bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrin-Linked Kinase Deficiency in Collecting Duct Principal Cell Promotes Necroptosis of Principal Cell and Contributes to Kidney Inflammation and Fibrosis
Authors: Huang Ming , Zhu Shuai , Huang Huihui , He Jinzhao , Tsuji Kenji , Jin William W. , Xie Dongping , Ham Onju , Capen Diane E. , Lu Weining , Păunescu Teodor G. , Yang Baoxue , Lu Hua A. Jenny
Published: October 2019

Significance Statement

Necroptosis has emerged as an important cell death pathway that contributes to inflammation and injury of many organs, including the kidney. The mechanisms underlying necroptosis are not well understood. The authors have identified a previously unrecognized important role of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in mediating necroptosis in collecting duct epithelial cell using genetically engineered mice to lack Ilk in the collecting duct principal cells of the kidney. These Ilk-knockout mice develop acute tubular injury, interstitial fibrosis and inflammation in the kidneys. Treating both the ILK inhibited cultured cells and ILK-deficient mice with a necroptosis inhibitor, necrostatin-1, reduced the harmful effects associated with the loss of ILK. The study shows that ILK plays an important role in regulating necroptosis in kidney tubular cells.

Background

Necroptosis is a newly discovered cell death pathway that plays a critical role in AKI. The involvement of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in necroptosis has not been studied.

Methods

We performed experiments in mice with an Ilk deletion in collecting duct (CD) principal cells (PCs), and cultured tubular epithelial cells treated with an ILK inhibitor or ILK siRNA knockdown.

Results

Ilk deletion in CD PCs resulted in acute tubular injury and early mortality in mice. Progressive interstitial fibrosis and inflammation associated with the activation of the canonical TGF-β signaling cascade were detected in the kidneys of the mice lacking ILK in the CD PCs. In contrast to the minimal apoptosis detected in the animals’ injured CDs, widespread necroptosis was present in ILK-deficient PCs, characterized by cell swelling, deformed mitochondria, and rupture of plasma membrane. In addition, ILK deficiency resulted in increased expression and activation of necroptotic proteins MLKL and RIPK3, and membrane translocation of MLKL in CD PCs. ILK inhibition and siRNA knockdown reduced cell survival in cultured tubular cells, concomitant with increased membrane accumulation of MLKL and/or phospho-MLKL. Administration of a necroptosis inhibitor, necrostatin-1, blocked cell death in vitro and significantly attenuated inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, and renal failure in ILK-deficient mice.

Conclusions

The study demonstrates the critical involvement of ILK in necroptosis through modulation of the RIPK3 and MLKL pathway and highlights the contribution of CD PC injury to the development of inflammation and interstitial fibrosis of the kidney.
Çöz-aktar röle-yardımlı-NOMA sistemlerinin hata başarımlarının analizi ve kullanıcılar arası adillik için bir güç paylaşım protokolü
Authors: KARA Ferdi , KAYA Hakan
Published: October 2019

Dikgen-olmayan çoklu erişim (non-orthogonal
multiple access -NOMA) sunduğu yüksek spektral verimlilik ve kitlesel iletişim
potansiyeli nedeniyle yeni nesil ağlar için önemli bir aday teknik
konumundadır. Ayrıca diğer fiziksel seviye teknikleriyle beraber kolayca
uygulanabilmesi de NOMA için önemli bir avantaj getirmektedir. İşbirlikli
iletişim ile NOMA’nın beraber kullanıldığı röle-yardımlı NOMA sistemleri yüksek
spektral verimlilik ve kitlesel iletişimin yanı sıra geniş kapsama alanı da
sunmaktadır. Bu nedenle son yıllarda çok sayıda çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Fakat,
yapılan çalışmaların çoğunda önerilen sistemler kesinti olasılığı ve toplam sistem
kapasitesi başarımları açısından ele alınmış olup bit hata başarımları göz ardı
edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, çöz-aktar (decode-forward -DF) protokolü kullanılan röle-yardımlı
NOMA sistemi için teorik uçtan uca (end-to-end -E2E) ortalama bit hata
olasılığı (average bit error probability -ABEP) ifadeleri kapalı-formda
türetilmiştir. Elde edilen ifadeler Monte Carlo benzetimleri ile doğrulanmıştır.
Sistemin E2E hata başarımı değişen sistem parametrelerine göre incelenmiştir. Ayrıca
hata başarımları açısından kullanıcılar arası adillik/eşitlik gözetilerek optimum
güç paylaşım katsayısının ne olması gerektiği tartışılmış ve oransal adillik
(proportional fairness -PF) indeksine göre optimumuma yakın bir güç paylaşımı
algoritması sunulmuştur.
18650 lityum-iyon ve 6HR61 nikel-metal hidrit tekrar şarj edilebilir pillerinin elektrokimyasal empedans analizi
Authors: MORALI Uğur , EROL Salim
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmada ikincil piller arasında yaygın olarak kullanılan ticari
18650 lityum-iyon ve 6HR61 nikel-metal hidrit pillerinin aynı hücre
potansiyeli, sabit sıcaklık ve frekans aralığındaki elektrokimyasal empedans
analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu iki tekrar şarj edilebilir pilin empedans
cevapları ve geliştirilen eşdeğer devre modeli ile pillerin önemli fiziksel
parametreleri saptanmıştır. Elde edilen parametreler ile pillerin enerji
depolama sistemlerinde tercih edilebilirliğini önemli ölçüde belirleyen
performans ve kapasite özellikleri kıyaslanmıştır. Bunun sonucunda, lityum-iyon
pilinin nikel-metal hidrit piline göre birçok üstün özelliğe sahip olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, kullanılan elektrokimyasal empedans spektroskopi
tekniği ile geliştirilen modelin, enerji ihtiyacının karşılanması ve gelecekte
üretilecek pillerin tasarımı için etkili olabileceği ve büyük bir potansiyele
sahip olduğu ortaya konmuştur.
K-boyutlu ağaç ve uyarlanabilir yarıçap (KD-AR Stream) tabanlı gerçek zamanlı akan veri kümeleme
Authors: ŞENOL Ali , KARACAN Hacer
Published: October 2019

Akan veri kümeleme, teknolojik
gelişmelere paralel olarak veri miktarının inanılmaz boyutlara ulaştığı
gümünüzün popüler konularından biridir. Akan veri kümeleme yaklaşımlarında
karşılaşılan en önemli problemler çoğu yaklaşımın çevrimiçi ve çevrimdışı
evreden oluşması, küme sayısını tanımlama veya bu sayıya bir sınır koyma
zorunluluğu, en doğru yarıçap değerini belirlemede yaşanan problemler ve
önerilen modellerin kendisini gelen yeni verilere adapte etmesinde (concept
evolution)  yaşanan problemlerdir. Bu
problemlerin yanında, neredeyse bu alandaki bütün çalışmaların sayısal miktar
tabanlı bir özetleme yapması da bazı uygulamalar için ihtiyacı
karşılamamaktadır. Oysa son 1 saniyede veya son 1 saatte gelen veriler şeklinde
çalışan zaman tabanlı bir özetleme yaklaşımına da ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çalışmada,
K-boyutlu ağaç, uyarlanabilir yarıçap tabanlı (KD-AR Stream) ve kümeleme
adaptasyonu özelliğine sahip gerçek zamanlı akan verileri kümeleyen bir
yaklaşım önerilmektedir. Önerdiğimiz yöntem SE-Stream, DPStream ve CEDAS
algoritmaları ile hem kümeleme başarısı hem de işlem performansı açısından
karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar KD-AR Stream algoritmasının diğer
algoritmalara göre yüksek bir kümeleme başarısını makul bir sürede
gerçekleştirdiğini göstermektedir.
Trabzon - Giresun arasında bulunan fındık bahçelerinde bazı ağır metallerin (Cr, Ni, Pb) tespiti ve değerlendirilmesi
Authors: PEHLİVAN Engin , ASLANTAŞ Rafet
Published: October 2019

Bu
çalışma, fındık tarımının yoğun olarak yapıldığı Trabzon ve Giresun il
merkezleri arasında belirlenen fındık bahçelerinden alınan bitki örnekleri üzerinde
gerçekleştirilmiştir.  Bu bahçeler, on
farklı lokasyon ve her lokasyonda üç farklı rakım aralıklarından oluşmaktadır. Bitki
örnekleri; aynı bahçedeki bitkilerden alınan yaprak, züruf, sert kabuk ve iç
meyveden (fındık) oluşmuştur. Bu örneklerdeki ağır metaller (Cr, Ni, Pb)
incelenmiştir. Örneklerdeki ağır metal içerikleri Yaş yakma tekniği uygulanarak
ISP-OES cihazında belirlenmiştir. Bitki örneklerinde Cr 0.21 – 2.09 ppm, Ni
3.58 – 7.33 ppm, Pb 0.29 – 1.70 ppm arasında tespit edilmiştir. Ağır metal
içeriği bakımından incelenen bitki örneklerinde, hem lokasyonlar arasında hem
de kollar arasında önemli farklar olduğu belirlenmiş, bu durum günümüzde ve
gelecekte önemli riskler taşıdığını göstermiştir.
A Comprehensive, Research-based, Peer Review and Self-evaluation Module for Integration into Combined Composition Classes for Second (L2) and Heritage (HL) Language Learners of Spanish
Authors: Ryan John M.
Published: October 2019

Second (L2) and heritage (HL) language learners face a variety of similar challenges when they approach the writing of Spanish compositions. Practitioners have often suggested peer editing as a prefinal step to help identify student writing errors that can be corrected before submission of a final product. However, some studies reveal that student writers do not always trust feedback from their classmates and hesitate to follow through with peer recommendations to the same extent they will from their instructors. This paper suggests an enhancement to the traditional peer editing process that combines a semester-long training program in peer and self-evaluation along with a research-based instrument for a more comprehensive evaluation of Spanish compositions. The instrument is versatile enough to serve students who place at different levels of proficiency along both L2 and HL learner continuums. The paper argues that by becoming a better peer evaluator, one in turn becomes a better self-evaluator. This new process returns control to students, creates more self-reliant writers, and empowers them to significantly improve their essays prior to submission. The paper concludes with the suggestion that if students adopt this process and continue its use it for future compositions, they can eventually become sufficiently trained to the point at which application of evaluation criteria becomes part of their normal mental routine before submitting any written work.
Reconceptualization of Local Wisdom through Kelong Makassar: A Semiotic Review of Michael Riffaterre
Authors: Hajrah Hajrah , Tang Rapi , Tahmir Suradi , Daeng Kembog
Published: October 2019

This study employs a qualitative descriptive research design. The data in this study are words in the lines and stanzas of Kelong Makassar containing the concept of Makassar local wisdom. The techniques of data collection users are reading, observation and document study. The data analysis technique used in this study is the interactive model of data analysis developed by Miles and Huberman (1992). The data analysis includes data collection, data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing/verification. The data were analyzed to obtain the concept of local wisdom through the meaning of Kelong Makassar. The results of this study reveal the meaning of Kelong based on the review of Michael Riffaterre's indirection of meaning and show that (1) displacement of meaning in this analysis was found through figurative language in the form of metaphor, metonymy, pars pro toto and personification, (2) distortion of meaning was found through ambiguity and contradiction, (3) creation of meaning was found through enjambment and typography.
A Study on Modifiers in the English Language
Authors: Gu Qingsong
Published: October 2019

Over the past few decades, due to the development of applied linguistics, many systematic and theoretical achievements have emerged in the field of English language structure. However, in most grammatical monographs, the reference to Modifier is very general and it lacks a complete and precise definition. In this paper, for the first time, the author studies Modifier as a grammatical unit, and systematically explores it in terms of definition, classification, position and research purpose, so as to understand and explain some other phenomena of linguistic structure in English from a new perspective.
A Study of the Humor in Mark Twain’s Classic Works
Authors: Wang Ling
Published: October 2019

Mark Twain is a famous critical realist writer in the late nineteenth Century. Through combining humor and irony, he makes a relentless expose and criticism of the ugly phenomena in American social life. Humor is a unique way of thinking in his mind; he used humor to bring laugh to human. At the same time, he mercilessly criticized the ugly social reality, a profound reflection of the human condition in the world of metaphysical philosophy explores. The excellent satirical art in a number of his works showed, not only became an independent school at the time of the American literature, but also had a profound impact on the future of American literature. In this article, the author uses humor as a clue, and narrates the art of humor in Mark Twain's classic novels, the author will describe about the specific language and writing techniques from some classic novels of Mark Twain, to explore the art of humor embodied in the novel and the consequences of humor, so as to let the readers have a more intuitive and profound understanding of Mark Twain's novels, and also show the expression of noble tribute to Mark Twain for his outstanding achievement.
Breaching the walls of academe: the case of five Afro-Caribbean immigrant women within United States institutions of higher education
Authors: Esnard Talia Randa
Published: October 2019

While a growing tendency among researchers has been for the examination of diverse forms of discrimination against Afro-Caribbean immigrants within the United States (US), the types of ambiguities that these create for framing the personal and professional identities of Afro-Caribbean women academics who operate within that space remain relatively absent. The literature is also devoid of substantive explorations that delve into the ways and extent to which the cultural scripts of Afro-Caribbean women both constrain and enable their professional success in academe. The call therefore is for critical examinations that deepen, while extending existing examinations of the lived realities for Afro-Caribbean immigrants within the US, and, the specific trepidations that they both confront and overcome in the quest for academic success while in their host societies.  Using intersectionality as the overarching framework for this work, we demonstrate, through the use of narrative inquiry, the extent to which cultural constructions of difference nuance the social axes of power, the politics of space and identity, and professional outcomes of Afro-Caribbean immigrant women who operate within a given context. These are captured within our interrogation of the structures of power that they confront and their use of culture to fight against and to break through institutional politics.
Psychometric properties of the Scale of Attitudes towards Pregnancy and Weight Gain in Mexican population
Authors: Guzman-Ortiz Elizabeth , Cárdenas-Villarreal Velia Margarita , Moral de la Rubia José , Meza Peña Cecilia
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Physical changes during pregnancy trigger a positive or negative emotional response to the body image of the future mother. Since this response can affect the health of the mother and the fetus, it is necessary to have valid instruments to evaluate body image in pregnant women. Objective. To validate in Spanish the Scale of Attitudes towards Pregnancy and Weight Gain in Mexican population. Method. The study was conducted in two phases: it was culturally adapted to determine the linguistic validity and then its psychometric properties were verified through confirmatory exploratory factor analysis. Results. Participants included 520 pregnant women over 18 attending prenatal consultation, with a mean age of 23.56 ± 5.89 and with a mean of 33.20 ± 6.69 gestation weeks. The exploratory analysis defined five components that explain 56.04% of the total variance of the 18 items with acceptable internal consistency (α = 78). Factor analysis confirmed five factors (negative attitude towards the increase of gestational weight, positive body image, control of gestational weight, concern over gestational weight and restrictive behavior in response to gestational weight) with adequate fit indices (χ2/gl = 2.57, IFI = .90, CFI = .90, RMSEA = .05 (90% CI [.048, .062], p =.12), SRMR = .05) Discussion and conclusion. The instrument has good psychometric properties and is recommended as a valid tool for assessing attitudes toward body image in Mexican women during the period of pregnancy.
Musicogramas para la interculturalidad: ¿Estamos preparados en Educación Primaria? / Musicograms for interculturality: are we prepared in primary education?
Authors: Azorín-Delegido José Manuel , Bernabé Villodre Mª del Mar
Published: October 2019

La especial idiosincrasia autonómica de España facilita la inclusión de músicas de otras culturas, que puede contribuir a favorecer la inclusión del alumnado hijo de inmigrantes. Se pretende mostrar cómo el profesorado de Primaria puede tener dificultades para educar interculturalmente, porque sus materiales no facilitan la comprensión de la alteridad cultural. Se ha realizado un estudio cuantitativo y  cualitativo centrado en revistas de temática musical. Un escaso número de revistas musicales han dedicado espacio a los musicogramas, que no se adecúan a la realidad pluricultural española. Los datos obtenidos demostraron que los materiales de uso didáctico no se adaptan a las necesidades interculturales del alumnado.
O conhecimento situado e a pesquisa-ação como metodologias feministas e decoloniais: um estudo bibliométrico
Authors: Selister-Gomes Mariana , Quatrin-Casarin Eduarda , Duarte Giovana
Published: October 2019

Sociology, since its emergence in the nineteenth century, was approximated to the Natural Sciences, in search of its scientificity. For this, objectivity and neutrality have become fundamental criteria. In spite of this tradition, Feminist Theory has argued in defense of a critical, engaged and transparent scientific position. In this scenario, the methodological proposals surrounding the Situated Knowledge and Action Research emerge. The present paper aims to: (1) describe the Situated Knowledge and the Action Research; (2) analyze how these perspectives are being used in Latin American Gender Studies; (3) encourage the use of these methodologies. For these purposes, we use the Bibliometric Research Method. The conclusions show a small number of articles using these methodologies, emphasizing the need to strengthen and spread this discussion.
Una aproximación sociológica crítica activista al estudio de salud y migración: el caso ecuatoriano
Authors: Villalón Roberta
Published: October 2019

Migratory processes test the physical, mental, and emotional well-being of migrants and their relatives that stay in their place of origin. This article presents an abridged analysis of an interdisciplinary and applied research developed between 2015 and 2019 about Ecuadorian migrants in the United States and Spain, relatives of migrants who stayed in Ecuador, and return migrants. By paying attention to health and migration histories, family dynamics, care practices, transnational intersections of social structures, and individual and collective agency, this study identifies health processes and conceptualizes psycho-sociocultural mechanisms that migrants and their relatives use to cope with migration-related health challenges. It discusses how the application of a critical, feminist, and activist theoretical-practical sociological approach provides a transformative vision to the traditional study of health and migration, which is effective to prevent and take care of health problems resulting from migration.
A comparative study of RIPASA score and modified Alvarado score in diagnosis of acute appendicitis
Authors: El Sherpiny Waleed Yusif
Published: October 2019

Background: Various diagnostic criteria have been described for diagnosing acute appendicitis. Of these, Alvarado score has been the most commonly used. The RIPASA score is a new diagnostic scoring system developed for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and showed higher sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy as compared to Alvarado score. we want to compare prospectively Alvarado and RIPASA score by applying them to patients attending emergency department complaining of right iliac fossa pain that could probably be acute appendicitis.Methods: Patients with clinically suspected acute appendicitis were classified according to both Alvarado and RIPASA scoring systems before undergoing surgery. Histopathological examination of the removed appendix was taken as the gold standard for diagnosis of acute appendicitis.Results: Among (90%) patients had histologically confirmed appendicitis. With the cut-off value greater than 7.5 for RIPASA score; sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic accuracy  were 88.2%, 14.5%, 73.1%, 32%,and 68% respectively. With the cut-off value greater than 7 for Alvarado score, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic accuracy and negative appendectomy rates were 51.2%, 80 %, 91 %, 29%, and 57%, respectively. 87.5% of patients were correctly stratified by RIPASA under higher probability group while only 45% were classified by Alvarado as high probability.Conclusions: RIPASA scoring system showed high sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy in comparison to Alvarado scoring system. So, it can be applied   for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
The dilemma of levothyroxine replacement timing: comparison of bedtime versus early-morning replacement of levothyroxine in post total thyroidectomy patients
Authors: Ferdinant Jabamalai , Rao Smitha S. , Chandru Kahrin Rakesh , Zahir Hussain
Published: October 2019

Background: Following total thyroidectomy levothyroxine replacement is imperative and required lifelong. There are many studies done to assess the effectiveness of levothyroxine administration in hypothyroid patients with intact thyroid gland. This study was intended to evaluate if bedtime dose of levothyroxine is same as early-morning replacement of levothyroxine in post total thyroidectomy patients.Methods: A randomized study was conducted on patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disorders from September 2017 to August 2018 at endocrine surgery department in a tertiary care institute (South India). Patients were randomly assigned into two groups by chit method, Group A received levothyroxine early morning one hour before food and the Group B received levothyroxine at bedtime two hours after food up to 3 months. 6 weeks and 12 weeks fT4 (freeT4) and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) were measured during follow up.Results: A total of 123 patients were recruited and randomized into either of the study groups. 58 patients in Group A and 53 patients in Group B were considered for statistical evaluation. At 6th and 12th week assessment mean TSH level of early-morning group and bedtime group had no statistical difference. At 6th week assessment, mean fT4 level of bedtime group was insignificantly than the early morning group. At 12th week assessment, mean fT4 level of bedtime group was higher than early-morning group, and the difference was also statistically significant (p=0.0005).Conclusions: Clinicians may consider prescribing levothyroxine at bedtime as an alternative to the conventional morning dose.
Mucinous adenocarcinoma within an anal fistula in a patient with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Montes María Riaza , Olabarria Unai De Andrés , Bergara Izaskun Badiola , Porras Vicente Portugal , Aguirre Francisco Javier Ibáñez
Published: October 2019

Anal mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare entity, representing approximately 5-11% of all anal cancers. Sometimes it is associated with chronic inflammation of long-standing anal fistula as it may occur in patients with Crohn's disease. In this case, cancer usually goes unnoticed owing to the inflammatory disease; therefore, a degree of uncertainty surrounds initially the diagnosis. We report a case of a 62-year-old man with A2 L3 B3p Crohn’s disease who also presents a perianal mucinous pseudocyst that is removed. Histological examination reveals a mucinous pseudocyst. At the two-year follow-up, we observe the recurrence of the cyst within an anal fistula. Scheduled non-oncologic surgery is performed with resection of the cyst and tutoring of the fistula with seton. Histological examination reveals mucinous adenocarcinoma. With no evidence of metastasis in the extension study, the patient is subjected to radical surgery with abdominoperineal resection. After 3 years and 11 months, a follow-up is carried out and there is no evidence of recurrence or distant metastasis. Mucinous adenocarcinoma within an anal fistula is a challenge in its diagnosis and its treatment due to the anecdotal nature of the cases. Given the high local risk of recurrence, radical surgery is recommended, occasionally associating neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy if the neoplasm is locally advanced.
Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding work related hazards among salt workers in Marakkanam, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Cherian Johnson , Singh Zile , Bazroy Joy , Purty Anil J. , Natesan Murugan
Published: October 2019

Background: The salt pan workers are exposed to severe health hazards like extreme heat, intense manual labour, direct contact with salt, sunlight glare from salt crystals. This paper describes their knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding their work related hazards as well as availability and use of personal protective equipments (PPEs).Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in 4 randomly selected villages among the 10 salt worker villages in Marakkanam, Tamil Nadu.  A house to house survey of the selected villages enrolled 331 salt workers.  The data was collected using a pre designed and pre tested questionnaire.Results: Majority of salt worker (78.5%) reported of being aware of one or more hazards like physical stress (70.7%), direct sunlight (38.7%) and glare from salt crystals (16%) in salt work that resulted in musculoskeletal problems, ophthalmic problems, headache and giddiness. 87% of the salt workers were aware of one or the other personal protective equipments.  However, only less than 10% were using the conventional PPEs. The reasons for not using PPE were mainly inconvenience in using and PPE not provided by the employer.Conclusions: Most of the study population is aware of the hazards as well as one or the other methods of protective equipment but actual use of PPE is very low because of non-availability and perception of inconvenience in using them. There is a large gap between awareness and practice regarding PPE usage among these salt workers.
The effect of pursed lip breathing exercise against decrease of breathing levels in chronic obstruction pulmonary disease
Authors: Morika Honesty Diana , Sari Indah Komala , Sandra Rhona , Arman Eliza
Published: October 2019

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease that is a problem throughout the world where its prevalence, morbidity and mortality are increasing every year. The high number of COPD visits is due to persistent and progressive shortness of breath complaints. Existing pharmacological therapies for COPD have not shown improvement in the long-term decline in pulmonary function that is a hallmark of COPD. It is very necessary for companion therapy that is non-pharmacological treatment is expected to be able to complete pharmacological treatment in reducing shortness of breath of COPD patients with pursed-lip breathing exercise.Methods: This study uses a quassy experiment design with two group pretest and posttes design approaches. This study was in obstructive pulmonary disease patients in the lung hospital in West Sumatra with an intervention group of 16 and a control of 16 respondents. Data analysis using univariate and bivariate using independent t-test statistics.Results: The results showed the average decrease in shortness of breath in the control group without pretest 3.19 and posttest 2.56 in the pretest pursed lip breathing exercise intervention group 3.19 and posttest performed 1.69. Test statistic p-value 0.026.Conclusions: There is an effect of pursed lip breathing exercise on reducing the level of shortness of breath in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Implications of the human immunodeficiency virus test and treat strategy on antiretroviral treatment uptake and retention outcomes in Cameroon
Authors: Awoh Rogers A. , Ekane Halle G. , Dzudie Anastase , Thomas Egbe O. , Adedimeji Adebola , Jules Assob N.
Published: October 2019

Background: Success of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test-and-treat (T&T) strategy requires high antiretroviral (ART) uptake and retention. However, low ART uptake and retention continue to be reported in ART programs. This study assessed ART uptake and retention outcomes of the HIV T&T strategy in three HIV clinics in Cameroon.Methods: A retrospective chart review was done for 423 patients who initiated HIV care within a period of three months prior to the implementation of the HIV T&T strategy, and for another 423 patients who initiated HIV care within a three-month period following the HIV T&T strategy implementation. For each group, sociodemographic, ART uptake and retention data were collected. Chi square and Student T tests were used to test for differences proportions and means between the two groups at p <0.05 and 95% confidence interval.Results: The mean ages (years) in the pre-T&T and the T&T groups were 39.73 and 39.72, and the proportion of female were 65.85% and 65.08% respectively. ART uptake proportion was higher amongst those enrolled under the T&T strategy (98.08% vs 95.39%, p=0.02). A greater proportion of the patients in the T&T group initiated ART within 2 weeks following HIV diagnosis (55.84% vs 48.17%, p=0.03). However, ART retention at 24th month was lower in the T&T group (78.83% vs. 85.79%, p=0.01).Conclusions: The findings suggest that the T&T strategy is associated with higher ART uptake, earlier ART initiation, and lower ART retention. This underscores a need for strategies to improve ART retention under the HIV T&T guidelines.
A study on disability in terms of activities of daily living among elderly in Palam village of west Delhi
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Rasania S. K. , Das Ranjan
Published: October 2019

Background: Aging, an integral part of living, typically is accompanied by gradual but progressive physiological changes and an increased prevalence of acute and chronic illness. Although neither a disease nor disability per se, aging nonetheless is associated with a high incidence of physical impairment as well.The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of activities of daily living (ADL) disability in elderly living in Palam village of Delhi.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the prevalence of ADL disability in elderly living in Palam village of Delhi using Barthel ADL index. It uses ten variables describing ADL and mobility. The sample size was estimated to be 350 and systematic random sampling was used to choose the study subjects.Results: The prevalence of ADL disability was found to be 20.3% in the study population. This was found to be 16.3% in males and 23.9% in females.Conclusions: After obtaining adequate data on elderly having difficulty in performing their routine activities of daily living, appropriate steps needs to be taken to mitigate its ill effects which should also address their health care needs and help them to live a healthy and good quality life.
Role of physical activity on mental health and academic performance among medical students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jose Joseph , M. V. Sruthi
Published: October 2019

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) defines physical activity as “any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Since medical education is considered stressful due to voluminous academics, it leaves little time for the students to relax and recreate. Hence the present study had been undertaken with an aim to study various trends of physical activity, health status and academic performance among medical students and to find out any association between physical activity and health status, academic performance of medical students.Methods: A cross-sectional study had been undertaken among 2nd and 3rd year MBBS students of our medical college. Physical activity was assessed using GPAQ version 2 questionnaire and mental status of students was measured using hospital anxiety and depression scale. Height, weight, and BMI, of each student along with demographic details were collected. The total percentage of any one of the internal marks of each student was taken for assessing the academic performance.Results: Out of total 150 medical students it was found that 44% of medical students were physically inactive and 40.7% of them were highly active. Majority of female students 70.3% were physically inactive and overweight and obesity were higher among them when compared with male students. But anxiety and depressive symptoms were higher among male students. There was statistically significant difference in association between level of physical activity and mental health. The academic performance also increased with increase in physical activity.Conclusions: Physical activity and mental health are related proportionally and it bears a positive influence on the education of the youth. The regular physical activity improves the mental status and academic performance among students.
Myths and unhealthy wound practices regarding animal bite among subjects attending anti rabies clinic in a South Delhi municipal corporation polyclinic in Mehrauli, Delhi
Authors: Arora Shweta , Ray T. K. , Gupta Ekta , Joseph Blessy , K. Arunraj , Rasania S. K.
Published: October 2019

Background: Rabies is one of the highly fatal diseases, with nearly fifty nine thousand deaths annually globally and almost one third of these are in India. Higher rates of dog bites are common in our country, due to large stray dog population. Despite a preventable disease, unhealthy wound practices are still prevailing in the community due to lot of myths related to the disease. The objectives of the study were to assess the magnitude of unhealthy wound practices and to assess the knowledge regarding health seeking behaviour following animal bite.Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study conducted at SDMC Polyclinic, Mehrauli, Delhi from January to December 2015. A total of 160 cases of animal bite that attended OPD and consented were analysed for knowledge, practices and health seeking behaviour towards animal bite.Results: Out of total 160 respondents almost all were bitten by dogs of which 2/3rd was stray dogs and most common site of bite was lower limb. 55% of the subjects did not wash or clean the wounds after bite. 27% of subjects applied chilli powder or its paste with oil and 2.5% used oil and turmeric paste and 1.9% oil on the wound. Only 41.9% of the subjects believed that vaccination is the treatment of the choice following animal bite.Conclusions: Intensive health education through mass media and mid media can be used to create awareness about the disease transmission and preventive measures like wound management and post-exposure prophylaxis. Also, pet vaccination should be made mandatory for all those who keep pets.
Study of demographic profile of animal bite cases and management practices in a dedicated anti rabies clinic of a tertiary care hospital, Hassan, Karnataka
Authors: Gowda Praveen , K. J. Subhashini , Metri Siddharam S. , Sundar M.
Published: October 2019

Background: Animal bites cause a big burden in terms of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. These bites could be caused by rabid animals causing rabies. Annually about 59,000 persons die of rabies, of which 20,000 is from India alone. Rabies though 100% fatal is preventable with post-exposure prophylaxis which includes wound wash, anti-rabies vaccination (ARV) and rabies immunoglobulin. The objectives of the present study was to describe the demographic profile of animal bite cases and to assess the management practices of animal bite cases reporting to dedicated anti-rabies clinic (ARC) of a tertiary care hospital, Hassan, Karnataka.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from the inception of anti-rabies clinic (12th October 2017) to August 2018 among animal bite cases reported to ARC. They were interviewed by using a semi-structured, pre-designed and pre-tested proforma. Data regarding socio-demographic profile were collected from the animal bite victims. All the animal bite cases were managed as per WHO guidelines.Results: The total number of animal bite victims reported to ARC during the study period was 3500. Majority of the bite victims belonged to adult population (20-60 years). Majority were males (66.2%). 77% belonged to the rural population. Dogs (97.1%) were the most common biting animal. 79% of the bites were provoked. Turmeric powder was the most commonly used irritant. Most bites belonged to Category III (84%). Category I, II, III bites were managed appropriately according to WHO guidelines.Conclusions: Knowing the burden, socio-demographic characteristics and the management of animal bite victims in the dedicated ARC of HIMS has helped the programme officer in implementing the National Rabies Control Programme in Hassan district.
A study on length of stay and its predictors among dengue patients in a tertiary care institute in Lucknow
Authors: Mishra Sandhya , Chopra Deepak , Jauhari Nidhi , Ahmad Ausaf
Published: October 2019

Background: Dengue virus infection is a growing health problem and is prevalent throughout India. Research focusing on length of hospital stay and its predictors is scarce from India. This is important considering the burden of the disease during epidemics and impact on hospital admissions. Hence the study was conducted with the objectives to find out the factors influencing the length of stay in hospital of dengue patients.Methods: A cross sectional retrospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care hospital from August 2016 to October 2016. Data was retrieved from case sheets at Medical Record Department of 350 lab confirmed adult dengue patients admitted in the hospital.Results: The majority of patients admitted were of economically productive age group of 18-45 years and males indicating the occupational exposure to the vector of dengue. The study found that majority had length of stay of less than a week and as age increases the length of stay also increases (statistically significant). The nil case fatality and lesser number of mean days of symptoms before admission possibly indicate that early arrival of patients to hospital can lead to very low fatality rates. Further research required to find out the other predictors of length of stay.Conclusions: The study concludes that the dengue affects the economically productive age group and more males thereby indicating occupational exposure to the vector. The age of the patient can be used as an indicator to the length of stay in the hospital.
Awareness and knowledge of breast cancer and its screening methods among female undergraduate Allied Health Science students of a college in semi urban Chennai
Authors: Safrina M. Afsar , Maiya G. Rakesh , Akram G. Waseem , Jain Timsi
Published: October 2019

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women and the second most common cancer overall. There were over 2 million new cases in 2018 diagnosed worldwide. The Indian Council of Medical Research found that an estimated 1.5 lakh new cases of breast cancer were reported in 2016, making it the most common cancer among Indians.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted with the total sample size of 256 female participants which includes first year to interns. Pre-designed semi structured questionnaire was given to the students. The knowledge was assessed in terms of risk factors, symptoms, methods of diagnosis and self-breast examination. The statistical analysis used was MS Excel 2019.Results: Out of 256 female undergraduate Allied health science students, 142 (55.47%) had good knowledge while 114 (44.53%) had poor awareness and knowledge about breast cancer and its screening methods.Conclusions: As many of the students have low knowledge on breast cancer and its screening techniques. Hence some activities on breast cancer should be planned to improve the awareness among Allied health science students.
Knowledge and predictors of retention of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device among users in rural areas of Nadia district, West Bengal, India
Authors: Sharma Jitu , Pal Jayita
Published: October 2019

Background: Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) is a safe, highly effective postpartum contraceptive, yet to be popularized at the community level in a diversified developing country like India where still the unmet need for spacing remains high. This study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding PPIUCD among users and the predictors of its retention.Methods: A case-control study had been conducted using multi-stage sampling technique in Nadia district of West Bengal. Face to face interviews of the cases and the controls had been done with the help of a predesigned pretested semi-structured schedule. Data were entered in MS Excel and analysed in SPSS 20.0 version.Results: Majority of the acceptors (55.2%) had poor knowledge regarding PPIUCD. Most of the participants (62.2%) retained their PPIUCD at least for 6 months. Acceptors who belonged to Hindu religion, higher socio-economic class (I and II), nuclear family, educated up to or above secondary level, ever counselled on PPIUCD, satisfied using that in day to day life, undergone follow-up visits and had correct knowledge regarding different aspects of PPIUCD had higher odds of retention of PPIUCD.Conclusions: Regular awareness campaigns, counselling at household level, advocacy are the utmost needs of the hour to motivate the eligible couple for its acceptance and retention.
Constructive actions for decrease in acoustic loading in the assembly and protective block 81ks
Authors: Popov Pavel , Igolkin Alexander
Published: October 2019

On the basis of the experimental works which are carried out in TsAGI laboratories necessary parameters of coefficients of mechanical losses, absorption coefficients, coefficients of distribution and sound insulation for composite samples with drawing on their surfaces of different sound-absorbing materials which have allowed to reduce loading on adaptable spacecraft to the total mean square level of the acoustic pressure which is not exceeding 140,6 dB are received. In work the rated scheme of research of decrease in acoustic loadings is given and comparison of theoretical and experimental data is given. Results of rated pilot studies have been confirmed with design tests of launch vehicle "Soyz-2".
Vibration resistance of the automatic device of axial unloading of the tpu
Authors: Gulienko Anatoly
Published: October 2019

The results of vibration resistance research of automatic device axial unloading of turbopump unit (TPU) are reviewed. The mathematical model of the device of this type is developed. She allows to define at a design stage influence on vibration resistance system key parameters - a range of regulation of axial force, volume of the unloading chamber and compressibility of a working liquid. Frequency characteristics vibration activity and transients on axial moving of a rotor influences in the form of jump and blow are resulted.
Evaluation of the dynamic load of valve elements for determining the optimal parameters of the unit
Authors: Kondrashov Yuriy , Ermilova Elena , Vidyaskina Anna
Published: October 2019

The article proposes a generalized mathematical model of the valve, based on the representation of its structural diagram in the form of interconnected viscoelastic elements. According to the proposed method, a pneumatic valve with a seal on the basis of polycarbonate PK-M-3 was calculated. Values of speed of movement of the plate of the valve, at which collisions of elements of the valve seal occur, accompanied by vibration of the whole body, are determined. The analysis showed that the proposed mathematical model with sufficient accuracy simulates the dynamic processes when the pneumatic valve is triggered. The developed mathematical model makes it possible to justify the implementation of accelerated life tests for the failure of valve seals.
Study of the effect of the diameter of the case of the safety valve on his hydraulic resistance coefficient
Authors: Igolkin Aleksandr , Isaev Sergey
Published: October 2019

The article discusses the dependence of the parameters of the safety valve on the geometry of the flow part. Direct-action single-stage safety valve is selected for the study. The influence of its case diameter on the hydraulic resistance coefficient was researched. A computational experiment was conducted using the Ansys Fluent software package. As a result, it is found that when the ratio of the plate diameter to the saddle diameter is 1.3 then a decrease of the body diameter to a value less than two diameters of the saddle is resulting in a significant increase of the coefficient of hydraulic resistance
TREATMENT MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH MANDIBULAR MICROGNATHIA AND RETROGNATHISM IN INCOMPLETED FACIAL SKELETON GROWTH PERIOD
Authors: Меграбян Ольга , Megrabyan Olga , Ишмурзин Павел , Ishmurzin Pavel
Published: October 2019

Importance. The choice of management and orthodontic appliance construction is fundamental in planning and treatment of patients with mandibular micrognathia and/ or retrognathism.

The aim ― is evaluation of treatment effectiveness of patients with mandibular micrognathia and/ or retrognathism in incompleted facial skeleton growth period.

Methodoloty. Base of the research was Children dentistry and orthodontics department of E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University. The object of the research is 98 patients aged from 5,5 to 16 (42 girls and 56 boys) with distal occlusion and mandibular micrognathia and/ or retrognathism. Data for study were lateral cephalograms, profile images, clinical study results before and after orthodontic treatment.

Results. It was determined that the largest increase in mandible size and its position normalization is observed in the treatment of patients with CS2, CS3 cervical vertebral maturation stages. In patients with CS5 cervical vertebral maturation stage and overjet more than 6 mm we use a symptomatic treatment principle for distal occlusion correction.

Results application area ― orthodontists practice.

Conclusions. This data may be used in prognosis of orthodontic treatment outcome and retentional period in patients with distal occlusion.
PARTICIPATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: PROSPECTS FOR INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Bila-Tiunova Liubov , Bilous-Osin Tetiana , Kozachuk Diana , Vasylkivska Victoriia
Published: October 2019

Purpose: Determination of possible ways to increase the effectiveness of interaction between civil society institutions and public administration subjects in Ukraine through the use of international experience; determination of a unified concept of management humanization and democratization and proposal of specific recommendations for reforming the existing public administration system in Ukraine.

Methodology: General and specific methods of scientific knowledge were applied during the research: a system analysis method, a dialectical method, a formal-logical method, a structural-functional method, and empirical methods.

Result: The authors concluded that there is poor interaction between the public administration subjects and the civil society institutions in Ukraine. In order to increase the positive effect of introducing new forms of civil participation in public administration, it is important to popularize citizens’ e-participation in public administration. Free access to the electronic reflection of activities of any public administration subject allows simplifying public participation in making specific decisions.

Applications: The results of the research are believed to be interesting and useful for domestic legislators and public administration subjects at actualization of tendencies to administration democratization and humanization.

Novelty/Originality: The results are obtained independently and original (no analogues or incorrect borrowings). The research subject is considered in Ukraine for the first time and seems to be prospective for further development.