bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Liquid Soap Based on Used Cooking Oil Sources
Authors: Anom Yuarini Dewa Ayu , Putra G. P. Ganda , Suryawan Wiranatha Anak Agung Putu Agung , Wrasiati Luh Putu , Mahendra Putra I Gede Arie
Published: December 2024

Fats and oils that have been used in the cooking and frying process in food processing industries such as restaurants or fast food, households or at the consumer level are called Used Cooking Oil (UCO). Bali Province produced 3.3 million L/month of UCO and has not been managed properly, which has a disadvantageous impact on the environment (soil, water, and agricultural land. To overcome that, it was necessary to conduct research on processing UCO into non-food products, such as liquid soap. This study aimed to determine the effect of UCO sources on the characteristics of liquid soap and the best characteristics of liquid soap from UCO sources. A simple Randomized Group Design (RGD) with treatment UCO Sources grouped into UCO From Vegetable Food Processing, UCO From Animal Food Processing, and UCO from Mixed Food (Vegetable and Animal) processing was used in this research. The data obtained was analyzed with Minitab 19. The best results were obtained from UCO from animal food processing which produced the best liquid soap characteristics with a viscosity value of 549.20 m.Pas; pH of 7.49; specific gravity of 1.12 g/ml; humidity of 93.40%; the foam height at the 0th minute was 3.45%; the foam height at the 5th minute was 2.88%, with foam stability of 82.63%.
Bacopa monnieri L “Brahmi”: An Ayurvedic Herb with Promising Antibacterial Properties and its Future Application in Oral Hygiene
Authors: Ganesh Prajapati Anil Kumar , Shashikanth Dasari Bony
Published: December 2024

The investigation explores the characteristics of Bacopa monnieri, a renowned herb in Ayurvedic medicine referred to as 'Brahmi' for its wide-ranging applications in pharmacology, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, etc., showcasing efficacy against ulcers, inflammation, and asthma. The present study explores the antibacterial potential of B. monnieri for oral hygiene, particularly its impact on dental caries causing microorganisms, demonstrating favorable outcomes in both traditional and modern medical practices, offering cognitive enhancement and overall health benefits. The research aims to assess the antibacterial effectiveness against oral bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) utilizing the agar cup/plate technique by testing six different concentrations of methanolic extract derived from Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell. The results indicate that Bacopa monnieri Methanolic extract (BmMe) exhibits significant antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, with a concentration-dependent response observed in the zone of inhibition (ZOI) diameters, sup-ported by the presence of various bioactive compounds identified through phytochemical screening, suggesting its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent and encouraging further exploration for incorporating it into mouthwash formulations as an innovative oral hygiene practices.
Detection of the Production of KPC, NDM, OXA-48, VIM and IMP-Type Carbapenemases by Gram-Negative Bacilli in Resource-Limited Setting
Authors: Gaël Simo Gabin , Nda Mefo’o Jean Pierre , Temfemo Abdou , Ngondi Grace , Okalla Ebongue Cecile , Pascal Ngaba Guy , Roddy Mengue Emmanuel , Petouonchi Njoya Abdou Aziz , Juste Patient Mbebi Enone , Adiogo Dieudonne
Published: December 2024

Increased bacterial antibiotic resistance is a global public health problem; this problem is all the more worrying with the appearance and spread of carbapenemases. This study aimed to identify the production and distribution of carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacilli isolated in Douala. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to March 2024 (1 year two months)). Included in the study were all strains of Gram-negative bacilli isolated in one of the two selected hospitals and resistant to at least 3 classes of antibiotics (multi-resistant). These strains were identified using biochemical tests with colorimetric revelation (Vitek 2). After which, they were subjected to an antibiogram by the agar diffusion method with a range of 20 standard antibiotics. Once confirmed to be multi-resistant, the strains were tested for the production of one of the five carbapenemases detected by immunochromatographic technique (OXA-48, NDM, IMP, VIM, KPC) using the rapid detection kit "NG-TEST/CARBA 5”. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using Epi info version 7.2.2.6 and Excel 2013 software. A total of 475 strains of gram-negative bacilli were collected during the study period, 40 multi-resistant strains were identified, mainly in the ECBU samples (47.0%); 37.5% of the multi-resistant strains produced the carbapenemases detected with a higher frequency at the General Hospital (53.3%). NDM-type carbapenemase was the most frequently identified (47.1%); The prevalence of carbapenemase production was higher in E. coli (66.7%), which was also the most isolated species (22.5%) Amikacin was the most active antibiotic on multi-strains resistant and carbapenemase-producing strains OXA-48 and NDM. The production of carbapenemases is increasing given the figures obtained in this study compared to those obtained in 2018.
Phenotypic Detection and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Clinical Isolates at Maternal & Child Tertiary Care Hospital-Western Rajasthan
Authors: Agrawal Richa , Bhagat Pinky , Singh Parihar Rajendra
Published: December 2024

Methicillin Resistant Stahylococcus aureus (MRSA) continue to be a major nosocomial pathogen causing increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emergence of hospital acquired MRSA strain posses great challenge for treatment leading to higher morbidity and mortality. This was a retrospective study done in a tertiary care hospital from November 2022 to July 2023. Various clinical samples such as pus, blood, CSF, vaginal swab, pleural aspirate were received & processed and Staphylococcus aureus species were identified as per standard laboratory protocol. AST was performed & MRSA was detected by disc diffusion test as per CLSI guideline 2022. Total 214 Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. 142 were MRSA, 72 were MSSA. Maximum number of Staphylococcus aureus (both MRSA & MSSA) were isolated from blood (48.13%) followed by pus (42.05%). MSSA were found 100% sensitive to Amikacin, & Lenezolid followed by Cotrimoxazol (97.22%), Piperacillin –tazobactam (97.22%), gentamicin (95.83%). MRSA strain 100% sensitive to Linezolid followed by Amikacin (95.77%), Gentamicin (91.54%) and Ciprofloxacin (72.53%). The result showed that Staphylococcus aureus isolated were resistant to most of the commonly used antibiotics. MRSA isolates were found sensitive to Linezolid, Amikacin and ciprofloxacin. There is need to establish antimicrobial surveillance system which will help in making antibiotic policy to prevent overuse and misuse of antibiotics.
Isolation and Identification of Entomopathogenic Fungi from Soils of Tea Ecosystem in South India
Authors: Kunnu Ashif Kammatteri , Parambil Rabeesh Thattante , Ashokraj Shanmugam , Babu Annet , Ajith M. L.
Published: December 2024

In this section we report the outcomes of our survey to identify native isolates of entomopathogenic fungi from South Indian tea-growing regions. Numerous isolates are from the genera Metarizhium sp. and Beauveria sp. were retrieved from the four regions of south India where cultivate tea. Among the 180 samples, 50 isolates of an entomopathogenic fungus have been identified. The isolated fungi performed exceptionally well in controlling insects, and they might be mass-produced in the future to manage pests effectively.
Impact of Nano Zinc Oxide (nZnO) Dietary Supplementation on Crossbred Calves Growth Performance
Authors: Ajay Barman , Lakhyajyoti Borah , Robin Bhuyan , Talukdar P. , Reema Saikia , Shrikant Katole , Meenakshi Kalita
Published: December 2024

An investigation on the impact of supplementation with nano zinc oxide (nZnO) on crossbred calves' growth performance was carried out. Twenty Four numbers of crossbred calves (Jersey × Holstein Friesian) of 6-9 months age were randomly assigned to three groups containing 8 number of animals in each group- T0, T1 and T2. The T0, T1, and T2 groups, which received supplements containing inorganic ZnO @ 40mg/kg DM, Nano ZnO@ 10mg/kg DM and Nano ZnO @ 20mg/kg DM, respectively, in addition to the basic diet. The findings of the experiment confirm that the average daily gain (g/day) and body weight gain (kg) were significantly (P<0.01) greater in the T2 group, T1 group came in second, and the T0 group had the lowest gains. In terms of cost per kg weight gain (Rs) was lowest in T2 group. From the current study, it can be concluded that nano zinc can be supplemented in calf ration up to 20mg /kg DMI for their economic growth rate.
Association Between Toxoplasmosis in Cats and FeLV, FIV in Kuwait State
Authors: Ibrahim M. , Mohamed I. M. F. , E Suliman Siham , Abdalla M. A.
Published: December 2024

This study conducted in Animal House Veterinary Hospital Salymia region, Kuwait state and its focuses on the domestic cats because of the majority of families in Kuwait have cats and other pets in their homes and this importance reflected on the Public health, especially in the zoonotic disease. The blood samples were collected monthly from the cats that visited the hospital at the rate of 10 to 15 blood samples per month in different age, sex, and breed and the blood were collected from cephalic vein and its placed in Plain tube and it was stored at -20C until the analysis time in Animal House Veterinary Hospital Laboratory. Immunochromatography assay was used for determination of anti-Toxoplasma gondii specific IgG, IgM and Virology to detect Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) Antigen and Feline Immunodeficiency virus antibody detection in serum samples. The obtained result of a 120 samples was,37 cats infected by T.gondii (IgM) with sero-prevalence rate 30.8%, 72 cats infected by T.gondii (IgG) with sero-prevalence rate 60%,the total sero –prevalence rate of T.gondii (IgM, IgG) was 109(90.8%), 18 cats sero –positive for FeLV with sero-prevalence rate 15% and 31 cats sero-positive for FIV with sero –prevalence 25.8%. Nowadays the majority of families in Kuwait have cats as a pet this study provide more information about the risk of Toxoplasmosis for the public health in Kuwait state.
Evaluation of chemically characterized Ocimum tenuiflorum L. essential oil as phytopreservative against fungal deterioration of Justicia adhatoda L. raw materials during storage
Authors: Rao Rajneesh , Kumari Sanyogita , Kumar Ashok
Published: December 2024

The stored herbal raw materials (HRMs) of Justicia adhatoda were found associated with spores of various storage fungi in which Cladosporium cladosporioides exhibited the highest relative density (25.02%) followed by Aspergillus flavus (22.49%) and A. niger (21.46%). The chemical composition of Ocimum tenuiflorum essential oil (OtEO) showed 41 considerable peaks. Eugenol (61.30%) was found as major component followed by β- Caryophyllene (11.89%), Germacrene D (9.14%), α- Cubebene (2.54%) and Carvacrol (2.04%). OtEO showed broad spectrum fungitoxicity and MIC against A. flavus DDUGU-07 was recorded at 0.5 mg/ml while aflatoxin B1 production was completely checked at 0.3 mg/ml. The high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of fumigated HRMs of J. adhatoda reveals that OtEO was found effective in control the degradation or chemical transformation of medicinal component, vasicine found in J. adhatoda. Hence, OtEO having exclusive merit to possessing antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and broad fungitoxic spectrum strengthening its safe exploitation as green preservative.
Morphological Variability Analysis of Rhizoctonia solani Isolates Causing Sheath Blight of Rice
Authors: Nabi Zarka , Wani T. A. , Bhat F. A. , Anwar Ali , Farooq Mahreena , A. Sheikh Tahir , Jeelani Wani Fehim , Ali Angrej , Shabir Zohra , Ahmad Dar Ishan , Ah Ahanger Farooq , Manzoor Subaya , Gulzar Humira
Published: December 2024

Over half of the world's population depends on rice for their primary food supply. In 2020, 164.19 million hectares of rice were cultivated worldwide, with an annual yield of 756.74 million tons. In India, which is the world's second-largest producer and consumer with an area of 45.00 million hectares and a projected production of 178.30 million tonnes in 2020, rice cultivation is the backbone of the agricultural economy. There are several constraints in the production of rice of which diseases caused by fungi are responsible for major economic losses. Rice is mostly challenged by blast, sheath blight, brown spot, grain discolouration etc. Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a destructive disease in rice and is considered world’s significant disease, second most predominant after blast disease and may reduce yield by 45%. The present study was carried out at Wadura (J & K) in the Faculty of Agriculture, Division of Plant Pathology (SKUAST–K) during 2022 and 2023. In this study, the morphological variations in the population of R. solani were examined. Fifty isolates were obtained from various rice-growing districts in Kashmir. The pathogen was identified using morphological traits; the morphological characters of Rhizoctonia solani were examined based on colony colour, growth pattern and hyphal width. There was a great deal of variation among these R. solani isolates.
Stimulation of Plant Growth by Microbes Synthesizing Melanin
Authors: F. Razikova Malikaxon , M. Sayidxonov Toyirxon , Kh. Kuchkarova Dilafruz , V. Voitka Dmitry , A. Khujamshukurov Nortoji
Published: December 2024

In this work, the effect of a new generation biopreparation (btmstr-biopreparation) based on the metabolites of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum and the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis on the yield of mungbean plant was studied. According to the results of btmstr-biopreparation, prepared from the culture fluid of the Trichoderma harzianum sp.76 strain synthesizing ISC, as well as from a mutant strain of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis synthesizing melanin, showed the possibility of obtaining a harvest 77.4% more than the control variant (Btnms biopreparation), or 61.4% more compared to the template an option. During the research, it was found that under production conditions, various aphids, mustache, candela, grass moth, leaf beetles and fungi causing fusarium, as well as microbial objects causing bacterial spotting occur on the mungbean plant. Therefore, this biopreparation is recommended for use to increase the yield of agricultural plants and combat various diseases and pests.
Manufacturing of Non-Traditional Foods: Problems and Prospects
Authors: O. Ikromov Temur , Kuzimurodov Urol  Abrayevich , Abdinazarov Kh. Kh. , Kh. Kuchkarova Dilafruz , Khujamshukurov Nortoji A.
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes advanced approaches and development prospects in the research area of food production based on traditional and non-traditional sources. As well, It is described the uniqueness of insect-based feed preparation compared to traditional feed sources. Besides, there is reported the information about some insects such as Hermetia illucens L, Tenebrio molitor L., Musca domestica L. uses as sources in production conditions.
Biocontrol Efficacy of Native Antagonistic Microorganisms Isolated from Leguminous Plant Rhizosphere against Bacterial Disease of Papaya in Samastipur; An in vitro Study
Authors: Kumar Ajeet , Kumari Smita , Suman Samita , Nath Jha Shambhu
Published: December 2024

Bacterial diseases are one of the major constraints for papaya production worldwide. The excessive use of chemical pesticides has led to the development of resistance and environmental pollution. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro biocontrol efficacy of native antagonistic microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere of leguminous plants against bacterial diseases of papaya in Samastipur. A total of twenty-five bacterial isolates were obtained and tested for their antagonistic activity against three bacterial pathogens. Out of the twenty-five isolates, seven exhibited significant antagonistic activity against the tested pathogens. The most effective isolate was identified as Bacillus subtilis strain DSM-10 based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the selected isolate has the potential to control bacterial diseases of papaya. This study suggests that the native antagonistic microorganisms could be a promising alternative to chemical pesticides for the management of bacterial diseases of papaya.
Biology of Aphis gossypii Glover, on the Solanum melongena Aphid, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Aphid
Authors: Shrivastav Chanchal , Joshi Manoj , Saxena Monika , Bhadauriya Gaurav
Published: December 2024

Aphis gossypii Glover, a species prevalent in the Tarai regions of Bareilly, holds significant economic importance and has garnered attention from researchers across disciplines. The inherent polymorphism of this aphid species indicates its ability to manifest diverse forms or morphs within its population. Aphids are recognized for their capacity to adapt morphologically in response to environmental factors such as predation pressure or the characteristics of their host plants. In this study, conducted under semi-natural conditions on both Hibiscus Flowering Plants and egg vegetable plants, several aspects of the biology of Aphis gossypii were investigated experimentally. The findings revealed that the maximum average fecundity during the reproductive period on Solanum melongena was 144-120 hrs on Hibiscus plants, whereas the average reproductive period extended to 240-216 hrs on Solanum melongena. Hibiscus, belonging to the mallow family, Malvaceae, encompasses a diverse range of species resident to hot temperate (subtropical and tropical) regions, particularly prevalent in the Tarai region of Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. Notably, Hibiscus species are characterized by their large, vibrant flowers and are commonly referred to as “Hibiscus,” with alternative names including swamp mallow, hardy hibiscus, and Hibiscus syriacus.
Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activities of Lannea microcarpa, Parkia biglobosa, and Vittelaria paradoxa Barks in Burkina Faso
Authors: Compaoré Hamidou , Stéphane Kpoda Dissinviel , Samandoulougou Serge , Ouattara Assiètta , Kambiré Dinanibè , Tientrébéogo Patindé Jules , Paré Adama , Tidiane Ouattara Cheik Amadou , Lingani Hagrétou Sawadogo , Ouattara Sidiki Aboubakar
Published: December 2024

Several plants in Africa, particularly in Burkina Faso, serve as therapeutic healing tools due to their health benefits. Among these plants, we can cite Lannea microcarpa, Parkia biglobosa, and Vittelaria paradoxa; the knowledge of their different therapeutic properties remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to verify in vitro the antimicrobial activity of Lannea microcarpa, Parkia biglobosa, and Vittelaria paradoxa barks on multi-resistant clinical bacteria strains isolated from the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital (CHU-YO) patients in Ouagadougou. A survey was carried out among herbal tea sellers in four markets in Ouagadougou on the use of these plants. Sampling consisted of taking the plant barks and their transformation into extracts by maceration. Microdilution has been used to study the antimicrobial properties of the barks of these plants. The plant extracts were tested on four pathogenic strains: Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus. Vittelaria paradoxa showed more effectiveness on Bacillus cereus than Lannea microcarpa and Parkia biglobosa. For the Escherichia coli strain, the extract of Vittelaria paradoxa had more antimicrobial properties than that of Parkia biglobosa and of Lannea microcarpa. The different extracts had low activity against Staphylococcus aureus and no effect on Salmonella typhi. From this study, we can say that Lannea microcarpa, Parkia biglobosa, and Vittelaria paradoxa extracts have antibacterial activities on pathogenic strains such as Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The Salmonella typhi strain has shown itself to be resistant to these extracts.
A Quasi Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Teaching regarding Nocturnal Enuresis among Mothers of Preschool Children in Selected Areas of District Mohali, Punjab, India
Authors: Kumari Rajni , Nitakumari Khoinaijam
Published: December 2024

Preschoolers are emerging as creative person who are preparing for their future role in society. The normal social and physical development of children ages 3-6 years old includes many milestones. Toilet training is a developmental milestone and is a challenge to parents and children. Toilet training should enhance approximately by 18 months of age and be trained completely by 2 or 3 years old. Delay toilet training may be lead to Nocturnal enuresis. Nocturnal Enuresis is also known as bed-wetting as it happens during the night while the child is sleeping. Enuresis is the loss of bladder control that leads to release of urine. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of computer assisted teaching regarding Nocturnal enuresis among mothers of preschool children. A quantitative approach with quasi experimental research design was adopted by Simple random sampling technique,60 mothers of preschool children were selected in Daun village Kharar in District Mohali, Structured Knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data from mothers of preschool children in Selected areas of district Mohali. Analysis of data was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study finding shows that the knowledge score of mothers of preschool children had average knowledge score (66.7%) and good knowledge score (33.3%) after the administration of computer assisted teaching on Nocturnal enuresis. The study shows that post- test knowledge score was higher than the pre –test knowledge score which shows that the computer assisted teaching regarding Nocturnal enuresis mothers of preschool children was effective in improving the knowledge level of mothers of preschool children.
Modulation of γδ T Cell Activity by Bisphosphonates in Neoplasms Resistant to Conventional Immunotherapy: An Update
Authors: do Rêgo Amália Cinthia Meneses , Araújo Filho Irami
Published: December 2024

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are traditionally used to manage bone diseases, but recent evidence suggests they may play a significant role in cancer immunotherapy by modulating γδ T cell activity. These agents, particularly nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, activate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, enhancing their cytotoxicity against tumor cells. However, gaps remain in understanding the differential effects of bisphosphonates on various γδ T cell subsets, optimal dosing regimens, and their impact on the broader tumor microenvironment. This review synthesizes knowledge on bisphosphonate-induced γδ T cell modulation, explores potential resistance mechanisms, and evaluates clinical applicability across different tumor types. It identifies biomarkers for patient stratification, considers synergistic effects with other therapies, and discusses the economic and practical implications of integrating bisphosphonates into standard oncology practice. Addressing these gaps is essential for optimizing bisphosphonates as immunomodulatory agents, advancing cancer immunotherapy strategies, and improving patient outcomes.
THE ROLE OF EMPLOYEES OF THE NATIONAL SAFETY AUTHORITY IN THE SUPERVISION OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN RAIL TRANSPORT
Authors: SMOCZYŃSKI Piotr , MOTYL Mateusz , GILL Adrian , GÓRA Ignacy , TOMASZEWSKI Andrzej
Published: December 2024

There are many scientific studies related to the functioning of safety management systems, but they often focus on situations within business entities. The area of safety, however, is also shaped by advisory institutions, publishers, universities and regulators. In this study, we described the interface between the railway safety regulator in one of the EU Member States and the business entities supervised by it. In order to achieve this, we conducted 12 semi-structured interviews with the regulators employees responsible for performing inspections. It can be concluded that an inspection resembles a theatre stage where everyone plays their part. During an inspection, inspectors adopt the approach of an advisor or a guard, depending on their subjective feelings about the course of the inspection. The obtained results were discussed along with the regulators management and used to assess the effectiveness of the activities undertaken by the regulator in the given area during the last few years.
LIFETIME DETERMINATION OF ULTRALIGHT HELICOPTER BLADES
Authors: DUDNIK Vitaly
Published: December 2024

Determining the guaranteed operational time of helicopter blades is one of the important tasks necessary for successful vehicle use. Flight tests on different modes and special fatigue benches are used to solve such problems. The loads recorded during the flight are applied to ground tests on a bench. The ground fatigue tests of the ultralight helicopter blades have features associated with the influence of the scale factor comparison with the big helicopters. These features are presented in this article as the example of a ground test for a VA115 helicopter blade and a method of recalculating data. The purpose of these tests was to confirm the guaranteed service life of blades and define a reliable method for it.
DETECTION OF LADDER PROGRAM UNSTABLE STATES
Authors: GRZYBOWSKI Michał , MŁYŃCZAK Jakub , FOLĘGA Piotr , SOKOŁOWSKA Lucyna , PIETRUSZCZAK Daniel
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a modern method of detecting unstable states in ladder programs. Ladder programs are standard formalism used in a wide range of automation applications, especially in railway signaling systems. This formalism is characterized by a lack of explicit program control flow, which can result in the presence of unstable states. A state is unstable, if it leads to cyclic state transitions not anticipated by the designer (loop). The presence of unstable states is one of the possible program defects. This kind of defect is hard to detect and can harm program reliability. The presence of unstable states can be verified with formal methods by the construction of a ladder program model and analysis of its properties. The authors propose a method of static analysis of ladder programs by translating them into predicate logic formulas and construction of formulas expression stability of the program, which can be analyzed with SAT solvers. The presented method allows for automatic verification of the presence of unstable states in the program. The method is conservative (i.e., it concludes that the program has no unstable states only if it is the case). Preliminary experiments performed by authors with a Z3 solver indicate that the method is suitable for use for verification of interlocking programs of computer-based railway signaling systems.
The Relationship between Breastfeeding and Parenting Patterns with Early Childhood Emotional Development
Authors: Syainah Ermina , Nurhamidi Nurhamidi , Shaddiq Syahrial
Published: December 2024

Children’s mental-emotional development involves the interaction between physiological maturation and the psychological mechanisms that process and control emotions. This study aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and parenting patterns with the mental and emotional development of early childhood in the Guntung Manggis Health Center working area in 2021. This analytical observational study utilized a cross-sectional design. The sample comprised 92 children aged 3 to 6 years, selected through simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using Spearman Rank correlation. The analysis revealed a significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding, mental-emotional development (ρ = 0.0), parenting patterns, and mental-emotional development (ρ = 0.00). Specifically, exclusive breastfeeding was associated with improved mental-emotional development in 65% of the sample, and positive parenting patterns were linked to enhanced development in 72% of the cases. The findings suggest that exclusive breastfeeding and positive parenting patterns support optimal mental and emotional development in early childhood. It is recommended that mothers provide exclusive breastfeeding and adopt positive parenting strategies to foster better developmental outcomes for their children.
Micro and Macronutrient Availability for Rice Growth on Sandy Soil with Application of Azolla microphylla and Poultry Manure
Authors: Syamsiyah Jauhari , Herawati Aktavia , Herdiansyah Ganjar , Damayanti Atika Sari
Published: December 2024

Sandy soil has various constraints, such as the low availability of N, P, and K nutrients. Organic matter should be applied to improve soil conditions. This study’s organic materials used as ameliorants included chicken manure and Azolla microphylla. This study aimed to determine the effect of A. microphylla and chicken manure on the availability of micro and macronutrients and rice growth in sandy soil. The research was conducted on the sandy soil of Samas Beach, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The study used a factorial complete randomized block design consisting of 2 factors. The 1st factor is the dose of Azolla (0 and 7.5 tons ha-1). The 2nd factor is the dose of chicken manure (50, 100, 150 tons ha-1). The results showed no interaction between the application of A. microphylla and chicken manure. The application of chicken manure increased NO3-, available P, and available K levels. The application of A. microphylla increased the height of rice plants. Azolla 7.5 tons ha-1 and chicken manure 150 tons ha-1 showed the highest values in NO3- (0.11 mg l-1), available P (6.74 ppm), and organic C (0.27%). Chicken manure of 150 tons ha-1 can increase the number of grains per panicle. These findings offer a potential strategy for addressing nutrient deficiencies in sandy soils and improving rice growth.
Association of oral health status with overweight and obesity in older adults aged ≥ 65 years- evidence from Chinese communities
Authors: Wu Kan , yin Wei , Liang Xinhua , Yang Zheng
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the association of poor oral health conditions, such as caries, tooth loss, and tooth loss, with overweight and obesity in older adults and to complement evidence from the Chinese community to confirm this association.
Methods: This retrospective study involved health examination and follow-up data of 953 older adults from the Sichuan Province of China from 2021 to 2023. Oral health status, namely the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, was used as the exposure factor, whereas body mass index (BMI) was used as the outcome indicator. The influence of confounding variables was controlled. BMI changes in older adults with different levels of oral health over 3 years were retrospectively followed up. Additionally, a Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the association.
Results: Overweight and obesity were prevalent in 29.3% and 20.4% of older adults with poor and good oral health status, respectively (P<0.001). After controlling for the confounding factors, the Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated that the DMFT index was associated with overweight or obesity (BMI) (hazards ratio=1.86, 95% confidence interval: 1.52–2.28). Overweight and obesity were less prevalent in older adults with fewer chronic diseases, higher frequency of physical exercise, and better oral health-related behaviors.
Conclusions: Oral health status is associated with overweight and obesity in older adults, particularly in those with caries, missing teeth, and tooth loss as the primary symptoms. These signs may lead to altered food choices and increase the risk of overweight and obesity.
The genetic specificity of specific cognitive abilities after controlling for general cognitive ability
Authors: Procopio Francesca , Keser Engin , Knyspel Jacob , Malanchini Margherita , rimfeld Kaili , Plomin Robert
Published: December 2024

Diverse cognitive abilities correlate about 0.30 phenotypically and about 0.60 genetically. Their phenotypic overlap defines general cognitive ability (g), driven largely by genetic overlap. Consequently, much of our understanding of the genetic landscape of specific cognitive abilities (SCA) likely reflects g rather than the SCA themselves. Removing this g-associated genetic variance will sharpen research on SCA. Here, we use Genomic Structural Equation Modelling (Genomic SEM) to remove the shared genetic variance among 12 diverse SCAs that capture verbal and nonverbal cognitive domains. We applied Genomic SEM to summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association studies of verbal SCA (GenLang Consortium, 5 tests) and nonverbal SCA (UK Biobank, 7 tests) to chart the genetic landscape of the 12 SCA independent of g (SCA.g) as compared to uncorrected SCA. We found that SNP heritabilities were nearly as high for SCA.g as for SCA: the average SNP heritability was 0.16 (SE = 0.02) for SCA and 0.13 (SE = 0.02) for SCA.g. Despite this, we found that the genetic landscape of SCA is transformed after controlling for genomic g. The matrix of positive genetic correlations for SCA (average genetic correlation of 0.45 among our 12 tests) disappeared for SCA.g (average genetic correlation of -0.07) and included some strong negative correlations; for instance, Memory and Word (-0.72), Fluid and Symbol (-0.72), and Tower and Spelling (-0.79). The summary statistics of SCA.g can be used by researchers to create polygenic scores that focus on the specificity of specific cognitive abilities.
Revolutionizing Education with Large AI Models
Authors: Wang Ge , Wisniewski Helena S. , Mock Kenrick
Published: December 2024

In November 2022, ChatGPT was released for public use, and its launch is widely considered as a solid step toward artificial general intelligence. Since then, other large language models, such as Bard, Bing AI, LLaMA, and others have shown competitive or better performance than ChatGPT.
This type of amazing chatbot has two sides. Its negative side has already provoked educational institutes to revise rules prohibiting students from using it to aid their coursework, including exams. In this editorial commentary, we focus on the positive side of the chatbot, suggesting potential
use cases, discussing relevant issues, and proposing next steps.
A Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising from an Epidermal Cyst on the Right Temporal Area: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kim Kuylhee , Lee Donghyun , Chung Chul Hoon , Cho SeongJin , Chang Yongjoon
Published: December 2024

Epidermal cyst is a benign lesion which is commonly encountered in practice, and malignant transformation of it is rare. There are few case reports in the literature about malignant transformation of an epidermal cyst into a squamous cell carcinoma. We present a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from a 3-year epidermal cyst in the right temporal area of a 68-year-old man. The epidermal cyst was initially identified as a spot and treated with laser therapy. However, it recurred, leading to three surgical interventions at a different surgical clinic. Despite these procedures, the cyst persisted, leading to presenting to our department of plastic and reconstructive surgery. He presented with a 2.5cm sized subcutaneous mass with skin ulcerative lesion. After excision, histopathological examination confirmed squamous cell carcinoma from a ruptured epidermal cyst, with clear resection margins. This case underscores the importance of routine histological examinations in excision of epidermal cysts.
Unilateral Lipoma of the Buccal Fat Pad: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Oh Suk Joon , Park Heejeong , Sung Kun-Yong
Published: December 2024

Although lipoma is a well-known non-malignant tumor, oral cavity lipoma is a rather uncommon disease. Intraoral lipoma originating from the buccal fat pad is an exceptionally rare disorder. Buccal fat pad lipomas typically impair the face's appearance and functionality. The treatment is surgical excision using an intraoral technique, and close identifying of the surrounding anatomical systems, including the parotid duct, vessels, and buccinator branch of the facial nerve. A fifty-year-old patient reported consistently growing swelling of the left cheek. Clinical examination revealed a unilateral mass in the soft tissue. An MRI scan showed a typical picture of a lipoma attached to the buccal fat pad. Surgery was performed to remove the tumor, and the histology report confirmed the clinical diagnosis of lipoma.
Intraosseous Myoepithelioma of Zygomatic Bone: A Case Report
Authors: Yun Jiyoung , Lee Jae Hyun , Sun Hook
Published: December 2024

Myoepithelioma is a relatively common benign tumor that exhibits various cellular morphologies. It primarily occurs in soft tissues, most commonly in the head and neck region, particularly in the salivary glands. Cases of intraosseous myoepithelioma have rarely been reported, with documented occurrences in sites such as the cranium, maxilla, iliac bone, vertebrae, tibia, and fibula. We present a rare case of intraosseous myoepithelioma involving zygomatic bone. 51-year-old male patient visited our clinic presenting zygomatic intraosseous tumor without any symptom. The patient underwent complete surgical excision involving subtotal portion of zygoma including frontal process, body and temporal process. The tumor had epithelial and spindle cell morphology and immunohistochemistry showed positive results for EMA, CK, SMA, S100, and negative results for CD34. After surgery, complete symmetry achieved, with no recurrence observed during a 1-year follow-up.
Research on the relationship between feature extraction time and training samples of hyperspectral image based on spatial domain
Authors: Tang Jian , Li Dan , Liu Hongbing , Liu Xiaochun , Luo Dan , Zhou Hong , Cui Hongyan , Xiao Qianliang
Published: December 2024

Hyperspectral image (HSI) feature extraction is an important means to improve the classification of different ground features. According to the structural characteristics of hyperspectral data, the general feature extraction scheme can extract features from the point of view of spectral dimension, spatial and spatial spectrum. And the feature extraction time is also an index to measure the feature extraction method. Therefore, from the perspective of spatial dimension, this paper explores the relationship between HSI feature extraction time and training sample ratio. Three groups of HSIs sets were used for correlation test and analysis in the experiment. According to the characteristics of different data sets, the best selection scheme between spatial domain feature extraction method and training samples is given.
ANALYSIS THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF COASTAL WOMEN’S IN FOOD SECURITY AND PREVENTING BEACH ABRASION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Pintakami Lintar Brillian , Sugiyanto  , Sukesi Keppi , Yuliati Yayuk
Published: December 2024

The aims of this research delve into the identification and analysis of key factors that influence the role of coastal women in ensuring family food security and preventing beach abrasion in Indonesia, from an ecofeminist perspective. Structural equation modeling is used to identify and analyze the influence of factors such as Role Identification (X1), Involvement and Control (X2), Coastal Women Contribution (X3), and the Influence of the Impact of the Adaptation Era (X4) on the Factors that influence the role of coastal women (Y), in food security and preventing beach abrasion in Indonesia. The research results show that coastal women farmers earn 58% more income than men. The role of coastal women in preventing beach abrasion is by 4 social movements, are Pokdarwis, Reforestation, Education, and against mangrove logging. There are 3 factors that influence the role of coastal women in food security and abrasion prevention (Y), involvement and control (X2), the contribution (X3), and the impact of the Adaptation Era (X4), with P values < alpha value (?) 0.05. The implications of this research extend beyond the Indonesian coasts, offering insights into global initiatives aimed at promoting gender equality, sustainable development, and climate change mitigation.
Small and medium-sized enterprises: A tool for socioeconomic development
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Management, Jamhuriya University of Science and Technology, Mogadishu, Somalia, Nor Abdijabbar Ismail
Published: December 2024

Small and medium-sized enterprises are universally recognized as critical catalysts for socioeconomic development. Therefore, this study explores the empirical relationship between SMEs and economic growth, job creation, income generation, and poverty reduction. Through a cross-sectional research design, data was gathered via a questionnaire from 130 participants, including SMEs owners, operators, and young entrepreneurs who received training from entrepreneurship training programs such as the Next Economy program by SIMAD-Innovation Lab and the Start-Improve Your Business (SIYB) Training program by the International Labor Organization (ILO), as well as the entrepreneurship training program provided by Jamhuriya Incubation Centre (JIC). The study employed partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypotheses through SmartPLS (v.4.0.9.5). The study found that SMEs significantly contribute to economic growth, job creation, income generation, and poverty reduction. The findings provide significant implications for governments, international organizations, financial institutions, and policymakers, emphasizing integrating SMEs development initiatives into national development plans to improve social and economic development.
Economic assessment of NBS: international and Russian practice
Authors: Stepanova Yu. N. , Shashkin A. P. , Vishlov S. V.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. The concept of natural solutions has become popular due to the growing attention to the problem of climate change. Scientists and politicians are actively looking for ways to use natural solutions to solve environmental problems. Research has proven that natural climate solutions (RCC) can provide more than 30% of cost-effective measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions needed by 2030 to stabilize global warming below 2°C. An important advantage of RCC is their economic feasibility, expressed in a lower cost compared to technological solutions for CO2 sequestration. The contribution of natural eco-systems to climate regulation has led to their active use in the formation of national climate policies. However, a complete economic assessment of the RCC is a very difficult task that needs to be solved worldwide.The purpose is to study the evolution of the formation of the constituent elements of the economic assessment of natural and climatic solutions in the context of international and Russian practice.Objectives: to substantiate the elements of the economic assessment of the RCC, to analyze methodological approaches to the assessment of the RCC, to form approaches to assessing the economic effectiveness of the implementation of the RCC.Methodology. The official documents of the UN Environment Committee, documents of the Independent Analytical Center in the field of International Sustainable Development Management Policy formation of the International Institute for Sustainable Development, reports prepared by the IPCC group were used.Results. The inclusion of the cost of ecosystem services in the assessment of the RCC is justified, the advantages and disadvantages of the main methodological approaches to the assessment of the RCC are identified, key approaches to assessing the economic effectiveness of the implementation of the RCC are formed: internal, external and general.Conclusions. The principles and methods of natural-economic and ecosystem accounting form the basis of the economic assessment of the RCC. A comprehensive economic assessment reflects the monetary contribution of the ecosystem to sustainable development by evaluating ecosystem assets involved in the implementation of the RCC and the ecosystem services they produce, which contributes to increasing the adaptability of socio-economic systems to environmental shocks.
On the issue of strengthening the food security of the regions by stimulating import substitution
Authors: Kuzmina V. M. , Parkhomchuk M. A.
Published: December 2024

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that food security is the most important factor in preserving the statehood and sovereignty of the country, one of the main structural units of socio-economic policy, a necessary condition for the implementation of the strategic priorities of the state, which consist in significantly improving the quality of life of the Russian population through guaranteed living standards.The purpose is to analyze the state policy to stimulate import substitution in the field of strengthening food security based on the assessment of the current state of food security in Russia.Objectives: to characterize the structure, criteria and levels of food security of the regions and the state as a whole; to assess the current state of food security in Russia; to identify the problems of ensuring food security associated with the risks and barriers to the implementation of Russia's food policy; to consider the directions of import substitution as a mechanism for strengthening the food security of the regions and the state.Methodology. In the processing of factual material, traditional scientific approaches were used – dialectical and systemic. The methods of comparison, statistical analysis and ranking were used as research tools.Results. Based on the assessment of the state of food security in Russia in dynamics, it is proved that the government of the Russian Federation has set the regions the task of ensuring the country's food security in advance, before the start of the implementation of the package sanctions policy of the West. This made it possible to implement some areas of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex in the first place.Conclusions. However, the volume of sanctions restrictions that began against Russia in February 2022 again raised the question of strengthening the country's food security. The government began to introduce various financial, logistical and other mechanisms to strengthen food security, but the greatest emphasis was placed on the continuation and deepening of the import substitution policy.