bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation the influence of biologically active compounds on the antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of red raspberry (Rubus idaeous l.) leaf extract
Authors: Maslov Oleksander , Komisarenko Mykola , Ponomarenko Svitlana , Horopashna Darina , Osolodchenko Tetiana , Kolisnyk Sergii , Derymedvid Lyudmyla , Shovkova Zoia , Akhmedov Elshan
Published: January 2023

The aim of the study. To determine phenolic and organic acids compound profiles, and the antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of raspberry leaf extract.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was red raspberry leaf extract. The quantity of phenolic compounds was determined by applying a spectrophotometric method of analysis, whereas organic acids content was assessed by means of the alkalimetric method, while the antioxidant activity of the obtained extract was evaluated by employing the potentiometric method, and antibacterial and antifungal activity was ascertained through the wells method, and anti-inflammatory activity was found via carrageenan – induced paw edema assay.

Results. The content of phenolic compounds was 18.45±0.37 mg/ml, catechins was 10.12±0.20 mg/ml, flavonoids was 3.32±0.07 mg/ml, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives was 2.39±0.05 mg/ml and organic acids was 7.25±0.15 mg/ml. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was 76.11±1.48 mmol-equiv./mres dry, which was higher by 32.80% than the reference drug „Ascorutin”. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was the most sensitive to the extract (25.00±0.00 mm), whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant (21.67 ±0.66 mm). Treatment with red raspberry leaf extract at 1 ml/kg showed a significant edema reduction at 1, 2 and 3 h at 38.8, 41.8 and 48.8%, compared with the saline group.

Conclusian. The present study indicated that red raspberry leaf extract possesses antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, red raspberry leaves are a promising source of bioactive substances that can be used for further developing medicines in the treatment and prevention of lifestyle diseases.
Opportunities and Status of Wheat Row Planting in Smallholder Farmers in Elfeta District Oromia Regional State Ethiopia
Authors: Sima Dajane Ajema , Fekadu Etefa Habtamu
Published: January 2023

To enhance wheat yield, adoption and management practices have become a major concern of agricultural extension activities and low produce of wheat is partly due to poor agronomic practices in Ethiopia. Compared to broadcasting system, row planting gives better yield with quality of the seed at harvesting period. The study was conducted to assess the opportunities and status of wheat row planting by farmers. This study was used descriptive research design and employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Primary data were collected from 141_sample households which were selected randomly. Additional information was obtained from focus group discussion and key informant interview. The data has been analyzed by using simple descriptive statistics such as mean, percentage and standard deviation. Moreover, inferential statistics like chi-square and t-test were used. The result shows that, education level, family size, farmers experience, seeding rate per hectare, yield per hectare, fertilizer rate per hectare and income of household were positive association with wheat row planting in the study area. Also, non-adopter farmers was not use the existing opportunity such as off-farm income generating activities, contact with extension agents, credit use, membership in cooperatives and improved seed in the study area. Moreover, more than half of smallholders not adopt the wheat row planting system; meaning, still they use broadcasting system of Planting in their farms. Therefore, the study concludes that, Policies and strategies that focus on farmers’ education, implementation of well-established extension package are helpful so as to achieve wider adoption of row planting technology of smallholder farmer in the study area.
A Review on the Biology, Ecology, and Management Tactics of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Yadav Shubh Pravat Singh , Lahutiya Vivek , Paudel Prava
Published: January 2023

In the agronomical field, different internal and external factors are responsible for substantially diminished crop harvest. A hindrance that can be listed in those factors is insect pests. African bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is a significant polyphagous, rapacious feeder, and the serious pest of agricultural cosmos. This pest can infest a wide array of species (almost 180 plant species) and a diverse range of families regarding it to be the most versatile and economically important nuisances for crops. H. armigera is widely far-reaching throughout the globe mostly in the Asian domain. Likewise, the subsequent number of instars makes it more detrimental and positively influences its existence pattern. The biological parameters like high fecundity, reproducibility, and comparatively long-life period support in the incitement of damage threshold (DT). Thusly, this article depicts the presentation and control tactics against H. armigera, and further incorporates science and damage to acquaint this pest and access raise in production.
Need to take precedence for off seasonal vegetable farming? Issues in context of Nepal
Authors: Gyawali Pramod , Khanal Saugat , Bhandari Sagar
Published: January 2023

Vegetable farming beyond the regular cropping calendar when supply is low and prices are high increases consumers range of choices and enhance profit. Nepal offers favourable potential for off-season vegetable production. However, inadequate approach to market and seasonal fluctuation of available vegetable creates difficulties in commercialization of off-season production. The current paper describes about what opportunities and importance do off-season farming has in Nepal and the constraints it has to encounter with. The cheap availability of labour, increasing interest of the government, and climatic suitability provide an opportunity for the farmers to make profitable income due to high prices during the off-season period which reduces the risk of failure of the farm, marketing risk, and maintains market equilibrium. Nevertheless, this cultivation system faces challenges of high post-harvest loss, poor implementation of policies, hijacked subsidies, inadequate irrigation facilities, and high pest infestation on-farm side and scarcity of cold storage, high transact cost, unmanaged collection, and market centers on the market side. Commercialization of off-Season vegetable production can create a better environment for income improvement and maintain market equilibrium.
Evaluation of Polyphenols, Vitamin C Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Two Types of Algerian Honey
Authors: Necib Asma , Kefti Louiza , Draiaia Radia , Mohamadi Nadia , Rezig Soumaya
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to estimate two different types of Algerian honey: antioxidant contents (total phenols and vitamin C), and levels of antioxidant (DPPH assay) and reducing activity (FRAP assay). Honey samples were characterized by high content of total phenols (314.231 ± 281.346 – 394.231 ± 155.835 mg AG 100 g-1) and low vitamin C values (0.25 ± 0.05 – 0.35 ± 0.05 mg 100 g-1). As a result, the antioxidant activity and reducing capacity values were found to be 9.578 ± 3.157 and 11.255 ± 2.668% for DPPH and 15.240 ± 4.578 to 17.794 ± 8.179 µg 100 g-1 for the FRAP assay. Our data showed that dark honey contains bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant activity.
Chemical Structure and Antifungal Activity of Agean Region of Propolis in Türkiye
Authors: Türk Mehmet Uygar , Şahinler Nuray , Dinler Havva
Published: January 2023

The chemical composition of propolis from Aegean Uşak (Balcıdamı and Kaşbelen), Afyon ( Emirdağ and Dinar), Manisa (Salihli and Kula), Denizli (Merkez and Çivril), Muğla (Milas and Merkez), İzmir (Kemalpaşa and Menemen), Aydın (Söke and Kuşadası) and Kütahya (Hisarcık and Tavşanlı) was studied in order to determine the major compounds by using GC-MS. In this study, 8 % ethanol extract of propolis prepared by mixing 920 ml of 70 % ethanol and 80 g of propolis was used. Chemical analysis of propolis extracts indicated that the propolis samples had high concentrations of the aromatic acids, esters and other derivatives which are responsible for the antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of propolis such as benzyl cinnamate, methyl cinnamate, caffeic acid, cinnamyl cinnamate and cinnamoylglcine besides the most common compounds as fatty acid, terpenoids, esters, alcohols hydrocarbons and aromatic acids. Also, in this research the antifungal effects of 7 concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 ppm) of propolis ethanol extract (PEE) against Fusarium oxysporum was investigated in vitro conditions. Propolis was mixed alone or in combination with potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium at various concentrations. The results indicated that the mycelial growth of the tested fungi decreased with each increase in PEE concentrations. Propolis extract collected from Muğla province showed 77.81% antifungal effect against Fusarium oxysporum at the highest concentration (50 ppm). The lowest antifungal effect (64.52%) against the pathogen was detected in the propolis extract collected from Denizli province.
Diyarbakır Milletvekili Zülfü Bey'in Malta'ya Sürgünü
Authors: ULUDAĞ Mekki
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmada Diyarbakır Milletvekili Zülfü Bey’in bazı suçlamalarla önce İstanbul’da tutuklanması, ardından Osmanlı Devleti tarafından İngilizlere teslim edilerek İngilizler vasıtasıyla ilk olarak Mısır’a sürgün edilmesi ve bir süre sonra oradan yine İngilizler tarafından Malta Adasına sügün edilmesi süreci ele alınmıştır. Zülfü Bey’in hakkında, İngilizlerin talebi üzerine İstanbul’da Diyarbakır Milletvekili olarak bulunduğu bir sırada bir gözaltı kararı çıkartılmış ve bu karar Osmanlı Devleti tarafından hemen uygulanarak Zülfü Bey gözaltına alınmıştır. İlk sorgusunda suçsuz olduğu anlaşıldığı halde Zülfü Bey uzun süre serbest bırakılmamıştır. Konuyla ilgili İngiliz yetkililere başvuruda bulunan Osmanlı Devleti yetkililerine İngilizler tarafından Zülfü Bey’in serbest bırakılmaması gereği bildirilmiş ve bu karar üzerine Osmanlı Devleti, Zülfü Bey’i tutuklu olarak hapsetmeye devam etmiştir. Bir süre sonra İngilizler oldukça ilginç bir karar alarak Osmanlı devlet adamlarını yurt dışında çeşitli yerlere sürgün etmeye başlamışlar ve yurt dışına sürgün edilen kişilerden birisi Zülfü Bey olmuştur. Zülfü Bey, İngilizler tarafından ilk olarak Mısır’ın İskenderiye kentinde bulunan Seydibeşir Esir Kampı’na sürgün edilmiştir. Orada birkaç ay tutulan Zülfü Bey, İngilizler tarafından sürgün hayatının büyük kısmını geçireceği Malta Adasına gönderilmiştir. Iki yıldan fazla bir süre boyunca sürgünde tutulmuş olan Zülfü Bey bu süre boyunca yargılanmamış ve hakkında hiçbir suçlamada bulunulamamıştır. Sonuç olarak Türk Birliklerinin Batı Anadolu’da Yunanlılara karşı ardıardına gelen başarılarının da etkisiyle İngilizler Türklerle anlaşmaya varmış ve karşılıklı olarak tüm tutsaklar serbest bırakılmışlardır.
Teman Sebagai Objek Penciptaan Karya Seni Lukis
Authors: Rahmat Jefri , Rajudin Rajudin , Ibrahim Ibrahim
Published: January 2023

Teman adalah istilah yang menggambarkan perilaku kerjasama dan saling mendukung. Teman memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, pada ruang lingkup pertemanan terkadang tidak berjalan baik dengan semestinya, pada semua pertemanan pasti memiliki permasalahan didalamnya seperti penghianatan, perundungan dan penghinaan. Hal tersebeut menjadi landasan dalam penciptaan karya seni lukis. Bentuk karya yang dihadirkan adalah karya dua dimensi dengan pendekatan gaya abstrak, dengan mengkombinasikan abstraksi bentuk di dalamnya menggunakan cat akrilik dan kombinasi arang pada kanvas.  Metode penciptaan dilakukan adalah persiapan, tahap ini melakukan observasi di lingkungan pertemanan pengkarya dan pencarian referensi yang berkaitan dengan tema yang diangkat, selanjutnya tahapan perancangan dilakukan rancangan atau strategi visual, teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik plakat dan aquarel kemudian tahap perwujudan adalah tahap penggarapan dan eksplorasi teknik pada karya hingga selesai, setelah melakukan semua tahap, masuk ketahap penyajian, dimana pada tahapan ini dilakukannya pameran. Perwujudan karya seni lukis ini berhasil menghasilkan tiga buah karya yang berjudul “Toxic”, “Cemooh”, dan “Penghasut”.
Development of collaborative based inquiry learning tools using local wisdom context to improve students metacognitive
Authors: Supiyati Sri , Halqi Muhammad , Waluyo Edy , Rasidi Ahmad
Published: January 2023

Geometry is one of the essential materials for students. However, geometry material, especially the concept of geometry, still needs to be made more accessible for students. Models and media are needed, and the proper context in learning mathematics in geometric material. Therefore, this research aims to develop valid, practical, and effective learning using the Collaborative Based Inquiry learning model based on local wisdom to improve students' metacognitive abilities. This study is Research and Development (R & D). There were five stages in this study: to analyze the developed product, develop the initial product, expert validation and revision, small-scale field trials and product revisions, and large-scale field trials and final products. Based on the results of the study obtained, several research conclusions, including that the learning device was valid. From the limited test, the results of the five ability test questions were obtained metacognitive is also valid and reliable. Developed learning plans as well practicals from the side of teachers and students. Moreover, the average value of students' metacognitive abilities in the experimental class is classified as effective to increase students' metacognitive abilities. That way, learning mathematics design with Collaborative Based Inquiry based on local wisdom can improve students' metacognitive abilities.
Prevalence of prehypertension, hypertension, stress, anxiety among undergraduate medical students, and its association with cognitive failure: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chadha Vineeta , Rastogi Swarna , Choudhury Sampa , Chaudhary Madhu , Harvir Singh Sodhi  , Ahmad Qazi Rais
Published: January 2023

Background: Research shows that both hypertension and prehypertension accelerate the decline in standardized global cognitive performance. Two important risk factors for development of elevated BP are stress and anxiety. Hence, the study also focuses on assessing stress and anxiety in undergraduate medical students using validated questionnaires.
Aims and Objectives: Hypertension and prehypertension are on a rise in undergraduate medical students and are proposed to accelerate cognitive failure. This study aims to provide prevalence of hypertension, prehypertension, anxiety, stress, and its association with cognitive failure among 1st year medical students in a medical college in North India.
Materials and Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Physiology of a Medical College on 1st year medical students. Google form was given to the whole batch of 150 medical students. Out of them, 111 students voluntarily participated. Hence, we have included them in our study. Standard questionnaire prescribed by Cohen et al., Spitzer et al., and Broadbent et al., for stress, anxiety, and cognitive failure respectively was given to students. Google documents were used as a platform to create online questionnaires that were automatically posted through a unique URL. Password protected access to URL link and a unique study ID gave students round the clock access. Unique study ID ensured confidentiality of all self-reported data. Student’s response was secured using a “cloud” database, where data were automatically sorted, scaled, and scored by custom Excel formulas. Blood pressure of all the students was measured and a Google form consisting of items from these three questionnaires was filled by the students. Data were organized and statistically analyzed by Chi-square test.
Results: In the present study, the prevalence of prehypertension was 46.8% and hypertension was 7.2%. Perceived stress score was moderate in 71.2% of subjects and high in 10.8% of subjects. Moderate-to-severe anxiety was recorded in 21.6% of students. Cognitive failure score was high (>43) in 24.3% of students. A Chi-square test of independence was performed to examine the relation between blood pressure and cognitive failure. Relationship between these variables was significant X2 (1, n=111)=7.08, P=0.029. Patients with hypertension are likely to develop cognitive failure than those with normal blood pressure.
Conclusion: The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension is rising in medical students. Anxiety and stress being the major causes need to be addressed so as to maintain cognitive well-being of the undergraduate medical students.
Assessment of psychological parameters, psychomotor speed, and quality of life in pre-hypertensive women
Authors: Prashant Keshavrao Nichat  , Neelkanth Kote  , Aalasyam Naveen  , Rahmat Abdul Rahim  , Goothy Sai Sailesh kumar , Anita Choudhary
Published: January 2023

Background: Individual is considered as pre-hypertensive when the blood pressure is between 120 and 139/80–89 mmHg. There is an increase in the prevalence of pre-hypertension in Indian population. Hence, early diagnosis of pre-hypertension helps to prevent these diseases and increase the quantity and quality of life.
Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to observe the psychological parameters, psychomotor speed, and quality of life in pre-hypertensive women.
Materials and Methods: Thirty cases of pre-hypertensive women between the age of 25 and 50 years and 30 age-matched non-pre-hypertensive women were included in the study. Depression, anxiety and stress, self-esteem, negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SA), and quality of life were assessed using standard questionnaires. Visual and auditory reaction time (RT) was assessed using RT apparatus.
Results: There was a significant (P<0.001) lower physical health score, psychological score, social relationships score, and environmental scores pre-hypertensive women when compared to healthy individuals. There was significantly (P<0.05) longer visual and auditory RT for the right and left responses in pre-hypertensive women when compared to healthy individuals. Significantly higher (P<0.05) levels of depression, anxiety, and stress and significantly lower self-esteem scores were observed in pre-hypertensive women when compared with healthy individuals. NA and SA were significantly higher (P<0.001) in pre-hypertensive women when compared with healthy individuals.
Conclusion: Pre-hypertension has strong negative impact on psychological parameters, RT and quality of life. It is the need of time to increase awareness of pre-hypertension in general population. We recommend planning and implementation of special care programs for these individuals.
Transcranial Doppler in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy babies as a prognostic marker in the short-term outcome
Authors: Arya Jayendra , Sakshi Jain  , Shashikant Patidar  , Sardar Vikram Singh Bais
Published: January 2023

Background: Birth asphyxia is a lack of blood flow or gas exchange to or from the fetus in the period immediately before, during, or after the birth process. Birth asphyxia can result in profound systemic and neurologic sequelae due to decreased blood flow and/or oxygen to the developing fetus or infant. Birth asphyxia is one of the most common causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity globally.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess the importance of cranial Doppler as investigation tool for the early prognostic marker of babies with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in short term.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The present study includes 50 newborns, out of which 30 newborns admitted with birth asphyxia were considered as a case, while 20 healthy term newborns were taken as control. Transcranial Doppler of middle cerebral artery (MCA) was done on day 1 of life. They were followed up at discharge for neuromotor outcome by Hammersmith Neonatal neurological examination (HNNE). The outcome was correlated with, Doppler findings of MCA. P<0.05 was taken significant.
Results: Abnormality detected by transcranial Doppler within 24 h of life in neonates with birth asphyxia was significantly associated with poor neuromotor outcome when compared to healthy term neonates. HNNE score in HIE babies was lesser than healthy term neonates on discharge.
Conclusion: Cranial Doppler within 24 h of birth in term HIE babies has very high sensitivity in predicting short-term outcome in babies with HIE, such as Low HNNE score.
Management of giant cell tumor of bone in the era of denosumab: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Anjan Bera  , Shatarupa Dutta  , Aparajita Sadhya  , Soham Gangopadhyay  , Debosmita Bhattacharyya  , Srikrishna Mandal  , Manna Debojyoti
Published: January 2023

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone also known as osteoclastoma typically arises from the meta-epiphyseal region of the long bone and comprises 5% of all bone tumors and 20% of benign bone tumors. Understanding pathogenesis is the key to successful systemic therapy with denosumab, a RANK-ligand inhibitor. In this context, we report seven GCT bone-treated denosumab and radiotherapy cases with a diverse clinical presentation from our institute, NRS Medical College, and Hospital Kolkata.
ANÁLISE DE UMA WEBCONFERÊNCIA TENDO COMO TEMA A PRESENÇA DAS MULHERES NA FÍSICA
Authors: Santos Nicoli Rocha , Teixeira Ricardo Roberto Plaza
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo objetiva investigar a realização de uma webconferência intitulada “Mulheres na Física” que foi ministrada pela professora e física Marcia Cristina Bernardes Barbosa, em novembro de 2021, com transmissão simultânea efetuada pelo canal “Debate Consciência” do YouTube; particularmente, foram examinadas as concepções dos participantes acerca dos temas tratados durante o evento. Foi feita inicialmente uma revisão teórica acerca da literatura existente sobre questões de gênero e acerca da presença de mulheres na Física. Os métodos utilizados para estruturar e implementar a webconferência foram caracterizados de modo pormenorizado e as ferramentas Analytics do YouTube foram usadas para fornecer dados de modo a estudar o engajamento participantes. Foram analisadas as opiniões e visões dos participantes deste evento sobre os assuntos abordados nele, a partir das respostas fornecidas por 36 voluntários para as perguntas de um “Formulário Google”, cujo link foi fornecido pelo chat durante a transmissão. Esta pesquisa evidenciou que para combater desigualdades de gênero é fundamental durante a educação básica refletir criticamente acerca de estereótipos que associam a ciência ao sexo masculino e, também, apresentar episódios da História da Ciência que tratem de mulheres cientistas que foram protagonistas em suas áreas, de modo a fornecer modelos para as meninas.
Sacroiliac joint fusion navigation: how accurate is pin placement?
Authors: Comadoll Shea M. , Haselhuhn Jason J. , Sembrano Jonathan N. , Ogilvie Christian M. , Cheng Edward Y. , Jones Kristen E. , Martin Christopher T. , Polly David W.
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) fusion utilizing intraoperative navigation requires a standard reference frame, which is often placed using a percutaneous pin. Proper placement ensures the correct positioning of SIJ fusion implants. There is currently no grading scheme for evaluation of pin placement into the pelvis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of ideal percutaneous pin placement into the posterior ilium during navigated SIJ fusion.

METHODS

After IRB approval was obtained, electronic medical records and intraoperative computed tomography images of patients who underwent navigated SIJ fusion by the senior author between October 2013 and January 2020 were reviewed. A pin placement grading scheme and the definition of "ideal" placement were developed by the authors and deemed acceptable by fellow attending surgeons. Six attending surgeons completed two rounds of pin placement grading, and statistical analysis was conducted.

RESULTS

Of 90 eligible patients, 73.3% had ideal pin placement, 17.8% medial/lateral breach, and 8.9% complete miss. Male patients were 3.7 times more likely to have ideal placement than females (p < 0.05). There was no relationship between BMI, SIJ fusion laterality, or pin placement laterality and ideal placement. Interobserver reliability was 0.72 and 0.70 in the first and second rounds, respectively, and defined as "substantial agreement." Intraobserver reliability ranged from 0.74 (substantial agreement) to 0.92 (almost perfect agreement).

CONCLUSIONS

Nonideal pin placement occurred in 26.7% of cases, but a true "miss" into the sacrum was rare. Ideal pin placement was more likely in males and was not associated with BMI, SIJ fusion laterality, or pin placement laterality. The grading scheme developed has high intraobserver and interobserver reliability, indicating that it is reproducible and can be used for future studies. When placing percutaneous pins, surgeons must be aware of factors that can decrease placement accuracy, regardless of location.
Allograft nerve repair to prevent sensorimotor loss after nerve sheath tumor resection
Authors: Miranda Stephen P. , Nguyen Jessica , Gu Ben J. , Ali Zarina S. , Zager Eric L.
Published: January 2023

Acellularized nerve allografts (ANAs) have been developed as substitutes for nerve autograft to promote nerve regeneration after surgical repair. In this video, the authors demonstrate operative techniques for using ANAs to repair potentially functional nerve fascicles during tumor resection. A 67-year-old female with schwannomatosis requested resection of a painful enlarging mass of the left ulnar nerve proximal to the elbow. During surgery, neuromonitoring suggested that fascicles entering the tumor could be functional. Therefore, nerve allograft was used to repair the transected fascicles. The patient recovered with full strength and sensation in the ulnar distribution, with resolution of her preoperative symptoms.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.10.FOCVID22101
Supraclavicular approach for neonatal brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Saadeh Yamaan S. , Muhlestein Whitney E. , Yang Lynda J. S. , Smith Brandon W.
Published: January 2023

Neonatal brachial plexus palsy describes injury to the brachial plexus in the perinatal period, resulting in motor and sensory deficits of the upper arm. Nerve reconstruction, including graft repair and nerve transfers, can be used to restore function in patients whose injury does not respond to conservative management. Despite the availability of these techniques, 30%–40% of children have lifelong disability, reflecting a 10-fold underutilization of surgery. Here, the authors demonstrate a supraclavicular approach for brachial plexus exploration, as well as a spinal accessory to suprascapular nerve transfer for restoration of shoulder abduction and external rotation.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.10.FOCVID22109
Distal nerve transfer (PT-AIN, SUP-PIN) for regaining hand function in C8, T1 root injury following extirpation of the right C8, T1 schwannoma
Authors: Rasulić Lukas , Savić Andrija , Grujić Jovan , Mićić Aleksa , Radojević Stefan , Ivić Jasmina , Lepić Milan
Published: January 2023

A 48-year-old female was admitted to the authors’ department due to hand weakness as a consequence of C8, T1 root injury. Eight months earlier, the patient had been treated by a pulmonary surgeon due to an expansive lesion near the apex of the right lung, which resulted in right lower brachial plexus palsy. Postoperative pathohistological findings indicated that the lesion was nerve schwannoma. The diagnostic process included physical examination, electromyoneurography, and MRI. A distal nerve transfer (pronator teres–anterior interosseus nerve [PT-AIN], supinator–posterior interosseus nerve [SUP-PIN]) was performed in order to restore hand function.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.10.FOCVID22110
Transfer of extensor carpi radialis brevis branch of radial nerve to anterior interosseous nerve for lower trunk brachial plexopathy after motor vehicle accident
Authors: Westrup Alison M. , Prather Kiana Y. , Zhao Xiaochun , Stephens Mark E. , Jea Andrew H.
Published: January 2023

The patient is a 15-year-old male who sustained injury to his right lower brachial plexus (C8–T1) in a motor vehicle accident. Six months after the injury, the patient still had persistent hand weakness and wished to regain function in his first and second digits. Transfer of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) branch of the radial nerve to the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) was performed to restore motor function. The patient did well after the surgery, although it may take 12–24 months for benefits to fully manifest. Pertinent surgical anatomy and techniques are highlighted in this video demonstration.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/rr10.3171/2022.10.FOCVID2287
Partial hypoglossal-facial neurorrhaphy: a surgical technique
Authors: Yeole Ujwal , Ferrucci Lissandro , Murga Horacio , Socolovsky Mariano
Published: January 2023

This is a video demonstration of hemihypoglossal-facial neurorrhaphy. Any irreversible facial palsy more than House-Brackmann grade II is aesthetically problematic. Also, the functional and psychological impact associated with a higher grade of facial palsy is even worse.

In this video, the procedure is demonstrated in a female patient with irreversible grade VI facial palsy and corneal opacity due to exposure keratitis 1 year following surgical excision of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) schwannoma. Postoperative outcomes are shown in another patient who underwent a similar procedure for establishing outcomes. The nasolabial fold and eye closure symmetry can be achieved with minimal or no hypoglossal morbidity.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.10.FOCVID2290
Masseter-to-facial nerve transfer for facial nerve reanimation
Authors: Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Karsy Michael , Eli Ilyas M. , Agarwal Jayant P. , Gociman Barbu , Mahan Mark A.
Published: January 2023

Smooth symmetric facial muscle function is important for social interactions. When lesions of the facial nerve occur, achieving complete restoration of balanced and spontaneous facial function can be challenging. In this video, the authors demonstrate the surgical details and long-term follow-up of a masseter-to-facial nerve transfer in a 3-year-old girl who had insidious onset of a left facial palsy due to a facial nerve schwannoma. After resection, she underwent distal nerve repair with a masseter-to-zygomatic branch transfer. She demonstrated decreased lagophthalmos and good activation and excursion on the left side with near symmetry to the right side, but lacked left frontalis function.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.9.FOCVID22107
Distal anterior interosseous nerve to ulnar nerve motor branch reverse end-to-side transfer in a case of severe ulnar neuropathy
Authors: Pathiyil Rajesh Krishna , Elzinga Kate , Umansky Daniel , Midha Rajiv
Published: January 2023

Reverse end-to-side (RETS) distal transfer is gaining popularity in cases of proximal nerve damage with the nerve in continuity, allowing the nerve to potentially retain its ability to regenerate and recover. While preserving the original axon pool, RETS could provide an additional pool of motor axons and/or possibly "babysit" the muscle endplates and distal denervated nerve Schwann cells until reinnervation from the original pool occurs. The authors present a video demonstrating anterior subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve at the elbow coupled with a distal anterior interosseous nerve to ulnar nerve RETS in a case of severe posttraumatic ulnar neuropathy at the elbow.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.9.FOCVID2282
Selective denervation for cervical dystonia
Authors: Bauman Megan M. J. , Lakomkin Nikita , Spinner Robert J.
Published: January 2023

Cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) is a condition that involves sustained, involuntary contraction of neck and shoulder muscles, leading to abnormal movements and head posture. The authors present the case of a 41-year-old man with severe right rotational torticollis for 1.5 years due to predominant right cervical paraspinal and left sternocleidomastoid muscle hyperactivity. Following failed medical management, the patient elected to undergo surgical treatment for his torticollis. In their video, the authors discuss the steps of selective denervation using a modified Bertrand procedure, highlighting the associated anatomy and surgical planes. At the 1.5-year follow-up, the patient had no pain and his head position remained straight.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.9.FOCVID2291
A Pre-performance Routine Intervention on Golf Putting Distraction and Loss of Attentional Control
Authors: Li Zhuofeng
Published: January 2023

A young elite golfer, Judith, is about to compete in her second year on the professional circuit. She perceived that her choking situation might be a result of debilitative anxiety, poor focus, low confidence, and a lack of perceived control. To prevent choking and improve her ability to focus during pre-performance, the author orients with the Cognitive-behavioral Approach, and employs the Cognitive-Behavioral Consultation Model throughout her intervention in different phases. The followup evaluation of the mental skills and the intervention effectiveness such as the Reflective Questioning and CSAI-2R questionnaire are also employed. It is implicated that the pre-performance routine intervention program can be generalized to a wilder scope of populations in sport with similar situations. Future research can consider tracking the player’s performance and making relevant refinements for the intervention program.
Implementasi Morning Activity dalam Pembinaan Akhlak Mulia Peserta Didik SD Laboratorium Percontohan UPI Kampus Serang
Authors: Safira Nurul , Robiansyah Firman , Darmawan Darmawan
Published: January 2023

This study aims to find out, analyze and describe the process of implementing morning activity and the implications of morning activity in fostering students' noble morals. The research approach used is a qualitative approach with a case study method. This study was conducted by taking data in the high class as the main subject through several data collections such as participant obervation, semistructured interviews, and questionnaires. The location of this study is at the UPI Pilot Laboratory Elementary School, Serang Campus. Based on the results of the study, 6 morning activity habituation programs were obtained including dhuha prayers, flag ceremonies, literacy, muraja'ah, tahfidz and tahsin, as well as jumroh / jumsih / skj. The implementation of this activity is carried out before class hours begin according to the schedule of daily activities and in the process of implementation is accompanied by the teacher. The implications of this morning activity on high-grade learners can be seen from the results of a questionnaire filled out by 36 respondents. The results showed that 84% of students answered appropriately and 16% of students answered incorrectly. This shows that there are very large implications of morning activity habituation for the development of noble morals of students, especially for students in grades IV, V, and VI.
Meningkatkan kemampuan kader posyandu balita dalam mengenal attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) pada anak pra sekolah
Authors: Adiputra I Made Sudarma , Yanti Ni Luh Gede Puspita , Faidah Nurul , Muliawati Ni Kadek , Oktaviani Ni Putu Wiwik
Published: January 2023

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder adalah gangguan dalam peningkatan aktivitas motorik anak-anak sehingga menyebabkan aktivitas anak-anak yang tidak lazim dan cenderung berlebihan. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) menjadi sorotan dan perhatian utama di kalangan medis maupun masyarakat umum karena gangguan ADHD merupakan gangguan kesehatan jiwa yang paling banyak terjadi pada anak-anak,  PKM ini bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan kader balita  dalam mengenal attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pada anak pra sekolah. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan pada kader posyandu balita untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal ADHD pada anak prasekolah, 7 orang kader posyandu balita berpartisipasi dalam PKM ini, rangkaian kegiatan pertama dalam PKM ini adalah melakukan pre-test pengetahuan kader tentang ADHD yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan Pendidikan kesehatan, tahap terakhir dilakukan post-test kembali. Hasil PKM ini didapatkan rerata skor pengetahuan kader sebelum mendapatkan edukasi dengan media modul mengenal ADHD untuk anak prasekolah sebesar 4, sedangkan setelah edukasi meningkat menjadi 12,14. Ada peningkatan skor pengetahuan sebesar 8,14 poin dan peningkatan tersebut bermakna secara statistik. Pendidikkan kesehatan/edukasi diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang ADHD untuk kader balita. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang bertemakan tentang meningkatkan kemampuan kader balita dalam mengenal attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pada anak pra sekolah di Desa Saba wilayah kerja puskesmas 2 Blahbatuh berjalan lancar dan bermanfaat bagi peningkatan pengetahuan kader kesehatan.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP PRODUKSI PADI SAWAH IRIGASI PEDESAAN (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Sadananya Kabupaten Ciamis)
Authors: Lismawati Lismawati , Isyanto Agus Yuniawan
Published: January 2023

Produksi padi sebagai salah satu pendukung ketahanan pangan terkait dengan sistem irigasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap produksi padi sawah irigasi pedesaan. Ukuran sampel 82 orang yang ditentukan dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin dari 458 orang. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap produksi padi sawah irigasi pedesaan dianalisis dengan menggunakan fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lahan, pupuk urea, pupuk organik dan tenaga kerja berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi; sedangkan benih, pupuk NPK dan pestisida tidak berpengaruh nyata.
El docente investigador como factor de transformación de la sociedad: reflexión sobre su papel en la construcción de saberes, su propia práctica y la construcción de redes de conocimiento.
Authors: Martínez Madrigal Jenny Paola , Puerto Zabala Paola , Présiga Vargas Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2023

El escrito presenta una reflexión en torno al papel del docente investigador como factor de transformación social a partir de su rol en la universidad y su participación en las funciones sustantivas de docencia, investigación y extensión. Se analiza la forma como a partir de sus acciones contribuye a la construcción de saberes, al mejoramiento de su propia práctica y a la construcción de redes de conocimiento que involucre al estudiante con la acción de investigar para que aporte a su contexto y responda a las necesidades de la sociedad. La reflexión se hace a partir de la consulta de veinte artículos de investigación sobre la investigación en el quehacer docente. Se concluye que la investigación exige un perfil del docente que le permita actuar en varios escenarios donde sus decisiones influyen directamente sobre el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas en el estudiante y la construcción de una cultura de investigación.
Una mirada a los retos en la transición de la educación análoga a la digital en la post pandemia
Authors: Velásquez Mercedes , Mendoza Molina Marisol , Pallares Quintero Tomas Alfonso
Published: January 2023

Este artículo hace una revisión de algunos de los retos que enfrenta la educación en la post pandemia. Enfrentar el COVID 19 ocasionó a nivel global confinamientos y traumatismo en todos los ámbitos públicos y privados en el mundo entero, la educación no es ajena a ello. En América Latina, particularmente Colombia, se notó la poca preparación para afrontar esta situación, a causa de la mínima inversión de los gobiernos en la educación. En particular se aborda cuatro desafíos. El primero, referido a la actualización del paradigma educativo en donde se muestra que la escuela estaba rezagada en la asimilación de la nueva realidad digital. El segundo, la necesidad de educar a los estudiantes en las competencias socioemocionales para ser agentes activos en el aprendizaje. El tercero, la incorporación activa de la tecnología a la educación donde se expresa la importancia del uso de las nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), plataformas digitales y los beneficios que éstas ofrecen a la escuela. El cuarto, se da una mirada a la infraestructura educativa, especialmente la digital, en las instituciones educativas públicas en Colombia, realizando una crítica a las políticas educativas nacionales, comparado con algunos avances en la región.
C1 Fixation by (Fc)5µ Fragment
Authors: Bubb Martin O. , Conradie Jan D.
Published: January 2023

The ability of C1 to bind to (Fc)5µ-fragment of a monoclonal IgM was determined by means of a hemolytic C1-inhibition assay. (Fc)5µ-fragments were produced by trypsin digestion at five different temperatures ranging from 54 to 62°C (2°C increments) and were purified by immunoadsorption through a column of monospecific anti-Fabµ and by molecular exclusion chromatography. Analytical ultracentrifugation showed the final preparations to be free of aggregates. A plot of µg (Fc)5µ required to inhibit 50% of available C1 (Z = 1 to 1.5) vs temperature of production of the fragment, yielded a curve with a minimum (5 µg) at 58 to 60°C. Upon mild reduction and alkylation of these (Fc)5µ's their C1-fixing capacity reverted to being approximately the same (60 µg) irrespective of temperature of production. (Fc)5µ was also prepared at 25°C in the presence of 5 M urea, purified by immunoadsorption as before and aliquots then exposed to temperatures ranging from 40 to 70°C (5°C increments) for 15 min.
Isolation of Alternative Pathway C3 Convertases Formed in the Presence of C3 Nephritic Factor (C3NeF)
Authors: Daha M. R. , Fearon D. T. , Austen K. F.
Published: January 2023

Interaction of C3b or EAC43, an erythrocyte intermediate bearing C3b, with B and D̄ results in formation of a labile fluid phase or cell-bound alternative pathway C3-convertase, . C3NeF, purified free of antigenic and functional activated properdin, stabilizes the labile convertase site on EAC43B and thus its capacity to stabilize and permit isolation of fluid phase C3B was examined.

Reaction mixtures containing 3.40 µg 131I-C3 (C3*) or 1.86 µg 125I-B (B*) alone, C3* and B*, C3*, B* and 5 ng D̄, and C3*, B*, D̄ and 0.1 units C3NeF in 100 µ1 DGVB++ were incubated for 30 min at 30°C, assessed for residual C3* and B* hemolytic activities, and 75 µl subjected to sucrose density ultracentrifugation (UCF). Interaction of C3* and B* did not diminish their hemolytic activities or alter UCF-characteristics. The presence of D̄ resulted in 76% depletion of B* and C3* hemolytic activities, but no convertase activity was recognized in the UCF fractions and B* and C3* sedimented at 5.9 S and 8.2 S, respectively.
The Allotyping of Complement Components in Whole Serum by Iso-Electric Focusing in Gel followed by Specific Haemolytic Assay
Authors: Hobart M. J. , Lachmann P. J.
Published: January 2023

Specific in gel hemolytic assays previously described by this laboratory have been used to detect complement components after the separation of the proteins of whole serum by isoelectric focusing. Characteristic band patterns for C4, C2, C5, C6, C7, and factors B and D have so far been seen after isoelectric focusing in thin polyacrylamide gel slabs.

The genetic polymorphism in Factor B is easily demonstrated by this method and a hitherto undescribed allele has been found.

A common polymorphism with a uniform distribution in different populations has been found for C6. Not less than four “rare” C6 alleles have been found in addition to the two common ones. Furthermore, in conjunction with Dr. C. A. Alper, a family has been shown to carry a “silent” C6 allele. It has not so far been possible to establish linkage between the C6 gene and other gentic markers. These include HL-A, red cell groups, C3 polymorphism, and C1̄-inhibitor deficiency.
Isolation and Characterization of Guinea Pig Properdin Using an EAC4h3g Intermediate
Authors: Nicholson A. , Austen K. F.
Published: January 2023

The properdin assay consisted of incubating 0.1 ml of an EAC4h3g (1 × 108) suspension in DGVB++ containing limited factor B and excess D̄, plus 0.1 ml of serum fractions for 5 min at 30C. Then 0.3 ml of guinea pig serum diluted 1:4 in 0.04 M EDTA buffer was added and the mixtures were incubated for 60 min at 37°C. One unit of properdin was defined as the reciprocal of the dilution of properdin which gave a Z of 1.0 above the background lysis caused by limited B and excess D̄ alone. The EAC4h3g intermediate was made by modifying the procedure described by Fearon et al. for making EAC4h3h (J. Exp. Med. 138:1305, 1975). Factors B and D̄ were purified from guinea pig serum by modifications of previously published methods (Brade et al., J. Immunol. 109:1174, 1972 and 112:1845, 1974). The factor B preparation contained 1495 units/O.D.280; the factor D̄ preparation contained 10,450 units/O.D.280.
Studies on the Mechanism of Immune Cytolysis
Authors: Okada H.
Published: January 2023

Sheep erythrocytes (E) and mouse mammary tumor cells (MM102) were sensitized with F(ab′)2 antibodies which had been prepared by pepsin digestion after passage through a Sepharose column coupled with anti-Fc to remove intact IgG. Those cells were lyzed at the incubation with rabbit serum (RaS) or guinea pig serum (GPS). Since E-F(ab′)2 did not fix C1 (E-F(ab′)2 was incubated with purified C1, and the fixed C1 to the cells was examined with C1 transfer to EAC4) and did not react with 125I-anti-Fc, the possibility was excluded that intact IgG antibodies had been remaining in the F(ab′)2 fraction. However no hemolysis of E-F(ab′)2 was observed at the incubation with C4-deficient GPS. To examine the effect of natural antibody, E, E-IgG (slightly sensitized) as well as E-F(ab′)2 were treated with EDTA-serum and the cells were incubated with 1/40 GPS after washing with GVB++. By the treatment with EDTA-serum, the hemolysis of E-F(ab′)2 was remarkably enhanced.
Inefficient Utilization of the Fifth Component of Guinea Pig Complement in Cobra Venom Factor-Induced Complement Lysis; Efficient Utilization of Human C5
Authors: Vogt W. , Lynen R. , Schmidt G. , Dieminger L.
Published: January 2023

Interaction of cobra venom factor with properdin Factors B and D̄ leads to generation of a C3- and C5-cleaving enzyme complex consisting of CVF and the larger fragment (Bb) of Factor B (Vogt et al., Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 355:171, 1974). On incubation with EDTA-serum (C-EDTA) and red cells the CVFB̄ complex activates the terminal complement sequence and induces hemolysis (Pickering et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 62:521, 1969). Hunsicker et al. (J. Immunol. 110:128, 1973) found that this indirect lysis involving activation of C5 in the fluid phase and subsequent cell fixation of C, C8 and C9, is inefficient when guinea pig C-EDTA is used but becomes marked when a trace of human serum is added. The enhancing activity provisionally called “Factor E” by Hunsicker et al., has been purified from human serum and identified as the fifth component of human complement, by immunoelectrophoresis, reaction with anti-C5 antiserum and functional tests.