bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonmutational compensation of the fitness cost of antibiotic resistance in mycobacteria by overexpression of tlyA rRNA methylase
Authors: Freihofer Pietro , Akbergenov Rashid , Teo Youjin , Juskeviciene Reda , Andersson Dan I. , Böttger Erik C.
Published: October 2016

Several studies over the last few decades have shown that antibiotic resistance mechanisms frequently confer a fitness cost and that these costs can be genetically ameliorated by intra- or extragenic second-site mutations, often without loss of resistance. Another, much less studied potential mechanism by which the fitness cost of antibiotic resistance could be reduced is via a regulatory response where the deleterious effect of the resistance mechanism is lowered by a physiological alteration that buffers the mutational effect. In mycobacteria, resistance to the clinically used tuberactinomycin antibiotic capreomycin involves loss-of-function mutations in rRNA methylase TlyA or point mutations in 16S rRNA (in particular the A1408G mutation). Both of these alterations result in resistance by reducing drug binding to the ribosome. Here we show that alterations of tlyA gene expression affect both antibiotic drug susceptibility and fitness cost of drug resistance. In particular, we demonstrate that the common resistance mutation A1408G is accompanied by a physiological change that involves increased expression of the tlyA gene. This gene encodes an enzyme that methylates neighboring 16S rRNA position C1409, and as a result of increased TlyA expression the fitness cost of the A1408G mutation is significantly reduced. Our findings suggest that in mycobacteria, a nonmutational mechanism (i.e., gene regulatory) can restore fitness to genetically resistant bacteria. Our results also point to a new and clinically relevant treatment strategy to combat evolution of resistance in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Thus, by utilizing antagonistic antibiotic interactions, resistance evolution could be reduced.
Validation of syngeneic mouse models of melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer for investigating the anticancer effects of the soy-derived peptide Lunasin
Authors: Devapatla Bharat , Shidal Chris , Yaddanapudi Kavitha , Davis Keith R.
Published: October 2016

Background: Lunasin is a naturally occurring peptide present in soybean that has both chemopreventive and therapeutic activities that can prevent cellular transformation and inhibit the growth of several human cancer types. Recent studies indicate that Lunasin has several distinct potential modes of action including suppressing integrin signaling and epigenetic effects driven by modulation of histone acetylation. In addition to direct effects on cancer cells, Lunasin also has effects on innate immunity that may contribute to its ability to inhibit tumor growth in vivo.

Methods: Standard assays for cell proliferation and colony formation were used to assess Lunasin’s in vitro activity against murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and B16-F0 melanoma cells.  Lunasin’s in vivo activity was assessed by comparing the growth of tumors initiated by subcutaneous implantation of LLC or B16-F0 cells in Lunasin-treated and untreated C57BL/6 mice.

Results: Lunasin was found to inhibit growth of murine LLC cells and murine B16-F0 melanoma cells in vitro and in wild-type C57BL/6 mice.  The effects of Lunasin in these two mouse models were very similar to those previously observed in studies of human non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma cell lines.

Conclusions: We have now validated two established syngeneic mouse models as being responsive to Lunasin treatment.  The validation of these two in vivo syngeneic models will allow detailed studies on the combined therapeutic and immune effects of Lunasin in a fully immunocompetent mouse model.
IMPROVING THE INSTRUMENTS OF A REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM
Authors: Тузкова Диана , Tuzkova Diana
Published: October 2016

The article provides an analysis of existing mechanisms for assessing the level of scientific and technological potential of science cities (naukograds). Existing criteria do not reflect the real level of potential because they have a generic character, and proposed system of comparisons (with respect to the world level) is not sufficiently clear. In addition, existing methods do not reflect the essence of potential of science cities. They allow to evaluate only the most effective aspect of the municipality activities or rely only on quantitative parameters, which do not take into account the peculiarities of the organization of management in science cities. In this regard, we have developed an estimation methodology, which allows to estimate the contribution of science cities in the regional innovation system, and on this basis to determine the science cities as its basic elements. It seems that the assessment of scientific and technological potential of science city should be performed by the expert evaluation method by the survey. For this purpose, scaling of development level is made; a model questionnaire to interview experts is developed. Based on the developed methodology, the level of scientific and technical potential of a science city by the example of Zhukovsky in Moscow region is assessed. The influence of various factors through quantitative assessment is analyzed. The survey findings show that the development level of Zhukovsky can be assessed as medium in the presence of the necessary resources for its development. The use of this methodology has allowed to make a qualitative assessment of the potential taking into account social, occupational, educational and other factors and the level of intra-urban co-operation and contribution of science city to the region development. The methodology also identifies areas that need for more attention to preserve and enhance their contribution to the already existing potential. The article presents recommendations for using the methodology as a tool to assess the potential of a regional innovation system. This methodology may also be used to assess the capacity of other municipalities that claim the status of Russian science city (naukograd).
MANAGING MOSCOW MULTIFUNCTIONAL SERVICE CENTERS: STATISTICAL APPROACH
Authors: Лавренченко Сергей , Lavrenchenko Sergey , Згонник Людмила , Zgonnik Lyudmila , Гладская Инна , Gladskaya Inna
Published: October 2016

The article presents a statistical approach to the service management. This approach is based on the use of the exponential probability distribution in service models and is demonstrated on the examples of multifunctional service centers.

The authors offer a method for setting the maximum limit for the waiting time in a queue to be served, which is interpreted in statistical terms as the failsafe (by level) quantile of waiting time. Given the average waiting time, a formula for specifying the maximum limit for the waiting time considering an allowable percentage of customers, who will have to wait longer than the maximum waiting time, is given. The formula reads as follows: the maximum limit for the waiting time is equal to the average waiting time multiplied by the modulus of natural logarithms of the failure level F, where F is equal to the anticipated share of customers who will have to wait longer than the time set by the manager as the maximum waiting time or, in other words, F⋅⋅ 100% is the percentage of failures. For advertising the efficiency, the manager is interested in setting the minimum allowable maximum waiting time; this time corresponds to a maximum allowable failure level F. Software for computing the maximum limit for the waiting time is offered. As a byproduct, an interesting result is obtained: In any queue, 37% of customers wait longer than the average waiting time to be served while 39% of customers wait shorter than half of the average waiting time.

In summary, the main time-related quality indicator of service is the average waiting time in a queue. This indicator is equal to the ratio of two characteristics: the maximum limit for the waiting time / the absolute value of the natural logarithm of the share of failures in the total number of customers, that is, the proportion of customers who will have to wait longer than the time declared as the maximum waiting time.
IMPROVING THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE STATE BODIES IN CONTROL AND SUPERVISION OF HEALTHCARE
Authors: Шубцова Людмила , SHubtsova Lyudmila
Published: October 2016

The work shows the importance of rational and efficient assessment of control and supervision in health care for society as a whole and for its individual members. Health care is part of the system that shapes the quality of life of the population, influences the development of human potential, economic performance, on the adoption and diffusion of innovations in Russia. Control and supervision in public administration reform received much attention. The Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation has developed a methodology for assessing and comparing the activities of Supervisory authorities. However, there is a need for not only implementation of the standardized approach in assessing but taking into account the specific features of activity of Supervisory authorities.

The article presents the system of socially significant indicators for assessing the activities of Roszdravnadzor and its territorial offices in the RF entities. Currently the authority spends a lot of tests (about 10 thousand per year), however, the effectiveness of control and supervision is low. The health of the population remains low, satisfaction with public health services is reduced. Researching foreign experience of health systems development in countries with socially oriented economy allows to draw a conclusion about the necessity of building a qualitatively new assessment system of control and supervision, which should be based on the interests of society. The author proposes to depart from the principle of "check for validation" and change over to socially significant indicators for the government activities. The article highlights such indicators for healthcare and proposes their decomposition for fractional quantitative and qualitative assessment of activities. This system of indicators is aimed at improving the efficiency of public health care management and growth of the citizens’ health and their quality of life in a whole. The work is performed in as part of research of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation by order of the Government of the Russian Federation.
THE STATE EMPLOYMENT REGULATION MECHANISMS
Authors: Белохвостова Наталья , Belokhvostova Natalya
Published: October 2016

The work defines goals and objectives of state employment policy at the present stage of economic development characterized by crisis phenomena. The author presents main types of state employment policy and identifies main characteristics and the content of active, passive and moderately passive policy types. The author also carries out the systematization of bodies’ activity of state employment management and highlights the main directions of state employment policy. The article shows the features of the distribution of powers and functions among the employment bodies at Federal, regional and municipal levels. The state employment regulation mechanism is characterized from the point of view of application of different management methods. Economic, organizational, administrative and legislative methods to regulate the employment in a crisis have to adapt to the new conditions. There is a need for improving existing regulatory mechanisms of the labour market and for the development of new ones that meet constantly changing conditions. State involvement should be reflected in the extension of the tools of active employment promotion policy. Special attention should be given to the development of regional target programs to support industry, social protection of the population in the sphere of counteraction to mass redundancies and to ensure sound management of the processes of re-training, reduction of long-term unemployment, the increasing unemployment payouts, and, of course, support small business. This article presents the dynamics of unemployment and the budgetary appropriation for the employment regulation in 2015, which allows to make a conclusion about insufficiency of financing of this direction of state activity and the need to identify hidden reserves to increase the efficiency of the employment management mechanism.
Attitude of Psychiatrists towards homosexuality in India: A survey based cross-sectional study
Authors: Reddy Srikanth , Reddy Pooja , Quadri Meraj , Ohri Nishant , Desai Samir , Vankar Ganpat
Published: October 2016

Aim of the study

Study was planned to assess the attitudes of psychiatrists in India towards homosexuality.

Subject or material and methods

An informed consent form and a semi structured proforma were sent online to 3,348 psychiatrists across India. Multiple questions pertaining to the age, gender, religion, place of practice, work area, comfort in seeing homosexual patients and comfort in referring patients to a homosexual colleague were enquired from the consenting psychiatrists. Following which all the participants were asked to fill up the Heterosexual Attitude Towards Homosexuality (HATH) scale. Data so obtained was statistically analyzed.

Results

In all, 190 psychiatrists consented and submitted the completed forms. The mean age of the respondents was 42.9 ± 11.8 and the male female ratio was 3.8. Most of the psychiatrists (n=105) reported that they see around 1-10 homosexual patients per year and 95.26% reported that they were comfortable doing so. Most of the psychiatrists (83.15%) were comfortable in referring a patient to a colleague knowing that he/she is a homosexual. The mean HATH score was 59.3 ± 4.6 and there was no significant difference across gender, age, place of practice and profile of practice.

Discussion

The attitude of psychiatrists in India towards homosexuality is neutral and doesn’t vary across age, gender, place of practice and profile of practice. They are mostly comfortable handling homosexual patients and referring patients to homosexual colleagues.

Conclusions

Psychiatrists in India bear a neutral attitude towards homosexuality.
Assessment of the needs and clinical parameters in patients with mental disorders residing in forensic psychiatry wards with varying degrees of security.
Authors: Trizna Mikołaj , Adamowski Tomasz
Published: October 2016

Aim of the study

The aim of the study was to compare patients treated in court psychiatric wards with both low and medium security in terms of the needs, the severity of psychopathological symptoms, subjective assessment of quality of life and satisfaction with treatment.

Subject or material and methods

The research was conducted at the Regional Mental Hospital in Lubiąż. The study involve patients interned at two Low Security Forensic Psychiatric Wards (n=50) and one Medium Security Forensic Ward (n=43). The study included 93 male patients. The study used the following research tools: Camberwell Needs Assessment Scale for Forensic Patients (CANFOR), sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire, BPRS, CAT, MANSA.

Results

Patients at the medium security ward reported greater overall needs (mean 3,86 vs. 2,96, p= 0,037) and a greater number of unmet needs (mean 1,51 vs. 0,80, p=0,009) . Overall severity of psychopathology (mean 2,41 vs. 1,93 p<0,001), including deficits and positive symptoms, was higher among patients of the low security ward.

Discussion

Results proves that medical care in the wards with low and medium security is at a similar level. Qualification of people sent to medium security wards does not depend on their mental health but on the nature of the act they had committed, which in this case is more serious than for those directed to low security wards.

Conclusions

The services provided in the forensic psychiatric wards, and especially in the group of patients in medium security wards, do not sufficiently met the needs of patients.
FROM EDITORS
Authors: Cyranka Katarzyna
Published: October 2016

Within the recent years APP has developed as well recognised international journal, enabling wide exchange of knowledge, information and experiences concerning transcultural aspects of psychopathology as well as psychiatric and psychotherapeutic practice. For this reason we have decided to renew the publication of short information FROM EDITORS. We hope that this will create space not only to exchange information about editorial issues, but also that it could be a forum to steer broader reflection and discussion concerning the content of the published papers.
In the past years many of them, like in this issue the paper on SHAI Polish translation and evaluation, have concerned the application of various research tools in different sociocultural conditions [1-6]. We invite you to reflect on the methodological benefits, challenges and difficulties of such scientific procedures.
As we are proud the APP has been included into ESCI Web of Science, we are awaiting the Impact Factor, which depends on the number of citations. We would like to encourage you to use the APP plenitude of sources as an inspiration while preparing your own publications.
Evidence-based management of melasma: contributing factors and treatment options
Authors: Lavers Isabel
Published: October 2016

Melasma, a skin condition of adults in which light to dark brown or greyish patches of pigmentation develop mainly on facial skin, is one of the most common pigmentary disorders seen by health professionals. The condition is more common in women, especially those with darker skin types, than in men; however, one in four men with darker skin types can be affected. Treating melasma poses challenges for health professionals due to its multifactorial pathology. Even though melasma is a widely recognised cause of significant psychological distress, there is a lack of systematic and clinically usable treatment algorithms and guidelines for melasma management.

This article explores the causes of epidemiology of melasma and explains recommended treatments. Aesthetic practitioners are well placed to offer patient education and provide corrective treatments, including topical solutions, sun protection, chemical peels and laser procedures.
Manual and electronic microneedling: treatment outcomes and protocols
Authors: Zanna Nikki
Published: October 2016

Microneedling is an evolving treatment technique for an expanding number of dermatologic conditions, and there is an increasing evidence base for its efficacy and safety. There are a number of manual and automated devices available with several associated advantages and disadvantages, which have been outlined in this article. Microneedling is a relatively simple, inexpensive and non-invasive treatment that can result in positive outcomes for carefully selected patients. It is imperative that aesthetic practitioners have a thorough understanding of the process of collagenesis and adopt effective treatment protocols to achieve the best possible results. This article explores the indications, contraindications, risks, benefits and suggested treatment protocols for microneedling, drawing on the author's experience.
Full-body laser hair removal: assessment and effective treatment of an 18-year-old
Authors: Millar-Hume Lucy
Published: October 2016

This article discusses a review of outcomes following laser hair removal to the face and body of an 18-year-old woman. Treatment was delivered over a period of 1 year. None of the treatments were carried out by the author; however, she was asked to review the case retrospectively as the patient was unhappy with her results. The patient's review was conducted 5 months after the completion of a course of eight sessions, using a class IV medical laser. The review highlighted a number of important factors that needed to be considered to assess and treat the patient effectively.
Getting your marketing campaign calendar ready for autumn and winter
Authors: Ratcliffe Jason
Published: October 2016

As the sun sets on summer, aesthetic clinics will be gearing up a busy period of business. In the latter two seasons of the year, there are plenty of opportunities to target potential customers who are looking to enhance their appearance for personal and professional events. Jason Ratcliffe reveals how aesthetic practitioners can reach prospective clients in the lead up to the party season
Too much data, no information
Authors: Hobbs Giselle
Published: October 2016

In an era of big data, we can easily lose our way navigating the wealth of information we collect. Assistant principal Giselle Hobbs decided to go back to basics with her school's new approach to data
Getting your body language right
Authors: Riches Adam
Published: October 2016

What does your body language say to your students? Adam Riches discusses how you can give your teaching a helping hand by focusing on your body language
Creating and using comment banks
Authors: Webb Helen
Published: October 2016

Continuing her series on effective pupil feedback, Helen Webb looks now at using comment banks to provide students with better quality feedback while also reducing teacher workload
How to manage pain in the dental patient
Authors: Bloor Claire
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Pain in dental and oral surgery patients is of great concern to veterinary practitioners as there is an excellent nervous supply to the pulps of all teeth, as well as the supporting hard and soft tissues. Surgery involving these tissues, as with any other tissues in the body, will inevitably stimulate and activate the pain pathways, which can lead to sensitisation, hyperalgesia, secondary hyperalgesia and delayed wound healing to name but a few of the negative consequences of pain. It is the responsibility of all veterinary professionals to recognise when an animal is in pain, or when pain is likely to be caused, and formulate an appropriate pain management plan which is carefully implemented and evaluated. This article will recap the pathophysiology of pain and consider the concepts of pre-emptive and multimodal analgesia, before outlining some of the pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions available for pain management in dental patients.
Searching for Symbolic Value of Cattle: Tropical Livestock Units, Market Price, and Cultural Value of Maasai Livestock
Authors: Quinlan Robert J. , Rumas Isaya , Naiskye Godfrey , Quinlan Marsha , Yoder Jonathan
Published: October 2016

We examine metabolic, market, and symbolic values of livestock relative to cultural “positioning” by gender, marriage, and household production among Maasai people in Simanjiro, Tanzania to assess local “proximate currencies” relevant for “cultural success.” Data from mixed methods ethnographic research include qualitative interviews since 2012, observation of 85 livestock market sales in 2013 and 2015, and 37 short key informant interviews in 2015. We examine fit between market values, Tropical Livestock Units (TLU, weight-based species exchange ratio), and perceived value from interviews for moran (unmarried men), muruo (married men), and tɔmɔnɔ́k (married women). Hedonic regression using livestock species, sex, maturity, and size accounted for 90% of the local market price of livestock. We compared the market-based exchange ratio between cattle and smallstock (sheep and goats) to TLU and perceived values situating symbolic value of cattle in terms of Maasai household production schema. One TLU model accurately predicted market exchange ratios, while another predicted hypothetical exchanges, suggesting need for improved livestock wealth estimation for pastoralists. Ritual context, subsistence work, and cultural position influenced perceived values: Moran overvalued cattle by 100% of the local market value. Tɔmɔnɔ́k accurately perceived the market exchange ratio despite never directly engaging in livestock market transactions. Muruo perceived exchange ratios intermediate between moran and tɔmɔnɔ́k. We argue that these perceptions of value reflect distinct labor responsibilities of moran, muruo, and tɔmɔnɔ́k in livestock management, differential value of bridewealth, and control of meat and milk.Attention to value of different livestock species in cultural models of production may prove useful for development efforts.
A quantum theory of spacetime in spinor formalism and the physical reality of cross-ratio representation: the equation of density parameters of dark energy, matter, and ordinary matter is derived: ΩM2 = 4 Ωb ΩΛ
Authors: Liu Jackie C.H.
Published: October 2016

By theorizing the physical reality through the deformation of an arbitrary cross-ratio, we leverage Galois differential theory to describe the dynamics of isomonodromic integratable system. We found a new description of curvature of spacetime by the equivalency of isomonodromic integratable system and Penrose’s spinor formalism of general relativity. Using such description, we hypothetically quantize the curvature of spacetime (gravity) and apply to the problem of the evolution of the universe. The Friedmann equation is recovered and compared so that the mathematical relationship among dark energy, matter (dark matter + ordinary matter), and ordinary matter,

Ω
M

2

≃
4

Ω
b

Ω
Λ

, is derived; the actual observed results are compared to this equation (calculated Ω
M
= 0.33 vs. observed Ω
M
= 0.31); the model might explain the origin of dark energy and dark matter of the evolution of the universe.
Correlation between thumb length on handgrip strength, hand dexterity and musculoskeletal problem among dental professional
Authors: Francis Tilak , Anandhi Siva
Published: October 2016

Objective: The  key  factor  for  potency  of  the  teeth  is  their  muscular  strength.  The dominant  hand  plays  an  important  role  in  most  of  the  daily  muscular  activities  involving  dental  procedure.  There  are  many  factors,  which  may  affect  the  grip strength,  and  very  few  studies  especially  in  India  have  shown  their  correlation with  grip  strength. Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) are an important occupational health problem affecting dental practitioners. This study assessed the prevalence of WRMSD in dental interns in relation to the thumb length and hand grip strength. Material and Methods: Thumb  length  template,  jammer  dynamometer,  nine-hole  peg board,  and RULA   assessment. Methods: Thumb  length  was measured  by  thumb  length template.  Grip  strength was measured  by  jammer  dynamometer, unilateral  hand  finger  dexterity was measured  by  nine-hole  pegboard,  and  work  related  musculoskeletal  disorder  was assessed  by  RULA. Results: Thumb  length was  positively   correlated  with  grip  strength  and  work related  musculoskeletal  disorder.  Thumb  length  was  negatively  correlated  with unilateral  hand  finger  dexterity  among  dental  professionals. Conclusion: Thumb  length  is  a  better  predictor  for  measuring  hand  grip strength   and   work related musculoskeletal   disorder,   than    unilateral   hand   finger dexterity.

Keywords

Dental professional; Hand grip strength; Thumb length; Unilateral hand finger dexterity; Work related musculoskeletal disorder.                                            
The effect of shade and curing mode on cure efficiency of dual-cure resin cements
Authors: Oliveira Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles , Rocha Mateus Garcia , Souza-Júnior Eduardo José , Rocha-Maia Rodrigo , Puppin-Rontani Regina Maria , Sinhoreti Mario Alexandre Coelho
Published: October 2016

Objective: To evaluate the effect of shade and curing mode on cure efficiency of two dual-cure resin cements. Material and Methods: Two shades (A2 and TRANS) of two different dual-cure resin cements (G-CEM, GC Dental and SET PP, SDI) were submitted to different curing modes: light curing through a 2 mm thick ceramic disc (IPS Empress Esthetic, A2, Ivoclar Vivadent) for 20 s (16 J/cm2), 40 s (32 J/cm2) or 80 s (64 J/cm2) performed immediately or with 1 or 5 min of delay. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) after 48 h. For the statistical analysis, data were submitted to three-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons (p=0.05). Results: Shade influenced DC (%) for the dual-cure resin cements tested (p=0.00001). TRANS shade showed lower DC (%) for both cements when there was no delay before light-curing (p=0.00001). Curing mode also influenced DC (%) for the dual-cure resin cements tested: radiant exposure greater than 32 J/cm2 and delaying light-curing for 1 to 5 min increased the DC (%) for both dual-cure resin cements evaluated. Conclusions: One min delay prior to light curing improved the cure efficiency and may be a more clinically acceptable approach to increase the degree of conversion of dual-cure resin cements.
Lagrange–Galerkin methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations: a review
Authors: Bermejo Rodolfo , Saavedra Laura
Published: October 2016

We review in this paper the development of Lagrange-Galerkin (LG) methods to integrate the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations (NSEs) for engineering applications. These methods were introduced in the computational fluid dynamics community in the early eighties of the past century, and at that time they were considered good methods for both their theoretical stability properties and the way of dealing with the nonlinear terms of the equations; however, the numerical experience gained with the application of LG methods to different problems has identified drawbacks of them, such as the calculation of specific integrals that arise in their formulation and the calculation of the ow trajectories, which somehow have hampered the applicability of LG methods. In this paper, we focus on these issues and summarize the convergence results of LG methods; furthermore, we shall briefly introduce a new stabilized LG method suitable for high Reynolds numbers.
Two conservative multi-tracer efficient semi-Lagrangian schemes for multiple processor systems integrated in a spectral element (climate) dynamical core
Authors: Erath Christoph , Taylor Mark A. , Nair Ramachandran D.
Published: October 2016

In today’s atmospheric numerical modeling, scalable and highly accurate numerical schemes are of particular interest. To address these issues Galerkin schemes, such as the spectral element method, have received more attention in the last decade. They also provide other state-of-the-art capabilities such as improved conservation. However, the tracer transport of hundreds of tracers, e.g., in the chemistry version of the Community Atmosphere Model, is still a performance bottleneck. Therefore, we consider two conservative semi-Lagrangian schemes. Both are designed to be multi-tracer efficient, third order accurate, and allow significantly longer time steps than explicit Eulerian formulations. We address the difficulties arising on the cubed-sphere projection and on parallel computers and show the high scalability of our approach. Additionally, we use the two schemes for the transport of passive tracers in a dynamical core and compare our results with a current spectral element tracer transport advection used by the High-Order Method Modeling Environment.
The occurrence of epigeic lichens in different habitats around the Siemianowka Lagoon in the Upper Narew Valley
Authors: Matwiejuk Anna
Published: October 2016

This study examines the occurrence of epigeic lichens on study plots located within different types of habitat near the Siemianowka retention reservoir in the Upper Narew Valley. The outcome of this research is a better understanding of epigeic lichens and the problems associated with their distribution and conservation.

The investigation of the less common and hence more interesting taxa found within the study area was based on species composition analyses of lichens in different habitats, the degree of recognition in North Eastern Poland and their conservation status as well as threats within the country. A total of 48 lichen species, mainly from the genus of Cladonia, were identified, which is a typical number for these types of habitat. 19% of the species growing on soil are classified as threatened and some of them have been recorded only within this study area. In total, 15 lichen species are under the strict or partial protection.
Assessing the usefulness of accounting measures for examining profitability of the State Forests’ National Forest Holding
Authors: Ankudo-Jankowska Anna , Glura Jakub
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyse the profitability of the State Forests by using accounting measures and to determine their practical applicability for evaluating the State Forests’ activities covering the years 2008-2012. In our assessment, we used the ratios: return on assets, return on equity and return on sales, which were calculated for the four following levels of financial result: operating result and economic activity result, gross profit and net profit. The degree of variability of the analysed ratios was determined for the years 2008-2012. On the basis of our survey, the State Forests’ activities were found to be profitable. The ratios return on assets, sales and equity show only slight variation depending on the applied category of financial results. Furthermore, this study confirms that there is a high degree of variation over time. In the years 2008-2012, the profitability ranged from 2% to 13% with the highest profit having been reached in 2011. We conclude that for the State Forests’ activity assessment, the profitability ratios established for the category of operating results will be of great significance.
Supramolecular chemistry at interfaces: host-guest interactions for attaching PEG and 5-fluorouracil to the surface of porous nanosilica
Authors: Tran Tuong Vi , Vo Uyen Vy , Pham Dong Yen , Tran Dai Lam , Nguyen Thi Hiep , Tran Ngoc Quyen , Nguyen Cuu Khoa , Thu Le Van , Nguyen Dai Hai
Published: October 2016

Porous nanosilica (PNS) has been attracting much attention in fabrication of nanocarriers for a drug delivery system (DDS). However, the unmodified PNS-based carriers exhibited a significant initial burst release of drug, which may limit their potential clinical application. In this study, PNS was surface conjugated with cyclodextrin (CD) which was functionalized with adamantylamine-polyethylene glycol (APEG) for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) delivery, in which case CD was used due to its ability to form a stable inclusion complex with 5-FU and APEG. The conjugated PNS (PNSC@APEG) was successfully prepared with spherical shape and diameter around 50 nm, determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, 5-FU was efficiently trapped in PNSC@APEG particles, which were around 63.4%±3.8% and was slowly released up to 3 days in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Furthermore, the cell proliferation kit I (MTT) assay data showed that PNSC@APEG was a biocompatible nanocarrier. These results indicated that PNSC@APEG nanoparticles have a great potential as novel carriers for anticancer drug delivery.
Novel 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2′,1′:2,3]thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine derivatives
Authors: Hou Xixi , Yang Jianxue , Mao Linlin , Lou Caoxuan , Mao Longfei
Published: October 2016

Starting with 4-piperidone, new 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2′,1′:2,3]thiazolo [5,4-c]pyridines were synthesized. Structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and elemental analysis.
Effects of a Songahm taekwondo tournament on vertical jump and technical-tactical performance in athletes of the Brazilian national team
Authors: Detanico Daniele , Librizzi Nicole Vitório , Athayde Marina Saldanha Da Silva
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The study aimed to verify the effects of a simulated taekwondo tournament on vertical jump as well as technical and tactical performance in athletes of the Brazilian national team.

Methods

The study involved 10 male Songahm taekwondo athletes. They took part in a simulated tournament in sparring modality, comprising four 2-minute fights with different opponents. Before and after each fight, the athletes performed the Sargent Jump Test and were asked to indicate the rate of the perceived exertion (RPE). In addition, the fights were recorded and some technical and tactical variables were analysed, namely the number of kicks, effectiveness, and technical variety. The analysis of variance for repeated measures with the Bonferroni post hoc test was used, with the significance level set at p < 0.05.

Results

No significant differences in the jump height were observed throughout the fights (p = 0.22, trivial effect). The RPE increased over the fights (p < 0.01, large effect); however, no significant differences were obtained after each fight (p > 0.05, trivial effect). All technical and tactical variables remained unchanged over the fights (p > 0.05, trivial-to-small effect).

Conclusions

The simulated taekwondo tournament had no effect on vertical jump or technical and tactical performance throughout the fights. The athletes were able to recover the effort perception before each new fight.
The parental role in adolescent screen related sedentary behavior
Authors: Bounova Anastasia , Michalopoulou Maria , Agelousis Nikolaos , Kourtessis Thomas , Gourgoulis Vassilios
Published: October 2016

Background:

Adolescents spend an increasing amount of their time engaged in screen using activities. The present study aimed at identifying parental factors associated with screen time among Greek adolescents.

Methods:

A sample of 1141 adolescents, as well as their parents, participated in this survey. Adolescents were asked to complete a questionnaire about time spent on screen-viewing behaviors. Respectively, parents completed a questionnaire concerning family predictors. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine correlates of adolescent screen-viewing with family predictors.

Results:

The mean screen time per weekday was 193 min. Adolescents, whose parents had received up to secondary school education, spend more time in screen-viewing compared with the other groups. Controlling adolescents’ gender and age, all the family variables (perceived rules, parental modeling, parents’ screen related sedentary behavior, parental concern for screen viewing, support for physical activity, parental education) were statistically significant in predicting adolescent screen time with Perceived Rules recording a higher negative beta value (β=−0.18, p<0.00).

Conclusion:

Perceived parental screen time rules play a role in the amount of screen time among adolescents. Interventions that focus on parental limit setting development and physical activity support may be effective in decreasing screen time among youth aged 13–15 years.
A pilot study of depression, stigma, and attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help among Arab adolescents
Authors: Dardas Latefa A. , Silva Susan , Noonan Devon , Simmons Leigh Ann
Published: October 2016

The Arab region has the largest proportion of young people in the world and many of the factors that contribute to the onset of depression. Yet, very little is known about the current situation of depression and its associated stigma in this region. The purpose of this pilot study was to obtain preliminary data examining clinically significant depressive symptoms, depression stigma, and attitudes towards seeking professional help for depression among a sample of Arab adolescents from Jordan. Cross-sectional data were collected from 88 adolescents attending public schools in Jordan using self-report questionnaires that were available in, or translated into, Arabic. Among the 88 adolescents, 22% reported scores suggesting mild depression and 19% reported scores suggesting moderate depression, while 24% reported scores suggesting severe depression. The most frequently reported depressive symptoms were changes in sleep patterns (76%), changes in appetite (63%), agitation (62%), and crying (61%). The majority (73%) had moderate depression stigma, and 43% had negative attitudes towards seeking professional help. Yet, 67% believed they would find relief in psychotherapy if they ever had a serious emotional crisis. Findings suggest that the prevalence of depressive symptoms may be high among Jordanian adolescents. Further, many of these adolescents may experience depression-related stigma that affects their attitudes and willingness to seek professional help. To determine the true scope of these issues, including the prevalence of depression among Jordanian adolescents, future research should obtain data from a nationally representative sample.
Detecting of Multi Phase Inter Turn Short Circuit in the Five Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Yassa N. , Rachek M. , Djerdir A. , Becherif M.
Published: October 2016

This paper proposes a general model of five phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) which is capable of representing the multiphase Inter Turn Short Circuit (ITSC) occurring in several phase simultaneously this model is based on a coupled magnetic circuit approach leading to a differential equations system goveming the induction machine behavior. The obtained time-differential state equations system is implemented under Matlab environment and numerically solved using the fourth order Rung-Kutta method with variable step time corrected at each rotor displacement through the electromagnetic torque. Also, Fast Fourier Transform and (FFT) analysis is performed to the phase current signal to detect the frequency spectrum, Power Spectral Density (PSD) is chosen as a classification method. Its efficiency depends on its ability to discriminate between various faults generating the same range of harmonics in the stator current spectrum and on its ability to evaluate the fault severity. So, in order to improve the efficiency of these diagnosis methods, one needs a relatively accurate model to simulate the five-phase PMSM in the case of inter-tum short circuit fault helping to predict performances andor to extract fault signature in the machine main quantities. Simulation work has been carried out using MATLAB to verify the performance of the proposed detection/diagnosis method.
Crystal structure of poly-{[μ2-(E)-1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)but-2-ene-κ2
N:N′][μ2-cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylato-κ4
O,O′:O′′,O′′′]nickel(II)}, C18H22N4NiO4
Authors: Li Wei , Sun Xuan , Suo Jian , Xing Yanpeng , Wang Daguang
Published: October 2016

C18H22N4NiO4, orthorhombic, Pna21 (no. 33), a = 8.9924(5) Å, b = 17.1818(10) Å, c = 12.1009(7) Å, V = 1869.66(19) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0328, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.0798, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 2-amino-4-(3,5-ditrifluoromethylphenyl)-3-cyano-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-4H-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran, C20H16F6N2O2
Authors: Liu Zhi-Jun , li Yan , Lu Shi-Qing , Xu Yan-Li
Published: October 2016

C6H25Br3N2O3P2, triclinic, P1̅ (No. 2), a = 8.6192(6) Å, b = 10.0012(11) Å, c = 12.8047(8) Å, α = 110.699(8)°, β = 95.859(6)°, γ = 99.141(7)°, V = 1004.36(15) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0777, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1918, T = 293(2) K.
Social Metadata and Public-Contributed Contents in Memory Institutions: “Crowd Voice” Versus “Authenticated Heritage”?
Authors: Liew Chern Li
Published: October 2016

Social technologies have led to increasing participatory activities and institutions are interested in the potential of using these for outreach and engagement. Through offering new spaces and tools that allow users to consume and also to contribute content, institutions are expanding their traditional services which could redefine their role and relevance in the digital cultural heritage landscape. This study investigates the decision-making and practices underpinning current handling of social metadata and public-contributed contents (PCC). The focus is on examining the motivations for soliciting contributions, if and how these are moderated and managed, if they are integrated into the institutional data and knowledge base, and the extent to which public stakeholders moderate. The study also involves an investigation of whether, and how, memory institutions consider diversity and inclusiveness in soliciting participation and contributions, and the values placed on PCC, as compared to institutional resources. The aim of this study is to shed light on these by surveying libraries, archives, museums, and other institutions.

How institutions deal with the social metadata and PCC they gather, and what they do with the contributions, could be a key determining factor of the success of their participatory practice as part of their larger effort to capture and preserve collective memories. This survey shows that the profession still has a way to go towards these goals. There is little evidence that demonstrates integration of a participatory culture and activities into the strategic directions and documentary practices of institutions.
ACC/AHA Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Cholesterol Management: Implications of New Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Wong Nathan D.
Published: October 2016

In 2014 the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association issued four new guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention that focused on cardiovascular risk assessment, lifestyle management, obesity management, and blood cholesterol management. The development of an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk calculator formed the basis of the risk assessment guideline, and the lifestyle management guideline focused on recommending an evidence-based dietary pattern. The blood cholesterol management guideline specifically identified four groups of patients shown to benefit from moderate-intensity or high-intensity statin therapy from previous clinical trials and abandoned the use of specific low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) goal levels on the basis of the lack of clinical trial evidence. The recommendations for treatment with moderate-intensity or high-intensity statin therapy are based on rigorous evidence from randomized clinical trials. Guidance has since been provided for the use of nonstatin therapies, including cholesterol absorption inhibitor and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibody therapy when adequate reduction of LDL-C levels is not achieved with maximally tolerated statin therapy. The recent development and application of these therapies have resulted in remarkable reductions in LDL-C levels that are well tolerated, and preliminary outcome data are promising in showing substantial atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease event reductions beyond statin therapy.