bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracranial hemorrhage in newly diagnosed non‐promyelocytic acute myeloid leukemia patients admitted for intensive induction chemotherapy
Authors: Koschade Sebastian E. , Stratmann Jan A. , Miesbach Wolfgang , Steffen Björn , Serve Hubert , Finkelmeier Fabian , Brandts Christian H. , Ballo Olivier
Published: October 2021

Objectives and Methods

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients is a major concern due to the increased risk of mortality. Few studies have examined ICH specifically in newly diagnosed AML patients receiving intensive induction chemotherapy (IC) and prophylactic platelet transfusions during thrombocytopenia <10/nL. This retrospective cohort study included 423 newly diagnosed AML patients without acute promyelocytic leukemia who underwent IC between 2007 and 2019. We assessed risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes of ICH.

Results

17 of 423 patients (4%) suffered ICH during hospital stay, and 4 patients (24%) died directly because of ICH despite routine prophylactic platelet transfusions. Patients with ICH had a negatively impacted overall survival (median OS, 20.1 vs. 104.8 months) and were more likely not to continue with curative treatment. Main risk factors were female gender, severe thrombocytopenia, and decreased fibrinogen. Patients with subsequent ICH also had laboratory signs of liver dysfunction.

Conclusions

Intracranial hemorrhage remains a potentially deadly complication with notable incidence despite prophylactic platelet substitution, suggesting that additional prophylactic interventions may be required to further reduce the frequency of ICH in high‐risk patients. Unrecognized genetic factors may simultaneously predispose to AML and platelet dysfunction with ICH.
Increasing soil organic carbon content can enhance the long‐term availability of phosphorus in agricultural soils
Authors: Vermeiren Charlotte , Kerckhof Pieterjan , Reheul Dirk , Smolders Erik
Published: October 2021

The stocks of phosphorus (P) in soil resulting from decades of over‐fertilisation can be used as a long‐term source of P provided that crop P bioavailability is ensured. This study was set up to identify to what extent soil organic matter (SOM) affects the long‐term availability of these stocks, the premise being that OM may limit irreversible P fixation in soil by blocking P sorption sites on sesquioxides. An ensemble of 42 agricultural soils, composed from experimentally amended soils (field and incubation trials) and soils with contrasting properties, was subjected to 288 days of P depletion with anion exchange membranes as a P sink; this method was previously shown to yield P pools with agronomic significance. Cumulative P desorption data were fitted with a two‐pool kinetic desorption model, yielding estimates for a fast (labile) and total desorbable P pool. On average, 42% of oxalate extractable P (Pox) associated with poorly crystalline iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) (oxy)hydroxides (Feox and Alox) were desorbable and 25% of that fraction (i.e. 11% of Pox) was labile. That labile P pool matched well with the 24 h isotopically exchangeable P (E value) in these soils (R2 = 0.74). Both the fast and total desorbable fraction of Pox were larger at higher degrees of phosphorus saturation (DPS). In soils with a low DPS (<0.30), the labile fraction of Pox increased as the ratio of soil organic carbon to Feox + Alox increased (R2 = 0.70; p < 0.001), but soils with a higher DPS did not exhibit that trend. These results adhere to soil chemical views that enhanced SOM contents reduce fixation of P by competitive sorption and prevention of P diffusion into micropores. No such effects occur in more P saturated soils, probably because orthophosphate sorption and electrostatic effects outcompete effective SOM sorption. The findings suggest that simultaneous application of OM with P fertilisers could keep P better available in the long term, but that this OM application does not affect P fixation when soils are excessively dosed with P.

Highlights

Long‐term availability of P in soil was assessed in contrasting soils in a P depletion experiment.

A high ratio of organic C to Fe and Al in soil enhances the P fraction that is readily available.

The positive effect of organic matter on soil P availability is only found at low soil P saturation.

Residual P in European soils can sustain adequate P for crops for 5–55 years depending on the soil.
Best‐practice fisheries management associated with reduced stocks and changes in life histories
Authors: McClanahan Timothy R. , Friedlander Alan M. , Wantiez Laurent , Graham Nicholas A. J. , Bruggemann J. Henrich , Chabanet Pascale , Oddenyo Remy M.
Published: October 2021

Current best‐practice policy recommendations for managing fish stocks are achieved by a mixture of maintaining modest fishing mortality (restricting effort, times and gear), marine reserve networks and not subsidizing unprofitable fisheries. A seldom evaluated question is how effective these proposed approaches are for maintaining all fish stocks and biodiversity elements in marine seascapes? Both recommended and unrecommended fishing practices fragment habitats and reduce metapopulation connectivity with potentially unexpected seascape‐level consequences. To better understand these outcomes, we pooled and evaluated fish community data into two seascape groupings for comparisons of biomass and life‐history characteristics. These were remote baseline reefs (>9 hr from regional cities and >4 hr from human habitation, n = 584 locations) and those emulating best‐practice seascapes (BPS, n = 140). BPS were a mix of high‐compliance marine reserves (fishable biomass = 892 ± 696 (±SD) kg/ha, n = 95; >5 km2 and >15 years of closure) and fished seascapes (478 ± 395 kg/ha, n = 45) that had biomass near the maximum sustained yield (MSY) estimates for coral reefs. The fish communities in the BPS locations differed considerably from the remote baseline by having 49% of the median and 32% of the mean biomass, smaller community‐weighted body sizes, and faster growth and mortality rates. Most of the declines were associated with high biomass taxa that included carnivorous jacks (Carangidae), snappers (Lutjanidae), groupers (Serranidae) and triggerfish (Balistidae), which were reduced to between 11% and 28% of the mean baseline. Surgeonfish (Acanthuridae) and parrotfish (Scarinae) were an exception in being reduced to only 48 and 53% of the baseline's mean biomass, respectively. As expected, community‐level body sizes and age values were larger and trophic level higher, while growth and mortality were lower in baselines than BPS seascapes. After evaluating the different environmental responses between seascapes and accounting for the largest geographic factor, longitude, we evaluated the community responses to 4 possible BPS planning scenarios. Biomass responses to age and trophic level and length at maturity were similar and predictable for the two seascapes. In contrast, growth and generation time responses differed between seascapes. Baselines had peak biomass patterns at intermediate values, whereas BPS displayed a declining influence of growth and a saturating response for generation time. Consequently, deviations between BPS and baselines indicate that current BPS proposals do not fully emulate the ecology of remote or wilderness locations. Therefore, wilderness will be a required management designation if the global fish communities are to be fully conserved.
Managerial ability and trade credit
Authors: Khoo Joye , Cheung Adrian (Wai Kong)
Published: October 2021

We examine whether and how managerial ability affects trade credit (accounts payable, in particular). The empirical analyses show that firms with higher managerial ability are associated with an increase in trade credit received. We also find that the impact of managerial ability on accounts payable is stronger for firms having poorer credit quality or more binding financial constraints. Our findings are robust to alternative measures of key variables, financial crises, product characteristics, and endogeneity concerns.
Horizontal and vertical variation in the structure of fruit‐feeding butterfly (Nymphalidae) assemblages in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: de Brito Freire Geraldo , Ribeiro Danilo Bandini , de Carvalho Santos Andréia , Silva Thayane , Dias Joao Paulo , Rodrigues Hanna Pâmela , Diniz Ivone Rezende
Published: October 2021

The Cerrado biome is a biodiversity hotspot with a rich biota, and intense anthropogenic pressures. Despite its importance, it is still poorly understood how insects occupy different spatial dimensions of the landscape.

We investigated how the beta diversity of plants influences the beta diversity of nymphalids at the regional‐scale (gallery forest vs. savannah) and local‐scale (transects). We expected greater beta‐diversity in nymphalid assemblages in gallery forests given the heterogeneity of plants and canopy structure.

We sampled nymphalids in each habitat monthly for 1 year and observed 3459 individuals from 62 species. Nymphalidae abundance was significantly higher in the understory than in the canopy. Specifically, only 18% of the individuals were captured in the canopy of gallery forests compared to 11% in savannah canopies. Species richness was higher in gallery forests (55 species) compared to savannahs (34 species).

Savannah transects were very similar in plant species composition and butterfly assemblages within the understory and canopy, whereas the species composition of plants and butterflies in gallery forests was highly heterogeneous which is consistent with the habitat heterogeneity hypothesis.

Gallery forests are spatially more complex, which probably results in higher niche availability that may contribute to reduce the community saturation and help to maintain greater beta diversity in these habitats.
Impacts of alkaline‐electrolyzed water treatment on physicochemical, phytochemical, antioxidant properties and natural microbial load on ‘Granny Smith’ apples during storage
Authors: Nyamende Nandi E. , Belay Zinash A. , Keyser Zanephyn , Oyenihi Ayodeji B. , Caleb Oluwafemi James
Published: October 2021

Providing consumers with fresh and safe fruit can greatly increase their access to recommended daily intake of phytonutrients. Thus, this study investigated the impact of dipping in alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) and dipping duration on the physicochemical, phytonutrients and microbial load on ‘Granny Smith’ apples. Apples treated with AEW (200 and 300 mg L−1) were compared to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, 200 mg L−1) and to non‐treated (control) under dipping durations of 10 and 15 min. Apples treated with AEW maintained titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids (TSS) compared to other treatments (P > 0.05). Interaction of treatments and storage duration had a significant impact (P ≤ 0.05) on total phenolics and flavonoids contents. Apples treated with AEW better maintained antioxidant capacity compared to control. Treatments with AEW resulted in ≈2 Log reduction in total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (4.1 Log CFU cm−2 to 2.2 Log CFU cm−2) and < 1 Log reduction for yeasts and moulds (3.9 Log CFU cm−2 to 2.7 Log CFU cm−2). This study demonstrated the efficacy of electrolyzed water treatment as an alternative to conventional pack‐house practices for apple fruit.
Critical role of glutelin in ultrasound‐assisted isolation of corn starch
Authors: Yu Xiaoshuai , Liu Jie , Liu Yawei , Fang Guihong
Published: October 2021

Ultrasound was applied to facilitate starch–protein separation in ultrasound‐assisted laboratory‐scale corn wet‐milling. Changes to the molecular structure of glutelin and zein in the corn gluten meal treated by sonication were investigated to explore their roles in the release of starch. Sonication (130 to 200 W, 15 to 60 min) was found to cause the unfolding of the glutelin, as demonstrated in the decrease in disulphide bonds (SS) content, α‐helix and β‐turn, and the increase in free sulfhydryl (SH) content, β‐sheet and random coil. Furthermore, the solubility, surface hydrophobicity and fluorescence intensity of the glutelin (200 W/60 min) increased by 141.75, 109.18 and 186.01%, respectively, while its denaturation temperature (Td) and endothermic enthalpy (∆H) decreased by 7.43 and 21.51%. Compared with control zein, after 60 min sonication at 200 W, the SS content and α‐helix of the zein were found to have decreased by 20.68 and 19.14%, and its SH and random coil increased by 26.61 and 18.21%. Accordingly, the solubility, surface hydrophobicity and fluorescence intensity of zein increased by 54.03, 6.85 and 84.62%, and its Td and ∆H decreased by 5.76 and 4.19%. It was, thus, concluded that glutelin is more sensitive than zein to sonication and that the unfolding of glutelin is critical to the release of starch granules.
Structural characterization, physicochemical properties and in vitro digestion of finger millet–resistant starch prepared by different methods
Authors: Wang Le , Chen Jiali , Lu Shaochuang , Xiao Panfei , Li Chiling , Yi Cuiping
Published: October 2021

In this study, the structural, physicochemical and digestion characteristics of finger millet–resistant starch (FRS) prepared by ultrasonic (UP‐FRS), ultrasonic‐autoclaving (UAP‐FRS), enzymolysis (EP‐FRS) and ozonation (OP‐FRS) were studied. Different preparation methods have different degrees of damage to the morphological structure and granular shape of the starch, but the resistant starch obtained by ultrasonic, ultrasonic‐autoclaving and enzymolysis exhibited a same crystallinity pattern (B‐type polymorph), and typical V‐type modified starch was obtained by ozone treatment. That caused them to have different physicochemical properties. The solubility (8.2%) and swelling power (2.5%) of OP‐FRS were the smallest; the sedimentation value of the UAP‐FRS increased steadily with the increase of time and showed the largest (16.7%). UP‐FRS required the most energy for complete gelatinization (ΔH, 145 J g−1), and the gelatinization temperature range of the samples was significantly different (P < 0.05). In addition, UP‐FRS and OP‐FRS had strong anti‐digestion ability in vitro, and their digestion rate was lower than 30%. All these results are expected to provide information on the preparation and application of FRS, and may indicate that the specific processing of food before consumption could be used as new pathways for regulating the digestibility properties of food.
Retrogradation and gelling behaviours of partially gelatinised potato starch as affected by the degree of pre‐gelatinisation
Authors: Xu Fen , Liu Wei , Zhang Liang , Danthine Sabine , Liu Qiannan , Wang Feng , Zhang Hong , Hu Honghai , Blecker Christophe
Published: October 2021

This study explored the gelling and structural properties of partially gelatinised potato starch before and after reheating in response to their initial degree of starch gelatinisation (DSG). The retrogradation R and setback of starch increased from 4.18 to 17.14 and 179 to 579 mPa·s, respectively, with increasing initial DSG from 56.11% to 90.56%. The starch gel strength increased, whereas the short‐range ordered structure decreased as DSG increased without reheating. After reheating, the starch gel strength with relatively low initial DSG (56.11%) was 2.4 times higher than that of native starch and 1.7 times higher than that of starch with high DSG (90.56%). The interspersed starch granules in gels without reheating affected the formation of the network. After reheating, all gel samples formed a honeycomb structure with increased porosity as DSG increased. This could be related to the different degrees of dehydration synthesis of starch with different DSGs during retrogradation.
Phosphorylation plays positive roles in regulating the inhibitory ability of calpastatin to calpain
Authors: Du Manting , Li Xin , Zhang Dequan , Li Zheng , Hou Chengli , Ren Chi , Bai Yanhong
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the regulatory mechanism of phosphorylation of calpastatin on the activity of μ‐calpain. Crude calpastatin extracted from the longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles of three Fat Tail Han Sheep were treated with protein kinase A (PKA) or alkaline phosphatase (AP) to increase or decrease their phosphorylation levels, respectively, and then, both phosphorylated/dephosphorylated solutions were incubated with different amounts of purified μ‐calpain (25, 50, 100 and 150 units). In the AP group, the rate of μ‐calpain degradation was higher than the control and PKA groups. Calpastatin with higher phosphorylation levels presented much higher inhibitory abilities. Five phosphorylation sites from two phosphopeptides were identified. Protein kinase A‐catalysed calpastatin phosphorylation at Ser 649 positively regulates the inhibitory abilities of calpastatin by promoting the interaction between calpastatin and calpain. These results contribute to enrich the regulatory mechanism of μ‐calpain activity during post‐mortem meat tenderisation.
Iron excess affects release of neutrophil extracellular traps and reactive oxygen species but does not influence other functions of neutrophils
Authors: Kuźmicka Weronika , Manda‐Handzlik Aneta , Mroczek Agnieszka , Cieloch Adrianna , Moskalik Aneta , Demkow Urszula , Wachowska Małgorzata , Ciepiela Olga
Published: October 2021

Neutrophils apply several antimicrobial strategies including degranulation, phagocytosis, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to fight pathogens. Iron is considered to be an invaluable constituent of host immune defense and plays a dual role in immunity. It is a well‐known component of antimicrobial proteins and is a necessary microelement for pathogen survival. The aim of this study was to broaden the knowledge regarding the impact of iron on the function of neutrophils. Neutrophils from healthy blood donors and patients with mild iron‐deficiency anemia and HL‐60 cells differentiated toward granulocyte‐like cells were incubated with Fe2+, Fe3+ or holo‐transferrin (holo‐Tf). Moreover, we isolated murine neutrophils of HFE gene knockout (KO) mice and mice fed iron‐deficient, iron‐equivalent and high‐iron diets. We analyzed the release of NETs, phagocytosis, degranulation of azurophilic granules, ROS release, bactericidal activity of granulocytes against Escherichia coli and neutrophil elastase (NE) activity. We show that holo‐Tf inhibits the release of NETs stimulated by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate by inhibiting NE activity. Studies performed in mice models reveal that iron overload inhibits the release of NETs and ROS production in neutrophils isolated from HFE KO mice and mice fed a high‐iron diet. No impact of a low‐iron diet on neutrophil phagocytosis, ROS production or release of NETs was observed. Our study underscores the physiological significance of iron in neutrophil function, specifically in the release of NETs.
Strike ballots under the 2016 Trade Union Act: Unions mobilise to counter the latest legal onslaught
Authors: Lyddon Dave
Published: October 2021

The 2016 Trade Union Act (TUA) added ‘draconian’ restrictions to the already tortuous postal balloting regime for holding lawful strikes. The government predicted that 29–35% of ballots would lose. Using data from trade union returns to the Certification Officer, the first detailed account of ballots under the TUA shows that unions have, generally, mobilised successfully to ‘get the vote out’. Far fewer ballots now fail to win a simple majority; the 50% turnout barrier has led to only half the predicted losses; the 40% yes‐vote rule in ‘important public services’ has limited independent effect. To avoid reballoting under the 6‐month ballot mandate, unions often launch into longer (mainly discontinuous) strikes. Judged on these criteria, the TUA has failed, which suggests further legislation will follow. Some national ballots have been lost, but the tactic of disaggregated ballots has seen unions strike (associated) employers where threshold turnout has been achieved.
Development of topical patches releasing allicin using garlic extract
Authors: Mahdi Batool , Abu‐Huwaij Rana , Al‐khateeb Iqbal
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Treating hair loss of Alopecia areata is a quite challenge. The treatment not only needs to be effective but must meet specific requirements in terms of accurate dose, sustain release, comfortable application with aesthetic appearance. Thus, the study was designed to develop sustained release topical patches releasing allicin using different sources, including the extract from fresh and aged garlic, and commercially pure one.

Methods

Patches were formulated by solvent casting method using ethylene‐vinyl acetate as backing layer and Carbopol® 971P NF (CP) as mucoadhesive polymer. Physicochemical properties were evaluated including weight, thickness, drug content, surface pH, moisture content, folding endurance, and swelling. In addition to in vitro diffusion study across the cellulose and Strat‐M® membranes.

Results

Patches showed good physicochemical properties. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was obvious in the percentage of allicin diffused across cellulose membrane between patch A (loaded with commercial allicin), patch B1 (loaded with fresh garlic extract), and patch C (loaded with aged garlic extract). However, ethanol enhanced the diffusion of allicin. The percentage of allicin diffused across cellulose membrane over 20 h from patch E (45 mg CP, 2 mL fresh garlic extract—equivalent to 60 mg allicin—and 1 mL of ethanol) was 79.94%. The flux and permeability coefficients were 2.62 mg/cm2/h and 0.52 cm/h, respectively, with an enhancement ratio of 2.60 times the reference patch M (mashed garlic).

Conclusion

Promising development of topical patches of allicin using garlic extract as natural source with lower cost than the commercial pure allicin and higher aesthetic acceptance than the used mashed garlic.
C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 1 and its receptor C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 2 in trigeminal ganglion contribute to nerve injury‐induced orofacial mechanical allodynia
Authors: Yang Jie , Liu Fei , Zhang Yan‐Yan , Lin Jiu , Li Yue‐Ling , Zhou Cheng , Li Chun‐Jie , Shen Jie‐Fei
Published: October 2021

Background

Orofacial ectopic pain induced by trigeminal nerve injury is a serious complication of dental treatment. C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) and its primary receptor C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) contribute to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain in the spinal nervous system, but their roles in trigeminal neuropathic sensation are still poorly understood.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the exact role of CXCL1 and CXCR2 in the regulation of orofacial ectopic mechanical allodynia and their potential downstream mechanisms in the trigeminal ganglion (TG).

Methods

The head withdrawal threshold (HWT) of C57BL/6 mice was evaluated after inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) transection (IANX). Then, the distribution and expression of CXCL1 and CXCR2, and their potential downstream mechanisms in the TG were further measured using immunohistochemistry, real‐time reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Moreover, the effect of SB225002 (an inhibitor of CXCR2) on mechanical allodynia was examined. The data were analysed using the Student's t test and a analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

IANX triggered persistent (>21 days) mechanical allodynia and upregulation of CXCL1 and CXCR2 in the TG. In addition, exogenous CXCL1 also lowered the HWT, which was alleviated by CXCR2 and protein kinase C (PKC) antagonists (p < .05). In addition, IANX increased the phosphorylated PKC (p‐PKC) levels and decreased the expression of voltage‐gated potassium channels (Kv), and these effects were reversed by inhibition of CXCR2 (p < .05).

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated that CXCR2 participated in orofacial ectopic mechanical allodynia via downregulation of Kv1.4 and Kv1.1 through the PKC signalling pathway. This mechanism may be a potential target in developing a treatment strategy for ectopic orofacial pain.
Latent classes of maladaptive personality traits exhibit differences in social processing
Authors: Hanegraaf Lauren , Hohwy Jakob , Verdejo‐Garcia Antonio
Published: October 2021

Objective

Social processing (SP) deficits manifest across numerous mental disorders. However, this research has been plagued by heterogeneity and a piecemeal approach whereby skills are examined in isolation rather than as part of an integrated cognitive system. Here, we combined two dimensional frameworks of psychopathology to address these limitations.

Method

We utilized the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) to distill trait‐related heterogeneity within a community sample (n = 200), and the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) ‘Systems for Social Processes’ to comprehensively assess SP. We first applied latent class analyses (LCA) to derive AMPD‐based groups and subsequently contrasted the performance of these groups on a SP test battery that we developed to align with the RDoC SP constructs.

Results

Our LCA yielded four distinct subgroups. The recognizable trait profiles and psychopathological symptoms of these classes suggested they were clinically meaningful. The subgroups differed in their SP profiles: one displayed deficits regarding the self, a second displayed deficits in understanding others, a third displayed more severe deficits including affiliation problems, whilst the fourth showed normal performance.

Conclusions

Our results support the link between clusters of maladaptive personality traits and distinctive profiles of SP deficits, which may inform research on disorders involving SP dysfunctions.
The Effect of Auditory Input on Multimodal Reading Comprehension: An Examination of Adult Readers’ Eye Movements
Authors: PELLICER–SÁNCHEZ ANA , CONKLIN KATHY , RODGERS MICHAEL P.H. , PARENTE FABIO
Published: October 2021

Comprehension of many types of texts involves constructing meaning from text and pictures. However, research examining how second language (L2) learners process text and pictures and the relationship with comprehension is scarce. Thus, while verbal input is often presented in written and auditory modes simultaneously (i.e., audio of text with simultaneous reading of it), we do not know how the auditory input affects L2 adult learners’ processing of text and pictures and its relation to comprehension. In the current study, L2 adult learners and native (L1) adults read and read while listening to an illustrated story while their eye movements were recorded. Immediately after reading, they completed a comprehension test. Results showed that the presence of auditory input allowed learners to spend more time looking at pictures and supported a better integration of text and pictures. No differences were observed between L2 and L1 readers’ allocation of attention to text and pictures. Both reading conditions led to similar levels of comprehension. Processing time on the text was positively related to comprehension for L2 readers, while it was associated to lower comprehension for L1 readers. Processing time on images was positively related to comprehension only for L1 readers.
The influence of herbaceous vegetation on the colonization of native and invasive trees: consequences for semiarid forest restoration
Authors: Franco Jeanne R. A. , Paterno Gustavo B. , Ganade Gislene
Published: October 2021

We evaluated the influence of herbaceous vegetation on the colonization of an invasive and two native tree species in a degraded area located at the Caatinga semiarid forest in Northeastern Brazil. Seedlings of the native trees Anadenanthera colubrina and Astronium urundeuva were planted in nine paired blocks with intact and removed herbaceous vegetation. In addition, seeds of the invasive tree species Leucaena leucocephala were sown in the same paired plots. Growth, germination, establishment, and survival of the tree species were monitored for 8 months. The results showed that herbaceous vegetation hampered native seedling growth in respect to leaf number, leaf size, height, and stem diameter. Conversely, herbaceous vegetation had a neutral effect on the germination, establishment, and growth of the invasive species L. leucocephala. Dominant ruderal herbaceous species strongly prevent the natural succession of native trees in this semiarid forest, while not affecting the establishment of an invasive tree. Management of herbaceous vegetation cover in degraded areas might be a key step for successful restoration in this dryland.
The gene space of European mistletoe (Viscum album)
Authors: Schröder Lucie , Hohnjec Natalija , Senkler Michael , Senkler Jennifer , Küster Helge , Braun Hans‐Peter
Published: October 2021

European mistletoe (Viscum album) is a hemiparasitic flowering plant that is known for its very special life cycle and extraordinary biochemical properties. Particularly,V. albumhas an unusual mode of cellular respiration that takes place in the absence of mitochondrial complex I. However, insights into the molecular biology ofV. albumso far are very limited. Since the genome ofV. albumis extremely large (estimated 600 times larger than the genome of the model plantArabidopsis thaliana) it has not been sequenced up to now. We here report sequencing of theV. albumgene space (defined as the space including and surrounding genic regions, encompassing coding as well as 5′ and 3′ non‐coding regions). mRNA fractions were isolated from differentV. albumorgans harvested in summer or winter and were analyzed via single‐molecule real‐time sequencing. We determined sequences of 39 092 distinct open reading frames encoding 32 064V.albumproteins (designatedV. albumprotein space). Our data give new insights into the metabolism and molecular biology ofV. album, including the biosynthesis of lectins and viscotoxins. The benefits of theV. albumgene space information are demonstrated by re‐evaluating mass spectrometry‐based data of theV. albummitochondrial proteome, which previously had been evaluated using theA. thalianagenome sequence. Our re‐examination allowed the additional identification of nearly 200 mitochondrial proteins, including four proteins related to complex I, which all have a secondary function not related to respiratory electron transport. TheV. albumgene space sequences are available at the NCBI.
The impact of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on the management of chronic limb‐threatening ischemia and wound care
Authors: Driver Vickie R. , Couch Kara S. , Eckert Kristen A. , Gibbons Gary , Henderson Lorena , Lantis John , Lullove Eric , Michael Paul , Neville Richard F. , Ruotsi Lee C. , Snyder Robert J. , Saab Fadi , Carter Marissa J.
Published: October 2021

In the wake of the coronavirus pandemic, the critical limb ischemia (CLI) Global Society aims to develop improved clinical guidance that will inform better care standards to reduce tissue loss and amputations during and following the new SARS‐CoV‐2 era. This will include developing standards of practice, improve gaps in care, and design improved research protocols to study new chronic limb‐threatening ischemia treatment and diagnostic options. Following a round table discussion that identified hypotheses and suppositions the wound care community had during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, the CLI Global Society undertook a critical review of literature using PubMed to confirm or rebut these hypotheses, identify knowledge gaps, and analyse the findings in terms of what in wound care has changed due to the pandemic and what wound care providers need to do differently as a result of these changes. Evidence was graded using the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine scheme. The majority of hypotheses and related suppositions were confirmed, but there is noticeable heterogeneity, so the experiences reported herein are not universal for wound care providers and centres. Moreover, the effects of the dynamic pandemic vary over time in geographic areas. Wound care will unlikely return to prepandemic practices. Importantly, Levels 2–5 evidence reveals a paradigm shift in wound care towards a hybrid telemedicine and home healthcare model to keep patients at home to minimize the number of in‐person visits at clinics and hospitalizations, with the exception of severe cases such as chronic limb‐threatening ischemia. The use of telemedicine and home care will likely continue and improve in the postpandemic era.
Factores que condicionan el ecoturismo en comunidades mayas de áreas naturales protegidas en la península de yucatán, México.
Authors: Toriz Bonfiglio Luis Enrique , Pat Fernández Lucio Alberto , Guízar Vázquez Francisco
Published: October 2021

Se analizan los factores que condicionan la viabilidad socioeconómica del ecoturismo en organizaciones mayas colindantes a Áreas Naturales Protegidas (ANP) en la península de Yucatán, México. El análisis bajo el enfoque de Modos de Vida y a través de observación participante, entrevistas y talleres reveló que la escolaridad y la organización social son fundamentales para el desarrollo del ecoturismo, aunque insuficientes si las organizaciones no cuentan con habilidades empresariales. Asimismo, la política pública puede fortalecerlo con la eliminación de prácticas paternalistas; el fomento de la participación local en el manejo de ANPs y la regularización de la tenencia de la tierra.
El rostro de la mujer minera en Colombia: un análisis a partir del enfoque de género
Authors: Cifuentes Guerrero Julie Alejandra , Güiza Suárez Leonardo
Published: October 2021

En la minería se presentan enormes desigualdades de género. A partir de este contexto, este artículo presenta un análisis de los aspectos socioeconómicos, culturales y jurídicos de las mujeres mineras en Colombia, con el fin de demostrar la importancia de desarrollar políticas públicas con enfoque de género en el sector minero. Para lo anterior, a partir de un enfoque cualitativo, se revisó sistemática y críticamente la literatura disponible sobre el tema, de la cual se puede concluir que la participación de la mujer en la minería en Colombia se diferencia según la cultura. Así mismo, se descubrió que la mayor fuerza laboral está concentrada en la pequeña minería de oro y en su entorno se presentan situaciones que vulneran los derechos humanos de las mujeres.
Spatial and economic assessment of butterfly-based handicrafts as a tourism service provided by rural populations
Authors: Jacinto-Padilla Jazmin , Lopez-Collado Jose , Garcia-Garcia Carlos Gilberto , Lopez-Collado Catalino Jorge
Published: October 2021

Butterfly-based handicraft activities are usually performed around or within natural reserves. Using these insects in a sustainable way by rural communities should address multiple factors, goals and conservation constraints. This study ranks tourist zones in Veracruz, México, to create and market butterfly-based handicrafts by applying a multicriteria analysis. We differentiated top zones where a segment of the rural population could benefit from this activity. Roads, butterfly diversity, and tourists emerge as key elements while protected areas and transport costs were considered as constraints. The economic value of the butterfly-based handicraft market was estimated as well.
Mapeo de actores en la Costa Caribe norte de Nicaragua: un análisis según el género y la identificación étnica y cultural
Authors: Cupples Julie , Incer Medina Guillermo , Larios Irving , Lee Smith Dixie
Published: October 2021

Este artículo se deriva de un estudio en dos municipios de la Costa Caribe norte de Nicaragua, que interactúa de manera crítica con la agenda de investigación británica, dominante en este momento. Mediante un stakeholder analysis, hemos intentado mapear el poder cultural en esta parte de Nicaragua en un contexto de racismo persistente, desigualdad de género, pobreza, destrucción ambiental y creciente autoritarismo político mediante entrevistas, grupos focales y talleres con actores relevantes. La investigación fue realizada por un grupo de académicos, profesionales de una organización no gubernamental (ONG) y activistas de la sociedad civil que viven en la costa o que tienen una participación política y profesional a largo plazo, en la región. Proporciona un conjunto de recomendaciones para los organismos gubernamentales y las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, con potencial de aumentar el impacto positivo de nuestros proyectos de investigación y desarrollo en la región.
Una metodología desde la teoría de redes para las redes culturales
Authors: Caparrini Fernando Sancho
Published: October 2021

Este documento presenta, desde un punto de vista introductorio y orientado a no expertos en teoría de redes, los fundamentos de grafos y redes que permiten proyectar información sobre redes culturales en un contexto formal. Asimismo, describe algunas de las medidas y herramientas más comunes para diseñar mecanismos cuantitativos para el análisis posterior de estas redes. Este artículo no pretende ser un curso ni un tutorial completo sobre teoría de redes, para eso el lector puede acudir a cualquiera de las referencias que se apuntan al final, más bien constituye una introducción orientada a recorrer, en un solo documento, algunos de los detalles que se consideran más importantes y que suelen quedar fuera de las explicaciones iniciales sobre el tema.
Redes mercantiles e intercambio cultural en la ruta del Galeón de Manila, 1565-1600
Authors: Villamar Cuauhtémoc
Published: October 2021

El artículo presenta un análisis del Galeón de Manila, principal sistema comercial que mantuvo en comunicación a América y Asia, a través del océano Pacífico. Ha sido ampliamente reconocido que este sistema de comercio permitió la apertura del proceso de globalización de la temprana edad moderna. Sin embargo, esta investigación enfatiza en los intercambios culturales activados por el Galeón de Manila, concretamente, en la naturaleza social y cultural de una red de comerciantes instalados en Manila. Se concluye con una reflexión metodológica sobre las herramientas de investigación digital y los enfoques de la historia global y la microhistoria utilizados para comprender el proceso de globalización temprana.
A Computational Design Synthesis Method for the Generation of Rigid Origami Crease Patterns
Authors: Zimmermann Luca , Shea Kristina , Stanković Tino
Published: October 2021

Today most origami crease patterns used in technical applications are selected from a handful of well-known origami principles. Computational algorithms capable of generating novel crease patterns either target artistic origami, focus on quadrilateral creased paper, or do not incorporate direct knowledge for the purposeful design of crease patterns tailored to engineering applications. The lack of computational methods for the generative design of crease patterns for engineering applications arises from a multitude of geometric complexities intrinsic to origami, such as rigid foldability and rigid body modes (RBMs), many of which have been addressed by recent work of the authors. Based on these findings, in this paper we introduce a Computational Design Synthesis (CDS) method for the generative design of novel crease patterns to develop origami concepts for engineering applications. The proposed method first generates crease pattern graphs through a graph grammar that automatically builds the kinematic model of the underlying origami and introduces constraints for rigid foldability. Then, the method enumerates all design alternatives that arise from the assignment of different rigid body modes to the internal vertices. These design alternatives are then automatically optimized and checked for intersection to satisfy the given design task. The proposed method is generic and applied here to two design tasks that are a rigidly foldable gripper and a rigidly foldable robotic arm.
Thermodynamic and Dynamic Analysis of a Wind-Powered Off-Grid Industrial Building Integrated With Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Electrolyzer for Energy Management and Storage
Authors: Mottaghizadeh Pegah , Fardadi Mahshid , Jabbari Faryar , Brouwer Jack
Published: October 2021

In this study, an islanded microgrid system is proposed that integrates identical stacks of solid oxide fuel cell and electrolyzer to achieve a thermally self-sustained energy storage system. Thermal management of the solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is achieved by the use of heat from the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with a heat exchanger network and control strategies. The SOFC meets the building electricity demand and the heat generated from its electrochemical reactions is transferred to the SOEC for the endothermic heat and standby demands. Each component is physically modeled in Simulink and ultimately integrated at the system level for dynamic analyses. The current work simulates a system comprised of a wind farm in Palm Springs, CA, coupled with the SOEC (for H2 generation), and an industrial building powered by the SOFC. Results from two weeks of operation using the measured building and wind data showed that despite fluctuating power profiles, average temperature, and local temperature gradients of both the SOEC and SOFC were within desired tolerances. However, for severe conditions of wind power deficit, H2 had to be supplied from previous windy days’ storage or imported.
Back Matter
Authors:   ASME Committee
Published: October 2021

This back matter contains the Section 6: References, Glossary and Appendix A. Estimating Boiler Water Silica Limits.
Section 3. Objectives of Water Treatment
Authors:   ASME Committee
Published: October 2021

The absence of adequate external and internal treatment can lead to operational upsets or unscheduled outages and is ill-advised from the point of view of safety, economy, and reliability. Where a choice is available, the reduction or removal of objectionable constituents by pretreatment external to the boiler is always preferable to, and more reliable than, management of these constituents within the boiler by internal chemical treatment, which involves boiler blowdown and chemical feed to the boiler system.
Intermetallic compound formation inhibiting electromigration-based micro/nanowire growth
Authors: Kimura Yasuhiro , Ju Yang
Published: October 2021

In this study, we investigated the relationship between intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and electromigration (EM)-based metallic micro-/nanowire growth and concluded that IMC has a negative effect on the wire growth. One of the key features of the sample structure in EM-based wire growth is passivation, which mechanically suppresses the deformation of the metallic interconnect due to the accumulation of atoms diffused by EM. Thicker passivation allows for higher pressure generation for wire growth; thus, the wire can be extruded by the higher pressure. However, as the compressive residual stress of passivation (which causes delamination) increases with the thickness of passivation deposited by sputtering, it is implied that excessively thick passivation causes delamination, which in turn relieves the pressure essential for wire growth, by releasing the interconnect constraints. In EM-based wire growth, generally a sample structure consisting of thin-film multilayers was used, and it often resulted in the delamination due to interlayer separation between the metallic interconnect and the topmost passivation. Mitigation of delamination enables the stable EM-based growth of a wire. To prevent delamination, Ti was introduced between the metallic interconnect and passivation. The relation of IMC formation behavior to the wire growth was investigated. It was experimentally shown that IMC contributed to the prevention of delamination but inhibited the wire growth. Therefore, sandwiching the metallic interconnect with materials that do not form IMC is advantageous for EM-based wire growth.
Abrupt shifts in 21st-century plankton communities
Authors: Cael B. B. , Dutkiewicz Stephanie , Henson Stephanie
Published: October 2021

Climate change is projected to cause large, abrupt shifts in subtropical plankton communities.
Flexible artificial Si-In-Zn-O/ion gel synapse and its application to sensory-neuromorphic system for sign language translation
Authors: Oh Seyong , Cho Jeong-Ick , Lee Byeong Hyeon , Seo Seunghwan , Lee Ju-Hee , Choo Hyongsuk , Heo Keun , Lee Sang Yeol , Park Jin-Hong
Published: October 2021

Flexible artificial synapses are fabricated with a SIZO/ion gel hybrid structure forming a polyimide substrate.
Lead-adsorbing ionogel-based encapsulation for impact-resistant, stable, and lead-safe perovskite modules
Authors: Xiao Xun , Wang Meixiang , Chen Shangshang , Zhang Yihang , Gu Hangyu , Deng Yehao , Yang Guang , Fei Chengbin , Chen Bo , Lin Yuze , Dickey Michael D. , Huang Jinsong
Published: October 2021

We report a lead-adsorbing ionogel to enhance perovskite module mechanical strength and stability and reduce lead leakage.
Cross-species screening platforms identify EPS-8 as a critical link for mitochondrial stress and actin stabilization
Authors: Moehle Erica A. , Higuchi-Sanabria Ryo , Tsui C. Kimberly , Homentcovschi Stefan , Tharp Kevin M. , Zhang Hanlin , Chi Hannah , Joe Larry , de los Rios Rogers Mattias , Sahay Arushi , Kelet Naame , Benitez Camila , Bar-Ziv Raz , Garcia Gilberto , Shen Koning , Frankino Phillip A. , Schinzel Robert T. , Shalem Ophir , Dillin Andrew
Published: October 2021

Cross-species genetic screens for mitochondrial regulators revealed EPS-8 as a link between actin stability and mitochondria.
Complete protection by a single-dose skin patch–delivered SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccine
Authors: McMillan Christopher L. D. , Choo Jovin J. Y. , Idris Adi , Supramaniam Aroon , Modhiran Naphak , Amarilla Alberto A. , Isaacs Ariel , Cheung Stacey T. M. , Liang Benjamin , Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle , Azuar Armira , Acharya Dhruba , Kelly Gabrielle , Fernando Germain J. P. , Landsberg Michael J. , Khromykh Alexander A. , Watterson Daniel , Young Paul R. , McMillan Nigel A. J. , Muller David A.
Published: October 2021

Delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine to the skin of mice via microarray patches provides complete protection from challenge.
Salmonella
Typhi Vi capsule prime-boost vaccination induces convergent and functional antibody responses
Authors: Dahora Lindsay C. , Verheul Marije K. , Williams Katherine L. , Jin Celina , Stockdale Lisa , Cavet Guy , Giladi Eldar , Hill Jennifer , Kim Dongkyoon , Leung Yvonne , Bobay Benjamin G. , Spicer Leonard D. , Sawant Sheetal , Rijpkema Sjoerd , Dennison S. Moses , Alam S. Munir , Pollard Andrew J. , Tomaras Georgia D.
Published: October 2021

Prime-boost vaccination with
S.
Typhi Vi capsule induces convergent antibodies whose function depends on specificity and avidity.
Hypertensive crisis precatheter ablation for resistant atrial fibrillation: a case of undiagnosed bilateral pheochromocytomas
Authors: Dhillon Nina , Baniak Nick , Nosib Shravan
Published: October 2021

A 63-year-old man with hypertension was referred for catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation. He was diagnosed with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation approximately 6 years prior. Over the previous 12 months, his atrial fibrillation had become persistent despite medication optimisation for rate control and elective cardioversion. Sinus rhythm was restored briefly. The decision was made to pursue catheter ablation and isolation of the pulmonary veins. On anaesthetic induction, the patient suffered from a hypertensive crisis. The procedure was aborted, and the patient was admitted to hospital for investigations of secondary hypertension. Ultimately, the patient was diagnosed with bilateral pheochromocytomas. This case outlines the diagnostic challenges and cardiac comorbidities associated with bilateral pheochromocytomas.