bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of ±800 KV Cirque Grounding Electrode Circuit Commissioning on Soil Temperature and Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Wang Xiao Dan
Published: October 2011

During the commissioning (alternate unipolar and bipolar operation) of ±800KV DC transmission grounding electrode, the average grounding current is much greater than that of the steady bipolar operation, which might cause undesirable impacts on the edatope. In this study, the soil physicochemical property variations of the plant root zone (depth 0.5 m) and the soil temperature during the commissioning of the grounding electrode were monitored and analyzed. And the influence of the commissioning on plant growth was evaluated.
Radiolysis of 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-Bromdiphenyl Ether Solutions by UV and Electron Beams
Authors: Shi Wen Yan , Gu Jian Zhong , Wu Wen Jing , Sun Yan Feng , Guo Rui Yun , Xu Gang , Hu Gu Yu , Lei Jian Qiu , Wu Ming Hong
Published: October 2011

2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-bromdiphenyl ether (BDE-209) solutions were irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) and electron beams. Organic compounds were fully removed by each type of radiation. The absorbed energy of the ionizing radiation (electron beams) needed for removal was much lower than that of UV photocatalysis. BDE-209 removal using the ionizing radiation was accelerated drastically by dosage. It is suggested that pH value of solution affect the decomposition rates. Radiolysis with the high pH value showed consistently high rate and high efficiency of BDE-209 removal.
Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Compounds in Water and Surface Sediments from Taihu Lake and Nanjing Section of Changjiang, China
Authors: Yuan Xu Yin , Liu Quan , Li Ji Zhou , Ji Jun Feng , Mao Chang Ping
Published: October 2011

Samples of surface water and sediment were collected in Taihu Lake and Nanjing section of Changjiang. Organochlorine compounds(OCCs) of samples were detected to investigate the characteristics and ecological risk of them in the lake and river. The concentrations of OCCs in water of Nanjing section of Changjiang were higher than those in Taihu Lake, but the concentrations of OCCs in sediments were higher in Taihu Lake. HCHs of Taihu sediments were relatively enriched, indicating the agricultural source of compounds. PCBs of Changjiang sediments were higher compared to Taihu sediments, denoting a obvious industrial source. Comparing with other compartments in China, HCHs of the study area were higher than most sediment of Chinese rivers, DDTs didn’t show high contents in sediments, PCBs was in relatively low levels. By contrast with the relevant sediment quality guidelines of these compounds, the ecological risk of OCCs in sediments were evaluated. The OCCs of sediments in Taihu Lake and Nanjing section of Changjiang didn’t show high ecological risk.
Leaching Characteristics of Heavy Metals by TCLP Method in the Urban Soils of Quanzhou City
Authors: Yu Rui Lian , Mao Ping Ping , Hu Gong Ren
Published: October 2011

The available concentrations of heavy metals in the urban soils from different functional areas of Quanzhou city were determined using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The available concentrations of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Sb and Pb were 0.02–0.30, 0.02–0.20, 0.02–0.60, 14-500, 1.30-351, 0.10-2.40, 0.14-8.60, 0.30-50, 1.90-180, 0.06-0.60, 0.02-0.86, 0.02-8.0, 0.02-8.0 and 0.38-102 mg/kg, respectively. The extractable proportions of heavy metals were relatively low compared to their total concentrations, with the order of the extracted ratios of Cu (18.0%) > Mn (15.4%) > Ni (12.2%) > Sb (11.3%) > Zn (11.0%) > Cd (9.2%) > Co (8.9%) > Sn (3.6%) > Pb (3.1%) > As (1.9%) > Cr (0.8%) > Fe (0.2%) > V (0.1%) > Ti (0.0%).
Hydrolysis and Hydrolysis Pathways of Composite of Copper (II) and Cypermethrin
Authors: Wang Ping Li , Xie Ji Min , Liu Jun , Wei Xiao Jun
Published: October 2011

The composite of copper ion and cypermethrin (CPM) may affect the hydrolysis of CPM. The experiments considered different factors which may affect the hydrolysis of pesticides, using buffer solutions with different pH to study the hydrolysis of CPM. The results showed that the existence of Cu2+ significantly promoted the hydrolysis of CPM, which might be related to the complexes that Cu2+ and CPM had produced. The hydrolysis kinetics of CPM followed the first-order kinetics. We used GC/MS to detect the hydrolysis of CPM intermediates and proposed the possible hydrolysis pathways.
Adsorption of Hydrogen Sulfide, Carbondioxide and Methane by Zeolite (Ferrierite; H-FER): Computational Chemistry Method
Authors: Suthanyawatchai Narisara , Onthong Usa
Published: October 2011

The adsorption of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbondioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) on H-FER zeolite was investigated under computational chemistry using ONIOM (HF/6-31G (d,p):UFF) and ONIOM (B3LYP/6-31G (d,p):UFF) method. Compared to the H-FER zeolite induces much stronger binding of H2S, CO2 and CH4 suggesting great enhancements in the adsorption selectivity. The order of binding energies of adsorbed molecules is H2S > CO2 > CH4. It was found that the extended zeolitic framework covering the nanocavity was essential for describing the confinement effect of the zeolite. The results of these calculations show that the zeolite can be used to adsorb H2S bester then CO2 and CH4. Carbondioxide and hydrogen sulfide are pollutant in biogas product from anaerobic digestion of biodegradable materials. There for, zeolite can be use to purified gas before using as fuel.
Sustainability Assessment Tool for Façade Cladding
Authors: Orondo Jorge , Bedoya César
Published: October 2011

This paper introduces a sustainability assessment tool for façade cladding. This tool bases its evaluation on the economic and environmental properties of the materials. Normally, in the project process and later construction it will be difficult to assume the price and time of doing a life-cycle assessment (LCA) for each material and building system. Because of this, and until the environmental product declarations (EPD) are more used, this tool will give quick and easily enough arguments to select, according to its sustainability, the ideal façade cladding.
Soil Environmental Quality Assessment on an Abandoned Industrial Land
Authors: Liu Jing , Liao Shi Guo , Xiang Bin , Zhang Sheng Tao
Published: October 2011

With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in China, whether the abandoned industrial land can be reused has become the focus of land planning. So soil environmental quality assessment on the abandoned land is necessary. In this paper, the land of a discarded chemical plant in Chongqing, China was chosen as the study object. The concentrations of heavy metal were studied. Single Factor Pollution Index (SFPI) and Integral Pollution Index (IPI) were applied to assess the degree of soil pollution. The results revealed that the abandoned industrial soil in this work was slight polluted and could only be planned for the 2nd type of land utilization, including green land, commercial land, public facilities land, etc.
Harmonious Degree Evaluation of the Sustainable Development in Wu’an City
Authors: Tao Jin , Fu Mei Chen , Zhang Jian Jun , Xu Di
Published: October 2011

Harmonious degree of regional system is an important criterion for the sustainable development evaluation. This paper set a case of Wu’an city in Hebei province, based on emergy theory and ecological footprint theory, constructed the indices system and mathematical models for harmonious degree evaluation, and analyzed the harmonious degree among recourse, environment and economy sub-systems during 1997-2006. According to the analysis, the harmonious degree was low and had a large fluctuation during this period, and the balance of development should be further improved. Based on the results, the paper advanced some relevant recommendations from the aspects of three sub-systems.
Study on the Risk Pattern of Non-Point Source Pollution Using GIS Technology in the Dianchi Lake Watershed
Authors: Wu Cheng , Deng Guo Chun , Li Yan , Li Zhi Ying , Yang Shu Hua
Published: October 2011

A rapid quantitative risk evaluation system of non-point source pollution (NPSP), based on comprehensive consideration of various factors such as topographic features, land use construction, annual mean precipitation, soil erosion characteristics and pollutant removal cost, was constructed using an Spatial Analysis Module of GIS on watershed scale. We investigated the risk pattern of NPSP in the Dianchi Lake Watershed using the rapid risk assessment system. The results indicated that NPSP risk pattern showed the arc or normal distribution trend in the Dianchi Lake Basin, namely the medium risk area of NPSP is the largest (about 1311 km2). Moreover, the spatial difference of high risk NPSP pattern is remarkable: the high risk region for NPSP was primarily in the 10 km range of the southern and eastern parts and the 5 km range of western part around the Dianchi Lake.
The PSAT Technique for SO2 Study in Beijing
Authors: Huang Qing , Cheng Shui Yuan
Published: October 2011

In this study, a coupled MM5-CAMx air quality modeling system was proposed for simulating the SO2 concentration in Beijing, China during the heating season. The Particulate Source Apportionment Technology (PSAT) was introduced into the modeling system to investigate SO2 source apportionment from regions nearby Beijing and regions in Beijing. The results indicated that the influence from regions outside of Beijing including Hebei, Tianjin and Shanxi could not be ignored, and the total Emission Source Contribution Ratio (ESCR) from these regions was 10.8%. Metropolitan Beijing, including Chaoyang, Fengtai, the city center of Beijing, Haidian, and Shijingshan, with an ESCR of 82.5%, was the main contributing area in Beijing. The results obtained could provide useful information for Beijing’s SO2-emission control and abatement. This method could effectively identify SO2 pollution problem in a metropolis region and thus provide a scientific basis for air pollution control and mitigation.
Study on the Treatment of Cold Rolling Wastewater by Using Bio-Fluidized Bed
Authors: Song Hong Quan , Li Su Qin , Min Xiao Li
Published: October 2011

Cold rolling wastewater is very difficult for treatment with high oil content, complex composition, toxicity and other characteristics. In the conventional treatment process, the most widely used methods are ultrafiltration(UF), gas-energy-management(GEM) and membrane bioreactor(MBR). In this study, we used the biological fluidized bed to treat the cold rolling wastewater, which made the bioaugmentation apply to anaerobic biofilter and biological fluidized bed (BF-BFB) combined process, and the optimal process parameters were determined. The contents of COD and NH4+-N were 3276.8mg/L and 67.65mg/L in inflow water, and after treatment, they were reduced to 108.8mg/L and 6.36mg/L, respectively. The removal rates of COD and NH4+-N were 96.68% and 91.01%.
The Study on Prevent and Improve Ship Pollute Marine Environmental Emergency Response Capacity Building Planning
Authors: Geng Hong , Tian Xin , Jiang Yao , Wang Xuan Ya
Published: October 2011

This article introduces the foreign ship pollution emergency response capacity building, and studies and discusses national, provincial, and city emergency response capacity building planning based on multiple aspects, like object of the planning, principle of the planning, content of the planning, method of planning, etc.
Coastal Vulnerability Applied on Prevention and Management under Climate Change Impact
Authors: Chien Lein Kwei , Tseng Wen Chien , Chiu Shu Yi , Hsu Chih Hsiang , Hwang Wei Po
Published: October 2011

Recently Taiwan's coastal land is highly development and utilization. Particularly in the west coastal space carry large bearing capacity. But the study assessment of the climate change capacity for coastal zoning has less researches in Taiwan. Therefore, this study discussed the management competition in laws, regulations and space, proposed the suitable designated range and criteria, established the indicators based on Chiu [1]. On the other hand, the increasing of typhoons frequency and sea level rise on the coastal impact are discussed. Combined with vulnerability in the coastal areas, through the relevant disaster risk analysis and assessment of coastal areas can be described by future adaptation strategies to climate change and coastal protection zoning basic analysis of the basis set. This study not only defined the range for Coastal Protection Areas (CPA), but also based on the suggestion of International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) proposed the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) and Coastal Vulnerability Level (CVL) fitting Taiwan's coastal environment by 10 factors and the impact of sea level rising. Finally, we developed a classification approach and designed criteria as a reference for coastal protection zone planning in the future.
Study on Evaluation System of Aircraft Carbon Emissions for China Civil Aviation
Authors: Peng Jie , Shi Li Zhong , Wang Feng
Published: October 2011

Aircraft carbon emissions because of their special status led to the spatial vertical distribution of pollution significantly different from other stationary sources and ground transportation. This paper will research on the Great Circle Distance (GCD) between the origin and destination airports, in order to get the fuel used from the CORINAIR database, and thus base on the Fuel Consumption Method (FCM) to estimate the CO2 emissions for a single fight or certain fleet. A carbon emissions evaluation system was developed, which based on the CORINAIR database, airport location database, and flight schedule database. After enter the origin and destination airports, the calculation for a single flight has been analysis, and from the statistic data of civil aviation in China, as the end of 2010, 175 transportation airports, 1880 scheduled routes of China's civil aviation industry had been included in the database of system, to achieve the regional carbon emissions evaluation. However, at present, the real-time monitoring the aircraft emissions in flight conditions is not possible, so, this paper will also give some advice on how to resolve this problem for further researcher.
The Photocatalytic Properties of Fe3+ and N Co-Doped TiO2 Micro/Nanofiber Film for Dye Waste Water Decomposition
Authors: Yu Qiao Zhen , Jin Xiang Jun , Li Shao Yang , Wang Lei , Liang Kun Long
Published: October 2011

To obtain a TiO2 photocatalyst with high photocatalytic efficiency under visible irradiation and good reusability, the Fe3+ and N co-doped TiO2 micro/nano fiber films were fabricated by electrospinning and calcinations. The morphologies and structures of the resulting samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction and x-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). The absorbance and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were characterized respectively by UV–visible spectrophotometer and COD Rapid Tester. The results show that the Fe3+ and N co-doped TiO2 micro/nano fiber had a multi-porous structure with an average diameter of about 45 to 506 nm. The crystalinity degrees, visible light absorption of these films were affected by the dosage of Fe3+ and N co-doping (DFN). Moreover, these films exhibited high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of dye waste water under sunlight and it was related to DFN. As DFN was 0.5 %, it has highest crystalinity degree, largest visible light absorption and highest photocatalytic efficiency on dye waste water. The decolor rate of the dye waste water was as high as 67.6 % and its COD decreased from 2800±200 to 236.40 ± 15.61, when the photocatalytic time was only 3 h.
Calculation on Friction Pressure Gradient of Gas-Liquid Stratified Flows in Condensate Natural Gas Pipeline
Authors: Xiao Rong Ge , Wei Bing Qian , Chen Gang
Published: October 2011

Flow characteristics of horizontal two-phase gas-liquid stratified flows in condensate natural gas pipeline are studied through both air-water and air- natural gas condensate experiments on the large-scale multiphase experimental loop. Based on measurement and observation of flow pattern, “apparent rough surface” (ARS) model is selected to calculate frictional pressure gradient with gas-liquid momentum balance equations. The predictions of the models are compared with the data measured in the experiment. Some results of pressure gradient are obtained, so ARS interfacial shape is recommended in horizontal two-phase gas-liquid flows with low liquid loading.
Estimating Nitrogen Yield for a Catchment of Lake Taihu Based on Distributed Hydrological Modelling
Authors: Zhang Qi , Jin Li Ming , Li Xiang Hu , Li Heng Peng , Shao Min
Published: October 2011

Nitrogen and phosphorous pollution is common in China and worldwide. The pollution deteriorates water quality and even causes significant change of the freshwater ecosystem. Management must be strengthened in order to reduce the pollution to secure water supply safety and to maintain healthy ecosystems. This paper investigated the yield of total nitrogen (TN) for different land use types, exemplified in the Xitiaoxi catchment of Lake Taihu basin, where catchment-generated nitrogen pollution is severe. Extensive water quality sampling was performed for different river levels and various land use types. A distributed hydrological model was also employed to simulate the river discharges at locations where flow observation is not available, and the simulated river discharges were used for the calculation of nitrogen yield. It is found that generally the catchment’s nitrogen export is still as high as 2.6 t/km2/year. The yield for forest is 0.8-1.0 t/km2/year, while the yields for arable land and for the river sections immediately downstream of urban area are higher than the average ranging 2.8-3.3 t/km2/year. It is also concluded that the hydrological modelling using a spatially distributed model is helpful and essential in obtaining flows at any locations, which can subsequently be used jointly with the water quality data to identify the critical source areas with high nitrogen yields.
Chemical Fractionation and Bioavailability of Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in Sewage-Irrigated Soils from Xiaoqing River, Zhangqiu Area, China
Authors: Feng Su Ping , Du Xiao Lin , Liu Yong Li , Zhang Nan Nan , Lin Hai
Published: October 2011

The total contents and chemical phase partitioning of Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb from long-time sewage- irrigated soil were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the contents of Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb did not exceed the the second-level limit of Standard of Soil Environment (GB15618-1995), but the average content of Cd was 1.81 mg•kg-1, which was about three times more than the national standard. The chemical partitioning of metals analysis showed that Cd was present dominantly in the acetic acid extractable fraction with the average percentage of 37.44%, while the other four elements mostly in residual fraction, which indicated that Cd had the highest bioavailability, mobility and phyto-toxicity. Compared to the well-irrigated soils, the percentages of acetic acid extractable fractions of Cd, Ni, Zn and Cu were obviously higher in the contaminated soils, which increased the potential danger of heavy metals pollution.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide by Nanosilver
Authors: Wen Gui Qing , Ma Yan Mei , Jiang Zhi Liang
Published: October 2011

The decolored reaction between cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB) and nanosilver was studied, and a simple, rapid spectrophotometric method was established to determine CTMAB. In pH 7.8 Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4buffer solution, nanosilver exhibited a maximum absorption peak at 395 nm, and it reacted with CTMAB to form larger particles that resulted in the absorption decreasing. Under the chosen conditions, the decreased absorbance was linear to the CTMAB concentration in the range of 2.5×10-7-1.0×10-5mol/L, with the regression equation of ΔA395 = 0.0431C CTMAB + 0.0182, the correlation coefficient of 0.9968 and the detection limit of 0.21μmol/L CTMAB. The proposed method was applied to detect CTMAB in water samples, with simplicity, rapidity and accuracy.
Research on Influencing Factors of Water Environment in the Typical Western of Taihu Lake Based on the Principal Component Analysis - A Case Study of Tianmuhu Lake and Gehu Lake in Jiangsu Province
Authors: Zeng Chun Fen , Wang La Chun , Huang Wen Yu , Wang Wei
Published: October 2011

Taihu Lake basin is a typical water shortage area for water quality problem in China. Studying the influencing water environment factors in this area provides a scientific basis to propose effective pollution water control. This article selects lakes in the western basin as the study area which has the largest contribution to the pollution in Taihu Lake. Influencing factors of water pollution of Tianmuhu Lake and Gehu Lake have been analyzed based on principal component analysis of SPSS, to study the major influencing factors of water environment. The results show that the major influencing factors of water environment in Taihu Lake is dissolved oxygen, water turbidity, and water N, P and other nutrient elements, and the water environment nutrients is much influenced by the N element. While the major influencing factors of water environment in Gehu Lake is P nutrition elements, physical and chemical factors and nutrients such as N and P element, and P elements are seriously polluted. Thus, the corresponding countermeasures should be forward according to different water characteristics during the process of water Pollution Control at the basin.
Influence of Inorganic Salts on Concentration of Different Cd Forms in the Soil
Authors: Liang Pei Yu , Tan Yong Jie , Chen Li Jun , Li Wei Ke
Published: October 2011

Different soluble inorganic salts were irrigated into batches of soil samples by setting contrastive experiments on the basis of Tessier sequential extraction procedure to study their influences upon Cd forms in the soil. Research shows that all the three salts were able to influence the forms of Cd in the soil: NaCl and Na2SO4 added into the soil could increase the contents of exchangeable Cd and the higher the concentration, the greater the impact, while Na2CO3 could decrease it by 30.35%(4 g/kg Na2CO3 added) and 69.87%(8 g/kg Na2CO3 added). Carbonate content of Cd was influenced obviously by NaCl, with the decrease of 7.30%, 10.52% corresponding to low concentration and high concentration of NaCl, and Na2CO3 can increase this form slightly, Na2SO4 had little effect, so the content remained unchanged. The Fe-Mn oxidation form of Cd remained the original level when NaCl was added in the samples while it increased with the addition of Na2CO3 obviously and the concentration increased 8.67% (4 g/kg Na2CO3 added) and 51.85% (8 g/kg Na2CO3 added),but it decreased by the effect of Na2SO4. Organic Cd and the residual Cd fluctuated slightly at a very low concentration. The total Cd decreased with the addition of sodium salt.
Progress in Pre-Treatment Techniques and Chromatography Detection Methods of Microcystins in Environmental Water
Authors: Ma Ji Ping , Rui Cui Jie , Liu Yu Hua , Ge Jian Hua , Song Zhi Wen , Li Jie
Published: October 2011

The microcystins (MCs) were released by alge cells rupture when cyanobacterial blooms occur in eutrophic freshwater body. MCs are toxic, which have been considered as potential tumor promoters. MCs usually exist in water by the level of ng/L - μg/L. In this paper, the pre-treatment techniques for determinating the trace MCs, including solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), immune affinity chromatography (IAC), cloud point extraction (CPE) are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are presented. Chromatography analysis methods are also reviewed.
Correlation between Chlorophyll-a Concentration and Environmental Factors in Jihongtan Reservoir
Authors: Ma Ji Ping , Rui Cui Jie , Ge Jian Hua , Liu Yu Hua , Song Zhi Wen , Li Jie
Published: October 2011

Based on the Jihogntan reservoir’s monitoring data from 2006 to 2009, eutrophication of Jihongtan reservoir was assessed. The result showed that the nutrition level of the Jihongtan reservoir was middle in recent years. The average concentration of chlorophyll-a(Chla) was higher in summer and autumn than in spring and winter. The correlation between concentration of Chla and some environmental factors was studied by statistical method, and seasonal variation of Chla and the extent of eutrophication were also analyzed. The results showed that the correlations between Chla and total nitrogen(TN), dissolved oxygen(DO) and transparency were significantly negative, and that between Chla and total phosphorus(TP), temperature(T) and potassium permanganate index(COD Mn) were significantly positive. The growth of phytoplankton was promoted by TP and TN at low concentrations, and inhibited by TN at high concentrations.
An Investigation of the Effects of Environmental Factors on Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) Formation
Authors: Liu Xian Yun , Yang Ya Jun , Wang Zhen Ya , Zhang Wei Jun
Published: October 2011

To understand the effects of environmental factors, such as the light intensity, reaction time, the concentration of reactant on the growth of secondary organic aerosol is very important. This paper investigated the effect of environmental factors on SOA formation from biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), results show that SOA formed from OH-initiated photooxidation of BVOCs is predominantly in the form of fine particles, which have diameters less than 2.5 µm. This paper also highlighted that both the number and mass concentration of SOA particles were increasing with the prolonging of the radiation time, the increasing of light intensity, and the increasing of the reactant concentrations. The results could provide useful information to infer possible emission sources of atmospheric particles in future field measurement.
Analyses on Hydrophily and Lipophilicity of Dust in Shanghai Different Traffic Concentration Areas
Authors: Yan Jin Xia , Wang Hai Rong , Li Dong Fang
Published: October 2011

Based on process optimizing, in this article the dust was made a extraction analysis to investigate the ratio of lipophilic substances, which was collected in shanghai different traffic concentration areas. Also, the samples was made a infrared spectroscopy analysis to investigate the organic groups contained. It illustrates that the ratio of lipophilicity in traffic-intensive areas is higher up to 90.1 percent than in living area which is 33.5 percent, those of Shanghai suburb is the littlest, only 12.3 percent. the main functional groups of dust in Shanghai traffic-intensive areas are amino, associating hydroxyl, benzene ring, alkyl and-SH, which is similar to the main component of organic pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust.
Accumulation and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Phragmites australis in the Wetland of Liaohe River Estuary
Authors: Hou Yong Xia , Wang Yan , Li Hui Yin , Li Xin Xin , Hu Xiao Jun
Published: October 2011

Phytoextraction has been recognized as an alternative technique for the remediation of wetland contaminated by heavy metals. The objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of heavy metal phytoextaction by phragmites australis and the distribution in soils and phragmites australis of 13 sampling points distributed in fields of Zhaoquanhe, Yangjuanzi and Dongguo in Liaohe estuary.The results showed that the content of heavy metal of Cu and Zn is close in the three phragmites australis fields. The content of heavy metal of Pb in Dongguo field is higher than the others. The content of heavy metal of Cd is lowest for all the heavy metals in the three fields. For the content of heavy metal in different layer soils in the three phragmites australis fields, the content of heavy metal of Cu, Pb, Zn in soils of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm is higher than in other layer soils. for Cd in soils of 0-30 cm is higher than in other layer soils. And the content of heavy metal in siols of 30-40 cm is lowest for all the heavy metals. The transfer and interaction of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the soil- phragmites australis systems in the three fields is studied, the content of heavy metal of Cu, Zn, Cd is that soils>phragmites australis of aerial part>phragmites australis of underground part, and for the content of heavy metal of Pb, soils>phragmites australis of aerial part≈phragmites australis of underground part. The biological concentration factor of heavy metal of Cu, Zn, Cd is low and transfer coefficient is high relatively .
Correlation between PCDD/F, PCB and PCBz Formed by De Novo Synthesis
Authors: Shao Ke , Li Xiao Dong , Wei Ying Lei , Liu Jing Song
Published: October 2011

Large amounts of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and furans (PCDD/F), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polychlorinated benzenes (PCBz) were formed by de novo synthesis using model ashes. The de novo synthesis was affected by SO2 and H2O. Knowledge of congener pattern and homologue profiles of PCDD/F, PCB and PCBz is help for elaborating the mechanism of formation and influence of the toxic compounds formed by de novo synthesis. By the help of the component analysis (CA) the best correlated congeners are effectively detected. Various good correlated pairs between PCDD/F, PCB and PCBz have been elaborated by using linear regression between the 15 samples. It was found that a good correlation between PCBz and PCDF.
Research on Energy-Saving Awareness, Energy-Saving Policies and Sustainable Development in China
Authors: Yang Fan
Published: October 2011

Increasing public awareness of energy-saving by energy policy is an important way of achieving sustainable development. This paper establishes indicator system to measure the energy-saving awareness of Chinese residents, uses the multiple linear regression method to analyze which energy-saving policy would affect the energy-saving awareness most significantly and finally gets the conclusion that the policies of making laws, conducting propaganda and improving the residents’ education level has a significant impact on raising the awareness of energy-saving, and the policies of increasing price of energy resource, offering energy subsidies, and restricting energy supply can hardly raise people’s awareness of energy-saving.
Interpretive Structural Modeling of Critical Success Factors for Implementing Green Process Innovation in Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Bi Ke Xin , Ma Hui Zi , Li Wan Hong
Published: October 2011

Green process innovation is innovating manufacturing technology, process or organization management in an environment-friendly, energy-efficient and low-carbon way. 10 main factors that affect the successful implementation of green process innovation in manufacturing enterprises were categorized into TOE framework. Interrelationships of those critical success factors were structured by interpretive structural modeling, the results of which illustrated the influential structure for implementing green process innovation successfully, and could provide a systematic structure for managers and researchers that commit to the development of green process innovation.
A Technical Solution of Service Cloud Building for Energy-Saving and Emission-Reduction in Manufacture Industry
Authors: Zhao Rong Yong , Wang Jian , Ling Wei Qing
Published: October 2011

Nowadays the deteriorating global climate alters us to lower the energy consumption and reduce the emission simultaneously. In the aspect of economy, energy-saving and emission-reduction are feasible methods to lower the product cost, and to obtain more profits for a factory or an enterprise. There are increasing energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies designed by governments, device manufacturers, software companies, research institutes. Thereby a real problem arising is how to select the appropriate solutions for a factory or an enterprise according to their real production characteristics and different duration plan for their future development. Cloud service, as a novel service mode, supplies a new solution for the problem of selection and realization about the possible technologies to save energy consumption and reduce the emission from the real production line. Therefore this paper proposes a technical solution of service cloud building for energy-emission and emission-reduction in manufacturing industry. Then main function modules are designed, and this paper explains the key-technologies to build this service cloud respectively. Finally some useful conclusions are drawn for the real application of service cloud in the engineering respectively.
The Research in Programme of Action and Regulations Promoting the Development of Green Building
Authors: Liu Qi Bo , Zhang Nan , Liu Pei Fang
Published: October 2011

The development of green building from a vague understanding to the formulation of the programme of action; from the initial establishment of policy support to the procedure of evaluation system. This paper tries to by the analysis the charter of relevant international organizations,actions, the world in terms of policies and regulations and evaluation system about the green building to describes the history and develop trend of green building, to make the industry have a comprehensive understanding about the all-aruond development of the green building.
Research on the Effect of Natural Ventilation on Buses in Summer Based on CFD Numerical Simulation Method
Authors: Lin Bao , Wang Xue Ting , Hu Xiao
Published: October 2011

Because of the relatively narrow space and high density distribution of the passengers, the bus interior environment deteriorates in summer. Natural ventilating introduces a fresh natural freeze, provides the bus interior with appropriate distribution of air supply temperature and velocity field. Making good use of natural ventilation is an operating strategy ideal for improving passengers’ satisfaction, which is considered as an environmental friendly and cost effective approach. Based on CFD numerical simulation, with a whole-domain approach, this paper predicts air flow and thermal comfort in naturally ventilated bus. The outside and inside airflow is modelled simultaneously and within the same computational domain. The thermal environment in different parts of the bus interior is compared. Different vehicle velocities and conditions of windows are taken into account, analysis are made regarding to the effect of both of them on the interior thermal comfort. The result shows, air disturbance at the bus rear parts are intenser than the other parts with better thermal satisfaction; the quality of air flow in different parts makes the temperature difference in bus achieve as high as 3°C; the use of roof openings distributes the temperature more evenly.
An Empirical Study of the Relationship between Urbanization and the Real Estate Investment in China
Authors: Liu Gui Wen , Zheng Qin
Published: October 2011

As two of debatable social topics in China, urbanization and the real estate investment draw more and more attention. So research effort is worth making to clarify the relationship between them. The authors make an organizing and summarizing of china’s urbanization and the present state of real estate investment by referring the documents on the same topic to a better understanding of the relationship between them in China. To further analyze the relationship and interaction mechanism of the two economic variables, this paper conducts an empirical analysis on the causality between urbanization and real estate investment through econometrics models including unit root test, co-integration test and Granger causality test, and studies the relationship of real estate investment growth and urbanization level growth from 1986-2008.
The Utilization Planning of Historic and Cultural Buildings in Declined Region: In the Case of Gongrencun Region in Shenyang City of China
Authors: Chai Ning , Choi Mack Joong
Published: October 2011

As an industrial city, Shenyang has made important contributions to China. However, with the industrial restructuring since the reform and opening up, many factories were either moved to the suburbs or closed down; workers lost their jobs, which results in a regional decline. Gongrencun region is a declined region in Shenyang city, and it has lagged behind other regions. To change the status quo, Shenyang city government began to implement urban regeneration policy from April, 2000. Workers Life Hall and Cast Museum were built in this period, which is conceived as the representative practice of urban regeneration because of their good effects on regional development. Basing on the practice of urban regeneration in Gongrencun region, this paper will elaborate the limitations of regeneration approaches by analyzing the negative impacts brown about by the simple redevelopment and propose a scheme of sustainable regeneration for Gongrencun region.
The Culture Memory of the Times — In Urban Redevelopment Should Strengthen the Historical Building Protection
Authors: Mo Wei , Wang Yao Qi
Published: October 2011

Every city has its own history , every nation has its own unique culture . Historical and cultural city as the ancient city of outstanding representative , has important history, culture, art and scientific value . But urban development to the pluralism and urgency of urban construction and historical and cultural heritage protection contradiction . The traditional culture and the modern technology homozygous coexistence , mutual coordination , protect reuse historical building needs government , professional and public unity . The urban culture memory the visual sense except image, and the imagination of space environment around feeling, from ancient to modern, step by step, the change of records of history, environment evolution. So we protection is not isolated cage, but far concept and shall touch, but feel history of memories, and precipitate social function, make it play to bring cultural value and urban economic value, achieve a low carbon cities balanced development.
Field Measurements on Micro-Climate and Cooling Effect of River Wind on Blocks near the River in Wuhan
Authors: Huang Yan Yan , Chen Hong , Cai Ying , Yuan Li
Published: October 2011

The special climate effects of waterbody have greater influence on the micro-climate of waterfront. Therefore, taking a typical block alongside Yangtze River as example, the researchers make the field measurement of micro-climate at fixed locations and analyze cooling effect of river wind. It aims to find out the micro-climate adjustment mechanism of Yangtze River, thus providing a guidance for urban planning and architecture design.
Research on a Fuzzy Neural Network Based Medical Institutions Selection in Subway Station Emergency
Authors: Zou Zong Feng , Guo Hong Xia
Published: October 2011

The paper introduces fuzzy neural network into the selection of medical institutions in subway station emergency in view of some negatives of previous evaluation approaches. It also makes comprehensive analysis about affecting factors of subway station incident, and constructs the evaluation index system, and then proposes a new evaluation approach. This approach is a fuzzy neural network. The parameters accident factors, medical institutions' conditions and external environment are trained firstly.Then to construct a fuzzy neural network evaluation model and thereby derive the evaluating value of the selection of medical institutions in subway station emergency. Experimental results show that this method is effective, feasible and highly accurate.
Research on Industrial Clusters Networks Degree Distribution Evolving Features Based on Expected Return Factor
Authors: Wang Yong Jun , Huang Xun Jiang
Published: October 2011

The key that firms constructing and maintaining the coordination relations in industrial clusters was the pursuit for profit. The pursuit dominated the evolving of industrial clusters networks structure. And it was featured in the dynamic evolving of its degree distribution. The industrial clusters networks degree distribution model was presented based on expected return factor by use of mean-field theory. Its evolving phase features were also studied by using simulation method. The main findings were as follows: (i) the model had the both properties of BA model and exponential distribution model and it was the extension of them. (ii)The industrial clusters networks degree distribution had scale-free property. The power exponent was influenced by the number of new added edges, proportion of complementary firms, expected return and its weight. Its value was larger than one. (iii)The degree distribution fluctuated regularly as the life cycle of industrial clusters. The main trend was getting more and more gentle. That was to say there would be more focal firms and not only first -come-first-rich and rich-get-richer. (iv)The exponent was larger in higher risk industrial clusters. (v)Complementary industrial clusters would more likely evolve to the central satellite type structure.
The Research on Reasonable Support Capacity of Workface in Coal Seam with Thin Upper Cover
Authors: Lu Ming Xin , Liu Cun Yu , Zhao Zhong Li , Wang Guo Yong , Zhang Ming , Huo Li Jie , Sun Guang Jun
Published: October 2011

The showing of ground pressure is severe in workface of coal seam with thin upper cover, due to the thin upper rock seam and the action of upper incompact cover. Generally, the thin cover coal seam with 90m upper cover can be defined as Coal seam with thin cover. The result of simulation experiment for workface with thin cover and 5m mining height shows that under overburden pressure, the step subsidence is obvious, and balanced structure is still formed in surrounding rock, under overburden pressure. But the shape and form of balanced structure are different from the balanced structure formed upper coal seam with normal buried depth. There appears step or dislocation between the upper rock seam in workface and the balanced structure in the mined-out area, and the quantity of dislocation is 2m. But no step subsidence appears in the simulation for the workface with thin cover and 3m mining height. So the mining height is the key for the step subsidence. This paper gives out the movement model of surrounding rock upper the workface in thin cover coal seam and chooses 1 MPa as the support capacity for the first workface of Gaotouyao Colliery based on calculation.
Research on the Stability of Photovoltaic Industrial Chain under the Condition of Bounded Rationality
Authors: Sun Wei Min , Shen Jin Sheng
Published: October 2011

Under the condition of bounded rationality, make use of evolutionary game theory to analyze the stability between node enterprises of photovoltaic industrial chain. In the process of spontaneous evolution, the strategy of upstream and downstream enterprises of photovoltaic industrial chain depends on their primary state strongly. However, under the guidance of government policy, all upstream and downstream enterprises in photovoltaic industrial chain adopt cooperative strategy to guarantee its stable development, which reflects the important roles of government policy orientation in the development of emerging industrial chain.
Sustainable Development Strategy for Energy in China
Authors: Li Yun Feng , Lu Gang , Chen Wen
Published: October 2011

To realize effective coordination between economy and energy as well as environment, Chinese government has set out a comprehensive objective to achieve 4 times GDP growth with only 2 times energy consumption and 10% emission reduction by 2020, hence the sustainable development strategic planning for energy is particularly vital. Based on the analysis of international environments and domestic conditions of energy development in China, this article has made a more systematical and deeper research in countermeasure for solving those identified problems. Finally, a series of in-depth strategies and suggestions on sustainable development for China’s energy are put forward.
The Development and Utilization of New Energy
Authors: Dong Shi Bao , Hu Li Ming , Li Xuan Min , Ouyang Xiao Dong
Published: October 2011

This document explains the concept of new energy and the significance of its development and utilization, then it discusses the characteristics, energy conversion form, application methods and efficiency of solar, wind, biomass, geothermal and ocean energy, lastly, it puts forward some suggestions on how to develop new energy.
Evolution Path Analysis of Economic Gravity Center and Air Pollutants Gravity Center in Shaanxi Province
Authors: Hu Lin , Jiang Chuang Ye , Li Zhan Bin , Zhang Xia , Li Peng , Wang Qi , Zhang Wen Jing
Published: October 2011

This paper make use of Gravity Model, calculate evolution path of the economic gravity center and air pollutants gravity center in Shaanxi Province adoption the past 10 years (1999 ~ 2008), economic and environmental data. Research shows: economic center of gravity shifted towards the northwest and offset in the north-south direction than east-west extent of the degree of deviation. Air pollutants gravity center is also the focus shifted to the northeast, but the deviation is less than the economic gravity center shift. Air pollution emissions and economic gravity center there are positive correlation, and the center and the dust generated SO2 emissions from the center of gravity strong positive correlation.
Research on Freeway Investment Risk Assessment Model Based on Variable-Structure Neural Network
Authors: Wang Zuo Gong , Li Jun Wei
Published: October 2011

Neural network models have widely been applied in assessment and perdition of economic and social fields, including risk assessment. Thus, it becomes a subject for the theory of neural network to study how to improve accuracy in the premise of ensuring convergence rate of BP (Back Propagation) neural network. On the basis of recent studies and disadvantages of traditional BP neural network, in terms of structural optimization to improve accuracy, the paper presents a variable-structure neural network where it is re-linking randomly process from neurons of input layer to neurons of output layer and from neurons of hidden layer to neurons of output layer. Secondly, the variable structure neural network of re-linking random process is applied in freeway investment risk assessment. Results of a cast indicate that the proposed model is sufficiently reasonably.
Experimental Study on Collective Evolution of Short Fatigue Crack in Low Carbon Steel under Complex Stress State and High Temperature
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Zheng , Song Xi Geng
Published: October 2011

The collective evolution of short fatigue crack was experimentally studied through differently-notched cylindrical specimens under symmetrical triangle wave load. A simple and feasible method to measure the damage variable was introduced. The crack length and surface damage variable were obtained by the observation system, the measurement software and the Matlab program. The results show that: Grain boundary is the key factor leading to plateau regions phenomena during the increasing process of crack length; the group behavior of short fatigue crack is measurable and can be described by surface damage variable (D); the fitting curves ofD-N/Nfpresent remarkable stage characteristics.
Amylase Immobilized on a Reticulated Polymer Containing Rosin Group
Authors: Zeng Qian , Ma Hao , Lei Fu Hou , Liu Hong Quan , Tang Cui Hong
Published: October 2011

Two polymer carriers of reticulated rosin group were synthesized to immobilize amylase in this paper, the nature of immobilized amylase was inspected. Results indicated that the optimal temperature for immobilize amylase was 40 °C, the optimal pH was 6.4, thermal stability and acid-base stability was superior to free amylase, 17% of the amylase activity existed after been used six times.