bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La création de Marly : les rôles de Charles Le Brun, Jules Hardouin-Mansart et Louis XIV dans la conception de l’ensemble
Authors: Hartmann Claudia
Published: December 2013

L’originalité du château de Marly réside avant tout dans l’ordonnance de l’architecture en un système de pavillons et dans la décoration de toutes les façades par des fresques polychromes. D’un seul point de vue quantitatif, l’ensemble des projets de ce décor représente le groupe de dessins le plus important de la première phase de construction de Marly. Non seulement ces documents, parmi les plus anciens conservés, nous renseignent sur la première phase de la conception, mais, dans le cas du Pavillon royal, ils sont aussi la preuve qu’un processus de concertation eut lieu entre Le Brun et Mansart en vue d’harmoniser l’architecture et le système de décor feint. La tradition des décors de fêtes éphémères a sans aucun doute constitué la source d’inspiration principale de ce décor : les correspondances frappantes entre le premier projet d’ensemble pour Marly et l’Illumination du jardin de Versailles organisée en 1674 et 1676 – dont nous aimerions attribuer le projet à Le Brun –, qui a fortement fasciné Louis XIV, pour lequel elle représentait une sorte d’extension idéale du jardin de Versailles, suggèrent que ce décor a fourni le modèle de l’idée initiale de Marly. Parallèlement, le rôle de Mansart apparaît clairement comme celui d’un architecte extrêmement inventif qui donna au site sa forme architecturale concrète ; son projet d’une chartreuse sécularisée à des fins de retraite pour le monarque ne présente pas moins de caractères fantastiques. Le projet et la réalisation d’un concept aussi « risqué » à tous points de vue ne furent possibles que parce que son commanditaire y voyait la transposition idéale de ses souhaits personnels et de ses goûts esthétiques, dans un lieu jouissant d’une relative intimité.
Migrations, dynamiques agricoles et problèmes fonciers en Afrique subsaharienne : Le périmètre irrigué de Lagdo (Nord-Cameroun)
Authors: Mfewou Abdoulay
Published: December 2013

Dans la région de Lagdo, au Nord-Cameroun, les paysans migrants puis la Société agro-industrielle de la Bénoué (SAIB), installée en 2000 à un point névralgique pour la réalisation de son projet rizicole et fruitier, devaient valoriser l’aval du barrage hydroélectrique. En conséquence, cette installation a fait déguerpir 36 % des paysans dans ce périmètre irrigué. Cette occupation du site des paysans par la société a réveillé une série de conflits fonciers entre différents acteurs (paysan, SAIB, élites, lamido, nouvelle génération) qui ont été longtemps négligés par l’État. Cette insécurité foncière a bloqué les activités agricoles de la SAIB et provoque l’abandon de ces équipements et du matériel végétal dans la brousse. Ce conflit non solutionné par l’autorité administrative amplifie l’alliance entre l’administration de l’État et les chefferies traditionnelles, ce qui a pour conséquence un repli sur l’appartenance ethnique et le désintéressement de la population dans le projet de développement agricole, dont le risque est l’asphyxie de la région.
Enjeux et conséquences de la réglementation sur le bois-énergie au Tchad
Authors: Mugelé Ronan
Published: December 2013

Au Tchad, la préoccupation environnementale, relativement récente, prend en 2008 une ampleur nouvelle avec l’intervention de l’État en faveur de la lutte contre la désertification. L’interdiction de la coupe des arbres et de la production de charbon de bois semble répondre à un double objectif : réaffirmer l’autorité du pouvoir central au lendemain d’une profonde crise politico-militaire et capter de nouvelles rentes environnementales mondialisées. Le cas des rives méridionales du lac Tchad révèle les transformations locales des rapports de pouvoir et des pratiques liées à l’exploitation du bois-énergie. L’emprise inégale du contrôle territorial exercé par les services forestiers en limite toutefois la portée.
L’agir collectif des encadrantes de la petite enfance dans les structures d’accueil
Authors: Gautier-Chovelon Christine
Published: December 2013

Les textes officiels encouragent les institutions de la petite enfance à être des lieux de rencontre, de participation et d’échange, en devenant des accueils éducatifs. Pour y répondre, le travail collectif est institutionnalisé. Dans leur quotidien, les directrices sont confrontées à des difficultés de gestion de ce collectif et de mise en visibilité de leurs activités. Cependant, en situation, les professionnelles font preuve de créativité en participant à la recréation de collectifs. Cette étude exploratoire, effectuée auprès de trente-quatre directrices de crèche et de six responsables d’un service petite enfance, s’intéresse à la façon dont se rencontrent et fusionnement concrètement dans toute la petite enfance l’individuel et le collectif. Elle permet de se pencher sur l’activité réelle des directrices de crèche telle qu’elle a pu être décrite dans leurs interactions quotidiennes avec la hiérarchie, les collègues, les partenaires et les parents lors des activités festives. La mise en visibilité de cette dynamique vient questionner sa reconnaissance et la production de nouveaux rapports sociaux moins discriminants.
Insertion professionnelle, socialisation des jeunes français « sans qualification » et formation par alternance
Authors: Duchène Maéva , Poplimont Christine
Published: December 2013

Dans quelle mesure la formation par alternance en général et les initiatives locales d’« insertion par l’activité économique » en particulier peuvent-elles répondre efficacement aux problématiques soulevées par la double logique d’insertion des jeunes sans qualification ? Si, dans les années 1970, la question était de les aider à trouver un emploi, très vite, en 2012, les politiques publiques ont dû prendre en compte la nécessité de répondre à un deuxième impératif d’insertion : une insertion sociale ou socialisation, comme condition préalable à l’insertion professionnelle. Au-delà de l’absence de diplôme, les jeunes sans qualification présentent en effet plusieurs facteurs de marginalisation sociale qui les maintiennent hors de la sphère professionnelle. Notre étude du modèle d’« insertion par l’activité économique » nous permet de rendre compte de la pertinence de ce mode d’insertion pour les publics désavantagés, mais également de souligner les conditions indispensables à sa mise en œuvre.
Initier un pair à une nouvelle pratique professionnelle
Authors: Mahlaoui Samira
Published: December 2013

L’article s’intéresse à une expérience originale de transmission impliquant des formateurs de l’enseignement agricole en situation d’initiation vis-à-vis de pairs pour leur faire acquérir et mettre en œuvre un nouveau savoir-faire en matière de formalisation de leurs pratiques pédagogiques. Cette formalisation prend la forme de scénarios d’apprentissage réalisés dans le cadre d’un dispositif informatisé d’échange et de mutualisation appelé Ersce — Échange national de ressources scénarisées pour le développement local des Formations ouvertes et à distance. Il s’agit également de proposer à l’ensemble des formateurs du domaine un support de connaissances sur leurs activités pédagogiques. Le cadre méthodologique des auto-confrontations (Clot et Faïta, 2000) auquel nous recourons permet en définitive une meilleure compréhension de la transmission du « savoir-formaliser » en jeu, ainsi que le développement potentiel de cette dernière aux niveaux individuel et collectif.
La gestion intégrée des zones côtières et le droit de l’urbanisme littoral en France
Authors: Braud Xavier
Published: December 2013

Gestion intégrée des zones côtières et droit de l’urbanisme littoral peuvent être rapprochés en raison de la grande proximité de leur objet. Mais seul le second constitue un outil juridique et les deux ont donc une nature fort différente. La GIZC n’a pas, à la différence du droit de l’urbanisme littoral, une vocation normative. Ce n’est que depuis quelques années que l’on en retrouve la trace, accidentellement, dans des textes juridiques, comme un objectif, une référence, mais non porteur de règles juridiques de fond. De sorte qu’aujourd’hui la mise en œuvre de politiques publiques inspirées par la GIZC ne peut que rester encadrée par le droit de l’urbanisme littoral. Cette mise en œuvre nécessite l’intervention de décisions administratives susceptibles de faire l’objet d’un contrôle de conformité au regard des normes du droit de l’urbanisme littoral. Celles-ci, il faut le relever, peuvent être considérées comme s’inscrivant dans une logique de GIZC avant la lettre, intégrant notamment les préoccupations de protection et de développement des activités économiques liées au littoral. Dès lors, on peut se demander si la GIZC est si novatrice que l’on veut bien généralement l’affirmer. N’aurait-elle pas acquis au fil de son assimilation par les discours administratifs et politiques une autre finalité ? D’une logique scientifique gestionnaire, elle tend à devenir une politique publique qui pourrait à terme imposer d’importantes modifications au droit de l’urbanisme littoral dans le sens d’un affaiblissement important et d’une dilution considérable des préoccupations de protection du littoral.
Gestion intégrée des zones côtières et décentralisation
Authors: Doat Mathieu
Published: December 2013

Penser l’articulation de la GIZC et de la décentralisation pose de nombreux problèmes. La gestion du littoral par sa nature « intégrée » déborde largement le territoire local qui apparaît trop étroit. Plus largement, la logique de la GIZC (planification, participation, subsidiarité) heurte les principes même de la décentralisation. Toutefois, et à l’inverse au regard des expériences concrètes, les territoires locaux apparaissent les mieux adaptés pour une mise en œuvre effective d’une gestion durable et responsable du littoral.
Entre écosystèmes et territoires : quelle planification pour les espaces relevant de la GIZC ?
Authors: Drobenko Bernard
Published: December 2013

les planifications développées dans les zones côtières révèlent une réelle complexité, tant au regard de leurs domaines que de leurs périmètres d’intervention. De plus ces planifications font apparaître une démarche intégrée très variable et des opposabilités différenciées. Alors que la politique maritime intégrée privilégie les aspects économiques, il s’agit de rechercher les conditions permettant de dépasser ces ambivalences et de poser les conditions d’une clarification du cadre juridique. L’objectif est d’identifier le devenir pour les planifications en zone côtières, avec une réelle intégration pour la protection de l’environnement. Une meilleure efficacité reposant sur une évaluation et des indicateurs partagés, pour tendre vers une GIZC efficace.
La GIZC et le développement touristique : enjeux d’un principe organisateur pour la durabilité des stations littorales atlantiques
Authors: Rimaud Marie-Noëlle , Piriou Jérôme
Published: December 2013

Conscients de l’importance de l’activité touristique en zone littorale, des conflits d’usage, de la dégradation de l’environnement côtier et du nombre assez réduit de publications traitant du regard des acteurs touristiques vis-à-vis de la Gestion intégrée des zones côtières (GIZC), nous avons souhaité réaliser une étude exploratoire sur le sujet. Notre territoire d’étude porte sur le littoral atlantique un espace géographique cohérent, du fait des caractéristiques assez proches des régions étudiées. Nous avons interrogées quatre stations littorales et des acteurs locaux considérés comme représentatifs, car directement engagés dans la mise en œuvre de la GIZC. Aussi nous verrons dans cet article que l’attrait toujours croissant du littoral crée des situations de concentration voire « d’hyper fréquentation ». Pourtant, certains territoires se démarquent en appliquant une « dimension intégrée » d’aménagement et d’accueil touristique qui leur permet de gérer cette pression excessive. On peut mentionner : la gestion des pratiques au cœur d’espaces de coprésence au moyen d’arrêtés municipaux, mais également les sensibilisations à l’environnement inscrites dans un temps long, sans oublier la mise en place de nouveaux équipements de loisirs et de nouveaux services. On remarquera également que l’ensemble des acteurs interrogés est conscient de la nécessité d’une action plus importante à destination des touristes et met en place des dispositifs dans ce sens. Il apparait donc que les stations littorales atlantiques étudiées s’impliquent, mais que les parties prenantes en particulier les acteurs touristiques peinent à s’approprier une notion peut-être trop conceptuelle.
Vers la « Blue Society »
Authors: Vallette Philippe
Published: December 2013

La Blue Society vise à pourvoir aux besoins présents et futurs de la société dans un esprit de croissance « positive » en s’appuyant sur l’immense potentiel que nous offre l’océan mondial. Elle est basée sur l’utilisation responsable des ressources marines, ainsi que le développement de technologies innovantes et de nouveaux produits générateurs d’emplois et de ressources économiques. Grâce aux échanges de savoir-faire, au partage des connaissances et à l’appropriation de cette vision par les scientifiques, les entreprises, les décideurs politiques et les citoyens, des solutions positives et des expériences innovantes pourront émerger et participer à la création d’une société plus durable et plus équitable.
Les instruments de convergence régionale de la stratégie de Gestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières
Authors: Morvan Didier Le
Published: December 2013

Le Rapport d’évaluation réalisé en 2006 pour la Commission européenne recommandait de « renforcer la dimension européenne de la Gestion intégrée des zones côtières (GIZC) en s’appuyant sur une approche par mers régionales ». Comment, dès lors, faire adhérer l’ensemble des États riverains d’une mer régionale à une même stratégie, en l’occurrence celle de la GIZC ? Comment promouvoir cette convergence stratégique régionale ? Dans quels cadres et avec quels instruments ?Après avoir identifié les vecteurs d’une certaine convergence planétaire et de la coopération intergouvernementale appliquée aux mers régionales, l’article met en évidence l’approche « mers régionales » de l’Union européenne à travers les instruments de sa politique maritime intégrée et de sa politique externe.
GIZC et élévation du niveau marin : vers une gestion innovante des littoraux vulnérables
Authors: Lambert Marie-Laure
Published: December 2013

Le phénomène en cours d’élévation du niveau de la mer oblige aujourd’hui les gestionnaires des espaces littoraux, urbains ou naturels, à faire face à des enjeux renouvelés. La gestion des risques littoraux doit donc désormais s’articuler avec le droit positif, jusqu’ici tourné vers la recherche d’un délicat équilibre entre urbanisation galopante et protection des milieux littoraux demeurant à l’état naturel. Il est intéressant de noter que le protocole de Madrid, source juridique de la Gestion intégrée des zones côtières, avait dés 2008 clairement identifié les principes qui doivent guider une gestion durable et partagée du trait de côte : une prise en compte à long terme de l’élévation du niveau de la mer, l’anticipation de ces phénomènes et la mise en place de processus de concertation et de gouvernance élargies. Mais l’expérience de la tempête Xynthia en France oblige aujourd’hui, parallèlement au renforcement des outils juridiques essentiels comme la loi littoral, à imaginer des dispositifs nouveaux et complémentaires qui permettraient d’identifier un nouveau « domaine public littoral » à partir des zones qui seront progressivement submergées, de repenser cette frange littorale comme un espace-tampon protégeant les zones urbaines arrières, et de développer des méthodes de « recul stratégique » ou de « relocalisation des biens et activités » à la fois originales, moins douloureuses et plus équitables.
HTLV-1 bZIP Factor–Specific CD4 T Cell Responses in Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Patients after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Narita Tomoko , Ishida Takashi , Masaki Ayako , Suzuki Susumu , Ito Asahi , Mori Fumiko , Yamada Tomiko , Ri Masaki , Kusumoto Shigeru , Komatsu Hirokazu , Miyazaki Yasuhiko , Takatsuka Yoshifusa , Utsunomiya Atae , Niimi Akio , Iida Shinsuke , Ueda Ryuzo
Published: December 2013

We document human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) bZIP factor (HBZ)-specific CD4 T cell responses in an adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) patient after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) and identified a novel HLA-DRB1*15:01–restricted HBZ-derived naturally presented minimum epitope sequence, RRRAEKKAADVA (HBZ114–125). This peptide was also presented on HLA-DRB1*15:02, recognized by CD4 T cells. Notably, HBZ-specific CD4 T cell responses were only observed in ATL patients after allogeneic HCT (4 of 9 patients) and not in nontransplanted ATL patients (0 of 10 patients) or in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (0 of 10 carriers). In addition, in one acute-type patient, HBZ-specific CD4 T cell responses were absent in complete remission before HCT, but they became detectable after allogeneic HCT. We surmise that HTLV-1 transmission from mothers to infants through breast milk in early life induces tolerance to HBZ and results in insufficient HBZ-specific T cell responses in HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers or ATL patients. In contrast, after allogeneic HCT, the reconstituted immune system from donor-derived cells can recognize virus protein HBZ as foreign, and HBZ-specific immune responses are provoked that contribute to the graft-versus-HTLV-1 effect.
Species diversity and composition of fungal communities in a Scots pine forest affected by the great cormorant colony
Authors: Kutorga Ernestas , Iršėnaitė Reda , Iznova Tatjana , Kasparavičius Jonas , Markovskaja Svetlana , Motiejūnaitė Jurga
Published: December 2013

A Scots pine forest, affected by the great cormorant colony, was studied by plot-based fungal survey method during the years 2010-2012 in Lithuania. Diversity and composition of fungal communities were investigated at five zones that had been influenced by different stages of breeding colony establishment: starting-point and almost abandoned cormorant colony part (zones A and B), active part (zones C and D), and the edge of the colony (zone E). The control zone G in undamaged by cormorants pine stand was assessed too. A total of 257 fungal species of ascomycetes including anamorphic fungi, basidiomycetes and zygomycetes were recorded. Seven species were registered for the first time in Lithuania. Species richness in the examined zones varied, lowest being in zones B (51 species), C (46) and D (73) and almost twice as high in the zones A and E (129 and 120, respectively). The comparison of fungal species compositions of different zones showed that their similarity was rather low (SS: 0.22–0.59). The most obvious changes in the trophic structure of fungal communities in the territory occupied by the bird colony were a strong decrease of mycorrhizal species, the presence of coprophilous fungi on forest litter, and the appearance of host-specialized fungi on alien and non-forest plants that have established in the disturbed forest.
Diversity of fungi colonizing and damaging leaves of pontic azalea Azalea pontica
Authors: Kowalik Maria
Published: December 2013

The research aimed at verifi cation of fungi species colonizing phyllosphere of pontic azalea Azalea pontica L. and at comparison of the fungi species composition: – in the natural stand in the Kołacznia nature reserve, – in arboretum collections at Bolestraszyce and Rogów. 600 fragments of healthy, infected and fallen leaves of pontic azalea were collected for mycological analyses. The species forming the largest number of colonies identified from the healthy leaves were: A. alternata, Ph. cyclaminis, E. nigrum, Ph. medicaginis and B. cinerea, from infected leaves: A. alternata, E. nigrum, Ph. cyclaminis, S. fi micola, T. viride and A. phaeospermum, whereas: E. nigrum, A. alternata, S. fi micola, Ph. cyclaminis and B. cinerea were isolated from the fallen leaves, which indicates that a majority of fungi persistently colonize the leaves during vegetation period and damage them, which leads to defoliation. Colonization of pontic azalea phyllosphere in arboreta by more numerous fungi colonies and species than under conditions of natural sites evidences their increased pressure in the arboreta environment.
Mycobiota of rape seeds in Romania. I. Identification of mycobiota associated with rape seeds from different areas of Romania
Authors: Şesan Tatiana-Eugenia , Groza Octavian
Published: December 2013

The spectrum of fungal diversity associated with rape seeds belonging to 33 cultivars (Alaska, Astrada, Astrid, Atlantic, Betty, Champlein, Chayenne, Dexter, Digger, Elvis, Eurowest, Finesse, Herkules, Hydromel, Hydromel-MA, Ladoga, anitoba, Masa Rom, Milena, Mohican, Montego, Nectar, Ontario, Orkan, Perla (4 lots), Remy, Robust, Rodeo, Saphir, Tiger, Tiger CBC Lot ROM06-121-110, Triangle, Valesca, Vectra) and 2 hybrids (H-90-20-83, H-90-21-83) has been established by samples’ macroscopical and microscopical analizying, during 2006-2008, for the first time in Romania. The Ulster method on malt-agar and PDA culture media has been used, evaluating the percentage of fungal taxons present on/in rape seeds. The most important pathogenic fungi identified were: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, Botrytis cinerea Pers., Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc., A. brassicicola (Schwein.) Wiltshire and Fusarium spp. Also, a large quantities of some saprophytic fungi, as Alternaria, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus have been recorded. These ones have been affected the health condition of rape seeds, suppressing their germination and other vital phenomena. Among potential antagonistic fungi the following genera have been isolated: Chaetomium (0-4%), Trichoderma (0-10%), Aspergillus (0-14%), Penicillium (0-100%). Some correlations and comparisons have been established between fungal diversity, their provenience, cultivars, culture media (Malt-Agar/MA, Potato-Dextrose-Agar/PDA) used. It has been evaluated the behaviour of rape cultivars and hybrids towards the main rape seed pathogens.
The occurrence of Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus apothecia in the leaf litter of Fraxinus excelsior stands with ash dieback symptoms in southern Poland
Authors: Kowalski Tadeusz , Białobrzeski Maciej , Ostafińska Agnieszka
Published: December 2013

The paper presents the results of a study performed in 28 ash stands located in Myśleniece and Dynów Forest Districts in southern Poland. The intensity of Fraxinus excelsior disease process was estimated based on the disease symptoms analysis of 1400 trees. The amount of infectious material of Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus (anamorph Chalara fraxinea) was estimated by the leaf litter examination on 166 square (0.5 × 0.5 m) plots. The total number of ash leaf rachises and apothecia were counted. The analysis shows that the estimated number of H. pseudoalbidus apothecia may reach from 370 thousand to over 13 million per hectare at a time.
Engaging Reading
Authors: Morrissey Clair , Palghat Kelsey ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2013

This paper describes a novel approach to teaching introductory-level students how to engage with philosophical texts, developed in the context of a philosophy of art course. We aimed to enhance students’ motivation to read philosophy well by cultivating habits of active reading. To this end we created a structured set of three assignments: (1) instructor created digitally annotated reading assignments, (2) a student digital annotation assignment, and (3) required student participation in a collective GoogleDoc “repository of artworks, examples, ideas, and questions.” Student feedback suggests that this set of teaching tools enhanced their sense of agency in approaching philosophical texts.
Seafloor photo‐geology and sonar terrain modeling at the 9°N overlapping spreading center, East Pacific Rise
Authors: Klein Emily M. , White Scott M. , Nunnery James Andrew , Mason‐Stack Jessica L. , Wanless V. Dorsey , Perfit Michael R. , Waters Christopher L. , Sims Kenneth W. W. , Fornari Daniel J. , Zaino Anne J. , Ridley W. Ian
Published: December 2013

A fundamental goal in the study of mid‐ocean ridges is to understand the relationship between the distribution of melt at depth and seafloor features. Building on geophysical information on subsurface melt at the 9°N overlapping spreading center on the East Pacific Rise, we use terrain modeling (DSL‐120A side scan and bathymetry), photo‐geology (Jason II and WHOI TowCam), and geochemical data to explore this relationship. Terrain modeling identified four distinct geomorphic provinces with common seafloor characteristics that correspond well to changes in subsurface melt distribution. Visual observations were used to interpret terrain modeling results and to establish a relative seafloor age scale, calibrated with radiometric age dates, to identify areas of recent volcanism. On the east limb, recent eruptions in the north are localized over the margins of the 4 km wide asymmetric melt sill, forming a prominent off‐axis pillow ridge. Along the southern east limb, recent eruptions occur along a neovolcanic ridge that hugs the overlap basin and lies several kilometers west of the plunging melt sill. Our results suggest that long‐term southward migration of the east limb occurs through a series of diking events with a net southward propagation direction. Examining sites of recent eruptions in the context of geophysical data on melt distribution in the crust and upper mantle suggests melt may follow complex paths from depth to the surface. Overall, our findings emphasize the value of integrating information obtained from photo‐geology, terrain modeling, lava geochemistry and petrography, and geophysics to constrain the nature of melt delivery at mid‐ocean ridges.
Are North Atlantic multidecadal SST anomalies westward propagating?
Authors: Feng Qing Yi , Dijkstra Henk
Published: December 2013

The westward propagation of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is one of the main characteristics of one of the theories of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Here we use techniques from complex network modeling to investigate the existence of the westward propagation in the North Atlantic SST observations. We construct Climate Networks (CNs) by using a linear Pearson correlation measure (resulting in Pearson Correlation Climate Network (PCCNs)) and a (nonlinear) mutual information measure (resulting in Mutual Information Climate Network (MICNs)) of spatial correlations between SST variations. Analysis of the topological properties of both types of CNs shows that the MICNs are better in capturing the main features of propagating patterns from the noisy SST data than PCCNs and that westward propagation of multidecadal SST anomalies indeed seems to occur in the North Atlantic.
Diffusive vertical heat flux in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean inferred from moored instruments
Authors: Lique Camille , Guthrie John D. , Steele Michael , Proshutinsky Andrey , Morison James H. , Krishfield Richard
Published: December 2013

Observational studies have shown that an unprecedented warm anomaly has recently affected the temperature of the Atlantic Water (AW) layer lying at intermediate depth in the Arctic Ocean. Using observations from four profiling moorings, deployed in the interior of the Canada Basin between 2003 and 2011, the upward diffusive vertical heat flux from this layer is quantified. Vertical diffusivity is first estimated from a fine‐scale parameterization method based on CTD and velocity profiles. Resulting diffusive vertical heat fluxes from the AW are in the range 0.1–0.2 W m−2 on average. Although large over the period considered, the variations of the AW temperature maximum yields small variations for the temperature gradient and thus the vertical diffusive heat flux. In most areas, variations in upward diffusive vertical heat flux from the AW have only a limited effect on temperature variations of the overlying layer. However, the presence of eddies might be an effective mechanism to enhance vertical heat transfer, although the small number of eddies sampled by the moorings suggest that this mechanism remains limited and intermittent in space and time. Finally, our results suggest that computing diffusive vertical heat flux with a constant vertical diffusivity of ∼2 × 10−6 m2 s−1 provides a reasonable estimate of the upward diffusive heat transfer from the AW layer, although this approximation breaks down in the presence of eddies.
A lagged response to the 11 year solar cycle in observed winter Atlantic/European weather patterns
Authors: Gray Lesley J. , Scaife Adam A. , Mitchell Daniel M. , Osprey Scott , Ineson Sarah , Hardiman Steven , Butchart Neal , Knight Jeff , Sutton Rowan , Kodera Kunihiko
Published: December 2013

The surface response to 11 year solar cycle variations is investigated by analyzing the long‐term mean sea level pressure and sea surface temperature observations for the period 1870–2010. The analysis reveals a statistically significant 11 year solar signal over Europe, and the North Atlantic provided that the data are lagged by a few years. The delayed signal resembles the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) following a solar maximum. The corresponding sea surface temperature response is consistent with this. A similar analysis is performed on long‐term climate simulations from a coupled ocean‐atmosphere version of the Hadley Centre model that has an extended upper lid so that influences of solar variability via the stratosphere are well resolved. The model reproduces the positive NAO signal over the Atlantic/European sector, but the lag of the surface response is not well reproduced. Possible mechanisms for the lagged nature of the observed response are discussed.
A simple framework to estimate distributed soil temperature from discrete air temperature measurements in data‐scarce regions
Authors: Liang L. L. , Riveros‐Iregui D. A. , Emanuel R. E. , McGlynn B. L.
Published: December 2013

Soil temperature is a key control on belowground chemical and biological processes. Typically, models of soil temperature are developed and validated for large geographic regions. However, modeling frameworks intended for higher spatial resolutions (much finer than 1 km2) are lacking across areas of complex topography. Here we propose a simple modeling framework for predicting distributed soil temperature at high temporal (i.e., 1 h steps) and spatial (i.e., 5 × 5 m) resolutions in mountainous terrain, based on a few discrete air temperature measurements. In this context, two steps were necessary to estimate the soil temperature. First, we applied the potential temperature equation to generate the air temperature distribution from a 5 m digital elevation model and Inverse Distance Weighting interpolation. Second, we applied a hybrid model to estimate the distribution of soil temperature based on the generated air temperature surfaces. Our results show that this approach simulated the spatial distribution of soil temperature well, with a root‐mean‐square error ranging from ~2.1 to 2.9°C. Furthermore, our approach predicted the daily and monthly variability of soil temperature well. The proposed framework can be applied to estimate the spatial variability of soil temperature in mountainous regions where direct observations are scarce.
Joint analysis of cloud top heights from CloudSat and CALIPSO: New insights into cloud top microphysics
Authors: Hagihara Yuichiro , Okamoto Hajime , Luo Zhengzhao Johnny
Published: December 2013

We examined the differences in the cloud top heights (CTHs) detected by the CloudSat radar and Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) lidar. Theoretical estimates have shown that CloudSat has higher sensitivity than CALIPSO does when large particles exist. In such case it might be possible that CloudSat‐determined CTHs are larger than CALIPSO‐determined CTHs. We compared the global distribution of CTHs detected by CloudSat and CALIPSO (version 3, V3) using our cloud mask schemes after carefully selecting data during September–November 2006. The global mean fraction of clouds where CloudSat‐determined CTHs were larger than CALIPSO‐determined CTHs turned out to be unexpectedly large. The fractions were 26% and 39% at low level and midlevel, and the corresponding CTH differences were 0.56 km and 0.86 km, respectively. On the western coasts of continents, these clouds occurred within temperature inversions. Accounting for the differences in sensitivity to particle size between CloudSat and CALIPSO, the existence of such clouds indicates that the cloud tops consist of large particles with small number concentration. The discovery of such clouds was revealed by our joint analysis of CloudSat and CALIPSO. When the standard vertical feature mask (VFM) V3 was used, these clouds were also found but the fractions were less pronounced. The differences were partly attributed to the overestimation of cloud fraction in the VFM V3, although the degree of misidentification in V3 was reduced compared with that of V2.
A practical scheme of the sigma‐point Kalman filter for high‐dimensional systems
Authors: Tang Youmin , Deng Ziwang , Manoj K. K. , Chen Dake
Published: December 2013

While applying a sigma‐point Kalman filter (SPKF) to a high‐dimensional system such as the oceanic general circulation model (OGCM), a major challenge is to reduce its heavy burden of storage memory and costly computation. In this study, we propose a new scheme for SPKF to address these issues. First, a reduced rank SPKF was introduced on the high‐dimensional model state space using the truncated single value decomposition (TSVD) method (T‐SPKF). Second, the relationship of SVDs between the model state space and a low‐dimensional ensemble space is used to construct sigma points on the ensemble space (ET‐SPKF). As such, this new scheme greatly reduces the demand of memory storage and computational cost and makes the SPKF method applicable to high‐dimensional systems. Two numerical models are used to test and validate the ET‐SPKF algorithm. The first model is the 40‐variable Lorenz model, which has been a test bed of new assimilation algorithms. The second model is a realistic OGCM for the assimilation of actual observations, including Argo and in situ observations over the Pacific Ocean. The experiments show that ET‐SPKF is computationally feasible for high‐dimensional systems and capable of precise analyses. In particular, for realistic oceanic assimilations, the ET‐SPKF algorithm can significantly improve oceanic analysis and improve ENSO prediction. A comparison between the ET‐SPKF algorithm and EnKF (ensemble Kalman filter) is also tribally conducted using the OGCM and actual observations.
Microneedle‐Based Transdermal Sensor for On‐Chip Potentiometric Determination of K+
Authors: Miller Philip R. , Xiao Xiaoyin , Brener Igal , Burckel D. Bruce , Narayan Roger , Polsky Ronen
Published: December 2013

The determination of electrolytes is invaluable for point of care diagnostic applications. An ion selective transdermal microneedle sensor is demonstrated for potassium by integrating a hollow microneedle with a microfluidic chip to extract fluid through a channel towards a downstream solid‐state ion‐selective‐electrode (ISE). 3D porous carbon and 3D porous graphene electrodes, made via interference lithography, are compared as solid‐state transducers for ISE's and evaluated for electrochemical performance, stability, and selectivity. The porous carbon K+ ISE's show better performance than the porous graphene K+ ISE's, capable of measuring potassium across normal physiological concentrations in the presence of interfering ions with greater stability. This new microfluidic/microneedle platform shows promise for medical applications.
Long Jumps of an Organic Molecule Induced by Atomic Force Microscopy Manipulation
Authors: Langewisch Gernot , Falter Jens , Schirmeisen André , Fuchs Harald
Published: December 2013

Non‐contact atomic force microscopy at cryogenic temperatures is used for the controlled lateral manipulation of individual 3,4,9,10‐perylene‐tetracarboxylicacid‐dianhydride (PTCDA) molecules on the Ag(111) surface. The molecules are moved along the [‐110] direction of the Ag lattice in the regime of repulsive tip‐molecule forces performing discrete jumps that span distances from single to multiple lattice spacings. The analysis of the two‐dimensional force field measured before and during the manipulation reveals that the displacement beyond nearest neighbor sites cannot be explained by long range tip‐molecule forces but instead has to involve an energy transfer to translational modes of the molecule. Combined with the results of the simultaneous measurement of the energy dissipation, these findings allow to identify a likely manipulation mechanism and provide insight into the process of energy transfer between excited large molecules and metal surfaces. Furthermore, implications for the theoretical treatment of NC‐AFM based molecule manipulation are discussed.
Nanoparticles Interacting with Proteins and Cells: A Systematic Study of Protein Surface Charge Effects
Authors: Shang Li , Yang Linxiao , Seiter Jürgen , Heinle Marita , Brenner‐Weiss Gerald , Gerthsen Dagmar , Nienhaus G. Ulrich
Published: December 2013

Despite intense research on biological and biomedical applications of nanoparticles, our understanding of their basic interactions with the biological environment is still incomplete. Systematic variation of the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles is widely seen as a promising strategy to obtain further insights. In view of the key role of the protein adsorption layer forming on nanoparticles in contact with biofluids, we systematically varied the surface charge of proteins adsorbing onto nanoparticles by chemical modification so as to examine the effect of Coulomb forces in modulating nano‐bio interactions. We chose human serum albumin (HSA) as a model protein and ultra‐small, negatively charged fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) as model nanoparticles. By using fluorescence and CD spectroscopies, we measured binding affinities and structural changes upon binding of the HSA variants. The strengths of the protein‐nanoparticle interactions were found to change substantially upon modifying the surface charge of HSA. Furthermore, by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy and cell viability assays, we observed that cellular interactions of the AuNCs, including their adherence to cell membranes, uptake efficiency and cytotoxicity, depended markedly on the different surface charges of the HSA variants adsorbed onto the nanoparticles. These results illustrate vividly that the cellular responses to nanoparticle exposure depend on the specific properties of the proteins that adsorb onto nanoparticles from biofluids.
Crystal Structure and Luminescence Properties of Ca8Mg3Al2Si7O28:Eu2+ for WLEDs
Authors: Lv Wenzhen , Jia Yongchao , Zhao Qi , Jiao Mengmeng , Shao Baiqi , Lü Wei , You Hongpeng
Published: December 2013

In this paper, a novel green phosphor Ca8Mg3Al2Si7O28:Eu2+ is synthesized via a conventional high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. The crystal structure of the phosphor is confirmed from the Rietveld method. The obtained phosphor has a wide absorption band from the UV to the visible spectral region, ranging from 230 to 450 nm, which fits well with the characteristic emission of UV light‐emitting diode (LED) chips. Upon excitation at 420 nm, the phosphor shows a bright and broad green color emission band with a maximum centered at 535 nm, which is attributed to the parity and spin allowed 5d–4f transition. The longer emission wavelength is caused by both the d orbital preferential orientation and the lowered symmetry of the Eu2+ ions caused by the discrepancy of the tetrahedrons composed of MgO4, SiO4, and AlO4. Additionally, the energy transfer mechanism among Eu2+ ions is demonstrated via a dipole–dipole interaction by the luminescence spectra and the fluorescence decay analysis calculations on the basis of the Inokuti–Hirayama model. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the phosphor is investigated in detail. These results suggest that the Ca8Mg3Al2Si7O28:Eu2+ phosphor has great potential to be a green phosphor for white light emitting diodes (WLEDs).
An Analytic Model for the Dielectric Function of Au, Ag, and their Alloys
Authors: Rioux David , Vallières Simon , Besner Sébastien , Muñoz Philip , Mazur Eric , Meunier Michel
Published: December 2013

An analytical model for the prediction of the dielectric properties of gold–silver alloys is developed. This multi‐parametric model is a modification of the usual Drude–Lorentz model that takes into account the band structure of the metals. It is fitted by a genetic algorithm to the dielectric function of thin alloy films of different gold–silver ratio obtained by ellipsometry. The model is validated for arbitrary alloy compositions by comparing the experimental extinction spectra of alloy nanoparticles with the spectra predicted by Mie theory.
Correlation Between Atomic Structure and Electrochemical Performance of Anodes Made from Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber Films
Authors: Zhang Biao , Yu Yang , Xu Zheng‐Long , Abouali Sara , Akbari Mohammad , He Yan‐Bing , Kang Feiyu , Kim Jang‐Kyo
Published: December 2013

A systematic study is made of the effect of the nitrogen species on the performance of Li‐ion storage and the capacities of carbon‐based anodes in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Electrospun carbon nanofiber (CNF) films are fabricated for use as binder‐free electrodes using a polyacrylonitrile precursor. When the CNF films are subjected to carbonization, transformation occurs from an amorphous to a graphitic structure with associated reduction of nitrogen‐containing functional groups. The structural change strongly affects where the Li ions are stored in the CNF electrodes. It is revealed that Li ions can be stored not only between the graphene layers, but also at the defect sites created by nitrogen functionalization. The latter is mainly responsible for the widely reported improved electrochemical performance of LIBs due to N‐doping of carbon materials. An optimized carbonization temperature of 550 °C is identified, which gives rise to a sufficiently high nitrogen content and thus a high capacity of the electrode.
Azacitidine in untreated acute myeloid leukemia: A report on 149 patients
Authors: Thépot Sylvain , Itzykson Raphael , Seegers Valerie , Recher Christian , Raffoux Emmanuel , Quesnel Bruno , Delaunay Jacques , Cluzeau Thomas , Marfaing Koka Anne , Stamatoullas Aspasia , Chaury Marie‐Pierre , Dartigeas Caroline , Cheze Stéphane , Banos Anne , Morel Pierre , Plantier Isabelle , Taksin Anne‐Laure , Marolleau Jean Pierre , Pautas Cecile , Thomas Xavier , Isnard Francoise , Beve Blandine , Chait Yasmine , Guerci Agnes , Vey Norbert , Dreyfus Francois , Ades Lionel , Ifrah Norbert , Dombret Herve , Fenaux Pierre , Gardin Claude ,   On behalf of the Groupe Francophone des Myélodysplasies (GFM), the Acute Leukemia French Association (ALFA); the Groupe Ouest‐Est des Leucémies Aiguës; Maladies du Sang (GOELAMS)
Published: December 2013

Limited data are available on azacitidine (AZA) treatment and its prognostic factors in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). One hundred and forty‐nine previously untreated AML patients considered ineligible for intensive chemotherapy received AZA in a compassionate patient‐named program. AML diagnosis was de novo, post‐myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), post‐MPN, and therapy‐related AML in 51, 55, 13, and 30 patients, respectively. Median age was 74 years, median white blood cell count (WBC) was 3.2 × 109/L and 58% of the patients had ≥30% marrow blasts. Cytogenetics was adverse in 60 patients. Patients received AZA for a median of five cycles (range 1–31). Response rate (including complete remission/CR with incomplete recovery/partial remission) was 27.5% after a median of three cycles (initial response), and 33% at any time (best response). Only adverse cytogenetics predicted poorer response. Median overall survival (OS) was 9.4 months. Two‐year OS was 51% in responders and 10% in non‐responders (P<0.0001). Adverse cytogenetics, WBC >15 × 109/L and ECOG‐PS ≥2 predicted poorer OS, while age and marrow blast percentage had no impact. Using MDS IWG 2006 response criteria, among patients with stable disease, those with hematological improvement had no significant survival benefit in a 7 months landmark analysis. Outcomes observed in this high‐risk AML population treated with AZA deserve comparison with those of patients treated intensively in prospective studies. Am. J. Hematol. 89:410–416, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term follow‐up study for a patient with Floating–Harbor syndrome due to a hotspot SRCAP mutation
Authors: Nagasaki Keisuke , Asami Tadashi , Sato Hidetoshi , Ogawa Yohei , Kikuchi Toru , Saitoh Akihiko , Ogata Tsutomu , Fukami Maki
Published: December 2013

Floating–Harbor syndrome (FHS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by short stature, skeletal malformations, speech delay, and dysmorphic facial appearance. Recently, mutations in SRCAP encoding a coactivator for cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB)‐binding protein have been identified in small number of patients with FHS. Here, we report on long‐term follow‐up data of a male patient with a SRCAP mutation. The patient presented with mild hypothyroidism and renal hypouricemia, in addition to several FHS‐compatible features including growth impairment, cognitive disability, facial dysmorphisms, and hypertension. He showed delayed bone age from infancy to 9 years of age and markedly accelerated bone age with the formation of cone‐shaped epiphyses and early epiphysial fusions after the onset of puberty. His pubertal sexual development was almost age appropriate. Two‐year treatment with growth hormone (GH) did not significantly improve the growth velocity. Molecular analysis identified a de novo heterozygous nonsense mutation (p.R2444X) in the last exon of SRCAP, which has been most common mutation detected in patients from other ethnic groups. These results indicate that perturbed skeletal maturation from infancy through adolescence is a characteristic feature in patients with SRCAP mutations. Furthermore, our data imply that GH therapy exerted only a marginal effect on the growth of this patient, and that renal hypouricemia may be a novel complication of FHS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical characteristics in patients with interstitial deletions of chromosome region 12q21–q22 and identification of a critical region associated with keratosis pilaris
Authors: Al‐Maawali Almundher , Marshall Christian R. , Scherer Stephen W. , Dupuis Lucie , Mendoza‐Londono Roberto , Stavropoulos Dimitri J.
Published: December 2013

We report on a male patient with a submicroscopic 1.21 Mb de novo deletion at 12q21.33–q22 with global developmental delay, characteristic facial features, and keratosis pilaris. Thus far, five other cases with a 12q de novo deletion including this segment have been reported; our case represents the smallest de novo deletion within this chromosome region. High resolution SNP microarray analysis showed a deletion of RefSeq genes BTG1 and LOC256021, and partial deletion of DCN. We propose that BTG1 is a critical gene for the development of the distinctive keratosis pilaris observed in patients with interstitial deletion of 12q21–q22, and suggest candidate genes that may contribute to dysmorphic features and global developmental delay. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.