bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traffic-generated changes in the elemental profile of urban coarse dust at a highway and crossroads
Authors: Rogula-Kozłowska Wioletta , Kuskowska Karolina , Ogrodnik Paweł , Penkała Magdalena
Published: July 2018

Based on literature data, the percentage contribution of road traffic to concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and PM-bound elements, separately for PM2.5-10 and PM10-100 fractions were assessed. The data on the PM2.5-10 and PM10-100 concentrations examined simultaneously at two locations (the 1st outside the direct impact of the road emission; the 2nd next to a crossroads or highway) were used in the analysis. There were clear differences in the concentrations of PM and its components between these locations (a crossroads vs. background; highway vs. background). Both PM concentrations and concentrations of the majority of the PM2.5-10- and PM10-100-bound elements had higher values in the traffic site. The percentage increase of PM concentrations was in the range from 25 (PM2.5-10; highway) to 606% (PM10-100; crossroads). The highest percentage increase in the concentration of elements was noted at the crossroads, where concentrations of PM10-100-bound Si, Sc, Fe and Pb were 12, 22, 25 and 71 times higher than at the urban background site, respectively. The measurable results of this paper are elemental profiles of two coarse fractions of PM in the vicinity of the road and crossroads and at sites far apart from the big road traffic sources. The collected information can be an important source of knowledge in identifying the origin of PM in the receptor.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the firefighter workplace: The results from the first in Poland short-term measuring campaign
Authors: Rogula-Kozłowska Wioletta , Majder-Łopatka Małgorzata , Jureczko Izabela , Ciuka-Witrylak Małgorzata , Łukaszek-Chmielewska Aneta
Published: July 2018

The results of investigations into 15 ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at two Polish fire stations belonging to the National Fire Service are presented. At each station, on five different days, hydrocarbons were sampled simultaneously in the changing room, garage, and exterior of the station (in the atmospheric air). The indoor and outdoor diagnostic ratios and benzo(a)pyrene carcinogenicity equivalents were computed from the measured concentrations. The former indicated the combustion of various materials and fuels as the hydrocarbons source, the latter expressed the cumulative carcinogenic hazard from the hydrocarbon mixture. Naphthalene and acenaphthene had the greatest ambient concentrations at each site. The greatest summary concentrations of the 15 hydrocarbons occurred in the changing rooms.
An evaluation of the fermentation efficiency of selected substrates from the agri-food sector on a physical, chemical and biological basis
Authors: Suchowska-Kisielewicz Monika
Published: July 2018

Methane fermentation has been a waste management technique for years. The main advantages of fermentation include the production of electricity and heat from biogas or biomethane, which are a source of renewable energy. In order for the fermentation process to have good economic indicators, the continuous monitoring of process parameters is necessary. To control the fermentation process, an anaerobic test determining the biochemical methane potential (BMP) is particularly recommended. The disadvantage of this test is the long duration of measurements. Nowadays, AT4 respiration tests are increasingly used to assess the methane potential of waste. The main advantages of AT4 include: the 4-day duration of the test, the simple method for implementation and the possibility of applying the test to all types of waste. In practice, in most cases physical (VS) and chemical indicators (TOC and COD) are used to assess the suitability of substrates for fermentation and its effectiveness. However, these indicators specify only the total content of organic matter, yet do not give information on the fraction of biodegradable matter. The article presents an assessment of the efficiency of fermentation substrates selected from the agri-food sector on a physical, chemical and biological basis and presents the correlation between these indicators.
The displacement of structures founded on expansive soils – unapparent causes
Authors: Topoliński Szymon , Gorączko Aleksandra , Sztubecki Jacek , Bujarkiewicz Adam
Published: July 2018

Determining the causes for the displacement of damaged structures located on expansive soils often requires meticulous and individual analyses of many factors. The sensitivity of the expansive subsoils to environmental changes in humidity, activating its volume changes, requires a careful and comprehensive monitoring of structures susceptible to deformation. The article presents the method of the diagnostics of structures, located on an expansive subsoil in Poland. The methodology and preliminary results of the measurement of the vertical displacements of a building structure founded on expansive subsoil were presented. During field measurements, periodic geodetic measurements of structural displacements were carried out using classical precision levelling and the coordinate method of the Leica TDRA 6000 laser station. At the same time, geotechnical investigations were carried out describing the condition of the ground on which the structure is located. An analysis of the obtained results allowed determining the existing soil and water conditions and drawing unapparent conclusions regarding the causes of damage to the tested structure. On this basis, a further structures monitoring program was established.
Hot water tanks from the point of view of temperature and energy confrontation
Authors: Vranayova Zuzana , Kaposztasova Daniela
Published: July 2018

The main cause of outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease is from contaminated water sources. About 3 in 10 cases of Legionnaires' disease are due to poorly maintained water storage in buildings. A Tankless water heater can reduce your water-heating bill by five percent to fifty percent or more. A Tankless water heater is a continuous flow of hot water because it instantly heats the water as it goes through the heater. The question is if the Tankless water heater is more efficient than the tank water heater? In our experiment, using Water Quality Management methods, the water heater tank was verified as a source of ubiquitous bacteria’s that can cause health problems to users. Are the solar hot water systems also dangerous? The use of solar energy is very prospective and in the future it will be used in various sectors. The subject of the paper is a simulation of the operational modes of hot water preparation focused on its temperature and energy impact.
Hazards for buildings and structures caused by flood conditions
Authors: Wilk Krzysztof
Published: July 2018

Floods are one of the common natural phenomena that can cause a huge danger to people and building objects located in flood plains. The particularly severe effects of such disasters are felt in heavily urbanized areas [1, 2]. The development of river valleys causes difficulties in the flow of flood water and the protective embankments limit the possibility of the temporary accumulation of water. The consequence of this situation is increasing the level of the flood wave and thereby intensifying its negative impact. Damages to the building during inundations can be the result of not only the direct activity of the flood wave and surface water, but also changes in groundwater flow conditions, including the increase of their piezometric level [3, 4]. An increasing of groundwater pressure can intensify or initiate new phenomena related to permeability (suffosion, colmatation, etc.) and consequently conduce disadvantageous changes of soil substrate parameters [5]. The influence of such processes can be revealed later, after the floods stage recede. The local conditions of water flow and the ground structure have a direct impact on the probability of occurrence of specific phenomena threatening construction objects (initiated by floods).
Assessment of the possibility of profiting from solar energy through the use of walls with external sheet metal cladding
Authors: Żelazny Henryk
Published: July 2018

The possibility of profiting from solar radiation through external walls was studied for an experimental, windowless livestock building. Temperature measurements on the wall surfaces were taken during winter, in two measuring series. On the first day, the average sol-air temperature on the outer surface of the east-facing wall was 7.4 °C and was even up to 2.2 °C lower than temperature of the outdoor air which was 9.6 °C. With the averaged temperature of inner surface of the wall reaching 21.3 °C, heat transfer form the outside into the building was impossible. An identical tendency in temperature distribution on surfaces was noticed on the west-facing wall. In the second measuring cycle, the sun temperature on external wall surfaces increased significantly — 13.3 °C on the eastern side, and 14.1 °C on the western side. They were noticeably higher than the outdoor air temperature which was 9.1 °C. However, the high indoor surface temperatures on the eastern and western walls — 21.2 °C and 21.0 °C respectively, proved that in this case too, the transfer of heat generated by the sun’s radiation into the building was impossible. The tests results imply that we should exclude reheating the building with the heat from sun heat external walls during winter. However, a similar assessment including more measuring series and several objects, could be also be performed during interim seasons.
The smoke emission properties of selected elements of passenger car interior design
Authors: Zubek Łukasz
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the results of tests for smoke optical density conducted on five various elements of car interior design. The tested samples were taken from the dashboard, ceiling lining, floor lining, seats and side door upholstery. A smoke density chamber was used to measure the propensity of the materials to generate smoke after being exposed to a heat source. The specific optical density, as a function of time, was determined for each material. There were two burning conditions simulated: radiant heating in the absence of ignition, and flaming combustion in the presence of supporting radiation. The highest values for specific optical density were measured for the side door upholstery and driver’s dashboard. The tests results were compared with international optical smoke density requirements for the interior design of ships and trains.
Sewage system design for the Čierna Lehota - Slavošovce – Rochovce agglomeration
Authors: Repel Adam , Zeleňáková Martina , Markovič Gabriel , Findoráková Lenka
Published: July 2018

The development of public sewerage systems in Slovakia is significantly behind in the state of supply of drinking water. The number of inhabitants connected to the public sewerage system in Slovakia is considerably lagging behind in the state of the population supplied with drinking water, by about 28.4% less in the number of connected inhabitants. Designing sewerage in urbanized areas improves the quality of the environment and the quality of life of townspeople and municipalities. The aim of the paper is the processing of basic information about the current status of the affected area, designing alternative solutions for the sewerage subject area, a comparison of alternatives for proposed activity and the rationale for the selection of the optimal solution. An area of interest for the design of sewerage is the Čierna Lehota – Slavošovce – Rochovce agglomeration, which is located in the Košice Region in eastern Slovakia. The problem of this agglomeration is the method for the disposal of wastewaters, which are disposed of in non-ecological septic tanks or discharged directly into a local stream. In the paper are three proposals in the form of three different variants of sewage system according to relevant standards and documentation. At the end of this paper, an evaluation of the individual variants is presented.
The geometric parameters of plants on the spur dykes in a selected section of the Odra River
Authors: Hudak Magda
Published: July 2018

Spur dykes are structures for regulating rivers. They are designed for medium water levels, when spur dyke tops are above the water surface. In the central section of the Odra River the water level is changeable, and the spur dykes work in different hydrological conditions: as non-submerged and submerged. Correct recognition of the plant structure growing on the spur dykes is of great importance in the context of the subsequent allocation of its measure related to the hydraulic action, among others coefficients of resistance of plant zones and refers mainly to grasses. In hydraulic calculations, it is required to determine the value of flow resistance coefficients. In such a departure, the flow is omitted in the area occupied by vegetation. Therefore, it is necessary to know the quantitative characteristics of overgrowth. Vegetation should be presented in the form of a model reflecting the impact of plants growing on the spur dykes and their impact on the water flow conditions in the river. Literature data are not very numerous and are still awake unsatisfied. The paper presents the results of research on the density of vegetation on the Odra River in the Nowa Sól region.
Preventing diseases in an urban scale
Authors: Dmochowski Tymon
Published: July 2018

A perfect setup to prevent epidemics is currently in affect throughout the world. Sanitary engineering, though not directly, is largely responsible for the annihilation of many diseases that used to be very problematic, such as typhus or cholera. However, these diseases are outdated and haven't been a problem for over a century due to the success of infrastructure such as water treatment and sewage. Modern causes of death (such as car accidents) are still overshadowed by the death toll taken up by illness. What is different is the nature of those diseases. In order to prevent them, on a larger scale, a new approach must be created. This paper offers an idea on how to return to the core of sanitary engineering and improve modern health conditions by exploring the etiology of these afflictions and providing precise engineering solutions.
A comparative study of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) at Yogyakarta Railway Station
Authors: Putriani Okkie , Fauzi Ibnu
Published: July 2018

Optimizing the public transport and synergizing the land use can reduce the impact of urban development by attracting the development around the transit station. This situation encourages the accessibility of public transportation by creating conditions between passenger expectations realted to the concept Transit Oriented Development (TOD) between land use, mobility, and environment. This study was conducted by TOD with the area located in the center of local wisdom by cultural city, Yogyakarta Railway Station. The purpose of this study is to provide an alternative location where bus stops or Trans Jogja shelters are more easily accessible by users of rail services and facilitate the model’s transfer. The method of this research is descriptive quantitative. It explains the trans it function, needs and condition of Trans Jogja as the existing public transport and the accessibility of the bus stops. The conclusion is the recommendation for the bus stop location can be relocate near the dropout East and South area of the Railway Station
Evaluation of transport networks as disaster evacuation routes (Case study of flood disaster in Huamual Sub-District, Maluku)
Authors: Munawar Ahmad , Sujono Joko , Pamudji Rahardjo Adam , Murwono Joko , Nur Hamid Ahmad
Published: July 2018

As the global warming occurs, the effects of rainy and dry seasons in Indonesia have changed. Extreme rainfall causes some several disasters of such as flash floods and landslides which cause loss of life, damage to facilities, infrastructure and transport routes, as well as damage to the economy. The method used in this study began with a field survey conducted in Dusun Nasiri, Dusun Mange-mange, and Dusun Hatamanu to determine the condition of the road network between the centre of local government to the affected villages. In addition, laboratory tests were carried out in the Transport Laboratory, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. This study produced several maps by using ArcGIS software, and the laboratory tests produce findings on the feasibility of local materials for the restoration of the raod network. The maps showed the affected area and the routes for evacuation and the distribution of logistical, medical and paramedical aid, CFA, Makassar.
Pedestrian facilities evaluation using Pedestrian Level of Service (PLOS) for university area: Case of Bandung Institute of Technology
Authors: Sulaksono Wibowo Sony , Nurhalima Destri R. M.
Published: July 2018

Promotion of walking activities can be done by applying the concept of walkability through infrastructure improvement of pedestrian facilities. Knowledge of how well a highway can be pedestrian friendly and secure through pedestrian assessment become important. The pedestrian level of service (PLOS) is the most common approach to assessing the quality of pedestrian facility operations. This research evaluated pedestrian facilities by using several PLOS methods. i.e. HCM (2000), Trip Quality (Jazkiewicz, 1999), Gainesville (Dixon, 1996), and Australian (Main Roads WA, 2006), for the case of university area at Bandung Institute Technology. Data collection techniques used consisted of traffic counting survey and observation. Improvement recommendations are given to poorly rated performance indicators in the PLOS evaluation. The results of PLOS evaluations is vary and improvement of pedestrian facilities are still required on some indicator such as maintenance, effective width, lighting, access and supporting facility, crossing facilities, and potential conflict with vehicle.
Travel mode choice preferences of urban commuters in Kuching City, Malaysia based on stated preference data
Authors: Resdiansyah
Published: July 2018

One aspect of Kuching City that has not progressed in tandem with the rest of the city is the public transport system, which is relatively old and almost non-existent. Transport and City planners seem to be at their wit’s end in coming up with satisfactory solutions to Kuching’s public transportation woes. In current situation, many proposals, but none have proven workable. As a result, representative buses remain a rare sight on Kuching city’s roads. To achieve a sustainable public transport industry, the old buses need to be regenerated and replaced with modern buses. The objectives of the intended study are to explore the consumer’s travel behaviour by employing mode choice modelling. Consequently, a study was conducted in Kuching City Area by using stated preference technique, analysed and compiled by using SPSS.17 multiple linear regressions analysis. In this context, discrete choice analysis was used to examine the relationship between independent variables (travel time, waiting time, fares and comfort) and dependent variables (choice of respondent whether to consume old bus or choose new bus services). A total of 2000 respondents were interviewed. The findings showed that for the trips purpose, fares and comfortability were the primary factors that reflected the decision or behaviour of the respondents asked. It was discovered that there is a significant relationship between the choice of the respondents and comfortability. It also appeared that longer travel time did not affect for the traveler’s choice at this stage. Hence, the study suggests that the local authority and the bus operators should establish a “quality partnership” and working together in order to come out with a much better and appropriate transport policy and schemes for the existing public transportation systems, especially bus services.
Impact of the additional parking space on parallel parking maneuver time
Authors: Setiawan Rudy
Published: July 2018

The study reports the effect of additional parking space for the tandem parking upstream stall and downstream stall to reduce parking maneuver time compare with conventional parallel parking maneuver time. The experiments involving 295 students of Petra Christian University. Results indicate that, added one-meter additional parking space could reduce total maneuver time up to 29% for the upstream stall and 31% for the downstream stall, and also reduce 8% income from on-street parking fee, but also will reduce 35% loss due to the delay time caused by parallel parking maneuver.
Passenger satisfaction with railway station service quality: An Ordinal Logistic Regression approach
Authors: Kriswardhana Willy , Nuring Hayati Nunung , Septiana Desy R
Published: July 2018

The objective of this paper is to examine the service quality dimensions and passenger characteristics and its effect on passenger’s satisfaction on railway station. Jember Railway Station is a survey location where the questionnaires were spread. A total of 400 respondents who departure from Jember Railway Station were selected via convenience sampling method. The effects of characteristics and service quality items on the overall satisfaction were estimated using probabilistic approach. The thirteen service items extracted from Guidelines for Standardization of Railway Stations provide a representative framework of how passengers evaluate railway station service quality. This study illustrates how the probabilistic approach may be used for the direction of the effects of service quality and passengers’ characteristics on the probability that a passenger presents higher level of overall satisfaction. Direction for future research is presented.
Operation ballast water of commercial vessels in Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang
Authors: Tjahjono Agus , Handoko Wisnu , Purwantini Sri
Published: July 2018

The commercial vessel uses sea water to stabilty a vessel when the vessel is not loading a cargo. The water stabilized for the vessel is known as ballast water. The activity of loading the ballast water for the ship from origin port and dissposal to the distination port has caused impact on spreading the unidenfied organism the local port. Aim of the study to determine disposal value of water ballast either from a foreign merchant vessel or domestic merchant vessel so that Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang (PTES) is able to determine a policy on ballast administration from merchant vessel include a data of Arrival and Departure Report of the Vessels (ADRV) documents for the last five years (2009-2014). Disposal ballast water of domestic vessel to PTES is average about 37,036 m3 and increased by 76.68% in a year. Yearly ballast water disposed from the foreign commercial vessels has reached 576.045 m3 for the last 5 years. The increasing of ballast water is about 122.19%. Level of vunerability on the PTES waters is due to ballast water dissposal caused mainly from foreign commercial vessels. The PTES administration should provide water reservoir and and water ballast treatment of commercial vessels which has 51,090 m3/per month or 81,744 kl/month.
Customer perspective of Trans Metro Pekanbaru service on corridor Pandau-Ramayana
Authors: Zaenal Muttaqin Muchammad , Kudus Zaini Abdul
Published: July 2018

Characteristic of public transport service in a city could be different one and another because of passenger itself. Passengers with their experience explained more about service from bus. This research has aim to know service performance from Trans Metro Pekanbaru (TMP) based from customer perspective. Factor Analysis and Gap analysis used to know dominating parameter that represent it. The result showed students and employees (77.96 %) dominated for passenger group using Trans Metro Pekanbaru. All of customer perception could divide by three group among other psychological factor, primary needs service, and transit place factor. Psychological factor became highest opportunity to represent positive value of Trans Metro performance with level of service reach until 97.23 % compared by its expectation. On the other side, transit place factor was only has 81.5 % performance, thus it became primary focus for TMP to improve their performance to better service quality in the future.
What's the cause of the decrease in the number of angkot's passengers for LDG route in the city of Malang
Authors: Sugiarto Waloeya Budi , Widyawati Agustin Imma , Meru Utomo Dadang
Published: July 2018

Increasing the number of population every year in the city of Malang makes the increase also the number of private vehicle users who trigger the occurrence of congestion and lack of public interest to ride public transport, especially in terms of operation and service of public transportation. The main purpose of the research is to explore factors causing the decrease of public transport passengers for LDG route. The research used Importance Performance Analysis. The results showed that the main factors causing the decrease of the number of passengers on the LDG route in Malang City based on the public perception such as driver behavior, the condition of the transport (inside and outside), transportation hygiene, the availability of place to put luggage, the availability of seating, the availability of route / route information LDG transport, duration of stop transportation time at the terminal, and length of travel time.
Level vulnerability damage of pavement using Pavement Condition Index method
Authors: Nurjanah Ahmad Siti , Harianto Tri , Samang Lawalenna , Hustim Muralia
Published: July 2018

This study aims to assess the vulnerability of road pavement damage using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method, including the direction of handling pavement road damage. Assessment of the level of road surface damage is based on the type of damage, the degree of damage, and amount of damage. Field observations and surveys were conducted on several Collector roads in Kendari. The mean PCI score as an indicator of damage to the Mokodompit road segment shows moderate damage conditions with a mean the value PCIaverage = 53 and surface damage area = 34.419% and the countermeasures according to the Bina Marga Standard recommend patching and adding pavement layers. Assessment of vulnerabilities Manunggal road damage indicates moderate damage to the value PCIaverage = 49 With the extent of surface damage = 34,419% and the response according to Standard by filling a crack with a mixture of liquid asphalt and sand.
The method of diagnosing glued joints subjected to static loads
Authors: Jasińska Anna , Ligaj Bogdan , Miciak Mirosław
Published: July 2018

The article presents a new type of sample developed for the purpose of assessing the strength of glued joints. The construction and the idea of testing glued joints were described in detail. In the article put a question: what geometric features of the sample significantly affect the change in the stress values at the measuring points S1, S2 and S3 under the influence of the acting bending moment? Analysis of the results of numerical calculations allowed to state that the width of the glued joint h, spacing of connectors L3 and the thickness of the upper beam g1 significantly affect the value of stresses in points S1, S2 and S3.
Thermal imaging diagnostics locomotives
Authors: Sumtsov Andriy , Falendysh Anatoliy , Kletska Olha
Published: July 2018

The work considers the application of thermal imaging control in the operation of diesel locomotives. In particular, the diagnosis of electrical systems, cooling systems and compressors is considered. The results of the thermal imaging control of locomotives of the locomotive series CHME3 are presented. The directions of further researches for increase of efficiency of application of thermal imagers at diagnostics of a condition of systems and units of diesel locomotives are formulated.
Parametric evaluation of the technical object suitability based on analyze the quality of its maintenance and use taking into account the initial conditions
Authors: Grądzki Rafał
Published: July 2018

In this paper, the comparison of three various technical objects (engines of public transport buses) exploitation research for different initial conditions are presented. Object researches were carried out in 2012 and then repeated in 2013. Gathered operational data is presented in three sets (1 – concerning object, 2 – concerning driving conditions, 3 – concerning driver, where set 1 is the collection of diagnostic information Dk, and sets 2 and 3 are the information about object environment U) in form of conventional points (experts numerical assessments). Relation between point information of object and point information of environment was described by coupled equations of state (describing relations between operation condition and technical condition including initial conditions for each analyzed exploitation period). That method allows to determine parameters of technical condition aT and operation condition aR and next, from the course of aT parameter, set of parametrical damage mT(t) and from course of parameter aR – set of momentary damage aR(t). Thus it is possible to evaluate exploitation, technical and operation conditions of each object (bus engine). Received reliability parameters allows to properly control exploitation and service of particular objects and set of objects (fleet of buses) and its elements.
Methodology of machine destruction testing
Authors: Boykov Vladimir , Povarecho Aleksandr
Published: July 2018

This paper presents selected problems connected with automation of procedures involved in assessment of machine degradation degree using vibration method with special emphasis on the machine state prognosis. The current knowledge of these problems is not sufficient and needs further research on data processing, analysis of efficiency of diagnostic and prognostic procedures, collection and selection of diagnostic parameters and development of automatic procedures for recognition and prognosis of a machine state. New solutions and different aspects of diagnostic prognosis based on the proposed partial procedures focus on factors determining automation of procedures for identification of technical systems states. New automated procedures for acquisition and processing of symptoms indicating the machine state provide better possibilities of control and supervision of technical systems operation and maintenance through identification of their current states, and its good prognosis.
The diagnostic information valuation method in servicing tractors
Authors: Staszak Żaneta , Selech Jarosław , Marcinkiewicz Jacek , Romek Dawid , Włodarczyk Konrad , Gierz Łukasz , Wojcieszak Dawid
Published: July 2018

The objective of the article was to develop a method of evaluating diagnostic information basing on the existing systems of agricultural tractors diagnostic used in authorized service centers, which will improve of the quality of the evaluation process. Initially, available tractor diagnostic systems were identified in order to gather information about individual diagnostic signals. Following that, the information was verified by empirical evidence concerning a given failure. Thus, the work presents an original evaluation method of the information obtained from the agricultural tractor diagnostic. Obtaining diagnostic information generates certain costs, hence, it is necessary to rationalize and make the processes efficient. Further part of the thesis contains a description and logical verification of the developed method using empirical database. Finally, we presented the method's application for evaluating diagnostic information obtained from the tractor computer diagnostic, in order to examine its effectiveness and for a final verification.The described method of validating diagnostic information creates new cognitive and pragmatic possibilities.
Wind turbine condition monitoring system as a source of diagnostic information
Authors: Borowski Sylwester , Szubartowski Mirosław , Knopik Leszek , Migawa Klaudiusz
Published: July 2018

The issues relating to the necessity of monitoring the wind turbines’ condition and operation are presented in the study. The wind turbines of high powers, are very expensive and complicated machines requiring appropriate control and high quality technical service. The idea of appropriate technical turbine’s maintaining, combines its high availability and productivity, as well as minimization of the costs related to failures and unexpected damages. Remote diagnostic systems allow obtaining the basic information, making it possible to maintain and appropriate control, use and high quality technical service.
Estimation of the stress-strain state of ultra-low pressure tires
Authors: Boykov Vladimir , Zhdanovich Cheslav , Dzioma Andrey , Wilczarska Joanna
Published: July 2018

To study the stress-strain state and evaluate the operability and durability of the ultra-low pressure tire F118A ns2, its three-dimensional model was developed on the basis of which a finite element model was developed, load regimes were established, and calculations were performed. We consider such modes as tire landing on the disk, pumping the tire to the nominal pressure, loading the tire with the weight of the chassis taking into account contact with the support surface to determine the static contact spot, rolling the tire at a constant speed, and analyzing the non-stationary rolling.
Review of car operation safety system elements
Authors: Dąbrowski Tadeusz , Rosiński Adam
Published: July 2018

The paper includes a review of the following terms: anthropotechnical system, a layered model of an object operation process, safe car operation system structure. The current and predicted solutions in terms of car equipment impact on the safety of a driver-vehicle-road system were presented in detail.
Algorithms for diagnostics of the hydraulic pressure modulators of ABS / ESP systems in stand conditions
Authors: Gajek Andrzej , Strzępek Piotr , Dobaj Krzysztof
Published: July 2018

The article presents possibilities of extending the scope of ABS / ESP systems control as part of periodic vehicle technical inspection. It was proposed to check the functioning of the ABS / ESP system based on the evaluation of its effects in the form of dynamic changes of braking forces measured on the roller diagnostic stand. The tested system is started by a diagnostic tester through the OBD socket in the car during the implementation of active tests. The effect of the system is checked on the basis of the analysis of the course of braking forces. This allows to detect those mechatronic system failures that are not detected by on-board diagnostic systems. The algorithms for control of ABS and ESP modulators using diagnostic testers are presented.
The influence of the applied window function and sampling frequency on the assessment accuracy of the turbine engine in flight control condition based on its ground tests
Authors: Golak Karol , Lindstedt Paweł
Published: July 2018

The article presents the basis of the method allowing to assess the state of control condition of a turbine jet engine during the plane flight when the input signal to the engine is unpredictable interference signal „z". Method is based only on signals acquired during engine ground test when the input signal is „w" delivered by technical support using the engine control lever (DSS). The control state of the engine both from the set value „w" and „z" is expressed by the quotient of its cross power spectral densities (in frequency domain). The way of transition from the frequency domain to the time domain was presented, it allows to obtain step responses of engine from „z" and „w", greatly facilitating the interpretation of the obtained results.. The analysis of the influence of choosing types of the window function and signals sampling frequency on the accuracy of the proposed model has been carried out.
Analysis of the vehicle operation process including diagnostic information
Authors: Siergiejczyk Mirosław , Rosiński Adam , Wawrzyński Marcin
Published: July 2018

Modern telecommunications techniques allow for continuous transmission of information from vehicles to dispatch centres during the operation process. The information included in this transmission may contain diagnostic data that make it possible to monitor the state of responsible components of the vehicle construction. The article presents the issues related to the analysis of the vehicle operation process including information received with the use of a CAN bus. The model of the vehicle operation process was presented, and the diagnosis state was taken into account. The use of transport telematics systems and intelligent transport systems in transport allow for the rolling stock profiling at the next stage. Owing to the rolling stock profiling, operational databases powered by a telematics interface are created. This, in turn, will allow to carry out the operational application process along with further optimisation of the operation process.
Autocalibration of gyroscope based two-step regulator for autonomous vehicles.
Authors: Wasilewski Piotr , Chojnowski Krystian , Grądzki Rafał
Published: July 2018

In this article was presented an auto calibration algorithm based on a two-step regulator and gyroscope readings. Unable to use PID, as the PWM signal causes the motors to overheat, it was decided to introduce a two-step algorithm. This type of controller reaches the setpoint much faster, though an error is present. Gyroscope is used to sample angular speed and then integrate these values to get the angle. To calibrate the offsets the robot performs a calibration run during which it measures and averages the error on each gyroscope axis while no movement is present. Afterwards it makes a characteristics of braking angle and angular speed. Interpolated polynomial from 13 samples allows to designate the point in time where the braking has to start to achieve the desired angle. The calibration aims for adjusting the parameters of movement depending on the surface it runs on. Additional check is made using encoders to estimate the accuracy of gyroscope output.
Methodology for measuring car traction parameters
Authors: Kolator Bronisław , Janulin Michał
Published: July 2018

The article presents methodology for testing the traction parameters of the vehicle on the laboratory stand. The tests have been carried out using MAHA LPS 3000 chassis dynamometer. Power output can be measured in two ways, at steady state or during acceleration. Both have benefits as well as drawbacks. Car manufacturers are required to use steady state tests for certification of power output. It has an advantage as it is a well defined test that is easy to repeat and verify. The problem with results measured during acceleration is that the acceleration itself has a considerable effect on the result.
Diagnostics of the bainite transformation mechanism and the effect of normalizing and tempering on the hardness and microstructure of the new Cr-Mo-V-Ti steel for operation at elevated temperature
Authors: Ławrynowicz Zdzisław
Published: July 2018

The Cr-Mo-V-Ti based low alloy steels are widely used in thermal power plants because of their ability to withstand elevated temperatures and high pressure under continuous service. In the present work conventional heat treatment like normalizing and tempering of the alloys has been performed. The material used in this study was the laboratory prepared experimental low alloy Cr-Mo-V-Ti steel. Samples were austenitized at 980oC for 0.5 hour air cooled and tempered at 500, 550, 600, 650, 700 and 750oC for 1 hour. Mechanism of bainite transformation has been studied in Fe-C-Cr-Mo-V-Ti steel using high speed dilatometry. These experimental data indicate that bainitic ferrite forms by a displacive transformation mechanism, but soon afterwards, excess of carbon is partitioned into the residual austenite. The changes observed in the microstructure of the steel tempered at the higher temperature, i.e. 750°C were more advanced than those observed at the temperature of 500°C. Performed microstructural investigations have shown that the degradation of the microstructure of the examined steel was mostly connected with the processes of recovery and polygonization of the matrix, disappearance of lath bainitic microstructure and the growth of the carbides. The magnitude of these changes depended on the temperature of tempering.
Stress tests on the truck frame for the purpose of the method to determine the endurance and reliability of special vehicles
Authors: Gotowicki Paweł , Siminski Przemysław
Published: July 2018

The frame is the most vulnerable construction component of special purpose trucks. It is vital to provide reliability of that component. The article describes the stress and torsion angle tests, caused by load for the purpose of the method to determine the endurance and reliability.
The research of traffic offences by pedestrians on the unregulated crossings with humps
Authors: Korzhova Antonina , Kapski Denis
Published: July 2018

The article presents the results of the study of traffic offenses by pedestrians on the unregulated crossings equipped with humps. The analysis of behavioral features of pedestrians is made taking into account traffic conditions and intensity of transport and pedestrian streams.
Application of surface frequency functions to assess the state of the kinematic pair elements
Authors: Matuszewski Maciej , Słomion Małgorzata , Musiał Janusz , Bustilo Andres
Published: July 2018

In this paper the possibility of using frequency functions of the kinematic pair surface layer elements was analyzed for evaluation of the surface layer condition. The function of spectral power density and autocorrelation which were accepted for analysis was characterized. Evaluation of the elements condition was made on the quantify way as changes in degree of isotropy and in the qualitative way based on the graphs of the analyzed frequency functions. After tribological tests the surface structures were adopted to assess the changes. Spectral graphs for structures without cooperation (directly after-machining) and for the different friction distance, were analyzed. Conditions during tribological tests were taken as permanent. The determined degree of isotropy basis on the frequency functions and received graphs of spectra power density function and autocorrelation become useful in evaluation of the surface layer changes during its transformation.
Sinnvoller Antibiotikaeinsatz beim älteren Menschen
Authors: Heppner Hans , Walger Peter
Published: July 2018

Was ist neu?

Pharmakokinetische Veränderungen Bereits von Anfang an muss eine adäquate Konzentration am Wirkort erreicht werden und daher erfolgt Erstdosis des Antibiotikums ohne Berücksichtigung einer Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion. Hierbei spielt auch die prolongierte Gabe eine Rolle. Bei Antibiotika, die über die Konzentrationsabhängigkeit wirken (Aminoglykoside, zyklische Lipopeptide), müssen bei Vorliegen einer eingeschränkten Nierenfunktion die Dosisintervalle verlängert werden. Bei Antibiotika mit zeitabhängiger Wirksamkeit (Betalaktame, Makrolide, Linezolid, Clindamycin) muss, bei gleich bleibenden Dosisintervallen, die Dosis reduziert werden.

Antibiotikaauswahl Die Indikation zur Therapie ist immer in Abhängigkeit vom Schweregrad der Symptome und vom Risikoprofil abhängig. Biologische Nebenwirkungen wie c. difficile Infektionen (CDI) sind bei geriatrischen Patienten besonders zu beachten.

Antibiotic Stewardship Neben der Auswahl der Wirksubstanz sind immer Dauer, Dosis und Dosisintervall der Therapie im Fokus, um eine Verbesserung der Qualität in der Verordnung zu gewährleisten. Das beste klinische Behandlungsergebnis soll unter Minimierung von Toxizität, Resistenzentwicklung und Kosten erreicht werden.

Antibiotikaassoziierte Nebenwirkungen/Interaktionen Beim älteren Patienten sind aufgrund der Multimedikation mehr medikamentöse Nebenwirkungen und Interaktionen zu erwarten. De Einsatz von Cephalosporinen oder Fluorchinolonen als Primärtherapie sollte wegen des Risikos der Clostridium-difficile-Infektion vermieden werden.
Empfehlung zum Calcitonin-Screening bei Struma nodosa
Authors: Frank-Raue Karin , Schott Matthias , Raue Friedhelm ,   im Namen der Sektion Schilddrüse der DGE
Published: July 2018

Was ist neu?

Calcitonin-Bestimmung Die neuen vollautomatischen Chemilumineszenz-Immunoassays erlauben eine sichere Festlegung geschlechtsspezifischer oberer Referenzwerte für Calcitonin.

Calcitonin-Erhöhung Der Graubereich mit unspezifisch erhöhten Calcitonin-Spiegeln durch andere Erkrankungen oder Medikamente ist inzwischen besser zu definieren.

Calcitonin-Screening bei Struma nodosa Eine Empfehlung zur Schilddrüsenoperation wird ab einem basalen Calcitonin-Grenzwert von über 30 pg/ml bei Frauen und über 60 pg/ml bei Männern gesehen. Damit gelingt aus unserer Sicht eine gute Balance zwischen Übertherapie, d. h. Schilddrüsenoperationen bei erhöhtem Calcitonin und benigner Histologie, und dem Risiko, ein im Frühstadium befindliches MTC zu übersehen. Die Durchführung eines Calcitonin-Stimulationstests ist nicht mehr erforderlich. Werte im Graubereich (20 – 30 pg/ml bei Frauen und 30 – 60 pg/ml bei Männern) sollten im Abstand von 3 – 6 Monaten kontrolliert und bei Überschreitung der Grenzwerte operiert werden. Berücksichtigt man zusätzlich die Tatsache, dass bei Calcitonin-Werten < 100 pg/ml eine nahezu 100 %ige Heilungsrate zu erreichen ist, führt dies zu einer weiteren Verbesserung der Zuverlässigkeit in der Nutzung basaler Calcitonin-Werte im Calcitonin-Screening der Struma nodosa.

Calcitonin-Screening bei familiären medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinomen Zum Ausschluss einer hereditären Variante eines medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinoms (RET-Mutation) sollte bei Erstdiagnose eine molekulargenetische Untersuchung erfolgen. Ein Phäochromozytom und ein primärer Hyperparathyreoidismus sollten vor Thyreoidektomie ausgeschlossen/diagnostiziert werden. Der optimale Zeitpunkt der prophylaktischen Thyreoidektomie wird unter Berücksichtigung des Aggressionspotenzials der RET-Mutation und des Calcitonin-Spiegels gewählt.
Impfungen: Was ist neu?
Authors: Seybold Ulrich
Published: July 2018

Was ist neu?

Influenza Ab der Saison 2018/19 werden ausschließlich quadrivalente Influenzaimpfstoffe zum Einsatz kommen.

Meningokokken Auch nach Verfügbarkeit von jeweils 2 Präparaten für die MenACWY- und MenB-Impfung empfiehlt die Ständige Impfkommission (STIKO) diese nur bei spezifischen Immundefekten, für Kinder weiter nur die MenC-Impfung ab 12 Monaten.

HPV Die STIKO empfiehlt 2018/19 erstmals die HPV-Impfung auch für Jungen, jedoch weiter nicht für Erwachsene. Weiter keine Präferenz des nonavalenten Impfstoffs.

Herpes Zoster Überzeugende Studiendaten für den seit Mai 2018 verfügbaren adjuvantierten Subunit-Zoster-Impfstoff lassen eine Stellungnahme der STIKO erwarten.

CMV Negative Studienergebnisse für die DNA-Vakzine ASP0113 bei Nieren- und Stammzelltransplantat-Empfängern bedeuten eine Verzögerung auf dem Weg zu einer CMV-Impfung.

Ebola Der erst im Rahmen des Ausbruchs 2013 – 2016 entwickelte rVSV-ZEBOV-Impfstoff wird bereits im aktuellen Ausbruch im Kongo eingesetzt.
Molecular Signatures of Lithium Treatment: Current Knowledge
Authors: Bellivier Frank , Marie-Claire Cynthia
Published: July 2018

Lithium (Li) is the key mood stabilizer in the prevention of mood recurrences and suicide in bipolar disorders. However, only one-third of patients become asymptomatic with Li treatment, and to date, no clinical markers can predict this response variability. Li is a multitargeting drug, complicating an understanding of its mechanisms of action. The present article reviews Li’s various biological effects, including those obtained in transcriptomic and epigenetic studies, in both humans and animal models. A molecular signature of the therapeutic response to Li is urgently required, including possibly from the circulation. This would better clarify the therapeutic mechanism of Li’s action as well as the development of clinical biomarkers. As such, the biological underpinnings of Li’s beneficial effects should provide clearer understanding of the varying pathophysiological processes in bipolar disorder presentations, with implications for classification and clinical management, possibly leading to a personalized prescription.