bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey on Cloud Robotics and Robot Operating System
Authors: Sanghvi Karan , Shah Pratik
Published: December 2021

The paper proposes cloud robotics which intends five parts which are for software architecture, trends and challenges, design based on a web technology, cloud computing platforms and cloud robotics in practical smart city applications. Software architecture involves lots of different cloud technologies like cloud storage and shared services for robotics for Robot Operating System. There are lots of trends in cloud robotics as it uses cloud technologies for robotics. The use of the cloud for automation brings some largely ameliorating the performance of robotics. Besides, the trends, there are some challenges in cloud robotics. Robot Operating System has been a standard tool in the design for cloud robotics. It always runs at the on-board computer but some resources of CPU do not allow the ability of robotics. In this problem, a good solution is to transfer the task to the cloud. Hence, the design of a cloud robotics middleware is based on web technology. Robotics with cloud computing gives lots of research scopes and research fields. In Smart City Applications, Real-Time Cloud Robotics is present. Real Time Cloud Robotics has emerged as an efficient computing means in data processing applications. By this we introduce CR20 cloud robotics platform that uses real time stream technology virtually to connect to different devices.
Modelado de un AGV híbrido triciclo-diferencial
Authors: Sánchez Roberto , Sierra-García Jesús Enrique , Santos Matilde
Published: December 2021

En el ámbito industrial se utilizan con frecuencia Vehículos de Guiado Automático (AGV) para el transporte de mercancía puntual, normalmente sustituyendo a los medios de transporte manuales o a las cintas transportadoras, para así reducir costes operativos y errores humanos. Para aumentar el rendimiento de estos sistemas industriales y que puedan realizar funcionalidades más avanzadas, es fundamental desarrollar modelos orientados al control que permitan probar nuevas estrategias y técnicas de control que los hagan más eficientes y seguros. Para ello, en este trabajo se desarrolla un modelo cinemático y dinámico orientado al control de un AGV. El principal objetivo del trabajo es conseguir una representación matemática de la compleja dinámica del AGV Easybot, un vehículo híbrido triciclo-diferencial, que permita estudiar los efectos de carga remolcada y la interacción rueda-suelo. Para ello se ha desarrollado el modelo cinemático de la parte diferencial y del triciclo, y se han combinado ambos entre sí y con el desarrollo de la dinámica del vehículo. Se ha descompuesto el AGV en sus distintos módulos y se han aplicado las ecuaciones de Newton-Euler para obtener las ecuaciones de su comportamiento dinámico. El modelo se ha validado en simulación para diferentes trayectorias, variando la carga y la velocidad.
Control mediante rechazo activo de perturbaciones de la temperatura de un módulo termoeléctrico
Authors: Barahona-Avalos Jorge Luis , Juárez-Abad José Antonio , Galván-Cruz G. S. , Linares-Flores Jesús
Published: December 2021

Este artículo presenta una aproximación mediante rechazo activo de perturbaciones para controlar, de manera indirecta, la temperatura de la cara fría de un módulo termoeléctrico alimentado por un convertidor CD-CD tipo reductor. La dinámica del módulo, es vista como una perturbación de naturaleza desconocida y variante en el tiempo, del voltaje de salida del convertidor. Dicha perturbación es estimada mediante un observador de tipo proporcional integral generalizado, el cual en combinación con el controlador permite regular la temperatura en la cara fría del módulo termoeléctrico a un valor constante deseado. El observador diseñado estima de manera simultánea el voltaje de salida del convertidor reductor y la perturbación exógena en un esquema de cancelación en línea, conocido como control mediante rechazo activo de perturbaciones. Para propósitos de comparación, se diseñan un controlador de tipo proporcional integral y un regulador cuadrático lineal, sobre la base de una linealización aproximada del modelo dinámico combinado del convertidor reductor y del módulo. Los resultados  experimentales que se obtuvieron mediante un prototipo experimental, permiten mostrar la efectividad de la técnica de control propuesta para este tipo de dispositivos termoeléctricos.
Control mixto para el seguimiento de trayectoria en buques marinos
Authors: Vacca Sisterna Carlos , Serrano Emanuel , Scaglia Gustavo , Rossomando Francisco
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo muestra el diseño de un controlador adaptable para un buque marino; la estrategia de control que se propone es la aplicación de un controlador basado en álgebra lineal para la cinemática y una técnica de control adaptable para la parte dinámica del buque. El controlador basado en álgebra lineal (LABC) para cinemática recibe las referencias de posición deseadas y esto genera otro par de velocidad de referencia para el controlador adaptable (dinámico). El objetivo principal de la aplicación de la técnica de control adaptable se presenta en el caso de que la masa del buque varíe con su trayectoria (por ejemplo, buque pesquero, buque de reabastecimiento de combustible, etc.) donde el controlador adaptable ajusta sus parámetros mediante la ley de adaptación, que a su vez genera una acción de control que compensa las variaciones dinámicas del buque. Además, este trabajo presenta el análisis de estabilidad y la ley de ajuste adaptable basada en la teoría de Lyapunov. Los resultados de simulación muestran que el sistema puede seguir las señales de referencia con un error muy bajo aún en presencia de incertidumbre.
Alle Jahre wieder: Unsere Geschenketipps
Authors: Bönsch Regine
Published: December 2021

Es weihnachtet sehr, Teil 2: Was für die Ohren, was für die Seele, etwas fürs Fahrrad oder auch fürs Wohnzimmer – die Palette an möglichen Weihnachtsgeschenken mit einem Hauch von Technik kann so bunt sein. In diesem Sinne wünscht Ihnen die Redaktion: Viel Spaß beim Päckchenpacken!
Fleischpreise sorgen für Ärger
Authors: Lenders Dirk
Published: December 2021

Zwischen den Schweinehaltern und den Schlachtunternehmen gibt es Knatsch um den Preis fürs Schlachtschwein. Für Unverständnis sorgen zudem Preissenkungen für Wurst. Aldi sieht darin jedoch eine Hilfe für die Lieferanten.
Influencer-Einfluss wird messbar
Authors: Rentz Ingo
Published: December 2021

Likes, Shares, Kommentare: Das sind die simpelsten KPIs, nach denen sich Influencer-Kampagnen bewerten lassen. Doch vielen Werbungtreibenden reicht das nicht mehr. Crossmedia will diesen Bedarf nun bedienen.
Wassersensible Stadtentwicklung in Berlin
Authors: Glase Doris , Kummelt Agnes , Nickel Darla , Rehfeld-Klein Matthias , Richter Sanna , Sieker Carin , Sohrt Jakob , Stock Heike
Published: December 2021

Aktueller Stand und Ausblick: Eine wassersensible Stadtentwicklung in Zeiten von Klimawandel erfordert eine neue Praxis in der Gestaltung bzw. Umgestaltung von urbanen Räumen mit dem Ziel, dem Wasser in der Stadt eine zentrale Bedeutung zu geben und es intelligent zu nutzen.
Ströme der Erde – Teil 6: Der Po
Authors: Berger Wolfgang
Published: December 2021

Der Po entspringt in den Cottischen Alpen, nahe der Grenze zu Frankreich. Der Fluss wird in enger Verbindung mit Turin, der Hauptstadt des Piemont, genannt. Das Einzugsgebiet des Stroms ist dicht besiedelt.
TRASTORNOS RESPIRATORIOS EN NIÑOS CON SÍNDROME DE DOWN
Authors: Campos Carolina
Published: December 2021

Los problemas respiratorios en niños con Síndrome de Down (SD) son frecuentes y muchos de ellos subdiagnosticados siendo los más habituales los trastornos respiratorios del sueño, infecciones respiratorias y sibilancias recurrentes. Los niños con SD, además, tienen condiciones asociadas que contribuyen a sus problemas respiratorios recurrentes, como hipotonía, alteraciones inmunes, cardiopatías congénitas y reflujo gastroesofágico. Se debe tener un adecuado conocimiento de todas las posibles causas de patología respiratoria en niños con SD, para hacer un adecuado diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de las complicaciones.
UTILIDAD DE LA REACCIÓN DE TUBERCULINA
Authors: Couto Sant'Anna Clemax
Published: December 2021

La reacción tuberculina (RT) es una prueba cutánea que emplea el derivado proteico purificado de Mycobacterium tuberculosis o PPD. Desde 1955 ha sido considerada estándar para identificar personas infectadas por el bacilo de la tuberculosis por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Sin embargo, otras pruebas inmunológicas que miden la producción de interferon gama (IGRAs) por las células del individuo con infección latente de TB (ILTB) se han empleado como sucedáneas de la RT, a pesar de presentar ciertas restricciones. La OMS ha hecho diversas recomendaciones para la conducta preventiva en casos de ILTB que de alguna forma buscan suplantar la falta universal de PPD desde 2014. Algunas perspectivas de identificar personas con ILTB sin contar con el PPD reiteran todavía la importancia de la RT en muchos países.
TRATAMIENTO DE FIBROSIS QUÍSTICA: PASADO Y PRESENTE
Authors: Pizarro María Ester , Espinoza-Palma Tatiana
Published: December 2021

El tratamiento de la fibrosis quística es hoy en día principalmente sintomático. Sin embargo, están apareciendo resultados positivos en la farmacoterapia, la cual busca corregir la expresión del defecto genético. Dado la baja prevalencia de la enfermedad y su tratamiento tan específico es muy importante contar con un centro especializado para su manejo a fin de otorgar una alta calidad de atención. Para este centro se requiere un equipo multidisciplinario que involucre a la familia y el paciente. Siguen siendo de vital importancia el soporte nutricional, el tratamiento antibiótico precoz y agresivo y la eliminación de las secreciones de la vía aérea.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Zenteno A Daniel
Published: December 2021

N/A
Bronquio traqueal
Authors: Pérez José Luis , Caussade Solange
Published: December 2021

El bronquio traqueal es considerado como una variante anatómica o malformación bronquial. Sus manifestaciones clínicas son infrecuentes, y se deben a una falla para el adecuado drenaje de secreciones bronquiales. Anatómica­mente puede tratarse de un bronquio supernumerario o ectópico. Su diagnóstico se realiza mediante imágenes y visualización directa de la vía aérea. En general su tratamiento es expectante.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Zenteno Daniel , Abara Selim
Published: December 2021

N/A
Compromiso respiratorio en mucopolisacaridosis
Authors: Hernández Jury
Published: December 2021

Las Mucopoliscaridosis (MPS) son parte de las denominadas enfermedades lisosomales. El depósito de los distintos glicosaminoglicanos comprometidos, dependiendo del déficit enzimático, genera manifestaciones multisistémicas, en donde el sistema respiratorio es uno de los principales afectados y que se asocia con morbilidad y mortalidad significativa. Los diferentes tipos de MPS presentan un grado variable de compromiso desde etapas precoces de la vida, síntomas de obstrucción de vía aérea superior de grado variable, rinorrea persistente, otitis media, patología obstructiva de vía aérea periférica, neumonías o infecciones asociadas a un mal drenaje mucociliar son las principales manifestaciones que los pacientes presentan. El compromiso neurológico y musculo esquelético, trae consigo además el compromiso de la bomba respiratoria. Desde esa perspectiva el enfoque debe ser multidisciplinario, ya que el compromiso abarca varios órganos y sistemas. Las actuales terapias están dirigidas a reemplazar la enzima deficitaria, disponibles sólo para algunas de ellas, esto trae consigo el retardo de la evolución de la enfermedad pero no lo evita, considerando que más aun no tiene ningún efecto sobre el sistema nervioso central, por lo que el compromiso cognitivo es inevitable. El trasplante de médula es una terapia no exenta de complicaciones, pero que es capaz de cambiar la progresión de la enfermedad en las etapas precoces de ella. El enfoque terapéutico se basa en terapia de sostén y el manejo de las distintas complicaciones que se van dando, siendo éstos los ejes del siguiente artículo.
Diferencias en la realización e interpretación de la espirometría del preescolar y en el niño mayor
Authors: Linares Marcela
Published: December 2021

Para que la espirometría sea válida, debe cumplir con los criterios establecidos en estandarizaciones internaciona­les, las que clásicamente están descriptas para ser aplicadas a partir de los 6 años. En los últimos años, han surgido numerosas publicaciones que demuestran que la espirometría puede ser realizada en preescolares, siempre que se adapten las exigencias a este grupo etario. Se describen las diferencias entre el niño preescolar y el niño mayor de 6 años, para realizar e interpretar la espirometría.
Infrastructure
Authors: Bokov Andrey
Published: December 2021

The history of cultural space is viewed as a history of constant and necessary modernization of infrastructure. The main feature of infrastructure is the network organization and the constructive role of hub-nodes and connections and their bent for rationalization and transnational trends. The power, directions and goals of infrastructure determine the development of cities. Modern strategies for general social development imply the emergence of efficient communication corridors, highway networks and hubs located along the perimeter of the country, determining the country’s gravitation toward global connections and interactions. The development of quality infrastructure is a contribution to the future and an area of the authorities’ responsibility.
The first open public space in Krasnoyarsk
Authors: Blyankinshtein Olga , Popkova Natalya
Published: December 2021

Krasnoyarsk parks are studied in the general system of green areas of the city. The Central Park of Krasnoyarsk is analyzed in detail, its evolution is traced through its periods. The planning, landscape and architectural-spatial transformations of the garden-park territory have been studied and illustrated. The prospects for the development of the park are outlined on the basis of a review of project proposals and the results of an Open International Competition for the development concept of Gorky Central Park in Krasnoyarsk in 2020. The principles of a good park have been formulated.
Landscape code for therapeutic gardens and therapeutic landscapes
Authors: Krasilnikova Elina , Zhuravleva Inna , Zaika Inna
Published: December 2021

The creation of therapeutic gardens and therapeutic landscapes in the structure of landscaping of hospitals and clinics is an important direction in the formation of the landscape and urban planning framework of cities to avoid the consequences of the pandemic. The landscape code of therapeutic gardens and therapeutic landscapes is scientifically grounded practical guidelines for the architectural and landscape design of the territories of healthcare facilities.
Nikitin's acquittal
Authors: Ivanova Alina , Bazilevich Mikhail
Published: December 2021

The article reflects the results of the research carried out by the authors in the framework of the scientific project: "Architects and engineers of the eastern outskirts of Russia (second half of the XIX - early XX century)". The legacy of the city architect Nikitin (6 surviving buildings) is considered. Descriptions and stylistic analysis of objects are given, a conclusion is made about the broadest creative range of the provincial architect.
Analysis of the NASA-POWER system for estimating reference evapotranspiration in the Comarca Lagunera, Mexico
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Relación Agua-Suelo-Planta-Atmósfera, Jiménez-Jiménez Sergio Iván , Ojeda-Bustamante Waldo ,   Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Inzunza-Ibarra Marco Antonio ,   Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Relación Agua-Suelo-Planta-Atmósfera, Marcial-Pablo Mariana de Jesús ,   Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Relación Agua-Suelo-Planta-Atmósfera
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (PM) is one of the most solid and commonly used methods for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETo); however, it requires meteorological data that are not always available, so an alternative is the use of reanalysis data. Objective: To estimate the error that the NASA-POWER (NP) system data can generate in the ETo of the Comarca Lagunera, Mexico. Methodology: Daily and decadal average ETo were estimated in five different ways. In each case, a different method was used to estimate ETo (FAO-56 PM or Hargreaves and Samani [HS]) and a different meteorological data source (measured, NP data or combination of both). Results: NP data can be used to provide temperature, solar radiation and relative humidity variables, but not wind speed. The NP data overestimate the measured ETo, an RMSE of 1.15 and 0.89 mm∙d-1 was found for daily and decadal periods, respectively. Limitations of the study: A grid error analysis could not be carried out because the number of stations is limited. Originality: The use of reanalysis data to estimate ETo has not been analyzed locally. Conclusion: When measured data are not available, NP data and the HS equation can be used. When using the FAO-56 PM method and NP data, the in situ wind speed must be available.
Agricultural tractor slippage measurement system using encoders
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, García-Rivera Gerónimo , Cadena-Zapata Martín ,   Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, López-López Juan Antonio ,   Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, López-López Gilbert Fresh ,   Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Campo-Magaña Santos Gabriel ,   Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Zermeño-González Alejandro ,   Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Gutiérrez-Flores Hugo ,   Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Slippage is usually measured with a standard manual method, however, if it is required slippage information inline in extensive areas of cropland, mechanical and electronic equipment have to be developed. Objective: To design, assemble and evaluate (in laboratory and under field conditions) an encoder-based slippage measurement system. Methodology: The system was integrated and tested in the laboratory, where equations were generated to calculate the slippage. The system was installed in an agricultural tractor and its performance was evaluated on an asphalt track and working with tillage implements on various soil conditions. Results: The values obtained with the manual method and the encoder-based method showed very small differences. The results of field evaluation of the system are in congruence with the type of implement and with the moisture content in the soil. This indicates that the measurement of distances by the wheel turns and the calculation of the percentage of slippage are correct. Study limitations: The system was tested in short runs (up to 100 m). Still to be tested in at least 1 ha. Originality: Automated slippage measurement in extended crop areas. Conclusions: The slippage measurement system based on encoders is reliable for automatically measuring the slippage of agricultural tractor in different field conditions.
PEPE ÇİZGİ DİZİSİNİN TÜRK MÜZİK KÜLTÜRÜ AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BAĞI Resul
Published: December 2021

Modern bilgisayar animasyon teknolojisindeki gelişmeler, Türkiye’de önemli ölçüde yerel müzikli animasyon çizgi film üretimiyle sonuçlanmıştır. Çizgi filmlerin çocukların davranışları üzerinde belirli bir olumsuz etkisi olsa da, bazıları ahlaki ve kültürel değer unsurları geliştirecek unsurlar da içermektedir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada Türk müzik kültürü içeren animasyon çizgi filmi Pepe’deki türkü ve halk oyunları ifadeleri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Aynı zamanda Pepe çizgi dizisindeki değer unsurlarının keşfedilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Çocuklara kültürel dokunun sözel kültür ve söylem ile anlatılması geçici öğrenme yaratabilir. Oysaki animasyon aracılığıyla anlatılan değerlerde kalıcı iz oluşma ihtimali daha yüksektir. Halk müziği, halk oyunları, deyimler, atasözleri ve maniler gibi kültür unsurlarının animasyonlar ve çizgi filmler aracılığıyla çocuklara aktarılması kalıcı izli öğrenmeler meydana getirir. Bununla birlikte Türk müzik kültürünün 0-6 yaş çocuklara öğretilmesi ve Türk halk oyunlarının çocukların bilinçaltına işlenmesi amacıyla Türk kültürünün çizgi film teknolojisi ile desteklenebileceğini görmekteyiz.

Pepe çizgi filmi genel olarak eğitimin değerini anlamayı, topluluk ruhu duygusunu geliştirmeyi, sevgiyi geliştirmeyi ve çocukların birbirleriyle iyi ilişkiler kurmasını öğretir. Pepe çizgi filmlerinde gösterilen Türk halk müziği ve halk oyunları incelenmiştir. Veriler, çizgi filmin şarkılarında bulunan asil değerlerin gözden geçirilmesi ve işaretlenmesi yoluyla toplanmış ve işlenmiştir.

Bu çalışmada, çizgi filmlerin çocuklarda müzik kültürünü geliştirmeye nasıl yardımcı olduğu konusundaki anlayışımızı geliştirebileceği öngörülmüştür. Sonuç olarak Türk kültürünün korunmasında ve gelecek kuşaklarımıza aktarılmasında özellikle çizgi film animasyonlarının kullanılması ve bu animasyonlarda Türkülerin ve halk oyunlarının kullanılması değerlerin aktarımında önemli bir faktördür.
“SAHADA FOLKLOR DERLEME METOTLARI” KİTABI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: İNCE Kenan Serhat , MADZHIDOV Mihriban
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada, Kenneth S. Goldstein ‘in asıl adı “A Guide for Field Workers in Folklore” olan doktora tezinin, 1977 yılında Prof. Dr. Ahmet E. Uysal tarafından Türkçeye çevrilen “Sahada Folklor Derleme Metotları” isimli kitabı incelenmiştir. Alan araştırmasını gerçekleştirmek için derleme metotlarının belirlenmesi bir derlemeci için önemli bir adımdır. Derlemeci folklor malzemesine ulaşmak için çalıştığı bölge ile ilgili yazılı kaynaklardan yararlanabilmektedir. Ancak bazı folklor bilgilerine erişmek için saha çalışması yapmak gerekmektedir. Yapılan saha çalışmalarında derlemecinin hangi metotları kullandığı oldukça önemlidir. Bu metotlar, çalışma yapılan bölgeye ve konuya göre değişkenlik gösterse dahi temel anlamda bazı yöntemler vardır ki bunlar her derlemecinin kullandığı metotlar olarak düşünülmektedir. “Sahada Folklor Derleme Metotları” isimli eser, derlemecinin bu metotları kendi yöntemleri ve tecrübeleriyle yeniden tayin edebileceğine dikkat çekmektedir ve Goldstein’in kendi saha çalışmaları sunucunda edindiği tecrübelerle oluşturduğu metotlardan oluşmaktadır ve çalışma sahada derleme çalışması yapan bir folklorcu için temel bilgileri içeren bir metot kitabı olarak görülebilmektedir. Kenneth Goldstein’in A.B.D. ve İskoçya’ da yaptığı saha çalışmaları sonucunda ortaya çıkardığı derleme metotlarından oluşan bu kitap, bir folklorcunun sahaya çıkmadan önce yapması gereken hazırlıların en temelinden başlayarak derlemecinin çalışacağı alan ile ilgili yazılı kaynakları incelemesine, başka bir derlemeci aynı alanda çalıştıysa o derlemeci ile görüşmesine, alan araştırmasına çıkarken konaklama yerine, giyimine, kaynak kişilerle olan iletişimine dahi dikkat çekerek alan araştırmasının son aşamasına kadar her ayrıntıyı ele almaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, “Sahada Folklor Derleme Metotları” isimli eserde geçen derleme metotlarının günümüzde kullanılması ve farklı coğrafyalarda uygulanması açsından ele almaktır.
Geleneksel Sistemlerden Sürdürülebilir Akıllı Sistemlere Geçiş ve Model Önerisi
Authors: ZEYBEK Murat Batuhan , TOKMAN Leyla
Published: December 2021

İnsanlığın günden güne değişen yaşam şartları, yeni talepleri meydana getirmektedir. Bu talepleri karşılayabilmek adına doğal kaynakların aşırı şekilde kullanılmaya çalışılması hem bu kaynakları hem de doğayı her geçen gün artan bir baskı ile karşı karşıya bırakmıştır. Doğada bulunan kaynakların azalmasının etkileri çeşitli durumlarla (ozon tabakasının incelmesi, ekolojik değişimler, türlerin yok olması vb.) insanlığın karşısına çıkmakta ve insanlığı tehdit etmektedir. Bu durumun altyapısını hazırlayan belli başlı nedenler bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenlerden birisi de hiç şüphesiz yapım faaliyetlerinin yer aldığı inşaat sektörüdür. İnşaat sektörü çok farklı parametreleri olan çok boyutlu ve farklı beklentileri bünyesinde barındırabilen bir sektördür. Teknolojinin gelişmesi ve yaşam kalite standartlarının yükselmesi inşaat sektörüne büyük bir ivme kazandırmıştır. Sayıları hızla artan konutların paralelinde kaynak kullanımı da hızla artmıştır. Bu noktada konutlarda beklentilerde artan ekolojik sorunlar nedeniyle değişmekte ve mevcut konut stoklarının da bu değişimlere katılması beklenmektedir. Artan ekolojik sorunlar karşısında yapıların tasarım aşamasından, uygulama aşamasına hatta bakım- onarım- yıkım aşamasına kadar çevresine duyarlı verimi yüksek ve sürdürülebilir parametrelere sahip binalar olması gerekmektedir. Tam bu noktada çalışmanın hedefi çevreye etkisi yüksek, bulunduğu yere ve döneme cevap veremeyen ve verimi düşük konut stoklarının, dünyadan örnekler incelenerek ve yabancı kaynaklar taranarak, elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda hazırlanan ‘‘Akıllı Model Önerisi’’ ile büyük bir ekonomik yük gerektirmeden ve bu yapı stoklarının yıkılmadan, çevreye duyarlı, bulunduğu çağın teknolojisini kullanabilen, verimi yüksek sürdürülebilir niteliklere sahip olabilecek binalara dönüştürülmesini amaçlayan bir yaklaşımı ortaya koymaktır.
Main Problems Encountered in Green Field Facility and Solution Suggestions in Turkey
Authors: YILMAZ Mustafa
Published: December 2021

In this article, essential questions and solutions in turf management practices encountered in Turkey were discussed. It is a fact that turf culture gained significance in the country during recent years. However, there are many handycaps in turf establishment and management activities in this sector. Since the proper techniques are not imposed during turf studies, turf areas are lost in a very short period of time deteriorated. Main problems are; lack of experienced stuff, lack of infrastructure, effect of different ecologies, failures in genus and species preferences, over use of seed supplies, lack of high quality seed sources, lack of maintanence measures.
BIOSIGNALS-BASED AIR TREATMENT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR NEUROVEGETATIVE PATIENTS
Authors:   Automatic Control, Computers and Electronics Department/Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, Romania, Bala Ștefan-Radu , Banu Ionuț ,   Automatic Control, Computers and Electronics Department/Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, Romania (student), Cîmpeanu Tania-Ioana ,   Automatic Control, Computers and Electronics Department/Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, Romania (student), Duță Bogdan-Gabriel ,   Automatic Control, Computers and Electronics Department/Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, Romania (student), bogdangabriel_duta@yahoo.com
Published: December 2021

The global epidemic of COVID-19 has highlighted a not obvious weakness of the medical system, namely establishing a favorable environment that can also contribute to the recovery process. This has led to many medical complications and the gravity of this situation could be mitigated by simply implementing an automatic system for monitoring and adjusting environmental parameters. The paper highlights how the bio signals sampled by the sensors will be used for the calibration of the heating ventilation air conditioning control system and maintain the optimal parameters both in terms of temperature and humidity, which will prevent the development and transmission of microbes, while the ECG device and the EMG signal amplifier will help with the monitoring of the neurovegetative patients.
Five satellite sensor study of the rapid decline of wildfire smoke in the stratosphere
Authors: Martinsson Bengt G. , Friberg Johan , Sandvik Oscar S. , Sporre Moa K.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Smoke from Western North American wildfires reached the stratosphere in large amounts in August 2017. Limb-oriented satellite-based sensors are commonly used for studies of wildfire aerosol injected into the stratosphere (OMPS-LP (Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler) and SAGE III/ISS (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on the International Space Station)). We find that these methods are inadequate for studies the first 1–2 months after such a strong fire event due to event termination (“saturation”). The nadir-viewing lidar CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) is less affected due to shorter path in the smoke, and, further, provides means that we could use to develop a method to correct for strong attenuation of the signal. After the initial phase, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) from OMPS-LP and CALOP show very good agreement above the 380 K isentrope, whereas the OMPS-LP tends to produce higher AOD than CALIOP in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS), probably due to reduced sensitivity at altitudes below 17 km. Time series from CALIOP of attenuation-corrected stratospheric AOD of wildfire smoke show an exponential decline during the first month after the fire, which coincides with highly significant changes in the wildfire aerosol optical properties. The AOD decline is verified by the evolution of the smoke layer composition, comparing the aerosol scattering ratio (CALIOP) to the water vapor concentration from MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder). Initially the stratospheric wildfire smoke AOD is comparable with the most important volcanic eruptions during the last 25 years. Wildfire aerosol declines much faster, 80–90 % of the AOD is removed with a half-life of approximately 10 days. We hypothesize that this dramatic decline is caused by photolytic loss. This process is rarely observed in the atmosphere. However, in the stratosphere this process can be studied with practically no influence from wet deposition, in contrast to the troposphere where this is the main removal path of sub-micron aerosol particles. Despite the loss, the aerosol particles from wildfire smoke in the stratosphere are relevant for the climate.
Changes in satellite retrievals of atmospheric composition over eastern China during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns
Authors: Field Robert D. , Hickman Jonathan E. , Geogdzhayev Igor V. , Tsigaridis Kostas , Bauer Susanne E.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. We examined daily level-3 satellite retrievals of Atmospheric
Infrared Sounder (AIRS) CO, Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) SO2 and NO2, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) over eastern China to understand how
COVID-19 lockdowns affected atmospheric composition. Changes in 2020 were strongly dependent on the choice of background period since 2005 and
whether trends in atmospheric composition were accounted for. Over central east China during the 23 January–8 April lockdown window, CO in 2020 was
between 3 % and 12 % lower than average depending on the background period. The 2020 CO was not consistently less than expected from trends
beginning between 2005 and 2016 and ending in 2019 but was 3 %–4 % lower than the background mean during the 2017–2019 period when CO
changes had flattened. Similarly for AOD, 2020 was between 14 % and 30 % lower than averages beginning in 2005 and 14 %–17 % lower
compared to different background means beginning in 2016. NO2 in 2020 was between 30 % and 43 % lower than the mean over different
background periods and between 17 % and 33 % lower than what would be expected for trends beginning later than 2011. Relative to the
2016–2019 period when NO2 had flattened, 2020 was 30 %–33 % lower. Over southern China, 2020 NO2 was between 23 %
and 27 % lower than different background means beginning in 2013, the beginning of a period of persistently lower NO2. CO over
southern China was significantly higher in 2020 than what would be expected, which we suggest was partly because of an active fire season in
neighboring countries. Over central east and southern China, 2020 SO2 was higher than expected, but this depended strongly on how daily
regional values were calculated from individual retrievals and reflects background values approaching the retrieval detection limit. Future work
over China, or other regions, needs to take into account the sensitivity of differences in 2020 to different background periods and trends in order
to separate the effects of COVID-19 on air quality from previously occurring changes or from variability in other sources.
A novel Technique for Improving the Angular Accuracy of Doppler VOR Receivers
Authors: Schubert Karsten , Werner Jens , Wellhausen Jens
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Doppler VOR (D-VOR) transmitters are used as navigation aids in aviation. They transmit an omnidirectional phase reference in an amplitude-modulated (AM) sideband and directional phase information on a frequency-modulated (FM) subcarrier. In an airborne D-VOR navigation receiver, a directional information (azimuth angle) related to the position of the aircraft and the location of the transmitter can be derived from the difference of these two phase signals.
In this work, the accuracy of AM and FM phase signals is firstly investigated analytically and afterwards verified by measurements.
It will be shown that in established procedures, phase inaccuracy is dominated by the AM signal, since the FM signal is about 21 dB less noisy.
Subsequently, a novel method is presented that improves the accuracy of the azimuth angle by orders of magnitude in case of D-VOR transmitters. This new method inherently reduces noise of the AM phase and thus yields a significant increase in accuracy. As a result, the remaining FM phase uncertainty becomes dominant for the total uncertainty of the bearing indication.
Finally, the application of the new method to real measured signals confirms the theoretical expectations.
3D Contour Shaping of Buried Objects in Soil
Authors: Siebauer Christian , Garbe Heyno
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The basic question of this paper was, whether a detected anomaly found in the ground during an explosives disposal process is actually a non-detonated bomb or non-dangerous metallic scrap.
Based on a borehole radar, an approach is to be presented in which first a 2-dimensional contour of the object is created with the aid of a spatial runtime evaluation.
By repeating this step at different depths with subsequent graphic overlay, a 3D shape of the buried object is created.
The method is first tested using a simulation model with inhomogeneous soil.
In the second step the method will be applied and evaluated using a field measurement of a real object.
The results shows that both 2D and 3D evaluations reflect the position and orientation of the object.
Furthermore, the shape and the dimensions can be estimated, with the restriction that the 3D contour has distortions along the vertical axis.
The aim of this work is to show an application of borehole radar, with which the identification of buried objects should be facilitated.
Simulation of GPS localisation based on ray tracing
Authors: Friebel Björn , Schweins Michael , Dreyer Nils , Kürner Thomas
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In recent years, many simulation tools emerged to model the communication of connected vehicles.
Thereby, the focus was put on channel modelling, applications or protocols while the localisation due to satellite navigation systems was treated as perfect.
The effect of inaccurate positioning, however, was neglected so far.
This paper presents an approach to extend an existing simulation framework for radio networks to estimate the localisation accuracy by navigation systems like GPS, GLONASS or Galileo.
Therefore the error due multipath components is calculated by ray optical path loss predictions (ray tracing) considering 3D building data together with a well-established model for the ionospheric error.
100 Years of Wireless Telephony in Germany: Experimental Radio Transmission from Eberswalde and Königs Wusterhausen
Authors: Mathis Wolfgang , Titze Anja
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In this contribution, we examine the development of radio technology before 1921 and the emergence of the broadcasting concept during the World War I. We consider in detail the experiments in the transmitter stations located in Eberswalde and Königs Wusterhausen and numerous sources in order to assess the importance of their work. We also discuss the question of whether the medium of broadcasting (“Rundfunk”) started in Germany (or even in Europe) 100 years ago in one of these transmitter stations.
Towards a new ground snow-load map for structural design in Germany
Authors: Castino Fabiana , Wichura Bodo
Published: December 2021

The current European standard for snow loads on structures relies on characteristic values (i.e., snow loads with an annual probability of exceedance of 0.02 and referred to as the 50-year mean return levels) derived for Germany in 2005 using about 350 snow water-equivalent (SWE) time series from ground stations operated by the German National Weather Service (DWD) [DIN EN 1991-1-3/NA:2019-04, 2019]. Here we present a methodology for generating a new ground snow-loads map for Germany, which aims at improving the relative coarse spatial resolution and reducing uncertainties and inconsistencies at national borders of the actual standard. Our methodology is based on (1) high-quality and homogeneous snow-cover time series, including both daily snow-depth (from about 6000 stations in Germany and in neighbouring countries) and three-weekly water-equivalent observation (from about 103 German stations) over the period from 1950 to 2020, (2) an integrated model combining an empirical regression model for snow bulk density and the semi-empirical multi-level ΔSNOW model for generating accurate daily SWE values from 6000 snow-depth time series [Castino et al., 2022], (3) the spatial interpolation of both daily snow-depth and modelled-SWE time series using a universal-kriging method to generate high spatial-resolution (~1km2) rasterised daily snow loads over the period from 1950 to 2020, and (4) the extreme value analysis of the rasterized daily snow loads for estimating the characteristic values at high spatial resolution for the entire German territory. The uncertainties of the obtained characteristic snow-load values will be estimated using a leave-one-out cross validation based on a selection of observed-SWE time series representative of the diversity of the regional snow climatology in Germany. Finally, the characteristic values of the snow-load map generated with this methodology will be compared with the current German standard.   

 

References

Castino, F., H. Schellander, B. Wichura, and M. Winkler (2022), SWE modelling: comparison between different approaches applied to Germany, abstract submitted to D-A-CH MeteorologieTagung - 21-25.03.2022, Leipzig.

DIN EN 1991-1-3/NA:2019-04 (2019), Nationaler Anhang - National festgelegte Parameter - Eurocode 1: Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 1-3: Allgemeine Einwirkungen - Schneelasten, edited, p. 22, Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V., Beuth-Verlag, Berlin.
Das Weltzentrums für Niederschlagsklimatologie (WZN) – globale Niederschlagsanalysen (nicht nur) für die Klimaforschung
Authors: Ziese Markus , Rustemeier Elke , Schneider Udo , Finger Peter
Published: December 2021

Das Weltzentrum für Niederschlagsklimatologie (WZN, engl. Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC)) wurde 1989 auf Anfrage der World Meteorological Organization (WMO) beim Deutschen Wetterdienst (DWD) eingerichtet und befindet sich im operationellen Betrieb. Die Aufgabe des WZN ist das Sammeln, die Prüfung und Analyse von in-situ Niederschlagsmessungen weltweit.

Die von den Lieferanten bereitgestellten Daten kommen in verschiedenen Dateiformaten an. Diese unterscheiden sich nicht nur von Lieferant zu Lieferant, sondern auch von Lieferung zu Lieferung beim selben Lieferanten. Diese Dateien müssen in ein einheitliches Format gebracht werden, damit die Daten für die weitere Verarbeitung in eine relationale Datenbank importiert werden können. Sowohl beim Umformatieren als auch beim Einbringen in die Datenbank werden die Niederschlagsdaten und Stationsmetainformationen sorgfältig kontrolliert und, wo notwendig und möglich, korrigiert. Das Datenbankmodell erlaubt die parallele Speicherung der originalen und korrigierten Daten je nach Datenlieferant, was einen Vergleich der auf verschiedenen Wegen für eine Station gelieferten Daten ermöglicht. Auf Basis dieser qualitätsgeprüften Daten erzeugt das WZN verschiedene gerasterte Niederschlagsanalysen. Bei einigen dieser Analysen wird ein weiterer Schritt der Qualitätskontrolle bei der Extraktion der Daten aus der Datenbank eingefügt.

Um die vielen verschiedenen Nutzungsanforderungen an gerasterte Datensätze erfüllen zu können, erzeugt das WZN verschiede Analyseprodukte. Diese unterscheiden sich in der Aktualität der verfügbaren Daten, und damit einhergehend in der Stationsbasis, der durchgeführten Qualitätskontrolle und räumlichen und zeitlichen Auflösung.

Da das WZN nicht Eigentümer, sondern Nutzer der Daten, ist, stellt es nicht die Stationsdaten und Stationsmetadaten öffentlich zur Verfügung. Hingegen können die gerasterten Datensätze frei und ohne Registrierung genutzt werden. Es besteht die Möglichkeit, im Rahmen eines Gastaufenthalts beim WZN auch mit den Stationsdaten zu arbeiten.

In dem Beitrag wird auf den Aufbau, die Datenbasis und –prozessierung des WZN eingegangen und die verschiedenen verfügbaren Analyseprodukte werden mit Anwendungsbereichen vorgestellt. Einige der vorgestellten Analyseprodukte werden im Winter 2021/2022 in einer aktualisierten Version veröffentlicht.
Die Entstehung nachtleuchtender Wolken in der Mesopause
Authors: Duft Denis , Nachbar Mario , Dresch Thomas , Leisner Thomas
Published: December 2021

Die Mesopause in ca. 86km Höhe ist der kälteste Ort in der Erdatmosphäre. Insbesondere über dem Sommerpol kann die Durchschnittstemperatur bis auf 130K absinken, in den Tiefstwerten auch bis auf 100K. Trotz des in dieser Höhe sehr geringen Wasserdampfgehaltes kommt es durch die niedrigen Temperaturen zur Kondensation und damit zur Bildung von Wassereiswolken. Der Wasserdampf der Luft kondensiert dabei auf winzigen Meteorstaubpartikeln, nur wenige Nanometer großen Aerosolteilchen, die sich oberhalb der Mesopause aus dem Material verdampfter Meteore formen. Die sich bildenden Wolken, die sogenannten polaren mesosphärischen Wolken, sind die höchsten, auf der Erde vorkommenden Wassereiswolken. Sie sind typischerweise sehr dünn und bei Tageslicht mit bloßen Augen nicht zu sehen. Erst nach Sonnenuntergang, wenn die hinter dem Horizont liegende Sonne die hochliegenden Wolken noch beleuchtet, können sie vom Boden aus beobachtet werden, weshalb sie auch nachtleuchtende Wolken genannt werden. Seit ihrer erstmaligen wissenschaftlichen Erwähnung Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts blieb die Frage nach ihrer Entstehung in dieser Höhe ein Mysterium.

In diesem Beitrag beleuchten wir die außergewöhnlichen Bedingungen und Prozesse, welche zur Entstehung nachtleuchtender Wolken führen. Wir präsentieren Laborexperimente zur Untersuchung der Adsorption von Wassermolekülen auf der Oberfläche von Meteorstaubpartikeln, der Eisnukleation und zum Sättigungsdampfdruck kalter Wassereisphasen. Diese Prozesse sind für ein genaues Verständnis der Entstehung der nachtleuchtenden Wolken von entscheidender Bedeutung. Die Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass es unter den Bedingungen der polaren Sommermesopause entgegen der bisherigen Auffassung auf den Meteorstaubpartikeln nicht zur Nukleation kristallinen, sondern amorphen Eises kommt. Dieses kann dann im späteren Verlauf unter günstigen thermischen Bedingungen kristallisieren. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen auch, dass der Dampfdruck von amorphem Eis signifikant höher ist, als in bisherigen Studien vermutet wurde.
Können Vorhersagen des Verkehrsaufkommens durch Wetterinformationen verbessert werden?
Authors: Becker Nico , Rust Henning W. , Ulbrich Uwe
Published: December 2021

Das Wetter kann einen erheblichen Einfluss auf das Reiseverhalten der Menschen haben. Um diesen Zusammenhang zu quantifizieren und nutzbar zu machen, wird untersucht, ob meteorologische Variablen die Vorhersage des Verkehrsaufkommens in Deutschland verbessern können. Dazu werden stündlichen Verkehrszählungen an 1.400 Stationen an Bundesstraßen und Autobahnen verwendet, wobei zwischen Motorrädern, Pkw, Transportern und Lkw unterschieden wird. Es wird untersucht, inwieweit sich der mittlere quadratische Fehler von Poisson-Regressionsmodellen für stündliche Verkehrszählungen durch die Berücksichtigung von Niederschlag, Temperatur, Bewölkung und Windgeschwindigkeit verringert. In einem iterativen Verfahren werden den Modellen Prädiktorvariablen hinzugefügt, wenn diese den mittleren quadratischen Fehler reduzieren. 

Wir zeigen, dass insbesondere Motorradzahlen stark wetterabhängig sind. Auf Bundesstraßen reduziert sich der mittlere quadratische Fehler von Modellen für stündliche Motorradzahlen um bis zu 60%, wenn meteorologische Prädiktorvariablen zum Modell hinzugefügt werden. Eine detaillierte Analyse des Modells für Motorradzahlen zeigt nicht-lineare Beziehungen zwischen den meteorologischen Variablen und den Motorradzählungen. Für Pkw zeigt sich eine Wetterabhängigkeit insbesondere in touristischen Regionen wie Badeorten und Naturparks. Für Lieferwagen und Lkw zeigt sich nur eine geringe Wetterabhängigkeit.

Die Ergebnisse eröffnen Möglichkeiten für unterschiedliche potenzielle Anwendungen, wie z. B. die Verbesserung der Routenplanung in Navigationssystemen, die Implementierung in Verkehrsmanagementsystemen, die Vorausplanung von Besucherzahlen in touristischen Gebieten oder zur Abschätzung der Exposition in Verkehrsunfallstudien.
Arctic low-level clouds and their importance for radiative transfer simulations
Authors: Griesche Hannes , Barrientos Velasco Carola , Seifert Patric
Published: December 2021

The observation of low-level stratocumulus cloud decks in the Arctic poses challenges to ground-based remote sensing. These clouds frequently occur during summer below the lowest range gate of common zenith-pointing cloud radar instruments, like the KAZR and the Mira-35. In addition, the optical thickness of these low-level clouds often do cause a complete attenuation of the lidar beam. For remote-sensing instrument synergy retrievals, as Cloudnet (Illingworth, 2007) or ARSCL (Active Remote Sensing of Clouds, Shupe, 2007), liquid-water detection in clouds is usually based on lidar backscatter. Thus, a complete attenuation can cause misclassification of mixed-phase clouds as pure-ice clouds. Moreover, the missing cloud radar information makes it difficult to derive the cloud microphysical properties, as most common retrievals are based on cloud radar reflectivity.

A new low-level stratus detection mask (Griesche, 2020) was used to detect these clouds. The liquid-water cloud microphysical properties were derived by a simple but effective analysis of the liquid-water path. This approach was applied to remote-sensing data from a shipborne expedition performed in the Arctic summer 2017. The values calculated by applying the adjusted method improve the results of radiative transfer simulations yielding the determination of radiative closure.

 

 

Illingworth et al. (2007). “Cloudnet”. BAMS.

Shupe (2007). “A ground-based multisensor cloud phase classifier”. GRL.

Griesche et al. (2020). “Application of the shipborne remote sensing supersite OCEANET for profiling of Arctic aerosols and clouds during Polarstern cruise PS106”. AMT.