bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responses of Surface Evaporative Fluxes in Montane Cloud Forests to the Climate Change Scenario
Authors: Yang Tzu-Ying , Huang Cho-Ying , Juang Jehn-Yih , Chen Yi-Ying , Cheng Chao-Tzuen , Lo Min-Hui
Published: August 2022

Fog plays a vital role in maintaining ecosystems in montane cloud forests. In these forests, a large amount of water on the surface of leaves and canopy (hereafter canopy water) evaporates during the morning. This biophysical process plays a critical factor in regulating afternoon fog formation. Recent studies have found that alterations in precipitation, temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentrations associated with future climate changes may affect terrestrial hydroclimatology, but the responses in cloud forests remain unclear. Utilizing numerical experiments with the Community Land Model, we explored changes in surface evaporative fluxes in Chi-Lan Mountain cloud forests in northeastern Taiwan under the RCP8.5 scenario with changes in the aforementioned various atmospheric variables. The results showed that increased rainfall intensity in climate change runs decreased the accumulation of canopy water, while larger water vapor concentrations led to more nighttime condensation on leaves. Elevated CO2 concentrations did not greatly impact canopy water amounts, but photosynthesis was enhanced, while transpiration was reduced and contributed to decreased latent heat fluxes, implying the importance of forest plant physiology in modulating land evaporative fluxes. Evapotranspiration decreased in Chi-Lan due to multiple combined factors, in contrast to the expected intensification in the global water cycle under global warming. The study, however, is restricted to an offline land surface model without land–atmosphere interactions and the interactions with adjacent grids, which deserves further analyses for the water cycle changes in the montane cloud forest regions.
Diapycnal displacement, diffusion, and distortion of tracers in the ocean
Authors: Drake Henri F. , Ruan Xiaozhou , Ferrari Raffaele
Published: August 2022

Small-scale mixing drives the diabatic upwelling that closes the abyssal ocean overturning circulation. Indirect microstructure measurements of in-situ turbulence suggest that mixing is bottom-enhanced over rough topography, implying downwelling in the interior and stronger upwelling in a sloping bottom boundary layer. Tracer Release Experiments (TREs), in which inert tracers are purposefully released and their dispersion is surveyed over time, have been used to independently infer turbulent diffusivities—but typically provide estimates in excess of microstructure ones. In an attempt to reconcile these differences, Ruan and Ferrari (2021) derived exact tracer-weighted buoyancy moment diagnostics, which we here apply to quasi-realistic simulations. A tracer’s diapycnal displacement rate is exactly twice the tracer-averaged buoyancy velocity, itself a convolution of an asymmetric upwelling/downwelling dipole. The tracer’s diapycnal spreading rate, however, involves both the expected positive contribution from the tracer-averaged in-situ diffusion as well as an additional non-linear diapycnal distortion term, which is caused by correlations between buoyancy and the buoyancy velocity, and can be of either sign. Distortion is generally positive (stretching) due to bottom-enhanced mixing in the stratified interior but negative (contraction) near the bottom. Our simulations suggest that these two effects coincidentally cancel for the Brazil Basin Tracer Release Experiment, resulting in negligible net distortion. By contrast, near-bottom tracers experience leading-order distortion that varies in time. Errors in tracer moments due to realistically sparse sampling are generally small (< 20%), especially compared to the O(1) structural errors due to the omission of distortion effects in inverse models. These results suggest that TREs, although indispensable, should not be treated as “unambiguous” constraints on diapycnal mixing.
Development of a sea-sediment coupled model incorporating ocean bottom heat flux
Authors: Yang Guang-Bing , Xia Changshui , Ju Xia , Zheng Quanan , Yuan Yeli , Xiong Xue-Jun , Qiao Fangli
Published: August 2022

Previous in-situ observations have suggested that bottom water temperature variations in shelf seas can drive significant ocean bottom heat flux (BHF) by heat conduction. The BHF-driven bottom water temperature variations, however, have been overlooked in ocean general circulation models. In this study, we established a sea-sediment fully coupled model through incorporating the BHF. The coupled model included a sediment temperature module/model, and the BHF was calculated based on the sediment heat content variations. Meanwhile, we applied temporally varying BHF in the calculation of the bottom water temperature, which further determined the sediment temperature. The two-way coupled BHF process presents a more complete and physically reasonable heat budget in the ocean model and a synchronously varying sediment temperature profile. The coupled model was validated using a one-dimensional test case, and then it was applied in a domain covering the Bohai and Yellow Seas. The results suggest that when a strong thermocline exists, the BHF can change the bottom water temperature by more than 1°C because the effects of the BHF are limited to within a shallow bottom layer. However, when the water column is well mixed, the BHF changes the temperature of the entire water column, and the heat transported across the bottom boundary is ventilated to the atmosphere. Thus, the BHF has less effect on water temperature and may directly affect air-sea heat flux. The sea-sediment interactions dampen the amplitude of the bottom water temperature variations, which we propose calling the seabed dampening ocean heat content variation mechanism (SDH).
The sea-surface heat flux at a coastal site
Authors: Mahrt L. , Nilsson Erik , Rutgersson Anna
Published: August 2022

We analyze approximately four years of heat-flux measurements at two levels, profiles of air temperature, and multiple measurements of the water temperature collected at a coastal zone site. Our analysis considers underestimation of the sea-surface flux due to vertical divergence of the heat flux between the surface and the lowest flux level. We examine simple relationships of the heat flux to the wind speed and stratification and the potential influence of fetch and temperature advection. The fetch ranges from about 4 km to near 400 km. For a given wind-direction sector, the transfer coefficient varies only slowly with increasing instability, but decreases significantly with increasing stability. The intention here is not to recommend a new parameterization but rather to establish relationships that underly the bulk formula that could lead to assessments of uncertainty and improvement of the bulk formula.
Updates on CYGNSS Ocean Surface Wind Validation in the Tropics
Authors: Asharaf Shakeel , Posselt Derek J. , Said Faozi , Ruf Christopher S.
Published: August 2022

Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R)-based wind retrieval techniques use the global positioning system (GPS) signals scattered from the ocean surface in the forward direction, and can potentially work in all weather conditions. An overview of recent progress made in the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) level-2 surface wind products is given. To this end, four publicly released CYGNSS surface wind products—Science Data Record (SDR) v2.1, SDR v3.0, Climate Data Record (CDR) v1.1, and science wind speed product NOAA v1.1—are validated quantitatively against high-quality data from tropical buoy arrays. The latest released CYGNSS wind products (e.g., CDR v1.1, SDR v3.0, NOAA v1.1), as compared with these tropical buoy data, significantly outperform the SDR v2.1. Moreover, the uncertainty among these products is found to be less than 2 m s−1 root-mean-squared difference, meeting the NASA science mission level-1 uncertainty requirement for wind speeds below 20 m s−1. The quality of the CYGNSS wind is further assessed under different precipitation conditions in low winds, and in large-scale convective regions. Results show that the presence of rain appears to cause a slightly positive wind speed bias in all CYGNSS data. Nonetheless, the outcomes are encouraging for the recently released CYGNSS wind products in general, and for CYGNSS data in regions with precipitating deep convection. The overall comparison indicates a significant improvement in wind speed quality and sample size when going from the older version to any of the newer datasets.
Collaboration among Forecasters to Issue Severe Weather Hazard Information and Warnings Using the Hazard Services–Probabilistic Hazard Information (HS-PHI) Tool
Authors: James Joseph , Ling Chen , Bates Alyssa , Stumpf Gregory J. , Klockow-McClain Kim , Hyland Pat , LaDue Jim , Berry Kodi L. , Manross Kevin
Published: August 2022

This project tested software capabilities and operational implications related to interoffice collaboration during NWS severe weather warning operations within a proposed paradigm, Forecasting A Continuum of Environmental Threats (FACETs). Current NWS policy of each forecast office issuing warnings for an exclusive area of responsibility may result in inconsistent messaging. In contrast, the FACETs paradigm, with object-based, moving probabilistic and deterministic hazard information, could provide seamless information across NWS County Warning Areas (CWAs). An experiment was conducted that allowed NWS forecasters to test new software that incorporates FACETs-based hazard information and potential concepts of operation to improve messaging consistency between adjacent WFOs. Experiment scenarios consisted of a variety of storm and office border interactions, fictional events requiring nowcasts, and directives that mimicked differing inter-WFO warning philosophies. Surveys and semi-structured interviews were conducted to gauge forecasters’ confidence and workload levels, and to discuss potential solutions for interoffice collaboration and software issues. We found that forecasters were able to adapt quickly to the new software and concepts and were comfortable with collaborating with their neighboring WFO in warning operations. Although forecasters felt the software’s collaboration tools enabled them to communicate in a timely manner, adding this collaboration increased their workload when compared to their workload during current warning operations.
Evaluation of the Forecast Performance for Week-2 Winter Surface Air Temperature from the Model for Prediction Across Scales–Atmosphere (MPAS-A)
Authors: Li Wenkai , Song Jinmei , Hsu Pang-chi , Wang Yong
Published: August 2022

The forecast skill for week-2 wintertime surface air temperature (SAT) over the Northern Hemisphere by the Model for Prediction Across Scales–Atmosphere (MPAS-A) is evaluated and compared with operational forecast systems that participate in the Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction project (S2S). An intercomparison of the MPAS against the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) model and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model was performed using 10-yr reforecasts. Comparing the forecast skill for SAT and atmospheric circulation anomalies at a lead of 2 weeks among the three models, the MPAS shows skill lower than the ECMWF model but higher than the CMA model. The gap in skills between the MPAS model and CMA model is not as large as that between the ECMWF model and MPAS model. Additionally, an intercomparison of the MPAS model against 10 S2S models is presented by using real-time forecasts since 2016 stored in the S2S database. The results show that the MPAS model has forecast skill for week-2 to week-4 wintertime SAT comparable to that in most S2S models. The MPAS model tends to be at an intermediate level compared to current operational forecast models.
A Simple Bias and Uncertainty Scheme for Tropical Cyclone Intensity Change Forecasts
Authors: Trabing Benjamin C. , Musgrave K. D. , DeMaria M. , Blake E.
Published: August 2022

To better forecast tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change and understand forecast uncertainty, it is critical to recognize the inherent limitations of forecast models. The distributions of intensity change for statistical–dynamical models are too narrow, and some intensity change forecasts are shown to have larger errors and biases than others. The Intensity Bias and Uncertainty Scheme (IBUS) is developed in an intensity change framework, which estimates the bias and the standard deviation of intensity forecast errors. The IBUS is developed and applied to the Decay Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (DSHP), the Logistic Growth Equation Model (LGEM), and official National Hurricane Center (NHC) forecasts (OFCL) separately. The analysis uses DSHP, LGEM, and OFCL forecasts from 2010 to 2019 in both the Atlantic and east Pacific basins. Each IBUS contains both a bias correction and forecast uncertainty estimate that is tested on the training dataset and evaluated on the 2020 season. The IBUS is able to reduce intensity biases and improve forecast errors beyond 120 h in each model and basin relative to the original forecasts. The IBUS is also able to communicate forecast uncertainty that explains ∼7%–11% of forecast variance at 48 h for DSHP and LGEM in the Atlantic. Better performance is found in the east Pacific at 96 h where the IBUS explains up to 30% of the errors in DSHP and 14% of the errors for LGEM. The IBUS for OFCL explains 9%–13% of the 48-h forecast uncertainty in the Atlantic and east Pacific with up to 30% variance explained for east Pacific forecasts at 96 h. IBUS for OFCL has the capability to provide intensity forecast uncertainty similar to the “cone of uncertainty” for track forecasts.
The long-term electoral implications of conflict escalation: Doubtful doves and the breakdown of Israel’s left–right dichotomy
Authors: Yakter Alon , Tessler Mark
Published: August 2022

What prolonged implications does conflict escalation have on voting behavior? The literature focuses primarily on the immediate effect of violent events on voting in nearby elections, leaving open questions about longer-term consequences. This article examines this question by studying Israel, where violent escalation in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in the early 2000s was followed by an unexpected electoral outcome: the emergence and consolidation of a new centrist bloc that transformed a longstanding Left-Right partisan divide into a three-bloc system. Using two decades of survey data, it is argued that this shift is best explained by a long-term attitudinal change toward the conflict by many Israelis after the escalation. Rather than a strictly hawkish shift, many voters have become ‘Doubtful Doves’: supportive of territorial compromise in principle, but skeptical about reaching an agreement with the Palestinians in practice. This underdiscussed attitudinal structure, dovish but doubtful, has formed a new electoral base for centrist parties, breaking the traditional Left-Right dichotomy. These findings illustrate that violent periods in conflicts can cause non-trivial long-term changes in popular attitude structures and voting patterns, which, under the right conditions, can trigger electoral re-equilibration.
Persistence on challenging tasks mediates the relationship between childhood poverty and mental health problems
Authors: Hao Yu , De France Kalee , Evans Gary W.
Published: August 2022

Childhood disadvantage is associated with psychological distress throughout the lifespan. Poor children are alleged to give up more often than their more privileged peers when facing challenges. Yet little research has examined the role of task persistence in poverty and mental health. We test whether poverty-related deficits in persistence contribute to the well-documented link between childhood disadvantage and mental health. We used growth curve modeling to analyze three waves (ages 9, 13, and 17) of data assessing the trajectories of persistence on challenging tasks and mental health. Childhood poverty is the proportion of time participants lived in poverty from birth to age 9. We found that individuals experiencing more poverty in early childhood demonstrate less persistence and deteriorated mental health from ages 9 to 17. As expected, task persistence accounts for a portion of the robust childhood poverty—worsening mental health association. Clinical research on childhood disadvantage is in the early stages of unpacking underlying reasons why childhood poverty is bad for psychological well-being throughout life, revealing potential points of intervention.
2020 Rossi Award Lecture: The Evolving Art of Program Evaluation
Authors: Brown Randall S.
Published: August 2022

Evaluation of public programs has undergone many changes over the past four decades since Peter Rossi coined his “Iron Law” of program evaluation: “The expected value of any net impact assessment of any large-scale social program is zero.” While that assessment may be somewhat overstated, the essence still holds. The failures far outnumber the successes, and the estimated favorable effects are rarely sizeable. Despite this grim assessment, much can be learned from “failed” experiments, and from ones that are successful in only some sites or subgroups. Advances in study design, statistical models, data, and how inferences are drawn from estimates have substantially improved our analyses and will continue to do so. However, the most actual learning about “what works” (and why, when, and where) is likely to come from gathering more detailed and comprehensive data on how the intervention was implemented and attempting to link that data to estimated impacts. Researchers need detailed data on the target population served, the content of the intervention, and the process by which it is delivered to participating service providers and individuals. Two examples presented here illustrate how researchers drew useful broader lessons from impact estimates for a set of related programs. Rossi posited three reasons most interventions fail—wrong question, wrong intervention, poor implementation. Speeding the accumulation of wisdom about how social programs can best help vulnerable populations will require that researchers work closely with program funders, developers, operators, and participants to gather and interpret these detailed data about program implementation.
Compressive Properties of Poly (Dimethylsiloxane)–Hollow Glass Microballoons Syntactic Foams
Authors: Upadhyay Alok , Ullas AV
Published: August 2022

Polymer syntactic foams are lightweight polymer composites that are prepared by introducing hollow microspheres in a resin. The main endeavour is to obtain a significant reduction in the weight of the composite along with energy absorption. The present investigation aims to prepare poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-hollow glass microballoons (HGM) (40–60% v/v) syntactic foams. Not only did HGM reduce the density of the syntactic foams but also act as a reinforcing phase and increase the compressive properties of PDMS. A ∼25% reduction in density was obtained in syntactic foam when compared to the neat elastomer. Similarly, an improvement of ∼118% in compressive strength was attained at 40% loading of HGM in PDMS. Specific compressive strength and toughness values also registered improvements of the order of ∼191 and ∼240% respectively which highlight the potential of PDMS syntactic foams in varied applications.
Plastic wrinkling of thin-walled tubes under axial compression in non-uniform temperature field
Authors: Cui Xiao-Lei , Guo Ju , Wen Shi-Yu , Wu Xiu-Min , Lin Peng
Published: August 2022

The main purpose of this paper is to reveal the wrinkling behavior of thin-walled tubes under axial compression in a non-uniform temperature field formed by induction heating on a local position. The distribution of non-uniform temperature fields induced by induction heating and the wrinkling behavior of tubes under axial compression were studied by combining experiments and simulations. Moreover, the thickness and hardness distribution of the wrinkled tube were analyzed. The results show that the maximum temperature difference along axial direction of 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy tubes can reach 129.1°C and 134.7°C in experiments, respectively. In the non-uniform temperature field with a maximum temperature of 250°C, axisymmetric wrinkles can be formed under axial compression on the tubes. With the increase of axial compression, the wrinkle width gradually decreases and its height gradually increases. The contour shape of wrinkles can be fitted accurately with GaussAmp function. There is an obvious thickening phenomenon on the wrinkles and the thickest point is located on the wrinkle top, where the thickness gradually increases with increasing the axial compression. In addition, the microhardness at the wrinkles is lower than that of the original tubes. It decreases with the increase in axial compression. The maximum reduction of microhardness of 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy tubes at the wrinkles are 41.6% and 17%, respectively. This study not only can provide tube blank with useful wrinkles for hydroforming, but also can provide experimental data for establishing buckling theory of inhomogeneous tube shells.
A novel rail corrugation suppressor using synergistic mechanism of vibration absorption and damping
Authors: Zhao Caiyou , Lei Jiaxin , Liu Kai , Chen Rong , wang Ping
Published: August 2022

Rail corrugation increases the intensity of interaction between the wheel and the rail, make the vehicle and track vibrate more strongly, and increase the rolling noise. Based on the fixed corrugation wavelength mechanism, this paper determines the required corrugation wavelength to be controlled using field investigations. A new type of corrugation suppressor is developed that combines a dynamic vibration absorber and a labyrinth damper. The purpose of the suppressor is to realize wide-band vibration resistance and energy consumption, and to control the vibrations in a specific frequency band. By analyzing the vibration transmission characteristics of a typical small-radius curved subway track, it is verified that the device can flatten the rail dynamic response function, suppress the pinned-pinned resonance of rail, and increase the transmission attenuation rate of rail vibrations. A coupled rigid-flexible model of vehicle and curved track is established. The rail vibration and corrugation growth rate before and after installing the suppressor are compared. The suppressor can reduce the 1000 Hz vibrations by 10.1 dB and decrease the medium and high frequency vibrations of the rail by 5.6 dB. At the same time, it can attenuate the rail corrugation growth rate near 500 Hz and between 700-1000 Hz. A field tracking test showed that the suppressor can effectively inhibit the initiation of 15-30 mm wavelength corrugation.
An overview of aerodynamic performance analysis of vertical axis wind turbines
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Shahzad Aamer , Qadri M. Nafees Mumtaz
Published: August 2022

In this paper, an attempt has been made to highlight major developments of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) in the last few decades. The effects of various design parameters such as airfoil, number of blades, solidity, aspect ratio, blade helicity, and overlap ratio have been critically analyzed. Wind energy is the most promising renewable, cost-effective, efficient, and accessible source for both domestic and commercial applications. Horizontal axis wind turbines are highly developed and are being used for medium-to-large scale power projects. VAWT are considered viable options for urban and semi-urban areas. These turbines have several characteristics, such as omnidirectional, power generation in weak and unstable winds, esthetically sound, safety, and low noise. Darrieus turbines with a fixed blade-type have starting problems at low wind speeds. Savonius turbines have good starting capability; however, their power coefficients are lower than other types of VAWT. To overcome the shortcomings of conventional wind turbines, an innovative engineering solution was sought in the design of hybrid VAWT. The analysis revealed that hybrid wind turbines have addressed the deficiencies to an extent; however, the overall performance is still less than that of conventional wind turbines. Several recommendations have been made based on state-of-the-art information from the perspective of future studies and acceptability. It was concluded that vast opportunities for wind turbine applications are available in urban areas; however, further academic research is required on critical aspects such as self-starting at low wind speeds, efficiency, structural reliability, design improvement for aerodynamic performance, and wind resource assessment.
Karl Barth and Catholic Theology: Does Barth Undo the Deep Grammar of Nicene Faith?
Authors: Molnar Paul D.
Published: August 2022

This article explores Bruce Marshall's objections to Barth's doctrine of God and his view of salvation. Whereas Marshall's key objection to Barth's doctrine of God centers on his view that “Barth equates who God is with what God does” and that this assertion, when carried out consistently, “undoes the deep grammar of the Nicene faith—the Catholic faith,” I demonstrate that Marshall has misread Barth by assuming that he has collapsed the immanent Trinity into the economic Trinity. Marshall thinks that for Barth, “God simply has no being other than his being for us.” I explain that Barth always made a key distinction between the eternal self-sufficient being and act of God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit and his free and loving actions toward us in the economy.
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Total Rehabilitation of a Secondary Type Ameloblastic Carcinoma
Authors: Schuch Lauren Frenzel , Dummel Carolina , Ribeiro Julia Turra , Zieger Renata de Almeida , Carrard Vinícius Coelho , Bittencourt Raquel , Martins Marco Antonio Trevizani , Martins Manoela Domingues
Published: August 2022

Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is an uncommon malignant odontogenic tumor, with about 200 cases published in the literature. Here, we report a case of AC occurring in the maxilla - at the same anatomical location of an ameloblastoma 8 years earlier. A 23-year-old woman with maxillary swelling of 6-month duration was referred to our service. Extraoral examination revealed a swelling over the right side of the face, lifting her lip and nose. Intraorally, a firm, reddish, nodular swelling involving the right maxilla was observed. Computed tomography showed a hypodense image invading the right maxilla, maxillary sinus, and nasal fossa. An incisional biopsy was performed, followed by histopathologic examination and an immunohistochemical panel, which led to the diagnosis of AC. The lesion was treated with partial maxillectomy followed by immediate rehabilitation. Neither local recurrence of the tumor nor distant metastasis was observed during a 4-year follow-up. AC is a highly malignant lesion which requires aggressive therapy. Its diagnosis should be based on combined clinical, imaging, and pathological manifestations in order to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Measuring Loneliness in Different Age Groups: The Measurement Invariance of the UCLA Loneliness Scale
Authors: Panayiotou Margarita , Badcock Johanna C. , Lim Michelle H. , Banissy Michael J. , Qualter Pamela
Published: August 2022

Age differences in the prevalence of loneliness have been a key focus among researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. However, the degree to which those reflect genuine differences in the experience of loneliness or the way individuals understand and respond to loneliness measures is yet to be examined. The current study explored the age measurement invariance of the 20-item Revised University of California Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LSR) and its shorter forms in a U.K. sample of adults aged 18 to 99 years ( M = 50.6, SD = 19.7). The fit of different structures/versions was explored through multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; N = 4,375) and local structural equation modeling ( N = 19,521). Results indicated a poor and/or inconsistent structure for the 20-item UCLA-LSR and many of its shorter forms. Of the structures considered, 12 showed acceptable model fit and received age measurement invariance testing through multigroup CFA and alignment; 10 of these achieved full, partial, or approximate measurement invariance. Our findings suggest that the age measurement invariance of loneliness measures should not be assumed, and crucially, this must be explored before accurate and meaningful age comparisons can be made. Implications for measurement research, and clinical and community practice, are discussed.
Stigma, Mental Health, and Health care Use Among Rural Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals
Authors: Jenkins Wiley D. , Walters Suzan , Phillips Gregory , Green Kanicia , Fenner Emma , Bolinski Rebecca , Spenner Allison , Luckey Georgia
Published: August 2022

Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) frequently experience depression and health care-related stigma. Health care satisfaction is important for seeking care, but little is known about SGM health care satisfaction, and especially as it relates to depression among rural SGM. From May 25 to July 2, 2021, we surveyed rural Illinois (IL) individuals aged ≥18 years on the topics of demographics, depression, health care satisfaction, past health care experiences, internalized stigma, and victimization. Among the 398 respondents, the gender identity distribution included cisgender males and females (171 and 203, respectively) and transgender males and females (8 and 7, respectively), while sexual orientation included heterosexuals (114), gay/lesbians (143), and other orientations (141). Analyses were conducted with respect to both identity and orientation (and their interaction). In univariate analysis, transgender individuals were more likely than cisgender to screen positive for depression and less likely to report feeling accepted by their medical provider. Compared to heterosexual respondents, gay/lesbians and other orientations were more likely to screen positive for depression. In logistic regression, factors associated with increased risk of depression included nonheterosexual orientation and past poor health care experiences. In linear regression, factors most commonly associated with the seven satisfaction subscales include: sexual orientation, past poor experiences, and employment. There were significant differences in depression across both sexual orientation and gender identity, and in health care satisfaction by sexual orientation. Rural SGMs are more vulnerable to depression and less likely to report satisfactory care. As health care engagement is critical for screening and care adherence, engaging rural SGM in a routine and satisfactory fashion is needed.
Determining scalar illuminance from cubic illuminance data. Part 2: Tests in real lighting environments and an approach to improve its accuracy
Authors: Xia L , Gu Y , Liu X , Zhang T , Xu R
Published: August 2022

Scalar illuminance, which describes the constant illumination from all directions, is an important indicator of the abundance of light for a lit object and the adequacy of illumination perceived. This paper proposes a more reliable method to recover scalar illuminance based on tests in natural complex lighting environments. The performance of Cuttle’s Approach 1, Mangkuto’s Approach 2 and Approach 3, together with Xia et al.’s potential Approach 4, were tested under a total of 610 high dynamic range (HDR) panoramic maps of real scenes. The relationships between predicted scalar illuminance and normalised diffuseness levels were checked. The results indicate that the potential Approach 4 is more robust to the cubic meter’s postures, and the predicted scalar illuminance has a regular relationship with normalised diffuseness levels. Approach 4 was corrected, together with Approach 1, formulating a new method named Approach 5S. Later, the proposed Approach 5S was evaluated under 205 indoor and 2233 outdoor panoramas from the Laval HDR databases, and it was shown to recover more reliable scalar illuminance with an average error within 5% in general. This study has provided a practical solution to more accurate vector illuminance-based metrics in real lighting environments. This algorithm can be further integrated into the development of cubic illumination meter instruments.
Structural Changes in the Arcuate Fasciculus and Recovery of Post-stroke Aphasia: A 6-Month Follow-up Study using Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Authors: Bae Cho Rong , Na Yoonhye , Cho Minjae , Hwang Yu Mi , Tae Woo-Suk , Pyun Sung-Bom
Published: August 2022

Background

Temporal changes in the structural connectivity of major language tracts after stroke and their contribution to aphasia recovery are unclear.

Objective

To investigate longitudinal arcuate fasciculus (AF) integrity changes and their relationship with post-stroke aphasia recovery using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Methods

Thirty-five patients with aphasia due to first-ever left hemispheric stroke underwent the Korean version of the Western Aphasia Battery and DTI at 1- and 6-month post stroke onset. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) of both AF tracts were analyzed to evaluate the temporal changes in tract integrity and determine the correlation between changes (Δ; follow-up − initial) in DTI parameters and language scores.

Results

At 6 months post-stroke, the mean FA decreased, and mean MD and RD increased in both hemispheres; however, compared with mean AD observed after 1 month, the mean observed at 6 months increased only in the left hemisphere ( P < .05). ΔFA of the left AF and proportional change in the aphasia quotient showed a significant positive correlation ( r = 0.365, P = .031). No correlation was found between changes in the right AF parameters and language score. The group with increased FA in the left AF showed more significant language improvement than the group with decreased FA.

Conclusions:

During the subacute stage, the integrity of AF decreased in both hemispheres in patients with aphasia, and the change in structural connectivity of the left AF was associated with language improvement.
Biosorptive Potential of Pseudomonas species RY12 Toward Zinc Heavy Metal in Agriculture Soil Irrigated with Contaminated Waste Water
Authors: Yasmin Riffat , Zafar Muhammad Shoaib , Tahir Imtiaz Mahmood , Asif Rizwan , Asghar Samra , Raza Syed Kashif
Published: August 2022

Industrial waste is mainly responsible for accumulating Zn (II) in the soil, which needs to be removed to avoid its bioaccumulation and hazardous effects on the environment. In a recent study, the potential of the RY12 strain was evaluated as a biosorbent of Zn (II) ions in an aqueous medium. Different microbiological techniques like biochemical, molecular characterization, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used for the identification of RY12. The impact of different parameters such as the initial zinc ion concentration, pH, temperature, and the removal of other metals such as manganese, lead, cobalt, silver, copper, mercury, and chromium was also evaluated on the reduction of Zn (II). Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was also carried out to investigate the role of cellular surfaces in the sorption of Zn+2 ions. Both biochemical and phylogenetic analyses established that strain RY12 Pseudomonas sp. capable of reducing Zn+2 up to 89% at 28°C (pH = 6.5; initial Zn+2 concentration = 200 mg/L). The FTIR analysis revealed that the bacterial cell wall’s amino, carboxyl, and phosphate groups were involved in the reaction with Zn (II). Our findings suggest that Pseudomonas sp. RY12 is a proficient bacterium for removing zinc from industrial waste and could be a valuable bioremediation agent.
Doxorubicin-loaded Mn-doped SiO2 nanospheres coated with carboxymethyl chitosan: fabrication, characterization, and in vitro evaluation
Authors: Ji Lili , Zheng Han , Li Shuangyan , Li Dehui , Gao Qiao , Yang Jing
Published: August 2022

This work describes the preparation of manganese-doped mesoporous silica nanospheres via an in situ doping method. The results of scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption demonstrate that mesoporous silica possesses a spherical shape, a highly porous structure, a large specific surface area of 922.21 m2 g−1, and a pore volume of 0.257 cm3 g−1. The mesoporous silica nanocarrier is loaded with doxorubicin, and carboxymethyl chitosan encapsulation is performed to prevent doxorubicin leakage. The easy release characteristics of manganese under acidic conditions and the swelling properties of carboxymethyl chitosan endow the drug-loading system with an excellent pH/responsive release property. A cytotoxicity test shows that mesoporous silica nanospheres–doxorubicin–carboxymethyl chitosan had significant biocompatibility and enhanced cytotoxicity, thus revealing mesoporous silica nanospheres–doxorubicin–carboxymethyl chitosan as a promising delivery system.
Preparing patients for surgery: Perioperative care and general practice
Authors: Morgan Robert WB , Samuel Katie , Heller Rosalie
Published: August 2022

Perioperative care challenges the integration of community and hospital multidisciplinary teams to prepare patients for surgery from the moment a patient considers undergoing an operation to the later recovery from surgery. Primary care has a role in the perioperative pathway, for example, in the management of long-term conditions and in identifying treatable pathology ahead of surgery. There are many factors beyond the control of primary care that compromise the optimisation of patients’ long-term conditions or even their general health ahead of planned surgery. However, there may be opportunities to optimise patients’ relevant comorbidities when surgery is first contemplated during the increasingly protracted period before surgery. Preoperative assessment clinics (POACs) are integral to perioperative care and present an opportunity to address specific issues relating to the day of surgery and to answer patients’ questions. Often POACs see patients with long-term conditions not optimised for surgery. This is a late, and less than ideal, opportunity to prepare patients for surgery. This article seeks to identify earlier opportunities to effectively improve the preparation of patients for surgery and to avoid postponement of surgery.
A Study of Femicide in Turkey From 2010 to 2017
Authors: Koç Güneş
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a Turkey-wide analysis of 1,000 femicide cases, collected from 100 newspapers between 2010 and 2017. The study seeks to contribute to the international femicide literature by highlighting the background and reasons for these murders, as characterized by the newspapers. The methodology involved frequency and chi-square analysis of the data retrieved from 100 newspapers collected from the homepage of kadincinayetleri.org. The study reveals that a woman’s intimate partner is the perpetrator in the highest number of femicide cases. The most common motives for femicides in international micro-level studies are (1) possessiveness and jealousy and (2) loss, separation, or divorce. The present study found these to be the first- and third-highest motives for femicide in Turkey. The motives of femicides can be interpreted in the macro-level analysis as women’s resistance to men’s domination; their demand for control over women escalates to murdering the woman as a form of backlash.
Research Progress of Green Marketing in Sustainable Consumption based on CiteSpace Analysis
Authors: Geng Yuqing , Maimaituerxun Mukasar
Published: August 2022

The involvement of green marketing in sustainable consumption is becoming a hot topic in recent decades. However, the co-themed studies of these two terms are relatively less sufficient, and more detailed integrated research should be processed. This study uses CiteSpace to do bibliometric analysis regarding the knowledge structure and evolution of green marketing in sustainable consumption with visualization. Results show that green marketing in sustainable consumption is a prosperous topic with increasing annual publications. Besides, there are relatively complicated collaboration networks among institutions and strong extensive cross-regional collaborations, and the most productive authors may not be highly cited, which contradicts with former results of other studies. Furthermore, “green,” “consumption,” “sustainability,” and “consumer” are more welcomed in this research domain and are at the dominating status in the recent studies; some new research directions have emerged, and research focuses are more diversified, implying the multidisciplinary and comprehensiveness nature of this research domain. This study enjoys novelties by combining green marketing and sustainable consumption, constructing a knowledge framework of this domain, revealing current gaps, and proposing key research directions in the future, which cover the deficiencies of former studies and enrich the knowledge system, and are significant references for scholars to explore the research of this domain in the future more effectively and efficiently.
Global Validation of the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification: Geographic Region Affects Reliability and Reproducibility
Authors: Lambrechts Mark J. , Schroeder Gregory D. , Karamian Brian A. , Canseco Jose A. , Bransford Richard , Oner Cumhur , Benneker Lorin M. , Kandziora Frank , Shanmuganathan Rajasekaran , Kanna Rishi , Joaquim Andrei F. , Chapman Jens R , Vialle Emiliano , El-Sharkawi Mohammad , Dvorak Marcel , Schnake Klaus , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. ,   AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification International Members
Published: August 2022

Study Design

Global Survey

Objective

To determine the accuracy, interobserver reliability, and intraobserver reproducibility of the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System based on surgeons’ AO Spine region of practice (Africa, Asia, Central/South America, Europe, Middle East, and North America).

Methods

A total of 275 AO Spine members assessed 25 upper cervical spine injuries and classified them according to the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System. Reliability, reproducibility, and accuracy scores were obtained over two assessments administered at three-week intervals. Kappa coefficients (ƙ) determined the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility.

Results

On both assessments, participants from Europe and North America had the highest classification accuracy, while participants from Africa and Central/South America had the lowest accuracy ( P < .0001). Participants from Africa (assessment 1 (AS1):ƙ = .487; AS2:0.491), Central/South America (AS1:ƙ = .513; AS2:0.511), and the Middle East (AS1:0.591; AS2: .599) achieved moderate reliability, while participants from North America (AS1:ƙ = .673; AS2:0.648) and Europe (AS1:ƙ = .682; AS2:0.681) achieved substantial reliability. Asian participants obtained substantial reliability on AS1 (ƙ = .632), but moderate reliability on AS2 (ƙ = .566). Although there was a large effect size, the low number of participants in certain regions did not provide adequate certainty that AO regions affected the likelihood of participants having excellent reproducibility ( P = .342).

Conclusions

The AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System can be applied with high accuracy, interobserver reliability, and intraobserver reproducibility. However, lower classification accuracy and reliability were found in regions of Africa and Central/South America, especially for severe atlas injuries (IIB and IIC) and atypical hangman’s type fractures (IIIB injuries).
Is Dichotomization into Regular versus Irregular Dental Attenders Valid? A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: van der Zande M.M. , Exley C.E. , Freeman R. , Thetford C. , Harris R.V.
Published: August 2022

Aims:

To discover whether dental visiting behavior can be understood as a dichotomy of planned versus problem based, or whether there were a range of different types of understanding and patient behavior, recognizable as patterns of dental visiting behavior.

Methods:

Secondary analysis drawing on 2 qualitative studies of patients’ accounts of dental attendance and oral health, with 1) opportunistic interviews with people attending urgent dental care services ( n = 43; including 19 with follow-up) and 2) home-based, in-depth interviews with people attending a dental practice with a mixture of improved or deteriorated/poor periodontal health ( n = 25).

Results:

Four distinguishable patterns of dental visiting were identified in patients’ accounts: Accepting and Active Monitoring, as well as Ambivalent and Active Problem-based dental visiting behavior. Individuals’ patterns were relatively stable over time but could shift at turning points. Accepting Monitors were characterized as accepting dentists’ recommendations and dental practice policies relating to oral health and visits, whereas Active Monitors were more independent in judging how often to attend for preventive appointments, while still valuing anticipatory care. Ambivalent Problem–based visitors placed a relatively low value on anticipatory care for oral health maintenance and drifted into lapsed attendance, in part because of service-related factors. This contrasted with Active Problem–based visitors, for whom using services only in an emergency was a conscious decision, with low value placed on anticipatory care.

Conclusion:

This article demonstrates the dynamic nature of patterns of dental visiting where the dental system itself is partly instrumental in shaping patterns of utilization in an ecological way. Thus, service-related factors tend to combine with patients’ behavior in expanding inequalities. This illuminates the reasons why risk-based recalls are challenging to implement as a dental policy.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

The results of this analysis can be used by clinicians and policymakers to inform policy around supporting uptake of preventive health care visits, contributing in particular to understanding how risk-based preventive visiting policies may be better adapted to patients’ understanding of the purpose of visits, taking into account that this is in part shaped by service-related factors in an ecological way, arising from patients’ and dental teams’ expectations.
Interdisciplinary Notes on the Dual Nature of Disability: Disrupting Ideology–Ontology Circuits in Racial Disparities Research
Authors: Artiles Alfredo J.
Published: August 2022

Research on racial and linguistic disparities in disability identification must be grounded on the dual nature of disability as an object of protection and a tool of stratification. This dual nature requires a situated research approach to understand the stratifying power of disability—Who is targeted? Where? How? By whom and to what consequences? I contrast this perspective with the traditional research approach that privileges a deficit and colorblind framing of racial disparities. The application of a colorblind ideology enables researchers to envision students of color as innately damaged and in need of remediation; thus, forming ideology–ontology circuits. I offer three strategies to disrupt these circuits in future learning disabilities research, namely the elimination of colorblind research strategies, the adoption of a historical imagination, and the discontinuation of Black and Brown abstractions.