bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of ATM and DNA-PK Inhibition on Gene Expression and Individual Response of Human Lymphocytes to Mixed Beams of Alpha Particles and X-Rays
Authors: Cheng Lei , Brzozowska-Wardecka Beata , Lisowska Halina , Wojcik Andrzej , Lundholm Lovisa
Published: December 2019

Accumulating evidence suggests a synergistic effect in cells simultaneously exposed to different types of clustered and dispersed DNA damage. We aimed to analyse the effect of mixed beams of alpha particles and X-rays (1:1 dose of each) on DNA damage response genes in human peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from four donors. Two donors were compared upon inhibition of ATM or DNA-PK and at different sampling times. qPCR was used to measure mRNA levels of FDXR, GADD45A, BBC3, MDM2, CDKN1A, and XPC 24 h following exposure. Generally, alpha particles and mixed beams were stronger inducers of gene expression compared to X-rays, displaying saturated versus linear dose–response curves, respectively. Three out of four donors responded synergistically to mixed beams. When two donors were sampled again one year later, the former additive effect in one donor was now synergistic and no significant difference in intrinsic radiosensitivity was displayed, as determined by gamma-radiation-induced micronuclei. ATM, but not DNA-PK inhibition, reduced the radiation-induced gene expression, but differently for alpha radiation between the two donors. In conclusion, synergy was present for all donors, but the results suggest individual variability in the response to mixed beams, most likely due to lifestyle changes.
Dose-Limiting Organs at Risk in Carbon Ion Re-Irradiation of Head and Neck Malignancies: An Individual Risk-Benefit Tradeoff
Authors: Held Thomas , Harrabi Semi B. , Lang Kristin , Akbaba Sati , Windisch Paul , Bernhardt Denise , Rieken Stefan , Herfarth Klaus , Debus Jürgen , Adeberg Sebastian
Published: December 2019

Background: Carbon ion re-irradiation (CIR) was evaluated to investigate treatment planning and the consequences of individual risk-benefit evaluations concerning dose-limiting organs at risk (OAR). Methods: A total of 115 consecutive patients with recurrent head and neck cancer (HNC) were analyzed after initial radiotherapy and CIR at the same anatomical site. Toxicities were evaluated in line with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 4.03. Results: The median maximum cumulative equivalent doses applied in fractions of 2 Gy (EQD2) to the brainstem, optic chiasm, ipsilateral optic nerve, and spinal cord were 56.8 Gy (range 0.94–103.9), 51.4 Gy (range 0–120.3 Gy), 63.6 Gy (range 0–146.1 Gy), and 28.8 Gy (range 0.2–87.7 Gy). The median follow up after CIR was 24.0 months (range 2.5–72.0 months). The cumulative rates of acute and late severe (≥grade III) side effects after CIR were 1.8% and 14.3%. Conclusion: In recurrent HNC, an individual risk-benefit tradeoff is frequently inevitable due to unfavorable location of tumors in close proximity to vital OAR. There are uncertainties about the dose tolerance of OAR after CIR, which warrant increased awareness about the potential treatment toxicity and further studies on heavy ion re-irradiation.
Pd–Co Nanoparticles Supported on Calcined Mg–Fe Hydrotalcites for the Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction in Water with High Turnover Numbers
Authors: Dong Zhenhua , Gao Pengwei , Xiao Yongmei , Chen Jing , Wang Wentao
Published: December 2019

We reveal the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction catalyzed by a Pd–Co nanocatalyst supported by Mg–Fe–CHT (calcined hydrotalcites). A variety of boronic acids and aryl halides were transformed into functionalized biphenyls in excellent yields using water as a solvent. The reaction could proceed under mild conditions with a simple operation and high turnover numbers. The excellent catalytic activities are reasonably attributed to the Co-doping, which forms a Pd–Co alloy on the surface of CHT.
Adenosine A1-A2A Receptor-Receptor Interaction: Contribution to Guanosine-Mediated Effects
Authors: Lanznaster Débora , Massari Caio M. , Marková Vendula , Šimková Tereza , Duroux Romain , Jacobson Kenneth A. , Fernández-Dueñas Víctor , Tasca Carla I. , Ciruela Francisco
Published: December 2019

Guanosine, a guanine-based purine nucleoside, has been described as a neuromodulator that exerts neuroprotective effects in animal and cellular ischemia models. However, guanosine’s exact mechanism of action and molecular targets have not yet been identified. Here, we aimed to elucidate a role of adenosine receptors (ARs) in mediating guanosine effects. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of guanosine in hippocampal slices from A2AR-deficient mice (A2AR−/−) subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD). Next, we assessed guanosine binding at ARs taking advantage of a fluorescent-selective A2AR antagonist (MRS7396) which could engage in a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) process with NanoLuc-tagged A2AR. Next, we evaluated functional AR activation by determining cAMP and calcium accumulation. Finally, we assessed the impact of A1R and A2AR co-expression in guanosine-mediated impedance responses in living cells. Guanosine prevented the reduction of cellular viability and increased reactive oxygen species generation induced by OGD in hippocampal slices from wild-type, but not from A2AR−/− mice. Notably, while guanosine was not able to modify MRS7396 binding to A2AR-expressing cells, a partial blockade was observed in cells co-expressing A1R and A2AR. The relevance of the A1R and A2AR interaction in guanosine effects was further substantiated by means of functional assays (i.e., cAMP and calcium determinations), since guanosine only blocked A2AR agonist-mediated effects in doubly expressing A1R and A2AR cells. Interestingly, while guanosine did not affect A1R/A2AR heteromer formation, it reduced A2AR agonist-mediated cell impedance responses. Our results indicate that guanosine-induced effects may require both A1R and A2AR co-expression, thus identifying a molecular substrate that may allow fine tuning of guanosine-mediated responses.
An Investigation of a Feature-Level Fusion for Noisy Speech Emotion Recognition
Authors: Sekkate Sara , Khalil Mohammed , Adib Abdellah , Ben Jebara Sofia
Published: December 2019

Because one of the key issues in improving the performance of Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) systems is the choice of an effective feature representation, most of the research has focused on developing a feature level fusion using a large set of features. In our study, we propose a relatively low-dimensional feature set that combines three features: baseline Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs), MFCCs derived from Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) sub-band coefficients that are denoted as DMFCC, and pitch based features. Moreover, the performance of the proposed feature extraction method is evaluated in clean conditions and in the presence of several real-world noises. Furthermore, conventional Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) classifiers are employed for comparison. The proposal is tested using speech utterances of both of the Berlin German Emotional Database (EMO-DB) and Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture (IEMOCAP) speech databases through speaker independent experiments. Experimental results show improvement in speech emotion detection over baselines.
Imaging Measurement of Whole Gut Transit Time in Paediatric and Adult Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis
Authors: Sharif Hayfa , Devadason David , Abrehart Nichola , Stevenson Rebecca , Marciani Luca
Published: December 2019

Background: functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are common conditions in children and adults, often associated with abnormalities of whole gut transit. Currently, transit tests can be performed using several imaging methods, including tracking of radiopaque markers, gamma scintigraphy with the use of radioisotopes, magnetic tracking methods, tracking of movement of wireless motility capsules, and emerging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approaches. Objectives: to review recent literature on diagnostic imaging techniques used to investigate whole gut transit in FGIDs. Methods: a systematic review was carried out. The different techniques are described briefly, with particular emphasis on contemporary literature and new developments, particularly in the field of MRI. Conclusions: emerging MRI capsule marker methods are promising new tools to study whole gut transit in FGIDs.
Improving Person-Centered Access to Dental Care: The Walk-In Dental Encounters in Non-Emergency Situations (WIDENESS)
Authors: Gulion Noémie , Vergnes Jean-Noel
Published: December 2019

Background: We hypothesized that access to dental care could be improved by the conceptualization of a new type of consultation: The walk-in dental encounter for non-emergency situations (WIDENESS). The aim of this study was to assess patient perspectives regarding walk-in dental consultations, with a particular focus on non-emergency situations. Methods: We followed a qualitative research approach using a semi-structured interview guide in a sample of random participants recruited from the dental department of the Toulouse University Hospital, France. We performed a thematic analysis of the interview transcripts. Data saturation was obtained after interviewing 11 participants. Results: When asked about walk-in dental consultations, three main topics emerged: (1) Walk-in dental consultation in general is important for emergency situations, but WIDENESS did not correspond to any specific long-standing need from participants; (2) WIDENESS could be a way to improve access to oral care (facilitating access to care relative to time constraints, reduction of dentist-related anxiety, better overall follow-up for the care pathway, and the complementary nature of consultations with and without appointments); and (3) WIDENESS has some potential drawbacks—apprehension about long waiting times was mentioned by several participants. Conclusions: Participants found the idea of WIDENESS promising, despite spontaneously mentioned reservations, which constitute major challenges to its implementation.
Ordering of Trotterization: Impact on Errors in Quantum Simulation of Electronic Structure
Authors: Tranter Andrew , Love Peter J. , Mintert Florian , Wiebe Nathan , Coveney Peter V.
Published: December 2019

Trotter–Suzuki decompositions are frequently used in the quantum simulation of quantum chemistry. They transform the evolution operator into a form implementable on a quantum device, while incurring an error—the Trotter error. The Trotter error can be made arbitrarily small by increasing the Trotter number. However, this increases the length of the quantum circuits required, which may be impractical. It is therefore desirable to find methods of reducing the Trotter error through alternate means. The Trotter error is dependent on the order in which individual term unitaries are applied. Due to the factorial growth in the number of possible orderings with respect to the number of terms, finding an optimal strategy for ordering Trotter sequences is difficult. In this paper, we propose three ordering strategies, and assess their impact on the Trotter error incurred. Initially, we exhaustively examine the possible orderings for molecular hydrogen in a STO-3G basis. We demonstrate how the optimal ordering scheme depends on the compatibility graph of the Hamiltonian, and show how it varies with increasing bond length. We then use 44 molecular Hamiltonians to evaluate two strategies based on coloring their incompatibility graphs, while considering the properties of the obtained colorings. We find that the Trotter error for most systems involving heavy atoms, using a reference magnitude ordering, is less than 1 kcal/mol. Relative to this, the difference between ordering schemes can be substantial, being approximately on the order of millihartrees. The coloring-based ordering schemes are reasonably promising—particularly for systems involving heavy atoms—however further work is required to increase dependence on the magnitude of terms. Finally, we consider ordering strategies based on the norm of the Trotter error operator, including an iterative method for generating the new error operator terms added upon insertion of a term into an ordered Hamiltonian.
Using Approximate Computing and Selective Hardening for the Reduction of Overheads in the Design of Radiation-Induced Fault-Tolerant Systems
Authors: Aponte-Moreno Alexander , Restrepo-Calle Felipe , Pedraza Cesar
Published: December 2019

Fault mitigation techniques based on pure software, known as software-implemented hardware fault tolerance (SIHFT), are very attractive for use in COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) microprocessors because they do not require physical modification of the system. However, these techniques cause software overheads that may affect the efficiency and costs of the overall system. This paper presents a design method of radiation-induced fault-tolerant microprocessor-based systems with lower execution time overheads. For this purpose, approximate computing and selective fault mitigation software-based techniques are used; thus it can be used in COTS devices. The proposal is validated through a case study for the TI MSP430 microcontroller. Results show that the designer can choose among a wide spectrum of design configurations, exploring different trade-offs between reliability, performance, and accuracy of results.
A Miniaturized Wideband Bandpass Filter Using Quarter-Wavelength Stepped-Impedance Resonators
Authors: Liu Liqin , Zhang Ping , Weng Min-Hang , Tsai Chin-Yi , Yang Ru-Yuan
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we present a simple method to design a miniaturized wideband bandpass filter with suppression of the third harmonic, using only two quarter-wavelength stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs). The resonant modes of the quarter-wavelength SIR, depending on the impedance ratio (K) and electrical length ratio (α), are discussed first. As to setting the resonant frequency of the SIR for the lower band edge of the required band, the size parameters of two quarter-wavelength SIRs can be determined by selecting the desired impedance ratio (K) and length ratio (α). By using the opposite directional arrangement of two SIRs with direct taped input/output ports, the wideband response can be formed. A filter example is shown in this study to address this simple design procedure. The measured results of the fabricated filter have a wide passband response from 3.3 to 5.8 GHz, with an insertion loss of 1.5 dB, a return loss of 20 dB, an extended bandwidth ration of 55%, a low-average group delay of less than 0.75 ns, and a stopband from 6 to 12 GHz, with an attenuation level of 20 dB. Due to the similar 0° feeding, a transmission zero at 8.3 GHz appears near the band edge; thus, improving the band selectivity. The proposed filter can have a very simple structure and a miniature size. Simulated results and measured results are in good agreement.
Energy Storage Sizing Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis Based on Wind Power Forecast Error Compensation
Authors: Yu Xiaodong , Dong Xia , Pang Shaopeng , Zhou Luanai , Zang Hongzhi
Published: December 2019

To better track the planned output (forecast output), energy storage systems (ESS) are used by wind farms to compensate the forecast error of wind power and reduce the uncertainty of wind power output. When the error compensation degree is the same, the compensation interval is not unique, different compensation intervals need different ESS sizing. This paper focused on finding the optimal compensation interval not only satisfied the error compensation degree but also obtained the max profit of the wind farm. First, a mathematical model was proposed as well as a corresponding optimization method aiming at maximizing the profit of the wind farm. Second, the effect of the influencing factors (compensation degree, electricity price, ESS cost, and wind penalty cost) on the optimal result was fully analyzed and deeply discussed. Through the analysis, the complex relationship between the factors and the optimal results was found. Finally, the comparison between the proposed and traditional method was given, and the simulation results showed that the proposed method can provide a powerful decision-making basis for ESS planning in current and future market.
The Environmental Assessment on Chinese Logistics Enterprises Based on Non-Radial DEA
Authors: Liu Jie , Yuan Chunhui , Li Xiaolong
Published: December 2019

Under the new situation of economic development in China, the logistics industry is facing unbalanced development regarding economic and environmental performance. From the enterprise level, this study investigated the sustainability of Chinese logistics based on the environmental assessment data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, and measured the unified efficiency of a logistics company under two different production arrangement strategies. The empirical measurement provides several findings. First, logistics enterprises give higher priority to operational benefits than environmental performance. Second, under the operational priority of production arrangement, small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) unified efficiency is better than a large enterprise, and private enterprises’ unified efficiency is better than state-owned enterprises. Moreover, the empirical study has further proved that the sustainability development of Chinese logistics is still at the primary stage; when facing trade-offs in the sustainability context, logistics companies still prioritize operational performance first. Therefore, transforming corporate strategy into an environmental sustainable priority and realizing logistics sustainability still has a long way to go, which is the backbone of realizing balanced development of both the economy and environment.
A Novel Lithium Battery Equalization Circuit with Any Number of Inductors
Authors: Lu Chusheng , Kang Longyun , Luo Xuan , Linghu Jinqing , Lin Hongye
Published: December 2019

Even with the same voltage level, different types of battery packs have different requirements for the volume of the battery equalization circuit. However, most equalization circuits have the same problem: the volume of the equalization circuit is fixed once the voltage level of the battery pack is determined. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel lithium battery equalization circuit with any number of inductors (ECANI). It can select any number of inductors less than half the number of batteries, even when the voltage level of the battery pack is determined. Simulation and experiments are used to verify the performance of the equalization circuit. The current error and the average final voltage error in the experiment are 1.69% and 0.33% lower than those in the simulation, respectively. So the circuit can achieve equalization with good accuracy.
Experimental and Numerical Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Spruce Wood
Authors: Fajdiga Gorazd , Rajh Denis , Nečemer Branko , Glodež Srečko , Šraml Matjaž
Published: December 2019

The objective of this paper is the computational and experimental study of the fracture behavior of spruce wood under quasi-static loading conditions during a three-point bending test. The experimental tests were performed on the electronic testing machine Zwick Z100 (Zwick-Roell GmbH & Co. KG, Ulm, Germany) with displacement control, according to the standard International Standard Organisation (ISO) 13061-4: 2014. The specimens were made of Norway spruce (Picea abies) wood, with dimensions of 25 mm × 25 mm in cross-section and 549 mm in length. Six tests were performed for each orientation (radial and tangential) of the wood fibres. Based on the experimental results, the computational model was created and validated by considering the mechanical responses in two different directions due to the orientation of the wood fibres. An orthotropic material model with damage evolution was selected as the computational model. The computational model was validated using the inverse procedure for the determination of the constitutive material parameters, including the damage parameters of three-point bending test specimens. A finite element method (FEM) in the framework of program package ABAQUS was used for the computational simulation, while the open code Optimax was used for the optimization procedure. Comparison between the experimental and computational force vs. the displacement response showed a very good correlation in the results for the spruce wood specimens under three-point bending tests, with Pearson′s correlation coefficient of r = 0.994 for the tangential and r = 0.988 for the radial orientation. Therefore, validation of the proposed computational model was confirmed, and can be used further in numerical simulations of the fatigue behavior of wood specimens.
Discovery and Profiling of microRNAs at the Critical Period of Sex Differentiation in Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge
Authors: Wang Xu , Zheng Yaqi , Su Shuchai , Ao Yan
Published: December 2019

Research Highlights: The critical period of sex differentiation in Xanthoceras sorbifolium was investigated. Multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified to influence female and male flower development, with some complementary functions. Background and Objectives: Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge is widely cultivated owing to its multipurpose usefulness. However, as a monoecious plant, the low female–male flowers ratio and consequent low seed yield are the main bottlenecks for industrial-scale development of seed utilization. MiRNAs play crucial regulatory roles in flower development and sex differentiation; therefore, we evaluated the roles of miRNAs in the critical period of sex differentiation in X. sorbifolium. Materials and Methods: Four small RNA libraries for female and male flower buds of the critical period of sex differentiation were constructed from paraffin-embedded sections. The miRNAs were characterized by high-throughput sequencing, and differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: There were obvious differences in male and female pistil and stamen flower buds, with elongated inflorescence and clear separation of flower buds marking the critical period of sex differentiation. A total of 1619 conserved miRNAs (belonging to 34 families) and 219 novel miRNAs were identified. Among these, 162 conserved and 14 novel miRNAs exhibited significant differential expression in the four libraries, and 1677 putative target genes of 112 differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted. These target genes were involved in diverse developmental and metabolic processes, including 17 miRNAs directly associated with flower and gametophyte development, mainly associated with carbohydrate metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism pathways. Some miRNA functions were confirmed, and others were found to be complemented. Conclusions: Multiple miRNAs closely related to sex differentiation in X. sorbifolium were identified. The theoretical framework presented herein might guide sex ratio regulation to enhance seed yield.
Technofunctional and Sensory Properties of Fermented Lupin Protein Isolates
Authors: Schlegel Katharina , Leidigkeit Anika , Eisner Peter , Schweiggert-Weisz Ute
Published: December 2019

Lupin protein isolate was fermented with eight different microorganisms to evaluate the influence on sensory profile, techno-functional properties and protein integrity. All investigated microorganisms were able to grow in lupin protein isolate. The results showed that the foaming activity in the range of 1646–1703% and the emulsifying capacity in the range of 347–595 mL of the fermented lupin protein isolates were similar to those of the unfermented ones. Protein solubility at pH 4 showed no significant changes compared to unfermented lupin protein isolate, whereas the solubility at pH 7 decreased significantly from 63.59% for lupin protein isolate to solubilities lower than 42.35% for fermented lupin protein isolate. Fermentation with all microorganisms showed the tendency to decrease bitterness from 2.3 for lupin protein isolate (LPI) to 1.0–2.0 for the fermented ones. The most promising microorganisms for the improvement of the sensory properties of lupin protein isolates were Lactobacillus brevis as it reduced the intensity of characteristic aroma impression (pea-like, green bell pepper-like) from 4.5 to 1.0. The SDS-PAGE results showed the fermentation treatment appeared not to be sufficiently effective to destruct the protein integrity and thus, deplete the allergen potential of lupin proteins. Fermentation allows the development of food ingredients with good functional properties in foam formation and emulsifying capacity, with a well-balanced aroma and taste profile.
High Energy Radiation from Spider Pulsars
Authors: Hui Chung Yue , Li Kwan Lok
Published: December 2019

The population of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) has been expanded considerably in the last decade. Not only is their number increasing, but also various classes of them have been revealed. Among different classes of MSPs, the behaviours of black widows and redbacks are particularly interesting. These systems consist of an MSP and a low-mass companion star in compact binaries with an orbital period of less than a day. In this article, we give an overview of the high energy nature of these two classes of MSPs. Updated catalogues of black widows and redbacks are presented and their X-ray/ γ -ray properties are reviewed. Besides the overview, using the most updated eight-year Fermi Large Area Telescope point source catalog, we have compared the γ -ray properties of these two MSP classes. The results suggest that the X-rays and γ -rays observed from these MSPs originate from different mechanisms. Lastly, we will also mention the future prospects of studying these spider pulsars with the novel methodologies as well as upcoming observing facilities.
The Electoral Breakthrough of the Radical Right in Spain: Correlates of Electoral Support for VOX in Andalusia (2018)
Authors: Ortiz Barquero Pablo
Published: December 2019

For a long time, Spain was thought of as an outlier because it did not have a significant radical right movement. However, the sudden popularity of VOX among voters in Andalusia has put an end to so-called “Spanish exceptionalism”. The rise of this radical right party is important for two reasons: its potential direct impact on the political system, and the way in which it will affect other political players. The purpose of this research is to explore the factors that have led voters to cast ballots for VOX during the 2018 regional elections in Andalusia. Regression analysis has been carried out in order to test some of the most widely accepted theories in the literature about the radical right vote. The results show that VOX’s vote is fundamentally dictated by broader socio-political factors related to territorial model, ideological self-identification and perception of political leaders. In this sense, two of the most accepted set of explanations—those which consider that the vote for the radical right is conditioned by economic or identity-related vulnerability—are refuted.
The Fossil Record of Darkling Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Nabozhenko Maxim V.
Published: December 2019

The fossil record of Tenebrionidae (excluding the Quartenary) is presented. In total, 122 fossil species, clearly belonging to the family, are known; some beetles were determined only to genus; 78 genera are listed in the fossil record, including 29 extinct genera. The great diversity of tenebrionids occurs in the Lower Cretaceous Lagerstätte of China (Yixian Formation), Middle Paleocene of France (Menat), Lower Eocene deposits of Germany (Geiseltal), Upper Eocene Baltic amber (Eastern Europe), Upper Eocene deposits of Florissant Formation (USA) and Miocene (Dominican amber). Tenebrionids of the following major lineages, including seven subfamilies, are currently known in the fossil record. These include the lagrioid branch (Lagriinae, Nilioninae), pimelioid branch (Pimeliinae), and tenebrioid branch (Alleculinae, Tenebrioninae, Diaperinae, Stenochiinae). The importance of the fossil record for evolutionary reconstructions and phylogenetic patterns is discussed. The oldest Jurassic and Early Cretaceous darkling beetles of the tenebrionoid branch consist of humid-adapted groups from the extant tribes Alleculini, Ctenopodiini (Alleculinae), and Alphitobiini (Tenebrioninae). Thus, paleontological evidence suggests that differentiation of the family started at least by the Middle Jurassic but does not indicate that xerophilic darkling beetles differentiated much earlier than mesophilic groups.
Effect of Critical Illness Insurance on Household Catastrophic Health Expenditure: The Latest Evidence from the National Health Service Survey in China
Authors: Li Anqi , Shi Yeliang , Yang Xue , Wang Zhonghua
Published: December 2019

Background: China fully implemented the critical illness insurance (CII) program in 2016 to alleviate the economic burden of diseases and reduce catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). With an aging society, it is necessary to analyze the extent of CHE among Chinese households and explore the effect of CII and other associated factors on CHE. Methods: Data were derived from the Sixth National Health Service Survey (NHSS, 2018) in Jiangsu Province. The incidence and intensity of CHE were calculated with a sample of 3660 households in urban and rural areas in Jiangsu Province, China. Logistic regression and multiple linear regression models were used for estimating the effect of CII and related factors on CHE. Results: The proportion of households with no one insured by CII was 50.08% (1833). At each given threshold, from 20% to 60%, the incidence and intensity were higher in rural households than in urban ones. CII implementation reduced the incidence of CHE but increased the intensity of CHE. Meanwhile, the number of household members insured by CII did not affect CHE incidence but significantly decreased CHE intensity. Socioeconomic factors, such as marital status, education, employment, registered type of household head, household income and size, chronic disease status, and health service utilization, significantly affected household CHE. Conclusions: Policy effort should further focus on appropriate adjustments, such as dynamization of CII lists, medical cost control, increasing the CII coverage rate, and improving the reimbursement level to achieve the ultimate aim of using CII to protect Chinese households against financial risk caused by illness.
Fluorescence of Size-Fractioned Humic Substance Extracted from Sediment and Its Effect on the Sorption of Phenanthrene
Authors: Shi Mei-Sheu , Huang Wei-Shiang , Hsu Liang-Fong , Yeh Yi-Lung , Chen Ting-Chien
Published: December 2019

Phenanthrene (Phe) is a toxin and is ubiquitous in the environment. The sediment humic substances (HS) that bind Phe affect the fate, transport, degradation, and ecotoxicology of Phe. This study investigated Phe sorption constants on size-fractioned HS extracted from river sediment. Fractions were identified as HHS (10 kDa to 0.45 μm), MHS (1–10 kDa), and LHS (<1 kDa). A fluorescence quenching (FQ) method was used to determine the Phe log KHS on size-fractioned HS; the values ranged from 3.97 to 4.68 L/kg-C. The sorption constant (log KHS) is a surrogate of the binding capacity between HS and Phe, where a high log KHS reduces the toxicity and degradation of Phe. The log KHS values on HHS and MHS were significantly higher than the values on LHS (p = 0.015). The SUVA254 values of HHS and MHS were also significantly higher than the LHS value (p = 0.047), while fluorescence index (FI) and S275–295 values were significantly lower than the LHS values (p < 0.005). The HHS and MHS had a higher aromaticity and more terrestrial sources than LHS. The log KHS had a significant correlation with the selected optical indicators (p < 0.002), which suggested that the HS-bound Phe was positively affected by high aromaticity, terrestrial sources, and HS molecular weight. The results demonstrated that optical methods successfully obtained log KHS and the chemical properties of fractioned HS as well as the influenced factors of log KHS. Moreover, even the LHS had a capacity to bind with Phe.
Health Needs of Trans and Gender Diverse Adults in Australia: A Qualitative Analysis of a National Community Survey
Authors: Zwickl Sav , Wong Alex , Bretherton Ingrid , Rainier Max , Chetcuti Daria , Zajac Jeffrey D. , Cheung Ada S.
Published: December 2019

There is an increasing demand for trans and gender diverse (TGD) health services worldwide. Given the unique and diverse healthcare needs of the TGD community, best practice TGD health services should be community-led. We aimed to understand the healthcare needs of a broad group of TGD Australians, how health professionals could better support TGD people, and gain an understanding of TGD-related research priorities. An anonymous online survey received 928 eligible responses from TGD Australian adults. This paper focuses on three questions out of that survey that allowed for free-text responses. The data were qualitatively coded, and overarching themes were identified for each question. Better training for healthcare professionals and more accessible transgender healthcare were the most commonly reported healthcare needs of participants. Findings highlight a pressing need for better training for healthcare professionals in transgender healthcare. In order to meet the demand for TGD health services, more gender services are needed, and in time, mainstreaming health services in primary care will likely improve accessibility. Evaluation of training strategies and further research into optimal models of TGD care are needed; however, until further data is available, views of the TGD community should guide research priorities and the TGD health service delivery.
The Relationship between Different Types of Alarm Sounds and Children’s Perceived Risk Based on Their Physiological Responses
Authors: Zhou Jiaxu , Jia Xiaohu , Xu Guoqiang , Jia Junhan , Hai Rihan , Gao Chongsen , Zhang Shuo
Published: December 2019

Due to differences in cognitive ability and physiological development, the evacuation characteristics of children are different from those of adults. This study proposes a novel method of using wearable sensors to collect data (e.g., electrodermal activity, EDA; heart rate variability, HRV) on children’s physiological responses, and to continuously and quantitatively evaluate the effects of different types of alarm sounds during the evacuation of children. In order to determine the optimum alarm for children, an on-site experiment was conducted in a kindergarten to collect physiological data for responses to different types of alarm sounds during the evacuation of 42 children of different ages. The results showed that: (1) The alarm sounds led to changes in physiological indicators of children aged 3–6 years, and the effects of different types of alarm sounds on EDA and HRV activities were significantly different (p < 0.05). Skin conductance (SC), skin conductance tonic (SCT) and skin conductance level (SCL) can be used as the main indicators for analysing EDA of children in this experiment (p < 0.05), and the indicators of ultralow frequency (ULF) and very low frequency (VLF) for HRV were not affected by the type of alarm sounds (p > 0.05). (2) Unlike adults, kindergarten children were more susceptible to the warning siren. The combined voice and warning alarm had optimal effects in stimulating children to perceive risk. (3) For children aged 3–6 years, gender had a significant impact on children’s reception to evacuation sound signals (p < 0.05): Girls are more sensitive than boys in receiving evacuation sound signals, similar to findings of studies of risk perception of adult males and females. In addition, the higher the age, the greater the sensitivity to evacuation sound signals, which accords with results of previous studies on the evacuation dynamics of children.
The Influence of Soft Tissue Therapy on Respiratory Efficiency and Chest Mobility of Women Suffering from Breast Cancer
Authors: Domaszewska Katarzyna , Pieńkowski Tomasz , Janiak Arkadiusz , Bukowska Dorota , Laurentowska Maria
Published: December 2019

The aim of the following paper was to determine the influence of soft tissue therapy on respiratory efficiency and chest mobility of women suffering from breast cancer. This study was a controlled, randomized trial. Tests were carried out in a group of patients (n = 49) who were hospitalized in the Province Polyclinic Hospital, Konin, Poland. In the study group, irrespective of the standard physical therapy program, an additional therapy program was run. The program consisted of applying specific techniques of soft tissue treatment. All patients in each term were subject to pulmonary function tests, chest mobility, and pain assessment. Statistical analysis of the obtained results of spirometry and chest mobility assessment has revealed no differences in the analyzed parameters between the examined groups in the period of joint therapeutic treatment. In the period between the third examination and the end of the 11-month-rehabilitation treatment, statistically significant differences were observed in the analyzed spirometry parameters; however, there was no difference in the parameters describing airflow in small airways (maximal expiratory flow at 50% (MEF50), peak expiratory flow (PEF) between individual groups during consecutive examinations in the course of diversified therapeutic treatment. Chest mobility assessment of the patients, performed during diversified therapeutic treatment, revealed statistically significant differences between the groups. However, there was no difference between the examined groups as far as pain sensation is concerned. Enhancing the regular rehabilitation program by including additional therapeutic methods, which are based on myofascial release and post-isometric relaxation techniques, had beneficial effects regarding respiratory system efficiency.
Lifestyle and Psychological Factors Associated with Pregnancy Intentions: Findings from a Longitudinal Cohort Study of Australian Women
Authors: Hill Briony , Ling Mathew , Mishra Gita , Moran Lisa J. , Teede Helena J. , Bruce Lauren , Skouteris Helen
Published: December 2019

Background: Preconception is a critical time for the establishment of healthy lifestyle behaviours and psychological well-being to reduce adverse maternal and offspring outcomes. This study aimed to explore relationships between preconception lifestyle and psychological factors and prospectively assessed short- (currently trying to conceive) and long-term (future parenthood aspirations) pregnancy intentions. Methods: Data from Wave 3 (age 25–30 years; n = 7656) and Wave 5 (age 31–36 years; n = 4735) from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health were used. Pregnancy intentions and parenthood aspirations were evaluated. Logistic regressions explored cross-sectional associations between demographic, lifestyle and psychological factors and pregnancy intentions/parenthood aspirations. Results: In multivariable models, parity and marital status were associated consistently with pregnancy intentions and parenthood aspirations. Few lifestyle behaviours and no psychological factors were associated with pregnancy intentions. Alcohol intake was the only behaviour associated with aspirations to have a first child. Aspirations for a second/subsequent child were associated negatively with physical activity, sitting time, diet quality, lower anxiety and higher stress. Conclusions: It appears that women are not changing their behaviours when they form a decision to try to conceive. Interventions are needed that address women’s preconception needs, to optimise lifestyle and improve health outcomes for women and their families.
Investigation of the Co-Movement Relationship between Medical Expenditure and GDP in Taiwan-Based on Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Hsueh Hsin-Pei , Wang Chien-Ming , Wu Cheng-Feng , Li Fangjhy
Published: December 2019

In this study, using the medical expenditures of the Taiwanese government and gross domestic product (GDP) as variables, the wavelet analysis method was used to empirically study the correlations and lead-lag relationships in quarterly data in the period from 1996 to 2016. In addition, the dependent population of the insured was used as the control variable. Results: After the dependent population was included as a control variable, there was a period of low- frequency (one to four years, short-term) linkage correlation, as well as a period of high- frequency (four to eight years, long-term) linkage correlation. In addition, for more than eight years, there was a high degree of linkage correlation, indicating that the linkage between medical expenditures and GDP occurred over the long- term. Moreover, since medical expenditures positively affected GDP, one-way causality was observed. However, after 2008, regardless of whether long or short- term was examined, there was almost no linkage correlation. Before 2008, the medical expenditures of the government were positively correlated with economic growth. After 2008, this effect had already disappeared. The universal health insurance system has long been denounced as a waste of medical resources. The government needs to find a new solution.
Human Health Risk Assessment and Potentially Harmful Element Contents in the Fruits Cultivated in the Southern Poland
Authors: Gruszecka-Kosowska Agnieszka
Published: December 2019

The presence of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in popularly consumed fruits in Poland was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb, Tl, and Zn contents were investigated in 21 fruit species grouped as berry, pome, stone, and shell fruits. The PHE contents belonged to the following ranges (mg/kg wet weight): Cd < limit of detection (LOD)–0.116, Co < LOD–0.062, Cu < LOD–15.5, Ni < LOD–2.23, Pb < LOD–2.07, Sb < LOD–0.240, Tl < LOD–0.110, and Zn 0.37–37.7. Their concentrations exceeded the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) set by European Union regulation for Pb only. Bioconcentration coefficient (BC) values, calculated in accordance to the PHE contents in exchangeable and acid soluble forms in soil after first step of the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure, revealed that berry fruits had potential for accumulation of Cu, Ni, Sb, and Tl; stone fruits—Cu, Sb, and Tl; pome fruits—Cu, Ni, and Sb, and shell fruit (walnut)—Cu. Human health risk assessment associated with the intake of PHEs in fruits was evaluated in terms of daily intake rates (DIR), and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk by cancer risk (CR) and hazard quotient (HQ), respectively. For Pb margin of exposure (MOE) approach was used for health risk evaluation. Daily intake rates for all PHEs were below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) values. The mean total non-carcinogenic risk values were the following: berry fruits HQ = 0.47, pome fruits HQ = 0.36, stone fruits HQ = 0.42, and shell fruits (walnut) HQ = 0.22, indicating no health hazards. The carcinogenic risk for As in walnut only under an adult intake scenario (CR = 1.98 × 10−6) was found to be above the acceptable risk level. The mean Pb health risk, according to Polish statistical intake rates, was acceptable low as the MOE value was equal to 15.7 for adults. In reference to the intake rates recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), MOE values for Pb indicated acceptable low risk both for adults (MOE = 14.0) and children (MOE = 1.64). In general, the finding of this research revealed no health risk arising from PHE consumption with fruits for the population of Poland.
Research on Progress in Combined Remediation Technologies of Heavy Metal Polluted Sediment
Authors: Zhang Min , Wang Xiangchun , Yang Long , Chu Yangyang
Published: December 2019

Heavy metals contaminated sediment has become a worldwide environmental issue due to its great harm to human and aquatic organisms. Thus, economical, effective, and environmentally-friendly remediation technologies are urgently needed. Among which, combined remediation technologies have attracted widespread attention for their unique advantages. This paper introduces combined remediation technologies based on physical-, chemical-, and bio-remediation of heavy metal polluted sediments. Firstly, the research progress in physical-chemical, bio-chemical, and inter-organismal (including plants, animals, microorganisms) remediation of heavy metal polluted sediments are summarized. Additionally, the paper analyzes the problems of the process of combined remediation of heavy metals in river sediments and outlooks the future development trends of remediation technologies. Overall, this review provides useful technology references for the control and treatment of heavy metal pollution in river sediments.
The Correlation of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and Subsequent Cardiovascular Diseases of Different Types: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Hsu Hung-Jui , Lee Chia-Yi , Chao Shih-Chun , Nien Chan-Wei , Tzeng Shih-Hao , Huang Jing-Yang , Ko Tai-Chuan , Yang Shun-Fa , Lin Hung-Yu
Published: December 2019

The aim of the present study was to survey the relationship between central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with different severities using the National Health Insurance Research Database. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Subjects with CSC were enrolled according to the relevant diagnostic codes, and an age- and gender-matched population was used as the control group with a 1:4 ratio. The main outcome being considered was the development of CVD after CSC exposure. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of CSC and CVD of different types. A total of 2865 patients that were diagnosed with CSC were enrolled in the study group, while another 11,460 non-CSC subjects were selected as the control group. There were 171 events of CVD which occurred in the study group, while another 557 cases were found in the control group. No significant differences were observed among the CVD cases between the study and control group, whether they had an acute or chronic form, according to the aHR. In the subgroup analysis, there was a significantly higher risk of CVD development in the male population aged from 40 to 59 years (aHR: 1.351, confidence interval (CI): 1.063–1.716), which was mainly due to the higher risk of mild CVD (aHR: 1.391, CI: 1.062–1.822). On the contrary, there was no significant difference in CVD development in any of the age subgroups of the female population. In conclusion, the existence of CSC is correlated with a higher rate of chronic CVD occurrence in the middle-aged male population.