bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A nutrition environment evaluation of grocery and convenience stores in low‐income communities using the Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey for Stores (NEMS‐S) (LB382)
Authors: Hemmingson Kailtyn , Leone Ryan , Remley Daniel , Zies Susan , Lindshield Erika , Kidd Tandalayo , Adhikari Koushik , Muturi Nancy , Kattelmann Kendra
Published: June 2021

INTRO: As part of a 5‐year multi‐state adolescent obesity prevention project, the nutrition environments of grocery and convenience stores were assessed in selected low income communities in Kansas, South Dakota, and Ohio (KS, SD, and OH). One control and one intervention community was selected per state.

METHODS: Grocery and convenience stores (n=23) were identified for audit using the validated Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey for Stores (NEMS‐S). NEMS‐S evaluates availability of healthful food, price of healthy versus unhealthy food, and quality of fresh produce. Standard NEMS‐S scoring methods were used; higher overall scores indicate greater quality and availability of healthy items as well as lower or equal prices of healthy compared to unhealthy items (range ‐9‐54). Stores that did not meet NEMS‐S parameters were excluded.

RESULTS: Using non‐parametric testing, no significant differences were found between average NEMS‐S scores of control and intervention communities within or among states (p > 0.05). Scores ranged from 2‐41, combined average score for all states was 14.57 ± 12.52 (mean ± SD).

CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that the selected low‐income communities in KS, SD, and OH have limited availability to affordable, quality, healthful food in community stores.

Grant Funding Source: Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) grant #2012‐68001‐19619 from the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture
Antioxidative Effects of Each Fraction of Buckwheat Sprout Grown under Different Visible Light (LB388)
Authors: Kang Myunghwa , Kim Myojung , Kim EunSong , Jang MoonSik , Jung Uk‐Sun , Eom SeokHyun , Lee Bomo , Park Solp , Jo Chaewon
Published: June 2021

Antioxidative Effects of Each Fraction of Buckwheat Sprout Grown under Different Visible Light 1) Myojung Kim, 1)EunSong Kim, 2)MoonSik, Jang, 2)Uk‐Sun Jung 3)SeokHyun Eom, 1)Bomo Lee, 1)Soip Park, 1)Chaewon Jo, 1)Myunghwa Kang 1) 3Department of Food Science & Nutrition/Institute of Basic Science, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea, Republic 2)Natural Solution Co., Ltd, Suwon, Korea, Republic 3) Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea, Republic In this study, buckwheat sprouts were grown under blue light, red light, dark room and fluorescent light in plant company. Their were subjested to different drying processes as freeze drying and hot air drying. Each solvent fractions has studied total polyphenol acid contents, flavonoids contents, DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities, SOD‐liked activities, reducing power measurement and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Total phenolic acid contents were 3.07 ± 0.0355mg/ml in FDR(freeze drying red light) butanol fraction layer, 3.05mg/ml in FDR ethyl acetate layer and 2.93 ± 0.1000mg/ml in HDD(hot air dry dark light) ethyl acetate layer. DPPH scavenger activity were 84.15% in FDR butanol layer, 82.94% in HDF ethyl acetate layer and 81.09% in FDF(freeze drying white) butanol layer. SOD ‐like activity were 91.53 ± 0.4088mg/ml in HDF ethyl acetate layer, 91.29 ± 0.000mg/ml in HDD ethyl acetate layer and 88.55 ± 0.1665mg/ml in HDD chloroform layer. ABTS activity were FLB 94.14 ± 0.3872mg/ml, 93.98 ± 0.0877 mg / ml in HDR hexane layer and 93.98 ± 0.7896 mg / ml in FDF hexane layer. Total flavonoid content were 5.17 ± 0.2276% in butanol layer FDR, 4.82 ± 0.0710% in FDR ethyl acetate layer and 4.79 ± 0.1049% in HDB butanol layer, respectively.

Grant Funding Source: No
Comparison of extract and flavonoid‐rich Fraction from mulberry on proliferation and lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes (LB392)
Authors: Kim Gun‐Hee , Park Hee Sook
Published: June 2021

This study was performed to investigated the effect of ethanol extracts and fraction of Morus alba L. on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3‐L1 cell. Obesity is major obstacle for improving health. Therefore, the therapeutic approach using natural plants has been proposed as a novel strategy for preventing obesity. Fruits of mulberry (Morus alba L.) belonging to the Moraceae family have been widely used for therapeutic purposes in Asian countries for centuries. Many study investigated that mulberry fruits can be used as a warming agent, as a remedy for dysentery, and as a tonic, sedative, laxative, odontalgic, anthelmintic, expectorant, and emetic. This study was performed to investigated the effect of ethanol extract and flavonoid‐rich fraction (A2) of Morus alba. on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3‐L1cell. The anti‐proliferation effects of ethanolic extracts and A2 fraction were measured by MTT assay. Cell viability of ehtanolic extract decreased but not A2 fraction during 72 hr in preadipocyte. For anti‐adipogenic effects of Morus alba, ethanolic extract and A2 fraction were examined Oil red O staining assay. Treatment of 3T3‐L1 cells with ethanolic extracts and A2 fraction decreased adipocyte differentiation in a dose‐dependent manner by 18.1% and 32.7% in 100 μg/ml, respectively. The results indicate that Morus alba L. is a possible candidate for regulating lipid accumulation in obesity.

Grant Funding Source: This work was supported by Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology(KNF‐2009‐0094017).
Oxidative stress is decreased with short‐term Protandim use when piperine is substituted for ashwagandha (LB399)
Authors: Scalzo Rebecca , Davis Janelle , Beals Joseph , Biela Laurie , Giordano Gregory , Paris Hunter , Miller Benjamin , Hamilton Karyn , Bell Christopher
Published: June 2021

Ashwagandha is an active ingredient of Protandim, a commercially available, plant‐based nutraceutical that activates nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2). In some countries ashwagandha is considered medicinal and thus is subject to regulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Protandim without ashwagandha, and Protandim with piperine substituted for ashwagandha, on circulating markers of oxidative stress. 33 overweight/obese adults, aged 45‐69 years, were assigned to one of three 30‐day interventions comprising daily consumption of: placebo (PLAC: 719 mg maltodextrin), Protandim minus ashwagandha (P‐A: a blend of milk thistle extract, bacopa monnieri extract, green tea extract, turmeric powder, and maltodextrin), or Protandim with piperine substituted for ashwagandha (P+P). Compared with baseline, circulating plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were unaffected by PLAC (n=13; 4.70±0.44 vs. 6.09±0.84 nmol/mL; mean±SE), or P‐A (n=7; 5.44±0.86 vs. 7.79±1.42 nmol/mL), but were decreased with P+P (n=13; 6.31±0.91 vs. 4.90±0.47 nmol/mL); P=0.02. Nrf2 activation may provide protection from chronic diseases associated with increased oxidative stress. These preliminary data suggest, in countries where ashwagandha is considered medicinal, piperine may be an acceptable substitute ingredient in the Nrf2 activator, Protandim.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by LifeVantage
Thiamin intakes and status of Korean adults (LB401)
Authors: Choi Ji Young , Kim Young‐Nam , Kang Keum Jee , Cho Youn‐OK
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine thiamin intakes and status of Korean adults. Three consecutive 24‐hour recalls and urine samples were collected from 149 healthy adults (68 males and 81 females) living in Seoul and metropolitan area, Republic of Korea. The means age of the subjects (mean+/‐SD) was 36.9+/‐11.6 years and there was no significant difference by gender. The mean thiamin intakes were 1.29 mg/day and 0.67 mg/1000 kcal. Thiamin intake of males was significantly higher than that of females (P=<0.001), but there was no significant difference in the ratio of thiamin to energy intake by gender. The percentage contribution from plant foods in thiamin intakes was 63.1%. The Korean adults consuming less the Korean Estimated Average Requirements for thiamin was 10.7% of total subjects. Average urine thiamin concentration was 51.0+/‐50.5 μg/g creatinine. There was no significant difference in urine thiamin levels by gender. Approximately 35.6% of the subjects were thiamin deficient (urine thiamin <27 μg/g creatinine), and urine thiamin concentrations of 42.3% were 27‐<65 μg/g creatinine, which is representative of low riboflavin status. Therefore, some of these Korean adults were at risk of inadequate thiamin status. Korean adults may need to be encouraged to consume thiamin‐rich foods.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by 2013 research fund of National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF‐2011‐0021273).
Examining Bone Density of the Mandibular Corpus: Clinical Implications in Osteoporosis (LB42)
Authors: Khusid Johnathan , Hartley Benjamin , Caceres Noel , Márquez Samuel
Published: June 2021

Osteoporosis is a ubiquitous disease, with a prevalence of 200,000,000 cases worldwide. In these cases, bone density is at least 2.5 standard deviations below the global mean. While this debilitating condition affects both genders, women are disproportionately afflicted due to post‐menopausal hormonal changes. Accordingly, fractures of the hip are a common cause of morbidity and mortality among females, and as such have been well documented. It is hypothesized that the hypoestrogenic state of post‐menopausal women will result in a lower bone density than that of their male counterparts. This investigation examined density changes in the lesser studied mandibular corpus as a function of age for each gender. The mandibular condyle was removed from 12 cadavers, obtaining mass and volume by digital scale and water displacement respectively, and the calculation of their densities. Our findings showed that bone density increased with increasing age (r = 0.47). However, when measures were subdivided by gender, bone density among women decreased with age (r = ‐0.09), while that of their male counterparts increased (r = 0.32). In addition, a significant correlation was also found between bone density and dentition status as defined by total number of natural, unaltered teeth (p<0.05). Further study of facial bone density among women may shed light on understanding risk factors for age related dental disease as it pertains with osteoporosis.
Profiling cocoa‐derived flavanols and their metabolites in serum, urine, liver, and intestinal contents of pigs fed flavanol‐enriched cocoa powder (LB420)
Authors: Jang Saebyeol , Sun Jianghao , Chen Pei , Molokin Aleksey , Lakshman Sukla , Harnly James , Urban Joseph , Davis Cindy , Solano‐Aguilar Gloria
Published: June 2021

The polyphenol content of cocoa is high and consumption is associated with benefits to human health. To determine the metabolites of cocoa derived flavanols after consumption, five months old conventional crossbred pigs were fed 5, 10, and 20 g of flavanol‐enriched cocoa powder per day for 26 days. The total flavanol content in the cocoa powder was 20.5 mg/g and the major flavanols detected were epicatechin, (+) catechin, and procyanidin C1. Serum, urine, liver tissue, and proximal colon contents were collected 14 hour after the final consumption of cocoa powder. Metabolite analysis was conducted using High‐performance liquid chromatography tandem with accurate mass spectrometry (HPLC‐HRM) on a Q‐Exactive high resolution mass spectrometer. Epicatechin or catechin‐glucuronide conjugates were the major metabolites found in the serum, urine, and liver. Urine had more diverse metabolites than serum and liver whereas proximal colon contents had fewer metabolites. The concentration of total epicatechin‐glucronide in serum and urine was higher than in liver. Products of microbial metabolism such as vanillic acid and 3‐hydroxyphenylpropionic acid were also detected. This study showed that flavanol metabolites were detectable in serum, urine, liver, and proximal colon content after consumption of cocoa powder for 26 days, and the concentration of flavanol metabolites was dependent on the dose of cocoa powder ingested.

Grant Funding Source: ODS/NIH‐ARS/USDA
Prevalence of inadequate and suboptimal serum ascorbic acid concentrations among children and adolescents in the United States (2003‐2006) (LB422)
Authors: Ciappio Eric , Yu Elaine , McBurney Michael , Mehta Saurabh
Published: June 2021

Background: Despite the well‐established need of vitamin C for optimal health, achieving adequate dietary intake based on government recommendations remains a challenge in the United States.

Objective: To examine serum ascorbic acid concentrations among a sample of non pregnant/lactating children and adolescents (<20y) with available blood samples and sociodemographic data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2003‐2006).

Methods: Ascorbic acid concentrations were assayed by isocratic reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method with electrochemical detection. Inadequate (<50 µmol/L) and suboptimal (<70 µmol/L) serum ascorbic acid concentrations were defined according to recommendations from the Institute of Medicine and Linus Pauling Institute investigators, respectively. Reported values accounted for complex survey design (sampling weights, cluster, strata).

Results: Among children and adolescents (4‐19y; n=5576), 28.6% had inadequate serum concentrations of ascorbic acid. Compared to individuals with no reported supplement use (32.5%; n=4376), a lower prevalence of inadequate serum concentrations of ascorbic acid was observed among those using supplements (19.1%; n=1200; p<0.01). 59.4% of individuals had suboptimal serum concentrations of ascorbic acid. A greater proportion of individuals with no supplement use (64.1%) had suboptimal serum concentrations, relative to those using supplements (48.0%; p<0.01).

Conclusions: Lower prevalences of inadequate and suboptimal serum concentrations of ascorbic acid were observed among children and adolescents reporting any dietary supplement use.
Walking for exercise brings acute decreasing effects on urinary C‐peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) excretion (LB436)
Authors: Yamada Tetsuo , Matsuzaki Masami , Tanaka Akira
Published: June 2021

Although it is well known that hyperinsulinemia is improved by exercise, insulin secretion volume has not been examined in detail. We investigated the effects of walking exercise on urinary C‐peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) excretion levels. Methods: In trial 1, six adult female volunteers participated in four experiments over 24 hours. The participants performed either only normal daily activities or walking programs at the speed of 6 km/h for 60 or 120 or 180 min/day. Total urine samples for 12 hours were collected during day (8am to 8pm) and night (8pm to 8am) after the second morning (6am to 8am) urine collection. In trial 2, similar experiments were carried out and urine samples after 8am were collected every four hours until 8pm. Results: In trial 1, urinary CPR excretion levels during day were significantly lower in 120 and 180 min walking than in non‐walking experiment. Similarly in trial 2, urinary CPR excretion levels were significantly lower in 120 and 180 min walking experiment at all times between 8am and 8 pm. Urinary adrenaline, noradrenaline and free cortisol excretion levels during 4 experiments did not significantly differ. In both trials, further effects of 180 min walking on urinary CPR excretion levels were not obtained. Conclusions: Walking at 6 km/h for more than 2 hours decreases urinary CPR excretion levels without increasing physical stress.

Grant Funding Source: a grant from Kanto Gakuin University
Effects of whey protein concentrate and hydrolyzed whey/egg protein blends on post‐prandial markers of adipose tissue lipolysis in rats (LB440)
Authors: Roberts Michael , Mobley C. Brooks , Fox Carlton , Ferguson Brian , Pascoe Corrie , Healy James , Lockwood Christopher
Published: June 2021

We examined how gavage‐feeding the following dietary proteins (10 human eq. g dissolved in 1 ml of water) acutely affected omental (OMAT) and inguinal/subcutaneous (SQ) adipose tissue lipolysis markers: a) 80% whey protein concentrate (WPC, n = 15); b) 70% hydrolyzed whey + 30% hydrolyzed egg albumin (70W/30E, n = 15); c) 50W/50E (n = 15); d) 30W/70E (n = 15); and e) 1 ml of water with no protein (fasted, n = 14). 70W/30W feeding increased SQ fat phosphorylated hormone‐sensitive lipase (p‐HSL) 3.1‐fold compared to fasting and 1.9‐4.4‐fold compared to all other test proteins 180 min post feeding (p < 0.05). WPC, 70W/30E and 50W/50E feedings increased OMAT p‐HSL 3.8‐6.5‐fold 180 min post‐feeding compared to fasted rats (p < 0.05). WPC and 70W/30E feedings depressed serum free fatty acids 90 min post‐feeding compared to fasting and other test proteins (p < 0.05), but this was normalized by 180 min post‐feeding. Interestingly, 70W/30E and 50W/50E feedings tended to increase SQ fat PGC1‐α mRNA 180 min post‐feeding compared to fasting rats (2.3‐2.4‐fold, p < 0.10), and 50W/50E significantly increased Ucp3 mRNA 180 min post‐feeding compared to all other test proteins as well as fasting (~2.0 fold, p < 0.05). In summary, despite a transient 90‐min post feeding depression in serum FFAs with 70W/30E feeding, solutions with 50% and 70% hydrolyzed whey increased select tissue markers of lipolysis and thermogenesis 180 min post‐feeding.

Source of Research Support: 4LIFE Research, Inc.
Oxidized cholesterol is a potent inducer of hypertension and endothelial dysfunction (LB445)
Authors: Fungwe Thomas , Hajri Tahar
Published: June 2021

This study examined how hypertension related genes respond to dietary stress in the spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rat (SHRSP) model. Weanling male SHRSP rats (n = 62) were fed a normo‐caloric diet supplemented with either 2% cholesterol (CHOL, wt/wt) or 0.2% oxidized cholesterol (oxCHOL, wt/wt) for 90 days. Blood pressure was recorded on days 30, 60, and 90 by femoral artery cannulation. RNA from hepatic and cardiac tissue were subjected to global gene expression using the oligonucleotide GeneChip microarray expression analysis. Selected inflammatory related genes were confirmed by Real Time‐PCR. Hepatic C‐reactive protein (CRP) mRNA levels increased by approximately 25% as a function of time and cholesterol in the diet. Pulse pressure increased, but did not differ with type of cholesterol consumed (CHOL, 47.2±3.2 and oxCHOL, 46.9±3.2 compared to control 34.03±3.2 mg/ml). This increase persisted through 90 days. Increase in vessel tone correlated (p蠄0.05) with a decline in HDL‐C by day 30. Moreover, the consumption of CHOL and oxCHOL markedly increased the expression of inflammation markers (vascular adhesion cell molecule 1 and chemokine receptors) in the aorta and heart. These data suggest that hypercholesterolemia precipitates inflammatory events leading to elevation in CRP, rise in pulse pressure, decrease in HDL‐C, and increase in vessel tone, leading to endothelial dysfunction.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH HL03389
Factors associated with maternal weight gain rate throughout pregnancy in women with normal and excessive pre‐pregnancy weight (LB446)
Authors: Franco‐Sena Ana Beatriz , Rebelo Fernanda , Pinto Thatiana , Farias Dayana , Mendes Roberta , Teixeira Viviana , Silveira Gabrielle , Kac Gilberto
Published: June 2021

Objective: To evaluate the effect of leptin and other selected variables on maternal weight gain rate (MWGR) in women with normal and excessive pre‐pregnancy weights. Methods: A prospective cohort of 236 pregnant women was followed at the 5‐13th, 20‐26th and 30‐36th gestational weeks. The effects of independent variables on MWGR in normal weight (18.7kg/m2 蠄 Body Mass Index (BMI) < 25.0 kg/m2) and overweight/obese (25.0 kg/m2 蠄 BMI 蠅 45.5 kg/m2) women were assessed using longitudinal linear mixed‐effects models. Results: In the final model of women with normal BMIs, the following covariates remained significantly associated with MWGR: leptin (β=0.053, SE=0.013), HDL‐c (β=‐0.075, SE=0.021), sleep duration (β=‐0.267, SE=0.083) and maternal height (β=0.687, SE=0.071). For overweight/obese women, the associated variables were HDL‐c (β=‐0.069, SE=0.025), fasting glucose (β=‐0.066, SE=0.021), smoking habit (former smoker: β=‐4.555, SE=2.301) and maternal height (β=0.808, SE=0.151). Conclusion: Leptin presented an effect on MWGR in normal weight women but not in overweight/obese women. The HDL‐c levels and maternal height were associated with MWGR throughout pregnancy in both BMI categories. The effect of the duration of sleep on MWGR was only observed in normal weight women, and the effects of fasting glucose concentrations and smoking habits were specific to overweight/obese women.
Leucine metabolism is not altered with improved insulin sensitivity following a 6‐month exercise program in pre‐diabetics (LB447)
Authors: Glynn Erin , Piner Lucy , Slentz Cris , Huffman Kim , Elliot‐Penry Lorraine , AbouAssi Hiba , Bain James , Muehlbauer Michael , Ilkayeva Olga , Stevens Robert , Brosnan M. Julia , Trimmer Jeff , Newgard Christopher , Kraus William
Published: June 2021

Obesity is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity (IS), elevated plasma levels of branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), and accumulation of medium to long even‐chain acylcarnitines (AC; products of β‐oxidation). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between BCAA metabolism and IS in overweight individuals. Whole‐body leucine turnover, IS and metabolic profiles were assessed from blood, muscle and breath samples at baseline in 10 healthy controls (CTRL: 5M, 5F; age 50 ± 3) and 9 overweight pre‐diabetic individuals (PD‐Pre: 5M, 4F; age 51 ± 2) using stable isotope tracers, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and metabolomics methods, respectively. PD then underwent a 6 month aerobic + resistance exercise program and repeated tests (PD‐Post). IS was higher in CTRL vs PD‐Pre, increased in PD‐Post, but remained lower than CTRL. Relative to lean mass, leucine breakdown, oxidation and synthesis were higher in PD‐Pre and PD‐Post vs CTRL, with no effect of exercise. Plasma leucine and valine were elevated in PD‐Pre vs CTRL and were not altered with exercise, while glycine was decreased in PD‐Pre vs CTRL, and increased in PD‐Post. Muscle AC were globally elevated in PD‐Pre vs CTRL and decreased in PD‐Post. We conclude exercise‐induced improvements in IS occur independent of changes in BCAA levels or metabolism, but are linked to decreased muscle AC levels, consistent with improved mitochondrial efficiency.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by CV and Metabolic, a Pfizer research unit and NIH grant P01‐DK58398
Mechanical Strain induced Osteopontin Expression in the Aorta (LB45)
Authors: Caesar Christa , Lyle Alicia , Weiss Daiana , Joseph Giji , Taylor W
Published: June 2021

We have previously shown that elevated mechanical strain in disease states, such as hypertension, leads to vascular inflammation. However the underlying mechanisms modulating this process are still largely unknown. In this study, we used in‐vivo and in‐vitro approaches to determine if mechanical strain increases osteopontin (OPN), a pro‐inflammatory protein, in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and NADPH oxidase dependent manner.

Utilizing two mouse models of hypertension, induced by angiotensin‐II (AngII) or norepinephrine (NE) infusion, we found blood pressure was increased 1.5 and 1.3 fold, respectively. Aortic OPN mRNA was increased 7 and 2.5 fold (p<0.05) in the AngII and NE treated groups, respectively. OPN protein was also increased in both models. In AngII treated aortas of transgenic mice that overexpress catalase, a H2O2 scavenger, in vascular smooth muscle cells, we found a decrease in hypertension‐induced OPN mRNA expression compared to wild type littermate controls.

In‐vitro studies using rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMs) that were cyclically strained showed a 3 fold (p<0.001) increase in OPN mRNA and 5 fold (p<0.001) increase in OPN protein. H2O2 levels were also increased 4 fold (p<0.05). RASMs strained in the presence of catalase exhibited blunted OPN protein compared to untreated, strained RASMs (72.6% decrease, p<0.05). Finally, RASMs strained in the presence of NADPH oxidase inhibitors, DPI and apocynin, showed a significant decrease in strain‐induced OPN protein compared to untreated, strained RASMs (77.6% decrease, p<0.01 and 43.8% decrease, p<0.05, respectively).

These results suggest that mechanical strain, as experienced by the vascular wall under hypertensive conditions, leads to increases in osteopontin via an NADPH oxidase and H2O2‐dependent pathway.

Grant Funding Source: American Heart Association, Predoctoral Fellowship
Measure of Complementary Feeding Index (CFI) and Nutritional status in children of 7‐24 months of age: A cross‐sectional study in rural India. (LB453)
Authors: Anwar fahmina , Srivastava Ratan , Singh SP
Published: June 2021

Complementary feeding index (CFI) addressing multidimensional child feeding practices is of prime importance. A cross sectional study was conducted in rural India to understand the association between CFI and nutritional status of 430 children aged 7‐24 months. Systemic random sampling was done to identify 430 mothers and children pair and structured interview schedule was used for eliciting information from mother. Data on CF practices were scored using the CFI. Majority (93.5%) of mothers were housewives /primary care giver and were young (Median age 25 years) in study sample. Nutritional assessment indicated that about 50.4% of children were stunted height for age height (HAZ< ‐2SD), 34.5% were underweight age wt for age (WAZ <‐2SD) and 31.7% were wasted weight for height (WHZ < ‐2SD). The results revealed sub optimal Complementary feeding practices in the sample. The mean + SD CFI scores ranged from a value of 5.01 + 1.01 in 7‐12 months old infants to a little higher value of 5.84 + 1.8 in 12‐24 months old infants, indicating a gap in the CF practices. We also looked at the association between the CFI and the WAZ, HAZ, and WHZ, CFI was observed to be significantly (p<0.05) associated with Height‐for‐age (HAZ) but not with weight‐for‐age (WAZ) and weight‐for‐height (WHZ) indices. The frequency of breastfeeding was also significantly associated with nutritional status. Composite index in its present form can reflect CF practices more holistically than just one or few behaviors studied separately. More research is needed in the direction of identifying the relative contribution of each practices of CFI variable on nutritional status.
Diet Quality of Farm to School Implementation by using Healthy Eating Index (LB457)
Authors: Young Taylor , Ptomey Lauren , Craven Tara , Swanson Ann , Gibson Cheryl
Published: June 2021

Background. Nutrition not only plays an important role in the growth and development of preschool‐aged children, it also has a long‐lasting impact on health status, disease prevention and body composition. Schools and childcare centers have been targeted to increase diet quality and nutrition education to preschool aged children. Recently, these programs have attempted to provide locally grown produce to further enhance diet quality, but few studies examine nutritional content of meals provided. Methods. We analyzed intake and diet quality of farm to school (FTS) meals versus standard meals among preschoolers in a Head Start program. Direct observations, using plate waste, along with Nutrition Data System (NDSR) analysis determined intake and nutritional content of foods consumed. Data was analyzed using the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI 2010) to depict diet quality between FTS and standard meals. Results. Average HEI 2010 scores indicate a higher score among FTS meals (63±10.4) compared to standard meals (53±12.3), (p<0.001). The energy intake was similar between the two groups (311 ± 214 vs 334 ± 161 kcal/meal). Change in HEI scores was accounted for by whole grains, refined grains and sodium. Discussion. Results indicate overall improvement in nutritional intake from FTS meals when compared to standard meals. Several factors may be responsible for this improvement including specific food items provided and nutritional education. Longer term studies are needed.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by KC Healthy Kids
Association between obesity and asthma in US adults: Findings from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (LB459)
Authors: Wang Liang , Wang Kesheng , Wang Youfa
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Asthma and obesity are prevalent in the United States. We studied prevalence of asthma and the association between obesity and asthma using nationally representative data.

Methods: Data (n=34505; 4387 had asthma) was used from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), an annual cross‐sectional survey sponsored by the US National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Asthma was determined by responding positive to the question “Had ever been told you had asthma?” Obesity was determined as a Body Mass Index (BMI)>=30. BMI was calculated using self‐reported weight and height. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between obesity and asthma controlling for covariates.

Results: Prevalence of asthma was 12.7% (10.6% in males, 14.4% in females) and was higher in obese than non‐obese individuals (16.7% vs. 11.0%, p<0.0001). Univariate analysis showed an association between asthma and obesity (OR=1.60, 95% CI=1.46‐1.74). After controlling for potential confounders, asthma remained associated with obesity (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.30‐1.56). Being female, older age, African American, “devoiced” or “never married” marital status, past smoking, hay fever, stress, respiratory allergy, skin allergy, depression, and insomnia were all positively associated with asthma. The association between obesity and asthma seemed stronger in those with respiratory allergy than those without it (1.73 (1.43‐2.10) vs. 1.34 (1.21‐1.48)).

Conclusion: Obesity is associated with asthma, and the association is stronger among those with respiratory allergy. The causality needs be tested using prospective cohort studies.
iCook 4‐H: Report of the correlation between the Block Kids Physical Activity Screener and accelerometer‐derived physical activity in 9‐10 year old children (LB460)
Authors: Kabala Celine , Kattelmann Kendra , Meendering Jessica , Mathews Douglas , Olfert Melissa , White Jade , Colby Sarah , Meade Randa , Franzen‐Castle Lisa , Aguirre Trina , White Adrienne
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the Block Kids Physical Activity Screener ( BKPAS) and accelerometer derived physical activity in 9‐10 year old children participating in iCook 4‐H, a 5‐state, family‐centered, childhood obesity intervention.

METHODS: A cross‐sectional study was conducted in 116 children who met accelerometer compliance standards and completed the BKPAS. Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) were measured by accelerometry and the BKPAS. Children wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) for 7 consecutive days and completed a computerized parent‐assisted BKPAS. Mean daily minutes of accelerometer derived MVPA and ST were evaluated during waking hours (7a‐9p). In the BKPAS, average MVPA and screen time minutes per day were calculated from questions that queried frequency and duration from the previous 7 days. Relationships between accelerometry and the BKPAS were assessed via Spearman Correlation Coefficient. Statistical significance was set at p 蠄 0.05. RESULTS: Accelerometer derived MVPA was significantly correlated with the BKPAS (r= 0.26, P = 0.01), but no association was found for ST (r = 0.13, P = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS: Results are positive for the self‐reported BKPAS and validation work is continuing, specifically for ST.

Grant Funding Source: USDA‐AFRI grant #2012‐68001‐19605 and respective state Agricultural Experiment Stations.
Development of fatty acids database for a national nutrition survey in Korea (LB461)
Authors: Yoon Mi‐Ock , Shim Jae Eun , Kim Kirang , Hwang Ji‐Yun , Lee Hyun Sook , Son Tae‐Young , Moon Hyun‐Kyung
Published: June 2021

This study was performed to construct a fatty acids database (DB) for use with a nationally representative population survey, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES). The DB was designed as multi level from 0 to 3. Level 0 DBs were food composition data sources, which were graded according to the reliability and validity of the data sources and compiled to level 1 DB. The coverage of individual fatty acids of level 1 DB was C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 n‐6, C18:3n‐3(α), C20:5 n‐3(EPA), C22:6 n‐3(DHA), SFA, MUFA, and PUFA (n‐3, n‐6, n‐9). Food list of level 2 DB consisted of 5,144 foods used for dietary analysis in KNHANES. The fatty acid composition of level 2 DB was filled with analytical values of food items from level 1 DB. One analytical value for each food item was selected according to quality of data sources and priority guideline in data selection. Missing values were replaced with calculated or imputed values based on the analytical values of similar food items from level 1 DB. Level 2 DB comprised of 1,543 analytical values, 2,589 calculated values and 1,012 imputed values. Fatty acid intake was calculated with food consumption data in 2010 and 2011 KNHANES and level 3 DB was compiled with fatty acids composition of 2,112 food items used in the calculation. Mean intake levels of total fatty acid and saturated fatty acid were 38.3g/day and 12.7g/day, respectively. SFA: MUFA: PUFA was 1.1: 1.2: 1. Estimation of fatty acid intakes with newly developed fatty acids DB based on national survey data will shed light on the establishment of nutrition policy solving related public health concerns.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Research Program funded by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (fund code 2013E3501200)
Dietary supplement use of early childhood population in Korea: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (2007‐2009) (LB468)
Authors: Kang Minji , Shim Jae Eun , Kim Kijoon , Paik Hee Young
Published: June 2021

Relative to the increasing trend of dietary supplement intake in Korea and many other countries, few studies have been conducted in Korea, especially studies targeting early childhood population. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of dietary supplement use in accordance with the demographic and dietary characteristics using data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (2007‐2009). The study included 1,608 subjects aged 1‐5 years who responded to 24h diet recall. The most frequently consumed type of dietary supplement was multi‐vitamin and mineral products. The prevalence of taking dietary supplement was 41.7% and the supplement users distributed more in higher level of household income. There were no significant differences in the distribution of genders and residential areas according to the dietary supplement use. Nutrients obtained from dietary intake alone were higher in dietary supplement users than non‐users in macronutrients, several vitamins and minerals. However, the differences were disappeared after controlling for household income and energy intakes. Therefore, nutrition and health effect of additional nutrients from dietary supplement were expected. Further studies are needed to assess the dietary supplement use on the growth and health in Korean early childhood population.

Grant Funding Source: supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning(grant no. 2013R1A1A2057600)
Daily intake of dairy products in Brazil does not meet national dietary guidelines (LB470)
Authors: Murphy Mary , Barraj Leila , Toth Lindsey , Harkness Laura , Bolster Douglas
Published: June 2021

Dairy products, including milk and milk‐derived foods, are naturally rich sources of protein and micronutrients which are important for ensuring a healthy diet. Brazilian dietary guidelines recommend intake of three portions of milk and dairy products daily. Using one‐day dietary records collected from 34,003 participants 蠅10 y in the first Brazilian National Dietary Survey (2008‐2009), intake of dairy products and percent contributions of dairy products to daily nutrient intakes were assessed. Dairy products were defined as plain and flavored milk, milk drinks, milk‐based preparations (excluding desserts), cheese, and yogurt. Per capita intake of dairy products in the population 蠅10 y was 142 g/day, or 0.9 portions. Mean intakes of dairy portions were 1.0, 0.9, and 1.1 by age group (10‐18 y, 19‐59 y, 蠅60 y), and 1.0 and 0.7 in urban and rural subpopulations. In the population 蠅10 y, dairy products accounted for 6.1% of total energy, 7.3% of protein, 4.0% of carbohydrate, 4.3% of added sugars, 10% of total fat, and 16.9% of saturated fat intake. Dairy products were significant contributors to dietary calcium (37.9%), vitamin D (35.9%), phosphorus (17%) and vitamin A (11.1%), all of which are nutrients of concern in Brazil. Overall, consumption of dairy products was low. Education efforts to raise awareness about dairy recommendations may serve to improve diet adequacy in the Brazilian population.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by PepsiCo, Inc.
Using teacher goal boards to promote healthy eating and physical activity among elementary students (LB471)
Authors: Hall P , West Joshua , Crookston Benjamin
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to understand the potential impact on elementary students’ perceptions of, and intentions related to, healthy eating and physical activity when their classroom teacher sets and shares goals related to these health behaviors. Participants included 233 students and 16 teachers from grades 3‐6. Students completed a questionnaire before and after a six‐week intervention using Teacher Goal Boards. Each board was a laminated poster with space to write the teacher’s weekly physical activity, healthy eating, and life‐long learning goals. Teachers were asked to set a S‐M‐A‐R‐T goal in these three areas each week for six weeks and report progress to their students. Physical activity and healthy eating intentions, subjective norms, and injunctive norms all increased following the intervention with changes ranging from 2‐16%. More than two‐thirds of students wanted to be physically active following the intervention compared to half of students before the intervention. Approximately half of students intended to eat healthy foods after the intervention compared to only one‐third of students surveyed before the intervention. This study demonstrates that simple school‐based interventions that incorporate teachers modeling healthy behaviors may lead to meaningful increases in healthy lifestyle intentions and behaviors in children.
Removal of Glycans from FFPE tissue sections enhances specific binding of antibodies against glycoproteins (LB481)
Authors: Tom‐Moy May , Staples Gregory , Kamath Kathy , Jensen Sussie , Yamada Alice
Published: June 2021

Immunocytochemistry (IHC) is widely used by pathologists to determine whether a biopsied sample is cancerous or not and to determine the grade level of the tumor. The diagnosis of the cancer is based on the positive staining of specific biological markers which have been determined and validated to be present in specific areas of the tissue section. In some cases, the antigen of interest can be a glycoprotein which is overexpressed in various tissues or used to differentiate between different types of malignancies. An example of such glycoproteins is CA19‐9 or sialylated Lewis (a) antigen, a tumor marker used to detect pancreatic cancer and BG8 or Lewis (y) antigen, used to differentiate epithelioid pleural (EP) mesotheliomas from pulmonary peripheral adenocarcinoma (PPA). In people with pancreatic masses, CA19‐9 can be useful in distinguishing between cancer and other diseases of the gland. BG8 is considered a positive marker for PPA and negative marker for EP mesothelioma and is used in conjunction with other panels of antibodies to distinguish PPA from EP. If the antigen of interest is potentially blocked by glycoproteins the antibody staining can give a false negative. We hypothesize that the potential problem of diminished or negative immunostaining for glycoprotein cancer markers in FFPE (formalin fixed paraffin embedded) tissue sections may be solved using a protocol that can deglycosylate the glycans “in situ” and retain the morphology of the tissue section. We used CA19‐9 and BG‐8 glycoprotein antigens as examples to demonstrate the removal of N‐linked and O‐linked glycans. By being able to “unmask” the epitope binding site to the polypeptide site chain of the glycoprotein, more accurate diagnoses can be performed by the pathologist and the correct treatment plan recommended.
Pathogenic variations driving malignant follicular lymphoma regulatory circuitry (LB489)
Authors: Sandoval Luis , Koues Olivia , Oltz Eugene
Published: June 2021

Regulatory elements play a major role in establishing cell‐specific gene expression patterns. Perturbations in these non‐coding DNA regions (e.g., promoters and enhancers) facilitate gene expression changes associated with lymphomagenesis. To investigate the regulatory circuitry driving follicular lymphoma (FL), a germinal center‐derived B cell lymphoma, we generated global chromatin maps of histone modifications associated with active REs in primary FL tumors and normal human B cells. Comparative epigenomic analyses produced a collection of enhancers that are dysregulated during lymphomagenesis. We then identified sequence motifs that are enriched significantly in the augmented regulatory elements (REs) from ten FL samples. The most recurrent and significant motifs bind families of factors known to be important for transcriptional regulation in lymphocytes, including SPI, BCL6, KLF, POU, and TCF. Subsequent informatics analyses revealed transcription factor (TF) binding motifs within a subset of enhancers that were altered by single nucleotide variants (SNVs), suggesting a functional role for intergenic SNVs in tumor pathogenesis. Because changes to the epigenome are reversible, improved understanding of these pathogenic regulatory circuits will provide attractive therapeutic targets to reverse malignant gene expression. Data from our approach are expected to facilitate early NHL diagnosis, enhance prognostic schemes, and identify novel therapeutic targets.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH grant CA156690
Diabetic hyperglycemia improves lipid profile and oxidative stress after myocardial infarction in rats (LB49)
Authors: Paixão dos Santos Camila , Ferreira Freitas Sarah Cristina , Rocha Zepter Rita de Cássia , Henriques Dutra Marina Rascio , da Palma Renata Kelly , Andrade Barboza Catarina , Irigoyen Maria‐Cláudia , De Angelis Katia , Malfitano Christiane
Published: June 2021

This study was designed to evaluate the lipid and oxidative stress profiles in diabetic rats that had undergone 15 days of myocardial infarction. Male Wistar rats were divided into control (C), diabetic (D), myocardial infarction (MI) and diabetic myocardial infarction (DMI). Left coronary artery occlusion was performed after 15 days of diabetes (STZ) and accompanied for more 15 days. The free fatty acids and triacylglycerol content and oxidative stress profile were determined by biochemical analysis in left ventricle. The free fatty acids were increased in DMI: 1.16±0.2 vs D: 0.45±0.09; MI: 0.72±0.1 and C: 0.4±0.05 mg/g of tissue, however the triacylglycerol was increased in D: 2.12±0.3 and decreased in DMI: 0.72±0.1 and MI: 1±0.2 vs C: 1.45±0.1 mg/g of tissue. The catalase activity was increased in DMI: 0.62±0.1; D: 0.56±0.09 vs C: 0.29±0.05 and MI: 0.35± 0.02 nmol/mg and glutathione peroxidase increased in DIM: 0.04±0.008 vs D: 0.02±0.003; MI: 0.02 ±0.0002 and C: 0.01±0.005 umol/min/mg. The superoxide anion and protein carbonylation were increased in MI group: 7±0.9 vs D:4±0.5; DIM:4±0.5 and C:4±0.4 O2‐mmoles/mg and MI:2.65 ± 0.36 vs D: 1.5 ± 0.24; DIM: 1.22 ± 0.2 and C: 1.45 ± 0.26 nmol/mg. These findings suggest that diabetic rats exposed to an ischemic injury showed an increase in the lipids utilization and an oxidative stress reduction, supporting previously published data of improvement of the cardiac function in these model.

Grant Funding Source: Fapesp
Triiodothyronine regulates indirectly Amphiregulin gene expression in estrogen‐positive breast cancer cell line. (LB494)
Authors: Conde Sandro , De Síbio Maria , De Oliveira Miriane , Moretto Fernanda , Olímpio Regiane , Luvizon Aline , Padovani Carlos , Nogueira Celia
Published: June 2021

Amphiregulin (AREG) is considered an oncogene whose expression is related to several types of cancer. Our group identified a triiodothyronine (T3) action on different genes of breast cancer cell lines through the microarray approach, including AREG; however, there are no works about how T3 regulates AREG gene expression. The relation between AREG and T3 remains unclear and, for this reason, in this study we are looking for nuclear and extra‐nuclear action of T3 on AREG gene expression in MCF‐7, an estrogen‐receptor‐positive breast cancer cell line. Cells were treated with 10‐8 M T3 for 10, 30, 60 and 240 minutes, separately. Treatments were organized with or without Cycloheximide (CHX ‐ 50uM), a protein synthesis inhibitor, and with or without Fulvestrant (ICI ‐ 1uM), an estrogen receptor antagonist. The mRNA was analyzed by real‐time PCR approach. T3 increases gene expression of AREG in MCF‐7 cell lines, independently of incubation time, but this action was converted to the control level when T3 was associated with CHX, indicating that prior protein synthesis is required in this process. Addition of ICI to T3 for 10 minutes augmented gene expression in relation to those cells treated only with T3, but after 30 minutes, ICI plus T3 decreased AREG gene expression when compared with T3 itself. Therefore, T3 regulation of AREG gene expression is dependent on prior protein synthesis and estrogen receptor. Estrogen receptor is necessary for AREG gene expression in contrary ways when comparing 10 minutes with 30, 60, 240 minutes. The alteration in AREG gene expression is dependent on the time elapsed after the treatment, indicating that metabolism changes could be altered after 10 minutes in T3‐dependent AREG gene expression.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by FAPESP grant 2009/15607‐2 and 2013/11111‐8
Non‐invasive ultrasound in the study of recombinant CTGF‐CT therapy in mice gastric cancer model (LB497)
Authors: Lee Hsinyu , Chang Cheng‐Chi , Chen Chia‐I , Chen Chiung‐Nien
Published: June 2021

Aim: Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has been known to play important roles in normal physiological conditions as well as pathological conditions. In gastric cancer, previous study has shown that CTGF expression elevation blocks the adhesion of gastric cancer cells to peritoneum in vitro and in vivo. In this study we aimed to purify CTGF from E. coli using a His‐tag purification system and setup a non‐invasive small animal model to study the effect of recombinant CTGF in gastric cancer progression.

Material and methods: Recombinant CTGF‐CT was purified using a His‐tag purification system. Gastric cancer cell was injected with or without recombinant CTGF‐CT into SCID mice intraperitoneally. Growth of gastric cancer tumor was observed using small animal ultrasound and survival was calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier survival probability assay.

Results: Recombinant CTGF‐CT was shown to have about 50% inhibition in in vitro adhesion assay (p‐value < 0.001). Ultrasound scans have shown higher average tumor sizes and numbers in non‐treated, and vehicle treated group compared to recombinant CTGF‐CT treated group. 100% mortality of mice in recombinant CTGF‐CT treated group compared to vehicle treated group and non‐treated group were at 2 months and 7 days, 1.5 months, and 1 month respectively.

Conclusion: Purified recombinant CTGF‐CT significantly reduced the number and size of gastric cancer tumors in mice determined using non‐invasive ultrasound and is a potential therapeutic drug in gastric cancer therapy.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by National Science Councel, Taiwan