bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network pharmacology-based anti-obesity activity of Gavedhuka (a millet): In silico study
Authors: Pathak Vijay Kumar
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Millet is a small-seeded crop widely used in Ayurveda for maintaining health; it has a significant effect on the economic impacts in developing countries. In Ayurveda, Gavedhuka (Coix lacryma-jobi L.), a type of millet, is described for its anti-obesity activity. The prevalence of obesity has been increasing across the globe in past few decades. With increase in prevalence, mortality risks among obese persons have also been increasing. The objective of this study was to explore the activity of Gavedhuka (C. lacryma-jobi L.) in obesity using network pharmacology.

METHODS:

Bioactive components present in Gavedhuka (C. lacryma-jobi L.) were retrieved from the Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutics databases. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) study and target prediction of bioactive components was assessed with online software tools (SwissADME and SwissTargetPrediction tool). The targets of obesity were retrieved from the GeneCards database. The common targets of obesity between targets retrieved from GeneCards database and targets obtained from bioactive components were screened. The herb–bioactive–target network was constructed and visualized by software (Cytoscape 3.9.1). Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on the common targets for activity of Gavedhuka (C. lacryma-jobi L.) in obesity.

RESULTS:

A total of 24 bioactive components were obtained from Gavedhuka (C. lacryma-jobi L.), out of which 11 bioactives qualified for the ADME study and nine bioactive-related targets were collected from these ADME-qualified bioactive. After removal of duplicates targets, a total of seven targets were finalized, and all seven targets were found common between targets of obesity retrieved from GeneCards.

CONCLUSION:

Palmitic acid was the top bioactive linked to more targets, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha were the top crucial targets of Gavedhuka (C. lacryma-jobi L.) for its activity in obesity. The KEGG pathway enrichment indicated that the activities of Gavedhuka (C. lacryma-jobi L.) in obesity are primarily connected to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway. These observations may open new thoughts for future investigations into the mechanisms behind the activity of Gavedhuka (C. lacryma-jobi L.) in other diseases also.
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Positron Emission Tomography in Head and Neck Cancers among Oral Physicians in South India: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Christy A. Winnifred , Sudhakar Uma , Saravanan Thalaimalai
Published: January 2025

Background:

Positron emission tomography (PET) when combined with computed tomography (CT) offers an accurate extent of disease and provides additional information regarding nodal and distant metastases.

Aim:

To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding PET in head and neck cancers among oral physicians in south India.

Methodology:

It was a web-based cross-sectional survey done with a customized questionnaire among dentists with postgraduate specialization in oral medicine and radiology in southern parts of India. The response rate was 75%.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 37.6 years, and the mean years of their clinical experience were 10.3. Almost 95% were aware that PET CT helps in detecting distant metastases, 82% of them knew that PET CT helps in assessing treatment response and in detecting recurrence. 62% were uncertain about the actual need for a PET CT scan. About 74.1% of the physicians strongly wanted to include the imaging procedures and interpretations in the postgraduate curriculum.

Conclusion:

This study leads to recommendations to add PET CT procedures and interpretations to the postgraduate curriculum and to conduct workshops at the annual conferences of the specialty to help update their knowledge in this field.
Investigating the Prevalence of Third Molar Agenesis in Western Tamil Nadu: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Venkatesan Nivethitha , Lakshmi Suman J. , Somasundaram Elangovan , Balasubramaniyam Senthil K.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Due to changes in the dietary habits, functional load for the teeth has relatively reduced nowadays. This had increased the agenesis of third molars. This study aims to create awareness about the increasing existence of agenesis of third molars.

Aim:

To examine the rate of third molar agenesis in the population of western Tamil Nadu.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using 5,000 digital orthopantomographs (OPGs) of patients aged 10–16 years to observe the prevalence of third molar agenesis in Western Tamil Nadu. The quadrant without the evidence of a crypt was considered agenesis. Each digital OPG was evaluated in accordance with age, sex, and quadrants. Descriptive analysis and Pearson’s Chi–square test were performed.

Results:

The overall prevalence of third molar agenesis was 15.34%. The incidence of third molar agenesis was observed to be higher among individuals aged 10 and 11 years. OPGs of patients under the age group of 10 years had a prevalence of agenesis of 18 (88.4%) and 28 (84.5%). There were no significant differences in accordance to sex. The third molar agenesis in this study listed in descending order of frequency were, 18 (32.2%), 28 (31.0%), 48 (18.6%), 38 (18.1%)

Conclusion:

The prevalence of third molar agenesis in Western Tamil Nadu was 15.34%, with higher rates observed among 10- and 11-year-olds. Thus, this study proposes that the concept of increasing prevalence of third molars agenesis should be remembered when choosing third molars as a tool for age estimation.
Comparing the Efficacy of Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in the Management of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kalaivanan Vishalini , Muruppel Alex M. , Deepthi Angeline , Ranjitha E. Gracelin , Deepak J. John Hearty , Murugan Kandasamy
Published: January 2025

Background:

TMJ disorder is a common presenting condition in the dental clinic. There are various treatment modalities for the management of TMD. No specific therapy has proven its superiority over other therapies. However, the noninvasive procedures are safe and patient friendly with no side effects. Hence, we compared the efficacy of TENS and LLLT in this study.

Objectives:

To compare and evaluate the efficacy of TENS and LLLT in the treatment of TMJ disorder. To reduce pain intensity, muscular tenderness, and improve the mouth opening.

Methods:

Ten patients with TMJ symptoms coming under the Groups I and II of research diagnostic criteria are included in the study. The study was done as split mouth technique, where TENS was performed in one side and LLLT was performed in another side of the TMJ. Both the therapies were performed in a total of 9 sessions in alternative days. Pain intensity was measured using VAS before and after the procedure for each session and recorded. Statistical evaluation was done by using SPSS version 22 [using ANOVA and Mann–Whitney test (P < 0.05)].

Results:

Analyzing the pain intensities of both groups using VAS score at the end of each session showed statistically significant changes in pain reduction.

Conclusion:

Both therapies were effective in the treatment of TMJ disorder. However, LLLT is more efficient than transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation.
Intermediate Osteopetrosis with Hooked-Shaped Phalanges
Authors: Malik Sangeeta , Panwar Abhilash , Kamarthi Nagaraju , Goel Sumit
Published: January 2025

Osteopetrosis is a bone condition caused by an abnormality in the function of osteoclasts. The absence of normal osteoclasts results in aberrant primary skeleton development and subsequent pathological bone turnover. When a blind patient presented to the hospital with recurrent pus discharge and was diagnosed with osteopetrosis, a unique radiological finding emerged.
TONGUE—A NEWER BIOMETRIC: An Observational Study
Authors: Rajendran Vishnu , Murugan Arul Jothi , Ganesan Anuradha
Published: January 2025

Background:

The tongue is an integral internal organ which is shielded from its outside environment within the oral cavity. Every individual has a distinct morphology and surface characteristics that can be employed for personal identification.

Aim:

To analyze the morphological alterations on the dorsum of the tongue using digital images and determine their significance for person identification.

Objectives:

To clinically examine the dorsum of the tongue and take digital photographs. To observe the morphological variations seen on the tongue surface. To assess the usefulness of observed morphological variations in personal identification.

Materials and Methods:

Our study included 104 participants, aged 21–41 years, reporting to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology for various concerns. All the participants were examined visually; to assess various morphological patterns of the tongue, digital images of the dorsum of the tongue were taken.

Results:

Statistical analysis showed that U-shaped tongue was predominant in both sexes, and smooth borders were more common in females (82.7%) than males (63.5%). Male participants showed single or multiple fissures more commonly.

Conclusion:

Considering the uniqueness, genetic independence, and simple procedure, tongue print can be considered biometric identification along with other forensic identification techniques.
Analyzing Morphometry of Foramen Magnum using CBCT: A Forensic Radiology Study
Authors: Misra Deepankar , Bateja Sumit
Published: January 2025

Background:

Foramen magnum is the largest aperture at the base of the skull. The crucial tissues that travel via the foramen magnum make its proportions extremely important from a therapeutic standpoint.

Objectives:

The study’s objective was to do morphometric analysis of foramen magnum and to obtain any gender-wise or age-wise correlation between these measurements of foramen magnum in population of Western Uttar Pradesh using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods:

450 CBCT scans of the subjects aged between 11 and 70 years were used in the study. To ascertain the growth rate, variations between groups, and variations in the size of the foramen by sex, the transverse and sagittal dimensions were measured. A statistical analysis of the data was done.

Results:

The mean transverse and sagittal diameters of the foramen magnum for the total group were 28.76 (±3.66) mm and 34.58 (±5.26) mm, respectively. The results were found to be smallest in 11–20 age group gradually increasing in size to attain maximum size in the age group 31–40 years before declining with growing age. The results were statistically significant for both transverse and sagittal dimensions (P = 0.00). However, gender-wise, the dimensions were statistically nonsignificant; they were larger in males than in females.

Conclusion:

The foramen magnum size showed age dependence, with measurements comparable to males and females.
Acupuncture Therapy in the Management of Orofacial Pain and Headaches: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Neralla Ananya , Mishra Silpiranjan , Chinnannavar Sangamesh Ningappa , Bhuvaneshwari S. , Bajoria Atul A. , Singh Dhirendra K.
Published: January 2025

Background:

The patient’s quality of life may be impacted by pain and dysfunction ranging from moderate discomfort to severe agony.

Objective:

To evaluate the viability of acupuncture for managing orofacial pain and headaches through meta-analysis.

Methodology:

The review was conducted following “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” (PRISMA) 2020 and registered in PROSPERO-CRD42034561. Databases were searched for studies evaluating the effectiveness of acupuncture compared to conventional therapy for managing orofacial pain and headaches and their effect on pain reduction from June 1991 till April 2023. Revman software version 5.3 was used for quality assessment, while the Cochrane risk of bias (ROB)-2 tool was used for randomized controlled trials (RCT). Standardized mean difference (SMD) was summarized using a random effect model.

Results:

Moderate to low ROB was revealed on quality assessment. The pooled estimate favored acupuncture in reducing orofacial pain – SMD = 0.76 (−1.27–0.26), reducing headache with SMD is 0.11 (−0.34–0.12) compared to alternative therapies. Systematic heterogeneity was revealed on funnel plots indicating the presence of publication bias.

Conclusion:

Acupuncture is more effective in reducing orofacial pains and headaches. Further trials are needed to support the results of our study.
Assessment of the Alterations in Craniovertebral Angle Attributed to Continued Digital Usage as an Etiology for Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in North Indian Population: A Pilot Case-Control Study
Authors: Sharma Manisha Lakhanpal , Kaur Simran
Published: January 2025

Context:

Alterations in the craniovertebral angle (CVA) affect the neutral head position setting in a cascade of changes in the cranio-cervico-mandibular complex.

Objectives:

This study correlates TMDs with forward head posture (FHP), digital usage, and neck pain.

Methods and Material:

Seventy subjects of the age group 30-40 were given a standardized questionnaire for TMD assessment followed by a thorough clinical examination of TMJ complex. Thereafter, subjects were divided into two groups. Standardized questionnaires were recorded for neck pain and digital usage. Furthermore, CVA was evaluated by a universal goniometer.

Statistical Analysis:

One-way ANOVA, unpaired t test, Shapiro–Wilk test, Pearson Coefficient, and Leven’s test were used.

Results:

In the study group, the prevalence of FHP was 94.2%. There was a significant association between FHP and screen time, neck pain as well as TMDs. However, the association between screen time and TMDs was insignificant.

Conclusions:

TMDs should be managed using the holistic approach which incorporates a reduction in digital usage, correction of posture, therapeutics for cervicofacial muscles, and TMJ.
A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study to Assess Maxillary Canine Impactions Among Maharashtra State Population of India
Authors: Ashwinirani S R , Suragimath Girish , Basavaraj Sowbhagya Malligere
Published: January 2025

Background:

Impacted maxillary canines are the second most impactions of teeth, causing functional and esthetic complications.

Objectives:

To study the type, position, and prevalence of maxillary canine impactions among Maharashtra state population of India, with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods:

A cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective study was performed using 1200 CBCT images of maxillary jaw, retrieved from the archives of dental radiology records. All the CBCT images were assessed by a senior oral radiologist to evaluate the type, prevalence, and position of maxillary canine impactions based on Yamamoto classification. Statistical analysis was performed using frequency and percentage with a statistical software.

Results:

Of 1200 images, 62.3% were of males and 37.8% were of females. Unilateral canine impactions (68.3%), on the right side (64%) were more common than the bilateral canine impaction (31.7%). Maxillary canine impaction prevalence was 6.8%, which was higher among females (13.2%) than males (2.9%), with statistically significant differences. Type II canine impactions were the maximum in our population.

Conclusions:

The maxillary canine impaction prevalence in Maharashtra state population was 6.8% and statistically more among the females. Unilateral impactions on the right side and Type II impactions as per Yamamoto classification were more predominant.
Secretory Status and ABO (H) Antigens Expression in Patients with Potentially Malignant and Malignant Oral Disorders Associated with Habits
Authors: Dcosta Zeena , Ahmed Junaid , Shenoy Nandita , Sujir Nanditha , Govindarajan Giridharan , Gupta Aarti
Published: January 2025

Background:

Blood group antigens, known as ABO antigens, are located on the surface of red blood cells and other types of epithelial cells. Changes in these antigens are important for the diagnosis of oral malignancies.

Objectives:

The purpose of the study was to look into the secretory status and expression of ABO (H) antigens in individuals who had tobacco-related habits and possibly malignant and malignant oral illnesses.

Materials and Methods:

Three groups of ninety patients (OPMD, OSCC, and Controls) were created, and each group’s blood type was identified. An inhibition test was used to find out how secretory saliva was.

Results:

Among various patients, nonsecretors predominated in the category followed by ‘A’ secretors. Premalignant individuals exhibited a partial reduction in antigens, while cancer patients displayed a partial to full depletion of blood group antigens. This correlation was found to be statistically notable (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Blood group classification ought to be factored in alongside other risk elements to comprehend the individual patient’s susceptibility to malignant progression in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs).
Analysis of Inter-radicular Septum in the Treatment Planning for the Placement of Immediate Maxillary Molar Implants: A Retrospective Cone Beam CT Study
Authors: Karmarkar Pradnya , Mhapuskar Amit , Hiremutt Darshan R. Prasad , Kale Isha , Bhokare Akash
Published: January 2025

Background:

Our study highlights the assessment of inter-radicular septum (IRS) on cone beam CT (CBCT) as an important pretreatment tool for immediate maxillary molar implant (IMI) placement. The aim of our study was to evaluate the suitability of the IRS of the maxillary first and second molars on CBCT to receive IMI.

Objectives:

The objectives of our study were to measure and compare IRS dimensions of the first and second molars and to assess the suitability of maxillary first and second molars to house an immediate implant.

Method:

In total, 200 CBCT scans (100 each for first and second molars) that display IRS completely were selected for the study. The IRS was analyzed in all three dimensions. Then, the percentage of first and second maxillary molars that were suitable to receive an IMI based on Smith and Tarnow’s classification was calculated.

Results:

It was found that 89% first and 71% of second molars were eligible sites for IMI.

Conclusion:

Careful evaluation of IRS will lead to a better prognosis for IMI.
Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Property of Herbal Gel Containing Saffron, Withania Somnifera, Dry Ginger, and Tulsi Against Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Mahalingam Madhumitha , Pillai Devika S. , Shanmugam Rajesh Kumar
Published: January 2025

Background:

Oral ulcers are frequent ulcerative conditions in the oral cavity that cause pain, recur often, and negatively impact quality of life.

Aim and Objective:

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of herbal extracts containing saffron, Withania somnifera, dry ginger, and tulsi as anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic agents for treating oral ulcers.

Materials and Methods:

A blend of 1 g each of tulsi, Withania somnifera, and dry ginger powders was mixed with 100 ml of distilled water and heated at 50 to 60 degrees Celsius for 15 minutes. The anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities were tested by adding 5 ml of the extract to a gel composed of 5 g of carboxylate methyl cellulose and carbopol. The anti-inflammatory properties of the herbs were assessed using the Membrane Stabilization Assay, BSA Assay, and EA Assay, while the cytotoxic effect was evaluated using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay.

Results:

The Membrane Stabilization Assay at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 micrograms/ml showed values of 53, 64, 77, 79, and 85, respectively. The BSA Assay results were 42, 56, 67, 75, and 77, and the EA Assay results were 54, 61, 65, 69, and 78. The P values were 0.658 for the Membrane Stabilization Assay, 0.281 for the BSA Assay, and 0.647 for the EA Assay. These values indicate that the herbal ingredients’ cytotoxic activity is comparable to the standard.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that the natural components of medicinal herbs can effectively treat oral ulcers, improving patients’ quality of life. Thus, herbal medicines can be used alongside commercially available allopathic drugs.
Imaging Characteristics of Odontogenic Keratocysts: A Retrospective Radiographic Study
Authors: Nair Admaja K. , Lamees Fathimath , Sreela L. S.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) poses diagnostic challenges due to its aggressive nature and varied clinical as well as radiographic presentations, often resembling other cysts and tumors. The buccolingual to mesiodistal width ratio has been proposed as a potential radiographic parameter for diagnosing OKC.

Aim:

This study aimed to characterize OKC radiographically using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as well as panoramic radiographs, exploring the utility of the buccolingual to mesiodistal width ratio for diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:

An OKC retrospective radiography investigation was conducted with CBCT and panoramic radiographs from an archival database of patients in our institution, reported from 2019 to 2022. A total of 28 cases that were histopathologically confirmed OKC were analyzed.

Results:

Analyzing 28 histopathologically confirmed OKC cases, the mean age was 29.3 years, with a 3:4 female-to-male ratio. Predominantly located in the posterior mandible (60%), only one case occurred in the maxilla. The buccolingual to mesiodistal width ratio was <0.5 in 71% of cases, and over 80% exhibited unilocular radiolucency with scalloped borders.

Conclusion:

CBCT’s width-length ratio has emerged as a significant diagnostic factor, though histopathology remains the gold standard. The research emphasizes the significance of considering radiographic parameters, with potential implications for OKC diagnosis.
Impact of Smoking on Oxygen Saturation, Carboxyhemoglobin, and Carbon Monoxide Levels: A Pilot Study of Chairside Biomarkers for Smoking Status
Authors: Binny Christeena , Jacob Mathew , Fenn Saramma M.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Tobacco use is associated with various health risks, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

Aim:

The objective of this study is to assess the levels of oxygen saturation, carboxyhemoglobin, and carbon monoxide in smokers compared to nonsmokers.

Methods:

Participants who had refrained from smoking for 3 hours prior to measuring exhaled carbon monoxide and carboxyhemoglobin levels. After holding their breath for 15 s, they exhaled into a breath analyzer, which displayed carbon monoxide (ppm) and carboxyhemoglobin levels (%). Oxygen saturation was measured with a pulse oximeter on the right index finger.

Results:

Significant differences were found in carbon monoxide and carboxyhemoglobin levels between cigarette smokers and Beedi smokers as well as between cigarette smokers and nonsmokers (P = 0.001). Beedi smokers also showed higher levels than nonsmokers (P = 0.001). Using ANOVA, differences in these levels across the groups (P = 0.001) were observed. Correlation analysis showed positive associations between carbon monoxide and carboxyhemoglobin and negative correlations between oxygen saturation and these parameters. Carboxyhemoglobin was significantly correlated with both carbon monoxide and oxygen saturation.

Conclusion:

The findings indicate that oxygen saturation, carboxyhemoglobin, and carbon monoxide levels are effective chairside biomarkers of smoking status, offering smokers immediate feedback on the harmful effects of smoking.
The Unyielding Enigma
Authors: John Hima , Mary Jiss , James Jeslin , Devu S
Published: January 2025

Scleroderma, an autoimmune connective tissue disorder marked by profound fibrosis in visceral organs, skin, and blood vessels, exhibits oral manifestations typically initiating with tongue rigidity and facial skin alterations. It presents with a plethora of radiological and systemic presentations. This case report details the clinical and radiographic features of a 45-year-old female and a 30-year-old male, both presenting classic manifestations of the disease and a short review of literature has been made.
Evaluation of Maxillary and Sphenoidal Sinuses’ Volume and Bizygomatic Width Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography – A Promising Tool for Sex Determination
Authors: Sivasamy Indhumathi , Ramakarishna Pinakapani , Johaley Satyapal , Sikdar Sarbani Deb , Jain Shilpa K. , Diwan Raj Kumar
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Sex determination is a critical step in the identification of individuals in forensic medicine. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an excellent tool for analyzing the volume of paranasal sinuses that can be used for sex determination.

Aim:

To measure and compare sexual dimorphism in the bizygomatic distance and the volumes of the maxillary and sphenoidal sinuses on CBCT images and evaluate their significance in sex determination.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted using 102 CBCT scans, which were analyzed using ITK-SNAP software to determine the volumes of the maxillary sinus and sphenoidal sinuses. The bizygomatic width was measured in the axial section. The differences in the volumes of the maxillary and sphenoidal sinuses and bizygomatic width were assessed for their significance in sex determination. The study population was divided into male and female groups (51 males and 51 females). The age range was 20–75 years. Statistical analysis was conducted using independent t-tests and discriminant functional analysis.

Results:

Statistically significant differences were observed in bizygomatic width, right maxillary sinus volume, left sphenoidal sinus volume, total maxillary sinus volume, and total sphenoidal sinus volume (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Adult paranasal sinus volumes and bizygomatic width analyzed using CBCT may be useful for sex determination in forensic investigations.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection Modulates Inflammatory Cytokines in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mahdi Karar Abdulzahra , Al-Mudhafar Muhassad H. , Hanweet Dunya Malhan
Published: January 2025

Background:

Temporomandibular disorders are conditions that affect the structures of the jaw joint. These conditions can cause a variety of symptoms, including discomfort, restricted movement, and the inability to perform certain functions.

Objectives:

To investigate the impact of providing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections on the levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the synovial fluid of patients who were experiencing traumatic knee dislocations (TMDs), the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of these injections.

Methodology:

Intra-articular PRP injections were administered to 33 individuals diagnosed with TMDs. Samples of synovial fluid were taken both at baseline and two months after the PRP injection. The determination of TNF-α and IL-8 concentrations was carried out by utilizing ELISA Kits. For statistical analysis, the paired t-test was utilized.

Results:

TNF-α levels (baseline mean = 26.55 pg/mL, post-PRP, mean = 18.79 pg/mL) and IL-8 levels (baseline mean = 72.28 pg/mL, post-PRP mean = 6.83 pg/mL) were significantly reduced after PRP therapy.

Conclusion:

The decrease in TNF-α and IL-8 levels following PRP injection indicates a potential anti-inflammatory effect in TMDs. PRP’s growth factors may help reverse degenerative changes by promoting tissue regeneration and repair.
Transmigrated Mandibular Canine and Impacted Maxillary Canines – A Distinctive Case Report
Authors: Babu Anu , Shenoy Prashanth , Chatra Laxmikanth , Buch Sajad Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Migration of teeth is a well-known phenomenon, but dental transmigration, that is, pre-eruptive shifting of teeth across the midline, is a rare anomaly. Transmigration occurs mainly in impacted teeth and is almost seen primarily in canines. Maxillary canines rarely transmigrate despite being impacted 20 times more than the mandibular canines. The transmigrated canines are usually asymptomatic, and initial panoramic radiographs are essential for their diagnosis. Three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography is considered more effective for the diagnosis of transmigrated canines since it can help in a more precise location of transmigrated teeth and give a detailed insight into adjacent roots, resorption, and calcific metamorphosis.
Postsurgical Guillain–Barré Syndrome Presenting as Seizures: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kurbet Santosh , Angadi Akshata , Aurangabadkar Mihir Kaustubh , Kamate Mahesh
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Postsurgical Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an unrecognized and uncommon complication seen in children. Postsurgical GBS complicated by severe acute hypertension secondary to dysautonomia can present as seizures because of underlying posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. The neuropathic symptoms of GBS following surgery are often missed and attributed to other postoperative problems like sedation and postoperative pain. Here, we report a challenging case of seizures in the postoperative period that was due to autonomic dysfunction secondary to GBS following bowel surgery.
Extrarenal Pyelocalyceal System or Extrarenal Calyces: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Selvarajan Namasivayam , Nammalwar B.R. , Kannan Sairam V , Muralinath S. , Venkataramanan Rochita , Ramasundaram Madhu , Kamaraj Senthil Ganesh , Raj Jai Durai , Nandhini G. , Tamizhvanan Vidhya
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Extrarenal pyelocalyceal system or extrarenal calyces, a congenital anomaly, is identified when it presents with pelviureteric junction obstruction. It is elusive to preoperative diagnosis and was identified only intraoperatively in all published pediatric cases. Experience gained by managing a series of cases and a literature search has guided us to evolve a preoperative diagnostic approach, a pyelotomy technique, and a practical classification of the EPS. During the period from 2003 to 2023, four cases with six kidneys of the EPS including three kidneys of the polar extrarenal infundibulum and calyces, a variant of EPS involving only upper or lower pole of the kidney, were seen. Successful pyeloplasty was performed in five of the six kidneys for PUJO using a careful pyelotomy technique. Characteristic “garden rake” X-ray sign was seen in intravenous urogram or retrograde pyelogram, contrast-enhanced computerized tomogram, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen in three kidneys. Retrograde pyelogram, CECT, or MRI of the abdomen identified the polar variant in three kidneys. Late-onset PUJO was seen in one case. Four cases with PUJO presented with significantly reduced renal function. One showed postoperative deterioration to nonfunction despite good drainage. A preoperative diagnostic approach, a pyelotomy technique for pyeloplasty, and a classification of the EPS are evolved by the authors. Progressive loss of function and late-onset obstruction mandate a renal-sparing pyeloplasty approach and follow-up.
Utilising uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for pericardial window: A 12-year single-centre experience in the diagnosis and treatment of pericardial effusion
Authors: Agar Mehmet , Gulcek Ilham , Kalkan Muhammed , Ulutas Hakki , Celik Muhammet Reha
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (Uni-VATS) is an effective minimally invasive technique for pericardial drainage, biopsy and window creation in cases of pericardial effusion (PE).

Patients and Methods:

This retrospective study evaluated 73 patients with PE who underwent pericardial window procedures between 2012 and 2024. Intraoperative and post-operative data related to Uni-VATS were assessed.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 53.79 ± 17.79 years (10–82 years), with 34 (46.6%) females and 39 (53.4%) males. The mean volume of pericardial fluid drained after window creation was 446.23 ± 199.81 cc (75–1100 cc). The mean operation time was 42.87 ± 12.79 min, and chest drain removal occurred after an average of 1.8 ± 1.2 days. The mean duration until discharge or referral to the follow-up clinic was 5.98 ± 2.14 days. In addition to the pericardial window procedure, pleural biopsy was performed in 12 patients, mediastinal mass biopsy in eight patients and wedge resection for parenchymal nodules in six patients. Microbiologic and virologic cultures of the fluids were negative in all cases. Among the 41 patients with benign cytology, pericardial biopsy results indicated tuberculosis in four patients (5.4%), amyloidosis in one patient (1.3%) and chronic or subacute nonspecific pericarditis in the remaining patients.

Conclusion:

Uni-VATS is a novel and safe technique that may be the preferred choice for pericardial window due to its diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy, ability to perform simultaneous procedures, favourable impact on operation duration/hospital stay, low complication rates and superiority compared to traditional methods.
Acute angle closure and myopia shift after topiramate use: Case report and literature review
Authors: Prabhakar Srinivasapuram Krishnachary , Prabhu Pratheek , Shivarama Poojitha , Shivakumar Shivani , Nataraj Shreya , Prabhu Kedar Janardhan
Published: January 2025

A 22-year-old female patient presented with a 1-day history of bilateral visual loss after topiramate use. Visual acuity was counting fingers at 2 m with high myopia detected on autorefractometry in both eyes. The anterior chamber angles were graded as 1 by Van Herrick’s method, and the scleral spur was barely visible on gonioscopy. Intraocular pressures were 50 and 56 mm Hg in the right and left eyes, respectively. Topiramate was discontinued, while topical tropicamide, dexamethasone, dorzolamide, and timolol were administered. The pretreatment axial lengths were 22.53 and 22.48 mm in the right and left eyes, respectively, while the post-treatment values were 22.43 and 22.45 mm. Pretreatment anterior chamber depths were 2.20 and 2.10 mm in the right and left eyes, respectively, increasing to 3.09 and 3.11 mm after treatment. The pretreatment lens thickness and vitreous length were 3.88 and 16.46 mm in the right eye and 3.32 and 17.07 mm in the left eye, respectively. After treatment, these values decreased to 3.38 and 15.96 mm in the right eye and 3.25 and 16.10 mm in the left eye. Thickening of the retina-choroidal complex and expansion of Tenon’s space were observed on the B-scan. Iris bombe, peripheral iridocorneal apposition, and a higher lens vault were noted with a marked reduction in angle opening distance and trabecular iris space area on anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Pretreatment central corneal thickness and lens vault were 674 and 458 μm, respectively, decreasing to 559 and −279 μm after treatment. Refractive status, intraocular pressures, and imaging findings were restored to normal within 2 weeks. Increased lens thickness and vitreous length, along with a higher lens vault, were the possible pathogenic mechanisms.
Effect of Presbyopic Correction on Vision-Related Quality of Life among Public Secondary School Teachers in Lokoja, Nigeria
Authors: Owa Yetunde Elizabeth , Mahmoud Abdulraheem Olarongbe , Odi Abimbola Folakemi , Owa Joshua Abidemi
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To determine the effect of presbyopic correction on vision-related quality of life among public secondary school teachers in Lokoja, Nigeria. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study in which 329 public secondary school teachers aged 35 years and above were recruited. All teachers underwent both distance and near visual acuity (VA) assessments; those with VA worse than 6/18 had refraction. Teachers with uncorrected presbyopia and those with inappropriate spectacles were given free near-vision spectacles, and their vision-related quality of life was reassessed two months later. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM-SPSS version 22. Paired T-test was used to determine if there was a difference between the pre- and posttreatment vision-related quality of life scores. Results: The mean age of the recruited teachers was 45.9 ± 6.49 years, with a female-to-male ratio of 3.2:1. The prevalence of presbyopia was 71.1%. The mean age of presbyopes was 48.1 ± 5.61 years. Only 47.4% of the presbyopic teachers had an appropriate presbyopic correction. The mean differences between the pre- and posttreatment visual function scores, as well as those for the vision-related quality of life scores, were statistically significant. The differences across the various age categories were also statistically significant. Conclusion: Presbyopia impacted negatively on the visual function and the vision related quality of life of the teachers. Presbyopic correction improved their visual function and vision-related quality of life scores remarkably. There is an urgent need to improve optometric care in under-served settings like Nigeria.
Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis among Primary School Pupils in Offa, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Olanipekun Khadijat O. , Adepoju Feyi G. , Popoola Dupe S. , Yusuf Ibrahim A. , Tota-Bolarinwa Biola
Published: January 2025

Background: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a form of ocular allergy affecting children commonly with varying degrees of ophthalmic complications. Aim: To determine the prevalence, pattern, and grading of VKC among primary school pupils in Offa, North-Central Nigeria. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1146 primary school pupils in 15 schools in Offa, Kwara state, North-Central Nigeria. All pupils had visual acuity tests, lids, and anterior and posterior segments examination using a pen torch, portable slit lamp, and direct ophthalmoscope with the use of specific VKC case detection criteria. Frequency tables, measures of central tendency, and dispersion were generated. The prevalence rate with confidence intervals was calculated. Results: Of the 1146 examined pupils, 113 were diagnosed with VKC giving a prevalence rate of 9.9%. The age range was 5–15 years with a mean age of 8.5 ± 2.1 years. Pupils aged 7–9 years constituted the largest proportion (48.7%) of those with VKC. Itching was present in all pupils with VKC. Brownish eye discoloration was the commonest symptom after itching occurring in 52.2% of pupils with VKC. Majority (92.0%) of the pupils had a visual acuity of 6/6. One hundred (88%) pupils had mild/Grade 1 VKC, while the palpebral form was the commonest pattern seen in 83 (73%) pupils. No pupil had cornea-related complications or cataract. Conclusion: VKC is prevalent among primary school pupils in Offa with varying pattern and severity. An integrated school health approach to manage these cases and maintain optimal visual outcome in affected pupils is needed.
Topiramate induced glaucoma: A light on the management
Authors: Thakker Kashyap , Shah Virti , Gandhi Priyanka , Shah Abha
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To highlight the importance of the use of atropine instead of pilocarpine in topiramate-induced acute angle closure glaucoma. Case report: A 22-year-old female was diagnosed as a case of bilateral topiramate-induced acute angle closure glaucoma. Topiramate was discontinued. She was started on intravenous Mannitol (20 mg) TDS, oral Acetazolamide (250 mg) QID, Brimonidine (0.2%) with Timolol (0.5%) eye drops BD, Prednisolone eye drops (1%) four times and Atropine eye drop (1%) OD. Vision and intraocular pressures were documented twice daily. The patient was symptomatically better, with improvement in visual acuity, normalization of intraocular pressure, and restoration of anterior chamber depth. Conclusion: Baseline ophthalmic evaluation and monitoring throughout the topiramate course should be recommended for early detection and prompt management to maintain optimum visual function.
Effect of electric tooth brushing on retention of long-term provisional composite crowns
Authors: Azooz Mariem M. , Elshahawy Waleed M. , Mahmoud Abeer A.Y.
Published: January 2025

Aim

This in-vitro study was conducted to evaluate the influence of electric tooth brushing on the retention of long-term provisional crowns cemented with three cement types.

Setting and design

In vitro-comparative study.

Materials and methods

Ninety extracted upper premolars were prepared and provisional crowns were fabricated and cemented with three different cements; group 1: resin-modified zinc oxide-eugenol (i-ZOEn), group 2: zinc oxide noneugenol (Temp Bond NE), and group 3: calcium hydroxide (Dycal). All the specimens were subjected to a chewing simulator with thermocycling (5–55°C) according to the time of exposure to electric tooth brushing (6 and 12 months). A universal testing machine was used for retention test, all specimens were subjected to (pull-out test).

Statistical analysis used

Two-way analysis of variance (P < 0.001) was considered significant difference in all tests.

Results

Maximum force (N) at baseline, 6, and 12 months groups for tensile dislodgement of zinc oxide-eugenol cemented crowns was 69.81 ± 4.32, 44.74 ± 4.39, and 41.88 ± 1.03 N, for zinc oxide noneugenol cemented crowns was 57.83 ± 7.44, 34.87 ± 1.07, and 20.22 ± 1.82 N and for calcium hydroxide cemented crowns was 74.61 ± 0.96, 45.05 ± 2.15, and 31.32 ± 8.29 N, respectively, with P value less than 0.001.

Conclusion

Electric toothbrush effect on long-term provisional crowns was significant for the crowns cemented with three different types. Calcium hydroxide was the most retentive cement at baseline group and 6 month periods with no clinical significance with resin-modified zinc oxide-eugenol. Resin-modified ZOE was the most retentive cement at 12-month periods with a clinically significant difference with calcium hydroxide. Zinc oxide noneugenol was the least retentive cement throughout all the times.
Horizontal bone augmentation with simultaneous implant placement using ridge splitting with sticky bone
Authors: Bolot Mohammad Y.A. , Ghoraba Sahar M. , Badr Ahmed M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

A variety of bone grafting techniques had been used to augment horizontally deficient alveolar bone ridges to provide a sufficient bone volume to achieve a correct prosthetic three-dimensional placement of dental implants.

Objectives

To evaluate clinically and radiographically by cone beam computed tomography the amount of horizontal bone gain by ridge splitting with sticky bone technique for horizontal ridge deficiency with simultaneous implant placement; using piezo-assisted ridge splitting technique with sticky bone graft in patients who had bilateral posterior edentulous sites in the maxillary ridge.

Patients and methods

Seven patients with seven sites for ridge splitting modality. Each patient had posterior maxillary edentulous areas with horizontal ridge deficiency ranging from 3 to 5 mm. Piezo-assisted ridge splitting technique with simultaneous implant placement was used for augmentation. Patients were evaluated for clinical parameters, including ridge width using a bone caliper, radiographic assessment of marginal bone width and alveolar bone density using cone beam computed tomography, clinical attachment loss, plaque index, bleeding on probing, and pocket depth. Results were obtained at surgery time, 6 months postsurgery, and 18 months postsurgery.

Results

The was a statistically significant increase in bone width in the studied group. Also, bone density was slightly increased at implant and grafting sites at 6- and 18-months follow-ups. Furthermore, the group showed a statistically significant increase in bone width measured by bone caliper at baseline and at 6 months postsurgically. No significant changes were observed in plaque index, bleeding on probing, or clinical attachment level.

Conclusion

Ridge splitting with sticky bone surgical technique provides promising clinical and radiographic outcomes.
Retention and wear evaluation of two different clip materials on milled polyetheretherketone bar for implant retained mandibular overdenture
Authors: El-Ashry Asmaa M.I. , El-Shorbagy Zeinab A. , Abdelaal Zainab M.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To evaluate the retention and wear of two different clip materials [plastic and milled polyetheretherketone (PEEK)] on milled PEEK bar for implant retained mandibular overdenture.

Materials and methods

Fourteen ready-made mandibular edentulous epoxy resin models were used. Two-implant analogs were installed in the canine area. Two non-hex titanium base (Ti-base) abutment were connected to the implant analogs. The epoxy cast with Ti-base abutment was scanned by a laboratory scanner. Designing of the bar on the software was done and converted to STL file, which was transferred to the milling machine for manufacturing of the bar. The milled PEEK bar (BioHPP) was cemented to the abutment by resin cement-adhesive material. Group I was ready-made plastic clip and group II was milled PEEK (BioHPP) clip. Dentures were constructed by the conventional method and direct pickup of the clips were done. The final constructed mandibular overdentures were subjected to 150 000 cycle of bi-axial chewing simulating cycles and 1440 insertion-removal cycles which equal four times insertion and removal per day which equal 1 year follow up. The retention of the samples was measured using universal testing machine at the baseline and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Wear features of the clips were also measured by topographic variation using USB digital microscope with built in camera at the same periods.

Result

As regard to retention test, at the baseline and after 3 months of chewing simulator. There was no significant difference between the two groups but after 6, 9, and 12 months of chewing cycles simulation there was a significant difference between two groups in favor of the milled PEEK clip. Regarding the topographic variation which indicate wear there was no significant difference between the two groups except at the baseline with high topographic variation in the PEEK clip.

Conclusion

Milled PEEK clip showed superior retentive properties after application of chewing simulator than the plastic clip. The plastic clip undergoing a greater loss of retention than PEEK clip. So there was statistically significant differences in retention between both clips. The PEEK clip showed a high surface roughness at the baseline than the plastic clip and then there was a nonsignificant difference between them at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.
Generic controllability of equivariant systems and applications to particle systems and neural networks
Authors: Agrachev Andrei , Letrouit Cyril
Published: January 2025

There exist many examples of systems which have some symmetries, and which one may monitor with symmetry-preserving controls. Since symmetries are preserved along the evolution, full controllability is not possible, and controllability has to be considered inside sets of states with the same symmetries. We prove that generic systems with symmetries are controllable in this sense. This result has several applications, for instance, (i) generic controllability of particle systems when the kernel of interaction between particles plays the role of a mean-field control; (ii) generic controllability for families of vector fields on manifolds with boundary; (iii) universal interpolation for neural networks architectures with “generic” self-attention-type layers – a type of layer ubiquitous in recent neural network architectures, e.g., in the Transformers architecture. The tools we develop could help address various other questions of control of equivariant systems.