bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating a Supportive Environment for Self-Management in Healthcare via Patient Electronic Tools
Authors: Balouchi Sharazade , Keshavjee Karim , Zbib Ahmad , Vassanji Karim , Toor Jastinder
Published: April 2017

Consumer electronic healthcare applications and tools, both Web-based and mobile apps, are increasingly available and used by citizens around the world. “eTools” denote the full range of electronic applications that consumers may use to assess, track, or treat their disease(s), including communicating with their healthcare provider. Consumer eTool use is prone to plateauing of use because it is one-sided (i.e., consumers use them without the assistance or advice of a healthcare provider). Patient eTools that allow patients to communicate with their healthcare providers, exchange data, and receive support and guidance between visits is a promising approach that could lead to more effective, sustained, and sustainable use of eTools. The key elements of a supportive environment for eTool use include 2-way data integration from patient home monitoring equipment to providers and from provider electronic medical records systems to patient eTools, mechanisms to support provider-patient communication between visits, the ability for providers to easily monitor incoming data from multiple patients, and for provider systems to leverage the team environment and delegate tasks to appropriate providers for education and follow-up. This is explored in this chapter.
A Need for Greater Collaboration
Authors: Sourial Mariette , Bamdas Jo Ann M. , Constanzo Angelica , Ishak Marina E.
Published: April 2017

Patient safety concerns have risen to such levels that multiple organizations and initiatives have been created to reduce hospital readmissions and medication errors in the United States healthcare system. Interprofessional education and collaborative practice (IPECP) has become a center of focus in healthcare education and the competency-based programs help health providers function more effectively as a team, train new university and college healthcare students to become ready for collaborative practice, and assist in making new policies and practices to improve today's healthcare system. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of healthcare initiatives created to help lower hospital readmission rates and polypharmacy errors. These projects, programs, and initiatives optimize patient care while minimizing costs. With pharmacists, physicians, nurses, social workers, and other professionals and caregivers build better teams with improved communication and understanding each other's roles and responsibilities, the global healthcare system will overcome the numerous challenges.
The Patient-Centered Medicine as the Theoretical Framework for Patient Engagement
Authors: Lidia Borghi , Federica Galli , Maria Vegni Elena Anna
Published: April 2017

The present contribution will describe the origin, development and main characteristics of the patient-centered medicine; the literature on patient-centeredness, in particular in the field of chronic disorders, will be discussed and the importance of this approach underlined; arguments about the importance of patient-centered medicine as theoretical frame founding and supporting the concept of patient engagement will be highlighted, considering that only within this medical epistemology the patient's engagement can find a full and complete expression.
Dual Scrambled Image Watermarking Algorithm in DWT-SVD Composite Domain
Authors: Singh Dharm , Agarwal Madhuri , Singh Charu
Published: April 2017

There is an increased risk of copyright violation of multimedia data due to the enormous growth of computer networks that provides fast and error free transmission of any multimedia information. A copyright identifier that may contain some information about the lawful owner is inserted in the contents of the image, without sacrificing its quality. The security levels are increased by using a key value and scaling factor for the embedding and extraction process. The dual scrambled watermark using Arnold and Scrambling sequence is embedded by modifying the singular values of the scrambled cover image's DWT middle frequency sub-band. The simulation was performed on MATLAB 7.7.0 with standard database gray scale images of size 512x512 and watermark of size 64x64 using hybrid dual scrambled watermark schemes. The performance analysis is done on the basis of the degree of scrambling and JPEG compression attack using various parameters. The proposed method achieves better imperceptibility and security for the copyright protection methods.
Mobile Security
Authors: Tripathi Meenakshi , Gajrani Jyoti , Jain Vinesh Kumar
Published: April 2017

Mobile communication has various important issues such as congestion control, scarcity of radio spectrum, bandwidth utilization, and security. With increased number of threats in mobile devices, security has become the most important issue now-a-days. Security can be considered primarily at two levels; wireless transmission medium and mobile data level, where malicious applications execute their behavior by exploiting vulnerabilities present in mobile OS. The chapter also focuses on the latter one as these attacks can be easily performed by targeting vulnerabilities present in OS. The content is specifically on Android Operating System security as Android has become the largest installed base of mobile platform. This chapter specifies these vulnerabilities and focuses on malicious intentions of latest and sophisticated malware in detail. The chapter covers static and dynamic analysis tools as well as focuses on limitations of these methods for analyses. The results for malware samples with emulator detection capabilities show that these malware behaves more as benign samples.
Direction-Aware Routing Protocol for Delay-Tolerant Network
Authors: Mangrulkar Ramchandra S. , Atique Mohammad
Published: April 2017

The main applications of delay tolerant network lie in space research, military, tactical and other security sensitive operations. In these and other applications, secure and energy efficient routing is an important issue in homogeneous and heterogeneous network. This chapter contributes a research work that demonstrates the design, simulation, testing and evaluation of secure, energy efficient and environment independent routing protocol for delay tolerant network. The proposed protocol not only proposed secure approach but also energy efficient approach in homogeneous and heterogeneous environment. The proposed approach utilize sectorization technique to achieve its goals of security, energy efficiency and environment independence. Described in this chapter is a detailed architecture, design, simulation, testing and evaluation of the proposed protocol. Having evaluated these protocols in various simulators, it is concluded that the proposed routing protocol utilized minimum energy and bandwidth and also provided secure transmission.
A logistic-Map-Based PN Sequence for Stochastic Wireless Channels
Authors: Swami Deb Sunder , Sarma Kandarpa Kumar
Published: April 2017

The work in this chapter mainly focusses on a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence generator which is constructed exploiting the features of one-dimensional chaotic systems such as a logistic map. The use of logistic map to generate strong cryptographic sequences is novel in approach in terms of its use with a range of transmission techniques for wireless communication because it is easy to conceive and requires simple devices to generate the sequence. The generated sequence is used as a spreading sequence in a DS-SS modulation multipath environment with AWGN and Rayleigh fading channel, under various channel fading conditions. The BER curves and channel impulse responses are obtained and compared with the existing linear feedback shift register (LFSR) based PN sequence and Kasami sequence. Results from this comparative analysis indicate that the proposed method generally yields a greater number of reliable, unpredictable and random bits than existing techniques under the same conditions and can be practically implemented for DS-SS scheme as a spreading sequence.
Wireless Sensor Networks Localization
Authors: Abo-Elhassab Ahmed Elsayed , El-Kader Sherine Mohamed Abd , Elramly Salwa
Published: April 2017

Localization is a fundamental problem in wireless sensor networks. Localization means the determination of geographical locations of sensor nodes, consequently detecting the event location and to initiate a prompt action whenever necessary. The localization process passes with three phases distance and/or angle estimation phase, position phase and algorithm phase. There are many techniques can be used in each phase, some of these techniques may add additional devices, cost, power consumption, or delay to the network. This chapter includes a classification and overview of the most popular localization techniques in each phase, also high lighting the problems of these techniques and their solutions in such a way that helps in understanding localization concepts especially with respect to WSN localization.
Availability of Infrastructure Facilities in India
Authors: Chattopadhyay Soumyadip , Pal Sampriti
Published: April 2017

It has been a well-accepted fact that there exists a strong relationship between infrastructure and economic growth. Like many other developing countries, lot of emphasis has been placed on the importance of investments in infrastructure for fostering economic growth in India. A state-wise analysis of five support infrastructure in India shows improvement in infrastructural facilities in 2014 as compared to 2007. Rural–urban gap is converging for most of the states, showing that the rural areas are catching up with their urban counterparts. However, the availability of infrastructure can be termed anything but inadequate. The infrastructural deficits can be met possibly through better management of publicly funded projects and greater role of private players. Given the resource crunch at government level, private financing of investment is simply a matter of necessity rather than a matter of choice. Therefore, this chapter argues for creation of an enabling environment and to facilitate the infusion of adequate private fund while keeping the interest of vulnerable sections in mind.
Infrastructure and Tourism Development
Authors: Das Sourav Kumar , Chatterjee Tonmoy
Published: April 2017

Infrastructure is not the engine but the wheels of economic development. Since the onset of economic crisis, followed by economic reforms, the importance of infrastructure development has been emphasised through policy, pronouncements, higher budgetary allocation of funds, formation of Infrastructure development, etc. It opens out a region by providing an access to its tourist places. In its absence, the resource potential for tourism can't be of any benefit. In addition to the common infrastructure tourism development requires special infrastructures, which is growing importance to India and foreign tourists in recent years. This chapter tries to investigate the significance of infrastructure as a factor in tourism development by applying panel data estimation techniques upon 27 Indian States for the period 2005-2015 and finds that the infrastructure has been contributing positively to tourist arrivals, particularly from India and abroad. Apart from this we have also shown that tourist arrivals from host along with infrastructure expenditure will affect Indian tourism in a positive manner.
Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: April 2017

This chapter indicates the overview of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI); FDI entries and export; FDI and spillover effects; FDI, human capital, and absorptive capacity; and the significance of FDI in the global economy. FDI is an investment in a business by an investor from another country for which the foreign investor has control over the company purchased. FDI offers a source of external capital and increased revenue. FDI can be a tremendous source of external capital for the developing countries, which can lead to economic development. Through FDI, capital goes to whatever businesses have the economic growth anywhere in the world. FDI helps in increasing the output through the utilization of advanced technology and management techniques. FDI benefits investors, businesses, and the global economy. FDI contributes to foreign exchange earnings, employment creation, and the increases in incomes in the global economy.
Investigating the Economic Vulnerability Factors of Emerging Markets After the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 With a Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach
Authors: Dincer Hasan , Hacioglu Umit
Published: April 2017

The latest global financial crisis and its effects on emerging economies engaged researchers' attention to the relationship between economic vulnerability factors and financial crisis. Especially, infrastructure and growth-based factors directly impact on the economic vulnerability of emerging economies. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the economic vulnerability factors indicating the infrastructure and growth of emerging markets after the global financial crisis of 2008 with a hybrid multi criteria decision making approach. To clarify the relationship between the subjective causality structures of the real world problems DEMATEL and PROMETHEE techniques have been employed in the hybrid model. The results illustrate that (1) Nigeria has the highest degree of the economic vulnerability in each year after the global financial crisis, and (2) Mexico for 2009, Turkey for 2012, and Korea for 2015 have the lowest degree of exogenous economic and environmental shocks among the selected emerging markets.
Business Support as Ongoing Policy Helping Permanency Companies in the State of Colima in Mexico
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. , Sánchez José Octavio Estrada
Published: April 2017

The objective of this chapter is to propose the implementation of a plan of continuous support from the government of the State of Colima in Mexico to start-ups and micro-enterprises classified as belonging to the trade and services sector, policy public, to increase the economic units that manage to stay beyond three years and thereby derive social benefits such as employment generation, greater wealth and improving the quality of life of the population of the state. This proposal is given based on the sequential design procedure policies. The method used is the analysis of the national situation. It can be concluded from the analysis on the proposal for a design process of public policy based on the matrix of policy alternatives under the assumption that continuity and permanence of the companies will be positively impacted in the current rates of survival if companies born have the support of the government.
A Survey of Parallel Community Detection Algorithms
Authors: Sobin C. C.  , Raychoudhury Vaskar , Saha Snehanshu
Published: April 2017

The amount of data generated by online social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, etc., has recently experienced an enormous growth. Extracting useful information such as community structure, from such large networks is very important in many applications. Community is a collection of nodes, having dense internal connections and sparse external connections. Community detection algorithms aim to group nodes into different communities by extracting similarities and social relations between nodes. Although, many community detection algorithms in literature, they are not scalable enough to handle large volumes of data generated by many of the today's big data applications. So, researchers are focusing on developing parallel community detection algorithms, which can handle networks consisting of millions of edges and vertices. In this article, we present a comprehensive survey of parallel community detection algorithms, which is the first ever survey in this domain, although, multiple papers exist in literature related to sequential community detection algorithms.
Application of Corona Product of Graphs in Computing Topological Indices of Some Special Chemical Graphs
Authors: De Nilanjan
Published: April 2017

Graph operations play a very important role in mathematical chemistry, since some chemically interesting graphs can be obtained from some simpler graphs by different graph operations. In this chapter, some eccentricity based topological indices such as the total eccentricity index, eccentric connectivity index, modified eccentric connectivity index and connective eccentricity index and their respective polynomial versions of corona product of two graphs have been studied and also these indices of some important classes of chemically interesting molecular graphs are determined by specializing the components of corona product of graphs.
Graph-Based Semi-Supervised Learning With Big Data
Authors: Banerjee Prithish , Culp Mark Vere , Ryan Kenneth Jospeh , Michailidis George
Published: April 2017

This chapter presents some popular graph-based semi-supervised approaches. These techniques apply to classification and regression problems and can be extended to big data problems using recently developed anchor graph enhancements. The background necessary for understanding this Chapter includes linear algebra and optimization. No prior knowledge in methods of machine learning is necessary. An empirical demonstration of the techniques for these methods is also provided on real data set benchmarks.
Patient Data De-Identification
Authors: Yadav Shweta , Ekbal Asif , Saha Sriparna , Pathak Parth S , Bhattacharyya Pushpak
Published: April 2017

With the rapid increment in the clinical text, de-identification of patient Protected Health Information (PHI) has drawn significant attention in recent past. This aims for automatic identification and removal of the patient Protected Health Information from medical records. This paper proposes a supervised machine learning technique for solving the problem of patient data de- identification. In the current paper, we provide an insight into the de-identification task, its major challenges, techniques to address challenges, detailed analysis of the results and direction of future improvement. We extract several features by studying the properties of the datasets and the domain. We build our model based on the 2014 i2b2 (Informatics for Integrating Biology to the Bedside) de-identification challenge. Experiments show that the proposed system is highly accurate in de-identification of the medical records. The system achieves the final recall, precision and F-score of 95.69%, 99.31%, and 97.46%, respectively.
Support Vector Machines and Applications
Authors: Ladwani Vandana M.
Published: April 2017

Support Vector Machines is one of the powerful Machine learning algorithms used for numerous applications. Support Vector Machines generate decision boundary between two classes which is characterized by special subset of the training data called as Support Vectors. The advantage of support vector machine over perceptron is that it generates a unique decision boundary with maximum margin. Kernalized version makes it very faster to learn as the data transformation is implicit. Object recognition using multiclass SVM is discussed in the chapter. The experiment uses histogram of visual words and multiclass SVM for image classification.
Design of Assistive Speller Machine Based on Brain Computer Interfacing
Authors: Basak Suryoday
Published: April 2017

Machine Learning (ML) has assumed a central role in data assimilation and data analysis in the last decade. Many methods exist that cater to the different kinds of data centric applications in terms of complexity and domain. Machine Learning methods have been derived from classical Artificial Intelligence (AI) models but are a lot more reliant on statistical methods. However, ML is a lot broader than inferential statistics. Recent advances in computational neuroscience has identified Electroencephalography (EEG) based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) as one of the key agents for a variety of medical and nonmedical applications. However, efficiency in analysing EEG signals is tremendously difficult to achieve because of three reasons: size of data, extent of computation and poor spatial resolution. The book chapter discusses the Machine Learning based methods employed by the author to classify EEG signals for potentials observed based on varying levels of a subject's attention, measured using a NeuroSky Mindwave Mobile. It reports challenges faced in developing BCIs based on available hardware, signal processing methods and classification methods.
Thomas Aquinas’ influences inInfanteD. Pedro’ “Virtuosa Benfeitoria”: Scholastic tradition in History and History of Education
Authors: Oliveira Terezinha
Published: April 2017

The considerations on the book “VirtuosaBenfeitoria” aim atevaluating the relevance of a social project to guide the actions of the ruler and theindividuals, with a view to practical actions that converge to the common good. The infant D. Pedro, also known as the Duke of Coimbra, wrote the work. The central focus of the book is to address the sense of improvement and how the prince should practice and bestow it and how the subjects would receive and practice it. The arguments of D. Pedro to deal with the good and the society are strongly influenced by classical authorities and authors of scholasticism, especially Thomas Aquinas. In this sense, on the one hand our study seeks to show that such knowledge was essential for him to understand the plots that build human relationships, whose premises, to him, should be the ones leading society towards the common good;on the other hand, the goal is to analyze the work we regard as essential theoretical and methodological principles of history that allow us to recover, through memory, historical events that potentially guide us through paths that show the relevance of the Master of the University, as a vector in the organization of a given society.
Editorial
Authors: Oliveira Terezinha , Galuch Maria Terezinha Bellanda
Published: April 2017

Acta Scientiarum Education, volume 39, n. 1, 2017
Orientações legais para o ensino religioso em três estados brasileiros: convergências e divergências demarcadas em normativas
Authors: Lima Aline Pereira , Menin Maria Suzana De Stefano
Published: April 2017

O artigo oferece um panorama do que tem sido, do ponto de vista normativo, o Ensino Religioso em três estados brasileiros que regulamentaram sua oferta de maneira distinta. Numa perspectiva qualitativa de pesquisa, promove-se uma análise cuja atenção voltou-se à estrutura e às regras formais da disciplina e a observou a partir das conexões e orientações formais-legais. De modo a considerar as elaborações apresentadas, evidencia-se que, embora haja um aparente distanciamento de modelos de ensino, suas justificativas se assemelham, fazendo com que, independentemente do modelo adotado, o ER seja um espaço em que o objetivo maior seja o que se considera, genericamente, como a formação integral do sujeito. Vista dessa forma, postula-se que a disciplina pode acabar tensionando os limites da laicidade e desfavorecer indivíduos que não professam nenhuma religião. .
Editorial
Authors: Oliveira Terezinha , Galuch Maria Terezinha Bellanda
Published: April 2017

Acta Scientiarum Education, volume 39, n. 2, 2017
A comparison of attitudes towards stuttering of non-stuttering preschoolers in the United States and Turkey
Authors: Weidner Mary E. , St. Louis Kenneth O. , Nakisci Egemen , Ozdemir Ramazan S.
Published: April 2017

Background and objectives: Extensive research documents ubiquitous negative attitudes towards stuttering, but when and how they develop is unclear. This non-experimental, comparative study examined US and Turkish preschoolers to explore the origin of stuttering attitudes cross-culturally.Method: The authors compared stuttering attitudes of 28 US and 31 Turkish non-stuttering preschoolers on English and Turkish versions of experimental prototypes of the newly developed Public Opinion Survey on Human Attributes–Stuttering/Child (POSHA–S/Child). Children first watched a short video of two stuttering avatar characters and then answered oral questions about stuttering. Parents completed a demographic questionnaire. Differences in the US and Turkish POSHA–S/Child means were calculated using the Mann–Whitney U test.Results: Attitudes of the US and Turkish children were remarkably similar. Children rated most of the items negatively but also rated some items as neutral or positive. They held relatively more negative attitudes towards traits and personalities of children who stutter yet relatively more positive attitudes towards stuttering children’s potential.Conclusion: Stuttering attitudes in children appear to be partly independent of culture.
Rare case of solitary plasmacytoma of the skull in a young male patient
Authors: Singh Swati , Upadhyaya Vaishali , Agarwal Rajat , Gujral Ratni B.
Published: April 2017

Solitary plasmacytoma of bone without signs of multiple myeloma is a rare entity. It usually presents as an osteolytic lesion in the axial skeleton of an elderly patient. Here, we report a case of solitary plasmacytoma in the skull of a young male patient which emphasises the need to consider it in the differential diagnosis of a destructive calvarial mass lesion even in this age group.
Disposable Hydraulic Filter Element--190 L/min Flow, 21 MPa Collapse Pressure, Filtration Ratio = 75 at 7 µm
Authors:   Ship Fluid Systems Committee
Published: April 2017

This specification sheet establishes requirements for a high collapse pressure configuration filter element of a specific configuration with a minimum filtration ratio of 75 for particles larger than 7 µm when designed and tested in accordance with SAE J2321 and this specification sheet.
Ship Systems and Equipment-Hydraulic Systems-Filter Selection Parameters
Authors:   Ship Fluid Systems Committee
Published: April 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice identifies and examines the
various parameters which must be considered in selecting hydraulic
systems filters, their locations within the system and the dirt
capacity of the filter elements.

This document is generally applicable to all ship hydraulic
systems but does not apply to personal or recreational
watercraft.
ITIS Phrase Lists (International Traveler Information Systems)
Authors:   V2X Core Technical Committee
Published: April 2017

This standard provides a table of textual messages meeting the requirements for expressing "International Traveler Information Systems" (ITIS) phrases commonly used in the ITS industry. The tables provided herein follow the rules of SAE J2540 and therefore allow a local representation in various different languages, media expressions etc… to allow true international use of these phrases. The phrases are predominantly intended for use in the description of traffic related events of interest to travelers and other traffic practitioners. Other phrases exit for other specific specialty areas of ITS, and all such phrases follow a set of encoding and decoding rules outlined in SAE J2540 to ensure that the use of these phrases in messages remain interoperable between disparate types of user equipment.

Implementers are cautioned to obtain the most recent set of tables by means of the ITS data registry, a process which involves the SAE and other standards setting organizations and which is intended to maintain and enhance the level of harmonization among ITS standards set by each of the organizations.

This standard SHALL define the normative index values to be used to provide phrases needed by ITS practitioners. This standard provides non-normative textual phrases which MAY be used by implementers to ensure intelligible results. This standard SHALL follow the formats and rules established in SAE J2540 in the expressions, manipulations, and use of such tables.

It should be pointed out that within the rules established by this standard a variety of final tables are all considered "compliant" with the standard, and may vary as fits the needs of implementers.
The Bethel Colony: Intersections of Culture and Built Form in a Bible Communist Utopia
Authors: White Janet R.
Published: April 2017

This article assumes that there is a relationship between the sociocultural structures of a culture and the built form it creates and examines some intersections between the two at the Bethel Colony, a nineteenth-century Bible Communist utopian settlement. First, Bethel's history is traced. Next, five elements of its culture are examined: religious beliefs, ethnic origins, political structure, attitude toward the nuclear family, and economic organization. In the third section, the history of Bethel's built form is reconstructed. Finally, the impact of the cultural elements on the architecture and site planning of Bethel are explored. While ethnic origin and political structure can be shown to have affected the built form, this article argues that it is economic organization that had the most profound impact. Bethel's unique economic combination of the communal and the individual, expressed in ways such as the communalization of traditionally male work while traditionally female work remained individualized, is reflected in its built form at all levels from architectural detail to site planning.
Editorial
Authors: Silva Caroline Cordeiro Viana
Published: April 2017

não há
A política externa (sub)nacional: um estudo da paradiplomacia do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e de sua relação com o governo federal
Authors: Gonçalves Fernanda Cristina Nanci Izidro , Oliveira Patrícia Cabral de
Published: April 2017

Este artigo objetiva analisar a paradiplomacia, em especial do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, e identificar como o governo federal, por meio do Itamaraty, vem lidando com esse fenômeno que traz implicações para a política externa brasileira. Conclui-se que, embora a paradiplomacia implique desafios para a coordenação da política exterior, a chancelaria tem se articulado com as unidades subnacionais, percebendo o potencial de ampliar a representação dos interesses nacionais
Os Grupos de Apoio como canal de compartilhamento da informação e do conhecimento
Authors: Aguiar Filho Armando Sergio de , Nassif Monica Erichsen
Published: April 2017

Introdução: O papel do compartilhamento da informação e do conhecimento que tende a provocar uma nova leitura dos canais de distribuição, possibilitando o amadurecimento do conceito de compartilhamento e sua relação com o processo de gestão da informação. Dessa interação surge variada gama de alternativas paras as organizações se relacionarem internamente com seus colaboradores e, externamente, com o seu público.Objetivo: O objetivo é fazer um levantamento e apresentação dos estudos relativos aos canais de compartilhamento da informação e do conhecimento, procurando identificar seus correlatos na área da administração.Metodologia: O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Para tanto buscou-se num primeiro momento alinhar os conceitos e terminologias da área da ciência da informação e num segundo momento identificar uma abordagem diferenciada sobre o compartilhamento que contribuísse para validar a característica interdisciplinar da área informacional e a contribuição que outras áreas podem fazer para os estudos da gestão da informação e do conhecimento.Resultados: A análise da pesquisa indicou considerações relevantes quanto ao entendimento das diversas abordagens utilizadas no que tange aos canais de compartilhamento, assim como as características comuns e diferenciadas destes meios e os impactos em suas dinâmicas.Conclusões: O terminologia Grupo de Apoio é uma das diversas abordagens utilizadas no compartilhamento da informação e do conhecimento, e, tal qual as outras abordagens apresentadas permitem avaliar e promover serviços de informação mais adequados para atender as demandas específicas.
Teacher Position in Spurring Value Based Education in Early Learning in Nairobi County, Kenya: Addressing Support of Values in School Environment
Authors: Amollo Odundo P. , Lilian Ganira K.
Published: April 2017

Value Based Education (VBE) is an essential element that impacts moral, ethical, cultural, social and spiritual ideals necessary for holistic development of children. Providing an education on values at an early age ensures that children are directed by these ideologies throughout life. Research indicates that children who adopt values at an early age are confident, competent, independent, and exhibit harmonious social interactions throughout life time. Conversely, increase in juvenile delinquency, disrespect, drug abuse, school dropout, and conflicts in schools creates crisis in contemporary society. In such circumstances, VBE assumes a distinctive role to school deterioration process by strengthening morals and ethics within the society. The study explored influence of preschool teachers in spurring VBE among preschool children in Nairobi County focusing on; self control honesty, fairness, compassion and trust. A survey design was adopted with a target population of 36 public preschools. Purposeful sampling technique was then used to obtain data from 36 preschool teachers though use of a questionnaire. The study established that though teachers inculcate values to children both consciously and unconsciously, there is no planned value education program established on formal learning. The study recommends; regular training of teachers on use of VBE to deliberately foster intercultural understanding, social cohesion and inclusion, as well as need for value oriented programmes focusing on effective pedagogy.
Winstgevende commerciële activiteiten door kerkelijke en levensbeschouwelijke organisaties bedreiging voor ANBI-status?
Authors: Steenvoorde Richard
Published: April 2017

Are profitable commercial activities by churches and religious organizations a threat for maintaining their tax-exempt status (ANBI) under Dutch law?

In August 2016 the Dutch Supreme Court (Hoge Raad) ruled that Scientology could not be recognised as a civil society organisation that can benefit from tax exemptions for donations (the so called: ANBI-status). The majority of the activities of Scientology consist of courses of auditing and training at high rates with the purpose of creating large financial buffers for Scientology. The Supreme Court agrees with the Court of Appeal, which adopted a comparative method using commercial rates, that these specific activities do not serve the general interest, but serve the individual interest of Scientology.
Preservice Teachers' Reasoning About Relationships That Are and Are Not Proportional: A Knowledge-in-Pieces Account
Authors: Izsák Andrew , Jacobson Erik
Published: April 2017

Past studies have documented students' and teachers' persistent difficulties in determining whether 2 quantities covary in a direct proportion, especially when presented missing-value word problems. In the current study, we combine a mathematical analysis with a psychological perspective to offer a new explanation for such difficulties. The mathematical analysis highlights numbers of equal-sized groups and places reasoning about proportional relationships in the context of reasoning about multiplicative relationships more generally. The psychological perspective is rooted in diSessa's (diSessa, 1993, 2006; diSessa, Sherin, & Levin, 2016) knowledge-in-pieces epistemology and highlights diverse, fine-grained knowledge resources that can support inferring and reasoning with equal-sized groups. We illustrate how the combination of mathematical analysis and psychological perspective may be applied to data using empirical examples drawn from interviews during which preservice middlegrades teachers reasoned with varying degrees of success about relationships presented in word problems that were and were not proportional.
Herbicidas pré-emergentes para manejo de milho voluntário RR® na cultura da soja
Authors: Scherer Matheus Bohrer , Spatt Leandro Lima , Pedrollo Nilton Teixeira , Almeida Thiago Castro de , Sanchotene Danie Martini , Dornelles Sylvio Henrique Bidel
Published: April 2017

Alternativas para o manejo de milho voluntário RR® carecem de maior conhecimento no âmbito de produtos com efeito residual, principalmente para aplicação em pré-emergência da cultura da soja RR®. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o efeito de herbicidas com efeito residual para o controle de milho voluntário RR®, quando aplicados na cultura da soja pelo método “plante-aplique”. O experimento foi realizado no município de Santa Maria/RS, safra 2015/16, avaliando herbicidas, aplicados em pré-emergência da soja e do milho RR®. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os herbicidas testados foram: flumioxazin, chlorimuron-ethyl, imazaquin e sulfentrazone; como associações desses herbicidas com o flumioxazin, relatando se houve efeitos sinérgicos. O melhor controle do milho voluntário RR® foi obtido com o herbicida imazaquin que restringiu em 90% a emergência das plantas de milho RR® e injuriou 97,5% das que emergiram. Entretanto o imazaquin causou sintomas de fitotoxicidade na cultura da soja. A associação em aplicações de imazaquin e flumioxazin, mostrou efeito aditivo de controle sobre o milho.
Risk Factors for Residual Tumors in Surgery Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Sato Hiroshi , Kaburaki Takuji , Niihara Masahiro , Tsubosa Yasuhiro , Miyawaki Yuataka , Sakuramoto Shinichi , Yamaguchi Shigeki , Koyama Isamu
Published: April 2017

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by esophagectomy is considered the standard treatment for resectable advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Japan. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for residual tumors in surgery following NAC. We herein described risk factors for residual tumors in surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for thoracic esophageal cancer. We reviewed the medical records of patients in our institution selected by using the following criteria: (1) pathologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma before treatment; (2) cT1 to cT3; and (3) receipt of thoracotomy performed between 2007 and 2010 with the intention of curative resection after NAC composed of 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin. The patients were divided into the complete resection group (R0 group), and the macroscopic or microscopic residual tumor group [R(+) group]. A total of 88 patients were eligible (R0, 70 patients; R1, 9 patients; R2, 7 patients; and not resected, 2 patients). There were more cT3 cancers and clinical node-positive diseases in the R(+) group than in the R0 group. Multivariate analysis identified tumor depth (cT3) and tumor location (above the carina) as risk factors for residual tumor. Patients with cT3 esophageal cancer above the carina have a high risk of residual tumor in esophagectomy following NAC. In these patients, more intensive preoperative therapy will be required.
The leading role of atomic oxygen in the collocation of elves and hydroxyl nightglow in the low‐latitude mesosphere
Authors: Wu Y. J. , Williams E. , Chang S. C. , Chou J. K. , Hsu R. R. , Friedrich M. , Kuo C. L. , Chen A. B. , Peng K. M. , Su H. T. , Frey H. U. , Mende S. B. , Takahashi Y. , Lee L. C.
Published: April 2017

The elve is the dominant type of transient luminous event (TLE) at the base of the E region ionosphere. The hydroxyl nightglow (OH* nightglow hereafter) has been reported at a similar altitude. Statistical studies show that the mean heights of elve and OH* nightglow are 87 km and 87.5 km, respectively, and that 91% of the 291 limb elves are located within ±5 km of the altitude of the brightest OH* nightglow emission and both elves and OH* nightglow show the semiannual oscillation (SAO) at low latitude. The physical reasons for the collocation of elves and OH* nightglow are the main focus of attention. A model for elve emission with the environmental‐adapted electron density profile is tested with three density profiles of atomic oxygen (O): the original profile from the NRLMSISE‐00 model and two other profiles which are shifted 5 km upward/downward from the original. For higher altitudes of the given O density profile, the peak altitudes of the elve emission layers are also increased. This result reveals the leading role of atomic oxygen in the collocation. Furthermore, the altitude variation of elves is compared with the VLF reflection height observed by DEMETER. The latter height not only shows the SAO similarity to the elve/OH* heights but also exhibits a difference between land and ocean. The possible relationship between VLF reflection height and elve/OH* height is also discussed.
Frictional strength of wet and dry montmorillonite
Authors: Morrow C. A. , Moore D. E. , Lockner D. A.
Published: April 2017

Montmorillonite is a common mineral in fault zones, and its low strength relative to other common gouge minerals is important in many models of fault rheology. However, the coefficient of friction, μ, varies with degree of saturation and is not well constrained in the literature due to the difficulty of establishing fully drained or fully dried states in the laboratory. We measured μ of both saturated and oven‐dried montmorillonite at normal stresses up to 700 MPa. Care was taken to shear saturated samples slowly enough to avoid pore fluid overpressure. For saturated samples, μ increased from 0.10 to 0.28 with applied effective normal stress, while for dry samples μ decreased from 0.78 to 0.45. The steady state rate dependence of friction, (a − b), was positive, promoting stable sliding. The wide disparity in reported frictional strengths can be attributed to experimental procedures that promote differing degrees of partial saturation or overpressured pore fluid conditions.
Statistics of electric fields' amplitudes in Langmuir turbulence: A numerical simulation study
Authors: Voshchepynets A. , Volokitin A. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Krafft C.
Published: April 2017

A systematic study of the properties of Langmuir turbulence generated by electron beams via bump‐on‐tail instabilities in strongly nonhomogeneous plasmas is presented. A statistical analysis of the Langmuir waves' amplitudes using numerical simulations based on two theoretical models is performed: a dynamical one and a probabilistic one. The former describes the self‐consistent dynamics of wave‐particle and wave‐wave interactions. The latter is a modified version of the quasi‐linear theory. To analyze the simulation data provided by the probabilistic model, a Pearson technique is used to classify the calculated probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the logarithm of the waves' amplitudes. It is demonstrated that the core parts of the PDFs belong to the Pearson types I, IV, and VI distributions, while the high‐amplitude parts of the PDFs follow power law or exponential decay. Analysis of the PDFs calculated using the numerical simulations based on the dynamical model leads to the following additional results. In the small‐amplitude parts of the PDFs, a universal scaling parameter is found, with a value not depending on the average levels of the density fluctuations and of the Langmuir turbulence. Second, the PDFs are obtained in the presence of wave decay processes. When those are weak, the PDFs show at large fields' amplitudes an exponential asymptotic behavior; during time evolution, the corresponding scaling parameter decreases until a universal probability distribution is reached, indicating that the wave decay processes are sufficiently strong. Such exponential type of distribution is a specific signature of transition states in the Langmuir turbulence.
On the role of fluids in stick‐slip dynamics of saturated granular fault gouge using a coupled computational fluid dynamics‐discrete element approach
Authors: Dorostkar Omid , Guyer Robert A. , Johnson Paul A. , Marone Chris , Carmeliet Jan
Published: April 2017

The presence of fault gouge has considerable influence on slip properties of tectonic faults and the physics of earthquake rupture. The presence of fluids within faults also plays a significant role in faulting and earthquake processes. In this paper, we present 3‐D discrete element simulations of dry and fluid‐saturated granular fault gouge and analyze the effect of fluids on stick‐slip behavior. Fluid flow is modeled using computational fluid dynamics based on the Navier‐Stokes equations for an incompressible fluid and modified to take into account the presence of particles. Analysis of a long time train of slip events shows that the (1) drop in shear stress, (2) compaction of granular layer, and (3) the kinetic energy release during slip all increase in magnitude in the presence of an incompressible fluid, compared to dry conditions. We also observe that on average, the recurrence interval between slip events is longer for fluid‐saturated granular fault gouge compared to the dry case. This observation is consistent with the occurrence of larger events in the presence of fluid. It is found that the increase in kinetic energy during slip events for saturated conditions can be attributed to the increased fluid flow during slip. Our observations emphasize the important role that fluid flow and fluid‐particle interactions play in tectonic fault zones and show in particular how discrete element method (DEM) models can help understand the hydromechanical processes that dictate fault slip.
MicroRNAs as biomarkers for psychiatric disorders with a focus on autism spectrum disorder: Current progress in genetic association studies, expression profiling, and translational research
Authors: Hu Yubin , Ehli Erik A. , Boomsma Dorret I.
Published: April 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNA molecules, 18–25 nucleotides in length, which can negatively regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level by binding to messenger RNAs. About half of all identified miRNAs in humans are expressed in the brain and display regulatory functions important for many biological processes related to the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Disruptions in miRNA biogenesis and miRNA‐target interaction have been related to CNS diseases, including psychiatric disorders. In this review, we focus on the role of miRNAs in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and summarize recent findings about ASD‐associated genetic variants in miRNA genes, in miRNA biogenesis genes, and miRNA targets. We discuss deregulation of miRNA expression in ASD and functional validation of ASD‐related miRNAs in animal models. Including miRNAs in studies of ASD will contribute to our understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis and facilitate the discrimination between different disease subgroups. Autism Res 2017. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1184–1203. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Context‐dependent function of ROS in the vascular endothelium: The role of the Notch pathway and shear stress
Authors: Vieceli Dalla Sega Francesco , Aquila Giorgio , Fortini Francesca , Vaccarezza Mauro , Secchiero Paola , Rizzo Paola , Campo Gianluca
Published: April 2017

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signal molecules in several biological processes whereas excessive, unregulated, ROS production contributes to the development of pathological conditions including endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. The maintenance of a healthy endothelium depends on many factors and on their reciprocal interactions; in this framework, the Notch pathway and shear stress (SS) play two lead roles. Recently, evidence of a crosstalk between ROS, Notch, and SS, is emerging. The aim of this review is to describe the way ROS interact with the Notch pathway and SS protecting from—or promoting—the development of endothelial dysfunction. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(4):475–485, 2017