bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postnational technollaboration within the postbiotanical village (an Apophenoetic Prophecy)
Authors: Kazemzadeh Max
Published: March 2014

Postnational, or after or more than national, is a world that connects the international with the local. Technollaboration, is how creative digital communities use technology to improve methods and environments for collaboration. Postbiotanical, after or more than biotanical, represents the future of human-centric collectives around farming and urban living and sustainability. Village, is ambiguous and raises the question how large is local, and how does a village-centric view impact the way we treat each other? Art traditionally functions as an environment for philosophical and creative activity that works to secure its borders from intruding dictatorial ethics, ideology, politics or dogma that might sully its aim to maintain its open arduous exploration of the clash between image and meaning, icon and significance, or perception and identity in reference to culture and history. Integrating technology into this discourse introduces a milieu of associations, expectations and conclusions about how technological innovation, practices and products should be steered, which can also influence what we both make and teach. The web has since evolved into a pervasively instantaneous space for more involved forms of communication (Google hangout), content sharing (SVN), publishing (blogs), community building (messageboards, Facebook), creative performance (Isadora) and more. Now creative interactive initiatives are not limited to merely making a statement or triggering a semiotic synapse, but rather can have a social impact, enacting, mobilizing and serving as a resource for the public. Telematic Art that includes the activities surrounding Digital Communities and their behaviour, does not merely provide an environment to discuss social issues, but embodies social interaction in ways in which new forms of collective expression can be realized. The development of telematics tools is empowering for the public while serving as a medium that influences how individuals interact.

Between DIY/DIWO models, open source hardware, software, and creation initiatives, practivist initiatives, creative hacking ideologies, immersion, and web-based communication tools to localize the international collaborative workshop, I believe our formats for education and exchange are becoming more collective and empowering, and with the inclusion of digital social collaboration initiatives seen in myriad examples of Telematic Art, there exists the potential to motivate a mindset desiring new shifts in perception and making with the goals of serving the global community in significant and direct ways.
Image as an avatar and metaphysical interfacing
Authors: Kentonis Achilleas
Published: March 2014

Culture is the result of the actions taken in order to communicate with our selves, our society and the environment or nature, which hosts us. This simplification of culture creates a number of paradoxes and complexities but it still gives a good meaningful landscape. Image of course is an element sensed by a sensor with limited spectrum (visible light only) being the human eye.
To Be Looked at (from multiple sides) with more than One I, Close to and Even Closer, for Almost an Instant
Authors: Ljubec Živa
Published: March 2014

The instructions inscribed in French on a strip of metal glued across Marcel Duchamp’s work, also known as Small Glass, translate into English as follows: ‘To Be Looked at (from the Other Side of the Glass) with One Eye, Close to, for Almost an Hour’. In exploration of the implications of such strenuous procedure the original instructions will be expanded upon: ‘To Be Looked at (from Multiple Sides) with more than One I, Close to and Even Closer, for Almost an Instant’ - an invitation to exercise the polyphibic awareness of multiplicity of appearances, the ability to look at a phenomenon not only from one or the other side but from multiple sides, in its multiple potential apparitions.
Iconoclasm: The loss of iconic image in art and visual communication
Authors: Samir Nagla
Published: March 2014

Why is the urge to lose the iconic image relevant to reformation and modernism? A question so central in a society built more than ever on visual media dependency. Is that relevant to sceptical questioning of the essence of reality, and if the image is a reflection of reality in the era of new technology of image creating and manipulating? As iconoclasts began deliberately destroying images at the alter as a sign of reformation, modern art was no longer bound by truthful representations of iconic reality; from shift in colour as a medium to a scientific light reflection, to pushing colour boundaries in reality, to losing the object for the absolute representation of abstract and supermatist visual, to deliberate losing of intended visual representation to materials, then to the empty frame, and to the empty gallery … on goes the iconoclastic gesture of modern art.

Followed by a transitional shift from iconic representation all the way to resonance in visual communications, exploring with the possibilities of different referential functions of signs, and thru to minimalism and replacing visual by verbal referential codes.

This article studies actions and motives of deliberate loss of iconic image, examining the factors associated with the development and process, criss-crossing the boundaries of two image dependant yet very different domains; art and visual communication.
Relevância informativa das despesas de investigação e desenvolvimento: um estudo para o caso Português
Authors: Riquito Cunha Ana Catarina , C. Moreira José António
Published: March 2014

O presente estudo procura aferir, para o contexto português, a relevância informativa das despesas de I&D. A metodologia adoptada assenta no uso de modelos econométricos, que tiveram em consideração a natureza da informação disponibilizada pelas empresas e a adopção em 2005 das denominadas normas internacionais de contabilidade. A evidência empírica recolhida sugere que os investidores avaliam positivamente a informação sobre I&D. De modo particular, a informação de natureza quantitativa relativa à capitalização das despesas de I&D; em menor grau, a informação de natureza qualitativa. Aliás, o valor incremental desta última tende a ser nulo quando se consideram nos modelos, em simultâneo, ambos os tipos de informação. A alteração do normativo contabilístico em 2005 parece ter tido impacto na relevância informativa das despesas de I&D, aumentando-a. Principal explicação para tal evolução parece ser o carácter mais restritivo que tais normas impuseram para a capitalização dessas despesas no período pós-2005.
Empresas estrangeiras e capital humano nos serviços intensivos em conhecimento
Authors: Rêgo Helena , Varum Celeste Amorim , Carneiro Anabela
Published: March 2014

O efeito das empresas estrangeiras na economia receptora poderá ocorrer através do mercado de trabalho, contribuindo aquelas para o desenvolvimento do capital humano. Este artigo investiga se as empresas estrangeiras contribuíram positivamente para o desenvolvimento do capital humano, analisando o sector dos serviços intensivos em conhecimento em Portugal. A análise empírica baseia-se num painel de empresas no período de 2000 a 2006 construido com dados dos Quadros de Pessoal. Verifica-se que as empresas com participação estrangeira no capital social apresentam, tudo o resto constante, uma maior intensidade de capital humano do que as empresas nacionais.
1848: a primeira crise da teoria económica
Authors: Bastien Carlos
Published: March 2014

Este artigo tem por objecto o esclarecimento de uma conjuntura particular na história das ideias económicas, especificamente a de 1848. Este foi um ano de crise económica, financeira, política mas também de crise das ideias económicas. Desta crise resultou o abalar da hegemonia da escola clássica em geral e uma recomposição do campo das ideias económicas, designadamente das de natureza teórica.Procura-se fundamentalmente esclarecer os contornos e os mecanismos daquela recomposição, designadamente as condições que determinaram a manutenção da hegemonia da escola clássica e em particular a nova configuração que esta assumiu.
A elaboração da psicologia sócio histórica cultural: As cartas vigotskianas
Authors: Martins João Batista , Alves Nara Akemi H. P.
Published: March 2014

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar as cartas de Lev Semenovich Vigotski, escritas no período de 1926 à 1934 e publicadas no Journal of Russian and East European Psychology. Esta é uma oportunidade de conhecermos um pouco mais sobre a realidade em que Vigotski viveu, e acessarmos seu itinerário intelectual, identificando os círculos de suas relações, suas preocupações acadêmicas e suas reflexões teóricas acerca da construção da teoria sócio histórica cultural. Tal tarefa ocorreu em dois momentos, primeiramente, na tradução e sistematização das cartas e, posteriormente, na análise dessas, embasada no referencial teórico de estudiosos da teoria vigotskiana. Após breve introdução do momento histórico da psicologia soviética, traçamos três perspectivas que nos auxiliaram a analisar as cartas: (1) a situação de sua saúde e os impedimentos para realizar seu trabalho; (2) uma reflexão crítica sobre a psicologia, com vistas a criar as condições para a emergência de uma nova psicologia; (3) a consolidação do grupo de trabalho, afastamentos e rupturas, em torno de questões relativas a psicologia e seus desdobramentos teóricos e metodológicos. Enfatizamos a maneira humanista com que Vigotski vivenciou esses momentos.
The Myths of Tantatalus: a review of the "ShortDocs Feast", the culmination of the 2013 Third Coast ShortDocs Challenge put on by Third Coast International Audio Festival
Authors: Verma Neil
Published: March 2014

A review of the "ShortDocs Feast" - the culmination of the "2013 Third Coast ShortDocs Challenge," at the 2013 Third Coast FilmLESS Festival, put on by the Third Coast International Audio Festival.
Pyroelektrische Infrarotsensoren mit hoher Detektivität
Authors: Norkus Volkmar , Schossig Marco , Gerlach Gerald , Köhler Reinhard , Hofmann Günter
Published: March 2014

Pyroelektrische Infrarotsensoren gehören zur
Gruppe der thermischen Strahlungssensoren. Sie werden in sehr großen
Stückzahlen in passiven Infrarot-Bewegungsmeldern,
Gasanalysegeräten und Geräten zur berührungslosen
Temperaturmessung eingesetzt. Der Artikel beschreibt Möglichkeiten der
Detektivitätssteigerung und der Anpassung an Sensoranwendungen und gibt
damit einen Überblick zum Stand der Sensorentwicklungen am Institut
für Festkörperelektronik der TU Dresden. Die Arbeiten wurden in
enger Zusammenarbeit mit der DIAS Infrared GmbH durchgeführt.
Vasoinhibins, N-terminal mouse prolactin fragments, participate in mammary gland involution
Authors: Ishida Michiyo , Maehara Midori , Watanabe Tsukasa , Yanagisawa Yu , Takata Yukiko , Nakajima Ryojun , Suzuki Mika , Harigaya Toshio
Published: March 2014

Vasoinhibins are a family of peptides that act on endothelial cells to suppress angiogenesis and promote apoptosis-mediated vascular regression. Vasoinhibins include the N-terminal fragments from prolactin (PRL), GH, and placental lactogen. One of the vasoinhibins, the N-terminal PRL fragment of 16 kDa, is generated by the lysosomal representative protease cathepsin D (Cath D). Because the normal growth and involution of the mammary gland (MG) are profoundly affected by the expansion and regression of blood vessels and also because PRL stimulates the growth and differentiation of MG, we proposed that intact PRL produced during lactation contributes to MG angiogenesis and increased blood flow, whereas during involution, the N-terminal PRL fragment would have proapoptotic effects on mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Therefore, we investigated the production of the N-terminal PRL fragment and its direct effect on the MG. Mouse PRL (mPRL) was proteolytically cleaved by Cath D between amino acids 148 and 149. N-terminal PRL fragment and Cath D expression increased during MG involution. Furthermore, incubation of MG fragments and MCF7 with recombinant 16 kDa mPRL revealed a proapoptotic effect in MECs. Ectopic mPRL in MECs was cleaved to 16 kDa PRL by Cath D in the MG lysosomal fraction. The majority of PRL derived from pituitary gland was cleaved to 16 kDa PRL in culture medium. Therefore, N-terminal PRL fragment increases during the involution period, has a proapoptotic effect on MECs, and is mainly generated by secreted Cath D in the extracellular space of MG.
Ruptured true superficial femoral artery aneurysm
Authors: Arendt Ani Loize , Amaral Robinson de Menezes do , Vieira Mariana Sesterhenn , Ribeiro Rafael de Nogueira , Argenta Rodrigo
Published: March 2014

Femoral artery aneurysms are rare and generally affect elderly patients. They are often diagnosed in combination with aneurysms in other locations, such as peripheral and aortic aneurysms. This case report describes a young patient whose superficial femoral artery (SFA) had a clinical presentation suggestive of a ruptured aneurysm. The patient underwent standard treatment, with aneurysmectomy and interposition of the ipsilateral saphenous vein. A review of the literature confirms the rarity of this case
Room to Roar: Eliciting the Perspectives of Adolescent Oncology Patients
Authors: Weaver Meaghann Shaw
Published: March 2014

This reflection focuses on a patient with both nonresponsive lymphoma and verbal nonresponsiveness. The lessons learned through this patient interaction have the potential to inform purposeful inclusion of the adolescent patient's voice.
Delivering the Emirates Air Line, London, UK: north and south stations
Authors: Rowe James , Narey Tim
Published: March 2014

The Emirates Air Line provides a low-emissions, quick, direct and fully accessible link between the north and south sides of the River Thames in London, UK, and is the easternmost pedestrian crossing of the river. The route runs from Emirates Victoria Dock station (north station) on the north side of the Thames to the Emirates Greenwich Peninsula station (south station), constructed on remediated brownfield land. The cableway runs between the two stations over three major steel towers and two subsidiary ‘compression' towers positioned just in front of each station. This paper – one in a series of four that describe the delivery of the Emirates Air Line project – describes the challenges that were faced in the design and construction of the stations and the compression towers. These challenges included construction of the north station over water in the Royal Victoria Dock, the design of the south station in very close proximity to the alignment of the proposed Silvertown tunnel, coordination of the station structure with the complex mechanical and electrical equipment required for the operation of the cableway systems, and construction of the compression towers to the very tight installation tolerances and operational deflection limits mandated by the specialist subcontractor.
Environmental health hazard of arsenic on epididymis and ductus deferens in male Black Bengal Goats
Authors: Wares MA , Awal MA , Nasrin M , Siddiqi MNH
Published: March 2014

Histomorphological changes of epididymis and ductus deferens in male Black Bengal goat due to arsenic were studied. A total of 12 male Black Bengal goats, in which 6 were collected from arsenic affected areas of Mymensingh district and another 6 were collected from hill tracts of Chittagong which were arsenic free.The goats were sacrificed by piercing carotid artery and the samples (Epididymis and Ductus deferens) were collected immediately. Samples were prepared and stained with haematoxylin and eosin stain technique to study the histology under light microscope. In the morphological study, measurement of length, width, breadth and weight of epididymis and ductus deferens were observed. The gross study revealed that there were slight variations in the gross morphology of epididymis and ductus deferens of arsenic affected Black Bengal goat, but this variation was statistically insignificant. In the histological study, arsenic affected goat showing increased thickness of epididymal covering (P<0.05) and trabeculae compared to control group of epididymis. The diameter of ductule efferentes of arsenic affected goat was narrower (P<0.01), width between intertubular space of ductuli efferentes was wider (P<0.01), lumen of ductules contain smaller in amount of spermatozoa compared to control group. The wall of the ductus deferens was thicker in arsenic affected goats than the control group (P<0.01). It may be concluded that environmental health hazard of arsenic might have adverse effects on the male reproductive organs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i1.18220 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(1): 103-110, 2013
A Novel Lipid Extraction Method from Wet Microalga Picochlorum sp. at Room Temperature
Authors: Yang Fangfang , Xiang Wenzhou , Sun Xiumei , Wu Hualian , Li Tao , Long Lijuan
Published: March 2014

A novel method using ethanol was proposed for extracting lipids from wet microalga Picochlorum sp. at room temperature and pressure. In this study, Central Composite design (CCD) was applied to investigate the optimum conditions of lipid extraction. The results revealed that the solvent to biomass ratio had the largest effect on lipid extraction efficiency, followed by extraction time and temperature. A high lipid extraction yield (33.04% of the dry weight) was obtained under the following extraction conditions: 5 mL solvents per gram of wet biomass for 37 min with gentle stirring at room temperature. The extraction yield was comparable to that obtained by the widely used Bligh-Dyer method. Furthermore, no significant differences in the distribution of lipid classes and fatty acid composition were observed according to different extraction methods. In conclusion, these results indicated that the proposed procedure using ethanol could extract lipids from wet biomass efficiently and had giant potential for lipid extraction at large scale.
Performance and Long-Term Stability of Pd/PSS and Pd/Al2O3 Membranes for Hydrogen Separation
Authors: Liguori Simona , Iulianelli Adolfo , Dalena Francesco , Pinacci Pietro , Drago Francesca , Broglia Maria , Huang Yan , Basile Angelo
Published: March 2014

The present work is focused on the investigation of the performance and long-term stability of two composite palladium membranes under different operating conditions. One membrane (Pd/porous stainless steel (PSS)) is characterized by a ~10 µm-thick palladium layer on a porous stainless steel substrate, which is pretreated by means of surface modification and oxidation; the other membrane (Pd/Al2O3) is constituted by a ~7 µm-thick palladium layer on an asymmetric microporous Al2O3 substrate. The operating temperature and pressure ranges, used for studying the performance of these two kinds of membranes, are 350–450 °C and 200–800 kPa, respectively. The H2 permeances and the H2/N2 selectivities of both membranes were investigated and compared with literature data. At 400 °C and 200 kPa as pressure difference, Pd/PSS and Pd/Al2O3 membranes exhibited an H2/N2 ideal selectivity equal to 11700 and 6200, respectively, showing stability for 600 h. Thereafter, H2/N2 selectivity of both membranes progressively decreased and after around 2000 h, dropped dramatically to 55 and 310 for the Pd/PSS and Pd/Al2O3 membranes, respectively. As evidenced by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses, the pinholes appear on the whole surface of the Pd/PSS membrane and this is probably due to release of sulphur from the graphite seal rings.
Endocytosis Pathways of the Folate Tethered Star-Shaped PEG-PCL Micelles in Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Li Yu-Lun , Van Cuong Nguyen , Hsieh Ming-Fa
Published: March 2014

This study reports on the cellular uptake of folate tethered micelles using a branched skeleton of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone). The chemical structures of the copolymers were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Doxorubicin (DOX) was utilized as an anticancer drug. The highest drug loading efficiencies of DOX in the folate decorated micelle (DMCF) and folate-free micelle (DMC) were found to be 88.5% and 88.2%, respectively, depending on the segment length of the poly(ε-caprolactone) in the copolymers. A comparison of fluorescent microscopic images of the endocytosis pathway in two cell lines, human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and human oral cavity carcinoma cells (KB), revealed that the micelles were engulfed by KB and MCF-7 cells following in vitro incubation for one hour. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that free folic acid can inhibit the uptake of DOX by 48%–57% and 26%–39% in KB cells and MCF-7 cells, respectively. These results prove that KB cells are relatively sensitive to folate-tethered micelles. Upon administering methyl-β-cyclodextrin, an inhibitor of the caveolae-mediated endocytosis pathway, the uptake of DOX by KB cells was reduced by 69% and that by MCF-7 cells was reduced by 56%. This finding suggests that DMCF enters cells via multiple pathways, thus implying that the folate receptor is not the only target of tumor therapeutics.
Designing Service Coverage and Measuring Accessibility and Serviceability of Rural and Small Urban Ambulance Systems
Authors: Lee EunSu
Published: March 2014

This paper proposes a novel approach to analyze potential accessibility to ambulance services by combining the demand-covered-ratio and potential serviceability with the ambulance-covering-ratio. A Geographic Information System (GIS)-based spatial analysis will assist ambulance service planners and designers to assess and provide rational service coverage based on simulated random incidents. The proposed analytical model is compared to the gravity-based two-step floating catchment area method. The study found that the proposed model could efficiently identify under-covered and overlapped ambulance service coverage to improve service quality, timeliness, and efficiency. The spatial accessibility and serviceability identified with geospatial random events show that the model is able to plan rational ambulance service coverage in consideration of households and travel time. The model can be applied to both regional and statewide coverage plans to aid the interpretation of those plans.
Molecular Basis of a Dominant T Cell Response to an HIV Reverse Transcriptase 8-mer Epitope Presented by the Protective Allele HLA-B*51:01
Authors: Motozono Chihiro , Kuse Nozomi , Sun Xiaoming , Rizkallah Pierre J. , Fuller Anna , Oka Shinichi , Cole David K. , Sewell Andrew K. , Takiguchi Masafumi
Published: March 2014

CD8+ CTL responses directed toward the HLA-B*51:01–restricted HIV-RT128–135 epitope TAFTIPSI (TI8) are associated with long-term nonprogression to AIDS. Clonotypic analysis of responses to B51-TI8 revealed a public clonotype using TRAV17/TRBV7-3 TCR genes in six out of seven HLA-B*51:01+ patients. Structural analysis of a TRAV17/TRBV7-3 TCR in complex with HLA–B51-TI8, to our knowledge the first human TCR complexed with an 8-mer peptide, explained this bias, as the unique combination of residues encoded by these genes was central to the interaction. The relatively featureless peptide-MHC (pMHC) was mainly recognized by the TCR CDR1 and CDR2 loops in an MHC-centric manner. A highly conserved residue Arg97 in the CDR3α loop played a major role in recognition of peptide and MHC to form a stabilizing ball-and-socket interaction with the MHC and peptide, contributing to the selection of the public TCR clonotype. Surface plasmon resonance equilibrium binding analysis showed the low affinity of this public TCR is in accordance with the only other 8-mer interaction studied to date (murine 2C TCR–H-2Kb-dEV8). Like pMHC class II complexes, 8-mer peptides do not protrude out the MHC class I binding groove like those of longer peptides. The accumulated evidence suggests that weak affinity might be a common characteristic of TCR binding to featureless pMHC landscapes.
Genomic Sequence Analysis of the MHC Class I G/F Segment in Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Kono Azumi , Brameier Markus , Roos Christian , Suzuki Shingo , Shigenari Atsuko , Kametani Yoshie , Kitaura Kazutaka , Matsutani Takaji , Suzuki Ryuji , Inoko Hidetoshi , Walter Lutz , Shiina Takashi
Published: March 2014

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a New World monkey that is used frequently as a model for various human diseases. However, detailed knowledge about the MHC is still lacking. In this study, we sequenced and annotated a total of 854 kb of the common marmoset MHC region that corresponds to the HLA-A/G/F segment (Caja-G/F) between the Caja-G1 and RNF39 genes. The sequenced region contains 19 MHC class I genes, of which 14 are of the MHC-G (Caja-G) type, and 5 are of the MHC-F (Caja-F) type. Six putatively functional Caja-G and Caja-F genes (Caja-G1, Caja-G3, Caja-G7, Caja-G12, Caja-G13, and Caja-F4), 13 pseudogenes related either to Caja-G or Caja-F, three non-MHC genes (ZNRD1, PPPIR11, and RNF39), two miscRNA genes (ZNRD1-AS1 and HCG8), and one non-MHC pseudogene (ETF1P1) were identified. Phylogenetic analysis suggests segmental duplications of units consisting of basically five (four Caja-G and one Caja-F) MHC class I genes, with subsequent expansion/deletion of genes. A similar genomic organization of the Caja-G/F segment has not been observed in catarrhine primates, indicating that this genomic segment was formed in New World monkeys after the split of New World and Old World monkeys.
Cutting Edge: Resident Memory CD8 T Cells Occupy Frontline Niches in Secondary Lymphoid Organs
Authors: Schenkel Jason M. , Fraser Kathryn A. , Masopust David
Published: March 2014

Resident memory CD8 T cells (TRM) are a nonrecirculating subset positioned in nonlymphoid tissues to provide early responses to reinfection. Although TRM are associated with nonlymphoid tissues, we asked whether they populated secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). We show that a subset of virus-specific memory CD8 T cells in SLO exhibit phenotypic signatures associated with TRM, including CD69 expression. Parabiosis revealed that SLO CD69+ memory CD8 T cells do not circulate, defining them as TRM. SLO TRM were overrepresented in IL-15–deficient mice, suggesting independent regulation compared with central memory CD8 T cells and effector memory CD8 T cells. These cells were positioned at SLO entry points for peripheral Ags: the splenic marginal zone, red pulp, and lymph node sinuses. Consistent with a potential role in guarding SLO pathogen entry points, SLO TRM did not vacate their position in response to peripheral alarm signals. These data extend the range of tissue resident memory to SLO.
Ricci flow on three-dimensional manifolds with symmetry
Authors: Lott John , Sesum Natasa
Published: March 2014

We describe the Ricci flow on two classes of compact three-dimensional manifolds: 1. Warped products with a circle fiber over a two-dimensional base. 2. Manifolds with a free local isometric

T^2

-action.
Local-global principles for Galois cohomology
Authors: Harbater David , Hartmann Julia , Krashen Daniel
Published: March 2014

This paper proves local-global principles for Galois cohomology groups over function fields

F

of curves that are defined over a complete discretely valued field. We show in particular that such principles hold for

H^n(F, \mathbb Z/m \mathbb Z(n-1))

, for all

n>1

. This is motivated by work of Kato and others, where such principles were shown in related cases for

n=3

. Using our results in combination with cohomological invariants, we obtain local-global principles for torsors and related algebraic structures over

F

. Our arguments rely on ideas from patching as well as the Bloch–Kato conjecture.
Harmonic diffeomorphisms between domains in the Euclidean 2-sphere
Authors: Alarcón Antonio , Souam Rabah
Published: March 2014

We study the existence or non-existence of harmonic diffeomorphisms between certain domains in the Euclidean

2

-sphere. In particular, we show the existence of harmonic diffeomorphisms from circular domains in the complex plane onto finitely punctured spheres, with at least two punctures. This result follows from a general existence theorem for maximal graphs in the Lorentzian product

\mathbb{M}\times\mathbb{R}_1

, where

\mathbb{M}

is an arbitrary

\mathfrak{n}

-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold,

\mathfrak{n}\geq 2

. In contrast, we show that there is no harmonic diffeomorphism from the unit complex disc onto the once-punctured sphere and no harmonic diffeomeorphisms from finitely punctured spheres onto circular domains in the Euclidean

2

-sphere.
Tree-ring reconstruction of seasonal mean minimum temperature at Mt. Yaoshan, China, since 1873 and its relevance to 20th-century warming
Authors: Liu Y. , Zhang Y. , Song H. , Ma Y. , Cai Q. , Wang Y.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. It is very important to comprehend the climate variations in the vast regions of Central Plains of China. Current knowledge about climate changes of the past few hundred years in this region is primarily based on historical documents, and lack of evidences from the natural archives. However, these documents had somewhat artificially effects caused by the recorders, and not sufficient to fully understand natural climatic changes. In this paper, based on a significant correlation between the tree-ring width of Chinese Pine and observed instrumental data in the Mt. Yaoshan, China, we formulated a transfer function to reconstruct the mean minimum temperature (MMinT) from the previous December to the current June (Tmin_DJ) for the period 1873–2011. The reconstruction explained 39.8% of the instrumental variance during the calibration period of 1958–2011. High Tmin_DJ intervals with values greater than the 139 year average occurred in 1932–1965 and 1976–2006. The intervals 1878–1894 and 1906–1931 experienced a Tmin_DJ lower than the 139 year average. The ten highest Tmin_DJ years occurred after the 1950s, especially after 1996. A distinct upward trend in the Tmin_DJ series beginning in the 1910s was apparent, and the highest value occurred around 2000. The 20th-century warming signal was captured well by the Yaoshan Tmin_DJ temperature reconstruction, indicating that the temperature rise in the sensitive Central Plains of China region reflected the global temperature change. The Tmin_DJ reconstruction also matched several other temperature series in China with similar warm-cold patterns. The distinct spatial correlation between both observed and reconstructed series and CRU TS3.10 grid data indicates that our results may represent Tmin_DJ changes on a larger scale. The spatial correlation with sea surface temperature (SST) indicated that observed and reconstructed Tmin_DJ temperatures in the Mt. Yaoshan are closely linked to the West Pacific, Indian and North Atlantic Oceans as well as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
Glacier dynamics in the Western Italian Alps: a minimal model approach
Authors: Peano D. , Chiarle M. , von Hardenberg J.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. We study the response of a set of glaciers in the Western Italian Alps to climate variations using the minimal glacier modeling approach, first introduced by Oerlemans. The mathematical models are forced over the period 1959–2009, using temperature and precipitation recorded by a dense network of meteorological stations and we find a good match between the observed and modeled glacier length dynamics. Forcing the model with future projections from a state-of-the-art global climate model in the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, we obtain a first estimate for the "expiration date" of these glaciers.
Concise Review: Next-Generation Cell Therapies to Prevent Infections in Neutropenic Patients
Authors: Brunck Marion E. G. , Nielsen Lars K.
Published: March 2014

High-dose chemotherapy is accompanied by an obligate period of neutropenia. Resulting bacterial and fungal infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neutropenic patients despite prophylactic antimicrobials and hematopoietic growth factor supplements. Replacing neutrophils in the patient through transfusion of donor cells is a logical solution to prevent fulminant infections. In the past, this strategy has been hampered by poor yield, inability to store collected cells, and possible donor morbidity caused by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor injections and apheresis. Today, neutrophil-like cells can be manufactured in the laboratory at the clinical scale from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells enriched from umbilical cord blood. This article reviews the rationale for focusing research efforts toward ex vivo neutrophil production and explores clinical settings for future trials.
Application of variable-magnification X-ray Bragg magnifier to analyzer-based phase-contrast computed tomography
Authors: Hirano Keiichi , Takahashi Yumiko , Sugiyama Hiroshi
Published: March 2014

A novel X-ray Bragg magnifier of variable magnification is proposed. Using a Si(220) asymmetric crystal as the Bragg magnifier, we successfully controlled the magnification factor, M, between 0.18 and 5.6 at a wavelength of 0.112 nm. The observed spatial resolution with a fiber-coupled X-ray CCD camera, the pixel size of which was 23 × 23 µm2, was 15 µm at M = 5.6, 50 µm at M = 1, and 250 µm at M = 0.17. The X-ray magnifier was successfully applied to analyzer-based phase-contrast computed tomography for the non-destructive observation of a sample at several magnification factors.
Proposal of quasi thermal equilibrium model for etching phenomenon by gases: Example of the etching of 4H-SiC by H2
Authors: Ishida Yuuki , Yoshida Sadafumi
Published: March 2014

We propose a new approach to derive the formula for the etching rate of condensed matter with a gaseous etchant, based on the model in which the chemical etching proceeds under nearly thermal equilibrium conditions. The model, called the quasi thermal equilibrium model, is applicable for the case that the reaction time is much shorter than the passage time of carrier gases over substrates. We have derived the formula giving the etching rates as functions of temperature, gas flow rate, and pressure for three cases: (1) a carrier gas acts as an etching gas, (2) a carrier gas is inactive and an etching gas is added, and (3) a carrier gas is active and an etching gas is added. We applied the model to the etching of 4H-SiC by H2 and showed that the quasi thermal equilibrium model proposed can successfully reproduce the experimental results of the temperature, gas flow rate, and pressure dependences of the etching rate.
Integrated 8 × 8 array redox sensor system employing on-chip square wave voltammetric circuit for multi point and high-speed detection
Authors: Lim Byounghyun , Futagawa Masato , Takahashi Sou , Dasai Fumihiro , Ishida Makoto , Sawada Kazuaki
Published: March 2014

A square wave voltammetric measurement system with an 8 × 8 array of sensing pixels is integrated within a single chip for multi point and high-speed electrochemical analysis. The sensor was designed to operate at 400 ms/frame under the condition of 20 mV and 500 Hz of step increment and square wave frequency, respectively. Peak currents from the 8 × 8 pixel array of potassium ferricyanide were obtained at the potential range from −0.5 to 0.5 V. We also obtained a small variation of the measured concentration result of all 64 pixels under the concentration range from 0.6 to 6 mM of potassium ferricyanide standard solution.
Emulation of high-frequency substrate noise generation in CMOS digital circuits
Authors: Shimazaki Shunsuke , Taga Shota , Makita Tetsuya , Azuma Naoya , Miura Noriyuki , Nagata Makoto
Published: March 2014

A noise emulator is based on the capacitor charging modeling and generates power and substrate noises expected in a CMOS digital integrated circuit. An off-chip near-magnetic-field sensor indirectly characterizes the distribution of clock timing and the adjustability of skews within on-chip digital circuits. An on-chip noise monitor captures power and substrate noise waveforms and evaluates noise frequency components in a wide frequency bandwidth. A 65 nm CMOS prototype demonstrated power and substrate noise generation in a variety of operating scenarios of digital integrated circuits. Power noise generation emulated at 125 MHz exhibits the enhancements of high-order harmonic components after deskewing at a timing resolution of 37.8 ps, as is specifically seen in more than 10 dB enlargement of the substrate noise component at 2.1 GHz.
Application of Piezoelectric Film of Vinylidene Fluoride-Trifluoroethylene Copolymer to a Highly Sensitive Miniature Hydrophone
Authors: Tsuchiya Susumu , Sato Takashi , Koyama Kiyohito , Ikeda Susumu , Wada Yasaku
Published: March 2014

Piezoelectric copolymer film of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and trifluoroethylene (TrFE) is successfully used as a transducer material in a highly sensitive miniature hydrophone. Two types of highly sensitive and low noise miniature hydrophones, a needle type and a cylindrical one, were made of VDF-TrFE copolymer with a comonomer ratio of 78/22. The miniature hydrophones were constructed using a Semi-rigid Coaxial Cable and allow easy access to the field to be measured. Absolute sensitivity measurements were carried out by a three transducer reciprocity calibration for three hydrophones with copolymer of different thicknesses.
UHF-Range Positive/Negative Reflection Type SAW Resonators on LiNbO3 Using New Fabrication Technique
Authors: Takeuchi Masao , Meguro Toshiyasu , Yamanouchi Kazuhiko
Published: March 2014

A simple fabrication technique utilizing the resist overhang effect in a lift-off process is described to realize positive/negative reflection (PNR) type SAW resonators on a LiNbO3 substrate. The proposed technique requires no critical photolithograph mask alignment and gives a very fine electrode structure which is hard to obtain using the usual photolithographic process. Impedance characteristics of experimental 500 MHz range one-port resonators are shown compared with a conventional resonator.
Sputtered Al–Ti Electrodes for High Frequency and High Power SAW Devices
Authors: Yuhara Akitsuna , Watanabe Hitoshi , Yamada Jun
Published: March 2014

DC magnetron sputtering and Ti addition for Al electrodes are studied to achieve higher durability of SAW devices operating at high frequency and high power. Experiments on SAW resonators as a test medium show the following: the sputtering is better than conventional e-gun evaporation for both the reproducibility of film composition and for durability; 0.6 wt% to 0.9 wt% Ti addition to the sputtered Al films leads to durability for 3 times larger power than 0.7 wt% Cu addition to evaporated Al films, while less loss is experienced if resistivity is the same in each film.
Equivalent Mechanical Circuits of Tuning Fork Angular Rate Gyros
Authors: Konno Masashi , Nakamura Hisashi , Sugawara Sumio
Published: March 2014

Approximate equivalent mechanical circuits for some types of tuning fork gyros, that is, Sperry type, Watson type and a double resonant tuning fork type are determined and compared. A resultant equivalent electro-mechanical circuit of piezoelectric vibratory gyros is also shown, as is an equivalent mechanical circuit of a rotor gyro.
Effective Electromechanical Coupling to Leaky SAW on 36° YX-LiTaO3
Authors: Hashimoto Ken-ya , Yamaguchi Masatsune
Published: March 2014

The paper describes the effective electromechanical coupling factor k
2 for the leaky surface acoustic wave (LSAW) launched from an interdigital transducer (IDT) on 36° YX-LiTaO3 (36-LTO). For the analysis of the IDT behaviour, we propose a simple model, by which the interaction of LSAW with bulk acoustic waves (BAW) can be taken into acount, and discuss the IDT radiation conductance. It is shown that on 36-LTO, the effective k
2 for LSAW is considerably larger than the value estimated from a fractional velocity change due to surface metallisation, and that the BAW radiation loss is dependent on the total number of IDT fingers.
Leaky Surface Wave Propagating on LiTaO3 Substrate
Authors: Shimizu Yasutaka , Endo Yousuke , Watanabe Takaya
Published: March 2014

The propagation characteristics of leaky surface wave on LiTaO3 substrate were investigated for all propagation directions and arbitrary cuts, and the zero slope temperature cuts were discovered. If the Rayleigh wave propagation is used, the zero slope temperature cut does not exist and the minimum value of TCD is 18 [ppm/°C].
A Fast Computation Method for Parametric Transmitting Array in the Near-Field
Authors: Baba Hidekatsu , Watanabe Yoshiaki , Urabe Yasumasa
Published: March 2014

A fast computation method for parametric transmitting array in the near-field is presented. To reduce the number of numerical integrations for the secondary wave, the sound field of the primary wave is analytically expressed without numerical computation. Using the approximated primary wave, the secondary wave in the near-field can be numerically computed in the same manner as the far-field cases. The method achieves satisfactory accuracy and requires far shorter processing time than directly computed results.
Investigation of Frictional Material for Ultrasonic Motor
Authors: Endo Akira , Sasaki Nobutoshi
Published: March 2014

The influence of fictional constant and hardness of a fictional material of an ultrasonic motor was investigated. Performance characteristics of the ultrasonic motor are dominated by the frictional constant of the frictional material. In particular, the velocity of the motor is in proportion to the square root of the frictional constant. Optimum range of hardness for the frictional material can be obtained experimentally.
Analysis of Infrared Photoacoustic Wave Form Detected by Piezoelectric Transducer
Authors: Ishida Akihiro , Morimoto Jun , Igarashi Hideji , Miyakawa Toru
Published: March 2014

Voltage wave forms induced by CO2 laser irradiation in a PLZT transducer attached to p-Ge and glass samples were studied and compared with simulated ones taking account of temperature dependent material parameters. Spikes or jumps apparently due to a pyroelectric component appear in the longitudinal configurations along with an enhanced rear edge due to temperature dependent parameters; while wave forms are closer to the temperature wave form in the transverse configuration and when PLZT itself is irradiated. Resonant excitation of the bending mode is confirmed in glass plates.
Depth Directional Study by Electron-Acoustic Microscopy
Authors: Sawai Katsunori , Takenoshita Hiroshi
Published: March 2014

Observation depth of electron-acoustic microscopy (EAM) was studied by in situ observation of a same area of a Darlington npn Si Tr-chip under several accelerating voltages (HV) of a scanning electron beam which was used as an experimental parameter. Comparison of several SEM mode images and electron acoustic images (EAIs) of EAM revealed that the application of higher HV increased the observation depth of EAM. EAI contrast changed in proportion to the variation of HV, increasing and decreasing in intensity.
Optical Mode Conversion Device Using Magnetostatic Surface Wave
Authors: Nakano Yuji , Miyazaki Yasumitsu
Published: March 2014

Optical mode conversion induced by magnetostatic surface wave (MSSW) has great potential for optical signal processing devices. In this paper, we propose a MSSW device constructed in a stripline-loaded YIG thin film waveguide. In the numerical calculation, perfect E
11

z
–E
11

x
mode conversion can be achieved at a static magnetic field of 900 Oe, applied perpendicularly with the MSSW excitation signal frequency of 4.36 GHz at the interaction length of 1.96 cm. In the optical mode conversion experiment, a change of 0.98% was observed at the microwave frequency of 2.25 GHz with the magnetic field set at 500 Oe.
A Fundamental Evaluation of In Vivo Local Sound Speed Measurement by Crossed Beam Method (2nd report)
Authors: Kondo Masafumi , Takamizawa Kinya
Published: March 2014

The possibility of in vivo sound speed mapping by the crossed beam method was studied by a calculation using the ray tracing technique and a fundamental experiment. The calculation result is that the sound speed image is shown as a very characteristic pattern, which gives useful information about in vivo sound speed distribution. It was confirmed that experimental values agreed with calculated values.
Electric-Field Dependence of Permittivity for PLZT Ceramics
Authors: Nagata Kunihiro , Okazaki Kiyoshi , Nanba Noriyuki , Honma Takao
Published: March 2014

DC bias dependence of permittivity for the variety of the PLZT ceramics showing ferroelectricity (7/65/35, 8/65/35), pseudo-ferroelectricity (9/65/35), anti-ferroe lectricity (10/80/20, 10/90/10) and paraelectricity (11/65/35) have been investigated. The 11/65/35 (paraelectrics) had a high permittivity under a DC biasing field and also having a low electric-field dependence, but the accumulated charge under DC high-voltage of 9/65/35 (pseudo-ferroelectrics) was larger than that of 11/65/35.
Electric Field-Induced Strain Effects of Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 Family Ceramics
Authors: Masuda Yoichiro , Baba Akira
Published: March 2014

Electric field induced strain effects of PLLZT X/Y/Z ceramics were investigated. The strain measurement of ceramics is carried out by using Midori-Sokki's potentio-meter and 40 dB operatinal-amplifier. Actual strains in ceramics are the superimposition no complicated piezostriction and electrostriction. Assuming the following formura x=d
E+M
E
2 for an actual strain, piezostriction and electrostriction constants are determined by least square computer-fitting. The calculated values of d
33 and M
33 are 1.76×10-9, 6.25×10-9 (m/V) and 5.61×10-15, -3.52×10-16 (m2/V2) for PLLZT10/65/35 and PLLZT30/50/50 ceramics, respectively. The relation of spontenous strain versus internal field is discussed.
Consideration of Nondestructive Inspection Using Frequency Analysis Method of Ultrasonic Pulse Signals
Authors: Tomikawa Yoshiro , Ishigaki Hidemichi , Masuda Junichi , Honjyo Katsuhiko , Yamada Hiroaki
Published: March 2014

The purpose of this paper is to develop a new method for nondestructive inspection in frequency domain: the method dealt with herein is to apply a signal processing technique such as FFT analysis to detected pulse signals propagating through the ultrasonic transmission line of a measuring material and to take notice of a peak frequency of its spectrum.
The principle and conquest points for the problem of this method are investigated, and its some applications to detection of micro-cracks in fine-ceramics etc. are presented.
Piezoelectric Materials for Low Hysteresis Actuators
Authors: Tanuma Chiaki , Yoshida Sei-ichi , Yamashita Youhachi
Published: March 2014

The TiO2/ZrO2 ratio in a (Pb0.95Sr0.05)[(Y1/2Nb1/2)0.02Ti
x
Zr
y
]O3 composition system and MnO addition have effects on displacement hysteresis for a bimorph actuator which is composed of these materials was investigated. In the tetragonal phase, the displacement hysteresis decreased with increasing TiO2 ratio, and a small hysteresis, with a minimum value of 10% at 52 mol% TiO2, was obtained. The morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition with 0.8 mol% MnO added materials exhibited a minimum value of 10% hysteresis.
Piezoelectric Spot Cooler
Authors: Itsumi Kazuhiro , Tanuma Chiaki , Iwase Nobuo
Published: March 2014

A fan using the bending motion of a piezoelectric bimorph has been considered to be suitable for a cooling device that cools IC packages separately. To attain small size and low power consumption, shape dependance of some properties in the fan were studied and the best suitable sizes were calculated. Further, qualities of vibration metal blade were investigated, and theoretical design basics for a piezoelectric bimorph fan were established.