bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foraging chemical signals in the Neotropical termite Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky, 1855) (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae): the role of castes and the intercolonial perception
Authors: Cruz Marília da , Santos Renan , Silva Cátila R , Watanabe Sara Yuri , Cristaldo Paulo
Published: July 2023

Social insects are known to have complex and elaborate communication systems. Communication through chemical signals is paramount in termites since these insects are blind and have cryptic habits. Despite this, knowledge about the role of chemical signals in termites is still scarce, especially in phylogenetically derived species. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of foraging chemical signals in Nasutitermes corniger (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae), including the effect of different anatomical sources of foraging chemical signals, the response of groups with different caste compositions, and the colony-specificity of these signals. Specifically, we tested the following hypotheses: (i) rectal fluid and sternal gland extracts have different roles in perception, orientation, and acceptance by groups of N. corniger with different caste compositions; (ii) the behavior of N. corniger exposed to intercolonial foraging signals is not altered; and (iii) intercolonial foraging signals have attractive activity on N. corniger. To do so, trail, behavior and attraction/repellent bioassays were carried out in the laboratory. The sternal gland extract triggered greater trail behavior than the other foraging signals. Furthermore, the rectal fluid extract seems to exert an orientation function in N. corniger while the sternal gland extract acts as a recruitment signal. Finally, the behavior and attractiveness of the intercolonial foraging signals were not altered when compared with the control. The results found in the present study increase the understanding of foraging chemical communication in Isoptera and reinforce the role of intercolonial signals in the attractiveness of groups of N. corniger.
Bioactive compounds from Dioscorea bulbifera L. obtained by combined ultrasound- assisted and solid-liquid extraction
Authors: Carneiro Gabrielly Ribeiro , Ribeiro Leomara Floriano
Published: July 2023

The aim was to extract bioactive compounds from the husk and pulp of Dioscorea bulbifera L. by the combination of ultrasound and solid-liquid extraction techniques, as well as to evaluate the antioxidant potential. The extraction at 80°C for 60 minutes showed the highest content of total phenolic compounds (TPC), 715.53 ± 8.00 mg EAG 100 g− 1, for the husk, while the extraction at 70°C for 45 minutes showed 235.50 ± 25.30 mg EAG 100 g− 1, for the pulp. The extracts with the highest TPC were evaluated for the other bioactive compounds. The husk and pulp extracts showed flavonoid content of 363.63 ± 8.92 and 102.44 ± 1.51 mg EC 100 g− 1, respectively. The estimation of the total carotenoid content allowed obtaining 2.13 ± 0.11 µg 100 g− 1 for the husk and 1.34 ± 0.11 µg 100 g− 1 for the pulp. The antioxidant potential was evaluated according to the FRAP assay (125.09 ± 8.52 and 32.76 ± 0.65 µM ferrous sulfate g− 1), the removal of H2O2 (29% and 41%), the ABTS radical assay (66.88 ± 0.93 and 14.93 ± 0.31 µM Trolox g− 1) and the β-carotene/linoleic acid system, (84% and 47%) for husk and pulp, respectively. The bioaccessibility was obtained around 25% (pulp) and 16% (husk) accessible for absorption in the intestine. The combination of ultrasound and solid-liquid extraction methods proved to be effective in extracting bioactive compounds, which is a potential source for isolation and purification of bioactive compounds, with possible applications in the food industry.
Lower abdominal cyst complicated with infection following INFIX internal fixation for pelvic fracture: A report of 2 rare cases
Authors: Yin Yijie , Jiang Jiabao , Kenmegne Guy Romeo , Fang Yue
Published: July 2023

Background:The Internal Fixator (INFIX) is a popular method for treating anterior pelvic ring fractures, known for its minimal invasiveness, and short operation time. However, studies have shown that postoperative complications may occur, including anterolateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury, the femoral nerve paralysis, and delayed fracture healing. These complications are believed to be related to surgical stimulation, an excessively long lateral end of the connecting rod, a small distance between the screw and bone surface, insufficient pre-bending of the connecting rod, and difficulties in fracture reduction.
Case Presentation:We report two unique cases of lower abdominal pseudocyst complicated with infection after INFIX treatment of pelvic fractures at our trauma center.Following surgical removal of the internal fixation, resolution of the cysts was observed in both patients, and subsequent postoperative follow-up revealed the absence of any residual sequelae.These cases have not been reported in previous literature reviews.
Discussion: The lower abdominal cysts, potentially arising from the dead space created during intraoperative placement of the INFIX rod, which may increase infection risk. The etiology remains uncertain, despite the presence of abnormal inflammation markers in both cases, and staphylococcus aureus found in one. These cysts were confined to the lower abdomen, not involving the internal fixation, and hence, only the INFIX was removed. Postoperative oral cefazolin treatment was successful, with resolved pseudocysts and no subsequent discomfort.
Conclusion:We report two unprecedented cases of post-INFIX abdominal cysts, with a suspected link to intraoperative dead space. Despite uncertain etiology, successful management involved INFIX removal and oral cefazolin therapy. These findings necessitate further exploration into the causes and management of such complications.
Is the OCT a predictive tool to assess visual impairment in optic chiasm compressing syndrome? A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: BOZZI Maria Teresa , MALLEREAU Charles-Henry , TODESCHI Julien , BALOGLU Seyyid , ARDELLIER François-Daniel , ROMANN Julia , TROUVE Léa , BOCSKSEI Zsolt , ALCAZAR Joffrey , DANNHOFF Guillaume , BAHOUGNE Thibault , GOICHOT Bernard , CHIBBARO Salvatore , Cebula Helene
Published: July 2023

Background: Visual dysfunction is a prevalent symptom in patients with non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma (NFPM); the role of OCT is such patients has not been yet determined.
Method: This is a prospective longitudinal observational study over a period of 6 years, on 20 patients presenting a radiological compression of the optic chiasma without visual acuity (VA) and visual field (VF) disturbances. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the impact of NFPA on neuro-axonal loss by measuring RNFL thickness using OCT at inclusion (T0), 12 months (T1), 24 months (T2), and 36 months (T3) respectively. The secondary endpoint was to monitor the evolution of OCT over time and assess any relationship between the degree of OCT alteration and the degree of radiological and clinical optic chiasm compression syndrome.
Results: Among the 20 patients included eight (40%) showed an altered RNFL-OCT at diagnosis, while the remaining 12 (60%) showed a normal pattern. During a mean ophthalmologic follow-up of 60 months, 4 patients (20%) presented an asymptomatic reduction of RNFL-OCT thickness although all 20 had a VA/VF stable.
Conclusion: To our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to longitudinally evaluate the natural history and evolution of RNFL-OCT in patients with radiologically asymptomatic chiasmatic compression syndrome. The results do not clearly demonstrate a role of the OCT as early prognostic factor for visual dysfunction.
A newly discovered Lnc-PDZD7-3 increased metastatic and proliferative potential of lung adenocarcinoma cells via modulating FN1/fibronectin signaling
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Han Lu , Li Zhaoshui , Wang Yushuo , Ma Ying , Ke Xiaoming , Wang Zhendan
Published: July 2023

The global burden of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has been on the rise, making it among the leading contributor to cancer-related deaths. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are implicated in the initiation and progression of LUAD. To date, the mechanism by which lncRNA participate in LUAD are not clearly characterized. Here, we investigated the role of the newly-discovered Lnc-PDZD7-3 in the development of LUAD. Results revealed downregulation of Lnc-PDZD7-3 in human normal lung tissues and upregulation in LUAD tissues from the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) databases. Excessive expression of Lnc-PDZD7-3 promotes occurrence of distant metastasis. Lnc-PDZD7-3 knockdown suppressed the proliferative and viability potential of cells, as well enhanced apoptosis and inhibited the migratory activity of LUAD cells. Notably, expression levels of MMP9, Vimentin, Twis, Fibronectin, and MMP2 in LUAD cells were downregulated markedly except for snail following Lnc-PDZD7-3 lockdown. Through rescue experiments, we confirmed that Lnc-PDZD7-3 enhanced LUAD development by activating FN1/fibronectin signaling. Meanwhile, we also identified that Lnc-PDZD7-3 was localized in cytoplasm and nucleus segments of LUAD cells by FISH technology. In summary, this study implicates Lnc-PDZD7-3 in the pathomechanisms of LUAD via the FN1/fibronectin signaling, suggesting it may be diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic targets of LUAD.
Risk factors and clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer：A single center experience
Authors: Wang Ning , Xiao Renzhe , Liu Yulin
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can lead to pneumonitis, a potentially fatal complication. Identifying patients at risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP) prior to starting ICIs treatment is essential for managing CIP. We conducted this study with the purpose of determining the prognosis and risk factors for CIP.
Methods
In this study, 360 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent anti-programmed cell death-1/-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors for at least one dose from 2019 to 2022 at Hubei Cancer Hospital were included. Risk factors correlated with CIP and mortality were assessed by regression analyses. Kaplan-Meier estimates were applied to examine survival times.
Results
There were 360 patients enrolled, the incidence of CIP was 8.6% (31/360). Of all CIP, 12 were graded 3 or higher based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE 5.0). The median time to CIP onset was 90 (interquartile range [IQR], 37–160) days. A significant association for CIP was found with body mass index (BMI) (p=0.004) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (p=0.003) on univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. In patients who developed CIP and those who did not, the progression free survival and overall survival were not statistically different. Additionally, early-onset CIP had a higher risk of mortality (p=0.039, HR=3.677, 95% CI, 1.071-12.554), after adjusting for sex, age and rechallenge.
Conclusion
Increased BMI and COPD were strongly associated with CIP. Early-onset CIP significantly increased the risk of mortality.
Can childhood white coat hypertension affect left ventricular mass?
Authors: hacihamdioglu duygu ovunc , Koçak Gülendam , Kılıç Deniz , Cihan Deniz
Published: July 2023

Background
The aim of this study is to investigate whether children with white coat hypertension (WCH) have evidence of left ventricular geometrical changes.
Methods
A total of 237 (161 male) patients and 122 (83 male) controls with a mean age of 12.69±3.34 years were included in the study. Patients were divided into two main groups as normal weight (n=191) and obese (n=168) based on body mass index (BMI). Each group were further divided into three groups based on their blood pressure profile as hypertension (HT), WCH and control. All participant has been performed echocardiography, WCH and HT groups has been also performed ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and biochemical analysis. Cardiac geometry was categorized as Concentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [cLVH; increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and increased relative wall thickness (RWT)], Eccentric LVH (eLVH; increased LVMI and normal RWT), Concentric Geometry (CG; normal LVMI and increased RWT)
Results
In the present study, LV geometrical changes were observed as 36.2%, 22%, and 15% in the obese groups [HT/Obese (n=94), WCH/Obese (n=41), and Control/Obese (n=33), respectively, p=0.04]. However, it was 26.3%, 11.1%, and 1% in the non-obese groups [HT/Non-Obese (n=57), WCH/Non-Obese (n=45), and Control/Non-Obese (n=89), respectively, p=0.000] (Linear-by-linear association for obese 0.027 and for non-obese 0.000).
Conclusion
WCH can be another risk factor for cardiovascular disease. WCH can cause LV geometric changes and can be considered a pre-hypertensive intermediate state. The target-organ damage can manifest in WCH patients, especially those who are obese, or who have non-dipping BP patterns or family history
Resolution of the Scientific and Practical Conference with international participation “Targeted and immunotherapy of tumors of the central nervous system in children” (St. Petersburg, March 31, 2023, Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: July 2023

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The modern view on the surgical treatment of nephrolithiasis
Authors: Royuk R. V. , Yarovoy S. K. , Aksenov G. A.
Published: July 2023

The choice of surgical treatment for nephrolithiasis remains a matter of debate. The article is a literature review dedicated to a comparative analysis of the efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and endoscopic methods for the treatment of nephrolithiasis. The literature review was based on the analysis of articles published in the PubMed / MEDLINE, and eLibrary databases. Sixty publications on the topic of the review were analysed. As a result of data analysis, endoscopic therapies have a significant advantage over ESWL with comparable safety. The development and dissemination of less invasive techniques such as mini-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and ultra-mini-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in the future may change the approach to the surgical treatment of any form of nephrolithiasis.
Staghorn stone and squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis: a clinical case and literature review
Authors: Dzitiev V. K. , Sorokin N. I. , Sinitsyn V. E. , Nesterova O. Yu. , Danilova N. V. , Badmaeva E. M. , Strigunov A. A. , Tsurskaya D. D. , Kamalov A. A.
Published: July 2023

Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis is a rare neoplasm. The incidence does not exceed 1% of all neoplasms of this localization. In the general population, up to 90% of all neoplasms of the renal pelvis are represented by urothelial carcinoma, while from 0.7% to 7.0% of cases are squamous cell carcinoma. Stones of the renal collecting system are found in 14 – 50% of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the pelvis. As a possible etiopathogenetic mechanism, chronic inflammation on the background of a stone is considered, leading to squamous urothelial metaplasia with subsequent keratinization and malignization. Clinical manifestation of squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis is nonspecific and is primarily associated with manifestations of urolithiasis. Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis is characterised by high aggressiveness, insensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and consequently an unfavourable prognosis. The survival rate of most patients is less than one year from the diagnosis, while the 5-year survival rate does not exceed 10%. We present our own clinical case of a patient with a staghorn stone and squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis.
Pharmacological and surgical experimental animal models of induction of spermatogenesis disorders
Authors: Epifanova M. V. , Kostin A. A. , Malinina O. Yu. , Artemenko S. A. , Epifanov A. A.
Published: July 2023

Introduction.Experimental induction of spermatogenesis disorders is possible mainly by physical, pharmacological methods. However, not all methods can cause non-obstructive azoospermia.

Objective.To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of induction of spermatogenesis disorders in rat models by applying ligatures to the spermatic cords and administration of cisplatin.

Materials & methods. Seventy-three mature male rats (Wistar) were divided into 2 experimental groups and 1 control (n = 9) group: group 1 (n = 27) with ligature on the spermatic cord for 12 h (n = 9), 24 h (n = 9), 36 h (n = 9); group 2 (n = 37) with five-fold intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin at concentrations of 5 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg. On days 0, 7, 14, 28 after the last day of induction of spermatogenesis disorders, epididymal semen analysis, blood test, total serum testosterone, pathomorphological examination of testes tissue, body weight, reproductive system organ weight were performed to assess model performance.

Results.Ligation to the spermatic cords did not have a negative effect on the general condition of the animals (p < 0.05), blood test (p < 0.05); there was a decrease in the testicular weight (p < 0.05), the appendage of the testis (p < 0.05), prostate (p < 0.05), the weight of the seminal vesicles did not change (p > 0.05). In group 1, the number of epidermal spermatozoa decreased in all subgroups, statistically significant changes were recorded at 7 (exposure 24 h) and 28 (exposure 12, 36 h) days of research. Histologically, there was no significant inhibition of spermatogenesis, except for a decrease in the area, diameter of the seminal tubules on 7, 28 days after surgery (exposure 24, 36 h). In group 2, the survival of animals was noted only when using cisplatin at a dose of 1 mg/kg five times. Body weight decreased in all rats without recovery, thrombocytopenia recorded after 1 wk, leukocytopenia regressed by 2 wk of the study. A decrease in the weight of all reproductive organs was noted. Sperm concentration decreased at 1 wk and recovered at 28 wk. In the analysis of testicular biopsies: pronounced disorganization of the spermatogenic epithelium, a decrease in the absolute area and diameter of the seminal tubules.

Conclusion.Ligation to the spermatic cord does not cause permanent inhibition of spermatogenesis. Cisplatin at a dose of 1 mg/kg causes persistent severe damage to the spermatogenic epithelium.
Robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal heterotopic neocystis: a single-centre experience of complications
Authors: Pavlov V. N. , Urmantsev M. F. , Bakeev M. R.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Bladder cancer (BCa) ranks 10th among all diagnosed malignant tumours. To date, radical cystectomy (RCE) with pelvic lymphadenectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of aggressive forms of BCa. The development of minimally invasive technologies has contributed to the active introduction of robot-assisted interventions into surgical practise. RCE is a modern and relevant method for treating muscle-invasive BCa and high-risk non-muscle-invasive BCa. Over the past decade, many works have been accumulated that demonstrate the success of robot-assisted RCE with intracorporeal neocystis.

Objective. To analyse the complications classified according to Clavien-Dindo after robot-assisted radical cystectomies with intracorporeal heterotopic neocystis based on a single centre.

Materials & methods. From 2021 to 2022, a retrospective study was conducted based on Bashkir State Medical University Clinics aimed at studying complications after robot-assisted RCEs. The group investigated consisted of 200 male and female patients with an established diagnosis of BCa. All patients were shown surgical treatment in volume of RCE by Bricker with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Surgical intervention was performed using the DaVinci ® Si robot-assisted system. After 30 and 90 days, the complications that occurred and the ways to correct them were evaluated.

Results. Only 35 patients (17.5%) had 30-day complications, which were grade I-III. Fourteen (7%) patients had 90-day complications having II and III degrees. Patients with grade III or II and III complications occurred during the first 30 days after surgical treatment subsequently had 90-day complications (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the types of 30-day complications of II and III degree and the subsequent 90-day complications (p < 0.05).

Conclusion. Robot-assisted RCE is an effective and technologically advanced method of treating patients with aggressive forms of BCa. Our study demonstrates low rates of surgical complications after this surgical intervention.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Microplastics: Parameters Affecting Degradation
Authors: Kinyua Esther , Nyakairu George , Tebandeke Emmanuel , Odume Nelson
Published: July 2023

Recently, microplastics have emerged as a major environmental pollutant and have been documented globally. Several studies have shown that microplastics can accumulate heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants as they pass through the environment due to their functional groups interacting with and complex these substances. While conventional wastewater treatment methods can reduce a significant amount of microplastics, many still make their way into rivers and oceans worldwide from their effluents. One of the promising approaches to wastewater cleaning is photocatalysis. Although it has demonstrated a great potential for microplastic degradation, most trials are still lab-based and need to be scaled up for actual use. A crucial factor in determining the technology's capital cost for practical implementation is having a solid grasp of the kinetics and rate of degradation. In order to scale up the approach, it is necessary to optimize several operational parameters, such as surface area, temperature, the impact of pH, and light. This research examines various developed photocatalysts for the breakdown of microplastics. An in-depth understanding of the best variables for future designs of photocatalytic degradation of microplastic for industrial applications will result from analyzing these variables.
Effects of GGX on an Ovalbumin-induced Asthma Mice Model
Authors: Kim Tae-hyeon , Yang Won-kyung , Lee Su-won , Woo Seong-cheon , Kim Seung-hyung , Park Yang-chun
Published: July 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of GGX on an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mice model.Methods: Balb/c mice were challenged with OVA and then treated with three concentrations of GGX (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). After sacrifice, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or lungs of the mice were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, ELISA, real-time PCR, H&E, Masson’s trichrome, PAS and AB-PAS staining, and immunohistofluorescence staining.Results: GGX significantly inhibited the increase of total cells, immune cells (lymphocyte, neutrophils, macrophage, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+CD69+, CD62L-CD44high+, Gr-1+SiglecF-), and the expression of cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ) in BALF. It also significantly inhibited the increase of total cells, immune cells (lymphocyte, neutrophils, eosinophil/macrophage, CD3+, CD19+, CD3+CD193+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+CD69+, CD62L-CD44high+, and Gr-1+SiglecF-), and the expression of IL-13, TARC, and MCP-1 in lung tissue. GGX decreased the severity of histological lung injury and the expressions of STAT3 and GATA3.Conclusion: This study suggests the probability of using GGX for the treatment of asthma by inhibiting inflammatory immune response.
The Effect of Taeksa-tang for Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lee Yeong-seo , Huh Tae-young , Kim Kyoung-min
Published: July 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of using Taeksa-tang for dyslipidemia through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Methods: The search was conducted using keywords such as “dyslipidemia”, “hyperlipidemia”, “taeksa tang”, “zexie tang”, and “takusha to” in 12 databases (Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, CNKI, Wanfang, CiNii, RISS, KISS, ScienceON, OASIS, and DBpia) on April 13, 2023. There were no limits on the publication period and language. Cochrane’s risk of bias (RoB) was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was conducted according to the outcome measurements such as total effective rate (TER), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and adverse effects, using the Review Manager web.Results: A total of 9 RCTs were selected. In evaluating the RoB, 2 studies mentioning the random sequence generation, 1 study conducting double blindness, and 8 studies without missing values were evaluated as low risk, while 1 study without mentioning the random sequence generation was evaluated as high risk. All other parts were evaluated as unclear risk. The treatment group (Taeksa-tang or Taeksa-tang-gagam) showed more statistically significant effects compared to the control group (Western medicine or Chinese patent medicine) in TER (RR : 1.24, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.34, P<0.00001), TC (MD : -1.12, 95% CI -1.68 to -0.56, P<0.0001), TG (MD : -1.08, 95% CI -1.65 to -0.51, P=0.0002), HDL-C (MD : 0.63, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.93, P<0.0001), LDL-C (MD : -0.81, 95% CI -1.10 to -0.53, P<0.00001). In addition, the treatment group showed lower adverse effects compared to the control group (RR : 0.30, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.74, P=0.008).Conclusion: This study suggests that Taeksa-tang is effective and safe to use for treating dyslipidemia. However, due to the low quality of the included studies, more clinical studies need to be conducted in the future to increase the possibility of clinical use.
Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance among early diagnosed HIV-infected children enrolled through the national program for prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Southern and Central Highland provinces — Vietnam within 2017–2021
Authors: Huynh H.K.T. , Valutite D. E. , Schemelev A. N. , Davydenko V. S. , Ostankova Yu. V. , Truong T.X.L. , Tran T. , Nguyen T. V. , Semenov A. V.
Published: July 2023

Background. In Vietnam, there has been an increase in efforts to monitor and prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV since 2013. However, data on HIV drug resistance among HIV-1 infected children younger than 18 months of age remain limited. The study fills a critical knowledge gap by providing important insights into the prevalence of resistance among this population in the Southern and Central Highland provinces of Vietnam.

Objective. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV drug resistance and patterns of mutation among treatment-naïve children under the age of 18 months who had been recently diagnosed with HIV.

Material and methods. Between May 2017 and May 2021, stored remnant DBS samples were collected from children under the age of 18 months who had been diagnosed with HIV through routine Early Infant Diagnosis testing in Central Highland and Southern Vietnam. HIV drug resistance tests were performed, and interpretation was done using the Stanford algorithm.

Results and discussion. Overall, 111 samples with eligible viremia for sequencing (ct value <31) were collected for genotyping, in which 110 protease sequences and 106 complete reverse transcriptase regions were generated. Males were 61.3%, 52.3% were aged from 6 weeks to <9 months and 37.0% were breastfed. Access to mother-to-child intervention was reported in 60.3%. The accumulation of major drug resistance mutations was found in 43.8% of infants and most of them were resistant to Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI) (37.7%). High-level resistance to Nevirapine was present in 40% of cases. The risk factors associated with NNRTI resistance were antiretroviral prophylaxis (aOR: 3.68, 95% CI: 1.83–7.45) and breast-feeding history (aOR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.03–4.53). CRF01-AE was the predominant subtype.

Conclusion. The study identified a high prevalence of resistance to NNRTIs among HIV-1 infected infants less than 18 months of age in the Southern and Central Highland provinces of Vietnam. This highlights the need for further investigation and a potentially larger national survey to confirm the extent of this issue in Vietnam. Our findings support the current actions of the Vietnam Ministry of Health, which prioritize integrase inhibitor-based regimens as the preferred first line of ART for children to achieve durable viral suppression and minimize treatment failure. This approach aligns with the recommendations of the World Health Organization.
Definition of reflection characteristics of educational process participants with artificial intelligence application
Authors: Grinshkun Vadim V. , Dreytser Sofya I.
Published: July 2023

Problem statement . Artificial intelligence (AI) conversational tools like chat-bots, virtual assistants and dialog trainers begin to apply in education. However, its efficiency wasn't explored because of novelty and lack of related application experience. In this research an approach to conversations based on AI is considered as means to define reflection of educational process participants. And definition results of reflection are compared between an AI conversational tool and an expert's assessment in the educational process. Methodology . Opportunities of conversational simulations based on AI were analysed for reflection assessment. Behavioural markers of reflection in communication were developed as well as assessment procedures in online mode with AI simulations and in offline mode with an expert assessment. Research was provided as a part of the volunteer’s competition. There were 65 participants of the research, students of schools and universities. Statistical processing of the results was performed using Pearson's criteria. Results. Weak correlation was detected between AI and expert assessment. Conclusion. Suggestions were offered about AI assessment improvement for increasing assessment precision of reflection of educational process participants from the methodological point of view as well as from AI algorithms development.
Integration of approaches to employer - college interaction using information environment tools in the context of vocational training
Authors: Barannikova Aleksandra V. , Zaslavskaya Olga Yu.
Published: July 2023

Problem statement . The research is devoted to the interaction in the training of highly qualified personnel using the means of the information environment. The integration of employers and the college considered as an innovative guideline for the development and formation of future specialists in the real sector of the economy. The authors deal with the issue of information media tools that take into account current trends and innovations in the preparation and formation of college students. Methodology . The analysis of foreign and domestic works on this problem is made. With the help of open resources, the integration of interaction between employers and the college using the means of the information environment is considered. Results . The approaches of employer - college interaction are analyzed using the means of the information environment on the example of the Moscow region in order to increase the professional training of college graduates. Conclusion . Modern requirements in the training of specialists require the college to integrate more widely with employers, who should become interested participants in the educational process. The college has a task - to prepare professional personnel in demand in the labor market. For the successful implementation of this task, it is necessary jointly implement modern approaches in the training of future specialists.
Mechanisms for managing the processes of digital transformation of the school: development of digital competencies of teachers
Authors: Khochenkova Tatiana E.
Published: July 2023

Problem statement. The results of a pilot project on the introduction of a structural-functional model for managing the process of developing digital competencies of teachers as an intra-school system of advanced training with a focus on professional deficits in the field of digital competencies of teachers and target methodological support are discussed. The goal of the project is to increase the level of digital competencies of teachers to modernize the educational process of a modern school, change pedagogical practices and learning formats. The project is intended for secondary schools implementing digital transformation scenarios. Methodology. The study of the deficits of digital competencies of teachers was carried out on the basis of SAMR tools and monitoring of digital transformation, the analysis of educational resources of digital platforms, learning formats for building programs for the development of digital competencies. Results. The obtained empirical data on the approbation of management technologies based on data is discussed. The classification of the resources necessary for the project implementation is given, the key performance indicators are determined, the mechanisms for the implementation of the project are shown. Conclusion. Practical experience in modeling the processes of managing the development of digital competencies of teachers can be used by the heads of educational organizations, education authorities to design digital transformation projects and programs, expand the practice of using digital tools by teachers, and accelerate the dynamics of digitalization processes in educational organizations.
Challenging Eurocentric narratives: a postcolonial feminist analysis of the lives and experiences of Third World women
Authors: Rather Nadeem Ahmad
Published: July 2023

The ideas of Chandra Talpade Mohanty, a leading postcolonial feminist scholar, are explored. Attention is drawn to the criticism of Western feminist scholarship by postmodern and postcolonial feminists for its tendency to assume that the experiences of Third World women are universally and essentially same, ignoring the diversity and complexity of their lives. In an effort to better understand and give voice to the variety of experiences among Third World women, these feminists have sought to challenge misleading stereotypes that depict them as helpless, submissive, and oppressed. The importance of recognizing that the lives and experiences of Third World women are shaped by a multitude of factors, including cultural customs, language, history, education, family dynamics, societal values, religion, racial identity, social class, politics and economic status is emphasized. The novel Women at Point Zero is analyzed to illustrate how all these factors in combination play a role in defining the lives and experiences of Third World women. Through this analysis, Eurocentric narratives are challenged and their limitations are exposed. It is also shown how Firdaus, a character in the novel, opposes and subverts essentialist and stereotypical views of women from the global South as passive and oppressed.
Media strategies with lobbyists: government support for the IT industry
Authors: Kotov Andrey A. , Nigmatullina Kamilla R. , Polyakov Maksim L.
Published: July 2023

The communication component of lobbying activity and the role of media communications in achieving lobbying goals are considered on the example of the formation of the legal field of the information technology (IT) industry in the conditions of 2022. As an empirical material, public content initiated by large associations defending the interests of the industry in the media field was chosen. The consistent communicative coupling of the IT industry with the activities of the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation is shown. To analyze the lobbying process, the reputation management, media monitoring and social media system “SCAN-Interfax” was used. In relation to the topic of lobbying for IT interests, a gap in communication activity between the Ministry of Finance and industry associations in absolute terms was revealed. At the same time, in relative terms to the total number of mentions in the media, the efforts were comparable. The actualization of the media strategy of IT associations on the transfer of public merits to the regulator - the Ministry of Finance was found, while the conclusion was made about the effectiveness of lobbying efforts. Semantic analysis of the communication activity of a particular association demonstrated an algorithm for implementing the goals of mediatized lobbying.
Compatibility assessment of the PZ-90 reference frame with the International terrestrial reference frame (ITRF)
Authors: Gusev I.V.
Published: July 2023

The compatibility assessment of the global state reference frame PZ-90 with the International terrestrial reference frame (ITRF) was performed based on
Editorial: Exploring market participants’ behaviour in disruptive global environment
Authors: Legenzova Renata
Published: July 2023

Over the last decade economic conditions, market dynamics, traditional business models and individual behavioral patterns underwent significant and rapid changes due to major natural disasters, global crises, technological advancements, pandemics, war and other global disruptive events (Liu et al., 2021). It shook the equilibrium, stability of and trust in existing systems and industries (Brychko et al., 2021; Ibn-Mohammed et al., 2021), while uncertainty and volatility became a new market reality, forcing individuals, companies, and institutions participants to adapt and modify their behaviors (Aldao et al., 2021; Fiszeder & Małecka, 2022) Understanding market participants’ behavior in the times of disruptive global events becomes crucial for individuals, corporations, and institutions operating in such an environment.
The Concept of Tolerance in the Qur'an as A Basis for Strengthening Islamic Education
Authors: Mukaromah Lailatul
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the values of tolerance in the Qur'an as a reinforcement for the world of education.  The method used in the research is library research by collecting data from literature and information sources, be it books, journals, e-books, articles, theses, internet and other literature sources related to related research.  Tolerance is an attitude of mutual respect and appreciation and does not restrict the freedom of others to do something.  This is evidenced in Surah al Baqarah verse 256 and Surah Ar Rum verse 22 which contain the value of tolerance, namely freedom of religion and respect for differences.  The form of strengthening the verse's education is freedom of thought, respect and respect for differences even though they have the same potential.
Academic Dishonesty in Online Accounting Assessments—Evidence on the Use of Academic Resource Sites
Authors: Conaway Jenelle K. , Wiesen Taylor
Published: July 2023

As accounting programs increase their online offerings, understanding the challenges of maintaining academic integrity online is crucial. This study documents an emerging method of online academic dishonesty—on-demand services from academic resource sites (ARS) such as Chegg.com. ARS are web-based repositories of textbook problems, homework solutions, etc., and many of them employ subject-matter experts to answer questions in real time, potentially during active exams. In periods of fewer online exam safeguards, 13–25 percent of intermediate accounting students are identified as using Chegg during exams. Corroborating evidence shows an anomalous improvement in student performance in online exams with minimal safeguards, which is attenuated by an increase in mitigation policies. Survey responses confirm that students are familiar with and use ARS, including 10 percent who acknowledge use during quizzes or exams. These findings help formulate suggestions about practices educators can employ to decrease pervasive use of ARS in online learning.

JEL Classifications: M49.
Facile and eco-friendly fabrication of superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic SiC surfaces by nanosecond laser treatment
Authors: Xue Yidi , Fu Wei , Wang Huaijin , Song Xiaoguo , Tan Caiwang , Long Weimin , Zhong Sujuan , Jia Lianhui
Published: July 2023

Superhydrophobic silicon carbide surfaces have garnered substantial attention for their potential applications in aerospace, ship domain, military, etc., fields. In this work, we used a nanosecond laser (λ = 1065 nm) and fluorine-free N-octyltriethoxysilane (OcTES) to fabricate SiC surfaces capable of transitioning from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic. Superhydrophilic surfaces were produced within minutes through laser treatment, and the time required to convert it to superhydrophobic surfaces is only 1 h. The apparent water contact angle (WCA) of superhydrophilic SiC could reach the saturated Wenzel regime. The number of hydrophilic polar bonds on SiC surfaces increased while nonpolar bonds of hydrophobicity decreased due to oxidation during laser treatment. After OcTES treatment, the SiC surface transformed from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic (WCA of 153° and roll-off angle of 0°). These results indicate that surface roughness and chemical compositions are critical for superhydrophobicity. It was discovered that Si–O–Si groups were formed on SiC surfaces in the atmosphere, thereby enhancing the material surface's hydrophobicity. Superhydrophobic SiC surfaces also have excellent low-adhesion and anti-icing properties, making them of potential interest for functional ceramic surface applications.
The Influence of Principal's Leadership and Teacher Professionalism on the Quality of Learning in Elementary Schools
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Agung Fitriyani , Riswandi Riswandi , Perdana Ryzal
Published: July 2023

This study aims to: 1) determine the influence of the principal's initiative on the nature of learning in SD Cluster Mawar Kecamatan Kotabumi (2) determine the effect of the instructor's impressive skills on the nature of learning at SD Cluster Mawar, Kotabumi sub-district (3) examine the impact between the authority of the principal and the extraordinary skills of educators together on the nature of learning at SDN Cluster Mawar Kotabumi District. This study used a quantitative descriptive method and ex post facto approach. Using the Slovin formula, the study sample included 67 people out of a total population of 198 people. The study involves a probability procedure to examine the data, specifically the group evidence. The data analysis involves collecting data through questionnaires and documentation, and multiple and direct linear regression formulas are used. Results show a significant influence between principal initiative and instructor impressive skills on learning quality and between principal leadership and instructor skills on learning quality. To improve the quality of learning, collaborative efforts between the principal's administration and teachers' professional skills must be enhanced.
Microemulsion Systems: Generalities and Fields of Application
Authors: Fernández R. Nathalie  , Madrigal R. German  , Chavarría R. Marianela  , Matarrita B. Daniela  , Baltodano V. Eleaneth  , Carazo B. Gustavo  , Pacheco M. Jorge
Published: July 2023

Microemulsions are two-phase oil-aqueous systems stabilized by a surfactant/cosurfactant system, formed from the spontaneous self-assembly of hydrophobic or hydrophilic parts of surfactant molecules, essential at the industrial level for their unique properties, improving processes and reducing costs. Their main uses in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries are to improve the biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs, the skin penetration properties, and the stability and solubility of different ingredients. They are obtained by techniques such as phase inversion and phase titration. They are characterized by different techniques that allow obtaining information on the dynamic properties, droplet size, structural arrangement and orientation, molecular aggregation, and system interactions, which allow improving the formulations continuously. Due to their proven advantages and utilities, as well as their potential applications, it is essential to study these systems.
Machine-Aided Translation and Post-Editing: Matching Curriculum to Evolving Market Needs
Authors:   Department of Translation, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region - Iraq, Al-Rubai’i Alya
Published: July 2023

In this age of digitalization and technological advancement, the labor market of translation has witnessed significant turns in response to market needs. Translation departments in Iraq, unfortunately, have neither updated their educational system nor their curricula to meet these needs. This paper aims to present a design of a supplementary course newly introduced in the Department of Translation, College of Languages, University of Duhok. The course title is Machine-Aided Translation and Post-Editing. Following the Bologna process which aims to improve the quality of higher education, this course has been added recently to the department’s curriculum and taught to fourth-year students of the academic year (2022-2023) as part of the requirements of their graduation project, viz., translation project, which is their main course. Having completed the course, a close-ended questionnaire was distributed to seventy-five students to evaluate the course. Following the quantitative approach in this study research design, the course mostly achieved ‘very good’ results regarding question themes pertinent to the instructor, the course, and the student’s self-evaluation. This study has significant implications for the educational process in that it stresses the need for continuous updating of the curriculum of the department and consequently students’ competences to meet evolving market needs
Misconception in Interpreting AlBasmah, the Quranic Expression ‘Bismillah AlRahman AlRahim’ (بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم)
Authors:   Department of General Education, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Rauf Raad
Published: July 2023

This paper goes through the problems that encounter the translators and interpreters of the Holy Quran particularly the Basmalah. Misinterpretation of the Holy Quran’s expression (بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم) has been a controversial issue for centuries by now. This is partly because most of the Quranic words and expressions are peculiar to the Arabic language and partly due to their particularity to specific denotations used in this Holy Book of Islam. This has been a problematic issue in many attempts of translating the expression into different languages for a long time. Yet no translator, Islamic scholar, or religious and educational institutions undertook the responsibility of scrutinizing the deep conception of the expression (بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم) seriously. Doing so, some of such cliché interpretations even cause unintentional blasphemy according to the Quranic concept. Accordingly, the present study not only sheds light but reconsiders the keywords of these misinterpretations. It focuses on the real meanings and divine parts of speech used by this expression (بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم).
Possibility and Necessity in Translating Dynamic Elements in the Arabic Novel “Al-Shahwan” into English
Authors:   Department of Translation, College of Arts, Mosul University, Iraq, Nasser Luqman
Published: July 2023

This paper aims at investigating the problem of translating dynamic elements in the Arabic novel “Al-Shahwan” into English. It proposes criteria of translation in which the concepts of possibility and necessity are employed to select the most appropriate method of translation. It is hypothesized that when there is a case of possibility, a source oriented strategy can be followed in translation and when there is a case of necessity a target oriented strategy must be used. Practically, in order to test these hypotheses, some dynamic elements in the Arabic novel “Al-Shahwan” with their English renditions have been analysed according to the proposed model. The results proved that the proposed model is applicable and the rule suggested in this paper can be followed in the selection of a translation method.