bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detoxification of effluents with cyanide. Application on a cyanide gossan mineral
Authors: Da Cruz Abby , Daza María , Zavala Sandra , Camargo Steve , Balbin Nadia
Published: October 2023

The process of cyanidation is employed to extract the gold and silver components from minerals. As a result of this procedure, the production of effluents and solid waste occurs, wherein the presence of free cyanide is observed as the most hazardous form. The application of degrading processes can facilitate the transformation of cyanides in solution into forms that are less hazardous. The aim of this study is to investigate the degradation of cyanide effluents using either sodium hypochlorite or ozone. The primary purpose is to identify the optimal conditions for the degradation of total cyanide while ensuring the absence of any other pollutants. The cyanidation process will be implemented under optimal conditions for the purpose of recovering gold and silver from Gossan ore. The gossan ore sourced from Rio Tinto in Huelva, Spain, finds application in the detoxification of cyanide effluents. Characterization techniques are employed to identify the predominant elements present in the ore, namely iron (25.0%) and silicon (21.2%). The process of cyanide breakdown with ozone treatment yields carbonates, which are significantly more ecologically sustainable in comparison to cyanates formed by hypochlorite. Nevertheless, the utilization of ozone in mining is limited due to some disadvantages, namely its exorbitant cost and excessive consumption.
An Integrated Maintenance Scheduling of a Wind Energy System Minimizing Economic Losses
Authors: Sa’ad Aisha , Nyoungue Aimé C. , Hajej Zied
Published: October 2023

The world is faced with a continuous challenge of climate change and global warming as a result of excess carbon emission due to the traditional method of generating electricity from fossil fuels. As measures to curb this challenge, re-searchers explored into renewable energy resources which provide clean and hazard-free energy. Wind as one of the fast-evolving sources requires a lot of attention in generating and sustaining the wind system to ensure reliability and customer satisfaction. In this context, this paper develops a model that forecasts wind energy production by artificial neural network (ANN) method. An integrated model for optimizing the production and maintenance planning cost was developed to minimize economic as well as the production losses that satisfy random demand. Our developed algorithm also determines the minimal number of preventive maintenances to be performed on the turbine thereby evaluating the eco-nomic losses associated with the total production lifecycle.
Transient analysis of electrical drives: Applications to the permanent magnet synchronous generator
Authors: Delaleau Emmanuel
Published: October 2023

This paper establishes that differential flatness, a property shared by most of the model of electrical drives, allows to perform transient analysis on the models of electrical machines, and especially electric generators which are so important in renewable energy systems (wind turbine, tidal turbine...). Transient analysis of electrical machines is indeed a difficult subject not completely solved today. The possibility to parameterize the trajectories of a system from the differential flatness property gives the possibility to perform simple transient analysis in various operation modes. The example of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) illustrates the paper.
Editorial: European Conference on Neutron Scattering 2023 in Garching
Authors: Lommatzsch Ina , Holderer Olaf , Frielinghaus Henrich , Su Yixi , Pedersen Björn , Meven Martin , Busch Sebastian , Stieghorst Christian , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Georgii Robert , Märkisch Bastian , Pasini Stefano , Förster Stephan , Müller Martin , Müller-Buschbaum Peter
Published: October 2023

This edition of the European Conference on Neutron Scattering, which is held every four years, took place in Garching, Germany and gathered over 500 people from all areas of neutron science. From new source or instrumental concepts to fundamental physics, and chemistry, all areas of this community were represented. Lively discussions in the lecture halls, poster areas,and social events around this conference contributed to a very fruitful exchange of new ideas.
Modelling of The New Engineering Diffractometer eMAP at ISIS Target Station 2
Authors: Lee Tung Lik , Kabra Saurabh , Kelleher Joe , Kockelmann Winfried , Bewley Robert
Published: October 2023

eMAP is a new proposed high flux medium-resolution time-of-flight engineering diffractometer that will be built at ISIS Target Station 2. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to optimise the neutron guide to maximise brilliance transfer. eMAP features great flexibility in tuning for flux or resolution. The diffractometer achieves a figure of merit that surpasses the ENGIN-X diffractometer at ISIS by more than a factor 10. The new instrument will bring additional capacity and advanced stress measurement capabilities to the engineering diffraction user programme at the ISIS Neutron and Muon Source.
Silver Jubilee for the OSIRIS spectrometer: Achievements and Outlook
Authors: Demmel Franz , Perrichon Adrien , McPhail David , Luna Dapica Paula , Webb Nick , Cook Andy , Schooneveld Erik , Boxall Johnny , Rhodes Nigel , Lockett Cyril , Dabinett Colin , Hodder Joel , Nye Daniel , Mukhopadhyay Sanghamitra , Silverwood Ian , Sarter Mona , Garcia Sakai Victoria , Fernandez-Alonso Felix
Published: October 2023

In December 1997 the Osiris beamline at the ISIS facility, UK, recorded its first neutron spectrum. The instrument enjoyed a first stint as a cold neutron diﬀractometer before the spectroscopic capabilities were fully commissioned. Osiris soon became a workhorse quasielastic spectrometer as well as a highly successful low-energy spectrometer. The status of the instrument is recognized by the user community with high-impact publications ranging from energy materials over life science to quantum matter. To enhance the existing capabilities a silicon analyzer is under construction. The primary spectrometer will be upgraded with a new supermirror guide providing a factor 10 to 14 increased flux in combination with a new hydrogen moderator. Beyond these developments further improvements of the energy resolution with a combination of a fast pulse shaping chopper and using a direct backscattering geometry are being investigated.
Conceptual design of supermirror polarizers at the European Spallation Source
Authors: Martín Rodríguez Damián , Willendrup Peter , Lee Wai-Tung , Backs Alex , Jiménez Villacorta Félix , Toft-Petersen Rasmus , Morgano Manuel
Published: October 2023

Polarized neutrons will be made available on many European Spallation Source (ESS) instruments. There are a number of technologies available for polarizers and polarization analyzers which will be used at the ESS. The selection of the technology for an instrument is based on the performance and the constraints of the instrument. We will focus on the design of polarizing supermirror devices using Monte Carlo ray tracing simulation as an integral part of instrument design process. A McStas module has been developed to simulate a multichannel V-cavity polarizer, seeking the appropriate parameters to be incorporated into the respective instrument. The performance of such polarizers is studied for three instruments at ESS (MIRACLES (backscattering spectrometer), BIFROST (indirect geometry spectrometer) and ODIN (imaging)) with different requirements and constraints, where the suitability of this kind of devices can be assessed. For the first two instruments, where there is no strong constraint on the placement of the polarizer, the optimal configurations show excellent performance over the whole required wavelength ranges. However, in ODIN, due to more strict constraints in the placement of the polarizer, the performance is more dependent on the wavelength in the required wavelength range and other options may need to be considered.
The TAS-IN8 upgrade: Towards the limit of a three-axis spectrometer performance
Authors: Piovano Andrea , Ivanov Alexandre
Published: October 2023

IN8 is a high-flux three-axis thermal neutron spectrometer designed to measure inelastic neutron scattering on single crystals in a wide energy and momentum transfer range. It is the highest thermal flux spectrometer worldwide with the monochromatic flux at the sample up to 109 neutrons/cm2/s where users can perform demanding experiments not possible anywhere else. In recent years, the IN8 spectrometer has undergone several major upgrades that have further extended the capabilities of the instrument to the limits achievable with the standard setup. The first part of the upgrade was centred on the replacement of the monochromator assembly, now consisting of four double focusing reflecting crystal faces with enhanced luminosity. The ensuing upgrade was to replace the entire secondary spectrometer. As the result, the new spectrometer, called Thermes, profits from a compact design and it is well shielded against ambient experimental background. All the incorporated modifications have given the instrument an unprecedented and unique luminosity combined with an optimal signal-to-noise level and a remarkable configuration flexibility for a broad range of experimental requirements.
In-situ Neutron Reflectometry to Determine Ge Self-Diffusivities and Activation Energy of Diffusion in Amorphous Ge0.8Si0.2
Authors: Hüger Erwin , Stahn Jochen , Schmidt Harald
Published: October 2023

Amorphous Ge-Si solid solutions are an interesting class of materials from the fundamental as well as the technological point of view. Self-diffusion of the constituents is an important process because of the inherent metastability. While self-diffusion was already examined in crystalline GexSi1-x (0 < x <1) this is not the case for the amorphous counterparts. This work reports on Ge self-diffusivities obtained from insitu neutron reflectometry measurements during isothermal annealing of ion-beam sputter-deposited amorphous Ge0.8Si0.2 films. The diffusivities are modified peculiarly fast with annealing time by a maximum factor of two due to structural relaxation. The diffusivities in the relaxed state are lower (higher) than in amorphous germanium (silicon). They follow the Arrhenius law and show an activation energy of (2.06 ± 0.1) eV, which equals that of amorphous germanium, but differs from that of amorphous silicon. Thus, it is concluded that the diffusion mechanism of Ge in amorphous Ge0.8Si0.2 and Ge are similar, despite of the presence of dispersed 20 at.% of Si.
Quasi Elastic Neutron Scattering model library
Authors: Durniak Céline , González Miguel Angel , Markvardsen Anders , Mukhopadhyay Sanghamitra , Lang Franz , Rod Thomas Holm
Published: October 2023

This paper reports on the development of a collection of dynamical models of one-dimensional peak profile functions used to fit dynamic structure factors S (Q, ħω) of Quasi Elastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) data. The objective of this development is to create a maintainable and interoperable Python library with models reusable in other projects related to the analysis of data from Quasi Elastic Neutron Scattering experiments. The ambition is that the library also will serve as a platform where scientists can make their models available for others. We illustrate how the library can be used by newcomers to the field as well as by experts via different examples. These examples, provided as Jupyter notebooks, show how the QENS models can be integrated in the whole QENS data processing pipeline.
Neutron adiabaticity and its impact on data analysis, illustrated for polarized GISANS
Authors: Stellhorn Annika , Lee Wai-Tung , Kentzinger Emmanuel , Chen Wangchun , Gaudet Jonathan , Krycka Kathryn , Blackburn Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

The significance of neutron spin adiabaticity in the data analysis of polarized Grazing Incidence Small Angle Neutron Scattering (GISANS) is discussed, with the aim of minimizing the number of simulation parameters of complex magnetic models within the neutron scattering cross-section. We illustrate how an estimate of the neutron polarization direction and adiabaticity can be obtained by magnetic field and neutron ray-tracing simulations and compare the results with measurements of the magnetic field map for the beamline used in the GISANS experiment. We show how small deviations from the neutron polarization direction with respect to the magnetic field vector at the sample position significantly affect the data analysis, and how this can be considered within the magnetic model of the scattering cross section using the Distorted Wave Born Approximation.
Les hépatites chroniques canines
Authors: Menard Maud
Published: October 2023

Chez le chien, les hépatites chroniques sont définies par des lésions histologiques spécifiques caractérisées par l’association d’un infiltrat inflammatoire, de phénomènes d’apoptose/nécrose, de régénération et de fibrose. Certaines données plaident en faveur de causes métabolique, toxique, infectieuse ou à médiation-immune. Toutefois, à l’exception des hépatites par surcharge en cuivre pour lesquelles une mutation génétique a été clairement identifiée chez certaines races, la plupart des hépatites chroniques demeurent idiopathiques chez le chien. Le diagnostic requiert la réalisation de biopsies hépatiques réalisées préférentiellement par cœlioscopie. Une analyse histologique, une quantification du cuivre, ainsi qu’une mise en culture aéro-anaérobie sont recommandées. Le traitement repose sur l’administration d’un traitement de soutien (anti-oxydant, cholérétique, traitement symptomatique, alimentation spécifique, etc.) et d’un chélateur de cuivre lors de surcharge cuprique. En l’absence de cause identifiée, un traitement immunomodulateur peut également être prescrit dans l’hypothèse d’une hépatite à médiation immune. L’expression clinique des hépatites chroniques étant tardive, le diagnostic est souvent établi à un stade avancé (lésions irréversibles) et le pronostic reste généralement réservé à moyen terme.
Usages de l’Orthosiphon en phytothérapie vétérinaire
Authors: Schmitt Nathalie
Published: October 2023

L’Orthosiphon est une plante d’origine asiatique dont l’usage traditionnel est ancien. Il est prescrit dans le cadre des affections de la sphère urinaire telles que l’insuffisance rénale, les lithiases et les ­infections urinaires. Concernant les affections cardiovasculaires, l’action antihypertensive de l’Orthosiphon permet de le prescrire dans le cadre des hypertensions artérielles légères à modérées. Son action hypoglycémiante, associée à son action drainante permet de le prescrire dans la prise en charge du diabète de type II. De nouvelles études tendent à montrer que l’Orthosiphon pourrait être intéressant dans la prise en charge d’autres pathologies, notamment en oncologie.

La prescription de l’Orthosiphon doit cependant être raisonnée dans le cas de pathologies sévères, et se faire dans le respect des règles en vigueur pour le médicament vétérinaire.
Effektivität und Kosteneffizienz von Individual Placement and
Support (IPS) in Deutschland – eine Vergleichsstudie bei Menschen mit
Psychosen
Authors: Nischk Daniel , Herwig Uwe , Senner Simon , Rockstroh Brigitte
Published: October 2023

Ziel der Studie Um die Wirksamkeit von Individual Placement &
Support (IPS) zur Integration von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen auf den
allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland zu überprüfen, bedarf es
Vergleiche mit der üblichen rehabilitativen Praxis in Bezug auf
Beschäftigungsquoten und Kosteneffizienz.

Methode 20 IPS-Teilnehmende mit psychotischen, insbesondere
Schizophrenie-Spektrumsstörungen wurden mit 20 Kontrollpersonen, denen
in angrenzenden Landkreisen übliche Rehabilitationsverfahren angeboten
wurden (Rehabilitation as usual, RAU), über 18 Monate verglichen.

Ergebnisse IPS war RAU signifikant auf allen tätigkeitsbezogenen
Kriterien mit mittleren bis hohen Effektstärken überlegen, ohne
dass sich Unterschiede bei Fehlzeiten, Krankenhaustagen und Abbruchquoten
zeigten. IPS war RAU hinsichtlich der Kosteneffizienz deutlich
überlegen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Studie bietet Hinweise darauf, dass IPS auch in
Deutschland eine effektive und kosteneffiziente Ergänzung zu den
bestehenden berufsrehabilitativen Angeboten für Menschen mit Psychosen
darstellt.
Efficacy of Over-the-Scope Clips Compared to Standard Therapy for Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding—A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Giri Suprabhat , Harindranath Sidharth , Kozyk Marko , Kale Aditya , Jearth Vaneet , Sundaram Sridhar
Published: October 2023

The current standard of treatment for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) includes endoscopic hemostasis with either through-the-scope clips or thermal therapy. However, they may be associated with rebleeding, especially in high-risk ulcers. Over-the-scope clips (OTSC) have been demonstrated in multiple recent studies to be an effective measure for NVUGIB. We aimed to analyze the current literature on standard therapy with OTSC to manage NVUGIB. A meta-analysis was performed by pooling the data from randomized studies obtained from a comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, and Scopus from inception to February 2023. The outcomes analyzed included rates of persistent bleeding, rebleeding, mortality, and duration of hospitalization. A total of five studies were included in the final analysis. There was no significant difference in the risk of persistent bleeding between the groups, with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07–1.27). The use of OTSC was associated with a significantly lower risk of 7-day and 30-day rebleeding compared with standard therapy with RR of 0.30 (95% CI: 0.16–0.59) and 0.42 (95% CI: 0.24–0.72), respectively. There was no difference in the risk of 30-day mortality or the duration of hospitalization. There was no change in the effect on subgroup analysis of studies using OTSC as first-line therapy. The use of OTSC can reduce the rebleeding rates after endoscopic hemostasis. However, they may not reduce the risk of persistent bleeding or mortality. Future studies are required on the cost-efficacy of this modality.
Anatomical Step-by-Step Dissection of Complex Skull Base Approaches for Trainees: Surgical Anatomy of the Bifrontal Transbasal Approach, Surgical Principles, and Illustrative Cases
Authors: Vilany Larissa , Dang Danielle D. , Agosti Edoardo , Plou Pedro , Leonel Luciano C. P. C. , Graepel Stephen , Pinheiro-Neto Carlos D. , Lanzino Giuseppe , Link Michael J. , Peris-Celda Maria
Published: October 2023

Introduction The transbasal approach traditionally uses a bicoronal scalp incision with bifrontal craniotomy to establish an extradural midline skull base working corridor. Depending on additional craniofacial osteotomies, this approach can expand its reach to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and may be employed for the resection of particularly complex sinonasal and midline skull base tumors. Given its discrepancy in nomenclature and differences in interoperator technique, we propose a practical, operatively oriented guide for trainees performing this approach.

Methods Three formalin-fixed, latex-injected specimens were dissected under microscopic magnification and endoscopic-assisted visualization. Stepwise dissections of the transcranial-transbasal approach with common modifications were performed, documented with three-dimensional photography, and supplemented with representative case applications.

Results The traditional transbasal approach via bifrontal craniotomy affords wide extradural access to the anterior cranial fossa and central skull base. The addition of craniofacial osteotomies further expands access into the sinonasal cavities, clivus, and craniocervical junction. Key steps described include patient positioning, bicoronal skin incision, pericranial graft harvest, bifrontal craniotomy, orbital rim osteotomy, sphenoidotomy, bilateral ethmoidectomies, and microsurgical dissection of the sellar region. Basal superior sagittal sinus ligation and durotomy allow for intradural exposure. Reconstruction techniques are also discussed.

Conclusion While the transbasal approach is rich with historical descriptions, illustrations, and modifications, its stepwise performance may be relatively unknown and unclear to younger generations of trainees. We present a comprehensive guide to optimize familiarity with the transbasal approach and its indications in the surgical anatomy laboratory, mastery of the relevant microsurgical anatomy, and simultaneous preparation for learning and participation in the operating room.
Simulation of wave propagation with obstacles: Time invariance operator applied to interference and diffraction
Authors: Oliveira Marceliano , Rodrigues Francisco , Valadares George , Freire Márcio
Published: October 2023

We present here a computational numerical operator, and we name it as Time Invariance Operator (TIO). This operator can add obstacles to the domain of the differential equation that describes a physical phenomenon. After the TIO acts, the wave equation recognizes the introduced points as non-interacting zones without affecting the rest of the domain. Computational physics has been consolidated as an important field of study, especially when connected with the fundamentals of physics. In many cases, simulations are conducted considering the ideal case of a wave in an infinite domain and open space without considering obstacles, barriers, or other aspects of the real world. The results presented in this paper allow us to infer that the TIO is the easiest way to apply the physical domain to wave propagation simulations and successfully recreate wave interaction experiments through computer simulations. Our motivation is to perform wave simulations that interact with obstacles, barriers, single slits, and double slits. We aim to investigate the results obtained in images to determine if the methodology we used to introduce realistic physical characteristics was successful in presenting the expected phenomenology. The simplicity of the TIO’s action in creating locally time-invariant regions over the domain makes it suitable not only for waves but also for equations with transient terms. Heat transfer, mass transfer, computational fluid dynamics, and other time evolution equations can take some benefit from the operator presented in this paper. The TIO ensures local conservation that mimics interaction regions or ensures free space characteristics if it is the case like a 2D tensor of local conservation. The principal result from this paper is the validation of the TIO to impose realistic conditions with minimal modifications over a running code of wave equation simulation originally in free space. The TIO is innovative because it imposes dynamic conditions that mimic realistic interacting zones.
Berry curvature induced spontaneous and topological-like Hall effect in magnetic Weyl semimetallic Nd2Ir2O7 (111) thin films
Authors: Ghosh Mithun , Babu P. D. , Kumar P. S. Anil
Published: October 2023

We report a study of longitudinal resistivity, anisotropic magnetoresistance (MR), and Hall effect on epitaxial Nd2Ir2O7 (111) thin films grown by the solid phase epitaxy technique, in which spin–orbit coupling, electronic correlation, magnetic frustration, and f-d exchange interaction are present. Temperature-dependent longitudinal resistivity (ρxx) data indicate semimetallic charge transport in the low-temperature region. Field-cooled longitudinal resistivity measurements detect negligible domain-wall conductance compared to the polycrystal or single-crystal samples. Angle-dependent MR measurement shows that the magnetic structure of Ir4+ 5d moments can be finely tuned by applying a magnetic field along different crystallographic directions. MR measurements show a field-induced modification of the Nd3+ 4f spin structure from all-in-all-out/all-out-all-in (AIAO/AOAI) (4-in-0-out) to 1-in-3-out for the applied field (H) along the [111] direction, resulting in field-induced plastic deformation of the Ir4+ domain distribution. In contrast, the application of field (H) along the [001] and [011] directions could not modify any domain distribution. A large spontaneous Hall effect (SHE) signal has been observed on Nd2Ir2O7 (111) thin film with AIAO/AOAI antiferromagnetic ordering for the application of field (H) along [001], [1̄1̄0], and [111] directions. The appearance of a large spontaneous Hall signal for the applied field along [001] and [1̄1̄0] directions rules out domain switching as the origin of the Hall effect and confirms the presence of the Weyl semimetallic phase in Nd2Ir2O7 (111) thin films. In addition to SHE, a large topological-like Hall signal is also observed, possibly due to the presence of multiple Weyl nodes in the electronic band structure.
Bohm sheath criterion and dust charging for active magnetized plasma in the presence of q-nonextensive electron distribution
Authors: Acharya Num Prasad , Basnet Suresh , Khanal Raju
Published: October 2023

We have investigated the Bohm sheath criterion and evolution of dust charge at the sheath edge for the collisional active magnetized plasma in the presence of q-nonextensive electron distribution. The set of governing equations has been numerically solved for given initial conditions, whereas the dust charging equation has been solved using the –Raphson method. The Bohm sheath condition for active plasma has been extended using the Sagdeev potential approach, and it has been found that gas pressure, obliqueness of the magnetic field, source and sink terms, and choice of electron distribution affect the Bohm velocity, sheath thickness, floating potential, and evolution of dust charge. As the magnetic field, gas pressure, and nonextensive parameter q increase, the Bohm velocity is found to be decreasing (from supersonic to subsonic), and its explicit effect can be seen on the dust charging process. The magnitude of the E × B drift velocity of ions at the sheath edge determines the Bohm velocity, floating potential, and dust screening length as well. Furthermore, we have presented the comparison of the obtained results for two different cases: (i) unmagnetized and magnetized cases and (ii) active and quiescent plasmas.
Numerical modelling for ecologically successful spawning-site restoration in Chin-sha River, China
Authors: Xi Yuqian , Li Pengcheng , Pang Xiaolan , Han Yu , Lin Junqiang , Wang Qianqian , Li Yike , Yao Weiwei
Published: October 2023

Context The construction of dams on the Chin-sha River will affect fish spawning sites, leading to a decline in fish species. Aims This paper presents a model to evaluate the ecological status of restoration strategies aimed at fish species living at a spawning site. Methods The model comprises hydro-morphodynamic and habitat modules. The modelling approach was applied with two restoration strategies (side-channel addition and riverbank reconstruction) and their corresponding post-restoration effects. Key results Three indicators were utilised to assess the ecological status of the spawning site. Modelling results showed poor ecological status under current hydrological conditions, with weighted usable area and overall suitability index values of 1.07 × 106 m2 and 0.41. Without implementing a restoration strategy, the ecological status would continue to fragment and deteriorate. Conclusions The weighted usable area can be recovered to 2.86 × 106 and 1.67 × 106 m2 in scenarios of side-channel and bank construction respectively. The overall suitability index values increase to 0.67 and 0.63 respectively. Implications It is also noted that the ecological restoration strategy (side-channel addition) can considerably enhance the freshwater Reeves shad’s habitat status. Additionally, the restoration strategy illustrated the feasibility of the side-channel addition restoration strategy.
Benefits and trade-offs of optimizing global land use for food, water, and carbon
Authors: Bayer Anita D. , Lautenbach Sven , Arneth Almut
Published: October 2023

Current large-scale patterns of land use reflect history, local traditions, and production costs, much more so than they reflect biophysical potential or global supply and demand for food and freshwater, or—more recently—climate change mitigation. We quantified alternative land-use allocations that consider trade-offs for these demands by combining a dynamic vegetation model and an optimization algorithm to determine Pareto-optimal land-use allocations under changing climate conditions in 2090–2099 and alternatively in 2033–2042. These form the outer bounds of the option space for global land-use transformation. Results show a potential to increase all three indicators (+83% in crop production, +8% in available runoff, and +3% in carbon storage globally) compared to the current land-use configuration, with clear land-use priority areas: Tropical and boreal forests were preserved, crops were produced in temperate regions, and pastures were preferentially allocated in semiarid grasslands and savannas. Transformations toward optimal land-use patterns would imply extensive reconfigurations and changes in land management, but the required annual land-use changes were nevertheless of similar magnitude as those suggested by established land-use change scenarios. The optimization results clearly show that large benefits could be achieved when land use is reconsidered under a “global supply” perspective with a regional focus that differs across the world’s regions in order to achieve the supply of key ecosystem services under the emerging global pressures.
El Niño-Southern Oscillation forcing on carbon and water cycling in a Bornean tropical rainforest
Authors: Takamura Naoya , Hata Yoshiaki , Matsumoto Kazuho , Kume Tomonori , Ueyama Masahito , Kumagai Tomo’omi
Published: October 2023

Carbon dioxide and water vapor exchanges between tropical forest canopies and the atmosphere through photosynthesis, respiration, and evapotranspiration (ET) influence carbon and water cycling at the regional and global scales. Their inter- and intra-annual variations are sensitive to seasonal rhythms and longer-timescale tropical climatic events. In the present study, we assessed the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence on ET and on the net ecosystem exchange (NEE), using eddy-covariance flux observations in a Bornean rainforest over a 10-y period (2010–2019) that included several El Niño and La Niña events. From flux model inversions, we inferred ecophysiological properties, notably the canopy stomatal conductance and “big-leaf” maximum carboxylation rate (
V
cmax25_BL
). Mean ET values were similar between ENSO phases (El Niño, La Niña, and neutral conditions). Conversely, the mean net ecosystem productivity was highest during La Niña events and lowest during El Niño events. Combining Shapley additive explanation calculations for nine controlling factors with a machine-learning algorithm, we determined that the primary factors for ET and NEE in the La Niña and neutral phases were incoming shortwave solar radiation and
V
cmax25_BL
, respectively, but that canopy stomatal conductance was the most significant factor for both ET and NEE in the El Niño phase. A combined stomatal-photosynthesis model approach further indicated that
V
cmax25_BL
differences between ENSO phases were the most significant controlling factor for canopy photosynthesis, emphasizing the strong need to account for ENSO-induced ecophysiological factor variations in model projections of the long-term carbon balance in Southeast Asian tropical rainforests.
Frailty and survival in the 1918 influenza pandemic
Authors: Wissler Amanda , DeWitte Sharon N.
Published: October 2023

One of the most well-known yet least understood aspects of the 1918 influenza pandemic is the disproportionately high mortality among young adults. Contemporary accounts further describe the victims as healthy young adults, which is contrary to the understanding of selective mortality, which posits that individuals with the highest frailty within a group are at the greatest risk of death. We use a bioarchaeological approach, combining individual-level information on health and stress gleaned from the skeletal remains of individuals who died in 1918 to determine whether healthy individuals were dying during the 1918 pandemic or whether underlying frailty contributed to an increased risk of mortality. Skeletal data on tibial periosteal new bone formation were obtained from 369 individuals from the Hamann–Todd documented osteological collection in Cleveland, Ohio. Skeletal data were analyzed alongside known age at death using Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox proportional hazards analysis. The results suggest that frail or unhealthy individuals were more likely to die during the pandemic than those who were not frail. During the flu, the estimated hazards for individuals with periosteal lesions that were active at the time of death were over two times higher compared to the control group. The results contradict prior assumptions about selective mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic. Even among young adults, not everyone was equally likely to die—those with evidence of systemic stress suffered greater mortality. These findings provide time depth to our understanding of how variation in life experiences can impact morbidity and mortality even during a pandemic caused by a novel pathogen.
Cloud microphysical response to entrainment and mixing is locally inhomogeneous and globally homogeneous: Evidence from the lab
Authors: Yeom Jae Min , Helman Ian , Prabhakaran Prasanth , Anderson Jesse C. , Yang Fan , Shaw Raymond A. , Cantrell Will
Published: October 2023

Entrainment of dry air into clouds strongly influences cloud optical and precipitation properties and the response of clouds to aerosol perturbations. The response of cloud droplet size distributions to entrainment–mixing is examined in the Pi convection-cloud chamber that creates a turbulent, steady-state cloud. The experiments are conducted by injecting dry air with temperature (T
e
) and flow rate (Q
e
) through a flange in the top boundary, into the otherwise well-mixed cloud, to mimic the entrainment–mixing process. Due to the large-scale circulation, the downwind region is directly affected by entrained dry air, whereas the upwind region is representative of the background conditions. Droplet concentration (Cn) and liquid water content (L) decrease in the downwind region, but the difference in the mean diameter of droplets (D
m
) is small. The shape of cloud droplet size distributions relative to the injection point is unchanged, to within statistical uncertainty, resulting in a signature of inhomogeneous mixing, as expected for droplet evaporation times small compared to mixing time scales. As T
e
and Q
e
of entrained air increase, however, Cn, L, and D
m
of the whole cloud system decrease, resulting in a signature of homogeneous mixing. The apparent contradiction is understood as the cloud microphysical responses to entrainment and mixing differing on local and global scales: locally inhomogeneous and globally homogeneous. This implies that global versus local sampling of clouds can lead to seemingly contradictory results for mixing, which informs the long-standing debate about the microphysical response to entrainment and the parameterization of this process for coarse-resolution models.
A Novel Imaging Method Based on Reweighted Total Variation for an Interferometer Array on Lunar Orbit
Authors: Yang Xiaocheng , Wang Mengna , Wu Lin , Yan Jingye , Zheng Junbao , Deng Li
Published: October 2023

Ground-based radio observations below 30 MHz are susceptible to the ionosphere of the Earth and the radio frequency interference. Compared with other space mission concepts, making low frequency observations using an interferometer array on lunar orbit is one of the most feasible ones due to a number of technical and economic advantages. Different from traditional interferometer arrays, the interferometer array on lunar orbit faces some complications such as the three-dimensional distribution of baselines and the changing sky blockage by the Moon. Although the brute-force method based on the linear mapping relationship between the visibilities and the sky temperature can produce satisfactory results in general, there are still large residual errors on account of the loss of the edge information. To obtain the full-sky maps with higher accuracy, in this paper we propose a novel imaging method based on reweighted total variation (RTV) for a lunar orbit interferometer array. Meanwhile, a split Bregman iteration method is introduced to optimize the proposed RTV model so as to decrease the computation time. The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional brute-force method, the RTV regularization method can effectively reduce the reconstruction errors and obtain more accurate sky maps, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.
On the assessment of the wave modeling uncertainty in wave climate projections
Authors: Lobeto Hector , Semedo Alvaro , Menendez Melisa , Lemos Gil , Kumar Rajesh , Akpinar Adem , Dobrynin Mikhail , Kamranzad Bahareh
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the epistemic uncertainty associated with the wave propagation modeling in wave climate projections. A single-forcing, single-scenario, seven-member global wave climate projection ensemble is used, developed using three wave models with a consistent numerical domain. The uncertainty is assessed through projected changes in wave height, wave period, and wave direction. The relative importance of the wave model used and its internal parameterization are examined. The former is the dominant source of uncertainty in approximately two-thirds of the global ocean. The study reveals divergences in projected changes from runs of different models and runs of the same model with different parameterizations over 75% of the ensemble mean change in several ocean regions. Projected changes in the wave period shows the most significant uncertainties, particularly in the Pacific Ocean basin, while the wave height shows the least. Over 30% of global coastlines exhibit significant uncertainties in at least two out of the three wave climate variables analyzed. The coasts of western North America, the Maritime Continent and the Arabian Sea show the most significant wave modeling uncertainties.
Enhancement of power output of partially shaded photovoltaic system using optimal Sudoku puzzle based triple-tied-cross-link reconfiguration techniques
Authors: Kumar Arjun , Agarwal Ruchi
Published: October 2023

Partial shade on a photovoltaic (PV) array reduces output power because of mismatch losses. Therefore, selection of PV array configuration is one of the crucial factors to consider for maximum power output. The Triple-Tied-Cross-Link (TTCL) configuration used has lesser tied connection in contrast to the conventional Total-Cross-Tied (TCT) configuration. The performance oSf the TTCL configuration is further enhanced by applying Sudoku puzzles as a reconfiguration technique. Without changing the electrical connection, the Sudoku puzzle is used to arrange the physical placement of the modules in the PV arrays. By dispersing the shading impact over the array, the suggested arrangement reduces the amount of shade that dominates in any one row. The recommended Optimal Sudoku Puzzle (OSP)- based TTCL design’s performance has been compared to the TTCL setup for the 9 × 9 PV array. Six partial shading patterns named Group-I to Group-VI are considered to analyze the performance of the proposed reconfiguration technique. The number of parameters such as global maximum power point (GMPP), open circuit voltage, short circuit current, mismatch loss, fill factor, and efficiency are measured to show its performance under different shading patterns. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the recommended OSP- based TTCL configuration technique. It is investigated that the numerical values in the case of shading pattern Group-III for the performance parameter GMP and fill factor have increased by 11.59% and 16.90 %, respectively, as compared to TTCL configuration. The mismatch loss (ML) was achieved with the lowest value, i.e., 21.98%, when compared to the TTCL (36.13%). The 9 × 9 PV array’s efficiency in the proposed configuration is 13.33%, which is higher than that of TTCL (11.94%) arrangements. From the simulated results, the puzzle-based reconfiguration technique is found to be an optimal approach as compared to traditional configuration.
Gender aspects in occupational exposure and health studies
Authors: Schlünssen Vivi , Jones Rachael M
Published: October 2023

While sex is a biological attribute associated with physical and physiological features, gender refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, expressions, and identities. On the biological side, males and females differ concerning hormonal and anatomical differences, and It is therefore plausible occupational exposure may act differently on males and females. In contrast, gender may influence the work organization, work environment conditions and exposures, and employment conditions, leading people of different genders to perform different jobs or job tasks, be exposed to different stressors, and work under different employment terms.

Traditionally, occupational exposures have been assessed without considering how exposures may differ by sex or gender. Early research focused on occupations that primarily employed men. However, women have entered occupations historically dominated by men, leading to emerging exploration of gender differences in exposure. Some women-dominated occupations have become the focus of intensive research activity. In the Annals, the number of articles including sex and gender issues has increased dramatically over time, with only two published prior to 1980, and 70 in the 2010s, and with a special issue dedicated to Gender, Work, and Health in 2018 where the editors highlighted a need to improve assessment of gender and sex identities to allow for more nuanced knowledge to elucidate the role of work organization and contextual factors about gender, work exposures, and health.

Females, on average, have different body dimensions than males, which affects how well workplaces and personal protective equipment (PPE) fit females, and there remains a need for further improvements to ensure that females are protected equally well. On the other hand, females tend to comply more frequently with PPE requirements than men highlighting the need for gender-specific initiatives in order to increase PPE performance and compliance.

In conclusion, there is still work to do in order to fill in the existing knowledge gap with regard to sex, gender, and work, but there are promising initiatives and the field is progressing.
A - 134 The Impact of Pre-Treatment Mental Health Symptoms on the Efficacy of Cognitive Rehabilitation for Warfighters with a History Mild TBI
Authors: Bailie Jason M , Basham Angela , Caswell Melissa , Lopez Juan , Westphal Alia , Barnard Lori , Siblesz Ana , Babakhanyan Ida
Published: October 2023

Objective

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common among warfighters. Most have a full recovery but some have persistent cognitive complaints. Cognitive rehabilitation is the primary treatment; however, mTBI is highly co-morbid with depression and post-traumatic stress (PTS). This study investigated if high levels of mental health symptoms negatively impacted the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation.

Methods

82 military personnel with at least one diagnosed mTBI and persistent cognitive complaints completed 4–6 weeks of cognitive rehabilitation. PTS was measured by the Post-Traumatic Checklist-5 (PCL-5) and depression was measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire 8 (PHQ8); scores were dichotomized based on published cut-offs (>33 and > 10, respectively). Outcomes included change pre-post treatment on: Neurobehavioral Scale Inventory (NSI), Key Behavior Change Index (KBCI), and Global Deficit Scale (GDS). GDS was derived from: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, Color Word, Trail Making, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, and the Symbol Digit Modality Test.

Results

A MANOVA revealed PTS had no effect on the NSI, KBCI, or GDS (p = 0.659). There was a significant effect for depression (p = 0.017); however, this was specific to change in GDS (p = 0.002). The average reduction was 0.98 (SD = 0.87) in high depression and 0.43 (SD = 0.68) in low depression. Depression did not impact NSI or KBCI.

Conclusion

In contrast to the initial hypothesis, high levels of depression or PTS did not negatively impact the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation. In fact, warfighters with high levels of depression had greater improvements in cognitive functioning.
Failing in reverse: a case report of reverse Takotsubo syndrome complicating peripartum
Authors: Hernández-Guajardo Dalí Alejandro , Solís José Gabriel , Flores-Ramírez Ramiro , Carrizales-Sepúlveda Edgar Francisco
Published: October 2023

Background

Pregnancy and the peripartum are states of stress for the cardiovascular system. These conditions can trigger different cardiomyopathies. Among these, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) has been increasingly recognized as a cause of transient left ventricular dysfunction associated with pregnancy.

Case summary

We present the case of a 31-year-old multiparous woman with an unusual variant of TC after caesarean delivery.

Discussion

Peripartum cardiomyopathy and TC are particularly interesting differential diagnoses for new systolic dysfunction in pregnancy. Some features, such as the time of presentation, regional or diffuse wall motion abnormalities, evolution, and biomarkers, can guide the clinician to the right diagnosis.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia complicating cardiogenic shock requiring durable mechanical circulatory support: a case report
Authors: Cangialosi Peter , Dembitzer Francine , Anyanwu Anelechi C , Parikh Aditya
Published: October 2023

Background

Heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated reaction to heparin therapy that may lead to life-threatening thrombotic events. This disorder complicates intraoperative heparin use during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation.

Case summary

A 52-year-old man presented in acute decompensated heart failure. His admission laboratory studies were consistent with cardiogenic shock with a lactate of 6.1 mmol/L (ref range 0.50–1.99 mmol/L). Echocardiogram and CT scan demonstrated severe biventricular dysfunction and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 10%, as well as left upper lobe segmental pulmonary embolism. He was started on inotropes, diuretics, and a heparin infusion. Following heparin initiation, his platelets had decreased by 63% to a nadir of 39 000/µL (ref range 150 000–450 000/µL) and testing confirmed a diagnosis of HIT. His shock state worsened to INTERMACS 1 necessitating escalation of mechanical support. In preparation for HeartMate 3 LVAD implantation, he received 3 cycles of plasmapheresis with one session of IVIG perioperatively, resulting in a 60% reduction in the titre of heparin-dependent platelet antibodies. He underwent successful LVAD implantation including usage of intraoperative heparin, and was discharged home on post-operative Day 17, where he has remained stable on LVAD support.

Discussion

Limited data exist on the perioperative management of patients with HIT undergoing LVAD implantation. Heparin is preferred to other antithrombin agents during surgery due to the availability of an immediate reversal agent. Plasmapheresis with IVIG is a potential management option to decrease heparin-dependent platelet antibodies in patients with HIT to allow for successful LVAD implantation.