bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Digital Literacy Among Older Adults: Systematic Review
Authors: Oh Sarah Soyeon , Kim Kyoung-A , Kim Minsu , Oh Jaeuk , Chu Sang Hui , Choi JiYeon
Published: January 2021

Background

Numerous instruments are designed to measure digital literacy among the general population. However, few studies have assessed the use and appropriateness of these measurements for older populations.

Objective

This systematic review aims to identify and critically appraise studies assessing digital literacy among older adults and to evaluate how digital literacy instruments used in existing studies address the elements of age-appropriate digital literacy using the European Commission’s Digital Competence (DigComp) Framework.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched for studies using validated instruments to assess digital literacy among older adults. The quality of all included studies was evaluated using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT). Instruments were assessed according to their ability to incorporate the competence areas of digital literacy as defined by the DigComp Framework: (1) information and data literacy, (2) communication and collaboration, (3) digital content creation, (4) safety, and (5) problem-solving ability, or attitudes toward information and communication technology use.

Results

Searches yielded 1561 studies, of which 27 studies (17 cross-sectional, 2 before and after, 2 randomized controlled trials, 1 longitudinal, and 1 mixed methods) were included in the final analysis. Studies were conducted in the United States (18/27), Germany (3/27), China (1/27), Italy (1/27), Sweden (1/27), Canada (1/27), Iran (1/27), and Bangladesh (1/27). Studies mostly defined older adults as aged ≥50 years (10/27) or ≥60 years (8/27). Overall, the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) was the most frequently used instrument measuring digital literacy among older adults (16/27, 59%). Scores on the CCAT ranged from 34 (34/40, 85%) to 40 (40/40, 100%). Most instruments measured 1 or 2 of the DigComp Framework’s elements, but the Mobile Device Proficiency Questionnaire (MDPQ) measured all 5 elements, including “digital content creation” and “safety.”

Conclusions

The current digital literacy assessment instruments targeting older adults have both strengths and weaknesses, relative to their study design, administration method, and ease of use. Certain instrument modalities like the MDPQ are more generalizable and inclusive and thus, favorable for measuring the digital literacy of older adults. More studies focusing on the suitability of such instruments for older populations are warranted, especially for areas like “digital content creation” and “safety” that currently lack assessment. Evidence-based discussions regarding the implications of digitalization for the treatment of older adults and how health care professionals may benefit from this phenomenon are encouraged.
Central Auditory Tests to Track Cognitive Function in People With HIV: Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Niemczak Christopher , Fellows Abigail , Lichtenstein Jonathan , White-Schwoch Travis , Magohe Albert , Gui Jiang , Wilbur Jed , Clavier Odile , Massawe Enica , Moshi Ndeserua , Boivin Michael , Kraus Nina , Buckey Jay
Published: January 2021

Background

The development of neurocognitive deficits in people infected with HIV is a significant public health problem. Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that performance on central auditory tests (CATs) correlates with cognitive test results in those with HIV, but no longitudinal data exist for confirmation. We have been performing longitudinal assessments of central auditory and cognitive function on a cohort of HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to understand how the central auditory system could be used to study and track the progress of central nervous system dysfunction.

Objective

The goal of the project was to determine if CATs can track the trajectory of cognitive function over time in people diagnosed with HIV.

Methods

Tests of peripheral and central auditory function as well as cognitive performance were performed on 382 individuals over the course of 3.5 years. Visits were scheduled every 6 months. CATs included tests of auditory temporal processing (gap detection) and speech perception in noise (Hearing in Noise Test and Triple Digit Test). Cognitive tests included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), and subtests from the Cogstate battery. HIV-positive subjects were divided into groups based on their CAT results at their final visit (bottom 20%, top 20%, middle 60%). Primary analyses focused on the comparison between HIV-positive individuals that performed worse on CATs (bottom 20%) and the overall HIV-positive group (middle 60%). Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models with time as the main fixed effect.

Results

The group with the worst (bottom 20%) CAT performance showed a difference in trajectory for the MoCA (P=.003), TOVA (P<.048), and Cogstate (P<.046) over the course of the study period compared to the overall HIV-positive group. A battery of three CATs showed a significant difference in cognitive trajectory over a relatively short study period of 3.5 years independent of age (bottom 20% vs HIV-positive group).

Conclusions

The results of this study support the ability for CATs to track cognitive function over time, suggesting that central auditory processing can provide a window into central nervous system performance. CATs can be simple to perform, and are relatively insensitive to education and socioeconomic status because they only require repeating sentences, numbers, or detecting gaps in noise. These tests could potentially provide a time-efficient, low-cost method to screen for and monitor cognitive decline in patients with HIV, making them a useful surveillance tool for this major public health problem.
The Utility of Different Data Standards to Document Adverse Drug Event Symptoms and Diagnoses: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chan Erina , Small Serena S , Wickham Maeve E , Cheng Vicki , Balka Ellen , Hohl Corinne M
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Existing systems to document adverse drug events often use free text data entry, which produces nonstandardized and unstructured data that are prone to misinterpretation. Standardized terminology may improve data quality; however, it is unclear which data standard is most appropriate for documenting adverse drug event symptoms and diagnoses.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to compare the utility, strengths, and weaknesses of different data standards for documenting adverse drug event symptoms and diagnoses.

METHODS

We performed a mixed methods substudy of a multicenter retrospective chart review. We reviewed the research records of prospectively diagnosed adverse drug events at 5 Canadian hospitals. A total of 2 pharmacy research assistants independently entered the symptoms and diagnoses for the adverse drug events using four standards: Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA), Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) Clinical Terms, SNOMED Adverse Reaction (SNOMED ADR), and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 11th Revision. Disagreements between research assistants regarding the case-specific utility of data standards were discussed until a consensus was reached. We used consensus ratings to determine the proportion of adverse drug events covered by a data standard and coded and analyzed field notes from the consensus sessions.

RESULTS

We reviewed 573 adverse drug events and found that MedDRA and ICD-11 had excellent coverage of adverse drug event symptoms and diagnoses. MedDRA had the highest number of matches between the research assistants, whereas ICD-11 had the fewest. SNOMED ADR had the lowest proportion of adverse drug event coverage. The research assistants were most likely to encounter terminological challenges with SNOMED ADR and usability challenges with ICD-11, whereas least likely to encounter challenges with MedDRA.

CONCLUSIONS

Usability, comprehensiveness, and accuracy are important features of data standards for documenting adverse drug event symptoms and diagnoses. On the basis of our results, we recommend the use of MedDRA.

CLINICALTRIAL
Бытовая лексика в деловых текстах XVIII в. (на материале писем хана Аюки и их русских переводов)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Yarmarkina Galina M.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Being an important stratum of the vocabulary of any language that conveys ethnolinguistic specifics of texts, household vocabulary attracts attention of linguists. Khan Ayuka’s letters to Astrakhan Chief Commandant M. I. Chirikov are traditionally referred to as samples of the 18th-century Kalmyk official epistolary genre. The lexical composition of the examined texts is characterized by diversity since the latter contain essentially different types of vocabulary (military terms, titles, anthroponyms, toponyms, etc.). Goals. The article seeks to analyze the functioning of household vocabulary in Khan Ayuka’s letters in comparison to synchronic Russian translations. The 18th-century sources comprise historical/lexicological materials and provide an opportunity to clarify if there is a correspondence between the use of household vocabulary — and genre/stylistic and substantial features traced in source and translated texts. Methods and Materials. The paper investigates Khan Ayuka’s letters dated to 1714 and simultaneous Russian translations stored at the National Archive of Kalmykia. The research primarily employs contextual analysis and the descriptive, comparative methods. The involved texts were transliterated, adapted (from Old to Modern Kalmyk), and translated (literally) into Russian by D. B. Gedeeva. Results. The analysis reveals peculiarities that characterize a particular fragment within early 18th-century Kalmyk and Russian vocabularies. So, the source texts contain not only common Mongolic lexemes but also Russian loanwords. There is a correspondence between the use of household vocabulary and the implied intentions: household vocabulary is used to articulate the request / demand to deliver a certain part of the annual salary which was not limited to money. Thus, acting as enumerative elements, household vocabulary units emerge in a periphery of the vast sociopolitical lexicon. Unlike texts with imperative subgenres, informative letters confirming receipt of the submitted objects are more precise: such messages routinely use words that denote measures of weight or volume paired with cardinal numerals. Besides, there are examples confirming a dependence between a token used — and the described situation and essence of the request. Our comparison of household vocabulary units chosen by translators as equivalents explicitly delineates the ethnolinguistic specifics inherent to Kalmyk official letters and their synchronous Russian translations.
Городища Башанта-I и Башанта-II эпохи Хазарского каганата
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Ochir-Goryaeva Maria A.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. In 2008 and 2015, two settlements of the Khazar era — referred to as Bashanta-I and Bashanta-II by the name of the locality respectively — were discovered. The joint archaeological expedition of Kalmyk Scientific Center (Russian Academy of Sciences) and Khalikov Institute of Archaeology (Tatarstan Academy of Sciences) headed by Dr. M. Ochir-Goryaeva is systematically exploring the monuments. The comprehensive research efforts involve the use of GIS methods. Analysis of animal bones resulted in five radiocarbon dates that may attest to that Bashanta-I and Bashanta-II are the earliest available sites of the Khazar domain. Further analysis of archaeological materials — Black Sea amphorae — confirms the mentioned radiocarbon-based conclusion. Goals. The paper seeks to review the newly discovered monuments comparing them to each other and other hillforts of the Khazar Khaganate. There have been a few excavation seasons only, and the observations are essentially preliminary. Results. In both the sites, large areas of cultural layers were opened. In Bashanta-I, this revealed remains of a stone building and a 189 meter long wall base composed of massive shell limestone blocks. The wall delineates the outer border of the once inhabited area. The eastern hill of Bashanta-II contains a similar fragmented wall base that served to separate the central part from the rest of the settlement. The wall encircled a number of round half dugout clay-and-wattle buildings and multiple middens. In Bashanta-II, the cultural layer contains (along with amphorae) numerous Saltovo-Mayaki pottery fragments and no traces of roof tiles. While ceramics of Bashanta-I is represented exclusively by amphorae fragments, and no samples of pottery or molded ceramics have been discovered. However, many fragments of roof tiles are observed along the wall base and the building area of Bashanta-I. It is noteworthy that all the roof tiles were brought in from offsite, and are distinguished by high quality, while other Khazar hillforts contain only scarce samples of locally-made tiles. Conclusion. According to G. Afanasiev’s typology, the obtained data make it possible to classify Bashanta-I as a fortress, and Bashanta-II as a fortified settlement.
Образ оленя-солнца и этноним бурятского племени Хори
Authors:   East Siberian State Institute of Culture (1, Tereshkova St., Ulan-Ude 670031, Russian Federation), Dashieva Nadezhda B.
Published: January 2021

Введение. Статья посвящена этнониму самого многочисленного племени в составе бурятского этноса ― племени Хори. Установлено, что отсутствие в этнографических исследованиях общепринятого мнения о происхождении племенного названия вызывает сложности в изучении его этногенеза и ранней этнической истории. Целью исследования является выявление языковых и историко-культурных индикаторов происхождения термина «хори» как этнонима бурятского племени Хори и выявление этимологии племенного этнонима. В качестве материала использованы тексты шаманских призываний хори-бурят, сведения монгольских письменных источников, сюжеты петроглифов северного берега Байкала. Результаты. Историко-сравнительный и историко-сопоставительный анализ материала с аналогичными фактами в культуре тюрко-монгольских народов Центральной Азии и Южной Сибири показал, что словесное описание оленя-матери в шаманских текстах хоринских родов возводит его образ к скифо-сибирской канонической традиции изображения животных на каменных плитах, сопровождающих курганные захоронения в Западной и Северо-Западной Монголии, на Алтае и в Северной Туве. Историко-культурный и языковой этнические индикаторы возводят этимологию этнонима Хори к лексеме «хор» как названия солнца и его символа ― оленя у кочевых ираноязычных племен бронзового и раннего железного века степей Центральной Азии и Южной Сибири. Общее культовое отношение к лебедю ― тотемной птице со стороны материнского происхождения у хори-бурят, западных монголов и телеутов в сравнительно-сопоставительном анализе определяют этно- и культурную связь этнических предков племени Хори с тюркскими племенами с культом лебедя через этническое объединение «тумат», территориально связанное с Саяно-Алтаем. Выводы. Выявленные в исследовании сведения указывают на происхождение этнонима племени Хори в едином историко-культурном пространстве с кочевыми народами степей Центральной Азии ― носителями культуры плиточных могил с культом солнца и культом оленя-предка в его женской ипостаси.
3D distribution of perlecan within intervertebral disc chondrons suggests novel regulatory roles for this multifunctional modular heparan sulphate proteoglycan
Authors:   Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Laboratories, Level 10, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, B6, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065 Australia, Hayes AJ , Melrose J
Published: January 2021

Perlecan is a modular, multifunctional heparan sulphate-proteoglycan (HS-PG) that is present in the pericellular and wider extracellular matrix of connective tissues. In the present study, confocal microscopy was used to study perlecan distribution within intervertebral disc chondrons. Perlecan immunolabel was demonstrated intracellularly and in close association with the cell nucleus within chondrons of both the annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP). This observation is consistent with earlier studies that have localised HS-PGs with nuclear cytoskeletal components. Nuclear HS-PGs have been proposed to transport fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1, FGF-2 and FGFR-1 into the cell nucleus, influencing cell proliferation and the cell-cycle. Perlecan has well-known interactive properties with FGF family members in the pericellular and extracellular matrix. Perinuclear perlecan may also participate in translocation events with FGFs. The glycosaminoglycan side chains of HS-PGs can modulate chromatin structure by regulating the access of transcription factors to DNA. These mechanisms are consistent with the distribution patterns identified here and previously reported for other HS-PGs, introducing a potentially-novel arena for perlecan in gene regulation. Whilst much is known of the structure and function of perlecan in the pericellular and extracellular matrix, very little is known of any intracellular forms of perlecan. The perlecan labelling patterns described here suggest the possibility of involvement of this HS-PG in an intracrine regulatory system. Future studies should further explore this possibility and the potential for this HS-PG as a novel therapeutic target.
THE INTERTEXTUALITY OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE AND RUSSIAN PAINTING IN THE 19TH CENTURY
Authors:   Zhang Lu Hebei Academy of Fine Arts, Lu Zhang
Published: January 2021

The background color of Russian literature and Russian painting art in the 19th century is gloomy and heavy, and there exists text intertextuality between them, which is different from single text and single painting. Literary words and painting invisible words quote, permeate, insinuate and rewrite each other. Literature is the writing of painting, and painting is the color of literature. The main line of literature development and the main line of painting development seem to be twisted together like a rope, presenting spiral development, closely linked, complementary and inseparable.The same value orientation and aesthetic purpose have intertextuality, mutual influence, mutual interaction and mutual transformation, no matter in creation method, theme, artistic style or creation background. Direct description or sharp pen, or by the protagonist of indirect irony, using realistic and critical realism creation method, revealing the tsarist autocracy savage, dissatisfaction with the reality in protest of rebellion, as well as being bullied and oppressed pain and struggle, at the same time reflects the immortality of the Russian national literature and art achievement.
THE USE OF METHODS OF WASTE-FREE CUT WHEN DESIGNING CLOTHING MODELS
Authors:   A.V. Timoshenko Amur State University, Timoshenko A.V. , Moskalenko N.G. ,   N.G. Moskalenko Amur State University
Published: January 2021

The article considers the problem of waste from textile production, and selects a way to reduce waste at the cutting stage. Historical methods of waste-free production of clothing are studied. Developed clothing models with zero and minimal intersectional losses.
RESEARCH ON THE IMPLEMENTATION PATH OF NEW APPRENTICESHIP SYSTEM IN CERAMIC ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Zheng Xingwo, Xingwo Zheng
Published: January 2021

China comprehensively implements the new apprenticeship system for enterprises. For enterprises, how to establish an effective implementation path for the new apprenticeship system is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper takes the new apprenticeship in ceramic enterprises as an example, combines the new apprenticeship in enterprises with the modern apprenticeship in schools, and puts forward the implementation path and strategy of the new apprenticeship in enterprises.
SPECIFICS OF CORPORATE IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT FOR EVENTS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DESIGN OF THE FS FESTIVAL «COSMOS» BY DESIGN STUDENTS)
Authors:   G.M. Koryakina Lipetsk State Pedagogical University Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, Koryakina G.M. , Bondarchuk S.A. ,   S.A. Bondarchuk Lipetsk State Pedagogical University Semenov-Tyan-Shansky
Published: January 2021

The article highlights the specifics of studying corporate identity in its historical, structural-constructive and color-visual context by the example of building the corporate identity of the "COSMOS" festival, which is supposed to be held in Lipetsk as part of the celebration of the world space week.
BIONIC ARCHITECTURE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Authors:   O.M. SHENTSOVA South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, SHENTSOVA O.M. , VORONIN M.A. ,   M.A. VORONIN Magnitogorsk Secondary School No. 28
Published: January 2021

The active development of bionic style in modern architecture and construction today dictates the search for and definition of approaches, methods, principles and techniques for designing bionic architecture. The paper outlines an attempt to identify principles for designing bionic architecture.
Autonomous Ticking Clocks from Axiomatic Principles
Authors: Woods Mischa P.
Published: January 2021

There are many different types of time keeping devices. We use the phraseticking clockto describe those which – simply put – ``tick'' at approximately regular intervals. Various important results have been derived for ticking clocks, and more are in the pipeline. It is thus important to understand the underlying models on which these results are founded. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new ticking clock model from axiomatic principles that overcomes concerns in the community about the physicality of the assumptions made in previous models. The ticking clock model in \cite{woods2018quantum} achieves high accuracy, yet lacks the autonomy of the less accurate model in \cite{thermoClockErker}. Importantly, the model we introduce here achieves the best of both models: it retains the autonomy of \cite{thermoClockErker} while allowing for the high accuracies of \cite{woods2018quantum}. What is more, \cite{thermoClockErker} is revealed to be a special case of the new ticking clock model.
How Dynamical Quantum Memories Forget
Authors: Fidkowski Lukasz , Haah Jeongwan , Hastings Matthew B.
Published: January 2021

Motivated by recent work showing that a quantum error correcting code can be generated by hybrid dynamics of unitaries and measurements, we study the long time behavior of such systems. We demonstrate that even in the ``mixed'' phase, a maximally mixed initial density matrix is purified on a time scale equal to the Hilbert space dimension (i.e., exponential in system size), albeit with noisy dynamics at intermediate times which we connect to Dyson Brownian motion. In contrast, we show that free fermion systems—i.e., ones where the unitaries are generated by quadratic Hamiltonians and the measurements are of fermion bilinears—purify in a time quadratic in the system size. In particular, a volume law phase for the entanglement entropy cannot be sustained in a free fermion system.
GANGGUAN FUNGSI GINJAL PADA IBU HAMIL PREEKLAMPSIA BERAT DENGAN DISLIPIDEMIA DI RSUD KELAS B SERANG
Authors: Amalia Muttia , Harfiani Erna , Chairani Aulia
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Dyslipidemia in severely preeclamptic women will develop end-organ damage due to endothelial dysfunction.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between blood lipid profile and renal function in severely preeclamptic women at RSUD Class B Serang district, January-December 2018.

Method: This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. Conducted using total sampling technique, 103 pregnant women were included from medical records. Data were analyzed using correlation tests and logistic regression.

Result: Correlation analysis indicates that HDL level (<60mg/dL) and LDL level (>160 mg/dL) had a significant impact in the alteration of urea and creatinine level in severe PE. Logistic regression analysis signifies that only decreased level of HDL had a significant partial impact on increasing creatinine levels (p=0,013 OR=1,107).

Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was in severe PE women there was an increased level of TG and LDL, with a decreased level of HDL. Dyslipidemia in severe PE women will lead to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, which further will cause alteration in glomerulus structure and disturbance of renal function.

Keywords: dyslipidemia, creatinine, severe PE, urea

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Preeklampsia (PE) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian ibu dan bayi di negara berkembang. Dislipidemia pada ibu hamil dengan preeklampsia berat (PEB) akan menyebabkan end-organ damage akibat disfungsi endotel.

Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai hubungan antara profil lipid darah terhadap gangguan fungsi ginjal pada ibu hamil dengan preeklampsia berat di RSUD Kelas B Serang periode Januari – Desember 2018.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasi analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Menggunakan teknik total sampling, sebanyak 103 sampel diambil dari data rekam medik. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi dan regresi logistik.

Hasil: Hasil korelasi menunjukkan bahwa kadar HDL yang lebih rendah (<60 mg/dL) dan kadar LDL yang lebih tinggi (>160 mg/dL) memiliki hubungan yang bermakna terhadap peningkatan kadar ureum dan kreatinin pada bumil dengan PEB. Analisis regresi logistik memperlihatkan bahwa hanya kadar HDL yang menurun memiliki hubungan parsial yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan kadar kreatinin (p=0,013 OR=1,107).

Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa telah ditemukan peningkatan kadar trigliserida (TG) dan LDL serta penurunan kadar HDL pada bumil dengan PEB. Dislipidemia pada PEB akan menyebabkan stres oksidasi dan disfungsi endotel yang selanjutnya akan menyebabkan perubahan struktur glomerulus dan perubahan fungsi ginjal

Kata kunci: dislipidemia, kreatinin, PEB, ureum
HUBUNGAN PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK DARI SUAMI PADA WANITA USIA 15-57 TAHUN DENGAN KEJADIAN BAYI BERAT LAHIR RENDAH DI INDONESIA (ANALISIS DATA LANJUTAN IFLS-5 TAHUN 2014)
Authors: Simamora Stevy Elisabeth Dame , Ronoatmodjo Sudarto
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background: The results of Riskesdas (Basic Health Research) showed that the national proportion of low birth weight (LBW) in Indonesia was 10.2 percent in 2013 and 6.2 percent in 2018. Survey conducted by Global Adult Tobacco Survey in 2011 found that 67 percent of men in Indonesia smoke. Meanwhile in 2011-2015, the prevalence of second-hand smoking exposure at home was 78.4 percent and more than half of second-hand smoking are vulnerable groups such as women and under-five children.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association of husband’s cigarette smoking exposure to LBW among mothers aged 15-57.

Method: This study used secondary data from 5th Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) in 2014 with cross-sectional design. The sample of this study was 1.599 women aged 15-57. Multivariate analysis was conducted using cox regression and backward elimination procedure model methods.  

Results: This study showed that 73.5 percent of husbands were cigarette smokers and the proportion of LBW was 7.5 percent. The exposure of husband’s cigarette smoking didn’t increase the risk of LBW after controlling for antenatal care visit variable (PR 1,096; 95% CI 0.721-1.66).

Conclusion: Despite of statistical insignificance, the proportion of LBW among mothers who exposed with husband’s cigarette smoking is slightly higher than mothers with non-smoker’s husbands.

Keywords: IFLS, low birth weight, second-hand smoking

 

 

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Di Indonesia berdasarkan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas), kejadian bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) pada tahun 2013 yaitu 10,2 persen dan pada tahun 2018 sebesar 6,2 persen. Survei yang dilakukan oleh Global Adult Tobacco Survey tahun 2011 diperoleh hasil bahwa 67 persen laki-laki di Indonesia merokok. Sementara itu pada tahun 2011-2015 prevalensi perokok pasif yang terpapar asap rokok di rumah sekitar 78.4 persen, lebih dari separuh perokok pasif adalah kelompok rentan seperti perempuan dan balita.

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan paparan asap rokok dari suami pada wanita usia 15-57 tahun dengan kejadian BBLR.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross- sectional dengan data sekunder 5th Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) tahun 2014. Sampel adalah 1.599 wanita 15-57 tahun. Analisis data mulitvariat menggunakan cox regression dan metode backward elimination procedures model.

Hasil: Sebanyak 73,5 persen suami adalah perokok aktif dan proporsi bayi dengan berat lahir rendah sebesar 7,5 persen. Paparan asap rokok suami tidak meningkatkan risiko kejadian BBLR setelah dikontrol variabel kunjungan pemeriksaan kehamilan (PR 1,096; 95% CI 0,721-1,66).

Kesimpulan: Proporsi kejadian BBLR pada ibu yang mempunyai suami perokok aktif sedikit lebih tinggi dari pada ibu yang mempunyai suami tidak merokok, meskipun menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna.

Kata kunci: IFLS, BBLR, merokok pasif
COMPLIANCE WITH ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AMONG MSM AT CLINIC X, JAKARTA
Authors: Nafisah Lu'lu
Published: January 2021

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Kepatuhan terapeutik di Indonesia masih di bawah 80 persen dan dapat mengakibatkan peningkatan insidensi infeksi usus protozoanal, perkembangan AIDS yang lebih cepat, resistensi obat, kegagalan pengobatan, dan penularan virus ke orang lain.

Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan kepatuhan terhadap terapi antiretroviral pada LSL yang mencari pengobatan di klinik swasta dan menyelidiki faktor pendukung dan hambatan untuk retensi ART.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan data yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam. Subjek penelitian dipilih dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis isi.

Hasil: Informan berjumlah 7 orang, 4 ODHA, dan 3 petugas kesehatan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar ODHA patuh dalam menggunakan terapi ARV dan mengikuti saran dokter. Faktor-faktor yang mendukung kepatuhan terhadap terapi ARV meliputi tingkat pendidikan, akses informasi, motivasi internal, hubungan pasien dengan dokter, dan dukungan sosial. Hoax, faktor yang terkait dengan pekerjaan, dan stigma adalah hambatan bagi orang yang hidup dengan HIV dalam mempertahankan kepatuhan terhadap terapi ARV.

Kesimpulan: Kepatuhan optimal terhadap terapi ARV perlu dipertahankan dan ditingkatkan karena dinamis dan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Intervensi berbasis teknologi direkomendasikan dalam memantau kepatuhan ODHA dalam terapi ARV.

Kata Kunci: kepatuhan, terapi antiretroviral, hambatan, LSL, ODHA.

Abstract

Background: Therapeutic compliance in Indonesia was still below 80 percent and may resulted in increased incidence of protozoanal intestinal infection, faster AIDS progression, drug resistance, treatment failure, and transmission of the virus to others.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe adherence to antiretroviral therapy among MSM who seek treatment at private clinics and investigate facilitators and barriers to ART retention.

Method: This study used qualitative research methods and data collected through in-depth interview. The study subjects were selected using a purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results: The informants were 7 people include 4 PLWHA and 3 health workers. The results showed that most ODHA were compliant in taking ARV therapy and following doctor's advice. Factors supported adherence to ARV therapy include levels of education, access to information, internal motivation, patient relationships with doctors, and social support. Hoaxes, work related factors, and stigma are barriers to people living with HIV in sustaining ARV therapy adherence.

Conclusion: Optimal adherence to ARV therapy needs to be maintained and improved because it is dynamic and influenced by various factors. Technological interventions are recommended in monitoring PLWHA compliance in ARV therapy

Keywords: adherence, antiretroviral therapy, barriers, MSM, PLWHA.
META ANALISIS: PENGARUH ANEMIA IBU HAMIL TERHADAP BERAT BAYI LAHIR RENDAH
Authors: Aditianti Aditianti , Djaiman Sri Poedji Hastoety
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) in Indonesia shows a decrease, but the risk factor for anemia in pregnant women has increased sharply and this has an impact on increasing the prevalence of LBW.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the risk of anemia in pregnant women to the prevalence of LBW in several countries.

Methods: This study was a meta-analysis using PRISMA. Eleven of the 122,000 studies met criteria for the analysis. Presentation of the data used a forest plot with a random effect statistical model.

Results: The combined odds ratio (OR) showed that the effect of anemia in pregnant women on LBW was 1.49 times higher than that of non-anemia mothers (95% CI: 1.26-4.60; p <0.001). The variance was 53,7%. The results of the funnel plots from 11 studies were not evenly distributed so that the information obtained was homogeneous, focusing more on the middle value.

Conclusion: There was an effect of anemia in pregnant women with the prevalence of LBW. Detection of anemia in pregnant women needs to be done as early as possible by involving the role of health workers and cadres. Outreach activities for young women at schools and Posyandu must be carried out regularly and continuously.

 

Keywords: Anemia, LBW, Pregnancy

 

 

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Prevalensi berat bayi lahir rendah (BBLR ) di Indonesia menunjukkan penurunan namun faktor risiko anemia pada ibu hamil meningkat tajam dan hal ini berdampak pada peningkatan kejadian BBLR.

Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya risiko ibu hamil anemia terhadap kejadian BBLR di beberapa negara.

Metode: Studi ini merupakan meta analisis menggunakan PRISMA. Sebelas dari 122.000 studi masuk dalam kriteria untuk dianalisis. Penyajian data menggunakan forest plot dengan model statistik random effect.

Hasil: Besar odds ratio (OR) gabungan menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh ibu hamil anemia terhadap BBLR 1,49 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan ibu yang tidak anemia (95%CI: 1,26-4,60; p<0,001). Besarnya varian 53,7 persen. Hasil funnel plot dari 11 studi ini tidak tersebar secara merata sehingga informasi yang diperoleh homogen, lebih fokus pada nilai tengah.

Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh anemia pada ibu hamil dengan kejadian BBLR. Deteksi anemia pada ibu hamil perlu dilakukan sedini mungkin dengan melibatkan peran tenaga keseharan dan kader. Penyuluhan bagi remaja putri di sekolah dan posyandu harus dilakukan secara berkala dan berkesinambungan

 

Kata kunci: Anemia, BBLR, Kehamilan
Branch pulmonary artery Doppler in the assessment of atrial restriction after the hybrid procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Bellsham-Revell Hannah , Kapravelou Eva , Tibby Shane , Peacock Kelly , Simpson John
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The hybrid procedure (HP) - bilateral pulmonary artery
bands+ductal stent - is an alternative palliation for high-risk
hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) patients. Assessment and
management of atrial restriction here is debated and we sought to
identify useful echocardiographic parameters. Methods: Patients
undergoing HP for HLHS were identified. Echocardiograms at birth,
immediately after HP and pre-and post-atrial intervention were reviewed
as well as time-matched echocardiograms in HP patients not requiring
atrial intervention. Atrial septal parameters and systolic (Svel),
diastolic (Dvel) and mean velocities were recorded on both bands and
systolic to diastolic velocity ratio (Svel:Dvel), pulsatility index (PI)
and velocity time integral (VTI) calculated. Results: Fifteen HP were
compared to 5 controls. Age effect was not significant. There was a
significant rise in peak Svel and changes in Dvel, Svel:Dvel and PI over
time (<0.05). Although the pattern of change similar, the fall
in Dvel and rise in Svel:Dvel and PI was more significant on the left.
Compared to controls, transatrial gradient and VTI were significantly
increased initially post-hybrid (median 0.4m/s vs 0.7m/s p=0.04; 29.1cm
vs 64.6cm p=0.018) but not significantly different prior to septostomy
when the only significant differences were seen with all left band
parameters. Conclusions: After HP the transatrial gradient alone cannot
be used. Significant changes in band Doppler parameters were not
apparent in the control group but were principally seen in the left band
with reduction in Dvel and increase in Svel:Dvel and PI in those
undergoing an atrial intervention.
Complete eradication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with unusual skin involvement of high mitotic index after 12 cycles of Venetoclax/obinutuzumab
Authors: Dimou Maria , Iliakis Theodoros , Pardalis Vasileios , Bitsani Aikaterini , Kyrtsonis Marie-Christine , Panayiotidis Panayiotis
Published: January 2021

A 51-year male patient presented with large skin masses of the chest
wall that were pathologically proven to be chronic lymphocytic
leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma(CLL/SLL) with Ki67:70%. The patient
was treated with the time-limited Venetoclax/Obinutuzumab combination
for 12 cycles and CLL/SLL including the skin component was set in
complete remission.
SIR epidemiological model with ratio-dependent incidence: influence of preventive vaccination and treatment control strategies on disease dynamics
Authors: Kumar Uday , MANDAL PARTHA , Tripathi Jai , Bugalia Sarita , Bajiya Vijay Pal
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we study an SIR epidemic model with ratio dependent
incident rate function. We explore the impact of vaccination and
treatment on the transmission dynamics of the disease. The treatment
control strategies depend on the availability of maximal treatment
capacity: treatment rate is constant when the number of infected
individuals is greater than the maximal capacity of treatment and
proportional to the number of infected individuals when the number of
infected individuals is less than the maximal capacity of treatment. The
existence and stability of the endemic equilibria are governed by the
basic reproduction number and treatment control strategies. By carrying
out rigorous mathematical analysis and numerical evaluations, it has
been shown that (1) the sufficiently large value of the preventive
vaccination rate can control the spread of disease, (2) a threshold
level of the psychological (or inhibitory) effects in the incidence rate
function is enough to decrease the infective population. Model system
also undergoes a transcritical and a saddle-node bifurcation with
respect to disease contact rate. In the presence of treatment
strategies, system have multiple endemic equilibria and undergoes a
backward bifurcation. The number of infected individuals decreases with
respect to maximal treatment capacity and disease dies out from the
system for large capacity of the treatment when constant treatment
strategy is applied. Further, it is also found that the spread of
disease can be suppressed by increasing treatment rate. Sensitivity
analysis shows that the transmission and treatment rates are most
sensitive parameters on the model system.
Evaluation of Iron Deficiency in COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Tapan Ozge Oral , Gursoy Canan , Dogan Emrah , Tapan Utku , Togan Turhan , Genc Sebahat
Published: January 2021

Background: Inlate 2019, a new coronavirus disease was detected in
Wuhan, China and called COVID-19. There are so many unknown factors
about the virus. Iron metabolism is one of the topics have to be
investigated for the development of therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
The aim of this study is to assess sequential changes in traditional
biochemical iron status indicators during COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: A
case-control study. Case group was defined as pneumonia with
PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 and the control group consisted of patients
with non-COVID-19 pneumonia. Biomarkers of anemia and iron metabolism,
CRP, procalcitonin were analyzed. Demographic features, CT findings,
SpO2, development of ARDS, ICU admission, duration of hospitalization,
discharge status (event free survival or death) were evaluated. Results:
205 hospitalized patients with pneumonia were analyzed retrospectively.
COVID-19 group was significantly younger than control group. 23 of 106
patients had critical COVID-19 infection. Comorbidity frequency and
mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were significantly
higher. Hb, RET-He, iron, TSAT, CRP, PCT and SpO2 were significantly
lower. Hb, RET-He, iron, TSAT levels significantly correlated to lung
aeration loss, hospitalization day and inflamatory markers in COVID-19
pneumonia. Conclusion: The patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had iron
deficiency anemia even they were young. Iron deficiency may effect the
lung aeration loss related to paranchimal infiltrations of COVID-19 and
mortality of the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Our data indicates
that iron deficiency is associated with longer hospital stays, lower
oxygenation, higher CRP and procalsitonin.
In Vitro Scolicidal Effects of Sideritis perfoliata Aerial Part Extract against the Protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus
Authors: Çelik TUNCAY , Önderci Muhittin , Pehlivan Mustafa , Yumrutaş Önder
Published: January 2021

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is commonly located in the liver
and lungs of affected hosts. Surgical management is one of the best
choices for the treatment of hydatidosis and using effective scolicidal
agents during hydatid surgery is essential to prevent secondary
infection. The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro
scolicidal activity of methanol extract of Sideritis perfoliata against
the protoscoleces of hydatid cysts. Methods: The protoscoleces were
collected from slaughtered livestock in Adiyaman and the effect of three
concentrations of the aerial part extract of S. perfoliata (0.1mg/ml,
0.2mg/ml, and 0.4mg/ml) was assessed over three different exposure
periods. All tests were carried in dublicate. Finally, the mortality of
protoscoleces was assessed by the eosin exclusion test (0.1% eosin
staining). Methanol extract of S. perfoliata was assessed by Liquid
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results:
The results showed that the scolicidal effect of this extract at
exposure periods of 10, 20, and 30 min was 29.6, 32.5, and 43.6% at
concentrations of 0.1mg/ml, 37.8, 50, and 58.1% at concentration of
0.2mg/ml and finally 57.9, 71.8, and 79.1% at concentration of
0.4mg/ml, respectively; indicating that the extract requiring a further
time to display a potent protoscolicidal effects. Some phenolic acids
such as fumaric acid (260,13mg/L), syringic acid (27,92mg/L) and caffeic
acid (26,84mg/L) and a flavonoid, luteolin (11,23 mg/L) were detected in
high concentrations. Conclusions: The present study has demonstrated
that the methanol extract of S. perfoliata has high scolicidal power in
vitro, although the low concentration of plant extract may provide a
base for future treatment of hydatid cysts. However, more research on
the in vivo efficacy of S. perfoliata extract and its potential side
effects is recommended.
The COVID-19 Epidemic in Madagascar: clinical description and laboratory results of the first wave, March-September 2020
Authors: Randremanana Rindra , Andriamandimby Soa-Fy , Rakotondramanga Jean Marius , Razanajatovo Norosoa , Mangahasimbola Reziky , Randriambolamanantsoa Tsiry , Ranaivoson Hafaliana , Rabemananjara Harinirina , Razanajatovo Iony , Razafindratsimandresy Richter , Rabarison Joelinotahina , Brook Cara , Rakotomanana Fanjasoa , Rabetombosoa Roger , Razafimanjato Helisoa , Ahyong Vida , Raharinosy Vololoniaina , Raharimanga Vaomalala , Raharinantoanina Sandratana , Randrianarisoa Mirella , Bernardson Barivola , Randrianasolo Laurence , Randriamampionona Léa , Tato Cristina , Derisi Joseph , Dussart Philippe , Vololoniaina Manuela , Randriatsarafara Fidiniaina , Randriamanantany Zely , Heraud Jean-Michel
Published: January 2021

Background: Following the first detection of SARS-CoV-2 in passengers
arriving from Europe on 19 March 2020, Madagascar took several
mitigation measures to limit the spread of the virus in the country.
Methods: Nasopharyngeal and/or oropharyngeal swabs were collected from
travellers to Madagascar, suspected SARS-CoV-2 cases, and contact of
confirmed cases. Swabs were tested at the national reference laboratory
using real-time RT-PVR. Data collected from patients were entered in an
electronic database for subsequent statistical analysis. All
distribution of laboratory confirmed cases were mapped and six genomes
of viruses were fully sequenced. Results: Overall, 26,415 individuals
were tested for SARS-CoV-2 between 18 March and 18 September 2020, of
whom 21.0% (5,553/26,145) returned positive. Among laboratory-confirmed
SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, the median age was 39 years (CI95%:
28-52), and 56.6% (3,311/5,553) were asymptomatic at the time of
sampling. The probability of testing positive increased with age with
the highest adjusted odds ratio of 2.2 [95% CI: 1.9-2.5] for
individuals aged 49 years and more. Viral strains sequenced belong to
clades 19A, 20A, and 20B in favour of several independent introduction
of viruses. Conclusions. Our study describes the first wave of the
COVID-19 in Madagascar. Despite early strategies in place Madagascar
could not avoid the introduction and spread of the virus. More studies
are needed to estimate the true burden of disease and make public health
recommendations for a better preparation to another wave.
Are Average Platelet Volume (MPV), Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) and Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) Guiding Markers for Acute Appendicitis Treatment Options?
Authors: Dalbaşı Erkan , Akgül Omer Lutfi
Published: January 2021

Background: Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common cause of surgery
performed for acute abdomen. The standard treatment for AA patients has
been appendectomy for more than a century. use of broad-spectrum
antibiotics, the medical treatment option has come to the fore in the
treatment of uncomplicated AA. Aim: Evaluate whether WBC, platelet
count, MPV, PDW, RDW, and C-reactive protein (CRP) values of patients
diagnosed with uncomplicated AA clinically, with laboratory tests and
radiologically with abdominal CT could be a marker for choosing medical
or surgical treatment. Material and Method: 519 patients aged between 20
and 65 years who were diagnosed with uncomplicated AA by abdominal CT in
our centre between January 2016 and January 2019 were retrospectively
analysed. . The presence of at least one of the criteria of 7 mm or more
appendix diameter and oedema or fluid accumulation around the appendix
was accepted as uncomplicated AA. After the diagnosis of AA, 223
patients were treated medically, while 296 patients underwent
laparoscopic appendectomy. The first group included patients who were
treated medically and the second group included patients who underwent
laparoscopic appendectomy. Results: Group 2 patients had higher mean
platelet count (p <.005) and RDW (p = .003) values compared to
Group 1 patients, while mean PDW (p <.001) values were lower
compared to those of Group 1 patients. The differences between the mean
WBC, CRP and MPV values of the groups were not statistically significant
(p>0.05). Conclusions: The standard treatment for acute
appendicitis is surgery. Recently, studies supporting antibiotic therapy
have been conducted in patients diagnosed with AA. As a result, we think
that PDW, RDW, and platelet values in patients diagnosed with
uncomplicated AA may be a guide in choosing patients to be treated with
surgery or antibiotics. Key Words: acute appendicitis, laparoscopic
appendectomy, antibiotic therapy.