bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Not as I Say/As I Do
Authors: George Lynell
Published: August 2013

Being Californian always seemed to hold some sort of different value when viewed from without. It was coded with something more than coordinates. Because its sheer size creates pockets and outposts, and because it is a cosmopolis, a tangled mix of tongues and deeply held outside allegiances (which make it very different from New Orleans), it casts a unique shadow, but I’ve come to realize that perhaps what it is to be Californian is as elusive as its accent.
Civics in the Suburbs
Authors: Vandehey Scott
Published: August 2013

This paper draws on extended fieldwork in San Diego County to show that suburban residents exhibit a particular set of rights-claims that they make specifically around their residence in their suburban community. These claims are largely made legitimate by homeownership and are based around maintenance of a perceived ideal lifestyle. In addition, I discuss the duties that suburban citizens feel bound to uphold. Residents of the community feel it is their duty to respect the perceived rights of others to maintain a safe, clean, and healthy community. A major focus of this suburban citizenship is an attempt to keep perceived threats away from the community. I illustrate that a suburban form of citizenship springs from a tension and uneasy synthesis between two competing conceptions of citizenship—one based on individual rights-claims and the other based on community membership and involvement.
Leon Patterson: An Athlete Dying Young
Authors: Haslam Gerald W.
Published: August 2013

A handsome blond, Leon Patterson looked like a picture of the California dream; more than a few of us yearned to be him. He was, however, the product of the California reality: poverty, toil, and grit. His family had struggled west from Arkansas searching for opportunities in the shadow of the Great Depression. The Pattersons were part of the larger, second wave of “Okies, Arkies, and Texies” who migrated during the 1940s. The Great Central Valley, at 15,000,000 acres about the size of Egypt, held the promise of at least seasonal work, even for unskilled laborers—especially at its larger southern end, called the San Joaquin Valley by locals. By World War II, the Valley had become one of the state’s economic engines, sustained by agribusiness, oil, and abundant cheap labor.
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Based Solar Cells and Modules on Textured Zinc Oxide Coated Glass Substrates
Authors: Rech Bernd , Müller Joachim , Repmann Tobias , Kluth Oliver , Roschek Tobias , Hüpkes Jürgen , Stiebig Helmut , Appenzeller Wolfgang
Published: August 2013

This paper addresses scientific and technological efforts to develop highly efficient silicon thin film solar modules on glass substrates. We present a comprehensive study of μc-Si:H p-i-n single junction and a-Si:H/μc-Si:H stacked solar cells prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) at 13.56 MHz excitation frequency. In the first step cell development was performed in a small area PECVD reactor showing the relationship between deposition process and resulting solar cell performance. Subsequent up-scaling to a substrate area of 30×30 cm2 confirmed the scalability to large area reactors. Moreover, we developed textured ZnO:Al films by sputtering and post deposition wet chemical etching as front contact TCO-material with excellent light scattering properties. A-Si:H/μc-Si:H tandem cells developed on this textured ZnO yielded stable efficiencies up to 11.2 % for a cell area of 1 cm2. First solar modules were prepared in our recently installed process technology, which includes PECVD, sputtering, texture etching and laser scribing on substrate sizes up to 30x30 cm2. Initial module efficiencies of 10.8 % and 10.1 % were achieved for aperture areas of 64 cm2 and 676 cm2, respectively.
Electronic Properties of Microcrystalline Silicon investigated by Photoluminescence Spectroscopy on Films and Devices
Authors: Carius R. , Merdzhanova T. , Finger F.
Published: August 2013

Photoluminescence spectroscopy has been applied to investigate localized states in microcrystal-line silicon (μc-Si:H) films and to address the problem of the changes of the electronic properties of this material upon changes of the hydrogen dilution during film growth. By a comparison of photoluminescence and Raman spectra on device grade sample series prepared at different silane concentration in hydrogen (SC) by PE-CVD and HW-CVD a correlation between the micro-structure and the photoluminescence energy is found. It is proposed that the density of band tail states is reduced with increasing SC leading to the increase of the PL energy as well as to the increase of Voc of solar cells. The reason for the tails and their reduction is not clear but strain might play a crucial role and the amorphous hydrogenated phase might be effective for strain reduction.
O pensamento de Marx sobre a subjetividade
Authors: Chagas Eduardo F.
Published: August 2013

O pensamento de Karl Marx sobre a subjetividade humana é pouco conhecido e divulgado na língua portuguesa, e, no Brasil, particularmente, carece ainda de um estudo amplo, explícito e sistemático. Meu artigo pretende esboçar uma reflexão mais completa de sua filosofia sobre a subjetividade humana, insistindo não somente na crítica, mas também, e especialmente, na compreensão da referida questão, a partir de uma leitura imanente e estrutural de suas obras, no original. Vale ainda ressaltar que minha investigação se apoia na conexão entre subjetividade e objetividade, entre sujeito e objeto, inquirindo se há um determinismo da objetividade sobre a subjetividade, ou seja, se essas duas determinações são contraditórias no interior do pensamento marxiano, comprometendo, pois, as suas reflexões acerca da crítica à filosofia especulativa de Hegel e ao empirismo da economia clássica, ou se, na verdade, tal conexão é o segredo recôndito de sua filosofia sobre a subjetividade humana.
Oscilações entre o reducionismo e o fisicalismo não-redutivo no naturalismo biológico de John Searle
Authors: Prata Tárik de Athayde , Lima Filho Maxwell Morais de
Published: August 2013

O artigo examina a concepção de Searle sobre a redução da consciência (em especial a sua teoria acerca de seus poderes causais), que se mostra obscura e incoerente. Porém, essa incoerência não é inevitável, pois o naturalismo biológico possui elementos que permitiriam a articulação de uma teoria mais clara a respeito das capacidades causais. O exame da teoria de Pereboom e Kornblith possibilita entender por que a afirmação de identidade das capacidades causais leva a um reducionismo. Essa teoria aponta um caminho promissor para que se possa aprimorar o naturalismo biológico.
Contribuição da avaliação dos sinais clínicos em pacientes com síndrome da dor patelofemural
Authors: Liporaci Rogério Ferreira , Saad Marcelo Camargo , Felício Lílian Ramiro , Baffa Augusto do Prado , Grossi Débora Bevilaqua
Published: August 2013

OBJETIVO: Como a síndrome da dor patelofemoral (SDPF) é uma desordem comum, caracterizada por etiologia multifatorial e o mais prevalente sintoma na SDPF é uma dor difusa e usualmente localizada na região retropatelar, entretanto, com sinais e sintomas que podem estar relacionados como pronação subtalar excessiva, torsão tibial externa, alterações no deslocamento patelar, amplitude de movimento do joelho dolorosa, dor nas bordas patelares, tensão muscular e alterações no ângulo quadricipital (ângulo Q), o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a frequência destes sinais e sintomas associados a um questionário de dor anterior no joelho. MÉTODOS: Trinta e nove voluntárias sedentárias foram avaliadas, divididas em dois grupos, SDPF (19) e controle (20). Estas voluntárias foram avaliadas quanto aos sinais e sintomas supracitados além da avaliação da dor por meio de questionário. RESULTADOS: Os resultados demonstraram uma frequência elevada de relatos dolorosos em seis de treze questões, em relação ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: De acordo com estes achados, concluímos que a avaliação funcional de indivíduos com SDFP deve ser constituída de um questionário de dor anterior no joelho e uma avaliação das características de sinais e sintomas para exame de todo o membro inferior estático e durante situações funcionais. Nível de Evidência II, Estudos Diagnósticos.
Avaliação estática do posicionamento escapular em indivíduos normais
Authors: Pontin José Carlos Baldocchi , Stadniky Simone Pivaro , Suehara Paula Tiaki , Costa Thiago Ragusa , Chamlian Therezinha Rosane
Published: August 2013

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o posicionamento estático da escápula no gradil costal em indivíduos saudáveis, por meio da avaliação clínica e radiográfica, avaliar a confiabilidade interavaliador do exame clínico e verificar a confiabilidade do método de avaliação em comparação ao exame radiográfico. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 30 indivíduos adultos de ambos os sexos sem diagnóstico de doenças nos ombros. O exame clínico estático, seguindo o protocolo sugerido por Burkhart e cols., foi realizado repetidamente por 2 examinadores independentes; a seguir, foi realizado o exame radiográfico, que posteriormente foi examinado pelo primeiro avaliador. RESULTADOS: 73,3% dos indivíduos apresentaram o posicionamento da escápula considerado dentro da normalidade. A confiabilidade interavaliador e a confiabilidade do exame clínico em relação à radiografia foram considerados baixa e muito baixa respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A reprodutibilidade da avaliação realizada por Burkhart foi considerada de satisfatória a boa, enquanto que a reprodutibilidade inter-avaliador do exame clínico estático e a reprodutibilidade do exame clínico com a radiografia foram consideradas de pobres a satisfatórias. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo de Pacientes não Consecutivos.
Análise da prevalência de lesões em surfistas do litoral paranaense
Authors: Moraes Gabriela Chueiri de , Guimarães Ana Tereza Bittencourt , Gomes Anna Raquel Silveira
Published: August 2013

OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de lesões musculoesqueléticas em surfistas do litoral paranaense. MÉTODOS: Sessenta homens (27±6 anos) responderam questionário semiestruturado relativo à prática do surf (categoria, tempo de prática e diário, frequência semanal e exercícios antes e/ou após a prática) e características das lesões ocasionadas por este esporte. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados por distribuição de frequência relativa. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se 70% de surfistas recreacionais, 28% amadores e 2% profissionais, que surfavam há 10 anos ou mais. A maioria surfava entre 2 a 4 vezes por semana, de 2 a 4 horas por dia. O exercício mais realizado antes da prática do esporte era o alongamento em membros superiores e inferiores, e, nenhum tipo de exercício depois da prática. A lesão mais prevalente foi a contusão (29%), o segmento mais acometido foram os membros inferiores (46%) e a causa mais comum de lesão foi em decorrência do contato com a prancha (52%). O período de afastamento mais citado foi entre 1 a 3 meses e o tratamento realizado mais frequentemente foram medicamentosos. CONCLUSÕES: Houve predomínio da categoria surfistas recreacionais com prevalência de contusão em membros inferiores, decorrente do contato com a prancha, sendo tratadas com medicamentos e afastamentos. Nível de Evidência II, Estudo Retrospectivo.
Retalhos de rotação para cobertura após artroplastia total de joelho
Authors: Pozzobon Leonardo Rafael , Helito Camilo Partezani , Guimarães Tales Mollica , Gobbi Riccardo Gomes , Pécora José Ricardo , Camanho Gilberto Luis
Published: August 2013

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados obtidos com o uso de retalhos miocutâneos de rotação local nos casos de deiscência da ferida operatória após artroplastia total de joelho. MÉTODOS: Os pacientes submetidos a esse procedimentos cirúrgicos foram selecionados no período de 2000 a 2012. Os nove casos selecionados neste período foram submetido a retalhos de cobertura devido a deiscência de pele associada a infecção. Em oito casos utilizamos retalhos de rotação local do gastrocnêmio medial e um caso de avanço de pele. RESULTADOS: Em 89% destes casos houve sucesso quanto à cobertura da prótese e viabilidade dos retalhos. Em quatro casos foi possível manter ou revisar a prótese. Outros quatro casos evoluíram com necessidade de amputação por falha no tratamento infeccioso e um caso permaneceu sem a prótese. A avaliação funcional mostrou um resultado insatisfatório em 89% desses casos. CONCLUSÃO: Os retalhos de cobertura são uma boa opção para o tratamento dos casos de deiscência com exposição da prótese e que o insucesso funcional esteve associado à falha no controle do quadro infeccioso e aos danos causados por este. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.
Epidemiologia da escoliose idiopática do adolescente em alunos da rede pública de Goiânia-GO
Authors: Souza Fabiano Inácio de , Ferreira Rodrigo Borges Di , Labres Daniel , Elias Rafael , Sousa Ana Patrícia Miranda de , Pereira Rafaela Ernesto
Published: August 2013

OBJETIVO: Pesquisar a prevalência da escoliose idiopática do adolescente em escolares de 10 a 14 anos da rede pública de ensino de Goiânia, GO, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, foram sorteados 476 alunos de cinco escolas municipais, de um total de 33.343 alunos distribuídos em 162 escolas. Estes indivíduos receberam o termo de consentimento previamente, retornando com o mesmo assinado pelos pais no dia do exame físico. Avaliou-se a simetria dos ombros, das escápulas, do triângulo de talhe, o nivelamento da bacia e o teste de Adams. Nos casos suspeitos, os alunos foram encaminhados para a realização de radiografias panorâmicas da coluna vertebral. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 418 alunos (erro amostral corrigido de 3,2%). Deste total, 31 alunos apresentavam suspeita de escoliose (17 do sexo masculino e 14 do sexo feminino). Vinte e oito alunos fizeram as radiografias, onde 18 foram diagnosticados com escoliose idiopática do adolescente (11 do sexo feminino e sete do sexo masculino), determinando a prevalência de 4,3%. O teste qui quadrado não sugeriu diferença estatística da prevalência entre os sexos. Um aluno apresentava escoliose congênita. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência da escoliose idiopática do adolescente na rede municipal de ensino de Goiânia é de 4,3%. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo de Pacientes não Consecutivos.
O luto antecipado diante da consciência da finitude: a vida entre os medos de não dar conta, de dar trabalho e de morrer
Authors: Giacomin Karla Cristina , Santos Wagner Jorge dos , Firmo Josélia Oliveira Araújo
Published: August 2013

Em suas práxis, os profissionais de saúde são forçados a lidar com os lutos do paciente, da família e da equipe, mas para uma pessoa idosa, o luto antecipado devido a doenças e a consciência da finitude podem ser tão perturbadores quanto a morte efetiva de alguém. O presente trabalho objetiva compreender o luto antecipado, percebido na interação entre a velhice e os processos saúde-doença e incapacidade, na visão de idosos da comunidade diante da própria finitude. Este estudo etnográfico observacional, realizado com 57 idosos assistidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família, teve a coleta e a análise de dados guiadas pelo modelo de signos, significados e ações, em entrevistas semiestruturadas, emergindo como categorias finais: experiências da morte em vida; experiências dos idosos na atenção à saúde; consciência da finitude e lutos antecipados que tiram o sentido da vida. Para a cultura local a velhice é uma doença; incapacidade é "não dar conta" de fazer atividades cotidianas e "dar trabalho" aos outros é pior do que morrer. Quanto mais velhos, mais lutos e perdas - antecipados e reais; maior a consciência da própria finitude; realidade que tem sido negligenciada na atenção à saúde. Compreender essa questão é crucial para um cuidado humanizado e integral da pessoa idosa e das famílias.
Perda e luto: vivências de mulheres que interromperam a gestação por malformação fetal letal
Authors: Consonni Elenice Bertanha , Petean Eucia Beatriz Lopes
Published: August 2013

O presente estudo teve por objetivo conhecer as vivências de luto de mulheres que interromperam a gestação sob autorização judicial, devido à malformação fetal incompatível com a vida. Participaram do estudo dez mulheres atendidas no Setor de Medicina Fetal do Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu. Para coleta dos dados foi realizada entrevista semiestruturada quarenta dias após a interrupção. As entrevistas foram audiogravadas, transcritas na íntegra e tiveram os dados analisados na perspectiva da análise temática de conteúdo. Os resultados revelaram que as mães buscaram explicações e significados para a perda, sendo muito frequentes respostas religiosas e autoculpabilizantes. Os relatos marcaram sentimentos de tristeza, saudade e sensação de vazio pela perda do filho, revelando também a necessidade das mães de manterem-se ligadas a ele. As mães estavam e continuaram vinculadas aos seus filhos e a interrupção da gestação, embora tenha sido uma escolha para minimizar a dor de uma perda inevitável, não as poupou de vivências de grande sofrimento. O estudo traz subsídios para a discussão e planejamento de abordagens e cuidados com a saúde de mulheres que interrompem a gestação por malformação fetal letal, mediante autorização judicial.
O adoecer e morrer de mulher jovem com câncer de mama
Authors: Dolina Janderléia Valéria , Bellato Roseney , Araújo Laura Filomena Santos de
Published: August 2013

O estudo teve como foco a vivência de mulher jovem com câncer de mama e objetivou compreender o adoecer, o morrer e a morte dela, a partir dos sentidos atribuídos aos eventos de sua vida. Apóia-se na ideia de que se morre a partir do que foi vivido e no modo com que este vivido vai sendo ressignificado ao longo do tempo. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa que se configura como um estudo de situação, o qual permitiu construir a Linha da Vida de Beth através do emprego de sua História de Vida em que se destaca suas narrativas, eventos considerados, por ela, marcantes e que conformaram o seu modo de viver e, nele, o morrer. Além da descrição minuciosa de como se deram os encontros de entrevista, também discute-se duas categorias centrais do estudo, denominadas de "Morrer a vida - as pequenas mortes vivenciadas por Beth" e "Beth vivendo seu morrer e morte". O estudo enfatiza a necessidade dos profissionais da saúde tomarem para si a responsabilização por um modo de cuidado que não vise tão somente a cura, mas que tenha como foco a dimensão humana com o objetivo de prover o bem estar e a manutenção da vida, enquanto esta for possível.
O direito de viver a própria morte e sua constitucionalidade
Authors: Bussinguer Elda Coelho de Azevedo , Barcellos Igor Awad
Published: August 2013

O artigo se propõe a refletir acerca da legalidade da manifestação antecipada de vontade, instituída no Brasil por meio da Resolução nº. 1.995/12 do Conselho Federal de Medicina, em face da omissão legislativa e considerando a possível vinculação dos médicos e familiares de pacientes terminais ao Testamento Vital. Analisa a constitucionalidade dessas diretivas e, por conseguinte, a constitucionalidade da própria Resolução à luz do novo paradigma constitucional brasileiro.
Impacto da morte do filho sobre a conjugalidade dos pais
Authors: Morelli Ana Bárbara , Scorsolini-Comin Fabio , Santos Manoel Antônio dos
Published: August 2013

O objetivo deste estudo qualitativo foi compreender a experiência do casal que perdeu um filho acometido por câncer, focalizando o impacto da morte sobre a relação conjugal. A estratégia metodológica utilizada foi o estudo de caso, buscando descrever o processo de elaboração do luto e a repercussão da morte do filho sobre a conjugalidade dos pais. Participou do estudo um casal unido havia 39 anos, que três anos antes perdera o filho mais novo. Os cônjuges foram entrevistados individualmente e, em um segundo momento, conjuntamente. Foram utilizados roteiros de entrevista semiestruturada. Observou-se que a comunidade religiosa da qual o casal faz parte tem sido a principal fonte de apoio na elaboração do luto, embora seus preceitos possam, no caso da esposa, impedir a livre expressão de seu sofrimento. Ainda que o casal tenha permanecido unido, a conjugalidade ficou abalada após a morte do filho. Os cônjuges mostraram dificuldade em discorrer sobre o casamento, sendo que a esposa apontou a ausência do filho como um dos motivos para a mudança ocorrida no relacionamento conjugal. A conjugalidade e a religiosidade/espiritualidade despontaram como dimensões importantes a serem abordadas pelas equipes de saúde no atendimento aos familiares enlutados.
Eutanásia, distanásia e ortotanásia: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Felix Zirleide Carlos , Costa Solange Fátima Geraldo da , Alves Adriana Marques Pereira de Melo , Andrade Cristiani Garrido de , Duarte Marcella Costa Souto , Brito Fabiana Medeiros de
Published: August 2013

Atualmente, existe preocupação notória dos pesquisadores em debater questões geradoras de conflitos éticos, no âmbito assistencial, direcionada ao ser humano em fase de terminalidade, em particular, acerca da eutanásia, distanásia e ortotanásia. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a produção científica, no âmbito nacional, acerca da eutanásia, distanásia e ortotanásia. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. O universo do estudo foi constituído por 41 publicações relacionadas ao tema investigado, mediante a realização de um levantamento online, na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, no Portal Capes e na Revista Bioética. Desses, 25 artigos compuseram a amostra, considerando-se critérios de inclusão e exclusão estabelecidos. A coleta de dados ocorreu em março de 2013, por meio de um instrumento com informações pertinentes ao objetivo proposto. Os descritores utilizados foram eutanásia, distanásia e ortotanásia. No que se refere ao enfoque das publicações, emergiram três temas: Tema I - Eutanásia; Tema II - Distanásia e Tema III - Ortotanásia. Os estudos analisados expressam a preocupação atual diante de dilemas éticos, no que concerne ao cuidar do ser humano na fase final de vida. Dessa forma, espera-se que esta pesquisa possa contribuir para fortalecer as leituras críticas a respeito da temática.
Influence of stone cutting waste and ground waste clay brick on the hydration and packing density of cement pastes
Authors: Rocha C. A. A. , Cordeiro G. C. , Toledo Filho R. D.
Published: August 2013

The present work aims to study the replacement of Portland cement (PC) by stone cutting waste (SW) and ground waste clay brick (BW) in binary and ternary pastes. Thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis tests were carried out at various ages in order to investigate the development of the cement hydration reactions in the presence of those wastes. The packing density was calculated in accordance with the Compressible Packing Model to understand the physical effect of those wastes. Compressive strength tests were also performed and the results were related to hydration and packing. Considering the substitution levels studied, the results indicated that the use of SW in the binary mixture accelerated the hydration reactions, and the particles packing density and compressive strength were maintained. The use of BW in the binary mixture caused a small acceleration in the hydration reactions and there was an indication of pozzolanic activity, although the compressive strength was reduced in comparison with the reference paste. In the ternary mixture, the combined effect of both wastes resulted in the maintenance of compressive strength for cement replacement content of 30%.
γδ T Cells Predict Outcome in Zoledronate-Treated Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Welton Joanne L. , Martí Salvador , Mahdi Mohammed H. , Boobier Clare , Barrett-Lee Peter J. , Eberl Matthias
Published: August 2013

The biological mechanism underlying the antitumor role of zoledronate is unclear. The analysis in this letter illustrates the diagnostic and prognostic potential of a γδ T-cell-based blood test and implies a link between immune responsiveness and positive outcome with zoledronate therapy.
In Reply
Authors: Valachis Antonis , Polyzos Nikolaos P.
Published: August 2013

Our meta-analysis provides evidence that zoledronic acid in the adjuvant breast cancer setting may increase survival. Additional data from basic research and clinical trials in the future will help us interpret its role with more confidence.
Effect of fly ash on compressive strength degradation due to calcium leaching procedure
Authors: Lu Cairong , Yang Hu , Liu Weibao , Mei Guoxing , Wang Heng , Ge Xueliang
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this paper is to deal with the influence of fly ash on compressive strength of degraded cement pastes due to calcium leaching. The accelerated experiment has been performed by using a 6 mol/l ammonium chloride solution because natural leaching is a slow process. In order to obtain the mechanical response of different cement pastes, specimens of different water/cement ratios and fly ash contents were prepared. At specified leaching durations, a compression test was performed on the sound and leached specimens. The compression tests show that the loss of compressive strength has a significant linear correlation with the leached ratio of all specimens. This indicates that the decrease in strength is mainly governed by the dissolution of calcium hydroxide. The residual compressive strength loss was related to the mix proportion. The loss of compressive strength increases with water/cement ratios in general. In addition, the addition of fly ash increases the residual compressive strength of totally leached pastes, because more calcium hydroxide is consumed owing to secondary hydration.
Neonatal Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis: Possible In Utero Sensitization to Cow’s Milk Protein
Authors: Alabsi Humam S. , Reschak Gary L. , Fustino Nicholas J. , Beltroy Eduardo P. , Sramek Jacob E. , Alabsi Samir Y.
Published: August 2013

Rectal bleeding in neonates is an alarming sign that suggests a possible serious underlying condition, such as infection or bleeding disorder that would necessitate hospitalization and prompt intervention. We report a case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis caused by cow’s milk protein allergy in a one-day-old infant, who presented with frankly bloody stools associated with massive gastrointestinal and peripheral blood eosinophilia prior to initiation of enteral feedings. The patient’s outcome was favorable, with complete spontaneous recovery in one week, after a period of bowel rest, parenteral nutrition, and use of amino acid formula. The eosinophilia was also transient and gradually resolving by two months of age. Rectal bleeding secondary to allergic colitis caused by cow’s milk sensitization may occur in neonates, and failure to appreciate this possibility may lead to inappropriate diagnostic or therapeutic intervention.
Delayed Cord Clamping: A Collaborative Practice to Improve Outcomes
Authors: Scheans Patricia
Published: August 2013

Delayed cord clamping is a collaboration between the obstetric team and the neonatal team. Although the optimal timing for clamping the umbilical cord after birth continues to be subject to study, delaying clamping for at least 30–60 seconds, with the newborn held at or below the level of the uterus/placenta supports normal physiology and has proven benefits. Practical issues such as thermoregulation and equipment can be overcome with team collaboration and prebriefing planning. Neonatal nurses who attend deliveries are perfectly poised to influence this practice and improve short- and long-term outcomes for their patients.
Positive Psychology Theory, Research, and Practice: A Primer for Rehabilitation Counseling Professionals
Authors: Chou Chih-Chin , Chan Fong , Chan Jacob Yui Chung , Phillips Brian , Ditchman Nicole , Kaseroff Ashley
Published: August 2013

Positive psychology is a scientific study that explores what makes life most worth living and applies psychological theory to understand the human strengths that are important for enhancing overall well-being and happiness. The rehabilitation counseling philosophy shares a similar emphasis on personal strengths and the importance of enhancing what is good rather than merely addressing the negative aspects of adversity. The field of rehabilitation counseling provides a solid foundation for the practice of positive psychology and there is great potential for improving services and outcomes for people with disabilities by applying positive psychology approaches in rehabilitation practice and research. The objective of this article is to provide rehabilitation professionals an overview of positive psychology and its application to rehabilitation counseling. Specifically, a brief history of the positive psychology movement, major constructs and research findings, measurement considerations, and empirically supported intervention frameworks will be reviewed.
Evaluating Snyder’s Hope Theory as a Motivational Model of Participation and Life Satisfaction for Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Path Analysis
Authors: Chan Jacob Yui Chung , Chan Fong , Ditchman Nicole , Phillips Brian , Chou Chih-Chin
Published: August 2013

Objective: To evaluate Snyder’s (2002) hope theory as a motivational model of community participation and life satisfaction.

Design: Quantitative descriptive design using path analysis.

Setting: Manitoba chapter of the Canadian Paraplegic Association.

Participants: One-hundred and sixteen participants with spinal cord injuries who were members of the Manitoba chapter of the Canadian Paraplegic Association.

Results: The respecified path-analytic hope model of participation and life satisfaction fits the data reasonably well, with χ2/df = 2.58; GFI = .95; and CFI = .95. Participation—with indirect effects of causality, perceived control, resilience, agency thinking, and pathways thinking—explained 32% of the variance in life satisfaction. Causality and agency thinking—with indirect effects of perceived control, resilience, and pathways thinking—explained 40% of the variance in participation.

Conclusion: Synder’s hope theory as a motivational model of participation and life satisfaction was validated with minor modifications to the model. The respecified model indicated that causality had a direct effect on participation; pathways thinking had a direct link to agency thinking; and pathways thinking only had an indirect effect on participation through agency thinking.
Improving service delivery of water, sanitation, and hygiene in primary schools: a cluster-randomized trial in western Kenya
Authors: Alexander Kelly T. , Dreibelbis Robert , Freeman Matthew C. , Ojeny Betty , Rheingans Richard
Published: August 2013

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programs in schools have been shown to improve health and reduce absence. In resource-poor settings, barriers such as inadequate budgets, lack of oversight, and competing priorities limit effective and sustained WASH service delivery in schools. We employed a cluster-randomized trial to examine if schools could improve WASH conditions within existing administrative structures. Seventy schools were divided into a control group and three intervention groups. All intervention schools received a budget for purchasing WASH-related items. One group received no further intervention. A second group received additional funding for hiring a WASH attendant and making repairs to WASH infrastructure, and a third group was given guides for student and community monitoring of conditions. Intervention schools made significant improvements in provision of soap and handwashing water, treated drinking water, and clean latrines compared with controls. Teachers reported benefits of monitoring, repairs, and a WASH attendant, but quantitative data of WASH conditions did not determine whether expanded interventions out-performed our budget-only intervention. Providing schools with budgets for WASH operational costs improved access to necessary supplies, but did not ensure consistent service delivery to students. Further work is needed to clarify how schools can provide WASH services daily.
About the Reliability of Punching Verifications in Reinforced Concrete
Flat Slabs
Authors: Porco F. , Uva G. , Sangirardi M. , Casolo S.
Published: August 2013

Reinforced concrete slabs are a widely diffused structural solution either in Italy, or abroad; this for a series of
advantages connected to their structural conception and their performances. However, this series of advantages is obtained
as a result of proper design, especially oriented to appropriately sizing the thickness of the plate itself. Moreover, for flat
structures with concentrated loads, as the case of flat slabs on punctual supports, phenomenon of punching can't be neglected,
as it inevitably affects the structure and so it must be taken into account even in the early stages of the project. In
this paper an attempt to evaluate the reliability of punching verifications has been made, referring to some in force regulations;
this has been possible making a comparison between the mean resisting value of punching, obtained applying law
prescription and the real collapse load for some columns belonging to a building that collapsed during the early stages of
its construction. For the specific case study analyzed, there has been the opportunity to perform an on-site investigation,
collecting a great amount of information regarding the mechanical properties of the used materials, the real positioning of
the rebars in the structural elements, the real amount of concrete cover and so on. Since in a punching failure mechanism a
crucial element is the resistance of the concrete, the precise definition of its properties attains great importance, especially
when existing buildings are involved. To analyze the exact conditions of collapse and the factors that may have originated
it, an important procedure is the acquisition of information, as much as possible, about the mechanical properties of the
onsite materials. After this first evaluation of the accuracy of the actual regulations, another interesting comparison has
been carried out, studying the influence of two main factors in the definition of the punching shear resistance; more specifically,
it has been observed which is the contribution of the variability of the compressive strength of the concrete on
site and the effective depth of the plate. The first related to a series of circumstances that may affect the value of the resistance,
reducing it from that established during the design phase, the second closely related to inaccuracy in the laying of
the longitudinal reinforcement. Therefore two sensitivity analysis have been performed, either referring to Eurocode 2, or
following the prescriptions given in Model Code 2010, varying once the mean value of the compressive strength of the
concrete, once the effective depth d.
The inclination of mandibular incisors revisited
Authors: Gütermann Cécile , Peltomäki Timo , Markic Goran , Hänggi Michael , Schätzle Marc , Signorelli Luca , Patcas Raphael
Published: August 2013

Objective:

To reassess the inclination of lower incisors and evaluate possible associations with gender, age, symphyseal parameters, and skeletal pattern.

Materials and Methods:

Twelve hundred and seventy-two (605 females, 667 males) cephalograms of untreated subjects of a craniofacial growth study (age: 8–16 years) were evaluated. Correlations between the angulation of the lower incisors and age, symphyseal distances (height, width, and depth), symphyseal ratios (height-width, height-depth), and skeletal angles (divergence of the jaws and gonial angle) were investigated for all ages separately and for both sexes independently.

Results:

The inclination of lower incisors increased over age (8 years: girls  =  93.9° [95% CI, 92.3°–95.7°], boys  =  93.3° [95% CI, 91.8°–94.9°]; 16 years: girls  =  96.1° [95% CI, 94.1°–98.2°], boys  =  97.1° [95% CI, 95.6°–98.6°]). Inclination of lower incisors correlated with the divergence of the jaws for all ages significantly or highly significantly, except for boys and girls 9 years of age and girls 11 and 12 years of age, for which only a tendency was observed. Similarly, a strong correlation to gonial angle could be observed. No correlation could be found between the inclination of lower incisors and any symphyseal parameters (absolute measurements and ratios), except for symphyseal depth.

Conclusion:

Lower incisor inclination is linked to the subject's sex, age, and skeletal pattern. It is not associated with symphyseal dimensions, except symphyseal depth. Factors related to natural inclination of lower incisors should be respected when establishing a treatment plan.
Asymptotic analysis of non-self-adjoint Hill operators
Authors: Veliev Oktay
Published: August 2013

We obtain uniform asymptotic formulas for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Sturm-Liouville operators L t (q) with a potential q ∈ L 1[0,1] and t-periodic boundary conditions, t ∈ (−π, π]. Using these formulas, we find sufficient conditions on the potential q such that the number of spectral singularities in the spectrum of the Hill operator L(q) in L 2(−∞,∞) is finite. Then we prove that the operator L(q) has no spectral singularities at infinity and it is an asymptotically spectral operator provided that the potential q satisfies sufficient conditions.
The role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in glioma cell apoptosis induced by remifentanil
Authors: Xu Jing , Xu Pengjuan , Li Zhigui , Xiao Lu , Yang Zhuo
Published: August 2013

The aim of malignant glioma treatment is to inhibit tumor cell proliferation and induce tumor cell apoptosis. Remifentanil is a clinical anesthetic drug that can activate the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. NMDA receptor signaling activates glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Discovered some 32 years ago, GSK-3β was only recently considered as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess whether remifentanil can induce the apoptosis of C6 cells through GSK-3β activation. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was used to detect cell viability. Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry were used to detect cell apoptosis. The effect of GSK-3β activation was detected using a GSK-3β activation assay kit and 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione (TDZD-8), a potent and selective small molecule inhibitor of GSK-3β. The MTT assay indicated that remifentanil induced C6 cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry showed that remifentanil significantly induced C6 cell apoptosis. The measurement of GSK-3β activation showed that remifentanil increased the cellular level of GSK-3β. All of these toxic effects can be attenuated by treatment with TDZD-8. These results suggest that remifentanil is able to induce C6 cell apoptosis through GSK-3β activation, which provides a basis for its potential use in the treatment of malignant gliomas.
Peracreadium akenovae sp. nov. (Trematoda: Opecoelidae) parasitising the highfin moray eel Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from moreton bay, Australia
Authors: Cribb Thomas , Bray Rodney , Cutmore Scott
Published: August 2013

A new opecoelid trematode, Peracreadium akenovae sp. nov., is described from the highfin moray eel Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus (Bleeker) (Anguilliformes; Muraenidae), collected from Moreton Bay off southeast Queensland, Australia. The new species is distinctive in its body shape, transversely elongate irregular testes, vitelline follicles interrupted at the level of the ventral sucker, and diverticulate excretory vesicle. The Muraenidae is a new host family for Peracreadium Nicoll, 1909. Peracreadium is the seventh opecoelid genus reported from temperate eastern Australian marine fishes and this is its first report from Australian waters.
Ancylostoma ceylanicum metalloprotease 6 DNA vaccination induces partial protection against hookworm challenge infection
Authors: Wiśniewski Marcin , Jaros Sławomir , Bąska Piotr , Cappello Michael , Wędrychowicz Halina
Published: August 2013

Hookworms are blood feeding intestinal nematodes that infect more than 500 million people and cause iron deficiency anemia. Infected children suffer from physical and cognitive growth retardation. Because of potential anthelminthic drug resistance, the need for vaccine development is urgent. Numerous antigens have been tested in animal models as vaccines against hookworm infection, but there is no effective human vaccine. We cloned a cDNA encoding Ancylostoma ceylanicum metalloprotease 6 (Acemep-6). Ace-MEP-6 is a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 101.87 kDa and based on computational analysis it is very likely to be engaged in food processing via hemoglobin digestion. Groups of hamsters were immunized with an Ace-mep-6 cDNA vaccine, either once or three times. Animals that were administered one dose developed high resistance (80%, p < 0.01) against challenge infection, whereas triple immunization resulted in no worm burden reduction. These results suggest that DNA vaccines can be powerful tools in ancylostomiasis control, although the mechanisms through which protection is conferred remain unclear.
Cross-sectional study of serum reactivity to Anisakis simplex in healthy adults in Niterói, Brazil
Authors: Junior Israel , Vericimo Mauricio , Cardoso Luciana , Clemente Sergio , Nascimento Elmiro , Teixeira Gerlinde
Published: August 2013

Although the incidence of anisakiasis is rising worldwide, its frequency is still unknown in Brazil. The aim of this study was to verify immunoreactivity to Anisakis simplex antigens in healthy adults and determine its possible relationship with frequency of fish consumption and allergy symptoms. A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out with 67 volunteers recruited from a military facility in Niterói, Brazil. The subjects completed a structured questionnaire and serum titers of specific anti-Anisakis IgE and IgG antibodies were measured. The association between frequency of fish intake and IgE reactivity was evaluated by Fisher’s exact test. Almost all subjects (97.0%, 65/67) that consumed seafood; 64.6% (42/65) ate fish at least once weekly. Of all seafood consumers, 56.9% (37/65) reported allergy symptoms, being gut allergies most often cited (35.5%). IgE seroreactivity to Anisakis simplex was found in 20.9% of subjects (14/67), with 13.4% (9/67) reacting exclusively to somatic antigen, 3.0% (2/67) exclusively to excretory/secretory antigens and 4.5% (3/67) to both antigens. There was a significant association between frequency of fish consumption and positive serology (p = 0.019). An immunoblot assay for Anisakis antigens showed different positive bands for IgG. The direct relationship between ELISA reactivity and frequency of fish intake and absence of association with allergy symptoms suggests previous contact with Anisakis simplex antigens.
Estimates of the refreezing rate in an ice-shelf borehole
Authors: Hughes Kenneth G. , Langhorne Pat J. , Williams Michael J.M.
Published: August 2013

The refreezing rate of a borehole drilled through a 252 m thick region of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, is determined using oceanographic measurements over two periods of a day. We first use a method based on the conservation of salt in the supercooled salt water of the borehole. This is compared to a model using a numerical solution of the heat equation to find the temperature distribution in the host ice, allowing ice growth to be calculated from the balance of heat fluxes at the ice/water interface. This second method broadly confirms the refreezing rates deduced from salinity measurements, giving confidence in the generalization of this simple heat-flux model to predict refreezing rates of other boreholes. Predictions from both are subject to uncertainty due to the poorly defined value of the solid fraction of ice that freezes in a supercooled volume of sea water. This is taken to be 0.5 ± 0.1 throughout this study. The predicted rates are also strongly dependent on the initial and boundary conditions chosen, but results show the initial diameter of 600 mm decreases at a rate of ∼3–5 mm h−1 in an ice shelf with a minimum temperature of −22°C.
A new semi-automatic approach for dividing glacier complexes into individual glaciers
Authors: Kienholz Christian , Hock Regine , Arendt Anthony A.
Published: August 2013

Many glaciological and hydrological studies require outlines of individual glaciers rather than total ice cover. Here we develop a new semiautomatic algorithm that uses a digital elevation model (DEM) and outlines of glacier complexes to calculate the extents of individual glaciers. The algorithm first applies hydrological modeling tools to a modified DEM to calculate flowsheds. It then merges flowsheds that belong to individual glaciers using a distance-based approach, whose required empirical parameters are derived from the Juneau Icefield area in Alaska. In this region, 2% of ∼1300 glaciers were misclassified. The algorithm was validated on >25 000 km2 of ice in other regions in Alaska and on >40 000 km2 of ice in Arctic Canada, resulting in ∼2% and ∼3% misclassified glaciers, respectively. Results indicate that the algorithm is robust provided the DEM and the outlines are of good quality.
How do glaciers respond to climate? Perspectives from the simplest models
Authors: Harrison W.D.
Published: August 2013

We study the approximations underlying the macroscopic theory of glacier response to climate, and illustrate some basic properties of glacier response using two simple examples, a block on an inclined plane and a block with a more realistic terminal region. The properties include nonlinearity and the usefulness of linear approximations, sensitivity to bed slope, timescale, stability, characteristic elevations of the equilibrium line at which the properties of the response change, the limit of fast response in a changing climate, the minimum sustainable size, increased sensitivity to climate change as a glacier retreats, and finally the similarity in the responses of simple glaciers with the same product of length and square of bed slope.
‘The Belfast Chameleon’: Ulster, Ceylon and the Imperial Life of Sir James Emerson Tennent
Authors: Wright Jonathan Jeffrey
Published: August 2013

Using the varied life and career of the Belfast-born writer, parliamentarian and sometime colonial administrator James Emerson Tennent as a case study, this article explores the complexity of imperial lives and highlights some aspects of Ulster's connection to empire in the pre-Home Rule era. One of many Ulstermen active in imperial administration, Emerson Tennent served as colonial secretary in Ceylon between 1845 and 1850. Although short-lived and controversial, his career as a colonial administrator is nevertheless revealing, particularly insofar as it offers insights into the personal animosities and the networks of connection that existed in Ceylon's close-knit British community. More broadly, the article seeks to view the metropolitan and the colonial as a whole, arguing that while Emerson Tennent spent only a brief time in the Empire his imperial life was longer and more complex than this suggests. To this end, the imperial rhetoric he expressed as a parliamentarian in the 1830s and early 1840s is discussed, as are his later writing on Ceylon and his donations of scientific specimens and ethnographic artefacts to the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society. Through writing and donation, it is argued, Emerson Tennent continued his imperial career, mediating empire to metropolitan audiences, both local and national.
A Reidian Reading of Shakespeare'sMacbeth: Exploring the Moral Faculty through Philosophy and Drama
Authors: Landiss Claire
Published: August 2013

This essay takes a transhistorical leap to connect the philosophy of Thomas Reid to the dramatic presentation of ethical choices in Shakespeare's Macbeth. Juxtaposing the two figures reveals an underlying moral ontology common to both. This shared ontology is remarkably nuanced, ultimately affirming moral liberty whilst decisively registering the fallibility of the ‘moral faculty.’ The final section asks whether the degree of comparability warrants any further speculation, revisiting the question of a ‘common humanity.’