bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Learning Characteristics and Principles of Information Resources Knowledge Structuring
Authors: Belichenko Margarita , Davidovitch Nitza , Kravchenko Yuri
Published: July 2017

Analysis of principles knowledge representation in information systems led to the necessity of improving the structuring knowledge. It is caused by the development of software component and new possibilities of information technologies. The article combines methodological aspects of structuring knowledge and effective usage of information resources which are designed for the scientific and methodological study of practical recommendations in Digital learning implementation. It is shown at the paper that one of the most important problems, which face the processing of knowledge or construction systems, is knowledge representation. The main idea of the paper is increasing the efficiency at the university learning process on the basis of a possible applications and rational structuring knowledge. The proposed concept of using information resources of Digital Learning is based on the idea of using the principles of abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, hierarchy, typing, concurrency preservation and implementation in such stages of this process as algorithmic support of knowledge structuring and structured transfer of knowledge to students. The topic of the article is unique as we try to see Digital learning in multidisciplinary aspects: education, mathematics, statistics. The article combines a theoretical approach to structuring knowledge that is based on the integrated usage of fuzzy semantic network, theory of predicates, Boolean functions, theory of complexity of network structures and practical aspects and ways of construction Digital Learning Systems at the University.
The Effects of Learning Activities Based on Argumentation on Conceptual Understanding of 7th Graders about “Force and Motion” Unit and Establishing Thinking Friendly Classroom Environment
Authors: Buber Ayse , Coban Gul Unal
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of learning activities based on argumentation about “Force and Motion” unit on conceptual understanding and views about establishing thinking friendly classroom environment of 7th graders. The study was conducted with total 39 students (20 students in experimental group and 19 students in control group) in a secondary school. The experimental group received learning activities based on argumentation while the control group received regular science learning depending on the current science curriculum for over five week period. Both groups were given Force and Motion Concept Test and Thinking Friendly Classroom Scale before and after the instruction. Besides, six students from the experimental group were interviewed after the instruction about conceptual understanding and thinking friendly classroom features by a form developed by the researchers. The results showed that there isn’t a significant difference between conceptual understandings of experimental and control group students. Besides, it was found that there is a significant difference between thinking friendly classroom scale of experimental and control group students in favor of experimental group. Moreover, the results of the interviews conducted with six of experimental group indicated that they feel themselves in thinking friendly classrooms and with a fine conceptual understandings are fine although they have some misconceptions.
Impact of the Interactive Story Reading Method on Receptive and Expressive Language Vocabulary of Children
Authors: Okyay Ozlem , Kandir Adalet
Published: July 2017

This study aims to review the impact of the interactive story reading method on 48-72 month children’s vocabulary based on receptive and expressive language. The study group is 52 children in the 48-72 months age group at the nurseries of primary schools at Ankara province. The research employed a combined pattern analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data. The data were collected via "General Information Form" ,"Expressive and Receptive Language Test in Turkish (TIFALDI)" developed under the leadership of Gul Guven and Berument The "Teacher Observation Form", the "Teacher Interview Form" and the "Family Interview Form". In conclusion of the study, a significant difference in favor of the experiment group in the posttest was observed with respect to average posttest scores of experiment and control groups, following the implementation of the Interactive Story Reading Program. The comparison of the follow-up test and pretest score averages revealed a significantly high value in favor of the total for the follow-up test for the children in the experiment group. The agreement among the forms filled out by two observers with reference to the results of the observation and video analysis regarding the implementation of the "Interactive Story Reading Method" by the teachers, was assessed to be good/very good agreement. In the light of these results it can be said that the interactive story reading method have a fundamental impact on receptive and expressive vocabulary knowledge of 48-72 months old children.
Phenomenologies in The Flowing Live Present
Authors: Fraleigh Sondra
Published: July 2017

Phenomenology is a popular qualitative method of enquiry, but not all phenomenology is the same. There are basic differences, and, at the same time, common threads that define an approach as phenomenological. Outgrowths of phenomenology are rooted in Edmund Husserl’s philosophy, now differentiated and widely applied in the arts, social science, psychology, somatic fields of enquiry and religious studies. Husserl’s foundational ideas return throughout this article. In Part 2, I engage connections between phenomenology, spirituality and dance. My hope is that practitioners and scholars of dance who are drawn to phenomenology will find themselves somewhere in this study.
The Inflammatory Radicular Cysts Have Higher Concentration of TNF-α in Comparison to Odontogenic Keratocysts (Odontogenic Tumour)
Authors: Jurisic Vladimir , Colic Snjezana , Jurisic Milan
Published: July 2017

TNF-α is a pleiotropic cytokine that is considered as a primary modifier of inflammatory and immune reaction in response to various inflammatory diseases and tumour. We investigated levels of TNF-α in 43 radicular cysts and 15 odontogenic keratocysts, obtained from patients undergoing surgery, under local anaesthesia, and after aspiration of cystic fluid from non-ruptured cysts. TNF-α is elevated in both cysts’ fluid, but higher values were found in radicular cysts in comparison to keratocysts. The significantly higher concentration of TNF-α was associated with smaller radicular cysts, higher protein concentration, higher presence of inflammatory cells in peri cystic tissues, and the degree of vascularisation and cysts wall thickness (Mann-Whitney U-test, p<0.05). No correlation was found based on these parameters in odontogenic keratocyst, but all cysts have detectable concentrations of TNF-α. We here for the first time present that a difference in the concentration of TNF-α exists between these two cystic types.
Effects of Some Additives on In Vitro True Digestibility of Wheat and Soybean Straw Pellets
Authors: Kılıc Unal , Gulecyuz Emre
Published: July 2017

This study was aimed to explore the nutrient content, relative feed values (RFV) andin vitrotrue digestibilities (IVTD) of wheat straw and soybean straw pellets produced with the addition of molasses, guar meal and sepiolite. In this experiment, 16 groups were created for 2 different straws (wheat/soybean straws), 2 different sepiolite applications (available/not available) and 4 different applications (control, guar meal, molasses, guar meal+molasses) in accordance with the 2×2×4 factorial design. A Daisy incubator was used to determine the IVTD of the feeds. According to the results, molasses and guar meal increased the RFV of soybean straws, while molasses and guar meal treatments and sepiolite did not affect the RFV of wheat straws. It was observed that sepiolite increased the RFV’s of soybean straw for guar meal and guar meal+molasses. The higher IVTD’s were found for guar meal (without sepiolite) treatment of soybean straw and guar meal (with sepiolite) treatment of wheat straw. Molasses and guar meal addition to wheat and soybean straws improved the crude protein contents. In conclusion, straw pelleting can be used as an alternative forage conservation method to close the gap in forage supply during the winter.
Differential BPFs with Multiple Transmission Zeros Based on Terminated Coupled Lines
Authors: Niu Yiming , Yang Guo , Wu Wen
Published: July 2017

Differential bandpass filters (BPFs) named Filter A and Filter B based on Terminated Coupled Lines (TCLs) are proposed in this letter. The TCLs contributes to not only three poles in differential-mode (DM) for wideband filtering response but also multiple zeros in both DM and common-mode (CM) offering wide DM out-of-band rejection and good CM suppression. Fabricated filters centred at 3.5 GHz with wide DM passband and wideband CM suppression have been designed and measured. The filters improved the noise suppression capability of the communication and radiometer systems. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.
Numerical Simulation of Heat Distribution with Temperature-Dependent Thermal Conductivity in a Two-Dimensional Liquid Flow
Authors: Nyemb Nsoga Valjacques , Hona Jacques , Pemha Elkana
Published: July 2017

This paper is a contribution to a better understanding of heat transfer through porous channels used for mechanical sieving and filtration of liquids. The problem modeled by means of the Navier–Stokes equations and the energy equation is similar to a viscous flow between two uniformly permeable walls fixed at different temperatures. Thermal behaviors are determined through three branches denoted solutions of types I, II and III of a diagram of bifurcations presenting the values of the wall shear stress as the Reynolds number varies. We found that the distribution of temperature is similar through branches I and II where a large horizontal inflection area is observed as the Péclet number increases. This large horizontal inflection area inside the channel denotes the presence of thermal boundary layers which more precisely occur across branches I and II when the Péclet number approaches the value of 10. On the other hand, along branch III, thermal boundary layers do not exist and temperature presents a different behavior compared to those of branches I and II.
Severe hypertriglyceridemia at new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Fick Tyler , Jack Julie , Pyle-Eilola Amy L. , Henry Rohan K.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) as well as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are complications of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). HTG is an exceedingly rare complication in the pediatric population and herein we report a case of HTG at new-onset T1DM in DKA and discuss management and potential complications.

Case presentation:

An 11-year-old previously well patient with a history of fatigue and weight loss presented with: glucose >600 mg/dL, venous blood gas: pH 7.26, pCO

Conclusions:

Lipemia secondary to severe HTG, though exceedingly rare, may exist in new onset T1DM with DKA. Complicating the diagnosis is the possibility of an analytical error from lipemia causing incongruence in diagnostic criteria. Clinicians should rely on clinical criteria for management and should consider HTG if laboratory data is inconsistent with the clinical picture.
Growth and pubertal patterns in young survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Elitzur Sarah , Houri-Shtrecher Revital , Yackobovitz-Gavan Michal , Avrahami Galia , Barzilai Shlomit , Gilad Gil , Lebenthal Yael , Phillip Moshe , Stark Batia , Yaniv Isaac , Shalitin Shlomit
Published: July 2017

Background:

Survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may experience endocrine dysfunction. This study evaluated growth and pubertal patterns in survivors of childhood ALL.

Methods:

Longitudinal assessment of anthropometric measurements and pubertal status was performed in a retrospective cohort of survivors (n=183). Median age at last endocrine visit was 16.1 years (range 8.2–27.6); median follow-up time was 8.7 years (range 3–21.4).

Results:

Treatment with chemotherapy+prophylactic cranial radiation (pCRT, n=29) was associated with lower mean height standard deviation score (SDS) than chemotherapy alone (n=154) (p=0.001) and higher prevalence of adult short stature (13% vs. 2.2%). Mean age at pubertal onset was normal (girls: 10.3±1.3 years; boys: 12.0±1.3 years). Precocious puberty, diagnosed in 8.7% of patients, was more prevalent in pCRT-treated girls. Rates of overweight and obesity were 22.9% and 9.3%, respectively. Predictors of endocrine disorders were pCRT (p=0.031) and female gender (p=0.041); of obesity, higher body mass index (BMI)-SDS at diagnosis (p=0.001); and of short stature, lower height-SDS at diagnosis (p=0.038).

Conclusions:

Most childhood ALL survivors given chemotherapy alone attain normal adult height and puberty. Childhood ALL survivors are at increased risk of overweight, especially those with increased BMI at diagnosis. Clinicians should screen for overweight early in survivorship and introduce early interventions.
Early postnatal echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary blood flow in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Kipfmueller Florian , Heindel Katrin , Schroeder Lukas , Berg Christoph , Dewald Oliver , Reutter Heiko , Bartmann Peter , Mueller Andreas
Published: July 2017

Objective:

Echocardiography is the most important tool to assess infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) for pulmonary hypertension (PH). The pattern of blood flow in the pulmonary artery [described as time to peak velocity (TPV)/right ventricular ejection time (RVET) ratio] provides distinct information about pulmonary arterial pressure. The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation of TPV/RVET measurements with the most commonly used classification system for PH in CDH newborns and the association of these measurements with outcome parameters.

Methods:

Echocardiographic measurements were obtained in 40 CDH newborns within 6 h of life. The obtained measurements were correlated with the decision for or against extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); early mortality; total duration of mechanical ventilation and total duration of oxygen supplementation.

Results:

The correlation coefficient between severity of PH and TPV/RVET measurements was −0.696 (P<0.001). Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses the optimal cutoff for TPV/RVET in order to predict the necessity for ECMO or early mortality without ECMO was 0.29 with a sensitivity of 86.7%, a specificity of 68%, a positive predictive value of 61.9% and a negative predictive value of 89.5%. Newborns with a TPV/RVET below the cutoff had a 5.9-fold risk for ECMO or early mortality, a significantly longer duration of mechanical ventilation (13.4 days vs. 7.4 days, P=0.003) and oxygen supplementation (22.4 days vs. 9.0 days, P=0.019), and a lower survival rate (76.2% vs. 100%, P=0.021).

Conclusions:

TPV/RVET is a feasible parameter to assess PH in CDH newborns with close correlation to outcome parameters.
Impact factors on fetal descent rates in the active phase of labor: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kimmich Nina , Juhasova Jana , Haslinger Christian , Ochsenbein-Kölble Nicole , Zimmermann Roland
Published: July 2017

Aim:

To assess fetal descent rates of nulliparous and multiparous women in the active phase of labor and to evaluate significant impact factors.

Methods:

In a retrospective cohort study at the University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland, we evaluated 6045 spontaneous vaginal deliveries with a singleton in vertex presentation between January 2007 and July 2014 at 34 0/7 to 42 0/7 gestational weeks. Median fetal descent rates and their 10th and 90th percentiles were assessed in the active phase of labor and different impact factors were evaluated.

Results:

Fetal descent rates are exponentially increasing. Nulliparous women have slower fetal descent than multiparous women (P<0.001), ranging from 0 to 5.81 cm/h and from 0 to 15 cm/h, respectively. The total duration of fetal descent in labor is 5.42 h for nulliparous and 2.71 h for multiparous women. Accelerating impact factors are a lower fetal station, multiparity, increasing maternal weight and fetal occipitoanterior position, whereas epidural anesthesia decelerates fetal descent (P<0.001).

Conclusions:

Fetal descent is a hyperbolic increasing process with faster descent in multiparous women compared to nulliparous women, is highly inter individual and is associated with different impact factors. The diagnosis of labor arrest or prolonged labor should therefore be based on such rates as well as on individual evaluation of every parturient.
Muscle stem cell and physical activity: what point is the debate at?
Authors: Ceccarelli Gabriele , Benedetti Laura , Arcari Maria Luisa , Carubbi Cecilia , Galli Daniela
Published: July 2017

In the last 15 years, it emerged that the practice of regular physical activity reduces the risks of many diseases (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, etc.) and it is fundamental in weight control and energy consuming to contrast obesity. Different groups proposed many molecular mechanisms as responsible for the positive effects of physical activity in healthy life. However, many points remain to be clarified. In this mini-review we reported the latest observations on the effects of physical exercise on healthy skeletal and cardiac muscle focusing on muscle stem cells. The last ones represent the fundamental elements for muscle regeneration post injury, but also for healthy muscle homeostasis.

Interestingly, in both muscle tissues the morphological consequence of physical activity is a physiological hypertrophy that depends on different phenomena both in differentiated cells and stem cells. The signaling pathways for physical exercise effects present common elements in skeletal and cardiac muscle, like activation of specific transcription factors, proliferative pathways, and cytokines. More recently, post translational (miRNAs) or epigenetic (DNA methylation) modifications have been demonstrated. However, several points remain unresolved thus requiring new research on the effect of exercise on muscle stem cells.
Bio-adsorbent derived from papaya peel waste and magnetic nanoparticles fabricated for lead determination
Authors: Abbaszadeh Sahar , Nodeh Hamid Rashidi , Alwi Sharifah Rafidah Wan
Published: July 2017

Determination of toxic lead ions at trace level using solid-based adsorbents has become of interest in recent years. In this work, a novel bio-adsorbent originating from papaya peel waste (PPw) and magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) was developed (Fe3O4/PPw). The new adsorbent was prepared using a one-pot green method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffractometer, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The synthesized Fe3O4/PPw was used as a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) sorbent for extraction of lead ions from waste water prior to assessing by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The parameters influencing extraction recovery, including desorption solvent, solvent volume, sample volume, extraction time, desorption time, adsorbent dosage, salt effect and pH were optimized. A linear response for the MSPE method was achieved at concentrations from 10 to 100 ng mL−1 with a good coefficient of determination (R
2=0.9987). Detection limits and quantitation limit of the MSPE method were observed around 2 ng mL−1 and 6.6 ng mL−1, respectively. The intraday and interday precision (%RSD) was in the range 1.6%–4.5% and 2.3%–7.4%, respectively. The recovery amounts obtained were 91% for tap water, 85.9% for river water and 86% for waste water. The synthesized adsorbent showed a minimum reusability of eight cycles without significant change in the lead determination. The results proved that the new bio-adsorbent (Fe3O4/PPw) is potentially capable to extract the Pb(II) from aqueous media under optimum conditions with a high extraction efficiency.
Generating prediction bands for path forecasts from SETAR models
Authors: Grabowski Daniel , Staszewska-Bystrova Anna , Winker Peter
Published: July 2017

Prediction bands for time series are usually generated point-wise by bootstrap methods. Such bands only convey the prediction uncertainty for each horizon separately. The joint distribution is not taken into account. To represent the forecast uncertainty over the entire horizon, methods for constructing joint prediction bands for path forecasts from SETAR models are proposed. This class of nonlinear models is increasingly used in time series analysis and forecasting as it is useful for capturing nonlinear dynamics. Approaches based on statistical theory and explicit sequential and global optimization methods are both considered. Monte Carlo simulation is used to assess the performance of the proposed methods. The comparison is done with regard to the actual coverage of the constructed prediction bands for full path forecasts as well as with regard to the width of the bands. An empirical application demonstrates the relevance of the choice of bands for indicating the uncertainty of path forecasts in nonlinear models.
Physical and Physiological Demands of Elite International Female Field Hockey Players During Competitive Match Play
Authors: McGuinness Aideen , Malone Shane , Petrakos George , Collins Kieran
Published: July 2017

McGuinness, A, Malone, S, Petrakos, G, and Collins, K. The physical and physiological demands of elite international female field hockey players during competitive match play. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 3105–3113, 2019—The aim of the current investigation was to quantify the physical and physiological demands of elite international female field hockey match play across halves of play. Thirty-eight participants (24 ± 5 years; 173 ± 5 cm; 72 ± 5 kg) took part in 19 competitive matches during the 2014–2015 season. Participants were monitored with global positioning system technology and heart rate monitors. Players were categorized based on 3 different playing positions. Activity was categorized into total (m), high-speed running distance (m; >16 km·h−1), and relative distance (RD) (m·min−1) due to the use of rolling substitutions. Heart rate was classified based on the percentage of players' individual peak heart rate (HRpeak) determined by a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 test. Players spent on average 44 ± 7 minutes in match play. The total distance (TD) covered was 5,558 ± 527 m (125 ± 23 m·min−1) with 589 ± 160 m (13 ± 4 m·min−1) completed at high speed. Defenders covered a greater TD compared with other positions of play (p ≤ 0.001). Midfield players covered a greater distance at high speed (p ≤ 0.001) with the forwards having a higher relative distance (p ≤ 0.001). The HRpeak of the players was 199 ± 1 b·min−1 with a mean exercise intensity of 86 ± 7.8% of HRpeak. The time spent >85% HRpeak decreased significantly across the halves (p = 0.04, η2 = 0.09, small). Defenders were found to spend more time >85% HRpeak when compared with forwards (p ≤ 0.001). The current investigation provides normative data that coaches should consider when constructing training regimen.
Ernest Chausson's Viviane, “Déwagnérisation,” and the Problem of Descriptive Music
Authors: Seto Mark
Published: July 2017

Ernest Chausson made two major aesthetic decisions in the mid-1880s: he resolved to “dewagnerize” himself and declared that he would no longer write program music. These developments were coeval with Chausson's revisions of Viviane (composed 1882–83, revised 1887 and 1893), a symphonic poem that shares musical material and subject matter with the composer's magnum opus, Le Roi Arthus (1886–95). Drawing on unpublished sketches and manuscripts of Viviane, I trace how Chausson's evolving aesthetics manifested themselves in his revisions of the work. While he suppressed evidence of Wagnerian mimicry, the process of “dewagnerization” was equivocal; Viviane ultimately became more beholden to certain Wagnerian dramaturgical ideals. At the same time, Chausson brought Viviane more closely in line with sonata procedures, inviting the listener to appreciate the work on its purely sonic merits at a time when the composer was becoming less sympathetic to the idea of “descriptive music.” I conclude by discussing the connections between Viviane and Le Roi Arthus and exploring how Chausson's reuse of material from the symphonic poem sheds light on issues of influence and signification in the opera.
Structural insights into transcription initiation by yeast RNA polymerase I
Authors: Sadian Yashar , Tafur Lucas , Kosinski Jan , Jakobi Arjen J , Wetzel Rene , Buczak Katarzyna , Hagen Wim JH , Beck Martin , Sachse Carsten , Müller Christoph W
Published: July 2017

In eukaryotic cells, RNA polymerase I (Pol I) synthesizes precursor ribosomal RNA (pre‐rRNA) that is subsequently processed into mature rRNA. To initiate transcription, Pol I requires the assembly of a multi‐subunit pre‐initiation complex (PIC) at the ribosomal RNA promoter. In yeast, the minimal PIC includes Pol I, the transcription factor Rrn3, and Core Factor (CF) composed of subunits Rrn6, Rrn7, and Rrn11. Here, we present the cryo‐EM structure of the 18‐subunit yeast Pol I PIC bound to a transcription scaffold. The cryo‐EM map reveals an unexpected arrangement of the DNA and CF subunits relative to Pol I. The upstream DNA is positioned differently than in any previous structures of the Pol II PIC. Furthermore, the TFIIB‐related subunit Rrn7 also occupies a different location compared to the Pol II PIC although it uses similar interfaces as TFIIB to contact DNA. Our results show that although general features of eukaryotic transcription initiation are conserved, Pol I and Pol II use them differently in their respective transcription initiation complexes.
Narrativas de Madres acerca de las concepciones y prácticas del cuidado en la primera infancia con discapacidad y su incidencia en la calidad de vida en la localidad de San Cristóbal
Authors: Herrera Alba Viviana
Published: July 2017

Este artículo es el resultado de la investigación desarrollada en la localidad cuarta San Cristóbal de la ciudad de Bogotá. El objetivo de esta fue comprenderlas concepciones y prácticas de madres acerca del cuidado de niños y niñas con discapacidad en primera infancia y como estas inciden en la calidad de vida de sus familias; a partir de narrativas que permitieron una interpretación significativa y reflexiva sobre la vida cotidiana de las cuidadoras de estas familias que están en constante búsqueda de la garantía de los Derechos Humanos. La investigación fue de carácter cualitativo con enfoque histórico hermenéutico, se realizaron cinco entrevistas semiestructuradas con madres cuidadoras, quienes construyeron sus narrativas a partir de las concepciones y prácticas del cuidado de los niños y niñas con discapacidad, y su incidencia en la calidad de vida. Para comprender las concepciones de las cuidadoras se utilizaron como referentes teóricos a Nussbaum y Sen (1998) y su definición de Calidad de Vida. Asimismo se retoma a Schalock y Verdugo (2011), quienes definen la categoría de Bienestar. Finalmente Nussbaum (2005), que a  partir de habilidades: habilidad para un examen crítico de uno mismo y de las propias tradiciones, la destreza que debe poseer el ciudadano y la imaginación narrativa, a partir de la cual se logra comprender las particularidades de cada una de las familias. Dentro de las conclusiones se destaca la sobrecarga del cuidado que las madres deben asumir como único miembro de la familia que asume el cuidado de niños y niñas con discapacidad, lo que implica que ellas dejen de lado su desarrollo personal, laboral, social, encontrando barreras actitudinales que condicionan y pareciera determinar la calidad de vida.

 
Contraste entre los determinantes de la inversión en I&D y del registro de patentes en sectores industriales de Colombia
Authors: Juliao Rossi Jorge , Pineda Acero Julia , Barrios Aguirre Fernando
Published: July 2017

Resumen

Esta investigación contrasta los determinantes del esfuerzo innovador y del conteo de patentes de sectores industriales de una economía emergente. En muchos estudios se tiende a considerar el gasto en I&D y el conteo de patentes como indicadores de desempeño innovador. Sin embargo, el presente trabajo prueba que el esfuerzo innovador y el registro de patentes son dos comportamientos diferentes, no directamente relacionados y sin los mismos determinantes. Se usan datos provenientes de la tercera encuesta de desarrollo e innovación tecnológica (DANE–DNP–COLCIENCIAS). Los resultados sugieren que las condiciones del desarrollo tecnológico e institucional de Colombia se reflejan en relaciones entre determinantes y los dos indicadores de desempeño innovador, distintas de las que se observan en países industrializados.

Abstract

In this research are contrasted the determinants of R&D investment and patent count of industries belonging to an emerging country. In many studies is common to consider indistinctly these indicators as a proxy of innovation performance. However, this research shows that R&D investment and patent count are two different behavior: these don not have necessarily a direct relationship and the same determinants. It was used de data provided for third survey of Innovation and Technology Development (in forward EDIT) (DANE–DNP–COLCIENCIAS). The results obtained suggest that the institutional and technological conditions of Colombia are reflected in some relationships between innovation determinants and both innovation performance indicators used different from that observed in industrialized countries.
Una comparación del gasto por tres niveles de ingreso para Colombia bajo una estimación del sistema de ecuaciones de demanda Working y Leser y del Sistema Lineal de Gasto Extendido 2008
Authors: Talero Bernal Jorge
Published: July 2017

Una de las preguntas principales de la ciencia económica es la forma de abordar la cuestión sobre la medición de desigualdad y brecha entre la población pobre confrontada a la población de mayores ingresos, diferentes estudios orientan a que siendo una pregunta compleja, existe toda una teoría específica alrededor del tema, una de las formas de la medición es el cálculo de la pobreza monetaria y la forma como la población de una economía se distribuye alrededor de una línea de pobreza o de un salario mínimo.

El siguiente artículo presenta unas consideraciones teóricas de la teoría clásica de elección racional, que fundamentan dos sistemas de ecuaciones de demanda tradicionales y que se usarán como  herramienta para modelar el comportamiento de los hogares  colombianos, utilizando información de la encuesta de calidad de vida 2008, para luego relacionar el nivel de vida y condiciones socio-económicas con el gasto en grupos de bienes homogéneos agrupados y el ingreso de la población.

En particular para el caso colombiano se encontró que el 40% de los hogares son pobres mientras que otro 40% de los hogares apenas tiene un ingreso per-cápita superior a la línea de pobreza pero inferior a un salario mínimo mensual; de esta manera surgen los cuestionamientos sobre el nivel de vida de la población colombiana, el acceso a bienes básicos, el consumo de subsistencia, la brecha socio-económica y la exclusión social.

ABSTRACT

 One of the main questions of economics is how to address the issue on the measurement of inequality and gap between the poor confronted with the higher income population, different studies oriented to being a complex question and there is a specific theory around this issue. One way of measurement is the calculation of monetary poverty and how the population of an economy is distributed around a poverty line or minimum wage.

 The following article presents theoretical considerations of the classical theory of rational choice, underlying two traditional systems of demand equations, to be used as a tool to model the behavior of Colombian households, using information from the survey of quality of life 2008, then to relate the standard of living and socio-economic conditions with the expense or income of the population.

 In particular for the Colombian case it shows that 40% of households are poor while another 40% of households only have per-capita income above the poverty line but below the monthly minimum wage; thus the questions about the standard of living of the Colombian population, access to basic homogeneous goods, subsistence consumption, the socio-economic gap and social exclusion arise
Una aproximación teórica a la innovación. Fuentes y barreras en el sector lácteo
Authors: Rincón Díaz Carlos Augusto , Díaz Mateus Rubén Darío
Published: July 2017

Las distintas problemáticas del sector agropecuario en Colombia requieren de la configuración de conglomerados productivos menos vulnerables y con el acompañamiento de una formulación de políticas públicas que disminuyan la brecha entre la investigación y la adopción de tecnología. A pesar de que el gobierno está trabajando en mejorar la Política de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para el sector agropecuario, orientándola a atender la baja productividad, uno de los sectores que aún enfrenta de forma acentuada estas discrepancias es el sector lácteo. En dicho contexto, este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar un esquema teórico de la innovación como referente para la toma de decisiones de los diferentes agentes participantes en la cadena láctea. Para tal propósito, se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura sobre innovación y en ella se han identificado las principales fuentes y barreras para analizarlas en el contexto de la cadena láctea. En conclusión, en la cadena láctea existe una relación entre las fuentes y las barreras identificadas en la literatura de la innovación.
Evolutionary Dynamics of Male Reproductive Genes in theDrosophila virilisSubgroup
Authors: Ahmed-Braimah Yasir H , Unckless Robert L , Clark Andrew G
Published: July 2017

Postcopulatory sexual selection (PCSS) is a potent evolutionary force that can drive rapid changes of reproductive genes within species, and thus has the potential to generate reproductive incompatibilities between species. Male seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) are major players in postmating interactions, and are important targets of PCSS in males. The virilis subgroup of Drosophila exhibits strong interspecific gametic incompatibilities, and can serve as a model to study the genetic basis of PCSS and gametic isolation. However, reproductive genes in this group have not been characterized. Here we utilize short-read RNA sequencing of male reproductive organs to examine the evolutionary dynamics of reproductive genes in members of the virilis subgroup: D. americana, D. lummei, D. novamexicana, and D. virilis. We find that the majority of male reproductive transcripts are testes-biased, accounting for ∼15% of all annotated genes. Ejaculatory bulb (EB)-biased transcripts largely code for lipid metabolic enzymes, and contain orthologs of the D. melanogaster EB protein, Peb-me, which is involved in mating-plug formation. In addition, we identify 71 candidate SFPs, and show that this gene set has the highest rate of nonsynonymous codon substitution relative to testes- and EB-biased genes. Furthermore, we identify orthologs of 35 D. melanogaster SFPs that have conserved accessory gland expression in the virilis group. Finally, we show that several of the SFPs that have the highest rate of nonsynonymous codon substitution reside on chromosomal regions, which contributes to paternal gametic incompatibility between species. Our results show that SFPs rapidly diversify in the virilis group, and suggest that they likely play a role in PCSS and/or gametic isolation.
Whole-Genome Sequencing and Concordance Between Antimicrobial Susceptibility Genotypes and Phenotypes of Bacterial Isolates Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease
Authors: Owen Joseph R , Noyes Noelle , Young Amy E , Prince Daniel J , Blanchard Patricia C , Lehenbauer Terry W , Aly Sharif S , Davis Jessica H , O’Rourke Sean M , Abdo Zaid , Belk Keith , Miller Michael R , Morley Paul , Van Eenennaam Alison L
Published: July 2017

Extended laboratory culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing timelines hinder rapid species identification and susceptibility profiling of bacterial pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease, the most prevalent cause of cattle mortality in the United States. Whole-genome sequencing offers a culture-independent alternative to current bacterial identification methods, but requires a library of bacterial reference genomes for comparison. To contribute new bacterial genome assemblies and evaluate genetic diversity and variation in antimicrobial resistance genotypes, whole-genome sequencing was performed on bovine respiratory disease–associated bacterial isolates (Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Pasteurella multocida) from dairy and beef cattle. One hundred genomically distinct assemblies were added to the NCBI database, doubling the available genomic sequences for these four species. Computer-based methods identified 11 predicted antimicrobial resistance genes in three species, with none being detected in M. bovis. While computer-based analysis can identify antibiotic resistance genes within whole-genome sequences (genotype), it may not predict the actual antimicrobial resistance observed in a living organism (phenotype). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing on 64 H. somni, M. haemolytica, and P. multocida isolates had an overall concordance rate between genotype and phenotypic resistance to the associated class of antimicrobials of 72.7% (P < 0.001), showing substantial discordance. Concordance rates varied greatly among different antimicrobial, antibiotic resistance gene, and bacterial species combinations. This suggests that antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes are needed to complement genomically predicted antibiotic resistance gene genotypes to better understand how the presence of antibiotic resistance genes within a given bacterial species could potentially impact optimal bovine respiratory disease treatment and morbidity/mortality outcomes.
The Stress-Sensing TORC2 Complex Activates Yeast AGC-Family Protein Kinase Ypk1 at Multiple Novel Sites
Authors: Leskoske Kristin L , Roelants Françoise M , Martinez Marshall Maria Nieves , Hill Jennifer M , Thorner Jeremy
Published: July 2017

Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) target of rapamycin (TOR) complex 2 (TORC2) is a multi-subunit plasma membrane-associated protein kinase and vital growth regulator. Its essential functions are exerted via phosphorylation and stimulation of downstream protein kinase Ypk1 (and its paralog Ypk2). Ypk1 phosphorylates multiple substrates to regulate plasma membrane lipid and protein composition. Ypk1 function requires phosphorylation of Thr504 in its activation loop by eisosome-associated Pkh1 (and its paralog Pkh2). For cell survival under certain stresses, however, Ypk1 activity requires further stimulation by TORC2-mediated phosphorylation at C-terminal sites, dubbed the “turn” (Ser644) and “hydrophobic” (Thr662) motifs. Here we show that four additional C-terminal sites are phosphorylated in a TORC2-dependent manner, collectively defining a minimal consensus. We found that the newly identified sites are as important for Ypk1 activity, stability, and biological function as Ser644 and Thr662. Ala substitutions at the four new sites abrogated the ability of Ypk1 to rescue the phenotypes of Ypk1 deficiency, whereas Glu substitutions had no ill effect. Combining the Ala substitutions with an N-terminal mutation (D242A), which has been demonstrated to bypass the need for TORC2-mediated phosphorylation, restored the ability to complement a Ypk1-deficient cell. These findings provide new insights about the molecular basis for TORC2-dependent activation of Ypk1.
A Gene Implicated in Activation of Retinoic Acid Receptor Targets Is a Novel Renal Agenesis Gene in Humans
Authors: Brophy Patrick D , Rasmussen Maria , Parida Mrutyunjaya , Bonde Greg , Darbro Benjamin W , Hong Xiaojing , Clarke Jason C , Peterson Kevin A , Denegre James , Schneider Michael , Sussman Caroline R , Sunde Lone , Lildballe Dorte L , Hertz Jens Michael , Cornell Robert A , Murray Stephen A , Manak J Robert
Published: July 2017

Renal agenesis is a devastating birth defect, and although genes encoding retinoic acid signaling components have been shown to be important for renal...

Renal agenesis (RA) is one of the more extreme examples of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Bilateral renal agenesis is almost invariably fatal at birth, and unilateral renal agenesis can lead to future health issues including end-stage renal disease. Genetic investigations have identified several gene variants that cause RA, including EYA1, LHX1, and WT1. However, whereas compound null mutations of genes encoding α and γ retinoic acid receptors (RARs) cause RA in mice, to date there have been no reports of variants in RAR genes causing RA in humans. In this study, we carried out whole exome sequence analysis of two families showing inheritance of an RA phenotype, and in both identified a single candidate gene, GREB1L. Analysis of a zebrafish greb1l loss-of-function mutant revealed defects in the pronephric kidney just prior to death, and F0 CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis of Greb1l in the mouse revealed kidney agenesis phenotypes, implicating Greb1l in this disorder. GREB1L resides in a chromatin complex with RAR members, and our data implicate GREB1L as a coactivator for RARs. This study is the first to associate a component of the RAR pathway with renal agenesis in humans.
Promoting Early Child Development With Interventions in Health and Nutrition: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vaivada Tyler , Gaffey Michelle F. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
Published: July 2017

CONTEXT:

Although effective health and nutrition interventions for reducing child mortality and morbidity exist, direct evidence of effects on cognitive, motor, and psychosocial development is lacking.

OBJECTIVE:

To review existing evidence for health and nutrition interventions affecting direct measures of (and pathways to) early child development.

DATA SOURCES:

Reviews and recent overviews of interventions across the continuum of care and component studies.

STUDY SELECTION:

We selected systematic reviews detailing the effectiveness of health or nutrition interventions that have plausible links to child development and/or contain direct measures of cognitive, motor, and psychosocial development.

DATA EXTRACTION:

A team of reviewers independently extracted data and assessed their quality.

RESULTS:

Sixty systematic reviews contained the outcomes of interest. Various interventions reduced morbidity and improved child growth, but few had direct measures of child development. Of particular benefit were food and micronutrient supplementation for mothers to reduce the risk of small for gestational age and iodine deficiency, strategies to reduce iron deficiency anemia in infancy, and early neonatal care (appropriate resuscitation, delayed cord clamping, and Kangaroo Mother Care). Neuroprotective interventions for imminent preterm birth showed the largest effect sizes (antenatal corticosteroids for developmental delay: risk ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.24 to 1.00; magnesium sulfate for gross motor dysfunction: risk ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.44 to 0.85).

LIMITATIONS:

Given the focus on high-quality studies captured in leading systematic reviews, only effects reported within studies included in systematic reviews were captured.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings should guide the prioritization and scale-up of interventions within critical periods of early infancy and childhood, and encourage research into their implementation at scale.
Papéis ocupacionais e qualidade de vida em indivíduos com dor crônica
Authors: Marini Adriana Maira , Martins Marielza Regina Ismael , Forni Jose Eduardo Nogueira , Filho Gerardo Maria Araujo
Published: July 2017

Introdução : Os modelos atuais de tratamento de dor crônica reconhecem que fatores psicossociais influenciam a intensidade da dor e repercutem na vida diária.Objetivo: Este estudo buscou identificar os papéis ocupacionais e a qualidade de vida de indivíduos com dor crônica.Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório,de corte transversal com amostra de conveniência (n=45) composta de  indivíduos com dor crônica , avaliados por um questionário sociodemográfico e clinico; a Lista de Papéis Ocupacionais( LIPO) e a escala visual analógica(EVA). Para avaliar a qualidade de vida foi usado o  questionário genérico  Whoqol-bref. Resultados:Dentre os 45 participantes a média de idade foi de 50,6 ±7,6 anos , a maioria casada e do sexo feminino, com média de escolaridade de 7,1 ±1,7 anos . A média do  tempo de dor  era de 24,5 ±0,9 meses e na EVA a dor foi moderada(6,5 ±2,4). Houve diminuição dos papéis ocupacionais no tempo presente ,com intenção de retomá-los no futuro, exceto no serviço doméstico.Conclusão:Indivíduos com dor crônica perdem papéis ocupacionais que comprometem a qualidade de vida. Estes dados sugerem outros estudos para que haja a possibilidade de comparação.
Postura corporal em escolares: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Freire Macedo , Tomasini Fabiana Bezerra , Munaretto Carina Menegat , Sousa Andreia Henrique , Ribeiro Jéssica Daiane Oliveira , Fulber Amanda Souza , Oliveira Daniela Rodrigues , Mineiro Lindomar
Published: July 2017

Introdução: A postura corporal é definida como a posição ou atitude do corpo. Estudos epidemiológicos apontam uma elevada prevalência de alterações posturais na infância e na adolescência. Objetivo: Realizar um levantamento bibliográfico acerca das alterações posturais em escolares, os métodos de avaliação utilizados e os fatores associados às alterações. Metodologia: Como fonte de pesquisa, foram utilizadas as bases de dados eletrônicas BVS, Lilacs e Scielo, por meio dos seguintes descritores: avaliação postural; postura corporal; escolares. Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre os anos de 2005 e 2015, nos idiomas inglês, português ou espanhol. Resultados e discussão: Dentre os estudos incluídos, houve predomínio da observação visual como método de avaliação da postura corporal. As alterações posturais mais prevalentes foram hiperlordose lombar, desalinhamento dos ombros no plano frontal e hipercifose torácica. Sexo feminino, baixo peso e altura corporais e aumento da carga da mochila foram alguns fatores associados às alterações posturais. Conclusão: Os achados ratificam a necessidade de intervenções por parte de profissionais de saúde e educação, com intuito de identificar precocemente alterações posturais e corrigir hábitos posturais inadequados uma vez que os desalinhamentos podem se agravar com o tempo.