bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One Size Does Not Fit All: Cardiorespiratory Fitness Adaptations to Basic Military Training are Attenuated in Female Recruits and Recruits With High Baseline Fitness
Authors: Saner Nicholas J. , Kuang Jujiao , Cheng I-Ting , Drain Jace R. , Bishop David J.
Published: January 2025

Saner, NJ, Kuang, J, Cheng, I-T, Drain, JR, and Bishop, DJ. One size does not fit all: Cardiorespiratory fitness adaptations to basic military training are attenuated in female recruits and recruits with high baseline fitness. J Strength Cond Res 38(10): 1724–1731, 2024— A focus of basic military training (BMT) is to improve the physical fitness of recruits. However, significant individual variation in the response to BMT has been reported, and the prevalence of injury is high. This study investigated the relationship between baseline cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), sex, and age to changes in CRF and musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) during BMT. Cardiorespiratory fitness and injury prevalence were prospectively assessed in a large mixed-sex cohort of Australian Army recruits (n = 1,581) undergoing 12 weeks of BMT. There was a significant group-level increase in estimated V̇o
2max during BMT (6.6 ± 7.9%, p < 0.001); however, there was significant individual variation in responses. Baseline CRF and sex were significant predictors (p < 0.001) of change in estimated V̇o
2max, but age was not (p = 0.115). Recruits within the 2 highest quintiles for baseline CRF improved estimated V̇o
2max significantly less than recruits in the lowest 3 quintiles (p < 0.001). Male recruits improved estimated V̇o
2max to a greater extent than female recruits (mean difference ± SD, 1.9 ± 0.2 mL·kg–1·min–1, p < 0.001), even when baseline fitness was accounted for. There were 153 recruits that reported 1 or more MSKI during BMT, and there was approximately 2.5-fold higher MSKI incidence in female recruits. Overall, we report that CRF improved during BMT and that baseline CRF and sex partially explain these improvements. However, female recruits demonstrated modest gains in CRF and were disproportionately injured when compared with male recruits. This highlights the need for ability-based training strategies to yield consistent improvements and reduce injury prevalence in military personnel.
Neural Dynamics of the Processing of Speech Features: Evidence for a Progression of Features from Acoustic to Sentential Processing
Authors: Karunathilake I.M Dushyanthi. , Brodbeck Christian , Bhattasali Shohini , Resnik Philip , Simon Jonathan Z.
Published: January 2025

When we listen to speech, our brain’s neurophysiological responses “track” its acoustic features, but it is less well understood how these auditory responses are enhanced by linguistic content. Here, we recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) responses while subjects of both sexes listened to four types of continuous-speech-like passages: speech-envelope modulated noise, English-like non-words, scrambled words, and a narrative passage. Temporal response function (TRF) analysis provides strong neural evidence for the emergent features of speech processing in cortex, from acoustics to higher-level linguistics, as incremental steps in neural speech processing. Critically, we show a stepwise hierarchical progression of progressively higher order features over time, reflected in both bottom-up (early) and top-down (late) processing stages. Linguistically driven top-down mechanisms take the form of late N400-like responses, suggesting a central role of predictive coding mechanisms at multiple levels. As expected, the neural processing of lower-level acoustic feature responses is bilateral or right lateralized, with left lateralization emerging only for lexical-semantic features. Finally, our results identify potential neural markers, linguistic level late responses, derived from TRF components modulated by linguistic content, suggesting that these markers are indicative of speechcomprehensionrather than mere speech perception.

Significance StatementWe investigate neural processing mechanisms as speech evolves from acoustic signals to meaningful language, using stimuli ranging from without any linguistic information to fully well-formed linguistic content. Computational models based on speech and linguistic hierarchy reveal that cortical responses time-lock to emergent features from acoustics to linguistic processes at the sentence level, with increasing the semantic information in the acoustic input. Temporal response functions (TRFs) uncovered millisecond-level processing dynamics as speech and language stages unfold. Each speech feature undergoes early and late processing stages, with the former driven by bottom-up activation and the latter influenced by top-down mechanisms. These insights enhance our understanding of the hierarchical nature of auditory language processing.
Critical Analysis of Living Law Formulation in Law No. 1 of 2023 Concerning the Criminal Code: Towards Law Reform to Realize Justice with the Spirit of Pancasila
Authors: Hardinanto Aris , Arief Barda Nawawi , Setiyono Joko , Fernando Zico Junius , Sabrina Nahdiya
Published: January 2025

The government is trying to reform national law in the field of criminal law by drafting a Criminal Code Bill (RUU KUHP) to replace Wetboek van Strafrecht. The culmination of this preparation was the promulgation of the Criminal Code Bill on January 2, 2023, through Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (KUHP). However, there are not many articles that discuss the process and critical analysis of living law formulation as stated in the provisions of Article 2 of the Criminal Code and their explanations. The research method used was legal research with statute, historical, comparative legal, and conceptual approaches. The results of this research conclude that the living laws are formulated inconsistently in terms of scientific substance. In order to make this formulation can realize justice based on Pancasila, it can be achieved in several ways. First, there is a need to reinterpret living legal concepts by involving experts in customary law, legal anthropology, legal sociology, and interdisciplinary legal researchers. Second, redefining the meaning of law that lives within the body of the Criminal Code is not limited to customary law, especially the principle of legality, but also includes customary law and traditional laws in traditional societies. Third, formulating formal law/criminal procedural law as the enforcer of material criminal law/National Criminal Code by re-establishing and recognizing customary courts in the Indonesian criminal justice system whose application in society is to realize the fifth principle of social justice for all Indonesian people from Pancasila.
Pancasila as a Foundation for Legal Reform: Evaluating the Impact of Civic Education on Indonesian Legal Systems
Authors: Prakoso Prakoso , Rokhman Fathur , Handoyo Eko
Published: January 2025

Pancasila, Indonesia’s official state ideology, serves as a guiding framework for the nation’s governance and legal systems. As the country continues to grapple with challenges related to corruption, inequality, and legal inefficiencies, there is an increasing recognition of the need to integrate Pancasila’s principles into legal reforms. This study evaluates the impact of civic education, grounded in Pancasila, on the effectiveness and legitimacy of Indonesia’s legal system. It argues that embedding Pancasila’s values—such as justice, democracy, and social welfare—into civic education can foster a more law-abiding, ethically responsible society, which in turn strengthens the rule of law and enhances legal reforms. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing civic education programs and their influence on public understanding of legal rights and obligations, this research highlights the role of education in shaping legal consciousness and promoting societal trust in legal institutions. The urgency of this research lies in Indonesia’s ongoing efforts to modernize its justice system while addressing systemic corruption and inefficiency. By situating Pancasila at the core of civic education, the study advocates for a holistic approach to legal reform, one that aligns legal practices with broader societal values. This research contributes to the discourse on legal reform by proposing a model in which education, ethical values, and legal practice are interconnected to create a more robust and transparent legal framework in Indonesia.
How Can Law and Policy Reform Shape Human Resource Strategies in Indonesian State Universities Post-Law No. 20 of 2023?
Authors: Mursidah Siti , Cahya Wulandari  , Khoiruddin Moh , Hassan Muhammad Sayuti , Fauzi Ricky Dermawan
Published: January 2025

Dialectics always arise with the introduction of new policies in laws, and Law No. 20 of 2023 concerning State Civil Servants is no exception. The latest provision in Chapter XIII, Article 65(1), prohibits Personnel Supervisory Officials from appointing Non-Civil Servants to fill civil servant positions, sparking debates on its implications for human resource (HR) management in Indonesian state universities. This study aims to evaluate HR management strategies in state universities, identify obstacles in implementing the law, and propose solutions to optimize its adoption. The research adopts a qualitative method with an analytical descriptive approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with HR managers from several public universities in Central Java, supported by a review of relevant documents. The study reveals that while some universities have begun to adopt the provisions of the law, they still face significant challenges, including a lack of professional training and development, complex bureaucratic processes, and budget constraints. Adjusting organizational structures and enhancing staff competencies remain major hurdles. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on the intersection of legal reform and HR strategies in higher education. The urgency is underscored by the immediate need to address inefficiencies and adapt to the law’s mandates. This study contributes by offering actionable recommendations, including increased training and awareness campaigns, simplifying bureaucracy, and expanding budgets for HR development. These insights are essential for policymakers and university administrators to ensure the efficient implementation of Law No. 20 of 2023, ultimately enhancing governance and operational efficiency in Indonesian state universities.
Consumer Protection of Girls from Cybercrime in a Gender Perspective
Authors: Suparto Susilowati , Yuanitasari Deviana , Judiasih Sonny Dewi , Salaeh Yamudin
Published: January 2025

Cybercrime covers a wide range of illegal acts carried out through the Internet or other digital devices, including fraud, identity theft, hacking, the spread of malware, to sexual exploitation of children. Girls are often the primary targets of these various forms of cybercrime. This is due to several factors, such as higher emotional vulnerability, still strong gender stereotypes, as well as a lack of education and awareness about cybersecurity among girls. Therefore, special protection that takes into account a gender perspective is essential to reduce the risk and impact of cybercrime against girls. In addition to the above cases, there are many more cases of cybercrime against girls in Indonesia that have not been or received public attention. Cybercrime is a serious threat that needs to be addressed seriously and urgently. So it is necessary to study further the impact of cybercrime on girls and to analyze gender perspectives in protecting girls' consumers as vulnerable consumers. Education on cybersecurity should start early, with a special focus on girls. Strict regulations and policies are needed to protect girls from sexual exploitation and other cybercrimes. Using protective technologies such as antivirus software and parental monitoring apps can help reduce the risk of girls becoming victims of cybercrime. Psychological and social support is crucial in helping girls who are victims to cope with the negative impact of cybercrime. Collaboration between various institutions and communities is essential to creating a secure and supportive digital environment for girls.
Addressing Challenges and Development in Enforcing International Laws on Child Soldiers: The Need for Legal Reform
Authors: Okereke Obinna Nnanna , Nnawulezi Uche , Magashi Salim Bashir , Adiyatma Septhian Eka , Balarabe Kasim
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this paper is to examine the challenges of enforcing the international legal framework on child soldiering. The paper reveals that, as the offense of child soldiering escalates, the multi-dimensional scope for protecting child soldiers spans various legal regimes under international law. It argues that, despite several prohibitive norms established in International Humanitarian Law (IHL), International Human Rights Law (IHRL), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and International Criminal Law (ICL), their application or enforcement against child soldiering remains ineffective and inadequate due to numerous impediments and challenges. This is because "law on paper," like a baby in the womb, must align with "law in action" to achieve adequate effectiveness. The methodology employed is doctrinal research. Major gaps were identified, and the paper provides comprehensive recommendations to enhance the enforcement of global treaties against child soldiering. The paper concludes with recommendations to address the technical and legal complexities associated with child soldiering.
Pancasila in Modern Indonesian Legal Reform: Addressing Current Cases and International Debates on Ideology and Law
Authors: Hadiprabowo M Akbar , Wasino Wasino , Kurniawan Edi
Published: January 2025

Pancasila, the foundational ideology of Indonesia, remains a cornerstone of the nation’s legal and political frameworks. However, the application of Pancasila in modern legal reform faces significant challenges, particularly in addressing contemporary legal cases and navigating international debates on ideology and law. This study examines the dynamic interplay between Pancasila’s principles and Indonesia’s legal reform efforts, focusing on their relevance to pressing domestic and global issues. The urgency of this research arises from the increasing tension between Indonesia’s ideological commitments and the pressures of globalization, human rights norms, and transnational legal principles. This research contributes novelty by analyzing specific case studies that highlight the complexities of integrating Pancasila within modern legal practices. It also addresses critiques from international actors who question Indonesia’s adherence to global legal standards while maintaining ideological authenticity. Using a doctrinal and socio-legal approach, this study evaluates the role of Pancasila in shaping legal doctrines, court decisions, and legislative reforms in Indonesia. The findings reveal that while Pancasila provides a robust framework for addressing social justice and national unity, its interpretation and implementation often encounter inconsistencies and resistance. By critically engaging with international debates on ideology and law, this research offers practical insights for aligning Pancasila with evolving legal and societal demands. It serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, legal practitioners, and scholars in Indonesia and beyond, fostering a deeper understanding of the ideological foundations of legal reform.
Ramifications of Divorce by Dayak Customary Law: Exploring Legal Consequences in Indonesian Legal System
Authors: Kurniawan Itok Dwi , Septiningsih Ismawati , Santos Jose Gama
Published: January 2025

This research explains the consequences of divorce according to the laws of the Dayak traditional community in Central Kalimantan province. The research method used is normative using primary and secondary legal materials. Customary law is one of the laws recognized in Indonesia. Customary law in Central Kalimantan is implemented by the existence of Dayak traditional institutions in Central Kalimantan which have been outlined in Central Kalimantan Province Regional Regulation No. 16 of 2008 and Central Kalimantan Governor Regulation no. 13 of 2009 concerning Dayak Traditional Institutions in Central Kalimantan. It is clear that customary law is a separate legal system so that it is different from other legal systems. The results of this research show that the consequences of divorce carried out by the Dayak traditional community are not only regulated by positive law in force in Indonesia, namely Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, but are also regulated by Dayak customary law based on Regional Regulations. Kalimantan Province Regional Regulations. 16 of 2008 concerning Dayak Traditional Institutions in Central Kalimantan, there are Dayak customary punishments and marriage agreements carried out by parties from the Dayak traditional community.
False Transaction vs Wash Trading: Addressing the Gap to Rebuild Market Confidence (Legal Implication in Indonesia and United States Capital Market Law)
Authors: Sugianto Fajar , Tokuyama Shintaro
Published: January 2025

This paper is evidently about the legal comparison between Indonesia and the U.S on their views on market manipulation. There are several similarities between the Capital Market Law and SEA 1934, not only in terms but also in the elements. Articles 91 and 92 of Capital Market Law seem to mimic Section 9(a) (1) and (2) of SEA 1934. As both statues states similar prohibition in creating a misleading trading appearance and the purpose of inducing sales. This means that elements and tests applicable in the U.S. should also be applicable in Indonesia. Section 10(b) of SEA 1934 and SEC Rule 10b-5 serves to further supplement the application of Section 9 with its broad anti-manipulation provisions. Articles 91 and 92 of Capital Market Law cover the sales and purchase of stocks affected by the alleged manipulation that occurs only in the securities exchange as evident by the wording “on a/the Securities Exchange”. This is also observed in Section 9(a) (1) and (2) of SEA 1934 wherein the scope is limited to transactions in the “national securities exchange”. What this implies is that over-the-counter and block sales transactions are not protected under the statutes mentioned above. This issue is not addressed under the Capital Market Law, however Section 10(b) of SEA 1934 and its implementing regulation SEC Rule 10b-5 addresses this issue. Section 10(b) of SEA 1934 allows for broader authority of law enforcement as it includes “any security registered on a national securities exchange or any security not so registered”. This implies protection for a wider scope of securities transactions.
Brazilian Avocado Industry: Is There More Space to Grow?
Authors:   University of Sao Paulo, Geraldini Gomes Fernanda , Guastalli Barbieri Marcela ,   University of Sao Paulo, Boteon Margarete ,   University of Sao Paulo
Published: January 2025

Avocado crops have been increasing in the past few years, in Brazil and in the world. One of the reasons is the increase in international demand, with higher per capita consumption in the main countries. This scenario resulted in high prices and profitability. The high demand also boosted Brazilian shipments of avocados, but Brazil is still not one of the main exporters, despite being the seventh biggest world producer — the current predominance in Brazil is the domestic market. Considering that avocado crops have already increased in the past few years, is it possible to continue to increase? In Brazil, consumption can still increase, mainly for avocado hass — this variety is little known by Brazilian population, and it depends on actions to promote consumption, but since there is a forecast of a production increase, it is possible that margins will not be so high in the future. In the international market, it is important to open new markets; so, this increase in production can be orientated to new external buyers.
Újszerű bariátriai bypassműtéttel (SASI) szerzett tapasztalataink
Authors: Varga Bence , Tombácz Adrienn , Ladár Edit , Juhász Árpád
Published: January 2025

Bevezetés: Az elhízás népbetegség, mely nem csupán esztétikai
probléma, hanem a szervezet egészét érintő kórkép, kezelésében a sebészeti
beavatkozások bizonyítottan hatékonyabbak a konzervatív módszerekkel szemben. A
közelmúltban kidolgozott, széles körben még nem alkalmazott laparoszkópos
„single anastomosis sleeve ileal” (SASI-) bypass a volumenredukciós és
malabszorptív bariátriai beavatkozások előnyeit ötvözi, ezáltal a „nagyevő” és
„nassoló” típusú betegeknél egyaránt hatékony lehet, miközben a felszívódási
zavar kockázata minimális marad. Célkitűzés: Vizsgálatunkban a
munkacsoportunk által 2022. augusztus 1. és 2024. szeptember 1. között elvégzett
SASI-bypassműtétekkel szerzett tapasztalatainkat kívánjuk összefoglalni.
Módszer: Az indikáció felállításában és a vizsgálatban a
Nemzetközi Bariátriai Társaság irányelveit követtük. A műtét első fázisában
létrehozott csőgyomor és az ileum között legfeljebb 4 cm szélességű anastomosist
készítettünk. A kontrollvizsgálatok a 3. és a 6. posztoperatív hónapban
történtek. Önként vállalkozó 2 betegben a gyomorürülést izotópos módszerrel
tanulmányoztuk. Eredmények: A vizsgálatba 25,
SASI-bypassműtéten átesett beteget (17 nő, 8 férfi) vontunk be (átlagéletkor
40,1 ± 11,3 év). Az átlag preoperatív BMI 43,7 ± 6,7 kg/m2, a 3. havi
kontroll idején az átlag-BMI csökkenése 6,1 ± 3,4 kg/m2 (13,9 ±
6,3%), a 6. havi kontrollnál 11,6 ± 6,2 kg/m2 (26,1 ± 12,0%) volt. A
magas vérnyomás 11 esetből 9-ben, az inzulinrezisztencia 2-ből 2 esetben
rendeződött. Posztoperatív reflux 6, alvászavar 1, általános gyengeség 5,
hajhullás 9 esetben fordult elő. Tartós hasmenés nem alakult ki. Izotópos
vizsgálattal igazoltuk, hogy a gyomortartalom 90%-a az elvezető ileumkacsba,
10%-a a duodenumba távozik. Megbeszélés: A SASI-bypass
hatékonyan ötvözi a restriktív és a malabszorptív bariátriai műtétek előnyeit,
miközben – az eddigi utánkövetések alapján – a felszívódási zavar, a vitamin- és
nyomelemhiány kockázata minimális marad. A preoperatív társbetegségek és a
szedett gyógyszerek tekintetében szignifikáns regresszió várható a műtétet
követő első fél évben. Következtetés: A SASI-bypass kis
kockázatú, hatékony fogyást és a túlsúllyal kapcsolatos társbetegségek gyors
regresszióját eredményező beavatkozás, mely a közeljövőben egyre gyakoribb
műtéttípus lehet a bariátriai sebészetben. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(2): 67–76.
The Appeal of Islamist Movements in Local Muslim Contexts: Exploring the Acceptance of the Islamic Defender Front (FPI) among Traditional Muslim Community in Pamekasan Madura
Authors: Syaie Akhmad Najibul Khairi , Zaini Achmad , Galib Syamsul Arif
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the Islamic Defender Front (FPI) in Pamekasan, Madura, analyzing its appeal and organizational dynamics within the local Muslim community. The research aims to uncover the motivations for FPI membership and the strategies FPI uses to strength­en solidarity among its members. The study employs religious capital and social identity theories, drawing on the works of Iannaccone and Klick, Maselko, Hughes, and Cheney, Stark and Finke, and Bourdieu’s cultural capital. Findings indicate that FPI’s appeal is rooted in its alignment with traditional Muslim values, its commitment to ‘enjoining good and prohib­iting evil,’ the significant role of kyai and habib in legitimizing its activities, and its collaboration with local religious organizations. Key events, in­cluding religious studies, public ṣalawāt councils, and large-scale tablīghs, strengthen internal cohesion and extend its influence. The paper argues that FPI’s success in Pamekasan is due to its effective use of religious and social capital, fostering strong religious identity and community solidarity, which are crucial for its organizational effectiveness and legitimacy.
Shia Minority in Medan City: The Early Emergence, Movement and Response of Sunni Groups
Authors: Syahnan Mhd. , Mukhsin Abd. , Ja'far Ja'far
Published: January 2025

This article studies the Shia community movement in the city of Medan during the Reform Era. Specifically, the study aims to reveal the emergence, development, and activities of the Shia groups in Medan, the response of the Sunni majority group toward the Shia minority com­munity, and the dialogue between Sunni-Shia leaders. This study employs Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital to analyze Shia community dynam­ics, and Sergey Melnik’s theory of interreligious dialogue to analyze Sun­ni-Shia dialogue. The findings reveal that the Shia community began to emerge and develop in the 1990s in the city of Medan, influenced ideo­logically by Iranian clerics through a group of local figures, including alumni of Iranian Islamic educational institutions. This community estab­lished foundations and organizations focusing on religious outreach and social activities. The presence of the Shia community elicited various re­actions from Sunni groups; some figures opposed Shi’ism, while others did not see it as an issue. Evidence shows that dialogue occurred between Sunni and Shiite leaders, with some advocating for unity while others emphasized the fundamental differences between the two sects. In addi­tion, this article argues that the Shia group in Medan has been relatively successful in introducing Shia traditions due to their effective use of eco­nomic, cultural and social capital, which strengthened their sectarian identity while also increasing acceptance from some Sunni figures. Sunni and Shia dialog includes polemical, cognitive, peacemaking, and partner­ship dialogue.
Rövid szófejtések – öt ismeretlen származásúnak tartott szavunk eredete
Authors: Antal M. Gergely
Published: January 2025

Az UEW digitalizált, online változata, az Uralonet adatbázisként és keresőmotorként hasznos eszköze lehet új magyar vagy más uráli etimológiák megtalálásában, és erre a célra már a korábbi etimológiai kutatásaimban is felhasználtam. Jelen tanulmányomban négy nyelvjárási, ill. elavult szót, valamint egy egy közszót mutatok be, amelyeket korábban ismeretlen vagy bizonytalan eredetűnek tekintettek, és amelyekhez most az Uralonet segítségével felmutathatunk lehetséges uráli megfelelőket. A nyelvjárási gyóta ’erdő; erdei legelő’ szó töve az U *jotka ’Zwischenraum, Mitte’ (№ 193) rekonstruktummal hozható összefüggésbe. A kihalt hatak ’gyomor, has’ szó töve feltehetően egy U *koktɜ (? *koptɜ) ’belsőség; üreges belső szerv’ (№ 1327 alapján) alakból származik mordvin, manysi és szölkup példákkal kiegészülve. A régi nyelvi héla ’vadzab; gyomnövényes terület’ hangtani bizonytalanságok mellett talán a FW *kalke ’Haar; Halm, Achel’ (№ 1265) leánynyelvi szavakhoz köthető. A hever- ige és újonnan javasolt obi-ugor megfelelői esetleg bizonytalanul kapcsolódnak az U? *kȣrŋa- ’partra sodródik, kiköt; sodródik, lebeg a víz tetején’ (№ 361 alapján) szócsaládhoz. A nyelvjárási, bizonytalan képzésű szilke ’széles szájú öblös cserépedény’ töve és a manysi сулья ’бутылка’ valószínűleg az U *śulɜ ’edény, vályú’ (№ 982 alapján) rekonstruktumhoz tartoznak.
Egy komi-permják korpusz létrehozásának kihívásai: igék és melléknevek
Authors: Szabó Ditta , F. Gulyás Nikolett , Németh Szilvia
Published: January 2025

A tanulmány egy új komi-permják korpusz (PermCorp) létrehozásának aktuális lépéseiről számol be. Projektünk (NKFIH FK 143242) célja a nyelv első gold sztenderd korpuszának létrehozása elsősorban korábban már publikált, írott szövegek alapján. A korpusz szövegeit kutatócsoportunk a FieldWorks Language Explorer (FLEx) szoftver segítésével annotálja oly módon, hogy a program beépített általános célú morfológiai elemzőjével előcímkézzük a mondatokat, majd az előállt gépi javaslatokat manuálisan ellenőrizzük. A projekt kimeneteleként elérhetővé tesszük majd a FLEx állományt, melynek segítségével más kutatók is könnyebben annotálhatják a saját komi-permják szövegeiket. Ahhoz, hogy az általános elemzőt használni lehessen, fel kell készítenünk a komi-permják nyelvrendszerre, vagyis a szoftver igényei szerint formalizálnunk kell a komi-permják morfológiát. A tanulmány az elemző alapelveinek ismertetése után ennek a folyamatnak a kihívásaiból mutat be néhány konkrét példát a melléknevekkel és az igékkel kapcsolatban.
Az elme szó ’memória’ jelentése az ómagyar korban
Authors: Szabó Réka
Published: January 2025

Tanulmányomban az elme szó ’memória’ jelentésének létezését bizonyítom az ómagyar korban. Ez a jelentés egy szélesebb körű kutatás „melléktermékeként” került napvilágra. Eredendően a kutatás középpontjában az elme fogalmának konceptualizációja áll, a legrégebbi adatoktól kezdve a jelenkorig. E folyamat rekonstruálásához kigyűjtöttem az elme szó összes ómagyar kori adatát a Magyar Generatív Történeti Szintaxis korpuszából. Ezekből kitűnik, hogy számolhatunk egy ’memória’ és egy ’figyelem’ jelentéssel is, amelyek közül a jelen cikkben a ’memória’ jelentést tárgyalom. Hangsúlyozandó, hogy az elme szó esetében ez a jelentés napjainkban része a köznyelvnek, a mai értelmező szótárak tartalmazzák őket, ám történeti szótárainkban nem szerepelnek. Megtalálhatók viszont számos régi szótárunkban. A kérdés tehát nem az, hogy létezett-e valaha ilyen jelentés, hanem az, hogy meddig nyúlik vissza az adatolhatóságuk, mikor kezdték elfoglalni helyüket a jelentésstruktúrában.
Szinte, szintén, éppen, majd: funkcionális variáció és változás középmagyar regiszterekben
Authors: Varga Mónika
Published: January 2025

A mai magyar köznyelvben a közös eredetű szinte és a szintén eltérően használatos. A 16–18. században ugyanakkor egymás funkcionális variánsai lehettek olyan szerepekben is, amelyekben manapság nem aktívak (emellett kevésbé is vannak feltárva). Az approximátor és az intenzitást, sőt akár meggyőződést kifejező szinte és szintén elhatárolását objektív szerkezeti tényezők híján eddig elsősorban a tágabb kontextus segítette. Jelen tanulmány a kollokációk bevonásával és korszakra jellemző funkcionális variánsokkal való összevetéssel próbál hozzájárulni az egyes korábban feltárt szemantikai-pragmatikai (al)kategóriák szerkezeti-szemantikai sajátosságainak megértéséhez. Az elemzés a variánsok időbeli és az eltérő regisztersajátosságokkal bíró szövegtípusok szerinti megoszlására is kitér.
Stratégiák a belső beszédben
Authors: Bánréti Zoltán , Ugrin Bálint József
Published: January 2025

A belső beszédre vonatkozó nemzetközi kérdőíves kutatások egy továbbfejlesztett változatát elsőként adaptáltuk magyar nyelvre, tanulmányunkban 1675 személy részvételével kinyert eredményeket értelmezünk. Az interneten elérhető kérdőív 35 különböző állítást tartalmazott a belső beszédről. A személyek ezekre válaszoltak a mindig, gyakran néha, előfordult már, soha képezte skála valamelyik elemének kiválasztásával. A válaszmintázat elemzésén túl a mintán belüli varianciák feltárása révén olyan válaszadói csoportokat, azaz válaszadói stratégiákat találtunk, melyek a személyeknek a belső beszédük karakterére vonatkozó élményei variánsait tükrözik. Öt fő válaszadói csoportot, azaz alapstratégiát találtunk: Elszenvedő, Dialogikus-Mondatszerű, Monologikus-Mondatszerű, Monologikus-Sűrített és Hezitáló alapstratégiák. Ezek motiválják a kiinduló feltételezésünket, miszerint a belső beszéd olyan szenzomotoros rendszer, mely mentálisan szimulált jeleket használhat a külső beszédfolyamatok belső modelljében, azaz a belső beszéd a külső beszéd szimulációs modellje lehet.
Assessment of Path Dependence Parameters in Technological Innovation across Russia’s Regions
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Domnich Y. L.
Published: January 2025

The dynamics of technological innovation in regional industries across Russia show significant spatial and temporal disparities. This variation underscores the importance of studying the parameters of innovation path dependence. This study evaluates the role of innovation path dependence and the current level of economic development in driving industrial innovation across various regions of Russia. Using a dynamic autoregressive model, this study examined the current innovation costs and outputs of industrial enterprises as functions of both innovation path dependence (measured by previous values) and the current economic development level (measured by gross regional product) across a panel of 70 Russian regions from 2000 to 2020, with detailed analyses for federal districts and periods 2000–2005, 2006–2010, 2011–2015, and 2016–2020. Results show that most Russian regions manifested a positive innovation path dependence only between 2011 and 2020. Conversely, from 2000 to 2005, some regions exhibited a negative path dependence, which hindered innovation growth. Throughout the entire 2000–2020 period, a region’s current economic development level was found to be a more influential factor in driving innovation than path dependence. The study concludes that the influence of innovation path dependence and regional economic development on innovation output was mainly a compromise—only one factor had a significant impact at a given time. This indicates that innovative enterprises across Russia are vulnerable. However, industries in the Urals and Siberia are an exception; in these regions, the factors at play consistently work together positively, making a substantial contribution to the success of innovation projects. These findings can provide insights into the spatial and temporal economic mechanisms driving innovative development in Russian regions.
Yavaş Seyahat Hareketinin Sürdürülebilir Turizmdeki Yeri: Potansiyel ve Zorluklar
Authors: Akkoç Taner , Korkmaz Halil
Published: January 2025

Turizm küresel sera gazı emisyonlarının yüzde 5’ine sebep olmaktayken bu oranın yüzde 90’ı ulaştırma sektöründen kaynaklanmaktadır. Turizmin yarattığı bu olumsuz etkileri azaltmak için Yavaş Seyahat Hareketi gündeme gelmiştir. Bu kapsamda, çalışmanın amacı başta ekonomik olmak üzere sürdürülebilirliğin boyutları açısından Yavaş Seyahat Hareketinin uygulanabilirliğini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Nitel araştırma yönteminin benimsendiği bu çalışmada veriler seyahat sektörünü temsil eden işletmelerden derinlemesine görüşme yapılarak elde edilmiştir. Veriler içerik analizine ve betimsel analize tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Yavaş Seyahat Hareketi her ne kadar daha çok sosyal ve çevresel açıdan olumlu etkiler yaratsa da ekonomik alanda yaratacağı olumsuz etkiler Yavaş Seyahat Hareketinin uygulanabilirliği konusunda ciddi şüpheleri beraberinde getirmektedir. Araştırmada Yavaş Seyahat Hareketinin özellikle rehberli turlar için uygun bir faaliyet olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca hareketin turizmi değil daha çok rekreasyon alanını ilgilendiren bir faaliyet olabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Determining the Possibility of Lending to Medium-Sized Businesses under the Sanctions Regime
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Russian Federation, Molokov Yuri
Published: January 2025

The article discusses the issue of crediting medium-sized companies in the current economic situation under the influence of sanctions. It examines the specifics of lending to these companies under such conditions. The author used methods such as complex analysis and system analysis. The paper considers the impact of economic restrictions on the Russian economy over the past decade, with a focus on sanctions imposed since 2022. Complex analysis allowed identifying the impact of sanction pressure on the crediting process. System analysis helped establish internal links between risks associated with lending under sanctions and decision-making regarding lending to individual borrowers. A list of the main risks associated with the implementation of a credit mechanism for companies borrowing from banks under the sanctions regime was formulated. The article explores the transformation of trade in trucks and other specialized equipment under economic constraints, as well as the tools banks use to assess the possibility of lending to these borrowers in current conditions.
The article highlights the features of car dealerships and analyzes the truck market in 2023: 144,000 new trucks were sold in the first 12 months of 2023, accounting for 3.9 % of the overall cargo market in the country. There has been a shortage of heavy-duty tractors, estimated at 40,000 units. The top-selling tractor brands were identified – domestic Kamaz and Chinese brands such as Dongfeng, Shacman, Howo, and Sitrak. Historical information is presented on the development of the truck market since 2022, including the role of credit institutions in promoting Chinese models. The activities of a Russian freight transport dealer (the name and location of the company are confidential and subject to bank privacy) are analyzed using the author’s risk assessment method to determine the potential for lending to this business.
Application of Foresight Analysis Methods for Food Supply Research
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Russian Federation, Obukhov Andrey , Obukhova Elena ,   Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Russian Federation,   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

This article discusses the possibilities of using foresight analysis methods in relation to the issue of food supply. Taking into account the fact that food markets are a rather complex object of study, and food supply depends not only on quantitative (volume of consumption, total calorie intake), but also qualitative parameters (quality of nutrition, structure and macronutrient composition of the food basket, provision of micronutrients, etc.), using only quantitative, economic and statistical methods for analysis is inappropriate. The best effect can be achieved by foresight techniques that take into account non-trivial, deep connections and allow a more comprehensive look at the phenomenon under consideration.
Taking into account the above, the authors systematized modern approaches to foresight analysis, considered the most effective methods, such as identifying weak signals and wild card events, and also identified the features of using these methodological approaches for analyzing food markets, which are subject to a wide range of difficult to predict climatic and technogenic factors, as well as factors of geopolitical and macroeconomic nature. An emphasis on identifying implicit connections, and also predicting key reference points that can have a decisive impact on the development of food markets, can help improve economic resilience in the face of emerging global food crises.
Thus, the study allows us to conclude that the use of modern foresight analysis methods for studying food supply issues is highly relevant. Identification of weak signals and wild card events can allow a more rational and realistic approach to constructing scenarios for the development of food industry sectors, as well as early identification of potential threats that could destabilize the situation and have a significant negative impact on the level of food supply, both at the level of individual countries and in the world at large.
Reality as a Side of the Imaginary in the Works of F.M. Dostoevsky
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation, Kholodnova Ksenia
Published: January 2025

In many of his works, the great Russian writer and thinker F.M. Dostoevsky depicted the boundary between sleep and reality, reality and hallucination as flexible, which was noted by many researchers of his work. However, most attempts to comprehend this led to the idea that Dostoevsky’s lack of such a boundary was caused by the madness that struck his characters (K.V. Mochulsky, D.R. Khapaeva, I.I. Evlampiev). With this interpretation of the problem, the idea that reality exists in itself is accepted as a starting premise, and a healthy person sees it as it is, and a mad person sees it as it appears in their altered consciousness. Indeed, in this case, there is a gap in the thesis bequeathed to us by Parmenides about the identity of being and thinking about it. Thus, we are talking about an ontological interpretation of the problem. According to N.A. Berdyaev, Dostoevsky was the most important anthropologist ever before and after him. And F.M. Dostoevsky himself wrote that he was ready to spend his whole life dealing with what a person is, because he wanted to be one. This means that the problems posed in his works need an anthropological interpretation, and in this article philosophical and anthropological analysis is used as the main research method. If we approach this problem from a philosophical and anthropological point of view and raise the question of what reality is for a person, then we should conclude that a person does not know what reality itself is if it is not preceded by a sense of reality for him. Accordingly, we can assert that the plasticity of the boundary between reality and hallucination, dream and reality is not caused by human disease. It is not given to him at all to fi nd out what reality looks like in itself, for a person it is a side of the imaginary. Thus, we understand that a person does not live in the world, but in a picture of the world, and no reality in itself exists for them.
Images of Russia in the Prose of Yu. V. Mamleyev
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economy and Management, Russian Federation, Likhomanov Igor
Published: January 2025

The author of the article examines the dynamics of images of Russia in the works of art of Yu. V. Mamleyev. In the writer’s early works there is no refl ection on Russia as a historical and cultural whole. Mamleyev depicts the hidden world of Soviet marginals who undermine their consciousness with crimes and sexual deviations. The fear of death awakens the attraction to it and the desire of the heroes to know death, finding themselves in an uncertain state between life and death. The image of “external” Russia in Mamleyev’s early works is also deeply pathological and demonstrates all kinds of mental disorders among its inhabitants. The writer’s departure for emigration awakened an interest in artistic reflection on the present and future of Russia in him. Now madness and lack of depth (two-dimensionality) seem to the author to be its essential characteristics. The story “Reflection” captures this image of Russia, which has lost its cultural identity and is deprived of historical memory. After returning to his homeland, the writer’s work became increasingly marked by apocalyptic motifs, characteristic of the national cultural tradition. In the novel “After the End,” Mamleyev creates an image of Russia in the distant future after the End of the World. It is inhabited by creatures deprived of the image and likeness of God, and seized by all kinds of madness. Their existence is an existence between life and death. It’s unbearable. But there are only two ways to get out of it: either to disappear completely from all levels of reality, or to leave the divine Creation into the Abyss of Non-Existence, devoid of any potential. In both cases, this means the end of the Russian Idea, the end of Russia. The author’s inability to fi nd an artistic embodiment of a different, positive image and meaning of Russia’s existence forces him to turn to philosophical journalism, where he constructs his ideal of “eternal Russia.”
Curatorial Strategies of the USSR at the Venice Biennale 1956-1990: Between Ideology and Art
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation, Schneider Julia
Published: January 2025

The article highlights the key principles of organizing exhibitions in the USSR and their implementation in the projects of the national pavilion at the Venice Biennale. At the beginning of the period under study, the Soviet pavilion is organized according to the principle of all-Union exhibitions: the national and cultural diversity of the country and the continuity of generations are demonstrated in the group exhibitions. Various types of fine art are presented, glorifying the ideals of socialism. Subsequently, political changes in the country are reflected in the exhibition of the national pavilion. The promotion of Soviet realistic art occurs through cultural policy, with an increased focus on the tastes of the audience and adjustment to the format of the Biennale. Criticism becomes less harsh, and solo exhibitions of once banned avant-garde artists are held. There is an increasingly noticeable integration into the pan-European artistic context. This trend reached its culmination in 1990, when a Russian exhibition was devoted to pop-artist Robert Rauschenberg.
The article also explores the question of who performed curatorial functions in the Soviet Union. The Venice Biennale is examined as an artistic, economic and political event, based on an analysis of its most striking projects and scandals. Based on archives, interviews and articles, a curatorial system is recreated. The need for a non-binary approach to the study of Soviet culture is noted, in which the official and the private or underground cannot be opposed, just as the artistic and ideological aspects of the exhibition cannot exist in isolation.
The floriculture as an alternative crop: Descriptive analysis, artificial intelligence modeling, scenario analysis and economic analysis
Authors: Coaguila-Rodriguez Peter , Pocomucha-Poma Vicente Serapio , Cerna-Cueva Franco
Published: January 2025

Floriculture is a sector of growing global importance, contributing to employment generation, income creation, and the promotion of biodiversity and sustainability. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the adoption of floriculture as an alternative crop in the province of Leoncio Prado, Peru, and to assess its economic viability. A total of 269 farmers were surveyed, analyzing attitudes, land suitability, and socioeconomic and environmental factors. Influential factors were identified using descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, and logistic regression (p < 0.1). Additionally, multiple machine learning algorithms (Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, KNN, SVM, Ensemble, Neural Networks, Naive Bayes) with cross-validation (k = 5) and AUC metrics were employed to model adoption intentions. Scenarios were developed to increase the willingness to adopt floriculture, and an economic analysis of eight tropical species (Red Ginger, Anthurium, Emperor's Staff, Heliconia, Gardenia, Parrot's Beak, Golden Heliconias, Maracas) was conducted. The results reveal that willingness to change crops, participation in awareness campaigns, allocation of areas for conservation, and cost control are key factors. The neural network model achieved an AUC of 83.3%, and improved scenarios indicate that adoption could increase by up to 11.32%. Red Ginger demonstrated high profitability (NPV S/10428; IRR 51%; PBP 0.7 years). In conclusion, floriculture represents an economically and environmentally viable alternative that contributes to agricultural diversification and sustainability.