bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Situational and Perceived Interest on EFL Reading Comprehension: A Gender-Based Study at the University of Algiers 2
Authors: Akhrib Mohammed , Nedjai Fatma Zohra Mebtouche
Published: April 2021

This study aims to investigate gender differences in English as a foreign language (EFL) reading comprehension, situational and perceived interest for gender-oriented passages. It also examines whether any gender variances in situational or perceived interest in those passages cause gender differences in EFL reading comprehension. Throughout this research, clear insights about individual differences and the unexplained variance in foreign language reading are provided. Two main research questions were formulated: (a) Do gender differences in EFL students’ situational interest explain gender differences in EFL students’ reading comprehension? (b) Do gender differences in EFL students’ PI explain gender differences in EFL students’ reading comprehension? In this concern, EFL freshmen students at the University of Algiers 2, including 35 females and 24 males, were conveniently selected. The selected materials were two tests of reading comprehension with male and female texts. Each of these tests was followed by the questionnaires of sources of interest and perceived interest, adapted from Brantmeier (2006). Findings revealed significant gender differences in tests with male and female passages. Besides, significant gender differences found in cohesion, prior knowledge, ease of recollection, and perceived interest for both male and female passages in addition to engagement for the female text did not account for gender differences in reading comprehension of their respective tests. In this way, other factors than situational and perceived interest would explain gender differences in reading comprehension.
Structured Input vs. Structured Output Task’s Effects on the Acquisition of the English Causative Forms: Discourse-Level. Structured Input vs. Structured Output Task’s Effects on the Acquisition of the English Causative Forms: Discourse-Level.
Authors: Alabdullah Najat
Published: April 2021

This research paper presents a quasi-experimental empirical study investigating the effects of structured input and structured output tasks on the acquisition of English causative forms. This research is framed on VanPatten’s (1996) input processing theory. The grammatical form chosen for this investigation is affected by a processing strategy called the First Noun Principle. There are three variables included that make this study significant. These variables are having participants that are young learners who speak Arabic as an L1 and using discourse-level instrumentation. These variables make this study significant because the studies that investigated the effectiveness of structured input practice with these variables are in the minority. The study’s main questions are: (i) What are the short-term effects of structured input and structured output on the acquisition of English causative forms as measured with discourse-level interpretation tasks? (ii) What are the short-term effects of structured input and structured output on the learners’ ability to acquire the English causative forms as measured with discourse-level production tasks? Participants were school-age learners (aged 12-13) from an Arabic background with Arabic as an L1 who studied English as a second language in Kuwait. A pre and post-test procedure was adopted in this study. Two instructional groups were created, which are: (i) structured input; (ii) structured output. Discourse-level tasks were used in the study to assess the effectiveness of the two instructional treatments. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The main findings support the view that discourse-level structured input tasks are a useful pedagogical intervention in helping young L2 learners from an Arabic background with Arabic as an L1 to process, interpret and produce accurate English causative forms. The main findings have theoretical and pedagogical implications for language learning and teaching.
The Latest Tools for the Formation of Foreign Language Communicative Competence of Students of Non-language Specialties
Authors: Turko Olha , Kravchuk Tetiana , Kashuba Oleksandra , Navolska Halyna , Kutsyi Ivan
Published: April 2021

This paper aims at demonstrating the effectiveness of modern methods of formation of English language communicative competence of those students who study at non-language specialties. The experimental work was carried out at the Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology, the Faculty of Physical Education and the Faculty of History of Ternopil National Pedagogical University named after Volodymyr Hnatyuk, Ukraine. The authors present their experience of conducting a three-year-long training using game technology, project-based technology, interactive technologies, tasks in the electronic system Moodle, etc. and discuss the benefits of using those means at university. The core question of the given study is whether these means are effective in the formation of students’ foreign language communicative competence. The authors demonstrate the benefits of studying with the help of modern lingua-didactic and technical means. The results of the survey indicate that these tools are effective in their integrated application for the formation of English language skills. To conclude, the findings of the study can be applied while teaching English to the students of non-language specialties.
Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies on Second Language Vietnamese Undergraduates
Authors: Manh Hieu , Le Thu Phan Huong
Published: April 2021

Metacognitive awareness is considered a crucial factor in reading comprehension. In the present study, the quantitative research method was applied using descriptive statistics, T-test, and ANOVA to identify: (1) What is second language (L2) Vietnamese students’ metacognitive awareness of reading strategies? (2) Are there any significant differences between male and female L2 Vietnamese students in metacognitive awareness of reading strategies? (3) Are there any significant differences between good, medium, and poor L2 Vietnamese readers in metacognitive awareness of reading strategies? One hundred and twenty-three English-majored undergraduates of Hong Bang International University completed an online survey which discovers their frequencies of using problem-solving, global, and support reading strategies. They next took a comprehension test on the TOEIC format test, whose results were adopted to classify students into three levels, namely good, medium, and poor readers. Reading strategies usage mean scores were compared across three strategy types and these scores were collated between groups. Results showed; first, reading strategies were used in academic texts at medium frequency level with the high usage of problem-solving strategies, followed by medium usage of support and global reading strategies. Second, female readers showed a higher frequency of using support strategies than males did. Third, learners’ proficiency levels were found to predict the levels of metacognitive awareness in reading with high-reading-ability students applying reading strategies more frequently than poor-reading-ability ones. This is significant to indicate that instructors should integrate all three reading strategies in their teaching, especially, raising awareness of global and support reading strategies among Vietnamese learners.
Uncovering New Paths to Adaptation: A Case Study of Malaysian English as a Second Language Pre-service Teachers
Authors: Masry Taghreed El , Alzaanin Eman I
Published: April 2021

This study aims to explore how English as a Second Language ESL Pre-Service Teachers (PSTs) employ adaptation strategies in response to the surrounding constraining context to develop their professional identities. The research question is “How do pre-service teachers (PSTs) employ adaptation strategies to develop their professional identity (PI) during their simulated teaching class and practicum?”. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews and classroom observation from PSTs in a Malaysian university and public secondary schools in Kuala Lumpur. Findings showed that the positive notions of belonging to a Community of Practice (CoP) proved to be applicable in the simulated teaching class context, so PSTs used their adaptation process of observation-experimentation and evaluation to attempt different teaching practices. Nonetheless, the positive notions of the CoP were inapplicable in the teaching practicum context. Hence, PSTs struggled to construct their Professional Identity (PI) and had to alter their adaptation strategies to negotiate PI construction. The study concludes with some recommendations for further use. Program designers need to consider social interaction and integration within the professional context. That could enable adaptation processes to enhance PSTs’ PI development.
Taking the Cloth: How Religious Appeals Increase Compliance with COVID-19 Prevention Measures
Authors: Adida Claire , Cottiero Christina , Falabella Leonardo , Gotti Isabel , Ijaz Syeda ShahBano , Phillips Gregoire , Seese Michael
Published: April 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks have been recommended by the CDC and the WHO as key to reducing viral transmission. Yet, in the United States, one fifth of individuals say they wear masks at most some of the time, and a majority say that people in their community wear masks at most some of the time. What strategies most effectively encourage compliance with this critical covid-19 prevention measure? Relying on social identity theory, we experimentally assess two possible mechanisms of compliance, elite endorsement and social norms, among a representative sample of White U.S.–born Evangelicals, a group that has shown resistance to prevention measures. We find evidence for both mechanisms, but social norms play a remarkably important role – increasing support for mask-wearing by 6% with spillover effects on other prevention guidelines. Our findings confirm the role that appeals to norms and elite endorsements play in shaping individual behavior, and offer lessons for public health messaging.
Public Service Announcements for Health Insurance in Nepal: Perspectives from Health Belief Model
Authors: Acharya Devraj , Devkota Bhimsen , Bhattarai Radha
Published: April 2021

Public Service Announcement (PSA) is an advertisement to inform the people sponsored by the public company or the governmental agencies. There were several PSAs implemented to inform the people about health insurance (HI). Data from the Health Insurance Board showed low enrolment with high dropout in health insurance programme (HIP). It was found that the PSAs could not attract the people. Therefore, we assessed the PSAs used for the HIP and amomg them, three Radio/FM jingles, eight TV spots, hoarding board, newspapers, and brochure were evaluated using the Health Belief Model (HBM). We found the almost all PSAs have not covered the constructs of HBM. Most of the PSAs have included primarily perceived benefits and perceived susceptibility but missed to include perceived severity, perceived threats, and self-efficacy. Only benefits focused message could not attract the people. Therefore, we recommend that all PSAs need to have all the features of HBM in the PSA messages while notifying and informing the people.
Impact of Lapsed Policies in Life Insurance Industries of Nepal
Authors: Koju Ram , Subedi Susil Dev , Koju Laxmi
Published: April 2021

Growth and competition are rapidly rising in life insurance sector. Companies have challenge to stay in the market and earn profit as well as build trust among the end users. In this context, companies have to expand business by selling more life insurance policies. However, only selling new policies might not be the solution to increase profit. Thus, company needs to ensure minimum to zero lapse rates for the sustainable growth of the company. This study investigated the impact of lapse rate and revival rate on net worth, profitability, life fund, and total premium income of life insurance industries in Nepal over the period 2010-2019. The study employed Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) for empirical estimation. The empirical results showed the lapse rate, profitability, revival rate and surrender rate of 23.91%, 2.64%, 88.82% and 3.83%, respectively in the life insurance industries in Nepal during the 10 years’ period. The lapse rate was significantly negatively correlated with life fund and the total premium income with the–model coefficients of 0.1474065 and -0.19244, respectively. Moreover, the empirical estimation showed a significant positive correlation between lapse rate and profitability. This might be because high lapse rate lowers the provision of unexpired risk and life fund resulting in higher amount of profitability. The revival rate was significantly positively correlated with the profitability. This might be because higher revival rate increases the renewal income of a company, resulting in more funds available for investment thereby bringing positive cash inflow for the company. However, the revival rate did not show any significant association with net worth, life fund and total premium income.
Jaka pedagogika krytyczna jest (nie)możliwa w Polsce i dlaczego? (Esej metakrytyczny z Henrym A. Giroux w tle)
Authors: Witkowski Lech
Published: April 2021

The text undertakes the problematics situated between modernity and tradition regarding the reception of H.A. Giroux’s works in Poland, in a view of furthering the study of pedagogy and educational praxis. First, the author outlines the beginnings of openness towards critical pedagogy. What is underscored here is the 1980s’ main inspiration drawn from the resistance paradigm. Then, the author proceeds to the current state of Giroux’s reception in Poland. He illustrates differences among particular examples and levels of the said reception of Giroux’s pedagogy and of the scholar’s theoretical background. The emphasized disputes pertain especially to transcending metaphysics and relativism as a challenge faced by hermeneutical criticism and critical hermeneutics. Additionally, the “critical” horizon of the main handbook of pedagogy used in Polish universities is discussed. The author point to the wasteful efforts at instigating the breakthrough in the reception of critical pedagogy and he exemplifies them by an instance of misbegotten analysis of the allegedly delayed critical pedagogy of work. As a particularly positive example the author presents a new effort at developing critical hermeneutics (and radical praxis) for pedagogy by Andrzej Wierciński. In the concluding part written “in lieuof conclusions,” four lists of critical problems’ dislocations are provided; the problems are both convergent and related to one another, thereby redefining current research objectives and pertain to practical applications in educational praxis.
Investigation of best digital technological practices in millennial classroom innovation: critical review study
Authors: Sudarmo Sudarmo , Rasmita Rasmita , Satria Erwinsyah
Published: April 2021

This paper aims to critically review best technology practices for native digital students in Indonesia. The success of learning using technology today cannot be separated from educators' ability to choose technology practice models from various learning sources. To present practices used for the digital generation, we have looked at data from dozens of scientific findings that examine digital best practices, particularly those that improve learning outcomes. After the data has been collected, we continue the critical review process to discuss the phenomenon and its attributes. Searching for data, analyzing, and summarizing data to answer the research questions was carried out with validity and reliability. We rely on online data searches. The result uses devices, teleconferencing, smart boards, reflective web journals, cloud servers, 3D printing, learning and practicing, maintaining flexibility and persistence, promoting collaboration, feedback, and research culture. Thus, these results will serve as essential reminder inputs for educators and researchers, curriculum innovation.
EXPLORING SMART CITY RESEARCH FROM INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES
Authors:   University of Split, Faculty of Economics, Business and Tourism, Cvite Fiskovica 5, 21000 Split, Croatia, Jadrić Mario
Published: April 2021

Research in the smart city domain is characterised by distinct multidisciplinarity. The reason for this is the broadness of the domain, classified into six key categories: smart governance, smart people, smart living, smart mobility, smart economy, and smart environment, all focal points of research in separate scientific fields. Also, many researchers argue about the best approach and steps in the development of smart cities highlighting different technological, economic, or sociological aspects of research. This paper aims to explore and clarify the differences in smart city research from two different perspectives - information systems and management. Abstracts from almost 5.000 papers from the WoS database and more than 7.000 papers from the Scopus database were downloaded and analysed. Publications categorised into two perspectives were then analysed descriptively, including data about the number of papers, year of publication, and country of publishing. Furthermore, automated text mining procedure was performed for additional interpretation of attributes and occurrences from the two observed perspectives. The use of six smart city categories as keywords within each set was also analysed and visualised. The results indicate clear differences in both research approaches and research subjects between the two perspectives.
INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL VALUES ON CONSUMER CHOICE AND INTENTION TO BUY: A CASE OF CROATIAN AUTOMOBILE MARKET
Authors:   Polytechnic Nikola Tesla in Gospić, Bana Ivana Karlovića 16, Gospić, Croatia, Tonković Pražić Ivana
Published: April 2021

This paper aimed to identify the factors and segments of car buyers based on their personal values and analyzing their relation to car buyers’ choice and intention to buy. A survey involving 561 participants was conducted using the PVQ scale and additional questions about car-buying behavior. Upon collecting the data, statistical analysis was conducted that allowed for nine value types to be successfully distinguished among car buyers: benevolence, universalism, self-direction, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, and power, security, conformity, and tradition. Additionally, based on the abovementioned value types, different consumer segments were distinguished: "opened to change", "self-transcendent", "self-enhanced" and "conservative". Furthermore, the results show that segments of car buyers differ in their preferences of car models, i.e. they choose or intend to buy different car models. The conclusion presents the contribution of the paper, limitations, and guidelines for future research.
LIVING ON CROATIAN ISLANDS – PERCEPTIONS AND REALITIES OF ISLAND DEVELOPMENT POLICY
Authors:   The Institute of Economics, Zagreb, Trg J.F. Kennedyja 7, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Kordej-De Villa Željka , Slijepčević Sunčana ,   The Institute of Economics, Zagreb, Trg J.F. Kennedyja 7, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Published: April 2021

The Croatian islands make the second-largest archipelago in the Mediterranean. There are 1244 islands (78 islands, 524 islets, and 642 rocks and rocks awash) that are situated in a range of 450 km along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. The total area covers 3300 km2 (about 5.8 % of Croatian mainland territory) and the length of their coast is 4057 km. Twenty of these islands occupy an area larger than 20 km2 each, and the other 58 ones have a surface from 1 km2 to 20 km2. There are 47 islands that are permanently inhabited. Administratively, islands belong to seven coastal counties and 51 island towns/municipalities. Several small islands are in the jurisdiction of seven coastal cities. By the Constitution, islands are considered as a region of special protection and unique value. Islands specificities require development policy that takes account of demographic, economic, environmental, and other island issues. In the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, island development policy becomes even more challenging and complex. This paper aims to analyse the attitudes and perceptions of the islanders about the living conditions on the island and the impact of public policies on island development. Identifying the problems from the local perspective helps us to evaluate the success of island development policy. Effective island policy increases the quality of life of the islanders while respecting island specifics. For this purpose, the results of a survey conducted on a sample of the inhabitants of Croatian islands conducted in 2020 are used. The surveys were conducted using the online tool LimeSurvey. The results indicate that 42 percent of the islanders think that living conditions on the islands are not improving. Most of the islanders think that government policy does not encourage island development. The paper also identifies factors that are responsible for differences in attitudes and perceptions of islanders.
SAFE HAVEN, HEDGE AND DIVERSIFICATION FOR STOCK MARKETS: GOLD VERSUS SILVER
Authors:   Escola Superior de Ciências Empresarias – Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Portugal, Farinha Ana , Dias Rui ,   Escola Superior de Ciências Empresarias - Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Portugal & CEFAGE, Universidade de Évora, Portugal, Heliodoro Paula ,   Escola Superior de Ciências Empresarias – Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Portugal, Alexandre Paulo ,   Escola Superior de Ciências Empresarias – Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Portugal
Published: April 2021

This paper aims to analyse if whether Gold (Gold Bullion: Zurich) and Silver (Silver Paris Spot E/KG) will be a safe haven for portfolio diversification in the financial markets of Germany (DAX 30), USA (DOW JONES), France (CAC 4 0), Italy (FTSE MID), United Kingdom (FTSE 100), Hong Kong (Hang Seng), China (SHANGHAI SE ASHARE), Japan (NIKKEI 225), in the period between 1 January 2019 to 2 September 2020. In order to perform this analysis where undertaken different approaches to analyse if: (i) the gold and silver market will be a safe haven when financial markets break down? (ii) If so, can market shocks question portfolio diversification? The results suggest 53 pairs of integrated markets (out of 90 possible). Gold and Silver have integrations with each other and with the USA, but the other financial markets integrate with Gold and Silver, namely the US, France, UK, Italy and Hong Kong markets (the latter only with Silver). The China market has a single integration but is integrated by the USA, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, and Germany, which partially rejects the first investigation question. In corroboration, causality tests show 67 causal relationships (out of 90 possible). The Markets of Italy (FTSE MID), the USA (DOW JONES) cause, in the Grangerian sense, all its peers (9 out of 9 possible), while France (CAC 40), the United Kingdom (FTSE 100), Japan (NIKKEI 225), and Germany (DAX 30) cause 8 out of 9. Silver and Gold cause the financial markets 7, and 6 times (out of 9 possible), respectively, while the Hong Kong (Hang Seng) and China (SHANGHAI) markets cause 3 and once, respectively, which validates the second investigation question. Given the high level of integration and shocks between markets, portfolio diversification may be brought into question. These findings also make room for market regulators to take steps to ensure better information among international financial markets.
Structured Financing Producs as an Alternative to the Traditional Financing
Authors: Namazov Vugar Faig
Published: April 2021

The article examines key aspects of the structured trade financing instruments and prerequisites for their existence. The research is based on an analysis of synergies between financial and commodity markets, and aimed to the development of sustainable risk management tools by enhancing access to capital thru alternative financial instruments, especially for the small and medium size entrepreneurs. The main focus is concentrated around developing economies.
EFFECT OF MITICIDES AMITRAZ AND FLUVALINATE ON REPRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF HONEY BEE APIS MELLIFERA
Authors: Ilyasov Rustem , Lim Sooho , Lee Myeong Lyeol , Kwon Hyung Wook , Nikolenko Alexey
Published: April 2021

Varroa destructor is a well-known ectoparasite of the honey bee Apis mellifera. Amitraz and fluvalinate are highly effective miticides used against V. destructor infestation in colonies of honey bee A. mellifera. Though honey bees more resistant to miticides, there are side effects of these chemicals on the reproduction, olfaction, and honey production of honey bees. We showed a negative impact of miticides amitraz and fluvalinate on honey production and reproduction of honey bee colonies. Also, we assumed the reduction of olfaction of honey bees by fluvalinate due to changes of expression of olfactory related neuropeptide genes short neuropeptide F sNPF, tachykinin TK, short neuropeptide F receptor sNPFR. The external treatment of honey bee colonies by miticides amitraz and fluvalinate along with a positive effect of pest control harms reproductivity, honey productivity, and, probably, can reduce learning and memory, gustation and olfaction of honey bees. When used for a short time and with care, miticides can be less harmful to honey bees. Breeding varroa-resistant honey bees allow to reduce the use of miticides and produce organic honey. Therefore, the further development of beekeeping should be in the direction of selection for disease and Varroa resistance and adaptation to the environment.
BEE POLLEN: ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: Tutun Hidayet , Kaya Muhammet Mükerrem , Usluer Melike Sultan , Kahraman Hatice Ahu
Published: April 2021

Bee pollen is a honey bee product containing over 250 biologically active substances such as phenolic bases, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, enzymes and coenzymes, vitamins and bio-elements. The composition of bee pollen may vary due to plant sources and its botanical and geographical origin. Bee pollen has been used since ancient times in traditional medicine for its therapeutic effects such as wound healing and hepatoprotective. Bee pollen has been reported to possess antioxidant and radical scavenging activities usually attributed to the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids which are plant-derived polyphenolic substances. The antioxidant capacity of bee pollen depends on the content of total polyphenolic substances. This review presents an overview of chemical composition and antioxidant activity of bee pollen.
TUNCELİ BALLARININ COĞRAFİ İŞARET ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: Özkök Aslı , Gençay Çelemli Ömür , Zare Golshan , Özenirler Çiğdem , Mayda Nazlı , Sorkun Kadriye
Published: April 2021

Yapılan çalışmada, Tunceli ilinden toplanan ballarda melissopalinojik ve kimyasal analizler ile Tunceli ballarının karakterizasyonu çıkartılmış olup bölgenin coğrafik işaret çalışmasına katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın ilk aşaması olan melissopalinolojik analizler kapsamında, yöre ballarının bitkisel kaynağı olabilecek 31 familyaya ait 80 takson tespit edilmiştir. Analiz edilen 32 balın 7 tanesinin monofloral (bir adet; Berberis crataegina- T13, bir adet Hypericum scabrum- T14, beş adet Paracaryum cristatum balı-T18,21,24,27,28), diğerlerinin ise multifloral olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kimyasal analizin bir aşaması olan, balda früktoz ve glikoz değerlerinin tesbiti analizi, Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografisi (HPLC) cihazı ile gerçekleştirilmiş olup; früktoz değerlerinin 25,97-43,44 g/100g aralığında (ortalama: 32,28±3,32 g/100g), glikoz değerlerinin; 21,84-45,6 g/100g aralığında (ortalama: 33,04±5,22 g/100g) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Früktoz/Glikoz oranının ise 0,83-1,13 aralığında olup ortalama değerin 0,97±0,07 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kimyasal analizler kapsamında UV-Vis Spektometre cihazı ile tespit edilen toplam fenolik madde miktarları 98,96±0,02 mgGAE/kg 330,96±0,02 mgGAE/kg (ortalama 143,46±0,21 mgGAE/kg) değerleri aralığında bulunmuştur. Tunceli ili ballarının, uçucu bileşenlerinin tayini Gaz Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektrometresi (GC-MS) cihazı ile gerçekleştirilmiş olup yapılan analiz sonucunda ballarda; aldehidler, alifatik asit ve esterleri, alkoller, hidrokarbonlar, karboksilik asit ve esterleri, ketonlar, terpenler, yağ asidi ve esterleri bileşik gruplarına ait bileşikler tespit edilmiştir. Bu gruplardan karboksilik asit ve esterleri ile yağ asidi ve esterleri gruplarına ait bileşiklere yüksek oranlarda rastlanılmıştır.
KESTANE (Castanea sativa) BALI ÖRNEKLERİNİN BOTANİK ORİJİNLERİNİN DOĞRULANMASI VE TOPLAM POLEN SAYILARI
Authors: Özkök Aslı , Ecem Bayram Nesrin
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Zonguldak ilinin farklı lokasyonlarından toplanan bal örneklerinin (n=9) botanik orijinlerinin palinolojik analizle tespit edilmesi ve toplam polen sayılarının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Ek olarak toplanan bal örneklerinin Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bal Tebliği (No:2020/7)’nde kestane balı numuneleri için verilen polen içeriği kriteri ile uyumluluğu tartışılmıştır. Melissopalinolojik analizler neticesinde bal örnekleri kestane balı (n=7), karışık çiçek balı (n=2) ve geven balı (n=1) olarak etiketlenmiştir. Kestane balı olarak tespit edilen örneklerin 10 gr baldaki toplam polen sayısı (TPS-10) 41722-647312 arasında saptanmış olup bu bal örneklerinin çok iyi, iyi ve normal kalitede bal örnekleri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca elde edilen sonuçlar kestane balı olarak toplanan bal örneklerinin %33’ünün ulusal gıda kodeksinde kestane botanik orijinine sahip unifloral bal tipleri için rapor edilen minimum polen içeriğine sahip olmadığını göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar özellikle ülkemizde diğer polifloral çiçek ballarına kıyasla daha yüksek fiyata satılan kestane gibi unifloral bal tipleri için botanik orijin tespit analizinin zorunlu hale getirilmesinin haksız rekabetin önlenmesi açısından ne denli önemli olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu nedenle, ülkemizde üretilen fakat minimum polen içeriği Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bal Tebliği (No:2020/7)’nde belirtilmeyen lavanta ve çörekotu gibi farklı tipte unifloral çiçek balları için de melissopalinolojik çalışmaların yürütülerek polen içeriği değerlerinin belirlenmesi önemli görülmektedir.
BAL ARISI ZEHRİNİN KOMPOZİSYONUNU VE ÜRETİM MİKTARINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER
Authors: Çaprazlı Tuğçe , Kekeçoğlu Meral
Published: April 2021

Bal arısı zehri (BAZ) diğer adı ile apitoksin, bal arısı (Apis mellifera L.)’nın koloni savunmasında kullanmak üzere ürettiği protein ve peptid ağırlıklı bir dış salgı ürünüdür. Apitoksin zengin kimyasal içeriği nedeniyle kozmetik ve sağlık alanında özellikle apiterapide oldukça yaygın kullanıma sahiptir. Apiterapide amaçlanan başarının elde edilmesi kullanılan ürünlerin nitelik ve niceliğiyle doğrudan ilişkilidir. Bu sebeple apiterapi amaçlı kullanım söz konusu olduğunda ham madde üretiminden son ürüne kadarki sürecin kontrollü ve kalite standartlarına uygun yapılması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Türkiye’de bal arısı zehrinin ticari üretimi son günlerde gündeme gelen bir konudur. Bu nedenle gerek zehir üretim miktarı gerekse zehrin içerik bakımından kalitesini etkileyen faktörler konusunda tartışmalar mevcuttur. Bu derlemede bal arısı zehrinin içeriğini ve üretim miktarını etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek için yapılan önceki çalışmalar taranarak bu tartışmalara çözüm önerileri oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmalarda bal arısı zehrinin üretiminde kullanılan cihazların, zehir toplama cihazının kovandaki konumunun, hasat periyodu ve hasat saatinin, mevsimsel değişimin, bal arısı ırkı ve davranışlarının, arı yaşının ve depolama koşullarının zehir miktar ve kalitesi üzerine etkisi ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca zehir toplamanın koloni performansı ve davranışı üzerine etkisi de araştırılarak detaylı bilgi verilmeye çalışılmıştır.Anahtar Kelime: Apitoksin, bal arısı zehri, doğru üretim, teknik, kalite,
Apresentação - Língua Portuguesa em África: Políticas Linguísticas e Crioulos em Debate
Authors: Timbane Alexandre António , Balsalobre Sabrina Rodrigues Garcia
Published: April 2021

Os Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOP) são plurilíngues, com uma convivência conflituosa entre a língua portuguesa (com estatuto de língua oficial), as línguas africanas (incluindo crioulos), as línguas asiáticas, as línguas de sinais e outras línguas europeias. Há pouca clareza (sob o ponto de vista da política linguística) em relação ao uso e à importância das línguas africanas, pois as Constituições dos seis PALOP deixam margem e possibilidades de interpretações. Por exemplo, a República da Guiné Bissau e a República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe não fazem nenhuma alusão ao uso e ao estatuto das línguas faladas nesses países. Outros países tratam as línguas africanas como ‘línguas nacionais’ (a exemplo de Moçambique e de Angola) ou ainda como ‘línguas aborígenas’ (como é o caso da Guiné-Equatorial). Agravando o quadro, observa-se que os crioulos são línguas da maioria populacional nos países onde são falados (como Cabo Verde, Guiné Bissau e São Tomé e Príncipe), mas ainda não são reconhecidos como oficiais.
Editorial: Tecnologia para educar e transformar o cuidado em saúde
Authors: Reis Zilma Silveira Nogueira
Published: April 2021

Para compilar este volume com textos de qualidade, procurámos contribuições de autores experts em suas áreas. Os artigos foram revistos e avaliados por revisores científicos experientes que cederam o seu tempo para participarem na publicação desta edição, trabalho imprescindível que é de salientar. Como membros e apoiadores da AULP, a Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), no Brasil, e a Universidade de Coimbra, em Portugal, tiveram assim o privilégio de organizar, através de seus professores, investigadores e revisores convidados, o presente trabalho. Registo aqui os meus sinceros agradecimentos.
Modern activity of the national police in counteracting economic crimes in the basic branches of the economy of Ukraine (agro-industrial complex)
Authors: Yefimov Volovymyr
Published: April 2021

It is emphasized that economic crimes affect all types of economic activity, are reflected in various spheres of society. Not only intentional encroachments on property have increased, but also other crimes related to economic activity: economic abuse, abuse of power by employees of institutions, enterprises, organizations, "bribery", fraud, forgery of documents. The main burden of combating economic crime falls on the National Police, and the priority role in the prevention of economic crime belongs to the criminal police, which includes the Department of Strategic Investigations. The effectiveness of prevention of economic crimes is ensured by high-quality information and analytical activities, the presence of scientifically sound prognostic estimates of high probability. The police should assess the following indicators: the actual level and trends of the criminal busi-ness, both parasitic on the legal economy and that which exists in illegal economic activities; the share of criminal communities in it; comparative intensity of fraud by areas and territories. The objects of preventive activities of the National Police should be: negative phenomena and processes that contribute to the commission of specific economic and tax crimes or facilitate their commission; persons planning or preparing to commit economic crimes; persons in respect of whom the National Police controls their behavior in cases provided by law; persons with persistent illegal behavior and who have previously been prosecuted for economic crimes; persons who are prosecuted for the commission of these crimes, as well as suspects or accused of committing economic crimes, if the criminal proceedings are terminated due to non-rehabilitative circumstances, as well as persons in respect of whom criminal proceedings were refused on the same grounds. The modern concept of combating economic and organized crime should be based on a strictly developed methodology for comprehensive analysis of certain features as a result of criminal analysis of a large amount of data obtained from various sources, including integrated information retrieval systems of the National Police of Ukraine.
Teaching Macro Excel on Pre-service Mathematics Teachers: Analysis Error in Solving the Syntax Manually
Authors: Wulandari Nourma Pramestie , Wahiduddin Faishal , Lu'luilmaknun Ulfa , Maulyda Mohammad Archi , Apsari Ratih Ayu
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study is to describe errors output when pre-service mathematics teachers were writing output of the syntax that given in macro excel manually. This research is a qualitative descriptive research with 101 participants from 2nd year pre-service mathematics teachers from one of state university at Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia. Instrument used consists of one syntax that has 8 outputs when it is run and that will be analysed using Newman’s procedures. The eight outputs come from 3 types of output, namely text, numbers, and count. The result showed that the average percentage of syntax output writing errors was 87.13%. It also indicated to reading errors of 48.51%, comprehension errors of 18.81%, transformation errors of 83.17%, process skill errors of 20.79%, and encoding errors of 87.13%. Based on the result, errors occur when participants incorrectly write output and wrong in writing the result of the count. In addition, factors that caused these errors are 1) participants were not trained in providing information that was in the problem, 2) participants did not read the instructions in the problem correctly, and 3) participants did not pay attention to the suitability of syntax and output as was learned before. This research can be a reference for lecturers to develop learning about programming languages that can make students understand the use of syntax with the emphasis on manual syntax learning which will make their logic easier when applyng the syntax on a computer.
Fostering of Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability Using ARCS Model and Students’ Motivation
Authors: Suherman Suherman , Zaman Adib Mustofa , Farida Farida
Published: April 2021

Mathematical critical thinking skills in mathematics learning is an ability that needs to be mastered by every student in order to support students in the learning process. The purpose of this study was to analyzing the influence and interaction of the ARCS model and learning motivation on students' mathematical critical thinking skills. This research is a quasi-experimental design using cluster random sampling as a sampling technique. The data collection technique used an essay test to determine MCT and a questionnaire to see motivation. The data analysis technique used the normality test, homogeneity, and two-way ANOVA. The results have shown that there is an effect of the ARCS learning model on students' mathematical critical thinking ability, there is no influence of learning motivation on mathematical critical thinking skills, and there is no interaction between ARCS model learning and motivation towards mathematical critical thinking ability. Therefore, the ARCS model can be solution to fostering of mathematical critical thinking abilities.
A Within-host Tuberculosis Model Using Optimal Control
Authors: Adi Yudi Ari
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we studied a mathematical model of tuberculosis with vaccination for the treatment of  tuberculosis. We considered an in-host tuberculosis model that described the interaction between Macrophages and Mycobacterium tuberculosis and investigated the effect of vaccination treatments on uninfected macrophages. Optimal control is applied to show the optimal vaccination and effective strategies to control the disease. The optimal control formula is obtained using the Hamiltonian function and Pontryagin's maximum principle. Finally, we perform numerical simulations to support the analytical results. The results suggest that control or vaccination is required if the maximal transmission of infection rate at which macrophages became infected is large. In this paper, we studied a mathematical model of tuberculosis with vaccination for the treatment of  tuberculosis.We considered an in-host tuberculosis model that described the interaction between macrophages Macrophages and Mycobacterium tuberculosis and investigated the effect of vaccination treatments on uninfected macrophages. Optimal controlis applied to show the optimal vaccination and effective strategies to control the disease. The optimal control formula isobtained using the Hamiltonian function and Pontryagin's maximum principle. Finally, we perform numerical simulations to support the analytical results.The results suggest thatcontrol or vaccination is required if the maximal transmission of infection rate at which macrophages became infected is large.
CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN YU. G. OKSMAN AND N. K. GUDZIJ (1930–1965) (Final Part)
Authors:   A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature, Russian Academy of Sciences, Frolov M.A.
Published: April 2021

The publication introduces the scholarly community to a long-term correspondence between the two literary historians and textual experts, Yu. G. Oksman and N. K. Gudzij (currently stored at RGALI and Manuscript Department, Russian State Library). The correspondence refl ects the diversity and similarity of the research interests of the two correspondents, whose epistolary dialogue refl ected the life of the Soviet society, the challenges faced by the Russian philological scholarship of the second third of the 20th century in many of its tragic episodes, and most importantly, the fates of the participants of this dialogue.
TWO FRENCH POEMS IN TREDIAKOVSKII’S COLLECTION "VOYAGE TO THE ISLAND OF LOVE"
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Grechanaya E.P.
Published: April 2021

In his Voyage to the Island of Love, V. K. Trediakovskii points out that two of his French poems have French sources, but does not provide the names of the authors of the texts referred to. The sources of the two poems, as established in the article, testify to his close attention to the French poetry, and make it possible to analyze the fi ner features of the assimilation and re-creation of the French texts by the Russian poet.
Inventory and certification of forestry resources in the carpathian macroregion
Authors: Osipenko Zinoviy
Published: April 2021

The author of the article proposes his own principles of organizing the process of inventory and certification of forest lands in the forestry of the Carpathian macroregion. It is a question of carrying out these actions without departmental intervention, involvement of navigation devices and equipment, restriction of intervention of the human factor, borrowing of experience of certification of the highly developed EU countries. In addition, the study substantiates the need to change the current structure of forestry lands by increasing the area of recreational, protective and conservation forests.
Mini review: The FDA-approved prescription drugs that target the MAPK signaling pathway in women with breast cancer
Authors: Khojasteh Poor Fatemeh , Keivan Mona , Ramazii Mohammad , Ghaedrahmati Farhoodeh , Anbiyaiee Amir , Panahandeh Samira , Khoshnam Seyed Esmaeil , Farzaneh Maryam
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and the prevalent type of malignancy among women. Multiple risk factors, including genetic changes, biological age, dense breast tissue, and obesity are associated with BC. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway has a pivotal role in regulating biological functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and survival. It has become evident that the MAPK pathway is associated with tumorigenesis and may promote breast cancer development. The MAPK/RAS/RAF cascade is closely associated with breast cancer. RAS signaling can enhance BC cell growth and progression. B-Raf is an important kinase and a potent RAF isoform involved in breast tumor initiation and differentiation. Depending on the reasons for cancer, there are different strategies for treatment of women with BC. Till now, several FDA-approved treatments have been investigated that inhibit the MAPK pathway and reduce metastatic progression in breast cancer. The most common breast cancer drugs that regulate or inhibit the MAPK pathway may include Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs), Sorafenib, Vemurafenib, PLX8394, Dabrafenib, Ulixertinib, Simvastatin, Alisertib, and Teriflunomide. In this review, we will discuss the roles of the MAPK/RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in BC and summarize the FDA-approved prescription drugs that target the MAPK signaling pathway in women with BC.
Three plasma-based microRNAs as potent diagnostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer
Authors: Fan Xingchen , Cao Minmin , Liu Cheng , Zhang Cheng , Li Chunyu , Cheng Wenfang , Zhang Shiyu , Zhang Huo , Zhu Wei
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), with noticeable stability and unique expression pattern in plasma of patients with various diseases, are powerful non-invasive biomarkers for cancer detection including endometrial cancer (EC). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify promising miRNA biomarkers in plasma to assist the clinical screening of EC. METHODS: A total of 93 EC and 79 normal control (NC) plasma samples were analyzed using Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) in this four-stage experiment. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic value. Additionally, the expression features of the identified miRNAs were further explored in tissues and plasma exosomes samples. RESULTS: The expression of miR-142-3p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-151a-5p was significantly overexpressed in the plasma of EC patients compared with NCs. Areas under the ROC curve of the 3-miRNA signature were 0.729, 0.751, and 0.789 for the training, testing, and external validation phases, respectively. The diagnostic performance of the identified signature proved to be stable in the three public datasets and superior to the other miRNA biomarkers in EC diagnosis. Moreover, the expression of miR-151a-5p was significantly elevated in EC plasma exosomes. CONCLUSIONS: A signature consisting of 3 plasma miRNAs was identified and showed potential for the non-invasive diagnosis of EC.
Prognostic role of pretreatment lung immune prognostic index in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer treated with platinum plus etoposide chemotherapy
Authors: Qi Weixiang , Zhao Shengguang , Chen Jiayi
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: To investigate the prognostic role of lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients treated with platinum plus etoposide chemotherapy. METHODS: Data were obtained from two randomized controlled trials (NCT00119613 and NCT00363415). Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed according to LIPI score through Kaplan-Meier analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox-regression analysis were performed to investigate predictors for OS and PFS. RESULTS: A total of 911 patients with ES-SCLC treated with platinum plus etoposide chemotherapy (CT) were included for analysis. The median age at diagnosis was 62 years, and 760 (83.4%) had performance status of 1 or less. 1-year OS for ES-SCLC with poor, intermediate, and good LIPI was 20%, 30% and 31%, respectively, and 1-year PFS was 7%, 15% and 21%, respectively. Cox-regression analysis showed that the PFS and OS of ES-SCLC with a poor LIPI score was significantly worse than those with good LIPI scores (HR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.38–2.36; p< 0.001 and HR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.07–1.72, p= 0.012), while no significant difference was observed between intermediate and poor LIPI groups in terms of OS (HR 1.01, 95% CI: 0.82–1.23, p= 0.82), but not for PFS (HR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.00–1.61, p= 0.048). In addition, LIPI score was significantly associated with disease control rate and objective response rate (both p< 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Prognosis of patients with pretreatment LIPI score of 2 is poorer than those with LIPI score of 0–1 among ES-SCLC who received first-line platinum plus etoposide chemotherapy; Further studies are still recommended to confirm our findings in prospective studies.