bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Meshing Transmission of Arc Gear by Central Distance Error
Authors: Ren Zhong Yi
Published: February 2014

Arc-gear is sensitive to central distance error, but there havent any literature give detailed proof for how does it sensitive to central distance error. In this article, contact line was analysised, and find that meshing point will move along tooth profile, tansmission ratio will change, overtaking phenomenon appears when there has central distance error, this will cause vibration and noise. The research results is useful for improve arc-gear drive performance.
Research on the Faults due to Bearing-Gear Mismatching in Gearbox of Wind Turbine Generator
Authors: Zeng Cheng Zhi , Tang De Yao , Gao Yi
Published: February 2014

In order to lower down the fault rate of bearings and gears, tighten up the mechanical components safety and lengthen their lifetime, a new design method [ has occurred by matching bearings with gears. Whereas, this methodology is based on the simple transmission system, and it seems not applicable in more complicated transmission systems, such as gearboxes in doubly-fed wind turbine generators, which really need to be further studied, and thats where the topic of this article lies. By doing research on the bearing-gear matching design of planetary gear system in gearbox of wind turbine generator, equations are worked out. Succeedingly, by verifying the data from simulating experiments and on-site cases, it turns out that the spectrum characteristics of those two kinds of data match with each other correctly, and as a consequence, the new matching design is thus proved to be available.
Symmetric Fusion Frames with Several Generators
Authors: Li Jin Zhou , Yang Xiu Qin
Published: February 2014

Frame theory plays an important role in field of the engineering and technology because of their redundancy properties. In this paper, symmetric fusion frames with several generators are constructed from any fusion frames given, which generalizes the existing result to the case of several generators. This way makes the amount of wavelets largely increase.
Multidimensional Waveform Encoding for Oil Spoil Detection
Authors: Xu Di Jian , Zeng Jian Kui
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we present a new algorithm for the signal design in radar whose function is oil spill segmentation, using the minimum description length (MDL) principle and a polygonal active grid. This algorithm is based on two steps: a first partitioning step into homogeneous signals and a second classification step with an automatic thresholding. The obtained method allows one to find a optimal signals for radar.
SVM Classification Model Parameters Optimized by Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Mao Qing Hua , Ma Hong Wei , Zhang Xu Hui
Published: February 2014

SVM classification model has been widely applied to mechanical equipment fault diagnosis and material defects classification. It is difficult to choose the optimal value of penalty factor C and kernel function parameter for SVM model. Therefore, an improved genetic algorithm to optimize SVM parameters is put forward, which improves crossover and mutation operators and enhances convergence properties by using the best individual retention strategy. UCI data set is used to verify the algorithm. The testing results show that the algorithm can quickly and effectively select optimal SVM parameters and improve SVM classification accuracy.
Research on Impulsive Lurie Systems with Time-Delay
Authors: Li Xue Jun
Published: February 2014

Based on stability theory of impulsive differential equation and new comparison theory of impulsive differential system, some simple yet less conservative criteria ensuring impulsive synchronization of the Lurie systems are derived. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
Calibration Technology and Axial Error Correction Method
Authors: Li Hui Feng , Zhu Wei Kang , Xue Guo Hu , Xu Xian Chun , Di Li Ping
Published: February 2014

To meet the demand of ship-board TT&C equipment measurement precision, its necessary to calibrate the equipment to define the error parameters. And the error parameters should be suitable for the revising model. Based on the research of instrumentation ships calibration technology and angle error revising theory of the ship-board TT$C equipment, this article found the error of the revising model of the ship-board TT&C equipment and bring forward the updated model how to revise the angle error by calibration for zero method, which solved the problem that azimuth error aperiodically arises.
Analyses on Target Tracking under Quantized Communication
Authors: Peng Huan Xin , Wang Wen Kai , Liu Bin
Published: February 2014

In the paper, we address the problem of target tracking with quantized communication. While the probabilistic distributed function of the measurement is unknown, in order to simplify the calculations of target tracking system and improve the accuracy of estimation, we propose a Kalman filter under uniformly probabilistic quantization, and analyze the performance of the probabilistic quantization Kalman filter. Simulations results are provided to verify the performance of the target tracking system under uniformly probabilistic quantization.
Pseudo Two-Hop Distributed Consensus with Adaptive Quantization
Authors: Peng Huan Xin , Wang Wen Kai , Liu Bin
Published: February 2014

In order to improve the accuracy and the convergence rate of distributed consensus under quantized communication, in the paper, based on adaptive quantization scheme, we propose the pseudo two-hop distributed consensus algorithm. By analyses and simulations, Results show that the pseudo two-hop distributed consensus algorithm based on adaptive quantization can reach an average consensus, and its convergence rate is higher than that of the first-order adaptive quantized distributed consensus algorithm, moreover, the mean square errors are smaller within the finite steps.
Research on the On-Line Monitoring and Control System of Lithium Battery Pole Piece Surface Density
Authors: Zhu Guo Dong , Sun Xuan , Ai Chang Sheng
Published: February 2014

For the question of surface density controlled by manual measurement in production process and low quality and inefficiency, we designed the on-line monitoring and control system based on capacitive sensor. The principle is capacitive sensor can convert the surface density variation to the capacitance variation, after operational amplifier, rectifier circuit and filter circuit we can get the voltage signal related to surface density of lithium battery pole piece. The voltage signal through the A/D input module into the PLC for data processing, according to the results we can adjust the coat blade degree real-time. This will achieve the purpose of surface density uniformity. Using this system to replace traditional methods, the lithium battery pole piece surface density can be measured in intelligent, controlled in real-time and non-contact mode with high precision. And this system can improve the quality of lithium battery and the production efficiency, also with great reliability and feasibility.
Research on Cutting Force Simulation for Francis Hydro Turbine’s Blade Based on VERICUT
Authors: Wu Lei , Yin Yan Chao , Xiong Zhuang , Yan Yi Long
Published: February 2014

Hydro turbine blade is a very complex body closed by sculptured surface, and reasonable cutting parameters are very important for the quality of Francis Hydro Turbine blades and machining efficiency. An implementation method of digital cutting force simulation was proposed in this paper for Francis Hydro Turbines Blade based on VERICUT. Firstly ,cutting parameters can be extracted by the secondary development of VERICUT, and the forecasting process of cutting force have been established under the different parameters in theVERICUT. Then we can obtain the change of cutting force by adjusting cutting parameters in the process of digital machining simulation, and the influence of cutting parameter on cutting force was analyzed. Finally, the case study on the Hydro turbine blade has been conducted, and its application results are remarkable.
Application of a New Kind of Wavelet Threshold De-Noising Method in Partial Discharge Signals
Authors: Xu Cheng Long , Yu Hong , Du Bi Qiang , Li Jun , Liu Ze Kun , He Yun Hua
Published: February 2014

In order to more effectively remove noise in partial discharge signals, it is proposed a new threshold selection method in this paper. This method firstly takes the signals before the partial discharge starting to happen as only contain noise signal, and then applies a wavelet transform to the only contain noise signal. Secondly record every detail part and the maximum value of wavelet coefficients of last layer approximation part, and take this value as its layer threshold. And then applies a wavelet transform to the partial discharge signals which contains noises. Next is to process wavelet coefficient of each layer using the selected threshold. Finally, the already handled wavelet coefficients is used to reconstruction the signals. The whole process of threshold choosing is automatic without human intervention. Simulation experiment show that compared with the traditional threshold selection method, this method can be better to remove the noise of the partial discharge signals, and it has a strong practical value.
Modeling and Simulation of Airflow Level Posture Sensor
Authors: Yang Qi Rui , Piao Lin Hua , Tian Wen Jie
Published: February 2014

Modeling technology and simulation for micro-mechanical gas-flow level-gesture sensor is explained. Through ANSYS-FLOTRAN CFD program and by means of a series of procedures, such as 3d-modeling, network modifying, loads applying and equation solving, FEM analysis has been obtained. In order to analyze more conveniently and feasibly, By setting up several rational mechanics model schemes and using the method of cutting partial volume modeling, it has saved the massive time and the energy; The skills such as meshed times without number and the key-line meshed in even advanced the veracity and the calculation progress of simulation results.3d-modeling provides a more effective road for optimization of gas-flow level-gesture sensor.
Analysis of Electromagnetic Field in a Modular Joint
Authors: Li Lu , Feng Bao Lin
Published: February 2014

Electromagnetic components with coils, soft and hard magnetic materials of different power are assembled in modular joints, the coupling of magnetic fields in which has impact on other electrical components. The electromagnetic field of joint studied in this paper is mostly from the motor and safe brake. Firstly, the electromagnetic field of torque motor is analyzed by 2D model, the electromagnetic fields produced by coil current and permanent magnet are compared, the results show that the field produced by coil is much smaller, which can be omitted in the 3D model. The coupling electromagnetic field of torque motor and safe brake is analyzed by simplified 3D model; the field distribution curve is built with position change. Calculating the field distribution can be used to properly design the placement of electrical components such as sensors to avoid the magnetic interference. The experiment shows that adjusting the position according to the analysis results can solve the problem of magnetic encoder instability.
Design of Lifting System in Seals of the Hydraulic Support Eccentric Loading Test Bench Based on PLC and Stepper Motor
Authors: Zhang Xi , Wang Da Long , Liu Xin Xing , Yu Miao , Xia Peng , Wang Yan Yan
Published: February 2014

Make use of programmable logic controller (PLC) to control stepper motor to drive the lift of seals of the hydraulic support eccentric loading test bench, in order to make the test bench meet the demand of eccentric loading. Using the Mitsubishi FX series PLC as an example, introduce the methods and principles and realization of lifting action.
Design of Acceleration Slip Regulation System Based on Vehicle Test Platform
Authors: Hou Shun Yan , Li Zhi Yuan , Yang Zhan Feng
Published: February 2014

In order to improve vehicle acceleration performance on low adhesion roads, an acceleration slip regulation (ASR) is designed with combination control of engine throttle and braking interference based on vehicle platform and fuzzy control algorithm. The principle of ASR system and control logic are described in detail, and the vehicle tests have been carried out. The results show that the controller can effectively prevent excessive spinning of driving wheels on low adhesion roads, and greatly improve the vehicle acceleration performance. It provides a test platform to further study of vehicle active safety control.
HIL Simulation of Electric Bus Self-Adaptive Differential Technology
Authors: Jin Li Qiang , He Gang , Deng Fei
Published: February 2014

Having studied Adaptive differential technology of In-wheel motor driving midibus, analyzed the differences in terms of self-adaptive differential between traditional cars and in-wheel motor drive cars by comparison, introduced the method to realize the adaptive differential technology. By building the hardware in loop simulation of model electric bus, simulation including step steering, sine steering and steady turning conditions, we verify the in-wheel motor driving midibus under various driving conditions has good self-adaptive differential performance.
Forward Kinematic Modeling and Simulation of Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMC) Actuators for Bionic Knee Joint
Authors: Farid Muhammad , Gang Zhao , Khuong Tran Linh , Sun Zhuang Zhi
Published: February 2014

Ionic Polymer Composite Material (IPMC) is a flexible material and has revealed many advantages to encourage the scientists and researchers to investigate its characteristics for practical applications in various fields. The ongoing research can be divided into two branches. One deals with the improvement of the material properties to make it more useful and reliable while the other involves the exploration of new application areas. In this paper, Firstly, a new application of IPMC is suggested to actuate a rigid link that can mimic a bionic knee joint for a grass hopper manipulator. Secondly, forward kinematic model is proposed for the manipulator by employing geometric coordinate system method. Lastly, wolfram mathematica software is employed for the simulation of the model. The simulation results based on the model are found very encouraging to lure the article team to carry on the research idea for manufacturing and testing for the comparison of both types of results.
A Machinery Arm System Controlled by EEG
Authors: Wang Yan Zhao , Liang Gui Hao , Zhang Jian
Published: February 2014

The following description illustrates the implementation of an EEG-based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) for control of robotic arm utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) rhythms. The signals are collected with a headset witch denoises and classifies sampling signals adopting Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Kalman filter. These signals are deciphered to signals that can be eventually understood by certain machine, and then transmitted to a single-chip system by employing Bluetooth Module. Signals received by end-user machine will be compiled into control commands by MCU system and these commands are used to control actions of a robotic arm. Keywords: electroencephalogram;EEG;brain computer interface;BCI;MCU;robotic arm
Study on Analog Control Experimental Training Using PLC
Authors: Song Xiao Na
Published: February 2014

This paper introduces a noval analog control experimental teaching project using PLC. Different from traditional thought, in this project, the analog signals are input into PLC to operate and control. The ultimate aim is to introduce analog control method to PLC experimental training. The designed experiment integrates analog and logic control, which can make the training course abundant. Such experimental training is close to engineering application and can improve the understanding capability for industry control knowledge. Training practice indicates that such comprehensive experimental project can improve the students practice capability effectively.
Study of Microstructure, Texture and Residual Stress in Asymmetrically Rolled Titanium
Authors: Wronski Marcin , Wierzbanowski Krzysztof , Pytlik Lucjan , Bacroix Brigitte , Wróbel Mirosław , Baczmański Andrzej , Lodini Alain
Published: February 2014

Asymmetric rolling is a promising forming technique offering numerous possibilities of material properties modification and the improvement of technological process parameters. This geometry of deformation is relatively easy to implement on existing industrial rolling mills. Moreover, it can provide large volume of a material with modified properties. The study of microstructure, crystallographic texture and residual stress in asymmetrically rolled titanium (grade 2) is presented in this work. The above characteristics were examined using EBSD technique and X-ray diffraction. The rolling asymmetry was realized using two identical rolls, driven by independent motors, rotating with different angular velocities ω1 and ω2. This ensured a wide range of rolling asymmetry: A=ω1/ω2. It was found that a strong shear stress induced in the asymmetrically rolled material allowed to obtain a microstructure refinement, texture homogenization and lowering of residual stress.
Influence of Beam Divergence on Pseudo-Strain Induced in Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Suzuki Hiroshi , Harjo Stefanus , Abe Jun , Akita Koichi
Published: February 2014

Effects of beam divergence on pseudo-strains observed in time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction, which overlapped with the neutron attenuation effect and the surface-effect, were investigated. The through-surface strain scanning on an annealed steel plate was performed in different instrument resolutions by controlling the incident beam divergence. Typical pseudo-strain distributions were observed, but they showed different trend according to the beam divergence. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the pseudo-strains induced in strain scanning measurements of coarse grain materials can be suppressed by controlling the incident beam divergence. Therefore, the incident beam divergence must be carefully considered to reduce pseudo-strains in time-of-flight neutron diffractometry.
Temperature Induced Internal Stress in Carrara Marble
Authors: Luzin Vladimir , Dmitry Nikolayev , Siegesmund Siegfried
Published: February 2014

Stone physical weathering, deterioration and damage (e.g. bowing, cracking, microfracturing) represent a serious problem for preservation of sculptural and architectural heritage objects. Although different mechanisms of such degradation might be responsible (e.g. chemical or biogenic), there is an understanding in the geological community that physical reasons for stone degradation and role of stress are of primary importance. In this work Carrara marble was a chosen for investigation: a calcitic type with ~20% of dolomite. Neutron diffraction was used to investigate the phase composition, the texture, and the strain/stress in calcite and dolomite phases in a bulk marble sample. Evolution of the stress state was studied by measuring strains in calcite and dolomite at two temperatures with clear evidence of thermally induced microstresses. Results are discussed in connection to the theory of composite materials and a micro-mechanical explanation of the general problem of marble deterioration is suggested.
Characterization of Thermally Stable Diamond Composite Material
Authors: Luzin Vladimir , Boland James , Avdeev Maxim , Li Xing
Published: February 2014

Diamond composite materials are being used increasingly in cutting tools for both the mining and manufacturing industries. Except for the low pressure CVD and SPS methods, most SiC based diamond composites are produced under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT). The dominant binder phase is SiC and these composites are classed as thermally stable and are referred to as TSDC (thermally stable diamond composite). TSDC composites are produced by reactive sintering either within the diamond stability field, ~1500°C and ~5.5 GPa, or in the graphite phase field at ~1550°C and ~2 - 3.5 GPa as originally patented by Ringwood. Unlike the traditional polycrystalline diamond composite (PCD) that use Co as the binder phase and operate under restricted temperature conditions, usually less the 800°C, TSDC is Co-free allowing the operational temperature range for TSDC to be extended substantially.
Extensive experimental research has been conducted at the CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization) Rock Cutting Laboratory to assess the quality of TSDC products through a series of in-house tests that have been developed (abrasive wear test, compressive and shear testing) to facilitate their use in the mining industry. The focus is to prevent TSDC from premature failures in drilling and cutting operations. Since the wear resistance and performance in general, of TSDC cutting elements are strongly dependent on the phase composition, phase distribution (microstructures) and phase interaction (microstresses), detailed studies of TSDC have been undertaken using optical, SEM (with EDS and CL), Raman microscopy and radiographic imaging of macro defects as well as x-ray and neutron diffraction.
Residual stress measurements were made using the neutron diffractometer Kowari at OPAL research reactor in the diamond and SiC phases in two TSDC samples. The microstresses that developed in these phases as a result of quenching from high sintering pressure and temperature and the mismatch of the thermo-mechanical properties of SiC matrix and diamond inclusions were evaluated. The matrix-inclusion concept has also been used to calculate stress partition in the phases of the TSDC products that can be directly comparable with the experimental data and give clearer interpretation of the experimental results.
Residual Strain of OFC Using Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Sano Mutsumi , Takahashi Sunao , Watanabe Atsuo , Shiro Ayumi , Shobu Takahisa
Published: February 2014

Residual strain in oxygen-free copper, one of the materials used in high-heat-load components at SPring-8 front end, was investigated. A strain scanning method with oscillation was employed for strain measurement. The results were compared with those obtained using an elasto-plastic creep FEM analysis.
Study of Asymmetric Rolling of Titanium by the Finite Elements Method with Implemented Crystalline Model
Authors: Wronski Marcin , Wierzbanowski Krzysztof , Pytlik Lucjan , Bacroix Brigitte , Lipiński Paul
Published: February 2014

The goal of this work was to study the asymmetric rolling process using the Finite Element Method (FEM) coupled with the deformation model of polycrystalline material. The Leffers-Wierzbanowski (LW) model was selected to be implemented into FEM. This implementation enables a study of heterogeneous plastic deformation process, like asymmetric rolling, taking into account its crystallographic nature. The asymmetric rolling was realized using two identical rolls, driven by independent motors, rotating with different angular velocities. This enabled to obtain a controlled range of rolling asymmetry. Our aim was to examine the properties of asymmetrically rolled commercially pure titanium (Grade 2).
Biodemographic characteristics of North-Western Italian population (Giaglione - Susa Valley) between 18th and 19th century
Authors: De Iasio Sergio , Levati Giulia , Girotti Marilena , Fagiano Marcello , Boano Rosa
Published: February 2014

For the study of genetic changes that occur over time in human communities (microevolution) anthropologists and biodemographers have favored the use of renewable flow, in particular the registers of marriage. Indeed they allow to easily estimate several biodemographic parameters (endogamy and exogamy; repeated pairs; immigration), even for long periods of time, since it is quite common to have consecutive series of documents relating to the marriage of a population. However, the sources of flow do not always allow to study in depth the factors that have given continuity to the community because they provide only partial information on demographic structure, the mode of aggregation of its members and the processes of change within families. A good alternative to sources of flow may be the use of sources of state, civil (censuses) or parish sources (the status animarum), which give a very detailed picture of the state of the population at a given time. The retrieval and analysis of census documentation assume therefore a primary role in order to obviate the intrinsic weaknesses of the sources of flow. In the perspective of biodemographic studies, the integration of the two types of sources is in actual fact the operating optimum. It must be remembered that it is quite difficult to find contemporary sources of flow and of state for the Italian populations of the past.
The matrimonial behavior of a rural population in Haute-Vienne, France
Authors: Mangiapane Gian Luigi , De Iasio Sergio , Girotti Marilena , Boano Rosa , Boëtsch Gilles
Published: February 2014

Although biodemography prefers to focus on isolated human populations, in our analysis we have considered an opened community, neither culturally nor geographically separated from the nearby communities. The aim of the present study was to reconstruct the degree of consanguinity and assess the level of openness of a certain French population through the observation of its people’s matrimonial behavior. Marriages and, in general, the choice of the partner, are often affected by culture and society which affect, in the end, the community’s genic pool.
Stature estimation for personal identification using mandibular morphometric parameters in Italian population: a preliminary report
Authors: Milani Chantal , Milani Rolando , Panattoni Gian Luigi
Published: February 2014

Stature is fundamental in personal identification for forensic and physical anthropologists. When a full skeleton is not available, stature can be estimated from incomplete human remains. It is also important to apply a method to estimate the stature based on the same specific population of the remains. For this purpose, we measured 4 distances between cephalometric landmarks of the mandible and the stature in 56 subjects (both males and females) from Caucasian Italian population. The correlation between these parameters appeared to be statistically significant, so that it was possible to establish a regression equation to estimate the stature from the mandible in this population.
Extendable self-avoiding walks
Authors: Grimmett Geoffrey R. , Holroyd Alexander E. , Peres Yuval
Published: February 2014

The connective constant

\mu

of a graph is the exponential growth rate of the number of

n

-step self-avoiding walks starting at a given vertex. A self-avoiding walk is said to be
forward
(respectively,
backward
)
extendable
if it may be extended forwards (respectively, backwards) to a singly infinite self-avoiding walk. It is called
doubly extendable
if it may be extended in both directions simultaneously to a doubly infinite self-avoiding walk. We prove that the connective constants for forward, backward, and doubly extendable self-avoiding walks, denoted respectively by

\mu^F

,

\mu^B

,

\mu^{FB}

, exist and satisfy

\mu=\mu^F=\mu^B=\mu^{FB}

for every infinite, locally finite, strongly connected, quasi-transitive directed graph. The proofs rely on a 1967 result of Furstenberg on dimension, and involve two different arguments depending on whether or not the graph is unimodular.
La situación profesional de los periodistas españoles: las repercusiones de la crisis en los medios
Authors: Soengas Pérez Xosé , Rodríguez Vázquez Ana Isabel , Abuin Vences Natalia
Published: February 2014

Introducción. Esta investigación analiza la situación profesional, laboral y económica de los periodistas en España en los últimos cinco años, un periodo en que la crisis y la convergencia mediática coinciden con el proceso de digitalización. Metodología. Para conocer las características del escenario actual realizamos un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo con encuestas a cuatro redactores de cada uno de los principales medios de comunicación públicos y privados, y se les ha preguntado por todos los cambios impuestos por sus empresas desde 2008. Además, realizamos una serie de entrevistas de contraste a expertos para tener una valoración complementaria y externa de la situación de la prensa. Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que las condiciones de la mayoría de los periodistas españoles han empeorado desde el comienzo de la crisis, y los problemas se han acentuado en 2012. Los recortes realizados en este periodo son los más drásticos de los últimos veinte años y afectan a todos los elementos del proceso informativo. Discusión y Conclusiones. En la reestructuración de las redacciones han predominado los objetivos económicos por encima de los criterios periodísticos y del interés informativo, tal como reconocen el 54% de los trabajadores de los medios públicos y el 65% de los privados. El 87% de las empresas analizadas ha reducido su plantilla o recortado los recursos materiales, el 62% de los periodistas han perdido poder adquisitivo desde 2008 y el 33% de los redactores fijos teme por su puesto de trabajo, una cifra que aumenta hasta el 54% en los mayores de 50 años y llega al 68% en el caso de los contratados.
Kinetics of Chikungunya Infections during an Outbreak in Southern Thailand, 2008–2009
Authors: Chusri Sarunyou , Siripaitoon Pisud , Silpapojakul Kachornsak , Hortiwakul Thanaporn , Charernmak Boonsri , Chinnawirotpisan Piyawan , Nisalak Ananda , Thaisomboonsuk Butsaya , Klungthong Chonticha , Gibbons Robert V. , Jarman Richard G.
Published: February 2014

The Indian Ocean chikungunya epidemic re-emerged in Thailand in August 2008. Forty-five adults with laboratory-confirmed chikungunya in Songkhla province, Thailand were clinically assessed and serially bled throughout the acute and convalescent phase of the disease. Patient symptoms, antibody responses, and viral kinetics were evaluated using observational assessments, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serological assays. All subjects experienced joint pain with 42 (93%) involving multiple joints; the interphalangeal most commonly affected in 91% of the subjects. The mean duration of joint pain was 5.8 days, 11 (25%) experiencing discomfort through the duration of the study. Rash was observed in 37 (82%) subjects a mean 3.5 days post onset of symptoms. Patents were positive by PCR for a mean of 5.9 days with sustained peak viral load through Day 5. The IgM antibodies appeared on Day 4 and peaked at Day 7 and IgG antibodies first appeared at Day 5 and rose steadily through Day 24.
The Effects of Phase III Cardiac Rehabilitation in Serum and Salivary Hs-CRP and Anthropometric Measurements in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Mirzaii-Dizgah Iraj , Jamshidpour Boshra , Moghadam Behrouz Attarbashi , Vasaghi-Gharamaleki Behnoosh , Nejatian Mostafa
Published: February 2014

Aim

Cardiac rehabilitation is a key part in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) by its anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of exercise training programs on salivary concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with coronary artery disease has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phase III cardiac rehabilitation on serum and salivary levels of hs-CRP, in relation to the anthropometric measurements of obesity and the relationship between salivary and serum levels of hs-CRP in CAD male patients.

Materials and methods

Forty male volunteers (45-75 years) with CAD participated in 6 to 8 weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise training consisting of 45 minutes sessions of treadmill, stationary bicycle and arm ergometer. Anthropometric measurements of obesity, serum level of hs-CRP, stimulated and nonstimulated salivary level of hs-CRP were measured at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of exercise sessions.

Results

All anthropometric measurements increased (p < 0.05) following cardiac rehabilitation except waist-hip ratio. Serum hs-CRP level reduced by 36% independent to the anthropometric measurements changes. Stimulated and nonstimulated salivary hs-CRP level decreased 68 and 54%, respectively, after 24 sessions of cardiac rehabilitation. Nonstimulated salivary hs-CRP levels correlated to serum levels of hs-CRP at baseline and after 24 sessions (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Phase III cardiac rehabilitation seems to be effective to improve serum and salivary hs-CRP concentrations independent of anthropometric measurements.

Clinical significance

Nonstimulated salivary hs-CRP measurement could be a surrogate for blood measurement of hs-CRP during cardiac rehabilitation in male patients with CAD.

How to cite this article

Jamshidpour B, Moghadam BA, Vasaghi-Gharamaleki B, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Nejatian M. The Effects of Phase III Cardiac Rehabilitation in Serum and Salivary Hs-CRP and Anthropometric Measurements in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):819-824.
Compare the Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Mouthrinses in reducing Viable Bacterial Count in Dental Aerosol produced during Ultrasonic Scaling when used as a Preprocedural Rinse
Authors: Shetty Shamila K , Sharath Karanth , Shenoy Santhosh , Sreekumar Chandini , Shetty Rashmi N , Biju Thomas
Published: February 2014

Aim

To evaluate and compare the efficacy of preprocedural mouthrinses (chlorhexidine digluconate and tea tree oil) in reducing microbial content of aerosol product during ultrasonic scaling procedures by viable bacterial count.

Settings and design

It was a randomized single blind, placebocontrolled parallel group study.

Materials and methods

Sixty subjects were randomly assigned to rinse 10 ml of any one of the mouthrinses (chlorhexidine digluconate or tea tree oil or distilled water). Ultrasonic scaling was done for a period of 10 minutes in presence of trypticase soy agar plates placed at standardized distance. Plates were then sent for microbiological evaluation for the aerosol produced.

Results

This study showed that all the antiseptic mouthwashes significantly reduced the bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) in aerosol samples. Chlorhexidine rinses were found to be superior to tea tree when used preprocedurally in reducing aerolized bacteria.

Conclusion

This study advocates preprocedural dural rinsing with an effective antimicrobial mouthrinse during any dental treatment which generates aerosols, reduces the risk of crosscontamination with infectious agents in the dental operatory.

Clinical significance

The aerolization of oral microbes occurring during dental procedures can potentially result in cross-contamination in the dental operatory and transmission of infectious agents to both dental professionals and patient. It is reasonable to assume therefore, that any stratagem for reducing the viable bacterial content of these aerosols could lower the risk of cross-contamination.

How to cite this article

Shetty SK, Sharath K, Shenoy S, Sreekumar C, Shetty RN, Biju T. Compare the Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Mouthrinses in reducing Viable Bacterial Count in Dental Aerosol produced during Ultrasonic Scaling when used as a Preprocedural Rinse. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):848-851.
The Effect of Different Bracket Base Cleaning Method on Shear Bond Strength of Rebonded Brackets
Authors: Maaitah Emad F Al , Alomari Sawsan , Alhaija Elham S Abu , Saf Ahmed AM
Published: February 2014

Aim

To assess the effect of different bracket base conditioning method on shear bond strength (SBS) of rebonded brackets.

Materials and methods

Eighty brackets were bonded to freshly extracted premolar teeth using light cured composite adhesive. SBS was measured for 20 random samples as control group (G1). After debonding, 60 debonded brackets were allocated randomly into three groups of bracket base conditioning methods to remove the remaining adhesives. G2: bracket base cleaned with slow speed round carbide bur (CB), G3: cleaned with ultrasonic scaler (US), G4: cleaned with sandblasting (SB). After that, brackets were rebonded in the same manner as first bonding and SBS was measured. Modified adhesive remnant index (ARI) was recorded for all groups.

Results

SBS for new brackets was 11.95 MPa followed by 11.65 MPa for G2, 11.56 MPa for G4 and 11.04 MPa for G3 group. There were no statistically significant differences between all groups (p = 0.946). In all groups, failure mode showed that the majority of adhesive composite remained on the bracket base with ARI of 4. There was no statistically significant difference between all groups in ARI (p = 0.584).

Conclusion

In-office methods; slow speed CB and US are effective, quick and cheap methods for bracket base cleaning for rebonding.

How to cite this article

Al Maaitah EF, Alomari S, Alhaija ESA, Safi AAM. The Effect of Different Bracket Base Cleaning Method on Shear Bond Strength of Rebonded Brackets. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):866-870.
The Correction of Maxillary Deficiency with Internal Distraction Devices: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Öz A Alper , Özer Mete , Eroglu Lütfi , Özdemir Oguz Suleyman
Published: February 2014

Aim

The purpose of this case report is to present the orthodontic, surgical and restorative treatments in the case of an operated cleft lip and palate and severe maxillary deficiency in a 14-year-old female patient.

Background

Only orthodontic treatment could be inefficient for cleft lip and palate patients characterized with maxillary hypoplasia. Orthodontic and surgical treatment shows sufficient results, especially with severe skeletal deficiency.

Case report

A cleft lip and palate patient required complex multidisciplinary treatment to preserve health and restore esthetics. Dental leveling and alignment of the maxillary and mandibular teeth were provided before the surgery. Maxillary advancement and clockwise rotation of the maxillary-mandibular complex was applied by a Le Fort 1 osteotomy with two internal distraction devices. After the active treatment including orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery, upper full mouth ceramic restoration was applied.

Conclusion

This report shows the efficiency of internal distraction devices in cleft lip palate patients and exemplifies the multidisciplinary care required for such difficult cases.

Clinical significance

Stable improved occlusion and skeletal relations were observed after a follow-up examination period of 12 months.

How to cite this article

Öz AA, Özer M, Eroglu L, Özdemir OS. The Correction of Maxillary Deficiency with Internal Distraction Devices: A Multidisciplinary Approach. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):957-962.
Extra Roots and Root Canals in Premolar and Molar Teeth: Review of an Endodontic Challenge
Authors: Jafarzadeh Hamid , Mohammadi Zahed , Shalavi Sousan
Published: February 2014

The main goal of endodontic treatment is healing of the periapical tissues which are gained by elimination of bacteria and their byproducts from the canal and prevention from reinfection. Understanding of root canal anatomy is an essential part in endodontic treatment. Anatomic forms and variations in special teeth should be well known, one of them is extra roots/ canals. Although possible aberrations of canal anatomy should be considered for all teeth, some teeth should be highlighted. This review addresses the prevalence, diagnosis (clinical and radiographic), and endodontic management of teeth with extra roots/canals.

How to cite this article

Mohammadi Z, Shalavi S, Jafarzadeh H. Extra Roots and Root Canals in Premolar and Molar Teeth: Review of an Endodontic Challenge J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):980-986.
Conservation Laws, Financial Entropy and the Eurozone Crisis
Authors: Cockshott Paul , Zachariah David
Published: February 2014

The article starts by examining the idea of conservation laws as applied to market economies. It formulates a measure of financial entropy and gives numerical simula-tions indicating that this tends to rise. We discuss an analogue for free energy released during this process. The concepts of real and symbolic appropriation are introduced as a means to analyse debt and taxation. We then examine the conflict between the conservation laws that apply to commodity exchange with the exponential growth implied by capital accumulation and how these have necessitated a sequence of evolutionary forms for money, and go on to present a simple stochastic model for the formation of rates of interest and a model for the time evolution of the rate of profit.
Working-Week Flexibility: Implications for Employment and Productivity
Authors: Osuna Victoria
Published: February 2014

This paper evaluates the effects for the Spanish case of allowing greater flexibility regarding the weekly hours worked on the working week, employment and productivity. A baseline model economy is calibrated to reproduce the cross-sectional distribution of workweeks across plants, as well as certain features of the Spanish economy. The author compares the steadystate status quo, where a forty-hour workweek is imposed and no flexibility is allowed, and the steady-state of economies with a higher degree of flexibility in weekly hours. The 2012 reform is found to preserve employment and generate a 1.72% increase in productivity. In the work-sharing scenario, the increase in employment (1.86%) comes at the expense of a lower increase in productivity (1.31%). Finally, the full flexibility scenario preserves employment and generates a substantial increase in productivity (2.6%).
Impacts of the East Asian summer monsoon on interannual variations of summertime surface-layer ozone concentrations over China
Authors: Yang Y. , Liao H. , Li J.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. We apply a global three-dimensional Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) driven by NASA/GEOS-4 assimilated meteorological fields to quantify the impacts of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) on interannual variations of summertime surface-layer O3 concentrations over China. With anthropogenic emissions fixed at year 2005 levels, model simulation for years 1986–2006 shows that the changes in meteorological parameters alone lead to interannual variations in surface-layer O3 concentrations by 2–5% over central eastern China, 1–3% in northwestern China, and 5–10% over the Tibetan Plateau as well as the border and coastal areas of South China, as the interannual variations are relative to the average O3 concentrations over the 21 yr. Over 1986–2006, O3 concentration averaged over the whole China is found to correlate positively with the EASM index with a large correlation coefficient of +0.75, indicating that JJA O3 concentrations are lower (or higher) in weaker (or stronger) EASM years. Relative to JJA surface-layer O3 concentrations in the strongest EASM years (1990, 1994, 1997, 2002, and 2006), O3 levels in the weakest EASM years (1988, 1989, 1996, 1998, and 2003) are lower over almost whole China with a nation mean lower O3 concentration by 2.0 ppbv (or 4%). Regionally, the largest percentage differences in O3 concentration between the weakest and strongest EASM years are found to exceed 6% in northeastern China, southwestern China, and over the Tibetan Plateau. Sensitivity studies show that the difference in transboundary transport of O3 is the most dominant factor that leads to lower O3 concentrations in the weakest EASM years than in the strongest EASM years, which, together with the enhanced vertical convections in the weakest EASM years, explain about 80% of the differences in surface-layer O3 concentrations between the weakest and strongest EASM years. We also find that the changes in the EASM strength are as important as the changes in anthropogenic emissions over 1986–2006 in influencing JJA surface-layer O3 concentrations in China.
Aerosol hygroscopicity parameter derived from the light scattering enhancement factor measurements in the North China Plain
Authors: Chen J. , Zhao C. S. , Ma N. , Yan P.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. The relative humidity (RH) dependence of aerosol light scattering is an essential parameter for accurate estimation of the direct radiative forcing induced by aerosol particles. On account of the insufficient information of aerosol hygroscopicity in climate models, more details of the parameterized hygroscopic growth factors are urgently required. In this paper, a retrieval method to calculate the aerosol hygroscopicity parameter, κ, is proposed based on the in situ measured aerosol light scattering enhancement factor, namely f(RH), and particle number size distribution (PNSD) obtained from the HaChi (Haze in China) campaign. Measurements show that f(RH) sharply increases with the ascending RH, and the variation range of f(RH) is much wider at higher RH. Sensitivity study reveals that the f(RH) is more sensitive to the aerosol hygroscopicity than PNSD. f(RH) for polluted cases is distinctly higher than that for clean periods at a specific RH. The derived equivalent κ, combining with the PNSD measurements, is applied in the prediction of the CCN number concentration. Comparison between the predicted CCN number concentration with the derived equivalent κ and the measured ones agrees well, especially at high supersaturations. The proposed calculation algorithm of κ with the f(RH) measurements is demonstrated to be reasonable and can be widely used.
Differential effects of extreme drought on production and respiration: synthesis and modeling analysis
Authors: Shi Z. , Thomey M. L. , Mowll W. , Litvak M. , Brunsell N. A. , Collins S. L. , Pockman W. T. , Smith M. D. , Knapp A. K. , Luo Y.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. Extremes in climate may severely impact ecosystem structure and function, with both the magnitude and rate of response differing among ecosystem types and processes. We conducted a modeling analysis of the effects of extreme drought on two key ecosystem processes, production and respiration, and, to provide a broader context, we complemented this with a synthesis of published results that cover a wide variety of ecosystems. The synthesis indicated that across a broad range of biomes, gross primary production (GPP) was generally more sensitive to extreme drought (defined as proportional reduction relative to average rainfall periods) than was ecosystem respiration (ER). Furthermore, this differential sensitivity between production and respiration increased as drought severity increased; it occurred only in grassland ecosystems, and not in evergreen needle-leaf and broad-leaf forests or woody savannahs. The modeling analysis was designed to enable a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this pattern, and focused on four grassland sites arrayed across the Great Plains, USA. Model results consistently showed that net primary productivity (NPP) was reduced more than heterotrophic respiration (Rh) by extreme drought (i.e., 67% reduction in annual ambient rainfall) at all four study sites. The sensitivity of NPP to drought was directly attributable to rainfall amount, whereas the sensitivity of Rh to drought was driven by soil drying, reduced carbon (C) input and a drought-induced reduction in soil C content – a much slower process. However, differences in reductions in NPP and Rh diminished as extreme drought continued, due to a gradual decline in the soil C pool leading to further reductions in Rh. We also varied the way in which drought was imposed in the modeling analysis; it was either imposed by simulating reductions in rainfall event size (ESR) or by reducing rainfall event number (REN). Modeled NPP and Rh decreased more by ESR than REN at the two relatively mesic sites but less so at the two xeric sites. Our findings suggest that responses of production and respiration differ in magnitude, occur on different timescales, and are affected by different mechanisms under extreme, prolonged drought.