bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre el “crimen atroz” y el “amor terrible”: Poder y violencia enCrónica de una muerte anunciada
Authors: Celis Nadia
Published: February 2022

Este artículo es una relectura en clave feminista de las distintas “crónicas” que confluyen en Crónica de una muerte anunciada (1981) de Gabriel García Márquez, con énfasis en la caracterización de su protagonista femenina, la legendaria novia devuelta tras la noche de bodas, Ángela Vicario, y en la mujer cuya tragedia la inspiró, Margarita Chica Salas. Aunque variedad de críticos han explorado los paralelos entre la vida y la ficción en torno al “crimen atroz” que tomó la vida de Santiago Nasar, protagonista de la “muerte anunciada”, pocos han prestado atención a la historia de “amor terrible” que detona el segundo final de la novela, la reconciliación del esposo agraviado con la novia devuelta. Leyendo el texto como “crónica” de las visiones del amor que cimientan los roles y relaciones de género dominantes en las culturas caribeñas y latinoamericanas, mi análisis expone la relación entre las diferentes formas de violencia representadas por la novela, y expande la denuncia implícita del poder que se erige sobre esas violencias a una crítica de los pilares íntimos -afectivos y sexuales—del poder público. Con base en borradores inéditos de la novela, notas periodísticas sobre los personajes reales y entrevistas con testigos, entre otras fuentes poco exploradas, el artículo documenta además las consecuencias ya no solo del crimen real que inspiró la novela sino de su publicación en la vida de Margarita Chica Salas, apuntando a las formas en que la ficción y la realidad se retroalimentan para apropiar el cuerpo, la sexualidad y la autonomía de las mujeres. El involucramiento excepcional del autor en la creación y difusión de esta novela permite asimismo poner a prueba la posición de García Márquez ante las nociones de amor y poder que su obra reproduce. Testimonio de realidades e imaginarios aún vigentes, Crónica es además un cuadro idóneo para evaluar las tareas avanzadas en la agenda crítica feminista hispanoamericana de cara al reto de revisar nuestra educación sentimental y su complicidad con la dominación patriarcal.
Disciplinary Practices and Synchronized Swimming in Mar Gómez Glez’sBajo el agua
Authors: Pasero-O’Malley Anthony
Published: February 2022

Mar Gómez Glez’s 2014 site-specific and fact-inspired play Bajo el agua portrays the governing presence of the disciplinary mechanisms that operate upon the construction of the female body and feminine subjectivity through the unique focus on the microcosm of synchronized swimming. By deliberately placing a singular emphasis on a sport dominated by women, Gómez Glez calls attention to the gendered nature of disciplinary practices, inviting the reader/spectator to take stock of and better understand the degree of implementation and perpetuation within a wider social frame. This article proposes a reading of Bajo el agua through the theoretical writings of Michel Foucault and Sandra Lee Bartky, employing this critical prism as a means of elucidating the ways in which discipline is both implemented and gendered. My analysis additionally examines the inclusion of elements of performativity as well as the use of multimedia as crucial components of the play’s structural and thematic construction. Gómez Glez’s combination of dramatic fictions and real-life referents, together with contemporary experimental staging techniques further serve to actualize both the form and the content for modern audiences. My reading of Bajo el agua thus stands at the crossroads of studies on feminism, sports sociology, and contemporary theatre practices.
Cruising“Campos de Castilla”: prácticasqueerdel postporno transfeminista
Authors: Liante Ana Almar
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo analiza el corto postporno “Campos de Castilla” (2014), realizado por Karmen Tep y Elena Urko, como una producción audiovisual procedente del activismo transfeminista en el Estado español, fenómeno que apenas ha sido estudiado en la academia estadounidense. El transfeminismo, una corriente del feminismo surgida en España a comienzos de los 2000 y heredera del activismo queer de los años 90, supone una reacción a interpretaciones estrechas del sujeto de representación del feminismo liberal o institucional, reivindicando la proliferación de significados en torno a dicho sujeto así como la consideración de condiciones transversales de opresión. Este análisis resalta cómo “Campos” elabora a nivel audiovisual la intervención crítica del postporno a la producción de sexualidades, cuerpos y deseos heteronormativos característica del porno mainstream, pero además, sitúa al corto dentro de un contexto sociocultural más amplio que destaca las tradiciones cinematográfica y literaria en las que se enmarca este vídeo. Para entender cómo se implementan las micropolíticas de reapropiación del sistema género-sexo-sexualidad, realizaré un close-reading del vídeo a partir de los múltiples niveles y elementos (movimientos de la cámara, puntos de vista, mise-en-scène, sonido, etc.) con los que se juega en “Campos.”
Los muñecos de guiñol en las memorias de guerra de Aurora Arnáiz: una reformulación de la persona legal
Authors: Sedano Nagore
Published: February 2022

A partir de la década de 1990, el proyecto de memoria histórica de la Guerra Civil Española se centra principalmente en el marco jurídico de los derechos humanos. Las memorias de la exiliada republicana vasca Aurora Arnáiz (1913-2009), Retrato hablado de Luisa Julián. Memorias de una guerra (1996), se suman a esta tendencia. Arnáiz concluye su obra autobiográfica reclamando justicia por la muerte, a los ocho meses, de su hijo Carlos, y el asesinato, a manos de la policía franquista, de su primer marido, José Cazorla (1906-1940). No obstante, sostengo que lo novedoso de Retrato hablado es que su propuesta jurídica va más allá de la cuestión de impunidad legal de los crímenes franquistas. En este artículo, propongo que el texto autobiográfico de la republicana socialista somete a interrogatorio el cimiento del discurso de los derechos humanos: la persona legal de la tradición política liberal. Esta crítica del sujeto de derecho moderno se logra gracias al tratamiento literario de la figura esperpéntica del muñeco de guiñol. Arnáiz recurre al guiñol en los capítulos que versan sobre la guerra civil para articular sus experiencias más traumáticas. Este artículo propone que las memorias de Arnáiz desestabilizan el discurso de los derechos humanos al dramatizar la fisura entre la ley y el trauma.
The Trouble with Fat: Excess and Desire in Mariana Villegas’s Este cuerpo mío
Authors: Limón Lilia Adriana Pérez
Published: February 2022

The Fat Acceptance Movement, born in the late 1960s with the founding of the civil rights organization, the National Association to Aid Fat Americans, aims to end discrimination against fat people and disrupt the belief that fat bodies are not meant to be visible. This article draws upon the convergence between sexuality, desire, fatness, and disability in Mariana Villegas’s monologue, Este cuerpo mío. Villegas advocates transforming the way we view bodies and understanding fatness in terms of privilege and power, thus envisioning pleasure and sexuality as constituting a rejection of all that has been used to define fat women as undesirable.
Miradas y ojos reconstruidos a partir de accidentes, viajes y retornos en dos geografías: El cuerpo en que nací y Sangre en el ojo
Authors: de Alva María
Published: February 2022

Las novelas El cuerpo en que nací de Guadalupe Nettel (México) y Sangre en el ojo de Lina Meruane (Chile) son autoficciones en las que la voz narrativa queda anclada entre la autora y la narradora-personaje que relata a partir de un ojo marcado; en el primer caso por un lunar y en el segundo, una retinopatía. La mirada narra la experiencia del cuerpo y del ojo desde la exclusión, pero también desde el espacio de la memoria del país ausente al cual se regresa. La tara física define el cuerpo, la identidad personal y la memoria del país.
Reframing Disability through an Ecocritical Perspective in Sara Mesa’s Cara de pan
Authors: Leone Maryanne L.
Published: February 2022

This article establishes a dialogue between disability studies and ecocriticism to analyze Sara Mesa’s novel Cara de pan (2018), which narrates the relationship between a thirteen-year-old girl bullied at school and a fifty-four-year-old man with an atypical appearance who fixates on limited topics. The analysis examines the hegemony of normativity and dominant social narratives about disability, gender, and sexuality. Grounded in the idea that people with disabilities actively intervene in their environment, the essay argues that the characters’ environmental empathy supports the need for a diversity of experiences and perspectives, positively resituating disability and autism.
Pechos dobles (Los míos)
Authors: Arcos Carol
Published: February 2022

Doctora en Estudios Latinoamericanos, ensayista y poeta feminista. Actualmente, es profesora visitante en University of California, San Diego. Su trabajo crítico ha versado sobre historia cultural de la literatura, la edición y la escritura de mujeres en América Latina, como también sobre feminismos, género y sexualidades, desde una perspectiva psicoanalítica. Ha publicado en revistas académicas y en medios masivos, como también capítulos de libros colectivos. Entre sus obras más destacadas, en este ámbito, está la coedición de los cinco volúmenes de la Historia crítica de la literatura chilena (LOM).
Vírgenes y santas: Las devociones católicas en Nuestra Señora de la noche
Authors: Sabogal Alexandra Rodríguez
Published: February 2022

Este ensayo analiza cómo Mayra Santos Febres reinterpreta y recrea las devociones católicas desde las experiencias de marginalización de género, raza y clase. A través de las devociones a vírgenes y santas católicas, Nuestra Señora de la noche recrea una experiencia religiosa menos patriarcal que expande y humaniza el espectro de comportamiento femenino impuesto a las mujeres en la tradición católica. Como interlocutoras de las tres protagonistas, vírgenes y santas revelan discursos privilegiados por la teología patriarcal que naturalizan opresiones de género, raza y clase. Esta reinterpretación literaria centrada en la experiencia religiosa femenina coincide con la teología feminista que interpreta textos y símbolos religiosos desde la perspectiva de género.
Insilio, exilio y falsos idilios: Escritura, amor y nación en Domingo de revolución (2016) de Wendy Guerra
Authors: Santiago-Stommes Ivelisse
Published: February 2022

Este artículo explora cómo Domingo de revolución presenta el acoso que sufre una escritora de renombre internacional por parte del régimen dictatorial en Cuba, el efecto nocivo que el entorno de represión política causa a nivel colectivo y personal y el modo en que el cuerpo y la escritura se prestan como mecanismos de resistencia. Por medio de los desafíos, reacciones y comentarios de la protagonista, la obra cuestiona el concepto tradicional de nación y la nacionalidad cubana, al igual que desafía la autoridad del régimen político para determinar en qué consiste ser cubano y quién forma parte de la nación cubana.
Book Review - Making Muslim Women European
Authors: Gajic Jelena
Published: February 2022

Book review of Fabio Giomi's Making Muslim Women European: Voluntary Associations, Islam, and Gender in Post-Ottoman Bosnia and Yugoslavia (1878-1941).
Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the Content of Triterpenoids in the Extracts from Ganoderma Lucidum
Authors: Tran Duc Duy , Pham Thi Huu Hanh , Phan Van Man
Published: February 2022

This research investigates the effect of SC-CO2 extraction parameters on the triterpenoid recovery from G. lucidum. The SC-CO2 parameters included extraction pressure, extraction temperature, and extraction time. The extraction pressure was varied between 200, 400 and 600 bar, the extraction temperature between 30, 55 and 80 °C, and the extraction time between 30, 75 and 120 min. In this study, the SC-CO2 parameters were first optimized using a response surface methodology (RSM) for maximum triterpenoid recovery. The results showed that the optimal RSM-based SC-CO2 conditions were 430 bar extraction pressure, 54.8 °C extraction temperature and 78.90 min extraction time, achieving the maximum triterpenoid recovery of 1.56 mg/100g. The kinetic behavior of SC-CO2 process was subsequently characterized using a second-order kinetic model under variable extraction pressures and extraction temperatures, given a SC-CO2 time interval. The second-order kinetic models represented well the experimental results of triterpenoid extraction by SC-CO2 method. At these conditions, the triterpenoid extract also exhibited strong scavenging activities with IC50 values of 0.49 mg/mL for the DPPH radical scavenging activity and 0.26 mg/mL for ABTS radical scavenging activity. Thus, triterpenoids extracted from G. lucidum could be regarded as a potential agent for medicinal treatment. The results also suggest that the SC-CO2 extraction can be a useful extraction method for triterpenoid extraction from G. lucidum.
Apoyando el despliegue de procesos en el contexto de las pequeñas organizaciones software
Authors: Zambrano Francisco , Patiño Nelson , Pino-Correa Francisco-José
Published: February 2022

El despliegue de procesos software es una labor de las organizaciones para asegurar que los procesos se usen y sean seguidos en el desarrollo de sus proyectos. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las propuestas que existen para el despliegue de procesos son abstractas, difíciles de aplicar, y no consideran las limitaciones de tiempo y recursos propias de las pequeñas empresas. En este artículo se presenta un método para apoyar el despliegue de procesos en el contexto de las pequeñas organizaciones desarrolladoras de software, basado en elementos de internalización de conocimiento explícito y gestión de resistencia al cambio. El método propuesto ha sido evaluado mediante expertos, considerando aspectos de adaptabilidad, comprensibilidad e idoneidad del método para su uso en pequeñas organizaciones de software. A partir de esta evaluación se puede concluir que el método es ligero, su descripción es detallada y puede ser aplicado en organizaciones de este tipo.
Studying of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Polyester Composite Reinforced by Cows and Buffalo Horns
Authors: Radam Ali O. , Khadim Adil I. , Abdul-Ridha Zainab S.
Published: February 2022

Cows And Buffalo Horns waste particulate have been used as non-chemical reinforcement particulate to improve several features of polyester polymer, the particles of the cow and buffalo horns waste particles were used in three particle size 15, 200, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 300𝜇𝑚, at rates of 0, 2.4, and 6%, where the reinforcement process by the horns waste particles, where the hardness values have been increase from (60 to be 80), Young Modulus from 0.137 𝑀𝑃𝑎 to be 8.951 𝑀𝑃𝑎, while the density values have been deceases from (3.78 to 2.08) g/cm3 as a result of light weight of horn waste particles and the creation of voids and pores the reinforcing particles during the preparation process and the light weight (low density) of the reinforcement horn particles, in addition to that the thermal conductivity increases from (0.818 to be 1.489) W∕𝑚.℃.
Ratio and Temperature Dependence of Dielectric Properties and AC Conductivity of Polyvinyl Alcohol / Iraqi Eggshell Composites
Authors: Hussien Hani M
Published: February 2022

The polymer composites used in the present study were made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a matrix and Iraqi eggshell powder as filler. The eggshell powder was obtained from the waste of Iraqi chicken eggshell. The solution-casting method was used to prepare PVA/eggshell powder composite films with ratios (10, 30, and 50 wt %) of eggshell powder. The dielectric properties (dielectric constant, and power factor) and AC conductivity were investigated in the frequency range 100 kHz to 5 MHz at room temperature and different temperature (50, 70, 90, and 110 oC). It was found that the PVA sample and PVA samples containing 10% and 50% of eggshells had a dielectric constant that increases slightly with frequency up to 200 kHz, after which the decrease in the dielectric constant was very slight. While the sample of PVA containing 30% eggshell powder, the dielectric constant decreased slightly with increasing frequency. By studying the behavior of dielectric constant as a function of eggshell additives it was fond that the sample containing 50% of the eggshell powder has lowest values of the dielectric constant while the sample containing 10% of the eggshell powder has the highest values. The power factor decreased at a very small rate with increasing frequency and generally, the addition of eggshells led to a decrease in the power factor. At frequencies greater than 1MHz, it was found that the sample containing 10% eggshells has the highest conductivity while the samples containing 30% eggshells has lowest values. About the effect of temperature on the studied properties it was found that the dielectric constant and power factor generally increased with increasing temperature. Also, the values of the dielectric constant for samples containing 50% eggshell powder were lower than the other samples. It is generally found that the conductivity increased with frequency. At different temperatures it was found that sample containing 10% eggshells powder has close values of electrical conductivity. Generally, the samples had the highest conductivity at a temperature of 110 oC.
Synthesis, Characterization of New Azo-Schiff Ligand Type N2O2 and Metal Complexes with Di Valance Nickel, Palladium and Tetra Valance Platinum
Authors: Jawad Shatha Abd Alameer , Kareem Ibtihal Kadhim
Published: February 2022

The new Azo-Schiff ligand type N2O2 have been prepared through two steps. The first one Included the reaction between one equivalent of 2,3- di methyl aniline and one equivalent of salcildihyde to make azo compound and second step include the reaction of azo compound with tri ethylene tetra amine in order to make the new Azo-Schiff ligand. The ion metals of Ni+2, Pd+2 and Pt+4 with the new azo-Schiff ligand Complexes were prepared with mole ratio (1:1) (M:L) the prepared compounds were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, while Mass, 13C-NMR, 1HNMR spectra were taken for the new ligand, Elemental analysis, as well as the molar conductivity and magnetic successptibility for all prepared complexes. These measurements showed that complexes of Nickel and Platenium have octahedral shape. And Square planer for Palladium complex.
Breakdown Spectroscopy Stimulate by Laser for Silver Plasma
Authors: Alshathr Amer Hasan , Hatem T. , Al-Majeed Maryam Abd , Saadoon Noor Malik , Rahmah Muntadher I.
Published: February 2022

This article focused on the OES (optical emission spectra) for silver (Ag) plasma by the stimulate of laser breakdown spectroscopy process. The intensities of emission line also parameters for plasma were measured in order to detect the specific relation of laser pulse energies. Density number of electron (ne), as well temperature (Te) have been calculated by Blotzmann polt process either by McWhirter criterion. Measured values of (ne) and (Te) are in the range of (6064 to 4507K) and (ne) is (2.3x1017 to 3.7x1017 cm-3) at the fundamental wavelength (1064nm), and for case of (Ag- bulk) the value of electron temperature was (6564, 5228 to 4507 K) The number of electron density (9.36x1016 to 1.19x1017cm-3). The common trends of the results are the temperature of electron (Te) leads to increase precipitously due to the increase of laser pulse energy. Since, as the energy increases the electrons density increases.
Electrical and Structural Properties of CuBa2LaCa2Cu4O11+δ Superconducting System
Authors: Thejeel Mohammed Abdul-nebi , Hasan Maher A. , Haider Haider MJ. , Jasim Kareem Ali
Published: February 2022

In this work, the superconducting CuBa2LaCa2Cu4O11+δ compound was prepared by citrate precursor method and the electrical and structural properties were studied. The electrical resistivity has been measured using four probe test to find the critical temperature Tc(offset) and Tc(onset). It was found that Tc (offset) at zero resistivity has 101 K and Tc (onset) has 116 K. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis exhibited that a prepared compound has a tetragonal structure. The crystal size and microscopic strain due to lattice deformation of CuBa2LaCa2Cu4O11+δ were estimated by four methods, namely Scherer(S), Halder-Wagner(H-W), size-strain plot (SSP) and Williamson-Hall, (W-H) methods. Results of crystal sizes obtained by these methods were compared with each other. In all these methods, the values of βhkl (full-width half-maximum (FWHM) for diffraction peaks) and miler indices (hkl) are determined from the results obtained from Fullprof, Mach, Origin and VESTA software. The lattice parameters a, b and c, lattice shape, d and degree of crystallization were calculated. It was found that the crystal size which are calculating by S, W-H, SSP and H-W were (174.8472, 171.1776, 173.1009 and 175.4386) A0 respectively while the lattice strain values were (none, 0.0025, 0.004 and 0.003464), respectively.
Numerical Simulation of the Optical Coatings based on Ag Infrared Reflector
Authors: Roomy Harakat Mohsin , Alani Ban M.A , Taha Sarah K.
Published: February 2022

Ultra-thin metal layer (thickness below 15 nm) is of great interest as optical coatings in heat reflectors systems. However, producing these thin layers has been a continuing challenge because their thicknesses of individual layers depart from the conventional values. In this work, Infrared Reflective Optical Coatings are designed using thin layers to the visible transmittance at wavelengths 400~800 nm while reflecting infrared wavelengths 800-3000 nm. Three different design approaches have been used, namely single layers of metal (Ag), bi-layers design metal/ dielectric structure, and multilayer systems were designed on glass substrates for reflectors applications. The dielectrics materials (SiO2, SiN, Nb2O5, CdTe and AlAs) are chosen in this study. A detailed mathematical analysis based on characteristic matrix theory is presented to predict heat Multilayers reflectors. The optical performance of three alternating layers Nb2O5(25nm)/Ag(15nm)/Nb2O5(25nm) on substrate in range of (400-3000 nm) show the maximum visible transmittance about 89% and maximum IR reflectance 83. % at 1900 nm with stack SiO2(25nm)/Ag(15nm)/SiO2(25nm). Also the designs of stacks SiO2 (25nm) /Ag (15nm)/ SiO2(25nm)/ Ag(15nm)/ SiO2(25nm) and SiN (25nm) / Ag (15nm) /SiN (25nm)/Ag(15nm) / SiN(25nm) show the maximum reflection of IR wavelengths compared to the three alternating layers structure.
Computational molecular characterization of p53 and Human TLRs interactions
Authors: JahoorAlam Mohammad , Bardakci Fevzi , Anjum Sadia , Mir Shumayla Rasheed , Ahmad Irfan , Saeed Mohd
Published: February 2022

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the major sensors to regulate innate immunity. It is present in inactive form within immune cells. However, after recognizing the conserved region of the foreign body, it gets activated by the foreign body, such as bacteria, viruses, fungus, etc. Recently, it is reported that apart from participating in innate immunity, these TLRs also play an important role in apoptosis and cancer. Moreover, very few reported that it is cross-talk with p53 protein within the cell. P53 protein is a transcription factor for many cellular proteins involved in cellular transduction. It directly as well as indirectly regulates a wide variety of cellular processes such as apoptosis, senescence, cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and DNA repair and replication and cancer dynamics. Various studies reported genetic level interaction between p53 and TLRs. However, molecular interaction studies are still few reported. In the present work, we computationally characterized molecular interaction between p53 and toll-like receptors. We used open web resources for docking and analyzing the data. Our molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation results suggest that there is a significant interaction between p53 and toll-like receptors. The study could important for the possible therapeutic intervention.
Clinical significance of detection of mononuclear phagocyte subsets in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Qiaozhen Hong , Jifei Zhang , Lingrong He , Qiuming Yu , Hongjuan Yu , Qiaozhen Hong
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of the detection of mononuclear phagocytes subsets in pulmonary sarcoidosis blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). For this purpose, a total of 52 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis were selected as the study group, 52 healthy people served as the “NC Group a” (peripheral blood mononuclear cell control group), 47 patients with chronic cough and no pulmonary sarcoidosis who underwent bronchoscopy were used as “control group b” (alveolar lavage fluid macrophage control group). Fasting peripheral blood and BALF were collected, and flow cytometry was used to detect monocytes and macrophage subpopulations. The monocytes and macrophage subpopulations of the study group were compared before and after treatment. The results showed that the proportion of CD14++CD16- subgroup of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis was lower than that of healthy people (74.21±4.10% vs 84.32±4.76%); The proportion of CD14++CD16+ subgroups of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis was higher than that of healthy people (7.42±4.08% vs 3.95±1.94%); The proportion of CD14+CD16++ subgroups of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis was higher than that of healthy people in the control group, but the difference was not significant. After 2 months of treatment, the proportion of CD14++CD16- subgroups in peripheral blood mononuclear cells increased, and the proportion of CD14++CD16+ subgroups decreased. The proportion of M1 in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis was lower than that in patients with non-pulmonary nodules (24.32±11.36% vs 47.03±13.86%); the proportion of M2 in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis was higher than the proportion of M2 in patients with non-pulmonary nodules (75.40±10.23% vs 52.53±12.01%). After treatment, the proportion of M1 of BALF macrophages in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis was increased (P<0.05), and the proportion of M2 was reduced (P<0.05). In general, detection of changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell subpopulations and BALF macrophage subpopulations in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis has certain clinical significance for the treatment.
Evaluation of CK19 and VEGF gene expression, ki67 antigen, p53 protein, C-erb-B2, and their relationship in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shen Yuchen , Xu Zhongqiang , Liu Miaomiao , Piao Songlin , Li Jichen
Published: February 2022

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the ten most common malignant tumors globally. This study aimed to evaluate the expression changes of Cytokeratin 19 (CK19), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), P53, ki67, and c-ert-B2 in OSCC patients. For this purpose, 30 patients were selected as the case group and 30 healthy individuals as the control group. The expression of CK19 and VEGF genes in their blood serum was measured. Also, the expression of ki67, P53, and c-ert-B2 markers in squamous cell carcinoma was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. T-test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the presence of CK19 marker in people with OSCC was positive in 17 out of 30 patients and VEGF marker in 23 out of 30 patients. The mean of ki67 positive, P53 positive, and Cerb-B2 positive cells were 399.4, 221.4, and 26.8, respectively. The correlation test between the indices showed a statistical correlation between the incidence of ki67 and P53 (r = 91.5% and p = 0.02). While statistical correlation was not seen between the incidence of ki67 and Cerb-B2 index (r = -1.7% and p = 0.97) and P53 and C-erb-B2 index (r = -13% and p = 0.8) (p <0.05). In general, the expression of VEGF and CK19 genes is higher in patients with OSCC than in healthy individuals. Therefore, examining the expression level of these two biomarkers in the blood of OSCC patients can be considered as a diagnostic screening method in the early stages of the disease. The immunohistochemical study of squamous cell carcinoma can also be used as a diagnostic screening test in the early stages of the disease.
Work-Life Balance Among Working Mothers in Malaysia
Authors: Omar Muhamad Khalil , Mohd Idaya Husna , Ahmad Mohamad Fahimi , Dahalan Noor Azura
Published: February 2022

Employees especially working mothers are struggling to accommodate employer’s expectations and fulfilling the demands of their family needs. Achieving work life balance is the dream and hope of almost every working mother. Though many factors affected work life balance, factors like stress management, work culture and employer’s role are believe to be significance variables. A study conducted in the National Sport Council of Malaysia on 100 working mothers reveals the truth of this relationship.
Adaptive constrained control for automotive electronic throttle control system with experimental analysis
Authors: He Youguo , Liu Xin , Wang Dapeng , Yuan Chaochun , Shen Jie
Published: February 2022

This article proposes an adaptive constrained control strategy with state constraints and uncertain parameters for an electronic throttle control (ETC) system. Compared with the current control strategies for an ETC system, state constraints and parameter uncertainties are adequately considered in the proposed control strategy. First, the nonlinear dynamic model for control of an ETC is described. Second, the asymmetric Barrier Lyapunov Function (BLF) and a backstepping control algorithm are used to ensure that the throttle opening does not exceed the constrained boundary. A parameter adaptive law is given to estimate the unknown parameter and external disturbances with an ETC system. Third, the proposed BLF controller is compared with the existing Quadratic Lyapunov Function (QLF) controller by simulation and experiment. The results show that the proposed control algorithm not only ensure fast transient performance in the control response, but also avoid the out of bounds of the throttle opening. The proposed constrained control strategy can provide excellent control performance for an ETC system.
Learning Petri net models from sensor data of conveying systems based on the merging of prefix and postfix trees
Authors: Windmann Stefan
Published: February 2022

Petri nets are a common modeling approach for parallel processes such as transport operations in conveying systems. In industrial applications, the Petri net models are usually created manually, which involves a lot of effort, especially if the modeled systems change frequently. This paper introduces a new learning method to automatically generate Petri nets from sensor data acquired in conveying systems. The underlying approach is to create prefix and postfix trees of possible event sequences and to merge them into a compact graph, which can be transformed into a deterministic Petri net model of the conveying system. Experimental results show that the proposed method produces realistic Petri net models even for conveying systems with ambiguous events.
Regulation of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) gene expression by Stat1-independent type I interferon signaling and respiratory viruses
Authors: Ramana Chilakamarti V. , Das Bikul
Published: February 2022

Respiratory virus infection is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Activation of the Jak-Stat pathway by Interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-α/β) in lung epithelial cells is critical for innate immunity to respiratory viruses. Transcriptional factor profiling in the transcriptome and RNA analysis revealed that Early growth response-1 (EGR1/Egr-1) was rapidly induced by IFN-α/β and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands in multiple cell types. Studies in mutant cell lines lacking components of the interferon-stimulated gene factor complex (ISGF-3) revealed that IFN-β induction of Egr-1 was independent of Stat1, Stat2, or Irf9. Activation of the Mek/Erk-1/2 pathway was implicated in the rapid induction of Egr-1 by IFN-β in serum-starved mouse lung epithelial cells. Interrogation of multiple microarray datasets revealed that respiratory viruses including coronaviruses induced IFN-β and regulated Egr-1 expression in human lung cell lines. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis revealed that type I interferon-stimulated genes and Egr-1 inducible genes including transcription factors, mediators of cell growth, and chemokines were differentially regulated in the human lung cell lines after coronavirus infection, and in the lung biopsies of COVID-19 patients.
Study on manganese volatilization behavior of Fe–Mn–C–Al twinning-induced plasticity steel
Authors: Lan Fang-jie , Zhuang Chang-ling , Li Chang-rong , Chen Jing-bo , Yang Guang-kai , Yao Han-jie
Published: February 2022

In the smelting process of high manganese steel, the volatilization of manganese will be accompanied. In this article, the volatilization of manganese in high manganese steel was studied by simultaneous thermal analyzer. The results show that the volatilization rate of manganese in high manganese steel increases with increasing temperature and holding time. It is proved by experimental study and data analysis that manganese volatilization follows the first-order kinetics model, and the empirical formula of manganese evaporation is derived. The volatile products of manganese were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the volatile components of manganese mainly consisted of MnO, Mn3O4, Mn2O3, and MnO2. Combined with thermodynamics, the mechanism of manganese volatilization is further analyzed, and two forms of manganese volatilization in high manganese steel are revealed. One is that manganese atoms on the surface of high manganese steel and oxygen atoms in the gas form different types of manganese oxides and then volatilize at high temperature. The other way is that Mn atoms vaporize into Mn vapor and evaporate in high temperature environment, and then are oxidized into different types of manganese oxides. The results of theoretical calculation and experiment show that manganese volatilization is mainly in the first form.
Dependence of the microstructure, residual stresses and texture of AA 6013 friction stir welds on the welding proces
Authors: Lima E. B. F. , Wegener J. , Donne C. Dalle , Goerigk G. , Wroblewski T. , Buslaps T. , Pyzalla A. R. , Reimers W.
Published: February 2022

The microstructure, the residual stresses and the texture of friction stir welds of 4 mm thick samples made of a 6013 Al –Mg– Si –Cu alloy in T4 state were investigated in order to study the influence of the friction stir welding process on the material and in order to determine the influence of different welding parameters. The results of the investigations reveal the influence of the process parameters (welding speed, tool diameter and rotational speed) on the weld properties such as the microstructure, the precipitation state, the hardness, the texture and the residual stresses. The formation of the residual stresses and their distribution is explained based on an existing, simple thermal model for the friction stir welding and on a classical model for the formation of the residual stresses in conventional fusion welding.
Thermal loading of steel in molten aluminium
Authors: Tušek J. , Taljat B. , Košnik A. , Klobčar D.
Published: February 2022

A test stand for thermal loading of steels was developed for the simulation of die casting of Al products. Special specimens were made which were subjected to automatic immersion into molten Al and a cooling emulsion (water + graphite). At the inside, the specimens were water-cooled. In the course of repeated cycles, the temperature inside the specimens was measured at two different points. A computer program permitted the calculation of temperature, stress and deformation distributions in the specimens. A comparison of the measured and calculated temperatures is shown for two points in the specimen. After 6000 cycles, the surface and the interior of the specimens were examined. The number, length and depth of cracks were determined. It was found that major damages occurred at the specimen edges. The damages included edge rounding, cracks, and material hardening just beneath the surface.
Nano-scratch testing on thin diamond-like carbon coatings for microactuators: friction, wear and elastic-plastic deformation
Authors: Küster Rolf L. A. , Schiffmann Kirsten I.
Published: February 2022

In micromechanical systems the mechanical and tribological requirements for the materials in use are getting rapidly higher. The aim is to find out the fundamental frictional and wear behavior of thin coatings by using the hitherto knowledge in mechanical characterization of coatings and selective experiments. Nanoindentation and linear oscillating microwear experiments have been performed on micro-actuator components and on thin diamond-like carbon coatings, using diamond tips and loads in the range of some millinewtons. The wear depth and friction coefficients were determined as a function of load and number of wear cycles. New methods of data analysis will be discussed, which allow a separation of the different contributions of wear due to material loss, and elastic and plastic deformation. The friction coefficient shows deviations from Amonton’s law because of the dependence of the contact area on the normal load.
Effects of an external electric field applied during the solution heat treatment of the Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy AA6111
Authors: Conrad Hans , Jung Kang
Published: February 2022

The application of an external dc electric field during the solution heat treatment (SHT) of AA6111 Al alloy increased the as-quenched resistivity ρ and hardness H
v. The increases represented reductions in SHT of 10–20 K required for a constant ρ or H
v. Analysis of the results gave that the field reduced both the enthalpy and entropy of solution. The resulting reduction in Gibbs free energy gave increases of 0.03–0.04 at.% in solubility of Mg2Si (or Al –Mg– Si – (Cu)-vacancy complexes) at 400 –600 °C, amounting to a factor of 33% increase in solubility at 400 °C and 6% at 600 °C.
Microstructure evolution in immiscible alloys during rapid directional solidification
Authors: Zhao J.Z. , He J. , Hu Z.Q. , Ratke L.
Published: February 2022

A model has been developed by taking into account the common action of the nucleation, the diffusional growth, the collisions and coagulations of the minority phase droplets and the spatial phase segregation to describe the microstructure evolution in a rapidly directionally solidified immiscible alloy. Numerical solutions have been performed to investigate the microstructure evolution in a directionally solidified hypermonotectic Al –Pb alloy. It has been shown that an undercooled region appears in front of the solid/liquid interface and the liquid –liquid decomposition takes place there. If the solidification velocity is high enough, a steady state of solidification can be established and a fine dispersion of minority phase particles in a hypermonotectic alloy can be obtained.
The creep performance of a sand-cast Mg–2.8 Nd–0.8 Zn–0.5 Zr–0.3 Gd alloy at 241 to 262°C
Authors: Bell A. , Srivastava V. , Greenwood G. W. , Jones H.
Published: February 2022

Secondary creep rates of sand-cast Mg–2.8 Nd–0.8 Zn–0.5 Zr –0.3 Gd (wt.%) alloy at 242.5 ± 1.5 °C and 40 to 90 MPa applied tensile stress are shown to be a factor of ~ 24 smaller than reported earlier for chill-cast Mg–2.4 Nd–0.4 Zn–0.3Mn at 240 °C. The relative contributions of grain/cell size and of alloying in achieving this improved creep resistance are discussed. Additionally, preliminary results at 248 and 262 °C indicate an activation energy for creep somewhat larger than that for the earlier alloy at 150 to 240 °C and that for lattice self-diffusion in magnesium.
Punch-shear tests and size effects for evaluating the shear strength of machinable ceramics
Authors: Bao Yiwang , Zhang Haibin , Zhou Yanchun
Published: February 2022

Various sample thicknesses and punch diameters were used in punch-shear tests for investigating the size effects in evaluating the shear strength of machinable ceramics. The ratio of the sample thickness to the punch diameter was defined as the relative thickness that strongly affects the measured shear strength in a certain range. It was found that there was a threshold value in the relative thicknesses (~ 0.1 for Ti3AlC2 and ~ 0.13 for Ti3SiC2) above which the measured shear strength increased linearly with increasing thickness. The threshold provided a thickness-requirement for valid punch-shear tests, and stable shear strength was obtained under this requirement using 3 mm and 1.8 mm punch diameters, respectively. Experiments using various loading rates suggested that the shear strength measured by the punch-shear test was almost immune from the loading rates. The mechanism of the size effects was analysed through optical and SEM observations.
Study of Ti–Si in situ composite processing by multi-stage eutectic solidification
Authors: Mazur Alexander V. , Gasik Michael M. , Mazur Vladislav I.
Published: February 2022

A titanium composite alloy (Ti –Al –Si – Zr) manufacturing process using eutectic solidification was studied by simultaneous thermal analysis up to 1480 °C. Phase transformations predicted by sections of the phase stability diagram (ThermoCalc optimisation) have been observed. The structure of the alloy was also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light optical microscopy (LOM) and X-ray microanalysis. Several patterns, unexplained on the basis of the stable phase diagrams of the system, are revealed to be associated with metastable phase transformations. The results can be used for a determination of composite applications and the optimisation of its casting technology.
Grain growth kinetics in 2D polycrystals: impact of triple junctions
Authors: Novikov Vladimir Yu.
Published: February 2022

Grain growth in random and textured 2D polycrystals is modeled under the supposition that all the triple junctions possess limited mobility. In the random polycrystal, the growth kinetics is at first linear and becomes parabolic at later stages if both the triple-junction mobility and the initial grain size are low. The experimental data on triple-junction mobility are used to show that such an effect could be observed in nanocrystalline materials. In the textured polycrystal, triple junctions with limited mobility are found to shift the evolution of the growth process toward abnormal grain growth.
Thermal stability of polycrystalline nanowires
Authors: Klinger Leonid , Rabkin Eugen
Published: February 2022

The equilibrium shape of a polycrystalline cylindrical nanowire with bamboo microstructure is determined. It is shown that for a certain ratio of grain boundary and surface energies a critical grain length exists above which the integrity of a nanowire cannot be preserved. Numerical calculations of the kinetics of nanowire shape evolution controlled by surface diffusion are performed. It is shown that the rate of thinning of unstable nanowires in the region of grain boundaries diverges as a break-up event is approached.
Room-temperature grain boundary diffusion data measured from historical artifacts
Authors: Kremer Raymond J. , Dayananda Mysore A. , King Alexander H.
Published: February 2022

Diffusion processes in typical metals are considered to be slow at room temperature but there are many applications for which very long-term use is envisaged and stability needs to be assured over a timescale of 10 000 years, where even slow processes can be important. It is clearly impractical to make diffusion measurements under controlled conditions for this length of time, so it is common to perform accelerated tests at higher temperatures and extrapolate the necessary information from the measurements so obtained. We have tested the validity of this type of extrapolation for room-temperature, grain boundary diffusion in the copper –silver system, by measuring low-temperature diffusion profiles in antique samples of Sheffield Plate. We present experimental measurements and analysis, along with a comparison to modern diffusivity data extrapolated in the usual manner.
Grain boundary segregation and fracture
Authors: Faulkner R. G.
Published: February 2022

This paper describes a combined thermodynamic and micro-mechanical model for the propagation of a grain boundary crack through a solid in which stress concentrations ahead of the crack and plastic deformation around the crack tip are considered. It is shown that critical factors are impurity segregation concentration, grain boundary structure, reflected in the Σ value of the boundary, and temperature. Comparisons of the model predictions are made with other models of grain boundary binding by Sutton. Additionally, the model predictions are compared with several experimental observations of grain boundary fracture strength. It is shown that ductile to brittle transition temperature data for steels are a valuable source of experimental grain boundary fracture information for this important range of commercial materials.
Quantitative evaluation of nanoindents: Do we need more reliable mechanical parameters for the characterization of materials?
Authors: Naimi-Jamal M. R. , Kaupp G.
Published: February 2022

Various sources of errors in the standard procedure according to the ISO 14577 draft for the iteration of elastic modulus and hardness of solid materials, with reference to fused quartz with its particular and unique indentation response, are pointed out on the basis of practical examples. Similar objections exist towards the use of the S
2
F
N
– 1 parameter, where S is the stiffness and F
N is the normal force. It is suggested to use unambiguous mechanic characterization (at least additionally) by quantitative analysis of the loading curves in nanoindentations. These exhibit a general dependence between normal force and (displacement)3/2, the proportionality constant k being a non-iterated nanoindentation coefficient with dimension [force/length3/2] and unit [μN/nm3/2] that depends on the indenter tip geometry (pyramidal or conospherical) and is a characteristic material’s property. The validity has been demonstrated for virtually all types of materials (metals, semimetals, oxides, salts, organic molecular crystals, polymers) independent of their different bonding states. Pressure-induced phase transitions are detected by kinks in the linear plots for the loading curves well in the nanoindentation region. Crystalline materials, such as strontium titanate, exhibit far-reaching anisotropic effects along lattice axes that would strongly forbid the reference to an amorphous standard. The nanoindentation coefficient characterizes the different polymorphs and the face anisotropies. Another unambiguous mechanical characterization is given by the full work of indentation (as differentiated from the less secure plastic work of indentation). It also characterizes the face anisotropies with high precision for a given indenter as it is found proportional to (normal force)3/2, which allows for useful extrapolations.
On the pressure dependence of the indentation modulus
Authors: Wolf B. , Göken M.
Published: February 2022

The influence of the pressure distribution beneath a spherical indenter onto the resulting penetration depth and consequently its impact onto the derived apparent indentation modulus has been modelled theoretically. It turns out that the pressure distribution has the same effect as a constant hydrostatic pressure of one half of the contact pressure within the entire sample. The effect is particularly important in situations of high contact pressure as during elastic indentation loading before the occurrence of the first popin. Furthermore, for all materials with a high ratio between hardness and elastic modulus the indentation modulus should differ from the “zero-pressure elastic modulus” in an experimentally verifiable way. A quantitative assessment delivers a possible increase up to 15 %.