bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Cerebral Vascular Functional Properties in Middle‐to‐Old Age Community People With High Vascular Risk Profiles
Authors: Zhang Yao , Zhang Ruiting , Hong Hui , Wang Shuyue , Xie Linyun , Cui Lei , Li Jixuan , Hong Luwei , Li Kaicheng , Zeng Qingze , Zhou Ying , Zhang Minming , Sun Jianzhong , Huang Peiyu
Published: February 2024

Background

Vascular degeneration is an important cause of brain damage in aging. Assessing the functional properties of the cerebral vascular system may aid early diagnosis and prevention.

Purpose

To investigate the relationships between potential vascular functional markers and vascular risks, brain parenchymal damage, and cognition.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

Two hundred two general community subjects (42–80 years, males/females: 127/75).

Field Strength/Sequence

3 T, spin echo T1W/T2W/FLAIR, resting‐state functional MRI with an echo‐planar sequence (rsfMRI), pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) with a three‐dimensional gradient‐spin echo sequence.

Assessment

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in gray matter calculated using pCASL, blood transit times calculated using rsfMRI, and the SD of internal carotid arteries signal (ICAstd) calculated using rsfMRI; visual assessment for lacunes; quantification of white matter hyperintensity volume; permutation test for quality control; collection of demographic and clinical data, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Mini‐Mental State Examination.

Statistical Tests

Kolmogorov–Smirnov test; Spearman rank correlation analysis; Multivariable linear regression analysis controlling for covariates; The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results

Age was negatively associated with ICAstd (β = −0.180). Diabetes was associated with longer blood transit time from large arteries to capillary bed (β = 0.185, adjusted for age, sex, and intracranial volume). Larger ICAstd was associated with less presence of lacunes (odds ratio: 0.418, adjusted for age and sex). Higher gray matter CBF (β = 0.154) and larger ICAstd (β = 0.136) were associated with better MoCA scores (adjusted for age, sex, and education).

Data Conclusion

Prolonged blood transit time, decreased ICAstd, and diminished CBF were associated with vascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment. They may serve as vascular functional markers in future studies.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Increased plasma lipocalin‐2 levels are associated with nonmotor symptoms and neuroimaging features in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Fan Yongyan , Li Xiaohuan , Ma Jianjun , Yang Dawei , Liang Keke , Shen Yu , Wei Wei , Dong Linrui , Liu Chuanze , She Zonghan , Qi Xuelin , Shi Xiaoxue , Gu Qi , Zheng Jinhua , Li Dongsheng
Published: February 2024

Lipocalin‐2 (LCN2) is essential for the regulation of neuroinflammation and cellular uptake of iron. This study aimed to evaluate plasma LCN2 levels and explore their correlation with clinical and neuroimaging features in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure plasma LCN2 levels in 120 subjects. Evaluation of motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms in PD patients was assessed by the associated scales. Voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) was used to evaluate brain volume alterations, and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was used to quantitatively analyze brain iron deposition in 46 PD patients. Plasma LCN2 levels were significantly higher in PD patients than those in healthy controls. LCN2 levels were negatively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, total brain gray matter volume (GMV), and GMV/total intracranial volume (TIV) ratio, but positively correlated with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMD) scores and mean QSM values of the bilateral substantial nigra (SN). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves confirmed that plasma LCN2 levels had good predictive accuracy for PD. The results suggest that plasma LCN2 levels have potential as a biomarker for the diagnosis of PD. LCN2 may be a therapeutic target for neuroinflammation and brain iron deposition.
Climatological characteristics and interannual variability of the leading mode of eastern African precipitation in January and February
Authors: Kebacho Laban Lameck
Published: February 2024

The climatology and variability of the January to February (JF) season in eastern Africa's (EA) precipitation are examined during the 1960–2020 period, as off‐season climate could have dire consequences, considering agricultural practices tie to the seasonal cycle of precipitation. The analysis in this study is divided into four parts. The first is the climatological background of variability during the JF season. Second, the spatiotemporal variability of the leading mode of the JF precipitation is described using an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method. Third, anomalous atmospheric circulations linked to the variability of the JF precipitation were examined through composite analysis. Fourth, the link between JF precipitation and sea surface temperature (SST) is explored using composite and correlation analyses. The leading mode (EOF1) shows a monopole variation, with a positive anomaly in the entire region accounting for 55.1% of the total variance. EOF1 is linked to the SST anomaly (SSTA) over the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO). A warm (cool) SSTA in the TIO induces diabatic warming/adiabatic cooling (diabatic cooling/adiabatic warming). This leads to the rising (sinking) of warm and moist air (cold and dry air) from the lower to higher (higher to lower) troposphere via the ascending (descending) branch of the Walker circulation and contributes to the upper warm (cold) temperature anomaly centred at ~300 hPa. The warm (cold) anomaly is closely associated with the upper‐level westerly (easterly) and divergence (convergence) anomalies at the upper side of the warm (cold) core, coupled with ascending (descending) and deep wet (dry) anomalies below the warm (cold) core. This induces moisture convergence (divergence) and unstable (stable) conditions that favour (suppresses) precipitation over EA. Consequently, this study may facilitate the prediction of the JF precipitation and decrease in socio‐economic losses in EA.
Auditory Brainstem Implant Outcomes in Tumor and Nontumor Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Garcia Alejandro , Haleem Afash , Poe Sonja , Gosh Deborah , Christian Brown M. , Herrmann Barbara S. , Lee Daniel J.
Published: February 2024

Objective

To elucidate the differences in auditory performance between auditory brainstem implant (ABI) patients with tumor or nontumor etiologies.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection from 1990 to 2021.

Review Methods

We included published studies with 5 or more pediatric or adult ABI users. Auditory outcomes and side effects were analyzed with weighted means for closed‐set, open‐set speech, and categories of auditory performance (CAP) scores. Overall performance was compared using an Adult Pediatric Ranked Order Speech Perception (APROSPER) scale created for this study.

Results

Thirty‐six studies were included and underwent full‐text review. Data were extracted for 662 tumor and 267 nontumor patients. 83% were postlingually deafened and 17% were prelingually deafened. Studies that included tumor ABI patients had a weighted mean speech recognition of 39.2% (range: 19.6%‐83.3%) for closed‐set words, 23.4% (range: 17.2%‐37.5%) for open‐set words, 21.5% (range: 2.7%‐48.4%) for open‐set sentences, and 3.1 (range: 1.0‐3.2) for CAP scores. Studies including nontumor ABI patients had a weighted mean speech recognition of 79.8% (range: 31.7%‐84.4%) for closed‐set words, 53.0% (range: 14.6%‐72.5%) for open‐set sentences, and 2.30 (range: 2.0‐4.7) for CAP scores. Mean APROSPER results indicate better auditory performance among nontumor versus tumor patients (3.5 vs 3.0, P = .04). Differences in most common side effects were also observed between tumor and nontumor ABI patients.

Conclusion

Auditory performance is similar for tumor and nontumor patients for standardized auditory test scores. However, the APROSPER scale demonstrates better ABI performance for nontumor compared to tumor patients.
Semaglutide 2.4 mg clinical outcomes in patients with obesity or overweight in a real‐world setting: A 6‐month retrospective study in the United States (SCOPE)
Authors: Ruseva Aleksandrina , Michalak Wojciech , Zhao Zhenxiang , Fabricatore Anthony , Hartaigh Bríain Ó. , Umashanker Devika
Published: February 2024

Background

Management guidelines for obesity suggest maintaining a minimum of 5% body weight reduction to help prevent or lower the risk of developing conditions such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes. However, achieving long‐term weight control is difficult with lifestyle modification alone, making it essential to combine pharmacotherapy with diet and exercise in individual cases. Semaglutide 2.4 mg has demonstrated significant reductions in body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in clinical trials, but information on outcomes in a real‐world setting is limited.

Objective

To assess changes in body weight and other clinical outcomes at 6‐month follow‐up among adults on semaglutide 2.4 mg in a real‐world setting in the United States (US).

Methods

Observational and retrospective cohort study of patients initiating treatment between 15 June 2021, and 31 March 2022, using a large US claims‐linked electronic health record database.

Results

Mean (±SD) body mass index (BMI) of the 343 patients included in the analysis was 37.9 ± 5.5 kg/m2. After 6 months, mean body weight change was −10.5 ± 6.8 kg (95% CI: −11.2; −9.8, p < 0.001) and mean percentage body weight change was −10.0% ± 6.6% (95% CI: −10.7; −9.3, p < 0.001). Most (79.0%) patients had ≥5% body weight reduction, 48.1% had ≥10% body weight reduction, and 19.0% had ≥15% body weight reduction. Among patients with available data, the mean change in HbA1c (n = 30) was −0.6% ± 1.2% (95% CI: −1.0; −0.1, p = 0.016) and nearly two‐thirds of patients with prediabetes or diabetes at baseline reverted to normoglycemia. Mean reductions of −4.4 ± 12.3 mmHg (95% CI: −5.7; −3.0, p < 0.001) and −1.7 ± 8.4 mmHg (95% CI: −2.6; −0.7, p < 0.001) were observed in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively (n = 307). Statistically significant reductions in mean total cholesterol (−12.2 ± 38.8 mg/dl [95% CI: −24.3 to −0.06, p < 0.049]) and triglycerides (−18.3 ± 43.6 mg/dl [95% CI: −4.7; −31.9, p < 0.009]) were also observed (n = 42).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the effectiveness of semaglutide 2.4 mg in reducing body weight and improving cardiometabolic parameters in adults with overweight or obesity in a real‐world clinical practice setting, showing a significant mean body weight reduction and improvements in biomarkers like blood pressure and HbA1c over a 6‐month period. These findings, aligning with previous clinical trials at comparable time points, highlight the clinical relevance of semaglutide as an effective therapeutic option for obesity.
The 3‐Dimensional Temporal Bone Dissection Manual: Operable Stepwise Models for Teaching Otologic Surgery
Authors: Freiser Monika E. , Magnetta Michael , Ghodadra Anish , Castaño Johnathan E. , Jabbour Noel
Published: February 2024

Deconstructing surgeries into steps and providing instructions with illustrations has been the staple of surgical textbooks for decades. However, it may be difficult for the novice surgeon to interpret 2‐dimensional (2D) illustrations into 3D surgeries. The objective of this study is to create operable models that demonstrate the progression of surgery in 3D and allow for mastering the final steps of the operation first. Mastoidectomy was performed in a stepwise fashion to different end points on 5 identical 3D‐printed temporal bone models to represent 5 major steps of the operation. The drilled models were computed tomography scanned and the subsequent images were used to create 3D model copies of each step. This is the first study to demonstrate that it is possible to create, scan, and copy stepwise, operable, patient‐specific 3D‐printed models, which the trainee can both reference as a 3D dissection guide and can operate on repeatedly and in any order.
Novel olive stone biochar particle network for piezoresistive strain sensing in natural fiber‐reinforced composites
Authors: Schulte Sarina , Lübkemann‐Warwas Franziska , Kroll Stephen , Siebert‐Raths Andrea
Published: February 2024

Natural fiber‐reinforced composites (NFRCs) suffer from water absorption and low temperature stability, resulting in fiber degradation and subsequent material failure. Built‐in piezoresistive sensors are investigated to monitor the deformation/strain of the component. As a low‐cost material from renewable resources biochar particles derived from olive stones were applied on flax plies and yarn bundles that served as model systems. Carbon black samples as petrochemical variants were used as a reference material. Biochar and carbon black‐covered fiber systems were laminated in epoxy resin followed by tensile tests. The electrical resistance was recorded simultaneously during testing. Biochar with a broad size distribution from nano to high micrometer range (D < 200 μm) was superior in sensor performance compared to carbon black and biochar with a smaller particle size range D < 20 μm. Gauge factors (GF) of NFRC samples with integrated biochar particles reached 30–80 while carbon black could not exceed a GF of 8. To obtain maximum GFs, yarn count of flax yarn/ply substrate should be as thin as possible, but still enable percolation of the adhering particle network. Comparatively large particle size was identified as a contributing factor enabling the high GF for coarse biochar compared to carbon black.

Highlights

A nonfossil biochar built‐in piezoresistive sensor in natural fiber‐reinforced composites was fabricated

Deposing biochar directly on flax fibers facilitates processing

The biochar piezoresistive sensor exhibits superior sensitivity compared to carbon black
Synthesis and comparative study of high Tg and colorless polyamide‐imides with different amide‐to‐imide ratio
Authors: Mushtaq Nafeesa , Xing Jinglei , Li Xiaohong , Chen Guofei , Fang Xingzhong
Published: February 2024

Colorless polyimide (CPI), a heat‐resistant polymer being widely used in optoelectrical devices, has attracted worldwide attention. Polyamide‐imides due to the incorporation of amide groups into the CPI chains enhance the polymer performance by improving the thermal dimensional stability and excellent mechanical properties without sacrificing the optical transparency. In this article, CPI films PI‐(1‐3) are synthesized from one‐step polymerization of 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and cyclopentanone bis‐spironorbornane tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CpODA) with amide‐containing diamine N,N′‐(2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐diyl)bis(4‐aminobenzamide) (AB‐TFDB) and bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFDB). In comparison, by adjusting the ratio of imide and amide groups in the repeating unit, PI‐(4‐5) are prepared from copolymerization of terephthaloyl chloride (TPC), 6FDA, and CpODA with TFDB diamine. PI‐(1‐5) with 90% transmittance in the visible region tailored the excellent thermal and mechanical properties. Particularly, PI‐3 exhibited a high glass transition temperature of 412°C, a coefficient of thermal expansion of 20.8 ppm/K, a tensile strength of 128 MPa, and an elastic modulus of 5.4 GPa. The results also concluded that irrespective of the polyamide‐imide synthesis strategy, CPI films with similar amide‐to‐imide ratio in polymer chain demonstrated comparable optical, thermal, and mechanical properties.
A risk‐based evaluation of safe distance for a hydrogen refueling station
Authors: Bai Mingqi , Du Xin , Li Jianguo , Shu Chi‐Min , Feng Wei , Li Bing , Liu Yi
Published: February 2024

To ensure the safety of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) and protective targets in the surrounding area, this paper has introduced a risk‐based safe distance assessment method for a 35MP HRSs, emphasizing the impact of the station's surrounding area. The findings indicate that the safe distance is determined by vapor cloud explosion (VCE) accident scenarios arising from pipeline leaks (compressor‐hydrogen storage tanks) at 125 m. Therefore, a crucial focus should be placed on safeguarding and maintaining hydrogen pipelines. Furthermore, based on societal risk, the requirement of a 358‐m safe distance specifies that the population gathering within this range should be <500 people, virtually eliminating the possibility of constructing hydrogen stations in urban residential areas. Only in scenarios where VCE risks are not considered, less‐populated surrounding environments might reduce the safe distance of hydrogen stations. Eliminating the risk scenarios of VCE is a crucial approach to lowering the safe distance of HRSs, making establishing such stations in urban centers feasible. Therefore, factors such as open spaces, well‐ventilated facilities, and blast walls become critical elements in reducing the safe distance of HRSs.
Fusion dsRNA designs incorporating multiple target sequences can enhance the aphid control capacity of an RNAi‐based strategy
Authors: Wang Zi‐Guo , Qin Cong‐Yan , Chen Yang , Yu Xin‐Yuan , Chen Ruo‐Yu , Niu Jinzhi , Wang Jin‐Jun
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

RNA interference (RNAi) is the sequence‐dependent suppression of gene expression by double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). This is a promising strategy for the control of insect pests because dsRNA can be rationally designed to maximize efficacy and biosafety, the latter by using sequences that are found in target pests but are safe for non‐target insects. However, this has yet to be optimized in aphids, destructive sap‐sucking pests that also transmit plant viruses. We used the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) as a case study to optimize the efficiency of RNAi by applying a novel fusion dsRNA design.

RESULTS

Comparative transcriptomics revealed a number of genes that are induced in feeding aphids, and eight candidate genes were chosen as RNAi targets. To improve RNAi efficiency, our fusion dsRNA design approach combined optimal gene fragments (highly conserved in several aphid species but with less homology in beneficial insects such as the predator ladybeetle Propylea japonica) from three candidate genes. We compared this RNAi‐based biological control approach with conventional chemical control using imidacloprid. We found that the fusion dsRNA strategy inhibited the aphid population to a significantly greater extent than single‐target RNAi and did not affect ladybeetle fitness, allowing an additive effect between RNAi and natural predation, whereas imidacloprid was harmful to aphids and ladybeetles.

CONCLUSION

Our fusion dsRNA design approach enhances the ability of RNAi to control aphids without harming natural predators. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Photothermal controlled‐release microcapsule pesticide delivery systems constructed with sodium lignosulfonate and transition metal ions: construction, efficacy and on‐demand pesticide delivery
Authors: Huang Lingling , Jiang Guangqi
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Widespread application of controlled‐release pesticide delivery systems is a feasible and effective method to improve the utilization efficiency of pesticides. However, owing to the high cost and complicated preparation technologies of controlled‐release pesticide delivery systems, their applications in agricultural production have been seriously hindered.

RESULTS

This study aimed to construct inexpensive photothermally controlled‐release pesticide delivery systems using chitosan (CS) and sodium lignosulfonate (LS) as the wall materials, and a coordination assembly strategy of LS with transition metal ions to encapsulate a model pesticide, avermectin (AVM). The resulting complex or nanoparticle photothermal layers in these systems effectively achieved photothermal conversions, and replaced the use of common photothermal agents. In the prepared pesticide‐delivery systems, two systems had remarkable photothermal conversion performance and photothermal stabilities with a photothermal conversion efficiency (η) of 24.03% and 28.82%, respectively, under 808 nm, 2 W near‐infrared irradiation. The slow‐release and ultraviolet‐shielding performance of these two systems were markedly enhanced compared with other formulations. The insecticidal activities of these two systems against Plutella xylostella under irradiation with light‐emitting diode (LED)‐simulated sunlight were also enhanced by 5.20‐ and 5.06‐fold, respectively, compared with that without irradiation of LED‐simulated sunlight.

CONCLUSION

Because of their convenient preparations, inexpensive and renewable raw materials, and excellent photothermally controlled‐release performance, these on‐demand pesticide delivery systems might have significant potential in improving the utilization efficiency of pesticides in modern agriculture. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Predicting subgroup treatment effects for a new study: Motivations, results and learnings from running a data challenge in a pharmaceutical corporation
Authors: Bornkamp Björn , Zaoli Silvia , Azzarito Michela , Martin Ruvie , Müller Carsten Philipp , Moloney Conor , Capestro Giulia , Ohlssen David , Baillie Mark
Published: February 2024

We present the motivation, experience, and learnings from a data challenge conducted at a large pharmaceutical corporation on the topic of subgroup identification. The data challenge aimed at exploring approaches to subgroup identification for future clinical trials. To mimic a realistic setting, participants had access to 4 Phase III clinical trials to derive a subgroup and predict its treatment effect on a future study not accessible to challenge participants. A total of 30 teams registered for the challenge with around 100 participants, primarily from Biostatistics organization. We outline the motivation for running the challenge, the challenge rules, and logistics. Finally, we present the results of the challenge, the participant feedback as well as the learnings. We also present our view on the implications of the results on exploratory analyses related to treatment effect heterogeneity.
Futoquinol improves Aβ25–35‐induced memory impairment in mice by inhibiting the activation of p38MAPK through the glycolysis pathway and regulating the composition of the gut microbiota
Authors: Zhang Yuhan , Chen Hui , Zeng Mengnan , Guo Pengli , Liu Meng , Cao Bing , Wang Ru , Hao Fengxiao , Zheng Xiaoke , Feng Weisheng
Published: February 2024

Futoquinol (Fut) is a compound extracted from Piper kadsura that has a nerve cell protection effect. However, it is unclear whether Fut has protective effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of Fut in AD and its underlying mechanism. UPLC‐MS/MS method was performed to quantify Fut in the hippocampus of mice brain. The cognition ability, neuronal and mitochondria damage, and levels of Aβ1–42, Aβ1–40, p‐Tau, oxidative stress, apoptosis, immune cells, and inflammatory factors were measured in Aβ25–35‐induced mice. The content of bacterial meta‐geometry was predicted in the microbial composition based on 16S rDNA. The protein levels of HK II, p‐p38MAPK, and p38MAPK were detected. PC‐12 cells were cultured in vitro, and glucose was added to activate glycolysis to further explore the mechanism of action of Fut intervention in AD. Fut improved the memory and learning ability of Aβ25–35 mice, and reduced neuronal damage and the deposition of Aβ and Tau proteins. Moreover, Fut reduced mitochondrial damage, the levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory factors. Fut significantly inhibited the expression of HK II and p‐p38MAPK proteins. The in vitro experiment showed that p38MAPK was activated and Fut action inhibited after adding 10 mM glucose. Fut might inhibit the activation of p38MAPK through the glycolysis pathway, thereby reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory factors and improving Aβ25–35‐induced memory impairment in mice. These data provide pharmacological rationale for Fut in the treatment of AD.
Migration of catalyst elements from polyethylene terephthalate bottles into food simulants and mineral water under short‐ and long‐term conditions
Authors: Kishi Eri , Ozaki Asako , Ooshima Tomoko , Abe Yutaka , Mutsuga Motoh , Yamaguchi Yukihiko , Yamano Tetsuo
Published: February 2024

As polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles are common beverage containers, their safety is a matter of grave concern. In this study, migration behaviour of five elements (Ge, Ti, Sb, Co and P) used as catalysts, bluing agents and stabilizers during manufacturing from PET into beverages were assessed. Migration tests were performed on eight unused PET bottles under various conditions (food simulants: distilled water, 4% acetic acid and 50% ethanol; time: 10 days to 24 months; temperature: 25–60°C). The migration levels of two catalyst elements (Ge and Sb) under these conditions were 0.12–31.9 and <0.1–1.8, respectively, whereas Ti, Co and P were not detected (<2, <0.1 and <20 μg/L, respectively). The results showed storage temperature were positively correlated with migration of Sb and Ge in all food simulants. Different food simulants led to different levels of these elements migration at the same storage time and temperature, and the levels into 50% ethanol were higher than those into the other two food simulants. It was also shown that migration levels of Sb and Ge were below 2 and 20 μg/L even after 2 years of storage at room temperature, not exceeding the Japanese and EU regulation values. The Sb levels in distilled water were similar to those in commercially available bottled mineral waters, indicating that the migration tests provide a good reflection of the actual situation.
Performance and accuracy of cross‐section tracking methods for hydromorphological habitat assessment in wadable rivers with sparse canopy conditions
Authors: Schroff Robin , De Cesare Giovanni , Perona Paolo
Published: February 2024

This article investigates the performance and accuracy of continuous Real‐Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) position tracking for hydromorphological surveys, based on a comprehensive river restoration monitoring campaign. The aim of the research was to assess the method's suitability for efficient data collection in turbid, wadable rivers with sparse canopy conditions, and responds to the water management sector's increasing demand for efficient, low‐cost, and robust survey techniques. The methodological approach involved comparing manual, cross‐sectional water depth measurements to water depth estimations obtained by applying different interpolation methods to the continuous tracking data. The results demonstrate good agreement between both datasets (R2 = 0.77, RMSE = 0.13 m). When using a local standard deviation filter to remove noisy RTK‐GNSS measurements, estimation performance increased significantly (R2 = 0.96, RMSE = 0.06 m). The filter's influence on the hydromorphological habitat statistics mean water depth and coefficient of variation was limited but proved to be relevant for reach‐scale assessments of hydromorphological diversity. Based on a correlation analysis of >106 RTK‐GNSS position logs, we furthermore assessed the impact of tree canopy on RTK‐GNSS measurement accuracy and observed a strong influence within 6.5 m from the canopy border. Estimated accuracy deteriorated noticeably when canopy penetration exceeded 1 m, and accuracies >1 m were common beyond 4 m penetration. The study highlights the efficiency gains achieved with RTK‐GNSS tracking, and showcases its potential for hydromorphological surveys and streamgaging applications in challenging conditions, making it a promising alternative to traditional methods and remote sensing techniques.
Reading between the lines: The intersection of research attention and sustainable development goals
Authors: Funk Christoph , Tönjes Elena , Teuber Ramona , Breuer Lutz
Published: February 2024

In September 2015, the United Nations (UN) adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to transform our world by 2030. The scientific discourse around these SDGs has expanded rapidly since then, highlighting the need for efficient analysis of the large amount of textual data using Natural Language Processing. Our research addresses this need by employing a zero‐shot text classification for SDG‐related scientific articles, which allows for a thorough examination of scholarly discourse and the relationship between research attention and SDG achievement. We introduce the Research Attention Index (RAI), a novel metric that quantifies the research attention each SDG receives within a specific country. Our study contributes to the existing literature by providing a holistic view of global research attention to the SDGs. It also demonstrates the effectiveness of zero‐shot text classification for large‐scale textual labeling, and underlines the relevance of abstract analysis in understanding SDG‐related discourse. Moreover, we examine the (non)‐linear relationship between the RAI and SDG achievement across countries. Our results indicate considerable variations in the scientific discourse across countries worldwide and reveal a complex, non‐linear relationship between research attention and progress towards achieving the SDGs. This underscores the importance of understanding the dynamics between research attention and sustainable development outcomes.
Exploring the causal relationship between PM 2.5 air pollution and urban areas economic welfare and social‐wellbeing: Evidence form 15 European capitals
Authors: Andrei Jean Vasile , Cristea Dragoş Sebastian , Nuţă Florian Marcel , Petrea Ştefan‐Mihai , Nuţă Alina Cristina , Tudor Adriana Tiron , Chivu Luminita
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between air pollution (PM2.5) and a collection of features related to urban areas economic welfare and social‐wellbeing based on data collected from a number of 15 European capitals, for a seven years' period (2010–2017). The empirical analysis describes the correlation between the particulate pollution and welfare features in selected urban areas. Moreover, the PM2.5 pollutions may affect the economic and social development of these areas as, both entrepreneurs and population are inclined to relocate for a healthier environment. The models emphasize aspects related to the impact of PM 2.5 on different dimensions as follows: real estate rent values and land prices, restaurants food prices, community economic development, human welfare, as well as urban traffic. From the various correlations we have also discovered that for the urban areas included in the research, at early stages urbanization has the highest impact on air pollution. The findings of this study may offer hints for decision makers for their social and economic policy options. A clean urban environment will attract more skilled employees seeking for economic, social and environmental wellbeing. If the urban agglomerations authorities will fail to mitigate properly the air pollution issues the wellbeing will decrease along with the willingness of urban population to stay in such areas.
Fabrication and Characterization of Metal/Semiconductor Junction Devices Using Four Benzaldehyde Derivatives
Authors: Das Prantika , Das Mainak , Ray Partha Pratim , Seth Saikat Kumar
Published: February 2024

Four benzaldehyde derivatives [ALD‐1: compound (1), ALD‐2: compound (2), ALD‐5: compound (3), ALD‐6: compound (4)] were taken to investigate their optical band gap by UV‐vis spectroscopy. Semiconducting devices were fabricated using these compounds to study their electrical properties. The current‐voltage (I–V) characteristics graph was obtained. Furthermore, the diode parameters were extracted by conventional methods to analyze the charge transport mechanism. From the dielectric study, a low dielectric constant was observed. Moreover, each compound‘s mobility and transit time were derived to compare the device performance of benzaldehyde derivatives.
Gelatin‐Encapsulated Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure Enhances Cellular Internalization for Treating Noise‐Induced Hearing Loss
Authors: Xu Ke , Du Yiwei , Xu Baoying , Huang Yuqi , Feng Wei , Yu Dehong , Chen Yu , Wang Xueling
Published: February 2024

Nanoparticle‐based drug delivery strategies have emerged as a crucial avenue for comprehensive sensorineural hearing loss treatment. Nevertheless, developing therapy vectors crossing both biological and cellular barriers has encountered significant challenges deriving from various external factors. Herein, the rational integration of gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) with tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) to engineer a distinct drug‐delivery nanosystem (designed as TDN@GNP) efficiently enhances the biological permeability and cellular internalization, further resolving the dilemma of noise‐induced hearing loss via loading epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with anti‐lipid peroxidation property. Rationally engineering of TDN@GNP demonstrates dramatic alterations in the physicochemical key parameters of TDNs that are pivotal in cell‐particle interactions and promote cellular uptake through multiple endocytic pathways. Furthermore, the EGCG‐loaded nanosystem (TDN‐EGCG@GNP) facilitates efficient inner ear drug delivery by superior permeability through the biological barrier (round window membrane), maintaining high drug concentration within the inner ear. The TDN‐EGCG@GNP actively overcomes the cell membrane, exhibiting hearing protection from noise insults via reduced lipid peroxidation in outer hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. This work exemplifies how integrating diverse vector functionalities can overcome biological and cellular barriers in the inner ear, offering promising applications for inner ear disorders.
Semiconducting 2D Copper(I) Iodide Coordination Polymer as a Potential Chemiresistive Sensor for Methanol
Authors: Mishra Shivendu , Patel Chandrabhan , Pandey Dilip , Mukherjee Shaibal , Raghuvanshi Abhinav
Published: February 2024

The development of a cost‐effective, ultra‐selective, and room temperature gas sensor is the need of an hour, owing to the rapid industrialization. Here, a new 2D semiconducting Cu(I) coordination polymer (CP) with 1,4‐di(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)benzene (1,4‐TzB) ligand is reported. The CP1 consists of a Cu2I2 secondary building unit bridged by 1,4‐TzB, and has high stability as well as semiconducting properties. The chemiresistive sensor, developed by a facile drop‐casting method derived from CP1, demonstrates a response value of 66.7 at 100 ppm on methanol exposure, accompanied by swift transient (response and recovery time 17.5 and 34.2 s, respectively) behavior. In addition, the developed sensor displays ultra‐high selectivity toward methanol over other volatile organic compounds , boasting LOD and LOQ values of 1.22 and 4.02 ppb, respectively. The CP is found to be a state‐of‐the‐art chemiresistive sensor with ultra‐high sensitivity and selectivity toward methanol at room temperature.
In Situ Modulation of Oxygen Vacancies on 2D Metal Hydroxide Organic Frameworks for High‐Efficiency Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ge Kai , Zhao Yi , Hu Yidong , Wang Zhuozhi , Wang Jingjing , Yang Mingtao , Cui He , Yang Yongfang , Zhu Lei , Shen Boxiong
Published: February 2024

The discovery of non‐precious catalysts for replacing the precious metal of ruthenium in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) represents a key step in reducing the cost of green hydrogen production. The 2D d‐MHOFs, a new 2D materials with controllable oxygen vacancies formed by controlling the degree of coordination bridging between metal hydroxyl oxide and BDC ligands are synthesized at room temperature, exhibit excellent OER properties with low overpotentials of 207  mV at 10 mA cm−2. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy images and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the introduction of oxygen vacancy sites leads to a lattice distortion and charge redistribution in the catalysts, enhancing the OER activity of 2D d‐MHOFs comprehensively. Synchrotron radiation and in situ Raman/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicate that part of oxygen defect sites on the surface of 2D d‐MHOFs are prone to transition to highly active metal hydroxyl oxides during the OER process. This work provides a mild strategy for scalable preparation of 2D d‐MHOFs nanosheets with controllable oxygen defects, reveals the relationship between oxygen vacancies and OER performance, and offers a profound insight into the basic process of structural transformation in the OER process.
Calibration for Space Solar Cells: Progress, Prospects, and Challenges
Authors: Xu Guoning , Cai Peiyuan , Tu Yongguang , Kong Hua , Ke Zhijie , Li Yongxiang , Zhuang Chunyu , Du Xiaowei , Zhang Yanlei , Li Zhaojie , Song Kaiyin , Jiang Luhua , Wang Xuwei , Jia Zhongzhen , Huang Tingshuang , Chen Kang , Zhang Taihua , Zhang Donghui , Wang Zihao , Luo Qun , Zhu Rui , Liu Zhengxin , Yang Yanchu , Cai Rong
Published: February 2024

Space solar cells, have been providing a consistent supply of energy for various spacecraft for decades. Currently, the third‐generation solar cells, such as perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and organic solar cells, have demonstrated significant potential for space applications. However, their real performance in space environments is not yet clear. To assess crucial performance parameters, solar cells need to be calibrated under the standard space spectral irradiance before deployment in space. This is known as AM0 calibration. This review article focuses on the calibration techniques and methods for space solar cells. The topics covered include space environment and standard testing condition for solar cells, the measurements of key parameters for traditional solar cells, advancements in PSCs and organic solar cells for space applications, and a comprehensive review of diverse calibration methods. The discussion spans from near‐ground calibration to near‐space calibration and space calibration, encompassing approaches, key technologies, developmental milestones, and the respective merits of each calibration methods, especially focus on high altitude balloon calibration. Finally, the article addresses the challenges and future trends of space solar cell calibration based on the aforementioned discussions.
Brandrisiko von E‐Fahrzeugen und kraftstoffbetriebenen Fahrzeugen in offenen, oberirdischen Parkgaragen: Teil 2: Bauteilbemessung und Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse
Authors: Meyer Patrick , Schaumann Peter , Sander Lisa , Zehfuß Jochen
Published: February 2024

Um dem Klimawandel zu begegnen, ist u. a. ein Umstieg von Fahrzeugen mit Verbrennungsmotoren auf E‐Fahrzeuge geboten. Konsequenterweise ist in Deutschland eine stark zunehmende Anzahl von E‐Fahrzeugen zu beobachten. In diesem Zusammenhang stellt sich die Frage, ob und – wenn ja – wie sich diese Entwicklung auf Brandrisiken in Parkgaragen auswirkt. Antworten auf diese Frage gibt ein Forschungsprojekt unter Federführung des Instituts für Stahlbau der Leibniz Universität Hannover in Kooperation mit dem iBMB, Fachgebiet Brandschutz, der TU Braunschweig. Konkret ging es darum, wie sich die unterschiedlichen Brandszenarien von E‐Fahrzeugen im Vergleich zu Fahrzeugen mit Verbrennungsmotoren auf das Tragverhalten von Stahl‐ und Stahlverbundkonstruktionen in offenen, oberirdischen Parkhäusern auswirken. In diesem Beitrag wird die methodische Vorgehensweise zur Bewertung des Brandrisikos auf Basis einer Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse für die Tragstrukturen dieser Parkgaragen erläutert. Mittels der Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse wird an exemplarischen Brandszenarien für einen Verbundträger die Vorgehensweise zur Bewertung des Brandrisikos dargestellt. Im Ergebnis kann aus der Brandrisikoanalyse abgeleitet werden, dass Brandszenarien mit E‐Fahrzeugen keine höheren Risiken als herkömmliche Fahrzeuge mit Verbrennungsmotoren bergen und das gebotene Sicherheitsniveau erfüllen.
Strukturspannungen an Kreishohlprofilknoten – Methoden im Vergleich
Authors: Krahl Philipp , Kühn Bertram , Stranghöner Natalie
Published: February 2024

Zur Bewertung der Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Hohlprofilknoten wird bevorzugt das Strukturspannungskonzept herangezogen. Die Bestimmung der entsprechenden Beanspruchungskennwerte kann grundsätzlich anhand verschiedener Methoden erfolgen. Diesbezüglich wird überwiegend die Methode der Oberflächenextrapolation angewandt, welche in normativen Regelwerken fest verankert ist. Im Rahmen des Beitrags wird neben diesem etablierten Verfahren das Konzept der Innenlinearisierung näher erläutert, da hierzu in einschlägigen Regelwerken nur weniger detaillierte Anwendungshinweise formuliert sind. Darüber hinaus wird ein alternativer Ansatz vorgestellt, der es prinzipiell ermöglicht, Strukturspannungen direkt dem Berechnungsmodell zu entnehmen. Um eine aussagekräftige Bewertung der Vergleichbarkeit und Allgemeingültigkeit der Verfahren vornehmen zu können, wurden Untersuchungen an K‐, Y‐ sowie KK‐Knoten durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse werden abschließend gegenübergestellt.
Zur Bemessung von Verbunddübelleisten mit Klothoidenform für Schubbeanspruchungen in Längs‐ und Querrichtung
Authors: Wisnewski Joachim , Lewerenz Camilla , Stroetmann Richard
Published: February 2024

Bei Straßenbrücken mit orthotrop ausgesteiften Stahlfahrbahnplatten sind in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten aufgrund der stark angestiegenen Verkehrsbelastung und einer unzureichenden Auslegung vermehrt Ermüdungsschäden aufgetreten. Um die Vorteile der leichten Bauweise zu nutzen, aber gleichzeitig wesentliche Probleme zu beseitigen, wurde an der Technischen Universität Dresden im Rahmen des AiF‐FOSTA‐Forschungsprojekts P 1265 die Orthoverbundfahrbahnplatte mit Dübelleisten entwickelt. Anders als in der Bauartgenehmigung berücksichtigt, wird die Verbunddübelleiste in der Orthoverbundfahrbahnplatte in Längs‐ und Querrichtung auf Schub beansprucht. Der Verbund zwischen der Stahlkonstruktion und der dünnen Aufbetonschicht wird bei dieser Bauweise in beiden Richtungen hergestellt und statisch genutzt. Bisher wurden bei Verbunddübelleisten weder die Tragfähigkeit noch die Tragwirkung bei Querschubbeanspruchung untersucht. Aufgrund der bewusst gering gewählten Stärke der Stahlbetonschicht waren Abweichungen der Leistengeometrie von der geltenden Bauartgenehmigung notwendig. Im Forschungsprojekt P 1265 wurden daher umfangreiche experimentelle und strukturmechanische Untersuchungen des Tragverhaltens von Verbunddübelleisten in Klothoidenform in Längs‐ und Querrichtung durchgeführt und Bemessungsansätze hieraus abgeleitet bzw. überprüft. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird eine Zusammenfassung hierzu vorgestellt.
ELF Communication Strategies: A Pedagogical Intervention Pilot Study
Authors: Caprario Marcella
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of ELF communication strategy instruction for university students’ communicative competence. Conceptual studies on ELF‐informed pedagogy stress the importance of teaching strategies, which promote mutual understanding and positive relationships, but few empirical pedagogical studies exist. This gap seriously hinders efforts to develop more inclusive English language and intercultural communication teaching practices that meet real‐world communication needs. In response, this pilot study developed and tested the effectiveness of instructional materials and assessment instruments for teaching ELF communication strategies. These materials were pilot tested with 26 L1 and LX English speaking participants. The two assessments resulted in statistically significant improvements from pre‐ to posttest with small effect sizes. Participant opinion survey responses were overwhelmingly positive. Based on these encouraging preliminary results, follow‐up pedagogical studies should expand on this pilot study to yield a more comprehensive understanding of ELF communication strategy instruction.
Effect of blending sequence and epoxy functionalized compatibilizer on barrier and mechanical properties of PBS and PBS/PLA nanocomposite blown films
Authors: Adrar Salima , Ajji Abdellah
Published: February 2024

This study focuses on developing compostable nanocomposite blown films, aiming to enhance oxygen barrier properties while maintaining good mechanical performance. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and its blend with polylactic acid (PLA) were selected as matrices for the films. Organo‐montmorillonite Delite®43B (D43B) clay was incorporated to improve oxygen barrier, and random ethylene‐methyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer served as a plasticizer and reactive compatibilizer. Different blending sequences were examined to determine the optimal one that led to significant enhancements in both the barrier and mechanical properties of the final nanocomposite blown film. Various techniques, including SEM, TEM, XRD, DSC, oxygen permeability, and tensile testing were employed to characterize the morphology of the compounds and blown films. The results reveal greater oxygen barrier properties depending on the blending sequence. Indeed, a reduction in oxygen permeability exceeding 50% was observed following the addition of 3 wt% of D43B to the PBS/PLA film, selectively localized in the PLA phase. This enhancement further intensified after the addition of 5 wt% of the epoxy functionalized compatibilizer.

Highlights

Enhancing PLA‐PBS compatibility with the epoxy functionalized compatibilizer led to a reduction in the final film's oxygen permeability.

Achieving ideal ductility and barrier balance in films requires a synergistic blend of components: D43B, PLA, PBS, and compatibilizer.

Optimizing balanced synergistic effects among compounds depends on the blending sequence method.
Authentic leadership: Centering context to critically examine authenticity
Authors: Turman Natasha T.
Published: February 2024

Conversations on authentic leadership development all too often are devoid of contextual considerations. Little attention is placed on how authentic leadership is actualized by individuals who hold marginalized and minoritized social identities and/or whose lived experiences diverge from the privileged majority; and therefore, must strategically negotiate facets of self to “do leadership.” This article illustrates how facets of one's lived experiences, social identities, and worldviews significantly shape and guide how “authentic” leaders show up and practice leadership authentically. This article highlights how elements like code‐switching and impression management challenge preconceived notions of what it means to be “good” and “genuine” as a leader to better understand how a theory like authentic leadership gets operationalized. This deeper analysis of authentic leadership provides a nuanced perspective to inform curricular and co‐curricular designs that are mindful of context, power, and privilege as well as the uniqueness of the individual.
Emerging from critique towards liberation: A Framework in leadership education
Authors: Wiborg Erica R. , Manning‐Ouellette Amber , Roland Ericka
Published: February 2024

What does liberation look like in leadership learning and education? This article offers examples for (re)imagining leadership education in program design, coordination, and assessment by centering the leadership for liberation framework and other liberatory approaches. The authors offer examples of how these frameworks serve as an entry point for college student liberatory leadership learning.