bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging biomaterials for anti-inflammatory diseases: from mechanism to therapy
Authors: Liu Jiatong , Han Xiaoyue , Zhang Tingyue , Tian Keyue , Li Zhaoping , Luo Feng
Published: November 2023

Inflammation is a fundamental defensive response to harmful stimuli, but the overactivation of inflammatory responses is associated with most human diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a class of chemicals that are generated after the incomplete reduction of molecular oxygen. At moderate levels, ROS function as critical signaling molecules in the modulation of various physiological functions, including inflammatory responses. However, at excessive levels, ROS exert toxic effects and directly oxidize biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, further exacerbating the development of inflammatory responses and causing various inflammatory diseases. Therefore, designing and manufacturing biomaterials that scavenge ROS has emerged an important approach for restoring ROS homeostasis, limiting inflammatory responses and protecting the host against damage. This review systematically outlines the dynamic balance of ROS production and clearance under physiological conditions. We focus on the mechanisms by which ROS regulate cell signaling proteins and how these cell signaling proteins further affect inflammation. Furthermore, we discuss the use of potential and currently available-biomaterials that scavenge ROS, including agents that were engineered to reduce ROS levels by blocking ROS generation, directly chemically reacting with ROS, or catalytically accelerating ROS clearance, in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Finally, we evaluate the challenges and prospects for the controlled production and material design of ROS scavenging biomaterials.
STmut: a framework for visualizing somatic alterations in spatial transcriptomics data of cancer
Authors: Chen Limin , Chang Darwin , Tandukar Bishal , Deivendran Delahny , Pozniak Joanna , Cruz-Pacheco Noel , Cho Raymond J. , Cheng Jeffrey , Yeh Iwei , Marine Chris , Bastian Boris C. , Ji Andrew L. , Shain A. Hunter
Published: November 2023

Spatial transcriptomic technologies, such as the Visium platform, measure gene expression in different regions of tissues. Here, we describe new software, STmut, to visualize somatic point mutations, allelic imbalance, and copy number alterations in Visium data. STmut is tested on fresh-frozen Visium data, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) Visium data, and tumors with and without matching DNA sequencing data. Copy number is inferred on all conditions, but the chemistry of the FFPE platform does not permit analyses of single nucleotide variants. Taken together, we propose solutions to add the genetic dimension to spatial transcriptomic data and describe the limitations of different datatypes.
Cannabidiol versus placebo as adjunctive treatment in early psychosis: study protocol for randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dixon T. , Cadenhead K. S.
Published: November 2023

Background

Psychotic disorders are a leading cause of disability in young adults. Antipsychotics have been the primary intervention for psychosis for over 60 years, and yet, we have made little progress in treating negative symptoms, neurocognition, and functional disability. There is growing evidence that cannabidiol (CBD) is effective in treating positive psychotic symptoms, possibly also negative and neurocognitive symptoms, and moreover is well tolerated compared to other psychotropic medications. Anecdotally, patients participating in the Cognitive Assessment and Risk Evaluation (CARE) Early Psychosis Treatment Program at the University of California, San Diego, are self-administering CBD and report subjective improvement in stress, anxiety, and ability to cope with symptoms. The overarching aim of the trial is to explore the effectiveness of CBD augmentation on symptoms and neurocognition in early psychosis while also exploring the mechanism of action of CBD and predictors of response to treatment. The mechanism by which cannabidiol has a therapeutic effect on psychosis is poorly understood. Recent evidence has suggested that CBD may reduce stress and pro-inflammatory biomarker levels. Endocannabinoids also have powerful roles in eating behavior, reward, and mood, indicating these neurotransmitters may play a role in reducing hyperphagia and metabolic abnormalities that are present early in the course of psychotic illness and exacerbated by antipsychotic medication. The neurophysiological effects of CBD have been studied in animal models of psychosis that show improvements in information processing in response to CBD, but there are no studies in individuals with early psychosis.

Method

A total of 120 individuals in the early stages of psychosis will be randomized to 1000 mg of CBD versus placebo as an adjunct to existing treatment in a 8-week, double-blind superiority randomized control trial. The primary outcome measures are symptoms and neurocognition.

Discussion

We hypothesized that CBD will improve symptoms and neurocognition as well as secondary outcome measures of neurohormones, inflammation, eating behaviors, and information processing. Importantly, predictors, moderators, and mediators of the CBD effects will be examined. A better understanding of which individuals are likely to respond to CBD can inform treatment planning and personalize treatment.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04411225. Registered on June 2, 2020.
An intronic LINE-1 regulates IFNAR1 expression in human immune cells
Authors: Buttler Carmen A. , Ramirez Daniel , Dowell Robin D. , Chuong Edward B.
Published: November 2023

Background

Despite their origins as selfish parasitic sequences, some transposons in the human genome have been co-opted to serve as regulatory elements, contributing to the evolution of transcriptional networks. Most well-characterized examples of transposon-derived regulatory elements derive from endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), due to the intrinsic regulatory activity of proviral long terminal repeat regions. However, one subclass of transposable elements, the Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements (LINEs), have been largely overlooked in the search for functional regulatory transposons, and considered to be broadly epigenetically repressed.

Results

We examined the chromatin state of LINEs by analyzing epigenomic data from human immune cells. Many LINEs are marked by the repressive H3K9me3 modification, but a subset exhibits evidence of enhancer activity in human immune cells despite also showing evidence of epigenetic repression. We hypothesized that these competing forces of repressive and activating epigenetic marks might lead to inducible enhancer activity. We investigated a specific L1M2a element located within the first intron of Interferon Alpha/Beta Receptor 1 (IFNAR1). This element shows epigenetic signatures of B cell-specific enhancer activity, despite being repressed by the Human Silencing Hub (HUSH) complex. CRISPR deletion of the element in B lymphoblastoid cells revealed that the element acts as an enhancer that regulates both steady state and interferon-inducible expression of IFNAR1.

Conclusions

Our study experimentally demonstrates that an L1M2a element was co-opted to function as an interferon-inducible enhancer of IFNAR1, creating a feedback loop wherein IFNAR1 is transcriptionally upregulated by interferon signaling. This finding suggests that other LINEs may exhibit cryptic cell type-specific or context-dependent enhancer activity. LINEs have received less attention than ERVs in the effort to understand the contribution of transposons to the regulatory landscape of cellular genomes, but these are likely important, lineage-specific players in the rapid evolution of immune system regulatory networks and deserve further study.
The natural compound Sanggenon C inhibits PRRSV infection by regulating the TRAF2/NF-κB signalling pathway
Authors: Liu Xiao , Zhu Yanan , Wang Dan , Feng Ran , Chen Zhihao , Zheng Zifang , Li Yang , Xu Lele , Zheng Haixue , Fan Yunpeng , Yin Yupeng , Xiao Shuqi
Published: November 2023

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a serious infectious disease and one of the major causes of death in the global pig industry. PRRS virus (PRRSV) strains have complex and diverse genetic characteristics and cross-protection between strains is low, which complicates vaccine selection; thus, the current vaccination strategy has been greatly compromised. Therefore, it is necessary to identify effective natural compounds for the clinical treatment of PRRS. A small molecule library composed of 720 natural compounds was screened in vitro, and we found that Sanggenon C (SC) was amongst the most effective natural compound inhibitors of PRRSV infection. Compared with ribavirin, SC more significantly inhibited PRRSV infection at both the gene and protein levels and reduced the viral titres and levels of protein expression and inflammatory cytokine secretion to more effectively protect cells from PRRSV infection and damage. Mechanistically, SC inhibits activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway by promoting TRAF2 expression, thereby reducing PRRSV replication. In conclusion, by screening natural compounds, we found that SC suppresses PRRSV infection by regulating the TRAF2/NF-κB signalling pathway. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the therapeutic targets and pathogenesis of PRRSV infection. More importantly, our results demonstrate that SC has potential as a candidate for the treatment of PRRS.
The application of stem cell sheets for neuronal regeneration after spinal cord injury: a systematic review of pre-clinical studies
Authors: Xu Luchun , Zhao He , Yang Yongdong , Xiong Yang , Zhong Wenqing , Jiang Guozheng , Yu Xing
Published: November 2023

Background

Stem cell sheet implantation offers a promising avenue for spinal cord injury (SCI) and is currently under investigation in pre-clinical in vivo studies. Nevertheless, a systematic review of the relevant literature is yet to be performed. Thus, this systematic review aims to explore the efficacy of stem cell sheet technology in treating SCI, as indicated by experimental animal model studies.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Manuscripts that did not pertain to in vivo pre-clinical studies and those published in non-English languages were excluded. A risk assessment for bias was performed using the SYRCLE tool. Extracted data were synthesized only qualitatively because the data were not suitable for conducting the meta-analysis.

Results

Among the 847 studies retrieved from electronic database searches, seven met the inclusion criteria. Six of these studies employed a complete transection model, while one utilized a compression model. Stem cell sources included bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In all included studies, stem cell sheet application significantly improved motor and sensory functional scores compared to intreated SCI rats. This functional recovery correlated with histological improvements at the injury site. All studies are at low risk of bias but certain domains were not reported by some or all of the studies.

Conclusion

The results of our systematic review suggest that stem cell sheets may be a feasible therapeutic approach for the treatment of SCI. Future research should be conducted on stem cell sheets in various animal models and types of SCI, and careful validation is necessary before translating stem cell sheets into clinical studies.
The effect of regular running on body weight and fat tissue of individuals aged 18 to 65
Authors: Kutac Petr , Bunc Václav , Buzga Marek , Krajcigr Miroslav , Sigmund Martin
Published: November 2023

Background

Age and reduction in performed physical activity cause physiological changes that include an increase in body fat (BF) and visceral fat (VF) during aging. These parameters, together with increased body mass (BM), are some of the risk factors of several noninfectious diseases. However, changes in body composition can be influenced by regular physical activity. Running is a suitable, accessible, and the most effective physical activity cultivating people. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of long-term, regular PA, specifically recreational running, on changes in body composition among recreational adult runners covering a weekly distance of at least 10 km, compared with inactive adult individuals within the same age bracket.

Methods

The study included 1296 runners and inactive individuals (691 male and 605 female), divided into 5 age groups: 18–25, 26–35, 36–45, 46–55, and 56–65 years. Runners are as follows: ran ≥ 10 km/week, and inactive is as follows: did not follow the WHO 2020 physical activity recommendations. The measured parameters included BM, BF, and VF. To check statistical significance, the Mann–Whitney U-test was used. Practical significance was assessed using the effect of size.

Results

All age groups of runners were selected to include individuals who run at least 10 km per week. In fact, they ran, on average, from 21.6 to 31.4 km per week in relation to age and showed significantly lower values of BM, BMI, BF, and VF (p < 0.05) than inactive individuals. Exceptions included insignificant differences (p > 0.05) in BM and BMI in males in the age category of 18–25 and in females in the age category of 18–25 and 26–35.

Conclusion

The selected runners had to run at least 10 km per week. Their actual average volume was significantly higher (from 21.6 to 31.4 km/week), and the results showed that it could lead to significantly better body composition values. It may lead to significant changes in body mass, body fat, and visceral fat. It may meet the contemporary societal expectations for physical activities that are both achievable and effective at the lowest possible volume.
Effects of Ottonia anisum plant extract on local anesthetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and HCl‑induced acute lung injury activities: a study in animal models
Authors: Liu Mingming , Wang Hui , Yue Qiang , Liu Junli
Published: November 2023

Ottonia anisum(O. anisum), belonging to the family Piperaceae, is renowned for its medicinal properties. The plant is rich in alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids with recorded bioactivities. The stems, roots, and leaves, of theO. anisumhave been extensively used in the folk medicine. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the pharmacological activities ofO. anisumroot extract. Methanolic root extract ofO. anisumwas assessed for local anesthetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and HCl-induced acute lung injury activities in animal models. Local anesthetic activity assessed in frog and guinea pigs through foot withdrawal reflex and intradermal wheal method, respectively, revealed the dose-dependent onset time of anesthesia response. In the case of HCl-induced ALI, the mice group orally administered withO. anisumextract were assessed for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BLF) contents, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory molecules. The analysis revealed the reduction in inflammatory molecules, neutrophils, and oxidative stress in the extract treated mice group. In addition, the redox homeostasis, reduced GSH and the catalase activity was found to be restored in the treated groups. Intriguingly, the genes associated with the NFkB expression was found to be downregulated inO. anisumextract treated groups. Moreover, the extract unveiled the significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Overall, the findings emphasize the clinical applicability ofO. anisumextract in the treatment of ALI as well as the potential usage in local anesthetic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory agents during the treatments.

Graphical Abstract
Challenges and health outcomes of the exposure to soybean dust in the harbor neighborhood of Karachi, Pakistan: a wake-up call
Authors: Khan Nadeem Ullah , Ali Asrar , Khudadad Umerdad , Khan Uzma Rahim , Ali Noman , Soomar Salman Muhammad , Abid Shehryar , Jilani Mahmood , Jamali Seemin , Razzak Junaid A.
Published: November 2023

Background

Chemical disasters are common worldwide and result from technological failure, war, and terrorism activities. Pakistan imports huge quantities of hazardous chemicals to meet its industrial and energy needs. Hence there is a risk of chemical disaster at the ports, during transportation of such material and processing in the chemical industry. This study aimed to review the challenges and health outcomes of cases of soybean dust exposure in Kemari district (harbor neighborhood) of Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with all the affected people from a chemical incident of soybean dust which was reported in the Keamari district of Karachi, Pakistan. Included patients ≥ 18 years who visited the two major tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan after the incident between February 17 to 23, 2020. A total of 574 patients were brought to these two major tertiary care hospitals. We collected data on basic demographics, event details, and major signs and symptoms of the affected individuals. Calculated frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) was calculated for continuous variables.

Results

The mean ± (SD) age of the victims were 32 (13.5) years. Of the 574 patients, majority of the patients (n = 319, 56%) were males. In 28 cases (41%), the onset of symptoms occurred at home, in 27 cases (39%) the onset of symptoms started in the workplace and the remaining cases (n = 14, 20%) experienced the first symptoms while roaming around the roadside. The most common reported co-morbidity was a history of asthma (56%), followed by diabetes mellitus (22%). The most common clinical manifestation was shortness of breath, reported in 94% of the cases, followed by neurological symptoms such as drowsiness, unconsciousness, or seizures experienced by 10% of the victims. A total of 9 deaths (1.5%) were recorded.

Conclusion

A multi-sectoral systematic approach is also required to address these incidents comprehensively including the trained and equipped pre-hospital system, integrated emergency medical response, and community-wide emergency response system.
First-Line Dual Immunotherapy, a Treatment Option in First-Line Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Are We Ready to Use It?
Authors: Uprety Dipesh , Remon Jordi , Peters Solange
Published: November 2023

This article provides valuable insights into the use of dual immunotherapy for patients with metastatic NSCLC.
“Vaccine? No, thank you!” Social Media, Right-Wing Political Orientation and COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy: The Case of Pieria, Greece
Authors: Tsertekidis Georgios
Published: November 2023

This case study examines the situation of the regional unit Pieria (Greece) as a compelling instance of a regional unit with low vaccination coverage and a right-wing political orientation, depth, and historicity. Apart from the utilization of relevant literature, qualitative research was also conducted for the needs of this case study. A sample of 16 Greek citizens from Pieria, all of whom are voters of one of the three minor Greek right-wing parliamentary parties and have been vaccine hesitant and vocal on social media, is examined as an attempt to enhance our understanding on the role of social media and right-wing attitude regarding vaccine hesitancy within the context of this specific case.
Artificial Intelligence and the Future for Charities
Authors: Efthymiou Iris Panagiota , Efthymiou Egleton Theoharris William , Chatzivasileiou Souzana , Emmanouil-Kalos Alkinoos
Published: November 2023

This article delves into the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in reshaping the landscape of charitable organizations. As technological advancements continue to accelerate, charities are presented with novel opportunities to enhance their operations, outreach, and impact. The paper explores how AI-driven solutions can streamline administrative tasks, optimize resource allocation, and personalize donor engagement, thereby allowing charities to operate more efficiently and effectively. By examining the intersection of AI and charitable work, this paper sheds light on the prospects and responsibilities tied to leveraging AI for a brighter future for charities and the causes they champion.
¿Y si la geografía no fuese más que la historia de un exilio?: postfolio
Authors: Raffestin Claude
Published: November 2023

El autor pone en cuestión la visión de la geografía humana respecto al sujeto humano y la naturaleza. En el orden instituido por la ciudad económica y fuertemente tecnificada la única relación que la sociedad mantiene con la naturaleza es a través de esa última partícula orgánica que manipula: el cuerpo sometido en el triángulo de acero -producción, intercambio y consumo-. A través del conocimiento, de aquel definitivo instrumento cultural que es el dinero, los hombres pretenden la apropiación no ya de la naturaleza sino de aquella parte de la naturaleza que es el cuerpo.
Juegos virtuales. Identidad y subversión.
Authors: Muñoz Gutiérrez Carlos
Published: November 2023

En este artículo, el autor describe el juego como generador de realidad construida. Los mundos virtuales que los situacionistas quisieron hacer realidad en los medios urbanos son hoy mundos realizables en el espacio de Internet. «Cuando el mercado del arte está dominado por el privilegio de la exclusividad, cuando la literatura se ha convertido en un mercado más, cuando el teatro es un círculo cerrado, cuando la fiesta está institucionalizada y depauperada, cuando el sueño no salta el timbre de los despertadores y el espectáculo sigue siendo alienación, tenemos hoy un espacio hiperreal, construido para escapar a todo límite, para subvertir toda subversión, para recombinar toda producción, para alterar toda regla: Internet»
La derrota permanente: cuatrocientos años de la muerte en la hoguera de Giordano Bruno.
Authors: Miranda Antonio
Published: November 2023

Con motivo del cuarto centenario de la muerte en la hoguera de Giordano Bruno, el autor aprovecha la ocasión para recordar la derrota permanente que desde aquel1600 hubo de padecer la arquitectura a lo largo de cuatro siglos.
Turcyzmy w bułgarskich dialektach południowo-wschodnich : Dialekty rodopskie i wschodnie
Authors: Georgiewa-Okoń Jordanka
Published: November 2023

We współczesnym języku bułgarskim funkcjonuje wiele zapożyczeń tureckich związanych z turecką kulturą materialną, organizacją wojskową i administracją, będących następstwem długotrwałych kontaktów językowych między Bułgarami a Turkami osmańskimi. Dotychczas uwaga badaczy koncentrowała się na wyrazach pochodzenia tureckiego, funkcjonujących w języku literackim. Niniejsza praca przyjmuje inną optykę, obierając za przedmiot badań zapożyczenia w bułgarskich dialektach południowo-wschodnich. Jej zasadniczą część stanowi słownik turcyzmów podzielony na grupy semantyczne, uzupełniony o analizę fonetyczną i morfologiczną. Celem było pokazanie bogactwa form i znaczeń wyrazów pochodzenia tureckiego zachowanych w dialektach, a zgromadzony materiał może stanowić podstawę do dalszych badań nad językiem bułgarskim i tureckim.
Przyszłość nie jest już tym, czym kiedyś była
Authors: Sadowska Agnieszka
Published: November 2023

Trudno pisze się dla młodzieży o ważnych wydarzeniach historycznych. Agnieszka Sadowska w swojej powieści Przyszłość nie jest już tym, czym kiedyś była znala - zła jednak sposób, żeby zaciekawić młodych ludzi historią „Solidarności”. Swoich bohaterów wsadziła do wehikułu czasu i przeniosła w przeszłość, aby na własnym przykładzie przekonali się, czym kończy się zaburzenie kontinuum czasoprzestrzeni. Kapitalny pomysł narracyjny, dobrze napisana opowieść, bez cienia nudy. Cezary Łazarewicz
Allocating Indivisible Goods to Strategic Agents: Pure Nash Equilibria and Fairness
Authors: Amanatidis Georgios , Birmpas Georgios , Fusco Federico , Lazos Philip , Leonardi Stefano , Reiffenhäuser Rebecca
Published: November 2023

We consider the problem of fairly allocating a set of indivisible goods to a set of strategic agents with additive valuation functions. We assume no monetary transfers, and therefore, a mechanism in our setting is an algorithm that takes as input the reported—rather than the true—values of the agents. Our main goal is to explore whether there exist mechanisms that have pure Nash equilibria for every instance and, at the same time, provide fairness guarantees for the allocations that correspond to these equilibria. We focus on two relaxations of envy-freeness, namely, envy-freeness up to one good (EF1) and envy-freeness up to any good (EFX), and we positively answer the preceding question. In particular, we study two algorithms that are known to produce such allocations in the nonstrategic setting: round-robin (EF1 allocations for any number of agents) and a cut-and-choose algorithm of Plaut and Roughgarden (EFX allocations for two agents). For round-robin, we show that all of its pure Nash equilibria induce allocations that are EF1 with respect to the underlying true values, whereas for the algorithm of Plaut and Roughgarden, we show that the corresponding allocations not only are EFX, but also satisfy maximin share fairness, something that is not true for this algorithm in the nonstrategic setting! Further, we show that a weaker version of the latter result holds for any mechanism for two agents that always has pure Nash equilibria, which all induce EFX allocations.

Funding: This work was supported by the Horizon 2020 European Research Council Advanced “Algorithmic and Mechanism Design Research in Online Markets” [Grant 788893], the Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca Research project of national interest (PRIN) “Algorithms, Games, and Digital Markets,” the Future Artificial Intelligence Research project funded by the NextGenerationEU program within the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR-PE-AI) scheme [M4C2, investment 1.3, line on Artificial Intelligence], the National Recovery and Resilience Plan-Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca (PNRR-MUR) project IR0000013-SoBigData.it, the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Veni Project [Grant VI.Veni.192.153], and the National Recovery and Resilience Plan Greece 2.0 funded by the European Union under the NextGenerationEU Program [Grant MIS 5154714].
Pregnancy care for maternal and fetal wellbeing: an ethnography study
Authors: Rahayu Kusila Devia , Hartiningsih Siti Sugih , Herawati Yanti , Hernawati Yeti , Kartika Ira , Rahmawati Naili , Sari Dian Purnama , Suryani Ida , Risyanti Berty , Syafrullah Haidir , Lestari Weny , Danismaya Irawan , Ermiati Ermiati , Arifin Hidayat
Published: November 2023

Background/Aims

In Indonesia, cultural beliefs affect holistic healthcare practices. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of cultural beliefs on maternity care and fetal wellbeing.

Methods

This study used an ethnographic-qualitative design and was conducted in a community setting in West Java, Indonesia. A total of 16 participants of Sundanese culture were recruited based on information from local health workers and community leaders. Questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and observation sheets were used to collect data on cultural beliefs that impacted pregnant women. Data were analysed using an editing analysis style.

Results

The seven themes were: dietary practices and restrictions during pregnancy, hygiene practices, managing sleep and drowsiness, sexual intimacy and interactions, cultural beliefs and religious devotion, family participation and challenges monitoring fetal wellbeing.

Conclusions

To ensure quality pregnancy and fetal care, and facilitate provision of basic needs and parental empowerment, healthcare workers must consider women's cultural beliefs.
Kathleen's journey: improving mental health outcomes for women with bipolar affective disorder
Authors: Walsh Pauline , Graham Margaret , Mohamad Mas Mahady
Published: November 2023

For most women, pregnancy and the postpartum period are times of great joy and expectation. However, for women with a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder, there is an exceptionally high risk of deterioration in their mental health. There is the real possibility of developing postpartum psychosis, possibly requiring acute psychiatric admission and being separated from their baby. This can have devastating consequences for a woman, her baby, the family and society. Multiple services/disciplines across primary, secondary and tertiary care settings need to work together to enhance outcomes for these women. In Ireland, a relatively new collaborative way of working is emerging, as specialist perinatal mental health teams are developed. This case review aims to illustrate the complexities of and potential in collaborative team working to support a woman with a pre-existing a mental health disorder, and her family, during pregnancy. This was done through a specialist perinatal mental health teams collaboration co-ordinated by a clinical nurse specialist.
Industrial platform capitalism
Authors: Amorim Henrique , Claudia Moreira Cardoso Ana , Aparecida Bridi Maria
Published: November 2023

Countering the theses of ‘post-industrial society’, in this article we develop the argument that platform capitalism synthesises the radicalisation and the spread of the logic of industrial production. In our analysis of platform capitalism and the mechanisms of outsourcing, we argue that online platforms provide empirical evidence of the development of the industrial logic of the production of goods (whether products or services, material and/or immaterial, tangible or intangible). They are the tip of the iceberg of an entire productive structure reconfigured by information technologies and neoliberal policies that are shaping an industrial platform capitalism. This process is ongoing, and we observe its tendency to spread the platformisation of work and its forms of exploitation, of labour relations devoid of rights. However, as in every other moment in the history of capitalism, this exploitation meets resistance from workers’ struggles, which exposes perverse facets of platform work.
Atreus Callidus : The Tragic Afterlife of Plautus's Comic Hero
Authors: Bexley Erica M.
Published: November 2023

abstract: This article argues that the model of the Plautine seruus callidus underpins Seneca's Atreus, whose similarities to the clever slave include verbal mastery, metatheatrical plotting, eavesdropping, and cultivating a special relationship with the audience. Analysis of these parallels is situated in the broader frame of theater history to show how comedy can influence tragedy and how the Thyestes ' blend of tragic and comic material makes Atreus Seneca's most distinctive and enduring character. The paper's final section addresses Atreus's afterlife, examining how Shakespeare reimagines the Senecan protagonist's tragicomic mix in the characters of Hamlet and Iago.
From Free-rider to Game Changer: China’s Evolving Cooperation, Technology, and Influence in the Middle East
Authors: Afterman Gedaliah , Janardhan Narayanappa
Published: November 2023

Abstract: This article explores the evolving dynamics of power and technology in the Middle East, with a particular focus on China’s increasing influence in the region. Amidst the shifting balance of global power, China has transitioned from a peripheral player to a significant stakeholder in the Middle East, deploying its technological prowess and, more recently, diplomatic weight. As the United States and the West grapple with the implications of this shift, regional middle powers are not merely spectators in this superpower rivalry; they are resorting to ‘strategic hedging,’ forming their own partnerships focused on economic and knowledge transfer, replacing traditional political and security alignments to address regional and global challenges. The article discusses future regional trends, emphasizing the potential for Asia-Middle East minilateral cooperative frameworks. It concludes by suggesting that the United States should adopt a healthy balance between values and interests and move away from a zero-sum mentality by embracing a more cooperative approach to China’s regional presence. Specifically, the United States should accept global connectivity and sustainability momentum by encouraging more strategic partnerships between Asian and Middle Eastern countries.
Using Artificial Intelligence to Predict and Prevent Future Food Insecurity
Authors: Villacis Alexis H. , Badruddoza Syed
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The article explores the role and prospects of artificial intelligence (AI) in addressing global food insecurity. It provides an overview of machine learning (ML) techniques—the core learning component of AI—used to predict food security outcomes and discusses real-world examples as well as recent applications of ML. It further examines the challenges and limitations of ML, including concerns related to data quality and ethical considerations, followed by policy recommendations in crucial areas such as funding, cross-sector collaboration, education, and data standards. Finally, it underscores the importance of recognizing AI as a complementary tool, rather than a standalone solution, in the pursuit of the ultimate goal of achieving a world without hunger.
Translating the Love Plot: Rewriting the Colonization of Cilician Armenia in the English Prose Melusine
Authors: Shaw Jan
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Jean d'Arras's romance Mélusine (1393) has been referred to as a "Founding Fiction" of medieval France. Around 1500 it was translated into English. Focusing on the Cilician Armenian episode, this paper finds that the colonizing imperative of d'Arras's text is resisted in the English translation. A comparison of the two versions reveals that the love relation depicted as seamless in d'Arras's version is fractured in the English translation, destabilizing the hegemonic identities of the chivalric hero and courtly heroine. The failure of the love relation and the sacrifice of the courtly heroine in the English text can be read as resistance to the sanitization of Lusignan ascendancy and the imagined community of a unified Christian/Lusignan world that d'Arras's text presents. Reading the relationship crisis through the lenses of Monique Scheer's practice theory of emotions, and Luce Irigaray's and Homi Bhabha's theorizations of mimicry, this essay argues that the English text invites a comparison with history. In this way the English text makes a space for local Cilician Armenian histories, which d'Arras's version appropriates and instrumentally consumes.
Variation and Change in Jakarta Indonesian: Evidence from Final Glottals
Authors: Kurniawan Ferdinan Okki
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Based on the observed patterns of variation in vowel-final [-ʔ], [-h], and [Ø] in seven function words that are produced in utterance-final position, this study offers a study of linguistic contact between Betawi and Standard Indonesian that together contribute to the emergence of a variety of Indonesian called Jakarta Indonesian. The relationship between these varieties is identified in the patterns of variation that show a general trend toward increased use of the Standard Indonesian-influenced form among educated speakers and females. Using a large-scale speech corpus, this investigation provides evidence of the patterns of variation and sound change that are taking place, their direction, and how their adoption correlates with genders and educational categories represented in the corpus. In addition, this study demonstrates the importance of a naturalistic speech corpus in examining the actual patterns of variation by focusing on colloquial speech, which we know to be the locus of language change.
Repair and Drift in Austronesian Languages: Avoidance of Dissimilar Labials as the Onsets of Successive Syllables
Authors: Blust Robert
Published: November 2023

Abstract: From the time of their earliest reconstructable ancestor, Austronesian languages have avoided morphemes that allow dissimilar labials as the onsets of successive syllables. What is of interest to phonologists is that this inherited morpheme structure constraint continues to hold on the word level in many (but not all) daughter languages. As a result of the extension of phonotactic restrictions from the level of the morpheme to the level of the word, lexical bases that are affixed in ways that violate this constraint show various repairs aimed at removing a marked sequence, most commonly one in which a labial-initial base drops the initial syllable when infixed with -um -. The range of attested repair options is surveyed in relation to claims made in earlier analyses, additional support is given for previously-recognized repairs, and two new functionally-equivalent avoidance strategies are described. Finally, although the most common repair option (pseudo nasal substitution) may be inherited from Proto-Austronesian, other structurally-distinct but functionally-equivalent repairs apparently constitute a drift, namely a product of the continued operation of inherited structural pressures after language separation, a type of change that can be viewed as the diachronic counterpart of a synchronic conspiracy.
Adaptive methods of generating complex light arrays
Authors: Wang Tianhong , Tran Viet , Bassène Pascal , Fohtung Edwin , Rhone Trevor , N’Gom Moussa
Published: November 2023

Structured light arrays of various shapes have been a cornerstone in optical science, driven by the complexities of precise and adaptable generation. This study introduces an approach using a spatial light modulator (SLM) as a generator for these arrays. By projecting a holographic mask onto the SLM, it functions simultaneously as an optical convolution device, focusing mechanism, and structured light beam mask. Our approach offers unmatched versatility, allowing for the experimental fabrication of traditional beam arrays like azimuthal Laguerre–Gaussian (LG), Bessel–Gaussian (BG), and Hermite–Gauss (HG) in the far-field. Notably, it has enabled a method of generating Ince–Gauss (IG) and LG radial mode beam arrays using a convolution solution. Our system provides exceptional control over array periodicity and intensity distribution, bypassing the Talbot self-imaging phenomenon seen in traditional setups. We provide an in-depth theoretical discussion, supported by empirical evidence, of our far-field results. This method has vast potential for applications in optical communication, data processing, and multi-particle manipulation. It paves the way for rapid generation of structured light with high spatial frequencies and complex shapes, promising transformative advances in these domains.
Numerical security analysis of the three-state quantum key distribution protocol with realistic devices
Authors: Peng Sirui , Sun Xiaoming , Zhou Hongyi
Published: November 2023

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method that utilizes the principles of quantum mechanics to establish secret keys. The central task in the study of QKD is to prove security in the presence of an eavesdropper with unlimited computational power. In this work, we successfully solve a long-standing open question of the security analysis for the three-state QKD protocol with realistic devices, i.e., the weak coherent-state source. We prove the existence of the squashing model for the measurement settings in the three-state protocol. This enables the reduction of measurement dimensionality, allowing for key rate computations using the numerical approach. We conduct numerical simulations to evaluate the key rate performance. The simulation results show that we achieve a communication distance of up to 200 km.
Deep learning based coherent diffraction imaging of dynamic scattering media
Authors: Liu Yu , Hu Guiqin , Chu Xiuxiang , Liu Ziyuan , Zhou Lu
Published: November 2023

The ptychographic iterative engine (PIE) is a lensless coherent diffraction imaging algorithm known for its simplicity, easy to use, scalability, and fast convergence. However, practical applications often encounter interference in imaging results caused by non-static scattering media, such as dense fog, seawater target detection and medical biology diagnosis. To address this challenge, we propose a novel approach using computational deep learning for dynamic scattering medium image reconstruction, enabling lens-free coherent diffraction imaging through dynamic scattering media. Through extensive analysis, we evaluate the effectiveness of the neural network for PIE image recovery under varying scattering medium concentration conditions. We also test scattering images obtained by hybrid training with different concentrations of scattering medium to assess the generalisation ability of the neural network. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method achieve PIE lens-free imaging under non-static scattering media interference. This coherent diffraction imaging method, based on transmission through dynamic scattering media, opens up new possibilities for practical applications of PIE and fosters its development in complex environments. Its significance extends to fields like atmospheric pollution, seawater target detection and medical biology diagnosis, providing valuable references for research in these domains.
Vacuum-free femtosecond fiber laser microplasma X-ray source for radiography
Authors: Garmatina Alena , Mareev Evgenii , Minaev Nikita , Asharchuk Nika , Semenov Timur , Mozhaeva Maria , Korshunov Artyom , Krivonosov Yuri , Dyachkova Irina , Buzmakov Alexey , Koldaev Vladimir , Zolotov Denis , Dymshits Yuri , Gordienko Viacheslav , Asadchikov Viktor
Published: November 2023

Radiographic imaging using X-rays is a tool for basic research and applications in industry, materials science, and medical diagnostics. In this article, we present a novel approach for the generation of X-rays using a vacuum-free microplasma by femtosecond fiber laser. By tightly focusing a laser pulse onto a micrometer-sized solid density near-surface plasma from a rotating copper target, we demonstrate the generation of Cu K-photons (8-9 keV) with high yield ∼ 1.6 × 109 phot/s/2π, and with a source size diameter of approximately 10 microns. Femtosecond fiber laser allows working with a high repetition rate (∼2 MHz) and moderate energy levels (10-40 µJ), ensuring the effective quasi-continuous generation of X-ray photons. Furthermore, we introduce a hybrid scheme that combines the tightly focusing laser-plasma X-ray generator with an online control unit for microplasma size source based on the back-reflected second harmonic generated in the laser-induced microplasma. The compactness and high performance of this vacuum-free femtosecond fiber laser microplasma X-ray source makes it a promising solution for advanced radiographic applications. Our preliminary results on the creation of a microfocus X-ray source provide insights into the feasibility and potential of this innovative approach.
Gigahertz semiconductor laser at a center wavelength of 2 µm in single and dual-comb operation
Authors: Gaulke Marco , Heidrich Jonas , Huwyler Nicolas , Schuchter Maximilian , Golling Matthias , Willenberg Benjamin , Barh Ajanta , Keller Ursula
Published: November 2023

Dual-comb lasers are a new class of ultrafast lasers that enable fast, accurate and sensitive measurements without any mechanical delay lines. Here, we demonstrate a 2-µm laser called MIXSEL (Modelocked Integrated eXternal-cavity Surface Emitting Laser), based on an optically pumped passively modelocked semiconductor thin disk laser. Using III-V semiconductor molecular beam epitaxy, we achieve a center wavelength in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) range by integrating InGaSb quantum well gain and saturable absorber layers onto a highly reflective mirror. The cavity setup consists of a linear straight configuration with the semiconductor MIXSEL chip at one end and an output coupler a few centimeters away, resulting in an optical comb spacing between 1 and 10 GHz. This gigahertz pulse repetition rate is ideal for ambient pressure gas spectroscopy and dual-comb measurements without requiring additional stabilization. In single-comb operation, we generate 1.5-ps pulses with an average output power of 28 mW, a pulse repetition rate of 4 GHz at a center wavelength of 2.035 µm. For dual-comb operation, we spatially multiplex the cavity using an inverted bisprism operated in transmission, achieving an adjustable pulse repetition rate difference estimated up to 4.4 MHz. The resulting heterodyne beat reveals a low-noise down-converted microwave frequency comb, facilitating coherent averaging.
Im-SCC-FRET: improved single-cell-based calibration of a FRET system
Authors: Jiang Xinzhuo , Hu Min , Cao Gengqiang , Liu Zhi , Wu Ge , Zhuang Zhengfei , Chen Tongsheng
Published: November 2023

We recently developed a SCC-FRET (single-cell-based calibration of a FRET system) method to quantify spectral crosstalk correction parameters (β and δ) and system calibration parameters (G and k) of a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) system by imaging a single cell expressing a standard FRET plasmid with known FRET efficiency (E) and donor-acceptor concentration ratio (R
C
) (Liu et al., Opt. Express 30, 29063 (2022)10.1364/OE.459861). Here we improved the SCC-FRET method (named as Im-SCC-FRET) to simultaneously obtain β, δ, G, k and the acceptor-to-donor extinction coefficient ratio (ε
A
ε
D
), which is a key parameter to calculate the acceptor-centric FRET efficiency (E
A
), of a FRET system when the range of β and δ values is set as 0-1. In Im-SCC-FRET, the target function is changed from the sum of absolute values to the sum of squares according to the least squares method, and the initial value of β and δ estimated by the integral but not the maximum value spectral overlap between fluorophore and filter. Compared with SCC-FRET, the experimental results demonstrate that Im-SCC-FRET can obtain more accurate and stable results for β, δ, G, and k, and add the ratio ε
A
ε
D
, which is necessary for the FRET hybrid assay. Im-SCC-FRET reduces the complexity of experiment preparation and opens up a promising avenue for developing an intelligent FRET correction system.
Ultrafast optical properties of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric refractory metal nitrides TiNx, ZrNx, and HfNx
Authors: Judek Jarosław , Dhama Rakesh , Pianelli Alessandro , Wróbel Piotr , Michałowski Paweł Piotr , Dana Jayanta , Caglayan Humeyra
Published: November 2023

Refractory metal nitrides have recently gained attention in various fields of modern photonics due to their cheap and robust production technology, silicon-technology compatibility, high thermal and mechanical resistance, and competitive optical characteristics in comparison to typical plasmonic materials like gold and silver. In this work, we demonstrate that by varying the stoichiometry of sputtered nitride films, both static and ultrafast optical responses of refractory metal nitrides can efficiently be controlled. We further prove that the spectral changes in ultrafast transient response are directly related to the position of the epsilon-near-zero region. At the same time, the analysis of the temporal dynamics allows us to identify three time components: the “fast” femtosecond one, the “moderate” picosecond one, and the “slow” at the nanosecond time scale. We also find out that the non-stoichiometry does not significantly decrease the recovery time of the reflectance value. Our results show the strong electron-phonon coupling and reveal the importance of both the electron and lattice temperature-induced changes in the permittivity near the ENZ region and the thermal origin of the long tail in the transient optical response of refractory nitrides.