bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the ethics of social network research in libraries
Authors: Mannheimer Sara , Young Scott W.H. , Rossmann Doralyn
Published: June 2016

Purpose

In this paper, faculty librarians at an academic institution explore the ethical dimensions of conducting research with user-generated social networking service (SNS) data. In an effort to guide librarian-researchers, this paper first offers a background discussion of privacy ethics across disciplines and then proposes a library-specific ethical framework for conducting SNS research.

Design/methodology/approach

By surveying the literature in other disciplines, three key considerations are identified that can inform ethical practice in the field of library science: context, expectation, and value analysis. For each of these considerations, the framework is tailored to consider ethical issues, as they relate to libraries and our practice as librarian-researchers.

Findings

The unique role of the librarian-researcher demands an ethical framework specific to that practice. The findings of this paper propose such a framework.

Practical implications

Librarian-researchers are at a unique point in our history. In exploring SNSs as a source of data to conduct research and improve services, we become challenged by conflicting and equally cherished values of patron privacy and information access. By evaluating research according to context, expectations, and value, this framework provides an ethical path forward for research using SNS data.

Originality/value

As of this paper’s publication, there is no existing ethical framework for conducting SNS research in libraries. The proposed framework is informed both by library values and by broader research values, and therefore provides unique guidelines for the librarian-researcher.
“Privacy by default” and active “informed consent” by layers
Authors: Noain-Sánchez Amaya
Published: June 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to lay out an approach to addressing the problem of privacy protection in the global digital environment based on the importance that information has to improve users’ informational self-determination. Following this reasoning, this paper focuses on the suitable way to provide user with the correct amount of information they may need to maintain a desirable grade of autonomy as far as their privacy protection is concerned and decide whether or not to put their personal data on the internet.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors arrive at this point in their analysis by qualitative discourse analysis of the most relevant scientific papers and dossiers relating to privacy protection.

Findings

The goal of this paper is twofold. The first is to illustrate the importance of privacy by default and informed consent working together to protect information and communication technology (ICT) users’ privacy. The second goal is to develop a suitable way to administrate the mentioned “informed consent” to users.

Originality/value

To fulfil this purpose, the authors present a new concept of informed consent: active “informed consent” or “Opt-in” model by layers. “Opt-in” regimens have already been used with cookies but never with 2.0 applications, as, for instance, social network sites (SNS).
Ethics and ICT: Why all the fuss?
Authors: Warren Matthew , Lucas Richard
Published: June 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to introduce a special section based on papers from Australasian Conference for Information Systems 2014.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper comments on key contextualisation moments in relevant history.

Findings

This paper describes the initiative in Australia to widen Information and Communication Technology ethics awareness.

Originality/value

This is a new attempt to bring Ethics and Information Systems academics closer together.
A study on separability and validity of arbitration agreement in international business contracts-with advices and suggestions for Korean merchants
Authors: Lee Byung-Mun , Park Eunok
Published: June 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to provide Korean merchants and practitioners who are not English native speakers with the practical advices and suggestions in drafting arbitration agreements.

Design/methodology/approach

– The doctrine of separability of arbitration and the competence-competence principle are studied based on the rules of international conventions and internationally recognized arbitral institutes. In addition, the laws of two common law jurisdictions, which are the USA and the UK are discussed with the Korean arbitration law, which follows the civil law system. This study also includes analysis of cases in order to show application of these two principles to practice and to give practical advices and implications to practitioners.

Findings

– Most national legislatures and jurisdictions approve the doctrine of separability of arbitration agreement and the competence-competence principle under international commercial arbitration. When there is a dispute regarding the existence or the validity of arbitration agreement, it is determined based on the prima facie test without being affected by the main contract in which the arbitration agreement is inserted. In practice, however, there are many occasions where the arbitration agreements are void or inoperable because of its contents. Many practical advices and suggestions are provided.

Originality/value

– This paper analyzes arbitration agreements which are used in practice so that it provides many practical advices to practitioners in terms of legal effects of languages and linguistic use.
Is co-creation really a booster for brand equity? The role of co-creation in observer-based brand equity (OBBE)
Authors: Kristal Samuel , Baumgarth Carsten , Behnke Carolin , Henseler Jörg
Published: June 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to analyse the general effect of co-created products on the brand equity of observers (OBBE). The influence of different implementations of the co-creation approach on the OBBE is tested. It is also discussed whether co-creation can be a strategic method for companies to positively affect the OBBE in the mass market.

Design/methodology/approach

A between-subject experiment with a 2 (intensity of integration: democratically voted vs commonly created) × 2 (expert knowledge: no expert knowledge vs expert knowledge) design plus one control group (zero co-creation) is conducted for two brands to test the postulated hypotheses.

Findings

Co-creation can have a weak positive effect on the OBBE. Integration intensity and expertise of integrated consumer also affect the OBBE only marginally.

Research limitations/implications

Further research might investigate whether the initial brand equity has a moderating effect. Also brand image and underlying product category could influence the relation between co-creation and the OBBE and would be valuable for future studies.

Practical implications

Brand managers should aim to convert observers into participants, instead of setting the focus on the presentation of the user-designed product to the mass market.

Originality/value

This study is one of the few analyzing the effects of co-creation on observers in terms of brand equity. In addition to existing research, the concept of expertise in combination with co-creation and its influence on the OBBE is explored.
Impact of symbolic product design on brand evaluations
Authors: Brunner Christian Boris , Ullrich Sebastian , Jungen Patrik , Esch Franz-Rudolf
Published: June 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of symbolic product information (symbolic product design) on consumers’ perceived brand evaluations. In an experimental setting, the authors consider as key factors the congruence between symbolic product design and product category, the level of product involvement as well as brand strength.

Design/methodology/approach

In an experiment of 490 participants, consumers are confronted to different symbolic product designs connotations. Based on the cognitive process model “SARA” (selective activation, reconstruction and anchoring), the authors examined how symbolic product design associations are used as heuristics in the working memory when making brand judgement.

Findings

The results show that product design associations are used in consumers’ information processing as anchor for brand evaluations. This effect is stronger if symbolic design associations are incongruent to the product category because of consumers’ deeper elaboration process. Furthermore, the impact of symbolic product design is higher for weak compared to strong brands.

Research limitations/implications

This research supports the cognitive process model “SARA” being an appropriate foundation explaining the effects of symbolic product design. Further research should extend this experiment, using a field study in a more realistic setting and/or a choice situation between different alternative product designs at the point of sale. Furthermore, the consumers’ elaboration process should be manipulated differently, e.g. in a mental load condition.

Practical implications

Symbolic product design is important to enhance brand association networks in the consumers’ mind, particularly if the brand is weak. Marketers should use incongruent symbolic product information to differentiate from competitors who use “stereotype” product designs.

Originality/value

Research about product design in the marketing discipline is still limited. The authors analyse the impact of symbolic product design on brand evaluations in an experimental setting of 490 respondents in four product categories. The findings support that consumers use product design as heuristics to evaluate brands.
Corporate heritage tourism brand attractiveness and national identity
Authors: Balmer John M.T. , Chen Weifeng
Published: June 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the attractiveness of the Tong Ren Tang (TRT) as a Chinese corporate heritage tourism brand and consider the significance of TRT for Chinese national identity. The study considers the saliency of Balmer’s augmented role identity notion vis-à-vis corporate heritage institutions/corporate brands. Insights are made from and for corporate heritage, heritage tourism and national identity literature.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual model comprising five hypotheses was developed and this informed a survey-based questionnaire administered to domestic tourists/customers visiting Tong Ren Tang’s flagship shop in Beijing.

Findings

The attractiveness to domestic Chinese tourists/customers of the TRT corporate heritage tourism brand was found to be attributable to its multiple role identities: national, corporate, temporal, familial and imperial. As such, this study lends credence to Balmer’s augmented role identity notion. Chinese domestic tourists/customers – as members of an ethnic Chinese community – in visiting TRT not only consume an extant corporate heritage by tangible and intangible means but can also be seen to express, and reaffirm, their sense of Chinese national identity.

Practical implications

For TRT’s managers, there should be an appreciation that the attractiveness of TRT as a corporate heritage tourism brand rests not only on what it sells but also in what it symbolises in national and cultural terms. This finding is applicable to the managers of many other corporate heritage/corporate heritage tourism brands.

Social implications

Adopting a primordial perspective, the TRT pharmacy was found to be of singular significance to China’s national identity. Traditional Chinese Medicine, Confucian and Daoist religious/philosophical and China’s erstwhile Imperial polity are significant and enduring precepts of Chinese national identity. As such the TRT flagship shop/brand is of singular importance, as China has eviscerated much of its cultural heritage – particularly in relation to its corporate heritage brands.

Originality/value

This is the first empirical study to focus on corporate heritage tourism brands and one of the first studies to examine a Chinese corporate heritage/corporate heritage tourism brand. Also significant in focussing on the TRT corporate heritage brand. Established in 1669, TRT’s history spans five centuries: a corporate provenance which is exceptional within the People’s Republic of China. The study links the corporate brand notion with the nascent corporate heritage brand domain and the established area of heritage tourism.
An evaluation of shared reading groups for adults living with dementia: preliminary findings
Authors: Longden Eleanor , Davis Philip , Carroll Janine , Billington Josie , Kinderman Peter
Published: June 2016

Purpose

– Although there is a growing evidence base for the value of psychosocial and arts-based strategies for enhancing well-being amongst adults living with dementia, relatively little attention has been paid to literature-based interventions. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of shared reading (SR) groups, a programme developed and implemented by The Reader Organisation, on quality of life for care home residents with mild/moderate dementia.

Design/methodology/approach

– In total, 31 individuals were recruited from four care homes, which were randomly assigned to either reading-waiting groups (three months reading, followed by three months no reading) or waiting-reading groups (three months no reading, followed by three months reading). Quality of life was assessed by the DEMQOL-Proxy and psychopathological symptoms were assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire.

Findings

– Compared to the waiting condition, the positive effects of SR on quality of life were demonstrated at the commencement of the reading groups and were maintained once the activity ended. Low levels of baseline symptoms prevented analyses on whether the intervention impacted on the clinical signs of dementia.

Research limitations/implications

– Limitations included the small sample and lack of control for confounding variables.

Originality/value

– The therapeutic potential of reading groups is discussed as a positive and practical intervention for older adults living with dementia.
A survey of community pharmacists’ attitudes towards mental illness
Authors: Morral Kim , Morral Jordi
Published: June 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to compare the pharmacy services provided to people taking psychotropic and cardiovascular medications and examine the association between pharmacists’ attitudes towards mental illness and provision of pharmacy services. The paper also considers pharmacists’ opinions of the pharmaceutical care needs of people with mental illness including their physical health.

Design/methodology/approach

– A survey instrument was sent by facsimile to a random sample of community pharmacists in England and Wales.

Findings

– Community pharmacists had generally positive attitudes towards mental illness but provided significantly fewer pharmacy services (and were less comfortable providing them) to patients taking psychotropic medications than to patients taking cardiovascular medications. Awareness of the higher prevalence of physical health conditions among people with severe mental illness was not high. Provision of pharmacy services was associated with pharmacists’ attitudes towards mental illness and comfort providing pharmaceutical care. Other factors that may contribute to these disparities in service provision are discussed.

Practical implications

– The study findings indicate the need for enhanced mental health education for pharmacy students to improve attitudes, knowledge and confidence in mental health and the inclusion of mental health in pharmacy advanced services.

Originality/value

– Few studies have examined the relationship between attitudes towards mental illness and provision of pharmacy services. This was the first study to examine the attitudes of British community pharmacists towards mental illness.
Investigating defiant attitudes in keeping lease agreement obligations in private rental housing market in Nigeria
Authors: Gbadegesin Job Taiwo , van der Heijden Harry , Boelhouwer Peter
Published: June 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nature and dimension of non-compliance (defiance) with lease agreement obligations in private rental housing market between managers (agents/private rental housing providers or landlords) and end-users (tenants – rental housing consumers), with a view to identifying challenges in rental housing lease administration in Nigeria emerging rental market.

Design/methodology/approach

– The quantitative data collected from practicing estate surveyor and valuers (statutorily registered agents), who manage private rental housing in their portfolios on behalf of owners and tenants, who occupy rental housing within Lagos state (the largest property market in Nigeria and West Africa). Using a theoretical model in the context of five lease agreement obligations, data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (one samplet-test, independentt-test and correlation).

Findings

– While economic circumstances (economic factors) are considered the major vulnerable factor that cause acts of non-compliance, defiance against “covenant not- to- sublet (subletting covenant (SC))” and “prompt rental payment covenant” are the two most non-compliance attitudes (precipitation events) observed from both actors. There is correlation among all vulnerability elements and precipitating events. While a significant relationship was only observed between “SC” and all vulnerability elements on the part of agents, there is significant relationship among all the vulnerability elements and precipitating events on the part of tenants. Also, while tenants attached higher significance to all the vulnerability factors than managers, both actors attached different level of priority to precipitating events. Lastly, equitable remedies and peaceful entry are the two most adopted intervention tools.

Research limitations/implications

– This paper is limited to seeking both the professional opinion of licensed/registered agents and the rental housing consumers-tenants.

Practical implications

– The research points to an increasing need for the stakeholders – Estate Surveyors and Valuers Registration Board of Nigeria (a Government parastatal) and the Nigerian Institutions of Estate Surveyors and Valuers (the constituted professional body), to establish and reform the code of practice in this direction with due consideration to the factors identified in this study. Effort also should be upgraded in the intervention techniques adopted in order to improve on emerging rental market.

Originality/value

– The paper explores an important aspect of lease administration in private rental housing market. It also provides platform on which the acts of defiance can be wiped out in the emerging rental market.
A study on location-based mobile map search behavior
Authors: Wu Dan , Qiao Rui , Li Yi
Published: June 2016

Purpose

– Mobile users increasingly employ location-based map searches in their daily lives. However, it is still relatively unknown about mobile users’ map related search behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to discover the interactions between the users and mobile map search systems, to reveal the shortcomings of existing mobile map search functions, and to propose improvement suggestions.

Design/methodology/approach

– Based on a set of controlled user experiments performed on the Baidu mobile phone map, this paper empirically examines users’ location-based mobile search behaviors, such as timing, metering, judging and so on. This paper also conducts statistical correlation tests to generate relation tables and diagrams regarding each variable, for example, the relation between the retrieval time and the retrieval steps.

Findings

– The results indicate that mobile map users have two important characteristics in their search behaviors: first, mobile map users always follow the single search path. Second, the mobile map search efficiency of users is always low.

Research limitations/implications

– The situation simulation testing method is mainly used for the construction of a mobile information search behavior environment, which may make the users be nervous and have some effect on the search efficiency.

Practical implications

– Based on the identification of user behaviors, this paper provides suggestions to optimize and improve mobile map search systems.

Originality/value

– This paper studies users’ mobile map search behavior based on location and explores the features of user behavior from the perspective of human-computer interaction.
Prepare your talent for tomorrow
Authors: Willyerd Karie , Mistick Barbara
Published: June 2016

Purpose

According to the research conducted by the authors, the number one fear of employees around the world is that of becoming obsolete. The purpose of this article is to review five practices that employees can use to stay up to date and what organizations can do to support those practices.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors’ research mission was to discover how changes in the global economy and shifting demographics will impact the employment and talent marketplace. They collaborated with SAP SuccessFactors. Oxford Economics to conduct twin studies of 5,500 executives and employees across 27 countries to find out what the future workforce is thinking, wanting and worrying over. In addition to the global surveys, they interviewed and spoke to over 300 people, and consulted with dozens of academic or corporate learning experts to refine and validate their five practices that employees and organizations can use to prepare for tomorrow. They also reviewed over 1,000 academic papers or texts to support their conclusions.

Findings

The five practices to stay prepared for tomorrow are: Learn on the fly: maximize the opportunities you already have to learn while working: be open: do not let opportunities pass you by: build a diverse network: understand what kind of a network is best for advancing a career. Be greedy about experiences: learn how to be strategic in choosing assignments and projects. Bounce forward: recover from setbacks and failures to stay motivated about your career.

Originality/value

Career advice for the modern age is sorely lacking. The authors are both graduates of the scholar/practitioner doctoral program at Case Western Reserve University. As a result, a great value of this article is the bridge between solid research and practical advice. Additionally, the example strategies are included at two levels – for the employee and the organization.
Impact of chemical alteration on the poromechanical properties of carbonate rocks
Authors: Bemer E. , Nguyen M.T. , Dautriat J. , Adelinet M. , Fleury M. , Youssef S.
Published: June 2016

The technical and economic success of a CO2 geological storage project requires the preservation of the site injectivity and integrity properties over its lifetime. Unlike conventional hydrocarbon gas injection, CO2 injection may imply geochemical reactions between acidified pore fluids and target reservoir formations, leading to modifications of their poromechanical properties. To date, the chemical effects on the host rock mechanical behaviour are not satisfactorily taken into account in site‐scale numerical models of CO2 injection, mainly due to a lack of quantitative data. The present experimental work aims at characterizing the evolution of carbonate poromechanical properties induced by acid alteration. Unlike standard experimental approaches, the implemented alteration method induces a homogeneous dissolution pattern, which ensures reliable poromechanical measurements on altered samples. These well‐controlled alteration conditions allow a proper interpretation of the test results through the macroscopic continuous approach of poromechanics. Petrophysical, geomechanical, and petroacoustic properties of outcrop carbonate samples have been measured for different levels of alteration to mimic long‐term exposure to reactive brine. The obtained experimental data show clear trends of chemically induced mechanical weakening. Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and microscanner imaging performed before and after alteration have provided complementary insights into the alteration effects at the microscopic scale.
Management of Australian Water Utilities: The Significance of Transactional and Transformational Leadership
Authors: Taylor Jeannette
Published: June 2016

What organisational factor has the most significant impact on the management of water utilities? This article seeks the views of middle managers in several water utilities across four Australian states to address this question. It also examines their views of leadership in their organisation. It draws upon Bass's full‐range leadership theory to examine their views on three models of leadership: transactional leadership, transformational leadership, and a combination of both transactional and transformational leadership. The respondents identify leadership as the most critical enabling factor for the effective management of water utilities. They believe that effective leadership requires a mix of transactional and transformational leadership skills. They state that their supervisor's leadership skills are below their expectation of an effective leader. These leadership issues are discussed in the article.
Sequencing and comparison of the Rickettsia genomes from the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Middle East Asia Minor I
Authors: Zhu Dan‐Tong , Xia Wen‐Qiang , Rao Qiong , Liu Shu‐Sheng , Ghanim Murad , Wang Xiao‐Wei
Published: June 2016

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, harbors the primary symbiont ‘Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum’ and a variety of secondary symbionts. Among these secondary symbionts, Rickettsia is the only one that can be detected both inside and outside the bacteriomes. Infection with Rickettsia has been reported to influence several aspects of the whitefly biology, such as fitness, sex ratio, virus transmission and resistance to pesticides. However, mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear, largely due to the lack of genomic information of Rickettsia. In this study, we sequenced the genome of two Rickettsia strains isolated from the Middle East Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) species of the B. tabaci complex in China and Israel. Both Rickettsia genomes were of high coding density and AT‐rich, containing more than 1000 coding sequences, much larger than that of the coexisted primary symbiont, Portiera. Moreover, the two Rickettsia strains isolated from China and Israel shared most of the genes with 100% identity and only nine genes showed sequence differences. The phylogenetic analysis using orthologs shared in the genus, inferred the proximity of Rickettsia in MEAM1 and Rickettsia bellii. Functional analysis revealed that Rickettsia was unable to synthesize amino acids required for complementing the whitefly nutrition. Besides, a type IV secretion system and a number of virulence‐related genes were detected in the Rickettsia genome. The presence of virulence‐related genes might benefit the symbiotic life of the bacteria, and hint on potential effects of Rickettsia on whiteflies. The genome sequences of Rickettsia provided a basis for further understanding the function of Rickettsia in whiteflies.
A tale of two SICs: Japanese and American industrialisation in historical perspective
Authors: Tang John P.
Published: June 2016

Late‐developing countries often adopt best practice technologies pioneered abroad, facilitating convergence toward leading economies. Meiji Japan (1868–1912) is one successful example of industrial convergence, but much of the evidence relies on national aggregates or selected industries. Using historical industry data, this paper examines whether Japan adopted new technologies faster compared to the United States. Contrary to conventional wisdom, new sectors did not appear relatively sooner in Japan, however, they did grow to economic significance faster.
Shape of magnifiers affects controllability in children with visual impairment
Authors: Liebrand‐Schurink Joyce , Boonstra F. Nienke , van Rens Ger H. M. B. , Cillessen Antonius H. N. , Meulenbroek Ruud G. J. , Cox Ralf F. A.
Published: June 2016

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the controllability of cylinder‐shaped and dome‐shaped magnifiers in young children with visual impairment.

Methods

This study investigates goal‐directed arm movements in low‐vision aid use (stand and dome magnifier‐like object) in a group of young children with visual impairment (n = 56) compared to a group of children with normal sight (n = 66). Children with visual impairment and children with normal sight aged 4–8 years executed two types of movements (cyclic and discrete) in two orientations (vertical or horizontal) over two distances (10 cm and 20 cm) with two objects resembling the size and shape of regularly prescribed stand and dome magnifiers.

Results

The visually impaired children performed slower movements than the normally sighted children. In both groups, the accuracy and speed of the reciprocal aiming movements improved significantly with age. Surprisingly, in both groups, the performance with the dome‐shaped object was significantly faster (in the 10 cm condition and 20 cm condition with discrete movements) and more accurate (in the 20 cm condition) than with the stand‐shaped object.

Conclusion

From a controllability perspective, this study suggests that it is better to prescribe dome‐shaped than cylinder‐shaped magnifiers to young children with visual impairment.
Syncope is a frequently under‐diagnosed condition in infants and toddlers and has similar features to those seen in adolescents and adults
Authors: Moore Shiran Sara , Watemberg Nathan
Published: June 2016

Aim

Vagal syncope may not be readily recognised by the caregivers of younger children, often leading to extensive diagnostic evaluation. Our aim was to determine the characteristics of syncope in younger children and to assess whether this age group was more prone to undergoing extensive diagnostic work‐ups and receiving wrong aetiological diagnoses.

Methods

We collected clinical data on children up to six years of age, referred to our paediatric neurology clinic between 2007 and 2014 following one or more episodes of sudden loss of consciousness.

Results

A family history of syncope was present in 59.5% of the 37 children, and a trigger for syncope was identified in 30 children. Most of the episodes were short, with witnesses reporting an immediate or quick recovery. Most of the children underwent diagnostic procedures, particularly an electroencephalogram, and all the results were normal. Epilepsy did not develop in any of these cases. Syncope recurred in 22 patients during a two‐year follow‐up.

Conclusion

Vagal syncope had similar features in toddlers and young children to those seen in adolescents and adults. Its diagnosis should be considered following loss of consciousness due to an identifiable trigger and rapidly regaining consciousness to avoid unnecessary diagnostic procedures and hospitalisation.
Reliability of the German version of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) and Preferences for Activities of Children (PAC)
Authors: Fink A. , Gebhard B. , Erdwiens S. , Haddenhorst L. , Nowak S.
Published: June 2016

Background

The introduction of the International Classification of Functioning, Disabilities and Health of the World Health Organization in 2001 made social participation a major rehabilitation outcome and the ultimate goal of rehabilitation services. There is no available instrument to measure the youth participation in leisure activities apart from asking the youth themselves. The goal of this study was to present a German version of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and Preferences for Activities of Children (CAPE/PAC).

Methods

The CAPE/PAC questionnaire was translated into German, a cultural adaptation process was designed and a reliability study was conducted. One hundred and fifty‐two youths with and without disabilities, with a mean age of 15.2 years (standard deviation 1.7), participated in the study. The participants completed CAPE and PAC twice within 4 weeks. Reliability was examined by intraclass correlation coefficients, standard error of measurement, smallest detectable change and Cronbach's alpha.

Results

The absolute values of participation differ between the typically developed youth group and those with impairments; the reliability of the CAPE/PAC is comparable in both groups. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.43 to 0.74 for the CAPE and from 0.71 to 0.83 for the PAC in all participants. The alpha values for internal consistency ranged from 0.42 to 0.82 for the CAPE and from 0.65 to 0.92 for the PAC.

Conclusions

The German version of the PAC showed satisfactory reliability; however, reliability was not satisfactory for all scores of the CAPE, but comparable with versions in other languages. The need for newly developed participation measurements requires further discussion.
The effect of placing a bone replacement graft in the gap at immediately placed implants: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sanz Mariano , Lindhe Jan , Alcaraz Jaime , Sanz‐Sanchez Ignacio , Cecchinato Denis
Published: June 2016

Objective

To assess the added value of using a bone replacement graft in combination with immediate implants in reducing the bone dimensional changes occurring in the residual ridge.

Material and methods

Randomized parallel controlled clinical trial to study the efficacy of grafting with demineralized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DBBM‐C) in the gap between the implant surface and the inner bone walls when the implants were immediately placed in the anterior maxilla. The changes between implant placement and 16 weeks later in the horizontal and vertical crestal bone changes in relation to the implant were evaluated through direct bone measurements using a periodontal probe. Mean changes were compared between the experimental and control sites using parametric statistics.

Results

A total of 86 implant sites in 86 subjects were included in the analysis (43 in the test group and 43 in the control group). The horizontal crest dimension underwent marked changes during healing mainly at the buccal aspect of the alveolar crest where this reduction amounted to 1.1 (29%) in the test group and 1.6 mm (38%) in the control group, being these statistically significant (P = 0.02). This outcome was even more pronounced at sites in the anterior maxilla and with thinner buccal bone plates.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the results from this clinical trial demonstrated that placing a DBBM‐C bone replacement graft significantly reduced the horizontal bone resorptive changes occurring in the buccal bone after the immediate implantation in fresh extraction sockets.
God's Work, Our Hands
Authors: Deifelt Wanda
Published: June 2016

This essay offers a systematization of the various contributions to this issue, highlighting commonalities and creative tensions. Using Martin Luther's two‐kingdom theory as a framework, the leading question is the role of humanity in restoring creation and the deliberation that this ethical imperative—to carry out works of love on behalf of the neighbor (which includes creation itself)—might entail.
A Postcolonial Framework for Justification and Eco‐Justice
Authors: Nunes John
Published: June 2016

This work proposes a relationship between eco‐justice and justification by grace rooted in a phenomenological approach. The reality of structural sin experienced by persons living in economic poverty on the African continent is interpreted through the lens of Lutheran catechetical ethics. Lives of repentance will lead to incarnational interventions striving for concrete social transformation.
Reformation Resources for Contemporary Eco‐Justice Theology
Authors: Saler Robert C. , Nelson Derek R.
Published: June 2016

Reformation theology has two significant contributions to make to a renewal of environmental theology. Its heritage of sin exposes the fact that human efforts at intervention in the environment are only ambiguously good and in need of redemption themselves. Its heritage of freedom exposes some efforts toward environmental healing as works‐righteousness, available to be transformed by God in hope for a heavenly and earthly future.
Prayer, Self‐Examination, and Christian Catechesis in Augustine and Luther
Authors: Drever Matthew
Published: June 2016

Augustine and Luther are well known for their self‐examinations of religious experience, especially its trials and temptations. Their theologies of prayer offer a distinctive window into this self‐examination because they traverse the juncture between doctrine and practice, thereby addressing both the theological and pastoral concerns on sin and grace at the heart of their discussions of religious experience. While emanating from their personal spiritual lives, their theologies of prayer also are firmly rooted within the corporate context of the church and Christian catechesis.
Recognition and Reform in Nordic Fiction: Jonas Gardell and Jussi Valtonen
Authors: Saarinen Risto
Published: June 2016

While contemporary Scandinavian literature continues to discuss the problems of welfare state and social justice, it increasingly turns its attention to minority issues, multiculturalism, and the impact of digitalization. Jonas Gardell's HIV/AIDS trilogy Torka aldrig tårar utan handskar (Never wipe tears without gloves) highlights the family relations in the Swedish gay community. Jussi Valtonen's He eivät tiedä mitä tekevät (They do not know what they do) deals with the dystopias of social media and the power of global software companies. Religion and theology play a significant role in the works of both Gardell and Valtonen.
The development of a synthetic diet for investigating the effects of macronutrients on the development of Plodia interpunctella
Authors: Littlefair Joanne E. , Nunn Katherine A. , Knell Robert J.
Published: June 2016

The use of chemically defined artificial diets has allowed researchers to examine questions within nutritional ecology about how macronutrients affect life‐history traits and resource‐based trade‐offs. Using a chemically defined diet, it is possible to manipulate both the total nutritional content and the ratio of macronutrients (i.e., proteins, carbohydrates, or lipids) within the diet. Studies using the geometric framework have made use of these diets to examine lifespan, fecundity, and immune responses. Here, we develop an artificial diet suitable for rearing lepidopteran larvae. We created diets with three proportions of non‐nutritive material (30, 50, and 70% indigestible cellulose) relative to protein and carbohydrate macronutrients, and compared these to standard wheat bran laboratory diet. We then examined the effects of variable nutrient content on lifespan and development time in Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The artificial diets supported development (almost) as well as bran‐based laboratory diets. Total nutrient content affected development time: females that fed on the diet with the highest nutrient content took the longest time to reach eclosion. We also found evidence to support dietary restriction, with larvae receiving the fewest nutrients having the longest lifespan as adults. These findings are indicative of the usefulness of this diet as a tool to further investigate the effects of nutrient content and macronutrient imbalance on resource‐based trade‐offs and life‐history traits.
Prolonged diapause and seed predation by the acorn weevil, Curculio robustus, in relation to masting of the deciduous oak Quercus acutissima
Authors: Higaki Morio
Published: June 2016

Many researchers have studied the relationship between masting by trees and seed predation by insects. Most of these studies have been plant centered, with little focus on the insect perspective. To estimate the effect of mast seeding on insect seed predators, the life‐history traits of these insects must also be considered because some seed insects can survive lean years by prolonged diapause. In this study, I examined larval infestation of acorns and life‐history traits of the acorn weevil, Curculio robustus (Roelofs) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in relation to acorn production of the deciduous oak Quercus acutissima Carruthers (Fagaceae) in a coppice stand in central Japan in 2004–2009. Curculio robustus females oviposit into Q. acutissima acorns, inside which the larvae develop. Mature larvae leave acorns and burrow into the soil, where they overwinter. Although germination did occur in acorns infested by weevil larvae, the percentage of germination was lower in acorns damaged by many larvae. Acorn production in Q. acutissima varied considerably among years. Both the number of C. robustus larvae infesting acorns and the percentage of acorns infested were affected by the amount of acorns produced by Q. acutissima, and two successive lean years appeared to have a considerable impact on C. robustus population size. Consequently, only a small fraction of the acorns produced were lost to predation in a mast year after two successive lean years. However, C. robustus could survive the two successive lean years because of prolonged larval diapause, probably leading to a marked decrease in population size. These findings suggest that masting in Q. acutissima succeeds as a predator satiation strategy in response to acorn damage by C. robustus, and that C. robustus has developed prolonged diapause as a counter‐adaptation.
Horn length is not correlated with calling efforts in the horn‐headed cricket Loxoblemmus doenitzi (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Kuriwada Takashi
Published: June 2016

Field cricket species are ideal model organisms for the study of sexual selection because cricket calling songs, used to attract mating partners, are pronouncedly sexually dimorphic. However, few studies have focused on other sexually dimorphic traits of field crickets. The horn‐headed cricket, Loxoblemmus doenitzi, exhibits exaggerated sexual dimorphism in head shape: males have flat heads with triangular horns, while females lack horns. This study examines the relationship between horn length, male calling efforts and diet quality. Horn length was not found to be significantly correlated with calling efforts. When diet was manipulated for late‐stage nymphs, calling efforts in the group with poor‐quality diet treatment was significantly lower than that of crickets in the group with high‐quality diet treatment. However, horn length was not affected by diet quality. The implication of these results in the context of the evolution of multiple signals and sexual dimorphism is discussed.
Discovery of independent‐founding solitary queens in the yellow crazy ant Anoplolepis gracilipes in East Java, Indonesia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Ito Fuminori , Asfiya Wara , Kojima Jun‐ichi
Published: June 2016

We collected four solitary queens of the invasive ant Anoplolepis gracilipes under stones in East Java, Indonesia. They produced nanitic workers by claustral colony foundation. This is the first report of independent colony foundation by queens in this species. The discovery may give an important insight into discussion on the origin of this invasive ant.
Fatigue crack growth resistance of 7075 Al alloy after equal channel angular pressing
Authors: Ghalehbandi S M , Fallahi‐Arezodar A , Hosseini‐Toudeshky H
Published: June 2016

This work presents experimental results on effects of severe plastic deformation (SPD) and subsequent natural ageing on tensile mechanical properties and fatigue crack growth resistance of fine‐grained 7075 Al alloy. The alloy was subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) after solution treatment. Fatigue crack propagation tests were conducted in room condition, at load ratio R = 0.1 and different load ranges on small disk shaped compact tension specimens. Fatigue fracture surface is also investigated using scanning electron microscopy observations and showed more ductile fatigue crack growth in the unECAPed specimen. Despite the increased tensile strength after ECAP, the ductility that controls low‐cycle fatigue behaviour has decreased. It is found that ECAP has resulted in a remarkable change in Paris regime parameters and a significant increase in fatigue crack growth rate. The decrease in fatigue crack growth resistance and ΔKc after ECAP can be attributed to the decrease in alloy's ductility.
Pattern of invasion and lymphovascular invasion in squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth: an interobserver variability study
Authors: Beggan Caitlin , Fives Cassie , O'Leary Gerard , Sheahan Patrick , Heffron Cynthia C , Feeley Linda
Published: June 2016

Aims

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and the histological pattern of invasion (POI) at the invasive tumour front have been reported as adverse prognosticators in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, assessment of these parameters is hampered by variation in the criteria used for their evaluation. Our objective was to evaluate interobserver variability in the assessment of the POI and LVI in SCC of the floor of the mouth (FOM), and to study the impact of the POI on clinical outcomes by using varying quantitative cut‐offs.

Methods and results

Fifty‐eight cases of FOM SCC were independently evaluated for the POI and LVI by three pathologists. Interobserver variability was analysed by the use of Fleiss kappa statistics. Interobserver agreement was substantial for the assessment of LVI [κ = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–0.68]. Interobserver agreement was moderate for evaluation of the POI with a 50% cut‐off (κ = 0.58, 95% CI 0.54–0.62), a 20% cut‐off (κ = 0.58, 95% CI 0.54–0.62) cut‐off, and worst POI (κ =0 .43, 95% CI 0.39–0.46). A consensus diagnosis of the POI was a significant predictor of locoregional recurrence (LRR), disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) on univariate analysis when a 50% cut‐off was used (LRR, P = 0.01; DSS, P = 0.01; OS, P = 0.01) and when a 20% cut‐off was used (LRR, P = 0.02; DSS, P = 0.02; OS, P = 0.03), but was not significant when worst POI was used (LRR, P = 0.18; DSS, P = 0.16; OS, P = 0.17).

Conclusions

Interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of LVI was substantial. The POI at the 50% and 20% cut‐offs is moderately reproducible, and has prognostic value in FOM SCC. Further studies are necessary to establish the optimum quantitative cut‐off for the POI.
A high‐throughput assay for the measurement of uropathogenic Escherichia coli attachment to urinary bladder cells
Authors: García Méndez Karellen Beren , Bragagnolo Gabriel , O'Callaghan David , Lavigne Jean‐Philippe , Keriel Anne
Published: June 2016

Strains of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the major causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTI), the most common infectious diseases in the world. Their ability to attach and enter into cells in the urinary tract is a limiting step for their pathogenicity. Many studies are thus focussing on these key mechanisms to propose new therapeutic strategies. To facilitate such studies, we developed a fast and high‐throughput assay which makes it possible to monitor the interaction of UPEC with cultured human uroepithelial cells. This assay allows measurement of the in vitro association of fluorescently labelled clinical isolates with bladder epithelial cells using flow cytometry in a microplate format. The assay was sensitive enough to detect variations between isolates expressing different adhesins and virulence factors and the inhibitory effect of proanthocyanidins. Thus we have developed a fast and robust assay which allows us to measure variations in the adhesion properties of UPEC to human bladder cells. This novel assay will be valuable for the study of initial steps of pathogenesis in UTI and for the screening or validation of inhibitory molecules.