bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving reliability of the power distribution system in Goma (DRC) using solar distributed generation
Authors: Sengi G. , Ntagwirumugara E.
Published: December 2021

The existing power distribution system of the city of Goma in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has many problems, including the scarcity of electric energy, power unreliability, the low access rate of electrification, poor flexibility in the network topology, and lack of demand response, which lead to shedding of load, unbalancing and overloading the system. The reliability of the Goma power distribution system is very poor by international standards. The major cause of this is the lack of adequate energy supply to meet demand. To mitigate the power reliability problem, a solar-based distributed generation (DG) is modelled and evaluated in this study. Each feeder has been considered separately with an appropriately designed DG. The work has evaluated initial investment cost and life cycle cost of the investment to assess the feasibility of the proposed solution. Based on the unserved energy and electricity tariff, an economic analysis was conducted. The reliability indices are computed and the modelled solution is designed for each feeder in PV syst software and simulated using ETAP, whose simulation results show that the reliability can be improved by up to 76%.
Determining the causes of electricity losses and the role of management in curbing them: A case study of City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa
Authors: Khonjelwayo Bongani , Nthakheni Thilivhali
Published: December 2021

The problem of energy losses, both nationally and internationally, is a leading cause for the financial collapse of most utilities. A quantitative research approach was adopted for this study where a questionnaire was used to collect information from the participants. A total of 113 City of Tshwane (CoT) employees within the electricity division participated in the study. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical methods were used to analyse the outcome of the survey. The study found that technical and non-technical losses are the major cause of revenue loss. Non-technical losses are caused either by inefficiencies in managing losses or by end-users being unwilling to pay for electricity. The study found that power theft through meter tampering, incorrect billing by employees, and cable theft were also major causes of energy losses. Illegal connections were found to be the major cause of energy losses, along with power theft and lack of resources. Deficiencies in infrastructure maintenance were found to be the main cause of technical losses. The study found that management of CoT is committed to managing energy losses, being aware of their impact on the financial well-being of the municipality. There is an established policy of managing energy losses and there is a plan to replace ageing infrastructure. Employees are continuously trained in accurate billing and metering as part of efforts to curb energy losses. The municipality is also engaged in efforts to put educational programmes in place to inform communities about electricity theft.
Constructions with the particle iyne expressing fear and caution in the Tuvan language
Authors:   Institute of Philology SB RAS (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Bayyr-ool Aziyana V.
Published: December 2021

The paper examines the combination of the form of the present-future participle on =ar and the particle iyne expressing the meaning of fear and caution in the Tuvan language. The verbal analytical constructions with the combination considered are described structurally and semantically. The form =ar + particle iyne does not have a complete personal-numerical paradigm: it is used only in the 3rd person singular and in the 1st person singular with the word kiži ‘person’. This form expresses the general semantics of fear and caution uncomplicated by additional meanings, is used regularly and in both finite and infinite functions. Consideration is given to the semantics of complex sentences in which the grammaticalized form =ar + particle iyne forms a dependent predicate. Concerning the terms known in linguistics to describe this meaning, the form =ar + particle iyne can be defined as apprehensive by most criteria. The paper provides the author’s observations on the use of this form in the oral speech of native speakers of the Tuvan language and examples from folklore texts. Such a grammaticalized form in the Tuvan language might be due to the influence of the Mongolian languages, in which separate moods with corresponding grammatical markers are distinguished. This form is suggested to be distinguished as a marker of a specific mood with the meaning of fear and caution in the system of grammatical forms of the Tuvan verb expressing the relation of action to reality.
Songs of the Nymylan woman V’alyat (based on the materials of the Complex Expedition to Kamchatka in 1991)
Authors:   Institute of Philology SB RAS, Tiron Ekaterina L.
Published: December 2021

For the first time, the paper presents the song creativity of Ekaterina Ivanovna Chechulina (Koryaks name V’alyat) - a native of the Karaginsky district of Kamchatka, bearer of the Koryak-Nymylan tradition. The research is based on the field materials of the well-known Siberian ethnomusicologist, Doctor of Arts, Yu. Sheikin, namely, on the materials of the Complex folklore and ethnographic expedition to Kamchatka in 1991. The research is carried out as a part of the preparation of the volumes of Koryak folklore in the series “Monuments of Folklore of the Peoples of Siberia and the Far East”. The author consistently examines the genres of song folklore of the Koryak-Nymylans on the example of V’alyat’s creativity: personal songs sininkin ӄuliӄul and tribal songs yanutsʔinav’ ӄuliӄul, fly-agaric songs lyllʔal ӄuliӄul, lullabies and cradle songs alulukin ӄuliӄul. The description of the song genres of Koryak-Nymylans is accompanied by samples of texts and notes, allowing us to get an idea of the lyrics and the nature of the melodies. This study made it possible to conclude that at the poetic, syllogorhythmic, and compositional levels, there are trends toward more systemic organization, while the modus and intonation components are more unstable, which is characteristic for early-song melodics (E. Alekseev). Based on the material of several songs recorded from one bearer of the tradition, the author reveals the diverse world of folk song genres of Koryak-Nymylans, interesting timbre, pitch, and rhythmic characteristics of this ancient, unique, and original cultural phenomenon.
Concept of tree in Varlam Shalamov’s “Kolyma tales” and their translations into Italian
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Varlaro Francesco
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to analyze the metaphorical meaning of phytonyms in Russian and Italian languages and the Russian-Italian version of Shalamov’s literary text. After analyzing the author’s style, we examined the thematic group of phytonyms and their use in the “Kolyma tales.” We divided trees into two categories: 1. plants - the main characters represented by a system of metaphors; 2. plants occurring once or twice in the tales and in a neutral way (even having significant meanings in the Russian culture). The phytometaphor of the stlanik (dwarf cedar), from the first category, is a leitmotif in almost all Shalamov’s works, especially in the “Kolyma tales” and in the “Kolyma notebooks,” where the phytonym has a complex symbolic meaning characteristic of the word tree in general (life, green, wood) but also linked to the author’s view of the world. In Shalamov’s works, the tree reflects not only the picture of the northern nature but also takes on special meanings more related to the prisoner and his physical and psychological characteristics. Thanks to Shalamov, the lexeme stlanik was introduced into the Russian linguistic view of the world. Also, the analysis of the adequate interpretation of this keyword in the translations of the “Kolyma tales” into Italian revealed that when the translation contains a description of parts of this phytonym, for example, branches, the metaphor of the original text is sometimes lost in the translation.
Attributive constructions with the lexeme vremya ‘time’ in the Tomsk dialect corpus
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Dubtsova Lyudmila A.
Published: December 2021

Time is an essential element of any picture of the world. The concept of time permeates language and all our consciousness as a whole, thereby belonging to the essential categories of human consciousness. Time is perceived as a universal entity and an individual value that organizes all spheres of personal life. The author considers attributive constructions with the lexeme vremya ‘time’ on the material of the Tomsk dialect corpus. Attributive constructions are a way of generalizing information and isolating the significant properties of objects of the surrounding reality. Therefore, their analysis can help identify the most significant features in the concept of time in the Middle Ob dialects. Informants were found to use attributive constructions to characterize different spheres of human existence: past and present, work, recreation, historical milestones in life. Among the most frequent are the attributive constructions that characterize natural time. Their frequency is due to the fact that the peasant’s life to a much greater extent depends on the natural time than the city dweller’s life since the traditional society features a high degree of human involvement in the environment. Also, informants frequently use constructions indicating significant events (wartime) and characteristics denoting the opposition of the present and the past (this time/that time). Attributive constructions indicate the value orientations of informants, including peacetime, work, and the sphere of the past. The diverse structure of constructions concerned emphasizes the universality of the category of time, setting the limits of human existence.
Nano-chemistry and Bio-conjugation with perspectives on the design of Nano-Immune platforms, vaccines and new combinatorial treatments
Authors: Luna R Gomez Palacios , Sofia Martinez , Cecilia Tettamanti , Daniela Quinteros , A Guillermo Bracamonte
Published: December 2021

This Mini-Review and Opinion letter, it was addressed different themes and topics implicated in the development of new treatments and vaccines applied to pathologies developed in humans such as by Virus and related pathogens. In this context, it was presented and discussed different strategies used, which were contemplated from the design of small molecules, towards higher sized chemical structures and new Nanoarchitectures. In particular, it was discussed varied studies developed for the Corona Virus treatment; which afforded to the main mechanisms of action of pharmacophores and targeted functional Nanoparticles. In this direction, it was highlighted the importance of Bioconjugation of molecules and variable Nanoarchitectures for their incorporation within cells as well as for the development of Nano-vaccines. Moreover, it was discussed about the development of combinatory treatments based on different strategies recently reported. Similarly, it was presented different studies and developments actually in progress related to the design of functional and Multifunctional Nano-platforms with potential perspectives on Lab-On particles and Nano-vaccines for precision Nanomedicine and new treatments.
El Encomio a Ignacio de Miguel Sincelo (BHG 818): Introducción, Edición y Traducción Anotada
Authors:   Universidad de Granada, Ibáñez Chacón Álvaro
Published: December 2021

The so-called ‘anti-photian collection’ preserves a synthetic summary from the encomium to the Patriarch Ignatios composed by a certain Michael the Synkellos. The date of composition or the exact moment of its pronunciation are unknown, but it is possible that it was read on the anniversary of the Patriarch’s death or his burial in the Monastery of Satyros. Despite being a summary, the text conserves traces of the original rhetoric structure and, like a βίοςσὺνἐγκωμίῳ, it could be the model on which Nicetas David composed the Vita Ignatii. This article provides a new critical edition based on the most important manuscripts with exegetical notes
SM buffer v1
Authors: Larsen Frej
Published: December 2021

SM buffer is used for diluting and storing bacteriophages. SM buffer contains: 200 mM NaCl2 10 mM MgSO4 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5 For storage at -20 or -80° C, 15% glycerol can be added before autoclaving. The buffer can keep at room temperature for several months.
[RETRACTED] Dia Drops - Sastav, Kapi, Iskustva, Cijena, BiH, Hrvatska, Slovenija v1
Authors: Red Store Tiny
Published: December 2021

[RETRACTED]

recenzija, dia drops kapi
Perfil de fuerza isométrica máxima de los rotadores de la cadera de un equipo senior de fútbol
Authors: Cejudo Antonio , Armada-Zarco José Manuel , Izzo Riccardo , Sainz de Baranda Pilar
Published: December 2021

La debilidad y desequilibrios de los rotadores de cadera están asociados con las lesiones en los deportistas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir el perfil de fuerza isométrica máxima (FIM) de los rotadores internos (RIC) y externos (REC) de la cadera en jugadores senior de fútbol. Para ello, se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal con 21 jugadores senior de fútbol que participaron voluntariamente en esta experiencia. La FIM de la RIC y REC se midió con un dinamómetro manual Lafayette. Se realizó una prueba t de Student para determinar la existencia de posibles diferencias entre la FIM de la cadera dominante y no dominante, y entre los valores de la FIM de RIC y REC. Estos análisis se complementaron con el cálculo del tamaño del efecto mediante la d de Cohen. Los jugadores mostraron resultados de FIM de 200,94 ± 29,98 N, 2,66 ± 0,37 N/kg de masa corporal y 1,09 ± 0,16 N*m/kg de masa corporal en la REC; y 154,22 ± 25,09 N, 2,04 ± 0,33 N/kg de masa corporal y 0,84 ± 0,14 N*m/kg de masa corporal en la RIC. El análisis comparativo de la FIM en las diferentes unidades de medida mostró valores superiores en los REC que en los RIC (p = 0,000; d de Cohen > 1,631 [grande]). Tomando como base podemos concluir, que el procedimiento estandarizado de evaluación empleado en este estudio ha obtenido valores normativos del perfil de FIM de los rotadores de la cadera superiores a los descritos para otros jugadores de fútbol de nivel competitivo superior de ambos sexos. Los valores de la FIM de los REC son superiores a los RIC.
Concomitant diseases in COVID-19 and their impact on the risks of adverse outcomes
Authors: Ivanova N V , Belov V S , Samarkin A I , Tretyakevich Z N , Mikushev V M , Bruttan Yu V
Published: December 2021

Aim. To analyze COVID-19 comorbidities and their impact on disease course and the risk for unfavorable outcomes.

Methods. This study examined a group of 110 patients aged 32 to 97 who were admitted to the intensive care unit of the Pskov Regional Infectious Diseases Hospital in the period from October 7, 2020 to March 23, 2021. The mean age of patients was 65 years, 51% (56 people) were male. The study recorded age, comorbidities on a binary scale (yes no), course of the disease, the degree of lung injury, hospital length of stay, treatment outcome. The impact of comorbidities on the disease severity and outcomes was assessed by using logistic regression analysis.

Results. It was shown that a regional sample of patients showed an increased hospital mortality rate compared with the data of the ACTIV registry (33.5 versus 7.6%). Chronic respiratory diseases in patients with COVID-19 regional cohorts affected the fatal outcome 2.7 times less than those registered in the Russian register. The presence of endocrine and thrombotic circulatory system diseases was generally close to the register. Concomitant cardiovascular diseases in patients of the regional cohort affected the mortality of COVID-19 outcomes two times less (in patients of the region, the risk of mortality increased by 2.066 times) than in the registry. The reliability of the conclusions is confirmed by testing statistical hypotheses and reliability coefficients below 5%.

Conclusion. The study shows the statistically significant effect of comorbidities on the COVID-19 outcomes; the specificity of the results related to the sampling characteristics and the regional component.
Immunogenetic features of HIV-infection and allergy comorbidity
Authors: Nora S A , Arkhipov G S , Arkhipova E I , Nikitina N N
Published: December 2021

Today, the comorbidity of infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an important problem due to the complexity of the selection of the optimal antiretroviral therapy and the diagnosing of associated pathological conditions. The study of the comorbidity of HIV-infection and allergy is an important area of research. This article presents a literature review on different types of comorbidity. Special attention is paid to the development of allergic reactions to antiretroviral drugs. The presence of an allergic reaction in a patient can cause low adherence to therapy and subsequent development of HIV resistance to the treatment. The review provides information on the possible causes of the development of hypersensitivity in HIV-infected patients. The data on the development of hypersensitivity reactions in response to treatment with the main classes of antiretroviral drugs (nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, synthesis inhibitors, protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 inhibitors) are presented. The most common allergic reactions to these drug classes are itching and rash, as well as increasing hepatic transaminase levels and cough. The existing scientific data on allergic reactions to drugs prescribed for other concurrent conditions (tuberculosis, fungal diseases) is also considered. The examples of studies reflecting the relevance of using immunogenetic and molecular genetic approaches in the study of comorbidity of HIV-infection and allergy are given. The identification of immunogenetic markers of the development of the hypersensitivity to therapy will optimize the diagnostic and treatment algorithms, especially in complex comorbid conditions.
Pelvic drain after low anterior resection of the rectum: pros and cons
Authors: Akhmetzyanov F Sh , Egorov V I , Abdulganieva G R
Published: December 2021

Low anterior resection, unlike other large bowel resections with anastomosis, is characterized by a high incidence of postoperative complications, repeated surgical interventions, accompanied by high mortality. To reduce these indicators, the creation of a protective stoma and drainage of the pelvis has become widespread. However, the efficiency of pelvic drainage after low anterior resection remains unclear and controversial. This literature review is devoted to the relevance of the problem of efficiency and analysis of studies on this issue. Most randomized trials have not proven the effectiveness of drainage in colorectal surgery, but in these studies, as a rule, little or no attention was paid to draining the small pelvis after total mesorectal excision. This work analyzes the studies of supporters and opponents of pelvic drainage after low anterior resection of the rectum and provides arguments for and against drainage of the pelvic cavity. Although there are randomized trials showing no benefit of pelvic drainage, many clinics use pelvic drain after low anterior resection. The personal experience of the surgeon and the occurrence of intraoperative complications such as bleeding, contamination, technical difficulties in colorectal anastomosis formation has an important role to play in this. A lower rate of repeated operation in the use of pelvic drainage suggests the possibility of conservative treatment.
The use of digital technologies in the diagnosis of tumor diseases at the pre-medical stage
Authors: Cherenkov V G , Weber V R , Pasevich K G , Arendatelev I G
Published: December 2021

Aim. To improve the effectiveness of tumors and risk factors detection in reducing time costs at the pre-medical stage using a robotic complex.

Methods. To achieve this goal, the previously created robotic complex with a program for self-questioning, taking into account gender, has been improved. A portable USB microscope was built into the complexs housing to transmit images of pathological changes of visible localizations to the touch screen. The survey and examinations were conducted by clinical residents and students of the case-control type in 1638 patients at the Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary (in 20192021) as part of the Doors Open Days. The average age of patients was 54.68.9 years, including 703 men and 935 women. Descriptive statistics methods of Statistica 6.0 software were used. Qualitative characteristics showed as absolute number and the relative value in percentage (%). The differences were considered statistically significant at p 0.05.

Results. The use of the complex allowed us to suspect cancer risk factors in 9.031.3% patients, of which 31.081.8%, or 2.82.1% (p=0.017) of the total patients with the further examination was able to confirm oncology-related findings. Patients complained of discomfort in the stomach (59 people) underwent a breath test built into the program of the complex, according to the results of which helicobacteriosis was detected in 29 patients. In 17 patients with fibrogastroscopy, intestinal metaplasia was subsequently established, in 4 gastric ulcers, 3 of which had malignancy.

Conclusion. The use of a robotic complex-2 saves the time of a doctor of a lean polyclinic and improves the effectiveness of identifying cancer risk factors and early-stage cancer.
Study to assess sub-foveal choroidal thickness in patients of preeclampsia through spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Lalwani Astha , Rastogi Priye Suman , Najam Rehana , Chander Ashish
Published: December 2021

Background: Aim of the study was to assess sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in preeclamptic patients by SD ocular coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and correlate its changes with severity of preeclampsia.Method: This case control, observational study, conducted in department of ophthalmology in association with department of obstetrics and gynaecology. The subjects were split into two groups: study and control. Study group was further divided in to 2 groups i.e., group A (Patients with preeclampsia) and group B (Pregnant females without preeclampsia). Control group (Group C) of non-pregnant females of similar age group. Total 100 patients were taken in each group. Subjects from both study and control groups were subjected to SD-OCT and mean choroidal thickness of both eyes was noted. Data was noted and comparison of 3 groups was done.Results: Baseline characters viz, age, period of gestation, and parity was comparable among all the groups as p>0.05. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 102.72±9.81 and 84.56±7.83 in group A and B respectively with statistically significant difference as p<0.01. Following a post hoc analysis, it was discovered that the SFCT of the healthy pregnancy group did not differ substantially from that of the control group, however the SFCT of the pre-eclampsia group was significantly higher than that of the control and healthy pregnancy groups.Conclusions: Pre-eclampsia causes a greater increase in sub-foveal choroidal thickness than normal pregnancy or non-pregnant women. It has the potential to be used as a predictor or marker of pre-eclampsia severity.
Towards an Instrument of Measuring the Construct of Leadership by the 10 Cs for Employee Engagement
Authors: Iddagoda Anuradha
Published: December 2021

This paper seeks to operationalized the construct of leadership with the influence of 10 Cs of employee engagement with the intention of measuring it. In addition, it addresses the intellectual curiosity to know the intensity of leadership of the managerial employees by using this instrument. The relationship between leadership and employee engagement is also examined. The archival method was used in the literature review. In order to analyze the data relating to 272 managerial employees, structural equation modeling was used. The construct of leadership operationalized using the 10 Cs formula for employee engagement is suggested. The link between leadership and employee engagement is also identified based on the theoretical background and literature-based evidence. The study emphasizes the magnitude leadership instrument using the 10 Cs formula for employee engagement in measuring the relationship between leadership and employee engagement.
“A panorama of a truly new era opens” (Soviet “experiment’’ in the interpretation of N. V. Ustryalov)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Mitrokhin Vladimir A.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the public and political position of an outstanding personality of the Russian emigration of the “first” wave of Nikolai Vasilyevich Ustryalov. On the basis of various sources, his attitude to key issues of state construction, formed under the influence of a radical socio-political transformation in Russia, is analyzed. The most important among them are the restoration of Russian statehood in new historical circumstances, the essence and evolution of Bolshevism, the cultural and worldview orientation of the intelligentsia, the place and role of the USSR in conditions of aggravation of international relations and the threat of fascism.
Organization of pedestrian crossings of Soviet repatriates to the western border of the USSR (1944–1945)
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Bichehvost Alexander F.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the work of the Office of the Commissioner of the SNK of the USSR for the repatriation of Soviet citizens, Military councils, headquarters of fronts and armies for the return of Soviet displaced persons on foot in 1944–1945. The central place in the publication is occupied by the analysis of the organization of the mechanism of pedestrian crossings of released Soviet prisoners of war and civilian displaced persons to the western border of the USSR. Special attention is focused on the decisions taken by the repatriation and military departments – the Office of the Commissioner of the SNK of the USSR for repatriation, Military councils, headquarters of fronts and armies on the organization of pedestrian crossings of Soviet repatriates.
Modern scientific schools and centers of Russian cooperation: Trends and development prospects
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Konovalov Ivan N.
Published: December 2021

The article describes the achievements of scientific schools in the study of cooperation at various stages of its formation and development. First of all, modern centers for the study of the history of Russian cooperation, formed in the 1990s, when the role of cooperation in the development of the country of the pre-revolutionary and NEP periods and up to the present time began to be rethought, are studied. The oldest scientific schools of the history of cooperation deserve special attention: Ivanovo, Siberian, MSPI-MSPU, Saratov, Samara, Petrozavodsk, etc. The analysis of the work of the most prominent researchers on this topic (L. E. Fine, V. G. Tyukavkin, E. M. Shchagin, P. S. Kabytov, A. P. Korelin, V. V. Kabanov, etc.) is presented.
Religious and moralistic works in the repertoire of the printing house of Daniel Adam Veleslavin
Authors:   Saratov State University, Mnogoletnyaya Elena N.
Published: December 2021

The author analyzes the publishing activity of the Czech typographer of the XVI century Daniel Adam Veleslavin, identifies the repertoire of publications, in particular the publication of religious and moralistic works, considers their role and place in the publishing products of the printing house and their significance for the Czech reader. Reference to sources, in particular to the bibliography of Czech publications, suggests that the printing house of Veleslavina produced moral and religious literature that did not have a narrow religious function, but it was always aimed at life practice.
Features of the existence of the Orthodox Church in China in the first half of the 1950s according to documents of State Archive of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Drobotushenko Evgeny V.
Published: December 2021

The article describes the peculiarities of the existence of the Orthodox Church in China during a difficult period, when the main carriers of the Orthodox faith – emigrants, immigrants from the territory of the former Russian Empire left the country. The research was based on archival sources, as well as some available publications. The author shows that in the early 1950s Orthodoxy in China began to decline. The idea of creating an independent Chinese Orthodox Church, which will be implemented in the future, also dates back to this time. This period remains the least studied in Chinese Orthodox history.
Iran-Syria relations during the “Syrian spring”
Authors:   Saratov State University, Baranov Alexey V.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the stages of the formation of the Iranian policy regarding the “Syrian spring” and the regime of Bashar al-Assad in the context of the implementation of the concept of “Islamic Awakening”.
Book review: Troitsky N. A. Napoleon the Great
Authors:   Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Karp Sergey Ya.
Published: December 2021

The two-volume biography of Napoleon, written by the famous Saratov historian N. A. Troitsky, will undoubtedly attract the attention of readers. They will be able to appreciate its thoughtful structure, impressive completeness, lively and imaginative language, polemical sharpness of some conclusions. The reviewer also draws attention to many errors involved by the author’s insufficient acquaintance with the history and culture of Western countries, the topical issues of research on the history of the French Revolution.
Effect of Thickness on Fluorescence of Some Clinical Dental Ceramics
Authors: Hashemikamangar Sedighe Sadat , Valizadeh Sara , Nahavandi Alireza Mahmoudi , Tabatabaei MasoomehHasani , Daryadar Marzieh
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a new method for measurement of florescence and compare the fluorescence of some clinical dental ceramics in different thicknesses.
Materials and Methods: Forty-eight samples of feldspathic (Vita VM9, A2), IPS e.max (Ivoclar HT, A2), zirconia (Korox Zircostar, A2) and Enamic (Vita A2) ceramics were used in this study in 0.5 and 1 mm thicknesses. The fluorescence of the samples was measured by using a developed technique. The results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Duncan post-hoc test. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Enamic, feldspathic and e.max ceramics had significantly different fluorescence in descending order (P=0.000). Fluorescence of ceramics increased with an increase in their thickness from 0.5 to 1 mm (P=0.007).
Conclusion: The results confirmed the applicability of the presented method for measurement of fluorescence of dental ceramics. While, the thickness of restoration determines the concentration of the fluorescent agent, some additional technical information is required for justification of the observed trend in the studied ceramics.
Comparison of Gross Domestic Product Forecasts before and after the Covid-19
Authors: Afshari Somayeh , Damiri Soheila
Published: December 2021

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) publish annual reports on the world economic outlook. This study compared the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of different countries by these 2 institutions, before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The countries were selected from the 6 regions of Africa, the Americas, the Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, Southeast Asia, and the Western Ocean. In order to be able to compare these countries, WB reports were selected as a model and then the corresponding economic data were extracted from the IMF.
A Proposed Model for Dental Services Management in Iran
Authors: Shahsavaran Hassan , Hajinabi Kamran , Houshmand Behzad , Mahmoudi  Majdabadi Farahani Mahmoud
Published: December 2021

Background: Oral health is an integral part of general health and one of the necessities of a good life. Having a healthy mouth and teeth requires individual care, the development and implementation of community-based intervention programs, and professional care. The purpose of this study was to design a model for the management of dental services in Iran.
 Methods: This was an applied research in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of implementation method, and a survey research in terms of descriptive typology. The statistical population included dental experts. To conduct the study among policy makers, planners, managers, university professors and the staff of the dental services, dental experts were chosen using purposive non-probability sampling for in-depth interviews based on grounded theory method to collect indicators of dental services management for providing a suitable selection model. To reach theoretical saturation, the text of the interviews was analyzed, phrase by phrase and sentence by sentence, through constant comparative analysis. For analysis, the grounded theory method was used, and the collected data were coded in 3 steps. In order to assess the validity of the research regarding interviews, the participants' feedback and the opinions of colleagues were used. To ensure the reliability of the interviews, 2 methods of test-retest and double coding were used. In this study, Delphi method was used in designing the model.
Results: According to the obtained model, 29 factors were effective in managing dental services. The obtained indicators were included in the Delphi survey. During the Delphi stages, consensus was reached on 29 indicators  which were classified into 5 dimensions (components) including planning, organizing, mobilizing of resources and facilities, guiding, monitoring and controlling.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that a 5-component model is suitable for the management of dental services in Iran, and health planners and policy makers can use it to improve the delivery of dental services.
Identifying the Factors Affecting the Incidence of Medication Errors of Nurses in Teaching Hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Yusefi Ali Reza , Nikmanesh Parnian , Kavosi Zahra , Sadeghi Ahmad
Published: December 2021

Background: Medication errors are one of the major causes of injury to patients while receiving medical care. This study aimed  to investigate the effective causes of medication errors in nurses in educational hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 on 340 nurses from 10 educational  hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were analyzed using SPSS23 software .
Results: According to the results, human factors have been the most important factor in the occurrence of medication errors. The most important causes of medication errors with respect to human, managerial and environmental factors include fatigue due to overwork (3.13 ± 1.16), method of supervision (3.06 ± 0.98) ,and heavy workload (3.00 ± 1.19), respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between human factors and  age (p = 0.024), gender (p = 0.013), employment relationship (p = 0.016), and marital status (p = 0.027), and between management factors and employment relationship (p = 0.034) and the number of patients under observation (p = 0.011).
Conclusion: Considering the most important causes of medication errors, including fatigue due to overload, supervision methods, and heavy workload, using strategies to reduce fatigue due to workload, such as balancing nurses' work shifts and also holding workshops on supervision methods is recommended in order to improve the level of managerial competencies of nurses.
Career Development in Nursing: Identifying the Career Anchors of Nurses at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Nasabi Narjes Alsadat , Bastani Peivand , Yusefi Ali Reza , Bordbar Najmeh
Published: December 2021

Background: Nurses are the largest providers of care services in the health care system who play an important role in the community health by providing health care. Therefore, maintaining and developing them is an integral part of human resource management in the health system. Considering that one of the tools for career development is determining job anchors, this study was conducted in 2020 to identify the career anchors of nurses from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in order to develop their career path.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 268 nurses working in hospitals and educational centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences who were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using the standard Schein questionnaire and analyzed by independent t-test and ANOVA in SPSS 23 software.
Results: Among career anchors, service and dedication (24.74 ± 1.72) had the highest, and managerial competence (16.35 ± 2.32) had the lowest mean score. Furthermore, the average entrepreneurial creativity in women was significantly higher than men (p = 0.04). And in men, the average of pure challenges was significantly higher than women (p = 0.04). In addition, people with undergraduate degree showed a greater tendency to technical/functional competence (p = 0.02). Clinical nurses were more likely to become managers (p = 0.04), and corporate nurses were more inclined to have a lifestyle anchor (p = 0.04).
Conclusion: Regarding service and dedication anchor, which had the highest average score among the interviewed nurses, individuals are motivated by pursuing valuable goals and meeting the needs of others. Whilest managerial competencies were not the priority of the studied nurses. Therefore, the opportunity for promotion in nurses is not just focused on reaching a managerial position. Therefore, it is suggested that the management of human resources in university define the career path of people based on their anchors and specific interests to people in terms of mental and mental health for creating a favorable atmosphere and better performance.
Patriotyzm konsumencki Polaków
Authors: Kaczmarek Mirosława , Wieja Magdalena
Published: December 2021

Kraj pochodzenia produktu należy obok jakości i ceny do najważniejszych kryteriów wyboru przy podejmowaniu przez konsumenta decyzji zakupowych artykułów spożywczych, a w kontekście negatywnych skutków pandemii COVID-19 kupowanie żywności made in Poland zyskuje na znaczeniu, stając się praktycznym działaniem na rzecz wspierania rodzimych producentów. W monografii usystematyzowano stan wiedzy na temat zjawiska patriotyzmu konsumenckiego oraz zidentyfikowano postawy i czynniki determinujące nabywanie przez konsumentów polskich produktów żywnościowych. Ponadto na podstawie wyników badań empirycznych dokonano typologii konsumentów z trzech generacji wiekowych – X, Y i Z – w kontekście postaw wobec tych produktów, a zwłaszcza triady ich cech, tj. pochodzenia, ceny i jakości. W konsekwencji stwierdzono występowanie znaczących różnic międzypokoleniowych i odmienne, nie zawsze pozytywne podejście do zakupu polskiej żywności.
ON THE NEED FOR RESEARCH OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF VENTURE INVESTMENT RECIPIENTS FOR CREATION OF AN EFFECTIVE MECHANISM OF PROTECTION OF THEIR RIGHTS AND LEGAL INTERESTS CONSIDERING THE PRESENCE OF “RISK” NOT ONLY ON THE INVESTOR’S SIDE BUT ALSO ON THE RECIPIENT’S SIDE
Authors:   Head of the Department of Civil and Legal Disciplines of the Ryazan Region Branch of the Moscow Institute of Public Administration and Law PhD (Law), Mikhaylova Anastasia S.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with issues related to the implementation of venture investments, special emphasis is placed on the need for increased attention to the study of the status of investment recipients (“startups”) in order to create an effective mechanism for protecting their rights and legitimate interests at all stages of investment, and the importance of the initial (“seed”) stage is additionally emphasized.
NOTARIAL WRIT OF EXECUTION AS A RIGHT ABUSE INSTRUMENT
Authors:   Practicing Law, Konovalov Andrey M.
Published: December 2021

This article discusses some of the features of performing such a notarial act as making an Executive inscription by a notary. In this article, by comparing with the institution of order production, the author draws attention to a number of problems that exist in the institution of a notary’s executive inscription, which make it possible to turn this notarial action from a method of protecting violated rights into an instrument of abuse by claimants, and also suggests ways to solve them.
FROM THE MERCHANT’S WORD OF HONOR TO THE NOTARIAL PROTECTION IN ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Komi Republican Academy of State Service and Administration PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Ivanova Zhanna B.
Published: December 2021

The article presents the historical development of binding agreements in business activities from honest merchant’s word to notarial protection. At the present stage, according to the author, it is necessary to rethink the interpretation of the honest merchant word as a national phenomenon in business.
The Meaning of Pleadings of the Parties and Third Persons in the Delivery of a Legitimate and Substantiated Judgment in Civil Proceedings
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Saratov State Law Academy PhD (Law), Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Procedure, Tkacheva Natalya N.
Published: December 2021

Justice in the Russian Federation is carried out according to the rules established by the civil procedure code of the Russian Federation. As the primary and most important condition of justice and a guarantee of protection of the rights and interests of interested persons, by making a legal and justified decision, the need for the court to establish the actual circumstances of the case is highlighted. The means by which the court is able to reconstruct the picture of what happened include evidence, that is, the evidence of a crime. information obtained by legal means about the facts by which the court can determine the presence or absence of circumstances justifying the position of the parties, as well as other circumstances. Explanations of the parties and third parties are mandatory and primary evidence in civil proceedings. Whether the party’s position is true and justified, and how other means of proof, such as the results of a forensic examination, or testimony, relate to the party’s explanations, will determine the outcome of the dispute in court and, accordingly, the satisfaction or refusal to satisfy the claims. Abuse of the right to appeal to the court, as well as lying in court is an unacceptable, so one of the tasks of the court is to properly consider the case by establishing all the circumstances of the case, including the explanation of the parties and third parties, in order to protect the violated or disputed right.
Traditions and Novelties of Judicial Administration in the Course of Provision of Cassation and Appeal against Court Judgments in the Courts of General Jurisdiction
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Procedure Law of the North-Western Branch of the Russian State University of Justice PhD (Law), Latysheva Natalya A.
Published: December 2021

The practical implementation of the idea of creating cassation and appellate courts of general jurisdiction has made it possible to transform the internal content of court proceedings. The surviving traditional approaches that have been tested for a long time in regional and other equivalent courts have evolved in the context of informatization and updating of procedural legislation. However, the main tasks of the progressive development of judicial administration in the course of ensuring cassation and appeal is the elimination of legal uncertainty, which is expressed in the existence of norms that contradict each other in the transition to electronic document flow, as well as the organization of an appropriate system of control over the movement of documents, in the complex of relations, the court is the first instance — the court of cassation, appeal in conditions of information transparency of judicial activity.
The Relationship Between Inflation and Unemployment in Namibia Within the Framework of the Phillips Curve
Authors: Pangeiko Nautwima Johanna , Romeo Asa Asa
Published: December 2021

This study intended to empirically validate the applicability of the Phillips Curve in Namibia since independence, using semi-annual time series data, and taking into account the periods of the annus horribilis of the global financial crises and the Coronavirus Disease pandemic. It further sought to examine the nature of the relationship between inflation and unemployment to determine whether it is short-run or long-run and establish the causal relationship between the variables using various econometric analyses. The unit root tests indicate that the variables were stationary in their level forms, implying the absence of the long-run relationship. Hence, the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model was performed to measure the short-run relationship between the variables. Results from the OLS analysis reveal a bidirectional nexus between inflation and unemployment, validating the presence of the Phillips Curve in the Namibian economy. These results correspond to the findings that incorporated the periods of economic shocks; thus, adjudging the critics of the Philips Curve regarding the consideration of economic shockwaves to be nonsensical in the Namibian economy. Finally, Granger causality test was conducted to establish the causal relationship between the variables, and results found inflation and unemployment to be unrelated. Based on these findings, the study recommends policymakers to adopt a policy mix, skewed to reducing unemployment predominately among the youth since the issues cannot be addressed simultaneously. Lastly, the study suggests future investigations to assess panel analyses on the phenomenon concerning developing countries, particularly those in the same region. It also recommends a significant focus on the determinants of inflation and unemployment since the variables were found to be independent of each other. This will give accurate directives to policymakers in an attempt to address the matter in terms of policy formulation and assimilation when they understand where the issue is deriving from.
Lucien Goldmann, autor “Don Kichota”. Perspektywa socjologii literatury
Authors: Ćwikła Paweł
Published: December 2021

Artykuł dotyczy propozycji spojrzenia na literackie obrazy zjawisk społecznych jako na przedmiot badań socjologicznych. Odwołuje się do Goldmannowskiego ujęcia strukturalizmu genetycznego, szczególnie do kierowanej wobec niego krytyki. Korzysta się tu z głosów wybitnych uczonych, którzy wyrażali o nim swoje opinie w okresie największej jego popularności; zaznacza się też aktualną obecność tego podejścia w humanistyce zachodniej. W refleksji nad możliwymi interpretacjami i modyfikacjami metody Goldmanna sięga się, między innymi, po jedno z opowiadań Jorge Luisa Borgesa, Pierre Menard, autor „Don Kichota”, które potraktowano jako artystyczną ilustrację teorii naukowej.