bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilim Tarihi Disiplini ve Bilim Tarihine Farklı Yaklaşımlar
Authors: UNAT Yavuz
Published: December 2021

Bilim tarihi, bilginin hangi aşamalardan geçerek bugün bilim dediğimiz bilgi türünün oluştuğunu, bilime ne gibi ve ne zamanlar katkılar yapıldığını konu edinen bir disiplindir. Bilim tarihi bu süreçte özellikle şu noktalara dikkatini yoğunlaştırmaktadır: Bilginin aşamalarını belirlemek, bilimsel kuramların doğuşunu ve gelişimini olgusal ve deneysel verilere dayanarak betimlemek, bir toplumun bilime ne zaman ve hangi durumlarda katkı yapabildiğini örneklerle ortaya koymak, bu katkılar yapılırken bilim adamlarının nasıl bir uğraş verdiklerini, kullandıkları yöntemleri, araç ve gereçleri göz önüne sermek, bilimin değerini ve önemini sorgulayarak, bilimsel etkinliği bütün yönleriyle tanımaya ve tanıtmaya çalışmak, elde edilen bilimsel sonuçların uygulamaya nasıl geçirildiklerini, bunların insan yaşamında ne gibi değişikliklere neden olduğunu incelemek, bir toplumun bilime katkı yapacak düzeye getirilebilmesi için neler yapılması gerektiğini somut örneklere dayanarak göstermek.
Bu makalemizde bilim tarihi disiplinin dünyada ve Türkiye’deki gelişimi üzerinde durulacak ve bilim tarihi üzerine yöntemler tartışılacaktır.
Astronomi Aletleri Tarihi: Usturlap ve Rubu Tahtası
Authors: TAĞMAN Ertan
Published: December 2021

Bilim tarihi çalışmaları da “klasik” eserler üzerinden bir anlam kurma çabası olarak tanımlanabilir. Latince Classius’tan türemiş, “en yüksek sınıfa mensup” anlamına gelen bu ve giderek tek başına mükemmellik ifade eden bu kavram sözcük, egemen sınıfların üstünlüğünün bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Geçmişin seçkin ve gösterişli yapıtlarını ifade etmek ve daha çok geçmişe duyulan bir hayranlığı dile getirmek için kullanılan bu kavramın içeriği bugünkü imkânlara sahip olmayan ataların nasıl olup da muazzam bilgilere ulaştığına dair merakı barındırmaktadır. Bu bilgilerden şüphesiz en dikkat çekici olan astronomidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, gökyüzünün bu ilgi çekici ahenginde düzenlilik arayan insanların, bu düzenliliği saptamak için kullandıkları astronomi aletleri hakkında kısa bir bilgilendirme yapmak ve bu aletlerin astronominin gelişimine katkısını belirlemektir. Bunun için özellikle usturlap ve usturlapla aynı ilkelere göre oluşturulan ve usturlabın ¼ biçiminde olan rub’u tahtası gibi aletler hakkında bilgi verilecek ve astronomi tarihi içerisindeki yeri gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır. Bu aletler hakkındaki bilgilerimiz astronomi anlayışımıza önemli katkılar sunmaktadır.
Knowledge-based decision intelligence in street lighting management
Authors: Sousa Cristóvão , Teixeira Daniel , Carneiro Davide , Nunes Diogo , Novais Paulo
Published: December 2021

As the availability of computational power and communication technologies increases, Humans and systems are able to tackle increasingly challenging decision problems. Taking decisions over incomplete visions of a situation is particularly challenging and calls for a set of intertwined skills that must be put into place under a clear rationale. This work addresses how to deliver autonomous decisions for the management of a public street lighting network, to optimize energy consumption without compromising light quality patterns. Our approach is grounded in an holistic methodology, combining semantic and Artificial Intelligence principles to define methods and artefacts for supporting decisions to be taken in the context of an incomplete domain. That is, a domain with absence of data and of explicit domain assertions.
The algebraic solvability of the novel lamplighter puzzle
Authors: Gregor Connor , Ashlock Daniel , Willms Allan R.
Published: December 2021

In this study, the group of finite cyclic lamplighter states is reinterpreted as the novel lamplighter puzzle. The rules of the puzzle are outlined and related back to properties of the lamplighter group with specific interest placed upon the discussion of which puzzle instances are solvable. The paper shows that, through the use of algebra, many puzzle instances can be identified as solvable without the use of an exhaustive search algorithm. Solvability depends upon the creation of irregular generating sets for subgroups of the finite cyclic lamplighter group and the cosets formed by these subgroups. Further possible generalizations of the lamplighter puzzle are also discussed in closing.
Altering muscle activity in the lower extremities by bipedal landing with different drop tasks and shoes
Authors: Yang Yang , Yu Changxiao , Yang Chenhao , Deng Liqin , Fu Weijie
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:

The ability of the lower-extremity muscle activation directly affects the performance and in turn interacts with the loading conditions of the muscle itself. However, systematic information concerning the characteristics of lower-extremity muscle during landings is lacking. In particular, the landing height and shoes are also important factors based on the actual situation, which could further contribute to understanding the neuromuscular activity and how biochemical response of the body tissues to double-leg drop landings.

OBJECTIVE:

The study was to investigate the effects of landing tasks on the activation of lower-extremity muscles and explore the relationship among movement control, landing heights, shoe cushioning, and muscle activities.

METHODS:

Twelve male basketball players were recruited to perform drop jump (DJ) and passive landing (PL) from three heights (30, 45, and 60 cm) while wearing highly-cushioned basketball shoes (HC) and less-cushioned control shoes (LC). EMG electrodes were used to record the activities of the target muscles (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and lateral gastrocnemius) during the landing tasks.

RESULTS:

Pre- and post-activation activity of the lower-extremity muscles significantly decreased during PL compared with those during DJ ([Formula: see text] 0.05). No significant shoe effects on the characteristics of muscle activation and coactivation during DJ movements were observed. However, the participants wearing LC showed significantly higher muscle post-activation ([Formula: see text] 0.05) at the three drop heights during PL compared with those wearing HC. Coactivation of the ankle muscles was higher in LC than in HC during 30-cm PL ([Formula: see text] 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

The activation patterns of lower-extremity muscles can be significantly influenced by landing types. Highly-cushioned basketball shoes would help reduce the risk of injuries by appropriately tuning the muscles during the PL.
Prevalence and Incidence Rates of Dementia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study of Electronic Health Records in Israel
Authors: Lutski Miri , Rasooli Iris , Sternberg Shelley , Lemberger John , Mery Nisim , Shohat Tamy , Zucker Inbar
Published: December 2021

Background: Data on the rate of dementia is essential for planning and developing appropriate services at the national level. Objective: We report the prevalence and incidence of dementia, based on electronic health records available for the whole population. Methods: This national dementia dataset was established as a part of the National Program to Address Alzheimer’s and Other Types of Dementia. Data from medical health records for all persons aged 45+ in Israel, for 2016, were extracted from the databases of the four health maintenance organizations. Dementia cases were identified based on either recorded dementia diagnosis, through International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9 and ICD-10) or dispensation of anti-dementia drugs. The date of first diagnosis was determined by the earliest recording. Results: A total of 65,951 persons with dementia, aged 45+, were identified from electronic health data. Based on both ICD codes and anti-dementia drugs, the prevalence rates of dementia among individuals aged 45+ and 65+ in 2016 were 2.5%and 6.4%, respectively, and the incidence rates were 0.49%and 1.3%, respectively. Based on ICD codes alone, the prevalence rates of dementia among individuals aged 45+ and 65+ in 2016 were 2.1%and 5.4%respectively, and the incidence rates were 0.36%and 0.96%respectively. The rates were higher among females compared to males and paradoxically lower in lower socioeconomic status compared to higher statuses. Conclusion: This data collection reflects the present access of dementia patients to medical care resources and provides the basis for service planning and future dementia policies.
Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies Hub Genes Associated with Viral Infection and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Sun Xiaoru , Zhang Hui , Yao Dongdong , Xu Yaru , Jing Qi , Cao Silu , Tian Li , Li Cheng
Published: December 2021

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, the etiology of which is unclear. Previous studies have suggested that some viruses are neurotropic and associated with AD. Objective: By using bioinformatics analysis, we investigated the potential association between viral infection and AD. Methods: A total of 5,066 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the temporal cortex between AD and control samples were identified. These DEGs were then examined via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and clustered into modules of genes with similar expression patterns. Of identified modules, module turquoise had the highest correlation with AD. The module turquoise was further characterized using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analysis. Results: Our results showed that the KEGG pathways of the module turquoise were mainly associated with viral infection signaling, specifically Herpes simplex virus, Human papillomavirus, and Epstein-Barr virus infections. A total of 126 genes were enriched in viral infection signaling pathways. In addition, based on values of module membership and gene significance, a total of 508 genes within the module were selected for further analysis. By intersecting these 508 genes with those 126 genes enriched in viral infection pathways, we identified 4 hub genes that were associated with both viral infection and AD: TLR2, COL1A2, NOTCH3, and ZNF132. Conclusion: Through bioinformatics analysis, we demonstrated a potential link between viral infection and AD. These findings may provide a platform to further our understanding of AD pathogenesis.
A comparative study of different prediction models in predicting human resource demands
Authors: Huang Bo
Published: December 2021

This study analyzed three prediction models: ID model, GM (1,1) model and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model. Firstly, the principles of the three models were introduced, and the prediction methods of the three models were analyzed. Then, taking enterprise A as an example, the demand for human resources was predicted, and the prediction results of the three models were compared. The results showed that the maximum and minimum errors were 240 people and 12 people respectively in the prediction results of the ID3 model and 64 people and 37 people respectively in the prediction results of the GM (1, 1) model; the errors of the BPNN model were smaller than ten people, and the minimum value of the BPNN model was three people, which was in good agreement with the actual value. The prediction of the human resource demand of enterprise A in the future five years with the BPNN model suggested that the demand for employees would growing rapidly. The results show that the BPNN model has better reliability and can be popularized and applied in practice.
Monitoring analysis and environmental assessment of mine subsidence based on surface displacement monitoring
Authors: Ding Kuo , Li Hui
Published: December 2021

Over the past several years, a metal mine by block caving method has experienced a long-term and progressive surface deformation and fracturing, and then we start our investigation based on this background. The location of surface rupture was based on a series of mapping activities and the deformation data was collected by GPS from 2013 to 2016. In this paper, emphasis was put on the analysis of the fissures, deformation and stress of surface subsidence. Results reveal the diversity magnitude and structural features of surface deformation and ground fissures. In addition, the time dependent behavior is comprehended and the subsidence zone reflects different types of time-displacement curve – regressive phase, steady phase and progressive phase, all these achievements indicate the complexity and diversity of the subsidence zone. On the other hand, stress calculation which inspired from the mechanical model of the cracking of hole wall is carried out, it is meaningful to understand the relation between fracture features, displacement vectors and horizontal stress.
Design of a spray dedusting system with variable particle size
Authors: Li Guan , Wang Biao , Bu Xiangli , Wang Di , He Jingkang
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes a spray control system with variable particle size to address the inaccuracy of droplet size control in the existing spray dedusting system. A PID control algorithm with stable air and water pressure is adopted to ensure droplet size uniformity. An experimental device of the droplet control system is built in the laboratory to verify the algorithm’s effectiveness. Experiments were conducted using PLC as the core controller to verify the influence of different types of nozzles on the droplet size under the same air pressure and water pressure through experiments. The results show: (1) the systems droplet size range is 8–200 μm, which meets the dust removal conditions of respirable dust and is suitable for dust removal. (2) When measured under identical experimental conditions, the droplet size decreases as the nozzle angle increases. It was shown that the spray system combined with various sprinklers can achieve full droplet size coverage and improve the efficiency of dust-fall. It provides a solution for the existing dust removal system to flexibly change the droplet size according to the dust size.
Internet of vehicles security situation awareness based on intrusion detection protection systems
Authors: Bai Jian , Zhang Zhuo , Shen Bingshen
Published: December 2021

With the rise of technologies such as mobile Internet, 5G networks and artificial intelligence, the development of Internet of Vehicle Information Security (ICVS) has become the mainstream and direction for the future development of the automotive industry. ICVS, people, roads, clouds, and APP constitute a complex network of vehicles. As part of the Internet, vehicle networking will inevitably face various complex information security threats and risks. This paper aims to design a kind of security situation awareness of Internet of vehicles based on intrusion detection protection systems (IDPS). By collecting the security data of car, app and private cloud for big data analysis, the whole smart car security situation awareness system is constructed. The system can be used to analyze potential threats, send out warnings, and carry out emergency responses.
A Longitudinal Study of Quantitative Muscle Strength and Functional Motor Ability in Ambulatory Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Buckon Cathleen E. , Sienko Susan E. , Fowler Eileen G. , Bagley Anita M. , Staudt Loretta A. , Sison-Williamson Mitell , Heberer Kent R. , McDonald Craig M. , Sussman Michael D.
Published: December 2021

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder, that is characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and loss of ambulation between 7–13 years of age. Novel pharmacological agents targeting the genetic defects and disease mechanisms are becoming available; however, corticosteroid (CS) therapy remains the standard of care. Objective: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to elucidate the effect of CS therapy on the rate of muscle strength and gross motor skill decline in boys with DMD and assess the sensitivity of selected outcome measures. Methods: Eighty-four ambulatory boys with DMD (49–180 months), 70 on CS, 14 corticosteroid naïve (NCS), participated in this 8-year multi-site study. Outcomes included; isokinetic dynamometry, the Standing (STD) and Walking/Running/jumping (WRJ) dimensions of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), and Timed Function Tests (TFTs). Nonlinear mixed modeling procedures determined the rate of change with age and the influence of steroids. Results: Despite CS therapy the rate of decline in strength with age was significant in all muscle groups assessed. CS therapy significantly slowed decline in knee extensor strength, as the NCS group declined at 3x the rate of the CS group. Concurrently, WRJ skills declined in the NCS group at twice the rate of the CS group. 4-stair climb and 10 meter walk/run performance was superior in the boys on CS therapy. Conclusion: CS therapy slowed the rate of muscle strength decline and afforded longer retention of select gross motor skills in boys on CS compared to boys who were NCS. Isokinetic dynamometry, Walk/Run/Jump skills, and select TFTs may prove informative in assessing the efficacy of new therapeutics in ambulatory boys with DMD.
Adaptation and implementation of the Batz guide for bedside advocacy in two hospitals
Authors: Rodríguez Viviana , Machiavello Dolores , Spira Cintia , Ruiz Juan , Canteros Fernando , Roberti Javier , Belizán María , García-Elorrio Ezequiel
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: The patients’ guide by the Batz Patient Safety Foundation promotes patients’ active participation in healthcare and a safe hospital experience. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to adapt the Spanish version of the guide to the local context and evaluate its acceptability from healthcare professionals’ and patients’ perspectives in two hospitals in Buenos Aires, Argentina. METHODS: This implementation study had a formative research phase to adapt the guide with input from individual interviews and focus group discussions. The intervention comprised training sessions for professionals on patient-centered care and use of the guide, the appointment of coordinators, and distribution of the guide. The adapted guide (section During Admission) was distributed in two hospitals. Before and after intervention, we administered surveys to explore acceptability, utility, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: Findings from formative research showed that the Batz guide needed to be shortened and adapted to the local healthcare context Although professionals had agreed on the importance of clinical guidelines; after using the Batz guide, they found it complex and difficult to implement. Patients’ satisfaction with healthcare before and after implementing the guide did not differ significantly. Best scores were found in items related to availability of nurses, staff competence and staff kindness. A 78% of patients found the Batz guide useful. CONCLUSION: It is of critical importance to adapt the guide to the local culture, pilot it, and provide training to promote its implementation, improving acceptability and utility.
Homo pair formations of thiobarbituric acid: DFT calculations and QTAIM analysis
Authors: Fatahiyan Leila , Taghva Manesh Afshin , Masan Abadi Nasrin
Published: December 2021

Homo pair formations of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) were investigated in this work by performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the quantum theory of atoms in molecule (QTAIM) analysis. Different types of interactions including N–H . . . O, N–H . . . S, C–H . . . O, and C–H . . . S were involved in formations of five models of homo pair of TBA. In this regard, the results of energy strength and QTAIM features indicated that the model with two N–H . . . O interacting bond (D1) was placed at the highest stability and the model with one N–H . . . O and one C–H . . . S interacting bonds (D5) was placed at the lowest stability. Existence of hydrogen bond (HB) interactions in the models were confirmed based on the obtained results. As a consequence, self-interaction of TBA, as an initiator of pharmaceutical compounds production, was investigated in this work in addition to recognition of existence of different types of interactions.
Combining inhibitory and facilitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment improves motor function by modulating GABA in acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Chen Qing-Mei , Yao Fei-Rong , Sun Hai-Wei , Chen Zhi-Guo , Ke Jun , Liao Juan , Cai Xiu-Ying , Yu Li-Qiang , Wu Zhen-Yan , Wang Zhi , Pan Xi , Liu Hao-Yu , Li Li , Zhang Quan-Quan , Ling Wei-Hua , Fang Qi
Published: December 2021

Background:

The combination of inhibitory and facilitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve motor function of stroke patients with undefined mechanism. It has been demonstrated that rTMS exhibits a neuro-modulatory effect by regulating the major inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in other diseases.

Objectives:

To evaluate the effect of combined inhibitory and facilitatory rTMS on GABA in the primary motor cortex (M1) for treating motor dysfunction after acute ischemic stroke.

Methods:

44 ischemic stroke patients with motor dysfunction were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group was stimulated with 10 Hz rTMS at the ipsilesional M1 and 1 Hz rTMS at the contralesional M1. The sham group received bilateral sham stimulation at the motor cortices. The GABA level in the bilateral M1 was measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at 24 hours before and after rTMS stimulation. Motor function was measured using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). The clinical assessments were performed before and after rTMS and after 3 months.

Results:

The treatment group exhibited a greater improvement in motor function 24 hours after rTMS compared to the sham group. The increased improvement in motor function lasted for at least 3 months after treatment. Following 4 weeks of rTMS, the GABA level in the ipsilesional M1 of the treatment group was significantly decreased compared to the sham group. Furthermore, the change of FMA score for motor function was negatively correlated to the change of the GABA:Cr ratio. Finally, the effect of rTMS on motor function outcome was partially mediated by GABA level change in response to the treatment (27.7%).

Conclusions:

Combining inhibitory and facilitatory rTMS can decrease the GABA level in M1, which is correlated to the improvement of motor function. Thus, the GABA level in M1 may be a potential biomarker for treatment strategy decisions regarding rTMS neuromodulatory interventions.
Reaching in sitting: The effect of seat design and body manipulations
Authors: Ademiluyi Adeolu , Aruin Alexander S.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Sitting is a common and familiar position used daily as a platform for many motor activities in the workplace, at school, or at home. OBJECTIVE: To investigate how difference in the chair design and selected sitting manipulations contribute to reach distance in sitting. METHODS: Ten healthy subjects were required to reach forward as far as possible while sitting in an adjustable chair with 0°, 10° forward or 10° backward inclination of the seat, with and without footrest and leg support, with legs crossed, and when holding the edge of the seat with the contralateral arm. RESULTS: In comparison to sitting with feet on the footrest, the maximal reaching distance decreased significantly when sitting on either forward or backward inclined seat (p < 0.05) and it increased when the subjects held the edge of the seat while seated with footrest and the posterior leg support (p < 0.05). There was no major effect of crossing the legs or the use of anterior leg support on the maximal reach distance. CONCLUSIONS: Modification of the chair design could increase or decrease reaching distance in sitting. The outcome of the study provides a background for future investigations of the effect of sitting positions on reaching distance in the workplace, at home, or at school.
Injury analysis of teachers’ occupational accidents
Authors: Rey-Merchán María del Carmen , López-Arquillos Antonio
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Occupational accidents among teachers are a cause of concern because of their consequences regarding several parts of the body, such as the neck, back, or extremities; however, the number of studies on this issue is limited. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the possible effects of different variables (gender, age, nationality, experience, sector, day of the week, traffic accidents) associated with occupational injuries suffered by teachers. METHODS: All teachers’ accidents recorded in Spain (136,702) from 2003 to 2018 were analyzed. Odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: For injured female workers, being younger than 45, in her first month of experience, in a public school, without risk assessment, and in a traffic accident are the most important factors related to suffering a neck injury. In the case of injured male workers, to be older than 45, in a private school, and no traffic accidents are the factors detected influence suffering an injury in lower extremities. CONCLUSIONS: Institutions and schools should pay special attention to the highest-risk profiles. Results obtained can be a very useful tool for the design and implementation of specific occupational health and safety strategies adapted to the more vulnerable workers in each kind of injury.
Rasch analysis of the firefighters’ critical incident inventory questionnaire
Authors: Nazari Goris , Lu Steve , Packham Tara , MacDermid Joy C.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: The Critical Incident Inventory (CII) was developed to assess stressful exposures in firefighters and emergency service workers. The CII includes six subscales: trauma to self, victims known to fire-emergency worker, multiple casualties, incidents involving children, unusual or problematic tactical operations, and exposure to severe medical trauma. OBJECTIVES: To examine the construct validity of all subscales of the Critical Incident Inventory (CII) by assessing the unidimensionality of the scales, and the interval properties of CII subscales by examining fit to the Rasch model and ordering of item thresholds. METHODS: This was a secondary data analysis based on survey data collected from a sample of 390 firefighters. RESULTS: Item 4 and Item 20 were removed with the confirmation of unacceptable fit residual. This revised version of the CII showed satisfactory fit to the Rasch model by non-significant Chi-square test and acceptable level of item fit. We rescored the CII original version and considered all items as only dichotomous response options where 0 represented the original no experience, and 1 presents the combination of experiencing 1, 2, 3 cases. CONCLUSION: The re-appraisal of the revised version CII indicated a satisfactory level of Rasch model fit.
Adaptive anti-synchronization of nuclear spin generator (NSG) systems with fully uncertain parameters
Authors: Najam Laith Ahmed , Al Sawalha Ayman
Published: December 2021

This article addresses control for the chaos anti-synchronization of a high frequency oscillator nuclear spin generator (NSG), which generates and controls the oscillations of the motion of a nuclear magnetization vector in a magnetic field. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, an adaptive control law is derived to make the states of two identical (NSG) asymptotically anti-synchronized with uncertain parameters. Finally, a numerical simulation is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed chaos anti-synchronization scheme .
Recycled Refractory Brick as Aggregate for Eco-friendly Concrete Production
Authors: KHATTAB Mohammed , HACHEMI Samya , Al Ajlouni Mohammad Fawzi
Published: December 2021

The amount of construction and demolition waste continues to increase year by year.These wastes have a significant harmful influence on the environment; refractory brick is among of these wastes. this paper concerns the reuse of refractory brick wastes to produce an eco-friendly concrete. To achieve this objective,coarse and fine Natural Aggregates (NA) were partially replaced with recycled Refractory Brick Aggregates (RBA). According to the design of experiment, two families of mixes were prepared and tested: the first mixes was made with coarse and fine NA (as reference concrete) and the second mixes made by replacing 20% of coarse and fine NA by coarse and fine RBA. For each of the mentioned families, three cement dosages of 350 kg/m3 , 400 kg/m3 , 450 kg/m3 were investigated. A series of experiments including water porosity, density, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and compressive strength were assessed. Observed results indicate that the use of coarse and fine RBA had a relatively influence on the water porosity and UPV of concrete. However, the use of coarse and fine RBA produces a slightly decreased the density of concrete (below 2%). Moreover, the use of coarse and fine RBA in concrete improved the compressive strength. Hence, coarse and fine RBA can be successfully used to produce concrete with acceptable properties.
Water Safety Plans -The case of Portugal
Authors: Al Ajlouni Dr Mohammad Fawzi
Published: December 2021

Water supply is a structural and irreplaceable service, essential to promote public health, to pursue economic activities, and crucial for environmental conservation, reflecting the population’s quality of life and the status of sustainable development. In this context, it is imperative to assure the continuous improvement of all processes and practices conducive to guarantee water quality. Water Safety Plans (WSP) are an important public policy tool to accomplish these goals. This manuscript reviews the international evidence of the adoption and implementation of WSP and reports the current situation in Jordan, as part of the necessary adjustment of the national legal framework to the publication of the Directive (EU) 2015/1787, October 6th, on water quality for human consumption. The aim is to draw lessons from several successful WSP experiments around the world and extract lessons from these cases when drafting new legislation in Portugal and elsewhere. Findings suggest there are four critical components in developing and implementing WSP: commitment, technical knowledge, governance, and interagency collaboration.
© 2018. JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association
MUNDANE SCIENCE FICTION: LOSS OF DREAMS OR MATURITY?
Authors: Krynytska Nataliya
Published: December 2021

The aim of the paper is to study the role of the mundane in contemporary culture based on the mundane science fiction (MSF). The term originated in 2004 thanks to «The Mundane Manifesto» by Geoff Ryman and his anonymous co-authors who argued for a focus on the modern science paradigm instead of dreams of outer space. The Manifesto outlines SF subgenre, where the setting is in the near future on the Earth or within the Solar System, excluding interstellar travel or contact with aliens. MSF suggests the believable use of technology and science, as it exists at the current time or a plausible extension of existing technology. There is a debate about the genre limits and its canonical works since it also covers cyberpunk, dystopia, etc. Remarkably, in the Soviet literature, such a genre called «near-future science fiction» existed in the 1940s and 1950s. It is a subgenre of «hard» SF focusing on the inventions useful for the national economy and lacking psychological depth of characters. This literature mostly had low artistic quality because of the Soviet ideological pressure and many limitations.The benefits of the paper are the following. First, the author distinguishes between two ma in approaches to SF, namely a more practical and literal reception and a more metaphorical reception. The former is characteristic of readers of realistic literature who try to find the true-to-life elements in SF blamed as escapism. The latter is close to the SF fans. However, blaming SF for escapism seems an excessive sociologizing of literature and ignoring the great role of metaphor in cultural development. Consequently, MSF is an effort to bridge a gap between SF and realistic literature. Second, the paper presents the first attempt to compare MSF to the Soviet «near-future SF». The author argues that since such a «near-future SF» occupies a niche in Western literature, it is a sign of the global changesthat are taking place during the lifetime of the current generation, bringing, in addition to progress, the acute threat of environmental catastrophe. Moreover, the role of neo Marxism, on the one hand, and technophobia, on the other hand, are emphasized. Third, for the first time the possible connections between MSF and the frontier myth important for the American national cultural mythology are studied. At the core of Kim Stanley Robinson’s novel «Aurora» (2015) and James Gray’s movie «Ad Astra» (2019), MSF is regarded as a rejection of the ideology «space: the final frontier». Both works shift the focus from the global to the personal, from the unusual to the mundane, from expansion and colonization to the internal problems. The author concludes that the anthropological turn occurs in SF as well: there is a loss of metaphor, allegory, and archetypal basis, an abandonment of escapism, Enlightenment utopianism, belief in progress, romanticism, and industrialism in favor of more realistic view on the future of humankind. Unfortunately, in many cases, «mundane» means not only «mature» but «boring» here, making SF more science than fiction.
AESTHETICS OF SHOCKS IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT EVERYDAY LIFE
Authors: Tarnashynska Lyudmyla
Published: December 2021

Everyday life – regardless of its geographical status – has different dimensions: on the one hand, it is a routine, and on the other hand, it is an attempt to escape from it, to create at least some holiday. In the context of current everyday life, it makes sense to look at its other side: everyday life as stress, affectation of consciousness, etc. It is interesting to observe how the aesthetics of the shock, brought to Ukrainian literature, in particular, by the realities of the 1990s, is modified and filled with new meanings literally before our eyes, and how modern times deform human consciousness, herewith changing the «curve» of surrealism. This is about a phenomenon of the global world – a pandemic as a new experience that has actualized the issue of coexistence and co-responsibility. Experience, preventively studied through fiction and cinema (if «The Plague» by Albert Camus is about the past, then the «The Eyes of Darkness» dystopia by Dean Koontz is about the lethal microorganism «Wuhan 400» in the 1989 edition, which was called «Gorki-400» in the original 1981 version and is a warning fromthe past), now needs a new understanding. After A. Camus’s «The Plague,» one can also appeal to books on the same pandemic theme that have not yet been translated into Ukrainian: for example, Karel Čapek’s play «The White Plague» (1937), «The Steel Spring» by Swedish writer Per Wahlöö (1968), as well as «Blind Faith» dystopia by Ben Elton (2007), where the action takes place in the near future against the background of constant epidemics, and the research focuses on the current topic of vaccination. As a sensitive tool, literature received the reinterpreted theme of ageism for artistic reflection (one can find striking consonance, say, in Japanese literature, in particular in «The Ballad of Narayama» novel by Shichirō Fukazawa), as well as the theme of discrimination on other grounds and social inequality; the theme of a person endowed with power/opportunities and his/her choice to give or not to give the right to life to another; the topic of the area of personal/collective responsibility, boundaries of openness/closedness of societies, as well as the topic of the limit of pragmatism/rationalism, the limits/depth of cynicism. That is, it is about actualizing the presumption of the right to life, the preservation of humanity, which problematizes the other/different content of old, eternal plots of Ukrainian and world literature.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Beli Konsumen: Studi Pada Online Shop Shopee
Authors: Achsa Andhatu , Dewi Mey Sinta Etika
Published: December 2021

Pada saat ini kebanyakan orang lebih memilih untuk berbelanja di situs online karena keamanan, kemudahan, kepercayaan, dan pengalaman berbelanja yang di tawarkan oleh situs online. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi minat beli konsumen pada situs belanja online Shopee, faktor-faktor tersebut diantaranya yaitu faktor keamanan, faktor kemudahan, faktor kepercayaan, dan pengalaman berbelanja. Pada penelitian ini penulis memilih warga Desa semingkir yang berjumlah 3000 orang untuk dijadikan sebagai populasi atau objek yang akan diteliti. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik purposive sampling, dimana responden memiliki kemampuan yang sama dalam mengaplikasikan situs belanja online dijadikan sebagai kriteria, sehingga didapat jumlah sampel yang digunakan yaitu sebanyak 91 sampel. Dalam penelitian ini metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa faktor keamanan dengan rata-rata bobot sebesar 94,8%, faktor kemudahan dengan rata-rata bobot 70,3%, faktor kepercayaan dengan rata-rata bobot sebesar 93%, dan pengalaman berbelanja dengan rata-rata bobot 59,3% dapat menarik minat beli konsumen di situs online shop Shopee.
 
Kata kunci  : Minat Beli Konsumen, Online Shop, Shopee
METASTATIC PROCESS OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Janti Sudiono  , Hanny Japarto
Published: December 2021

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant tumour in oral cavity. This cancer arises from oral mucosal epithel and also it often causes high rate of morbidity and mortality. Metastasis is one of the major causes of mortality in patient with cancer. This is because metastasis has often occurred before the primary tumor it self is detected. Lymphogenous metastasis is specific for carcinoma. In the late stage, cancer cells from the lymphatic system may enter blood circulation. In brief, steps of the metastatic process may be outlined as follows: genetic alteration, modulation of extracellular matrix and proteolysis, damage cell adhesion, damage tumour cell migration, and also angiogenesis. The involved process factors are genetic factors such as nm23, p16, Lin-7C; proteolitic enzyme such as MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8 MMP-9, MMP-14, MMP-15, MMP-17, cathepsin B, D, and O; adhesion between adhesive proteins for example integrin, laminin, cadherin, maspin. In conclusion, the whole process from genetic alterations until the occurence of independent cell is a complex process that involves interactions among the related factors.
HUBUNGAN SUDUT INTERINSISAL DENGAN PROFIL JARINGAN LUNAK WAJAH MENURUT ANALISIS HOLDAWAY PADA MAHASISWA FKG USU RAS CAMPURAN PROTO DAN DEUTRO-MELAYU
Authors: Nurhayati Harahap  , Melisa
Published: December 2021

Inklinasi insisivus mempunyai peranan penting dalam penentuan estetis wajah terutama sepertiga wajah bawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan sudut interinsisal dengan profil jaringan lunak wajah. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan radiografi sefalometri pada 50 orang mahasiswa FKG USU ras campuran Proto dan DeutroMelayu. Pengukuran dilakukan pada sefalogram lateral yaitu sudut interinsisal yang dibentuk dari sumbu memanjang gigi insisivus pertama atas dan bawah, profil jaringan lunak wajah menurut analisis Holdaway yaitu sudut fasial (N’-Pog’ dan Frankfurt horizontal) dan sudut H(N’-Pog’-Ls). Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Pearson’s. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata sudut interinsisal sebesar 120,76º, rerata sudut fasial sebesar 88,60º, dan rerata sudut H sebesar 15,74º. Dapat disimpulkan, bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi antara sudut interinsisal dengan sudut fasial (r= 0,034) tetapi terdapat hubungan sedang antara sudut interinsisal dengan sudut H (r= 0,441).
PERAWATAN SALURAN AKAR INSISIVUS CENTRALIS RAHANG BAWAH PADA ANAK CLEIDOCRANIAL DYSPLASIA
Authors: Harun Achmad  , Sri Ramadany  , Hendrastuti Handayani
Published: December 2021

Cleidocranial dysplasia adalah sindrom yang ditandai oleh aplasia/hipoplasia klavikula dengan karakteristik malformasi kraniofasial dan adanya gigi berlebih (gigi supernumerary). Etiologi dan patogenesis sindroma ini belum diketahui secara pasti. Penyakit ini merupakan suatu manifestasi dominan atau resesif turunan. Terjadi dalam frekuensi yang sama antara pria dan wanita, serta tidak ada predileksi ras. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk menjelaskan perawatan saluran akar gigi insisivus sentralis rahang bawah pada pasien dengan Cleidocranial dysplasia. Kasus; Seorang anak laki-laki, umur 5 tahun datang ke Klinik Bagian Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi Anak FKG UNHAS dengan keluhan rasa sakit pada gigi anterior rahang bawah, diagnosa klinis pada kedua gigi insisivus sentralis rahang bawah adalah pulpitis irreversible. Hampir semua gigi yang telah erupsi mengalami anomali secara anatomis. Pada gambaran radiografi panoramik, tampak kelainan berupa erupsi beberapa gigi yang tertunda (delayed eruption) dan terdapat beberapa gigi berlebih (supernumerary teeth). Pada pasien ini dilakukan perawatan saluran akar pada kedua gigi Insisivus sentralis permanen rahang bawah. Sebagai kesimpulan, perawatan saluran akar pada kedua gigi Insisivus sentralis rahang bawah pada pasien sangat penting dilakukan untuk mempertahankan fungsi pengunyahan serta memperbaiki nilai estetik.
HUBUNGAN LEBAR MESIODISTAL GIGI DENGAN KECEMBUNGAN PROFIL JARINGAN LUNAK WAJAH PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN GIGI UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA RAS DEUTROMELAYU
Authors: Hilda Fitria Lubis  , Sylvia
Published: December 2021

Kesuksesan perawatan ortodonti ditentukan oleh diagnosis oleh diagnosis dan rencana perawatan yang tepat. Lebarmesiodistal gigi geligi bervariasi pada setiap individu dan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya faktorketurunan/ras. Hasil akhir perawatan tidak hanya untuk memperbaiki susunan gigi dan rahang saja tetapi juga untukmendapatkan estetika wajah. Estetika wajah ditentukan oleh profil jaringan lunak wajah yang dapat dianalisis baikmelalui fotografi dan foto ronsen. Penelitian dilakukan pada 40 orang mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi USU rasDeutroMelayu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara lebar mesiodistal gigi dengan kecembungan profiljaringan lunak wajah pada ras Deutromelayu. Lebar mesiodistal gigi mempunyai korelasi yang kuat terhadapkecembungan profil jaringan lunak wajah pada ras Deutromelayu, baik ditinjau secara fotometri maupun sefalometri.
VEGF and Cervical Cancer Stage IB – IIA Response after Chemotherapy with Ifosfamide – Cisplatin
Authors: Edianto Deri
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study is to evaluate response of cervical cancer stage IB – IIA after neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on VEGF expression. The data were collected from 51 patients’ cervical cancer stage IB – IIA parafin blocks who received chemotherapy ifosfamide – cisplatin before radical hysterectomy at General Hospital Adam Malik Medan. VEGF expression was evaluated from cervical biopsy tissue, and response therapy was evaluated based on tumor size clinically. 20 out of 51 samples with clinically complete response, and the rest are partial response. 18 out of 20 samples with clinically complete response have negative or weak VEGF expression, and 31 out of 51 samples patients were partialy response with moderate or strong VEGF expression. 23 cases with tumor size > 4 cm and 23 cases stage IIA expressed VEGF moderately or strong. Cervical cancer with tumor size < 4 cm and cervical cenncer stage IB with less expressed of VEGF have good response with chemotherapy adjuvant ifosfamide – cis platin.Keyword: ifosfamide-cisplatin, cervical cancer, VEGF
The Correlation Between Body Mass Index And Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Raditra Ghinia Zati Hulwani , Sari Mutiara Indah
Published: December 2021

Skin diseases for teenagers and young adults are acne vulgaris. It occurs through various factors, such as food and obesity. Foods with a high glycemic index (IG) are associated with a high incidence of acne vulgaris. By considering the Body Mass Index, the glycemic load has a significant relationship with the occurrence of acne vulgaris. The relationship between BMI and acne vulgaris in the class of 2016 FK USU student population. This study was analytic design with cross sectional design, a sample by 2016 FK USU students. Data collected by conducting a physical examination, measurement of height, weight, determination of BMI, and nutrient intake using the Food Frequency Questioner (FFQ) questionnaire. Data is collected using SPSS program. Then, a Chi-Square test was performed. The incidence of acne vulgaris in students 2016 FK USU was 46.1%. With majority of locations arising acne vulgaris is in the face of 35.6%. The most common age suffering from acne vulgaris is 21 years (22.2%). Women (30.6%) from acne vulgaris than men (15.6%). The most BMI in the sample is underweight to normal body weight (31.7%). The results of data analysis, found no relationship between BMI and acne vulgaris p = 0.336
The Relationship of Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior to Taking Care of External Genitalia with Leucorrhea Incident in The Darul Hikmah Islamic Boarding School Student
Authors: Zahra Khairina , Anggraini Dwi Rita
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Reproduction organ is one of the sensitive organ in the body and need special care. Personal hygiene habit is one of the important factor to avoid infection. It is because infection can cause vaginal discharge and cervical carcinoma. Tropical climate in Indonesia lead about 90% of girl teenagers to potentially have vaginal discharge causing bacteria, fungi, and virus easily grow. Objectives. To identify the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and behavior of taking care of external genitalia with vaginal discharge incident on students at Pondok Pesantren Modern Darul Hikmah. Methods. This is a descriptive analytical study with cross sectional design. The data was taken with primary data. Results. Leucorrhoea incidence rate at 103 respondents are 60,2% of normal vaginal discharge and 38,9% of abnormal vaginal discharge. There is a correlation between knowledge of taking care of external genitalia with vaginal discharge (p=0,001). There is correlation between attitude of taking care of external genitalia with vaginal discharge (p=0,018). There is correlation between behavior of taking care of external genitalia with vaginal discharge (p=0,002). Conclusion. There is correlation between knowledge, attitude, and behavior of taking care of external genitalia with vaginal discharge incident on students at Pondok Pesantren Modern Darul Hikmah.
PROFILE OF SINONASAL TUMOR PATIENT IN ADAM MALIK GENERAL HOSPITAL 2016-2018
Authors: Ulya Ulfatul , Ashri Yudhistira  , Rambe Andrina Y.M , Yetty Machrina
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Sinonasal tumor is a neoplasm that arises from nasal and paranasal sinus tissue. It is rarely found, only <3% of all malignancy in head and neck, and 1% of all malignancy in the body. Although it is rarely found, it can cause serious complication in adult. Unspecific sign and symptoms of sinonasal tumor often make the patients ignore the disease. It leads to the diagnosis of this disease becomes late and the patients come to the doctor in advanced stage. This research was conducted to know about the profile of sinonasal tumor patients in H. Adam Malik Medan Hospital on 2016-2018. The study was a descriptive study with retrospective approach. The data used are secondary data taken from medical records. The data were analyzed using a statistical application programs. Sinonasal tumor patients in RSUP HAM Medan are 158 patients, where 95 patients met the inclusion criteria, consisting of  24 benign tumors (25,3%) and 71 malignant tumors (74,7%). The majority of patients are male (71,6%), and the highest age group in in 51-60 years old (31,6%). The main complaints felt by the patients were nasal symptoms (64,2%), the location of tumors mostly found in nasal cavity (50,5%), the most histopathological type is NKSCC (43,2%), the most occupation is self-employment (26%), and the treatment of the patients are surgery (29,5%).

Keyword: Sinonasal Tumor, Profile, Sinonasal Cancer