bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two Deaths at Whittier State School: The Meanings of Youth Suicide, 1939–1940
Authors: Jones Kathleen W.
Published: October 2015

The stories told about the deaths of two Mexican American juvenile delinquents at California’s Whittier State School in 1939 and 1940 illustrate the contested nature of youth suicide at mid-century, particularly when the victims were young people marginalized by class and race identities and stigmatized by association with a penal institution. The struggle to control the memory of Benny Moreno and Edward Leiva, recorded in four official investigations and extensive news coverage, pitted professional, psychiatric expertise (that viewed both suicide and delinquency as evidence of psychopathology) against a populist understanding of family and community that framed self-inflicted deaths as evidence disempowerment (rational, if tragic, responses to experiences in the reformatory). Each group of suicide “survivors” constructed an explanation of delinquent suicide grounded in competing views of the function of the institution and the age and race of the victims. The story highlights the need to incorporate perceptions of place and identity when examining the history of self-inflicted deaths.
Exploring “Non-Western Democracy”
Authors: Youngs Richard
Published: October 2015

Calls for non-Western forms of democracy are becoming louder and more ubiquitous. More needs to be done to nurture a wider variation in democratic processes and practices. Forms of democracy that differ from prevailing Western norms should be encouraged rather than simply dismissed as a cloak for illiberalism or authoritarianism. However, it is highly questionable that a wholesale non-Western variety of democracy exists. Indeed, the calls for non-Western democracy suffer from some major problems. Rather than a binary competition between ‘Western’ and ‘non-Western’ democracy, joint experimentation is needed between different regions of the world to advance democratic renewal.
A New Militarism in Latin America
Authors: Diamint Rut
Published: October 2015

The role of the military remains a puzzle and a problem for Latin America’s democracies. Although public and scholarly attention may have wandered, the truth is that no country in the region has established full civilian control over its military institutions. And now we are witnessing the appearance of new forms of military power that make it doubtful whether the traditional understanding of civil-military relations still applies to Latin America.
Authoritarianism Goes Global (II): The Leninist Roots of Civil Society Repression
Authors: Applebaum Anne
Published: October 2015

Abstract: In the early part of the twentieth century, the small group of revolutionaries who became the Russian Bolsheviks developed an alternative theory of civil society. Burke, Tocqueville, and even Russian intellectuals believed that civil society was fundamental to democracy; Lenin believed that the destruction of civil society was crucial to totalitarian dictatorship. But by attempting to control every aspect of society, totalitarian regimes would eventually turn every aspect of society into a potential source of dissent, as in the cases of Czechoslovakia and Poland. Yet in many other societies heavily influenced by Soviet ideology—those in Belarus, Central Asia, China, Cuba, parts of Africa, and much of the Arab world—those in power remain attached to the old Bolshevik idea that independent civic institutions are a threat to the state.
Marino Ortolani: “Does That Baby’s Hip Go Click?”
Authors: Stecco Carla , Porzionato Andrea , Macchi Veronica , Fantoni Ilaria , Ortolani Luca , De Caro Raffaele
Published: October 2015

Marino Ortolani (1904–1983), a pediatrician from Ferrara, in northeastern Italy, was an outstanding pioneer in the early diagnosis and treatment of hip dysplasia. In 1935, while examining hip abduction-adduction in a six-month-old baby, Ortolani noted that a clearly audible and palpable “click” was sufficient to reveal congenital pre-dislocation of the hip, a condition he confirmed by an X-ray of the pelvis. This discovery suggested that the sound alone could be used for early diagnosis and treatment of the condition. Ortolani’s test is now a widespread diagnostic technique, described in all pediatric and orthopedic textbooks. To confirm his conjecture, Ortolani dissected many hip specimens in very young babies who had died of unrelated causes. He also collected excellent specimens of congenital hip pathology in fetuses at all stages of intrauterine development, proving that hip dysplasia may already occur in utero. After his death, his entire collection was donated to the Institute of Anatomy of the University of Padua, where it is now exhibited in a special showcase. This collection, very impressive for both the number and high anatomical quality of its specimens, is famous worldwide because it demonstrates the etiopathology of hip dysplasia so clearly.
The Perfect Storm: Preterm Birth, Neurodevelopmental Mechanisms, and Autism Causation
Authors: Erdei Carmina , Dammann Olaf
Published: October 2015

A unifying model of autism causation remains elusive, and thus well-designed explanatory models are needed to develop appropriate therapeutic and preventive interventions. This essay argues that autism is not a static disorder, but rather an ongoing process. We discuss the link between preterm birth and autism and briefly review the evidence supporting the link between immune system characteristics and both prematurity and autism. We then propose a causation process model of autism etiology and pathogenesis, in which both neurodevelopment and ongoing/prolonged neuroinflammation are necessary pathogenetic component mechanisms. We suggest that an existing model of sufficient cause and component causes can be interpreted as a mechanistic view of etiology and pathogenesis and can serve as an explanatory model for autism causal pathways.
In Praise of Richard Asher (1912–1969)
Authors: O’Mahony Seamus
Published: October 2015

This essay aims to stimulate a reawakening of interest in the writings of the physician Richard Asher (1912–1969), who is now best known for coining the term “Munchausen’s syndrome.” Asher’s essays are as relevant now as when first published. His articles were a model of clarity, wit and elegance: he argued consistently for precision in thought and expression, for logic in clinical thinking, and for evidence in treatment.
Performativity and the Art of Tai Chi: Understanding the Body as Transformative
Authors: Finlayson Caitlin C.
Published: October 2015

El arte del Tai Chi se puede examinar como una práctica espiritual así como una forma de ejercicio meditativo; al hacer Tai Chi, la práctica corporal es transformadora. Este trabajo añade a la reciente investigación reciente sobre la geografía de la religión y examina individuales experiencias corporales del espacio sagrado a través de una investigación empírica cualitativa de la rama de la sociedad Taoista Tai Chi de Tallahasee. Las entrevistas con sus miembros reflejan que la conciencia del cuerpo se transforma a través de la práctica de Tai Chi y que el conocimiento del cuerpo es algo separado de uno mismo, y por lo tanto algo que es capaz de transformarse. La práctica del Tai Chi presenta evidencia de la importancia de examinar la relación física del cuerpo con lo espiritual, reflejando la noción de Eliade de la concepción hierofánica del espacio sagrado. La ejecución del Tai Chi desencadena un evento transformador hierofánico con el cuerpo en el centro de la experiencia espiritual.
Das Symbolische, das Imaginäre und das Reale
Authors: Wörler Frank
Published: October 2015

Die Begriffe »symbolisch«, »imaginär« und »real« tauchen in verschiedenen Wissenschaftsfeldern auf. Immer dort, wo sie triadisch konzeptualisiert sind, gehen sie auf den psychoanalytischen Entwurf von Jacques Lacan zurück. Doch hat dieser die transdisziplinäre Verwendung seiner drei Ordnungen überhaupt angedacht? Da dieser Punkt ungeklärt bleiben muss, recherchiert Frank Wörler im Diskursumfeld des Psychoanalytikers und rekonstruiert so die drei Ordnungen auf einer breiteren begrifflichen Basis. Dabei werden nicht nur die meist angeführten Inspirationsquellen Lacans - wie Uexküll, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty und Lévi-Strauss - in Betracht gezogen, sondern mit Rückgriffen auf Franz Brentano, Cassirer und einer Einführung in die Epistemologie Émile Meyersons auch neue Referenzen erschlossen. Die so rekontextualisierte Trias mag einem besseren Verständnis der Lacan'schen Lehre dienen, sie verlässt aber auch den psychoanalytischen Rahmen: In Diskussion mit Peirce weist Wörler abschließend die lebensweltliche wie wissenschaftstheoretische Tauglichkeit der drei Ordnungen als epistemologisches Modell auf.
Las buenas prácticas en gestión de la investigación de las universidades mejores situadas en los rankings
Authors: Tomàs Folch Marina , Mentado Labao Trinidad , Ruíz Ruíz Jose María
Published: October 2015

El artículo presenta algunos resultados de la investigación (EDU2011-26437) cuya finalidad es averiguar la relación entre todo aquello que envuelve la investigación en la universidad (gestión, promoción, visibilidad, etc.) y el puesto que dicha universidad tiene en los rankings internacionales más reconocidos. En concreto, se presentan en este artículo las buenas prácticas de gobierno y gestión de las universidades en relación a la investigación. Se tomaron las cinco universidades españolas mejor situadas en los rankings internacionales entre  los años 2003 y 2013 y se averiguó cómo se concibe la investigación. Se ha entrevistado a 43 personas vinculadas con la gestión de la investigación de forma general y del equipo rectoral, investigadores de reconocido prestigio y miembros de los equipos de investigación. El análisis cualitativo de la información mediante MAXQDA nos conduce a las siguientes conclusiones. Las universidades mejores posicionadas en los rankings ejecutan buenas prácticas tales como el apoyo institucional a la investigación en forma de estructuras cuya finalidad es promover la investigación y cuentan con abundantes becarios/as, con redes de transferencia, con sistemas de apoyo a la publicación, a la presentación de proyectos y a la visibilización de los resultados exitosos.
Think tanks y educación. Neoliberalismo de FAES en la LOMCE
Authors: Saura Geo
Published: October 2015

El artículo focaliza la atención en las narrativas del think tank neoliberal Fundación para el Análisis de los Estudios Sociales (FAES) del Partido Popular (PP). Este think tank neoliberal es uno de los principales grupos de actores que han argumentado en las últimas dos décadas la lógica deconstructiva del sistema público de bienestar español en defensa de las políticas neoliberales. El análisis se realiza sobre el campo de la política educativa, con el propósito de estudiar los discursos neoliberales del think tank, y su desarrollo en la nueva ley educativa (LOMCE). El texto es dividido en cuatro secciones. El apartado introductorio, desde una dimensión teórica, sintetiza las diferentes perspectivas de análisis del neoliberalismo y de los procesos de privatización endógena y exógena en los sistemas educativos públicos. El segundo apartado consta de una revisión teórica de los think tanks como nuevos actores de influencia en el diseño e implementación de las políticas neoliberales en los sistemas públicos. El tercer apartado, mediante un análisis socio-histórico, examina cómo en las diversas reformas educativas desde la entrada en la democracia española, independientemente del signo ideológico, han ido incorporando mecanismos de privatización encubierta en la educación pública. El último apartado expone cómo los discursos de FAES, extraídos de la web de la fundación, artículos, libros y vídeos de los participantes de este think tank han sido utilizados para introducir diversos mecanismos de privatización encubierta en el sistema educativo español, y su puesta en marcha se consolidan en la actual reforma educativa (LOMCE).
Feasibility Of Making Concrete Using Lignite Coal Bottom Ash As Fine Aggregate
Authors: Thandavamoorthy T. S.
Published: October 2015

Concrete is generally produced using materials such as crushed stone and river sand to the extent of about 80-90% combined with cement and water. These materials are quarried from natural sources. Their depletion will cause strain on the environment. To prevent this, bottom ash produced at thermal power plants by burning of coal has been utilized in this investigation into making concrete. The experimental investigation presents the development of concrete containing lignite coal bottom ash as fine aggregate in various percentages of 25, 50, and 100. Compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength as part of mechanical properties; acid, sulphate attack, and sustainability under elevated temperature as part of durability properties, were determined. These properties were compared with that of normal concrete. It was concluded from this investigation that bottom ash to an extent of 25% can be substituted in place of river sand in the production of concrete.
Buckling Of The Stiffened Flange Of The Thin-Walled Member At Longitudinal Stress Variation
Authors: Szychowski A.
Published: October 2015

Buckling of the stiffened flange of a thin-walled member is reduced to the buckling analysis of the cantilever plate, elastically restrained against rotation, with the free edge stiffener, which is susceptible to deflection. Longitudinal stress variation is taken into account using a linear function and a 2nd degree parabola. Deflection functions for the plate and the stiffener, adopted in the study, made it possible to model boundary conditions and different buckling modes at the occurrence of longitudinal stress variation. Graphs of buckling coefficients are determined for different load distributions as a function of the elastic restraint coefficient and geometric details of the stiffener. Exemplary buckling modes are presented.
Similar Motor Cortical Control Mechanisms for Precise Limb Control during Reaching and Locomotion
Authors: Yakovenko Sergiy , Drew Trevor
Published: October 2015

Throughout the course of evolution there has been a parallel development of the complexity and flexibility of the nervous system and the skeletomuscular system that it controls. This development is particularly evident for the cerebral cortical areas and the transformation of the use of the upper limbs from a purely locomotor function to one including, or restricted to, reaching and grasping. This study addresses the issue of whether the control of reaching has involved the development of new cortical circuits or whether the same neurons are used to control both locomotion and reaching. We recorded the activity of pyramidal tract neurons in the motor cortex of the cat both during voluntary gait modifications and during reaching. All cells showed generally similar patterns of activity in both tasks. More specifically, we showed that, in many cases, cells maintained a constant temporal relationship to the activity of synergistic muscle groups in each task. In addition, in some cells the relationship between the intensity of the cell discharge activity and the magnitude of the EMG activity was equally constant during gait modifications and reaching. As such, the results are compatible with the hypothesis that the corticospinal circuits used to control reaching evolved from those used to precisely modify gait.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn an article in 1989, Georgopoulos and Grillner (1989) proposed that the corticospinal control mechanisms used for reaching movements in primates may have evolved from those used to control precise modifications of gait during quadrupedal locomotion. In this article, we provide a test of this hypothesis by recording the activity of individual motor cortical cells during both behaviors. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis in that they demonstrate that individual cortical neurons exhibit similar qualitative and quantitative patterns during each behavior. Beyond a general similarity of activity patterns, we show that some cortical cells have the same relative relationship, in both phase and magnitude, to the muscle activity observed in both reach and locomotor tasks.
Mediastinal Myxoid Liposarcoma with Intrapericardial Involvement and Large Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Endara Santiago Adolfo , Davalos Gerardo Augusto , Vinueza Ana Lucia , Montalvo Nelson , Duran Patricia Graciela , Barzallo David Esteban
Published: October 2015

Liposarcoma is the name given to a group of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) with adipocytic differentiation. As a group, liposarcomas are the second most common STSs in adults. In 1951 Kozonis et al published that in the English language only four cases of liposarcomas originating in the mediastinum had been described. Primary mediastinal liposarcoma is an uncommon neoplasm of intrathoracic origin. We present the case of a 47-year-old woman diagnosed with a large mediastinal mass with intrapericardial invasion and massive pericardial effusion; biopsies showed a mediastinal liposarcoma.
A Probable Life-Saving Switch from Apixaban to Phenprocoumon
Authors: Stöllberger Claudia , Finsterer Josef
Published: October 2015

The direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban are increasingly prescribed in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, although dosage in elderly patients, safety in chronic kidney disease, food- and drug-interactions, laboratory tests for monitoring, and antidote are not clarified. In a 78-year-old man with an acute stroke, paroxysmal AF and sick-sinus-syndrome were detected as he received a DDD-pacemaker and 5 mg apixaban/bid. He had a history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, lumbar discopathy, and nephropathy. Renal function deteriorated after 2 months, and apixaban was changed to phenprocoumon. Three months later, he suffered from abdominal pain and hemorrhagic shock due to rupture of an infrarenal aortic aneurysm. After reversal of the anticoagulation with prothrombin-complex concentrate, a stent-graft with exclusion of the aneurysm was implanted. Switching from apixaban to phenprocoumon was probably life-saving. Vitamin-K-antagonists should be preferred to DOAC in patients with AF and vascular disease.
An Epicardial Mesothelial Cyst Attached to the Ascending Aorta
Authors: Suenaga Yoshihito , Abe Tomonobu , Mutsuga Masato , Araki Yoshimori , Usu Akihiko
Published: October 2015

An epicardial mesothelial cyst, which can be defined as a mesothelial cyst attached to the epicardium surrounding the heart and the great vessels inside the pericardial sac, is a rare condition. We herein report a case of epicardial cyst, which was attached to the ascending aorta. The patient was a 76-year-old male who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery, and the cyst was found incidentally. It was approximately 5 cm in diameter, and histological examination confirmed mesothelial cell origin. The ascending aorta has not previously been reported as the origin of an epicardial mesothelial cyst. This case gives new insight into the embryology of these cysts
Biventricular Mural Endocarditis on the Intraventricular Septum
Authors: Mori Makoto , Hosoba Soh , Yoshimura Stephanie , Lattouf Omar
Published: October 2015

Mural endocarditis is an inflammation and disruption of the nonvalvular endocardial surface of the cardiac chambers. We present a rare case of mural endocarditis on the intraventricular (IV) septum on both the left and right ventricular side with intact valvular annulus. This case highlights the complexity of the operative and postoperative management in an unprecedented case of biventricular mural endocarditis.
A Case of Successful Treatment of Infective Endocarditis Complicated with Intracranial Hemorrhage, and Literature Review
Authors: Yong Xu , Weiliang Zheng , Yili Chen , Lili Zhao
Published: October 2015

The risks of neurological deteriorations during open heart surgery under heparinization in patients with infective endocarditis complicated by intracranial hemorrhage remain unknown. The optimal timing for heart surgery is still a point of conflict. We report a case in which a young man who had suffered from infective endocarditis complicated with intracranial hemorrhage successfully received mitral valve replacement on day 9 after the onset of intracranial hemorrhage.
The Gph–M.I.L.F. Agreement: human rights provisions and possible overlaps
Authors: Muhammadin Fajri Matahati
Published: October 2015

Abstract: The GPH – M.I.L.F. Agreement: Human Rights Provisions and Possible Overlaps. One of the challenges in ending non-international armed conflicts is to conclude a peace agreement that satisfies the need of both parties. A new approach to this is the human rights approach, which seeks to observe and promise to fulfil elements of human rights as terms of peace. The ongoing peace process in the Philippines between the Government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front is seeing positive progress, with its peace agreement provisions highly based upon human rights. However, there are potential problems in implementing these provisions, as well as overlaps with the pre-existing structure or even between the human rights provisions themselves. This essay will observe the problems and overlaps particularly on provisions related to the rights of religion and women, and how they can be addressed. Abstrak: Perjanjian GPH-MILF: Ketentuan Hak Asasi Manusia dan Kemungkinan Terjadinya Tumpang tindih. Salah satu tantangan dalam mengakhiri konflk non internasional adalah menyusun perjanjian damai yang memuaskan kedua belah pihak. Sebuah pendekatan baru dalam perjanjian damai adalah pendekatan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) yang mengamati dan berkomitmen memenuhi elemen-elemen HAM sebagai syarat dalam perjanjian damai. Proses perdamaian antara Pemerintah dan Moro Islamic Liberation Front yang masih berlangsung di Filipina saat ini memiliki kemajuan yang positif. Perjanjian-perjanjian yang sudah ditandatangani tampak jelas dilandasi oleh HAM. Akan tetapi tampak kemungkinan beberapa masalah implementasi serta kontradiksi antara ketentuan HAM dalam perjanjian damai dengan struktur yang telah ada, dan bahkan antar ketentuan HAM dalam perjanjian itu sendiri. Tulisan ini akan mengamati implementasi dan kontradiksi dalam perjanjian damai ini terutama terkait hak beragama dan hak wanita dan bagaimana permasalahan tersebut dapat diselesaikan. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v1i1.1449
Penerapan Hukum Jaminan Fidusia Dalam Kontrak Pembiayaan Syariah
Authors: Maksum Muhammad
Published: October 2015

Abstract: Application of the Contract Law of Fiduciary In Islamic Financing. Islamic finance products is almost entirely implement the guarantee. Such guarantees a careful effort as well in case when borrowers are unable to pay the debt. Customer financing at a conventional financial institution based debts so that the application of fiduciary can be applied. However, financing is not entirely based Islamic financial debts, but also based working capital and services. In the last two financing models did not reveal any debts in principle that the application of fiduciary can not fit the model of such financing. Guarantee letter (al-Rahn al-tasjili) is introduced in the form of a guarantee that Islam has similarities with fiduciary although not exactly the same. Abstrak: Penerapan Hukum Jaminan Fidusia Dalam Kontrak Pembiayaan Syariah. Produk-produk pembiayaan syariah hampir seluruhnya menerapkan jaminan. Jaminan tersebut sebagai upaya hati-hati sekaligus jaga-jaga tatkala nasabah peminjam tidak mampu membayar utang. Pembiayaan nasabah di lembaga keuangan konvensional berbasiskan utang-piutang sehingga penerapan jaminan fidusia dapat diterapkan. Akan tetapi, pembiayaan di keuangan syariah tidak seluruhnya berbasis utang-piutang, namun juga ada yang berbasis modal kerja dan jasa. Pada dua model pembiayaan terakhir tidak ditemukan adanya utang-piutang secara prinsip sehingga penerapan jaminan fidusia tidak bisa klop dengan model pembiayaan tersebut. Jaminan surat (al-rahn al-tasjili) adalahbentuk jaminan yang dikenalkan dalam Islam yang memiliki kemiripan dengan jaminan fidusia meskipun tidak sama persis.  DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.1837
Kewenangan Legislasi Dewan Perwakilan Daerah dalam Reformasi Kelembagaan Perwakilan Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi
Authors: Zada Khamami
Published: October 2015

Abstract: The authority of the Regional Representatives Council Legislation In Institutional Reform Legislative Following the Ruling of the Constitutional Court. The Constitutional Court's decision reflects the theoretical conception DPDformation which is intended to reform the structure of the Indonesian parliament into two chambers (bicameral) consisting of DPR and DPD. With the bicameral structure of the legislative process is expected to be held by a double-check system that allows the representation of the interests of all the people in relative terms can be dispensed with broader social base. Parliament is a reflection of political representation, while the Council reflects the principle of territorial or regional representation. DPD legislative authority is still limited. DPD does not have the authority to establish laws, although it can propose draft laws relating to regional autonomy.  Abstrak: Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi mencerminkan konsepsi teoritis pembentukan DPD yang dimaksudkan dalam rangka mereformasi struktur parlemen Indonesia menjadi dua kamar (bikameral) yang terdiri atas DPR dan DPD. Dengan struktur bikameral ini diharapkan proses legislasi dapat diselenggarakan berdasarkan sistem double-check yang memungkinkan representasi kepentingan seluruh rakyat secara relatif dapat disalurkan dengan basis sosial yang lebih luas. DPR merupakan cermin representasi politik (political representation), sedangkan DPD mencerminkan prinsip representasi teritorial atau regional (regional representation). Kewenangan legislasi DPD masih dibatasi DPD tidak memiliki kewenangan membentuk undang-undang dalam bentuk penetapan/pengesahan rancangan undang-undang, meskipun rancangan undang-undang yang berkaitan dengan otonomi daerah, hubungan pusat dan daerah, pembentukan dan pemekaran serta penggabungan daerah, pengelolaan sumber daya alam dan sumber daya ekonomi lainnya, serta yang berkaitan dengan perimbangan keuangan pusat dan daerah.   DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.1839
Konsep Pengakuan Bersalah Terdakwa Pada “Jalur Khusus” Menurut Ruu Kuhap dan Perbandingannya Dengan Praktek Plea Bargaining di Beberapa Negara
Authors: Maulana Aby
Published: October 2015

Abstract: Defendant Guilty In recognition of the concept of "Special Line" According to the Criminal Procedure Code bill and Comparison With Plea Bargaining Practice in Several Countries. The concept of "Jalur Khusus" is one of the criminal justice reform substances contained in the Draft of Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code. The concept of "Jalur Khusus" is the result of the adoption of the idea/concept of plea bargaining on practices that have been popularized in the United States criminal justice system, which may encourage criminal justice to be more efficient and can avoid stacking cases (case load) in court. This paper wants to explore comparisons between the theory and practice of "Jalur Khusus" in the Draft of Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code with the practice of plea bargaining are applied several countries.  Abstrak: Konsep Pengakuan Bersalah Terdakwa Pada “Jalur Khusus” Menurut RUU KUHAP dan Perbandingannya Dengan Praktek Plea Bargaining di Beberapa Negara. Konsep “Jalur Khusus” adalah salah satu substansi pembaruan peradilan pidana yang terkandung dalam RUU KUHAP. Konsep “Jalur Khusus” merupakan hasil pengadopsian ide/konsep atas praktek plea bargaining yang telah dipopulerkan dalam peradilan pidana Amerika Serikat, yang dipahami dapat mendorong peradilan pidana menjadi lebih efisien dan dapat terhindar dari menumpuknya kasus (case load) di pengadilan. Tulisan ini ingin mengupas perbandingan secara teori dan praktek antara “Jalur Khusus” dalam RUU KUHAP dengan praktek plea bargaining yang diterapkan beberapa Negara. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.1840
Pengendalian Sosial Kejahatan (Suatu Tinjauan Terhadap Masalah Penghukuman Dalam Perspektif Sosiologi)
Authors: Yani Mas Ahmad
Published: October 2015

Abstract: Social Control of Crimes. Embodiments may include criminalization of social control, compensation, treatment or conciliation. The standard punishment is a ban which, if violated, will result in suffering for those who violate the provision of criminal sanctions against the perpetrators. On compensation, standard or benchmark is an obligation, where the initiative for the process is on the injured party / victim, where the injured party will request compensation (in the civil suit), because the opponent did injury appointment or committed an unlawful act ( on rechtmategedaad). Here there are losers and winners, so as with punishment, nature is akuisator (forced). Unlike the process of punishment and compensation, then the therapeutic or remedial nature means conciliation aims to restore the situation to its original state as recapitalization, debt restructuring, reskeduling can be included in this category. The default is the normality and harmony or harmony. In the form of therapy, the victim took the initiative to improve himself with the help of certain parties, for example assistance consulting services.  Abstrak: Perwujudan pengendalian sosial dapat berupa pemidanaan, kompensasi, terapi atau konsiliasi. Standar atau patokan pemidanaan adalah suatu larangan yang apabila dilanggar, akan mengakibatkan penderitaan bagi pelanggarnya berupa pemberian sanksi pidana terhadap pelakunya. Pada kompensasi, standar atau patokannya adalah kewajiban, di mana inisiatif untuk memprosesnya ada pada pihak yang dirugikan/korban, di mana pihak yang dirugikan akan meminta ganti rugi (dalam proses gugatan perdata), karena pihak lawan melakukan cedera janji atau melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum (on rechtmategedaad). Di sini ada pihak yang kalah dan yang menang, sehingga seperti halnya dengan pemidanaan, sifatnya adalah akuisator (dipaksa). Berbeda dengan proses pemidanaan dan kompensasi, maka terapi maupun konsiliasi sifatnya remedial artinya bertujuan mengembalikan situasi pada keadaan semula seperti rekapitalisasi, restrukturisasi utang, reskeduling dapat dimasukkan dalam katagori ini. Standarnya adalah normalitas dan keserasian atau harmoni. Pada bentuk terapi, korban mengambil inisiatif sendiri untuk memperbaiki dirinya dengan bantuan pihak-pihak tertentu, misalnya bantuan jasa konsultan.  Kata Kunci: Pengendalian Sosial, Kejahatan, Penghukuman.DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.1842
Politieke Beslissing Dalam Pemakzulan Presiden Republik Indonesia
Authors: Habibi Nur
Published: October 2015

Abstrak: Politieke Beslissing Dalam Pemakzulan Presiden Republik Indonesia. Keberadaan Mahkamah Konstitusi mendukung hukum Republik Indonesia mengalami perubahan yang maju dan lebih baik, terutama dalam hukum pemakzulan Presiden dan atau Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia yang diatur oleh Pasal 7A dan 7B UUD NRI 1945, amanat peraturan perundang-undangan mendelegasikan kepada Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat sebagai pendakwanya dan Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai pelaksana peradilan (Forum Previlegiatum), dan MPR sebagai pemutus terakhirnya. Jika Presiden dan atau Wakil Presiden terbukti melanggar hukum, peran Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam perkara yang satu ini memang terbatas, karena Mahkamah Konstitusi hanya dimintai pendapat hukum saja dan hasil putusannyapun diteruskan kepada MPR, MPR bekerja dengan pertimbangan konstitusionalnya, meskipun Mahkamah Konstitusi memutus (Judicieele Vonnis) Presiden dan atau Wakilnya bersalah, tidak serta merta juga MPR memutuskan berhentinya jabatan Presiden dan atau Wakilnya. Disinilah MPR menerapkan kewenangan konstitusionalnya (Constitutional Authority) dengan putusan politik (Politieke Beslissing) yang dimiliki. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.1845
Aproximación a las capacidades de investigación en discapacidad en Colombia
Authors: Duarte-Cuervo Clara , Fernández-Moreno Aleida , Cruz Velandia Israel , García-Ruiz Solángel
Published: October 2015

Antecedentes.

El artículo explora las capacidades de investigación en el campo de la discapacidad en varias regiones de Colombia, se configura como una fase de la investigación macro sobre la agenda colombiana de investigaciones en discapacidad.

Objetivo.

Contribuir a la identificación de los actores que realizan investigación en discapacidad en diferentes ciudades y con ello aproximarse al rastreo de las capacidades de investigación en discapacidad en el país.

Materiales y métodos.

Estudio descriptivo-exploratorio a partir de una encuesta en papel aplicada a personas interesadas y vinculadas de alguna manera con la investigación en el campo de la discapacidad en siete ciudades del país.

Resultados.

Se identificaron 88 actores que hacen investigación en discapacidad en el país; estos incluyen 45 grupos de investigación, 28 organizaciones de y para personas con discapacidades y 15 entidades gubernamentales. Se observa una concentración de estos actores en las principales ciudades, sobre todo en Bogotá.

Conclusión.

Es importante explorar el funcionamiento de redes y alianzas fundadas en los intereses comunes de los grupos u organizaciones.

Palabras Clave: Creación de capacidad; Grupos de investigación; Recursos para la investigación (DeCS).

Summary

Background. This article explores research capacity in the disability knowledge field in some geographical regions in Colombia and is part of a major research project named "Colombian Research Agenda on Disability".

Objective. To contribute in the identification of the actors researching on disability at different cities and, in this way, to make an approach of research capacities on disability in the country.

Materials and Methods. Descriptive study that employs a survey applied to interested or involved people with research on disability from seven cities in Colombia.

Results. 88 actors were identified. 45 of them are research groups, 28 are organizations of or for people with disabilities, and 15 are government agencies. A concentration of research capacities in the main cities, mainly in Bogotá, is noted.

Conclusion. It´s important to explore the dynamics of networks and partnerships that have common interests as the basis for its functionality.

Keywords: Capacity building; Disability; knowledge management
A Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) -infekciók ezer arca
Authors: Szabó Bálint Gergely , Lénárt Katalin Szidónia , Kádár Béla , Gombos Andrea , Dezsényi Balázs , Szanka Judit , Bobek Ilona , Prinz Gyula
Published: October 2015

Incidence and mortality rates of infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) are high worldwide and in Hungary among paediatric as well as adult populations. Pneumococci account for 35–40% of community acquired adult pneumonias requiring hospitalization, while 25–30% of Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonias are accompanied by bacteraemia. 5–7% of all infections are fatal but this rate is exponentially higher in high risk patients and elderly people. Mortality could reach 20% among patients with severe invasive pneumococcal infections. Complications may develop despite administration of adequate antibiotics. The authors summarize the epidemiology of pneumococcal infections, pathogenesis of non-invasive and invasive disease and present basic clinical aspects through demonstration of four cases. Early risk stratification, sampling of hemocultures, administration of antibiotics and wider application of active immunization could reduce the mortality of invasive disease. Anti-pneumococcal vaccination is advisable for adults of ≥50 years and high risk patients of ≥18 years who are susceptible to pneumococcal disease. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(44), 1769–1777.
TYPES OF LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES USED BY TERTIARY ENGLISH MAJORS
Authors: Chuin Tan Khye , Kaur Sarjit
Published: October 2015

This study investigated the types of language learning strategies used by 73 English majors from the School of Humanities in Universiti Sains Malaysia. Using questionnaires adopted from Oxford’s (1990) Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) and focus group interviews, the study also examined the English major students’ perceptions of using language learning strategies while learning English. The results revealed that the English majors were generally high users of all six types of language learning strategies. The English majors were reported to use metacognitive strategies the most. The least preferred strategies among the English majors were memory strategies. Some of the students’ perceptions were positive as they perceived that language learning strategies developed their language competency and required a conscious and deliberate effort. Conversely, some negative perceptions illustrate that students had low awareness of language learning strategies and they believed that language learning strategies did not develop language competency and the usage did not require conscious effort. Research in this field should not cease from exploration in order to contribute towards the development of self-regulated language learners who have problem solving skills and are able to take control of their learning process.
CLASSROOM INTERACTION STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY ENGLISH TEACHERS AT LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Suryati Nunung
Published: October 2015

This article reports a study on teachers’ use of interaction strategies in English Language Teaching (ELT) in lower secondary level of education. The study involved eighteen teachers from Lower Secondary Schools in Malang, East Java. Classroom observation was selected as a method in this study by utilizing Self Evaluation Teacher Talk (SETT) as the instrument. SETT, developed by Walsh (2006), was adopted as the observation protocol as it characterises teacher-student interaction. Thirty lessons taught by 18 teachers were observed. The findings revealed that much of the teacherstudent interaction in Lower Secondary Schools centred on the material mode, skill and system mode. The most frequent strategies were initiation response feedback (IRF) patterns, display questions, teacher echo, and extended teacher turns, while students’ extended turns were rare. It is argued that in order to improve the Indonesian ELT, there is a need to provide an alternative to ELT classroom interaction. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of adopting some classroom interaction strategies that are more facilitative to students’ oral communicative competence.
Therapeutic modalities and postural balance of patients with knee osteoarthritis: systematic review
Authors: Silva Andressa , Mello Marco Túlio de , Gávea Junior Sebastião Augusto , Queiroz Sandra Souza de , Tufik Sergio , Mattiello Stela Márcia
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjective The objective of this review was to evaluate the evidence of the influence of therapeutic modalities on postural balance in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods A search for published papers on therapeutic modalities was conducted using the Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs and SciELO databases. The keywords “knee” and “balance” in combination with “osteoarthritis” were used as the search strategy. Randomized controlled clinical trials published in the last 10 years in either English or Portuguese were selected. The PEDro scale was applied to assess the quality of the selected clinical trials.Results A total of 46 studies of patients with knee OA were found, of which seven were analyzed in full and 39 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Of the seven studies reviewed, six were considered to have a high methodological quality on the PEDro scale. Several therapeutic modalities were found (physical exercise, hydrotherapy, electrotherapy and manual therapy), and postural balance improved in only three studies.Conclusion The studies included in this systematic review had a high methodological quality, so it can be concluded that the therapeutic modalities used in those studies improved postural balance in patients with knee OA.
Efeito da Aloe arborescens Miller e da Aloe barbadensis Miller sobre o desenvolvimento vegetativo em Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: BERTI A. P. , PACHECO L. S. , ROCHA C. L. M. S. C.
Published: October 2015

RESUMOA pesquisa de produtos naturais benéficos à saúde humana vem crescendo nos últimos 20 anos. Considerando que as plantas de Aloe são amplamente utilizadas pela população humana, em geral de maneira terapêutica, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de Aloearborescens Miller e Aloe barbadensis Miller, sobre o desenvolvimento vegetativo de linhagens normais e mutantes de Aspergillus nidulans. Conídios da linhagem biA1methG1, MSE e CLB3 de A. nidulans, foram inoculados em meio completo sem (Controle) e com extratos das duas espécies incubados por 2, 4, 6 e 8 horas a 37ºC, no escuro. Foi analisado em microscópio óptico, 200 conídios de cada tratamento. Para o desenvolvimento das colônias, as linhagens foram inoculadas no centro das placas juntamente com o meio de cultura sólido e sobre a membrana de diálise, visando a medição do diâmetro e do peso. A análise estatística foi baseada no teste de Tukey e todos os procedimentos experimentais foram conduzidos em triplicata. Todas as linhagens apresentaram interferências positivas quando expostas às plantas de Aloe, porém, de maneira variada. Ambas as espécies aceleraram a germinação em todas as linhagens testadas e atuaram na redução significativa de conídios mortos e/ou malformados. Em relação ao desenvolvimento vegetativo, todos os dados referentes ao peso úmido e diâmetro corrigido dos tratamentos demonstraram progressos, contudo, a razão diâmetro/peso apresentou somente na linhagem MSE, ação favorável dos tratamentos naturais. As informações deste estudo sugerem benefícios de A. arborescens e A. barbadensis, justificando a importância e continuidade da investigação, para melhor elucidar os mecanismos de ação dessas plantas.
INFLUENCE OF SUGARCANE STRAW AND SOWING DEPTH ON THE EMERGENCE OF WEED SPECIES
Authors: SILVA P. V. , MONQUERO P. A. , SILVA F. B. , BEVILAQUA N. C. , MALARDO M. R.
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT This study aimed to understand the influence of sowing depth and the amount of sugarcane straw on the emergence of weed species Luffa aegyptiaca Miller (Cucurbitaceae); Mucuna aterrima Piper & Tracy (Fabaceae - Leguminosae) and Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae). A completely randomized design with a 5 x 4 x 3 factorial layout with four replications was used, at five sowing depths (0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 cm), four different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) and three different evaluation periods (7, 14 and 21 days after sowing). After sowing, different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) were deposited on soil. Seedling emergence was analyzed at 7, 14 and 21 days after sowing, counting the number of seedlings that had emerged. At the end of the trial, weed height (cm), leaf area (cm2) and shoot dry mass (g) were measured. In relation to emergence ability, studied species presented different responses according to sowing depth and to the amount of sugarcane straw deposited on the soil. For the L.aegyptiacaand M.aterrima, no significant difference was observed in the interaction between depth and sugarcane straw, showing the adaptation of these species to no-burn sugarcane system. For R.communis, seeds placed at 0 cm of sugar cane straw depth were observed to favor the emergence of seedlings.
LATE ACUTE REJECTION IN LIVER TRANSPLANT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: NACIF Lucas Souto , PINHEIRO Rafael Soares , PÉCORA Rafael Antônio de Arruda , DUCATTI Liliana , ROCHA-SANTOS Vinicius , ANDRAUS Wellington , D'ALBUQUERQUE Luiz Carneiro
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Late acute rejection leads to worse patient and graft survival after liver transplantation. Aim: To analyze the reported results published in recent years by leading transplant centers in evaluating late acute rejection and update the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of liver transplantation. Method: Systematic literature review through Medline-PubMed database with headings related to late acute rejection in articles published until November 2013 was done. Were analyzed demographics, immunosuppression, rejection, infection and graft and patient survival rates. Results: Late acute rejection in liver transplantation showed poor results mainly regarding patient and graft survival. Almost all of these cohort studies were retrospective and descriptive. The incidence of late acute rejection varied from 7-40% in these studies. Late acute rejection was one cause for graft loss and resulted in different outcomes with worse patient and graft survival after liver transplant. Late acute rejection has been variably defined and may be a cause of chronic rejection with worse prognosis. Late acute rejection occurs during a period in which the goal is to maintain lower immunosuppression after liver transplantation. Conclusion: The current articles show the importance of late acute rejection. The real benefit is based on early diagnosis and adequate treatment at the onset until late follow up after liver transplantation.
Feed sorting and intake affected by the physical form and composition of the total mixed ration in dairy cows
Authors: González Félix Hilario Diaz , Olmo Diego Martínez Del , Muiño Rodrigo , Benedito José Luis , Hernández Joaquín , Castillo Cristina , Pereira Víctor
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study observes the effects of manipulating the diet in its physical form and in cereal composition of the concentrate on sorting behaviour, feed intake, composition of milk, and degree of discomfort in dairy cows. In a commercial dairy farm with 360 mid-lactation Holstein cows (averaged 105 days), three treatments of feeding handling were applied sequentially during 120 days, each separated by periods of 30 days of resting: (1) Time of chopping of the total mixed ration (TMR): 15min (N= 180) and 23min (N= 180), (2) Physical form of the concentrate: meal (N= 180) and pellet (N= 180), and (3) Cereal composition in the concentrate: mix of corn, barley and wheat in traditional proportions (3.6:1:1) (N= 120), barley only (N= 120) and corn only (N= 120). Animals feeding TMR chopped for 23min selected less and consumed more ration, and had more milk protein and less discomfort than cows feeding TMR chopped for 15min. The physical form of the concentrate, meal or pellet, did not affect feed sorting, but the meal form resulted in greater feed intake and milk fat percentage. The type of cereal in the concentrate did not affect feed sorting but affected feed intake, milk yield and milk composition. In conclusion, it is recommended using TMR chopped during 23min instead of 15min and using the traditional mix of cereals in the concentrate (corn, barn and wheat) instead of using only one cereal.
Portrait of A Revolutionary: Naglaa-“The Lion of the Midan”
Authors: Hafez Sherine
Published: October 2015

This essay examines the (re)production of the discourses of dispossession that frame women’s issues in the Arab, Middle East and Muslim majority world. Taking the case of revolutionary women in the Arab Uprisings as an example, the author traces the constructs of dehistoricization, disempowerment and western centric logic that underlies media coverage reports about women’s participation in public protest. The essay produces a counter narrative to the dominant coverage of the western driven media by offering an account by an Egyptian revolutionary woman, Naglaa whose lived experience encourages us to rethink how discourse reproduces the grand narrative of western postcolonialist discourse.