bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trauma and adversity in forensic patients with an intellectual disability: a review of risk assessment reports
Authors: Ierna Adrian , Tolland Heather , McGinley Abi , Mathieson Laura
Published: September 2024

Purpose

People with intellectual disabilities are at a significantly higher risk than the general population for experiencing a wide range of adverse and potentially traumatic events. This paper aims to explore the incidence of experiences of lifetime trauma across this population in one Forensic Intellectual Disability Service. Risk management recommendations and psychological risk formulations were also examined for their consideration of traumatic experiences.

Design/methodology/approach

Risk assessment reports (n = 39) were reviewed for evidence of traumatic experiences and the consideration of trauma in patient risk formulations and risk management treatment recommendations.

Findings

Trauma was rated as present or partially present in 84.6% (n = 33) of risk assessment reports reviewed. None of the patients had received a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis. Recommendations regarding trauma were identified in 39.4% (n = 13) of the risk assessment reports where trauma was rated either “present” or “partially present”.

Practical implications

Findings suggest a need for diagnostic tools to be used to measure trauma symptoms and potential cases of PTSD to best support needs of patients. Trauma-focused interventions should also be considered. Further investigation is needed to clarify the disparity between the consideration of trauma in formulations and treatment recommendations.

Originality/value

This study highlights the different traumatic experiences that forensic patients across three settings have been exposed to during their lifetimes.
Leading whole school spaces of agency for climate change and sustainability education. A case study of four schools from England
Authors: Rushton Elizabeth , Walshe Nicola , Kitson Alison , Sharp Sarah
Published: September 2024

Purpose

In England, climate change and sustainability education (CCSE) is predominantly taught with a focus on knowledge in school geography and science. However, whole-school approaches to CCSE exist which encompasses curriculum, campus, community and culture. Drawing on conceptualisations of the ecological approach to teacher agency we explored the ways in which the leadership of a whole-school approach to CCSE was implemented across four case study schools.

Design/methodology/approach

Four case study schools were identified as having implemented CCSE across the areas of classroom, culture, campus and community, with opportunities to share good practice. During visits to each school, we completed a series of 15 interviews with teachers who had roles leading geography (n = 4) and science (n = 4) curricular; school leaders (n = 4) and sustainability coordinators (n = 3). We engaged with a range of school curricula and policy materials and toured each site.

Findings

At the heart of an effective approach to whole-school CCSE are leaders who create the conditions for teachers to achieve agency and enact curriculum making as a social practice. School leaders themselves are critical in ensuring the culture, professional norms and expectations are established and nurtured. Over time, teachers are able to identify and create spaces of agency in relation to CCSE which reach beyond their immediate communities.

Originality/value

This research brings together teacher agency, curriculum making and leadership practices to better understand why some schools achieve agentic cultures as part of whole-school CCSE.
Machine hearing for predictive maintenance of BLDC motors
Authors: Prieto Rommel Stiward , Bravo Montenegro Diego Alberto , Rengifo Carlos
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to approach predictive maintenance (PdM) of brushless direct current (BLDC) motors using audio signal processing and extracting statistical and spectral features to train classical machine learning (ML) models.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed methodology relies on classification predictive model that shows the motors prone to failure. To verify this, the model was implemented and tested with audio data. The trained models are then deployed to an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) application built using Django.

Findings

The implementation of the methodology allows for achieving performance as high as 92% accuracy, proving that spectral features should be considered when training ML models for PdM.

Originality/value

The proposed model is an effective decision-making tool that provides an ideal solution for preventive maintenance scheduling problems for BLDC motors.
Thermophoretic particle deposition and double-diffusive mixed convection flow in non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluids past a vertical deformable sheet
Authors: Alharbi Latifah Falah , Khan Umair , Zaib Aurang , Shah S.H.A.M. , Ishak Anuar , Muhammad Taseer
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Thermophoresis deposition of particles is a crucial stage in the spread of microparticles over temperature gradients and is significant for aerosol and electrical technologies. To track changes in mass deposition, the effect of particle thermophoresis is therefore seen in a mixed convective flow of Williamson hybrid nanofluids upon a stretching/shrinking sheet.

Design/methodology/approach

The PDEs are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the similarity technique and then the bvp4c solver is employed for the altered transformed equations. The main factors influencing the heat, mass and flow profiles are displayed graphically.

Findings

The findings imply that the larger effects of the thermophoretic parameter cause the mass transfer rate to drop for both solutions. In addition, the suggested hybrid nanoparticles significantly increase the heat transfer rate in both outcomes. Hybrid nanoparticles work well for producing the most energy possible. They are essential in causing the flow to accelerate at a high pace.

Practical implications

The consistent results of this analysis have the potential to boost the competence of thermal energy systems.

Originality/value

It has not yet been attempted to incorporate hybrid nanofluids and thermophoretic particle deposition impact across a vertical stretching/shrinking sheet subject to double-diffusive mixed convection flow in a Williamson model. The numerical method has been validated by comparing the generated numerical results with the published work.
Additive manufacturing of titanium–diamond parts: insights into the laser metal deposition process, powder rheology, mechanical properties and osteoblast cell viability
Authors: Mani Nour , Tran Nhiem , Jones Alan , Mirabedini Azadeh , Houshyar Shadi , Fox Kate
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is therefore to detail an additive manufacturing process for printing TiD parts for implant applications. Titanium–diamond (TiD) is a new composite that provides biocompatible three-dimensional multimaterial structures. Thus, the authors report a powder-deposition and print optimization strategy to overcome the dual-functionality gap by printing bulk TiD parts. However, despite favorable customization outcomes, relatively few additive manufacturing (AM) feedstock powders offer the biocompatibility required for medical implant and device technologies.

Design/methodology/approach

AM offers a platform to fabricate customized patient-specific parts. Developing feedstock that can be 3D printed into specific 3D structures while providing a favorable interface with the human tissue remains a challenge. Using laser metal deposition, feedstock powder comprising diamond and titanium was co-printed into TiD parts for mechanical testing to determine optimal manufacturing parameters.

Findings

TiD parts were fabricated comprising 30% and 50% diamond. The composite powder had a Hausner ratio of 1.13 and 1.21 for 30% and 50% TiD, respectively. The flow analysis (Carney flow) for TiD 30% and 50% was 7.53 and 5.15 g/s. The authors report that the printing-specific conditions significantly affect the integrity of the printed part and thus provide the optimal manufacturing parameters for structural integrity as determined by micro-computed tomography, nanoindentation and biocompatibility of TiD parts. The hardness, ultimate tensile strength and yield strength for TiD are 4–6 GPa (depending on build position), 426 MPa and 375 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the authors show that increasing diamond composition to 30% results in higher osteoblast viability and lower bacteria count than titanium.

Originality/value

In this study, the authors provide a clear strategy to manufacture TiD parts with high integrity, performance and biocompatibility, expanding the material feedstock library and paving the way to customized diamond implants. Diamond is showing strong potential as a biomedical material; however, upscale is limited by conventional techniques. By optimizing AM as the avenue to make complex shapes, the authors open up the possibility of patient-specific diamond implant solutions.
Acute aconitine poisoning resulting from the ingestion of medicinal liquor
Authors: Huang Ruoyu , Pang Qiuyu , Zheng Lexin , Duan Rui , Wang Ying , Wang Zhiyong , Wang Tao
Published: September 2024

Diester diterpenoid alkaloids (DDAs) are the main active ingredients of herbaceous perennial plants Aconitum. DDAs possess cardiotoxic and neurotoxic properties. Although most deaths caused by DDA poisoning are accidental, a few instances of suicide and homicide have been reported. Presented is a case of an acute aconitine (AC) poisoning following the ingestion of approximately 50 mL of homemade medicinal liquor. We described the clinical manifestations after poisoning and detailed postmortem changes, and detected the concentrations of AC and hypaconitine (HA) by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The decedent experienced a burning sensation in the gastrointestinal tract after poisoning, followed by flushing and paralysis of the face and limbs, and severe cardiac arrhythmia. An autopsy revealed cyanosis of the lips and nail beds; conjunctival hemorrhage in both eyes; pulmonary edema; tissue hemorrhage and congestion in multiple organs; and inflammatory cell infiltration in the stomach, duodenum, pancreas, and cardiac muscle. The concentrations of AC and HA were as follows: cardiac blood, 38.4 ng/mL and 7.1 ng/mL; pericardial fluid, 7.3 ng/mL and 41 ng/mL; urine, 28.1 ng/mL and 574 ng/mL; bile, 38.5 ng/mL and 108 ng/mL; gastric contents, 0.06 mg and 0.56 mg; liver tissue, 10.7 ng/g and 109.6 ng/g; and medicinal liquor, 0.568 mg/mL and 0.664 mg/mL, respectively. The clinical manifestations, anatomy findings, and quantitative data on the concentrations of AC and HA in body fluids and tissues will aid forensic investigations of deaths caused by acute AC poisoning.
The relationship between changes in peritoneal permeability with CA‐125 and HIF‐1α
Authors: Koyuncu Sumeyra , Sipahioğlu Hilal , Karakukcu Cigdem , Zararsız Gökmen , İçaçan Gamze , Biçer Nazmiye Serap , Kocyigit Ismail
Published: September 2024

Background

Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a major, persistent complication of prolonged peritoneal dialysis that eventually leads to peritoneal ultrafiltration failure and termination of peritoneal dialysis. Prolonged exposure to high glucose concentrations, degradation products, uremic toxins, and episodes of peritonitis can cause some changes in the peritoneal membrane, resulting in intraperitoneal inflammation and PF, leading to failure of ultrafiltration and dialysis. CA‐125 can be used as a biomarker of peritoneal mesothelial cell count in the peritoneal dialysate and for monitoring cell count in PD patients. Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF‐1α) has been reported to cause PF, but has not been reported to be associated with changes in peritoneal structure. We hypothesized that peritoneal adequacy can be followed using HIF‐1α and CA‐125 values. In the present study, therefore, we investigated the relationship between HIF‐1α and CA‐125 levels and parietal membrane permeability changes in PD patients.

Methods

Forty‐five patients were included in the study. Peritoneal permeability was constant in 20 of these, while peritoneal permeability increased in 11 and decreased in 14. The HIF‐1α value from the blood samples of the patients and the CA‐125 measurement from the peritoneal fluids were measured. The relationship between peritoneal variability and CA‐125 and HIF levels after follow‐up was investigated.

Results

We compared serum HIF‐1α and peritoneal fluid CA‐125 levels in the three groups receiving peritoneal dialysis treatment. HIF‐1α levels increased with peritoneal permeability changes, while CA‐125 levels decreased. In patients with high to low permeability changes, HIF‐1α levels were higher compared to those with stable or low to high changes, which was statistically significant. Conversely, CA‐125 levels significantly decreased in patients whose peritoneal permeability changed from high to low, compared to the other two groups.

Conclusion

Changes in peritoneal structure can be followed with biomarkers. It has been shown that CA‐125 and HIF‐1α levels can guide the changes in the peritoneal membrane. This can be useful in the monitoring of peritoneal dialysis.
Blockade of dopamine D3 receptors improves hippocampal synaptic function and rescues age‐related cognitive phenotype
Authors: Tropea Maria Rosaria , Melone Marcello , Li Puma Domenica Donatella , Vacanti Valeria , Aceto Giuseppe , Bandiera Bruno , Trovato Roberta Carmela , Torrisi Sebastiano Alfio , Leggio Gian Marco , Palmeri Agostino , D'Ascenzo Marcello , Conti Fiorenzo , Grassi Claudio , Puzzo Daniela
Published: September 2024

Dopamine D3 receptors (D3Rs) modulate neuronal activity in several brain regions including the hippocampus. Although previous studies reported that blocking D3Rs exerts pro‐cognitive effects, their involvement in hippocampal synaptic function and memory in the healthy and aged brain has not been thoroughly investigated. We demonstrated that in adult wild type (WT) mice, D3R pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion as in D3 knock out (KO) mice, converted the weak form of long‐term potentiation (LTP1) into the stronger long‐lasting LTP (LTP2) via the cAMP/PKA pathway, and allowed the formation of long‐term memory. D3R effects were mainly mediated by post‐synaptic mechanisms as their blockade enhanced basal synaptic transmission (BST), AMPAR‐mediated currents, mEPSC amplitude, and the expression of the post‐synaptic proteins PSD‐95, phospho(p)GluA1 and p‐CREB. Consistently, electron microscopy revealed a prevalent expression of D3Rs in post‐synaptic dendrites. Interestingly, with age, D3Rs decreased in axon terminals while maintaining their levels in post‐synaptic dendrites. Indeed, in aged WT mice, blocking D3Rs reversed the impairment of LTP, BST, memory, post‐synaptic protein expression, and PSD length. Notably, aged D3‐KO mice did not exhibit synaptic and memory deficits. In conclusion, we demonstrated the fundamental role of D3Rs in hippocampal synaptic function and memory, and their potential as a therapeutic target to counteract the age‐related hippocampal cognitive decline.
Review article: Faecal biomarkers for assessing small intestinal damage in coeliac disease and environmental enteropathy
Authors: Kivelä Laura , Lindfors Katri , Lundin Knut E. A. , Størdal Ketil
Published: September 2024

Background

In coeliac disease and environmental enteropathy, dietary gluten and enteric infections cause reversible inflammation and morphological changes to the small intestinal mucosa that can be detected in biopsy samples obtained by endoscopy. However, there is a clear need for non‐invasive biomarkers. Constant shedding of mucosal material into the bowel lumen and faeces, together with easy availability of stool, makes it an interesting sample matrix.

Aims

To conduct a systematic literature search and summarize the existing evidence for host mucosa‐derived faecal biomarkers in evaluating small intestinal damage.

Methods

We searched for studies on PubMed (MEDLINE) until 1 March 2024.

Results

We identified 494 studies and included 35 original case–control and cohort studies. These assessed host mucosal transcripts and 14 other markers aiming specifically to reflect inflammation and cell‐mediated, innate and gluten‐induced immune responses. In coeliac disease, faecal calprotectin and anti‐gliadin, tissue transglutaminase, endomysium and deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies were the most studied but with inconsistent results. Single studies reported positive findings about microRNA transcripts, β‐defensin‐2, lipocalin‐2, zonulin‐related proteins and angiotensin‐converting enzyme. In environmental enteropathy, a non‐significant association was reported between calprotectin and urine lactulose/mannitol ratio; there were conflicting results for neopterin, myeloperoxidase and host transcripts. Single studies reported a positive association for lactoferrin, and a negative association for regenerating islet‐derived protein 1. Studies comparing faecal markers against small intestinal biopsy findings were not identified in environmental enteropathy.

Conclusions

Further studies are needed to determine reliable faecal markers as a proxy for small intestinal mucosal damage.
Letter: Optimising public health policies to combat alcohol‐associated liver disease in youth—Authors' reply
Authors: Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Tothanarungroj Primrose , Diaz Luis Antonio , Arab Juan Pablo , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Wijarnpreecha Karn
Published: September 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Danpanichkul et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18101 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18239
Elucidation of the Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Heteronuclear Complexes of Bisbenzimidazole Derivatives and Their Biological Activities by In Vitro and In Silico Assays
Authors: Kaplan Esra , Koc Ziya Erdem , Uysal Ahmet , Uba Abdullahi Ibrahim , Zengin Gokhan
Published: September 2024

A novel and efficient protocol for the microwave‐assisted synthesis of diversely substituted 2,2′‐bisbenzimidazol‐5,6′‐dicarboxylic acid (BIMCA) from the reaction of 3,4‐diaminobenzoic acid with oxalic acid has been developed, which proceeds through sequential nucleophilic addition and electrophilic substitution in accordance with the Philips method. The synthetic utility of this strategy was demonstrated by the concise, one‐pot synthesis of (BIMCA) and metal complexes. (BIMCA) with a [{Fe(salen)}2O] Schiff base ligand complex and new benzimidazole coordination compounds with double oxygen [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}2] ligand complexes were obtained. The resulting [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}2] ligand complex was then synthesized from Co(CH3COO)2.4H2O, Ni(CH3COO)2.4H2O and Cu(CH3COO)2.H2O heteronuclear complexes. The condensations proceed with good yield to give products that, in certain instances, are not readily attainable by conventional condensation techniques. The structures of the compounds were identified by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility. The mutagenic potential of the synthesized chemicals was evaluated by the Ames test towards mutant Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. It was recorded that these chemicals had no mutagenic action. Also, antimicrobial activities were screened by broth microdilution test. It was seen that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was 0.195 mg/mL, followed by a MIC value of 0.390 mg/mL against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}2Co(II)] demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus, with an MIC of 0.195 mg/mL, followed by an MIC of 0.390 mg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, K. pneumonia and Salmonella typhimurium. The antioxidant properties were examined using various chemical assays, and [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}2O] and (BIMCA) exhibited greater 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, when compared with other compounds. Enzyme inhibitory effects were tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amylase, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase. [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}2Cu(II)] displayed the best AChE (IC50 0.51 mg/mL), BChE (IC50 0.51 mg/mL) and tyrosinase (IC50 1.52 mg/mL) inhibitory effects. Furthermore, molecular docking calculations were performed to gain insights into the interaction between [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}2] and AChE, and between [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}2Cu(II)] and amylase. Both compounds showed the potential inhibition of the protein targets.
Let's put the clues together and find the aetiology in this patient with dilated right heart!
Authors: Inan Duygu , Hadi Omer Abdel , Yildiz Ufuk , Bas Serap , Kılıcgedik Alev
Published: September 2024

A 39‐year‐old woman with intermittent palpitations, psoriasis, and a family history of sudden death presented with dilated right heart chambers and an enlarged coronary sinus. Despite a normal bubble study, further evaluation with transesophageal echocardiography revealed an abnormal pulmonary venous return: the left pulmonary veins drained into the coronary sinus. Cardiac computed tomography confirmed this finding, suggesting a partial abnormal pulmonary venous return as the underlying issue. Cardiac catheterization indicated increased pulmonary artery flow with normal pulmonary vascular resistance. The patient was referred for surgery. In this pathway involving the differential diagnosis of right heart dilatation, despite a confusing history and conflicting findings, echocardiographic clues led to the diagnosis.
Regional processes shape the structure of rumen microbial co‐occurrence networks
Authors: Galai Geut , Arbel Dafna , Klass Keren , Grinshpan Ido , Mizrahi Itzhak , Pilosof Shai
Published: September 2024

Co‐occurrence networks offer insights into the complexity of microbial interactions, particularly in highly diverse environments where direct observation is challenging. However, identifying the scale at which local and non‐local processes structure co‐occurrence networks remains challenging because it requires simultaneously analyzing network structure within and between local networks. In this context, the rumen microbiome is an excellent model system because each cow contains a physically confined microbial community, which is imperative for the host's livelihood and productivity. Employing the rumen microbiome of 1012 cows across seven European farms as our model system, we constructed and analyzed farm‐level co‐occurrence networks to reveal underlying microbial interaction patterns. Within each farm, microbes tended to close triangles but some microbial families were over‐represented while others under‐represented in these local interactions. Using stochastic block modeling we detected a group structure that reflected functional equivalence in co‐occurrence. Knowing the group composition in one farm provided significantly more information on the grouping in another farm than expected. Moreover, microbes strongly conserved co‐occurrence patterns across farms (also adjusted for phylogeny). We developed a meta‐co‐occurrence multilayer approach, which links farm‐level networks, to test scale signatures simultaneously at the farm and inter‐farm levels. Consistent with the comparison between groups, the multilayer network was not partitioned into clusters. This result was consistent even when artificially disconnecting farm‐level networks. Our results show a prominent signal of processes operating across farms to generate a non‐random, similar (yet not identical) co‐occurrence patterns. Comprehending the processes underlying rumen microbiome assembly can aid in developing strategies for its manipulation. More broadly, our results provide new evidence for the scale at which forces shape microbe co‐occurrence. Finally, the hypotheses‐based approach and methods we developed can be adopted in other systems to detect scale signatures in species interactions.
Patient‐reported daily functioning after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinations in autoimmune neuromuscular diseases
Authors: van Dam Koos P. J. , Wieske Luuk , Stalman Eileen W. , Kummer Laura Y. L. , van der Kooi Anneke J. , Raaphorst Joost , van de Beek Diederik , Verschuuren Jan J. G. M. , Ruiter Annabel M. , Brusse Esther , van Doorn Pieter A. , Baars Adája E. , van der Pol W. Ludo , Goedee H. Stephan , ten Brinke Anja , van Ham S. Marieke , Rispens Theo , Kuijpers Taco W. , Eftimov Filip ,   the T2B! Immunity Against SARS‐CoV‐2 Study Group
Published: September 2024

Background and purpose

There are concerns for safety regarding SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines for patients with autoimmune neuromuscular disease. We compared daily functioning using disease‐specific patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) before and after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinations.

Methods

In this substudy of a prospective observational cohort study (Target‐to‐B!), patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) vaccinated against SARS‐CoV‐2 were included. Surveys of daily functioning (Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living, Inflammatory Rasch‐Built Overall Disability Scale, Multifocal Motor Neuropathy Rasch‐Built Overall Disability Scale, and Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index) were sent before first vaccination and every 60 days thereafter for up to 12 months. Regression models were constructed to assess differences in PROM scores related to vaccination, compared to scores unrelated to vaccination. We also assessed the proportion of patients with deterioration of at least the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) between before first vaccination and 60 days thereafter.

Results

We included 325 patients (median age = 59 years, interquartile range = 47–67, 156 [48%] female sex), of whom 137 (42%) had MG, 79 (24%) had CIDP, 43 (13%) had MMN, and 66 (20%) had IIM. PROM scores related to vaccination did not differ from scores unrelated to vaccination. In paired PROMs, MCID for deterioration was observed in three of 49 (6%) MG patients, of whom none reported a treatment change. In CIDP, MCID for deterioration was observed in eight of 29 patients (28%), of whom two of eight (25%) reported a treatment change.

Conclusions

SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination had no effect on daily functioning in patients with autoimmune neuromuscular diseases, confirming its safety in these patients.
Effectiveness and safety of monthly versus quarterly fremanezumab for migraine prevention: An Italian, multicenter, real‐life study
Authors: Zanandrea Laura , Messina Roberta , Cetta Ilaria , Genovese Federica , Guerrieri Simone , Vernieri Fabrizio , Altamura Claudia , Cevoli Sabina , Favoni Valentina , Colombo Bruno , Filippi Massimo
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose

Fremanezumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the calcitonin gene‐related peptide for migraine prevention, is available in monthly (225 mg) and quarterly (675 mg) doses. Previous studies showed efficacy and safety for both regimens, but a real‐life comparison is lacking. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of monthly and quarterly fremanezumab in a real‐life setting.

Methods

This Italian, prospective, multicenter study enrolled 95 migraine patients. During a 3‐month treatment period, patients received either monthly or quarterly fremanezumab (49 monthly, 46 quarterly). A 6‐month treatment period involved 79 patients (43 monthly, 36 quarterly). Monthly headache (MHD) and migraine days (MMD), number of days (AMD) and pills (AMP) of acute medication intake, and Headache Impact Test (HIT‐6), Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) test, and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores were recorded at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Adverse events (AEs), responder rates, and medication overuse were also investigated.

Results

Both monthly and quarterly treatments led to significant reductions in MMD, MHD, AMP, AMD, HIT‐6, MIDAS, and NRS scores after 3 and 6 months. The monthly regimen exhibited a slightly greater reduction in MMD and MHD after the first quarter, with no significant difference observed after 6 months. The most common AE was transient injection‐site reaction, without between‐group differences. Responder rates and resolution of medication overuse did not significantly differ between the groups.

Conclusions

Both monthly and quarterly regimens were effective and safe, with a tendency for an advantage of the monthly regimen only in the first quarter of treatment.
Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of the 2010 European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society and American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine diagnostic criteria for multifocal motor neuropathy
Authors: Doneddu Pietro Emiliano , Gallo Chiara , Gentile Luca , Cocito Dario , Falzone Yuri , Di Stefano Vincenzo , Inghilleri Maurizio , Cosentino Giuseppe , Matà Sabrina , Mazzeo Anna , Filosto Massimiliano , Peci Erdita , Sorrenti Benedetta , Brighina Filippo , Moret Federica , Vegezzi Elisa , Sperti Martina , Risi Barbara , Nobile‐Orazio Eduardo ,   on the behalf of the Italian MMN Database Study Group
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose

This study was undertaken to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the 2010 European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society (EFNS/PNS) diagnostic criteria for multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) with those of the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AAEM).

Methods

Sensitivity and specificity of the two sets of criteria were retrospectively evaluated in 53 patients with MMN and 280 controls with axonal peripheral neuropathy, inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Comparison of the utility of nerve conduction studies with different numbers of nerves examined was also assessed.

Results

The 2010 EFNS/PNS criteria had a sensitivity of 47% for definite MMN and 57% for probable/definite MMN, whereas the AAEM criteria had a sensitivity of 28% for definite MMN and 53% for probable/definite MMN. The sensitivity of the AAEM criteria was higher when utilizing area compared to amplitude reduction to define conduction block. Using supportive criteria, the sensitivity of the 2010 EFNS/PNS criteria for probable/definite MMN increased to 64%, and an additional 36% patients fulfilled the criteria (possible MMN). Specificity values for definite and probable/definite MMN were slightly higher with the AAEM criteria (100%) compared to the EFNS/PNS criteria (98.5% and 97%). Extended nerve conduction studies yielded slightly increased diagnostic sensitivity for both sets of criteria without significantly affecting specificity.

Conclusions

In our patient populations, the 2010 EFNS/PNS criteria demonstrated higher sensitivity but slightly lower specificity compared to the AAEM criteria. Extended nerve conduction studies are advised to achieve slightly higher sensitivity while maintaining very high specificity.
The impact of short‐term transportation stress on insulin and oral sugar responses in insulin dysregulated and non‐insulin dysregulated horses
Authors: Jacquay Erica T. , Harris Patricia A. , Adams Amanda A.
Published: September 2024

Background

It is unknown whether short‐term transportation affects endocrine responses similarly in horses with and without insulin dysregulation (ID).

Objectives

To characterise the effect of short‐term transportation on stress parameters and insulin responses to an oral sugar test (OST) in horses with and without ID.

Study design

Longitudinal cohort study.

Methods

Fourteen adult non‐pregnant, non‐PPID mares of mixed light breeds were grouped as either ID (n = 7) or non‐ID (n = 7) based on endocrine testing. Over 2 weeks, horses were transported once, in groups of 3–4 in a horse trailer on a round‐trip journey of ~1.5 h. Blood and saliva were collected 24 h and 1 h pre‐transportation, directly after unloading and 15 min, 1 h, 3 h plus 24 h post‐transportation. An OST was performed 24 h pre‐transportation and 3 h post‐transportation with a pre‐ (T0) and post‐OST sample collected 60 min later (T60). Heart rates and rectal temperatures were also collected throughout the study. Serum insulin, serum cortisol, and plasma glucose were measured using validated assays. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to determine differences after transportation and between ID and non‐ID horses. Non‐normal data were log‐transformed and multiple comparisons were adjusted using Bonferroni post hoc tests.

Results

Mean insulin was higher in ID horses versus non‐ID horses (mean = 109.9 μU/mL vs. 30.2 μU/mL, p < 0.001; 95% CI for mean difference = [55.6–107.7 μU/mL]). Mean serum insulin increased following OST at T60 in ID horses pre‐ (154.6 μU/mL, p = 0.04; 95% CI = [86.3–223.0 μU/mL]) and post‐transportation (284.6 μU/mL, p = 0.03; 95% CI = [114.3–454.8 μU/mL]). Non‐ID horses had a mean OST T60 insulin post‐transportation of 56.6 μU/mL (95% CI = [29.1–84.1 μU/mL]); above recognised threshold [45 μU/mL] for ID diagnosis.

Main limitations

Small number of horses, only mares used, and OST not performed immediately post‐transportation.

Conclusions

Performing an OST 3 h following short‐term transportation may result in inaccurate ID status.
Corrosion fatigue crack growth model for aluminum alloys in jet fuel
Authors: Liu Zuoting , Liu Shilong , Cao Jing , Pan Yang , Yao Weixing
Published: September 2024

Aluminum alloys are primary structural materials in aircraft fuel systems, where jet fuel can influence the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of materials. This paper presents a model for calculating the FCG rate of aluminum alloys in jet fuel environment. The model is based on elastoplastic fracture mechanics and revises the interaction terms in the linear superposition model by accounting for the corrosive environment and the crack closure effect. The derivation process of the model is discussed in detail. To validate the efficacy of the model, FCG tests were conducted on three types of aviation aluminum alloys, namely, 2524‐T3, 7050‐T7451, and 7075‐T62 in the jet fuel. The experimental results were compared with FCG rates in the laboratory air environment. Findings indicate that the proposed model effectively captures the primary trends observed in the experimental data. In addition, the failure surfaces of the specimens were observed using a super‐depth‐of‐field optical microscopy system.
The Effects of Diverse Interventions on Diabetes Management Among Arabs With Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Abd Elqader Omaima , Srulovici Einav
Published: September 2024

Aim

To identify, describe, and critically evaluate the effects of various interventions on diabetes management outcomes among Arabs with diabetes.

Design

A systematic review.

Data Sources

The search was conducted across three databases: PubMed, CINAHL and the Cochrane Collaboration in December 2023.

Review Methods

Screening involved randomised controlled trials and nonrandomised studies that focused on the effects of interventions on diabetes management among Arab with diabetes. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) checklist guided the review process. Two researchers independently applied eligibility criteria. Data extraction captured key study details, and methodological quality was assessed using Downs and Black's checklist. This review is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number CRD42024555668).

Results

Thirty‐five articles were reviewed, yielding 65 outcomes. Effective interventions included personalised care, patient‐centred education and direct patient contact through lifestyle modifications, advice, feedback, motivational conversations and calls. These approaches improved haemoglobin A1c, fasting blood glucose, physical activity and medication adherence. Conversely, nonpersonalised remote monitoring and social media interventions showed no significant improvements. Notably, tailored nutritional and physical activity advice positively impacted body mass index and systolic blood pressure among Arab women with diabetes.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the effectiveness of personalised care and direct patient contact in optimising diabetes management among Arabs with diabetes.

Impact

This review highlights the importance of prioritising direct patient contact over remote methods such as social media in interventions on diabetes management among Arabs with diabetes. It emphasises the need for culturally sensitive approaches, particularly for women.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution, as this study constitutes a review of existing research.
Nurses' and Midwives' Stress of Conscience and Its Correlation With Selected Sociodemographic and Work‐Related Variables
Authors: Dziurka Magdalena , Jedynak Anna , Jurek Krzysztof , Dobrowolska Beata
Published: September 2024

Aim

To assess the level of stress of conscience experienced by Polish nurses and midwives and its determinants.

Design

Descriptive cross‐sectional study.

Methods

The study was conducted from March 2019 to December 2020 and included convenience sampling of nurses and midwives working in hospitals in south‐eastern Poland. An adapted version of the stress of the conscience questionnaire was used.

Results

A total of 476 nurses and midwives completed the survey. The stress of conscience mean value was 67.57. There were no differences in stress of conscience between nurses and midwives. There were five predictors of stress of conscience for nurses: additional job, place of residence, care for patients over 65 years of age, satisfaction with one's salary and having specialised courses, for midwives: social status, work mode and postgraduate studies.

Conclusion

With the knowledge of predictors of stress of conscience, educational institutions, policymakers and hospital managers should focus their interventions on the factors that lead to a higher level of stress of conscience. It is essential to provide psychological support, building positive relationships between colleagues and focusing on organisational conditions.

Implict

Further research in this area is therefore encouraged, along with pre‐ and postgraduate training in coping with challenging situations such as the death of a patient and caring for elderly patients with dementia or multiple diseases. The study identifies predictors of stress of conscience and problems that can influence their appearance. Factors that increase the stress of conscience, such as organisational conditions and caring after patients are over age 65, should receive special attention in clinical education and result in the provision of an increased level of support from supervisors. Policymakers should also direct their future actions towards the ageing population, staff shortages, the resignation from the profession by improving working conditions and reducing the stress of conscience.

Reporting Method

STROBE guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
The importance of highlighting culturally relevant factors in the DEEP analysis when using IBCT with African American couples
Authors: Parsons Aleja , Jones Shawn C. T. , Teves Jenna B. , Petty Karen H. , Christensen Andrew
Published: September 2024

Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy (IBCT) posits that couple distress can, in part, be attributed to four factors labeled with the acronym DEEP: natural Uifferences between partners in their perspectives, beliefs, interests, and personalities, partner's Emotional sensitivities related to these differences, the External, contextual stressors that often exacerbate their differences and sensitivities, and the resultant Patterns of distressed interaction. Although an extensive assessment process captures these four components and thus tailors targets for intervention based on the unique characteristics of each couple, it does not explicitly consider the uniqueness of African American couples. Given the historical and contemporary realities that African American couples face (e.g., anti‐Black racism), the purpose of this article is to help clinicians use IBCT with African American couples in a culturally responsive way. We begin this article by highlighting the unique needs of African American couples. We then provide a broad overview of the benefits of adopting a multicultural lens of awareness, knowledge, and skills in clinical work, present an atheoretical overview of IBCT, and offer specific recommendations to attend to the unique cultural experiences of African American couples. Finally, we present a case study to exemplify our suggestions and highlight implications of using IBCT with African American couples in a culturally responsible way.
Effect of cleaning solution on surface properties of 3D‐printed denture materials
Authors: Santi Marina Rodrigues , Khodor Nadima , Sekula Michael , Donatelli David , De Souza Grace Mendonça
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of cleaning solutions on surface properties of 3D‐printed resins.

Materials and Methods

Seven different resin materials for denture base and teeth were used in the form of 280 half‐disks. Samples were randomly assigned to two cleaning groups (FD, FreshDent; PO, Polydent), with daily 2‐ or 3‐min immersion followed by water storage, repeated for 30 days. Samples were then cleaned in an ultrasonic bath with water and analyzed for surface roughness (Keyence, VHX‐7000N) and hardness (Shimadzu, HMV‐2 series). The pH of cleaning solutions was analyzed over 5‐min and the surface morphology of specimens was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis used two‐way ANOVA (α = 0.05).

Results

Surface roughness of base materials was significantly affected (p < 0.001), whereas roughness of teeth materials was not. As for hardness, there was a significant interaction between materials and cleaning solution for both, base (p < 0.001) and teeth (p < 0.001). For teeth materials, PO significantly increased Denture's (Dentca) hardness and decreased that of Rodin's (Pac Dent), while PO significantly increased Rodin's Base (Pac Dent) hardness. The hardness of Flexcera Ultra (Envision Tec), Glidewell (Glidewell), Lucitone (Dentsply Sirona), and NextDent (NextDent) teeth and base materials were not affected by the cleaning solution. Overall, the pH of FD averaged 7.3 and PO averaged 6.6. All the SEM images indicated surface irregularities after immersion in either FD or PO.

Conclusions

One‐month of storage and cyclic cleaning of 3D‐ printed resins did not affect surface roughness but had a significant impact on hardness. The cleaning solutions’ effect was not homogeneous among materials.
Microstructural and flexural strength of various CAD‐CAM lithium disilicate ceramics
Authors: Zaniboni Joissi Ferrari , Silva Amanda Soares , Silva Aryvelto Miranda , Besegato João Felipe , Muñoz‐Chávez Oscar Fernando , de Campos Edson Alves
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To analyze the microstructural and mechanical properties of various commercial trademarks of lithium disilicate ceramics for CAD‐CAM systems.

Materials and Methods

Specimens of different lithium disilicate ceramics were obtained and randomized into 5 groups (n = 14): EM: e.max CAD; RT: Rosetta SM; EV: Evolith; PM: Smile‐Lithium CAD; and, HS: HaHaSmile. The microstructural analysis was performed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); for flexural strength, the three‐point bending flexure test was used. XRD and SEM data were qualitatively evaluated. Data from flexural strength were assessed with one‐way ANOVA test (α = 0.05) and Weibull analysis.

Results

High peaks corresponding to the lithium metasilicate and lithium disilicate pattern with similar intensities were observed in all ceramics in the XRD analysis. SEM images showed similar patterns of crystalline structure in the EM and RT ceramics, while the other three groups presented different crystal morphologies than the previous ones and were similar to each other. No differences were found in flexural strength among the groups (p = 0.28).

Conclusions

The CAD‐CAM lithium disilicate ceramics showed comparable crystalline intensities. The microstructure of the EM and RT ceramics were different from the other groups. Flexural strength was similar among all ceramics.
Masticatory simulators based on oral physiology in food research: A systematic review
Authors: Guo Yifei , Zhao Qi , Li Tiejing , Mao Qian
Published: September 2024

A masticatory simulator is a mechanical device that mimics the physiological structures of the human oral cavity, chewing movement system, and functions. The advantage of this device lies in real‐time tracking and analysis of food boluses within a sealed oral space, offering a direct validation platform for food experiments without constraints related to time, space, and individual variations. The degree to which the masticatory simulator simulates physiological structures reflects its efficacy in replicating oral physiological processes. This review mainly discusses the physiological structures of the oral cavity, the simulation of biomimetic components, and the development, feasibility assessment, applications, and prospects of masticatory simulators in food. The highlight of this review is the analogy of biomimetic component designs in masticatory simulators over the past 15 years. It summarizes the limitations of masticatory simulators and their biomimetic components, proposing potential directions for future development. The purpose of this review is to assist readers in understanding the research progress and latest literature findings on masticatory simulators while also offering insights into the design and innovation of masticatory simulators.
An activity‐based sensing fluorogenic probe for monitoring O‐methyltransferase in plants
Authors: Jia Xin‐Lei , Zhu Lixiang , Li Yuanyu , Zhang Pan , Chen Xiao , Shao Kai , Feng Jingxian , Qiu Shi , Geng Jiaran , Yang Yingbo , Wu Zongtai , Xue Jingshi , Wang Ping , Chen Wansheng , Xiao Ying
Published: September 2024

Activity‐based sensing probes are powerful tools for monitoring enzymatic activities in complex biological samples such as cellular and live animals; however, their application in plants remains challenging.

Herein, fourteen activity‐based fluorescent probes were assayed against Arabidopsis O‐methyltransferases (AtOMTs). One probe, 3‐BTD, displayed a high selectivity, reactivity, and fluorescence response toward AtOMTs especially the isoform AtCCoAOMT. We further characterized the features of this probe and explored whether it could be used to detect OMT activities in living plant cells.

Our results show that 3‐BTD can be used to visualize OMT activity in Arabidopsis, and no fluorescent signal was observed in the comt/ccoaomt double mutant, indicating that it has good specificity. Interestingly, in contrast to the observation that AtCCoAOMT‐YFP accumulated in both cytoplasm and nucleus, OMT enzymatic activity tracked by 3‐BTD probe was found only in the cytoplasm. This underscores the importance of activity‐based sensing in studying protein function. Moreover, 3‐BTD can be successfully applied in OMT visualization of different plants.

This study indicates that 3‐BTD can serve as a potential probe for in situ monitoring the real activity of OMT in multiple plants and provides a strategy for visualizing the activity of other enzymes in plants.