bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Occupational Impact of AI: Tasks, Cognitive Abilities and AI Benchmarks
Authors: Tolan Songül , Pesole Annarosa , Martínez-Plumed Fernando , Fernández-Macías Enrique , Hernández-Orallo José , Gómez Emilia
Published: June 2021

In this paper we develop a framework for analysing the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on occupations. This framework maps 59 generic tasks from worker surveys and an occupational database to 14 cognitive abilities (that we extract from the cognitive science literature) and these to a comprehensive list of 328 AI benchmarks used to evaluate research intensity across a broad range of different AI areas. The use of cognitive abilities as an intermediate layer, instead of mapping work tasks to AI benchmarks directly, allows for an identification of potential AI exposure for tasks for which AI applications have not been explicitly created. An application of our framework to occupational databases gives insights into the abilities through which AI is most likely to affect jobs and allows for a ranking of occupations with respect to AI exposure. Moreover, we show that some jobs that were not known to be affected by previous waves of automation may now be subject to higher AI exposure. Finally, we find that some of the abilities where AI research is currently very intense are linked to tasks with comparatively limited labour input in the labour markets of advanced economies (e.g., visual and auditory processing using deep learning, and sensorimotor interaction through (deep) reinforcement learning).

This article appears in the special track on AI and Society.
Torsion-shear behaviour at the interfaces of rigid interlocking blocks in masonry assemblages: experimental investigation and analytical approaches
Authors: Casapulla Claudia , Mousavian Elham , Argiento Luca , Ceraldi Carla , Bagi Katalin
Published: June 2021

Increasing interest has recently been devoted to interlocking blocks/interfaces capable to enhance the sliding resistance of masonry joints to external forces. In this framework, this paper deals with the assessment of the torsion-shear capacity of the contact interface between the lock and the main body of an interlocking block, assumed to have a cohesive behaviour. The interlocking block is a rigid unit which, on its faces, have square cuboidal locks keeping the adjacent/overlapped blocks together and preventing blocks from sliding. Two numerical approaches and a novel ad hoc experimental investigation are proposed to simulate the torsion-shear behaviour by applying eccentrical shear forces to the lock. First, concave, convex and corrected concave formulations provided by the literature for assemblages of rigid blocks with conventional planar joints are extended to model the interlocking block behaviour. Then, according to a second approach based on the discrete element method, the concave-shaped interlocking block is modelled by convex polyhedrons representing the lock and the main body of the block, considered as individual rigid units stacked over each other with a cohesive contact in between. A novel experimental investigation on the limiting pure shear and torsion-shear combinations at the lock interface made of cohesive material is also presented. Two different mortars were chosen to make the specimens, which were casted using 3D printed moulds, and different test configurations were set up to simulate shear and torsion-shear failures. The analytical and numerical results are compared with each other and against the experimental ones, with interesting remarks on the application of the different approaches.
AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ DÜZEYİNDE YÖNETİŞİM VE SİYASAL TERİTORYALİTE
Authors: YILMAZ Samet , REÇBER Kamuran
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışma, Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) teritoryal yapısını, münhasıran teritoryalitenin siyasal boyutu kapsamında analiz etmektedir. AB’nin teritoryal niteliği, ağırlıklı olarak modern ile post-modern veya post-nasyonel şeklinde tek bir kavram altında birleştirilebilecek yaklaşımlar ve bunların teritoryal sonuçları açısından ele alınmaktadır. Bu kapsamda yapılmış olan çalışmalar da genellikle AB’nin ya zayıf bir teritoryal ya da teritoryal olmayan bir örgütlenme olduğu sonucuna ulaşmaktadır. Hâlbuki bir siyasal örgütlenme olan, belli bir mekânsal uzantı üzerinde etkinlik kuran ve kamusal nitelikte düzen üreten AB, bünyesinde barındırdığı yönetişim düzeyleriyle, mekânsal bir kontrol stratejisi olan ve farklı yoğunlukta uygulanabilen teritoryalitenin bazı temel unsurlarını bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Bu bakımdan AB, teritoryal olmayan bir siyasal örgütlenme modeli olarak değerlendirilmemelidir. Sahip olduğu yasal kapasite ve araçlar çerçevesinde AB, özerk bir teritoryal işleyiş oluşturmakta ve çok düzeyli bir yapı içerisinde, başta üye devletler olmak üzere alt düzeydeki aktörlerle işbirliği yaparak etkileşimlerin düzenlendiği yönetimsel bir alan ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu şekilde uluslarüstü düzeyde teritoryal bir sınırlandırılmışlık tanzim edilmektedir.
MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP TYPE IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY: VIEW FROM TURKEY
Authors: OKATAN Kağan
Published: June 2021

'Management' and 'leadership' culture in automotive industry which has an important place in Turkey’s exports, was measured with examples. Organizational culture was measured according to the typologies of 'market', ‘adhocracy', 'clan' and ‘hierarchy'. 'Competing values framework’ was used as a measurement tool on the collected first hand data. The use of the competing values framework was also enabled the identification of general organizational culture in exemplary corporations. As a result of the study, it was demonstrated that dominance of 'market' type culture which is customer and external oriented and also focuses on success and competition, in the management and leadership at automotive industry. The market culture type has been observed as the top culture type, especially in the 'organizational leadership’ dimensions of all sample corporations. In light of these results, the study showed us that the perception of success in management and leadership is intensely focused on 'business outcomes'.
ORTAÇAĞ İSLAM DÜNYASINDA UNVAN-LAKAP KULLANIMLARI HAKKINDA BİR İNCELEME: UNVAN VE LAKAP KAPILARI AÇILIRKEN
Authors: MIYNAT Ali
Published: June 2021

İslam medeniyetinin asli unsurlarını oluşturan Türkler, Araplar ve İranlılarda unvan veya lakap kullanımı çok eski bir gelenektir. Bu halklar, İslamla birlikte bazı geleneksel unvan ve lakapları kullanmaya devam ederken, onların yanına İslamî geleneğe göre yeni türetilenleri de eklemişlerdir. İslam’ın ilk yıllarında halifeler, hükümdarlar, valiler, vezirler ve diğer üst düzey devlet yöneticileri daha az sayıda ve kısmen mütevazi unvanlar ve lakaplar kullanırken, 10. yüzyıldan itibaren unvan ve lakap sayılarında ciddî bir enflasyon baş göstermiştir. Bu durum onların değerini düşürdüğü gibi, zamanla hükümdarlar arasında abartılı ve şaşalı unvan ve lakap kullanma yarışı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu durum özellikle hilafet merkezi Bağdat’ın 945 senesinde Şiî Büveyhoğulları tarafından zaptı ve Büveyhî emîrlerinin Abbasi halifelerini kontrolleri altına almasından sonra görünmektedir. 10.-11. Yüzyıl İslam tarihi kaynaklarında unvan ve lakap kullanımlarındaki ölçüsüzlük ve abartı hakkında sert ve çarpıcı eleştiriler, örnekler kendini göstermektedir. Bu makale yaşanan bu sürecin ortaya çıkışı, nedeni, doğurduğu sonuçlara odaklanacak, ayrıca devrin kaynaklarından örneklerle ortaya çıkan tepkiler ve eleştiriler değerlendirilecektir.
Thermal vibrational convection of a pseudoplastic fluid in a rectangular cavity
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Nikulina S. A. , Perminov A. V. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Lyubimova T. P. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics of the Ural Branch of RAS
Published: June 2021

Thermal vibrational convection of a pseudoplastic fluid in a closed rectangular cavity, which is in zero gravity and performing longitudinal high-frequency linearly polarized vibrations, is studied. The temperature gradient is perpendicular to the direction of vibration. The system of equations of thermovibrational convection of a Williamson pseudoplastic fluid is given. The problem was solved by the finite difference method. The effect of vibrations on the structure and intensity of flows is investigated. The magnitude of the vibrational effect on the liquid was determined by the vibrational Grashof number. The dependences of the maximum of the stream function and the Nusselt number, which determines the heat flux through the boundary of the cavity, on the vibrational Grashof number are obtained. The threshold values of the vibrational Grashof number and the Nusselt number corresponding to a change in the flow regime are determined. At small values of the Grashof vibration number in the cavity, a slow four-vortex symmetric flow is observed. With an increase in the vibrational impact, an intense three-vortex motion arises in the cavity, which transforms into five vortex-like motion. For the five vortex flows, there exists the region of Grashof vibration numbers, where this flow is oscillatory in nature. With increasing degree of non-Newtonian fluid, initially periodic oscillations become chaotic.
The experimental study of ferrocolloid surface tension in a magnetic field
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Khokhryakova C. A. , Shmyrova A. I. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Mizeva I. A. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Shmyrov A. V. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS
Published: June 2021

Direct measurements of surface tension, viscosity and surface elasticity under the action of external forces are often impossible. In many tasks, the magnetic fluid surface tension is considered to be independent of the magnitude of the applied magnetic field and is determined by the properties of the base fluid. The anisotropy of the magnetic properties at the interface due to the jump in the fluid’s magnetization suggests the dependence of the surface tension tensor on the magnetic field. In this paper, we propose a new experimental method for studying the surface tension of a magnetic fluid in an external uniform magnetic field, depending on the orientation of the magnetic field intensity towards the liquid-gas interface. The study was carried out with the help of modified capillary wave method in a magnetic field orthogonal to the liquid surface and with the ring detachment method in the case of a longitudinal field. It was shown experimentally that the surface tension of a ferrocolloid fluid base (kerosene) does not depend either on the frequency of capillary waves excitation or on intensity of an applied external magnetic field, and corresponds to the value determined with the help of a commercial tensiometer by the standard method of ring detachment. The surface tension of the ferrofluid decreases with increasing intensity of the orthogonal magnetic field interface and with increasing frequency of acoustic vibrations. However, an increase in the field strength longitudinally directed to the interface, provokes an increase in the surface tension of the magnetic fluid. The experimental results are in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions by A. V. Zhukov: the eigenvalues of the surface tension tensor monotonically increase with the tangential magnetic field component and monotonically decrease with an increase in its normal component.
THE DETERMINATION OF CLOUD COVER PARAMETERS USING SATELLITE DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS
Authors:   European Center of State Research Center of Space Hydrometeorology ", Volkova Elena Viktorovna ,   Planeta", Kostornaya Anzhelika Andreevna ,   Siberian Center of State Research Center of Space Hydrometeorology "Planeta", Amikishieva Ruslana Aleksandrovna ,   Novosibirsk State University,   Siberian Center of State Research Center of Space Hydrometeorology "Planeta"
Published: June 2021

The paper discusses the results of comparing cloud cover properties determined by using polar orbiting satellite data (AVHRR/NOAA and MSU-MR/Meteor-M No. 2) for the European territory of Russia and Western Siberia. The cloud characteristics were computed by two threshold techniques: Complex Threshold Technique (CTT) (developed at the European Centre of the State Research Center ‗Planeta‘) and Cloud Cover Detection Technique (CCDT) (developed at the Siberian Centre of ‗Planeta‘). Pixel-by-pixel comparison was performed for very close in time satellite observations, and it showed that in spite of technical similarity of the two radiometers and little difference between both techniques used for the classifications, the results were not the same. The quality of the MSU-MR classification is significantly worse than that of the two AVHRR classifications. In fact, the MSU-MR derivation of cloud parameters fails in optically thin cirrus and altocumulus clouds, thus underestimating the cloud top height for multilayered clouds. As a result, the cloud top is found to be lower, warmer and less iced in comparison with both AVHRR estimates, regardless of the region and other conditions; on the contrary, the cloud top of low and middle clouds appears to be colder, higher and more iced according to MSU-MR data. The MSU-MR cloud mask is strongly underestimated at night during the cold period of the year. The CTT and CCDT‘s cloud top height, temperature and water phase retrieved by AVHRR data are quite close for both regions.
METHODS OF SHORT-TERM FORECASTING OF ICE THICKNESS GROWTH IN THE NORTH-EASTERN PART OF THE CASPIAN SEA
Authors:   Russian State Hydrometeorological University, Naurozbayeva Zhanar K. , Lobanov Vladimir A. ,   Russian State Hydrometeorological University
Published: June 2021

The Caspian Sea is a southern sea with annual ice cover in the northern part. The thickness of the ice can reach one meter or more, depending on the severity of the winter. The sea ice of the Caspian Sea is characterized by significant variability, which affects human activities (industrial, fishing ones) as well as the fauna of the region. Based on daily information of North Caspian stations for the last 10 years, there has been developed short-term forecasting methodology for predicting daily increase in ice thickness. The effectiveness of the method was evaluated on the basis of calculation-dependent and independent materials of different lead times. The daily forecast of ice thickness growth was 82 to 98% justified. Climate research allowed us to establish that the maximum ice thickness has decreased stepwise since the late 1980s by 20–25 cm. This is due to the lower sum of negative temperatures, which in turn is associated with an increase in the number of days with a W form of atmospheric circulation and a decrease in the number of days with an E form in the winter period.
ANTI-IMMIGRANT RHETORIC IN THE BRITISH MEDIA BEFORE AND AFTER THE REFERENDUM
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics (Nizhny Novgorod), Balakina Yuliya , Galochkin Aleksandr ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics (Nizhny Novgorod)
Published: June 2021

The present comparative study focuses on the British anti-migrant media discourse of two key periods of migration policy - before and after Brexit. The methodological basis of the work constituted the theory of social actors of van Leuven (2008), the conceptual opposition “us” and “them” by T. van Dijk (1989), and the agenda-setting theory of M. McCombs and D. Shaw (1972). Using a comprehensive analysis of the selected material and the methods of modern computer linguistics, the authors set themselves the task of identifying changes in the tonality of media discourse, key strategies for representing migrants as social actors, and analyzing the media agenda of various political stance with regard to the recent referendum. The data obtained demonstrate the prevalence of the criminalization strategy of migrants in conservative media and their victimization in liberal media both before and after the referendum. However, after the Brexit, there is a shift from a clearly negative tone of media texts of both views to more neutral rhetoric. An analysis of the agenda shows that significant political events unambiguously affect the number of publications in the media in general. However, the strategies used to represent migrants are predefined by the political views of publications.
ELECTORAL LOYALTY AND QUALITY OF SERVICE DELIVERY IN RUSSIAN MUNICIPALITIES
Authors:   European University at St. Petersburg, Zavadskaya Margarita ,   Alexander Institute of the University of Helsinki
Published: June 2021

Local self-government in Russia has undergone a number of transformations - from spontaneous decentralization in the 1990s until the stage-by-stage integration into the state vertical system from 2003-2006. Despite the de facto loss of political and, partly, administrative autonomy, we see a huge diversity in the quality of governance and provision of public goods at the local level. Based on the Database of Municipalities' Characteristics (DMC) of Rosstat from 2008 to 2017 and data from the Central Election Commission (CEC of the Russian Federation), the article presents indices of the quality of the provision of public goods and analyzes the relationship with the Duma voting in 2016 and the budgetary autonomy of the municipality. Despite the continuing centralization of government, researchers still observe an impressive variation in both the formats of political competition and administrative practices in the regions, especially at the local level. The results of the analysis point to a number of patterns: 1. There is no strong link between budget independence and the quality of management; 2. Securing votes does not lead to the attraction of additional resources to the field and may even divert scarce funds and the human resources to technically support this loyalty.
CONSTRUCTION OF THE BRITISH NATIONAL IDENTITY IN RELATION TO BREXIT: EVOLUTION OF THE DISCOURSE OF THE PRIME MINISTERS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Kazakov I.V. ,   Pskov State University
Published: June 2021

The discursive reality of Brexit had its effects on the discourse of the British Conservative Party which is important as the latter plays a key role in the process of making political decisions. The article discusses the components of the British national identity linked with the UK's membership in the European Union and Brexit as a political process. The UK's case is unique as it allows us to trace the identity transformation during the process of withdrawal from this integration group. The author chooses the constructivist approach and post-positivist discourse analysis as the main method. The paper studies the speeches of conservative politicians and parliamentary debates to analyze the changes in the discourse of the Conservative Party during the terms of the UK’s last three prime ministers. The discursive layers are highlighted: basic concepts, basic political orientations and extratextual ideological constructions used by conservative politicians to construct reality. The author traces the transformation of ideological constructions of the conservative party's discourse and consecutive changes in the significance of individual elements of the British national identity in the discourse. The paper examines relations between British and European identities, between the images of Britain and the EU in the discourse of British conservatives.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ROLE OF TERRITORIAL ONLINE COMMUNITIES
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Kaminchenko D. I.
Published: June 2021

The research is devoted to the study of the topic of networkization of the socio-political space that is relevant in the context of the informatization of modern society. The author analyzes one of the displays of modern politics networkization in the paper. Its demonstration is associated with the growing social and political role of territorial Internet communities. The functioning of one of the Nizhny Novgorod Internet communities is studied as an example. The theoretical basis of the study is the theory of the information society and several concepts: the concept of the network community and the concept of the network identity. The paper uses content-analysis and comparative analysis as the applied analysis methods. The results of the study do not confirm the assumption that network communities' functioning contributes to an increased degree of civic engagement. However, the analysis confirms another assumption that public and political communication using the Internet community increases the efficiency of interaction between government and society, as it helps to improve the quality of feedback from the authorities. The author supposes that the display of the network identity factor affects the change in the degree of citizens' involvement in interaction with the authorities.
Le rôle du supérieur hiérarchique dans la prévention du Burnout des cadres
Authors: PICART Ludovic , JAUSSAUD Jacques
Published: June 2021

La littérature souligne le rôle crucial du soutien du supérieur hiérarchique, le N+1, dans la survenance ou non du Burnout en situation de travail tendue. Si le rôle d’un tel soutien (ou non soutien) semble intuitivement fondé, il reste à préciser les mécanismes qui le rendent opérationnel. Cet article vise à comprendre pourquoi, en situation de travail tendue, le soutien du N+1 prévient le Burnout, alors que son non soutien y conduit. La théorie de la conservation des ressources suggère que la possibilité pour le salarié de protéger les ressources dont il dispose, de les développer, ou de compenser celles qu’il peut être amené à perdre, est essentiel dans la non survenance du Burnout. Au contraire, la perte de ces ressources ou d’une partie d’entre elles, non compensée, peut conduire à la souffrance au travail voire au Burnout. La théorie de la conservation des ressources sera mobilisée ici pour étudier un ensemble de situations de travail tendues dans une entreprise fortement exposée aux risques psychosociaux, certaines de ces situations ayant conduit au Burnout, d’autres non. Le rôle du N+1 sera ainsi analysé du point de vue de cette conservation (ou non) des ressources du salarié, de façon à préciser la nature du lien entre soutien (ou non soutien) du N+1 et survenance du Burnout. Un programme de formation visant à sensibiliser les supérieurs hiérarchiques puis à les placer face à leurs responsabilités est en conséquence esquissé.
Le vivre en santé au travail
Authors: PRÉVOT-CARPENTIER Muriel
Published: June 2021

L’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé définit la santé comme « un état de complet bien-être physique, mental et social et ne consiste pas seulement en une absence de maladie ou d’infirmité ». Cette définition est ensuite reprise dans la Convention n° 155 sur la sécurité et la santé des travailleurs de l’Organisation Internationale du Travail. Ces deux définitions institutionnelles, si elles sont progressistes et fondées sur la définition canguilhémienne qui souligne que la santé ne se réduit pas à l’absence de maladie, restent statiques et linéaires. Permettent-elles d’élaborer des pratiques de prévention telles qu’elles pourraient exister dans le paradigme constructiviste de la santé porté par l’ergonomie et les ergodisciplines ? Comment les dépasser pour entrer dans la négociation permanente de l’agir au travail pris entre normes et normativité, qui fait continuité avec l’approche de Canguilhem ? Appréhender ainsi la santé comme construction et en développement, la rendrait perméable à de nouveaux apprentissages dans et hors de lieux de travail, par la considération des travailleurs comme des sujets capables, c’est-à-dire des êtres en posture d’engagement actif, en charge de leur développement et en capacité de le construire. En effet, c’est bien le plein développement anthropologique des individus et collectifs qui permet à l’humain de construire le vivre en santé.
Implementasi perangkat pembelajaran menggunakan inkuiri terbimbing terhadap aktivitas belajar siswa pada materi struktur dan fungsi jaringan tumbuhan di SMP Negeri 12 Gorontalo kelas VIII
Authors: Bulowe Yuniarty R , Yusuf Frida Maryati , Kandowangko Novri Youla
Published: June 2021

This research is a quantitative descriptive study with a pre-experimental design which is intended to increase student learning activities through the implementation of guided inquiry-based learning on the structure and function of plant tissue materials. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 12 Gorontalo class VIII for 4 meetings. The target of this research is students of class VIII-2 SMP Negeri 12 Gorontalo with a total of 28 students, Odd Semester in the 2019/2020 Academic Year. Student activities are measured through student activity observation sheets, then analyzed, grouped and presented through tables. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of guided inquiry-based learning tools can improve student learning activities on the structure and function of plant tissue in class VIII-2 of SMP Negeri 12 Gorontalo. The increase in student learning activities can be seen from the aspects observed at each meeting, namely meeting 1 the highest score in aspect 1 reaches a percentage value of 100, the lowest score in aspects 2 and 8 reaches a percentage value of 66. Meeting 2 the highest scores in aspects 1 and 4 reach a value percentage 95, the lowest score in aspect 2 with a percentage value of 76. Meeting 3 the highest values in aspects 1, 4 and 5 reached a percentage value of 100, the lowest value was in aspect 10 with a percentage value of 78. The meeting of 4 highest scores was in aspects 1, 3, 4 and 5 reaches a percentage value of 100, the lowest value in aspect 11 with a percentage value of 81.
Pengaruh penerapan community of inquiry menggunakan LINE terhadap keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa SMA pada materi energi terbarukan
Authors: Kirana Nurlistia Chandra , Anggraeni Sri , Diana Sariwulan
Published: June 2021

Creative thinking skills are needed by someone to face the challenges in the 21st century. A learning model is needed that can facilitate students to hone their creative thinking skills. Science learning must emphasize student activities through inquiry, one of which is the Community of Inquiry (CoI) learning model. Creative thinking skills in this study consist of aspects of fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. This study aims to analyze the effect of implementing the CoI learning model using LINE on high school students' creative thinking skills in renewable energy concept. The method and design used in this study was a quasi experimental non-equivalent control group design. Participants involved in this study consisted of 61 students who were determined by purposive sampling technique with the characteristics of class X MIPA students who have an account and are accustomed to using the LINE application. CoI learning using LINE was applied to the experimental class, while the control class carried out conventional online learning. Sources of research data were obtained from creative thinking test instruments, student response questionnaires, and observation sheets of learning model implementation. The test instrument for students' creative thinking skills was given as a pre-test and post-test. The results of the pre-test data analysis showed that the students' initial creative thinking skills in the control class and the experimental class were the same and were in the low category. After the learning was carried out, the average post-test score of the experimental class was higher than the control class and there was a significant difference in the mean. The N-gain score of the experimental class was included in the moderate category, while the control class was included in the low category. So, it can be concluded that the application of CoI learning using LINE affects creative thinking skills in renewable energy concept.
Investigation of the Dynamic Properties of Seawater-Resistant Rubber
Authors: Egorov Evgeniy N. , Ushmarin Nikolay F. , Sandalov Sergei I. , Kol’tsov Nikolay I. , Voronchikhin Vasiliy D.
Published: June 2021

The influence of rubbers, trans-polynorbornene, polyisobutylene P-200 and sevilene on vulcanization characteristics, physical-mechanical and dynamic properties of rubber used for the manufacture of products in contact with sea water has been investigated. It has been established that the developed rubber with a sulfur vulcanizing system based on rubbers SKMS-30ARK, SKN-4065 and BK-1675 with additives of trans-polynorbornene and sevilene 11808-340 has improved physical and mechanical characteristics, resistance to sea water and increased dynamic properties
E-GOVERNMENT IN GHANA: THE BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Abusamhadana Ghassan A.O. , Bakon Kinn Abass , Elias Nur Fazidah
Published: June 2021

The result of substantial investment and the formulation of impressive policies for e-government implementations has transitioned Ghana from a mediocre to a high e-government readiness in the latest United Nations Biannual E-Government Development Index (EGDI). Ghana is the only African country to achieve this feat. However, how e-government service delivers benefits to Ghanaians and the challenges this technology is encountering seems to be overlooked by researchers in extant academic discourses. As a result, important scientific knowledge about this topic in the context of Ghana is missing. This paper aims to review articles on e-government to identify its merits to the Ghanaian public and businesses and single out the challenges it faces. The narrative review method was employed to search, review, and synthesise the extant literature. The review showed that there is a paucity of e-government related literature in the context of Ghana. Among the few articles that were found and reviewed, the benefits associated with e-government are; (1) reduction of corruption prospects, (2) efficiency of government services delivery, (3) access to government services, and (4) cost reduction. Moreover, the challenges associated with e-government are; (1) digital divide and its four dimensions, (2) culture challenge, (3) sabotaging of government infrastructure, (4) power interruptions, (5) citizens trust issues, (6) security threats, and (7) low public knowledge. This article contributes to the limited body of research on e-government in developing countries, particularly Ghana, by mapping a potential field of research, synthesising the current knowledge of e-government in Ghana, and creating an agenda for further research. Also, the up-to-date knowledge provided by this paper could assist the authorities in making prudent e-government policies
Queuing Systems with a Time Lag
Authors:   Povolzhsky State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, Samara, 443010, Russian Federation, Tarasov V. N.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses various queuing systems (QS) formed by four laws of probability distributions: exponential, hyperexponential, Erlang and hyper-Erlang of the second order. These four laws form sixteen different QS. In contrast to the classical theory, this article considers QS with distribution laws shifted to the right from the zero point. Such QS are of type G/G/1 with arbitrary laws of the distribution of intervals between the requirements of the input flow and the service time. As you know, for such systems it is impossible to obtain solutions for the main characteristic of QS the average waiting time in the general case. Therefore, studies of such systems are important for special cases of distribution laws. The article provides an overview of the author's results for the average waiting time in a queue in a closed form for systems with input distributions shifted to the right from the zero point. To solve this problem, the spectral decomposition method for solving the Lindley integral equation was used. In the course of solving the problem, spectral decompositions of the solution of the Lindley integral equation for eight systems were obtained and with their help calculation formulas were derived for the average waiting time in the queue. It is shown that in systems with delay, the average waiting time is shorter than in conventional systems. The obtained calculation formulas for the average waiting time expand and complement the well-known incomplete formula of the queuing theory for the average waiting time for G/G/1 systems. The proposed approach allows us to calculate the average value and moments of higher orders of waiting time for these systems in mathematical packages for a wide range of changes in traffic parameters. Given the fact that the variation in packet delay (jitter) in the telecommunications standard is defined as the spread of waiting time around its average value, the jitter can be determined through the variance of the waiting time.
The Concurrent Error-Detection Systems Organization Based on the Boolean Complement Method with the Preliminary Transformation of Operating Functions into Check Vectors of Berger Codes
Authors:   Scientific and Technical Center Integrated Monitoring Systems LLC,, Efanov D. V. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation,   Russian University of Transport, Moscow, Russian Federation, Saposhnikov V. V. ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Saposhnikov Vl. V. ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

The article describes a new way of concurrent error-detection (CED) systems organization using the Boolean complement method, which involves the use of pre-compression of signals from the diagnostic object using encoders of classical sum codes (Berger codes). Control of compressed signals is carried out using the constant-weight "1-out-of-4" code. In comparison with the known methods of the CED systems organization, it is possible to implement a self-checking digital device using one such circuit, and this significantly reduces the structural redundancy. The article suggests using the encoders of modified Berger codes with improved error detection characteristics as a compression scheme.
Generalized Classification of Vulnerabilities of Interfaces to the Transport Infrastructure of the Smart City
Authors:   The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izrailov K. E.
Published: June 2021

We consider the problem of classifying the vulnerabilities present in interface devices that are used in the interaction of people and components of the transport infrastructure of the Smart City. A conceptual model of the terminological base of the subject area is introduced, on the basis of which a unified classification of vulnerabilities is synthesized. A formal record of vulnerability classes is given, as well as their examples.
Territorializing International Travel Emissions: Geography and Magnitude of the Hidden Climate Footprint of Brussels
Authors: Boussauw Kobe , Decroly Jean-Michel
Published: June 2021

In the present article we investigate the geography and magnitude of the climate footprint of long-distance travel with Brussels, Belgium, as a destination. The internationally networked position of this city goes hand in hand with a strong dependence on international mobility, which largely materializes in impressive volumes of long-distance travel and associated consumption of important amounts of fossil fuel. Despite a surge in concerns about global warming, the climate footprint of most international travel, notably air travel, is not included in the official national and regional climate inventories, or in other words, it is not territorialized. The official climate footprint of the Brussels-Capital Region attained 3.7 Mton CO2eq per year (in 2017). Based on our exploratory calculations, however, the total estimated climate footprint of all Brussels-bound international travel equalled an additional 2.7 Mton CO2eq. In terms of geographical distribution, over 70% of international travellers to Brussels come from Europe, while these represent only 15% of the climate footprint of all international travel to Brussels. We conclude that the practice of not allocating emissions caused by international travel to territorial units has kept the magnitude and complexity of this problem largely under the radar and contributes to the lack of societal support for curbing growth of international aviation.
Cities, Long-Distance Travel, and Climate Impacts
Authors: Heinonen Jukka , Czepkiewicz Michał
Published: June 2021

This thematic issue focuses on important but understudied connections between cities and climate impacts of long-distance travel. While urbanization and urban density have climate change mitigation potential in short-distance travel (e.g., by reducing car use and supporting public transportation, walking, and cycling), they have been associated with a higher level of emissions from flights. This highlights the role that city-regions could potentially play in reducing climate impacts of aviation. At the same time, the development of airports and flight connections has been an important driver of economic growth at regional scale and a factor contributing to global competitiveness of city-regions. This thematic issue includes seven interesting articles focusing on different aspects of the theme, all of which are briefly presented in this editorial. We also lay down some suggestions for future research directions based on the findings presented in this thematic issue.
Adatok a Kisalföld flórájának ismeretéhez IV.
Authors: Schmidt Dávid , Haszonits Győző
Published: June 2021

Dolgozatunkban a Kisalföld határainkon belülre eső területén 2015-2020 közötti időszakban végzett florisztikai kutatások legfontosabb eredményeit ismertetjük. Az előfordulási adatok felsorolását követően értékelésre kerül országos vagy regionális jelentőségük, növényföldrajzi, természetvédelmi szerepük. A felsorolásban 52 fajról szerepelnek új adatok, amelyek közül 40 hazánkban természetes (honos) előfordulású, 12 idegenhonos elem. Eredményeink közül kiemelendő a Kisalföldre nézve új Gagea minima megtalálása, az Epipactis tallosii két új állományának felfedezése, a Polystichum setiferum előfordulásának bizonyítása, továbbá több gyomjellegű növény (Apera interrupta, Calepina irregularis, Erigeron sumatrensis, Euphorbia prostrata, Panicum dichotomiflorum) új lelőhelyeinek kimutatása. Jelentősebben bővítjük az ismereteket az Erysimum hieraciifolium szigetközi, a Succisella inflexa rábaközi, és az Ornithogalum × degenianum Marcal-medencei elterjedéséhez. Adatokat közlünk közutak mentén terjedő (Atriplex micrantha, Dittrichia graveolens, Eleusine indica), valamint dísznövényként ültetett (Pennisetum alopecuroides, Sedum pallidum) adventív fajokról.
DEĞERLER EĞİTİMİNDE FIKRALARIN KULLANIMI
Authors: Çatak Muzaffer
Published: June 2021

Değerler, toplumdan topluma farklılık gösterse de bütün milletler için yüzyıllar boyunca süregelen ve toplumların temel yapı taşlarını oluşturan kıymetlerdir. Son yıllarda okullarda artan şiddet ve kanun ihlalleri nedeniyle birçok ülkenin, öğretim programlarındaki değerler eğitimini nitelik ve nicelik yönünden geliştirmeye çalıştıkları görülmektedir. Çoğu ülkeye nazaran Türkiye’de süreç olarak, okullardaki değerler eğitimine, her ne kadar sistematik olmasa da önem verilmektedir. Kısaca, akademik açıdan değerler eğitimi ülkemizde ve dünyada popülaritesini arttırmaya devam etmektedir. Değerler eğitiminin gelişimi için edebi ürünlerin kullanılması ve materyallerin geliştirilmesi de önemlidir. Bu edebi ürünler arasında yer alan fıkralar, öğrencilerin dikkatini canlandırıp bir odakta toplanmasını sağlayan güçlü bir motivasyon unsurudur. Ek olarak, fıkralar öğrencilerin konuyu daha iyi kavramasına, öğrenmede kalıcılığı arttırmasına ve ilgisini derse çekmede yardımcıdır. Öğretmenler, öğrencilerde değerlerin kazanması için çok farklı materyal, öğretim yöntem ve teknikleri uygulamaktadırlar. Bu uygulamaların fıkralarla desteklenerek öğrenci kazanımlarına katkı sağlayabilecek olması, bu çalışmanın önemli ögelerinden birini oluşturmaktadır. Günümüzde fıkralarla değerlerin kazandırılmasına yönelik çok az sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Nitel yaklaşımlardan doküman analiziyle incelenen bu çalışmada değer eğitiminde kullanılabilecek örnek fıkralar sunulmuştur.
ICT in Homework as a Way to Increase the Cognitive Interest of Students in Learning Chinese
Authors: Butovskaya Z.S.
Published: June 2021

In recent years, Russian schools have increasingly introduced Chinese as a second foreign language in their programs. Given the specificity of the object (characters, tone), the number of fixed lessons (for non-core classes two hours per week) and the number of students per class (average 10 people) educational outcomes, identified in the GEF, can be achieved only by combination of classwork and homework. The study attempts to trace the connection between the integration of ICT in homework and increasing the cognitive interest of schoolchildren while learning Chinese. For this purpose, in the 2019-2020 academic year, a pedagogical study was conducted in which four Chinese language teachers and 44 7th-grade students from three state-funded General education institutions in Moscow took part. The results showed that the integration of ICT in homework itself did not lead to an unambiguous increase in interest in the subject. Nevertheless, electronic homework could have caused an increase in the entertainment quality of the assignments.
About the Brilliant Political Insight of F.M. Dostoevsky
Authors: Makhmudova S.M.
Published: June 2021

Any state moves towards progress with the strength and aspirations, thoughts and works of the best sons who guide the country and determine its path. F.M. Dostoevsky was not only a writer, philosopher, subtle psychologist, but also a statesman. Many works are known where he discusses the place of Russia in the world, the need to take a higher and more stable position, the need for the education and development of Russian territories, and many words of F.M. Dostoevsky is surprised by the accuracy of foresight and designation of a wide range of tasks facing his homeland.
The role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma. Part 1. Connective tissue
Authors: Zhuravleva Anastasiia N. , Kirillova Maria O. , Zueva Marina V. , Kadyshev Vitaliy V.
Published: June 2021

The article presents an analytical review of works devoted to molecular and genetic studies in primary open-angle glaucoma from the perspective of the concept of hereditary inferiority of the connective tissue of the eye (scleral component), and the entire body as a whole, as triggers in the development of the disease. The relationship between the main theories of the pathogenesis of glaucoma optical neuropathy and the determining role of molecular and genetic mechanisms of specific changes in the eye tissue is shown. The clinical features of primary open-angle glaucoma in patients with a family history are analyzed. Potentially new directions for preclinical diagnosis of glaucoma and pathogenetically oriented therapy are proposed.
Non-standard computer perimetry in the diagnosis of some optic neuropathies
Authors: Tikhonovskaya Irina A. , Simakova Irina L.
Published: June 2021

Modern computer perimetry is divided into traditional white stimulus-on-white background, the gold standard of which is perimetry performed by using expert class perimeters Humphrey and Octopus and therefore called standard automatic or automated perimetry (SAP), and non-traditional or non-standard perimetry, which differs, first of all, in a different nature of a stimulus. The article is a review devoted to the assessment of the diagnostic capabilities of non-standard computer perimetry in the form of different variants of perimetry with doubling the spatial frequency (Frequency Doubling Technology Perimetry or FDT perimetry), which is performed by using perimeters of the 1st (Carl Zeiss Humphrey 710 Visual Field / FDT, 1997) and the 2nd (Carl Zeiss Humphrey Matrix / HM 715, 800 Visual Field Analyzer, 2005, 2010) generation. Most authors consider that FDT perimetry is effective in a glaucoma screening and, possibly, in monitoring a glaucomatous process, but only a few authors consider that non-standard perimetry method can be useful in diagnosing optic neuropathies of a different nature.
Long-term results of corneal collagen crosslinking for recurrent corneal erosion
Authors: Novikov Sergey A. , Tkachenko Natalya V. , Frolov Oleg A. , Seyfeddin Akhmed S.
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Recurrent corneal erosion (RCE) is characterized by excacerbation and remission episodes, reduced patients quality of life affecting their daily and professional activities. In case of conservative therapy inefficacy surgical procedures are used (Bowmans membrane polishing with diamond drill, excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy, anterior stromal puncture, and amniotic membrane transplantation). All methods have their advantages and weak points, as well as a certain percent of recurrence. In this regard the use of corneal collagen cross-linking is of the interest as an alternative method of the RCE surgical treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 18 patients (20 eyes) with RCE without central corneal stroma scars, aged from 30 to 66 (average 49,5 10,6, all women), after conservative treatment failure (more than 6 months) underwent cross-linking according to the Dresden protocol with the UVX device, version 1000, by IROC INNOCROSS (Switzerland).
RESULTS: All patients were asymptomatic and had no recurrence during the observation period (from 1 to 6 years, in average 2,6 1,6). There was a slight but statistically significant BCVA improvement (from 0,93 0,09 at baseline to 0,97 0,07 after intervention).
CONCLUSIONS: Crosslinking may be an additional and effective treatment in a number of RCE cases when there is no central corneal stromal scars present. To reduce stromal keratocytes alteration during the procedure modified protocols may be used.
Socio-biological factors of increased morbidity risk in participants of educational process in higher education institutions related to the global epidemiological situation in 2020-2021
Authors: Perelygin Vladimir V. , Paramonov Sergey G. , Sklyarova Nataliya A. , Zharikov Mikhail V. , Sklyarova Lyudmila V.
Published: June 2021

One of the numerous negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic is the second epidemic of negative psychological effects. Population stress in modern conditions can serve as a catalyst for mental disorders of teachers and students. In the present situation, restrictive and special measures should be considered as additional harmful socio-biological factors for participants of the university educational process.