bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DAMPAK NEGATIF JUAL BELI BARANG DI ATAS PENAWARAN ORANG LAIN
Authors: Hendrianto Hendrianto , Ridwan A Hasan
Published: July 2021

The researcher conducted this research with the intention of explaining the prohibition of selling/buying on people who are in the process of bidding on goods, both in terms of fraternity and the negative impact  (consequences) that arise when bidding occurs while other people are still khiyar. This research was conducted by means of a literature review (Library Research) which uses data collection techniques in the form of documentation. For data analysis, namely literature analysis. The results show that Islam recommends maintaining brotherhood, especially in bargaining for goods when buying and selling so as not to result in market distortion, loss of willingness, violating the value of tolerance, unfair competition, the emergence of hatred, conflict of needs, and a weak level of prudence.
As novas formas do falso: entretenimento, desinformação e política nas redes digitais
Authors: Serelle Marcio , Soares Rosana De Lima
Published: July 2021

A partir das formas culturais (memes, gifs, áudios, vídeos, entre outros) que circularam nas redes digitais durante as eleições brasileiras de 2018, este ensaio investiga a articulação entre entretenimento e informação no embate político, em que se disseminaram informações falsas por meio de discursos que oscilaram da ludicidade à violência. A hipótese é a de que essas formas, emergentes de um substrato cultural constituído historicamente por hibridações, acabaram por se justapor ou mesmo sobrepor àquelas do jornalismo de referência no cotidiano dos eleitores. A comunicação dessas formas, por meio de estruturas profissionais, opera com narrativas de intensidade emotiva para grupos segmentados. Como na lógica do entretenimento, instaurou-se, nesse debate político, um mundo à parte, em que a vinculação com a realidade imediata se tornou irrelevante.
Tunga penetrans (Insecta : Siphonaptera) chez le porc à Sâo Tomé (Afrique équatoriale) : aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, morphologiques et histopathologiques
Authors: Pampiglione S. , Trentini M. , Mattei Gentili F. , Mendes J.L.X. , Pampiglione C. , Rivasi F.
Published: July 2021

L'île de Sâo Tomé, une ancienne colonie portugaise située dans le Golfe de Guinée, fait partie aujourd'hui d'une république indépendante, la République de Sâo Tomé et Principe. Une enquête réalisée sur des porcs abattus à l'abattoir public de la capitale a établi que, sur 100 sujets examinés, 28 étaient affectés par des lésions provoquées par Tunga penetrans (Insecta : Siphonaptera), localisées particulièrement dans les pattes, le museau et les mamelles. La présence également de puces dans l'épaisseur des mamelons a provoqué des pertes économiques importantes car ces conditions ont empêché l'allaitement des porcelets, entraînant ainsi la mort de nichées entières. Des cas humains ont été reportés fréquemment dans l'île, cette parasitose constituant un vrai problème de santé publique. Un des auteurs a été infecté lui même par le parasite. Il semble que le porc représente un réservoir de T. penetrans à Sâo Tomé, comme cela a pu être observé dans de nombreux villages d'Amérique latine. Les auteurs présentent les images photographiques des manifestations cliniques, du tableau histologique des lésions et de la morphologie du parasite.
Equivalents lait et rendements en produits laitiers : modes de calculs et utilisation
Authors: Meyer Christian , Duteurtre Guillaume
Published: July 2021

Pour des besoins statistiques, il peut être parfois utile de comparer des quantités de produits laitiers entre elles en les ramenant à des quantités équivalentes de lait. Pour cela, des coefficients de conversion sont utilisés. Les coefficients sont différents selon leur mode de calcul basé sur la composition du lait et des produits laitiers (équivalent lait) ou sur l'efficacité des modes de fabrication (rendement). Ainsi, les rendements des produits et des sous-produits du lait servent dans les études de filière à estimer la production de lait qui en est à l'origine. Les quantités de lait correspondant à un produit laitier ne s'additionnent pas à celles correspondant à ses sous-produits. Leur valeur est de l'ordre de 5 pour les fromages frais, 7,6 pour les laits en poudre, 10 pour les fromages secs, 22 pour le beurre, 25 pour l'huile de beurre (beurre liquide). Par contre, les équivalents lait proprement dits sont en général utilisés à une échelle plus large pour comparer des marchés et les quantités obtenues peuvent s'additionner les unes les autres. Mais celles-ci sont sous-estimées car tous les produits et sous-produits ne sont pas toujours commercialisés ni pris en compte dans les statistiques. Les équivalents lait les plus utilisés et ceux qui posent le moins de problèmes sont ceux basés sur la matière sèche. Leur valeur est de l'ordre de 2 pour les laits condensés, 2 pour les fromages frais, 4,4 pour les fromages secs, 6,6 pour le beurre solide, 8 pour l'huile de beurre et 7,6 pour les laits en poudre. Mais comme les autres coefficients basés sur les matières grasses, la matière sèche non grasse ou combinés, ils sont toujours biaisés. Lorsque ces coefficients sont employés, la méthode choisie et les coefficients utilisés doivent toujours être mentionnés.
La résistance génétique aux maladies animales
Authors: Maillard Jean-Charles
Published: July 2021

Les moyens de lutte antivectoriels et les différentes campagnes d'éradication ont souvent eu des effets limités géographiquement et dans le temps, avec des mesures de conservation qui se sont révélées parfois décevantes. A partir de ce constat, la lutte génétique est devenue une alternative très prometteuse pour l'avenir dans le cadre de programmes de lutte intégrée contre les maladies des espèces domestiques d'intérêt zootechnique. L'Office international des épizooties (OIE) vient de publier un numéro spécial de sa Revue scientifique et technique qui est entièrement consacré à la "Résistance génétique aux maladies animales"
Une typologie des systèmes d'élevage camelin dans les districts de Bikaner et de Jaisaimer au Rajasthan, Inde
Authors: Laval Geraud , Khanna N.D. , Faye Bernard
Published: July 2021

Cent quatre-vingt-seize chameliers ont été interrogés dans 23 villages accessibles par route dans les districts de Bikaner et de jaisalmer au Rajasthan de juillet à septembre 1997. Les questions ont concerné la gestion de l'élevage camelin et l'utilisation des animaux. Les méthodes et les paramètres discriminants ont été identifiés par des analyses multivariées classiques utilisant le logiciel SPAD et assignés à des classes déterminées en vue de réaliser une typologie des systèmes d'élevage. Cinq classes d'activités et de revenus des propriétaires de dromadaire ont été identifiées : fermiers riches (47 %), fermiers modestes (25 %), activités d'élevage prépondérante (19 %), grandes familles (6 %) et éleveurs pauvres sans terre (3 %). Quatre classes de structure des troupeaux on été déterminées : troupeaux de taille moyenne (40 %), grands troupeaux pluriespèces (28 %), troupeaux mâles uniquement (27 %) et troupeaux femelles uniquement (5 %). Six classes d'objectifs ont été observées : charrette pour la ferme et la location (32 %), charrette à usage fermier uniquement (19 %), commerce des chameaux (19 %), chameaux destinés aux travaux de labour et/ou sous-utilisés (13 %), chameaux pour multi-usage (11 %), revenus provenant d'abord du commerce des chameaux et secondairement de la charrette (6 %).
Trypanosoma vivax en Amérique : morphométrie et spectre d'hôtes
Authors: Davila A.M.R. , Ramirez L. , Silva R.A.M.S.
Published: July 2021

L'espèce Trypanosoma vivax, d'origine africaine, est classiquement décrite comme ayant la forme d'une massue à l'extrémité arrondie. Cependant des formes longues et flexueuses sont présentes dans plusieurs stocks. En Amérique, le maintien de cette forme classique en massue semble dépendre de l'espèce de l'hôte. Le T. vivax d'Amérique du Sud mesure de 16 à 26,5 pm de longueur et apparait ainsi plus court que l'espèce décrite initialement. Des études biométriques récentes ont montré que les longueurs moyennes du T. vivax d'Amérique du Sud variaient de 15,86 à 23 pm et que la longueur minimum rapportée était 11,34 pm. Une description des caractéristiques morphologiques et du spectre d'hôtes de T. vivax en Amérique est présentée car peu d'information est disponible sur la pathogénicité, l'épizootiologie et la morphologie des trypanosomes semblables à T. vivax infectant les animaux domestiques dans cette région du monde.
Analisis Respon Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia Akibat External Shock Amerika Serikat dan China
Authors: Prasetyo Alvin Sugeng , Susandika Mochamad Devis
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the response to Indonesia's economic growth caused by external shocks from the United States and China. The method used is VECM, because it is stationary at I (1) and there is cointegration. The estimation results show that the uncertainty of China's economic policies and the contribution of China's economic growth has a greater effect than the United States on Indonesia's economic growth. The shock of the rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar was better than the rupiah exchange rate against the RMB. The shock of changes in oil prices was responded negatively by changes in Indonesia's economic growth. In the long term, there are no signs of a movement in response to changes in Indonesia's economic growth towards equilibrium (convergence).
KESEDIAAN MEMBAYAR (WILLINGNESS TO PAY) TERHADAP PRODUK COFFEE LATTE DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Jamal Sutan Mhd Amin , Prasetyo Edy , Budiharjo Kustopo
Published: July 2021

The development of the coffeeshop grew rapidly in the last 10 years, with the change of adolescent lifestyle patterns in consuming coffee in the coffeeshop. Coffee Latte is one of the usual menu served by the coffeeshop at varying prices. This research aims to analyze the characteristics of consumers, analyzing the value of Willingness to Pay and analyzing the influence of consumer characteristics against the value of consumer Willingness to Pay on coffee latte products. The study was conducted on 15 January to 15 February 2020 located in the coffeeshop around the campus Undip Tembalang with the determination of the location purposive. The research method used is the survey method. Respondents were taken as much as 99 people using accidental sampling. Data collection using primary and secondary data. Analysis of the data used are descriptive analysis, quantitative analysis and the analysis of logistic regression. The results of the study gained that most consumers of coffee latte were men with a percentage of 58.6% and women with a percentage of 41.4%. Consumers who are willing to pay more than the current price are 94.9% of respondents and amounting to 5.05% of the respondents are not willing to increase by 5% to 25%. A significant factor affecting the willingness of pay is quality.

Keywords: Coffee Latte, Willingness to Pay, Consumers
FACTORS AFFECTING FARMER'S CLIMATE RISK PERCEPTION IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES : EVIDENCE FROM SWITZERLAND AND GHANA
Authors: Rokhani Rokhani , Asrofi Ahmad , Khasan Ahmad Fatikhul
Published: July 2021

Climate change is the primary challenge of agricultural production in developing and developed countries. Farmers' perception of climate change is the critical driver in encouraging farmers to take autonomous adaptation practices. Thus, this study aimed to identify factors affecting farmers' perception of climate change in developing and developed countries and take Ghana and Switzerland as the study cases. The study used data from 378 cocoa farmers in Ghana and 109 farmers in Switzerland. The data was obtained from a structured interview and survey and contained socio-economic and farm characteristics of farmers. This study employed an ordered probit regression to estimate the factors affecting farmers' perception of climate change. The results show that landholding, farm income, and education significantly affect farmer perception of climate change. Landholding and farm income significantly affect farmer perception of climate change in Switzerland and Ghana. But, education only significantly affects the farmers' perception of climate change in Switzerland. Meanwhile, age and crops/livestock ownership does not significantly affect farmers' perception of climate change in Ghana and Switzerland. The results also show that Switzerland's farmers have a stronger perception of climate change than farmers in Ghana.

Keywords: climate risk perception, climate change perception, Ghana, Switzerland
KELAYAKAN USAHATANI TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA: STUDI KOMPARASI PADA PROSES PENGOVENAN DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Anwar Muhammad , Prasetyowati Rini Endang , Ahyani Hidayatul
Published: July 2021

There are two methods of flue curing process used in virginia tobacco farmers in East Lombok, which are curing with fossil fuel and curing with local (alternative) fuels (candlenut shell, palm kernel shells, wood, and corn cobs). Now days, due to increasing fossil fuels price, farmer tend to use local fuels. The research objective was to compare the costs, income, and feasibility level of virginia tobacco farming on the use of various alternative fuels in the oven process in East Lombok Regency. The method used is descriptive survey method to 40 farmers. The cost of farming virginia tobacco using candlenut shell as fuel is Rp. 44,788,057/ha/planting season with an R/C ratio of 1.6 palm kernel shells of 45,081,109/ha/planting season with an R/C ratio of 1.5 wood of Rp. 49,498,452/ha/planting season with an R/C ratio of 1.4 and corn cobs of Rp. 39,184,196/ha/planting season with an R/C ratio of 1.8. The highest income is obtained from farmers who use corn cobs as fuel of Rp. 30,037,854/ha/planting season, the income of the farmers who use hazelnut shell and palm shell as fuel each is Rp. 25,938,788/ha/planting season and Rp. 23,757,891/ha/planting season. The lowest income using wood fuel is Rp. 16,883,748/ha/planting season. Because the R/C value is more than 1, it means that virginia tobacco farming using various alternative materials in the oven process in East Lombok Regency is feasible.
THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT SUPPLY CHAIN IN KUBU RAYA DISTRICT
Authors: Alfaliansyah M. , Maswadi Maswadi
Published: July 2021

The particular problem of coconut in Kubu Raya Regency is the ongoing partnership with suppliers to meet dynamic market changes that have not been well established. Supply chain management has become an important matter in the coconut industry in Kubu Raya Regency. Measurement of the performance of the coconut industry supply chain in order to optimize the performance of the coconut supply chain in Kubu Raya Regency, so that the realization of an efficient and effective coconut supply chain. Measurement of added value is done using the Hayami method and performance measurement is done by the SCOR method. The result of value added analysis shows that the added value of coconut in the farmer level is 758 rupiah / fruit. Analysis of supply performance using the SCOR method shows the performance of each member of the supply chain. Farmers have a 72.3% performance value included in the category below average. Traders and collectors obtained a performance value of 55.7% included in the Poor category.
AUTOMATION OF LOCAL VOLTAGE CALCULATION IN BOX- SECTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SPAN STRUCTURES WITH RUNNING BEAMS ACCORDING TO CONTINUOUS MONITORING DATA
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Grachev A. A. , Nikitin G. I. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Plotnikov D. G. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Banite A. V. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Bortiakov D. E. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Gabriel A. S. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: July 2021

The article presents a technique for automating the calculation of local stresses from the application of a concentrated load on additional structural elements of box-section spans with riding beams based on continuous monitoring data to assess the current technical condition and then predict the state of the structure. The necessity of applying an analytical approach to assessing the stress-strain state of a structure at the initial stages of design and technical operation has been substantiated. The drawbacks of the existing analytical approach to stress assessment are shown. Taking into account the available resources, an acceptable research program was developed and implemented, which would lead to satisfactory results. In accordance with the program, a series of numerical experiments was carried out using software that makes it possible to simulate complex structures and solve them using the finite element method, aimed at obtaining an array of data, the use of which would improve the accuracy of the existing analytical solution. By using software aimed at processing scientific data arrays, mathematical dependences of the required parameters on the initial constructive data were obtained. Formulas and initial data were obtained for calculating correction factors, which improve the accuracy of calculating local compressive and bending stresses. These formulas were combined with the already existing analytical dependencies in order to obtain a simple and easily applicable method for determining the actual local stresses from the application of an indirect concentrated load. As a result of scientific research, a new method for the analytical determination of local bending and compression stresses in riding beams was proposed on the basis of an analysis of the existing methodology and a series of numerical experiments.
FEATURES OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE STREET-ROAD NETWORK WHEN CONSTRUCTING THE ROAD GRAPH IN THE TRANSPORT MODEL
Authors:   Research and Design Institute for Territorial Development and Transport Infrastructure (LLC “NIPI TRTI”), Myachin V. N. , Borovikova K. S. ,   Research and Design Institute for Territorial Development and Transport Infrastructure (LLC “NIPI TRTI”), Krivtsov D. P. ,   Research and Design Institute for Territorial Development and Transport Infrastructure (LLC “NIPI TRTI”)
Published: July 2021

Constructing transport models is a relevant tool for solving various transport problems. The article discusses one of the important stages of creating a transport model — building a graph of a street-road network. The examples of the graphs of the street-road network of cities developed by the authors are presented. Special attention is paid to the features of road classification when developing a graph. The analysis of normative documents, in accordance with which a class is assigned to roads and streets in the Russian Federation, is carried out. Three ways of developing a road network graph are proposed. Methods for constructing a graph using data on the street-road network from the open cartographic source OSM are described in more detail. The main problems of applying each of the methods are outlined. The main problem is the discrepancy between the classification of roads from the OSM and the classification of roads of the Russian Federation adopted in the regulatory documents. Variants of simplifying the construction of the road network graph in the transport model are suggested.
Comparative and contrastive analysis of French conjunctive expressions «autant que», «d'autant que and d'autant plus que» and their Spanish equivalents
Authors:   Moscow State Regional University, Moscow, Solntseva Anna V.
Published: July 2021

The article is an attempt of a semantic and syntactic analysis of French complex conjunctions autant que, d'autant que and d'autant plus que. The author undertakes to find out which means of conjunction can be regarded as their equivalents in Spanish. The research is based on the data provided by dictionaries and translations of French fiction and press into Spanish. The article defines the grammatical status and lexical meaning of the conjunctions autant que, d'autant que and d'autant plus que and their Spanish equivalents, analyzes the conditions of their functioning in speech, reveals common features and differences in the fields of syntagmatics and paradigmatics. The conjunction autant que can denote a variety of meanings and their shades: comparison, limitation, equivalence, condition, concession. In Spanish it corresponds to tanto como, como, cuanto, hasta donde, según lo que, en lo que, todo lo que and the combination a más po + infinitive, cuando, por mucho que. French verbless constructions containing autant que can be translated by Spanish constructions containing lo que, lo mismo que, el mismo + noun + que, al mismo tiempo. French conjunctions d'autant plus que and d'autant que correspond in Spanish to tanto más cuanto que, tanto más cuanto, tanto más que. These conjunctions serve to indicate additional motivation for the action described in the mainsentence. They introduce subordinate clauses expressing additional reason and operate within constructions consisting of three components: the motivated message, the main reason, and the additional reason.
The concepts of «reality» and «statement» in the analysis of modal alternation in Spanish relative subordinate clauses
Authors:   Russian state university of tourism and services studies, Makarova Alexandra I.
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes theoretical works that raise the problem of analyzing the use of the subjunctive mood in subordinate relatives in Spanish based on the concept of «reality». This topic is relevant and widely discussed among Spanish researchers. Earlier, the author has already attempted to study a different concept – the concept of «statement». This concept, based on the hidden semantics of the whole sentence, is applicable to the analysis of subordinate object sentences. The aim of the study is to determine the features of the subjunctive mood use in subordinate relative sentences in the Spanish language, based on the semantic features of the concepts of «statement» and «reality». This article attempts to implement the concept of «statement» in the analysis of subordinate relative clauses. The author concludes that this concept is not always applicable to the analysis of this type of subordinate clauses. However, we cannot completely exclude it from the analysis. The concept of «reality», which is in its own way a consequence of the concept of «statement», helps to explain the modal alternation in subordinate relative clauses. The subjunctive mood indicates the abstractness of the antecedent or the speaker's doubts about the existence of the antecedent in reality. The indicative mood, on the contrary, indicates the reality of the object or the speaker's belief in its existence. The materials of this study raise questions related to the application of concepts within other types of subordinate clauses and in other closely related languages (French).
Religious Coping, Medication Adherence and Quality of Life for Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Putra Made Mahaguna , Mariani Kadek Siki , Ratnadi Ni Nyoman Ari
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health issue particularly in the elderly. Religion may affect the Quality of Life in such patients, mediated by factors such as religious coping and medication adherence. This study aimed to investigate the impact of religious coping and medication adherence on quality of life.Method: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health issue particularly in the elderly. Religion may affect the Quality of Life in such patients, mediated by factors such as religious coping and medication adherence. This study aimed to investigate the impact of religious coping and medication adherence on quality of life.Result: there is a significant relationship between Religious Coping and adherence to treatment in Diabetes Mellitus patients with a value of r = 0.266 (p = 0.00) and quality of life (r = 0.216; p = 0.00).Conclusion: Religious coping has an important influence and relationship on treatment adherence to diabetes mellitus sufferers and can provide motivation for sufferers in carrying out medication.
The Correlation of Antiretroviral Consumption Adherence on the Quality of Life of HIV Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kurniawati Lailaturohmah , Nursalam Nusalam , Sinuraya Boby , Azizah Melya Nur
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The use of antiretroviral therapy (ARV) occupies a major role in maintaining the immune system of patients with HIV / AIDS. Nowadays, there are still many cases of disobedient behavior in taking medication that affects the health condition and Quality of Life (QoL) of patients.This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of previous journals discussing the correlation of antiretroviral (ARV) consuming adherence to the Quality of Life (QoL) of HIV patients.Method: The literature searching process was specified on the five years latest research (2016-2020), selected from several indexed electronic databases (EBSCO, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Proquest, Sage. Wiley, and DOAJ). Risk of Bias assessment tool using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist, The research design selected was cross-sectional.Results: The search using a search engine resulted in a total of 723 articles and found 15 eligible journal manuscripts selected according to the criteria. The total number of respondents in this review were 5,416 respondents, with a total population involved between 83 and 1395 participants. There were 3 main discussions related to the adherence of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs consuming to the increased quality of life of HIV AIDS patients, factors that influenced adherence to Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in HIV patients, and other supporting factors that affected the Quality of Life (QoL) other than ARV in HIV patients.Conclusion: There is correlation antiretroviral (ARV) drugs consuming adherence for QoL,there can improve the Quality of Life (QoL) of HIV patients.
Path Analysis of Social Support as Determinant of Anxiety in People at Risk of Covid-19 during The Pandemic
Authors: Azizah Lilik Marifatul , Zainuri Imam , Kotijah Siti
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an acute respiratory syndrome with a variety of specific symptoms that can lead to fatal death, causing public anxiety about contracting this disease and uncertainty of health status. The purpose of this study was to determine the path analysis of the effect of social support on anxiety for people at risk of Covid-19 during the pandemic.Method: The design was an explanatory study with a population of all Covid-19 People at Risk in Kemlagi District, Mojokerto Regency, with a sample of 150 respondents by random sampling. The exogenous variable was social support which is measured using the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ). The endogenous variable was anxiety measured by the GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) questionnaire which consists of 7 questions about signs and symptoms of normal/appropriate affective, cognitive, and physical behavior. The analysis with Structural of Equation Model (SEM) with Partial Lease Square (PLS) approach with theory-based model development and path diagram development.Result: The level of anxiety of people at risk in facing the Covid-19 outbreak is directly affected by emotional support (path coefficient of 0.516 and statistical T value of 8.289), and information support about Covid-19 with a path coefficient of 0.286 and statistical T value of 3.868. Instrumental support has an indirect effect on anxiety (significance probability (P) 0.385> 0.05). The findings in this study are that social support (emotional and informational) can reduce the level of anxiety of people at risk of Covid-19 during the pandemic.Conclusion: When people are at risk of facing the Covid-19 outbreak, social support helps improve people's ability to the interpretation of stressors during the pandemic properly, and utilize the resources used in solving problems, and good coping efforts, so that the level of anxiety during the pandemic decreased.
The effectiveness of the combination of Moringa oleifera extract and propolis on Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms compared to 0.7% tetracycline
Authors: Kurniawan Hansen , Widyastuti W. , Hutapea Mery Esterlita
Published: July 2021

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that occurs in periodontal tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis is also known as a bacterium commonly associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Tetracycline is one of the antibiotics often used in periodontal tissue treatment. Propolis and Moringa oleifera are also known to have certain compounds assumed to be able to inhibit biofilm growth. Purpose: This study aims to understand the effectiveness of the combination of Moringa oleifera and propolis on porphyomonas gingivalis biofilms compared to 0.7% tetracycline. Methods: A biofilm inhibition activity test was performed using the broth micro dilution method. First, bacteria were prepared by making a suspension in brain heart infusion media and adjusting it to 0.5 McFarland I standard. Second, fifteen samples were divided into five groups; group K as control group (0.1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), T (0.7% tetracycline), and treatment groups with the combination of propolis and Moringa oleifera in various concentrations, such as P1(10%+20%), P2(10%+40%), and P3(10%+80%). Third, the result data obtained in the form of optical density (OD) was read by using an ELISA reader. Next, statistical analysis using analysis of the variance test was conducted (p<0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between group T and group P1 (0.075). Nevertheless, there were significant differences between group T and group P2 as well as between group T and group P3 (0.00) (p=< 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of 10% propolis and 40% Moringa oleifera as well as the combination of 10% propolis and 80% Moringa oleifera have better antibacterial effectiveness against Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm than 0.7% tetracycline.
The antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans isolated from HIV/AIDS patients
Authors: Rezeki Sri , Pradono Siti Aliyah , Subita Gus Permana , Rosana Yeva , Sunnati S. , Gani Basri A.
Published: July 2021

Background: Candida albicans was found to be dominant in patients with human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). The antifungals fluconazole, ketoconazole, and nystatin were used as oral candidiasis therapy for HIV/AIDS, each of which has differing susceptibility in oral candidiasis therapy. Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility and antifungal resistance to oral C. albicans in HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: The subjects followed the universal precaution principles. Oral Candida species were isolated from the saliva of 98 HIV/AIDS subjects. Identification of Candida species was carried out by the mycobiotic agar of API 20 C Aux system. Susceptibility and resistance antifungal tests on the Candida species were performed using a Fungus ATB Kit. Results: Candida albicans was the most dominant species found from 98 subjects (95%). The rest were other Candida species. There are 41 subjects (42%) with a history of oral candidiasis, and 57 subjects (58%) without. The history of those who used antifungals were: nystatin = 60 subjects (61%), fluconazole = 39 subjects (40%), and ketoconazole = two subjects (2%). These antifungals have a susceptibility above 80% against C. albicans, except the nystatin group (79%) (p>0.05; 0.628), but fluconazole has a strong correlation (r=0.820) to susceptibility, susceptibility-dependent dose, and resistance. Conclusion: Candida albicans was dominant in the saliva of HIV/AIDS patients. This fungus was effectively treated by fluconazole, ketoconazole and nystatin. These antifungals had a high susceptibility at ≤ 8 μg/mL to C. albicans.
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) gel extract as an antioxidant on the shear bond strength of a resin composite post-bleaching application with 40% hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Suratno Indes Rosmalisa , Dwiandhono Irfan , Purnama Ryana Budi
Published: July 2021

Background: Tooth discoloration can be treated with tooth bleaching. Bleaching using 40% hydrogen peroxide can reduce the shear bond strength of resin composite because there are free radicals on the tooth surface, so it can delay the restoration. The application of antioxidants can eliminate free radicals after the bleaching procedure and increase the shear bond strength of the composite resin. The common antioxidants are ascorbic acid and natural ingredients, such as pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Purpose: To determine the effect of pomegranate extract gel on the shear bond strength of composite resin after 40% hydrogen peroxide bleaching application. Methods: This research used 32 maxillary first premolars that were divided into four groups. The samples were bleached, then the labial was prepared and antioxidant gel was applied: group P1 pomegranate gel extract of 5%, group P2 pomegranate gel extract of 10%, group K1 positive control ascorbic acid gel of 10% and group K2 as the negative control. The samples were restored with a nanohybrid composite resin. The shear bond strength was tested using a universal testing machine. The data were tested using a one-way ANOVA followed by a post-hoc LSD test. Results: The pomegranate gel extract increased the shear bond strength of the composite resin after the bleaching procedure of 40% hydrogen peroxide compared with the ascorbic acid gel group and the negative control group. The one-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference (p<0.05). The post-hoc LSD test showed significant differences between the treatment and negative control groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The pomegranate gel extract as an antioxidant increased the shear bond strength of the composite resin restoration after the 40% hydrogen peroxide bleaching application.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Eco Enzyme Bersama Komunitas Eco Enzyme Lambung Mangkurat Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Dewi Dian Masita
Published: July 2021

Eco enzyme is a multifunctional liquid produced from a 3-month fermentation process with simple ingredients, brown sugar/cane drops, waste or organic waste using a 1:3:10 composition. During this eco enzyme fermentation process, it will produce O3 and O2 gases (ozone and oxygen), this is equivalent to that produced by 10 trees. Some of the benefits of Eco Enzyme are that it can clean polluted rivers, such as antiseptics, fertilize the soil and replace daily household chemical products. The objectives of this community service activity are: 1) to introduce an organic waste management program into eco-enzyme. 2) this community service activity will be published in a national journal. This activity will be held from February 21 to May 26, 2021. The target audience involved in this activity is 10 members of the Lambung Mangkurat Eco Enzyme Community Kalimantan. Selection of target audience based on the closest distance. The methods used in the implementation of this activity are lectures, simulations and practices of processing organic waste into environmentally friendly eco enzymes. The conclusion of the program is that all participants are enthusiastic and can produce good quality eco enzymes. Based on the evaluation results indicate that the satisfaction of the participants is very high when viewed from all aspects of the assessment.
The Ideological Influence of the Communist Party of China on the Communist Party of Vietnam
Authors: Terskikh M.
Published: July 2021

The article focuses on the peculiarities of Vietnam’s position in the orbit of the ideological and theoretical influence of China. The author examines the most important party documents of both states, reveals their main similarities and differences. The author concludes that Hanoi scrupulously studies, critically assesses, and actively uses the experience of Chinese economic and political reforms. The party and state leadership of Vietnam, when carrying out major transformations of recent decades, was directly guided by the successful experience of their Chinese colleagues. This led to the situation where today’s political systems of Vietnam and China are quite similar, but still are not (and will never be) twin brothers. At the same time, the countries developed a wide network of inter-party contacts which is used not only as an instrument of exchanging views on adapting Marxism-Leninism to current realities, but also as an additional and mutually beneficial channel of communication on a wide range of issues. Despite this, the similarity of the political systems does not necessarily lead to a change in foreign policy. China has an impressive array of tools to influence its southern neighbor, but their ideological closeness is definitely not the most important of them. It is concluded that the role of ideology in Vietnam’s policy, although it remains noticeable, is significantly inferior to the role of national interests and pragmatic views.
Regulatory Autonomy of Great Britain: Problems and Perspectives
Authors: Bolshakov A.
Published: July 2021

Sovereignty does not imply regulatory autonomy. After Brexit, the UK should align its regulatory policy with European norms, if it is interested in close partnership with the EU. Compromises must be made by both sides in order to ensure stability of the partnership. The EU will have to acknowledge the UK’s right to diverge from European rules. Britain will have to partly accept the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice. The structure of dispute settlement mechanism which will be created under the partnership agreement should be a product of a compromise. The present study shows that optimal structure of dispute settlement mechanism must include two different procedures: one for political issues and the other for commercial issues. The central role for the European Court of Justice must be envisaged as a part of politically oriented procedure. There must be no role for the European Court of Justice or any Union to set the pace of political communication. The latter reflects the interest of Great Britain to simplify economic relations, which means that, firstly, disputes are resolved by independent arbiters; secondly, the EU acknowledges the UK’s right to diverge from European regulations; and thirdly, the UK accepts the EU’s right to impose countervailing duties to compensate for adverse effects of divergence on competition. This article also examines the main problems of future British regulatory policy, especially in the field of state aid. Boris Johnson’s government has decided not to form a full-fledged regulatory regime in the area of state aid. Its stance is politically appropriate since Conservative party manifesto for the 2019 general election promised to support local industries without limitations. But that decision created a great deal of economic risk. Firstly, the absence of a domestic subsidy control regulator can cause chaos within regulation system because workable norms and rules can only be sustained by a tight enforcement mechanism. Secondly, the EU can cite lack of subsidy control as an obstacle for British business to have unrestricted access to the European market.
The involvement of the public and private sector - elements with influence on travel & tourism demand during the crisis period
Authors: Balalia (Iosif) Alina Elena , Petrescu Raluca Mariana
Published: July 2021

In the context of the economic crisis, the consumers´ behavior registered changes, so tourists have become highly price sensitive and tending to economize on the duration of their holidays. Starting with the changes generated by the economic crisis, the need to achieve a new economic level is felt both in the public sector through the development and consolidation of new public policies and also in the private sector through the involvement into solid plans, with adapted initiatives. The purpose of this paper is to capture the impact of the public and private sectors involvement on the Travel& Tourism (T& T) demand during the current economic crisis, the period 2008-2010. As design, the content is divided into three main parts, as follows: the perspectives of public and private sector on T& T industry, the impact of the economic crisis on T& T, and the econometric analysis which is concentrated on the connection between the T& T demand and some potential variables with impact on it. The methodology refers mainly to the econometric analysis, constructed in concordance with the findings of the paper. In order to test the link between the variables, the author uses the macroeconomic approach, by including into analysis the European Union member countries. Regarding originality, the paper reveals the positive influence, as real growth, of the T& T Direct Industry in GDP and the capital investment in T& T on the T& T demand.
The Spontaneous Pricing Order in the Noncooperative Game of Monopolistic Manufacturer and Many Retailers
Authors: Si Tieyan
Published: July 2021

We consider the collective pricing orders in a minimum supply chain that is composed of a monopolistic manufacturer and many retailers that belong to the same chain store firm. The retailers have the freedom to raise or lower the local price. The chain store firm sets up the commercial rules for local retail stores to maximize its total payoff. The monopolistic manufacturer firm controls the total quantity supplied for the market to achieve maximum benefits. We applied the two dimensional Ising model in statistical physics to map the collective distribution of microscopic strategy of local retailers into the macroscopic total payoff of the chain store firm. The local stores choose to raise the price or lower the price based their own mind when the supply in market surpasses the demand. When the supply in market is far less than the demand, the stores synchronously raise prices, even though a local store only have the incomplete information of their nearest neighboring supermarket. We find the critical equation for the balance point between the action of supplier and the action of chain store management based on game theory and statistical physics. The critical equation can identify the Nash equilibrium point of the non-cooperative game between the manufacturer and the chain-store seller, and reveal different levels of collective operations. This statistical physics method also holds for more complicate supply chains and economic systems.
The Potential Of Simulating Energy Systems: The Multi Energy Systems Simulator Model
Authors: Bottecchia Luigi , Lubello Pietro , Zambelli Pietro , Carcasci Carlo , Kranzl Lukas
Published: July 2021

Energy system modelling is an essential practice to assist a set of heterogeneous stakeholders in the process of defining an effective and efficient energy transition. From the analysis of a set of open source energy system models, it has emerged that most models employ an approach directed at finding the optimal solution for a given set of constraints. On the contrary, a simulation model is a representation of a system that is used to reproduce and understand its behaviour under given conditions, without seeking an optimal solution. Given the lack of simulation models that are also fully open source, in this paper a new open source energy system model is presented. The developed tool, called Multi Energy Systems Simulator (MESS), is a modular, multi-node model that allows to investigate non optimal solutions by simulating the energy system. The model has been built having in mind urban level analyses. However, each node can represent larger regions allowing wider spatial scales to be be represented as well. MESS is capable of performing analysis on systems composed by multiple energy carriers (e.g. electricity, heat, fuels). In this work, the tool’s features will be presented by a comparison between MESS itself and an optimization model, in order to analyze and highlight the differences between the two approaches, the potentialities of a simulation tool and possible areas for further development.
Financial Literacy and Sustainable Consumer Behavior
Authors: Muñoz-Céspedes Ester , Ibar-Alonso Raquel , Lorenzo-Ros Sara
Published: July 2021

A more sustainable society and economy also implies a more sustainable behavior in the consumption of financial products. A possible change in focus can come from the demand side, so that more sustainable consumption of financial products have to go hand to hand with financial literacy. However, financial literacy, potential favoring of this sustainable behavior, is far from reaching an international consensus about its definition, object and scope. Two objectives are analyzed; the different interpretations of financial literacy in the academic literature, as well as its evolution and how, in what context and with what other concepts the term is used in social networks. Scientometric techniques and content analysis have been used to carry out a systematic review of literature and also NLP to analyze the comments on Social Networks. Critical moments are identified in the definition of financial literacy. Also ten sentiments are analyzed in social networks in wich positivity, trust, and anticipation predominate. Greater attention to this issue is necessary both from the private initiative and from public policies, so that financial literacy is an effective tool for a more sustainable behavior by consumers. Finally, a new definition is proposed based on our findings.
A Comprehensive Review of Lithium-ion Cell Temperature Estimation Techniques Applicable to Health-Conscious Fast Charging and Smart Battery Management Systems
Authors: Samanta Akash , Williamson Sheldon S.
Published: July 2021

Highly nonlinear characteristics of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are significantly influenced by the external and internal temperature of the LIB cell. Moreover, cell temperature beyond the manufacturer’s specified safe operating limit could lead to thermal runaway and even fire hazards and safety concerns to operating personnel. Therefore, accurate information of cell internal and surface temperature of LIB is highly crucial for effective thermal management and proper operation of a battery management system (BMS). Accurate temperature information is also essential to BMS for the accurate estimation of various important states of LIB such as state of charge, state of health and so on. High capacity LIB pack, used in electric vehicles and grid-tied stationary energy storage system essentially consists of thousands of individual LIB cells. Therefore, installing a physical sensor at each cell especially at the cell core is not practically feasible from the solution cost, space and weight point of view. A solution is to develop a suitable estimation strategy which led scholars to propose different temperature estimation schemes aiming to establish a balance among accuracy, adaptability, modelling complexity and computational cost. This article presented an exhaustive review of these estimation strategies covering recent developments, current issues, major challenges, and future research recommendations. The prime intention is to provide a detailed guideline to the researchers and industries towards developing a highly accurate, intelligent, adaptive, easy to implement and compute efficient online temperature estimation strategy applicable to health-conscious fast charging and smart onboard BMS.