bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The book as a tunnel
Authors: Jones Phil
Published: June 2014

Through our first repeated interaction with books, we come to recognize recurring elements in these experiences, such as verso and recto pages, covers, spine, etc., and relationships between these elements (front/back, part/whole, etc.). Such interactions enable us to construct abstracted mental representations of the book, which are simpler than any single physical instantiation, but indicative of many other books. This schematization provides the basis for a range of structures and pathways that can be linked, or mapped, onto text and imagery in both conventional and unconventional ways. Through metaphor and metonymy, basic concepts evoked by schematic book-form can link with words and images to make new meaning. Therefore, rather than thinking of the book page as simply a substrate onto which the printed word is inscribed, it can be understood, for example, as a slice of time and/or space, and such an understanding provides opportunities for making associations with text and imagery. Consequently, the book is not necessarily a neutral carrier of meaning but can prompt the reader to think in particular ways about how information is presented. This article will explore the book-form as a source of schematic structure that can be linked and blended with other elements to instantiate texts in diverse and creative ways. Using ideas from conceptual metaphor theory and conceptual blending theory, it will focus on one metaphorical understanding of the book: book as a tunnel, to highlight possibilities for integrating the physical and visual forms of books with book texts. The tunnel book is a format that has been explored by book artists in which apertures are cut into pages, suggesting movement through, rather than around pages. This article discusses a book that utilizes the notion of cutting through a book, but instead, seeks to evoke this effect through imagery and the conventional codex rather than by piercing the book page and utilizing the tunnel book format. I provide an account of how a sense of moving through a tunnel is projected onto experiences of moving through a book. I also discuss the ways in which these two parallel experiences can be blended with other metaphorical journeys, in this case progression through a course of postgraduate study.
Book Unbound: An exploration of the material forms of the codex and e-book
Authors: Mak Bonnie , Pollack Julia
Published: June 2014

This article explores how material form influences the communication of information in books across technological divides. Using the creative project, Book Unbound, as a starting point, the article explores forms of the book that are not tied uniquely to the codex. Furthermore, by discussing the familiar codex in relation to its digital counterparts, the article examines how materiality continues to be used to communicate, persuade readers and shape the process of meaning-making.
Frame jumps and mixed modalities: Reading and/as interface
Authors: Drucker Johanna
Published: June 2014

Interface design pioneers Douglas Engelbart and Ivan Sutherland strove to include hands, feet, body movements and orientation to the screen as part of the basic computational apparatus. They also relied on the visual aspects of graphical interface as a crucial feature of this embodied experience. Since then, the tactile aspects of interface have intensified, and the structures that organize the graphical user interface remain essential to our use of digital environments. Multiple types of media are now embedded in screen-based environments, posing challenges for reading across very disparate frameworks and modalities (media types). I refer to this process as ‘frame-jumping’, the challenge of moving from one visual and cognitive frame to another, while trying to position ourselves as readers/viewers within the multi-media environment.
Challenges of UK/Irish contractors regarding material management and logistics in confined site construction
Authors:   Queen’s University Belfast, UK, Spillane John , Oyedele Lukumon ,   Queen’s University Belfast, UK, von Meding Jason ,   Queen’s University Belfast, UK, Konanahalli Ashwini ,   Queen’s University Belfast, UK, Jaiyeoba Babatunde ,   Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, Tijani Iyabo ,   Yaba College of Technology Lagos, Nigeria
Published: June 2014

The aim of this paper is to identify the various managerial issues encountered by UK/Irish contractors in the management of materials in confined urban construction sites. Through extensive literature review, detailed interviews, case studies, cognitive mapping, causal loop diagrams, questionnaire survey and documenting severity indices, a comprehensive insight into the materials management concerns within a confined construction site environment is envisaged and portrayed. The leading issues highlighted are: that contractors’ material spatial requirements exceed available space, it is difficult to coordinate the storage of materials in line with the programme, location of the site entrance makes delivery of materials particularly difficult, it is difficult to store materials on-site due to the lack of space, and difficult to coordinate the storage requirements of the various sub-contractors. With the continued development of confined urban centres and the increasing high cost of materials, any marginal savings made on-site would translate into significant monetary savings at project completion. Such savings would give developers a distinct competitive advantage in this challenging economic climate.As on-site management professionals successfully identify, acknowledge and counteract the numerous issues illustrated, the successful management of materials on a confined urban construction site becomes attainable.
Application of lean principles to design processes in construction consultancy firms
Authors:   Structural Engineering Dept, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, Marzouk Mohamed , Bakry Ibrahim ,   Dept. of Bldg, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada, El-Said Moheeb ,   Structural Engineering Dept, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Published: June 2014

Simulation modelling and Lean principles have both been applied in the construction industry to improve work processes. The outcomes from their implementation are outstanding and have motivated construction researchers to seek means by which other aspects of construction production could benefit from this development. Therefore the aim of this research is to use computer simulation as a tool for assessing the impact of applying Lean principles to design processes in construction consultancy firms to aid in decision making at early stages of construction projects. A comprehensive model for the design process was built before the principles of Lean construction were depicted in the model. Through a detailed case study, it was concluded that applying Lean construction principles to the design process significantly helped to improve process efficiency, in terms of reduced process durations and increased resource utilisation.
Study of relationship between time overrunand productivity on construction sites
Authors:   Department of Building, University of Lagos, Nigeria, Ameh Oko , Osegbo Emeka ,   Department of Building, University of Lagos, Nigeria
Published: June 2014

The history of the construction industry worldwide is full of projects that were completed with significant time and cost overruns. In an attempt to reverse this trend, this study aims at establishing the relationship between time overrun and labour productivity on construction sites in Lagos, Nigeria. 43 technical and management staff of some medium and large construction firms based in Lagos, Nigeria were sampled and administered a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire contained 18 causes of project time overrun and 14 causes of low labour productivity which had been identified from the literature reviewed. With these a relationship between project time overrun and low labour productivity was established. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the data. Results indicate that inadequate funds for the project, inadequate planning before project takeoff, inadequate tools and equipment and delay in delivery of material top the list of major causes of time overrun while the use of wrong construction methods, inadequate construction materials and inaccurate drawing/specification are the key factors causing low labour productivity on construction sites. Significant negative relationship was found between time overrun and labour productivity in construction sites in Nigeria. The study concludes by recommending that early appointment of project managers could ensure proper management of both the human and material resources that could guarantee improved productivity and ultimately save projects from time overrun.
Relevanzgesteuerter Umbau der Substantivflexion im Deutschen
Authors: Dammel Antje , Gillmann Melitta
Published: June 2014

According to Bybee (1985, 1994), the relevance of one linguistic sign to another determines its formal expression as either lexical, morphological or syntactic. Highly relevant categories are predicted to be situated closer to the lexical root, i. e. by inflectional or derivational expression, whereas less relevant categories are more likely to be expressed periphrastically or syntactically. Nübling/Dammel (2004) show that relevance plays an important role in the diachronic reorganization of verbal inflection in German. We propose that this also applies to the diachronic development of the nominal categories in German, which is characterized by two major principles: levelling of caseforms versus maintenance and (even) strengthening of the more relevant number category. However, relevance is not the only principle shaping the diachronic reorganization of nominal inflection. We argue that a low degree of grammaticalization may counteract relevance as it usually correlates with low syntagmatic cohesion and high semantic specificity. Furthermore, we show that typological properties may interfere with the relevance criterion: The periphrastic expression of the relevant category of definiteness within the DP satisfies the overall tendency of German to express grammatical categories discontinuously through framing constructions (›Klammerprinzip‹). Another exception is the ›weak masculine declension‹ which contains mainly nouns denoting highly animate referents. We propose that animacy may alter the relevance hierarchy in the sense that demarcation of thematic roles (agent vs. others) through case marking is more important for highly animate referents than number marking.
Totlachen
Authors: Seeber Stefan
Published: June 2014

›Nibelungenlied‹ and ›Kudrun‹ display deliberate use of comic elements and of heroic irony. In a first step, my paper retraces the role that comedy and irony play in the teleological development toward the downfall in the ›Nibelungenlied‹. In a second step, I argue that ›Kudrun‹ deconstructs the ›Nibelungen‹ poetics of comedy and specifically includes them in its new, hybrid concept of storytelling. The hitherto neglected aspect of a structured use of comedy and irony in the epics allows for a new perspective not only on ›Nibelungenlied‹ and ›Kudrun‹, but also on the availability of comedy in medieval vernacular poetics in general.
Multiple Curve Comparisons with an Application to the Formation of the Dorsal Funiculus of Mutant Mice
Authors: Herberich Esther , Hassler Christine , Hothorn Torsten
Published: June 2014

Much biological experimental data are represented as curves, including measurements of growth, hormone, or enzyme levels, and physical structures. Here we consider the multiple testing problem of comparing two or more nonlinear curves. We model smooth curves of unknown form nonparametrically using penalized splines. We use random effects to model subject-specific deviations from the group-level curve. We present an approach that allows examination of overall differences between the curves of multiple groups and detection of sections in which the curves differ. Adjusted
A Homotopy Analysis Method for the Option Pricing PDE in Post-Crash Markets
Authors: El-Khatib Youssef
Published: June 2014

We investigate a solution for the option pricing partial differential
equation (PDE) in a market suffering from a financial crisis. The
post-crash model assumes that the volatility is stochastic. It is an
extension of the famous Black and Scholes model. Therefore, the option
pricing PDE for the crisis model is a generalization of the Black and
Scholes PDE. However, to the best knowledge, it does not have a closed
form solution for the general case. In this paper, we provide
a solution for the pricing PDE of a European option during financial
crisis using the homotopy analysis method.
Application of helium ion microscopy to nanostructured polymer materials
Authors: Bliznyuk Valery N. , LaJeunesse Dennis , Boseman Adam
Published: June 2014

Helium ion microscopy (HIM) is a relatively new high-resolution nanotechnology imaging and nanofabrication tool. HIM offers a near-molecular resolution (approaching that of TEM) combined with a simplicity of sample preparation and high depth of field similar to SEM. Simultaneously, the technique is not limited by the surface roughness as scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques or by the surface charging or radiation damage like SEM. In our review, we consider general principles, advantages, and prospects of HIM application in polymer science. Examples of high-resolution imaging of polymer-based nanocomposites, polymer nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanoporous materials, polymer nanocrystals, biopolymers, and polymer-based photovoltaic and sensor devices are presented. We compare the HIM’s applicability with other modern imaging techniques: SPM and SEM.
MicroRNAs in central nervous system development
Authors: Díaz Néstor F. , Cruz-Reséndiz Mónica S. , Flores-Herrera Héctor , García-López Guadalupe , Molina-Hernández Anayansi
Published: June 2014

During early and late embryo neurodevelopment, a large number of molecules work together in a spatial and temporal manner to ensure the adequate formation of an organism. Diverse signals participate in embryo patterning and organization synchronized by time and space. Among the molecules that are expressed in a temporal and spatial manner, and that are considered essential in several developmental processes, are the microRNAs (miRNAs). In this review, we highlight some important aspects of the biogenesis and function of miRNAs as well as their participation in ectoderm commitment and their role in central nervous system (CNS) development. Instead of giving an extensive list of miRNAs involved in these processes, we only mention those miRNAs that are the most studied during the development of the CNS as well as the most likely mRNA targets for each miRNA and its protein functions.
Stabilization of clayey subgrade with waste pumice for road infrastructure
Authors: Çimen Ömür , Saltan Mehmet , Keskin S. Nilay
Published: June 2014

High-plasticity clayey subgrade, which is unsuitable for road construction, may sometimes occur along highway routes. In such cases, engineers need to change the route of a highway project, resulting in an increase in road length and project costs. In this study, waste pumice was examined for stabilization of high-plasticity clayey subgrade, which is inappropriate for road construction. For this purpose, the physical and index properties of clay and pumice were determined. Then, the pumice was mixed with high plasticity clay at different ratios by weight. By performing standard Proctor compaction tests on the mixtures, the effects of adding pumice on compaction were also studied. Unconfined compression tests and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were performed on all pumice-clay mixtures, and the test results and the CBR ratios were compared for each sample, respectively. The results showed that pumice stabilization improved the mechanical properties and reduced the swelling potential of high plasticity clayey subgrade.
NS-Fememorde in der Steiermark
Authors: Schafranek Hans
Published: June 2014

Vorspann

Mord gehört untrennbar zum nationalsozialistischen Verhaltensrepertoire. Opfer konnten auch die eigenen Parteigenossen werden, wenn sie als Verräter eingestuft wurden. In der seit Juni 1933 verbotenen österreichischen NSDAP spielten solche Fememorde vor allem nach dem gescheiterten NS-Putsch (25. Juli 1934) eine wichtige Rolle, wie Hans Schafranek in seinem Beitrag zeigt. In zwei Fallstudien prä-sentiert und analysiert er minutiös die Anatomie bislang wenig beachteter NS-Verbrechen und deren allzu nachlässige Ahndung durch die Nachkriegsjustiz.
Otto Meyer: MAN-Vorstand im Dritten Reich
Authors: Feyer Sven
Published: June 2014

Vorspann

Otto Meyer, seit 1926 in führender Position bei der Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nürnberg (MAN), gilt als eine der bedeutendsten bayerischen Unternehmerpersönlichkeiten des 20. Jahrhunderts. Sven Feyer zeichnet die Biographie dieses konservativen Wirtschaftsführers in der NS-Zeit nach. Meyer setzte sich an der Spitze eines bedeutenden Rüstungsbetriebs bis Kriegsende energisch für die Kriegsproduktion des Dritten Reichs ein, obwohl er der nationalsozialistischen Ideologie ablehnend gegenüberstand und wiederholt ins Visier des Repressionsapparats von Staat und Partei geriet.
Autobiografie als geschichtspolitische Waffe
Authors: Machtan Lothar
Published: June 2014

Vorspann

Bücher haben ihre Geschichte. Wie spannend und lehrreich sie sein kann, zeigt der Historiker Lothar Machtan in einem äußerst lesenswerten Aufsatz über das Memoirenwerk des letzten kaiserlichen Kanzlers. Max von Baden und sein engster Berater Kurt Hahn scheiterten zweimal mit ihrem Versuch, das Image des Prinzen als Totengräber der Monarchie durch aufwändige Selbstmythografie zu korrigieren - zum ersten Mal in der Weimarer Republik, als die Erinnerungen gewogen und als zu leicht befunden wurden, und zum zweiten Mal Ende der 1960er Jahre, obwohl kein geringerer als Golo Mann die Neuauflage besorgte. Als seriöse Geschichtsschreibung getarnte Geschichtspolitik hatte nun erst recht keine Chance mehr. Das Vetorecht der Quellen wog ebenso schwer wie das kritische Urteil der Historiker, die ihrem Ruf als unbestechliche Instanz alle Ehre machten.
Chile als Partner, Exempel und Prüfstein
Authors: Dufner Georg J.
Published: June 2014

Vorspann

Mit dem Staatsstreich gegen die Regierung Allende vom 11. September 1973 wurde Chile zu einem bedeutsamen öffentlichen Streitpunkt in der bundesrepublikanischen politischen Debatte und im Konflikt- und Konkurrenzverhältnis mit der DDR. Die Kontroversen um den blutigen Pinochet-Putsch prägen die Wahrnehmung Chiles bis heute. In Vergessenheit ist dabei geraten, wie wichtig das Land schon längst zuvor für die deutsch-lateinamerikanischen und zunehmend auch die innerdeutschen Beziehungen war. Georg Dufners Aufsatz eröffnet diese zeithistorische Perspektive.
“So Unlucky a Perspective”: The Critique of Moral Sentimentalism in The Man of Feeling
Authors: Eker Bahadir
Published: June 2014

Henry Mackenzie’s The Man of Feeling (1771) is commonly described as a typical sentimental novel, yet the work has many aspects that a straightforward sentimentalist interpretation cannot possibly account for. I argue in this paper that The Man of Feeling, far from being a straightforward sentimental novel, encapsulates a profound critique of both moral sentimentalism and the genre of sentimental fiction. This critical stance is established in the first instance, I claim, by the ironic distance to the sentimental material in the novel, which results from the complex, multilevel narrative structure, and is further reinforced by numerous satirical elements in the text. As I demonstrate, reading Mackenzie’s work as an antithesis of the sentimental novel that parodies the sentimentalist moral epistemology underlying this mode of fiction does a much better job at explaining several crucial aspects of the novel than the sentimentalist interpretation.
“Keep that Fan Mail Coming.” Ceremonial Storytelling and Audience Interaction in a US Soldier’s Milblog
Authors: Usbeck Frank
Published: June 2014

The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq initiated a surge of texts by US soldiers who utilized recent Web 2.0 technology to forge new types of war narratives, such as the so-called “milblogs.” Milblogs merge letter and journal writing with journalistic reporting, and they maintain contact between soldiers and their social environment. They are at once public and private communication. Military psychology since Vietnam has referred to warrior traditions of Native American communities to discuss public narration and ceremonial acknowledgment of a soldier’s war experience as vital elements for veteran readjustment and trauma recovery. This article analyzes an exemplary milblog to argue that the interaction between blogger and audience does similar cultural work and has comparable ceremonial and, therefore, therapeutic functions: Soldiers publicly share their experience, reflect on it with their audience, receive appreciation and support, and thus mutually (re-)negotiate group identity.
Construction of Single Sampling Plans by Attributes for Heterogeneous Lots Using a Mixture of Two Poisson Distributions
Authors: Loganathan A. , Saral M. , Vijayaraghavan R. , Muthu Krishnan P.
Published: June 2014

In many manufacturing processes, production takes place in more than one stream, with the objective of increasing the production in order to meet the demands of the consumers for the products. The lots or batches of finished products that can be constructed by grouping the products manufactured from various streams are generally heterogeneous (non-homogeneous) in nature. In such a situation, the lot quality might vary as a result of the machines used, the skill of working personnel, and the raw materials, and existing sampling plans are not suitable or viable for carrying out inspection activity in sentencing such lots. When the inspection lots are non-homogeneous, a finite mixture distribution is an appropriate probability model for determining the quality variation of the product. In this paper, the design of single’ sampling plans by attributes under a mixture of two Poisson distributions is considered under the assumption that the products are manufactured in two independent streams. Tables providing plan parameters protecting the interests of the producer and the consumer for specified strengths are presented. The risk efficiency of Poisson bi-mixture plans relative to Poisson sampling plans is studied. The selection of plan parameters is illustrated.
Distortion Control: Quenching Apparatus for Hardening Parts: An Overview
Authors: Luo Xinmin , Totten George E.
Published: June 2014

During the production and quality control of heat treatment, especially during drastic cooling operations, avoiding heat-related distortions is critical if relatively stringent geometrical requirements stipulated by industrial manufacturing specifications are to be achieved. Therefore, specialized distortion minimization procedures are often used, which includes: the use of clamps and spreaders for fixturing workpieces in a designated position, and/or to controlling the flow direction and flux of coolants as they impinge on to the cooling workpiece surface. In addition, some assistive devices are required to implement designed movement of workpieces during the quenching process in order to meet the technical requirements of workpieces undergoing heat treatment. Quenching apparatuses are also used to fix workpieces to avoid any possible damage due to unexpected mutual contact or collision between them, and more importantly to ensure uniform heating and reasonable quenching of workpieces. On many occasions, some specially designed accessories are also considered as quenching apparatus to form a complete set with available heating or cooling equipment. Therefore, the quenching apparatuses are discussed in this paper for their role and function both in heat treatment production and especially for controlling quenching distortion. The main principles of the apparatus design are briefly described, and some apparatuses for typical heat treatment purposes are introduced, such as core rods, quenching machines, fixtures for press quenching, copying mould for quenching of aluminum alloy structural components, and apparatuses for induction hardening, and the use of quenchant flow tunnels. The management and the development trends of quenching apparatus are also briefly discussed. Characterization by digital technology, CFD, and computer control quenching apparatus has already become an important part of modern heat treatment production, and the synchronous increases of both production cost and heat treatment quality has been achieved. The popularization of the use quenching apparatuses implies that the fundamental solution to heat treatment distortion, which is based on effective movement constraints of workpiece upon quenching, suggests the programming cooling of workpiece and the reasonable design of quenchant flow tunnel for hardening is approaching. In the meantime, quenching apparatus design is becoming less empirical by increasing the use of established quenching theory and technology.
Die Bergbaugewerkschaft und die „Gastarbeiter“
Authors: Seidel Hans-Christoph
Published: June 2014

Deutsche Einleitung

Seit Ende der 1950er Jahre war der Kumpel im Ruhrbergbau immer öfter ein Türke. Obwohl der Bergbau eine schrumpfende Branche war, stieg der Anteil der in ihr beschäftigten Arbeitsmigranten an. Hans-Christoph Seidel erläutert in seinem Beitrag die Spezifika dieser Arbeitskräftepolitik und analysiert vor deren Hintergrund, wie die Bergbaugewerkschaft auf die Herausforderungen reagierte, die sich für sie daraus ergaben. Er beginnt seine Untersuchung mit der Etablierung des „Gastarbeiter“-Systems und führt sie bis in die 1980er Jahre fort, als die Politik die Zeichen auf eine „Förderung der Rückkehrbereitschaft“ umstellte.
Insight Into Genomic Changes Accompanying Divergence: Genetic Linkage Maps and Synteny ofLucania goodeiandL. parvaReveal a Robertsonian Fusion
Authors: Berdan Emma L , Kozak Genevieve M , Ming Ray , Rayburn A Lane , Kiehart Ryan , Fuller Rebecca C
Published: June 2014

Linkage maps are important tools in evolutionary genetics and in studies of speciation. We performed a karyotyping study and constructed high-density linkage maps for two closely related killifish species, Lucania parva and L. goodei, that differ in salinity tolerance and still hybridize in their contact zone in Florida. Using SNPs from orthologous EST contigs, we compared synteny between the two species to determine how genomic architecture has shifted with divergence. Karyotyping revealed that L. goodei possesses 24 acrocentric chromosomes (1N) whereas L. parva possesses 23 chromosomes (1N), one of which is a large metacentric chromosome. Likewise, high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism−based linkage maps indicated 24 linkage groups for L. goodei and 23 linkage groups for L. parva. Synteny mapping revealed two linkage groups in L. goodei that were highly syntenic with the largest linkage group in L. parva. Together, this evidence points to the largest linkage group in L. parva being the result of a chromosomal fusion. We further compared synteny between Lucania with the genome of a more distant teleost relative medaka (Oryzias latipes) and found good conservation of synteny at the chromosomal level. Each Lucania LG had a single best match with each medaka chromosome. These results provide the groundwork for future studies on the genetic architecture of reproductive isolation and salinity tolerance in Lucania and other Fundulidae.
BZcon1, a SANT/Myb-Type Gene Involved in the Conidiation ofCochliobolus carbonum
Authors: Zhang Jun-xiang , Wu Yi-xin , Ho Honhing , Zhang Hao , He Peng-fei , He Yue-qiu
Published: June 2014

The fungal pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum (anamorph, Bipolaris zeicola) causes Northern Leaf Spot, leading to a ubiquitous and devastating foliar disease of corn in Yunnan Province, China. Asexual spores (conidia) play a major role in both epidemics and pathogenesis of Northern Leaf Spot, but the molecular mechanism of conidiation in C. carbonum has remained elusive. Here, using a map-based cloning strategy, we cloned a single dominant gene, designated as BZcon1 (for Bipolaris zeicola conidiation), which encodes a predicted unknown protein containing 402 amino acids, with two common conserved SANT/Myb domains in N-terminal. The BZcon1 knockout mutant completely lost the capability to produce conidiophores and conidia but displayed no effect on hyphal growth and sexual reproduction. The introduced BZcon1 gene fully complemented the BZcon1 null mutation, restoring the capability for sporulation. These data suggested that the BZcon1 gene is essential for the conidiation of C. carbonum.
Apical Accumulation of the Sevenless Receptor Tyrosine Kinase During Drosophila Eye Development Is Promoted by the Small GTPase Rap1
Authors: Baril Caroline , Lefrançois Martin , Sahmi Malha , Knævelsrud Helene , Therrien Marc
Published: June 2014

The Ras/MAPK-signaling pathway plays pivotal roles during development of metazoans by controlling cell proliferation and cell differentiation elicited, in several instances, by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). While the internal mechanism of RTK-driven Ras/MAPK signaling is well understood, far less is known regarding its interplay with other corequired signaling events involved in developmental decisions. In a genetic screen designed to identify new regulators of RTK/Ras/MAPK signaling during Drosophila eye development, we identified the small GTPase Rap1, PDZ-GEF, and Canoe as components contributing to Ras/MAPK-mediated R7 cell differentiation. Rap1 signaling has recently been found to participate in assembling cadherin-based adherens junctions in various fly epithelial tissues. Here, we show that Rap1 activity is required for the integrity of the apical domains of developing photoreceptor cells and that reduced Rap1 signaling hampers the apical accumulation of the Sevenless RTK in presumptive R7 cells. It thus appears that, in addition to its role in cell–cell adhesion, Rap1 signaling controls the partitioning of the epithelial cell membrane, which in turn influences signaling events that rely on apico-basal cell polarity.
A Preliminary Report Of The Psychometric Properties Of The Epistemic Beliefs Inventory
Authors: Welch Anita G. , Roy Chris M.
Published: June 2014

There is a growing body of evidence showing that personal epistemology is a critical component of student learning (Hofer, 2001). Developed by Schraw, Dunkle, and Bendixen (1995), and based on the earlier work on Schommer (1990), the Epistemic Beliefs Inventory (EBI) was designed to measure five constructs concerning the nature of knowledge and the origins of individuals’ abilities. The primary purpose of this study was to reevaluate the psychometric properties of the EBI as it continues to be used in the measurement of epistemic beliefs in a variety of educational and professional settings. Based upon the results of this study, we confirm previous research confirming the lack of stability of the EBI. In addition, a revised structure appears to be present in which only twenty-nine items of the thirty-two items of the EBI are retained. The resulting instrument contains five constructs, likely representing five independent dimensions of epistemic beliefs, although additional research needs to be conducted on this revised model.
Why Consistency Is Not Possible In Experienced Teacher Evaluations
Authors: Barnett Jennifer A.
Published: June 2014

One of the three functions of the Ontario performance appraisal is “to provide for fair, effective, and consistent teacher evaluation” (Ministry of Education, 2002, p. 3). Without consistency, the appraisal is no longer fair or effective. Through the application of Grounded Theory, it was discovered that consistency in implementation was not occurring. This paper discusses how the central phenomenon - principal consideration of task – causes inconsistency in implementation. As long as the process is not followed, and school principals apply alternate expectations and procedures, the performance appraisal cannot be used to determine the competency of teachers.
Self-determination for Iraqis Talented Student
Authors: Yaqoop Hayder M.
Published: June 2014

People are often moved by external factors such as reward system, grades, evaluations, or opinions they fear others might have of them. Yet just as frequently, people are from within, by interests, curiosity, care or abiding values, these intrinsic motivations are not necessarily externally rewarded or supported, but nonetheless they can sustain passions, creativity and sustained efforts, the purpose of this study is tested Iraq's talented student about Which is type of self-determination there are selected the 100 talented students’ sample in Diyala province, Method research will be deepened on paper and pencil through self-determination scale. So, the data would process statistically to extraction results.
Teacher’ Self-Efficacy And Student Learning
Authors: Achurra Cristina , Villardón Lourdes
Published: June 2014

The teacher’s perception of their teaching self-efficacy includes a whole set of beliefs about their own ability to teach and to exert a positive effect on student learning. These beliefs are linked to behaviour patterns that teachers show in the classroom, and that establish marked differences in the type of teaching and in the strategies and methodologies used by teachers in their daily practice. This paper examines the results of a study in which 71 teachers and over 200 students from the University of Deusto (Spain) and the Catholic University of Temuco (Chile) took part. The aim of this study was to analyse teachers’ beliefs and their relationship to students’ perceived learning.
Exploring The Construct Validity Of The Two Versions Of The Resilience Scale In An Portuguese Adolescent Sample
Authors: Pinheiro Maria do Rosário , Matos Ana Paula
Published: June 2014

The Resilience Scale (RS) is an instrument developed by Wagnild and Young (1993) to access resilience levels. This study aims to explore the construct validity of the two existing versions of the RS. In a Portuguese sample of adolescents from public schools (n=180),, who participated in a Portuguese study about prevention of adolescent depression, both versions were assessed for dimensionality, reliability and concurrent validity. The Principal Components Analysis showed, for each version, one factor solution, respectively with 23 items (RS23) and 13 items (RS13). Good reliability was also found for both versions. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by significant positive correlations between resilience and flourishing scores and negative correlations between resilience, anxiety and depressive symptoms scores.
Tradition vs Reform: A Critical Review of Teacher Evaluation Beliefs in China
Authors: He Qiaoyan , Valcke Martin , Aelterman Antonia , Zhu Chang
Published: June 2014

In context of Chinese New Evaluation reform devoting to change the negative aspects of traditional evaluation including evaluating aim, content, method and student-teacher relationship as well as testing system, we disclosed that the “top-to-down” political and educational system is the critical barrier to block the new theories putting into practice. In order to promote communication between top and down, this paper focuses on the evaluation (the driving force) to explore the relationship between teacher beliefs (why, what, who, when and how) in the classroom and the key problems of New Evaluation reform as “why-aim”, “what-content”, “who-student-teacher relationship”, “how-method” and “when- time”, and then explore some effective counter-measures to involve both top and down into harmony communication to promote Chinese education development.
Media Ethnographic Methods Targeting students in a Technical Education (Medialogy)
Authors: Brooks Eva Petersson , Kofoed Lise B.
Published: June 2014

This paper investigates the process of designing, executing and evaluating a Bachelor “soft” skills based course, Media Ethnographic Methods targeting students in a technical education (Medialogy). The course was designed as a creative workshop encouraging innovation, group dynamics and participation. The multimodal form of examination facilitated different logics of presentation and discussion. In the examination, 80 percentages of the students were able to discuss and reflect upon theories and methods. It was important to link the new theories and methods, which can be fuzzy, in framing activities together with something technical that the students know and are interested in.
The Influence of Test Anxiety on Academic Performance of Agricultural Student
Authors: Pouratashi Mahtab , Mohammadi Hamid Movahed , Zhu Chang , Rezvanfar Ahmad , Hosseini Seyyed Mahmoud
Published: June 2014

The society is requiring that the labor force continually gain new knowledge to remain productive. Formal schooling plays an important role in the development of labor forces and enhancement of economic growth. Academic performance of students is one of the most important pieces of information used by employers in decision making as a signal of individuals’ ability. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of test anxiety on academic performance of agricultural students. The statistical population included senior students of agricultural colleges in Iran. A sample of 116 students was selected by using random sampling method. Data were collected by use of a questionnaire. Students’ grade point average at the completion of the junior academic year was applied to measure academic performance of students. The validity of questionnaire was established by an experts’ panel consisting of faculty members at colleges of agriculture in Tehran University. Instrument reliability was established by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed by the use of descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency distribution, percentage, correlation coefficient and t-test. In applying these statistical techniques, SPSS/win software was applied. The result of correlation analysis revealed that students’ test anxiety mean score was negatively and significantly correlated with academic performance of agricultural students.
Inclusion of Children with Visual Impairment in India
Authors: Bhan Sujata
Published: June 2014

The Right to Education (RTE) Act is anchored in the belief that availability of equal educational opportunities to children belonging to different social and economic background will reinforce the idea of equality enshrined in our constitution, and ensure that children are not discriminated on the basis of social or economic background or any such criteria. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is Government of India's flagship programme under RTE Act for achieving the universalization of elementary education. Since its launch in 2001, SSA has infused substantial new resources into India’s elementary education. But current schools are not delivering what is expected of them. Many NGOs initiated training and empowering students with visual impairment (VI) along with Government initiatives through SSA in Gulbarga in the state of Karnataka in India. A retrospective research was conducted in Gulbarga to find out the status of inclusive education of primary, middle and high school students with VI. The research included 12 students randomly selected from different schools: 6 were from Gulbarga Taluka where IEFs (integrated education facilitators) were providing support to VI students studying in IE schools, and 6 from Sedam Taluka where only SSA IERTs (integrated education resource teachers) were providing support to the IE schools with VI students. A qualitative approach was adopted and students with VI, their class teachers, resource teachers, principals, parents, siblings, and grandparents were interviewed. This research presents the current status of inclusive education in India with a focus on children with visual impairment in Gulbarga. The research findings highlighted an urgent and imperative need for making structural changes in the policies for implementing inclusion.
Stressful Situations in School and Their Influence in Motivation in Gifted Adolescent
Authors: Holešovská Petra
Published: June 2014

Stress experienced nowadays every person including children, youth and also gifted students. School environment is typical for stressful situations trough testing and marking, social environment in school and outside school. To stressful situation can get each individual and everyone sees the same stressful situation otherwise which affects an individual´s school performance and motivation- positively or negatively. From the research study (realized in 2011 in Brno, Czech Republic) shows that intellectually gifted youth need support and motivation from teachers and parents. Adolescence is critical period of life in which an individual may cease to be interested (for any reason) in an activity in which they excelled. It is known that work with intellectually gifted adolescent sis complicated because of giftedness and specific period of life (adolescence). The research study from 2011-2012 demonstrates which factors influence school motivation including stressors, social environment in school and outside school, personal characteristics. Stress can influence school performance and also development of giftedness. Therefore it is very important to engage in gifted adolescents because gifted have special needs in school as well as students with learning difficulties. Gifted people are our future.
Confusing Identities of Counseling Psychologists and Educational Psychologists in Turkey
Authors: Godelek Kamuran
Published: June 2014

Universities have been at the centre of social evolution since their creation in medieval times. Universities are part of world history. Universities modeled Europe and from Europe, universities participated in modeling the world and its development. According to Wilhelm von Humbolt’s definition, the university is an institution where the education in all fields of science is given together with research activities within a unified system. Popper in his book The Logic of Scientific Research gives a definition of science which complements Humbolt’s idea of the university. According to Popper, the aim of science is to expand the range of science by producing lots of hypotheses and conducting necessary observations in accordance with these hypotheses, and also to try to falsify the already produced hypotheses in order to put forward new ones. Hence, the function of the university as an institution which is in the service of society, besides educating people is to train people who have scientific thinking skills combined with a rational-critical attitude as summarized in Popper’s account of science. The aim of this presentation is to question how much and how far are the Faculties of Arts and Sciences and Educational Sciences in Turkey, which are the main faculties for educating people for future scientists and teachers, able to give this aforesaid critical-rational scientific approach to their graduates. A case in hand is the Department of Psychology in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and the Department of Counseling and Guidance in the Faculty of Educational Sciences. Both counseling psychology and educational psychology are different areas of specialization in psychology, and definitely need to be graduate programs as it is practiced in the USA and in Europe. An undergraduate degree in counseling and guidance is not enough for the graduate of that program to be either a counseling psychologist or educational psychologist. The identity crisis and overlaps between these fields can only be prevented by converting the current undergraduate level counseling and guidance departments into graduate programs within the faculty of education and prepare joint graduate programs with psychology departments in the Arts and Sciences faculties.
Impact of Demographic Variables in the Development of Prospective Teachers’ Efficacy Beliefs towards Inclusive Practices in the Context of Pakistan
Authors: Shaukat Sadia
Published: June 2014

This study was carried out to find out the role of demographic variables in the development of efficacy beliefs of prospective teachers enrolled in a teacher education program towards inclusion. The sample consisted of 194 prospective teachers enrolled in a one-year teacher education program at a government university in Pakistan. A standardized instrument measuring efficacy towards inclusive practices was employed to gather data from prospective teachers enrolled in a teacher education program. Prospective teachers enrolled in special teacher education program held more efficacious views on using inclusive and collaborative instructions in managing disruptive classroom behaviour of students with disabilities. In the same way, prospective teachers with high levels of training, experience, confidence and a high degree of knowledge about policies relevant to disabled children had a stronger sense of efficacy towards implementing the inclusive practices on each of the three factors: efficacy for inclusive instruction, efficacy in collaboration and efficacy in managing behaviour.
Modernity and the Challenge of Pluralism: Some Indonesian Lessons
Authors: Hefner Robert W.
Published: June 2014

In the tradition of Western social sciences to grow a sense of " hard " about the secularization : the removal of religion from public life ; religion is only a private matter of each person ; he did not have a significant social role .The idea of ​​secularization or the desecration of the Muslim reformer Indonesia has made Islam is not synonymous with social groups - political . Islam has been freed from political conflicts to be accepted by the wider Muslim community . Categories gentry , students , and abangan , Clifford Geertz used to distinguish religious orientation among Javanese Muslims , is no longer relevant to use . Gentry and abangans now been merged into the religious culture of the students . Now taking place what is called a " santrinisasi " or " Islamization " in Indonesia . It takes place in Indonesian society is becoming increasingly modern , where the middle class is getting stronger . Islam has become the culture of the middle class . Modernity hand with Islam . In Indonesia , Islam can also accommodate the challenges of plurality , which is the other side of modernity . Islam has contributed positively to the life of the nation-state of Indonesia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i4.819
Islamic Political Thought and Cultural Revival in Modern Indonesia
Authors: Syamsuddin M. Din
Published: June 2014

Views of Islamic political thought, at least there are three currents of thought among Indonesian Muslim intellectuals; formalistic currents, currents substantivistik, and fundamentalist currents. One view of current formalistic, he said Islam is a universal religion and overall (total). He emphasized the power of God on earth and as the views of Islamic fundamentalism, the danger of "Westoxication" or "jahili modern society". For this group, Islam must be instituted in order to be a force for liberation in this world. This institutionalization will pave the way for the formation of modern society Qur'anis.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i4.820