bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crossroads of Conservatism
Authors: Burke Kyle
Published: January 2019

The rise of the US conservative movement in the 1960s opened new possibilities for the anticommunist international. Marvin Liebman, William F. Buckley, Clarence Manion, and other leaders helped create an international crossroads that linked conservative activists, students, businessmen, politicians, and media figures from the United States to kindred forces abroad. In the Caribbean basin, these influential Americans allied themselves with authoritarian right-wing regimes in Nicaragua and Guatemala, and lent support to Cuban exiles bent on retaking their homeland from Fidel Castro. In Southeast Asia, they joined leaders from Taiwan, South Korea, and South Vietnam in calling for greater Asian involvement in the Vietnam War. They also collaborated on psychological warfare campaigns to sway the hearts and minds of ordinary people in Vietnam and other zones of conflict. In Africa, conservative Americans worked on behalf of Moïse Tshombe’s breakaway regime in the Congo, before shifting their efforts to the newly independent, white-supremacist state of Rhodesia. Moving in ever-wider arcs abroad, U.S. conservatives brought home parables about the kinds of action needed to purge the United States of any vestige of communism.
Bernardo de Gálvez
Authors: Quintero Saravia Gonzalo M.
Published: January 2019

Although Spain was never a formal ally of the United States during the American Revolution, its entry into the war tipped the balance against Britain. Led by Bernardo de Gálvez, supreme commander of the Spanish forces in North America, Spanish military campaigns against British settlements on the Mississippi River—and later against Mobile and Pensacola—were crucial in preventing Britain from concentrating all its North American military and naval forces on the fight against George Washington’s Continental army. This first comprehensive biography of Gálvez (1746–86) examines in detail the commander’s considerable historical impact and expands our understanding of Spain’s contribution to the war. A man of both empire and the Enlightenment, Gálvez was also pivotal in the design and implementation of Spanish colonial reforms while viceroy of New Spain (1785–86),, which included the reorganization of Spain’s Northern Frontier that appeased the region for the duration of the Spanish presence in North America. Extensively researched through Spanish, Mexican, and U.S. archives, the book’s portrait of Gálvez reveals him as central to the histories of the Revolution and late eighteenth-century America and offers a reinterpretation of the international factors involved in the American War for Independence.
You Zip Your Lips
Authors: Coggeshall John M.
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes the white settlement of the Blue Ridge Foothills of upper South Carolina and the documentation of slavery and slave life in the region prior to 1865. The chapter draws upon local (published) histories and some (oral) family histories to document the lives of several enslaved individuals as well. In these family stories are examples of resistance to enslavement and their agency in maintaining their lives.
Practicing Gradual Emancipation
Authors: Hartog Hendrik
Published: January 2019

This chapter offers a summary of core features of the evolving law of gradual emancipation between 1790 and the 1820s. It focuses on three arenas of conflict: manumissions, both formal and informal, poor relief, and the movement of enslaved peoples into and out of the state of New Jersey. Throughout, it emphasizes the legal and extra-legal strategies of slaveholders looking to retain their properties and to limit their liability and their costs.
Counterfeit States
Authors: Balachandran Orihuela Sharada
Published: January 2019

This chapter looks to overlapping discussions of American economic health and growth to present a complex story about the circulation of currency as well as the circulation of late-eighteenth century conceptions of American personhood in the works of Charles Brockden Brown and Stephen Burroughs. These imaginative accounts of counterfeiting dramatize the intimate bonds of normative conceptions of citizenship and national currency. This chapter shows how discourses of counterfeiting distinctly frame the social and political geographies of the early American republic. Moreover, the lack of uniform paper currency in the early Republic (which produces social, political, and economic instability) mimics the lack of a uniform understanding of national citizenship in this same period to such a degree that some late eighteenth century authors respond to this dual precarity by proposing that counterfeiting a uniquely American form of self-making, both because the counterfeiting enterprise gives rise to new, albeit economically unstable, homo economici, and because these new economic bodies are themselves forging and/or imitating the dress, behaviors, and codes of propriety in order to capitalize on counterfeit currency. Thus, counterfeiting alleviates some of the anxiety about the lack of uniform national citizenship.
Unsettling Subjects
Authors: Balachandran Orihuela Sharada
Published: January 2019

Though the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) ostensibly extended American citizenship to the Mexican landed class at the conclusion of the Mexican American War and ensured their property rights despite the transfer of land to the U.S., they were nonetheless stripped of formal claims to their property and forced to enter into lengthy and costly legal battles to regain possession of these ranches. Hidalgos had to compete with Anglo agricultural settlers (or squatters), as well as with the railroad barons looking to expand railways in the newly annexed territories. Women are able to best navigate the unstable political economy of the borderlands through the act of squatting, understood broadly to mean the settlement of “unoccupied” land. Read alongside the significant historical events including various land laws and pre-emption acts of the mid-nineteenth century, hidalgo women perform forms of ownership that upend the racialized and gendered logics of citizenship, and the intimate ties between property and rights. The Squatter and the Don recasts the “problem” of Mexican land occupation as U.S. anxiety over territorial expansion and colonization made more complex by the presence of differently racialized populations along the borderlands.
Tu Peor Es Nada
Authors: Chávez-García Miroslava
Published: January 2019

Chapter 2 situates the historical lens to south of the border—to Calvillo, Aguascalientes, specifically—to probe how and why María Concepción “Conchita” Alvarado, the author’s mother, a vibrant, free-spirited young woman, eventually went through with the wedding, even though she had little interest in settling down and forming a family and expressed few emotional and romantic feelings of love toward José. As a muchacha (young woman) in a relatively insular pueblo, Conchita lived a life that revolved around schooling and her friends, attending the local movie theater and participating in festivities, and spending time at her cousins’ rancho as well as supporting an increasingly impoverished and conflicted household. Yet, after only three face-to-face meetings and three years of an epistolary-based courtship across hundreds of miles, Conchita married José and migrated to the border region where he lived and worked. In the process, she left behind her youth, her family, her closest confidante, Asunción (Chifis), her older sister, and the only world she had known for eighteen years.
Conclusion
Authors: Chávez-García Miroslava
Published: January 2019

The conclusion details how the creative art of letter writing and 300 plus letters written in the 1960s and 1970s at the heart of this study have proven an invaluable source of insight on the past and present world. Indeed, the intricate and detail-laden missives provide a window onto the ways in which immigration policies and practices impacted the every-day lives of migrants and those left behind. They demonstrate, too, how migrants and non-migrants alike built, nurtured, and sustained intimate, emotional, and social relationships across vast distances, including nation-state divides. Despite the ability of distance and time to weaken, at best, and destroy, at worst, personal, family, and community relations, the notes indicate that migrants pursued their hopes and dreams and sometimes nearly lost and shattered them altogether. Embedded in a richly textured social, political, economic, cultural, and historical context, the notes provide a unique lens onto the lives of ordinary people negotiating extraordinary circumstances in their attempts to establish transnational lives that could sustain them and the loved ones who stayed at home.
Introduction
Authors: Quintana Ryan A.
Published: January 2019

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book’s argument, explaining the emphasis on state space, developmental politics, and slavery. It examines the broader historiography of political development in early America, and the South in particular. And it explains the importance of focusing on the everyday practices of the enslaved to better understand the production of the modern state.
Multi-timescale variations of modelled stratospheric water vapor derived from three modern reanalysis products
Authors: Tao Mengchu , Konopka Paul , Ploeger Felix , Yan Xiaolu , Wright Jonathon S. , Diallo Mohamadou , Fueglistaler Stephan , Riese Martin
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Stratospheric water vapor (SWV) plays important roles in the radiation budget and ozone chemistry and is a valuable tracer for understanding stratospheric transport. Meteorological reanalyses provide variables necessary for simulating this transport; however, even recent reanalyses are subject to substantial uncertainties, especially in the stratosphere. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the consistency among SWV distributions simulated using different input reanalysis products. In this study, we evaluate the representation of SWV and its variations on multiple timescales using simulations over the period 1980–2013. Our simulations are based on the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) driven by horizontal winds and diabatic heating rates from three recent reanalyses: ERA-Interim, JRA-55 and MERRA-2. We present an inter-comparison among these model results and observationally-based estimates, using a multiple linear regression method to study the annual cycle (AC), the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), and longer-term variability in monthly zonal-mean H2O mixing ratios forced by variations in the El-Nino–Southern Oscillation and the volcanic aerosol burden. We find reasonable consistency among simulations of the distribution and variability of SWV with respect to the AC and QBO. However, the amplitudes of both signals are systematically weaker in the lower and middle stratosphere when CLaMS is driven by MERRA-2 than when it is driven by ERA-Interim or JRA-55. This difference is primarily attributable to relatively slow tropical upwelling in the lower stratosphere in simulations based on MERRA-2. Two possible contributors of the slow tropical upwelling in the lower stratosphere are found to be the large long-wave radiative effect and the unique assimilation process in MERRA-2. The impacts of ENSO and volcanic aerosol on H2O entry variability are qualitatively consistent among the three simulations despite differences of 50–100 % in the magnitudes. Trends show larger discrepancies among the three simulations. CLaMS driven by ERA-Interim produces a neutral to slightly positive trend in H2O entry values over 1980–2013 (+0.01 ppmv decade-1), while both CLaMS driven by JRA-55 and CLaMS driven by MERRA-2 produce negative trends but with significantly different magnitudes (−0.22 ppmv decade-1 and −0.08 ppmv decade-1, respectively).
Sedimentary alkalinity generation and long-term alkalinity development in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Gustafsson Erik , Hagens Mathilde , Sun Xiaole , Reed Daniel C. , Humborg Christoph , Slomp Caroline P. , Gustafsson Bo G.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Enhanced release of alkalinity from the seafloor,
principally driven by anaerobic degradation of organic matter under
low-oxygen conditions and associated secondary redox reactions, can increase
the carbon dioxide (CO2) buffering capacity of seawater and therefore
oceanic CO2 uptake. The Baltic Sea has undergone severe changes in
oxygenation state and total alkalinity (TA) over the past decades. The link
between these concurrent changes has not yet been investigated in detail. A
recent system-wide TA budget constructed for the past 50 years using
BALTSEM, a coupled physical–biogeochemical model for the whole Baltic Sea
area revealed an unknown TA source. Here we use BALTSEM in combination with
observational data and one-dimensional reactive-transport modeling of
sedimentary processes in the Fårö Deep, a deep Baltic Sea basin, to
test whether sulfate (SO42-) reduction coupled to iron (Fe)
sulfide burial can explain the missing TA source in the Baltic Proper. We
calculated that this burial can account for up to 26 % of the missing
source in this basin, with the remaining TA possibly originating from
unknown river inputs or submarine groundwater discharge. We also show that
temporal variability in the input of Fe to the sediments since the 1970s
drives changes in sulfur (S) burial in the Fårö Deep, suggesting
that Fe availability is the ultimate limiting factor for TA generation under
anoxic conditions. The implementation of projected climate change and two
nutrient load scenarios for the 21st century in BALTSEM shows that
reducing nutrient loads will improve deep water oxygen conditions, but at
the expense of lower surface water TA concentrations, CO2 buffering
capacities and faster acidification. When these changes additionally lead to
a decrease in Fe inputs to the sediment of the deep basins, anaerobic TA
generation will be reduced even further, thus exacerbating acidification.
This work highlights that Fe dynamics plays a key role in the release of TA
from sediments where Fe sulfide formation is limited by Fe availability, as
exemplified by the Baltic Sea. Moreover, it demonstrates that burial of Fe
sulfides should be included in TA budgets of low-oxygen basins.
Neglecting plant–microbe symbioses leads to underestimation of modeled climate impacts
Authors: Shi Mingjie , Fisher Joshua B. , Phillips Richard P. , Brzostek Edward R.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The extent to which terrestrial ecosystems slow climate change by
sequestering carbon hinges in part on nutrient limitation. We used a coupled
carbon–climate model that accounts for the carbon cost to plants of
supporting nitrogen-acquiring microbial symbionts to explore how nitrogen
limitation affects global climate. To do this, we first calculated the
reduction in net primary production due to the carbon cost of nitrogen
acquisition. We then used a climate model to estimate the impacts of the
resulting increase in atmospheric CO2 on temperature and
precipitation regimes. The carbon costs of supporting symbiotic nitrogen
uptake reduced net primary production by 8.1 Pg C yr−1, with the
largest absolute effects occurring in tropical forest biomes and the largest
relative changes occurring in boreal and alpine biomes. Globally, our model
predicted relatively small changes in climate due to the carbon cost of
nitrogen acquisition with temperature increasing by 0.1 ∘C and
precipitation decreasing by 6 mm yr−1. However, there were strong
regional impacts, with the largest impact occurring in boreal and alpine
ecosystems, where such costs were estimated to increase temperature by
1.0 ∘C and precipitation by 9 mm yr−1. As such, our results
suggest that carbon expenditures to support nitrogen-acquiring microbial
symbionts have critical consequences for Earth's climate, and that
carbon–climate models that omit these processes will overpredict the land
carbon sink and underpredict climate change.
Regulating Restraint and Seclusion in Australian Government Schools: A Comparative Human Rights Analysis
Authors: McCarthy Tony S
Published: January 2019

The misuse of restraint and seclusion in Australian primary and secondary schools has received considerable exposure in recent years. Several Australian jurisdictions have recently reviewed laws and policies governing their use in schools. Yet reports about the inappropriate use of these practices remain prominent and raise concerns about whether existing regulatory frameworks do enough to protect the rights of children with disabilities in schools. This paper undertakes the first comparative analysis of existing regulatory frameworks governing the use of restraint and seclusion in Australian government schools, both primary and secondary, and considers whether existing frameworks are compliant with international human rights obligations under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (‘CRPD’) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (‘CRC’). The paper reveals substantial variation in regulation between jurisdictions, and demonstrates that significant reform is necessary to bring existing regulatory frameworks into alignment with human rights norms.
Contemporary Legal and Ethical Challenges in Children’s Health: Reproduction, Technology, Capacity, Medicine and Violence – Editorial
Authors: Smith Malcolm
Published: January 2019

This special issue of the QUT Law Review focuses on contemporary legal and ethical problems in the sphere of children’s health and reproduction. The special issue arises from a multidisciplinary colloquium hosted at the Queensland University of Technology in July 2017, by the Australian Centre for Health Law Research (‘ACHLR’). This colloquium was attended by a diverse group of experts in the field, including legal scholars, legal practitioners, bioethicists and health practitioners. It was encouraging to see a number of attendees from the colloquium submit papers to this special issue, as well as a range of other leading scholars in the field. The focus on children’s rights is timely in the current Australian social and political climate and the research undertaken by the contributors to this special issue is significant in terms of conceptualising the rights of children, and analysing the extent to which the law prioritises their welfare and protects their interests.
2018 WA Lee Equity Lecture:
Authors: Russell AM RFD QC David
Published: January 2019

May I commence by acknowledging the honour done to me by asking me to give this, the nineteenth WA Lee lecture. I studied Equity, in part, under Professor Lee and he was a prominent member of the teaching community at my University College.

At that time, and later, I came to appreciate the extent to which his reputation was established, not just in Australia, but throughout the common law world. Perhaps the most telling of a number of indications, once publications such as the masterful Ford & Lee are put to one side, is the fact that when Donovan Waters QC, former Oxford don, STEP Honorary Member and one of the negotiators of the Hague Trust Convention,[1] visited Australia as a guest of STEP, the one Australian he specifically asked us to arrange for him to meet was Tony Lee. 

So to give this lecture before an audience including Tony Lee, fills me with not a little trepidation. He – and no doubt many others of you – will be immediately aware of any errors or imperfections.  It is small consolation that, on this occasion at least, he will not be marking the paper. 

In choosing the topic for the paper, I had in mind a paper given by the Hon Dyson Heydon, AC QC, to the first STEP Australia Conference.[2]  Mr Heydon QC observed that:

This paper is an edited version of a paper presented at the 2018 WA Lee Equity Lecture delivered on 21 November 2018 at the Banco Court, Supreme Court of Queensland, Brisbane.

* AM RFD QC; BA (UQ), LLB (UQ), LLM (UQ).

[1] Adopted by Australia and implemented in the Trusts (Hague Convention) Act 1991 (Cth).

[2] JD Heydon, ‘Modern Fiduciary Liability: the Sick Man of Equity’ (2014) 20 Trusts & Trustees 1006.
Analysing the relationship between diversification strategy and firm performance: the role of the economic cycle
Authors:   Departamento de Ciencias Administrativas, Calle 70 No. 52 – 21 Oficina 13-403 C.P.050010, Medellín (Colombia). esteban.lopez@udea.edu.co, López Zapata Esteban , García Muiña Fernando Enrique ,   Área de Organización de Empresas, Pº de los Artilleros, s/n, C.P. 28032, Madrid, (España). fernando.muina@urjc.es, García Moreno Susana María ,   Área de Organización de Empresas, Pº de los Artilleros, s/n, C.P. 28032, Madrid, (España). susanamaria.garcia@urjc.es
Published: January 2019

The relationship between corporate strategies and firm performance has been one of the key debates in the discipline of Strategic Management. There are studies that analyse the moderating role that certain variables may play in that relationship. These variables tend to refer to aspects within the firm or, at the very least, within the competitive environment in which a firm operates. Nevertheless, the empirical evidence on the part the general environment plays from an economic perspective is much less common, and focuses on large corporations and on periods of economic growth. Accordingly, using a panel of 1,828 Spanish manufacturing firms of different sizes, an analysis is conducted of the differences in Return On Assets (ROA), Growth in Sales (GS) and Labor Productivity (LP) between specialised firms, those with related diversification, and those with unrelated diversification, between 2002 and 2011, in which there was a period of growth alternated with another one of economic recession. Although some superiority is noted of related diversification and specialisation over unrelated diversification, the differences between strategies are less significant in periods of economic recession, and vary according to the dimension of performance considered. These results reveal the need to consider the economic cycle as a contingent factor that affects the impact corporate strategies have on firm performance.
Political Interference in Working Capital Management (WCM) Decision-making of Firms in Ghana
Authors: Inusah Nasiru , Dwommor Josheph Yaw
Published: January 2019

This paper assess the prevalence of political interference in WCM decision-making of firms and whether there is any difference in the extent to which WCM decisions of SOEs and PPOEs are susceptible to political interference. Data collected for this study is survey responses from senior executives of firms in Ghana on whether WCM decisions of their firms are influence by political interference, fully controlled by management or influence by regulations of government. Survey questionnaire were administered to a sample of 120 firms consisting of SOEs and PPOEs. It is found that as a whole, there is less low prevalence of political interference and high incidence of managerial control over WCM decisions of firms. However, the evidence suggest that ownership status of a firm (SOE or PPOE) significantly influence the level of political interference in firms WCM decision-making. SOEs appear more susceptible to political interference and government regulations with less managerial control over WCM decision-making as compared to non-state-owned firms. Intuitively, these findings reflect the fact that WCM is key to the survival of the firm and hence both SOEs and politically influential firms in the sample protects their WCM decisions from external interference. The key implication of these results, inefficient WCM in both SOEs and PPOEs might not be due to external influence from political power and government regulations but other factors identified in the literature such as managerial incompetency, agency problem among others.
Implication of Paradigm Conflicts on Theory Development in Strategic Management
Authors: Kim Konghee , Tan James
Published: January 2019

The strength of strategic management largely results from its ability to integrate diverse ideas and theories from different fields of study and apply them to real-world organizational issues. However, strategy researchers generally lack an understanding of the potential issues surrounding the paradigm conflicts that are often involved in interdisciplinary research. In response, this paper emphasizes the importance of epistemological paradigms in scientific research and discusses implications of paradigm conflicts on theory progression in strategic management. Suggestions to reduce such paradigm conflicts in interdisciplinary fertilization are also provided.
The individual in the semiotic landscape
Authors: Eckert Penelope
Published: January 2019

I present the extreme proposal that change spreads by virtue of its role in a system of social meaning. And since individuals cannot construct meaning on their own, they can play no elemental role in sound change. Based on ethnographic-variationist studies of sound change among preadolescents and adolescents, I challenge two common assumptions in the study of variation and change: (1) that sound change is autonomous, and (2) that change spreads from individual to individual, by imitation and in isolation. Whatever its origins, whether from linguistic pressures (“change from below”) or social pressures (“change from above”), sound change spreads by virtue of its incorporation into a semiotic landscape, as non-referential material is recruited into signs articulating social distinctions. Participation in this landscape connects the individual to the immediate community and to the larger social order and it is through participation in this landscape that speakers produce and perceive – and accelerate – changes in progress.
Reminiscence and Recompense: Reuse and the Garage Sale
Authors: Herrmann Gretchen M.
Published: January 2019

Among the mix of motivations that inspire people to sell and shop at garage sales is the desire to prevent the disposal of still usable goods. Sales can be so effective for redistributing consumer goods and reducing waste that numerous municipalities, such as Sunnyvale, California and Sydney, Australia, promote their sales through a community-wide staging. Lengthy corridor sales in the U.S., like that held annually on Route 127 (the “World’s Longest Yard Sale”), serve the same function, drawing positive media attention and promoting civic pride. But unlike the mundane act of recycling used papers and cans at the curb, making goods available for reuse at garage sales is an action loaded with personal sentiment. Second-hand purchases are often imbued with “sticky” emotional orientations (Ahmed 2010) and reminiscences. This article therefore examines the garage sale as a site for redistributing goods with emotions and histories attached. Participants derive some small recompense in the form of money made, the acquisition of inexpensive goods, and the self-satisfaction associated with reducing waste, but shoppers and sellers are also allied in a tug of war against the landfill to claim the future of goods, especially the storied items adopted by shoppers. Beneath their goal of cleaning out the garage, garnering some extra cash, or obtaining a bargain, participants assert that the reuse of and care for still serviceable goods is meritorious and morally praiseworthy. In the process of reuse, they enhance their moral selves and perform a good deed, however minor, by preserving both the stories of these objects and the embattled earth.
Electronic Life Histories: At Home with E-waste Waste Materialities and Meaning
Authors: McMullen Shannon , Zanotti Laura , Cooper H. Kory
Published: January 2019

The interdisciplinary Electronic Life Histories Project integrates behavioral archaeology, engineering, anthropology, art, material culture, and science and technology studies to employ a life history model, community-based research and creative engagement to address the making of electronic waste. Focused in the Greater Lafayette area of Indiana, which is home to a major university, this project examines the entanglements among people, electronics and waste-making. Specifically, this paper focuses on a significant interstitial stage between reuse and discard. We consider the stories and meanings affixed to electronic objects once they have entered people’s homes, and the complex lives they have before they are discarded, reused, or repurposed. We find ‘closet fill’ or junk drawers of electronic devices, bits, bytes and peripherals are often unintentional collections that are situationally valued through a constellation of factors that include emotional attachments, technological obsolescence, imagined use-value, as well as discrepancies between perceived value and market value. While the problem of closet fill has been discussed by scholars, how electronics enter this interstitial stage, why they remain and what motivates movement out of this part of the life history of objects have not been closely examined. We suggest a life history approach can make these interstitial phases visible in a way that illuminates the key factors in keeping electronics versus discarding. As opposed to descriptions of waste as disorderly, abject, or disgusting, our work shows that objects at the interstices of wasting practices embody, represent, and express many meanings to participants socially, spatially, and structurally.
Os últimos serão os primeiros, ou do prisma de formação caribenha como descolonização do ser
Authors: Borda Erik W B
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho segue as pistas de um comentário feito por Stuart Hall acerca de sua própria trajetória, por ele qualificada a partir da ideia de “prisma de formação caribenha”. O tema é abordado aqui pelo escopo da emancipação, argumentando que a busca pela realização de universais políticos, em particular o de liberdade, ganha tons específicos no mar do Caribe. Esses tons são, em última instância, onde reside o potencial descolonizador do ser, tal como fora desenvolvido por Nelson Maldonado-Torres. Discute-se como uma tradição de discussão sobre a temática da emancipação que remonta a Hegel é nas mãos de um autor caribenho, Fanon, deslocada por tal prisma de formação caribenha. Por fim, argumenta-se que o movimento realizado por Fanon não se limita apenas à sua obra, mas encontra expressão intelectual em outros autores da região, e que uma Sociologia Política do Atlântico Negro deve levar a sério esse engajamento específico possibilitado pelo “prisma” como categoria analítica.
Empresários ou políticos? recursos socioeconômicos e posicionamentos profissionais de deputados federais no Brasil
Authors: Engler Icaro
Published: January 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a diversificação de posições sociais concomitantes com os cargos dentro do espaço político. Neste sentido, elencou-se um universo de pesquisa com 235 casos que tivessem ligação com atividades econômicas e que também desempenhassem a função de Deputado Federal, entre 1990 e 2010, no Brasil. As informações permitiram categorizar: a longevidade das carreiras políticas, a posse de patrimônios econômicos, os recursos escolares disponíveis e as lógicas das apresentações ocupacionais e profissionais condicionadas por estes recursos anteriores. Por fim, foi possível demonstrar que existe uma estratégia de reprodução social, fundada nesta diversificação e mobilização de recursos como trunfos sociais, ou seja, a lógica destes casos não é se fechar no espaço político mas sim ocupar diferentes posições em espaços distintos para além da política.
Hannah Arendt contra as tiranias do bem e da verdade na política
Authors: Costa Jean Gabriel Castro da , Zilio Lara Bethânia
Published: January 2019

A partir de trabalhos recentes que destacam os elementos trágicos do pensamento de Hannah Arendt, procuramos mostrar que a reflexão de Nietzsche sobre o niilismo tem um papel relevante na crítica de Arendt à tradição da filosofia política. Em seguida, analisamos duas características da tradição que para Arendt seriam particularmente nocivas para a política: a tirania da verdade e a desmedida do Bem.
Patriarchy Rejected: A Feminist Reading in Some Selected Poems by Adrienne Rich and Fatima Naoot
Authors: Raslan Usama
Published: January 2019

The present paper offers a comparative feminist reading of the American poet Adrienne Rich and the Egyptian poet Fatima Naoot. It aims at analyzing both Rich’s and Naoot’s poetry in terms of feminist criticism demonstrated particularly in Beauvoir and Millett’s theory of patriarchy. The collections from which the poems under study are selected are Rich’s The Fact of a Doorframe: Poems Selected and New, 1950-1984 (2002), and Naoot’s A Bottle of Glue (2007). The selected poems are Rich’s “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers”, “An Unsaid Word”, and “Power”, and Naoot’s “The Cock’s Crest”, “A Goose”, and “Isis”. The analysis of these poems motivates one to infer three essential points regarding the poetic achievement of both poets. First, patriarchy is a male programming engineered by the male to subdue and decentralize the female by treating the latter as if she were a sexed being, or rather the inessential other. Second, this inferior position of woman motivates Rich and Naoot to incorporate Beauvoir and Millett’s theory of patriarchy into their verse. In order to achieve this objective, both poets set up a poetic vision in terms of which they portray how patriarch marginalizes and subordinates woman. Lastly, the close reading to the selected pieces denotes that they rotate around the systematized oppression of women. Such is the common theme of Rich and Naoot’s verse.
How Engaged Customers Can Help the Brand: An Empirical Case Study on a Higher Education Institution (University) in Egypt
Authors: Sheikh Samia Adly Hanna El
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this paper is to investigate through an empirical research the relationship between Customer Engagement Behavior (CEB) and some of its alleged outcomes that include Benevolence/Trust, affective commitment and future patronage in a service sector which is Higher Education. Thus, this research investigates customer engagement constructs of conscious attention and emotional participation that lead to various favorable behaviors by the customer, which in turn leads to favorable outcomes of benevolence, affective commitment and future patronage. The researcher starts by a survey of literature which handles various aspects of CEB which include: possible types of these behaviors, factors affecting CEB, outcomes of CEB and CEB as compared to other marketing concepts. Next, the researcher proposes a model where engaged students (CE) will undertake favorable behaviors (CEB) which in turn will lead to favorable outcomes of Benevolence/trust, future patronage/repurchase intention and affective commitment. The researcher tests the model using Partial Least Squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and empirical data from a survey (self-administered questionnaire) that was distributed among 5 faculties of one private university in Egypt based on a case study approach. The results show that we accept the hypotheses of the model of the model yet the researcher suggests application on other universities to further test the model. Moreover, the researcher invites further research of other favorable outcomes of CEB as loyalty to be considered. The researcher also suggests an investigation of unfavorable CEB as bad word of mouth (WoM) and harmful blogging or unfavorable reviews.
Mechanical Proof of the Maxwell Speed Distribution
Authors: Lin Tsung-Wu , Lin Hejie
Published: January 2019

This article derives the probability density function ψξ;x,x'  of the resulting speed ξ  from the collision of two particles with speeds x  and x' . This function had been left unsolved for about 150 years. Then uses two approaches to obtain the Maxwell speed distribution: (1) Numerical iteration: using the equation

Pnewξ=0∞0∞ψξ;x,x' ∙Poldx∙Poldx' dxdx'  

to get the new speed distribution from the old speed distribution. Also, after 9 iterations, the distribution converges to the Maxwell speed distribution. (2) Analytical integration: using the Maxwell speed distribution as the Poldx , and then getting Pnewξ  from the above integration. The result of Pnewξ  from analytical integration is proved to be exactly the Maxwell speed distribution.
“You Must Do Something”
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

Yale’s football team is supported by Yale students through attendance at practices and games and paying subscriptions that help with the team’s costs. To fellow students, Camp seems “in love with the game”; he is often seen handling and passing the large oval rugby ball, and he holds a ball while studying to build his grip. He also plays baseball, and in 1878, after being challenged to participate in Yale’s annual intramural track event and then practicing with typical seriousness of purpose, he wins the hurdles race. Camp also writes poetry and submits it for publication in the Yale Lit. All in all, he fits naturally in a student body that expects students to work at some extra activity and do it with all their might.
The Extracurriculum and Beyond
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

Five thousand spectators watch Princeton and Yale play at Elysian Fields in Hoboken on Thanksgiving Day 1878, only the third year the two teams have contested in rugby and only the third year of established intercollegiate play (under a governing organization with standard rules). Camp becomes a full-time varsity baseball player, batting .300 and having the second-highest fielding average on the team. He is elected to Skull and Bones, Yale’s oldest secret senior society.
Still under Construction
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

The 1880 rule’s scrimmage definition has a problem in that it allows a “block” game in which one team holds possession of the ball indefinitely to prevent play and avoid a likely loss. Safeties also continue to be abused to prevent the stronger team from winning. At the 1881 rule-making convention, compromise legislation partially penalizes safeties. But indefinite or unlimited ball possession is still possible and is used in games after the convention to block meaningful play and prevent a loss.
Career Realities
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

Camp fails his final medical school exams and seeks other employment, first in the watch business in New York (Manhattan Watch Company) and then, at the invitation and support of Yale graduates and students, as a supervisor and instructor or “coach” of student-managed sports at Yale.
Why American Football Grew
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

The huge newspaper coverage given American football beginning especially in the late 1880s and led by Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World contributes importantly to the game’s growth. But the game’s inherent appeal comes first, foundational and indispensable, and Camp’s downs-and-distance, five-yard (or ten-yard) rule is central to that appeal. By subdividing the game into downs that each tell a story, Camp’s rule creates a stream of compelling narratives that propel the game forward. Also, the existence for each down of a defined and often imperative yardage goal presents tasks suitable for study, planning, innovation, and strategy, all of which strengthen and build interest in the game. A conviction among faculty of football’s educational value further promotes growth.
Second Most Important Man in New Haven?
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

Camp is honored at a February 1892 Madison Square Garden dinner, where he is called the “creator” of American football and credited as the reason for Yale’s outstanding athletic success. Two months later, an idea he conceived and instigated is announced, the “Yale Financial Union,” to pool and conserve Yale’s athletic income for major future expenditures and to support minor sports. During 1892, at age thirty-three, he is passed over when the New Haven Clock Company names a new company president, but according to an article on Yale sports in Harper’s Weekly, he is nevertheless one of the best known and most admired men in New Haven.
“A Chief Charm of the Game”
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

Mass play (in which offensive players bunch together, typically including linemen moved into the backfield, to pound forward on a narrow spot in the defensive line) is growing in use by 1892 but is criticized as dangerous and hiding too much of the play. Camp responds in 1893, arguing in Harper’s Weekly that mass play should be allowed, but in limited amounts. He proposes a rule change to encourage teams to voluntarily try plays other than mass plays. The year 1892 also brings the addition of momentum plays (some offensive players are in forward motion before the ball is put in play), introduced by a Harvard kickoff play called the “flying wedge.” Camp is at first noncommittal on momentum plays. Overall, Camp likes to see imagination used to develop plays; he considers the exercise of imagination as “one of the chief charms” of American football. He also believes coaches are of value: any team “serious about winning” should have a coach.
Critics and Defenders
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

Some American opinion leaders such as E. L. Godkin, editor of the Nation and the New York Evening Post, attack American football in 1893 as “brutal.” Later that year, a committee chaired by Camp sends questionnaires asking former American football players about their injury experience and other effects of playing football. Out of nearly one thousand replies, the vast majority report no significant permanent injury and were glad they had played. A medical doctor responsible for caring for Harvard’s varsity and intramural players reports his experience and data in a leading medical journal; he favors continuing football but advocates players have a physical exam before competing. A leading college president, Francis Walker of MIT, gives a major talk in which he defends college sports, including football, and says he believes most college presidents see good in them.
Officially a Yale Official
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

In 1899 a new Yale president (Arthur Hadley) makes Camp the effective “athletics director” at Yale, a paid part-time position. Camp is also named to the University Council, a new administrative organization generally comprising Yale professors; to give Camp appropriate academic credentials, Yale awards him an honorary master’s degree. Camp continues as an advisory football coach and in 1900 develops a set of tackle-back tandem plays (further developing plays first devised by Harry Williams), adding variation and deception to make the plays unusually effective; Camp reportedly develops American football’s first “mousetrap” play off this set of plays. Yale continues to have a dominant athletic record that sets them apart as an elite college athletic program and makes them a logical and famous setting for the adventures of Frank Merriwell.
The Frankenstein of College Athletics
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

Football’s growth accelerates after World War I, influenced by increased exposure and participation during the war and by increased and new forms of media coverage. Colleges go on a stadium-building boom, with more than fifty permanent concrete stadiums built during the 1920s. But Camp is unhappy about what he calls the “over-organization” of college football in which resources are concentrated on the football team rather than applied to benefit the whole student body, all of whom he believes should have an opportunity to participate in athletic sports or other forms of physical exercise. He does continue to name an All-America team in Collier’s Weekly and also writes a weekly sports column in the magazine for a year during 1923 and 1924.
Privilege, Racialization, and Exclusionary Cosmopolitanism in Transnational Trajectories
Authors: Alcalde M. Cristina
Published: January 2019

This chapter introduces exclusionary cosmopolitanism as a theoretical framework for approaching transnational Peruvian identities. Within transnational Peruvian and more specifically limeño spaces cosmopolitan belonging is often shaped by existing hierarchies: some migrants belong, others are denied inclusion by middle and upper- class limeños. The chapter examines racialization and racial hierarchies in Peru, particularly in Lima, and the construction and treatment of indigenous internal migrants as the historically inferior other for middle and upper-class limeños. It brings into the discussion of cosmopolitan belonging how processes of racialization and othering also impact and are reinforced by international migrants, who had previously considered themselves to be part of the unmarked privileged middle and upper- classes.
Persistent Hierarchies and Transnational Lives
Authors: Alcalde M. Cristina
Published: January 2019

The concluding chapter reiterates the more prominent threads throughout the book. It further examines the processes of exclusion at the heart of Peruvian racial-gender-class hierarchies in the realm of migration and return migration.
Lectures on Liberation
Authors: Davis Angela Y.
Published: January 2019

This chapter presents a selection of the lectures that Professor Angela Davis gave in her “Recurring Philosophical Themes in Black Literature” course at the University of California, Los Angeles. These lectures are meant to highlight the less talked about parts of the history and enslavement of black people and to place that history in an illuminating philosophical context. Two lectures are presented in this chapter. The first explains one of the central pillars of oppression, how keeping an oppressed class ignorant and uneducated is a key way to keep them in a disadvantaged state, and uses the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass to show certain philosophical themes. For the second lecture, Davis uses the Narrative once again to show the contradictory way slaveholders practiced Christianity and justified unfreedom through religious texts.
Douglass’s Declarations of Independence and Practices of Politics
Authors: Gooding-Williams Robert
Published: January 2019

This chapter takes Frederick Douglass’s work My Bondage and My Freedom and brings it into conversation with W. E. B. Du Bois’s essay collection The Souls of Black Folk. This comparison is intended to complicate the traditional understanding of African American political thought by looking at Du Bois’s reliance on the authority of Douglass in his critique of other black leaders, such as Booker T. Washington. This reliance has caused the two to be lumped together as assimilationists despite the fact that Douglass shows himself to be more a reconstructionist than an assimilationist. Also contrasting the two, this chapter takes a critical look at Du Bois’s defense of the politics of expressive self-realization, which is predicated on the anomaly theory of white supremacy, and shows how Souls argues against this expressivist viewpoint and reveals white supremacy as a nonanomalous form of domination. Furthermore, the chapter describes plantation politics and the ramifications of it for unfreedom and struggles to achieve the free life.
Frederick Douglass
Authors: Storing Herbert J.
Published: January 2019

This chapter looks at Frederick Douglass’s through a Straussian argument that the black’s greatest struggle was the struggle to become part of the American political community. His own struggle to become part of the civilization that white men possessed at the time was based in this desire for there to be a black presence in American politics. Douglass saw that the transition to include African Americans in politics must be done without damaging the basic structure of that civilization. He also stressed how blacks needed to make the most of the opportunities that were available to them so that more opportunities could open up, not just for them but for the community at large. He strove for blacks to work and be the best at what they do because their doing so would disrupt the system and lead to justice.