bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARKOUN AND ORIENTALISM: AN APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING THE NATURE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODERNITY AND ORIENTALISM
Authors: REDJATI Nora , WASSILA Ameziane
Published: August 2021

With th rise of the Western renaissance in the modern era and the subsequent advanced material civilization The intellectual struggle began between the West and the East, and Western intellectual production began to be concerned with Islam and Islamic heritage, And this production was found among the children of the Islamic world who are fascinated by this Western civilization One of the results of this civilization shock was that the Muslim modernists adopted the views of the Western Orientalists, and these oriental studies contributed to defining the positions of Muslim scholars, As some of them took a stance against the West, and some of them took this break with the Islamic heritage and adopted the positions of the West, And some of them revisited himself after this adoption and examined his assumptions with this thought, even if this examination was late, and this is the case of Muhammad Arkoun. The intellectual works of Muhammad Arkoun were known for their adoption of the approaches and axioms of Western thought, so that he called the group of his ideas what is known as criticism of the Islamic mind Considering that his modernist discourse is the intellectual alternative to the Orientalist discourse in Islamic thought, believing that his epistemological effort is an endeavor to enlighten Islamic thought, From this standpoint, the thought of Muhammad Arkoun faced a lot of criticism in the Islamic intellectual circles, and he was accused that his writings in their entirety are marketing the Orientalist discourse with a modernist vision, In contrast to this Islamic attack on Muhammad Arkoun, the reader may be surprised by his writings, especially the latter, when he finds him showing a kind of criticism of Orientalism, accusing him of shortcomings, and defaming him for the presence of the positivist and philological-linguistic approaches strongly in his studies, If we wish, we would say that Arkoun's recent books contain a desire to transcend the Orientalist discourse. This appears in his books such as: Islamic Thought, Criticism and Ijtihad, Towards a Comparative History of Monotheistic Religions, Islamic Thought, Scientific Reading, History of Arab and Islamic Thought... and other of his writings. Which makes a legitimate question about the nature of the relationship between Arkoun - as a model of the modernist school - with Orientalism. And about the real reasons that made him stand in a controversial position, Once, the Orientalist discourse adopts its evaluative approach and vision of the Islamic heritage, Once he criticizes him, accuses his approach of sterility, and blames him for failing to find solutions to the problems in which the Islamic world is stumbling.
TRANSLATING THE MEANINGS OF THE QUR'AN INTO ENGLISH IN SATELLITE CHANNELS (CRITICISM AND GUIDANCE).
Authors: DUSHAIN Mohammed Babiker Albadawi
Published: August 2021

The question of translating the meanings of the Qur'an into foreign languages has sparked widespread controversy, as the Qur'an is the book of Allah who is miraculous in its word and meaning, and the translation of the meanings of the Qur'an as a means of conveying the correct concepts of the teachings of our religion, as well as a way of inter-people squabing. The study in the first topic dealt with the meaning of translation in language and terminology, as well as the types of translation. and the meanings of the Qur'an into English through the ages .The second topic came to talk about examples of translations of the meanings of the Qur'an in satellite channels, and to show how close or after these translations about the meaning contained in the books of interpretation. The study concluded that some translations were different from the correct meaning, which had to be corrected.
METHODS OF ANALYSIS IN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
Authors: ISSA Waleed Muhammad Mahdi
Published: August 2021

The research discussed the analytical approaches that fall into the essence of product design analysis process, and the research focused on six basic approaches to analysis of industrial product design: (formal analysis method, functional analysis approach - pragmatism, structural analysis approach, semiotic analysis approach, Marxist analysis approach, and Anthropological analysis approach), and it was concluded that each of the proposed approaches intends to analyze industrial products based on the knowledge structure and intellectual references that define the approach. A set of conclusions were reached, the most important of which were: The process of analyzing industrial products is in fact a complex process, and it needs a lot of knowledge references to analyze the design product based on the fact that the design product is a complex entity and thus needs a comprehensive system that combines the proposed approaches to form a comprehensive approach to analyzes Industrial products according to it.
THE EARLY ISLAMIC HISTORY RECORD ~METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH
Authors: RABII Nadia
Published: August 2021

Historical knowledge has always occupied a distinctive status in human knowledge, as it can truly liberate humankind from their illusions and the transcendent conception of oneself and the past eras, which requires both objectivity and scientific approach. Therefore, I was keen on providing through this research, a historical study revolving mainly around the methodological, scientific, and critical approach, as well as its cognitive aspect in terms of the importance of content, in order to examine the current situation by studying the past. Therefore, a trustworthy historian is required to be based on his awareness of the conditions which he lives under, regardless of his geographical location. And he must wonder: isn’t it among the most crucial and important tasks of the historian, today, to be as equally invested in his current era and circumstances by being a legitimate thinker, even if he was dating back to previous eras ? Are we not supposed to benefit from the methods of experts in sociology and history and critical methodology, in the times where the Islamic minds stagnated, without neglecting the necessity to pay attention to the pitfalls of these curriculums? I have noticed that there has been a cruel indulgence in the early Islamic history record. This requires Muslim researchers, thinkers, and historians to dig deeper into the early Islamic past, as well as getting rid of the emotional reading because of how it impacts the way Muslims perceive their religion, history and how they subsequently react and relate to others who are different from them. This leads to increasing their extremist tendencies and intolerances.
TRADITION OR MODERNITY: WHICH MODEL FOR THE ALGERIAN NOVEL?
Authors: MOKRANE Katia
Published: August 2021

The Algerian novel occupies an important place in the literary world of the French expression. Numerous are the Algerian writers passionned by this way of writing resulting from historical events between Algeria and France. The Algerian author is confused between his traditional society, his roots, his sociocultural environment and the modern one transmitted by the culture of the colon. The reports between tradition and modernity are in the core of the mystery of creation, the act of the creator, indeed, concentrates on heritages but he can always go towards their unforeseen transformations. With a more analytical look, we can state that between both notions, it exists convergent points, this may say that beyond appearances it is impossible to build a tight partition. The tangling of both concepts is revealed in the Algerian novels, for instance, in Kateb yacine, Mouloud Mammeri, Yasmina Khadra, Latifa Ben Mansour et Rachid Mimouni. This is why we have opted for this theme which aimed to: Situate the Algerian novel between these two dichotomies and how the Algerian author apprehends this repport? The present work is based on the study of technics which make the dichotony Tradition/Modernity opposed in time; a cyclicity through a literary creation.
THE NOVELTIES OF CONSTITUTIONAL CONTROL IN THE ALGERIAN CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT 2020
Authors: MISSAOUI Hanane
Published: August 2021

We consider constitutional review one of the main pillars of a state of law; it is a guarantee of the supremacy of the constitution, and a total respect of its provisions on one hand and a full protection of individual rights and liberties which are cited on the other hand. Algeria always relied on constitutional review in the development of its constitutions since its independence (except the constitution of 1976) through a political structure called the constitutional council, but the latter was renowned for its inactivity and ineffectiveness, that is why the constitutional founder was oblige to intervene within the framework of global constitutional reforms that the country has known in recent years, in order to concretize its role and achieve its objectives and the principles of legal security However these reforms have proved their failure including in the positive changes made to the amendment of the constitution of the year 2016 , that was the reason that lead the constitutional founder of 2020 think of make a full change of the nature of the body in charge of constitutional review, by creating the constitutional court with a completely different members, is this constitutional court will succeed to purify the national legislative organization, and to clean it from the unconstitutional provisions and to guarantee a full protection of individual rights and liberties?.
PSYCHOLOGICAL COPING STRATEGIES TOWARDS THE CORONA PANDEMIC AMONG EMPLOYEES OF THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS IN THE SULTANATE OF OMAN
Authors: AL-DAFRI Saada Hashil , AL-SAIGHI Hanaa Mubarak
Published: August 2021

This quantitative study discusses psychological coping strategies with the Corona pandemic among employees of the government and private sectors in the Sultanate of Oman. The problem lies in the employees' return to work in their workplaces in light of the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, according to the decision of the Supreme Committee in the Sultanate, and the psychological conditions that may result from this decision among the employees. The study aimed to discuss how often employees use psychological coping strategies in the work environment, in addition to diagnosing differences in the employees' use of psychological coping strategies in light of some demographic variables. The researchers used the quantitative descriptive approach to collect information using a questionnaire that consisted of (24) statements on (4) aspects: confrontation and problem solving, avoidance and escape, the religious dimension, and support. The study tool was applied to a sample of (584) employees from the government and private sectors, and they were chosen by a simple random method. The study found that the degree to which employees use psychological coping strategies with the pandemic is very large, arranged in succession: the religious dimension, confrontation and problem solving, and support appeared to a large extent, while avoidance and escape was medium. The results also indicated that there are statistically significant differences due to the variable of the work sector in the dimension of support, in favor of the private sector, while showing that there were no statistically significant differences among the study sample in the degree of their use of psychological coping strategies due to the variables of gender and marital status. The study concluded with several recommendations, most notably: the need to develop a psychological counseling program aimed at training employees to deal with the Corona virus in accordance with the psychological coping strategies, and the need to raise job safety in the work environment for workers in the private sector.
THE ROLE OF CRITICAL APPROACHES AND HUMAN SCIENCES IN ORIENTING CULTURE AND COGNITION IN HUMAN SOCIETIES (A STUDY OF CONTEMPORARY CULTURAL AND COGNITIVE SHIFTS)
Authors: SAIHI Djamal
Published: August 2021

This study aims at presenting a critical reading of the human sciences approaches during the last half of the twentieth century, as the human sciences plays an active role in the formation of societies cultures, and the critical process is closely related to the this field, subsequently, they are complementary. The critical process positively contributes to the realization of multiple readings and the cognitive and cultural enrichment. The twentieth century has witnessed cultural and cognitive shifts that led to the emergence of many critical trends which carries human studies from the focus on external contexts that produced the text to the focus on the cultural systems implied beyond and inside the text. We believe that human sciences have an effective role in orienting societies' culture towards the intellectual advancement and the civilizational progress. Therefore, this study seeks to highlight this important feature of modern and contemporary humanities. The study also attempts to link the human sciences with the digital transitions that the contemporary world has known, especially at the dawn of the third millennium, whereby television, computer, Internet, smart phones and so on have been invented. These tools have made qualitative leap and radical shift in critical studies and humanities. Cultural studies has dominated the field of humanities. Thus, literary and critical interest has shifted from the elite’s environment to the popular mass culture which represents the vast majority in human societies. Hence, the present study explores the mentioned shifts following basically the descriptive approach as well as the historical approach when necessary in order to achieve the research objectives. On the basis of what have been mentioned, the following questions are raised: What is meant by human sciences? What is its relationship to the positive construction of human culture? What is the relationship between the critical approaches and the humanities? How their integration can be realized? What are the proposed means to make the humanities achieve intellectual moderation and cultural balance? Finally, what are the prospects for contemporary human sciences in light of the computational dominance and the digitization?.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COUNSELING TREATMENT PROGRAMS IN REDUCING AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR-SURVEY STUDY-
Authors: MELKHIR Nait Belaid , TAHAR Bentounes
Published: August 2021

The trends and techniques of treatment and care of psychological and behavioral problems have varied according to the multiple causes leading to them on the one hand and different approaches adopted by specialists, especially in the fields of psychology, education and counseling in various disciplines (school, family....) On the other. From this point of view, we will try to conduct a survey of the studies that have adopted the counseling programs to deal with or reduce the severity of unwanted behaviors (such as violence, aggression, exam anxiety, poor academic achievement)... Highlight their effectiveness in treating or reducing the degrees of unwanted behaviors.
MATHEMATICAL THINKING AMONG THIRD-GRADE INTERMEDIATE STUDENTS
Authors: AYOUB Abdul Rahman Muhammad , FADAEAM Asmaa Oreibi
Published: August 2021

The aim of the current research is to identify the level of mathematical thinking and the level of its patterns among third-grade intermediate students, and to achieve the goal of the research, the following main null hypothesis was formulated: (There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average real performance of the students in the mathematical thinking test and their average performance The hypothesis of the same test (38). The study sample consisted of (386) female students. A test of mathematical thinking with its four patterns was built and consisted of (18) items distributed among its patterns as follows: 1. Visual thinking test (5) paragraph. 2. Deductive reasoning test (3) paragraph. 3. Critical thinking test (5) paragraph. 4. Creative thinking test (5) paragraph. The current research reached the following results: 1. The students of the research sample do not have the ability to think mathematically. 2. The students of the research sample have the ability to think visually. 3. The students of the research sample do not have the ability to think inductively. 4. The students of the research sample do not have the ability to think critically. 5. The female students of the research sample do not have the ability to think creatively.
Attitude of Farmers Towards Improved Soybean Production Technology in Indore District of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Singh Sourabh Kumar , Bose Dipak Kumar , Jahanara Jahanara
Published: August 2021

The present investigation was conducted in Indore block of Indore district, Madhya Pradesh. One hundred twenty respondents were selected randomly from 12 villages which were selected purposively. The primary data were gathered by the researcher itself through pre-structured interview schedule. Appropriate statistical tools were used to interpret the collected data to draw logical conclusion. The finding inferred that majority of farmers were having medium level of attitude towards improved soybean production technology. Age, Education, land holding, Mass media exposure, Extension contacts, Economic motivation were observed positive and significant correlation with their attitude level.
Occupational Therapy During COVID-19–Related Critical Illness: A Case Report
Authors: Wilcox Jamie , Peterson Kelsey S. , Lewis Carnie M. , Margetis John L.
Published: August 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented unique challenges for occupational therapy practitioners working in acute and critical care settings. Using the best available evidence, this case report overviews a prototypical COVID-19 disease course and discusses key aspects of clinical reasoning for practitioners working with this novel population. Following a single patient admitted to a tertiary academic medical center, the authors review the occupational profile and medical history, common impairments, the intervention plan, and strategies to align the occupational therapy and medical goals of care.
Modes of runaway electron beams during formation of diffuse discharges in air and nitrogen
Authors: Tarasenko Victor , Beloplotov Dmitriy , Sorokin Dmitriy , Baksht Evgeniy
Published: August 2021

Investigations of the generation of runaway electron beams (REs) and the for-mation of diffuse discharges during breakdown of gaps with a cathode, which has a small radius of curvature, have been carried out. In air and nitrogen at elevated pressure, based on the registration and analysis of the characteristics of radiation from discharge, as well as parameters of the RE beam current and dynamic dis-placement current, it is shown that, depending on the conditions (E/N, gas type and its pressure, design and material of the cathode, amplitude and front of the voltage pulse), diffe-

rent modes of generation of runaway electron beams are realized. It was found that the ratio of the velocity of the front of the ionization wave (streamer) and the runaway electrons, as well as the design of the cathode and the delay time before the explosion of cathode microinhomogeneities, significantly affect the generation of runaway electrons. The conditions for the realization of various modes are de-termined; oscillograms of the beam current pulses and photographs of the glow of the gap are presented.
Investigation of the characteristics of matrix multi-element avalanche photodetectors operating in the photon counting mode
Authors: Gulakov Ivan , Zenevich Andrey , Novikov Evgeniy , Kochergina Olga , Lagutik Anastasiy
Published: August 2021

At present, matrix multi-element avalanche photodetectors operating in the photon counting mode are widely used for detecting optical radiation. However, the char-acteristics of matrix multi-element avalanche photodetectors operating in this mode are currently insufficiently studied. Prototypes of Si-photomultiplier tubes (Si-PMTs) with a p+–p–n+ structure produced by JSC Integral (Republic of Belarus), as well as serially produced silicon photomultipliers Ketek PM 3325 and ON Semi FC 30035 have been used as objects of research. This article presents the research results of characteristics in the photon counting mode of the specified photodetec-tors. The dependences of the specific amplitude sensitivity ratio on the wavelength of optical radiation, the temperature, the supply voltage of the matrix multi-element avalanche photodetector are determined.
Assessing Learners’ Needs and Library Responsiveness of Textbooks and Course Readings
Authors: Huynh Trang Thi , Doan Hieu Quang
Published: August 2021

This paper is aimed at assessing learners’ needs and library responsiveness of textbooks and course readings at Cantho University, Vietnam. Underpinned by the conceptual framework defined by Reitz, this study was conducted using quantitative data from 444 learners of bachelor, master and doctorate degrees [13]. Findings indicate that learners’ needs were at the high level (M= 4.25) while the responsive level of library textbooks and course readings were relatively low (M= 3.92) with 51%, 44% and 52% for bachelor, master and doctorate students, respectively. With regard to books for further reading, this library could satisfy 39.7% of learners’ needs. These findings provide library leaders with insightful views of their current collections of textbooks and course readings for training programs and ways to increase their responsiveness. The findings also serve as a reference for further studies related to qualified training programs.
Economic Evaluation of Transplanted Rice as Influence by different Trellis Vegetables
Authors: Azad Md. Abul Kalam , Parvej Md. Masud Rana , Dipto Sudipto Saha , Ahmed Atik , Hasan Md. Nazmul
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to find out effects of different trellis-vegetables grown at the edge of the rice field on the productivity and profitability of transplanted modern aman rice BINA Dhan-7. The study design was held as a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) since it was repeated three times. The experimental treatments were T1 = rice + bottle gourd, T2 = rice + white gourd, T3 = rice + yard long bean, T4 = rice + bitter gourd and T5 = rice + cucumber. The results revealed that grain yield was the highest (3.48 t ha-1) in rice + cucumber (T5) and the lowest grain yield (2.65 t ha-1) was found in rice + bottle gourd (T1). In terms of vegetable production, the maximum vegetable yield (21.33 t ha-1) was obtained from rice + bottle gourd (T1) and the minimum value (0.25 t ha-1) was received from rice + cucumber (T5) crop combination. Moreover, the highest rice equivalent yield (23.98 t ha-1) was found from rice + bottle gourd (T1) crop combination and lowest value (3.48 t ha-1) was found from rice + cucumber (T5) crop combination. The highest value of gross return (Tk. 316290 ha-1) was obtained from the T1 treatment (rice + bottle gourd) and the lowest value of gross return (Tk. 50835 ha-1) was recorded from the treatment T5. The maximum benefit-cost ratio (3.35) was recorded from T1 treatment and the lowest benefit-cost ratio (0.71) was observed in T5 treatment. Finally, the growing of bottle gourd production at the edge of transplanted aman rice BINA Dhan-7 cultivation approach will be a significantly beneficial production technique.
EFL Students’ Perceptions of Collaborative Writing in a Private University, Vietnam
Authors: Trinh Ly Minh , Nguyen Huan Buu
Published: August 2021

Writing is widely held as the most important but sophisticated skill in learning foreign languages, including English. In particular, in college writing, students need to acquire and improve their writing performance in order to communicate ideas to intended audience or academia. Thus, as a communicative activity, writing cannot be done in isolation. Instead, collaborative writing has been advocated as a socially constructed activity done by more individuals to produce a particular text. However, individual writing still dominates in the writing context in Vietnam, thereby deterring students from writing collaboratively with others. This paper therefore seeks the students’ perceptions about collaborative writing. Data collected for this study include questionnaire and interviews. Participants were147 students of English at a university in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The findings indicate that students had positive perceptions about collaborative writing. Implications for collaborative writing are also provided.
Factors Affecting the Customer Loyalty of Tokopedia E-Commerce
Authors: Hasna Wianadhira Nur , Rachmawati Indira
Published: August 2021

This research aims to recognize any factors that might affect the customer loyalty on Tokopedia with its related variables such as service user interface, service information quality, perceived security, e-commerce service feedback, perceived privacy, perceived risk, perception of website quality, e-customer satisfaction, and e-customer trust. The process of collecting data uses a questionnaire with a purposive sampling method and 385 respondents are Tokopedia users. The data analysis technique used in this research is SEM-PLS (Partial Least Square). The result of this research mentions that variables of e-commerce service user interface, perceived privacy, perceived risk, perception of website quality influence the variables of e-commerce satisfaction and e-commerce trust while e-commerce service information quality variable only has a positive influence on e-commerce satisfaction variable. On the other hand, e-commerce satisfaction does not have a positive influence on e-commerce customer loyalty while e-commerce trust positively influences e-customer loyalty.
Karate-do Athletes' Reactions to Aggression and Motivation during Fit and Well Zone Tournament Performance
Authors: L. Mabandes Lowelyn , A. Fadare Stephen , A. Adlawan Hendely
Published: August 2021

This descriptive-type study assessed the profile of the respondents along; age, gender, length of training, highest level of participation in fighting karate-do games. More so, looking into the level of aggression and level of motivation as factors that influence the participants in karate-do tournaments in the city of Cagayan de Oro. The data were gathered using questionnaire and observation, and were treated using frequency count, and t-ratio for r. Correlation among the variables was determined, as well as the capabilities of aggression and motivation of the respondents. It was found out that the respondents were withing the age of 18 – 21 years old, and majority were male. It also revealed their length of training to be 1-5 years while their highest level of participation in the game was in the National tournament. The participants level of aggression and motivation was very high aggressive and highly motivated. It was concluded that while the participants in karate-do tournaments fight in national tournaments, their capability still needs to be enhanced and support by various organizations that are involved.
Analisis Perencanaan Strategi Sistem Informasi Dalam Upaya Keunggulan Bersaing pada Apotek Kimia Farma
Authors: Elsaddhai Elsaddhai , Manuputty Augie David
Published: August 2021

In the current era, a development strategy is needed that can determine the success of all aspects of the business. If the company determines a strategy, problems will arise. In determining a business development strategy, it must be adjusted to the development of the current business situation, because even though the chosen strategy is very good, the situation and conditions are not supportive, then the strategy will fail. This study aims to develop IS / IT strategic planning in competing to increase pharmacy excellence, This research was conducted using the Ward and Peppard method and using the SWOT, Value Chain. The data taken are what factors can be strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and internal and external environmental analysis at the Kimia Farma Pharmacy Salatiga.
Analisis Manajemen Resiko Aplikasi SIPP di Pengadilan Negeri Salatiga Kelas 1B Mengunakan ISO 31000
Authors: Pangestu Ryan Haryo , Cahyono Ariya Dwika , Tanaem Penidas Fiodinggo
Published: August 2021

SIPP application is a case tracing information system whose function is to provide information to the general public or severe parties concerned with the case and the information contained in sipp has been adjusted to the applicable regulations. In implementing the information system there must be risks that hinder the process of the system, so here is required risk analysis aimed at preventing or minimizing the risks that will occur. By using ISO 31000 at salatiga district court office, it is expected to minimize the possibility of risks that will occur around SIPP application. The results will be from iso 31000 risk analysis in the form of a document of possible risks that occur around sipp application, grouping the possible risks and their impacts. So that the results of this research can be useful for the salatiga district court office to prevent or at least minimize the risks that may occur in the SIPP application.
Consommation de ressources et découplage
Authors: LEFÈVRE Thierry
Published: August 2021

Ce chapitre traite de la consommation de matières, notamment des ressources minérales. Il étudie différents indicateurs de consommation de ressources, notamment le concept d’empreinte matérielle, ainsi que la notion de découplage entre croissance économique et utilisation de ressources. Il présente des indices concernant l’occurrence d’un découplage au sein des nations et d’une éventuelle saturation de l’utilisation de ressources.
Les low-tech : une voie vers la nécessaire sobriété métallique ?
Authors: BIHOUIX Philippe
Published: August 2021

La croissance des besoins et les contraintes techniques qui limitent le recyclage effectif des ressources métalliques et la mise en œuvre d’une économie circulaire, rendent notre système industriel insoutenable à terme. Comme démontré dans ce chapitre, il devient nécessaire de s’orienter vers une frugalité métallique, à base de questionnement des besoins (sobriété), d’écoconception plus poussée et de technodiscernement dans les usages (machinisme mesuré). Une telle transition, non seulement possible, est certainement souhaitable dans les conditions socio-économiques actuelles.
Présentation générale du Système solaire
Authors: ENCRENAZ Thérèse , ROQUES Françoise , LAMY Laurent
Published: August 2021

Ce chapitre présente un inventaire des objets constituant le Système solaire. Il traite d’abord de la mécanique et de la dynamique du Système solaire, puis décrit la physique des différentes classes d’objets : les planètes, les satellites, les petits corps du Système solaire et enfin le milieu interplanétaire.
OClO as observed by TROPOMI: a comparison with meteorological parameters and PSC observations
Authors: Puķīte Jānis , Borger Christian , Dörner Steffen , Gu Myojeong , Wagner Thomas
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Chlorine dioxide (OClO) is a by-product of the ozone depleting halogen chemistry in the stratosphere. Although being rapidly photolysed at low solar zenith angles (SZAs) it plays an important role as an indicator of the chlorine activation in polar regions during polar winter and spring at twilight conditions because of the nearly linear dependence of its formation to chlorine oxide (ClO). Here we compare slant column densities (SCDs) of chlorine dioxide (OClO) retrieved by means of differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) from spectra measured by the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) with meteorological data for both Antarctic and Arctic regions for the first three winters in each of the hemispheres (November 2017–October 2020). TROPOMI, a UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR instrument on board of the Sentinel-5P satellite monitors the Earth’s atmosphere in a near polar orbit at an unprecedented spatial resolution and signal to noise ratio and provides daily global coverage at the equator and thus even more frequent observations at polar regions. The observed OClO SCDs are generally well correlated with the meteorological conditions in the polar winter stratosphere: e.g. the chlorine activation signal appears as a sharp gradient in the time series of the OClO SCDs once the temperature drops to values well below the Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT) existence temperature TNAT. Also a relation of enhanced OClO values at lee sides of mountains can be observed at the beginning of the winters indicating a possible effect of occurring lee waves on chlorine activation. The dataset is also compared with CALIPSO Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) observations. In general, OClO SCDs coincide well with CALIOP measurements for which PSCs are detected. Very high OClO levels are observed for the northern hemispheric winter 2019/2020 with an extraordinarly long period with a stable polar vortex being even close to the values found for Southern Hemispheric winters. Also the extraordinary winter in 2019 in the Southern Hemisphere with a minor sudden stratospheric warming at the beginning of September was observed. In this winter similar OClO values were measured in comparison to the previous (usual) winter till that event but with a 1–2 week earlier OClO deactivation.
COVID-19 lockdown NOx emission reductions can explain most of the coincident increase in global atmospheric methane
Authors: Stevenson David , Derwent Richard , Wild Oliver , Collins William
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Compared to 2019, the global growth rate of atmospheric methane rose by about 50 % in 2020, reaching 15 ppb/yr. Models of global atmospheric chemistry show that reductions in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions reduce levels of the hydroxyl radical, and lengthen the methane lifetime. Using estimates of NOx emission reductions associated with COVID-19 lockdowns around the world in 2020, together with model-derived regional and sectoral sensitivities of methane to NOx emissions, we find that NOx emissions reductions can fully explain the observed surge in the global methane growth rate. Whilst changes in NOx emissions are probably not the only important factor that has influenced methane since the beginning of 2020, it is clear that they are a key factor that will need to be included within any attribution study, and that they may well be the dominant driver of these recent methane changes. The major global scale changes in composition of the Earth’s atmosphere measured during lockdown provide unprecedented constraints on the sensitivity of the atmospheric chemical system to changes in emissions, and are of great utility for evaluating policy-relevant models.
Indirect contributions of global fires to surface ozone through ozone–vegetation feedback
Authors: Lei Yadong , Yue Xu , Liao Hong , Zhang Lin , Yang Yang , Zhou Hao , Tian Chenguang , Gong Cheng , Ma Yimian , Gao Lan , Cao Yang
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Fire is an important source of ozone (O3) precursors. The formation of surface O3 can cause damage to vegetation and reduce stomatal conductance. Such processes can feed back to inhibit dry deposition and indirectly enhance surface O3. Here, we apply a fully coupled chemistry–vegetation model to estimate the indirect contributions of global fires to surface O3 through O3–vegetation feedback during
2005–2012. Fire emissions directly increase the global annual mean
O3 by 1.2 ppbv (5.0 %) with a maximum of
5.9 ppbv (24.4 %) averaged over central Africa by emitting
a substantial number of precursors. Considering O3–vegetation
feedback, fires additionally increase surface O3 by 0.5 ppbv
averaged over the Amazon in October, 0.3 ppbv averaged over southern
Asia in April, and 0.2 ppbv averaged over central Africa in April.
During extreme O3–vegetation interactions, such a feedback can rise to
>0.6 ppbv in these fire-prone areas. Moreover, large ratios of
indirect-to-direct fire O3 are found in eastern China
(3.7 %) and the eastern US (2.0 %), where the high
ambient O3 causes strong O3–vegetation interactions. With the likelihood of increasing fire risks in a warming climate, fires may promote
surface O3 through both direct emissions and indirect
chemistry–vegetation feedbacks. Such indirect enhancement will cause
additional threats to public health and ecosystem productivity.
Validation and Error Estimation of AIRS MUSES CO Profiles with HIPPO, ATom and NOAA GML Aircraft Observations
Authors: Hegarty Jennifer D. , Cady-Pereira Karen E. , Payne Vivienne H. , Kulawik Susan S. , Worden John R. , Kantchev Valentin , Worden Helen M. , McKain Kathryn , Pittman Jasna V. , Commane Róisín , Daube Jr. Bruce C. , Kort Eric A.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Single footprint retrievals of carbon monoxide from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) are evaluated using aircraft in situ observations. The aircraft data are from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole (HIPPO, 2009–2011), the first three Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom, 2016–2017) campaigns and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML) Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network Aircraft Program from 2006–2017. The retrievals are obtained using an optimal estimation approach within the MUlti-SpEctra, MUlti-SpEcies, MUlti-Sensors (MUSES) algorithm. Retrieval biases and estimated errors are evaluated across a range of latitudes from the sub-polar to tropical regions over both ocean and land points. AIRS MUSES CO profiles were compared with HIPPO, ATom, and NOAA GML aircraft observations with a coincidence of 9 hours and 50 km to estimate retrieval biases and standard deviations. Comparisons were done for different pressure levels and column averages, latitudes, day, night, land, and ocean observations. We find mean biases of +6.6 % +/− 4.6 %, +0.6 % +/− 3.2 %, −6.1 % +/− 3.0 %, and 1.4 % +/− 3.6 %, for 750 hPa, 510 hPa, 287 hPa, and the column averages, respectively. The mean standard deviation is 15 %, 11 %, 12 %, and 9 % at these same pressure levels, respectively. Observation errors (theoretical errors) from the retrievals were found to be broadly consistent in magnitude with those estimated empirically from ensembles of satellite aircraft comparisons. The GML Aircraft Program comparisons generally had higher standard deviations and biases than the HIPPO and ATom comparisons. Since the GML aircraft flights do not go as high as the HIPPO and ATom flights, results from these GML comparisons are more sensitive to the choice of method for extrapolation of the aircraft profile above the uppermost measurement altitude. The AIRS retrieval performance shows little sensitivity to surface type (land or ocean) or day or night but some sensitivity to latitude. Comparisons to the NOAA GML set spanning the years 2006–2017 show that the AIRS retrievals are able to capture the distinct seasonal cycles but show a high bias of ~20 % in the lower troposphere during the summer when observed CO mixing ratios are at annual minimum values. The retrieval bias drift was examined over the same period and found to be small at < 0.5 % over the 2006–2017 time period.
Patterns in recent and Holocene pollen accumulation rates across Europe – the Pollen Monitoring Programme Database as a tool for vegetation reconstruction
Authors: Abraham Vojtěch , Hicks Sheila , Svobodová-Svitavská Helena , Bozilova Elissaveta , Panajiotidis Sampson , Filipova-Marinova Mariana , Jensen Christin Eldegard , Tonkov Spassimir , Pidek Irena Agnieszka , Święta-Musznicka Joanna , Zimny Marcelina , Kvavadze Eliso , Filbrandt-Czaja Anna , Hättestrand Martina , Karlıoğlu Kılıç Nurgül , Kosenko Jana , Nosova Maria , Severova Elena , Volkova Olga , Hallsdóttir Margrét , Kalniņa Laimdota , Noryśkiewicz Agnieszka M. , Noryśkiewicz Bożena , Pardoe Heather , Christodoulou Areti , Koff Tiiu , Fontana Sonia L. , Alenius Teija , Isaksson Elisabeth , Seppä Heikki , Veski Siim , Pędziszewska Anna , Weiser Martin , Giesecke Thomas
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The collection of modern, spatially extensive pollen data is important
for the interpretation of fossil pollen assemblages and the
reconstruction of past vegetation communities in space and time. Modern
datasets are readily available for percentage data but lacking for
pollen accumulation rates (PARs). Filling this gap has been the
motivation of the pollen monitoring network, whose contributors
monitored pollen deposition in modified Tauber traps for several years
or decades across Europe. Here we present this monitoring dataset
consisting of 351 trap locations with a total of 2742 annual samples
covering the period from 1981 to 2017. This dataset shows that total PAR
is influenced by forest cover and climate parameters, which determine
pollen productivity and correlate with latitude. Treeless vegetation
produced PAR values of at least 140 grains cm−2 yr−1. Tree PAR increased by at least 400 grains cm−2 yr−1 with each 10 % increase in forest cover. Pollen traps situated beyond 200 km of the distribution of a given tree species still collect occasional pollen grains of that species. The threshold of this long-distance transport differs for
individual species and is generally below 60 grains cm−2 yr−1. Comparisons between modern and fossil PAR from the same regions show similar values. For temperate taxa, modern analogues for fossil PARs are generally found downslope or southward of the fossil sites. While we do not find modern situations comparable to fossil PAR values of some taxa (e.g. Corylus), CO2 fertilization and land use may cause high modern PARs that are not documented in the fossil record. The modern data are now publicly available in the Neotoma Paleoecology Database and aid
interpretations of fossil PAR data.
A stable ultrastructural pattern despite variable cell size in Lithothamnion corallioides
Authors: Bracchi Valentina Alice , Piazza Giulia , Basso Daniela
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Recent advances on the mechanism and pattern of calcification in coralline algae lead to contradictory conclusions. Coralline calcification appears biologically induced, as suggested by the dependency of its elemental composition on environmental variables. However, evidence of a biologically controlled calcification process, resulting in distinctive patterns at the scale of family, was also observed. In order to clarify the matter, five collections of Lithothamnion corallioides from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, across a wide depth range (12–66 m) have been analyzed for morphology, anatomy and cell wall crystal patterns of both perithallial and epithallial cells, in order to detect possible ultrastructural changes. L. corallioides shows the alternation of tiers of short-squared and long-ovoid/rectangular cells along the perithallus, forming a typical banding. The perithallial cell length decreases according to water depth and growth-rate, whereas diameter remains constant. Our observations confirm that both epithallial and perithallial cells show primary (PW) and secondary (SW) calcite walls. Rectangular tiles, with the long axis parallel to the cell membrane forming a multi-layered structure, characterize the PW. Flattened squared bricks characterize the SW with roundish outlines enveloping the cell and showing a zigzag pattern. Long and short cells have different thickness of PW and SW, with a thicker SW and PW in short cells. Epithallial cells are one up to three flared cells, with the same shape of the PW and SW crystals. Despite the diverse seafloor environments and the variable L. corallioides growth-rate, the cell walls maintain a consistent ultrastructural pattern, with unaffected crystal shape and arrangement. A comparison with two congeneric species, L. minervae and L. valens, showed similar ultrastructural patterns in SW, but evident differences in the PW crystal shape. Our observations point to a biological control rather than an induction of the calcification process in coralline algae, and suggest a possible new morphological diagnostic tool for species identification, with relevant importance for paleontological application. Finally, secondary calcite, in form of dogtooth crystals that fill the cell lumen, has been observed. It represents a form of early diagenesis in living collections which can have implications in the reliability of climate and paleoclimate studies based on the geochemistry techniques.
Sensitivity of the surface energy budget to drifting snow as simulated by MAR in coastal Adelie Land, Antarctica
Authors: Le Toumelin Louis , Amory Charles , Favier Vincent , Kittel Christoph , Hofer Stefan , Fettweis Xavier , Gallée Hubert , Kayetha Vinay
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In order to understand the evolution of the climate of Antarctica, dominant processes that control surface and low-atmosphere meteorology need to be accurately captured in climate models. We used the regional climate model MAR (v3.11) at 10 km horizontal resolution, forced by ERA5 reanalysis over a 9-year period (2010–2018) to study the impact of drifting snow (designating here the wind-driven transport of snow particles below and above 2 m) on the near-surface atmosphere and surface in Adelie Land, East Antarctica. Two model runs were performed, one with and one without drifting snow, and compared to half-hourly in situ observations at D17, a coastal and windy location of Adelie Land. We show that sublimation of drifting-snow particles in the atmosphere drives the difference between model runs and is responsible for significant impacts on the near-surface atmosphere. By cooling the low atmosphere and increasing its relative humidity, drifting snow also reduces sensible and latent heat exchanges at the surface (−5.7 W m−2 on average). Moreover, large and dense drifting-snow layers act as near-surface cloud by interacting with incoming radiative fluxes, enhancing incoming longwave radiation and reducing incoming shortwave radiation in summer (net radiative forcing: 5.7 W m−2). Even if drifting snow modifies these processes involved in surface–atmosphere interactions, the total surface energy budget is only slightly modified by introducing drifting snow because of compensating effects in surface energy fluxes. The drifting-snow driven effects are not prominent near the surface but peak higher in the boundary layer (fourth vertical level, 12 m) where drifting-snow sublimation is the most pronounced. Accounting for drifting snow in MAR generally improves the comparison at D17, especially for the representation of relative humidity (mean bias reduced from −14.0 % to −0.7 %) and incoming longwave radiation (mean bias reduced from −20.4 W m−2 to −14.9 W m−2). Consequently, our results suggest that a detailed representation of drifting-snow processes is required in climate models to better capture the near-surface meteorology and surface–atmosphere interactions in coastal Adelie Land.