bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise dos impactos das mudanças no regime pluviométrico sobre o mercado de lavoura permanente nas Mesorregiões Paraenses
Authors: Nogueira Ana Karlla Magalhães , Santana Antônio Cordeiro de , Gomes Sérgio Castro , Diniz Márcia Jucá Teixeira
Published: June 2024

A pesquisa sobre os impactos das mudanças nas precipitações pluviométricas sobre as lavouras permanentes nas mesorregiões do estado do Pará torna-se indispensável, de modo a orientar o desenvolvimento de estratégias adaptativas a serem utilizadas pelos produtores. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a influência das mudanças na distribuição das chuvas sobre a produção de lavoura permanente nas seis mesorregiões do estado do Pará. As equações de oferta e demanda foram especificadas na forma de dados em painel dinâmico de efeitos fixos e os parâmetros das estimados pelo método pelo método de Mínimo Quadrados Ordinários (MGO). Os resultados mostraram que os coeficientes estimados para as equações de oferta e demanda de lavoura permanente nas mesorregiões do estado do Pará foram coerentes com a teoria microeconômica sobre mercado de produtos agrícolas e significantes a 1%. Constatou-se que a demanda e oferta de lavoura permanente foram inelásticas a preço. Em relação a elasticidade-renda os produtos da lavoura permanente foram classificados como bens normais; e a quantidade demandada desses produtos variou inversamente ao aumento do ICMS. A elasticidade cruzada da oferta de lavouras permanentes em relação às lavouras temporárias, igual a -0,25 indicou uma relação de concorrência pelos fatores de produção. As mudanças nas precipitações pluviométricas causaram, no período analisado, impacto negativo sobre a oferta dos produtos da lavoura permanente no estado do Pará.
Detection of gbpA and gbpB in Streptococcus mutans Isolated from Patients with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Pilot Study
Authors: Tamanna I Shabnam , Girija AS Smiline , Priyadharsini J Vijayashree
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Glucan-binding proteins (gbps) in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) are considered vital virulence factors contributing to plaque formation and caries progression. These proteins also aid in maintaining biofilm formation on the tooth surface and further colonisation of S. mutans. Aim: To phenotypically characterise S. mutans from clinical samples of patients with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder (OPMD), healthy individuals with and without caries, and to assess the frequency of the gbpA and gbpB genes among the groups. Materials and Methods: This pilot study was conducted for a period of two months from May to June 2023 in the Department of Microbiology at Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Saliva samples (N=60) were collected from 20 patients in each of the three different groups: Group 1 included OPMD cases, Group 2 comprised healthy individuals with caries, and Group 3 consisted of healthy individuals without caries (control). Demographic data including age, gender, geographical location, and any previous history of clinical illness were recorded. The samples were promptly transferred to the microbiology lab and cultured on sterile Mutans Sanguis (MS) agar, followed by incubation at 37°C for 48 hours. S. mutans were phenotypically characterised, and the frequency of the gbpA and gbpB genes was assessed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: The prevalence of S. mutans among the study population was found to be 9 (45%) in Group 1, 8 (40%) in Group 2, and 3 (15%) in Group 3. The study findings revealed the presence of gbps in S. mutans isolated from OPMD cases, patients with caries, and non-cariogenic healthy patients, with the frequency of gbpA as 8 (88%), 7 (87.5%), and 1 (33.3%), and gbpB as 9 (100%), 5 (62.5%), and 1 (33.3%), respectively. Conclusion: The frequency of gbpA and gbpB from the clinical strains of S. mutans associated with caries and OPMD cases was observed in the present study. Periodic surveillance of such virulent determinants would aid in a theragnostic approach to alleviate the complications caused by S. mutans in OPMD cases.
Az élelmiszer-termelés gazdálkodó szervezeteinek pénzügyi helyzete, 2018
Authors: Illés Ivett , Vágó Katalin
Published: June 2024

Annak ellenére, hogy a mezőgazdaságban tevékenykedő kettős könyvvitelt végző vállalkozások száma csökkent, eszközállományuk 3 211,1 milliárd forintra nőtt. A bővülés eszköz oldalon javarészt a befektetett és a forgóeszközállomány gyarapodásának tulajdonítható. A befektetett eszközök esetében a beruházások, a forgóeszközöknél a követelések és a készletek állománya nőtt a legnagyobb mértékben. Forrás oldalon a kötelezettségek állományában történt kiemelkedő bővülés, amit főként a rövid lejáratú kötelezettségek növekedése eredményezett. A rövid lejáratú kötelezettségek forgóeszközökét meghaladó mértékű gyarapodása kedvezőtlen hatást gyakorolt a vagyoni, illetve a pénzügyi helyzetre egyaránt. A mezőgazdasági társas vállalkozások exportértékesítésből származó nettó árbevétele 2018-ban számottevően csökkent, ezáltal az üzemi bevételük 15,7 milliárd forinttal maradt el a 2017. évitől, miközben a ráfordításuk 16,6 milliárd forinttal emelkedett. Ennek következtében az üzemi tevékenység eredménye 132,7 milliárd forintra mérséklődött, azaz 32,3 milliárd forinttal maradt el a tárgyévet megelőző évitől. A mezőgazdasági társas vállalkozások pénzügyi műveletei nyereséggel zárultak, ami némileg ellensúlyozta az üzemi eredmény jelentős csökkenését, ezáltal az adózás előtti eredmény az üzeminél kisebb mértékben csökkent, 18,7 milliárd forinttal 139,1 milliárd forintra mérséklődött. Az adófizetési kötelezettség teljesítését követően az adózott eredmény 17,8 milliárd forinttal maradt el a 2017. évitől. Összességében megállapítható, hogy a mezőgazdasági vállalkozások jövedelmezősége kedvezőtlenül alakult 2018-ban.
Agricultural Statistics Pocketbook 2021
Authors: Kiss Gabriella , Demeter Edit
Published: June 2024

The publication provides information on the developments and situation in agriculture, forestry and food industry in 2021. Statistical data published in previous pocketbooks were used to provide comparability of time series. Besides national and branch indicators and data, principal agricultural data are presented in details by counties. International statistics are suitable to show the main trends.
Impact of COVID Pandemic on Pattern and Outcome of Admissions in a Paediatric Emergency Unit in Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Isezuo Khadijat O. , Adamu Asma’u
Published: June 2024

Background: The COVID pandemic had widespread impact on the world population, especially on health-care. This ranged from direct effects of the infection on populace, in addition to changing pattern of morbidity and mortality, children inclusive.
Objectives: To compare the pattern and outcome of admissions during the COVID pandemic period (2020 – 2021) to the preceeding year (2019) in the emergency Paediatric unit (EPU) of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study. The admission records of children aged > 1 month to 15 years were retrieved, relevant information extracted, entered into a study proforma and analysed with SPSS version 24.
Results: Total admissions were 3741. The 1st pandemic year (2020) had the lowest (1116, 29.8%) while 1406 (37.6%) and 1219 (32.6%) patients were admitted in 2019 and 2021.
The lowest admission was between March and June 2020 coinciding with the lockdown, highest was in August 2020 when restrictions had been lifted. The topmost admissions yearly were malaria, acute respiratory infections and acute gastroenteritis.  The trend showed that all cases reduced in the pandemic years (2020-2021) but respiratory infections increased. Mortality was highest in 2020 (p=0.001). Malaria was the highest cause of mortality for the 3 years, however, mortality rate from sepsis, cardiac and respiratory diseases rose sharply in the pandemic years. Three confirmed cases of COVID were seen with 1 mortality.
Conclusion: Admission rates reduced during the pandemic year in 2020 however, with increased rate of mortality. There was increase rate of sepsis, cardiac and respiratory mortality following the pandemic.
Underutilized Vegetable Crops: Potential Sources of Nutrition and Livelihood Security
Authors: P. Pandiyaraj, , S. Sri Lekha, , N. Vijaya Lakshmi, , A. M. Sanmaya, , V. Vinisha, , B. Gopika, , K. Kalai Chezhiyan, , M. R. Prithiviraj, , M. Antany Stanis Willson, , U. Udhayavanan,
Published: June 2024

Vegetables are essential components of a balanced diet, offering a myriad of nutrients crucial for maintaining health and preventing diseases. Vegetable has low calorie counts and high fiber content, they aid in weight management by promoting satiety and controlling appetite. Underutilized vegetable crops are ones that are not widely cultivated and consumed compared to other vegetable crops. Underutilized vegetables play a significant role in enhancing dietary diversity, supporting local food systems, and fortifying food security. Cultivating underutilized vegetables enhances the biodiversity, resilience, and sustainability by reducing reliance on a limited range of crops, especially in the face of environmental challenges like diseases, pests, and climate change. Underutilized vegetables contribute to agricultural biodiversity, cultural heritage preservation, and economic opportunities for small-scale farmers. Embracing and promoting the cultivation, consumption, and conservation of underutilized vegetables are imperative for sustaining diverse diets, supporting sustainable agriculture, and addressing malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies.
Enhancing Fruit Crop Performance: The Role of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in Growth, Yield and Quality Improvement
Authors: K P Logesh Kumar , Ravi Kondle , U K Showmiyan , M Reathsh Saran , Lakshmi Akasam Chaitanya
Published: June 2024

Phosphorus is a crucial macronutrient in plant development, playing a vital role in metabolic activities and growth. Due to its poor availability in soil, phosphorus (P) is essential for healthy plant growth, particularly in tropical regions. P is present in nucleic acids, catalysts, coenzymes, nucleotides, and phospholipids. Optimal phosphorus availability is essential for plant reproductive structure formation during early development. Soil phosphorus content is around 0.05%, but due to insoluble phosphates, soluble forms are not readily available for plants. Chemical P fertilizers are used to increase available P levels, but these are costly and have negative environmental impacts. The limited P-source and high-quality rock P deposits may be exhausted within the next century, leading to the search for environmentally friendly alternatives. Biofertilizers with P-solubilizing properties are an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical-based Phosphorus fertilizers. PSB, beneficial microorganisms, hydrolyse insoluble phosphorus compounds into soluble P, facilitating plant uptake. This eco-friendly and economically sound approach overcomes P scarcity. Throughout the review, these PSBs are discussed in terms of how they have been applied and used to improve fruit crop growth, yield, and quality, providing promising evidence that these PSBs can be used as a viable alternative to inorganic phosphate fertilizers in the future for sustainable agriculture.
The Plant Growth Promoting Potential of Saline Tolerant Rhizobacteria under In vitro Saline Stressed Conditions
Authors: N Lohith Kumar, , Arati  , M Avinash, , S Shashank, , Swati  , Y.V Shivakumar, , L Krishna Naik
Published: June 2024

Since the beginning of agricultural operations, soil salinity has been one of the most significant abiotic variables limiting agricultural production. Saline tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) enhance nutrient equitation and soil enzyme activities, which serve as indicators of soil biological health, and help to correct nutritional imbalances in plants. Potential bioinoculants for boosting crop yield in saline agriculture include saline tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Therefore, in the present study the potential saline tolerant rhizobacteria isolated from saline patches of Karnataka were screened for Exopolysacchride production and Phosphate solubilization and phytohormone production potential under in vitro saline conditions. The results revealed that among the eight organisms were the highest EPS production, phosphate solubilization and phytohormone production recorded by Bacillus subtilis GAN-4 and Staphylococcus cohnii MAN-3 under both normal and saline stressed conditions compared to other organisms. Therefore,these strains show potential as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for mitigating salinity in saline agriculture.
Plant-microbe Interactions and their Potential Application in Improving Disease Resistance in Vegetable Crops
Authors: S Satheesh , Kathayat Khushboo , Girisha R , Srivastava Prachi
Published: June 2024

Microorganisms have a substantial impact on the environment and have been observed to either immunize or infect organisms from all kingdoms. Plants and microorganisms have undergone co-evolution and engage in interactions within their natural environment. Plant microbiota, often known as plant-associated microorganisms, are essential components of plant existence. Similar to other living systems, the plant body interacts with a range of living and non-living factors as it develops in an intricate environment. The plant microbiome can sustain disease suppression by providing essential tasks to their host, such as stress tolerance, vitality, and development. Plants and microorganisms have evolved molecular systems to mutually interact and derive advantages from their interaction. This symbiotic relationship is advantageous for both the microorganisms and the plants. Various pathways have been explored and are currently being utilized to achieve agricultural, environmental, and health benefits, based on this molecular interaction. Plant-associated microorganisms serve a vital role in the growth and development of plants. Microorganisms stimulate plant growth by directly increasing nutrient uptake and stimulating hormone production. The potential benefits of these mutually beneficial interactions between plants and microbes could be connected to develop microbial inoculants for application in agricultural biotechnology. In general, the utilization of microorganisms and the establishment of beneficial plant-microbe interactions offer promising and environmentally favourable approaches for sustainable and organic agriculture worldwide.
Response of Intercropping Finger Millet on Growth and Yield of Pulses
Authors: Peter Alisha , Indu Thakur , Singh Rajesh , Varsha Chilka Vandhana
Published: June 2024

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season in Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. The current research aims to evaluate the growth and yield of various pulses namely cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), black gram (Vigna mungo L.) and green gram (Vigna radiata L.) and when cultivated as intercrops with finger millet. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.6), low in organic carbon (0.51 %), available N (78.9 kg/ha), available P (32.88 kg/ha) and available K (385.10 kg/ha). The treatments consisted of 3 pulse crops (Cowpea, Black gram and green gram) and 3 row ratios (2:1, 4:1 and 6:1). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 13 treatments and replicated thrice. Maximum plant height and yield attributes was recorded in sole plots of cowpea (treatment 11), Black gram (treatment 12) and Green gram (treatment 13) respectively. Finger millet equivalent yield was recorded high in (treatment 7) where finger millet was intercropped with green gram in 2:1 ratio.
Improvement of Fire Safety Management at Construction Sites
Authors: Choi Youngmin , Han Chungbae , Ko Wangyoul
Published: June 2024

This study analyzed cases of major domestic fire, considering the regulatory levels pertaining to domestic and international standards and the work performed by fire safety managers. The current status of fire safety management at construction sites was also evaluated. Based on the results, fire extinguishers at construction sites should be placed within walking distance, and it was proposed that fixed simple hydrants connected to temporary pumps, which have become unusable owing to changes in regulations, should be recognized as simple fire extinguishing devices for prospective installation. Emergency alarm devices require voice warnings, and simple evacuation guidance lights require emergency exit signs and standards to secure evacuation routes. Improvement measures were presented for promoting fire safety through the appointment of fire safety managers at sites currently under construction.
Evaluation of the Water Quality of Nakdong River Using the Real-time Water Quality Index
Authors: Jeong Dong Yeol , Choi Young Hwan , Kim Ki Heung
Published: June 2024

Recently, the influx of pollutants into rivers has increased owing to the impacts of climate and environmental change, consequently accelerating the pollution of river ecosystems and aquatic habitats. Consequently, river water quality must be precisely assessed to facilitate effective management strategies by discerning different aspects of water quality deterioration and enhancement and by identifying and regulating river contaminants. Understanding water quality at a cursory glance is highly challenging, particularly for individuals lacking expertise in water pollution assessment. Hence, the present investigation utilized a domestically developed real-time water quality index (RT-WQI) to scrutinize the water quality attributes at 12 specific locations within the total pollution quantity monitoring network situated in the main channel of the Nakdong River system to render the water quality of the river easily comprehensible even to non-specialists. Furthermore, an attempt was made to detect patterns by applying the Mann–Kendall test and locally weighted scatter plot smoothing (LOWESS) using the index values for water quality assessment. To achieve this aim, extensive water quality data (averaged on a monthly basis) spanning 2004–2022 were obtained from the Water Environment Information System of the Ministry of Environment (https://water.nier.go.kr). The gathered date were then subjected to computation of descriptive statistics for individual water quality parameters to delineate the distinctive features of water quality. This study anticipates that the evaluation of water quality across diverse river systems in the future will facilitate the identification of highly polluted rivers and confirm their trends, thereby providing fundamental data for the management of river basins and the formulation of water quality policies.
Factor Analysis of Housing Choice in Flood Prone Areas: Focusing on The Effect of Place Attachment on Risk Perception
Authors: Seo Segyo , Jung Juchul
Published: June 2024

Coastal regions are particularly susceptible to the effects of climate change because of their geographical proximity to the sea. Despite this vulnerability, these areas continue to be perceived and utilized primarily as recreational spaces where individuals can own and enjoy scenic landscapes rather than as zones at risk from climatic threats. The paradoxical demand for coastal amenities in spite of the risk of flooding is investigated in this study by applying place attachment factors from a sociopsychological angle. We employed the theories of vulnerability, risk perception, and place attachment to build a conceptual framework and formulate hypotheses regarding their relationships. Our analysis, based on a structural equation model, showed that people accept these risks for the benefits of living near the coast because their perception of risk is increased by disaster exposure but lessened by place attachment. These findings highlight the urgent need for urban planning strategies that mitigate the risks associated with climate change.
Analysis of the Effect of Clogging of Road Grate Inlets Due to Poor Construction and Lack of Strength on Drainage Efficiency and Momentum
Authors: Kwon Seong Cheon , Min Jun Gi , Kim Cahng Soo , Lee Gi Ha , Lee Jin Hyeong
Published: June 2024

As urban flooding damage increases due to the increases in heavy rain owing to climate change, the need for research to prevent urban flooding damage is increasing as well. In this connection, because of poor grate construction, the positions of the upper and lower grate inlet spheres are not fixed, or the entrance is narrowed owing to damage caused by a lack of strength, which impedes drainage efficiency. To investigate this effect, we quantitatively analyzed the drainage efficiency and momentum according to the degree of clogging of the grate inlet using a two-dimensional numerical simulation, finding that the clogging of the grate inlet due to the two flow rate cases was increased by 25% p each. Furthermore, the drainage efficiency and momentum by water depth and flow velocity after clogging were quantitatively analyzed through a two-dimensional numerical simulation. As the clogging increased by 25% p, the drainage efficiency decreased to approximately 25–26% p, while for momentum, all cases with low flow rates were clogged, or the momentum tended to continue to increase along the longitudinal slope. However, at high flow rates, the maximum momentum was obtained when the longitudinal slope was 2%. These results are expected to contribute to the prevention of damage from urban flooding through the efficient management of runoff in urban areas by providing quantitative evidence on the necessity and efficiency of grate inlet management to prevent urban flooding.
Impact of the Sewol Ferry Disaster on Physical Changes: Focused on BMI
Authors: Lee Sungyeong , Kim Sunin , Lee Dalbyul
Published: June 2024

This study aims to empirically verify whether disasters affect physical changes, linking research on the effects of disasters on psychology and the effects of psychology on physical changes. It focused on the Sewol ferry disaster, and physical changes were tracked from 2010 to 2018, including the four years before and after the disaster in 2014. We constructed panel data on obesity rates from 229 local governments and used longitudinal data to analyze the impact of large disasters on changes in obesity rates over time. The results indicated that the Sewol Ferry Disaster had a long-term effect on the increase in obesity rate over time. In the directly affected areas of Ansan and Jindo, there was not only a long-term increase but also an immediate increase in the obesity rate. The findings of this study provide an opportunity to expand our understanding of the impact of disasters on society, and can also serve as foundational data for national and local disaster-related long-term impact support policies.
Examining Parking Management Methods in Alleyways Through Fire Engine Dispatch Experiments
Authors: Shin Jindong , Lee Hyangee , Sohn Jeehyun , Yoo Nakyum , Kim Yuntae
Published: June 2024

Rapid response is essential to reduce damage to life and property from fires. However, fire engines are being delayed due to vehicles parked in alleyways. To solve this problem, compulsory disposition has been legislated; however, there are few cases of its use. Therefore, based on advice from experts and firefighters, we conducted 17 experiments of four types and summarized the results. Experimental results: First, The minimum alleyway width required for emergency fire engine dispatch is 3.5 meters. Second, one-sided parking in a line can minimize fire engine dispatch delays. Third, when parking in a zigzag pattern on both sides, the parking gap should be at least 10 meters. Fourth, parking should be prohibited for at least 10 meters from the curved point of the alleyway. Fifth, when a compulsory disposition is performed, the direction of the front wheels of the parked vehicle must be checked. The study results can be adopted to manage the method of parking in alleyways and minimize fire engine dispatch delays.
Tunable Anisotropic Wettability of Rice Leaf‐Like Wavy Surfaces
Authors: Lee Seung Goo , Lim Ho Sun , Lee Dong Yun , Kwak Donghoon , Cho Kilwon
Published: September 2012

Rice leaves can directionally shed water droplets along the longitudinal direction of the leaf. Inspired by the hierarchical structures of rice leaf surfaces, synthetic rice leaf‐like wavy surfaces are fabricated that display a tunable anisotropic wettability by using electrostatic layer‐by‐layer assembly on anisotropic microwrinkled substrates. The nanoscale roughness of the rice leaf‐like surfaces is controlled to yield tunable anisotropic wettability and hydrophobic properties that transitioned between the anisotropic/pinned, anisotropic/rollable, and isotropic/rollable water droplet behavior states. These remarkable changes result from discontinuities in the three‐phase (solid–liquid–gas) contact line due to the presence of air trapped beneath the liquid, which is controlled by the surface roughness of the hierarchical nanostructures. The mechanism underlying the directional water‐rolling properties of the rice leaf‐like surfaces provides insight into the development of a range of innovative applications that require control over directional flow.
Experimental demonstration of enhanced hydrogen permeation in palladium via a composite catalytic‐permselective membrane
Authors: Kim Daejin , Barnett Kevin , Wilhite Benjamin A.
Published: September 2012

A composite catalytic‐permselective (CCP) membrane comprised of a 500‐μm Cu(II)O/Al2O3 catalyst film washcoated overtop a 27‐μm electroless‐plated dense palladium thin film was constructed on a porous less‐steel substrate. Hydrogen purification experiments performed under ideal (H2–Ar) nonreactive mixtures and simulated reformate (5% CO, 7.5% H2O, 15% H2, 1.5% CO2, and balance Ar) over a range of residence times at 623–773 K confirm up to 30% enhancement in observed hydrogen permeance of the palladium film, achieved using the CCP membrane design in which the catalyst layer modifies the gas‐phase composition in direct contact with the permselective Pd film. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the palladium film after ∼10‐h exposure to reaction conditions and Cu(II)O catalyst confirm no corrosion of the film, while observed hydrogen permselectivities remained in excess of 10,000:1. These experimental results confirm that the CCP membrane design is capable of significantly improving palladium membrane performance. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1627–1634, 2013
Assessing the effectiveness of a long‐standing rocky intertidal protected area and its contribution to the regional conservation of species, habitats and assemblages
Authors: Alexander Timothy J. , Gladstone William
Published: September 2012

The acceptance of reserves as a useful management strategy relies on evidence of their effectiveness in preserving stocks of harvested species and conserving biodiversity. A history of ad hoc decisions in terrestrial and marine protected area planning has meant that many of these areas are contributing inefficiently to conservation goals. The conservation value of existing protected areas should be assessed when planning the placement of additional areas in a reserve network.

This study tested (1) the effectiveness of protection for intertidal molluscs of a marine reserve (Bouddi Marine Extension, NSW, Australia) established in 1971, and (2) the contribution of the protected area to the conservation of regional species, assemblages, and habitats.

The shell length and population density of one harvested (Cellana tramoserica), and three non‐harvested species (Bembicium nanum, Morula marginalba, Nerita atramentosa) of intertidal molluscs were examined in the protected area and two reference locations over two seasons.

The heavily collected limpet C. tramoserica was significantly larger in the protected area and was the only species to exhibit a significant difference. No species significantly differed in population density between the protected area and reference locations.

Temporally replicated surveys of macro‐molluscs at 21 locations over 75 km of coastline identified that the existing protected area included 50% of species, two of five assemblage types and 19 of 20 intertidal rocky shore habitats surveyed in the study region. Reservation of a further three rocky reefs would protect a large proportion of species (71%), a representative of each assemblage and all habitat types.

Despite originally being selected in the absence of information on regional biodiversity, the protected area is today an effective starting point for expansion to a regional network of intertidal protected areas.

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inconsistencies of recently proposed citation impact indicators and how to avoid them
Authors: Schreiber Michael
Published: September 2012

It is shown that under certain circumstances in particular for small data sets, the recently proposed citation impact indicators I3(6PR) and R(6,k) behave inconsistently when additional papers or citations are taken into consideration. Three simple examples are presented, in which the indicators fluctuate strongly and the ranking of scientists in the evaluated group is sometimes completely mixed up by minor changes in the database. The erratic behavior is traced to the specific way in which weights are attributed to the six percentile rank classes, specifically for the tied papers. For 100 percentile rank classes, the effects will be less serious. For the six classes, it is demonstrated that a different way of assigning weights avoids these problems, although the nonlinearity of the weights for the different percentile rank classes can still lead to (much less frequent) changes in the ranking. This behavior is not undesired because it can be used to correct for differences in citation behavior in different fields. Remaining deviations from the theoretical value R(6,k) = 1.91 can be avoided by a new scoring rule: the fractional scoring. Previously proposed consistency criteria are amended by another property of strict independence at which a performance indicator should aim.
Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Metallo Base Pairs in Duplex DNA: A Theoretical Insight
Authors: Samanta Pralok K. , Manna Arun K. , Pati Swapan K.
Published: September 2012

Using density functional theory calculations, we investigated the structural, energetic, electronic, and optical properties of recently synthesized duplex DNA containing metal‐mediated base pairs. The studied duplex DNA consists of three imidazole (Im) units linked through metal (Im‐M‐Im, M=metal) and four flanking A:T base pairs (two on each side). We examined the role of artificial base pairing in the presence of two distinctive metal ions, diamagnetic Ag+ and magnetic Cu2+ ions, on the stability of duplex DNA. We found that metal‐mediated base pairs form stable duplex DNA by direct metal ion coordination to the Im bases. Our results suggest a higher binding stability of base pairing mediated by Cu2+ ions than by Ag+ ions, which is attributed to a larger extent of orbital hybridization. We furthermore found that DNA modified with Im‐Ag+‐Im shows the low‐energy optical absorption characteristic of π–π*orbital transition of WC A:T base pairs. On the other hand, we found that the low‐energy optical absorption peaks for DNA modified with Im‐Cu2+‐Im originate from spin–spin interactions. Additionally, this complex exhibits weak ferromagnetic coupling between Cu2+ ions and strong spin polarization, which could be used for memory devices. Moreover, analyzing the role of counter ions (Na+) and the presence of explicit water molecules on the structural stability and electronic properties of the DNA duplex modified with Im‐Ag+‐Im, we found that the impact of these two factors is negligible. Our results are fruitful for understanding the experimental data and suggest a potential route for constructing effective metal‐mediated base pairs in duplex DNA for optoelectronic applications.
Deficits in Mental State Attributions in Individuals with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (Velo‐Cardio‐Facial Syndrome)
Authors: Ho Jennifer S. , Radoeva Petya D. , Jalbrzikowski Maria , Chow Carolyn , Hopkins Jessica , Tran Wen‐Ching , Mehta Ami , Enrique Nicole , Gilbert Chelsea , Antshel Kevin M. , Fremont Wanda , Kates Wendy R. , Bearden Carrie E.
Published: September 2012

Velo‐cardio‐facial syndrome (VCFS; 22q11.2 deletion syndrome) results from a genetic mutation that increases risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We compared Theory of Mind (ToM) skills in 63 individuals with VCFS (25% with an ASD diagnosis) and 43 typically developing controls, and investigated the relationship of ToM to reciprocal social behavior. We administered a video‐based task to assess mentalizing at two sites University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University. The videos depicted interactions representing complex mental states (ToM condition), or simple movements (Random condition). Verbal descriptions of the videos were rated for Intentionality (i.e. mentalizing) and Appropriateness. Using Repeated Measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), we assessed the effects of VCFS and ASD on Intentionality and Appropriateness, and the relationship of mentalizing to Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores. Results indicated that individuals with VCFS overall had lower Intentionality and Appropriateness scores than controls for ToM but not for Random scenes. In the SUNY sample, individuals with VCFS, both with and without ASD, performed more poorly than controls on the ToM condition; however, in the UCLA sample, only individuals with VCFS without ASD performed significantly worse than controls on the ToM condition. Controlling for site and age, performance on the ToM condition was significantly correlated with SRS scores. Individuals with VCFS, regardless of an ASD diagnosis, showed impairments in the spontaneous attribution of mental states to abstract visual stimuli, which may underlie real‐life problems with social interactions. A better understanding of the social deficits in VCFS is essential for the development of targeted behavioral interventions. Autism Res 2012, 5: 407–418. © 2012 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sodium current inhibition by nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF)—fact or artifact?
Authors: Verkerk Arie O. , van Ginneken Antoni C.G. , Wilders Ronald
Published: September 2012

In two recent publications in Bioelectromagnetics it has been demonstrated that the voltage‐gated sodium current (INa) is inhibited in response to a nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF). At the same time, there was an increase in a non‐inactivating “leak” current (Ileak), which was attributed to the formation of nanoelectropores or larger pores in the plasma membrane. We demonstrate that the increase in Ileak, in combination with a residual series resistance, leads to an error in the holding potential in the patch clamp experiments and an unanticipated inactivation of the sodium channels. We conclude that the observed inhibition of INa may be largely, if not fully, artifactual. Bioelectromagnetics 34:162–164, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photoluminescence property of A9B(VO4)7 [A = Ca, Sr, Ba and B = La, Gd] phosphors
Authors: Singh Roshani , Dhoble S. J.
Published: September 2012

A new efficient phosphor, A9B(VO4)7 [A = Ca, Sr, Ba and B = La, Gd] has been synthesized by the solid‐state method at high temperature. X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of the compound. Photoluminescence excitation measurements show that the phosphor can be efficiently excited by near‐ultraviolet light from 300 nm to 400 nm to realize emission covering the 397–647 nm region of visible spectrum. Therefore, newly synthesized novel phosphor may be useful as green‐emitting phosphor in solid‐state lighting. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized clinical trial of dexamethasone versus placebo in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Tolver M A , Strandfelt P , Bryld E B , Rosenberg J , Bisgaard T
Published: September 2012

Background

The effect of dexamethasone on recovery and length of convalescence has not been evaluated in patients after laparoscopic groin hernia repair. It was hypothesized that preoperative intravenous dexamethasone would reduce postoperative pain.

Methods

Men undergoing transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) inguinal hernia repair were randomized to receive either a single intravenous dose of 8 mg dexamethasone or placebo (saline) 30–60 min before operation in a randomized double-blind trial. Patients in the two groups received similar standardized anaesthesia and analgesic regimens. The primary outcome measure was pain during coughing on postoperative day 1. Secondary outcomes were postoperative discomfort, fatigue and length of convalescence. Pain scores, discomfort and fatigue were recorded before surgery and daily on postoperative days 0–3 in a standard manner using visual analogue, verbal rating and numerical rating scales. The use of analgesics and antiemetics on the day of operation was recorded. The duration of time away from work and leisure activities was registered.

Results

The study enrolled 80 patients. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding postoperative pain, need for analgesia, discomfort, fatigue, nausea, vomiting or length of convalescence. Patients who received placebo used significantly more antiemetics in the postanaesthesia care unit (PACU) than patients in the dexamethasone group (P = 0·026).

Conclusion

A single preoperative dose of 8 mg dexamethasone before laparoscopic groin hernia repair had no clinical effect on early postoperative pain, discomfort or fatigue after TAPP inguinal hernia repair, but resulted in a significantly lower use of antiemetics in the PACU. Registration number: NCT01170780 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Oncoplastic surgery for breast cancer based on tumour location and a quadrant-per-quadrant atlas
Authors: Clough K B , Ihrai T , Oden S , Kaufman G , Massey E , Nos C
Published: September 2012

Background

The majority of published techniques for oncoplastic surgery rely on an inverted-T mammoplasty, independent of tumour location. These techniques, although useful, cannot be adapted to all situations. A quadrant-per-quadrant atlas of mammoplasty techniques for large breast cancers was developed in order to offer breast surgeons a technique dependent on tumour location, which reduces the risk of postoperative complications and delay to adjuvant therapy.

Methods

From 2005 to 2010, a series of eligible women with breast cancer were treated by quadrant-specific oncoplastic techniques. All complications and any delay to adjuvant treatment were recorded prospectively, along with local and distant cancer recurrences. Cosmetic outcome was evaluated using a five-point scale.

Results

A total of 175 patients were analysed. The median tumour size, after histological examination, was 25 (range 4–90) mm. Twenty-three patients (13·1 per cent) had involved margins. Seventeen of these patients were treated by mastectomy and three had a re-excision. Complications occurred in 13 patients (7·4 per cent), which led to a delay to adjuvant treatment in three (1·7 per cent). After a median follow-up of 49 (range 23–96) months, three patients had developed a local recurrence. The mean score after cosmetic evaluation was 4·6 of 5.

Conclusion

A quadrant-per-quadrant approach to oncoplastic techniques for breast cancer was developed that tailors the mammoplasty for each tumour location. This panel of techniques should be a useful guide for breast surgeons, and extends the possibilities for breast conservation for large or poorly limited cancers, with a low complication rate and good cosmetic results.
Outcome of abdominosacral resection for locally advanced primary and recurrent rectal cancer
Authors: Bhangu A , Brown G , Akmal M , Tekkis P
Published: September 2012

Background

The aim was to assess the indications for and outcomes of abdominosacral resection for patients with locally advanced primary and recurrent rectal cancer.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing abdominosacral resection between January 2006 and December 2011 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. The main endpoints were 3-year local recurrence-free (LRFS) and disease-free (DFS) survival.

Results

Thirty patients underwent abdominosacral resection, 22 for recurrent rectal cancer and eight for locally advanced primary cancer. Sacrectomy was performed at S1/2 in five, S3 in 11 and S4/5 in 14 patients. R0 resection was achieved in 23 patients; all seven positive margins (R1) were in patients with recurrent disease. There were no deaths in hospital or within 30 days. S1/2 sacrectomy was associated with the highest rate of major complications (60 per cent versus 27 and 29 per cent for S3 and S4/5 respectively) and long-term complications (60, 36 and 14 per cent). Overall 3-year LRFS was 66 per cent and 3-year DFS was 55 per cent. Both were significantly better in patients with negative compared with positive margins (LRFS: 87 versus 0 per cent, P < 0·001; DFS: 71 versus 0 per cent, P = 0·033).

Conclusion

Abdominosacral resection was associated with long-term survival in carefully selected patients with advanced rectal cancer. Postoperative complications were common and often multiple. Sacrectomy for locally advanced primary rectal cancer was associated with a low margin-positive rate and should be considered as an acceptable treatment. Margin-positive resection was associated with poor survival outcomes and should be avoided.
Caudate lobe-sparing subtotal hepatectomy for primary hepatolithiasis
Authors: Dong J , Lau W Y , Lu W , Zhang W , Wang J , Ji W
Published: September 2012

Background

Patients with frequent and life-threatening attacks of cholangitis due to bilateral primary hepatolithiasis with atrophy of the main liver and giant hypertrophy of the caudate lobe were assessed for caudate lobe-sparing subtotal hepatectomy.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data from patients who underwent subtotal hepatectomy with sparing of the caudate lobe (resection of 7 liver segments, leaving only the caudate lobe) between March 2003 and December 2009. All patients had concomitant bile duct exploration and choledochoscopy. Perioperative and long-term outcomes were analysed.

Results

Immediate stone clearance was obtained in all 12 patients enrolled in the study. Two patients had strictureplasty of the strictured caudate bile duct. There was no hospital mortality and six complications developed in three patients. At a mean follow-up of 51 months, one patient had developed recurrent stones in the caudate lobe bile ducts at 8 months and died from acute purulent cholangitis, 17 months after surgery. The remaining 11 patients were symptom-free with no further attacks of acute cholangitis.

Conclusion

In selected patients with bilateral primary hepatolithiasis, caudate lobe-sparing subtotal hepatectomy is a safe and effective treatment.
Rapid and sensitive LC‐MS/MS method for determination of megestrol acetate in human plasma: application to a human pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Seo Ji‐Hyung , Park Ji‐Sun , Jo Min‐Ho , Park Mi‐Sun , Ryu Ju‐Hee , Cho Young‐Wuk , Shim Wang‐Sup , Noh Gyu‐Jeong , Lee Kyung‐Tae
Published: September 2012

A rapid, simple and fully validated LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of megestrol acetate in human plasma using tolbutamide as an internal standard (IS) after one‐step liquid–liquid extraction with methyl‐tert‐butyl‐ether. Detection was performed using electrospray ionization in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode by monitoring the transitions m/z 385.5 → 267.1 for megestrol acetate and m/z 271.4 → 155.1 for IS. Chromatographic separation was performed on a YMC Hydrosphere C18 column with an isocratic mobile phase, which consisted of 10 mm ammonium formate buffer (adjusted to pH 5.0 with formic acid)–methanol (60:40, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The achieved lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 1 ng/mL (signal‐to‐noise ratio > 10) and the standard calibration curve for megestrol acetate was linear (r > 0.99) over the studied concentration range (1–2000 ng/mL). The proposed method was fully validated by determining its specificity, linearity, LLOQ, intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy, recovery, matrix effect and stability. The validated LC‐MS/MS method was successfully applied for the evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters of megestrol acetate after oral administration of a single dose 800 mg of megestrol acetate (Megace™) to five healthy Korean male volunteers under fed conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fermentation behavior of an osmotolerant yeast D. hansenii for Xylitol production
Authors: Misra Swati , Raghuwanshi Shailendra , Saxena Rajendra K.
Published: September 2012

Realizing the importance of xylitol as a high‐valued compound that serves as a sugar substitute, a new, one step thin layer chromatographic procedure for quick, reliable, and efficient determination of xylose and xylitol from their mixture was developed. Two hundred and twenty microorganisms from the laboratory stock cultures were screened for their ability to produce xylitol from D‐xylose. Amongst these, an indigenous yeast isolate no.139 (SM‐139) was selected and identified as Debaryomyces hansenii on the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics and (26S) D1/D2 r DNA region sequencing. Debaryomyces hansenii produced 9.33 gL−1 of xylitol in presence of 50.0 gL−1 of xylose in 84 h at pH 5.5, 30°C, 200 rpm. In order to utilize even higher concentrations of xylose for maximum xylitol production, a xylose enrichment technique was developed. The strain of Debaryomyces hansenii was obtained through xylose enrichment technique in a statistically optimized medium containing 0.3% yeast extract, 0.2% peptone, 0.03% MgSO4.7H2O along with 1% methanol. The culture was inoculated with 6% inoculum and incubated at 30°C and 250 rpm. A yield of 0.6 gg−1 was obtained with a xylitol volumetric productivity of 0.65 g/L h−1 in the presence of 200 gL−1 of xylose although up to 300 gL−1 of xylose could be tolerated through batch fermentation. Through this technique, even higher concentrations of xylose as substrate could be potentially utilized for maximum xylitol production. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012