bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restore toward Balance
Authors: Romita Nancy , Romita Allegra
Published: June 2023

Rest and restorative practices are often overlooked, yet they are an important factor in conditioning the body and mind to attain one’s fullest potential in dance. Rest calibrates the body’s energy and improves the ability to sustain the physical rigor required in dance training and performance. Chapter 12 defines different types of fatigue and explores multiple approaches to active rest and restoration practice. The 4Rs are revisited as a reflective practice in discovering processes for sleep, rest, and active recovery practices. The Functional Awareness reflective practice of “beach glass and shells” is introduced in this chapter as a method to collect and gather knowledge and record it through verbal expression or written practice. “Beach glass and shells” holds space for readers to take a moment to consider the tools, strategies, discoveries (shells) that they’ve collected throughout the time reading the book.
Why Not Better and Cheaper?
Authors: Rebitzer James B. , Rebitzer Robert S.
Published: June 2023

Why doesn’t healthcare get better and cheaper? The evolution of the cell phones that we carry in our pockets demonstrates that quality can increase while prices fall. Why not in healthcare? The answer suggested in this book is that the health sector generates the wrong kinds of innovation. It is too easy to profit from low-value innovations and too difficult to profit from innovations that reduce care costs. The result is a healthcare economy that is profusely innovative yet remarkably ineffective in discovering and implementing new technologies and business models that deliver increased value at lower cost. The consequences of this failure to innovate accumulate over time and make society poorer and less healthy than it ought to be. As Why Not Better and Cheaper? shows, the root causes of this innovation problem are the incentives, social norms, and competitive environment prevailing in the health sector. We can point innovation in a better direction by improving incentives, mobilizing professional norms and narratives, and altering the regulatory and competitive environment. Our analysis and proposals are of interest to clinicians, educators, managers, and policymakers.
Economically Valuable Innovation
Authors: Rebitzer James B. , Rebitzer Robert S.
Published: June 2023

This chapter considers incentives for innovation in the health sector, which all too often do not align with the creation of economic value. Consequently, valuable innovations, such as new classes of antibiotics and vaccines for infectious diseases, are underdeveloped while innovations of dubious value find a market. The chapter shows how this issue results in part from patents and their attendant pricing and timing distortions. These distortions skew innovation toward lower value targets. It goes on to discuss how these problems are accentuated in a reimbursement and policy environment that imposes no obligation or incentive on providers or regulators to consider economic value in their decisions.
Missing Innovations
Authors: Rebitzer James B. , Rebitzer Robert S.
Published: June 2023

In healthcare, innovations that reduce costs often “go missing.” New processes, business models, or managerial practices that lower the cost of care fail to take root and spread across the health sector. This chapter finds evidence for missing innovation in seven areas: pervasive fee-for-service payment contracts; regional practice styles; the long slow decline of small, single-specialty medical practices; adoption of information technologies; alternatives to insurance claims payment; slightly worse but much cheaper interventions; and investment in research investigating the relative benefits and costs of treatments. This list is by no means exhaustive, but it illustrates a pattern. Time and again, the healthcare sector overlooks cost-reducing opportunities lying in plain sight. The failure to exploit such opportunities influences the overall direction of innovation. If there is not a ready market for cost reduction, innovators will work on other problems.
Beyond Financial Incentives
Authors: Rebitzer James B. , Rebitzer Robert S.
Published: June 2023

This chapter reviews professional and social norms, which together are a powerful force in healthcare. They influence behavior by introducing ethical duties and obligations into decision-making. These duties and obligations are enshrined in reinforcing social comparisons and narratives. It shows how cost-reducing innovations are most readily adopted when aligned with ethical commitments and implemented by organizations that prioritize healing over financial interests. Otherwise, cost reduction may be regarded as a morally repugnant exercise coming at the expense of the vulnerable and ill. This perception finds fertile ground in the United States because, as a society, we have yet to agree on the nature of healthcare. The chapter poses the question: Is healthcare a social good to which all are entitled, or is it a conventional private good? Without agreement on this question, the ethical duty to wisely manage limited healthcare resources is uncertain. Providers, patients, and the general public may greet cost-reducing innovations with indifference or contempt.
Russianizing Palestine
Authors: Scoville Spencer
Published: June 2023

In the decades after the Crimean War (1853–1856), Russia bought up land and buildings in Ottoman Syria and Palestine to establish an Orthodox Christian missionary presence. This chapter, and the two that follow in this volume, illuminate the work that went into this state-sponsored project, culminating in the tsarist government’s 1889 endorsement of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (IPPO). This chapter presents A Week in Palestine, young St. Petersburg nobleman Vasilii Khitrovo’s 1871 travelogue of his first visit to Jerusalem. This persuasive personal story helped raise support and funds for the IPPO, whose founding charter is also translated here.
A Reluctant Native Informant
Authors: Kane Eileen
Published: June 2023

This chapter reveals connections between Russia’s colonization of Turkestan and its extension of influence into Ottoman Arabia, through a focus on the Meccan pilgrimage. Shakirdzhan Ishaev was a Russianized Tatar Muslim from Tashkent. After serving the tsarist colonial administration in recently conquered Turkestan as a native informant, the tsarist government sent him to the Russian consulate in Jeddah to perform the same job. From Jeddah, Ishaev’s task was to travel to Mecca as a pilgrim, to report on the hajj. His tense and squeamish account of his 1895 hajj, excerpted in this chapter, reveals his discomfort with his assigned task, as a self-described “European” who reluctantly makes the pilgrimage through the “wilds” of Arabia for the sake of scientific research.
Quarantine Politics and the Hajj
Authors: Kane Eileen
Published: June 2023

Pandemics often intensify discrimination against groups already deemed suspect or dangerous, and this is part of the story of late imperial Russia’s struggle against infectious diseases. Russia suffered a series of cholera and plague pandemics during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a time of frequent migration within Russia and across its borders. One prevailing theory was that hajj pilgrims returning to Russia from Mecca brought these deadly diseases into the empire. In 1897 Russia’s leading bacteriologist Dr. Danil Zabolotnyi went to the Red Sea to investigate newly established quarantines and sanitary measures set up along hajj routes. This chapter provides an excerpt of his report, which gives a detailed description of Jeddah just after a major plague outbreak. This report was part of Russia’s broader efforts to regulate the hajj pilgrimage and develop a modern public health system for the empire. Russia’s initiative to combat infectious disease was notable for its focus on the hajj to the exclusion of other pilgrimages to Arab lands such as the Christian pilgrimage to Jerusalem, despite overlaps in routes among tsarist subjects who visited these sites, and the shared steamships they took back to Russia.
Arabic in the Early Soviet Caucasus
Authors: Bobrovnikov Vladimir
Published: June 2023

This chapter is about an early Stalin-era effort to recover the close cultural and religious connections that had bound Muslim scholars in Dagestan to their counterparts in the Arab lands beginning in the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE). Tsarist Russia’s eighteenth- and nineteenth-century conquests of the Caucasus, followed by Sovietization, interrupted (though without completely destroying) this long relationship. The chapter presents an excerpt of a biographical dictionary written in Arabic in the 1920s and 1930s by Nadhir al-Durgili, a scholar in the North Caucasus. This work—which circulated in manuscript form, appearing in print only after the collapse of the USSR—records how Dagestani Muslims remembered and imagined their scholarly and religious ties to the Arab Near East over many centuries, with a focus on Islamic jurisprudence. It spotlights the Arabic-language Islamic networks that connected scholars in the Caucasus and the Arab world into the early Soviet period.
Armenian Immigration to the USSR from Arab Countries (1946–1949)
Authors: Sanjian Ara
Published: June 2023

The four sources presented in this chapter, translated from Russian and Armenian, explore the history of “repatriation” of Armenians from Arab-majority countries to the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic after World War II. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin decided to allow Armenian immigration to the Soviet republic of Armenia at the end of the war. Between 1946 and 1949, 89,750 Armenians moved to Soviet Armenia from twelve different countries—many were genocide survivors who had been Ottoman subjects and now longed for an Armenian homeland. More than a third came from Arab countries: 32,238 were from Syria and Lebanon, 3,692 from Egypt, 1,260 from Palestine, and 856 from Iraq. They faced discrimination, surveillance, and difficulty integrating with local Armenians. Some decided to “re-emigrate” starting in the 1960s, when it became possible for Armenians and other minority groups to leave the USSR.
Revisiting Russia after Fifty Years
Authors: Swanson Maria
Published: June 2023

This chapter presents an excerpt from the travelogue Beyond Moscow and Washington published by Mikhail Naimy (1889–1988) in 1957. A graduate of Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (IPPO) schools in his native Lebanon and in Nazareth, Naimy was an important Arabic writer and advocate of a third, spiritualist path between the two equally materialist systems of capitalism and communism. Naimy had studied at a seminary in Poltava, Russia (present-day Ukraine), from 1906 to 1911 before moving to the United States. In 1957, on an invitation from the League of Soviet Writers, he revisited Russia for the first time in nearly half a century. In this excerpt Naimy reminisces about his IPPO education, describes the effect on him of Russian literature, and reflects on the cleanliness and development he sees “in the shrine of communism.”
No Soviet Engineer to Walk in Front of an Egyptian One
Authors: Younis Ala
Published: June 2023

This chapter juxtaposes two versions of a single film to explore how Egyptian filmmaker Youssef Chahine responded to conflicting ideological pressures around representing the Aswan High Dam. Begun in 1960, the Soviet-financed Dam project was an icon of Egyptian economic development and Arab-Soviet “friendship.” Chahine’s lavishly co-produced film The People and the Nile was meant to document and celebrate this achievement, but it also raised uncomfortable questions about displaced Nubians, work opportunities for women, and more. In reconstructed film stills from the 1968 and 1970 versions, Jordan-based contemporary visual artist Ala Younis explores Chahine’s wholesale changes made in response to censorship and pressure from the Egyptian and Soviet funders.
Ba‘thists in Baku
Authors: Forestier-Peyrat Étienne
Published: June 2023

This chapter introduces the long-serving minister of foreign affairs of Soviet Azerbaijan, Tahirə Tahirova (1913–1991), and her efforts to defuse an embarrassing intra-Ba‘th conflict between Syrian and Iraqi diplomats that played out in 1970s Baku. Tahirova’s dispatches to Moscow trace the conflicts sown by Iraq’s consul-general in Baku, ‘Adnān ‘Aydān Muhammad, who has been insulting the Syrian Ba‘th party and spreading anti-Syria propaganda through Azerbaijan’s associations of Iraqi students. Tahirova also mentions that she and Aydan discussed the recent visit to the Soviet Union of Saddam Hussein, deputy chairman of Iraq’s Revolutionary Command Council. While scholars of the USSR’s international policy have mostly considered the view from Moscow, these documents reveal the role of Soviet republics in managing dimensions of Soviet international relations outside of the USSR’s capital.
Aeroflot Routes to Baghdad
Authors: Harris Steven E.
Published: June 2023

This chapter presents a 1982 internal report of the Soviet national airline, Aeroflot. The report shows how officials at the world’s largest airline responded to reduced demand after the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), seeking to maintain the Moscow-Baghdad route that had opened in 1964. Aeroflot sought to serve the interests of the “Soviet colony” in Iraq, enhance Soviet prestige, earn hard currency, and salvage its alliances with Muslim-majority countries after invading Afghanistan in 1979. The Iraqi government, meanwhile, shaped its relationship with the Soviets by limiting Aeroflot’s operations and advantaging its own carrier, Iraqi Airways, in flying passengers and cargo on the airlines’ shared route.
Aelius Aristides
Authors: Bulkeley Kelly
Published: June 2023

This chapter introduces the first of the dream journalists, Aelius Aristides. Born in 117 ce in the eastern Mediterranean in what is now Turkey, during a peak era of Roman civilization, Aristides was a highly educated speaker and writer who suffered a variety of physical ailments that led him to seek help at the temples of the healing god Asclepius. Aristides began recording his dreams in response to a direct command from the god in a dream. The collection of Aristides’s dreams have survived in a text known as the Sacred Tales, which describes a lively and widespread practice of dream incubation rituals in the ancient Western world.
Benjamin Banneker
Authors: Bulkeley Kelly
Published: June 2023

This chapter introduces the fifth dream journalist, Benjamin Banneker. Born in 1731 in a rural part of what would become the state of Maryland, Banneker was a free African American whose family worked as tobacco farmers. Banneker had a precocious intelligence and scientific curiosity, and during his life, he worked as an inventor, engineer, surveyor, and author of impressively accurate almanacs. One of the most brilliant minds of his time, Banneker recorded his dreams in a journal throughout his life, and he wrote stories involving vivid dream experiences. He was constantly under threat of racial violence, and a few days after he died, his cabin was burned down by arsonists, destroying all but one of his journals.
Wolfgang Pauli
Authors: Bulkeley Kelly
Published: June 2023

This chapter introduces the seventh dream journalist, Wolfgang Pauli. Born in 1900 in Austria and living most of his life in Switzerland, Pauli became renowned from an early age as a scientific genius. He was one of the first-generation figures in the revolutionary development of quantum physics in the early decades of the twentieth century. Pauli also had severe emotional problems, for which he sought treatment from another faculty member he knew, Carl Jung. Pauli became one of Jung’s most important patients, and in the course of their therapy, Pauli recorded dozens of dreams that he shared with Jung for discussion and interpretation. They also discussed a shared interest in trying to integrate the conceptual worlds of psychology and physics. The term “synchronicity” originated in their talks about non-local connections between seemingly random events.
Digital Methods of Analyzing Dreams
Authors: Bulkeley Kelly
Published: June 2023

This chapter introduces the use of digital methods for the study of dreams. The volume of material in a long series of dreams can be so great that ordinary methods of dream interpretation need to be supplemented by new tools of data analysis. In this project, a simple word-search method is applied to the dream reports, using the resources of the Sleep and Dream Database (SDDb), an online archive and search engine. Because this kind of approach is relatively new and likely to be unfamiliar to many readers, several basic questions are discussed here: Are dream reports a legitimate source of data for use with these kinds of tools? Can we use digital methods with the dreams of people from different cultures, languages, and periods of history? Is it legitimate to interpret people’s dreams without any associations or direct input from the dreamer?
Anomalous Patterns in Dream Content
Authors: Bulkeley Kelly
Published: June 2023

This chapter examines the dream journals of the seven main figures, looking for unusual and anomalous features of dream content. Whereas the previous chapter looked at the common patterns of dreaming, this one focuses on the patterns that stand out as uncommon and distinctive to the individual dreamer. Included is a discussion of the continuity hypothesis and the idea that patterns in dream content are accurate reflections of people’s emotional concerns in waking life. The continuity hypothesis is balanced here with an appreciation for discontinuities in dream content, features that can reflect special instances of personal meaning and creative imagination. Several experiments in “blind analysis” are described, in which word-usage frequencies are used to make inferences about the individual’s waking-life concerns.
Psychoanalysis
Authors: Bulkeley Kelly
Published: June 2023

This chapter introduces a set of psychological methods that can be especially helpful in exploring dream journals. The first of these methods is psychoanalysis, founded by Sigmund Freud in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Freud’s theory of dreams is outlined here, with a discussion of how it can be adapted for use in the study of a series of dreams. Special attention is given to the following psychoanalytic concepts as they relate to the seven dream journalists: conscious-unconscious conflict, childhood experience, mourning, sublimation, and the uncanny. From a psychoanalytic perspective, each of the dream journalists displays healthy ego development, a powerful capacity for cultural work, and a keen interest in the uncanny.
Archetypal Psychology
Authors: Bulkeley Kelly
Published: June 2023

This chapter provides a second psychological perspective on the dreams of the seven main dream journalists. The archetypal psychology of Carl Jung emerged in large part from his own dreams and the dreams of his patients, which he observed in their development and unfolding over time. Jung’s theory of dreams is outlined here, with a discussion of how it relates to Freudian psychoanalysis. Special attention is given to the following Jungian concepts as they relate to the seven dream journals: individuation, archetypes, the compensatory function, and the prospective function. From the perspective of Jung’s psychology, each of the dream journalists is chronicling his or her journey along the path of individuation, with a host of archetypal symbols appearing to guide them through crises and inspire them to new creative works.
Cultural Psychology
Authors: Bulkeley Kelly
Published: June 2023

This chapter provides a third psychological perspective on the dreams of the seven dream journalists. Cultural psychology includes researchers from psychology, anthropology, and other social scientific disciplines who study mental phenomena in relation to cultural and social environments. A pivotal work in this area is Charlotte Beradt’s The Third Reich of Dreams, which chronicles the dreams of people living in Nazi Germany in the 1930s. Along with Beradt, the work of Dorothy Eggan, Thomas Gregor, and other anthropologists is presented to highlight the dynamic relations between individual dreaming and collective culture. Special attention is given to the following cultural psychology concepts as they relate to the seven dream journals: personal/communal interplay, social identity, and power imbalances.
Mysticism
Authors: Bulkeley Kelly
Published: June 2023

This is the second of three chapters that look at the religious and spiritual qualities of the seven dream journalists. Here the quality of religious mysticism is considered as a defining characteristic of the dream journalists. In contrast to mundane religiosity, which emphasizes here-and-now reality, each of the dream journalists displayed a strong interest in otherworldly realms, altered states of consciousness, and metaphysical adventures. In this way, they can be considered in light of the classic definition of mysticism in William James’s The Varieties of Religious Experience. The mystical qualities of the dream journalists can also be understood in terms of Harvey Whitehouse’s more contemporary “modes of religiosity” theory, as exemplars of the “imagistic mode” of being religious.
Pluralism
Authors: Bulkeley Kelly
Published: June 2023

This is the third of three chapters that look at the religious and spiritual qualities of the seven dream journalists. Here the quality of religious pluralism is considered as a defining characteristic of the seven dream journalists. In contrast to monistic religiosity, which emphasizes the supreme unity and authority of one God and one way of relating to the divine, each of the dream journalists displayed a strong interest in alternative perspectives, new ideas, and different voices. In this way, they can be considered in light of William James’s discussion of pluralism in The Pragmatic Method. The chapter ends with reflections on how the absence of any substantive treatment of dreams in James’s The Varieties of Religious Experience gave the author an early inspiration and opportunity to pursue an unexplored path of research.
Empathic Concern
Authors: Batson C. Daniel
Published: June 2023

Empathic Concern provides an evidence-based review of developments over the past five decades in our understanding of other-oriented emotion felt for another in need, including the motivational and behavioral consequences of this emotional state. Empathic concern, or empathy for short, is an umbrella term that refers to feelings that may be described as sympathy, compassion, tenderness, and the like. The book considers what empathic concern is (and isn’t), where it comes from, its forms, its motivational consequences, and its importance in interpersonal and intergroup relations. Rather than touting empathic concern as a panacea or castigating it as a problem, the empirical evidence supports a more nuanced view: Empathic concern has potential benefits but also liabilities, and its benefits can be realized only if we recognize and address its liabilities. Programs that have employed empathic concern as a means to improve interpersonal and intergroup relations are described. The hope is that this review will stimulate more theory-based research on the nature and function of empathic concern, and more theory-based applications of what we now know.
Introduction
Authors: Batson C. Daniel
Published: June 2023

Empathy has been a subject of controversy in recent years, being touted as a cure for what ails our society by some but castigated as something we should avoid by others. One reason for the very different assessments is that different psychological phenomena have been called empathy. Some scholars and researchers think of empathy as understanding another person’s thoughts and feelings by taking the other’s perspective—putting yourself in the other’s shoes—and feeling as the other feels. This conception is the focus of the controversy. Others think of empathy as feeling for, not feeling as, another in need. Empathy in this second sense has come to be called empathic concern and is the subject of this book, which addresses both what empathic concern is and why it’s important. There is an overview of chapters.
Varieties of Empathic Concern
Authors: Batson C. Daniel
Published: June 2023

Varieties of empathic concern include two that are measured by the six-item Empathic Concern Index—sympathy and tenderness—each of which is evoked by a different type of need. Sympathy is evoked by a cared-for other’s current need. Tenderness is evoked by a cared-for other’s vulnerability. Two additional varieties—empathic distress and empathic sadness—are measured by the distress and sadness adjectives in the Emotional Response Scale when the other’s need is a coping/adjustment problem. Empathic anger, although evoked by and motivating action designed to address the cared-for other’s need, is directed toward the person or persons seen as causing the other’s need. What has been called empathic embarrassment doesn’t seem to be a form of empathic concern. Instead, it appears to be a product of one or both of two other psychological states called empathy—emotional contagion and an imagine-self perspective.
Motivational Consequences
Authors: Batson C. Daniel
Published: June 2023

Motivational consequences of empathic concern focus on the empathy-altruism hypothesis. This hypothesis states that empathic concern (an other-oriented emotional response elicited by and congruent with the perceived welfare of a person in need) produces altruistic motivation (a motivational state with the ultimate goal of removing the perceived need). Egoistic alternatives claim that removing the need is an instrumental goal on the way to the ultimate goal of one or another self-benefit. Over 30 experiments have tested the empathy-altruism hypothesis against all plausible egoistic alternatives and have provided remarkably consistent support. It seems that, tentatively, this hypothesis should be accepted as true. There are two important qualifiers of the empathy-altruism relationship. First, we don’t feel empathic concern to the same degree for everyone in need. Second, competing concerns can override empathy-induced altruistic motivation. Whether they do depends on their strength relative to the strength of the empathy-induced altruism.
Behavioral Consequences
Authors: Batson C. Daniel
Published: June 2023

Interpersonal liabilities for feeling empathic concern can affect close others, strangers in need, and the person feeling empathy: (a) Empathic concern can produce paternalism and dependence. (b) It can inhibit one’s ability to act dispassionately when a cool head is needed. (c) Recognizing the likelihood of feeling empathic concern for another in need (and therefore empathy-induced altruistic motivation) can produce empathy avoidance—an egoistic motive to avoid the empathy-induced altruistic motive. (d) Empathic concern isn’t likely to be evoked by nonpersonalized needs, or abstract needs, or chronic needs. (e) It can lead us to show unfair partiality toward the person for whom it’s felt, which can lead us to hurt the common good in a social dilemma. Further, intrapersonal liabilities for the empathizer include: (f) risk of physical harm and (g) giving ground in conflict situations such as bargaining and negotiation.
Behavioral Consequences
Authors: Batson C. Daniel
Published: June 2023

The most frequently mentioned intergroup benefit is that empathic concern can produce more positive attitudes and action toward a stigmatized out-group. Although empathic concern is an interpersonal not intergroup emotion, it offers this benefit when empathy induced for a member of a stigmatized group increases valuing the stigmatized individual’s welfare and then this valuing generalizes to other members of the stigmatized group. Research indicates that this generalization can occur as long as the individual’s membership in the stigmatized group is central to the need for which empathy is induced. Other research suggests that adopting an imagine-self perspective toward a member of a stigmatized group can produce perceptual/cognitive benefits, including reduced stereotyping of the group and more situational attributions for the behavior of out-group members.
Acceptable Activism
Authors: Schwartz Anat
Published: June 2023

This chapter examines the popularity of #MeToo in South Korea by tracing feminist activism from the anti–sexual violence movement beginning in 1987 to the #MeToo movement in 2017–2019. Using feminist epistemology, media theory, and fieldwork from 2018–2019, the author argues that by borrowing from the transnational #MeToo movement and its hashtag collectivity, feminist and women’s organizations in South Korea used the momentum of the global #MeToo movement to advance social and political agendas that have been a recurring issue since the 1980s. By examining the role of #MeToo for Korean feminists, the author argues that, organizations and local communities have used #MeToo to bring the long-standing movement against sexual violence to mainstream society. As such, there is a need to bring feminist scholarship on #MeToo and feminist epistemology together. The chapter also briefly attends to the push to frame feminism after 2018 as “post-MeToo.” The author uses social media platforms and feminist lived experiences to argue that #MeToo is not a spontaneous or stand-alone movement, but rather indicative of a new method of doing feminism in South Korea.
The Politics of Dwelling
Authors: Deng Ran
Published: June 2023

This chapter examines how sexual violence against women in East Asia is remembered and reinvented through the visual representation of “comfort women.” More specifically, it discusses how filmic projects serve both as a nationalist and private dwelling for the figure of the “comfort woman,” conflating singular experiences with nationalist rhetorics. While reflecting on two well-received films on the “comfort women” issue in China and South Korea, Twenty-Two (2017) and Spirits’ Homecoming (2016), the author extracts a narrative of #MeToo that undergirds the creative potentials of the two films. While the films show that the redress movement for sexual violence is complicated by the fact that, though representation of the “comfort women” issue is endorsed, the #MeToo movement has been put under attack or censored, this project also identifies a reconfiguration of #MeToo as a radical intervention that builds solidarity between survivors across time and space.
Deer Women Dancing
Authors: Eddy Zoë Antoinette
Published: June 2023

This chapter explores how Indigenous activist-artists have made interventions in the sexual and gender violence crisis that affects Turtle Island (North American) Indigenous communities. Based on ethnographic and archival fieldwork, it argues that Indigenous activist-artists have created a visual language that supports the goals of the #MeToo movement while also opening a uniquely Indigenous space. The author examines three major visual artifacts: the Red Dress, the Jingle Dress Dance/r, and the Red Handprint; these materials—in both their symbolic and physical presence—have helped generate a viral language that counters settler-colonial narratives of sexual and gender violence. This chapter concludes with an examination of Indigenous hashtag activism and how these strategies both intersect with and differentiate themselves from #MeToo. This chapter aims to make further intervention into how Indigenous communities have responded to not only #MeToo, but also the historical and contemporary crisis facing Indigenous communities.
Native Men, Too
Authors: Juárez Nicolás
Published: June 2023

Taking up the work of Indigenous feminists and Lacanian psychoanalysis, this chapter argues that settler colonial genocide of Native Americans breaks down normative understandings of masculinity as a protection against gendered violence. As such, it destabilizes the common assumptions and rhetoric behind the #MeToo movement, making it difficult to conceptualize violence against Native American men. In order to demonstrate this, the chapter examines not only the historical construction of masculinity in the context of settler colonialism, but also examines current rates of violence in Native America. Finally, the chapter concludes by examining the poetry of Joy Harjo as offering an alternative set of coordinates to conceptualize the topic of sexual violence and #MeToo.
Ni Una Menos
Authors: Gómez Maricruz
Published: June 2023

This chapter analyzes the Ni Una Menos movement in Argentina, which started in 2015 after a series of gruesome femicides. The chapter will look at the text that was published by the Ni Una Menos movement, Ni Una Menos Amistad Política + Inteligencia Colectiva Documentos y Manifestos 2015/2018, along with recent interviews, documents, and marches by the movement. The Ni Una Menos movement has recognized that in order to combat gender violence it is imperative to address numerous social justice issues with an intersectional approach. Ni Una Menos approaches coalitions via intersectionality and is able to address various issues such as gender violence, Indigenous rights, coloniality, the correlation between economic system and violence, and the legalization of abortion, making it an intersectional movement.
#RageAgainstRape
Authors: Ghimire Asmita , Wright Elizabethada A.
Published: June 2023

This chapter builds on Chandra Mohanty’s later work, which suggests that “Third World” and “Western” feminists can create solidarity by examining the use of World English in feminists’ protests against sexual harassment and rape across the globe. Focusing specifically on Nepal’s “RageAgainstRape” movement and similar protests in other countries and continents, this chapter considers protest signs and placards written in Global English that allow women from very different contexts to identify with each other, and builds on Suresh Canagarajah’s theories of how people in non-dominant spaces can engage in semiotic reconstruction to adapt dominant languages for their individual needs. The chapter concludes that the examination of these Global English signs reveals two core functions of Global English: (1) the use of Global English makes signs relevant to multiple cultures, and (2) the use of Global English affirms common identities of women across cultures, thus marking the protesters as Global citizens who are together fighting for a better world.
#MeToo and Everyday Sexism in Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Umme Busra Fateha , Jahan Fariha
Published: June 2023

Almost five years after the #MeToo allegation against Harvey Weinstein, this chapter looks back from a feminist point of view to understand the #MeToo situation in Bangladesh. Based on seven in-depth interviews with #MeToo survivors and a journalist, the chapter brings together personal experiences of and responses to #MeToo in the complex sociopolitical, cultural, and feminist context in Bangladesh. Instead of providing a concrete answer on the success or failure of #MeToo in Bangladesh, the chapter rather suggests that although progress is slow, and not many of the offenders were punished or socially ostracized, #MeToo has been successful in leaving a strong message against everyday sexism. #MeToo, from a spark of individual movement, has now transformed to a countrywide movement against sexual violence. Thus, in a non-Western, non-white country like Bangladesh, #MeToo worked through revision rather than replication.
“Smashing Spatial Patriarchy?”
Authors: Prasadika Thilini
Published: June 2023

In response to the global #MeToo movement launched in the United States in late 2017, two public initiatives—“16 Days, 16 Stories” by the United Nations Population Fund, Sri Lanka, and #CreateAScene (#සද්දයක්දාන්න, #குரல்எழுப்புவோம் in Sinhala and Tamil vernacular) by the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief, Sri Lanka, and its partners—were launched in 2018 and 2019, respectively. These were aimed at urging the “victims” and bystanders to respond to sexual and verbal harassment in the public transport system in Sri Lanka. This chapter attempts to explore the different sociocultural, economic, and political aspects of these initiatives by exploring: (a) how “16 Days, 16 Stories” and #CreateAScene attempt to (re)define feminist activist interventions in Sri Lanka, particularly in relation to the global #MeToo movement; (b) how these initiatives influences “victims” and bystanders at the intersections of different power hierarchies; and (c) how these initiatives define/mobilize concepts such as consent, autonomy, and the decision-making ability of “victims” and bystanders in Sri Lanka. This research uses a critical feminist studies framework to analyze videos, social media content, and other available campaign material.
#MeToo and the Need for Vegetarian-Feminist Approaches in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kraśna Denisa
Published: June 2023

Using Carol J. Adams's feminist-vegetarian critical theory, this chapter analyzes the reception of #MeToo in Czech by examining the responses of powerful authority figures and influential celebrities who allied to oppose #MeToo by employing sexist and speciesist discourse. Dismissive responses to #MeToo underscore the importance of a movement that is adapted to the Czech context. The chapter traces the historical roots of feminism and vegetarianism in Czech and uncovers how their pioneers advocated for the concurrent focus on the liberation of women and other animals by following an empathetic, alcohol-free, vegetarian lifestyle. By underlining the intersecting nature of meat consumption and sexual violence, the chapter argues for a joined movement of feminists and vegetarians that opposes both violence against women and other animals. Reuniting the two movements could free Czech society of its toxic masculinity and cyclical injustices against both women and animals.
Beyond Financial Accounting: What Drives Leaders
Authors: Cappelli Peter
Published: June 2023

The rising power of the investment community over corporations since the 1980s changed the basic ways that companies managed their operations in part because the corporate leaders themselves were different; they were much more likely to have come from engineering and finance backgrounds and less likely to have had hands-on management experience. They were also themselves managed more like contractors with explicit financial objectives. Improving reported financial outcomes requires driving down employee headcount even if doing so just shifted work to vendors and leased employees. The industry that provides nonemployee workers to companies has become huge and now drives many of the trends that first got it started.
Hiring
Authors: Cappelli Peter
Published: June 2023

No management practices are more important or get more attention than hiring. The practice of it has grown systematically worse over time, such that few employers even try to track how well their hiring is working. This chapter describes the shortsighted aspects of contemporary practice, based on driving down the hiring costs that appear in financial accounting while creating enormous costs elsewhere. The most obvious cost of poor hiring is employee turnover, which drives most of the need for additional hiring. The heart of many of the hiring problems has been cutting recruiters—who are relatively cheap—and pushing their tasks onto line managers, who are both more expensive and overwhelmed with other tasks such that they hire badly. Cutting recruiters appears cheaper in financial accounting because it cuts headcount.
ReSounding Poverty
Authors: Helbig Adriana N.
Published: June 2023

ReSounding Poverty: Romani Music and Development Aid engages with global scholarship on development, poverty, and applied research. It addresses the role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) within postsocialist neoliberal processes and analyzes the economic structures within which Romani musics circulate. Specifically, ReSounding Poverty offers a microethnography of economic networks that impact the daily lives of Romani musicians on the borders of the former Soviet Union and the European Union. It argues that the development aid allotted to provide economic assistance to Romani communities, when analyzed from the perspective of the performance arts, continues to marginalize the poorest among them. Through their structure and programming, NGOs choose which segments of the population are the most vulnerable and in the greatest need of assistance. Drawing on ethnographic research in development contexts, ReSounding Poverty asks who speaks for whom within the Romani rights movement today. Framing the critique of development aid in musical terms, it engages with Romani marginalization and economic deprivation through a closer listening to vocal inflections, physical vocalizations of health and disease, and emotional affect. ReSounding Poverty brings us into the back rooms of saman, mud and straw brick, houses not visited by media reporters and politicians, amplifying the cultural expressions of the Romani poor, silenced in the business of development.
Awareness
Authors: Helbig Adriana N.
Published: June 2023

The first half of the book, comprising the Introduction and first four chapters, offers macro perspectives on how Romani music and Romani musicians engage with international programs that shape policies and attitudes regarding Roms in post-Soviet society. Through an analysis of development structures, aid programs, and on-the-ground initiatives, the data offer a broad perspective on the relationship between music and Romani rights. The second half of the book, containing a further four chapters, brings the discussion to a micro level, offering a more intimate analysis of Romani sounds. Flipping the narrative of aid, it offers a critical analysis of the everyday experiences of impoverished Roms. Moving from discussions of stage performance, film, and social media initiatives, the second half of the book brings us into the mud-floor houses of impoverished Roms. Broadening earlier discussions of music and performance aesthetics to a focus on sound and the body, it brings us into the sonic experiences of people whose physical and mental health is shaped by the traumas and transitions of post-Soviet realities. Through an analysis of everyday struggles, it asks how the aid programs discussed in the first half of the book shape people’s everyday lives.
Transitions
Authors: Helbig Adriana N.
Published: June 2023

Chapter 1 offers a historical overview of Romani experiences in today’s eastern and western Ukraine. It contextualizes the role of Romani musicians in the Austrian and Russian Empires and charts the trajectory of such roles from the Soviet period to the present day. It also analyzes how different state policies have contributed to distinct economic, political, and social experiences for various Roma groups. This chapter paints a historical overview of non-Rom perceptions about Roms and how Romani politicians engage with such narratives in Ukraine today through examples from literature, poetry, and art.
Accountability
Authors: Helbig Adriana N.
Published: June 2023

Chapter 3 explores the choices researchers make when the boundaries between scholarship and advocacy blur. It argues that in applied research settings, scholars highlight chosen aspects of the ethnographic encounter that benefit the people with whom they collaborate. Taking as a given the so-called observer effect, where the mere observation of a phenomenon inevitably changes that phenomenon, this chapter engages with contemporary critiques in Eastern Europe that identify NGOs as political actors that introduce modes of thought that push against the status quo. So-called agenda-setting theories, usually applied to media in terms of having the ability to influence the importance placed on issues in the public sphere, play a role in activist scholarship. This chapter extends this analysis to academic institutions, offering a critique of how educational programs in the United States engage with Romani music and help shape Romani rights discourses worldwide.
Mobilities
Authors: Helbig Adriana N.
Published: June 2023

Chapter 4 focuses on the history of Romani musicianship in Transcarpathia, Ukraine’s westernmost region that shares borders with Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, and Romania. A micro-ethnography of music-making in Uzhhorod, Transcarpathia’s administrative capital with a sizable Romani population, and home to one of Ukraine’s largest Romani organization, Romani Yag (Romani Fire), the chapter charts the history of associations between Romani musicians and Romani cultural, educational, political, and human rights organizations in post-Soviet Ukraine. This chapter uses music to highlight how shifts in borders have shaped and influenced Romani music traditions. It analyzes developments in Romani music concerning local, state, and international patronage, and offers perspectives on Romani modes of self-presentation.
Networks
Authors: Helbig Adriana N.
Published: June 2023

Chapter 5 offers a history of development programs for Roms in Ukraine. It analyzes their impact on local, regional, state, and international levels and evaluates the positive and often unintended consequences of such interventions. Essential to an understanding of the outcomes is that initial programming initiatives did not include Romani voices and that the patterns set in place in the early years of post-Soviet collapse set the scenes for intervention programs of the twenty-first century. This chapter focuses on programs explicitly aimed at cultural development and how culture has been used as a political tool in the context of the broader post-Soviet society. Shaped by non-Romani imaginings of Romani engagements with music, this chapter explains how and why Romani music has become so politicized and analyzes its continued importance within the Romani rights movement.
Release
Authors: Helbig Adriana N.
Published: June 2023

Chapter 8 examines expressions of emotional health among the Romani poor. It takes a critical look at the impact of living in a state of financial, emotional, and political instability and how such emotional states impact Romani psychological well-being. This chapter looks particularly at vocal expressions of pain and suffering. It also celebrates aural expressions of joy while pushing back at the historically rooted tropes that reduce Roms to nothing more than happy stage performers, somehow devoid of full humanity (and the attendant pain and suffering that comes with it). In discussing the processing of trauma that music allows, this chapter offers space to express raw emotion that impoverished Roms cannot afford. It also critiques the exploitation of female Romani vocality in development discourse. Breaking the silence of the visual gaze that frames development reports, this chapter analyzes the aural soundtrack that accompanies media depictions of the Romani poor.
Reflection
Authors: Helbig Adriana N.
Published: June 2023

The chapter reflects on activist fieldwork methods as a form of labor. It acknowledges the unforeseen physical, emotional, and psychological challenges of conducting ethnographic research in environments marred by violence. Finally, it urges activist scholars to recognize the importance of adequate training for research under duress. As the Internet grows as a research and activist tool, time and memory emerge as essential factors in data analysis. As personal and professional memories blur in cyber time, the researcher's experiences unwittingly (re)frame the ethnographic narrative.