bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cotton Wool Spots in a Patient with COVID-19
Authors: Melik-Kasumyan Kristineh , Ilsen Pauline F.
Published: October 2022

Background

COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has affected over 519 million people worldwide. COVID-19 has not only been associated with significant respiratory illness, but also substantial systemic inflammatory, hypercoagulable, and thrombotic states. The ocular effects of COVID-19 have not been well identified at this time; however, there have been established associations of COVID-19 related retinopathy with systemic comorbidities, including yet not limited to hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions.

Case Presentation

A 75-year-old male presented for a routine eye examination 20 days after developing symptoms of COVID-19. He was found to have numerous parapapillary cotton wool spots. After extensive testing to rule out other potential etiologies, it was concluded that the cotton wool spots were caused by his recent COVID-19 infection. The systemic differential diagnoses and possible mechanisms by which the cotton wool spots developed in this case are discussed.

Conclusions

Understanding the impacts of COVID-19 on ocular health and inclusion of COVID-19 as a differential in a patient with retinopathy and a positive case history for COVID-10 is essential for eyecare professionals.

CE Notification

This article is available as a COPE accredited CE course. You may take this course for 1-hour credit. Read the article and take the qualifying test to earn your credit. Click here to Enroll (https://www.crojournal.com)

Please check COPE course expiry date prior to enrollment. The COPE course test must be taken before the course expiry date.
Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lens Management of Infantile Aphakia Status-Post Cataract Extraction
Authors: Levine Melissa
Published: October 2022

Infants born with congenital cataracts require cataract extraction to prevent lifelong visual impairment resulting from deprivational amblyopia. After lensectomy, two optimal corrective treatment options exist: intraocular lens implantation or contact lens correction. This case presentation describes the etiology, treatment, and successful management of a patient with unilateral infantile aphakia with a rigid contact lens. The seven-week-old patient with a congenital cataract of the right eye was referred to our clinic for a contact lens fitting prior to cataract extraction. Surgeons often do not elect to manage aphakia with artificial lens implantation because the correct intraocular lens parameter is difficult to infer in a rapidly growing child, and surgical complications may occur. While glasses are important for when contact lens wear is not indicated, the high prescription required by these aphakic individuals results in significant visual distortion and aniseikonia. Contact lens correction has shown to be a safe and visually effective alternative to treating infantile aphakes. Various material options exist, including rigid gas permeable and soft lenses. While soft hydrogel lenses may appear more comfortable and less intimidating to a parent, limitations exist including restricted parameter availability for commercially produced lenses and reduced oxygen permeability for custom soft lenses. Rigid contact lenses provide optimal visual correction due to their extensive customizability while also offering high oxygen permeability. This lens modality, in conjunction with proper follow-up monitoring and ophthalmological co-management, provided for successful aphakia treatment in our patient.

CE Notification:

This article is available as a COPE accredited CE course. You may take this course for 1-hour credit. Read the article and take the qualifying test to earn your credit. Click here to Enroll. (https://www.crojournal.com)

Please check COPE course expiry date prior to enrollment. The COPE course test must be taken before the course expiry date.
Lignins and their potential for use as biopolymers in pharmaceutical engineering - a review
Authors: Zongo Luc , Lange Heiko
Published: October 2022

Nature offers a diverse set of renewable biopolymers, among them the variety of natural polyphenols, whose structural diversity provides opportunities for further manipulation like the generation of chemicals and novel functional materials. These land‑based renewable biomaterials exhibit also a wide range of heterogeneous intrinsic reactivities and activities that render them ideal starting oligomeric and polymeric materials for the generation of multifunctional supramolecular structures as well as the development of high value-added materials.

Lignins in particular display a variety of common physico‑chemical features that can be of enormous interest with respect to their eventual use in the pharmaceutical area. These natural polyphenols possess some interesting pharmaceutical properties such as antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory, antibacterial and eventually antiviral activities. In addition, based on their chemical features, i.e., oligomers and/or polymers of monolignol C9-building blocks. lignins can be exploited in the pharmaceutical sector mainly as material for generation of matrices and carriers for drug delivery. The present work attempts a review of the state of the art in lignin use in pharmaceutical applications.

 

Keywords

biopolymers, lignins, microcapsules, nanoparticles, renewable resources
PENGGUNAAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR
Authors: Hakim M. Nur , Suparman  , Herdiana Besse , Etik
Published: October 2022

Pembelajaran saat ini tidak terbatas lagi oleh ruang dan waktu. Peserta didik dapat belajar, menemukan informasi, dan pengetahuan baru dengan mengkases melalui internet. Kreativitas dosen sangat dibutuhkan dalam menunjang kegiatan pembelajaran daring agar lebih efektif. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan dengan membuat video materi ajar atau membagikan video dari media Youtube yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan video pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran daring. Sebanyak 30 partisipan yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini, khususnya mahasiswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran mata kuliah bahasa Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengamatan dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa rata-rata partisipan terlihat aktif mengikuti perkuliahan dengan menunjukkan respons ketika berdiskusi dan mengerjakan tugas sesuai dengan materi yang dibahas pada video. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan video pembelajaran dapat memberikan dampak positif dalam meningkatan motivasi belajar mahasiswa selama pembelajaran daring.
Penerapan Edukasi Hukum kepada Masyarakat terhadap Bahaya Minuman Keras Beralkohol di Kota Kendari
Authors: LESTARI DEWI AYU , Tahir Muhammad
Published: October 2022

Fenomena maraknya perdagangan minuman beralkohol merupakan hal yang sering ditemukan khususnya di Indonesia. Umumnya hal ini terjadi beberapa karena kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah yang menekan produksi minuman beralkohol legal. Penerapan kebijakan pelarangan beredarnya minuman beralkohol sangat jelas bertujuan  untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan nilai dan pola hidup sehat serta meminimalisir tingkat kriminalitas sebagai dampak dari konsumsi alkohol yang menjadi pengaruh besarnya tingkat kriminalitas yang terjadi. Efektifitas hukuman sebagai pemberian efek jera baik kepada pengonsumsi maupun kepada penjual dan produsen. Karena itu dibutuhkan cara represif, preventif dan pre-emtif dalam pengedukasian mengenai bahaya minuman keras, tidak dengan serta merta memberi hukuman dengan tujuan efek jera tetapi lebih mengedepankan edukasi hukum mengenai nilai-nilai yang seharusnya ditaati dan hal yang perlu dihindari khususnya ketika berbicara tentang bahaya minuman keras beralkohol mengenai dampak dan efek sampingnya baik bagi kesehatan maupun bagi lingkungan sekitar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan yuridis empiris yaitu suatu pendekatan melalui penelahan dilapangan yang  dilakukan untuk mengetahui hukum dalam kenyataan.
Comment améliorer les services communautaires et les soins de santé aux jeunes adultes atteints du cancer : suggestions présentées au cours d’un atelier multipartite
Authors: Bilodeau Karine , Hartono Benedicta , Lee Virginia , Folch Nathalie , Charpentier Danielle , Vachon Marie-France , Pomey Marie-Pascale , Sultan Serge , Vinette Billy , El-Akhras Ali
Published: October 2022

Contexte et objectifs : Bien qu’il existe des soins de santé et des services communautaires aux survivants, ceux-ci sont sous-utilisés par les jeunes adultes atteints du cancer (c’est-à-dire âgés de 18 à 39 ans). Un atelier a été organisé à Montréal (Canada) visant à cerner les besoins des JAC signalés par cette population au cours de la transition post-thérapeutique et à examiner les services qui leur sont offerts actuellement. Méthodologie : Dix-sept intervenants (n = 17) ont été recrutés, dont 7 jeunes adultes ayant eu le cancer (JAC), et nous leur avons demandé de prendre part à un atelier d’une journée visant à examiner les meilleures approches et pratiques qui permettraient de combler les besoins des JAC après le traitement. Toutes les discussions ont été transcrites, puis une analyse qualitative des thèmes a été effectuée. Résultats : Deux grands constats ressortent : les différences et les similitudes entre les parties prenantes concernant les perceptions des besoins post-traitement ; et des suggestions pour répondre aux besoins des JAC, après le traitement. Conclusions : Les résultats montrent l’importance de la collaboration entre les différents intervenants, y compris les JAC, lorsqu’il s’agit de concevoir des services destinés aux JAC. Les résultats comprennent des suggestions visant à améliorer la qualité des services offerts dans la collectivité et les établissements de soins de santé. Mots clés : participation du patient, participation de la collectivité, survie, jeune adulte, cancer, services de soins de santé
'I don't feel like I'm learning how to be a doctor': early insights regarding the impact of Covid-19 on UK medical student professional identity
Authors: Harvey Anna , Brown Megan , Byrne Matthew , Alexander Laith , Wan Jonathan , Ashcroft James , Schindler Nicholas , Brassett Cecilia
Published: October 2022

Introduction

 

Professional identity formation is a priority of medical training. Covid-19 caused disruption to medical education. We ask how this disruption impacted professional identity formation through the lens of the activities performed – or not performed – by medical students during the first wave of the covid-19 pandemic, and perceptions of conflicts between these activities.

 

Methods

 

A pragmatic mixed-methods survey was distributed to medical students in the UK. The survey was active from 2nd May to 15th June 2020, during the height of the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK. Operating within the paradigm of constructivism, we conducted a reflexive thematic analysis of qualitative responses to three open questions. Analysis was focused around the disruption to medical education, actions taken by medical students during this disruption, and the tension between student actions (where they existed in conflict).

 

Results

 

We analysed 928 responses and constructed three themes:

Status and role as a future doctor

Status and role as a student

Status and role as a member of the wider community

 

Conflict arose at the intersections between these three themes. Students noted that lack of clinical exposure was detrimental to their education, implicitly recognising that some aspects of professional identity formation require the clinical environment. Participants were keen to volunteer clinically, but struggled to balance this and academic work. Participants worried about risk to their families and the wider community and wanted to ensure their skills added value to the clinical environment. Volunteers felt frustrated when they were unable to perform tasks aligning with their identity as a future doctor. An exception was participants who worked as interim FY1s, aligned with the role of an FY1. 

 

Conclusions

 

Medical students feel a duty to help during crises. There is conflict when different aspects of their identity demand different actions. Covid-19 heightened issues with developing professional identity for medical students, including lack of a defined role, and perceived undervaluing of their skills by other members of the healthcare team. Care must be taken to nurture professional identity formation even during periods of disruption.
A CIÊNCIA ESPÍRITA
Authors: Marques Marcos Moreira
Published: October 2022

O texto apresenta o processo de aproximação entre mesmerismo, homeopatia e espiritismo, na França da primeira metade do século XIX, como elemento fundamental na elaboração da doutrina espírita. Além disso, procura discutir como o estabelecimento do magnetismo animal e da homeopatia, juntamente com diversas práticas de cura oriundas da cultura negra e indígena, contribuiu para que o espiritismo encontrasse um ambiente propício para sua disseminação no Brasil, após sua chegada ao Rio de Janeiro na década de 1860. Médicos, homeopatas, advogados, políticos e jornalistas, além de vários indivíduos sem formação acadêmica, diziam ser capazes de curar com ajuda dos espíritos, o que propiciou a aproximação da doutrina com o povo, sem que essa atração tenha se convertido em adeptos, levando ainda, a diversos embates entre aqueles que entendiam o espiritismo como uma ciência e os que o viam como uma religião.
O SERTÃO NOS FOLHETINS DOUTRINÁRIOS DE BEZERRA DE MENEZES (1880-1900)
Authors: Lemos Flávio Luan Freire , Cunha André Victor Cavalcanti Seal da
Published: October 2022

O artigo tem por objetivo identificar as representações sobre as paisagens, sujeitos e práticas sertanejas do norte do Brasil, dadas a ler pela pena romanesca de Bezerra de Menezes. Trata-se como fontes os folhetins doutrinários A Casa Assombrada, A Pérola Negra e Evangelho do Futuro publicados no jornal espírita Reformador entre janeiro de 1888 a dezembro de 1911 (com o intervalo de publicação entre 1891 e 1901). Assim sendo, buscaremos compreender sobre qual sertão o romancista se refere em sua escrita, além dos possíveis diálogos constituídos com a produção intelectual até então existente sobre os sertões nortistas. Com isso, situamos seus romances doutrinários na literatura regionalista, emergida em fins do século XIX – transbordando sua função primeira, de divulgação do Espiritismo Kardecista.
A IMPRENSA ESPÍRITA PAULISTA (1873-1911)
Authors: Nogueira Fausto Henrique Gomes
Published: October 2022

O presente texto analisa a imprensa autodenominada espírita, particularmente no contexto de modernização republicana em São Paulo, entre o final do século XIX e início do XX. Nesse sentido, efetua um inventário dos jornais e revistas e de seus diferentes projetos editoriais, além de apresentar os principais intelectuais espíritas envolvidos com a edição destes impressos. Estes periódicos foram fruto da atividade associativa dos espíritas, estruturada no modelo de sociedades de ideias, e que buscavam evidenciar a doutrina a partir da articulação de uma diversidade de debates relacionados aos aspectos religiosos, científicos ou culturais do espiritismo, às relações com outras doutrinas espiritualistas do período, e às questões sociais e políticas da época, estabelecendo relações de sociabilidade com outros grupos anticlericais e defendendo projetos de transformação social
ESPÍRITAS DE ESQUERDA
Authors: Scarpioni Marcos
Published: October 2022

O contexto sociorreligioso nas cidades brasileiras tem passado por muitas transformações por influência da pandemia Covid-19 e de políticas públicas implementadas (ou não). Por conseguinte, no movimento sociorreligioso kardecista emerge um grupo com novo perfil, os espíritas de esquerda. Neste artigo, justificamos e objetivamos nossa busca pela compreensão de quais seriam as motivações, as influências, os fatores e demais pressupostos que tem con(in)duzido esta ruptura, dissidência e/ou reconstrução do espiritismo à brasileira. Logo, nisto está posto o fio condutor de nossa inquietação. Como procedimentos metodológicos adotamos levantamento bibliográfico nas redes midiáticas priorizando os discursos, os estudos e eventos espíritas nas principais fontes de propagação do movimento espíritas que abordam este assunto, como por exemplo: Federação e União das Sociedades Espíritas de São Paulo, dentre outras.
IS CHRISTIANITY A SIMPLIFIED FORM OF BUDDHISM?
Authors: Silva Wanderley Dias da
Published: October 2022

The Buddhist concept śūnyatā, often translated as “void” or “emptiness” ― and understood as the supreme state of spiritual liberation ― is possibly the concept of the doctrine most discussed by both specialized commentators and scholars in the West. That said, the idea is quite often misinterpreted to imply “nothingness” and/or “nihilism”. The present essay seeks to shed some light on this matter, by discussing and contrasting the Buddhist term with one central notion in Christianity, namely, agápē. The overarching claim is that the confusion regarding the meaning of śūnyatā only obscures some of the most basic and important points of contact between the teachings of the Buddha and those of Jesus of Nazareth in the Gospels. The methodology adopted is the textual interpretation of authors from different areas, such as philosophy, theology, among others, as well as the interpretation of religious texts. As a result, it might be suggested that agápē originates where śūnyatā originates.
The impacts of demographic transition on embodied energy consumption and typology of residential buildings: the case study of Tehran’s Region 5
Authors: Teymoori Narjes , Mirmoghtadaee Mahta
Published: October 2022

Changes in the structural characteristics of the population, such as age structure, household size, and number of households indicate shifts in the population age structure, moving from the younger towards the older populations and result in the reduction of household size. Former extended families have turned into a nuclear and even one-person household. Shifts in household status, both household composition, and household size lead to the formation of a new housing typology. It can affect the type, number, and floor area of ​​residential units as well as the amount of embodied energy used in the wet zones (kitchen, bathroom, and toilet), which are fixed, inflexible and costly areas of a residential unit. This study attempts to investigate the effect of demographic transition on the housing typology and embodied energy consumption of wet zones. The research is based on a case study: first, the changes in the population characteristics were examined by referring to the data published by the statistics Center of Iran. Then a field survey of residential buildings was started, to identify the number of floors, and the number of residential units. Then interviews with 15 developers have be conducted to investigate the significant changes in the housing typology and the common plan of the area. The common plan of residential units was then examined to assess the floor areas of wet zones and to compare their ratios to dry zones. In the next step, the amount of materials and embodied energy in each wet zone were calculated. The analysis of the reports by the statistics Center of Iran on the case study showed an age transition from the younger to the older, a decrease in the household size, and a change in the housing typology in the case study. The interview with developers and field survey on 831 land plots indicated three periods of changes in the housing typology in the case study between 1987 and 2018. During each period, in each plot of land, more residential units with fewer floor areas were built and the amount of embodied energy used by the wet zones increased.
A Study of Plasmonic Properties of a Rhodium I-shaped Nanomaterial
Authors: SHI Yaru , ZHANG Yue , WANG Wei , XIONG Tao , DONG Dandan , SUN Cheng
Published: October 2022

In this work, the optical properties of a rhodium I-shaped nanomaterial are studied. In the UV-visible regime, the scattering efficiency and the electric field are calculated via the finite-difference time-domain method, with the parameters varying including the height, the length ratio, and the polarization of the incident light. The results show that multiple resonance peaks are observed in the scattering spectrum in the ultraviolet region, corresponding to different electromagnetic modes. It is also revealed that the peak strength of the nanostructure can be effectively tuned by adjusting the structural parameters. The proposed rhodium nanomaterial may provide a theoretical basis for the design of optical devices in the ultraviolet regime. The obtained results provide useful guidance for the implementation of nanoantenna and fluorescence enhancement, etc.
Die französischen Präsidentschaftswahlen vom 10. und 24. April 2022: Schwelende Unzufriedenheit genügt nicht für einen Machtwechsel
Authors: Kempf Udo
Published: October 2022

President Emmanuel Macron hesitated about his renewed presidential candidacy. According to the polls, an election victory in the second round against his fiercest rival, the far-right Marine Le Pen, was by no means certain. Tue election campaign was dominated by the inflation of fuel and food prices. Macron won the first round of voting ahead of Le Pen. However, her considerable success once again demonstrated the extent to which her ideas are now permanently anchored throughout the country. And yet, Macron had succeeded in being a credible alternative for a large proportion of previous voters on the left, right, and center. Tue once large governing and opposition parties (Gaullists and Socialists) had shrunk to insignificance. For the second round of voting, the incumbent intensified his hitherto rather restrained campaign by targeting in particular non-voters and supporters of the radical leftist Jean-Luc Mélenchon, who had lost in the first round. Although Macron lost more than seven percentage points compared to the 2017 election and suffered losses almost everywhere in the country, he won the election with 58.55 percent. His far-right challenger Le Pen achieved her best-ever election result of 41.45 percent and made notable gains throughout the country. Some worrying trends continued: among others, a high level of abstention, especially among younger voters (29 percent of whom did not vote) as well as the split between urban (Macron) and rural (Le Pen) voters, increasing rejection of the EU, and support for protectionism.
Paneuropäische politische Parteien: Modellierung, Vorzüge und rechtliche Förderung
Authors: Kohn Fiene
Published: October 2022

For decades, political parties have accompanied and pushed for the integration of the European Union. Now, it is time for the next step: pan-European parties. Although they do not exist yet they could represent the direct strand of legitimacy best as they would be especially well suited to fulfill the duties given to political parties in Article 10 (4) TEU. In order to establish such a type of party, inequalities between party models need to be abolished by eliminating the requirement of electoral success that political parties must fulfill in order to be entered into the party registry. Targeted incentives in European election laws, in particular transnational lists, could promote the development of this extraordinarily integrative type of political parties.
Hypotheken der Vergangenheit: Geschichte und Rahmenbedingungen der aktuellen Verfassungsgebung in Chile
Authors: Lunau Ralf
Published: October 2022

Between July 4th, 2021 and July 4th, 2022, a Constitutional Convention met in Santiago de Chile to draft a new constitution for the Republic of Chile. Tue convening of this body was preceded by social unrest in October 2019, which fundamentally called into question the semblance of the country’s social and political stability. Constitutional legacies from the time of the civil-military dictatorship have survived the years of transition to democracy and the rule of law and, with their long-term effects, have caused an institutional rigidness in the country that contributed significantly to the insolvability of pending social problems. Tue analysis of what came before the current constitutional process not only proves to be the key to understanding this process and the draft of the constitution itself. It also offers exemplary insights into the immanent contradictions of comparable transformation processes that Chile has undergone in the approximately thirty years since the end of the dictatorship.
Fürs Vererben werben
Authors: Willich Monika
Published: October 2022

Rund 300 Milliarden Euro werden pro Jahr in Deutschland vererbt. Viele Menschen können sich vorstellen, in ihrem Testament eine gemeinnützige Organisation zu bedenken. Große Unternehmen der Sozial- und Gesundheitswirtschaft verfügen dazu über ausdifferenzierte Fundraising-Abteilungen, doch auch kleine Träger können sich um Vermächtnisse und Erbschaften bemühen und dabei ihre regionale Bekanntheit nutzen. Konzeptionelles Nachlassfundraising benötigt vor allem Ressourcen, Strukturen und eine einsichtige Notwendigkeit, so die Fundraising-Expertin Monika Willich.
Digitalisierung aus der Sicht von Sportlehrer:innen
Authors: Roth Anne-Christin
Published: October 2022

Die Digitalisierung von Schule und Unterricht ist inzwischen zu einem Thema von öffentlichem Interesse geworden. Dabei verbleibt die Diskussion häufig auf einer technischen oder qualifikatorischen Ebene. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht einen anderen Weg und rekonstruiert soziale Deutungsmuster von Sportlehrkräften zur Digitalisierung mittels systematischer Metaphernanalyse. Ziel der Studie ist es, Einstellungen und Werthaltungen von Sportlehrkräften gegenüber der potentiell lernförderlichen Wirkung digitaler Medien zu erfassen, weil diese als Bestandteil einer umfassenden medienpädagogischen Kompetenz verstanden werden. Die Analyse zeigt, dass Sportlehrkräfte Digitalisierung vielfach als Bedrohung für ihre Schüler:innen ansehen. Aus ihrer Sicht mangelt es vielen Schüler:innen an der Fähigkeit, ihr Handeln in der digitalen Welt reflektiert selbst zu steuern.
Localizing the Transnational: Spring Fever as a Queer Sinophone Film
Authors: Song Lin
Published: October 2022

This chapter looks at queering kinship as a negotiating strategy in Chinese cultural production through analyzing an art-house queer Sinophone film Spring Fever (2009). It points out that the film’s representations of queerness are fundamentally shaped by its rootedness in both local socio-cultural conditions and transnational film circuits. Queering Chinese kinship, it suggests, is mobilized as a strategy to hybridize global queer sensibilities with local circumstances of heteronormativity, through which the film explores new forms of relatedness.
China in the Rise and Fall of the “New World Order”
Authors: Hung Ho-fung
Published: October 2022

In the aftermath of the End of Cold War in the early 1990s, a “New World Order” grounded on economic globalism and US unipolar global power emerged. The US fomented open markets around the world, and it also adopted a democracy-human rights promotion project, either in the form of Clinton’s humanitarian intervention or G. W. Bush’s regime change.  One ironic cornerstone of this Order was US’s quasi-alliance with state-capitalist and authoritarian China. Given China’s “unlimited supply” of disciplined low cost labor which manufactured consumer goods for the world in exchange for US dollar to be cycled back to support expanding US fiscal deficit, this quasi-alliance helped cement the US-centered global circuit of finance and trade and warrant the global supremacy of the US military. However, the contradictions between US capital and China’s state capitalism, China’s newfound capability of sustaining authoritarian regime abroad, and the explosive inequalities under manufacturing offshoring in the Global North have been eroding the legitimacy and popular support of this New World Order in both Global North and South. When this Order is coming to crash today, the world economy is fragmenting into competing spheres of influence dominated by rival powers.
Bringing the Strategic Triangle Back
Authors: Wu Yu-Shan
Published: October 2022

In the literature on the surge of US-PRC rivalry, the emphasis is typically on the interaction between the two antagonists and their domestic politics. Little is said on the role played by the small and medium countries (SMCs) that find themselves on the front line of the hegemonic rivalry. This chapter deals with the role of the SMCs amid great power competition, and applies a strategic triangle perspective. It discerns five policy options for the SMCs and finds hedging partner of the US to be the dominant strategy/role for the SMCs in East Asia. Hedging countries may change their position in a new situation. Two logics (internal for Taiwan and external for other Asian SMCs) are explored in three periods (pre-2008, 2008–2016 or SWI, and post 2016 or SWII). It is found that for most Asian SMCs, Chinese assertiveness and US mercantilist policy tend to drive SMCs toward the other dominant power, while Taiwan’s position is primarily determined by its domestic politics and dueling national identities. To grasp the full picture of hegemonic rivalry between the US and the PRC, it is necessary to understand how great powers interact with SMCs and how the SMCs’ policies toward great powers are determined. The analysis of the two logics presented here is a first step toward that goal.
Southeast Asia among the Powers
Authors: Dittmer Lowell
Published: October 2022

Southeast Asia, a balkanized and much fought-over periphery during the Cold War, seemed to come to its own in its aftermath. The powers withdrew, economic growth took off, and ASEAN not only brought peace to Southeast Asia but spread its ideals to all of Asia via a medley of expanded multilateral conferences.  But the return of great power politics since 2010 has placed Southeast Asia in an uncomfortable position.  On the one hand it benefits from the competitive solicitude of the powers but it must also struggle to maintain its independence. This chapter views ASEAN’s position in the context of two composite triangles: a regional triangle with China and Japan, and an international triangle with China and America.  China’s size, ambition and proximity make it an inevitable partner, while triangular diplomacy provides two hedges.
A Moderate Phase Transition from Order to Disorder in Asia
Authors: Wan Ming
Published: October 2022

This chapter analyzes the current political-economic climate in Asia, which is currently experiencing a moderate phase transition defined as a qualitative change of form. If order is defined in terms of stability, Asia is doing well from a historical and comparative perspective. But tensions in the region have increased as a result of a more assertive China, which has caused self-fulfilling security concerns for the immediate and midterm future of the region. If we define order by the embedded social and political purposes, then the current Asian order was challenged by the “America First” approach of the Trump administration which rejected the fundamental principles of the US-created liberal international order. Liberal order is only one element of the Asian international system that is competing or interacting with the other elements that constitute the system. Through the lens of political economy, the chapter explains the asymmetrical game played by much of Asia that is neither truly liberal or free-market oriented and the backlash toward globalization in the United States due to an enlarging gap in income, wealth and opportunity. This chapter recognizes how the policy communities and general public perceive the changes in their own country, the region and the world during this critical juncture partly constitutes international order. Therefore, the chapter examines perceptions, strategic calculations and the behavior of the US-China-Japan triangle as an important component of the Asian international system. Judging by recent events, Asia is likely to become less orderly and less liberal than before, but still more stable than other regions in the world.
Conclusion
Authors: Dittmer Lowell
Published: October 2022

East Asia currently finds itself in disorder. It is thriving economically but is politically and ideologically disorganized, and nascent order is ineffectively defended. As a high-growth region Asia is not unacquainted with disorder, but this is a new kind of disorder. Previous disorders occurred within the clear and stable ideological framework of the Cold War. But the Cold War is no more, and though some yearn to return via “decoupling,” that would be a difficult and costly undertaking, and there is no consensus on what should replace it.  It is too soon to outline the future order toward which the region may be moving, as all the options have problems.  China’s “win-win” proposal of a “community with shared future for mankind” is vague and has a credibility gap. The ASEAN Charter offers an appealing vision, but ASEAN lacks teeth to enforce either internal consensus or external security. The “Free and Open Asia-Pacific” framework, anchored in the Quad, is likewise a promising idea, divided however between its military and diplomatic emphases.
Risk and Responsibility: Religion and Ethics in Socially Responsible Investment Practices
Authors: Rain Kincaid Elisabeth , Clairmont David A. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2022

Socially responsible investment (SRI) has become a major intervention in global investment practices that responds to the power of institutional investors to affect corporate practice. While SRI grew out of the decisions made by churches to curtail investment in so-called “sin stocks” (companies which profited from alcohol, tobacco and gambling), little work has been done to explain why such a dramatic difference in investment strategy would occur or how it ought to impact the investment decisions of individual Christians and their faith communities. This paper explores how social institutions with a religious character determine how to balance the risk of inflicting harm on those institutions with responsibility for transforming the economic order through making investment decisions. Using data collected from shareholder proposals in corporate proxy filings and interviews with investment managers, we develop a typology of theologically grounded approaches to risk and responsibility.
Cutting the ribbon: bathyal Nemertea from seeps along the Costa Rica margin, with descriptions of 2 new genera and 9 new species
Authors: Sagorny Christina , Döhren Jörn von , Rouse Greg W. , Tilic Ekin
Published: October 2022

The taxonomy of ribbon worms (Nemertea) is particularly challenging due to the sparsity of distinct morphological characters, causing a significant underestimation of the group’s true diversity. The number of named deep-sea species is very limited and there is a vast number of undescribed deep-sea nemerteans still to be discovered. In this paper we figuratively ‘cut the ribbon’ and name seven new species of monostiliferous hoplonemerteans from seeps and seamounts along the Costa Rican margin, one from seeps along the Oregon margin, and one from vents of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, USA. The species Chernyshevia escarpiaphila gen. et sp. nov. and five species of the genus Alvinonemertes gen. nov. (Alvinonemertes dariae gen. et sp. nov., Alvinonemertes dagmarae gen. et sp. nov., Alvinonemertes christianeae gen. et sp. nov., Alvinonemertes claudiae gen. et sp. nov., Alvinonemertes tatjanae gen. et sp. nov.) represent Oerstediina, whereas the three species Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., Tetrastemma polyakovae sp. nov., and Tetrastemma strandae sp. nov. represent Amphiporina. One species of tubulanid palaeonemerteans is described but not provided with a species name due to lacking sequence data for comparison. Additionally, we provide sequence data for one lineid heteronemertean, one reptant hoplonemertean, and two further eumonostiliferan hoplonemertean species. We use an integrative, turbotaxonomic approach combining DNA sequence data with concise morphological descriptions and fully digitized serial histological sections made available as cybertypes.
Research on construction management risk assessment method of Pharmaceutical industries.
Authors: Zhou Jianyong
Published: October 2022

Pharmaceutical industry is one of the most risky and intensive business in terms of safety and risk assessment. Pharmaceutical company faces many challenges at various stages such as pre-clinical, clinical trial and post-marketing. The paper attempts to provide the best method for assessing the level of risk for pharmaceutical companies. It evaluates a construction management risk assessment which comprises an integrated approach that aims to carry out a process with best scientific methods to identify, analyze and mitigate risks during different phases of industry from pre-conceptual design to clinical research.
Vaccinations in athletes
Authors: Venhorst A , Gärtner B , Hollander K , Meyer T
Published: October 2022

The prevention of infections is essential to athletes’ health and performance. Even mild infections can severely affect athletic performance and the eligibility to train and compete. One of the most effective means of avoiding severe infections are vaccinations. However, like the general population, athletes frequently do not receive the recommended vaccinations. This shortcoming is largely based on fear of adverse vaccine reactions, concerns about the efficacy, misinterpretations, negligence, and poor communication. As sports medicine physicians are involved in the regular screening of adolescent, adult, and senior athletes, they are in a unique position to advise on an individual basis about the risks and benefits of an athlete-specific vaccination schedule. Thus, every preparticipation physical examination should be used to check the vaccination status and, if needed, optimize and update the athletes’ vaccination profile. In this clinical review, recommendations for standard, travel, and specific-indication vaccinations in athletes will be given and their efficacy, timing, and administration in the sports context will be discussed. The review will be completed by recommended literature and useful apps for the sports medicine physician involved in the preparticipation physical examination of athletes. Key Words: Standard Vaccinations, Travel Vaccinations, Indication Vaccinations, Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Hepatitis A/B, SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, Tick-Borne-Encephalitis, Sports
Horse welfare: A joint assessment of four categories of behavioural indicators using the AWIN protocol, scan sampling and surveys
Authors: Ruet A , Arnould C , Lemarchand J , Parias C , Mach N , Moisan M-P , Foury A , Briant C , Lansade L
Published: October 2022

Domesticated horses(Equus caballus)can be exposed to a compromised welfare state and detecting a deterioration in welfare is essential to modify the animals’ living conditions appropriately. This study focused on four categories of behavioural indicators, as markers of poor welfare: stereotypies, aggressiveness towards humans, unresponsiveness to the environment and hypervigilance. In the scientific literature, at least three assessment methods can be used to evaluate them: the Animal Welfare Indicators (AWIN) protocol, behavioural observations using scans and surveys. The question remains as to whether all these three methods allow an effective assessment of the four categories of behavioural indicators. To address this issue, the repeatability at a three-month interval and convergent validity of each measure (correlations between methods) were investigated on 202 horses housed in loose boxes. Overall, the repeatability and convergent validity were limited, highlighting the difficulty in assessing these indicators in horses. However, stereotypies and aggressiveness measures showed higher repeatability and convergent validity than those of unresponsiveness to the environment and hypervigilance. Behavioural observations using scans enabled the four categories of behavioural indicators to be detected more effectively. Suggestions of improvements are proposed for one-off measures such as those performed with the AWIN protocol. Regardless of the assessment method, very limited correlations were observed between the four categories of behavioural indicators, suggesting that they should all be included in a set of indicators used to assess the welfare state of horses, in conjunction with physiological and health measures.
Managing long-term wellness in captive sea turtles
Authors: Wood LD
Published: October 2022

Circumstances surrounding advances in stranding response and veterinary care have created a growing need for the long-term housing of captive sea turtles. However, the difficulty in recreating natural conditions in captive settings places a responsibility on caregivers to offset wild-type behavioural deficits with enrichment programming that is, preferably, commensurate with the limitations of each enclosure. Though standardised, multi-institutional behavioural monitoring programmes are currently lacking for marine turtles, facilities housing (or planning to house) sea turtles for the long-term are strongly advised to include ‘wellness’ as a fundamental part of their animal care protocol. Here, concepts of wellness and enrichment in sea turtles are reviewed, and a framework for developing longterm behavioural monitoring programming is provided.
Time-space united coding spread spectrum single photon counting imaging method
Authors: Shen Shan-Shan , Gu Guo-Hua , Chen Qian , He Rui-Qing , Cao Qing-Qing ,   School of Aeronautic Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China,   Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging & Intelligence Sense (SIIS), College of Electronic Engineering and Optoelectronic Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China,   School of Information and Communication Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we demonstrate a new imaging architecture called time-space united coding spread spectrum single photon counting imaging technique by combining the space coding based single-pixel imaging technology and spread spectrum time coding based scanning imaging technology. This method has the advantages of range ambiguity-free and large time-bandwidth product. Under the interference of noise, this method can accurately restore depth images. In this work, the time-space united correlation nonlinear detection model based on single photon detection, forward imaging model and signal-to-noise ratio model is derived, and the depth image is restored by convex optimization inversion algorithm. The theoretical model and simulation experiments show that compared with the traditional single pixel imaging method based on spatial coding, this method improves the quality of scene reconstruction. Using m-sequence as time coding, imaging has higher noise robustness. In addition, compared with the traditional space coding single pixel imaging technology, the imaging mean square error of the proposed method is reduced by 4/5 and the imaging mean squared error is reduced by 9/10 after introducing the second correlated method. The proposed imaging architecture in this paper may provide a new path for non-scanning lidar imaging methods.
Crystallization kinetics of Ti-doped Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite permanent magnets
Authors: Deng Chen-Hua , Yu Zhong-Hai , Wang Yu-Tao , Kong Sen , Zhou Chao , Yang Sen ,   School of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China,   School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Published: October 2022

Nanocomposite magnet consisting of a fine mixture of magnetically hard and soft phase has received much attention for potential permanent magnet development. One of the important requirements for alloys to exhibit excellent magnetic properties is a nanocrystalline grain size. The soft and hard magnetic phases can simultaneously achieve ideal nanoscale composites. The effect of Ti additions in the amorphous crystallization process of the exchange-coupled nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe magnet prepared by melt spinning is investigated. The results show that Ti can change the crystallization kinetics of the NdFeB melt-spun ribbons. The Ti can increase the activation energy of α-Fe and contrarily reduce the activation energy of a metastable 1∶7 phase, so the growth speed of α-Fe decreases and the metastable 1∶7 phase can stably precipitate from the amorphous phase. When the annealing temperature increases, a metastable 1∶7 phase is decomposed into the α-Fe phase and the Nd2Fe14B phase. The microstructure observation shows that the grains of the alloys doped with Ti are fine and uniform, with an average grain size of about 20 nm, and no particularly large α-Fe particles appear. The optimal magnetic property is (BH)max = 12 MG·Oe (1 G = 10–4 T, 1 Oe = 79.57795 A/m) when Ti addition is 1.0%.
Analysis of influence of imaging resolution of relay lens on image reconstruction quality in pixel-wise coded exposure imaging technology
Authors: He Zhi-Ye , Zhang Yan-Dong , Tang Chun-Hua , Li Jun-Li , Li Si-Wei , Yu Bin ,   Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China,   Zhuhai City Polytechnic, Zhuhai 519000, China,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor 83000, Malaysia
Published: October 2022

Pixel-wise coded exposure (PCE) imaging based on digital micromirror device (DMD) is an advanced high-speed imaging technology, which can realize the high-speed imaging by using a low-frame-rate camera. During exposure time, the multi-frame image information of a dynamic object can be integrated into one encoded image, and then the multi-frame sub-exposure images can be extracted by the post-processing algorithm. Therefore, the accurate pixel-to-pixel alignment between the DMD and the camera is the key step to realize PCE imaging, which has drawn much attention from researchers. So their studies mainly focused on how to achieve accurate pixel matching. However, the resolution of the relay imaging lens, as another important influence factor of PCE imaging, also has a significant influence on the imaging results, but few people have studied and analyzed it. To solve this problem, in this work, we theoretically analyze the influence of the resolution of the relay imaging system on the reconstructed decoded images, and verifies the theoretical analysis through simulation and imaging experiments. On this basis, a PCE imaging system is built, and a point spread function (PSF) estimation method of relay lens based on the fringe phase is proposed. Furthermore, a Richard-Lucy deconvolution algorithm is introduced into the reconstruction process of coded image to effectively improve the quality of PCE imaging, which is of great significance in developing the PCE imaging technology.