bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Double documentation in electronic health records
Authors: Törnqvist Jeanette , Törnvall Eva , Jansson Inger
Published: February 2016

Documentation in the patient record must be systematic and rigorous. However, each health care profession documents parts of the electronic health record (EHR) separately. This system can lead to double documentation. The aim of the study was to describe the amount of double documentation in health records for in-patients. A retrospective descriptive review of 30 records for in-patients diagnosed with hip fracture was conducted. Double documentation occurred on all records reviewed during the stay in hospital and in or between all professions reviewed. In total, 822 instances of double documentation were found. The EHRs available today are not designed to monitor processes. Instead, they follow each health profession, which can lead to double documentation. It would be desirable to develop an EHR from a process perspective and not a record per profession.
Squamous Cell Cancer of Unknown Primary and Primary Breast Cancer in an HIV-Infected Woman
Authors: Gulvin Joshua , Aboulafia David M.
Published: February 2016

People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are surviving longer, with an increased risk of cancer. Cancer screening strategies in PLWHA are lacking. We describe the case of a woman with a history of AIDS, who had a nondetectable viral load on treatment. She is an activist, promoting HIV care, but had not undergone routine screening for breast, cervical, or colonic neoplasia. She presented with a left groin mass, which on biopsy proved to be a p16 immuno-histochemical positive squamous cell carcinoma. Anal and cervicovaginal examinations did not show invasive cancer, although high-resolution anoscopy identified high-grade anal dysplasia. A mammogram followed by magnetic resonance imaging showed invasive ductal carcinoma. Her breast cancer was treated with lumpectomy, adjuvant brachytherapy and chemotherapy. The left groin tumor was treated with chemo-radiation. Herein, we also review medical literature concerning anal, cervical, breast, colorectal, and lung cancer screening for PLWHA, which is important for our aging population of PLWHA.
Proportional Distribution of Patient Satisfaction Scores by Clinical Service
Authors: Leonard Michael S , Foster Brenda , Biondi Eric A
Published: February 2016

The Proportional Responsibility for Integrated Metrics by Encounter (PRIME) model is a novel means of allocating patient experience scores based on the proportion of each physician's involvement in care. Secondary analysis was performed on Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems surveys from a tertiary care academic institution. The PRIME model was used to calculate specialty-level scores based on encounters during a hospitalization. Standard and PRIME scores for services with the most inpatient encounters were calculated. Hospital medicine had the most discharges and encounters. The standard model generated a score of 74.6, while the PRIME model yielded a score of 74.9. The standard model could not generate a score for anesthesiology due to the lack of returned surveys, but the PRIME model yielded a score of 84.2. The PRIME model provides a more equitable method for distributing satisfaction scores and can generate scores for specialties that the standard model cannot.
Could Values and Social Structures in Singapore Facilitate Attainment of Patient-Focused, Cultural, and Linguistic Competency Standards in a Patient-Centered Medical Home Pilot?
Authors: Olayiwola J Nwando , Shih Jenny A , Shiow Sue-Anne Toh Ee , Wee Hwee-Lin
Published: February 2016

Primary care practices in the United States are transforming into patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs) at a rapid pace. Newer PCMH standards have emphasized culturally and linguistically appropriate services (CLAS), but at this time, only some states in the United States have proposed or passed cultural competency training for health care professionals. Other countries are moving to PCMH models. Singapore, a small, ethnically diverse island nation, has national values and social structures that emphasize cultural and linguistic cohesion. In this piece, we examine Singapore’s first PCMH pilot with a national academic center and primary care practice group. Features such as common shared values, self-reliance, racial and religious harmony, patient experience surveillance, and incorporation of CLAS standards in routine health care transactions may predict success for the PCMH in Singapore, with some implications for the United States.
Correlation of Inpatient Experience Survey Items and Domains With Overall Hospital Rating
Authors: Kemp Kyle , McCormack Brandi , Chan Nancy , Santana Maria J , Quan Hude
Published: February 2016

Objective:

To determine which individual patient experience questions and domains were most correlated with overall inpatient hospital experience.

Methods:

Within 42 days of discharge, 27 639 patients completed a telephone survey based upon the Hospital-Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Systems and Processes instrument. Patients rated their overall experience on a scale of 0 (worst care) to 10 (best care). Correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relationships between individual survey questions and domains with overall experience.

Results:

Questions on provider coordination and nursing care were most correlated with overall experience. Hospital cleanliness, quietness, and discharge information questions showed poor correlation. Correlation with overall experience was strongest for the “communication with nurses” domain.

Conclusions:

Our individual question results are novel, while the domain-based findings replicate those of US-based providers, results which had not yet been reported in the Canadian context—one with universal health care coverage. Our results suggest that our large health care organization may attain initial inpatient experience improvements by focusing upon personnel-based initiatives, rather than physical attributes of our hospitals.
Implementing Patient Family-Centered Care Grand Rounds Using Patient/Family Advisor Narratives
Authors: Fagan Maureen B , Wong Celene , Carnie Martha B , Ashley Stanley W , Somerville Jacqueline G
Published: February 2016

With the emerging trend of patient family–centered care in health care, it is essential that physicians be exposed to patient and family perspectives of care during medical education and training. Grand Rounds provides an ideal format for physicians to learn about patient family–centered care. At Brigham and Women’s Hospital, we sought to bring the voice of the patient to Patient Family–Centered Grand Rounds in order to expose clinicians to rich narratives describing the medical care received by patients/families and to ultimately change physician practice to reflect patient family–centered principles. We conducted a clinician survey and found promising results indicating that patient/family narratives can be effective at educating physicians about patient family–centered care.
Polygenic mutations in the cytotoxicity pathway increase susceptibility to develop HLH immunopathology in mice
Authors: Sepulveda Fernando E. , Garrigue Alexandrine , Maschalidi Sophia , Garfa-Traore Meriem , Ménasché Gaël , Fischer Alain , de Saint Basile Geneviève
Published: February 2016

Key Points

The accumulation of monoallelic mutations in HLH-causing genes impairs lymphocyte cytotoxicity contributing to HLH immunopathology in mice. A polygenic model may account for some of the cases of secondary HLH observed in humans.
Task sharing for the care of severe mental disorders in a low-income country (TaSCS): study protocol for a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Hanlon Charlotte , Alem Atalay , Medhin Girmay , Shibre Teshome , Ejigu Dawit A. , Negussie Hanna , Dewey Michael , Wissow Lawrence , Prince Martin , Susser Ezra , Lund Crick , Fekadu Abebaw
Published: February 2016

Background

Task sharing mental health care through integration into primary health care (PHC) is advocated as a means of narrowing the treatment gap for mental disorders in low-income countries. However, the effectiveness, acceptability, feasibility and sustainability of this service model for people with a severe mental disorder (SMD) have not been evaluated in a low-income country.

Methods/Design

A randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial will be carried out in a predominantly rural area of Ethiopia. A sample of 324 people with SMD (diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder) with an ongoing need for mental health care will be recruited from 1) participants in a population-based cohort study and 2) people attending a psychiatric nurse-led out-patient clinic. The intervention is a task-sharing model of locally delivered mental health care for people with SMD integrated into PHC delivered over 18 months. Participants in the active control arm will receive the established and effective model of specialist mental health care delivered by psychiatric nurses at an out-patient clinic within a centrally located general hospital. The hypothesis is that people with SMD who receive mental health care integrated into PHC will have a non-inferior clinical outcome, defined as a mean symptom score on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, expanded version, of no more than six points higher, compared to participants who receive the psychiatric nurse-led service, after 12 months. The primary outcome is change in symptom severity. Secondary outcomes are functional status, relapse, service use costs, service satisfaction, drop-out and medication adherence, nutritional status, physical health care, quality of care, medication side effects, stigma, adverse events and cost-effectiveness. Sustainability and cost-effectiveness will be further evaluated at 18 months. Randomisation will be stratified by health centre catchment area using random permuted blocks. The outcome assessors and investigators will be masked to allocation status.

Discussion

Evidence about the effectiveness of task sharing mental health care for people with SMD in a rural, low-income African country will inform the World Health Organisation’s mental health Gap Action Programme to scale-up mental health care globally.

Trial registration

NCT02308956 (ClinicalTrials.gov). Date of registration: 3 December 2014.
Attitude, barriers and facilitators to practice-based research: cross-sectional survey of hospital pharmacists in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sultana Khizra , Al Jeraisy Majed , Al Ammari Maha , Patel Rahul , Zaidi Syed Tabish R.
Published: February 2016

Background

Little is known about the perceived attitude, barriers and facilitators of Saudi Pharmacists about practice based research. We aimed to measure the attitude, barriers, and facilitators of Saudi hospital pharmacists towards pharmacy practice research.

Method

A cross-sectional survey of hospital pharmacists (n = 216) working in King Abdulaziz Medical Cities in Central, Eastern and Western region hospitals was conducted during first week of September, 2013. The survey instrument comprised of six different sections that explored pharmacists previous participation in research, items regarding attitude, perception and willingness to participate, motivators, barriers, different areas of interest for doing research and patient demographics. Quantitative data collected was initially explored using frequency distribution, and descriptive analysis was carried out. Mann-Whitney U and independent samples t-test were used to explore the differences between the study variables.

Results

One hundred and eighty two pharmacists completed the survey yielding a response rate of 84 %. Fifty-nine percent of pharmacists have prior research experience. Pharmacists with research experience were more confident in reading and evaluating research papers (p = 0.01), and designing a research study (p = 0.001). Pharmacists with previous research experience were also more likely to participate in future research opportunities (p = 0.004) and were confident in their research skills (p = 0.003). No differences were observed about the perceived value of research, facilitators and barriers to participate in research, between pharmacists with prior research experience and pharmacists who have no prior experience to do research.

Conclusion

Pharmacists in this study were unanimous about the importance of research but showed considerable differences in their confidence to carry out research. There is a need to provide additional support to enable Saudi pharmacists in conducting practice based research.
Increasing the Use of Student-Centered Pedagogies from Moderate to High Improves Student Learning and Attitudes about Biology
Authors: Connell Georgianne L. , Donovan Deborah A. , Chambers Timothy G.
Published: February 2016

Student-centered strategies are being incorporated into undergraduate classrooms in response to a call for reform. We tested whether teaching in an extensively student-centered manner (many active-learning pedagogies, consistent formative assessment, cooperative groups; the Extensive section) was more effective than teaching in a moderately student-centered manner (fewer active-learning pedagogies, less formative assessment, without groups; the Moderate section) in a large-enrollment course. One instructor taught both sections of Biology 101 during the same quarter, covering the same material. Students in the Extensive section had significantly higher mean scores on course exams. They also scored significantly higher on a content postassessment when accounting for preassessment score and student demographics. Item response theory analysis supported these results. Students in the Extensive section had greater changes in postinstruction abilities compared with students in the Moderate section. Finally, students in the Extensive section exhibited a statistically greater expert shift in their views about biology and learning biology. We suggest our results are explained by the greater number of active-learning pedagogies experienced by students in cooperative groups, the consistent use of formative assessment, and the frequent use of explicit metacognition in the Extensive section.
Management of Chemoradiation-Induced Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancers With Oral Glutamine
Authors: Pattanayak Lucy , Panda Niharika , Dash Manoj Kumar , Mohanty Sumita , Samantaray Sagarika
Published: February 2016

Purpose

Head and neck cancers are the third most common cancers worldwide. Oral mucositis is the most common toxicity seen in patients who receive chemoradiation to treat head and neck cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral glutamine supplementation in these patients.

Materials and Methods

From December 2013 to December 2014, we randomly assigned to two arms 162 patients who had squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Patients in arm A were given oral glutamine once per day, whereas those in arm B served as negative control subjects. All patients received radiotherapy given as 70 Gy in 35 fractions over 7 weeks with an injection of cisplatin once per week. Patients were assessed once per week to evaluate for the onset and severity of mucositis, pain, use of analgesics, and for Ryle tube feeding.

Results

We observed that 53.1% of patients developed mucositis toward the fifth week in the glutamine arm compared with 55.5% of patients in the control arm at the third week. None in the glutamine arm compared with 92.35% of patients in the control arm developed G3 mucositis. Rates of adverse events like pain, dysphagia, nausea, edema, and cough, as well as use of analgesics and Ryle tube feeding, were significantly lower in the glutamine arm than in the control arm.

Conclusion

This study highlights that the onset as well as the severity of mucositis in patients receiving glutamine was significantly delayed. None of the patients receiving glutamine developed G3 mucositis. Hence, the findings emphasize the use of oral glutamine supplementation as a feasible and affordable treatment option for mucositis in patients with head and neck cancers who are receiving chemoradiation.
Significance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Assessed Tumor Response for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Treated With Preoperative Long-Course Chemoradiation
Authors: Fayaz Mohamed Salah , Demian Gerges Attia , Fathallah Wael Moftah , Eissa Heba El-Sayed , El-Sherify Mustafa Shawki , Abozlouf Sadeq , George Thomas , Samir Suzanne Mona
Published: February 2016

Purpose

To study the predictive and prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–assessed tumor response after long-course neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.

Methods

This study included 79 patients who had T3 or T4 and/or N+ rectal cancer treated with long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiation. MRI-assessed tumor regression grade (mrTRG) was assessed in 64 patients. MRIs were reviewed by the study radiologist. Surgical and pathologic reports for those who underwent surgery were reviewed. Disease-free survival (DFS) was estimated. Progression during therapy, local relapse, metastasis, and death resulting from the tumor were classified as events. Statistical significance was calculated.

Results

In 11 patients, the tumor completely disappeared on MRI; that is, it had an mrTRG of 1. All but one patient, who chose deferred surgery, had a complete pathologic response (pCR), with a positive predictive value of nearly 100%. Of the 20 patients who had an mrTRG of 2 on MRI, six had a pCR. mrTRG 3, mrTRG 4, and mrTRG 5 were detected in 24, six, and three patients, respectively, of whom only one patient had a pCR. The 2-year DFS was 77%. The mrTRG was significant for DFS. The 2-year DFS was 88% for patients with a good response versus 66% for those with a poor response (P = .046).

Conclusion

MRI-assessed complete tumor response was strongly correlated with pCR and, therefore, can be used as a surrogate marker to predict absence of viable tumor cells. Our results can be used to implement use of mrTRGs in larger prospective correlative studies as a tool to select patients for whom deferred surgery may be appropriate. Also, those with a poor response may be offered further treatment options before definitive surgery.
Estrogen, SNP-Dependent Chemokine Expression and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Regulation
Authors: Ho Ming-Fen , Bongartz Tim , Liu Mohan , Kalari Krishna R. , Goss Paul E. , Shepherd Lois E. , Goetz Matthew P. , Kubo Michiaki , Ingle James N. , Wang Liewei , Weinshilboum Richard M.
Published: February 2016

We previously reported, on the basis of a genome-wide association study for aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal symptoms, that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1A (TCL1A) gene were associated with aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal pain and with estradiol (E2)-induced TCL1A expression. Furthermore, variation in TCL1A expression influenced the downstream expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cytokine receptors. Specifically, the top hit genome-wide association study SNP, rs11849538, created a functional estrogen response element (ERE) that displayed estrogen receptor (ER) binding and increased E2 induction of TCL1A expression only for the variant SNP genotype. In the present study, we pursued mechanisms underlying the E2-SNP-dependent regulation of TCL1A expression and, in parallel, our subsequent observations that SNPs at a distance from EREs can regulate ERα binding and that ER antagonists can reverse phenotypes associated with those SNPs. Specifically, we performed a series of functional genomic studies using a large panel of lymphoblastoid cell lines with dense genomic data that demonstrated that TCL1A SNPs at a distance from EREs can modulate ERα binding and expression of TCL1A as well as the expression of downstream immune mediators. Furthermore, 4-hydroxytamoxifen or fulvestrant could reverse these SNP-genotype effects. Similar results were found for SNPs in the IL17A cytokine and CCR6 chemokine receptor genes. These observations greatly expand our previous results and support the existence of a novel molecular mechanism that contributes to the complex interplay between estrogens and immune systems. They also raise the possibility of the pharmacological manipulation of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in a SNP genotype-dependent fashion.
Continuous Adductor Canal Blocks: Does Varying Local Anesthetic Delivery Method (Automatic Repeated Bolus Doses Versus Continuous Basal Infusion) Influence Cutaneous Analgesia and Quadriceps Femoris Strength? A Randomized, Double-Masked, Controlled, Split-Body Volunteer Study
Authors: Monahan Amanda M. , Sztain Jacklynn F. , Khatibi Bahareh , Furnish Timothy J. , Jæger Pia , Sessler Daniel I. , Mascha Edward J. , You Jing , Wen Cindy H. , Nakanote Ken A. , Ilfeld Brian M.
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND:

It remains unknown whether continuous or scheduled intermittent bolus local anesthetic administration is preferable for adductor canal perineural catheters. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that scheduled bolus administration is superior or noninferior to a continuous infusion on cutaneous knee sensation in volunteers.

METHODS:

Bilateral adductor canal catheters were inserted in 24 volunteers followed by ropivacaine 0.2% administration for 8 hours. One limb of each subject was assigned randomly to a continuous infusion (8 mL/h) or automated hourly boluses (8 mL/bolus), with the alternate treatment in the contralateral limb. The primary end point was the tolerance to electrical current applied through cutaneous electrodes in the distribution of the anterior branch of the medial femoral cutaneous nerve after 8 hours (noninferiority delta: −10 mA). Secondary end points included tolerance of electrical current and quadriceps femoris maximum voluntary isometric contraction strength at baseline, hourly for 14 hours, and again after 22 hours.

RESULTS:

The 2 administration techniques provided equivalent cutaneous analgesia at 8 hours because noninferiority was found in both directions, with estimated difference on tolerance to cutaneous current of −0.6 mA (95% confidence interval, −5.4 to 4.3). Equivalence also was found on all but 2 secondary time points.

CONCLUSIONS:

No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that changing the local anesthetic administration technique (continuous basal versus hourly bolus) when using an adductor canal perineural catheter at 8 mL/h decreases cutaneous sensation in the distribution of the anterior branch of the medial femoral cutaneous nerve.
Drug Release is Determined by the Chain Length of Fatty Acid-Conjugated Anticancer Agent as One Component of Nano-Prodrug
Authors: Koseki Yoshitaka , Ikuta Yoshikazu , Kamishima Takaaki , Onodera Tsunenobu , Oikawa Hidetoshi , Kasai Hitoshi
Published: February 2016

Effective control of drug release from “nano-prodrugs”, which are nanoparticles composed of water-insoluble prodrug compounds is one of the most important determinants of the balance between drug efficacy and side effects. However, the chemical behaviors of nano-prodrugs in relation to drug release are poorly characterized. We created nano-prodrugs using a series of fatty acid ester (C2–C18) derivatives of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) and found that their in vitro cytotoxic activities decreased as the length of the fatty acid chain increased. The cytotoxicities of these nano-prodrugs were unrelated to particle size or efficacy of cellular uptake, but critically depended on their hydrolysis rate within cancer cells. These results indicated that the drug release rate from nano-prodrugs can be controlled successfully by changing the length of the introduced fatty acid chain.
The business of deubiquitination – location, location, location
Authors: Coyne Erin S. , Wing Simon S.
Published: February 2016

A majority of proteins in the cell can be modified by ubiquitination, thereby altering their function or stability. This ubiquitination is controlled by both ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). The number of ubiquitin ligases exceeds that of DUBs by about eightfold, indicating that DUBs may have much broader substrate specificity. Despite this, DUBs have been shown to have quite specific physiological functions. This functional specificity is likely due to very precise regulation of activity arising from the sophisticated use of all mechanisms of enzyme regulation. In this commentary, we briefly review key features of DUBs with more emphasis on regulation. In particular, we focus on localization of the enzymes as a critical regulatory mechanism which when integrated with control of expression, substrate activation, allosteric regulation, and post-translational modifications results in precise spatial and temporal deubiquitination of proteins and therefore specific physiological functions. Identification of compounds that target the structural elements in DUBs that dictate localization may be a more promising approach to development of drugs with specificity of action than targeting the enzymatic activity, which for most DUBs is dependent on a thiol group that can react non-specifically with many compounds in large-scale screening.
Recent advances in the understanding and management of IgA nephropathy
Authors: Lai Kar Neng , Leung Joseph C.K. , Tang Sydney C.W.
Published: February 2016

Since its first description in 1968, IgA nephropathy has remained the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis leading to chronic kidney disease in developed countries. The clinical progression varies, and consequent end-stage renal disease occurs in 30% to 40% of patients 20 to 30 years after the first clinical presentation. Current data implicate overproduction of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 as being pivotal in the induction of renal injury. Effective and specific treatment is still lacking, and new therapeutic approaches will be developed after better understanding the disease pathogenesis.
Patterns of database citation in articles and patents indicate long-term scientific and industry value of biological data resources
Authors: Bousfield David , McEntyre Johanna , Velankar Sameer , Papadatos George , Bateman Alex , Cochrane Guy , Kim Jee-Hyub , Graef Florian , Vartak Vid , Alako Blaise , Blomberg Niklas
Published: February 2016

Data from open access biomolecular data resources, such as the European Nucleotide Archive and the Protein Data Bank are extensively reused within life science research for comparative studies, method development and to derive new scientific insights. Indicators that estimate the extent and utility of such secondary use of research data need to reflect this complex and highly variable data usage. By linking open access scientific literature, via Europe PubMedCentral, to the metadata in biological data resources we separate data citations associated with a deposition statement from citations that capture the subsequent, long-term, reuse of data in academia and industry.  We extend this analysis to begin to investigate citations of biomolecular resources in patent documents. We find citations in more than 8,000 patents from 2014, demonstrating substantial use and an important role for data resources in defining biological concepts in granted patents to both academic and industrial innovators. Combined together our results indicate that the citation patterns in biomedical literature and patents vary, not only due to citation practice but also according to the data resource cited. The results guard against the use of simple metrics such as citation counts and show that indicators of data use must not only take into account citations within the biomedical literature but also include reuse of data in industry and other parts of society by including patents and other scientific and technical documents such as guidelines, reports and grant applications.
Methodological Aspects of Financial Resources Management of University of Enterprise Type
Authors: Маевская  , Maevskaya Elena
Published: February 2016

This article is devoted to formation of methodical ensuring management

of financial resources of university of enterprise type, based on interrelation

of its methodology with processes of the analysis and forecasting. Conceptual

approach to effective functioning of a control system of financial resources

and it information analytically is offered to providing which can form a direct

basis of administrative tools for concrete universities at the solution of problems

of the current and strategic character and will allow to create, depending

on requirements, the system of estimated indicators directed on satisfaction

of administrative inquiries of various external and internal users.
Determination of Credit Border – Basis of Credit Risk Management of Consumer Credit
Authors: Панова  , Panova T.
Published: February 2016

The article discusses the problem of determining the boundaries of credit and

credit risk management. Defining the boundaries of reasonable use of credit

and compliance is of great importance for the economy as a whole. Only with

an optimal level of credit investments of credit impact on the economy can

be positive.
Supply and Demand in the World Market of Mineral Fertilizers: Major Factors, Tendencies and Forecasts
Authors: Гендон  , Gendon A.
Published: February 2016

In article the main attractive fundamental characteristics determining the

steady growth of world demand for mineral fertilizers in the long term are

considered. However it is defined that such factors define need for fertilizers,

but not solvent demand, and in the short term in all segments of branch

excess of the offer over demand that can lead to reduction of prices of

fertilizers, and also to decline in yield of mining and chemical business will

be observed.
50th Anniversary Invited Article—Goods Distribution with Electric Vehicles: Review and Research Perspectives
Authors: Pelletier Samuel , Jabali Ola , Laporte Gilbert
Published: February 2016

Since the mid-2000s, electric vehicles have gained popularity in several countries even though their market share is still relatively low. However, most gains have been made in the area of passenger vehicles and most technical and scientific studies have been devoted to this case. By contrast, the potential of electric vehicular technology for goods distribution has received less attention. The issues related to the use of electric vehicles for goods distribution reveal a wide range of relevant research problems. The aims of this survey paper are to provide transportation researchers an overview of the technological and marketing background needed to conduct research in this area, to present a survey of the existing research in this field, and to offer perspectives for future research.
An Alternative Preservative Treatment Procedure for Marine- and Shuttering-Grade Plywood in India
Authors: Kalawate Aparna
Published: February 2016

The present research was performed with an aim to develop an alternative preservative treatment method for marine- and shuttering-grade plywood. Per Indian Standards, 12 kg/m3 of retention is required in marine- and shuttering-grade plywood, which is very difficult to achieve. The higher loadings of wood preservative chemical are being achieved only by the pressure impregnation method. The pressure impregnation method requires energy to run the equipment, skilled manpower, and sophisticated instruments; a large amount of damage takes place to the plywood during the process. Hence, an alternative to this glue-line poisoning followed by hot and cold dipping of plywood has been found suitable to achieve the 12 kg/m3 of retention without affecting the glue and plywood properties.
Educar para um envelhecimento bem sucedido: reflexões e propostas de ação
Authors: Pinto Antunes Maria Conceição
Published: February 2016

O envelhecimento da população é, sem dúvida, um dos fenómenos mais preocupantes da atualidade, colocando sérios problemas e novos desafios às sociedades contemporâneas.Neste ensaio, pretendemos convidar o leitor a refletir connosco acerca de alguns dos desafios que o envelhecimento da população coloca à vivência intracomunitária dos nossos dias, de um modo particular, os de natureza educacional.A intenção é, em primeiro lugar, tentar desocultar as articulações que se estabelecem entre os conceitos de envelhecimento bem sucedido, qualidade de vida e saúde no sentido de compreender se o envelhecimento bem sucedido é uma realidade possível. Em segundo lugar, a nossa reflexão projeta uma incontornável relação entre educação e envelhecimento bem sucedido, tecendo algumas propostas de reconfiguração da educação de forma a esta poder ser entendida como fator promotor do envelhecimento bem sucedido e qualidade de vida na população idosa.
Conectando investigación y docencia en la universidad: Teaching Research Nexus
Authors: López Gómez Ernesto
Published: February 2016

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una revisión de la literatura con la pretensión de profundizar en uno de los aspectos nucleares del trabajo del profesorado universitario: la investigación. Concretamente, el contenido del artículo transita desde los niveles de investigación en la universidad y los parámetros para entender al profesorado universitario como investigador, hasta la discusión en torno a la relación o independencia entre investigación y docencia, con el objetivo fundamental de ofrecer estrategias para desarrollar un enfoque integrado, teaching research nexus, con un espacio representativo en la discusión internacional. Las conclusiones evidencian que las relaciones entre investigación y docencia tienen beneficios inmediatos en la profundidad del aprendizaje de los estudiantes y la posibilidad de generar comunidades académicas de práctica.
Efectos de las características del problema, captación de su estructura y uso de analogías sobre el éxito de los estudiantes de secundaria en la resolución de problemas
Authors: García Gallego Pedro , Sanjosé López Vicente , Solaz-Portolés Joan Josep
Published: February 2016

En este trabajo se analiza la influencia del nivel académico, de los estudios cursados, de la estructura y contexto del problema, de la captación de la estructura y del uso de analogías, en la resolución de problemas. Se ha utilizado un diseño factorial con un factor intra-sujetos y varios factores entre-sujetos, que se han seleccionado en función de la hipótesis a contrastar. Se ha administrado a 181 estudiantes de secundaria dos tipos de cuadernillos que contienen dos problemas y preguntas sobre la captación de la estructura y uso de analogías. Los resultados de pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas muestran que: a) El nivel académico y el tipo de estudios cursados son variables cruciales en la resolución de problemas; b) La captación de la estructura influye decisivamente para resolver los problemas, pero no el uso de analogías; y c) Los estudiantes resuelven significativamente mejor los problemas de estructura sencilla y contexto familiar.
Pensamiento y acción socioeducativa en contextos de enseñanza secundaria. Un estudio descriptivo-correlacional
Authors: González Sánchez Margarita , Olmos Migueláñez Susana , Serrate González Sara
Published: February 2016

Este artículo refiere resultados de un proyecto de investigación más amplio que engloba diferentes unidades de análisis relacionadas con el educador social y su acción profesional. Pretendemos describir y justificar la intervención socioeducativa que desempeñan los educadores sociales en los centros de enseñanza, por este motivo planteamos en las comunidades de Castilla La Mancha y Extremadura un estudio descriptivo-correlacional, dentro del clásico diseño de encuesta, a través de un cuestionario. Los resultados corroboran la creciente irrupción de los educadores sociales en el sistema educativo y las funciones realizadas que nos permite revisar y debatir el papel de los educadores en los centros. Presentamos los resultados parciales que hacen referencia a una de las dimensiones estudiadas referidas, en líneas generales, al perfil del educador social y, más concretamente, a las funciones del mismo en los centros de secundaria colaborando en la respuesta que la sociedad actual demanda a la educación.
Wissenschaftliche Weiterbildung als gemeinsame Wissensarbeit an der Grenzstelle von Universitäten und Unternehmen – eine unterschätzte Form der Wissensproduktion/ Continuing education as collaborative knowledge work at the periphery between universities and companies – an underestimated type of knowledge production
Authors: Wilkesmann Uwe
Published: February 2016

Eine bisher wenig beachtete Form der Wissensproduktion ist die wissenschaftliche Weiterbildung. In diesem Artikel wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie wissenschaftliche Weiterbildung als Grenzstelle zwischen Universitäten und Unternehmen zu organisieren ist, damit gemeinsame Wissensarbeit ermöglicht wird. Weiterbildung wird dabei aus der Sicht der Organisationsforschung als Grenzstelle definiert, die zwei verschiedenen Handlungslogiken ausgesetzt ist: der Handlungslogik der scientific community und der Handlungslogik des Entscheidens aus dem Bereich der Unternehmen. „Experienced reflection“ als neue Form der Wissensarbeit könnte eine Antwort auf dieses Dilemma sein, welches sich aus den beiden Handlungslogiken ergibt. Anhand einiger Beispiele aus der Praxis wird die Analyse illustriert.
Die Wirkungen des Outsourcings von Personalfunktionen – ein Überblick über verschiedene theoretische Ansätze und Entwicklung eines umfassenden Wirkungssets/ Effects of the outsourcing of personnel functions – an overview of several theoretical approaches and development of a comprehensive set of effects
Authors: Alewell Dorothea , Bähring Katrin , Thommes Kirsten
Published: February 2016

Unternehmen, die über das Outsourcing von Personalfunktionen entscheiden, stehen vor einer komplexen Fragestellung, da mit dem Bezug extern erbrachter Personaldienstleistungen sehr unterschiedliche Wirkungen ausgelöst werden können. Diverse Theorieansätze machen Aussagen zu einzelnen Wirkungskategorien des Outsourcings. Jedoch gibt bisher kein Ansatz dem Entscheidungsträger in der Praxis eine umfassende Entscheidungshilfe. Hier setzt der vorliegende Artikel an: Aus Ansätzen zur zwischenbetrieblichen Arbeitsteilung wird ein umfassendes „Wirkungsset“ des Outsourcings von Personalfunktionen hergeleitet, welches sich als Checkliste relevanter Wirkungskategorien eignet und die Einseitigkeiten bisheriger Ansätze vermeidet.
Betriebliche Gentests zur Krankheitsvermeidung. Eine empirische Analyse relevanter Einsatzfaktoren/ Genetic testing at the workplace to protect illness. Empirical analysis of relevant operational factors
Authors: Pohl-Eckerstorfer Ingrid , Staffelbach Bruno
Published: February 2016

Mittels Gentests lassen sich Erkrankungsrisiken frühzeitig erkennen. Arbeitnehmenden bieten sie die Chance, eigene Krankheiten zu vermeiden, und Unternehmen die Möglichkeit, ihre krankheitsbedingten Kosten zu verringern. Der technische Aufwand und die Kosten für Gentests sind in den letzten Jahren erheblich gesunken. Personalverantwortliche befürchten aber, dass sie dem Unternehmensimage schaden könnten und schrecken daher vor ihrem Einsatz zurück. Um den Einsatz von Gentests zur Vermeidung von Krankheit im betrieblichen Kontext abschätzen zu können wurden knapp 200 Personalverantwortliche in der Schweiz befragt. Im folgenden Beitrag wird von Gentests als „freiwilligem Zusatz“ einer betrieblichen Gesundenuntersuchung bei bereits im Betrieb Beschäftigten ausgegangen.
Prekarität – was ist das?
Authors: Kraemer Klaus
Published: February 2016

In den Sozialwissenschaften wird vermehrt auf den Begriff der „Prekarität“ zurückgegriffen, um die Transformation der Arbeitsgesellschaft und ihre Auswirkungen auf die sozialen Arrangements von Erwerbsarbeit zu analysieren. In diesem Beitrag wird dafür plädiert, Prekarisierungsprozesse nicht nur auf der Ebene der Erwerbsarbeit zu untersuchen. Vielmehr wird ein mehrdimensionales Konzept skizziert, das ausgehend von der besonderen Bedeutung von Erwerbsarbeit weitere Dimensionen der Lebenslage einbezieht, um differenziertere Aussagen über Prekarisierung in Gegenwartsgesellschaften machen zu können. Im Einzelnen wird zwischen den Untersuchungsdimensionen Erwerbsstelle, Erwerbsverlauf und Lebenslage unterschieden. Hierbei wird gezeigt, dass Aussagen über das prekäre Potenzial einer Erwerbsarbeit nur bedingt Rückschlüsse auf die Prekarität der Erwerbs- und Lebenslage zulassen. Zugleich wird vorgeschlagen, systematischer zwischen Prekarität im Sinne einer negativen statistischen Abweichung von den sozialen Normalstandards eines geschützten Arbeitsverhältnisses und einer subjektiv wahrgenommenen, „gefühlten“ Prekarität zu unterscheiden. Diese Unterscheidung bietet die Möglichkeit, die Auswirkungen von Prekarisierung nicht nur an den Rändern der Arbeitsgesellschaft zu untersuchen, sondern auch in ihrer Mitte.
Ubiquitäres Computing und seine Auswirkungen auf die Industriearbeit
Authors: Lindner Ralf , Friedewald Michael
Published: February 2016

Ubiquitäres Computing (UbiComp) bezeichnet eine alles durchdringende Informatisierung und Vernetzung u.a. auch im Arbeitsleben. Es fügt sich in der industriellen Fertigung in die seit langem zu beobachtenden Trends der Rationalisierung und Flexibilisierung ein, beschleunigen diese und verstärken zum Teil deren Auswirkungen auf innerbetriebliche Prozesse. Mit Blick auf Tätigkeitsprofile und Qualifikationsanforderungen sind zwei gegenläufigen Folgen von UbiComp zu erwarten: Einerseits werden bestimmte Tätigkeiten in der industriellen Fertigung eine qualitative Anreicherung und Erweiterung erfahren, während andererseits erweiterte Möglichkeiten zur Automatisierung von einfachen Kontroll-, Überwachungs- und anderen manuellen Tätigkeiten bestehen. Für die Mehrzahl der verbleibenden Beschäftigten in der industriellen Fertigung ist zu vermuten, dass sich die Trends zur Arbeitsverdichtung, zur Vergrößerung der Arbeitszeitkorridore und des Verlustes an Zeitsouveränität im Zuge der Einführung von UbiComp weiter fortsetzen werden.
Zur Zukunftsfähigkeit des deutschen Berufsbildungssystems
Authors: Bosch Gerhard
Published: February 2016

Wegen der weiterhin hohen Attraktivität beruflicher Bildung expandierte die Hochschulausbildung in Deutschland im Unterschied zu anderen OECD-Ländern nur gering. Die offene Frage ist, ob der deutsche Sonderweg Bestand haben wird. Sinnvolle Aussagen auf diese Frage sind nur unter Berücksichtigung der Veränderungen in der Gesamtarchitektur des Bildungssystems und seiner Beziehungen zum Arbeitsmarkt möglich. In diesem Artikel werden die Schnittstellen der dualen Berufsausbildung zur Schule, zu konkurrierenden Parallelstrukturen der schulischen Ausbildung, zur Weiterbildung und zur Hochschulbildung untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Berufsausbildung modernisiert und zukunftsfähig geworden ist. Sie wird allerdings durch die Herausbildung einer neuen „Unterklasse“ im nicht reformierten Schulsystem sowie durch unzureichende Verknüpfung mit Weiter- und Hochschulausbildung gefährdet. Es werden Reformschritte aufgezeigt, die für die deutsche Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zentrale duale Berufsausbildung zu erhalten und zu verbessern.
Flexible Beschäftigung und soziale Ungleichheit – Eine Synthese des Stands der Forschung
Authors: Lengfeld Holger , Kleiner Tuuli-Marja
Published: February 2016

Unter Arbeitsmarktforschern gilt als unbestritten, dass die Flexibilisierung von Beschäftigungsverhältnissen in Deutschland seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre zu einem Wandel von sozialer Ungleichheit beigetragen hat. Wie sich dieser Wandel vollzogen hat, wird in Form eines Review-Beitrags dargelegt. Im Zentrum stehen vier Typen numerisch-flexibler Arbeitsverhältnisse: Vertragsbefristung, Leiharbeit, Teilzeitarbeit und Mini- bzw. Midijob. Dargestellt werden Verbreitungsgrade, betroffene Erwerbspersonen und Effekte auf die Verteilung von Lebenschancen. Der Vergleich der vier Beschäftigungstypen zeigt, dass Flexibilisierung heterogene Wirkungen hervorruft. Für die meisten betroffenen Beschäftigten bringen flexible Jobs erhöhte Risiken im Erwerbsverlauf mit sich. Sie wirken sich besonders negativ auf die Lebenschancen von gering gebildeten bzw. beruflich gering qualifizierten Beschäftigten, älteren Arbeitnehmern und Berufseinsteigern aus. Zugleich ermöglicht Beschäftigungsflexibilisierung für manche Erwerbspersonengruppen unter bestimmten Bedingungen auch Vorteile. Dabei haben jene Beschäftigungsformen im Zeitverlauf den größten Zuwachs erfahren, die den Erwerbspersonen begrenzte Flexibilisierungsgewinne ermöglichen.
Beitrag partizipativer Aspekte der Arbeitsgestaltung und des Wissensaustausches zum Innovationserfolg
Authors: Klippert Jürgen , Potzner Christiane , Wölk Monique
Published: February 2016

Der Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse der zweiten Phase eines Forschungsprojektes dar, das den Zusammenhang zwischen Innovationserfolg und direkten sowie repräsentativen Partizipationsmöglichkeiten von Beschäftigten in Unternehmen untersucht. In der Basiserhebung (n=529) wurde der grundsätzliche Zusammenhang zwischen Partizipationsmöglichkeiten und Innovationserfolgen bereits statistisch signifikant nachgewiesen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Wirkungszusammenhang, den Partizipation sowie beteiligungsorientierter Wissens- und Informationsaustausch bilden, anhand einer Befragung von Beschäftigtenvertretungen (n=51) aus den Unternehmen die auf die Basisbefragung geantwortet haben, näher analysiert. Es wird ein Modell des Wirkungszusammenhangs Partizipation und Innovation entwickelt, das die Faktoren „Handlungs- und Entscheidungsspielräume“, „Kooperationsintensität zwischen Betriebsrat und Unternehmensleitung“, „Umgang mit Wissen“ und „Durchlässigkeit von Wissen im Betrieb“ berücksichtigt.
Zeitarbeitnehmer als Beschäftigte zweiter Klasse? Perspektiven zur sozialen Differenzierung in Betrieben / Agency workers as second-class workers? Perspectives on social differentiation in companies
Authors: Alewell Dorothea , Benkhoff Birgit
Published: February 2016

Abstracts

Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass Zeitarbeitnehmer nicht nur gezwungen sind, nachteilige Arbeitsbedingungen hinzunehmen, sie erleben im Gefolge ihrer Diskriminierung auch einen sozialen Statusverlust. Auf der Grundlage einer Gelegenheitsstichprobe von insgesamt 157 Interviews sowohl mit Leiharbeitnehmern und Stammmitarbeitern als auch Führungskräften aus Einsatzunternehmen, Personaldienstleistern und Personaldienstleisterverbänden werden die gebräuchlichen Kriterien für die soziale Einordnung abgeleitet. Die Zitate illustrieren auch die abweichende Behandlung von Leiharbeitnehmern und Motive hinter deren Benachteiligung.
Flexibilität und Verfügbarkeit durch Rufbereitschaft – die Folgen für Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden/ Achieving flexibility and availability through on-call work. The impact on health and well-being
Authors: Vahle-Hinz Tim , Bamberg Eva
Published: February 2016

Ein zunehmend wichtiges Anliegen von Unternehmen ist es, zeitnah auf Nachfragen zu reagieren. Erwerbstätige sollen im Rahmen von Rufbereitschaft bei Bedarf verfügbar sein. Rufbereitschaft ist eine Art Hindergrunddienst, der den Arbeitnehmer dazu verpflichtet, auf Abruf die Arbeit aufzunehmen. Sie können sich an einem Ort ihrer Wahl aufhalten, müssen diesen aber dem Arbeitgeber mitteilen oder vom Arbeitgeber jederzeit erreichbar sein. Rufbereitschaft erfolgt für festzulegende Phasen im Rahmen eines Arbeitsverhältnisses (Bundesarbeitsgericht, 2000). Auf Grundlage der wenigen Literatur zur Wirkung von Rufbereitschaft, lassen sich Hinweise ableiten, dass Rufbereitschaft mit erhöhtem Stress, Beeinträchtigung des Schlafs und der psychischen Gesundheit einhergeht (Nicol/Botterill 2004). Allerdings weisen die Studien zum Teil zahlreiche Mängel auf. Sie wurden zumeist im Querschnittsdesign durchgeführt, Verlaufsstudien bilden die Ausnahme. Häufig bleibt unklar, was mit Rufbereitschaft (engl. on-call) gemeint ist. Die Verwendung dieses Begriffes ist vor allem international uneinheitlich (vgl. Carley 2007).In dem Beitrag soll in einem Review die bisherige Forschung zum Themenbereich Rufbereitschaft systematisiert werden und um eigene Forschungsergebnisse ergänzt werden.