bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrogen Enhances FDFT1 Expression in Theca Cells of Chicken Hierarchical Ovarian Follicles by Increasing LSD1Ser54p Level Through GSK3β Phosphorylation at 216th Tyrosine
Authors: Zhang Yanhong , Zhong Conghao , Shu Xinmei , Liu Qingxin , Jiang Yunliang
Published: October 2024

The development of chicken ovarian follicles involves two key stages of primordial follicle recruitment and follicle selection that are tightly regulated by multiple reproductive hormones and cytokines. Our previous study revealed an estrogen-stimulated increase in the phosphorylation level of serine at position 54 of lysine demethylase 1A (LSD1Ser54p) in the theca cells of chicken hierarchical ovarian follicles (Post-TCs). In this study, we further found that the upregulation of LSD1Ser54p by estrogen was performed by glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and that GSK3β promoted LSD1Ser54p levels by directly binding to the SWIRM and AOL1 domains of LSD1. Upon estrogen stimulation, the phosphorylation level of tyrosine at position 216 of GSK3β (GSK3βTyr216p) increased, which enhanced the binding between LSD1 and GSK3β. The subsequent transcriptome sequencing on chicken Post-TCs treated with estrogen and CUT&RUN sequencing against the LSD1Ser54p protein revealed that the expression of the farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1) gene was simultaneously upregulated by estrogen, GSK3β, and LSD1Ser54p. Moreover, the overexpression of FDFT1 further promoted cholesterol biosynthesis in chicken Post-TCs. In short, the findings of this study suggest that estrogen-induced tyrosine phosphorylation at position 216 of GSK3β can upregulate the level of LSD1Ser54p, leading to the activation of FDFT1 expression and subsequently promoting cholesterol biosynthesis in chicken Post-TCs, which may in turn enhance estrogen synthesis.
Thermoeconomic Evaluation and Sustainability Insights of Hybrid Solar–Biomass Powered Organic Rankine Cycle Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Alvi Jahan Zeb , Guan Zhengjun , Imran Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Hybrid solar–biomass organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems represent a promising avenue for sustainable energy production by combining abundant but intermittent solar energy with the reliable biomass energy. This study conducts a detailed thermodynamic and economic assessment of these hybrid systems, focusing on their potential to enhance energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The study also evaluates the performance of various working fluids, identifying optimal configurations for different operating conditions. A key finding is that the hybrid system, with an optimized solar–biomass ratio, achieves up to a 21 to 31% improvement in efficiency and a 33% reduction in levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) compared to solar-only systems. Additionally, the study examines case studies of real-world applications, offering insights into the scalability and cost-effectiveness of these systems in regions with high solar irradiation and biomass availability. These results underline the need for continued technological innovation and policy support to promote widespread adoption of hybrid ORC systems, particularly in the context of global decarbonization efforts.
Smokeless Tobacco: A Comprehensive Review of Molecular Effects, Societal Perception, and Cessation Strategies
Authors: Gangwani Karishma , Row Nandika , Anand Shashi , Acharya Srijan
Published: October 2024

Smokeless tobacco (ST) is an alternative to smoking, which involves not the burning of tobacco. Although ST has been used for thousands of years, its health effects are not well characterized, and it is the subject of misconceptions throughout society. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the risks associated with ST use. We conducted a comprehensive search of the scientific literature to identify studies reporting associations between tobacco chewing and the risk of oral cancer and premalignant lesions. Our review discusses the molecular mechanisms associated with ST components, along with the role of ST use in speech impairment and cancer progression. We also examine the effectiveness of tobacco cessation strategies and review the existing perceptions held by ST consumers. Our findings indicate significant health risks associated with ST use, including increased cancer risk and speech impairments. As societal perceptions and misconceptions about ST are important factors that influence its use, there is a need for comprehensive public awareness campaigns to correct these misconceptions and to promote healthier lifestyle choices. We call for further research to improve cessation interventions and to increase public awareness of relevant research discoveries. By providing a thorough discussion of the health impacts of ST, we aim to inform policy decisions and public health strategies to reduce the prevalence of ST use.
Liver Transplantation for the Cure of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastasis: A Systematic Review with Particular Attention to the Risk Factors of Death and Recurrence
Authors: Lai Quirino , Coppola Alessandro , Mrzljak Anna , Cigrovski Berkovic Maja
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are heterogeneous entities. Despite considerable advancement in the field, almost 50% of patients have metastatic disease, when liver transplantation (LT) is one of the possible treatments offering a cure in well-selected patients. Methods: The present study aims to systematically review all the literature from 2000 onwards on using LT for patients with NEN-LM, with particular attention to the risk factors of death and recurrence. Results: LT offers 5-year OS ranging from 52 to 74% and 5-year TFS rates ranging from 39 to 62%, with even better results published from 2009 onwards. The main risk factors for patient deaths are related to unfavorable primary tumor pathology, higher liver involvement, and simultaneous LT and primary resection. Similarly, recurrence is higher related to poor tumor grade and differentiation, and in the case of an older recipient age. Conclusions: Applying uniform criteria and a more in-depth understanding of the relevant prognostic factors contribute to a better selection of candidates for curative LT due to NEN metastases. LT for unresectable or liver-restricted NENs has a relevant place in the treatment algorithm and has achieved excellent results in recent decades, but more international efforts are needed to further improve outcomes.
Analyzing the Behavior Towards the Use of Interactive Digital Whiteboards for Educational Purposes: A Proposal Based on the Model of Goal-Directed Behavior and the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Gallego M. Dolores , Bagozzi Richard , Bueno Salvador , Racero F. José
Published: October 2024

Information and communication technologies have revolutionized the educational landscape, transforming teaching and learning processes across the globe, and this is the case for interactive digital whiteboards. In particular, this paper focuses on providing a research model to analyze the behavior towards the use of interactive digital whiteboards (IDWs) by teachers in the educational context, highlighting their impact on the intention to use IDWS. The proposed structural equation model is based on the model of goal-directed behavior and the theory of planned behavior, and it is formed by six constructs: (1) attitude, (2) subjective norms, (3) desire, (4) perceived behavioral control, (5) intentions, and (6) behavior. The methodology was adapted to two possible scenarios: (1) positive and (2) negative. The findings show that both theoretical frameworks offer a valid context to explain the motivations that drive the use of IDWs, although there are no significant differences between the two scenarios. Thus, the present article contributes to the existing body of knowledge and provides insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers to leverage the acceptance of IDWs in education. However, some limitations were identified, such as the absence of the point of view of students regarding the use of IDWs, among others.
Facade Design and the Outdoor Acoustic Environment: A Case Study at Batna 1 University
Authors: Hamouta Sami , Zemmouri Noureddine , Ahriz Atef
Published: October 2024

The relationship between architectural design and outdoor acoustic environments remains underexplored, particularly in educational spaces where noise levels impact comfort and usability. This study investigates the impact of building facade height on the outdoor acoustic environment in university courtyards. Acoustic measurements were conducted in two courtyards at Batna 1 University, each surrounded by buildings with distinct facade heights. Key acoustic parameters, including reverberation time (RT), early decay time (EDT), rapid speech transmission index (RaSTI), Definition (D50), and sound pressure level (SPL) attenuation were evaluated at specified source-receiver distances. The results reveal a strong correlation between RT20 and distance at higher frequencies due to building facade reflections, while lower frequencies are more influenced by geometric configuration and material absorption properties. The results demonstrate that RT and EDT increase logarithmically or polynomially with distance, especially at higher frequencies (2000–4000 Hz), due to the decrease in direct sound energy and increase in reflected sound amplitude. Taller building facades lead to longer RT and EDT values compared to lower heights. D50 and RaSTI decrease polynomially with increasing source–receiver distance, with lower values observed in the courtyard with taller facades, indicating reduced speech clarity. The SPL attenuation is influenced by surrounding geometry, with the least reduction in the courtyard with lower facade heights, followed by the taller facade courtyard, contrasting with semi-free field conditions. These findings highlight the significant role of building facade height and architectural elements in shaping the acoustic characteristics of outdoor spaces, providing valuable insights for designing acoustically comfortable urban environments, particularly in educational settings.
Experimental Investigation of the Lubricant Effect of Thixotropic Slurry on Pipe–Soil Interfacial Friction Characteristics
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Wang Jinli , He Luqiang , Gu Xiaoqiang
Published: October 2024

Based on the technical issues encountered during underground pipe jacking construction in the Jining area, a series of ring shear tests were conducted on silty clay below the groundwater level to investigate the interfacial friction characteristics under the lubrication of thixotropic slurry during construction. Seven different slurry formulations were prepared, and ring shear tests were conducted under varying normal stresses, shear rates, and shear displacements. The friction characteristics during the shearing process were analyzed, and the corresponding friction coefficients were determined. The experimental results indicate that shear stress increases with increasing normal stress, but it is not affected by shear rate and shear displacement. As normal stress increases, the friction coefficient also exhibits a slight rise, which may be due to the uneven distribution of the slurry under pressure. Among the seven formulations, Slurry 1 exhibited the best lubricating effect, which reduced the friction coefficient by 64.5%, while Slurry 0 had the poorest effect with a reduction of 42.6% in friction coefficient. Additionally, the excessive addition of bentonite in the slurry reduces its lubricating effect, and the content of fiber has a significant effect on the friction reduction degree by thixotropic slurry.
Review of Bio-Inspired Green Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Mulay Manasi R. , Patwardhan Siddharth V. , Martsinovich Natalia
Published: October 2024

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an important photocatalyst that is widely studied for environmental applications, especially for water treatment by degradation of pollutants. A range of methods have been developed to produce TiO2 in the form of nanoparticles and thin films. Solution-based synthesis methods offer the opportunity to tune the synthesis through a choice of reagents, additives and reaction media. In particular, the use of biomolecules, such as proteins and amino acids, as bio-inspired additives in TiO2 synthesis has grown over the last decade. This review provides a discussion of the key factors in the solution-based synthesis of titania, with a focus on bio-inspired additives and their interaction with Ti precursors. In particular, the role of bio-inspired molecular and biomolecular additives in promoting the low-temperature synthesis of titania and controlling the phase and morphology of the synthesised TiO2 is discussed, with a particular focus on the interaction of TiO2 with amino acids as model bio-inspired additives. Understanding these interactions will help address the key challenges of obtaining the crystalline TiO2 phase at low temperatures, with fast kinetics and under mild reaction conditions. We review examples of photocatalytic applications of TiO2 synthesised using bio-inspired methods and discuss the ways in which bio-inspired additives enhance photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanomaterials. Finally, we give a perspective of the current challenges in green synthesis of TiO2, and possible solutions based on multi-criteria discovery, design and manufacturing framework.
Bifunctional Catalytic Performance of Zn/ZSM-5 in the Aromatization of LPG and the Conversion of Pyrolytic Gases from Recycled Polypropylene
Authors: Barzallo Diego , Reinoso Miguel A. , Miranda Gabriela , Romero Trino , Franco Mario , Palmay Paul
Published: October 2024

Zn-modified ZSM-5 zeolites with different zinc contents were successfully prepared by the impregnation method and compared with unmodified ZSM-5. Their potential for LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) aromatization and the conversion of pyrolysis gases obtained from recycled polypropylene was subsequently evaluated. In this process, various characterization tests were performed on the prepared catalysts, including SEM-EDS (scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy), TPD-NH₃ (temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia), and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy). Under optimized conditions, the best results were obtained with 2% Zn/ZSM-5, which generated a higher production of BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylene) isomers, which are major components of gasoline. Likewise, in catalytic pyrolysis of recycled polypropylene, this catalyst generated a higher production of aromatic compounds. Therefore, this catalyst showed excellent performance in generating valuable hydrocarbons of great industrial interest, particularly aromatics.
Controlled Assembly of Lipid Molecules via Regulating Transient Spatial Confinement
Authors: Huang Yuqi , Celik Umit , Xu Ziqian , Speer Daniel , Ossola Dario , Faller Roland , Parikh Atul N. , Liu Gang-Yu
Published: October 2024

The constructs of lipid molecules follow self-assembly, driven by intermolecular interactions, forming stacking of lipid bilayer films. Achieving designed geometry at nano- to micro-levels with packing deviating from the near-equilibrium structure is difficult to achieve due to the strong tendency of lipid molecules to self-assemble. Using ultrasmall (<fL) droplets containing designed molecules, our prior work has demonstrated that molecular assembly, in principle, is governed mainly by transient inter-molecular interactions under their dynamic spatial confinement, i.e., tri-phase boundaries during drying. As a result, the assemblies can deviate, sometimes significantly, from the near-equilibrium structures of self-assembly. The present work applies the approach and concept to lipid molecules using 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC). Taking advantage of the high spatial precision and the minute size of the delivery probe in our combined atomic force microscopy and microfluidic delivery, the transient shape of each liquid droplet is regulated. In doing so, the final geometry of the POPC assemblies has been regulated to the designed geometry with nanometer precision. The results extend the concept of controlled assembly of molecules to amphiphilic systems. The outcomes exhibit high potential in lipid-based biomaterial science and biodevice engineering.
Caregiver Experiences, Healthcare Provider Perspectives and Child Outcomes with Virtual Care in a Neonatal Neurodevelopmental Follow-Up Clinic: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Raghuram Kamini , Noh Hayle , Lee Seungwoo , Look Hong Nicole , Kelly Edmond , Shah Vibhuti
Published: October 2024

Background: Caregiver and healthcare provider perspectives of virtual care have not been explored in depth in the literature for neonatal follow-up clinics. Our objective was to evaluate caregivers’ and healthcare providers’ perspectives and compare neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm neonates before and after implementing virtual care during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with families and healthcare providers, designed and analyzed using phenomenological qualitative methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate and compare neurodevelopmental characteristics of two preterm cohorts, one before (“in-person”) and after (“virtual”) virtual care. Results: Three themes were identified: increased confidence in in-person assessments, adequate delivery of information using virtual platforms and a preference for specialized care through the neonatal follow-up clinic. A total of 252 infants born preterm, 104 infants in the in-person group and 148 infants in the virtual group, were included in the study. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of cerebral palsy was lower when virtual care was used compared to in-person assessments (aOR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.01–0.98) while the adjusted odds of cognitive delay measured by in-person standardized testing were higher (aOR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.25–6.19). Conclusions: Caregivers and healthcare providers prefer in-person assessments for comprehensive developmental support. It may be more challenging to detect subtle cognitive differences using caregiver-reported measures. Cerebral palsy may be missed when assessments are completed virtually.
Mothers’ Stress as a Predictor of Preschoolers’ Stress in the Context of Parental Practices
Authors: Rudnova Natalia A. , Kornienko Dmitriy S.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in distress among children, as well as in the long-term effects of childhood stress. Parents, particularly mothers, are the most important social partners for preschool-aged children and may help protect them from stress. The current study aims to investigate how parental practices impact children’s perceived stress in relation to their mothers’ stress. Methods: The sample comprised 346 mothers of preschoolers aged 20 to 48 years (M = 34.39, SD = 6.16). Participants completed an online survey that included the Perceived Stress Scale for Parents of Preschoolers, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire—Preschool Revision, and questions regarding their socio-demographic characteristics. Results: Punitive parenting contributed positively, while positive parenting contributed negatively to children’s distress. When mothers’ perceived stress was taken into account, positive parenting lost its significance. Punitive parenting and maternal perceived stress were the only positive predictors of child distress. Conclusions: Stress in mothers may lead to a decrease in their involvement in the upbringing and parenting of preschoolers, potentially contributing to increased stress levels in children. Intervention programs aimed at reducing preschoolers’ stress should incorporate classes for parents that also could be focused on stress regulation for parents and training in positive parenting practices.
Exploring the Frontiers of Neuroinflammation: New Horizons in Research and Treatment
Authors: Rigillo Giovanna , Alboni Silvia
Published: October 2024

The Special Issue “Advanced Research in Neuroinflammation” offers a rich and diverse collection of studies that deepen our understanding of how inflammatory mediators are involved in various neurological conditions [...]
Combining Ability of Capsicum annuum Hybrid for Antioxidant Activities, Polyphenol Content, α-Glucosidase Inhibitory, Yield, and Yield Components
Authors: Syukur Muhamad , Maharijaya Awang , Nurcholis Waras , Ritonga Arya Widura , Pangestu Arya Yuda , Hatta Andi Nadia Nurul Lathifa , Istiqlal Muhammad Ridha Alfarabi , Hakim Abdul , Sahid Zulfikar Damaralam
Published: October 2024

Chili (Capsicum annuum) consumption is often suggested, and using functional food cultivars is the most effective strategy post COVID-19 pandemic. Controlling chili breeding activity is one of the most effective methods to produce new hybrid varieties. However, the general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and heterotic effect of functional biochemicals (polyphenol content, antioxidant activities, and α-glucosidase inhibitory compounds) remain poorly known in C. annuum. This study aimed to estimate these parameters in C. annuum by using five different genotypes and their hybrid combinations based on growth characteristics, yield, yield components, and fruit functional biochemicals. The F1 and F1R progenies were obtained from crosses in a greenhouse with a full diallel mating design. Each parent used in this study had a GCA advantage for each characteristic. The hybrid combination of IPB074 × IPB005 and IPB435 × IPB367 displayed the best yield results. However, the results indicated the opposite regarding α-glucosidase inhibitory compounds. The heterotic effect of functional biochemicals was observed for traits related to genotypes, polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory compounds, and similar properties related to yield and yield components, indicating their use in hybrid chili production.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the REF Genes in 17 Species
Authors: Fang Jinkai , Ma Chi , Lin Yu , Yin Junjun , Zhu Lijuan , Yuan Zhineng , Zhang Dan
Published: October 2024

Natural rubber production currently relies heavily on a single species, Hevea brasiliensis, underscoring the urgent need to identify alternative sources to alleviate the strain on natural rubber production. The rubber elongation factor (REF) and small rubber particle protein (SRPP), both members of the REF/SRPP gene family, are crucial for natural rubber biosynthesis. However, research on the REF gene has predominantly focused on H. brasiliensis and Taraxacum kok-saghyz. We conducted a comprehensive genome-wide identification and characterization of the REF gene, identifying 87 REF protein sequences across 17 plants species. We observed a significant increase in the copy numbers and expression of REF genes in rubber-producing plants. Notably, in H. brasiliensis, T. kok-saghyz, Eucommia ulmoides, Lactuca sativa, and other rubber-yielding species, the number of REF genes has markedly increased. Furthermore, some REF genes in H. brasiliensis form a distinct clade in phylogenetic analyses and exhibit differences in conserved motif arrangements and tertiary protein structures compared to other REF genes. These findings suggest that REF genes in rubber-producing plants may have undergone independent evolution, leading to changes in copy number and structure. These alterations could contribute to the production of natural rubber in these species. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for further research into the mechanisms of rubber production in plants and for identifying potential rubber-producing species.
An Assessment of Water Quality and Pollution Sources in a Source Region of Northwest China
Authors: Xin Huijuan , Zhang Shuai , Zhao Weigao
Published: October 2024

China prioritizes ensuring drinking water safety, particularly in the water-scarce northwest region. This study, utilizing water quality data from 52 village and town water sources since August 2022, assesses water quality, with a specific focus on key indicators related to organic pollution sources. This study provides a scientific foundation for enhancing water quality in these sources. Employing category factor analysis for classification and grading, principal component analysis for qualitative analysis of key evaluation indicators, and the absolute principal component linear regression equation for quantitative calculation of pollution sources, this study reveals that all 52 water sources meet quality standards. Principal component analysis categorizes pollution sources as diverse types of organic compounds in surface water. Source analysis calculations highlight decay-type organic substances as major contributors to increased water color and permanganate index, with pollution contribution rates of 54.78% and 31.31%, respectively. Fecal-type organic substances dominate the increase in dissolved total solids and total coliforms, with pollution contribution rates of 56.65% and 40.16%, respectively. Additionally, high-molecular-weight organic substances exhibit lower concentrations in the water. This article presents a systematic water quality assessment methodology, which is used for the first time to qualitatively assess the types of water sources and to quantitatively trace specific sources of organic pollution in source water in northwest China. This systematic study’s results, involving initial assessment followed by traceability, recommend the adoption of a simple contact filtration and disinfection process to enhance water quality in the region.
Novel Challenges and Opportunities for Anesthesia and Perioperative Care in Microvascular Flap Surgery: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ojuva Aleksi Matias , Rocans Rihards Peteris , Zarins Janis , Bine Evita , Mahauri Insana , Donina Simona , Mamaja Biruta , Vanags Indulis
Published: October 2024

Complex microvascular techniques and in-depth knowledge of blood rheology and microanastomosis function are required for success in microvascular flap surgery. Substantial progress has been achieved in preventing complications, but the rate of flap loss is still significant and can have significant adverse effects on the patient. Flap thrombosis, flap hematoma, and flap loss are the most frequent and severe major surgical complications. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of different flap complications, the use of preoperative risk assessment and new treatment concepts could improve the perioperative care of microvascular flap surgery patients. Our aim was to outline novel avenues for best practice and provide an outlook for further research of anesthesia and perioperative care concepts in microvascular flap surgery.
Effects of Incorporating TiO2 Aggregates on the Growth, Anticorrosion, and Antibacterial Properties of Electrodeposited Multifunctional Coatings Based on Sn-Ni Materials
Authors: Pianka Hanna , Boufal Valeria P. , Alisiyonok Olga , Vlasov Maxim , Chernik Alexander , Xue Yanpeng , Taleb Abdelhafed
Published: October 2024

Multifunctional coatings based on Sn-Ni materials with and without titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) incorporation were prepared using the electrochemical deposition technique at 70 °C. TiO2NPs were dispersed in the electrolyte bath, and their influence on the surface texture, crystalline phase, and properties was investigated. Various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) were used to characterize the prepared coatings. The formation mechanism of the deposited coatings has been demonstrated to be consistent with the electrochemical behavior of instantaneous growth, and the three-dimensional growth is controlled by diffusion phenomena. The anticorrosion effectiveness of the coatings was assessed using potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in an artificial sweat medium, while the bactericidal activity of the composite coatings (the ability to induce cell death) was evaluated in accordance with the ISO 27447:2019 test. The influence of TiO2NPs at a low concentration of 1 g/L on the composition, structure, and properties of the deposited coatings was demonstrated. Particular attention was paid to the relationship between the anticorrosive and bactericidal properties of the coatings and their structure composition and wetting properties. The synergistic effect of chemical composition and surface-wetting properties has been demonstrated to enhance the anticorrosive and bactericidal properties of the prepared coatings.
Access Control Verification in Smart Contracts Using Colored Petri Nets
Authors: Al-Azzoni Issam , Iqbal Saqib
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an approach for the verification of access control in smart contracts written in the Digital Asset Modeling Language (DAML). The approach utilizes Colored Petri Nets (CPNs) and their analysis tool CPN Tools. It is a model-driven-based approach that employs a new meta-model for capturing access control requirements in DAML contracts. The approach is supported by a suite of tools that fully automates all of the steps: parsing DAML code, generating DAML model instances, transforming the DAML models into CPN models, and model checking the generated CPN models. The approach is tested using several DAML scripts involving access control extracted from different domains of blockchain applications.
Diet and Habitat Comparison of Two Closely Related Darters (Percina bimaculata and Percina caprodes)
Authors: Stylianides Antonios G. , Mueller Sara J. , Stauffer Jay R.
Published: October 2024

The Chesapeake Logperch (Percina bimaculata) is a medium-sized darter that has had a limited distribution in Pennsylvania and Maryland. It is a threatened species native to the Susquehanna River and historically occurred in the Potomac River. It is currently being reviewed to determine if it should be listed as federally endangered. There are major efforts to reintroduce the Chesapeake Logperch to where it was historically native. Toward this end, we documented the selected habitats and diets, to aid in the selection of new habitats for reintroduction. Because historical data on habitat selection and diet of the Chesapeake Logperch were not available, we compared these habitats selected to those of the closely related Northern Logperch (P. caprodes semifasciata), and diet to the Ohio Logperch (P. caprodes caprodes). The habitat occupied by the Chesapeake Logperch was only a portion of that occupied by the Northern Logperch. Selection of streams for reintroduction can use data presented herein for the Chesapeake Logperch and historical data for the Northern Logperch. The diet of both the Chesapeake Logperch and the Ohio Logperch indicated that their diets differ, thus the prey items reported herein must be present when selecting putative reintroduction sites. These results will help to create more informed choices for streams considered for the reintroduction of the Chesapeake Logperch.
Impact of Probiotic and Bioprotective Cultures on the Quality and Shelf Life of Butter and Buttermilk
Authors: Pereira Carlos , Gomes David , Dias Susana , Santos Sandra , Pires Arona , Viegas Jorge
Published: October 2024

In this study, butter and the corresponding buttermilk samples were produced with cream fermented by aromatic (A) or probiotic (P) cultures with or without complementary bioprotective culture (BC). The samples were characterised for their composition and colour parameters. Texture and rheological properties were evaluated at 10 and 20 °C. Microbiological (lactobacilli, lactococci, and yeast and mould counts) and sensory (aroma, taste, texture, and global evaluation) analyses were also performed. All butter sample characteristics were in accordance with the Portuguese standard. Regarding colour, the sample obtained with cream fermented by probiotics plus bioprotective culture (PBC) presented higher L* and b* values, indicating a slightly higher yellow chroma. However, colour differences (ΔEab*) in the butter samples were, in most cases, not detectable by a common observer. Butter samples P and PBC presented a significantly higher viscous modulus and consequently higher dynamic viscosity values (ca. log 6.5 Pa.s at 10 °C and log 5 Pa.s at 20 °C). Butter samples presented a pseudoplastic behaviour, and rheological parameters showed a high dependence on temperature. The counts of lactobacilli and lactococci in the butter samples were of the order of log 7–8 CFU/g, while yeast and mould counts were lower than log 2 CFU/g until the 30th day of storage, after which they showed a sharp increase to ca. log 5 CFU/g between the 30th and the 60th days of storage. Regarding sensory attributes of butter, sample P received the highest overall liking, followed by samples ABC and PBC. Sample A was the least appreciated. Buttermilk samples presented significant differences regarding their composition, viscosity, and colour parameters. In all cases, lactobacilli and lactococci counts exceeded log 7 CFU/mL after 30 days of storage, but yeast and mould counts were of the order of log 5–6 CFU/mL at the 15th day of storage. Samples P and PBC presented yeast and mould counts ca. 1–2 log cycles lower than samples A and ABC, indicating the potential of probiotic and bioprotective cultures to extend the shelf life of the product. Regarding the sensory attributes of buttermilk, samples P and PBC received the highest overall liking, followed by sample ABC. Sample A received the lowest scores, as had occurred with the butter samples. However, in all cases, the scores obtained by the buttermilk samples were lower compared to the ones of the corresponding butter. It can be concluded that both probiotic butter and buttermilk present high levels of lactobacilli and lactococci and can maintain their probiotic potential throughout the storage period.
Performance Assessment of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of Viruses Causing Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Upadhyay Pallavi , Surur Fahida , Singh Vijay
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, global epidemiological trends demonstrate a return to pre-pandemic levels of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza (Flu) A/B viruses. For the appropriate clinical management of viral infections, reliable and timely diagnosis is crucial. The clinical presentation of these respiratory viral infections shows significant overlaps; thus, the syndromic diagnosis of these infections becomes challenging. The goal of this study was to compare the performance of three multiplex real-time PCR-based platforms for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, Flu A, Flu B, and RSV. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 200 de-identified nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens. All samples were tested simultaneously on three PCR-based platforms for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, Flu A, Flu B, and RSV: HealthTrackRx’s real-time PCR Open Array® respiratory panel, TrueMark™ SARS-CoV-2, Flu A, Flu B, RSV Select Panel, and BioFire® RP2.1 Panel. The positive and negative predictive value of each test was evaluated at a 95% confidence interval. Results: Among the 200 tested samples, the TrueMark™ and OpenArray® laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) showed a 100% concordance for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, Flu A, Flu B, and RSV. Overall agreement of 100% was observed for nasopharyngeal samples between the laboratory-developed tests and FDA-approved BioFire® RP2.1 Panel. Diagnostic results for these four respiratory viruses, in clinical samples, between the LDTs and the FDA-approved comparator demonstrated full concordance. Conclusions: Respiratory viral infections represent one of the major global healthcare burdens. Consequently, the accurate detection and surveillance of these viruses are critical, particularly when these viruses are known to co-circulate. The excellent performance and full concordance of the LDTs, with the BioFire® Respiratory RP2.1 panel, in detecting SARS-CoV-2, Flu A, Flu B, and RSV shows that these tests can be confidently implemented for the clinical testing of respiratory viral infections.
Visual Servoing for Aerial Vegetation Sampling Systems
Authors: Samadikhoshkho Zahra , Lipsett Michael G.
Published: October 2024

This research describes a vision-based control strategy that employs deep learning for an aerial manipulation system developed for vegetation sampling in remote, dangerous environments. Vegetation sampling in such places presents considerable technical challenges such as equipment failures and exposure to hazardous elements. Controlling aerial manipulation in unstructured areas such as forests remains a significant challenge because of uncertainty, complex dynamics, and the possibility of collisions. To overcome these issues, we offer a new image-based visual servoing (IBVS) method that uses knowledge distillation to provide robust, accurate, and adaptive control of the aerial vegetation sampler. A convolutional neural network (CNN) from a previous study is used to detect the grasp point, giving critical feedback for the visual servoing process. The suggested method improves the precision of visual servoing for sampling by using a learning-based approach to grip point selection and camera calibration error handling. Simulation results indicate the system can track and sample tree branches with minimum error, demonstrating that it has the potential to improve the safety and efficiency of aerial vegetation sampling.
Susceptibility to Translational Landslides in Ecuador Caused by Changes in Electrical Permittivity of Andepts Soils Using Software-Defined Radar for Detection
Authors: Veloz-Cherrez Diego , Ojeda Marcelo , Moreno David , Del Pozo Johanna
Published: October 2024

Landslides are widespread and global geological disasters, affecting millions of people and causing numerous deaths each year. Despite technological advances, it is still difficult to accurately prevent landslides. Due to its geography and climatic conditions, Ecuador has been significantly affected by landslides, and the city of Penipe remains one of the most affected. For this reason, a low-cost SDRadar system was designed to detect translational landslide risk levels by measuring the electrical permittivity of Andepts subtype soils. Controlled laboratory tests were performed with soil samples to relate permittivity values to landslide risk levels, and subsequently field tests were carried out in Penipe to determine the efficiency of the methodology. The results showed that moderate humidity is important for soil compaction, regardless of the degree of sloping. However, with permittivity values lower than 1.5 or higher than 20, the risk of landslides is very high on slopes greater than 45°. These results were compared with records of the serious landslides that occurred in June 2024 in Ecuador, in which rainfall intensity values similar to those obtained in this study were recorded, suggesting that this system can prevent future disasters.
What Outcomes Matter Most to Paediatric Burn Patients and Their Caregivers: A Comparison of Short-Term and Long-Term Priorities
Authors: Spronk Inge , Edgar Dale W. , Shoesmith Victoria , Lansdorp Corine A. , Fear Mark W. , Wood Fiona M. , Martin Lisa J.
Published: October 2024

Identifying outcomes that matter most is key in driving specialized paediatric burn care. The aim of this study was to discover the most important outcomes for paediatric burns. Parents of children (0–3 year and 4–11 years old) and adolescents (12–17 yearss old) completed surveys to identify outcomes that matter most in the short-term (<6 months postburn) and long-term (6–24 months postburn). The percentage of patients scoring an outcome as ‘very important’ was used to rank the outcomes. Fifty-four parents/adolescents participated (response rate: 27%). Children had a median TBSA burned of 5.0% (IQR: 2.0–7.0%). In the short-term, ‘good wound healing’ and ‘no wound infection’ (both at 71.4–100%) were very important for all children. ‘Not having pain’ (90.3–93.8%) was ranked highest for children ≤11 years old, whereas ‘walking or moving around’ (85.7%) was most important for older children. In the long-term, more variation was seen in outcome priorities; however, both ‘not having pain’ (53.6–85.7%) and ‘flexibility of scar(s)’ (60.7–71.4%) were considered very important by all three groups. Patient- and parent-derived priorities are important for developing consumer-centric, highest-value care pathways. The priority of the outcomes identified is a starting point to discuss treatment options and recovery priorities in a family-centric approach to guide high-value, individualized care.
Implementing Problem-Based Learning in Marketing Education: A Systematic Review and Analysis
Authors: Rosário Albérico Travassos , Dias Joana Carmo
Published: October 2024

The marketing industry is rapidly evolving, prompting educational programs to adapt and provide graduates with relevant skills and knowledge. This systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis (SLRBA) explores the incorporation of problem-based learning (PBL) in marketing education. PBL is a teaching approach that encourages students to solve real-world problems by integrating theory and practice, thereby improving their critical thinking and decision-making skills. Our review synthesizes data from 71 sources, detailing the definition of PBL, strategies for its implementation in marketing education, and the associated benefits and challenges. The findings show that PBL enhances student engagement, provides hands-on experience, and equips students for real-world marketing challenges. Effective strategies for PBL adoption include leveraging social media, serious games, E-learning, and feedback systems to facilitate active learning and student participation. However, PBL poses challenges, such as high resource requirements, student resistance, and concerns over information accuracy. This review underscores the importance of PBL in closing the gap between theoretical concepts and practical skills, helping marketing students better meet industry expectations. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research and best practices for integrating PBL in marketing education.
The Extraction of the Density of States of Atomic-Layer-Deposited ZnO Transistors by Analyzing Gate-Dependent Field-Effect Mobility
Authors: Yoon Minho
Published: October 2024

In this study, we investigated the density of states extraction method for atomic-deposited ZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs) by analyzing gate-dependent field-effect mobility. The atomic layer deposition (ALD) method offers ultra-thin and smooth ZnO films, but these films suffer from interface and semiconductor defects, which lead to disordered localized electronic structures. Hence, to investigate the unstable localized structure of ZnO TFTs, we tried to derive the electronic state relationship by assuming field-effect mobility can be expressed as a gate-dependent Arrhenius relation, and the activation energy in the relation is the required energy for hopping. Following this derived relationship, the DOS of the atomic-deposited ZnO transistor was extracted and found to be consistent with those using temperature-dependent measurements. Moreover, to ensure the proposed method is reliable, we applied methods for the extraction of DOSs of doped ZnO transistors, which show enhanced mobilities with shifted threshold voltages, and the results show that the extraction method is reliable. Thus, we can state that the mobility-based DOS extraction method offers practical benefits for estimating the density of states of disordered transistors using a single transfer characteristic of these devices.
Power Transformer Fault Diagnosis Based on Random Forest and Improved Particle Swarm Optimization–Backpropagation–AdaBoost
Authors: Zhou Lei , Fu Zhongjun , Li Keyang , Wang Yuhui , Rao Hang
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a novel fault diagnosis methodology for oil-immersed transformers to improve the diagnostic accuracy influenced by gas components in power transformer oil. Firstly, the Random Forest (RF) algorithm is utilized to evaluate and filter the raw data features, solving the problem of determining significant features in the dataset. Secondly, a multi-strategy Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) is applied to optimize a double-hidden layer backpropagation neural network (BPNN), which overcomes the challenge of determining hyperparameters in the model. Four enhancement strategies, including SPM chaos mapping based on opposition-based learning, adaptive weight, spiral flight search, and crisscross strategies, are introduced based on traditional Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to enhance the model’s optimization capabilities. Lastly, AdaBoost is integrated to fortify the resilience of the IPSO-BP network. Ablation experiments demonstrate an enhanced convergence rate and model accuracy of IPSO. Case analysis using Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) samples compares the proposed IPSO–BP–AdaBoost model with other swarm intelligence optimization algorithms integrated with BPNN. The experimental findings highlight the superior diagnostic accuracy and classification performance of the IPSO–BP–AdaBoost model.
Small-Sample Data Pricing Based on Data Augmentation and Meta-Learning
Authors: Shen Junxin , Yang Yi , Xiao Fanghao
Published: October 2024

Data trading platforms play a crucial role in facilitating data circulation and promoting the sustainable allocation of data resources. Establishing a transparent, fair, and efficient pricing mechanism is key to ensuring the long-term stability and development of such platforms. However, these platforms face challenges in pricing due to the small sample problem, as traditional machine learning methods typically rely on large amounts of data. To address this issue, this paper proposes a data resource pricing model that combines WGAN-GP data augmentation and the Reptile algorithm. Data augmentation generates related datasets to increase sample size, enhancing the renewability of data resources, while meta-learning transfers knowledge across tasks, improving the model’s ability to quickly adapt to new tasks and efficiently utilize resources. Validation using actual trading data from the data trading platform shows that the proposed model accurately predicts data resource prices under small-sample conditions, outperforming other models. This study addresses the limitations of existing pricing methods in small-sample scenarios, providing a sustainable pricing solution for small-sample data resources and improving the accuracy and long-term stability of data pricing in the market.