bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcineurin B Homologous Protein Isoform 2 Expression and Function in Low Serum Conditions in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Wallert Clarice , Fox Jillian , Provost Joseph , Wallert Mark
Published: June 2021

The Na+‐H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) is a key regulator of cell proliferation, migration and invasion in cells from a variety of solid tumors including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The Calcineurin B Homologous Proteins (CHP1 and CHP2) appear to be essential cofactors to support NHE1 function. CHP2 expression is elevated in tumor cells. This elevated expression supports cell proliferation and tumor formation. To evaluate the role of CHP2 and NHE1 in NSCLC progression we use three cell lines. H1299 cells are a human NSCLC carcinoma cell line. H1299 CHP2KD is a modified H1299 cell line that lacks CHP2 expression and H1299 NHE1KD which lacks NHE1 expression. We have assessed the expression of CHP1, CHP2 and NHE1 in normal (10%) and low (0.5%) serum conditions through western blot analysis. While CHP1 and NHE1 expression does not change over 48 hours of low serum exposure in any cell line, CHP2 expression increases in both H1299 and H1299 NHE1KD cells. To investigate functionality, we evaluated in vitro tumor formation using a soft agar assay. H1299 cells formed a significant number of large tumors (> 500 µm diameter) in both high and low serum conditions. H1299 NHE1KD cells formed a very low number of tumors in 10% serum and no tumors in 0.5% serum. H1299 CHP2KD cells formed no large tumors under either serum condition. These data suggest a critical role for CHP2 expression in cell migration and tumor formation which allows NSCLC cells to maintain a more aggressive phenotype even in low serum conditions.
Butyrate Alters mRNA and Protein Levels of Tumorigenic Chemokines in U937 Leukemic Cells
Authors: Pulliam Stephanie , Adunyah Samuel
Published: June 2021

Butyrate (NaB) is a HDAC inhibitor implicated as a potential therapy for cancer. Due to its ability to promote gamma globin, low concentrations (<1.5 mM) are used for treatment of hemoglobin disorders. Conversely, high concentrations (>1.5 mM) activate apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. Low concentrations of NaB influence signaling pathways that modulate cytokine production. However, it is not known whether high concentrations alter these pathways thereby regulating cytokine expression in cancer cells and altering the microenvironment, which was the purpose of this study. We exposed leukemia cells to high concentrations of NaB and analyzed for apoptosis, cytokine mRNA and protein levels, and chemotaxis. Our results show NaB induced activation of caspase‐3, but significantly decreased chemokine CCL2 and CCL5 mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, monocyte migration towards culture media from NaB‐treated cells significantly decreased. To elucidate the signaling mechanism, we investigated if NaB alters activation of AKT, MAPK, and Jak proteins. NaB induced p38, but suppressed ERK and AKT. NaB did not influence JNK or Jak proteins. Pretreatment with a p38 inhibitor abolished NaB‐induced reduction in CCL5; however, this was not observed in CCL2. This data suggests that while promoting apoptosis, NaB influences the cancer microenvironment by decreasing chemokine production via the MAPK pathway. These effects may influence the biology of normal and cancer cells thereby altering the status of the patient receiving NaB therapy. Ms Pulliam is supported by NHLBI T32 Pre‐doctoral training grant 2 T32 HL007735‐16 to Dr. Adunyah and CTSA award UL1TR000445 from the NCATS. Dr. Adunyah is supported by NCI U54 grant 5 U54 CA163069‐02 and NIMHD MeTRC grant 8 U54 MD007593‐04.
Effects of Pelvic and Hypogastric Nerves Axotomy on Androgen, Adrenergic and Cholinergic Receptors in the Rat Prostate
Authors: Serrano Maria , Aguirre Maria , Herrera‐Covarrubias Deissy , Muñoz David , Aranda‐Abreu Gonzalo , Hernandez Maria
Published: June 2021

The growth and function of the prostate gland is under hormonal and autonomic control. The pelvic (Pv) and hypogastric (Hg) nerves supply the gland and regulate receptors and other factors underlying its structure, development and pathology. In this work, we evaluated the messenger for androgen receptors (AR), muscarinic acetylcholine (M3), and alpha 1a‐adrenergic receptors (α1A‐AR)at the ventral prostate of the rat after axotomy, also testosterone levels where determined and anatomical and morphological characteristics of the mayor pelvic ganglion in sexually experienced subjects were analyzed. No changes were found in the fresh weight of the ventral lobe after 3, 9 or 15 days post‐ injury, but a reduction of AR mRNA was found after 9 days after axotomy, whereas for adrenergic and cholinergic receptor mRNA was reliable 15 days after surgery. M3 and α1A‐AR mRNA showed a decrease after Pv or Hg axotomy but showed and increase following Pv+Hg axotomy 15 days post‐injury. Testosterone leves increased in sexually experience rats that is prevented by the axotomy. Finally, axotomy produced a decrease in the number of ganglia cells as well as satellite and fibroblasts cells. Results indicate that lesion of the prostate nerves triggers a disease progress of the gland, perhaps in response to a reduction in testosterone levels, along with the alteration of the expresión of adrenergic, cholinergic and androgen receptors. Acknowledgements: CONACYT fellowship No. 289302 y Cuerpo Académico de Neuroquímica UV‐CA‐304
Conditional Lineage Tracing in the Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion
Authors: Smith Allen , Rowe Jeremy , Wolfe Kaleb , Murray Richard
Published: June 2021

Sensory input to the mammalian nervous system is mediated by neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) that flank the spinal cord. During embryonic development, these neurons arise from neural crest cells that differentiate to form both neurons and glia in the DRG. To form a particular cell type, the crest cells first commit to a glial or neural lineage (neural fate determination) and then committed progenitors further differentiate into specific subtypes of cells (subtype specification). To learn more about the genetic regulation of neural fate determination, we are investigating the role of neurogenin1 (ngn1). Ngn1 is expressed in crest cells and one sub‐type of DRG neuron is missing in ngn1 knockouts. This shows that ngn1 is required for neural development in the DRG but does not define its role in neural fate determination or subtype specification. If ngn1 is involved in neural fate determination, it should be expressed in the last common progenitor cell to the neural and glial lineages. To test whether ngn1 is expressed in the last common progenitor, we are attempting to genetically label these cells in early development and then detect neural and glial cells derived from them at a later time. We used an inducible cre‐loxP approach to genetically label the cells which relies on crossing mice expressing a tamoxifen‐inducible creER transgene from ngn1 promoter elements to a reporter strain containing a Rosa26 lacZ gene that is inactivated by a floxed stop signal. We have successfully labeled ngn1‐expressing progenitors in the DRG at E11.5 and have detected neural cells derived from these progenitors at E16.5. We are currently trying to detect cells that express the reporter and glial markers at E16.5 and P21. Supported by grants from NCRR (P20RR016460) and NIGMS (P20 GM103429) at NIH, and an undergraduate research award from ASBMB.
Determining the Role of neurogenin1 in the Development of the Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion
Authors: Bauer‐Erickson Jonathan , Shrum Stephen , Murray Richard
Published: June 2021

Neurogenin1 (ngn1) is required for the development of one sub‐type of neuron in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) since ngn1 knockout mice specifically lack nociceptive neurons. This shows that ngn1 is required for neural development but does not indicate whether it is involved in neural vs. glial fate determination in nociceptive progenitors or if it participates in neural sub‐type specification. Because an analogous gene in the olfactory system (mash1) plays a role in neural fate determination, we hypothesize that ngn1 functions in neural vs. glial fate determination in the DRG. To test this hypothesis, we compared the expression of known cell‐type specific markers to determine the developmental fate of cells in the absence of ngn1 function. If ngn1 is involved in neural fate determination we expected to see a decrease in the proportion of nociceptors and an increase in the proportion of glial cells in the knockout mice relative to their wild‐type littermates. Gene expression was analyzed on transverse tissue sections from embryonic day (E) 10‐12.5 as this encompasses the onset of ngn1 expression in the DRG and the peak of DRG neurogenesis. We performed in situ hybridization using cell‐type specific probes to detect neural crest progenitor cells, sensory neuron sub‐types, and glial cells. Our current data is consistent with ngn1 functioning in neural fate determination as we have observed a specific decrease in trkA‐expressing nociceptors (trkB‐ and trkC‐expressing neurons are not affected) and an increase in the expression of sox10 (progenitors and glial cells) and fabp7 (glial cells) in the DRG of ngn1 knockout mice. Supported by grants from NCRR (P20RR016460) and NIGMS (P20 GM103429) at NIH.
Burn‐injury Alters Brain Catecholamine Levels and β‐AR Signaling
Authors: El Ayadi Amina , Wang Ye , Guillory Ashley , Herndon David , Finnerty Celeste
Published: June 2021

The prefrontal cortex is the most evolved brain region sensitive to the detrimental effects of stress exposure. Burn injury causes a dramatic increase in systemic catecholamines (CAs) levels accompanied by a post‐burn hypermetabolic response and chronic activation of beta adrenergic (β‐AR)‐mediated signaling. While many have addressed the systemic effects of burn‐ induced CAs, to our knowledge, no one has looked at the central effects of burn‐induced stress. In this study we are analyzing the effect of burn injury on CAs levels and β‐AR signaling in the prefrontal cortex.

To this end, we used our rat burn scald model with a 60% total body surface area scald burn. Rats were burned according to established published procedures. The animals were sacrificed at 2,6, 24 hours and 1 week post‐burn. The brain immediately removed, dissected and stored at ‐80.

We used 3‐CAT ELISA kit to determine CAs levels, catch point assay to determine cAMP levels, and PKA activity was measured using a kit. Western blot analysis was used to analyze the β‐AR expression and downstream signaling targets.

We found that burn injury increases adrenaline levels at 2 and 6 hrs post‐burn while significantly decreasing noradrenaline levels at the same time points. PKA levels were significantly increased 7 days post‐burn. Levels of cAMP were not significant different. We analyzed the role of the β‐AR signaling following burn injury and found that β2‐AR levels were significantly increased 7 days. PKA levels were increased at 6hrs (P<0.001). The Gs levels were decreased at 6 hrs while the levels of Gi protein were initially decreased before increasing at 1 week post‐burn.

These data show that burn injury alters brain CAs and subsequent β‐AR signaling activation possibly via both the canonical and the non‐canonical pathways.
Calpain‐1 Knockout in Mice Causes Degeneration of Cerebellar Granule Cells and Ataxia
Authors: Lopez Dulce , Pinto Vanessa , Wang Yubin , Liu Yan , Seinfeld Jeffrey , Bi Xiaoning , Baudry Michel
Published: June 2021

Abnormal apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of human neurodegenerative disorders, such as spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), an inherited disease with progressive deterioration of gait and balance, associated with neuronal loss in cerebellum. A recent study reported that SCA in the Parson Russell Terrier dog breed was associated with a calpain‐1 null mutation. Contrary to the established view that overactivation of calpains, a family of calcium‐dependent proteases, leads to neurodegeneration, recent results have shown that synaptic N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR)‐mediated calpain‐1 activation produces neuroprotection via degradation of PH domain and Leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1), and stimulation of the pro‐survival Protein Kinase B (Akt). Here, we report that the number of apoptotic neurons in various brain structures, including cerebellum, is higher in calpain‐1 knock out (CAPN1 KO) mice, as compared to wild‐type (wt) mice during the postnatal period (P7‐P10). Adult CAPN1 KO mice exhibited reduced granule cell density and impaired motor function. PHLPP1 was increased and p‐Akt decreased in cerebellum of CAPN1 KO mice, as compared to wt mice during postnatal development. Systemic injection (P1‐P7) of Bisperoxo Oxovanadate Dipotassium (BPV), an indirect activator of Akt, as well as crossing CAPN1 KO mice with PHLPP1 KO mice, rescued Akt activation, reduced apoptosis in the developing cerebellum, resulting in increased granule cell survival and improvement of motor function in adult mice. These findings further support the notion that CAPN1 is neuroprotective and suggests that it is a new candidate gene for ataxia.

Funded by NINDS grant P0INS045260‐01.
SETDB2 Mediates Metabolic Stress in Liver
Authors: Roqueta‐Rivera Manuel , Phelan Peter , Khorasanizadeh Sepideh , Osborne Timothy
Published: June 2021

SET‐domain containing methyltransferases are important regulators of gene expression and metabolic homeostasis. SETDB2 is part of the Suv3‐9 group of SET domain methyltransferases, but little is known about its physiological role. Using adenoviral constructs for hepatic SETDB2 knockdown and overexpression, our studies reveal a role for SETDB2 in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)‐mediated stress response of liver during starvation and tissue injury. SETDB2 is the most highly induced SET‐domain methyltransferase in livers of starved mice and its expression is robustly increased by glucocorticoids, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, SETDB2 expression increases acutely with drug‐induced liver injury. Gene expression profiling of mouse primary hepatocytes deficient in SETDB2 shows blunted expression of stress‐related GR‐dependent genes. In vivo, hepatic SETDB2 knockdown also blunts expression of GR targets stimulated by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX). Glucocorticoids are known to exacerbate liver injury induced by CCl4; this injury is attenuated in mice with SETDB2 knockdown. SETDB2 overexpression induces stress‐related GR‐targets and causes liver damage, a phenotype not observed with a mutated SETDB2 construct predicted to lack methylation activity. Co‐IP studies show SETDB2 and GR interact in the nucleus following DEX treatment in hepatocytes. DEX also increases SETDB2 enrichment at liver GRE sites as shown by SETDB2‐ChIP experiments and studies are in progress to determine how SETDB2 alters GR activity. In summary, SETDB2 plays a role in mediating glucocorticoid‐mediated stress responses in liver likely through interaction with GR, thus influencing gene expression and metabolic homeostasis in stressed conditions.
Nuclear Export of Yersinia YopM is Mediated by DEAD Box Helicase DDX3 and Regulates Phosphorylation of Nuclear RSK1
Authors: Berneking Laura , Schnapp Marie , Rumm Andreas , Trasak Claudia , Perbandt Markus , Kikhney Alexey , Svergun Dmitri , Buck Friedrich , Betzel Christian , Hentschke Moritz , Aepfelbacher Martin
Published: June 2021

YopM is an effector protein of Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. pestis that becomes translocated into target cells by the bacterial type three secretion system and strongly contributes to Yersinia's pathogenicity. Well accepted intracellular activities of the leucin rich repeat (LRR) protein YopM are formation of a complex with the kinases RSK and PKN, which leads to hyperphosphorylation of RSK and accumulation in the nucleus. We identified the DEAD‐box helicase DDX3 as novel interaction partner of YopM and show that YopM and DDX3 form a 2:1 complex, in which two YopM molecules form an interaction surface for DDX3 at their overlapping N‐terminal LRRs. Both, knockdown of DDX3 and inhibition of the exportin CRM1 caused accumulation of YopM in the nucleus, indicating that DDX3 shuttles YopM out of the nucleus via the CRM1 export pathway. YopM induced an increased phosphorylation of RSK1 within the nucleus and blockage of its nuclear export through inhibition of DDX3 or CRM1 further strongly enhanced nuclear RSK1 phosphorylation. These data indicate that YopM is exported from the nucleus by DDX3 and through the ensuing nucleocytoplasmic shuttling the YopM level within the nucleus can be fine tuned. A tight control of YopM's level in the nucleus may be important because it determines phosphorylation and thereby activity of nuclear RSK1, which in turn affects transcription of numerous genes i.e. involved in cell proliferation, ‐cycle and ‐survival.
Estrogen‐Related Receptor (ERR)α Negatively Regulates Expression of the 40S Ribosomal S6 Kinase 1 (p70 S6K1) in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Holz Marina , Manna Subrata , Alayev Anya , Applebaum Kayla
Published: June 2021

rEstrogen related receptor alpha (ERRa) is an orphan nuclear receptor that plays important role in the metabolic activities and proliferation of cancer cells. We investigated the role of ERRa in regulating the expression of 40S Ribosomal S6 Kinase 1 (S6K1) in breast cancer cells. First, using RT‐qPCR and immunoblotting we found that ERRa overexpression in estrogen receptor (ER) positive MCF7 cells results in decreased S6K1 expression and activity. Conversely, downregulation of ERRa expression resulted in increased S6K1 expression and activity in ER‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Second, overexpression of ERRa in MCF7 cells also resulted in decreased transcriptional activity of the RPS6KB1 gene promoter as revealed by luciferase reporter assay. On the other hand, ERRa knockdown in MDA‐MB‐231 cells resulted in increased promoter activity. Third, because the proximal 1 kilobase (Kb) promoter region of S6K1 contains several putative estrogen receptor DNA binding elements (EREs), we investigated whether ERRa modulates S6K1 expression by direct promoter binding using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) technique. We detected two binding peaks approximately 300 and 600 kb away from the transcription start site (TSS). In addition, we showed that downregulation of ERRa caused increased cell proliferation and sensitivity to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Surprisingly, tamoxifen treatment increased the proliferative capacity of these cells. Overall, our data indicate that ERRα regulates S6K1 expression and affects the sensitivity to rapamycin and tamoxifen. Our long‐term goal is to establish ERRa as a marker for endocrine and rapamycin therapy response, as well as a novel target in combination therapy approaches.
Social Support and Depressive Symptoms Predict Adherence To Iron And Folic Acid Supplements Among Pregnant Women In Rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Matare C , Mbuya M , Dickin K , Humphrey J , Stoltzfus R
Published: June 2021

Prenatal iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements reduce low birth weight and maternal anemia, a risk factor for maternal mortality. However, many women who receive IFA through antenatal care (ANC) do not adhere to the recommended doses. We tested the hypotheses that depressive symptoms (DS), perceived social support (PSS) and perceived physical health (PPH) are associated with IFA adherence. Participants were 1760 pregnant women in rural Zimbabwe and enrolled in the SHINE trial. We assessed DS, PSS and PPH at enrolment (<24 weeks gestation) and advised women to seek ANC. IFA adherence (>5 pills/wk) was measured in the 3rd trimester by 7‐day recall. At this visit, 1693 (96.5%) women had attended ANC and 1461 (83%) received IFA. We used separate logistic regression models to explore associations between IFA adherence and each of the psychosocial factors, controlling for education, economic status, HIV status and parity. The causal steps approach was used to test possible mediation. On average, women took IFA 5.4 times/wk, and 67.3% took >5 pills in the past week. Women with higher PSS were more likely to adhere (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.04‐1.64) and those with higher levels of DS were less likely to adhere (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.70‐0.96). DS mediated the link between PSS and IFA adherence, and similarly PSS mediated the link between DS and IFA adherence. PPH was not associated with adherence. Social support and mental health are modifiable correlates of IFA adherence in Zimbabwean women. Efforts to improve the psychosocial context of pregnant women could strengthen IFA interventions.
Sustainable Diets: Understanding Nutrition Educator Perceptions
Authors: Wyatt Melissa , Martinez Cathy , Pope Benjamin , Sandoval Gabriela , Franklin Alexandra , Turner Rachel , Hongu Nobuko
Published: June 2021

It is unknown how nutritionists incorporate information on sustainable diets (SD) while teaching about food choices. The purpose of this study was to explore current thoughts and knowledge of SD in nutrition educators. Focus group interviews were conducted to obtain perceptions of SD among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education Program and Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program nutritionists as well as a variety of academic and research focused nutrition educators (n=11). Open‐ended questions were developed on the topics of: importance of SD to them and teaching SD to their audiences as nutritionists, tools needed for teaching SD, barriers to practicing or teaching SD, fitting SD into the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, thoughts on SD and local agriculture, and cultural influences that need to be accounted for in teaching SD. The data were coded, and then categorized. Results showed four overarching themes: (1) potential for improved health of people following a SD, (2) affordability and accessibility issues of following a SD for the general population (i.e. costs and availability of fresh fruits and vegetables), (3) identifying culture as highly influential in accepting and practicing a SD (e.g. fitting sustainable food choices, such as limiting animal products, into a certain culture), and (4) need for nutrition educators to be trained on SD topics to be better informed and able to teach the topic to their audiences. The results have provided insights into the thoughts of nutrition educators and how they understand SD.
Organic and Conventional Strawberry: Nutritional, Physical‐chemical, Antioxidant, and Pesticide Residues Composition.
Authors: Costa Neuza , Kobi Helia , Silva Pollyanna , Souza Jacimar
Published: June 2021

Conventional agriculture, based on the use of chemical, mechanical and biological inputs, can affect the environment and human health and, in view of this, sustainable models of organic production have been proposed. The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional, physical‐chemical and antioxidant properties and pesticide residues of strawberries grown under organic or conventional systems. Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) cultivar Camarosa were produced in conventional or organic systems, under controlled agricultural conditions. Their compositions were analyzed regarding moisture, protein, carbohydrate, lipids, ash, pH, soluble solids, total solids, total titratable acidity, vitamin C, anthocyanin, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and pesticide residues (azoxystrobin, lambda‐cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam).The organic strawberries showed higher moisture (91.48 vs 91.03 mg/100g) and ash (0.43 vs 0.35 mg/100g) contents, while conventional strawberries had higher total solids (8.98 vs 8.53%), soluble solids (8.50 vs 8.13 °Brix), Protein (0.93 vs 0.75 mg/100g) and carbohydrate (6.80 vs 6.44 mg/100g). The pesticide residues in organic strawberry were below the limit of detection (<LOD) and the values in the conventional strawberries were below the limit of quantification (<LOQ). Under controlled crop production, the cultivation system did not affect substantially the nutritional, physical‐chemical and antioxidant properties and pesticide residues of strawberry.

Acknowledgement: FAPES for financial support.
Preventing Childhood Obesity through Healthy Diet, Physical, and Stress‐Reduction Activities
Authors: Nondi Gopa , Houston Julia , Frongillo Edward
Published: June 2021

The prevalence of child obesity is increasing in many countries, highlighting the need to educate children and to make them a priority population for obesity prevention. There is limited information about how to best engage children in comprehensive programs that include gardening, cooking, and physical and stress‐reduction activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate engaging children in healthy diet, physical, and stress‐reduction activities to encourage behavior changes to address childhood obesity. The participants were children ages 8 to 17 years old (n=20). The 2‐week health education program included food safety, water intake, physical activity, energy intake, fast food, body mass index, eating disorders, cooking, overall health, and family meal times. Pre‐ and post‐tests were administered to measure changes in participants' knowledge, attitude, and perception about health, and their learning experience was reported. The McNemar test was used to assess changes over time. Participants' knowledge, attitude, and perception regarding nutrition education and positive body image increased after the intervention. Participants learned about healthy food choices, gained increased knowledge of fresh food markets, and realized the benefits of physical activities and gardening. Participants reported they enjoyed healthy cooking and stress‐reduction activities. Our findings demonstrate that this short term intervention could impact knowledge about nutrition information and encourage healthy lifestyle. Additional research should investigate the continued effectiveness of a comprehensive healthy‐living initiative.
Short Pictorial Vegetable Behavioral Scale Demonstrates Convergent Validity with MyPlate Cup Equivalents of Vegetables
Authors: Townsend Marilyn , Shilts Mical , Styne Dennis , Drake Christiana , Aden Christopher , Ontai Lenna
Published: June 2021

Valid evaluation tools are needed, particularly for low‐literate participants of federal food assistance and education programs. Our objective is to provide evidence of convergent validity for a 9‐item pictorial vegetable behavioral assessment for use by these federal programs. Parents (n=144) from Head Start and Supplemental Food for Women, Infants and Children [WIC] provided parent self‐administered Healthy Kids (HK) and three child 24‐hour diet recalls. The 9‐scale [recoded to the healthy direction] produced an alpha of .83. This scale was positively related to a sum of the volume of vegetables in cup equivalents for dinner from the food logs. Linear regression identified the strongest predictor items using cup equivalents as the outcome [r=.54, p<.00001]. Spearman correlations produced significant unweighted results [r=.40, p<.0001]. The scale was significantly related to hypothesized nutrients: folate, Vitamin C, soluble fiber, beta‐carotene. The resulting short pictorial assessment with low‐respondent burden may be useful in evaluating vegetable behaviors among low‐literate program participants.

Supported by National Research Initiative (NRI) #2009‐55215‐05019 & Agriculture and food Research Initiative (AFRI) #2010‐85215‐20658 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Human Nutrition and Obesity 93330.
Sources and Knowledge of Calcium Consumption: the Lactose Intolerant versus Tolerant among Selected Groups
Authors: Bai Yeon , Wunderlcih Shahla , Chung Samuel , Tomioka Michiko
Published: June 2021

Calcium is an essential nutrient for health. While infants and toddlers often consume calcium in their diets, the average intakes of calcium decrease with age. Studies show young adults and Asian populations are at risk for low calcium (Ca) intake. An adequate intake of Ca is challenging for lactose intolerant populations. The purpose of this study was to compare and explore the knowledge and food sources of calcium between lactose intolerant (LI) and tolerant (LT) individuals. A convenient sample (n=110), college students from a public university and Asian‐Americans from a local church, participated in the study. The survey asked demographics and weekly consumption of calcium containing foods. In addition, participants were asked to complete 3‐day food diary. Descriptive and content analyses, and t‐tests were performed. The Nutrition Data System for Research was used to evaluate the food diary. The average daily calcium intake was 672 (SD 387) mg for both groups. The results showed that the most popular responses for knowledge regarding calcium function, sources are similar between LI and LT population: e.g. calcium function relates to bone/teeth health/strength/growth=83.4 vs. 74.4% (LI vs. LT), dairy and anchovy for calcium sources= 41.7 vs. 25.6% (LI vs. LT). Fluid milk consumption was significantly different between LI and LT (1.2 vs. 2.24 servings/week, p<0.05). Other calcium containing food consumption was similar (LI vs. LT, servings/week, p>0.05): yogurt (1.4 vs. 1.96), cheese (1.8 vs. 2.53), calcium fortified juice (1.35 vs. 1.05), and ice cream (0.38 vs. 0.69). Calcium intakes were low regardless of lactose tolerance condition. Nutrition education on various calcium containing foods and their functions are needed to improve the intake among young adults and Asian population.
EVALUATION OF THE LIFE QUALITY OF COLLEGE STUDENTS WHO LIVE WITHOUT THE PRESENCE OF THE PARENTS OR GUARDIANS AT THE CITY OF SÃO PAULO – BRAZIL
Authors: Chaud Daniela , Reis Camille , Santos Anne Karoline , Morimoto Juliana
Published: June 2021

The life quality of 120 college students of both genders (female: 64%), was evaluated through WHOQOL‐BREF method from World Health Organization. A questionnaire developed considering healthy matters, sleep quality and duration, physical activity, smoking, alcoholic beverage consumption and frequency of food consumption was also utilized. The classification of nutritional status was determined through Body Mass Index (BMI) by refered weigh and height. The majority of the students were single (95%) with the average of 22 years old. It was observed that the environment domain, psychological and physical (WHOQOL‐) the region off uncertainty predominated in all (62,5%, 55% and 44,2% respectively). On social relations matter, the success domain prevailed 69,2%. The frequency of food consumption evinced that the majority don't consume milk (30,83%), the rejection index for leafy and greens was low as well for fruits. In regards to sleep (86,6%), it was observed 5‐8 hours a day with a good quality of sleep (79%). Most students didn't smoke (80%)and 73,3% consumed some type of alcoholic beverage. Were done 4‐6 meals a day by 55% of the college students. Most of the respondents (75%) were eutrophic and only 20% overweight. The most related health complaints were somnolence and back ache (53%, 44% respectively). It was concluded that the life quality of college students whom live without the parents or guardians was not considered satisfactory.
The effect of exercise on iron absorption and incorporation in humans
Authors: Moretti Diego , Samuel Mettler , Christophe Zeder , Dorine Swinkels , Tjalsma Harold , Carsten Lundby , Zimmermann Michael
Published: June 2021

Introduction

It is unclear whether regular exercise results in higher iron requirements.

Aim

Assess the change in oral iron absorption and systemic utilization in humans induced by a training phase.

Material and Methods

Twelve generally health men were recruited for the study. Exclusion criteria were: chronic medications, recent blood donation, intake of mineral and vitamin supplements, Hb < 120 g/L, exercising more than 3 times per week (4 h in total). We measured iron bioavailability and its determinants with stable iron isotopes quantified 14 days after administration in red blood cells.

Results

Ten subjects completed the study. Hemoglobin mass increased by 3.3% with training (P<0.05). We found higher EPO and higher IL‐6, (both P<0.05) in a post training blood sample compared to control, which resulted in an overall effect of decreasing hepcidin with training (P<0.05). Iron absorption was 14.2% during a resting phase and 16.2% (P for difference, n.s.) during the training phase, consistent with decreased hepcidin post‐training versus control.

Conclusion

Hepcidin concentrations decreased with training and with training‐induced erythropoietic drive despite an acute increase of inflammatory markers (IL‐6) during training, consistent with an observed (n.s.) increase in iron bioavailability. This study suggests that moderate aerobic exercise to counteract potential inflammatory detrimental effects on iron absorption. Exercise induced erythropoietic drive may decrease inflammation induced iron sequestration in exercise.
Lifestyle of Brazilian Adults: Consumers and Non consumers of Yogurt
Authors: fisberg mauro , Possa Gabriela , Fisberg Regina
Published: June 2021

Objective:

To evaluate yogurt consumers and non‐consumers lifestyle in an adult sample of the city of São Paulo.

Methods:

2557 subjects were divided according to yogurt weekly intake in heavy yogurt consumers (蠅4 times a week) and non/low‐consumers of yogurt (less than once a week), paired by social economic level, age and gender. Trained interviewers collected data in household interviews. After applying a questionnaire about yogurt intake frequency, demographic and socioeconomic classification, those who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated on data about demographic information (education level, marital status and job characteristics), lifestyle characteristics (alcohol intake, smoking habit and level of physical activity), habitual food intake and presence of morbidity. Anthropometric evaluation was also performed.

Results:

Yogurt consumers had higher educational level, higher frequency of individuals working and/or currently studying, were more physically active at leisure time, and had reduced alcohol use, lower frequency of smoking and lower frequency of sedentary lifestyle, when compared to non‐consumers (p<0.05). Furthermore, yogurt consumers showed significantly higher daily intake of vitamins and minerals when compared to non‐consumers, despite no differences in body composition (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Yogurt consumption is associated with healthier lifestyle in Brazilian adults.
Association of Nut Consumption and Lung Cancer Risk in a Large Population‐based Case‐control Study
Authors: Lee Jennifer , Lam Tram , Consonni Dario , Pesatori Agnela , Bertazzi Pier , Landi Maria
Published: June 2021

Increased nut consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer. No study has examined the association between nut consumption and lung cancer risk. We investigated the association of nut consumption (walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, or peanuts) with lung cancer risk in the Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology (EAGLE), a population‐based case‐control study. Primary lung cancer cases (n=2101) were enrolled within the Lombardy region of Italy and matched (on gender, residence, and age) to randomly selected controls (n=2120). Diet was assessed in 1903 cases and 2073 controls. Multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for sex‐specific quintiles of intake were calculated using unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for putative confounders. Nut consumption was statistically associated with reduced risk of lung cancer (ORQ5‐vs‐Q1=0.73;95% CI:0.57‐0.94) and similar statistically significant associations were observed across histological subtypes. The protective association was strongest among ever smokers who smoked 蠄15 cigarettes per day (ORQ5‐vs‐Q1=0.59,95% CI=0.39‐0.90); no significant association, however, was observed for ever‐smokers who smoked >15 cigarettes per day (ORQ5‐vs‐Q1=0.80,95% CI=0.58‐1.10). In summary, we observed an inverse association between nut consumption and lung cancer risk. Our findings suggest a stronger benefit for light smokers. Further research on this relationship is warranted in prospective cohort studies.
Dietary Flavonoid Intake is Associated with an Anti‐atherogenic Blood Lipid Profile
Authors: Kim Kijoon , Vance Terrence , Chun Ock K.
Published: June 2021

There is evidence that greater intake of dietary flavonoids is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although metabolic syndrome constitutes a major risk factor of CVD, studies have generally not examined whether metabolic syndrome is associated with flavonoid intake. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between dietary flavonoid intake and metabolic syndrome parameters and related biomarkers. Flavonoid intake was estimated using the USDA flavonoid database and food consumption data of U.S. adults 蠅 19 years of age from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007‐2012 (n = 2478). Outcome measures in this study included metabolic syndrome parameters, total cholesterol (TC), serum triglycerides (TG) to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) ratio (TG/HDL‐C), and TC/HDL‐C. Relationships between flavonoid intake and outcome measures were assessed using linear and logistic regression models adjusted for energy and relevant confounders. TG, TG/HDL‐C and TC/HDL‐C were inversely associated with total dietary flavonoid intake (p < 0.05), which suggests that greater flavonoid intake may be associated with a reduced risk of CVD. However, waist circumference, blood pressure, TC, HDL‐C, and fasting glucose were not significantly associated with flavonoid intake. These results indicate that greater dietary flavonoid intake is associated with a more favorable lipid profile, but not with metabolic syndrome parameters. This study provides a basis for further research on relationship between flavonoid intake and CVD.
Maternal Mental Health Symptoms are Positively Related to Emotional and Restrained Eating Attitudes in a Statewide Sample of WIC Participants
Authors: Emerson Jillian , Hurley Kristen , Caulfield Laura , Black Maureen
Published: June 2021

The objective is to examine the association between maternal mental health and emotional and restrained eating attitudes. Data on 700 mothers of infants < 1 y from a statewide sample of the Maryland Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participants were collected via a telephone survey. Maternal mental health symptoms were measured on continuous scales for depression (PRIME‐MD), stress (Perceived Stress Scale), and anxiety (Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory). Emotional and restrained eating were measured with questions adapted from the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, with respondents scoring in the upper quartile categorized as high emotional or restrained eating. Multivariate logistic regression was used in the analysis, adjusting for race/ethnicity, infant age, education level, and marital status. Mothers reporting emotional eating reported higher symptoms of depression (OR=4.65; 95% CI 3.12‐6.95), anxiety (OR=2.36; 95% CI 1.7‐3.23), stress (OR= 2.35; 95% CI 1.82‐3.01), and higher overall mental health symptomology (OR= 4.58; 95% CI 2.94‐7.15). There were significant associations between odds of higher restrained eating and symptoms of depression (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.14‐2.27). Mothers who report symptoms of depression, stress, and anxiety are at risk for emotional and restrained eating attitudes, which may increase their risk of a poor diet. These findings underscore the need for greater focus on addressing mental health symptomology to promote healthy eating attitudes in the postpartum period. The study was funded by the Maryland WIC Program.
Women's Motivations for Eating
Authors: Jahns Lisa , Stote Kim , Madanat Hala , Cole Renee
Published: June 2021

The Motivation for Eating Scale (MFES) evaluates the primary motivation for eating initiation. The objective of this study was to examine energy intake by MFES categories and subscale scores across four seasons.

Fifty‐four women ages 40‐60 y completed the MFES four times in one year, once each season, and online diet recalls every 10 days. Participants were classified as physical, environmental/social, or emotional eaters. Seasonal differences in MFES subscale mean scores were tested using a mixed linear model and a multi‐level model was used to predict energy intake across the seasons.

Sixty‐five percent of women were primarily categorized as physical eaters, 30% as environmental/social eaters and only 6% as emotional eaters. There was no difference in mean yearly energy intake between physical and environmental/social eaters (P = 0.21). Seasonally, only the emotional eating subscale varied significantly and was greater in summer than in the winter (P = 0.002) or spring (P = 0.007) but it was not a significant predictor of energy intake (P = 0.96); nor was the physical subscale (P = 0.30). The environmental/social subscale was positively associated with energy intake across seasons (P = 0.008).

Over one‐third of participants were influenced by environmental/social or emotional reasons for eating. The lack of association between MFES categories and energy intake may be due to variability within the subscales. Examining changes in subscales, not dominant categories, may be a better indicator of seasonal differences in motivation for eating and dietary intake.

Support: USDA‐ARS 3062‐51000‐051‐00D.
Seafood Intake of US Adults
Authors: Jahns Lisa , Raatz Susan , Johnson LuAnn , Kranz Sibylle , Silverstein Jeffrey , Picklo Matthew
Published: June 2021

Background

Current federal dietary guidance recommends regular consumption of seafood (fish + shellfish) for health; however, little is known about how well Americans meet guidelines, particularly population subgroups.

Objectives:

To describe prevalence of seafood consumption and, among consumers, amounts of any seafood, fish, and shellfish eaten by subgroups of Americans (sex, age group, income and education level, and race‐ethnicity). Seafood intake was also compared to federal guidance.

Methods:

Data from the WWEIA, NHANES survey years 2005‐2010 were analyzed using logistic regression to test whether consumers (%) varied within subgroups. Usual intake methodology estimated amounts consumed and differences within subgroups were tested using Z‐tests.

Results:

Of US adults 19+, 84% reported consuming seafood over the past 30 days, 74% reported fish, and 54% reported shellfish. Younger age and lower income and education levels were associated with lower odds of being a seafood consumer (P < 0.0001). In seafood consumers, the average amount eaten was 22.6 ± 0.8 g/d. Women and individuals of lower age and education levels consumed less. Similar patterns were seen when subgroups were stratified by sex. 78% ‐ 92% of adults did not meet federal recommendations when estimated by energy requirements.

Conclusions

Americans have sub optimal levels of seafood intake; interventions to increase frequency and amount of seafood consumption, especially in the lowest‐consuming subgroups, are critically needed.

This study was funded by USDA‐ARS 3062‐51000‐051‐00D and USDA‐NIFA AFRI 2014‐67017‐21758.
Association Between Phosphorus Intake and Bone Health in the NHANES Population
Authors: Cho Susan , Lee Albert
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study is to provide reliable estimates of independent associations between intakes of phosphorus (P) and bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), as well as the odds ratio (OR) of osteoporosis with quartiles of P intake adjusted for covariates. Data came from males and females aged 13‐99 years who participated in the 2005‐2010 NHANES dietary survey, which includes a representative sample of the non‐institutionalized population of the United States. Our analysis shows that higher calcium (Ca) intake levels are associated with higher P intake and that dietary Ca:P ratios (0.51‐0.62, with an adult population mean of 0.60) were adequate in all age/gender groups. We adjusted for age, gender, BMI, andintakes of calcium, protein, total dairy foods, and vitamin D. Flags were used to denote use of supplemental Ca, vitamin D, and multivitamins/minerals. High consumption of P was positively associated with BMC in female teens (Q4 vs. Q1: BMC, 30.9±1.09 vs. 29.0±0.49 g, P=0.001). High intake of dietary P was also positively associated with BMC and BMD and with reduced risk of osteoporosis in adults older than 20 years (Q4 vs. Q1: OR of osteoporosis, 0.55 [95% confidence interval, 0.39, 0.79] vs. 1.00, P=0.001; BMC, 37.5±0.39 vs. 36.70±0.11 g, P=0.004; BMD, 0.986±0.004 vs. 0.976±0.002 g/cm2, P=0.03). The data support our hypothesis that high P intake not only has no adverse effect on bone metabolism in populations with adequate Ca intake, but also is associated with improved bone parameters in some age/gender groups.
Novel Natural Compounds with Potential to Prevent and Treat Skeletal Muscle Atrophy
Authors: Torrent A , Montell E. , Vergés J. , Dalmau P. , Ruhí R. , Swiderski K. , Church J.E. , Baum D.M. , Lynch G.S.
Published: June 2021

Objective:

Chronic muscle inactivity and mechanical unloading (e.g. bed rest and cast immobilization) result in skeletal wasting and weakness. Muscle weakness is also an early and frequent finding in knee Osteoarthritis (OA) and is a risk factor of OA onset. There is a profound need to develop novel therapeutic strategies because current treatments are ineffective. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of two natural substances to combat muscle atrophy: an extract from rooster comb, IB0004 that contains mainly hyaluronic acid; and BIX003, another extract from porcine cartilage, rich in bioactive substances.

Methods:

An assay was performed to evaluate the potential to stimulate proliferation of murine C2C12 muscle cells. In another experiment, we evaluated whether IB0004 or BIX003 could prevent muscle atrophy (i.e. myotube thickness).

Results:

IB0004 and BIX003 exerted little effect on cell proliferation in 10% FBS growth serum, but they significantly stimulated proliferation in low‐serum media after 48 hours treatment (131% and 48% increase, respectively). In addition, treatments with either extract were able to counteract myotube atrophy when compared with the 0% control, as evident from prevention of the 20% reduction in myotube width.

Conclusion

These data indicate that BIX003 and IB0004 have potential anabolic effects on muscle that could counteract cell atrophy under adverse conditions. Both preparations may have therapeutic potential for preventing atrophy in muscle wasting conditions such as disuse atrophy, sarcopenia, and other disorders. Further studies in animal models should be performed to confirm these results.