bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological status of threatened mangroves Ceriops decandra and Merope angulata in mangrove ecosystem Segara Anakan Lagoon, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nur Afi Ati Restu , Kusumaningtyas Mariska A. , Sudirman Nasir , Salim Hadiwijaya L. , Suryono Devi D. , Rustam Agustin , Trenggono Mukti , Hidayat Rizqi R. , Prasetiawan Nanda R.
Published: November 2023

Mangrove ecosystem Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL), is the largest mangrove ecosystem in Java that is occupied by various types of mangroves. Several studies have shown the deforestation of mangrove in SAL which caused the decrease of mangrove biodiversity and species density. This study aims to obtain updated information on the distribution and density of two mangrove species found in SAL that are listed in the IUCN, which are Ceriops decandra (Threatened) and Merope angulata (Least Concerned). This research was conducted with the stages of literature study and analysis of satellite imagery using Sentinel 2 and the NDVI equation to obtain the change of mangrove cover and density. The literature study found that C. decandra was mostly distributed in the eastern and central sites of the Lagoon, while M. angulata was distributed in the center site. According to the spatial analysis, the density of Ceriops decandra was found >0,5 while Merope angulata is distributed in the center site with a medium density categorized. The degradation of the mangrove ecosystem in 2023 was estimated to be 10.493,64 ha. The information provided in this study is expected to improve conservation and protection actions for the sustainability of the threatened mangroves species in SAL.
Shell morphology and size distribution of Turbo spp in Sepanjang Beach by shell collecting: An Initial Survey
Authors: Allsay Kitsash Addifisyukha Cintra , Dwi Eny Djoko Setyono
Published: November 2023

Turbo spp. in Sepanjang Beach, Gunung Kidul, Indonesia, are at risk of depletion due to their popularity for consumption and decoration. Protecting this species demands sustainable management practices. This initial survey aimed to examine the shell morphology, size distribution, and shell growth patterns of Turbo spp. at Sepanjang Beach, Indonesia, to establish baseline data for future research. A total of 233 shells were collected randomly and analyzed for morphological parameters. Shell dimensions exhibited variations in size, shape, color, and whorl features. Shells ranged from 7.59 to 60.96 mm in length and 7.47 to 52.43 mm in width. Operculum dimensions varied from 3.14 to 29.75 mm in length and 3 to 22 mm in width. Size frequency distributions highlighted a peak at 30-35 mm shell length. The right-skewed size distribution indicated a prevalence of smaller individuals, possibly influenced by the environmental and genetic factors. Positive correlations between shell and operculum dimensions suggested an isometric growth pattern, implying symmetrical shell development. These insights are crucial for developing effective conservation strategies for Sepanjang Beach. Further research, including species genetics, size at first gonadal maturity, and environmental influences, is recommended for a comprehensive understanding of Turbo spp. sustainability in the region.
Isolation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Compound from Solanum ferox L Leaves
Authors: Hazimah Hazimah , Haiyul Fadhli , Dina Fitryah , Yuharmen Yuharmen , Widya Reza
Published: November 2023

The sour eggplant plant (Solanum ferox L), a vegetable that is frequently used in cooking and is a member of the Solanaceae family, is also used as an antipyretic and to treat syphilis, body aches, lack of appetite, fever, itching, cuts, and bruising. This is due to the presence of several bioactive chemicals that have toxic, rheumatoid, antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-asthma properties. The objective of this work was to separate antioxidant and antibacterial substances from Solanum ferox L. leaves. N-hexane and methanol were used to extract the leaves of Solanum ferox. The characterization of chemicals in the n-hexane extract was done while the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of both extracts were examined. UV-Vis spectra, FTIR, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), and FTIR were used to characterize the compound). Using vitamin C as a reference and the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) technique to measure free radicals, the antioxidant activity of the Solanum ferox plant extract was assessed. E. coli, S. aureus, and S. subtilis bacteria are used in an agar diffusion method test for antimicrobial activity. The solvent used to dissolve the sample served as the negative control while amoxsan served as the positive standard. One pure substance that has been isolated with success is stigmasterol, with the chemical formula C29H48O. The IC50 of Solanum ferox leaf n-hexane extract at 1218.5 ppm, which included not active, indicated that the IC50 of Solanum ferox leaf methanol extract at 268.5 ppm was ineffective. E. coli is inhibited by n-hexane extract in antibacterial tests at an inhibition value of 9.27 mm. Methanol extracts had an inhibitory potency of 7.82 mm against E. coli and 11.29 mm against S. aureus.
Biology Teacher Candidates Awareness on Marine Plastic Litter
Authors: Sarkity Dios , Liana Metta
Published: November 2023

Plastic litter is a global problem that threatens marine environment. The increase in plastic production is in line with the increase in the amount of plastic litter that pollutes the marine environment. This is due to a lack of awareness of the dangers of plastic litter which threatens the marine environment. This research was quantitative descriptive research in the form of a survey. The research aimed to find out how aware biology teacher candidates (BTC) are of marine plastic litter (MPL) issues. This research involved 204 biology education students of FKIP UMRAH. The research was carried out in June 2022. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Data was analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The results showed that students have good awareness of the MPL issues. This could be seen from students’ perceptions regarding the causes of the MPL issues and the impact of MPL. It was also demonstrated by students’ active participation in overcoming the MPL issues with a good category, as well as students’ behavior towards MPL which can threaten the marine ecosystem and the life within it with a very good category.
Maritime Cultural Heritage of Fishermen Communities in Kepulauan Sangkarrang Subdistrict, Makassar City, Indonesia
Authors: Nur Muhammad , Siti Nurbayani K. , Jumadi Jumadi , Supriadi Acep , Hasni Hasni , Sultan Habibi
Published: November 2023

This research aims to document and analyze the maritime cultural heritage held by the fishing communities in the Kepulauan Sangkarrang district, Makassar city. Maritime cultural heritage encompasses various aspects, such as traditional knowledge of navigation, fishing techniques, traditional tools, and religious practices related to maritime activities. The research methods include field surveys, in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis. The collected data will be qualitatively analyzed to identify cultural patterns associated with the maritime life of the fishing communities. This research aims to uncover the maritime cultural heritage of the fishing communities in Kepulauan Sangkarrang Subdistrict, Makassar City, Indonesia. The main results include a profound understanding of local maritime traditions and their history, as well as an increased historical awareness among the local community. The primary conclusion is that the preservation of maritime culture can support sustainable tourism development and community empowerment. This research has the potential to make a significant contribution in the context of science and maritime cultural preservation.
Theoretical research of transmissions and gearboxes
Authors: Bonev Dimitar , Dobreva Antoaneta
Published: November 2023

Significant aspects of the consequences of global warming and some measures that can be undertaken in order to reduce energy consumption and harmful emissions have been presented. The most important actions I this field are related to the renewal of the design of automobile vehicles and their components. A theoretical survey has been carried out in two main areas: invesitigating possibilities of improving the operational characteristics and the design parameters of transmissions and gearboxes, aiming to identify the areas of future dissertation research. A systematization of the reviewed scientific publications has been carried out. Main areas in which additional research can be carried out, related to the specific features of the Bulgarian industry and the state of the available cars in usage, have been identified.
Monte Carlo simulation in risk assessment in mathematical generation of long data
Authors: Antonov Anton , Demirova Siyka
Published: November 2023

The report will address the main problem in risk measurement, namely the lack of a sufficiently long series of data for the various variables, so that the trend of their development can be formed with negligible error. A model will be made through a mathematical calculation in order to derive a long enough series with statistics reflecting the correlation between the individual variable indices and the standard deviation (volatility) to be able to obtain results with greater accuracy.
Vorteile der Modellversorgung nach § 64b SGB V aus Sicht von Nutzern
Authors: Glück Rosa Kato , Göppert Lena , Ziegenhagen Jenny
Published: November 2023

Die Modellvorhaben nach §64b SGB V formulieren die Absicht, sich stärker an den individuellen Bedürfnissen der Nutzerinnen der psychiatrischen Versorgung auszurichten. Während der kollaborativen Prozessevaluation PsychCare wurden auf Basis von Interviews mit Nutzern Merkmale der Modellversorgung entwickelt, anhand derer das Erleben der Nutzerinnen beschrieben und die Bedürfnisorientierung der Modellkliniken im Kontrast zur Regelversorgung evaluiert wurden.
Multilevel resistance states in van der Waals multiferroic tunnel junctions above room temperature
Authors: Zhang Yuanxiang , Li Xinlu , Sheng Jichao , Yu Shujie , Zhang Jia , Su Yurong
Published: November 2023

Multiferroic tunnel junctions (MFTJs) comprised of magnetic electrodes and a ferroelectric tunnel barrier have been emerging as promising candidates for nonvolatile memory applications. The recently discovered above room-temperature van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 and ferroelectric α-In2Se3 provides possibilities for constructing room-temperature vdW MFTJs. In this work, by using first-principles calculations, we investigate the spin-dependent transport in vdW MFTJs with structure of Fe3GaTe2/bilayer α-In2Se3/Fe3GaTe2. We predict a giant tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) high up to 10 000% by switching the magnetic alignments of Fe3GaTe2 and tunneling electroresistance (TER) exceeding 300% by controlling the ferroelectric configurations of bilayer α-In2Se3 in the proposed MFTJs. Furthermore, by introducing interface asymmetry and inserting monolayer of h-BN on one interface, the TMR and TER ratios of the MFTJs can be substantially enhanced. In consequence, the multi-level resistance states can be achieved by applying magnetic and electric field in asymmetric MFTJs. Our results highlight full vdW MFTJs for their potential applications in spintronic devices, particularly in the field of multilevel nonvolatile memories.
Limited-angle artifacts removal and jitter correction in soft x-ray tomography via physical model-driven deep learning
Authors: Tao Xiayu , Dang Zheng , Zheng Yutong , Zhang Chao , Guan Yong , Wu Zhao , Liu Gang , Tian Yangchao
Published: November 2023

Soft x-ray nanoscale tomography provides high-resolution three-dimensional visualization of the imaged objects and promotes the development of multiple research fields. However, the current challenges lie in the presence of limited-angle artifacts and projection jitter, which degrade the imaging resolution and quality. To address these issues, we propose a physical model-driven deep learning including forward and backward CT models. Combing with the iterative algorithm, the proposed method simultaneously suppresses the limited-angle and jitter artifacts. Furthermore, the physical model generates plenty of data to overcome the requirement of abundant experimental datasets. Both simulation and experiment demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed reconstruction algorithm.
A direct MIP-interfaced FET sensor for sensitive, selective, and real time biomolecule detection in unamplified samples: Toward POC bioelectronic transduction
Authors: Mukherjee P. , Dutta P. , Sinha K. , Sen S. , Shirke T. , Ganguly R. , Barui A. , RoyChaudhuri C.
Published: November 2023

Diverse efforts undertaken to mitigate the Debye screening effect of field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors have achieved higher sensitivity. However, the charge transfer or induction mechanism between the captured biomolecules and the sensing surface, resulting in shift of surface potential and, hence, the drain current magnitude, shows poor selectivity for real time detection of ultra-low biomolecule concentration in unamplified samples. Herein, enabling direct interaction of the target molecule with edge passivated thermally reduced graphene oxide, through the template of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), specific trap induced characteristic bulges in the noise spectrum has been observed only in the presence of target molecule. Such a phenomenon has not been observed either with antibodies or aptamers as receptors. Hence, the direct interface of MIP with a graphene FET (GFET) results in the generation of an additional electronic label in FET transduction. As a proof of concept, this principle has been validated for serotonin detection in serum in the presence of other neurotransmitters, resulting in detection limit of 0.05 fM in real time, which is more than two orders of magnitude lower than existing reports and, hence, is expected to pave the way for advancing GFET based sensors toward ultrasensitive point-of-care applications without requiring complex machine learning algorithms.
Effect of cross-flow velocity on spray evolution and impingement characteristics of a multi-hole port fuel injector
Authors: Jena Ashutosh , Agarwal Avinash Kumar
Published: November 2023

The location and orientation of the injector play a crucial role in determining engine performance and emissions from spark ignition and dual-fuel compression ignition engines. This study focuses on the spray atomization and downstream mixing of gasoline injected from a multi-hole port fuel injector in a crossflow. This study employed the phase Doppler interferometry technique to extract the droplet size and velocity distributions for the flow confined in a circular duct with a diameter similar to the intake port of the dual-fuel compression ignition engine. The flow velocity was maintained at 10 m/s at 1 atm pressure and 299 K temperature. The spray characteristics were compared for the quiescent and crossflow cases. The spray evolution was analyzed using a high-speed imaging technique. Near wall impingement analysis has been carried out using the spray impingement models. The early stage spray evolution was similar for the quiescent and crossflow cases. The horizontal velocity of the spray was found to be ∼12 m/s at 20 mm downstream of the injector. The velocity remained similar for the flow and no-flow cases, as drag force was found to have an insignificant effect. The drag force was estimated to be one order of magnitude higher for the 15-μm droplet than the 50-μm droplet. The maximum Sauter mean diameter observed for the flow case inside the spray was 53 μm, which was 18% higher than the maximum Sauter mean diameter of the no-flow case. The droplet Sauter mean diameter increased along the spray due to the coalescence of slow-moving droplets. The droplet breakup was found to be insignificant downstream of the spray. The flow entrained the droplets smaller than 30 μm. The spray-wall impingement criterion estimated around 42% of droplets to bounce off the surface at 50 mm, compared to 22% without flow.
In-depth three-component assessment of wind turbine wake using stereo PIV under low tip speed ratio conditions
Authors: Siram Ojing , Shinde Sachin Y. , Kulkarni Vinayak , Sahoo Niranjan
Published: November 2023

The behavior of wind turbine wake is unique and has a distinct pattern that often carries crucial information on the nature of wake propagation. This information plays a vital role in dictating the wind turbine wake model and subsequently in the design and placement of multirotor system. In most cases, either analytical or numerical, the representation of wind turbine wake is expressed as a streamwise flow deficit at different downstream locations. Though the result provides valuable information, the representation often lacks three-dimensional characterization, thus ignoring several influential factors that could potentially define the extent of propagation. In this aspect, an in-depth flow field mapping and assessment have been carried out behind a model horizontal-axis wind turbine using stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV) under low tip speed ratio conditions. The three-component mapping using the time-resolved SPIV data helped to understand the notion of the wake's helical behavior and its relationship with the velocity deficit. Apart from the Gaussian-like (skew) distribution of the streamwise velocity component, the stereo assessment reveals the formation of two opposite crests supporting the helical analogy. Toward the end, a comparative assessment with the existing analytical models have been carried out.
High-speed InAlAs digital alloy avalanche photodiode
Authors: Wang Wenyang , Yao Jinshan , Li Linze , Ge Huachen , Wang Luyu , Zhu Liqi , Chen Qiushi , Lu Hong , Chen Baile
Published: November 2023

Digital alloy (DA) InAlAs on the InP substrate exhibits a lower excess noise compared to a traditional In0.52Al0.48As random alloy as the multiplication layer in avalanche photodiodes (APDs). This work implements DA InAlAs as the multiplication layer in a 1550 nm separate absorption, grading, charge, and multiplication APD and characterizes the performances through various analyses. The device reaches a maximum gain of 221 before avalanche breakdown, with a maximum gain-bandwidth product of more than 140 GHz. At 90% breakdown voltage, the dark current density is 4.1 mA/cm2, and the responsivity is 0.48 A/W at unit gain. Excess noise factors were identified, yielding an effective k value of around 0.15, which is lower than that of random alloy In0.52Al0.48As APDs (k ∼0.2). These findings show that DA InAlAs has the potential to be a promising material for high-performance APDs.
Enhanced charge trapping characteristics through composite high-k material phase separation
Authors: Chai Puhao , Zhu Jun , Chen Jiale
Published: November 2023

Charge trapping memory with the P-Si/Al2O3/LaTiO/Al2O3/Pt structure was fabricated by a pulsed laser deposition system. An innovative high-k nanocrystal-amorphous phase structure could be stably formed in the charge trapping layer. The La2O3 nanocrystals are embedded in amorphous TiO2. Numerous charge traps are generated at the phase interface, which could significantly increase the charge trapping capability. A larger memory window of 16.56 V at ±12 V sweep voltage is observed, comparing with a lower value of 5.52 V for the simple amorphous structure. The device also demonstrated excellent stability, with only a 13% charge loss rate after 10 years and an unchanged memory window after 105 program/erase cycles. It is attributed to the structure that the amorphous phase isolates the trapped electrons around the nanocrystal and, thus, is resistant to loss. This work could provide an approach to generating charge traps by phase separation of high-k materials for future nonvolatile memory applications.
Vertical PtOx/Pt/
β
-Ga2O3 Schottky diodes with high permittivity dielectric field plate for low leakage and high breakdown voltage
Authors: Farzana Esmat , Roy Saurav , Hendricks Nolan S. , Krishnamoorthy Sriram , Speck James S.
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate Schottky barrier engineering using PtOx/thin Pt Schottky contacts combined with edge termination using a high permittivity dielectric (ZrO2) field-plate for high-voltage vertical β-Ga2O3 diodes. A systematic study of baseline bare Pt/β-Ga2O3, PtOx/thin Pt/β-Ga2O3, and PtOx/β-Ga2O3 Schottky diode characteristics was performed, which revealed that the PtOx/thin Pt/β-Ga2O3 contact can combine the advantages of both PtOx and Pt, allowing better reverse blocking performance than plain metal Pt/β-Ga2O3 Schottky diodes and lower turn-on voltage than plain oxidized metal PtOx/β-Ga2O3 ones. Moreover, the thin Pt interlayer in the PtOx/thin Pt/β-Ga2O3 anode contact configuration, deposited by e-beam deposition, also provides plasma-free interface at the Schottky junction as opposed to the direct sputter deposited PtOx contacts of the PtOx/β-Ga2O3 diodes. We further implemented a high permittivity dielectric (ZrO2) field plate in PtOx/thin Pt/β-Ga2O3 diodes that assisted in edge-field management and enabled a breakdown voltage to ∼2.34 kV. These results indicate that the PtOx/thin Pt/β-Ga2O3 Schottky contact, combined with a high permittivity field-plate, will be promising to enable Schottky barrier engineering for high-performance and efficient vertical β-Ga2O3 power switches.
A coupled level-set and tangent of hyperbola interface capturing (THINC) scheme with a single-step time integration for incompressible flows
Authors: Xiong Y. , Xie B. , Xiao F.
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we present a concise and efficient interface capturing scheme on polyhedral unstructured mesh with its numerical implementation for incompressible fluid simulation with surface tension. The so-called coupled Level-Set and Tangent of Hyperbola INterface Capturing scheme with a Consistent Single-step time integration (THINC/CSLS) updates both the volume-of-fluid (VOF) and level-set function simultaneously from a THINC reconstruction function. The proposed scheme has the potential to integrate the positive aspects of mass conservation from the VOF method and the accurate geometric representation from the level-set method. Other innovative and noteworthy aspects of the present scheme are listed as (1) an adaptive THINC reconstruction strategy is applied to ensure the boundness of the VOF function for various Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) numbers and the high quality of the level-set function for surface tension; (2) a single-step update procedure for both VOF and level-set function is implemented for better algorithmic consistency and efficiency; (3) a well-adapted numerical model is developed for incompressible simulation with free surface for both structured and unstructured grids. A comprehensive numerical procedure is introduced and validated by various well-received benchmark tests. Convincing evidence suggests that the present scheme is both accurate and efficient compared with other most advanced methods.
Cobalt doping induced emergent humps of Hall resistance in van der Waals ferromagnetic nanodevices of (Fe0.74Co0.26)3GeTe2
Authors: Wu Zhenqi , Niu Wei , Li Wei , Yang Jiajv , Gu Kai , Liu Xiangjie , Wang Xinwei , Chang Shiqi , Wei Lujun , Li Feng , Liu Ping , Zhang Xiaoqian , Ma Jingrui , He Liang , Xu Yongbing , Pu Yong
Published: November 2023

As a promising van der Waals (vdW) magnet, Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) has an inversion symmetry in structure, thus nominally prohibiting the generation of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and the resultant topological Hall effect (THE), which is manifested as hump-like features in transport. By virtue of doping, like the method of fabricating heterostructures, the crystal inversion symmetry of FGT could be broken artificially; therefore, humps of Hall resistance due to the THE are expected. However, alternative interpretations indicate inhomogeneity-induced multi-channel anomalous Hall effect (AHE) could also give rise to these humps. Here, besides the magnetic properties modified by Co doping, we report emergent humps in (Fe0.74Co0.26)3GeTe2 (FCGT) nanodevices. By scanning minor loops, partial anomalous Hall loops exceeding the full loop cannot be attributed to the THE, while it is in line with the multi-channel AHE scenario. These channels likely develop as a result of the Co atoms in FGT being randomly distributed, leading to multiple spatially separated magnetic regions with distinct coercive fields and magnetizations. By combing these AHE channels, the hump features in FCGT are effectively reproduced. Our work implies that the underlying multi-channel transport could also facilitate the development of versatile nanodevices utilizing the doped vdW ferromagnets.
Synergy principle and its application of endwall loss analyses in the turbine stator
Authors: Shao Ziyi , Wang Junfeng
Published: November 2023

The endwall flow significantly impacts the turbine performance behavior, and it is necessary to investigate the development of endwall secondary vortices and relevant losses. Inspired by the field synergy principle, the synergy between the velocity and the pressure gradient established by the three-dimensional mechanical energy conservation equation is innovatively applied to the endwall loss analysis in the stator of an axial-inflow turbine. In terms of the synergy equation, the loss is not only related to the viscous dissipation, but also the included angle (or the synergy angle) between the velocity vector and the pressure gradient vector. The physical content of the synergy angle suggests that the larger synergy angle is (i.e., the worse synergy), the higher losses should be. This conclusion has been validated by present numerical results, and an apparent positive correlation between the synergy angle and the losses could be perceived under time-averaged and transient conditions. The worse synergy could be observed at the passage rear part and the wake, where complex passage vortices and local separation exist. In these regions, the local velocity vector is not aligned with the bulk pressure gradient of the mainstream. Hence, the synergy angle has a marked rise, corresponding to the local high losses.
Extreme sensitivity of higher-order interatomic force constants and thermal conductivity to the energy surface roughness of exchange-correlation functionals
Authors: Zhou Hao , Zhou Shuxiang , Hua Zilong , Bawane Kaustubh , Feng Tianli
Published: November 2023

In this Letter, we report that the fourth-order interatomic force constants (4th-IFCs) are significantly sensitive to the energy surface roughness of exchange-correlation (XC) functionals in density functional theory calculations. This sensitivity, which is insignificant for the second- (2nd-) and third-order (3rd-) IFCs, varies for different functionals in different materials and can cause misprediction of thermal conductivity by several times of magnitude. As a result, when calculating the 4th-IFCs using the finite difference method, the atomic displacement needs to be taken large enough to overcome the energy surface roughness, in order to accurately predict phonon lifetime and thermal conductivity. We demonstrate this phenomenon on a benchmark material (Si), a high-thermal conductivity material (BAs), and a low thermal conductivity material (NaCl). For Si, we find that the LDA, PBE, and PBEsol XC functionals are all smooth to the 2nd- and 3rd-IFCs but all rough to the 4th-IFCs. This roughness can lead to a prediction of nearly one order of magnitude lower thermal conductivity. For BAs, all three functionals are smooth to the 2nd- and 3rd-IFCs, and only the PBEsol XC functional is rough for the 4th-IFCs, which leads to a 40% underestimation of thermal conductivity. For NaCl, all functionals are smooth to the 2nd- and 3rd-IFCs but rough to the 4th-IFCs, leading to a 70% underprediction of thermal conductivity at room temperature. With these observations, we provide general guidance on the calculation of 4th-IFCs for an accurate thermal conductivity prediction.
The enhanced vertical piezoelectricity in Janus C3HFX (X = Si and Ge) monolayers based on the born effective charges dipole-moment
Authors: Shang Xiao , Tang Dai-Song , He Qi-Wen , Zhang He-Na , Liu Fu-Chun , Wang Xiao-Chun
Published: November 2023

Recently, two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric materials are widely studied, and the vertical piezoelectric properties of 2D materials are highly required to be known in the related theory research works and experiments, so it becomes very important to explore the intrinsic mechanism of piezoelectricity in the 2D materials. Herein, we systematically study the piezoelectricity of Janus C3HFX (X = Si and Ge) monolayers with semiconductor property, which are carbon-based 2D materials, using the first-principles calculation. The remarkable enhancements on the absolute values of the vertical piezoelectric coefficient of C3HFSi-1 (e33 = 11.27 × 10−10 C/m) and C3HFGe-4 (e33 = −12.78 × 10−10 C/m) are larger than that of C4HF (e33 = −2.28 × 10−10 C/m) by 5 and 6 times, respectively. It indicates that the atom replacement at appropriate positions in the multiatomic monolayer can significantly enhance the vertical piezoelectric properties based on the appropriate distribution of polarization charge. We define the concepts, the Born effective charges center (BECs-center) and the BECs-dipole-moment in this work, to explain these large vertical piezoelectric coefficients’ variation. The larger BECs-dipole-moment will enhance the vertical piezoelectricity for these C3HFX monolayers than that of the C4HF monolayer. These concepts defined in this work will deepen the understanding of the internal physical mechanism about the piezoelectricity.
Weyl nodes and hybrid nodal loop with spin–orbit coupling in W2TeSe
Authors: Wu Jiafang , Ke Shasha , Guo Yong , Zhang Huaiwu , Lü Haifeng
Published: November 2023

Topological metals with unique fermionic states provide an attractive research platform for exploring various topological phenomena and have aroused great research interest. In this study, we employ first-principles calculations to predict that W2TeSe, a candidate for Weyl metal, exhibits the coexistence of type-I Weyl nodes and hybrid nodal loop. These topological features are protected by symmetries and remain robust against symmetries conserving perturbations, such as spin–orbit coupling. The number, energies, and separations of these Weyl points align with expectations for ideal topological fermions as they arise from low-energy gapless fermions near the Fermi level with significant momentum space separation.
Sustainable bio-inspired water pump using a thermo-pneumatic phenomenon with a blinking light
Authors: Sugioka Hideyuki , Matsuo Kazuma
Published: November 2023

In the natural world, the irradiance intensity of sunlight on the ground changes periodically due to diurnal motion. Here, inspired by natural trees, we propose a water pump using a thermo-pneumatic phenomenon with a blinking light. Specifically, we demonstrate that by the periodic irradiation of 110 W/m2 for the intrinsic irradiation area of ∼15 cm2, a Y-shaped bio-inspired pump having three chambers with two check valves can suck up water from a water source and expel it from the outlet at a 30 cm height with an average volume flow rate of ∼2.1 cm3/h (∼0.7 cm3/cycle). Surprisingly, the pumping ability of our pump is ∼20.4 times higher than that of the recent high-performance artificial tree in a simple comparison. Our findings should contribute to the sustainable transport of water and understanding of the transportation mechanism of natural trees in the future.
Single-pixel real-part and magnitude imaging system based on digital micromirror device
Authors: Zhao Ya-Nan , Wang Li , Bian Shuang-Long , Cui Sheng-Wei , Cao De-Zhong , Liang Bao-Lai , Liu Hong-Chao , Zhang Su-Heng
Published: November 2023

Single-pixel imaging (SPI) can capture images using a single-pixel detector. However, conventional SPI schemes only provide a magnitude image of the object, where the phase information is completely lost. Here, we present a dual-modal SPI (DMSPI) system capable of simultaneously capturing the real-part and magnitude images. Since the real-part image fuses the phase distribution, DMSPI has a strong information acquisition capability for all types of objects. The DMSPI system utilizes the two reflection arms provided by the digital micromirror device (DMD) to perform zero-frequency detection in one arm and bucket detection in the other to achieve dual-modal imaging. Benefiting from the unique modulation characteristics of DMD, the DMSPI system is simple and efficient, with high spatial resolution and fast imaging speed. Thus, it might find broad applications in biomedical diagnostics and industrial inspection.
Soft robotics informs how an early echinoderm moved
Authors: Desatnik Richard , Patterson Zach J. , Gorzelak Przemysław , Zamora Samuel , LeDuc Philip , Majidi Carmel
Published: November 2023

The transition from sessile suspension to active mobile detritus feeding in early echinoderms (c.a. 500 Mya) required sophisticated locomotion strategies. However, understanding locomotion adopted by extinct animals in the absence of trace fossils and modern analogues is extremely challenging. Here, we develop a biomimetic soft robot testbed with accompanying computational simulation to understand fundamental principles of locomotion in one of the most enigmatic mobile groups of early stalked echinoderms—pleurocystitids. We show that these Paleozoic echinoderms were likely able to move over the sea bottom by means of a muscular stem that pushed the animal forward (anteriorly). We also demonstrate that wide, sweeping gaits could have been the most effective for these echinoderms and that increasing stem length might have significantly increased velocity with minimal additional energy cost. The overall approach followed here, which we call “Paleobionics,” is a nascent but rapidly developing research agenda in which robots are designed based on extinct organisms to generate insights in engineering and evolution.
Sea ice concentration decline in an important Adélie penguin molt area
Authors: Schmidt Annie E. , Lescroël Amélie , Lisovski Simeon , Elrod Megan , Jongsomjit Dennis , Dugger Katie M. , Ballard Grant
Published: November 2023

Unlike in many polar regions, the spatial extent and duration of the sea ice season have increased in the Ross Sea sector of the Southern Ocean during the satellite era. Simultaneously, populations of Adélie penguins, a sea ice obligate, have been stable or increasing in the region. Relationships between Adélie penguin population growth and sea ice concentration (SIC) are complex, with sea ice driving different, sometimes contrasting, demographic patterns. Adélie penguins undergo a complete molt annually, replacing all their feathers while fasting shortly after the breeding season. Unlike most penguin species, a majority of Adélies are thought to molt on sea ice, away from the breeding colonies, which makes this period particularly difficult to study. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that persistent areas of high SIC provide an important molting habitat for Adélie penguins. We analyzed data from geolocating dive recorders deployed year-round on 195 adult penguins at two colonies in the Ross Sea from 2017 to 2019. We identified molt by detecting extended gaps in postbreeding diving activity and used associated locations to define two key molting areas. Remotely sensed data indicated that SIC during molt was anomalously low during the study and has declined in the primary molt area since 1980. Further, annual return rates of penguins to breeding colonies were positively correlated with SIC in the molt areas over 20 y. Together these results suggest that sea ice conditions during Adélie penguin molt may represent a previously underappreciated annual bottleneck for adult survival.
Genome-wide detection of human intronic AG-gain variants located between splicing branchpoints and canonical splice acceptor sites
Authors: Zhang Peng , Chaldebas Matthieu , Ogishi Masato , Al Qureshah Fahd , Ponsin Khoren , Feng Yi , Rinchai Darawan , Milisavljevic Baptiste , Han Ji Eun , Moncada-Vélez Marcela , Keles Sevgi , Schröder Bernd , Stenson Peter D. , Cooper David N. , Cobat Aurélie , Boisson Bertrand , Zhang Qian , Boisson-Dupuis Stéphanie , Abel Laurent , Casanova Jean-Laurent
Published: November 2023

Human genetic variants that introduce an AG into the intronic region between the branchpoint (BP) and the canonical splice acceptor site (ACC) of protein-coding genes can disrupt pre-mRNA splicing. Using our genome-wide BP database, we delineated the BP-ACC segments of all human introns and found extreme depletion of AG/YAG in the [BP+8, ACC-4] high-risk region. We developed AGAIN as a genome-wide computational approach to systematically and precisely pinpoint intronic AG-gain variants within the BP-ACC regions. AGAIN identified 350 AG-gain variants from the Human Gene Mutation Database, all of which alter splicing and cause disease. Among them, 74% created new acceptor sites, whereas 31% resulted in complete exon skipping. AGAIN also predicts the protein-level products resulting from these two consequences. We performed AGAIN on our exome/genomes database of patients with severe infectious diseases but without known genetic etiology and identified a private homozygous intronic AG-gain variant in the antimycobacterial gene
SPPL2A
in a patient with mycobacterial disease. AGAIN also predicts a retention of six intronic nucleotides that encode an in-frame stop codon, turning AG-gain into stop-gain. This allele was then confirmed experimentally to lead to loss of function by disrupting splicing. We further showed that AG-gain variants inside the high-risk region led to misspliced products, while those outside the region did not, by two case studies in genes STAT1 and IRF7. We finally evaluated AGAIN on our 14 paired exome-RNAseq samples and found that 82% of AG-gain variants in high-risk regions showed evidence of missplicing. AGAIN is publicly available from
https://hgidsoft.rockefeller.edu/AGAIN
and
https://github.com/casanova-lab/AGAIN
.
Evolution of point defects in pulsed-laser-melted Ge1-x
Sn
x
probed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy
Authors: Steuer O , Liedke M O , Butterling M , Schwarz D , Schulze J , Li Z , Wagner A , Fischer I A , Hübner R , Zhou S , Helm M , Cuniberti G , Georgiev Y M , Prucnal S
Published: November 2023

Direct-band-gap Germanium-Tin alloys (Ge1-x
Sn
x
) with high carrier mobilities are promising materials for nano- and optoelectronics. The concentration of open volume defects in the alloy, such as Sn and Ge vacancies, influences the final device performance. In this article, we present an evaluation of the point defects in molecular-beam-epitaxy grown Ge1-x
Sn
x
films treated by post-growth nanosecond-range pulsed laser melting (PLM). Doppler broadening – variable energy positron annihilation spectroscopy and variable energy positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy are used to investigate the defect nanostructure in the Ge1-x
Sn
x
films exposed to increasing laser energy density. The experimental results, supported with ATomic SUPerposition calculations, evidence that after PLM, the average size of the open volume defects increases, which represents a raise in concentration of vacancy agglomerations, but the overall defect density is reduced as a function of the PLM fluence. At the same time, the positron annihilation spectroscopy analysis provides information about dislocations and Ge vacancies decorated by Sn atoms. Moreover, it is shown that the PLM reduces the strain in the layer, while dislocations are responsible for trapping of Sn and formation of small Sn-rich-clusters.
Non-admissible irreducible representations of 𝑝-adic 𝐺𝐿_{𝑛} in characteristic 𝑝
Authors: Ghate Eknath , Le Daniel , Sheth Mihir
Published: November 2023

Let

p
>
3

p>3

and

F
F

be a non-archimedean local field with residue field a proper finite extension of

F

p

\mathbb {F}_p

. We construct smooth absolutely irreducible non-admissible representations of

G
L

2

(
F
)

\mathrm {GL}_2(F)

defined over the residue field of

F
F

extending the earlier results of the authors for

F
F

unramified over

Q

p

\mathbb {Q}_{p}

. This construction uses the theory of diagrams of Breuil and Pašk

u

¯

\bar {\mathrm {u}}

nas. By parabolic induction, we obtain smooth absolutely irreducible non-admissible representations of

G
L

n

(
F
)

\mathrm {GL}_n(F)

for

n
>
2

n>2

.
EMNGly: predicting N-linked glycosylation sites using the language models for feature extraction
Authors: Hou Xiaoyang , Wang Yu , Bu Dongbo , Wang Yaojun , Sun Shiwei
Published: November 2023

Motivation

N-linked glycosylation is a frequently occurring post-translational protein modification that serves critical functions in protein folding, stability, trafficking, and recognition. Its involvement spans across multiple biological processes and alterations to this process can result in various diseases. Therefore, identifying N-linked glycosylation sites is imperative for comprehending the mechanisms and systems underlying glycosylation. Due to the inherent experimental complexities, machine learning and deep learning have become indispensable tools for predicting these sites.

Results

In this context, a new approach called EMNGly has been proposed. The EMNGly approach utilizes pretrained protein language model (Evolutionary Scale Modeling) and pretrained protein structure model (Inverse Folding Model) for features extraction and support vector machine for classification. Ten-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach has outperformed existing techniques. And it achieves Matthews Correlation Coefficient, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.8282, 0.9343, 0.8934, and 0.9143, respectively on a benchmark independent test set.
Disseminated juvenile xanthogranulomas with underlying neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase fusion and response to larotrectinib
Authors: Kim Eun Jae , Reusch Diana Bartenstein , Anthony Hannah , Schmidt Birgitta , Corey Kristen , Degar Barbara , Huang Jennifer T
Published: November 2023

Recent molecular characterizations of histiocytoses, including juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), have identified diverse kinase gene mutations, suggesting that various targeted therapies may be promising treatments for these lesions. We herein present a case of an infant with disseminated JXG lesions with an underlying NTRK mutation who was successfully treated with larotrectinib.
Cardiac magnetic resonance–derived myocardial scar is associated with echocardiographic response and clinical prognosis of left bundle branch area pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Chen Zhongli , Ma Xuan , Gao Yuan , Wu Sijin , Xu Nan , Chen Feng , Song Yanyan , Li Chongqiang , Lu Minjie , Dai Yan , Gold Michael R , Zhao Shihua , Chen Keping
Published: November 2023

Aims

Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) is a novel approach for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), but the impact of myocardial substrate on its effect is poorly understood. This study aims to assess the association of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)–derived scar burden and the response of CRT via LBBAP.

Methods and results

Consecutive patients with CRT indications who underwent CMR examination and successful LBBAP-CRT were retrospectively analysed. Cardiac magnetic resonance late gadolinium enhancement was used for scar assessment. Echocardiographic reverse remodelling and composite outcomes (defined as all-cause death or heart failure hospitalization) were evaluated. The echocardiographic response was defined as a ≥15% reduction of left ventricular end-systolic volume. Among the 54 patients included, LBBAP-CRT resulted in a 74.1% response rate. The non-responders had higher global, septal, and lateral scar burden (all P < 0.001). Global, septal, and lateral scar percentage all predicted echocardiographic response [area under the curve (AUC): 0.857, 0.864, and 0.822; positive likelihood ratio (+LR): 9.859, 5.594, and 3.059; and negative likelihood ratio (−LR): 0.323, 0.233, and 0.175 respectively], which was superior to QRS morphology criteria (Strauss left bundle branch abnormality: AUC: 0.696, +LR 2.101, and −LR 0.389). After a median follow-up time of 20.3 (11.5–38.7) months, higher global, lateral and septal scar burdens were all predictive of the composite outcome (hazard ratios: 4.996, 7.019, and 4.741, respectively; P’s < 0.05).

Conclusion

Lower scar burden was associated with higher response rate of LBBAP-CRT. The pre-procedure CMR scar evaluation provides further useful information to identify potential responders and clinical outcomes.
3-D muographic inversion in the exploration of cavities and low-density fractured zones
Authors: Balázs László , Nyitrai Gábor , Surányi Gergely , Hamar Gergő , Barnaföldi Gergely Gábor , Varga Dezső
Published: November 2023

Muography is an imaging tool based on the attenuation of cosmic muons for observing density anomalies associated with large objects, such as underground caves or fractured zones. Tomography based on muography measurements, that is, 3-D reconstruction of density distribution from 2-D muon flux maps, brings along special challenges. The detector field of view covering must be as balanced as possible, considering the muon flux drop at high zenith angles and the detector placement possibilities. The inversion from directional muon fluxes to a 3-D density map is usually underdetermined (more voxels than measurements). Therefore, the solution of the inversion can be unstable due to partial coverage. The instability can be solved by geologically relevant Bayesian constraints. However, the Bayesian principle results in parameter bias and artefacts. In this work, linearized (density-length based) inversion is applied by formulating the constraints associated with inversion to ensure the stability of parameter fitting. After testing the procedure on synthetic examples, an actual high-quality muography measurement data set from seven positions is used as input for the inversion. The resulting tomographic imaging provides details on the complicated internal structures of karstic fracture zone. The existence of low density zones in the imaged space was verified by samples from core drills, which consist of altered dolomite powder within the intact high density dolomite.
Geodetic source models of the 2016–2022 Menyuan Earthquake sequence (Northeastern Tibet) inferred from InSAR and optical observations
Authors: He Lijia , Feng Guangcai , Wang Yuedong , Xiong Zhiqiang , Gao Hua , Liu Xiaoge
Published: November 2023

We study the 2016 January 21 (${{{M}}}_{\rm{w}}$ 5.9) and 2022 January 8 (${{{M}}}_{\rm{w}}$ 6.7) earthquake sequence that struck the Menyuan region in northwest China's Qinghai province. These two earthquakes are destructive events that occurred around/on the Lenglongling fault (LLLF). Here, we derive the line-of-sight displacement fields of the two earthquakes using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements of Sentinel-1 SAR data, and map the range and horizontal offset fields of the 2022 event using Sentinel-1 amplitude images and Planet-Lab optical images. Based on the offset maps, we determine the detailed surface rupture trace of the 2022 event. We perform slip inversions for the two earthquakes on triangle fault patches whose size increases with depth. Results show that the western branch segment of the 2022 event has a ∼0.5-m normal dip-slip motion. This result contradicts previous inferences on dip-slip sense of this branch segment. We identify a left-stepping fault structure with a ∼5-km step width in the transition zone between the Tuolaishan fault (TLSF) and LLLF, which may serve as a kinematic barrier to prevent further propagation of seismic rupture along the TLSF. Stress calculation shows that a stress drop of ∼0.4 bar produced by the 2016 event on a ∼5-km long LLLF segment may act as a negative stress barrier to suppress rupture propagation of the 2022 event toward the southeast of the LLLF.