bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI METODE PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN GO/NO-GO DALAM EKSEKUSI IDE RENCANA BISNIS BIDANG TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI
Authors: Taufik Candra , Sanny Yusuf
Published: July 2020

Globalisasi dan perkembangan Teknologi Informasi sangat memungkinkan bagi siapa pun untuk memperoleh ide / rencana bisnis yang dianggap akan menjadi suatu bisnis sukses dan meningkatkan perekonomiannya. Ide / rencana bisnis tersebut dapat langsung dieksekusi oleh pemiliknya dan kemudian akan menghadapi dua kemungkinan, yaitu sukses atau gagal dan tidak sedikit yang mengalami kegagalan. Selain itu, banyak pula yang justru tidak mengeksekusi ide / rencana bisnisnya karena khawatir gagal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas Metode Pengambilan Keputusan Lanjut / Tidak Lanjut (Go/No-Go) dalam eksekusi ide / rencana bisnis bidang Teknologi Informasi yang telah diperoleh dari penelitian sebelumnya. Metode Go/No-Go yang dimaksud terdiri dari Explore / Eksplorasi, Select / Pilih, Test / Uji dan Decide / Putuskan atau disingkat ESTD. Dalam penelitian ini metode tersebut akan diimplementasikan oleh sejumlah responden untuk pengambilan keputusan lanjut/tidak lanjutnya eksekusi ide / rencana bisnis mereka. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya teori kewirausahaan dalam proses penyaringan peluang bisnis atau penentuan peluang bisnis (venture opportunity) yang benar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Kuantitatif dengan mengambil sample sebanyak 60 orang yang memiliki ide bisnis bidang IT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu rata-rata pengambilan keputusan Go/No-Go adalah 6.39 hari dan standard deviasi 1.47 hari. Untuk tingkat keyakinan 90% diperoleh range rata-rata waktu penggunaan metode ESTD 4.45 s/d 8.33  hari. Sekitar 89 % dari responden menyatakan bahwa metode pengambilan keputusan Go/No-Go ini mudah dipahami dan dipergunakan serta 19% responden menyarankan untuk menambahkan contoh-contoh asumsi.
PENGARUH PERLAKUAN AWAL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA, MIKROBIOLOGI, DAN ORGANOLEPTIK TEPUNG ONCOM MERAH
Authors: Alsuhendra Alsuhendra , Ridawati Ridawati
Published: July 2020

organoleptik tepung oncom merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan 3 jenis perlakuan, yaitu oncom merah segar langsung dikeringkan tanpa mendapatkan perlakuan apapun (P0), oncom merah segar dikukus terlebih dahulu, lalu dikeringkan (P1), dan oncom merah segar dipisahkan miselium dan spora kapangnya terlebih dahulu, lalu dikukus dan dikeringkan (P2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen tepung oncom merah yang diperoleh dari ketiga perlakuan berkisar antara 32,39 – 35,57%. Tidak ada pengaruh perlakuan terhadap rendemen tepung oncom merah (α=0.05). Kadar air, abu, dan lemak tepung oncom merah dari ketiga perlakuan juga tidak berbeda nyata, tetapi perlakuan memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kadar protein dan karbohidrat tepung (α=0.05). Secara mikrobiologis, angka lempeng total (ALT) tepung oncom merah dari ketiga perlakuan berturut-turut adalah 2,05 x 106 CFU (P0), 2,49 x 104 CFU (P1) dan 1,95 x 103 CFU (P2). Tepung oncom merah P0 dinilai oleh sebagian besar panelis memiliki warna cokelat gelap, aroma oncom kuat, rasa tepung kedelai mentah dengan sedikit pahit,  dan tekstur halus dan agak halus.  Tepung oncom merah P1 memiliki warna coklat gelap, aroma oncom agak kuat, agak terasa  tepung kedelai mentah dan agak pahit, dan tekstur halus. Sementara itu, tepung oncom merah P2 memiliki warna agak coklat, aroma oncom agak kuat, tidak terrasa tepung kedelai dan agak sedikit pahit,  dan tekstur halus.
ANALISIS TATA KELOLA TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK COBIT 5 DOMAIN DELIVER SUPPORT AND SERVICE (STUDI KASUS: YAYASAN EKA TJIPTA)
Authors: Wiraniagara Andreas , Wijaya Agustinus Fritz
Published: July 2020

Yayasan Eka Tjipta merupakan suatu organisasi nirlaba yang berada di bawah bendera perusahaan Sinarmas. Tugas utama dari Yayasan Eka Tjipta adalah memberikan beasiswa kepada mahasiswa-mahasiswa dari universitas yang bekerjasama dengan Yayasan Eka Tjipta. Saat ini proses bisnis Yayasan Eka Tjipta yang menggunakan komputer masih saja menemui beberapa masalah, seperti database sistem yang tidak terupdate datanya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan audit dan analisis terhadap tata kelola teknologi informasi yang ada sehingga kekurangan tata kelola teknologi informasi pada Yayasan Eka Tjipta dapat diperbaiki lebih lagi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah rekomendasi dari permasalahan penggunaan tata kelola teknologi informasi di Yayasan Eka Tjipta. Dalam pelaksanaan audit, digunakan pendekatan dengan COBIT 5 dengan 3 responden dari beberapa divisi Yayasan Eka Tjipta dan menggunakan metode mix method serta kuesioner untuk pengambilan datanya. Penelitian ini berfokus pada domain DSS (Deliver, Support, and Service) dengan 6 sub domain yang berbicara tentang pemberian layanan teknologi informasi serta dukungannya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa 4 sub domain masih berada di level 1 (Performed Process) dan 2 sisanya berada di level 2 (Managed Process) dan level 3 (Established Process).
SISTEM PAKAR CERTAINTY FACTOR DALAM MENDIAGNOSIS INDIKASI PENYAKIT KATARAK PADA ANAK
Authors: Permana Randy , Sovia Rini , Putra Hanippa Prima
Published: July 2020

Sistem pakar merupakan salah satu bagian dari cabang ilmu kecerdasan buatan yang mengombinasikan pengalaman dan mesin inferensi untuk mendapatkan suatu pengetahuan. Dengan membangun sistem pakar, pengguna bisa mendapatkan pengetahuan yang bersumber dari sistem sama seperti bertemu dengan seorang pakar yang sebenarnya. Terdapat banyak kasus yang dapat dipecahkan oleh sistem pakar antara lain : kesehatan, pertanian, peternakan, otomotif, eletronik dan masih banyak lagi yang lainnya. Pada penelitian ini sistem pakar menerapkan metode certainty factor atau yang disebut dengan faktor kepastian, merupakan metode berbentuk metrik untuk membuktikan apakah suatu fakta yang diberikan pengguna pasti atau tidak dengan yang terdapat di dalam sistem pakar. Kasus yang akan dipecahkan oleh sistem pakar ini adalah pendeteksian secara dini terhadap penyakit katarak yang rentan menyerang bayi maupun anak di bawah umur. Penyakit katarak pada anak umumnya disebabkan oleh beberapa hal seperti kelahiran bayi secara prematur, Ibu yang mengandung mengidap rubella atau toksoplasma, dan juga termasuk makanan yang dikonsumsi oleh ibu yang sedang mengandung. Hasil dari Sistem pakar ini akan menyimpulkan apakah seorang anak menderita penyakit katarak Congenital, Juvenile, Traumatic ataupun tidak sama sekali berdasarkan gejala yang dipilih oleh seorang pengguna berdasarkan nilai keyakinan yang dimiliki oleh seorang pengguna.
DAMPAK IMPLEMENTASI ISO/IEC 20000 PADA PERUSAHAAN PT. VISIONET DATA INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Priyohutomo Andreas Niko , Sitokdana Melkior Nikolar Ngalumsine
Published: July 2020

PT Visionet Data Internasional merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang Information Technology (IT) yang melayani jasa total managed service. Dalam mewujudkan visi dan misi perusahaan yang efektif, perlu adanya IT Service Management (ITSM) yang memanfaatkan Teknologi Informasi yang berguna untuk memberikan informasi yang berkualitas untuk pelanggannya. Proses manajemen layanan informasi yang diberikan berupa jasa pembuatan, perbaikan dan pengembangan perangkat di bidang IT. Salah satu ITSM bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan ISO 20000. PT Visionet Data International telah menggunakan ISO 20000 sebagai framework service pada perusahaanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif terhadap IT Compliance sebagai sumber informasi untuk penelitian ini. Pada penelitian ini menghasilkan dampak implementasi penggunaan, temuan, dan rekomendasi setelah mengimplementasikan ISO 20000 pada perusahaan PT Visionet Data International. Dalam penelitian ini, menghasilkan beberapa temuan yaitu belum semua business unit menggunakan ITSM ISO 20000, kurangnya jumlah dan pengalaman SDM dalam mengimplementasikan ITSM ISO 20000. Dari hasil penelitian ini, untuk merekomendasi penerapan ITSM ISO 20000 untuk semua business unit, open recruitment dan adanya training untuk karyawan.
SISTEM INFORMASI PENGELOLAAN TRANSPORTASI PENGIRIMAN BBM PADA PT. RATAH INDAH SAMARINDA
Authors: Hakim Ahmad Rofiq , Yusnita Amelia , Diawati Elys
Published: July 2020

Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Transportasi Pengiriman BBM merupakan sistem yang dibangun untuk proses pengiriman BBM berupa input data BBM, data konsumen, data distributor, transaksi pemasukkan BBM dan transaksi pengiriman BBM serta pelaporannya.

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada PT. Ratah Indah Samarinda yang beralokasi di Samarinda dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yaitu metode pengumpulan data, studi lapangan, studi pustaka, analisis kebutuhan, desain sistem, dan implementasi sistem.

Pada penelitian ini telah dibuat Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Transportasi Pengiriman BBM dengan desain sistem mengunakan Flow Of Document (FOD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD) dan Hirachy Plus Input Process Output (HIPO). Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan yaitu SDLC dan metode pengujian menggunakan Black Box. Aplikasi Ini dibangun menggunakan software yaitu Bahasa Pemrograman Visual Basic 6.0, database yang digunakan Microsoft Access 2007. Sistem yang dibangun beroperasi pada Sistem Operasi Windows.

Dari hasil implementasi sistem, disimpulkan bahwa dengan penggunaan software dapat membantu dalam proses pengiriman BBM pada PT. Ratah Indah Samarinda. Serta penulis memberikan saran agar PT. Ratah Indah Samarinda membuat koneksi jaringan komputer ke masing-masing bagian untuk memudahkan pengolahan data.
Uso de Identificadores Persistentes e Research Blogging por Blogues Científicos em Língua Portuguesa e sua cobertura pela Altmetric
Authors: Silva José Antônio Dias da , Gouveia Fabio Castro
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: investiga o uso de identificadores persistentes e Research Blogging pela blogosfera científica em língua portuguesa e sua cobertura pela Altmetric por intermédio de um levantamento das citações de artigos em suas postagens.Métodos: Partindo da lista de blogues cadastrados no portal Anel de Blogs Científicos (ABC), foram efetuadas buscas no Google com o objetivo de identificar os blogues em português que citam em suas postagens artigos com identificadores persistentes como o DOI, PMID ou ArXiv, ou que integram a iniciativa Research Blogging que vincula postagens com citações de pesquisas em revistas acadêmicas.Resultados: Os dados sistematizados permitiram realizar consultas no sítio da Altmetric e verificar a sua cobertura. Como resultado levantamos que dos 460 blogues listados no ABC, apenas 109 blogues fizeram citações com identificadores persistentes, 35 participavam da iniciativa Research Blogging e 42 eram mapeados pela Altmetric. Discussões sobre a representatividade dos blogues científicos em português na comunicação científica foram conduzidas com base nos resultados apurados.Conclusões: A falta de padronização das citações em blogues foi apontada como um dos fatores responsáveis pela baixa cobertura dos blogues de língua portuguesa pelo indicador altmétrico. Foi indicada também uma possível ação para minorar esta sub-representação da blogosfera em língua portuguesa.
A latitudinal gradient in herbivore resistance in common sunflower, Helianthus annuus (Asteraceae)
Authors: Beaton Laura L.
Published: July 2020

Background and aims – The intensity of herbivory is expected to decline with increasing latitude. As herbivory varies spatially and over time, a reliable method of assessing the intensity of herbivory is to examine the degree of herbivore resistance in the plant community. Latitudinal gradients in resistance to herbivory were examined in wild populations of common sunflower, Helianthus annuus. Materials and methods – Seeds from 23 different latitudes, ranging from 20 to 44°N, were obtained from the USDA’s Germplasm Resources Information Network. Plants were grown in a greenhouse for nine weeks. At that time, the size (height, leaf length, number of leaves) and resistance of each plant to herbivory (determined through a bioassay using a generalist herbivore, Helicoverpa zea was assessed. Key results – Resistance to herbivory decreased significantly with latitude, while plant size, as indicated by height, was positively correlated with latitude and negatively correlated with both temperature and resistance to herbivory.Conclusion – Populations from lower latitudes exhibited elevated resistance to herbivory and slower growth, suggesting first, that herbivory is more intense at lower latitudes and second, that there is a tradeoff between growth and defense.
Technical note: Equilibrium droplet size distributions in a turbulent cloud chamber with uniform supersaturation
Authors: Krueger Steven K.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In a laboratory cloud chamber that is undergoing Rayleigh–Bénard convection,
supersaturation is produced by isobaric mixing.
When aerosols (cloud condensation nuclei) are injected into the chamber at a constant rate,
and the rate of droplet activation is balanced by the rate of droplet loss,
an equilibrium droplet size distribution (DSD) can be achieved.
We derived analytic equilibrium DSDs and probability density functions (PDFs) of droplet radius and squared radius for conditions that could occur in such a turbulent cloud chamber when there is uniform supersaturation.
We neglected the effects of droplet curvature and solute on the droplet growth rate.
The loss rate due to fallout that we used assumes that
(1) the droplets are well-mixed by turbulence,
(2) when a droplet becomes sufficiently close to the lower boundary, the droplet's terminal velocity determines its probability of fallout per unit time, and
(3) a droplet's terminal velocity follows Stokes' law (so it is proportional to its radius squared).
Given the chamber height, the analytic PDF is determined by the mean supersaturation alone.
From the expression for the PDF of the radius, we obtained analytic expressions for the first five moments of the radius, including moments for truncated DSDs.
We used statistics from a set of measured DSDs to check for consistency with the analytic PDF.
We found consistency between the theoretical and measured moments, but only when the truncation radius of the measured DSDs was taken into account.
This consistency
allows us to infer the mean supersaturations that would produce the measured PDFs in the absence of supersaturation fluctuations.
We found that accounting for the truncation radius of the measured DSDs is particularly important when comparing the theoretical and measured relative dispersions of the droplet radius.
We also included some additional quantities derived from the analytic DSD:
droplet sedimentation flux,
precipitation flux, and
condensation rate.
An investigation on hygroscopic properties of 15 black carbon (BC)-containing particles from different carbon sources: roles of organic and inorganic components
Authors: Wang Minli , Chen Yiqun , Fu Heyun , Qu Xiaolei , Li Bengang , Tao Shu , Zhu Dongqiang
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The hygroscopic behavior of black carbon (BC)-containing particles (BCPs)
has a significant impact on global and regional climate change. However, the
mechanism and factors controlling the hygroscopicity of BCPs from different
carbon sources are not well understood. Here, we systematically measured the
equilibrium and kinetics of water uptake by 15 different BCPs (10
herb-derived BCPs, 2 wood-derived BCPs, and 3 soot-type BCPs) using
a gravimetric water vapor sorption method combined with in situ diffuse
reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). In the
gravimetric analysis, the sorption–desorption equilibrium isotherms were
measured under continuous-stepwise water vapor pressure conditions, while
the kinetics was measured at a variety of humidity levels obtained by
different saturated aqueous salt solutions. The equilibrium water uptake of
the tested group of BCPs at high relative humidity (>80 %)
positively correlated to the dissolved mineral content (0.01–13.0 wt %)
(R2=0.86, P=0.0001), the content of the thermogravimetrically
analyzed organic carbon (OCTGA, 4.48–15.25 wt %) (R2=0.52,
P=0.002), and the content of the alkali-extracted organic carbon
(OCAE, 0.14–8.39 wt %) (R2=0.80, P=0.0001). In contrast,
no positive correlation was obtained with the content of total organic
carbon or elemental carbon. Among the major soluble ionic constituents,
chloride and ammonium were each correlated with the equilibrium water uptake
at high relative humidity. Compared with the herbal BCPs and soot, the woody
BCPs had much lower equilibrium water uptake, especially at high relative
humidity, likely due to the very low dissolved mineral content and OC
content. The DRIFTS analysis provided generally consistent results at low
relative humidity. The kinetics of water uptake (measured by
pseudo-second-order rate constant) correlated to the content of OCTGA
and OCAE as well as the content of chloride and ammonium at low
relative humidity (33 %) but to the porosity of BCPs at high relative
humidity (94 %). This was the first study to show that BCPs of different
types and sources had greatly varying hygroscopic properties.
First validation of GOME-2/MetOp Absorbing Aerosol Height using EARLINET lidar observations
Authors: Michailidis Konstantinos , Koukouli Maria-Elissavet , Siomos Nikolaos , Balis Dimitrios , Tuinder Olaf , Tilstra L. Gijsbert , Mona Lucia , Pappalardo Gelsomina , Bortoli Daniele
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of GOME-2 instruments on board the MetOpA, MetOpB and MetOpC platforms, to deliver accurate geometrical features of lofted aerosol layers. For this purpose, we use archived ground-based lidar data from lidar stations available fromEuropean Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) database. The data are post-processed with the wavelet covariance transform (WCT) method in order to extract geometrical features such as the Planetary Boundary Layer, PBL, height and the cloud boundaries. To obtain a significant number of collocated and coincident GOME-2 – EARLINET cases for the period between January 2007 and September 2019, fourteenlidar stations, distributed over different European latitudes, contributed to this validation. For the 172 carefully screened collocations, the mean bias was found to be −0.18 ± 1.68 km, with a near Gaussian distribution. On a station-basis, and with a couple of exceptions where very few collocations were found, their mean biases fall in the ± 1 km range with an associated standard deviation between 0.5 and 1.5 km. Considering the differences, mainly due to the temporal collocation and the difference between the satellite pixel size and the point view of the ground-based observations, these results are quite promising and demonstrating that stable and extended aerosol layers as captured by the satellite sensors, are verified by the ground-based data. We further present an in-depth analysis of a strong and long-lasting Saharan dust intrusion over the Iberian Peninsula. We show that for, this well-developed and spatially well-spread aerosol layer, most GOME-2 retrievals fall within 1 km of the exactly temporally collocated lidar observation for the entire range of 0 to 150 km radii. This finding further testifies to the capabilities of the MetOp-born instruments to sense the atmospheric aerosol layer height.
Exploration of machine learning methods for the classification of infrared limb spectra of polar stratospheric clouds
Authors: Sedona Rocco , Hoffmann Lars , Spang Reinhold , Cavallaro Gabriele , Griessbach Sabine , Höpfner Michael , Book Matthias , Riedel Morris
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play a key role in polar ozone depletion in the
stratosphere. Improved observations and continuous monitoring of PSCs can help to validate and
improve chemistry–climate models that are used to predict the evolution of the polar ozone
hole. In this paper, we explore the potential of applying machine learning (ML) methods to
classify PSC observations of infrared limb sounders. Two datasets were considered in this
study. The first dataset is a collection of infrared spectra captured in Northern Hemisphere
winter 2006/2007 and Southern Hemisphere winter 2009 by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive
Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instrument on board the European Space Agency's (ESA) Envisat satellite. The second dataset is the
cloud scenario database (CSDB) of simulated MIPAS spectra. We first performed an initial analysis
to assess the basic characteristics of the CSDB and to decide which features to extract from
it. Here, we focused on an approach using brightness temperature differences (BTDs). From both
the measured and the simulated infrared spectra, more than 10 000 BTD features were
generated. Next, we assessed the use of ML methods for the reduction of the dimensionality of this
large feature space using principal component analysis (PCA) and kernel principal component
analysis (KPCA) followed by a classification with the support vector machine (SVM). The random
forest (RF) technique, which embeds the feature selection step, has also been used as
a classifier. All methods were found to be suitable to retrieve information on the composition of
PSCs. Of these, RF seems to be the most promising method, being less prone to overfitting and
producing results that agree well with established results based on conventional classification
methods.
McRALI: a Monte Carlo high spectral resolution lidar and Doppler radar simulator for three-dimensional cloudy atmosphere remote sensing
Authors: Szczap Frédéric , Alkasem Alaa , Mioche Guillaume , Shcherbakov Valery , Cornet Céline , Delanoë Julien , Gour Yahya , Jourdan Olivier , Banson Sandra , Bray Edouard
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to present the Monte-Carlo code McRALI that provides simulations, under multiple scattering regimes of polarized high spectral resolution (HRS) lidar as well as Doppler radar observations for three-dimensional (3D) cloudy atmosphere. The effects of non-uniform beam filling (NUBF) on HSR lidar and Doppler radar signals related to the EarthCARE mission are investigated with the help of an academic 3D box-cloud, characterized by a single isolated jump in cloud optical depth, assuming vertically constant wind velocity. Regarding Doppler radar signals, it is confirmed that NUBF induces a severe bias in velocity estimates. The correlation of the NUBF bias of Doppler velocity with the horizontal gradient of reflectivity shows a correlation coefficient value around 0.15 m s−1(dBZ km−1)−1 close to that given in scientific literature. Regarding HSR lidar signals, we confirm that multiple scattering processes are not negligible. We show that NUBF effects on molecular, particulate and total attenuated backscatter are mainly due to unresolved variability of cloud inside the receiver field of view, and to a lesser extent, to the horizontal photon transport. This finding gives some insight into the reliability of lidar signal modelling using independent column approximation (ICA).
Evaluation of optical particulate matter sensors under realistic conditions of strong and mild urban pollution
Authors: Masic Adnan , Bibic Dzevad , Pikula Boran , Blazevic Almir , Huremovic Jasna , Zero Sabina
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In this paper we evaluate characteristics of three optical particulate matter sensors/sizers (OPS): high-end spectrometer 11-D (Grimm, Germany), low-cost sensor OPC-N2 (Alphasense, United Kingdom) and in-house developed MAQS which is based on another low-cost sensor – PMS5003 (Plantower, China), under realistic conditions of strong and mild urban pollution. Results were compared against a reference gravimetric system, based on Gemini (Dadolab, Italy), 2.3 m3/h air sampler, with two channels (simultaneously measuring PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations). The measurements were performed in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina, from December 2019 until May 2020. This interval is divided into period 1 – strong pollution (December 2019–March 2020) and period 2 – mild pollution (March 2020–May 2020). The city of Sarajevo is one of the most polluted cities in Europe in terms of aerosols: the average concentration of PM2.5 during the period 1 was 83 μg/m3, with daily aveverage values exceeding 500 μg/m3. During period 2, the average concentration of PM2.5 was 20 μg/m3. These conditions represent a good opportunity to test optical devices against reference instrument in a wide range of ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations. The effect of an in-house developed diffusion dryer for 11-D is discussed as well. In order to analyze the mass distribution of aerosols, a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) spectrometer, which together with the 11-D spectrometer gives the full spectrum from nanoparticles of diameter 10 nm to coarse particles of diameter 35 μm, was used. All tested devices showed excellent correlation with the reference instrument in period 1, with R2 values between 0.90 and 0.99 for daily average PM concentrations. However, in period 2, where the range of concentrations was much narrower, R2 values decreased significantly, to values from 0.28 to 0.92. We have also included results of a 13.5 month long-term comparison of our MAQS sensor with a nearby beta attenuation monitor (BAM) 1020 (Met One Instruments, USA) operated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), which showed similar correlation and no observable change of performance over time.
Statistical study of linear magnetic hole structures near Earth
Authors: Volwerk Martin , Mautner David , Simon Wedlund Cyril , Goetz Charlotte , Plaschke Ferdinand , Karlsson Tomas , Schmid Daniel , Rojas-Castillo Diana
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The MMS1 data for 8 months in the winter periods of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019, when MMS had its apogee in the upstream solar wind of the Earth's bow shock, are used to study Linear Magnetic Holes (LMHs). These LMHs are characterized by a magnetic depression of more than 50 % and a rotation of the background magnetic field of less then 10°. 426 LMHs are found and, based on their magnetoplasma characteristics, are split into three categories: cold (increase in density, little change in ion temperature), hot (increase in ion temperature, decrease in density) and sign change (at least one magnetic field component changes sign). The occurrence rate of LMHs is 2.3 per day. All LMHs are basically in pressure balance with the ambient plasma. Most of the linear magnetic holes are found in ambient plasmas that are stable against the mirror-mode generation, but only half of the holes are mirror-mode stable inside.
Seawater pH reconstruction using boron isotopes in multiple planktonic foraminifera species with different depth habitats and their potential to constrain pH and pCO2 gradients
Authors: Guillermic Maxence , Misra Sambuddha , Eagle Robert , Villa Alexandra , Chang Fengming , Tripati Aradhna
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Boron isotope systematics of planktonic foraminifera from core-top sediments
and culture experiments have been studied to investigate the sensitivity of
δ11B of calcite tests to seawater pH. However, our knowledge of
the relationship between δ11B and pH remains incomplete for
many taxa. Thus, to expand the potential scope of application of this proxy,
we report δ11B data for seven different species of planktonic
foraminifera from sediment core tops. We utilize a method for the
measurement of small samples of foraminifera and calculate the δ11B-calcite sensitivity to pH for Globigerinoides ruber, Trilobus sacculifer (sacc or without sacc), Orbulina universa,
Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Globorotalia menardii, and Globorotalia tumida, including for unstudied core tops and species. These taxa have
diverse ecological preferences and are from sites that span a range of
oceanographic regimes, including some that are in regions of air–sea
equilibrium and others that are out of equilibrium with the atmosphere. The
sensitivity of δ11Bcarbonate to δ11Bborate (e.g., Δδ11Bcarbonate∕Δδ11Bborate) in core tops is consistent with previous
studies for T. sacculifer and G. ruber and close to unity for N. dutertrei, O. universa, and combined deep-dwelling
species. Deep-dwelling species closely follow the core-top calibration for
O. universa, which is attributed to respiration-driven microenvironments likely caused
by light limitation and/or symbiont–host interactions. Our data support the
premise that utilizing boron isotope measurements of multiple species within
a sediment core can be utilized to constrain vertical profiles of pH and
pCO2 at sites spanning different oceanic regimes, thereby constraining
changes in vertical pH gradients and yielding insights into the past
behavior of the oceanic carbon pumps.
Simulating Lake Tanganyika's hydrodynamics under a changing climate
Authors: Sterckx Kevin , Delandmeter Philippe , Lambrechts Jonathan , Deleersnijder Eric , Thiery Wim
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Lake Tanganyika is the second oldest (oldest basin of the lake is 9–12 million years old), second deepest (1470 m) lake in the world. It holds 16 % of the world's liquid freshwater. Approximately 100 000 people are directly involved in the fisheries operating from almost 800 sites along its shores. Despite the vital importance of Lake Tanganyika and other African inland waters for local communities, very little is known about the impacts of future climate change on the functioning of these lacustrine systems. This is remarkable, as projected future changes in climate and associated weather conditions are likely to influence the hydrodynamics of African water bodies, with impacts cascading into ecosystem functioning, fish availability and water quality. Here we project the future changes in the hydrodynamics of Lake Tanganyika under a high-end emission scenario using the 3D version of the Second-generation Louvain-la-Neuve Ice-ocean Model (SLIM 3D) forced by a highresolution regional climate model. We first show the added value of 3D simulations compared to previously obtained 1D model results. The simulated interseasonal variability of the lake with this 3D model explains how the current mixing system works. A short-term present-day simulation (10 years) shows that the 75 m deep thermocline moves upward in the south of the lake until the lower layer reaches the lake surface during August and September. Two 30-year simulations have been performed (one with present day and one with future conditions), such that a comparison can be made between the current situation and the situation at the end of the 21st century. The results show that the surface water temperature increases on average by 3 ± 0.5 K. The latter influences the hydrodynamics in the top 150 m of the lake, namely the bottom of the thermocline does not longer surface. This temperature-induced stratification fully shuts down the earlier explained mixing mechanism.
A New View of Heat Wave Dynamics and Predictability over the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Hochman Assaf , Scher Sebastian , Quinting Julian , Pinto Joaquim G. , Messori Gabriele
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Skillful forecasts of extreme weather events have a major socio-economic relevance. Here, we compare two complementary approaches to diagnose the predictability of extreme weather: recent developments in dynamical systems theory and numerical ensemble weather forecasts. The former allows us to define atmospheric configurations in terms of their persistence and local dimension, which inform on how the atmosphere evolves to and from a given state of interest. These metrics may be used as proxies for the intrinsic predictability of the atmosphere, which depends exclusively on the atmosphere’s properties. Ensemble weather forecasts inform on the practical predictability of the atmosphere, which primarily depends on the performance of the numerical model used. We focus on heat waves affecting the Eastern Mediterranean. These are identified using the Climatic Stress Index (CSI), which was explicitly developed for the summer weather conditions in this region and differentiates between heat waves (upper decile) and cool days (lower decile). Significant differences are found between the two groups from both the dynamical systems and the numerical weather prediction perspectives. Specifically, heat waves show relatively stable flow characteristics (high intrinsic predictability), but comparatively low practical predictability (large model spread/error). For 500 hPa geopotential height fields, the intrinsic predictability of heat waves is lowest at the event’s onset and decay. We relate these results to the physical processes governing Eastern Mediterranean summer heat waves: adiabatic descent of the air parcels over the region and the geographical origin of the air parcels over land prior to the onset of a heat wave. A detailed analysis of the mid-August 2010 record-breaking heat wave provides further insights into the range of different regional atmospheric configurations conducive to heat waves. We conclude that the dynamical systems approach can be a useful complement to conventional numerical forecasts for understanding the dynamics of Eastern Mediterranean heat waves.
The baseline wander correction based on improved EEMD
algorithm for grounded electrical source airborne transient
electromagnetic signals
Authors: Li Yuan , Gao Song , Zhang Saimin , He Hu , Xian Pengfei , Yuan Chunmei
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The grounded electrical source airborne transient electromagnetic (GREATEM) system is an important method for obtaining subsurface conductivity distribution as well as outstanding detection efficiency and easy flight control. However, the signals are the superposition of useful signals and various noise signals. The baseline wander caused by the receiving coil motion always exists in the process of data acquisition to affect the measurement results. The baseline wander is one of the main noise sources of data, which has the low frequency, large amplitude, non-periodic and non-stationary and so on. Consequently, it is important to correction baseline wander for inversion explanation of GREATEM. In this paper, we propose improving method EEMD-AF based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) to correction baseline wander. The EEMD-AF method will decompose the electromagnetic signal into multi-stage intrinsic mode function (IMF) components and adaptively filter high-order IMF component which containing the baseline wander. To examine the performance of our introduced method, we used the EEMD-AF method for the signal baseline correction and compared with sym8 wavelet with 10 decomposition levels and EEMD with deleted higher-order components directly. The various methods were applied to process the synthetic data and field data. Through the evaluation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and mean-square-error (MSE), the correction result indicates that the signal using EEMD-AF method can get higher SNR and lower MSE. Comparing correctional signal using the EEMD-AF and the wavelet-based method in the anomaly curves profile images of the response signal, it is proved that the EEMD-AF method is a practical and effective method for removal of the baseline wander on GREATEM signal.
Development of an OMI AI data assimilation scheme for aerosol modeling over bright surfaces – a step toward direct radiance assimilation in the UV spectrum
Authors: Zhang Jianglong , Spurr Robert J. D. , Reid Jeffrey S. , Xian Peng , Colarco Peter R. , Campbell James R. , Hyer Edward J. , Baker Nancy
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Using the Vector LInearized Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer (VLIDORT) code as the main driver for forward model simulations, a first-of-its-kind data assimilation scheme has been developed for assimilating Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aerosol index (AI) measurements into the Naval Aerosol Analysis and Predictive System (NAAPS). This study suggests both RMSE and absolute errors can be significantly reduced in NAAPS analyses with the use of OMI AI data assimilation, when compared to values from NAAPS natural runs. Improvements in model simulations demonstrate the utility of OMI AI data assimilation for improving the accuracy of aerosol model analysis over cloudy regions and bright surfaces. However, the OMI AI data assimilation alone does not out-perform aerosol data assimilation that uses passive-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) products over cloud free skies and dark surfaces. Further, as AI assimilation requires the deployment of a fully-multiple-scatter-aware radiative transfer model in the forward simulations, computational burden is an issue. Nevertheless, the newly-developed modeling system contains the necessary ingredients for assimilation of radiances in the ultra-violet (UV) spectrum, and our study shows the potential of direct radiance assimilation at both UV and visible spectrums, possibly coupled with AOD assimilation, for aerosol applications in the future. Additional data streams can be added, including data from TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) and eventually with the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud and ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission.
Near Real-Time Automated Classification of Seismic Signals of Slope Failures with Continuous Random Forests
Authors: Wenner Michaela , Hibert Clément , Meier Lorenz , Walter Fabian
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In mountainous areas, mass movements such as rockfalls, rock avalanches, and debris flows constitute a risk to prop- erty and human life. Seismology has evolved into a standard tool to study temporal and spatial variability of mass movements in recent years. Increasing data volumes and the demand for near real-time monitoring call for automated techniques to detect and classify seismic signals generated by such events. Ideally, a large-aperture seismic array recording a significant number of events is available for such applications. This is, however, rarely the case, as a result of cost and time constraints. For most sites, the number of previously recorded slope failures is low, which impedes a reliable application of classification algorithms. Here, we use supervised random forest to classify windowed seismic data on a continuous data stream of a small seismic array, that was installed as a post-event intervention measure after a major rock avalanche. The presented method aims to facilitate data evaluation for stakeholders to detect an increase in slope activity in a near real-time manner. We define three different classes: Noise, slope failures, and earthquakes. Due to the sparsity of slope failures, the training data set is highly imbalanced. We find that several standard techniques to handle such data sets do not increase prediction accuracy. However, a lowering of the prediction threshold for slope failures leads to a prediction accuracy of 80 % for slope failures, 90 % for earthquakes, and 99 % for noise. The classifier is then used to classify 176 days of seismic recordings in 2019 containing four slope failure events. In total, the model classifies eight events as slope failures, of which three are actual slope failures. The other events are very local to regional earthquakes with relatively large magnitudes. One slope failure that has been reported by hikers is not classified as an event. This can be attributed to the small volume of the slope failure and thus low signal to noise ratio. We conclude that the method is suitable for continuous near real-time seismic monitoring.
Marine climate change over the eastern Agulhas Bank of South Africa
Authors: Jury Mark R.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The rate of change in the marine environment along the south coast of South Africa (32–37 S, 20–30 E) is studied using reanalysis observations 1900–2015 and coupled ensemble model projections 1980–2100. Outcomes are influenced by resolution and time-span: ~1 degree datasets covering the whole period capture large-scale changes, while ~0.5 degree datasets in the satellite era better distinguish the cross-shelf gradients. Although sea surface temperatures off-shore are warming rapidly (.05 °C/yr since 1980), a trend toward easterly winds and a stronger Agulhas Current have intensified near-shore upwelling (-.03 °C/yr). The sub-tropical ridge during summer is drawn poleward by global warming and high phase southern oscillation index. Cooler inshore sea temperatures suppress latent heat flux and contribute to coastal desiccation (-.005 mm day−1/yr) and vegetation warming (.1 °C/yr) since 1980. Coupled ensemble projections from the Hadley and European models indicate that the shift toward drier weather and easterly winds may be sustained through the 21st century.
The enigmatic curvature of Central Iberia and its puzzling kinematics
Authors: Pastor-Galán Daniel , Gutiérrez-Alonso Gabriel , Weil Arlo B.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The collision between Gondwana and Laurussia that formed the latest
supercontinent, Pangea, occurred during Devonian to early Permian times and
resulted in a large-scale orogeny that today transects Europe, northwest
Africa, and eastern North America. This orogen is characterized by an “S”
shaped corrugated geometry in Iberia. The northern curve of the corrugation
is the well-known and studied Cantabrian (or Ibero–Armorican) Orocline and
is convex to the east and towards the hinterland. Largely ignored for
decades, the geometry and kinematics of the southern curvature, known as the
Central Iberian curve, are still ambiguous and hotly debated. Despite the
paucity of data, the enigmatic Central Iberian curvature has inspired a
variety of kinematic models that attempt to explain its formation but with
little consensus. This paper presents the advances and milestones in our
understanding of the geometry and kinematics of the Central Iberian curve
from the last decade with particular attention to structural and
paleomagnetic studies. When combined, the currently available datasets suggest that the Central
Iberian curve did not undergo regional differential vertical-axis rotations
during or after the latest stages of the Variscan orogeny and did not form
as the consequence of a single process. Instead, its core is likely a
primary curve (i.e., inherited from previous physiographic features of the
Iberian crust), whereas the curvature in areas outside the core is dominated
by folding interference from the Variscan orogeny or more recent Cenozoic
(Alpine) tectonic events.
Mantle flow below the central and greater Alpine region: insights from SKS anisotropy analysis at AlpArray and permanent stations
Authors: Petrescu Laura , Pondrelli Silvia , Salimbeni Simone , Faccenda Manuele ,   the AlpArray Working Group
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The Alpine chain in western and central Europe is a
complex orogen developed as a result of the African–Adriatic plate
convergence towards the European continent and the closure of several Tethys
oceanic branches. Seismic tomography studies detected high-wave-speed slabs
plunging beneath the orogen to variable depths and a potential change in
subduction polarity beneath the Central Alps. Alpine subduction is expected
to leave a significant imprint on the surrounding mantle fabrics, although
deformation associated with the Hercynian Orogeny, which affected Europe
prior to the collision with Adria, may have also been preserved in the
European lithosphere. Here we estimate SKS anisotropy beneath the central
and greater Alpine region at 113 broadband seismic stations from the
AlpArray experiment as well as permanent networks from Italy, Switzerland,
Austria, Germany, and France. We compare the new improved dataset with
previous studies of anisotropy, mantle tomography, lithospheric thickness,
and absolute plate motion, and we carry out Fresnel analysis to place
constraints on the depth and origin of anisotropy. Most SKS directions
parallel the orogen strike and the orientation of the Alpine slabs, rotating
clockwise from west to east along the chain, from −45 to
90∘ over a ∼700 km distance. No significant changes are
recorded in Central Alps at the location of the putative switch in
subduction polarity, although a change in direction variability suggests
simple asthenospheric flow or coupled deformation in the Swiss Central Alps
transitions into more complex structures beneath the Eastern Alps. SKS fast
axes follow the trend of high seismic anomalies across the Alpine Front, far
from the present-day boundary, suggesting slabs act as flow barriers to the
ambient mantle surrounding them for hundreds of km. Further north across the
foreland, SKS fast axes parallel Hercynian geological structures and are
orthogonal to the Rhine Graben and crustal extension. However, large
splitting delay times (>1.4 s) are incompatible with a purely
lithospheric contribution but rather represent asthenospheric flow not
related to past deformational events. West of the Rhine Graben, in
northeastern France, anisotropy directions are spatially variable in the
proximity of a strong positive seismic anomaly in the upper mantle, perhaps
perturbing the flow field guided by the nearby Alpine slabs.
What do we know about how the terrestrial multicellular soil fauna reacts to microplastic?
Authors: Büks Frederick , Loes van Schaik Nicolette , Kaupenjohann Martin
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The ubiquitous accumulation of microplastic (MP) particles across
all global ecosystems accompanies their uptake into soil food webs. In
this review, we analyzed studies on passive translocation, active ingestion,
bioaccumulation and adverse effects within the phylogenetic tree of
multicellular soil faunal life. The representativity of these studies for
natural soil ecosystems was assessed using data on the type of plastic,
the shape, the composition, the concentration and the time of exposure. Available studies cover a wide range of soil organisms, with emphasis on
earthworms, nematodes, springtails, beetles and lugworms, each focused on
well-known model organisms. Thus, about 58 % of the studies used
inappropriate concentrations or units, whereas 42 % applied MP concentrations
similar to amounts in slightly to very heavily polluted soils. In many
cases, however, polystyrene microspheres were used, which represent a combination of
plastic type and shape that is easily available but does not reflect the
main plastic input into soil ecosystems. In turn, MP fibers are strongly
underrepresented compared with their high abundance within contaminated soils.
A few studies also examined the comminution of macroplastic by the soil
fauna. Further properties of plastic such as aging, coating and additives
have been insufficiently documented. Despite these limitations, there is a
recurring pattern of active intake followed by a population shift within the
gut microbiome and adverse effects on motility, growth, metabolism,
reproduction and mortality in various combinations, especially at high
concentrations and small particle sizes. For the improvement of future studies, we identified the problems with past
experiments, and we recommend that coming studies consider the type,
shape, grade of aging, specific concentrations of MP fractions and long-term
incubation in both natural and contaminated soils.