bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects for reducing energy costs during the transition to a new technological structure in modern urban homes
Authors: Shvetsov Alexey
Published: December 2023

The study analyzed the prospects for reducing energy costs during the transition to a new technological structure in modern urban homes. One of the sources of energy consumption in modern homes are sound reproduction devices; as a rule, the number of such devices in a separate living space is >10. Aspects of increasing energy efficiency in modern cities based on the transition to a new technological structure of residents include the abandonment of more energy-consuming wired acoustic devices and the transition to wireless devices. Data were obtained reflecting indicators of the prospects for the transition to wireless acoustic devices in modern cities. The results of the study may be of interest to companies producing acoustic devices and when conducting research in this area. In addition, these studies may be of interest to researchers and design companies conducting work in the development of acoustic systems for residents of modern cities.
Ice collars around freezing in the ice hydrotechnical structures
Authors: Sharapov Dmitry
Published: December 2023

Arctic engineering projects pose unique challenges due to severe cold conditions and the presence of ice. Among the critical factors affecting offshore constructions in these regions, ice loads stand out as a primary concern. Accurate estimation of ice loads is essential to ensure safe and cost-effective operation of marine structures in icy environments. One specific ice formation that significantly influences the total design load on marine structures is the ice collar. Ice collars are thicker thermodeveloped ice formations that occur around marine structures with high thermal conductivity when level ice stops moving. The presence of ice collars can considerably alter the total load on the structure, demanding careful consideration during the design process. Various methods to manage ice collars’ impact on marine structures exist, including mechanical removal, specialized cover layers, heating systems, and design adaptations. Numerical modeling proves valuable in predicting ice collar growth and its influence on load distribution. Implementing appropriate mitigation strategies ensures the continuous operability and structural integrity of marine installations in ice-prone regions.
Analysis of environmental problems based on social media data (on the example of atmospheric air quality)
Authors: Shchekotin Evgeniy
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the state and the prospects of two new methods to study the environmental issues: Internet ecology (iEcology) and conservation culturomics. Both approaches are very similar; both of them are based on the big data analysis, which is not directly meant to study and solve environmental issues (publications in social networks, Internet search, photos and videos posted on Internet platforms, etc.). The authors offer the methodology to study environmental issues (as exemplified by the quality of the atmospheric air) based on the data from the VK social network and machine learning algorithms. For the content analysis we used PolyAnalyst software. The results of the analysis of publications on the atmospheric air quality in the Magnitogorsk city for 2020-2022 are presented. We identified 433 messages characterizing the air condition in Magnitogorsk. Our research demonstrates that the ecological methods of conservation culturomics can contribute to the analysis of the environmental situation. Our results let us state that the issue of the atmospheric air quality is very important for the residents of Magnitogorsk. The social network data can be used as an additional source of information for the subjective assessment of the atmospheric air quality.words.
Algorithm for hydraulic system parameters of a dump truck
Authors: Dubinkin Dmitry , Arutyunyan Georgy , Kartashov Alexander
Published: December 2023

At the initial stage of designing a dump truck it is necessary to determine the main units and assemblies of the vehicle, their parameters and dimensions. One of the systems of the dump truck is the hydraulic system. When creating new dump trucks, there is a necessity to define parameters and characteristics of hydraulic system components. The peculiarity of quarry dump trucks, in contrast to dump trucks, which are used on public roads, is that the modes of their operation are different. Therefore, when creating new dump trucks, it is necessary to develop an algorithm for selecting and justifying the parameters of the hydraulic system at the early stages of design. The article substantiates the necessity of developing an algorithm for determining the parameters of the hydraulic system. The main hydraulic consumers are defined and the requirements of each of the consumers are presented. The algorithm of justification of the parameters of the hydraulic system of the quarry dump truck is described. Determination of the required pump capacity of the hydraulic system is described. The use of the described algorithm for justification of the hydraulic system parameters of the dump truck contributes to the reduction of terms of development of design documentation at the early stages of design.
Protecting energy industry web resources from dos attacks
Authors: Boldyrikhin Nikolay
Published: December 2023

This article is devoted to the development of a set of protective measures for detecting and countering DoS (Denial of Service) attacks on web services in the energy industry. The article consists of four sections. In the “Introduction” section, the relevance of the topic is substantiated, which is due to the high importance of the uninterrupted operation of enterprises in the energy industry. The “Materials and Methods” section provides a classification of common DoS attacks, algorithms, and recommendations for countering these attacks in energy industry information systems. In the “Results and Discussion” section, the main results of the research are formulated. In the “Conclusion” section, the possibilities of implementing the developed algorithms and perspectives are analyzed.
Concept of the “modified reality” for the sustainable development and environmental technologies
Authors: Ermakov Alexey , Sokolov Nikolai , Fedorov Alexander
Published: December 2023

The new concept named “Modified Reality” is discussed in this article. Sustainable development and environmental technologies will be important applications of the proposed concept. The proposed concept is focused on providing services in a user-friendly manner. In principle, the proposed solutions can be considered as an extension of the functionality defined by the concepts of “Augmented Reality” and “Virtual Reality”. Nevertheless, a number of features that led to the introduction of the term “Modified Reality” make it possible to single out this direction of further development of the telecommunication and information systems into a subject of independent research.
Digital Twin is a complex of microservices
Authors: Pysin Maxim , Lobanov Alexey
Published: December 2023

Industry 4.0 is an actively developing concept, of which the concept of the Digital Twin is becoming a part. The digital twin is a complex cyber-physical system that consists of many components. One of the main tasks in the construction of a twin is to organize the interaction of the parts of the twin with each other. Previously, an approach called the enterprise service bus was used, but over the years of its use it became clear that it is not suitable for constantly evolving and growing systems. The digital twin is just such a system and therefore it is required to use a different approach, called microservice. If we imagine the parts of the twin as a set of microservices, then it will be possible to create a system suitable for constant evolution and replacement of its parts. This approach was used to solve the problem of building a prototype digital twin of methanol production. The solution of this problem showed the possibility of using a microservice approach.
Information support for simulation of vibration drive control system
Authors: Gudratly Ilhama
Published: December 2023

To increase the effectiveness of the application of various types of vibration drives in the technological process, the issues of information provision were investigated to manage them in accordance with the requirements and limitations of the technological process, to ensure the adjustment of the vibration amplitude and frequency in necessary range. In this case, special attention was paid to the application of vibration drives with electromagnetic and motor exciter, which ensure the production of low-frequency mechanical oscillations, and to the directions of increasing the intelligence of these drives, and it is noted that the control of such drives based on deterministic and fuzzy mathematical models is more efficient. Based on the research results, the structure of information provision of database was developed. Proposed the structure of database for modeling and simulation of vibration drives in terms of the required information. It has been shown that to adjust the output amplitude of AC electromagnetic and asynchronous motor vibrators in accordance with the requirements of the technological process and to keep it stable within certain limits, it is advisable to apply controller-controlled frequency converters, and in a vibrator with DC motor to apply a voltage regulator or a pulse wide modulation regulator. The proposed structure of information provision, which plays the role of the main source for the development of appropriate management and control algorithms, is an effective tool for the development of a universal system to control various types of vibration drives applied in the entire technological process.
Influence of the radius of the generatrix of flank surface on the geometric parameters of the cutting wedge of the twist drill
Authors: Pivkin Petr , Grechishnikov Vladimir , Ershov Artem , Mironov Nikita
Published: December 2023

Drills with various flank surface shapes are widely used to machine holes. Drill teeth have flank surfaces of various shapes, flat, conical and helical. In this work, we have investigated the influence of radius of the generatriх in the form of a circular arc on the geometric parameters of the cutting wedge. It has been found that the range of changes in the clearance and rake angles along the cutting edge decreases with the decreasing radius of generatrix forming rake. It was found that a tool with a minimum permissible radius of curvature has the best distribution of rake and clearance angles of the blade along the cutting edge . The improvement reaches up to 40% compared conical flank surface. It was also found that in the case, when the generatrix radius decreases, the cutting edge increases by 18% compared to conical flank surface, which reduces the stress along the entire cutting wedge.
Features of the manufacturing technology of a multilayer tool with an ordered texture
Authors: Leonidov P.V.
Published: December 2023

The auto-oscillatory process in metal cutting is analysed in order to understand the nature of chip formation in turning and to evaluate the importance of ensuring the stability of the technological system in machining. The method of multilayer tooling with ordered texture is selected as one of the promising directions for solving this problem. Microfractographic analysis is carried out on fractures of specimens cut in transverse and longitudinal directions. The character of crack propagation at fracture by the ductile intragrain mechanism is established. The design of a holder of a penetrating cutter with inserts having a directed texture is proposed on the basis of studies of a multilayer tool with an ordered texture.
Factories of the future in the automotive industry of Russia: the balance between energy efficiency and digital development
Authors: Chudaeva A.A. , Svetkina I.A. , Zotova A.S. , Ivanenko L.V.
Published: December 2023

The paper studies the prospects for the introduction of advanced production technologies (APT) and new business models at the enterprises of the automotive industry of the Russian Federation in order to find the balance between the investments into the more efficient energy management of the industrial buildings and the financing of digitalization process in the model of “factories of the future”. It includes the study of the opportunities that appear in companies that are “factories of the future”, the analysis of the existing experience in the implementation of APT and energy efficiency tools at the enterprises of the automotive industry in Russia and Europe and the identification of the factors limiting widespread “factories of the future” at the moment. The authors present an economic view on the problem of integrating both advanced production technologies and new energy management models into the activities of the Russian automotive industry enterprises.
Circuit engineering solutions for high - temperature analog microcircuits in extreme environmental conditions
Authors: Dzhurov Alexandr , Lyashenko Kirill , Revyakina Elena , Cherckesova Larissa
Published: December 2023

The current geopolitical situation and import–substitution challenges facing the domestic electronics industry require the creation of devices capable of reliably functioning in extreme environmental conditions, at particularly high temperatures. When developing electronic devices that must function reliably in temperature range beyond the usual values, developers should rely on cooling, active or passive. There may be situations when cooling is impractical or impossible. The operation of the device in special temperature range, in some situations, makes perfect sense if it provides reduction in the cost of the device or increase in its reliability. In such situations, it is necessary to solve many complex problems, including semiconductor manufacturing technology, design and testing methods. The article examines the issues of creating high–temperature electronics components necessary for the long-term development of the domestic oil–and–gas and aerospace industries. Creation of import-substituting technologies for intelligent wells makes it possible to reduce significantly the cost of equipment. In aerospace industry, this problem is even more actual: the cost of “western” computing devices for use in space reaches half million euros, and under the conditions of sanctions, its purchase may not be available, while similar import-substituting domestic device is up to 10 times cheaper. Flights to near and far space require, in addition to high radiation resistance, the reliability of all spacecraft systems in the wide temperature range. Article presents technical characteristics of the main analog chips designed to operate at temperatures up to +125 ° C.
Study of (p,2p) fission reactions in inverse kinematics using the R3B set-up
Authors: García-Jiménez G. , Alvarez-Pol H. , Graña-González A. , Rodríguez-Sánchez J.L. , Benlliure J. , Cortina-Gil D. , Atar L. , Audouin L. , Authelet G. , Besteiro A. , Blanchon G. , Boretzky K. , Borge M.J.G. , Cabanelas P. , Casarejos E. , Cederkall J. , Chatillon A. , Corsi A. , Feijoo M. , De Filippo E. , Galaviz D. , Gasparic I. , Geraci E. , Gernhäuser R. , Gnoffo B. , Heil M. , Heinz A. , Hensel T. , Holl M. , Jelavic Malenica D. , Jenegger T. , Ji L. , Johansson H.T. , Kiselev O.A. , Klenze P. , Knyazev A. , Körper D. , Kröll T. , Lithar I. , Litvinov Y.A. , Löher B. , Martorana N. S. , Morfouace P. , Mücher D. , Murillo-Morales S. , Obertelli A. , Panin V. , Park J. , Paschalis S. , Perea A. , Petri M. , Pirrone S. , Ponnath L. , Revel A. , Rhee H. , Rose L. , Rossi D.M. , Russotto P. , Simon H. , Stott A. , Sun Y. , Sürder C. , Taïeb J. , Taniuchi R. , Tengblad O. , Törnqvist H.T. , Trimarchi M. , Velardita S. , Vesic J. , Voss B. ,   the R³B Collaboration
Published: December 2023

A new experimental fission approach is presented in the context of the R3B (Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams) collaboration, at the GSI/FAIR facility, in which knockout reactions in inverse kinematics are used to induce fission of 238U that will allow to characterise the excitation energy of the fission process and all the fission products. The CALIFA (CALorimeter for In-Flight detection of γ-rays and high energy charged pArticles) calorimeter, a key part of the R3B set-up, is used to reconstruct the momenta of the two protons from the (p, 2p) reactions. Preliminary results show that kinematic variables and first estimates for nucleon-removal cross sections are well reconstructed and in good agreement with other experimental measurements.
Torque acting on 252Cf fission fragments
Authors: Scamps Guillaume
Published: December 2023

The generation of angular momentum in the fission fragments is the subject of a renewal of interest since new experimental data [Wilson, et al.] shows that the magnitudes of the spins of the fragments are almost uncorrelated. In this proceeding, the collective potential perceived by the fission fragments is studied using static frozen Hartree-Fock calculation and the dynamic Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock. The results are in qualitative agreement with previous studies done in the case of the 240Pu.
Fragmentation-induced ﬁssion reactions of 236U in inverse kinematics to investigate the pre-fragment angular momentum parameterizations
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez J.L. , Feijoo M. , Benlliure J. , Chatillon A. , Taïeb J. , Audouin L. , Alvarez-Pol H. , Ayyad Y. , Bélier G. , Boutoux G. , Caamaño M. , Casarejos E. , Cortina-Gil D. , Farget F. , Fernández-Domínguez B. , Gorbinet T. , Grente L. , Heinz A. , Johansson H.T. , Jurado B. , Kelić-Heil A. , Körper D. , Kurz N. , Laurent B. , Lindberg S. , Löher B. , Martin J.-F. , Nociforo C. , Paradela C. , Pietri S. , Ramos D. , Rodríguez-Tajes C. , Simon H. , Törnqvist H.T. , Voss B. , Weick H. , Yan Y.
Published: December 2023

In the last decades, measurements of spallation, fragmentation and Coulex induced ﬁssion reactions in inverse kinematics have provided valuable data to accurately investigate the ﬁssion dynamics and nuclear structure at large deformations of a large variety of stable and non-stable heavy nuclei. The collected data were used to constrain dynamic and nuclear structure parameters of diﬀerent de-excitation models, such as ABLA and GEF, but the data can also be used to constrain the parameterizations describing the pre-fragment properties after the nuclear collision, such as the angular momentum gained by the pre-fragment. In this work, the ﬁssioning system yields are compared to calculations assuming diﬀerent parameterizations for modeling the angular momentum gained by the compound nuclei. Our ﬁndings indicate that the parameterizations utilized by abrasion models clearly underestimate the angular momentum, resulting in the underestimation of the production of lighter ﬁssioning systems.
The β-decay of 71Kr: Precise measurement of the half-life
Authors: Vitéz-Sveiczer A. , Algora A. , Kiss G.G. , Rubio B. , Morales A.I. , Sarriguren P. , de Angelis G. , Recchia F. , Nishimura S. , Agramunt J. , Guadilla V. , Montaner-Pizá A. , Orrigo S.E.A. , Horváth Á. , Napoli D. , Lenzi S. , Boso A. , Phong V. , Wu J. , Söderström P.-A. , Sumikama T. , Suzuki H. , Takeda H. , Ahn D.S. , Baba H. , Doornenbal P. , Fukuda N. , Inabe N. , Isobe T. , Kubo T. , Kubono S. , Sakurai H. , Shimizu Y. , Sidong C. , Blank B. , Ascher P. , Gerbaux M. , Goigoux T. , Giovinazzo J. , Grévy S. , Kurtukián Nieto T. , Magron C. , Gelletly W. , Dombrádi Zs. , Fujita Y. , Tanaka M. , Aguilera P. , Molina F. , Eberth J. , Diel F. , Lubos D. , Borcea C. , Ganioglu E. , Nishimura D. , Oikawa H. , Takei Y. , Yagi S. , Korten W. , de France G. , Davies P. , Liu J. , Lee J. , Lokotko T. , Kojouharov I. , Kurz N. , Shaffner H. , Petrovici A.
Published: December 2023

The very proton-rich 71Kr isotope was produced through the in-flight fragmentation of 78Kr on a beryllium target at RIKEN – Nishina Center in order to study its β-decay properties. A stack of double-sided silicon strip detectors, called WAS3ABi, was used as the decay station, where the detection of ion implants, β-decays and β-delayed protons took place. Beta-delayed γ-rays were measured using a system of 84 HPGe detectors, called EURICA, surrounding the decay station. The main goal of the present study was the precise measurement of the half-life of 71Kr, as in the literature there is an almost 10 σ difference between the most precise independent results. Implant–β time correlations, implant–proton time correlations and implant–β–γ time correlations were all used to derive the half-life value, followed by a thorough investigation of systematic uncertainties for each method. As these values were found to be consistent, the weighted average t1/2 = 94.40+19ms is reported as a new half-life value in this work. Furthermore a total of 26 previously unreported γ following the β-decay of 71Kr were also identified in the analysis.
Recent results from Borexino on solar neutrinos
Authors: Basilico D. , Appel S. , Bagdasarian Z. , Bellini G. , Benziger J. , Biondi R. , Caccianiga B. , Calaprice F. , Caminata A. , Chepurnov A. , D’Angelo D. , Derbin A. , Di Giacinto A. , Di Marcello V. , Ding X.F. , Di Ludovico A. , Di Noto L. , Drachnev I. , Franco D. , Galbiati C. , Ghiano C. , Giammarchi M. , Goretti A. , Göttel A.S. , Gromov L. , Guffanti D. , Ianni Aldo , Ianni Andrea , Jany A. , Kobychev V. , Korga G. , Kumaran S. , Laubenstein M. , Litvinovich E. , Lombardi P. , Lomskaya I. , Ludhova L. , Lukyanchenko G. , Machulin I. , Martyn J. , Meroni E. , Miramonti L. , Misiaszek M. , Muratova V. , Nugmanov R. , Oberauer L. , Orekhov V. , Ortica F. , Pallavicini M. , Pelicci L. , Penek Ö. , Pietrofaccia L. , Pilipenko N. , Pocar A. , Raikov G. , Ranalli M.T. , Ranucci G. , Razeto A. , Re A. , Redchuk M. , Rossi N. , Schönert S. , Semenov D. , Settanta G. , Skorokhvatov M. , Singhal A. , Smirnov O. , Sotnikov A. , Tartaglia R. , Testera G. , Unzhakov E. , Villante F. , Vishneva A. , Vogelaar R.B. , von Feilitzsch F. , Wojcik M. , Wurm M. , Zavatarelli S. , Zuber K. , Zuzel G.
Published: December 2023

Borexino has been a neutrino detector based on ultrapure liquid scintillator, located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. Its main scientific goal was the real-time measurement of solar neutrino fluxes, which play an irreplaceable role for the comprehension of the mechanisms powering our star. Over the past two years, the Borexino collaboration has pursued the improvement of the CNO flux measurement, obtaining further indications about the solar metallicity. In a parallel way, Borexino has demonstrated for the first time the possibility of exploiting the directional Cherenkov information, in a liquid scintillator detector, for the detection of sub-MeV solar neutrinos.
BINGO: Background reduction techniques for 0ν2β bolometric experiments
Authors: Khalife Hawraa
Published: December 2023

BINGO is a project dedicated to explore new methods for background reduction in experiments searching for 0ν2β decay. It is based on bolometers, one of the most promising techniques to search for 0ν2β. CUORE and CUPID-Mo/0 are the main bolometric experiments that have illustrated the most relevant limiting factors on sensitivity the bolometers are facing. Surface αs are the main source of background in CUORE, and this contribution has been mitigated in CUPID-Mo/0 using dual heat-light channels, i.e., a main absorber embedding the 2β decay isotope facing a light detector. In this case, surface α rejection is achieved thanks to the lower α light output compared to β/γ. However, there are still other background components that limit the sensitivity of the experiments, such as pile-ups due to random coincidences of physical events, external γ background and β surface radioactivity. BINGO’s proposed technology aims at reducing the background index down to 10−5 counts/(keV kg yr) in the region of interest, thus boosting the sensitivity on the effective Majorana neutrino mass. This can be achieved by: (i) having a revolutionary detector assembly with a reduction in the passive materials facing the detector; (ii) increasing the light detector sensitivity thanks to Neganov-Luke amplification; (iii) using an active shield, based on BGO scintillators with bolometric light detector readout to surround the experimental volume. The main text describes the listed approaches in detail, as well as the recent results of prototype tests.
Investigating the E2 Nuclear Resonance Effects in Kaonic Atoms: The KAMEO Proposal
Authors: De Paolis L. , Bosnar D. , Bragadireanu M. , Cargnelli M. , Carminati M. , Clozza A. , Deda G. , Del Grande R. , Dulski K. , Fiorini C. , Friščić I. , Guaraldo C. , Iliescu M. , Iwasaki M. , Khreptak A. , Manti S. , Marton J. , Miliucci M. , Moskal P. , Napolitano F. , Niedźwiecki S. , Ohnishi O. , Piscicchia K. , Sada Y. , Scordo A. , Sgaramella F. , Silarski M. , Sirghi D.L. , Sirghi F. , Skurzok M. , Wycech S. , Spallone A. , Toho K. , Tüchler M. , Yoshida C. , Zmeskal J. , Curceanu C.
Published: December 2023

The E2 nuclear resonance effect in kaonic atoms occurs when the energy of atomic de-excitation closely matches the energy of nuclear excitation, leading to the attenuation of some X-ray lines in the resonant isotope target. This phenomenon provides crucial information on the strong interaction between kaons and nuclei. The only nuclear E2 resonance effect observed so far was in the K− −9842Mo isotope, measured by G. L. Goldfrey, G-K. Lum, and C. E. Wiegand at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in 1975. However, the 25 hours of data taking were not sufficient to yield conclusive results. In four kaonic Molybdenum isotopes (9442Mo, 9642Mo, 9842and Mo, and 10042Mo), the nuclear E2 resonance effect is expected to occur at the same transition with similar energy values. To investigate this, the KAMEO (Kaonic Atoms Measuring Nuclear Resonance Effects Observables) experiment plans to conduct research on kaonic Molybdenum isotopes at the DAΦNE e+e− collider during the SIDDHARTA-2 experiment. The experimental strategy involves exposing four solid strip targets, each enriched with one Molybdenum isotope, to negatively charged kaons and using a germanium detector to measure X-ray transitions. In addition, a non-resonant 9242Mo isotope solid strip target will be used as a reference for standard non-resonant transitions.
SIDDHARTA-2 veto system design and performance for kaonic atoms studies at DAΦNE
Authors: Sgaramella F. , Bazzi M. , Bosnar D. , Bragadireanu M. , Cargnelli M. , Carminati M. , Clozza A. , Deda G. , Del Grande R. , Dulski K. , De Paolis L. , Fabbietti L. , Fiorini C. , Friščić I. , Guaraldo C. , Iliescu M. , Iwasaki M. , Khreptak A. , Manti S. , Marton J. , Miliucci M. , Moskal P. , Napolitano F. , Niedźwiecki S. , Ohnishi H. , Piscicchia K. , Sada Y. , Scordo A. , Silarski M. , Sirghi D. , Sirghi F. , Skurzok M. , Spallone A. , Toho K. , Tüchler M. , Yoshida C. , Zmeskal J. , Curceanu C.
Published: December 2023

Light kaonic atoms spectroscopy provides a unique approach to study the low-energy strong interaction in the strangeness sector. Precise measurements of X-ray emission from light kaonic atoms provide valuable information on kaon-nucleus interaction at threshold without the need for extrapolation as required in scattering experiments. The SIDDHARTA-2 experiment at the DAΦNE collider of INFN-LNF is now poised to perform the challenging measurements of the K−- d 2p → 1s transition to extract the isospin-dependent antikaonnucleon scattering lengths. To achieve this goal, the background reduction is a crucial factor. This paper provides an overview of the SIDDHARTA-2 Veto-1 system, which uses scintillators outside the vacuum chamber to detect charged particles produced by K− absorption by the nucleus. The arrival time of these particles is correlated with the position where the kaonic atom has been created inside the setup, allowing for the rejection of kaons stopped outside the target cell, which is a critical component for reducing the background and improve the accuracy of the measurement.
Radiobiology experiments with a laser driven x-ray source: Exploring the UHDR regime
Authors: Reija A. , Contreras-Martínez R. , Coathup A. , Barranco F. , Juan J. , Alejo A. , Bembibre A. , Benlliure J. , Peñas J. , Aguado-Barrera M.E. , Vega A. , Ruiz C. , Seimetz M.
Published: December 2023

Laser Driven Plasma Accelerators (LDPA) can generate both characteristic and Bremsstrahlung x-rays in ultrashort bunches. Because of the high intensity of the laser pulses, these laser-induced x-ray sources can achieve peak dose rates compatible with the FLASH regime. At the Laser Laboratory for Acceleration and Applications (L2A2/USC), a setup for the irradiation of in vitro cell cultures with a laser-driven x-ray source has been developed. The suitability of this source for studying the influence of Ultra High Dose Rates (UHDR) on DNA damage has been proven through the irradiation of in vitro cell cultures.
Status and Perspectives of Silicon Detectors
Authors: Cervelli Alberto
Published: December 2023

In the following a review of the present status of silicon tracking and vertexing systems and their future developments will be presented. We will show the modern detectors used in present day experiments both in nuclear and elementary particle physics, and their achieved performances. Later we present a review of the near-future systems which are now being designed, built, or commissioned together with an outlook on the future developments for next-generation silicon detectors.
A random error estimation method for satellites being launched into orbit based on ellipsoid theory
Authors: WU Huanqin , WANG Maocai , SONG Zhiming , CHEN Xiaoyu
Published: December 2023

Accurate and fast random error estimation is essential to improve satellite control. In this paper, the random error of the satellite being launched into orbit is explored. According to the uncertainty matrix of six satellite orbit parameters associated with the project, the uncertainty of the orbit position in the three axes of the geocentric inertial frame of reference is calculated via the propagation rate of the covariance matrix. Then, the random error probability density of the satellite position is constructed for normal distribution. The surface of the error with the same probability density is approximated as an ellipsoid, the size is deduced along with the ellipsoid's shape and direction, and the satellite's spatial position probability is obtained. Monte Carlo method and STK software were employed to simulate low-earth orbit micro-nano satellite launching into the same orbital position. It is confirmed that the results obtained via the theoretical model are in line with practice. Therefore, the ellipsoid theory proposed in this paper can be used to describe the satellite random position error.
Oil body extraction from oleo-proteaginous seeds and conservation of valuable native compounds
Authors: Fabre Jean-François , Lacroux Eric , Cerny Muriel , Vaca-Medina Guadalupe , Cassen Audrey , Merah Othmane , Valentin Romain , Mouloungui Zéphirin
Published: December 2023

Oil bodies, also called oleosomes have been the object of an increased interest since the last decade. Different processes of extraction and purification involve an aqueous crushing with methods to soften the cell membranes. An integrated process was used on different oilseeds to compare the different oil-body dispersions obtained. Once extracted with an aqueous crushing, oil bodies are dispersed in a creamy phase containing also an important protein content. Their stability depends on membranous proteins but also surrounding, extraneous ones. To eliminate these non-membranous proteins, the emulsion can be washed with different compounds allowing a good protein solubilization. If the fatty acid, phytosterol, tocopherol contents and distribution are compared between seeds and dispersions of oil bodies, there appears to be little significant change. These valuable compounds are hence preserved in the oil bodies. However, aqueous crushing releases phospholipase partly explaining the lower phospholipid content and the higher relative concentration of phosphatidic acid. To preserve these emulsions, it is possible to dry them either through freeze-drying or spray-drying. Spray-drying allows a better recovery of the physical structure of the emulsion after rehydration but cryo-protectants as Tris or Glycerol can limit emulsion degradation provoked by hard mechanical constraints of a freeze-drying process.
Studies of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/CuS nanocomposite for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Singhal Rahul , Thorne David , Chaudhary Manika , Kumar Ashwani , Bhardwaj Shiva , Abazi Rilind , Colon Alexander , Gupta Ram K. , Scanley Jules , Broadbridge Christine C. , Singh Beer Pal , LeMaire Peter K. , Sharma Rakesh K.
Published: December 2023

We have prepared CuS and CuS-rGO nanocomposites via the hydrothermal method. The physical properties of the synthesized materials were studied through x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The supercapacitor characteristics were evaluated by cyclic voltammetric and galvanostatic charge–discharge studies. The cyclic voltammetric studies conform the pseudocapacitive nature of CuS and CuS-rGO electrodes. The specific capacitance of CuS was obtained as 207, 150, and 97 F/g at a current density of 0.5, 5, and 20 A/g, respectively. The rGO-CuS nanocomposite showed improved specific capacitance of 350, 251, and 149 F/g at current densities of 0.5, 5, and 20 A/g, respectively.
Metalation and activation of Zn2+ enzymes via early secretory pathway-resident ZNT proteins
Authors: Kambe Taiho , Wagatsuma Takumi
Published: December 2023

Zinc (Zn2+), an essential trace element, binds to various proteins, including enzymes, transcription factors, channels, and signaling molecules and their receptors, to regulate their activities in a wide range of physiological functions. Zn2+ proteome analyses have indicated that approximately 10% of the proteins encoded by the human genome have potential Zn2+ binding sites. Zn2+ binding to the functional site of a protein (for enzymes, the active site) is termed Zn2+ metalation. In eukaryotic cells, approximately one-third of proteins are targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum; therefore, a considerable number of proteins mature by Zn2+ metalation in the early secretory pathway compartments. Failure to capture Zn2+ in these compartments results in not only the inactivation of enzymes (apo-Zn2+ enzymes), but also their elimination via degradation. This process deserves attention because many Zn2+ enzymes that mature during the secretory process are associated with disease pathogenesis. However, how Zn2+ is mobilized via Zn2+ transporters, particularly ZNTs, and incorporated in enzymes has not been fully elucidated from the cellular perspective and much less from the biophysical perspective. This review focuses on Zn2+ enzymes that are activated by Zn2+ metalation via Zn2+ transporters during the secretory process. Further, we describe the importance of Zn2+ metalation from the physiopathological perspective, helping to reveal the importance of understanding Zn2+ enzymes from a biophysical perspective.
Dopamine D2 receptors in hilar mossy cells regulate excitatory transmission and hippocampal function
Authors: Gulfo Michelle C. , Lebowitz Joseph J. , Ramos Czarina , Hwang Dong-Woo , Nasrallah Kaoutsar , Castillo Pablo E.
Published: December 2023

Hilar mossy cells (MCs) are principal excitatory neurons of the dentate gyrus (DG) that play critical roles in hippocampal function and have been implicated in brain disorders such as anxiety and epilepsy. However, the mechanisms by which MCs contribute to DG function and disease are poorly understood. A defining feature of MCs is the promoter activity of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) gene (Drd2), and previous work indicates a key role for dopaminergic signaling in the DG. Additionally, the involvement of D2R signaling in cognition and neuropsychiatric conditions is well known. Surprisingly, though, the function of MC D2Rs remains largely unexplored. In this study, we show that selective and conditional removal ofDrd2from MCs of adult mice impaired spatial memory, promoted anxiety-like behavior, and was proconvulsant. To determine the subcellular expression of D2Rs in MCs, we used a D2R knockin mouse which revealed that D2Rs are enriched in the inner molecular layer of the DG, where MCs establish synaptic contacts with granule cells (GCs). D2R activation by exogenous and endogenous dopamine reduced MC to dentate GC synaptic transmission, most likely by a presynaptic mechanism. In contrast, exogenous dopamine had no significant impact on MC excitatory inputs and passive and active properties. Our findings support that MC D2Rs are essential for proper DG function by reducing MC excitatory drive onto GCs. Lastly, impairment of MC D2R signaling could promote anxiety and epilepsy, therefore highlighting a potential therapeutic target.
From “them” to “us”?
Authors: Yu Mandy Hoi Man , Feng Dezheng (William)
Published: December 2023

This study provides an account of how the representation of China has changed diachronically in the South China
Morning Post (SCMP), the leading liberal English-language broadsheet in Hong Kong, since the sovereignty
transfer in 1997. Adopting a corpus-based approach to critical discourse studies, we analyse two corpora of news reports about China in the
newspaper, one for 1997–2000 and the other one for 2015–2018. It is found that the representation of China has changed from very negative
representations focusing on human right problems in the first period to largely positive representations centring upon China’s global and
economic power in the second period. The changes may suggest that the SCMP has to a certain extent shifted its positioning
of China from “them” to “us”, though an ambivalent stance is observed. The ambivalence is discussed in relation to the economic convergence
and political divergence between Hong Kong and the Chinese mainland.
On the link between grammaticalization and subjectification
Authors: Nuyts Jan
Published: December 2023

This article argues that the widespread view that the diachronic processes of grammaticalization and of
subjectification go hand in hand, and that highly subjectivized meanings typically correlate with highly grammaticalized forms,
should be revised. The point is made on the basis of the case of the diachrony of the Dutch modal verbs. Corpus data show that
four of these verbs recently got involved in a process of collective re-autonomization, while the two other modals in the language
do not. This correlates with differences in the semantic development of the verbs: the four re-autonomizing verbs do, but the two
outliers do not show a regular process of (inter)subjectification. The paper unravels through which mechanisms the grammatical and
the semantic developments may correlate, hence why highly subjectivized meanings do not necessarily like a grammatical status.
Building information modelling-based life cycle assessment (BIM-LCA) for housing estates in Thailand
Authors: Inharwararak P , Stravoravdis S
Published: December 2023

Climate change is an important issue with rapidly increasing significance. The demand for housing is rising every year and this can lead to more carbon emissions and environmental impact from the residential sector. Carbon emission over the whole lifecycle of a building are key for sustainability and BIM can play an important role in assisting designers and stakeholders for better decision making, from design to operation, in order to reduce these emissions and improve efficiencies. This research focuses on BIM-LCA at the early design stages with a proposal for BIM-LCA implementation for housing in Thailand, where no formal process for this currently exists. It reviews relevant processes from other countries and proposes a framework for implementation for Thailand. It argues that the government, organisation firms and those involved in Thailand’s construction industry should be more aware of problems surrounding global warming and the importance of sustainably designing housing in Thailand from construction in order to reduce the impact to the environment.
An Experimental Investigation on A Simple Direct-Drive Wavepower Generation System Utilising an Oscillating Water Column
Authors: Omar Mohamad Alif , Shokri Shakir , Zakaria Nurul Mardhiyah , Mukhtar Azfarizal , Yusoff Mohd Zamri
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the performance potential of a simple direct-drive wavepower generation system utilising an oscillating water column (OWC). The OWC was selected due to their ability to operate in places with low wave power density, low wave height, and shallow water. This is owing to the fact that the average wave power in the Malaysian sea has been just 8.6 kW/m, which is quite low compared to other coastal nations that use wave energy technology. In this study, the OWC has been scaled down and utilised for laboratory experiments. The experiment is divided into two different parts, which are Procedure A and Procedure B. Procedure A is to determine the maximum wave height (cm), air pressure differential (psi), and upward air speed (m/s) without the air turbine installed. Procedure B, on the other hand, employs a different type of bottom profile to calculate the voltage output (V), current output (A), and power output (W). The results indicated that circular-bottomed sloped seabed is superior, as they can generate the greatest amount of electricity, approximately 0.0105 W, at air speeds of 1.3-2.0 m/s and wave heights of 4-5 cm. The findings suggested that wave energy can be harvested to operate an air turbine, but more research is needed to figure out how to convert wave energy efficiently in Malaysia, where the wave heights are smaller.
A Review: Various Designs of Radial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator Technologies
Authors: Mostaman Nur Afiqah , Sulaiman Erwan , Jenal Mahyuzie
Published: December 2023

In a renewable energy system, the amount of power generated by a renewable energy source constantly evolves. Furthermore, with the smart energy approach, small distributed renewable energy can be included into an industrialized network, enabling real-time optimization, and enabling communication with other facilities. A magnetic generator is one of the renewable energies that use the permanent magnet. As a result, this generator generated magnetic flux power by using the permanent magnetic field. An overview of the radial flux permanent magnet generator for small industry is provided in this study. First, a categorization and in-depth description of radial permanent magnet generators are reviewed. The important features of the permanent magnets are presented, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, an overview of the most recent machine developments is also presented. Lastly, an overview of the conventional radial flux permanent magnet generator designs that have been used in the development of small-scale generators is as follows.
Design and Simulation of Hybrid Shunt Active Filter for PQ Improvement using PID Genetic Algorithm Controller in 3ϕ-4 Wire System
Authors: Sugavanam K R , Selvaraju P , Chandrika V S , Mohanasundaram K
Published: December 2023

This paper provides an economical solution and advanced method by tuning and optimizing system for power in the transmission line. The proposed system uses PID Genetic Algorithm (GA) controller in three phase four wire system for Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) minimization under balanced load conditions. In this article, traction load model is taken into consideration to evaluate the designed Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) for reduction of harmonics in three phase four wire system. Many existing SAPF models were tested using non-linear diode rectifier load for analysis. The GA technique for the reduction of harmonics is used to tune PID parameters such as a proportional (Kp), Integrator (Ki), and Derivative (Kd). In contrast with other controllers such as PI Controller, Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), Hysteresis Controller (HC), Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) and Synchronous Reference Frame Theory (SRFT), the performance of the proposed controller is compared. The performance of the designed controller with GA adjusted PID is validated at various loading conditions by comparing it to the performance of the existing system. The outcomes are addressed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the created system.
Performance Analysis of a Cascaded Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for High Current Applications
Authors: Akhtar Mohammad Faisal , Raihan Siti Rohani S , Rahim Nasrudin Abd
Published: December 2023

In this paper, a high-current DC-DC converter with bidirectional capability is presented. The proposed converter topology combines a series capacitor bidirectional converter and a conventional bidirectional converter in a cascaded manner, thus achieving a quadratic voltage gain. The proposed topology is compared with other contemporary high current topologies in terms of voltage gains, component count and conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the converter performance is validated using the Simscape SimPowerSystems toolbox of MATLAB Simulink. It is determined that this topology demonstrated a conversion efficiency of 96% and 98% in step-up and step-down mode respectively, for a 250 W load. Moreover, a current gain of 12.5 was observed in step down mode for a switch duty cycle of 0.4. Lastly, current sharing between inductors and low current ripples were also demonstrated.
Syngas production via dry reforming of methane over Ni/MgO-ZrO2 catalyst
Authors: Farooqi A S , Abdullah B , Hasnain S M W , Farooqi S A
Published: December 2023

This study intended to evaluate the catalytic activity of Ni/MgO-ZrO2 to produce syngas through dry reforming of methane (DRM). The catalyst was prepared by using co-precipitation method followed by impregnation of Ni metal. XRD, BET and FESEM were used to analyze the physicochemical characteristics of the prepared catalyst. A stainless steel vertical reactor fixed with a catalyst bed inside was used to run the DRM process at 800°C, 1 atm and 1:1:1 ratio of CO2:CH4:N2. From the three catalysts studied, Ni/MgO-15%ZrO2 had the maximum conversion for CH4 and CO2 compared to the other two catalysts. The high conversion achieved was because of zirconium oxide. The result obtained from the DRM reaction was further supported by the characterization results, which included average particle size, the morphology of the catalyst, and catalyst peaks.
Energy audit on lighting system for 7-storey educational building – Energy saving opportunity
Authors: Othman Mohd Nezuan bin
Published: December 2023

An energy audit is an important process for determining a building’s energy efficiency. This process includes verification, monitoring and analysis of energy usage and recommending ways to improve energy consumption. This paper presented a study on energy balance, utility system description, methodology to calculate the energy consumption, load apportioning and room data survey on luminance for a 7-storey educational building. The resulting data is then analysed to assess energy performance, identify opportunities for improvement without compromising safety, usability and comfort levels, and suggest potential energy savings measures that can be implemented later. As a result, it shows that the building consumed a total of 669,840.84 kWh of energy over the year of 2016 and 53.64% of the energy usage comes from lighting system. The proposed energy saving measure on lighting system for this building were expected to give 167,873.28 kWh reduction of energy per year by retrofitting an 18 watt and 36 watt of fluorescent lamp to 10 watt and 18 watt of light emitting diode lamp. The room data survey on luminance measurement also shows that 69% of the interior space is overlit, and delamping can result in a total energy savings of 45,550.08kWh per year. Lastly, the total energy saving can also contribute to 116.50 ton/year of CO2 reduction.