bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizacija i upravljanje zbirkama građe u knjižnicama škola koje provode nastavu na manjinskim jezicima u Republici Hrvatskoj
Authors: Lazić Bojan , Aparac Jelušić Tatjana
Published: October 2018

Cilj. Cilj je rada predstaviti rezultate provedenog istraživanja o organizaciji i upravljanju zbirkama građe na manjinskim pismima i jezicima u hrvatskim školskim knjižnicama koje izvode nastavu na temelju stručnih preporuka i standarda te usvojenih obrazovnih modela i programa za nacionalne manjine. Istraživanjem se nastojalo saznati zadovoljavaju li postojeće zbirke u školskim knjižnicama potrebe svojih korisnika pripadnika nacionalnih manjina te na koji se način i uz koje poteškoće upravlja manjinskim zbirkama u školskim knjižnicama, kao i otkriti poteškoće u nabavi predmetne građe

Pristup. Polazeći od saznanja da su organizacija i upravljanje knjižničnim zbirkama za nacionalne manjine otežani, osobito u odnosu na pribavljanje građe i upoznatost školskih knjižničara s jezikom i pismom pripadnika nacionalne manjine kojoj pružaju usluge, provedeno je online istraživanje među školskim knjižničarima koji svakodnevno rade s knjižničnom građom, pružaju informacije i organiziraju različite programe.

Rezultati. Rezultati istraživanja predstavljeni u ovom radu jasno upućuju na činjenicu da je knjižnična građa na jeziku i pismu nacionalnih manjina u obrazovnom sustavu u Republici Hrvatskoj uglavnom nedostatna, a uslijed nedostatka iste na tržištu, kao i izostanka kontinuiranih i kvalitetnih izvora financiranja njezine nabave, ujedno i teško dostupna krajnjim korisnicima.

Praktična primjena. Teza o unapređenju dostupnosti predmetne građe u digitalnom obliku koju predlažu autori ovoga rada nameće se kao najlogičnije i dugoročno najekonomičnije rješenje koje je u ovom trenutku moguće ponuditi, iako ni to nije dovoljno za pokrivanje svih potreba nastavnog procesa u školama u kojima se nastava izvodi na jeziku i pismu nacionalnih manjina zbog nedovoljne opremljenosti informacijsko-telekomunikacijskom tehnologijom te obučenosti za rad s novim medijima, e-učenje i slično.

Društveni značaj. Na osnovi proučene zakonodavne osnove, međunarodnih i domaćih stručnih preporuka i standarda, stručne literature te analize odgovora koje su ispitanici dali tijekom istraživanja, predlažu se koraci za poboljšanje kvalitete rada u školskim knjižnicama u školama s nastavom na manjinskom jeziku u Republici Hrvatskoj.

Originalnost. Provedeno istraživanje donosi dosad neobjavljene i korisne podatke na osnovi kojih se zaključuje o potrebnim iskoracima te ukazuje na probleme vrijedne daljnjih istraživačkih napora.
Hrvatski skupni katalog Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu te knjižnica iz sustava znanosti i visokog obrazovanja
Authors: Machala Dijana
Published: October 2018

Cilj. Rad ima za cilj prikazati model skupnog kataloga hrvatskih visokoškolskih knjižnica u kontekstu pitanja tehničke, semantičke te organizacijske interoperabilnosti.1

Pristup. U radu se problematizira svojevrsna kriza tradicionalnih knjižničnih kataloga u segmentu tehničkih, ali i normativnih pretpostavki te se izlažu perspektive razvoja skupnih kataloga u kontekstu procesa digitalne transformacije suvremenih knjižnica.

Metodologija. Na prikazu modela skupnog kataloga analiziraju se pitanja interoperabilnosti procesa pronalaženja informacija iz distribuiranih baza knjižničnih kataloga te dijeljenih informacijskih izvora.

Rezultati. Rad zastupa tezu o nužnosti holističkog pristupa, tj. primjeni svojevrsnog okvira za interoperabilnost, ključnog za funkcionalnu uspostavu složenog informacijskog sustava, a koji bi obuhvatio tehničku, semantičku i procesnu, tj. organizacijsku interoperabilnost.

Vrijednost. Rad može biti od vrijednosti svima koji se teorijski ili praktično bave pitanjima pronalaženja informacijskih izvora, ali i knjižničnom suradnjom.
Formalno obrazovanje knjižničara
Authors: Lubina Tihana , Erl Šafar Marija
Published: October 2018

Cilj. Rad daje sažet povijesni pregled formalnog obrazovanja knjižničara koje će od svojih početaka, a posebice posljednjih desetljeća, doživljavati značajne promjene na planu organizacije i realizacije nastavnih programa.

Metodologija. Metodološki pristup temi ogleda se u istraživanju literature vezane uz razvoj knjižničarskoga obrazovanja, sintezi tih dosadašnjih istraživanja, povezivanju iskustava različitih autora i kritičkom promišljanju o temi.

Rezultati. Uvidom u relevantnu znanstvenu i stručnu ishodišnu literaturu uočeno je da je sama kurikularna jezgra obrazovnih programa prolazila kroz različite mijene: od knjižnične ekonomije i početne usmjerenosti na knjižnicu kao centralnu ustanovu pa sve do implementacije informacijske tehnologije koja je iznjedrila potrebu za novim profesionalnim profilima. Današnji je sustav obrazovanja knjižničara u Europi pak ustrojen na način da prati zahtjeve Bolonjskoga procesa, što svakako doprinosi kako informacijskoj i komunikacijskoj znanosti tako i društvu znanja u cjelini.

Vrijednost. Rad naglašava vrijednosti i napredak formalnog obrazovanja knjižničara kako u teoriji tako i u praksi, odnosno stavlja naglasak na primjere dobre prakse koji bi trebali poslužiti kao smjernice u budućem obrazovanju knjižničara.
Adolescent information behaviour in everyday life decision making
Authors: Kolarić Alica , Cool Colleen , Stričević Ivanka
Published: October 2018

Purpose. Within the field of information science, adolescent information behaviour as a part of the general decision making process is a relatively under-examined area. The way adolescents interact with information when making decisions influences decision outcomes and consequently affects their lives. Therefore, the study of information behaviour in the decision making process is an important area for research development. The goal of this paper is to take a step to advance research in this direction by reviewing what has been learnt and offering directions for future work.

Methodology. The existing publications reporting the research on adolescent information behaviour related to making everyday life decisions within the information science field were investigated using content analysis methodology. Twenty articles were selected and analysed in the following aspects: information behaviour, including information seeking, passive information acquisition and information avoidance, information sources, barriers to information seeking, information use and affective experiences.

Findings. It was found that the research on the topic of decision making within the information science field is scarce. Few studies focus specifically on adolescent information behaviour for making everyday life decisions and they consider only one specific decision situation. The existing work reveals that adolescents employ a wide range of information behaviour when making decisions in everyday life, both active and passive: information seeking, passive information acquisition which encompasses passive search and passive attention, community approach, deferring information seeking and information avoidance. They use a variety of information sources, and source selection depends on internal and external factors. They face barriers which impede information seeking and use information to increase knowledge on decision situations and therefore help the decision making process. Adolescent information behaviour in this context proved to be accompanied with affective experiences.

Limitations. Some limitations of the study refer to the coverage of the literature from the information science field, to the selection of the relevant literature and to summarizing of the findings given the limitations of the form, i.e. a single chapter.

Originality. This study tackles one of the barely touched areas in information science and youth information behaviour research and raises some important questions which need to be addressed.
Terörizm ve Nefret Suçları Arasındaki Tetikleme Etkisi
Authors: ERSOY Uğur
Published: October 2018

Literatürde, terörizm ve nefret suçları konusunda ayrı ayrı yapılmış çok sayıda çalışma olmasına karşın her iki konunun aynı anda ele alındığı, birbirleriyle olan ilişkilerinin, benzer ve farklı yönlerinin ortaya konulduğu çok az sayıda çalışma bulunduğu görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda söz konusu davranış şekillerinin aynı bütünün parçaları olup olmadığı veya terörizmle ilgili yapılan araştırmaların nefret suçları, nefret suçlarıyla ilgili yapılan araştırmaların terörizm açısından geçerli olup olmadığı, üzerinde düşünülmesi gereken önemli konulardır. Bu çalışmada, her biri başlı başına monografik bir araştırmanın konusunu oluşturabilecek genişlikte olan nefret suçları ve terörizm kavramları hakkında çalışmanın kapsamını aşmamak kaydıyla genel açıklamalarda bulunulacak, sonrasında ise bu davranış şekillerinin birbirleri üzerinde olan etkileri başka bir ifadeyle terörizmin nefret suçlarını, nefret suçlarının ise terörizmi tetikleyip tetiklemediği hususu ele alınacaktır. Türk doktrininde bu konuyla ilgili yapılmış herhangi bir çalışma bulunmadığından dolayı özellikle 11 Eylül 2001’de ABD’de ve 7 Temmuz 2005’te Londra’da gerçekleştirilen terör saldırılarının öncesinde ve sonrasında yaşananlar özelinde Anglo-Sakson hukuk literatüründe yapılan teorik ve ampirik araştırmalardan istifade edilecektir.
Uluslararası Silahlı Çatışmalarda Gazetecilerin ve Medya Araçlarının Korunması
Authors: DOST Süleyman
Published: October 2018

Günümüzde, teknoloji ve iletişimde yaşanan gelişmeler sayesinde uluslararası silahlı çatışmalar, çatışma bölgesinden neredeyse canlı yayınla kamuoyuna ulaştırılmaktadır. Bu durum o bölgede çalışan gazeteciler sayesinde gerçekleştirilmektedir. Ancak gazeteciler bu zor görevi yerine getirirken saldırıların hedefi olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle silahlı çatışma bölgesinde çalışan gazetecilerin ve medya araçlarının korunması önem taşımaktadır. Silahlı çatışma bölgelerinde iki tür gazeteci görev yapmaktadır: Savaş muhabiri ve tehlikeli profesyonel görevlerde bulunan gazeteciler. Savaş muhabirleri, 1949 Cenevre Sözleşmeleri’nde sadece yaralanma, hastalanma, kazazede olma ve esir düşme hali açısından düzenlenmiş, yakalandığında bu kişilere savaş esiri statüsü verileceği öngörülmüştür. Cenevre Sözleşmeleri’nde gazetecilerle ilgili, yerine getirdiği görev açısından bir düzenleme yapılmamıştır. 1977 tarihli Ek I. Protokol, silahlı çatışma bölgelerinde tehlikeli profesyonel görevlerde bulunan gazeteciler çatışmalara doğrudan katılmadıkça sivil olarak kabul edilmiştir. Ancak günümüzde değişen çatışma şartları yüzünden bu düzenlemelerin yetersiz kaldığı ileri sürülmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak ya mevcut düzenlemelerin farklı yorumları veya yeni gazeteci tanımları ile uluslararası silahlı çatışmalarda gazetecilerin korunması konusu tartışılmaktadır. Yürürlükteki insancıl hukuk kuralları, medya araçlarını kural olarak sivil mal olarak kabul etmektedir. Gelişen iletişim teknolojisi ile birlikte sayısı artan ve çeşitlenen medya araçlarının korunması konusu da güncelliğini korumaktadır. İşbu çalışmada insancıl hukuk açısından gazetecilerin ve medya araçlarının korunması ile ilgili mevcut düzenlemeler ve içerikleri ile yeni tanımlama, görüş ve önerileri ele alınacaktır.
Reporting and interpretation of results from clinical trials that did not claim a treatment difference
Authors: Gates Simon
Published: October 2018

Objectives: To describe and summarise the reporting of “non-significant” results in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and to estimate how commonly trial reports make erroneous claims of no treatment difference based on a non-statistically significant result.Design: Retrospective survey of published RCTs.Setting: Four high impact factor general medical journals, published between June 2016 and June 2017.Participants: Reports of randomised controlled trials that did not find a difference between the interventions they compared.Interventions: Not an interventional study.Primary and secondary outcome measures: We recorded the way each trial’s results for its primary outcome or outcomes were described in the Results and Conclusions sections of the Abstract, using a 10-category classification. We estimated the proportion of papers that made claims that were not justified by the results, or were open to multiple interpretations.Results: Eighty-five trial reports were included, reporting 111 treatment comparisons. The majority of papers made unjustified or confusing statements. In the Results section of abstracts, for 55/111 comparisons (49.5%) the study’s results were re-stated, without interpretation, and 34/111 (30.6%) stated that there was not a statistically significant difference. In the conclusions, 61/111 treatment comparisons (55%) stated that there was no treatment benefit, 14/111 (12.6%) that there was no significant benefit, and 13/111 (11.7%) that there was no significant difference. Conclusions: Despite decades of warnings, the error of concluding a lack of treatment benefit from a non-statistically significant result remains common.
IMPLEMENTASI COLLABORATIVE STRATEGIC READING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN EVALUATIF DAN APRESIATIFMAHASISWA
Authors: AFNITA
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keterbatasan kemampaun membaca pemahaman evaluative dan apresiatif mahasiswa STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hasil kemampuan membaca evaluatif dan aptresiatif mahasiswa yang diajarkan melalui Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan dengan mengikuti prosedur kerja model Kemmis & MC Taggart yang meliputi empat tahapan pokok per siklus, yaitu (1) perencanaan, (2) tindakan, (3) pengamatan, dan (4) refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan membaca pemahaman evaluatif mahasiswa meningkat. Nilai rata-rata pada pratindakan 47,8 naik menjadi 60,3 pada siklus pertama, dan 71,8 pada siklus kedua.Hal ini mengalami peningkatan sebesar 24%.Untuk pemahaman apresiatif juga mengalami peningkatan. Pada pratindakan nilai rata-ratanya 41,9 naik menjadi 53,4 pada siklus pertama dan naik lagi menjadi 66 pada siklus kedua. Kenaikan untuk dimensi ini mencapai 24,1%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses memahami bacaan mahasiswa menjadi lebih optimal serta kemampuan membaca avaluatif dan apresiatif mahasiswa meningkat setelah diterapkannya Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR). Dengan demikian, strategi ini bias menjadi alternatif dalam pembelajaran membaca, khususnya dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pemahaman evaluative dan apresiatif.
KESIAPAN MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI TATA BUSANA UNTUK BERWIRAUSAHA SETELAH MENGIKUTI PILOT PROYEK PRAKTIKUM MATAKULIAH USAHA BUSANA BERBANTUAN MODAL PINJAMAN
Authors: ernawatinazar
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan desain the one group pretest-posttest design untuk mengetahui peningkatan kesiapan berwirausaha mahasiswa Program studi Tata Busana UNP. Perlakuan berupa pilot proyek praktikum Matakuliah Manajemen Usaha Busana dengan model praktikum “Membuat usaha busana butik dan konveksi yang sesungguhnya”. Modal usaha diberikan dalam bentuk saham perusahaan kepada 40 mahasiswa responden berupa pinjaman yang harus dikembalikan setelah usaha memberikan keuntungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kesiapan berwirausaha mahasiswa meningkat secara signifikan setelah eksperimen
Menjadi Wartawan Handal dan Profesional
Authors: Ermanto Ermanto
Published: October 2018

Menjadi wartawan andal dan profesional
PENGARUH METODE SOMATIC AUDITORI VISUAL INTELLECTUAL DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS NASKAH DRAMA SISWA KELAS VIII MTsN KAYU KALEK KECAMATAN LENGAYANG KABUPATEN PESISIR SELATAN
Authors: Rahayu Alvi Fitri , Atmazaki Atmazaki , Abdurahman
Published: October 2018

Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh hasil keterampilan menulis naskah drama dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran Somatic Auditory Visual Intellectual ditinjau dari motivasi belajar siswa kelas VIII MTsN Kayu Kalek Kecamatan Lengayang Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan factorial design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 60 dengan menggunakan teknik purposive random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui angket dan tes. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan empat hal berikut. Pertama, keterampilan menulis naskah drama yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan metode SAVI lebih baik daripada siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan metode konvensional. Kedua, keterampilan menulis naskah dramasiswa yang memiliki motivasi belajar tinggi yang diajarkan dengan metode SAVI lebih baik daripada keterampilan menulis naskah drama siswa yang memiliki motivasi belajar tinggi yang diajarkan dengan metode konvensional. Ketiga, keterampilan menulis naskah drama siswa yang memiliki motivasi belajar rendah yang diajarkan dengan metode SAVI lebih baik daripada keterampilan menulisnaskah drama siswa yang memiliki motivasi belajar rendah yang diajarkan dengan metode konvensional. Keempat, tidak terdapat interaksi antara metode Somatic Audio Visual Intellectual (SAVI) dengan motivasi belajar dalammempengaruhi keterampilan menulis naskah drama.
Shifting the system of Indonesian word formation: the study of morphology and sociolinguistics of acronyms, blending, and clipping
Authors: Zaim M
Published: October 2018

The general guidelines of Indonesian word formation as annexed in appendix II of thereference standard of the Indonesian Grammar has not yet accommodated theIndonesian word formation system used by the Indonesian speakers today.Meanwhile, a new system of word formation began to emerge and the old paradigmshift in conjunction with the development of science and technology, and the changeof social, cultural, and political paradigm. As a result, the reference standard ofIndonesian grammar is no longer adequate to understand the system of the formationof the new words. Morphological studies, which analyze the internal structure of thewords can be used as a theoretical foundation to address the issues of the Indonesianword formation. From the other side, sociolinguistic studies, which analyze the link oflanguage with the language speakers in the community, can give meaning to the wordformation shift. This article discusses (1) the morphological shift of the Indonesianword formation system of acronyms, blending, and clipping, (2) the sociolinguisticfunctions of the word formation, and (3) the productivity of the word formationsystem. The study of the shift of word formation system revealed a shift in the way ofthinking and the way of looking at social, cultural, and political problems of theIndonesian speakers nowadays.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BLENDED LEARNING STRATEGY FORMULATION ON IMPLEMENTING CURRICULUM IN DEPARTMENT OF CURRICULUM AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AT PADANG STATE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Bentri Alwen , Rahmi Ulfia
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of formulation of blended learningvalidated and it’s practicality was counted from previous study. The model used for the overallstudy was ADDIE model of the five stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development,Implementation, and Evaluation. This second year was the implementation phase to test theeffectiveness of the formulation blended learning strategy on the School Curriculum Studiessubjects. The activity began with implementing the learning process using blended learningstrategy formulation with the formula of online learning and face-to-face 62.5% 37.5% appliedto 40 students. Based on data analysis has been conducted on students' final grades obtained bythe value of the t test at the 0.05 level of 0.032. This proved that there were significantdifferences between the results of learning to use the strategy formulation blended learning withface-to-face lectures on the implementation of the curriculum in the Department of Curriculumand Educational Technology. In other words, the strategy formulation of blended learning wasmore effective than lectures conducted by face-to-face. The implication of this study need to beformulated of combination formulations face to face and online learning based on thecharacteristics of lecture material.
A REVIEW WHAT IS HYDROTHERMAL ?
Authors: Putri Debby Firmantia , Ritonga Helmi Maulina , Murdiati Vivin , Zainul Rahadian
Published: October 2018

Hydrothermal merupakan suatu teknik pengkristalan dari temperatur tinggi pada keadaan campuran dan tekanan tinggi. Sintesis hydrothermal dapat juga didefinisikan metode yang menggunakan panas dan air. Pada praktiknya, metode ini melibatkan pemanasan reaktan dalam wadah tertutup (autoclave) menggunakan air. Dalam wadah tertutup, tekanan meningkat dan air tetap sebagai cairan. Ada beberapa metode hydrothermal yaitu reaksi hydrothermal,hidrolisis hydrothermal, metode elektrocemical hydrothermal, reactive elektrode submerged Arc, proses mechanocemical hydrothermal, proses hydrotermal microwave, metode sonochemical hydrothermal . Tujuan mereview ini untuk mengetahui kekurangan dan kelebihan dari metode hidrotermal pada pembentukan material
Pola Struktur dan Karakteristik Wacana Adat Tradisi Persembahan Kenduri Perkawinan dalam Bahasa Minangkabau
Authors: Juita Novia
Published: October 2018

This article discribes one of the Minangkabau tradition discourse i.e.: The discourse of Traditional Marriage Ritual in Minangkabau Language. The focus of the study is on the structural patterns and characteristics of the discourse consists of three types: type I, type II, and type III. The characteristics of discourse include simile, personification, metaphor (the figure of speech in general), and the classical poems general
MENGUNGKAP MASA DEPAN: INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM KONTEKS PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER CERDAS
Authors: Atmazaki Atmazaki
Published: October 2018

Artikel ini menjelaskan bagaimana inovasi dilakukan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Sebagai implementasi dari inkuiri dan kreativitas, inovasi dalam pembelajaran berkaitan dengan metode dan teknik pembelajaran. Para pengajar bahasa perlu berupaya agar pembelajaran bahasa mampumeningkatkan keterampilan berbahasa melalui berbagai metode dan teknik yang inovatif. Para pengajar perlu memahami dan terampil menggunakannya sesuai dengan dasar-dasar teorinya, tidak sekadar menyebut nama metode dan teknik itu.
Authentic Assessment in Indonesian Language Learning
Authors: Atmazaki Atmazaki
Published: October 2018

This study aims at explaining the process of embedding authentic, valid, practical and effective assessment models in Indonesian language learning based on local culture contexts.The development process began with preliminary research, prototyping and assessment phases.The third stage involved three schools in the city of Padang, namely class X SMA 3, 7 and 10 Padang.The expected product is a number of assessment instruments as a model or sample that can measure the ability of the students to participat e in the school.The results of this study indicate that all the protocols, prototyping, to the assessment phases have been valid, practical and effective.This means that developed instruments can help students improve their language skills.
Paying for loot boxes is linked to problem gambling, regardless of specific features like cash-out and pay-to-win: A preregistered investigation
Authors: Zendle David , McCall Cade , Barnett Herbie , Cairns Paul
Published: October 2018

Loot boxes are a common element of many video games. The defining feature of loot boxes is the element of chance. Players can buy loot boxes for real-world money, but they do not know a loot box’s content or value until they have opened it. Due to similarities between loot boxes and gambling, various countries are considering regulating them to reduce gambling-related harm. Indeed, prior research demonstrates a robust correlation between loot box purchases and problem gambling. However, loot boxes differ from each other in significant ways. For example, some loot boxes contain items that can be re-sold to other players, whilst others do not; some loot boxes contain items which give a gameplay advantage to players, whilst others do not. A key problem facing regulators is determining which types of loot boxes should be regulated to mitigate gambling-related harm. In this study, we specify a variety of different features that loot boxes may have. We then use a large-scale preregistered correlational analysis (n=1200) to determine if any of these features strengthen the link between loot box spending and problem gambling. Our results indicate that some loot box features may weakly strengthen the relationship between loot box spending and problem gambling. However, our main conclusion is that regardless of the presence or absence of specific features of loot boxes, if they are being sold to players for real-world money, then their purchase is linked to problem gambling.
Multitasking with typical use of hearing aid noise reduction in older listeners
Authors: Schoof Tim , Souza Pamela
Published: October 2018

Objective: Older hearing-impaired adults typically experience difficulties understanding speech in noise. Most hearing aids address this issue using digital noise reduction. While noise reduction does not necessarily improve speech recognition, it may reduce the resources required to process the speech signal. Those available resources may, in turn, aid the ability to perform another task while listening to speech (i.e., multitasking). This study examined to what extent changing the strength of digital noise reduction in hearing aids affects the ability to multitask. Design: Multitasking was measured using a dual-task paradigm, combining a speech recognition task and a visual monitoring task. The speech recognition task involved sentence recognition in the presence of six-talker babble at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of 2 and 7 dB. Participants were fit with commercially-available hearing aids programmed under three noise reduction settings: off, mild, strong. Study sample: 18 hearing-impaired older adults. Results: There were no effects of noise reduction on the ability to multitask, or on the ability to recognize speech in noise. Conclusions: Adjustment of noise reduction settings in the clinic may not invariably improve performance for some tasks.
Leveraging decision consistency to decompose suboptimality in terms of its ultimate predictability
Authors: Wyart Valentin
Published: October 2018

While the suboptimality of perceptual decision-making is indisputable in its strictest sense, characterizing the nature of suboptimalities constitutes a valuable drive for future research. I argue that decision consistency offers a rarely measured, yet important behavioral metric for decomposing suboptimality (or, more generally, deviations from any candidate model of decision-making) into ultimately predictable and inherently unpredictable components.
Asymmetric Fixed Effects Models for Panel Data
Authors: Allison Paul D
Published: October 2018

Standard fixed effects methods presume that effects of variables are symmetric: the effect of increasing a variable is the same as the effect of decreasing that variable but in the opposite direction. This is implausible for many social phenomena. York and Light (2017) showed how to estimate asymmetric models by estimating first-difference regressions in which the difference scores for the predictors are decomposed into positive and negative changes. In this paper, I show that there are several aspects of their method that need improvement. I also develop a data generating model that justifies the first-difference method but can be applied in more general settings. In particular, it can be used to construct asymmetric logistic regression models.
The Chastity Society: Disciplining Muslim Men
Authors: Hughes Geoffrey Fitzgibbon
Published: October 2018

At a time when Western humanitarian rescue discourses seek to save Muslim women from irrational and violent Islamic masculinities, the Jordanian Islamist charity ‘the Chastity Society’ seeks to train young men to restrain their excessive masculine passions to ensure that Muslim women are spared the fate of the benighted and oppressed Western woman. This article traces parallel emphases on gender essentialism, rationality, cultural pathology, and abjection to argue that a shared language of contention unites both Islamists and those who advocate for Western humanitarian interventions. I explore how several kinds of social control are legitimized through these symmetrical polemics about gender, order, and civilization.
Infancia, género e historias de vida: una niña Selk’nam en la Misión Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, Siglos XIX-XX)
Authors: Rigone Romina Carla
Published: October 2018

La misión salesiana Nuestra Señora de La Candelaria funcionó en Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, entre fines del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX.  Fue diseñada como una institución de reforma, que procuraba “civilizar” a los indígenas selk’nam. En este contexto, el foco estuvo puesto en los niños, en tanto se consideraba que tenían mayor potencial de transformación por haber estado menos tiempo en contacto con sus tradiciones. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir las formas en que el mundo material de la misión modeló las relaciones y las prácticas sociales de los niños selk’nam. A partir del abordaje de documentos históricos y el trazado de múltiples historias de vida, propongo construir una narrativa ficcional de carácter histórico sobre una única protagonista.
Association of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistant Bacteria Screened from Wastewater
Authors: Gautam Bikram , Adhikari Rameshwar
Published: October 2018

Wastewater treatment plant is a potential reservoir contributing to the evolution and spread of heavy metal and antibiotic resistant bacteria. The pollutants such as biocides, antibiotics, heavy metals are to be feared for as they have been known to evoke resistance in microorganisms in such polluted environment. The aim of this study was to the isolate bacteria from the treated wastewater and assess the resistance pattern of the isolates against antibiotics and heavy metals. Grab sampling was performed from April to June 2017, from the treated effluent from the secondary treatment plant. To assess the resistance pattern for antibiotic(s) and heavy metal(s), antibiotic susceptibility test and minimum inhibitory concentration by cup well method were performed respectively. Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Salmonella Typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. Multi drug and heavy metal resistant isolates were screened. Fisher’s exact test revealed that there is a significant association (p< 0.001) between antibiotic resistance pattern and resistance patterns at dilution of 2500 g/L (25%). Cramer’s V test revealed that the effect size of antibiotic resistance pattern and heavy metal resistance pattern at dilution 2500 g/L is medium. P. aeruginosa was able to resist the metal concentration up to 10000 g/L (100%) dilution of Fe++. Heavy metal resistant bacteria can be safely used to lower chemical concentration in the environment once their harmful genes are edited, knocked etc. so that risks of evoking antibiotic resistance could be minimized.
Metodologías para el ensayo de envejecimiento acelerado en semillas de triticale
Authors: Suárez Castellanos César Iván , Lemes Elisa Souza , Almeida Andréia da Silva , Meneghello Geri Eduardo , de Tunes Lilian Madruga
Published: October 2018

El triticale es una Poaceae ampliamente usada en la región sureste de Brasil en el periodo de invierno. Sin embargo, las semillas de esta especie pueden presentar bajo vigor por exposición a factores adversos, ya sea bióticos o abióticos, durante su formación. Esto hace que la evaluación del vigor sea imprescindible para estimar el potencial fisiológico de los lotes de semillas destinados al cultivo de esta forrajera. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la metodología del ensayo de envejecimiento acelerado para determinar el potencial fisiológico de semillas de triticale. Se determinaron el porcentaje de humedad, el porcentaje y velocidad de emergencia de plántulas y el porcentaje de germinación antes y después del envejecimiento acelerado, que fue realizado usando agua, solución salina saturada y solución salina no saturada durante 48, 72 y 96 horas a 42 °C. La interpretación de los resultados permitió concluir que el ensayo de envejecimiento acelerado durante 48 horas con solución salina, saturada o no, es eficiente para evaluar el vigor de semillas de triticale.
Estimación del tamaño óptimo de parcela en experimentación con batata dulce
Authors: González Guido Gustavo Humada , Ramalho de Morais Augusto , Caballero Mendoza César Arnaldo , Bortolini Juliano , Liska Gilberto Rodrigues
Published: October 2018

La determinación de tamaño óptimo de parcela, en cualquier cultivo, es una de las formas de aumentar la precisión experimental y maximizar las informaciones obtenidas en un experimento. Trabajos relacionados al dimensionamiento del tamaño óptimo de parcela con batata dulce datan del año 2006, entretanto, no se registran trabajos anteriores realizados con la variedad Morotí. Por tanto, con la finalidad de ofrecer y/o actualizar informaciones referentes al dimensionamiento adecuado de parcelas para el cultivo, el objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar el tamaño óptimo de parcela en experimento de campo con batata dulce [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] utilizando tres métodos, el método de máxima curvatura modificada, el modelo linear segmentado con respuesta plato y el modelo cuadrático segmentado con respuesta plato. Para ello se hizo un ensayo de uniformidad con batata dulce variedad Morotí. La unidad experimental básica fue definida en una planta (0,30 m²), posteriormente fueron simulados ocho diferentes tamaños de parcelas y se determinó el coeficiente de variación para cada uno de los tamaños simulados. Los métodos utilizados estimaron tamaños de parcela diferentes, siendo el método de máxima curvatura modificada el que estimó el menor valor relacionado al tamaño de parcela. Los métodos basados en modelos segmentados con plato estimaron tamaños adecuados de parcela. Se recomienda utilizar 13 a 16 plantas (3,90 a 4,80 m2) por parcela.
Evaluación del riego por melgas en los suelos del sur del Uruguay: Uso del modelo WinSRFR, resultados preliminares
Authors: Puppo Lucía , Aguerre Martín , Camio Gerardo , Hayashi Raquel , Morales Pablo
Published: October 2018

El riego por melgas es la modalidad de riego por superficie que se adapta mejor a los cultivos forrajeros en siembra directa, pero las condiciones de alta pendiente y baja velocidad de infiltración de la mayoría de los suelos del sur de Uruguay hacen difícil su adaptación cuando se pretende aplicar las recomendaciones de la bibliografía internacional. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar indicadores de desempeño del riego por melgas para los suelos del sur del Uruguay y plantear escenarios de optimización para identificar estrategias de manejo. Se instaló un ensayo de riego por melgas orientadas en el sentido de la máxima pendiente, variando la dirección entre grupo de melgas para minimizar la pendiente transversal. La buena conformación de los bordos de las melgas favoreció las medidas de los indicadores de desempeño. Para poder evaluar situaciones diferentes a las ensayadas a campo se planteó el uso del modelo WinSRFR. Los caudales con mejor desempeño fueron más bajos que los recomendados por la bibliografía internacional. Para el suelo evaluado y largo de ladera de 50-60 m el caudal 0,2 L/s/m tuvo la mejor respuesta a la optimización por tiempo de corte. El caudal 0,5 L/s/m alcanzó las mejores eficiencias con largos en el entorno de 170 m. El caudal 0,33 L/s/m podría ser la mejor solución en zonas donde la ladera tiene longitud variable, permitiendo alcanzar alta eficiencia de aplicación mediante la modificación del tiempo de riego. El modelo predijo muy bien el volumen infiltrado y escurrido.
Changes in Intensity and Duration of Walking among Older Adults from In-Patient Geriatric Rehabilitation to Home
Authors: Webber Sandra C. , St. John Philip D.
Published: October 2018

Purpose: We compared walking in hospital and on discharge from in-patient geriatric rehabilitation. Method: Participants included 28 adults (22 women) with a mean age of 85.4 (SD 6.8) years, ambulating independently with planned discharge to the community. Steps per day, short and long walking bouts, and cadence (steps per minute) were measured using an ActiGraph GT3X+ activity monitor (5 d in hospital, 5 d at home). Results: Steps per day did not differ between hospital and home (median difference=401; 95% CI: −364, 1,215; p=0.10). Long walking bouts (≥5 min) were infrequent in both locations (1/d) but lasted longer in hospital. Short walking bouts (≥15 s) were more frequent and shorter at home. Daily peak 1-minute cadence and peak 30-minute cadence were greater in hospital. Conclusions: Older adults in geriatric rehabilitation take longer walks and walk at faster paces in hospital, and they engage in more frequent, shorter walks at home. Although further research is needed, older adults would benefit from the opportunity to walk at different paces and different distances on discharge. Outpatient rehabilitation or other community-based programmes and initiatives may provide these experiences and appropriate environments to enable individuals to maintain mobility and independent functioning in the long term.
NEURONAL NETWORKS TO DESCRIBE EPIDEMICS OF COCOA WITCHES’ BROOM
Authors: Pozza Edson Ampélio , Maffia Luiz Antônio , Silva Carlos Arthur Barbosa da , Alves Marcelo De Carvalho , Braga José Luis , Costa João De Cássia do Bonfim
Published: October 2018

Artificial Neural networks (ANN) were evaluated as tools to describe epidemics of cocoa’s witche's broom and as a potential method to forecast the disease. The ANN were built with data collected in Altamira-PA-Brazil, between January 1986 and December 1987, and were compared by regression analysis. The variables studied were basidiocarp production, disease intensity, and 16 climatic variables. Seven climatic variables were selected at 1 to 10 weeks before basidiocarp production and 11 variables at the 8th and 9th weeks before evaluation of disease intensity. Temporal series were also analyzed. A total of 37 regression models were tested and 100 ANN built. Neuronal networks could forecast disease intensity more efficiently than regression equations. The best ANN used 11 climatic variables, in the 9th week before disease occurrence.  The best ANN, with two intermediary layers of artificial neurons, and regression equation to describe basidiocarp production included the variable rainfall duration, in hours.
The Feasiblity of Al-Fārūqī’s Meta-Religion Principles: Sharing of Research Experience
Authors: Ibrahim Haslina
Published: October 2018

This paper shares part of the research experience in applying al-Fārūqī’s meta- religion principles for developing profile of religions in Malaysia. To capture the principles, two major categories have been recommended as the anchoring themes which are ‘permanent’ and ‘dynamic’. The categories were tested by means of in- depth interviews with learned representatives of four major religions in Malaysia. This paper therefore focuses on sharing parts of the important processes involved in the research those are developing and testing the themes and the questions. The two processes have enlightened the researcher on the feasibility and the weaknesses of meta-religion principles as means for understanding religions.
An Evaluation of The Implementation of Sharī‘ah Law of Malaysia in Protecting the Rights of a Child
Authors: Disa Mahamad Naser bin
Published: October 2018

Abstract

This research is an observation of the implementation of Islamic law (Sharī‘ah) among the Malay Muslim in the Islamic courts (Mahkamah Syariah) of Malaysia. The author emphasizes on the roles of Islamic law that are related to the protection of the right of children especially those who were born out of wedlock among Malaysian Muslims. By employing the qualitative methodology, the author critically analyses some issues of right of children in Islam, comparing them with acts and provisions of laws and their relation to the implementation in Islamic court of Malaysia.  Findings indicate that the right of children born out of wedlock is covered under the Islamic laws of Malaysia. However, the implementation of Islamic laws pertaining to rights of children in Malaysia draws criticisms from many groups that include local and international.

Keywords: Sharī‘ah, Children Rights, Islamic courts, Muslim, Malaysia
Irfan Abdul Hameed Fattah’s Discourse on Religious Thought in Response to The Challenges of Modernity
Authors: Abdul Rahim Adibah
Published: October 2018

Abstract

This paper will explore Irfan’s views on diversified philosophical trends which represent main qualitative characteristics of modernity. The author emphasizes the effort made by Irfan to answer what are the intellectual challenges of modernity posed by the West, and what are the major religious responses to modernity.  A qualitative methodology in which the textual analysis and comparative study was employed to analyse textual materials related to the writings of Irfan and other figures. Findings indicate that the discussion on religious thought and the challenges of modernity is still relevant to contemporary time. It exerted impacts on the West particularly in Jewish and Christian religions, as well as the Muslim world. It led Irfan to take an initiative to deliberate it in an objective manner. 

Keyword: Irfan, Modernity, Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Religious thought.
FAMILY MEDIATION IN ASIA: A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE LAW AND PRACTICE IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Abdul Hak Nora
Published: October 2018

This article seeks to discuss in general the practice of family mediation in some selected Asian countries. For this purpose the practice in Singapore, China, Japan and Hong Kong is described. However the focus of the article is the law and practice of conciliation in Malaysia which are governed by the Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act, 1976. Some issues pertaining to the position of the non-Muslims in Malaysia are also highlighted.
ONLINE CONTRACT AND THE ISSUES OF GHARAR AND UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Razali Siti Salwani
Published: October 2018

The use of internet as a medium of communication has widened the scope of contract formation. Sale and purchase activities are held online either for performance of contract through the internet itself or to be performed outside the cyber world. Under Islamic Law there are several areas of uncertainty which will have significant impacts on electronic contracting according to Shariah. This is considered as a very fundamental issue especially in the online contract which implies the non physical presence of the parties. In fact if certain fundamental issues in the online contract are not resolved, then the dominant entry of the principles of gharar (uncertainty) arises, and this will make online contracts in Islamic Shariah not feasible. This article seeks to examine what is actually meant by gharar and how it affects the enforceability of the electronic contract in the Shariah. It also discusses the issue of uncertainty under Common Law with a view to ascertain its implications.
THE STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE MALAYSIAN MUNICIPAL LEGAL SYSTEM: CREEPING MONISM IN LEGAL DISCOURSE?
Authors: Shuaib Farid Sufian
Published: October 2018

This article revisits the status of international law in the Malaysian municipal legal system and considers whether monism is the doctrine or the preferred doctrine in relation to the proper place of international law in Malaysia. This revisit is necessary because of the tendency in some legal writings and legal opinions to take a cavalier approach in using international instruments to dictate the content of municipal law. While observing the ascendancy of international institutions and instruments in determining international and national obligations, it is necessary to take stock of things to maintain a balance between being sovereign and being a member of the global neighbourhood.
LEGAL RESEARCH AT AHMAD IBRAHIM KULLIYYAH OF LAWS, INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA: TRENDS AND POLICIES
Authors: Kadouf Hunud Abia , Oseini Umar Aimhanosi , Maidin Ainul Jaria
Published: October 2018

The primary function of Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah (Faculty) of Laws, at the very beginning of its inception, was that of teaching civil law and Sharî’ah subjects. As it matured, its vision has been varied from teaching to that of research with the aim of attaining the status of a full research institution that provides both quality research and best legal education in the region. Similar to other institutions of higher education in Malaysia, the responsibility of research is a shared function of both graduate students and the academic staff. The research output, on the part of the students is mostly composed of either Master Dissertations or PhD Theses. The academic members of the Faculty, however, are involved either in direct research, individually or jointly, supervision, and publications of their findings. By investigating and analyzing factors influencing research activities at AIKOL in the past twenty years, the researchers will be able to identify the general trends and development of research as it unfolded over years. The researchers hope that the policymakers, at both Faculty and University levels, will use the findings to improve research quality by boldly addressing the problems hampering research progress at AIKOL.
MEASURES FOR THE BETTER MANAGEMENT OF AWQAF
Authors: Rashid Syed Khalid
Published: October 2018

This article identifies six of such problematic issues which are globally confronting awqaf and hampering their utilization for the community’s betterment. These issues are: (1) An urgent need of conducting a survey of awqaf to determine their number, valuation, income, object, expenditure etc for devising an effective administrative policy. (2) Democratisation of waqf administration to allow muslim public participation to dilute the present state control. (3) To revisit the status of family awqaf and its pathetic condition today. (4) To search for alternatives to the colossal waste of waqf income on litigation. (5) The need to replace litigation with administrative action for the recovery of encroached properties. (6) To find ways of developing millions of dormant waqf properties, as this is the key to the treasure trove that remains untapped.
CIVIL LITIGATION NEGLIGENCE AND THE MALAYSIAN ADVOCATE
Authors: Bakar Baharuddeen Abu
Published: October 2018

Civil litigation negligence now stands on a surer footingfollowing cases from Canada, England and elsewhere which lay emphasis on theadversarial system rather than the structure of the profession, and immunityhas now been almost completely abolished by judicial decisions. In Malaysia,the basis of legal professional liability is expected to be re-aligned to beconsistent with the other common law countries that have abolished immunity.The questions that necessitate consideration are therefore acts that wouldconstitute negligence and those that are excusable, the relevant defences, and,of course, the alternative sanctions to civil litigation for this type ofnegligence. The fused nature of the profession in Malaysia, perceived to bemore burdensome to its members, raises the question of the appropriate standardof the duty of skill and care.(For the purposes of this article an ‘advocate’ refers to theMalaysian (and Singaporean) lawyer, who as a member of a ‘true fused’ profession,engages in litigation or ‘contentious business’ as defined in s. 3 of the LegalProfession Act 1976.) {The writer is of the firm view that criminal casesshould be considered separately from civil cases because of the difference inthe law of procedure relating to the preparation of a case for presentation incourt and the public policy considerations peculiar to each type of case asseen in the approach taken by the House of Lords in Arthur J.S. Hall vSimons in which separate judgments were delivered for each type of case.And in Rees v Sinclair [1974] 1 NZLR 180, a civil case, in whichthe New Zealand Court of Appeal did not consider the position in criminalcases.}