bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Efficacy of Thermostable PPR Live Homologous Vaccine Incubated at Room Temperature for 14 Days
Authors: Siddique MP , Rahman MB , Chowdhury SMZH , Kafi MA , Alam MS
Published: October 2008

The study was undertaken during the period from July to November 2005, for the first time, to determine the efficacy of thermostable PPR vaccine incubated at -20Â°C and room temperature (RT) for 14 days which was developed by Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka, in collaboration with and Livestock Research Institute (LRI), Mohakhali, Dhaka. A total of 80 healthy goats of both sexes, aged between 8 to 36 months were divided into three groups as A, B and C. Group A and B comprised of 30 goats each and received thermostable PPR vaccine kept at -20Â°C and at room temperature (RT) respectively for 14 days, at a dose rate of 1 ml (4 Log10 TCID50 / ml) per goat subcutaneously while group C comprising 20 goats served as non-vaccinated control. At 30 days postvaccination, 3 goats from each vaccinated and non-vaccinated group were challenged with 1 ml (5 GID50) of virulent PPR virus per goat subcutaneously in the mid cervical region. Sera samples were collected from all the groups at pre- and post-vaccination (15 and 30 days postvaccination) and were tested for anti-PPR antibody by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA). In case of group A, average percent inhibition (PI) values of the sera samples at prevaccination and at 15- and 30 days post vaccination were 11.0 Â± 5.7, 62.8 Â± 9.9 and 81.5 Â±5.9 respectively and in case of group B, were 10.0 Â± 4.1, 60.7 Â± 9.4 and 79.3 Â± 7.2 respectively, which were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those of non-vaccinated control goats (6.3 Â± 3.4, 10.2 Â± 3.3 and 13.6 Â± 3.7 respectively). The titres of vaccinated goats gradually increased until 30 days postvaccination. The challenge test with virulent PPR virus at 30 days post vaccination showed that the thermostable PPR vaccine with both incubation temperatures at -20Â°C and RT for 14 days protected all the goats (100%) of groups A and B respectively while all the non-vaccinated control goats were not protected after challenge showing clinical signs of PPR and / or mortality. From the above findings it may be concluded that the thermostable PPR vaccine can be kept at normal environmental temperature (25Â°-30Â°C) as long as 14 days without loss of its potency and may be used to prevent PPR in goats in field condition.Key Words: Thermostable PPR vaccine, efficacy, C-ELISAdoi:10.3329/bjvm.v4i1.1524 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (1): 43-46
Effects of Various Anaesthetic Combinations on Pain Management After Ovariohysterectomy in Bitches
Authors: Islam MS , Hashim MA , Alam MS
Published: October 2008

This study was carried out for the assessment of various anaesthetic combinations on pain management after ovariohysterectomy and to find out the best combination of premedication and anaesthetic drugs for prevention of pain in dogs during the period from May to October 2005 in the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. Twenty seven bitches were allocated into three equal groups. The treatment groups were the Atropine-Ketamine-Xylazine (AKX), Atropine-Diazepam-Thiopentone (ADT), and Atropine-Thiopentone-Xylazine (ATX). As local analgesic, 2% lignocaine hydrochloride was administered before closing the external skin wound during experiment in all groups. The levels of analgesia and wound tenderness were assessed by dynamic interactive visual analogue scale (DIVAS). Parametric variables were analyzed using Student's t-test, paired sample t-test and one-way ANOVA in the appropriate cases. Overall, postoperative pain and wound tenderness score increased significantly (p < 0.01) irrespective of groups. Pain decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in ADT group compared to other two groups. Similarly, wound tenderness decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in ADT group at each observation compared to other two groups (ATX and AKX). No adverse event or reaction was observed through the courses of the study. It was demonstrated that Atropine-Diazepam-Thiopentone group provided an excellent analgesia compared to AKX and ATX. A multimodal approach of anaesthesia during ovariohysterectomy in bitches is suggested for prevention of pain. Key words: Anaesthetic, pain, ovariohysterectomy, bitch doi:10.3329/bjvm.v4i1.1525 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006): 47-51
Modeling Landscape Evapotranspiration by Integrating Land Surface Phenology and a Water Balance Algorithm
Authors: Senay Gabriel B.
Published: October 2008

The main objective of this study is to present an improved modeling technique called Vegetation ET (VegET) that integrates commonly used water balance algorithms with remotely sensed Land Surface Phenology (LSP) parameter to conduct operational vegetation water balance modeling of rainfed systems at the LSP’s spatial scale using readily available global data sets. Evaluation of the VegET model was conducted using Flux Tower data and two-year simulation for the conterminous US. The VegET model is capable of estimating actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of rainfed crops and other vegetation types at the spatial resolution of the LSP on a daily basis, replacing the need to estimate crop- and region-specific crop coefficients.
Ecology of an endemic insular species: Cyclamen balearicum Willk. In the Balearic Islands
Authors: Debussche Max , Grandjanny Michel , Debussche Geneviéve , Mus Maurici , Torres Néstor , Fraga Arguimbau Pedro
Published: October 2008

We studied Cyclamen balearicum Willk. in the Balearic Islands with the following two objectives: 1) to describe and discuss its ecology, 2) to discuss the type of rarity it represents. The species grows on Ibiza, Cabrera, Menorca and Mallorca; it is much more frequent on the latter two islands, and is abundant in the moutainous northern part of Mallorca. It is absent from Formentera. The species was found along the entire elevation gradient, thus experiencing a large range of rainfall and temperature conditions. It was encountered not only on limestone but also, occasionally on sandstone and schist in Menorca. Its local habitat is sheltered and shady, with a northern exposure, under a high cover of evergreen woody plants, with a stony soil. Quercus ilex L. and Pinus halepensis Mill, trees and Pistacia lentiscus L. shrubs are the more commonly observed dominant species where C. balearicum occuis. The usual entena applied in defining plant raríty are inadequate in this case, particularly where habitat specificity is concemed.
Paleoenvironmental aspects of the Tardiglacial and Early Holocene in eastern Spain: Macrobotanical remains front El Tossal de la Roca (Vall d'Alcala, Alicante)
Authors: Uzquiano Paloma , Arnanz Ana María
Published: October 2008

Charred macrobotanical remains from El Tossal de la Roca permit a better understanding of the Tardiglacial-Postglacial (Upper Palaeolithic levels) transition in Valencia region, showing evidence of a supramediterranean environment with Pinus nigra, Juniperus t. phoenicea and Quercus t. faginea. During the early Holocene (Epipaleolithic levels) Quercus ilex-coccifera is dominant, followed by Quercus t. faginea.
New species of Alchemilla (Rosaceae) for the Flora iberica (part 4)
Authors: Fröhnerd Sigurd
Published: October 2008

The author describes eight new species of the genus Alchemilla L. (Rosaceae) found in the Pyrenees and the Cantabrian Mountains. Characteristics which distinguish them from some closely related species are mentioned.
Santolina ageratifolia Bamades ex Asso (Compositae) and their relationships with S. rosmarinifolia L.
Authors: López Udias Silvia , Fabregat Carlos , Mateo Gonzalo
Published: October 2008

The status of Santolina ageratifolia Bamades ex Asso as a distinct species belonging to S. rosmarinifolia L. aggr. is vindicated. An historical approach, a revisión of the diagnostic characters and a detailed chorology of the species in Spain is presented. Likewise, some doubtful questions conceming taxonomy and chorology in Spain of the whole aggregate (including S. rosmarinifolia L. s. str., S. canescens Lag., S. pectinata Lag. and S. semidentata Hoffmanns. & Link) are clarified. A new nomenclatural combination is proposed: S. semidentata subsp. melidensis (Rodríguez-Oubiña & Ortiz) López Udias, Fabregat & Mateo.
Number, morphology and C banding variability of B chromosomes in Aegilops speltoides Tausch
Authors: Cebriá Antonio
Published: October 2008

Plants of the species Aegilops speltoides were collected in six localities of Israel: Haifa 1, Haifa 2, Ramat. Ara, Benaya and Ashkelon. They were studied for B chromosome polymorphism. Benaya and Ashkelon, located to the South of the Mediterranean coast, lack B chromosomes (Bs), while Haifa 1, Haifa 2, Ramat and Ara, located to the North, have Bs. It seems that Bs are present only in populations living in localities favourable for the species. We found variability for C heterochromatin in the Bs. The standard type ís submetacentric, with a large pericentromeric C-band, and two small C-bands, one on each arm. The pericentromeric C-band is constató while the other C-bands are highly variable. The most frequent B types found in these populations can be explained by recombination between Bs with and without C-bands. We have also found Bs with structural mutations. This highly polymorphic structure of the Bs can be explained by their lack of specific genetic function.
Distribution of Arum cylindraceum Gasp. (Araceae) on the Iberian Península
Authors: Draper David , Rosselló-Graell Antonia
Published: October 2008

Following the revisión of herbarium material, a map (CUTM) is presented of the distribution on the Iberian Península of Arum cylindraceum Gasp. (Araceae), which is new to Portugal. It is concluded that A. maculatum L. is reponed infrequently on the Península an that detailed studies are necessary to establish its correct distribution.
Orobanche tunetana G. Beck (Orobanchaceae), a new species for the European continent
Authors: Pujadas Antonio , Lora Ángel , Crespo Manuel B.
Published: October 2008

The presence of Orobanche tunetana G. Beck in the south-eastern part of the Iberian Península is noted. An original ilhistrabon, the chorology and the description of the Iberian specimens are given. The differences are also analysed between this species and O. caesia Rchb.. with which it shows certain similarities.
The disseminule structure in Andropogoneae (Poaceae)
Authors: Vegetti Abelardo C. , Antón Ana M.
Published: October 2008

The disseminule in Andropogoneae is studied, analizing its structure and characteristics in the different subtribes. The shape and function of the components of the dispersal units (rachis segment and spikelets, especially the glumes) are discussed in relation to the protection of the floral organs and the dispersal of the fruit. Some evolutionary trends are suggested.
World checklist of Geranium L. (Geraniaceae)
Authors: Aedo Carlos , Muñoz Garmendia Félix , Pando Francisco
Published: October 2008

A checklist of the genus Geranium L. (Geraniaceae) is presented. Four hundred and twenty three species are recognized in 3 subgenera and 18 sections. Our classification differs from Yeo's only in some aspects of subg. Erodioidea and Geranium. Section Brasiliensia is included in subg. Erodioidea, and sect. Neurophyllodes, Paramensia and Azorelloida in subg. Geranium. Section Azorelloida is proposed as an avowed substitute (nom. nov.) for sect. Petraea R. Knuth, nom. illeg. G. collae is proposed as avowed substitute (nom. nov.) for G. intermedium Colla, nom. illeg. An identification key to subgenera and sections is presented. A thorough revision of available names in the genus, and a review of their nomenclatural status were carried out. Correct name, place of publication and distribution are given for each species. Geographical distributions are given at region and botanical country leveis following the International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases (TDWG) standard. When possible, selected references with relevant information are also included.
Karyological studies in Vicia amphicarpa sensu lato
Authors: Tardío Pato F. Javier , García Gonzalo Pilar , Ortiz Marcide Jesús M.
Published: October 2008

Cytological studies were carried out on twenty four amphicarpic wild populations of Vicia sativa group from different sites (19 from Spain, 4 from Syria and 1 from Turkey). Morphologically, 19 accessions can be attributed to taxon
Notes on the genus Anthyllis L. (Loteae-Leguminosae) and its treatment for the Flora iberica
Authors: Benedí González Carles
Published: October 2008

A general taxonomic and nomenclatural survey of the genus Anthyllis s.str. for the Iberian Península and Balearic Islands is presented. Data on morphology, synonymy, ecology and variability of the twenty three recognized taxa, are also reponed. The following new combinations are proposed: A. sect. Terniflora (Tikhomirov & Sokoloff) Benedí, comb. & stat. nov.; A. tejedensis Boiss, subsp. plumose (Cullen ex E. Domínguez) Benedí, comb. & stat. nov., and A. vulneraria subsp. microcephala (Willk.) Benedí, comb. & stat. nov.
On the relationship between Pau and F. Navás
Authors: Laínz Manuel
Published: October 2008

Extracts from over a hundred letters from Navás to Pau and comments clarifying the history of Spanish Natural Sciences in the first third part of the 2Oth Century are presented.
The allspice [Pimenta dioica (L.) Merrill, Myrtaceae] in the Sierra Norte de Puebla (México)
Authors: Macía Barco Manuel Juan
Published: October 2008

Pimenta dioica, allspice, is a neotropical Myrtaceae distributed in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean region. Its área of distribution in México ranges along East and Southeast parts of the country. The main use of its dried fruits is as spice, being sold in Mexican nacional markets as well as exported to Germany, the United States, Jamaica and Great Britain. Most of the harvest comes from trees growing wild in tropical forests, although lately there is a trend to domesticate and cultivate the plant. This paper describes the propagation, domestication, harvesting, processing, marketing and socioeconomic importance of allspice in the Sierra Norte de Puebla (México). The fieldwork has been focused on Totonaca indigenous communities from this area. In these communities, allspice has medicinal use, and is used as a condiment for food; other technological and cultural uses have been also recorded. A historical monograph from Casimiro Gómez Ortega is reviewed. It includes information of the history, botany, cultivation and commerce of allspice.
Phytoplankton from Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park. I. The Euglenophytes.
Authors: Rojo Carmen , Ortega-Mayagoitia Elizabeth , Conforti Visitación
Published: October 2008

Las Tablas de Daimiel is one of the most important wetlands in the Iberian Península. The increase of water contamination is producing obvious eutrophication. Monthly water samples were taken during 1996 and 1997 at five places - both from channels and shallow water (tablas). 18 taxa of Euglenophyta were found, two of them had been found before in Las Tablas de Daimiel (Astasia sp. and Euglena acus). Nine species are new records for this wetland (E. acilis, E. polymorpha, Lepocinclis ovum var. dimidio-minor. Phacus brevicaudatus, P. pyrum, P. skujae, Trachelomonas armata, T. abrupta and T. volvocinopsis); six species are new records for Spain (E. agilis var. piriformis, E. clara, E. oxyuris var. oxyuris, E. splendens, L. ovum var. globula, and P. brachykentron), and one species is new record for Europe (T. sculpta). The richness of Euglenophyta has increased conspicuously (1 species in 1975, 8 species in 1992-1993 and 18 species in 1996-1997). Moreover, the increasing water level from 19% has reduced the Euglenophyta density and these populations have simultaneously spread throughout the whole Park. The fluctuation seen in the Euglenophyte populations of the Tablas de Daimiel is not a response to contamination events, but the result of a the long eutrophication process endured by these wetlands.
A survey of the Rubus species (Rosaceae) described from the Canary Islands
Authors: Matzke-Hajek Günter , Weber Heinrich E.
Published: October 2008

Taxonomy, nomenclatura and distribution of the bramble species (Rubus L., subgen. Rubus) described from the Canary Islands are studied. Apart from the widespread Mediterranean R. ulmifolius Schott two species occur: R. bollei Focke (Syn.: R. canariensis Focke, R. suspiciosus Menezes) and R. palmensis A. Hansen. The latter is not an endemic of La Palma as assumed by its discoverer, but is recorded for the first time also in Gran Canaria and Tenerife. Complete descriptions are provided, and illustrations of distinctive features often lacking in herbarium specimens are presented. Problems concerning the typification are discussed. Rubus x wolfredoi-wildpretii H. E. Weber nothospec. nov., the frequent hybrid between Rubus bollei and R. ulmifolius is described as new to science. Rubus bornmuelleri Focke from Gran Canaria is based on a specimen dubium and has to be deleted from the list of Canarían species.
Trichome morphology in Teucrium L. (Labiatae). A taxonomic review
Authors: Navarro Teresa , El Oualidi Jalal
Published: October 2008

The micromorphology of trichomes of 56 Teucrium L. species belonging to the 9 sections of the genus in the Mediterranean área was surveyed by scanning electrón microscopy (SEM) of leaves, calyx, corolla and nutlets. 25 trichome types are described, 12 of them are new. Thin walled hairs are the exclusive type found in the corolla and are the most widespread type on the abaxial side of the leaves. Subsessile glandular hairs, 2-4-celled, are found on the nutlet and leaves of the semi-shrubby and paleoendemic species. The presence of short or elongated, generally adpressed simple thick-walled slighüy conical hairs provides an additional character to clarify the boundaries between sect. Chamedrys (Mill.) Schreb, and sect. Polium (Mill.) Schreb. Branched non-glandular hairs are confined to sect. Polium subsect Polium, except for the rare branched hair conical and thick-walled type found in Teucrium barbarum Jahand. & Maire (sect. Chamaedrys) and T. heterophyllum L`Hér. from sect. Teucrium. This last section is well defined by the absence of simple slighüy conical thick-walled hairs and the glandular hairs in the corolla. Sect. Teucriopsis Benth, is of particular interest for the exclusive presence of branched and peltate glandular hairs on the nutlets surface. Sect. Chamedrys is a homogeneous group, distinguished from the other sections by an indumentum formed only by trichomes types evolved from the simple slighüy conical thick-walled hairs. This section overlaps, in the presence of glandular sub-sessile hair on the nutlets surface, with sects. Isotriodon Boiss, and sect. Polium subsect. Rotundifolia Cohén ex Valdés Berm. & Sánchez Crespo. The trichomes type of the calyx teeth, abaxial side of the leaf and latero-posterior corolla lobes can be used as a distinctive taxonomic character at specific and infra-specific level. This study supports Bentham's delimitaüon of sections with the addiüons subequently made by Boissier.
Ecotypic and allozyme variation of Capsella bursa-pastoris and C. rubella (Brassicaceae) along latitude and altitude gradients on the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Neuffer Barbara , Hoffrogge Raimund
Published: October 2008

Life-history traits (onset of flowering, leaf number, rosette diameter, plant height, branching number, fruit dimensions, seed number) of Capsella species from the Iberian Península associated with colotúzing ability were compared in a random block field experiment. Data were evaluated by a principal component analysis. Allozymes (AAT, LAP, GDH) and leaf types were recorded. C. bursa-pastoris plants originating from low and high elevations of the summer dry Mediterranean climatic zone (Sierra Nevada) were early flowering, whereas those originating from the Pyrenees with an alpine climate were late. In C. bursa-pastoris the "rhomboidea" leaf type was very frequent, whereas in C. rubella it was the "heteris" leaf type. There was a change of leaf type frequencies along geographical clines which is explained by adaptive components of the leaf shape. The allozymes displayed a geographical distribuüon pattem and in C. bursa-pastoris a certain multilocus genotype appeared to be a molecular marker for an early flowering ecotype
The Haloragaceae in Cuba
Authors: Urquiola Cruz Armando J. , Betancourt Gandul Martha
Published: October 2008

A study of the Haloragaceae in Cuba is presented. The presence of Proserpinaca palustris, P. pectinata. Myriophyllum laxum and M. pinnatum is confirmed, and the possible extinction of M. sparsiflorum is suggested
An approximate bibliography of floristic catalogue studies of vascular plants of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands, II: 1989-1998
Authors: Galicia Herbada David , Moreno Saiz Juan Carlos
Published: October 2008

A new relation of floristic-catalogue studies of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands is presented. 207 new references, mainly from the last decade, are now added, updating the existing list generated in 1988. A total of more than 450 catalogues is registered now for the whole territory. Some gaps still remaining in the Iberian floristic study are commented upon, as well as the timing of forthcoming publications.
On the relationship between Pau and Goncalo Sampaio
Authors: Lainz S.J. Manuel
Published: October 2008

A review of 30 postal Communications from Sampaio kept in Barcelona and 15 from Pau kept in Oporto, commenting on their relationship which, aside from its cordiality, appears to be of notable interest for the history of Iberian Botany.
The genus Geranium L. (Geraniaceae) in Nort America. I. Annual species
Authors: Aedo Carlos
Published: October 2008

Annual species of Geranium from North America north of Mexico are revised. Eleven species are accepted, of which six belong in subg. Geranium and five belong in subg. Robertium. Geranium bicknelli, G. carolinianum, and G. texanum are the only native species, whereas G. aequale, G. columbinum, G. dissectum, G. lucidum, G. molle, G. pusillum, G. robertianum, and G. rotundifolium were introduced from the Old World. Geranium sphaerospermum, sometimes accepted in current literature, is considered to be a synonym of G. carolinianum. Nomenclature for all species is reviewed, and eight lectotypes are designated. Descriptions, key, distribution maps, and illustrations are included.
The genus Scolymus Tourn. ex L. (Asteraceae): taxonomy and distribution
Authors: Vázquez Francisco M.
Published: October 2008

A taxonomic study of the genus Scolymus Tourn. ex L. is presented. Seven taxa are recognised, two of them new to science: Scolymus hispanicus subsp. occidentalis F.M. Vázquez, subsp. nov., and S. hispanicus [subsp. hispanicus] i. decoloratus Fiori ex F.M. Vázquez,/ nov.; a new combination, S. hispanicus [subsp. hispanicus] var. aggregatus (Ruch.) F.M. Vázquez, comb. & stat. nov., is proposed. The type and full synonymy for each taxon are given. A selection of the specimens studied is presented in Appendix I. Some of the taxa are illustrated in figures.
Analysis of the irrigated crop flora from the South West of Castilla y León
Authors: Velasco Sánchez Juan Manuel , Rico Enrique
Published: October 2008

A study of the flora of irrigated crops in two Spanish provinces (Salamanca and Zamora, SW Castilla y León) has been carried out. After careful analysis of a catalogue comprising more than 344 taxa, we have found that 237 of them (68,9 %) belong to 8 families, the most relevant of which are Compositae, Gramineae and Leguminosae, although the latter is less important among the most frequent species. The best represented chorological group is that of those widely distributed species, to which more than half of the species in the catalogue belong, as well as 85,4 % of the most invasive ones. On the contrary the group of Mediterranean and endemic taxa represent just a third of the total. The predominant biological type is the terophytes (66,6 % of the annotated species), while hemicryptophytes represent 26 % and geophytes just less than 5 %. Anemochory is the commonest dispersal type (ca. 70 % of the species) followed by barochory and zoochory. The latter has greater relative importance (more or less 30 %) among the most harmful plants.
Taxonomic valué of hairiness in Centranthus calcitrapae (L.) Dufresne fruits (Valerianaceae)
Authors: Silvestre Santiago
Published: October 2008

Two different phenotypes have been observed with regard to fruit hairiness in Centranthus calcitrapaethroughout the Iberian Península, Baleario Island and France: hirsute and glabrous fruits. In this paper the inheritance of this character in two Andalusian populations has been inferredby using artificial crossings. It has been shown that fruit hairiness is based on a simple two-allele mendelian locus being hairiness dominant over the recessive glabrous fruits. Therefore,this character should not be used for separation of taxa.
The evolution of montane vegetation in the eastern sector of the Ayllón massif (Central Mountain Range). Pollen analysis of a core from Pelagallinas peatbog
Authors: Franco Múgica Fátima , García Antón Mercedes , Maldonado Ruiz Javier , Morla Juaristi Carlos , Sainz Olleros Helios
Published: October 2008

Pollen and charcoal analyses of a core from Pelagallinas peatbog, located in the Sierra de Alto Rey at the eastern sector of the Central Mountain Range (Guadalajara), show the environmental history of the montane vegetation during the last 4000 years. The results indícate the importance of pinewoods in the landscape of these mountains. These pine forests were replaced by heather communities contemporaneous with fires as indicated by the increase of particles of charcoal. Birch found refuge in peatbogs, though it nearly disappeared during the last millennium. The Pelagallinas' sequence shows a remarkable and constant presence oí Fagus throughout the core, providing the oldest date for the occurence of this taxon for the Central Mountain Range.
The genus Geranium L. (Geraniaceae) in North America. II. Perennial species
Authors: Aedo Carlos
Published: October 2008

Perennial species of Geranium from North America north of México are revised. Nineteen species are accepted, of which seventeen belong in subg. Geranium and two belong in subg. Robertium. Geranium erianthum, G. maculatum, G. oreganum, G. sylvaticum, G. caespitosum, G. californicum, G. lentum, G. wislizenii, G. richardsonii, G. viscosissimum are native, whereas G. pratense, G. sanguineum, G. potentilloides, G. sibiricum, G. thunbergii, G. retrorsum, G. solanderi, G. pyrenaicum and G. palmatum were introduced from Europe, Asia, and Oceania. Geranium eremophilum, G. fremontü, G. parryi, G. marginóle and G. cowenii, sometimes accepted in currant literature, are considerad to be synonyms of G. caespitosum. Similarly, G. strigosum and G. attenuilobum are synonymized to G. viscosissimum, and G. concinnum to G. californicum. Nomenclatura for all species is reviewed, and seventeen lectotypes are designated. Descriptions, key, distribution maps, and illustrations are included.
Seed dimensions and volume as predictors of sed weight in herbaceous species in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Sánchez Ana M. , Azcarate Francisco M. , Arqueros Laura , Peco Begoña
Published: October 2008

Although seed weight is a key factor in understanding the reproductive biology of plant species, its value is unknown for a large proportion of the herbaceous species in the Mediterranean basin. This paper presents data on seed weight, dimensions and volume for 1 18 herbaceous species in acidic Mediterranean scrub and grassland in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula. This information is used to design predictive models of seed weight using multiple regression models. taking into account the phylogenetic effect. Five groups of models were designed: one using Trifolium species. three. using the families represented by the largest number of species (Catyophyllaceae, Asteraceae and Poaceae); and finally a general model using one species from each of the families present in the sample. The models are rated according to the absorbed variante, their significance in relation to the previous in complexity and the effort required to obtain the data for each one. We also test the validity of seed dimension data taken from literature sources to predict seed weight. The 1-0 seed dimensions are excellent weight predictors in the case of Trifolium (Weight = - 24.55 + 0.10D1 + 3.38D2, r2 = 0.94) and Asteraceae (Weight = - 20.90 + 1.19D1 + 1.67D2, r2 = 0.91) and are quite satisfactory in the case of the general model (Weight = - 16.01 +0.56D1 + 1.6002, r2 = 0.69).
Description and culture of a new myxomycete, Licea succulenticola
Authors: Mosquera Juan , Lado Carlos , Estrada-Torres Arturo , Beltrán Tejera Esperanza , Wrigley De Basanta Diana
Published: October 2008

A new succulenticolous myxomycete of the genus Licea is described based on material from Spain (the Canary Islands), Mexico and the US A. It is very similar to L. biforis but differs in its smaller sporophores. and its bigger orange-yellow spores.The spores have a thick wall that is thinner and lighter towards one side. These differentiating characters were stable in spore to spore culture on agar.
Lichenicolous fungi from Ecuador. II. Two new species on Placopsis
Authors: Etayo Javier
Published: October 2008

Two species of lichenicolous fungi on Placopsis gélida are described from Ecuador: Capronia andina (also collected from Costa Rica and Colombia) and Roselliniopsis palicei. A diagnosis of Nectria byssophila, collected for the first time in America on Stereocaulon is presented. The new combination Cosmospora marelliana is proposed and Epicymatia microspora is synonymized with Phacopsis thallicola.
Check-list of the Piperaceae of Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Fero Maximiliano , Cabezas Francisco , Aedo Carlos , Velayos Mauricio
Published: October 2008

A check-list of the Piperaceae from Equatorial Guinea is presented, with 13 species. Three species are known from Annobón, 13 species from Bioko and 5 species from Río Muni. The best represented genus is Peperomia, with 10 species. The other two genera. Piper and Pothomorphe, are represented by two and one species, respectively. Additionally, bibliographic references on Piperaceae of Equatorial Guinea (223 records) have been gathered and revised. Peperomia mollera and Piper capense are recorded as new to Río Muni.
Shrubland species distribution in acid and basic soils at Grazalema Mountains, South Spain
Authors: Gallego Fernández Juan Bautista
Published: October 2008

The presence of Mediterranean shrubland woody species on acid or basic soils was studied at Grazalema Mountains. Transects were made at 137 sampling sites in the study área and 74 species were recognized. Phlomis purpurea. Cistus albidus. Quercus rotundifolia and Ulex baeticus were the most frequent species, being present at 70 % of the transects. Pistacia lentiscus. Rubia peregrina and Daphne gnidium were found in 50 % of the transects. From the total species recorded, 67 species were located on basic soils and 55 on acid soils; 19 species (25.7 %) were located only on basic soils and 7 species (9.5 %) only on acid soils; 21 species were significantly more frequent on basic soils, and 10 species on acid soils. The number of species per transect were significantly higher on basic soils (13.2 ± 3.8) than on acid soils (10.3 ± 3.7). Differences in species number are related to a higher number of species displaying a narrow distribution in the basic shrublands as well as due to species loss in the acid shrublands, as a consequence of geographic isolation and human disturbance.
Phenology, aerobiology and production of an olive grove in Almodóvar del Campo (Castilla-La Mancha)
Authors: Saénz Laín Concepción , Gutiérrez Bustillo Montserrat , Alcolado Sánchez Mateos Vicente
Published: October 2008

The results of twelve years of observations on olive grove phenology at the experimental grove in Almodóvar del Campo (Ciudad Real) are presented. Daily atmospheric pollen analyses of Olea at the same site over the last three years are also reponed. A statistical study relations flowering to climate variation is presented. The influence of minimum temperatures and accumulated rainfall on the initiation of the opening of the corolla (E) is confirmed. The duration of the stage from the beginning to the completion of flower opening (phase F) is lengthened when there is rainfall during this phase. Annual totals of atmospheric Olea pollen are compared to the olive production in the municipality and in the experimental grove, for the three years and show a similar trend.
Plant specimens collected by the Scientific Commission to the Pacific (1862-1865). I. Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Brazil and Uruguay
Authors: Blanco Paloma , Pardo de Santayana Manuel , Morales Ramón
Published: October 2008

Plants from the MA herbarium, that were collected by the Scientific Commission to the Pacific expedition, have been studied. In the countries cited, 2899 samples, corresponding to 1070 numbers (602 taxa, 146 families), were collected.
The genusGuenthera Andr. in Bess. (Brassicaceae, Brassiceae)
Authors: Gómez-Campo César
Published: October 2008

A group of nine species -now included in Brassica— differ from all the other species in several characters, mainly in the stylar portion of their pistils always without seed primordia. Also in their branched subterranean stem (caudex) with several leaf rosettes, their leaves entire to deeply pinnatifid but never pinnatisect, their shallowly notched cotyledons and their flattened, elliptic or ovoid seed contour. It is suggested to include these species under the generic denomination Guenthera Andr, in Bess. New ñames for the species and subspecies are provided, as well as a determination key for the species.
Check list of the Iberian and Balearic orchids. 2. Ophrys L. – Spiranthes Rich.
Authors: Galán Pablo , Gamarra Roberto
Published: October 2008

A check list of the taxa of the family Orchidaceae found in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands is presented in alphabetical order. This section includes the genera from Ophrys to Spiranthes, down to the rank of variety, but excluding hybrids. We have gathered together the correct names, with their corresponding place of publication, synonyms and indicatio locotypica. Also included are some observations in those genera and species that present nomenclatural and taxonomic problems. Lectotypes for Orchis broteroana Rivas Goday & Bellot. and O. mascula subsp. laxifloraeformis Rivas Goday & Bellot are designated here
Check list of the Melastomataceae of Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Parmentier Ingrid , Geerinck Daniel
Published: October 2008

A chec klist of the Melastomataceae of Equatorial Guinea is presented with 57 taxa. Three species were accepted based only on literature records, their distribution área strongly suggests their presence in Equatorial Guinea. Six species are known from Annobón, 23 from Bioko and 49 from Río Muni. Best-represented genera are Memecylon (10), Calvoa (10) and Tristemma (7). Twenty-six taxa are newly recorded for the country. Heterotis obamae Lejoly & Lisowski is set in synonymy with the previously described Heterotis arenaria Jacq.-Fél.
Orobanche flava Mart, ex F.W. Schultz (Orobanchaceae) in the Iberian Península
Authors: Pujadas Salvá Antonio J.
Published: October 2008

Orobanche flava is reported in the N of the Iberian Península. Its diversity and distribution is analyzed for the península: var. flava in the Pyrenees and var. albicans Rhiner in the Cantabrian Mountain chain. Lectotypification of O. flava var. albicans Rhiner [ZT] is proposed. To facilítate the identification of O. flava we emphasize its differential morphological characters and an original icon is contributed.
Phylogeny and biogeography of the Canarian Solanum vespertilio and S. lidii (Solanaceae)
Authors: Anderson Gregory J. , Bernardello Gabriel , Bohs Lynn , Weese Terri , Santos-Guerra Arnoldo
Published: October 2008

The endemic and rare Solanum vespertilio and S. lidii from the Canary Islands are notable in being andromonoecious, self compatible, highly heterandrous (with short >reward= anthers and one very long >pollination= anther), and bearing strongly zygomorphic corollas. Solanum vespertilio flowers are also tetramerous, and some display enantiostyly. Given their island distribution, uncommon for solanums, and many distinctive reproductive features, the phylogenetic position is of interest. With new molecular data from the chloroplast trnT-F region and the nuclear granule-bound starch synthase gene (GBSSI or waxy), we confirm the hypothesis that these two species are phylogenetically associated with Solanum lineages from Africa, rather than with previously suggested Mexican species. The phylogeny facilitates understanding the evolution of the unique suite of reproductive characteristics in these island endemics.
Análisis cariológico de ocho especies de encinos (Quercus, Fagaceae) en México
Authors: Flores-Maya Saúl , Flores-Moreno Ivonne , Romero-Rangel Silvia , Rojas-Zenteno Carlos , Rubio-Licona Liliana Elizabeth
Published: October 2008

Karyotype analyses of eight species of the Quercus genus were performed and are reported here. Five species (Q. candicans, Q. crassifolia, Q. elliptica, Q. hintonii and Q. urbanii) belong to the Lobatae section and three (Q. frutex, Q. obtusata and Q. rugosa) to the Quercus section. This is the first report of the chromosome numbers of all of them except Q. rugosa, and demonstrate that they are diploid (2n = 2x = 24) and the karyotypes are moderately asymmetrical.
Taxonomic revision of Ornithogalum subgen Cathissa (Salisb.) Baker (Hyacinthaceae)
Authors: Martínez-Azorín Mario , Crespo Manuel B. , Juan Ana
Published: October 2008

As a part of a taxonomic revision of the Iberian taxa of Ornithogalum, results corresponding to O. subgen. Cathissa are reported. Quantitative and qualitative characters are studied in detail, and they are evaluated for the taxonomic value of morphological characters of the three considered taxa: O. concinnum, O. broteroi, and O. reverchonii. A complete description is presented for all accepted species, and data on their biology, habitat, and distribution are also included. Moreover, a key is provided to facilitate identification.
Wigandia brevistyla: a new Hydrophyllaceae from the Dominican Republic
Authors: Cornejo Xavier
Published: October 2008

Wigandia brevistyla X. Cornejo is segregated here from W. pruritivaSpreng. due to its characteristics. Very short styles, shorter corollas and a distinctive allopatric distribution, that is restricted to the central mountain range (Cordillera Central) in the Dominican Republic.
Starch reserves in Neotropical species of Marattia (Marattiaceae-Pteridophytes)
Authors: Lavalle María del Carmen , Mengascini Adriana
Published: October 2008

Starch grains found within the parenchymatous tissues of the rhizomes of seven Neotropical species of Marattia Sw. (M. alata Sw.,M. cicutifolia Kaulf., M. excavata Underw., M. interposita Christ, M. laevis Sm., M. laxa Kunze and M. weinmanniifolia Liebm.) were studied here for the first time. Qualitative optical methods, a microscope provided with polarized light, and scanning electron microscopy have been used. Statistical tests have been applied to the results. Some morphological traits, such as shape, outline, size, and position of hilum are diagnostic at the specific level.
Studies on Neotropical Apocynaceae XXXII: three new species of Prestonia (Apocynoideae, Echiteae) for South America
Authors: Morales J. Francisco
Published: October 2008

Three new species of Prestonia subgenus Prestonia, P. cogolloi, P. premontana and P. racemosa, from Colombia, Venezuela and Peru, respectively, are described and illustrated, and their relationships with related taxa discussed, including distribution, phenology, additional specimens examined and a key of the group.
Ecological responses of epilithic diatoms and aquatic macrophytes to fish farm pollution in a Spanish river
Authors: Camargo Julio A. , Jiménez Alma
Published: October 2008

We examined the ecological responses of epilithic diatoms and aquatic macrophytes to organic pollution and nutrient enrichment caused by a trout farm effluent in the upper Tajuña River (Guadalajara, Spain). Four sampling sites were selected over the study area: one site (S-1) placed upstream from the trout farm was used as a reference station; sampling sites S-2, S-3 and S-4 were set, respectively, about 10, 100 and 1000 metres downriver of the trout farm outlet. The river bottom was mainly stony with cobbles and pebbles at S-1, S-3 and S-4, but at S-2 it was covered by a thick layer of organic sediment. Although some macrophyte species (Apium nodiflorum, Groenlandia densa) were either absent or fewer downstream of the farm, abundance (% coverage) and diversity (number of species) for the aquatic macrophyte community as a whole increased. In contrast, epilithic diatoms were completely absent at S-2, and some species (Diploneis parma, Fragilaria ulna, Gomphonema angustatum, Nitzschia dissipata) were also absent at S-3 and S-4. Indeed, diatom diversity (number of species) was lower at S-3 and S-4 than at S-1. However, diatom abundance (cells/cm2) was higher at S-3 and S-4 than at S-1. Biological indices for diatoms (IBD, TDI) indicated a better water quality at S-1 than at S-3 and S-4, with a clear tendency to improve with distance from the fish farm. In contrast, biological indices of macrophytes (IM, IVAMG) indicated a similar water quality at S-1, S-3 and S-4, but with bad water quality at S-2. We conclude that epilithic diatoms may be more useful than aquatic macrophytes for biological monitoring of fish farm pollution in fluvial ecosystems. However, as historical and seasonal factors may be relevant to understanding the distribution, abundance and diversity of primary producers in running waters, further studies on long-term seasonal changes are needed to improve the use of macrophyte and diatom indices in assessing fish farm pollution.
Presence of hermaphroditic flowers of Quercus rugosa (Fagaceae) in the Mexico state (Mexico)
Authors: Romero Silvia , Rojas E. Carlos , Garay-Velázquez Olivier H.
Published: October 2008

Hermaphroditic flowers of Quercus rugosa Née are reported for the first time from Xochitla Ecological Reserve (Tepotzotlán municipality, State of Mexico). Their floral structure is described and supporting photographs and illustrations are provided.
Regional variation in Argentinean populations of Bromus catharticus (Poaceae) as measured by morphological
Authors: Aulicino Mónica B. , Arturi Miguel J.
Published: October 2008

Thirty-one populations of Bromus catharticus Vahl., collected from the Pampean Dominion (Argentina), were classified using twenty four highly heritable traits by numerical taxonomic methods. After implementing a stepwise discriminant analysis, 18 traits were chosen as classificatory variables. Eight population groups were classified in two main clusters. Different morphotypes, primarily associated with panicle architecture and micro floral traits, were found. The patterns in the morphological variation seem to correspond to a gradient of humidity and temperature that diminishes from the NE to the SW. This pattern of classification reflects the geographical origin for most of the sampled populations, although there was some noise. Our results fit the patchy variation model, where populations are genetically selected for macro and micro environmental conditions.
Cartografía catastral en España
Authors: Alcázar Molina Manuel G.
Published: October 2008

Apoyándose en una somera introducción histórica se presentan los documentos gráficos más destacados empleados en el Catastro español. Acto seguido, y tras analizar el marco legislativo en el que está inmersa, se exponen las principales características de la cartografía catastral española.
El sector cárnico en Asturias
Authors: Feo Parrondo Francisco
Published: October 2008

El sector cárnico es, tras el lácteo, el más importante del medio rural asturiano. El cese de muchas pequeñas explotaciones lecheras, por tener una cuota reducida, ha propiciado un incremento de la ganadería destinada básicamente a la producción de carne. En este trabajo analizamos las modificaciones recientes en el tipo de explotaciones ganaderas, sus cambios productivos, mercados, industrias cárnicas, mataderos y matanzas caseras, que se están modificando por los cambios legislativos, económicos, de consumo y por el logro de la Indicación Geográfica Protegida “Ternera Asturiana”.
Variabilidad hídrica y edáfica de humedales peninsulares interiores a partir de imágenes Landsat (TM y ETM)
Authors: García Rodríguez María Pilar , Pérez González María Eugenia , Sanz Donaire Juan José
Published: October 2008

En el presente trabajo se han analizado varios humedales del centro de España. Se han observado grandes diferencias entre los datos obtenidos en el trabajo de campo y la información suministrada por algunos satélites medio ambientales. Normalmente, en verano, cuando las lagunas están secas, los humedales estacionales muestran una superficie blanquecina debida a la precipitación de las sales, que contrasta con el color azulado de estos humedales en las imágenes de satélite. Se sugiere que esta aparente paradoja puede ser debida al hecho de que el sensor capta información tridimensional y no sólo la superficie de las lagunas. A veces, en las regiones mediterráneas semiáridas las imágenes de satélite se pueden utilizar para diferenciar los humedales alimentados con aguas subterráneas de aquellos que no tienen contribución de aguas subsuperficiales.
Rasgos climáticos, relieve y vegetación en tierras valencianas a través de la mirada de Cavanilles
Authors: Marco Molina Juan Antonio
Published: October 2008

Se aborda una interpretación del contenido bioclimático de las Observaciones de Cavanilles (1795-1797) que permite plantear una caracterización de las tierras valencianas en diferentes temples y sus matices. Esta diferenciación resulta de la utilización de especies vegetales (algarrobo y olivo) como indicadores de las condiciones térmicas. Temples y termómetros vivos constituyen un binomio equiparable a termoclimas y plantas bioindicadoras. Paralelismo que adquiere mayor significación cuando se incluyen las reflexiones de Cavanilles sobre los montes, donde son las especies nativas las que indican el temple.
Instrumentos para el estudio del medio ambiente: métodos para la valoración del coste ambiental
Authors: Sotelo Navalpotro José A.
Published: October 2008

La Geografía, la Economía,..., las Ciencias Sociales hasta tiempos muy recientes, no se han preocupado del estudio de métodos que valoren económicamente el respeto o la agresión al medio ambiente. En este trabajo se estudian estos métodos, su evolución y situación actual. Tras una breve referencia a los contextos teóricos explicativos que permiten explicar los procesos medioambientales, se establece una base teórica, un método de trabajo y una metodología. También se analizan las posibilidades de los métodos para hacer una Geografía o una Economía en las que se tengan en cuenta este tipo de relaciones. Se acaba con una valoración general sobre la situación de los mismos con diversos ejemplos, pues, a pesar de los avances realizados en este sentido, queda mucho por hacer en diversos aspectos.
La toponimia urbana de barrios en Castilla y León
Authors: Tomé Fernández Sergio
Published: October 2008

El objeto del trabajo es la recopilación sistemática y la interpretación geográfica de los topónimos de barrios en las ciudades de Castilla y León, rescatando nombres perdidos y dando sentido a otros que, estando vivos, no son suficientemente valorados como recurso cultural