bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The accreditation role of Councils on Chiropractic Education as part of the profession's journey from craft to allied health profession: a commentary
Authors: Innes Stanley I. , Leboeuf-Yde Charlotte , Walker Bruce F.
Published: July 2020

Background

Chiropractors see themselves as well positioned to provide safe, effective and economical care for the on-going financial burden that spinal pain imposes. However, in many places of the world, the chiropractic profession continues to find itself struggling to gain acceptance as a mainstream allied health care provider. There is evidence of the existence of undesirable chiropractic practice patterns and it is in part due to some of the world’s accredited chiropractic programs. This indicated a need for scrutiny of international chiropractic educational accreditation standards, which are the responsibility of Councils on Chiropractic Education (CCEs). To this end we reviewed an emerging body of evidence about the chiropractic educational system in order to identify issues and make recommendations that may enhance professional acceptance through improved graduate outcomes and hopefully the quality of patient care. This commentary summarises the findings of that research.

Main text

We reviewed recent relevant studies, including our own, into the role and function of CCEs and found that there is sufficient evidence to identify areas of concern that could be addressed, at least in part, by improvements to CCEs’ educational standards and processes. Areas included a lack of definitions for key terms such as, ‘chiropractic’, ‘diagnosis’, and ‘competency’, without which there can be no common understanding at a detailed level to inform graduate competencies and standards for a matching scope of practice. Further, there is some evidence to suggest that in some cases this level of detail is avoided in order to enable a “big tent” approach that allows for a diversity of approaches to clinical care to co-exist. This combined with the held view that chiropractic is “unique”, highly valued, and best understood by other chiropractors, explains how students and practitioners can cling to ‘traditional’ thinking. This has implications for public safety and patient quality of care.

Conclusion

If chiropractic care is to gain mainstream acceptance worldwide then it needs to adopt, through revitalised CCE accreditation standards and processes, those of other allied healthcare professions and wholeheartedly embrace science, evidence-based practice and patient centred care.
Surgical management of ulnar styloid fractures: comparison of fixation with anchor suture and tension band wire
Authors: Chen Alvin Chao-Yu , Lin Yi-Hsuan , Weng Chun-Jui , Cheng Chun-Ying
Published: July 2020

Background

Limited reference is available regarding surgical management in symptomatic ulnar styloid fractures with small bony avulsion. The study goal is to report the surgical outcomes using anchor suture fixation with comparison to traditional tension band wire fixation.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records in patients who underwent surgical repair for unilateral ulnar styloid fractures with distal radioulnar instability between 2004 and 2017. A total of 31 patients were enrolled including two kinds of fixation methods. Anchor suture fixation plus distal radioulnar joint pinning was performed in ten patients with tiny avulsion bony fragments (group A); tension band wire fixation was performed in 21 patients with big styloid fracture fragments (group B). Patient characteristics and 2-year treatment outcomes were compared between two groups based on Mayo Modified Wrist Score (MMWS); Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH); visual analog scale (VAS), and surgical complication. Descriptive statistics were used for calculation of key variables; a p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Based on Gaulke classification, there were five subtypes in group A and three subtypes in group B. Incidence of concomitant distal radius fractures was significantly higher in group B; other patient characteristics including age, sex, injury side, and time to surgery showed no significant difference. Outcome assessment regarding MMWS, QuickDASH, and VAS was comparable between two groups. Bone-related complications including nonunion, DRUJ subluxation, and styloid resorption were analyzed; the difference was not significant. Incidence of implant-related complications including migration and secondary removal surgery was significantly higher in group B (p = 0.021).

Conclusion

Surgical fixation in symptomatic ulnar styloid fractures yields comparable treatment outcomes in both fracture patterns. Implant-related complication with secondary removal surgery is more common in tension band wire group. Anchor suture fixation is a feasible option for tiny styloid avulsion fragments with limited surgical complication.
Enhancement of docosahexaenoic acid production by overexpression of ATP-citrate lyase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in Schizochytrium sp.
Authors: Han Xiao , Zhao Zhunan , Wen Ying , Chen Zhi
Published: July 2020

Background

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an important omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that has a variety of physiological functions for infant development and human health. Although metabolic engineering was previously demonstrated to be a highly efficient way to rapidly increase lipid production, metabolic engineering has seldom been previously used to increase DHA accumulation inSchizochytriumspp.

Results

Here, a sensitive β-galactosidase reporter system was established to screen for strong promoters inSchizochytriumsp. Four constitutive promoters (EF-1αp,TEF-1p,ccg1p, andubiquitinp) and one methanol-inducedAOX1promoter were characterized by the reporter system with the promoter activityccg1p> TEF-1p > AOX1p(induced) > EF-1αp > ubiquitinp. With the strong constitutive promoterccg1p,SchizochytriumATP-citrate lyase (ACL) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were overexpressed inSchizochytriumsp. ATCC 20888. The cells were cultivated at 28 °C and 250 rpm for 120 h with glucose as the carbon source. Shake-flask fermentation results showed that the overexpression strains exhibited growth curves and biomass similar to those of the wild-type strain. The lipid contents of the wild-type strain and of the OACL, OACC, and OACL-ACC strains were 53.8, 68.8, 69.8, and 73.0%, respectively, and the lipid yields of the overexpression strains were increased by 21.9, 30.5, and 38.3%, respectively. DHA yields of the wild-type strain and of the corresponding overexpression strains were 4.3, 5.3, 6.1, and 6.4 g/L, i.e., DHA yields of the overexpression strains were increased by 23.3, 41.9, and 48.8%, respectively.

Conclusions

Acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA are precursors for fatty acid synthesis. ACL catalyzes the conversion of citrate in the cytoplasm into acetyl-CoA, and ACC catalyzes the synthesis of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA. The results demonstrate that overexpression of ACL and ACC enhances lipid accumulation and DHA production inSchizochytriumsp.
Alternative methylation of intron motifs is associated with cancer-related gene expression in both canine mammary tumor and human breast cancer
Authors: Nam A-Reum , Lee Kang-Hoon , Hwang Hyeon-Ji , Schabort Johannes J. , An Jae-Hoon , Won Sung-Ho , Cho Je-Yoel
Published: July 2020

Background

Canine mammary tumor (CMT) has long been considered as a good animal model for human breast cancer (HBC) due to their pathological and biological similarities. However, only a few aspects of the epigenome have been explored in both HBC and CMT. Moreover, DNA methylation studies have mainly been limited to the promoter regions of genes.

Results

Genome-wide methylation analysis was performed in CMT and adjacent normal tissues and focused on the intron regions as potential targets for epigenetic regulation. As expected, many tumor suppressors and oncogenes were identified. Of note, most cancer-associated biological processes were enriched in differentially methylated genes (DMGs) that included intron DMRs (differentially methylated regions). Interestingly, two PAX motifs, PAX5 (tumor suppressive) and PAX6 (oncogenic), were frequently found in hyper- and hypomethylated intron DMRs, respectively. Hypermethylation at the PAX5 motifs in the intron regions of CDH5 and LRIG1 genes were found to be anti-correlated with gene expression, while CDH2 and ADAM19 genes harboring hypomethylated PAX6 motifs in their intron region were upregulated. These results were validated from the specimens originally MBD-sequenced as well as additional clinical samples. We also comparatively investigated the intron methylation and downstream gene expression of these genes using human breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) datasets in TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) public database. Regional alteration of methylation was conserved in the corresponding intron regions and, consequently, gene expression was also altered in HBC.

Conclusions

This study provides good evidence for the conservation of epigenetic regulation in CMT and HBC, and suggests that intronic methylation can be an important factor in better understanding gene regulation in both CMT and HBC.
Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF-1): a favorable prognostic factor in adult acute myeloid leukemia in Egyptian patients
Authors: Farweez Botheina Ahmed Thabet , Shalaby Nahela Ahmed , Eissa Doaa Ahmed Gamal , Galal Raghda El Sayed Abdel Monem , El-khazragy Nashwa , Pessar Shaimaa Abdelmalik
Published: July 2020

Background

Canonical wingless-type (Wnt) signaling is a crucial pathway involved in normal hematopoiesis and the self-renewal process of hematopoietic stem cells. Deregulation of this pathway has been associated with different subtypes of leukemia. Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF-1) is a major transcription factor of this pathway and plays a pivotal role in lymphoid differentiation and granulopoiesis. High LEF-1 expression has been reported as a prognostic marker in several types of adult hematological malignancies. We aimed to assess the prognostic utility of LEF-1 expression in adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) Egyptian patients in continuation of our previous work. LEF-1 expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 30 adults with newly diagnosed AML and remeasured at day 28 after induction therapy with the assessment of remission status.

Results

Patients were classified according to median expression level into high and low LEF-1 expression groups. LEF-1 levels were dramatically decreased following successful induction therapy. Also, high LEF-1 expression patients had a better response to therapy with better overall survival. ROC curve analysis of LEF-1 expression yielded a cutoff value of < 10.11 log10 (sensitivity of 90.48% and specificity of 100%) for predicting poor outcome. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that for every log10 increase in the LEF-1 expression level, the chance of the patient to achieve hematological remission was increased by 2.29 folds.

Conclusion

Our study showed preliminary results that overexpression of LEF-1 is a favorable prognostic factor in newly diagnosed adult AML patients. The prognostic value of LEF-1 could suggest its utility for further risk classifications of AML and potentiality for being a target for therapy.
Fish bone induced bronchial artery pseudoaneurysm in a patient with underlying bronchiectasis—a case report
Authors: Mathew Rishi Philip , Jayaram Vinayak , Toms Ajith , Joshi Manisha
Published: July 2020

Background

Fish bones are the most common cause of accidental foreign body ingestion, especially in Asian and Mediterranean nations. In most cases, the fish bones pass through the alimentary tract without any complications and rarely require any intervention. Less than 5% of the patients with accidentally ingested fish bones develop complications. In this report, we present the first documented case of a fish bone induced bronchial artery pseudoaneurysm in an elderly male with underlying bronchiectasis; the latter recognized as a risk factor for developing bronchial artery hypertrophy.

Case presentation

We report a case of a fish bone induced bronchial artery pseudoaneurysm in a patient with underlying bronchiectasis. The vascular complication induced by the fish bone was identified only on intravenous contrast CT and would not have been identified on plain CT alone. The patient underwent bronchial artery embolization, following which the fish bone was dis-impacted endoscopically.

Conclusions

Intravenous post contrast chest CT may have an important role in the evaluation of accidental fish bone ingestion, especially in patients with underlying lung diseases, as vascular complications are most often overt on a non-contrast CT study.
Comparison of Access to Novel Drugs for Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Between India and the United States
Authors: Sathyanarayanan Vishwanath , Flowers Christopher R. , Iyer Swaminathan P.
Published: July 2020

This review will compare and contrast the costs and access to novel drugs for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and lymphoma in the United States and India during the last 5 years. Clinical outcomes for patients with hematologic malignancies have improved significantly since the approval of immunotherapeutic and targeted therapies. These new treatments have had an impact on overall outcomes and have helped determine the design for translational research and future trials. Although most of these novel drugs called “innovators” are initially approved and marketed in the United States, several have also become available in countries such as India. With the expiration of patents, generic versions of innovator drugs have increased and accessibility has improved for patients. The advent of biosimilars is another route for expanding access to biologic compounds. As a result, the development costs for developing these drugs are lower, and consequently, the costs for the patient are often lower. Although the delivery of cancer care is not the same in India as it is in the United States, the introduction of biosimilars and generics has helped bridge the gap. This has made treatment of CLL and lymphoma similar in both countries and has had the same impact on patient outcomes and quality of life. Compulsory licensing for essential medications, as stipulated by the Doha Declaration, and capping of drug prices could improve global access to treatments for CLL and lymphoma.
Adrenal Corticomedullary Mixed Tumor Associated With the FGFR4-G388R Variant
Authors: Kanzawa Maki , Fukuoka Hidenori , Yamamoto Akane , Suda Kentaro , Shigemura Katsumi , Hara Shigeo , Imagawa Naoko , Tsukamoto Ryuko , Aoyama Yayoi , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Fujisawa Masato , Ogawa Wataru , Takahashi Yutaka , Itoh Tomoo
Published: July 2020

Adrenal corticomedullary mixed tumors (CMMTs) are extremely rare; with only 20 cases being reported to date, the pathogenesis has remained elusive. A 31-year-old woman developed gestational hypertension with psychiatric disturbances persistent to postpartum and was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma, for which adrenalectomy was performed. Histological findings showed mixed adrenocortical adenoma and pheochromocytoma. Double immunostaining of inhibin and INSM1 (insulinoma-associated protein 1) showed that the 2 tumor components had distinct functional properties. Exome analysis of peripheral leukocytes and tumor (singular, as anatomically it is only 1 mass) revealed a homozygous germline FGFR4-G388R variant. As a readout of the variant, serine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was detected only in the nucleus of adrenocortical adenoma component but not in the pheochromocytoma component. No tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 was detected. We report a case of CMMT with the germline FGFR4-G388R variant. Although additional studies are required, our immunohistochemical analysis suggests that the variant may play a role in the development of the adrenocortical component within the pheochromocytoma, leading to CMMT.
A Case Report of Nonalcoholic Gayet-Wernicke Encephalopathy: Don’t Miss Thiamine
Authors: Jain Kompal , Singh Jasveer , Jain Anant , Khera Tanvi
Published: July 2020

Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neurological disorder resulting from deficiency of thiamine, commonly related to chronic abuse of alcohol, but frequently missed or overlooked as a diagnosis when a nonalcoholic patient presents with atypical signs and symptoms of the disease. The diagnosis of the disease is clinical, and confirmation is done by magnetic resonance imaging. We aim to highlight a case of WE in a nonalcoholic postoperative surgical patient receiving total parental nutrition where high-dose intravenous administration of thiamine in time mitigated the symptoms of disease and prevented permanent neurological sequelae. We spotlight the significance of adequate thiamine for postoperative malnourished surgical patients.
Unexpected Obstruction of a Parker Flex-Tip Endotracheal Tube Caused by Outward Bending of Its Tip: A Case Report
Authors: Yasunami Keisuke , Takenaka Ichiro , Minami Tomoko , Sano Haruhiko
Published: July 2020

We report a case of Parker Flex-Tip endotracheal tube obstruction caused by its tip bending outward against the tube lumen. The Parker Flex-Tip tube tip is designed to bend inward to prevent damage to airway structures during intubation. However, when its tip is bent outward, the tube aperture is distorted, shifts against the tracheal wall, and is occluded. Moreover, the cross-sectional area of the openings on the side of the endotracheal tube, the “Murphy’s eyes” which are ellipses, decrease because the openings are pulled parallel to their long axis. Outward bending of the tip can obstruct the tube.
Does a Modified Adhesive Respirator Improve the Face Seal for Health Care Workers Who Previously Failed a Fit Test?: A Pilot Study During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Wardhan Richa , Brennan Meghan M. , Brown Holden L. , Creech Trey B.
Published: July 2020

Approximately 30% of health care workers (HCWs) fail the respirator fit test. Evidence suggests that addressing face leaks in the 3M respirator enhances its fit and improves its efficacy. Between March 31 and April 9, 2020, HCWs who failed fit tests for 3M 1860 and 1860S respirators were invited to retest with an adhesive modification of the 3M respirator. Sixty-eight percent of HCWs who failed the fit test with their first-choice respirator passed with a modified adhesive respirator. To increase the efficacy and safety of 3M respirators, ineffective face seals need substantial improvement in design.
The effects of temperature on the proxies of visual detection of Danio rerio larvae: observations from the optic tectum
Authors: Babkiewicz Ewa , Bazała Michał , Urban Paulina , Maszczyk Piotr , Markowska Magdalena , Gliwicz Z. Maciej
Published: July 2020

Numerous studies have indicated that temperature improves the visual capabilities of different ectotherms, including a variety of fish species. However, none of these studies has directly tested whether elevated temperature extends the visual detection distance – the distance from which a visual stimulus is detected. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of temperature on the visual detection distance of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae by measuring the largest distance from a moving target that induced a neural response in the optic tectum. We applied advanced methods of functional calcium imaging such as selective plane illumination microscopy in combination with a miniature OLED screen. The screen displayed an artificial, mobile prey, appearing in the visual field of the larvae. We performed experiments in three temperature treatments (18, 23 and 28°C) on transgenic fish expressing a fluorescent probe (GCaMP5G) that changes intensity in response to altered Ca2+ concentrations in the nerves in the optic tectum. Based on the obtained data, we also measured three additional parameters of the neural response in the optic tectum, each being a proxy of sensitivity to changes in the stimulus movement. We did not confirm our hypothesis, since the visual detection distance shortened as the temperature increased. Moreover, all of the three additional parameters indicated a negative effect of the temperature on the speed of the neural response to the stimuli. However, the obtained results could be explained not only by worse visual capabilities at the elevated temperature, but also by the differences in the visual field and in turn, the retinotopic location of the visual stimulus between the temperature treatments, since the stimulus in the experiments moved horizontally rather than forward and backward from the fish's eye.
Lymphocytes perform reverse adhesive haptotaxis mediated by LFA-1 integrins
Authors: Luo Xuan , Seveau de Noray Valentine , Aoun Laurene , Biarnes-Pelicot Martine , Strale Pierre-Olivier , Studer Vincent , Valignat Marie-Pierre , Theodoly Olivier
Published: July 2020

Cell guidance by anchored molecules, or haptotaxis, is crucial in development, immunology and cancer. Adhesive haptotaxis, or guidance by adhesion molecules, is well established for mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts, whereas its existence remains unreported for amoeboid cells that require less or no adhesion in order to migrate. We show that, in vitro, amoeboid human T lymphocytes develop adhesive haptotaxis mediated by densities of integrin ligands expressed by high endothelial venules. Moreover, lymphocytes orient towards increasing adhesion with VLA-4 integrins (also known as integrin α4β1), like all mesenchymal cells, but towards decreasing adhesion with LFA-1 integrins (also known as integrin αLβ4), which has not previously been observed. This counterintuitive ‘reverse haptotaxis’ cannot be explained by existing mechanisms of mesenchymal haptotaxis involving either competitive anchoring of cell edges under tension or differential integrin-activated growth of lamellipodia, because they both favor orientation towards increasing adhesion. The mechanisms and functions of amoeboid adhesive haptotaxis remain unclear; however, multidirectional integrin-mediated haptotaxis might operate around transmigration ports on endothelia, stromal cells in lymph nodes, and inflamed tissue where integrin ligands are spatially modulated.
The Na+ pump Ena1 is a yeast epsin-specific cargo requiring its ubiquitylation and phosphorylation sites for internalization
Authors: Sen Arpita , Hsieh Wen-Chieh , Hanna Claudia B. , Hsu Chuan-Chih , Pearson McKeith , Tao W. Andy , Aguilar R. Claudio
Published: July 2020

It is well known that in addition to its classical role in protein turnover, ubiquitylation is required for a variety of membrane protein sorting events. However, and despite substantial progress in the field, a long-standing question remains: given that all ubiquitin units are identical, how do different elements of the sorting machinery recognize their specific cargoes? Our results indicate that the yeast Na+ pump Ena1 is an epsin (Ent1 and Ent2 in yeast)-specific cargo and that its internalization requires K1090, which likely undergoes Art3-dependent ubiquitylation. In addition, an Ena1 serine and threonine (ST)-rich patch, proposed to be targeted for phosphorylation by casein kinases, was also required for its uptake. Interestingly, our data suggest that this phosphorylation was not needed for cargo ubiquitylation. Furthermore, epsin-mediated internalization of Ena1 required a specific spatial organization of the ST patch with respect to K1090 within the cytoplasmic tail of the pump. We hypothesize that ubiquitylation and phosphorylation of Ena1 are required for epsin-mediated internalization.
One-Pot Heteroarene Synthesis Based on Ruthenium-on-Carbon-Catalyzed Oxidative Aromatization Using Oxygen
Authors: Yamamoto Yuta , Yamada Yutaro , Sajiki Hironao , Sawama Yoshinari
Published: July 2020

Various heteroarenes, such as indole, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, etc., were easily constructed by the Diels-Alder reaction of the corresponding vinyl-substituted pyrrole, indole, benzofuran or benzothiophene with the dienophiles and the subsequent heterogeneously ruthenium-on-carbon (Ru/C)-catalyzed oxidative aromatization using oxygen in a one-pot manner. Furthermore, the one-pot synthesis of the tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-a]carbazole-1,3-dione derivative possessing the critical backbone of the antitumor agent was also accomplished by the following construction of the phthalimide moiety.
Biomechanical Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training after ACL Reconstruction
Authors: TELFER SCOTT , CALHOUN JOHN , BIGHAM JOSEPH J. , MAND SIMRAN , GELLERT JOSHUA M. , HAGEN MIA S. , KWEON CHRISTOPHER Y. , GEE ALBERT O.
Published: July 2020

Introduction

After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, returning the knee to previous levels of strength and function is challenging, with the failure to do so associated with an increased risk of reinjury and long-term degenerative problems. Blood flow restriction (BFR) is gaining popularity as a rehabilitation technique; however, its effects on the mechanics of these exercises have not been fully explored. In this study, we aimed to determine the acute effects of BFR on the performance of a step-up exercise protocol and to assess the acceptability of the technique.

Methods

Twenty individuals (12 female/8 male; mean age, 30.6 yr) who had recently undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and 20 controls (11 female/9 male, mean age 28.0 yr) performed a step-up exercise protocol with and without BFR. Lower limb kinematics and kinetics were measured and compared between groups and conditions. Testing was completed in June 2019.

Results

Participants in both groups had increased external rotation of the tibia of 2° (P < 0.001) and reductions in knee flexion and rotation torques around the joint of around 50% (P < 0.001) when using BFR compared with nonrestricted step-up exercise. The intervention was found to increase the difficulty of the exercise and induce moderate levels of discomfort (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The present study provides cautious support for the use of BFR, showing that there are minimal changes in knee joint mechanics when performing the same exercise without BFR, and that the changes do not increase joint torques at the knee. From an acute biomechanical perspective, the intervention appears safe to use under qualified supervision; however, effects of repetitive use and long-term outcomes should be monitored.
Teaching Cross Cultural Communication through ESP Textbook
Authors: Balahovskaya Yu.
Published: July 2020

The article focuses on ESP textbook evaluation to develop effective cross cultural communication skills. The core elements of the ESP textbook for teaching and learning Military English are: intercultural content, authentic and meaningful texts and task-based activities, simulating situations in professional communication settings.
Financial Innovation and Financial Intermediation: Evidence from Credit Default Swaps
Authors: Butler Alexander W. , Gao Xiang , Uzmanoglu Cihan
Published: July 2020

We study the influence of credit default swaps (CDS) trading on the costs of bond intermediation. After CDS initiation, CDS firms pay 12% to 28% (8 to 20 basis points) lower underwriting fees than similar non-CDS firms do. Underwriting fees decline more for riskier issuers and illiquid bonds for which the ability to hedge with CDS is more valuable. In bond offerings, participation by investors facing risk-based regulatory requirements increases after CDS initiation. Our evidence suggests that CDS-driven innovations in risk sharing contribute to the transactional efficiency of the market by reducing the financial intermediation costs of placing bonds.

This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
Living with and beyond colorectal cancer with a permanent colostomy: metaphor, survivorship and long-term care
Authors: Black Pat
Published: July 2020

This article considers the implications of a descriptive doctoral study on the long-term care needs of colorectal cancer patients with a permanent colostomy. It explores how figurative language shapes how patients and clinicians describe and perceive illness, including the pitfalls of moralistic and military metaphors, as well as how metaphors can be used for effective clinician–patient communication. It considers how the concept of survivorship is defined and experienced by cancer patients, including the disruption of perceived time and the therapeutic value of narratives. It also looks at the importance and extent of patient empowerment for self-care, as well as the necessity and lack of long-term support for cancer patients after discharge following the 5-year NHS follow-up period. Finally, it proposes how ongoing support could be provided, as modelled by the Care for Life Plan.
Independent judgement and the voice of the dissenting director
Authors: Taylor Paul
Published: July 2020

Directors have defined duties and obligations in law, and a failure to observe them can land an individual in hot water. In particular, directors must use their own independent judgement when making decisions. Paul Taylor explains
An electronic intervention to reduce the risk of polypharmacy in older populations
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: July 2020

Older people are a high-risk population for overprescribing and the attendant side effects. Sarah Jane Palmer describes the research efforts to reduce polypharmacy using technological interventions
Procedures for disclosing patients' medical records
Authors: Hooper Ayisha , Wright Fin
Published: July 2020

Ayisha Hooper and Fin Wright, cases managers at Medical Protection, look at the reasons why practices can be approached by the police or solicitors to disclose medical records, and set out some guidance to practice managers
Ge on Si waveguide mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy of proteins and their aggregates
Authors: Mittal Vinita , Devitt George , Nedeljkovic Milos , Carpenter Lewis G. , Chong Harold M. H. , Wilkinson James S. , Mahajan Sumeet , Mashanovich Goran Z.
Published: July 2020

Specific proteins and their aggregates form toxic amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. It is important to study these conformational changes to identify and differentiate these diseases at an early stage so that timely medication is provided to patients. Mid-infrared spectroscopy can be used to monitor these changes by studying the line-shapes and the relative absorbances of amide bands present in proteins. This work focusses on the spectroscopy of the protein, Bovine Serum Albumin as an exemplar, and its aggregates using germanium on silicon waveguides in the 1900–1000 cm−1 (5.3–10.0 µm) spectral region.
Calculation of a lens system with one or two aspherical surfaces having corrected spherical aberration
Authors: Mikš Antonín , Pokorný Petr
Published: July 2020

The paper presents a detailed theoretical analysis of characteristics of a rotationally symmetric lens system with one or two aspherical surfaces having corrected spherical aberration and reduced coma aberration for a given position of the object and the image. Formulas for surface shape optimization are derived, and the procedure for calculating the aspherical system is shown. The presented formulas are verified with examples of ray tracing.
Tilt-to-length noise coupled by wavefront errors in the interfering beams for the space measurement of gravitational waves
Authors: Zhao Ya , Shen Jia , Fang Chao , Liu Heshan , Wang Zhi , Luo Ziren
Published: July 2020

The space-based gravitational wave detection programs, like the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) or the Taiji program, aim to detect gravitational waves in space with a triangular constellation of three spacecraft. The unavoidable jitters of the spacecraft and the pointing will couple with the misalignment of the interfering beams into the longitudinal path length readout. This effect is called tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling, which is one of the keys to achieving the required measuring accuracy of

1
p
m

/

H
z

. In terms of two phase definitions (the LISA Pathfinder (LPF) signal and the Average Phase (AP) signal), we implement the comprehensive theoretical analysis concerning the effect of aberrations on TTL coupling noise. In addition, we analytically derive that the proper lateral shift of the interfering beams relative to the detector can partly cancel out the TTL noise coupled with aberrations, especially coma and trefoil aberrations for the AP signal. Based on the above results, the meaningful guidance can be provided for the design and construction of the optical system in LISA or Taiji.
Broadband control of the optical properties of semiconductors through site-controlled self-assembly of microcrystals
Authors: Pedrini Jacopo , Biagioni Paolo , Ballabio Andrea , Barzaghi Andrea , Bonzi Maura , Bonera Emiliano , Isella Giovanni , Pezzoli Fabio
Published: July 2020

We investigate light-matter interactions in periodic silicon microcrystals fabricated combining top-down and bottom-up strategies. The morphology of the microcrystals, their periodic arrangement, and their high refractive index allow the exploration of photonic effects in microstructured architectures. We observe a notable decrease in reflectivity above the silicon bandgap from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared. Finite-difference time-domain simulations show that this phenomenon is accompanied by a ∼2-fold absorption enhancement with respect to a flat sample. Finally, we demonstrate that ordered silicon microstructures enable a fine tuning of the light absorption by changing experimentally accessible knobs as pattern and growth parameters. This work will facilitate the implementation of optoelectronic devices based on high-density microcrystals arrays with optimized light-matter interactions.
High-contrast lead-free pair of soft glasses for large numerical aperture imaging bundles
Authors: Stepien Ryszard , Cimek Jaroslaw , Pysz Dariusz , Kujawa Ireneusz , Golebiewski Przemyslaw , Stepniewski Grzegorz , Orlinski Krzysztof , Buczynski Ryszard , Kasztelanic Rafal
Published: July 2020

Development of high numerical aperture fiber bundles (FBs) requires use of thermally matched pair of glasses with a high difference of refractive indices. We have developed a pair of glasses with high refractive index contrast ΔnD>0.2, suitable for fabrication of optical fiber bundles with numerical aperture NA > 0.85. Core glass was synthetized in the lanthanum oxide system Nb2O5-Ta2O5-SiO2-ZrO2-B2O3-Al2O3-La2O3-BaO-SrO. Borosilicate glass synthetized in oxide system SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-MgO-CaO-Na2O-K2O, thermally matched to the core glass, is used for the fiber cladding. The glasses also have high transmission from 350 to over 600 nm, which makes them ideal for fluorescence imaging applications. These thermally stable, crystallization-free lanthanum and borosilicate glasses have been successfully applied to development of proof-of-concept large diameter optical fiber.
Long-lived elementary excitations and light coherence in topological lasers
Authors: Zapletal Petr , Galilo Bogdan , Nunnenkamp Andreas
Published: July 2020

Combining topologically protected chiral light transport and laser amplification gives rise to topological lasers, whose operation is immune to fabrication imperfections and defects, uncovering the role of topology in a novel nonlinear non-Hermitian regime. We study a topological laser based on the photonic Haldane model with selective pumping of chiral edge modes described by saturable gain. We investigate elementary excitations around the mean-field steady state and their consequences for the coherence properties. In particular, we show that the hybridization of chiral edge modes gives rise to long-lived elementary excitations, leading to large phase fluctuations in the emitted light field and a decrease in light coherence. In contrast to topologically trivial lasers, the lifetime of elementary excitations is robust against disorder in topological lasers. However, the lifetime depends strongly on the edge-mode dispersion around the lasing frequency. As a result, the lifetime can be reduced by orders of magnitude for lasing of different edge modes, leading to a suppression of phase fluctuations and larger coherence of the emitted light. On the other hand, amplitude fluctuations and the second-order autocorrelation function are moderately increased at the same time.
‘I don’t get lucky, I make my own luck’: Masculinities and male bodies in the neo-liberal office space of Suits
Authors: Chin Amanda Sarah
Published: July 2020

Suits’ evocation of masculinity within the neo-liberal office as a site of gender configuration is plural. Although its male protagonists all possess structural power as white, heterosexual, intelligent men (two are wealthy, and eventually the third comes to be), they each reflect varied and occasionally contrasting forms of masculinity. The article explores how, over the seasons, Suits progresses from breadth to depth, with its male characters threading their way through different types of masculine behaviours in order to succeed. In the face of recurrent challenges, their masculinities must be reconfigured. The article examines the manner in which the self becomes a locus of accountability to situate one’s problem-solving ability and subsequent empowerment through performing multiple masculinities.
Radial growth of trees differing in their vitality in the middle-aged Scots pine forests in the Kola peninsula
Authors: Katjutin Paul , Stavrova Natalia , Gorshkov Vadim , Lyanguzov Andrew , Bakkal Irina , Mikhailov Sergey
Published: July 2020

The research was carried out in unmanaged middle-aged (75â85 years) Northern taiga Scots pine ( L.) forests in the Kola peninsula. It was established that forests of green moss-lichen and green moss site types are characterised by a predominance (65â70% by stand volume) of moderately and strongly weakened trees. Trees of differing vitality have significant differences in annual increment. Healthy trees had a radial increment (RI) 70â75% greater than that of dying trees, and a basal area increment (BAI) 85â90% greater. The dynamics of the RI and BAI of Scots pine trees for the 70-year period (from 1945 to 2015) is different. The RI of all individuals in the communities studied decreases consistently. The decrease is expressed more strongly in green moss Scots pine forests (80â95% from 1945 to 2015) compared to green moss-lichen forests (60â80%); it manifests itself more in strongly weakened and dying individuals (75â95%) than in healthy and moderately weakened ones (60â80%). Annual basal area increment in green moss Scots pine forests increases by 45â65% from stand establishment until the trees are 25 to 35 years old and subsequently decreases by 50â80% to 70â80 years of age. In green moss-lichen pine forests the BAI of Scots pine remains rather stable in healthy and moderately weakened trees and decreases in strongly weakened and dying individuals by 45% and 75â80%, respectively throughout the studied period.Pinus sylvestris
Patient-Specific Stress–Abdominal Pain Interaction in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Exploratory Experience Sampling Method Study
Authors: Vork Lisa , Keszthelyi Daniel , van Kuijk Sander M.J. , Quetglas Emilio G. , Törnblom Hans , Simrén Magnus , Aziz Qasim , Corsetti Maura , Tack Jan , Mujagic Zlatan , Leue Carsten , Kruimel Joanna W. , Masclee Ad A.M.
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Gastrointestinal symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have been correlated with psychological factors using retrospective symptom assessment. However, real-time symptom assessment might reveal the interplay between abdominal and affective symptoms more reliably in a longitudinal perspective. The aim was to evaluate the association between stress and abdominal pain, using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) as a real-time, repeated measurement method.

METHODS:

Thirty-seven patients with IBS (26 women; mean age 36.7 years) and 36 healthy controls (HC; 24 women; mean age 31.1 years) completed an electronic ESM during 7 consecutive days. Abdominal pain and stress were scored on an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale at a maximum of 10 random moments each day.

RESULTS:

Abdominal pain scores were 2.21 points higher in patients with IBS compared with those in HC (P < 0.001), whereas stress levels did not differ significantly (B: 0.250, P = 0.406). In IBS, a 1-point increase in stress was associated with, on average, 0.10 points increase in abdominal pain (P = 0.017). In HC, this was only 0.02 (P = 0.002). Stress levels at t = −1 were not a significant predictor for abdominal pain at t = 0 in both groups, and vice versa.

DISCUSSION:

Our results demonstrate a positive association between real-time stress and abdominal pain scores and indicate a difference in response to stress and not a difference in experienced stress per se. Furthermore, an in-the-moment rather than a longitudinal association is suggested. This study underlines the importance of considering the individual flow of daily life and supports the use of real-time measurement when interpreting potential influencers of abdominal symptoms in IBS.
The pangolin’s revenge: SARS-CoV-2 did not emerge from a lab but from wildlife exploitation
Authors: Cazzolla Gatti Roberto
Published: July 2020

In recent weeks, news has spread that the current coronavirus is the result of something created in a laboratory that then escaped control. This concern also stems from news reporting that back in 2015 experiments were already being carried out in China to create a recombinant SARS-derived
coronavirus. Unfortunately, such news finds fertile ground on social media and, especially in pandemic periods, fosters conspiracies and paranoia. This time, however, the news was spread by some authoritative sources. Here I explain how I found out convincing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 did not
emerge from a lab but from wildlife exploitation.
Ein Virus verändert unser Weltverhältnis
Authors: Tretter Felix , Gaugler Tobias , Bieling Claudia , Tretter Christine , Underberg Emil , Harrer-Puchner Gabriele , Franz-Balsen Angela
Published: July 2020

Die Eigennatur der Corona-Pandemie hat Medizin und Politik herausgefordert ‐ nun heißt es, das Wissensmanagement zu analysieren. Wichtig erscheint uns dabei, die Bedeutung des subjektiven Erlebens der Krise zu berücksichtigen. Aus humanökologischer Sicht besteht
Verbesserungsbedarf in der inter- und transdisziplinären Wissensproduktion und -kommunikation. Dies gilt auch für die Bewältigung des Klimawandels und weiterer Krisen.
Getrennt durch die Zukunft? Österreichische Stakeholder(innen) beurteilen ,,Neue Pflanzenzüchtungsverfahren“
Authors: Dürnberger Christian , Kallhoff Angela , Grimm Herwig
Published: July 2020

Der Einsatz neuartiger Verfahren in der Pflanzenzüchtung wird kontrovers diskutiert. Eine Befragung österreichischer Expert(inn)en macht deutlich, dass eine für alle zufriedenstellende Zukunftsvorstellung kaum möglich ist, doch könnten künftige Entscheidungen
für oder gegen die neuen Verfahren abgefedert werden, wenn die Kritikpunkte des jeweils anderen ,,Lagers“ Berücksichtigung fänden.This article presents the results of an ethical Delphi among 19 Austrian stakeholders on the topic of “New Plant Breeding Techniques”.
Among the topic’s opponents, a broad consensus was shown on core goals (e. g., the yield security of Austrian agriculture in view of the climate crisis through the use of regionally adapted plant varieties, and a more environmentally friendly agriculture deserving of the description
“rural”). Dissent was also evident, especially concerning these questions: to what extent can the new methods contribute to the achievement of these objectives? Is an entirely different form of agriculture needed? The study developed desirable future scenarios from both the opponents’
and proponents’ points of view and discussed them with regard to potential “compensatory measures”: if these techniques are (not) promoted, which points of criticism in particular should be addressed to increase the respective opponents’ acceptance of such a decision?
Slave Wars and the Prerevolutionary Landscape
Authors: Łukasz Zaremba Łukasz Zaremba
Published: July 2020

Review of Vincent Brown’s book Tacky’s Revolt. The Story of an Atlantic Slave War (2020).
Saving Planet Capital – the Logical Bailout of the Financial Market
Authors: Marta Olesik Marta Olesik
Published: July 2020

When analyzing the neoliberal model of the market in terms of the transcendental conditions it creates, researchers concentrate on two distinct categories - competition and debt. Together, they constitute a form of reason specific to the economic development which occurred in our recent history. The aim of this text is to show how the financial crisis of 2007-2008 affected these two iterations of the neoliberal economic paradigm, with the bailout procedure simultaneously breaching the rules of competition and debt and then slyly re-purposing them in order to justify the situation. This re-purposing is the eponymous logical bailout which depended on a brand new transcendental form which the market has taken on. This form is introduced in a nutshell by the formula “too big to fail”. The essay shows that this slogan helped introduce an understanding of the market in terms of an environment – an intricate and inherently fragile network whose preservation is necessary for the survival of the species inhabiting it. This transcendental shift will be discussed as a survival mechanism which allowed the neoliberal paradigm to avoid demise despite its complete fiasco.
The architecture of access: ramps at ancient Greek healing sanctuaries
Authors: Sneed Debby
Published: July 2020

Ancient Greece is well known for its many temples and sanctuaries, including several dedicated to healing and associated cults. Informed by disability studies, this article analyses the architecture of public spaces and facilities, alongside epigraphic, iconographic and literary evidence, to argue that the ancient Greeks sought to ensure the accessibility of healing sanctuaries. Even without a framework of civil rights as we understand them today, the builders of these sites made architectural choices that enabled individuals with impaired mobility to access these spaces. It is hoped that this research may stimulate further investigations into accessibility at other sites in the Classical world and beyond.