bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of an objective for a hyper-numerical-aperture immersion lithography tool with a multi-step alternative grouping design method
Authors: Yan Xu , Li Yanqiu , Liu Lihui , Liu Ke
Published: May 2022

An adequate initial structure plays an important role in achieving a high-quality hyper-numerical-aperture (NA) catadioptric objective for an immersion lithography tool. A multi-step alternative grouping design method is innovated to achieve a feasible aspherical initial structure of the hyper-NA objective. The objective is first divided into three groups: the object-side group (G1), the middle group (G2), and the image-side group (G3), and then each group is designed separately. To guarantee the effective connection of these separate groups, G1 and G2 or G2 and G3 are connected as G12 or G32 on the object or image side with an aspherical structure. Then, through ray tracing in the forward path and the reverse path, G2 will be recalculated to a new aspherical structure, and the hybrid iterating process will be adopted to get a better G2 and to better connect the whole system. Finally, G1 and the new G2 and G3 are connected as a feasible aspherical initial structure of the hyper-NA catadioptric objective, which can be considered a good starting point for further optimization. A high-performance catadioptric objective with a hyper-NA of 1.35 was designed by the proposed method.
Point spread function of the polarized light field microscope
Authors: Tran Mai Thi , Oldenbourg Rudolf
Published: May 2022

We examined the point spread function of the polarized light field microscope and established a computational framework to solve the forward problem in polarized light field imaging, for the purpose of furthering its use as a quantitative tool for measuring three-dimensional maps of the birefringence of transparent objects. We recorded experimental polarized light field images of small calcite crystals and of larger birefringent objects and compared our experimental results to numerical simulations based on polarized light ray tracing. We find good agreement between all our experiments and simulations, which leads us to propose polarized light ray tracing as one solution to the forward problem for the complex, nonlinear imaging mode of the polarized light field microscope. Solutions to the ill-posed inverse problem might be found in analytical methods and/or deep learning approaches that are based on training data generated by the forward solution presented here.
Investigation on repetition-coding and space-time-block-coding for indoor optical wireless communications employing beam shaping based on orbital angular momentum modes
Authors: Li Jianghao , Yang Qi , Dai Xiaoxiao , Lim Christina , Nirmalathas Ampalavanapillai
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we propose a novel beam shaping technique based on orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes for indoor optical wireless communications (OWC). Furthermore, we investigate two spatial diversity techniques, namely repetition-coding (RC) and Alamouti-type orthogonal space-time-block-coding (STBC) for indoor OWC employing the new beam shaping technique. The performance of both diversity schemes is systematically analyzed and compared under different beam shaping techniques using different OAM modes with different power ratios of the modes. It is shown that both RC and STBC can improve the system performance and effective coverage and RC outperforms STBC in all the beam shaping techniques regardless of the power ratios of the different modes. In addition, to further understand the performance of RC and STBC schemes against the signal delays induced during OAM mode conversion, the system tolerance of the two schemes to the delay interval is investigated with different OAM mode-based beam shaping techniques. Numerical results show that higher resistance to the delay interval can be achieved in STBC scheme. The advantage is more obvious when employing OAM0 and OAM1 based beam shaping technique.
Multimode soliton collisions in graded-index optical fibers
Authors: Sun Yifan , Zitelli Mario , Ferraro Mario , Mangini Fabio , Parra-Rivas Pedro , Wabnitz Stefan
Published: May 2022

In this work, we unveil the unique complex dynamics of multimode soliton interactions in graded-index optical fibers through simulations and experiments. By generating two multimode solitons from the fission of an input femtosecond pulse, we examine the evolution of their Raman-induced red-shift when the input pulse energy grows larger. Remarkably, we find that the output red-shift of the trailing multimode soliton may be reduced, so that it accelerates until it collides with the leading multimode soliton. As a result of the inelastic collision, a significant energy transfer occurs between the two multimode solitons: the trailing soliton captures energy from the leading soliton, which ultimately enhances its red-shift, thus increasing temporal separation between the two multimode solitons.
Adaptive Youla–Kučera parametric control of unknown tip-tilt disturbance rejection in image stabilization systems
Authors: Ruan Yong , Xu Tianrong , Tang Tao , Peng Zhenming
Published: May 2022

We propose a new, to the best of our knowledge, adaptive control method to attenuate beam jitter in image stabilization systems, which breaks the restrictions of existing adaptive control methods in terms of time consumption and control stability, and then provides an innovative way for tip-tilt disturbance rejection. In this approach, disturbance rejection could be converted to optimize error attenuation through the parameters design of the Youla–Kučera (YK) parametric controller, which are determined by a new on-line power spectrum density (PSD) estimation of tip-tilt errors to identify the frequency and amplitude of unknown disturbances. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method working in an adaptive correction process can attenuate the beam jitter to approximately 1/3 less than the original control error.
On-chip path encoded photonic quantum Toffoli gate
Authors: Li Meng , Li Chu , Chen Yang , Feng Lan-Tian , Yan Linyu , Zhang Qian , Bao Jueming , Liu Bi-Heng , Ren Xi-Feng , Wang Jianwei , Wang Shufeng , Gao Yunan , Hu Xiaoyong , Gong Qihuang , Li Yan
Published: May 2022

The quantum Toffoli gate is one of the most important three-qubit gates, but it is challenging to construct a chip according to the complicated traditional circuit. Using the optimized 3D configuration with an overpass waveguide to reduce the circuit complexity, we successfully fabricate an on-chip path encoded photonic quantum Toffoli gate enabled by the 3D capability of the femtosecond laser direct writing (FLDW) for the first time to our knowledge, whose truth-table fidelity is higher than 85.5%. Furthermore, a path encoded four-qubit controlled-controlled-controlled NOT gate is written to confirm the scalability of this resource-saving technique. This work paves the way for the FLDW of more complex and powerful photonic quantum computation chips.
Nearly 70  Gbit/s NRZ-OOK encoding of a dual-mode 850  nm VCSEL with a highly In-doped and small Zn-diffused emission area
Authors: Lin Gong-Ru , Cheng Chih-Hsien , Kuo Hao-Chung , Lee Shao-Yung , Chen Xin , Wang Chia-Hsuan , Li Ming-Jun , Huang Yu-Ming , Huang Wei-Ta , Yang Dong
Published: May 2022

By pre-emphasized encoding of a dual-mode 850 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), the nearly 70 Gbit/s on–off keying (OOK) transmission performance is performed for the ultrafast data link. This VCSEL is designed with a new structural configuration, including 6 μm oxidized aperture and 4 μm Zn-diffused emission aperture, which exhibits dual-mode lasing with a threshold current of 0.75 mA, a nonsaturated power of 2.2 mW at 8 mA, and a differential quantum efficiency of 0.38 under a lensed OM4 multimode fiber (MMF) coupling scheme. In particular, the high indium (In) dopant density in the quantum well increases its differential gain coefficient to upshift the relaxation oscillation frequency, which effectively broadens the modulation bandwidth to high-speed data transmission. For the back-to-back transmission, the VCSEL coupled with a lensed OM4-MMF (1 m) for short-reach link reveals an NRZ-OOK transmission at 66 and 69 Gbit/s with a corresponding bit-error ratio (BER) of

5.9
×

10

−
10

and

10

−
5

for error-free decoding after forward-error correction. When employing graded-index single-mode fiber (GI-SMF) with 100 m length as the transmission segment, the VCSEL linked to the GI-SMF connected with a lensed OM4-MMF (1 m) collimator can provide the pre-emphasized NRZ-OOK transmission at 51 Gbit/s with a BER of

4.5
×

10

−
10

and SNR of 14.1 dB.
Role of non-specific interactions in the phase-separation and maturation of macromolecules
Authors: Krishnan Rakesh , Ranganathan Srivastav , Maji Samir K. , Padinhateeri Ranjith
Published: May 2022

Phase separation of biomolecules could be mediated by both specific and non-specific interactions. How the interplay between non-specific and specific interactions along with polymer entropy influences phase separation is an open question. We address this question by simulating self-associating molecules as polymer chains with a short core stretch that forms the specifically interacting functional interface and longer non-core regions that participate in non-specific/promiscuous interactions. Our results show that the interplay of specific (strength, ϵsp) and non-specific interactions (strength, ϵns) could result in phase separation of polymers and its transition to solid-like aggregates (mature state). In the absence of ϵns, the polymer chains do not dwell long enough in the vicinity of each other to undergo phase separation and transition into a mature state. On the other hand, in the limit of strong ϵns, the assemblies cannot transition into the mature state and form a non-specific assembly, suggesting an optimal range of interactions favoring mature multimers. In the scenario where only a fraction (Nfrac) of the non-core regions participate in attractive interactions, we find that slight modifications to either ϵns or Nfrac can result in dramatically altered self-assembled states. Using a combination of heterogeneous and homogeneous mix of polymers, we establish how this interplay between interaction energies dictates the propensity of biomolecules to find the correct binding partner at dilute concentrations in crowded environments.
Prediction of dengue annual incidence using seasonal climate variability in Bangladesh between 2000 and 2018
Authors: Hossain M. Pear , Zhou Wen , Ren Chao , Marshall John , Yuan Hsiang-Yu
Published: May 2022

The incidence of dengue has increased rapidly in Bangladesh since 2010 with an outbreak in 2018 reaching a historically high number of cases, 10,148. A better understanding of the effects of climate variability before dengue season on the increasing incidence of dengue in Bangladesh can enable early warning of future outbreaks. We developed a generalized linear model to predict the number of annual dengue cases based on monthly minimum temperature, rainfall and sunshine prior to dengue season. Variable selection and leave-one-out cross-validation were performed to identify the best prediction model and to evaluate the model’s performance. Our model successfully predicted the largest outbreak in 2018, with 10,077 cases (95% CI: [9,912–10,276]), in addition to smaller outbreaks in five different years (2003, 2006, 2010, 2012 and 2014) and successfully identified the increasing trend in cases between 2010 and 2018. We found that temperature was positively associated with the annual incidence during the late winter months (between January and March) but negatively associated during the early summer (between April and June). Our results might be suggest an optimal minimum temperature for mosquito growth of 21–23°C. This study has implications for understanding how climate variability has affected recent dengue expansion in neighbours of Bangladesh (such as northern India and Southeast Asia).
Robust models of disease heterogeneity and control, with application to the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic
Authors: Johnson Kory D. , Grass Annemarie , Toneian Daniel , Beiglböck Mathias , Polechová Jitka
Published: May 2022

In light of the continuing emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccines, we create a robust simulation framework for exploring possible infection trajectories under various scenarios. The situations of primary interest involve the interaction between three components: vaccination campaigns, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), and the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Additionally, immunity waning and vaccine boosters are modeled to account for their growing importance. New infections are generated according to a hierarchical model in which people have a random, individual infectiousness. The model thus includes super-spreading observed in the COVID-19 pandemic which is important for accurate uncertainty prediction. Our simulation functions as a dynamic compartment model in which an individual’s history of infection, vaccination, and possible reinfection all play a role in their resistance to further infections. We present a risk measure for each SARS-CoV-2 variant, ρV, that accounts for the amount of resistance within a population and show how this risk changes as the vaccination rate increases. ρV highlights that different variants may become dominant in different countries—and in different times—depending on the population compositions in terms of previous infections and vaccinations. We compare the efficacy of control strategies which act to both suppress COVID-19 outbreaks and relax restrictions when possible. We demonstrate that a controller that responds to the effective reproduction number in addition to case numbers is more efficient and effective in controlling new waves than monitoring case numbers alone. This not only reduces the median total infections and peak quarantine cases, but also controls outbreaks much more reliably: such a controller entirely prevents rare but large outbreaks. This is important as the majority of public discussions about efficient control of the epidemic have so far focused primarily on thresholds for case numbers.
Activated polymorphonuclear derived extracellular vesicles are potential biomarkers of periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Sallai Imre , Marton Nikolett , Szatmári Attila , Kittel Ágnes , Nagy György , Buzás Edit I. , Khamari Delaram , Komlósi Zsolt , Kristóf Katalin , Drahos László , Turiák Lilla , Sugár Simon , Veres Dániel Sándor , Kendoff Daniel , Zahár Ákos , Skaliczki Gábor
Published: May 2022

Background

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered as crucial players in a wide variety of biological processes. Although their importance in joint diseases or infections has been shown by numerous studies, much less is known about their function in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Our aim was to investigate activated polymorphonuclear (PMN)-derived synovial EVs in patients with PJI.

Questions/Purposes

(1) Is there a difference in the number and size of extracellular vesicles between periprosthetic joint aspirates of patients with PJI and aseptic loosening? (2) Are these vesicles morphologically different in the two groups? (3) Are there activated PMN-derived EVs in septic samples evaluated by flow cytometry after CD177 labelling? (4) Is there a difference in the protein composition carried by septic and aseptic vesicles?

Methods

Thirty-four patients (n = 34) were enrolled into our investigation, 17 with PJI and 17 with aseptic prosthesis loosening. Periprosthetic joint fluid was aspirated and EVs were separated. Samples were analysed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and flow cytometry (after Annexin V and CD177 labelling). The protein content of the EVs was studied by mass spectrometry (MS).

Results

NTA showed particle size distribution in both groups between 150 nm and 450 nm. The concentration of EVs was significantly higher in the septic samples (p = 0.0105) and showed a different size pattern as compared to the aseptic ones. The vesicular nature of the particles was confirmed by TEM and differential detergent lysis. In the septic group, FC analysis showed a significantly increased event number both after single and double labelling with fluorochrome conjugated Annexin V (p = 0.046) and Annexin V and anti-CD177 (p = 0.0105), respectively. MS detected a significant difference in the abundance of lactotransferrin (p = 0.00646), myeloperoxidase (p = 0.01061), lysozyme C (p = 0.04687), annexin A6 (p = 0.03921) and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (p = 0.03146) between the studied groups.

Conclusions

An increased number of activated PMN derived EVs were detected in the synovial fluid of PJI patients with a characteristic size distribution and a specific protein composition. The activated PMNs-derived extracellular vesicles can be potential biomarkers of PJI.
Los PLEs en la Educación Superior: hacia el concepto y desarrollo del iPLE
Authors: González-Calatayud Víctor , Sánchez-Vera María del Mar , Solano-Fernández Isabel María
Published: May 2022

A pesar de que los Entornos Personales de Aprendizaje (PLE) surgieron como una alternativa a los Sistemas de Gestión de Aprendizaje (LMS), hoy en día nos encontramos con que muchas universidades incorporan los PLE de sus estudiantes en el LMS institucional. Este tipo de PLE se ha denominado PLE institucional o iPLE y, en algunos casos, Entornos Personales de Aprendizaje Organizado. Este artículo presenta algunos de los datos recogidos en el proyecto CAPPLE. El proyecto tiene como objetivo analizar el PLE de 2054 estudiantes universitarios de último curso, mediante una investigación de tipo exploratorio. Aunque los estudiantes de hoy en día se consideran nativos digitales, los datos muestran que la mayoría de ellos prefiere actividades más tradicionales, como la participación en clases presenciales, y prefieren guardar documentos en su ordenador en vez de en la nube. Las mujeres utilizan más Internet para comunicar información que los hombres y también utilizan más las redes sociales para realizar tareas de aprendizaje. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados del estudio, este trabajo presenta algunas recomendaciones para que las instituciones de educación superior logren una mejora en el iPLE de sus estudiantes.
Network based data oriented methods for application driven problems
Authors: Hajdu László
Published: May 2022

Networks are amazing. If you think about it, some of them can be found in almost every single aspect of our life from sociological, financial and biological processes to the human body. Even considering entities that are not necessarily connected to each other in a natural sense, can be connected based on real life properties, creating a whole new aspect to express knowledge. A network as a structure implies not only interesting and complex mathematical questions, but the possibility to extract hidden and additional information from real life data. The data that is one of the most valuable resources of this century. The different activities of the society and the underlying processes produces a huge amount of data, which can be available for us due to the technological knowledge and tools we have nowadays. Nevertheless, the data without the contained knowledge does not represent value, thus the main focus in the last decade is to generate or extract information and knowledge from the data. Consequently, data analytics and science, as well as data-driven methodologies have become leading research fields both in scientific and industrial areas. In this dissertation, the author introduces efficient algorithms to solve application oriented optimization and data analysis tasks built on network science based models. The main idea is to connect these problems along graph based approaches, from virus modelling on an existing system through understanding the spreading mechanism of an infection/influence and maximize or minimize the effect, to financial applications, such as fraud detection or cost optimization in a case of employee rostering.
Preservación del patrimonio cultural - natural asociado a las plantas comestibles, en asentamientos del área protegida. Parque Nacional Alejandro de Humboldt
Authors: Moreno Rodríguez Emérita
Published: May 2022

La investigación tiene como objetivo aportar elementos para el rescate del acervo cultural - natural de los pobladores, acerca de la utilización de la flora circundante vinculadas a la cocina tradicional de la región. Se reportaron 258 formas de aprovechamiento, de un total de 75 especies, de las cuales 69 se emplean de forma independiente y 28 se unen constituyendo las recetas de los platos tradicionales de la región.
Las epidemias en la Cartagena de Indias del Siglo XVI –XVII: Una aproximación a los discursos de la salud y el impacto de las epidemias y los matices ideológicos subyacentes en la sociedad colonial
Authors: Diaz Pardo Camilo
Published: May 2022

Las epidemias y los aspectos vinculados a la salud de ciudades y comunidades históricas habían sido objeto de análisis por parte de disciplinas como la historia de la medicina y la epidemiología hasta épocas recientes. Pero en la actualidad ha ocurrido un amalgamiento y una confluencia de intereses académicos con estudios históricos y arqueológicos dado el gran potencial para develar respuestas similares transculturales y los orígenes de reacciones mas idiosincrásicas ante la presencia de fenómenos parecidos en el mundo contemporáneo. La ciudad de Cartagena de Indias se constituye en un lugar privilegiado ya que es un microcosmos donde se integraron o se encontraron los elementos humanos que materializaban la sociedad caribeña colonial y donde las epidemias, la salud pública y las respuestas culturales a estos eventos pueden ser analizados bajo nuevas perspectivas que tomen en cuenta las raíces culturales de los diferentes grupos afectados.
Cartagena veintiún años después de ser declarada patrimonio mundial
Authors: Samudio Trallero Alberto
Published: May 2022

Esta ponencia reconstruye, en primer lugar, un breve recuento de la evolución urbana del centro histórico de Cartagena de Indias, a partir de las primeras décadas del siglo XX, cuando se inicia su recuperación después de un largo período de decadencia ocasionado por el sitio de Pablo Morillo, la guerra de independencia, los conflictos civiles y la incomunicación con el interior del país por el cierre del Canal del Dique. Se producen las primeras manifestaciones de que la ciudad y sus autoridades han tomado conciencia de la importancia de la conservación de su patrimonio monumental. En segundo lugar, en retrospectiva, realiza una mirada a la legislación que respaldó y promovió la labor de conservación del patrimonio urbano y arquitectónico de Cartagena. Posteriormente, en tercer lugar, cuenta cómo comenzó la labor de recuperación de las viejas casonas de los períodos colonial y republicano y su acondicionamiento para nuevos usos. Después, en cuarto lugar, analiza la inclusión de Cartagena en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial y las consecuencias de esta acción. En último lugar, el autor muestra el panorama de la situación actual, bajo una fuerte presión provocada por la demanda inmobiliaria y las posibles repercusiones de orden socioeconómico, urbanístico y ambiental.
¿Cómo escribir una historia de la imposible? Michel-Rolph Trouillot y la interpretación de la revolución haitiana
Authors: Espinosa Arango Mónica L.
Published: May 2022

La revolución haitiana se convirtió en un no-evento, parte de un pasado extraño y distante para el que nadie tenía una explicación racional, pues la mayoría de los contemporáneos a los acontecimientos fueron incapaces de comprender la revolución en sus propios términos. Por esa razón, se realiza un análisis del texto de Trouillot” Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History”. En él, el autor no sólo indaga la evidencia histórica sino, sobre todo, cuestiona las bases epistemológicas de la tradición historiográfica de Saint Domingue/Haití desde donde ha sido relatado este acontecimiento, mostrando por qué la revolución no encajaba en las categorías y realidades concebibles de Hombre y sociedad de la época. Nos encontramos entonces con relatos de libertad que fueron silenciados y trivializados hasta hace poco por la historia que contaron los vencedores.
Historiar las comunidades a partir de la memoria de los colectivos
Authors: Urdaneta Quintero Arlene
Published: May 2022

La construcción y aprendizaje del conocimiento desde diferentes disciplinas requiere la comprensión del contexto histórico de aquellos espacios sociales en los cuales está inserto el individuo. Necesidad que responde a las demandas de la sociedad contemporánea y a las modalidades que se introducen en el proceso de aprendizaje de las ciencias sociales al enfrentar los cambios introducidos por la globalización. Se pretende considerar los derroteros metodológicos para abordar e interpretar la historia desde los registros más recientes y significativos de la comunidad, de la vida cotidiana y de la memoria colectiva para conocer desde la identidad del ciudadano popular caribeño a la sociedad contemporánea y los problemas que enfrenta. De este modo se comprenden las transformaciones de las comunidades rurales y urbanas, en la mediana y larga duración, a partir de las experiencias colectivas entendidas en el contexto local, regional, nacional y mundial.
“El blanco está hecho de otra materia que el negro”. El periplo del viajero alemán Wilhem Marr en Centroamérica (1852-1853)
Authors: Rodríguez Sancho Javier
Published: May 2022

En el presente ensayo, se analiza, una de las visitas que realizó el hamburgués Wilhelm Marr a Nicaragua y Costa Rica. Con base en su diario de viaje, intitulado en español como: Viaje a Centroamérica (2004) del original: Reise nach Central-Amerika (1863), resultado de su travesía por una sección del Istmo entre los años 1852 y 1853. Se intenta rastrear en sus apuntes personales, parte de la perspectiva ideológica e interiorización del espacio humano y natural que encontró a su paso. Así determinar las relaciones posibles del otrora discurso: norte-sur; en la definición y aprehensión del entorno y sus gentes desde su propia cosmovisión eurocéntrica. En este mismo sentido, se ofrece un recuento histórico sobre el fenómeno del colonialismo en América desde el siglo XVI hasta el XX con particular énfasis en Centroamérica. Palabras claves: Centroamérica, siglo XIX, viajeros alemanes, comercio y relaciones Norte-Sur
Apuntes sobre migraciones internas e identidad Caribe: Caso del turismo y cruceros en Cartagena
Authors: Padilla Díaz Katia
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo es un análisis exploratorio sobre la relación que existe entre la identidad Caribe y las migraciones internas sujetas al turismo, así como sus implicaciones en asuntos de género. Como ejemplo menciono el caso de los cruceros en Cartagena y los estereotipos y prácticas en torno a la cultura negra como fetiche, a partir de la revisión bibliográfica de algunos autores que abordan estos temas.
Characterisation of indigenous plants for herbal formulations preparation based on pharmacognostic and physiochemical data
Authors: Mochahary Banjai , Brahma Sudem , Kalita Mrinal , Goyal Arvind Kumar
Published: May 2022

The use of plant-based drugs has increased considerably in the modern world for their efficiency in managing diseases with lesser side effects than synthetic drugs. The current study was aimed to confirm the identity, quality and purity of some locally available potential medicinal plants such as Alstonia scholaris (bark), Centella asiatica (whole plant), Drymaria cordata (whole plant), Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides (whole plant), Oroxylum indicum (bark), Senna hirsuta (leaf), Senna occidentalis (leaf), Solanum indicum (root), Stephania japonica (tuber) in powdered form. The powdered plant parts were evaluated for preliminary phytochemicals, pharmacognostical studies, physical characteristics and heavy metals. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the different extracts inferred the existence of carbohydrates, phenolics, alkaloids and amino acids while triterpenoids were absent. Microscopical study of the powder revealed the diagnostic qualities such as stone cells, trichomes, stomata, calcium oxalate crystal, fibres, xylem vessel, pitted spiral vessels, etc. The colour, odour, flavour/taste and texture of the pulverized plant were overall acceptable. The physical characteristics which determine the flow rate of the powder with respect to Carr’s index and Hausner’s ratio were found to be good to passable except for Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides (whole plant), Oroxylum indicum (bark), which were not easily passable. The heavy metal test showed the absence of bismuth, cadmium and lead. Thus the present study may serve as a standard reference for the quality control analysis of the herbal drug either singly or in synergy.
Teacher digital competence development in higher education: Overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Peters Mitchell , Elasri Ejjaberi Amal , Jesús Martínez Maria , Fabregues Sergi
Published: May 2022

The scope of digital technology integration in university teaching has changed our understanding of teacher readiness and teacher competence. Recently, faced with the digitalisation of higher education (HE), the construct of teacher digital competence (TDC) has emerged. Although there are many recent systematic reviews on digital competence from a range of perspectives and geographic settings, such reviews often show a limited view of a larger digital competence landscape in HE. The current study on TDC development in HE aims to synthesise knowledge to provide an integrated and global assessment of existing evidence. We carried out a systematic overview, especially suited for identifying, synthesising and critically appraising published reviews on a given topic amidst an abundance of research. We identified three clear settings by synthesising 740 studies across 13 systematic reviews. Results reveal a significant interest in TDC in Spain, conducted by researchers in the field of educational technology concerned with teacher training and teacher professional development. We make recommendations to reorient the field by understanding TDC development through an integrated, transversal and holistic perspective; moving away from basic forms of research; and conducting and reporting research in line with methodological guidelines to ensure the highest possible standards. 
Implications for practice or policy:

Stakeholders interested in better fostering TDC could complement training and evaluation with an integrated and systems-based approach, including sustaining an institutional culture that strategically supports TDC development.
Researchers could move away from basic forms of research design in order to advance the field beyond self-assessment and evaluation studies.
Systematic review research can be improved by following rigorous methodological guidelines, including critical appraisal and transparent methods to synthesise studies, to ensure the highest academic integrity.
In and out of the cage: informational privacy in Henry James’s In the Cage
Authors: Fang Fan , Hao Xiangjian
Published: May 2022

The issue of informational privacy emerged from the modern, technological landscape during the fin de siècle. The novelist Henry James approached this issue in his letters and novella In the Cage (1898), concurrent with lawyers Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis’s seminal legal discourse of the right to privacy. Despite the time affinity, James had recourse to the power of societal ethos in his works to unravel privacy issues, which diverged from the lawyers’ demand for legal rights. Still, the concurrence and divergence over informational privacy resonate in examining the tripartite relationship among informational privacy, modern technology and humans’ freedom. By analysing the epistemological dimensions of informational privacy and a crucial scene of trial in James’s In the Cage, this article argues that the protagonist’s choice to stay in or out of the informational “cage” invites the reader to reconsider between and beyond the private sphere and the public sphere. Privacy as a moral or legal right is dependent on the dynamics between the desire to know and the intention of intrusion as well as the negotiation between the public and private spheres. Tracing how the privacy issue emerged in the historical context, we hold that James’s text as the interface of law and literature echoes the texture of moral and legal complexity in today’s informational privacy issues.
Lidocaine vs. tramadol vs. placebo wound infiltration for post-cesarean section pain relief: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hussein Ahmed , Torky Haitham , Aly Rania , Abdel-Rasheed Mazen , El-Baz Ashraf , Mahmoud Hossam , Sileem Sileem , Badawy Mahmoud , Sayd Zainab , Dief Osama , Elsadek Ahmed , Marie Heba , Abo-Louz Ashraf
Published: May 2022

Objectives

In low-income settings, postoperative pain relief could be challenging as a high patient/nurse ratio limits pain assessment and adequate analgesics administration. The multi-center prospective double-blinded parallel randomized controlled trial was done to compare lidocaine, tramadol, and placebo (saline) intraoperative wound infiltration to relieve post-cesarean section wound pain during the first 24 h.

Methods

Ninety-nine cases were equally randomized into three groups, each containing 33 pregnant women undergoing cesarean section under general anesthesia. During operation, the wound was infiltrated subcutaneously with 20 mL of 2% lidocaine solution in the first group, 2 mg/kg tramadol in the second group, and saline in the third group. The primary outcome was to assess the postoperative pain at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h by the Yes-No-Don’t Know (YNDK) Scale, while the secondary outcome was to assess the need for further postoperative analgesia.

Results

Wound infiltration with lidocaine or tramadol was effective in pain relief, and both were superior to placebo. Wound infiltration with tramadol was superior to lidocaine in pain relief at 2 h and up to 24 h.

Conclusions

Wound infiltration with tramadol has a more prolonged pain relief effect than lidocaine in post-cesarean section pain relief in patients performing cesarean section under general anesthesia lasting up to 24 h, and both are superior to placebo in pain relief.
Response of cannabidiol hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) varieties grown in the southeastern United States to nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Atoloye Idowu A. , Adesina Ifeoluwa , Shahbazi Abolghasem , Bhowmik Arnab
Published: May 2022

With the expanding hemp cannabidiol (CBD) industry in the United States, information on fertilizer recommendations for optimal production under field conditions is deficient in the literature. This study evaluates the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization on bud biomass and CBD yield of two high-yielding CBD hemp varieties (Spectrum and Therapy) under field conditions. Four application rates of N fertilization (0, 56, 112, and 224 kg N ha−1) were supplied using 2 commercially available N fertilizers. Fresh bud biomass, dry bud biomass, and CBD yield (g plant−1) increased quadratically with N fertilization rates, with optimum rates between 140 and 190 kg N ha−1. When pooled across varieties, the tissue N concentration was linearly related to the fresh bud biomass, dry bud biomass, and CBD yield. Our findings show that N fertilization can affect CBD yield under field conditions. The resulting effect of N fertilizer rates on these varieties could serve as a preliminary guide for CBD hemp production under field conditions, although results may differ with variety, location, or fertilizer type.
Determination of Forage Yield and Some Quality Characteristics of Silage Sorghum Genotypes at Different Water Stress Levels
Authors: ARICI Ramazan Çağatay , AVCI Mehmet Ali
Published: May 2022

The study was conducted in order to determine the forage yield and some quality characteristics of silage sorghum genotypes at different water stress levels in the Randomized Complete Block Design arranged in split plots under Konya ecological conditions in 2020.

Three irrigation treatments (I1: Full irrigation; I2: 75% of I1; I3: 50% of I1) and 14 silage sorghum genotypes supplied from other countries were used in this study, irrigation subjects formed the main parcels and the genotypes sub-plots. In the study, the lowest and highest values were; 4756 kg da-1 (I3)-6757 kg da-1 (I1) for green herbage yield; 1149 kg da-1 (I3)-2002 kg da-1 (I1) for dry matter yield, 8,1 % (I1)-9,6% (I2) for crude protein, 33.3% (I2)- 34.5% (I1) for ADF ratio, 55% (I3)- 58.4% (I2) for NDF ratio and and cellulose ratio was determined as 25.6% (I3)-28.2% (I1) respectively. The genotypes used in the study, in which the efficiency of irrigation water use efficiency increased as water stress increased, the lowest and highest dry matter yields were obtained from genotypes G-11 (4214 kg da-1) and G-4 (6961 kg da-1), respectively, while a total of 8 genotypes had higher green herbage yield values than the study average.
Hygroscopic properties of six tree species with four tangential thicknesses
Authors: Liu Chang , Shuai Shuai , Cao Shuai , Wang Pengyu , Cai Jiabin
Published: May 2022

The differences of hygroscopic property among six tree species with four thicknesses were examined. The density, chemical composition, crystallinity, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and moisture absorption rate were measured by static saturated salt solution method, and the isothermal moisture absorption curve was fitted by the H-H model to analyze monolayer molecular adsorption and multilayer molecular adsorption. The results show that under the same relative humidity (RH), the EMC of Picea asperata and Populus deltoides were increased with increasing thickness, while that of Quercus spp. and Xanthostemon melanoxylon were decreased. The moisture absorption rate of P. asperata was the largest and that of X. melanoxylon was the smallest. When RH ranged from 0 to 97%, the monolayer molecular adsorption water amount of samples with different thicknesses of the six tree species gradually became close. With the increase of tree species density, the monolayer molecular adsorption water amount of the thinner sample is gradually greater than that of the thicker sample. The change of multi-layer molecular adsorption water content is consistent with that of EMC, Moisture absorption rate, monolayer molecular adsorption water, and multilayer molecular adsorption water are related to the chemical composition content, density, and thickness of tree species.
Use of Optical Coherence Tomography in MI with Non-obstructive Coronary Arteries
Authors: Karamasis Grigoris , Xenogiannis Iosif , Varlamos Charalampos , Deftereos Spyridon , Alexopoulos Dimitrios
Published: May 2022

MI with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) comprises an important minority of cases of acute MI. Many different causes have been implicated in the pathogenetic mechanism of MINOCA. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an indispensable tool for recognising the underlying pathogenetic mechanism when epicardial pathology is suspected. OCT can reliably identify coronary lesions not apparent on conventional coronary angiography and discriminate the various phenotypes. Plaque rupture and plaque erosion are the most frequently found atherosclerotic causes of MINOCA. Furthermore, OCT can contribute to the identification of ischaemic non-atherosclerotic causes of MINOCA, such as spontaneous coronary artery dissection, coronary spasm and lone thrombus. Recognition of the exact cause will enable therapeutic management to be tailored accordingly. The combination of OCT with cardiac magnetic resonance can set a definite diagnosis in the vast majority of MINOCA patients.
Porque é de Infância que O Mundo tem Precisão! por uma hermenêutica de meninos e meninas em relatos de milagres
Authors: Pereira Nancy Cardoso
Published: May 2022

Articulação de uma hermenêutica da infância e seus desafios filosóficos eantropológicos a partir das realidades latino-americanas e do estudo do ciclode milagres do profeta Eliseu chegando até Jesus e a centralidade da infânciano evangelho.
Un Niño los pastoreará: Niñez, Teología y Misión
Authors: Ávila Silvia Correa
Published: May 2022

Harold Segura es un gran teólogo que apuesta al trabajo de la teología desde la praxis, en conexión con las realidades sociales, con la espiritualidad que conecta con nuestra realidad y la misión integral.
Apresentação
Authors: López Rebeca Montemayor , Rajo Larry José Madrigal , Kaefer Tradução - José Ademar
Published: May 2022

Quando em Havana, Cuba, formou-se um grupo de interesse para organizar um número da RIBLA dedicado à infância e à hermenêutica, com emoção e paixão foram expostas as cruas realidades da infância de nossos povos da América Latina, ao tempo em que textos, temas, autores e autoras foram levantados. Estávamos muito longe de imaginar a reviravolta da vida, a longa e escura noite que ainda não acaba. Três anos de pandemia… Como meninos e meninas sobreviveram neste tempo? Quais são as consequências sociais, educacionais e emocionais que agravam cada vez mais a situação e a condição das crianças? Existem milhares de meninas e meninos que ficaram órfãos. E as outras pandemias? Os outros órfãos? Crianças de rua, crianças migrantes, crianças traficadas, crianças objetificadas, crianças prostituídas, crianças na prisão, crianças armadas, crianças sem escola, crianças sem voz, crianças em silêncio... Isto não começou em 2020.
Socio-spatial inequalities in healthy life expectancy in the elderly, Brazil, 2013 and 2019
Authors: Szwarcwald Celia Landmann , Almeida Wanessa da Silva de , Souza Júnior Paulo Roberto Borges de , Rodrigues Jéssica Muzy , Romero Dalia Elena
Published: May 2022

The growth in longevity in Brazil has drawn attention to more useful population health measures to complement mortality. In this paper, we investigate socio-spatial differences in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy based on information from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS), 2013 and 2019. A three-stage cluster sampling with stratification of the primary sampling units and random selection in all stages was used in both PNS editions. Healthy life expectancy was estimated by Sullivan’s method by sex, age, and Federated Units (UF). Severe limitations to at least one noncommunicable chronic disease (NCD) or poor self-rated health were used to define the unhealthy state. Inequality indicators and a Principal Component analysis were used to investigate socio-spatial inequalities. From 2013 to 2019, both life expectancy and healthy life expectancy increased. The analysis by UF show larger disparities in healthy life expectancy than in life expectancy, with healthy life expectancy at age 60 varying from 13.6 to 19.9 years, in 2013, and from 14.9 to 20.1, in 2019. Healthy life expectancy in the wealthiest quintile was 20% longer than for those living in the poorest quintile. Wide socio-spatial disparities were found with the worst indicators in the UF located in the North and Northeast regions, whether considering poverty concentration or health care utilization. The socio-spatial inequalities demonstrated the excess burden of poor health experienced by older adults living in the less developed UF. The development of strategies at subnational levels is essential not only to provide equal access to health care but also to reduce risk exposures and support prevention policies for adoption of health behaviors.
Education-related health inequities in noncommunicable diseases: an analysis of the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2013 and 2019
Authors: Macinko James , Mullachery Pricila H.
Published: May 2022

This study assesses changes in the prevalence and distribution of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and related risk factors among Brazilian adults from the 2013 and 2019 Brazilian National Health Surveys (PNS). It is based on the hypothesis that deteriorating socioeconomic conditions over this period would lead to increased NCDs among the least advantaged populations. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios by education category and three inequality measures - the slope index of inequality (SII), the relative index of inequality (RII), and population attributable fraction (PAF) - for obesity, hypertension, arthritis, asthma, cancer, depression, diabetes, heart disease, having any chronic condition, and multimorbidity by survey year. We also estimated the 27 Brazilian Federative Units RII and prevalence rates for diabetes and multimorbidity per year and plotted the RII against prevalence by year. Results showed that all NCDs increased over the period observed, ranging from an 8% increase in the adjusted prevalence of arthritis to a 24% increase in the adjusted prevalence of obesity. Measures of inequality showed that most conditions exhibited significant educational inequities in both 2013 and 2019. However, on average, education-based inequities did not significantly change between the two periods. Considering the deterioration of the socioeconomic conditions of most Brazilians, the erosion of social protections, and the continuing economic, political, and health crises occurring in the nation, we observed an urgent need for discussion about the best way to adopt equity-promoting health policies and programs and action to reduce socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in NCDs throughout the country.
Tendência da disponibilidade de vacinas no Brasil: PMAQ-AB 2012, 2014 e 2018
Authors: Neves Rosália Garcia , Saes Mirelle de Oliveira , Machado Karla Pereira , Duro Suele Manjourany Silva , Facchini Luiz Augusto
Published: May 2022

O objetivo foi analisar a tendência da disponibilidade de vacinas no Brasil, em suas regiões e Unidades da Federação (UFs), de 2012 a 2018. Estudo transversal realizado com dados das unidades básicas avaliadas nos ciclos I (2012), II (2014) e III (2018) do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB). Foi avaliada a disponibilidade das vacinas dupla dT, hepatite B, meningocócica C, poliomielite, pneumocócica 10, tríplice viral, tríplice bacteriana, tetravalente/pentavalente e rotavírus humano. Para identificação da tendência, foi realizada regressão de mínimos quadrados ponderada por variância para estimar mudanças anuais, em pontos percentuais. Também foi verificada a diferença relativa e absoluta da prevalência de vacinas. A amostra foi composta por 13.842 unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) no Ciclo I, 19.752 no Ciclo II e 25.152 no Ciclo III. Verificou-se tendência crescente da prevalência de disponibilidade de todas as vacinas investigadas no período avaliado, com aumento de 16p.p. entre 2012 e 2018, alcançando cerca de 70% em 2018. As regiões com maior tendência de aumento foram o Norte (2,9p.p.), Centro-oeste (2,1p.p.) e Nordeste (2,0p.p.). Destaque-se a tendência decrescente na disponibilidade (-3,3p.p.) e, também, nas diferenças absoluta e relativa negativas (-20p.p.; 0,68) verificadas no Rio de Janeiro. Identificou-se prevalência de disponibilidade de vacina baixa no Brasil, com disparidades entre as regiões, que ficam mais marcantes na avaliação das UFs.