bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the Non-Covalent Binding of a Pyrene-Derived Linker for DNA Immobilization on Graphene Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Sauvage Madline , Bencherif Amira , Allard Charlotte , Martel Richard , Bouilly Delphine
Published: September 2023

Graphene field-effect transistors (G-FETs) constitute an emerging platform for biosensing applications. Most genomic applications with G-FETs use single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as probes in order to capture a specific target DNA sequence and to detect the corresponding change in the electrical response of the sensor1. Controlling the distribution of DNA probes on the graphene surface is crucial to the sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility of the sensors1. The most popular immobilization approach uses a non-covalent linker molecule named 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester (PBASE)1. This bifunctional molecule binds to the graphene surface through non-covalent π-π interactions via its aromatic pyrene group, and on the other end, its succinimidyl ester group can form a covalent bond with amine groups added to the terminal end of ssDNA probes. However, the adsorption process of PBASE molecules is not well controlled, which represents a limitation in the optimization of G-FET biosensors.

Here, we present an investigation of the kinetics of the non-covalent adsorption of PBASE on graphene, in order to control the density of ssDNA probes for biosensing applications with G-FETs. We fabricated G-FET sensor arrays using CVD-grown graphene and photolithography techniques, as described previously2. First, we investigated the effect of incubation time on PBASE coverage on graphene, using electrical curves as well as Raman hyperspectral imaging (RIMA). We report a significative and reproducible electrical signature for the PBASE compared to the control without PBASE. We find that this electrical signature appears and saturates quickly compared to the timescales usually reported in the literature. Corroborating results were obtained with RIMA spectroscopy, showing a rapid response of the graphene modes following PBASE incubation. Next, we studied the effect of PBASE accumulation on the assembly of ssDNA probes. We will discuss the combined effect of PBASE accumulation and screening effects in saline buffer on the electrical signature of ssDNA probes. Our results will enable a better control on the non-covalent functionalization of graphene with PBASE for the assembly of various biomolecular probes for biosensing applications.

1. Béraud A, Sauvage M, Bazan CM, Tie M, Bencherif A, Bouilly D. Graphene field-effect transistors as bioanalytical sensors: design, operation and performance. Analyst. 2021;(146):403-428.

2.Bazan CM, Béraud A, Nguyen M, Bencherif A, Martel R and Bouilly D. Dynamic Gate controlled of Aryldiazonium chemistry on Graphene field-effect transistors. Nano Lett. 2022;22(7):2635-2642.
3D Graphene Foams: Synthesis, Properties, and Electrochemical Potential
Authors: Rojas Michea Carolina Valeria , Santacruz Neida , Mendoza Frank , Morell Gerardo , Weiner Brad R , Guadalupe Ana R.
Published: September 2023

In this report, we present the 3D graphene foams developed by chemical vapour deposition technique, acetone as a carbon source, and Ni as scaffolds. Graphene is a 2D material with diverse applications. However, there are essential applications in gas and liquid media that can benefit from the unique properties of graphene but require a 3D structure able to interact thoroughly with the medium. We studied how the structural properties of the 3D graphene foams depend on the growth parameters, such as temperature, precursor concentration, and Ni foams thickness. This material will be used as an electrode in sensing some enzymes or other biological molecules

The systematic and reproducible fabrication of 3D graphene would enable further applications for research and industrial processes, such as catalysis and environmental remediation. The detailed analysis will be discussed during the meeting presentation.
(Invited) Demonstration of ATPS Phase Separation, B-Field Concentration and Manipulation of Sars-Cov-2 Viral Particles
Authors: Ignatova Tetyana , Rotkin Slava V.
Published: September 2023

A technology, based on fluorescence sensing in a liquid sample and capable for an early detection of a pathogen at extremely low concentration, is very desirable though equally challenging to develop. In optical sensors, a typical fluorescent signal would be too weak to measure without special tools, unless the detected analyte, tagged with a fluorescent label, can be separated and concentrated.

In this work a new combined technology[1] will be presented. An assembly of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) functionalized with a fluorescent tag with the S-proteins at the surface of inactivated coronavirus is achieved. In order to separate a bound fluorescent tag (signal) and free tag molecules (background), we simultaneously attach to the virus surface ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (mNP) functionalized with the mAb (without fluorescent tag). Since the surface of the SARS-CoV2 virus has a large number of binding sites, a "sandwich" assembly of mNP-mAb:virus:mAb-FL happens. At the same time, non-specific binding of the fluorescent tag to mNPs is excluded. As a result, the fluorescent tag bound to the analyte can be manipulated by magnetic force and moved with respect to (unused) free tag molecules.

Fig.1 shows the fluorescence signal of the mNP-mAb:virus:mAb-FL sandwich assemblies, that were first concentrated by an aqueous two-phase system separation (ATPS)[2] – carefully designed mix of PEG/dextran solutions. Upon dividing the ATPS into PEG bulk phase and dextran bubbles, the viral assemblies (and free non-bound tag) were separated into the PEG phase. Applying vertical magnetic field as shown in the figure resulted in additional significant concentration of the assemblies against the wall of a dextran bubble. Thus, we achieved a clear separation of the virus (as detected by direct fluorescence signal) with respect to the free tag molecules (background) residing in the bulk solution.

[1] Vyacheslav V. Rotkin, Ming Zheng, Tetyana Ignatova, Daniel Hayes, Suresh Kuchipudi; Methods and systems for early detection of viral diseases. https://patents.google.com/patent/US20210364517A1

[2] Albertsson, P. A., Partition of Cell Particles and Macromolecules. first ed.; Wiley: New York, 1986.

Acknowledgement: This work has been supported by NSF (CHE-2032582 and CHE-2032601).

Figure 1
Near-Infrared Detection of Pathogens Using Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Metternich Justus , Sistemich Linda , Herbertz Svenja , Kruss Sebastian
Published: September 2023

Viral and microbiological infections are a major cause of death that burdens the infrastructure of health systems. To contain the spread of pathogens and assess available treatment options, a number of diagnostic methods have been developed. However, the development of diagnostic tests is typically time consuming and, in the light of current pandemics, the need for adaptable concepts has become more apparent.

For sensor applications that require a minimally invasive read out, optical systems offer a rapid detection of biomolecules with a high spatial and temporal resolution. Due to the reduced autofluorescence, absorption and scattering, the near-infrared (NIR, 870 – 2400 nm) tissue transparency window offers an improved signal-to-noise ratio. Biosensors that fluoresce in this region are therefore highly desirable for biological applications and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have emerged as versatile NIR fluorescent building blocks in this context. Here, we report a biofunctionalization strategy for single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) based (bio-)sensors that uses a generic signal transduction mechanism for different recognition elements. It allows the detection of viral compounds in subnanomolar concentrations, which can be used to fingerprint them at 1020 nm in the near infrared. In summary, we present a concept that allows rapid exchange of recognition units and a straightforward method to detect pathogens.
Explorations of Fluorescence Modulation of DNA Functionalized Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Catechol-Bearing Compounds
Authors: Krasley Andrew T. , Bulumulla Chandima , Beyene Abraham G.
Published: September 2023

This work describes explorations into analyte-mediated modulation of the fluorescence of single-stranded DNA functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). SWCNTs have several photophysical properties that make them attractive for imaging in biology. They fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum (900 – 1300 nm), which is suitable for imaging in thick biological specimens because of reduced scattering of NIR photons and minimal tissue autofluorescence. SWCNTs exhibit superior photostability and can be considered to be non-photobleaching on time scales of interest to biological imaging. In addition to these advantageous photophysical properties, SWCNT fluorescence can be selectively sensitized to local chemical environments, which has served as a basis for the synthesis and application of SWCNT-based optical biosensors for a variety of biologically relevant compounds including dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and oxytocin, among others. However, the mechanistic basis for fluorescence modulation of functionalized nanotubes by various classes of analytes remains incompletely understood. One class of optical biosensors that have been particularly successful in biological research includes (GT)N oligonucleotide functionalized SWCNTs that exhibit exquisite turn-on response to compounds that contain catechol-like motifs. In this work, we offer new insights into the mechanism of molecular recognition and fluorescence modulation of this sensor class by catechol-like compounds. We first carried out a fragment-based structure activity relationship study to establish how the structural and electronic properties of these compounds correlated with their ability to modulate SWCNT-fluorescence. This helped us establish a spectrum of substrate functionalities that are detectable by this sensor class. Intriguingly however, our experiments revealed that solution phase fluorescence turn-on events are critically influenced by factors that are not intrinsic to the analytes, including solution pH. We will present the pH dependence of fluorescence turn-on events and establish structural and electronic correlates for these dependencies. As a results of these explorations, we have been able to achieve an improved understanding of sensor dynamics and sensing mechanism. We expect that the insights gleaned from this work will contribute to the body of knowledge that underpins SWCNT-based optical sensors.
Methylcellulose-Encapsulated Carbon Nanotubes as Biosensing Implants
Authors: Cohen Zachary , Alpert David , Weisel Adam C , Gaikwad Pooja Vinod , Nicoll Steven B , Williams Ryan M.
Published: September 2023

While single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have shown functionality in vivo for monitoring drugs and cancer biomarkers via their near-infrared fluorescence in the tissue transparent window, there is not yet a widely-used non-invasive method for implanting such devices. We developed an injectable methylcellulose (MC)-based polymer system, with demonstrated biocompatibility and in-situ gelling, for encapsulating SWCNTs. Oligonucleotide-wrapped SWCNTs were added to methacrylated MC polymer solutions, which were then crosslinked by free radical polymerization using redox initiators. Encapsulation in MC gels did not adversely impact SWCNT fluorescence for at least 149 days in vitro. The resulting nanocomposite gels were then exposed to varying concentrations of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model globular protein analyte, which caused SWCNT fluorescence to red-shift in a quantitative, concentration-dependent fashion from 0.1 to 150 µM. Separately, SWCNT response to the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin was also evaluated. This interaction quenched the fluorescence of MC-encapsulated SWCNTs with similar concentration dependence above 200 nM as has previously been found for in vivo implantable devices. We anticipate that this MC system will be a valuable tool for minimally-invasive delivery of SWCNT-based sensors for future in vivo experiments and potentially for use in the clinic.
Single Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) Detection of Interleukin 1 β (IL-1β)
Authors: Israel Atara R , Gaikwad Pooja Vinod , Thahsin Myesha , Williams Ryan M.
Published: September 2023

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are known for their fluorescent properties in the near-infrared region, as well as their photostability and emission within the “biological transparency window”. This makes them useful as nanosensors for in vivo signal detection. The stability of SWCNTs also allows for repeated, long-term measurements. Implantation of these sensors in vivo allow for detection of biomarkers of specific diseases. Interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in pleiotropic cellular processes. IL-1β is commonly found at elevated levels in cancerous tissues and other chronic diseases. We are working to design an IL-1β nanosensor by evaluation of optical band gap changes in the presence of the desired antigen. This is accomplished by conjugating an antibody of interest to the SWCNT wrapped with TAT6-NH2 DNA oligonucleotide and passivating the surface of the SWCNT with bovine serum albumin (BSA). This causes the SWCNT’s hydrophobic surface to be less available for non-specific protein interference, creating a more functional sensor. We observed significant changes in the sensor’s center wavelength and change in fluorescence intensity in the antigen’s presence, serving as an indication of the functionality of the nanosensor. We are also working on studying the capability of fluorescent dyes to exacerbate the wavelength shift seen in SWCNTs. This is accomplished by conjugating the dye to a nanosensor and introducing its complimentary antigen that will remove the dye from the SWCNT surface, intensifying its shift in wavelength. The overall goal of developing this type of nanosensor is to use it in point-of-care scenarios to measure biomarker levels in patient samples or in vivo, allowing for detection of chronic diseases that may be difficult to diagnose early on.
(Best Poster Related to Industrial/Applied Science) A Carbon Nanotube Sensor Array for Monitoring Cytokine Release Syndrome
Authors: Keblish Erin Elizabeth , Kim Mijin , Goerzen Dana , Gwynne Declan , Zheng Emma , Heller Daniel A.
Published: September 2023

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a condition characterized by an overly aggressive immune response to infection or immunotherapies that can be fatal if left untreated. During CRS white blood cells release interleukin 6 along with other inflammatory cytokines that amplify the body’s inflammatory response. Treatments for CRS often involve the administration of monoclonal antibodies that either bind to IL6 receptors (i.e. Tocilizumab) or to IL6 itself (i.e. Siltuximab), therefore minimizing its signaling effects. While effective at reducing the harmful outcomes of excess IL6, these treatments interfere with immunoassay monitoring of serum IL6 concentrations, making treatment evaluation difficult. To address this clinical need, we developed a sensor array of chemically modified carbon nanotubes wrapped in DNA (OCC-DNAs) that can monitor serum IL6 levels, regardless of administered treatment. The OCC-DNAs with the best sensitivity and specificity for IL6 were evaluated in serum samples from CRS patients with sepsis.
(Digital Presentation) The Effect of Oxidation Stress on the 2D Graphene Nanosheets and the Cellular Response
Authors: Umadevi Kovuri , Sundeep Dola , K Varadharaj Eswaramoorthy , Nagarjunachary Rajarikam , Chebiyyam Chandrasekhara Sastry , Jhansi Ragala
Published: September 2023

Two-dimensional 2D carbon materials especially graphene has gained a significant potential in biomedical and pathological research over a decade. Graphene or Graphene Oxide (GO) is a new material to the field of clinical nanomedicine which is necessary to correlate the physiochemical properties with the existing nanomaterials. The present study is intended to determine the physiochemical properties of graphene leading to potential molecular or cellular injury. Initially we correlated the cellular responses to the lateral dimensions of GO. For this purpose, nano graphene oxide was synthesized by hummer’s method and obtained fine Nano-GO flakes of 200nm size. The crystalline dimensions, micro strain and dislocation densities of the Nano-GOs were analyzed by using the Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to determine the shape of the as-synthesized Nano-GOs. The cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were evaluated by using the cultured human lung epithelium cells (BEAS-2B). GO nanoflakes were exposed to the cultured cells in a dosage pattern of 1, 10, and 100µg/ml. The interactions of GO nanoflakes with the cultured cells were studied using the analytical techniques confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). It is found that GO nanoflakes interacted with the plasma membrane and internalized via clathrin and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. From the obtained results we summarize that mechanism of interaction of GO nanoflakes with non-phagocytic cell lines over time that can be exploited for the design of biomedically-applicable 2D transport systems.

Keywords: 2D Materials, Graphene, Hummers Method, BEAS-2B, Cytotoxicity and Oxidation Stress.
Ureter Injury in Laparoscopic Para-Aortic Lymphadenectomy for Endometrial Cancer by the Transperitoneal Approach
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroharu , Kobayashi Misa , Takaki Yoshihiro , Kondo Yuki , Hamada Yuri , Shimizu Haruhiko , Shimizu Yumi , Nagashima Masaru , Adachi Hiroshi
Published: September 2023

The patient was 66 years old, had three pregnancies and two deliveries, and was menopausal at the age of 51. She had irregular bleeding and was found to have a chicken-egg-sized uterus and a thickened endometrium (23 mm). She underwent laparoscopic surgery for uterine endometrial cancer (endometrioid carcinoma G1, stage IB). Laparoscopic simple hysterectomy, bilateral adnexectomy, pelvic lymph node dissection, para-aortic lymph node dissection, and partial omentectomy were performed using the transperitoneal approach (TPA). The patient was obese, with a height of 148 cm, a weight of 68 kg, and a body mass index of 31 kg/m2. She had a large amount of visceral fat, which made it difficult to expand the surgical field during para-aortic lymph node dissection. A laparoscopic fan retractor (EndoRetract II, Medtronic) was used to lift the intestinal tracts and expand the field of view. It broke the fat around the left kidney, and the exposed left ureter was heat-damaged using a vessel sealing device (LigaSure, Medtronic). Postoperatively, a left ureteral stent was placed, and continuous urine draining into the retroperitoneum was performed. To prevent injury to the left ureter, the left ovarian vein branching from the left renal vein should be exposed as a landmark before the left ureter running parallel to it is isolated. It is essential that the fat around the left kidney is not broken during this operation. The left iliopsoas muscle should be exposed, and using this as a base, the left ovarian vein, left ureter, and left perirenal fat should be compressed and moved to the left side using a fan retractor to ensure a safe operation.
Enhancing Peak Shaving through Nonlinear Incentive-Based Demand Response: A Consumer-Centric Utility Optimization Approach
Authors: Eslaminia Nasim , Mashhadi Habib Rajabi
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a comparative study on the implementation of incentive-based demand response programs in power grid management, comparing the results obtained from linear and nonlinear models. The challenges faced by power grids in balancing supply and demand and managing price spikes during peak periods are addressed, and demand response programs are proposed as an effective strategy. The focus is on implementing incentive-based programs where load serving entities determine the optimal incentive price and demand reduction. A novel approach is presented for simulating consumer behavior based on the price elasticity of demand and consumers’ utility function, incorporating both linear and nonlinear economic models. The calculation of demand reduction aims to maximize consumers’ welfare, while the determination of the optimal incentive price maximizes the profit of the load serving entities. Real data are utilized, and the proposed models are implemented using the mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) method. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of providing incentives to consumers during peak hours compared to other approaches, with a comparison between the linear and nonlinear models.
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Rainfall Variability and Trends for Improved Climate Risk Management in Kayonza District, Eastern Rwanda
Authors: Sebaziga Joseph Ndakize , Twahirwa Anthony , Kazora Jonah , Rusanganwa Frank , Mbati Mathieu Mugunga , Higiro Steven , Guhirwa Sandrine , Nyandwi Jean Claude , Niyitegeka Jean Marry Vienney
Published: September 2023

The variability, intensity, and distribution of rainfall have drawn a lot of interest globally and especially in nations where rainfed agriculture is the norm. This article uses rainfall data from the Rwanda Meteorology Agency for the years 1981 to 2021 to delineate and analyze rainfall variability and trends in the Kayonza District. The time series were grouped using the K-means clustering technique based on computed Euclidean distance, the total within-cluster sum of squares, and the elbow plot technique to determine the optimal number of clusters. The coefficient of variation measures was employed to analyze rainfall variability, while Sen’s slope and the Mann–Kendall (MK) test were used, respectively, to find trends and changes in magnitude. The results indicated four near homogeneous zones named region one to four. The dry seasons indicated higher variability compared to rainy seasons and annual rainfall total with a variability of 128–142% over the southeastern part during June to August (JJA) season, while a variability of 16–48% was observed over most of the district during both annual and rainy seasons. It was further noted that the areas in the central part of the Kayonza District indicated a significant increasing trend at a significance level of 95% and above during January to February (JF), September to December (SOND), and on annual basis, while March to May (MAM) and JJA season exhibited no significant trend. The findings of this study are essential for creating adequate mitigation strategies to lessen climate change’s effects on agriculture as well as other socioeconomic sectors.
Supplemental Figure 4 from AKR1C3 Converts Castrate and Post-Abiraterone DHEA-S into Testosterone to Stimulate Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells via 5-Androstene-3β,17β-Diol
Authors: Detlefsen Andrea J. , Mesaros Clementina A. , Duan Ling , Penning Trevor M.
Published: September 2023

Supplemental Figure 4 shows DHEA-S stimulated cell growth in AKR1C3 KD cell lines.
FIGURE 6 from AKR1C3 Converts Castrate and Post-Abiraterone DHEA-S into Testosterone to Stimulate Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells via 5-Androstene-3β,17β-Diol
Authors: Detlefsen Andrea J. , Mesaros Clementina A. , Duan Ling , Penning Trevor M.
Published: September 2023

DHEA-S to T metabolic pathway analysis by SID-LC-MS/MS. Percentage of total of each androgen measured from 5 µmol/L DHEA-S treatment at each timepoint in CWR22PC WT cells (A), percentage of total of each androgen measured downstream of DHEA from 5 µmol/L DHEA-S treatment at each timepoint in CWR22PC WT cells (B), percentage of total DHT measured in CWR22PC WT cells from 5 µmol/L DHEA-S treatment (C), percentage of total of each androgen measured from 5 µmol/L DHEA-S treatment at each timepoint in DuCaP WT cells (D), percentage of total of each androgen measured downstream of DHEA from 5 µmol/L DHEA-S treatment at each timepoint in DuCaP WT cells (E). P values indicated where ***, P < 0.0001 and **, P < 0.001 as compared with 24 hours timepoint for each metabolite. A analyzes DHEA, B analyzes 5-Adiol, C analyzes DHT, D analyzes DHEA, and E analyzes 5-Adiol.
FIGURE 3 from AKR1C3 Converts Castrate and Post-Abiraterone DHEA-S into Testosterone to Stimulate Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells via 5-Androstene-3β,17β-Diol
Authors: Detlefsen Andrea J. , Mesaros Clementina A. , Duan Ling , Penning Trevor M.
Published: September 2023

DHEA-S to T metabolism measured by SID-LC-MS/MS. T formation from castrate (5 µmol/L) DHEA-S (A) and post-Abi (0.5 µmol/L) DHEA-S (B) in CWR22PC WT cells ± ASP-9521 or BMT4-159 and in CWR22PC AKR1C3 KD cells. T formation from castrate (5 µmol/L) DHEA-S (C) and post-Abi (0.5 µmol/L) DHEA-S (D) in DuCaP WT cells ± ASP-9521 or BMT4-159 and in DuCaP AKR1C3 KD cells. P values indicated where ***, P < 0.0001; **, P < 0.001; and *, P < 0.01 as compared with WT DHEA-S metabolism at all timepoints. Statistical significance was analyzed by a one-way ANOVA.
Effect of Leuprolide Acetate, a GnRH Agonist, on Neuroinflammation and Anxiety-Like Behavior after Mild Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Rat Model
Authors: Pedroza-García Karina Alejandra , Calderón-Vallejo Denisse , Cervantes-García Daniel , Quintanar-Stephano Andrés , Salinas Eva , Quintanar J. Luis
Published: September 2023

Background: Mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a condition that predisposes to negative outcomes such as neuroanatomical injury, mood disorders, and motor or cognitive disabilities. The neuroinflammation plays an important role in the neurological damage; therefore, reducing it could provide neuroprotection. The leuprolide acetate (LA) has shown to have neuroregenerative and immunomodulator properties in other nervous system injuries. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of LA in the acute phase of mild HIE and its effects in motor activity and behavior in a subacute phase. Method: Forty-five Wistar rats on postnatal day 7 were divided into Sham, HIE treated with saline solution (HIE-SS), and HIE-LA. The HIE was performed cutting of the right carotid artery followed by 60 min of hypoxia. The expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and the chemokine CXCL-1 were evaluated 72 h after HIE by RT-qPCR and the motor activity and behavior were evaluated by open field test at postnatal day 33. Results: HIE-SS animals showed increased expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and CXCL-1 genes in injured tissue. However, the HIE-LA group exhibited similar expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α to the Sham group, while IFN-γ and CXCL-1 mRNA expression were attenuated with LA treatment. LA treatment also prevented anxiety-like behavior in the open field test. Conclusion: Treatment with LA partially reverses HIE-induced neuroinflammation and prevents anxiety-like behavior in neonatal rats.
Τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τὸ εὐαγγελισθὲν ὑπ’ ἐμοῦ (Gal 1:11)
Authors: Bianchini Francesco
Published: September 2023

In this contribution the author will proceed in three steps. First, he will raise questions about the various rhetorical approaches one might follow in order to study the argumentative development of Galatians, considering the different methodological options. Second, he will offer a survey of existing rhetorical research on Galatians. Then he will seek to outline the argumentative structure and development of Galatians, in order to understand what is really at stake in this Pauline letter. At the end it will be proven that the literary rhetorical approach in studying Galatians is highly useful for a deep understanding of the text of the letter and its aim: Paul wants to re-evangelise the addressees.
Les démons étaient-ils vraiment le problème à Corinthe ?
Authors: Patmore Hector M.
Published: September 2023

A consensus of opinion exists among scholars that Paul appears to contradict himself in 1 Cor 10:17–22: on the one hand, he makes clear that idols have no existence beyond the material objects themselves ; on the other hand, he appears to warn the Corinthians that they are exposing themselves to a dangerous metaphysical reality, namely demons (i.e., evil supernatural beings), by taking part in pagan cults. This supposed non sequitur is generally resolved by claiming that Paul adheres to two Jewish traditions simultaneously. The Jewish witnesses, however, do not support such a conclusion. In fact, the Jewish sources offer an alternative solution to this supposed problem, namely that Paul uses the word δαιμόνια to designate foreign gods to which he attributes no metaphysical reality. In short, there are no demons involved. As such, he maintains a biblical position : even if the idols are nothing but wood and stone, idolatry is forbidden.
Inulin has a beneficial effect by modulating the intestinal microbiome in a BALB/c mouse model
Authors: Zhu Z. , Hu C. , Liu Y. , Wang F. , Zhu B.
Published: September 2023

Food allergy is an important health problem that affects human quality of life and socioeconomic development, and its treatment requires improvement. Intestinal flora dysbiosis is closely associated with food allergies. A sensitised mouse model was established by the intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA). The mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, model, high-dose (H), and low-dose (L) inulin. The mice were administered water containing different concentrations of inulin four weeks before the OVA injection. Body weight changes were monitored. After the last OVA injection, the mice were scored for allergic reactions. The levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum and secretory IgA (sIgA) in the small intestinal mucus were measured, and 16S rRNA sequencing of the faecal flora was performed to evaluate microbial parameters. The intestinal flora biomarkers, correlations between them, and biochemical indicators were analysed. Inulin treatment had no effect on the body weight of OVA-sensitised mice but attenuated allergic reactions and intestinal injury in mice. Compared with the control group, the model group had significantly higher levels of serum DAO and IgE and significantly lower levels of intestinal mucus IgA. IgA levels in the intestinal mucus of mice treated with inulin prior to OVA sensitisation were higher than those in non-inulin-treated OVA-sensitised mice. Furthermore, analysis of operational taxonomic units showed that inulin treatment decreased the abundance of Alloprevotella, Rikenellaceae RC9, Eubacterium siraeum, and Eubacterium xylanophilum, and increased the abundance of Blautia and Lachnospiraceae. Serum DAO levels were positively associated with Eubacterium siraeum, Alloprevotella, Eubacterium xylanophilum, and Odoribacter and negatively associated with Blautia, Tyzzerella, Alistipes, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Ruminococcaceae UCG005. In addition, IgE levels were positively associated with Eubacterium siraeum, Alloprevotella, Eubacterium xylanophilum, Odoribacter, and Citrobacter and negatively associated with Blautia, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, and Alistipes. IgA exhibited significant positive correlation with Blautia, norank_f_Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, Alistipes, norank Desulfovibrionaceae, Muribaculum, and Ruminococcaceae and significant negative correlation with Eubacterim siraeum, Eubacterium xylanophilum, Odoribacter, and Citrobacter. Inulin exerts a protective effect against food allergies in mice, which is partially mediated by alterations in the gut microbiota.
Use of Specialized Tribunals for the Settlement of Construction Projects in Times of a Financial Crisis
Authors: Abdulrahim Abdulla Mohammad Ibrahim
Published: September 2023

Financial crises have ripple effects throughout several sectors. Both the 2008 financial crisis and the recent covid-19 crisis significantly impacted the financial sector. The government of Dubai devised numerous legislative solutions to the 2008 crisis, one of which was creating special tribunals. The success of the legislative remedies adopted by Dubai’s government during the covid-19 crisis is also worthy of attention. This study aims to draw lessons from both crises in recognition of their considerable potential to serve as remedies during emergencies. Moreover, it seeks to analyze arbitration and insolvency/bankruptcy procedures utilized by specialized tribunals.
Nebulous Cinema
Authors: de Luca Tiago
Published: September 2023

As billowing masses averse to stillness and defined by perpetual variability, clouds, fog and mist share common ontological properties. This article will group them together under the rubric of the “nebulous,” and probe its conceptual and aesthetic relationship with film. Fog, smoke and mist are pervasive through the entire history of cinema and crop up in an array of genres and modes. What would film history look like if traced from the perspective of these cloud forms? The article hopes to sketch out the first contours of such a history by honing in on a durational cinematic tradition, from the “landscape film” of the 1970s through to contemporary slow cinema. It will conceive of such a history as intermedial both in the sense that it extrapolates the boundaries of the film medium and in that it treats fog, mist and clouds as elemental “media” in their own right.
The Export of Goods Used for Torture and the Applicability of Article 3 echr
Authors: Trampert Joëlle
Published: September 2023

Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (echr or Convention) is currently not understood to apply when Council of Europe member states export goods that could be used for torture, the death penalty, or other ill-treatment in third states. In 2021, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe recommended states to take measures against trade in such goods, also recalling Article 3 echr. Following an analysis of relevant rules in the EU Anti-Torture Regulation, the UN Convention Against Torture, and the echr, the paper demonstrates how Article 3 echr may be interpreted so as to apply to export. As the person (at risk of) suffering torture, the death penalty, or other ill-treatment will be located abroad, the paper examines three alternative models for extraterritorial jurisdiction. It concludes that, at a minimum, the Convention could accommodate an obligation to investigate after an export has taken place.
Understanding Cloud Systems’ Structure and Organization Using a Machine’s Self-Learning Approach
Authors: Chatterjee Dwaipayan , Acquistapace Claudia , Deneke Hartwig , Crewell Susanne
Published: September 2023

In this study, we introduce a self-supervised deep neural network approach to classify satellite images into independent classes of cloud systems. The driving question of the work is to understand whether our algorithm can capture cloud variability and identify distinct cloud regimes. Ultimately, we want to achieve generalization such that the algorithm can be applied to unseen data and thus help automatically extract relevant information important to atmospheric science and renewable energy applications from the ever-increasing satellite data stream. We use cloud optical depth (COD) retrieved from postprocessed high-resolution Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite data as input for the network. The network’s architecture is based on the DeepCluster, version 2, and consists of a convolutional neural network and a multilayer perceptron, followed by a k-means algorithm. We explore the network’s training capabilities by analyzing the centroids and feature vectors found from progressive minimization of the cross-entropy loss function. By making use of additional MSG retrieval products based on multichannel information, we derive the optimum number of classes to determine independent cloud regimes. We test the network capabilities on COD data from 2013 and find that the trained neural network gives insights into the cloud systems’ persistence and transition probability. The generalization on the 2015 data shows good skills of our algorithm with unseen data, but results depend on the spatial scale of cloud systems.

Significance Statement

This study uses a self-supervised deep neural network to identify distinct cloud systems from cloud optical depth satellite images over central Europe. Satellite-retrieved products support the physical interpretation of the identified cloud classes and help optimize the number of identified classes. The trained neural network gives insights into cloud systems’ persistence and transition probability. The generalization capacity of the deep neural network with unseen data is promising but depends on the spatial scale of cloud systems.
Occurrence of deep liquid oil reservoirs in the Sichuan and Tarim basins as constrained by geological evidences and molecular simulation
Authors: Xiao Hong , Li Meijun , Wang Ning , Yang Chengyu , Han Qiuya , Liu Xiaoqiang , Zhong Ningning , Zhang Shuichang , Qiu Nansheng
Published: September 2023

The hydrocarbon phase state of deep to ultra-deep reservoirs in the Tarim and Sichuan basins has been of great interest in oil and gas exploration. Based on a combination of molecular dynamics simulation, gold-tube pyrolysis experiments, and geological-geochemical theory, this study discusses the mechanisms governing the stability of oils in deep reservoirs from the perspectives of their reservoir accumulation histories and chemical reactions. Generally, the reason for the existence of liquid oil in the Tarim Basin is widely considered to be only controlled by external geological conditions, mainly including low geothermal gradient, absence of thermal events, low maximum reservoir temperatures, and late hydrocarbon generation process. However, this study firstly proposed that the chemical composition of oil is an internal factor for its thermal stability. The simulation results reveal that the polycondensation reactions of asphaltene will release hydrogen atoms, which can provide a necessary hydrogen source for cracking of liquid chain hydrocarbons. It means that the presence of asphaltene components can promote the cracking of chain hydrocarbons and generate methane. The normal mature oil in the Sichuan Basin generally has higher contents of asphaltenes than that of the high-mature light oil of the Tarim Basin, so more hydrogen has historically been available for the cracking of oil to gas. By looking at the accumulation histories and chemical compositions of the crude oils, this study first explains the stable long-term storage of liquid hydrocarbons in the Tarim Basin, providing important guidance for future deep to ultra-deep oil and gas exploration.
Robust prescribed performance trajectory tracking control with improved fast nonsingular terminal sliding surface of robot manipulators
Authors: Song Tangzhong , Fang Lijin , Zhang Yue , Wang Huaizhen , Qian Yian
Published: September 2023

This paper investigates the high-precision model-free control of robot manipulators. To this end, a model-free robust prescribed performance controller with an improved fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface (IFNTSM) and unknown system dynamics estimator (USDE) has been designed. An USDE method is employed to estimate model informations and further to achieve model-free control, which can avoid complex mathematical model calculation. Compared with some other model-free control methods like time-delay control (TDC) and neural-networks control (NNC), the USED does not require acceleration signal and is easy to implement. Then the prescribed performance control (PPC) has been used to limit error trajectory, which means the error can be pre-limit in a constraint band. A new transform function (TF) is designed for PPC, it has unlimited domain and can still maintain stability although tracking error will exceed PPC boundary sometimes, but the PPC with traditional TF will crash in this case. This is a great improvement for the stability of system compared with traditional TF. An improved fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface (IFNTSM) with a new adaptive law is proposed to accelerate convergence rate and improve steady-state accuracy on the sliding manifold. Finally, a practical finite-time controller (PFTC) has been constructed to drive sliding variable to a set centered on zero within a finite time, which means the convergence time can be calculated depending on the initial state. The transient response time can be shorten compared with traditional asymptotic stable. Abundant simulations and experimental results also verified the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Prediction of mid-high frequency noise in new energy electric vehicles
Authors: Yang Dongxu , Wang Fei , Liu Hai , Ma Teng , Zhang Hao , Li Weixiao
Published: September 2023

Mid-high frequency noise in new energy electric vehicles is a critical factor affecting the comfort of car occupants. Such noise is generated near the electric motor and four tires, transmitted to the cabin through airborne, and finally perceived by the car occupants. Transfer Path Analysis is widely used for predicting cabin noise, but obvious time-consuming problems exist here. In this study, a time-efficient method called Inverse Transfer Path Analysis was used to calculate the mid-high frequency noise Airborne Transfer Function of a new energy electric vehicle. Then, the mid-high frequency noise at the driver’s ear position was predicted through an operational test. The results reveal that this method can accurately and efficiently predict the noise in the cabin. Furthermore, an artificial head was used to calculate the Head-Related Transfer Function from the external ear to the eardrum. This function was used to predict the mid-high frequency noise at the driver’s eardrum position, and the role of the human ear in the propagation of mid-high frequency noise has been analyzed.
Stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness: A cross-sectional survey of Australian medical students
Authors: Kumar Annora Ai-Wei , Liu Zhao Feng , Han Jessica , Patil Sasha , Tang Lucy , McGurgan Paul , Almeida Osvaldo P
Published: September 2023

Objectives

We aimed to assess the degree of stigmatizing attitudes and psychological distress amongst Australian medical students in order to better understand factors that may impact help-seeking behaviours of students. We hypothesize that sociodemographic factors will not significantly predict stigmatizing attitudes, and increasing levels of psychological distress will be associated with increasing stigma.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to medical students at Western Australian universities and members of the Australian Medical Students’ Association. Stigma was scored using the Mental Illness Clinicians’ Attitudes (MICA-2) scale. Psychological distress was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Participants provided information about gender, age, spirituality, financial hardship, treatment for mental illness, and experience in psychiatry.

Results

There were 598 responses. The mean (Standard Deviation) MICA-2 score was 36.8 (7.5) out of a maximum of 96, and the mean (SD) HADS depression score was 4.7 (3.7). The mean (SD) HADS anxiety score was 9.3 (4.4). Past or current treatment for a mental illness was associated with lower MICA-2 scores. There was no association between MICA-2 and HADS scores, or sociodemographic factors.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate relatively low MICA-2 scores and high HADS-A scores overall, with no association between HADS scores and stigma.
Introduction: telecommunications revolution? Enduring problems and possible futures
Authors: Meese James , Middleton Catherine , Yang Fan , Hegarty Kieran , Wilken Rowan
Published: September 2023

The ongoing tension between the enduring problems that beset the telecommunications sector, and the potential economic and social benefits continually associated with these technologies is the point of departure for our Feature Topic, which reflects on the current state of telecommunications, while also casting a cautious eye forward. The articles in this Feature Topic outline ongoing challenges around connectivity as well as contestations over 5G rollouts and competing international visions. However, the articles are not solely defined by critique, and authors also take time to articulate a positive future for telecommunications, one more oriented towards the actual needs of citizens. Australia features prominently in these articles, but the section also offers a global perspective, with authors accounting for the Global South as well as developments across the Asia-Pacific.
Public health literacy in primary users in western Turkey
Authors: Kılınç Ali , Çam Cüneyt , Aydoğan Gedik Sevil , Oktar Didem , Taşcıoğlu Umur , Öznur Muz Feyza Nehir , Önsüz Muhammed Fatih , Metintaş Selma
Published: September 2023

Background:

Public health literacy (PHL) is a novel perspective on health literacy (HL). Differing from HL’s individualist approach, PHL is concerned with public health events and promoting health in the whole society.

Objectives:

To evaluate PHL, a newly developed concept, and related factors.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, people who visited primary healthcare centers in urban and rural settings were recruited using a questionnaire that includes Public Health Literacy Knowledge Scale (PHLKS) and Adult Health Literacy Scale (AHLS). Out of four Primary Healthcare Centers (PMCs) in western Turkey selected randomly, one PMC was located in a rural setting, while three PMCs were located in an urban setting. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the predictors for PHL.

Results:

The study group consisted of 1672 people, of which 55.3% were male. The mean age was 40.94 ± 15.22. The median score (min–max) from PHLKS was 13.0 (0–17). Multiple linear regression showed that income level had a negative impact on PHL. Higher education, fondness for reading, hospital admission and HL, however, increased PHL levels. Additionally, living in an urban area and not having auditory problems were positively associated with PHL.

Conclusions:

Participants had a moderate level of PHL. Improving PHL should be a priority to tackle global and local problems that have an adverse effect on community health. To increase community engagement in public health events, people with low education and HL levels should be targeted in future training programs.
Intramuscular myxoma of the thigh: A case report
Authors: Jabbar Samra , Jamil Omer bin Khalid , Ali Rabbiya , Zulfikar Imrana , Tharwani Zoaib Habib
Published: September 2023

Intramuscular Myxomas are rare benign soft tissue tumors which usually occur between the ages 40 and 70 years and are more common among females. A thorough history and examination can help with diagnosis and it can be confirmed via histological examination. A 40-year-old female presented with a swelling in the medial aspect of right thigh which measured about 5 × 5 cm. Ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and histopathology examination confirmed the diagnosis and a complete surgical resection was performed to remove the mass. Intramuscular myxoma should be included in differential diagnosis of sarcomas, hemangioma, desmoid tumor, clear cell sarcoma, and lipomas. Magnetic resonance imaging should be the investigation of choice, and histopathology remains the gold standard of investigation. Complete surgical excision with negative margins is the treatment of choice.