bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real‐time diagnosing polymer processing in injection molding using ultrasound
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Lai Yu , Pei Chen , Jen Cheng‐Kui , Wu Kuo‐Ding
Published: July 2012

Ultrasonic diagnosing technique with a new high‐temperature ultrasonic transducer is developed to real‐time diagnose polymer processing and its morphology changes in injection molding processing. Compared with the previous researches, the new technique can provide more and accurate information. In this study, ultrasound diagnosis shows that longitudinal wave can real‐time characterize the data of the injection process and polymer morphology changes, including melt flow arrival time, the part ejection time, filling and packing stages, polymer solidification process, and the morphology changes during polymer crystallization. Shear waves can real‐time diagnose Young's and shear storage modulus, anisotropy property of polymer in injection molding. During our research, real‐time ultrasonic diagnosis shows that the storage modulus along the vertical direction is larger than that of the parallel to the melt flow direction under our setup injection conditions. Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis measurements present that it is because the crystalline lamellas of HDPE are parallel arrangement and grow in a vertical to melt flow direction owing to injection shear force under a certain injection conditions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Development and preparation of high‐performance thermoplastic vulcanizates based on blends of natural rubber and thermoplastic polyurethanes
Authors: Kalkornsurapranee Ekwipoo , Nakason Charoen , Kummerlöwe Claudia , Vennemann Norbert
Published: July 2012

Natural rubber (NR)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends were prepared with a dynamic vulcanization technique. The main objective was to prepare high‐performance thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on natural rubber [thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR)] with low hardness values and improved thermal and mechanical properties. In this study, the preparation of dynamically cured NR/TPU blends was carried out systematically, and the final properties were compared to those of typical commercial TPVs. The influence of sulfur‐cured systems, accelerator types, process parameters, and rubber types were investigated. The developed NR/TPU‐based TPNRs showed better tensile strengths and thermal properties than commercial TPVs with similar hardnesses. Moreover, the epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)/TPU‐based TPNRs exhibited a low compression set. The incorporation of NR into the TPU reduced the Shore A hardness to about 60 in comparison to a value of about 85 for the neat TPU; the blends also showed improved oil resistance (oil swelling = 12%) in comparison to commercial TPVs with similar hardnesses. The experimental results indicate that high‐performance TPNRs with low hardness values could be prepared with the proper conditions developed in this study. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The electrospun polyamide 6 nanofiber membranes used as high efficiency filter materials: Filtration potential, thermal treatment, and their continuous production
Authors: Guibo Yin , Qing Zhao , Yahong Zhao , Yin Yuan , Yumin Yang
Published: July 2012

In this article, polyamide (PA) 6 was dissolved in 98 wt % formic acids with a concentration of 13 wt %, and then the electrospun PA 6 nanofiber membranes were prepared. The filtration potential of the nanofiber membranes were firstly analyzed based on the scanning electron microscope images and pore size measurements, and then the effects of thermal treatment on the dimensional stability were studied. Subsequently, the continuous production process based on the above experiments and the deposition areas of the nanofibers on the collecting meshes was designed. Finally, the mechanical properties and the filtration performances of the electrospun PA 6 nanofiber membranes were assessed. The results showed the membranes with a thickness of 71 μm (electrospinning for 15 min) had good filtration potential for the microparticles with 0.3 μm diameter. After being treated by tension and relaxation heat setting, the membranes demonstrated excellent dimensional stability, the breaking tenacity, and the elongation reached 4.71 ± 1.66 MPa and (69.97 ± 6.56)%, respectively. The permeability decreased with the increase of the membranes thickness. However, the permeability of membranes with (72.9 ± 1.04) μm thickness still maintained 516 L/m2 s, and the actual filtration efficiency of 0.3 μm particles reached 99.98%. The above results showed that the membranes fabricated by the continuous production process could meet the demands of high efficiency filtration and provide a reference for the industrial use of electrospun nanofiber membranes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
An investigation into surface modification of polyethylene films for hydrophilicity enhancement by catalytic ozonation
Authors: Mastan Erlita , Wu Jiangning , Doan Huu
Published: July 2012

For a conventional polyethylene film, ozonation was conducted to increase its surface hydrophilicity. Copper sulfate was found effective as a catalyst in aqueous ozonation to increase the generation of surface peroxides significantly, which is the essential step for hydrophilicity enhancement. The percentage increase in peroxide generation could range from 41% to 58% by aqueous catalytic ozonation over its noncatalyzed gaseous counterpart. The optimum concentration of copper sulfate was found to be 0.05 g/L. After adding the catalyst, the length of ozonation could be significantly reduced so that the bulk mechanical strength of the films, represented by tensile strength, could be well preserved after ozonation. A novel kinetic model for the aqueous ozonation was proposed. This model was developed by combing the reaction mechanism of gaseous ozonation of polyethylene films with that of ozone self‐decomposition in water. The peroxide generation also increased with the applied ozone dose. The surface morphology and contact angle of the film were all examined before and after ozonation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/halloysite nanotubes nanocomposites: The structures, properties, and tensile fracture behaviors
Authors: Tang Xue‐Gang , Hou Meng , Zou Jin , Truss Rowan
Published: July 2012

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) nanocomposites with good dispersion were prepared. The effect of HNTs on the crystalline structure, dynamic rheological properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and tensile properties was investigated. Results showed that at low concentration, the effect of HNTs on the modulus was minor. However, at high concentration, improvement of the modulus can be observed. The tensile fracture behaviors were investigated, which showed that the addition of HNTs changed the fracture mode. When the concentration of HNTs was 20 phr, a fracture mode change from microductility/brittle to brittle/fibrillation occurred. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Evaluation of a nanocomposite hydrogel for water shut‐off in enhanced oil recovery applications: Design, synthesis, and characterization
Authors: Tongwa Paul , Nygaard Runar , Bai Baojun
Published: July 2012

This work involves the synthesis of a nanocomposite hydrogel from just polymer and clay without the use of conventional organic crosslinkers. Conventional hydrogel design usually involves a multicomponent reaction that incorporates monomer (or polymer), initiator, and an organic crosslinker. However, because of the many limitations, setbacks, and inconsistencies involved with organic crosslinkers, authors herein present a nanocomposite hydrogel that incorporates polymer and clay only. It was found that these hydrogels show surprising mechanical toughness, tensile moduli, and tensile strengths. Study of gel behavior reveal physical interaction between polymer and clay, due in part to adsorption of polymer chains onto clay surface and ionic interactions between anionic carboxylate groups of polymer chains and positive clay surface. X‐ray diffraction patterns and Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed the formation of intercalated and exfoliated clay morphology. Increase in clay concentration and gel strength had a direct proportionality. The effect of clay concentration on hydrogel decomposition temperature was also reported by thermogravimetric analysis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Novel epoxidized hyperbranched poly(phenylene oxide): Synthesis and application as a modifier for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A
Authors: Lv Jianyong , Meng Yan , He Lifan , Qiu Teng , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Haiqiao
Published: July 2012

A novel epoxidized hyperbranched poly(phenylene oxide) (EHPPO) is designed and synthesized successfully. The structure of EHPPO is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra‐ and quantitative 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. The synthesized EHPPO is added into diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A as a modifier in different ratios to form hybrids and cured by an anhydride curing agent. Effects of EHPPO addition on the properties of the cured hybrids are investigated. Thermal mechanical analysis results suggest that addition of EHPPO can increase the free volume of the cured hybrid materials. Dynamic mechanical analysis characterizations show that the crosslinking density increases with the increase in EHPPO content. Furthermore, addition of EHPPO results in an improvement in thermal and mechanical properties. The toughening mechanism is also discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
T lymphocytes and muscle condition act like seeds and soil in a murine polymyositis model
Authors: Okiyama Naoko , Sugihara Takahiko , Oida Takatoku , Ohata Junko , Yokozeki Hiroo , Miyasaka Nobuyuki , Kohsaka Hitoshi
Published: July 2012

Objective

It has been reported that polymyositis (PM) is driven by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The C protein–induced myositis (CIM) model we have established is similar to PM in pathology except that it undergoes spontaneous remission. We undertook the present study to delineate the roles of innate and acquired immunity in myositis.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice were immunized with recombinant C protein fragments together with Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) and Toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligands at hind leg footpads and tail bases. CIM mediated by adoptive transfer of T cells to naive mice was treated with cytokine antagonists.

Results

Second immunization with C protein fragments revealed no induction of tolerance. Injection of CFA and TLR ligands at the hind leg footpads reinduced myositis in the same legs. Interestingly, initial myositis was observed only in the CFA‐treated forelegs. Transfer of C protein fragment–specific T cells from mice with CIM induced myositis in CFA‐ and TLR ligand–treated legs of recipient mice. CFA treatment resulted in the recruitment of macrophages producing inflammatory cytokines. Induction of myositis was inhibited by blocking interleukin‐1 receptor or tumor necrosis factor α.

Conclusion

Myositis development requires activation of autoaggressive T cells and conditioning of muscle tissue. CIM regression is due to attenuation of local CFA‐induced immune activation. These results are in accordance with a “seed and soil” model of disease development and might offer clues to decipher clinical aspects of PM.
The French conception of information science: “Une exception française”?
Authors: Ibekwe‐SanJuan Fidelia
Published: July 2012

The French conception of information science is often contrasted with the Anglophone one, which is perceived as different and rooted mainly in Shannon's mathematical theory of communication. While there is such a thing as a French conception of information science, this conception is not totally divorced from the Anglophone one. Unbeknownst to researchers from the two geographical and cultural regions, they share similar conceptions of the field and invoke similar theoretical foundations, in particular the socio‐constructivist theory. There is also a convergence of viewpoints on the dual nature of information science, i.e., the fact that it is torn between two competing paradigms—objectivist and subjectivist. Technology is another area where a convergence of viewpoints is noticeable: Scholars from both geographic and cultural zones display the same suspicion toward the role of technology and of computer science. It would therefore be misleading to uphold the view that Anglophone information science is essentially objectivist and technicist while the French conception is essentially social and rooted in the humanities. This paper highlights converging analyses from authors based in both linguistic and geographical regions with the aim to foster a better understanding of the challenges that information science is facing worldwide and to help trace a path to how the global information science community can try to meet them.
Chlorine abstraction reaction from chloropentafluorobenzene by the CF3 radical
Authors: Nieto J.D. , Herrera O.S. , Lane S.I. , Oexler E.V.
Published: July 2012

The temperature dependence of the rate constant for the gas phase abstraction reaction of chlorine by CF3 from chloropentafluorobenzene was determined in the temperature range 573‐653 K by the competitive method using the recombination of CF3 radicals as reference reaction. Taking a value of 1.53·1013 cm3 mol−1 s−1 for the recombination rate constant, kcl=(6.76±1.26) 1012 exp [−(6339±103) K/T) cm3 mol−1 s−1.

The Arrhenius parameters were calculated by the Bond Strength‐Bond Length method (BSBL) and good agreement was obtained with the experimental values.
Solvent influence on the electroacoustic excitation of sound in electrolytes
Authors: Tankovsky N. , Bärner K.
Published: July 2012

The influence of different mixed solvents on the efficiency of sound excitation in electrolytes by means of an a.c. electric field is studied experimentally. The ability of the solvent molecules to associate in structures and to solvatate the ions proves to be important for the electroacoustic mechanisms and their dynamical characteristics.
Fabrication of gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds using ethanol/phosphate buffer saline as a benign solvent
Authors: Zha Zhengbao , Teng Weibing , Markle Valerie , Dai Zhifei , Wu Xiaoyi
Published: July 2012

Electrospinning of natural polymer nanofibers useful for biomedical applications often requires the use of cytotoxic organic solvents. In this study, gelatin nanofibers are electrospun from phosphate buffer saline/ethanol binary mixtures as a benign solvent at ambient temperature. The influences of ionic strength, ethanol concentration, and gelatin concentration on the electrospinnability of gelatin solutions and the fiber microarchitectures are analyzed. The electrospun scaffolds retain their morphologies during vapor‐phase crosslinking with glutaraldehyde in ethanol and the subsequent removal of salts contained in the nanofibers via water rinsing. When fully hydrated, the mechanically preconditioned scaffolds display a Young's modulus of 25.5 ± 5.3 kPa, tensile strength of 55.5 ± 13.9 kPa, deformability of 160 ± 15%, and resilience of 89.9 ± 1.8%. When cultured on the gelatin scaffolds, 3T3 fibroblasts displayed spindle‐like morphology, similar to the cell's normal morphology in a 3D extracellular matrix. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97:1026–1036, 2012.
Structure–activity studies of lGnRH‐III through rational amino acid substitution and NMR conformational studies
Authors: Pappa Eleni V. , Zompra Aikaterini A. , Diamantopoulou Zoi , Spyranti Zinovia , Pairas George , Lamari Fotini N. , Katsoris Panagiotis , Spyroulias George A. , Cordopatis Paul
Published: July 2012

Lamprey gonadotropin‐releasing hormone type III (lGnRH‐III) is an isoform of GnRH isolated from the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) with negligible endocrine activity in mammalian systems. Data concerning the superior direct anticancer activity of lGnRH‐III have been published, raising questions on the structure–activity relationship. We synthesized 21 lGnRH‐III analogs with rational amino acid substitutions and studied their effect on PC3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell proliferation. Our results question the importance of the acidic charge of Asp6 for the antiproliferative activity and indicate the significance of the stereochemistry of Trp in positions 3 and 7. Furthermore, conjugation of an acetyl‐group to the side chain of Lys8 or side chain cyclization of amino acids 1‐8 increased the antiproliferative activity of lGnRH‐III demonstrating that the proposed salt bridge between Asp6 and Lys8 is not crucial. Conformational studies of lGnRH‐III were performed through NMR spectroscopy, and the solution structure of GnRH‐I was solved. In solution, lGnRH‐III adopts an extended backbone conformation in contrast to the well‐defined β‐turn conformation of GnRH‐I. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 525–534, 2012.
The protein arginine deiminases: Structure, function, inhibition, and disease
Authors: Bicker Kevin L. , Thompson Paul R.
Published: July 2012

The post‐translational modification of histones has significant effects on overall chromatin function. One such modification is citrullination, which is catalyzed by the protein arginine deiminases (PADs), a unique family of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptidyl‐arginine to form peptidyl‐citrulline on histones, fibrinogen, and other biologically relevant proteins. Overexpression and/or increased PAD activity is observed in several diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, lupus, Parkinson's disease, and cancer. This review discusses the important structural and mechanistic characteristics of the PADs, as well as recent investigations into the role of the PADs in increasing disease severity in RA and colitis and the importance of PAD activity in mediating neutrophil extracellular trap formation through chromatin decondensation. Lastly, efforts to develop PAD inhibitors with excellent potency, selectivity and in vivo efficacy are discussed, highlighting the most promising inhibitors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 155–163, 2013.
Quantitative analysis of enzymatic fractionation of multiple substrate mixtures
Authors: Kaki Shiva Shanker , Adlercreutz Patrick
Published: July 2012

The enzymatic conversion of mixtures of multiple substrates was studied quantitatively, based on established methodology used for the enzymatic kinetic resolution of racemic mixtures, involving the use of competitive factors: ratios of specificity constants (kcat/KM) of substrate pairs. The competitive factors of the substrates were defined in relation to a reference substrate. These competitive factors were used to predict the composition of the reaction mixture as a function of the degree of conversion of the reaction. The methodology was evaluated using three different lipases to hydrolyze a model mixture of four fatty acid methyl esters and for the esterification of a mixture of the same fatty acids in free form with ethanol. In most cases, the competitive factors determined from the initial phase of the reactions predicted the product composition during the rest of the reaction very well. The slowest reacting fatty acid was erucic acid (both in free form and as methyl ester), which was thus enriched in the remaining substrate fraction, while the other fatty acids: lauric acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid were converted faster. Simulations of the compositions of reaction mixtures with different values of the competitive factors were carried out to provide an overview of what could be achieved using enzymatic enrichment. Possible applications include reactions involving homologous substrates and mixtures of multiple isomers. The analysis presented provides guidelines that can be useful in the screening and development of enzymes for enzymatic enrichment applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 78–86. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterogeneity of breast cancer stem cells as evidenced with Notch‐dependent and Notch‐independent populations
Authors: Wong Nelson K. Y. , Fuller Megan , Sung Sandy , Wong Fred , Karsan Aly
Published: July 2012

Studies have suggested the potential importance of Notch signaling to the cancer stem cell population in some tumors, but it is not known whether all cells in the cancer stem cell fraction require Notch activity. To address this issue, we blocked Notch activity in MCF‐7 cells by expressing a dominant‐negative MAML‐GFP (dnMAML) construct, which inhibits signaling through all Notch receptors, and quantified the effect on tumor‐initiating activity. Inhibition of Notch signaling reduced primary tumor sphere formation and side population. Functional quantification of tumor‐initiating cell numbers in vivo showed a significant decrease, but not a complete abrogation, of these cells in dnMAML‐expressing cells. Interestingly, when assessed in secondary assays in vitro or in vivo, there was no difference in tumor‐initiating activity between the dnMAML‐expressing cells and control cells. The fact that a subpopulation of dnMAML‐expressing cells was capable of forming primary and secondary tumors indicates that there are Notch‐independent tumor‐initiating cells in the breast cancer cell line MCF‐7. Our findings thus provide direct evidence for a heterogeneous cancer stem cell pool, which will require combination therapies against multiple oncogenic pathways to eliminate the tumor‐initiating cell population.
Patterned Self‐Assembled Monolayers: Efficient, Chemically Defined Tools for Cell Biology
Authors: Koepsel Justin T. , Murphy William L.
Published: July 2012

Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates on gold can be used to carefully probe immobilized biomolecule interactions with cell‐surface receptors. However, due to a lack of experimental throughput associated with labor‐intensive production, specialized fabrication apparatus, and other practical challenges, alkanethiolate SAMs have not had widespread use by biological researchers. In this Minireview, we investigate a range of techniques that could enhance the throughput of SAM‐based approaches by patterning substrates with arrays of different conditions. Here we highlight microfluidic, photochemical, localized removal, and backfilling techniques to locally pattern SAM substrates with biomolecules and also describe how these approaches have been applied in SAM‐based screening systems. Furthermore we provide perspectives on several crucial barriers that need to be overcome to enable widespread use of SAM chemistry in biological applications.
Modeling of Conjugated Heat Transfer in Direct‐Contact Membrane Distillation of Seawater Desalination Systems
Authors: Ho C.‐D. , Yang T.‐J. , Wang B.‐C.
Published: July 2012

The modeling equations for the temperature distribution and temperature polarization profiles in a laminar concurrent‐flow parallel‐plate direct‐contact membrane distillation (DCMD) module were developed theoretically. The analytical solutions for such conjugated Graetz problems in DCMD systems were obtained using the variable separation method with an orthogonal expansion technique extended in power series. A description of the average Nusselt number variations and temperature distributions of both the hot and cold feed streams is given. The feed velocity effect on the temperature profiles and average Nusselt number was examined and is reported by employing the computed eigenvalues and the relevant constants. The analytical results show that the initial saline temperature effect on the hot feed stream regarding the pure water productivity is more significant than that of the hot and cold feed stream velocity variations.
Unique Ordered TiO2 Superstructures with Tunable Morphology and Crystalline Phase for Improved Lithium Storage Properties
Authors: Hong Zhensheng , Xu Yuxia , Liu Yubin , Wei Mingdeng
Published: July 2012

Unique ordered TiO2 superstructures with tunable morphology and crystalline phase were successfully prepared by the use of different counterions. Dumbbell‐shaped rutile TiO2 and nanorod‐like rutile mesocrystals constructed from ultrathin nanowires, and quasi‐octahedral anatase TiO2 mesocrystals built from tiny nanoparticle subunits were achieved. Interestingly, the obtained anatase mesocrystals have a fine microporous structure and a large surface area. The influence of the counterions in the reaction system is discussed and possible mechanisms responsible for the formation of the unique ordered TiO2 superstructures with different morphologies and crystalline phases are also proposed based on a series of experimental results. The obtained TiO2 superstructures were used as anode materials in lithium ion batteries, and exhibited higher capacity and improved rate performance; this is attributed to the intrinsic characteristics of the mesoscopic TiO2 superstructures, which have a single‐crystal‐like and porous nature.
Optimized Synthesis, Structural Investigations, Ligand Tuning and Synthetic Evaluation of Silyloxy‐Based Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts
Authors: Heppekausen Johannes , Stade Robert , Kondoh Azusa , Seidel Günter , Goddard Richard , Fürstner Alois
Published: July 2012

Nitride‐ and alkylidyne complexes of molybdenum endowed with triarylsilanolate ligands are excellent (pre)catalysts for alkyne‐metathesis reactions of all sorts, since they combine high activity with an outstanding tolerance toward polar and/or sensitive functional groups. Structural and reactivity data suggest that this promising application profile results from a favorable match between the characteristics of the high‐valent molybdenum center and the electronic and steric features of the chosen Ar3SiO groups. This interplay ensures a well‐balanced level of Lewis acidity at the central atom, which is critical for high activity. Moreover, the bulky silanolates, while disfavoring bimolecular decomposition of the operative alkylidyne unit, do not obstruct substrate binding. In addition, Ar3SiO groups have the advantage that they are more stable within the coordination sphere of a high‐valent molybdenum center than tert‐alkoxides, which commonly served as ancillary ligands in previous generations of alkyne metathesis catalysts. From a practical point of view it is important to note that complexes of the general type [(Ar3SiO)3MoX] (X = N, CR; R = aryl, alkyl, Ar = aryl) can be rendered air‐stable with the aid of 1,10‐phenanthroline, 2,2′‐bipyridine or derivatives thereof. Although the resulting adducts are themselves catalytically inert, treatment with Lewis acidic additives such as ZnCl2 or MnCl2 removes the stabilizing N‐donor ligand and gently releases the catalytically active template into the solution. This procedure gives excellent results in alkyne metathesis starting from air‐stable and hence user‐friendly precursor complexes. The thermal and hydrolytic stability of representative molybdenum alkylidyne and ‐nitride complexes of this series was investigated and the structure of several decomposition products elucidated.
The Vital Role of Buffer Anions in the Antioxidant Activity of CeO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Xue Ying , Zhai Yanwu , Zhou Kebin , Wang Lei , Tan Haina , Luan Qingfen , Yao Xin
Published: July 2012

Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles display excellent antioxidant properties by scavenging free radicals. However, some studies have indicated that they can cause an adverse response by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hence, it is important to clarify the factors that affect the oxidant/antioxidant activities of CeO2 nanoparticles. In this work, we report the effects of different buffer anions on the antioxidant activity of CeO2 nanoparticles. Considering the main anions present in the body, Tris‐HCl, sulfate, and phosphate buffer solutions have been used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of CeO2 nanoparticles by studying their DNA protective effect. The results show that CeO2 nanoparticles can protect DNA from damage in Tris‐HCl and sulfate systems, but not in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) systems. The mechanism of action has been explored: cerium phosphate is formed on the surface of the nanoparticles, which interferes with the redox cycling between Ce3+ and Ce4+. As a result, the antioxidant activity of CeO2 nanoparticles is greatly affected by the external environment, especially the anions. These results may provide guidance for the further practical application of CeO2 nanoparticles.
Application of Copper(I) Iodide/Diorganoyl Dichalcogenides to the Synthesis of 4‐Organochalcogen Isoquinolines by Regioselective CN and CChalcogen Bond Formation
Authors: Stein André L. , Bilheri Filipe N. , da Rocha Juliana T. , Back Davi F. , Zeni Gilson
Published: July 2012

A copper‐catalyzed cyclization of (ortho‐alkynyl)benzaldimines with diorganoyl dichalcogenides allowed the synthesis of 4‐organochalcogen isoquinolines, whereas the presence of base in the reaction medium inhibited the product formation producing the undesirable isoquinoline without the organochalcogen atom at the 4‐position. The cyclization reaction was carried out by using CuI (20 %) as a catalyst with diorganoyl dichalcogenides (1.5 equiv) in the presence of DMF at 100 °C. Furthermore, the reaction did not require an argon atmosphere and was carried out in an open flask. The cyclization reaction tolerated a variety of functional groups both in ortho‐alkynylbenzaldimines and diorganoyl dichalcogenides, such as trifluoromethyl, chloro, fluorine, and methoxyl, to give the six‐membered heterocyclic ring exclusively through a 6‐endo‐dig cyclization process. The organochalcogen group present at the 4‐position of the isoquinoline ring was further subjected to a selective chalcogen–lithium exchange reaction followed by the addition of aldehydes to afford the desired secondary alcohols in good yields. The obtained isoquinolines also proved to be suitable substrates for the Suzuki and Sonogashira coupling conditions affording the corresponding products through CC bond formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Unveiling Structure—Property Relationships in Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6‐δ, an Electrode Material for Symmetric Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.
Authors: Munoz‐Garcia Ana B. , Bugaris Daniel E. , Pavone Michele , Hodges Jason P. , Huq Ashfia , Chen Fanglin , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad , Carter Emily A.
Published: July 2012

The promising new solid oxide fuel cell electrode material Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O5.90 is characterized by powder neutron diffraction and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: LiFe0.8Mn0.2PO4/C Cathode Material with High Energy Density for Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Wang Zhao‐Hui , Yuan Li‐Xia , Zhang Wu‐Xing , Huang Yun‐Hui
Published: July 2012

The title composites are synthesized by solid state reaction promoted by wet ball milling from stoichiometric amounts of Li2CO3, FeC2O4, MnC2O4, and NH4H2PO4 in acetone (calcination in N2, 350 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Oscillatory Template Exchange in Polyoxometallate Capsules: A Ligand‐Triggered, Redox‐Powered, Chemically Damped Oscillation.
Authors: Miras Haralampos N. , Sorus Marjorie , Hawkett Jonathan , Sells Daniel O. , McInnes Eric J. L. , Cronin Leroy
Published: July 2012

An oscillatory template exchange between phosphate and vanadate anions in an aqueous mixture of (NH4)6P2Mo18O62, triethanolamine, and NH4VO3 (80—90 °C) is monitored by ESI‐MS, EPR, and UV/VIS spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Size‐Controllable Yttrium Orthovanadate (YVO4) Nanoparticles and Its Application in Photocatalytic Degradation of Direct Blue Dye.
Authors: Mohamed R. M. , Harraz F. A. , Mkhalid I. A.
Published: July 2012

Size‐controlled YVO4 nanoparticles are hydrothermally synthesized from propanol solutions of Y(NO3)3 and NH4VO3 (autoclave, 150 °C, 4—24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Pb4VBO8: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties.
Authors: Gao Junyu , Pan Shilie , Cao Jian , Dong Xiaoyu , Yang Zhihua
Published: July 2012

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of PbO, V2O5, and B2O3 in the molar ratio 8:1:1 (600 °C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Long Hydrogen‐Bonded Rod of Molecular Oxide: A Hexatantalate Tetramer.
Authors: Matsumoto Miki , Ozawa Yoshiki , Yagasaki Atsushi
Published: July 2012

(NBu4)3.5 [H4.5(Ta6O19)] is synthesized by reaction of a hydrous tantalum oxide obtained by treatment of K8[Ta6O19]·17H2O with HCl with an aqueous solution of NBu4OH (90 °C, 72 h) followed by dissolving the obtained product in toluene (85 °C, 16 h, yield given in g).
ChemInform Abstract: Sb and Se Substitution in CsBi4Te6: The Semiconductors CsM4Q6 (M: Bi, Sb; Q: Te, Se), Cs2Bi10Q15, and CsBi5Q8.
Authors: Chung Duck Young , Uher Ctirad , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: July 2012

Solid solutions CsBi4‐xSbxTe6 (x ≤ 2.0) and CsBi4Te6‐ySey (y ≤ 3.0) are synthesized by direct reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Cs and the precursors Bi2‐aSbaTe3 (a = 0.1—0.5), and Bi2Te3‐bSeb (b = 0.1—1.5), resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxy‐amide Functionalized Azolium Salts for Cu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition: Stereocontrol Based on Ligand Structure and Copper Precatalyst.
Authors: Shibata Naotsu , Yoshimura Misato , Yamada Haruka , Arakawa Ryuichi , Sakaguchi Satoshi
Published: July 2012

The azolium salts (I) efficiently promote the asymmetric addition of dialkylzincs to cyclic enones.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of C=C Double Bonds Using Rh‐Complex under Homogeneous, Heterogeneous and Continuous Mode Conditions.
Authors: Balogh Szabolcs , Farkas Gergely , Madarasz Jozsef , Szoellosy Aron , Kovacs Jozsef , Darvas Ferenc , Uerge Laszlo , Bakos Jozsef
Published: July 2012

A novel chiral ligand is synthesized and successfully applied in the Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of acetamides (I) and dimethyl itaconate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Diels—Alder Reaction of Fused Pyran‐2‐ones with Ethyl Vinyl Ether.
Authors: Juranovic Amadej , Kranjc Kristof , Polanc Slovenko , Perdih Franc , Kocevar Marijan
Published: July 2012

Ethyl vinyl ether (II) can be applied as a useful synthetic equivalent of acetylene in microwave‐assisted Diels—Alder reactions with fused pyran‐2‐ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Ritter‐Type C—H Amination of Unactivated sp3 Carbons.
Authors: Michaudel Quentin , Thevenet Damien , Baran Phil S.
Published: July 2012

C—H Amination of unactivated sp3 centers (non‐benzylic and non‐allylic) using MeCN as an inexpensive source of nitrogen proceeds under scalable and mild conditions and high functional group tolerance in the presence of a modified Selectfluor reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3‐Catalyzed Zn‐Mediated Allylation of Cyclic Enol Ethers in Water.
Authors: Chakraborty P. , Roy S. C.
Published: July 2012

A new methodology for the one‐pot synthesis of enediols from dihydrofuran or dihydropyran is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Labile δ‐Ketal‐β‐hydroxy Esters by Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Corresponding δ‐Ketal‐β‐keto Esters in the Presence of CaCO3.
Authors: Fan Weizheng , Li Wanfang , Ma Xin , Tao Xiaoming , Li Xiaoming , Yao Ying , Xie Xiaomin , Zhang Zhaoguo
Published: July 2012

CaCO3 plays a dual role in the hydrogenation reaction ‐ removing the acid generated during the formation of the catalyst and maintaining the activity of the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Cyclizations of Silyloxyenynes Catalyzed by Cationic Metal Phosphine Complexes.
Authors: Brazeau Jean‐Francois , Zhang Suyan , Colomer Ignacio , Corkey Britton K. , Toste F. Dean
Published: July 2012

Novel asymmetric 5‐exo‐dig and 5‐endo‐dig cyclizations of silyloxyenynes using palladium and gold complexes are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Synthesis of Nonconjugated Cyclohex‐3‐enone and Conjugated 4‐Methylenecyclohex‐2‐enone Derivatives.
Authors: Kuttner Julian R. , Warratz Svenja , Hilt Gerhard
Published: July 2012

Nonconjugated cyclohexenones (III) and (V)/(VI) are available by Co‐catalyzed Diels—Alder reaction of 2‐siloxybutadiene (I) with alkynes followed by Bu4NF‐promoted desilylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Effects on the Stereochemical Outcome of Suzuki—Miyaura Couplings.
Authors: Lu Guo‐Ping , Voigtritter Karl R. , Cai Chun , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: July 2012

The coupling of (Z)‐alkenyl halides (I) depends on the P‐ligand used in the transformations.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(II)‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Potassium Vinyltrifluoroborates.
Authors: Parsons Andrew T. , Senecal Todd D. , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: July 2012

It is crucial to use Togni′s reagent (I) as a limiting one to avoid formation of side products.
ChemInform Abstract: Skeletal Diversity via Pd(0) Catalyzed Three‐Component Cascades of Allene and Halides or Triflates with Protected Hydroxylamines and Formamide.
Authors: Elboray Elghareeb E. , Gao Chuanjun , Grigg Ronald
Published: July 2012

A range of protected hydroxylamines and formamides is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed, Highly Efficient, Regiocontrolled Arylation of Electron‐Rich Allylamines with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Deng Yuheng , Jiang Zhen , Yao Min , Xu Dan , Zhang Lingjuan , Li Huanrong , Tang Weijun , Xu Lijin
Published: July 2012

The choice of solvent, olefin, ligand, and additive has a fundamental influence on the regioselectivity and reactivity of the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Asymmetric Michael Addition of Aldehyde to Nitroolefin Using Perhydroindolic Acid as a Chiral Organocatalyst.
Authors: Zhao Lina , Shen Jiefeng , Liu Delong , Liu Yangang , Zhang Wanbin
Published: July 2012

Perhydroindolic acid, obtained as a by‐product in the industrial production of a trandolapril intermediate, is used as a chiral organocatalyst in asymmetric Michael addition reactions of aldehydes to nitroolefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphite Oxide as an Efficient and Durable Metal‐Free Catalyst for Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Amines to Imines.
Authors: Huang Hai , Huang Jun , Liu Yong‐Mei , He He‐Yong , Cao Yong , Fan Kang‐Nian
Published: July 2012

A series of symmetrical imines (II) is prepared by solvent‐free amine oxidation in the presence of graphite oxide as a reusable catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed [4 + 2] Cycloaddition for Highly Substituted Arenes.
Authors: Horie Hiroaki , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: July 2012

Ni(0)‐Catalyzed [4 + 2] cycloaddition of electron‐deficient dienes (I) to alkynes (II), (IV), (VI) and (IX) and subsequent aromatization affords highly substituted arenes (III), (V), (VII)/(VIII) and (X), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Triphosgene Mediated Chlorination of Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Thatikonda Narender Reddy , Chebolu Naga Sesha Saipavan Kumar , Budde Mahendar , Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao
Published: July 2012

A mild and efficient method for the chlorination of Baylis—Hillman adducts using the triphosgene—pyridine system is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Sulfur(VI) Reduction of Diazo Sulfonylamidines.
Authors: Selander Nicklas , Fokin Valery V.
Published: July 2012

The unusual asymmetric atom transfer “reduction” of diazo sulfonylamidines (I) gives the sulfinylamidines (II) under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(acac)2‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Functionalized Bis(arylmethyl)zinc Reagents and Their Olefination Reaction with Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Fu Ying , Hu Xuemei , Chen Yaojuan , Yang Yanshou , Hou Hongxia , Hu Yulai
Published: July 2012

Intermediates of type (IV) are formed in the first step.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Formation of a 1,2‐Dichloroacenaphthylene in a Friedel—Crafts Reaction with Chloral Hydrate.
Authors: Schwolow Sonja , Schollmeyer Dieter , Opatz Till
Published: July 2012

The reaction is proposed to involve intermediate formation of a chloronium ion.
ChemInform Abstract: Multisubstituted Furan Formation from (Z)‐ or (E)‐Enynyl Acetates: Tandem Reactions Accelerated by Electron‐Donating Groups on Aromatic Rings.
Authors: Okamoto Noriko , Yanada Reiko
Published: July 2012

Treatment of various substrates with NIS or NBS allows an efficient, metal‐free access to multisubstituted furans.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Phenylbenzofuran Derivatives and Selective Binding Activities on Estrogen Receptor.
Authors: Zhang Ping , Yang Yewei , Zheng Xiaoliang , Huang Wenhai , Ma Zhen , Shen Zhengrong
Published: July 2012

An improved protocol for the synthesis of 2‐arylbenzofuran derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Construction of Pyrrolidines by Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Trimethylenemethane with Imines.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Silverman Steven M.
Published: July 2012

The asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition of trimethylenemethane equivalents (II) and (VII) towards a wide range of N‐Boc and N‐Tos aldimines and ketimines proceeds efficiently in the presence of a Pd—phosphoramidite ligand to give enantioenriched polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives in high stereoselectivities (up to <99% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Fluoro‐3‐aryl Oxindoles: Direct Enantioselective α‐Arylation of Amides.
Authors: Wu Linglin , Falivene Laura , Drinkel Emma , Grant Sharday , Linden Anthony , Cavallo Luigi , Dorta Reto
Published: July 2012

The enantioselective construction of a C—F bond is based on an asymmetric α‐arylation protocol and allows the preparation of the title compounds with good yields and excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expeditious and Efficient Synthesis of Symmetrical Tris(indolyl)methanes under Catalyst‐Free Conditions in Fluorinated Alcohols.
Authors: Khaksar Samad , Vahdat Seyed Mohammad , Gholizadeh Mahnaz , Talesh Saeed Mohammadzadeh
Published: July 2012

The reaction of orthoesters (II) and (V) with indoles (I) and (IV) is performed in the non‐toxic and reusable hexafluoroisopropanol medium to afford the pure tris(indolyl)methanes (III) and (VI), resp., in high yields and short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Substituted Chlorophthalazines, Dihydrobenzoazepinediones, 2‐Pyrazolylbenzoic Acid, and 2‐Pyrazolylbenzohydrazide via 3‐Substituted 3‐Hydroxyisoindolin‐1‐ones.
Authors: Nguyen Hanh Nho , et al. et al.
Published: July 2012

Treatment of aminophthalimides with organometallic reagents leads to 3‐substituted 3‐hydroxyisoindolinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Remarkably Efficient Catalysts of Amidine Hydroiodides for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Aoyagi Naoto , Furusho Yoshio , Endo Takeshi
Published: July 2012

The reaction is carried out under mild conditions, e.g. ordinary pressure and ambient temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Substituted 3‐Aryl‐5‐aryl(hetaryl)‐2‐pyrazolines and Study of Their Antitumor Activity.
Authors: Insuasty Braulio , Chamizo Leidy , Munoz Jhon , Tigreros Alexis , Quiroga Jairo , Abonia Rodrigo , Nogueras Manuel , Cobo Justo
Published: July 2012

Among a variety of 3‐aryl‐5‐(het)arylpyrazolines, e.g. (III) and (V), derivative (IIIa) exhibits important activity against various cancer cell lines with remarkable values in leukemia, renal and prostate cancer panels.
ChemInform Abstract: Imine Domino Reactions Generate Novel Scaffolds: Fused Bisthiazolidines or Bisthiiranes.
Authors: Saiz Cecilia , Castillo Valerie , Mahler S. Graciela
Published: July 2012

β‐Aminothiols (II) and (V) react with 2‐mercaptoacetaldehyde to generate iminium ions which cyclize to novel fused bisthiazolidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of (Triaryl)methylamines by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Addition of Arylboroxines to Cyclic N‐Sulfonyl Ketimines.
Authors: Nishimura Takahiro , Noishiki Akira , Tsui Gavin Chit , Hayashi Tamio
Published: July 2012

A new asymmetric addition of arylboroxines (II) to cyclic N‐sulfonyl ketimines (I) proceeds in the presence of a rhodium catalyst coordinated with a chiral diene ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3,5,6‐Tetrasubstituted Tetrahydropyrans via (3,5)‐Oxonium—Ene Reaction.
Authors: Saha Pipas , Bhunia Anup , Saikia Anil K.
Published: July 2012

The method renders possible a stereoselective access to a wide range of biologically important title structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Alkynylbenzaldehyde Cyclizations Catalyzed by Chiral Gold(I) Acyclic Diaminocarbene Complexes Containing Weak Au—Arene Interactions.
Authors: Handa Sachin , Slaughter LeGrande M.
Published: July 2012

A variety of alcohols is applied in the tandem addition/cycloisomerization process where a bulky substituent at the binaphthyl core of the catalyst is crucial.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine(III)‐Mediated Cyclization of Unsaturated O‐Alkyl Hydroxamates: Silyl‐Assisted Access to α‐Vinyl and α‐(2‐Silylvinyl) Lactams.
Authors: Wardrop Duncan J. , Yermolina Maria V. , Bowen Edward G.
Published: July 2012

A general route is developed to unsaturated O‐alkyl hydroxamate precursors which are subjected to a chemoselective oxidative cyclization process.
ChemInform Abstract: Complex‐Induced Proximity Effect in the Regioselective Lithiation of Pyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Dhau Jaspreet S. , Singh Amritpal , Kasetti Yoganjaneyulu , Bharatam P. V.
Published: July 2012

Monolithiation—electrophilic substitution of BF3‐complexed methylpyridines (I) proceeds exclusively at position 6 of the pyridine ring, leaving the methyl groups unsubstituted.
ChemInform Abstract: Furanyl Cyclic Amines: A Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2,6‐syn‐Disubstituted Piperidines under Thermodynamic Control.
Authors: O'Brien Matthew , Leach Andrew , Armstrong Roly J. , Chong Keting , Sheridan Ross
Published: July 2012

Treatment of furanyl substituted 1,5‐tosylamino alcohols with TosOH under thermodynamic control allows highly diastereoselective access to 2,6‐syn‐substituted piperidines.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Synthesis of Multifunctionalized Piperidines via Cascade Reaction of Enals with Azalactones.
Authors: Singh Atul K. , Chawla Ruchi , Rai Ankita , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: July 2012

NHC‐catalyzed azalactone (I) and (IV) ring opening—piperidine ring‐closing cascade with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes (II) and (V) in an one‐pot procedure is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Generation of o‐Quinone Monoimines for the Rapid Construction of 1,4‐Benzoxazine Derivatives.
Authors: Bodipati Naganjaneyulu , Peddinti Rama Krishna
Published: July 2012

Treatment of electron‐poor α‐aminophenols with PhI(O‐Ac)2 results in formation of o‐quinone monoimines.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Annulation of 3‐[2‐(2‐Iodobenzylamino)aryl]‐N‐arylpropiolamides: Synthesis of 3‐[5H‐Dibenzo[b,e]azepin‐11(6H)‐ylidene]indolin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Zou Tao , Zhang Xing‐Guo , Li Jin‐Heng , Deng Chen‐Liang , Tang Ri‐Yuan
Published: July 2012

Both an oxindole and a dibenzoazepine moiety are formed in a single step through a sequential arylation of the alkyne with the aryl iodide moiety and the annulation with the N‐arylamide group.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselectivity of the 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Some Diazoalkanes with 1,5‐Benzodiazepine Derivatives.
Authors: Nsira Asma , Karoui Ahlem , Gharbi Rafik , Msaddek Moncef
Published: July 2012

The different behavior of 1,5‐benzodiazepines (I) and (V) during reaction with 2‐diazopropane and diphenyldiazomethane, resp., is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Interrupted by an Opportunistic Smiles Rearrangement: An Efficient Domino Approach to Dibenzoxazepinones.
Authors: Kitching Matthew O. , Hurst Timothy E. , Snieckus Victor
Published: July 2012

The reaction includes a formal C—N coupling of secondary benzamides assisted by an unexpected Smiles rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of Novel α‐Aminophosphonates and Their Biological Activity.
Authors: Rasheed Syed , Venkataramana Katla , Chandrasekhar Kuruva , Fareeda Gemmalamadugu , Raju Chamarthi Naga
Published: July 2012

A two‐step one‐pot ultrasound‐assisted synthesis of title aminophosphonates is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐[(Triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl] ‐1λ3,2‐benziodoxol‐3(1H)‐one and Alkynylation of Indoles, Thiophenes, and Anilines.
Authors: Brand Jonathan P. , Waser Jerome
Published: July 2012

An improved synthesis of title compound (III) is developed which is employed to the gold‐catalyzed direct alkynylation of aromatic compounds (IV).