bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between electronic health literacy and individual factors among adults with chronic pain: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Martorella Geraldine , Park Hye Jin , Schluck Glenna
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Chronic pain requires individuals to develop self-management skills that rely on health literacy and, more recently, eHealth literacy. Very few studies have investigated potential predictors of eHealth literacy in chronic pain patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore potential predictors of eHealth literacy among individual characteristics and pain-related clinical factors, as a preliminary step to understanding the multi-variable relationships that could be examined in a larger study. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to adults living in the United States with various chronic pain conditions using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. A convenience sample of 196 participants was recruited. The independent variables of interest regarding their relationship with eHealth literacy (dependent variable) included demographics, health literacy, chronic pain severity, pain attitudes and coping skills. Chi square tests of association, and independent samples t-tests were used to examine the bivariate relationships. Results: The majority of the sample suffered from chronic pain for more than 2 years with 48% suffering from chronic back pain. Most of the sample (n=184, 93.9%) had high eHealth literacy. Significant relationships were found between eHealth literacy and the following variables: marital status, education level, and age, as well as health literacy, chronic pain interference with activities and chronic pain attitudes. These warrant further exploration in a larger study using logistic regression. Conclusions: our findings provide new information on the relationship between eHealth literacy levels, pain-related individual factors such as attitudes toward pain, and clinical outcomes, i.e., pain interference with physical and psychological function. Although further research is needed to investigate eHealth literacy predictors and mediators, these findings promote the evidence-based development and evaluation of interventions enhancing eHealth literacy skills, as well as self-management skills of chronic pain patients.
16. yüzyıl transkripsiyon metinlerinden Arapça ve Farsça alıntılarda fonetik uyarlama örnekleri
Authors: ALTUN Hilal Oytun
Published: December 2022

Transkripsiyon metinleri adı verilen kaynaklardaki Türkçe malzeme, standart Osmanlı imlasıyla değil, yazarın duyduğu şekilde kâğıda geçirilmiş olduğu için Türkçenin tarihî ses bilgisi araştırmaları için benzersiz bir özellik arz etmektedir. Bu eserlerin karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmasıyla, ilgili dönemin Türkçe konuşma dilindeki fonetik varyantlar tespit edilebilmektedir. İncelemek üzere seçtiğimiz 16. yüzyıl tarihli ve Latin alfabesi ile kaleme alınmış iki sözlükte yer alan örnekler de Arapça ve Farsça alıntı kelimelerin Türkçeye uyarlanmasının farklı aşama ve biçimlerini temsil etmektedir. Pietro Lupis Valentiano tarafından 1520 civarında yazılan İtalyanca-Türkçe sözlük, Filippo Argenti’nin eseriyle beraber, İtalya menşeli en eski transkripsiyon metinlerinden biridir. Karşılaştırmada faydalandığımız diğer derleme ise 1581-1583 yıllarında Osmanlı ülkesinde seyahat eden Jean Palerne’in 6 dilli konuşma kılavuzunun Türkçe bölümüdür. Bu çalışma kapsamında,
adı geçen kaynaklarda tespit ettiğimiz alıntı kelimelerde gerçekleşen a
> i, -a- > -o-, -u- > -o-, -Vy- > -V-, -g- > -h-/-Ø-, -ḫ- > -ḳ- değişimi ve
ünsüz benzeşmesi gibi ses olayları Türkiye Türkçesi ağızları ve diğer
transkripsiyon metinlerinden tanıklarla ele alınmıştır
Divan şiirinde mahbup ve mesnevilerde mahbubun kullanımları
Authors: BİLGİN A. Azmi , KILINÇ Abdülhakim
Published: December 2022

Temelde sevilen ve sevgili anlamlarına gelen mahbup kelimesinin bir süredir anlam daralmasına tabi tutularak oğlan sevgili, erkek sevgili anlamlarıyla kavramlaştırılmaya hatta terimleştirilmeye çalışıldığı görülmektedir. Bu yaklaşım, mahbup kelimesini divan edebiyatı metinlerinde aynı şekilde ele almakta ve anlamlandırmaktadır. Bu durumun divan edebiyatı metinlerinde ne kadar karşılığı olduğunu anlamak için öncelikle mesnevilerde bir tarama yapılmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Çünkü mesnevilerde mahbup kelimesinin anlamlarını, ismi veya sıfatı olduğu şahsiyetlerin cinsiyetini çoğunlukla kesin olarak tespit etmek mümkündür. Burada aşikârdan müpheme, bilinenden belirsize doğru bir yol izlemek daha isabetli olacaktır. Elde edilen veriler ışığında kelimenin diğer divan edebiyatı metinlerindeki kullanımlarına bakmak daha sağlıklı sonuçlara ulaşılmasını sağlayacaktır. Ayrıca divan şiirinin aşk anlayışı da mahbubu anlamak için elzemdir. Buradan hareket edilerek bu makalede öncelikle divan şiirindeki aşk anlayışına kısaca değinildi. Daha sonra mahbup kelimesinin sözlüklerdeki anlamları verildi. Mahbubun, Arapçada müzekker bir kelime olması da bazı tartışmalara sebep olabilmektedir. Bu sebeple “mahbûb”un Arapça ve Türkçedeki cinsiyeti
meselesi ele alındı. Son olarak mahbup kelimesinin mesnevilerdeki
kullanımları üzerinde duruldu.
Revisiting the Entrepreneurial State Argument: A Malaysian Perspective
Authors: Nelson Dhillon Kishenjeet
Published: December 2022

The Entrepreneurial State was a concept that was put forth by Mariana Mazzucato in 2013. Since then, the concept has not received as much attention as it should, as the traditional view regarding entrepreneurship still holds sway among many academicians. This paper revisits this concept with an overview of Mazzucato’s main thesis, followed by a critique. Some lessons regarding the concept from the Malaysian perspective are shared. Mazzucato’s thesis regarding government intervention in the entrepreneurship process deserves greater attention, especially in light of the developments surrounding Covid-19. Further research areas are highlighted in the concluding remarks of this paper.
Lampu Taman Tenaga Surya Berbasis Internet Of Things di Universitas Bangka Belitung
Authors: Dwi Haryanto Anggara , Asmar Asmar , Hendrawan Budianto Tri , Sunanda Wahri
Published: December 2022

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) yang dimiliki Universitas Bangka Belitung merupakan sumber energi alternatif yang ada saat ini. Energi yang dihasilkan selain untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi listrik pada gedung, juga digunakan sebagai sumber energi listrik bagi lampu taman. Lampu taman selain berfungsi sebagai penerangan, tentunya juga dapat menambah nilai estetika kampus. Salah satu upaya untuk mengoptimalkan keberadaan lampu taman  yakni dengan inovasi pada pengendalian lampu taman tenaga surya dengan menggunakan Internet of Things (IoT). Dari hasil perancangan yang dilakukan pengukuran pada lampu taman, didapatkan nilai tegangan rata-rata berdasarkan pengukuran sensor 14,39 V, arus rata-rata 0,81 A,  daya rata-rata 11,65W. Untuk kondisi pengukuran berdasarkan multimeter didapatkan nilai tegangan rata-rata 13,41 V, nilai arus rata-rata 0,76 A, nilai daya rata-rata 10,19 W.
Pengaruh Pemasangan Solar Cell Terhadap Biaya pada Industri PT. Kahatex
Authors: Haz Fauzia , Astif Syarifuddin Shilham , Angga Setia Giri
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengambilan data untuk membandingkan seberapa efektif penggunaan solar cell dan data tersebut berdasar pada  2 parameter sebagai bahan acuan yaitu data real yang ada dengan data simulasi dimana data real yang diperoleh dari solar cell yang ada di PT. KAHATEX sementara simulasinya menggunakan software Pvsyst, sehingga dapat terlihat lebih berdampak penggunaan solar cell sebagai pengganti sumber energi konvensional. Dari data tersebut dapat juga dihitung berapa biaya yang telah terpangkas dan impact yang diberikan oleh penggunaan solar cell. Setelah analisis yang dilakukan diperoleh data bahwa setiap satu modul solar cell  rata-rata menghasilkan 1.32 kWh dan diperoleh juga data cost penggunaan listrik yang terpangkas rata-rata mencapai 4,8% dari kebutuhan listrik total dari satu departemen Garmen di PT. KAHATEX. Pemasangan solar cell pada satu Departemen Garment tersebut menghemat pengeluaran listrik dalam 3 bulan terakhir itu adalah sejumlah Rp 31.006.265. Hasil simulasi menggunakan software Pvsyst untuk perluasan penggunaan solar cell di departemen bordir diperoleh bahwa diperlukan 297 unit modul dan rata rata dalam satu modul menghasilkan listrik sebesar 1.18 kWh.
ANALISIS PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN MINIMUM ESSENTIAL FROCE (MEF) DALAM PENGADAAN ALAT UTAMA SISTEM SENJATA (ALUTSISTA) TENTARA NASIONAL INDONESIA (TNI)
Authors: Anissa Yuliana Nur , Djuyandi Yusa
Published: December 2022

Adanya berbagai dinamika ancaman keamanan regional mendorong negara-negara di kawasan Asia Tenggara untuk memperkuat strategi pertahanan militer guna mengamankan kepentingan nasional. Indonesia saat ini tengah berupaya mewujudkan komitmen dalam membangun kapabilitas pertahanan melalui modernisasi alutsista guna mencapai target Minimum Essential Force (MEF). Penelitian ini mengkaji terkait pemenuhan kebutuhan MEF dalam pengadaan alat utama sistem senjata (Alutsista). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan dekstriptif. Pengumpulan data berasal dari data primer dan data sekunder serta melalui studi kepustakaan. Berdasarkan penelitian, saat ini pemerintah sudah melakukan upaya yang cukup serius terkait modernisasi alutsista. Namun, secara keseluruhan upaya pemerintah dalam meningkatkan kapabilitas pertahanan melalui modernisasi alutsista masih belum maksimal. Setidaknya terdapat enam tantangan yang menjadi permasalahan dalam upaya modernisasi alutsista, yaitu masalah anggaran, transparansi pengadaan alusista, pencapaian target pemenuhan MEF, masih rendahnya kuantitas serta kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM), industri pertahanan yang masih belum mandiri, serta kesejahteraan prajurit yang masih dipertanyakan. Maka, dari masih banyaknya permasalahan yang terjadi dalam proses pemenuhan MEF dibutuhkan komitmen yang kuat serta perencanaan yang sistematis serta menguatkan sinegritas antar kementerian dan lembaga dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan MEF dalam pengadaan alutsista.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM KONSUMEN DALAM TRANSAKSI BISNIS FINTECH PADA PT. LAMPUNG BERKAH FINANSIAL TEKNOLOGI
Authors: Mu'in Fathul , Oktavianda Bobby , Martinouva Rissa Afni , Muliawan Chandra
Published: December 2022

Kebutuhan  pokok  yang  mendasar  bagi  setiap  manusia  terdiri  dari  kebutuhan  sandang, pangan, dan papan. Pada zaman yang modern ini kebutuhan manusia semakin beragam dan meningkat. Hal tersebut ditandai dengan semakin berkembangnya teknologi dan internet. Fintech (Financial Technology) merupakan sebuah terobosan baru bagi transaksi keuangan yang mengandalkan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. PT. Lampung Berkah Finansial Teknologi menyediakan peminjaman dana bagi perseorangan dan/pelaku usaha secara cepat dan praktis melalui teknologi yaitu Fintech Peer to Peer Lending. Peer to Peer Lending yaitu penyelengaraan layanan jasa keuangan yang mempertemukan pemberi pinjaman dan peminjam untuk melakukan perjanjian. Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah yang pertama bagaimana bentuk perlindungan hukum konsumen dalam transaksi bisnis Fintech pada PT. Lampung Berkah Finansial Teknologi, yang kedua bagaimana upaya dan tindakan preventif terhadap transaksi bisnis Fintech pada PT. Lampung Berkah Finansial Teknologi,   dan   ketiga   bagaimana   upaya   dan   proses   penyelesaian   hukum   terhadap konsumen dalam transaksi bisnis Fintech pada PT. Lampung Berkah Finansial Teknologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif-empiris dengan menggunakan metode  pendekatan  perundang-undangan  (statute  approach),  dan  pendekatan  konsep (conseptual approach). Pendekatan perundang-undangan yakni pendekatan dengan menggunakan legislasi dan regulasi. Pendekatan konsep merujuk pada doktrin-doktrin hukum yang ada.
PERAN NEGARA DALAM MEMBERIKAN PERLINDUNGAN PADA KONSUMEN ATAS PENGGUNAAN PRODUK PANGAN TIDAK BERLABEL HALAL BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 33 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG JAMINAN PRODUK HALAL
Authors: Angriyani Ari Mariyana , Gultom Elisatris
Published: December 2022

Di Indonesia, perlindungan terhadap kehalalan produk (pangan) menjadi prasyarat utama yang harus dipenuhi pelaku usaha agar produknya dapat diperdagangkan karena  pangan yang terdistribusi akan diserap (dikonsumsi) oleh pasar yang mayoritas konsumennya beragama Islam. Sebagaimana diketahui, faktor kehalalan produk (tidak terbatas pada produk pangan) menjadi salah satu bagian penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat  beragama Islam yang harus ditaati karena merupakan perintah agama. Oleh karena itu, informasi tentang kandungan produk pangan serta informasi kehalalan produk menjadi hal yang tidak boleh diabaikan oleh pelaku usaha agar layak didistribusikan kepada masyarakat. Belakangan ini masih banyak ditemukan produk pangan yang beredar tidak berlabel halal. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengawasan negara (pemerintah) terhadap produk yang tidak berlabel halal masih belum berjalan sesuai harapan. . Tujuan penulisan jurnal ini untuk menjelaskan peran negara dalam memberikan jaminan terhadap produk pangan halal dan upaya pemerintah untuk mewujudkan perlindungan konsumen Islam dari produk pangan tidak berlabel halal. Metode yang digunakan mengacu kepada peraturan perundang-undangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan cara kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, negara senantiasa berupaya memberikan kesejahteraan bagi warga negaranya melalui pemberian jaminan halal bagi produk pangan yang diperdagangkan. Selain itu, upaya pemerintah untuk mewujudkan perlindungan konsumen Islam dapat diwujudkan melalui pencantuman label halal dalam setiap produk yang dipasarkan.
PENGALIHAN PERJANJIAN PEMBIAYAAN SEPEDA MOTOR YANG DIJAMINKAN SECARA FIDUSIA (Studi PT Adira Finance di Bandar Lampung)
Authors: Yusup Winardi , Muliawan Chandra , Martinouva Rissa Afni
Published: December 2022

Pelaksanaan perjanjian pembiayaan banyak kemungkinan adanya permasalahan-permasalahan yang ditemukan, misalnya obyek jaminan fidusia dijual pada pihak ketiga, obyek jaminan fidusia hilang atau rusak, debitur cidera janji. Adapun permasalahan yaitu bagaimana syarat peralihan kredit, bagaimana mekanisme peralihan kredit pembiayaan konsumen dan apa akibat hukum dari peralihan kredit kepada pihak ketiga PT Adira Finance Bandar Lampung. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa syarat peralihan kredit pembiayaan konsumen meliputi berkas dan dokumen serta kesediaan konsumen untuk disurvey. Mekanisme peralihan kredit di PT Adira Finance meliputi pelaporan, penyerahan sepeda motor, survey calon konsumen pengganti, penghapusan hutang oleh pihak PT Adira Finance Bandar Lampung kepada debitur awal sampai penandatanganan perjanjian pembiayaan oleh konsumen pengganti. Akibat Hukum dari proses peralihan kredit pembiayaan konsumen pada PT Adira Finance Bandar Lampung meliputi akibat hukum mengenai kedudukan dan hubungan para pihak dalam peralihan pembiayaan konsumen. Kedudukan para pihak meliputi: PT Adira Finance Bandar Lampung, debitur awal, dan debitur baru (konsumen yang menerima peralihan kredit)Kata kunci: Fidusia, Lembaga Pembiayaan
UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PENGGUNA NARKOTIKA DENGAN SISTEM REHABILITASI MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 35 TAHUN 2009 DI BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Dewi Erna , Arilia Yuniza , Firmanto Aditia Arief
Published: December 2022

Narkotika adalah zat atau obat yang berasal dari tanaman dan bukan tanaman baik sintetis maupun semisintetis, yang menyebabkan penurunan dan perubahan kesadaran, mengurangi dan menghilangkan rasa nyeri, dan dapat menimbulkan ketergantungan. Tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika. Tujuan dibentuknya Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 adalah untuk menjamin ketersediaan narkotika untuk kepentingan pelayanan kesehatan,  mencegah, melindungi, dan menyelamatkan bangsa indonesia dari penyalahgunaan narkotika, memberantas peredaran gelap narkotika, serta menjamin pengaturan upaya rehabilitasi medis dan sosial bagi penyalahguna dan pecandu narkotika. Perlindungan hukum terhadap pengguna narkotika yaitu dengan mewajibkan kepada pecandu dan korban penyalahguna narkotika menjalani rehabilitasi medis dan sosial sesuai dengan Pasal 54 Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika yang merupakan kewenangan dari Badan Narkotika Nasional. Hambatan internal dan eksternal dalam penanganan pecandu narkotika selama proses rehabilitasi yaitu kurangya sumber daya manusia dalam menangani pasien rehabilitasi, adanya perbedaan persepsi antar aparat penegak hukum, kurangnya motivasi dan niat untuk sembuh, serta kurangnya pemahaman tentang rehabilitasi. Upaya yang dilakukan dalam perlindungan hukum terhadap pengguna narkotika yaitu dengan menambah sember daya manusia dalam menangani pasien rehabilitasi, mengadakan seminar dan pelatihan, serta memberikan penyuluhan dan mengedukasi masyarakat tentang rehabilitasi dan bahaya narkotika.Kata kunci: Perlindungan hukum, Pengguna narkotika, Rehabilitasi, Badan Narkotika Nasional
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Kekerasan ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Anak di Lampung Tengah
Authors: Sugiharto Gatot , Oktaviani Emilia , Firmanto Aditia Arief , Martinouva Rissa Afni
Published: December 2022

Data kasus kekerasan terhadap anak di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya, angka kekerasan terhadap anak yang masih tinggi ini dinilai karena lemahnya perlindungan pada anak. Penelitian ini membahas permasalahan mengenai bagaimana perlindungan hukum ditinjau dari Undang-Undang nomor 35 tahun 2014 tentang perlindungan anak, hambatan-hambatan serta upaya-upaya yang dilakukan didalam pelaksanaan perlindungan hukum bagi anak.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Pengumpulan data dengan studi lapangan dan studi pustaka. Analisis data dilakukan secara yuridis kualitatif yaitu analisis yang dilaukan secara deskriptif. Lembaga Perlindungan anak Lampung Tengah melakukan upaya rekrutmen sumber daya manusia, sosialisasi dan pemberitahuan informasi terkait ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang melindungi anak korban kekerasan. Kata kunci : Perlindungan Hukum, Anak, Korban Kekerasan
PERAN DAN FUNGSI BADAN PENGAWAS PEMILU (BAWASLU) KABUPATEN PESAWARAN DALAM MELAKUKAN PENGAWASAN PEMILU BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO .7 TAHUN 2017 DI KABUPATEN PESAWARAN (“Studi Penelitian Pemilihan Umum Serentak Tahun 2019”)
Authors: Mu’in Fathul , Kurniawan Adi , Nasarudin Tubagus Muhammad , Perdana Andre Pebrian , - Erlina
Published: December 2022

Pasal 1 ayat (17) Undang – Undang Nomor 7 tahun 2017, bahwa Badan Pengawas Pemilu yang selanjutnya disebut Bawaslu adalah lembaga penyelenggara pemilu yang mengawasi penyelenggaraan pemilu di seluruh wilayah negara Indonesia. Indeks Kerawanan Pemilu (IKP) Pesawaran yang mencapai 56,34 persen.Adapun ukuran IKP, di antaranya, pengawasan terhadap pelanggaran kampanye, hak suara, DPT, politik uang, logistik pemilu, netralitas ASN, SARA, hasil quic count, berita hoaks, dan penghitungan suara (tungsura) di TPS. Terdapat pula akses di beberapa daerah dikabupaten pesawaran yang sulit dijangkau dan tidak ada jaringan (Blank Zone). Rumusan masalah dari skripsi ini adalah Apa Peran Dan Fungsi Badan Pengawas Pemilu Kabupaten Pesawaran dalam melakukan pengawasan Pemilu di Kabupaten Pesawaran pada Pemilu tahun 2019 dan Apa kendala-kendala yang dihadapi Badan Pengawas Pemilu Kabupaten Pesawaran dalam menjalankan peran dan fungsinya pada Pemilu tahun 2019. Jenis penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian hukum normatif empiris (terapan) dengan tipe penelitian Deskriptif Analitik yang mengungkapkan peraturan perundangan- undangan yang berkaitan dengan teori-teori hukum yang menjadi objek penelitian. Sumber data yang gunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu sumber data primer dan sekunder. Data yang digunakan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder yang kemudian di analisa secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan tata cara pelaksanaan peran dan fungsi badan pengawas pemilu (BAWASLU) Kabupaten Pesawaran dalam melakukan pengawasan pemilu di kabupaten pesawaran. Adapaun Tahapan Pengawasan yang dilakukan mulai dari pendaftaran dan verifikasi, pemutakhiran data, Kampanye dan dana kampanye dan pemungutan, perhitungan dan rekapitulasi suara.Melakukan pencegahan dan penanganan pelanggaran pemilu. Kendala-kendala yang di hadapi Badan Pengawas Pemilu (BAWASLU) Kabupaten Pesawaran dalam melakukan pengawasan Pemilu di Kabupaten Pesawaran diantaranya Struktur, Geografis, Substansi dan Kultur Budaya. Kata Kunci : Peran dan Fungsi, Pengawasan, Pemilu
Using Asynchronous Discussions to Teach Classroom Management Skills in Online Teacher Preparation Courses
Authors: Lohmann Marla , Boothe Kathleen
Published: December 2022

Classroom management is a vital skill for all teachers. Special education teacher educators are tasked with ensuring that teacher candidates are prepared to implement evidence-based practices for the prevention and intervention of challenging behaviors. Many teacher candidates are taking their coursework in an asynchronous online format, which likely includes the use of discussion boards. In this article, we offer suggestions for using four discussion board formats to support teacher candidates in learning classroom management skills. These effective discussion board formats are (a) sharing products that students have created, (b) video-based discussions, (c) jigsaw discussions, and (d) debates. When high quality discussion boards are integrated into asynchronous online courses, student learning and engagement will increase, therefore, creating higher quality preparation programs.
Analisis Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa SMK pada Materi
Authors: Ayu Sheila Thiara , Galih Adirakasiwi Alpha
Published: December 2022

Having mathematical communication skills is one way to achieve the objectives of learning mathematics. The reason why the discussion of mathematical communication becomes very important is because mathematics can be used as a language and learning mathematics is included in social activities. This article aims to analyze the mathematical communication skills of SMK students using descriptive research methods and qualitative approaches. The sample selected was 26 students from class XII TBSM 4 with the sampling technique applied was purposive sampling. The instrument used is a written test by paying attention to indicators of mathematical communication skills, interviews, and observation of research results. The data analysis technique applied is content analysis. The results of the research in this article are in the form of an analysis of students' mathematical abilities per item of the research instrument. Based on the results of the study, the average student score was 39.31. Guidelines for the achievement of mathematical communication skills were also given, with 3 students in the very good category, 6 students in the moderate category, 9 students in the poor category, and 8 students in the very poor category.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Disiplin Kerja dan Motivasi terhadap Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara pada Kantor Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Konawe
Authors: Bindarto Bindarto
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of work discipline, leadership style, and motivation on employee performance at the Konawe District Health Office. The population in this study amounted to 38 people, and the sample in this study was taken as many as 38 respondents. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis using the F-test and t-test with SPSS Version 16.0. Based on the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that leadership style has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Konawe District Health Office, the Work Environment has a positive and significant impact on the performance of Civil Servants at the Konawe District Social Service Office, Organizational Climate has a positive and significant effect on performance. Employees at the Konawe District Health Office.
Analisis Struktur, Fungsi dan Makna Mantra Penunduk dan Pelindung Badan Suku Anak Dalam Jambi Kelompok Air Hitam Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas Sarolangun Jambi
Authors: Andiopenta Andiopenta
Published: December 2022

The Suku Anak Dalam Jambi are one of the tribes that are still isolated in Jambi Province. In social life, they still believe in the existence of spells. Mantra is a series of words that have certain conditions which are believed to contain supernatural powers and are passed down from generation to generation in various ethnic groups in Indonesia. Likewise for the Anak Dalam Tribe who inhabit the Bukit 12 Sarolangon settlement, Jambi Province. Mantras that are believed by the Suku Anak Dalam (Kubu) community can be a guide in various aspects of their lives. However, in this article, the spells analyzed are limited to subduing and body armor. Mantra is a series of words that have certain conditions which are believed to contain magical powers that are passed down from generation to generation. The mantra that is believed by the Suku Anak Dalam Jambi community is believed to be able to subdue someone and be able to protect themselves. The structure, function, and meaning of mantras in the Suku Anak Dalam Jambi community, both subservient and protective spells, have a free structure, or include free poetry, free rhyme, not bound by stanzas and lines. In addition, it does not make a rhyming sound. The sound of language that arises is only simple, in this case it lacks hearing power that is able to arouse feelings through the five senses of hearing, like a poem. The meanings that arise from the choice of words used are grammatical meanings and use connotative diction.
Implementing the Cooperative Learning Model Team Game Tournament Type in Improving Students’ Vocabulary at MTSN Nurul Falah Jambi
Authors: Munawwaroh Khidayatul , Pratiwi Rimeira Nadya , Rahmawati Suci
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the research was to improve students’ vocabulary ability through cooperative learning model Teams Game Tournament type at second year students of MTs NurulFalah Jambi. The target of this research is hoped that cooperative learning model teams’ game tournament type can be one of model that can be used by the English teacher in teaching vocabulary. This research used classroom action research. This research conducted in MTs NurulFalah Jambi, and the subject of research was the second-year students with total of student are 34 students in academic year 2018/2019. The researcher used observation, test, and questionnaire to get the data. The procedure in this research is referring to classroom action research that consists of four elements: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting which did in every cycle. The researcher did cycle 1, and then the researcher arranged the action plan on the result of the reflection at the first cycle. There was the improvement of students’ vocabulary ability, the test score at cycle 1 was 14,49% and at cycle 2 was 31,54 %. There are 6 teams, 3 teams got the award as “Super team” they are group 3, 4, and 5. 2 Teams got the award as “Great Team” they are group 2 and 7. While 2 teams got the award as “Good Team” they are group 1 and 6. This research has revealed that Cooperative Learning Model Team Game Tournament Type can be an alternative to solve the students’ problems in vocabulary.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa dalam Mata Pelajaran Biologi melalui Penerapan Model Gagnon and Collay Kelas Xi MIPA2SMAN 6 Kerinci
Authors: Susanti Nelly
Published: December 2022

Application of Learning Model Gagnon and Colay in eye lesson Biologyon student class XI MIPA 2 SMA Negeri 6 Kerinci , where is the Gagnon and Collay Modelthisis a structured learning model based on theory constructivist who emphasizes on liveliness students , independence as well as development study team by intensive . Study this is study action class (Classroom Action Research), which consists of from four component in every cycle that is planning (planning), action (action), observation (observation), and reflection (refleck), done for know is with Application of Learning Model Gagnon and Collay results study student class XI MIPA2 Public High Schools 6 Kerinci could increase. Subject in study this is student class XI MIPA2 Public High Schools 6 yang totaling 20 people. In collecting the data, this research use test on every cycle and sheet observation. As for technique data analysis that is with technique descriptive data analysis qualitative and descriptive quantitative. Descriptive qualitative used in analyze result data observation or observation, while descriptive quantitative used for give description or take conclusion based on results test learning done on every cycle.Results analysis test results study student on every cycle show that level ability student class XI MIPA2 Public High Schools 6 Kerinci experience increas, thing this seen after Application of Learning Model Gagnon and Collay, lookon cycle I average value student as big as 60 and on cycle II an average of 84. This thing show that results study biology increase after Application of Learning Model Gagnon and Collay.
الأحاديث الواردة في فوائد الحبة السوداء في ضوء التجارب العلمية
Authors: Hoque Mesbahul , Mohamed Yuslina , Abd Kadir Kauthar , Ali Abdul Rab Muneer
Published: December 2022

The "black seed" is one of the most important types of plants mentioned in the hadith of the Prophet S.A.W, Several authentic hadiths were reported from the prophet S.A.W confirming its health benefits from diseases. Based on this, many scientists studied this seed from a scientific and experimental point of view, they discovered many benefits for this seed and  considered it a healthy food for many diseases. At last, they discoverd its benefits for cancer, which is described as a deadly disease, because this disease has caused the death of more than one million annually in the  world. This article comes to study the hadiths contained in the black seed and to explain the benefits that scientists discovered through scientific experiments. The researchers used the inductive and analytical method in defining the black seed and collecting the hadiths related to it and studying those hadiths. They also used the inductive and descriptive method in collecting the findings of ancient and modern scholars regarding the benefits of the black seed and presenting some of them.
PENTAFSIRAN AKIDAH DALAM SURAH AL-FATIHAH MENURUT PEMIKIRAN HJ. MUHAMMAD SA’ID BIN ‘UMAR
Authors: Muhammad Yusry Affandy Md Isa
Published: December 2022

Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan is the earliest Malay-language tafsir book that was printed in 1934. This book was written by Hj. Muhammad Sa’d bin ’Umar (d. 1932 AD) presented the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah as an introduction to the book as is common with the content of other books of interpretation. The interpretation is still general and requires a study to see if it contains the facts of faith and is appropriate to be practiced within the framework of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah. This study aims to explain the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah Hj. Muhammad Sa’id in focus of faith. Next, the role of the study is to analyze the beliefs that should be used as guidelines in Muslim life. This study is important in proving that the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah is always consistent in explaining the principles of faith that are compatible with the apparent content of its verses. Knowledge related to fiqh and tasawwuf is not the main container in the early stages of interpreting the book Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan. This qualitative study applies the inductive method by identifying and gathering the facts of belief from the content of the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah. The descriptive method is carried out to analyze the facts of belief in the aspect of emphasis of belief, comparison of facts between sources of interpretation and then formulate the emphasis of belief. The findings of the study show that the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah contains principles of belief that are parallel to the Pillars of Faith. Belief in Allah S.W.T is always emphasized in every verse based on the appearance of the verse and has similarities with some books of al-ma’thur interpretation such as Tafsir Ibn Kathir and Tafsir al-Tabari. The study found that the emphasis on belief is in line with the teachings of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah. Although the method of interpretation is simple without long debates, readers of tafsir have the opportunity to gain a clear and authentic knowledge of the faith behind the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah.
مداواة الأمراض في ظلال القرآن الكريم: دراسة موضوعية تحليليّة
Authors: Bey Zekkoub Abdelali
Published: December 2022

Allāh has revealed a comprehensive religion, which covers all aspects of life for humanity, and adequate for them for all ages. Therefore, Allāh has created to every disease a suitable remedy, which tackles it. However, the unawareness of the cures of maladies in the Qur’ān has led to the negligence of the implementation of these rules in coping with such diseases. Further, the Contemporary medicine has had the lion's share in dealing with the maladies, which resulted in a defective cure. Therefore, this study aims to shed light on how to cure the maladies from a Qurʾānic perspective. Besides, it will pave the path to eradicate all diseases, which can contaminate the body, the soul as well for a sole individual and the entire society. By employing the inductive and deductive method, the study concluded that natural medicine, Qurʾānic medicine, and prophetic medicine, especially the recitation of Sūrat al-Fātiḥah, al-Baqarah, Āl ʻImrān, al-Kahf, al-Isrāʼ, al-Mulk, al-kāfirīn, al-Ikhlāṣ, al-Falaq, al-Nās, Āyat al-Kursī, ends of Sūrat al-Baqarah, al Ruqyah al-Sharʻīyah, seeking of refuge, and the authentic prophetic supplications; guard the muslim against all kinds of harm, with the permission of God Almighty, except death and old age, but not as necessary, so whoever was afflicted by illness while maintaining these various medicines, that is the decree of God Almighty, and he has great wisdom in his command and destiny.
فهم السياق القرآني لدى المفسرين بين التوجيه اللغوي والتذوق البلاغي
Authors: Abdul Ghani Bin Md Din  , Omar bin Md Din  , Ummu Hani Abas  , Ragab Ibrahim Ahmed Awad  , Mohd Azizul Rahman Bin Zabidin
Published: December 2022

This research aims to demonstrate the efforts of linguistic and rhetorical interpreters in the quest of al Qur’an meanings’ clarification and extract Islamic sharia provisions with reference to Arabic language arts such as grammar, morphology, rhetoric and dictionaries, as well as the sciences of jurisprudence, logic and others. That is by choosing, studying and clarifying some of the words of the Qur’an such as the difference between “creates and does,” and “from its places,” “after its places,” the different meanings in “laughed,” and proportionality in the context of “hunger and thirst,” and clarifying the significance of the consequence and becoming. The research attempts to answer several questions, the most important of which are: What is the role of the Arabic grammar, dictionaries, morphology and rhetoric in clarifying the purposes of vocabulary and Quranic texts and how did the interpreters manage to adapt Arabic language arts in order to understand the Qur’anic text as well as to extract Islamic sharia provisions. The research used the descriptive analytical method to demonstrate how interpreters use Arabic language arts in order to understand the Qur’anic text. The research reached several results, including that the interpreters pay attention to the linguistic levels during their analysis of the Qur’anic verses, starting from the meanings of the vocabulary to the relationships of the sentences and the context of the text; they use the verses to demonstrate al Qur’an miracles and to derive the Islamic sharia provisions.
Navigating Sacred Languages: Paraphrasing the Psalms in Renaissance Scotland
Authors: Porter D. A.
Published: December 2022

Translations and paraphrases of the Biblical psalms were popular throughout early modern Europe. The Latin poetic paraphrase of Psalm 51 by George Buchanan is examined alongside the Scots-language translation of Psalm 2 by Alexander Montgomerie to illustrate some of the complexities of the Renaissance interplay between Latin and vernacular translation, poetics, confession, and politics. Both poets engage with contemporary debates over the meaning of the Biblical texts, and both display a high degree of poetic and rhetorical sophistication in transforming the psalms according to their own interpretative commitments. Each demonstrates close attention towards and care for correct interpretation, and each shows a high degree of freedom in adapting and recreating the polysemous meanings of the original while also applying new meanings to serve their own liturgical, spiritual, and poetic purposes.
TÜRK HAMAMI MEKÂNLARI ÜZERİNE TERMİNOLOJİK BİR YAKLAŞIM
Authors: AVCI Oğulcan
Published: December 2022

Geleneksel bir Türk hamamı, birbirinden farklı işlevlere sahip, kişilerin temizlenme ve yıkanma eyleminin tüm aşamaları için kullandıkları bir dizi mekândan meydana gelen, temelde soğuk ile sıcak olmak üzere iki ana hacmin bir bütünü oluşturduğu hazırlık ve yıkanma bölümüyle bu mekânlara sıcak su ile sıcak ortam sağlamaya yarayan, birbirleriyle bağlantılı mimari unsurlar ile hacimlerden meydana gelen ısıtma bölümünden oluşmaktadır. Türk hamam yapılarını oluşturan mekân ve hacimlerden her birine soyunmalık/soğukluk, soğukluk/ılıklık, cehennem/cehennemlik/ocak/külhan gibi iki ya da daha fazla isim verildiği görülmekte bu da hamam yapıları özelinde mekân/hacim-adlandırma konusunda sorunlar olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bu sorunun çözümüne yönelik ilk adımı genellikle Türk hamamlarının öncüsü olduğu kabul edilen ve Türk hamamının bölümleri tanımlanırken sık sık referans verilen Roma hamamlarının mekânlarını işlev ve tanımlama yönünden, aynı zamanda Türk hamamında bulunan, karşılıkları olarak gösterilen ya da gösterilebilecek mekânlarla karşılaştırmalı şekilde inceleyerek atmak gerekir. Bir Türk hamamının yıkanma ve ısıtma bölümünü oluşturan mekânlarla hacimleri adlandırırken bu mekânlarla hacimlerin nasıl kullanıldığı, mimari olarak nasıl kurgulandığı meselesi temel faktörler olarak göz önüne alınmalıdır. Bu açıdan bakıldığında soyunmalık, soğukluk, aralık, ılıklık, külhan, cehennemlik, cehennem, ocak adlarının karşılıkları olarak gösterilen mekânların/hacimlerin/öğelerin doğru karşılıklar olup olmadığı gözden geçirilmesi gereken bir konu olarak belirmiş ve tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu karmaşa giderilmeye çalışılmış ve Türk hamamını oluşturan mekânların nasıl adlandırılabileceği konusunda öneriler sunulmuştur.
VAN AĞZINDA GÖRÜLEN YANSIMA SÖZCÜKLER ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: ÖZOK Gamze
Published: December 2022

Yansıma sözcük, doğadaki seslerin bir dilin imkânları dâhilinde ve o seslere en yakın şekilde sözcüklere dökülme biçimidir. Dillerin doğuşuyla ilgili ileri sürülen teorilerden biri olan yansıma teorisine göre diller, insanların doğada duydukları sesleri taklit etmesi sonucunda ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu teoriyi savunanların temel dayanak noktası da dünyada konuşulan dillerin hemen hemen hepsinde az ya da çok yansıma sözcük bulunmasıdır. Fakat her dilde yansıma sözcük bulunmasına rağmen bu kelimeler, dillerin sözcük dağarcığında çok büyük bir yer tutmamaktadır. Türkçe ise sahip olduğu söz varlığına oranla bünyesinde bulundurduğu yansıma sözcük sayısı bakımından dünyanın en zengin dillerinden biridir. Türkçenin her lehçesinde ve bu lehçelerin ağızlarında çok sayıda yansıma sözcük bulunması da bu durumu kanıtlar niteliktedir. Kaleme alınan edebi eserlerde, konuşma dilinde bir durumu, varlığı ya da hareketi daha etkili, kalıcı bir şekilde anlatmak için yansıma sözcükler sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Doğadaki seslerin taklidi olan bu sözcükler, Türkçenin yüzlerce yıllık tarihi gelişim sürecinde sürekli kullanılarak, kullanım şekilleri çeşitlenerek ve bu şekilde canlılıklarını koruyarak bugün sadece standart konuşma dilinde değil ağızlarda da yerlerini almışlardır. Bu çalışmada da amaç, Van ağzında bir durumu, varlığı ya da hareketi karşılayan yansıma sözcükleri anlam, ses ve şekil özellikleri açısından inceleyip değerlendirmektir.
Notificação de incidentes relacionados à cadeia medicamentosa em um hospital de ensino
Authors: Mota Rosana Santos , Silva Valdenir Almeida da , Mendes Andreia Santos , Barros Angela de Souza , Santos Olga Maria Brito dos , Santos Reneide Santana dos
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: Analisar a incidência e as notificações de eventos relacionados à cadeia medicamentosa em um hospital de ensino. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, realizado em um hospital de ensino de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados a partir das notificações realizadas entre o período de janeiro/2016 a dezembro/2018. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados. Resultados: A incidência de incidentes relacionados à cadeia medicamentosa variou entre 0,2 e 2,27 por 100 internações, com maior proporção em indivíduos adultos (49,36%), do sexo feminino (54,94%), raça negra (80,26%), pouca escolaridade (56,66%) e procedentes de Salvador (61,80%). Os incidentes mais notificados foram o erro de administração (52,36%), erro de prescrição (22,32%) e erro de dispensação (16,31%), tendo como possíveis causas problemas no aprazamento (19,31%) e falta de atenção dos profissionais (16,72%). A maioria dos incidentes ocorreu durante o dia (51,93%), sendo notificado pelo farmacêutico (69,53%). Dentre as notificações, houve 13,0% de danos aos pacientes. Conclusão: Houve variação crescente dos incidentes notificados relacionados à cadeia medicamentosa nos anos do estudo e cerca de 13,0% desses foram classificados como eventos adversos. Os achados dão visibilidade ao perfil de evento e se mostram imprescindíveis para ações preventivas.
Dificuldades do profissional atuante na Vigilância Epidemiológica frente à pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Poiana Luana Coiado , Sasaki Natália Sperli Geraldes Marin dos Santos , Santos Maria de Lourdes Sperli Geraldes
Published: December 2022

A Lei 8080, de 19 de setembro de 1990, Lei Orgânica da Saúde (LOS), inclui, no âmbito de atuação Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), as ações de vigilância sanitária; vigilância epidemiológica e de saúde do trabalhador, sendo, a vigilância epidemiológica, conceituada como “um conjunto de ações que proporcionam o conhecimento, a detecção ou prevenção de qualquer mudança nos fatores determinantes e condicionantes de saúde individual ou coletiva, com a finalidade de recomendar e adotar as medidas de prevenção e controle das doenças ou agravos” [1]. Em 2006, o Pacto pela Saúde estabeleceu as Diretrizes Nacionais da Vigilância em Saúde, sob a portaria nº 1.378, de 9 de julho de 2013, que “Regulamenta as responsabilidades e define diretrizes para execução e financiamento das ações de Vigilância em Saúde pela União, Estados, Distrito Federal e Municípios, relativos ao Sistema Nacional de Vigilância em Saúde e Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária” [2] e a Resolução nº 588, de 12 de julho de 2018, aprova a Política Nacional de Vigilância em Saúde. Cada nível de governo possui competências descritas [3]...
Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura plasma induces calcium- and IgG-dependent endothelial activation: correlations with disease severity
Authors: Tellier Edwige , Widemann Agnès , Cauchois Raphaël , Faccini Julien , Lagarde Marie , Brun Marion , Robert Philippe , Robert Stéphane , Bachelier Richard , Poullin Pascale , Roose Elien , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Coppo Paul , Dignat-George Françoise , Kaplanski Gilles
Published: December 2022

Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is characterized by a severe ADAMTS13 deficiency due to the presence of anti-ADAMTS13 auto-antibodies, with subsequent accumulation of circulating ultra-large von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers. The role of endothelial cell activation as a trigger of the disease has been suggested in animal models but remains to be demonstrated in humans. We prospectively obtained plasma from the first plasma exchange of 25 patients during iTTP acute phase. iTTP but not control plasma, induced a rapid VWF release and P-selectin exposure on the surface of dermal human micro-vascular endothelial cell (HMVEC-d), associated with angiopoietin-2 and endothelin-1 secretion, consistent with Weibel-Palade bodies exocytosis. Calcium (Ca2+) blockade significantly decreased VWF release, whereas iTTP plasma induced a rapid and sustained Ca2+ flux in HMVEC-d which correlated in retrospect, with disease severity and survival in 62 iTTP patients. F(ab)’2 fragments purified from the immunoglobulin G fraction of iTTP plasma mainly induced endothelial cell activation with additional minor roles for circulating free heme and nucleosomes, but not for complement. Furthermore, two anti-ADAMTS13 monoclonal antibodies purified from iTTP patients’ B cells, but not serum from hereditary TTP, induced endothelial Ca2+ flux associated with Weibel-Palade bodies exocytosis in vitro, whereas inhibition of endothelial ADAMTS13 expression using small intering RNA, significantly decreased the stimulating effects of iTTP immunoglobulin G. In conclusion, Ca2+-mediated endothelial cell activation constitutes a “second hit” of iTTP, is correlated with the severity of the disease and may constitute a possible therapeutic target.
KOP bölgesi fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin sosyobilimsel konular, öğretimi ve SBK temelli öğretmen eğitimi içeren bir TÜBİTAK 4005 projesi hakkında görüşleri
Authors: TEKİN Nurcan
Published: December 2022

Sosyobilimsel konular (SBKlar) fen eğitiminde bilimsel okuryazarlığın sağlanmasında oldukça önemli olarak kabul edilmektedir. SBKlar bilimsel temele dayanan, doğasında tartışma ve zıtlık barındıran ve toplumlar tarafından politik ve sosyal normlar etkisinde tartışılabilen konulardır. SBKlar tartışmaya açık doğası nedeniyle, ülkelerin eğitim programlarında önemli yer tutmaktadır. Öğrencilerini tartışma ortamlarına dahil ederek karşılaşılan bir durumda farklı görüşlere saygı duyma bakımından vatandaşlık becerisi kazandırmayı hedefleyen fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin bu konulara sınıflarında daha çok yer vermeleri gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, SBKlar temelli öğretmen eğitimi programını içeren bir TÜBİTAK 4005 projesi kapsamında, katılımcı öğretmenlerin sosyobilimsel konular, öğretimi ve proje hakkında görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. Tek gruplu ön test-son test deneysel desene göre desenlenen bu çalışmada, çalışma grubunu, projede ön plana çıkan SBKların yerel özelliği göz önünde bulundurulduğundan, öncelikli olarak Konya Ovası Projesi (KOP) bölgesinden (11 KOP bölgesi, 8 KOP bölgesi dışı) olmak üzere Türkiye’nin çeşitli illerinden 19 fen bilimleri öğretmeni (11 kadın, 8 erkek) oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Proje Katılım Formu, Sosyobilimsel Konuların Öğretimi ile ilgili Görüşler Ölçeği, Sosyobilimsel Konular Görüşme Formu, Bil-İste-Öğren Formu ve Proje Değerlendirme Formu kullanılmıştır. Proje verilerinin değerlendirilmesinde nicel ve nitel veri analiz yöntemleri birlikte kullanılmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizinin sonucunda, öğretmenlerin SBKların öğretilmesine yönelik görüşlerinde, ön, son ve izleme testi puanları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı görülmektedir. Öğretmenlerin SBKlara yönelik görüşlerinde, etkinlikler sonrası SBKlara verilen örneklerin büyük oranda arttığı sonucuyla karşılaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca, öğretmenlerin proje süreci hakkında genel olarak olumlu görüşe sahip olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır.