bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SINTESIS NANOPARTIKEL PERAK (NPAg) DENGAN BIOREDUKTOR EKSTRAK BIJI JARAK PAGAR DAN KAJIAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERINYA
Authors:   Program Studi Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, Jember, Nalawati Ara Nugrahayu , Suyatma Nugraha Edhi ,   Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, IPB University, Bogor, Wardhana Danu Indra ,   Program Studi Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, Jember
Published: February 2022

The redox analysis as indicated by a change in color from yellow to reddish-brown was measured at the optimum wavelength of 405 nm with the highest redox result of 480 nm obtained in the NPAg-S sample. The optimal absorption wavelength changes according to the characteristics of the NPAg produced, but is generally in the range of 400-500 nm. Analysis of the active groups with the FTIR instrument showed active groups (OH, CH aldehyde, vibrations of CN bonds in the amine group, amide I groups from proteins, and CO double bonds in the 4000-1500 cm-1) zone. Additionally, in the identification zone 1500-600 cm-1 the formation of CN bond vibrations and the presence of an amide I group from the protein was found. Photographs at 10.000 and 15.000x magnification showed that the morphology of the distribution of NPAg in the jatropha seed extract solution was polydisperse and in the form of fibrous balls with non-uniform particles and tended to agglomerate. The distribution and size of the particles measured using the Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) instrument showed that the particle size ranged from 33-116 nm. NPAg-S samples at two concentrations (1 and 2%) showed inhibitory activity for all types of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Analysis of the particle size distribution using PSA showed that the particle size of the NPAg-S sample was 33.8 nm, which was smaller than the NPAg-K sample of 44.8 nm. Antibacterial activity is strongly influenced by the particle size of a sample. Small size silver nanoparticles have a large surface area to interact with bacteria as compared to large silver nanoparticles, thus they can provide a greater antibacterial effect.
An Interdisciplinary Concept of Activity
Authors: Blunden Andy
Published: February 2022

It is suggested that if Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) is to fulfil its potential as an approach to cultural and historical science in general, then an interdisciplinary concept of activity is needed. Such a concept of activity would provide a common foundation for all the human sciences, underpinning concepts of, for example, state and social movement equally as, for example, learning and personality. For this is needed a clear conception of the ‘unit of analysis’ of activity, i.e., of what constitutes ‘an activity’, and a clear distinction between the unit of analysis and the substance, i.e., ultimate reality underlying all the human sciences: artifact-mediated joint activity. It is claimed that the concept of ‘project collaboration’ – the interaction between two or more persons in pursuit of a common objective – forms such a unit of activity, the single ‘molecule’ in terms of which both sociological and psychological phenomena can be theorised. It is suggested that such a clarification of the notion of activity allows us to see how individual actions and societal activities mutually constitute one another and are each construed in the light of the other.
Wild Objectification: Social Work as Object
Authors: Nissen Morten
Published: February 2022

The paper is about objectification in and of social work. Drawing on a decade-long cooperation with a Copenhagen social workers network focused in the organization Wild Learning, and starting from an Internet essay this organization has provided, the problems with objectifying social work are discussed. Viewed as basically a wholistic subjectification, social work cannot easily be endowed with objectivity in the form of scientific standards, and the objects representing it are often like novels, uniqueness mass-produced; they can be said to ideologically confirm rather than scientifically model its activities and communities. The approach to objectification must dig a level deeper. It is considered how objectifications in social work – and the Internet essay is taken as example – can be approached critically as ideological objectifications and at the same time, in the cultural-historical tradition, as prototypes with some scope of relevance.
Marxist and non-Marxist aspects of the cultural-historical psychology of L.S. Vygotsky
Authors: Veresov Nikolai
Published: February 2022

It was not only Marxism which influenced Vygotsky. He was a child of the Silver Age of Russian culture and philosophy and the influence of this should not be underestimated. Some traits in Vygotsky’s theory, traditionally considered as Marxist – such as the concept of the social origins of mind or sign as psychological tool have deeper and wider roots in works of Shpet, Blonsky, Sorokin and Meierhold. As for Marxism as such, it must be mentioned that during all three periods of his creative evolution Vygotsky had different approaches to what was true Marxist psychology and how it should be built. These are items this paper is focused on.
Low-noise microwave generation based on optical-microwave synchronization
Authors: Wang Kai , Lin Bai-Ke , Song You-Jian , Meng Fei , Lin Yi-Ge , Cao Shi-Ying , Hu Ming-Lie , Fang Zhan-Jun ,   Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China,   Laboratory of Optical Frequency Standard, Time and Frequency Metrology Division, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
Published: February 2022

Low-noise microwave signals are of vital importance in fields such as cold atomic optical clocks, photon radars, and remote synchronization at large facilities. Here, we report a compact all-optical-fiber method to generate a low noise microwave signal, in which the fiber loop optical-microwave phase detector is used to coherently transfer the frequency stability of the ultra-stable laser to the microwave. Combining a narrow linewidth optical frequency comb and a fiber loop optical-microwave phase discriminator, a tight phase-lock between 7 GHz dielectric oscillator and optical frequency comb is achieved, the remaining phase noise of the synchronized optical pulse sequence and the microwave signal is –100 dBc/Hz@1 Hz, and the timing jitter is 8.6 fs (1 Hz—1.5 MHz); by building two sets of low-noise microwave generation systems, the measured residual phase noise of the 7 GHz microwave is –90 dBc/Hz@1 Hz, and the corresponding frequency stability is 4.8 × 10–15@1 s. These results provide a novel idea for generating the low-noise microwaves based on optical coherent frequency division.
A vibrissa pathway that activates the limbic system
Authors: Elbaz Michaël , Callado Perez Amalia , Demers Maxime , Zhao Shengli , Foo Conrad , Kleinfeld David , Deschenes Martin
Published: February 2022

Vibrissa sensory inputs play a central role in driving rodent behavior. These inputs transit through the sensory trigeminal nuclei, which give rise to the ascending lemniscal and paralemniscal pathways. While lemniscal projections are somatotopically mapped from brainstem to cortex, those of the paralemniscal pathway are more widely distributed. Yet the extent and topography of paralemniscal projections are unknown, along with the potential role of these projections in controlling behavior. Here, we used viral tracers to map paralemniscal projections. We find that this pathway broadcasts vibrissa-based sensory signals to brainstem regions that are involved in the regulation of autonomic functions and to forebrain regions that are involved in the expression of emotional reactions. We further provide evidence that GABAergic cells of the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus gate trigeminal sensory input in the paralemniscal pathway via a mechanism of presynaptic or extrasynaptic inhibition.
Three-dimensional multi-site random access photostimulation (3D-MAP)
Authors: Xue Yi , Waller Laura , Adesnik Hillel , Pégard Nicolas
Published: February 2022

Optical control of neural ensemble activity is crucial for understanding brain function and disease, yet no technology can achieve optogenetic control of very large numbers of neurons at an extremely fast rate over a large volume. State-of-the-art multiphoton holographic optogenetics requires high-power illumination that only addresses relatively small populations of neurons in parallel. Conversely, one-photon holographic techniques can stimulate more neurons with two to three orders lower power, but with limited resolution or addressable volume. Perhaps most problematically, two-photon holographic optogenetic systems are extremely expensive and sophisticated which has precluded their broader adoption in the neuroscience community. To address this technical gap, we introduce a new one-photon light sculpting technique, three-dimensional multi-site random access photostimulation (3D-MAP), that overcomes these limitations by modulating light dynamically, both in the spatial and in the angular domain at multi-kHz rates. We use 3D-MAP to interrogate neural circuits in 3D and demonstrate simultaneous photostimulation and imaging of dozens of user-selected neurons in the intact mouse brain in vivo with high spatio-temporal resolution. 3D-MAP can be broadly adopted for high-throughput all-optical interrogation of brain circuits owing to its powerful combination of scale, speed, simplicity, and cost.
Proximate Composition of Some Selected Legumes and Quality Attributes of Oils Extracted from Soybean, Oil Bean and Groundnut Seeds
Authors: Okereke Goodluck Obioma , Banigo E. O. I.
Published: February 2022

Oil contents through analysis of proximate composition of the seeds of six legumes were investigated in order to assess the quality attributes of some of their oils. These legumes were cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), bambara groundnut (Voandzeia subteranea), yam bean (Sphenoostylis stenocarpa), oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla), soybean (Glycine max) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) seeds. The oil yields ranged from 2.5% in cowpea to 40.3% in groundnut seeds. Crude protein contents ranged from 20.86% in bambara groundnut seeds to 43.02% in soybean seeds indicating they are good sources of protein. Cowpea seeds had highest content (57.76%) in carbohydrate, followed by yam bean (56.54%) and bambara groundnut (51.64%), while oil bean had the lowest value of 6.92%. The physicochemical properties of the oils from soybean, oil bean and groundnut seeds were further examined since their oil yields were above 10.00%. Seventy grams of oil in each case were extracted from these legumes for these analyses. The specific gravity ranged from 0.910 in oil bean oil to 0.917 in soybean oil. Oil bean oil, with highest values in moisture content (0.75 %) and peroxide value (21.2 mg/g oil) had highest saponification number of 306.86 mg/g oil while soybean oil with lowest values both in moisture content (0.43 %) and peroxide value (9.80 mg/g oil) had the lowest saponification number of 187.94 mg/g oil. Free fatty acid ranged from 0.17 in soybean oil to 0.48 in groundnut oil. Iodine value was highest (98.22 mg/100g) in soybean oil, followed by oil bean oil (98.22 mg/100g) and was lowest (93.40 mg/100g) in groundnut oil. These results obtained highlighted the potentials of these three oils in the manufacture of soaps, cosmetics, paints, confectioneries, margarines and edible oils. The results also maintained that soybean oil exhibited the best physicochemical properties amongst them and thus could be used better as edible oil and for industrial applications.
Relational Analysis between Profile of Kisan Credit Card Scheme Beneficiary Farmers and Impact of Kisan Credit Card Scheme
Authors: Nigade D. D. , Deshmukh P. R. , Kamble V. B.
Published: February 2022

The present investigation was conducted in Latur and Osmanabad district of the Marathwada region during the year 2020 and 2021 which was selected purposively on the basis of maximum number of Kisan Credit Card Scheme beneficiary farmers. Ex-post-facto research design was adopted in this study. The data were collected with the help of pretested interview schedule from the respondents and analysed by using Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, multiple regression analysis and Path analysis. It was observed from correlation analysis that education, annual income, occupation, land holding, social participation and extension contact were positively and significantly related with the impact of KCC Scheme while sources of information, economic motivation, risk orientation and knowledge were positive and highly significant relationship with the impact of KCC Scheme. The variable namely age, size of family and type of family were non-significant with the impact of KCC Scheme. It was observed from multiple regression analysis that co-efficient of determination (R2) of the independent variables was 0.778. The value of ‘t’ showed that impact of KCC Scheme was significantly related with education, annual income, occupation, land holding, extension contact, sources of information, economic motivation, risk orientation and knowledge. In relation to path analysis, it was observed that, sources of information, extension contact, education, knowledge, land holding, annual income, social participation, age, occupation and risk orientation were important variables in absence of which independent variables are not able to influence the impact of KCC Scheme on its beneficiaries.
Influence of Chromium Stress on Chlorophyll Content, Polyphenol Oxidase and Peroxidase Activity in Horse Gram (Dolichos biflorus L)
Authors: Jagpal K. , Singisala Nageswara Rao
Published: February 2022

The presence of heavy metals in solid and liquid wastes is a significant issue in terms of the environment degradation. These are one of the most serious environmental pollutants, and reaching dangerous levels will need more investigation. Chromium, in particular, has become a global environmental problem among heavy metals. This research looked at the effects of Cr207 stress on Dolichos biflorus L., a kind of horse grain that plays an essential role in Indian agriculture. D. biflorus seeds were cultivated in the dark under laboratory conditions with a Sodium chromate concentration of (0-3.0mg/L). The control treatment was distilled water. Seven-day-old seedlings were utilized to study the effects of chromate stress on peroxidase activity and chlorophyll content. The findings showed that when the quantity of Sodium chromate increased, the chlorophyll content of D. biflorus seedlings increased considerably (p 0.9). Increased polyphenyloxiase and peroxidase activity indicated the appearance of a scavenging mechanism in plants under heavy metal stress, whereas increased peroxidase quantity indicated the generation of free radicals. The drop in chlorophyll concentration indicates that the plants' development has slowed, resulting in a fall in production.
Slope Aspects and Elevation Influenced Herbaceous Diversity and Soil Characteristics in Tropical Forests of Indian Desert
Authors: Mishra Deepak , Singh Genda
Published: February 2022

Aim: Understanding the interactive effects of aspects and elevation on soil properties and vegetation diversity in hill forests of the desert environment is essential for devising strategies to restore such degraded hills.

Place and Duration: Observations were recorded from September to October months of both 2017 and 2018 in a hill forest area in Thar Desert of Rajasthan, India.

Methodology: Three-hundred-twenty plots of 1 m2 (clustered at sixty-four positions based on eight slope aspects and eight elevations) were studied for herbaceous diversity and soil properties by sorting vegetation to species level and soil sampling in each plot. Community population (P), height, soil water content (SWC), pH and organic carbon (SOC) were measured and species-richness (R), Shannon-Weiner diversity (Hꞌ), dominance (D) and evenness (J') were calculated.

Results: Out of 174 species recorded from 34 families and 122 genera, 163 species showed IVI <5. Highest number of species (48) were from family Poaceae. Soil pH, SWC, SOC, P and height were greater in 2017, whereas R, Hꞌ and Jꞌ were greater in 2018. Soil pH, vegetation height and D were lowest in northeast and highest (1.04-1.54-fold) in west to southeast. SOC, SWC, R and J' were 1.16-2.35-fold greater in northeast than south aspect. P, height and H′ showed a reverse trend with 1.15-1.53-fold variation. SOC, height, R and H' increased by 1.30-2.35-fold with an increase in elevation from <230m to >600m, whereas D and pH showed a decreasing trend. The highest values of SWC, P and Jꞌ were in 800-900m, 700-800m and 600-700m respectively. Though varied with aspects, <230m area was dominated by xeric species, middle by Aristida adscensionis and higher ones by Apluda mutica/Heteropogon contortus.

Conclusion: Altitude had stronger impact on all variables except SWC, which was influenced strongly by aspects making southern slopes drier than the northern slopes and influenced species structure and composition. Such areas require effective conservation, but aspect and elevation should be given due importance in devising restoration strategies for efficient management of biodiversity and mitigating climate change.
Response of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Containing Pseudomonas fluorescens for Rhizobial Population and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Jakhar S. R. , Mitra N. G. , Baghel S. S. , Sahu R. K. , Yadav T. C. , Yaduwanshi B.
Published: February 2022

Pseudomonas (P) fluorescens promote plant growth by lowering the endogenous ethylene synthesis in the roots through their 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylate-deaminase (ACCD) activity. However, in the environs of the roots may decrease the efficiency of these P. fluorescens by stimulating ACC- oxidase activity resulting in greater ethylene production by the roots. So this study was designed to assess the performance of P. fluorescens containing ACC-deaminase for improving rhizobial population and yield of maize. The results revealed that the rhizobial population, irrespective of treatments, was maximum at 55 days after sowing followed by a reduction at harvest. The treatment T28+pH 7.2 (Temperature 28°C + pH 7.2) enhanced the maximum population of P. fluorescens in rhizoshpere at 35, 55 and 75 days after sowing (DAS) was with 1.69, 1.59 and 1.87 log fold increase over fertilized un-inoculated FUI [(3.7089 log cfu/g = 5.80 x103 cfu g-1 soil), (5.8673 log cfu/g = (7.53x105 cfu g-1 soil) and (4.676 log cfu/g 5.55x104 cfu g-1 soil)]. Similar treatment T28+pH 7.2 recorded maximum number of cob plant-1, cob length-1, number of grains line-1 and number of grains cob-1 at harvest were with T28+pH 7.2 by 30.6, 32.1, 29.7 and 37.7% over the control FUI (2.1, 15.2 cm, 35.0 and 503), respectively. While the treatment T31+pH 7.2 (Temperature 31°C + pH 7.2) enhanced the cob girth and maximum grains line cob-1 at harvest were with 26.0 and 31.3% response over FUI (13.3 cm cob-1 and 13.9), respectively. The treatment T28+pH 7.2 significantly increased the seed and stover yields of maize by 24.9 and 31.6% over the control (2914 and 7133 kg ha-1), respectively.
A Case Report on Cesarean Section under Spinal Anesthesia in a Patient of Takayasu’s Arteritis
Authors: S. Krishnendu , Chandak Aruna , Chandak Vijay , Dongre Parag
Published: February 2022

Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammatory illness of the major arteries that is extremely rare. It mainly affects women of reproductive age which increases the risk of cardiovascular problems such hypertension and congestive heart failure. In this study, we discuss the case of a pregnant woman with TA who was diagnosed and managed successfully at a tertiary care facility with a good outcome. As a result, comprehensive care for TA patients has been shown to be critical in achieving optimal maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes.
Effects of Tolterodine on Depression, Anxiety, Learning and Memory in Mice
Authors: Tanyeri Mehmet Hanifi , Buyukokuroglu Mehmet Emin , Tanyeri Pelin , Mutlu Oguz , Kaya Rumeysa Keles , Ozturk Aykut , Bozkurt Şeyma Nur Basarir , Ormanci Dilara
Published: February 2022

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) is characterized by urinary symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, urinary incontinence, and nocturia. Tolterodine is a drug specially developed for the treatment of overactive bladder. The aim of present study is to evaluate the effects of tolterodine on depression, anxiety, learning and memory to understand if tolterodine may be effective in OAB caused mood and cognitive disorders.

Methodology:

Study Design: All the drugs were given intraperitoneally (i.p.), 30 min before the experiment. Here, we investigated the effects of tolterodine (0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg) on depression, anxiety, learning and memory by using forced swimming test, elevated plus maze test, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze, respectively in mice. Locomotor activity was evaluated by open field test.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Department of Urology, Sakarya University, Animal Research Center, between August 2019 and September 2020.

Results: All doses of tolterodine dose-dependently reduced immobility time, compared to saline group. Tolterodine (1, 3 mg/kg) prolonged the time spent in open arms compared to saline group. Tolterodine (3 mg/kg) significantly increased the number of entries into the open arms. Tolterodine had no effect on learning and memory performance of normal mice; however, tolterodine (3 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated learning and memory disruption induced by scopolamine.

Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that tolterodine prevented experimentally induced depression and anxiety, improved memory and learning of naive animals, and reversed memory and learning impairment with scopolamine. Further preclinical and clinical studies with tolterodine should be done to support all these hypothesis and patients with OAB who need antidepressant and anxiolytic therapy may be treated with single drug instead of more than one drug in the future.
Recent Trends in the Therapeutic Approach of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shelke Aditi , Zilate Sarju
Published: February 2022

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic condition that causes blood glucose levels to rise. (hyperglycemia). Type 2 diabetes mellitus, often known as NIDDM (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), is a disease in which cells do not adequately utilize insulin. Adult-onset diabetes is another name for it. It has become a significant health concern worldwide, but thanks to advancements in the medical sector and growing developments in treatment, diabetes may now be managed. The progress and treatment of diabetes mellitus help lower the health risks and complications associated with the disease. It is vital to undertake lifestyle modifications and therapy to ensure long-term diabetes control. Sulphonyl ureas, biguanides, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are among the latest medications to prevent blood glucose levels from rising too high. Patients who do not react to a single pharmacological therapy are given dual drug regimens. Nanotechnology, microtechnology, and statin therapy are some of the more recent treatments commonly employed to treat Diabetes Mellitus. This article examines the most recent trends or the advancements in therapeutic approaches for type 2 diabetes, focusing on progress over the last 10-15 years. This study aims to find out about the latest developments in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus examine the merits and drawbacks of each option for DM management, and find a better cure for the disease. It will help decrease the mortality rate due to the growing rise of diabetes mellitus.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Annona Squamosa Linn. (AS) Leaves on Isoniazid & Rifampin Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Derangula Samba Siva Raju , Muthiah N. S. , Somashekar H. S. , Sukumar E. , Prabhu K.
Published: February 2022

The goal of this investigation was to examine if an ethanolic extract of Annona squamosa has any hepatoprotective benefits in rats suffering from isoniazid-rifampin induced hepatotoxicity.

Methodology: The rats were separated in five groups (n=6): group 1, a control; group 2 administered isoniazid (100 mg/kg, I.P.) & rifampin (100 mg/kg, I.P.) in sterile water; group 3 as a control & traditional silymarin, 2.5 mg/kg, B.W., P.O.; groups 4 & 5 are treated & received 200 & 400 mg/kg, B.W., P.O., ethanolic extract of AS. All of the treatment procedures were monitored for a total of 21 days after the rats were slaughtered & Biochemical & histological investigations were performed on the blood & liver respectively.

Results: Rats (Group - 2) treated with Rifampin (RIF) & Isoniazid (INH) elevated their blood Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transferase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) & Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels during a variety of ways. The consumption of ethanolic extracts of Annona squamosa considerably reduced Rifampin & Isoniazid induced elevations in serum diagnostic liver marker enzymes. SGOT, SGPT & ALP are the three involved enzymes. Furthermore, the medical care groups had significantly larger total macromolecule & total albumen levels. The extract result was compared thereto of Silymarin, a standard medication. The histological profile backed up the changes in biochemical markers. An ethanolic extract of Annona squamosa has been discovered to protect rats from oxidative liver injury caused by rifampin & isoniazid.

Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of AS protects rats from isoniazid & rifampin induced oxidative liver injury.
Exfoliative Cytology- Need of the Hour
Authors: Hirani Bhavana , Paul Priyanka
Published: February 2022

Oral cancer is becoming more common over the world. Oral cancer patients have a low survival rate when compared to other types of cancer. This is primarily due to a delay in diagnosis, which causes tumour metastasis and, as a result, secondary cancers. Diagnosing oral precancer or oral cancer, especially when the disease is in its early stages, is extremely difficult and crucial for the dental profession. Early detection and treatment planning for patients with oral cancer rely heavily on early screening and improved diagnostic tools. The analysis in microscope of exfoliated cells from surface of epithelium is known as oral exfoliative cytology (OEC). It is an easy, non-intrusive, and sensitive technique of staining that is utilised as an alternative to biopsy or when biopsy is not possible, also for mass screening [1].

Cytopathology is a technique for examining diseases that affect a wide range of bodily sites, and it is frequently used to aid in the diagnosis of cancer, as well as some viral diseases and other inflammatory ailments. The Pap smear, for example, is a typical cytopathology application                    that is used to detect precancerous cervical lesions that may lead to cervical cancer. This approach is only used to analyse surface cells and must be confirmed with additional cytological investigation. Smears can be taken from the buccal mucosa, the dorsum of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, the hard and soft palate junction, and the lower labial region. Because the materials are smeared across a glass microscope slide for staining and microscopic analysis, cytopathologic tests are also known as smear tests. They help in prevention of the disease from turning into severe one.
Effects of Sleep Deprivation on the Students of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai
Authors: Panigrahi Chandan , Jothipriya A. , Devi R. Gayatri
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Adequate sleep plays a vital role in optimizing, stabilizing, and enhancing memory, cognition, attention, and attention to things, instances, situations that a person may come across on a day-to-day basis. Consequently, a lack of proper sleep can lead to the absence of the information qualities of an individual.

Aim: To study the effects of Sleep Deprivation among the students of Saveetha Dental College, Chennai.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a questionnaire-based survey, which was activated among the students ranging from the first year to the fourth year of dentistry. The survey contains questions concerning the sleep timing of individuals and accessory methods that may or may not be used to battle insomnia in students.

Results: The results from the survey shows a majority of the people did not have any previously diagnosed medical ailments (60%), and did not use any pharmacological aids to combat sleep-related issues (36%). A p-value of 0.03 showed statistical significance.

Conclusion: The results concluded that sleep deprivation did hamper the overall quality of life and academic performance of individuals. It can be said that sleep is an essential factor to determine the quality of overall life an individual leads.
Induction of Bax and Activation of Caspases by Hydro Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Citrullus colocynthis (L)-mediated Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cell Line (MCF-7)
Authors: Bharath R. , Priya A. Jothi , Jayaraman Selvaraj , Devi R. Gayatri
Published: February 2022

Cancer is the most deadly disease that causes death among the world. It is caused by genome and epigenome abnormalities. Herbal plants are used for treatment of cancer. Citrullus colocynthis is valuable medicinal plants used for treatment of cancer. The plant as antidiabetic, anticancer activity, and antioxidant activity.The aim of the study is to find induction of bax and activation of caspases by hydro ethanolic leaf extract of Citrullus colocynthis (L)-in Human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Materials and methods, Human breast cancer cell was purchased from the national centre for cell sciences. Cell line and cell culture were performed and cell viability was done by MTT assay. Total RNA isolation, cDNA conversion and gene expression analysis by real time PCR. This study clearly indicates that plant extract has a significant role in modulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling in human breast cancer cells which might be due to the presence of cucurbitacin present in Citrullus colocynthis. It is conducted that Citrullus colocynthis extract inhibits the growth of the human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) by regulating the expression of pro apoptotic (Bax) and caspases -3 genes. Hence Citrullus colocynthis may be served as a potential drug for treatment of human breast cancer cells.
Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Breast and Leukemoid Reaction in an Immunocompetent Female: An Unforeseen Misadventure of LONG COVID Syndrome?
Authors: Popat Nidhi , Kale Swarali , Talwar Dhruv , Verma Vinay , Kumar Sunil , Shukla Samarth , Vagha Sunita
Published: February 2022

Necrotizing fasciitis is infrequently encountered but highly fatal group of infections. It is a infection of any of the three layers of soft tissue compartments which includes the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, superficial fascia,deep fascia or the muscle along with necrotising changes. During the initial stages it might be tricky to differentiate cellulitis and other infections of the superficial skin from necrotising fasciitis leading to an delay in the diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and management can reduce mortality .This case report highlights a previously unreported presentation of necrotising fasciitis of breast in the form of leukemoid reaction encountered in the rural central India following COVID-19 infection.
Phytochemical and Biological Activities of the Genus Terminalia, Emphasizing on Terminalia paniculata L.: A Review
Authors: Valsa Sai Manohar , Parimala K. , Revathi K. , Komali G.
Published: February 2022

Terminalia is the second major genus belonging of family Combretaceae. Species from this genus have been used in outmoded popular medicine globally. But then, a little study was stated on Terminalia paniculata L. (TP). This is a complete literature review of various Terminalia plants highlighting on TP, about its biological and isolated constituents. The objective of this study is to fascinate the attention of unfamiliar activities of TP, thus conducive to the growth of novel therapeutics which might benefit health of individuals suffering from illnesses. Existing data on Terminalia was sourced from electronic databases like Scopus, Goggle Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Chemical Abstract earth and Springer Link. Plant based studies have led to extraction of various categories of phytochemicals like, tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenes, triterpenoid glycosides, lignan and ligan derivatives in Terminalia plants. Extracts and their isolated constituents of various Terminalia plants reported a good spectrum of activities. TP consist of polyphenols such as ellagic acid, 3,3’-di-O-methyyl ellagic acid and 3,4,3’-O-trimethyl flavellagic acid. Studies on Terminalia genus has opened a diverse active chemical component. Many biochemical potentials have authenticated use of Terminalia in therapy of different ailments in plant-based medicine. Future studies desired to discover bioactive constituents’ accountable pharmacological mechanisms. Terminalia paniculata is a tree native to southwest India (including the Western Ghats and Karnataka). Known in the timber trade as kindal. Though it has been used in the ancient system of medicine for menstrual problems, cough, bronchitis, cardiac debility, hepatitis, diabetes and in obesity, very little literature support is available on these biological activities, except for its few like acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activity. This review is an attempt to emphasize on the phytochemical and biological activities of terminalia genus and the species Terminalia paniculata.
Pertrochanteric Fracture Neck of the Femur Presenting as Avascular Necrosis with Gait Abnormality - A Case Report
Authors: Agrawal Vineesha , Phansopkar Pratik , Chitale Neha
Published: February 2022

The pertrochanteric femoral fracture is a highly common kind of femoral fracture. It is generally the consequence of a fall. A high-energy mechanism, such as a motor vehicle accident, is more likely to cause Pertrochanteric fractures in 16-30 year age group people. A 45year old man had a history of a bike crash that resulted in a pertrochanteric fracture of the right hip 2 years back, for which he was operated. The patient right now came to the AVBRH with the complaint of right hip discomfort and edema after surgery and was referred for physiotherapy. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a pathological condition that occurs when the blood supply to the bone is cut off, and it is a common consequence of fractures, dislocations, and other injuries and especially occurs in adult post road traffic accidents.
A Case Report on Hepatosplenomegaly and Cholelithiasis in a Case of Beta-thalassemia: Hb E Type
Authors: Kothe Amruta , Alnewar Pragati , Ankar Ruchira , Singh Seema
Published: February 2022

Beta thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder in which the body does not produce enough haemoglobin. It is a relatively uncommon condition. The association with beta-thalassemia is uncommon. An enlarged spleen in a child with beta-thalassemia can be caused by increased red blood cell destruction, the formation of blood cells outside of the bone marrow, repeated blood transfusions, or iron overload. We report a rare case of 17 years old patient admitted with multiple blood transfusions and pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccination done on 8th November 2021 and last blood transfusion on 13th November 2021. The patient was admitted to AVBR Hospital Sawangi (M) Wardha with the chief complaint of abdominal pain that has been constantly exacerbated by movement as well as in resting period over 7 days with the clinical findings of the backache and joint pain. He was having a continuous blood transfusion in the last 7 months. After the diagnostic investigation like ultrasonography and computed tomography, the client was diagnosed with hepatosplenomegaly and cholelithiasis. The physician is treating the child with continuous blood transfusion and with iron chelating therapy which would be beneficial to reduce the iron load. The patient has been planned for splenectomy, which was the long-lasting treating strategy for his clinical presentation.
Tailorable Polarization‐Dependent Directional Coupling of Surface Plasmons
Authors: Han Jie , Xu Yuehong , Zhang Huifang , Lang Yuanhao , Jiang Xiaohan , Chen Xieyu , Feng Xi , Niu Li , Li Yanfeng , Zhang Xueqian , Xu Quan , Li Quan , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili
Published: February 2022

Coupling free‐space light into surface plasmons (SPs) has traditionally faced challenges in arbitrarily controlling the directionality of the SPs with respect to the incident polarization. Recently reported polarization‐dependent directional coupling of SPs using metasurfaces has attracted enormous attention for its promise in developing innovative and on‐demand plasmonic devices. However, further progress has been hampered by the limitation in designating the directional coupling with tailorable polarization‐dependent feature and compatible ability to incidence of complex polarization distribution. Here, a directional coupling strategy is introduced to overcome these limits. It is demonstrated that, by utilizing the interference between two pairs of slit resonators with different resonance responses, the directional SP coupling can be expanded to arbitrary group of polarized incidence by simply varying their relative distance, and the SP coupling direction will reverse under the corresponding orthogonally polarized incidence without affecting the efficiency. To exhibit the versatile design capability of the strategy, it is further utilized to construct several polarization‐dependent plasmonic devices for controlling SP propagations, including two SP metalenses and a plasmonic Airy beam launcher, in which it is shown that the device can even be designed to work for non‐uniformly polarized incidence. The strategy paves a reliable route towards many practical on‐chip applications.
Piezoelectric Nanofiber Membrane for Reusable, Stable, and Highly Functional Face Mask Filter with Long‐Term Biodegradability
Authors: Le Thinh T. , Curry Eli J. , Vinikoor Tra , Das Ritopa , Liu Yang , Sheets Donal , Tran Khanh T. M. , Hawxhurst Christopher J. , Stevens James F. , Hancock Jason N. , Bilal Osama R. , Shor Leslie M. , Nguyen Thanh D.
Published: February 2022

The emergence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and airborne particulate matter (PM) pollution has led to remarkably high demand for face masks. However, conventional respirators are intended for single use and made from nondegradable materials, causing serious concern for a plastic‐waste environmental crisis. Furthermore, these facemasks are weakened in humid conditions and difficult to decontaminate. Herein, a reusable, self‐sustaining, highly effective, and humidity‐resistant air filtration membrane with excellent particle‐removal efficiency is reported, based on highly controllable and stable piezoelectric electrospun poly (l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers. The PLLA filter possesses a high filtration efficiency (>99% for PM 2.5 and >91% for PM 1.0) while providing a favorable pressure drop (≈91 Pa at normal breathing rate) for human breathing due to the piezoelectric charge naturally activated by respiration through the mask. The filter has a long, stable filtration performance and good humidity resistance, demonstrated by a minimal declination in the filtration performance of the nanofiber membrane after moisture exposure. The PLLA filter is reusable via common sterilization tools (i.e., an ultrasonic cleaning bath, autoclave, or microwave). Moreover, a prototype of a completely biodegradable PLLA nanofiber‐based facemask is fabricated and shown to decompose within 5 weeks in an accelerated degradation environment.
Gas‐Assisted Spray Coating of Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporating Sprayed Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Cassella Elena J. , Spooner Emma L. K. , Thornber Timothy , O'Kane Mary E. , Catley Thomas E. , Bishop James E. , Smith Joel A. , Game Onkar S. , Lidzey David G.
Published: February 2022

Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are becoming widely utilized as hole‐selective layers in high‐performance p‐i‐n architecture perovskite solar cells. Ultrasonic spray coating and airbrush coating are demonstrated here as effective methods to deposit MeO‐2PACz; a carbazole‐based SAM. Potential dewetting of hybrid perovskite precursor solutions from this layer is overcome using optimized solvent rinsing protocols. The use of air‐knife gas‐quenching is then explored to rapidly remove the volatile solvent from an MAPbI3 precursor film spray‐coated onto an MeO‐2PACz SAM, allowing fabrication of p‐i‐n devices with power conversion efficiencies in excess of 20%, with all other layers thermally evaporated. This combination of deposition techniques is consistent with a rapid, roll‐to‐roll manufacturing process for the fabrication of large‐area solar cells.
Self‐Assembled Protective Layer by Symmetric Ionic Liquid for Long‐Cycling Lithium–Metal Batteries
Authors: Jang Jinha , Shin Jae‐Sun , Ko Sunghyun , Park Hyunchang , Song Woo‐Jin , Park Chan Beum , Kang Jiheong
Published: February 2022

Modulating lithium metal deposition is vital for the realization of stable and energy‐dense Li–metal batteries. Ionic liquid (IL) has been regarded as a promising electrolyte additive for a uniform Li deposition because its cation moiety forms a lithiophobic protective layer on Li protuberant tips. Despite recent advances in ILs for Li metal batteries, rational designs for IL additives are still in their infancy, and further improvement is required. Here, a new class of self‐assembled protective layer based on the design of a new IL molecule enabling high‐performance Li–metal batteries is reported. For the first time, symmetric design of lithiophobic side chains is introduced to the IL cations. This symmetric design creates a self‐assembled lithiophobic protective layer on Li protuberant tips, resulting in the smooth deposition of Li. Thus, the symmetric IL enables stable cycling of Li–LiFePO4 and Li–LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) batteries with an average Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.8% over 600 cycles. In addition, the symmetric IL enables a practical thin Li (40 µm)‐NCM622 cell with an energy density of ≈658 Wh kg‐1 based on the cathode mass in a coin‐type battery. This work proposes a design protocol for IL‐based additives and provides a prospective way to highly efficient, long‐lasting Li–metal batteries.
Current Status and Challenges of Calcium Metal Batteries
Authors: Song Huawei , Wang Chengxin
Published: February 2022

Ca‐metal batteries, one of the promising advanced energy storage devices, have received significant development in the last few years. However, challenges still exist in efficient and cost‐effective Ca‐metal utilization, fast Ca‐ion transport and diffusion, and high energy density and stable‐cycling Ca‐storage. Herein, by cross‐checking most relevant literature reported previously, an intuitive depiction for state‐of‐the‐art Ca‐metal batteries, including collectors, electrolytes, and cathode materials, is presented from a voltage‐capacity‐efficiency's view, which facilitates reasonable comparisons from related fields. The performance of most cathode materials and calcium‐metal electrodes in various electrolytes reported previously is comprehensively reviewed, as well as interphases and collectors. The strong and weak points of various electrolytes are discussed, and relevant challenges are pointed out. Recent breakthroughs in electrolyte and interphase engineering are emphasized. Finally, potential development directions for Ca‐metal and electrolytes, as well as some future prospects for cathode materials, are rationally predicted.
Does winter cereal rye seeding rate, termination time, and N rate impact no‐till soybean?
Authors: Reed Heidi K. , Karsten Heather D.
Published: February 2022

Some farmers who use cover crops (CCs) have moved from CC preplant kill (PK) to delayed CC termination, called planting green (PG). We conducted a study to explore if soil conditions and crop production can be optimized by manipulating winter cereal rye (Secale cereal L.) seeding rate and spring N topdress rate for these two termination times. Treatments were arranged in a split‐split plot, randomized complete block design with four replications for three years at two Pennsylvania locations. Main plots were seeding rate (34, 67, and 134 kg ha−1, or 1x, 2x, and 4x, respectively), subplots were termination timing (PK and PG), and sub‐subplots were N rate (34 and 67 kg ha−1, or low and high, respectively). Planting green nearly doubled rye biomass at both sites, and at Landisville the high N rate accumulated 17% more biomass than the low N rate, while there was no biomass N rate effect in PK. Soil in PG was 7–15% drier at planting, up to 7% wetter later, and up to 0.9–1.3 °C cooler compared with PK at both sites. Soybean (Glycine max L.) yield was reduced by 3–4% when PG was paired with the high N rate across seeding rates at Rock Springs and with the 1x seeding rate at Landisville compared with other treatment combinations. Soybean population was not impacted by treatments. We conclude rye seeding and N topdress rates of 34 kg ha−1 in PG can maintain similar conditions and soybean yield equivalent to PK, thereby reducing seed and N costs.
Management practices effects on Zanthoxylum planispinum ‘dintanensis’ fruit quality
Authors: Yu Yanghua , Song Yanping , Li Yitong
Published: February 2022

In this work, field control experiments were conducted to clarify the effects of three management practices (dwarf and close planting + no sprinkling irrigation (A1), dwarf and close planting + sprinkling irrigation (A2), and natural growth (CK) on the quality of pericarp of Zanthoxylum planispinum ‘dintanensis’ in a plantation setting in a rocky desertification area of Central Guizhou Province. The results showed that the ash concentration of A2 was the highest (6.70% ± 0.42%), yet there was no significant difference from A1 (6.60% ± 0.14%) and CK (6.65% ± 0.64%), and methionine and cystine were not detected (detection limits were 13.90 and 43.60 mg kg–1, respectively). A2 management could significantly promote the concentration of amino acids (P < .05); vitamin C was not detected (detection limit was 0.20 mg kg–1), vitamin E ranked as A2 > A1 > CK, and β‐carotene ranked as A1 > A2 > CK. There were significant differences among management treatments; A1, A2, and CK had no significant effect on trace elements. In conclusion, dwarf and close planting + sprinkling irrigation is an ideal management practice improving the quality of dintanensis.