bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Estratégia De Métodos Mistos Integrativos E Suas Aplicações Na Pesquisa Social Em Saúde: Promessas, Armadilhas E Realidades
Authors: Domínguez Aldira Guimarães Duarte , Leite David Francisco Vieira , Avila Carlos Federico Domínguez , Domínguez Ariel Ernesto Duarte , Silva Jean Carlos Custodio Da
Published: October 2024

O estudo examina a abordagem multimétodos, que integra métodos qualitativos e quantitativos na pesquisa científica para uma compreensão mais completa de fenômenos complexos. Essa combinação é vista como uma solução para as limitações do uso isolado de cada método, resultando em análises mais ricas e detalhadas. Embora discutida desde os anos 1980, a aplicação de multimétodos ainda é limitada em muitas áreas. Seu uso é especialmente relevante em campos como saúde, ciências sociais e psicologia, pois permite a triangulação de dados, aumentando a validade e confiabilidade dos resultados. A metodologia do estudo baseia-se em uma revisão teórica e crítica da aplicação de métodos mistos em pesquisas sociais em saúde, analisando publicações dos últimos 30 anos, coletadas em bases como PubMed, Scielo e Google Acadêmico. Foram incluídas obras que abordam tanto a teoria quanto a prática dos métodos mistos. A análise seguiu uma abordagem de síntese qualitativa e quantitativa, abrangendo etapas de revisão exploratória, codificação temática e análise comparativa. Os resultados mostram que a integração de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos oferece uma visão mais completa e confiável dos fenômenos estudados. A pesquisa qualitativa permite uma análise aprofundada de experiências e perspectivas, enquanto a quantitativa oferece medição e análise estatística de variáveis. O artigo identifica quatro modelos de aplicação de multimétodos: triangulação, modelo de duas etapas, enfoque dominante e modelo misto integrativo. Entre as fortalezas dessa abordagem, estão a visão completa do problema e o pragmatismo científico, enquanto as fragilidades incluem o alto custo, dificuldade de integração de técnicas e diferenças culturais entre pesquisadores. Conclui-se que a abordagem multimétodos é essencial para compreender fenômenos complexos nas ciências sociais e áreas afins. Sua aplicação, no entanto, exige planejamento, conhecimento técnico e trabalho multidisciplinar, além de atenção aos princípios éticos. A adoção de multimétodos é vista como uma forma de gerar resultados mais inovadores e transformadores na pesquisa contemporânea.
Empowering Economies: The Rise Of Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Chakrabarty Biswajit
Published: October 2024

The rise of women entrepreneurs is significantly transforming global economies, contributing to job creation, innovation, and sustainable development. This paper explores the growing impact of women in entrepreneurship, analyzing both the opportunities and the challenges they face. With increased access to education, technological advancements, and supportive policies, women entrepreneurs are driving economic progress. However, barriers such as access to finance, cultural expectations, and limited networking opportunities still persist. This paper highlights the importance of addressing these challenges and promoting strategies to empower women entrepreneurs, emphasizing their crucial role in fostering inclusive economic growth.
Assessing The Challenges Affecting Quality and Effective Planning and Management of Primary Healthcare Services in Health Facilities in The Bono Region of Ghana
Authors: Nasage Dr. Nestor Naabulee , Donkoh Dr. Kwasi Addai- , Yeboah Paul , Yonye Seidu
Published: October 2024

Background: The quality of the medical care given determines the health of a community. Challenges in the efficient administration and delivery of healthcare affect the health of the community. Assessing the challenges of efficient and quality healthcare planning and management and ways of addressing these challenges at Catholic Health facilities in the Bono Region, Ghana, is the aim of this study. Materials and Methods: A mixed methodology was employed in the study, using both quantitative and qualitative data. The information was gathered via a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. This investigation employed the nested case study design approach. A select number of Catholic Health facilities in the Bono Region were used for the study. There were 331 individuals from the facilities in the sample. Data analysis, both descriptive and inferential, was performed on the respondents' information. Results: The findings revealed poor health workers' communication and high staff attrition rates as health worker-based challenges respondents’ face. Lack of community ownership of the facility projects and late reporting of cases by the community members to the facility were also found to be community-based challenges respondents faced. The findings finally revealed that addressing the issues of community lack of ownership of facility programs, community entry and engagement, and medicine availability, strongly and positively correlated with improvement in health service planning and delivery. Inadequate or non-availability of CHOS/CHNs at posts when needed, lack of staff accommodation, disrespect for clients, and poor motivation for staff were challenges the study concluded on. Conclusion: It is concluded that health service planning and delivery is improved through; equitable distribution of human resources for health, patient management, customer service, and conflict resolution and management skills in healthcare facilities. It’s recommended that Diocesan Health Service should capitalize on the flagship programme on the application of the Network of Practice Concept rolled out by the Ghana Health Service to utilize resources to provide high-quality healthcare.
Shaping Leaders, Shaping Habits: Leadership Styles And Their Effect On Habit Formation In Employees
Authors: Korrakuti Aksharaa
Published: October 2024

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A Theoretical Framework To Analyze The EffectsAndCharacteristics That Determine An Sme With Peter Pan Syndrome
Authors: Nascimento Edson Queiroz , Nascimento Schleiden Pinheiro , Silva Emmanuel Marques , Araújo Maurilio Arruda De , Neto Prof. Dr. Alfredo Sarlo
Published: October 2024

The article critically analyzes the literature on the Peter Pan Syndrome (PPS) in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), highlighting the lack of a well-defined conceptual framework and the confusion between PPS and Opportunistic Tax Behavior (OTB). It proposes that practices such as creating multiple companies to avoid taxes should be classified as OTB, not PPS. The study emphasizes the need for more empirical research to develop a solid conceptual structure for SMEs affected by PPS, especially in Brazil. The research suggests using models like linear regression and structural equation modeling to validate theories and enhance understanding. The article aims to contribute to academia and industry by expanding the theoretical frameworks linking PPS to growth, mortality, and operational performance of SMEs. It concludes that the study is pioneering and seeks to promote international dialogue and empirical investigation on the effects of PPS on SMEs globally
Extending Bakelite Mold Lifespan: A Hybrid Metal Manufacturing Application
Authors: Feriotti Marco Aurélio , Almeida Júlia Fornaziero De , Formigoni Alexandre , Coelho Reginaldo Teixeira , Ribeiro Rosinei Batista
Published: October 2024

Background: The injection molding industry faces challenges with Bakelite thermosetting materials due to their rigidity and strength, which quickly wears out molds, generate excessive burrs, and require costly maintenance. This study aimed to enhance mold performance through the evaluation of Hybrid Metal Manufacturing (HMM) and its comparison with traditional systems Materials and Methods: This study proposes using Hybrid Metal Manufacturing (HMM) to enhance the wear resistance of Bakelite molds. HMM integrates Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM) with conventional machining, enabling more efficient and complex production. The research, which is exploratory and qualitativequantitative, employed the Design Science Research (DSR) method to develop the artifact and used Focus Group (FG) evaluations to assess the solutions. DED of M2 steel was performed in the cavity of the AISI H13 steel mold and subjected to a total of 40,000 production cycles for further analysis. Results: The mechanical properties, hardness, and wear resistance of the molds were analyzed after the tests. Conclusion: The results aimed to improve future mold designs. HMM the potential to innovate the injection molding industry by increasing mold durability, reducing maintenance costs and ensuring the quality of injected parts.
Business Management And The Applicability Of The 7P's As A Marketing Tool In Organizations
Authors: Lima Lucas Alves De Oliveira , Junior Paulo Lourenço Domingues , Silva Robson Tavares Da
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research was to analyse the applicability of the 7P's as a marketing tool in organizations. Using a bibliographical research methodology, the elements of the marketing mix - product, price, place, promotion, people, processes and physical evidence - and their interactions were examined. The results revealed that each component contributes to generating a value proposition that satisfies the customer. With regard to the product, the importance of aligning the characteristics and benefits offered with the needs and preferences of the target market was noted, ensuring that the perceived value corresponds to consumer expectations. With regard to price, it was found that pricing strategies must take into account not only costs and market conditions, but also the value perceived by the customer, balancing competitiveness and profitability. The research also looked at the market, highlighting the importance of choosing distribution channels and logistics for product availability and accessibility, factors that directly impact the customer experience and the company's competitiveness. Analysing promotion revealed the need for integrated and cohesive communication, using a variety of promotional strategies to reach and engage the target audience. With regard to the people element, the importance of human interaction in the perception of service and customer satisfaction is emphasised, indicating that investment in employee training and development is essential to guarantee quality service and a positive company image. With regard to processes, the research showed that the management of internal processes is fundamental to the delivery of products and services, contributing to efficient operation and competitive advantage. Finally, with regard to physical evidence, it was possible to observe that tangible elements and the physical environment associated with services influence customer perception and satisfaction, requiring attention to the aesthetic and functional details of the organization. In conclusion, the research highlighted that the integration and coordinated management of all the elements of the marketing mix are essential to strengthen the company's position in the market and guarantee a sustainable competitive advantage, emphasising the importance of a holistic and well-structured approach
L’appréciation Des Marques De Pagnes Offerts Par La Maison Palos Par La Population De La Ville De Butembo
Authors: Valentin Kambale Maliro , Rachel Kavira Muhasa , Flavien Kambale Mikosa , Malekani Et Kambale
Published: October 2024

Cette étude portant sur « l’appréciation des marques de pagnes offerts par la MAISON PALOS par la population de la ville de Butembo» a eu pour objectif d’identifier les éléments d’appréciation des produits par les clients afin d’apporter notre contribution à tous nos lecteurs et de fournir une littérature particulière sur le marketing de ventes au sein de la société sous examen. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons voulu connaitre la part de marché des pagnes vendus par la MAISON PALOS, en termes de notoriété, dans l’espace concurrentiel de des marques des pagnes vendus en Ville de Butembo et les facteurs d’influence pour l’appréciation des marques de pagnes offerts à la population de cette ville. Au cours de nos investigations, nous avons abouti aux résultats selon lesquels la marque des pagnes vendus par la MAISON PALOS occupe une place importante et est aussi préférée que d’autres marques des pagnes vendus en Ville de Butembo ; ensuite la qualité de la marque, légèreté, le prix et la résistance à l’usure sont les principaux facteurs qui influencent les clients à acheter les pagnes et ces derniers seraient vraiment satisfaits par l’utilisation de cette marque de pagnes et enfin, il a été clair que les consommateurs sont vraiment satisfaits par l’utilisation de la marque des pagnes vendus par la MAISON PALOS
The Effect Of Top Management's Role In Training On Employee Performance: A Study On Select Pses In India
Authors: R Bhavana Rishi , Naidu Prof. Murru Mutyalu , Devi Dr. P. Uma Maheswari
Published: October 2024

According to Myers and Newman (2017), training is crucial for improving worker performance. Existing literature suggests that training and development are two of the ten human resource management (HRM) measures that effectively address detrimental deviant behavior among public sector staff. The training and development framework (T&D) facilitates the enhancement of employee expertise, understanding, and proficiency. Training encompasses a collection of abilities and practical, technical, and personal proficiencies that empower an individual to achieve exceptional levels of performance that are above the norm (Sakarneh, 2020). The work environment, training and development, and senior management all have an important impact on organizational performance. A research study has examined senior management's influence on the training process, its evaluation, and its effect on the performance of 606 employees working in Indian public sector firms. The findings suggest that the active participation of top management in training and evaluation is crucial for enhancing employee performance. This article attempts to present them.
Influência Das Capacidades Dinâmicas Produtivas E Do Comportamento Estratégico No Desempenho Organizacional: UmaPesquisa Nas Microcervejarias Artesanais
Authors: Drago Henrique Faverzani , Moura Gilnei Luiz De , Rodrigues Glauco Oliveira , Lopes Luis Felipe Dias , Silva Vinicius Radetzke Da , Figueiredo Ary Sá De
Published: October 2024

O estudo investiga a importância da capacidade dinâmica produtiva e da análise do ambiente estratégico para o desempenho das agroindústrias, com foco nas microcervejarias artesanais do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, utilizou entrevistas em profundidade e análise de conteúdo para explorar como essas empresasse adaptam e prosperam em um mercado competitivo, especialmente diante dos desafios impostos pela pandemia de Covid-19. Durante a crise sanitária, as microcervejarias adotaram estratégias inovadoras como vendas online, delivery, e envase em PET para superar obstáculos como queda nas vendas, dificuldades de abastecimento e aumento dos custos de produção. O estudo também destaca o crescimento do mercado de cervejas artesanais no Brasil, apesar da concorrência com grandes cervejarias e desafios como tributação igualitária e concorrência desleal. A pesquisa sugere que investimentos em capacidade produtiva e estratégias adaptativas são cruciais para o desempenho organizacional e resiliência das microcervejarias, apontando para a necessidade de mais estudos comparativos e análises sobre incentivos fiscais no setor
Impact Of Intellectual Capital Components And Firm Characteristics On Corporate Performance: A Case Of It Based Listed Companies In India
Authors: Pyne Anandi Sarkar , Goswami Dr. Mitra
Published: October 2024

Intellectual Capital (IC) is a significant strategic asset for gaining competitive advantage, investor confidence and strong performance of a corporate entity. Already prior research has established that IC increases corporate performance. Further, an empirical investigation is conducted upon the effect of its components upon corporate performance of 37 listed IT companies in India for fifteen years from 2008 to 2023 using multiple regression analysis. The endogenous variables of the study are firm size, leverage, human capital, structural capital and capital employed, and corporate performance is the dependent variable, measured using profitability position of the firm. The investigation revealed that though entities invest more fund in human capital but capital employed exerts stronger positive influence over the performance. However, both capital employed and human capital creates a positive influence on profitability. Firm size and leverage, both as the endogenous variable significantly established relationship with profitability of the entity. Further, the study revealed that leverage negatively but significantly influences corporate performance.
Empreender Sem Medo: Reflexões Sobre Empreeendedorismo E Violência Doméstica A Partir De Uma Revisão De Literatura
Authors: Machado Louise Alves , Bijos Leila Bijos
Published: October 2024

Este estudo, derivado de uma pesquisa de mestrado em andamento, parte de uma revisão sistemática de literatura no Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) para abordar a interseção entre violência doméstica e empreendedorismo. Compreende-se que esses temas nem sempre são observados pelos setores públicos e/ou privados no contexto administrativo, sendo que o perfil empreendedor pode ser uma válvula de escape para mulheres em situação de risco de violência doméstica, portanto, neste estudo, são consideradas e exploradas como duas áreas que se conectam e influenciam mutuamente. Em um universo de 4.249 documentos em português, a pesquisa bibliográfica se pautou por descritivos e etapas que pudessem depurar os textos mais relevantes para a intersecção entre as áreas supracitadas, sem desconsiderar suas dinâmicas, consequências e possíveis relações entre as formas de ingresso, manutenção e permanência desse grupo social no campo empreendedor. A análise foca em identificar, compreender e sintetizar os principais achados dos artigos selecionados, contribuindo assim para uma compreensão mais aprofundada sobre como a violência doméstica pode afetar a capacidade empreendedora dos indivíduos, além de apontar para possíveis caminhos de superação dessa problemática a partir da difusão do empreendedorismo. Este estudo busca preencher lacunas de conhecimento nesse campo, oferecendo contribuições para políticas públicas, programas de apoio a empreendedorismo de gênero e estratégias de inclusão social junto a vítimas de violência doméstica, visando seu empoderamento econômico e pessoal
Gestão Em Saúde E O Uso De Metodologias Ativas Na Atenção Primária À Saúde (APS)
Authors: Lázaro Robson Dos Santos , Furtado Síssi Adriane Sá , Serafim Andreia Regia De Matos Rodrigues , Nogueira Leandro André Rodrigues , Bezerra Aline Patrícia Dos Santos
Published: October 2024

A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a gestão em saúde e a utilização de metodologias ativas na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Utilizou uma metodologia bibliográfica, revisando literatura em plataformas acadêmicas como SciELO e Scopus, para mapear práticas atuais e lacunas no conhecimento. Os resultados evidenciam que as metodologias ativas, como aprendizagem baseada em problemas e simulações, promovem a capacitação dos profissionais e o empoderamento dos usuários, resultando em um atendimento mais humanizado e centrado no paciente. A análise crítica apontou que essas abordagens favorecem a integração do cuidado e a participação da comunidade, além de estimular a inovação nas soluções de saúde. A conclusão reafirma que a combinação de uma gestão eficaz e metodologias ativas é essencial para enfrentar os desafios do sistema de saúde, melhorando a qualidade do atendimento e transformando a experiência de cuidado em um processo colaborativo e participativo.
Alterações Vasculares Ou Trombose Venosa Profunda Em Pacientes Com Covid 19
Authors: Neves Osmar Max Gonçalves , Aragão José Aderval , Araújo Adriano Antunes De Souza , Nunes Paula Santos , Reis Francisco Prado
Published: October 2024

As alterações vasculares, incluindo a trombose venosa profunda (TVP), têm sido identificadas como complicações frequentes em pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19, uma doença causada pelo coronavírus SARSCoV-2. Estudos recentes sugerem que a infecção pelo vírus provoca uma resposta inflamatória exacerbada, gerando danos no endotélio vascular e promovendo estados pró-trombóticos em diversos sistemas corporais. Essa disfunção endotelial contribui significativamente para o desenvolvimento de complicações tromboembólicas, agravando o prognóstico dos pacientes hospitalizados. Além disso, a hipoxemia, frequentemente associada à COVID-19, também intensifica o risco de trombose. A presente revisão busca explorar a relação entre a COVID-19 e a ocorrência de trombose venosa profunda, abordando os principais mecanismos patológicos envolvidos, assim como as estratégias terapêuticas para manejo dessas complicações. Estudos de metanálise foram conduzidos para sintetizar dados de diferentes populações, proporcionando uma visão abrangente do impacto vascular da COVID-19. As estratégias preventivas e os protocolos de tratamento são discutidos à luz dos achados mais recentes, buscando oferecer um panorama atualizado e relevante para o enfrentamento dessas complicações graves.
Combining clinical and biofluid markers for early Parkinson's disease detection
Authors: Yu Zhenwei , Stewart Tessandra , Aasly Jan , Shi Min , Zhang Jing
Published: December 2017

Accurate early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is essential. Using data available from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative study, we identified a multivariate logistic regression model including cerebrospinal fluid α‐synuclein, olfactory function, age, and gender that achieved a high degree of discrimination between patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy control or scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit participants. Additionally, the model could predict the conversion of scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit to Parkinson's disease, as well as discriminate between normal and impaired subjects with leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 mutations. Although further validation is needed, this model may serve as an alternative method to neuroimaging screening in Parkinson's disease studies.
Recent Progress in MOF‐Derived, Heteroatom‐Doped Porous Carbons as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Fuel Cells
Authors: Yang Liu , Zeng Xiaofei , Wang Wenchuan , Cao Dapeng
Published: December 2017

Currently, developing nonprecious‐metal catalysts to replace Pt‐based electrocatalysts in fuel cells has become a hot topic because the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells often requires platinum, a precious metal, as a catalyst, which is one of the major hurdles for commercialization of the fuel cells. Recently, the newly emerging metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely used as self‐sacrificed precursors/templates to fabricate heteroatom‐doped porous carbons. Here, the recent progress of MOF‐derived, heteroatom‐doped porous carbon catalysts for ORR in fuel cells is systematically reviewed, and the synthesis strategies for using different MOF precursors to prepare heteroatom‐doped porous carbon catalysts, including the direct carbonization of MOFs, MOF and heteroatom source mixture carbonization, and MOF‐based composite carbonization are summarized. The emphasis is placed on the precursor design of MOF‐derived metal‐free catalysts and transition‐metal‐doped carbon catalysts because the MOF precursors often determine the microstructures of the derived porous carbon catalysts. The discussion provides a useful strategy for in situ synthesis of heteroatom‐doped carbon ORR electrocatalysts by rationally designing MOF precursors. Due to the versatility of MOF structures, MOF‐derived porous carbons not only provide chances to develop highly efficient ORR electrocatalysts, but also broaden the family of nanoporous carbons for applications in supercapacitors and batteries.
Multifaceted Implantable Anticancer Device for Potential Postsurgical Breast Cancer Treatment: A Single Platform for Synergistic Inhibition of Local Regional Breast Cancer Recurrence, Surveillance, and Healthy Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Sasikala Arathyram Ramachandra Kurup , Unnithan Afeesh Rajan , Thomas Reju George , Ko Sung Won , Jeong Yong Yeon , Park Chan Hee , Kim Cheol Sang
Published: December 2017

An implantable anticancer device (IAD) amenable to eradicate local regional recurrence (LRR) of breast cancer as well as to enhance the breast reconstruction during/after therapy is proposed for the first time. The IAD is fabricated by incorporating the superparamagnetic graphene oxide doxorubicin nanocomposite of size ≈200 nm in a nanofiber matrix to enable the sustained and tumor specific anticancer drug release over 60 d in vitro with a minimum initial burst release and the repeated hyperthermic capability in an alternating magnetic field to ensure the synergistic inhibition of LRR. The IAD also enriches the reconstruction of poor breast cosmesis that resulted from the surgical treatment by supporting the lipofilling of the surgical residual cavity to induce the adipogenic process. Moreover, the noninvasive monitoring capability of IAD through magnetic resonance imaging augments to the effective patient care. Thus, this work reports a new and reliable concept by introducing the multifunctional IAD possessing enhanced specificity with a real‐time monitoring capability and long‐term anticancer efficacy as a potential platform for synergistic inhibition of LRR and a great promise for the in situ breast reconstruction ability for better breast cosmesis.
Anatase (101) Reconstructed Surface with Novel Functionalities: Desired Bandgap for Visible Light Absorption and High Chemical Reactivity
Authors: Zhou Rulong , Qu Bingyan , Li Dongdong , Sun Xiaorui , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: December 2017

Unreconstructed surfaces of anatase TiO2 are known to have two main limitations for their application as photocatalysts, namely, low efficiency for sun‐light absorption due to the wide bandgap, and low chemical reactivity. Strategies to overcoming the two limitations and to enhancing TiO2's photocatalytic efficiency have been highly sought. To this end, a global search of anatase reconstructed surfaces is performed based on the evolutionary method. It is found that the newly predicted anatase (101) reconstructed surface possesses a desired bandgap whose value is within the energy domain of visible light as well as notably high chemical reactivity compared to the unreconstructed anatase (101) surface. In particular, it is predicted that under Ti‐richness condition, the anatase (101) reconstructed surface is energetically very stable. The anatase (101) reconstructed surface exhibits similar topmost surface structure as the unreconstructed anatase (101) surface but different subsurface structure. Not only the fivefold coordinated Ti atoms (Ti5c) in the topmost surface layer but also the sixfold coordinated Ti atoms in the subsurface layer contribute to the desirable gap states. The high chemical reactivity of anatase (101) reconstructed surface can be attributed to the extra electrons drawn by the surface Ti5c atoms and subsurface Ti6c atoms.
Growth and Luminescence of Polytypic InP on Epitaxial Graphene
Authors: Mukherjee Samik , Nateghi Nima , Jacobberger Robert M. , Bouthillier Etienne , de la Mata Maria , Arbiol Jordi , Coenen Toon , Cardinal Dhan , Levesque Pierre , Desjardins Patrick , Martel Richard , Arnold Micheal S. , Moutanabbir Oussama
Published: December 2017

Van der Waals epitaxy is an attractive alternative to direct heteroepitaxy where the forced coherency at the interface cannot sustain large differences in lattice parameters and thermal expansion coefficients between the substrate and the epilayer. Herein, the growth of monocrystalline InP on Ge and SiO2/Si substrates using graphene as an interfacial layer is demonstrated. Micrometer‐sized InP crystals are found to grow with interfaces of high crystalline quality and with different degrees of coalescence depending on the growth conditions. Some InP crystals exhibit a polytypic structure, consisting of alternating zinc‐blende and wurtzite phases, forming a type‐II homojunction with well (barrier) width of about 10 nm. The optical properties, investigated using room temperature nano‐cathodoluminescence, indicate the signatures of the direct optical transitions at 1.34 eV across the gap of the zinc‐blende phase and the indirect transitions at ≈1.31 eV originating from the alternating zinc‐blende and wurtzite phases. Additionally, the InP nanorods, found growing mainly on the graphene/SiO2/Si substrate, show optical transition across the gap of the wurtzite phase at ≈1.42 eV. This demonstration of InP growth on graphene and the correlative study between the structure and optical properties pave the way to develop hybrid structures for potential applications in integrated photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Boosting the Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells with CsBr‐Modified Mesoporous TiO2 Beads as Electron‐Selective Contact
Authors: Seo Ji‐Youn , Uchida Ryusuke , Kim Hui‐Seon , Saygili Yasemin , Luo Jingshan , Moore Chris , Kerrod Julie , Wagstaff Anthony , Eklund Mike , McIntyre Robert , Pellet Norman , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Hagfeldt Anders , Grätzel Michael
Published: December 2017

Rapid extraction of photogenerated charge carriers is essential to achieve high efficiencies with perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a new mesoscopic architecture as electron‐selective contact for PSCs featuring 40 nm sized TiO2 beads endowed with mesopores of a few nanometer diameters is introduced. The bimodal pore distribution inherent to these films produces a very large contact area of 200 m2 g−1 whose access by the perovskite light absorber is facilitated by the interstitial voids between the particles. Modification of the TiO2 surface by CsBr further strengthens its interaction with the perovskite. As a result, photogenerated electrons are extracted rapidly producing a very high fill factor of close to 80% a VOC of 1.14 V and a PCE up to 21% with negligible hysteresis.
Hydrophilicity of Graphene in Water through Transparency to Polar and Dispersive Interactions
Authors: Belyaeva Liubov A. , van Deursen Pauline M. G. , Barbetsea Kassandra I. , Schneider Grégory F.
Published: December 2017

Establishing contact angles on graphene‐on‐water has been a long‐standing challenge as droplet deposition causes free‐floating graphene to rupture. The current work presents ice and hydrogels as substrates mimicking water while offering a stable support for graphene. The lowest water contact angles on graphene ever measured, namely on graphene‐on‐ice and graphene‐on‐hydrogel, are recorded. The contact angle measurements of liquids with a range of polarities allow the transparency of graphene toward polar and dispersive interactions to be quantified demonstrating that graphene in water is hydrophilic. These findings are anticipated to shed light on the inconsistencies reported so far on the wetting properties of graphene, and most particularly on their implications toward rationalizing how molecules interact with graphene in water.
Mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties of wheat straw/bagasse‐reinforced epoxy blended composites
Authors: Mittal Varun , Sinha Shishir
Published: December 2017

This study is to investigate the mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties of wheat straw and bagasse fiber‐reinforced epoxy blended composites. To enhance these properties, wheat straw fiber was blended with bagasse fiber. The wheat straw and bagasse fibers were prepared with various weight ratios (80/20, 60/40, 40/60, and 20/80) and then incorporated into the epoxy matrix by molding technique to form composites. The mechanical, thermal, and water absorption characteristics were examined using blended composite samples. In this research, it has been observed that increases in the bagasse fiber content in wheat straw/epoxy composites result in superior the mechanical, thermal, and decreasing the moisture absorption property. A scanning electron microscope was used to observe the fracture surface of the samples.
Part I: Diastereoselective Reactions Involving β‐Mono‐ and β,β′‐Disubstituted Alkylidene Oxindoles: Pondering Alkene Geometry
Authors: Ganesh Madhu , Rao Madhuri P. , Mirajakar Shruti J.
Published: December 2017

Diastereoselective reactions supported by metals and nonmetals offer a multifaceted path for the synthesis of robust intermediates of value to academia and industry. The reactions that involve mono‐ and disubstituted electron‐rich and electron‐deficient olefins offer facile construction of stereogenic carbon centers. Recent advances in the development of methods and an understanding of the chemistry of oxindoles has led to approaches that provide high levels of facial control, regiocontrol and diastereoselectivity. Part I of this focus review is devoted to the chemistry of β‐monosubstituted alkylidene oxindoles. Herein, we discuss reports made over the last decade of diastereoselective reactions that involve oxindole‐containing trisubstituted alkenes, which lead to the generation of stereogenic centers and the formation carbocyclic and heterocyclic skeletons.
The effect of extreme weather events on hair cortisol and body weight in a wild ring‐tailed lemur population (Lemur catta) in southwestern Madagascar
Authors: Fardi Sara , Sauther Michelle. L. , Cuozzo Frank P. , Jacky Ibrahim A. Y. , Bernstein Robin M.
Published: December 2017

Madagascar is known for its hypervariable climate with periodic droughts and cyclones, but little is known of the impact of such events on lemur physiology. We examined the effects of sequential weather periods, drought, normal, cyclone and post‐cyclone, on hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) and body weight in wild ring‐tailed lemurs, Lemur catta (n = 185), at the Bezà Mahafaly Special Reserve in southwestern Madagascar. Data were modeled and analyzed by sex, age, and troop. Given the ecological consequences of extreme climatic perturbations, we hypothesized that drought and cyclone would significantly impact lemur HCC. Among adults, drought was associated with higher HCC than other periods and the lowest HCC was associated with the post‐cyclone period. Adult females had greater variation in HCC during drought and males had greater variation during cyclone and Post‐cyclone periods, suggesting sexes were differentially affected in terms of how individuals responded to extreme weather events. Low HCC in the post‐cyclone period followed a 12‐month period of reduced availability of primary and fallback food resources. Based on the known extreme and chronic nutritional stress during this time, our results indicate hypocortisolism in the animals included in our analysis. Higher HCC in sub‐adults during the cyclone also suggests that immature lemurs may experience extreme weather events differently than adults. Body weight, used as a gauge for environmental stress, was lowest during the post‐cyclone for sub‐adults, young adults, and adults. Body weight did not differ by sex among adults across any of the weather events. Overall, ring‐tailed lemur's HCC appear to be more immediately impacted by drought, or stressors associated with that specific weather event, and influenced by the long‐term impact of cyclones on resource availability evidenced by data from the post‐cyclone period.
The influence of age on wild rhesus macaques' affiliative social interactions
Authors: Liao Zhijie , Sosa Sebastian , Wu Chengfeng , Zhang Peng
Published: December 2017

The social relationships that individuals experience at different life stages have a non‐negligible influence on their lives, and this is particularly true for group living animals. The long lifespan of many primates makes it likely that these animals have various tactics of social interaction to adapt to complex changes in environmental or physical conditions. The different strategies used in social interaction by individuals at different life stages, and whether the position (central or peripheral) or role (initiator or recipient) of an individual in the group social network changes with age, are intriguing questions that remain to be investigated. We used social network analysis to examine age‐related differences in social interaction patterns, social roles, and social positions in three affiliative social networks (approach, allogrooming, and social play) in a group of wild rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Our results showed that social interaction patterns of rhesus macaques differ between age classes in the following ways: i) young individuals tend to allocate social time to a high number of groupmates, older individuals prefer to focus on fewer, specific partners; ii) as they grow older, individuals tend to be recipients in approach interactions and initiators in grooming interactions; and iii) regardless of the different social interaction strategies, individuals of all ages occupy a central position in the group. These results reveal a possible key role played by immature individuals in group social communication, a little‐explored issue which deserves closer investigation in future research.
Temperature‐Selective Dual Radical Generation from Alkyl Diiodide: Applications to Synthesis of Asymmetric CABC Multi‐Block Copolymers and Their Unique Assembly Structures
Authors: Zheng Jie , Wang Chen‐Gang , Yamaguchi Yu , Miyamoto Michihiko , Goto Atsushi
Published: December 2017

Temperature‐selective radical generation from a newly designed alkyl diiodide (I−R2−R1−I) was studied. R1−I and I−R2 had different reactivities for generating alkyl radicals in the presence of a tetraoctylammonium iodide (ONI) catalyst. Taking advantage of the temperature selectivity, we used the alkyl diiodide as a dual initiator in ONI‐catalyzed living radical polymerization to uniquely synthesize CABC non‐symmetric multi‐block copolymers. Because of their non‐symmetric structure, CABC multi‐block copolymers form unique assemblies, that is, Janus‐type particles with hetero‐segment coronas and flower‐like particles with hetero‐segment petals.
Using a Multi‐Shelled Hollow Metal–Organic Framework as a Host to Switch the Guest‐to‐Host and Guest‐to‐Guest Interactions
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Yuan , Zhang Furui , Goh Tian‐Wei , Li Yang , Shao Yu‐Cai , Luo Lianshun , Huang Wenyu , Long Yi‐Tao , Chou Lien‐Yang , Tsung Chia‐Kuang
Published: December 2017

A bio‐inspired design of using metal–organic framework (MOF) microcrystals with well‐defined multi‐shelled hollow structures was used as a matrix to host multiple guests including molecules and nanoparticles at separated locations to form a hierarchical material, mimicking biological structures. The interactions such as energy transfer (ET) between different guests are regulated by precisely fixing them in the MOF shells or encapsulating them in the cavities between the MOF shells. The proof‐of‐concept design is demonstrated by hosting chromophore molecules including rhodamine 6G (R6G) and 7‐amino‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)coumarin (C‐151), as well as metal nanoparticles (Pd NPs) into the multi‐shelled hollow zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8). We could selectively establish or diminish the guest‐to‐framework and guest‐to‐guest ET. This work provides a platform to construct complex multifunctional materials, especially those need precise separation control of multi‐components.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Imidazo‐Fused N‐Heteroaromatic Compounds through a C−N Bond‐Forming Radical Cascade
Authors: Hou Zhong‐Wei , Mao Zhong‐Yi , Melcamu Yared Yohannes , Lu Xin , Xu Hai‐Chao
Published: December 2017

We have developed a unified strategy for preparing a variety of imidazo‐fused N‐heteroaromatic compounds through regiospecific electrochemical (3+2) annulation reaction of heteroarylamines with tethered internal alkynes. The electrosynthesis employs a novel tetraarylhydrazine as the catalyst, has a broad substrate scope, and obviates the need for transition‐metal catalysts and oxidizing reagents.
Brønsted‐Säure‐katalysierte Carbonyl‐Olefin‐Metathese in einer selbstorganisierten supramolekularen Wirtstruktur
Authors: Catti Lorenzo , Tiefenbacher Konrad
Published: December 2017

Die Carbonyl‐Olefin‐Metathese ist eine leitsungsfähige, aber unterentwickelte Methode für die Ausbildung von Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐Bindungen. Bisher wurde kein Brønsted‐Säure‐basiertes Protokoll für die katalytische Carbonyl‐Olefin‐Metathese in der Literatur beschrieben. Wir präsentieren ein cokatalytisches System, das auf einer einfachen Brønsted‐Säure (HCl) und einer selbstassemblierenden supramolekularen Wirtstruktur basiert. Das entwickelte System schneidet im Vergleich mit dem derzeitigen Benchmark‐Katalysator für die Carbonyl‐Olefin‐Metathese hinsichtlich Substratbreite und Ausbeute gut ab. Die durchgeführten Kontrollversuche liefern sehr gute Hinweise, dass die Reaktion innerhalb der Kavität des supramolekularen Wirts abläuft. Eine mechanistische Studie deutet auf einen schrittweisen Reaktionsmechanismus hin.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioposition‐Selective Hydroarylation of Divinylphosphine Oxides with Aryl Boroxines
Authors: Wang Zhe , Hayashi Tamio
Published: December 2017

The rhodium‐catalyzed hydroarylation of divinylphosphine oxides (RP(O)(CH=CH2)2) with aryl boroxines ((ArBO)3) gives the corresponding monoarylation products (RP(O)(CH=CHAr)CH2CH3) in high yields. One of the two vinyl groups in the phosphine oxide undergoes oxidative arylation while the other one is reduced to an ethyl moiety. These reactions proceed with high selectivity in terms of the enantiotopic vinyl groups in the presence of (R)‐DTBM‐segphos/Rh to give the P‐stereogenic monoarylation products with high enantioselectivity.
Vacancy‐Controlled Na+ Superion Conduction in Na11Sn2PS12
Authors: Duchardt Marc , Ruschewitz Uwe , Adams Stefan , Dehnen Stefanie , Roling Bernhard
Published: December 2017

Highly conductive solid electrolytes are crucial to the development of efficient all‐solid‐state batteries. Meanwhile, the ion conductivities of lithium solid electrolytes match those of liquid electrolytes used in commercial Li+ ion batteries. However, concerns about the future availability and the price of lithium made Na+ ion conductors come into the spotlight in recent years. Here we present the superionic conductor Na11Sn2PS12, which possesses a room temperature Na+ conductivity close to 4 mS cm−1, thus the highest value known to date for sulfide‐based solids. Structure determination based on synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction data proves the existence of Na+ vacancies. As confirmed by bond valence site energy calculations, the vacancies interconnect ion migration pathways in a 3D manner, hence enabling high Na+ conductivity. The results indicate that sodium electrolytes are about to equal the performance of their lithium counterparts.
Folding DNA into a Lipid‐Conjugated Nanobarrel for Controlled Reconstitution of Membrane Proteins
Authors: Dong Yuanchen , Chen Shuobing , Zhang Shijian , Sodroski Joseph , Yang Zhongqiang , Liu Dongsheng , Mao Youdong
Published: December 2017

Building upon DNA origami technology, we introduce a method to reconstitute a single membrane protein into a self‐assembled DNA nanobarrel that scaffolds a nanodisc‐like lipid environment. Compared with the membrane‐scaffolding‐protein nanodisc technique, our approach gives rise to defined stoichiometry, controlled sizes, as well as enhanced stability and homogeneity in membrane protein reconstitution. We further demonstrate potential applications of the DNA nanobarrels in the structural analysis of membrane proteins.
Photoinduced Rearrangement of Dienones and Santonin Rerouted by Amines
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Ratnikov Maxim , Spraggon Glen , Alper Phil B.
Published: December 2017

The photoinduced rearrangement pathways of simple 2,5‐dienones and the natural product santonin were found to be effectively rerouted by amines, giving rise to unprecedented products. Either cis olefins or cyclobutenes were obtained from 4,4‐disubstituted 2,5‐dienone upon irradiation (365 nm) in the presence of various amines depending on the solvent. Previously undescribed [4.4.0] and [5.3.0] fused‐ring‐containing products were obtained when santonin was irradiated (365 nm) in the presence of methylamine. The amines present in these reactions were incorporated into the products by means of amide‐group formation.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes as Reactive Oxygen Species‐Responsive Materials: Application to the Two‐Photon Imaging of Hypochlorous Acid in Living Cells and Tissues
Authors: Pak Yen Leng , Park Sang Jun , Wu Di , Cheon BoHyun , Kim Hwan Myung , Bouffard Jean , Yoon Juyoung
Published: December 2017

N‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) boranes undergo oxidative hydrolysis to give imidazolium salts with excellent kinetic selectivity for HOCl over other reactive oxygen species (ROS), including peroxides and peroxynitrite. Selectivity for HOCl results from the electrophilic oxidation mechanism of NHC boranes, which stands in contrast to the nucleophilic oxidation mechanism of arylboronic acids with ROS. The change in polarity that accompanies the conversion of NHC boranes to imidazolium salts can control the formation of emissive excimers, forming the basis for the design of the first fluorescence probe for ROS based on the oxidation of B−H bonds. Two‐photon microscope (TPM) ratiometric imaging of HOCl in living cells and tissues is demonstrated.
A BN Aromatic Ring Strategy for Tunable Hydroxy Content in Polystyrene
Authors: van de Wouw Heidi L. , Lee Jae Young , Awuyah Elorm C. , Klausen Rebekka S.
Published: December 2017

BN 2‐vinylnaphthalene, a BN aromatic vinyl monomer, is copolymerized with styrene under free radical conditions. Oxidation yields styrene–vinyl alcohol (SVA) statistical copolymers with tunable hydroxy group content. Comprehensive spectroscopic investigation provides proof of structure. Physical properties that vary systematically with hydroxy content include solubility and glass transition temperature. BN aromatic polymers represent a platform for the preparation of diverse functional polymeric architectures via the remarkable reaction chemistry of C−B bonds.
Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Carbonyl‐Olefin Metathesis inside a Self‐Assembled Supramolecular Host
Authors: Catti Lorenzo , Tiefenbacher Konrad
Published: December 2017

Carbonyl–olefin metathesis represents a powerful yet underdeveloped method for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds. So far, no Brønsted acid based method for the catalytic carbonyl–olefin metathesis has been described. Herein, a cocatalytic system based on a simple Brønsted acid (HCl) and a self‐assembled supramolecular host is presented. The developed system compares well with the current benchmark catalyst for carbonyl–olefin metathesis in terms of substrate scope and yield of isolated product. Control experiments provide strong evidence that the reaction proceeds inside the cavity of the supramolecular host. A mechanistic probe indicates that a stepwise reaction mechanism is likely.