bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic adaptations of sea anemone to hydrothermal environment
Authors: Zhou Yang , Liu Helu , Feng Chenguang , Lu Zaiqing , Liu Jun , Huang Yanan , Tang Huanhuan , Xu Zehui , Pu Yujin , Zhang Haibin
Published: October 2023

Hydrothermal vent habitats are characterized by high hydrostatic pressure, darkness, and the continuous release of toxic metal ions into the surrounding environment where sea anemones and other invertebrates thrive. Nevertheless, the understanding of metazoan metal ion tolerances and environmental adaptations remains limited. We assembled a chromosome-level genome for the vent sea anemone,Alvinactis idsseensissp. nov. Comparative genomic analyses revealed gene family expansions and gene innovations inA. idsseensissp. nov. as a response to high concentrations of metal ions. Impressively, the metal tolerance proteinsMTPsis a unique evolutionary response to the high concentrations of Fe2+and Mn2+present in the environments of these anemones. We also found genes associated with high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids that may respond to high hydrostatic pressure and found sensory and circadian rhythm–regulated genes that were essential for adaptations to darkness. Overall, our results provide insights into metazoan adaptation to metal ions, high pressure, and darkness in hydrothermal vents.
Gender and retention patterns among U.S. faculty
Authors: Spoon Katie , LaBerge Nicholas , Wapman K. Hunter , Zhang Sam , Morgan Allison C. , Galesic Mirta , Fosdick Bailey K. , Larremore Daniel B. , Clauset Aaron
Published: October 2023

Women remain underrepresented among faculty in nearly all academic fields. Using a census of 245,270 tenure-track and tenured professors at United States–based PhD-granting departments, we show that women leave academia overall at higher rates than men at every career age, in large part because of strongly gendered attrition at lower-prestige institutions, in non-STEM fields, and among tenured faculty. A large-scale survey of the same faculty indicates that the reasons faculty leave are gendered, even for institutions, fields, and career ages in which retention rates are not. Women are more likely than men to feel pushed from their jobs and less likely to feel pulled toward better opportunities, and women leave or consider leaving because of workplace climate more often than work-life balance. These results quantify the systemic nature of gendered faculty retention; contextualize its relationship with career age, institutional prestige, and field; and highlight the importance of understanding the gendered reasons for attrition rather than focusing on rates alone.
Challenges and strategies for commercialization and widespread practical applications of superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Li Lingxiao , Wei Jinfei , Zhang Junping , Li Bucheng , Yang Yanfei , Zhang Jiaojiao
Published: October 2023

Superhydrophobic (SH) surfaces have progressed rapidly in fundamental research over the past 20 years, but their practical applications lag far behind. In this perspective, we first present the findings of a survey on the current state of SH surfaces including fundamental research, patenting, and commercialization. On the basis of the survey and our experience, this perspective explores the challenges and strategies for commercialization and widespread practical applications of SH surfaces. The comprehensive performances, preparation methods, and application scenarios of SH surfaces are the major constraints. These challenges should be addressed simultaneously, and the actionable strategies are provided. We then highlight the standard test methods of the comprehensive performances including mechanical stability, impalement resistance, and weather resistance. Last, the prospects of SH surfaces in the future are discussed. We anticipate that SH surfaces may be widely commercialized and used in practical applications around the year 2035 through combination of the suggested strategies and input from both academia and industry.
Dectin-1/CARD9 induction of the TFEB and TFE3 gene network is dispensable for phagocyte anti-
Aspergillus
activity in the lung
Authors: Aufiero Mariano A. , Shlezinger Neta , Gjonbalaj Mergim , Mills Kathleen A. M. , Ballabio Andrea , Hohl Tobias M.
Published: October 2023

Myeloid phagocytes of the respiratory immune system, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and alveolar macrophages, are essential for immunity to
Aspergillus fumigatus
, the most common etiologic agent of mold pneumonia worldwide. Following the engulfment of
A. fumigatus
conidia, fusion of the phagosome with the lysosome is a critical process for killing conidia. TFEB and TFE3 are transcription factors that regulate lysosomal biogenesis under stress and are activated by inflammatory stimuli in macrophages, but it is unknown whether TFEB and TFE3 contribute to anti-
Aspergillus
immunity during infection. We found that lung neutrophils express TFEB and TFE3, and their target genes were upregulated during
A. fumigatus
lung infection. In addition,
A. fumigatus
infection induced nuclear accumulation of TFEB and TFE3 in macrophages in a process regulated by Dectin-1 and CARD9. Genetic deletion of
Tfeb
and
Tfe3
impaired macrophage killing of
A. fumigatus
conidia. However, in a murine immune-competent
Aspergillus
infection model with genetic deficiency of
Tfeb
and
Tfe3
in hematopoietic cells, we surprisingly found that lung myeloid phagocytes had no defects in conidial phagocytosis or killing. Loss of TFEB and TFE3 did not impact murine survival or clearance of
A. fumigatus
from the lungs. Our findings indicate that myeloid phagocytes activate TFEB and TFE3 in response to
A. fumigatus
, and while this pathway promotes macrophage fungicidal activity
in vitro
, genetic loss can be functionally compensated in the lung, resulting in no measurable defect in fungal control and host survival.
Blocking of doublecortin-like kinase 1-regulated SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle restores cell signaling network
Authors: Undi Ram Babu , Ahsan Nagib , Larabee Jason L. , Darlene-Reuter Nicole , Papin James , Dogra Samrita , Hannafon Bethany N. , Bronze Michael S. , Houchen Courtney W. , Huycke Mark M. , Ali Naushad
Published: October 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to fatal outcomes for subgroups of patients with pre-existing co-morbidities. We previously reported a significant association between high expression levels of a cancer stem cell protein, doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), in the lungs and macrophages of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herein, we demonstrate a pivotal role of DCLK1 in the viral replication cycle and the dysregulation of cell signaling that contributes to SARS-CoV-2 pathology. Through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated DCLK1 knockout and inhibition of its kinase using a small molecule kinase inhibitor of DCLK1 (DCLK1-IN-1), we effectively blocked the viral replication-transcription processes. Furthermore, DCLK1 inhibition reversed the virus-induced positive and/or negative modulation of the cellular interactome and signaling pathways. We observed a decrease in the phosphorylation of a serine/arginine-rich region in the nucleocapsid protein, which regulates viral replication and packaging, upon treatment with DCLK1-IN-1. In a murine model of COVID-19, intranasal inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 induced severe lung pathology accompanied by increased DCLK1 expression, high titers of viral genomic and subgenomic RNAs, and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha). Remarkably, treatment of infected mice with DCLK1-IN-1 reduced viral RNAs, downregulated inflammatory cytokines, restored normal cell signaling pathways, and improved lung pathology. In conclusion, our findings underscore the crucial role of DCLK1 in SARS-CoV-2 pathology and suggest it as a promising target for therapeutic intervention.

IMPORTANCE

Severe COVID-19 and post-acute sequelae often afflict patients with underlying co-morbidities. There is a pressing need for highly effective treatment, particularly in light of the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants. In a previous study, we demonstrated that DCLK1, a protein associated with cancer stem cells, is highly expressed in the lungs of COVID-19 patients and enhances viral production and hyperinflammatory responses. In this study, we report the pivotal role of DCLK1-regulated mechanisms in driving SARS-CoV-2 replication-transcription processes and pathogenic signaling. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of DCLK1 kinase during SARS-CoV-2 effectively impedes these processes and counteracts virus-induced alternations in global cell signaling. These findings hold significant potential for immediate application in treating COVID-19.
AdvanTIG-105: a phase I dose escalation study of the anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody ociperlimab in combination with tislelizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Frentzas Sophia , Kao Steven , Gao Rang , Zheng Hao , Rizwan Ahsan , Budha Nageshwar , de la Hoz Pedroza Luz , Tan Wei , Meniawy Tarek
Published: October 2023

Background

Ociperlimab, a novel, humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb), binds to T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains (TIGIT) with high affinity and specificity. Tislelizumab is an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 mAb. We report results from a phase I, first-in-human, dose escalation study evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and preliminary antitumor activity of ociperlimab plus tislelizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods

Eligible patients previously treated with standard systemic therapy, or for whom treatment was not available or tolerated, received ociperlimab intravenously on Cycle (C) 1 Day (D) 1 and tislelizumab 200 mg intravenously on C1 D8. If tolerated, patients received ociperlimab plus tislelizumab 200 mg sequentially on D29 and every 3 weeks (Q3W) thereafter until discontinuation. Dose escalation for ociperlimab was planned with four dose levels (50 mg, 150 mg, 450 mg, and 900 mg) according to a 3+3 design. An additional dose level of ociperlimab 1800 mg was also assessed. Primary endpoints were safety, determination of the maximum tolerated (or administered) dose, and the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), duration of response (DoR), disease control rate (DCR) (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1), PK, and biomarker analysis.

Results

At data cut-off (September 29, 2022), 32 patients had received ≥1 dose of ociperlimab plus tislelizumab 200 mg Q3W. The maximum administered dose was ociperlimab 1800 mg plus tislelizumab 200 mg Q3W. The median age of enrolled patients was 59.5 years (range: 31–79). Most patients (96.9%) experienced ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE); 62.5% of patients experienced ≥grade 3 TEAEs and 50.0% of patients experienced serious TEAEs. No dose limiting toxicity events were reported. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached. The RP2D was ociperlimab 900 mg plus tislelizumab 200 mg Q3W. Overall, ORR was 10.0%, median DoR was 3.6 months, and DCR was 50.0%.

Conclusions

Ociperlimab plus tislelizumab was well tolerated in patients with advanced solid tumors, and preliminary antitumor activity was observed with 450 mg, 900 mg, and 1800 mg ociperlimab. Phase II/III trials of ociperlimab 900 mg plus tislelizumab 200 mg Q3W are underway in a range of solid tumors.

Trial registration number

NCT04047862.
UK media responses to HIV through the lens of COVID-19: a study of multidirectional memory
Authors: Pheasant-Kelly Frances
Published: October 2023

This article proposes correlations and parallels in UK newsprint media coverage of the COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS pandemics through engagement with Michael Rothberg’s model of multidirectional memory. It achieves this via qualitative and quantitative analysis of newsprint media during selected timelines of the respective outbreaks. Although the COVID-19 outbreak, which originated in Wuhan, China in 2019 and spread globally, has prompted reference to a number of previous traumatic events, including 9/11 and the Holocaust, one might contend that it correlates most closely with HIV/AIDS given the latter’s ongoing nature and worldwide reach. COVID-19, having infected 629 million people since December 2019 with 6.5 million deaths by November 2022, still presents a global threat through which we might read the trauma of HIV, a disease that has thus far seen 32.7 million deaths and has infected 75.7 million people worldwide. This relationship exists despite the fact that the two viruses and their effects differ markedly: HIV is a retrovirus, has a long incubation time, is transmitted via bodily fluids, has a low risk of infectivity via everyday contact and, to date, no fully effective vaccine has been developed. Contrastingly, COVID-19 is a coronavirus, has a short incubation time, is transmitted via contact and airborne respiratory aerosols, has a high risk of infectivity via everyday contact, and investment in vaccine development has been significant, with several vaccines now successfully developed. Nonetheless, while the two viruses and their prognoses are quite different and government strategies have followed highly divergent trajectories, certain parallels are apparent to the extent that one might read HIV/AIDS through the lens of COVID-19. It is therefore argued here that the connections between these two traumatic events constitute what Rothberg terms ‘multidirectional memory’ whereby we understand one traumatic event through another.
Creating comics, songs and poems to make sense of decolonising the curriculum: a collaborative autoethnography patchwork
Authors: Al-Jawad Muna , Chawla Gaurish , Singh Neil
Published: October 2023

Decolonising the curriculum is a complex endeavour, with the potential to cause harm as well as benefit. People doing the work might find themselves questioning their personal and political identities and motives, it is common for people to get disillusioned. While surveys and toolkits are important to help us start the work, we are interested in finding out how decolonising practices can be sustained. We believe to practise meaningfully in this area we need to understand ourselves as practitioners, make sense of the work and have deep connections with colleagues and possibly our institutions.

This research uses collaborative autoethnography; our personal experiences, reflected through the lenses of each other’s point of view; to help us know ourselves and make sense of our practice. We also show how art, in the form of comics, poems and a song, can be used to deepen our research by adding meaning, connection and joy. We present this research as a patchwork text of writing, art and conversations. Our work is underpinned by theory, particularly drawing on Sara Ahmed and bell hooks. It is produced by the three of us to illuminate the process of decolonising a curriculum. We see this paper as part of our collective resistance: resistance to colonialism, to scientism and to inhumanity. We hope you will find resonances with your practice, and perhaps discover new ways to find meaning and connections.
Influence of landscape position and climatic seasonality on soil water and gas conductivity properties in agricultural soils
Authors: Widurska I. , Frey S.K. , Lapen D.R. , Rudolph D.L.
Published: October 2023

Agricultural landscape management and climate seasonality can influence soil structure, hydraulic conductivity, and air permeability within the context of soil water and soil gas mobility. To investigate this, in situ and laboratory-based data were collected from three agricultural landscape positions within a watershed in eastern Ontario, Canada during a growing season. Macropore classification, water infiltration tests, and air permeability measurements were conducted in situ and standard soil characterizations were carried out on soil samples. Hydraulic conductivity of the soil matrix, based on grain size data, indicated that the highest values were consistently measured in the B horizon at each landscape setting. Macropores were found to be more abundant within uncultivated drainage ditch bank soils, compared to the adjacent cropped fields. Macropores in the ditch bank soils were exclusively consisted of circular biopores, while both circular and linear macropores were observed in the cultivated field soils. Air permeability, vertical hydraulic conductivity, and horizontal hydraulic conductivity were also greater in the uncultivated soils, relative to the cultivated soils. Field saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements offered evidence of anisotropy, likely due to the vertical nature of the macropore features. Macropore disposition and extent varied over the growing season, especially in the cultivated field soils where tillage and field trafficking are physically disruptive. Seasonality of macropore development will influence temporal changes in advection-based mass exchange of gas and water in the vadose zone. Modeling of mass exchange in agricultural soils should consider time variability in macroporosity to more realistically characterize infiltration and soil gas emissions.
Nonperturbative particle production and differential geometry
Authors: Matsuda Tomohiro
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a basic method for understanding the stationary particle production on manifolds by means of the Stokes phenomenon. We studied the Stokes phenomena of the Schwinger effect, the Unruh effect and Hawking radiation in detail focusing on the origin of their continuous particle production. We found a possibility that conventional calculations may not explain the experimental results.
Cumulative activity of inelastic events under hadron collisions
Authors: Troshin S. M. , Tyurin N. E.
Published: October 2023

We introduce the notion of cumulative activity for inelastic events generated under hadron collisions, and discuss its energy dependence and connection with the reflective scattering mode. These issues are relevant for enlightening the asymptotic dynamics in view of the LHC measurements.
AN INVESTIGATION ON MICROSTRUCTURES, MECHANICAL AND WEAR BEHAVIOR OF LASER-CLADDED INCONEL 625 AND NIMONIC 90 OVER NIMONIC 90 SUBSTRATE
Authors: PRABAKARAN T. , KUMAR D. RAJ , VIJAYAN K. , GANESH K. MADHAN MUTHU , THAMIZHVALAVAN P.
Published: October 2023

The wrought nickel–chromium–cobalt Nimonic 90 alloy is widely used in turbine blades, piston rings and forged tools due to their high stress-rupture strength and creep resistance up to 920∘C. The application components showed unavoidable wear behaviors at high loads due to the reduced resistance of the components. Hence, in order to increase the wear resistance of this alloy, Inconel 625 and Nimonic 90 particle depositions have been carried out on Nimonic 90 substrate through the laser-cladding techniques to study the microstructure, mechanical and tribological behaviors of alloys. The phases, microstructure and microhardness of the claddings were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and hardness test, respectively. Results showed that the mean thickness of the interfacial layer of Inconel 625 and Nimonic 90 was 18.51 ± 4 [Formula: see text]m and 90.68 ± 7 [Formula: see text]m, respectively. The microstructure of the cladding surfaces resulted in dendritic and interdendritic structures. An overall analysis found that the gamma-Ni and hard laves phases were presented in Inconel 625 and Nimonic 90 clad surfaces, respectively. Nimonic 90 clad surface had a high hardness and wear resistance compared with Inconel 625 clad surface and substrate due to the present hard laves phase. Besides, the roughness of the Nimonic 90 clad surface was lower compared with the Inconel 625 clad surface and substrate.
STRUCTURES, ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES AND DIPOLE MAGNITUDES OF TMWn−1O3n AND TM2Wn−2O3n (TM = Ni, Pd AND Pt; n=2−6) CLUSTERS
Authors: LI ZHI , WU ZI-HAO
Published: October 2023

Transition metal substitution can expand the applications of tungsten oxides in chemical sensors, catalysts, and other fields. In order to highlight the effect of TM substitution on the electronic properties of tungsten oxide clusters, the configurations, electronic properties and dipole magnitudes of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (TM = Ni, Pd and Pt; [Formula: see text]) clusters have been investigated via the density functional theory. The structures of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] clusters inherit those of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] = 2–6) clusters to some extent except for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] clusters. [Formula: see text] clusters exhibit higher thermodynamic stability than the other [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] clusters. [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] clusters display more kinetically stable than adjacent [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] clusters. The Mülliken charge transfer amount of [Formula: see text] clusters is more than that of other [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] clusters except for [Formula: see text] clusters.
EFFECT OF ARB PROCESS ON WEAR RESISTANCE, PLAN STRESS FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND FORMING LIMIT DIAGRAMS OF LAMINATED Al/SiC COMPOSITES
Authors: ALI EYHAB , FATAH ABDUL NASSER MAHMOOD , ALAWADI AHMED , ALHASSAN MUATAZ S. , NADERIAN F.
Published: October 2023

In this study, liquid casting process is used to fabricate AA1050/SiC composites. To increase the wettability of molten Al and improve the adhesion of particles to metallic matrix, liquid casting was selected as the fabrication process. AA1050 and Nano-SiC particles were selected as metallic matrix and reinforcements, respectively. Then, wear, mechanical properties, fracture toughness and forming limit diagram of (FLD) of aluminum composite samples have been investigated experimentally. To do this, AA1050/SiC composite strips with thickness of 1 mm have been fabricated up to eight ARB passes at 300∘C. The graining was investigated via optical microscopy (OM). The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of samples improved to 170 MPa registering 168% improvement than the initial monolithic sample. Also, the bonding quality among the layers improved by decreasing the thickness of layers at higher number of passes (increasing the plastic strain). SEM fracture surface morphology of samples after the tensile test showed that by increasing the ARB passes, shear ductile was the fracture mode. So, deep dimples are shrinking slowly relative to the annealed sample. The FLDs’ area dropped sharply for pass 1 and then improved at higher passes as the criterion of formability. Also, wear resistance of composite samples was better than monolithic sample. Moreover, at the 10th pass, the fracture toughness enhanced to the maximum value of 33.5 MPam[Formula: see text].
“IS DECARBONIZATION PRICED IN?”—EVIDENCE ON THE CARBON RISK HYPOTHESIS FROM THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL LEAKAGE SHOCK
Authors: MUELLER LUKAS , RINGEL MARC , SCHIERECK DIRK
Published: October 2023

On November 29, 2019, 12 days before its announcement, information on the ambitions of the European Green Deal was leaked. The leakage should have triggered a Europe-wide systemic shock to financial markets without an accompanying announcement of supportive measures. Applying event study methodology to a sample of 600 European large and mid-cap stocks, we find that the overall market reaction was indeed significantly negative, albeit moderate. Abnormal returns gradually decline with increasing greenhouse gas emissions levels. Conversely, the official announcement emphasizing financial support and the green growth narrative did not ignite a positive market reaction. The results are largely robust in multivariate regressions. We conclude that market participants incorporate available emissions information into (short-term) reassessments after a significant change in environmental policy becomes known.
Dynamic Response Analysis of Ribbed Plate Resting on Viscoelastic Pasternak Foundation via MLS Meshless Method
Authors: Peng L. X. , He X. C. , Mei G. X. , Shen Y. J.
Published: October 2023

Ribbed plates are widely applied in the structures of subgrade and pavement in order to adapt to the increasingly complex moving loads and improve the bearing capacity of subgrade and pavement. The meshless methods are more flexible than the methods based on elements for some dynamic analysis of ribbed plate, such as free vibration, forced vibration and other fields. Based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and moving least-squares approximation (MLS), a meshless method for the dynamic response analysis of stiffened plate resting on viscoelastic Pasternak foundation is proposed in this paper. Additionally, the Newmark method is employed to solve the governing equation. Thereafter, several numerical examples of different boundary conditions, foundation coefficients, pulse loads, damping ratios and arrangement of stiffeners are calculated. The relative errors in the results obtained by comparing the present results to the finite element results or the literature solutions are all less than 5%, which demonstrates the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method in analyzing the dynamic properties of stiffened plate resting on viscoelastic Pasternak foundation. The present approach has advantages and potential for solving problems of complex rib layouts and structural optimization for ribbed plate resting on the foundation in engineering.
Super-biderivations and linear super-commuting maps on a super Virasoro type algebras
Authors: Hassan Omer , Elbukhari Abu Bakr
Published: October 2023

Let [Formula: see text] signify the super-Virasoro type algebra over the field of the complex numbers [Formula: see text]. This paper mainly shows that any super-skewsymmetric super-biderivations of the centerless super-Virasoro type algebras [Formula: see text] are inner super-biderivations. Then, we will show that any linear super commuting maps on the centerless super-Virasoro type algebras [Formula: see text] are standard.
Absolute length for some modular finite reflection groups
Authors: Ou Ke
Published: October 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a fixed prime and [Formula: see text] the finite field with [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text] In this paper, we investigate the absolute length function for certain reflection subgroups of the finite general linear group GL[Formula: see text] which are generalizations of Weyl groups of Cartan-type Lie algebras. An essential enumerative outcome is the computation of the number of elements with fixed length in the parabolic subgroup of GL[Formula: see text], where a generating function is employed.
Efficient Photocatalytic Activity of CoNPs@CN Under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Li Mingxiu , Ma Guanqun , Jiao Jianli , Zhang Qiaoyun , Li Dan , Liu Hongyan
Published: October 2023

We have prepared CoNPs@CN that cobalt nanoparticles(CoNPs) dispersed uniformly in the carbon matrix Composite (CN) via a facile and controllable method. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–V spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). CoNPs@CN exhibited favorable photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. The results of quenching and photoluminescence experiments reveal the generation of main active species (•OH and •O[Formula: see text] radicals). The producing mechanism of active species can be attributed to that CoNPs@CN absorb photons and generate photogenerated electrons through localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, then H2O and O2 in the solution react with the photogenerated hole and electrons to produce •OH and •O[Formula: see text] radicals.
Slosh Dynamics of the Seismically Excited Chamfered Bottom Tank with Bottom-Mounted Internal Object
Authors: Roy Sidhartha Sankar , Biswal Kishore Chandra
Published: October 2023

The inherent energy dissipation ability of the sloshing liquid is effective in vibration control of the supporting structure. Due to the advancement in the construction techniques in structural and mechanical fields, liquid containers of different geometrical configurations were required to avoid tank interference with rigid structural or mechanical components. The quantity of liquid that participates in the connective mode determines the effectiveness of the tuned liquid damper (TLD). To reduce the impulsive liquid mass and to increase the participation of liquid mass in the convective mode, a chamfered bottom tank with a bottom-mounted internal object is proposed in this study. A 2D finite element model developed employing the potential flow theory is used for the present numerical investigation. The effect of the frequency content of ground motion on the slosh dynamics of the chamfered bottom tank has been investigated under six different earthquake ground motions classified based on frequency contents. Also, the dynamic impulsive and convective components of base shear force and hydrodynamic pressure are quantified successfully. A parametric study has been performed to quantify the influence of the bottom-mounted object on the seismic response by altering the object’s height. The developed numerical model in this study can be utilized for tuning and designing structure-coupled chamfered bottom TLDs as well as the irregular liquid containers with internal submerged components.
The uncertainty principle generalization for a connected semi-simple Lie group
Authors: Yaremenko Mykola
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we are establishing the generalized variant of the Hardy theorem, which states that for [Formula: see text] a separable Hilbert space, [Formula: see text] a connected semi-simple Lie group with a Haar measure [Formula: see text] a unitary representation of [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] a dual measure on [Formula: see text], if inequalities [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] hold for [Formula: see text], then the function [Formula: see text] must equal zero almost for all [Formula: see text].
Nearness isomorphisms of the nearness groups
Authors: Ali Öztürk Mehmet
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this paper is to describe the nearness homomorphisms and the canonical nearness epimorphism of the nearness groups and to investigate their basic properties. It is also to form the substructure to give the nearness isomorphism theorems of the nearness groups.
Performance analysis of groundwater quality index models for predicting water district in Tamil Nadu using regression techniques
Authors: Anitha Mary X , Sharma Bhisham , Johnson I. , Chalmers J , Karthik C , Chowdhury Subrata
Published: October 2023

The widespread utilization of groundwater in various sectors, including households for drinking purposes and the agricultural and industrial domains, has elevated its status as an indispensable and crucial natural resource. Groundwater has seen significant changes in both quantity and quality factors. Water Quality Index (WQI), which is dependent on a number of factors, is still a crucial gauge of water quality (WQ) and a key component of efficient water management. If there is an automated method for forecasting WQ, the administration will benefit. The main goal of this project is to develop a machine learning (ML) model to forecast the quality of groundwater in several areas of Tamil Nadu (TN), India. The available dataset encompasses comprehensive data groundwater attributes, encompassing parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca[Formula: see text], magnesium (Mg[Formula: see text], sodium (Na[Formula: see text], bicarbonate (HCO[Formula: see text], nitrate (NO[Formula: see text], sulfate (SO[Formula: see text], and chloride (Cl[Formula: see text]. In this study, various ML regression algorithms such as linear, least angle, random forest and support vector regressor models and their comparison with the ensemble model (EM) were depicted to predict WQI, and the results were evaluated using performance metrics. It is found that the EM has a lower RMSE in the order of [Formula: see text]. Further, the predicted WQI values are used to classify the districts of TN.
Analyzing hall current effects and fractional order nonlocal theory on plane wave reflection in a rotating isotropic medium
Authors: Ali Hashmat , Bibi Farhat , Azhar Ehtsham , Jamal Muhammad
Published: October 2023

This research focuses on studying the influence of the Hall current on the propagation and reflection of elastic waves in a non-local isotropic rotating solid. The dispersion relation is derived to determine the speed of propagation, revealing the presence of three coupled quasi-waves within the solid: coupled qP-wave, qT-wave and qSV-wave. The rotational motion and the Hall current introduce anisotropic characteristics to the medium, leading to the emergence of quasi-type waves. The rotation disrupts the isotropic nature of the solid, transforming it into an anisotropic medium. Consequently, the purely longitudinal and transverse waves are converted into quasi-longitudinal and quasi-transverse waves. The speed of the propagating waves is dependent on specific elastic parameters. By employing free boundary conditions, the mathematical calculation and graphical representation of wave amplitude ratios are determined. The influence of rotational frequency, non-locality, fractional order and Hall current parameters on the computed results is investigated. The conservation of energy validates the accuracy of the obtained results. Furthermore, it is observed that the previously reported results in the literature can be obtained as a special case when rotation and the Hall current are absent.
DOES BREXIT MATTER FOR FIRMS’ INNOVATION?
Authors: PICHLER FLAVIO , PISERÀ STEFANO
Published: October 2023

Investigating the effects of Brexit on firms’ innovation behavior is pivotal to understand future possible economic growth and welfare effects of such policy decisions in the UK. By applying a difference-in-difference (DID) methodology on a sample of 2846 firm-year observations from 2013 to 2018, we address this question observing a decrease in UK firms’ research and development expenses compared to European firms. Specifically, we observe an R&D decrease of UK firms of about 10%, and of about 1.3% compared to EU firms. Our results offer important evidence for policymakers and UK regulators, warning on the future detrimental impact of Brexit on UK firms’ innovation policies.
Traditional Chinese medicine increased the effects of Western medicine on anti-COVID19: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Hu Jihong , Wang Shuxia , Wang Zhiqian , Cao Liangjia , Ma Mingyan , Chen Xuelian , Ding Fengfeng
Published: October 2023

Background: COVID-19 outbreak spread in China and is a threat to the world. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat various symptoms and diseases in China and has been demonstrated to be effective. Chinese Medicine may be beneficial in the treatment of COVID-19. So we updated a meta-analysis to fully evaluate the strength of evidence supporting Chinese Medicine treatment for COVID-19.

Methods: Six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, CBM and CNKI) were searched until 12 September 2023. The Cochrane bias risk tool was used for risk evaluation and JADAD scale for assessing the quality. Meta-analysis was carried out by Stata 15.1. Begg’s test was used for publication bias.

Results: A total of 4128 COVID-19 patients in 38 eligible RCT studies were included. Compared with Western medicine alone, integrated TCM significantly shortened the duration of fever [[Formula: see text], 95%CI (−1.28, −0.99)] and length of hospitalization [[Formula: see text], 95%CI (−3.23, −2.06)] and nucleic acid turning negative time [[Formula: see text], 95%CI (−2.97, −1.50)] and reduced the severity illness rate [[Formula: see text], 95%CI (0.29, 0.57)] and improved CT changes [OR = 2.21, 95%CI (1.78, 2.74)] and a series of clinical symptoms including fever [[Formula: see text], 95%CI (1.42, 2.65)], cough [[Formula: see text], 95%CI (1.71, 3.25)], fatigue [[Formula: see text], 95%CI (1.50, 2.90)], muscle pain [[Formula: see text], 95%CI(1.65, 13.68)], expectoration [[Formula: see text], 95%CI (1.60, 5.20)], breathless [[Formula: see text], 95%CI (3.10, 13.17)], chest distress [[Formula: see text], 95%CI (1.20, 3.18)], dyspnea [[Formula: see text], 95%CI (1.65, 16.76)] of COVID-19.

Conclusion: TCM could be a complementary medicine to improve COVID-19.
Is TinyML Sustainable?
Authors: Prakash Shvetank , Stewart Matthew , Banbury Colby , Mazumder Mark , Warden Pete , Plancher Brian , Reddi Vijay Janapa
Published: October 2023

Assessing the environmental impacts of machine learning on microcontrollers.
Welcome to AI Matters 9(3)
Authors: Yao Ziyu , Karpatne Anuj
Published: October 2023

Welcome to the third issue of this year's AI Matters Newsletter. In this issue, we will summarize the achievement of SIGAI in the past year (July 1, 2022 --- August 30, 2023). This annual report will highlight some of the many activities we have completed as a SIG, hoping to provide inspiration for members who wish to get more involved. This issue will also highlight the "AI Policy Matters" column by Dr. Larry Medsker at George Washington University. In this column, Dr. Medsker summarized an update on the ACM US Technology Policy Committee (USTPC) and introduced the TechBrief series at ACM. We welcome blog comments from everyone! Finally, we will end the issue with a conference report by Dr. Louise A. Dennis.
SIGCSE Technical Symposium 2024: Blazing New Trails in CS Education
Authors: Stephenson Ben , Stone Jeffrey
Published: October 2023

The 2024 SIGCSE Technical Symposium will take place in Portland, Oregon from March 20 to 23, 2024. This year the SIGCSE community will be returning to the Oregon Convention Center after the unfortunate last minute cancellation of our 2020 symposium. The symposium will also continue to offer an online attendance option for those who are unable to attend in person. We look forward to a spirited symposium where everyone can learn about the latest advancements in computer science education. This year's conference theme is "Blazing New Trails in CS Education." It is a theme that is intentionally broad while simultaneously capturing this community's ongoing efforts to teach in innovative ways that have a positive effect on student learning.
Koli Calling 2023 Invitation
Authors: Mühling Andreas , Jormanainen Ilkka
Published: October 2023

We once more warmly invite you to attend the 23rd Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research (Koli Calling 2023), to be held both online, 13-14 November 2023 and in Koli, Finland, 16-19 November 2023 in the beautiful Koli National Forest in Eastern Finland.
ICER 2023 Recap
Authors: Franklin Diana , Fisler Kathi , Denny Paul , Hamilton Margaret
Published: October 2023

The first hybrid North American ICER was held in Chicago, Illinois, USA, from August 7-11, 2023. A total of 194 participants attended ICER, including 172 physically and 22 virtually. Attendance was roughly split between students and professionals, with over 100 professionals and over 80 students. The program consisted of three full days due to a record number of papers, lightning talks, and poster sessions. This represented a more than 50% increase in the number of each type compared with last year.
The 2023 Humies Awards
Authors: Goodman Erik
Published: October 2023

The GECCO 2023 Conference was held in hybrid mode again this year. It was attended by more than 600 people on site in Lisbon, Portugal, plus more than 200 attending virtually. It was held July 15-19, with the finalists in the Humies competition presenting in a plenary session on Tuesday, July 18 that was attended by more than 150 people. Eight finalists presented their work in 10-minute talks, or, in one case, a pre-recorded video.
Conservation Genomics and Metagenomics of Giant and Red Pandas in the Wild
Authors: Hu Yisi , Hu Yibo , Zhou Wenliang , Wei Fuwen
Published: October 2023

Giant pandas and red pandas are endangered species with similar specialized bamboo diet and partial sympatric distribution in China. Over the last two decades, the rapid development of genomics and metagenomics research on these species has enriched our knowledge of their biology, ecology, physiology, genetics, and evolution, which is crucial and useful for their conservation. We describe the evolutionary history, endangerment processes, genetic diversity, and population structure of wild giant pandas and two species of red pandas (Chinese and Himalayan red pandas). In addition, we explore how genomics and metagenomics studies have provided insight into the convergent adaptation of pandas to the specialized bamboo diet. Finally, we discuss how these findings are applied to effective conservation management of giant and red pandas in the wild and in captivity to promote the long-term persistence of these species.
Diversity and Convergence of Sex-Determination Mechanisms in Teleost Fish
Authors: Kitano Jun , Ansai Satoshi , Takehana Yusuke , Yamamoto Yoji
Published: October 2023

Sexual reproduction is prevalent across diverse taxa. However, sex-determination mechanisms are so diverse that even closely related species often differ in sex-determination systems. Teleost fish is a taxonomic group with frequent turnovers of sex-determining mechanisms and thus provides us with great opportunities to investigate the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the turnover of sex-determining systems. Here, we compile recent studies on the diversity of sex-determination mechanisms in fish. We demonstrate that genes in the TGF-β signaling pathway are frequently used for master sex-determining (MSD) genes. MSD genes arise via two main mechanisms, duplication-and-transposition and allelic mutations, with a few exceptions. We also demonstrate that temperature influences sex determination in many fish species, even those with sex chromosomes, with higher temperatures inducing differentiation into males in most cases. Finally, we review theoretical models for the turnover of sex-determining mechanisms and discuss what questions remain elusive.
N-Doped Graphene Nanofibers with Porous Channel Comprising Fe

x

S

y

Nanocrystals and Intertwined N-Doped CNTs as Efficient Interlayers for Li-S Batteries
Authors: Kim Chan Sic , Saroha Rakesh , Cho Jung Sang
Published: October 2023

Hierarchically porous and conductive nanofibers (NFs) comprising nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) and iron sulfide (Fe

x

S

y

) nanocrystals along with highly intertwined nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) abbreviated as “P-rGO@Fe

x

S

y

/N-CNT NFs” were synthesized via electrospinning technique as multifunctional interlayers via coating on the commercial separator for stable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The porous N-rGO framework acts as a backbone to enhance the structural integrity of the nanostructure. The N-CNTs and N-rGO guarantee various conductive channels for quick electron transfer thus allowing fast redox reactions. The thermal breakdown of polystyrene (PS) resulted in the formation of continuous longitudinal channels. Correspondingly, the Li-S cell incorporating the P-rGO@Fe

x

S

y

/N-CNT NF-modified separator and S electrode (2.41 mg cm-2) exhibited boosted electrochemical properties such as justifiable rate capability and steady cycling performance (after 800 charge-discharge, cell exhibits a capacity of 464 mA h g-1 with 44% retention at 0.1 C). The novel synthesis strategy discussed herein will provide significant intuitions to the advancement of innovative nanostructures for different rechargeable purposes.
Irisin and Cardiometabolic Disorders in Obesity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pinho-Jr Jorge da Silva , Camacho Flávio Andrade , Cavararo Carollyne dos Santos , Baião Paula Ferreira , Medeiros Renata Frauches , Barroso Sérgio Girão , Matos Andrea Cardoso de
Published: October 2023

Background. Overweight and obesity are global health issues, impacting a significant portion of young adults. Obesity is a complex condition influenced by genetics and environmental factors, leading to increased susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Irisin, a protein derived from the cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5, may have relationship with these cardiometabolic diseases. Objective. This systematic review aims to examine the relationship between serum irisin levels and obesity, particularly in individuals predisposed to cardiovascular risk factors. Methods. A thorough literature search was conducted in multiple databases, including “Science Direct,” “Scopus,” “PubMed,” and “Lilacs,” from July 2020. Inclusion criteria encompassed subjects with metabolic disorders (with or without obesity, BMI ≥30 kg/m2), clinical trials, and observational studies published between 2010 and June 2020. Exclusion criteria were animal studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, studies evaluating only healthy subjects, and those investigating disorders beyond cardiometabolic diseases. Results. Out of 151 identified articles, 30 met the inclusion criteria. These studies, published between 2013 and 2020, assessed adults (≥21 years) and included 26 observational studies and 4 clinical trials (n = 7585 subjects). All studies examined irisin’s role in obesity and CVDs, often including associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Despite varying sample sizes, the samples within the articles were homogeneous. Observational studies exhibited a low risk of bias in at least 60% of the evaluated domains. Clinical trials demonstrated a low risk of bias in at least 50% of the domains. Limitations. Although the systematic review provides valuable insights, it is limited by the available literature and the varying methodologies used across studies. Conclusion. The review suggests that irisin plays a significant role as both a preventive measure and a biomarker for comorbidities linked to obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. Future research should focus on standardized irisin measurement methods and diverse populations to further elucidate its mechanisms of action.
Evaluation of the Retrospective LACE Index in Predicting the Risk of Readmission in Patients with Hereditary Angioedema in an Emergency Department
Authors: Songur Kodik Meltem , Inci Ozlem , Çetin Zeynep Dila , Mete Gokmen Emine Nihal , Karbek Akarca Funda
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to calculate the LACE index in patients who admitted to the emergency department (ED) with hereditary angioedema (HA) diagnosed and to predict recurrent admissions of patients. In this single-center study, patients aged 18 or higher who were admitted to the ED diagnosed with HA were included over a 12-year period. 35 patients diagnosed with code E88.0 were evaluated according to electronic file records. The number of admissions to the ED in the last 6 months was 2. The LACE index was 4, and risk was 71.4%. The patients admitted to the hospital in the last 30 days had a higher rate of admission to the hospital in the last 6 months (

p

 < 0.001). The LACE index at admission predicted 30 days admission with (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI (0.56–0.91)) acceptable discrimination. The LACE index and the number of admissions in the last 6 months included in the evaluation can be considered predictive in recurrent ED admissions of HA patients. However, the distribution of LACE-risk groups is no priority. Therefore, the low-, medium-, or high-risk level of LACE index values should be not taken into consideration in readmission of such patients.