bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Antiproliferative Activity Evaluation of Juglone-Loaded BSA Nanoparticles
Authors: Jahanban-Esfahlan Ali , Davaran Soodabeh , Dastmalchi Siavoush
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Today, the discovery of novel and effective chemotherapeutic compounds is the main challenge in cancer therapy. In recent years, the anti-tumoral activity of natural naphthoquinone juglone (JUG), present in different parts of walnut trees, has received considerable interest. The purpose of the current study was to prepare and evaluate the in vitro antiproliferative activity of JUG-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (JUG-BSA NPs). Methods: BSA NPs and JUG-BSA NPs were prepared using the desolvation technique. The NPs were characterized for their particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), drug loading (DL) capacity and encapsulation efficiency (EE). The anti-proliferative activity of JUG-BSA NPs was evaluated on A431 and HT29 cancer cell lines using cellular uptake and MTT assays. Results: The PS and ZP values of JUG-BSA NPs were 85 ± 6.55 nm and −29.6 mV, respectively. The DL capacity and EE were 3.7% to 5% and 50.4% to 94.6%, respectively. The cytotoxicity of JUG-BSA NPs was significantly less on both cultured A431 and HT29 cells at the studied concentrations when compared to free JUG. However, the effect was not very substantial, particularly at high levels. Conclusion: In conclusion, BSA NPs can be used as a suitable and safe carrier for the delivery of JUG, a cytotoxic hydrophobic natural compound.
Evaluation of Silibinin Effect on U-CH2 and MCF-7 Cell Lines through xCELLigence System
Authors: Jahanafrooz Zohreh , Rinner Beate
Published: April 2022

Silibinin is an herbal polyphenol with high antioxidant and anticancer properties. In this study, its influence on U-CH2 (human sacral chordoma cell line) and MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma cell line) cells was investigated and compared. We analyzed real-time cell viability by xCELLigence system. It was found that the cytotoxic effect of silibinin began about 10 hours after administration. Silibinin differentially influenced MCF-7 and U-CH2 cells and caused decrease in the cell index value of MCF-7 cells more than U-CH2 cells (more than 2 times) at 24 h. This suggests that silibinin is a promising drug for breast cancer but less favorable for chordoma.
Localised Delivery of Cisplatin from Chitosan-Coated Titania Nanotube Array Nanosystems Targeting Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Effendy Wan Nuramiera Faznie Wan Eddis , S. M. N. Mydin Rabiatul Basria , Gazzali Amirah Mohd , Sreekantan Srimala
Published: April 2022

Pupose: Cisplatin (CDDP), while amongst the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs currently available, is well known to have a number of limitations, such as the lack of a single treatment approach and non-specific targeted therapies. Therefore, the development of an innovative strategy that could achieve localised CDDP treatment is an urgent undertaking. Recent advances in titania nanotube arrays (TNA) technology have demonstrated promising applications for localised chemotherapeutic drug treatment. The present work investigated the efficiency of a TNA nanosystem for the localised CDDP treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: Two models of the TNA nanosystem were prepared: one consisted of CDDP loaded onto the TNA nanosystem surface (CDDP-TNA) and the other consisted of chitosan-coated CDDP-TNA. CDDP release from these two systems was comprehensively tested on the NPC cell lines NPC/HK-1 and C666-1. The NPC cytotoxicity profile of the two CDDP-TNA nanosystems was evaluated after incubation for 24, 48 and 72 h. Intracellular damage profiles were studied using fluorescence staining microscopic analysis with Hoechst 33342, acridine orange and propidium iodide. Results: The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of CDDP at 24 h were 0.50 mM for NPC/HK-1 and 0.05 mM for C666-1. CDDP in the CDDP-TNA and chitosan-coated CDDP-TNA models presented a significant degree of NPC inhibition (p < 0.05) after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure. Fluorescence microscopy images revealed cellular damage and shrinkage of the cell membranes after 48 h of exposure to CDDP-TNA. Conclusion: This in vitro work demonstrated the effectiveness of TNA nanosystems for the localised CDDP treatment of NPC cells. Further in vivo studies are needed to support the findings.
Drug Repurposing for Identification of S1P1 agonists with Potential Application in Multiple Sclerosis Using in Silico Drug Design Approaches
Authors: Alizadeh Ali Akbar , Jafari Behzad , Dastmalchi Siavoush
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Drug repurposing is an approach successfully used for discovery of new therapeutic applications for the existing drugs. The current study was aimed to use the combination of in silico methods to identify FDA-approved drugs with possible S1P1 agonistic activity useful in multiple sclerosis. Methods: For this, a 3D-QSAR model for the known 21 S1P1 agonists were generated based on 3D-QSAR approach and used to predict the possible S1P1 agonistic activity of FDA-approved drugs. Then, the selected compounds were screened by docking into S1P1 and S1P3 receptors to select the S1P1 potent and selective compounds. Further evaluation was carried out by molecular dynamics simulation studies where the S1P1 binding energies of selected compounds were calculated. Results: The analyses resulted in identification of cobicistat, benzonatate and brigatinib as the selective and potent S1P1 agonists with the binding energies of -85.93, -69.77 and -67.44 kcal.mol-1, calculated using MM-GBSA algorithm based on 50 ns molecular dynamics simulation trajectories. These valuesare which are better than that of siponimod (-59.35 kcal mol-1), a FDA approved S1P1 agonist indicated for MS treatment. Furthermore, similarity network analysis revealed that cobicistst and brigatinib are the most structurally favorable compounds to interact with S1P1. Conclusion: The findings in this study revealed that Cobicistat and Brigatinib can be evaluated in experimental studies as potential S1P1 agonist candidates useful in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Surface Coating of Polyurethane Films with Gelatin, Aspirin and Heparin to Increase the Hemocompatibility of Artificial Vascular Grafts
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Simzar , Shams Forough , Fattahi Roya , Nuoroozi Ghader , rostami Elnaz , Shahghasempour lida , Salehi-Nik Nasim , Bohlouli Mahboubeh , Khojasteh Arash , Ghasemi Nazanin , Peiravi Habibollah
Published: April 2022

Purpose: A hemocompatible substrate can offer a wonderful facility for nitric oxide (NO) production by vascular endothelial cells in reaction to the inflammation following injuries. NO inhibits platelet aggregation this is especially critical in small-diameter vessels. Methods: The substrate films were made of polyurethane (PU) in a casting process and after plasma treatments, their surface was chemically decorated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 2000, gelatin, gelatin-aspirin, gelatin-heparin and gelatin-aspirin-heparin. The concentrations of these ingredients were optimized in order to achieve the biocompatible values and the resulting modifications were characterized by water contact angle and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) assays. The values of NO production and platelet adhesion were then examined. Results: The water contact angle of the modified surface was reduced to 26 ± 4⸰ and the newly developed hydrophilic chemical groups were confirmed by FTIR. The respective concentrations of 0.05 mg / ml and 100 mg / ml were found to be the IC50 values for aspirin and heparin. However, after the surface modification with aspirin, the bioactivity of the substrate increased in compared to the other experimental groups. In addition, there was a synergistic effect between these reagents for NO synthesis. While, heparin inhibited platelet adhesion more than aspirin. Conclusion: Because of the highly hydrophilic nature of heparin, this reagent was hydrolyzed faster than aspirin and therefore its influence on platelet aggregation and cell growth was greater. Taken together, the results give the biocompatible concentrations of both biomolecules that are required for endothelial cell proliferation, NO synthesis and platelet adhesion.
Application of Nanoliposomes Containing Nisin and Crocin in Milk
Authors: Yousefi Mohammad , Jafari Seid Mahdi , Ahangari Hossein , Ehsani Ali
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of nanoliposomes containing crocin and nisin in milk samples as a food model. Therefore, three formulations were prepared and compared, including (1) milk samples containing free nisin and crocin, (2) samples with nanoliposomes containing nisin and crocin, and (3) nisin and crocin-loaded nanoliposomes coated with chitosan. Methods: In order to find the optimum amount of both bioactives within nanoliposomes, analyses of size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency were accomplished. Then, the best formulated nanoliposome was evaluated and compared with a solution containing free bioactives and nanoliposomes coated with chitosan using other experiments, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities, viscosity, colorimetric and bacterial growth. Results: The best nanoliposomal system based on the factors of size, PDI, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency was related for the nanocarrier with 4 mg crocin, 4.5 mg nisin, and 40 mg lecithin. Based on the results obtained, both nanoliposome (a*=5.41) and chitosan-coated nanoliposome (a*=5.09) solutions could significantly (p < 0.05) reduce the redness of milk induced by free bioactives (a*=12.32). However, viscosity of milk in chitosan-coated nanoliposome solution was found to be higher (3.42 cP) than other formulations (viscosity of samples with free bioactives was 1.65 cP and viscosity of samples containing nanoliposome was 1.71 cP). In addition, chitosan-coated nanoliposomes could inhibit the growth of listeria monocytogenes stronger than other samples. On the other hand, milk samples with nanoliposomes without chitosan coating demonstrated significantly higher inhibition activity compared to the sample containing free bioactives during 14 days of storage, and the average bacterial counts on the last day of preserving were 12.3, 9.7, and 7.5 log CFU/mL for samples containing free bioactives, nanoliposomes, and nanoliposomes coated with chitosan, respectively. Conclusion: Encapsulation of nisin and crocin in nanoliposomes showed promising results for preserving food safety and quality.
Coenzyme Q10 and Its Therapeutic Potencies Against COVID-19 and Other Similar Infections: A Molecular Review
Authors: Fakhrolmobasheri Mohammad , Hosseini Mahnaz-Sadat , Shahrokh Seyedeh-Ghazal , Mohammadi Zahra , Kahlani Mohammad-Javad , Majidi Seyed-Erfan , Zeinalian Mehrdad
Published: April 2022

Purpose: New lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), currently, has been converted to a disastrous pandemic worldwide. As there has been found no definitive treatment for the infection in this review we focused on molecular aspects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and possible therapeutic potencies of CoQ10 against COVID-19 and similar infections. Methods: This is a narrative review in which we used some authentic resources including PubMed, ISI, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane, and some preprint databases, the molecular aspects of CoQ10 effects, regarding to the COVID-19 pathogenesis, have been analyzed and discussed. Results: CoQ10 is an essential cofactor in the electron transport chain of the phosphorylative oxidation system. It is a powerful lipophilic antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory supplement which has been tested for the management and prevention of a variety of diseases particularly diseases with inflammatory pathogenesis. CoQ10 is a strong anti-inflammatory agent which can reduce tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)- 6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and other inflammatory cytokines. The cardio-protective role of CoQ10 in improving viral myocarditis and drug induced cardiotoxicity has been determined in different studies. CoQ10 could also improve the interference in the RAS system caused by COVID-19 through exerting anti-Angiotensin II effects and decreasing oxidative stress. CoQ10 passes easily through blood–brain barrier (BBB). As a neuroprotective agent CoQ10 can reduce oxidative stress and modulate the immunologic reactions. These properties may help to reduce CNS inflammation and prevent BBB damage and neuronal apoptosis in COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: CoQ10 supplementation may prevent the COVID-19-induced morbidities with a potential protective role against the deleterious consequences of the disease, further clinical evaluations are encouraged.
Probiotics for the Management of Oral Mucositis: An Interpretive Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Fallah Maryam , Amin Negin , Moghadasian Mohammed H. , Jafarnejad Sadegh
Published: April 2022

Mucositis is one of the major side effects of anti-cancer therapies. Mucositis may lead to other abnormalities such as depression, infection, and pain, especially in young patients. Although there is no specific treatment for mucositis, several pharmacological and non-pharmacological options are available to prevent its complications. Probiotics have been recently considered as a preferable protocol to lessen the complications of chemotherapy, including mucositis. Probiotics could affect mucositis by anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial mechanisms as well as augmenting the overall immune system function. These effects may be mediated through anti microbiota activities, regulating cytokine productions, phagocytosis, stimulating IgA releasement, protection of the epithelial shield, and regulation of immune responses. We have reviewed available literature pertaining to the effects of probiotics on oral mucositis in animal and human studies. While animal studies have reported protective effects of probiotics on oral mucositis, the evidence from human studies is not convincing.
Decreased Cardiac NOX4 and SIRT-1 Protein Levels Contribute to Decreased Angiogenesis in the Heart of Diabetic Rats: Rescue Effects of IGF-I and Exercise
Authors: Roshan-Milani Shiva , Pourheydar Bagher , Daneshfar Saman , Chodari Leila
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Reduced angiogenesis in the heart tissue is a primary risk factor for heart disease in the diabetes condition. This study was aimed to evaluate the changes of two main angiogenesis mediators, NOX4 and SIRT-1 protein levels in the heart of diabetic rats and the impact of IGF-I and exercise on these proteins. Methods: Injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozoctin in 40 male Wistar rats led to the induction of type 1 diabetes. Angiogenesis was detected in the hearts by immunostaining for PECAM-1/CD31 after 30 days of treatment with IGF-1 (2 mg/kg/day) and exercise. ELISA technique was utilized to establish the expression levels of NOX4 and SIRT-1 within the heart. Results: The results revealed a significant increase in HbA1c and a significant decrease in SIRT-1, NOX4 levels and angiogenesis grade in the heart of diabetes group compared to control group. Meanwhile, IGF-1 and exercise alone or in combination completely masked these effects. Additionally, synergistic effect on SIRT-1, HbA1c levels and angiogenesis grade is evident when IGF-1 and exercise are applied simultaneously. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that reduction in angiogenesis in the heart of diabetic rats may be mediated by down expression of NOX4 and SIRT-1 protein levels. It was also displayed that IGF-1 and exercise as novel therapies increase NOX4 and SIRT-1 protein levels within the hearts of diabetic rats.
The Effect of miR-4800 Restoration on Proliferation and Migration of Human Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro
Authors: Khordadmehr Monireh , Matin Reyhaneh , Baradaran Behzad , Baghbani Elham , Jigari-Asl Farinaz , Noorolyai Saeed
Published: April 2022

Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can contribute to cancer initiation, development, and progression. In this study, the effect of miRNA-4800 restoration on the growth and migration inhibition of human breast cancer (BC) cells was investigated. Methods: For this purpose, transfection of miR-4800 was performed into MDA-MB-231 BC cells using jetPEI. Subsequently, the expression levels of miR-4800 and CXCR4, ROCK1, CD44, and vimentin genes were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR) and specific primers. Also, the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction of cancer cells were evaluated by MTT and flow cytometry (Annexin V-PI method) techniques, respectively. Additionally, cancer cell migration after miR-4800 transfection was assessed by wound-healing (scratch) assay. Results: The restoration of miR-4800 in MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in the decreased expression level of CXCR4 (P ˂ 0.01), ROCK1 (P ˂ 0.0001), CD44 (P ˂ 0.0001), and vimentin (P ˂ 0.0001) genes. Also, MTT results showed restoration of miR-4800 could significantly reduce cell viability rate (P ˂ 0.0001) compared with the control group. Cell migration remarkably inhibited (P ˂ 0.001) upon miR-4800 transfection in treated BC cells. Flow cytometry data demonstrated that miR-4800 replacement considerably induced apoptosis in cancer cells (P ˂ 0.001) compared with control cells. Conclusion: Taken together, it seems that miR-4800 can act as a tumor suppressor miRNA in BC and play an essential role in modulating apoptosis, migration, and metastasis in BC. Therefore, it may be suggested as a potential therapeutic target in treating BC by performing additional tests in the future.
The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cell Injury Induced by Methimazole on Pancreatic Cells
Authors: Yazıcı Özge , Kara Mehtap , Boran Tuğçe , Ozhan Gul
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Methimazole is an anti-thyroid agent, especially as main therapy option for Graves’ disease in children and adults. Drug induced pancreatitis is one of the known adverse effect of methimazole mentioned in case reports. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of methimazole-induced pancreatitis are still unclear. In this study, the aim is to investigate investigate the adverse effect of methimazole on pancreas cell stress mechanism and apoptosis. Methods: Cytotoxicity was evaluated in human pancreas/duct (PANC-1) cell line. Total oxidant (TOS) and antioxidant status (TAS) for oxidative stress index (OSI), glutathione (GSH) level and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress biomarkers were evaluated by Elisa. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis were evaluated by flow-cytometer. Results: The 30% inhibition rate concentration (IC30) value was determined as 53 mM in PANC-1 cells. The exposure concentrations were in the range of 0-40 mM for 48h. Methimazole might induce cellular stress conditions. ROS production increases depending on concentration, and this increase shows parallelism with the increase in ER stress biomarkers such as TOS, ERN1 and CASPASE12. Conversely, there was no significant difference between control and exposure groups in terms of apoptosis. Conclusion: In conclusion, methimazole might have triggered the mechanisms of inflammation or autophagy in the pancreatic cells. However, there is still a need for in vitro and in vivo studies including other cellular parameters related to apoptosis.
The association of interleukin-6 (−174 G/C) polymorphism with risk of chronic kidney disease and erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness
Authors: Abdelrhman Noha Alnair , Ali Elshazali Widaa
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The plasma levels of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been reported to be associated with risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and erythropoietin (EPO) responsiveness. The G/C promoter polymorphism of IL-6 is associated with expression and levels of IL-6, so it may confer increased risk to CKD and modulate EPO responsiveness. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association of IL-6 G/C polymorphism with risk of CKD and EPO hyporesponsiveness. Patients and Methods: A total of 40 haemodialysis patients on EPO therapy, and 30 age- and sexmatched apparently healthy volunteers as a control group were recruited for this study. Blood samples were collected from each participant and used for complete blood count (CBC) using automated haematology analyser and molecular analysis of IL-6 -174 G/C polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The results showed that IL-6 GG genotype is the most frequent in patients (82.5%) followed by GC genotype (17.5%), while all subjects of the control group were found to have GG genotype only. There was a statistically significant association between the polymorphism and end-stage CKD (P=0.02). Only 10% of the patients were found to achieve the target haemoglobin level. Although all of them had GG genotype, no association was found between the polymorphism and the achievement of target haemoglobin level (P=0.16). Conclusion: IL-6 G/C polymorphism is significantly associated with CKD, but not with EPO responsiveness in haemodialysis patients.
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in β-thalassemia intermedia; a case report
Authors: Shafiee Maryam , Zomorodian Seyed Alireza , Owji Seyed Mohammad , Roozbeh Shahroodi Jamshid , Torabi Jahromi Mahsa
Published: April 2022

Introduction: β-thalassemia intermedia reduces the body’s ability to produce adult hemoglobin and causes anemia. In contrast to β-thalassemia major, β-thalassemia intermedia patients do not require lifelong transfusion and are often independent of blood transfusion until young age. Moreover, chronic hypoxia and iron overload may cause tubular and glomerular dysfunction in patients with thalassemia. Case Presentation: We report a 21-year-old female with β-thalassemia intermedia (β-TI) presenting with generalized edema and proteinuria and showed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) after renal biopsy. Conclusion: The possibility of occurrence of MPGN in patients with thalassemia should be considered. To our knowledge, it is the first case of thalassemia that was reported with MPGN and, more investigation is required to assess the association of thalassemia and MPGN.
An unusual cause of acute kidney injury "inhalation of diazinon"
Authors: Rahimi Majd Mohammadreza , Yarmohamadi Maliheh , Parvin Mahmoud , Mirjan Soheila
Published: April 2022

Here, we present a 74-year-old man with acute kidney injury (AKI) due to diazinon 60% (accidental poisoning) which was successfully treated by hemodialysis.’
Role of oxidant-antioxidant enzymes in managing the cardiovascular risks in nephrotic syndrome patients
Authors: Sreelatha Souparnika , D'souza Benedicta , D'souza Vivian , Rajendiran Kalaiselvi
Published: April 2022

Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in nephrotic syndrome (NS) are involved in the oxidation of membrane proteins, lipoproteins and several receptor molecules ultimately leading to their functional deficit. It is involved in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia in NS and also increases the oxidation of LDL (oxLDL), which is an important risk factor in thrombus generation and atherosclerosis. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an early predictor of myocardial infarction and adverse cardiac events in patients with chest pain. MPO can also foresee the recurrent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and myocardial infarction in patients. ‘MPO oxidized LDL’ also induces ROS production, lipid accumulation and reduces the antioxidant response in macrophages, however in an augmented way by using different pathways and might be more atherogenic. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) prevents the oxidative modification of serum lipoproteins, which is one of the crucial steps in the initiation of atherogenesis. PON1 also contributes to the anti-atherogenic effect of HDL-c. Adult NS patients have increased lipid hydroxide levels and significantly decreased PON1 activity and total sulfhydryl levels when compared to healthy controls. While the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in NS patients is well documented, the exact etiology still remains controversial. This prevents the development of a specific treatment modality for the same. MPO as well as PON1 were found as important markers for the management of cardiovascular risk in NS patients. Estimation of these enzymes can therefore be performed in routine clinical practice as prognostic markers, owing to its ease of estimation and cost effectiveness.
Determination of Benzo(α)pyrene in Infant Formula Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction
Authors: Faridi Akram , Nemati Mahboob
Published: April 2022

Background: Benzo(α)pyrene (BaP) is one of the most familiar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to evaluate food safety and quality and can be present in infant formulas An analytical method for the extraction and quantification of BaP in infant formula milk has been established by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector. Methods: BaP was first extracted from matrices of infant formula milk via acetonitrile and then DLLME was used for further purification and preconcentration of target analyte. Results: Under the optimum extraction conditions, 150 µL of dichloromethane as extraction solvent, 3 mL acetonitrile as disperser and cleaner solvent and 1 mL volume sample, the accuracy of the method was between 89-97%. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.12 and 0.35 ng/ml, respectively. There was a linear relation (R2=0.998) between chromatographic peak area and concentrations in the range of 0.5 to 15 ng/mL. Conclusion: The proposed method is applicable to the quantification of BaP in infant formula milk with acceptable accuracy and precision.
Ester prodrugs of levofloxacin to prevent chelate formation in presence of aluminium ion
Authors: Maeda Yorinobu , Takahashi Yuka , Naika Yuki , Maeda Takato , Otsuka Yuki , Saeki Yumi , Otani Saki , Kohama Kunihiko , Hieda Yuhzo , Goromaru Takeshi , Eto Seiji , Murakami Teruo
Published: April 2022

Abstract Background: Intestinal absorption of levofloxacin (LFX) is decreased by the concomitant administration of antacids due to the formation of insoluble chelate complexes with various metal cations. Methods: The following four ester prodrugs of LFX—cilexetil ester (LFX-CLX), medoxomil ester (LFX-MDX), ethoxycarbonyl 1-ethyl hemiacetal ester (LFX-EHE) and pivaloyloxymethyl ester (LFX-PVM) — were synthesized. Then, the lipophilicity, in vitro chelate formation with aluminum chloride (AlCl3), chemical and enzymatic stability, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against some bacteria, and the efficacy in preventing chelate formation of prodrugs with aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) in rabbits were evaluated. Results: The synthesized ester prodrugs of LFX exhibited high purity and higher lipophilicities than LFX depending on the ester moieties. MICs of the prodrugs against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa were more than 10 times higher than those of LFX. Prodrugs were stable chemically but unstable enzymatically and generated LFX in biological specimens. When AlCl3 solution was mixed with LFX solution in vitro, insoluble chelate complex was formed immediately. In rabbits, co-administration of Al(OH)3 with LFX reduced the oral bioavailability of LFX by approximately 40%. In contrast, no precipitation was observed when AlCl3 solution was mixed with each prodrug solution in vitro, and co-administration of Al(OH)3 exerted no significant effect on the oral bioavailability of LFX when each prodrug was administered in rabbits. Conclusion: The ester prodrug approach of LFX could be a feasible strategy for avoiding chelate formation with aluminum ion in vivo.
Phytochemical and antiplasmodial evaluation of five Colombian plants with ethnopharmacological background of antimalarial use
Authors: Hernández-Carvajal Jorge Enrique , Arias-Marciales María Helena , García José Octavio , Hata-Uribe Yoshie Adriana , Garavito-Cárdenas Giovanny , Luengas Caicedo Pilar Ester
Published: April 2022

Background: The study of medicinal plants has made it possible to develop products and drugs for the treatment of different diseases. Several plants in Colombia have a history of popular use for the treatment of malaria. The objective of this work was to provide information on the antiplasmodic and phytochemical activity of five neotropical native plants with a folk use for the treatment of malarial.Methods: The ethanolic extract of each species was obtained by percolation method and characterized by TLC, HPLC, and 1H-NMR. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity was evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum (strain FCR-3, chloroquine-resistant).Results: Ethanolic extracts of Ambelania duckey, Cecropia metensis, Cecropia membranacea, and Verbena littoralis showed no activity. However, Curarea toxicofera extract exhibited an IC50 of 7.6 ± 3.9 μg/mL and was classified as moderately active. Furthermore, hemolytic activity was assayed, none of the extracts were tested positive. A preliminary phytochemical study was carried out using tube analysis, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Steroids or triterpenes, and phenolic compounds were detected by TLC in all extracts. These findings were confirmed by characteristic aliphatic and aromatic signals in 1H-NMR spectra, corresponding to triterpenes and phenolics, respectively. Additionally, alkaloids were extracted from C. toxicofera and detected by aromatic signals in 1H-NMR spectra.Conclusion: ethanolic extract of C. toxicofera showed antiplasmodial activity (IC50 of 7.6 ± 3.9 μg/mL); this activity may be due to the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids. The ethanol extracts of A. duckey, C. membranacea, C. metensis, and V. littoralis did not present antiplasmodial activity.
MANAGING BUSINESS REPUTATION RISKS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF A BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
Authors: Polozhyentsyeva YUliya , Tarasova A.
Published: April 2022

Business reputation management occupies a central place as a key business issue in most organizations around the world. First of all, the interest in business reputation lies in the emergence of a new doctrine of values, in which the main place is occupied by the desire for higher and higher quality activities in business organizations. In the modern world, understanding reputation is an asset that is capitalized and allows you to solve important business tasks to obtain a stable profit. Business reputation is included in the "business organization development portfolio" as an intangible asset. Based on the study, the following main results were obtained: the main global business organizations for 2021 in the field of corporate reputation were identified, according to the largest study Global RepTrak 100; the shares of sustainable investment assets were calculated in relation to the total volume of managed assets in 2016-2020; a statistical assessment of the formation of a positive business reputation in the world market in the ESG concept is given; it is justified that business reputation management is the basis for the sustainable functioning of business organizations.
ENERGY COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINE IN A LOW-CARBON ECONOMY
Authors: Peshkova G. , Bondar' Elena
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of the authors' analytical work on the interaction between China and Russia in the energy sector. Based on the indicators reflecting Russian energy exports to China, the preservation of international trade in organic fuels in the current period of time is stated, positive dynamics is noted with respect to certain types of raw materials (coal, gas). Special attention is paid to the assessment of possible prospects in the field of energy cooperation between Russia and China in a low-carbon economy. The article presents the results of the work of the two countries achieved within the framework of ongoing measures to ensure carbon neutrality, including specific examples of commissioning of electricity production facilities based on renewable energy sources, including solar power plants, hydroelectric power stations, wind farms. The significant place of nuclear energy in the energy balance of the two countries is noted, with the participation of Russia, the construction of separate power units is carried out on the territory of China, the operation of which involves a significant reduction in emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere (mainly CO2). The official strategic documents of Russia and China adopted in the modern period of time, establishing a set of measures in the energy sector and corresponding targets, are considered. Further ways of developing energy cooperation between the countries in the context of the "green course" have been identified.
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROCESS OF PROVIDING STATE AND MUNICIPAL SERVICES ON THE BASIS OF THE ELECTRONIC PLATFORM
Authors: Golutvina V. , Ivanova Elena , Kolesnichenko Elena
Published: April 2022

The article examines the practical experience of providing state and municipal services in a digital format, which is especially important against the background of the post-pandemic trend to minimize direct contacts and the overall development of information technologies. As an example, a pilot project of the Moscow region is considered, which consists in creating an application for managing multi-apartment residential buildings. The application is developed on the basis of the electronic platform of Gosuslugi.ru, it allows owners not only to receive comprehensive information about the state of the house and the work of the management company, but also to hold general meetings of homeowners with automatic generation of a protocol. Such meetings greatly simplify the procedure for making various decisions, including on entering federal, regional or municipal programs or receiving funds from the federal capital repair fund. The adaptation of the application took place in November 2021 in the urban district of Khimki. During the experiment, the shortcomings of the program were identified, and new forms of informing residents and their operational interaction with the administration and management companies were worked out. As a result of the study, it was revealed that digital services in the housing sector are among the most in demand and need further development.
Efficiency of Non-Medicinal Prevention of the Postpartum Subinvolution of Uterus
Authors: Верес И.А. , Пересада О.А. , Иванишкина-Кудина О.Л. , Куликов А.А. , Зновец Т.В. , Шиптенко И.Л. , Соколовская М.Н.
Published: April 2022

Послеродовая субинволюция матки развивается у 1133 родильниц в послеродовом периоде и не имеет тенденции к снижению. Авторами разработан способ профилактики субинволюции матки у родильниц после самопроизвольных родов путем проведения курса терапии синусоидальным модулированным током на область проекции матки в стимулирующем режиме частотой 7080 Гц при помощи аппарата Радиус в течение 35 дней. Авторами установлено, что применение данного метода у родильниц с умеренным и высоким риском развития нарушения сократительной функции послеродовой матки способствует уменьшению размеров матки, ее полости в отличие от группы сравнения в 2,8 раза на 3-и сутки (2,60,4 и 7,40,3 мм соответственно р0,028) и в 3,2 раза на 4-е сутки (2,00,2 и 6,40,5 мм соответственно р0,021) послеродового периода. Установлено снижение частоты развития послеродовой субинволюции матки до 7,9 случаев в основной группе родильниц с применением СМТ (z2,34 95 ДИ, р0,001) против 31,6 в группе без применения физиотерапевтических методов воздействия на тонус гладкой мускулатуры матки.

Postpartum subinvolution of uterus develops in 1133 of puerperas in the postpartum period and has no tendency to decrease. A method has been developed for the prevention of subinvolution of uterus in puerperas after spontaneous delivery by conducting a course of sinusoidal modulated currents on the projection area of the uterus in a stimulating mode with a frequency of 7080 Hz using the Radius apparatus for 35 days. The authors found that the use of this method in puerperas with a moderate and high risk of developing disorders of the uterine contractile function contributes to a decrease in the size of the uterus and its cavity compared to the comparison group by 2.8 times on the 3rd day (2.60.4 and 7.40.3 mm, respectively p0.028) and 3.2 times on the 4th day (2.00.2 and 6.40.5 mm, respectively p0.021) of the postpartum period Еstablished the reduction of postpartum subinvolution of uterus to 7.9 of cases in the main group of puerperas with the use of SMC (z2.34 95 CI, p0.001) versus 31.6 in the comparison group without physiotherapeutic methods of influencing tone of smooth muscles of the uterus.
Disorders of Swallowing in the Clinic of Nervous Diseases
Authors: Мальгина Е.В. , Лихачев С.А. , Рушкевич Ю.Н.
Published: April 2022

Нарушения глотания являются тяжелыми последствиями поражений головного мозга. Оценка акта глотания представляет собой важную междисциплинарную проблему. Развитие дисфагии приводит к высокому риску медицинских осложнений, увеличивает риск внезапной смерти. Эпидемиологические данные о распространенности дисфагии не могут обеспечить глобального представления вследствие разнообразия причин и нозологий, ее вызывающих. Важнейшим фактором диагностики дисфагии является тщательное обследование пациента, которое поможет установить вариант дисфагии, условия ее возникновения и возможные пути ее разрешения и причинно-следственные особенности возникновения. В настоящей статье освещены наиболее частые причины этих нарушений, а также рассмотрены современные методы диагностики, способы лечения и ведения пациентов с дисфагией и нарушением речи.

Disorders of swallowing are severe consequences of brain lesions. Evaluation of the act of ingestion is an important interdisciplinary problem. The development of dysphagia leads to a high risk of medical complications, increases the risk of sudden death. Epidemiological data on dysphagia can not provide global insight, due to the variety of causes and nosologies that cause it. The most important factor in the diagnosis of dysphagia is a thorough examination of the patient, which will help to establish the version of dysphagia, the conditions of its occurrence and possible ways of its resolution and causal characteristics of the occurrence. This article highlights the most frequent causes of these violations. Modern methods of diagnostics, methods of treatment and management of patients with dysphagia and speech disorder are also considered.
Extracorporeal Phototherapy as a Method of Treatment of Reaction "Graft versus Host"
Authors: Гуз И.В.
Published: April 2022

Экстракорпоральный фотоферез широко используется в качестве терапии второй линиипри РТПХ в надежде не только излечить кожные проявления (РТПХ 2–4-й степени), но такжеустранить поражение внутренних органов, и его эффективность была доказана в случаях какострой, так и хронической реакции «трансплантат против хозяина». Медиана длительноститерапии с использованием ЭКФ составила 65 (3–155) дней. Из 39 пациентов с острой РТПХ сум-марная вероятность ответа на лечение составила 31%. Оценка ответа составила 40% (10 паци-ентов из 25), при этом полный ответ был отмечен у 7 пациентов, частичный ответ – у 3 пациентов. C хронической реакцией «трансплантат против хозяина» суммарная вероятность ответа на лечение была значительно выше и равнялась 87%. Оценка ответа составила 85% (полный ответ – 8 пациентов, частичный ответ – 25 пациентов, не ответили на терапию ЭКФ 6 пациентов). Проведение программной комплексной терапии РТПХ с применением ЭКФ являетсяразумной альтернативой эскалации иммуносупрессии после выполнения аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток у детей и молодых взрослых.

Extracorporeal photopheresis (EPP) is widely used as the second-line therapy in the reaction "graftversus host" (GVHR) with the hope to not only treat the skin manifestations (GVHR of the 2nd–4thdegree), but also to eliminate the damage to internal organs. Its effectiveness was proven in cases ofboth acute and chronic GVHR. The median of duration of therapy using EPP was 65 (3–155) days. From39 patients with acute GVHR, the total probability of response to treatment was 31%. Assessmentof response was 40% (10 patients of 25 patients). A complete response was noted in 7 patients,a partial response – in 3 patients. In case of chronic GVHR reaction, the total probability of responseto treatment was significantly higher – 87%. Assessment of response was 85% (complete response –8 patients, partial response – 25 patients; 6 patients did not respond to the therapy). The programcomplex therapy of GVHR using EPP is a reasonable alternative to escalation of immunosuppressionafter allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells in children and young adults.
Deadly Coronavirus. Tactics of Physician According to the Recommendations of the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (СDC) and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ЕСDC)
Authors: Бекетова Г.В. , Приймачук Л.-С.Н.
Published: April 2022

Статья Смертельный коронавирус. Тактика врача согласно рекомендациям Центра по контролю и профилактике заболеваний (СDC) и Европейского центра профилактики и контроля заболеваний (ЕСDC) посвящена актуальной теме, касающейся инфекции, вызванной новым коронавирусом серотипа nCoV-2019. Известно, что за период от 31 декабря 2019 г. до 12 февраля 2020 г. лабораторно в мире подтверждено 45 179 случаев инфицирования nCoV-2019, из которых 1115 закончились фатально. Авторами представлены данные, касающиеся клинических проявлений коронавирусной инфекции, диагностики, а также современных алгоритмов действий и рекомендаций для врача при подозрении или подтвержденном инфицировании пациента вирусом 2019 nCoV.

The article Deadly Coronavirus. Tactics of Physician According to the Recommendations of the Сentre for Disease Control and Prevention (СDC) and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ЕСDC) is devoted to the urgent topic regarding infection caused by the new serotype coronavirus-2019. It is known that during the period from December 31, 2019 to February 12, 2020, 45 179 cases of nCoV-2019 infection were confirmed by laboratory tests in the world, of which 1115 cases were fatal. The authors present the data on the clinical manifestations of coronavirus infection, diagnostics, and modern algorithms and recommendations for suspected or confirmed infection in patients with nCoV-2019.
Kawasaki Syndrome in Children: Current Problems of Diagnostics and Treatment
Authors: Галашевская А.А. , Почкайло А.С. , Лазарчик И.В.
Published: April 2022

Синдром Кавасаки это острый васкулит неясной этиологии, который встречается главным образом у детей в возрасте до 5 лет и характеризуется лихорадкой, двусторонним неэкссудативным конъюнктивитом, эритемой губ и слизистой оболочки полости рта, изменениями периферических отделов конечностей, экзантемой и шейным лимфаденитом. Одним из самых серьезных осложнений синдрома Кавасаки является поражение сердечно-сосудистой системы, в том числе образование аневризм коронарных артерий. Аневризмы коронарных артерий или эктазия развиваются в 25 случаев при несвоевременно начатом лечении или его отсутствии и могут привести к ишемической болезни сердца или внезапной смерти. Своевременное начало лечения с использованием внутривенного иммуноглобулина может снизить этот риск до 4. В статье представлены современные данные о распространенности патологии, приведены характерные диагностические признаки и критерии заболевания, позволяющие верифицировать диагноз и назначить специфическое лечение в максимально короткие сроки. Приведен клинический случай пациента с синдромом Кавасаки из собственной практики авторов.

Kawasaki syndrome is acute vasculitis of unknown etiology, which occurs mainly in children under 5yearsofage,andwhichischaracterizedbyfever,bilateralnon-exudativeconjunctivitis,erythemaofthe lips and oral mucosa, changes in the peripheral parts of the limbs, exanthema and neck lymphadenitis. One of the most serious complications of Kawasaki syndrome is damage to the cardiovascular system, including formation of coronary artery aneurysms. Coronary artery aneurysms or ectasia develop in 25 of cases in untimely started treatment or its absence and can lead to coronary heart disease or sudden death. Timely initiation of treatment using intravenous immunoglobulin can reduce this risk to 4. The article presents modern data on the prevalence of pathology, provides specific diagnostic signs and disease criteria that let to verify the diagnosis and prescribe specific treatment as soon as possible. A clinical case of a patient with Kawasaki syndrome from the authors own practice is given.
Odontogenic Phlegmon and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Authors: Кабанова А.А. , Походенько-Чудакова И.О. , Кабанова С.А. , Дорошенко Н.В.
Published: April 2022

Цель. Выявить особенности течения одонтогенных флегмон челюстно-лицевой области при развитии синдрома системного воспалительного ответа.Материалы и методы. В проспективном обсервационном исследовании приняли участие 62 пациента, находившихся на стационарном лечении в отделении челюстно-лицевой хирургии Витебской областной клинической больницы в период 2016– 2018 гг. Все пациенты были разделены на 2 группы: группа 1 – пациенты с синдромом системного воспалительного ответа (ССВО) (34 человека), группа 2 – пациенты без синдрома системного воспалительного ответа (28 человек). Выполнено сравнение клинических показателей, а также ряда показателей крови пациентов при развитии ССВО и без него.Результаты. Проведенный анализ ряда показателей сыворотки крови, клинических показателей течения раневого процесса в зависимости от наличия синдрома системного воспалительного ответа у пациентов с одонтогенными флегмонами челюстно-лицевой области показал, что уровень прокальцитонина, аланинаминотрансферазы в крови, а также фагоцитарный индекс могут быть использованы в качестве прогностических критериев развития воспалительного процесса.Заключение. Дальнейший поиск предикторов распространения инфекционно-воспалительных процессов одонтогенной этиологии должен быть продолжен, что позволит повысить эффективность проводимого лечения и снизить количество тяжелых осложнений.

Purpose. To identify the features of maxillofacial odontogenic phlegmons with the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome.Materials and methods. A prospective observational study involved 62 patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital in the period 2016–2018. All patients were divided into 2 subgroups: group 1 – patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (34 people), group 2 – patients without systemic inflammatory response syndrome (28 people). The comparison of clinical parameters, as well as a number of blood parameters of patients with the development of SIRS and without it, was carried out.Results. The analysis of a number of blood serum parameters, clinical indicators of the course of the wound process, depending on the presence of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with maxillofacial odontogenic phlegmons, showed that the level of procalcitonin, alanine aminotransferase in the blood, as well as the phagocytic index could be used as prognostic criteria for inflammation development.Conclusion. Further search for predictors of the infectious spread and inflammatory processes of odontogenic etiology should be continued, which will increase the effectiveness of the treatment and reduce the number of severe complications.
Digital and Interdisciplinary Approach to Perfect Prosthetic Results
Authors: Русу В. , Мойсей М. , Русу А. , Паулеску Н.
Published: April 2022

Это исследование 10 пациентов, которым было проведено лечение частичной адентии; представлены протезные реставрации на имплантатах с использованием цифровых технологий. Исследование состояло из двух групп, где в первой группе выполнялись цифровые хирургические шаблоны и протезирование, а во второй группе выполняли хирургическое и ортопедическое лечение, но без использования цифровых направляющих.

This is a study of 10 patients where the treatment of partial edentulism was performed and presented with prosthetic restorations on implants using digital technologies. This study consisted of two groups, where in the first group were performed digital surgical guide and prosthetic treatments. In the second group, surgical and prosthetic treatments were performed but digital guidelines was not used.