bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid acquisition of an appetitive conditioned response in an intertidal fish, Tridentiger trigonocephalus (Gobiidae), using an ethologically relevant conditioning paradigm
Authors: Yoshida Masayuki , Kanto Yoshinori , Tsuboi Miyuki , Sakai Yoichi
Published: March 2013

Intertidal fishes have elaborated spatial cognitive abilities. In this study, we developed an appetitive conditioning paradigm for an intertidal fish species (the chameleon goby; Tridentiger trigonocephalus) that involves spatial components and ethologically relevant cue stimuli. The gobies rapidly acquired the conditioned anticipatory behaviour after only a few trials of paired presentations of virtual tidal changes and food rewards (which were only available in specific locations during a simulated high tide). The conditioned responses were retained after exposure to a 1 month period without trainings or tidal changes. The rapid acquisition and long-term retention of the conditioned responses indicates that the learning paradigm, which used a combination of water level changes and food availability in specific spatial locations, is biologically significant for this species. Taken together, these results suggest that spatial tasks combined with virtual tidal changes provide a suitable paradigm for evaluating spatial cognitive mechanisms in intertidal fishes.
Disease in the Capital: Nationalist Health Services and the ‘Sick [Wo]man of East Asia’ in Wartime Chongqing
Authors: Barnes Nicole Elizabeth
Published: March 2013

The Chongqing Bureau of Public Health, established shortly after the Nationalists relocated to the wartime capital, faced frequent air raids, rampant inflation, and acute personnel shortages. Still it accomplished an astonishing amount of work, demonstrating its commitment to public health as a barometer of modernity, national stability, and political fitness. The Bureau also treated male and female bodies differently, institutionalizing gender roles through its public health administration. This paper illustrates differences between medical care for men and women, arguing that Chongqing health officials’ myopic focus on maternal issues when discussing women’s healthcare, their failure to address highly skewed gender ratios in the patient reports and vaccination statistics that their office received on a monthly basis, and the relatively late opening of the city’s most substantial maternal health facilities, all point to male-centric priorities within the administration. Military health took priority not only because of the war, but because soldiers’ health conditions and facilities were so appallingly dismal. Thus, wartime health conditions reveal the continued haunting of modern China’s great specter, the “Sick Man of East Asia,” and two types of disease in the wartime capital: the Nationalist state, politically diseased, failed to protect its civilians and soldiers from common diseases.
Extent of Applicability of Human Rights Standards to Proceedings before the International Criminal Court: On Possible Reductive Factors
Authors: Deprez Christophe
Published: March 2013

Today, it is not seriously challenged that human rights law applies to proceedings before the International Criminal Court. The exact boundaries of this statement, however, might be less clear. The present article argues that the extent of applicability of human rights law cannot be precisely described unless the specific nature of the Court and of international criminal justice in general is taken into consideration. More concretely, it will be demonstrated that the exact scope of applicability of human rights standards to the ICC setting can only be addressed by referring to inherent characteristics (both of the Court and of the international criminal system as a whole) that could possibly bear a reductive impact on that scope. It will be argued throughout the analysis that several of these specific features are indeed capable of reducing the level of protection, while on a closer look others do not display such influence.
Still waiting for the benefits to trickle-down: International children’s rights under a land claim agreement
Authors: Darling Kate
Published: March 2013

The Inuit of Nunavut, Canada, are the intended beneficiaries of several overlapping rights frameworks. The international treaties to which Canada is a signatory, the Nunavut Land Claim Agreement, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People, Canada’s Constitution and a slate of federal and territorial laws promise Inuit that they may enjoy the same opportunities to flourish that other Canadians enjoy. While these rights regimes and ensuing federal policies have developed in response to Inuit as a group, Inuit children have remained largely invisible. Among other factors, the fixation with economic development and the failure to promote the participation of children has contributed to the absence of their specific interests in plans for Nunavut’s future. As a result, this subgroup continues to suffer infringements of those rights that are most relevant to their success. Whereas these overlapping frameworks have the potential to greatly benefit a particularly marginalized group, in fact they have served to further confound efforts to promote and revitalize the welfare of Inuit children.
A second species of the genus Helibatus Mulsant & Rey, 1859 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Opatrina)
Authors: IWAN DARIUSZ , SCHIMROSCZYK DAVID
Published: March 2013

The genus Helibatus consists of two species: H. morio Mulsant & Rey, 1859 and newly described H. banaszkiewiczae sp. nov. The species differ from each other in the structure of the metaventral process. The genus is distributed inSouthern Africa – a distribution map for the two known species is provided.
Tonicia atrata and Chiton cumingsii (Polyplacophora: Chitonidae): First records in European waters
Authors: ARIAS ANDRÉS , ANADÓN NURIA
Published: March 2013

At present, over 300 species of marine alien Mollusc are reported from the European waters (Streftaris et al. 2005; Zenetos et al. 2010). However, only three alien polyplacophoran have been recorded: Chaetopleura angulata (Spengler, 1797), Acanthopleura gemmata (Blainville, 1825) and Chiton hululensis (E. A. Smith, 1903); the latter is considered as “questionable” (Zenetos et al. 2010). These polyplacophoran constituting about 1% of the alien marine mollusc reported from Europe. Here we present the first record of Tonicia atrata (Sowerby, 1840) and Chiton cumingsii Frembly, 1827 in European waters, constituting the first evidence of their presence outside their native range. Furthermore, we give brief notes on the taxonomy and distribution of T. atrata and C. cumingsii, and discuss the potential pathways for introduction toEurope.
Notes on the acoustic repertoire of Melanophryniscus klappenbachi Prigioni & Langone, 2000
Authors: KURTH MEIKE , HÖRNES DAVID , ESSER SASCHA , RÖDDER DENNIS
Published: March 2013

The genus Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 currently comprises 25 recognized species (Frost 2012) arranged in three (Cruz & Caramaschi 2003) to four species groups (Cespedez & Motte 2001, quoted by Maneyro et al. 2008) on the basis of morphological characters. The Melanophryniscus stelzneri species group currently contains nine species, i.e. M. atroluteus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920), M. cupreuscapularis Céspedez & Alvarez, 2000, M. dorsalis (Mertens, 1933), M. fulvoguttatus (Mertens, 1937), M. klappenbachi Prigioni & Langone, 2000, M. krauczuki Baldo & Basso, 2004, M. montevidensis (Philippi, 1902), M. rubriventris (Vellard, 1947), and M. stelzneri (Weyenbergh, 1875). So far, advertisement calls of only four of these species have been described, i.e. those of M. atroluteus, M. dorsalis, M. krauczuki, and M. montevidensis (Kwet et al. 2005, Baldo & Basso 2004). Herein, we describe the courtship call and distress call of M. klappenbachi and compare it with the calls of other members of the group (for definitions of the respective call types see below).
Distribution and Mechanisms of Orographic Precipitation Associated with Typhoon Morakot (2009)
Authors: Yu Cheng-Ku , Cheng Lin-Wen
Published: March 2013

Using a combination of Doppler radar observations and rain gauge data, this study documents detailed aspects of the orographic precipitation associated with Typhoon Morakot (2009). Rainfall distribution over underlying topographical features and possible physical mechanisms responsible for the observed orographic enhancement are explored. The study region constitutes an approximately two-dimensional, south–north-oriented orographic barrier with higher, wider (lower, narrower) terrain features in its northern (southern) portions (i.e., the northern and southern barriers). Upstream conditions were characterized by abundant typhoon background precipitation embedded within strong, nearly saturated westerly to west-southwesterly oncoming flow. The observations show that a wide area of topographically enhanced precipitation and the rainfall maxima were confined to the windward slopes of the northern barrier, whereas the strongest rainfall tended to occur near and/or slightly downstream of the mountain crest of the southern barrier. Quantitative analysis indicates that upslope lifting may explain the observed precipitation enhancement over the northern barrier; however, this mechanism was found to be less relevant to precipitation enhancement for the southern barrier. The characteristics of the enhanced precipitation observed over the southern barrier are, instead, consistent with the theoretical prediction of the seeder–feeder process. In this context, the degree of orographic enhancement was shown to be proportional to the intensity of the typhoon background precipitation multiplied by the oncoming wind speed. The results suggest that for the tropical cyclone environment, understanding and predicting rainfall over narrow, low mountain ranges is particularly challenging because it involves complex dynamical and microphysical processes.
A Planetary Boundary Layer Height Climatology Derived from ECMWF Reanalysis Data
Authors: von Engeln Axel , Teixeira João
Published: March 2013

A planetary boundary layer (PBL) height climatology from ECMWF reanalysis data is generated and analyzed. Different methods are first compared to derive PBL heights from atmospheric temperature, pressure, and relative humidity (RH), which mostly make use of profile gradients, for example, in RH, refractivity, and virtual or potential temperature. Three methods based on the vertical gradient of RH, virtual temperature, and potential temperature were selected for the climatology generation. The RH-based method appears to capture the inversion that caps the convective boundary layer very well as a result of its temperature and humidity dependence, while the temperature-based methods appear to capture the PBL better at high latitudes. A validation of the reanalysis fields with collocated radiosonde data shows generally good agreement in terms of mean PBL height and standard deviation for the RH-based method. The generated ECMWF-based PBL height climatology shows many of the expected climatological features, such as a fairly low PBL height near the west coast of continents where stratus clouds are found and PBL growth as the air is advected over warmer waters toward the tropics along the trade winds. Large seasonal and diurnal variations are primarily found over land. The PBL height can exceed 3 km, mostly over desert areas during the day, although large values can also be found in areas such as the ITCZ. The robustness of the statistics was analyzed by using information on the percentage of outliers. Here in particular, the sea-based PBL was found to be very stable.
Constraining the Ratio of Global Warming to Cumulative CO2 Emissions Using CMIP5 Simulations*
Authors: Gillett Nathan P. , Arora Vivek K. , Matthews Damon , Allen Myles R.
Published: March 2013

The ratio of warming to cumulative emissions of carbon dioxide has been shown to be approximately independent of time and emissions scenarios and directly relates emissions to temperature. It is therefore a potentially important tool for climate mitigation policy. The transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE), defined as the ratio of global-mean warming to cumulative emissions at CO2 doubling in a 1% yr−1 CO2 increase experiment, ranges from 0.8 to 2.4 K EgC−1 in 15 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5)—a somewhat broader range than that found in a previous generation of carbon–climate models. Using newly available simulations and a new observational temperature dataset to 2010, TCRE is estimated from observations by dividing an observationally constrained estimate of CO2-attributable warming by an estimate of cumulative carbon emissions to date, yielding an observationally constrained 5%–95% range of 0.7–2.0 K EgC−1.
The Present and Future of the West African Monsoon: A Process-Oriented Assessment of CMIP5 Simulations along the AMMA Transect
Authors: Roehrig Romain , Bouniol Dominique , Guichard Francoise , Hourdin Frédéric , Redelsperger Jean-Luc
Published: March 2013

The present assessment of the West African monsoon in the models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phase 5 (CMIP5) indicates little evolution since the third phase of CMIP (CMIP3) in terms of both biases in present-day climate and climate projections.

The outlook for precipitation in twenty-first-century coupled simulations exhibits opposite responses between the westernmost and eastern Sahel. The spread in the trend amplitude, however, remains large in both regions. Besides, although all models predict a spring and summer warming of the Sahel that is 10%–50% larger than the global warming, their temperature response ranges from 0 to 7 K.

CMIP5 coupled models underestimate the monsoon decadal variability, but SST-imposed simulations succeed in capturing the recent partial recovery of monsoon rainfall. Coupled models still display major SST biases in the equatorial Atlantic, inducing a systematic southward shift of the monsoon. Because of these strong biases, the monsoon is further evaluated in SST-imposed simulations along the 10°W–10°E African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) transect, across a range of time scales ranging from seasonal to intraseasonal and diurnal fluctuations.

The comprehensive set of observational data now available allows an in-depth evaluation of the monsoon across those scales, especially through the use of high-frequency outputs provided by some CMIP5 models at selected sites along the AMMA transect. Most models capture many features of the African monsoon with varying degrees of accuracy. In particular, the simulation of the top-of-atmosphere and surface energy balances, in relation with the cloud cover, and the intermittence and diurnal cycle of precipitation demand further work to achieve a reasonable realism.
Superfund Me: A Study of Resistance to Gentrification in New York City
Authors: Pearsall Hamil
Published: March 2013

Municipal governments have incorporated brownfield redevelopment programmes into urban sustainability plans to encourage the redevelopment of these sites into productive uses. The combination of government support and developer initiatives indicates potential for the gentrification of brownfields. However, developer proposals to expedite the conversion of contaminated properties along the Gowanus Canal in New York City into residential and commercial venues resulted in the addition of the canal to the US National Priorities List (NPL) of uncontrolled hazardous sites, rendering the site less attractive to developers. It is argued that the listing process became an effective tool in the struggle to resist gentrification in the Gowanus Canal neighbourhood. Place stigmatisation slowed developer-driven redevelopment and the NPL designation allows for a comprehensive remediation approach and increases opportunities for community input. This study provides an interesting case study of resistance to developer-driven ‘smart-city’ planning that represents a meaningful departure from neoliberal urbanism.
Seeing Red Over Green: Contesting Urban Sustainabilities in China
Authors: Pow C. P. , Neo Harvey
Published: March 2013

The urban sustainability agenda is engaged at some levels with the two concepts of ecological modernisation and urban entrepreneurialism. While they share certain important commonalities (for example, the emphasis on what is normatively understood as ‘right’ policy-making), each has largely progressed on its own intellectual trajectory. It is suggested that the concepts of ecological modernisation and urban entrepreneurialism are crystallised and concretised in the idea(l) form of the ‘eco-city’ through the search for an ‘urban sustainability fix’ in urban China. Although the idea of constructing an ‘eco-city’ has been mooted since the 1980s, the concept remains somewhat elusive and controversial for a number of reasons. First, while its physical form and design appeal have often been promoted by urban planners, architects and government officials, the deeper normative tenets of building an eco-city are surprisingly ignored. Secondly, the lack of an ‘actually existing’ or successfully implemented eco-city project suggests the considerable amount of resistance and difficulties (in terms of planning, politics, economic costs, etc.) that the concept encounters in practice. To that end, the paper examines various green urban initiatives in reform China before focusing on the example of Shanghai’s Dongtan eco-city project (an entrepreneurial urban prestige-project jointly developed by the British and Chinese governments) to examine the challenges and contradictions of an urban sustainability fix in the guise of eco-city building in China.
Building a “Family-Friendly” Metropolis
Authors: Howard Clayton
Published: March 2013

This article explores the role normative sexuality played in housing policies in the San Francisco Bay Area after World War II. Beginning in the 1940s, policymakers made it easier for married Americans to acquire mortgages and excluded most people who deviated from sexual norms from the suburban housing market. Their efforts encouraged Americans to wed and pulled many middle-class married couples out of urban centers like San Francisco. During the 1960s, city leaders used federal funds to displace unmarried residents and to make urban areas competitive with the suburbs. Redevelopment, however, never reversed suburban growth, and the uneven nature of this process created two significant outcomes. First, suburbanization concentrated large numbers of unmarried people, including many gay men and lesbians, in places like San Francisco and facilitated the sexual revolution. Second, metropolitan expansion reinforced the notion that heterosexual norms were nearly universal by creating almost exclusive pockets of married people in the newest suburbs.
Parent–Adolescent Decision Making
Authors: Bell Nancy J. , Baron Emilia , Corson Kimberly , Kostina-Ritchey Erin , Frederick Helyne
Published: March 2013

Contemporary research on parent–adolescent decision making has been concerned with decision outcomes and has viewed these outcomes as indicators of adolescent autonomy. We offer an alternative, dialogical perspective, which directs attention to how adolescents and parents co-construct a decision. The analysis is based on parent and daughter narrations of an important school choice—the decision to apply to a new college-preparatory middle school for girls. By highlighting the decision process in three families, we illustrate how co-construction of a decision can differ even among families who would be classified in the same way on the commonly used outcome assessment. We also question the concept of adolescent decision-making “autonomy” in that it has fostered a disregard for the rich dialogical context of all decision making.
Ecological Influences of Early Childhood Obesity
Authors: Boonpleng Wannaporn , Park Chang Gi , Gallo Agatha M. , Corte Colleen , McCreary Linda , Bergren Martha Dewey
Published: March 2013

This study aims to determine the contributing factors for early childhood overweight/obesity within the contexts of the child’s home, school, and community, and to determine how much each of the ecological contexts contributes to childhood overweight/obesity. The framework was developed from Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory. Data for 2,100 children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort, were used in a series of multilevel modeling analyses. There was significant variation in childhood overweight/obesity by school and community. The majority of variation in childhood overweight/obesity was explained by the child and family factors in addition to school and community factors. Explained variance of childhood overweight/obesity at the school level was 27% and at the community level, 2%. The variance composition at children’s family level alone was 71%. Therefore, overweight/obesity prevention efforts should focus primarily on child, family, and school factors and then community factors, to be more effective.
Downregulation of pigment epithelium-derived factor in condyloma acuminatum
Authors: Dong Yu-hao , Li Zi-quan , Sun Yi , Zhuang Le , Wang Yu-kun , Sun Qing
Published: March 2013

Objectives

To investigate pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) mRNA and protein levels in condyloma acuminatum, and their relationship with angiogenesis and keratinocyte proliferation.

Methods

Lesions from male patients with condyloma acuminatum and skin from healthy male (control) subjects were collected. Levels of PEDF protein and its corresponding mRNA (SERPINF1) were determined via Western blotting and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and CD34 was performed to calculate keratinocyte proliferation index (PI) and microvessel density (MVD), respectively.

Results

Levels of both PEDF protein and SERPINF1 mRNA were significantly lower in lesions from patients with condyloma acuminatum ( n = 30) than in skin from healthy control subjects ( n = 30). There were significant negative correlations between PEDF levels and both PI and MVD.

Conclusions

The reduction in PEDF levels in condyloma acuminatum was associated with an increase in angiogenesis and cell proliferation. PEDF may be involved in the pathogenesis of condyloma acuminatum.
Deaf Mothers and Breastfeeding
Authors: Chin Nancy P. , Cuculick Jessica , Starr Matthew , Panko Tiffany , Widanka Holly , Dozier Ann
Published: March 2013

Background:

Deaf mothers who use American Sign Language (ASL) consider themselves a linguistic minority group, with specific cultural practices. Rarely has this group been engaged in infant-feeding research.

Objectives:

To understand how Deaf mothers who use ASL learn about infant feeding and to identify their breastfeeding challenges.

Methods:

Using a community-based participatory research approach, we conducted 4 focus groups with Deaf mothers who had at least 1 child 0-5 years old. A script was developed using a social ecological model (SEM) to capture multiple levels of influence. All groups were conducted in ASL, filmed, and transcribed into English. Deaf and hearing researchers analyzed data by coding themes within each SEM level.

Results:

Fifteen mothers participated. All had initiated breastfeeding with their most recent child. Breastfeeding duration for 8 of the mothers was 3 weeks to 12 months. Seven of the mothers were still breastfeeding, the longest for 19 months. Those mothers who breastfed longer described a supportive social environment and the ability to surmount challenges. Participants described characteristics of Deaf culture such as direct communication, sharing information, use of technology, language access through interpreters and ASL-using providers, and strong self-advocacy skills. Finally, mothers used the sign for “struggle” to describe their breastfeeding experience. The sign implies a sustained effort over time that leads to success.

Conclusion:

In a setting with a large population of Deaf women and ASL-using providers, we identified several aspects of Deaf culture and language that support breastfeeding mothers across institutional, community, and interpersonal levels of the SEM.
Duration of Cisplatin Excretion in Breast Milk
Authors: Hays Karen E. , Ryu Rachel J. , Swisher Elizabeth M. , Reed Eddie , McManus Terry , Rybeck Blanche , Petros William P. , Hebert Mary F.
Published: March 2013

Cisplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapy agent, is commonly used in treating cancers that may affect women of childbearing age, including cervical cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and pediatric tumors in adolescents. The authors found that platinum was undetectable in breast milk at 66 hours and beyond following a 70-mg dose of intravenous cisplatin. Relative infant dose of platinum was calculated to be between 0.29% and 0.40% of the maternal dose corrected for body weight. This case demonstrates minimal exposure to platinum via breast milk, following a single 70-mg intravenous dose of cisplatin.
Enacting children’s citizenship: Developing understandings of how children enact themselves as citizens through actions and Acts of citizenship
Authors: Larkins Cath
Published: March 2013

Children have an unsettled relationship with the status of citizenship, being given some rights, responsibilities and opportunities for participation, and being denied others. Yet if citizenship is conceived of as a practice, children can be firmly seen as citizens in the sense that they are social actors, negotiating and contributing to relationships of social interdependence. This article develops understandings of children’s agency in citizenship and some of the different ways in which children’s actions enact them as interdependent citizens. It presents one aspect of the understanding of citizenship generated from research with six groups of marginalized children, aged 5–13, in Wales and France. Synthesizing the research groups’ descriptions of activities they associated with the component parts of citizenship with citizenship theory, these children can be seen to engage in actions of citizenship that include making rules of social existence, furthering social good and exercising freedoms to achieve their own rights. Their activities also transgress the boundaries of existing balances of rights, responsibilities and statuses, through their (mis)behaviour, in ways that can be interpreted as Acts of citizenship. In children’s everyday activities, however, the distinction between actions and Acts of citizenship can at times be blurred. This is because recognizing aspects of children’s practices as citizenship is a challenge to dominant definitions of citizenship, and claims a new status for children. Exploring children’s citizenship in these ways has the potential to widen understandings of participation and appreciation of broader aspects of children’s agency in citizenship.
Lymph Node Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Prieto-Granada Carlos , Setia Namrata , Otis Christopher N.
Published: March 2013

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) develops as a compensatory mechanism associated with hematologic processes but it may occur in association with chemotherapy. Three cases of EMH arising in axillary lymph nodes following neoadjuvant therapy for breast carcinoma are reported herein. Three women ranging in age from 41 to 47 years presented with unilateral breast masses measuring 0.6 to 4.0 cm in greatest dimension and were diagnosed with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, grade III by core needle biopsies. Two of the tumors were triple negative and one was estrogen receptor positive. All patients subsequently received neoadjuvant therapy followed by lumpectomies. No residual carcinoma was identified in postchemotherapy breast resection specimens. One patient underwent a sentinel lymph node procedure, the second patient an axillary lymph node dissection, and the third patient had a core biopsy of an enlarged axillary lymph node. The patient that underwent axillary lymph node dissection had metastatic carcinoma in one of her lymph nodes. Foci of EMH consisting of myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic precursors were present within the nodal parenchyma and/or subcapsular sinuses of axillary lymph nodes of all three cases. Megakaryocytes were immunoreactive with factor VIII, erythroid elements with Glycophorin and myeloid precursors with myeloperoxidase. With increasing use of neoadjuvant therapy for breast carcinoma, EMH within lymph nodes is more likely to be encountered. Hematopoietic precursors present in lymph nodes may potentially be misdiagnosed as metastatic tumor cells, particularly as lobular carcinoma or metaplastic carcinoma. Therefore, caution should be exercised when evaluating axillary lymph nodes in the clinical setting of neoadjuvant therapy for breast carcinoma.
Primary Care Physicians’ Attitudes Regarding Collaborating With Home-Based Depression Care Managers
Authors: Gum Amber M. , Greene Jennifer , DeMuth Anne , Dautovich Natalie D.
Published: March 2013

Home-based case managers face many challenges to collaborating with primary care physicians, including for management of depression. To obtain physicians’ perspectives regarding optimal collaboration strategies, we conducted a mail survey of randomly selected primary care physicians ( N = 74). The survey described a home-based depression care management program to be delivered by case managers and assessed physicians’ preferred collaboration strategies. Most respondents perceived the services described as useful, including having the case manager send a list of medications and send psychotropic medication recommendations per consulting psychiatrist. Most physicians reported being likely to read a written summary sent by the case manager, reply, and send it back to the case manager. Preferred communication procedures varied widely. By considering physicians’ preferences, case managers may enhance collaboration.
Early Childhood Teachers’ Use of Effective Instructional Practices and the Collateral Effects on Young Children’s Behavior
Authors: Conroy Maureen A. , Sutherland Kevin S. , Vo Abigail K. , Carr Staci , Ogston Paula L.
Published: March 2013

This investigation examined the effects of a classroom-based intervention, Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Training: Competent Learners Achieving School Success (BEST in CLASS), on teacher behaviors and child outcomes in early childhood classrooms. First, we examined the effects of professional development training and practice-based coaching (including performance feedback) on teachers’ implementation and maintenance of the BEST in CLASS model practices. Next, we examined the effects of teachers’ implementation of these practices on young children’s engagement and problem behaviors. Using a descriptive nonexperimental design, 10 teachers and 19 children received the intervention. Findings indicated that teachers’ use of the BEST in CLASS practices including rules, precorrection, opportunities to respond, behavior-specific praise, and instructive and corrective feedback increased from baseline to completion of the intervention and these increases maintained. In addition, children’s engagement increased while their problem behaviors decreased. Although these results are promising, the current investigation has limitations and the results should be viewed with caution.
Scratching behaviour and its features: a questionnaire-based study in an Italian sample of domestic cats
Authors: Mengoli Manuel , Mariti Chiara , Cozzi Alessandro , Cestarollo Elisa , Lafont-Lecuelle Céline , Pageat Patrick , Gazzano Angelo
Published: March 2013

Scratching behaviour in cats is described as a normal expression of the feline ethogram, having different possible purposes related to visual and chemical communication. During behavioural consultations owners often mention scratching as an additional problem. This preliminary study aimed to understand the characteristics of this complex behaviour by examining the variables displayed by a sample of the Italian feline population using multiple correspondence analysis. One hundred and twenty-eight cats were screened by means of a questionnaire to identify features of their scratching behaviour. Our data showed the importance of both the presence/absence of a scratching post in the cat’s living area and its relationship to marking. When a scratching post is present in a cat’s living area, the cat appears to use it. Some aspects related to sex, neutering, age and environmental characteristics may modify the expression of scratching as a marking behaviour. Research has led to increased knowledge of this behaviour and may help veterinarians in describing to owners why it is important for cats to express scratching behaviour in their environment. Such information could help veterinarians and owners to recognise normal and problematic scratching behaviours.
Numerical estimation of wear in reciprocating tribological experiments
Authors: Ilincic S , Vernes A , Vorlaufer G , Hunger H , Dörr N , Franek F
Published: March 2013

In order to numerically simulate the contact pressure distribution and area during sliding when wear occurs, the combined finite element method and boundary element method (FEM–BEM) developed by the authors is extended based on a linear wear law merged with the space- and time-resolved cumulative dissipated frictional energy. In each computed time step, the dissipated frictional energy and the wear rate are determined. Simultaneously, the topography of surfaces in contact are updated after every sliding cycle, providing for each sliding cycle a new input for BEM which is consequently used to redetermine the contact pressure distribution. The numerical results obtained with the proposed FEM–BEM algorithm are found to match qualitatively well with the amount of wear observed in high-frequency reciprocating rig experiments. This demonstrates the suitability of the FEM–BEM contact scheme for wear applications.
Barriers and facilitators to effective type 2 diabetes management in a rural context: A qualitative study with diabetic patients and health professionals
Authors: Jones Laura , Crabb Shona , Turnbull Deborah , Oxlad Melissa
Published: March 2013

Although effective type 2 diabetes management is essential for the prevention of complications, it is rarely carried out. Type 2 diabetes deaths in rural areas are higher than in metropolitan areas. A focus group ( n = 8) and telephone interviews with patients ( n = 10), and telephone interviews with health professionals ( n = 18) in rural areas were conducted to examine this issue in a rural context. Inductive thematic analysis was used to generate 13 themes of barriers and facilitators to type 2 diabetes management at intrapersonal (denial of the illness, motivation, knowledge and skills and lack of time), interpersonal (stress and relationships), organisational (access to recommended foods, transport, health professionals, and exercise options) and societal (engagement and societal attitudes) levels of influence. Across all themes, participants highlighted the difficulty of maintaining management behaviours.
Private lives of public women: Photos of sex workers (minus the sex) in South Korea
Authors: Cheng Sealing
Published: March 2013

We mostly learn about women in prostitution through representation by non-sex-workers: activists, policy-makers, journalists, and academics. What comes through are often hypersexualized and essentialized images of sex workers as either victims or agents. This dichotomy not only essentializes their lives but also undermines women as partners for engagement. Against this background, what could be learned from photographs taken by women in prostitution of their everyday lives? How do they supplement or challenge existing discourses of prostitution? What do the photographers and viewers get out of such an endeavor? And finally, what do the quotidian aspects of life have to do with research on sex work and sexuality in general? These are some of the questions this essay raises through the author’s experience of organizing an exhibition of photographs taken by women in a South Korean red-light district in 2009. The project took place at a time when these women’s lives were undergoing dramatic change at the intersection of neoliberal development and anti-trafficking projects, materialized in the demolition of the red-light district and increasing criminalization of prostitution in South Korea. Between October 2009 and April 2010, 40 of these photographs went on a traveling exhibition “Our Lives, Our Space: Views of Women in a Red-Light District” on the east coast of the USA. This article discusses some of the impact that the exhibition has had on its viewers and the photographers. It concludes by suggesting how a study of prostitution “minus the sex” could point to new avenues of sexuality studies.
Si-nais talking dirty: Hong Kong middle-class working mothers on- and offline
Authors: Chan Annie Hau-nung
Published: March 2013

Based on participant observation and content analysis of a web-based community of Hong Kong middle-class working mothers, I discuss narratives of ‘ si-naihood’ (married motherhood), which have emerged from their online and offline interactions. This web-based space-time provided an unusual window into the multiplicities of motherhood articulation. The study found that although traditional motherhood narratives predominated, alternative narratives, which have emerged through ‘talking-dirty’, banter and teasing throw light on how sexual selves and si-naihood are articulated. While more or less routinely and consciously reproducing traditionally defined ‘ si-naihood’, their performance occasionally ‘let slip’ and revealed the arduous yet fragile nature of this identity. Issues emerging from my role as ‘accidental researcher’ as well as the socio-cultural trajectory of the identity of si-nai in 21st-century Hong Kong are also discussed.
Researching with a broken arm: Finding sisterhood in injury
Authors: Ho Petula Sik Ying
Published: March 2013

After an accident, the author and researcher of this article had a period of serious contemplation and decided to take positive transformative action over the long year of her rehabilitation. Her broken arm highlighted her vulnerability as a researcher, but opened new doorways to navigating different methods of research, documentation and presentation of lived experiences. This injury was not only the means to draw attention and participation in research, but also an invitation to share our vulnerabilities in ordinarily daily lives and to see charm in wounds, whether they are visible or invisible. We all have memories of suffering that have gone unrecognized and unreconciled. Autobiography through documentary films is one way of validating suffering and aestheticizing pain directly or vicariously through the sharing of experiences.
Shades of gay: Performance of girl-on-girl pornography and mobile authenticities
Authors: Webber Valerie
Published: March 2013

Sexuality is often considered to be ‘naturally’ derived, and thus subject to discourses of authenticity. Through a discussion with non-exclusively heterosexual women performing lesbian sexuality in pornography, this article seeks to complicate ideas surrounding performance and authenticity. I argue that performance itself, by reiterating certain culturally salient codes, determines what is generally viewed as ‘authentic’. In addition, I argue that ‘authenticity’ is a mobile descriptor that may or may not be applied to a participant’s sex-work performances for reasons that go far beyond simple consistency between off- and on-camera sex acts.
A diachronic-functional approach to explaining grammatical patterns in code-switching: Postmodification in Cantonese–English noun phrases
Authors: Chan Brian Hok-Shing
Published: March 2013

One major controversy in the study of code-switching (CS) has been the treatment of structural regularities or patterns. Formal approaches attribute these patterns to syntactic constraints or models that are independent of socio-pragmatic or discourse factors, and hence they fall short of accounting for the variation and diachrony of CS constructions. Functional approaches call for due consideration of inter- and intra-speaker variation and discourse or processing factors, but they do not seem to go very far in pinpointing precisely what factors motivate a particular structural pattern. This paper attempts to integrate these two approaches in examining an emergent pattern in Cantonese–English CS in which postmodifying phrases are attested with English prepositions. The form of the construction may well be captured by some version of the Null Theory, but nonetheless it has little to say about why it is a new and variant pattern in Cantonese–English CS. This paper suggests that the construction is prompted by discourse factors such as salience, information status (i.e. given versus new) and heaviness (of the modifying noun phrase); typological differences (i.e. word order difference between Cantonese and English) and syntactic properties of words (such as prepositions) also have a role to play. Diachronically, this paper suggests that the construction evolves from a continuous English noun phrase with a further switch, which this paper terms “reinsertion”, within this noun phrase. Variants and possible changes of this postmodifier construction are also discussed in the light of “reinsertion” and “schematization”.
Examining Characteristics of Congregation Members Willing to Attend Health Promotion in African American Churches
Authors: Odulana Adebowale A. , Kim Mimi M. , Isler Malika Roman , Green Melissa A. , Taylor Yhenneko J. , Howard Daniel L. , Godley Paul A. , Corbie-Smith Giselle
Published: March 2013

Background. Although churches are an important partner for improving health within the African American community, it is not known how congregants are best reached by health promotion activities and thus how best to target members in recruitment. This study examined how characteristics of churches and congregants’ beliefs and interests in faith-based health promotion related to their willingness to attend church-based health promotion activities. Method. We surveyed adult congregants ( n = 1,204) of 11 predominately African American churches in North Carolina. Surveys collected data within four domains: demographics (age, sex, education), behavioral (church attendance, respondent food choices, and physical activity), cognitive (church-based health promotion belief, Bible-based healthy living interest, healthy living resource interest), or environmental (family health, church travel distance, church health ministry activity, church members’ food choices). Analyses used a dichotomous outcome, interest in attending programs offered by the health ministry. Domain-specific models were constructed. Logistic generalized estimating equations adjusted for clustering. Results. Of the 1,204 congregants, 72% were female, 57% were 50 years or older, 84% had a high school education or more, and 77% had a chronic health condition. In bivariate analyses and in models adjusting for all four domains, cognitive factors had the highest odds of willingness to attend. Conclusion. Congregants’ belief in the church’s role in health promotion and their desire to learn about healthy behaviors highlight the role of the African American church as a partner in addressing health disparities and the need to capitalize on this expectation through stronger partnerships between medical and faith communities.
Changing Strategies to Treat Venous Thrombotic Occlusions of the Upper and Lower Extremities Secondary to Compressive Phenomena
Authors: Spivack Adam , Troutman Doug , Dougherty Matthew , Calligaro Keith
Published: March 2013

Objectives:

We reviewed our strategies during the last decade for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the upper extremity due to thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) andthe lower extremity.

Methods:

Between 1998 and 2011, we treated 31 patients with 18 subclavian DVTs and 13 iliac DVTs. Management included catheter-directed thrombolysis compared to mechanical thrombolysis (MT; post 2006). Prior to 2006, patients with TOS were treated with total excision of the first rib compared to excision of the anterior half of the rib. Patients were followed up with serial duplex ultrasounds.

Results:

There was no major morbidity and no mortality in these 31 patients. Three patients developed recurrent DVT but maintained patency after further treatment.

Conclusion:

Use of MT has led to shorter treatment duration and length of hospital stay. Limiting first rib resection to the anterior half of the rib shortened operative time. Patients requiring stents had excellent long-term patency rates.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Training in Skills Transfer for Novices Performing a Simulated NOTES Task
Authors: Nehme Jean , Sodergren Mikael Hans , Sugden Colin , Aggarwal Rajesh , Gillen Sonja , Feussner Huburtus , Yang Guang-Zhong , Darzi Ara
Published: March 2013

Background. The NOSCAR white paper lists training as an important step to the safe clinical application of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate whether training novices in either a laparoscopic or endoscopic simulator curriculum would affect performance in a NOTES simulator task. Methods. A total of 30 third-year medical undergraduates were recruited. They were randomized to 3 groups: no training (control; n = 10), endoscopy training on a validated colonoscopy simulator protocol (n = 10), and training on a validated laparoscopy simulator curriculum (n = 10). All participants subsequently completed a simulated NOTES task, consisting of 7 steps, on the ELITE (endoscopic-laparoscopic interdisciplinary training entity) model. Performance was assessed as time taken to complete individual steps, overall task time, and number of errors. Results. The endoscopy group was significantly faster than the control group at accessing the peritoneal cavity through the gastric incision (median 27 vs 78 s; P = .015), applying diathermy to the base of the appendix (median 103.5 vs 173 s; P = .014), and navigating to the gallbladder (median 76 vs 169.5 s; P = .049). Endoscopy participants completed the full NOTES procedure in a shorter time than the laparoscopy group (median 863 vs 2074 s; P < .001). Conclusion. This study highlights the importance of endoscopic training for a simulated NOTES task that involves both navigation and resection with operative maneuvers. Although laparoscopic training confers some benefit for operative steps such as applying diathermy to the gallbladder fossa, this was not as beneficial as training in endoscopy.
Legacies of the Korean War: Transforming ancestral rituals in South Korea
Authors: Kwon Heonik
Published: March 2013

The radical bipolarization between the left and the right during the global Cold War was manifested in places such as postcolonial Korea in terms of civil strife and war, in which achieving national unity became equivalent to excising one or the other side from the body politic. In this context, the political history of right and left is not to be considered separately from the history of the human lives and social institutions torn apart by it. Focusing on a village in Jeju and a few other communities in South Korea, this essay explores how the people of these communities today strive to reconcile with their turbulent past and come to terms with the complications in interpersonal and communal relations caused by the war.