bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Environmental Impact within Semiconductor Packaging Materials
Authors: Kettle Jeff , Bainbridge Andrew , Grant Kathleen , Clark Lewis
Published: March 2024

This paper reports the sustainability of materials and components required for PCB manufacturing, namely the substrate material, die-attach method and IC chip design. Electronics

manufacturing processes are generally decided by the technical and economic requirements, and not sustainability,

resulting in poor practices and unintended outcomes. Alternative

methods could be used and this paper reviews some of the drivers and opportunities for sustainable PCB manufacturing. A lifecycle assessment (LCA) was performed on simple Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) and a comparison of the manufacturing approach using FR-4, polyimide and paper-based substrates is made. The impacts of different processing steps were considered, all scored using the ReCiPe Endpoint. The results found solder material has

a significant influence, with lower-temperature solders reducing

the overall environmental impact. However, it has been found

that the component that has the biggest environmental impact overall is the IC. We discuss how die size, technology node and packaging formats effects this rating, and also show how the move towards alternative materials can reduce the environmental

impact of electronic products.
Innovative Silicon-Ceramic (SiCer) Technology for High-Strength Pressure Sensor Applications Using Different Manufacturing Methods
Authors: Kleinholz Cathleen , Fischer Michael , Gutzeit Nam , Cyriax Andrea , Hintz Michael , Ortlepp Thomas , Müller Jens
Published: March 2024

A variety of manufacturing methods can be used

to assemble silicon-based piezoresistive pressure sensors, such as anodic bonding or silicon direct bonding. To achieve highstrength

pressure sensors, a high quality interface connection is required. The combination of silicon and ceramic creates a new

innovative composite system known as Silicon-on-Ceramics, short SiCer. By using a special developed bondable Low

Temperature Co-fired Ceramic tape, which corresponds to the thermal expansion coefficient of Si, the combination of both

materials is possible through a sintering process. Advantages of the SiCer technology are high temperature stability,

manufacturing at wafer-level and a high bond strength at the interface. Different manufactured SiCer-based pressure sensors were fabricated, electrically and mechanically characterized

and compared with anodic bonded and silicon direct bonded

pressure sensors.
LTCC-based Ceramic Substrates for Identification of Trustworthy Electronics
Authors: Krieger Uwe , Schroeter Annett , Bechtold Franz , Hagen Gunter , Goldberg Adrian
Published: March 2024

The technology of low temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) is already established in the production of

reliable and robust electronic assemblies (e.g., multi-chip modules, system-in-package) as well as in safety-critical areas.

With the incorporation of additional features based on surface

profiles modular protection functions and barriers will be

developed as a contribution to trustworthy electronics. Both

obvious and hidden structures are investigated in a modular way, which in combination ensures a one-to-one tamper-proof

identification.
Understanding the Contact Resistance in an ACF Bonding
Authors: Kristiansen Helge , Nghiem Giang M. , Bazilchuk Molly , Aasmundtveit Knut E.
Published: March 2024

Anisotropic Conductive Film (ACF) bonding, the

technique of choice for display interconnects, allows very fine pitch interconnect at a moderate process temperature, typically at the expense of a non-negligible interconnect resistance.

Modern ACFs have conducting particles in a thin layer of highviscosity

adhesive. This allows even finer pitch but comes at the risk of high interconnect resistance due to trapped adhesive

between pad and conductive particle. Conductive particles with spikes are designed to penetrate such a trapped adhesive layer.

In this paper, we compare spiky conductive particles with the traditional, spherical, ones. We measure interconnect

resistance of individual particles in a nano-indentation test

setup, as well as the interconnect resistance of ACF bonding using the two different particles, in daisy-chain measurements.

Interconnect resistance of individual spiky particles is more

than an order of magnitude higher than the one for spherical particles. However, when mixed in an adhesive and used for ACF bonding, the interconnect resistance of ACF with spiky particles is somewhat lower than that of the ACF with spherical

particles. The interconnect resistance of ACF with spherical

particles is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the individual particles, whereas the interconnect resistance of ACF

with spiky particles is comparable to the individual-particle

resistance.

We conclude that trapped adhesive is a major concern for

fine-pitch ACF bonding, and that the use of spiky conductive particles has the potential to overcome these challenges.
Assembly of Ultra-thin MEMS Device on Driver Chip Using Anisotropic Conductive Film
Authors: Nguyen Hoang-Vu , Aasmundtveit Knut Eilif
Published: March 2024

Assembly solution for large-area, ultra-thin, MEMS-based transducer array dies on driver chips has been investigated using dummy Si dies and substrates. The dummy dies have a thickness of 50 μm, a bonding area on the order of 100 mm2 populated with more than a thousand through-silicon

vias connecting corresponding metal pads and redistribution

layer (RDL) on both sides. The dummy substrates have

conventional thickness as well as necessary RDL and pads for bonding and monitoring electrical resistance and stray capacitance of interconnects. Flip-chip interconnection

technology based on anisotropic conductive film (ACF) was selected for bonding and characterization. Handling and ACF

bonding of ultra-thin dies to rigid substrates were eased by means of glass carriers attached to the inactive side of the dies. Proper bonding parameters were identified, providing

sufficiently low interconnect resistance with satisfactory yield.

Stray capacitance of interconnects was found in acceptable

range, though lower stray capacitance should be further

pursued. The results from this work have demonstrated the

feasibility of using ACF for assembling large-area, ultra-thin

dies on rigid substrates.
Cu Pumping Analysis during Cu/SiO2 Hybrid Bonding using In-situ SPM Imaging
Authors: Roshanghias Ali , Kaczynski Jaroslaw , Hangen Ude
Published: March 2024

The assessment of Cu pumping (also known as Cu extrusion) during thermal annealing is vital information for the successful execution of hybrid bonding as well as defect-free processing of the through silicon vias (TSV). Unpredicted Cu pumping can pose major reliability issues. Correspondingly, in

this study, high-temperature analysis of Cu pumping was

conducted utilizing in-situ scanning probe microscopic (SPM) imaging. Cu/SiO2 surfaces with recessed and protruded Cu

topographies were produced by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) and used for Cu pumping investigations. The amount of Cu pumping upon thermal annealing up to 400°C and cooling down to room temperature was precisely quantified. The SPM

results were compared with FEM simulation results, and a numerical equation for Cu pumping was proposed, accordingly.

It was shown that by using in-Situ SMP imaging, valuable

information on the behavior of hybrid Cu/dielectric surfaces can be generated.
Voiding in Parylene-C Encapsulation of Surface Mount LEDs for an Optogenetic Epilepsy Neuroprosthesis
Authors: Shah Idil Ahmad , Bailey Richard , Escobedo-Cousin Enrique , Gausden Johannes , O’Neill Antony , Donaldson Nick
Published: March 2024

It is often assumed that Parylene-C encapsulation films are void-free & conformal by nature of their vapour

deposition. We present a case study in an optrode device where voiding occurs; we argue the voids originate from the geometry of the substrate and from the use of surface mount components.

The segment under study consists of a commercial LED bonded with Au/Au thermosonic bonding onto a custom silicon

substrate. We demonstrate via micro-sectioning that there is

polymer voiding behaviour (1) in sub-LED surfaces; and (2)

within through-hole vias in the silicon substrate (channels

designed to allow polymer vapour ingress during deposition). By

making a comparison to the solutions found in the IC industry

around tungsten vapour filling of blind vias, we present geometric solutions for failure mitigation.
High Frequency Thin Film Magnetics-on-Silicon with Improved Inductance and Resistance
Authors: Sittner Martin , Shousha Mahmoud , Haug Martin
Published: March 2024

In the electronics industry there is a significant trend towards miniaturization of electronic devices. At

the same time, system functionality should continue to be guaranteed or improved. To support the increasing level of integration, magnetics-on-silicon is introduced [1]. The main goal of this paper is to show improvement compared to previous works [1] by increasing the magnetic core and copper thicknesses.
Helicobacter pylori-Associated Immune Thrombocytopenia: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Gosavi Siddharth , Krishnan Gokul , Kumar Vinay , Nityandila Chinmayee Anand , Rao Amogh Ananda , Singh Shiana , Shastry Barkur Anantha Krishna
Published: March 2024

The relationship between immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and Helicobacter
pylori infection has largely been an unexplored entity. This review article aims at focusing on the role of H. pylori in secondary ITP. We also elucidated the importance of diagnostic workup and treatment of H. pylori in this article. The mechanisms of H. pylori-associated ITP have been covered in this article. The factors determining platelet response to H. pylori eradication therapy have been mentioned. It is extremely crucial to be aware that H. pylori is a major causative pathogen for new-onset ITP as well as chronic ITP. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy is the best invasive method for the diagnosis of the same. Further studies need to be conducted across larger, more diverse groups to validate our observation that eradication of H. pylori could aid platelet recovery in ITP.
Fish Waste Alchemy: Innate and Acquired Immunity Assessment Followed Vaccinated against Kocuriasis and Investigate the Function of Low Molecular Weight Peptides of Kilka Fish Stick-water As Both Immunostimulant and Adjuvant in Farmed Rainbow Trout
Authors: Yeganeh Nazila , Smiley Amirhossein , Kalbassi Mohammadreza
Published: March 2024

Investigation of the immunogenicity of Caspian sea sprat stick-water, rich in hydrolysate protein was set as the aim of this study. Therefore, peptides below 3 kilo Daltons were isolated, and then the concentration of low molecular peptides (μg/μl) was measured. Kocuria rhisophila bacterium, which is known as one of the pathogenic agents of rainbow trout reared, was formalin- killed to make its vaccine with concentration of 2×109 CFU/ml in Tris-Buffered Saline. Eight treatments with 3 repetitions, consist of 240 individuals were considered. Three treatments were injected by concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 mg/body weight of stick-water containing low molecular peptides. In one treatment, bacterin was injected alone; in the three treatments, bacterin was injected along with doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/body weight of the stick-water. In addition, Tris-Buffered Saline was injected into the control treatment. Next, to measure immunity, innate immunity factors were examined. Finally, in order to check the specific immunity, the challenge was done by immersion with a concentration of 1.2 x 108 CFU/ml of Kocuria rhizophila, after 14 days, the blood bacteremia test of all treatments was performed. According to the results, stick-water containing low molecule peptides was immunogenic in low doses.
Kazus tzw. uchwał rocznicowych Sejmu na 2024 r. Regulacja regulaminowa i praktyka sejmowa
Authors: Skotnicki Krzysztof , Szmyt Andrzej
Published: March 2024

The article discusses the statutory procedure for adopting resolutions of the Sejm on declaring a given year a year of a person or event (the so-called anniversary resolutions) and the practice of working on them in the Committee on Culture and Media of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland. Frequent changes in regulations and the increasing number of patrons are criticized, and above all, the inappropriate role of the Committee’s presidium, which often does not submit all drafts of resolutions which are addressed for its consideration. Weaknesses during the work on the so-called anniversary resolutions in 2023 resulted in another amendment to the Rules of Procedure of the Sejm relating to it.
Analyzing Hydrogen Policy and Technology Trends: Focusing on Korea and Japan
Authors:   The Korean-Japanese Economics & Management Association, Kim Gyu-Pan , Lee Jun Yeong
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Korea enacted the world’s first hydrogen law and has made great efforts to become the world’s No. 1 hydrogen economy through its steadfast policy of promoting the hydrogen economy until the 5th NDC in 2022. In particular, the role of hydrogen is being emphasized more than ever in the 2030 NDC and the 10th Long-Term Electricity Supply Plan, making it urgent to proactively invest and establish policies.
Research design, data, and methodology: This study compares and analyses the current status of hydrogen-related policies and technologies in Korea and Japan, and aims to build on Japan’s successes and learn from its failures in developing the hydrogen industry based on Korea’s unique characteristics.
Results: This report compares the current status of hydrogen policy and technology in Korea and Japan, draws implications, and analyzes what Korea can learn from Japan. Specifically, we emphasized the importance of the government providing guidelines for hydrogen prices, continuing to invest in basic R&D, and collaborating with companies that can leverage their overseas networks, such as corporations. In order to achieve the global goal of carbon neutrality, it is preferable for the two countries to cooperate and create synergies rather than compete.
Implications: It emphasizes the importance for Korea to learn from benchmarking with Japan in the field of hydrogen energy, improve its competitiveness, and explore opportunities for cooperation between the two countries. Japan is a global leader in hydrogen energy, providing technology development and demonstration cases, which Korea can use to improve its own strategy and find new directions. In addition, both countries are pursuing the hydrogen energy transition in similar environments, and can improve their competitiveness by understanding and analyzing each other’s policies and technologies. Finally, if both countries share common goals, they can find opportunities for cooperation through technology development, supply chain construction, market opening, etc. to accelerate the hydrogen energy transition and maximize mutual benefits.
The Impact of Corporate Organizational Culture Incorporate on Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction
Authors:   The Korean-Japanese Economics & Management Association, Shin Young-Ae , Lim Dal-Ho
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of organizational culture type on organizational commitment and job satisfaction of foreign companies in Mongolia. This study intended to present a strategic implications as a means toseek an organizational culture suitable for organizational members in Mongolia by examining organizational culture recognized as effective one by organizational members in Mongolia
Research design, data, and methodology: A questionnaire survey was conducted in the employees working at foreign companies in Mongolia to verify the research model and hypotheses developed based on previous research and statistical analysis was conducted for the collected 281 ones.
Results: The results are as follows: First, hierarchy culture had a significant effect on organizational commitment. Second, Clan culture had a significant effect on organizational commitment. Third, Adhocracy culture had a significant effect on organizational commitment. Fourth, market culture had a significant effect on organizational commitment. Fifth, organizational commitment had a significant effect on job satisfaction.
Implications: Foreign companies are required to establish an organizational culture suitable for improving organizational commitment and job satisfaction of organization members in the local country. It is necessary to construct an organizational culture with reference the results of this study showing that hierarchy culture, market culture, Adhocracy culture, and Clan oriented culture influence organizational commitment in that order and efforts at the company level are needed to continuously improve job satisfaction through organizational commitment.
Vacío jurídico en el código orgánico integral penal respecto a la necesidad del procesado de comparecer a la toma del testimonio anticipado
Authors: Pauta Polo Viviana Alexandra , Zamora Vázquez Ana Fabiola
Published: March 2024

El presente tema de investigación es crucial debido a las vulneraciones que actualmente enfrenta el proceso penal en Ecuador, especialmente en relación con el testimonio anticipado. El Código Orgánico Integral Penal (COIP) no regula la comparecencia del sospechoso en esta diligencia, lo que afecta gravemente sus derechos, incluyendo el principio de contradicción y el derecho a la defensa. Esta falta de regulación compromete la integridad del proceso y las garantías constitucionales y legales fundamentales. El estudio busca demostrar esta vulneración y proponer una reforma al COIP para corregir esta deficiencia. El objetivo de este estudio es evidenciar la vulneración al debido proceso en el contexto del testimonio anticipado, debido a la ausencia de comparecencia del sospechoso. Se pretende demostrar cómo esta situación afecta el principio de contradicción, la inmediación y el derecho a la defensa, mediante el análisis de la legislación y la jurisprudencia. La finalidad última es proponer reformas al COIP que corrijan esta deficiencia y restauren la integridad del proceso penal en Ecuador. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo para este estudio, empleando métodos inductivo-deductivo, analítico-sintético y dogmático-jurídico. El método inductivo-deductivo permitió analizar la normativa y la jurisprudencia para identificar patrones y deducir conclusiones sobre la vulneración de los derechos del sospechoso. El método analítico-sintético facilitó la comprensión detallada de la situación actual y la identificación de soluciones potenciales. Por último, el método dogmático-jurídico se empleó para examinar la normativa legal y su aplicación en la práctica, identificando las deficiencias que requieren reforma. Existe una grave vulneración de los derechos del sospechoso en el proceso penal ecuatoriano, específicamente en relación con el testimonio anticipado. La falta de comparecencia del sospechoso a esta diligencia compromete el principio de contradicción, la inmediación y el derecho a la defensa, tanto para el sospechoso como para la víctima. Esta situación evidencia la necesidad urgente de reformar el COIP para garantizar un proceso penal justo y equitativo. Es imperativo plantear una reforma al Código Orgánico Integral Penal para abordar la falta de regulación sobre la comparecencia del sospechoso en el testimonio anticipado. Esta reforma es crucial para restaurar la integridad del proceso penal en Ecuador y garantizar el respeto de los derechos fundamentales de todas las partes involucradas.
Prime Labelings of Snake Graphs
Authors: Bigham Abigail , Donovan Elizabeth Ann , Pack James , Turley Jordan , Wiglesworth Lesley
Published: March 2024

A prime labeling of a graph G with n vertices is a labeling of the vertices with distinct integers from the set {1, 2 ,..., n} such that the labels of any two adjacent vertices are relatively prime. In this paper, we introduce a snake graph, the fused union of identical cycles, and define a consecutive snake prime labeling for this new family of graphs. We characterize some snake graphs that have a consecutive snake prime labeling and then consider a variation of this labeling.
Straightening Identities in the Onsager Algebra
Authors: Chamberlin Samuel Herron , Rafizadeh Azadeh , Samsel Matthew , Strong Denver
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this work is to formulate and prove some straightening identities in the Onsager algebra. Our identities allow one to rewrite specific products of basis elements as linear combinations of products which are in a different order. Such identities could be helpful in understanding the representation theory of the Onsager algebra.
Using Common Academic Indicators to Predict Graduation Rates at CSUN, 2005-2014
Authors: Martinez Jorge , Miller Andrew , Wolff Richard , Shapiro Bruce , Shubin Carol
Published: March 2024

The median time to graduation at California State University, Northridge (CSUN) is five years and fewer than fifty percent of first time freshmen graduate in less than eight years. We used data mining and predictive analytics to determine some of the key academic indicators of success at CSUN. The most important indicators that we found were (a) which math course the student was placed in (or took first); (b) student grade point average (GPA) at the end of each of the first two terms in residence; and (c) successful completion of a freshman experience seminar course (UNIV 100). When all three are considered simultaneously, we can correctly identify over two thirds of the students who will drop out without graduating, while misidentifying approximately one-fifth of students who ultimately graduate as at-risk of not graduating.
Canonical Expressions of Algebraic Curvature Tensors
Authors: Ragosta Kaitlin
Published: March 2024

Algebraic curvature tensors can be expressed in a variety of ways, and it is helpful to develop invariants that can distinguish between them. One potential invariant is the signature of R, which could be defined in a number of ways, similar to the signature of an inner product. This paper shows that any algebraic curvature tensor defined on a vector space V with dim(V) = n can be expressed using only canonical algebraic curvature tensors from forms with rank k or higher for any k in {2,...,n}, and that such an expression is not unique, eliminating some possibilities for what one might define the signature of R to be. We also provide bounds on the minimum number of algebraic curvature tensors of rank k needed to express any given R.
Sequences, q-multinomial Identities, Integer Partitions with Kinds, and Generalized Galois Numbers
Authors: Avalos Adrian , Bly Mark
Published: March 2024

Using sequences of finite length with positive integer entries and the inversion statistic on such sequences, a collection of binomial and multinomial identities are extended to their q-analog form via combinatorial proofs. Using the major index statistic on sequences, a connection between finite differences of the coefficients of generalized Galois numbers and integer partitions with kinds is established.
On Numerical Semigroups with Almost-Maximal Genus
Authors: Arroyo Joshua , Autry Jackson , Crandall Charlotte , Lefler Jess , Ponomarenko Vadim
Published: March 2024

A numerical semigroup is a cofinite subset of N0, containing 0, that is closed under addition.  Its genus is the number of nonnegative integers that are missing.  A numerical set is a similar object, not necessarily closed under addition.  If T is a numerical set, then A(T)={n in N0 : n+T is a subset of T} is a numerical semigroup.  Recently a paper appeared counting the number of numerical sets T where A(T) is a numerical semigroup of maximal genus.  We count the number of numerical sets T where A(T) is a numerical semigroup of almost-maximal genus, i.e. genus one smaller than maximal.
Caustics of Light Rays and Euler's Angle of Inclination
Authors: Koshkin Sergiy , Rocha Ivan
Published: March 2024

Euler used intrinsic equations expressing the radius of curvature as a function of the angle of inclination to find curves similar to their evolutes. We interpret the evolute of a plane curve optically, as the caustic (envelope) of light rays normal to it, and study the Euler's problem for general caustics. The resulting curves are characterized when the rays are at a constant angle to the curve, generalizing the case of evolutes. Aside from analogs of classical solutions we encounter some new types of curves. We also consider caustics of parallel rays reflected by a curved mirror, where Euler's problem leads to a novel pantograph equation, and describe its analytic solutions.
Tight Frame Graphs Arising as Line Graphs
Authors: Furst Veronika , Grotts Howard
Published: March 2024

Dual multiplicity graphs are those simple, undirected graphs that have a weighted Hermitian adjacency matrix with only two distinct eigenvalues.  From the point of view of frame theory, their characterization can be restated as which graphs have a representation by a tight frame.  In this paper, we classify certain line graphs that are tight frame graphs and improve a previous result on the embedding of frame graphs in tight frame graphs.
Biases in Moments of the Dirichlet Coefficients in One-Parameter Families of Elliptic Curves
Authors: Miller Steven J. , Weng Yan
Published: March 2024

Elliptic curves arise in many important areas of modern number theory. One way to study them is to take local data, the number of solutions modulo a prime p, and create an L-function. The behavior of this global object is related to two of the seven Clay Millenial Problems: the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture and the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis. We study one-parameter families over Q(T). We look at the r-th moment of the series expansion of the L-function (the p-th coefficient is related to the number of solutions to the elliptic curve modulo p). Rosen and Silverman showed biases in the first moment equal the rank of the Mordell-Weil group of rational solutions.

Michel proved the main term of the second moment is universal, with the lower order terms smaller by at least a factor of the square-root of the prime. Based on several special families where computations can be done in closed form, Miller in his thesis conjectured that the largest lower-order term in the second moment that does not average to 0 is on average negative. He further showed that such a negative bias has implications in the distribution of zeros of the elliptic curve L-function near the central point. To date, evidence for this conjecture is limited to special families. In this paper, we explore the first and second moments of some one-parameter families of elliptic curves, looking to see if the biases persist and exploring the consequence these have on fundamental properties of elliptic curves. We observe that in all of the one-parameter families where we can compute in closed form that the first term that does not average to zero in the second-moment expansion of the Dirichlet coefficients has a negative average. In addition to studying some additional families where the calculations can be done in closed form, we also systematically investigate families of various ranks. These are the first general tests of the conjecture; while we cannot in general obtain closed form solutions, we discuss computations which support or contradict the conjecture. We then generalize to higher moments, and see evidence that the bias continues in the even moments.
On Determining the Equation of a Salkowski Curve Satisfying tau/kappa=1/s
Authors: Oh Yun Myung , Garcia-Roblero Devin
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we determine the equation of a Salkowski curve whose ratio of torsion to curvature is given by 1/s, where s is the arc length of the curve. The Frenet-Serret equations provide the third-order vector differential equation for the unit tangent vector T(s) and the general (series) solution was obtained. In the end, the series solution is entirely determined by the given initial conditions.
Using Dynamic Active Subspaces to Construct Surrogate Models for Calibrating Tumor Growth Models to Data
Authors: Vu Phuong Nam , Lewis Allison
Published: March 2024

While the use of complex ODE models describing tumor growth and tumor-immune interactions may be desirable for accurately representing the biological mechanisms that govern tumor growth, the high-dimensionality of the parameter space can make it difficult to uniquely identify optimal parameter estimates during model calibration. Construction of a surrogate model that can accurately approximate the quantity of interest with fewer parameters may enable us to fit this alternate model to the data in place of the original ODE system. In this investigation, we consider how active subspaces may be used to construct time-dependent surrogate models with reduced parameter dimension, and analyze the trade-offs in parameter identifiability, model fit error, and computational run-time to provide a roadmap for ensuring an identifiable parameter set during model calibration.
A Reduction Algorithm for Volterra Integral Equations
Authors: Gustavson Richard , Rosen Sarah
Published: March 2024

An integral equation is a way to encapsulate the relationships between a function and its integrals. We develop a systematic way of describing Volterra integral equations – specifically an algorithm that reduces any separable Volterra integral equation into an equivalent one in operator-linear form, i.e., one that only contains iterated integrals. This serves to standardize the presentation of such integral equations so as to only consider those containing iterated integrals. We use the algebraic object of the integral operator, the twisted Rota-Baxter identity, and vertex-edge decorated rooted trees to construct our algorithm.
MOTION CONTROL DYNAMICS OF TRANSPORT VEHICLE ON LONG DESCENTS
Authors:   Kurgan State University, DERZHANSKII Victor B. , TARATORKIN Igor A. ,   Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, VOLKOV Alexander A. ,   Kurgan State University
Published: March 2024

The article provides a rationale for the need to develop an additional braking control system for a transport vehicle to limit the movement speed under the action of rolling forces and to protect the engine from exceeding the permissible speed, “overshooting” the speed. Design options for four systems that dissipate kinetic energy are considered, and the effectiveness of their use is assessed: in periodically switched off clutches in the transmission; in a hydraulic retarder, containing a rotor and a stator, where kinetic energy turns into heat and is dissipated into the environment; in two complex hydrodynamic transmissions, the design of which integrates a torque converter and a hydraulic retarder. In the first version of the system, kinetic energy turns into heat when the transmission clutches are periodically turned on and off; in the second option, energy transformation is carried out in the retarder circulation circle containing the rotor and the stator; in the third embodiment, in an additional circuit of the circulation circle of the working fluid of a hydrodynamic transmission, containing a pump, turbine, reactor wheels and an additionally introduced fourth wheel, which can serve as the stator; in the fourth version, the pump wheel of the torque converter can perform the additional function of the hydraulic retarder rotor, and the hydrodynamic transmission housing can function as the stator.
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POWDER MATERIALS BASED ON MECHANOSYNTHESIZED METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES Ni-TiC
Authors:   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, KOVALIOVA Svetlana A. , ZHORNIK Viktor I. ,   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, VITYAZ Pyotr A. ,   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, GRIGOREVA Tatiana F. ,   Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, DUDINA Dina V. ,   Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, UKHINA Arina V. ,   Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, VIDYUK Tomila M. ,   Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, VOSMERIKOV Sergey V. ,   Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, DEVYATKINA Evgeniya T. ,   Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, LYAKHOV Nikolay Z. ,   Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS
Published: March 2024

The article considers the mechanochemical preparation of TiC-Ni composites in reaction mixtures of Ti-C-Ni powders and the formation of the structure of materials during their sintering under pressure. The synthesis was carried out in an AGO-2 planetary ball mill with a mixture processing time of 12 and 20 min; their subsequent sintering was performed at a temperature of 950 °C and a pressure of 130 MPa. The results of diffraction studies are presented for structural-phase transformations in mixtures of equimolar composition of titanium and carbon depending on the nickel content in the range of 50–70 wt.%. It is established that an increase in the Ni concentration leads to a decrease in the size of the formed TiCx crystallites from 29 ± 1 to 16 ± 1 nm. A high carbon content TiC0.88–0.98 carbide is formed in Ti-C-(50 and 60 %)Ni compositions and non-stoichiometric TiC0.62–0.78 at 70 % Ni. The microstructure of dispersion-strengthened grains of the nickel solid solution is formed during sintering of TiC/(50–60 %)Ni mechanocomposites. Titanium carbide inclusions have a spherical shape and a diameter of 60–100 nm. When sintering TiC/70%Ni, depleted titanium carbide has a grain boundary distribution with the formation of large (~400 nm) agglomerates. The microhardness of sintered materials is in the range of 850–900 HV.
Human Protothecosis: Case Report of a Rare Algal Infection
Authors: ACBP Freitas
Published: March 2024

Protothecosis: is a rare disease caused by opportunistic algae infection of the genus Prototheca. An 84-year-old female patient has presented with an erythematous, infiltrated, papulopustular plaque with areas of central atrophy on the left forearm for the past 10 months. Histopathology revealed structures similar to morulae, corresponding to algae, and culture was positive for Prototheca spp. Itraconazole 200 mg/day was prescribed, resulting in improvement of cutaneous lesions. Protothecosis has a high potential for underreporting and misdiagnosis due to its rarity and linical similarities with other dermatoses. The patient in this study presented a lesion in a typical area due to the ease of trauma and entry point, with a good therapeutic response to oral antifungal monotherapy.
Acidentes de trabalho: direitos e deveres dos enfermeiros
Authors: Nunes Ana Isabel Marques , Afonso Isaac Afonso Chimuco , Fernandes João Filipe , Mancelos Maria do Céu , Henriques Pedro Miguel Santos , Melo Rosa Cândida
Published: March 2024

Introdução:Os enfermeiros são o grupo profissional com maior representatividade nas instituições de saúde e pelas características inerentes à sua profissão apresentam elevado risco para os acidentes de trabalho.  Objetivos: Identificar as dificuldades dos enfermeiros no uso dos seus direitos e deveres em contexto de acidente de trabalho, propor estratégias que permitam facilitar a compreensão do enquadramento legal e sensibilizar para a importância da notificação do Acidente de Trabalho.  Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo com uma abordagem quantitativa, descritivo exploratório, com recolha de dados através de questionário aplicado a 27 enfermeiros de um serviço de Medicina de um Hospital Central para avaliação diagnóstica sobre os conhecimentos dos enfermeiros no âmbito dos Acidentes de Trabalho, direitos e deveres, sendo posteriormente elaborada uma proposta de intervenção. Resultados: Á questão sobre o conhecimento da lei geral do trabalho que dá suporte aos Acidentes de Trabalho, 67% refere que sim e 33% refere que não; Dos que tiveram acidente (n=9), foi questionado se “fizeram participação de acidente de trabalho”, 67% respondeu que não e 33% respondeu que sim; Relativamente à questão sobre o que fizeram “Quando sofreu acidente de trabalho”, 67% não participou porque teve folgas e esperou que melhorasse e 33% teve que faltar ao trabalho. À questão “porque não faz participação de acidente de trabalho”, 36% não tem conhecimento do procedimento institucional e 44% desvalorizam os acidentes de trabalho. Estes resultados permitiram a elaboração de uma proposta de atuação que passa pela consciencialização dos enfermeiros dos seus direitos e deveres, através de ações de formação; realização de um fluxograma de atuação em caso de Acidente de Trabalho e designação de um enfermeiro provedor, tendo como função principal a defesa e promoção dos direitos e interesses dos enfermeiros.  Conclusão: A capacitação e sensibilização para a legislação laboral, sobre os Acidentes de Trabalho, pode surgir como uma medida positiva para os enfermeiros. Estabelecer um ponto de contacto ou serviço especializado em questões legais relacionadas com Acidentes de Trabalho, pode oferecer apoio direto aos enfermeiros, permitindo esclarecer dúvidas, orientar sobre os procedimentos legais e fornecer conselhos sobre o processo de notificação.
Evaluation of genetic parameters of growth traits in G2 selected generation of Penaeus monodon
Authors: Jiang Song , Wang Jieyi , Yang Wanli , Kong Dewei , Yang Qibin , Huang Jianhua , Yang Lishi , Li Yundong , Zhou Falin
Published: March 2024

Fifteen whole sib families of the second-generation Penaeus monodon were constructed using artificial mating design in 2020. After labeling the families with fluorescent markers, the growth traits and genetic parameters were evaluated in a cement pond for 56 days. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of growth traits was 11.52-47.53%, indicating a high genetic variation. The heritability range of growth traits of the G2 population of P. monodon was 0.25±0.03-0.41±0.13, which belonged to medium and high heritability, and the statistical test results were significant (P<0.01). The heritability of body length and body weight were 0.38±0.11 and 0.41±0.13, respectively. The evaluation results of genetic correlation among growth traits were highly positive, and the statistical test results were significant (P<0.01). The genetic correlation between body weight and body length was the highest (0.99), and the genetic correlation between the width of the first carapace and the height of the first abdominal segment was the lowest (0.71). The phenotypic correlation between body weight and body length was the highest (0.93), and the lowest was head breastplate width and first abdominal segment height (0.53). These results showed that the G2 generation population of P. monodon has high genetic improvement potential, and the combination of family selection and individual selection achieved better genetic gain. The growth traits were highly positively correlated. Body length and body weight could be selected as the key traits for fast growth line selection, while the other growth traits could be indirectly selected through positive genetic correlation.
The Influence of Work-Family Conflict and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention with Organizational Commitment as a Mediation Variable in Bebek Tepi Sawah Employees Restaurant Ubud
Authors:   University Postgraduate Program, Warmadewa I Kadek Teja Atmajaya , Amerta I Made Suniastha ,   University Postgraduate Program, Udayana Putra Ida Bagus ,   University Postgraduate Program, Panca Dewi I Gusti Agung ,   University Postgraduate Program
Published: March 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of work-family conflict and job satisfaction on turnover intention with organizational commitment as a mediating variable in Bebek Tepi Sawah Restaurant Ubud employees. The sample in this study included all employees of Bebek Tepi Sawah Restaurant Ubud. The number of samples in this study was 62 people. Testing the research hypothesis uses the Partial Least Square (PLS) application. The results of this research show that: (1) Work family conflict has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention. (2) Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention. (3) Work family conflict has a positive and insignificant effect on organizational commitment. (4) Job satisfaction has a negative and significant effect on organizational commitment. (5) Organizational commitment has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention. (6) Organizational commitment does not mediate the relationship between work family conflict and turnover intention. (7) Organizational commitment partially mediates the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention.
The Mediating Role of E-Trust Between Online Customer Review, Online Customer Rating, and E-Service Quality on Customer Loyalty on the E-Commerce Site Shopee (Case Study of the Seberang Ulu Community of Palembang City)
Authors:   Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia, Octadyla Malikal Mulki
Published: March 2024

This research uses a quantitative approach method. The population in this study were the people of the Seberang Ulu Region of Palembang City with a sample size of 170 respondents. Data collection techniques using primary in the form of distributing questionnaires using a Likert scale. The data analysis technique in this study used Structural Equation Modeling with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach with the help of the SmartPLS 3.0 application program. The results of this study indicate that: Online Customer Review has no effect on Customer Loyalty, Online Customer Rating has no effect on Customer Loyalty, E-Service Quality affects Customer Loyalty, Online Customer Review affects E-Trust, Online Customer Rating affects E-Trust, E-Service Quality affects E-Trust, E-Trust has an effect on Customer Loyalty, E-Trust is able to mediate Online Customer Review on Customer Loyalty indicated by the calculation of Indirect Effect, E-Trust is able to mediate Online Customer Rating on Customer Loyalty indicated by the calculation of Indirect Effect, E-Trust is able to mediate E-Service Quality on Customer Loyalty indicated by the calculation of Indirect Effect.
Empathy and Hate Speech in Social Media: The Case of Indonesia
Authors:   Psychologist, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya, Indonesia, Rahmi Dr. Kus Hanna
Published: March 2024

Hate speech on social media in Indonesia 10 years ago has become a very interesting topic of discussion. Many of these incidents occur and are perpetrated by teenagers, with implications for violence and their psychological well-being. Hate speech on social media, particularly in the Indonesian context, presents a multifaceted challenge that requires a combination of technological solutions, legal frameworks, and community interventions to effectively combat its spread and impact. By utilizing insights from research on hate speech detection, empathy promotion, and regulatory frameworks, stakeholders can work towards creating a safer and more inclusive online environment in Indonesia. Strengthening digital literacy, as suggested in the references, is essential to empower individuals to identify and respond effectively to hate speech. Legal measures, as emphasized in the references, play an important role in combating hate speech, with the establishment of specialized units such as the Indonesian Virtual Police contributing to monitoring and handling hate speech incidents. Community engagement and educational programs, as discussed in the references, are crucial in promoting dialogue, tolerance, and understanding to foster a culture of mutual respect and empathy.
Effect of community based intervention on childhood pneumonia and its risk factors in slums of Dibrugarh, Assam
Authors: Nirmolia Nabanita , Mahanta Tulika Goswami , Roy Sailen
Published: March 2024

Background: Pneumonia, one leading cause of mortality in children. Preventing pneumonia related deaths is an urgent priority to meet sustainable development goals. Settings and Design: Community based cross sectional study in two registered slums Chandmarighat and Graham bazar in Dibrugarh, Assam. Methods and Material:  2 out of 10 registered slums were chosen and a baseline cross sectional study was done to list out the risk factors. Based on the risk factors, community based intervention was done by capacity building of frontline workers and monitoring and suportive supervision in one while only monitoring was done in non intervention slum. Taking 95% confidence interval for two tail distribution, the sample size in each of the slums was 300. Statistical analysis: done by using SPSS 20, rates, ratios, proportions, univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Prevalence of pneumonia was significantly low (9.33% vs 16.33%) in intervention and non-intervention area (p<0.001). Univariate analysis reported that initiation of complementary feeding before 6 months and indoor air pollution were associated with pneumonia in intervened area(p<0.001). Multivariate analysis was done and type of family, complementary feeding before 6 months and indoor air pollution were associated with pneumonia in intervened area. Conclusions: Community based interventions targeting the established risk factors found effective in reducing the childhood pneumonia.
Perception about Community Medicine as a subject and career preference among undergraduate students
Authors: Padhiyar Pratiksha Rameshbhai , Jasani Pratik Kishorbhai , Sochaliya Kishor Mansukhbhai
Published: March 2024

Background: In the pursuit of cultivating primary physicians, the Department of Community Medicine (CM) emphasizes value-based education for undergraduates, aiming to shape the foundation of a first-contact doctor. Despite this, only a minority ultimately selects CM as their specialty. Aim & Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate how undergraduates perceive CM as both a subject and a career choice. Additionally, the study aimed to identify the factors influencing students' decisions to either choose or not choose CM as a career path. Methods and Material: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among medical college undergraduates, utilizing a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire with a Likert scale through Google Forms, ensuring informed consent. Results: Among 411 students, 259 participated, with a mean age of 21.23 ± 1.39 years. While participants generally held a positive perception of CM, only 1.1% considered it as a career choice. Top reasons against opting CM were "unpopularity compared to clinical subjects," "lack of clinical exposure," and "insufficient information on future prospects." Conclusion: Students recognize the significance of CM and possess a positive opinion, yet there exists reluctance in choosing it as a career.