bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
РОЛЬ ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ В РАЗВИТИИ РЕГИОНА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЧЕЧЕНСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ)
Authors: Мусаева Х.М. , Шахгираев И.У. , Мусостова М.А.
Published: July 2021

Инвестиционная активность считается главным индикатором по предотвращению депрессивной экономики на региональном уровне. В этой статье мы рассмотрим основные аспекты инвестиционных процессов на примере Чеченской Республики.
Также определим главные факторы инвестиционной привлекательности среди субъектов в условиях изменения экономических событий и проанализируем возможные пути ее повышения. Капиталовложения в условиях обустройства рыночной экономики на основе технологических инноваций и модернизации предприятий являются ключевым показателем не только для целей экономического роста отечественного производства, но и для благосостояния населения РФ.
Именно поэтому на сегодняшний день принимаются важные стратегические решения, которые направлены на привлечение и повышение развития инвестиций отечественного и зарубежного происхождений.
МНОГОАСПЕКТНАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ: ПОТРЕБНОСТИ, ВОСТРЕБОВАННОСТЬ И РАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ЦЕЛЕСООБРАЗНОСТЬ В РЕГИОНАХ
Authors: Токаев Н.Х. , Токаева Т.И. , Баснукаев М.Ш.
Published: July 2021

В статье рассматривается сложная проблематика трансформации социальных отношений применительно к российской практике решаемых задач. Систематизированы теоретические истолкования содержания трансформационных процессов в социальной сфере, дана оценка системности и бессистемности форм ее проявления, механизмам и инструментам регулирования возникающих отношений. Особые акценты сделаны на специфике происходящих трансформационных социальных отношений под влиянием состояния экономик регионов, образующихся у них разрывов в доходах и расходах. Сделана попытка более углубленного рассмотрения проблематики занятости, безработицы, формирующихся зарплат и удовлетворения социальных потребностей с позиции многоаспектности.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ НЕФТЯНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ В УСЛОВИЯХ КОРОНАВИРУСНОГО КРИЗИСА
Authors: Далхадова М.Л. , Баснукаев Р.М. , Мусостова М.А.
Published: July 2021

В статье рассматриваются основные проблемы и перспективы развития нефтяной отрасли России в условиях коронавирусного кризиса, изменения цен на нефть. Исследование направлено на изучение перспектив развития и анализ текущей ситуации в нефтяном секторе, связанной с изменениями на рынке нефти и резким падением спроса в 2020 году из-за глобального кризиса. Роль нефтяного сектора в российской экономике огромна, поскольку большая часть бюджетных поступлений приходится на эту отрасль, которая составляет основу валового внутреннего продукта.
РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЬНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ – ВАЖНЫЙ РЕЗЕРВ СНИЖЕНИЯ СЕБЕСТОИМОСТИ ПРОДУКЦИИ
Authors: Эдилсултанова Л.А.
Published: July 2021

Актуальность данной статьи связана с тем, что себестоимость продукции характеризуется как качественный, синтезирующий и объективный показатель, отражающий степень эффективности хозяйствования.
В статье отмечено, что изучение природы и сущности себестоимости, определение путей и средств ее снижения, является целью любого предприятия, что остается важным условием финансового оздоровления предприятия.
В обоснование необходимости снижения издержек производства, автор статьи делает заключение о том, что весьма важным остается проблема внедрения в производство современной высокопроизводительной техники и технологии производства, обеспечивающих сокращение затрат на производство продукции.
INDICATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PERSONNEL THREATS TO ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SECURITY
Authors:   Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head of Department of Finance and Economic Security, Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia, KARANINA E. V.
Published: July 2021

The article substantiates the possibility of assessing the level of information potential of the company, taking into account the indicators of personnel threats. The analysis of the methods proposed by Russian scientists for assessing the information potential of companies is carried out. Conclusions are drawn about the need to increase the role of the personnel unit in the integral indicator of information potential. The systematization of personnel threats in three groups is proposed in accordance with the classification criterion for the subject (source of threats). It is concluded that it is necessary to build indicators for personnel threats, based on the principles of their construction. The author's system of indicators for each personnel threat is presented.
ISSUES OF REGULATING PRICES FOR SEPARATE FOOD PRODUCTS IN THE ASPECT OF ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Professor, Leading Researcher, Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia, LEV M. Yu.
Published: July 2021

The paper presents a study of unjustified price increases presented at a meeting of the Government of the Russian Federation in December 2020 based on the results of monitoring by various departments of prices for sugar, sunflower oil, and flour. The analysis showed a significant difference in prices for the year. The lack of a unified methodology for price monitoring and a mechanism for controlling price growth is revealed. The conclusion is made: to ensure the socio-economic security of the state, it is necessary to create a single body responsible for monitoring prices and preparing the results of monitoring for a report to the government.
DEVELOPMENT OF INSTITUTIONS OF THE ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
Authors:   Post-graduate Student, Kazan Cooperative Institute (Branch of the Russian University of Cooperation), Kazan, Russia, KHAIDAROVA G. G.
Published: July 2021

The activity of agricultural enterprises determines the level of food security of the state, forms the level of agricultural potential of the state. During the transition to a post-industrial economy, economic mechanisms change, forming new internal and external relations between economic entities. The article is devoted to the search for the most effective regulators of the work of agricultural enterprises, the understanding of new approaches to the formation of the innovative image of the Russian economic mechanism.
SERVICES SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY CONDITIONS
Authors:   Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia, BARDASOVA E. V. , KIRILLOVA L. G. ,   Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Kazan Cooperative Institute (branch) Russian University of Cooperation, Kazan, Russia
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of the digital economy, which provide huge opportunities for the development of business and services. Information and communication technologies allow you to bring the manufacturer to the end user, reduce costs, and develop new services on digital platforms. The conclusion is made: to get development opportunities from the digital environment, it is necessary to master the relevant competencies.
NON-FINANCIAL INCENTIVES FOR EMPLOYEES AS A CRITERION FOR ENSURING THE FUTURE OF THE COMPANY IN A PANDEMIC (based on research results using Celebrium-X technologies)
Authors:   Expert on Non-monetary Employee Motivation, President of the Group of Companies In-Eo HR-solutions, Moscow, Russia, NOVIKOVA I. V. , RODIONOVA M. E. ,   Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation; PR & GR Director Celebrium-labs, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

The article raises the problem of non-material incentives for employees as a criterion for ensuring the future of the company in the context of a pandemic. The article presents secondary data from McKinsey, Nordea and the 2020 meta-analysis “Interest Fit and Job Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”, as well as the results of the author's research obtained using the Celebrium X technology. The aim was to identify the true, current state of employee engagement at Optimum.
FEATURES OF THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RETURN LEASING IN MODERN RUSSIA
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of Finance and Credit, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Krasnodar Branch Krasnodar, Russia, KUTSEGREEVA L. V. , NALIVKINA V. V. ,   Lecturer, Department of Finance and Credit, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Krasnodar Branch Krasnodar, Russia
Published: July 2021

The article considers the practical application of the return lease scheme at the present stage of the development of the Russian economy. In connection with the need to modernize production, the need to use such an investment tool as leasing financing increases. Returnable leasing has taken a certain place in the management of corporate finance.
AND TAXATION: PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Accounting and Taxation, North Ossetian State University named after K. L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia, AGUZAROVA F. S.
Published: July 2021

Despite the continued use and taxation of land resources, problems still persist. These include the provision of tax benefits for land tax, the procedure for determining the tax base, the reliability and completeness of the information base. To solve these problems, it is proposed to systematize the procedure for conducting tax administration in order to identify unaccounted-for tax objects; to clarify the cadastral value of land plots, to provide tax benefits economically justifiably, assessing tax risks.
ASSESSMENT OF THE RELIABILITY OF THE INFORMATION OF THE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC ENTITY
Authors:   Doctor of Economic, Professor, Financial Adviser to FCC “Partners”, Moscow, Russia, KARZAEVA N. N.
Published: July 2021

The information base of management decision-making makes it necessary to include a threat to the accounting system of an economic entity in the information security objects. The article proposes two criteria for classifying threats to the accounting system: the content of threats and the impact on the reliability of financial information. The conclusion is made about the construction of indicators for assessing only threats that have a direct impact on the reliability of information. Based on the principles of validity, measurability and simplicity, indicators corresponding to the threat of accounting activities are constructed. The total value of these indicators and the level of materiality of information are elements of the model for assessing the level of security of accounting activities proposed by the author.
QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMATION IN FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS A BASIS FOR CONVERGENCE
Authors:   Senior Lecturer, Department of Management and Marketing, St. Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical University), St. Petersburg, Russia, KATSAVETS N. V.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the qualitative characteristics of accounting (financial) statements. Their classifications are analyzed and presented. It is concluded that out of all the presented characteristics, the main ones are relevance, reliability, clarity and comparability, which determine the usefulness of accounting information in the financial statements. Using the convergence of reporting forms, you can achieve clarity and comparability of the data in the reports for internal users.
SPORT INFRASTRUCTURE COST MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC SECTOR: REGIONAL ASPECT
Authors:   Graduate Student, Department of Regional, Municipal Economics and Management, Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg, Russia, ARKALOV D. P.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to planning the costs of state (municipal) sports institutions for equipping athletes with the necessary equipment, equipment, equipment and maintenance of sports facilities with a shortage of financial support. The methodological basis of the work was the theoretical provisions of general management, the concept of facility management and the theory of the process approach. The theoretical and practical significance of the work is to justify the creation of a separate new state work “Operation and maintenance of sports facilities”, its calculation and exclusion from the state service “Sports training in Olympic (non-Olympic) sports” of economic and operational costs. The proposed model will allow you to allocate the cost of maintaining sports facilities and become the basis for the formation of a strategy for the development of sports infrastructure in the region (municipality).
LATIN AMERICAN POLICY COMPONENT OF THE US, PRC AND RUSSIAN FEDERATION: RUSSIAN POLICY
Authors:   Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow Russia, GORDIENKO D. V.
Published: July 2021

The paper considers the assessment of the influence of the Latin American component of the policy of the United States of America, the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on the national security of these countries. An approach is proposed to compare the influence of the Latin American component of the policy of the states of the strategic triangle Russia-China-USA, which allows us to identify the priorities of Russia's policy in Latin America and other regions of the world. The work can be used to justify recommendations to the military and political leadership of our country.
FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING AND TRENDS OF MEAT MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE
Authors: BOLSHAKOVA Іevgeniia , MARKINA Iryna
Published: July 2021

On the basis of the analytical research the peculiarities of the meat processing enterprises functioning of Ukraine were identified, quantitative and qualitative trends of the meat and meat products market in Ukraine were investigated, factors influencing its development prospects were determined. The article points out that cattle meat production in Ukraine has been declining annually and has been unprofitable for the last 20 years. At the same time, it is proved that the meat industry in Ukraine has significant reserves and great prospects for development, the successful implementation of which is possible only if the negative phenomena and processes in the agricultural sector are overcome. The paper investigates that over the past year, there has been some increase in meat production, with a marked decrease in beef, veal and pork meat production and an increase in poultry meat production. The main problems of the industry and the ways of overcoming them in the current economic conditions are outlined.

The main leaders of producers of meat products in Ukraine are highlighted. The dynamics of the poultry population and the production of this type of meat are discussed. The structure of livestock farming by agricultural enterprises and private farms is considered. The dynamics of the structure of meat production in Ukraine by types compared to 2014 and 2018 is provided. The desired market capacity, which could meet the needs of Ukrainians in the rational consumption of meat products, is 3.432 billion tons, but the actual consumption reaches only 2.295 billion tons, which is 66.9 % of the rational indicator. Among the main effective ways of providing market capacity are: increasing the availability of goods by introducing individual assistance to low-income categories of the population; an increase in the consumption of products outside the home, which will necessitate an increase in real wages; elimination in the food markets of non-equivalent product exchange; development of a balanced range of products at meat processing enterprises.

Keywords: meat processing companies, meat and meat products market, meat and meat products production, poultry meat, turkey meat.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL AGRO-FOOD PRODUCTION IN CONDITIONS OF INCREASING OPENNESS OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
Authors: MUDRAK Ruslan
Published: July 2021

The new reality of the domestic socio-economic environment is an increase in the openness of the national economy – an increase in the share of foreign trade turnover in the structure of public production. Ukrainian society has an extremely pressing issue on its agenda – how to save a place in a group of countries between the center and the periphery, and not to get there into the periphery zone forever.

The purpose of the article is to find out how the openness of the national economy influences the sustainable development of regional agro-food production.

A positive consequence of increasing the openness of the national economy to the sustainable development of regional agro-food production is the increase in the access of Ukrainian farmers to foreign markets with high capacity. Increasing access to overseas markets enables Ukrainian producers to leverage their existing resources and maximize their revenue. An important result for the national economy of increasing access to foreign markets for domestic producers is the increase in foreign exchange earnings. The negative impact of increasing the openness of the national economy on regional agro-food production is as follows: increasing the risk of the Dutch disease in Ukrainian agriculture; over-exports of the agricultural raw materials (it causes unused reserves of increasing the share of value added by increasing the degree of processing and causing damage to the food security of the state); the development of monoculturalism, which has a negative impact on rural employment; increasing the risk of erosion and degradation of agricultural land.

Keywords: sustainable development, agro-food production, opens economy, over-exports, raw materials, added value, food security, rural unemployment, soil destruction.
Global Regularities of the World Development
Authors: Pavlík Petr
Published: July 2021

In the article is described the verification of three hypotheses derived from the theory of the hierarchy of reality using empirical data. In the analysis several important demographic, socio-economic and geographic indicators were used to show the level of their concentration and variability in the years 1965, 1973 and 1981 in the whole world and within selected macroregions.
The term "high mountains"
Authors: Plesník Pavol
Published: July 2021

This contribution deals with different opinions of what should be considered "high mountains". The author tries to assess the value of individual high-mountains phenomena for the differentiation of high-mountains landscape from others types. The existing misleading terminological shortage - as he suggests - could be eliminated by substituting the adjective "high mountains" by "cold" ("cold landscape", and if it is prevaling in some mountains, then "cold mountains").
Delay Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Malaysia's Oil and Gas Projects
Authors: Abdelrassoul Hissein Djibrine , Rahim Zulhasni Bin Abdul
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has extremely affected people and businesses around the world. Oil and gas industry are not exempted, and negatively impacted by the unprecedent crisis of COVID-19. This pandemic has also caused delays in the oil and gas projects. In an attempt to control the spread of COVID-19, Malaysian government has introduced Movement Control Order (MCO) in the whole country to be closed and lockdown all premises except essential services to operate. This has resulted major delays in the project execution. Researchers have conducted studies to identify factors that causing project delays. Approximately 75 delay factors were found from previous studies and it revealed that most delay factors were not caused by COVID-19. In the current research, the delay factors due to COVID-19 were identified and some delay factors were found to have similarity with literature. Additionally, interview sessions were organized with oil and gas professionals involving in the oil and gas industry. Delay factors due to COVID-19 and mitigation strategies were identified from the interview sessions. Moreover, this result has used in the designing of survey questionnaire and distributed to project practitioners working in the oil and gas industry in Malaysia. 110 Oil and gas professionals include 52 Clients, 25 consultants, 23 contractors, 5 subcontractors and 5 vendors/suppliers have participated in the survey. Data collected from survey was analyzed and interpreted by means of median and Relative Importance Index (RII). Based on this information, delay factors and mitigation strategies were ranked according to their importance and impact to project. It is observed that the higher value of the RII the more critical cause or impact factor. Top seven (7) delay factors were identified and top seven (7) mitigation measures were proposed as recommendations for future implementation in the oil and gas project.
TEMAS DE ASTRONOMIA EM FEIRAS DE CIÊNCIAS: REFLEXÕES SOBRE CURRÍCULOS E INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE
Authors: Gonzatti Sônia Elisa Marchi , Maman Andréia Spessatto de , Guarienti Dayene Borges
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho apresenta levantamento realizado a partir de uma análise documental dos anais de nove edições de feiras de ciências promovidas por uma universidade comunitária do Rio Grande do Sul, visando mapear conteúdos e possíveis abordagens interdisciplinares em pesquisas escolares que envolvem temas de Astronomia. Sob uma perspectiva teórica que considera as feiras como um espaço profícuo de incentivo à iniciação e educação científicas, trabalha-se com a premissa de que esses contextos estão permeados de maior autonomia de escolha de temas de estudo do que habitualmente ocorre em contextos formais de ensino. Assim, a maior ou menor presença de temáticas da Astronomia poderia favorecer práticas de ensino e pesquisa inspiradas na interdisciplinaridade. A análise documental realizada detectou dezesseis trabalhos, nos níveis do Ensino Fundamental ou Médio, ligados à Astronomia, com preferênciapor temas associados à Astronáutica e foguetes, seguidos de temas relacionados ao planeta Terra e à Cosmologia. Quanto à interdisciplinaridade, identificou-se diferentes níveis de integração, desde conexões internas às temáticas pesquisadas até a integração de duas ou mais disciplinas escolares nas pesquisas.
Tafonomía actualística de restos óseos y dentarios de micromamíferos recuperados en egagrópilas generadas por la lechucita de las vizcacheras (Athene cunicularia): una discusión desde las tierras bajas áridas del Centro Occidente Argentino
Authors: Lopez José Manuel , Quintana María Fernanda , Mignino Julián , Pereyra-Lobos Roberto
Published: July 2021

En el presente estudio se amplía y discute la evidencia tafonómica sobre acumulaciones óseas y dentarias de micromamíferos generadas por la depredación la lechucita de las vizcacheras (Athene cunicularia), un potencial agente acumulador de restos de micromamíferos en sitios arqueológicos y paleontológicos sudamericanos. Se realiza un análisis tafonómico de dos conjuntos de egagrópilas recuperados en el desierto de Monte, en el Centro Occidente Argentino. La evaluación tafonómica consideró tres variables: abundancia relativa de elementos esqueletarios, patrones de fractura, y digestión. Roedores y marsupiales compusieron la dieta de A. cunicularia. Entre los resultados tafonómicos se destacan: alrededor del 50% de incisivos y elementos poscraneales digeridos (principalmente digestión ligera); elevada proporción de mandíbulas y elementos poscraneales completos; buena preservación/representación de elementos esqueletarios; mejor representación de elementos distales que proximales. Los resultados tafonómicos permiten localizar a A. cunicularia como un depredador entre las categorías 2-3 (modificador intermedio-moderado), ampliando la variabilidad de la información tafonómica para este depredador. Adicionalmente, se realizó un análisis taxonómico y dietario para explorar las implicancias ecológicas de dichos conjuntos. El cricétido Graomys griseoflavus fue la principal presa detectada en la dieta de A. cunicularia. Salinomys delicatus, un roedor cricétido amenazado y poco conocido, fue detectado en baja proporción.
Trilogy of Strategies of Disruption in Research Methodologies: Article 3 of 3: The Evocative Power of Tourism Studies: Positive Interruption, Interdependence, and Imaging Forward Today
Authors: Hollinshead Keith , Suleman Rukeya , Yu Lo Chun
Published: July 2021

In this third of three cousin articles on the call for disruptive qualitative research approaches, further treatment is proffered on the concerns and irritations that "soft science"/"subtle science" social scientists (and humanists, and posthumanists) are troubled by today. While the
opening article (by Hollinshead, Suleman, and Nair here in Tourism, Culture & Communication) laid out the general case for the fit of disruptive qualitative research advances cum dissident interpretive research overtures in Tourism Studies to help atone for the field's long-recognized
biases towards highly economic/linear/ empirical outlooks, the second article (by Hollinshead, Suleman, and Vellah) constituted a consolidation of the advanced social justice orientations being aired across the trio of articles. In this third of the three bedfellow articles, the authors (Hollinshead,
Suleman, and Lo) now provide further critique on the soft science constructions and the subtle science thinking that have been promoted within the landmark text on advanced qualitative and interpretive praxis by Brown, Carducci, and Kuby (entitled Disrupting Qualitative Inquiry). In
this third article, the need for such dissident developments within Tourism Studies is provided with respect to a number (10) of common ontological issues encountered in research into tourism/travel today, such as the difficulty in researching the shadowy and indistinct "unique ways" in which
foreign peoples differ from each other. At the end of this article, a further 15 terms are made manifest for the cumulative glossary being developed across the three companion articles. These terms include "critical ethnography" (vis-à-vis the revised cognitive practices of tourism)
and "unsettlement" (vis-à-vis the rhetorics of futurity of tourism). This third article—like its two predecessors—is notably Deleuzian in hue, although readers should spot the conceptual mark of (Arturo) Escobar (and considerations of pluriversality that emanate from "The
South") in places.
A Novel Method for Cluster Detection of RFID-Tags using Multilinear Polarized Antenna
Authors: Sheikh Hussain Saleem , Awan Fahim Gohar , Kiran Asima
Published: July 2021

Product identification using barcodes has gained good astounding, especially at the point of sale, where different products are being scanned individually before making the payment receipt. These products when at the warehouse meets issues like individual scanning demands significant time and labor to be involved in the human error. Barcodes have been in a process of replacement by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). RFID is a technology that enables data transfer wirelessly and provides several advantages over barcodes which mandatory requires line of sight. Much of the work has been done on RFID tag antenna design, but efficient reader antenna design has been a major need of the hour for big warehouses, that came across bulk data to manage on daily basis. RFID reader antennas are unable to focus their RF energy on a desired zone. This paper proposes a novel multi-linear polarized RFID reader antenna design that utilizes the RF energy efficiently to meet the bulk reading application that will help in managing the tagged stock for industrial application.
Congenital Insensitivity to Pain and Anhidrosis: A painful experience by a painless child
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia, Ung Sia , Osman Zulkiflee Bin ,   Department of Orthopaedic, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia, Termizi Nur Syahida Binti Mohd ,   Department of Orthopaedic, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia, Ahmad Mohd Firdaus Hafni Bin ,   Department of Orthopaedic, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia
Published: July 2021

A three-year-old boy with congenital insensitivity to pain and anhidrosis (CIPA) was first presented with transphyseal separation of distal left humerus. Surgical treatment with closed reduction and k-wiring of transphyseal separation of distal humerus resulted in devastating surgical site infection and osteomyelitis. Multiple surgical debridement and application of external fixator to eliminate infection were futile. At the age of four years, he refused to bear weight as a result of left hip dislocation. Closed reduction and spica cast was unsuccessful, resulting in recurrent left hip dislocation. He has since not been able to walk. At the age of five years, the right hip was dislocated followed by ipsilateral subtrochanteric femur fracture. Appropriate treatments such as hip spica and titanium elastic nail were not possible due to extensive bruising and skin ulceration over the right thigh. This child ended up with a functionless left upper limb, bilateral hip dislocation and malunited right femur fracture. Conservative treatment and watchful neglect might be the ideal treatment for patients with CIPA.
Predation habits of octopus past and present and a new ichnospecies, Oichnus ova/is
Authors: Bromley Richard G.
Published: July 2021

The geological history of octopus is virtually unknown, owing to lack of a preservable skeleton. Several octopod species today are known to drill holes in prey animals for the injection of venom. These borings are incipient trace fossils that have good fossilization potential, and are named Oichnus ova/is isp. nov. Their abundance in Pliocene assemblages suggests that they will be recognized elsewhere in Tertiary and perhaps older assemblages, providing greatly needed data on the earlier range and feeding habits of octopus.
Petrology and diagenesis of Palaeogene clays from Ølst and Ålbækhoved, Denmark
Authors: Huggett Jennifer
Published: July 2021

The petrology and diagenesis of Paleocene and Eocene clays from 01st and Albrek­hoved in northern Jutland, Denmark has been investigated using backscattered electron microscopy and XRD techniques. The Holmehus, 01st, Rpsnres and Lillebrelt Forma- tions were sampled at both localities, whilst at 01st, the Spvind Marl was also sampled. These sediments are extremely fine grained, smectite-rich, vari-coloured claystones with ash horizons in several formations. Smectite and carbonate minerals are the principal authigenic phases. Smectite is inferred to have formed as a result of alteration of volcanic glass, though it is unclear how much of the smectite is detrital. Three manganese bearing carbonate cements have been identified in all Formations sampled at both localities except the Holmehus Formation. These cements are manganoan calcite, calcian rhodochrosite and manganoan siderite. All occur as equant to sub­equant rhombs, up to 15 µm across, but typically 2-5 µm. Calcian rhodochrosite is present as overgrowths on rounded clay-size particles of high Mg (20%) calcite, which are either detrital grains or corroded authigenic cement. It also occurs as overgrowths on equant rhombs of earlier formed manganoan calcite. The manganoan siderite occurs as relatively large crystals (20 µm) scattered through the clay matrix and as concre­tions. Calcite cement is present in the Lillebrelt and 01st Formations. Quantitatively it is not as important as the more unusual Mn-bearing calcium carbonates.
Li in minerals from the Ilimaussaq alkaline intrusion, South Greenland
Authors: Bailey J., C , Bohse H. , Gwozdz R. , Rose-Hansen J.
Published: July 2021

Li was analysed by instrumental neutron activation analysis and Cerenkov counting in 120 mineral samples (30 species) from the Ilfmaussaq alkaline intrusion, South Greenland. More than 0.23 wt.% Li (0.5 wt.% Li2O) is found in polylithionite, neptunite, riebeckite, Na-cookeite, ephesite, arfvedsonite, gerasimovskite and astro­phyllite. Arfvedsonite (200-2500 ppm Li) carries the bulk of Li in most of the highly alkaline rocks. Li-Mg and Li-F relations indicate that the distribution of Li is con­trolled by the structure of minerals, their absolute contents of Mg and F and the fractionation stage within the intrusion. Li is probably linked with Fin the fluid state and this linkage continues into crystallising phases where Li occupies sites which also accommodate Mg. Li/Mg and Li/F ratios of Ilfmaussaq rocks and minerals are higher than in equivalent materials from the Lovozero intrusion (Kola, Russia). The Li­Mg-Fe2+ geochemical association at Ilfmaussaq (Fe2+>>Mg) and Lovozero (Fe2+>Mg) contrasts with the commercially important Li-rich but Mg-Fe2+-poor association found in certain granite pegmatites and greisenised granites.
An unusual titanomagnetite replacing spinel
Authors: Jensen Aage
Published: July 2021

n a recent investigation of the Fe-Ti-oxides in the Koster dyke swarm, SW Sweden, one of the dykes from sector I (41197) was omitted because the cubic Fe-Ti-oxides in this dyke were found to deviate from those in all the other dykes.
The Fe-Ti-oxides in 41197 consist partly of ilmenite as free grains, and partly of titanomagnetite with sandwich as well as trellis oxyexsolution lamellae of ilmenite. Some of the titanomagnetite grains have a core of grey spine!, and there are also grains consisting mainly of spine!, but with the spine! clearly being replaced by titanomagnetite.
Electron microprobe analyses of these Fe-Ti-oxides have revealed that the ilmenite as free grains has a composition quite similar to that in the other Koster dykes from sector I. Apart from a small content of Cr, the ilmenite lamellae in the titanomagne­tite grains also show good agreement with the other Koster dykes from sector I, but there are small but significant differences between the ilmenite lamellae from grain to grain within the sample.
The titanomagnetite groundmass also shows small but significant differences be­tween different grains. The composition of the titanomagnetite varies from ferrofer­rites to ferrochromferrites.
The grey spine! varies from ferrospinel over ferrochromspinel to ferroferrichrom­spinel. Except for the spine! grain with only incipient replacement by titanomagne­tite, the spinels have a rim which is richer in Mg, Al and Zn and poorer in Cr and Fe+++ than the core.
Temperature and fO2 of coexisting pairs of ilmenite and titanomagnetite varies from 991°C, fO2 10-12-9, to 1104°C, fO2 10-11-2.
Recognizing emotions in bodies: Vagus nerve stimulation enhances recognition of anger while impairing sadness
Authors: Steenbergen Laura , Maraver María J. , Actis-Grosso Rossana , Ricciardelli Paola , Colzato Lorenza S.
Published: July 2021

According to the Polyvagal theory, the vagus nerve is the key phylogenetic substrate that supports efficient emotion recognition for promoting safety and survival. Previous studies showed that the vagus nerve affects people’s ability to recognize emotions based on eye regions and whole facial images, but not static bodies. The purpose of this study was to verify whether the previously suggested causal link between vagal activity and emotion recognition can be generalized to situations in which emotions must be inferred from images of whole moving bodies. We employed transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that stimulates the vagus nerve by a mild electrical stimulation to the auricular branch of the vagus, located in the anterior protuberance of the outer ear. In two sessions, participants received active or sham tVNS before and while performing three emotion recognition tasks, aimed at indexing their ability to recognize emotions from static or moving bodily expressions by actors. Active tVNS, compared to sham stimulation, enhanced the recognition of anger but reduced the ability to recognize sadness, regardless of the type of stimulus (static vs. moving). Convergent with the idea of hierarchical involvement of the vagus in establishing safety, as put forward by the Polyvagal theory, we argue that our findings may be explained by vagus-evoked differential adjustment strategies to emotional expressions. Taken together, our findings fit with an evolutionary perspective on the vagus nerve and its involvement in emotion recognition for the benefit of survival.
Payment of forfeit as a legal consequence of the breach of obligations by the parties under the vehicle hire agreement
Authors: Tyndyk Maxym
Published: July 2021

Problem setting. One of the legal consequences of the breach of obligations (including vehicle hire agreement) is payment of forfeit is both a way to enforce commitments and extent of civil liability and civil rights remedy

Despite the fact that a significant amount of research has been devoted to the study of forfeit, the legislation governing the issue of forfeit in relation to vehicle hiring is imperfect and needs to be amended accordingly.

Analysis of resent researches and publications. The issue of payment of forfeit as a legal consequence of a breach of contractual obligations has been studied by legal scholars in various respects. Basic research in this area has been conducted by A. Karapetov, K. Hrave, O. Ioffe, N. Maliein, V. Raikher, M.Brahinskyi, V.Vitrianskyi, R.Stefanchuk, O. Otradnova, I. Puchkovska, N. Raskazova, and others.

At the same time, the issue of forfeit application as a result of violation of legal obligations under the vehicle hire contract was given insufficient attention, and thus the matter is urgent and requires further investigation.

Target of research. The purpose of this paper is a general study and analysis of forfeit as a legal consequence of breach of obligations by the parties under the vehicle hire agreement.

Article’s main body. The article provides general study and analysis of forfeit as a result of violation of obligations under the vehicle hire contract, as well as the grounds for its establishment. The provision is substantiated that at the stage of normal course of the obligation under the vehicle hire agreement forfeit performs only a security function, and it becomes the extent of civil liability only after the breach of the obligation by one of the parties whose obligation was secured by forfeit. The shortcomings of the current legislation dealing with the issue of legal regulation of forfeit, which is applied in case of breach of their obligations by the parties under the vehicle hire agreement, have been identified.

Conclusions and prospects for the development. Forfeit, established by Part 2 of Article 785 of the Civil Code of Ukraine for delay by the lessee of the obligation to return the vehicle to the lessor in the amount of double payment for the use of the thing during the delay is essentially a fine, as calculated from the amount of unfulfilled or improperly fulfilled obligation – fees for the possibility of using the vehicle for the relevant period (hire fees).

When deciding which type of forfeit to establish in the contract (fine or penalty), the parties to the vehicle hire contract should proceed from the fact that the type of forfeit applied should correspond to the essence of the obligation for violation of which it is established.
Humanization of the punishment system as a guarantee of correction of convicted persons
Authors: Tavolzhansky Oleksii , Protsenko Olesya
Published: July 2021

Problem setting. The article is devoted to the main directions of reforming the penitentiary system in order to reduce the number of recidivists. We analyzed foreign experience, which shows that the exemplary countries in this regard are those that have humanized the approach to working with convicts. Based on this, the main directions of the necessary reforms in Ukraine in this area are indicated: optimization of the punishment system; social and educational work of probation bodies and penitentiary institutions; departure from the approach of excessive isolation of the person; attracting economic resources to the education and training of convicts and to create appropriate material conditions; improving the system of medical protection of convicts.

Target of research. The purpose of this work is research theoretical and practical approaches of foreign countries in the system of execution of sentences and conditions of detention of convicts; focus on measures and programs that will contribute to the correction of convicts.

Analysis of resent researches and publications. The following scientists were engaged in research of the specified question: V.A. Badira, A.P. Gel, T.A. Denisova, О.L. Karaman, G.M. Fedorishin, O.V. Lisoded, A.Kh. Stepanyuk, O.V. Tavolzhansky, V. Y. Prykhodko and others.

Article’s main body. There are the main directions of the necessary reforms of Ukraine in the field of execution of punishments. First of all, attention is paid to optimizing the system of punishments, namely reducing the types of punishments, in order to leave the most effective. Secondly, there is a need to direct the process of serving a sentence to the correction of a person, his re-education. This can be achieved through the humanization of this process. The article pays attention to the social and educational work of probation bodies and penitentiary institutions.

Conclusions and prospects for the development. It is necessary to attract significant economic resources for the education and training of convicts in order to enable them to re-socialize after release. Budget funds are also needed to create appropriate material conditions for serving a sentence, to bring the condition of the premises of penitentiary institutions to international standards. It is also necessary to reform the system of punishments and focus on the education of convicts, not punishment.
Problemic issues of legal regulation of the circulation of some types of options in Ukraine
Authors: Tovkun Ihor , Shchehlakov Ivan
Published: July 2021

Problem setting. In Ukraine, the use of options is increasingly frequent. Options attract both employee and employer, since it allows the employee to take part in the management of the company, and for the employer makes employees more motivated. A lot of IT-companies including EPAM, Ajax, Vimeo and others, have already used options. Nevertheless, legal regulation of options has many gaps.

Target research. The main goal of this research is to define the concept of an option, its characteristics and types. To analyze the legal regulation and actual development of options in Ukraine. It also includes identification of problems of legal regulation of the circulation of some types of options in Ukraine.

Analysis of recent researches and publications. Options and their market was the object of research of a large number of scientists, among which, Adamenko M. V., Voronchenko O. V., Kashubina Yu. V., Kolosovsky D. V., Pidvysotsky Ya. V., Shulga N. P. and others whose doctrinal developments provide an important theoretical basis for studying the nature and essence of options and its role between other securities.

Article’s main body. The definition of an option was identified in the article. It was determined, that an option is a type of secuirities that entitles one party to purchase (sell) a certain asset during the option’s period or at a specific date, and the other party to sell (buy) the asset. It was researched that there are such types of options like put- and call- options, american and european options.

Legal regulation and practical using of options in IT-sphere were analysed. The next problems in option using was discovered: high asset value, short terms, difficulty in buying securities and receiving dividends, difficulty in understanding how to use options and others.

Conclusions and prospects of development. Legal regulation of options has many gaps and problematic issues that are related to the difficulty of understanding the mechanism of the option, the lack of guarantees, the impossibility of buying an asset, which makes the option ineffective.

In this way, there is a need to improve the legal regulation of options circulation, including in matters of vesting, which would ensure guarantees of the rights of option owners and its effectiveness as a tool for attracting investment and increasing the motivation of employees.
Problem moments of legal regulation of banking activity and ways of their solution
Authors: Tovkun Ihor , Zubko Tatiana
Published: July 2021

Problem setting. In the article the basic problems of legal regulation of the banking system of Ukraine in the context of Ukraine’s unification into the European Union. The author explore the concept of the banking system, considering the imperfections security mechanisms Banking in Ukraine justifies the need to improve banking legislation and consider international experience in banking regulation.

Analysis of recent researches and publications. The general theoretical definitions of the essence of the concepts of the banking system and problems of legal regulation of banking were developed by domestic and foreign researchers, whose works formed the theoretical basis of this study, in particular: O.P. Orlyuk, M.V. Starnysky, M.I. Seleznyova, O.I. Lobozynska, O.A. Kostyuchenko, O.V. Ponedilko, K. Gavalda, J. Stufle and others.

Target of research. It has been proved that the banking system in each country is an important chain in the financial system. The sphere of the regulation of financial and legal relations which are in the process of formation and functioning of the banking system establishments has been defined.

Article’s main body. The legal regime of the arising and development of the institution of the central emission bank and the role of the central in the system of government bodies of power has been investigated. The legal status of the National Bank of Ukraine as a central body of state management with special authorities has been revealed. The legal status of the state banks of Ukraine have been researched.

Conclusions and prospects for the development. The paper reveals the financial and legal foundations of banks in the process of crediting and payments as well as cash operations and the influence of the method of the financial and legal regulation as a prevailing method in terms of the relationship under the activity of state bodies while governing the organizations of the banking system and under the regulation by National Bank of Ukraine of the relations of commercial banks with their customers. Dozens of measures have been offered to improve the banking legislature of Ukraine as well as its matching with international standards.