bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra-high-performance cementitious composites with enhanced mechanical and durability characteristics
Authors: Sadiq Muhammad M. , Soroushian Parviz , Bakker Martin G. , Balachandra Anagi M.
Published: May 2021

Concrete is the most widely used construction material. It offers a desirable balance of cost, strength, moisture barrier qualities, and dimensional and chemical stability. The rising costs of aging infrastructure systems, however, point to the need for further improvements in concrete properties. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) are predicted to have excellent mechanical properties, and so are attractive candidates for addressing these issues. However, the relatively high cost of CBNs, means that only low weight fractions in cement matrices will be economically viable, which presents a significant challenge. The research presented here investigated various surface functionalization techniques for improving the compatibility of carbon nanomaterials (multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofiber and graphene nanoplatelets) with cementitious materials in fresh and hardened state. The effects of surface functionalization on the contributions of CBNs to the performance characteristics of ultra-high-performance cementitious matrices (UHPCM) were evaluated. Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes at 0.03% weight fraction increased the flexural strength by 30%, doubled the energy absorption capacity, and tripled the ductility of UHPCM. The moisture barrier qualities, abrasion resistance and toughness characteristics of UHPCM benefited significantly from introduction of CBNs at less than 0.1% weight fraction. This study demonstrates that the low weight fraction of CBNs can effectively enhance the key engineering properties of UHPCM at a viable cost. Thus, this approach has both performance advantages and economic benefits.

Article highlights

Surface functionalization of multiwalled CNTs improved dispersion in cementitious matrices at low weight fractions.

0.03 wt.% multiwalled CNT addition increased the flexural strength and the flexural toughness of UHPCM.

Abrasion resistance and moisture barrier qualities improved.

These improvements are achieved at viable cost.
Calibration of κ-ε turbulence model for thermal–hydraulic analyses in rib-roughened narrow rectangular channels using genetic algorithm
Authors: Khan Abid Hossain , Islam Md.Shafiqul , Sazzad Istiak Uddin
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, applications of turbulent fluid flow in removing high heat flux in rib-roughened narrow channels are drawing much interest. In this work, an improved version of the κ-ε turbulence model is proposed for better prediction of thermal–hydraulic characteristics of flow inside rib-roughened (pitch-to-rib height (p/k) ratio = 10 and 20) narrow channels (channel height, H = 1.2 mm and 3.2 mm). For this, the four turbulence model parameters, Cμ, Cε1, Cε2, and σk, are calibrated. These parameters are adjustable empirical constants provided for controlling the accuracy of the turbulence model results when needed. The simulated data are used to develop correlations between the relative errors in predicting the friction factor (f), Nusselt number (Nu), and the model parameters using a multivariate nonlinear regression method. These correlations are used to optimize the errors using genetic algorithm. Results reveal that the calibrated parameters are not the same for all the narrow channel configurations. After calibration, the overall predictive improvements are up to 35.83% and 27.30% for p/k = 10 and p/k = 20 respectively when H = 1.2 mm. Also, up to 15.48% and 18.05% improvements are obtained for p/k = 10 and p/k = 20 respectively when H = 3.2 mm. The role of the two parameters Cε1 and Cε2 are found to be of primary importance. Furthermore, three types of nanofluids i.e. Al2O3-water, CuO-water, and TiO2-water are studied using the calibrated model to check the potentiality of heat transfer enhancement. Among them, CuO-water nanofluid is predicted to have around 1.32 times higher value of Nu than pure water for the same narrow channel configuration.

Article Highlights

κ-ε turbulence model is calibrated for rib-roughened narrow rectangular channels using genetic algorithm.

Cε1 and Cε2 are the most influential parameters on the performance of the model inside rib-roughened narrow channel.

Suggested calibration process is more effective for channel height of 1.2 mm than 3.2 mm.
The effectiveness of double team for transanal total mesorectal excision in treatment of mid-low rectal cancer
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Xuan , Ho Huu Thien , Phan Hai Thanh , Vu Hoai Anh , Pham Nhu Hiep
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Transanal total mesorectal (TaTME) is an emerging surgical technique for mid-low rectal cancer. This study investigated the double-team TaTME on the short-term morbidity, quality of surgical specimens, and functional and oncologic outcomes by comparing them with the single-team TaTME.

Methods:

We analyzed the surgical results of 72 patients (n = 40 double-team TaTME, n = 32 single-team TaTME) with mid-low rectal cancer who treated for mid-low rectal cancer with single-team TaTME or double-team TaTME.

Results:

The operative time was significantly shorter with a double-team TaTME (180 ± 45 min) than with a single-team TaTME (230 ± 55 min). Also, there were no intraoperative events recorded in both groups. The rate of pre-sacral abscesses complications (grade III) in the double-team (0%) was significantly lower than in the single-team group (3, 9.4%). The proportions of TME grade I, TME grade II, and TME grade III were not significantly different between the single-team and double-team groups. A positive circumferential resection margin (CRM) was not significantly different between the double-team groups (2, 5.0%) and the single-team (3, 9.3%). The mean low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) scores were lower in the double-team group (27 ± 4.5) than in the single-team group (29 ± 3.8) (p = 0.048). Simultaneously, the disease-free survival (DFS) rate was not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion:

The double-team TaTME in treatment of mid-low rectal cancer is effective with the shortness of operative time, the lower rate of the postoperative pre-sacral abscess, and LARS scores, while this method guaranteed the quality of mesorectal specimens and the DFS rate.
Update on the safety of anesthesia in young children presenting for adenotonsillectomy
Authors: McGuire Stephanie R. , Doyle Nichole M.
Published: May 2021

Tonsillectomy with and without adenoidectomy is a frequently performed surgical procedure in children. Although a common procedure, it is not without significant risk. It is critical for anesthesiologists to consider preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative patient factors and events to optimize safety, especially in young children. In the majority of cases, the indication for adenotonsillectomy in young children is obstructive breathing. Preoperative evaluation for patient comorbidities, especially obstructive sleep apnea, risk factors for a difficult airway, and history of recent illness are crucial to prepare the patient for surgery and develop an anesthetic plan. Communication and collaboration with the otolaryngologist is key to prevent and treat intraoperative events such as airway fires or hemorrhage. Postoperative analgesia planning is critical for safe pain control especially for those patients with a history of obstructive sleep apnea and opioid sensitivity. In young children, it is important to also consider the impact of anesthetic medications on the developing brain. This is an area of continuing research but needs to be weighed when planning for surgical treatment and when discussing risks and benefits with patients’ families.
Aristotle on How Animals Move
Authors: Golitsis Pantelis
Published: June 2021

The De incessu animalium forms an integral part of Aristotle's biological corpus but is one of the least studied Aristotelian works both by ancient and modern interpreters. Yet it is a treatise where we can see, with some clarity and detail, Aristotle's methodology at work. This volume contains a new critical edition of the Greek text, an English translation, and nine in-depth interpretative essays. A general introduction that focuses on the explanatory strategies adopted by Aristotle in the De incessu animalium plus a historical essay on the reception of this work in antiquity and beyond open the volume. No other work of this kind has been published in any modern language.
Circulation and Upwelling Induced by Coastal Trapped Waves Over a Submarine Canyon in an Idealized Eastern Boundary Margin
Authors: Saldías Gonzalo S. , Ramos‐Musalem Karina , Allen Susan E.
Published: June 2021

Wind‐driven upwelling promotes the onshore transport of dense slope waters onto the continental shelf. New observational evidence suggests that the propagation of coastal trapped waves (CTWs) over a submarine canyon can also cause upwelling within the canyon, independent of the wind forcing. Here, we use idealized numerical experiments to assess the role of CTWs in promoting the onshore transport of deeper waters onto the continental shelf. The experiments are forced with a 7‐days period CTW. Overall, there is accumulated upwelled water in time with increased onshore transport during the low sea level phase of the CTWs. Most of the onshore flow is spread over the upwave side of the canyon during the low sea level phase, but it is advected further downwave during the subsequent high sea level phase. As a result, a dense pool of upwelled water is spread over the shelf extending primarily in the downwave direction.
Genetic underpinnings of sociability in the general population
Authors: Bralten Janita , Mota Nina R. , Klemann Cornelius J. H. M. , De Witte Ward , Laing Emma , Collier David A. , de Kluiver Hilde , Bauduin Stephanie E. E. C. , Arango Celso , Ayuso-Mateos Jose L. , Fabbri Chiara , Kas Martien J. , van der Wee Nic , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , Serretti Alessandro , Franke Barbara , Poelmans Geert
Published: May 2021

Levels of sociability are continuously distributed in the general population, and decreased sociability represents an early manifestation of several brain disorders. Here, we investigated the genetic underpinnings of sociability in the population. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of a sociability score based on four social functioning-related self-report questions from 342,461 adults in the UK Biobank. Subsequently we performed gene-wide and functional follow-up analyses. Robustness analyses were performed in the form of GWAS split-half validation analyses, as well as analyses excluding neuropsychiatric cases. Using genetic correlation analyses as well as polygenic risk score analyses we investigated genetic links of our sociability score to brain disorders and social behavior outcomes. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia had a lower sociability score. The score was significantly heritable (SNP h2 of 6%). We identified 18 independent loci and 56 gene-wide significant genes, including genes like ARNTL, DRD2, and ELAVL2. Many associated variants are thought to have deleterious effects on gene products and our results were robust. The sociability score showed negative genetic correlations with autism spectrum, disorders, depression, schizophrenia, and two sociability-related traits—loneliness and social anxiety—but not with bipolar disorder or Alzheimer’s disease. Polygenic risk scores of our sociability GWAS were associated with social behavior outcomes within individuals with bipolar disorder and with major depressive disorder. Variation in population sociability scores has a genetic component, which is relevant to several psychiatric disorders. Our findings provide clues towards biological pathways underlying sociability.
Overall survival and adverse events after treatment with darolutamide vs. apalutamide vs. enzalutamide for high-risk non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Wenzel Mike , Nocera Luigi , Collà Ruvolo Claudia , Würnschimmel Christoph , Tian Zhe , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Saad Fred , Tilki Derya , Graefen Markus , Kluth Luis A. , Briganti Alberto , Mandel Philipp , Montorsi Francesco , Chun Felix K. H. , Karakiewicz Pierre I.
Published: May 2021

Background

The most recent overall survival (OS) and adverse event (AE) data have not been compared for the three guideline-recommended high-risk non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) treatment alternatives.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis focusing on OS and AE according to the most recent apalutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide reports. We systematically examined and compared apalutamide vs. enzalutamide vs. darolutamide efficacy and toxicity, relative to ADT according to PRISMA. We relied on PubMed search for most recent reports addressing prospective randomized trials with proven predefined OS benefit, relative to ADT: SPARTAN, PROSPER, and ARAMIS. OS represented the primary outcome and AEs represented secondary outcomes.

Results

Overall, data originated from 4117 observations made within the three trials that were analyzed. Regarding OS benefit relative to ADT, darolutamide ranked first, followed by enzalutamide and apalutamide, in that order. In the subgroup of PSA-doubling time (PSA-DT) ≤ 6 months patients, enzalutamide ranked first, followed by darolutamide and apalutamide in that order. Conversely, in the subgroup of PSA-DT 6–10 months patients, darolutamide ranked first, followed by apalutamide and enzalutamide, in that order. Regarding grade 3+ AEs, darolutamide was most favorable, followed by enzalutamide and apalutamide, in that order.

Conclusion

The current network meta-analysis suggests the highest OS efficacy and lowest grade 3+ toxicity for darolutamide. However, in the PSA-DT ≤ 6 months subgroup, the highest efficacy was recorded for enzalutamide. It is noteworthy that study design, study population, and follow-up duration represent some of the potentially critical differences that distinguish between the three studies and remained statistically unaccounted for using the network meta-analysis methodology. Those differences should be strongly considered in the interpretation of the current and any network meta-analyses.
Atomic insights into the oxygen incorporation in atomic layer deposited conductive nitrides and its mitigation by energetic ions
Authors: Karwal Saurabh , Karasulu Bora , Knoops Harm C.M. , Vandalon Vincent , Kessels Wilhelmus M.M. , Creatore Mariadriana
Published: May 2021

Oxygen incorporation from the residual H2O present in the reactor background is a long-standing issue in transition metal nitride films. Energetic ions can abstract H2O from surface and later radicals reduce the metal atom to +3 oxidation state.
Simplified and rapid determination of Ca, K, Mg, and Na in fruit juices by flowing liquid cathode atmospheric glow discharge optical emission spectrometry
Authors: Gorska Monika , Pohl Pawel
Published: May 2021

Atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) microplasma, sustained between a flowing liquid cathode (FLC) and a tungsten anode, was applied for the determination of Ca, K, Mg, and Na in fruit juices with a simplified sample preparation procedure.
High rate fabrication of copper and copper–gold electrodes by laser-induced selective electroless plating for enzyme-free glucose sensing
Authors: Khairullina Evgeniia M. , Panov Maxim S. , Andriianov Vladimir S. , Ratautas Karolis , Tumkin Ilya I. , Račiukaitis Gediminas
Published: May 2021

In the current study, the method of Selective Surface Activation Induced by Laser (SSAIL) was used for the fabrication of metallic and bimetallic structures based on copper and gold on the surface of glass and glass-ceramics.
Solvent-free synthesis of propargylamines: an overview
Authors: Manujyothi Ravi , Aneeja Thaipparambil , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: May 2021

This review focuses on solvent-free methodologies for the synthesis of propargylamines, a versatile class of compounds with numerous applications.
A mobile edge–cloud collaboration outlier detection framework in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Gao Cong , Song Guohao , Wang Zhongmin , Chen Yanping
Published: May 2021

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are extensively deployed to collect various data. Due to harsh environments and limitation of computing and communication capabilities of sensor nodes, the quality and reliability of sensor data are compromised by outliers. With the advent of 5G, sensors tend to generate increasingly more complex data. When faced with big data, traditional outlier detection methods relied on sensor nodes and remote cloud are unable to accord satisfactory performance in terms of delay and energy consumption. To address this problem, we propose a mobile edge–cloud collaboration outlier detection framework. Outlier detection is performed by edge nodes between the remote cloud and the underlying WSNs, while the training and updating of detection model are conducted on the cloud. A fast angle‐based outlier detection method is developed to obtain training data. The detection model is constructed based on support vector data description. An on‐line learning‐based iterative optimization scheme is devised to update the detection model. Besides, a fuzzy concept is incorporated into the detection model to alleviate the problem of loose decision boundary. Extensive experiments are conducted on real‐world data set. Simulation results show that our model is superior to three popular methods in terms of delay and energy consumption. In addition, when the percentage of operational nodes is 60%, our proposal prolongs the network lifetime by 14.2% to 69.8% compared to the three methods.
Extended envelopes around Galactic Cepheids
Authors: Gallenne A. , Mérand A. , Kervella P. , Pietrzyński G. , Gieren W. , Hocdé V. , Breuval L. , Nardetto N. , Lagadec E.
Published: May 2021

Aims. We aim to investigate the infrared excess of 45 Milky Way (MW) Cepheids combining different observables in order to constrain the presence of circumstellar envelopes (CSEs).

Methods. We used the SpectroPhoto-Interferometry of Pulsating Stars (SPIPS) algorithm, a robust implementation of the parallax-of-pulsation method that combines photometry, angular diameter, stellar effective temperature, and radial velocity measurements in a global modelling of the pulsation of the Cepheid. We obtained new photometric measurements at mid-infrared (mid-IR) with the VISIR instrument at the Very Large Telescope complemented with data gathered from the literature. We then compared the mean magnitude of the Cepheids from 0.5 μm to 70 μm with stellar atmosphere models to infer the IR excess, which we attribute to the presence of a circumstellar envelope.

Results. We report that at least 29% of the Cepheids of our sample have a detected IR excess (> 3σ). We estimated a mean excess of 0.08 ± 0.04 mag at 2.2 μm and 0.13 ± 0.06 mag at 10 μm. Other Cepheids possibly also have IR excess, but they were rejected due to their low detection level compared to a single-star model. We do not see any correlation between the IR excess and the pulsation period as previously suspected for MW Cepheids, but a rather constant trend at a given wavelength. We also do not find any correlation between the CO absorption and the presence of a CSE, but rather with the stellar effective temperature, which confirms that the CO features previously reported are mostly photospheric. No bias caused by the presence of the circumstellar material is detected on the average distance estimates from a SPIPS analysis with a fitted colour excess. We also do not find correlation between the presence of IR excess and the evolution stage of the Cepheids.

Conclusions. We report a fraction of 29% of Cepheids with an IR excess likely produced by the circumstellar envelope surrounding the stars. Longer period Cepheids do not exhibit greater excess than short periods as previously suspected from observations and theoretical dusty-wind models. Other mechanisms such as free-free emission, among others, may be at the origin of the formation of the CSEs. We also show that not fitting the colour excess leads to a bias on the distance estimates in our Galaxy.
Numerical modeling of the salt-transfer problem in soils
Authors: Yusupov Mazhid , Tazhibayeva Raikhan , Ziyaeva Sholpan , Kubyashev Kurash
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the urgent problem associated with solving the problems of salt transfer in soils and is devoted to numerical modelling of the transference and diffusion of salts in soils, in which the total porosity of the soil is divided by the fraction of “through” and “dead-end” pores with the corresponding concentration of the solution. A brief review of scientific publications devoted to this problem is given. To study and predict the process of the spread of harmful substances, a mathematical model and a numerical algorithm for computer experimentation have been developed. The solution was obtained using a method based on the use of quadrature formulas in combination with the differential sweep method for a system of ordinary second-order differential equations with arbitrary linear boundary conditions. The concentrations of salts in the “through” and “dead-end” pores, respectively, were studied at various values of the filtration process. The results are shown in the graphs.
Numerical study of fluid filtration in three-layer interacting pressure porous formations
Authors: Ravshanov Normakhmad , Abdullaev Zafar , Aminov Sabur , Khafizov Otabek
Published: June 2021

A mathematical model was developed to numerically study the process of fluid and gas filtration in three-layer interacting pressure porous formations. It is based on the reviews related to the mathematical modeling developed in recent years; it describes a system of partial differential equations with boundary and initial conditions and a conservative numerical algorithm for conducting a computational experiment (CE) on a computer. In this article, to analyze and make managerial decisions, the results of numerical calculations are presented in the form of graphical objects, which can be used to propose schemes for the location and capacity of vertical drainage wells to protect irrigated and non-irrigated areas from flooding. Using the proposed mathematical tool, it is possible to obtain the predicted groundwater levels of any area for the required period of time, taking into account some factors, such as the inhomogeneity of the reservoir in a plan, the slope of the confining layer, and other hydrogeological, hydro-technical, and natural conditions, or to calculate the thickness and the optimal location of vertical drainage wells to protect the territory, and to develop oil and gas fields and increase their oil and gas recovery. Analysis of the results of a numerical study of the process made it possible to establish the degrees of influence of the elastic filtration regime in a weakly permeable layer on the overflow into adjacent layers.
About the properties of ash-filled concrete and JV GLENIUMSKY 504
Authors: Abdullaev Ulugbek , Turgunbaev Urinbek
Published: June 2021

Due to the complex use of a filler from industrial waste in concrete technology, a complex solution to the problems of monolithic concrete technology, including the chemicalization of concrete, chemical additives of polyfunctional action, it is possible to significantly influence the properties of concrete mixture and concrete.
Hydraulic parameters in the area of the main dam intake structure of the river
Authors: Bazarov Dilshod , Umarov Sukhrob , Oymatov Rustam , Uljaev Farokhiddin , Rayimov Khumoyun , Raimova Ikboloy
Published: June 2021

The article presents the study results of changes in flow hydraulic parameters and morphometric elements of the river in the area of the main dam intake structure. A model for studying the direction of flow and other parameters of the flow in the area of the main structure for obtaining water from the Amudarya without a dam has been developed. A functional graph of the depth dependence of the expenditure on the study object was obtained. Graphs of the functional dependence of the diurnal cross-section of the riverbed on the flow depth and the variation of the flow velocity depending on the flow depth were constructed.

The direction and distribution of the flow in the area of the main dam intake structure were studied.
Influence of flow hydraulic characteristics on the ridge lower escarpment angle
Authors: Majidov Takhir , Ikramov Nazir
Published: June 2021

In the riverbeds and canals that run on non-cohesive grounds, bedload sediments move in the ridges form. Ridge forms determine the flow rate of bedload sediments, hydraulic resistances, the types and rates of deformations in alluvial channels. The main elements of ridge formations are height, gentle and steep length with corresponding escarpments. The ridge's steep length and this corresponding escarpment change with changes in the flow hydraulic characteristics. With a change in the ridge's steep length and its steep escarpment, the hydraulic resistance of the channel, the flow rate of bedload sediments, the types, and the channel deformation rates change. In the laboratory, a series of experiments with different sediments compositions and diameters were carried out on the hydraulic tray to determine the main elements (total, gentle and steep length, and the ridge height) and the dynamic characteristics of the ridge formations and the flow hydraulic characteristics. Calculation formulas for determining the coefficient of the ridge lower escarpments with and without taking into account the angle of the natural ground escarpment under water and in the dry state, and the dependence of the steepness of the relative ridge on the relative flow velocity, are obtained. The obtained dependencies allow to accurately determine the geometric and dynamic characteristics of bedload ridges and the corresponding hydraulic characteristics that may define the view ridge formations, ridges resistance of the channel, and the flow rate of bedload sediments, and to design sustainable escarpments large channels.
Channel bed processes experimental modeling in the area of damless water intake
Authors: Norkulov Bekhzod , Jumabaeva Gulnora , Uljaev Farokhiddin , Jamalov Farkhod , Shomurodov Anvar , Qurbanov Azizali
Published: June 2021

The article presents the main results of substantiating the materials used when conducting experimental studies of channel processes in a river, the channel of which is composed of easily eroded soils. It is substantiated that the Amudarya sand cannot be modeled on a geometric scale since the model deposits are too small (powder) and lose the property of loose bodies. In such cases, a material with a decrease in specific gravity without a decrease in diameter is used as a substitute for sand. Since the sediment diameter cannot be reduced, the actual scale of the model remains distorted. It is indicated that the sediment diameter cannot be reduced, then in fact, the scale of the model remains distorted. Therefore, when the bottom of a river bank is made of sand that does not lend itself to geometric modeling, regardless of the change in the specific gravity of the natural material, to ensure the mobility of the sand on the model, it is necessary to distort the vertical scale.

Distortion of scales is also necessary because when using in laboratory conditions the same sand that formed the bed of the river, at any depth with a low velocity, the model observes bottom resistances to the flow of the flow compared with nature. The vertical and plan scales of modeling were calculated, respectively, equal to 50 and 57. According to the results of the calculations, the value of the coefficient of mobility of bottom sediments was established, which was equal to 1.
Ripper for processing slope fields
Authors: Khudayarov Berdirasul , Mardonov Sherzod , Rashidov Nurbek , Sodikov Xasan , Baratov Dilshod
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the parameters of a spherical disk working body. New technology of tillage of slope fields that prevent water erosion, a design scheme of a ripper for its implementation is presented. The ripper consists of lower and upper working bodies of the “paraglider” type and a spherical disk. The study applied the laws and rules of theoretical mechanics, agricultural mechanics, mathematical statistics, and methods of strain measurement and the methods given in the existing regulatory documents (TSt 63.04.2001, TSt 63.03.2001). The new technology of tillage of slope fields makes it possible to form step ridges on the surface of the arable land and on the bottom of the furrow, which protects the soil of the slopes from water erosion. It is established that when the diameter of the spherical disk of 510 mm, the curvature radius of 56 mm, tilt angle relative to the direction of motion of 28-30° to the vertical at an angle of 17-18°, the transverse and longitudinal distance between the disc and work on the bottom ripper respectively 30 and 20 cm ensures the formation of ridges on the surface of the field according to agrotechnical requirements at a minimum cost of energy.
Efficiency of the use of the active working body on the front plow
Authors: Mirzakhodjaev Sherzodkhuja , Shodiev Khodjimurod , Uralov Gayrat , Badalov Sunnat , Choriyeva Dilsabo
Published: June 2021

This work aims to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of an active working body on a front plow. The necessity of using active working bodies is justified, and a front plow with passive and active working bodies is proposed. The efficiency of installing an active working body on a front plow is analyzed. The forces acting on the combined frontal plow are considered. The analysis of the influence of the active working body on the stability of the movement and the traction resistance of the front plow is carried out. The results of experimental studies of a frontal plow with active and passive working bodies are presented. The use of an active working body on the front plow increases the degree of soil crumbling by 8,5%, reduces the traction resistance and specific fuel consumption by 14,7% and 17,2%, respectively, and increases the productivity of the unit by 11,3%.
Improving methodology of automobile operating companies activities simulation modeling
Authors: Irisbekova Mavluda
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the use of mathematical hardware in the efficient organization of the system of servicing motor vehicles. Herewith, simulation modeling methods enable obtaining information about the state of the system analyzed with the application of its programmed model. This information is then used in the design of system management. In addition, proposals have been developed to improve the car maintenance process within the framework of generating random values corresponding to the distribution of probabilities by type of service over the period of entry into the car maintenance system.
Endlich wieder fotografieren! – Betätigungsbasierte Intervention
Authors: Viets Laila , Mayer Simone , Hessenauer Melanie
Published: June 2021

Nach einer schweren Erkrankung ging es der 17-jährigen Laila schlecht: Sie musste beatmet werden und war vom Hals an abwärts gelähmt. In der Reha erholte sie sich langsam und setzte sich in der Ergotherapie das Ziel, wieder ihrer Leidenschaft nachzugehen: dem Fotografieren mit dem Smartphone.
Ernährungsinterventionen in der Alterszahnheilkunde
Authors: März Henrike , Sigusch Bernd W.
Published: June 2021

Studien belegen, dass die Ernährung direkt mit dem Gesundheitszustand des oralen Systems in Verbindung steht. Bei oralen Beschwerden resultieren häufig eine eingeschränkte Kaufähigkeit sowie ungünstige Veränderungen der Nahrungsmittelauswahl mit beispielsweise verringertem Obst- und Gemüseverzehr.Für die Mundgesundheit wichtige Nährstoffe wie Vitamin C, Kalzium, Vitamin B12, Folsäure und Eisen werden dann oft nur unzureichend aufgenommen.

Die Nahrungsmittelauswahl sollte sich an der vollwertigen Mischkost orientieren, mit hohem Obst- und Gemüseanteil. Mit den entsprechenden Lebensmitteln können typische Probleme im Alter wie Mundtrockenheit und entzündliche Schleimhautveränderungen positiv beeinflusst werden. Mit der geeigneten Zubereitung lassen sich Hürden z.B. bei eingeschränkter Kaufähigkeit überwinden.
Impfungen von älteren Menschen
Authors: Wiehl Martin
Published: June 2021

Die Verunsicherung der Bevölkerung in Impffragen ist groß – auch und ausgerechnet in Zeiten einer Pandemie, die im Grunde genommen nur durch eine breite Impfbeteiligung zügig und erfolgreich abschließend bewältigt werden kann. Neben der Verunsicherung, die auch auf die mangelhafte Kommunikation hinsichtlich Nutzen und vermeintlichen Risiken der Coronaimpfstoffe zurückzuführen ist, tragen zusätzlich die mit der Pandemie verbundenen Kontakteinschränkungen dazu bei, ältere Menschen von der Wahrnehmung wichtiger Impftermine abzuhalten. Eine gute Praxisorganisation mit routinemäßiger Kontrolle des Impfstatus und digital unterstützter, systematischer Erinnerung an bevorstehende Impfungen könnte den drohenden Versäumnissen spürbar entgegenwirken.
Fractura de fémur proximal (31-A3.2) asociada al uso de tenofovir en paciente VIH + : Reporte de caso
Authors: Ruiz Pia Franz , Avilez Marco Poblete
Published: June 2021

Presentamos el primer reporte de caso en paciente adulto con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH + ) con fractura por fragilidad en fémur proximal asociada al uso de terapia antirretroviral (TARV) con fumarato de disoproxilo de tenofovir (FDT) en Chile. Actualmente, los pacientes diagnosticados con VIH inician tratamiento precoz con TARV, lo que implica mayor cantidad de años de exposición a los fármacos de la terapia. El tiempo de exposición acumulado al FDT se ha asociado a disminución de la densidad mineral ósea y falla renal progresiva, pudiendo el paciente desarrollar síndrome de Fanconi adquirido y osteomalacia, con riesgo aumentado de fractura. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 44 años, VIH + , evaluado en urgencia tras caída a nivel que resultó en fractura patológica del fémur proximal. Los exámenes de ingreso destacaron hipocalemia, hipocalcemia, hipofosfatemia e hipovitaminosis D. Se realizó manejo multidisciplinario, con suspensión del FDT, un cambio en la TARV, y suplementación con calcio y carga de vitamina D. Se realizó reducción cerrada y fijación con clavo cefalomedular largo, que evolucionó favorablemente con rehabilitación motora precoz; el paciente recuperó su funcionalidad previa, y se observó consolidación ósea a las 12 semanas. La aparición de dolor osteomuscular en pacientes VIH+ en TARV debe levantar alta sospecha clínica de efecto adverso a medicamiento; el seguimiento de estos pacientes debe incluir el control seriado de la función renal y de los niveles séricos de calcio y fósforo. La búsqueda y sospecha de estas complicaciones permitiría una intervención precoz, mejorando la condición de los pacientes y previniendo fracturas patológicas.
Fosfomycin versus Nitrofurantoin for the Treatment of Lower UTI in Outpatients
Authors: Sharma Shraddha , Verma Pankaj Kumar , Rawat Vinita , Varshney Umesh , Singh Rajesh Kumar
Published: May 2021

Introduction Fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin are increasingly being prescribed in outpatients for the oral treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI). Although ample literature is available on the in vitro sensitivity pattern of fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin in UTI cases, clinical data are scant.

Methodology Voided midstream urine, collected from patients ≥ 16 years of age of both genders with suspected sign and symptoms, was plated on cystine lactose electrolyte-deficient agar. Uropathogen was defined as an organism known to be associated with the signs and symptoms of UTI with > 105 colony forming units/mL of urine. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Further, for fosfomycin, agar dilution method was also performed.

Results A total of 143 patients, 47 treated with fosfomycin and 96 with nitrofurantoin, were followed for clinical outcome. The most common isolated uropathogen was Escherichia
coli. In vitro susceptibility rate of uropathogens against fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin was 99.3% and 81.2%, respectively. Overall, the clinical cure rate with fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin treatment groups was 80.85% and 90.06% respectively (not statistically significant).

Conclusion Fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin showed good in vitro activity against uropathogens from lower UTI and can be used for empirical therapy in our area. Multiple confounding factors may have contributed to the discrepancy between in vitro susceptibility and clinical cure, which needs to be studied further.
Design and selection of high energy materials based on 4,8-dihydrodifurazano[3,4-b,e]pyrazine
Authors: Jin Xing-hui , Liu Lu-hao , Zhou Jian-hua , Hu Bing-cheng
Published: June 2021

In order to search for high energy density materials, various 4,8-dihydrodifurazano[3,4-b,e]pyrazine based energetic materials were designed. Density functional theory was employed to investigate the relationships between the structures and properties. The calculated results indicated that the properties of these designed compounds were influenced by the energetic groups and heterocyclic substituents. The -N3 energetic group was found to be the most effective substituent to improve the heats of formation of the designed compounds while the tetrazole ring/-C(NO2)3 group contributed much to the values of detonation properties. The analysis of bond orders and bond dissociation energies showed that the addition of -NHNH2, -NHNO2, -CH(NO2)3 and -C(NO2)3 groups would decrease the bond dissociation energies remarkably. Compounds A8, B8, C8, D8, E8, and F8 were finally screened as the potential candidates for high energy density materials since these compounds possess excellent detonation properties and acceptable thermal stabilities. Additionally, the electronic structures of the screened compounds were calculated.
Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass).
Authors: Duenas-Lopez Manuel Angel
Published: May 2021

Eragrostis pilosa is an annual grass native to Eurasia and Africa that has become naturalized in many other tropical and temperate regions of the world. It is a common weed in disturbed areas such as roadsides and crop fields. It is invasive in a number of Pacific Islands, the Philippines, Australia, and North America but no further information is available about its impacts or invasiveness in natural or semi-natural habitats in its non-native range.
Grapholita molesta (Oriental fruit moth).
Authors: Il'ichev Alex
Published: May 2021

G. molesta is a serious pest of economic importance of commercial stone and pome fruits around the world. G. molesta damages peaches, nectarines, plums, cherries, apricots, apples, pears, quinces and nashi (Asian pears) and can also attack and cause economic damage on other commercial fruits. In severe attacks, young trees can suffer distortion of growing shoots and stems, which makes pruning, training and shaping the tree canopy difficult, particularly for close-planting industrial systems such as Tatura trellis. One larva can damage many shoots by tunnelling deep into young shoot tips. Larvae move to feed on the green fruits usually after shoots mature and harden. One larva can damage many fruits, particularly when fruits are located close to each other.
Opuntia stricta (erect prickly pear).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick , Rojas-Sandoval Julissa
Published: May 2021

Opuntia stricta is a cactus species native to the Americas that has been introduced worldwide as a popular ornamental. This species escaped from cultivation and has become invasive in many countries across Africa and Australia, but also more recently in the Mediterranean basin. Large and serious invasions have been reported in Australia, South Africa, Namibia, Yemen, India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar and lately also Spain and some North African countries. It has also become naturalized in many other regions (primarily in Africa and Asia) where it has not yet been recorded as a pest. In South Africa and Namibia large infestations have been reported, mainly in dry savanna bushlands, while in Australia all states are invaded with widespread populations invading southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales. Successful biological control programmes have, however, severely reduced the spread of this species in many areas where introduced, though there continues to be a risk of further introduction through the nursery trade.
Universalism doesn’t entail extensionalism
Authors: Loss Roberto
Published: May 2021

In the literature on mereology it is often accepted that mereological universalism entails extensionalism. More precisely, many accept that, if parthood is assumed to be a partial order (and, thus, the relevant theory of parthood is taken to be at least as strong as ‘core mereology’), the thesis that every plurality of entities has a mereological fusion entails the thesis that different composite entities have different proper parts. Central to this idea is the principle known as ‘Weak Supplementation’ which many take to impose an important constraint on the relation of proper parthood. In this paper I argue that this claim is false as the principle that I will call ‘Minimal Supplementation’ appears to be capable of doing all the work done by Weak Supplementation but without entailing extensionalism if conjoined with universalism and core mereology.
Species cohesion of an extremophyte (Carex angustisquama, Cyperaceae) in solfatara fields maintained under interspecific natural hybridization
Authors: Nagasawa Koki , Setoguchi Hiroaki , Maki Masayuki , Sawa Kazuhiro , Horie Kenji , Sakaguchi Shota
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims

Hybridization is the main driver of plant diversification, and gene flow via hybridization has multifaceted effects on plant evolution. Carex angustisquama is an extremophyte that grows on soils heavily acidified by volcanism. Despite its habitat distinct from that of other species, this species is known to form interspecific hybrids, implying interspecific gene flow. It is crucial to verify the extent and direction of interspecific gene flow between C. angustisquama and closely related species to understand the evolutionary process of an extremophyte in solfatara fields.

Methods

In this study, expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat markers were utilized to infer the extent and direction of interspecific gene flow between C. angustisquama and closely related species.

Key Results

Bayesian clustering and simulation analyses revealed that all individuals of the three hybrid species were classified into the first hybrid generation or first backcross to C. angustisquama; therefore, current interspecific gene flow is limited. Moreover, in the Bayesian inference of historical gene flow based on multispecies samples, the model that assumed no interspecific gene flow was the most strongly supported across all species pairs, including phylogenetically close but ecologically distinctive species pairs.

Conclusions

Our results revealed that interspecific gene flow between C. angustisquama and its related species has been limited both currently and historically. Moreover, our results of Bayesian inference of historical gene flow indicated that extrinsic, rather than intrinsic, factors probably act as isolating barriers between Carex species, with hybrid breakdown via microhabitat segregation being the probable potential barrier. Overall, our findings provide insights into the evolutionary process of an extremophyte in solfatara fields and offer an important example of the mechanisms of diversification of the speciose genus Carex.
Binding non-signatories to arbitrate—the United States approach
Authors: Mišović Andrijana
Published: June 2021

Parties’ consent to the arbitration is the basis for tribunal’s authority to decide the case and, as such, is of fundamental importance in any arbitration proceedings. Commercial reality, however, often requires from the so called ‘non-signatories’ of the contract containing an arbitration clause to participate in performance of such contract. Being sensitive to such commercial concerns, the US courts have developed different domestic theories for binding the non-signatories. Recent ruling of the US Supreme Court holds that such domestic theories are also applicable in cases governed by Chapter 2 of the Federal Arbitration Act (incorporating New York Convention). However, the Supreme Court did not resolve the question which law should be applied to the issue of binding the non-signatories. Although US courts might be more inclined to apply federal principles to this issue, this is not the only possible solution based on the current SCOTUS case-law. The US court could also resort to the choice of law analysis and apply appropriate (foreign) state principles for binding the non-signatories. However, different states clearly have different views of the issue of binding the non-signatories, as this article briefly outlines. Thus, the same factual pattern might lead to completely different results.
Circ_0091702 relieves lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell injury by regulating the miR-182/PDE7A axis in sepsis
Authors: Zhang Xinliang , Dong Shimin
Published: June 2021

Circular RNA plays an important role in the progression of sepsis. Circ_0091702 has been found to be an important regulator of sepsis progression, so its role and mechanism in sepsis progression deserve to be further explored. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could suppress cell viability, while enhance cell apoptosis and inflammation to induce cell injury. Circ_0091702 was downregulated in LPS-induced HK2 cells, and its overexpression alleviated LPS-induced cell injury. MiR-182 could be sponged by circ_0091702. Moreover, miR-182 inhibitor could relieve LPS-induced cell injury, and its overexpression also reversed the inhibition of circ_0091702 on LPS-induced cell injury. PDE7A was a target of miR-182, and its expression was reduced in LPS-induced HK2 cells. Additionally, silencing of PDE7A reversed the suppressive effect of circ_0091702 on LPS-induced cell injury. Our data suggested that circ_0091702 sponged miR-182 to regulate PDE7A, thereby alleviating LPS-induced cell injury in sepsis.
Recent advances in nanotherapeutics for the treatment of burn wounds
Authors: Huang Rong , Hu Jun , Qian Wei , Chen Liang , Zhang Dinglin
Published: May 2021

Moderate or severe burns are potentially devastating injuries that can even cause death, and many of them occur every year. Infection prevention, anti-inflammation, pain management and administration of growth factors play key roles in the treatment of burn wounds. Novel therapeutic strategies under development, such as nanotherapeutics, are promising prospects for burn wound treatment. Nanotherapeutics, including metallic and polymeric nanoformulations, have been extensively developed to manage various types of burns. Both human and animal studies have demonstrated that nanotherapeutics are biocompatible and effective in this application. Herein, we provide comprehensive knowledge of and an update on the progress of various nanoformulations for the treatment of burn wounds.