bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interesting Features Finder: A New Approach to Multispectral Image Analysis
Authors: Palleschi Vincenzo , Marras Luciano , Turchetti Maria Angela
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we discuss a new approach to the analysis of multi/hyper-spectral data sets, based on the Interesting Features Finder (IFF) method. The IFF is a simple algorithm recently proposed in the framework of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) spectral analysis for detecting ‘interesting’ spectral features independently of the variance they represent in a set of spectra. To test the usefulness of this method to multispectral analysis, we show in this paper the results of its application on the recovery of a ‘lost’ painting from the Etruscan hypogeal tomb of the Volumni (3rd century BCE—1st century CE) in Perugia, Italy. The results obtained applying the IFF algorithm are compared with the results obtained by applying Blind Source Separation (BSS) techniques and Self-Organized Maps (SOM) to a multispectral set of 17 fluorescence and reflection images. From this comparison emerges the possibility of using the IFF algorithm to obtain rapidly and simultaneously, by varying a single parameter in a range from 0 to 1, several sets of elaborated images all containing the ‘interesting’ features and carrying information comparable to what could have been obtained by BSS and SOM, respectively.
Antiulcerogenic Potential of the Ethanolic Extract of Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna Evaluated by In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Dörr Juliana Andréa , Majolo Fernanda , Bortoluzzi Luísa , de Vargas Evelin Zen , Silva Joana , Pasini Manoela , Stoll Stefani Natali , da Rosa Rafael Lopes , Figueira Mariana Moreira , Fronza Márcio , Beys-da-Silva Walter O. , Martins Alice , Gaspar Helena , Pedrosa Rui P. , Laufer Stefan , Goettert Márcia Inês
Published: December 2022

Gastrointestinal diseases, such as peptic ulcers, are caused by a damage in the gastric mucosa provoked by several factors. This stomach injury is regulated by many inflammatory mediators and is commonly treated with proton-pump inhibitors, histamine H2 receptor blockers and antacids. However, various medicinal plants have demonstrated positive effects on gastric ulcer treatment, including plants of the Ceiba genus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiulcer and anti-inflammatory activities of the stem bark ethanolic extract of Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna. We performed a preliminary quantification of phenolic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), followed by the prospection of other chemical groups through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. A set of in vitro assays was used to evaluate the extract potential regarding its antioxidant activity (DPPH: 19.83 ± 0.34 µg/mL; TPC: 307.20 ± 6.20 mg GAE/g of extract), effects on cell viability and on the release of TNF-α in whole human blood. Additionally, in vivo assays were performed to evaluate the leukocyte accumulation and total protein quantification in carrageenan-induced air pouch, as well as the antiulcerogenic effect of the extract on an ethanol-induced ulcer in rats. The extract contains flavonoids and phenolic compounds, as well as sugars and quinic acid derivatives exhibiting potent antioxidant activity and low toxicity. The extract reduced the release of TNF-α in human blood and inhibited the activity of p38α (1.66 µg/mL), JAK3 (5.25 µg/mL), and JNK3 (8.34 µg/mL). Moreover, it reduced the leukocyte recruitment on the pouch exudate and the formation of edema, reverting the effects caused by carrageenan. The extract presented a significant prevention of ulcer formation and a higher reduction than the reference drug, Omeprazole. Therefore, C. speciosa extract has demonstrated relevant therapeutic potential for the treatment of gastric diseases, deserving the continuation of further studies to unveil the mechanisms of action of plant bioactive ingredients.
Recent Advances in Mesoporous Materials and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Cecilia Juan Antonio , Moreno-Tost Ramón
Published: December 2022

Since the beginning of civilization, porous materials have been used for medical purposes [...]
Elsholtzia bodinieri Vaniot Ameliorated Acute Lung Injury by NQO1, BCL2 and PTGS2 In Silico and In Vitro Analyses
Authors: Sun Jin , Jiang Xiaoqian , Chen Yuxu , Guo Shancheng , Zhao Zhiye , Cao Jianxin , Liu Yaping , Cheng Guiguang , Li Ye , Tian Lei
Published: December 2022

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinical respiratory disease caused by various factors, which lacks effective pharmacotherapy to reduce the mortality rate. Elsholtzia bodinieri Vaniot is an annual herbaceous plant used as a traditional herbal tea and folk medicine. Here we used bioinformatic databases and software to explore and analyze the potential key genes in ALI regulated by E. bodinieri Vaniot, including B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 (Nqo1). In an inflammatory cells model, we verified bioinformatics results, and further mechanistic analysis showed that methanol extract of E. bodinieri Vaniot (EBE) could alleviate oxidative stress by upregulating the expression of NQO1, suppress pyroptosis by upregulating the expression of BCL2, and attenuate inflammation by downregulating the expression of PTGS2. In sum, our results demonstrated that EBE treatment could alleviate oxidative stress, suppress pyroptosis and attenuate inflammation by regulating NQO1, BCL2 and PTGS2 in a cells model, and E. bodinieri Vaniot might be a promising source for functional food or as a therapeutic agent.
Genetic Manipulation of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors Reveals a Role in Maintaining Proper Skeletal Muscle Morphology and Function in Mice
Authors: Singlár Zoltán , Ganbat Nyamkhuu , Szentesi Péter , Osgonsandag Nomin , Szabó László , Telek Andrea , Fodor János , Dienes Beatrix , Gönczi Mónika , Csernoch László , Sztretye Mónika
Published: December 2022

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) refers to a widespread signaling system and its alteration is implicated in a growing number of human diseases. Cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are highly expressed in the central nervous system and many peripheral tissues. Evidence suggests that CB1Rs are expressed in human and murine skeletal muscle mainly in the cell membrane, but a subpopulation is present also in the mitochondria. However, very little is known about the latter population. To date, the connection between the function of CB1Rs and the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling has not been investigated yet. Tamoxifen-inducible skeletal muscle-specific conditional CB1 knock-down (skmCB1-KD, hereafter referred to as Cre+/−) mice were used in this study for functional and morphological analysis. After confirming CB1R down-regulation on the mRNA and protein level, we performed in vitro muscle force measurements and found that peak twitch, tetanus, and fatigue were decreased significantly in Cre+/− mice. Resting intracellular calcium concentration, voltage dependence of the calcium transients as well as the activity dependent mitochondrial calcium uptake were essentially unaltered by Cnr1 gene manipulation. Nevertheless, we found striking differences in the ultrastructural architecture of the mitochondrial network of muscle tissue from the Cre+/− mice. Our results suggest a role of CB1Rs in maintaining physiological muscle function and morphology. Targeting ECS could be a potential tool in certain diseases, including muscular dystrophies where increased endocannabinoid levels have already been described.
Dual-Activated Nano-Prodrug for Chemo-Photodynamic Combination Therapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Lu Ziyao , Xu Gan , Yang Xiaozhen , Liu Shijia , Sun Yang , Chen Li , Liu Qinying , Liu Jianyong
Published: December 2022

Herein, we developed a dual-activated prodrug, BTC, that contains three functional components: a glutathione (GSH)-responsive BODIPY-based photosensitizer with a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect between BODIPY and the 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate (DNBS) group, and an ROS-responsive thioketal linker connecting BODIPY and the chemotherapeutic agent camptothecin (CPT). Interestingly, CPT displayed low toxicity because the active site of CPT was modified by the BODIPY-based macrocycle. Additionally, BTC was encapsulated with the amphiphilic polymer DSPE-mPEG2000 to improve drug solubility and tumor selectivity. The resulting nano-prodrug passively targeted tumor cells through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects, and then the photosensitizing ability of the BODIPY dye was restored by removing the DNBS group with the high concentration of GSH in tumor cells. Light-triggered ROS from activated BODIPY can not only induce apoptosis or necrosis of tumor cells but also sever the thioketal linker to release CPT, achieving the combination treatment of selective photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. The antitumor activity of the prodrug has been demonstrated in mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 and human breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines and 4T1 tumor-bearing mice.
Trichoderma spp. Improves Flowering, Quality, and Nutritional Status of Ornamental Plants
Authors: Andrzejak Roman , Janowska Beata
Published: December 2022

Scientists all over the world conduct research to determine the influence of Trichoderma spp. on various groups of plants, mostly crops. However, there is little information on the influence of these fungi on ornamental plants. Therefore, the authors of this study analyzed the influence of Trichoderma spp. on the growth, flowering, quality, and nutritional status of ornamental plants. The research showed that Trichoderma spp. in this group of plants stimulate the elongation and thickening of shoots and the formation of leaves. These fungi also stimulate or inhibit leaf elongation. They also accelerate the flowering of plants, stimulate the elongation of inflorescence shoots and inflorescences, and the development of flowers. Apart from that, Trichoderma spp. positively influence the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids in leaves, and they stimulate the uptake of micro- and macroelements.
High-Yield Production of Chimeric Hepatitis E Virus-Like Particles Bearing the M2e Influenza Epitope and Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 in Plants Using Viral Vectors
Authors: Mardanova Eugenia S. , Kotlyarov Roman Y. , Stuchinskaya Maya D. , Nikolaeva Lyudmila I. , Zahmanova Gergana , Ravin Nikolai V.
Published: December 2022

Capsid protein of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is capable of self-assembly into virus-like particles (VLPs) when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Such VLPs could be used as carriers of antigens for vaccine development. In this study, we obtained VLPs based on truncated coat protein of HEV bearing the M2e peptide of Influenza A virus or receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (RBD). We optimized the immunogenic epitopes’ presentation by inserting them into the protruding domain of HEV ORF2 at position Tyr485. The fusion proteins were expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using self-replicating potato virus X (PVX)-based vector. The fusion protein HEV/M2, targeted to the cytosol, was expressed at the level of about 300–400 μg per gram of fresh leaf tissue and appeared to be soluble. The fusion protein was purified using metal affinity chromatography under native conditions with the final yield about 200 μg per gram of fresh leaf tissue. The fusion protein HEV/RBD, targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum, was expressed at about 80–100 μg per gram of fresh leaf tissue; the yield after purification was up to 20 μg per gram of fresh leaf tissue. The recombinant proteins HEV/M2 and HEV/RBD formed nanosized virus-like particles that could be recognized by antibodies against inserted epitopes. The ELISA assay showed that antibodies of COVID-19 patients can bind plant-produced HEV/RBD virus-like particles. This study shows that HEV capsid protein is a promising carrier for presentation of foreign antigen.
Altered GABAA Receptor Expression in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex of a Mouse Model of Genetic Absence Epilepsy
Authors: Hassan Muhammad , Adotevi Nadia K. , Leitch Beulah
Published: December 2022

Absence seizures are hyperexcitations within the cortico-thalamocortical (CTC) network, however the underlying causative mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level are still being elucidated and appear to be multifactorial. Dysfunctional feed-forward inhibition (FFI) is implicated as one cause of absence seizures. Previously, we reported altered excitation onto parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons in the CTC network of the stargazer mouse model of absence epilepsy. In addition, downstream changes in GABAergic neurotransmission have also been identified in this model. Our current study assessed whether dysfunctional FFI affects GABAA receptor (GABAAR) subunit expression in the stargazer primary somatosensory cortex (SoCx). Global tissue expression of GABAAR subunits α1, α3, α4, α5, β2, β3, γ2 and δ were assessed using Western blotting (WB), while biochemically isolated subcellular fractions were assessed for the α and δ subunits. We found significant reductions in tissue and synaptic expression of GABAAR α1, 18% and 12.2%, respectively. However, immunogold-cytochemistry electron microscopy (ICC-EM), conducted to assess GABAAR α1 specifically at synapses between PV+ interneurons and their targets, showed no significant difference. These data demonstrate a loss of phasic GABAAR α1, indicating altered GABAergic inhibition which, coupled with dysfunctional FFI, could be one mechanism contributing to the generation or maintenance of absence seizures.
Metabolomics and Proteomics Characterizing Hepatic Reactions to Dietary Linseed Oil in Duck
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Ao , Wang Laidi , Yang Ting , Dong Bingqiang , Wang Zhixiu , Bi Yulin , Chen Guohong , Chang Guobin
Published: December 2022

The imbalance in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition in human food is ubiquitous and closely related to obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The development of n-3 PUFA-enriched poultry products is of great significance for optimizing fatty acid composition. This study aimed to improve our understanding of the effects of dietary linseed oil on hepatic metabolism using untargeted metabolomics and 4D label-free proteome analysis. A total of 91 metabolites and 63 proteins showed differences in abundance in duck livers between the high linseed oil and control groups. Pathway analysis revealed that the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, glycerophospholipid, and pyrimidine metabolisms were significantly enriched in ducks fed with linseed oil. Meanwhile, dietary linseed oil changed liver fatty acid composition, which was reflected in the increase in the abundance of downstream metabolites, such as α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) as a substrate, including n-3 PUFA and its related glycerophospholipids, and a decrease in downstream n-6 PUFA synthesis using linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) as a substrate. Moreover, the anabolism of PUFA in duck livers showed substrate-dependent effects, and the expression of related proteins in the process of fatty acid anabolism, such as FADS2, LPIN2, and PLA2G4A, were significantly regulated by linseed oil. Collectively, our work highlights the ALA substrate dependence during n-3 PUFA synthesis in duck livers. The present study expands our knowledge of the process products of PUFA metabolism and provides some potential biomarkers for liver health.
Protein Kinase Inhibitors as a New Target for Immune System Modulation and Brain Cancer Management
Authors: Filippone Alessia , Mannino Deborah , Casili Giovanna , Lanza Marika , Paterniti Irene , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Capra Anna Paola , Colarossi Lorenzo , Giuffrida Dario , Lombardo Sofia Paola , Esposito Emanuela
Published: December 2022

High-grade brain tumors are malignant tumors with poor survival and remain the most difficult tumors to treat. An important contributing factor to the development and progression of brain tumors is their ability to evade the immune system. Several immunotherapeutic strategies including vaccines and checkpoint inhibitors have been studied to improve the effectiveness of the immune system in destroying cancer cells. Recent studies have shown that kinase inhibitors, capable of inhibiting signal transduction cascades that affect cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, have additional immunological effects. In this review, we explain the beneficial therapeutic effects of novel small-molecule kinase inhibitors and explore how, through different mechanisms, they increase the protective antitumor immune response in high-grade brain tumors.
TRIB3 Mediates Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis though Interaction with ATF4 in IPF
Authors: Wang Lan , Zhao Wenyu , Xia Cong , Li Zhongzheng , Zhao Weiming , Xu Kai , Wang Ningdan , Lian Hui , Rosas Ivan O. , Yu Guoying
Published: December 2022

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by fibroblast activation, excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, and progressive scarring; the pathogenesis remains elusive. The present study explored the role of Tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3), a well-known stress and metabolic sensor, in IPF. TRIB3 is down-regulated in the lungs of IPF patients in comparison to control subjects. Deficiency of TRIB3 markedly inhibited A549 epithelial cells’ proliferation and migration, significantly reducing wound healing. Conversely, overexpression of TRIB3 promoted A549 cell proliferation and transmigration while it inhibited its apoptosis. Meanwhile, overexpressed TRIB3 inhibited fibroblast activation and decreased ECM synthesis and deposition in MRC5 cells. TRIB3 attenuated pulmonary fibrosis by negative regulation of ATF4, while TRIB3 expression markedly inhibited ATF4 promoter-driven transcription activity and down-regulated ATF4 expression. A co-culture system showed that TRIB3 is important to maintain the normal epithelial–mesenchymal crosstalk and regulate fibroblast activation. Taken together, our data suggested that an axis of TRIB3–ATF4 is a key mediator in IPF which might be a potential target for fibroproliferative lung disease treatment.
Menadione Potentiates Auranofin-Induced Glioblastoma Cell Death
Authors: Szeliga Monika , Rola Radosław
Published: December 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Recently, agents increasing the level of oxidative stress have been proposed as anticancer drugs. However, their efficacy may be lowered by the cytoprotective activity of antioxidant enzymes, often upregulated in neoplastic cells. Here, we assessed the mRNA and protein expression of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), a master regulator of cellular redox homeostasis, in GBM and non-tumor brain tissues. Next, we examined the influence of an inhibitor of TrxR1, auranofin (AF), alone or in combination with a prooxidant menadione (MEN), on growth of GBM cell lines, patient-derived GBM cells and normal human astrocytes. We detected considerable amount of TrxR1 in the majority of GBM tissues. Treatment with AF decreased viability of GBM cells and their potential to form colonies and neurospheres. Moreover, it increased the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pre-treatment with ROS scavenger prevented the AF-induced cell death, pointing to the important role of ROS in the reduction of cell viability. The cytotoxic effect of AF was potentiated by treatment with MEN. In conclusion, our results identify TrxR1 as an attractive drug target and highlights AF as an off-patent drug candidate in GBM therapy.
The Sperm Small RNA Transcriptome: Implications beyond Reproductive Disorder
Authors: Chan Sze Yan , Wan Crystal Wing Tung , Law Tin Yu Samuel , Chan David Yiu Leung , Fok Ellis Kin Lam
Published: December 2022

Apart from the paternal half of the genetic material, the male gamete carries assorted epigenetic marks for optimal fertilization and the developmental trajectory for the early embryo. Recent works showed dynamic changes in small noncoding RNA (sncRNA) in spermatozoa as they transit through the testicular environment to the epididymal segments. Studies demonstrated the changes to be mediated by epididymosomes during the transit through the adluminal duct in the epididymis, and the changes in sperm sncRNA content stemmed from environmental insults significantly altering the early embryo development and predisposing the offspring to metabolic disorders. Here, we review the current knowledge on the establishment of the sperm sncRNA transcriptome and their role in male-factor infertility, evidence of altered offspring health in response to the paternal life experiences through sperm sncRNA species and, finally, their implications in assisted reproductive technology in terms of epigenetic inheritance.
Genome-Wide Characterization and Function Analysis of ZmERD15 Genes’ Response to Saline Stress in Zea mays L.
Authors: Duan Huaming , Fu Qiankun , Lv Hong , Gao Aijun , Chen Xinyu , Yang Qingqing , Wang Yingge , Li Wanchen , Fu Fengling , Yu Haoqiang
Published: December 2022

Early responsive dehydration (ERD) genes can be rapidly induced by dehydration. ERD15 genes have been confirmed to regulate various stress responses in plants. However, the maize ERD15 members have not been characterized. In the present study, a total of five ZmERD15 genes were identified from the maize genome and named ZmERD15a, ZmERD15b, ZmERD15c, ZmERD15d, and ZmERD15e. Subsequently, their protein properties, gene structure and duplication, chromosomal location, cis-acting elements, subcellular localization, expression pattern, and over-expression in yeast were analyzed. The results showed that the ZmERD15 proteins were characterized by a similar size (113–159 aa) and contained a common domain structure, with PAM2 and adjacent PAE1 motifs followed by an acidic region. The ZmERD15 proteins exhibited a close phylogenetic relationship with OsERD15s from rice. Five ZmERD15 genes were distributed on maize chromosomes 2, 6, 7, and 9 and showed a different exon–intron organization and were expanded by duplication. Besides, the promoter region of the ZmERD15s contained abundant cis-acting elements that are known to be responsive to stress and hormones. Subcellular localization showed that ZmERD15b and ZmERD15c were localized in the nucleus. ZmERD15a and ZmERD15e were localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. ZmERD15d was localized in the nucleus and cell membrane. The results of the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that the expression of the ZmERD15 genes was regulated by PEG, salinity, and ABA. The heterologous expression of ZmERD15a, ZmERD15b, ZmERD15c, and ZmERD15d significantly enhanced salt tolerance in yeast. In summary, a comprehensive analysis of ZmERD15s was conducted in the study. The results will provide insights into further dissecting the biological function and molecular mechanism of ZmERD15s regulating of the stress response in maize.
Detection and Characterization of Nodularin by Using Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopic Techniques
Authors: Brezeștean Ioana Andreea , Gherman Ana Maria Raluca , Colniță Alia , Dina Nicoleta Elena , Müller Molnár Csilla , Marconi Daniel , Chiș Vasile , David Ioan-Leontin , Cîntă-Pînzaru Simona
Published: December 2022

Nodularin (NOD) is a potent toxin produced by Nodularia spumigena cyanobacteria. Usually, NOD co-exists with other microcystins in environmental waters, a class of cyanotoxins secreted by certain cyanobacteria species, which makes identification difficult in the case of mixed toxins. Herein we report a complete theoretical DFT-vibrational Raman characterization of NOD along with the experimental drop-coating deposition Raman (DCDR) technique. In addition, we used the vibrational characterization to probe SERS analysis of NOD using colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), commercial nanopatterned substrates with periodic inverted pyramids (KlariteTM substrate), hydrophobic Tienta® SpecTrimTM slides, and in-house fabricated periodic nanotrenches by nanoimprint lithography (NIL). The 532 nm excitation source provided more well-defined bands even at LOD levels, as well as the best performance in terms of SERS intensity. This was reflected by the results obtained with the KlariteTM substrate and the silver-based colloidal system, which were the most promising detection approaches, providing the lowest limits of detection. A detection limit of 8.4 × 10−8 M was achieved for NOD in solution by using AgNPs. Theoretical computation of the complex vibrational modes of NOD was used for the first time to unambiguously assign all the specific vibrational Raman bands.
The J Domain of Sacsin Disrupts Intermediate Filament Assembly
Authors: Dabbaghizadeh Afrooz , Paré Alexandre , Cheng-Boivin Zacharie , Dagher Robin , Minotti Sandra , Dicaire Marie-Josée , Brais Bernard , Young Jason C. , Durham Heather D. , Gentil Benoit J.
Published: December 2022

Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia of the Charlevoix Saguenay (ARSACS) is caused by mutation in the SACS gene resulting in loss of function of the protein sacsin. A key feature is the formation of abnormal bundles of neurofilaments (NF) in neurons and vimentin intermediate filaments (IF) in cultured fibroblasts, suggesting a role of sacsin in IF homeostasis. Sacsin contains a J domain (SacsJ) homologous to Hsp40, that can interact with Hsp70 chaperones. The SacsJ domain resolved NF bundles in cultured Sacs−/− neurons. Having studied the mechanism using NF assembled in vitro from purified NF proteins, we report that the SacsJ domain interacts with NF proteins to disassemble NFL filaments, and to inhibit their initial assembly. A cell-penetrating peptide derived from this domain, SacsJ-myc-TAT was efficient in disassembling NF bundles in cultured Sacs−/− motor neurons, restoring the NF network; however, there was some loss of vimentin IF and NF in cultured Sacs+/+ fibroblasts and motor neurons, respectively. These results suggest that sacsin through its SacsJ domain is a key regulator of NF and vimentin IF networks in cells.
Molten-State Dielectrophoretic Alignment of EVA/BaTiO3 Thermoplastic Composites: Enhancement of Piezo-Smart Sensor for Medical Application
Authors: Zahhaf Omar , D’Ambrogio Giulia , Giunta Angela , Le Minh-Quyen , Rival Guilhem , Cottinet Pierre-Jean , Capsal Jean-Fabien
Published: December 2022

Dielectrophoresis has recently been used for developing high performance elastomer-based structured piezoelectric composites. However, no study has yet focused on the development of aligned thermoplastic-based piezocomposites. In this work, highly anisotropic thermoplastic composites, with high piezoelectric sensitivity, are created. Molten-state dielectrophoresis is introduced as an effective manufacturing pathway for the obtaining of an aligned filler structure within a thermoplastic matrix. For this study, Poly(Ethylene-co Vinyl Acetate) (EVA), revealed as a biocompatible polymeric matrix, was combined with barium titanate (BaTiO3) filler, well-known as a lead-free piezoelectric material. The phase inversion method was used to obtain an optimal dispersion of the BaTiO3 within the EVA thermoplastic matrix. The effect of the processing parameters, such as the poling electric field and the filler content, were analyzed via dielectric spectroscopy, piezoelectric characterization, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal behavior of the matrix was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC). Thermoplastic-based structured composites have numerous appealing advantages, such as recyclability, enhanced piezoelectric activity, encapsulation properties, low manufacturing time, and being light weight, which make the developed composites of great novelty, paving the way for new applications in the medical field, such as integrated sensors adaptable to 3D printing technology.
Crosstalk between Methylation and ncRNAs in Breast Cancer: Therapeutic and Diagnostic Implications
Authors: Liu Yitong , Leng Ping , Liu Yan , Guo Jinlin , Zhou Hao
Published: December 2022

Breast cancer, as a highly heterogeneous malignant tumor, is one of the primary causes of death among females worldwide. The etiology of breast cancer involves aberrant epigenetic mechanisms and abnormal expression of certain non-coding RNA (ncRNAs). DNA methylation, N6-methyladenosine(m6A), and histone methylation are widely explored epigenetic regulation types in breast cancer. ncRNAs are a group of unique RNA transcripts, mainly including microRNA (miRNAs), long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs), circular RNA (circRNAs), small interfering RNA (siRNAs), piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs), etc. Different types of methylation and ncRNAs mutually regulate and interact to form intricate networks to mediate precisely breast cancer genesis. In this review, we elaborate on the crosstalk between major methylation modifications and ncRNAs and discuss the role of their interaction in promoting breast cancer oncogenesis. This review can provide novel insights into establishing a new diagnostic marker system on methylation patterns of ncRNAs and therapeutic perspectives of combining ncRNA oligonucleotides and phytochemical drugs for breast cancer therapy.
The Antennal Sensory Structures of Female Anagyrus vladimiri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
Authors: Sevarika Milos , Giannotti Paolo , Lucchi Andrea , Romani Roberto
Published: December 2022

The Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera) encompasses a large group of parasitic wasps widely used in biocontrol programs of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Anagyrus vladimiri is a solitary parasitoid that attacks and develops on several mealybugs of economic importance. Thus, this species is widely used as a biocontrol agent of Planococcus spp. and Pseudococcus spp. A. vladimiri males and females show sexual dimorphism with regard to the antennal organization, in terms of shape and the development of antennomeres. Ultrastructural investigations of female antennae, carried out with scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, revealed the presence of nine distinct antennomeres. The scape was enlarged and paddle-like, compared to the other antennomeres. The club (the apical antennomere) was mono-segmented and housed the highest number of sensilla. Eight morphologically different types of sensilla were described; sensilla trichoidea I, trichoidea II, chaetica I, chaetica II, grooved peg sensilla, campaniform sensilla, multiporous plate sensilla and multiporous basiconic sensilla. Ultrastructural investigations allowed for us to assign a specific function to each type of sensilla. The most abundant type of sensilla were sensilla trichoidea I and multiporous plate sensilla. We also found two types of sensilla (multiporous basiconic sensilla and sensilla chaetica II) that were present only on the females.
Performance of Fall Armyworm Preimaginal Development on Cultivars of Tropical Grass Forages
Authors: dos Santos Marcos V. C. , Nascimento Priscilla T. , Simeone Maria L. , Lima Patrick F. , Simeão Rosangela M. , Auad Alexander , Oliveira Ivênio , Mendes Simone
Published: December 2022

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest species capable of feeding on almost all forage and grain crops, although the food quality for the larvae likely varies among plant species and cultivars. The cultivation of grass forage species with grains has increasingly been adopted in Brazil, within both no-tillage and crop–livestock integration systems. In this study, we evaluated the performance of S. frugiperda larvae on 14 forage cultivars of Brachiaria, Panicum, and Cynodon, which are widely used in integrated cropping systems in Brazil. The biological performance of S. frugiperda varied among the cultivars. The larval survival rates were lower on Panicum maximum ‘Massai’ and P. maximum ‘Tamani’ cultivars. The insects had the highest performance indexes on Brachiaria brizantha ‘Paiaguás’, B. brizantha ‘Marandu’, and B. brizantha ‘Xaraés’ cultivars, followed by Brachiaria ruziziensis, previously proposed as a standard grass forage for comparisons with other species. On P. maximum, the insect had the lowest performance indexes, with values equal to zero when feeding on the P. maximum ‘Massai’ and ‘Tamani’ cultivars. These results will help make management decisions when cultivating grass forage plants in crop production systems in which S. frugiperda infestation is of concern.
Cereal Aphid Parasitoids in Europe (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae): Taxonomy, Biodiversity, and Ecology
Authors: Tomanović Željko , Kavallieratos Nickolas G. , Ye Zhengpei , Nika Erifili P. , Petrović Andjeljko , Vollhardt Ines M. G. , Vorburger Christoph
Published: December 2022

Cereals are very common and widespread crops in Europe. Aphids are a diverse group of herbivorous pests on cereals and one of the most important limiting factors of cereal production. Here, we present an overview of knowledge about the taxonomy, biodiversity, and ecology of cereal aphid parasitoids in Europe, an important group of natural enemies contributing to cereal aphid control. We review the knowledge obtained from the integrative taxonomy of 26 cereal aphid primary parasitoid species, including two allochthonous species (Lysiphlebus testaceipes and Trioxys sunnysidensis) and two recently described species (Lipolexis labialis and Paralipsis brachycaudi). We further review 28 hyperparasitoid species belonging to three hymenopteran superfamilies and four families (Ceraphronoidea: Megaspillidae; Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae, Encyrtidae; Cynipoidea: Figitidae). We also compile knowledge on the presence of secondary endosymbionts in cereal aphids, as these are expected to influence the community composition and biocontrol efficiency of cereal aphid parasitoids. To study aphid–parasitoid–hyperparasitoid food webs more effectively, we present two kinds of DNA-based approach: (i) diagnostic PCR (mainly multiplex PCR), and (ii) DNA sequence-based methods. Finally, we also review the effects of landscape complexity on the different trophic levels in the food webs of cereal aphids and their associated parasitoids, as well as the impacts of agricultural practices and environmental variation.
Loneliness in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Neglected Factor in Accelerated Aging?
Authors: Palmer Barton W. , Hussain Mariam A. , Lohr James B.
Published: December 2022

Prior research suggests that people with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) may experience a form of accelerated biological aging. In other populations, loneliness has been shown to elevate risk for many of the same components of accelerated biological aging, and other deleterious outcomes, as seen in people with PTSD. Although standard diagnostic criteria for PTSD include “feelings of detachment or estrangement from others”, the relationship of such feelings to the concept of loneliness remains uncertain, in par potentially due to a failure to distinguish between loneliness versus objective social isolation. In order to catalyze wider research attention to loneliness in PTSD, and the potential contribution to accelerated biological aging, the present paper provides three components: (1) a conceptual overview of the relevant constructs and potential interrelationships, (2) a review of the limited extant empirical literature, and (3) suggested directions for future research. The existing empirical literature is too small to support many definitive conclusions, but there is evidence of an association between loneliness and symptoms of PTSD. The nature of this association may be complex, and the causal direction(s) uncertain. Guided by the conceptual overview and review of existing literature, we also highlight key areas for further research. The ultimate goal of this line of work is to elucidate mechanisms underlying any link between loneliness and accelerated aging in PTSD, and to develop, validate, and refine prevention and treatment efforts.
Association between Psychological Suffering and Suicidal Thinking in Patients with Urologic Cancer Using Real-World Data
Authors: Lee Kounseok , Jung Gyoohwan , Choi Na Yeon , Kim Sunhae , Jo Jung Ki
Published: December 2022

Cancer is a leading cause of death in Korea, and depression and suicide are major psychiatric problems in cancer patients. This study aimed to explore the correlation between anxiety, depression, social support, cancer state, and suicidality among urologic cancer patients. Sixty patients with urologic cancer were admitted to a university hospital between October 2019 and February 2020. The patients were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, Suicidality module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and the Lubben Social Network scales (LSNS). To determine which psychological or demographic factors affected suicide risk, Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, regression, and logistic regression were conducted. It was found that the greater the depressive symptoms, the higher the suicidal risk (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.08–1.61). Furthermore, anxiety symptoms and the duration of cancer after diagnosis significantly increased depressive symptoms (p = 0.032). Clinicians should be able to identify the risk factors for suicide in patients with cancer, one of which is depression. To assess the risk of suicide, we must evaluate not only depressive symptoms but also the related anxiety and duration of the disease. Prevention and intervention efforts are needed to improve depressive moods and anxiety after cancer diagnosis.
Characteristics of a Danish Post-COVID Cohort Referred for Examination due to Persistent Symptoms Six Months after Mild Acute COVID-19
Authors: Agergaard Jane , Ullahammer William M. , Gunst Jesper D. , Østergaard Lars , Schiøttz-Christensen Berit
Published: December 2022

Background: Post-COVID Clinics were recommended for patients with persistent symptoms following COVID-19, but no specific tests were suggested for evaluation. This study aimed to present a post-COVID clinic patient cohort and evaluate the use of a post-COVID symptom questionnaire (PCQ) score. Methods: Patients were referred from a population of approximately 1 million citizens. PCQ and standardized health scales were registered. Descriptive analyses were performed to assess the prevalence of symptoms, and correlation analyses was undertaken to asses convergent and discriminant trends between PCQ scores and health scales. Results: Of 547 patients, 447 accepted inclusion. The median age was 47 years and 12% of the patients were hospitalized. At a median of 6.3 (IQR 4.4–9.9) months after the onset of symptoms, 82% of the patients reported both physical exhaustion and concentration difficulties. Functional disability and extreme fatigue were reported as moderate to severe by 33% and 62% of the patients, respectively. The PCQ score correlated significantly with each of the standardized health scales. Conclusion: Patients referred to a Post-COVID Clinic were previously generally healthy. At the time of diagnosis, they reported multiple symptoms with severely affected health. The PCQ score could be used as valid measure of Post-COVID severity.
Resection of Infrapatellar Fat Pad during Total Knee Arthroplasty Has No Impact on Postoperative Function, Pain and Sonographic Appearance of Patellar Tendon
Authors: Michalak Sławomir , Łapaj Łukasz , Witkowska-Łuczak Arleta , Chodór Paweł , Zabrzyński Jan , Kruczyński Jacek
Published: December 2022

Routine resection of the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is controversial, as it may result in shortening of the patellar tendon (PT) and anterior knee pain. This prospective study examined whether IFP excision during TKA affects joint function, anterior knee pain, PT dimensions and sonographic structure. A total of 65 consecutive patients undergoing TKA for osteoarthritis were randomized into two groups: IFP was resected in one and retained in the other. Patients were examined preoperatively, at 6 weeks and 6 months postoperatively: pain (Numerical Rating Scale—NRS), range of motion (ROM) and knee function (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score—KOOS score) were evaluated; sonographic examination determined the length, structure and vascularity of the PTs. In both groups there were postoperative improvements in NRS and KOOS scores, although IFP resection did not influence clinical outcomes or sonographic parameters. At 6 weeks and 6 months postoperatively for both groups there were no differences between NRS scores (Mann–Whitney test, p = 0.511 and p = 0.579), ROM scores (Mann–Whitney test, p = 0.331, p = 0.180) or all KOOS subscores. IFP excision had no effect on sonographic parameters. This study suggests that IFP resection during TKA does not influence postoperative functional outcomes, pain scores, patellar tendon length and thickness, or sonographic structure.
Differential Recovery Patterns of the Maxilla and Mandible after Eliminating Nasal Obstruction in Growing Rats
Authors: Keitoku Mirei , Yonemitsu Ikuo , Ikeda Yuhei , Tang Huan , Ono Takashi
Published: December 2022

Although nasal obstruction (NO) during growth causes maxillofacial growth suppression, it remains unclear whether eliminating the NO affects maxillary and mandibular growth differentially. We aimed to clarify whether eliminating NO can help regain normal maxillofacial growth and to determine the optimal intervention timing. Forty-two 4-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. Their left nostril was sutured to simulate NO over different durations in the experimental groups; the sutures were later removed to resume nasal breathing. Maxillofacial morphology was assessed using microcomputed tomography. Immunohistochemical changes in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) of the condylar cartilage were evaluated to reveal the underlying mechanisms of these changes. Maxillary length was significantly lower in rats with NO for ≥5 weeks. In groups with NO for ≥7 weeks, the posterior mandibular length, ramus height, thickness of the hypertrophic cell layer in the condylar cartilage, HIF-1α levels, and RANKL levels were significantly lower and OPG levels and RANKL/OPG were significantly higher than those in the control group. Our findings suggest that eliminating NO is effective in regaining maxillofacial growth. Moreover, the optimal timing of intervention differed between the maxilla and mandible.
COVID-19 and Sickle Cell Disease in the Province of Quebec, Canada: Outcomes after Two Years of the Pandemic
Authors: Castonguay Mathias , Dakhallah Nawar , Desroches Justin , Colaiacovo Marie-Laure , Jimenez-Cortes Camille , Claveau Anne-Marie , Bérubé Samuel , Hafsaoui Amer Yassine , Souza Amalia , Tibout Pauline , Ah-Yan Christophe , Vincent Anne-Marie , Naessens Veronique , Brossard Josée , Abish Sharon , Santiago Raoul , Soulières Denis , Laroche Vincent , Pastore Yves , Tran Thai Hoa , Forté Stéphanie
Published: December 2022

Background: Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are considered at higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection. However, morbidity and mortality rates are variable among countries. To date, there are no published reports that document outcomes of SCD patients with COVID-19 in Canada. Methods: A web-based registry was implemented in June 2020 capturing outcomes of SCD patients with COVID-19 from March 2020 to April 2022 and comparing them to the general population of Quebec, Canada. Results: After 24 months of the pandemic, 185 SCD patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the registry. Overall, the population was young (median age 12 years old) and had few comorbidities. No deaths were reported. Risk of hospitalization and admission to intensive care unit (ICU) because of COVID-19 was higher in patients with SCD than in the general population (relative risks (RR) 5.15 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 3.84–6.91), p ˂ 0.001 and 4.56 (95% CI 2.09–9.93) p ˂ 0.001). A history of arterial hypertension or acute chest syndrome in the past 12 months was associated with a higher risk of severe disease (RR = 3.06 (95% CI 1.85–5.06) p = 0.008 and 2.27 (95% CI 1.35–3.83) p = 0.01). Hospitalized patients had lower hemoglobin F than non-hospitalized patients (12% vs. 17%, p = 0.02). For those who had access to vaccination at the time of infection, 25 out of 26 patients were adequately vaccinated and had mild disease. Conclusions: The SCD population is at higher risk of severe disease than the general population. However, we report favorable outcomes as no deaths occurred. Registries will continue to be critical to document the impact of novel COVID-19 specific therapy and vaccines for the SCD population.
The Effect of Losartan on Neuroinflammation as Well as on Endothelin-1- and Serotonin-Induced Vasoconstriction in a Double-Haemorrhage Rat Model
Authors: Konczalla Jürgen , Mrosek Jan , Kashefiolasl Sepide , Musahl Christian , Marbacher Serge , Schubert Gerrit Alexander , Andereggen Lukas , Wanderer Stefan
Published: December 2022

Poor patient outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is due to a multifactorial process. Delayed cerebral vasospasm, ischemic neurological deficits, and infarction are the most feared acute sequelae triggered by enhanced synthesis of serotonin and endothelin-1 (ET-1). During the past decades, multiple drugs have been analysed for protective effects without resounding success. Therefore, the authors wanted to analyse the potential beneficial role of Losartan (LOS). Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomised into either a group receiving two injections of blood into the cisterna magna (SAH group) or a group receiving two injections of isotonic sodium chloride (sham group). The animals were culled on day five and basilar artery ring segments were used for in vitro tension studies. Sarafotoxin S6c caused a dose-dependent vasorelaxation in sham and SAH segments, which was more pronounced in sham segments. LOS, applied in a concentration of 10−3 M, was able to significantly reduce serotonin- (p < 0.01) and ET-1- (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) mediated vasoconstriction in sham segments. These findings, along with the well-known beneficial effects of LOS on restoring the impaired endothelin-B1-receptor function after SAH, as well as on the neuroprotectional and antiepileptogenic aspects, might be implemented in advancing tailored concepts to sufficiently ameliorate patients’ functional outcome after SAH.