bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Personal View- Solution-Focused Therapy: The Research and the Literature, Where Do We Go From Here?
Authors: Macdonald Alasdair
Published: June 2023

After a brief reflection on the development of psychotherapy up to the present day, I summarise the current evidence base for Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) and Solution-Focused approaches to organisational process (130 published outcome studies). Becoming familiar with the literature has changed over the last 50 years. It is no longer a matter of chatting to colleagues in your own field. New projects are published in many countries and languages. The database is now extensive and we need to develop strategies and systems which will enable us to keep pace with the expanding area of knowledge. How may this be done?
The Break (and Summary) in Solution­ Focused Brief Therapy: Its Importance and Client Experiences*
Authors: Huber Frances , Durrant Michael
Published: June 2023

The end-of-session break was nominated by Steve de Shazer as an essential component of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy; yet it is an aspect often ignored or eschewed by many Solution-Focused therapists. After reviewing the history and development of the break and the end-of-session message, this paper argues that the recency effect in cognitive psychology highlights the importance of how therapists conclude their sessions and that, if the way the session ends is important, perhaps it warrants some time to consider and plan. A qualitative study suggests that the break is not only useful to therapists but that clients report that the therapist taking a break and then providing a summary message enhances the benefit of the session for them. Limitations of the study are discussed and it is suggested that the findings contribute to discussion and ongoing evolution of the Solution-Focused approach.
A response to Hesford & MacLeod (2022): Rejection of a model estimating high densities of mountain hares in the Peak District, England.
Authors: Bedson Carlos , Metcalf Oliver , Symeonakis Elias , Mallon David , Reid Neil
Published: June 2023

A recent Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust (GWCT) report (Hesford & MacLeod 2022) suggested densities of mountain hares (Lepus timidus) may reach 52 - 125/km2 in parts of the Peak District, England. These are notably higher than previous and current estimates of 5 - 33 hares/km2 (Matthews et al. 2018; Bedson et al. 2022). We review Hesford & MacLeod (2022) who based their methods on those used in a review of mountain hare survey methods in Scotland (Newey et al. 2018). This review demonstrated a weak, non-significant relationship between hare encounter rates using spotlight surveys of walked transects at night and estimated densities derived from spatial capture-recapture (SCR) methods on managed heather moorland (p=0.08). Newey et al. (2018) recommended that this relationship should not be used to estimate hare densities. We reproduce the Newey et al. (2018) linear model and confirm its poor predictive ability and show that removal of one outlier reduces an already marginal relationship to a near-flat line (p=0.80). Hesford & MacLeod (2022), nonetheless, used this relationship to estimate hare densities along non-randomly placed transects. We conclude that reportedly high mountain hare densities estimated by Hesford & MacLeod (2022) are biased and based on a model with little predictive power; more recent Distance Sampling estimates are from 37 - 96% lower (Bedson et al. 2022). It is important that wildlife monitoring methods robustly account for survey bias and error, detection probability and variation between habitats, especially if results are to inform potential population management interventions.
Application of Nave Bayes Algorithm for Security Performance Evaluation at PT. Sei Mangke Nusantara 3
Authors: Handayani Fifin , Sembiring Rahmat W. , Saifullah
Published: June 2023

Security serves as a security guard in an agency. In carrying out his duties a security must have a balance and functions in achieving the needs of an agency itself. In the world of work at an agency, especially security, which plays a role in maintaining the security of the agency. In the current era of security, there are those who are not responsible for their duties, so that an agency does not feel comfortable with the security. The purpose of this study to evaluate the performance of security at PT. Sei Mangke Nusantara Tiga and to create a safe and orderly atmosphere. In this study, the researchers used a Data Mining technique using the Naïve Bayes algorithm. Sources of research data obtained from the provision of questionnaires or questionnaires to danton PT. Sei Mangke Nusantara Tiga. The variables of the research used are discipline, attendance, honesty, communication skills and responsibility. In this study, the alternative used as a sample is security at PT. Sei Mangke Nusantara Tiga. The number of data tested is 5 security with two classes. From the results of the calculation of the Naïve Bayes Algorithm, it is obtained that there are 3 classes of good security and 2 security classes that are not good. The results of this study found that the level of accuracy of 100.00%.
Application of the C4.5 Algorithm in Teaching Teachers' Skills on Learning Effectiveness
Authors: Sari Feby Widya , Safii M.
Published: June 2023

Teachers as educators and education personnel have a very important role in improving the quality of education in schools. In an effective teaching and learning process, teacher skills in teaching are very important. This study aims to classify the skills of teachers in SMA Yayasan Pendidikan Keluarga using the Decision Tree method with the application of the C4.5 Algorithm in order to improve the teaching system in an effort to increase students' understanding of the learning process. In determining the teaching skills of teachers, classification is carried out into the labels "Relevant" and "Not Relevant" which has 5 variables, namely Age, Length of Work, Number of Teaching Hours, Students, and Learning Media. Sources of data used in this study obtained by conducting observations and interviews.
Grouping Medical Record Data By Type Diseases With K-Means Algorithm
Authors: Remonaldi Purba
Published: June 2023

Health is a very valuable thing for human life, because anyone can be affected by health problems without realizing what causes it. People who pay less attention to their health are more likely to get sick. Lack of awareness in protecting and preserving the environment will lead to the rapid spread of disease. Efforts in disease prevention are needed by increasing public awareness about the importance of clean and healthy living behavior. In the application of the k-means algorithm for data processing in finding medical record files in the form of notes and documents about patient identity, examination, treatment, and other service actions given to patients. Clustering is a data analysis method that performs the modeling process without supervision (unsupervised) is also a method that performs data grouping with a partition system. The result is grouping using K-Means Clustering which can help in grouping by type of disease and age, the results are divided into children and toddlers, young and adults, old and elderly.
Application Of The C4.5 Algorithm To Determining Student's Level Of Understanding
Authors: Adeita A. Ndraha  , Hardinata Jaya Tata , Purba Yuegilion Pranayama
Published: June 2023

This research was conducted to find the rules of the model in measuring the level of students' understanding of the subject. During this pandemic, the learning process is carried out online, so it is difficult to measure students' ability to master the material. This measurement needs to be done so that the evaluation process can be carried out so that the ability of students in one group to achieve the target level of understanding. Currently, evaluation activities have never been carried out because they do not have a model so that evaluation can only be done by giving quizzes and exercises. This problem can be solved by using data mining algorithm C4.5. Attributes used as parameters for assessing student understanding of lessons such as Teaching Method (C1), Learning Media (C2), Communication (C3), Experience (C4), Teaching Materials/Modules/Assignments (C5), Learning Duration (C6). The six attributes are used to find the relationship between each other that influence each other to get the highest root so that a decision tree will be obtained that produces the rules of the relationship between each attribute in determining student understanding of the subject. This rule or rule will be used as the basis for making an information system so that it can be applied to end users, namely schools.
Impact of Educational Games To Introduction Tourist Destination In Central Java On Elementary School Student
Authors: Satria Budi
Published: June 2023

Educational games are learning media in the form of games that contain material in them. Includes questions, guessing pictures or etcetera. Educational games can also become alternative learning media in the covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the effect of educational games on the understanding of elementary school students regarding the introduction of tourist objects in Central Java. The method is pre-experimental research through pretest and posttest to determine the effect of two variables but there is no control group. Students of SDN 3 Purbalingga Lor are the subjects of this study, with a frequency of 14 students. Pretest data was obtained, the lowest score was 10 and the highest was 70, with an average grade as 33. If you look at posttest results, the highest score was obtained with a score of 100 and the lowest score was 80, with an average grade of 95. This proves the educational games have an effect on the ease of students in understanding the material, especially to know tourist attractions in Central Java.
WEB-BASED STICKER ORDERING INFORMATION SYSTEM
Authors: Adwiya Rabiatul Adwiya
Published: June 2023

Ordering is an activity that is often carried out when transacting in trade or services between customers and providers of products and services. At printing office the ordering process is used to order sticker prints where the customer can place an order without coming directly to the printer, the problem that occurs is that there is often a difference in data in ordering and ordering financial statements because when placing an order there are still several applications that can be used. lead to a higher error rate. The design of the sticker ordering information system on the printing office Web-based administrator uses a prototype method that defines the workflow of the system starting from the activities of designing applications. The result of this design is a design in the process of making cover letters to archiving cover letters. Web design on this information system uses Draw.io as a diagram editor in making UML, use cases, activity diagrams, ERD and LRS.
Analysis Of Multiple Regression Data Mining Methods On The Prediction Of Ibtidaiyah School Registration
Authors: Fica Oktavia Lusiana
Published: June 2023

Data mining originates from data explosion problems experienced by agencies / companies that have collected data from various kinds of transactions. Data mining is the process of looking for patterns or interesting information in selected data using certain techniques or methods. Techniques, methods, or algorithms in data mining vary widely. The choice of the right method or algorithm is very much dependent on the objectives and the overall Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD) process. The algorithm used in this research is Multiple Linear Regression. School is a suitable place for the application of this method, therefore this research was conducted at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Sinaksak Foundation School. The purpose of this study, among others, was to determine the number of registrants at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Foundation School (YMI) Sinaksak. In this study, researchers used multiple linear regression association data mining methods. Sources of research data used are observation and interview methods. It is hoped that from the research the school can make a decision or strategy in the estimation of registrants in the following year.
Knearst Algorithm Analysis – Neighbor Breast Cancer Prediction Coimbra
Authors: Prahmana I Gusti , Annatasia Br Sitepu Kristina
Published: June 2023

A process to explain the results of the KNN algorithm analysis with the prediction of Breast Cancer Coimbra disease (Breast Cancer). The prediction output of the KNN algorithm will be added with the Simple Linear Regression algorithm modeling to measure the predictive data through a straight line as an illustration of the correlation relationship between 2 or more variables. Linear regression prediction is used as a technique for the relationship between variables in the prediction process of the Breast Cancer Coimbra data set (Breast Cancer). for the value of K in analyzing the KNN algorithm, take the nearest neighbor with the ranking results with K = 5 nearest neighbors which are taken in the KNN calculation. Which is where the output of the KNN algorithm classification will be analyzed with the Simple Linear Regression algorithm with Dependent (Cause) and Independent (effect) variables. The test results determine that the patient has breast cancer and the number of predictions based on age with glucose means that the patient is predicted to have breast cancer. analyze the KNN algorithm with Simple Liner Regression modeling with Python programming language.
Implementation of the Importance Performance Analysis Method in Measuring the Level of Community Satisfaction with Service Performance
Authors: Haumetan Efrida_R , Nababan Darsono
Published: June 2023

Service can be said to be satisfactory, if the service can meet community satisfaction. A satisfaction is achieved if the service received by the community is in accordance with what is expected. To determine the level of community satisfaction with service performance at the Department of Population and Civil Registration, North Central Timor Districts, it is necessary to have a system to measure the level of community satisfaction. The measurement of community satisfaction is carried out using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method which considers the level of interest or expectations of the respondents, with indicators or dimensions in the form of physical tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The result of this research is the construction of a website-based Measurement System that is able to determine the level of community satisfaction with the performance of the services provided. Measurement using the IPA method, obtained performance that must be improved or reduced based on its quadrant mapping with 25 attributes, which are divided into 4 quadrants, namely quadrant I (main priority) 8attributes, quadrant II (maintain achievement) 3 attributes, quadrant III (low priority) 3 attributes, and quadrant IV (excessive) 11 attributes.
Decision Support System For The Determination Of Field Work Practice Results In Students Using The Moora Method (Case Study : Pt. Telekomunikasi Binjai)
Authors: Novriansyah
Published: June 2023

PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Binjai Branch is an information and communication company as well as a complete telecommunications service and network provider in Indonesia. Acceptance of students to carry out Field Work Practices (PKL) is one of the important goals for companies to introduce the world of telecommunications in Binjai City. Street vendors are student activities directly in professional work activities at an institution, company or institution within a certain period of time in accordance with the curriculum. And to overcome these problems we need a method that can predict the number of new installations. After carrying out the Field Work Practice (PKL) in the company, students are entitled to get the results of the activities that have been carried out during the PKL. The number of students who carry out PKL in the company makes it difficult for office employees to provide PKL results from each of the existing students. Based on the results of research that has been done at PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Binjai Branch, the process of assigning value to the results of street vendors activities is done manually. In this study a Decision Support System (DSS) will be built using the Multi-Objective Optimization On The Basis Of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method which is a method that has a calculation with a minimum and very simple calculation. The system is designed with the PHP programming language and MySQL database, after processing the 15 inputted data, it is found that A15 (Wiratana Sanjaya) is in the first rank. With these results it was also concluded that A15 became a student with the best Field Work Practice results at PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Binjai Branch.
New Paradigm E-Learning Model Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Buaton Relita , Fauzi Achmad , Yel Mesra
Published: June 2023

This research concerns the application of a new paradigm learning that provides flexibility for educators to formulate learning designs and assessments according to the characteristics and needs of students. To improve the quality of education in Indonesia, the government has made various breakthroughs and most recently is a new paradigm learning system to create a Pancasila student profile that accommodates all differences in students, is open to all and provides the needs needed by each individual. Therefore an application system is needed to support learning a new paradigm based on artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence plays a role in knowing the level of abilities and needs of students and follow-up learning according to the needs and abilities of students available in online learning media. With the e-learning application, a new paradigm based on intelligence is produced by smart adaptive e-learning that can accommodate each individual or student with a background of different levels of abilities, weaknesses, talents and interests with artificial intelligence and machine learning technology approaches that will identify students with a diagnostic assessment that is used as a recommendation for planning learning according to the needs and abilities of students
Recruitment of STMIK Kaputama Laboratory Assistant with the Waspas method
Authors: Wulandari Sri
Published: June 2023

Decision Support System (DSS) is one of the approaches that can be used in the selection process for accepting laboratory assistants in a tertiary institution. DSS is often used to assist various decision-making processes within an organization. Through the various stages contained in the DSS, it is able to produce the output in the form of the best alternative from the various criteria that have been determined by the decision maker. There are various methods that can be used in relation to DSS, one of which is the Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS). The Decision Support System can speed up the recruitment of new Laboratory assistants according to predetermined criteria when recruiting prospective Laboratory assistants at STMIK Kaputama. The STMIK Kaputama Laboratory is a computer laboratory that is used to support practicum courses at STMIK Kaputama. Each course has at least one assistant. The requirements for prospective laboratory assistants are that they must register and meet the criteria as potential assistants. The results of this study indicate that the proposed model can be used properly in carrying out the selection process for laboratory assistant recruitment. the WASPAS method is able to produce decisions in the form of the best alternative that can be used to assist decision-making parties. so that it can determine who is eligible to be accepted as a computer laboratory assistant at STMIK Kaputama.
Superencryption of BASE 64 Algorithm and ELGAMAL Algorithm on Android Based Image Security
Authors: Usman Gumanti  , A M H Pardede  , Husnul Khair
Published: June 2023

In the current era of globalization, the development of information technology is growing rapidly, there is a possibility that there will be data leaks when the process of exchanging information is carried out, then security becomes a very important aspect which will cause unwanted things, for example manipulation of images in the form of information systems. If this important information falls into the hands of the wrong person, it can be negative and can be detrimental to the image owner. So a security system is designed that functions to protect the data that is sent while maintaining its authenticity and authenticity. Various ways have been developed for data security, one of which is by using cryptography. Cryptography is the science of securing data by using data transformation so that the resulting data cannot be understood by other parties. This transformation can provide a solution to two data security problems, namely the problem of privacy and data authentication. Cryptographic techniques can be used to ensure data security, one of which can be utilized is encryption and description of data or in other words encoding data so that only the person concerned can understand the contents of the data. The proper use of information technology is very important to send private and confidential images to certain parties. These images are still in the form of PNG and JPG extensions, for this reason a security system is needed that can protect images that are transmitted through a communication network, one way that can be done to secure images is using the BASE 64 algorithm and the ELGAMAL algorithm.
A Combination Of A Rail Fence Cipher And Merkle Hellman Algorithm For Digital Image Security
Authors: Irwansyah  , Achmad Fauzi  , Siswan Syahputra
Published: June 2023

Image is a combination of planes, points, lines and colors to create a physical or human object. Images can be in the form of 2-dimensional images, such as photographs and paintings. 3-dimensional image like a statue. The use of image media information has several weaknesses, one of which is the ease with which it can be manipulated by certain parties with the help of increasingly developing technology. In this study, the Rail Fence Cipher and Merkle Hellman methods were applied which aimed to obtain a stronger cipher by utilizing two key levels where an asymmetric algorithm was used to protect the symmetric key. The asymmetric algorithm used is Merkle Hellman and the symmetrical algorithm used is Rail Fence Cipher. The results of this study indicate that applying the Rail Fence Cipher and Merkle Hellman algorithms can secure image files and secure keys for data integrity. Encryption and description processing time is affected by the size and resolution of the image file.
Generøsitetens teologi
Authors: Gregersen Niels Henrik
Published: June 2023

„A Theology of Generosity“, aims to reinterpret the doctrine of grace in the light of postmodern discussions on gift and giving. It is argued that the idea of a divine-human reciprocity is already entailed in the Old Testament term berakah (blessing/thanking) as well as in the New Testament concepts of eulogéo (blessing/praising) and cháris (grace). The concept of reciprocity, however, is in need of a phenomenological clarification. Three conditions for a suitable concept of divine generosity and giving are identified: (1) God must be able to carry the risk of being the first donor without receiving returns; the almighty God is not in need of returns. (2) Grace should not be seen as mere object; rather the self-giving God is present in the gift of grace. (3) The God-human relation should not be conceived of as merely a bilateral relation (with immediate or postponed counter-gifts); rather the grace of God facilitates a wider circulation of gifts. With the gift of grace, human beings receive an impulse to pass on the gifts of grace to other creatures within a multilateral network of giving and receiving. Never, however, should the human ability to do so be seen as a condition for divine generosity.
Galilæa, jord og den historiske Jesus
Authors: Jensen Morten Hørning
Published: June 2023

The socio-economic conditions of Roman Galilee have been discussed intensively in recent years, mainly due to the question’s centrality in the research on the Historical Jesus. Was Galilee on the brink of meltdown or rather in a more prosperous condition? This article intends to further this discussion by focussing on the issue of land ownership. The aim is to see if land was rapidly being moved from independent or semi-independent small-plot owners to large estates controlled by the elite. If so, there is an obvious background for interpreting the Historical Jesus as a rebel against economic oppression. If not, the decisive factors behind the Jesus movement may better be found in a more complex setting with a variety of factors including also an eschatological and religious motivation.
Collegium Biblicum… et Coranicum
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas
Published: June 2023

This article argues – on the occasion of Collegium Biblicum’s 75 anniversary – that qurʾānic studies belong to an important and longstanding scholarly object of investigation in biblical studies – in the past, present, and future. The article sets out with three sections. The first outlines a striking resemblance between the qurʾānic and the biblical universes. The second exemplifies how the Qurʾān stages itself in dialogue with the biblical tradition. The third sketches some characteristic Christian responses to the Qurʾān. The article then proceeds to outline how Danish university theology from early on engaged with the Qurʾān and its language, Arabic. The penultimate section summarizes state-of-affairs since year 2000 and the last section points to current trends and future scenarios and hopes.
Approaching responsibility
Authors: Justenborg Katrine Vraa , Nilsson Ida Andrea
Published: June 2023

Feminist researchers have long argued that refl exivity is key to a responsible research practice. As a method, reflexivity has the capacity to reveal power relations and highlight situated perspectives. Consequently, it has become a mainstream tool in qualitative research. Yet it has also been criticised for producing tick-the-box reflections and promoting a researcher-centric narrative that undermines participants’ contributions to knowledge production. This article takes a sensory approach to reflexivity and considers its methodological implications. Borrowing our interpretation of recognisability from Skeggs (1997), and that of emplacement from Pink’s (2015) conceptualisation of sensory ethnography, we use the compound concept of ‘recognisable emplacement’ as a reflexive theoretical lens with which to analyse the researcher-participant relationship. We are furthermore methodologically inspired by duo-ethnography in that we as co-authors create a collective and reflexive space for analysis. The analysis therefore enables us to illustrate the dynamic negotiations between participants, environment, and researcher, and to shed light on the sensory cues that form these negotiations. Based on an understanding of responsibility as a multifaceted and situated practice we suggest that a sensory approach to reflexivity increases the researcher’s capacity to take responsibility by foregrounding the intersubjectivity of researcher-participant relations.
PrEP, Pharmakon, and Ambivalence in the Era of Nordic HIV Prevention
Authors: Sandset Tony
Published: June 2023

Using Derrida's notion of pharmakon (again from Plato), I want to bring attention to how we can utilize the notion of pharmakon as an analytical device for thinking about the entanglements between pharmaceuticals, and historical HIV narratives, and the contemporary landscape of HIV in the Nordic region. Pharmakon can denote both cure and poison. However, it can also refer to a meaning associated with scapegoating. This article will argue that the introduction of PrEP in Norway (and elsewhere) has set in motion discourses wherein PrEP can be perceived as a form of pharmakon based on the different actors framing the discourse. On the one hand, some have come to see PrEP as a pharmaceutical, which can usher in a new form of freedom that alleviates fears of HIV as well as opens up new intimacies. This is the curative side of PrEP. On the other hand, others have raised fears of the possible rise in other STIs due to PrEP usage, as well as the alleged 'abandonment of condom culture. This can be perceived as the poison side of PrEP. Finally, others have pointed to the moral and fiscal responsibilities associated with PrEP usage and the perceived loss of 'responsible gay sexuality. With the rise of the phrase 'Truvada whore', this can be seen as the scapegoating side of PrEP as pharmakon wherein PrEP users are scapegoated for their use of PrEP, and thus blamed for increases in STIs and lack of funds for other medical services provided by the welfare state such as migraine medicines in the Norwegian discourse. The article will utilize Norwegian material from public debates around PrEP as well as supplement these with discourses from Sweden and Denmark to make a disciplinary conjecture regarding the status of PrEP when seen through the concept of pharmakon.
workings of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) citizenship amongst queer men in Denmark
Authors: Primdahl Nina , Skovdal Morten
Published: June 2023

In 2019, oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), a HIV prevention pill, was made available for ‘at risk’ populations in Denmark with uptake primarily seen amongst men who have sex with men. While PrEP has provided both a revolutionary and emancipatory shift in HIV prevention, providing sexual freedom, safety and health, it is accompanied with firm medical and social surveillance, through which ‘PrEP citizenships’ are produced. This article draws on visual ethnographic data to explore how PrEP users in Denmark experience and reflect on the types of ‘work’ involved with, and moralities arising from, this ‘PrEP citizenship’. We argue that PrEP citizenship is contingent on the resources and abilities of individuals to proactively engage with this ‘work’ and balance the moral ambiguities of PrEP and we demonstrate that engagement with biomedical HIV prevention methods is an inherently social practice, making it desirable and possible for some to access, but not others.
Et internationalt STM-perspektiv på evaluering
Authors: Dolin Jens , Bruun Jesper , Nielsen Jan Alexis
Published: June 2023

ASSIST-ME var et 4-årigt forskningsprojekt, som involverede 11 forskergrupper fra 8 europæiske lande i perioden 2013-2016. Det undersøgte, hvorledes formative og summative evalueringsmetoder kan støtte og forbedre undersøgelsesbaserede tilgange i europæisk science, teknologi og matematik uddannelser med henblik på at formulere guidelines og anbefalinger rettet mod relevante aktører. Det meget komplekse projekt var rammen om en lang række udviklingselementer, med rum for betydelig national variation, koncentreret om fire fælles forskningsspørgsmål. Artiklen beskriver hovedideerne i projektet og derefter koncentrerer sig om tre aspekter: Relationerne mellem formative og summative formål med evaluering og mulighederne for at kombinere dem, det policy-relaterede arbejde, og herunder udvælgelsen af relevante aktører, samt fremtidige forskningsspørgsmål, som udspringer af projektet.
Elevers tidlige skriveudvikling
Authors: Kabel Kristine , Bundsgaard Jeppe , Bremholm Jesper
Published: June 2023

Mange forhold spiller en rolle for skriveudvikling set i et livsperspektiv. I ATEL-projektet (2018-2023) identificerer vi, hvordan elever gennem skolens tre første år udvider deres skriftsproglige repertoire, fra de første skriblerier til de begynder at skrive korte sammenhængende tekster (6-8 år). Konkret har vi analyseret et stort antal billedbøger skrevet af elever i Svendborg Kommune (n=803). Ved at undersøge tidlig skriveudvikling som et flerdimensionelt sprogligt fænomen hen over flere skoleår, adresserer vi et underbelyst område både nationalt og internationalt. I artiklen præsenterer vi et centralt resultat: En model for elevers typiske udvikling af skriftsproglige ressourcer. Derudover fremhæver vi, at vi kan se stor diversitet på hvert klassetrin, som kalder på en differentieret skriveundervisning. På baggrund af den nuancerede og præcise viden om skriveudvikling som den kan ses i elevers tekster, har vi udviklet undervisningsforslag og bud på formativ evaluering til brug for læreren. Vi diskuterer afslutningsvist grundlaget for udformningen af disse forslag.
Højere ordens-tænkning i samfundsfag anskuet i et elevperspektiv
Authors: Christensen Vibeke
Published: June 2023

Artiklen argumenterer for, at en udvidelse af den kognitive forståelse af højere ordens-tænkning i sociokulturel retning vil kunne styrke grundlaget for lærerens stilladsering og elevernes udvikling af højere ordens-tænkning i samfundsfagsundervisningen. Indledningsvist undersøges og diskuteres begrebet højere ordens-tænkning i et teoretisk perspektiv, hvilket leder frem til en forståelse af, at højere ordens-tænkning er produktiv (og altså ikke kun reproduktiv) tænkning, der omfatter både kritisk tænkning og problemløsning. Derefter argumenteres der for, at en undersøgende tilgang til undervisning styrker problemløsning og elevagens og potentialerne eksemplificeres gennem analyse af empiriske data fra samfundsfagsundervisningen i en dansk og en norsk udskolingsklasse. Afslutningsvis viser analyser af læreplanerne for samfundsfag, at det problemløsende aspekt af højere ordens-tænkning er nedtonet til fordel for kritisk tænkning, hvilket kunne indikere en fagspecifik forståelse af begrebet.
Formativ evaluering gør matematik (kultur)relevant for eleven – en kommentar til Højgaard og Niss’ artikel
Authors: Johannsen Bjørn Friis
Published: June 2023

Denne kommentar diskuterer Tomas Højgaard og Mogens Niss’ formative evalueringsideal som er centreret om matematikfaget og spørger hvordan et tilsvarende formativt evalueringsideal ser ud, hvis det i stedet centreres om eleven. Svaret, der findes, er, at et sådant ideal vil trække på teoribygning om kulturrelevant, kritisk raceteoretisk og feministisk pædagogik og være udgangspunkt for en matematik- eller fagdidaktik, som bruger faget som professionsfagligt redskab for at nå et mål, der i stor udstrækning handler om at hjælpe eleven til at finde ud af at bruge fagene til at informere sit perspektiv med. Skolen og fagets projekt handler da om at frisætte eleven fra undertrykkelse og at sætte eleven i stand til at udfordre den herskende sociale orden. Det kan et evalueringsideal, der centreres om faget, ikke.
Sykdommens Etikk – en fortsettelse
Authors: Hofmann Bjørn , Risør Torsten
Published: June 2023

Velkommen til dette temanummeret om Sykdommens Etikk; det andre numme- ret med denne tittelen og en direkte fortsettelse av første nummeret som kom ut våren 2022. På de følgende sider fortsetter vi undersøkelsen av det feltet og den problemstillingen som ble satt opp i det første temanummeret. Denne teksten blir derved en fortsettelse i tillegg til å være en introduksjon. Det gjelder også i høy grad for artiklene – av Lau & Møllebæk, Thoresen & Rugseth, og Andersen & Of- fersen – som kan sees som en fordypelse i en del av det større landskapet som ble skissert i det forrige nummeret.
Mod en hverdagsetik for lægemiddelbrug
Authors: Lau Sofie Rosenlund , Møllebæk Mathias
Published: June 2023

For mange mennesker er det at tage medicin en naturlig del af hverdagen. Alligevel er langt det meste etik på lægemiddelområdet fokuseret på forskning og klinisk anvendelse og ikke på dagligdagen med medicin. I denne artikel tegner vi konturerne af et nyt udgangspunkt for etik om lægemidler; en hverdagsetik for lægemiddelbrug. Hverdagslivet med medicin lader sig ofte ikke beskrive og organisere i henhold til procedurer, guidelines og kvalitetsstandar- der. I stedet fremkommer det etiske igennem de ofte mere subtile forestillinger, vi gør os om, hvad lægemidlerne er og kan bidrage med i vores daglige liv. Gennem empiriske eksempler fra etnografiske feltstudier om medicinbrug i hverdagslivet zoomer vi ind på det medicinske sundhedsarbejde, som det kræver at (gen)skabe det gode hverdagsliv med medicin, og sær- ligt de etiske skisma, der ofte følger med. Til at guide den empiriske analyse tager vi afsæt i Annemarie Mols begreb ontonormer til at få øje på de grundlæggende forskelle, der betin- ger vores syn på og dermed vores praktiske handlinger med lægemidler. Lægemidler i denne post-humanistiske tankegang er ikke kun materielle objekter. De er aktivt med til at forme og forandre de relationer, hvorfra omsorg for os selv og hinanden udspringer. Herigennem bliver det tydeligt, at det at tage medicin også er en etisk praksis, og at den indlejrede etik påvirker måden, vi i hverdagslivet drager omsorg for os selv og hinanden på.
"Kommer noen til å dø?"
Authors: Thoresen Lisbeth , Rugseth Gro
Published: June 2023

Å være åpen om alvorlig sykdom og død har blitt et normativt og moralsk imperativ. I Norge har den nye åpenheten fått synlig utløp gjennom flere populære dokumentarserier på statskanalen NRK. I artikkelen søker vi å forstå mer av fenomenet åpenhet, slik det spil- ler seg ut på TV og særlig knyttet til åpenhet om alvorlig sykdom og død. Vi redegjør for noen aktuelle teoretiske perspektiver på åpenheten, før vi beskriver og diskuterer hvordan åpenhet fremstilles i en episode fra NRK-serien Helene sjekker inn. Den aktuelle episoden er fra en hospiceavdeling. Et sentralt poeng fra vår analyse er at mens både NRK og hospi- cefilosofien argumenterer for betydningen av å være åpen om døden, kan personer som er i livets siste fase fortsatt ha behov for å skjerme seg fra døden som realitet. Gjennom språ- kbruk, kroppslige gester og aktive handlinger viser både pasienter og ansatte i episoden at åpenhet også har grenser og at døden ikke lar seg fullstendig avdekke, men fortsatt hviler i en form for ikke-viten.
Primordial black holes and secondary gravitational waves produced by S-dual inflation model
Authors: Qiang Qi-Chao , Peng Zhi-Qian , Gao Qing ,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Published: June 2023

It is discussed in this work to produce primordial black hole (PBH) dark matter (DM) and scalar induced secondary gravitational waves by using the enhancement mechanism with a peak function in the non-canonical kinetic term in S-dual inflation. It is shown explicitly that the power spectrum for the primordial curvature perturbation can be enhanced at 1012, 108 and 105 Mpc–1, respectively, that the primordial black hole dark matter with peak mass around 10–13 solar mass, the Earth’s mass and the stellar mass are generated, respectively, and that the scalar induced gravitational wave with peak frequency around mHz, μHz and nHz are created, respectively. The primordial black hole with the mass scale 10–13 solar mass can make up almost all the dark matter and the associated scalar induced secondary gravitational waves is testable by spaced based gravitational wave observatory.

The amplitude of primordial curvature perturbations on a small scale can become large by the enhancement mechanism with a peak function in the non-canonical kinetic term. We apply the enhancement mechanism to S-dual inflation to produce abundant PBHs and observable scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs). The power spectrum on a large scale is consistent with observational constraint, and the power spectrum on a small scale is enhanced to the 0.01. It is possible that either sharp peak or broad peak possesses a different peak shape for the peak function by choosing a different value of q. By adjusting the peak position ϕp in the peak function, the power spectrum is enhanced on a different scale, henceforth associated with the generation of SIGWs with a different peak frequency, PBHs with different mass are produced. We choose three different values of ϕp to obtain enhance power spectrum at 1012, 108 and 105 Mpc–1, respectively. The enhanced curvature perturbation produces PBH DM with peak mass around 10–13 solar mass, the Earth’s mass and the stellar mass, and SIGW with peak frequency around mHz, µHz and nHz, respectively. The stellar mass PBHs may explain black holes observed by LIGO/Virgo collaboration, and the earth-mass PBHs may explain the planet 9. The PBH with the mass scale 10–13 solar mass can make up almost all the dark matter. The SIGW with the peak frequency around nHz is testable by pulsar timing array observations, and SIGW with the peak frequency around mHz is testable by space based GW observatory. The results show that the enhancement mechanism with a peak function in the non-canonical kinetic term works for S-dual inflation.
Linking genotypic and phenotypic changes in the E. coli Long-Term Evolution Experiment using metabolomics
Authors: Favate John S. , Skalenko Kyle S. , Chiles Eric , Su Xiaoyang , Yadavalli Srujana S. , Shah Premal
Published: June 2023

Changes in an organism’s environment, genome, or gene expression patterns can lead to changes in its metabolism. The metabolic phenotype can be under selection and contributes to adaptation. However, the networked and convoluted nature of an organism’s metabolism makes relating mutations, metabolic changes, and effects on fitness challenging. To overcome this challenge, we use the Long-Term Evolution Experiment (LTEE) with
E. coli
as a model to understand how mutations can eventually affect metabolism and perhaps fitness. We used mass-spectrometry to broadly survey the metabolomes of the ancestral strains and all 12 evolved lines. We combined this metabolic data with mutation and expression data to suggest how mutations that alter specific reaction pathways, such as the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, might increase fitness in the system. Our work provides a better understanding of how mutations might affect fitness through the metabolic changes in the LTEE and thus provides a major step in developing a complete genotype-phenotype map for this experimental system.
A dynamical computational model of theta generation in hippocampal circuits to study theta-gamma oscillations during neurostimulation
Authors: Vardalakis Nikolaos , Aussel Amélie , Rougier Nicolas P. , Wagner Fabien B.
Published: June 2023

Neurostimulation of the hippocampal formation has shown promising results for modulating memory but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In particular, the effects on hippocampal theta-nested gamma oscillations and theta phase reset, which are both crucial for memory processes, are unknown. Moreover, these effects cannot be investigated using current computational models, which consider theta oscillations with a fixed amplitude and phase velocity. Here, we developed a novel computational model that includes the medial septum, represented as a set of abstract Kuramoto oscillators producing a dynamical theta rhythm with phase reset, and the hippocampal formation, composed of biophysically-realistic neurons and able to generate theta-nested gamma oscillations under theta drive. We showed that this system can exhibit bistability in a specific range of parameters and that a single stimulation pulse could switch the network behavior from non-oscillatory to a state producing theta-nested gamma oscillations. Next, we demonstrated that for a theta input too weak to generate theta-nested gamma oscillations, pulse train stimulation at the theta frequency could restore seemingly physiological oscillations. Importantly, the presence of phase reset influenced whether these two effects depended on the phase at which stimulation onset was delivered, which has practical implications for designing neurostimulation protocols that are triggered by the phase of ongoing theta oscillations. This novel model opens new avenues for studying the effects of neurostimulation on the hippocampal formation. Furthermore, our hybrid approach that combines different levels of abstraction could be extended in future work to other neural circuits that produce dynamical brain rhythms.
Multi-Object Tracking in Heterogeneous environments (MOTHe) for animal video recordings
Authors: Rathore Akanksha , Sharma Ananth , Shah Shaan , Sharma Nitika , Torney Colin , Guttal Vishwesha
Published: June 2023

Aerial imagery and video recordings of animals are used for many areas of research such as animal behaviour, behavioural neuroscience and field biology. Many automated methods are being developed to extract data from such high-resolution videos. Most of the available tools are developed for videos taken under idealised laboratory conditions. Therefore, the task of animal detection and tracking for videos taken in natural settings remains challenging due to heterogeneous environments. Methods that are useful for field conditions are often difficult to implement and thus remain inaccessible to empirical researchers. To address this gap, we present an open-source package called Multi-Object Tracking in Heterogeneous environments (MOTHe), a Python-based application that uses a basic convolutional neural network for object detection. MOTHe offers a graphical interface to automate the various steps related to animal tracking such as training data generation, animal detection in complex backgrounds and visually tracking animals in the videos. Users can also generate training data and train a new model which can be used for object detection tasks for a completely new dataset. MOTHe doesn’t require any sophisticated infrastructure and can be run on basic desktop computing units. We demonstrate MOTHe on six video clips in varying background conditions. These videos are from two species in their natural habitat—wasp colonies on their nests (up to 12 individuals per colony) and antelope herds in four different habitats (up to 156 individuals in a herd). Using MOTHe, we are able to detect and track individuals in all these videos. MOTHe is available as an open-source GitHub repository with a detailed user guide and demonstrations at: https://github.com/tee-lab/MOTHe-GUI.
Efficacy of Probiotics in Preterm Neonates in the Prevention of Necrotising Enterocolitis: A Randomised Controlled Tria
Authors: Sunil B , Bhavya S
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The most frequent and dangerous gastrointestinal emergency in newborns is Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC). A novel and promising strategy for preventing NEC is enterally given probiotics. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in preterm neonates in the prevention of NEC and to assess the time of achievement of full feeds and duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay. Materials and Methods: The present study was a parallel design single-centre randomised controlled trial, conducted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Department of Paediatrics, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, from November 2018 to April 2020. Total of 130 newborns were included after inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomised into two groups: that is probiotic (group I, n=61) and non probiotic (group II, n=69) groups. The probiotic group was given probiotics with breastmilk and non probiotic group were given only breastmilk. Probiotic (Bifidobacterium breve M16V) 0.5 g was mixed with breastmilk and given twice daily till full feeds were reached. All neonates were followed-up on daily basis for the appearance of features of NEC. Other parameters like time of achievement of full feeds and duration of ICU stay were compared between the two groups. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was carried out in the present study. Results: Out of total sample, majority of babies belonged to the gestational age group of 30-33 weeks i.e., 30 (49.2%) in group I and 30 (43.5%) in group II. There were 29 (47.5%) females and 32 (52.5%) males in group I and, 32 (46.4%) females and 37 (53.6%) males in group II. There was a significant reduction of incidence of NEC (p-value=0.024) and earlier achievement of full feeds in the probiotic group (p-value=0.003) when compared to non probiotic group. The mean duration of ICU stay compared between the two groups was not statistically significant (p-value=0.366). Conclusion: Supplementation of probiotics to the preterm Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies helps in the reduction of incidence of NEC and also helps in earlier achievement of full feeds.