bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"SOME UPDATE ISSUES NEED TO BE SOLVED FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT"
Authors:   Department of Education, Central Propaganda Committee, Le Huy Hoang
Published: March 2024

"Today we have seen that even developments in industrially developed countries are facing problems. We recognize the humility of scholars in Japan and Korea when presenting such problems on this international platform. In particular, I was very impressed with a report that mentioned a new problem that is probably a huge challenge for the world soon. That is a report related to ethical issues of AI in human resource management. It is a problem that is not only to be questioned now but may give birth to other problems in the future. Those experiences will be very valuable to Vietnam, as we have been on a 40-year journey of innovation since 1986. To report, in our innovation journey, we also paid special attention to human resource development. In Vietnam's most recent Party Congress, the 13th Congress in 2021, we outlined three strategic breakthroughs to develop the country. Among those three strategic breakthroughs, one is a breakthrough in the strategy of developing human resources, especially high-quality human resources. The Party and State consider developing high-quality human resources as one of the key strategies for development in the coming time. Thus, the awareness and actions of the Party and the State of Vietnam during the entire period of the innovation process are completely consistent with the common perception of the world. Recently, we have paid special attention to human resource developments to adapt to the fourth industrial revolution. At the Central Propaganda and Training Commission, many conferences have been organized recently and we are paying special attention to human resources in science and technology ""STEM"". I am also very impressed with the professors of China, whose extremely important message behind China's success is to invest and highly value talented individuals. ""The talented"" means more than just ""high-quality human resources”, they are the center for development, for investment that pioneer development. For Vietnam, we would like to share that in November 2023, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam also issued a very important resolution related to ""talent"", which is to develop the intellectual team. awake. There are many strong solutions in investment, attraction, and utilization of talents in the socio-economic development of the country. Those are a few things I would like to discuss with scholars about Vietnam's innovation development and the Party's emphasis on the development of high-quality human resources. I hope the conference will not only stop at discussion but also create a community that will continue to exchange and share meaningful knowledge in the coming time, to continue learning and studying from experiences and lessons around the world for sustainable national development."
Factors affecting treatment outcomes of outpatient therapeutic program for treatment of severe acute malnutrition in under-fives: A review
Authors: Waruguru Phyllis , Kamau Abigael W
Published: March 2024

This study aims to scrutinize the factors influencing treatment outcomes in Outpatient therapeutic programs (OTPs) targeting Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) in children under five. SAM in children under five is a pressing global health issue, necessitating effective treatment to mitigate its high mortality and morbidity risks. OTPs have been pivotal in addressing SAM in resource-constrained settings, offering ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF) and medical care. However, the success of OTPs is dependent upon various factors, including the child's age and nutritional status and the quality of care provided. Understanding these factors and their influence on treatment outcomes is paramount for enhancing OTP effectiveness and alleviating the SAM burden among young children. A thorough search was conducted across Cochrane, Elsevier, and PubMed databases to identify relevant publications between 2016 to 2024. Twenty-four studies were initially retrieved, with thirteen meeting the inclusion criteria for data synthesis. Analysis of the selected studies revealed pivotal factors affecting treatment outcomes in OTPs for SAM. These factors include socio-demographic characteristics, clinical features and caregiver-related factors. Notably, factors such as age, nutritional status, comorbidities, program adherence and caregiver knowledge, emerged as significant determinants of treatment success. This review underscores the multifaceted nature of factors influencing treatment outcomes in OTPs for SAM among children under five. Understanding these determinants is crucial for optimizing program effectiveness and enhancing child health outcomes in resource-limited settings. Interventions addressing these factors will improve the impact of SAM treatment programs. Further research focusing on tailored interventions are recommended to refine SAM treatment strategies.
The activity of of vitexicarpin and artemetin in inhibiting hyperpigmentation: an in silico study
Authors: Riswana I Kadek Rizki , Anjani Ni Luh Ari Krisma , Susanti Ni Made Pitri , Laksmiani Ni Made Linda
Published: March 2024

Hyperpigmentation, characterized by increased skin darkening, is primarily attributed to augmented melanin production, often exacerbated by UV ray exposure. Inhibiting melanogenesis enzymes, such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and d-dopachrome tautomerase, is a recognized strategy for managing hyperpigmentation. Flavonoid compounds, namely vitexicarpin and artemetin, have emerged as potential antihyperpigmentation agents. This study explores the inhibitory capabilities of vitexicarpin and artemetin on melanogenesis enzymes through in silico molecular docking. The process involved optimization of test compounds using HyperChem 8, target protein preparation with Chimera 1.11, method validation, and docking employing AutoDockTools 1.5.6, which integrates Autodock4 and Autogrid4 programs. The validity of the molecular docking method was confirmed with an RMSD value of ≤3 Å. The findings demonstrate that vitexicarpin and artemetin exhibit higher affinity towards tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and d-dopachrome tautomerase than the native ligands. Interaction models between the compounds and target proteins include hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic bonds, with the most visually identifiable hydrogen bonds. These results suggest that vitexicarpine and artemetin have promising potential as antihyperpigmentation agents by inhibiting melanogenesis enzymes, as evidenced by the molecular docking approach.
Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Museums in Linyi, China
Authors: He Tian , Guo Ying , Zhang Ru , Nie Ping
Published: March 2024

Museums have been integrated into tourism activities as cultural carriers and have become increasingly prominent in developing the regional cultural tourism industry. How to promote the high-quality development of the museum industry across China is an important topic that needs to be considered at present. Therefore, we used 56 museums in Linyi as the research object, analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of museums in Linyi and explored the main influencing factors. The results show that (1) the museums in Linyi tend to be cohesively distributed, mainly concentrated in the central to central-eastern part of Linyi, with few museums distributed in other areas, and the distribution of museums within Linyi shows an unevenness; (2) the museums show a tendency to be centrally distributed, and museums show a centralized distribution, forming the main agglomeration area of Lanshan – Hedong-Luozhuang, as well as the two secondary agglomerations of Junan and Yinan-Yishui; (3) Factors such as the degree of resource endowment, the level of economic development, the accessibility of transport, the degree of development of tourism, and the degree of population density all combine to influence the distribution of museums in Linyi; (4) On the whole, Linyi's museums tend to be distributed in areas that are rich in natural and cultural resources, with a higher level of economic development, a well-developed transport network and proximity to rivers and lakes, a better-developed tourism industry, and a higher population density. In the future, Linyi should pay attention to the following aspects in the construction and management of museums: digging deeper into the resources to expand the types and numbers of museums; responding to the market demand and promoting the quality of museums; accelerating the construction of museums by taking advantage of the tourism industry; and improving the infrastructure to help the development of museums.
Potential Test of Jojoba Oil-Based Sunscreen in Lotion Preparations
Authors: Anggriani H Theresia , Novalinda Ginting Chrismis , Chiuman Linda , Rosari Anita
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to determine the formula of anti-aging cream using lemongrass leaf extract. The treatment by giving respondents lemongrass leaf extract and using moisture, evenness, pore, spot, and wrinkle as parameters. Human skin provides protection on the surface of the body against the influence of the surrounding environment. Skin can experience aging, especially in areas that are often exposed to direct sunlight such as the face, neck, upper arms, and hands. Aging is a process experienced by humans in their 30s whose functions in the human body are decreasing, for example, thinning skin, wrinkles, rough skin, and dark spots on the face. Treatment to prevent aging of the skin by using an antioxidant product such as flavonoids because it has the function of preventing or neutralizing free radicals. In Indonesia, several species of plants can be found that function as food and cosmetic ingredients. The lemongrass leaf extract which contains antiaging are Alkaloids, Flavonoids, and Tannins. The data were analysed by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method to determine homogeneity and normality. Then, if the data is normal, it is continued to be analysed using the One-Way ANOVA method to determine the average difference between groups. There is a difference between treatments, and it is continued with the Post-hoc Tukey HSD test. The higher the concentration of extract used, the greater the anti-aging productivity formed. It is concluded, the best anti-aging effect is a concentration of 9% with increase in moisture, evenness, pore reduction, reducing spots and wrinkles.
Comparison Of Giving The Rebozo Technique And Oxytocin Massage To The Length Of Labor At The Sukatani Health Center, Bekasi Regency, West Java
Authors: Yayu Ratnasari Siti , Tridiyawati Feva
Published: March 2024

Background: Complications in the length of time of delivery can cause the mother's blood flow through the placenta to decrease so that it has an impact on the occurrence of asfexia in newborns. One way to accelerate the progress of labor is by giving the rebozo technique and oxytocin massage. The results of the data report from the Dian Medika Jayanti Clinic, Tangerang Banten Regency, obtained information that in 2022 out of 365 mothers who gave birth, 157 cases were found with prolonged labor so that sometimes referrals were made, while the rebozo technique and oxytocin massage had not been carried out at that location. Purpose of Writing: Knowing the comparison of giving the rebozo technique and oxytocin massage to the length of the second stage in mothers giving birth at the Dian Medika Jayanti Clinic, Tangerang Regency. Research Method: quasy experiment with posttest only design with control group design. The sample is 30 mothers giving birth with total sampling technique. Intervention for 5-10 minutes and repeated 3 times. Bivariate analysis using the Mann Whiteney test. Results: The results of the univariate study mean the length of the second stage of labor by administering the rebozo technique was 58.00 minutes and 30.93 minutes. The average length of the second stage of labor with oxytocin massage was 67.00 minutes. The results of the Mann Whiteney bivariate test for the second stage of labor were 0.021. Conclusions and Suggestions: There are differences in giving the rebozo technique and oxytocin massage to the length of the second stage of labor in mothers. Midwives are expected to speed up the delivery process, it would be better if the rebozo technique and oxytocin massage were given simultaneously so that the progress of labor would go faster.
The Relationship between Parents' Knowledge of Dental and Oral Health and the Incidence of Dental Caries in Nurul Hayat Islamic Kindergarten School Children in Kapuk Village, Cengkareng District North Jakarta
Authors: Ria Syarina , Nency Olivia
Published: March 2024

Background Parents, especially mothers, have an important role in developing children's positive behavior towards dental and oral health. Parents' participation in maintaining children's dental and oral health can be implemented by paying attention to children's behavior regarding dental and oral health and children's eating patterns. Writing Objective: to determine the relationship of knowledge about oral and dental health with the incidence of dental caries in Islamic Kindergarten students at Nuruk Hayat, Kapuk Village, Cengkareng District, North Jakarta. Research Methods: The sample size in this study used a total side of 50 students of Nurul Hayat Islamic Kindergarten in Kapuk Village, Cengkareng District, North Jakarta. This study was to determine parents' knowledge about dental and oral health using a questionnaire conducted by interviewing parents and children of Nurul Hayat Islamic Kindergarten in Kapuk Village, Cengkareng District, North Jakarta. The data analysis used was univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi square test. Research Results The results showed that parents' knowledge of dental and oral health on the incidence of caries on the Chy-square test resulted in a P value of 0.00 <0.05, so the analysis was that there was a relationship between the history of parental knowledge about dental and oral health and the incidence of caries. The results of the OR calculation were 0.583, which means that the incidence of caries was 0.583 times lower with good parental knowledge about dental and oral health compared to parents with less knowledge (95% CI 0.362-0.941). Conclusions and Suggestions: It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as a reference for students about providing education to parents and children about oral and dental health.
The Effectiveness of Lavender Aromatherapy in First Trimester Pregnant Women with Emesis Gravidarum at TPMB Megawati in 2023
Authors: Nency Olivia , Megawati Megawati
Published: March 2024

Background: Pregnant women with emesis gravidarum who use acupressure can reduce or even avoid the use of anti-nausea drugs which have the potential to have side effects. This can be considered as an effective non-pharmacological alternative in treating emesis gravidarum. Purpose of Writing: Knowing the Effectiveness of Lavender Aromatherapy in First Trimester Pregnant Women with Emesis Gravidarum at TPMB Megawati in 2023. Research Method: quasi-experimental research with pretest posttest with control group design. The independent variable in this study was lavender aromatherapy and the dependent variable was Emesis Gravidarum. taken by purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out univariately and bivariately, to find out the difference in the Emesis Gravidarum score in the intervention and control groups in each group using wicoxo. Research Results The research results are known Asymp. Sig (2 – Talled) has a value of 0.000 because 0.000 <0.05, it can be concluded that the hypothesis is accepted. This means that there is a difference before and after giving lavender aromatherapy. The research results are known Asymp. Sig (2 – Talled) has a value of 1,000 because 0.000 > 0.05, it can be concluded that the hypothesis is rejected. This means that there is no difference before and after in the control group.
The Potential Of Avocado Seed Extract (Persea Americana) In Inhibiting The Release Of Metal Ions In Cuniti And Stainless Steel Based Orthodont Wire
Authors: Sandra Devi Leliana , Prijatmoko Dwi , Joelijanto Rudy , Prasetyarini Swasthi , Herniyati  , Soesetijo FX Ady , Sutjiati Rina , Sekar Asmarani Subagyo Aura , Bayu Mustika Aji Erlangga
Published: March 2024

The release of ions is the initial stage of the corrosion process in an orthodontic wire. Continuous release of ions can reduce the effectiveness and performance of the orthodontic wire. Continuous release of ions in CuNiTi orthodontic wire can change the properties of the wire and trigger hypersensitivity reactions, also in stainless steel orthodontic wire which experiences continuous release of ions can reduce its stiffness. The tannin in avocado seeds is useful as a corrosion inhibitor it can inhibit the release of ions because they are able to bind with metal ions and form a passive layer also able to bind with Fe ions in stainless steel orthodontic wires to form a passive surface layer which is able to inhibit the release of ions when the corrosion process occurs. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of avocado seed extract as a corrosion inhibitor on the release of metal ions from CuNiTi and stainless steel orthodontic wires. Rectangular CuNiTi and stainless steel orthodontic wires measuring 0.017 x 0.025 inches were taken in 3 groups (1 control group soaked in artificial saliva and 2 treatment groups soaked in avocado seed extract). The samples were soaked in avocado seed extract with a concentration of 1.5 g/L and 2 g/L for 7 days. To see the release of ions, an X-Ray Fluorescence test is carried out. In CuNiTi orthodontic wire from the one way ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference between the control group and all treatment groups on Cu, Ni and Ti ions. The Post Hoc LSD test showed that there were significant differences between the control group, treatment group 1 and treatment group 2 in Cu, Ni and Ti ions with a p value. In stainless steel orthodontic wire, the one way ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference between the control group and all treatment groups in Fe and Ni ions but not significant in Cr ions in the ion release test with a p value <0.05. The Post Hoc LSD test showed that there were significant differences between the control group, treatment group 1 and treatment group 2 in Fe and Ni ions with a p value <0.05. Providing avocado seed extract with tannin content at concentrations of 1.5 g/L and 2 g/L can inhibit the rate of ion release in CuNiTi and stainless steel orthodontic wires due to the corrosion process.
Results from an Obesity Model in White Male Wistar Rats After Administration of Telang Flower (Clitoria Ternatea) Extract on Pancreatic Function and Histopathological Characteristics
Authors: Yulisandra Rini Weni , Azmi Tanjung Fahrul , Wilvia Wilvia
Published: March 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease affecting 95% of diabetics, characterized by high blood glucose levels due to decreased insulin production. Bioactive chemicals from plants like butterfly pea flower and Clitoria Ternatea can potentially treat DM, inhibit carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, and potentially regenerate pancreatic beta cells. This study tests butterfly pea flower extract on obesity-related pancreatic function in white rats. In obese rats given varied dosages of butterfly pea flower extract, the study evaluates pancreatic tissue histopathology and ethanol extract properties. The study examines male Wistar rats' acclimatization before treatment with butterfly pea flower extract, a high-fat diet, and butterfly pea flower extract, comparing the effects of the extract on rats. Pancreatic function is examined using enzymes amylase and lipase. Histopathological observation of pancreatic organs involves several steps, including fixation, washing, infiltration, embedding, cutting, attaching, deparaffinization, dealcoholization, staining, mounting, and scoring. A post-test-only control group design compared butterfly pea flower extract and pancreatic function in male white rats. Butterfly pea flower extract improved pancreatic histology in obese white rats at 600mg/KgWB, closer to the normal group. The extract contains secondary metabolites that repair cell tissue damaged by the rats' high-fat diet and obesity.
Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Models in the Modern Monetary Policy
Authors: NOCOŃ Aleksandra
Published: March 2024

The paper undertakes the issue of DSGE models in the modern monetary policy. Although DSGE models are broad used by central banks since 1980s of the 21st century, the main motivation to undertake this topic was to systematize the current knowledge about this type of models. Many publications concentrate on DSGE models, however they do not provide a holistic information about their construction, evolution as well as pros and cons. This paper provides all these things in more comprehensive form. The paper has theoretical nature and based mainly on literature studies, documental analysis method and synthesis method.
EDUCAÇÃO SEXUAL COMO UM INSTRUMENTO DE ENFRENTAMENTO À VIOLÊNCIA AFETIVA
Authors: Moraes Francisco Railan Alves de , Oliveira Antonia Marina de Jesus , Luz Michael Junior de Oliveira , Marques Filho Elvis Gomes
Published: March 2024

Foi objetivo do estudo: relacionar o direito humano à educação sexual com a prevenção da violência afetiva e seus agravos. Partindo da estratégia de estudo teórico, com abordagem exploratório-descritiva e questionando se a educação sexual pode agir como instrumento de combate a violências e agravos a saúde mental. Para tal foram estudadas obras de rigor científico acerca da educação em diretos humanos, educação sexual, violência afetiva, sobre a prevenção de seus agravos, assim como legislações domésticas e internacionais. Foi evidenciado que a educação sexual de cunho formal possui aspectos que permitem desenvolver um maior senso crítico sobre as experiências vividas dentro de relações, assim como obter clareza sobre mecanismos de repressão e elaborar valores afetivos a partir de um de questionamento sobre os próprios comportamentos e de seus pares, criando comunicações interpessoais mais saudáveis, o que permite combater comportamentos danosos dentro das relações e evitar agravos desencadeados por estes.
A EDUCAÇÃO FINANCEIRA CONTRA A ARMADILHA DO ENDIVIDAMENTO DOS FUNCIONÁRIOS PÚBLICOS PELO EMPRÉSTIMO CONSIGNADO
Authors: Souza Eliane Alves de
Published: March 2024

Segundo dados recentes do Banco Central do Brasil (BACEN), os servidores públicos brasileiros estão muito endividados por uso excessivo do crédito consignado. Este artigo teve como objetivo diagnosticar alguns dos motivos que levam funcionários públicos ao endividamento através dessa linha de crédito “barata”, visto que suas taxas de juros são as menores e os prazos para quitação da dívida são os maiores oferecidos pelas instituições bancárias. Este trabalho avaliou as consequências do endividamento e o impacto da aquisição da habilidade financeira na relação do consumidor com seu dinheiro. Para atingir os objetivos declarados neste trabalho, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva e quanto aos meios se caracteriza como bibliográfica e documental. Através da análise de vários autores, foi possível constatar que a principal causa do endividamento do funcionalismo é o mau uso dos recursos oriundos desta linha de crédito. Não adianta o crédito ser “barato” se for contratado por quem não usa com inteligência seus recursos. A pesquisa concluiu que a Educação Financeira forma consumidores conscientes sobre o uso inteligente do dinheiro e do crédito e permite que eles desenvolvam atitudes, costumes e hábitos que lhes proporcionem uma vida mais equilibrada e sustentável.
A RARE CASE OF A CONGENITAL ANOMALY OF THE EXTERNAL EAR – REDUPLICATION OF THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, V. Radzionava , A. Sakovich ,   Belarusian State Medical University, D. Shumouskaya
Published: March 2024

Congenital malformations of the hearing organ occur with a frequency of 1–2 per 500 (mild anomalies) to 1–2 per 10000 (severe anomalies) newborns. Up to 15% of them are heritable and up to 10% are bilateral. Anomalies of the first branchial cleft from which the structures of the external ear predominantly develop, are quite rare malformations (less than 10% of all gill anomalies), but can present a significant problem of differential diagnosis. Most commonly, these anomalies manifest clinically as periauricular cysts, fistulous or reduplication of the external auditory canal. There are both isolated congenital anomalies of any of the parts of the hearing organ and syndromal ones. This article describes our own observation of a congenital anomaly of the external auditory canal in a child (a type of reduplication of the external auditory canal) and secondary cholesteatoma on this background. This case is interesting because the patient had multiple congenital anomalies: branchial cysts on both sides for which she had been operated on earlier and reduplication of the external auditory canal, a much rarer pathology of the first branchial cleft. At the same time, the difference in time when these anomalies manifested and were detected was almost 10 years.
Fractionation of stable carbon isotopes during formate consumption in anoxic rice paddy soils and lake sediments
Authors: Conrad Ralf , Claus Peter
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Formate is energetically equivalent to hydrogen and thus is an important intermediate during the breakdown of organic matter in anoxic rice paddy soils and lake sediments. Formate is a common substrate for methanogenesis, homoacetogenesis and sulfate reduction. However, how much these processes contribute to formate degradation and fractionate carbon stable isotopes is largely unknown. Therefore, we measured the conversion of formate to acetate, CH4 and CO2 and the δ13C of these compounds in samples of paddy soils from Vercelli, Italy, and the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines and of sediments from the NE and SW basins of Lake Fuchskuhle, Germany. The samples were suspended in a phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) in both the absence and presence of sulfate (gypsum) and of methyl fluoride (CH3F), an inhibitor of aceticlastic methanogenesis. In the paddy soils, formate was mainly converted to acetate under both methanogenic and sulfidogenic conditions. Methane was only a minor product and was mainly formed from the acetate. In the lake sediments, the product spectrum was similar but only under methanogenic conditions. In the presence of sulfate, however, acetate and CH4 were only minor products. The isotopic enrichment factors (εform) of formate consumption, determined by Mariotti plots, were in the low range of −8 ‰ to −2.5 ‰ when sulfate was absent, and formate was mainly converted to acetate and CH4. However, no enrichment factor was detectable when formate was degraded with sulfate to mainly CO2. The δ13C of acetate was by about 25 ‰–50 ‰ more negative than that of formate, indicating acetate production by chemolithotrophic homoacetogenesis. Hence, formate seems to be an excellent substrate for homoacetogenesis in anoxic soils and sediments, so that this process is competing well with methanogenesis and sulfate reduction.
Interpretable Embedding of Laboratory Stick-Slip Acoustic Emission Time Series
Authors: Elbertsen Rens , Vasconcelos Ivan , Niemeijer André
Published: March 2024

Laboratory stick-slip experiments are a simple analogue for the earthquake cycle. The acoustic emissions (AE) of these experiments have been shown to contain hidden patterns. Machine Learning (ML) can extract these patterns and information on the fault state can be inferred (e.g. shear stress and time to failure). Two different ML approaches have been used in the past: 1) ensemble tree models, which are relatively easy to evaluate why they made a certain prediction, but only look at a snapshot in time and 2) deep neural networks using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), which have the ability to find patterns in the temporal changes in the signal, but act more as a black-box model, so the final predictions are hard to evaluate. Here we introduce an additional step in the workflow that can be used to allow the ensemble tree models information about the temporal changes of the input features. Furthermore, it is able to quantify and visualize whether a pattern is repetitive or not. Like earlier studies we start by calculating (statistical) features using a rolling window on the AE. The features are not directly used as the input of the model, but are placed in a larger Hankel matrix, where the consecutive time windows are the rows of the matrix. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) we create an embedded version of this array that holds temporal information of features calculated in the previous step. Visual inspection of these embeddings shows that some features map to very distinct patterns that are repetitive over the majority of the stick-slip cycles. The advantage of this method is that an inverse mapping is easily available, allowing for an interpretable embedding of the data.
Exploring the role of post-fire erosion as a carbon sink mechanism
Authors: Girona-García Antonio , Vieira Diana , Doerr Stefan , Santín Cristina
Published: March 2024

Wildfires release approximately 2.1 Pg C to the atmosphere each year. The impact of wildfires on the carbon cycle, however, extends well beyond direct emissions, involving complex interactions among various source and sink processes. One such process, the enhanced post-fire soil organic carbon (SOC) erosion, remains unquantified as a potential C sink mechanism. Post-fire SOC erosion functions as a C sink when the subsequent burial and stabilization of eroded C offsite, coupled with the recovery of net primary production and SOC content onsite, outweigh the C losses to the atmosphere during post-fire transport of SOC. In this work, we synthesize published data on post-fire SOC erosion and evaluate its overall potential to act as C sink. In addition, we estimate its magnitude at continental scale following the 2017 wildfire season in Europe, showing that SOC erosion can indeed play a quantitatively significant role in the overall C balance of wildfires. 
High CO2 emissions from drained peat soils that transition to organo-mineral soils: Implications for GHG inventories
Authors: Elsgaard Lars , Hermansen Cecilie , Weber Peter L , Pesch Charles , Greve Mogens H , de Jonge Lis W , Leifeld Jens , Liang Zhi
Published: March 2024

Drained agricultural peat soils are hotspots for biogenic CO2 emissions, contributing to elevated atmospheric CO2 levels. Due to microbial mineralization, the organic carbon (OC) content of these soils transitions to that of mineral soils, but it remains unclear how the residual OC content controls the rate of CO2 emission. This hinders the integration of soils with 6-12% OC into national greenhouse gas inventories. Based on a comprehensive laboratory study with organic soils from 103 sites in Denmark, we show that area-scale CO2 emissions from soils with >6% OC are not controlled by OC content and OC density, i.e., that soil OC content (wt/wt) is a poor predictor of area-specific CO2 emissions. The empirical data suggest that CO2 emission factors for 6-12% and >12% OC soils should be considered the same. On the other hand, the data also suggest that disaggregation of emission factors for soils with even higher OC contents is not necessary. We conclude that a global underestimation of CO2 emissions from 6-12% OC soils occurs in countries with large proportions of organic soils in transition from organic to organo-mineral soils due to agricultural management. Refining CO2 emission estimates for 6-12% OC soils is critical for the accuracy of national inventories, but also for recognizing the climate benefits of emerging initiatives to rewet drained organic soils.
Using freshwater mussel valvometry data as a real-time biological warning system for aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Piccolroaz Sebastiano , Pilbala Ashkan , Riccardi Nicoletta , Benistati Nina , Modesto Vanessa , Termini Donatella , Manca Dario , Benigni Augusto , Corradini Cristiano , Lazzarin Tommaso , Moramarco Tommaso , Fraccarollo Luigi
Published: March 2024

Quantifying the effects of external climatic and anthropogenic stressors on aquatic ecosystems is an important task for scientific and management progress in the field of water resources. In this study, we propose an innovative use of biotic communities as real-time indicators, which offers a promising solution for directly quantifying the impact of these external stressors on aquatic ecosystems. Specifically, we investigated the influence of natural river floods on biotic communities using freshwater mussels (FMs) as reliable bioindicators. Using a well-established valvometry technique, we measured the valve-opening behaviour of FMs, considering both amplitude and frequency. The valve gap movement of the FMs was monitored by installing a magnet on one valve and a Hall effect sensor on the other valve and recording the magnetic field between the magnet and the sensor itself using an Arduino board, which changes according to the distance between the two valves. The recorded data was then analysed using the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) analysis to study the time-dependent frequency of the signals. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory flume and in the River Paglia (Italy). The laboratory experiments were carried out with FMs in two configurations: freely moving or immobilised on vertical bars. The immobilised configuration was necessary for the field application to prevent the FRMs from packing against the downstream wall of the protection cage during floods. These experiments allowed us to verify that immobilised mussels show similar responses to abrupt increases in flow conditions as free mussels, but produce more consistent and interpretable signals than free mussels due to the reduced number of features resulting from movement constraints. We then analysed the response of thirteen immobilised mussels in real river conditions during a moderate flood on 31 March 2022.  The FMs in the field showed a rapid and significant change in valve gap frequency as the flood escalated, confirming the laboratory results. These results highlight the effectiveness of using FMs as bioindicators for assessing flood impacts on aquatic ecosystems, and emphasise the utility of CWT as a powerful signal processing tool for analysing valvometric time series. The study proposes the integration of FM valvometry and CWT for the development of operational real-time Biological Early Warning Systems (BEWS) aimed to monitor and protect aquatic ecosystems.
A gap-filled global long-term satellite soil moisture climate data record from ESA CCI SM
Authors: Preimesberger Wolfgang , Stradiotti Pietro , Frederikse Thomas , Hirschi Martin , Rodriguez-Fernandez Nemesio , Gruber Alexander , Dorigo Wouter
Published: March 2024

ESA CCI Soil Moisture is a multi-satellite climate data record that consists of harmonized, daily observations coming at present from 19 satellites operating in the microwave domain. The wealth of satellite information, particularly over the last decade, facilitates the creation of a data record with the highest possible data consistency and coverage.However, data gaps are still found in the record. This is particularly notable in earlier periods when a limited number of satellites were in operation, but can also arise from various retrieval issues, such as frozen soils, dense vegetation, and radio frequency interference (RFI). These data gaps present a challenge for many users, as they have the potential to obscure relevant events within a study area or are incompatible with (machine learning) software that often relies on gap-free inputs.Since the requirement of a gap-filled ESA CCI SM product was identified, various studies have demonstrated the suitability of different statistical methods to achieve this goal. A fundamental feature of such gap-filling method is to rely only on the original observational record, without need for ancillary variable or model-based information. Due to the intrinsic challenge, there was until present no global, long-term univariate gap-filled product available.In this study we address this requirement and introduce the ESA CCI SM GAP-FILLED product. We present the framework around a widely used discrete cosine transform based method (DCT-PLS), and discuss the interpolation of soil moisture in the case of frozen soils and dense vegetation cover. We demonstrate a method to model the expected uncertainty introduced by the interpolation process. We evaluate the impact of gap-filling on the data set and thereof derived statistics such as anomalies and long-term trends. 
Forecasting extreme events with the crossing-point forecast 
Authors: Ben Bouallegue Zied
Published: March 2024

The crossing-point forecast (CPF) is a new type of ensemble-based forecast developed at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. The crossing point refers to the intersection between the cumulative probability distribution of a forecast and the cumulative probability distribution of a model climatology. Originally, the CPF has emerged as a consistent forecast with the diagonal score, a weighted version of the continuous ranked probability score targeting high-impact events. Ranging between 0 and 1, the CPF can serve as an index for high-impact weather and thus directly be compared with the well-established extreme forecast index. The CPF is also interpretable in terms of a return period and conveys a sense of a “probabilistic worst-case scenario”.  Using a recent example of an extreme event affecting Europe, we illustrate and discuss the performance and specificities of this new type of forecast for extreme weather forecasting.Ben Bouallegue, Z (2023).  Seamless prediction of high-impact weather events: a comparison of actionable forecasts. arXiv:2312.01673
Micromorphological insights within the Middle Pleistocene-Holocene cave sediment record of Grotta Romanelli, Italy.
Authors: Mariani Guido Stefano , Pieruccini Pierluigi , Susini Davide , Forti Luca , Mazzini Ilaria , Sardella Raffaele
Published: March 2024

Grotta Romanelli (Apulia, southern Italy) is a key-site in Mediterranean archaeology. In the long history of excavations since the early 20th century, its sedimentary archive has revealed important information about human frequentation, vertebrate faunas, and environmental changes, inside a time frame which includes the Middle Pleistocene (ca. 350 ka BP) and the Early Holocene (ca 11 ka BP). The peculiarity of the sedimentary succession, which consists of fine- to very fine-grained sediments with weakly-developed or massive sedimentary structures, determined a thorough micromorphological investigation. Indeed, these sedimentary structures are often associated with human-settled cave environments. Thus, the micromorphological analysis is of utmost importance for determining the sedimentary and geomorphological context of an archaeological site. In this respect, we present for the first time the results at a more detailed scale of the depositional environments of Grotta Romanelli, in order to understand the role of sedimentary, post-depositional and anthropogenic processes in the formation of the stratigraphy of the cave.The micromorphological investigation highlights several microfacies associated with the finer-grained sediments. The sediments within the deposit is mainly allochthonous as evidenced by the abundance of aeolian quartz and remnants of leached soils, thus indicating erosion and transport into the cave. Moreover, the characterisation of the microfacies suggests runoff and standing water processes as main agents of the internal redistribution of material. This also includes, albeit to a lesser extent, phases of biological activity, as well as phases of relative surface stability and anthropogenic contributions. Anthropogenic inputs are mainly related to fire activity and food exploitation, such as charcoal, charred plant tissue, and burnt bones. Notwithstanding the extensive volume of sediments excavated during historical archaeological campaigns, especially in the mid-frontal sectors, results show that anthropogenic inputs are not restricted to specific areas within the cave, due to its dimensions, rather they are sporadically scattered across the microfacies.
Stream Meandering in Coastal Wetlands: Patterns, Processes, and Ecomorphodynamics Implications
Authors: Finotello Alvise , Gao Chao , Lazarus Eli D. , D'Alpaos Andrea , Ghinassi Massimiliano , Ielpi Alessandro , Rinaldo Andrea , Parker Gary , Gao Peng , Wang Ya Ping , Tognin Davide
Published: March 2024

The sinuous channels that wind through tidal coastal wetlands resemble meandering rivers. However, features indicative of active meandering over time, such as oxbow lakes and meander cutoffs, are challenging to find in tidal realms. Specifically, while alluvial plains shaped by meandering rivers are filled with scars of meander cutoffs, tidal coastal settings have been perceived by geomorphologists for much of the past century as lacking morphological evidence of cutoff events, even though both environments exhibit similar meander-planform dynamics and width-adjusted migration rates. This led to the broad interpretation that tidal and fluvial meanders differ morphodynamically.We re-examined this conclusion by identifying, measuring, and compiling examples of meander cutoffs from various tidal coastal wetlands and fluvial floodplains worldwide. We suggest that cutoffs in tidal meanders are far more widespread than previously thought, and the shapes and geometric properties of tidal and river cutoffs are indeed remarkably similar. This indicates that while tidal and fluvial environments differ in many ways, they nevertheless share the same physical mechanism affecting meander morphodynamical evolution.The perceived scarcity of tidal cutoffs is likely a result of pronounced channel density and hydrological connectivity in coastal wetlands, coupled with the reduced size of most tidal channels and dense vegetation cover. Moreover, despite allegedly similar forming mechanisms, morphodynamic differences arise after meanders have cut off. We observe that tidal meanders remain preferentially connected to the channel from which they originated, preventing the formation of crescent-shaped oxbow lakes and thus making tidal cutoffs more difficult to detect.While these factors do not erase tidal meander cutoffs, they collectively inhibit oxbow-lake formation and render tidal cutoffs ephemeral, hardly detectable geomorphic features. We thus argue that similar morphodynamic processes drive cutoff formation in tidal and fluvial landscapes, with differences arising only during post-cutoff evolution. This bears important implications for understanding the ecomorphodynamics of coastal wetlands and predicting their long-term evolution.
Sedimentary greigite formation and stability
Authors: Roberts Andrew , Rickard David , Navrotsky Alexandra
Published: March 2024

Since the classic work of R.A. Berner, greigite (Fe3S4) has been considered a metastable iron sulfide that forms as a precursor to pyrite (FeS2). However, revised thermodynamic data now indicate that greigite is a stable sedimentary Fe-S phase. Equilibrium computations with the revised data explain key aspects of sedimentary greigite occurrences. Greigite has a large stability area in pE-pH space relative to pyrite. It dominates in low pE regimes, which is consistent with its widespread occurrence in methanic sediments. It also has a small but significant stability field near the sulfate-sulfide stability boundary. Its significance increases in environments with relatively high dissolved Fe:S ratios, which explains its occurrence in freshwater sediments and iron-enriched marine sediments. It is also a paleoenvironmental marker for transitional environments, especially between freshwater and marine systems. Widespread sedimentary greigite occurrence is consistent with its stability. It is stable with respect to pyrite and monoclinic pyrrhotite to over 200 °C, and its presence indicates that enclosing rocks have not exceeded this temperature for prolonged periods since greigite formation. However, greigite is sensitive to oxidation and its long-term geological preservation depends mostly on protection from oxidation by low sediment permeability or enclosure in other materials. Also, most sedimentary and biological greigite forms via equilibrium reactions involving mackinawite-like precursors, but greigite is not a precursor to pyrite; these minerals form independently during sedimentary diagenesis.
Modelling the latent heat transport through secondary circulations
Authors: Wanner Luise , Jung Martin , Paleri Sreenath , Butterworth Brian , Desai Ankur , Sühring Matthias , Mauder Matthias
Published: March 2024

More frequent and more severe droughts and heat waves in the context of climate change are increasingly affecting the ability of ecosystems to meet their water demand. Quantifying the water demand of different ecosystems is therefore a fundamental step in developing management strategies to maintain intact ecosystems that function as CO2 sinks. The evapotranspiration of an ecosystem can be determined as latent heat flux using the eddy covariance (EC) method. However, a commonly found gap in the energy balance indicates that the atmospheric transport of sensible and latent heat is underestimated by single-tower EC measurements. One reason for this systematic error is transport through mesoscale secondary circulations, which inherently cannot be captured by such measurements. This transport fraction, so-called dispersive fluxes, is particularly large over heterogeneous surfaces. We present a novel model that is able to predict this dispersive flux of latent heat, thereby taking into account the effect of thermal surface heterogeneity. This model has been developed by combining a machine-learning approach with a large set of idealized large-eddy simulations covering different surface-heterogeneity scales and stability regimes. We further evaluate how the model can be applied to 30-minute EC measurements without additional instrumentation at the example of the CHEESEHEAD19 field campaign. An initial application to these real-world measurements together with realistic concurrent large-eddy simulations indicate a good agreement.