bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exact analytical calculation of the wavefront structure function for the case of Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence
Authors: ЯГНЯТИНСКИЙ Д.А. , ФЕДОСЕЕВ В.Н. , ШЕПЕЛЕВ А.В.
Published: June 2024

В связи важностью структурной функции для расчета (или описания) распространения оптического излучения в турбулентной атмосфере, была поставлена задача определения этой функции по известным модовым коэффициентам разложения волнового фронта. Получены новые формулы для точного аналитического расчета структурной функции фронта на круглой апертуре. В отличие от описанного в литературе аналитического метода предлагаемый способ корректно учитывает всю область определения, включая приграничные зоны апертуры. Проведено сравнение результатов предлагаемого аналитического расчета с существующим методом, а также с численным расчетом при выбранной дискретизации на примерах полиномов Цернике, функций Карунена–Лоэва, соответствующих колмогоровской модели турбулентности, и колмогоровских волновых фронтов. Приводятся величины уклонения структурных функций, рассчитанных по существующему аналитическому методу и численно, от результатов, полученных новым способом. Указаны и объяснены универсальность и другие преимущества предложенного нами аналитического расчета структурной функции. Результат позволит точно определять структурную функцию волнового фронта по модовым коэффициентам в задачах распространения оптического излучения в случайно-неоднородных средах.

Due to the importance of using the structure function for problems of optical radiation propagation in a turbulent atmosphere, the task of determining this function from the known mode coefficients of wavefront expansion was set. New formulas have been derived for the exact analytical calculation of the wavefront phase structure function on a circular aperture. Unlike the previously published analytical method, the proposed approach correctly accounts the entire domain, including the area near the edge of the aperture. The new method is compared to the published one and a numerical calculation with the distretization chosen sufficiently fine. The test samples comprised Kolmogorov wavefronts and Zernike polynomials and Karhunen–Loѐve functions corresponding to the Kolmogorov turbulence model. The deviations of the results of the published before method from the new one and from the numerical calculation are provided. The advantages and generality of the new method are stated and explained. The result will make it possible to accurately determine the structure function of the wavefront by its mode coefficients in problems of optical radiation propagation in randomly inhomogeneous media.
El Centro de Destrezas Quirúrgicas de la AAOT y la seguridad de los pacientes
Authors: Poitevin Luciano A.
Published: June 2024

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Hospitalized Adolescents’ Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Discussions
Authors: McFadden Vanessa , Porada Kelsey , Emlen Nicole , Pickett Michelle L. , Quinn Katherine
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES

Experts recommend that providers discuss adolescent patients’ sexual and reproductive health (SRH) at any health care encounter, including hospitalizations. The purpose of this qualitative study was to gain insight into hospitalized adolescents’ experiences and perspectives on SRH discussions (SHDs) to better inform patient-centered care.

METHODS

Private semistructured interviews were conducted with hospitalized adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. Interviews were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. Themes were developed through an iterative process with focus on the primary research aim.

RESULTS

Twenty participants were interviewed with a median age of 15.4 years. Adolescents expressed a range of preferences related to SHDs with providers. Themes included (1) experiences discussing SRH with providers, (2) SHDs during hospitalization, (3) communication preferences, and (4) perceptions of why providers initiate SHDs. Viewpoints about SHDs during hospitalizations varied, including that they addressed unmet needs, as well as that they seemed irrelevant to some participants. Aspects that facilitate SHDs include brevity with relevant depth, nonjudgmental provider demeanor, and reassurance of privacy. Some participants believed providers could judge the depth of discussion needed on the basis of the adolescent’s age or personality.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights variation in adolescents’ preferences around SHDs with health care providers. Providers should initiate SHDs with statements of purpose and confidentiality. Given the variation in adolescents’ perspectives, tools to privately collect self-reported behaviors before an SHD may help providers frame the conversation to the adolescent’s specific SRH needs and communication style preferences.
Személyes célok és társas világ – a jóllét és önszabályozás társas ökológiája
Authors: Martos Tamás , Sallay Viola
Published: June 2024

Háttér: A tanulmányban egy olyan elméleti keretet mutatunk be, mely a boldogság és a pozitív érzelmi állapotok mögött elsősorban a dinamikus önszabályozási folyamatok jelentőségét feltételezi. A jóllét egy jó személy-környezet illeszkedést biztosító mikrovilág, a „személyes niche” megalkotása révén érhető el. Ennek a tranzakcionális folyamatnak fontos alapegységei a személyes célok, melyek alapvetőek a személy ágenciájának megvalósításában: ezek segítségével egyszerre tudjuk önmagunk komplex belső állapotait szabályozni, és tudunk alkotó módon válaszolni környezetünk kihívásaira. Eredmények: Áttekintjük azokat az empirikus kutatásainkat, melyek összekapcsolják a személyes célok tapasztalatait a személyes niche aspektusaival. Az életcélok fontossága és a személyes célok belső integráltsága (énkonkordanciája) a jóllét fontos előfeltételének bizonyult. Ugyanakkor a párkapcsolatban élők számára a partnerrel közös célok és a közös célokban megélt közös megküzdés ugyanilyen fontos jellemzői lehetnek a kapcsolati integrációnak. Újabban pedig a személyes és társas integráció mellett már a környezeti tranzakciók szerepét is vizsgáljuk a célok elérésében és így a személyes niche alakításában. Következtetések: A „személyes niche” ígéretes fogalom a niche különböző aspektusaiban zajló komplex, tranzakcionális folyamatok leírására. Ezeket képviselik a személyes célok és a jóllét összefüggéseinek kutatásai. A jóllét társas-ökológiai beágyazottságának feltérképezése tehát segíthet jobban megérteni a pozitív emberi működést.
Unemployment hysteresis in Central and Eastern European countries during EU-membership
Authors: Kizilkaya Oktay , Mike Faruk , Kizilkaya Fatma
Published: June 2024

This study aims to analyse the time series properties of the unemployment rates in 10 Central and Eastern European countries after joining the European Union. Three types of unit root tests were conducted: (1) linear unit root tests, namely ADF, PP, LM, and RALS-LM tests; (2) LM and RALS-LM unit root tests with two structural breaks; and (3) LM and RALS-LM unit root tests with Fourier function. The results reveal that the hysteresis hypothesis is valid for Bulgaria, Czechia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania and Slovenia, whereas the structuralist hypothesis is valid for Estonia and Poland. However, the natural rate hypothesis holds only for Slovakia.
Solvent bar microextraction based on using deep eutectic solvent and multivariate optimization for simultaneous determination of antidepressant and antiepileptic drugs in biological fluids
Authors: AL-Hashimi Nabil N. , El-Sheikh Amjad H. , Alfawaz Alaa S. , Assaf Khaleel I. , Abed Alfattah Husam , Fahelelbom Khairi M.
Published: June 2024

Monitoring medications in biological fluids is an essential aspect of patient care, particularly in cases of altered mental status where accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and even forensic examinations are crucial. In this study, a new approach combining hydrophobic-deep-eutectic and solvent-bar-microextraction (HDE-SBME) followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was developed for the simultaneous determination of desipramine, clomipramine, as antidepressant and carbamazepine as antiepileptic agents in untreated human urine and plasma samples. The HDE solvents, synthesized using various ratios of menthol and fatty acids, were utilized in the SBME setups. Computational methods were employed to predict the structure and modes of interaction between HDE and the chosen analytes. Central composite design methodology (CCD) was used for multivariate optimization of the effects of different parameters influencing the extraction efficiency of the proposed method. Under optimized experimental conditions, the calibration graph of the spiked selected drugs in urine and plasma samples demonstrated excellent linearity (R2 ≥ 0.994), with limits of detection/quantification below 0.60/2.02 μg L−1. The extraction recoveries achieved were 88–97%, and the repeatability/reproducibility (RSD%, n = 5) was less than 6.12/7.57. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine selected drugs in patients' urine and plasma samples. The proposed method detects three drugs in patients' urine and plasma samples without using toxic volatile organic solvents. The proposed microextraction technique exhibited a confident sensitivity, feasible operation, and simplicity compared with other published methods. Thus, it can be considered a promising method for monitoring the therapeutic levels of specific antidepressant and antiepileptic drugs in urine and plasma samples.
Assessment of the quality of life of children after cardiac surgery: researches and conclusions
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine, Kosmynina N.S. , Avramenko I.Y. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

Studying the quality of life of patients, in particular children, is one of the important areas of modern medicine. Aim. To assess the quality of life of children who were operated on for congenital heart disease. Materials and methods. 100 children from the western regions of Ukraine aged 6 to 18 who were operated on for congenital heart disease and 100 of their parents were interviewed. A quantitative assessment of the quality of life of children was carried out using the international standardized Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQLTM 4.0 Generic Core Scales, France) survey for children with cardiovascular disorders and their parents. In total, 57% (57 people) of boys and 43% (43 people) of girls took part in the study. The share of surveyed mothers is 84% (84 people), and fathers - 16% (16 people). Statistical processing of materials was performed using the Statistica 6.0 software package. The reliability of the difference in indicators was assessed using the Student's t-test. The average value (X) and the error of the average (s) were calculated. The difference of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. According to the children's questionnaire, when studying the quality of life of children, the indicators of the physical functioning scale had an average value of 67.31±19.52 points; according to parental questionnaires, the average value of this scale was 62.81±20.58 points. According to information from the child questionnaire, the psychosocial functioning scale had an average value of 71.06±15.17 points and 64.89±17.89 points according to the parental questionnaire. It was found that 62% of children rated the overall quality of their health better than their parents; 26% of children assessed the quality of their health almost the same as their parents; and only 12% of children rated the quality of their health worse than their parents. Conclusions. The overall assessment of the quality of life according to the children's questionnaire was 69.18±17.34 points, while according to the parental questionnaire it was 63.85±19.23 points. In some aspects, parents rated the physical and psychosocial quality of life of their children after heart surgery more negatively than the children themselves, but there was no significant difference (P˃0.05). No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
[Fun]-Hypothesis and EPP-Effects in Chinese Language
Authors: Li Jianbo
Published: June 2024

This article is an explanatory study of the Extended Projection Principle (EPP) and so-called EPP-effects in the standard Chinese language. We put forward a hypothesis about the nature of the EPP – the [Fun]-hypothesis. According to it, EPP is a selectional feature being privative on functional heads cross-linguistically and is supposed to be checked via merging with content-rich elements. Such a perspective has certain advantages with regard to empirical coverage in accounting for EPP-effects in English. Moreover, it is observed that EPP-effects exist in Chinese within the vP-, TP-, and CP-domains which may provide evidence for the universality of EPP as a UG principle.
Domniemanie niewinności w ujęciu prawa krajowego i pozakrajowego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Sowiński Piotr K.
Published: June 2024

The principle of the presumption of innocence is one of the fundamental assumptions according to which Polish criminal procedure has been constructed. In the domestic reality, this presumption is declared both by constitutional and code regulations, however, the manner in which the presumption is guaranteed there is not the same, which affects the different scope of its application. The text depicts the common and differentiating elements of these regulations. In addition, the material and subjective scope of the principle of the presumption of innocence in terms of the Convention and certain legal acts of the European Union has been analysed.
Modelling alkali–silica reaction from micro-computed tomography images: role of particle size and water/cement ratio
Authors: Dyer Thomas
Published: June 2024

An experimental programme was conducted to observe, non-destructively, the influence of aggregate particle size and low water/cement (w/c) ratios on alkali–silica reaction (ASR) in concrete using micro-computed tomography scanning. The results were analysed using a model developed as part of a previous study. ASR expansion and cracking was observed to increase to strain levels of around 0.010 with a decrease in particle diameter up to a ‘pessimum’ diameter of 1–2 mm. Below the pessimum diameter, expansion was low: around 0.001 strain. Analysis using the previously developed model clearly illustrated a transition from above the pessimum diameter, where ASR was the main process occurring, to below this size, where a pozzolanic reaction dominated. ASR expansion increased with a decrease in the w/c ratio, reaching strains of around 0.015. The model indicated that this is fundamentally a result of extended periods of restraint of ASR gel around aggregates, ultimately ending in much greater expansion when fracture eventually occurred. Additionally, cracking of aggregate coincided with an accelerated rate of expansion in mixes with w/c ratios below 0.6.
Association between Acute Declines in eGFR during Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition and Risk of Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Ku Elaine , Tighiouart Hocine , McCulloch Charles E. , Inker Lesley A. , Adingwupu Ogechi M. , Greene Tom , Estacio Raymond O. , Woodward Mark , de Zeeuw Dick , Lewis Julia B. , Hannedouche Thierry , Hou Fan Fan , Jafar Tazeen H. , Imai Enyu , Remuzzi Giuseppe , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Toto Robert D. , Sarnak Mark J.
Published: June 2024

Key Points

Renin-angiotensin system inhibition was favorable for risk of kidney failure (compared with 0% decline with use of placebo or other agents) up to declines in eGFR of 13% over a 3-month period.

Relation between eGFR decline after renin-angiotensin system inhibitor initiation and risk of outcomes was stronger in the first 2 years of follow-up and waned over time.

Background

Declines in GFR occur commonly when renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors are started. Our objective was to determine the relation between declines in eGFR during trials of RAS inhibition and kidney outcomes.

Methods

We included participants with CKD (eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) from 17 trials of RAS inhibition. The exposure was subacute declines in eGFR expressed as % change between randomization and month 3, and in the subset of trials with data available, we also examined % change in eGFR between randomization and month 1. The primary outcome was kidney failure with replacement therapy. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between subacute declines in eGFR and risk of kidney failure. We used spline models to identify the threshold of change in eGFR below which RAS inhibition was favorable (conservatively comparing a given decline in eGFR with RAS inhibition to no decline in the comparator).

Results

A total of 11,800 individuals with mean eGFR 43 (SD 11) ml/min per 1.73 m2 and median urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 362 mg/g (interquartile range, 50–1367) were included, and 1162 (10%) developed kidney failure. The threshold of decline in eGFR that favored the use of RAS inhibitors for kidney failure was estimated to be up to 13% (95% confidence interval, 8% to 17%) over a 3-month interval and up to 21% (95% confidence interval, 15% to 27%) over a 1-month interval after starting RAS inhibitors.

Conclusions

In patients treated with RAS inhibitors, ≤13% decline in eGFR over a 3-month period or ≤21% decline over a 1-month period was associated with lower risk of kidney failure compared with no decline in those assigned to placebo or other agents.
Variable agentivity: Polysemy or underspecification
Authors: Hovav Malka , Levin Beth
Published: June 2024

Many English verbs typically used agentively allow non-agentive uses. Some recent approaches assume such verbs are unspecified for agentivity, although in principle, polysemy is also an option. We demonstrate the complexity of variable agentivity through an in-depth examination of the English verb sweep, which shows variable agentivity due to both underspecification and motivated polysemy. Drawing on corpus data, we identify two senses for sweep, each with unique argument realization options and interpretive properties. The prototypical uses of this verb, which involve the use of a broom, are obligatorily agentive; however, we claim they instantiate a specialized sense. We argue that the verb’s basic sense, which underlies all its other uses, is unspecified for agentivity, being found with agentive and non-agentive subjects. We formulate event structures for both senses that encode the grammatically relevant components of meaning common across all the verb’s uses: an entity moves along a surface while imparting a force via contact with it. We show that the event structure for the specialized sense, which fixes the moving entity to be a broom, is derived via established processes involving the lexicalization of instruments and routine goal-oriented activities. We demonstrate how the argument realization options and interpretive properties that the verb shows in each sense emerge from applying established principles of argument realization and semantic composition to these event structures.
PESO CORPORAL ASSOCIADO AO ESTILO DE VIDA DE USUÁRIOS DE ACADEMIA DURANTE O DISTANCIAMENTO SOCIAL
Authors: Dos Santos Caroline , Da Silva Schlickmann Diene , Molz Patrícia , Sehn Ana Paula , Moraes Eisenhardt Munithele , Franke Silvia Isabel Rech
Published: June 2024

Introdução: evidências sugerem que a falta da prática de exercícios físicos durante a pandemia da Covid-19 pode resultar em alterações no peso corporal. Objetivo: investigar a relação entre a mudança de peso corporal com as variáveis de estilo de vida, durante o distanciamento social causado pela Covid-19, em usuários de academia de ginástica. Método: participaram do estudo praticantes de academias do município de Santa Cruz do Sul/RS, Brasil. Incluiu-se no estudo, indivíduos com idades igual ou superior a 18 anos, de ambos os sexos e que se mantinham em distanciamento social controlado devido à Covid-19, no período de abril a julho de 2020. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário autorreferido e de acesso on-line, estruturado no Google Forms, sobre dados os sociodemográficos e de estilo de vida. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva por meio de frequência absoluta e relativa e Regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para avaliar a razão de prevalência (RP) e com intervalo de confiança para 95% (IC 95%) (p<0,05). Resultados: participaram do estudo 102 usuários de academias com prevalência do sexo feminino (71,6%) e com 34,78±13,11 anos. Observou-se que a alteração no peso corporal foi mais prevalente nos usuários que apresentaram estado de saúde ruim, que estavam excessivamente estressados e que não praticavam exercícios físicos. Conclusão: os preditores em relação à mudança no peso corporal dos usuários de academia, durante o distanciamento social, foram a autoavaliação de um estado de saúde ruim, estresse e a ausência da prática de exercício físico.
FATORES DE RISCO PARA DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES, ESTILO DE VIDA E CONDIÇÕES SOCIODEMOGRÁFICAS EM TRABALHADORES RURAIS: UMA COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE OS NÍVEIS DE ESTADO NUTRICIONAL
Authors: Rusch Maiara Helena , Nepomuceno Patrik , Schaefer Elias Augusto , Batista Daniela Cardoso , Reckziegel Miriam Beatrís , Pohl Hildegard Hedwig
Published: June 2024

O objetivo foi comparar o estilo de vida, fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) e condições sociodemográficas a partir da classificação do índice de massa corporal (IMC) trabalhadores rurais. Estudo transversal, analítico e descritivo. Os dados sociodemográficos e estilo de vida foram obtidos mediante questionário. Para a classificação do estado nutricional foi considerado o índice de massa corporal dos trabalhadores; como fatores de risco para DCV foram consideradas os níveis de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), glicemia, colesterol total e triglicerídeos, coletados e classificados segundo diretrizes. Para análise, os trabalhadores foram alocados em 3 grupos conforme o índice de massa corporal (IMC): normal, sobrepeso e obesidade. A amostra contou com 106 trabalhadores rurais, dos quais 27% possuíam peso normal, 46% sobrepeso e 27% obesidade. Foi observada diferença entre os grupos quanto ao sexo (p=0,011), ingesta de medicamentos (p=0,001) e níveis de PAS (p=0,004) e PAD (p=0,014). As demais variáveis analisadas não foram significativas (p>0,05). Em conclusão, condições sociodemográficas, estilo de vida e fatores de risco para DCV são influenciados pelos níveis do IMC nos trabalhadores, sendo observado mais mulheres com excesso de peso, maior ingesta de medicamentos e presença de hipertensão nos grupos com sobrepeso e obesidade.
CONSTRUIR AUTONOMIA E APRENDIZADO:
Authors: Dreissig Jodéli Fabiana , Lovatto Pires Cleidi , Pacheco da Rosa Carla Lavinia
Published: June 2024

O presente artigo origina-se a partir de uma experiência em inclusão escolar, ocorrida no ano de 2022 no Projeto Escola Inclusiva. O projeto aconteceu em um conjunto de escolas municipais de Ensino Fundamental de Santa Cruz do Sul, em parceria entre a Prefeitura Municipal - Secretaria Municipal de Educação e a Associação Pró-Ensino em Santa Cruz do Sul (APESC), mantenedora da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC). O objetivo central é oportunizar uma educação inclusiva mediante acompanhamento de estagiários, visando promover inclusão e ao mesmo tempo qualificação de futuros profissionais atuantes na área. Este trabalho acadêmico aborda um processo de inclusão escolar de um estudante do terceiro ano do ensino fundamental, com Transtorno do Espectro Autista, o qual foi acompanhado diariamente em sala de aula por uma estagiária. A experiência buscou proporcionar processos de autonomia, escuta e respeito à experiência singular do estudante, buscando contribuir e facilitar a sua trajetória no ensino comum.
Powers of the Registrar of the Health Professions Council to institute investigations under the Health Professions Act 56 of 1974
Authors: Kwinda MA , Labuschaigne M , Slabbert M
Published: June 2024

The Health Professions Council of South Africa (the HPCSA) is a statutory body established in terms of section 2 of the Health Professions Act 56 of 1974 (hereafter "the Act"). One of the objects of the HPCSA is "to ensure the investigation of complaints concerning persons registered in terms of the Act and to ensure that appropriate disciplinary action is taken against such persons in accordance with the Act" (s 3(n)). The powers to institute an inquiry into a complaint, charge or allegation of unprofessional conduct against registered practitioners are vested with the professional boards established in terms of section 15 of the Act (s 41(1) of the Act). The procedure to be followed by the professional board in instituting an inquiry is prescribed in the Regulations Relating to the Conduct of Inquiries into Alleged Unprofessional Conduct Under the Health Professions Act, 1974 (GNR102 in GG31859 of 6 February 2009, hereafter "the Regulations"). While the powers to institute an inquiry of alleged unprofessional conduct is primarily vested with the professional board concerned, the Act (s 41A) and the Regulations (in reg 2) also confer certain powers to the Registrar to institute investigations. The questions thus arising are, when and under which conditions may the Registrar institute investigations under section 41A of the Act, and how should the Registrar conduct such investigations? The purpose of this note is to address these questions, as well as to comment on the lack of understanding by the HPCSA and the courts about who can exercise the provisions of section 41A.
'Untold stories': The relationship of word and image in the work of Shaun Tan
Authors: Otto Melanie
Published: June 2024

Primarily known as a children's book author and illustrator, Shaun Tan has repeatedly resisted this label and rather positioned himself between the fields of literature and fine art, emphasising that his training and primary interest are in the latter. This essay approaches Tan's work via his idea of 'untold stories', articulated in the eponymous section of his book The bird king and other sketches (2011) and in the 2018 solo exhibition at Beinart Gallery in Melbourne, Untold tales. Untold essentially means unpremeditated in Tan's vocabulary and relates to his evocation of Paul Klee's idea of 'taking a line for a walk'. Using his idea of untold stories as my central point, the essay foregrounds the untold critical story of Tan as a fine artist, focusing in particular on works that have received minimal to no critical attention: his 2015 series of paintings Go, said the bird, his 2003 public mural The hundred year picnic, and his ongoing 9x5 inch series of observational works in the tradition of the Heidelberg School of Australian Impressionism. The latter is a particularly strong and formative influence on Tan's career as a painter, allowing for a discussion of his work in the broader context of postcolonial art history and settler colonialism.
Los colombianos
Authors:   Latin American Centre at St. Antony's College, Deas Malcolm
Published: June 2024

Hace muchos años leí de Norbert Elias su The History of Manners. No tengo un recuerdo muy claro del libro. Evoco vagamente que trataba de manera ingeniosa de temas como el debido comportamiento en la mesa de comer y de la invención del tenedor, y que era un texto muy original. Pero cuando recibí la invitación a participar en un simposio colombiano (en Oxford) sobre su obra, mi primera reacción fue poco entusiasta. No por falta de respeto a Elias, en estos temas sin duda un pionero, sino porque he tenido la impresión de que después de la publicación de su libro hemos tenido un exceso de historias para mi gusto demasiado exquisitas, sobre temas demasiado marginales, escritas a veces por historiadores demasiado miniaturistas, a veces vanidosos y narcisistas.
Methodological approach for the use of agricultural transformation losses based on lean manufacturing: Case Study on a coffee farm in Colombia
Authors: Hualpa-Zúñiga Andres , Felizzola-Jiménez Heriberto , Arango-Londoño Carlos , Rangel-Díaz Jorge
Published: June 2024

Improvements in production systems that use the lean manufacturing approach known as “Lean” have the objective of eliminating or reducing waste or process inefficiencies (muda). This approach is increasingly adopted by different industrial sectors, including agriculture. Although Lean improvements are traditionally applied to existing processes from cultivation to distribution, opportunities to intervene in processing wastes (losses) are left aside. This article presents a methodological approach framed in five Lean principles, made up of six activities aimed at the design of new processes that make use of the losses generated by harvesting and agricultural transformation. The methodological approach is applied in a Colombian coffee farm where parchment coffee transformation processes are developed. A parallel losses composting process is designed that transforms defective, green, overripe beans, coffee pulp, mucilage and husk. The results show that by applying the methodological approach on the coffee farm, a level of losses transformation of 86% is achieved. Molting is also reduced for both the current parchment coffee production line and the composting line to 35% and 50% respectively. The main reductions are reprocessing and waiting times. Finally, a 30.3% reduction is obtained in the time of activities that do not add value, making both the current and proposed processes more efficient and with better delivery times.
Mathematical analysis of a predator-prey system with shared resource, climatic effects, and neural network insight
Authors: Imran Abbas
Published: June 2024

This research paper introduces a predator-prey system in which both organisms depend on a common sustenance source. In order to establish environmental dynamics that are more plausible, we integrated climatic effects on the predator population by implementing a sigmoidal function. The objective is to study the impact of climate on the population dynamics of interacting species by employing mathematical tools like stability analysis and Artificial Neural Networks. By employing meticulous mathematical analysis, we were able to ascertain the equilibrium points of the system and examine their stability on a global scale. Our investigation covered both diffusive and non-diffusive models, providing insight into the unique dynamical characteristics of each. Moreover, in order to leverage the capabilities of modern computational methods, a neural network strategy was implemented to analyses the system's complexities in greater detail. In conclusion, exhaustive diagrams were used to meticulously illustrate the effect of varying parameters, thereby providing invaluable insights into the behavior of the system under various conditions.
Acetaldehyde Quantification in Microbial Fermentation Samples v1
Authors: D Richardson Isaiah , not provided Bishaldsharmath , G Olson Daniel
Published: June 2024

This protocol details a broadly applicable approach for quantifying the concentration of acetaldehyde present in a microbial fermentation sample. To quantify acetaldehyde, a hydrazine derivatization reaction is performed following sampling using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH), which reacts with acetaldehyde in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio to produce acetaldehyde-2,4-DNPH, a stable product at room temperature that can be quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
GEM Generation and Barcoding v1
Authors: Monroe Heidi , Cardenes Nayra , not provided koenigshoffm
Published: June 2024

The Chromium Single Cell Gene Expression Solution upgrades short read sequencers to deliver a scalable microfluidic platform for 3’ digital gene expression by profiling 500-10,000 individual cells per sample. A pool of ~3,500,000 10x Barcodes are sampled separately to index each cell’s transcriptome. It is done by partitioning thousands of cells (or nuclei) into nanoliter-scale Gel Beads-in-emulsion (GEMs), where all generated cDNA share a common 10x Barcode. Dual Indexed libraries are generated and sequenced from the cDNA and 10x Barcodes are used to associate individual reads back to the individual partitions. This protocol outlines the process for generating Gel Beads-in-emulsion (GEMs) by combining barcoded Single Cell 3’ v3.1 Gel Beads, a Master Mix containing cells, and Partitioning Oil onto Chromium Next GEM Chip G. To achieve single cell resolution, cells are delivered at a limiting dilution, such that the majority (~90-99%) of generated GEMs contain no cell, while the remainder largely contain a single cell. This protocol details the GEM Generation and Barcoding procedures.
Fixation and immunocytochemistry (fluorescence) in PFF-treated cultures v2
Authors: Iuliano Maria
Published: June 2024

This protocol outlines methods used for the preparation of in vitro models for fluorescent imaging including primary rat and mouse hippocampal cultures treated with PFFs.
Digitalizing Access to Care: How Self-Check-In Kiosks Shape Access to Care and Efficiency of Hospital Services
Authors: Loukili Ibrahim , Goedhart Nicole S. , Zuiderent-Jerak Teun , Dedding Christine
Published: June 2024

Responding to labor shortages and rising healthcare expenses, hospitals increasingly turn to self-check-in kiosks to streamline service delivery and improve patients’ experiences. The purpose of this study was to reflect on the implementation of these self-check-in kiosks in a Dutch university hospital, particularly in relation to access to care for more vulnerable patients and intended efficiency goals. We followed a technology-in-practice approach to better understand how new technologies shape care practices in relation to in/exclusion and carried out an ethnographic action study involving desk research, participatory observations, semi-structured interviews, and reflection sessions with developers and hospital staff. Data were analyzed through ethnographic content analysis. Our results show that although self-check-in kiosks work well for some patients, many people experience practical and psychosocial difficulties, especially those who go through a complex care pathway, are low-literate, experience a distance the online world, or have sensory, motor, or cognitive impairments. Kiosks are not yet attuned to these patients and typically leave little flexibility and room for negotiation and personal support in what is, for many, a foreign environment. Therefore, patients frequently seek confirmation and assistance from already downsized or busy staff. In conclusion, we find that digitalization under the banner of efficiency within a healthcare system already under pressure carries risks, as it can unintentionally generate extra (invisible) work for patients and care professionals and threaten access to and quality of care for patients most in need. A more concentrated effort on refining the digitalization of healthcare processes using an inclusive-technology-in-practice approach has the potential to contribute to fairer and more efficient care for all patients.
Young People Learning About Algorithms: Five Profiles Spanning From Ineptitude to Enchantment
Authors: Brites Maria José , Castro Teresa Sofia , Müller Mariana S. , Maneta Margarida
Published: June 2024

This article focuses on young people’s understanding of algorithms and their learning methods. While many younger individuals are deeply familiar with digital media, it is erroneous to assume that this familiarity is equivalent to operational or critical knowledge. Given that algorithm awareness has only recently become a topic of debate, daily life practices and knowledge processes need further study, particularly through the lens of audiences. The analysis is based on 42 interviews carried out as part of a project on young people, news, and digital citizenship in Portugal. From the analysis, we came up with five profiles that include different ways of understanding and learning about algorithms: ethereal, ambivalent, unfamiliar, negative, and positive perspectives. Preliminary findings reveal strategies youth employ to bypass the influence of algorithms, with a dominant perspective of learning through the proximity contexts: alone, with social media (TikTok and Instagram), with peers/family, and few cases mentioning school, that surprisingly, is almost absent as a learning atmosphere. Given the newness of the collective awareness of the power of algorithms, the presented scenario claims that we need for a more structural and institutional learning context and response, which could help prevent recurring scenarios akin to digital “bowling alone.”
Frontline Knowledge: Digital Media Literacy of Older Adults in Ukraine
Authors: Pasitselska Olga
Published: June 2024

Digital media literacy becomes crucial in modern conflict zones, as conflicts are increasingly digitized and hyperconnected. While a dangerous environment raises the need for orientation, propaganda and fakes discourage audiences’ sense-making efforts. Older adults often experience digital and social exclusion and might be vulnerable to mis- and disinformation. Previous research, focusing mostly on Western Europe, has studied digital media practices of older adults, however, there is very little knowledge on digital media literacy skills and needs of older adults in conflict zones. Drawing on eight focus groups, this article explores Ukrainian older adults’ challenges and compensation strategies during the digitized war. An inductive-qualitative analysis identifies three main factors that shape digital practices and dictate the literacy needs of Ukrainian older adults: (a) (lack of) access, grounded in material infrastructure and social ties; (b) self-(in)efficacy that often stems from pre-convictions about one’s agency and position in society; and (c) resilience that becomes crucial in the situation of continuous exposure to (mediated) violence. This research contributes to the understanding of the media literacy needs of older adults and lays the foundation for developing digital literacy study programs in conflict zones.
Populists in the Shadow of Unanimity: Contestation of EU Foreign and Security Policy
Authors: Juncos Ana E. , Pomorska Karolina
Published: June 2024

The arrival of populist political parties to power in several member states and the increasing politicisation of EU foreign policy has made intra-European consensus more difficult to reach in the past decade. This article examines the impact of populist contestation on EU foreign policy negotiations in the Council, a policy area governed by unanimity. This decision-making mode makes the policy especially vulnerable to the impact of contestation and, at the same time, gives power to those willing to use their veto. Drawing on the idea of unpopulist politics, this study shows how Hungary and, to a lesser degree, Poland have contested the established formal and informal norms (such as consensus-building or reflex coordination) through discursive and behavioural non-compliance. The “domestication” of EU foreign policy has meant that, in general, populists show less willingness to compromise and resort to non-decisions to demonstrate the EU’s weakness. However, there are exceptions, and it is possible to see variations in populist strategies when faced with similar challenges, as exemplified by the EU’s response to Russia’s war in Ukraine. By testing the scope conditions under which unpolitics might be activated, we show that the same crisis situation did not lead to a uniform response amongst populist governments. This is because both the nature of the crisis and perceptions of risk/gain were understood differently (and actively constructed as such) by populists in power. This finding emphasises the social, relational, and multi-level nature of unpolitics as a phenomenon.
On the relationship between the General and Special parts Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Bezverkhov A. G. , Golenko D. V.
Published: June 2024

The General and Special Parts are paired structural components of the criminal law. It is more logical to consider the interaction of the General and Special parts in the context of such a scientific and philosophical category as correlation. This article examines the relationship between the General and Special parts of the criminal law in the philosophical, socio-legal and legal-technical senses. In a philosophical sense, the General and the Special, these parts are organically connected with each other according to the dialectic of the relationship between the “general and the particular”. From a socio-legal point of view, the unity of the General and Special parts of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is manifested in the fact that both parts serve common tasks; the normative prescriptions of both parts are based on the same principles; properties of specific crimes and punishments for them are provided in both parts. From the legal and technical side, the unity of the General and Special parts of the criminal code lies in its systemic structure. The work identifies both similar and distinctive features between the two paired components of modern Russian criminal law. Prospects for further research into the relationship between the General and Special parts of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are seen in the development and approval of the Concept for the construction of Russian criminal law.
Regulatory role of protein p53 in the functional activity of the central nervous system
Authors: Kotov Vladislav N. , Kostyaeva Margarita G. , Ibadullaeva Svetlana S. , Ganshin Igor B. , Khodorovich Olga S. , Valiev Timur T. , Kartasheva Alla F.
Published: June 2024

Protein p53 is one of the most popular topics among researchers. Over the past 40 years since its discovery, more than 100 thousand scientific works have been written, and this is growing steadily. The increased interest in this protein among doctors lies in its participation in the development of malignant tumors, a socially significant group of diseases of the 21st century. p53 is a tumor suppressor. Normally, when exposed to damaging factors, this protein promotes DNA repair or apoptosis, depending on the damage, which in turn prevents the accumulation of cells with mutant DNAs. When p53 mutates, it loses its function, leading to abnormal cell proliferation and tumor progression.
The role of p53 is not limited to carcinogenesis. It also participates in the regulation of the central nervous system; however, its role is ambiguous. Although p53 is also involved in the embryogenesis of nervous tissue and promotes the differentiation of neural stem cells, it can also have a damaging effect on neurons.
The literature review presents current data on the structure and function of p53, the main regulator of the human genome, and its homologs (p63 and p73). These proteins are considered to play a role in programmed cell death and carcinogenesis. The role of p53 family proteins in the functioning of the central nervous system and neuroprotection was also examined.
Appearance and Aspect of the Status of Attribution in the Bronze Age from Infant and Children’s Tombs
Authors:   Korean Ancient Historical Society, Lee Myung Hoon
Published: June 2024

Infant and children’s tombs are recognized as the decisive basis for the emergence of attribution status in society after the early Iron Age. On the other hand, in the Bronze Age, little research has been conducted on the appearance or meaning of infant and child tombs. However, even in the Bronze Age, the number of human bones of infants is increasing. The Bronze Age tombs were built for one person in the same way as adult tombs, and there is no discrimination in the layout and the burial of relics compared to adult tombs. Therefore, the existence of infants and children with high status is assumed. Most of the tombs where the human bones of infants and children were excavated are small. This is consistent with previous studies, and it is thought that the possibility of small tombs being infants and children has increased. As the existence of infant and children’s tombs became clear, the possibility that the status of attribution appeared even in the Bronze Age increased. However, it is thought that the status of attribution in the Bronze Age was not completed as in society after the early Iron Age. Nevertheless, it can be seen as evidence of the beginning of structural complaints. In other words, the structural inequality that has intensified since the early Iron Age is the result of the explosion of social discrimination that has been strengthened throughout the Bronze Age. The beginning was the emergence of a status of attribution that allowed the construction of infants and children's tombs.
A study of nutritional assessment in children with pneumonia or diarrhoea and pneumonia and diarrhoea both admitted at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kamat Raksha , Patel Tinkalbahen Dilipbhai , Kumar Tarun , Kovvalil Athirq , Bulsara Panna
Published: June 2024

: Adequate Nutrition is essential for development of human. Malnutrition includes both undernutrition and over-nutrition and refers to deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in the intake of energy, protein and/or other nutrients. Benefits of good health are perceived not only at the individual level but also at the level of society and country.

: To study the proportion and severity of malnutrition in children admitted with pneumonia and Acute Diarrhoea. To study the correlation of severity of malnutrition in both pneumonia and diarrhoea in children.

: A cross sectional study was conducted 374 among Paediatrics patient between 1 month to 5 years of age, admitted at Paediatric ward, New Civil Hospital, Surat.

: Majority of patients were male (n=236, 63.10%). Maximum subjects were in age range 1-3 years (n=194, 51.87%), followed by 103 subjects ≤1 year of age and 77 subjects were >3-5 years of age. Only 288 subjects were completely immunized (77%) and rest of 86 patients were partially immunized (23%). In present study, maximum subjects were full term babies (n=283, 75.67%) and 91 patients were preterm infants (24.33%). And maximum subjects were normal birth weight (n=276, 73.80%) and 98 subjects (26.20%) had low birth weight at the time of delivery.

: SAM must be identified and handled carefully since it causes more difficulties and requires a longer hospital stay than MAM and the regular nutrition group. MAM, which is commonly ignored, must be recognised and monitored because it can eventually result in SAM.
PROFESSORES DO 1º CEB E AS PROVAS DE AFERIÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Neves Rui , Morato Almeida Diana , Jesus Capela Arminda
Published: June 2024

O presente estudo centra-se na caraterização da perceção dos professores do 1º CEB sobre as Provas de Aferição em Educação Física realizadas no 2º ano de escolaridade na escola do 1º CEB. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário respondido por 77 professores de várias zonas do país, com idades entre os 35 e os 65 anos de idade (47,32 ± 3,04 anos). Os dados foram tratados em termos de estatística descritiva (Ni, percentagens, médias e desvio-padrão). Os resultados indicam que os professores atribuem reduzida importância às provas, apesar de globalmente considerarem que os seus alunos se apresentam bem preparados para as realizar. De forma mais criteriosa entendem que os seus alunos obterão melhores resultados nas tarefas associadas ao bloco “Jogo Infantis”, seguido do “Deslocamento e Equilíbrios” e “Perícias e Manipulações”. Apesar da sua realização desde 2017 estas provas ainda não obtiveram a valorização pelos professores, o que nos deve refletir acerca das políticas e práticas desenvolvidas até aqui.