bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Quality of Patient-Oriented Internet Information on Fluorescence Image-Guided Surgery
Authors: Khalid Aizaz , Anuff Heena , Woodhead Sophie , Yeung Trevor M
Published: February 2024

Background: In the digital age, patients are increasingly turning to the internet to seek medical information to aid in their decision-making process before undergoing medical treatments. Fluorescent imaging is an emerging technological tool that holds promise in enhancing intra-operative decision-making during surgical procedures. This study aims to evaluate the quality of patient information available online regarding fluorescence imaging in surgery and assesses whether it adequately supports informed decision-making.
Method: The term “patient information on fluorescence imaging in surgery” was searched on Google. The websites that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were assessed using two scoring instruments. DISCERN was used to evaluate the reliability of consumer health information. QUEST was used to assess authorship, tone, conflict of interest and complementarity.
Results: Out of the 50 websites identified from the initial search, 10 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Only 2 of these websites were updated in the last 2 years. The definition of fluorescent imaging was stated in only 50% of the websites. Although all websites mentioned the benefits of fluorescence imaging, none mentioned potential risks. Assessment by DISCERN showed that 30% of the websites were rated low and 70% were rated moderate. With QUEST, the websites demonstrated an average score of 62.5%.
Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of providing patients with accurate and balanced information about medical technologies and procedures they may undergo. Fluorescent imaging in surgery is a promising technology that can potentially improve surgical outcomes. However, patients need to be well-informed about its benefits and limitations in order to make informed decisions about their healthcare.
Fire safety in heritage structures: A case study on heritage temple with performance-based design fire approach
Authors: Kumar Aravind , Shoeb Mohammad Ahmad , Tiwari Mahesh Kumar , Kumar Rakesh , Mehta Charu
Published: February 2024

Heritage structures are continuously subject to fire accidents due to the presence of combustible materials that result in the loss of heritage as well as the fatality of occupants. The probability of fatalities increases when the limit of the number of occupants is violated. Fire accidents in Indian heritage temples witnessed a huge number of deaths due to incapacitation and stampedes. This study aims to evaluate fire hazards (thermal, visibility, and toxic hazards) using a performance-based design fire approach for an Indian heritage temple. A heritage model temple was created in Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) with dimensions of 19.25 m × 19.25 m × 9.75 m. A design fire of 5 MW was specified for three different fire growth rates i.e., medium (0.012 kW/s2), fast (0.047 kW/s2), and ultrafast (0.19 kW/s2). Thermal, visibility, and toxic hazards expressed in terms of temperature, visibility, and concentration of CO2 and CO reached the tenable limit in 170, 160, 383, and 176 s respectively. Thus Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) for occupants was only 160 s. The effect of soot yield and ventilation conditions on fire hazards was also analyzed. Required Safe Egress Time (RSET) estimated with an egress model for an occupant load factor of 1.4 m2/ person as per the National Building Code of India 2016 was found to be 109 s. The safety margin between ASET and RSET was increased significantly with the help of two smoke extractors. The results obtained from this study will provide valuable insights into fire safety measures in similar heritage structures.
Morinda officinalis alleviates apoptosis of hippocampal CA3 cells by up-regulating raphe nucleus miR-16-5p in the rat model of depression
Authors: Li Pengwan , Chen Shiqi , Zhang Jing , Yin Dehui , Zhu Ye
Published: February 2024

In the classic pathogenesis of depression, the reduced 5-HT projection in cholinergic neurons located in the raphe nucleus to the hippocampus leads to the loss of hippocampal neurons. In order to increase the 5-HT projection in the the raphe nucleus to hippocampus, the classic drug fluoxetine developed for the 5-HT reuptake mechanism in the raphe nucleus not only competitively binds to the serotonin transporter (SERT), but also affects miR-16 targeting 5-HT reuptake proteins. Morinda officinalis has a clear antidepressant effect, but its mechanism of action on miR-16 is still unclear. Therefore, this study validated the mechanism by which Morinda officinalis alleviates hippocampal CA3 cell apoptosis by upregulating miR-16-5p in the raphe nucleus in vivo. Firstly, Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) combined with solitary depression rats were established.Secondly, after 3 weeks of administration, the effects of Morinda officinalis (3g/(kg·d)) on behavior, raphe nucleus miR-16-5p level, raphe nucleus serotonin transporte level, hippocampal 5-HT content and hippocampal CA3 cell apoptosis of depressed rats were observed by Open-Field Test, PCR, Western blot, ELISA and TUNEL. The results showed that Morinda officinalis can significantly improve the behavioral score of CUMS rats, increase the level of miR-16-5p in raphe nucleus, decrease the level of serotonin transporte in raphe nucleus, increase the content of 5-HT in hippocampal cells, and alleviate the apoptosis of hippocampal CA3 cells. In conclusion, Morinda officinalis inhibits the reuptake of 5-HT by indirectly up-regulating the expression level of miR-16-5p in raphe nucleus, thereby increasing the 5-HT projection in the raphe nucleus to hippocampus CA3 cells, alleviating the apoptosis of hippocampal CA3 cells and playing an antidepressant role.
Denning and maternal behavior of caracals (Caracal caracal)
Authors: Serieys Laurel , Leighton Gabriella RM , Merondun Justin , Bishop Jacqueline M
Published: February 2024

Knowledge of behaviors surrounding reproduction in wild species is essential to the development of effective management and conservation strategies. Many carnivores use dens to increase the safety and survival of their neonatal young while females shift to central-place foraging to meet the energetic demands of raising young. Caracals (Caracal caracal), a medium-size wild cat, have a widespread geographic distribution but limited information from minimal observations exists on the behaviors associated with denning and caring for young. We report observations of dens used by four caracals in the surrounds of Cape Town, South Africa, including the duration of den use, maternal home ranges, and movements away from dens. Three of four females established denning in September and one in December, suggesting a birth pulse during the Southern Hemisphere spring and summer. Of seven den sites we documented, six were in dense shrubland fynbos vegetation and one among boulders; all of which had thick overhead cover. Females and neonatal young used 1–3 primary dens for approximately six weeks, followed by the use of short-term auxiliary dens. Female maternal home ranges were approximately 31% the size of their home ranges estimated using all their data. Trips away from the dens averaged 12 hours while the average maximum distances across all trips away from dens for each female was 1135 m (range = 801–1327 m). Our observations inform our understanding of the timing and physical characteristics of caracal dens and help fill research gaps on the natural history of caracal denning behavior.
18F-FDG positron emission tomography as a marker of disease activity and treatment response in Ankylosing Spondylitis and Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Rodríguez-Fonseca Omar D. , Aguiar Pablo , García Francisco M. González , Llana Belén Fernández , Díaz Carmen Vigil , Grande María Luz Domínguez , Silva Rubén Queiro , Brandy-García Anahy M. , Castro Sara Alonso , Hernández Julia Cortés
Published: February 2024

Objectives The ability of 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) to track disease activity and treatment response in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) or Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) remains unclear. Here, we assessed whether 18F-FDG uptake is a marker of disease activity and treatment response in AS or PsA, and explored the ability of 18F-FDG to predict treatment response.Methods Patients with AS (n = 16) or PsA (n = 8) who were scheduled to initiate treatment with biologics were recruited. Participants underwent a clinical evaluation and an 18F-FDG scan prior to therapy initiation. Eleven participants underwent a follow-up 18F-FDG scan 3 months post-treatment. Images were quantified using a composite measure that describes the inflammatory status of the patient.Results Clinically involved joints/entheses had higher 18F-FDG uptake compared to unaffected areas (median difference > 0.6, p < 0.01). Among patients with AS, pre-treatment 18F-FDG uptake was strongly associated with disease activity (r = 0.65, p = 0.006). Longitudinal 18F-FDG scans demonstrated that decreases in uptake at 3 months were associated to clinical response (βΔgSUVmax > 8.5, p < 0.001). We found no significant association between pre-treatment 18F-FDG uptake and subsequent clinical response.Conclusions 18F-FDG PET shows potential as a marker of disease activity in AS and PsA, allowing for monitorization of biological treatment efficacy in these patients.
Perception of Ethical Risks of Artificial Intelligence Technology in the Context of Individual Cultural Values and Intergenerational Differences: The Case of China
Authors: GUO JUNTAO , CHEN JIAQI , CHENG SUYANG
Published: February 2024

The rapid development of General Artificial Intelligence Technology has attracted significant attention from global society, which gradually emerged some concerns due to the ethical implications it may bring. Experts, scholars, and the public from different fields and age groups have mixed views on this technology. Under the current circumstances, it is crucial to explore the relationship between digital intergenerational differences, cultural values, and the perception of ethical risks associated with artificial intelligence. Through multiple regression analysis by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) on 310 collected responses, the results have indicated that digital intergenerational differences do not significantly affect the perception of ethical risks related to artificial intelligence; under the interaction of collectivism, long-term orientation, and intergenerational differences with masculinity, the impact on the perception of AI ethical risks is positive. Combining the findings can not only help to mitigate the inherent biases between digital generations but also facilitates a multidimensional approach to address differences in perceptions of AI ethical risks. Additionally, it contributes to establishing a more diverse and inclusive environment by incorporating cultural differences into policy formulation, enabling a collective response to potential ethical risks that may emerge in the future of the artificial intelligence field.
Determination of heavy metals and Morpho-anatomical characteristics of monocots Aristida mutabilis and Cenchrus ciliaris in dust polluted stone crushing industry of Sargodha, Pakistan
Authors: Sultan Muhammad Asim , Ahmad Iftikhar , Abbas Toqeer , Shah Anis Ali
Published: February 2024

The current investigation was carried out to examine the population dynamics in the vegetation growing in the severe dust pollution caused by the stone crushing industry in Sargodha's Kirana Hills. The floristic composition of the area was completed and study sites were chosen through a thorough survey. Data about dust, soil, and vegetation were gathered from all study sites at all times of the year in order to investigate seasonal variations in the structure of the plant community and the factors causing these variations. All heavy metal concentrations were higher at extreme dust sites, especially in the winter, according to a heavy metal analysis of the dust. Based on soil analysis, different sites and seasons had different soil compositions. Herbs were collected from all research sites in all seasons to investigate seasonal fluctuations in morpho-anatomical, biochemical, and physiological features in the vegetation and heavy metal analysis. All plants' morpho-anatomical features were severely affected in extreme dust sites, particularly in the winter. However, all plants in these sites also showed high levels of sclerification in their leaves, roots, and stems, as well as the presence of large aerenchyma cells in their roots. These modifications help the plants survive in such a harsh and polluted environment. Extreme dust areas significantly reduced the physiological characteristics of all plants, especially during the winter.Reactive oxygen species (H2O2) production was elevated in extreme dust sites according to biochemical parameters. Additionally, enzymatic, non-enzymatic, and osmoprotective antioxidant activity was elevated at extreme dust sites, primarily during the winter. These modifications aid in the survival of local plants in the severely dust-polluted environment. Heavy metal concentration in all studied ecotypes increased at extreme dust areas, particularly in the winter; this may have been caused by phytoaccumulation.
Impact of different fibrin glue application methods on hernia mesh fixation capability
Authors: Takegawa Yoshitaka , Tsutsumi Norifumi , Yamanaka Kazunori , Koga Yuki
Published: February 2024

The use of fibrin glue for hernia mesh fixation has been suggested to be effective in preventing hematomas and reducing postoperative pain. The effect of fibrin glue can vary significantly based on the device used. This study assessed the efficacy of fibrin glue based on the type of devices used in an ex vivo system. The rabbit’s abdominal wall was trimmed to a size of 3.0 × 6.0 cm and was secured at the edges with metal fixtures. To measure the maximum tensile strength at the point of adhesion failure, the hernia mesh was fixed to the rabbit’s abdominal wall using fibrin glue in a 2-cm square area, left for 3 min, and then pulled at a speed of 50 cm/min. The test was conducted 10 times for each group. The median (minimum–maximum) tensile strength values using the spraying, two-liquid mixing, and sequential layering methods were 3.58 (1.99–4.95), 0.51 (0.27–1.89), and 1.32 (0.63–1.66) N, respectively. The spraying method had predominantly higher tensile strength values than the two-liquid mixing and sequential layering methods (P < 0.01). In conclusion, in hernia mesh fixation, the spraying method can be adopted to achieve appropriate adhesive effects.
Effects of Neural Adaptation to Habitual Spherical Aberration on Depth of Focus
Authors: Bang Seung Pil , Sabesan Ramkumar , Yoon Geunyoung
Published: February 2024

We investigated how long-term visual experience with habitual spherical aberration (SA) influences subjective depth of focus (DoF). Nine healthy cycloplegic eyes with habitual SAs of different signs and magnitudes were enrolled. An adaptive optics (AO) visual simulator was used to measure through-focus high-contrast visual acuity after correcting all monochromatic aberrations and imposing +0.5 µm and -0.5 µm SAs for a 6-mm pupil. The positive (n=6) and negative (n=3) SA groups ranged from 0.17 to 0.8 μm and from -1.2 to -0.12 μm for a 6-mm pupil, respectively. For the positive habitual SA group, the median DoF with positive AO-induced SA (2.18D) was larger than that with negative AO-induced SA (1.91D); for the negative habitual SA group, a smaller DoF was measured with positive AO-induced SA (1.81D) than that with negative AO-induced SA (2.09D). The difference in the DoF of individual participants between the induced positive and negative SA groups showed a quadratic relationship with the habitual SA. Subjective DoF tended to be larger when the induced SA in terms of the sign and magnitude was closer to the participant’s habitual SA, suggesting the importance of considering the habitual SA when applying the extended DoF method using optical or surgical procedures.
Do macroprudential borrower-based measures influence inequality? A structural approach for an emerging economy
Authors: Alupoaiei Alexie , Ichim Simona , Neagu Florian , Popa Radu
Published: February 2024

In the context of high macroeconomic and financial volatility, it is appropriate to implement stricter macroprudential borrower-based measures, such as loan-to-value (LTV) ratios. Lower (stricter) LTV ratios can lead to decreased inequality in consumption. However, the effects on wealth inequality are mixed. On one hand, lower LTV supports decrease in non-performing loans, which can have positive consequences on wealth inequality. On the other hand, it reduces access to finance that might have negative consequences on wealth inequality. In the absence of negative unexpected economic shocks, loosening (higher) LTV ratios may lead to an increase in home ownership, which can have positive effects on reducing wealth inequality. In terms of credit risk, our results underline that a tighter LTV policy is associated with lower default rates. Moreover, our analysis based on a novel approach suggests that potential effects on inequality could be also taken into account within calibration of the LTV policy.
JEL codes: C53, E27, E32, E44.
Model establishment and pathological mechanism of portal vein thrombosis in rats with cirrhosis
Authors: Guo Yanan , Dong Sisi , Li Meng , Tao Yanyan , Lv Jing , Liu Chenghai
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication of liver cirrhosis that can aggravate portal hypertension. However, there are features of both PVT and cirrhosis that are not recapitulated in most current animal models. In this study, we aimed to establish a stable animal model of PVT and cirrhosis, intervene with anticoagulants, and explore the related mechanism.
Methods: First, 41 male SD rats were divided into 6 groups: the partial portal vein ligation (PPVL) group; week 4, 6, 8, and 10 model group; and the rivaroxaban-treated group. The rats were subjected to PPVL and were treated with or without carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication for different durations. Seven normal rats were used as controls. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transferase (AST) levels and parameters for blood coagulation were all assayed with kits. Liver inflammation, collagen deposition and hydroxyproline (Hyp) levels were also evaluated. The extrahepatic macro-PVT was observed via portal vein HE staining, etc. The intrahepatic microthrombus was stained via fibrinogen immunohistochemistry. The portal blood flow velocity (PBFV) was detected via color Doppler ultrasound. Vascular endothelial injury was evaluated by von Willebrand Factor (vWF) immunofluorescence. Fibrinolytic activity was estimated by western blot analysis of fibrin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).
Results: After PPVL surgery and 10 weeks of CCl4 intoxication, a rat model that exhibited characteristics of both cirrhosis and extra and intrahepatic thrombus was established. In cirrhotic rats with PVT, the PBFV decreased, pro- and anticoagulation functions decreased, the PBFV tended to be easily embolized, and vascular endothelial injuried and fibrinolytic activity decreased. Rivaroxaban-treated rats had improved coagulation function, increased PBFV and fewer thrombi. This effect was related to the improvements in endothelial injury and fibrinolytic activity.
Conclusions: The PPVL operation plus CCl4 intoxication can induce a rat model of PVT with cirrhosis that is consistent with clinical features. Rivaroxaban can attenuate PVT and has the effect against liver fibrosis. The mechanism is associated with endothelial cell dysfunction and fibrinolytic activity.
Raw Milk Quality and Handling Practices by Pastoral Communities at Cattle Camps in Rejaf East, South Sudan
Authors: Aguer Elijah Majok Kiir , Rapheal Wangalwa , Jeninah Atwebembeire , Augustino Serafino Musa Abdelkarim
Published: February 2024

Food safety including imported food and produced food, is a major issue for South Sudan. An effective safety food control system for guiding and eliminating hazardous food from the market is lacking. Milk is one of the food products consumed in South Sudan; however, there is limited information regarding its handling and safety, especially among pastoral communities. Therefore, this study assessed raw milk quality and handling practices by pastoral communities at cattle camps in the Rejaf East, South Sudan. The study was conducted in three cattle camps (Highland, Kadoro, and Jebel Amianin) of the Rejaf East. Raw milk handling practices in the cattle camps were assessed using a questionnaire and observation checklist among 240 households selected randomly. The physicochemical and microbial parameters were assessed in 75 samples of raw milk using standard methods. The findings revealed that milking handling practices at cattle camps are characterized by hygienic and unhygienic practices. The pastoral communities had no access to a cooling system for milk storage. Additionally, 90.8% of the households in cattle camps consumed unboiled raw milk, and 10% of the households experienced milk rejection at the point of milk sale. The overall means of the physicochemical parameters of the milk samples were as follows: fat = 7.76 ± 1.47%, SNF = 7.68 ± 0.26%, density = 1.03 ± 0.00 g/ml, lactose = 4.21 ± 0.15%, protein = 2.81 ± 0.09%, freezing point = -0.51 ± 0.030C, and pH 6.60 ± 0.21. The results of the microbiological quality of the raw milk indicated that the highest TVC (5.81 ± 0.51 logCFU/ml) was recorded in Jebel Amianin; on the other hand, the highest TCC (4.64 ± 0.21 logCFU/ml) was recorded in Kadoro, and the highest TSC (2.53 ± 0.31 logCFU/ml) was recorded in Highland Boma. The study indicated that pastoralists in cattle camps do not observe hygienic practices, including drying hands after handwashing or washing with udder and teats before milking. Furthermore, the study showed that the microbiological quality of raw milk samples obtained from the Rejaf East has a high bacterial load; therefore, there is a need to improve hygiene practices in milk production.
MS1Former: A robust deep learning framework is used to identify nuances in LC-MS data for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xu Wei , Zhang Liying , Sun Nannan , Tu Xiao , Zhou Dengfeng , Qian Xiaoliang , Zheng Xiaoping , Chen Jia , Xie Zewen , He Tao , Qu Shugang , Wang Yinjia , Su Kunkai , Feng Shan , Ju Bin
Published: February 2024

Clinical proteomics analysis is of great significance for analyzing pathological mechanisms and discovering disease-related biomarkers. Using computational methods to accurately predict disease types can effectively improve patient disease diagnosis and prognosis. However, how to eliminate the errors introduced by peptide precursor identification and protein identification for pathological diagnosis remains a major unresolved issue. Here, we develop a powerful end-to-end deep learning model, termed “MS1Former”, that is able to classify hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors and adjacent non-tumor (normal) tissues directly using raw MS1 spectra without peptide precursor identification. Our model provides accurate discrimination of subtle m/z differences in MS1 between tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissue, as well as more general performance predictions for data-dependent acquisition (DDA), data-independent acquisition (DIA), and full-scan data. Our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple external validation datasets. Additionally, we perform a detailed exploration of the model’s interpretability. Prospectively, we expect that the advanced end-to-end framework will be more applicable to the classification of other tumors.
The Causal Role of Immune Cell Phenotypes in Colorectal Cancer: Mendelian Randomization (MR) Study
Authors: Yang kaiqi , Gong Rui , Ding Yuchen , Chen Jinlong , Sun Xiujing
Published: February 2024

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the third most prevalent cancer globally, with increasing cases and fatalities. The emergence of immunotherapies, particularly cancer vaccines, in preventing and treating CRC has led researchers to investigate the connection between the immune system and CRC. Diverse immunophenotypes have been identified to either promote or hinder the onset and progression of cancer and elucidating their precise impact on CRC can aid in creating immune-based preparations.
Methods
Using publicly available genetic data, this study employs an extensive two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate whether there is a causal relationship between 731 immune cell phenotypic traits and CRC. The study incorporates four types of immune signatures - median fluorescence intensity (MFI), relative cells (RC), absolute cells (AC), and morphological parameters (MP). To ensure accuracy, multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted to test for heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and robustness.
Results
29 exposure factors with a nominal causal relationship with colorectal cancer were screened. After correction by Bonferroni, two immune cell phenotypes still had a significant effect on CRC (P < 6.84E-5), including CD25 on activated CD4 regulatory T cell (IVW, P = 1.96E-05, OR = 0.714, 95%CI = 0.611 ~ 0.833) and CD3 on Terminally Differentiated CD8 + T cell (IVW, P = 2.76E-05, OR = 1.213, 95%CI = 1.108 ~ 1.328). None of the sensitivity analyses suggested significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropism, demonstrating that our results were robust.
Conclusions
Our study analyzes the causal effects of immunophenotyping on CRC, contributing to the development of CRC immunoprevention and treatment.
Machine Learning Approaches for Prediction of Fertility Determinants in Bangladesh: evidence from the BDHS 2017-18 data
Authors: Uddin Md Jamal , Kabir Ahmad , Naznin Shayla
Published: February 2024

Background
Fertility is a social indicator that represents the country’s growth and economic sustainability. The fertility rate of a country refers to number of average children born to a woman during her lifetime. It is an important demographic indicator that influences population dynamics, economic growth, social welfare, and public policy. This research leverages advanced machine learning methodologies to achieve more precise predictions of fertility and fertility determinants in Bangladesh.
Methods
The dataset utilized in this study was sourced from the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS) conducted in the year 2017–18. Python 3.0 programming language were used to implement and test the machine learning (ML) models such as Random Forests (RF), Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), XGBoost, LightGBM and Neural Network (NN). We have used Boruta algorithm of Feature selection with R programming language packages. Conventional methods were analyzed using SPSS Version 25 and R programming language. The predictive models performance was evaluated and compared with the metrics such as macro average and weighted average of the Confusion Matrix, Accuracy, F1 Score, Precision, Recall, Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (AUROC) and K-fold cross-validation.
Results
We preferred with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model of fertility in Bangladesh with macro average recall (93%), precision (89%), F1 score (90%) in addition with weighted average recall (97%), precision (96%), F1 score (96%) K-fold accuracy (95.9%). Our predictive models showed that Access to mass media, Husband/partner's education level, Highest educational level, Number of household members, Body Mass Index of mother, Number of living children and Son or daughter died stand out as the key determinants influencing fertility in Bangladesh.
Conclusions
In the realm of constructing advanced predictive models, Machine Learning methods surpass conventional statistical approaches in classifying concealed information. In our Study the Support Vector Machine (SVM) emerged as the top-performing model for fertility prediction in Bangladesh.
Reduced-dose deep learning iterative reconstruction for abdominal computed tomography with low tube-voltage and tube-current
Authors: Zhu Shumeng , Zhang Baoping , Tian Qian , Li Ao , Liu Zhe , Hou Wei , Zhao Wenzhe , Huang Xin , Xiao Yao , Wang Yiming , Wang Rui , Li Yuhang , Yang Jian , Jin Chao
Published: February 2024

Background: Low tube-voltage technique (e.g., 80 kV) could efficiently reduce the radiation dose and increase the contrast enhancement of vascular and parenchymal structures in abdominal CT. However, a high tube current is always required in this setting and limits the dose reduction potential. By using a deep learning iterative reconstruction algorithm (Deep IR), this paper aims to investigate the feasibility of a Deep IR in reducing radiation dose while improving the image quality for abdominal computed tomography (CT) with low tube-voltage and tube-current.
Methods: Sixty patients (Male/female, 36/24; Age, 57.72±10.19 years) undergoing the abdominal portal venous phase CT were randomly divided into groups A (100 kV, automatic exposure control [AEC] with reference tube-current of 213 mAs) and B (80 kV, AEC with reference of 130 mAs). Images were reconstructed by hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) and Deep IR (levels 1-5). The mean CT and standard deviation (SD) values of four regions of interest (ROI), i.e. liver, spleen, main portal vein and erector spinae at the porta hepatis level in each image serial were measured, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated. The image quality was subjectively scored by two radiologists using a 5-point criterion.
Results: A significant reduction of radiation dose by 69.94% (5.09±0.9 mSv vs. 1.53±0.37 mSv) were detected in group B when compared to group A. With regard to Deep IR algorithm at various levels, there was no significant change in CT value, but SD gradually increased. Group B had higher CT values than group A, and the portal vein CT values significantly differed between groups (P<0.003). The SNR and CNR in group B with Deep IR at levels 1-5 were higher than those in group A and significantly differed when HIR and Deep IR were applied at levels 1-3 of HIR and Deep IR (P<0.003). The subjective scores (distortion, clarity of the portal vein, visibility of small structures and overall image quality) with Deep IR at levels 4-5 in group B were significantly higher than those in group A with HIR (P<0.003).
Conclusion: Deep IR algorithm can reduce radiation dose and improve the image quality of parenchymal organs and portal vein clarity in portal venous phase abdominal CT with low tube-voltage and tube-current.
Mapping of a novel locus Ra conferring extreme resistance against potato virus A in cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Huang Wei , Zheng Jie , Nie Bihua , Li Jiana , Chen Ruhao , Nie Xianzhou , Tu Zhen , Gardner Kyle , Chen Jiaru , Yang Manhua , Li Jingcai , Dong Jianke , Ma Hui , Song Botao
Published: February 2024

Potato virus A (PVA) is one of the major viruses affecting potato worldwide, and can cause serious disease symptoms and yield losses. Previously, we determined that potato cultivar Barbara harbors Rysto (genotye: Ryryryry) and Ra (genotype: Rararara) that each independently confers extreme resistance (ER) to PVA. In this study, employing a combination of next-generation sequencing and bulked-segregant analysis, we further located this novel Ra on chromosome 4 using a tetraploid BC1 potato population derived from a Ry-free progeny (Rararararyryryry) of Barbara (RarararaRyryryry) × F58050 (rararararyryryry). Using 39 insertion-deletion (InDel) spanning chromosome 4, Ra was delimited by the Indel markers M8-83 and M10-8 within a genetic interval of 1.47 cM, corresponding to a 1.33 Mb genomic region in the potato DM reference genome. The InDel marker M10-8, which displayed 99.3% agreement with the phenotypic results in the Ry-free segregating populations, was then used to screen 43 tetraploid potato cultivars and breeding clones. An overall correlation of 76.6% between the marker and phenotype was observed. These findings obtained above are of importance in furthering the cloning of Ra and employing the marker-assisted selection for PVA resistance.
Evaluation of a reporting and supporting tool in interventional trials - the KarmApp
Authors: Tapia José , Gabrielson Marike , Hammarström Mattias , Wengström Yvonne , Bergqvist Jenny , Tuuliainen Aki , Eriksson Mikael , Czene Kamila , Hall Per , Bäcklund Magnus
Published: February 2024

Background In an increasingly digitalized world, telemedicine and mobile health tools have emerged as powerful resources in clinical trials and in managing chronic diseases. We have developed KarmApp, a smartphone application, to optimize data quality, safety and user-friendliness in our breast cancer prevention trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and the usage of the KarmApp over time.Methods The KarmApp functions include adverse event reporting, personalized study activity overviews, study questionnaires, and direct communication with study staff. Users are healthy women aged 40 to 74 participating in our randomized interventional trials evaluating risk-reducing medications at different doses and formulations. Development and deployment have followed a systematic, iterative approach, from requirements specification to post-release monitoring. We have calculated the usage frequencies of the various KarmApp features and performed statistical analysis across age groups and respective trials using SAS version 9.4 and R version 4.2.1.Results Of the participants in the randomized clinical trials KARISMA 2 (N = 1,440) and KARMA Creme (N = 90), 1406 (91.9%) used the KarmApp, across all age groups. There were 14,212 user interactions with the KarmApp, with the “Study Activities Overview” being the most frequently used. A total of 2,081 spontaneous adverse event reports collected in the trials. The majority, 1,535 (73.8%), were reported through KarmApp, less via the other reporting channels.Conclusions KarmApp exemplifies the potential for transformative impacts in healthcare and clinical research, which is supported by our data showing trends towards an increased use of the app over time. Our experiences of KarmApp reflects the growing acceptance of mobile technology across age groups, presenting opportunities for further integration in clinical trials.
Infusion of 14 days Blinatumomab in Combination with Chemotherapy for 46-day MRD+ Pediatric B-ALL Patients in Intermediate/High-Risk Group Results in MRD Conversion and BiTE Induced Immune Response to Malignant Cells
Authors: Xue Changwen , Wu Chao , Yang Wenyu , Zou Yao , Guo Ye , Chen Yumei , Chen Xiaojuan , Ma Yueshen , wan Yang , Zhu Xiaofan , Zhang Li
Published: February 2024

The conventional intensity of chemotherapy has reached its limit. Despite the efficacy of blinatumomab in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) adults with measurable residual disease (MRD) has been proved, studies in children with MRD positivity (MRD+) are still lacking. We conducted an exploratory trial of 14 days of blinatumomab monotherapy in combination with a B-ALL chemotherapy protocol in pediatric patients with MRD+ at the day 46 and evaluated the early efficacy and safety of this approach (Blin-14d-therapy, ChiCTR2100053318, registered on 11/18/2021). Totally 9 pediatric patients were included in Blin-14d group and 38 in non-Blin-14d group. After monotherapy with blinatumomab, all evaluable patients became MRD negative in Blin-14d group and achieved MRD conversion earlier than conventional chemotherapy group, predicting better treatment outcomes. Compared to previous investigations, the incidence of AEs was lower and MRD clearance was higher in this study. In conventional blinatumomab studies, a single course was administered for 28 days. T-cell counts continued to trend upward from day 14 to 21, whereas a downward trend was observed from day 21 to 28, suggesting that T-cell exhaustion occured. While in our regimen, blinatumomab was administered for 14 days, and T-cell levels still had an upward trend in the first week after the end of the infusion, suggesting that T-cell exhaustion at this time was not significant and anti-tumor effect prolonged. Initial data from this study demonstrate that Blin-14d-therapy with chemotherapy has encouraging clinical activity and a manageable safety profile in pediatric patients with day46 MRD+ B-ALL in IR/HR groups.
Impact of Riparian Buffer Strips on Aquatic Phosphorus Concentrations: Insights into Effective Land Management Strategies
Authors: Shahbazi Maneli , Mozaffari Afshin , Voroney Paul , Bazrgar Amir , Thevathasan Naresh
Published: February 2024

This study examined the effects of riparian buffers on the concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in water and available phosphorus in sediment samples collected along Washington Creek, a moderately degraded stream typical of agricultural landscapes (AG) in Southern Ontario. This research was performed along the entire length of the creek (9250 m). Four different land uses were identified in the study area: natural forest (NF), rehabilitated forest (RH), grassland (GR), and agricultural field (AG). Although the concentrations of SRP in water samples were much lower (i.e., < 0.001 ppm) than the federal-provincial water quality objectives for streams (i.e., 0.03 ppm), the concentrations of SRP in the water samples collected from plots adjacent to the AG without riparian buffers were significantly higher than those from areas covered with vegetated buffers. The concentrations of available P in the sediments collected from the plots influenced by AG were significantly higher than those with riparian buffers, which was up to 5.2 mg P kg− 1 sediment. This study showed the accumulation of available P in the sediments was correlated with SRP concentrations in Washington Creek. These findings suggest that the implementation of riparian buffer strips can effectively mitigate the influx of phosphorus into aquatic systems, thereby reducing the risk of eutrophication and maintaining water quality within acceptable limits.
Genome sequencing of captive white tigers from Bangladesh
Authors: Das Ashutosh , Suvo Md Shahadat Hossain , Shaha Mishuk , Gupta Mukta Das
Published: February 2024

Objectives:
The Bengal tiger Panthera tigris tigris, is an emblematic animal for Bangladesh. Despite being the apex predator in the wild, their number is decreasing due to anthropogenic activities such as hunting, urbanization, expansion of agriculture and deforestation. By contrast, captive tigers are flourishing due to practical conservation efforts. Breeding within the small captive population can produce inbreeding depression and genetic bottlenecks, which may limit the success of conservation efforts. Despite past decades of research, a comprehensive database on genetic variation in the captive and wild Bengal tigers in Bangladesh still needs to be included. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the White Bengal tiger genome to create a resource for future studies to understand variation underlying important functional traits.
Data description:
Blood samples from Chattogram Zoo were collected for three white Bengal tigers. Genomic DNA for all collected samples were extracted using a commercial DNA extraction kit. Whole genome sequencing was performed using a DNBseq platform. We generated 77 Gb of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data for three white Bengal tigers (Average 11X coverage/sample). The data we generated will establish a paradigm for tiger research in Bangladesh by providing a genomic resource for future functional studies on the Bengal white tiger.
Differential Item Functioning and Response Shift may reveal hidden differences between groups and over time in anxiety and depression in patients with early-stage melanoma or breast cancer: interpretation and impact using the RespOnse Shift ALgorithm at the Item level (ROSALI)
Authors: Dubuy Yseulys , Blanchin Myriam , Perrot Bastien , Bourdon Marianne , Sébille Véronique
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Anxiety and depression are common psychiatric comorbidities in cancer patients that may vary depending on cancer type. Differential item functioning (DIF) and response shift (RS) may impact self-reported outcomes when patients don’t interpret items about their experience in the same way between groups and over time, respectively.
Objectives: detect/interpret DIF/RS in self-reports measuring anxiety/depression in breast cancer patients (BC-p) and melanoma patients (M-p). Provide estimates of change in anxiety/depression in BC and melanoma, considering DIF/RS, if appropriate.
Methods
Anxiety and depression were assessed in BC-p (n=337) and M-p (n=110) using the Hospital-Anxiety-and-Depression-Scale (HADS) at 1- (T1) and 6-month (T2) post-diagnosis. DIF/RS analyses were performed using Rasch models.
Results
DIF and RS were identified in the anxiety (DIF/RS) and depression (RS) subscales of the HADS. DIF/RS had a moderate (anxiety) or significant impact (depression) on the results, providing different conclusions depending on whether or not they were considered. Considering DIF/RS, BC-p were more anxious than M-p (T1). Anxiety decreased for BC-p and became similar as M-p (T2) whose anxiety remained stable. Changes in depression differed between BC-p and M-p, remaining stable in BC-p while increasing in M-p who were more depressed than BC-p (T2).
Conclusion
DIF and RS were found in self-reports of anxiety/depression in melanoma and BC patients, possibly revealing psychological distress but also adaptation to cancer. DIF/RS can lead to possibly erroneous conclusions, if ignored, but are also meaningful/important to consider to better understand patients’ experiences. They are still too often ignored which can lead to suboptimal healthcare-decision-making.
Trial registration number: NCT.gov: NCT02893774, registration date: 2014. Of note, this was a prospective study which was retrospectively registered.
Comprehensive Epidemiological Assessment of Trauma Incidents: A Study of 16,585 Patients at a Level I Trauma Center in Lanzhou City, Northwestern China
Authors: Su Zhaoyin , Wei Hui , Liu Yao , Liu Yatao , Wang Weining , Wang Weitao , Li Chao , Li Sha , Michael Nerich , Lyu Yuan
Published: February 2024

Objective
Analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of trauma patients admitted to a Level I Trauma Center in Lanzhou City, Northwestern China, to provide theoretical references for improving the quality of trauma care.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 16,585 trauma patients treated at the First Hospital of Lanzhou University's trauma center from November 1, 2021, to October 31, 2023, was conducted. Data including age, gender, time of trauma, cause of trauma, and major injured body parts were statistically analyzed.
Results
During the period from November 1, 2021, to October 31, 2023, a total of 18,235 patients were admitted, with complete data for 16,585 cases. Of these, 9,793 were male and 6,792 were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.44:1. The peak times for trauma occurrence were 10–12 AM and 6–10 PM, and the peak months were from May to October. The leading causes of trauma were Falls (45.32%), Other trauma (15.88%), Road Traffic Accidents (15.15%), Violence (10.82%), Cutting/stabbing (9.41%), Mechanical injuries (2.65%), Winter sports injuries (0.36%), Animal bites (0.22%), Burns (0.09%), and Electrical injuries (0.02%). The distribution of major injured body parts showed statistical significance, with limbs/skin being the most affected, followed by the head/neck, chest/abdomen, and back.
Conclusions
Trauma is more common in middle-aged and young individuals, with a higher incidence in males than females. Falls is the leading cause of trauma. Medical institutions and government agencies can implement corresponding preventive measures and policies based on the characteristics of trauma to enhance the quality and level of trauma care.
The ReInvigorate Study - Phrenic Nerve-to-Diaphragm Stimulation for Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation: A Protocol for a Randomized Pivotal Clinical Trial
Authors: Schaaf Katie , Mullin Christopher M. , Cunningham Kyle W. , Eaton Jonathan , Conrad Steven A.
Published: February 2024

Background In the United States in 2017, there were an estimated 903,745 hospitalizations involving mechanical ventilation (MV). Complications from ventilation can result in longer hospital stays, increased risk of disability and increased healthcare costs. It has been hypothesized that electrically pacing the diaphragm by phrenic nerve stimulation during mechanical ventilation may minimize or reverse diaphragm dysfunction, resulting in faster weaning.
Methods The ReInvigorate Trial is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of Stimdia’s pdSTIM System for facilitating weaning from MV. The pdSTIM system employs percutaneously placed multipolar electrodes to stimulate the cervical phrenic nerves and activate contraction of the diaphragm bilaterally. Patients who were on mechanical ventilation for at least 96 hours and who failed at least one weaning attempt were considered for enrollment in the study. The primary efficacy endpoint was the time to successful liberation from mechanical ventilation (treatment vs. control). Secondary endpoints will include maximal inspiratory pressure, the rapid shallow breathing index, and other physiological and system characteristics. Safety will be summarized for both primary and additional analyses. All endpoints will be evaluated at 30 days or at the time of removal of mechanical ventilation, whichever is first.
Discussion This pivotal study is being conducted under an investigational device exception with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The technology being studied could provide a first-of-kind therapy for difficult-to-wean patients on mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit setting.
Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05998018, registered August 2023.
Machine Learning-Based ECG Signal Classification for Enhanced Early Detection of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Mohammed Haitham S. , H.Hanafy A. , abdo Abd El-Rahman M. A. , Alazoul Abdelaziz H. , Rashid Mohamed E. , El-Naggar Rabab
Published: February 2024

Cardiotoxicity, which leads to irreversible myocardial damage, is a major adverse effect associated with chemotherapy. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is an inexpensive, rapid, and simple tool that may provide valuable diagnostic information pertinent to cardiotoxicity. An automatic interpretation and classification of the ECG signals by machine learning algorithms is considered superior to human interpretation of the ECG which may not be able to early detect subtle alterations in the ECG and vary according to the experience of the specialist. The present work aimed at using different machine learning algorithms to classify ECG signals recorded from doxorubicin-injected rats. Rats were divided into four groups and each group was intraperitoneally injected with different cumulative doses of doxorubicin (0, 6, 12, and 18 mg/kg). ECG signal classification depended on multiple features that were extracted from the recorded signals under different conditions. K nearest neighbors’ algorithm achieved higher classification accuracy (99.83 %) than random forest (99.56 %), decision tree (99.54 %), artificial neural network (99.50 %), and support vector machine (99.38 %). Furthermore, the dose-dependent cardiotoxicity was validated via a histopathological examination of the left ventricle that indicated significant pathological alterations in the cardiac tissue. The present findings emphasized the potential of the machine learning-based enhanced detection of cardiotoxicity and validated the dose-dependent toxicity of doxorubicin in the cardiac left ventricle. This approach might be applicable clinically to avoid cardiotoxicity in chemotherapy-treated patients.