bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Standardization of the Separation of the "Three Rights" in Rural Land Transfer and the Protection of Farmers' Rights and Interests: Based on a Survey of More than 50 Village level Units in Gansu Province
Authors: Gao Buping , Zhang Tao , Wei Wanling , Wang Siyin , Fang Zhongheng
Published: June 2024

Through the investigation of more than 50 village-level units in Gansu Province, this study discusses the impact of the standardization of the three rights of rural land transfer on the protection of farmers' rights and interests. It is found that the standardized separation of the three rights can effectively improve the protection level of farmers' land rights and interests, and promote the rational utilization and value appreciation of land resources. At the same time, the implementation of standardized measures also provides farmers with more employment opportunities and ways to increase their income, helping to improve the quality of life of farmers. However, there are still some problems and challenges, including the unreasonable price of land transfer, the risk and uncertainty in the transfer, and the weak awareness of farmers' land rights and interests protection. To this end, it is suggested that the government should strengthen the supervision, improve the relevant systems, and increase the training and publicity of farmers, so as to ensure that the legitimate rights and interests of farmers in the rural land circulation are guaranteed, and promote the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.
PSYCHOLOGİCAL SİGNS CHARACTERİZİNG THE SELF-REALİZATİON OF STUDENT YOUTH
Authors: Cəbrayılova Rəna
Published: June 2024

In a scientific article, the author examined the psychological signs that characterize the self-realization of student youth. In the article, the author consistently explained the leading conditions for self-realization of students. The author rightly points out that the conditions put forward in relation to the activity of the university should be considered as supporting humanitarian components of the activity of the educational process. Because students' self-realization in education and professional activity is determined by the set of pedagogical conditions.
AN APPROACH TO THE ISSUE OF CRITICAL THINKING IN THE MAIN AREAS OF PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Əliyeva Sona
Published: June 2024

In modern psychology, different qualities of the mind are distinguished. To characterize a person’s thinking from an individual psychological aspect, qualities of the mind are used, such as breadth, flexibility, speed, independence, criticality, etc. These qualities are important and mutually related to each other. People differ from each other in the level of development of these qualities, which are of great practical importance. Thinking, especially critical one, has been studied in many directions in the history of psychology. Representatives of the Wyusburg school, associationism, Gestalt psychology and behaviorism took different approaches to the matter of thinking and its criticality.
Pixéliser la vie dans Les Années d'Annie Ernaux: une sociographie au prisme des images
Authors: Dalmas Franck
Published: June 2024

Les Années (2008) d'Annie Ernaux est une œuvre littéraire qu'on a du mal á ranger dans son itinéraire autobiographique. Le récit ne repose pas sur les modalités d'écriture habituelles. Les repéres narratifs
et le style du texte mêlent des faits générationnels et des icônes médiatiques s'étalant de 1946 á 2006. La protagoniste du roman est dépersonnalisée et son témoignage progresse au fur et á mesure de photos redécouvrant
son parcours familial. Ces inscriptions visuelles informent les souvenirs de l'enfance, l'expérience de la maturité, puis la femme divorcée et retraitée. Dans cet article, les phases de l'existence sont appréhendées grâce au triple
processus du phénoméne photographique: exposition (d'une prise de vue ou d'un tissu social), inversion (de la chambre noire ou de l'affranchissement), révélation (développement ou réminiscence d'une image révolue). Les changements
vécus á travers le cinéma, la télévision, Internet, les conformations sociales affichées par la publicité et le battage médiatique, accompagnent les évolutions de la protagoniste et créent á rebours une conscience
d'identité, mais aussi le péril de disparaître dans les images de masse ou technologiques. L'analogie des procédés photographiques avec l'expression de l'intime offre une autre optique pour considérer le travail d'Ernaux.
Movement-colour: moments in a deep time media epistemology
Authors: Turquety Benoît
Published: June 2024

Color and movement present themselves as deeply different phenomena, yet an epistemological history of their concepts reveals how entangled they have been within the Western episteme. This appears not only in scientific or philosophical texts but also, and primarily, in the way specific devices, works of art, media and experimental protocols have been conceived and developed throughout history. This article proposes a deep time media epistemology based on the analysis of a few nodal apparatuses mobilizing both movement and color: Isaac Newton’s optical experiments, Joseph Plateau’s phenakisticope, and Charles Cros’ mid-19th century projects for the recording of colour and movement. These will show how colour and movement have been thought together in Western culture.
Endothelial cell signature in muscle stem cells validated by VEGFA-FLT1-AKT1 axis promoting survival of muscle stem cell
Authors: Verma Mayank , Asakura Yoko , Wang Xuerui , Zhou Kasey , Ünverdi Mahmut , Kann Allison P , Krauss Robert S , Asakura Atsushi
Published: June 2024

Endothelial and skeletal muscle lineages arise from common embryonic progenitors. Despite their shared developmental origin, adult endothelial cells (ECs) and muscle stem cells (MuSCs; satellite cells) have been thought to possess distinct gene signatures and signaling pathways. Here, we shift this paradigm by uncovering how adult MuSC behavior is affected by the expression of a subset of EC transcripts. We used several computational analyses including single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to show that MuSCs express low levels of canonical EC markers in mice. We demonstrate that MuSC survival is regulated by one such prototypic endothelial signaling pathway (VEGFA-FLT1). Using pharmacological and genetic gain- and loss-of-function studies, we identify the FLT1-AKT1 axis as the key effector underlying VEGFA-mediated regulation of MuSC survival. All together, our data support that the VEGFA-FLT1-AKT1 pathway promotes MuSC survival during muscle regeneration, and highlights how the minor expression of select transcripts is sufficient for affecting cell behavior.
Glutamate neurotransmission from leptin receptor cells is required for typical puberty and reproductive function in female mice
Authors: Sáenz de Miera Cristina , Bellefontaine Nicole , Allen Susan J. , Myers Martin G. , Elias Carol F.
Published: June 2024

The hypothalamic ventral premammillary nucleus (PMv) is a glutamatergic nucleus essential for the metabolic control of reproduction. However, conditional deletion of leptin receptor (LepRb) in vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) expressing neurons results in virtually no reproductive deficits. In this study, we determine the role of glutamatergic signaling from leptin responsive PMv neurons on puberty and fertility. We first assessed if stimulation of PMv neurons induces LH release in fed adult females. We used the stimulatory form of designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) in LepRb-Cre mice. We collected blood sequentially before and for 1h after iv. clozapine-N-oxide injection. LH level increased in animals correctly targeted to the PMv, and LH level was correlated to the number of cFos immunoreactive neurons in the PMv. Next, females with deletion of
Vglut2
in LepRb neurons (LepR

Δ
VGlut2

) showed delayed age of puberty, disrupted estrous cycles, increased GnRH concentration in the axon terminals and disrupted LH responses, suggesting impaired GnRH release. To assess if glutamate is required for PMv actions in pubertal development, we generated a Cre-induced reexpression of endogenous LepRb (LepR

loxTB
)

with concomitant deletion of Vglut2 (
Vglut2
-floxed) mice. Rescue of Lepr and deletion of Vglut2 in the PMv was obtained by stereotaxic injection of an adeno-associated virus vector expressing Cre recombinase. Control LepR

loxTB

mice with PMv LepRb rescue showed vaginal opening, follicle maturation and became pregnant, while LepR

loxTB

;

Vglut2
flox

mice showed no pubertal development. Our results indicate that glutamatergic signaling from leptin sensitive neurons regulates the reproductive axis, and that leptin action on pubertal development via PMv neurons requires Vglut2.
A-to-I RNA editing of CYP18A1 mediates transgenerational wing dimorphism in aphids
Authors: Zhu Bin , Wei Rui , Hua Wenjuan , Li Lu , Zhang Wenlin , Liang Pei
Published: June 2024

Wing dimorphism is a common phenomenon that plays key roles in the environmental adaptation of aphid; however, the signal transduction in response to environmental cues and the regulation mechanism related to this event remain unknown. Adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA editing is a posttranscriptional modification that extends transcriptome variety without altering the genome, playing essential roles in numerous biological and physiological processes. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of the rose-grain aphid
Metopolophium dirhodum
by using PacBio long HiFi reads and Hi-C technology. The final genome assembly for
M. dirhodum
is 447.8 Mb, with 98.50% of the assembled sequences anchored to nine chromosomes. The contig and scaffold N50 values are 7.82 and 37.54 Mb, respectively. A total of 18,003 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 92.05% were functionally annotated. In addition, 11678 A-to-I RNA-editing sites were systematically identified based on this assembled
M. dirhodum
genome, and two synonymous A-to-I RNA editing sites on
CYP18A1
were closely associated with transgenerational wing dimorphism induced by crowding. One of these A-to-I RNA editing sites may prevent the binding of miR-3036-5p to
CYP18A1
, thus elevating CYP18A1 expression, decreasing 20E titer, and finally regulating the wing dimorphism of offspring. Meanwhile, crowding can also inhibit miR-3036-5p expression and further increase CYP18A1 abundance, resulting in winged offspring. These findings support that A-to-I RNA editing is a dynamic mechanism in the regulation of transgenerational wing dimorphism in aphids and would advance our understanding of the roles of RNA editing in environmental adaptability and phenotypic plasticity.
The Burden-Sharing Dilemma
Authors: Blankenship Brian D.
Published: June 2024

This book examines the conditions under which the United States is willing and able to pressure its allies to assume more responsibility for their own defense. The United States has a mixed track record of encouraging allied burden-sharing—while it has succeeded or failed in some cases, it has declined to do so at all in others. This variation, the book argues, is because the United States tailors its burden-sharing pressure in accordance with two competing priorities: conserving its own resources and preserving influence in its alliances. Although burden-sharing enables great power patrons like the United States to lower alliance costs, it also empowers allies to resist patron influence. The book identifies three factors that determine the severity of this burden-sharing dilemma and how it is managed: the latent military power of allies, the shared external threat environment, and the level of a patron's resource constraints. Through case studies of US alliances formed during the Cold War, the book shows that a patron can mitigate the dilemma by combining assurances of protection with threats of abandonment and by exercising discretion in its burden-sharing pressure. Blankenship's findings dismantle assumptions that burden-sharing is always desirable but difficult to obtain. Patrons, as the book reveals, can in fact be reluctant to seek burden-sharing, and attempts to pass defense costs to allies can often be successful. At a time when skepticism of alliance benefits remains high and global power shifts threaten longstanding pacts, the book recalls and reconceives the value of burden-sharing and alliances.
The Minjian Avant-garde
Authors: Tan Chang
Published: June 2024

This book studies how experimental artists in China mixed with, brought changes to, and let themselves be transformed by minjian, the volatile and diverse public of the post-Mao era. Departing from the usual emphasis on art institutions, global markets, or artists' communities, the book proposes a new analytical framework in the theories of socially engaged art that stresses the critical agency of participants, the affective functions of objects, and the versatility of the artists in diverse sociopolitical spheres. Drawing from hitherto untapped archival materials and interviews with the artists, the book challenges the views of Chinese artists as either dissidents or conformists to the regime and sees them as navigators and negotiators among diverse political discourses and interests. It questions the fetishization of marginalized communities among practitioners of progressive art and politics, arguing that the members of minjian are often more complex, defiant, and savvy than the elites would assume. The book critically assesses the rise of populism in both art and politics and show that minjian could constitute either a democratizing or a coercive force.
The antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) and its metal nanoparticles in oral bacteria
Authors: Mohammed Afrah E. , Aldahasi Reham M. , Rahman Ishrat , Shami Ashwag , Alotaibi Modhi , BinShabaib Munerah S. , ALHarthi Shatha S. , Aabed Kawther
Published: June 2024

Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil (TTO) is an antimicrobial agent, and hence, its use in fabricating nanoparticles (NP) may be useful in providing more efficacious antimicrobial agents. The current research aimed to test the antimicrobial efficacy of TTO and its TTO-Metal-NPs against oral microbes: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus mutans. The antimicrobial activity of TTO and zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) and the combined effects of antimicrobial agents were investigated using agar well diffusion assays. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to identify the phyto-constituents of TTO. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), dynamic light scatter (DLS), and zeta potential were utilized to analyze the biogenic nanoparticles’ morphology, size, and potential. The antimicrobial mode of action was determined by assessing the morphological changes under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The TTO extracts converted Zn and Fe ions to NPs, having an average size of 97.50 (ZnNPs) and 102.4 nm (FeNPs). All tested agents had significant antibacterial efficacy against the tested oral microbes. However, the TTO extract was more efficacious than the NPs. Combination treatment of TTO with antibiotics resulted in partial additive effects against P. gingivalis and partial antagonistic effects against E. faecalis, S. mutans, and common mouthwashes (Oral B and chlorhexidine). TTO and NP-treated bacteria underwent morphological changes on treatment. M. alternifolia phytochemicals could be useful for further research and development of antimicrobial NPs. The current study highlights the variance in activity observed for different types of bacteria and antagonistic effects seen with common mouthwashes, which represent a threat to therapeutic efficacy and heighten the risk of clinical microbial resistance.
Technology in Classrooms among Gen X Teachers in Basic Education Schools in Panabo City: A Case Study
Authors: C. Requillo Diocyl Ann , M. Bauyot Marleonie
Published: June 2024

Technology is pivotal in modern education, revolutionizing teaching and learning processes. Effective management of technology resources in educational settings is crucial for maximizing their potential benefits. This research explores the experiences, challenges, and recommendations for implementing technology in classrooms among the twelve (12) Generation X teachers in Basic Education Schools in the Division of Panabo City. Hence, this study uses a qualitative case study design and purposeful sampling to select participants for basic education teaching. The research interview guide used was validated and enhanced by three (3) experts in the field of education.  The three (3) primary themes of the experience were identified: easy access to information, diverse strategies for teaching, and interaction. While on the challenges of implementing technology in basic education classrooms, there are four (4) themes: poor network connections, lack of skills in ICT, insufficient budget, and unmotivated to adapt. As to the teachers' recommendations on the implementation of technology, four (4) significant themes were identified: provide ICT training, support access to resources, foster collaboration and teamwork, and adapt to the new trend. Recommendations include assessing needs and goals, professional development and support for teachers, adapting various new trends, and promoting digital competence to teachers.
Antioxidant, Anti-diabetic and Sensory Properties of Bread Produced from Flour Blends of Wheat and Pretreated African Yam Bean and Bambara Groundnut Seed Coat
Authors: Akinbisoye Anthonia Folake , Babarinde Grace Oluwakemi , Otutu Olatunde Lawrence , Ade-Omowaye Beatrice Iyabo Olayemi
Published: June 2024

Producing bakery products with low glycemic index is expedient to replacing the consumption of foods, such as white bread, correlated with cardiovascular diseases. This research looked at the chemical, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and sensory properties of bread made from a mix of wheat flour (WF), pretreated African yam bean (AYB) and Bambara groundnut (BGN) seed coat.
Bread samples were produced from formulated composite flour (wheat flour, pretreated African yam bean and Bambara groundnut seed coats) obtained from mixture design in response surface methodology in the ratio of WF: AYB (78.2 g: 21.8 g) and WF: BGN (74.42 g: 25.57 g). Samples were evaluated for proximate, total phenol and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS), dietary fibre (Soluble, Insoluble and Total), anti-diabetic (glycemic index, alpha-amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibition) and sensory properties. Data generated were subjected to Analysis of Variance to determine level of significant difference while means were separated by Duncan multiple range at p<0.05.
The proximate composition of the bread samples, were moisture (30.29–33.75%), crude fibre (0.58–2.68%), protein (7.98–11.59%), ash (1.69–2.35%,) fat (1.23–2.65%), and carbohydrate (48.20–55.77%). Total phenol, DPPH and ABTS ranged between 0.87 and 3.48 mgGAE/g, 3.07–18.88% and 0.001 - 0.004 Mmol/g respectively. The insoluble, soluble and total dietary fibre were (2.91-9.28%), (1.34-4.47%) and (4.25-12.73%) respectively. The values for the glycemic index alpha-amylase inhibition and alpha-glucosidase inhibition of the bread samples were (21.85–53.54), (26.99–93.31%), and (34.21–74.44%) respectively. The sensory attributes of the composite bread were between liked slightly and liked moderately but the overall acceptability was not significantly different from the control sample made with 100% wheat flour. The study indicated that pretreated underutilized seed coats could be a useful ingredient in producing functional bread with appreciable nutrient profile.
The Chameleon Effect of Monochromatic Composite Resin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Guimarães Camila Pimenta de Araújo , Torres Adriana da Silva , Oliveira Emanuelle Melquiades Barbosa de , Fehrenbach Júlia , Isolan Cristina Pereira , Araújo Cíntia Tereza Pimenta de
Published: June 2024

Aims: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the optical properties of monochromatic composite resins and conventional composite resins in direct restorations in permanent teeth.
Study Design:  A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methodology: The searches were carried out in July and August, in the following databases:: Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. The articles were selected, first by title, followed by reading the abstract and finally the complete work. Two independent meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.4 software.
Results: Two hundred and eleven articles were found, 6 articles were included in this systematic review and, among these, 4 were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis when comparing monochromatic resins and conventional composite resins, using color stability data showed greater optical performance of the monochromatic resin for subgroups A2 and A3. After analyzing the age data according to the Coffee and Tea subgroups, the monochromatic resin showed no statistical difference. For color variation during bleaching, the monochromatic resin showed statistically lower color variation. For color matching, conventional resins showed higher shade matching ability compared to monochromatic composite.
Conclusion: Therefore, the monochromatic resin presented greater color stability in shades A2 and A3 and presented better results in terms of color variation compared to the conventional composite resin after bleaching.
Nature as Measure: The Biomimicry Guild
Authors: Peters Terri
Published: November 2011

The potential for biomimicry lies far beyond the direct imitation of natural forms. Guest‐editor Terri Peters describes how Janine Benyus, the biologist and innovation consultant, is using biomimicry to create performance metrics from natural technologies and processes for assessing aspects of ecological and sustainable design. The Genius of the Place study that she developed with the Biomimicry Guild, for instance, provides designers with a tool for exploring and reporting on the natural and environmental features of a specific site.
Gardens by the Bay: Ecologically Reflective Design
Authors: Davey Meredith
Published: November 2011

Meredith Davey of Atelier Ten describes how as part of a design team led by Grant Associates with architects Wilkinson Eyre, multidisciplinary engineers Atelier Ten have developed a scheme for the Gardens by the Bay, Bay South in Singapore based on first principles. Holistically integrated solutions have been sought to the central and demanding brief to create artificial interior environments that will enable Mediterranean and mountain plants to grow in the tropical urban heat of downtown Singapore. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor‐specific but not nonspecific cell‐free circulating DNA can be used to monitor disease response in lymphoma
Authors: Jones Kimberley , Nourse Jamie P. , Keane Colm , Crooks Pauline , Gottlieb David , Ritchie David S. , Gill Devinder , Gandhi Maher K.
Published: November 2011

Recently, nontumor specific circulating DNA was shown to be elevated in a broad range of lymphomas, implicating a role as a potential biomarker. Epstein‐Barr virus' (EBV) presence within a proportion of lymphomas implies EBV‐DNA has potential as a lymphoma‐specific disease response biomarker. However, application would be restricted to EBV‐associated lymphomas. Neither detailed comparison has been performed of lymphoma‐specific versus nonspecific DNA as disease response biomarkers nor have the kinetics of circulating DNA during treatment been established, and the optimal methodology remains unknown. We prospectively evaluated DNA levels and clinical response of 63 lymphoma patients. DNA was measured in paired serum, plasma, and cell samples at five predetermined time‐points taken prior, during and following treatment. Both cell‐free (c‐f) circulating EBV‐DNA (in EBV‐associated lymphoma) and nonspecific c‐f DNA levels (in all lymphomas) were elevated and discriminatory at presentation compared to healthy controls. Nonspecific c‐f DNA was significantly associated with baseline serum lactate dehydrogenase. Within EBV‐associated lymphomas at presentation, there was a strong correlation between specific and nonspecific circulating c‐f DNA (r = 0.9, P < 0.0001). However, only c‐f EBV‐DNA correlated with clinical/radiological response. In addition, c‐f EBV‐DNA, and not nonspecific c‐f DNA, provided an early marker of relapsed and refractory disease. Serum versus plasma, and single versus multiple‐copy EBV‐gene targets were equivalent. Lymphoma‐specific DNA is a disease response biomarker; however, nonspecific DNA reflected neither lymphoma‐specific DNA nor therapeutic response. Lymphoma disease response can be monitored by blood tests, but new lymphoma‐specific biomarkers need to be identified to broaden applicability. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biomass fuel use for cooking in Sri Lanka: Analysis of data from national demographic health surveys
Authors: Nandasena Sumal , Wickremasinghe Ananda R. , Sathiakumar Nalini
Published: November 2011

Background

Biomass cooking fuel is the main source of indoor air pollution in the majority of households in the developing world. Sri Lanka is an island of about 20 million population with urban, rural, and estate population of 14.6%, 80.0%, and 5.4%, respectively. This study describes biomass fuel use for cooking in Sri Lanka.

Methods

We analyzed data from two national Demographic Health Surveys (2000 and 2007) to identify the use and determinants of cooking fuels in Sri Lankan households. The results are based on a sample of 8,169 households in 2000 and 19,862 households in 2007.

Results

Wood was the principal cooking fuel used in 78.3% and 78.5% of households in 2000 and 2007, respectively. In 2007, 96.3% of estate sector households used firewood as compared to 84.2% in the rural and 34.6% in the urban sectors. Similar trends were noted in 2000 as well.

Conclusions

The shift from firewood to cleaner fuels in Sri Lanka is negligible from 2000 to 2007. Improving the quality of life of the population does not necessarily predict a shift towards the use of cleaner cooking fuels in Sri Lanka. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:1122–1128, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New electric‐shock job exposure matrix
Authors: Vergara Ximena P. , Kheifets Leeka , Silva Michael , Bracken T. Dan , Yost Michael
Published: November 2011

Background

To evaluate a consistent association between jobs in “electric” occupations and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a comprehensive job exposure matrix (JEM) that includes electric shocks and magnetic fields (MF) is needed.

Methods

We used incident electric shocks and electrocutions from two available data sources along with expert judgment to create a JEM that was integrated into an existing MF JEM. The final JEM contained ordinal electric‐shock exposure assignments for 501 job titles.

Results

Main occupational groups experiencing the electric shocks were precision production, craft, and repair occupations. Specific jobs with the highest proportion of shocks per 100,000 workers were: electrical apprentices (99.7), mechanic and repairer helpers (74.0), hoist and winch operators (63.3), and electrical power installers (52.4). Examples of job titles with low electric‐shock exposures were administrative support occupations, data‐key entry operators, and waiters and waitresses.

Conclusions

Combining publicly available data with an expert panel is a viable method to construct an electric‐shock MF JEM. This JEM will allow an evaluation of association between electric shocks and neurodegenerative diseases. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:232–240, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of early cessation of dairy farming in the French Doubs province: 12‐year follow‐up
Authors: Mounchetrou Ibrahim Njoya , Monnet Elisabeth , Laplante Jean‐Jacques , Dalphin Jean‐Charles , Thaon Isabelle
Published: November 2011

Background

A healthy worker effect due to respiratory disability has been noted in the farming population, but other factors may also interfere. Little has been published about factors influencing the early cessation of work in self‐employed dairy farmers.

Methods

Two hundred and nineteen dairy farmers were included from a cohort constituted in eastern France in 1993–1994 with a 12‐year follow‐up. Spirometric data, personal, and farm characteristics were registered. Cox models with delayed entry in which age was the time‐scale were applied to identify the baseline predictive factors of the early cessation of dairy farming.

Results

Working in a modern farm was protective against early cessation of dairy farming (hazard ratio: 0.36 [95% CI: 0.16–0.81]), especially in men. Having asthma was a predictive factor of early cessation, especially in women (hazard ratio: 16.12 [95% CI: 3.28–79.12]).

Conclusions

The most predictive factors of early cessation of dairy farming were health related in women and farm related in men. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:136–142, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of a novel FH whole gene deletion in the propositus leading to subsequent prenatal diagnosis in a sibship with fumarase deficiency
Authors: Mroch Amelia R. , Laudenschlager Mark , Flanagan Jason D.
Published: November 2011

Fumarase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic condition. We report on a sibship with molecularly confirmed fumarase deficiency. Prenatal findings included agenesis of the corpus callosum, ventriculomegaly, and ventriculoseptal defect. The postnatal course was significant for metabolic acidosis ultimately leading to death around 3 weeks of age. Postmortem findings were noted including swollen mitochondria with abnormal cristae on electron microscopy within the liver. Molecular testing revealed a novel whole gene deletion in conjunction with a point mutation. While the point mutation has been previously reported, the detection of a whole gene deletion has not been described to date in an individual with fumarase deficiency. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification and characterization of a complex pure mosaic of small supernumerary marker chromosomes involving 11p11.12 → q12.1 and 19p12 → q12 regions in a child featuring multiple congenital anomalies
Authors: Fei Xiang , Qi Manlong , Zhao Yanyan , Li‐Ling Jesse
Published: November 2011

Unstable, gene‐rich pericentric regions have been associated with various structural aberrations including small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs). We hereby report on a complex pure mosaic sSMCs derived from chromosomes 11 and 19 in a child featuring multiple congenital anomalies. As indicated by microarray analysis, the sSMCs have involved materials from 11p11.12 → q12.1 and 19p12 → q12 in complex forms (with four cell lines harboring from 1 to 4 sSMCs) in all peripheral blood lymphocytes. The patient featured facial dysmorphism, generalized hypotonia, cryptorchidism, transverse palmar creases, cerebral hemorrhage, atrial septal defect secundum, strabismus, epilepsy, immunodeficiency, and severe cognitive and motor impairment. Literature review indicated this to be a unique sSMCs case simultaneously involving chromosomes 11 and 19, with one sSMC containing materials from the both chromosomes. We propose that the involved chromosomal regions may contain dosage‐sensitive genes which are important for the development, and that the sSMCs derived from multiple origins have formed by a complex mechanism. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust estimation for the Cox regression model based on trimming
Authors: Farcomeni Alessio , Viviani Sara
Published: November 2011

We propose a robust Cox regression model with outliers. The model is fit by trimming the smallest contributions to the partial likelihood. To do so, we implement a Metropolis‐type maximization routine, and show its convergence to a global optimum. We discuss global robustness properties of the approach, which is illustrated and compared through simulations. We finally fit the model on an original and on a benchmark data set.
Nonparametric Bayesian estimation of the three‐way receiver operating characteristic surface
Authors: Inácio Vanda , Turkman Antónia A. , Nakas Christos T. , Alonzo Todd A.
Published: November 2011

We describe a nonparametric Bayesian approach for estimating the three‐way ROC surface based on mixtures of finite Polya trees (MFPT) priors. Mixtures of finite Polya trees are robust models that can handle nonstandard features in the data. We address the difficulties in modeling continuous diagnostic data with skewness, multimodality, or other nonstandard features, and how parametric approaches can lead to misleading results in such cases. Robust, data‐driven inference for the ROC surface and for the volume under the ROC surface is obtained. A simulation study is performed to assess the performance of the proposed method. Methods are applied to data from a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study on human immunodeficiency virus patients.
Airlift column photobioreactors for Porphyridium sp. culturing: Part II. verification of dynamic growth rate model for reactor performance evaluation
Authors: Luo Hu‐Ping , Al‐Dahhan Muthanna H.
Published: November 2011

Dynamic growth rate model has been developed to quantify the impact of hydrodynamics on the growth of photosynthetic microorganisms and to predict the photobioreactor performance. Rigorous verification of such reactor models, however, is rare in the literature. In this part of work, verification of a dynamic growth rate model developed in Luo and Al‐Dahhan (2004) [Biotech Bioeng 85(4): 382–393.] was attempted using the experimental results reported in Part I of this work and results from literature. The irradiance distribution inside the studied reactor was also measured at different optical densities and successfully correlated by the Lambert–Beer Law. When reliable hydrodynamic data were used, the dynamic growth rate model successfully predicted the algae's growth rate obtained in the experiments in both low and high irradiance regime indicating the robustness of this model. The simulation results also indicate the hydrodynamics is significantly different between the real algae culturing system and an air‐water system that signifies the importance in using reliable data input for the growth rate model. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:942–949. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tumour-related factors and prognosis in breast cancer detected by screening
Authors: Olsson Å , Borgquist S , Butt S , Zackrisson S , Landberg G , Manjer J
Published: November 2011

Background

Breast cancer detected by screening has an unexplained prognostic advantage beyond stage shift compared with cancers detected clinically. The aim was to investigate biological factors in invasive breast cancer, with reference to mode of detection and rate of death from breast cancer.

Methods

Histology, oestrogen receptor α and β, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2, cyclin D1, p27, Ki-67 and perinodal growth were analysed in 466 tumours from a prospective cohort, the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Using logistic regression, odds ratios were calculated to investigate the relationship between tumour characteristics and mode of detection. The same tumour factors were analysed in relation to standard prognostic features. Death from breast cancer was analysed using Cox regression with adjustments for standard tumour factors; differences following adjustment were analysed by means of Freedman statistics.

Results

None of the biological tumour characteristics varied with mode of detection of breast cancer. After adjustment for age, tumour size, axillary lymph node involvement (ALNI) and grade, women with cancer detected clinically had an increased risk of death from breast cancer (hazard ratio 2·48, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·34 to 4·59), corresponding to a 37·2 per cent difference compared with the unadjusted model. Additional adjustment for biological tumour factors studied caused only minor changes.

Conclusion

None of the biological tumour markers investigated explained the improved prognosis in breast cancer detected by screening. None of the factors was related to ALNI, suggesting that other mechanisms may be responsible for tumour spread. Copyright © 2011 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Method for Deriving Explicit Binary Isotherms Obeying the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory
Authors: Tarafder A. , Mazzotti M.
Published: November 2011

A method to derive explicit binary isotherms following the ideal adsorbed solution (IAS) theory is proposed. The method is applicable to any pair of single‐component isotherms, as long as they fulfill a set of conditions, as described in this report. Examples of some isotherms fulfilling such conditions are: Langmuir, anti‐Langmuir, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), and quadratic. Following the method proposed in this report, three previously unreported explicit binary isotherms, quadratic‐BET, quadratic‐Langmuir, and quadratic‐anti‐Langmuir, while following the IAS framework, could be derived. This work presents the method and the binary isotherms derived through this method.
Binap–Gold(I) versus Binap–Silver Trifluoroacetate Complexes as Catalysts in 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Martín‐Rodríguez María , Nájera Carmen , Sansano José M. , de Cózar Abel , Cossío Fernando P.
Published: November 2011

The 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition between azomethine ylides and alkenes is efficiently catalysed by [{(Sa)‐Binap‐Au(tfa)}2] (Binap=2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl; tfa=trifluoroacetyl). Maleimides, 1,2‐bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene, chalcone and nitrostyrene were suitable dipolarophiles even when using sterically hindered 1,3‐dipole precursors. The results obtained in these transformations improve the analogous ones obtained in the same reactions catalysed by [Binap–Ag(tfa)]. In addition, computational studies have also been carried out to demonstrate both the high enantioselectivity exhibited by the chiral gold(I) complex, and the non‐linear effect observed in this transformation.
Surface‐Functionalized Ionic Liquid Crystal–Supported Ionic Liquid Phase Materials: Ionic Liquid Crystals in Mesopores
Authors: Kohler Florian T. U. , Morain Bruno , Weiß Alexander , Laurin Mathias , Libuda Jörg , Wagner Valentin , Melcher Berthold U. , Wang Xinjiao , Meyer Karsten , Wasserscheid Peter
Published: November 2011

The influence of confinement on the ionic liquid crystal (ILC) [C18C1Im][OTf] is studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The ILC studied is supported on Si‐based powders and glasses with pore sizes ranging from 11 to 50 nm. The temperature of the solid‐to‐liquid‐crystalline phase transition seems mostly unaffected by the confinement, whereas the temperature of the liquid‐crystalline‐to‐liquid phase transition is depressed for smaller pore sizes. A contact layer with a thickness in the order of 2 nm is identified. The contact layer exhibits a phase transition at a temperature 30 K lower than the solid‐to‐liquid‐crystalline phase transition observed for the neat ILC. For applications within the “supported ionic liquid phase (SILP)” concept, the experiments show that in pores of diameter 50 nm a pore filling of α>0.4 is sufficient to reproduce the phase transitions of the neat ILC.
Synthesis of Silyl–Molybdenum Complexes Connected by a 1,1′‐Metallocenylene Unit and Their Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Itazaki Masumi , Ichimura Akio , Nakazawa Hiroshi
Published: November 2011

Methyl–molybdenum complexes react with hydrosilanes or hydrogermane under photo‐irradiation to form the corresponding silyl– or germyl–molybdenum complexes, [(η5‐C5Me5)Mo(CO)3(ER3)] [ER3 = SiPh3 (1), GePh3 (2), SiMe2Ph (3), SiMe2(C5H4FeC5H5) (4)]. This method can be adapted to form metallocenylene compounds that bear two dimethylsilyl groups, [{(η5‐C5Me5)Mo(CO)3(SiMe2C5H4)}2M] [M = Fe (5), Ru (6)]. All of the new complexes were fully characterized by means of 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. In addition, the structures of 1, 5, and 6 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The electrochemical measurements of the ferrocene derivatives that bear one or two {(η5‐C5Me5)Mo(CO)3(SiMe2)} substituent(s) revealed that the {(η5‐C5Me5)Mo(CO)3(SiMe2)} unit has an electron‐donating nature.
Stereoselectivity in (Z)‐Vinylmetal Additions to the Dictyostatin C1–C9 β‐Silyloxy Aldehyde
Authors: Ambrosi Andrea , Pignataro Luca , Zanato Chiara , Gennari Cesare
Published: November 2011

(Z)‐Vinyl iodides 6a–d were synthesized in high yield with good diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity using a Marshall–Tamaru, Pd‐catalyzed allenylzinc reaction as the key step. The addition of 6a–d to the dictyostatin C1–C9 β‐silyloxy aldehyde 5 was carried out through the vinyllithium and lithium vinylzincate routes. The lithium vinylzincate additions always proceeded in higher yields and gave fewer side products than the corresponding vinyllithium additions. The configuration of the newly created C9 stereocenter was assigned through Rychnovsky's acetonide 13C NMR method. The diastereoselectivity in this particular type of (Z)‐vinylmetal addition reaction appears to be controlled by a subtle balance between the intrinsic stereochemical preference of the β‐silyloxy aldehyde (1,3‐anti‐selective) and that of the chiral lithium (Z)‐vinylzincates. The latter becomes more influential with increasing stereochemical complexity, that is, passing from a stereodyad (6a,6b) to a stereotriad (6c,6d).
The Correlation of Lewis Acidities of Silyl Triflates with Reaction Rates of Catalyzed Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Hilt Gerhard , Nödling Alexander
Published: November 2011

The Lewis acidity of various silyl triflates was quantified by utilizing [D5]pyridine as a 2H NMR spectroscopy probe. The chemical shifts of the 2H NMR signals for pyridine–silyl adducts are reported. The rate constants of silyl triflate catalyzed Diels–Alder reactions were determined by using UV/Vis spectroscopy. A correlation of the magnitude of the 2H NMR chemical shifts with the rate constants for most silyl triflates investigated was observed, but Me3SiOTf exhibits a surprisingly large deviation. Control experiments indicate that proton catalysis of the Diels–Alder reaction can be excluded.
Preparation of Chiral Multifunctional Thiourea–Phosphanes and Synthesis of Chiral Allylic Phosphites and Phosphane Oxides through Asymmetric Allylic Substitution Reactions of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Carbonates
Authors: Deng Hong‐Ping , Shi Min
Published: November 2011

We developed a synthetic method to prepare chiral multifunctional thiourea–phosphane catalysts for the asymmetric allylic substitution reaction of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with diphenyl phosphite or diphenylphosphane oxide to give allylic phosphites and allylic phosphane oxides in high yields with excellent enantioselectivity.
Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐oxazolidinones Catalyzed by Tin Alkoxides
Authors: Kojima Ryota , Sawamoto Satoshi , Okamura Aritomo , Takahashi Hiroki , Tsunoi Shinji , Shibata Ikuya
Published: November 2011

Synthesis of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐oxazolidinone derivatives was accomplished from the reaction of α‐hydroxy ketones with isocyanates in the presence of a catalytic amount of a tin alkoxide. The reactions proceeded under mild conditions and are highly atom economical.
Integrated ecological risk assessment of pesticides in tropical ecosystems: A case study with carbofuran in Brazil
Authors: Chelinho Sónia , Lopes Isabel , Natal-da-Luz Tiago , Domene Xaxier , Tenorio Nunes Maria Edna , Espíndola Evaldo L.G. , Ribeiro Rui , Sousa Jose P.
Published: November 2011

The aim of the present study is to contribute an ecologically relevant assessment of the ecotoxicological effects of pesticide applications in agricultural areas in the tropics, using an integrated approach with information gathered from soil and aquatic compartments. Carbofuran, an insecticide/nematicide used widely on sugarcane crops, was selected as a model substance. To evaluate the toxic effects of pesticide spraying for soil biota, as well as the potential indirect effects on aquatic biota resulting from surface runoff and/or leaching, field and laboratory (using a cost-effective simulator of pesticide applications) trials were performed. Standard ecotoxicological tests were performed with soil (Eisenia andrei, Folsomia candida, and Enchytraeus crypticus) and aquatic (Ceriodaphnia silvestrii) organisms, using serial dilutions of soil, eluate, leachate, and runoff samples. Among soil organisms, sensitivity was found to be E. crypticus < E. andrei < F. candida. Among the aqueous extracts, mortality of C. silvestrii was extreme in runoff samples, whereas eluates were by far the least toxic samples. A generally higher toxicity was found in the bioassays performed with samples from the field trial, indicating the need for improvements in the laboratory simulator. However, the tool developed proved to be valuable in evaluating the toxic effects of pesticide spraying in soils and the potential risks for aquatic compartments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:437–445. © 2011 SETAC
A randomized, crossover, placebo‐ and moxifloxacin‐controlled study to evaluate the effects of bosutinib (SKI‐606), a dual Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on cardiac repolarization in healthy adult subjects
Authors: Abbas Richat , Hug Bruce A. , Leister Cathie , Sonnichsen Daryl
Published: November 2011

Effects of therapeutic and supratherapeutic concentrations of bosutinib, a dual Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on the corrected QT interval (QTc) in 60 healthy adults were assessed, according to ICH‐E14 guidelines, in this 2‐part, randomized, single‐dose, double‐blind, crossover, placebo‐ and open‐label moxifloxacin‐controlled study. Subjects received placebo, moxifloxacin and bosutinib 500 mg with food (therapeutic) in Part 1. In Part 2, subjects received placebo and bosutinib 500 mg plus ketoconazole (supratherapeutic). ANOVA compared baseline‐adjusted QTc for bosutinib with placebo; and bosutinib plus ketoconazole with placebo plus ketoconazole. Primary endpoint was population‐specific QT correction (QTcN). Secondary endpoints were Bazett QT correction (QTcB), Fridericia's formula QT correction (QTcF) and individual QT correction (QTcI). Upper bounds for 90% confidence intervals were <10 msec for the mean change in QTcN from placebo at all postdose time points, suggesting that mean therapeutic exposures (Cmax, 114 ng/mL; AUC, 2,330 ng·h/mL) and mean supratherapeutic exposures (Cmax, 326 ng/mL; AUC, 15,200 ng·h/mL) were not associated with QTc changes. Similar results were obtained for QTcB, QTcF and QTcI. No clinically relevant pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship was observed between bosutinib concentrations and QTc. No subjects had QTcB, QTcF, QTcI or QTcN >450 msec or change from baseline >30 msec. In summary, therapeutic and supratherapeutic bosutinib exposures are not associated with QTc prolongation in healthy adults.