bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodontal Status in Periodontitis Patients with Temporary Periodontal Splint: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sulijaya Benso , Hutomo Dimas Ilham , Jesson Alvin , Rahdewati Herlis , Tadjoedin Fatimah Maria
Published: June 2024

Background

Periodontitis, an inflammatory condition initiated by a number of particular microorganisms, damages the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone, resulting in tooth mobility or even tooth loss. Periodontal splinting can be administered in adjunct to periodontal treatment by stabilizing tooth mobility. To the best of our knowledge, no strong evidence has been reported regarding the clinical data of tooth immobilization in periodontitis in order to optimize the outcome. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to investigate the epidemiologic data and periodontal status of periodontitis patients who underwent the temporary periodontal splinting treatment.

Methods

Periodontal medical records in the dental hospital were collected within the past two years based on the inclusion criteria of this study. Medical records of patients with systemic disease and a history of periodontal surgery were excluded.

Results

Patients who received a temporary periodontal splint was more prevalent in females (70.2%), young elderly-age group (53.2%), patients with extra-coronal splint (55.4%), patients who had occlusal adjustment prior to the splint (51.8%), patients with good Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) (75%), and Trauma from the occlusion (TFO) cases (45.2%). The damage that reaches the apical third of the dental root was 7%, the middle third of the dental root was 49.2%, and tooth #31 had the largest distribution with the most alveolar bone injury. The tooth #42 had the highest vertical pattern (7%) and horizontal pattern (62.8%) of alveolar bone damage.

Conclusion

In conclusion, temporary periodontal splint therapy has been conducted widely to support periodontal status.
High-risk Pregnancy Nursing: Analyzing the Impact of Prenatal Stress, Maternal-Fetal Attachment, and Social Support on Prenatal Depression
Authors: Choe Jae Hui , Yun Sun Jeong , Kim Hye Young
Published: June 2024

Background

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of pregnancy stress, maternal-fetal attachment, and social support on prenatal depression among high-risk pregnant women. This research aims to provide foundational data to assist in preventing prenatal depression in high-risk pregnant women within the nursing field.

Methods

A study was conducted on 141 high-risk pregnant women diagnosed as high-risk and hospitalized, who were less than 37 weeks pregnant. The study investigated pregnancy stress, maternal-fetal attachment, social support, and general characteristics. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 22.0 software, employing methods, such as frequency, percentage, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Scheffé test, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis.

Results

The participants showed a positive correlation between prenatal depression and pregnancy stress (r= 0.51, p< 0.001) and negative correlations with maternal-fetal attachment (r=- 0.38, p< 0.001) and social support (r=- 0.50, p< 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that the relationship with the spouse (β=-0.42, p= 0.006), a family history of depression (β= 0.35, p< 0.001), pregnancy stress (β= 0.30, p< 0.001), and maternal-fetal attachment (β=- 0.15, p= 0.033) significantly influenced prenatal depression in that order, with an explanatory power of 52% (F=16.04, p<0.001).

Conclusion

In managing prenatal depression in high-risk pregnant women, it is essential to identify individuals with strained relationships with their spouses or a family history of depression. Furthermore, implementing educational and nursing intervention programs designed to reduce pregnancy stress and encourage maternal-fetal attachment behaviors is crucial.
Specificity of Islam Digitalization and IT-Halal
Authors:   Leo Tolstoy Tula State Pedagogical University, Elena Nikolaevna Chesnova
Published: June 2024

The article reveals the specifics of the transformation of Islam in the modern world under the influence of religion digitalization processes. A classification of the changes that have taken place in Islam is given through the example of digital religious phenomena that have appeared, digi-tal religious services and products, IT-halal products and software related to the cyber life of Mus-lims and required for its implementation. When considering examples of Islam digitalization, the author focuses on domestic Islam and grounds the idea that the process of Islam digitalization, its “zeroing” is a naturally determined one and is a way of adaptation of Islam and the global ummah to the modern conditions of the development of society, science, technology and culture. As a result, Islam begins to speak and conduct a dialogue in the parlance of digital society. The article shows the changes that have taken place in the ummah itself and in the ways of relationships and communica-tion in the Muslim community and demonstrates how the active cyber life of Muslims leads to the transformation of the ummah into a global virtual community that became a basis for the emer-gence of “new Islam”.
Critique of “False Sheikhs” in the Works of Dagestani Enlightening Reformers of the First Third of the 20th Century (Based on the Materials of the Arabic-Language «Bayan al-haqa’iq» Journal (1925–1928))
Authors:   Department of Oriental Studies, Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Amir Ramazanovich Navruzov
Published: June 2024

The paper deals with an issue of “false sheikhs”, which was relevant in the early 20th century in Dagestan. The subject is discussed from the perspective of Muslim reformers who gained popular-ity in the region at that time. The ideas of the Salafism that penetrated Dagestan via the Muslim education reformers were met with a strong opposition from Dagestani theologists, mainly the Sufi sheikhs, who wrote a number of works in Arabic to disprove the Salafi teachings. Regarding the is-sue of “false sheikhs”, however, their opinions coincided with the ones held by education reformers, which is evidenced by the articles from th e Arabic-language journal Bayan al-haqa’iq. Dagestani education reformers, being generally positive about classical Sufism, strongly criticized some mani-festations of Sufism of the first third of the 20th century on the part of incompetent “false sheikhs”, who for their personal gain introduced some questionable innovations, conflicting with the very es-sence of Sharia, and thus discrediting Sufism as a legitimate branch of Islam.
Patriotism and Internationalism in Islam
Authors:   Don State Agrarian University, Andrey Fedorovich Polomoshnov ,   Rostov State University of Economics, Platon Andreevich Polomoshnov
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the problem of correlation between patriotism and internationalism in Is-lam. The concepts of patriotism and internationalism are clarified and it is proved that constructive na-tionalism, as the core of patriotism, does not contradict constructive internationalism, but is harmoni-ously combined with it. The authors consider the balance of internationalism and patriotism in tradi-tional Islam and the historical testing of this balance. Pan-Islamism is analyzed separately as a form of politicized Islamic internationalism. Two main forms of Islamic nationalism that developed in the 20th century are singled out. The constructive form led to the formation of a new synthesis of international-ism and patriotism with the dominance of the latter in modern Muslim nation states. The destructive form of modern Islamic internationalism is radical Islamic extremism and international terrorism. The authors conclude that in traditional Islam, one of the foundations of the righteous faith is humanistic patriotism based on constructive spiritual Islamic internationalism.
Revisiting Philosophical and Islamic Understanding of Sacrifice
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Musa Gasanguseynovch Kurbanov
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the philosophical and Islam-ic understanding of the phenomenon of sacrifice. The relevance and the problematic character of cogni-tion of this phenomenon by religion, philosophy and science is explained by the semantic inexhaustibil-ity and multidimensionality of the meanings that define the comprehension and implementation of sac-rifice in human life. The methods and means used in the study are adequate to the systemic and inter-disciplinary nature of the phenomenon studied. The author believes that in contrast to the archaic, pa-gan sacrifice addressed to ephemeral idols and associated with violent acts of an irreversible nature, modern civilized Islamic sacrifice is expressed in the forms of voluntary dedication by a believer of his whole life to the rules and norms of worship, submission and fulfillment of duty to the Almighty. The author explores the conceptual and semantic similarities and differences between the substantive and attributive understanding of sacrifice reflected in long-term disputes and discussions throughout the history of Islam.
Islamic Worldview in Modern Anthropology (review of academic publications)
Authors:   The Center for Islamic Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of  Tatarstan, Daniyar Rustamovich Gilmutdinov ,   Private Institution of Higher Education “Russian Islamic Institute”
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the trends in the development of “Anthropology of Islam” as a popular re-search and educational direction in the last decade. Academics with a Muslim background work to correct the representation of Islam and the inner world of Muslims in scientific discourse. When studying Muslims, their internal disposition is often ignored and conclusions, made only on the ba-sis of “outsider” observations, may be superficial and biased since the “correct” Europeanized re-spondents are surveyed. Islamic scholars have been trying to correct it and achieve adequate repre-sentation of Muslims since the time of Talal Assad. The main methodological materials are present-ed in the article in the order of their appearance.
On Islamic Religious Names and the Specifics of Their Functioning in the Media and Social Networks
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Elena Aleksandrovna Zyuzina
Published: June 2024

The article examines some Islamic religious names that are actively used in the lan-guage of mass media and social networks. The problem is that most lexical units naming Islamic concepts are not recorded In Russian dictionaries with a complete and correct interpretation of their meaning, which leads to the situation when people professing other religions in Russia get certain ideas about Islam from the press and social networks where Islamic vocabulary is often used in contexts that distort the meaning of these words, which leads to incorrect understanding of Islam. The research methods applied in this study allow to establish that Islamic religious names are used in the Russian language both in their sacred and figurative meanings and perform various functions in the investigated texts.
The Contribution of Professor Rafael Rakhmatullin to the Development of Russian Islamic Studies (Sacred to the Memory of a Friend)
Authors:   R.G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rushan Rakhimzyanovich Gallyamov
Published: June 2024

The article describes the contribution of a prominent Russian philosopher professor Rafael Rakh-matullin to the development of domestic Islamic studies. His unusual entry into the academic sphere and teaching activities in higher education, his personal participation in one of the Sufi tariqas (brotherhoods) over a period of several years allowed Rafael Rakhmatullin to develop and leave a rich creative legacy on the problems of Islamic studies: both from the point of view of reli-gious studies, and from the standpoint of a deep theological research into the most important prob-lems of modern Islamic doctrine, while preserving the secular philosophical discourse of analysis.
A szolgáló, etikus és autentikus vezetési stílusok összehasonlító elemzése a BANI világ kihívásainak tükrében
Authors: Kollár László , Pierog Anita
Published: June 2024

In a globalised and accelerated economy, managers are under increasing pressure to reconcile organisational goals that are independent from human being with the reality of human relationships. The human being, as a being with intellect and senses striving towards happiness, is the focus of positive leadership styles and is their major concern in the field of management theory. In this article, three such positive styles, authentic, servant and ethical leadership principles and their operating conditions are compared using international literature. The literature time span of about two decades shows that the evolution of the ethical leadership literature has slowed down, while the authentic and servant leadership literature has continued to evolve and is still evolving today. The comparative table that appears in this study highlights both commonalities and distinctions, in that, in addition to high moral and ethical standards, the authentic style focuses primarily on the person of the leader, the ethical leader on the ethical standards of the organisation, while the servant leader focuses on the development of the well-being of the subordinate, the other person, even through self-sacrifice.  We intend to use the results of this research to investigate measures of positive styles, preparing the scientific ground for future primary empirical field studies.
Transdermal drug delivery using low-frequency sonophoresis: COMSOL simulation of piezoelectric array transducers
Authors:   Institite of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Liaquat University of Medical Health and Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan, Moorat Sehreen , Ursani Ahsan Ahmed ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, Telecommunication Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan, Memon Aftab ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, Telecommunication Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan, Nasir Nashrul Fazli Mohd ,   Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia, Nour Majid ,   Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Published: June 2024

This study explores the design and simulation of specialized sonophoretic transducers aimed at enhancing the transdermal delivery of large drugs. We examine different elements of the transducer's design, such as the choice of materials, its dimensions, and the matching of acoustic impedance. We selected PZT-4, from the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) group, as the main material due to its excellent piezoelectric features and durability. We also use polymer matrices to make the transducer less rigid. The simulation outcomes, using COMSOL Multiphysics, cover five different transducer array sizes (8x5, 10x6, 12x8, 14x9, and 16x10) within the frequency range of 20-40 kHz. We measure the acoustic pressure at a depth of 0.1 mm under the skin, which is key for successful drug delivery through the skin. Our results show how increasing the size of the array affects the transducer's efficiency. We confirm our simulation results by comparing them with a previously published ANSYS simulation and finding good alignment. This comparison adds reliability to our methods and outcomes. The study also proposes creating a small, wrist-mounted device for drug delivery that could be combined with drug patches, making it user-friendly. Moreover, we stress the need to follow Mechanical Index (MI) guidelines to avoid damaging the skin. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of the array size in the performance of the transducer and confirm the validity of our simulation approach, paving the way for innovative solutions in drug delivery that could have wide applications in healthcare.
Investigating the Interrelationships Among Mental Health, Substance Use Disorders, and Suicidal Ideation Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults in the United States: Population-Based Statewide Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chan Alex Siu Wing , Tam Hon Lon , Wong Florence Kwai Ching , Wong Gordon , Leung Lok Man , Ho Jacqueline Mei Chi , Tang Patrick Ming Kuen , Yan Elsie
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Mental health disparities have been documented among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults in the United States. Substance use disorders and suicidal ideation have been identified as important health concerns for this population. However, the interrelationships among these factors are not well understood.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the interrelationships among mental health, substance use disorders, and suicidal ideation among LGB adults in the United States using a population-based statewide survey.

METHODS

Our study was an observational cross-sectional analysis, and the data for this study were collected from a sample of LGB adults who participated in the statewide survey. The survey collected information on mental health, substance use disorders, and suicidal ideation using validated measures. Descriptive statistics and inferential data analysis were conducted to explore the interrelationships among these factors.

RESULTS

The results showed that LGB adults who reported higher levels of depression and drug abuse and dependence also reported higher levels of suicidal tendency and mental illness. Inferential data analysis using χ2 tests revealed significant differences in depression score (χ22=458.241; P<.001), drug abuse and dependence score (χ22=226.946; P<.001), suicidal tendency score (χ22=67.795; P<.001), and mental illness score (χ22=363.722; P<.001) among the 3 sexual identity groups. Inferential data analysis showed significant associations between sexual identity and mental health outcomes, with bisexual individuals reporting the highest levels of depression, drug abuse and dependence, suicidal tendency, and mental illness.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides important insights into the interrelationships among mental health, substance use disorders, and suicidal ideation among LGB adults in the United States. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and research aimed at addressing the mental health needs of sexual minority populations. Future research should aim to better understand the underlying mechanisms driving these disparities and develop culturally sensitive and tailored interventions that meet the unique needs of LGB individuals. Reducing stigma and discrimination against sexual minority populations is also crucial to improving their mental health outcomes.
Clinical Simulation in the Regulation of Software as a Medical Device: An eDelphi Study (Preprint)
Authors: O'Driscoll Fiona , O'Brien Niki , Guo Chaohui , Prime Matthew , Darzi Ara , Ghafur Saira
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Accelerated digitalization in the health sector requires the development of appropriate evaluation methods to ensure that digital health technologies (DHTs) are safe and effective. Software as a medical device (SaMD) is a commonly used DHT by clinicians to provide care to patients. Traditional research methods for evaluating health care products, such as randomized clinical trials, may not be suitable for DHTs, such as SaMD. However, evidence to show their safety and efficacy is needed by regulators before they can be used in practice. Clinical simulation can be used by researchers to test SaMD in an agile and low-cost way; yet, there is limited research on criteria to assess the robustness of simulations and, subsequently, their relevance for a regulatory decision.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to gain consensus on the criteria that should be used to assess clinical simulation from a regulatory perspective when it is used to generate evidence for SaMD.

METHODS

An eDelphi study approach was chosen to develop a set of criteria to assess clinical simulation when used to evaluate SaMD. Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling based on their experience and knowledge in relevant sectors. They were guided through an initial scoping questionnaire with key themes identified from the literature to obtain a comprehensive list of criteria. Participants voted upon these criteria in 2 Delphi rounds, with criteria being excluded if consensus was not met. Participants were invited to add qualitative comments during rounds and qualitative analysis was performed on the comments gathered during the first round. Consensus was predefined by 2 criteria: if <10% of the panelists deemed the criteria as “not important” or “not important at all” and >60% “important” or “very important.”

RESULTS

In total, 33 international experts in the digital health field, including academics, regulators, policy makers, and industry representatives, completed both Delphi rounds, and 43 criteria gained consensus from the participants. The research team grouped these criteria into 7 domains—background and context, overall study design, study population, delivery of the simulation, fidelity, software and artificial intelligence, and study analysis. These 7 domains were formulated into the simulation for regulation of SaMD framework. There were key areas of concern identified by participants regarding the framework criteria, such as the importance of how simulation fidelity is achieved and reported and the avoidance of bias throughout all stages.

CONCLUSIONS

This study proposes the simulation for regulation of SaMD framework, developed through an eDelphi consensus process, to evaluate clinical simulation when used to assess SaMD. Future research should prioritize the development of safe and effective SaMD, while implementing and refining the framework criteria to adapt to new challenges.
Stimulation Therapy to Induce Mothers: Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Tortal Danna , Shabanova Veronika , Taylor Sarah , Xu Xiao , McAdow Molly , Stetson Bethany , McCollum Sarah , Sanchez Ester , Adjakple Amie , Leventhal Jessica , Son Moeun
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

More than 1 million women have their labor induced in the United States each year, and synthetic oxytocin infusion is the most common method used. However, compared to spontaneous labor, medical induction is resource intensive, has increased obstetric risks, and is associated with less successful breastfeeding. In contrast to the endogenous oxytocin hormone, which is released in a pulsatile fashion in the brain, synthetic oxytocin is continuously infused intravenously, resulting in important limitations related to efficacy, safety, and cost. Akin to spontaneous labor contractions, infant suckling of the breast nipple is known to stimulate the pulsatile release of endogenous oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland. Nipple stimulation therapy via an electric breast pump similarly stimulates endogenous oxytocin release and may be a favorable inpatient method for patients undergoing labor induction.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine whether inpatient nipple stimulation therapy is an efficacious labor induction method that increases the likelihood of spontaneous vaginal delivery and sustained breastfeeding and determine whether it is a cost-effective approach.

METHODS

This is a multicenter, pragmatic, open-label, parallel-group randomized controlled trial of nulliparous patients with singleton gestations ≥36 weeks undergoing labor induction. This trial compares inpatient nipple stimulation therapy via an electric breast pump versus immediate synthetic oxytocin infusion without nipple stimulation. This trial including 988 nulliparas will provide adequate statistical power to detect clinically meaningful differences in delivery mode and breast milk as the sole source of nutrition for newborns at hospital discharge or 72 hours after birth.

RESULTS

The project received pilot funding in 2021 and full funding in 2023. Enrollment for this study began in November 2021 at a single site, and as of May 2024, recruitment is underway at 3 study sites. It is anticipated that enrollment will be completed by late 2026.

CONCLUSIONS

Successful completion of this trial will provide rigorous data to determine whether inpatient nipple stimulation therapy with an electric breast pump can improve the way we induce labor and positively impact breastfeeding success and early infant nutrition through lactation.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05079841; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05079841

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/63463
Datathons in Medical Education: A Case Study and Best Practice Recommendations (Preprint)
Authors: Yao Michael Steven , Sun Clara , Stephen Steve J , Liou Lathan
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

As artificial intelligence and machine learning become increasingly influential in clinical practice, it is critical for future physicians to understand how such novel technologies will impact the delivery of patient care.

OBJECTIVE

We describe a trainee-led, multi-institutional datathon as an effective means of teaching key data science and machine learning skills to medical trainees. We offer key insights on the practical implementation of such datathons and analyze experiences gained and lessons learned for future datathon iterations.

METHODS

We detail a recent datathon organized by MDplus, a national student-run nonprofit consisting of over 3,000 medical trainee members and physician-innovators. To assess the efficacy of the datathon as an educational experience, a short opt-in post-datathon survey was sent to all registered participants. Survey responses were de-identified and anonymized before downstream analysis to assess the quality of datathon experiences and areas for future work.

RESULTS

Our virtual datathon was attended by approximately 200 medical trainees across the United States. A diverse array of medical specialty interests were represented amongst participants, with 44% of survey participants expressing an interest in Internal Medicine, 33% in Surgery, and 19% in Radiology. Participant skills in leveraging Python and R for analyzing medical datasets improved after the datathon, and survey respondents enjoyed participating in the datathon (average score: 4.23 / 5).

CONCLUSIONS

The datathon proved to be an effective and cost-effective means of providing medical trainees the opportunity to collaborate on data-driven projects in healthcare. Participants agreed that the datathon improved their ability to generate clinically meaningful insights from data. Our results suggest that datathons can serve as valuable and effective educational experiences for medical trainees to become better skilled in leveraging data science and artificial intelligence for patient care.
CRITICISM ABOUT ADOLESCENT CONSUMPTIVE BEHAVIOUR: RECEPTION ANALYSIS ON “SPINE BREAKER” LYRICS BY BTS
Authors: Paundra Annisa Mutiara , Kusuma Rina Sari
Published: June 2024

Consumptive behavior is an act of excessive prioritization of desire or wants over need or necessity and it has no predominance scale, this is rooted in the fact that adolescents are the most consumptive age. “Spine Breaker” by BTS highlights the rampant consumerism by adolescents due to peer pressure and how adolescents tend to beg their parents for necessities that they can’t afford. This study aims to examine the discernment of ARMY, the fandom name for BTS’ fans, towards the message about criticism regarding adolescent consumptive behavior that is conveyed through the lyrics of “Spine Breaker” by BTS using the purposive sampling technique. Therefore, there are six respondents. This research used a qualitative approach. The respondents who are also part of the fandom are classified into three different groups based on their economic status and later the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is used for data collection purposes. Thus the six respondents in this study have been divided into three groups based on their economic status, and later the result of this research is the division of respondents into two audience positions; the dominant hegemony and the negotiating position in relation to Stuart Hall’s reception theory.
“NO QUEDA OTRA"
Authors: Pandolfi Milanta Jimena , Martínez Chiancone Federica
Published: June 2024

En las últimas décadas se ha incrementado el stock de plataformas y aplicaciones digitales dirigidas a niños/as pequeños y, con ello, el tiempo de exposición de los mismos a pantallas. Es extenso el debate en relación a las potencialidades y consecuencias de esta situación para su desarrollo futuro. El artículo analiza los discursos de madres y padres para legitimar las prácticas de exposición en el cuidado de los/as más pequeños. A partir de análisis de contenido y análisis argumental de las conversaciones emergentes en nueve grupos de discusión realizados en Uruguay durante el año 2021, se tipologizan modos de legitimación. Se identifican cuatro tipos: (1) legitimación situacional; (2) legitimación social; (3) legitimación educativa; y (4) legitimación funcional.
Determinantes de la deuda de los hogares
Authors: Rabanal Cristian
Published: June 2024

Ha sido bien documentado en la literatura el impacto negativo que un rápido crecimiento de la deuda de los hogares puede ocasionar sobre el crecimiento económico futuro. Esto ha despertado gran interés entre los economistas para comprender cuáles son los factores que pueden afectar a dicho nivel de deuda, tanto desde el punto de vista teórico como así también desde la perspectiva del policy maker. En general, los hacedores de políticas podrán comparar los beneficios y riesgos de la deuda de los hogares a lo largo de varios horizontes de tiempo, mientras que los académicos podrán avanzar en el entendimiento del tema y sus implicancias teórico-prácticas. Dado que la literatura es escasa para Latinoamérica, el objetivo de este artículo es establecer los determinantes del endeudamiento de las familias. Para ello se trabaja con un panel desbalanceado de datos, compuesto por 10 países que abarca el período 2001-2021. Los principales resultados muestran como factores determinantes el nivel de ahorro de los hogares, la tasa de desempleo, la esperanza de vida, la efectividad del gobierno y la tasa de inflación. A excepción de la tasa de inflación, los coeficientes estimados están en línea con los resultados obtenidos por otros estudios para países desarrollados en lo que refiere a la dirección del impacto, pero en general, la magnitud es significativamente menor. El indicador de profundidad financiero utilizado no presenta el signo esperado en la teoría.
O conceito de Trabalho Decente
Authors: Cardoso de Melo Gonçalves Wagna Maqui
Published: June 2024

Objetiva-se tecer críticas ao conceito de Trabalho Decente da Organização Internacional do Trabalho - OIT. Fragmentou em cinco partes o conceito cunhado por Juan Somávia, então diretor geral da OIT. Baseou-se à análise das categorias fragmentadas a literatura crítica a partir dos autores Harvey (1992, 2011); Proni e Rocha (2010); Coutinho (2010); Simionatto (2014); Silva e Barbosa (2016) Beltramilli Neto e Voltani (2019); Gonçalves (2019) etc. Identificou-se que a proposta do ‘Trabalho Decente’ é progressista, mas omite suas contradições existentes. Conclui-se que o termo Trabalho Decente está fadado a não superar ou vencer o combate à pobreza e precarização do trabalho sem, contudo, pautar o gerador de tais problemas: a exploração da classe trabalhadora pelo capital de forma desmedida e a expropriação de seus parcos direitos com fins de manutenção e maximização dos lucros capitalistas.
Stem cell therapy for cardiac regeneration: key points
Authors:   Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, M. D. Strazhesko National Scientific Center of Cardiology, Clinical and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kyryk Vitalii ,   D. F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of disability and mortality among the working population, necessitating the development and implementation of new, more effective treatment and rehabilitation methods for such patients, including the use of modern cellular and tissue technologies. In this review, an analysis and summary of research results over the past decades regarding the effectiveness of various types of stem cells in heart pathology were conducted. Priority directions include the search for more accessible and safe sources of stem cells, the development of new effective methods for their cultivation, and the use of scaffolds for transplantation. Given the pathogenetic mechanisms of cardiovascular pathology and myocardial regeneration, particular interest for clinical application is drawn to tissue-specific progenitors from the myocardium for replacing injured cardiomyocytes, endothelial progenitors for correcting accompanying endothelial dysfunction, and multipotent mesenchymal cells of various origins with low immunogenicity that exhibit trophic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Questions regarding the optimal method, dose, and frequency of stem cell administration, as well as the standardization of criteria for their quality and effectiveness, remain open. Additionally, the combined use of different types of stem cells may serve as a new priority strategy in assessing the effectiveness and safety of cell therapy, especially considering the paradigm of repeated transplantation. The successful translation of obtained preclinical results into further large, well-planned, placebo-controlled clinical trials will enhance the safety and effectiveness of cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases, which is one of the current challenges of modern regenerative medicine.
Morphofunctional changes in the kidneys of rats during acute respiratory distress syndrome and its treatment with human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors:   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine, Palii I. , Dovgalyuk A. , Redko O. , Dovbush A. , Kramar S. , Nebesna Z. , Korda M.
Published: June 2024

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe pathological condition often accompanied by kidney injury. It is known that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have high potential for treating various diseases due to their ability to paracrinely stimulate the regeneration of damaged cells and tissues and restore impaired organ functions. Purpose: To investigate the nephroprotective effect of human umbilical cord MSCs in a model of ARDS induced in rats by intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and methods: Seventy-two sexually mature male Wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups: intact animals, 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days of ARDS development, MSC control, and four treatment groups: 24 hours LPS + 2 days MSCs, 4 days LPS + 3 days MSCs, 14 days LPS + 14 days MSCs, 21 days LPS + 7 days MSCs. MSCs were administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 106 cells/kg body weight. Levels of structural kidney damage were assessed using histological analysis of sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The expression of the fibrosis marker TGF-β1 in kidney tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry technique. Creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels in blood serum were measured using a kinetic method. Results: The conducted studies revealed the presence of significant damage to the kidney parenchyma, signs of fibrosis, and impaired nephron function in rats with modeled ARDS. The severity of pathological changes increased with the duration of the experiment. The use of human umbilical MSCs as a treatment factor significantly reduced the severity of coagulopathy, tubular necrosis, and destruction of renal corpuscles, inhibited the development of interstitial fibrosis, and improved the levels of renal blood markers. The best nephroprotective effect of MSCs was observed on the 28th day of the experiment in the group 14 daysLPS + 14 daysMSCs. This is likely due to the earlier use and longer duration of action of the stem cells compared to the group 21 daysLPS + 7 daysMSCs. Conclusion: Human umbilical MSCs have regenerative, antifibrotic, and nephroprotective effects in an animal model of kidney injury caused by ARDS. This may indicate the therapeutic potential of umbilical MSCs for the treatment of nephropathies of various origins.
A Multimodal Perception System for Precise Landing of UAVs in Offshore Environments
Authors: Claro Rafael Marques , Neves Francisco Soares Pinto , Pinto Andry Maykol Gomes
Published: June 2024

The integration of precise landing capabilities into UAVs is crucial for
enabling autonomous operations, particularly in challenging environments
such as the offshore scenarios. This work proposes a heterogeneous
perception system that incorporates a multimodal fiducial marker,
designed to improve the accuracy and robustness of autonomous landing of
UAVs in both daytime and nighttime operations. This work presents
ViTAL-TAPE, a visual transformer-based model, that enhance the detection
reliability of the landing target and overcomes the changes in the
illumination conditions and viewpoint positions, where traditional
methods fail. VITAL-TAPE is an end-to-end model that combines multimodal
perceptual information, including photometric and radiometric data, to
detect landing targets defined by a fiducial marker with 6
degrees-of-freedom. Extensive experiments have proved the ability of
VITAL-TAPE to detect fiducial markers with an error of 0.01 m. Moreover,
experiments using the RAVEN UAV, designed to endure the challenging
weather conditions of offshore scenarios, demonstrated that the
autonomous landing technology proposed in this work achieved an accuracy
up to 0.1 m. This research also presents the first successful autonomous
operation of a UAV in a commercial offshore wind farm with floating
foundations installed in the Atlantic Ocean. These experiments showcased
the system’s accuracy, resilience and robustness, resulting in a precise
landing technology that extends mission capabilities of UAVs, enabling
autonomous and Beyond Visual Line of Sight offshore operations.
HOSPITALS OR PALESTRAE? STUDY ON CYPRUS REALITY
Authors: Neokleous Nikolaos , Socratous Michalis
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Hospitals as well as other Health Organizations
are stressful work environments with a heavy workload. This is the main
reason why conflicts between the workers come to fruition in this
environment. Employees express their dissatisfaction with the
confrontational environment, their harmonious cooperation is disturbed,
which ultimately has a negative impact on the provision and degree of
quality of health care. Purpose: The purpose of this study is
to investigate the management of conflicts between medical staff in
state hospitals. It was examined which individuals’ doctors usually
argue with, how and why do they react to the conflict, what are the main
causes of conflicts and how they are resolved. It will be examined also
whether or not there are any differences between hospitals or between
medical specialties or between professional levels.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out at
February 2023 among the members of State Health Services Organization
and Pancyprian Union of Government Physicians. A single two-part
questionnaire was used for sampling. The first part consists of
demographic and professional characteristics of the participants medical
workers and the second part deals with the management of conflicts. The
analysis of the data was done using the statistical package IBM SPSS
Statistics version 29.0.0.0 (241). Statistical significance was defined
as p<0.05. Results: The survey involved 103 people,
the majority were men (53.4%), with more than 15 years of work
experience (43.7%) and with open-ended job position (55.3%). 79.6% of
the sample was found to be likely to collide with a colleague, 52.3%
with a doctor of the same specialty and 23.3% with the same and another
specialty, of the same and another hospital. As a way to react to the
conflict, 31.1% chose to collaborate and only 4 people to use mediator,
of which 75% said that for mediation they would choose their
supervisor. Conclusions: The development of an environment of
justice and cooperation in the health areas is necessary and presupposes
the optimal settlement of conflicts. In a working environment such as
that of hospitals, it is necessary to transmit the culture of team
spirit and cooperation. Thus, managers play a primary role through their
attitude and their actions. Educational actions should therefore be
organised regarding the improvement of communication, the expansion of
emotional intelligence and conflict management techniques.
Clinical and epidemiological analysis of intestinal infections in a children's infectious diseases hospital, experience in using the PEWS scale
Authors: Dyagileva A. Y. , Solodovnikova O. N. , Pylaeva S. K. , Kiseleva K. A. , Erovichenkov A. A. , Troshchansky D. V. , Tyurin I. N. , Protsenko D. N. , Shamsheva O. V.
Published: June 2024

Purpose of the work: to conduct a clinical-epidemiological analysis of intestinal infections in a pediatric infectious diseases hospital and the effectiveness of the PEWS scale.

Materials and methods: a retrospective study was conducted at the Moscow City Clinical Hospital «Communarka» and City Clinical Hospital No. 1 in the pediatric infectious disease departments from June 1, 2023, to August 31, 2023. Laboratory, clinical, and anamnestic data were obtained from the medical information system «EMIAS» and the laboratory information system (LIS) «ALISA». The study analyzed 838 medical records of children with acute respiratory infections.

Results: when conducting a statistical analysis of indicators in two groups (group 1 — PEWS ≥ 3 points, recorded at least once during the entire period of hospitalization, group 2 — PEWS from 1 to 2 points, recorded at least once during hospitalization period) no significant differences were observed in terms of etiology, age, day of illness, blood test results, and length of hospital stay. All patients had a moderate form of acute respiratory infection, however, patients with PEWS ≥ 3 points required increased attention from medical staff and had a higher risk of deterioration without additional medical intervention, with the most significant risk in predicting deterioration being related to changes in the cardiovascular system. All children were discharged home in satisfactory condition with PEWS = 0.

Conclusion: In our conducted research, for the first time in the Russian Federation, the experience of using the PEWS scale in pediatric practice for patients with gastrointestinal infections was applied with the aim of early detection of the risk of clinical deterioration. It can be assumed that the most significant risk in predicting deterioration in the condition of a child with acute gastrointestinal infection, as well as with acute respiratory infection, is predominantly due to disturbances in the cardiovascular system.
Developmental morphological characteristics of sympathetic ganglia in premature infants
Authors: Dashichev K. V. , Olendar N. V. , Sitnikova E. P. , Uspenskaya T. L. , Kulibina O. V.
Published: June 2024

The results of morphological and clinical-functional studies of the central and peripheral departments of the sympathoadrenal systems of premature newborns are presented. According to the morphometry of deceased newborns, along with pronounced immaturity, a stably reduced number of neurocytes of the cervical-thoracic (stellate) ganglia of the sympathetic chain of premature infants was found, which can limit the level of their motor activity for a long time. Low activity of sub-cortical sympathoadrenal systems, due to antenatal inhibition under the influence of a number of factors, may be the cause of the syndrome of general depression of the central nervous system in premature infants.
A clinical case of early congenital syphilis
Authors: Khokhlova A. P. , Komarova A. A. , Sarkisyan H. A. , Zhuravleva I. V. , Mironova V. A. , Zizyukina K. S. , Zhirkova Y. V. , Makarova L. M. , Ovsyannikova M. A. , Belaya A. L. , Shumilov P. V.
Published: June 2024

Congenital syphilis results from vertical transmission of Treponema pallidum to the fetus from an infected mother who was not treated before 32 weeks of gestation. Thanks to the development of obstetric and gynecological services, incidence rates of congenital syphilis are decreasing annually, even against the background of an increase in cases of acquired syphilis among the adult population. Depending on the time of manifestation, early (onset before 2 years) and late (onset after 2 years) congenital syphilis are distinguished. The clinical picture of both congenital and acquired syphilis has wide variability and requires careful differential diagnosis with other diseases of infectious and non-infectious nature. The relatively rare frequency of occurrence and the polymorphism of clinical manifestations reduce the alertness of clinicians regarding this disease. Diagnosis is not difficult provided that a correct history is taken and direct (identification of the pathogen itself) and indirect (serological reactions) laboratory tests are carried out. However, the erased course with a small number of clinical manifestations may delay the early detection of the disease. Syphilitic infection in both mother and child is traditionally treated with beta-lactam antibiotics. The prognosis for life and health is individual in each case and depends on concomitant conditions. This article presents a clinical case of early congenital syphilis in a child whose mother was not observed in the antenatal clinic during pregnancy and was infected with Treponema pallidum in the II—III trimesters. Attention is focused on the importance of a thorough history taking even in the presence of non-specific symptoms.
Cervical cancer in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia, 2016-2021
Authors: Ljubicic Stefan , Strbac Mirjana , Nikolic Natasa , Susnjevic Sonja , Dugandzija Tihomir , Petrovic Vladimir , Ristic Mioljub
Published: June 2024

Background: Cervical cancer is a major global health problem, and one of the most common causes of cancer in women. This descriptive epidemiological study aimed to provide an overview of the cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Vojvodina. Methods: The data from the Serbian Cancer Registry regarding the cervical cancer incidence and mortality for the period 2016?2021 were analyzed. Results: During the observed 6-year period, the average age-standardized incidence rates of cervical cancer in Vojvodina and Serbia were 20.4 and 19.1 per 100,000 women, respectively. The average age-standardized incidence rates by the district of Vojvodina ranged from 16.8 to 30.2/100,000. The average age-standardized cervical cancer mortality rate in Vojvodina and Serbia was 7.0 and 6.6/100,000, respectively. The average mortality rates by the district of Vojvodina ranged between 5.6/100,000 and 9.9/100,000. Conclusion: The cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates in Vojvodina exhibited significant variation across different districts and observed years, with their average values surpassing the national average. To improve the epidemiological situation of cervical cancer in Vojvodina, it is imperative to enhance the implementation of organized screening at the district level, coupled with intensified efforts to promote HPV vaccination throughout Vojvodina. Additionally, more research on screening coverage and vaccination rates and improved reporting cervical cancer cases and deaths are needed.