bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validação de Modelo de Treinamento para Realização de Nós e Pontos Laparoscópicos em Ambiente de Simulação
Authors: Costa Grijalva Otávio Ferreira da , Rocha Hermano Alexandre Lima , Carvalho Cândida Mayara Rodrigues , Moura Junior Luiz Gonzaga de , Medeiros Francisco das Chagas
Published: April 2020

Abstract: Introduction: To evaluate the progression of competence, learning curve and degree of satisfaction with the training model of medical students undergoing training to perform laparoscopic knots in a simulator. Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal, interventional study, carried out from April 2016 to July 2017, with the participation of 52 students from the Centro Universitário Christus, Fortaleza, Brazil, from the first to the third year of medical school, undergoing theoretical practical, systematic, and methodized training, with progression of skills to perform laparoscopic knots in a simulation environment in four stages, with a total duration of 16 hours. It was established the task of performing laparoscopic stitches, with five simple knots, in the beginning and in the end, in a suture mold, in an abdominal cavity simulator, in 18 minutes. The main outcomes were time and quality of performance. The students were evaluated before the first and after all stages of the training regarding the quantity and quality of the knots or the subject of the stage and satisfaction with the training model. ANOVA and Student’s t tests were performed for the independent samples and the chi-square test for the categorical variables. For variables with serial measurements, general linear models were used. Univariate binomial models were used in the evaluation variables of the training model. P values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: The values of the medians were analyzed between the first and last stages of the training; of the number of simple knots (0.0 and 15.0) and laparoscopic knots (0.0 and 3.0), the adequacy of the sizes of the suture tail ends (0.0 and 11.0), the number of adjusted initial simple knots ( 0.0 and 3.0) and adjusted sequential ones (0.0 and 24.0). There was statistical significance in all evaluated parameters (p< 0.001). The learning curve showed that 99.1% of the students attained competence. The degree of satisfactory evaluation of the training model was considered good or great in 97% or more, with statistical relevance in 8 of the 10 evaluated statements. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that the students showed competence progression and learning curve evolution. The degree of student satisfaction in relation to the training model stages was very significant.
Short-term response of fish assemblages to instream habitat restoration in heavily impacted streams
Authors: Manzotti Angelo Rodrigo , Ceneviva-Bastos Mônica , Teresa Fabrício Barreto , Casatti Lilian
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT Habitat homogenization has been a major impact in stream ecosystems, and it is considered one of the main drivers of biotic homogenization as well, leading to the loss of water quality and fish diversity. In this study, we added artificial woody structures and leaf packs in physically impacted streams to test if the additions can improve habitat complexity and change the taxonomic and functional structure of fish communities. The experiment was done in eight streams impacted by siltation, deforestation, and habitat homogeneization, inserted in an agricultural landscape from the Upper Paraná River Basin, and lasted 112 days. The provision of artificial microhabitats increased instream habitat diversity by creating patches of organic matter deposits, changing flow, and providing substrate for grass colonization of the instream habitat. The experimental manipulation also changed fish species abundance. Nine species contributed to these changes, five decreased and four increased in abundance, indicating species responded differently to the experimental manipulation. However, overall species richness, diversity, and community functional traits remained unaltered. These results indicate that short-term habitat restoration on a local scale may not be enough to promote changes in fish community attributes of streams that are heavily impacted.
Phylogeography of the banded butterflyfish, Chaetodon striatus, indicates high connectivity between biogeographic provinces and ecosystems in the western Atlantic
Authors: Liedke Ana M.R. , Pinheiro Hudson T. , Floeter Sergio R. , Bernardi Giacomo
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT Among the four butterflyfishes of the genus Chaetodon present in the western Atlantic, the banded butterflyfish Chaetodon striatus has the largest distribution range, spanning 44 degrees of latitude (from Massachusetts, USA to Santa Catarina, Brazil). Although the ecology of the banded butterflyfish has been well studied over its entire range, nothing is known about its phylogeography and how biogeographic barriers structure its populations. To assess the level of genetic connectivity among populations from distinct biogeographic provinces and environmental conditions, we collected samples from seven localities: Puerto Rico, in the Caribbean, and Tamandaré, Salvador, Abrolhos, Trindade Island, Arraial do Cabo and Florianópolis, in Brazil. One nuclear (rag 2) and two mitochondrial (control region and cyt b) molecular markers were sequenced. Our findings are consistent with a recent population expansion, around 30-120 thousand years ago, which was found for all populations. Haplotype network analyses point to the Caribbean as a refugium before the population expansion. Results show no geographic pattern of genetic diversity. Indeed, a lack of population structure was found and no isolation was observed across oceanographic barriers, as well as between coral and rocky reef ecosystems. Furthermore, no directionality in the migration pattern was found among populations. Since ecological and environmental characteristics are very diverse across such a vast geographic range, the lack of genetic differentiation suggests that C. striatus evolved ecological plasticity rather than local adaptation in the western Atlantic.
A Century after! Rediscovery of the ancient catfish Diplomystes Bleeker 1858 (Siluriformes: Diplomystidae) in coastal river basins of Chile and its implications for conservation
Authors: Muñoz-Ramírez Carlos P. , Briones Raul , Colin Nicole , Fierro Pablo , Górski Konrad , Jara Alfonso , Manosalva Aliro
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT The ancient catfish family Diplomystidae, with seven species endemic to rivers of southern South America, represents one of the oldest branches of the diverse order Siluriformes. With most species endangered, new reports of these species become extremely valuable for conservation. Currently, it is assumed that Diplomystes species inhabit only Andean (large) basins, and that they are extinct from coastal (small) basins from which their presence have not been recorded since 1919. Here, we document new records of the family Diplomystidae in the Laraquete and Carampangue basins, two coastal basins from the Nahuelbuta Coast Range, Chile, with no previous reports. This finding represents the rediscovery of the genus in coastal basins in more than a Century. Based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences, the collected specimens were found to be closely related to Diplomystes nahuelbutaensis from the Andean Biobío Basin, but sufficiently differentiated to suggest that coastal basin populations are a different management unit. These populations are important because, contrary to previous thoughts, they prove these catfish can survive in small river networks, providing unique opportunities for research and conservation. The conservation category of Critically Endangered (CE) is recommended for the populations from the Laraquete and Carampangue basins.
Morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of the pituitary gland between a tropical Paracheirodon axelrodi and a subtropical Aphyocharax anisitsi characids (Characiformes: Characidae)
Authors: Camacho Laura Rincón , Pozzi Andrea G. , de Freitas Eliane G. , Shimizu Akio , Pandolfi Matías
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT Cardinal tetra Paracheirodon axelrodi and bloodfin tetra Aphyocharax anisitsi are two species of characids with high trade value as ornamental fish in South America. Although both species inhabit middle water layers, cardinal neon exhibits a tropical distribution and bloodfin tetra a subtropical one. Generally, these species are difficult to grow, so it becomes essential to know some key components of the neuroendocrine system to achieve their reproduction in captivity. Considering the importance of deepening the knowledge of the reproductive physiology through functional morphology, for the first time in this work we performed an anatomical, morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of the pituitary gland of these two species. In both species, a leptobasic type pituitary is found in the ventral zone of the hypothalamus and it is characterized by a neurohypophysis which has a well-developed pituitary stalk and a globular adenohypophysis. The pituitary components, characterized by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, shows a distribution pattern of cells types similar to other teleost species, with only slight differences in the distribution of βFSH and βLH for P. axelrodi.
Habitat and community structure modulate fish interactions in a neotropical clearwater river
Authors: Nunes Lucas T. , Morais Renato A. , Longo Guilherme O. , Sabino José , Floeter Sergio R.
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT Species interactions can modulate the diversity and enhance the stability of biological communities in aquatic ecosystems. Despite previous efforts to describe fish interactions in tropical rivers, the role of habitat characteristics, community structure, and trophic traits over these interactions is still poorly understood. To investigate among-habitat variation in substratum feeding pressure and agonistic interactions between fishes, we used remote underwater videos in three habitats of a clearwater river in the Central Western, Brazil. We also performed visual surveys to estimate the abundance and biomass of fishes and proposed a trophic classification to understand how these variables can affect fish interactions. Community structure was the main factor affecting the variation in the interactions among the habitats. Biomass was the main variable determining which habitat a fish will feed on, while species abundance determined with how many other species it will interact in the agonistic interaction networks for each habitat. Specific habitats are not only occupied, but also used in distinct ways by the fish community. Overall, our results demonstrate the importance of the heterogeneity of habitats in tropical rivers for the interactions performed by the fishes and how the intensity of these interactions is affected by community structure.
Integrative taxonomy reveals a new species of pacu (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae: Myloplus) from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Ota Rafaela Priscila , Machado Valéria Nogueira , Andrade Marcelo C. , Collins Rupert A. , Farias Izeni Pires , Hrbek Tomas
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT Pacus of the genus Myloplus represent a formidable taxonomic challenge, and particularly so for the case of M. asterias and M. rubripinnis, two widespread and common species that harbor considerable morphological diversity. Here we apply DNA barcoding and multiple species discovery methods to find candidate species in this complex group. We report on one well-supported lineage that is also morphologically and ecologically distinct. This lineage represents a new species that can be distinguished from congeners by the presence of dark chromatophores on lateral-line scales, which gives the appearance of a black lateral line. It can be further diagnosed by having 25-29 branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 18-24), 89-114 perforated scales from the supracleithrum to the end of hypural plate (vs. 56-89), and 98-120 total lateral line scales (vs. 59-97). The new species is widely distributed in the Amazon basin, but seems to have a preference for black- and clearwater habitats. This ecological preference and black lateral line color pattern bears a striking similarity to the recently described silver dollar Metynnis melanogrammus.
Principais Direcionadores de Compra de Carnes em Hipermercados
Authors: Sousa Lierk Kalyany Silva de , Roque-Specht Vânia Ferreira , Gomes Eduardo Monteiro de Castro
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Objetivo: a urbanização e migração para os grandes centros tem provocado mudanças no comportamento dos consumidores de carnes, não somente no que se refere a escolha do produto, mas também, ao processo de compra. Neste sentido, fatores como proximidade, disponibilidade do produto, e preço são relacionados como fatores que definem compras. Na tentativa de ampliar o entendimento sobre o que os consumidores consideram importante, este trabalho objetiva analisar os principais fatores associados ao consumo das carnes bovina, suína e de frango no Distrito Federal, Brasil. Métodos: a pesquisa foi realizada em três redes distintas de hipermercados. Realizou-se uma avaliação socioeconômica dos entrevistados, seguida da aplicação de um Survey, através de sentenças afirmativas estruturadas, categorizadas em dimensões sociocultural, econômica, saúde/alimento e ambiente. As sentenças foram avaliadas através da Escala Likert de sete pontos. Os dados socioeconômicos dos entrevistados foram analisados por testes de Qui-quadrado e as respostas obtidas por meio da Escala Likert foram transformados em Mean Item Score (MIS). Resultados e Conclusões: os resultados indicaram que o controle de qualidade de exposição das carnes nos supermercados e a praticidade de encontrar o mesmo tipo de carne em vários locais são os principais influenciadores de tomada de decisão de compra pelos consumidores.
PROSTITUIÇÃO MASCULINA E INTERSECÇÕES DESEJANTES NAS RUAS DE CAMPO GRANDE (MS)
Authors: Passamani Guilherme Rodrigues , Rosa Marcelo Victor da , Lopes Tatiana Bezerra de Oliveira
Published: April 2020

Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa maior sobre a prostituição masculina em Campo Grande (MS). Iniciada em 2016, a pesquisa aciona categorias de diferenciação que se articulam com gênero e sexualidade. No presente texto, destacamos as particularidades da prostituição masculina exercida nas ruas da cidade. Para tanto, incialmente, fazemos uma contextualização da prostituição masculina de rua no Brasil com base em uma série de trabalhos que destacam o tema. Em seguida, problematizamos os pontos de prostituição masculina de rua em Campo Grande e indicamos suas particularidades à luz das noções de dispositivo da sexualidade e biopolítica. Por fim, baseados no caso de um garoto de programa que se prostitui nas ruas da cidade, refletimos sobre as idiossincrasias locais desse negócio.
A JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DOS CONFLITOS ESCOLARES
Authors: Goethel Elisiane Spencer Quevedo , Polido Caroline , Fonseca Débora Cristina
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a judicialização das relações escolares e os aspectos punitivos e educativos das ações tomadas pela escola. Para tanto, foram analisados processos judiciais de alunos do Ensino Fundamental II que tiveram sua origem por iniciativa da escola. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental de análise qualitativa, na qual foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. O estudo aponta que as situações de violência ocorridas no âmbito da escola estão sendo direcionadas para o sistema de justiça na tentativa de que o conflito seja afastado e resolvido fora da escola.
VIOLÊNCIA E NÃO VIOLÊNCIA: IMAGENS E REPRESENTAÇÕES DE JOVENS DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Souza Liliane Pereira de
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Esta pesquisa mostra como os jovens compreendem violência e não violência através do uso de fotografias produzidas por eles. Elencou-se como objetivo central analisar o uso das fotografias como recurso de transformação, podendo ser utilizadas para retratar o que os alunos pensam, sentem e avaliam sobre a temática proposta, bem como para possibilitar o diálogo e a reflexão crítica. Participaram 16 colaboradores. Optou-se por história oral e photovoice; grupo focal, entrevista e questionário. Para a análise, foi utilizado o método de Barthes. Apresenta-se o conceito de transcriação fotográfica, elaborado pela autora desta pesquisa, que foi compreendido como “uma maneira de evidenciar um reinventar, não uma mera sucessão de imagens. Para isso, apresentam-se, também, as análises narrativas das fotografias, feitas durante as sessões de grupo focal pelos jovens colaboradores durante o processo de transcriação”
Bruchine-Predated Seeds of Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth., A Cotton Crop Weed in Santiago Del Estero, Argentina
Authors: HELMAN S. , SOBRERO M.T. , RAÑA E.
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: The insects of the family Bruchidae (Coleoptera) are important predators; their larvae feed upon and live in the seeds of a wide variety of plants. In Argentina, there not exists background information concerning the levels of predation of Ipomoea nil (Convolvulaceae) seeds caused by these insects. Thus, the aim of this work was to record the incidence of the species of the genus Megacerus as predators of I. nil seeds, an important weed affecting cotton growing in the irrigation area of Santiago del Estero. Megacerus maculiventris was the only bruchine species identified as predator of this weed. The predation percentage ranged from 0.84 to 15.66% in the agricultural years 2004-2008. It was attested that the number of predated seeds per capsule is independent from the number of seeds per fruit. However, it was proved that the insect predates just one seed per capsule and the highest predation frequency occurs in fruits containing more than three seeds. The levels of predation of I. nil by M. maculiventris are low in relation to those registered in other hosts by bruchines of the genus Megacerus.
Weed Management in Wheat by Cuscuta Alone and in Combination with Commercial Weedicides Allymax and Axial
Authors: ABDULLAH Y. , BALOCH M.S. , SHAH A.N. , HASHIM M.M. , NADIM M.A. , ULLAH G. , KHAN A.A. , SHAHZAD M.F.
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: The present study was to assess the additive effects of cuscuta (akasbel) aqueous extract alone and in combination with full and reduced doses of commercially available weedicides against weeds in wheat crop during the year 2016-2017. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The results showed that hand weeding and use of weedicides Allymax and Axial (full and half recommended doses) significantly controlled all prevailing weeds and increased yield and yield contributing parameters over the weedy check/control and sole application of cuscuta aqueous extract. Hand weeding and Allymax (full dose) showed minimum weed population, relative density, fresh and dry weed biomass and higher leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), plant height, 1000 grain weight and grain yield while net assimilation rate (NAR), chlorophyll content, number of tillers, spike length, grains spike-1 and biological yield were maximum only in hand weeding. These findings suggest that in order to attain highest wheat yield, the field should be kept free from weeds by hand weeding (if labour is not a limiting factor) or use recommended dose of weedicide Allymax for efficient weed management in wheat.
Glyphosate-Resistant Sourgrass Management Programs Associating Mowing and Herbicides
Authors: RAIMONDI R.T. , CONSTANTIN J. , MENDES R.R. , OLIVEIRA JR. R.S. , RIOS F.A.
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: Currently, sourgrass is one of the most important weeds in grain production areas in Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of associated systems composed by mowing and chemical control against clumped sourgrass. In the first experiment, different mowing heights (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm), coupled with complementary applications of glyphosate + clethodim, were evaluated on sourgrass control. The second experiment was composed by programs starting with fallow mowing at different times, 50 (early), 35 (intermediate) and 20 (late) days before soybean sowing. After mowing, treatments were followed by herbicide applications according to the need until soybean harvest. The shorter the mowing height associated with herbicide application, the better the control of sourgrass. The weed management programs (anticipated, intermediate and late) were efficient on sourgrass control during fallow and along soybean cycle. Weed management programs starting with mowing provided better or similar control compared to systems that employed chemical control only, indicating that mowing can replace one of the herbicide applications.
Lodo ativado em bateladas sequenciais como opção de pós-tratamento de efluentes de reatores UASB
Authors: Paiva Laio Ariel Leite de , Haandel Adrianus Cornelius Van , Mota Lincoln Soares
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Sistemas anaeróbios modernos de tratamento de esgoto doméstico, embora bastante eficientes na remoção de matéria orgânica e sólidos em suspensão, não produzem um efluente com qualidade compatível com os padrões legais para descarga em corpos d’água. Por essa razão, esses sistemas têm de ser associados a unidades de pós-tratamento. Este trabalho trata de uma investigação experimental sobre a viabilidade de aplicação do sistema de lodo ativado como uma alternativa do pós-tratamento, especificamente para o caso em que se prevê o efluente final para fertirrigação. Na investigação experimental, utilizou-se um reator de bateladas sequenciais (RBS), em escala laboratorial, como unidade de pós-tratamento. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que o comportamento do sistema RBS pode ser descrito como o modelo geral de lodo ativado da Associação Internacional da Água (IWA, na sigla em inglês), que resulta na definição dos aspectos fundamentais: qualidade do efluente final, consumo de oxigênio e produção de lodo. Na otimização do reator RBS, desenvolveu-se um modelo que permite estabelecer o tempo de permanência mínimo para o pós-tratamento em função de dois parâmetros básicos: a constante de utilização de material orgânico biodegradável pelas bactérias heterotróficas do lodo gerado no sistema de pós tratamento e a sedimentabilidade desse lodo. A constante de utilização de material orgânico foi determinada por testes respirométricos. O lodo gerado no sistema de pós-tratamento surpreendentemente mostrou ter uma sedimentabilidade bem superior àquela normalmente encontrada em sistemas de lodo ativado tratando esgoto bruto, o que constitui um argumento sólido para a aplicação do sistema RBS na prática de pós-tratamento do efluente do reator upflow anaerobic slugde blanket (UASB).
Avaliação do desempenho de manta geotêxtil em reator em batelada sequencial no tratamento de esgoto sanitário
Authors: Sousa Junior Oder Luiz , Mendes Carlos Gomes da Nave , Inácio Amanda Rodrigues
Published: April 2020

RESUMO No presente trabalho, foi avaliado o desempenho de um sistema de lodo ativado em batelada, com módulo de filtração, proporcionado por uma manta geotêxtil, na remoção de matéria orgânica presente em esgoto sanitário. O reator em escala piloto tinha volume útil de 85 L e foi operado durante 182 dias, com tempo total de ciclo de 24 horas de duração e idade do lodo (θc) de 25 dias. O sistema foi composto de um reator convencional (SB1), utilizado como controle e operado nas mesmas condições que o SM1, o qual utilizou a filtração em manta geotêxtil. Para confecção dos três módulos de filtração, foi utilizada uma manta sintética não tecida combinada com três tipos de espaçadores: tela antiderrapante em poliéster com revestimento em PVC (etapa I) durante 56 dias, geomanta tridimensional de filamentos de polipropileno termosoldados (etapa II) durante 49 dias e manta acrílica 100% poliéster (etapa III) durante 76 dias. A concentração de oxigênio dissolvido (OD) manteve-se na faixa de 3 mgO2.L-1, a relação alimento (A)/microrganismo (M) variou de 0,2 a 0,1 gDBO5.gSSV-1.d-1, e a carga orgânica média aplicada mudou de 0,194 a 0,267 kgDQO.m-3.d.-1. A remoção da turbidez manteve-se na faixa de 97%, a de matéria orgânica em termos de demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO5) foi de 93% e entre 87 e 93% para o parâmetro demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), com o reator SM1 apresentando valores de eficiência e estabilidade operacional superiores ao SB1.
Emissões fugitivas de biogás em camada de cobertura de solo compactado em aterro sanitário
Authors: Moreira Francisco Gleson dos Santos , Guedes Maria Josicleide Felipe , Monteiro Veruschka Escarião Dessoles , Melo Márcio Camargo de
Published: April 2020

RESUMO As emissões fugitivas de biogás podem representar parcela significativa do fluxo de gases em aterros sanitários, inviabilizar o aproveitamento energético do metano (CH4), além de oferecer riscos à saúde ambiental das comunidades circunvizinhas ao empreendimento. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as emissões fugitivas e os fatores que interferem no fluxo de biogás em camada de cobertura final (liner) de aterro sanitário. A área de estudo consistiu em uma célula de resíduos, com massa de 62.359,44 t de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) depositados, no aterro sanitário de Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. Nessa célula, foram realizadas medições das emissões fugitivas de biogás, por meio da metodologia de placa de fluxo estática, análises das concentrações de gases na interface solo-resíduo, utilizando dispositivos de medição de concentração de gases (DMC) e mapeamentos das emissões de gases na célula de resíduos, aplicando técnicas de interpolação de dados baseada na Krigagem. Foram verificados fluxos de CH4 e dióxido de carbono (CO2) variando de 0 a 0,09 e 24,62 a 331,31 g.m-2.dia-1, respectivamente. O percentual de retenção do CH4 e do CO2 pela liner foi elevado, acima de 95%, sendo influenciado principalmente pelo elevado grau de compactação (GC) médio obtido para a célula (91,84%) e pela eficiência do sistema de drenagem de gases. O mapeamento das emissões de biogás na célula de resíduos mostrou-se uma ferramenta importante na identificação das áreas com maior potencial de geração e de fluxo de biogás pela camada de cobertura.
Modelo de avaliação da viabilidade econômico-financeira da implantação de usinas de reciclagem de resíduos da construção civil em municípios brasileiros
Authors: Gularte Luis Carlos Pais , Lima José Donizetti de , Oliveira Gilson Adamczuk , Barichello Rodrigo , Pinto Michele Aparecida Nepomuceno
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral desenvolver um modelo de avaliação da viabilidade econômico-financeira da implantação de usinas de reciclagem de resíduos da construção civil e demolição (URRCD) em municípios brasileiros. O modelo de avaliação proposto para cada projeto de investimento (PI) em estudo uniu o modelo de negócio Canvas, o plano de negócios, a metodologia multi-índice proposta por Souza e Clemente (2009) e ampliada por Lima et al. (2015) por meio do aplicativo web $AVEPI. Também foi realizada uma análise de sensibilidade por meio de limites de elasticidade e valores-limite, bem como uma análise estocástica utilizando a simulação de Monte Carlo (SMC). Com base na proposição desse modelo, este foi aplicado em um estudo de caso no município de Pato Branco (PR). Os resultados mostram que há viabilidade econômico-financeira na implantação desse PI, uma vez que o valor presente líquido médio é de aproximadamente R$ 583.919,87, e a recuperação do investimento se concretizará em 12 anos (payback). Por meio da SMC, visualizou-se que há alta probabilidade (99,78%) de que o investimento na URRCD de Pato Branco seja rentável. Entretanto, os índices de elasticidade mostraram que é preciso monitorar as receitas esperadas e os custos estimados com mais atenção. Assim, será preciso um trabalho, por parte dos gestores da URRCD, em prol de sempre estarem buscando aumentar a demanda pelos agregados reciclados, como maneira de aumentar a receita da usina, desde que se respeite a sua capacidade de produção.
Uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento na otimização do traçado de sistemas adutores de abastecimento de água com a utilização de uma base de dados de alta definição
Authors: Amaral Francisco Eudes do , Cirilo José Almir , Ribeiro Neto Alfredo
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Neste trabalho discute-se um modelo de otimização multicritério baseado em Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIGs), que tem por finalidade a determinação dos locais com maior potencial para locação do traçado de adutoras por meio da utilização de variáveis de custo, bem como do melhor caminho para esse traçado. Em decorrência disso, foi possível simular rotas de custo mínimo para o traçado da adutora, considerando critérios relacionados com: as declividades e as altitudes da área, as distâncias de rios e áreas alagadas e a proximidade de rodovias. A análise leva em consideração a importância (peso) de cada critério no modelo. Para minimizar a subjetividade na escolha dos valores desses pesos, buscou-se a opinião de especialistas com relação aos critérios analisados. O método Análise Hierárquica de Pesos (AHP) foi utilizado para a ponderação dos critérios. Para aplicação da metodologia, utilizou-se como área de estudo um trecho da Adutora do Pajeú no Estado de Pernambuco e uma base de dados de alta definição do Programa Pernambuco Tridimensional (Programa PE3D), além da base de dados Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)/TOPODATA. Os resultados obtidos por meio de SIG permitiram identificar as áreas consideradas de maior aptidão para a locação do traçado da adutora e determinar uma rota otimizada para esse traçado. Na prática, significou na determinação de uma rota para implantação da tubulação da adutora, o que sugere que a utilização de SIG e técnicas de otimização pode auxiliar a tomada de decisão no que se refere aos projetos de sistemas adutores de abastecimento de água.
Performative Ethnographies of Migration and Intercultural Collaboration in Arrival Cities: Hanoi
Authors: Nguyễn Thủy Thanh , Östersjö Stefan
Published: April 2020

This video article explores the embodied experience of migration by revisiting the process of making Arrival Cities: Hanoi. This piece of experimental music theatre sought a new format for politically informed theatre that would be responsive to the challenges of a globalized society. It is built on ethnographic fieldwork carried out by the Vietnamese/Swedish group The Six Tones, in collaboration with director Jörgen Dahlqvist and the composer Kent Olofsson.The role of this ethnographic process was manifold. It was a means of a political engagement, which also created images that could be shared and transformed in the performance. In Arrival Cities: Hanoi, the stage was set so that the three performers could play their instruments, perform choreography, and tell stories. A central aim was to make the individual memories of the performers a cornerstone of the dramaturgy. We are interested in how memory is embodied and how performative ethnography can constitute a method for an ethically and artistically grounded practice, within which we also emphasize the role of empathy and the sharing of individual life stories.In this video article, we give particular attention to the choreographies that were recorded and created as part of this process. Intercultural music and theatre operate in a liminal space between traditions, where aesthetic choices are difficult to negotiate. Without trust and empathy, these negotiations cannot reach beyond the surface. In Arrival Cities: Hanoi, composer, director, and performers were all engaged in such learning processes, and the music as performed can be seen as the embodiment of a particular narrative, grounded in an intercultural collaboration. Editor's Note: The acknowledgements section was missing from the original submission. It has been added to the transcript on 20/04/2020.
Effective Lonza 4D Nucleofection with Inexpensive Homemade Buffers v1
Authors: Danner Eric
Published: April 2020

This protocol uses the Lonza 4D nucleofection system. Here I present protocols that reduce the price dramatically of using Lonza 4D equipment. 1. The 16 well strip kits are expensive. These can be washed and re-used. This allows a single strip for hundreds of nucleofection experiments. 2. The nucleofection buffers are limited (P1, P2, etc). However we have used home made buffers that effectivly target many primary cell types. We have used this Cas9 RNPs (protein/RNA) and plasmid delivery. We have used this in T and B cells, cell lines, and more. The homemade buffer used here was originally used and published in: https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/71/23/7291. It was called Amaxa V. The actual recipe used in that paper was published in the thesis here: https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-fau/frontdoor/index/index/docId/2189 Here we show a simple nucleofection of plasmid into K562.
Tn5 Library Prep for Deep Sequencing Loci of CRISPR/Cas9 Edited Cells. Single gene specific primer amplification (UDiTaS protocol with alterations) v1
Authors: Danner Eric
Published: April 2020

This is the Tn5 gDNA prep published in the supplementary file of the UDiTaS paper (https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-018-4561-9). Usage: measuring chromosome fusions, InDels, mRNA splicing, structural variants, large resection, off target integration. -> Some of these DNA repair outcomes are demonstrated using such a sample preparation in this paper (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6455975/ ). My protocol is a modified version of UDiTaS but with a few tweaks like using nested primers. You will need a protein facility to produce the recombinant Tn5. Software for analysis is on https://github.com/ericdanner or https://github.com/editasmedicine/uditas
gDNA Extraction with QuickExtract v1
Authors: Danner Eric
Published: April 2020

This uses the Quick Extract solution to rapidly obtain gDNA. I found this protocol on-line written by Patrick Hsu but can no longer find the original link. The protocol is nice because it does not require an extra vortexing step. It has worked well for hundreds of gDNA extracts. For quick work I often pellet an uncounted small amount of cells and use 30ul QE and it has always worked. This has worked for me with mouse/human T and B cells, iPSCs, HeLa, K562.
RTPCR Amplification of SARS-CoV2 Whole Genome for Illumina NGS v1
Authors: Galiano Monica , Miah Shahjahan , Lackenby Angie , Akinbami Omolola , Ellis Joanna , Zambon Maria
Published: April 2020

SUMMARY This document describes the procedure for performing RTPCR amplification for next-generation sequencing (NGS) of whole genomes from SARS-CoV2 positive clinical samples. This methodology was employed at the Respiratory Virus Unit, Microbiology Services Colindale, Public Health England (RVU-PHE) to sequence the first SARS-CoV2 positive samples. Reverse transcription (RT) is performed using random hexamer primers. PCR amplification is done using sequence-specific primers which amplify two sets of 30-31 overlapping amplicons (size 1.0 to 1.8 kb), each set independently covering the entire length of the MERS-CoV genome. Once amplicons are obtained, rough equimolar mixtures, clean-up, DNA quantitation and final dilutions are performed to prepare samples for library preparation for Illumina MiSeq next-generation sequencing (NGS). Primers from set A do not overlap location of primers from set B, except for those binding at the end of the genome (see figure 1). Amplicon mixtures from each set are treated as separate samples throughout the procedure, including assembly. Merging (or comparison) of consensus sequences of both sets is performed at the end. IMPORTANT: Please note that every amplicon is obtained in a separate PCR reaction and, if using both primer sets, there is a total of ~61 PCR reactions; this protocol is NOT a multiplex approach. We recommend using a 96-well plate per sample. ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS The use of both primer sets allows for redundancy in whole genome (WG) coverage, which increases the chances of obtaining full genome sequences when samples have low viral load. Although we haven’t formally determined the sensitivity of this assay (or limit of amplification of WG), we have obtained full coverage with samples with CT values of up to 38 (CT value obtained at RVU-PHE with RdRp gene detection within the SARS-CoV2 detection protocol as described by Corman et al. [1]). Variation in storage or transport conditions of samples may affect the integrity of viral nucleic acids. Another advantage of this protocol is that, as primers from set A and B match different locations on the genome, direct comparison of the sequences obtained with each set allows for curation of primer-induced contamination of the sequences, although we deal with this with a specific step on the bioinformatic assembly pipeline (not described here). Alternatively, when samples have a relatively good CT (<30) only set A may be used, simplifying the amplification and library steps. The main limitation of this protocol is its unsuitability for high throughput processing of large batches of samples, although current efforts are being made to adapt the primers to a multiplex approach.
Retrato actual de la dimension de salud ambiental en Colombia basado en el plan decenal de Salud 2012-2021; Problemas y desafíos
Authors: Gomez Juan Esteban
Published: April 2020

La salud publica como compromiso con la sociedad y en aras de buscar un ideal en salud, plantea un modelo de diversas acciones a tomar y tener en cuenta, el cual rige en todo el territorio nacional y ha sido denominado plan decenal de salud; entendiendose por este ultimo, como un pacto social y un mandato ciudadano, que define la actuación entre actores y sectores públicos, privados, comunitarios, para crear condiciones que garanticen el bienestar integral y la calidad de vida en el pais, permitiendo asi, la articulacion de la salud en todas las políticas públicas del desarrollo humano, económico, ambiental y social(1).
Improving foam stability and lautering conditions
Authors: Košin Petr , Šavel Jan , Brož Adam , Vlček Jakub
Published: April 2020

How to increase foam stability without adding foam stabilizers? As we published earlier, there was more than a sufficient amount of foam stabilizing substances in beer, but these must not be pushed out of the beer surface by foam negative substances. There are several separation steps in a brewing process: lautering, trub separation, and beer filtration; all of these can also separate foam negative substances. This short article discusses how a pH during sparging can influence foam stability. It seems that the lower the pH, the fewer foam negative substances are carried over to the following production steps of a brewing process.
Koyun (Ovis aries) Solunum Sistemindeki Bronkus, Bronkulus ve Alveoler Hücrelerdeki AIA (Artocarpus integrifolia) ve PSA (Pisum sativum) Lektinlerinin Dağılımı
Authors: Çınar Kenan
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmada karbonhidratları spesifik ve geri dönüşümlü olarak tanıyan ve bağlanan, glikoproteinlerin çalışılmasında çok önemli bir potansiyel ve değere sahip, birçok fizyolojik ve patolojik süreçlerin anlaşılmasında aracı olan lektinlerden AIA ve PSA’ nın koyun primer, sekonder, tersiyer bronkus, bronkulus verus ve bronkulus respiratoryuslarda immunohistokimyasal olarak lokalizasyonunun belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Sonuç olarak, solunum mukozası her zaman enfeksiyöz ajanlara maruz kaldığından, koyun akciğerinde bazı korunma sistemlerinin olduğu ve bu sistemlerden primer bronkuslarda lümene ulaşan kinosilyumlu hücrelerin apikal sitoplazmalarında, lümene ulaşmayan (bazal) hücrelerin lamina epitelyalis yüzeyinde, primer bronkuslarda seröz bez epiteline ait hücrelerin apikal sitoplazmalarında, tersiyer bronkusların lümene ulaşmayan (bazal) hücrelerinde ve lümene ulaşan hücrelerin apikal sitoplazmasında, bronkulus verusun ve bronkulus respiratoryusun lamina epitelyalis hücrelerinin yüzeyinde, alveolar makrofajlarda galaktoz/galaktozamin şeker rezidüeleri ve primer bronkusun lamina epitelyalis yüzeyinin mannoz/glukoz şeker rezidüeleri için spesifikleştiği, bunun da hayvan yetiştiriciliğine katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.
Subsídios para Políticas Públicas e Gestão Integrada das Águas da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Una – RJ
Authors: Pozes Rubens Gabriel Soares
Published: April 2020

Considerando o atual cenário ambiental brasileiro, percebem-se aspectos e impactos negativos em relação à gestão dos recursos hídricos. Dito isso, sabendo-se do potencial da água como recurso estratégico para a humanidade, por manter a vida no planeta, esse recurso vital assume grande importância nas dimensões ambiental, econômica e social, e, para que se consiga atender às necessidades dessas dimensões de maneira adequada, é preciso pensar e gerenciar de forma sistêmica e integrada, incentivando a implementação de projetos promotores dos três pilares da sustentabilidade. Baseando-se em pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, buscou-se levantar bases científicas associadas ao gerenciamento integrado de bacias hidrográficas, de forma a analisar e disponibilizar subsídios teóricos refletidos em possíveis aplicações práticas para a gestão das águas da bacia do Rio Una, situada na Região Hidrográfica VI (RH-VI) do estado do Rio de Janeiro, possibilitando a interação entre diferentes setores da sociedade. A revisão aponta estratégias fundamentais para a manutenção da qualidade das águas da bacia e para sua integridade ecossistêmica, e caminhos para a implantação de políticas públicas voltadas à gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos.
Implikasi Dekriminalisasi Pasal 534 KUHP Dikaitkan Dengan Perkembangan Dalam Bidang Kesehatan Di Indonesia
Authors: Anira Alya
Published: April 2020

Proses dekriminalisasi menjadi salah satu kebijakan hukum pidana yang berlaku di Indonesia. Perubahan penggolongan perbuatan dari yang mulanya dianggap sebagai perbuatan pidana menjadi perbuatan biasa ini kerap kali dikaitkan dengan salah satu aturan yang diatur dalam KUHP, yaitu Pasal 534 KUHP yang mengatur perbuatan secara terang-terangan mempertunjukkan sarana pencegah kehamilan di hadapan umum. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya perkembangan dalam bidang kesehatan di Indonesia. Namun, hingga saat ini Pasal 534 KUHP masih tercantum dalam KUHP dan belum ada peraturan lain yang mencabut. Hal ini memberikan implikasi hukum terhadap pihak-pihak tertentu, seperti tenaga kesehatan, dalam memberikan informasi terkait sarana pencegah kehamilan sebagai salah satu bentuk perkembangan dalam bidang kesehatan di Indonesia. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka perlu dikaji lebih lanjut terkait implikasi dekriminalisasi Pasal 534 KUHP untuk memberikan kepastian hukum bagi masyarakat dan aparat penegak hukum di Indonesia.
Penguatan Eksistensi Kelembagaan Komnas HAM Sebagai Constitutional Organ Dengan Constitutional Importance Dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia
Authors: Noor Safira
Published: April 2020

Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia atau yang biasa disebut sebagai Komnas HAM merupakan komisi negara pertama di Indonesia. Sebagai komisi Negara yang berperan dalam perlindungan dan penegakan hak asasi manusia Komnas HAM bertugas dalam agenda perlindungan Hak Asasi di Indonesia. Komnas HAM dinilai sebagai Constitutional Organ dengan nilai Constitutional Importance yang diharapkan bisa menyelesaikan berbagai Constitutional Problems di Indonesia. Berbagai Constitutional Problems yang terjadi di Indonesia salah satunya adalah permasalahan Hak Asasi Manusia terutama adalah penyelesaian kasus HAM berat pada masa lampau. Pencarian makna dan nilai Constututional Importance Komnas HAM nantinya untuk meligitimasi agenda penguatan kelembagaan yaitu penguatan dari segi kedudukan, wewenang dan aturan. Nilai Constitutional Importance tidak hanya ditinjau dari segi kenormatifannya saja, namun dalam membuktikan nilai Constitutional Importance akan ditinjau dari segi empiris. Untuk meninjau dari segi empiris maka akan dianalisis peran komnas HAM dalam Mahkamah Konstitusi, Legislasi maupun Peradilan. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, penulis menggunakan Pendekatan Undang-Undang (statute approach), Pendekatan Konseptual (conceptual approach), dan Pendekatan Kasus (Case Aprroach).
Biotechnologies de la reproduction porcine : des techniques de routine aux méthodes en émergence
Authors: MARTINAT-BOTTE F. , PLAT A.M. , GUILLOUET P.
Published: April 2020

Les techniques d’assistance à la reproduction et les biotechnologies qui en sont dérivées sont en plein développement dans l’espèce porcine. L’objectif de cet article de synthèse est de décrire les techniques qui sont d’usage courant en reproduction porcine (insémination de semence conservée à l’état liquide, synchronisation des oestrus, échographie...), celles dont l’avancement permet d’envisager des applications dans un avenir proche (insémination de semence conservée congelée, production et cryoconservation des embryons, transfert chirurgical d’embryons) et celles qui sont en cours de développement et permettront d’ouvrir dans un avenir plus lointain de nouvelles perspectives pour l’élevage porcin (sexage de la semence, transfert non chirurgical d’embryons). L’ensemble de ces techniques, y compris celles qui sont d’ores et déjà d’utilisation courante, connaissent des progrès rapides en termes d’amélioration des résultats et nous essaierons de décrire les principales pistes poursuivies dans ce sens.
La production biologique de porcs en France : caractéristiques des élevages, impacts sur la santé, le bien-être et la qualité des produits
Authors: PRUNIER A. , LEBRET B.
Published: April 2020

La production de porcs biologiques en France est marginale par rapport à celle des porcs conventionnels (moins de 1% en tonnage) mais en progression constante. La production porcine biologique est fortement encadrée par la réglementation qui impose des contraintes fortes en termes de logement, d’alimentation et de conduite d’élevage. Ces contraintes peuvent influencer les performances, la santé et le bien-être des animaux ainsi que la qualité des carcasses et des viandes. Les données existantes suggèrent une grande diversité des types d’élevages de porcs biologiques et in fine des conséquences du mode de production biologique sur le bien-être et la santé des animaux vivants ainsi que sur la qualité des produits. D’une façon générale, le mode de production biologique offre des atouts pour répondre à l’attente des consommateurs concernant le bien-être animal et la qualité des produits, mais les éleveurs doivent être vigilants en matière de santé des animaux, d’équilibre des rations alimentaires, surtout pour les porcelets et les truies allaitantes, et de qualité des carcasses.
Performances techniques et économiques en élevage biologique d’ovins viande : observations en réseaux d’élevage et fermes expérimentales
Authors: BENOIT M. , LAIGNEL G.
Published: April 2020

Au sein d’un réseau de 42 fermes ovines (13 en Agriculture Biologique - AB) les marges par brebis en montagne sont inférieures de 24% en AB du fait de coûts alimentaires très élevés, et sont comparables en plaine où les niveaux d’autonomie fourragère sont potentiellement supérieurs compte tenu de la possibilité de renouveler plus facilement les prairies et d’augmenter la part du pâturage dans la ration des animaux ; par ailleurs, la culture des céréales peut permettre d’augmenter l’autonomie alimentaire et de limiter la dépendance des élevages vis-à-vis de l’extérieur. En montagne, les cohérences de systèmes sont plus difficiles à définir et les itinéraires techniques adaptés relativement «pointus». L’analyse de 4 fermes de démonstration de ces régions montre que, face à des contextes variés, des stratégies de conduite d’élevage spécifiques diffèrent selon la présence de terres labourables ou non. Si leur proportion est limitée, les mises bas sont réparties également entre le printemps et l’automne afin de maximiser l’autonomie fourragère tout en optimisant la productivité numérique et diversifiant les périodes de vente. Lorsque des cultures sont possibles, les mises bas sont centrées sur l’automne, avec une bonne valorisation des agneaux. Dans un contexte de fort renchérissement du prix des concentrés, en élevage allaitant bio mais aussi conventionnel, de hauts niveaux d’autonomie fourragère et/ou alimentaire sont incontournables pour assurer la viabilité économique.