bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corruption Prevention in Educational Organization (Case Study: Siberian Federal University)
Authors: Damm Irina A.
Published: February 2020

In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on countering corruption, educational organisations are obliged to take measures to prevent corruption. At the same time, the content, forms, methods and subjects of organising anticorruption preventive work are questions that do not have a definite answer. Siberian Federal University implements a set of measures to prevent corruption based on its own scientific findings. Long-term preventive activity predetermined the institutionalisation of relations in corruption prevention at the University. Specialised structural units for corruption prevention, established under local regulatory acts in connection with the increasing complexity of the tasks and emerging needs, successfully operate. The corruption prevention programme annually adopted in Siberian Federal University lays out the specific features of the main directions of work. At the same time, one of the important areas implemented by the organisation is the anti-corruption enlightenment of students and employees, as well as ensuring the information transparency of corruption prevention. In the absence of a proper scientific and methodological basis for corruption prevention in educational institutions of higher education, the experience of Siberian Federal University may be useful for other educational organisations of various types
Mediolateral oblique projection in mammography: use of different angulation for patients with different thorax anatomies
Authors: Bedene Anja , Alukić Erna , Žibert Janez , Mekiš Nejc
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The literature describes that MLO projection is not done only with angulation of 45° but there is a wider span of angles that can be used. Therefore, we have investigated if the use of alternative angulation in mammographic imaging in relation to specific patient anatomies shows more breast tissue.

Methods: MLO mammograms form 491 patients that had a mammography imaging performed at alternative and basic angulation were included in the study. Angulation of 55° was performed when patient had small breasts and convex sternum. The angle of 35° was used for patients with large breasts and concave sternum as well as for patients with shorter thoraxes. Measurements assessed the width of the pectoral muscle, the retromammary part, and the inframammary part of the breast for both projections (alternative and basic).

Results: When comparing the angulations of 45° and 55°, all three measured widths were in favor of 55°: the pectoral muscle was on average wider by 4%, the basal part by 1.3%, and the inframammary part by 29%. When comparing angulations of 35° and 45°, at the angulation of 35°, the basal part was wider by 3.3% and inframammary part by 32.4%. There were no differences in the width of the pectoral muscle between mentioned angulations.

Conclusion: Based on our results, we recommend the use of a 55° angle as more appropriate for patients with longer thoraxes and small breasts and the use of a 35° angle for those with shorter thoraxes and large breasts.
Тезаурусный анализ и проблема атрибуции редакционных статей в «Гражданине» Достоевского (1873–1874)
Authors: Захаров Владимир Николаевич
Published: February 2020

В статье рассматривается роль индивидуального тезауруса Ф. М. Достоевского в формировании общего корпуса текстов и редактировании текстов разных авторов в еженедельнике «Гражданин» (1873–1874). Особенности редактирования Достоевского показаны в употреблении слова «стушеваться» в данном издании, что позволяет раскрыть специфику его работы с чужим текстом. Вмешательство в чужой текст было тотальной практикой Достоевского-редактора. Тезаурусный анализ является одним из методов в решении проблем атрибуции, средством описания авторских стилей.

В процессе редактирования чужих текстов Достоевский зачастую перекодировал их, переводил на свой понятийный язык, вводил их в свою концептосферу, повышая таким образом уровень постановки и осмысления текущих проблем бытия. В его тезаурусе актуальны категории, которые выражают сущность явлений, становятся онтологическими. Одна из них — понятие «народ» и его производные. Трактовка Достоевским концепта «народ» позволяет установить, в какой мере редактирование становилось авторством и соавторством или оставалось редакторской работой писателя.
The Use of the Bilateral Levitation of Transport Pods Relatively to the Arch Trestle
Authors: Sundukov Evgeny Yu. , Tarabukina Nadezhda A.
Published: February 2020

Background: The arch trestle allows using two working surfaces: internal (under the arch) and external (over the arch) which may be used for moving of the transport pods. Transport pods include magnetic field sources, and the trestle is equipped with a stator winding. The stator winding is subdivided into the accelerating winding and suspension and levitation winding. As an option, the winding providing levitation can be replaced with permanent magnets.
Aim: to show capacities of the arch trestle for transportation of passengers and goods.
Methods: patent search, modeling.
Results: simultaneous transportation of goods and passengers is possible both in the same and opposite directions.
Conclusion: the efficiency of the transport system increases due to bilateral movement of modules.
Perspectives for the development of high-speed transport
Authors: Chechenova Liana M. , Egorov Yuriy V. , Volykhina Natalia V.
Published: February 2020

Global socio-economic trends require a dramatic acceleration of transport links. The creation of new high-speed transport systems is an urgent task, the success of the solution of which largely determines the improvement of the quality of life and the trade and economic development of states, regions, cities.

The main strategic goal of the development of the transport system is to meet the needs of society, taking into account the value of time and using innovative factors focused on the effective development of a competitive environment, offering quality transport services based on developed infrastructure, and a high level of application of innovative techniques and technologies. The Russian railways as a transport system need a good restructuring due to the fact that its qualitative characteristics, especially infrastructure, are not able to efficiently solve the existing problems of the global economy.

The aim of this article is to study perspective trends for the development of the railway sector in the context of digitalization of the economy.
Socialization of public transport in the new technological paradigm
Authors: Zaitcev Anatoly A.
Published: February 2020

The humanity is entering the 6th technological paradigm. The technologies that shape it, form new sectors of the economy, will trigger change in educational programmes, and emergence of innovative modes of transport and connection.
Maglev transport system, where one of the key advantages over conventional transport is full automation, is a powerful instrument for innovative development of mainline infrastructure, and an optimal solution, that enables achieving digital the socialization of public transport.
In accordance with the laws of transition to the next technological paradigm, transport will face a technical revolution. The existing transport development model is maintained by gigantic infusion of resources. However, it is obvious that this is a backward model, being inadequate to both the society and business.
The development of projects of innovative transport based on maglev technology, will foster development of new materials, technologies and hardware.
The maglev technology is multifunctional, it allows engineering transport systems for various purposes, that correspond to consumers changing demand. Its application spheres are not fully exposed yet. However, the key issues, such as economic efficiency, aptitude to meet the societys and economys demand, are proved and obvious.
The Russian president supported project of construction of the Moscow-Saint Petersburg high-speed mainline is ideal for realisation on the basis of maglev technology.
The innovative technology that is able to provide disruptive development of Russias transport infrastructure is the maglev technology. Its application in transport industry, that plays a decisive role in development of safety and the countrys connectivity, will secure Russias leading position today and guarantee stable economy development in the future.
The Potential of RAFT Strategy for Improving Jordanian EFL Students' Creative Writing
Authors: Al-Mahdawi Na'ela Jumah , Al-Smadi Oqla Mahmoud
Published: February 2020

This study examines the potential effect of RAFT strategy on Jordanian EFL Eleventh-grade students' creative writing. A sample of Eleventh-grade students was purposefully selected from a secondary school in Irbid. The experimental group (n=25) was taught using a RAFT strategy whereas the control group (n= 25) was taught conventionally based on Teacher Book of Action Pack 11. For data collection, a creative writing pre/post- test was used. The findings reveal statistically significant differences in students’ means scores in the creative writing post test, in favor of the experimental group which may be attributed to RAFT strategy.
An explorative study on media effects in vocabulary learning
Authors: Giessen Hans
Published: February 2020

This article deals with the best media or media adequate ways to memorize vocabulary. An empirical study is presented in which test persons had to memorize vocabulary in an unknown language in three different ways. Thus, three experimental groups were presented Hungarian vocabulary to be learnt. The first group learnt a vocabulary list from a sheet of paper, the second one from the computer monitor, but without any animation, and the third one from an animated flash file. In the present article, the results of this study are reported and discussed.
Catering to Multiple Audiences: Language Diversity in Singapore’s Chinatown Food Stall Displays
Authors: Ben Said Selim , Ong Teresa
Published: February 2020

The visibility of bilingualism and multilingualism has increased in the urban landscape of major cities, a phenomenon commonly attributed to a globalized world economy, increasingly fluid national boundaries, and the subsequent contact between people, languages, and cultures. This is no truer than in countries such as Singapore, which has a history of cultural multilingualism driven by economic imperatives. Our study employs a mixed methods approach to present the diversity of language variation on signboards in Singapore’s Chinatown having resulted from the area’s culture and history, which dates back to the early 19th century. Following our examination of display practices, we observed that the dominant languages represented were Chinese and English, while the other official language (in this case, Tamil) was represented. Chinese dialects such as Hokkien and Cantonese, which were transliterated, were also widely represented. Reasons and explanations for the chosen languages on the signboards were elicited through consultations with hawkers. As a result, this study found that the exclusivist use of Chinese together with Chinese dialects is associated with an ethnic affiliation and territoriality commonly encountered in ethnically-marked neighborhoods, while the global language of English is used as a commodity catering to foreign and non-Chinese patrons.
Teorías de la conspiración: de la paranoia al genocidio=Conspiracy theories: from paranoia to genocide
Authors: Gallo Alejandro M.
Published: February 2020

Resumen La creencia en cualquier tipo de conspiraciones ha existido desde los tiempos más antiguos; sin embargo, la implantación y desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías de comunicación de masas las ha convertido en virales. El objeto de este artículo es analizar cómo desde el comienzo del siglo XXI, han traspasado el umbral de lo patológico para convertirse en lógico; es decir, en una forma de interpretar la realidad y la Historia, e incluso, inundado el discurso político. Esto no es inocuo, sino que hay razones para temer esa implantación de las teorías de la conspiración, pues la Historia nos enseña que ese paso de lo patológico a lo lógico, es el mismo que de la paranoia individual al genocidio, al Holocausto.AbstractBelief in any kind of conspiracy theory has existed since ancient times. However, the introduction and development of new media technology has turned this event viral. The purpose of this article is to analyse how, since the beginning of the twenty first century, conspiracy theories have crossed the threshold of the pathological to become logical by manipulating historical evidence and penetrating the political discourse. This is non-innocuous as history has demonstrated that the implantation of such theories and their evolution from the pathological to the logical parallels the transition from individual paranoia to the Holocaust genocide.
EMPOWERING LABORS IN BRICK FACTORIES: DEVELOPING INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION, TRAINING, AND ACCESS TO CAPITAL
Authors: Adam Sumarlin , Botutihe Darwin , Obie Muhammad
Published: February 2020

Purpose: This study analyzed the empowerment of brick factory laborers, related to the relations of labors and employers in the production to marketing processes, problems faced by laborers, their potential, and the priority of empowerment programs for brick factory laborers.
Methodology: In collecting data, researchers used the method of observation, in-depth interviews, and focused group discussion as the primary data source, and the literature study method as a secondary data source. Researchers analyzed data with a qualitative approach. When the data collection took place, researchers began to analyze data until a certain time even though the time of data collection has been completed.
Findings: Three principal components are interrelated in brick production, namely: landowners, employers, and laborers. The employer rents land from the landowner and employs laborers to produce bricks. Between laborers and landowners do not have a direct employment relationship, because it is the employer who presents his work. In the case of labor and employer relations, laborers are in an exploited and alienated position, which leaves workers powerless. Several labor problems that occur in working relationships in brick factories are: labors get salaries not based on provincial minimum wages, labors do not have social protection, labors find it difficult to meet basic needs, weak legal protection, labors do not get holiday allowances, face dismissal problems, and it is hard to get jobs outside the brick factory. 
Implications: This research was beneficial to create the community of laborers in brick factories that were empowered, socially, economically, and politically.
Novelty: The laborers in brick factories can be empowered by developing an institutional organization of laborers, strengthening labor capacity through training, and opening access to ownership of production capital.
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PIGMENTED BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM MALAYSIAN SEAWATER
Authors: Afifah Mursyida Zaujan Nur , Zohdi Othman Mohamad , Najihah Mohd Lutfi Fatin , Rahim Kamarudin Kamarul , Mohd Noor Hanina , Mohamed Rehan Maryam
Published: February 2020

Purpose of study: Bacteria can naturally produce pigments that can be useful for various applications as they possess antimicrobial metabolites among other numerous benefits towards the human health. This study was carried out to identify the species of marine bacterial isolates PMA, PM3C1 and PM5C1 exhibiting yellow, orange and green colors respectively.

Methodology: The current study is using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification and sequence analysis of their 16S rRNA gene. The stability of pigments extracted from the bacterial samples was also analyzed against different temperature and light conditions.

Main Findings: Sequence alignment using BLAST revealed that the yellow, orange, and green-pigmented bacteria have 84% similarity with Staphylococcus aureus, 85% similarity with Exiguobacterium profundum and 95% similarity with Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. The green pigment showed major changes in color following exposure to sunlight and fluorescent light, and when incubated at 24°C and 50°C. Exposure to direct sunlight also results in the reduction of color for the yellow and orange extracts, while no effect was observed for both pigments under fluorescent light. Incubation at 50°C results in the reduction of the orange color, while the yellow pigment was observed to be unaffected suggesting its stability at high temperature.

Implications: Natural pigments production can provide many advantages including reduction of pollution generation, ease of disposal and other benefits to the human health.
The relationship between platelet to lymphocyte ratio and the diurnal variation of hypertension
Authors: ÇELEBİ Savaş
Published: February 2020

Aim:
Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) predicts worse outcome in cardiovascular
disease. However data is limitted about the role of PLR in the diurnal
variation of hypertension. In this study we evaluated the relationship between
the diurnal variation of hypertension and PLR. Material and Methods:
The study included a total of 247 essential hypertensive patients. All patients
underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood monitoring. Thereafter hypertensive patients
were divided into two groups: 64 dipper patients (30 female, mean age 53.8±12.9
years) and 38 non-dipper patients (18 female, mean age 52.6±12.5years).
Complete blood count and biochemistry were measured by standard methods.  PLR was measured by dividing platelet count
to lymphocyte count.Results:
Non-dipper hypertensives had signifi cantly higher PLR levels than dippers
(127.9±32.16 vs 103.4±10.67, p<0.001). There was a negatif correlation
between percentage of sistolic and diastolic blood pressure fall and PLR.

Conclusion:
We demonstrated that PLR, an inexpensive and easily accessible biomarker, is
significantly higher in nondipper hypertensives than the dipper hypertensives.
Językowa i stylistyczna wielogłosowość publicystyki okolicznościowej
Authors: Wojtak Maria
Published: February 2020

Artykuł jest pomyślany jako próba charakterystyki konkretnej publikacji prasowej, mającej kształt gatunkowej kolekcji. Jest to bowiem dodatek do „Tygodnika Powszechnego” (nr 29 z 2018 roku) pt. Festiwal Stolica Języka Polskiego. Publikacja ta powiela formę magazynu prasowego, gdyż oprócz programu festiwalu zawiera: editorial, wywiady, recenzje, teksty komentujące i biogramy wybranych uczestników festiwalu. Mamy zatem do czynienia z typowym dla kolekcji współwystępowaniem konkretnych wypowiedzi w określonym miejscu i czasie. Całości przypisać można funkcję powiadamiania o wydarzeniu kulturalnym (festiwalu) oraz funkcję promowania imprezy. Autorka analizuje wspomnianą publikację w perspektywie dyskursywnej, a więc zwraca uwagę na określone, typowe dla współczesnej prasy praktyki komunikacyjne, tworzące skomplikowaną siatkę strategii, celów i form komunikacji, składających się na kształt współczesnej publicystyki. Analitycznym celem artykułu jest pokazanie komunikacyjnej polimorficzności konkretnego zbioru wypowiedzi publicystycznych, a więc interpretujących określoną rzeczywistość i służących przekonaniu czytelników do tej interpretacji. Poszczególne wypowiedzi są traktowane jako głosy, czyli komunikacyjnie (pragmatycznie) i formalnie ukształtowane typy działań językowych.
Inicjacja przekazu artystycznego
Authors: Władyka-Łuczak Zofia
Published: February 2020

Przedstawiony artykuł to próba odpowiedzi na pytanie: Kiedy i z jakiego powodu pojawia się inicjacja przekazu artystycznego? Analiza kierująca do końcowego wniosku została przeprowadzona na podstawie autoetnograficznej analizy z procesu tworzenia Pomnika Początków Miasta Łodzi. Głównym jej wątkiem było poszukiwanie granicy pomiędzy stanem przedtwórczym a twórczym w trakcie pracy artysty nad dziełem. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że: „[n]iezależnie od tego, czy pracuję nad rzeźbą, która została zlecona, czy rzeźbię tylko dla siebie, proces inicjacji stanów przedtwórczych i twórczych wygląda podobnie. Zawsze rozpoczynam pracę od zgromadzenia materiałów. Postępuję tak, jak chcą tego konstruktywiści, przeprowadzam rozpoznanie elementów odnoszących się do różnorakich systemów dyferencyjnych. […] Mam świadomość, że oczekiwany stan przejścia ze stanu przedtwórczego do twórczego może nastąpić w każdej chwili. Dzisiaj, po wielu latach, już wiem, że nie warto oceniać wartości zebranych materiałów, inicjacja stanu twórczego i tak przyjdzie sama”. Istotą zainicjowania postawy twórczej jest wykształcenie umiejętności obserwacji otaczającej artystę rzeczywistości, a co istotniejsze – wykształcenie umiejętności wydobywania z niej tego, co już w całym tym skomplikowanym procesie jest tym, co zwykliśmy nazywać inspiracją. Granica stanu przedtwórczego a twórczego powstaje w chwili, w której artysta podejmuje decyzję o przeniesieniu zauważonego fragmentu rzeczywistości do tworzonego właśnie dzieła. Ocena wartości dzieła sztuki to osobne zagadnienie, które w artykule zostało pominięte.
Życie jest piękne. Szkic o cyklach reportaży radiowych Fundacji „Głos Ewangelii”
Authors: Bachura-Wojtasik Joanna , Czarnek-Wnuk Paulina , Sygizman Kinga
Published: February 2020

Artykuł omawia reportaże radiowe przygotowane przez Fundację „Głos Ewangelii”. Cykle reportaży Życie jest piękne zostały zanalizowane i zinterpretowane pod kątem tematyki, zastosowanych środków dźwiękowych oraz obecności wątków religijnych i Boga. Wybrany materiał audialny pozwolił również na wskazanie ogólnych cech stylu reportaży Fundacji „Głos Ewangelii”.
Przeciwko „zglobalizowanej obojętności”. Reportażysta radiowy wobec problematyki uchodźczej
Authors: Michalak Katarzyna
Published: February 2020

Od swojego nasilenia w roku 2015 – kryzys migracyjny stał się jednym z ważniejszych tematów doniesień medialnych. Z biegiem czasu owe częste doniesienia przyczyniły się do społecznego zobojętnienia na krzywdę migrantów. Przybysze – traktowani stereotypowo jako obcy – stali się grupą ludzi zbędnych, niepotrzebnych, co z kolei zaczęło prowadzić do społecznych napięć i podziałów. Autorka prezentowanego artykułu wykazuje, że jednym ze sposobów budowania dialogu między kulturami może być reportaż, szczególnie reportaż radiowy. Podążając za myślą Ryszarda Kapuścińskiego i Emmanuela Lévinasa, autorka uważa, że spotkanie z „Innym” to jedno z najważniejszych wyzwań XXI wieku. Trzy analizowane reportaże zdają się potwierdzać, że radiowe medium może pełnić szczególną rolę w przezwyciężaniu „zglobalizowanej obojętności”.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RESULTS OF THE DOT-IMMUNOASSAY IN AN AUTONOMOUS KIT FOR THE DETECTION OF ORTHOPOXVIRUSES
Authors: Poltavchenko A. G , Ersh A. V , Azaev Mamedyar Sh. , Filatov P. V
Published: February 2020

The aim of the work is to create a sensitive, fast and easy-to-use immunochemical assay for the detection of orthopoxviruses in the “point of care” format. The objectives of the study included: the fine-tuning of technology of preparation and use of the developer for colloidal gold conjugates in autonomous diagnostic systems based on flat protein matrices, as well as testing of this technology for detecting vaccinia virus. The quality of available reagents (metol, citric acid and silver nitrate) for the manufacture of the developing system was assessed: the most suitable reagents were selected. A technology has been fine-tuned for the preparation of a developer. The developer includes the dry component in the form of tablets (3.5-4 mg) containing metol and citric acid in a ratio of 2:3, and the liquid component - 0.4% silver nitrate solution. To increase the contrast and stability of optical signals, it was proposed to use the processing of the developed protein matrix with an alkaline solution of thiourea. The use of a two-component developer allows the detection of vaccinia virus in non-laboratory conditions with a sensitivity of 5.4 × 104 PFU/ml.
LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH DRUG-RESISTANT PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AND NON-EFFICIENCY OF PREVIOUS THERAPY
Authors: Elgali A. I , Aseev A. V , Riasenskii Dmitriy Sergeevich , Grishkina N. A
Published: February 2020

In 2018 key changes were made to the recommended treatment for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, the priority of oral medications over injectables was indicated. For the first time in history, a new, completely oral 20-month treatment regimen was proposed. The regimen recommends bedaquiline and linezolid together with levofloxacin / moxifloxacin, cycloserine / clofazimine. This treatment regimen differs from the standard 4 MDR-TB chemotherapy regimens adopted in Russia. Until recently, bedaquiline and linezolid were relatively unobtainable in the conditions of tuberculosis dispensaries, patients who needed such treatment were referred to specialized Federal tuberculosis facilities. The aim of the study was to study the long-term results of treatment of patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in cases of the ineffectiveness of previous therapy in an antituberculosis dispensary and referral to a specialized Federal tuberculosis institution. In 2010-2014, 143 people of both sexes in the age group from 20 to 60 years old were treated in the Tver Regional Clinical Antituberculosis Dispensary. Individual conversations, organizing communication with other patients who received effective anti-tuberculosis treatment, watching the training video “Tuberculosis: Questions and Answers”, studying the materials of the brochure “School of the Patient. A brochure for patients suffering from tuberculosis” developed by the charitable organization “Partners in the name of health” was used in the process of increasing adherence to treatment. When carrying out measures to increase adherence to treatment among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, a positive result was obtained in 143 people. These patients agreed to possible surgical intervention in the Federal Tuberculosis Institution. Immediately after the surgical stage of treatment, cavity closure and/or abacillation were achieved in 132 (92.3%) people. In the postoperative period anti-tuberculosis therapy was continued in accordance with the drug-resistant pathogen, the discipline of patients in receiving anti-tuberculosis drugs increased significantly.
Why Christian Schools Should Adopt Restorative Justice?
Authors: Effendy Samuel Dwioktorianto
Published: February 2020

Christian schools have the responsibility to teach students to view everything from God’s perspective. Hence, all components of Christian education, including discipline practices, should be based on the Bible. Traditionally, the discipline approach in schools is mainly retributive justice that focuses on the rules that are broken, the offenders and the punishments. The offenders should get the deserved punishment for breaking the rules. A different approach, that is restorative justice, focuses on addressing the harm caused, the victims’ feeling and restoring the broken relationship caused by the offense through reconciliation. To find the most biblical approach to be implemented in Christian schools, this paper first looks at the presupposition of both approaches through literature studies and then review it in the light of the Word of God. The result is apparent that restorative justice should be adopted by Christian schools in order to stay faithful to the mandate which is to bring students to God. Further arguments on the importance of adopting this approach are presented concisely. Nevertheless, more research is needed in this area to ensure successful implementation.
The Fourth Lateran Council as the Main Agenda for the Preparation of the Fifth Crusade
Authors: Chandra Okky
Published: February 2020

The Latin Church in medieval time regarded crusades as holy wars against paganism and heretics. Pope Innocent III was one of the church leaders who strongly believed that Christians need to regain the Holy Land. After initiating the Fourth Crusade and was disappointed by the failure of the crusaders, Innocent III organised the Fourth Lateran Council for the main purpose of launching the Fifth Crusade. While some scholars maintained that the reform of universal church was one of the main agenda of the Council, this paper shows that it was ancillary to the preparation of all elements within the Church for the next Crusade.
Christians’ Prayer, Missio Dei, and Missio Ecclesiae: An Exegetical Study of 1 Timothy 2:1-7
Authors: Yahya Pancha Wiguna
Published: February 2020

1 Timothy 2:1-15 is considered to be one of the most profound passages on prayer in the New Testament because it presents an extensive instruction on what and how Christians ought to pray. However, NT scholars are in dispute on the purpose of the instruction on prayer in this passage. It is common that this instruction, especially that of 2:1-7, is regarded as a general command for Christians to pray for all people and for government leaders. This article will demonstrate that in this passage, Paul exhorts the church in Ephesus to pray for all people, including kings, so that God’s mission to bring salvation to all mankind will be fulfilled.  At the same time, Christians need to pray so that they may carry out their mission among the ungodly society by living godly and dignified lives in accordance with the apostolic teaching and resist the false teaching that permeates the church. The structure of the text will be examined grammatically to expound the meaning of this passage.

 
Międzynarodowa konferencja „Philosophy and medicine – the history of their relations” w Toruniu
Authors: Pękacka-Falkowska Katarzyna
Published: February 2020

Sprawozdanie
Konferencja Naukowa „Gruźlica – dawne doświadczenia, obecne osiągnięcia i zagrożenia” w Obrze k/Wolsztyna, 19 maja 2018 r.
Authors: Magowska Anita
Published: February 2020

Sprawozdanie
The fate of the last head of the surgical department of the 3rd Regional Hospital in Grodno lt. col. Adam Kiełbiński (1894-1975) as the mirror of the history of Polish military health service from the Eastern Borderlands of the Second Polish Republic
Authors: Kopociński Zbigniew , Kopociński Krzysztof
Published: February 2020

W okresie międzywojennym polska wojskowa służba zdrowia dysponowała dziesięcioma dużymi szpitalami okręgowymi. Najważniejszą placówką sanitarną w III. Okręgu Korpusie był 3. Szpital Okręgowy w Grodnie. II wojna światowa przyniosła likwidację tego zakładu oraz śmierć większości jego lekarzy. Ppłk Adam Kiełbiński (1894-1975), ostatni ordynator oddziału chirurgicznego, był jednym z nielicznych, którym udało się przetrwać ten dramatyczny czas. Pobyt w sowieckim łagrze, w warunkach urągających człowieczeństwu, nie zabił w nim umiłowania zawodu lekarza i chęci niesienia pomocy chorym ludziom. Przeszedł szlak bojowy Armii Polskiej w ZSRR i II Korpusu Polskiego. Po zakończeniu II wojny światowej nie mógł powrócić do Polski, pozostał w Wielkiej Brytanii, pracował w Szpitalu Polskim w Penley. Z jego perspektywy doskonale widoczny jest dramat wszystkich mieszkańców Kresów Wschodnich II Rzeczpospolitej, którzy w wyniku haniebnych traktatów w Jałcie i Poczdamie, mimo niezwykłej ofiarności i olbrzymiego wkładu w pokonanie III Rzeszy, pozbawieni zostali swoich domów i skazani na los wiecznego tułacza.
Items concerning tuberculosis in the collection of Robert Koch Museum in Wolsztyn
Authors: Adamczak Marcin
Published: February 2020

Artykuł przedstawia muzealia dotyczące gruźlicy przechowywane w Muzeum Roberta Kocha w Wolsztynie. Trwający jedenaście lat wolsztyński okres życia był dla Roberta Kocha bardzo ważny ze względu na badania naukowe, które wtedy prowadził. W artykule opisany został dom Roberta Kocha w Wolsztynie, obecnie siedziba Muzeum Roberta Kocha. Scharakteryzowane zostały eksponaty dotyczące prowadzonych przez Kocha badań nad gruźlicą i upowszechniania ich wyników. Ciekawy i obszerny zbiór pamiątek po Kochu został zgromadzony dzięki darczyńcom.
An Isolated Complex V Inefficiency and Dysregulated Mitochondrial Function in Immortalized Lymphocytes from ME/CFS Patients
Authors: Missailidis Daniel , Annesley Sarah , Allan Claire , Sanislav Oana , Lidbury Brett , Lewis Donald , Fisher Paul
Published: February 2020

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is an enigmatic condition characterized by exacerbation of symptoms after exertion (post-exertional malaise or “PEM”), and by fatigue whose severity and associated requirement for rest are excessive and disproportionate to the fatigue-inducing activity. There is no definitive molecular marker or known underlying pathological mechanism for the condition. Increasing evidence for aberrant energy metabolism suggests a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in ME/CFS. Our objective was therefore to measure mitochondrial function and cellular stress sensing in actively metabolising patient blood cells. We immortalized lymphoblasts isolated from 51 ME/CFS patients diagnosed according to the Canadian Consensus Criteria and an age- and gender-matched control group. Parameters of mitochondrial function and energy stress sensing were assessed by Seahorse extracellular flux analysis, proteomics, and an array of additional biochemical assays. As a proportion of the basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR), the rate of ATP synthesis by Complex V was significantly reduced in ME/CFS lymphoblasts, while significant elevations were observed in Complex I OCR, maximum OCR, spare respiratory capacity, nonmitochondrial OCR and “proton leak” as a proportion of the basal OCR. This was accompanied by a reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, chronically hyperactivated TOR Complex I stress signalling and upregulated expression of mitochondrial respiratory complexes, fatty acid transporters and enzymes of the β-oxidation and TCA cycles. By contrast, mitochondrial mass and genome copy number, as well as glycolytic rates and steady state ATP levels were unchanged. Our results suggest a model in which ME/CFS lymphoblasts have a Complex V defect accompanied by compensatory upregulation of their respiratory capacity that includes the mitochondrial respiratory complexes, membrane transporters and enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation. This homeostatically returns ATP synthesis and steady state levels to “normal” in the resting cells, but may leave them unable to adequately respond to acute increases in energy demand as the relevant homeostatic pathways are already activated.
Clustered Based Prediction for Batteries in the Data Centers
Authors: Haider Syed Naeem , Zhao Qianchuan , Li Xueliang
Published: February 2020

This paper proposes an ARIMA approach to battery health forecasting with accuracy improvement by K shape-based clustered predictors. The health prediction of the battery pack is an important function of a battery management system in data centers. Accurate forecasting of battery life turns out to be very difficult without failure data to train a good forecasting model in real life. The conventional ARIMA model is compared with total and clustered predictors for battery health forecasting. Results show that the forecasting accuracy of the ARIMA model significantly improved by utilizing the results of the clustered predictors for 40 batteries in a real data center. One year of actual historical data of 40 batteries of large scale datacenter is presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Context-Dependency of Enemy Impact on Plant Communities in a Changing World
Authors: Kempel Anne , Auge Harald , Allan Eric
Published: February 2020

Global environmental change is strongly altering biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Antagonistic biotic interactions affect the diversity and functioning of plant communities but are notoriously context dependent and are therefore likely to be altered by global change drivers. Global change can directly affect biotic interactions and can also indirectly alter the abundance, diversity and composition of plant enemy communities, via changes to plant productivity, diversity and functional composition. Changes in the enemy community feedback to alter the plant community. However, we lack predictions for how different global change drivers may alter enemy communities and their impact on plant communities. In this review we summarize current knowledge on the impact of invertebrate herbivores and fungal pathogens on plant productivity, diversity and community composition, and outline theory and expectations on how important global change drivers – nitrogen enrichment, warming and elevated CO2, as well as the loss of plant and insect diversity, may affect the impact of plant-enemies on plant communities.
CRISPR-Cas Systems for Diagnosing Infectious Diseases
Authors: Kostyusheva Anastasiya , Brezgin Sergey , Babin Yurii , Vasil'eva Irina , Kostyushev Dmitry , Chulanov Vladimir
Published: February 2020

Infectious diseases are a global health problem affecting billions of people. Developing rapid and sensitive diagnostic tools is key for successful patient management and curbing disease spread. Currently available diagnostics are very specific and sensitive but time-consuming and require expensive laboratory settings and well-trained personnel; thus, they are not available in resource-limited areas, for the purposes of large-scale screenings and in case of outbreaks and epidemics. Developing new, rapid, and affordable point-of-care diagnostic assays is urgently needed. This review focuses on CRISPR-based technologies and their perspectives to become platforms for point-of-care nucleic acid detection methods and as deployable diagnostic platforms that could help to identify and curb outbreaks and emerging epidemics. We describe the mechanisms and function of different classes and types of CRISPR-Cas systems, including pros and cons for developing molecular diagnostic tests and applications of each type to detect a wide range of infectious agents. Many Cas proteins (Cas9, Cas12, Cas13, Cas14) have been leveraged to create highly accurate and sensitive diagnostic tools combined with technologies of signal amplification and fluorescent, potentiometric, colorimetric, or lateral flow assay detection. In particular, the most advanced platforms -- SHERLOCK/v2, DETECTR, or CRISPR-Chip -- enable detection of attomolar amounts of pathogenic nucleic acids with specificity comparable to that of PCR but with minimal technical settings. Further developing CRISPR-based diagnostic tools promises to dramatically transform molecular diagnostics, making them easily affordable and accessible virtually anywhere in the world. The burden of socially significant diseases, frequent outbreaks, recent epidemics (MERS, SARS and the ongoing coronoviral nCov-2019 infection) urgently need the developing of express-diagnostic tools. Recently devised CRISPR-technologies represent the unprecedented opportunity to reshape epidemiological surveillance and molecular diagnostics.
Density Profiles of 51 Galaxies from Parameter-Free Inverse Models of their Measured Differential Rotation
Authors: Criss Robert , Hofmeister Anne
Published: February 2020

Spiral galaxies and their rotation curves have key characteristics of differentially spinning objects. Oblate spheroid shapes are a consequence of spin and reasonably describe galaxies, indicating that their matter is distributed in gravitationally interacting homeoidal shells. Previously published equations describing differentially spinning oblate spheroids with radially varying density are here applied to 51 galaxies, mostly spirals. A constant volumetric density (rho, kg m-3) is assumed for each thin homeoid in these formulae, after Newton, which is consistent with RC being reported simply as a function of equatorial radius r. We construct parameter-free inverse models that uniquely specify mass inside any given r, and thus directly constrain rho vs. r solely from velocity v(r) and galactic aspect ratios (assumed as 1:10 when data are unavailable). Except for their innermost zones, rho is proven to be closely proportional to rn, where n for all 36 spirals studied equals -1.80±0.40. Our values for interior densities compare closely with independently measured baryon density in appropriate astronomical environments: for example, calculated rho at galactic edges agrees with estimated rho of intergalactic media (IGM). Our finding that central densities increase with galaxy size is consistent with behavior exhibited by diverse self-gravitating entities. Our calculated mass distributions are consistent with visible luminosity and require no non-baryonic component. Empirical luminosity-velocity relationships for galaxies, such as the Tully-Fisher rule, originate in Newtonian physics.
Império e educação: rupturas e continuidades no processo educacional brasileiro durante o primeiro reinado (1822-1836)
Authors: Carvalho Maria Elizete Guimarães
Published: February 2020

O estudo reflete sobre o processo educacional brasileiro durante o Primeiro Reinado, período marcado por rupturas e continuidades, pela centralização/descentralização política e pela ausência de escolas. Com o propósito de construir novas leituras e representações desse momento histórico, articula-se acontecimentos, legislação e educação, trazendo configurações de um tempo/espaço marcante da história da educação brasileira. Ora, em uma sociedade colonial como a brasileira, inexistiam exigências educacionais originadas na economia, encontrando na Europa sua orientação. Assim, a educação processada durante o Império articulava-se com as necessidades da sociedade, marcada por aspectos de continuidade e rupturas presentes na vida e na educação. Nesse cenário, precedido de lutas abortadas, mas que imprimiram sua marca, de disputas políticas, qual o significado e o lugar da educação? A ausência de escolas para o povo, o dualismo educacional, a defasagem entre a letra da lei e sua prática revelam os interesses da sociedade brasileira no Primeiro Reinado. O estudo utilizou-se de fontes documentais escritas e iconográficas, em um tratamento metodológico de articulação, complementação e interpretação de leis, textos e pinturas históricas.
“Pura, dura e segura”: a vida das pensionistas do Colégio São José de Pelotas
Authors: Arriada Eduardo , Dos Santos Rita de Cássia Grecco
Published: February 2020

O presente texto refere-se a uma análise da vida das pensionistas do Colégio São José, uma instituição de ensino quase centenária da cidade de Pelotas/RS. Jovens pensionistas que eram formadas no lema: “pura, dura e segura”. Assim, ao caracterizarmos o funcionamento do internato, das práticas pedagógicas vigentes durante seu funcionamento, o cotidiano escolar, as disciplinas-saber e os manuais escolares utilizados, ensejamos compreender como era exercido o controle e disciplinamento destas jovens. Sendo que, para além das disciplinas-saber, aprendiam também boas maneiras, obediência, postura, canto e desenho. Portanto, para realizarmos a referida análise recorremos aos trabalhos de Foucault (1984), Forquin (1992) e Chervel (1998), entre outros, subsídios fundamentais para estudarmos como a cultura escolar, para além das relações de poder, plasmava esse modelo de educação.
PROCESSO DE BOLONHA: A CONSTRUÇÃO DE UMA NOVA UNIVERSIDADE PARA A EUROPA?
Authors: Ferreira Suely
Published: February 2020

Este trabalho visou a refletir sobre as significativas transformações nas universidades européias, que tiveram como marco fundamental a Declaração Bolonha (1999). Para compreender esse processo, optou-se pela investigação teórica, documental e por uma análise macrossocial das reformas na educação superior e nas universidades da União Europeia, mediante a análise de documentos e de publicações que têm regulamentado ou orientado esse processo na Europa, no período de 1999 a 2008. Nesse percurso, objetivou-se buscar elementos que vêm indicando a construção de uma nova concepção de universidade para a Europa e dos seus novos papéis sociais. Na investigação, verificou-se que, a partir de Bolonha, iniciou-se um processo substantivo de reconfiguração das universidades e dos seus papéis sociais mediante a imposição de novas regulações e determinações trans e supranacionais.
ENTRE A ESTÉTICA MUSICAL E A EDUCAÇÃO: A VISÃO ADORNIANA DA OBRA DE SCHOENBERG PARA UMA POSSÍVEL EDUCAÇÃO RESTAURADORA DO PROCESSO DE REFLEXÃO
Authors: Balão Paolo Leif Birckholz Andersen , Horn Geraldo Balduino
Published: February 2020

Os movimentos artísticos provenientes do panorama pós Primeira Guerra Mundial já não mais poderiam ocupar-se de produzir uma estética voltada a um público selecionado e detentor da valoração e dos rumos que essa estética deveria produzir. As vanguardas modernas antecederam a decadência da sociedade liberal – burguesa muito antes que essa aparecesse com tal, sendo essas vanguardas responsáveis pelas inovações e críticas a uma nova estética modelada a partir de uma nova concepção de sociedade. É nesse contexto histórico que o compositor austríaco Arnold Schoenberg aparece.  O objetivo desse estudo é o de poder ver se há, ou não, uma possibilidade, mesmo que remota, de unir o projeto de Schoenberg a um projeto que visa a educação das massas. A apresentação da filosofia de Adorno de não alienação e de criação individual, que tem como princípio a apresentação da verdade que permeia o homem e a sociedade é a base do projeto e a metodologia da música de vanguarda de Schoenberg. A estética de vanguarda de Schoenberg lida por Adorno é a possibilidade de ler a arte pela lente da crítica ideológica.
O DESAFIO DA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE FRENTE À EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA
Authors: Honnef Cláucia
Published: February 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão acerca dos processos de formação docente frente à educação inclusiva e baseia-se em alguns resultados oriundos de uma pesquisa realizada como trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação (TCC) no ano de 2009. Tal pesquisa objetivou verificar a legitimação da Política Nacional da Educação Especial na Perspectiva Inclusiva (2008) e o que se pensava sobre o trabalho articulado entre o professor de educação especial e o professor de classe comum, trabalho que é referido na política acima citada e que pode constituir um valioso espaço de formação docente através da troca de saberes. Como resultado da pesquisa, pode-se observar que, embora sejam oferecidos processos de formação de professores, estes ainda encontram resistência por parte dos educadores, o que constitui uma barreira a ser ultrapassada para se efetivar uma educação inclusiva. Quanto ao trabalho em parceria entre professor de educação especial e professor de classe comum, este é visto como relevante, mas difícil de ser realizado devido, principalmente, à cultura do isolamento docente. Desse modo, pode-se observar que a formação dos educadores, essencial frente à educação inclusiva, mostra-se ainda um desafio a ser superado.
A Identidade Cultural na Teoria Educacional Contemporânea
Authors: De Almeida Leda Maria
Published: February 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o conceito de identidade cultural nas teorias pedagógicas críticas produzidas nas últimas décadas do século XX, enfatizando a importância dessa categoria para a promoção de uma prática pedagógica crítica. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica, destacamos posicionamentos de alguns autores influentes dessa corrente teórica, tais como Paulo Freire, Henry Giroux e Peter McLaren. O argumento é construído em resposta à seguinte pergunta: Quais os avanços teóricos já realizados pela teoria educacional crítica no tocante à construção identitária? Finalizo propondo a utilização da Teoria das Representações Sociais de Serge Moscovici como um importante referencial teórico nas pesquisas concernentes à elaboração de uma prática pedagógica que vise a uma construção identitária crítica dos educandos.