bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urinary extracellular vesicles as a monitoring tool for renal damage in patients not meeting criteria for chronic kidney disease
Authors: Anfaiha‐Sanchez Miriam , Santiago‐Hernandez Aranzazu , Lopez Juan Antonio , Lago‐Baameiro Nerea , Pardo Maria , Martin‐Blazquez Ariadna , Vazquez Jesus , Ruiz‐Hurtado Gema , Barderas Maria G. , Segura Julian , Ruilope Luis M. , Martin‐Lorenzo Marta , Alvarez‐Llamas Gloria
Published: September 2024

Background

Current definition of chronic kidney disease (CKD) identifies only advanced stages, but effective management demands early detection. Urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (ACR) 30 mg/g is a cut‐off point for CKD clinical diagnosis. Patients with lower values (normoalbuminuria) and eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 are considered at no increased cardiorenal risk. However, higher incidence of renal function decline and cardiovascular events have been shown within the normoalbuminuria range. Novel subclinical indicators may help to identify higher‐risk patients. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are sentinels of renal function non‐invasively. Here we aimed to approach the early assessment of cardiorenal risk by investigating the protein cargo of uEVs.

Methods

Hypertensive patients were classified in control group (C) with ACR < 10 mg/g, and high‐normal group (HN) with ACR 10–30 mg/g. Isolated uEVs were characterized by western blotting and electron microscopy and the protein cargo was analyzed by untargeted proteomics (LC‐MS/MS) in a first discovery cohort. Protein confirmation was performed in a different cohort by ExoView. Immunohistochemistry of human kidney biopsies was also performed to evaluate the potential of uEVs to reflect renal damage.

Results

HN albuminuria does not affect the uEVs concentration, size, or tetraspanin profile. Among >6200 uEVs proteins identified, 43 define a panel significantly altered in HN patients without variation in urine, mostly annotated in the tubule (39 out of 43). The tubular transporter long‐chain fatty acid transport protein 2 (SLC27A2) and the apical membrane protein amnionless (AMN) confirmed their alteration in HN patients evidencing impaired tubular reabsorption. SLC27A2 showed tubular expression and significantly reduced levels in patients with diagnostic criteria for CKD.

Conclusions

Alterations in the EV‐mediated molecular profile are evident before pathological ACR levels are reached. Direct quantitation of SLC27A2 and AMN in uEVs helps identifying normoalbuminuric subjects with higher cardiorenal risk in early monitoring of CKD.
Clinical experience on switching trientine tetrahydrochloride to trientine dihydrochloride in Wilson disease patients
Authors: Mohr Isabelle , Schmitt Timo , Weber Christophe , Schall Nicolas , Leidner Viola Yuriko , Langel Andrea , Langel Jessica , Poujois Aurélia , Weiss Karl Heinz , Merle Uta
Published: September 2024

This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of trientine dihydrochloride (TETA 2‐HCl) in patients with Wilson disease (WD) following a switch from trientine tetrahydrochloride (TETA 4‐HCl). A total of 30 WD patients with stable copper metabolism were identified for treatment with TETA 2‐HCl (Cufence™) after prior use of TETA 4‐HCl (Cuprior™). Biochemical markers including urinary copper, non‐ceruloplasmin bound copper (NCC) and liver function were analyzed at baseline and followed up over 12 months. Safety was assessed based on reported adverse events (AEs). Urinary copper levels and NCC remained stable across all follow‐ups, indicating adequate copper metabolism control. Reported AEs during TETA 2‐HCl treatment were mostly gastrointestinal discomfort (n = 6). In two patients, progressive elevation of transaminases occurred (despite stable copper metabolism). AEs led to discontinuation of treatment in five cases. Median baseline dose per day was 10.2 mg TETA 4‐HCl/kg bodyweight, whereas median baseline dose after therapeutic switch to TETA 2‐HCl was 12.8 mg/kg bodyweight. Median daily dose at 12 months did not differ significantly from TETA 2‐HCl dose at switching timepoint, with stable biochemical markers and markers of copper metabolism in most (25/30) of the patients. Transitioning from TETA 4‐HCl to TETA 2‐HCl maintained stable copper parameters and liver function in most of analyzed patients. TETA 2‐HCl treatment was generally well tolerated, suggesting that switching medications is safe and effective. In our real‐life cohort, adjustment factor of ~1.25× for the switch of TETA 4‐HCl to TETA 2‐HCl resulted in adequate copper metabolism control.
Individual participant data meta‐analysis to examine linear or non‐linear treatment‐covariate interactions at multiple time‐points for a continuous outcome
Authors: Hattle Miriam , Ensor Joie , Scandrett Katie , van Middelkoop Marienke , van der Windt Danielle A. , Holden Melanie A. , Riley Richard D.
Published: September 2024

Individual participant data (IPD) meta‐analysis projects obtain, harmonise, and synthesise original data from multiple studies. Many IPD meta‐analyses of randomised trials are initiated to identify treatment effect modifiers at the individual level, thus requiring statistical modelling of interactions between treatment effect and participant‐level covariates. Using a two‐stage approach, the interaction is estimated in each trial separately and combined in a meta‐analysis. In practice, two complications often arise with continuous outcomes: examining non‐linear relationships for continuous covariates and dealing with multiple time‐points. We propose a two‐stage multivariate IPD meta‐analysis approach that summarises non‐linear treatment‐covariate interaction functions at multiple time‐points for continuous outcomes. A set‐up phase is required to identify a small set of time‐points; relevant knot positions for a spline function, at identical locations in each trial; and a common reference group for each covariate. Crucially, the multivariate approach can include participants or trials with missing outcomes at some time‐points. In the first stage, restricted cubic spline functions are fitted and their interaction with each discrete time‐point is estimated in each trial separately. In the second stage, the parameter estimates defining these multiple interaction functions are jointly synthesised in a multivariate random‐effects meta‐analysis model accounting for within‐trial and across‐trial correlation. These meta‐analysis estimates define the summary non‐linear interactions at each time‐point, which can be displayed graphically alongside confidence intervals. The approach is illustrated using an IPD meta‐analysis examining effect modifiers for exercise interventions in osteoarthritis, which shows evidence of non‐linear relationships and small gains in precision by analysing all time‐points jointly.
Impact of hydrophobically modified cellulose nanofiber on the stability of Pickering emulsion containing insect protein
Authors: Fan Rong , Wang Wenxue , Zhang Rui , Zhu Ming , Liu Wanyi , Liu Pengtao
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is an ideal Pickering emulsion stabilizer because of its high aspect ratio and flexibility. CNF was hydrophobically modified by dodecenyl succinic anhydride and used to stabilize the simulated food emulsion system containing insect protein. The prepared dodecenyl succinate nanofiber (D‐CNFs) was characterized by contact angle and laser particle size analyzer. The stability of the emulsion system under different conditions was characterized by zeta potential and appearance observation. Lastly, in vitro digestion simulation experiments were carried out to investigate whether the addition of D‐CNFs had an effect on the digestion and absorption of oil.

RESULTS

The modification process for dodecenyl succinic anhydride to CNFs was that the system temperature was 40 °C, the system pH value was 8.5 and the reaction time was 6 h. The water contact angle of the modified CNFs increased to 83.2 ± 0.9°. D‐CNFs were introduced into the simulated food emulsion system containing insect protein. The increase in the concentration of D‐CNFs in the aqueous phase promoted the stability of the simulated emulsion system. Increasing the ratio of insect protein was not conducive to the stability of the emulsion. The final fat digestibility of the emulsion with D‐CNFs was lower than that of the emulsion without D‐CNFs.

CONCLUSION

Overall, the analysis and characterization results show the potential of the modified CNF as a food simulant emulsion stabilizer containing insect protein, which can be used for the development of specific functional foods. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) extract rich in betanin encapsulated in electrospun sweet potato starch nanofibers
Authors: de Lima Costa Igor Henrique , dos Santos Hackbart Helen Cristina , de Oliveira Gabriela , Pires Juliani Buchveitz , Filho Pedro José Sanches , Weber Fernanda Hart , da Silva Campelo Borges Graciele , da Rosa Zavareze Elessandra , Dias Alvaro Renato Guerra
Published: September 2024

Background

Pitaya fruit (Hylocereus spp.) is rich in bioactive compounds such as betanin. This study aimed to extract betanin‐rich pitaya fruit and encapsulate it in electrospun nanofibers produced with sweet potato starch. The influence of different concentrations of this bioactive compound on the morphology, functional groups, hydrophilicity, load capacity, color, thermal properties, and contact angle of the electrospun nanofibers with water and milk was assessed. The potential antioxidant and stability of nanofibers during gastrointestinal digestion in vitro were demonstrated.

Results

The nanofibers presented average diameters ranging from 134 to 204 nm and displayed homogeneous morphology. The load capacity of the extract in the nanofibers was 43% to 83%. The encapsulation increased the thermal resistance of betanins (197–297 °C). The static contact angle with water and milk showed that these materials presented greater affinity with milk. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that the nanofibers with 5%, 25%, and 45% pitaya extract presented unique characteristics. They showed resistance in delivering betanins to the stomach, with 12% inhibition of the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH˙) radical. However, only the 45% concentration reached the intestine with 9.83% inhibition of the DPPH˙ radical.

Conclusions

Pattern recognition from multivariate analyses indicated that nanofibers containing 5%, 25%, and 45% of the extract presented distinct characteristics, with the ability to preserve betanins against thermal degradation and perform the controlled delivery of these bioactives in the stomach and intestine to produce antioxidant activity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quercetin and kaempferol from saffron petals alleviated hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative damage in B16 cells
Authors: Zhang Yao , Gong Yucui , Hu Jiayun , Zhang Le , Benito María José , Usmanov Durbek , Nishanbaev Sabir Z , Song Xinjie , Zou Ligen , Wu Yuanfeng
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Saffron petals are usually considered as waste after saffron harvest. However, saffron petals contain many important phytochemical components (e.g. quercetin and kaempferol), which may alleviate oxidative damage in human cells.

RESULTS

The contents of flavonoids and crocin in different parts of saffron were analyzed. The protective effects of flavonoids from saffron on oxidative damage of B16 cells were investigated. Saffron stigma contained high contents of crocin and picrocrocin, whereas flavonoid content (quercetin, 4.03 ± 0.33 mg g−1 DW; kaempferol, 47.80 ± 0.60 mg g−1 DW) was higher in saffron petals than in other parts. Incubation of B16 cells with quercetin (10–30 μmol L−1) and kaempferol (20–30 μmol L−1) obtained from saffron extracts could significantly increase the total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) and the activity of NADPH:dehydrogenase quinone‐1 (NQO1) to alleviate H2O2‐induced oxidative damage. Quercetin was better than kaempferol in increasing NQO1 activity and T‐AOC. Quercetin extracted from saffron petals could induce NQO1 expression through regulating kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein‐1/nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor‐2 signaling pathway to protect B16 cells from oxidative damage.

CONCLUSION

The content of kaempferol‐3‐O‐sophoroside and quercetin‐3‐O‐sophoroside was higher in saffron petals than in other parts of saffron. The kaempferol and quercetin obtained from saffron petals could enhance the activity of antioxidant enzyme NQO1 and T‐AOC in B16 cells. This indicated that saffron petals, as a potential functional food, may prevent diseases caused by oxidative stress. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Therapeutic potential of Rosa roxburghii folium extract in insomnia treatment: a comprehensive evaluation of behavioral and neurochemical effects in a PCPA‐induced mouse model
Authors: He Fengjin , Yan Yanfang , Peng Mei , Gao Ming , Zhou Lang , Chen Faju , Yang Lishou , Li Liangqun , Yang Xiaosheng
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, detrimentally affects quality of life and is often challenging to manage with conventional treatments. This study delved into identifying and quantifying the main compounds by employing ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–Q‐Exactive‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry, and further to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Rosa roxburghii folium (RRF) extract, with multiple pharmacological activities. Previous research had hinted at the efficacy of glycosides in influencing the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) system, which plays a pivotal role in sleep regulation. Utilizing a p‐chlorophenylalanine‐induced insomnia model in BALB/C mice, this investigation aimed to unravel the effects of various dosages of RRF extract on sleep quality and elucidated its mechanism of action.

RESULTS

A total of 66 compounds in the RRF extract were analyzed. Behavioral assessments demonstrated notable enhancements in sleep duration and latency. Biochemical analyses further corroborated these findings, revealing modulation in neurotransmitter levels indicative of a potential mechanism through the GABAergic and serotoninergic pathways. Additionally, histological evaluations suggested anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the RRF extract.

CONCLUSION

The findings from this study underscored the therapeutic efficacy of RRF extract in combating insomnia, particularly highlighting its glycoside components’ role. The extract's significant improvement in sleep duration and latency, alongside its modulation of neurotransmitter levels, showcases its potential as a natural remedy for insomnia. Through its action on the GABAergic and serotoninergic pathways, as well as its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects, RRF extract emerges as a promising candidate for insomnia treatment, offering a holistic approach to sleep disorder management. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Is Oncoplastic Surgery Safe in High‐Risk Breast Cancer Phenotypes?
Authors: Ku Gabriel De La Cruz , Wareham Carly , King Caroline , Koul Akash , Desai Anshumi , Persing Sarah M. , Nardello Salvatore , Chatterjee Abhishek
Published: September 2024

Background

Oncoplastic surgery (OPS) has increased in popularity over the recent years. It is a form of breast conservation surgery allowing for larger partial mastectomy (PM) resections followed by either volume displacement or volume replacement reconstruction techniques. However, there is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness and safety of OPS with radiotherapy (OPS + RT) in high‐risk breast cancer phenotypes, such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and HER2 positive (HER2+) patients. Our aim was to compare the breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS) and postoperative surgical complications in OPS + RT compared to PM alone with radiation (PM + RT) and total mastectomy (MTX) without radiotherapy (MTX‐RT).

Methods

Patient data were analyzed from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registries from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2020. Patients were stratified according to the type of surgery. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess prognostic factors of BCSS.

Results

A total of 24 621 patients with high‐risk breast cancer phenotypes were identified, 180 underwent OPS + RT; 13 402, PM + RT; and 11 039 MTX‐RT. OPS + RT was more frequently performed in younger (mean age of 65.53 years, SD: 9.29, p < 0.001), non‐Hispanic White (90.5% vs. 77.7% vs. 76.3%) and single women (17.9% vs. 12.1% vs. 13.3%). MTX‐RT was usually performed in patients with high histological grade, TNBC, and higher stages. Overall complication rates were higher in the MTX‐RT, compared to OPS + RT and PM + RT, 2%, 1.1%, and 0.7%, respectively, p < 0.001. Rates of hematoma and surgical site infections were higher in the MTX‐RT group. With a median follow‐up of 46 months, OPS + RT had better BCSS rates at 5 years compared to PM + RT and MTX‐RT (97.1% vs. 94.7% vs. 89.8%, p < 0.001). MTX‐RT was found to be an independent prognostic factor of worse BCSS compared to OPS + RT (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.584; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.005–7.171), while PM + RT had no difference compared to OPS + RT (HR = 1.670, 95% CI: 0.624–4.469).

Conclusions

OPS is a safe breast surgical option in patients with HER2+ and TNBC. Patients with high‐risk phenotypes who underwent OPS + RT and have similar BCSS and complication rates compared to standard breast surgical options. As such, OPS should be considered as an option whenever breast conservation surgery is being discussed.
Development and validation of deep learning models for identifying the brand of pedicle screws on plain spine radiographs
Authors: Yao Yu‐Cheng , Lin Cheng‐Li , Chen Hung‐Hsun , Lin Hsi‐Hsien , Hsiung Wei , Wang Shih‐Tien , Sun Ying‐Chou , Tang Yu‐Hsuan , Chou Po‐Hsin
Published: September 2024

Background

In spinal revision surgery, previous pedicle screws (PS) may need to be replaced with new implants. Failure to accurately identify the brand of PS‐based instrumentation preoperatively may increase the risk of perioperative complications. This study aimed to develop and validate an optimal deep learning (DL) model to identify the brand of PS‐based instrumentation on plain radiographs of spine (PRS) using anteroposterior (AP) and lateral images.

Methods

A total of 529 patients who received PS‐based instrumentation from seven manufacturers were enrolled in this retrospective study. The postoperative PRS were gathered as ground truths. The training, validation, and testing datasets contained 338, 85, and 106 patients, respectively. YOLOv5 was used to crop out the screws' trajectory, and the EfficientNet‐b0 model was used to develop single models (AP, Lateral, Merge, and Concatenated) based on the different PRS images. The ensemble models were different combinations of the single models. Primary outcomes were the models' performance in accuracy, sensitivity, precision, F1‐score, kappa value, and area under the curve (AUC). Secondary outcomes were the relative performance of models versus human readers and external validation of the DL models.

Results

The Lateral model had the most stable performance among single models. The discriminative performance was improved by the ensemble method. The AP + Lateral ensemble model had the most stable performance, with an accuracy of 0.9434, F1 score of 0.9388, and AUC of 0.9834. The performance of the ensemble models was comparable to that of experienced orthopedic surgeons and superior to that of inexperienced orthopedic surgeons. External validation revealed that the Lat + Concat ensemble model had the best accuracy (0.9412).

Conclusion

The DL models demonstrated stable performance in identifying the brand of PS‐based instrumentation based on AP and/or lateral images of PRS, which may assist orthopedic spine surgeons in preoperative revision planning in clinical practice.
Molecular mechanism of ALKBH5‐mediated m6A demethylation regulating lipopolysaccharide‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition in sepsis‐induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Zhao Hai‐Hong , Chen Chun‐Ling , Chen Fen‐Fang , Zhang Lu‐Lu , Li Mei‐Mei , He Ze‐Bao
Published: September 2024

This study explored the mechanism by which the m6A demethylase ALKBH5 mediates epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury (SA‐AKI) and AKI‐chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition. HK‐2 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish an in vitro model of SA‐AKI. ALKBH5 expression was reduced through the transfection of si‐ALKBH5. Cell viability, apoptosis, and migration were detected by CCK‐8 assay, TUNEL staining, and Transwell. The levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction or Western blotting was performed to determine the expressions of ALKBH5, miR‐205‐5p, DDX5, E‐cadherin, and α‐SMA. The m6A level was quantitatively analyzed. The expression of pri‐miR‐205 bound to DGCR8 and m6A‐modified pri‐miR‐205 after intervention with ALKBH5 expression was detected by RNA immunoprecipitation. A dual‐luciferase assay confirmed the binding between miR‐205‐5p and DDX5. ALKBH5 was highly expressed in LPS‐induced HK‐2 cells. Inhibition of ALKBH5 increased cell viability, repressed apoptosis, and reduced EMT. Inhibition of ALKBH5 increased the m6A modification level, thereby promoting DGCR8 binding to pri‐miR‐205 to increase miR‐205‐5p expression and eventually targeting DDX5 expression. Low expression of miR‐205‐5p or overexpression of DDX5 partially abolished the inhibitory effect of ALKBH5 silencing on EMT. In conclusion, ALKBH5 represses miR‐205‐5p expression by removing m6A modification to upregulate DDX5 expression, thereby promoting EMT and AKI‐CKD transition after SA‐AKI.
High Efficiency Non‐Doped Organic Light Emitting Diodes Based on Pure Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence by High‐Lying Singlet Exciton Fission
Authors: Guo Xiaomin , Yang Jie , Yuan Peisen , Wang Yunsheng , Qiao Xianfeng , Li Zhen , Tang Ben Zhong , Ma Dongge
Published: September 2024

Heavy‐metal‐free pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (ORTP) holds great potential in the field of organic optoelectronic devices owing to low economic cost, simple preparation techniques, and high exciton utilization. However, it is still filled with challenges in realizing high efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and exploring the internal physical mechanism based on these ORTP molecules. Here, a high‐performance OLED induced by an unexpected interfacial spin‐mixing process between the ORTP molecule and interlayers is demonstrated, and the high efficiency electroluminescence (EL) mechanism is studied through magneto–electroluminescence (MEL) and magneto–photoluminescence (MPL) measurements. The steady‐state and transient PL properties imply that the interfacial effect is related to a high‐lying singlet fission (HLSF) process in the ORTP molecule itself. Further, the HLSF process and the corresponding energy level position are confirmed by the incident wavelength‐ and temperature‐dependent PL spectra and the magnetic‐field‐dependent transient PL. Finally, by optimizing the interfacial material adjacent to the emissive layer to utilize this interfacial spin mixing effect, a high‐efficiency non‐doped ORTP‐OLED with external quantum efficiency of 16% and CIE coordinates of (0.27, 0.49) is developed. The proposed mechanism during the EL process will give insight to produce more efficient OLEDs based on ORTP materials in the future.
The evolution of two‐stage production and order equilibrium in a random yield supply chain with demand information updating
Authors: Peng Jiawu
Published: September 2024

The mismatch between production, order, and demand seriously affects supply chain performance. However, most research focus on the mismatch between the retailer's order and customer's demand, which ignores the influence of the supplier's random yield on supply chain members' decision‐making. This paper investigates a two‐stage optimization problem within a two‐echelon supply chain, featuring a supplier with random yield and a retailer updating demand information in real‐time. Faced with a long production lead time, the retailer can either place advance orders at the production season's onset (first‐stage advance order) or opt for instant orders at the beginning of the sales season (second‐stage instant order). To ensure timely order fulfillment, the supplier initially employs a cost‐effective regular production mode with random yield during the production season. If yields are insufficient during sales, a pricier emergency production mode with guaranteed output becomes available. Utilizing a dynamic programming approach, we formulate the two‐stage optimization problem to derive optimal production and order decisions. Our analysis uncovers how realized random yield and stochastic market signals influence emergency production and instant order quantities in the second stage. We compare expected profits in scenarios with perfect and imperfect market signals, probing the members' preferences regarding order strategies. An intriguing finding emerges: as instant wholesale prices rising, the supplier's preferred order strategy diverges from the retailer. By strategic adjustments to the instant wholesale price, we demonstrate the potential for unanimous agreement on preferred order strategies among supply chain members — a quality enhancing the chain's flexibility and performance. Moreover, we extend the model to hybrid order strategies and identify conditions for unanimous preference among the three strategies. To bolster our theoretical findings, we provide numerical examples, lending practical support to our study.
Similarity and consimilarity of hyper‐dual generalized quaternions
Authors: Alagöz Yasemin , Özyurt Gözde
Published: September 2024

The aim of this paper is to investigate similarity and consimilarity of hyper‐dual generalized quaternions and their matrices. For this purpose, we give different conjugates according to the generalized quaternionic units
. We present
‐consimilarity of hyper‐dual generalized quaternions and their matrices except hyper‐dual
‐quaternions. For the generalization consisting of hyper‐dual coefficients quaternion and split quaternion, we search
‐consimilarity and
‐consimilarity with the help of
‐conjugate and
‐conjugate. We also give
‐coneigenvalues and
‐coneigenvectors of the matrices of these generalizations. In addition, we examine right coneigenvalue problem in generalized quaternion matrices for real and split quaternions. The complex matrix representation obtained through the complex adjoint matrix representation of this generalization is introduced, and its properties are presented. Besides, we give algebraic methods for the concept of right coneigenvalues and coneigenvectors for matrices, which are the generalization of real quaternion and split quaternion.
Micro‐Mechanical Analysis for Residual Stresses and Shakedown of Cohesionless‐Frictional Particulate Materials Under Moving Surface Loads
Authors: Cai Wei , Xu Ping , Zhang Runhua
Published: September 2024

Residual stresses and shakedown have been successfully presented by two‐dimensional numerical experiments based on the discrete element method (DEM), wherein a cohesionless‐frictional material under moving surface loads was replicated through irregular‐shaped particles. With surface loads below the shakedown limit, both permanent deformations and residual stresses cease to accumulate and the numerical structure shakes down after a number of load passes. Corresponding micro‐mechanical analyses indicate that strong forces and normal forces make a dominant contribution to residual stresses. Besides, averaged magnitudes of interparticle forces and corresponding total contact numbers initially change with load passes, and their final variation trends will differ as the structure shakes down or not. Furthermore, polar distributions of interparticle forces and contacts have been presented, and variations of their preferential orientations were emphasised. Lastly, the fabric tensor and anisotropy of resultant forces were studied, presenting the anisotropy weakening of macro‐stress fields, induced by developments of residual stresses.
Analytical Solution for Longitudinal Seismic Responses of Circular Tunnel Crossing Fault Zone
Authors: Tang Jie , He Manchao , Bian Hanbing , Qiao Yafei
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a simplified analytical solution for longitudinal seismic responses of a circular tunnel crossing a fault zone under longitudinally propagating shear waves. The transmissions and reflections of shear waves at two geological interfaces between the fault zone and intact rock are considered when calculating the free‐field displacement. An improved elastic foundation beam model considering different tangential contact conditions at the tunnel‒rock interface is also adopted. According to the continuous conditions at the two geological interfaces, explicit expressions for the tunnel displacement, bending moment, and shearing force are given. The effectiveness of the proposed analytical solution is validated via numerical simulations, and the importance of accounting for tangential contact conditions at the tunnel‒rock interface is emphasized. Moreover, parametric studies are performed to investigate the effects of the fault zone width, rock conditions, tunnel lining stiffness, tangential contact conditions, and earthquake frequency on the deformation and internal forces of tunnels subjected to seismic waves. This novel analytical solution can be utilized to quickly estimate the longitudinal seismic responses of circular tunnels crossing fault zones subjected to longitudinally propagating shear waves, particularly in the preliminary engineering design, and can be extended to geological conditions with multiple interfaces.
Modeling of Drain Consolidation in the Quick Triaxial Test and Its Analytical Solution
Authors: Chen Zhibo , Zhu Jungao , Zheng Xinjiang , Wang Lei
Published: September 2024

Sand columns have been widely used to accelerate drainage and then improving the mechanical properties of soft soil foundations. The sand column has also been introduced into the triaxial test by researchers, in the center of the cylindrical specimen, to greatly accelerate drainage and consolidation process. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the consolidation properties of the triaxial cylindrical specimen considering the presence of a sand column, and then to propose a consolidation model that simulates the consolidation process of the triaxial test. The consolidation equations were derived considering the drainage of the specimen with a sand column composed of both vertical and double‐radial flows. Then the analytical solution of the model was obtained based on specific initial and boundary conditions. The comparison between the consolidation model and the laboratory tests yielded highly consistent. The case study demonstrated that the proposed consolidation model accurately simulates the evolution of average pore pressure and degree of consolidation in triaxial specimens containing a sand column. The studies on the consolidation parameters showed that there were different effects on the drainage rate for the diameter of specimen, the permeability coefficients of specimen and sand column, as well as the radius of the sand column.
Practicing nurses' and nursing students' perceptions of climate change: A scoping review
Authors: Bérubé Anouk , Diallo Thierno , Roberge Martin , Audate Pierre‐Paul , Leblanc Nancy , Jobin Édith , Moubarak Nisrine , Guillaumie Laurence , Dupéré Sophie , Guichard Anne , Goupil‐Sormany Isabelle
Published: September 2024

Background

Human activities have significantly contributed to a persistent climate change trend, posing substantial threats to human health. Nurses regularly interact with patients experiencing the consequences of climate change, making their engagement in addressing this issue crucial. Nonetheless, our understanding of nurses' viewpoints regarding climate change remains limited.

Aim

This scoping review aims to identify practicing nurses' and nursing students' perceptions of climate change.

Design

To fulfil this objective, a documentary search strategy was developed using an iterative process.

Methods

The search strategy was tested in four bibliographic databases, as well as in the grey literature. A 2‐stage selection process was conducted, and relevant data were extracted from selected articles for analysis.

Results

Twenty‐two scientific articles and 11 documents from nursing associations were selected. The findings suggest that while many nurses and nursing students are concerned about climate change and its effects on their patients' health, their role in addressing the climate crisis is not well understood. Many barriers such as having a heavy workload and the lack of support hindered their ability to adjust their practice in response to the changing climate. Furthermore, many expressed a need for trainings on climate change issues.

Conclusions

These results raise a great and urgent demand for these professionals to receive appropriate training to cope with climatic threats to health. Future research should focus on the development of nursing climate leadership, and healthcare organizations should support nursing initiatives and help raise nurses' awareness regarding climate change.
Exploring the reactivity and interactions of a poly(fluorene‐co‐tetrazine)‐conjugated polymer with Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ly Alexandra L. , Adronov Alex
Published: September 2024

Conjugated tetrazine‐containing polymers that undergo inverse electron demand Diels‐Alder (IEDDA) reactions with trans‐cyclooctenes are interesting not only for their intrinsic optoelectronic properties, but also their interactions with π‐conjugated surfaces. Here, we prepared a series of poly(fluorene‐co‐tetrazine) polymers and carried out IEDDA reactions to decorate them with hydroxyl, hexadecyl, or triethylene glycol side chains. The polymers were investigated pre‐ and post‐IEDDA coupling in terms of their ability to disperse single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in organic solvent. It was found that polymer molecular weight, side chain structure, and degree of conjugation all impacted the quality of SWNT dispersions. While the starting poly(fluorene‐co‐tetrazine) polymer produced concentrated dispersions, the post‐IEDDA polymer containing dihydropyridazine groups did not produce dispersions of equal concentration. However, upon oxidation to the fully aromatic pyridazines, the polymers regained their ability to form concentrated dispersions. Furthermore, the post‐IEDDA polymers exhibited increased selectivity toward metallic SWNTs relative to the starting polymer. Due to the efficiency of the IEDDA reaction, it was also possible to use this chemistry to derivatize the nanotube complex with poly(fluorene‐co‐tetrazine) post‐dispersion. Overall, this work demonstrates the first use of reactive polytetrazines to disperse SWNTs, allowing rapid modification of polymer‐nanotube complexes.
Investigating the Influence of the Substrate Temperature and the Organic Precursor on the Mechanical Properties of Low‐Pressure Plasma Polymer Films
Authors: Dantinne Robin , Vinx Nathan , Leclère Philippe , Cossement Damien , Poleunis Claude , Delcorte Arnaud , Snyders Rony , Thiry Damien
Published: September 2024

This work aims to investigate the influence of the substrate temperature on low‐pressure plasma polymerization processes. Emphasis is placed on the mechanical properties and growth mechanism of the plasma polymer films (PPFs). For this purpose, two precursors are considered, differing only by their unsaturation degree: 2‐propen‐1‐ol (CH2═CH–CH2–OH) and propan‐1‐ol (CH3–CH2–CH2–OH). Although propan‐1‐ol‐based PPFs behave like hard elastic solids, 2‐propen‐1‐ol‐based coatings evolve from a liquid film to an elastic solid on increasing the substrate temperature. This behavior is understood considering the evolution of the glass transition temperature of PPFs. The latter is correlated with the cross‐linking degree of the polymeric network governed by the energy density of bombarding ions on the growing film.
Environmental Drivers of Palsa and Peat Plateau Occurrences: A Regional Comparison Across the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Leppiniemi Oona , Karjalainen Olli , Aalto Juha , Luoto Miska , Hjort Jan
Published: September 2024

Palsas and peat plateaus occur in various environmental conditions, but their driving environmental factors have not been examined across the Northern Hemisphere with harmonized datasets. Such comparisons can deepen our understanding of these landforms and their response to climate change. We conducted a comparative study between four regions: Hudson Bay, Iceland, Northern Fennoscandia, and Western Siberia by integrating landform observations and geospatial data into a MaxEnt model. Climate and hydrological conditions were identified as primary, yet regionally divergent, factors affecting palsa and peat plateau occurrence. Suitable conditions for these landforms entail specific temperature ranges (500–1500 thawing degree days, 500–4000 freezing degree days), around 300 mm of rainfall, and high soil moisture accumulation potential. Iceland's conditions, in particular, differ due to higher precipitation, a narrower temperature range, and the significance of soil organic carbon content. The annual thermal balance is a critical factor in understanding the occurrence of permafrost peatlands and should be considered when comparing different regions. We conclude that palsas and peat plateaus share similar topographic conditions but occupy varying soil conditions and climatic niches across the Northern Hemisphere. These findings have implications for understanding the climatic sensitivity of permafrost peatlands and identifying potential greenhouse gas emitters.
Effects of multiple microplastic types on growth of winter wheat and soil properties vary in different agricultural soils
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Ingraffia Rosolino , Schloter Michael , Brüggemann Nicolas , Rillig Matthias C.
Published: September 2024

Societal Impact Statement

Winter wheat is one of the most important crops in the world. Microplastics, as an emerging pollutant, are widespread in agricultural soils due to various modern agricultural practices and can have adverse impacts on agricultural soils and plant growth. Herein, we investigated the effects of 10 types of microplastics on the properties of three agricultural soil types and the growth of winter wheat. This study contributes insights toward the conservation of agricultural soils and potential wheat yield responses to microplastic. Understanding the mechanisms that underpin the differences in responses to this pollutant class is of great importance for management recommendations.

Microplastics (MPs) (size < 5 mm) are increasingly recognized as anthropogenic contaminants that severely affect terrestrial ecosystems. These particles are always detected as a mixture of various polymer types and shapes. However, we have limited knowledge of the effect of combined MPs on plant–soil systems.

To address this, we selected 10 types of MP, applied to three soil types singly and in combination along an increasing gradient of 1, 2, 5, 8, and 10 MP types at a content of 0.4% (w/v). After 8 weeks of pre‐incubation, winter wheat (TOBAK) was grown in each pot for another 8 weeks. Shoot and root biomass, soil aggregation, and carbon and nitrogen content were measured.

The effects of the same MP on both soil and plant properties were drastically different (in size and effect direction) in the different soil types. However, no clear patterns were observed along an increasing number of microplastic types, suggesting that knowing the number of microplastic types in a sample, at equity of overall concentration, does not help predict effects.

In contrast, our findings reveal the complex effects of multiple MPs on the soil–plant system and highlight that soil properties need to be taken into consideration when studying MP effects on terrestrial systems.
Modeling serum M‐protein response for early detection of biochemical relapse in myeloma patients treated with bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone
Authors: Otani Yuki , Zhao Yunqi , Wang Guanyu , Labotka Richard , Rogge Mark , Gupta Neeraj , Vakilynejad Majid , Bottino Dean , Tanigawara Yusuke
Published: September 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) treatment guidelines recommend waiting for formal progression criteria (FPC) to be met before proceeding to the next line of therapy. As predicting progression may allow early switching to next‐line therapy while the disease burden is relatively low, we evaluated the predictive accuracy of a mathematical model to anticipate relapse 180 days before the FPC is met. A subset of 470/1143 patients from the IA16 dataset who were initially treated with VRd (Velcade (bortezomib), Revlimid (lenalidomide), and dexamethasone) in the CoMMpass study (NCT01454297) were randomly split 2:1 into training and testing sets. A model of M‐protein dynamics was developed using the training set and used to predict relapse probability in patients in the testing set given their response histories up to 12 or more months of treatment. The predictive accuracy of this model and M‐protein “velocity” were assessed via receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. The final model was a two‐population tumor growth inhibition model with additive drug effect and transit delay compartments for cell killing. The ROC area under the curve value of relapse prediction 180 days ahead of observed relapse by FPC was 0.828 using at least 360 days of response data, which was superior to the M‐protein velocity ROC score of 0.706 under the same conditions. The model can predict future relapse from early M‐protein responses and can be used in a future clinical trial to test whether early switching to second‐line therapy results in better outcomes in MM.
Plasma‐Assisted Preparation and Properties of Chitosan‐Based Magnetic Hydrogels
Authors: Liang Running , Yang Cheng , Zhang Weiwei , Zhang Dan , A Lusi , Hu Wenzhuo , Gao Qinxiu , Bian Shaohuang , Qi Haoyu , Guo Junwei , Lu Wenping , Huang Feng
Published: September 2024

Chitosan‐based magnetic hydrogel has become a research hotspot in the field of material science due to the driven deformation or movement under the action of magnetic field. The unique properties make it show great application potential in medicine, biosensing, environmental protection, and other fields. Herein, the chitosan‐based nanomagnetic composite hydrogels are prepared by plasma assistance. The surface morphology, infrared spectra, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, water absorption, porosity, and degradation of the prepared hydrogels are investigated. The results prove the superiority of plasma‐assisted preparation of magnetic chitosan hydrogels and provide a new method for the design of smart hydrogels.
Attitude determination for multirotor aerial vehicles using a prescribed‐time super‐twisting algorithm
Authors: Silva João Filipe , Santos Davi A.
Published: September 2024

This paper is concerned with the prescribed‐time robust attitude determination (AD) of multirotor aerial vehicles (MAVs) using vector measurements from the local magnetic field and local gravity. To address this problem, we first introduce a novel modified super‐twisting algorithm endowed with the prescribed‐time convergence property. The state of the proposed algorithm is governed by an unbounded time‐varying gain up to the prescribed settling time (PST) and by a function after that. Therefore, after the PST, the new algorithm coincides with the conventional super‐twisting, thus showing robust stability at the origin. This prescribed‐time super‐twisting algorithm (PTSTA) is then applied to the formulation of a three‐stage gyro‐free attitude determination method for MAVs. In the first stage, the classical QUEST algorithm is used to compute a Wahba‐optimal attitude estimate from the vector measurements. In the second stage, the PTSTA is employed in the formulation of a robust state estimator that provides estimates of the attitude Gibbs vector and its rate. Finally, in the third stage, these state estimates as well as the attitude kinematic equation are immediately used to compute the MAV angular velocity. The proposed robust prescribed‐time gyro‐free AD method is evaluated numerically, showing invariance with respect to disturbance and model uncertainty.
Robust internal model‐based control for linear‐time‐invariant systems
Authors: Azimi Atabak , Koch Stefan , Reichhartinger Markus
Published: September 2024

This article addresses robust output regulation for systems affected by disturbances generated by an uncertain exosystem as well as matched external disturbances. The robustness of the feedback loop is achieved by combining internal model based control with sliding mode control, resulting in a structurally simple controller. The design of the proposed controller is presented first for the full information problem, that is, the disturbances generated by the exosystem and the state‐information is available for the control algorithm. This requirement is relaxed in the second step of the controller design, where the observer‐based robust output feedback‐loop structure is developed. Results from a comparative simulation study are presented to illustrate the advantages and the effectiveness of the proposed controller concept.
Biodiverse coffee plantations provide co‐benefits without compromising yield
Authors: Wright Dale R. , Gordon Ascelin , Bennett Ruth E. , Selinske Matthew J. , Lentini Pia E. , Garrard Georgia E. , Rodewald Amanda D. , Bekessy Sarah A.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Coffee is a ubiquitous global commodity that is cultivated with a wide range of practices, each with different, yet poorly understood trade‐offs between management intensity, yield, and biodiversity. For example, monocultures prioritise coffee production, but do not necessarily deliver the highest coffee yields, nor the greatest profits. Understanding these trade‐offs is key to informing sustainable coffee production.

Methods

We synthesized the literature on these relationships, finding that agroforestry farming systems support greater biodiversity while often producing coffee yields that are comparable to monoculture systems.

Results

Over half of studies (57%) failed to detect a trade‐off between yield and biodiversity in agroforestry systems. Of the 16 cases that investigated pollinators and yield, 85% showed a positive relationship. Farm proximity to natural forests also improved both biodiversity outcomes and coffee yields.

Conclusion

Studies in our data set revealed that agroforestry systems can deliver additional ecosystem services including carbon sequestration and pest control, with economic benefits accrued through income diversification and improvements to coffee bean quality. Our results illustrate how agroforestry systems within the coffee sector can return positive socio‐ecological outcomes.