bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plain language summaries: A systematic review of theory, guidelines and empirical research
Authors: Stoll Marlene , Kerwer Martin , Lieb Klaus , Chasiotis Anita
Published: June 2022

Plain language summaries (PLSs) have been introduced to communicate research in an understandable way to a nonexpert audience. Guidelines for writing PLSs have been developed and empirical research on PLSs has been conducted, but terminology and research approaches in this comparatively young field vary considerably. This prompted us to review the current state of the art of the theoretical and empirical literature on PLSs. The two main objectives of this review were to develop a conceptual framework for PLS theory, and to synthesize empirical evidence on PLS criteria. We began by searching Web of Science, PubMed, PsycInfo and PSYNDEX (last search 07/2021). In our review, we included empirical investigations of PLSs, reports on PLS development, PLS guidelines, and theoretical articles referring to PLSs. A conceptual framework was developed through content analysis. Empirical studies investigating effects of PLS criteria on defined outcomes were narratively synthesized. We identified 7,714 records, of which 90 articles met the inclusion criteria. All articles were used to develop a conceptual framework for PLSs which comprises 12 categories: six of PLS aims and six of PLS characteristics. Thirty-three articles empirically investigated effects of PLSs on several outcomes, but study designs were too heterogeneous to identify definite criteria for high-quality PLSs. Few studies identified effects of various criteria on accessibility, understanding, knowledge, communication of research, and empowerment. We did not find empirical evidence to support most of the criteria we identified in the PLS writing guidelines. We conclude that although considerable work on establishing and investigating PLSs is available, empirical evidence on criteria for high-quality PLSs remains scarce. The conceptual framework developed in this review may provide a valuable starting point for future guideline developers and PLS researchers.
Diet drove brain and dental morphological coevolution in strepsirrhine primates
Authors: López-Aguirre Camilo , Lang Madlen M. , Silcox Mary T.
Published: June 2022

The evolution of the remarkably complex primate brain has been a topic of great interest for decades. Multiple factors have been proposed to explain the comparatively larger primate brain (relative to body mass), with recent studies indicating diet has the greatest explanatory power. Dietary specialisations also correlate with dental adaptations, providing a potential evolutionary link between brain and dental morphological evolution. However, unambiguous evidence of association between brain and dental phenotypes in primates remains elusive. Here we investigate the effect of diet on variation in primate brain and dental morphology and test whether the two anatomical systems coevolved. We focused on the primate suborder Strepsirrhini, a living primate group that occupies a very wide range of dietary niches. By making use of both geometric morphometrics and dental topographic analysis, we extend the study of brain-dental ecomorphological evolution beyond measures of size. After controlling for allometry and evolutionary relatedness, differences in brain and dental morphology were found between dietary groups, and brain and dental morphologies were found to covary. Historical trajectories of morphological diversification revealed a strong integration in the rates of brain and dental evolution and similarities in their modes of evolution. Combined, our results reveal an interplay between brain and dental ecomorphological adaptations throughout strepsirrhine evolution that can be linked to diet.
Designing incentive mechanism in contract farming considering reciprocity preference
Authors: Wang Cuixia , Liang Yurong
Published: June 2022

Contract farming is a growing practice in agricultural economy. A well-designed crop-planting and buyout contract, offered by an enterprise, to a fraction of contract farmers brings benefit to farmers as well as to the enterprise itself. However, in the process of contract fulfillment, farmers possess private information about the degree of effort on fulfilling the contract of themselves. Thus, the more informed farmers may not work hard in the process of planting crops. This opportunistic behavior of farmers caused by asymmetric information has seriously affected the sustainability of contract farming. An enterprise with reciprocity preference tends to make a contract both improves farmers’ welfare and brings enough profit to sustain its own operations, while a farmer with reciprocity will work hard in return for the enterprise’s reward. In this paper, we develop a non-profit index principal-agent model between enterprises and farmers, assuming both have reciprocity preference, to investigate how to design an incentive mechanism in contract farming. We begin our analysis by establishing a non-profit index evaluation system to evaluate farmers’ effort degree in contract fulfillment. Then we solve principal-agent problem with the assumption that farmers’ expected certainty income premium (ECIP) is constant. We find that in the perfect Bayesian equilibrium, farmers with higher degree of reciprocity preference require less ECIP, and will improve efforts to complete contract tasks, even actively sacrifice their own interests to repay extra rewards from enterprises. Furthermore, we explore our model to the scenario in which farmers’ ECIP is a function of enterprise payment difference (EPD). We find that the higher the degree of reciprocity preference of farmers, the greater the probability of enterprises to increase income. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the validity of the conclusions. Our study shows that the reciprocity preference behavior of enterprises and farmers improves the fulfillment rate of contract farming, which contributes to the realization of the incentive mechanism of contract farming.
Screening for untreated atrial fibrillation in the elderly population: A community-based study
Authors: Senoo Keitaro , Yukawa Arito , Ohkura Takashi , Shoji Keisuke , Takigami Masao , Iwakoshi Hibiki , Nishimura Tetsuro , Nakata Mitsuko , Teramukai Satoshi , Matoba Satoaki
Published: June 2022

Background

Strokes are common in people with atrial fibrillation (AF), and can have devastating consequences, especially in the elderly and if AF is untreated. However, community-based studies on screening for untreated AF have not been conducted in Japan, and there has been no evaluation of the effectiveness of early screening for AF in the elderly (≥65 years).

Methods

The Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (KPUM) Education Initiative has conducted an AF awareness campaign consisted of screening tests using a blood pressure (BP) monitor with electrocardiogram (ECG) (the Complete, Omron Healthcare Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan) and educational lectures for the elderly (≥65 years) from 2019 to 2020. A modeled effectiveness analysis was performed comparing the life-years and QALYs (quality-adjusted life-years) between direct-acting oral anticoagulation (DOAC)-treated AF and untreated AF in a Japanese setting. The basic description of the Markov model was used for the analysis.

Results

A total of 1648 participants were screened, and after excluding those with missing information or data (n = 41), 1607 were finally enrolled. The mean (± standard deviation) age of participants was 72.4±5.8 years, 827 (51.5%) were female, 628 (39.1%) had hypertension, and 1368 (85.1%) had CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2. After cardiologists’ evaluation of all ECG recordings of the Complete, 15 (0.93%) AF were newly detected. For each AF treated with DOAC, 0.859 QALYs gained over the lifetime for 65 years-old men, and 0.856 QALYs for 65 years-old women compared to non-treatment.

Conclusion

A moderate number of untreated AF were identified in the community-based study. Identification of an increased number of patients with AF, if properly treated with DOAC, ultimately leads to a reduction in the number of strokes occurred over subjects’ lifetime.
Evaluation of quantitative accuracy among different scatter corrections for quantitative bone SPECT/CT imaging
Authors: Miwa Kenta , Nemoto Reo , Masuko Hirotsugu , Yamao Tensho , Kobayashi Rinya , Miyaji Noriaki , Inoue Kosuke , Onodera Hiroya
Published: June 2022

Although scatter correction improves SPECT image contrast and thus image quality, the effects of quantitation accuracy under various conditions remain unclear. The present study aimed to empirically define the conditions for the optimal scatter correction of quantitative bone SPECT/CT images. Scatter correction was performed by applying dual and triple energy windows (DEW and TEW) with different sub-energy window widths, and effective scatter source estimation (ESSE) to CT-based scatter correction. Scattered radiation was corrected on images acquired using a triple line source (TLSP) phantom and an uniform cylinder phantom. The TLSP consisted of a line source containing 74.0 MBq of99mTc in the middle, and a background component containing air, water or a K2HPO4solution with a density equivalent to that of bone. The sum of all pixels in air, water and the K2HPO4solution was measured on SPECT images. Scatter fraction (SF) and normalized mean square error (NMSE) based on counts from the air background as a reference were then calculated to assess quantitative errors due to scatter correction. The uniform cylinder phantom contained the same K2HPO4solution and 222.0 MBq of99mTc. The coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated from the count profile of this phantom to assess the uniformity of SPECT images across scatter correction under various conditions. Both SF and NMSE in SPECT images of phantoms containing water in the background were lower at a TEW sub-window of 3% (TEW3%), than in other scatter corrections, whereas those in K2HPO4were lower at a DEW sub-window of 20% (DEW20%). Larger DEW and smaller TEW sub-energy windows allowed more effective correction. The CV of the uniform cylinder phantom, DEW20%, was inferior to all other tested scatter corrections. The quantitative accuracy of bone SPECT images substantially differed according to the method of scatter correction. The optimal scatter correction for quantitative bone SPECT was DEW20% (k = 1), but at the cost of slightly decreased image uniformity.
Surgeons’ preferences for using sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Meurs Claudia J. C. , Til Janine A. van , Menke-Pluijmers Marian B. E. , Vet Stefanie de , Siesling Sabine , Westenend Pieter J.
Published: June 2022

Background

There is a large variation between Dutch hospitals in the use of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) in patients with a biopsy diagnosis of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ. The aim of our study was to investigate whether this variation might be explained by preferences of surgeons, organisational factors or the influence of patients preferences.

Methods

A cross-sectional web survey was conducted among 260 Dutch oncological/breast surgeons. Preferences of surgeons and the influence of the patients’ preferences were determined by means of best-worst scaling (BWS) of profile case scenarios and by ranking risk factors. The survey also explored organisational questions, the reported use of diagnostic techniques and influences on the decision.

Results

The BWS scenarios were completed by 57 surgeons. The most important reasons for performing SLNB were a suspected invasive component and DCIS grade 3. In the ranking, these were also the first and second most important factor, followed by the size of the lesion and a mass on mammogram. In 58% to 70% of the scenarios, the surgeons would not change their decisions on the use of SLNB if the patient’s chose differed. No organisational factor was significantly associated with the reported use of SLNB.

Conclusion

The inter-hospital variation in the use of SLNB could not be attributed to organisational factors or surgeons’ preferences for risk factors. The risk factors that most surgeons reported as reasons for performing SLNB are consistent with the factors described in the Dutch treatment guideline for the use of SLNB.
Percepción de riesgo frente al COVID 19: nuevos retos
Authors: Puerta-Cortés Diana Ximena
Published: June 2022

La percepción determina nuestras acciones o da lugar a estados internos como actitudes, emociones y motivaciones, hacia un estímulo específico o situación. Desde el enfoque psicológico el riesgo puede ser real o subjetivo, cuando el riesgo es subjetivo, se hace mención a la percepción de riesgo. Es importante detectar una situación como amenazante y su interrelación con la vulnerabilidad, para tener una percepción de riesgo alta, pero a pesar de la información que recibimos a diario acerca de los efectos letales del nuevo coronavirus, algunas personas tienen la habilidad para detectar, identificar y reaccionar ante ésta situación, mientras otras no tanto.
Concepções psicossociais da velhice LGBT entre universitários brasileiros
Authors: Silva de Araújo Lidiane , de Oliveira Santos José Victor , Fernandes de Araújo Ludgleydson , Teixeira Carlos Karolyna Pessoa
Published: June 2022

: O presente estudo teve como escopo verificar e comparar as representações sociais de três grupos de estudantes universitários dos cursos de direito, psicologia e pedagogia acerca do envelhecimento LGBT. A amostra foi composta por 300 estudantes universitários uma IES privada. Foi usada a Técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras (TALP), utilizando-se o método de análise fatorial de correspondência – AFC, através do software Tri Deux Mots. Como resultados observou-se que emergiram representações em dois pólos antagônicos: por um lado, o direito que cada indivíduo tem em fazer suas escolhas sexuais independente da fase da vida que se encontram, por outro lado, o preconceito sofrido pelos LGBTs, agravando-se quando trata-se de pessoas idosas. Espera-se contribuir para o desenvolvimento da temática, ainda pouco estudada e divulgada, para que assim haja uma maior compreensão dos novos arranjos da sociedade contemporânea.
Pedagogies of Prohibition: Time, Education, and the War on Drugs in Rio de Janeiro’s Zona Norte
Authors: Fogarty-Valenzuela Benjamin
Published: June 2022

Drawing from two years of ethnographic fieldwork in Rio de Janeiro, this article traces the proximity between educational interventions and the war on drugs. To do so, I introduce the concept of pedagogies of prohibition, which names this proximity. Pedagogies of prohibition center on temporal concerns (rather than strictly spatial ones), revealing neglected aspects of discipline and policing. Whereas disputes over prohibition frequently hinge on control over territory, pedagogies of prohibition leverage the subject-making potential of everyday schedules and time-bounded habits. The article’s three sections focus on three forms of temporal control—busyness, punctuality, and rhythm—and each demonstrates how the war on drugs is rendered productive of particular lifestyles and consumption practices. By positioning hard (policing) and soft (educational) anti-drug interventions in the same frame, I show how these two aspects of the war on drugs incorporate everyday domains such as habit and aspiration, impacting the routines of Black and working-class youth in urban Brazil. 

RESUMO

A partir de dois anos de trabalho de campo etnográfico no Rio de Janeiro, este artigo traça a proximidade entre as intervenções educativas e a guerra contra as drogas. Para tal, introduz o conceito de pedagogias de proibição, que designa esta proximidade. Pedagogias de proibição centra-se em preocupações temporais (e não estritamente espaciais), revelando aspectos negligenciados de disciplina e policiamento. Enquanto as disputas sobre a proibição dependem frequentemente do controlo do território, as pedagogias de proibição potencializam o aspecto de formação de sujeitos dos horários diários e dos hábitos quotidianos. As três secções do artigo focalizam em três formas de controle temporal—ocupação, pontualidade e ritmo—e cada uma delas demonstra como a guerra às drogas se torna propulsora de determinados estilos de vida e práticas de consumo. Ao posicionar intervenções antidrogas duras (policiamento) e suaves (educativas) no mesmo quadro, este artigo mostra como estes dois aspectos da guerra às drogas incorporam domínios quotidianos como o hábito e a aspiração, impactando as rotinas da juventude Negra e de classe trabalhadora no Brasil urbano.
The Fish Is in the Water and the Water Is in the Fish: Symbiosis in a Nuclear Whale Fall
Authors: Kalshoven Petra Tjitske
Published: June 2022

The nuclear site of Sellafield in West Cumbria, North West England, embarks on a long period of decommissioning. Sellafield Limited (SL), the government-owned company running the site, is intent on disentangling the strong socioeconomic and affective relations with its host area with a view to making West Cumbria less dependent on SL, the area’s major employer, as the company prepares for a slow withdrawal. Comparing West Cumbria to a whale fall, the habitat that comes into being around the nourishing presence of a decomposing whale carcass, I suggest that West Cumbria has feasted on Sellafield through different stages of nuclear activity, from its production of plutonium down to the long-life materiality of its nuclear legacy wastes. From this perspective on a symbiotic relationship, dependency is shown to be not a one-sided reality but a discursive tool wielded by both the industry and West Cumbrians for different strategic purposes.
The CIPP Model of Stunting Management Program During Covid-19 Pandemic in Semarang City
Authors: Pradana PH Firmansyah Kholiq , Sriatmi Ayun , Kartini Apoina
Published: June 2022

Background: Semarang City has successfully reduced in reducing the stunting rate by 2.7% in 2018 and 2.5% in 2019. With the Covid-19 pandemic, the stunting prevention program in Semarang City faces problems that have the potential to increase the prevalence risk of stunting. The problem are limited access of intervention and decline of the stunting program quality in work area of the Puskesmas in Semarang City. In addition, it is still unknown how the stunting program was implemented at the puskesmas during the Covid-19 pandemic.Objectives: The purpose of this research was to identify and evaluate the implementation of the stunting prevention program in Semarang City during the Covid-19 pandemic by using the CIPP model.Materials and Methods: This research used a survey research with a qualitative approach. This research was carried out from August to October 2021. The informants for this study consisted of 5 main informants: nutritionists at the puskesmas, 15 triangulation informants, the head of the puskesmas, posyandu cadres, and mothers who had stunted children in five health centers in Semarang City, namely Bandarharjo Health Center, Lamper Tengah Health Center, Tlogosari Wetan Health Center, Gunungpati Health Center, and Pegandan Health Center. Determination of informants using a purposive technique based on the geographic location of the Public Health Center. In-depth interviews used prepared guidelines. Data analysis used content analysis.Results: The results showed that the in the context component, the nutritionists had understood goals and targets of the stunting program. The input component showed that Human Resources was not optimal because they helped in succeed in the Covid-19 program. Funding was disrupted because there were still no technical guidelines for funding during the Covid, infrastructures were not optimal due to a lack of training for posyandu cadres. The process components included: a monitoring program that was carried out door to door, no administration of PMT F100, ineffective online counseling, fewer mothers who were participated in nutrition consultations, no monitoring related to vitamin A administration.Conclusion: The stunting prevention program in the work area of the puskesmas during the Covid-19 pandemic has not been able to be implemented well during the Covid-19 pandemic.
POSITIVISME DAN POST POSITIVISME: REFLEKSI ATAS PERKEMBANGAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN DAN PERENCANAAN KOTA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU DAN METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
Authors: Sundaro Hendrianto
Published: June 2022

Sebagai paradigma ilmu pengetahuan, Positivisme dan Post positivisme telah memberikan pengaruh yang besar bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan kemajuan peradaban manusia termasuk didalamnya adalah perkembangan kota yang menjadi pusat peradaban manusia. Dalam proses tersebut, filsafat dan metodologi penelitian memiliki peran penting bukan hanya dalam membentuk ilmu pengetahuan tetapi juga meninjau eksistensi ilmu pengetahuan. Meninjau eksistensi ilmu pengetahuan melalu kacamata filsafat dan bukan oleh ilmu itu sendiri adalah agar dapat menempatkan ilmu pengetahuan secara jujur dan obyektif.  Artikel ini bertujuan untuk : 1) Mendeskripsikan sejarah perkembangan filsafat dan ilmu pengetahuan, 2) Mengetahu esensi dari filsafat ilmu dan kedudukannya dalam konstelasi ilmu pengetahuan (science),  3) Mengetahui keterkaitan filsafat ilmu dengan paradigma positivisme dan post-positivisme dalam metodologi penelitian serta 4) Mengetahui kontribusi positivisme dan post positivisme terhadap perkembangan kota. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah  studi literatur dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa hasil-hasil pemikiran yang dituangkan di dalam buku dan jurnal baik nasional maupun yang terakreditasi yang memuat topik tentang filsafat, positivisme dan post positivisme, metodologi penelitian dan perkembangan kota / perencanaan wilayah dan kota.
Natural Inseparability in Aristotle,MetaphysicsE.1, 1026a14
Authors: Griffin Michael James
Published: June 2022

At Aristotle,MetaphysicsE.1, 1026a14, Schwegler’s conjectural emendation of the manuscript reading ἀχώριστα to χωριστά has been widely adopted. The objects of physical science are therefore here ‘separate’, or ‘independently existent’. By contrast, the manuscripts make them ‘not separate’, construed by earlier commentators as dependent on matter. In this paper, I offer a new defense of the manuscript reading. I review past defenses based on the internal consistency of the chapter, explore where they have left supporters of the emendation unpersuaded, and attempt to strengthen their appeal. I challenge Schwegler’s central case, developed by Ross and others, that the construction μὲν ἀλλ’ οὐκ demands an implausible ‘logical antithesis’ between inseparability and mobility. This is arguably the fundamental obstacle to the manuscript reading, and counterexamples have not to date convinced emenders. I offer a new, systematic review of Aristotle’s use of the phrase, including relevant cases from theRhetoric, to show how its usual meaning in Aristotle supports the transmitted text; I also reply to possible objections. Finally, I explore the implications of this defense for the classification of the sciences in E.1.
Penalty partial reduced selective integration: a new method to solve locking phenomena in thin shell steel and concrete structures
Authors: Nascimbene Roberto
Published: June 2022

The shell structures are commonly used in many civil and industrial and long-span logistic applications. In this research we simply start by applying a degenerated finite element continuum approach. Then we propose a new alternative formulation by splitting the shear energy into two main components, the first one exactly integrated, whereas the second reduced integrated in a proper way. In this numerical and analytical research we present this advanced new approach (herein named penalty partial reduced selective integration) by adding weight coefficients to the splitting energy terms. As a consequence of this formulation, the unwanted locking events are definitively eliminated. A wide range of real and analytical examples, from scientific literature and practical engineering shell design situations, are analyzed and deeply investigated to better understand the level of accuracy and effectiveness of the formulation proposed. Furthermore, comparisons withwell defined and established shell finite elements are made just to yield insight into the predictive capability of the penalty partial reduced selective integration, herein proposed and studied. Hence many examples are used to test this new formulation in order to analyze the numerical behavior of the approximate solution in dependence of the splitting parameters. A simple kind of methodological rules for choosing these numerical non-dimensional parameters are also given.
The supply chain and its development concept of fresh mulberry fruit in Thailand: Observations in Nan Province, the largest production area
Authors: Choosung Preuk , Wasusri Thananya , Utto Weerawate , Boonyaritthongchai Panida , Wongs-Aree Chalermchai
Published: June 2022

Nan province, the biggest cultivation area of fresh mulberry fruit in Thailand is located in four districts: Chaloem Phra Kiat, Bor Klua, Tha Wang Pha, and Wiang Sa. The production yield of mulberry is about 848.6 kg/acre/year; however, it is mostly sold as frozen product. The Queen Sirikit Department of Sericulture intends to develop a new marketing channel for fresh mulberry fruit. The present study was to explore the current situation of mulberry fruit supply chain management in Nan province and to propose a new supply chain model for fresh mulberry. To gather information about supply chain management, the supply chain operation reference (SCOR) model was utilized to investigate four members of the mulberry supply chains, including growers, primary middlemen, secondary middlemen, and customers. The SCOR model possibly identifies critical points in the current supply chain and five obstacles in the distribution of fresh mulberries that are improperly handled, affecting market channels and product quality due to a lack of suitable knowledge and technology for postharvest handling. Active packaging technology of fresh mulberries from a previous study was introduced to design a new supply chain model, and it was found that this technology could extend the product’s shelf life and preserve its freshness. Although the cost of the active packaging technology leads to a much higher cost on the newly developed supply chain compared to that of the traditional supply chain, the developed model could enhance new market channels, including selling prices, and provide growers with more benefits than the traditional supply chain.
Development of future-proof supply concepts for sector-coupled district heating systems based on scenario-analysis
Authors: Röder Johannes , Zondervan Edwin
Published: June 2022

Existing districts pose a particular challenge within the transition into a renewable energy system. Especially the heat supply requires innovative concepts. In many districts, renewable energy resources are limited, and district heat supply relies on energy imports from the upstream energy infrastructures, especially the gas and electricity grid. These upstream infrastructures are in an ongoing process of transformation into a renewable energy system with uncertain speed and depth. To design future-proof heat supply concepts, this work presents a scenario-based design approach considering different scenario paths for the upstream energy infrastructures as well as the development of the existing building stock. Therefore, a mixed-integer linear programming model is set up to optimize the energy converter and storage capacities of a generic district heat supply with respect to costs and emission. Additionally, three different refurbishment scenarios are considered for the existing buildings stock. From the results of the different scenarios, future-proof heat supply concepts are derived. The analysis shows that heat-pump capacities in combination with a thermal storage is of great importance for a future carbon-neutral heat supply. A combined heat and power unit helps to reduce emissions in short term. However, only if the gas network has a high share of renewable energies, this technology will compete with electricity based heating via heat-pumps. The results show that electrolysis is at least in short term not a viable option for designing a cost-efficient carbon-neutral district heat supply.
Methacrylic acid based microgels and hybrid microgels
Authors: Hussain Iftikhar , Shahid Muhammad , Ali Faisal , Irfan Ahmad , Farooqi Zahoor H. , Begum Robina
Published: June 2022

Methacrylic acid based microgels have got much consideration in the last two decades because of their potential uses in different fields owing to their responsive behaviour towards external stimuli. Synthesis, properties and uses of methacrylic acid based microgels and their hybrids have been critically reviewed in this article. With minute change in external stimuli such as pH and ionic strength of medium, these microgels show quick swelling/deswelling reversibly. The methacrylic acid based microgels have been widely reported for applications in the area of nanotechnology, drug delivery, sensing and catalysis due to their responsive behaviour. A critical review of current research development in this field along with upcoming perception is presented here. This discussion is concluded with proposed probable future studies for additional growth in this field of research.
Evaluación computacional del flujo a través de membranas porosas
Authors: López Montoya Tatiana , Giraldo Orozco Mauricio , Nieto Londoño César
Published: June 2022

El flujo a través de membranas porosas es de vital importancia en el entendimiento de diversos fenómenos industriales y biológicos. Y recientemente ha crecido el interés de su estudio para aplicaciones de transferencia de calor mejorada y a escalas pequeñas. Antes de involucrar la transferencia de calor en las membranas se hace un estudio hidrodinámico para ayudar a su caracterización. En el presente artículo se presenta el estudio realizado al comportamiento de la presión y perfiles de velocidad asociados al flujo de un fluido incompresible a través de una membrana porosa en diferentes condiciones de empaquetamiento. Con el fin de establecer una base comparativa adecuada, la membrana porosa es representada mediante un empaquetamiento de esferas en arreglo triangular desfasado. Los resultados obtenidos mediante el software de CFD Fluent mostraron una gran influencia de la distribución espacial de las esferas en el canal sobre la caída de presión. Desde el punto de vista de patrones de flujo, se observó una interacción fuerte entre los flujos aguas abajo de cada esfera. En la última capa de esferas, se presenta un desprendimiento de vórtices influenciado tanto por el tamaño de la esfera, como por el número de esferas empleado para representar la membrana.
Sistema de decisión basado en lógica difusa para la detección de distorsiones de la arquitectura de la glándula mamaria
Authors: Gómez Betancur Duván Alberto , Branch Bedoya John Willian
Published: June 2022

La distorsión de la arquitectura es un cambio anormal del tejido de la glándula mamaria con la consiguiente formación de lesiones finas y espiculadas que no están asociadas a la presencia de una masa. La distorsión es el tercer hallazgo mamográfico más común y por la dificultad de su detección es el primer causante de falsos negativos en los diagnósticos. Este artículo presenta la planeación, implementación y pruebas de un método que sirve como soporte para la detección de distorsiones de la arquitectura de la glándula mamaria a partir de imágenes de radiología de mama. El método asiste a los especialistas en el proceso de decisión diagnóstica como segundo intérprete en el análisis de mamografías mediante la integración de cuatro etapas principales que van desde el pre-procesamiento de la imagen hasta la clasificación final con base en las características de textura de las regiones de interés extraídas. El método presentado fue validado mediante el análisis de imágenes mamográficas de la base de datos DDSM (Digital Data base for Screening Mammography), que logra valores de precisión general hasta de un 90.7% lo cual lo convierte en una base importante para la disminución del número de falsos negativos en la detección de distorsiones de la arquitectura de la glándula mamaria.
Quality Indicators for Youth Transitioning to Adult Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bailey Katherine , Lee Stephanie , de Los Reyes Thomas , Lo Lisha , Cleverley Kristin , Pidduck Jacklynn , Mahood Quenby , Gorter Jan Willem , Toulany Alene
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Transition from pediatric to adult care is associated with adverse health outcomes for many adolescents with chronic illness. We identified quality indicators for transition to adult care that are broadly applicable across chronic illnesses and health systems.

METHODS

Medline, Embase, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched, covering earliest available date to July 2021. The Gray Matters framework was used to search gray literature. Two independent reviewers screened articles by title and abstract, followed by full-text review. Disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. Studies were included that identified quality indicators developed via consensus-building methods. Indicators were organized into a framework categorized by illness specificity, level of care, Donabedian model, and Institute of Medicine quality domain. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation tool was used for critical appraisal.

RESULTS

The search identified 4581 articles, of which 321 underwent full-text review. Eight peer-reviewed studies and 1 clinical guideline were included, identifying 169 quality indicators for transition. Of these, 56% were illness specific, 43% were at the patient level of care, 44% related to transition processes, and 51% were patient centered and 0% equity focused. Common indicator themes included education (12%), continuity of care (8%), satisfaction (8%), and self-management/self-efficacy (7%). The study was limited by quality indicators developed through consensus-building methodology.

CONCLUSIONS

Although most quality indicators for transition were patient-centered outcomes, few were informed by youth and parents/caregivers, and none focused on equity. Further work is needed to prioritize quality indicators across chronic illness populations while engaging youth and parents/caregivers in the process.
The Spondias mombin (Anarcadiaceae): molecular characterization and conservation
Authors: Müller Zortéa Kelli Évelin , Bandini Rossi Ana Aparecida , Vicente Tiago Auana , Dos Santos Cardoso Elisa , Andrade Pinto Joyce Mendes , Sobreira Hoogerheid Eulalia Soler
Published: June 2022

Introducción: El fruto amarillo del jobo o yuplón (Spondias mombin L.) destaca por sus cualidades sensoriales y funcionales. Sin embargo, existe poco conocimiento sobre la diversidad genética de esta especie, lo que ayudaría a la implantación del cultivo del fruto como cultivo, ya que la producción actual se basa en el extractivismo. Objetivo: Evaluar la diversidad y estructura genética de poblaciones naturales de S. mombin en el estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, a través de marcadores moleculares microsatélites para ayudar en la implementación de estrategias de conservación y recolección de recursos genéticos. Métodos: Se muestrearon un total de 139 individuos de S. mombin en diez poblaciones naturales. Las amplificaciones por PCR se realizaron con siete cebadores de microsatélites marcados con fluorescencia. La diversidad genética se evaluó por el número de alelos, heterocigosidad esperada (He) y observada (Ho), contenido de información polimórfica (PIC), índice de fijación (ƒ), alelos raros y exclusivos. La estructura genética se evaluó mediante AMOVA, dendrograma UPGMA y análisis estadístico bayesiano. Resultados: Se amplificaron 46 alelos, los cuales tenían un promedio de 6.6 alelos por locus. Fue más alto que Ho y f positivo, lo que indica la presencia de endogamia. El PIC osciló entre 0.048 y 0.700, y solo dos loci fueron poco informativos. Encontramos 27 alelos raros y 16 alelos únicos. El mayor componente de variación fue intrapoblacional (90.64 %). El flujo de genes estimado fue de 1.99, lo que indica que no hay aislamiento genético entre poblaciones y justifica el valor de FST (0.0963). Las diez poblaciones se agruparon en dos grupos y dos poblaciones constituyeron un grupo aislado. La prueba de Mantel demostró que la estructura genética no está relacionada con la distancia geográfica entre poblaciones. Conclusión: Existe diversidad genética en las poblaciones de S. mombin, la cual debe ser conservada in situ o ex situ, por la diversidad que presentan y porque son fuentes promisorias para la recolección de germoplasma.
The economics of firm solar power from Li-ion and vanadium flow batteries in California
Authors: Roberts Diarmid , Brown Solomon
Published: June 2022

The cost of providing near 24-7-365 power from solar panels at a commercial facility in South California was modelled to be similar for vanadium flow batteries (VFB) and lithium ion batteries (LIB) at around $0:20/kWh. In hotter locations, LIB economics suffer due to accelerated background cell ageing. Even within South California there was enough variation to affect the economic comparison. Although LIB degradation could be reduced in a hybrid VFB-LIB system, there was negligible benefit to the overall electricity cost.

As a result of falling photovoltaic panel costs in the last decade solar power (PV) is now claimed to be the cheapest source of electricity. However, the intermittent nature of supply means that it cannot solve the energy trilemma alone, and a form of backup power is required for reliability. This application is well suited to batteries, but the cost implications of providing high levels of reliability in this way have not been widely studied. In this work, the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) achievable by optimal combinations of PV and batteries is determined for a large food retailer at a range of self-sufficiency ratios (SSR). Both lithium ion batteries (LIB), vanadium redox flow batteries (VFB) and hybrid systems of the two technologies are modelled. In combination with an over-sized PV array, both systems are capable of providing a SSR of 0.95 for a LCOE of less than $0.22/kWh. The optimal LCOE values overlap across the SSR range for both technologies depending on cost and ambient temperature assumptions. A VFB is more likely to give the lower LCOE at lower SSR, and a LIB is favoured at high SSR as the cycle rate drops as SSR increases. It is also shown that a state of charge (SOC) minimisation strategy has a significant impact on the LIB economics by reducing calendar ageing. Lastly, hybrid systems combining LIB and VFB were modelled, but in no cases showed an improvement over the optimal single choice. The overlap in the LCOE of the two battery types highlights the importance of other considerations, such as sustainability, space requirements and safety.

Graphical abstract
Fâtımî-İhşîdî İlişkileri (323-358/935-969)
Authors: ERBAŞ Furkan
Published: June 2022

Şiî/İsmâîlî mezhebine mensup Fâtımîler, İfrîkıye’de kuruldukları andan itibaren doğuya doğru genişleme siyaseti gütmüşlerdir. Bu siyasî hedef çerçevesinde Türk hânedanlığı İhşîdîler’in sahip olduğu Mısır topraklarını ele geçirmek maksadıyla çeşitli teşebbüslerde bulunmuşlardır. İki taraf arasında otuz yılı aşkın süren ilişkiler Fâtımîler’in Mısır ve ardından Sûriye’yi ele geçirmeleriyle sona ermiştir. Bu süreçte Fâtımîler ile İhşîdîler arasında siyasî ve askerî sahada çeşitli karşılaşmalar gerçekleşmiştir. Bu makalede Fâtımîler’in İhşîdîler ile olan ilişkileri ele alınmıştır. İslâm dünyasının doğusunda Fâtımîler batısında ise İhşîdîler’in siyasî olarak güçlerini artırdığı bir vasatta iki taraf arasındaki ilişkiler dikkat çekici olayları muhtevi olmuştur. Söz konusu gelişmelerin o dönemin İslâm dünyasını yakından ilgilendirmesi araştırma konusunun önemini artırmaktadır. Dolayısıyla ilgili döneme ışık tutan kaynakların incelenerek yaklaşık otuz beş yıllık sürecin panoramasının ortaya konulması faydalı olacaktır. Fâtımî-İhşîdî ilişkilerini ele alan çalışmamız üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde Fâtımî-İhşîdî ilişkilerinin başlangıcı incelenecektir. İkinci bölümde ise Mısır’ın Fâtımîler’in hâkimiyetine geçmesi konusu işlenecektir. Son olarak üçüncü bölümde Fâtımîler’in Sûriye’yi ele geçirerek İhşîdîler’e son vermeleri bahsi ele alınacaktır. Söz konusu çalışmanın öncelikli hedefi Fâtımî-İhşîdî ilişkilerinin İslâm dünyasındaki yansımaları ve etkilerini ele alarak konu hakkında net bir fikir vermeye çalışmak olacaktır.
Academic Pathways for Formerly Incarcerated Students: “If I could do 12 years in prison, why can’t I do 12 years in college.”
Authors: Abeyta Melissa
Published: June 2022

This qualitative study examined the experiences of formerly incarcerated students in community colleges. In this study, participants described how they made meaning of their postsecondary education experience through their decision to start college, the college preparation, and faculty interactions that collectively influenced their academic pathways. The students of this study were formerly incarcerated Latino men enrolled in California community colleges located in northern, central, and southern regions. This study specifically sought to challenge the stigma that revolves around the experiences of the carceral system leading to a deficit perspective on this student population. The findings from this study aligns with the academic support services for this student population in higher education.
“I am a Miracle, Yo soy un Milagro, I am not Supposed to be Here": A Conversation with Bamby Salcedo
Authors: Salcedo Bamby , Sérráno Bri , Salinas Jr., Ph.D. Cristobal , Cervantes Diana
Published: June 2022

Bamby Salcedo was a 2021 keynote speaker at the 33rd annual National Conference on Race and Ethnicity in American Higher Education (NCORE). On July 22 and August 7, 2021, Bri Sérráno and Cristóbal Salinas Jr. interviewed Bamby Salcedo via Zoom. JCSCORE thanks Bamby for sharing her story with us.
Avrupa’da Irkçılık Düşüncesinin İnşası ve Günümüzde Yeni Irkçılık Tartışmaları
Authors: ZENGİNOĞLU Samet
Published: June 2022

Sosyal bilimlerin birçok disiplininde “ırk” ve “ırkçılık” odaklı tartışmalar yer almaktadır. Antropoloji, sosyoloji, felsefe, siyaset bilimi ve uluslararası ilişkiler alanları başta olmak üzere, tarihsel, kavramsal ve kuramsal perspektifler dahilinde bu tartışmalara dair analizler/değerlendirmeler ortaya konulmaktadır. Fakat kavramların tarihsel evrimi ve tanımlanma sorunu, tartışmaların girift bir boyuta sahip olması sonucunu beraberinde getirmektedir. Çünkü bir yandan farklı dönemler farklı ırkçılık yaklaşımları söz konusu olmakta diğer yandan ise mutabık kalınan bir tanım yapılamamaktadır. Ayrıca Avrupa başta olmak üzere; Amerika, Afrika ve Avustralya gibi coğrafyalarda ırkçılığın değişen ve dönüşen yansımaları ile de karşılaşılmaktadır. Irkçılık düşüncesinin “Avrupa boyutu”na dikkat çeken bu çalışma, tarihsel perspektifte fikrin nasıl ve hangi bağlamlarda inşa edildiğini analiz etmektedir. Düşüncenin kavramdan önce geldiği tezinden hareketle modern dönem öncesinde, Antik Yunan’dan sömürgecilik dönemine aslında “öteki”nin nasıl tanımlandığı sorunsalı ele alınmaktadır. Kavramsal olarak literatürde ırkçılığa ancak 17. yüzyıl sonrasında yer verildiği görülse de “öteki” imgesinin tarihte bir gerçeklik olduğu savından hareket edilmektedir. Bu gerçeklik, sömürgecilik dönemi ile birlikte “ırk” ve “ırkçılık” kavramları üzerine inşa edilmiştir. Aydınlanma dönemi ise kavramın inşasındaki önemli dönüm noktalarından birisini oluşturmuştur. Biyolojik bir sınıflandırma alanı olan “ırk”a artık anlam yüklenmeye başlanmıştır. Farklılıklar, bir bakıma eşitsizlik düşüncesini beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu süreç, değer yargılarının belirlenimi ve ötekinin ırk temelinde tanımlanması şeklinde devam etmiştir. 20. yüzyılın ilk yarısında ırkçılık odaklı kötü tecrübelerin ardından 21. yüzyılın başlangıcında ve sonrasında ise bu kez çok daha farklı bir görünümde “yeni ırkçılık” ile tanışılmıştır. Göç tehdidinden hareketle “kültür”e odaklanan tezler, bu kez “yeni ırkçılık” kavramı ve söylemi ile birlikte değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışma bütün bu düzlemde yaşanan değişimin ve dönüşümün izlerini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Crime-Terror Continuum: A Convergência em Moçambique
Authors: Albuquerque Carlos Eduardo Pires de , Piñon Charles Pacheco , Cardoso Francisco de Assis Machado
Published: June 2022

Dentro do cenário mundial, novos atores não-estatais surgem, destacando-se organizações terroristas, grupos rebeldes e organizações criminosas transnacionais, detentores de força capaz de desestabilizar estados. Esses mesmos atores estão se associando para atuar conjuntamente, representando uma nova ameaça à segurança internacional. No intuito de melhor compreender essa dinâmica, o estudo apresenta uma análise da atuação do grupo islamista Al-Shabaab, também conhecido como Ahlu Sunnah Wa-Jama ou ISIS-Moçambique, no litoral leste da África, bem como sua relação com as atividades ilícitas transnacionais que lá são conduzidas. Para tal, o estudo utiliza o processo do Crime-Terror Continuum, buscando identificar o nível de envolvimento do grupo extremista com a economia ilícita existente no norte de Moçambique. A título de conclusão, o trabalho apresenta o Al-Shabaab como sendo uma organização híbrida, a qual se vale das atividades ilícitas para o financiamento de suas atividades, mas ainda mantém sua motivação centrada em princípios ideológicos e não econômicos, o que pode se alterar caso o grupo venha a obter sucesso no controle político e militar da Região de Cabo Delgado.
Poles in the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission in Korea
Authors: Zuziak Janusz
Published: June 2022

In the years 1950–1953, the Korean Peninsula was engulfed in a bloody war. Peace negotiations began as early as 1951, but the signing of the Armistice Agreement could not take place until July 27, 1953 in Pan Mun Jom, four months after the death of the USSR leader, Joseph Stalin. The Armistice Agreement closed an extremely tragic stage in Korean history, but also an extremely hot period of tense relations between Western and Eastern block. At the same time, the Korean Peninsula was artificially divided into two countries. Korea emerged from the war ruined. In order to implement the tasks assumed in the Armistice Agreement and to achieve the assumed goals, several bodies were established, incl. Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission, composed of representatives of four countries: Czechoslovakia, Switzerland, Sweden and Poland. The tasks of the Commission consisted in performing functions related to supervision, observation, inspection and investigations related to the replacement of military personnel, weapons and equipment, as well as in connection with the reported incidents in the demilitarized zone. Poles participate in its activities continuously until today.
Treatment of diabetic muscular hyperplasia with natural and nutritional supplements
Authors: Safir Ullah Khan , Munir Ullah Khan
Published: June 2022

Skeletal muscle is an important part of the human body. Most glucose metabolism is accomplished by skeletal muscle through insulin mediation. Skeletal muscle metabolism disorder can affect glucose metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity of the body, and diabetic muscular Hypoplasia is a secondary lesion of muscle tissue caused by diabetes. In recent years, it has been found that in addition to mainstream western medicine and traditional Chinese and Western medicine combined treatment programs, natural products, and nutritional supplements also play an important role in the prevention and treatment of diabetic muscular Hypoplasia. Therefore, this paper will discuss the definition and pathogenesis of diabetic muscular Hypoplasia, as well as the prevention and treatment mechanism of some natural products and nutritional supplements, to provide more theoretical reference for non-drug targeted therapy of diabetic muscular Hypoplasia.