bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diabetic Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors:   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Semikova G.V. ,   Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Khalimov Yu.Sh. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Lisker A.V. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Polyakova E.A. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Volkova A.R. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Aim. To systematize modern data on risk factors, clinical picture, diagnostics of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN), and to highlight the main directions of its prevention and treatment.
Key points. CAN (autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy) is a form of diabetic autonomic neuropathy in which, due to damage to sympathetic and/or parasympathetic fibers, the regulation of cardiac activity and vascular tone is impaired. Despite a significant increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease, CAN often remains unrecognized, which leads to the development of heart rhythm disturbances, vascular tone disorders and increases the risk of death from all causes. Among all forms of diabetic neuropathy, it is CAN that is associated with the highest mortality. The risk of CAN increases by 6% per year in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and by 2% per year in type 2 DM. The main factor of pathogenesis is chronic hyperglycemia, leading to oxidative stress and accumulation of advanced glycation end products, which damage first the parasympathetic and then the sympathetic link of the autonomic nervous system. Damage to autonomic regulation in CAN is always characterized by persistent and, as a rule, drug-resistant disorders. Persistent tachycardia in combination with painless myocardial ischemia significantly increases the risk of death from myocardial infarction and its complications. Diagnostics of CAN is currently based mainly on functional tests that can only detect an advanced process; sensitive and specific examination methods that allow assessing the initial manifestations of CAN are only being developed. Drugs that would have proven efficacy in relation to CAN are also not registered at present, but achieving target glycemia values can significantly slow down its progression. Modern drugs with neuroprotective properties can also have a positive effect on the initial manifestations of CAN.
Conclusion. Early detection and prevention of CAN are important clinical tasks. Currently, the key factor in preventing the development and progression of CAN is maintaining normal glycemia. The study of the effect of new classes of drugs on the course of CAN is ongoing; the data obtained suggest the possibility of some preventive potential for CAN in modern hypoglycemic drugs with a neuroprotective effect.
Keywords: diabetic autonomic neuropathy, cardiovascular neuropathy, heart rate variability, orthostatic hypotension, silent myocardial ischemia.
Diabetic Ketoacidos against the Background of Type 2 Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitor Use in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors:   Botkin Hospital, Ametov A.S. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; Moscow, Russian Federation, Pashkova E.Yu. ,   Botkin Hospital; Moscow, Russian Federation,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; Moscow, Russian Federation, Vengerova E.N. ,   Botkin Hospital; Moscow, Russian Federation, Lyamtseva U.P. ,   Botkin Hospital; Moscow, Russian Federation, Bedina A.V. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Aim. To demonstrate the outcome of type 2 sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT-2) inhibitor use in a young patient with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus against the background of a limited amount of carbohydrates in the diet by developing of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Key points. DKA is an acute life–threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by a complex of symptoms — hyperglycemia, hyperketonemia, metabolic acidosis. It develops in situations where the metabolic need for insulin significantly exceeds its level in the body.
After the introduction of SGLT-2 inhibitors into wide clinical practice, the concept of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis appeared, one of the triggers of which is a sharp restriction of carbohydrates in the diet against the background of the use of gliflozines.
Conclusion. SGLT-2 inhibitors are currently one of the key ones in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, nevertheless, in conditions of a sharp shortage of carbohydrates in the diet, they can provoke the development of diabetic ketoacidosis. For this reason, all patients receiving drugs of this group should be aware of the possible risks and trained in methods of preventing the development of complications of diabetes.
Keywords: diabetic ketoacidosis, complications of diabetes mellitus, type 2 sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors, hyperglycemia, hyperketonemia, metabolic acidosis, low-carbohydrate diet.
Metabolic Health and Obesity: Prospects and Challenges
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ametov A.S. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation,   Botkin Hospital; Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Metabolic health is a key factor in prevention and management of the majority of chronic conditions. Metabolic health prevention is a priority area of the modern healthcare, and it requires a comprehensive approach, which includes identification of the risk factors, lifestyle modification, search for new possible ways to correct the risk factors, and cooperation of various specialists for the benefit of the patient.
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, A.A. Askarovа , A.A. Askarov ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Z.A. Galin ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, R.R. Khakimov ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: January 2025

The article substantiates the need for an environmental assessment of land use
in agriculture using the example of one relatively large agricultural production
cooperative located in the Pre-Ural steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan
(hereinafter referred to as the "SEC").
OPTIMIZATION OF THE FORMULATION OF THE BOOZE DRINK
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, G.I. Baymuratova , V.M. Martynov ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, A.M. Kalimullin ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: January 2025

The article presents an experimental plan for the organoleptic evaluation of the
Booza drink, the formulation of which provides for the partial replacement of oatmeal
with flax seeds and the addition of honey instead of sugar. A mathematical model has
been determined by the method of regression analysis, which made it possible to
optimize the content of the indicated components in the formulation of the buza.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SCIENTIFICALLY BASED SYSTEM OF FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICAL SOIL RECLAMATION "A7 AGRO" OF THE ZIANCHURINSKY DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, N.G. Kurmasheva , F.F. Avsakhov ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: January 2025

Based on the calculation, the rates of lime application for melioration works were
determined - 9.4 tons per hectare.
The results of the calculation of the need for mineral fertilizers, using spring wheat
as an example, for the planned yield of 3.0 t /ha, it is necessary to apply mineral
fertilizers in the form of double superphosphate at a rate of 260.87 kg /ha, ammonium
nitrate at a rate of 203.5 kg / ha and potassium chloride at a rate of 150 kg / ha.
According to the agrochemical analysis, the acidity of the enterprise's soils was 5.5. To
optimize soil acidity, liming is recommended on an area of 4101 hectares. It is
recommended to apply phosphorus-containing fertilizers to optimize the composition
of the soil for phosphorus.
DIRECTIONS OF GROWTH OF FINANCIAL RESULTS OF THE VARIETY TESTING SITE
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, M.Т. Lukyanova
Published: January 2025

Financial results are entirely related to production and economic processes and
they reflect the level of efficiency of application of all resources, level of expenses,
success of development and profitability of agricultural production. The amount of
profit directly indicates the fact that the organization not only compensated for all
expenses, but also received additional funds that can be used for investment,
stimulation of development of the organization. In turn, the losses incurred reflect the
current problems of functioning of the organization, the validity of taking anti-crisis
measures aimed at reducing costs, choosing suppliers, searching for new markets for
products.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN RUSSIAN HEALTHCARE: ANALYSIS AND PROBLEMS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Z.T. Nasretdinova , Ya.-A.V. Leto ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, A.R. Nasretdinova ,   Kazan Federal University
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of a study of the main technologies of the digital
space of the healthcare system, studied and analyzed the issues of the use of artificial
intelligence in the healthcare system, identified current problems and prospects. An
overview of the regulatory regulation of the introduction of artificial intelligence into
Russian healthcare practice is given. The authors provide an overview of the types of AI solutions in healthcare, and predict the results of its implementation in the domestic
industry. The volume and directions of Russian investments in digital healthcare are
analyzed. The authors concluded that the high level of efficiency and productivity of
intelligent algorithms suggests that the use of AI is becoming a competitive advantage
of medical institutions, however, in order to use the full potential of AI technologies in
healthcare, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for their implementation,
leveling barriers and meeting the identified industry challenges.
THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF GROWING MICROGREENS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, R.A. Yakupova , R.S. Irgalina ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of evaluating the effectiveness of biopreparations
of LLC NVP Bashinkom on the growth processes of micro-greens of peas in peat
conditions. The data obtained indicate a high percentage of the economic efficiency of
using peat in the cultivation of micro greens. According to the options, it is worth
noting the high profitability after using the biopreparation "Nurse Mycorrhiza" (option
No3), the economic efficiency remains at a high threshold regardless of the growing
conditions of micro greens, 48.4% in soil conditions and 51.9% in peat conditions.
Thus, the most cost-effective option in the conducted studies was the use of
mycorrhiza.
THE EXPERIENCE OF CONDUCTING A DEMONSTRATION EXAM OF THE SPECIALTIES OF THE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL IN THE BASHKIR STATE UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, G.E. Gilmanova
Published: January 2025

The article presents the experience of conducting a demonstration exam at the
Bashkir State Pedagogical University. The author describes the methodology for
translating assessment criteria into an examination assessment.
PARAMETERS OF REPRODUCTION OF GEESE DEPENDING ON THE AGE FACTOR
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, A.R. Gaifullina , Sh.M. Mammadov ,   Scientific Research Institute of Animal Husbandry
Published: January 2025

We have studied the criteria of sexual activity of males of the parent flock of geese
of the I, II, III and IV periods of use. We have found out how age affects the quality of
reproduction. These studies are, from the point of view of production and economic
feasibility, especially important, since the hatchability of chicks, and therefore the
profitability of the enterprise, is determined by the qualities described above
THE EXPERIENCE OF USING THE FEED ADDITIVE "PROMATRIX" IN FEEDING DAIRY COWS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, E.V. Danilova , A.A. Basharov ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, F. M. Gafarova ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of studies of the biochemical composition of blood
and milk when feeding the feed additive "Promatrix" in the diet of dairy cows. The
effective use of nitrogen in the diet is due to the introduction of protein concentrate into
the diet of lactating cows. Thus, in cows of the first experimental group, which
consumed protein concentrate in the amount of 1.0 kg/head/day, the urea content in the
blood decreased by 11.5% (with an indicative value of P>0.95). In the second
experimental group, the urea content increased slightly to 6.53 mmol/l. Analysis of the
biochemical composition of cow's milk showed that when the full rate of protein
supplement was reached in the diet of cows, both in the first experimental and in the
second experimental groups, there was an increase in the mass fraction of protein by
1.6 and 1.8%, respectively. During the period of the experiment, the largest amount of
milk protein was also obtained in the 2-experimental group, which exceeded the peers
in the control by 8.8 kg or 10.9%.The superiority of cows of the same age in the first
experimental group compared with the control group of cows was at the level of 7.9 kg
or 9.8%.
AGRONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON WINTER WHEAT UNDER PRODUCTION CONDITIONS
Authors:   Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin, A.V. Krasovskaya , M.P. Chupina ,   Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin, S.A. Ivanov ,   PhosAgro-SeveroZapad LLC, E.V. Yudina ,   Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin, D.I. Harsekin ,   Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin
Published: January 2025

The study of the effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers on winter wheat in
the production conditions of the Omsk region in 2021-2022 showed that their use
affected the field germination of the crop in the autumn period, which was the highest
(81.0-81.6%) in the variants with seedbed application APAVIVA NPK(S) 10:26:26(2),
as well as on the tillering factor, which also depended on the number of seedlings. The
highest (2.14-2.17) it was on the variants with the introduction of APAVIVA NPK(S)
15:15:15(10). In the spring, there was a decrease in tillering on the variants, less - on
the fifth, sixth and seventh variants with the introduction of 200 kg of APAVIVA
NPK(S) 10:26:26(2) at sowing. Productive tillering was lower than the general one and
it was higher in the third, second and fourth variants. The high biological grain yield
was provided by the variants with the application of APAVIVA NPK(S) 10:26:26(2)
at sowing - 200 kg/ha. The application of APAVIVA NPK(S) 15:15:15(10) fertilizer
at sowing also made it possible to obtain a significant increase in winter wheat grain
compared to the control. The maximum grain yield of winter wheat was obtained with the application of APAVIVA NPK(S) 10:26:26(2) fertilizer at sowing and various
fertilizing options in spring. In terms of protein content, the second and third options
with the introduction of APAVIVA NP(S) 20:20(14) - 200 kg/ha + top dressing
NITRIVA N 34.4-130 kg/ha and APAVIVA NPK(S) 15:15:15(10) – 200 kg/ha +
NITRIVA N 34.4 - 130 kg/ha ensured the production of wheat of the 2nd class, the
control variant - of the 4th class, all other variants - of the 3rd class. The highest seed
germination - 98.5 - 99.0% was obtained in the sixth and seventh variants.
Effect of core stabilization exercises on cervical sagittal balance parameters in patients with forward head posture: a randomized controlled trial in Egypt
Authors: Shabana Ahmed Mahmoud Mohamed , Hanafy Abeer Farag , Yamany Ahmad Salamah , Ashour Reda Sayed
Published: January 2025

Study Design: A randomized controlled trial using a pretest-posttest control group design.Purpose: This study investigated the effects of core stabilization exercises (CSEs) on cervical sagittal vertical alignment (cSVA), Cobb’s angle, and Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores in patients with forward head posture (FHP).Overview of Literature: FHP is a local poor neck posture. However, it is frequently caused by sagittal lumbopelvic malalignment. Therefore, an alternative view by which we can begin proximal neuromuscular control is necessary.Methods: This study included 36 patients with FHP with a mean age of 27±2.63 years. These patients were randomly assigned to the two following groups: experimental group A (n=19), which received CSEs and postural correctional exercises (PCEs), , and control group B (n=17), which received only the PCE program. Randomization was performed using the computer-generated block randomization method. Training was applied 3 times per week and lasted for 6 weeks. Data were collected before and after training using lateral view cervical X-ray and NDI.Results: Two-way mixed-design multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant improvements in mean cSVA and NDI values after training (p <0.05) in experimental group (A) compared with pre-training values, whereas no significant differences in these values were observed after training in the control group. In contrast, no significant difference in the mean Cobb angle values after training was observed between the groups.Conclusions: Adding CSEs to PCEs is more effective than performing PCEs alone for managing FHP. The trial was registered in the ClinicalTrials. gov registry under the registration number NCT06160245.
Computed tomography Hounsfield unit values as a treatment response indicator for spinal metastatic lesions in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective study in Japan
Authors: Taniwaki Hiroshi , Dohzono Sho , Sasaoka Ryuichi , Takamatsu Kiyohito , Hoshino Masatoshi , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: January 2025

Study Design: A retrospective study.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the impact of increased Hounsfield unit (HU) values for metastatic spinal lesions measured via computed tomography on the overall survival of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and identify factors associated with increased HU values in metastatic spinal lesions.Overview of Literature: Previous studies have underscored the utility of the HU as a marker of treatment response in metastatic bone lesions. However, no prior studies have explored the relationship between HU changes in response to treatment and overall survival in patients with NSCLC.Methods: This study included a total of 85 patients between 2016 and 2021. Nonsurgical treatments were provided by the respiratory medicine department. HU values for metastatic spinal lesions were evaluated upon diagnosis of spinal metastasis (baseline) and at 3, 6, and 12 months thereafter. Patients were then divided into two groups based on the median HU increase from baseline to 3 months. Overall survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results: Based on the median change in HU value (124), 42 and 43 patients were categorized into the HU responder and non-responder groups, respectively. The median overall survival was significantly longer in the HU responder group than in the HU non-responder group (13.7 months vs. 6.4 months, p <0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the use of antiresorptive agents and molecularly targeted therapies were factors significantly associated with an increase in HU.Conclusions: An increase in HU values for metastatic spinal lesions after 3 months of treatment was correlated with a significantly longer overall survival in patients with NSCLC. Thus, HU measurements may not only serve as an easy and quantitative approach for evaluating treatment response in metastatic spinal lesions but also predict overall survival.
Performance and clinical implications of machine learning models for detecting cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a systematic review
Authors: Liawrungrueang Wongthawat , Cho Sung Tan , Cholamjiak Watcharaporn , Sarasombath Peem , Twinprai Nattaphon , Twinprai Prin , Han Inbo
Published: January 2025

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a significant spinal condition that can lead to severe neurological deficits. Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have led to the development of promising tools for the early detection and diagnosis of OPLL. This systematic review evaluated the diagnostic performance of ML and DL models and clinical implications in OPLL detection. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases were searched for studies published between January 2000 and September 2024. Eligible studies included those utilizing ML or DL models for OPLL detection using imaging data. All studies were assessed for the risk of bias using appropriate tools. The key performance metrics, including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC), were analyzed. Eleven studies, comprising a total of 6,031 patients, were included. The ML and DL models demonstrated high diagnostic performance, with accuracy rates ranging from 69.6% to 98.9% and AUC values up to 0.99. Convolutional neural networks and random forest models were the most used approaches. The overall risk of bias was moderate, and concerns were primarily related to participant selection and missing data. In conclusion, ML and DL models show great potential for accurate detection of OPLL, particularly when integrated with imaging techniques. However, to ensure clinical applicability, further research is warranted to validate these findings in more extensive and diverse populations.
The Method for calculating the initial data for determining the waterproofness of translucent structures based on meteorological observations
Authors: Traore А. S. , Konstantinov A. P. , Aksenov I. S.
Published: January 2025

The regulatory limit of water permeability of translucent enclosing structures in Russia and the methods of laboratory tests of water permeability are not tied to the construction conditions (climatic parameters of the construction region, building height, etc.). In this paper, we propose a method for calculating the initial data for assessing the waterproofness of translucent structures, taking into account the construction conditions (climatic region of construction, height of installation of the structure). This method is based on the application of standard data from long-term meteorological observations on the intensity of horizontal precipitation and wind speed during rain. This calculation method is proposed to be used in substantiating the design requirements for the waterproofness of translucent structures, as well as during laboratory tests. The use of this method is possible only if there is long-term meteorological observation data on the intensity of horizontal precipitation and wind speed during rain.
Design features of wall enclosing structures for residential buildings in the Russian Federation
Authors: Gnedina L. Yu , Oparina L. A.
Published: January 2025

The stages of historical events preceding the appearance of energy-efficient buildings in the Russian Federation are presented. The current state of the issue is being investigated, and problems preventing the active emergence of energy-efficient buildings are identified. Modern solutions of external enclosing structures of residential buildings are analyzed on the basis of Russian experience, taking into account climatic conditions and peculiarities of calculating the thermophysical properties of enclosing structures. It is proposed to use cheaper and less labor-intensive single-layer enclosing structures in the construction of buildings.
Determination of the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete rectangular contoured slabs, taking into account the impact of the spacer
Authors: Bondarev B. А. , Suslov I. A. , Bondarev A. В. , Zhidkov V. K. , Sturova V. A.
Published: January 2025

The application of the limit equilibrium method to the calculation of reinforced concrete slabs allows us to obtain fairly simple expressions of the bearing capacity for various loading schemes. Usually, plates are calculated in a kinematic way, which consists in considering a set of possible destruction schemes, of which the one corresponding to the minimum load obtained from the equality of virtual works is taken as the calculated one. The reality of the schemes under consideration and, in particular, the calculated one is important, since otherwise the load-bearing capacity will be reduced.
Application of strength theories in assessing the stress-strain state of steel-concrete structures
Authors: Khazov P. А. , Pomazov A. P. , Sitnikova A. K. , Dubov A. L.
Published: January 2025

Currently, there is a development of high-rise and unique construction, which requires the study of new composite materials, the development of new calculation methods, and the introduction of innovative technologies. Pipe-concrete structures are a successful combination of two completely different materials – steel and concrete, combining their advantages. .In the experimental part, pipe-concrete samples with a length of 100 mm were tested with an axial compressive load. The shell pipe and the concrete core were also tested separately. Based on the results of the experiments, longitudinal deformation diagrams are constructed, which are compared with the deformation of a hollow steel pipe. Stress components in a steel cage and a concrete core are determined using the dependencies of the theory of small elastic-plastic deformations. The applicability of classical strength theories has been evaluated to assess the stress-strain state of a core in a state of triaxial compression and a steel shell experiencing tensile circumferential stresses from the internal pressure of the core on the pipe walls. An experimental evaluation of the obtained results was performed.
CAPITALIZAÇÃO SIMPLES E COMPOSTA NAS SITUAÇÕES COTIDIANAS: APLICAÇÕES E APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Carvalho Ivonete Melo de , Vinholi Júnior Airton José
Published: January 2025

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar se e como os estudantes do 2.º ano do Ensino Médio, de 13 (treze) escolas públicas estaduais de Campo Grande/MS, aplicam o conhecimento de matemática financeira aprendido ao longo do 1.º ano do Ensino Médio, bem comoinvestigar como o conhecimento empírico do assunto influencia o aprendizado e a aplicação dos conceitos elementares formais (científicos) da matemática financeira no cotidiano desses estudantes. Permeado por uma pesquisa aplicada, de abordagem quali-quantitativa, o procedimento metodológico principal consistiu na aplicação de questionários, via plataforma Google Forms, que envolveram três diferentes contextos de abordagem, aplicados aos estudantes do ensino médio que cursaram o 1.º ano dos cursos técnicos, nas subáreas de Administração, em escolas públicas do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, em 2020. A análise dos dados foi realizada à luz do viés da educação matemática crítica. O que se observou é que, de maneira geral, o conhecimento empírico preexistente influencia o aprendizado formal e que, deste modo, o que se aprende na escola não é praticado no cotidiano do alunado.
Artificial Intelligence and Legal Decision-Making in the USA and Pakistan: A Critical Appreciation of Regulatory Frameworks
Authors: Munir Bakht , Ansari Akhtar Ali , Arafat Yasir
Published: January 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is substituting human decision-making in every aspect of life where law stands with no exception. New technological trends offer expeditious and cost-effective AI tools yet confront challenges such as privacy invasion, bias, fairness, and hallucinations, necessitating regulatory oversight. Like other countries, the USA and Pakistan have initiated AI solutions in their legal domain. A strong regulatory oversight is indispensable for its legitimacy and efficiency. Based on their functions and ethical considerations, AI tools in the legal profession face competing opinions. With qualitative research methodology, the research aims to explore how AI is transforming and reshaping the legal regime, focused on the comparative analysis of the USA and Pakistan. The research paper critically examines the legal frameworks and impacts of AI solutions and how both countries navigate the complexities of AI-based decision-making.
Communicating hydrocephalus following stereotactic radiosurgery for periventricular meningiomas: illustrative cases
Authors: Lasica Aleksandra B. , Tancu Cornel , Abussuud Zeid A. , Watkins Laurence D. , Grover Patrick J.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a well-established option for the management of intracranial tumors, including meningiomas. Although valued for its low invasiveness and precision, it still carries a risk of complications. Communicating hydrocephalus is a serious, albeit rarely reported, complication of SRS. Here, the authors report two cases of communicating hydrocephalus following Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for periventricular meningiomas.

OBSERVATIONS

In both reported cases, the patients experienced a sudden deterioration in their clinical condition a few months after the second GKRS for recurrent periventricular World Health Organization grade II atypical meningiomas. The patients underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples revealed elevated levels of total protein and albumin. Additionally, both patients underwent multiple resections before radiation, and some of their lesions were located near the venous sinuses.

LESSONS

Though rare, communicating hydrocephalus represents a significant potential sequela of SRS for meningiomas that clinicians should be aware of. Factors such as tumor volume and location, histology, and previous irradiation or surgery can exacerbate radiation-induced damage and collectively underlie the development of hydrocephalus. The authors also speculate that the CSF protein levels can serve as a unifying marker of SRS-induced radiation damage in the form of radiation-associated tumor necrosis, radiation-induced hyperpermeability, and inflammatory response.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24722
The First Agro-biological Characterization of Various Vine Tea (Ampelopsis cantoniensis (H&A) Pl.) Accessions Collected in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Ninh Thi Phip , Nguyen Phuong Mai , Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai , Nguyen Huy Van , Nguyen Mai Thom , Bui The Khuynh , Phan Thi Hong Nhung
Published: January 2025

Vine tea (Ampelopsis cantoniensis (H&A) Pl.) is a beneficial herbal tea with a high content of the natural antioxidant dihydromyricetin (DHM). Five accessions of vine tea were collected from different locations in Vietnam, viz. VT-CD01 (collected in Sapa), VT-CD02 (Lai Chau - 1), VT-CD03 (Lai Chau - 2), VT-CD04 (Son La), and VT-CD05 (Bac Giang), and were grown in Sapa, Lao Cai, Vietnam from 2017 to 2020 to evaluate their agro-biological characteristics and DHM contents. The leaf color, color of the young petiole, and leaflet shape of these accessions showed similar morphological characteristics to the snake wine vine. VT-CD01, VT-CD02, and VT-CD04 featured purple young leaves, whereas the leaves of VT-CD03 and VT-CD05 were green. VT-CD01 and VT-CD02 showed the best growth with the highest numbers of branches, high yields, and high DHM contents (35.02% in VT-CD01 and 35.25% in VT-CD02). The DHM in VT-CD03 (34.41%) and VT-CD04 (30.86%) also were high, whereas that in VT-CD05 (6.3%) was lower than the requirement of Vietnamese Pharmacopeia V (18%). The accessions VT-CD03, VT-DC04, and especially VT-CD01 and VT-CD02 should be cultivated and are recommended for the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases.
Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Maize in Deukhuri, Dang
Authors: Khanal Kabita , Acharya Pooja , Mehta Arati , Dabargaiyyan Bibek , Kandel Bishnu Prasad
Published: January 2025

The evaluation of hybrid maize in terms of agro-morphology and genetic variability is crucial for hybrid maize development programs. The main purpose of the study was the evaluation of the performance of various hybrid genotypes in terms of production. The study was conducted at the research field of Prithu Technical College, Lamahi Dang. Twelve maize hybrids with three replications were under study in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) during the spring of 2021. Rampur Hybrid-6 and Rampur Hybrid-10 were the standard checks. Each genotype was cultivated in a plot of 3m x 3m resulting in a net plot area of 385 m2 per block. Analysis of variance showed that all the studied traits were found to be significant except ear length, ear diameter, and the number of kernel rows per ear. Three varieties, RML-98, RML-4, and RL-107, were found to be superior with grain yield values of 11.26, 9.92, and 10.22 tons ha-1, respectively, which were higher than the standard checks Rampur Hybrid-10 (9.24 tons ha-1) and Rampur-Hybrid-6 (8.23 tons ha-1). A positive correlation was found between the number of kernels per row and grain yield. The trait with the highest impact on the grain yield was days to silking. Therefore, these traits are suggested for selection in further breeding improvement programs
History of choir movement in Sfântu Gheorghe from the 19th century onwards
Authors: Loffi G. , Filip I.C.
Published: January 2025

The choral movement in Sfântu Gheorghe has a long and distinguished history, spanning from its early beginnings in the 19th century to the modern day. This article explores the development of the town's musical traditions, highlighting key ensembles, conductors, and events that shaped the cultural landscape. The article delves into the contributions of groups such as the LAUDATE Choir, the Reformed Choir, and the Vox Humana Chamber Choir, as well as examining the socio-cultural and religious contexts that fostered this rich choral tradition. Concluding with insights into contemporary initiatives, this article offers a comprehensive account of the enduring legacy and ongoing vitality of the choral art form in Sfantu Gheorghe.
Jugendfreiwilligendienste: Nischendasein oder Wegweiser für späteres Engagement junger Frauen und Männer?
Authors: Grgic Mariana , Lochner Susanne
Published: January 2025

Jugendfreiwilligendienste als Orte der non-formalen Bildung bieten jährlich mehreren zehntausend Menschen die Möglichkeit eines intensiven, zeitlich befristeten freiwilligen Engagements in bestimmten Einsatzbereichen wie der Sozialen Arbeit, der Pflege, dem Umweltschutz oder in sozialen Projekten im Ausland. Aufgrund zahlreicher gesellschaftlicher Veränderungen in den letzten 20 Jahren, wie der Abschaffung des Zivildienstes, der G8-Reform in Gymnasien oder der Einschränkungen in der Corona-Pandemie, untersucht der Beitrag die langfristige Entwicklung der Teilnehmendenzahlen im Freiwilligen Sozialen Jahr (FSJ), dem Freiwilligen Ökologischen Jahr (FÖJ), dem Bundesfreiwilligendienst (BFD), dem Internationalen Jugendfreiwilligendienst (IJFD) und dem Programm ‚weltwärts‘. In einer Auswertung des Freiwilligensurveys 2019 (n=24.954) wird zusätzlich analysiert, ob die Teilnahme an einem Freiwilligendienst mit der späteren Engagementbereitschaft zusammenhängt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zuletzt sinkende Teilnehmendenzahlen, unter anderem aufgrund der Corona-Pandemie. Ein Engagement in einem Freiwilligendienst erhöht zudem – neben anderen Formen des frühen freiwilligen Engagements – die Chance, auch in späterem Erwachsenenalter freiwillig engagiert zu sein. Dies spricht dafür, das freiwillige Engagement junger Menschen auch zukünftig zu fördern.
Quantitative Modeling of Biochemical Networks
Authors: Hofestädt R. , Thelen S.
Published: January 2025

Today different database systems for molecular structures (genes and proteins) and metabolic pathways are available. All these systems are characterized by the static data representation. For progress in biotechnology the dynamic representation of this data is important. The metabolism can be characterized as a complex biochemical network. Different models for the quantitative simulation of biochemical networks are discussed, but no useful formalization is available. This paper shows that the theory of Petrinets is useful for the quantitative modeling of biochemical networks
In Silico Cloning of a New Protein Kinase, Aik2, Related to Drosophila Aurora Using the New Tool: EST Blast
Authors: Prigent Claude , Gill Rob , Trower Mike , Sanseau Philippe
Published: January 2025

In this short communication we report for the first time to our knowledge the use of ESTBlast to in silico clone a new gene and a step by step description of this particular in silico cloning project.
Bioinformatic Strategies for Better Understanding of Immune	Function
Authors: Petrovsky Nikolai , Schönbach Christian , Brusic Vladimir
Published: January 2025

Novartis Foundation sponsored a Symposium which brought together a group of experimental immunologists, theoretical immunologists, and bioinformaticians to discuss the new field of immunoinformatics. The discussion focused on immunological databases, antigen processing and presentation, immunogenomics, host-pathogen interactions, and mathematical modelling of the immune system. A main conclusion of the meeting is the critical role played by immunoinformatics in current immunology research. In particular, immunoinformatics provides a foundation for the emerging fields of systems immunology and immunogenomics.
Accelerating Comparative Genomics Using Parallel Computing
Authors: Janaki Chintalapati , Joshi Rajendra R.
Published: January 2025

In the past decade there has been an increase in the number of completely sequenced genomes due to the race of multibillion-dollar genome-sequencing projects. The enormous biological sequence data thus flooding into the sequence databases necessitates the development of efficient tools for comparative genome sequence analysis. The information deduced by such analysis has various applications viz. structural and functional annotation of novel genes and proteins, finding gene order in the genome, gene fusion studies, constructing metabolic pathways etc. Such study also proves invaluable for pharmaceutical industries, such as in silico drug target identification and new drug discovery. There are various sequence analysis tools available for mining such useful information of which FASTA and Smith-Waterman algorithms are widely used. However, analyzing large datasets of genome sequences using the above codes seems to be impractical on uniprocessor machines. Hence there is a need for improving the performance of the above popular sequence analysis tools on parallel cluster computers. Performance of the Smith-Waterman (SSEARCH) and FASTA programs were studied on PARAM 10000, a parallel cluster of workstations designed and developed in-house. FASTA and SSEARCH programs, which are available from the University of Virginia, were ported on PARAM and were optimized. In this era of high performance computing, where the paradigm is shifting from conventional supercomputers to the cost-effective general-purpose cluster of workstations and PCs, this study finds extreme relevance. Good performance of sequence analysis tools on a cluster of workstations was demonstrated, which is important for accelerating identification of novel genes and drug targets by screening large databases.
MetMAP: An Integrated Matlab™ Package for Analysis and	Optimization of Metabolic Systems
Authors: Vera Julio , Torres Néstor V.
Published: January 2025

In previous works we have presented and applied a method to predict the parameter profile that optimizes biochemical systems regarding either a single or a set of metabolic responses within physiological constraints [Vera et al., 2003a]. This optimization technique requires a previous model definition and a translation to S-system form and the use of widely available linear programming packages. However, in dealing with these issues the interested researcher has to confront additional difficulties because of a lack of connectivity among available software packages or routines specifically designed to perform different tasks. In addition to this difficulty is the unavailability of any automated package which is capable of performing such optimizations and the previous required analysis. This situation prompted us to develop an integrated software package able to deal with these tasks in a single program environment. In this paper we present a software package for the model definition, analysis and optimization of a biochemical system. It starts with a given model definition that is directly translated to its equivalent S-system form. Once the model quality assessment is performed (stability and sensitivity analysis) the program determines the parameter profile that yields the optimized response compatible with a predefined set of constraints. Moreover the package finds the set of solutions obtained when more than one system's responses are to be optimized (multiobjective optimization).
Content Analysis of the Core Promoter Region of Human Genes
Authors: Bajic Vladimir B. , Choudhary Vidhu , Hock Chuan Koh
Published: January 2025

We analyzed an extended core promoter regions covering [-70,+60] segment relative to the transcription start site of human promoters contained in the Eukaryotic Promoter Database. The analysis was made by using the Match program ver. 1.9 with an optimized setting and the TRANSFAC Professional database ver. 7.2. This analysis revealed that the most common transcription factor binding site in the examined collection of core promoters appears to be initiator (characterized by GEN_INI), which is expected. The other less obvious sites found were Spz1, E2F-1, ZF5, and C/EBP. The 'cap' site was also in this most common group. Over-representation of these sites relative to the non-promoter background data ranged from 0.3167 to 32.1645. These sites were characterized by being present in more than 60% of promoter sequences. Interestingly, the TATA-box has been found in only 11.63% of all examined promoters. The study is complemented by separate analyses of promoter groups having different GC content. These additional analyses revealed that the most common promoter elements found also include AP-2, CdxA, Pax-2, SRY, STAT1 and STAT5A. It was also observed that a number of promoter elements show strong preference either for the GC-rich or the GC-poor core promoters.
Efficient Prediction of Alternative Splice Forms Using Protein	Domain Homology
Authors: Hiller Michael , Backofen Rolf , Heymann Stephan , Busch Anke , Gläßer Timo Mika , Freytag Johann-Christoph
Published: January 2025

Alternative splicing can yield manifold different mature mRNAs from one precursor. New findings indicate that alternative splicing occurs much more often than previously assumed. A major goal of functional genomics lies in elucidating and characterizing the entire spectrum of alternative splice forms.

Existing approaches such as EST-alignments focus only on the mRNA sequence to detect alternative splice forms. They do not consider function and characteristics of the resulting proteins. One important example of such functional characterization is homology to a known protein domain family. A powerful description of protein domains are profile Hidden Markov models (HMM) as stored in the Pfam database.

In this paper we address the problem of identifying the splice form with the highest similarity to a protein domain family. Therefore, we take into consideration all possible splice forms. As demonstrated here for a number of genes, this homology based approach can be used successfully for predicting partial gene structures. Furthermore, we present some novel splice form predictions with high-scoring protein domain homology and point out that the detection of splice form specific protein domains helps to answer questions concerning hereditary diseases.

Simple approaches based on a BLASTP search cannot be applied here, since the number of possible splice forms increases exponentially with the number of exons. To this end, we have developed an efficient polynomial-time algorithm, called ASFPred (Alternative Splice Form Prediction). This algorithm needs only a set of exons as input.
PPD – Proteome Profile Database
Authors: Sakharkar Kishore R. , Chow Vincent T.K.
Published: January 2025

With the complete sequencing of multiple genomes, there have been extensions in the methods of sequence analysis from single gene/protein-based to analyzing multiple genes and proteins simultaneously. Therefore, there is a demand for user-friendly software tools that will allow mining of these enormous datasets. PPD is a WWW-based database for comparative analysis of protein lengths in completely sequenced prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. PPD's core objective is to create protein classification tables based on the lengths of proteins by specifying a set of organisms and parameters. The interface can also generate information on changes in proteins of specific length distributions. This feature is of importance when the user's interest is focused on some evolutionarily related organisms or on organisms with similar or related tissue specificity or life-style. PPD is available at: PPD Home.
Global Gene Expression Analysis by Combinatorial	Optimization
Authors: Ameur Adam , Aurell Erik , Carlsson Mats , Westholm Jakub Orzechowski
Published: January 2025

Generally, there is a trade-off between methods of gene expression analysis that are precise but labor-intensive, e.g. RT-PCR, and methods that scale up to global coverage but are not quite as quantitative, e.g. microarrays. In the present paper, we show how how a known method of gene expression profiling (K. Kato, Nucleic Acids Res. 23, 3685–3690 (1995)), which relies on a fairly small number of steps, can be turned into a global gene expression measurement by advanced data post-processing, with potentially little loss of accuracy. Post-processing here entails solving an ancillary combinatorial optimization problem. Validation is performed on silico experiments generated from the FANTOM data base of full-length mouse cDNA. We present two variants of the method. One uses state-of-the-art commercial software for solving problems of this kind, the other a code developed by us specifically for this purpose, released in the public domain under GPL license.
GeneInfoViz: Constructing and Visualizing Gene Relation	Networks
Authors: Zhou Mi , Cui Yan
Published: January 2025

Large amounts of knowledge about genes have been stored in public databases. One of the most challenging problems in Bioinformatics is, given all the information about the genes in the databases, determining the relationships between the genes. For example, how can we determine if genes are related and how closely they are related based on existing knowledge about their biological roles. We developed GeneInfoViz, a web tool for batch retrieval of gene information and construction and visualization of gene relation networks. We created a database containing compiled Gene Ontology information for the genes of several model organisms. Users can batch search for a group of genes and get the Gene Ontology terms that are associated with the genes. Directed acyclic graphs are generated to show the hierarchical structure of the Gene Ontology tree. GeneInfoViz calculates an adjacency matrix to determine whether the genes are related and, if so, how closely they are related based on biological processes, molecular functions, or cellular components they are associated with and then displays a dynamic graph layout of the network among the selected genes.