bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Outcome of Pregnancy Complicated with ThrombocytopaeniaA Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Badugu Rao Bahadur , Kodey Prabhadevi , Pappala Sowjanya
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Thrombocytopaenia occurs in 7-12% of pregnancies at the time of delivery. Knowledge, regarding the causes and effects of thrombocytopaenia on mother and newborn, facilitates proper diagnosis and management of thrombocytopaenia in pregnant women for better maternal and foetal outcomes. Aim: To determine the incidence, causes and outcome of pregnancy with Thrombocytopaenia. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among women attending Outpatient Department for an antenatal checkup at NRI Medical College and General Hospital, Chinnakakani, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India, from October 2017 to October 2019. A total of 44 antenatal women with platelet count less than 1,50,000/cumm were included in the study. They were followed-up throughout the antenatal period until delivery to record any complications that developed due to low platelet counts in the mother and neonate. A neonatal platelet count was done on day one of life. Data was subjected to statistical analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0, all qualitative variables were expressed in terms of proportion. Results: A total of 500 cases were studied of which 50 cases had Thrombocytopaenia with an incidence of 10%. Out of 50 cases, six were lost for follow-up and the remaining 44 cases were included in the study. Out of 44 patients, 52.27% (n=23) had mild thrombocytopaenia, 27.27% (n=12) had moderate and 20.46% (n=9) had severe thrombocytopaenia at the time of diagnosis. Common causes seen were Gestational Thrombocytopaenia (GT) 38.6% (n=17), Preeclampsia (PE) 18.18% (n=8), Gestational hypertension 9.09% (n=4). A total of 11.36% (n=5) required intensive care unit care, 6.81% (n=3) had multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS), 4.54% (n=2) underwent hysterectomy, 4.54% (n=2) had postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), 4.54% (n=2) had secondary suturing done for wound infection, 2.27% (1 patient) underwent laparotomy (for rectus sheath hematoma), and mortality was seen in two cases. A total of 31.8% (14 cases) required blood and blood product transfusions. eight neonates were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. There was no case of neonatal thrombocytopaenia. Conclusion: Thrombocytopaenia is a significant problem in pregnancy; hence, the routine antenatal platelet count should be done for a timely diagnosis of thrombocytopenia.
Correlation of Six Minute Walking Test, Sit to Stand Test and Pulmonary Function Test in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Meghashri V , Raveesha A , . Guruprasad , Mehta Charchit , Deepthi Manchu
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Assessment of functional capacity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients helps in determining the severity of the disease. While spirometry is the gold standard, six Minutes Walk Test (6MWT) and one minute Sit To Stand Test (STST) are simple and practical tests to assess exercise capacity and physical condition. Aim: To find the diagnostic accuracy of these of 6MWT and one minute STST in comparison with spirometry. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine at Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India, from January 2019 to December 2019. All cases of COPD diagnosed using GOLD 2018 criteria were included in the study. Patients performed 6MWT and one minute STST. Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, SpO2, dyspnea, and fatigue (Borg scale) were noted pretest and posttest. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and diagnostic accuracy of the screening test with the decided cut-off values along with their 95% CI were presented. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 64.09±8.31,while there were 112 (94.9%) males and 6 (5.1%) female. Overall, 81.54% of the participants had severe/very severe COPD group, walked <332.49 meters, and only 18.46% could walk more than 332.50 m. SpO2 decreased from 93.98±0.82 to 91.75±1.39. During the one minute STST SpO2 decreased from 93.98±0.82 to 91.75±1.39. A positive correlation was observed between the one minute STST, and it had good predictive validity in predicting COPD as compared with spirometry (area under the curve of 0.915 95% CI 0.866 to 0.963, p-value <0.001). 6MWT has a sensitivity of 81.54%, the specificity of 79.25%, and one minute STST had a sensitivity of 89.23%, specificity of 67.92% in predicting COPD. Conclusion: In a remote clinical setting where spirometry is not available, 6MWT and one minute STST are the best methods for assessing COPD severity.
Determinants of Adoption of Artificial Insemination for Dairy Production: In Case of Zala Woreda, Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Adem Nuradis , Abebe Agidew
Published: December 2022

Despite Ethiopia possessing the largest number of livestock in Africa, its benefit to the country and dairy holder farmers was small. Though the government introduced Artificial Insemination (AI) technology to improve this contribution, but the adoption of AI by dairy farmers was still low. The objective of the study was determinant factors affecting adoption of AI technology for dairy farmers in Gofa zone zala woreda.  In this study both qualitative and quantitative data from Primary and secondary sources was collected. Survey questionnaires were used to collect raw data from AI adopters and non-adopters. AI adopters were selected by using purposive sampling because all sampled household heads were the only adopters in the study area whereas non-adopters were selected by using random sampling.  The data was analyzed by using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics and binary regression model were used for analyzing data. A binary logit model was used to analyze the determinants of adoption of AI technology. Totally eleven variables were included in the model of which age of household head, training on AI, and frequency of DA contact were found significant at 1% (P<0.01) probability level. On the other hand household head’s educational level, access to AI information, and distance from AI center were significant at 5% (P<0.05) probability level. Finally an effort should be given by the woreda government and livestock and fishery development office in increasing rural adult education, expanding AI center, strengthening DA's regular contact with dairy farmers, strong and appropriate information should be disseminated and training on AI technology should be given, which widens the knowledge of farmers on the technology.
A Review on Hidden Subterranean (Hypogean) Ichthyofaunal Resources of India along with IUCN Status, Threats and Its Conservation Strategies
Authors: Sahu Ashish , Singh Mahender , Kumar Ravindra , Sarkar Uttam Kumar
Published: December 2022

Subterranean habitats are one of the most peculiar and mysterious ecosystems on earth, yet we still have very less information about their biodiversity. These animals often live in extremely nutrient-limited environments. Consequently, most of the subterranean fish species are relatively small in size to survive on limited food resources. We present here a systematic checklist along with IUCN conservation status and a comprehensive account of the diversity, distribution, threats and suggest conservation measures for the Indian subterranean fishes. A total of 18 species under 5 orders, 8 families and 7 genera are listed from the secondary data. According to the IUCN Red List status, nine subterranean fish fauna are listed under the Not Evaluated (50%) category, five Data Deficient (27.78%), two endangered (11.11%), and only one species come under the Critically Endangered (5.56%) and Least Concern category (5.56%). Several anthropogenic stressors including agriculture, overexploitation, deforestation, habitat disturbance, hydroelectrically plans, invasive species, human-fish conflicts, climate change, sand mining and un-ecofriendly tourism are threatening these underground fishes. Nevertheless, there have been only a few studies on subterranean fish fauna, partly because many subterranean occur in tropical regions, sometimes in caves of difficult access, where there are few local researchers. It is necessary to promote throughout society the importance and urgency of studying and conserving subterranean resources to preserve their ecosystem services.
Effect of Climate Induced Changes in the Ecosystem Services of Chilika Lake Wetlands of Odisha from the Perspective of Agriculture and Fisheries
Authors: Tomy Vyshak , Mishra Sarba Narayan , Dash Abhiram , Mohapatra B. P. , Sarangi K. K.
Published: December 2022

Aims: The aim of the study is to find out the effect of climate induced changes in the ecosystem services of Chilika Lake of Odisha.

Study Design: The study has been conducted in Chilika Lake, including the peripheral districts Khurda, Puri and Ganjam. Secondary data have been used for rice yield, fish production and for various weather parameters.

Methodology: The statistical analysis like Mann-kendall’s test is used for trend analysis, Fixed panel data regression to find out the influence of climatic parameters on yield of paddy and multivariate multiple regression to study the effect of climate change on fish production has been used.

Results: The fixed effect model was found relevant during panel data regression. The weather parameters annual mean rainfall and soil profile moisture were found positively significant at one per cent level of significance in influencing the yield of paddy. Whereas annual mean temperature, squared rainfall and root zone wetness were found negatively significant. Both the temperature and root zone wetness were significant at one and five percent level of significance respectively. Squared rainfall term is found negatively significant at the five percent level of significance which shows a quadratic relationship between rainfall and yield.  The estimates of fish production, shrimp and crab production in the Chilika lake revealed  that the water salinity and water temperature were found significant at five and ten percent level of significance respectively in the case of fish production. The water salinity founded negatively influences fish production. There were no parameters were found significant in the shrimp production in the lake for the period of 2000 to 2015. The variables water pH and dissolved oxygen were found positively significant at ten and five percent in influencing the Crab production of the lake. The parameter water transparency was found insignificant for all three independent variables viz. fish, shrimp and crab production. 

Conclusion: It is found that annual mean rainfall and soil profile moisture have a significant positive influence of paddy whereas temperature and root zone wetness have a significant negative influence on paddy yield. Only water salinity was found negatively significant for fish production. The parameters, water pH and dissolved oxygen were found to have a positive influence on Crab production in Chilika lake.
Study of the Synthetic Characteristics of Pure Cobalt - Tinged Nickel Oxide (Nio) Membranes (Co)
Authors: Hamdi Anas Asaad , Mahdi Basma Abdul Latif
Published: December 2022

The pure nickel oxide ((NiO) doped with cobalt (Co) in different atomic ratios (at.% 3.6.9.12) were prepared by spraying on glass bases at a temperature of (550ºC), where a solution of nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3) 2.6H2O) is a source of nickel (Ni) with a molar concentration (0.2mol/L) and a cobalt chloride solution (CoCl 2.6H2O) with the same molar concentration as the previous source of the grafting element (Co), The effect of cobalt grafting on the structural Characteristics has been studied. The results of the X-ray examinations showed that the prepared Devices were of polycrystalline cubic structure, and the predominant orientation (111) for all the prepared Devices. It was found that cobalt grafting led to an increase in the intensity of the top of the trend (200) and its relative stability relative to the top of the preferential direction in the X-ray diffraction pattern, while there is a discrepancy in the values of the grain size with an increase in the proportion of cobalt grafting, as the results of the (FTIR) assays showed the emergence of the two chemical bonds (Ni-O) and (Co-O) which appear in the wavelength range (400-500 nm).
Association between working hours and cancer risk in Japan: The Japan public health center-based prospective study
Authors: Hattori Kana , Sobue Tomotaka , Zha Ling , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Shimomura Yoshimitsu , Iwasaki Motoki , Inoue Manami , Yamaji Taiki , Tsugane Shoichiro , Sawada Norie
Published: December 2022

Objectives

In this study, we evaluated the association between working hours and cancer risk in the Japanese population, which has not been evaluated.

Methods

Using a cohort database from a Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study, we evaluated 26 738 participants (16 351 men and 10 387 women), who responded to a questionnaire about working hours and followed these participants from 1993–1994 to 2013. Participants were divided into four groups according to working hours (≤6, 7–8, 9–10, ≥11 h/day). The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each cancer incidence were calculated using a multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

During 488 383 person-years of follow-up, 481 patients with newly diagnosed cancers were identified. There was no clear association between long working hours and overall cancer, lung cancer, and stomach cancer risks. Long working hours tended to increase prostate cancer risk in men and breast cancer risk in women, although the difference was not statistically significant. Increased liver cancer risk with short working hours (HR [95% CI]; 3.15 [1.44–6.88] in the ≤6 h/day group vs. 7–8 h/day) was observed. Colorectal cancer also tended to increase risk in short working hours, however, there were not statistically significance.

Conclusions

In this population, long working hours were not associated with cancer risk with statistically significance. The association between short working hours and liver cancer risk was observed, probably due to the reverse causation of liver cancer.
Are perceived containment and coping styles differentially associated with reactive and proactive aggression?
Authors: Baca Selena A. , Fite Paula J. , Chang Chi‐Ning
Published: December 2022

Studies informing ways to target aggression in youth, particularly through the identification of internal patterns predictive of concurrent and future levels of aggression, could be particularly beneficial. To this end, the current study surveyed 216 elementary‐aged children on topics of perceived containment (i.e., perceived ability of authority figures to control, limit, and set consequences for one's behaviors), coping responses, and reactive (RA) and proactive aggression (PA). Using multilevel modeling, the individual and interactive effects of coping responses and perceived containment on aggression within time and across two school years were examined. Within time, lower levels of perceived containment were associated with greater RA and PA. Passive coping was also positively associated with RA. The relation between perceived containment and RA within time was dependent on humor, whereas the relation between perceived containment and PA depended on problem‐solving. Across time, while T1 passive coping predicted the trajectory of both functions of aggression, a greater number of T1 coping responses predicted the slope of RA with problem‐solving and friend support‐seeking as well as T1 perceived containment also predicting the trajectory of RA. No coping responses moderated the relation between T1 perceived containment and the trajectory of RA. In contrast, humor moderated the influence of T1 perceived containment and the trajectory of PA. Findings give insight into the ways internal processes of perceived containment and coping are associated with patterns of aggression in elementary‐aged youth. This work is valuable in identifying several potential areas for prevention and intervention research.
Adaptive integral‐type terminal sliding mode control: Application to trajectory tracking for mobile robot
Authors: Moudoud Brahim , Aissaoui Hicham , Diany Mohammed
Published: December 2022

This paper presents an Adaptive Terminal Integral Sliding Mode Control (ATISMC) scheme for trajectory tracking problems applied to a differential Wheeled Mobile Robot (WMR). First, a terminal integral sliding variable is designed. Based on the finite‐time concept, an adaptive control law has been developed in which a switching gain is adjusted adaptively by using a novel strategy. This control method aims to deal with unknown bounded disturbances and uncertainties. Moreover, it allows fast convergence of the system states to an equilibrium point. The main features of the proposed ATISMC are its robustness, fast convergence rate, and chattering avoidance. To realize trajectory tracking for WMR, the ATISMC is incorporated into a double closed loop scheme. Stability analysis is performed using the Lyapunov stability theory. Numerical simulations and real‐time experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed controller scheme. A comparison study with the classical ISMC was performed to show the superiority of the developed method.
Solar‐Assisted, Highly Efficient, and In Situ Recovery of Crude Oil Spill by FeCo2S4‐Modified Sponge
Authors: He Jinmei , Wu Yaxin , Cao Guozheng , Shen Lei , Lv Yanqing , Zhang Bin , Ge Jianwei , Qu Mengnan
Published: December 2022

Rapid cleanup of oil spill is becoming a great challenge since crude oil is hard to clean up by conventional porous oil sorbents because of its high viscosity. Herein, novel fabrication of a hydrophobic/oleophilic and photothermal polydopamine (PDA)/FeCo2S4/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coated polyurethane (PU) sponge using chemical polymerization and dip‐coating methods is reported. The optimized composite sponge exhibits high hydrophobicity, high absorption capacity for oils and organic liquids, excellent chemical resistance, and stable recycling. Furthermore, PDA/FeCo2S4/PDMS@PU sponge shows outstanding photothermal conversion capability. Under sunlight irradiation, crude oil viscosity can be reduced by two orders of magnitude due to the rapid temperature rise in PDA/FeCo2S4/PDMS@PU sponge. In addition, a method of in situ pumping for uninterrupted recovery of oil spills from the water surface is designed. Benefiting from great mechanical performance and photothermal conversion capacity, the PDA/FeCo2S4/PDMS@PU sponge can be regarded as an ideal sorbent candidate for the collection of crude oil and treatment of large‐scale oil spill disasters.
Synergetic Enhancements on the Mechanical and Tribological Performance of Al10Cr17Fe20NiV4 Medium‐Entropy Alloys Induced by Nano‐Al2O3 Particles
Authors: Feng Cong , Wang Xueliang , Yang Li , Yu Zhitao , Zhang Pengbo , Wang Yaping
Published: December 2022

Due to the lack of mature mechanisms to support the wear performance of medium‐entropy alloys (MEAs) with nonequiatomic ratios, the practical application of medium alloy in wear‐resistant structural materials is severely restricted. Herein, a nonequiatomic Al10Cr17Fe20NiV4 medium entropy reinforced by nano‐Al2O3 particles is designed and fabricated through high‐energy ball milling and hot pressing. During the high‐energy ball‐milling process, a supersaturated solid solution with a single face‐centered cubic structure is formed in the Al10Cr17Fe20NiV4. The hardness of Al10Cr17Fe20NiV4‐reinforced Al2O3 nanoparticles is 13.9 ± 0.4 GPa measured using nanoindentation, which is about twice high as that of MEAs. Both Al10Cr17Fe20NiV4 and Al10Cr17Fe20NiV4–Al2O3 are implemented to ball‐on disc sliding wear at ambient temperature against an alumina ball and Si3N4 ball. The wear test indicates that the wear rate of Al10Cr17Fe20NiV4‐Al2O3 against Al2O3 and Si3N4 is 13.87 × 10−5 and 9.47 × 10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1, which is lower than those of the Al10Cr17Fe20NiV4, respectively. The significant enhancements in the mechanical and wear performance can be mainly due to the coupled effects of grain refinement and particle dispersion strengthening induced by nano‐Al2O3 particles. The enhanced mechanical and wear properties of Al10Cr17Fe20NiV4 make it a competitive candidate to be applied in advanced mechanical manufacturing.
Freeze‐Casted Keratin Matrix as an Organic Binder to Integrate Hydroxyapatite and BMP2 for Enhanced Cranial Bone Regeneration
Authors: Sow Wan Ting , Wang Yili , Chen Liping , Lai Qiling , Chen Qiong , Chen Linjie , Zhang Chunwu , Li Huaqiong
Published: December 2022

An ideal bone regenerative scaffold is expected to possess architectural characteristics that mimic the bone tissue, osteoconductive properties, and osteoinductive functionality. Key challenges to creating a scaffold with these ideal characteristics simultaneously are the selection of appropriate processing methods and biocompatible materials. Herein, human hair keratin is proposed as an organic binder for the simultaneous incorporation of bone's major inorganic component, hydroxyapatite and bone's growth factor, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) to enable both osteoconductive and osteoinductive characteristics in the creation of bone scaffolds. Furthermore, a freeze‐casting method is selected to fabricate this rhBMP2‐incorporated keratin/hydroxyapatite (KHA) scaffold with aligned lamellar pores to guide and promote bone regeneration. The aligned KHA scaffolds display better mechanical properties, sustained rhBMP2 release, good cell compliance, and 3D cellular infiltration. Implantation of KHA scaffolds in vivo reveals that scaffolds with aligned pores effectively accelerate the healing process of bone defects compared to scaffolds with random pores. This work indicates the distinctive potential of freeze‐casted rhBMP‐2 incorporated KHA scaffolds for bone regeneration.
Defined Alginate Hydrogels Support Spinal Cord Organoid Derivation, Maturation, and Modeling of Spinal Cord Diseases
Authors: Chooi Wai Hon , Ng Chong Yi , Ow Valerie , Harley Jasmine , Ng Winanto , Hor Jin‐Hui , Low Kay En , Malleret Benoit , Xue Kun , Ng Shi‐Yan
Published: December 2022

In the process of generating organoids, basement membrane extracts or Matrigel are often used to encapsulate cells but they are poorly defined and contribute to reproducibility issues. While defined hydrogels are increasingly used for organoid culture, the effects of replacing Matrigel with a defined hydrogel on neural progenitor growth, neural differentiation, and maturation within organoids are not well‐explored. In this study, the use of alginate hydrogels as a Matrigel substitute in spinal cord organoid generation is explored. It is found that alginate encapsulation reduces organoid size variability by preventing organoid aggregation. Importantly, alginate supports neurogenesis and gliogenesis of the spinal cord organoids at a similar efficiency to Matrigel, with mature myelinated neurons observed by day 120. Furthermore, using alginate leads to lower expression of non‐spinal markers such as FOXA2, suggesting better control over neural fate specification. To demonstrate the feasibility of using alginate‐based organoid cultures as disease models, an isogenic pair of induced pluripotent stem cells discordant for the ALS‐causing mutation TDP43G298S is used, where increased TDP43 mislocalization in the mutant organoids is observed. This study shows that alginate is an ideal substitute for Matrigel for spinal cord organoid derivation, especially when a xeno‐free and fully defined 3D culture condition is desired.
Radiopaque Nanorobots as Magnetically Navigable Contrast Agents for Localized In Vivo Imaging of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Oral Cagatay M. , Ussia Martina , Urso Mario , Salat Jiri , Novobilsky Adam , Stefanik Michal , Ruzek Daniel , Pumera Martin
Published: December 2022

Magnetic nanorobots offer wireless navigation capability in hard‐to‐reach areas of the human body for targeted therapy and diagnosis. Though in vivo imaging is required for guidance of the magnetic nanorobots toward the target areas, most of the imaging techniques are inadequate to reveal the potential locomotion routes. This work proposes the use of radiopaque magnetic nanorobots along with microcomputed tomography (microCT) for localized in vivo imaging applications. The nanorobots consist of a contrast agent, barium sulfate (BaSO4), magnetized by the decoration of magnetite (Fe3O4) particles. The magnetic features lead to actuation under rotating magnetic fields and enable precise navigation in a microfluidic channel used to simulate confined spaces of the body. In this channel, the intrinsic radiopacity of the nanorobots also provides the possibility to reveal the internal structures by X‐ray contrast. Furthermore, in vitro analysis indicates nontoxicity of the nanorobots. In vivo experiments demonstrate localization of the nanorobots in a specific part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract upon the influence of the magnetic field, indicating the efficient control even in the presence of natural peristaltic movements. The nanorobots reported here highlight that smart nanorobotic contrast agents can improve the current imaging‐based diagnosis techniques by providing untethered controllability in vivo.
Gold Nanobipyramid‐Mediated Apoptotic Camouflage of Adipocytes for Obesity Immunotherapy
Authors: Yan Jiao , Wang Yanjing , Mu Zhengzhi , Han Xiaoqing , Bi Luopeng , Wang Xingbo , Song Panpan , Kang Yaqing , Wang Lulu , Zhang Xueyan , Wang Yanbo , Zhang Haiyuan
Published: December 2022

Obesity treatment is a global public health challenge due to inadequate weight loss and weight regain even after endeavors with multimodal treatments. Considering the abundance of resident macrophages in adipose tissues, precise regulation of the interactions between macrophages and adipocytes may provide chances for immunotherapy of obesity. Herein, inspired by the phagocytosis of macrophages to clear apoptotic cells in homeostasis, an immunotherapy strategy for obesity treatment is proposed for the first time through apoptotic camouflage of adipocytes by PAAu BPs to activate macrophages for clearance, where PAAu BPs are gold nanobipyramids engineered with adipose‐targeting and apoptotic cell‐mimicking functions. During clearance, the macrophage is switched from pro‐inflammatory M1 to anti‐inflammatory M2, remarkably modulating the immune microenvironment of adipose tissues to prevent weight regain. After inguinal injection with PAAu BPs, the body weights of obese mice are effectively decreased by 24.4% and can be decreased by 33.3% when combined with photothermal lipolysis, and little weight regain is associated with these treatments. This study demonstrates that the strategy of camouflaging adipocytes with apoptotic features holds great potential for obesity immunotherapy.
Assembly of Fillable Microrobotic Systems by Microfluidic Loading with Dip Sealing
Authors: Sun Rujie , Song Xin , Zhou Kun , Zuo Yuyang , Wang Richard , Rifaie‐Graham Omar , Peeler David J. , Xie Ruoxiao , Leng Yixuan , Geng Hongya , Brachi Giulia , Ma Yun , Liu Yutong , Barron Lorna , Stevens Molly M.
Published: December 2022

Microrobots can provide spatiotemporally well‐controlled cargo delivery that can improve therapeutic efficiency compared to conventional drug delivery strategies. Robust microfabrication methods to expand the variety of materials or cargoes that can be incorporated into microrobots can greatly broaden the scope of their functions. However, current surface coating or direct blending techniques used for cargo loading result in inefficient loading and poor cargo protection during transportation, which leads to cargo waste, degradation and non‐specific release. Herein, a versatile platform to fabricate fillable microrobots using microfluidic loading and dip sealing (MLDS) is presented. MLDS enables the encapsulation of different types of cargoes within hollow microrobots and protection of cargo integrity. The technique is supported by high‐resolution 3D printing with an integrated microfluidic loading system, which realizes a highly precise loading process and improves cargo loading capacity. A corresponding dip sealing strategy is developed to encase and protect the loaded cargo whilst maintaining the geometric and structural integrity of the loaded microrobots. This dip sealing technique is suitable for different materials, including thermal and light‐responsive materials. The MLDS platform provides new opportunities for microrobotic systems in targeted drug delivery, environmental sensing, and chemically powered micromotor applications.
A Universal Perovskite Nanocrystal Ink for High‐Performance Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Song Hochan , Yang Jonghee , Jeong Woo Hyeon , Lee Jeongjae , Lee Tack Ho , Yoon Jung Won , Lee Hajin , Ramadan Alexandra J. , Oliver Robert D. J. , Cho Seong Chan , Lim Seul Gi , Jang Ji Won , Yu Zhongkai , Oh Jae Taek , Jung Eui Dae , Song Myoung Hoon , Park Sung Heum , Durrant James R. , Snaith Henry J. , Lee Sang Uck , Lee Bo Ram , Choi Hyosung
Published: December 2022

Semiconducting lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) are regarded as promising candidates for next‐generation optoelectronic devices due to their solution processability and outstanding optoelectronic properties. While the field of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and photovoltaics (PVs), two prime examples of optoelectronic devices, has recently seen a multitude of efforts toward high‐performance PNC‐based devices, realizing both devices with high efficiencies and stabilities through a single PNC processing strategy has remained a challenge.  In this work, diphenylpropylammonium (DPAI) surface ligands, found through a judicious ab‐initio‐based ligand search, are shown to provide a solution to this problem. The universal PNC ink with DPAI ligands presented here, prepared through a solution‐phase ligand‐exchange process, simultaneously allows single‐step processed LED and PV devices with peak electroluminescence external quantum efficiency of 17.00% and power conversion efficiency of 14.92% (stabilized output 14.00%), respectively. It is revealed that a careful design of the aromatic rings such as in DPAI is the decisive factor in bestowing such high performances, ease of solution processing, and improved phase stability up to 120 days. This work illustrates the power of ligand design in producing PNC ink formulations for high‐throughput production of optoelectronic devices; it also paves a path for “dual‐mode” devices with both PV and LED functionalities.
Unravelling the Multiple Synergies in MOF/CMP Supramolecular Heterojunction for Enhanced Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Chen Bo , Chen Wanru , Wang Miao , Peng Chuang
Published: December 2022

Metal–organic framework (MOF) and conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) are two groups of supramolecular structures with potential applications for artificial photosynthesis though their catalytic activities are yet to be improved. A MOF/CMP hybrid photocatalyst NU@FNBZ with markedly higher catalytic activity for CO2 reduction to CO is hereby reported. The hybrid catalyst benefits from the high CO2 adsorption capacity of NU and the high visible light response of FNBZ. Moreover, the covalent bonding facilitates the formation of type II heterojunction that allows electron transfer from FNBZ to NU, leading to improved catalytic activity in the electron rich NU and enhanced CO2 adsorption in the electron depleted FNBZ. This work manifests that multiple synergy effects can be achieved by rational design of hybrid supramolecular photocatalysts.
Novel Interconnected Nickel–Iron Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoweb Structure for High‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: An Cheng Jin
Published: December 2022

Many emerging technologies urgently require powerful energy storage devices, and their development depends largely on advances in material performance to meet commercialization requirements. Here, the synthesis of a novel structure of a Ni–Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH) interconnected nanoweb is achieved at low temperature (100 °C) using a wet‐chemistry synthesis method. The 3D porous structure consists of interconnected nanowires and produces a very high specific capacitance of 1656.0 F g−1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1, which is more than double that recorded for a conventional Ni–Fe LDH nanosheet with a wrinkled structure (787.2 F g−1 at 1 mV s−1). This superior performance is primarily attributed to the 3D porous structure, which provides a large surface area and facilitates electron transport along the interconnected nanowires, thereby shortening the electrolyte diffusion path. A hybrid supercapacitor using the Ni–Fe LDH nanoweb as the cathode material has a high capacitance of 56.2 F g−1 with an energy density of 20.0 Wh kg−1. This unique structure offers significant potential for the preparation of high‐performance supercapacitors and opens a new route for the structural design and development of high‐efficiency electrode materials in numerous energy storage fields.
One‐Pot Construction of Fluorinated Chiral Alcohols via Sequential Substitution/Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of α‐Bromoarylketones and Fluoroalcohols
Authors: Zhao Rongrong , Wei Qiao , Huang Yuxin , Qu Qin , Liu Qixing , Zhou Haifeng
Published: December 2022

A one‐pot synthesis of fluorinated chiral alcohols from α‐bromoarylketones and fluoroalcohols is described. The fluorinated ketone intermediates were formed from α‐bromoarylketones with fluoroalcohols as nucleophiles and solvents, which were reduced subsequentially by adding a chiral Ru catalyst and a mixture of formic acid and triethyl amines (FA: TEA=1.1:1) as hydrogen donor to give 27 examples of fluorinated chiral alcohols in 60–93% yields and 85–98% ee values. Notably, K3PO4 acts as a base in nucleophilic substitution and an additive in reductive step to enhance the reactivity and enantioselectivity, which is crucial for constructing compatible conditions for one‐pot process. This one‐pot process is also applicable to gram‐scale synthesis.
Synergistic Antinociceptive Interaction upon Co‐Administration of Intravenous Ketamine and Lidocaine in a Thermal and Inflammatory Pain Model in Wistar Rats
Authors: Delgado Marina Ayres , Ferreira Luana Assis , Rezende Marcio Junior , Gomez Marcus Vinícius , Castro‐Junior Célio José
Published: December 2022

Combining drugs with different mechanisms of action results in additive and/or synergic effects providing thus opioid‐sparing strategies in pain management. This studydetermines the antinociceptive interaction after intravenous co‐administration of ketamine and lidocaine in rat models of acute and inflammatory pain and evaluates the effect of the combination on motor activity. Thermal pain is accessed by tail‐flick. Inflammatory pain is induced bycompound Freund adjuvant (CFA) into the right hind paw. Mechanical allodynia is assessed with von‐Frey filaments. Motoreffects are evaluated by rotarod apparatus.The profile of interaction is assessed by Isobolographic analysis. Ketamine and lidocaine, alone or in combination, dose‐dependently ameliorate acute thermal pain and mechanical allodynia triggered by CFA. The dose of combinationthat reach 20% or 50% of the maximum possible effect is lower than the expected for an additive interaction suggesting, thus,synergism. The interaction indexes are 0.001 and 0.029 for thermal and inflammatory pain, respectively. Ketamine alone but not in combination reduces the motor performance in the rotarod at 50% antinociceptive dose. Combined ketamine and lidocaine synergistically attenuates thermal and inflammatory pain. Therefore, smaller doses of both drugs retain their analgesic efficacy and are associated with lower alterations in motor activity.
A comparison of pendulum experiments and discrete‐element simulations of oblique collisions of wet spheres
Authors: Punch Oscar , Danczyk Megan , Hawken Mathew , Holland Daniel J.
Published: December 2022

Oblique collisions of two spherical particles coated with a thin layer of viscous liquid are considered. Experimental measurements are performed using particle tracking velocimetry and the results are compared to viscous force and capillary force models via numerical simulation using the discrete‐element method. Comprehensive experimental data for collisions with an impact angle between 0° and 60° are presented to ensure future models can be rigorously validated. Collisions are characterized by the normal Stokes' number (a dimensionless ratio of normal inertial forces to normal viscous forces), and the normal coefficient of restitution (a dimensionless ratio of postcollisional normal velocity to precollisional normal velocity). Good agreement was found between the models and the experiments at high Stokes' number, where the models are dominated by the normal components. As the tangential forces become more significant (i.e., at low to medium Stokes' number, and high collision angle), agreement between the simulations and experiments is poorer. Furthermore, the models predict a decreasing rotational velocity with increasing Stokes' number past some critical Stokes' number. A coefficient of friction term was implemented and found to improve agreement for the rotational velocity postcollision.
Urticaria‐like decompression illness in a caisson worker treated successfully in a monoplace chamber
Authors: Okeya Komugi , Suzuki Shinya , Koyama Yasuaki , Inoue Yoshiaki
Published: December 2022

Background

Although decompression illness is rare for nondivers, it can happen in an environment involving rapid decompression. Recompression is the recommended treatment. We herein report a decompression illness case with cutis marmorata and osteonecrosis in both legs during pneumatic caisson work.

Case Presentation

A 59‐year‐old compressed air worker suffered sudden dyspnea during pneumatic caisson work. He had rash on his trunk and limbs. He was diagnosed with decompression illness, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy was performed twice. He had no neurological dysfunction nor sequalae on discharge, but magnetic resonance imaging follow‐up revealed osteonecrosis in both legs.

Conclusion

A detailed medical history should be taken when treating patients with dyspnea at work. Cutis marmorata often precedes more severe symptoms. Early introduction of hyperbaric oxygen therapy is desirable.
Pump‐controlled retrograde trial off for weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in an adult patient with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Matsumura Kazuki , Matsuyoshi Takeo , Horikoshi Yuichi , Sasaki Junichi , Shimizu Keiki
Published: December 2022

Background

Although pump‐controlled retrograde trial off (PCRTO) is a practical method for weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO), its advantages and safety for patients with pulmonary embolism are not yet reported.

Case Presentation

A 62‐year‐old man with coronavirus disease 2019 experienced sudden cardiac arrest, and VA‐ECMO was introduced. After confirming a massive acute pulmonary embolism, unfractionated heparin treatment was initiated. On day 6, the patient was confirmed stable with a flow rate of 1.0 L/min. However, decannulation led to cardiac arrest and reintroduction of VA‐ECMO. After further treatment, a residual thrombus was observed, and pulmonary arterial pressure remained high. On day 23, ECMO was decannulated successfully after a weaning test with PCRTO, which simulated ECMO withdrawal by generating a partial arteriovenous shunt.

Conclusion

PCRTO is a feasible weaning strategy and can be considered for patients with uncertain cardiorespiratory recovery.
One‐Step Approach for Constructing High‐Density Single‐Atom Catalysts toward Overall Water Splitting at Industrial Current Densities
Authors: Cao Dong , Zhang Zhirong , Cui Yahui , Zhang Runhao , Zhang Lipeng , Zeng Jie , Cheng Daojian
Published: December 2022

The construction of highly active, durable, and cost‐effective catalysts is urgently needed for green hydrogen production. Herein, catalysts consisting of high‐density Pt (24 atoms nm−2) and Ir (32 atoms nm−2) single atoms anchored on Co(OH)2 were constructed by a facile one‐step approach. Remarkably, Pt1/Co(OH)2 and Ir1/Co(OH)2 only required 4 and 178 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively. Moreover, the assembled Pt1/Co(OH)2//Ir1/Co(OH)2 system showed mass activity of 4.9 A mgnoble metal−1 at 2.0 V in an alkaline water electrolyzer, which is 316.1 times higher than that of Pt/C//IrO2. Mechanistic studies revealed that reconstructed Ir−O6 single atoms and remodeled Pt triple‐atom sites enhanced the occupancy of Ir−O bonding orbitals and improved the occupation of Pt−H antibonding orbital, respectively, contributing to the formation of the O−O bond and the desorption of hydrogen. This one‐step approach was also generalized to fabricate other 20 single‐atom catalysts.
Profiling the Heme‐Binding Proteomes of Bacteria Using Chemical Proteomics
Authors: Wilkinson Isabel V. L. , Bottlinger Max , El Harraoui Yassmine , Sieber Stephan A.
Published: December 2022

Heme is a cofactor with myriad roles and essential to almost all living organisms. Beyond classical gas transport and catalytic functions, heme is increasingly appreciated as a tightly controlled signalling molecule regulating protein expression. However, heme acquisition, biosynthesis and regulation is poorly understood beyond a few model organisms, and the heme‐binding proteome has not been fully characterised in bacteria. Yet as heme homeostasis is critical for bacterial survival, heme‐binding proteins are promising drug targets. Herein we report a chemical proteomics method for global profiling of heme‐binding proteins in live cells for the first time. Employing a panel of heme‐based clickable and photoaffinity probes enabled the profiling of 32–54 % of the known heme‐binding proteomes in Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. This simple‐to‐implement profiling strategy could be interchangeably applied to different cell types and systems and fuel future research into heme biology.
Causality and the arrow of time in the branch‐cut cosmology
Authors: Bodmann Benno , Zen Vasconcellos César A. , de Freitas Pacheco José , Hess Peter O. , Hadjimichef Dimiter
Published: December 2022

We basis our initial analysis of the arrow of time on a relationship between the time evolution operator of quantum system and the time‐independent density operator, which describes the equilibrium state of a many‐particle system at temperature . We highlight through this analysis the identification of the imaginary temporal component of the branch‐cut complex cosmic form factor with the direction in which the time parameter flows globally, or the arrow of time. As a novelty, in this work, we calculate the number of branches in the branch‐cut universe to achieve causality involving the global time of evolution of the universe and the local time of travel of the light around each Hubble horizon. The preliminary result obtained is comparable to 60 e‐folds of contraction in the FLRW cosmic scale factor to overcome causality achieved in the bouncing model.
The Chelate Effect Rationalizes Observed Rate Acceleration and Enantioselectivity in BINOL‐Catalyzed Petasis Reactions
Authors: Haeffner Fredrik , Pickel Thomas C. , Hou April , Walker Donald G. , Kiesman William F. , Shi Xianglin
Published: December 2022

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations afforded insight into the origin of the experimentally observed reaction rate acceleration (≥500 fold) and enantioselectivity (≥99 % ee) of 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol‐ (BINOL‐) catalyzed three‐component Petasis reactions . BINOL accelerates the rate determining step by forming a BIV chelate, which involves the loss of water from the hemiaminal moiety to generate an iminium intermediate. Subsequent vinyl group transfer from BIV to the iminium carbon affords the enantiomerically enriched product and a cyclic trigonal B(III)BINOL complex, which rapidly releases the BINOL allowing it to re‐enter the catalytic cycle. In the transition state of the vinyl transfer step, C−H−O hydrogen bonding between the iminium C−H and O of (R)‐BINOL directs the vinyl group addition to the Re‐face of the iminium carbon. This mechanism explains both the rate acceleration and high enantioselectivity of the stereo determining step.
Comprehensive kinetic study for Fischer–Tropsch reaction over KMoFe/CNTs nano‐structured catalyst
Authors: Yahyazadeh Arash , Boahene Philip , Emiola‐Sadiq Tolu , Dalai Ajay K. , Zhang Lifeng
Published: December 2022

The kinetics of the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) reaction was evaluated through detailed experimentation with a KMo bimetallic promoted Fe catalyst supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The kinetic tests were conducted in a fixed‐bed reactor under operating conditions of P = 6.9–41.3 bar, T = 543–563 K, H2/CO = 1, gas hourly specific velocity (GHSV) = 2000 h−1. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism prevailing in CO activation and the rate equation for CO consumption during FT reactions over a 0.5K5Mo10Fe/CNTs catalyst. To evaluate the synergistic effects of Fe, Mo, and K phases on the catalyst activity, both fresh and spent catalysts were thoroughly characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) to ascertain the different phases (active sites) present and relevant interactions. Based on the adsorption of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, 22 possible mechanisms for monomer formation were proposed for FT synthesis in accordance with the Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson (LHHW) and Eley–Rideal (ER) adsorption theories. The best fit kinetic model was identified through a multi‐variable non‐linear regression analysis. The selected mechanistic model was based on carbide formation approach, where H2‐assisted adsorption of CO was considered for the derivation. Kinetic parameters such as activation energy, adsorption enthalpies of H2, and CO were estimated to be 65.0, −13.0, and −54.0 kJ/mol, respectively. Considering the developed kinetic model, the effects of reaction temperature and pressure were assessed on Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) product distribution. Additionally, the kinetic model was compared with the typical Anderson–Schulz–Flory model, suggesting the effects of water‐gas‐shift and the existence of additional formation pathway such as secondary re‐adsorption of olefins for heavier hydrocarbons.
Unraveling the Efficiency of Thioxanthone Based Triplet Sensitizers: A Detailed Theoretical Study
Authors: Chandra Garain Bidhan , Pati Swapan K.
Published: December 2022

Photochemical activation by triplet photosensitizers is highly expedient for a green focus society. In this work, we have theoretically probed excited state characteristics of thioxanthone and its derivatives for their triplet harvesting efficiency using density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Absorption and triplet energies corroborate well with the available experimental data. Our results predict that both the S1 and T1 states are π‐π* in nature, which renders a high oscillator strength for S0 to S1 transition. Major triplet exciton conversion occurs through intersystem crossing (ISC) channel between the S1 (1π‐π*) and high energy 3n‐ π* state. Apart from that, there is both radiative and non‐radiative channel from S1 to S0, which competes with the ISC channel and reduces the triplet harvesting efficiency. For thioxanthones with −OMe (Me=Methyl) or −F substitution at 2 or 2’ positions, the ISC channel is not energetically feasible, causing sluggish intersystem crossing quantum yield (ΦISC). For unsubstituted thioxanthone and for isopropyl substitution at 2’ position, the S1‐T1 gap is slightly positive (
), rendering a lower triplet harvesting efficiency. For systems with −OMe or −F substitution at 3 or 3’ position of thioxanthone, because of buried π state and high energy π* state, the S1‐3nπ* gap becomes negative. This leads to a high ΦISC (>0.9), which is key to being an effective photocatalyst.