bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Resource-Based View, Resourcefulness, and Resource Management in Startup Firms: A Proposed Research Agenda
Authors: Zahra Shaker A.
Published: June 2021

The resource-based view (RBV) provides a rich framework for analyzing the role of a firm’s tangible and intangible resources in creating and sustaining competitive advantage. As a result, it has been widely used to explain entrepreneurial firms’ strategic choices that generate such an advantage. While researchers have established the usefulness of the RBV, they have overlooked the fundamental question of how entrepreneurial firms manage their resources to gain competitive advantage. This paper examines this issue in the context of independently owned startups, which typically lack resources, are constrained in their access to key resource providers, and have limited experience in assembling and managing resources. Adopting a broader conceptualization of startups’ resource management process, the paper identifies several questionable assumptions in related RBV-based research. Further, recognizing the limits of RBV to determine ex ante the nature and magnitude of entrepreneurs’ resourcefulness when managing their resources, the paper suggests linkages between the RBV and several entrepreneurship frameworks and outlines promising research questions.
Job Characteristics, Emotional Exhaustion, and Work–Family Conflict in Nurses
Authors: Rhéaume Ann
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify whether emotional exhaustion, a component of burnout, mediates the relationship between job demands, job resources, and work–family conflict (WFC). A cross-sectional design was used with survey data. A total of 1,202 nurses in eastern Canada participated in this study. Data were collected via an online survey and analyzed using mediation analysis. The results indicated that job demands and emotional exhaustion predicted WFC. Moreover, emotional exhaustion partially mediated the relationship between job demands, supervisor support, and WFC. This model also showed that younger nurses had increased WFC. Our study indicates that there are several direct and indirect pathways leading to WFC. Moreover, workplace resources can reduce emotional exhaustion, which, in turn, may help maintain work–family balance in nurses. These findings contribute to the existing knowledge on the precursors and consequences of burnout symptoms.
Book review: Jyoti Mohan, Claiming India: French Scholars and the Preoccupation with India in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Agmon Danna
Published: June 2021

Jyoti Mohan, Claiming India: French Scholars and the Preoccupation with India in the Nineteenth Century, SAGE Publications, New Delhi, 2017, 432 pp., $59.99. ISBN: 9789352804658.
Examining the factor structure and its replicability across multiple listening test forms: Validity evidence for the Michigan English Test
Authors: Liu Tingting , Aryadoust Vahid , Foo Stacy
Published: June 2021

This study evaluated the validity of the Michigan English Test (MET) Listening Section by investigating its underlying factor structure and the replicability of its factor structure across multiple test forms. Data from 3255 test takers across four forms of the MET Listening Section were used. To investigate the factor structure, each form was fitted with four Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models: (1) a three correlated-factor model, (2) a bi-factor model, (3) a higher-order factor model, and (4) a single general-factor model. In addition, a four-pronged heuristic comprising construct delineation, construct operationalization, factor structure analysis, and congruence coefficient was developed to examine the replicability of factor structures across the test forms. Results from the CFA models showed that the test forms were unidimensional and the four-pronged heuristic indicated that the test construct was consistently operationalized across forms. Furthermore, the congruence coefficient indicated that the factor structure representing listening was highly similar and replicable across test forms. In sum, the construct of the MET Listening Section did not comprise divisible subskills. Yet, the unidimensional factor structure of the test was replicable across the test forms.
Selective exposure in different political information environments – How media fragmentation and polarization shape congruent news use
Authors: Steppat Desiree , Castro Herrero Laia , Esser Frank
Published: June 2021

Previous research posits that individual predispositions play an essential role in explaining patterns of selective exposure to political information. Yet the contextual factors in the political information environment have received far less attention. Using a cross-national and quasi-experimental design, this article is one of the first to investigate how political information environments shape selective exposure. We rely on a unique two-wave online survey quasi-experiment in five countries (Switzerland, Denmark, Italy, Poland and the United States) with 4349 participants to test the propositions that (a) the level of polarization and fragmentation in information environments and (b) the type of media source used affect selective exposure. Our results reveal that selective exposure is slightly more frequent among regular social media users but is less common among users of TV, radio and newspapers; crucially, it is more common in information environments that are highly fragmented and polarized. Nevertheless, news users from less fragmented-polarized media landscapes show one surprising yet intriguing behaviour: in a quasi-experimentally manipulated setting with more opportunities to self-select than they may be accustomed to, their coping strategy is to pick larger amounts of congruent news stories. All our findings imply that contextual factors play a crucial role in moderating individuals’ tendency to select information that aligns with their political views.
Object clitic use and intuition in the Spanish of heritage speakers from Brazil
Authors: López Otero Julio César , Cuza Alejandro , Jiao Jian
Published: June 2021

The present study examines the production and intuition of Spanish clitics in clitic left dislocation (CLLD) structures among 26 Spanish heritage speakers (HSs) born and raised in Brazil. We tested clitic production and intuition in contexts in which Spanish clitics vary as a function of the semantic features of the object that they refer to. Results showed overextension of object clitics into contexts in which null objects were expected. Furthermore, we found higher levels of overextension among the HSs with lower patterns of heritage language use. Results are discussed along the lines of the model of heritage language acquisition and maintenance.
Reviewing the potential of the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) for capturing second language exposure and use
Authors: Arndt Henriette L , Granfeldt Jonas , Gullberg Marianne
Published: June 2021

Frequent language exposure and use are among the most important conditions for successful language learning, whether in classrooms, during study abroad, or in other informal contexts. Research probing exposure and usage often relies on one-off self-report questionnaires in which participants estimate their typical level of language exposure over extended periods of time, often long after it occurred. This may negatively affect the validity of the resulting data. This article instead explores the potential of methods used in medical and psychological research, variably known as the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), or diary methods. These methods are often combined with electronic and mobile survey applications to elicit self-report assessments at frequent, sometimes randomized intervals. We consider the possibilities of these methods for strengthening research into language exposure and use, second language acquisition more broadly, and study abroad research specifically. The methods have the potential to drastically reduce biases associated with summative recall. Additionally, they enable researchers to collect richer data about how individuals engage with language differently over time, and the contexts in which they do so, thus ultimately contributing to our understanding of individual differences in language acquisition.
Initial experience with del Nido cardioplegia solution at a Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Program in Brazil
Authors: Caneo Luiz Fernando , Matte Gregory S , R Turquetto Aida Luiza , Pegollo Luana Marques de Carvalho , Amato Miglioli Maria Clara , T de Souza Gisele , Amato Luciana Patrick , Miana Leonardo A , B Massoti Maria Raquel , Penha Juliano G , Tanamati Carla , Jatene Marcelo B , Jatene Fabio B
Published: June 2021

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate outcome measures between our standard multidose cardioplegia protocol and a del Nido cardioplegia protocol in congenital heart surgery patients.

Methods:

Retrospective single-center study including 250 consecutive patients that received del Nido cardioplegia (DN group) with a mandatory reperfusion period of 30% of cross clamp time and 250 patients that received a modified St. Thomas’ solution (ST group). Groups were matched by age, weight, gender, and Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-1) scores. Preoperative hematocrit and oxygen saturation were also recorded. Outcomes analyzed were the vasoactive inotropic score (VIS), lactate, ventilation time, ventricular dysfunction with low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS), intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, bypass and aortic cross-clamp times, and in-hospital mortality.

Results:

Both groups were comparable demographically. Statistically significant differences (p ⩽ 0.05) were noted for cardiac dysfunction with LCOS, hematocrit at end of surgery (p = 0.0038), VIS on ICU admission and at end of surgery (p = 0.0111), and ICU LOS (p = 0.00118) with patients in the DN group having more desirable values for those parameters. Other outcome measures did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion:

In our congenital cardiac surgery population, del Nido cardioplegia strategy was associated with less ventricular dysfunction with LCOS, a lower VIS and decreased ICU LOS compared with patients that received our standard myocardial protection using a modified St. Thomas’ solution. Despite the limitation of this study, including its retrospective nature and cohort size, these data supported our transition to incorporate del Nido cardioplegia solution with a mandatory reperfusion period as the preferred myocardial protection method in our program.
A sociology of anxiety: Western modern legacy and the Covid-19 outbreak
Authors: Rebughini Paola
Published: June 2021

The aim of this article is to investigate the role of anxiety as an emotional state frequently identified as the most characteristic of the history of modern Europe, and of the ‘Global North’. Starting from an assessment of the main supporters of this interpretation in social theory – such as the risk society approach of Ulrich Beck, and the role of expert knowledge in Anthony Giddens – the article discusses the current relevance and limitations of this well-established notion. The second part applies this discussion to the role of anxiety in the recent Covid-19 outbreak, and more specifically with regard to its relations with trust in scientific knowledge. Even though Covid-19 has been a global pandemic, this emergency can reveal some cultural and historical characteristics of European anxiety in the geo-cultural map of emotions.
Inclusive innovation and the “ordinary” city: Incidental or integral?
Authors: Bramwell Allison
Published: June 2021

Economic opportunity in the 21st century privileges people and places with the “right mix” of human capital to develop and apply digital technologies, and disadvantages those without. Increasing socio-technical, socio-economic, and socio-spatial polarization underscores inclusion as a critically important dimension of innovation. Workforce development and entrepreneurial ecosystems each have implications for “inclusive innovation” in restructuring cities, but understanding their realistic prospects requires attention to local institutional capacity as well as the broader multilevel policy contexts in which they operate. This study compares inclusive innovation programs in Saint-Etienne, France and Greensboro North Carolina, two mid-sized restructuring cities operating in two different macro-institutional settings. Highly variable but not entirely idiosyncratic dynamics emerge in each case; inclusive innovation is integral in Saint Etienne and incidental in Greensboro but not a resounding success in either city. “Top-down” and “bottom-up” dynamics interact in different ways to shape outcomes, but power matters most for local policy choice. The decisive factor is explicit linkage to a commonly accepted urban development agenda that is supported politically by local government. Intermediary organizations lack influence, and the private sector is disengaged. These findings suggest the need to rethink assumptions about the actor configurations that determine urban development priorities.
Psalm 120 and the question of authorship of the songs of Ascents
Authors: Amzallag Nissim
Published: June 2021

As the first of the songs of Ascents, Psalm 120 might be seen as key to understanding the whole corpus, but its content remains poorly understood. This study suggests that its author was a smith-poet committed to the Edomite/Qenite traditional worship of YHWH, here complaining about participating, through the fabrication of iron weapons, in the demise of Edom (553 BCE). On this reading, the poem becomes a lament on the irremediable demise of traditional (metallurgical) Yahwism after the rise of iron metallurgy and its transformation of war. Introducing the Ascents, this song might express the search for an alternative form of Yahwism emancipated from the original metallurgical dimension. Expressed in Israel, this alternative Yahwism becomes praised in the other songs of Ascents. This interpretation corroborates the rise of a group of Edomite poets (Ezrahites) in Jerusalem in the early Persian period and its integration within the temple staff.
Development of a Non-Gating Guardrail Terminal
Authors: Schrum Kevin D. , Walls Kenneth , Schwertz Joseph , Feltman Blake , Sicking Dakotah , Sicking Dean L.
Published: June 2021

Guardrail terminals have evolved to the point where they absorb energy while utilizing tension in the rail to countermand the compression. However, non-gating terminals have yet to be developed. In the present study, the possibility of a non-gating guardrail terminal was investigated. Specifically, the combination of lateral and longitudinal forces that produce non-gating performance were determined from computer simulation. Next, a prototype terminal was crash tested at the research team’s laboratory. A terminal head was designed to deform the guardrail, and its internal structure was adjustable to control the longitudinal force. Posts were designed to control lateral forces by modifying their section modulus. This controlled the force at which the posts buckled in response to a collision. A prototype was subjected to two 15° crash tests using an SUV and a small car. In both tests, the kinetic energy of the test vehicle was fully absorbed and the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) criteria would have been met. Neither vehicle passed beyond the terminal head, making these test results the first of their kind.
The Relationship of Staged, Bilateral Arthroscopic Primary Rotator Cuff Repair Timing and Postoperative Complications
Authors: Cancienne Jourdan M. , Denard Patrick J. , Garrigues Grant E. , Werner Brian C.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Although previous studies have reported acceptable clinical outcomes after simultaneous, single-stage bilateral and staged bilateral rotator cuff repair (RCR), few studies have been adequately powered to compare postoperative complication rates at various time intervals between procedures.

Purpose:

To examine the relationship between the timing of bilateral arthroscopic RCR and complications.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Patients from the Medicare data set within the PearlDiver database who underwent bilateral RCR between 2005 and 2014 were identified. These patients were then stratified by time between surgeries into cohorts: (1) single stage, (2) <3 months, (3) 3 to 6 months, (4) 6 to 9 months, (5) 9 months to 1 year, and (6) 1 to 2 years. Surgical and medical complications of these cohorts were compared with those of a control cohort of patients who underwent bilateral RCR >2 years apart using a regression analysis.

Results:

A total of 11,079 patients who underwent bilateral RCR were identified. Patients who underwent single-stage bilateral arthroscopic RCR experienced higher rates of revision RCR (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; P < .0001), reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) (OR, 2.47; P < .0001), and postoperative infection (OR, 2.18; P = .007) in addition to higher rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) (OR, 1.78; P = .031) and emergency department visits (OR, 1.51; P = .002) compared with the control group. Patients who underwent bilateral RCR with a <3-month interval had higher rates of revision surgery (OR, 1.56; P = .003), RTSA (OR, 1.89; P = .002), and lysis of adhesions (OR, 2.31; P < .0001) in addition to increased rates of VTE (OR, 1.92; P = .015) and emergency department visits (OR, 1.62; P < .0001) compared with the control group. There were no differences in any surgical or medical complications when surgeries were staged by ≥3 months compared with controls.

Conclusion:

Patients with Medicare undergoing single-stage and staged bilateral RCR who had the second repair within 3 months had significantly higher rates of multiple medical and surgical complications compared with patients waiting >2 years between procedures.
Science Writing Intervention Research for Students With and At Risk for Learning Disabilities, and English Learners: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Yewon , De La Paz Susan
Published: June 2021

Writing in science can be challenging for all learners, and it is especially so for students with cognitive or language-based learning difficulties. Yet, we know very little about how to support students with learning disabilities (LD) or who are English learners (EL) when asked to write for authentic purposes during science instruction. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of 14 high-quality studies to identify effective writing instruction elements for students with LD, those who are EL, and for at-risk learners more generally. We analyzed the studies according to purpose, participants, dependent variables, and interventions. Then, we categorized instructional elements into two broad types of support: (a) cognitive skills and processes and (b) linguistic skills and processes. Quantitative analyses showed students (regardless of disability or language status) who received structured cognitive instruction on text features demonstrated substantial growth in writing. Conversely, although language in science differs from everyday language, it is absent from this literature. Thus, our findings provide insights into necessary cognitive and linguistic supports for these students, and implications for designing effective writing instruction.
Teachers’ commitment, self-efficacy and job satisfaction as communicated by trained teachers
Authors: Mokhtar Aida , Maouloud Vatimetou Mokhtar , Omowunmi Asafa Kafayat , Nordin Mohamad Sahari bin
Published: June 2021

The aim of the paper is to establish the mediating role of teachers’ self-efficacy in the relationship between teachers’ job satisfaction and teachers’ commitment of primary school teachers in Malaysia. Although several scholars have established the relationship between teachers’ commitment and job satisfaction, this is the first study that tests the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship of job satisfaction and teachers’ commitment in primary schools in Malaysia using motivation-hygiene theory. The research study used a validated questionnaire on a sample of 984 teachers and the research questions in the study were addressed by using structural equation modelling. The findings were that self-efficacy significantly mediated the relationship between primary school teachers’ commitment and job satisfaction, both teachers’ commitment and self-efficacy had significant and direct impacts on the job satisfaction of primary school teachers and the presence of self-efficacy enhanced teachers’ commitment and improved the job satisfaction of primary school teachers in Malaysia. It is clear that teachers needed to be communicated on the importance of having greater self-efficacy for better commitment and job satisfaction. As the study used a cross-sectional research design that was quantitative-oriented, in future, interviews could be adopted for a more inductive examination of teachers’ job satisfaction, self-efficacy and commitment. The primary schools in Malaysia should consider the role of self-efficacy in improving job satisfaction among teachers in Malaysia by adopting strategies that would enhance teachers’ self-efficacy so as to spur them to perform better at their jobs.
The Paradox of the Black Professional: Whitewashing Blackness through Professionalism
Authors: Ferguson Marcus W. , Dougherty Debbie S.
Published: June 2021

Discrimination against Black workers in the United States workplace is an ongoing problem. This study explores one understudied type of discrimination—the paradoxes and contradictions that create untenable situations for Black professionals who work in largely white-dominant organizations. Through in-depth interviews with self-identified Black professionals, we developed a novel theoretical concept we term the paradox of the Black professional. The participants uniformly identified white assumptions underlying the meaning of professionalism and were forced to navigate the impossible expectations of needing to be white while inhabiting a Black body. The findings suggest that organizations expressing a commitment to diversity, inclusion, and equity need to rethink the meaning systems and expectations that drive the professional and organizational discourses around which work is organized.
Civil Society and the Pluralization of African Philanthropy: A Case of Back to the Future?
Authors: Fowler Alan
Published: June 2021

This article explores the prospect that alteration in the profile of resources relied on by African civil society will affect citizen’s relationships with their states. Description and analysis advance an ontological narrative of Africa’s pre- to postcolonial gift-giving, or “gifting” rapidly diverging in this century. Gifting processes exhibit both non-agonistic “horizontal” and agonistic “vertical” dimensions, connecting Ekeh’s “two moral publics” that characterize the continent’s neo-patrimonial political systems. The unfolding context exhibits pluralization, localization, and privatization of financing that a historically determined, multilayered African civil society can access and self-provide. The notion of “civic space” guides analysis of intersections between gifting and African civil society, in relation to governance, resourcing, and equity. A conclusion is that gains in scale and diversity of domestication in gifting to and by civil society are unlikely to bring significant change to Africa’s politics: more likely is a governance future resembling the past.
Geometrical Similarity Error Function-Innovative Adaptive Algorithm methodology in path generation synthesis of the four-bar mechanism using metaheuristic algorithms
Authors: Sardashti A , Daniali HM , Varedi-Koulaei SM
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a novel methodology for path generation synthesis of the four-bar mechanism. A new objective function for the path generation synthesis problem, namely, the Geometrical Similarity Error Function (GSEF), is introduced. Indeed, GSEF assesses the similarity between generated and desired paths, and its number of design variables is less than those in the other synthesis methods. Then, using an Innovative Adaptive Algorithm (IAA), some operators are utilized for matching two similar paths. GSEF-IAA methodology has some significant advantages over the reported synthesis methods. The method is fast, takes much less CPU time, and saves a large amount of computer memory. Four path generation problems are solved using GSEF-IAA, and the results are compared with those of previous methods using some well-known optimization algorithms to demonstrate the efficiency of GSEF-IAA methodology.
Research on the rotor/stator interaction noise through vane unsteady pressure test based on polyvinylidene fluoride sensor array
Authors: Cong Jiqing , Jing Jianping , Dai Zezeng , Cheng Jianhua
Published: June 2021

The rotor/stator interaction noise is the primary noise source of modern turbofan engines. Vane unsteady pressure test is essential to understand the generation mechanism and propagation characteristics of the noise, as well as examine the passive/active noise control technologies. However, limited by the Vane’s thickness as well as the requirement for high spatial and temporal resolutions of the sensor, traditional transducers still have considerable limitations and difficulties carrying out the measurement. In this paper, a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric-film sensor array was developed for the vane unsteady pressure test. The dynamic characteristics of the sensor were obtained by the shock tube test. The calibration results further confirm the effectiveness of the self-developed PVDF sensor and also show the advantage in frequency response over traditional pressure transducer. Time histories of the vane fluctuating pressures were obtained by the PVDF sensor. The blade passing frequency (BPF) harmonic component and the broadband component of the unsteady pressure were analyzed individually by time-domain averaging and spectral analysis. The distributions of BPF content and broadband content on both sides of the vane at different fan tip speeds and operating conditions were investigated in detail. The results indicate that the operating conditions have little effect on both of them. The broadband component yielded by the rotor-wake turbulence seems to be quasi-isotropic. The average broadband level increases linearly with the fan tip speed. The developed PVDF sensor shows potential in noise evaluation and noise source diagnosis, which can properly guide further noise reduction technology development.
A novel method for determination of surface treatment effect on mechanical properties of titanium bulk material
Authors: Bazzaz Ehsan , Darvizeh Abolfazi , Alitavoli Majid , Yarmohammad Tooski Mehdi
Published: June 2021

Improving the mechanical properties of the material surface has been the main aim of the researchers for a long time. Utilizing of mechanical treatment procedures, such as direct impact, has been widely used for the bulk materials, but determination of the change in the mechanical properties of impacted material has not been exactly investigated. The main novelty of this paper is the determination of the effect of mechanical treatments on the mechanical properties of bulk materials. For this purpose, the new developed combined algorithm of modified dimensional analysis and minimum resultant error methods were emerged with FEA and experimental data. The finite element analysis (FEA) included the analysis of the impact with nanoindentation in a continued procedure to allow the investigation of the impact on the results of the nanoindentation. Previously, this trend had not been applied to analyze such phenomenon. The challenges of preparing a perfect analysis model to suit the nanoscale process (nanoindentation) and macro process (ball impact) were another investigation field of this research work. The result of this research was a complete calculation of the parameters of Johnson–Cook constants for titanium (Ti) bulk material including the most important strain rate coefficient (C). Comparison of Ti mechanical characteristics shows high improvement in yield stress (24%) against lower change in the elastic modulus (1.2%).
Multi-objective optimization of squirrel cage fan for range hood based on Kriging model
Authors: Xiao Qianhao , Wang Jun , Jiang Boyan , Yang Weigang , Yang Xiaopei
Published: June 2021

In view of the multi-objective optimization design of the squirrel cage fan for the range hood, a blade parameterization method based on the quadratic non-uniform B-spline (NUBS) determined by four control points was proposed to control the outlet angle, chord length and maximum camber of the blade. Morris-Mitchell criteria were used to obtain the optimal Latin hypercube sample based on the evolutionary operation, and different subsets of sample numbers were created to study the influence of sample numbers on the multi-objective optimization results. The Kriging model, which can accurately reflect the response relationship between design variables and optimization objectives, was established. The second-generation Non-dominated Sorting Genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was used to optimize the volume flow rate at the best efficiency point (BEP) and the maximum volume flow rate point (MVP). The results show that the design parameters corresponding to the optimization results under different sample numbers are not the same, and the fluctuation range of the optimal design parameters is related to the influence of the design parameters on the optimization objectives. Compared with the prototype, the optimized impeller increases the radial velocity of the impeller outlet, reduces the flow loss in the volute, and increases the diffusion capacity, which improves the volume flow rate, and efficiency of the range hood system under multiple working conditions.
Acupuncture for chronic pain in adults with sickle cell disease: a mixed-methods pilot study
Authors: Li Hongjin , Patil Crystal L , Molokie Robert E , Njoku Franklin , Steffen Alana D , Doorenbos Ardith Z , Schlaeger Judith M
Published: June 2021

Objective:

Chronic pain is a common symptom experienced among patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Our aims were to assess the feasibility and acceptability of performing acupuncture for the treatment of chronic pain in adults with SCD.

Methods:

This was a single-arm, prospective pilot study of six adults with SCD. Participants reported ⩾ 3 months of chronic pain and were > 18 years of age. Per protocol, acupuncture was to be administered twice per week for 5 weeks, for 30 min per session. All treatments were performed in the acupuncture treatment laboratory at the University of Illinois Chicago College of Nursing. Pain intensity, pain interference, and other symptoms were measured at baseline and after the intervention. Participants completed a semi-structured interview and a protocol acceptability questionnaire after the acupuncture intervention.

Results:

Six participants (mean age 52.5 years, six Black) were enrolled. Although the study was suspended due to COVID-19 and not all participants completed the 10-session protocol, completion rates were high with no missed appointments. One participant did not complete the study due to hospitalization unrelated to acupuncture. No adverse events were reported. At completion of the intervention at 4–5 weeks post-baseline, all participants had reduced pain intensity and pain interference. The mean acceptability score on the protocol acceptability questionnaire was 82%.

Conclusion:

It was feasible and acceptable to implement acupuncture in adults with SCD. This study can be used to guide a larger randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on reducing chronic pain in adults with SCD. Trial registration number: NCT04156399 (ClinicalTrials.gov)
Creating and Maintaining Structural Hindrances to Criminal Justice Control – A Policy Analysis on the Normalisation of Parental Violence as a Crime in Finland
Authors: Kotanen Riikka
Published: June 2021

In the context of home, violence remains more accepted when committed against children than adults. Normalisation of parental violence has been documented in attitudinal surveys, professional practices, and legal regulation. For example, in many countries violent disciplining of children is the only legal form of interpersonal violence. This study explores the societal invisibility and normalisation of parental violence as a crime by analysing legislation and control policies regulating the division of labour and involvement between social welfare and criminal justice authorities. An empirical case study from Finland, where all forms of parental violence were legally prohibited in 1983, is used to elucidate the divergence between (criminal) law and control policies. The analysis demonstrates how normalisation operates at the policy-level where, within the same system of control that criminalised these acts, structural hindrances are built to prevent criminal justice interventions.
Values and self-perception of behaviour among critical care nurses
Authors: Ashida Kaoru , Kawakami Aki , Kawashima Tetsuharu , Tanaka Makoto
Published: June 2021

Background:

Moral distress has various adverse effects on nurses working in critical care. Differences in personal values, and between values and self-perception of behaviour are factors that may cause moral distress.

Research aims:

The aims of this study were (1) to identify ethical values and self-perception of behaviour of critical care nurses in Japan and (2) to determine the items with a large difference between value and behaviour and the items with a large difference in value from others.

Research design:

A nationwide, cross-sectional study was conducted.

Participants and research context:

We developed a self-administered questionnaire with 28 items, which was completed by 1014 critical care nurses in Japan. The difference between value and self-perception of behaviour was calculated from the score of each value item minus the score of each self-perception of behaviour item. The size of the difference in value from the others was judged by the standard deviation of each item.

Ethical considerations:

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Tokyo Medical and Dental University (approval nos. M2018-214, M2019-045).

Results:

The items with a large difference between value and behaviour sources were related to the working environment and decision-making support. The items with a large difference in value from others were related to hospital management and disclosure of information to patients.

Discussion:

Improving the working environment for nurses is important for reducing moral distress. Nurses are faced with a variety of choices, including advocating for patients and protecting the fair distribution of medical resources, and each nurse’s priorities might diverge from those of other team members, which can lead to conflict within the team.

Conclusion:

This study revealed items with particularly high risks of moral distress for nurses. The results provide foundational information that can guide the development of strategies to mitigate moral distress.
Stock Market Development and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Jeevan Kumar , Gautam Ramji , Chettri Keshab Khatri
Published: June 2021

This study examines the relationship between stock market development and economic growth in Nepal by employing autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model with bound testing procedures. The study period covers annual time series data from 1994 to 2019. Indicators of the stock market development used are size, depth and efficiency represented by market capitalization as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), total value of shares traded as a percentage of GDP and total shares traded as a percentage of market capitalization, respectively. Following high correlations among these indicators, an aggregated index is constructed and used in the study. Real GDP per capita growth is taken as an economic growth indicator. The results suggest that there exists a long-run uni-directional causality relationship running from stock market development index to economic growth. Stock market size and liquidity are significant contributors, showing that stock market is able to mobilize capital and diversify risks with increased easiness in trading of stocks. The control variable market inflation shows no significant impact on either of the examined primary variables.
Are we there yet? (Illusions of) Inclusion in sport for LGBT+ communities in Australia
Authors: Storr Ryan , Jeanes Ruth , Rossi Tony , lisahunter
Published: June 2021

This paper reports findings from five recent studies related to gender and sexuality in Australian sport. It offers a challenge to widespread claims that exclusionary practices such as homo/bi/transphobia have been reduced or eliminated within sport settings. We suggest there remains much to be done towards ‘inclusion’, and that the concept itself is perhaps an illusion. Drawing on ‘diversity work’ theory we suggest inclusion is yet to be fully realised in sport-based research circles, and we argue that claims about the advanced progress in inclusion for LGBT+ people are problematic. Structures of language, institutional organisation and misaligned practices act as blocks to inclusion and fuel discrimination. We conclude by offering suggestions about where these can be addressed in sport and in research.
Parasitic encephalitis caused by Stephanurus dentatus in a pig in Brazil
Authors: Prado Robert G. S. , Gardiner Chris H. , Moura Márcio A. O. , Gonzalez Gerson B. E. , Duarte Marcos D. , Santos Tiago F. S. , Bezerra Pedro S. , Cerqueira Valíria D. , Amaral Alessandra S. , Riet-Correa Gabriela
Published: June 2021

A pig was in left lateral recumbency with limb spasticity, accentuated prostration, and strabismus, and was euthanized. During autopsy, yellowing of the leptomeninges at the ventral pons to medulla oblongata was noted. In the cerebellar peduncles, there was a focally extensive black-to-yellow area at the level of the vestibular nuclei. Histologic examination revealed a cross-section of a nematode larva, consistent with Stephanurus dentatus, bordered by edema and marked infiltration of mononuclear cells, plasma cells, and a few eosinophils. Vacuolation of the neuropil, with rare gitter cells and axonal spheroids, was also observed. We diagnosed parasitic encephalitis caused by S. dentatus migration based on the pathology findings and characterization of the parasite.
Bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotype 1a in a mummified fetus from a Brazilian dairy cattle herd
Authors: Fritzen Juliana T. T. , Morettin Arthur B. , Lorenzetti Elis , Alfieri Alice F. , Alfieri Amauri A.
Published: June 2021

We describe the molecular analysis of a wild-type field strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) identified in a mummified fetus from a small Brazilian dairy cattle herd. Nucleic acids extracted from samples of the lung, liver, heart, spleen, and kidney were tested by PCR assays for bovine alphaherpesvirus 1, Neospora caninum, Leptospira spp., Histophilus somni, and Brucella abortus, a nested PCR assay for Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum, and a RT-PCR assay for BVDV. Amplicons were only obtained in the RT-PCR assay for the partial amplification of the BVDV 5′UTR (288 bp) in kidney and spleen samples and the Npro (438 bp) gene in the kidney sample. Nucleotide sequencing of the amplified products and phylogenetic analyses based on the 2 BVDV genomic regions enabled the BVDV strain to be classified as subgenotype 1a.
Distribution and persistence of atypical porcine pestivirus in experimentally inoculated pigs
Authors: Buckley Alexandra C. , Falkenberg Shollie M. , Palmer Mitchell V. , Arruda Paulo H. , Magstadt Drew R. , Schwartz Kent J. , Gatto Igor R. , Neill John D. , Arruda Bailey L.
Published: June 2021

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a cause of congenital tremors (CTs) in piglets and has been found in swine populations around the globe. Although systemic distribution of the virus has been reported, there is limited information regarding viral localization at the cellular level and distribution at the tissue level. We collected multiple tissues from 2-d-old piglets ( n = 36) born to sows inoculated at 45 or 62 d of gestation with APPV via 3 simultaneous routes: intravenous, intranasal, and directly in amniotic vesicles. In addition, 2 boars from APPV-inoculated sows with CT were raised and euthanized when 11 mo old. In situ hybridization performed on tissue samples from piglets demonstrated a broad and systemic distribution of viral RNA including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle. Labeling in tissues was more pronounced in piglet tissues compared to boars, with the notable exception of diffuse labeling of the cerebellum in boars. Presence of APPV in boar tissues well after resolution of clinical signs suggests persistence of APPV similar to other pestiviruses.
Team Learning Behaviors and Performance: A Meta-Analysis of Direct Effects and Moderators
Authors: Wiese Christopher W. , Burke C. Shawn , Tang Yichen , Hernandez Claudia , Howell Ryan
Published: June 2021

Under what conditions do team learning behaviors best predict team performance? The current meta-analytic efforts synthesize results from 113 effect sizes and 7758 teams to investigate how different conceptualizations (fundamental, intrateam, and interteam), team characteristics (team size and team familiarity), task characteristics (interdependence, complexity, and type), and methodological characteristics (students vs. nonstudents and measurement choice) affect the relationship between team learning behaviors and team performance. Our results suggest that while different conceptualizations of team learning behaviors independently predict performance, only intrateam learning behaviors uniquely predict performance. A more in-depth investigation into the moderating conditions contradicts the familiar adage of “it depends.” The strength of the relationship between intrateam learning behaviors and team performance did not depend on team familiarity, task complexity, or sample type. However, our results suggested this relationship was stronger in larger teams, teams with moderate task interdependence, teams performing project/action tasks, and studies that use measures that capture a wider breadth of the team learning behavior construct space. These efforts suggest that common boundary conditions do not moderate this relationship. Scholars can leverage these results to develop more comprehensive theories addressing the different conceptualizations of team learning behaviors as well as providing clarity on the scenarios where team learning behaviors are most needed. Further, practitioners can use our results to develop more guided team-based policies that can overcome some of the challenges of forming and developing learning teams.
Beyond the Guidelines: Treatment of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Tompkins Madeline G. , Pettit Rebecca
Published: June 2021

Objective:

To review the available literature addressing alternative allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) treatment options for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).

Data Sources:

A literature search of PubMed was performed (January 2002 to April 2021) using the following search terms: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, aspergillus-related lung disease, cystic fibrosis. Manufacturer prescribing information, clinical practice guidelines, and data from ClinicalTrials.gov were incorporated in the reviewed data.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Relevant English-language studies or those conducted in humans were considered for inclusion.

Data Synthesis:

Available literature for alternative ABPA treatments in CF is lacking randomized controlled trials, but there is considerable support in case reports and case series describing the benefits in pediatric and adult patients. Recent literature has begun to explore the place in therapy for novel, corticosteroid-sparing treatment approaches. The alternative therapies summarized in this review all resulted in clinical improvement and subsequent discontinuation or dose reductions of oral corticosteroids, with minimal reported adverse drug effects.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Although corticosteroids are the cornerstone of ABPA management, the toxicities can be significant limitations in an already high-risk patient population. Patients may fail or become intolerant to guideline-recommended therapies and require alternative treatment approaches.

Conclusions:

Alternative treatment modalities for ABPA in patients with CF, including azole antifungals, pulsed intravenous glucocorticoids, omalizumab, mepolizumab, and inhaled amphotericin, appear to be efficacious and well tolerated. Pharmacological properties including route of administration, storage and stability, beyond use dating, and adverse effects of the various treatment modalities must be considered when selecting a practical care plan for patients.
Gevoel and Illumination: Bavinck, Augustine, and Bonaventure on Awareness of God
Authors: Sutanto N. Gray
Published: June 2021

This essay offers a reflection that seeks to clarify and complement Steven Duby’s God in Himself, especially on the natural awareness of God. First, in response to Duby’s assessment of Bavinck’s critique of certain forms of natural theology, I draw particularly from Cory Brock’s recent monograph on Bavinck’s critical appropriation of particular strands of post-Kantian romantic philosophy in order to articulate the affective dimensions of general revelation. This explains Bavinck’s preference for the term “general revelation” over “natural theology,” for the former emphasizes humanity’s pre-categorical dependence on God’s revealing work internal to the human psyche, manifesting as the feeling (gevoel) of dependence. Second, then, following Bavinck’s own connection of Schleiermacher to Augustine’s turn to the subject, I provide a retrieval of Augustine’s and Bonaventure’s accounts of illumination, which escalates the agent’s dependence on God’s revelation to a maximal degree.
High-speed elevator car horizontal vibration fluid–solid interaction modeling method
Authors: Qiu Lemiao , Su Guannan , Wang Zili , Zhang Shuyou , Zhang Lichun , Li Heng
Published: June 2021

High-speed elevator horizontal vibration seriously affects passenger comfort. To reach the smooth operation of the high-speed elevators, it is extremely important to study the horizontal vibration of the elevator car. There are two main factors that cause the horizontal vibration of the high-speed elevator car, namely, the guidance system excitations and the car aerodynamic characteristics running in the hoistway. Under the coupling action of these two factors, the horizontal vibration of the high-speed elevator car system is aggravated. To accurately obtain the horizontal vibration information of the high-speed elevator, we developed the high-speed elevator car horizontal vibration fluid–solid interaction model. It is decoupled by the proposed fluid–solid interaction decoupling solution. The influence of the high-speed elevator running speed, the guide rail profile deviation, and the rolling guide shoe dynamic parameters on the car horizontal vibration is analyzed. To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, the 5 m/s, 7 m/s, 8 m/s, and 10 m/s high-speed elevators are applied in a 288 m test tower. The simulation accuracy using the proposed method reaches the minimum of 0.93% in 5 m/s case of the peak-to-peak value, reaches the minimum of 3.11% in 10 m/s case of the A95 value, and reaches the minimum of 0.13% in 10 m/s case of the main frequency value. In general, the compared results of the peak-to peak vibration acceleration, the A95 value, and the main frequency are all closed in both 5 m/s, 7 m/s, 8 m/s, and 10 m/s cases.