bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome analysis through image processing with deep learning models
Authors: Zhang Yao-zhong , Imoto Seiya
Published: July 2024

Genomic sequences are traditionally represented as strings of characters: A (adenine), C (cytosine), G (guanine), and T (thymine). However, an alternative approach involves depicting sequence-related information through image representations, such as Chaos Game Representation (CGR) and read pileup images. With rapid advancements in deep learning (DL) methods within computer vision and natural language processing, there is growing interest in applying image-based DL methods to genomic sequence analysis. These methods involve encoding genomic information as images or integrating spatial information from images into the analytical process. In this review, we summarize three typical applications that use image processing with DL models for genome analysis. We examine the utilization and advantages of these image-based approaches.
ERN GENTURIS clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis, surveillance and management of people with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome
Authors: Geilswijk Marianne , Genuardi Maurizio , Woodward Emma R. , Nightingale Katie , Huber Jazzmin , Madsen Mia Gebauer , Liekelema - van der Heij Dieke , Lisseman Ian , Marlé-Ballangé Jenny , McCarthy Cormac , Menko Fred H. , Moorselaar R. Jeroen A. van , Radzikowska Elzbieta , Richard Stéphane , Rajan Neil , Sommerlund Mette , Wetscherek Maria T. A. , Di Donato Nataliya , Maher Eamonn R. , Brunet Joan
Published: July 2024

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD syndrome) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder with variable expression due to pathogenic constitutional variants in the FLCN gene. Patients with BHD syndrome are predisposed to benign cutaneous fibrofolliculomas/trichodischomas, pulmonary cysts with an associated risk of spontaneous pneumothorax, and renal cell carcinoma. A requirement for updated International consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and management of BHD syndrome was identified. Based on a comprehensive literature review and expert consensus within the fields of respiratory medicine, urology, radiology, dermatology, clinical oncology and clinical genetics, updated recommendations for diagnosis, surveillance and management in BHD syndrome were developed. With the widespread availability of FLCN genetic testing, clinical scenarios in which a diagnosis should be considered and criteria for genetic testing were defined. Following a clinical and/or molecular diagnosis of BHD syndrome, a multidisciplinary approach to disease management is required. Regular renal cancer surveillance is recommended in adulthood and life-long, but the evidence base for additional tumour surveillance is limited and further research warranted. Recommendations for the treatment of cutaneous, pulmonary and renal manifestations are provided. Awareness of BHD syndrome needs to be raised and better knowledge of the clinical settings in which the diagnosis should be considered should enable earlier diagnosis. Further details, including areas for future research topics are available at: https://www.genturis.eu/l=eng/Guidelines-and-pathways/Clinical-practice-guidelines.html.
The incidence, monitoring coverage and clinical characteristics of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in the United Kingdom
Authors: Yusuf Imran H. , Han Ruofan C. , Downes Susan M. , Sharma Srilakshmi M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Retinal monitoring is recommended for hydroxychloroquine users to detect pre-symptomatic retinopathy and preserve visual function. However, the incidence of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy and monitoring coverage in the U.K. are incompletely characterised. Moreover, the visual benefits of monitoring for retinopathy – recommended for over 70,000 long-term hydroxychloroquine users in the U.K. - remain unproven.

Methods

A national, prospective observational study was undertaken with the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit (BOSU). Newly diagnosed cases of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in the U.K. were reported and data captured using a standardised questionnaire over 3.5 years (July 2018–Dec 2021). The frequency of retinopathy and coverage of monitoring amongst long-term users was estimated. Visual function was compared between asymptomatic individuals detected on monitoring and those presenting with visual symptoms. The clinical characteristics, dosing and management of reported cases were captured.

Results

The annualised number of incident cases of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy was 29–57, with an annualised frequency of 0.04–0.08% amongst long-term users (~1 in 1247–2625). The coverage of monitoring was approximately 2.6–5.5%. Visual acuity (0.1 vs. 0.22 logMAR; p = 0.007) and visual field mean deviation (−3.73 dB vs. −8.69 dB; p = 0.017) were better preserved in asymptomatic individuals compared to those presenting with visual symptoms.

Conclusion

These data support the efficacy of monitoring in the preservation of visual function in patients with hydroxychloroquine retinopathy at diagnosis. The overall population coverage of monitoring was low, consistent with the high proportion of symptomatic patients at diagnosis. This study presents a method for evaluating the yield of monitoring for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in the U.K.
Management of open globe injury: a narrative review
Authors: Blanch Richard J. , McMaster David , Patterson Tim J.
Published: July 2024

Open globe injuries are a significant global cause of visual loss, including unilateral and bilateral blindness. Prognosis is predicted by injury severity, with lower presenting visual acuity and more posterior injuries associated with poor visual outcomes, although even the most severely injured eyes with no perception of light vision may regain some visual function. In addition to severity of the primary injury, the secondary injuries and complications causing poor outcomes include proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and endophthalmitis. Endophthalmitis is common after open globe injury, affecting up to 16.5% of patients. Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis is commonly used, with a limited evidence base, while intraocular antibiotics are less commonly used but have stronger supporting evidence of efficacy. Endophthalmitis rates are also reduced by prompt primary repair, which may also support recovery of visual acuity. PVR is not prevented or treated by any pharmacologic interventions in current clinical practice, but the incidence of post-traumatic PVR may be reduced by early vitrectomy within the first 4–7 days after injury. Ocular trauma training is often limited in Western ophthalmic surgical training programmes, and patients with ocular trauma often require the input of multiple subspecialists. In this context, it is important that patients have an overview and coordination of the different aspects of their care, with ownership by one lead clinician.
Effect of baseline fluid localization on visual acuity and prognosis in type 1 macular neovascularization treated with anti-VEGF
Authors: Gadiollet Etienne , Kodjikian Laurent , Vasson Fanélie , Kodaday Kenny , Chirpaz Nicolas , Wolff Benjamin , De Bats Flore , Feldman Audrey , Pradat Pierre , Gascon Pierre , Mathis Thibaud
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To assess the prognostic value of subretinal (SRF) and intraretinal fluid (IRF) localizations in type 1 macular neovascularization (MNV) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Subjects

Eyes were prospectively treated with anti-vascular epithelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) intravitreal injections (IVT) according to a Pro-Re-Nata (PRN) or Treat and Extend (TAE) regimen during 24 months. A total of 211 eyes with treatment-naïve type 1 MNV secondary to AMD were consecutively included. Eyes were divided between 2 groups according to the fluid localization: presence of SRF alone (SRF group), or presence of IRF associated or not with SRF (IRF ± SRF group).

Results

At baseline the mean BCVA was 66.2 letters. SRF was present in 94.8% of eyes, IRF in 30.8%, and both in 25.6%. Data were available for 201 eyes at 12 months, and 157 eyes at 24 months. The presence of IRF at baseline was associated with lower baseline BCVA and significantly lower BCVA at 12 months (p < 0.001) and 24 months (p < 0.001). Eyes with SRF alone displayed better visual outcomes (BCVA at month 12, SRF = 74.3 letters, IRF ± SRF = 56.9 letters). In the presence of baseline IRF, fibrosis (p = 0.03) and atrophy (p < 0.001) were more frequently found at 24 months. In a multivariate model, the presence of baseline IRF was significantly associated with lower BCVA at month 12 but not at month 24.

Conclusion

In type 1 MNV, the presence of baseline IRF was associated with worse visual outcomes compared to SRF alone, and more frequent atrophy and fibrosis.
Partial coherence enhances parallelized photonic computing
Authors: Dong Bowei , Brückerhoff-Plückelmann Frank , Meyer Lennart , Dijkstra Jelle , Bente Ivonne , Wendland Daniel , Varri Akhil , Aggarwal Samarth , Farmakidis Nikolaos , Wang Mengyun , Yang Guoce , Lee June Sang , He Yuhan , Gooskens Emmanuel , Kwong Dim-Lee , Bienstman Peter , Pernice Wolfram H. P. , Bhaskaran Harish
Published: July 2024

Advancements in optical coherence control1–5 have unlocked many cutting-edge applications, including long-haul communication, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and optical coherence tomography6–8. Prevailing wisdom suggests that using more coherent light sources leads to enhanced system performance and device functionalities9–11. Our study introduces a photonic convolutional processing system that takes advantage of partially coherent light to boost computing parallelism without substantially sacrificing accuracy, potentially enabling larger-size photonic tensor cores. The reduction of the degree of coherence optimizes bandwidth use in the photonic convolutional processing system. This breakthrough challenges the traditional belief that coherence is essential or even advantageous in integrated photonic accelerators, thereby enabling the use of light sources with less rigorous feedback control and thermal-management requirements for high-throughput photonic computing. Here we demonstrate such a system in two photonic platforms for computing applications: a photonic tensor core using phase-change-material photonic memories that delivers parallel convolution operations to classify the gaits of ten patients with Parkinson’s disease with 92.2% accuracy (92.7% theoretically) and a silicon photonic tensor core with embedded electro-absorption modulators (EAMs) to facilitate 0.108 tera operations per second (TOPS) convolutional processing for classifying the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) handwritten digits dataset with 92.4% accuracy (95.0% theoretically).
Walrus optimizer-based optimal fractional order PID control for performance enhancement of offshore wind farms
Authors: Shaheen Mohamed A. M. , Hasanien Hany M. , Mekhamer S. F. , Talaat Hossam E. A.
Published: July 2024

Offshore wind farms (OWFs) play a crucial role in producing renewable energy in modern electrical power systems. However, to ensure that these facilities operate smoothly, they require robust control systems. As a result, this paper employed the newly developed Walrus Optimization algorithm (WaOA) to optimize the design parameters of fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controllers in the power electronic interface circuits of the studied wind energy conversion system (WECS). In contrast to conventional optimization techniques like GA and PSO, the suggested approach proves more effective. The paper validates the WaOA application in optimizing FOPID controllers within a WECS comprising two, onshore and offshore, VSC stations at the two ends of an HVDC transmission system connecting OWFs to the mainland. The study shows that the WaOA outperforms GA and PSO, improving system stability and enabling quick recovery after disturbances. The study carried out using MATLAB/Simulink highlights the significance of newly recently introduced optimization techniques to ensure efficient and reliable operation of offshore wind energy systems, thereby expediting the transition to sustainable energy sources.
Perivascular spaces around arteries exceed perivenous spaces in the mouse brain
Authors: Smets Nina G. , van der Panne Shakira A. , Strijkers Gustav J. , Bakker Erik N. T. P.
Published: July 2024

The perivascular space (PVS) surrounds cerebral blood vessels and plays an important role in clearing waste products from the brain. Their anatomy and function have been described for arteries, but PVS around veins remain poorly characterized. Using in vivo 2-photon imaging in mice, we determined the size of the PVS around arteries and veins, and their connection with the subarachnoid space. After infusion of 70 kD FITC-dextran into the cerebrospinal fluid via the cisterna magna, labeled PVS were evident around arteries, but veins showed less frequent labeling of the PVS. The size of the PVS correlated with blood vessel size for both pial arteries and veins, but not for penetrating vessels. The PVS around pial arteries and veins was separated from the subarachnoid space by a thin meningeal layer, which did not form a barrier for the tracer. In vivo, FITC-dextran signal was observed adjacent to the vessel wall, but minimally within the wall itself. Post-mortem, there was a significant shift in the tracer's location within the arterial wall, extending into the smooth muscle layer. Taken together, these findings suggest that the PVS around veins has a limited role in the exchange of solutes between CSF and brain parenchyma.
Optical measurements of the twist constant and angle in nematic liquid crystal cells
Authors: Bankova Denitsa , Podoliak Nina , Kaczmarek Malgosia , D’Alessandro Giampaolo
Published: July 2024

We present a reliable optical method for measuring the twist elastic constant $$\text {K}_2$$

K
2

and for assessing the total twist angle in a standard nematic twist cell. The method relies on the use of a non-standard configuration of crossed polarisers and a twist cell, which allows us to measure accurately the twist-cell parameters by reducing the degeneracy between them. Grid patching and an efficient beam propagation method are utilised in the numerical models used for fitting the experimental data. The modelling shows that the polarisation dynamics in a twist cell is non-trivial and much more complex than in a planar cell. The twist elastic constant of three commonly used liquid crystals (5CB, 6CHBT and E7) was successfully extracted from cross-polarised intensity measurements.
Climate justice and policy analysis: still a reserved relationship
Authors: Pollex Jan
Published: July 2024

Climate justice issues have been propelled onto political agendas by the recent wave of climate activism, which emphasizes the need for more equitable development. Although a substantial body of research identifies injustices related to climate change, policy research has yet to adequately address this topic. This contribution aims to bridge this gap by advocating for a stronger connection between climate justice and policy analysis. It reviews existing literature, highlighting key focal points in the research, and identifies avenues for future study. The review underscores the need for a more thorough examination of the intersection between policy measures and climate justice.
Loss of Elp3 blocks intestinal tuft cell differentiation via an mTORC1-Atf4 axis
Authors: Wathieu Caroline , Lavergne Arnaud , Xu Xinyi , Rolot Marion , Nemazanyy Ivan , Shostak Kateryna , El Hachem Najla , Maurizy Chloé , Leemans Charlotte , Close Pierre , Nguyen Laurent , Desmet Christophe , Tielens Sylvia , Dewals Benjamin G , Chariot Alain
Published: July 2024

Intestinal tuft cells are critical for anti-helminth parasite immunity because they produce IL-25, which triggers IL-13 secretion by activated group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) to expand both goblet and tuft cells. We show that epithelial Elp3, a tRNA-modifying enzyme, promotes tuft cell differentiation and is consequently critical for IL-25 production, ILC2 activation, goblet cell expansion and control of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis helminth infection in mice. Elp3 is essential for the generation of intestinal immature tuft cells and for the IL-13-dependent induction of glycolytic enzymes such as Hexokinase 1 and Aldolase A. Importantly, loss of epithelial Elp3 in the intestine blocks the codon-dependent translation of the Gator1 subunit Nprl2, an mTORC1 inhibitor, which consequently enhances mTORC1 activation and stabilizes Atf4 in progenitor cells. Likewise, Atf4 overexpression in mouse intestinal epithelium blocks tuft cell differentiation in response to intestinal helminth infection. Collectively, our data define Atf4 as a negative regulator of tuft cells and provide insights into promotion of intestinal type 2 immune response to parasites through tRNA modifications.
Therapeutic targeting ERRγ suppresses metastasis via extracellular matrix remodeling in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Hong , Sun Huizi , Huang Jie , Zhang Zhenhua , Cai Guodi , Wang Chaofan , Xiao Kai , Xiong Xiaofeng , Zhang Jian , Liu Peiqing , Lu Xiaoyun , Feng Weineng , Wang Junjian
Published: July 2024

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive and lethal type of lung cancer, characterized by limited treatment options, early and frequent metastasis. However, the determinants of metastasis in SCLC are poorly defined. Here, we show that estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) is overexpressed in metastatic SCLC tumors, and is positively associated with SCLC progression. ERRγ functions as an essential activator of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and cell adhesion, two critical steps in metastasis, by directly regulating the expression of major genes involved in these processes. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of ERRγ markedly reduces collagen production, cell-matrix adhesion, microfilament production, and eventually blocks SCLC cell invasion and tumor metastasis. Notably, ERRγ antagonists significantly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis and restored SCLC vulnerability to chemotherapy in multiple cell-derived and patient-derived xenograft models. Taken together, these findings establish ERRγ as an attractive target for metastatic SCLC and provide a potential pharmacological strategy for treating this lethal disease.
Construction of a DNA walker nanomachine aptasensor for simultaneous detection of dual-cancer biomarkers
Authors: Tian Songbai , Zheng Jiao , Ji Xinghu , Zhou Fuxiang , He Zhike
Published: July 2024

In this work, we introduce the operation of Exo I-powered DNA walker nanomachine for dual-biomarker simultaneous detection using a synchronous fluorescence strategy.
A noble metal-enhanced Au@CuO heterostructure with multienzyme-mimicking activities for colorimetric detection of tannic acid
Authors: Kang Xin , Ren Yiping , Wang Jin , Zhu Xu , Xin Ning , Gao Fenglei , Yu Dehong
Published: July 2024

Nanozymes offer several benefits including cost-effectiveness, enzyme-like catalytic abilities, enhanced stability, adjustable catalytic activity, easy recyclability, mild reaction conditions, and environmental friendliness.
Physical adsorption of OH− causes anomalous charging at oxide–water interfaces
Authors: Zhang Yingchun , Zhuang Yong-Bin , Liu Xiandong , Cheng Jun , Lützenkirchen Johannes , Lu Xiancai
Published: July 2024

The special interfacial structure of inert oxide surfaces effectively traps OH− through physical adsorption, causing obvious zeta potentials.
Tribromide enabled step-up generation of spirolactams from esters employing oxidative dearomatization of arenols
Authors: Roy Barnali , Avasare Vidya , Sarkar Debayan
Published: July 2024

An efficient and fundamentally new approach towards dearomative spirolactamization have been achieved employing easily accessible ester-arenols and amines in presence of quaternary ammonium tribromide as an economic oxidant.
Using –NH and –OH rich organic cathodes to explore proton transport in aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Wenlong , Niu Suyan , Wang Yao , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Yiming , Ju Na , Liu Xinyu , Jia Yinggang , Sun Hongbin
Published: July 2024

Exploring the proton transport mechanism in aqueous zinc-ion batteries using organic cathode material APIPP rich in active hydrogen functional groups.
Indium oxide with oxygen vacancies boosts O2 adsorption and activation for electrocatalytic H2O2 production
Authors: Deng Danni , Wang Yuchao , Jiang Jiabi , Bai Yu , Chen Yingbi , Zheng Haitao , Ou Houzheng , Lei Yongpeng
Published: July 2024

In2O3−x with oxygen vacancies promotes the adsorption and activation of O2 and stabilizes oxygen intermediates, improving H2O2 selectivity.
Urea-fused and π-extended single-benzene fluorophores with ultralarge Stokes shifts
Authors: Choi Taehyeon , Kim Heechan , Kim Younghun , Lee Dongwhan
Published: July 2024

Structural evolution of urea-fused single-benzene toward zero-overlap fluorophores with extraordinarily large (>12 400 cm−1) and proton-switchable Stokes shifts.
Surface hopping molecular dynamics simulation of ultrafast methyl iodide photodissociation mapped by Coulomb explosion imaging
Authors: Ding Yijue , Greenman Loren , Rolles Daniel
Published: July 2024

Our simulation demonstrates the robustness of the Coulomb explosion imaging technique in studying methyl iodide photodissociation, and shows that it can be effectively used for imaging non-adiabatic transitions in coordinate space.
Exploring the influence of (n − 1)d subvalence correlation and of spin–orbit coupling on chalcogen bonding
Authors: Mehta Nisha , Martin Jan M. L.
Published: July 2024

Subvalence d correlation (and for Te, second order spin–orbit coupling) contribute appreciably to (heavy) chalcogen bonding interaction energies.
Discovery of highly efficient dual-atom catalysts for propane dehydrogenation assisted by machine learning
Authors: Wang Xianpeng , Ma Yanxia , Li Youyong , Wang Lu , Chi Lifeng
Published: July 2024

An efficient strategy is developed to screen out promising dual-atom catalysts with paired active sites for propane dehydrogenation.
Ab initio study of temperature-dependent piezoelectric and electronic properties of thermally stable GaPO4
Authors: Yang Xiaoqing , Guo Pan , Hu Shunbo , Gao Zhibin , Yao Wenliang , Cheng Jinrong , Poncé Samuel , Wang Baigeng , Ren Wei
Published: July 2024

Piezoelectric and electronic properties of thermally stable α-GaPO4.
Neural network potentials facilitating accurate complex scaling for molecular resonances: from a model to high dimensional realistic systems
Authors: Xu Zhen , Hou Siting , Wang Zhimo , Xie Changjian
Published: July 2024

The neural network complex scaling method proposed in this work can accurately treat the vibronic resonances involving multiple coupled electronic states and resonances in high dimensional realistic systems.
Correction: Nonequilibrium thermodynamic model of thermoelectricity and thermodiffusion in semiconductors
Authors: Semenov Semen N. , Schimpf Martin E.
Published: July 2024

Correction for ‘Nonequilibrium thermodynamic model of thermoelectricity and thermodiffusion in semiconductors’ by Semen N. Semenov et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, 25, 6790–6796, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP05065J.
Environmental sustainability evaluation of glycerol and propylene-based pathways to acrylic acid via different intermediates
Authors: Bansod Yash , Pawanipagar Prashant , Ghasemzadeh Kamran , D'Agostino Carmine
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of four acrylic acid production routes.
An all-in-one microfluidic SlipChip for power-free and rapid biosensing of pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Xue Li , Liao Ming , Lin Jianhan
Published: July 2024

A power-free biosensor was developed for rapid detection of Salmonella using a SlipChip for fluidic control, Au@PtPd nanocatalysts for signal amplification and a smartphone app for analysis of color change.
Microfluidic programmable strategies for channels and flow
Authors: Song Yongxian , Zhou Yijiang , Zhang Kai , Fan Zhaoxuan , Zhang Fei , Wei Mingji
Published: July 2024

This review summarizes microfluidic programmable strategies for channels and flow, referring to microvalves, micropumps, digital microfluidics, multiplexers, micromixers, slip-, and block-based configurations.
A supervised graph-based deep learning algorithm to detect and quantify clustered particles
Authors: Saavedra Lucas A. , Mosqueira Alejo , Barrantes Francisco J.
Published: July 2024

Considerable efforts are currently being devoted to understanding the topography of membrane-embedded proteins through the integration of deep learning techniques with biophysical and numerical analytical approaches.
Surface-anchored carbon nanomaterials for antimicrobial surfaces
Authors: Giraud L. , Marsan O. , Dague E. , Ben-Neji M. , Cougoule C. , Meunier E. , Soueid S. , Galibert A. M. , Tourrette A. , Flahaut E.
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate that after anchoring at the surface of silicone, carbon nanomaterials exhibit antibacterial activity against Gram+ or Gram− bacteria depending on their surface chemistry.
Visualizing the fluorescence of AgPt NCs by an asymmetrical pseudo-ligand exchange method
Authors: He Lizhong , Dong Tingting , Hu Xiaoyang , Gan Zibao
Published: July 2024

We developed an asymmetrical pseudo-ligand exchange strategy and realized structural and photoluminescence regulation from the reported Ag26Pt to Ag16Pt.
Fabrication of a novel nanofiltration membrane using an Mg–Fe layered double hydroxide for dye/salt separation
Authors: Wei Xiuzhen , Chen Zelong , He Mengjia , Xu Liangliang , Li Yue , Yang Jia , Zhang Xuekang , Zhang Xianghao , Wang Ze , Cao Shiyu , Zhou Qinghua , Pan Bingjun
Published: July 2024

Mg–Fe LDH accelerated the diffusion of PIP, which decreased the thickness of the selective layer and improved the permeation flux of modified NF membranes. Mg–Fe LDHm could separate dye and NaCl molecules effectively.
Impact of cathodic pH and bioaugmentation on acetate and CH4 production in a microbial electrosynthesis cell
Authors: Nwanebu Emmanuel , Jezernik Mara , Lawson Christopher , Bruant Guillaume , Tartakovsky Boris
Published: July 2024

This study compares carbon dioxide conversion in carbonate-fed microbial electrosynthesis (MES) cells operated at low (5.3), neutral (7) and high (8) pH levels and inoculated either with wild-type or bioaugmented mixed microbial populations.
Hydrogen production via methanol steam reforming using sepiolite-derived Cu-based spherical micro-mesoporous catalysts
Authors: Chen Mingqiang , Yao Jinheng , Wang Yishuang , Liang Defang , Shen Lulu , Chen Chuanlong , Li Chang , Xin Haosheng , Yuan Gang , Wang Jun
Published: July 2024

Hydrogen production via MSR has been achieved over spherical micro-mesoporous supported CuMn catalysts using sepiolite-derived silica. Cu–MnOx interfaces inhibit the excessive oxidation of Cu0 to supply active Cu+ and oxygen vacancies.
High-performance flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor based on multi-layer interlocking microstructures
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Gongdong , Zheng Mingyang , Liu Lei , Xu Chengyang , Liu Zhendong , He Long
Published: July 2024

PDMS/CNT films with microdome arrays and porous TPU/MXene nanofibre films are assembled into high-performance piezoresistive pressure sensors, which greatly improve the sensitivity and stability of piezoresistive pressure sensors.
A series of bimetallic ammonium RbEu nitrates exhibiting switchable dielectric constant and photoluminescence properties
Authors: Li Hua-Kai , Wang Li-Ping , Cui Zong-Ze , Xu Qi , Zou Liang-Liang , Wang Na , Miao Le-Ping , Ye Heng-Yun , Shi Chao
Published: July 2024

Switchable dielectric constant and excellent optical properties have been realized in a series of RbEu bimetallic ammonium metal–nitrate hybrid analogues.
Blade-coated perovskite nanoplatelet polymer composites for sky-blue light-emitting diodes
Authors: Chen Jiale , Li Jiaxiong , Nedelcu Georgian , Hansch Paul , Di Mario Lorenzo , Protesescu Loredana , Loi Maria A.
Published: July 2024

Colloidal perovskite nanoplatelets (NPLs) have shown promise in tackling blue light-emitting diode challenges based on their tunable band gap and high photoluminescence efficiencies.
Communication Public Health: An Integration of Audiology, Speech-Language Pathology, and Public Health
Authors: Warren Sarah E. , Lopez Leslie C. , Anthony Teresa , Coco Laura
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Health care is advancing toward a collaborative and integrative approach that promotes general health and wellness while addressing health inequities through the consideration of broader social and economic factors that influence the well-being of the entire population. Recently, there has been growing evidence of public health concept applications in fields related to speech, language, and hearing. However, there is an outstanding need to explicitly define the intersection of public health, including prevention and health promotion, and the discipline of communication sciences and disorders (CSD) across the areas of education, clinical practice, research, and policy. The authors propose a definition for this intersection using the new term
communication public health
.

Method:

This tutorial provides guidance on how to conceptualize communication public health and invites refinement and expansion of the intersection between public health and CSD. Because readers are experts in CSD, this tutorial aims to supplement existing knowledge with information on public health to achieve three main objectives: (a) increase knowledge of the application of public health concepts among speech, language, hearing, and related professionals (SLHP+); (b) introduce the concept of communication public health; and (c) discuss the relevance of communication public health across domains within CSD. The authors utilize the socioecological model to provide examples of applications.

Results:

The concept of communication public health is proposed as the collaborative area of CSD and public health, which encompasses prevention and promotion of equity in communication health through individual-, community-, and population-level efforts. The goals of communication public health are achieved through applications of public health principles in CSD education, clinical practice, research, and policy.

Conclusion:

Communication public health defines an area of collaboration between public health and CSD in which SLHP+ can apply public health concepts to both advance communication health and address health disparities.
Multi‐objective optimisation framework for standalone DC‐microgrids with direct load control in demand‐side management
Authors: Jayasinghe Hasith , Gunawardane Kosala , Zamora Ramon
Published: July 2024

Renewable energy‐powered DC microgrids have emerged as a sustainable alternative for standalone power systems in remote locations, which were traditionally reliant on diesel generators (DIG) only. To ensure power quality and reliability, energy storage systems (ESS) and demand‐side management (DSM) techniques are employed, addressing the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources (RES). This manuscript presents a novel multi‐objective optimisation framework to determine the equipment sizing, depth of discharge (DoD) of ESS, and share of controllable loads contributing to DSM in a standalone DC microgrid incorporated with RES as a primary energy source and a backup DIG. The proposed optimisation strategy utilises genetic algorithm with the objectives of minimizing lifecycle cost and carbon footprint. A novel battery energy storage system (BESS) management criterion is introduced, which accounts for battery degradation in the lifecycle cost calculation. The minimum allowable DoD of the BESS is considered a decision variable in the optimisation problem to assess the impact of higher DoD on lifecycle cost improvement. MATLAB simulation results demonstrate that the proposed optimisation model significantly reduces the levelized cost of electricity and per unit carbon footprint compared to previous models. Additionally, it identifies an optimal range of DoD for the BESS to enhance the lifecycle cost of a standalone DC microgrid.
Neural network‐based integrated reactive power optimization study for power grids containing large‐scale wind power
Authors: Zhao Jie , Wang Chenhao , Zhao Biao , Du Xiao , Zhang Huaixun , Shang Lei
Published: July 2024

The high uncertainty of wind power output greatly affects the rapid reactive power optimization of power systems. This paper proposes a neural network‐based comprehensive reactive power optimization method for large‐scale wind power grids, effectively addressing the challenges of rapid reactive power optimization in power systems. Firstly, by constructing typical wind‐power‐load scenarios, the generalization ability of the neural network is improved. Then, focusing on the comprehensive reactive power optimization problem after integrating typical wind‐power‐load scenarios into the system, the improved Harris hawks optimization algorithm (HHO) is compared with the particle swarm optimization algorithm and traditional HHO algorithm, highlighting its advantages. Finally, HHO is utilized for solving, thereby constructing a comprehensive reactive power optimization strategy tag set. Furthermore, through deep fitting of the neural network between the power grid operating state and the comprehensive reactive power optimization strategy, the computational complexity and decision‐making time of reactive power optimization are reduced.
VVV catalog of ab-type RR Lyrae in the inner Galactic bulge
Authors: Zoccali M. , Quezada C. , Contreras Ramos R. , Valenti E. , Valenzuela-Navarro A. , Olivares Carvajal J. , Rojas Arriagada A. , Minniti J. H. , Gran F. , De Leo M.
Published: July 2024

Context. Observational evidence has accumulated in recent years, showing that the Galactic bulge includes two populations, a metal-poor one and a metal-rich one, which in addition to having different metallicities show different alpha over iron abundances, spatial distribution, and kinematics. While the metal-rich, barred component has been fairly well characterized, the metal-poor, spheroidal component has been more elusive and harder to describe. RR Lyrae variables are clean tracers of the old bulge component, and they are, on average, more metal-poor than red clump stars.

Aims. In the present paper, we provide a new catalog of 16488 ab-type RR Lyrae variables in the bulge region within |l|≲10° and |b|≲2.8°, extracted from multi-epoch Point Spread Function photometry performed on VISTA Variable in the Vía Láctea survey data. We used the catalog to constrain the shape of the old, metal-poor, bulge stellar population.

Methods. The identification of ab-type RR Lyrae among a large sample of candidate variables of different types has been performed via a combination of a Random Forest classifier and visual inspection. We optimized this process in such a way to extract a clean catalog with high purity, although for this reason its completeness, close to the midplane, is lower compared to a few other near-infrared catalogs covering the same region of the sky.

Results. We used the present catalog to derive the shape of their distribution around the Galactic center, resulting in an elongated spheroid with projected axis ratio of b/a~0.7 and an inclination angle of ϕ~20 degrees. We discuss how observational biases, such as errors on the distances and a nonuniform sampling in longitude, affect both the present measurements and previous ones, especially those based on red clump stars. Because the latter have not been taken into account before, we refrain from a quantitative comparison between these shape parameters and those derived for the main Galactic bar. Nonetheless, qualitatively, taking into account observational biases would lower the estimated ellipticity of the bar derived from red clump stars, and hence reduce the difference with the present results.

Conclusions. We publish a high-purity RRab sample for future studies of the oldest Galactic bulge population, close to the midplane. We explore different choices for the period-luminosity-metallicity relation, highlighting how some of them introduce spurious trends of distance with either the period or the metallicity, or both. We provide evidence that they trace a structure that is less elongated than the main bar, though we also highlight some biases of these kind of studies not discussed before.
Revisiting the statistical equilibrium of H− in stellar atmospheres
Authors: Barklem Paul S. , Amarsi Anish M.
Published: July 2024

The negative hydrogen ion H− is, almost without exception, treated in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) in the modelling of F, G, and K stars, where it is the dominant opacity source in the visual spectral region. This assumption rests in practice on a study from the 1960s. Since that work, knowledge of relevant atomic processes and theoretical calculations of stellar atmospheres and their spectra have advanced significantly, but this question has not been reexamined. We present calculations based on a slightly modified analytical model that includes H, H2 and H−, together with modern atomic data and a grid of 1D LTE theoretical stellar atmosphere models with stellar parameters ranging from Teff = 4000 to 7000 K, log 𝑔 = 1 to 5 cm s−2, and [Fe/H] = −3 to 0. We find direct non-LTE effects on populations in spectrum-forming regions, continua, and spectral lines of about 1–2% in stars with higher Teff and/or lower log g. Effects in models for solar parameters are smaller by a factor of 10, about 0.1–0.2%, and are practically absent in models with lower Teff and/or higher log g. These departures from LTE found in our calculations originate from the radiative recombination of electrons with hydrogen to form H− exceeding photodetachment, that is, overrecombination. Modern atomic data are not a source of significant differences compared to the previous work, although detailed data for processes on H2 resolved with vibrational and rotational states provide a more complete and complex picture of the role of H2 in the equilibrium of H−. In the context of modern studies of stellar spectra at the percent level, our results suggest that this question requires further attention, including a more extensive reaction network, and indirect effects due to non-LTE electron populations.
Analysis and numerical simulation of a generalized compressible Cahn–Hilliard–Navier–Stokes model with friction effects
Authors: Elbar Charles , Poulain Alexandre
Published: July 2024

We propose a new generalized compressible diphasic Navier–Stokes Cahn–Hilliard model that we name G-NSCH. This new G-NSCH model takes into account important properties of diphasic compressible fluids such as possible non-matching densities and contrast in mechanical properties (viscosity, friction) between the two phases of the fluid. The model also comprises a term to account for possible exchange of mass between the two phases. Our G-NSCH system is derived rigorously and satisfies basic mechanics of fluids and thermodynamics of particles. Under some simplifying assumptions, we prove the existence of global weak solutions. We also propose a structure preserving numerical scheme based on the scalar auxiliary variable method to simulate our system and present some numerical simulations validating the properties of the numerical scheme and illustrating the solutions of the G-NSCH model.
Risiken diabetesassoziierter Komorbiditäten in Subgruppen des Typ-2-Diabetes
Authors: Zaharia Oana-Patricia , Marx Nikolaus , Kelm Malte , Roden Michael
Published: July 2024

Diabetes mellitus ist eine vielfältige Erkrankung, die sich in ihren klinischen Merkmalen sowie im Risiko für begleitende Krankheiten und Komplikationen unterscheidet. Bisherige Klassifikationen haben sich hauptsächlich auf die Unterscheidung zwischen Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes konzentriert, abgesehen von Gestationsdiabetes und anderen spezifischen Formen mit bekannter Ursache. Durch die Nutzung einfacher Variablen ist es nun möglich, die verschiedenen Typen von Diabetes in Subgruppen/Cluster einzuteilen. Diese Einteilung ermöglicht eine genauere Bewertung spezifischer Patientengruppen und könnte in Zukunft personalisierte Ansätze für Prävention, Diagnose und Therapie ermöglichen.
Lipidmanagement bei Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus – Strategien zur Risikoreduktion
Authors: Brandts Julia
Published: July 2024

Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes (T2D) weisen ein doppelt so hohes Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse auf wie die Allgemeinbevölkerung, ein Risiko, das teilweise durch Senkung von Apolipoprotein-B100-haltigen Lipoproteinen reduziert werden könnte. Allerdings erreichen wenige die empfohlenen LDL-Cholesterin-Zielwerte aufgrund hoher Ausgangswerte, Therapieunverträglichkeiten und ärztlicher Risikounterschätzung. Der SCORE2-Diabetes bietet eine präzise Risikobewertung, indem er konventionelle und diabetesspezifische Faktoren einbezieht. Behandlungsbasis bilden weiterhin Statine, doch oft sind Kombinationstherapien mit Ezetimib oder Bempedoinsäure nötig. PCSK9-Inhibitoren sind eine effektive Option für Hochrisikopatienten. Durch den strategischen Einsatz dieser Therapieansätze kann das Management von Lipiden bei T2D-Patienten erheblich verbessert und damit das Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse reduziert werden.
Leitlinienempfehlungen für den klinischen Alltag: die 2023-ESC-Leitlinien zum Management kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen bei Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Marx Nikolaus , Roden Michael , Kelm Malte , Grandoch Maria
Published: July 2024

Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für die Entwicklung kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen, und das Vorliegen beider Komorbiditäten hat nicht nur einen massiven Einfluss auf die Prognose der Patienten, sondern ist auch entscheidend für die Implementierung einer evidenzbasierten Therapie zur Reduktion des kardiovaskulären Risikos. Die neuen Leitlinien der europäischen Kardiologengesellschaft ESC wurden im August 2023 veröffentlich und geben Empfehlungen zum Management kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen bei Patienten mit Diabetes. Die wesentlichen Aspekte dieser Leitlinien werden in der folgenden Übersichtsarbeit zusammengefasst.
Epikardiales Fett: kardiovaskuläre Risiken und Manifestation einer veränderten Fettverteilung
Authors: Balfanz Paul , Müller-Wieland Dirk
Published: July 2024

Die Prävalenz einer chronischen Herzinsuffizienz (heart failure, HF) ist in der westlichen Bevölkerung sehr hoch. Bei der HF spielen neben einer koronaren Herzerkrankung gerade bei den Patienten mit einer erhaltenen Pumpfunktion (Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction, HFpEF) weitere metabolische Faktoren, wie z. B. Übergewicht und Diabetes, eine wichtige Rolle.

Ektopes Fettgewebe, insbesondere epikardiales Fett (epicardial adipose tissue, EAT), könnte ein neues Bindeglied zwischen ischämischer Herzerkrankung inklusive Remodeling, Übergewicht/Adipositas und der Entwicklung einer HFpEF sein. EAT besitzt eine dichotome Funktion als Energiepuffer oder Risikofaktor der Koronarkalzifizierung und beeinflusst als endokrines Gewebe insbesondere durch Adipokine wie Adiponectin den weiteren Krankheitsprogress nach Myokardinfarkt. Seneszenzvorgänge im Fettgewebe verändern dessen endokrines Verhalten sowie dessen immunzelluläre Zusammensetzung, was den Krankheitsprogress und auch die Entwicklung einer HFpEF begünstigen könnte. Interessanterweise reduziert körperliche Aktivität Prozesse der Seneszenz und Gewichtsreduktion die Menge an EAT.
Recreational Cannabis Legalization: No Contribution to Rising
Prescription Stimulants in the USA
Authors: Alexander Garrett D. , Cavanah Luke R. , Goldhirsh Jessica L. , Huey Leighton Y. , Piper Brian J.
Published: July 2024

Introduction There have been substantial increases in the use of Schedule
II stimulants in the United States. Schedule II stimulants are the gold standard
treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but also carry
the risk of addiction. Since the neurocognitive deficits seen in ADHD resemble
those of chronic cannabis use, and the rise in stimulant use is incompletely
understood, this study sought to determine if recreational cannabis (RC)
legalization increased distribution rates of Schedule II stimulants.

Methods The distribution of amphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, and
methylphenidate were extracted from the ARCOS database of the Drug Enforcement
Administration. The three-year population-corrected slopes of distribution
before and after RC sales were evaluated.

Results Total stimulant distribution rates were significantly higher in
states with RC sales after (p=0.049), but not before (p=0.221),
program implementation compared to states without RC. Significant effects of
time (p<0.001) and RC sales status (p=0.045) were observed,
while time x RC sales status interaction effects were not significant
(p=0.406).

Discussion RC legalization did not contribute to a more pronounced rise in
Schedule II stimulant distribution in states. Future studies could explore the
impact of illicit cannabis use on stimulant rates and the impact of cannabis
sales on distribution rates of non-stimulant ADHD pharmacotherapies and ADHD
diagnoses.
Der aktuelle Forschungsstand zur Menstruationsgesundheit: Überblick über 20 bio-psycho-soziale Aspekte
Authors: Döring Nicola , Shevtsova Anastasiia , Schumann-Doermer Claudia
Published: July 2024

Seit dem Jahr 2022 hat die Weltgesundheitsorganisation die Menstruationsgesundheit als zentrales Gesundheits- und Menschrechtsthema anerkannt. Bei der Menstruationsgesundheit geht es um ein ganzheitliches physisches, psychisches und soziales Wohlbefinden rund um die Monatsblutung. Regierungen sollen aktiv dazu beitragen, durch sachgerechte Menstruationsaufklärung, Bereitstellung von Menstruationsprodukten sowie medizinische Menstruationsversorgung, der tradierten Tabuisierung des Themas sowie der Stigmatisierung und Diskriminierung von menstruierenden Menschen in den einzelnen Staaten entgegenzuwirken. Das individuelle Menstruationserleben ist oftmals negativ, geprägt von Schmerz, Stress und Scham. Dabei kann die Periode auch als Zeichen reproduktiver Gesundheit und guter Allgemeingesundheit sowie als Ausdruck weiblicher Potenz gewürdigt und mit Stolz verbunden werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag fächert die verschiedenen Dimensionen der Menstruation vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Debatten um Menstruationsgesundheit auf. Es werden 20 verschiedene Aspekte in einem bio-psycho-sozialen Modell strukturiert. So geht es unter anderem um Menstruations-Apps, nachhaltige Monatshygiene, menstruationsfreundliche Arbeitsplätze, Menstruationssex, mediale Menstruationsdarstellungen und Menstruationsaktivismus. Der Beitrag präsentiert aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse, Praxisbeispiele und Visualisierungen, um sowohl die sexualpädagogische Praxis als auch die sexualwissenschaftliche Forschung zur weiteren Auseinandersetzung mit dem facettenreichen Phänomen der Menstruation zu inspirieren.