarditis (65.0% [58.6–68.7%]) (
P
=0.036).

Conclusions

Patients with fulminant myocarditis who received veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation had a poor prognosis. Long‐term cardiac function was impaired in some patients, especially those with eosinophilic myocarditis.
Teleproctoring for Training in Structural Heart Interventions: Initial Real‐World Experience During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Beyhoff Niklas , Zhu Miry , Zanders Lukas , Leistner David M. , Nobles Anthony , Schroeder Mark , Barbieri Fabian , Landmesser Ulf , Reinthaler Markus
Published: February 2022

Background

Proctoring represents a cornerstone in the acquisition of state‐of‐the‐art cardiovascular interventions. Yet, travel restrictions and containment measures during the COVID‐19 pandemic limited on‐site proctoring for training and expert support in interventional cardiology.

Methods and Results

We established a teleproctoring setup for training in a novel patent foramen ovale closure device system (NobleStitch EL, HeartStitch Inc, Fountain Valley, CA) at our institution using web‐based real‐time bidirectional audiovisual communication. A total of 6 patients with prior paradoxical embolic stroke and a right‐to‐left shunt of grade 2 or 3 were treated under remote proctorship after 3 cases were performed successfully under on‐site proctorship. No major device/procedure‐related adverse events occurred, and none of the patients had a residual right‐to‐left shunt of grade 1 or higher after the procedure. Additionally, we sought to provide an overview of current evidence available for teleproctoring in interventional cardiology. Literature review was performed identifying 6 previous reports on teleproctoring for cardiovascular interventions, most of which were related to the current COVID‐19 pandemic. In all reports, teleproctoring was carried out in similar settings with comparable setups; no major adverse events were reported.

Conclusions

Teleproctoring may represent a feasible and safe tool for location‐independent and cost‐effective training in a novel patent foramen ovale closure device system. Future prospective trials comparing teleproctoring with traditional on‐site proctoring are warranted.
GCKIII (Germinal Center Kinase III) Kinases STK24 and STK25 (Serine/Threonine Kinase 24 and 25) Inhibit Cavernoma Development
Authors: Sartages Miriam , García-Colomer Mar , Iglesias Cristina , Howell Brian W. , Macía Manuel , Peña Patricia , Pombo Celia M. , Zalvide Juan
Published: February 2022

Background:

Cavernous cerebral malformations can arise because of mutations in the
CCM1
,
CCM2
, or
CCM3
genes, and lack of
Cdc42
has also been reported to induce these malformations in mice. However, the role of the CCM3 (cerebral cavernous malformation 3)-associated kinases in cavernoma development is not known, and we, therefore, have investigated their role in the process.

Methods:

We used a combination of an in vivo approach, using mice genetically modified to be deficient in the CCM3-associated kinases STK24 and STK25 (serine/threonine kinases 24 and 25), and the in vitro model of human endothelial cells in which expression of
STK24
and
STK25
was inhibited by RNA interference.

Results:

Mice deficient for both
Stk24
and
Stk25
, but not for either of them individually, developed aggressive vascular lesions with the characteristics of cavernomas at an early age.
Stk25
deficiency also gave rise to vascular anomalies in the context of
Stk24
heterozygosity. Human endothelial cells deficient for both kinases phenocopied several of the consequences of
CCM3
loss, and single
STK25
deficiency also induced
KLF2
expression, Golgi dispersion, altered distribution of β-catenin, and appearance of stress fibers.

Conclusions:

The CCM3-associated kinases STK24 and STK25 play a major role in the inhibition of cavernoma development.
Dealing with Disagreements: Looking Beyond the Majority Vote in Subjective Annotations
Authors: Davani Aida Mostafazadeh , Díaz Mark , Prabhakaran Vinodkumar
Published: February 2022

Majority voting and averaging are common approaches used to resolve annotator disagreements and derive single ground truth labels from multiple annotations. However, annotators may systematically disagree with one another, often reflecting their individual biases and values, especially in the case of subjective tasks such as detecting affect, aggression, and hate speech. Annotator disagreements may capture important nuances in such tasks that are often ignored while aggregating annotations to a single ground truth. In order to address this, we investigate the efficacy of multi-annotator models. In particular, our multi-task based approach treats predicting each annotators’ judgements as separate subtasks, while sharing a common learned representation of the task. We show that this approach yields same or better performance than aggregating labels in the data prior to training across seven different binary classification tasks. Our approach also provides a way to estimate uncertainty in predictions, which we demonstrate better correlate with annotation disagreements than traditional methods. Being able to model uncertainty is especially useful in deployment scenarios where knowing when not to make a prediction is important.
A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Barytelphusa (Decapoda, Brachyura, Gecarcinucidae) from the Eastern Ghats of India
Authors: Mandal Sudipta , Mitra Santanu , Laskar Boni A. , Adimalla Harikumar , Jaiswal Deepa
Published: February 2022

A new species of gecarcinucid crab, Barytelphusa choprai sp. nov., is described here from the Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh state of India. The new species differs from all three congeners by its convex and trapezoidal carapace, pale white colouration, and by a distinct structure of the male gonopod G1. It differs from its congeners by genetic distance (p-distance) in the range of 5.7-13.6% in partial mtCOI gene sequence. The habitat at the type locality is a slow flowing shallow stream with rocky substratum, covered with silt and debris, and devoid of aquatic vegetation.
Hamaticolax physiculi sp. nov. (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Bomolochidae) parasitic in the bucco-branchial cavity of Physiculus japonicus Hilgendorf, 1879 (Pisces, Gadiformes, Moridae)
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko
Published: February 2022

Hamaticolax physiculi sp. nov. is described based on specimens of both sexes and copepodids IV and V female recovered from the bucco-branchial cavity of the Japanese codling Physiculus japonicus Hilgendorf, 1879 (Pisces, Gadiformes, Moridae), captured on the upper continental slope, off the Pacific coast of, mainly, Mie Prefecture. Pre-mature mate guarding of a mature male on an immature female is observed in the species.
Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Colombia: An annotated checklist of species
Authors: CASTRO-HUERTAS VALENTINA , GRAZIA JOCELIA , FORERO DIMITRI , FERNÁNDEZ FERNANDO , SCHWERTNER CRISTIANO F.
Published: February 2022

A checklist of 5 subfamilies, 108 genera, and 246 species of stinks bugs (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) from Colombia is provided. Three genera [Andrallus Bergroth, Placocoris Mayr, and Pseudobebaeus Distant], and eight species [Arocera spectabilis (Drury), Andrallus spinidens (Fabricius), Banasa excavata Thomas, Banasa saileri Thomas, Banasa varians Stål, Chinavia scutellata (Distant), Pelidnocoris haglundi Ruckes, and Pseudobebaeus truncatus (Fallou)] are recorded for the first time from Colombia. Images of dorsal external habitus for all genera that occur in Colombia are offered. This is the first time a comprehensive list of the stink bugs from Colombia is presented, providing a baseline to develop further studies in this group of true bugs.