bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Développement des connaissances sur les enjeux liés à la violence faite aux femmes en Ontario français — Deux cas de figure : la prostitution et l’accès aux services en droit de la famille
Authors: Garceau Marie-Luce , Sirois Ghislaine , Charron Marc
Published: August 2015

Cet article porte sur le développement des connaissances dans le réseau de la violence faite aux femmes en Ontario français. S’ancrant dans une épistémologie résolument féministe, cette construction collective du savoir au sujet des enjeux auxquels sont confrontées les intervenantes en violence faite aux femmes s’élabore principalement au moyen de mécanismes de concertation. À ce jour, il existe peu d’articles sur la mise en place de tels mécanismes qui nourrissent les pratiques d’intervention et mènent à l’action. C’est pour combler cette lacune que nous proposons cette analyse exploratoire d’un sujet qui s’avère important quand on veut participer au développement souhaité et préparer la relève.
Analyse intersectionnelle de l’oppression linguistique de mères racisées victimes de violence conjugale en contexte montréalais
Authors: Damant Dominique , Bernard Jeanne , Chbat Marianne , Flynn Catherine
Published: August 2015

Le présent article rend compte des diverses formes d’oppression linguistique que certaines mères racisées, victimes de violence conjugale, ont rencontrées sur le plan structurel et interpersonnel en contexte montréalais. Ces résultats sont tirés d’une recherche plus large portant sur les expériences de maternité de femmes autochtones et de femmes racisées en contexte de violence conjugale.
Ressources mobilisées par des femmes arabo-musulmanes victimes de violence conjugale en contexte migratoire
Authors: Taïbi Bouchra
Published: August 2015

Le présent article s’intéresse aux femmes arabes et musulmanes victimes de violence conjugale en contexte migratoire. Il a pour but de présenter les ressources qu’elles mobilisent tout en mettant en évidence le contexte avec lequel elles doivent composer pour faire face à leur situation. Il s’appuie sur une étude qualitative exploratoire menée auprès de quatre femmes nées au Maghreb et résidant au Québec. L’étude met en lumière que les stratégies déployées et les ressources mobilisées par les femmes sont étroitement liées d’une part à leur désir de s’insérer sur le marché de l’emploi et d’autre part au fait qu’elles craignent que la décision de se séparer de leur conjoint entraîne pour elles un renvoi dans leur pays d’origine.
Registered report: Wnt activity defines colon cancer stem cells and is regulated by the microenvironment
Authors: Evans James , Essex Anthony , Xin Hong , Amitai Nurith , Brinton Lindsey , Griner Erin ,   Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology
Published: August 2015

The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology seeks to address growing concerns about reproducibility in scientific research by replicating selected results from a substantial number of high-profile papers in the field of cancer biology. The papers, which were published between 2010 and 2012, were selected on the basis of citations and Altmetric scores (Errington et al., 2014). This Registered report describes the proposed replication plan of key experiments from ‘Wnt activity defines colon cancer stem cells and is regulated by the microenvironment’ by Vermeulen and colleagues, published in Nature Cell Biology in 2010 (Vermeulen et al., 2010). The key experiments that will be replicated are those reported in Figures 2F, 6D, and 7E. In these experiments, Vermeulen and colleagues utilize a reporter for Wnt activity and show that colon cancer cells with high levels of Wnt activity also express cancer stem cell markers (Figure 2F; Vermeulen et al., 2010). Additionally, treatment either with conditioned medium derived from myofibroblasts or with hepatocyte growth factor restored clonogenic potential in low Wnt activity colon cancer cells in vitro (Figure 6D; Vermeulen et al., 2010) and in vivo (Figure 7E; Vermeulen et al., 2010). The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology is a collaboration between the Center for Open Science and Science Exchange and the results of the replications will be published in eLife.
GLO-Roots: an imaging platform enabling multidimensional characterization of soil-grown root systems
Authors: Rellán-Álvarez Rubén , Lobet Guillaume , Lindner Heike , Pradier Pierre-Luc , Sebastian Jose , Yee Muh-Ching , Geng Yu , Trontin Charlotte , LaRue Therese , Schrager-Lavelle Amanda , Haney Cara H , Nieu Rita , Maloof Julin , Vogel John P , Dinneny José R
Published: August 2015

Root systems develop different root types that individually sense cues from their local environment and integrate this information with systemic signals. This complex multi-dimensional amalgam of inputs enables continuous adjustment of root growth rates, direction, and metabolic activity that define a dynamic physical network. Current methods for analyzing root biology balance physiological relevance with imaging capability. To bridge this divide, we developed an integrated-imaging system called Growth and Luminescence Observatory for Roots (GLO-Roots) that uses luminescence-based reporters to enable studies of root architecture and gene expression patterns in soil-grown, light-shielded roots. We have developed image analysis algorithms that allow the spatial integration of soil properties, gene expression, and root system architecture traits. We propose GLO-Roots as a system that has great utility in presenting environmental stimuli to roots in ways that evoke natural adaptive responses and in providing tools for studying the multi-dimensional nature of such processes.
Centrosome age regulates kinetochore–microtubule stability and biases chromosome mis-segregation
Authors: Gasic Ivana , Nerurkar Purnima , Meraldi Patrick
Published: August 2015

The poles of the mitotic spindle contain one old and one young centrosome. In asymmetric stem cell divisions, the age of centrosomes affects their behaviour and their probability to remain in the stem cell. In contrast, in symmetric divisions, old and young centrosomes are thought to behave equally. This hypothesis is, however, untested. In this study, we show in symmetrically dividing human cells that kinetochore–microtubules associated to old centrosomes are more stable than those associated to young centrosomes, and that this difference favours the accumulation of premature end-on attachments that delay the alignment of polar chromosomes at old centrosomes. This differential microtubule stability depends on cenexin, a protein enriched on old centrosomes. It persists throughout mitosis, biasing chromosome segregation in anaphase by causing daughter cells with old centrosomes to retain non-disjoint chromosomes 85% of the time. We conclude that centrosome age imposes via cenexin a functional asymmetry on all mitotic spindles.
Orchestration of microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton in trichome cell shape determination by a plant-unique kinesin
Authors: Tian Juan , Han Libo , Feng Zhidi , Wang Guangda , Liu Weiwei , Ma Yinping , Yu Yanjun , Kong Zhaosheng
Published: August 2015

Microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments (F-actin) function cooperatively to regulate plant cell morphogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between these two cytoskeletal systems, particularly in cell shape control, remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that introduction of the MyTH4-FERM tandem into KCBP (kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein) during evolution conferred novel functions. The MyTH4 domain and the FERM domain in the N-terminal tail of KCBP physically bind to MTs and F-actin, respectively. During trichome morphogenesis, KCBP distributes in a specific cortical gradient and concentrates at the branching sites and the apexes of elongating branches, which lack MTs but have cortical F-actin. Further, live-cell imaging and genetic analyses revealed that KCBP acts as a hub integrating MTs and actin filaments to assemble the required cytoskeletal configuration for the unique, polarized diffuse growth pattern during trichome cell morphogenesis. Our findings provide significant insights into the mechanisms underlying cytoskeletal regulation of cell shape determination.
Stressing about misplaced fat is a key to longevity
Authors: Lemieux George A , Ashrafi Kaveh
Published: August 2015

The abnormal accumulation of fat increases the lifespans of nematodes that lack sex cells.
A Combined Investigation of Bending Behavior of a SiC Fiber‐Reinforced Titanium Matrix Composite with Compressive and Tensile Tests
Authors: Kong Xu , Wang Yumin , Yang Qing , Zhang Guoxing , Yang Rui
Published: August 2024

The study investigates the bending behavior and failure mechanisms of a titanium matrix composite reinforced with SiC fibers. The effects of nominal fiber volume fraction, testing temperature, and fiber position on bending behavior are evaluated. The results indicate that increasing the nominal fiber volume fraction from 19% to 50% improves average bending strength, reaching 2757 MPa at room temperature and 2596 MPa at 350 °C. Fiber position significantly influences bend strength, and composites with fibers on the concave side show greater strength than those with fibers on the convex side. Cracks in the composite specimen preferentially initiate from the bottom of the composite core rather than from the top, and fiber breakage under tensile stress is the dominant damage mechanism in the bend test. That is consistent with the lower tensile strength relative to the compressive strength of the composite.
Emerging Multifunctionality in 2D Ferroelectrics: A Theoretical Review of the Interplay With Magnetics, Valleytronics, Mechanics, and Optics
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Fang , Guo Hao , Zhu Yongqian , Song Shunuo , Zhang Xudan , Luo Wanhao , Zhang Yu‐Yang , Du Shixuan
Published: August 2024

2D ferroelectric materials present promising applications in information storage, sensor technology, and optoelectronics through their coupling with magnetics/valleytronics, mechanics, and optics, respectively. The integration of 2D ferroelectrics with magnetism enhances data storage density in memory devices by enabling electric‐field‐controlled magnetic states. Ferroelectric‐valley coupling holds promise for high‐speed, low‐energy electronics by leveraging the electrical control of valley polarization. Ferroelectric‐strain coupling results in various polar topologies, with potential applications in high‐density data storage technologies and sensor devices. Moreover, the coupling between ferroelectrics and optics facilitates the development of nonlinear photonics based on ferroelectric materials. This review summarizes the latest theoretical progress in the coupling mechanisms, including the Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya‐interaction‐induced magnetoelectric coupling, symmetry‐linked ferroelectric‐valley coupling, ferroelectric‐strain‐coupling‐generated polar topologies, and second‐harmonic generation through ferroelectric‐light interactions. The current challenges and future opportunities in harnessing the coupling in 2D ferroelectric materials for multifunctional applications are provided.
Deciphering Structure and Charge Carrier Behavior in Reduced‐Dimensional Perovskites
Authors: Sun Kun , Guo Renjun , Liu Shangpu , Guo Dengyang , Jiang Xiongzhuo , Huber Linus F. , Liang Yuxin , Reus Manuel A. , Li Zerui , Guan Tianfu , Zhou Jungui , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Stranks Samuel D. , Deschler Felix , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter
Published: August 2024

Reduced‐dimensional perovskites (RDPs) have advanced perovskite optoelectronic devices due to their tunable energy landscape, structure, and orientation. However, the origin of structural and photophysical property changes when moving from low‐dimensional to high‐dimensional RDPs remains to be understood. This study systematically reveals structural and photophysical properties of slot‐die‐coated Dion‐Jacobson (DJ) and Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) RDPs with different dimensionalities. RP RDPs with lower dimensionality (n = 2) exhibit a dominant n = 2 phase, preferential out‐of‐plane orientation, and longer charge carrier lifetime compared with DJ RDPs. In addition, the formation kinetics of RDPs with higher dimensionality (n = 4) are unraveled by in situ X‐ray scattering, showing the favorable formation of the lower‐n phase in RP RDPs. The formation of these lower‐n phases is thermodynamically and stoichiometrically favored, while these phases are likely in the form of an “intermediate phase” which bridges the 3D‐like and lower‐n phases in DJ RDPs. DJ RDPs with higher dimensionality demonstrate comparable phase purity, preferential orientation, spatially vertical phase homogeneity, and longer charge carrier lifetime. As such, DJ‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) (n = 4) demonstrate better photostability under operational conditions than RP‐based PSCs. Thus, the work paves the way for the utilization of RDPs to upscale PSCs.
Direct Observations of Spontaneous In‐Plane Electronic Polarization in 2D Te Films
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Hao , Yang Lian‐Zhi , Qin Hao‐Jun , Liao Wen‐Ao , Liu Heng , Fu Jun , Zeng Hualing , Zhang Wenhao , Fu Ying‐Shuang
Published: August 2024

Single‐element polarization in low dimensions is fascinating for constructing next‐generation nanoelectronics with multiple functionalities, yet remains difficult to access with satisfactory performance. Here, spectroscopic evidences are presented for the spontaneous electronic polarization in tellurium (Te) films thinned down to bilayer, characterized by low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. The unique chiral structure and centrosymmetry‐breaking character in 2D Te gives rise to sizable in‐plane polarization with accumulated charges, which is demonstrated by the reversed band‐bending trends at opposite polarization edges in spatially resolved spectra and conductance mappings. The polarity of charges exhibits intriguing influence on imaging the moiré superlattice at the Te‐graphene interface. Moreover, the plain spontaneous polarization robustly exists for various film thicknesses, and can universally preserve against different epitaxial substrates. The experimental validations of considerable electronic polarization in Te multilayers thus provide a realistic platform for promisingly facilitating reliable applications in microelectronic devices.
In‐Materia Annealing and Combinatorial Optimization Based on Vertical Memristive Array
Authors: Lee Soo Hyung , Cheong Sunwoo , Cho Jea Min , Ghenzi Néstor , Shin Dong Hoon , Jang Yoon Ho , Han Janguk , Park Tae Won , Kim Dong Yun , Shim Sung Keun , Han Joon‐Kyu , Kim Seung Soo , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: August 2024

Due to its area and energy efficiency, a memristive crossbar array (CBA) has been extensively studied for various combinatorial optimization applications, from network problems to circuit design. However, conventional approaches include heavily burdening software fine‐tuning for the annealing process. Instead, this study introduces the “in‐materia annealing” method, where the inter‐layer interference of vertically stacked memristive CBA is utilized as an annealing method. When mapping combinatorial optimization problems into the configuration layer of the CBA, exponentially decaying annealing profiles are generated in nearby noise layers. Moreover, in‐materia annealing profiles can be controlled by changing compliance current, read voltage, and read pulse width. Therefore, the annealing profiles can be arbitrarily controlled and generated individually for each cell, providing rich noise sources to solve the problem efficiently. Consequently, the experimental and simulation of Max‐Cut and weighted Max‐Cut problems achieve notable results with the minimum software burden.
Light‐Induced Direct Decarboxylative Functionalization of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Tu Jia‐Lin , Shen Zhengjia , Huang Binbin
Published: August 2024

Aryl radicals are important intermediates in organic synthesis. The generation of these reactive species via direct decarboxylation of inexpensive and readily available aromatic carboxylic acids is an attractive goal. However, such a process intrinsically exhibits high energy barriers to overcome, which in consequence usually require precious metal catalysis, stoichiometric oxidants and harsh conditions, suffering from limitations such as poor functional group tolerance and low atom economy. In recent years, photochemical reactions have provided new approaches to address this challenge. Three major strategies have been introduced in this emerging field: 1) one‐pot in‐situ activation of benzoic acids to generate intermediates such as benzoyl hypobromites or hypoiodites; 2) the use of specialized photocatalysts like biphenyl/1,4‐dicyanobenzene to promote decarboxylation through photo‐induced electron transfer or charge transfer processes; 3) photo‐induced LMCT (Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer) strategy where copper or iron salts coordinate to the carboxylate anion and generate aromatic radicals upon visible light excitation. On the basis of these three strategies, this review will systematically summarize the development of visible‐light‐induced direct decarboxylative functionalization of aromatic carboxylic acids, focusing on the reaction mechanism and substrate scope, and discuss their prospects in organic synthesis.
1‐Alkynylphosphorus Compounds in Organic Synthesis, 2010–2024
Authors: Ni Hai‐Liang , Wen Zhong , Xue Huan‐Zhu , Chen Long
Published: August 2024

Since the review of Yorimitsu and Oshima in 2010, the past 15 years have witnessed significant progresses in the application of 1‐alkynylphosphorus compounds in organic synthesis. Owing to the reactive carbon‐carbon triple bond in association with the electron‐withdrawing phosphoryl group, they easily undergo transition metal‐catalyzed nucleophilic addition reactions at the β‐position with carbon‐ and heteroatom‐based nucleophiles to afford structurally diverse 1‐alkenyl phosphorus compounds. Especially, when 1‐alkynylphosphonates or phosphinates are used, intramolecular substitution reactions on P‐atom might occur in some cases, which would result in the formation of P‐based heterocycles. In addition, the existing triple bond makes them prone to go through addition reaction initiated cyclization reactions and [2+2], [2+3], [2+4], [2+5] and [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions with other unsaturated bonds, which provides an efficient access to various P‐based heterocycles and phosphorylated carbon‐ and heterocycles.
Highly Conductive Ink Based on Self‐Aligned Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes through Inter‐Fiber Sliding in Cellulose Fibril Networks
Authors: Park Sejung , Song Yeeun , Ryu Boeun , Song Young‐Woong , Lee Haney , Kim Yejin , Lim Jinsub , Lee Doojin , Yoon Hyeonseok , Lee Changkee , Yun Changhun
Published: August 2024

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), owing to their superior electrical and mechanical properties, are a promising alternative to nonmetallic electrically conducting materials. In practice, cellulose as a low‐cost sustainable matrix has been used to prepare the aqueous dispersion of cellulose‐CNT (C‐CNT) nanocomposites. However, the compatibility with conventional solution‐processing and structural rearrangement for improving conductivity has yet to be determined. Herein, a straightforward route to prepare a conductive composite material from single‐walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and natural pulp is reported. High‐power shaking realizes the self‐alignment of individual SWCNTs in a cellulose matrix, resulting from the structural change in molecular orientations owing to countless collisions of zirconia beads in the aqueous mixture. The structural analysis of the dried C‐CNT films confirms that the entanglement and dispersion of C‐CNT nanowires determine the mechanical and electrical properties. Moreover, the rheological behavior of C‐CNT inks explains their coating and printing characteristics. By controlling shaking time, the electrical conductivity of the C‐CNT films with only 9 wt.% of SWCNTs from 0.9 to 102.4 S cm−1 are adjusted. the optimized C‐CNT ink is highly compatible with the conventional coating and printing processes on diverse substrates, thus finding potential applications in eco‐friendly, highly flexible, and stretchable electrodes is also demonstrated.
Significantly Promoting the Thermal Conductivity and Machinability of Negative Thermal Expansion Alloy via In Situ Precipitation of Copper Networks
Authors: Ai Minjun , Song Yuzhu , Long Feixiang , Zhang Yuanpeng , An Ke , Yu Dunji , Chen Yan , Sakai Yuki , Ikeda Masahito , Takahashi Kazuki , Azuma Masaki , Shi Naike , Zhou Chang , Chen Jun
Published: August 2024

Rapid advancements in electronic devices yield an urgent demand for high‐performance electronic packaging materials with high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion, and great mechanical properties. However, it is a great challenge for current design philosophies to fulfill all the requirements simultaneously. Here, an effective strategy is proposed for significantly promoting the thermal conductivity and machinability of negative thermal expansion alloy (Zr,Nb)Fe2 through eutectic precipitation of copper networks. The eutectic dual‐phase alloy exhibits an isotropic chips‐matched thermal expansion coefficient and a thermal conductivity enhancement exceeding 200% compared with (Zr,Nb)Fe2, along with an ultimate compressive strength of 550 MPa. The addition of copper reorganizes the composition of (Zr,Nb)Fe2, which smooths the magnetic transition and shifts it toward higher temperature, resulting in linear low thermal expansion in a wide temperature range. The highly fine eutectic copper lamellae construct high thermal conductivity networks within (Zr,Nb)Fe2, serving as highways for heat transfer electrons and phonons. The in situ forming of eutectic copper lamellae also facilitates the mechanical properties by enhancing interfacial bonding and bearing additional stress after yielding of (Zr,Nb)Fe2. This work provides a novel strategy for promoting thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of negative thermal expansion alloys via eutectic precipitation of copper networks.
Precise AIE‐Based Ternary Co‐Assembly for Saccharide Recognition and Classification
Authors: Chang Yongxin , Shao Juan , Zhao Xinjia , Qin Haijuan , Du Yanqing , Li Junrong , Li Qiongya , Sun Wenjing , Wang Guoxiong , Qing Guangyan
Published: August 2024

Saccharides are involved in nearly all life processes. However, due to the complexity and diversity of saccharide structures, their selective recognition is one of the most challenging tasks. Distinct from conventional receptor designs that rely on delicate and complicated molecular structures, here a novel and precise ternary co‐assembled strategy is reported for achieving saccharide recognition, which originates from a halogen ions‐driven aggregation‐induced emission module called p‐Toluidine, N, N′‐1‐propen‐1‐yl‐3‐ylidene hydrochloride (PN‐Tol). It exhibits ultra‐strong self‐assembly capability and specifically binds to 4‐mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA), forming highly ordered co‐assemblies. Subsequent binding of various saccharides results in heterogeneous ternary assembly behaviors, generating cluster‐like, spherical, and rod‐like microstructures with well‐defined crystalline patterns, accompanied by significant enhancement of fluorescence. Owing to the excellent expandability of the PN module, an array sensor is constructed that enables easy classification of diverse saccharides, including epimer and optical isomers. This strategy demonstrates wide applicability and paves a new avenue for saccharide recognition, analysis, and sequencing.
Synthesis of Pyrrolidine‐fused β‐lactams as Potential β‐lactamase Inhibitors
Authors: Deketelaere Sari , Díez‐Poza Carlos , Aelbrecht Margot , Mortier Jonas , Van Den Bossche Bram , Franceus Jorick , Desmet Tom , Van Hecke Kristof , Stevens Christian V. , D'hooghe Matthias
Published: August 2024

A synthetic protocol for the preparation of novel 3,4‐pyrrolidine‐fused β‐lactams was developed. The proposed 2,6‐diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan‐7‐one scaffolds were constructed through an amido group‐induced, potassium tert‐butoxide‐promoted intramolecular ring closure of 3‐acylamino‐4‐oxiranyl‐β‐lactams as the key reaction step. Alternatively, the desired cyclization was also effected by means of a scandium triflate‐mediated catalytic approach. In this way, a set of stereodefined 3,4‐pyrrolidine‐fused β‐lactams was synthesized, which were preliminary evaluated as β‐lactamase inhibitors. These first‐line biological assessments led to the identification of a 2‐benzoyl‐6‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐substituted diazabicyclo structure as an eligible starting point for further β‐lactamase inhibitor optimization studies.
A long‐term study of stable isotope ratios of fingernail keratin and amino acids in a mother–infant dyad
Authors: Harris Alison J. T. , Santos Guaciara M. , Malone Kaelyn O. , Van Der Meer Marcel T. J. , Riekenberg Philip , Fernandes Ricardo
Published: August 2024

Objective

To evaluate the potential of compound‐specific isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA‐AA) for investigating infant feeding practices, we conducted a long‐term study that compared infant and maternal amino acid (AA) nitrogen isotope ratios.

Materials and Methods

Fingernail samples were collected from a single mother–infant dyad over 19 months postpartum. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were measured in the bulk keratin of the fingernail samples. Selected samples were then hydrolyzed and derivatized for compound‐specific nitrogen isotope analysis of keratin AAs.

Results

As in previous studies, infant bulk keratin nitrogen isotope values increased during exclusive breastfeeding and fell with the introduction of complementary foods and eventual cessation of breastfeeding. Infant trophic AAs had elevated nitrogen isotope values relative to the mother, while the source AAs were similar between the mother and infant. Proline and threonine appeared to track the presence of human milk in the infant's diet as the isotopic composition of these AAs remained offset from maternal isotope values until the cessation of breastfeeding.

Discussion

Although CSIA‐AA is costly and labor intensive, it appears to hold potential for estimating the duration of breastfeeding, even after the introduction of complementary foods. Through the analysis of a full suite of AAs, it may also yield insights into infant physiology and AA synthesis.
Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting with a Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Conversion Efficiency Exceeding 2 % through Halide Perovskite
Authors: Fu Hui , Zhang Qianqian , Liu Yuanyuan , Zheng Zhaoke , Cheng Hefeng , Huang Baibiao , Wang Peng
Published: August 2024

Photocatalytic water splitting using semiconductors is a promising approach for converting solar energy to clean energy. However, challenges such as sluggish water oxidation kinetics and limited light absorption of photocatalyst cause low solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency (STH). Herein, we develop a photocatalytic overall water splitting system using I3−/I− as the shuttle redox couple to bridge the H2‐producing half‐reaction with the O2‐producing half‐reaction. The system uses the halide perovskite of benzylammonium lead iodide (PMA2PbI4, PMA=C6H5CH2NH2) loaded with MoS2 (PMA2PbI4/MoS2) as the H2 evolution photocatalyst, and the RuOx‐loaded WO3 (WO3/RuOx) as the O2 evolution photocatalyst, achieving a H2/O2 production in stoichiometric ratio with an excellent STH of 2.07 %. This work provides a detour route for photocatalytic water splitting with the help of I3−/I− shuttle redox couple in the halide perovskite HI splitting system and enlightens one to integrate and utilize multi catalytic strategies for solar‐driven water splitting.
Time‐Dependent Color‐Changing Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Materials with Mutual Achievement between Guest and Host Molecules
Authors: Liu Miaochang , Huang Huaiying , Qiu Xiaoyu , Dai Wenbo , Lei Yunxiang , Ding Qiuping , Guan Yan , Huang Xiaobo , Wu Huayue
Published: August 2024

Host‐guest doping strategy has gradually become the mainstream in constructing organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials. The two‐component doped system typically emits monochromatic phosphorescence dominated by the guest molecule, which also means that the intrinsic phosphorescence emission of the host molecule is not well utilized. In this work, a time‐dependent color‐changing RTP material is constructed based on host‐guest doped system, in which the initial yellow phosphorescence stems from the isoquinoline‐pyrazole guest and the final cyan phosphorescence originates from the intrinsic emission of the polymer host. The phenomenon of the strong interaction between host and guest molecules leading to their respective intrinsic phosphorescence provides new design inspiration for designing and developing two‐component doped materials with RTP properties of color variation over time.
On the informative value of community‐based indoor radon values in relation to lung cancer
Authors: Rosenberger Albert , Bickeböller Heike , Christiani David C. , Liu Geoffrey , Schabath Matthew B. , Duarte Luisa F. , Le Marchand Loic , Haiman Christopher , Landi Teresa , Consonni Dario , Field John K. , Davies Michael P. A. , Albanes Demetrios , Tardón Adonina , Fernández‐Tardón Guillermo , Rennert Gad , Amos Christopher I. , Hung Rayjean J.
Published: August 2024

Background

Radon is a radioactive gas and a major risk factor for lung cancer (LC).

Methods

We investigated the dose–response relationship between radon and LC risk in the International Lung Cancer Consortium with 8927 cases and 5562 controls from Europe, North America, and Israel, conducted between 1992 and 2016. Spatial indoor radon exposure in the residential area (sIR) obtained from national surveys was linked to the participants' residential geolocation. Parametric linear and spline functions were fitted within a logistic regression framework.

Results

We observed a non‐linear spatial‐dose response relationship for sIR < 200 Bq/m3. The lowest risk was observed for areas of mean exposure of 58 Bq/m3 (95% CI: 56.1–59.2 Bq/m3). The relative risk of lung cancer increased to the same degree in areas averaging 25 Bq/m3 (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.01–1.59) as in areas with a mean of 100 Bq/m3 (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.20–1.45). The strongest association was observed for small cell lung cancer and the weakest for squamous cell carcinoma. A stronger association was also observed in men, but only at higher exposure levels. The non‐linear association is primarily observed among the younger population (age < 69 years), but not in the older population, which can potentially represent different biological radiation responses.

Conclusions

The sIR is useful as proxy of individual radon exposure in epidemiological studies on lung cancer. The usual assumption of a linear, no‐threshold dose–response relationship, as can be made for individual radon exposures, may not be optimal for sIR values of less than 200 Bq/m3.
Factors associated with deferral or non‐performance of an organized breast cancer screening program during the COVID‐19 pandemic in France
Authors: Stephanopoli Jean Papadacci , Bouazzi Leila , Guerbaz‐Sommi Myriam , Graesslin Olivier , Hurtaud Aline , Ilardo Salvatore , Chrusciel Jan , Barbaret Cécile , Bertrand Camille , Sanchez Stéphane
Published: August 2024

Background

Delays in detection and treatment of breast cancer can lead to increased mortality. To date, participation in organized breast cancer screenings (OBCS) has been suboptimal worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors associated with deferral or non‐performance of mammography during the COVID‐19 pandemic for women who had previously participated in OBCS.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted on a cohort of 6282 women from the Aube Department of France, who were invited to an OBCS in 2020. Participants were divided into women who promptly underwent screening after receiving an invitation (between 22 and 25 months elapsed since the last mammogram), women who underwent late screening (≥26 months since the last mammogram), and those who were never screened. Data were collected from a self‐reported questionnaire. Comparative and multivariable analyses modeling the probability of each type of attendance were performed using these data.

Results

In total, 2301 women (aged 50–74 years) returned a valid questionnaire. Compared to women who promptly underwent mammography, non‐ and late‐screening participants were younger, had less frequent gynecological follow‐up and a less frequent history of colorectal cancer screening. Women with higher education status and those residing in socially disadvantaged areas were more likely to attend late.

Conclusion

The absence of regular gynecological follow‐up and the absence of colorectal cancer screening were significant factors associated with deferral of or non‐attendance at OBCS.
Design, Synthesis, and Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐1α Inhibitory Activity Evaluation of Panaxadiol Derivatives Containing a Thiazole Moiety
Authors: Ma Xin‐Yu , Li Ming‐Yue , Jin Kai‐Han , Han Zhen‐Yuan , Gao Yuan‐Liang , Jin Xue‐Jun , Zhao Yu‐Qing , Piao Hu‐Ri
Published: August 2024

The hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) pathway has been implicated in tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis. Therefore, the inhibition of this pathway is an important therapeutic target for cancer. Thiazole derivatives have been reported to have diverse biological activities, especially in terms of anti‐tumor. Consequently, we hypothesized that the introduction of a thiazole functional group in PD was likely to improve the biological potency. Here, three series of PD derivatives containing a thiazole moiety were synthesized, including (a) sulfonyl‐containing thiazole derivatives (5 a–l), (b) urea‐containing thiazole derivatives (7 a–i), and (c) thiourea‐containing thiazole derivatives (9 a–i), and evaluated for HIF‐1α inhibitory activity using a Hep3B cell‐based luciferase reporter assay. The results showed that about 1/3 of the target compounds showed moderate or strong HIF‐1α inhibitory activity, among which compounds 5 d and 7 b showed the strongest inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 17.37 and 6.42 μM, respectively, and did not show any significant cytotoxicity. Western blot assay results indicated that these two compounds exhibited more potent inhibition, compared with panaxadiol, of the expression of HIF‐1α protein in Hep3B cells at a concentration of 50 μM. Molecular docking experiments were also performed to investigate the structure–activity relationship. Compounds 5 d and 7 b can be used as leads for further study and development of novel antitumor drugs.
Operando Surface X‐Ray Diffraction Studies of Epitaxial Co3O4 and CoOOH Thin Films During Oxygen Evolution: pH Dependence
Authors: Qiu Canrong , Maroun Fouad , Bouvier Mathilde , Pacheco Ivan , Allongue Philippe , Wiegmann Tim , Hendric Scharf Carl , de Manuel‐Gonzalez Victor , Reikowski Finn , Stettner Jochim , Magnussen Olaf M.
Published: August 2024

Transition metal oxides, especially cobalt oxides and hydroxides, are of great interest as precious metal free electrode materials for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in electrochemical and photoelectrochemical water splitting. Here, we present detailed studies of the potential‐ and pH‐dependent structure and structural stability of Co3O4 and CoOOH in neutral to alkaline electrolytes (pH 7 to 13), using operando surface X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and electrochemical measurements. The experiments cover the pre‐OER and OER range and were performed on epitaxial Co3O4(111) and CoOOH(001) films electrodeposited on Au(111) single crystal electrodes. The CoOOH films were structurally perfectly stable under all experimental conditions, whereas Co3O4 films exhibit at all pH values reversible potential‐dependent structural transformations of a sub‐nanometer thick skin layer region at the oxide surface, as reported previously for pH 13 (F. Reikowski et al., ACS Catal. 2019, 9, 3811). The intrinsic OER activity at 1.65 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode decreases strongly with decreasing pH, indicating a reaction order of 0.2 with respect to [OH−]. While the Co3O4 spinel is stable at pH 13, intermittent exposure to electrolytes with pH≤10 results in dissolution as well as gradual degradation of its OER activity in subsequent measurements at pH 13.
Revisiting Echocardiographic Ranges of Left Ventricular End‐Diastolic Volume Index: An Analysis of the Discrepancies Between the 2006 and the 2015 Recommendation for Chamber Quantification Guidelines
Authors: Fallahtafti Parisa , Bahramrafiee Reza , Sattarzadeh Badkoubeh Roya , Sardari Akram , Eftekhari Mohammad Reza , Geraiely Babak , Larti Farnoosh
Published: August 2024

Background

Indexed left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDVi) is a left ventricle (LV) size marker. The “Recommendations for Chamber Quantification” guideline was published in 2006 and updated in 2015. Although the previous guideline maintained uniform cutoff points for both men and women, the latest revision introduced new thresholds that vary between genders. We evaluated the extent of change in labeled indexed LV diastolic volumes in men and women following the adoption of the 2015 guideline.

Methods

Data were extracted from a web‐based registry from March 2020 to October 2022. LV indexed volume variables were categorized on the basis of the 2006 and 2015 guidelines.

Results

Among the 7598 individuals, the classification of LVEDVi differed in 910 (12.0%) individuals. In 213 (5.5%) female subjects, substantial reclassification (i.e., transitioning from normal to moderate LV enlargement to mild to severe LV enlargement) occurred on the basis of the 2015 guideline. All females classified as having moderately abnormal LVEDVi according to the 2006 guideline were reclassified as having severely abnormal LVEDVi according to the 2015 guideline. Age, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and significant aortic regurgitation (AR) were common factors contributing to the observed discrepancy in both men and women. Significant mitral regurgitation (MR) and regional or global motion abnormality were correlated with the reclassification of LVEDVi to higher abnormal partitions only in women.

Conclusion

The observed disparities underscore the importance of ongoing dedicated research to reassess the range of indexed echocardiographic parameters, considering various outcomes and differences in countries.
A distributed memory parallel randomized Kaczmarz for sparse system of equations
Authors: Bölükbaşı Ercan Selçuk , Torun Fahreddin Şükrü , Manguoğlu Murat
Published: August 2024

Kaczmarz algorithm is an iterative projection method for solving system of linear equations that arise in science and engineering problems in various application domains. In addition to classical Kaczmarz, there are randomized and parallel variants. The main challenge of the parallel implementation is the dependency of each Kaczmarz iteration on its predecessor. Because of this dependency, frequent communication is required which results in a substantial overhead. In this study, a new distributed parallel method that reduces the communication overhead is proposed. The proposed method partitions the problem so that the Kaczmarz iterations on different blocks are less dependent. A frequency parameter is introduced to see the effect of communication frequency on the performance. The communication overhead is also decreased by allowing communication between processes only if they have shared non‐zero columns. The experiments are performed using problems from various domains to compare the effects of different partitioning methods on the communication overhead and performance. Finally, parallel speedups of the proposed method on larger problems are presented.
Advances in understanding the immunity of the brain and its borders: Focus on brain macrophages
Authors: Süß Patrick , Diebold Martin , Sankowski Roman
Published: August 2024

A recent study outlines the phenotypes of brain border region macrophages in developing, normal and glioblastoma‐affected brains. For the first time, the authors show in‐vivo turnover of human brain border macrophages. The findings have implications for the understanding of brain border immunity and potential macrophage targeting therapies.

keypoints

Human border region macrophages are distinct from microglia.

These distinct phenotypes are established early during embryonal development ‐ Brain border macrophages are partially replaced by bone marrow‐derived myeloid cells.

The transcriptional phenotypes of glioblastoma‐associated macrophage are determined by the anatomical region.
Sex‐Specific Impacts of Early Life Sleep Disruption: Ethanol Seeking, Social Interaction, and Anxiety Are Differentially Altered in Adolescent Prairie Voles
Authors: Ginder Darren E. , Tinsley Carolyn E. , Kaiser Mara E. , Lim Miranda M.
Published: August 2024

Early life sleep is important for neuronal development. Using the highly social prairie vole rodent model, we have previously reported that early life sleep disruption (ELSD) during the preweaning period results in interference with social bonding and increases ethanol consumption following a stressor in adulthood. Furthermore, ELSD increases parvalbumin expression and reduces glutamatergic neurotransmission in cortical regions in adult prairie voles. To understand the impact of ELSD on the lifespan, an examination of an earlier time in life is necessary. The aim of the present study was to examine behavioral outcomes of ELSD on adolescent prairie voles. Given the known effects of ELSD on development of neuronal systems involved in mood and social motivation, we hypothesized that anxiety, risk, and reward‐related behaviors would be impacted by ELSD in adolescent prairie voles. We report that both male and female adolescent prairie voles that experienced ELSD showed heightened anxiety‐like behavior compared to age‐matched controls (CONs) as measured by a light–dark box. Additionally, both male and female ELSD voles showed reductions in both ethanol preference and consumption, and affiliative behavior compared to CONs. These results suggest that adolescent prairie voles of both sexes experience heightened anxiety‐like behavior and reduced reward‐seeking behaviors after ELSD. These results further suggest that early life sleep is critically important for neurotypical behaviors in adolescence.
Context specific effects of substrate composition on the taxonomic and functional diversity of macroinvertebrate communities in temperate lowland streams
Authors: Mathers Kate L. , Armitage Patrick D. , Hill Matthew , Bickerton Melanie , Mckenzie Morwenna , Pardo Isabel , Tickner David , Wood Paul J.
Published: August 2024

Substrate composition has been widely recognised as a primary variable shaping lotic macroinvertebrate communities at the habitat unit level. However, fundamental understanding of how communities inhabiting mineralogical habitats (i.e., gravel, sand and silt) are structured across differing rivers is lacking. Moreover, research largely focusses on gravel beds and fine sediment in general (<2 mm) and as a result detailed field observations specifically of the sand and silt fractions are lacking. Using data from five UK streams collated from published studies, we assess taxonomic and functional biodiversity (alpha and beta diversity) at the habitat unit level (as defined by substrate composition of sand, silt and gravel). We found that the composition of taxonomic communities were clearly different in all habitat units for each individual stream (and at the landscape scale), with comparable, but less strong, distinctions between substrates for functional macroinvertebrate community composition. However, alpha diversity metrics and Local Contribution to Beta Diversity (LCBD) recorded among the different habitat units varied significantly across individual rivers, and the amount of variation explained by the habitat unit for taxonomic and functional composition demonstrated considerable differences suggesting strong context dependence. The depositional fine sediment habitats of sand and silt were found to support a discrete community composition and differing levels of alpha and beta diversity within and between rivers. We advocate that care should be taken when seeking to generalise biodiversity patterns at a landscape scale as our study highlights the high degree of context dependency when considering the role of the habitat template. Moreover, our results provide evidence that discriminating between the size fractions of fine sediment habitats (sand or silt) is important to fully elucidate the wider ecological importance of these habitats and the distinct taxonomic and functional biodiversity they support.
Chloroplast capture and range extension after hybridization in taro (Colocasia esculenta)
Authors: Matthews P. J. , Hossain M. A. , Sookchaloem D. , Nguyen V. D. , Wong S. Y. , Joling J. , Schranz M. E. , Bakker F. T. , Tabuchi E. , Ahmed I. , Hay A.
Published: August 2024

Complete chloroplast genomes of 17 samples from six species of Colocasia (Araceae) were sequenced, assembled, and aligned together with two previously reported complete genome sequences from taro (Colocasia esculenta). Analysis provides a well‐supported phylogenetic tree for taro and closely‐related wild Colocasia species in Southeast Asia. Two chloroplast lineages (CI and CII) form a well‐defined haplotype group and are found in cultivated taros known as var. esculenta (dasheen, CI), var. antiquorum (eddoe, CII), and in a widespread, commensal wild form known as var. aquatilis (CI). A third lineage (CIII) is also found in wild taros known as var. aquatilis and in the wild species C. lihengiae, C. formosana, and C. spongifolia. We suggest three different scenarios to explain the grouping of CIII wild taros (C. esculenta) with other wild Colocasia species. Chloroplast lineages CI and CIII in C. esculenta and an unknown parent species may be involved in an as yet undated history of hybridization, chloroplast capture, and range extension. Substantial taxonomic revision may be needed for C. esculenta after further studies of morphological and genetic diversity within the crop, in wild populations, and in closely related wild species. The results also point to the Bengal delta as a region of key interest for future research on the origins of tropical wetland taros.