bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional structure of tundra vegetation cover dominated by sedges
Authors: Matelenok Igor , Melentyev Vladimir
Published: December 2018

Modelling of radiation transfer through natural multilayer media is relevant for many climatological, hydrological and ecological issues. The possibility of using the models is determined by the comprehensiveness of the information on the properties and structure of certain layers: ground, vegetation, atmosphere. Three-dimensional spatial organisation of tundra vegetation cover is understudied compared to vegetation structure of the boreal zone. In the scope of the research, the structure of sedge-tundra vegetation cover in the Nenets Autonomous Area and the Murmansk Region was investigated using specialised hardware-software system which allows to take photos of the cover from different angles, construct virtual three-dimensional models and obtain the values of parameters characterising the structure. The field survey of the sites was carried out in August 2016 and 2017. Phytoelement angle distributions obtained differ from standard erectophile distribution frequently used for modelling orientation of phytoelements in cover formed by grasses/sedges. The shape of phytoelement angle distribution varies from site to site depending on the dominant species. Experiments on fitting real distributions by different functions established that the generalised shape of the distribution in the studied cover is best described by a rotated-ellipsoidal function with a parameter equal to 2.69. Information obtained on the structure of the vegetation cover can be used in modelling microwaves and solar radiation propagation.
Experimental determination of porosity and permeability properties of terrigenous reservoirs for creation and validation of a digital core model
Authors: Belozerov Ivan
Published: December 2018

Digital core modelling is a vital task assessing original-oil-in-place. This technology can be seen as an additional tool for physical experiments capable of providing fast and efficient modelling of porous media. The objective of the paper is to determine experimentally the porosity and permeability properties of rocks and justify the possibility of using them for digital core modelling. The paper also validates feasibility of using the results of lithologic and petrographic surveys of thin sections in digital core modelling. The experimental studies of reservoir conditions allowed us to obtain curves of the dependence between the kerosene permeability of the terrigenous reservoir of the Buff Berea field and the temperature and to determine its main porosity and permeability properties. The paper also validates feasibility of applying the results of lithologic and petrographic surveys of thin sections of the reservoir to form the structure of the pore space of a digital core model by machine learning. The choice of this reservoir stems from the fact that the terrigenous sandstones of Berea Sandstone (USA) are characterised by minimal anisotropy of porosity and permeability properties, relatively high porosity and permeability, as well as uniformly sized grains of the composing rocks and good sorting. Oil industry experts therefore consider samples of these rocks to be most suitable for conducting applied research and testing various technologies. The results obtained were used to select the parameters required for modelling filtration flows in a digital model of the core.
Le cheminement paradoxal d’un couple vers la parentalité
Authors: Darchis Élisabeth
Published: December 2018

L’arrivée d’un enfant dans un couple n’est pas toujours une évidence. Lorsque des liens conjugaux sont organisés dans un amour exclusif, la construction d’une famille peut bousculer les alliances et les collusions inconscientes, fondatrices de la conjugalité. La thérapie de couple, puis la mise en place d’une thérapie familiale dès le temps de la grossesse, aide à comprendre cette résistance à faire famille. Les mouvements transférentiels et contretransférentiels explorés au cours du travail thérapeutique nous livrent une compréhension approfondie des organisations défensives groupales et générationnelles, face aux traumatismes mis sous silence dans les familles d’origine.
Modélisation rétrospective du défrichement de la forêt classée du Haut-Sassandra (Côte d’Ivoire) dans un contexte de conflits armés (2001-2013)
Authors: Andrieu Julien , Barima Yao Sadaiou Sabas , Moreno Diego , Vignal Matthieu , Zerbo Roger
Published: December 2018

Cette étude emploie une modélisation rétrospective pour analyser le défrichement de la forêt classée du Haut-Sassandra durant les conflits de 2002 à 2011 en Côte d’Ivoire. Nous montrons comment une enquête et la littérature ont permis d’établir les règles d’un modèle. Certaines valeurs et modalités du modèle constituent différentes hypothèses qui génèrent chacune une carte. La confrontation à la télédétection permet d’identifier le paramétrage optimal. Ainsi, les résultats sont d’une part méthodologiques, avec la création d’un outil original et la validation de celui-ci par la télédétection. D’autre part, cette étude offre des résultats sur la compréhension du processus d’infiltration.
Sous le phare durkheimien
Authors: Simon Dylan
Published: December 2018

Dans les études sur le Centre d’études sociologiques dans les années 1950, l’institution est souvent présentée comme le premier « laboratoire » de sociologie, la matrice d’une refondation « disciplinaire » après la guerre. À partir des archives du Centre plus que des témoignages de ses anciens membres, le présent article discute cette perspective en montrant comment l’institution doit être pensée, au moins jusqu’à la moitié des années 1950, dans la continuité des modes de fonctionnement scientifiques qui prévalaient dans l’entre-deux-guerres. Afin de faire ressortir les filiations savantes entretenues avec la tradition durkheimienne, l’auteur s’appuie notamment sur la trajectoire du géographe Max Sorre, qui dirigea le CES jusqu’en 1956.
La régulation concertée du service public de l’eau potable au Grand Lyon
Authors: Coulmain Cécile
Published: December 2018

Cet article propose une analyse du rôle d’une CCSPL (Commission consultative des services publics locaux), dispositif institué de consultation de représentants d’usagers, dans la régulation publique du service d’eau potable. En étudiant de manière longitudinale le cas de la CCSPL du Grand Lyon, communauté urbaine devenue métropole, l’article vise à interroger les effets de ce dispositif à partir d’une réflexion autour de son contexte d’instauration et des configurations institutionnelles successives dans lesquelles il s’est déployé. L’article défend l’idée que l’usage et les effets de cette instance – davantage instrument d’action publique qu’arène de concertation indépendante – sont essentiellement contingents des intérêts politiques et du niveau d’affirmation de l’autorité du Grand Lyon vis-à-vis de la régulation de l’eau potable.
Se mobiliser pour l’eau potable : une forme de régulation civique ?
Authors: Tindon Cécile , Barbier Rémi
Published: December 2018

Au début des années 1990, l’eau potable est (re)devenue un objet d’attention publique. Un nouveau cadre réglementaire et institutionnel remodela les relations entre élus, opérateurs privés, services de l’État et usagers du service. Des associations se constituèrent également, formant des publics au sens de Dewey, c’est-à-dire des ensembles d’individus affectés par un problème et s’engageant dans une « enquête sociale » à son propos. Leur activité prit la forme de ce que nous qualifierons de régulation civique organisée : des interventions visant à mettre le service et ses acteurs sous surveillance afin de détecter et corriger d’éventuels manquements. Mobilisant les résultats d’une enquête conduite sur deux terrains principaux, le Rhône et l’Orléanais, l’article revient tout d’abord sur la trajectoire d’engagement des militants de l’eau, et distingue deux trajectoires idéales-typiques, l’une à dominante politique et militante, l’autre à dominante associative et gestionnaire. Il éclaire ensuite les dynamiques de constitution des associations et de leurs coordinations, puis caractérise la nature de leur activité autour d’un triptyque : la mise en politique de l’eau, en assumant une dimension de conflictualisation ; l’exercice d’une vigilance compétente qui se traduit par un suivi minutieux de toutes les activités des services ; la résolution de cas problématiques portés à leur connaissance. Enfin, l’article éclaire les tensions et fragilités de cette régulation civique, susceptibles de questionner à long terme sa pérennité.
Proximités : retour sur 25 années d’analyse
Authors: Torre André , Talbot Damien
Published: December 2018

Après 25 années de recherche, la question se pose de la pérennité de l’approche de la proximité, mais aussi de sa banalisation et de sa capacité à se renouveler dans le monde des sciences régionales, compte tenu de son impact dans différentes disciplines des sciences sociales. Cet article a pour objet de faire un retour sur ces 25 années d’analyses, afin d’éclairer les raisons de la réussite de ce programme de recherche, de faire le bilan de ses acquis mais aussi de ses échecs et de revenir sur le chemin parcouru, ses avenues et ses bifurcations. Nous commençons par expliciter les enjeux théoriques, sociétaux et académiques à la base de la naissance de l’École de la Proximité (I), avant de présenter les principaux résultats d’ordre analytique, avec leurs limites et leurs surprises (II), puis les acquis en termes académiques et sociétaux (III), pour aborder enfin les angles morts du programme de recherche et le travail restant encore à réaliser (IV). Nous concluons par quelques interrogations sur l’avenir de ce courant de pensée et sa capacité à se renouveler dans un environnement soumis à de profondes mutations dans le monde réel comme dans le monde des idées.
L’école de la proximité : naissance et évolution d'une communauté de connaissance
Authors: Filippi Maryline , Wallet Frédéric , Polge Étienne
Published: December 2018

L’objectif de cet article est de revenir sur l’évolution du groupe « Dynamiques de Proximité », analysé ici comme une communauté de connaissance. Si la notion de proximité s’est affirmée comme outil original d’analyse de la dimension spatiale des phénomènes économiques et sociaux, elle a été développée et popularisée par un groupe de chercheurs, pour connaître un engouement international. À partir de la constitution d’une base de données recensant les productions de ce groupe entre 1990 et 2014, nous mobilisons des outils d’analyse réseaux afin d'en caractériser la dynamique. Trois étapes marquant l’évolution de cette Communauté de Connaissance sont identifiées. Le papier montre que le travail de conceptualisation et d’opérationnalisation mené par le groupe a permis d’en faire un concept largement utilisé par les chercheurs mais aussi les praticiens. Paradoxalement, ce succès aboutit à un certain dessaisissement par la communauté de connaissance initiale dont les frontières tendent à se fondre dans d’autres collectifs scientifiques.
De l’importance de la proximité dans la capacité de résister aux chocs exogènes
Authors: Brunelle Cédric , Dubé Jean
Published: December 2018

Cet article analyse l’impact des externalités spatiales et de la proximité géographique sur la capacité à résister aux chocs exogènes à partir d’une étude empirique de la survie d’entreprises individuelles dans la région du Bas-Saint-Laurent (Canada) entre 2006 et 2011. Bien que les externalités traditionnelles offrent de faibles preuves, nos résultats montrent que la proximité d’une variété d’industries apparentées de même que la densité locale des liens entre fournisseurs et clients favorisent la survie des entreprises au cours de la période. Ces effets ne sont toutefois pas uniformes dans l’espace – la proximité géographique modulant la capacité de résistance aux chocs. Nos résultats montrent que répartition spatiale des entreprises, même dans des régions périphériques et à faible densité, structure une variété de liens localisés et de relations de proximité, qui jouent un rôle significatif sur la capacité de résistance des entreprises aux chocs économiques.
Les bassins de vie ont-ils un sens ?
Authors: Aragau Claire , Bouleau Mireille , Mangeney Catherine
Published: December 2018

Le bassin de vie ainsi que d’autres catégories spatiales, sociologiques ou statistiques, sont à la discussion chaque fois qu’il est question de repenser la gouvernance territoriale et de mettre en œuvre des politiques publiques pour répondre à des problématiques sociétales. La notion de bassin de vie, sujette à critiques pour son caractère circonscrit dans un monde d’échanges, est cependant mobilisée par des élus et des institutions répondant à la fois à la reconnaissance d’une demande habitante de proximité, visible dans les mobilités quotidiennes, et à la nécessité de mettre en œuvre des politiques locales. L’article montre que le bassin de vie, loin d’être un périmètre d’enfermement puisqu’incapable de contenir tous les déplacements des habitants du périurbain, a le mérite de rendre compte d’une réalité périurbaine et de proximités diverses s’organisant autour de polarités secondaires, véritables vecteurs d’ancrage local, face à un cœur d’agglomération dont les accès sont de plus en plus congestionnés.
Une analyse des installations localement indésirables en termes d’économie de la proximité
Authors: Mery Jacques , Matias-Mendes Marta
Published: December 2018

Les proximités géographiques et organisées constituent des grilles d’analyse utiles pour la lecture des conflits environnementaux locaux, notamment ceux d’usage et de voisinage, comme ceux provoqués par les « Locally Undesirable Land Use » ( Lulu ) de la littérature nord-américaine des années 1980. Nous en proposons une application aux installations de stockage de déchets non dangereux de la France métropolitaine, à partir d’une connaissance géographique exhaustive de ces installations (avec des données originales en termes de proximité géographique) et d’une enquête de terrain sur neuf sites représentatifs. Au-delà de résultats classiques en termes de proximités géographiques et organisées, cette enquête montre comment les acteurs appréhendent et exploitent la notion de proximité, elle-même encadrée par une législation environnementale dont les aspects territoriaux et planificateurs sont en pleine évolution, mettant en tension scalaire différents intérêts généraux locaux.
Tipsy with Water: Emerson’s Poetic Intoxication
Authors: Gardes Yves
Published: December 2018

Cet article propose de mettre en lumière le paradoxe de l’ivresse poétique dans l’œuvre d’Emerson. Parce qu’il fustige les effets des psychotropes conventionnels sur l’intellect, Emerson déconstruit la représentation traditionnelle du poète romantique : l’ivresse ne tiendrait pas le poète dans un état extatique qui formerait la source de son inspiration. Pourtant, s’il déconsidère les effets des psychotropes traditionnels, Emerson retient le processus d’ébriété comme une condition nécessaire à l’épanouissement poétique. La substance qui doit permettre au poète d’accéder à un état extatique sans voiler sa perception ou altérer ses sens n’est autre que l’eau. L’enjeu de cet article est ainsi de montrer quel état extatique l’eau peut bien produire sur le poète.
Isolated Tear of the Teres Major Muscle
Authors: Takase Katsumi
Published: December 2018

Rotator cuff tears are frequently treated in daily clinical practice. However, there have been few reports of tears around the shoulder involving the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles. The author reports the rare case of an isolated tear of the teres major muscle with symptom onset during ordinary sports activities without a clear traumatic mechanism. The patient received conservative treatment, and satisfactory results were obtained. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(2):e276–e278.]
The Impact of Photorefractive Keratectomy and Mitomycin C on Corneal Nerves and Their Regeneration
Authors: Medeiros Carla S. , Marino Gustavo K. , Lassance Luciana , Thangavadivel Shanmugapriya , Santhiago Marcony R. , Wilson Steven E.
Published: December 2018

PURPOSE:

To determine how photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and mitomycin C (MMC) affect corneal nerves and their regeneration over time after surgery.

METHODS:

Twenty-eight New Zealand rabbits had corneal epithelial scraping with (n = 3) and without (n = 3) MMC 0.02% or −9.00 diopter PRK with (n = 6) and without (n = 16) MMC 0.02%. Corneas were removed after death and corneal nerve morphology was evaluated using acetylcholinesterase immunohistochemistry and beta-III tubulin staining after 1 day for all groups, after 1 month for PRK with and without MMC, and 2, 3, and 6 months after PRK without MMC. Image-Pro software (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD) was used to quantitate the area of nerve loss after the procedures and, consequently, regeneration of the nerves over time. Opposite eyes were used as controls.

RESULTS:

Epithelial scraping with MMC treatment did not show a statistically significant difference in nerve loss compared to epithelial scraping without MMC (
P
= .40). PRK with MMC was significantly different from PRK without MMC at 1 day after surgery (
P
= .0009) but not different at 1 month after surgery (
P
= .90). In the PRK without MMC group, nerves regenerated at 2 months (
P
< .0001) but did not return to the normal preoperative level of innervation until 3 months after surgery (
P
= .05). However, the morphology of the regenerating nerves was abnormal—with more tortuosity and aberrant innervation compared to the preoperative controls—even at 6 months after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:

PRK negatively impacts the corneal nerves, but they are partially regenerated by 3 months after surgery in rabbits. Nerve loss after PRK extended peripherally to the excimer laser ablated zone, indicating that there was retrograde degeneration of nerves after PRK. MMC had a small additive toxic effect on the corneal nerves when combined with PRK that was only significant prior to 1 month after surgery.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2018;34(12):790–798.]
Instituciones y Derecho Indiano en una renovada Historia de América
Authors: Tau Anzoátegui Víctor
Published: December 2018

Este ensayo historiográfico trata acerca de la construcción científica de la historia de la colonización española en América a través de las instituciones y del derecho indiano, que en la primera mitad del siglo XX promovieron principalmente Rafael Altamira y José M. Ots Capdequí. Una interesante proyección de esa tarea se puede observar inicialmente en los primeros números del Anuario de Estudios Americanos de Sevilla.
Entre «política indigenista española» e «indigenismo desorbitado»: el Anuario de Estudios Americanos y la «otra revista» de Sevilla
Authors: Giraudo Laura
Published: December 2018

La autora analiza la presencia y los significados de «indigenismo» y sus significados en la revista Anuario de Estudios Americanos entre los años 1944 y 1996 y en la otra revista publicada en Sevilla, Estudios Americanos. Revista de Síntesis e Interpretación (1948-1961), como medio de calibrar la visión que se tuvo en España del movimiento indigenista en su edad de oro, a mediados del siglo XX. El análisis permite perfilar claramente dos diferentes imágenes del indigenismo, dependiendo de su asociación con la política española en América o con el movimiento contemporáneo, según una repartición bastante clara del papel protagónico que en cada caso jugaron las dos revistas sevillanas.
El Anuario de Estudios Americanos y el despertar de la Historia Marítima en España
Authors: Mola Marina Alfonso
Published: December 2018

La Historia Marítima, entendida como la especialidad que se ocupa de todas aquellas temáticas vinculadas con el mar, apareció tempranamente en España, pero limitada al estudio de los descubrimientos geográficos y de las cuestiones militares. Solo más tarde, y bajo el impulso de su renacer fuera de España, la Historia Marítima amplió sus horizontes incluyendo los aspectos económicos, sociales, institucionales, culturales e incluso los referidos a las mentalidades colectivas. El Anuario de Estudios Americanos, fundado en Sevilla en 1944, puede reclamar el título de haber sido una de las publicaciones pioneras en el despertar de esta nueva Historia Marítima.
El Caribe como objeto de estudio histórico: una aproximación desde las publicaciones en el Anuario de Estudios Americanos
Authors: Vázquez Cienfuegos Sigfrido
Published: December 2018

En este artículo se analiza la producción historiográfica referida al Caribe que ha sido publicada en el Anuario de Estudios Americanos en sus 75 años de vigencia ininterrumpida. Entre 1944 y 2018 hemos contabilizado un total de 180 trabajos publicados. Aplicando una metodología cuantitativa en conjunción con una revisión analítica hemos logrado unos resultados que consideramos útiles desde el punto de vista de la investigación historiográfica, constatando que el Anuario de Estudios Americanos es una publicación de referencia para estudiar los diferentes espacios caribeños desde la llegada de los europeos hasta el siglo XX.
El Anuario de Estudios Americanos, una atalaya privilegiada para los estudios literarios hispanoamericanos
Authors: Camacho Delgado José Manuel
Published: December 2018

Este artículo analiza el papel que han desempeñado los estudios filológicos en los 75 años del Anuario de Estudios Americanos, tomando en consideración no solo aquellos textos que centran su atención en el ámbito literario, sino también, todos aquellos estudios históricos e historiográficos que de alguna forma tienen una vocación literaria.
Community College Education Abroad Health and Safety Concerns
Authors: Malveaux Gregory F. , Rhodes Gary M. , Raby Rosalind L.
Published: December 2018

There has been a good deal already written about health and safety with education abroad at four-year colleges and universities. Although the authors found significant publications with a university focus, they found no published literature that specifically addresses community college overseas health, safety, and legal issues. The purpose of this chapter is to review what the literature already says about health and safety challenges and apply it to community colleges. In so doing, they bring forth US court cases and real-life examples at community college education abroad programs in order to ground recommendations and strategies for responding to today's challenges. In the same way that community colleges implement “on campus” policies and procedures to both limit and respond to student health and safety crises, community colleges should also implement policies and procedures to limit “study abroad” risks to students and be prepared to act if issues arise overseas. This chapter provides essential strategies to improve health and safety and legal standards for community college education abroad programs.
Institutionalizing International Education and Embedding Education Abroad Into the Campus Community
Authors: Smith Carola
Published: December 2018

This chapter is a descriptive case study on one community college in California to show how the institution was able to successfully institutionalize study abroad through advocacy, strategic planning, and the cultivation of local, statewide, and international collaborations. Because of the longevity and vitality of the program examined in this particular case study, there is useful insight for other education abroad professionals who are at varying stages of implementing, developing, or institutionalizing study abroad programs at their respective institutions.
Internationalized Courses on Campus
Authors: de Wit Rebekah , Furst Mary Beth
Published: December 2018

Internationalizing the community college curriculum offers an opportunity to reach a broad range of students completing their general education requirements. Implementing course internationalization on campus also maximizes the student body's participation in international education, particularly in community college contexts where study abroad is not a viable option for many students due to resource limitations. Efforts to internationalize the curriculum should target high-enrolled courses across campus that fit within existing programs of study. Faculty coordinating these courses are integral in extending the scope of the course objectives by integrating international perspectives. Faculty work is acknowledged through existing structures of professional development and annual review processes. An internationalized curriculum combined with study abroad and other cross-cultural experiential learning forms the framework for an academic enrichment program called Global Distinction.
Reconceptualizing Postgraduate Research
Authors: Hartnett Maggie , Rawlins Peter
Published: December 2018

The professional inquiry (a researcher training and development course) was introduced into the Master of Education program at Massey University, New Zealand in 2014 as a practitioner-based alternative to the research thesis pathway. In contrast with traditional, independent, time intensive models of postgraduate research supervision, the authors developed and implemented an innovative blended learning model of postgraduate research training and development to ensure the growing demand of future, predominantly distance, students would be met. The online, blended model developed and discussed here within the discipline of Education has the potential to be utilized across different disciplines and postgraduate programs including those at doctoral level. In its fifth year of delivery, the online community has grown from nine students and seven specialist academic advisors in the first cohort to 45 students and 27 academics in the current offering, ensuring an accessible and equitable research learning experience for all students.
Using ICTs to Check Plagiarism in PhD Research Works in Nigeria
Authors: Endong Floribert Patrick C.
Published: December 2018

The proliferation of plagiarism in African universities has rationalized the adoption of various strategies to mitigate or eradicate it. In Nigeria particularly, computer-assisted approaches such as the Turnitin software have been appropriated to tackle this challenge. Many Nigerian universities have adopted Turnitin to ameliorate the quality of PhD research produced in their faculties. Although lauded in many quarters, this recourse to ICTs to check plagiarism has seen multiple challenges, some of which include poor anti-plagiarism policies, fallible anti-plagiarism software, and the Nigerian factor, among others. Using observations and secondary sources, this chapter critically explores these challenges. The chapter provides a conceptual definition of plagiarism and plagiarism detection systems; it shows how plagiarism is affecting PhD research in Nigerian universities and explores the place of ICTs in anti-plagiarism policies adopted by Nigerian universities. The chapter ends by examining the prospects and challenges of using ICTs to mitigate PhD student plagiarism in Nigeria.
Digital Higher Degree Research (HDR) Scholarly Support and Community Building
Authors: Rowland Jennifer
Published: December 2018

In this chapter, the development of a digital support system for higher degree research (HDR) student training and development is conversed in the context of the young faculty of medicine at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. First, the case and the issues that need to be addressed in providing digital support to the HDR cohort are discussed. Then, the development of the digital platform is presented. Finally, an overall reflection is made with respect to the effectiveness and future directions in implementing the digital platform with a focus on developing a scholarly community of support for the faculty's higher degree research students, supervisors, and the wider research community.
E-Resources Marketing in African Academic Libraries
Authors: Zibani Patiswa , Kalusopa Trywell
Published: December 2018

Significant changes are taking place in the digital information environment that necessitate a marketing-oriented paradigm shift in the delivery of e-resources in most academic libraries in Africa. These changes present different challenges and prospects in terms of newer skills and programming that require a high degree of adaptability to well-designed marketing ethos in the delivery of e-resources offerings to the increasingly diverse and sophisticated clientele in the academic environment in Africa. This chapter examines the challenges and prospects of marketing e-resources in the digital environment in academic libraries in Africa. It explores the holistic marketing readiness of academic libraries in terms of product orientation, promotion, pricing, delivery channels, skills-set and atmospherics that would ensure that the ultimate exchange of value to their clientele is sustained over time. This will accentuate the survival and relevance of African academic libraries in the current dynamic, competitive, and technology-driven environment in the world.
Dynamic Generation of Documentation, Code, and Tests for a Digital Marketing Platform's API
Authors: Santos Ricardo , Pereira Ivo , Azevedo Isabel
Published: December 2018

Detailed documentation and software tests are key factors for the success of a web application programming interface (API). When designing an API, especially in a design first approach, it is relevant to define a formal contract, known as API specification. This document must contain all necessary information regarding the API behavior. Thereby, the specification can be used to dynamically generate API components like documentation, client and server code, and software tests, reducing development and maintenance costs. This chapter presents a study of OpenAPI specification and its application on designing a new RESTful API for E-goi. It also presents a set of solutions for generating documentation, client code libraries, and test cases.
Teaching Model-Driven Engineering in a Master's Program
Authors: Bragança Alexandre , Azevedo Isabel , Bettencourt Nuno
Published: December 2018

Model-driven engineering (MDE) is an approach to software engineering that adopts models as the central artefact. Although the approach is promising in addressing major issues in software development, particularly in dealing with software complexity, and there are several success cases in the industry as well as growing interest in the research community, it seems that it has been hard to generalize its gains among software professionals. To address this issue, MDE must be taught at a higher-education level. This chapter presents a three-year experience in teaching MDE in a course of a master program in informatics engineering. The chapter provides details on how a project-based learning approach was adopted and evolved along three editions of the course. Results of a student survey are discussed and compared to those from another course. In addition, several other similar teaching experiences are analyzed.
Born vs. Educated Entrepreneurs
Authors: Sawang Sukanlaya , Kivits Robbert A.
Published: December 2018

Setting itself apart from previous research, which focuses on either entrepreneurship-prone personality traits or education and uses the remaining as a control, the current chapter tests the main effect as well as the interaction among e-traits, education, and experience. Further, this chapter advances the current literature, which focuses on external success (e.g., growth and profits), by also examining internal success (e.g., subjective wellbeing). Matched participants were used for three waves (nyear1 = 1,564, nyear2 = 1,474, nyear3 = 1,436). In a broad summary, educated entrepreneurs seem to perform well financially while born-to-be entrepreneurs seem happier than those low in or without e-traits across the three waves.
Neurophysiological and Neurobiological Basis of Emotions and Mood
Authors: Pantic Igor V.
Published: December 2018

Emotions and mood are complex psychic phenomena that play important roles in everyday behavior. No anatomical structure can be identified as a specific brain center for emotions, and a neurophysiological basis of emotions is unclear and hard to define. Today, it is thought that neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine have important roles in mood regulation, and much of the evidence for this assumption is based on the effectiveness of antidepressant medications currently available in psychiatric practice. James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and Schachter's and other theories historically tried to explain the origin and formation of emotional responses. Despite extensive research efforts on this topic, many aspects regarding the nature of emotional responses remain unclear. Multidisciplinary approach, including the adequate cooperation of psychiatrists, neurophysiologists, and experts from other areas, is needed to provide us with a more comprehensive insight on biological basis of conative psychic functions.
Self-Determination Calibration for Cochlear Implant Rehabilitation
Authors: Politis Dionysios , Aidona Sophia , Stagiopoulos Petros , Kyriafinis Georgios , Constantinidis Jannis
Published: December 2018

Cochlear implantation is a well-established therapeutic approach for deaf or hearing-impaired patients. After the medical intervention, which aims to restore hearing, subjects undergo rehabilitation procedures in order to cure instructional disadvantages, problematic schooling circumstances, or deficits in their sociability. Essential physical, mental, social, and cognitive skills are taken into perspective, as the prerequisite of a notable aptitude determines the suitability of a subject to get professional and communal roles. Quality of life, as an indicator, provides the metrics that demonstrate the level of adoption with established norms.
Quantum Cognition and Its Influence on Decrease of Global Stress Level Related With Job Improvement Strategies
Authors: Stojanovic Aleksandar , Starcevic Ana
Published: December 2018

The quantum mind or quantum consciousness group of hypotheses propose that classical mechanics cannot explain consciousness. Quantum theory is used to insert models of cognition that target to be more innovative than models based on traditional classical probability theory, which includes cognitive modeling phenomena in science. At the moment we can say that there is no clearly defined neurophysiological mechanisms of creation of the quantum-like representation of information in the brain, but we can mention the hypothesis of matching the information processing in the brain with quantum information and probability with contextuality as the key word. Using limited cognitive resources, incompatibility provides humans the means for answering an unlimited number of questions, thus promoting parsimony and cognitive economy.
Deep Learning for Healthcare Biometrics
Authors: Kumar Upendra , Tripathi Esha , Tripathi Surya Prakash , Gupta Kapil Kumar
Published: December 2018

Mistakes in healthcare systems such as a mix-up of records or confusing medical charts lead to the wrong medications to patients. Major tasks such as administrative costs, legal expenses, and liabilities incur high cost to the healthcare industry using traditional, inaccurate patient identification processes. This can be resolved by biometric technology. Only physiological features can be used for patient identification to eliminate need of SSN, insurance card, or date of birth during registration. A biometric template can be directly mapped to an electronic health record to accurately authenticate individuals on subsequent visits. This technology ensures no medical records can be mimicked and the right care is provided to the right patient. Deep learning provides a platform to solve identification and diagnostic problems arising in medicine and can be used in healthcare biometrics to analyze clinical parameters and their combinations for disease prognosis (e.g., prediction of disease, extracting medical knowledge, therapy planning, and support).
Multi-Modal Motion-Capture-Based Biometric Systems for Emergency Response and Patient Rehabilitation
Authors: Gavrilova Marina L. , Ahmed Ferdous , Bari A. S. M. Hossain , Liu Ruixuan , Liu Tiantian , Maret Yann , Sieu Brandon Kawah , Sudhakar Tanuja
Published: December 2018

This chapter outlines the current state of the art of Kinect sensor gait and activity authentication. It also focuses on emotional cues that could be observed from human body and posture. It presents a prototype of a system that combines recently developed behavioral gait and posture recognition methods for human emotion identification. A backbone of the system is Kinect sensor gait recognition, which explores the relationship between joint-relative angles and joint-relative distances through machine learning. The chapter then introduces a real-time gesture recognition system developed using Kinect sensor and trained with SVM classifier. Preliminary experimental results demonstrate accuracy and feasibility of using such systems in real-world scenarios. While gait and emotion from body movement has been researched in the context of standalone biometric security systems, they were never previously explored for physiotherapy rehabilitation and real-time patient feedback. The survey of recent progress and open problems in crucial areas of medical patient rehabilitation and rescue operations conclude this chapter.
Digitization of Paper Electrocardiogram
Authors: Gautam Priyanka , Sunkaria Ramesh Kumar , Sharma Lakhan Dev
Published: December 2018

In order to diagnose a possible cardiac disorder, ECG (electrocardiogram) signals are usually recorded on standard grid papers in hospitals. Many efforts have been made to advance the technology in order to improve the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. There is a need to convert the existing ECG records into digital forms, as it is the most efficient method to store and analyze ECG attributes for clinical uses. The main purpose of this chapter is to review the existing algorithms for digital conversion of paper ECG. It discusses the various challenges and a systematic study on different methods that have been used so far to convert paper ECG records into digitized form so that they can be retrieved efficiently. Initial challenge involved in the digitization process is gridline removal. In this process, information of ECG signal is also removed. None of the existing methods provide flawless gridline removal. The paper ECG used in hospitals differs in shape, size, formats, so the main challenge in digitization process is to achieve a worldwide ECG format.
Deep Learning for Trilingual Character Recognition
Authors: Yashodha M. , Niranjan SK , Aradhya V. N. Manjunath
Published: December 2018

As India is a multilingual country, in which the national language is Hindi, regional languages still exist in each of the corresponding states. In government offices, for the purpose of communication and maintenance of files and ledgers, the languages preferred are the regional languages and Hindi. As corporate offices and private organizations also exist in the country, these bodies mainly prefer the English language with the regional language in recording documents and ledgers. So, in this regard, in India a document contains multilingual texts, and there is a need of a multilingual OCR system. In this article, a trilingual OCR system is developed using deep learning for supporting English, Hindi and Kannada languages, the regional language of the state Karnataka.
A New Bi-Level Encoding and Decoding Scheme for Pixel Expansion Based Visual Cryptography
Authors: Barik Ram Chandra , Changder Suvamoy , Sahu Sitanshu Sekhar
Published: December 2018

Mapping of image-based object textures to ASCII characters can be a new modification towards visual cryptography. Naor and Shamir proposed a new dimension of Information security as visual cryptography which is a secret sharing scheme among N number of participants with pixel expansion. Later on, many researchers extended the visual secret sharing scheme with no expansion of pixel regions in binary and color images. By stacking k shares the secret can be decoded using normal vision. In this paper the authors have proposed a modification towards visual cryptography by converting the message in the form of printable ASCII character-based numerical encoding patterns in a binary host image. The encoding of the message is represented as ASCII numeric and a texture of those numeric are arranged to form a binary host image. Then, N numbers of shares are built up but after stacking all the shares the decoding of the message is achieved by converting ASCII numeric to the secret.
Conditioned Slicing of Interprocedural Programs
Authors: Sahu Madhusmita
Published: December 2018

Program slicing is a technique to decompose programs depending on control flow and data flow amongst several lines of code in a program. Conditioned slicing is a generalization of static slicing and dynamic slicing. A variable, the desired program point, and a condition of interest form a slicing criterion for conditioned slicing. This paper proposes an approach to calculate conditioned slices for programs containing multiple procedures. The approach is termed Node-Marking Conditioned Slicing (NMCS) algorithm. In this approach, first and foremost step is to build an intermediate symbolization of a given program code and the next step is to develop an algorithm for finding out conditioned slices. The dependence graph, termed System Dependence Graph (SDG), is used to symbolize intermediate presentation. After constructing SDG, the NMCS algorithm chooses nodes that satisfy a given condition by the process of marking and unmarking. The algorithm also finds out conditioned slices for every variable at every statement during the process. NMCS algorithm employs a stack to save call context of a method. Few edges in SDG are labeled to identify the statement that calls a method. The proposed algorithm is implemented, and its performance is tested with several case study projects.
Facebook Dominant, Majority, Growing, and Emerge a Marketing Segmentation Approach
Authors: Chunsing (Alan) Yung
Published: December 2018

As of March 2018, the number one online social network has 2.13 billion monthly active users. These 2.13 billion users are part of the Facebook Divide. The Facebook Divide Index has provided a new way to segment markets. On the country level, the four segments of Facebook Dominant, Facebook Majority, Facebook Growing, and Facebook Emerge have been proposed. In addition, users are categorized into Facebook Native, Facebook Immigrant, and Facebook Isolate. The new segmentation model allows marketers to produce different alternatives to market segmentation.
Mitochondria Released by Apoptotic Cell Death Initiate Innate Immune Responses
Authors: Zhu Minghua , Barbas Andrew S , Lin Liwen , Scheuermann Uwe , Bishawi Muath , Brennan Todd V
Published: December 2018

In solid organ transplantation, cell death arising from ischemia/reperfusion leads to the release of several damage-associated molecular patterns derived from mitochondria. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) initiate proinflammatory responses, but it remains unknown whether the mode of cell death affects the inflammatory properties of mitochondria. Murine and human cell lines induced to selectively undergo apoptosis and necroptosis were used to examine the extracellular release of mitochondria during programmed cell death. Mitochondria purified from healthy, apoptotic, and necroptotic cells were used to stimulate macrophage inflammasome responses in vitro and neutrophil chemotaxis in vivo. Inhibition of specific mtDAMPs was performed to identify those responsible for macrophage inflammasome activation. A rat liver transplant model was used to identify apoptotic and necroptotic cell death in graft tissue following ischemia/reperfusion. Both apoptotic and necroptotic cell death occur in parallel in graft tissue. Apoptotic cells released more mitochondria than necroptotic cells. Moreover, mitochondria from apoptotic cells were significantly more inflammatory in terms of macrophage inflammasome activation and neutrophil recruitment. Inhibition of cellular synthesis of cardiolipin, a mitochondria-specific lipid and mtDAMP, significantly reduced the inflammasome-activating properties of apoptosis-derived mitochondria. Mitochondria derived from apoptotic cells are potent activators of innate immune responses, whereas mitochondria derived from healthy or necroptotic cells are significantly less inflammatory. Cardiolipin appears to be a key mtDAMP-regulating inflammasome activation by mitochondria. Methods of inhibiting apoptotic cell death in transplant grafts may be beneficial for reducing graft inflammation and transplant allosensitization.
A successful hybrid operation for life-threatening hemorrhagic shock secondary to an iatrogenic ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the external iliac artery following percutaneous arterial access
Authors: Shoji Takahiro , Harada Hirohisa , Yamazoe Shinji , Yamaguchi Yoshihiro
Published: December 2018

Intravascular treatments such as arterial embolization and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta are being increasingly performed in emergency cases, in addition to the increasing use of arterial access as an intensive care monitoring tool. Thus, arterial access-related complications are being commonly reported. A 40- year-old man with renal artery stenosis underwent renal artery stent placement via the left inguinal puncture approach. After the procedure, his groin was manually compressed to hemostasis for 30 min. He unexpectedly developed shock the following day, and computed tomography revealed a ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the left external iliac artery (EIA) following iatrogenic vascular trauma owing to an inappropriately performed groin puncture. We initially controlled the hemorrhage using endovascular balloon occlusion of the left EIA. Subsequently, the injured EIA was repaired using a direct suture. The postoperative course was uneventful. Herein, we evaluated the causes of iatrogenic complications and the effectiveness of our treatment strategy.
Trauma-induced coagulopathy. A narrative review of goal-directed hemostatic resuscitation
Authors: Pigna Federica , Lippi Giuseppe , Saronni Simone , Cervellin Gianfranco
Published: December 2018

Post-traumatic haemorrhage is the leading cause of death in trauma patients. The development of coagulopathy substantially contributes to bleeding severity and to the ensuing unfavourable outcome. Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) can be seen in 10-25% of patients with major trauma, and its early and appropriate therapeutic management leads to considerable reduction of mortality risk. Due to the extreme complexity of TIC pathophysiology, the limitations of conventional coagulation tests (CCTs) have become evident in recent years. Unlike these routine tests, point of care viscoelastic tests (VET) such as thromboelastogram (TEG) or rotational thromboelastography (ROTEM) provide valuable clinical information by real time assessment of changes in viscoelastic properties of blood throughout clot formation. This review was aimed to collect and discuss available evidence on goal-directed hemostatic resuscitation, based on TEG or ROTEM data. We included studies with patients aged 18 years or older, major trauma, and needing massive transfusions. Overall, 6 studies totalling 1533 patients were finally included. A total number of 288 patients died, 98 of whom in the TEG- or ROTEM-guided cohorts (i.e., intervention groups). A 36% reduction of death was observed in the intervention groups (relative risk, 0.641; 95% CI 0.517-0.795; P<0.001). Our results show that VET-guided management is effective to reduce mortality compared to conventional management with CCTs. Except for mortality, all others endpoints were heterogeneous across the studies. This emphasize the need of scheduling new and well-designed trials, aimed to better define the optimal strategy for TIC management.