bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doppler resistive index to reflect regulation of renal vascular tone during sepsis and acute kidney injury
Authors: Dewitte Antoine , Coquin Julien , Meyssignac Bertrand , Joannès-Boyau Olivier , Fleureau Catherine , Roze Hadrien , Ripoche Jean , Janvier Gérard , Combe Christian , Ouattara Alexandre
Published: September 2012

Introduction

Renal resistive index (RI), determined by Doppler ultrasonography, directly reveals and quantifies modifications in renal vascular resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate if mean arterial pressure (MAP) is determinant of renal RI in septic, critically ill patients suffering or not from acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods

This prospective observational study included 96 patients. AKI was defined according to RIFLE criteria and transient or persistent AKI according to renal recovery within 3 days.

Results

Median renal RIs were 0.72 (0.68-0.75) in patients without AKI and 0.76 (0.72-0.80) in patients with AKI (P=0.001). RIs were 0.75 (0.72-0.79) in transient AKI and 0.77 (0.70-0.80) in persistent AKI (P=0.84). RI did not differ in patients given norepinephrine infusion and was not correlated with norepinephrine dose. RI was correlated with MAP (ρ= -0.47; P=0.002), PaO2/FiO2 ratio (ρ= -0.33; P=0.04) and age (ρ=0.35; P=0.015) only in patients without AKI.

Conclusions

A poor correlation between renal RI and MAP, age, or PaO2/FiO2 ratio was found in septic and critically ill patients without AKI compared to patients with AKI. These findings suggest that determinants of RI are multiple. Renal circulatory response to sepsis estimated by Doppler ultrasonography cannot reliably be predicted simply from changes in systemic hemodynamics. As many factors influence its value, the interest in a single RI measurement at ICU admission to determine optimal MAP remains uncertain.
Migration of Cells from Experimental Endometriosis to the Uterine Endometrium
Authors: Santamaria Xavier , Massasa Efi E. , Taylor Hugh S.
Published: September 2012

Endometriosis is the estrogen-dependent growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Endometriosis has an effect on the eutopic endometrium; however, the nature of the cellular or molecular signal from the lesion to the uterus is unknown. Here we demonstrate that cells migrate from endometriosis to eutopic endometrium. Experimental endometriosis was established by transplanting endometrial tissue from green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice to the peritoneal cavity of DS-Red mice. Immunofluorescence (IF) identified cells from the ectopic lesions in the uterus. The eutopic endometrial cells were sorted by fluorescence activated cell sorting, and the GFP+/DS-Red− population was characterized using microarray analysis. The results of cell sorting as well as the array results were confirmed by quantitative PCR and IF. GFP+/DS-red−/Cd45− cells were identified in the eutopic endometrium of mice with experimental endometriois (∼1.8%) and not in controls. Global gene expression profiling of these cells showed absence of leukocyte and increased expression of pan-epithelial markers in the uterine GFP+ cells. Moreover, GFP+ cells showed up-regulation of Wnt7A expression and 17 other genes associated with the Wingless pathway. Several genes that are associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition were also highly differentially expressed in GFP+ cells. IF confirmed the presence of the GFP+/CD45−/Wnt7a+/cytokeritin+ cells in the endometrium of endometriotic animals, and not in controls. Cells from endometriotic lesions are capable of migrating to the eutopic endometrium. The ectopic expression of Wnt7A suggests a possible mechanism by which ectopic lesions affect the eutopic endometrium and interfere with embryo implantation and fertility.
Doctors' age at domestic partnership and parenthood: cohort studies
Authors: Goldacre Michael J , Davidson Jean M , Lambert Trevor W
Published: September 2012

Objective

To report on doctors’ family formation.

Design

Cohort studies using structured questionnaires.

Setting

UK.

Participants

Doctors who qualified in 1988, 1993, 1996, 1999, 2000 and 2002 were followed up.

Main Outcome Measures

Living with spouse or partner; and doctors’ age when first child was born.

Results

The response to surveys including questions about domestic circumstances was 89.8% (20,717/23,077 doctors). The main outcomes – living with spouse or partner, and parenthood – varied according to age at qualification. Using the modal ages of 23–24 years at qualification, by the age of 24–25 (i.e. in their first year of medical work) a much smaller percentage of doctors than the general population was living with spouse or partner. By the age of 33, 75% of both women and men doctors were living with spouse or partner, compared with 68% of women and 61% of men aged 33 in the general population. By the age of 24–25, 2% of women doctors and 41% of women in the general population had a child; but women doctors caught up with the general population, in this respect, in their 30s. The specialty with the highest percentage of women doctors who, aged 35, had children was general practice (74%); the lowest was surgery (41%).

Conclusions

Doctors are more likely than other people to live with a spouse or partner, and to have children, albeit typically at later ages. Differences between specialties in rates of motherhood may indicate sacrifice by some women of family in favour of career.
Voluntary ingestion of nut paste for administration of buprenorphine in rats and mice
Authors: Abelson Klas S P , Jacobsen Kirsten R , Sundbom Renée , Kalliokoski Otto , Hau Jann
Published: September 2012

An adequate analgesic strategy is important to improve the postoperative recovery and welfare of laboratory rats and mice. It is desirable that the method for administering the drug is non-invasive and stress-free. We have previously validated a method for administering buprenorphine in a nut paste for voluntary ingestion. This method has many advantages over parenteral administration. To use the method in a successful way, however, it is important to prepare and administer the mix correctly. The present paper describes in detail how to implement the method, by means of habituation, presentation, adequate concentrations and amounts of buprenorphine/nut paste, and dosage of buprenorphine to rats and mice.
The Effect of Information Technology–Enabled Flexibility on Formation and Market Value of Alliances
Authors: Tafti Ali , Mithas Sunil , Krishnan M. S.
Published: September 2012

This study investigates the effect of information technology (IT) architecture flexibility on strategic alliance formation and firm value. We first examine the effect of three dimensions of IT architecture flexibility (open communication standards, cross-functional transparency, and modularity) on formation of three types of alliances (arm's-length, collaborative, and joint-venture alliances, respectively). Then, we examine how capabilities in IT flexibility can enhance the value derived from alliances. Our sample includes data from 169 firms that are publicly listed in the United States and that span multiple industries. We find that adoption of open communication standards is associated with the formation of arm's-length alliances, and modularity of IT architecture is associated with the formation of joint ventures. We also find that IT architecture flexibility enhances the value of arm's-length, collaborative, and joint-venture alliances. The contribution of IT flexibility to value is greater in the case of collaborative alliances than in arm's-length alliances. Taken together, these findings suggest that appropriate investments in IT can help to facilitate reconfiguration of resources and modification of processes in collaboration-intensive alliances.

This paper was accepted by Ramayya Krishnan, information systems.
ELF authentication and accommodation strategies in crosscultural immigration encounters
Authors: Guido, Maria Grazia
Published: September 2012

This article explores the cognitive and communicative strategies involved in the use of ELF in situations of unequal encounters between non-western supplicants (i.e., African immigrants and asylum seekers) and western immigration officials in authority (in this case, Italian mediators – i.e., experts mediating between immigrants and institutions). Evidence from the case studies indicates that each contact group uses ELF with reference to different linguacultural conventions associated with their use of English, as the interactants come from the ‘outer’ and the ‘expanding’ circles respectively (cf. Kachru 1986). In consequence, each party in the encounters tends naturally to transfer the structural features and the meaning conventions of their L1 into the English that they use, each appropriating and “authenticating” the language in accordance not with native speaker norms, but with those of their own L1. Since these norms are not shared, there is the need for accommodation for communication to be achieved, but unequal power distribution in these encounters is not favorable to such accommodation – which, instead, normally obtains in relatively “equal” encounters. The case studies show how the lack of recognition of these variable versions of English may have critical consequences in contexts involving political and ethical questions concerning human rights. It is contended that only a “mutual accommodation” of variable usage would safeguard the participants' social identities and foster successful communication in crosscultural immigration encounters.
Zebrin-Immunopositive and -Immunonegative Stripe Pairs Represent Functional Units in the Pigeon Vestibulocerebellum
Authors: Graham David J. , Wylie Douglas R.
Published: September 2012

The cerebellum is a site of complex sensorimotor integration and contains up to 80% of the neurons in the brain, yet comparatively little is known about the organization of sensorimotor systems within the cerebellum. It is known that afferent projections and Purkinje cell (PC) response properties are organized into sagittal “zones” in the cerebellum. Moreover, the isoenzyme aldolase C [also known as zebrin II (ZII)] is heterogeneously expressed in cerebellar PCs such that there are sagittal stripes of PCs with high expression (ZII+) interdigitated with stripes of little or no expression (ZII−). In the present study, we show how the ZII stripes in folium IXcd of the vestibulocerebellum in pigeons are related to response properties of PCs. IXcd consists of seven pairs of ZII+/− stripes denoted P1+/− (medial) to P7+/− (lateral). Electrophysiological studies have shown that vestibulocerebellar PCs respond to particular patterns of optic flow resulting from self-motion in three-dimensional space. In our study, we recorded optic flow preferences from PCs in IXcd, marked recording locations with injections of fluorescent tracer, and subsequently immunoreacted coronal sections for ZII. We found that the PCs within a ZII+/− stripe pair all responded best to the same pattern of optic flow. That is, a ZII+/− stripe pair forms a functional unit in the cerebellum. This is the first demonstration that the function of PCs is associated with ZII stripes across the mediolateral extent of an entire folium.
To Blink or Not to Blink: Fine Cognitive Tuning of the Defensive Peripersonal Space
Authors: Sambo C. F. , Forster B. , Williams S. C. , Iannetti G. D.
Published: September 2012

The blink reflex elicited by the electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist [hand blink reflex (HBR)] is a subcortical, defensive response that is enhanced when the stimulated hand is inside the peripersonal space of the face. Such enhancement results from a tonic, top-down modulation of the excitability of the brainstem interneurons mediating the HBR. Here we aim to (1) characterize the somatotopical specificity of this top-down modulation and investigate its dependence on (2) cognitive expectations and (3) the presence of objects protecting the face, in healthy humans. Experiment 1 showed that the somatotopical specificity of the HBR enhancement is partially homosegmental, i.e., it is greater for the HBR elicited by the stimulation of the hand near the face compared with the other hand, always kept far from the face. Experiment 2 showed that the HBR is enhanced only when participants expect to receive stimuli on the hand close to the face and is thus strongly dependent on cognitive expectations. Experiment 3 showed that the HBR enhancement by hand–face proximity is suppressed when a thin wooden screen is placed between the participants' face and their hand. Thus, the screen reduces the extension of the defensive peripersonal space, so that the hand is never inside the peripersonal space of the face, even in the “near” condition. Together, these findings indicate a fine somatotopical and cognitive tuning of the excitability of brainstem circuits subserving the HBR, whose strength is adjusted depending on the context in a purposeful manner.
Activation of Neuronal NMDA Receptors Induces Superoxide-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Neighboring Neurons and Astrocytes
Authors: Reyes Reno C. , Brennan Angela M. , Shen Yiguo , Baldwin Ylva , Swanson Raymond A.
Published: September 2012

Excitotoxic neuronal death is mediated in part by NMDA receptor-induced activation of NOX2, an enzyme that produces superoxide and resultant oxidative stress. It is not known, however, whether the superoxide is generated in the intracellular space, producing oxidative stress in the neurons responding to NMDA receptor activation, or in the extracellular space, producing oxidative stress in neighboring cells. We evaluated these alternatives by preparing cortical neuron cultures fromp47phox−/−mice, which are unable to form a functional NOX2 complex, and transfecting the cultures at low density with GFP-tagged p47phoxto reconstitute NOX2 activity in widely scattered neurons. NMDA exposure did not induce oxidative stress or cell death in the nontransfected,p47-phox−/−cultures, but did produce oxidative stress and neuronal death in neurons surrounding the transfected, NOX2-competent neurons. This cell-to-cell spread of NMDA-induced oxidative injury was blocked by coincubation with either superoxide dismutase or the anion channel blocker 4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulphonate, confirming superoxide anion as the mediating oxidant. In neurons plated on a preexisting astrocyte layer, NMDA induced oxidative stress in both the neurons and the astrocytes, and this was also prevented by superoxide dismutase. These findings show that activation of NMDA receptors on one neuron can lead to oxidative stress and cell death in neighboring neurons and astrocytes by a process involving the extracellular release of superoxide by NOX2.
Live Imaging of Targeted Cell Ablation inXenopus: A New Model to Study Demyelination and Repair
Authors: Kaya Ferdinand , Mannioui Abdelkrim , Chesneau Albert , Sekizar Sowmya , Maillard Emmanuelle , Ballagny Chantal , Houel-Renault Ludivine , DuPasquier David , Bronchain Odile , Holtzmann Isabelle , Desmazieres Anne , Thomas Jean-Léon , Demeneix Barbara A. , Brophy Peter J. , Zalc Bernard , Mazabraud Andre
Published: September 2012

Live imaging studies of the processes of demyelination and remyelination have so far been technically limited in mammals. We have thus generated aXenopus laevistransgenic line allowing live imaging and conditional ablation of myelinating oligodendrocytes throughout the CNS. In these transgenicpMBP-eGFP-NTRtadpoles the myelin basic protein (MBP) regulatory sequences, specific to mature oligodendrocytes, are used to drive expression of an eGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) reporter fused to theEscherichia colinitroreductase (NTR) selection enzyme. This enzyme converts the innocuous prodrug metronidazole (MTZ) to a cytotoxin. Using two-photon imagingin vivo, we show thatpMBP-eGFP-NTRtadpoles display a graded oligodendrocyte ablation in response to MTZ, which depends on the exposure time to MTZ. MTZ-induced cell death was restricted to oligodendrocytes, without detectable axonal damage. After cessation of MTZ treatment, remyelination proceeded spontaneously, but was strongly accelerated by retinoic acid. Altogether, these features establish theXenopus pMBP-eGFP-NTRline as a novelin vivomodel for the study of demyelination/remyelination processes and for large-scale screens of therapeutic agents promoting myelin repair.
Control over Stress, But Not Stress Per Se Increases Prefrontal Cortical Pyramidal Neuron Excitability
Authors: Varela Juan A. , Wang Jungang , Christianson John P. , Maier Steven F. , Cooper Donald C.
Published: September 2012

Behavioral control over a stressful event reduces the negative consequences of not only that event, but also future stressful events. Plasticity in the prelimbic (PL) medial prefrontal cortex is critical to this process, but the nature of the changes induced is unknown. We used patch-clamp recording to measure the intrinsic excitability of PL pyramidal neurons in acute slices from rats exposed to either escapable stress (ES), for which rats had behavioral control over tail-shock termination, or inescapable stress (IS) without control. Shortly after exposure (2 h) to tail-shock stress, neurons in the ES group had larger action potential (AP) amplitude and faster AP rise rate, larger postspike afterdepolarization, and reduced membrane time constant. No significant effects of IS were observed. We developed a conductance-based computer model using the simulation tool NEURON. The computer model simulated the observed changes in the ES group with increases in Na+conductance (gNa) and T-type Ca2+conductance (gCaT). The empirical and computational results indicate that behavioral control over stress, but not stress itself, increases PL pyramidal neuron excitability by increasing intrinsic membrane excitability. It is proposed that plasticity of excitability is important to the behavioral effects of controllable stressor exposure.
MeCP2 Phosphorylation Is Required for Modulating Synaptic Scaling through mGluR5
Authors: Zhong Xiaofen , Li Hongda , Chang Qiang
Published: September 2012

MeCP2 (methyl CpG binding protein 2) is a key player in recognizing methylated DNA and interpreting the epigenetic information encoded in different DNA methylation patterns. The functional significance of MeCP2 to the mammalian nervous system is highlighted by the discovery that mutations in theMECP2gene cause Rett syndrome (RTT), a devastating neurological disease that shares many features with autism. Synaptic scaling is a form of non-Hebbian homeostatic plasticity that allows neurons to regulate overall excitability in response to changes in network neuronal activity levels. While it is known that neuronal activity can induce phosphorylation of MeCP2 and that MeCP2 can regulate synaptic scaling, the molecular link between MeCP2 phosphorylation and synaptic scaling remains undefined. We show here that MeCP2 phosphorylation is specifically required for bicuculline-induced synaptic scaling down in mouse hippocampal neurons and this phenotype is mediated by mGluR5 (metabotropic glutamate receptor 5). Our results reveal an important function of MeCP2 in regulating neuronal homeostasis and may eventually help us understand howMECP2mutations cause RTT.
Dynamic Estimation of Task-Relevant Variance in Movement under Risk
Authors: Landy Michael S. , Trommershäuser Julia , Daw Nathaniel D.
Published: September 2012

Humans take into account their own movement variability as well as potential consequences of different movement outcomes in planning movement trajectories. When variability increases, planned movements are altered so as to optimize expected consequences of the movement. Past research has focused on the steady-state responses to changing conditions of movement under risk. Here, we study the dynamics of such strategy adjustment in a visuomotor decision task in which subjects reach toward a display with regions that lead to rewards and penalties, under conditions of changing uncertainty. In typical reinforcement learning tasks, subjects should base subsequent strategy by computing an estimate of the mean outcome (e.g., reward) in recent trials. In contrast, in our task, strategy should be based on a dynamic estimate of recent outcome uncertainty (i.e., squared error). We find that subjects respond to increased movement uncertainty by aiming movements more conservatively with respect to penalty regions, and that the estimate of uncertainty they use is well characterized by a weighted average of recent squared errors, with higher weights given to more recent trials.
Mudança de eixos e símbolos projetivos
Authors: Salgado Eduardo A.
Published: September 2012

O presente trabalho apresenta uma nova dedução das expressões que servem, em cristalografia, à mudança de eixos coordenados, valendo-se o autor da projeção estereográfica.
Por uma história comparativa da educação matemática
Authors: Valente Wagner Rodrigues
Published: September 2012

Este texto analisa dois movimentos de internacionalização de propostas para o ensino de matemática. O primeiro deles, no início do século XX, com a criação da Comissão Internacional do Ensino de Matemática, em 1908; o segundo, ocorrido em meados desse mesmo século, que ficou conhecido como Movimento da Matemática Moderna. A análise tem por objetivo mostrar que o tema da internacionalização remete à necessidade de uma abordagem histórico-comparativa como forma de produção de conhecimento da educação matemática.
A escolarização e a sua obrigatoriedade: debates na província do Espírito Santo (1870-1880)
Authors: Schneider Omar , Ferreira Neto Amarílio , Alvarenga Jeizibel Alves
Published: September 2012

A pesquisa busca compreender os debates sobre a escolarização e sua obrigatoriedade na Província do Espírito Santo, entre os anos de 1870 e 1880. Estuda as disputas em relação à implantação de uma forma escolar que se colocava como lugar privilegiado para a formação das futuras gerações, obrigadas a frequentar esse novo espaço de socialização. Os debates indicam que, entre os anos de 1870 e 1880, a escola primária era percebida como o local em que se produziria o homem industrioso, capaz de movimentar a economia e com capacidade inventiva, virtuoso e patriótico para defender a Nação de inimigos internos e externos. Nesse sentido, a confiança no poder da educação também é uma confiança no poder da ciência, no caso, da ciência pedagógica e de seus métodos renovadores da didática de ensino. As disputas permitem perceber representações que faziam parte de um movimento político que reivindicava a obrigatoriedade e a gratuidade do ensino como obrigação do Estado, que busca na escolarização meios para controlar a formação dos professores, com a criação de instituições voltadas para a habilitação para a docência e o investimento em escolas para a infância, com vistas a uma formação modelar do futuro cidadão do Império.
Escolarização dos filhos entre famílias negras, mestiças e brancas do povoado de Goiabeiras/MG
Authors: Campos Alexandra Resende
Published: September 2012

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo comparativo sobre as práticas de escolarização empreendidas por famílias negras, mestiças e brancas do povoado de Goiabeiras (MG) e que possuem filhos em idade escolar. O objetivo foi verificar se tais práticas se diferenciam de acordo com o pertencimento racial das famílias pesquisadas. Dialogamos com autores do campo da Sociologia da Educação que estudaram a relação família-escola, de um lado, e a relação educação e relações raciais, de outro. Na investigação, foram utilizados instrumentos com características etnográficas. Os resultados indicaram que as distinções existentes entre as práticas de escolarização empreendidas pelas famílias podem ser explicadas não pela dimensão de raça, mas por um conjunto de circunstâncias atuantes presentes na dinâmica das famílias.
Interfaceamentos contemporâneos: tecnologias digitais e tribos urbanas no contexto escolar
Authors: Silva Valdirene Cássia da , Couto Edvaldo Souza
Published: September 2012

O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa sobre juventudes, tribos urbanas e as interfaces com as tecnologias de informação e comunicação, no contexto escolar de Palmas-TO. Foram estudados jovens que se assumem como integrantes de tribos que circulam pela cidade e estudam no Centro de Ensino Médio - CEM. A investigação esteve atrelada a uma perspectiva formativa escolar oficial e a seleção e oferta de conteúdos paralelos, mediados pelas tecnologias digitais, que possibilitam interações coletivas e reorganizam as experiências de vida dos sujeitos. O método, análise de conteúdo, foi adotado para a leitura e a interpretação das informações obtidas durante o processo da pesquisa. Os resultados indicam que tipologias distintas de jovens circulam no cenário escolar, convivem com as ofertas das políticas educacionais e formativas e negociam mais sentidos e significados da cultura digital em suas vidas.
A estranha não morte da privatização neoliberal na Estratégia 2020 para a educação do Banco Mundial
Authors: Robertson Susan L.
Published: September 2012

O artigo trata da estranha "não morte do neoliberalismo" (Crouch, 2011), referencial ideológico que permanece entre as prioridades das políticas do setor educacional do Banco Mundial (BM). Analisam-se, para exemplificar esse fenômeno, dois relatórios da estratégia do setor educacional, Education Sector Strategy 1999 (Banco Mundial, 1999) e Education Strategy 2020 (Banco Mundial, 2011), usados para orientar as operações do BM na área da educação. Focam-se particularmente as maneiras como um setor privado expandido, juntamente com a Corporação Financeira Internacional (International Finance Corporation - IFC) (o braço investidor do setor privado do BM), é promovido como detentor do conhecimento e da capacidade para atuar num papel mais central na educação enquanto um "mercado emergente". Dessa forma, o artigo centra sua crítica na questão das parcerias público-privadas (PPPs), refletindo sobre o neoliberalismo enquanto projeto político e sobre o paradoxo de seus visíveis fracassos, ao menos por ora, parecerem inspirar rodadas mais avançadas de engenhosidade neoliberal no setor educacional.
Educação escolar quilombola em Minas Gerais: entre ausências e emergências
Authors: Miranda Shirley Aparecida de
Published: September 2012

Este texto problematiza a inserção da modalidade de educação quilombola no âmbito das políticas de educação. Considera-se a modalidade no conjunto mais amplo de desestabilizações de estigmas que definiram, ao longo de nossa história, a inserção subalterna da população negra na sociedade e, consequentemente, no sistema escolar. Que tipologias de reconhecimento orientam políticas de educação voltadas para populações remanescentes de quilombos? Analisam-se a educação escolar quilombola no estado de Minas Gerais e a cobertura escolar a partir de indicadores contidos no censo escolar e no relatório do Plano de Ações Articuladas (PAR) dos municípios no ano de 2010. Por fim, interrogam-se tendências de políticas de diversidade na educação que podem informar arranjos para a implantação da modalidade de educação quilombola.
Masculinidade na história: a construção cultural da diferença entre os sexos
Authors: Silva Sergio Gomes da
Published: September 2012

Nos últimos anos, a discussão em torno da identidade do homem contemporâneo sugere que há uma verdadeira crise da masculinidade. Assim, procurando seguir o fio condutor através da vertente histórica da sexualidade, objetivamos neste trabalho verificar como o conceito de sexualidade e gênero perpassaram a construção cultural da diferença entre os sexos, e quais implicações teve para a chamada “crise da identidade masculina” contemporânea.
A vivência afetiva em idosos
Authors: Oliveira Érika Arantes de , Pasian Sonia Regina , Jacquemin André
Published: September 2012

Objetivou-se analisar a vivência afetiva em idosos asilados (A) e não asilados (NA) a partir de dois grupos de 25 mulheres com mais de 60 anos. Utilizou-se entrevista semi-estruturada sobre história de vida e Teste de Pfister, sendo que A e NA apontaram idealização da infância e da velhice e qualificação negativa da juventude. Na fase adulta, os asilados referiram vivência mais negativa. O Pfister sinalizou, em ambos os grupos, preservação do funcionamento lógico e afetivo, mas certa ansiedade. Inexistiu diferença significativa entre A e NA, sugerindo que a institucionalização não dificulta, necessariamente, o vivenciar saudável da velhice, apontando direção para intervenções terapêuticas com esta população.
Considerações sobre elaboração de currículos para formação de psicólogos: a partir de uma perspectiva didática
Authors: Dias Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2012

O presente trabalho realizado através de pesquisa bibliográfica, tem como objetivo chamar a atenção dos profissionais envolvidos na elaboração de currículos dos cursos de Psicologia, para a necessidade de se atuar segundo uma metodologia científica.Da forma atual, resultados desastrosos são percebidos na atuação dos estudantes durante estágio curricular em clínica; tendem a desqualificar o discurso dos pacientes, quando as suas experiências se situam além das teorias estudadas, sobretudo, tratando-se de conteúdos ligados à sexualidade.O autor propõe que os responsáveis pelos currículos comprometam-se, eticamente, com o futuro dos estudantes, partindo da realidade sócio-cultural na qual os mesmos atuarão.
Psicologia clínica, um novo espetáculo: dimensões éticas e políticas
Authors: Silva Édio Raniere da
Published: September 2012

A Psicologia Clínica é encenada num palco despido de suas tendências patologizantes. Os atores, ao invés de serem meros reprodutores passivos de um roteiro, são criadores do seu próprio espetáculo. Esta monografia propõe refletir sobre possíveis revoluções moleculares através de micropolíticas, de um novo ethos, de olhares desnaturalizantes sobre os sujeitos e da própria maneira de escrevê-la. A definição dos lugares de atuação, a ética, a política e o corpo da psicologia clínica constituem os eixos deste trabalho.
Pulsações contemporâneas do desejo: paixão e libido nas salas de bate-papo virtual
Authors: Civiletti Maria Vittoria Pardal , Pereira Ray
Published: September 2012

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as relações afetivo-sexuais mediadas pelo computador nas salas de bate-papo virtual (chats). Utiliza, como referencial teórico, autores que analisam a contemporaneidade. Investiga o pressuposto de que os internautas podem considerar os chats como um prolongamento da vida “real”, da identidade de um sujeito unificado ou múltiplo, ou como uma configuração interativa distinta da “real”. Hipotetiza que os internautas desejarão com maior freqüência levar seus relacionamentos do “virtual” para o “real”, quando considerarem essas configurações interativas equivalentes. Foram analisados 140 questionários respondidos por freqüentadores de chats. A análise dos dados corroborou tanto o pressuposto inicial quanto a hipótese levantada. Conclui-se que a ambigüidade existente entre os usuários sobre a percepção das características interacionais do chat vem causando problemas de relacionamento, sobretudo por ocasião de sua passagem do ambiente ‘virtual’ para o ‘real’.
Modernidade e produção de subjetividades: breve percurso histórico
Authors: Mancebo Deise
Published: September 2012

O trabalho problematiza uma das categorias fundadoras da psicologia - o “indivíduo” -, através de um aporte histórico. Primeiramente, reconhecendo os efeitos ideológicos da preeminência da representação do indivíduo como valor - oposto ou antagônico ao da sociedade - no âmbito da cultura ocidental moderna, analisa a formação dessa subjetividade individualizada na modernidade, com a definição de algumas características básicas que lhe foram dando contorno e densidade. Apresenta a modernidade como um momento específico de hegemonização da ideologia individualista, através da implantação de instituições políticas crescentemente comprometidas com os valores da liberdade e da igualdade, ou como espaço cultural global de sua afirmação. Discute, a seguir, os processos que têm marcado o conceito de “indivíduo” neste século, sua materialização no capitalismo organizado e, mais recentemente, no neoliberalismo, procurando destacar a retração do conceito sobre si mesmo e o conseqüente empobrecimento da vida cívica e desenvolvimento de uma cultura narcisista.
Estabelecimento in vitro e micropropagação de maracujá silvestre (Passiflora foetida L.)
Authors: Soares W.S. , Rêgo M.M. , Rêgo E.R. , Barroso P.A. , Nascimento K.S. , Ferreira K.T.
Published: September 2012

Entre as espécies do gênero Passiflora, a P. foetida L. apresenta a maior variabilidade genética e tem grande importância medicinal, pois é usada no tratamento de doenças como asma, icterícia, e na forma de emplastros, para as erisipelas e doenças de pele com inflamação. Portanto, são necessários estudos que visem a micropropagação e conservação. As sementes de P. foetida L. apresentam dormência e muitas vezes, levam alguns meses para germinar, produzindo mudas desuniformes e de baixo vigor. Neste sentido, a cultura de tecidos apresenta-se como uma forma alternativa a propagação. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi estabelecer e micropropagar P. foetida L., para formação de um banco de germoplasma. Para tanto, sementes foram escarificadas, desinfestadas e inoculadas em meio MS(½) sem reguladores de crescimento e cultivados por 66 dias. Explantes de hipocótilos obtidos de plantas germinadas in vitro, foram cultivados no mesmo meio suplementado com 1,0 mg L-1 de BAP. Na fase de estabelecimento, 45% dos explantes brotaram e formaram gemas axilares. 88,9% dos explantes de hipocótilo induziram brotação e 11,1% produziram calos. Plântulas regeneradas com 1,82 cm de altura, com raízes foram aclimatadas.
Vigor de sementes de coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.) provenientes de sistemas orgânico e convencional
Authors: Silva M.A.D. , Coelho Júnior L.F. , Santos A.P.
Published: September 2012

O coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.) é uma hortaliça amplamente consumida no Brasil como condimento. É muito importante, especialmente para a horticultura do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. É provável que, em relação ao valor de mercado, seja a segunda hortaliça folhosa em importância para o Brasil, com grande volume de importação e produção nacional de sementes. Problemas relacionados ao baixo vigor das sementes e ao estabelecimento da cultura são uma constante nesta espécie. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a influência do sistema de produção orgânico e convencional sobre o potencial fisiológico das sementes de coentro. Foram avaliados lotes de sementes de coentro, cultivar Verdão, provenientes de sistemas de cultivo convencional e orgânico. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições de cinqüenta sementes. Foram avaliados o grau de umidade, porcentagem de emergência, primeira contagem do teste de emergência, peso de mil sementes, índice de velocidade de emergência de plântulas e teste de condutividade. As avaliações realizadas mostraram que os sistemas de cultivo de modo geral não diferem entre si quanto ao potencial fisiológico das sementes.
Composição química e produtividade dos principais componentes do óleo essencial de Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. em função da adubação orgânica
Authors: Santos R.F. , Isobe M.T.C. , Lalla J.G. , Haber L.L. , Marques M.O.M. , Ming L.C.
Published: September 2012

Objetivou-se avaliar a composição química e produtividade dos principais componentes do óleo essencial de Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. em função de doses de composto orgânico (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 t ha-1). Foi realizada uma colheita, aos 150 dias após o transplante das mudas. O óleo essencial, da massa seca útil da parte aérea, foi extraído por hidrodestilação e analisado em cromatógrafo a gás acoplado a espectrômetro de massas (Shimadzu, QP-5000). A identificação dos constituintes químicos foi realizada através da análise comparativa dos espectros de massas das substâncias com o banco de dados do sistema CG-EM (Nist 62.lib), literatura e índice de retenção. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F, às médias obtidas foram submetidas à análise de regressão e o teste Tukey para o efeito das doses de composto orgânico. Os três componentes sesquiterpênicos, E-nerolidol, espatulenol e óxido de cariofileno, perfazem 58,44% da média relativa da composição química do óleo essencial de B. dracunculifolia, composto pela presença de 28 substâncias. Na produtividade dos componentes γ-muroleno, valenceno, δ-cadineno e E-nerolidol as dosagens estudadas influenciaram as plantas, que na dosagem 30 t ha-1 obtiveram os melhores resultados. Se o objetivo no cultivo de B. dracunculifolia for o componente espatulenol as dosagens 30 e 40 t ha-1 obtiveram os melhores resultados. Para a produtividade do componente óxido de cariofileno as dosagens estudadas influenciaram as plantas, que na dosagem 40 t ha-1 obtiveram os melhores resultados.
An experimental test of the response of macroecological patterns to altered species interactions
Authors: Supp S. R. , Xiao X. , Ernest S. K. M. , White E. P.
Published: September 2012

Macroecological patterns such as the species–area relationship (SAR), the species‐abundance distribution (SAD), and the species–time relationship (STR) exhibit regular behavior across ecosystems and taxa. However, determinants of these patterns remain poorly understood. Emerging theoretical frameworks for macroecology attempt to understand this regularity by ignoring detailed ecological interactions and focusing on the influence of a small number of community‐level state variables, such as species richness and total abundance, on these patterns. We present results from a 15‐year rodent removal experiment evaluating the response of three different macroecological patterns in two distinct annual plant communities (summer and winter) to two levels of manipulated seed predation. Seed predator manipulations significantly impacted species composition on all treatments in both communities, but did not significantly impact richness, community abundance, or macroecological patterns in most cases. However, winter community abundance and richness responded significantly to the removal of all rodents. Changes in richness and abundance were coupled with significant shifts in macroecological patterns (SADs, SARs, and STRs). Because altering species interactions only impacted macroecological patterns when the state variables of abundance and richness also changed, we suggest that, in this system, local‐scale processes primarily act indirectly through these properties to determine macroecological patterns.
Repeated burning of eastern tallgrass prairie increases richness and diversity, stabilizing late successional vegetation
Authors: Bowles Marlin L. , Jones Michael D.
Published: September 2012

Understanding temporal effects of fire frequency on plant species diversity and vegetation structure is critical for managing tallgrass prairie (TGP), which occupies a mid‐continental longitudinal precipitation and productivity gradient. Eastern TGP has contributed little information toward understanding whether vegetation–fire interactions are uniform or change across this biome. We resampled 34 fire‐managed mid‐ and late‐successional ungrazed TGP remnants occurring across a dry to wet‐mesic moisture gradient in the Chicago region of Illinois, USA. We compared hypotheses that burning acts either as a stabilizing force or causes change in diversity and structure, depending upon fire frequency and successional stage. Based on western TGP, we expected a unimodal species richness distribution across a cover–productivity gradient, variable functional group responses to fire frequency, and a negative relationship between fire frequency and species richness. Species diversity was unimodal across the cover gradient and was more strongly humpbacked in stands with greater fire frequency. In support of a stabilizing hypothesis, temporal similarity of late‐successional vegetation had a logarithmic relationship with increasing fire frequency, while richness and evenness remained stable. Temporal similarity within mid‐successional stands was not correlated with fire frequency, while richness increased and evenness decreased over time. Functional group responses to fire frequency were variable. Summer forb richness increased under high fire frequency, while C4 grasses, spring forbs, and nitrogen‐fixing species decreased with fire exclusion. On mesic and wet‐mesic sites, vegetation structure measured by the ratio of woody to graminoid species was negatively correlated with abundance of forbs and with fire frequency. Our findings that species richness responds unimodally to an environmental‐productivity gradient, and that fire exclusion increases woody vegetation and leads to loss of C4 and N‐fixing species, suggest that these processes are uniform across the TGP biome and not affected by its rainfall–productivity gradient. However, increasing fire frequency in eastern TGP appears to increase richness of summer forbs and stabilize late‐successional vegetation in the absence of grazing, and these processes may differ across the longitudinal axis of TGP. Managing species diversity in ungrazed eastern TGP may be dependent upon high fire frequency that removes woody vegetation and prevents biomass accumulation.
Radiolarian biostratigraphy and geochemistry of the Koziakas massif ophiolites (Greece)
Authors: Chiari Marco , Bortolotti Valerio , Marcucci Marta , Photiades Adonis , Principi Gianfranco , Saccani Emilio
Published: September 2012

The Koziakas massif, located at the western boundary of the Thessaly plain, consists of a nappe pile, which includes from bottom to top: 1– the Paleocene-Eocene Pindos Flysch; 2– the Western Thessaly Units (WTU); 3– the Ophiolitic Nappe, which consists of four minor tectonic units: a) the ophiolite-bearing Koziakas Mélange; b) the Fourka Unit; c) a thin discontinuous level of amphibolites (Metamorphic sole); d) a “Peridotite Unit”.

This work focuses on the study of both the radiolarian assemblages of cherts situated at the top of basalts and the geochemistry of the latter. Our data show that in the Fourka Unit the cherts overlying the various basalts have diverse ages: a) latest Anisian (associated to WPB-OIB), almost coeval to the trachyandesites effused onto the continental rifts to the west; b) Early Carnian-Middle Norian and Late Carnian-Early Norian (associated to WPB-OIB); c) Early Norian (associated to E-MORB). In the Koziakas Mélange the age is Early-Middle Bathonian (associated to WPB-OIB).

These data confirm the geodynamic evolution hypothesized for all the other ophiolitic massifs of the southern portions of the Dinaric-Hellenic belt, which can be synthesized as follows: a) birth of the Vardar-“Maliac” ocean in the Middle Triassic, coeval to continental basins to the west (Pindos basin, etc.); b) ocean spreading until Late Jurassic with intraoceanic subduction at the beginning of Middle Jurassic, followed by intraoceanic obduction; c) closure of the ocean (latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous) and thrusting of the Ophiolitic Nappe onto the eastern continental margin of Adria (the Pelagonian); d) westward displacement of the Ophiolitic Nappe testified by the presence of ophiolitic detritus first in the WTU (latest Jurassic to Late Cretaceous) and then, to the west, in the Pindos Flysch (Paleocene-Eocene).
Radiolarian biostratigraphy of the Perapedhi Formation (Cyprus): implications for the geological evolution of the Troodos Ophiolite
Authors: Bragina Liubov G.
Published: September 2012

The Troodos Ophiolite Complex of Cyprus is covered in places by an in-situ sedimentary sequence, the Perapedhi Formation, which is represented by umbers and radiolarian cherts. The age of the Perapedhi Formation has primary importance for an understanding of the geological history of Cyprus, the development of ophiolite assemblages and their structure. According to data obtained on radiolarian biostratigraphy, the Perapedhi Formation has a stratigraphic range from Middle - Upper Turonian to uppermost Santonian (Upper Cretaceous). Therefore, the formation of the Troodos Ophiolite Complex in the studied area ended before Middle Turonian times.
Lower Cretaceous carbonate gravity-flow deposits from the Bohinj area (NW Slovenia): evidence of a lost carbonate platform in the Internal Dinarides
Authors: Kukoč Duje , Goričan Špela , Košir Adrijan
Published: September 2012

In the Bohinj area (NW Slovenia), a distinctive interval of carbonate gravity-flow deposits overlying the pelagic Biancone limestone was analyzed for microfacies and dated with radiolarians. This interval, newly described as the Bohinj Formation, consists of a 3 m thick carbonate breccia capped by a 4 m thick massive calcarenite. The breccia is composed of clasts of carbonate platform facies, isolated ooids and oncoids, and bioclasts of shallow-marine benthos. Intraclasts of pelagic calpionellid wackestone and rare chert clasts are also present. Radiolarians from the pelagic limestone below indicate a latest Tithonian to earliest Berriasian age, and those above indicate a Berriasian to Early Valanginian age. Paleogeographically, the area was part of the Bled basin, which had a relatively distal position on the Adriatic continental margin. This position is suggested by flysch-type deposits in the area that are Early Cretaceous in age and thus correlate with the Bosnian Flysch in the central Dinarides. The Bohinj Formation provides evidence of a carbonate platform that must have been located more internally but is now not preserved. This inferred platform (named the Bohinj Carbonate Platform) may have developed on top of a nappe stack, which formed during the early emplacement of the internal Dinaric units onto the continental margin. The platform correlates regionally with genetically similar isolated carbonate platforms of the Alpine – Dinaride – Carpathian orogenic system, e.g., with the Plassen Carbonate Platform in the Northern Calcareous Alps and the Kurbnesh Carbonate Platform in Albania.
Social Resources and Change in Functional Health: Comparing Three Age Groups
Authors: Randall G. Kevin , Martin Peter , Bishop Alex J. , Johnson Mary Ann , Poon Leonard W.
Published: September 2012

This study examined the mediating and moderating role of social resources on the association between age and change in functional health for three age groups of older adults. Data were provided by those in their 60s, 80s, and 100s who participated in the first two phases of the Georgia Centenarian study. Analyses confirmed the study's hypothesis that social resources moderated the relationship between age group and change in functional health; in particular, centenarians who experienced the greatest decline in IADLs scored the highest on social resources at time 1. No evidence was found for mediation by social resources or a directional influence by either level of social resources or functional health on change in the other resource. Evidence from this study challenges researchers and service providers to consider the heterogeneity in resources among older adults.
From Agricultural Fields to Urban Asphalt: The Role of Worker Education to Promote California's Heat Illness Prevention Standard
Authors: Riley Kevin , Delp Linda , Cornelio Deogracia , Jacobs Sarah
Published: September 2012

This article describes an innovative approach to reach and educate workers and worker advocates about California's outdoor heat illness prevention standard. In 2010, Cal/OSHA initiated a statewide education campaign to reduce heat-related illnesses and fatalities and increase awareness of the standard's requirements. In Southern California, the UCLA Labor Occupational Safety and Health Program (LOSH) focused on three principal strategies of community-based outreach, popular education, and organizational capacity building. Central to the LOSH approach was the integration of health promotores into core program planning and training activities and the expansion of campaign activities to a wide variety of rural and urban workers. We describe each of these strategies and analyze the possibilities and constraints of worker education to support implementation of this standard, particularly given the vulnerabilities of the impacted workforce, the often precarious nature of employment arrangements for these workers, and the resource limitations of Cal/OSHA.