bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 a health reform catalyst? —Analyzing single-payer options in the U.S.: Considering economic values, recent proposals, and existing models from abroad
Authors: Parnell Alan , Goniewicz Krzysztof , Khorram-Manesh Amir , Burkle Fredrick M. , Al-Wathinani Ahmed , Hertelendy Attila J.
Published: August 2020

The United States has continued to face severe health coverage and spending challenges that have been attributed to a fragmented multi-payer and fee-for-service delivery system which has become even more exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Legislators and healthcare professionals have tried to answer the challenges faced by the U.S. health system through the introduction of several state and federal proposals for a “Medicare-for-all” like system, which have failed to be adopted likely due to the lack of consideration for free-market economic values. Looking to existing models abroad can provide the U.S. with different ways to understand how to achieve the benefits of single-payer models with universal coverage while maintaining the integrity of free-market values. The health systems in wealthy, industrialized countries are closely referenced in this article because of the variation of methods in which each achieves a single-payer/universal coverage model as well as the contrast in their health outcomes compared to that of the U.S. The biggest considerations for any reform effort to achieve an efficient single-payer system with universal coverage is the maintenance of private health insurers and the degree to which expanded government influence would be accepted. The future state of health care remains uncertain and unstable as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore a window of opportunity exists now for leveraging this uncertainty to achieve reform.
Technical Inefficiency of District Hospitals in Côte d'Ivoire: Measurement, Causes and Consequences
Authors: Tiehi Tito N.
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study is to estimate the level of inefficiency and to identify the causes and consequences of Cote d’Ivoire public hospitals inefficiency. To that effect, we are using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the double Bootstrap procedures to analyze the data. The analysis of data from the Ministry of Health in Cote d’Ivoire reveals that districts’ hospitals are not technically efficient. This situation has a negative impact on hospital output in the country. Thus, the health system is impacted by the inefficiency of districts’ hospitals in accommodating the demand of health care. That technical inefficiency remains dependent on environmental factors that constitute an impediment for some of the levers ((ratio of doctors per capita, malnutrition, average length of stay, geographical access, and correlation Tuberculosis / HIV) and others (number of doctors in medical staff) able to increase hospitals technical efficiency. The outcomes of this study reveal two main stakes: firstly, the need for improvement of hospitals productive efficiency and secondly, the need for a better planning and utilization of the resources allocated to the health sector. Providing adequate responses to these concerns is extremely important for the country’s ambition to establish a universal health insurance system and improve the quality of health care services.
Dobór ochrony oczu i twarzy w pracy spawacza
Authors: Owczarek Grzegorz , Szkudlarek Joanna
Published: August 2020

W artykule omówiono ogólną zasadę doboru środków ochrony indywidualnej chroniących oczy i twarz, a także doboru tych ochron w kontekście prac spawalniczych. W odniesieniu do opisanych przykładów przedstawiono zestawienia zagrożeń występujących na stanowisku pracy spawacza, charakterystyki oraz rodzaje stosowanych w tych warunkach ochron oczu i twarzy. Artykuł ma również pomóc czytelnikowi w interpretowaniu treści norm, w których znaleźć można wytyczne do doboru ochron oczu i twarzy.
Postępowanie z odpadami medycznymi
Authors: Gołofit Małgorzata , Górny Rafał
Published: August 2020

Podstawą właściwego zarządzania gospodarką odpadami medycznymi (zwłaszcza w miejscu pracy), jest ich odpowiednia segregacja oraz unieszkodliwianie. Szacuje się, że w Polsce odpady medyczne wytwarzane są przez ok. 40 tys. podmiotów gospodarczych. W artykule podano obecnie obowiązującą klasyfikację odpadów medycznych, opisano źródła ich powstawania, a także sposoby ich gromadzenia oraz magazynowania. Przybliżono również czytelnikom wiedzę na temat postępowania z odpadami medycznymi w świetle obowiązujących przepisów prawa, uwzględniając m.in. ich transport oraz unieszkodliwianie.
Investigation of Relationship Between Levels of Self-Efficacy and Self-Care in Middle School Adolescents in Turkey
Authors: Coşkun Adnan Batuhan , Yiğit Rana
Published: August 2020

: In this research it is aimed to investigate the relationship between the self-efficacy and self-care levels in adolescents which are aged between 11 - 15 years old. For this purpose, the socio-demographic characteristics of the students are utilized including, age, grade, gender, longest residence, family type, current residence location, family structure, academic success status, income-outcome balance, chronic diseases, education level of mother, education level of father, mother profession, father profession of students. Accordingly, the most known scales namely general self-efficacy scale and self-care agency scale were considered to investigate related characteristics of adolescents from Mersin Province of Turkey. It is implied from results that there is a significant relationship between the self-efficacy scale scores with the academic success status, family type and family structure characteristics of these adolescents. As well, there existed a significant relationship between the mean scores of the self-care scale with the age, grade, education level of their mothers, economic status of their families, academic success status and their family types. Based on the results, especially in the case of the single-parent type family structures, conducting a democratic family discipline and academic success status of students lead to increase in the self-efficacy belief of adolescents. In the similar way, the education level of mothers, economic status of the families, achieved high academic success and holding a democratic family discipline resulted in the high self-care agency level of the adolescents. Additionally, as the self-efficacy level of the adolescents increased, the self-care agency level of the adolescents may be increased additionally.
The Relationship Between Obesity and Sexual Function in Iranian Women
Authors: Karimi Fatemeh Zahra , Heidarian Miri Hamid , Salehi Fatemeh , Maleki-Saghooni Nahid , Khosravi Anbaran Zahra , Amiri-Farahani Leila
Published: August 2020

Background: Obesity is a chronic disease and threatening factors of public health. Obese people have negative body image, and low self-confidence can lead to sexual dysfunction. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity and sexual function in women referred to health centers of Birjand in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 126 married women who were selected via a multi-stage sampling method from Birjand Health centers in 2014. The participants were categorized into three groups according to BMI (normal (BMI: 18.5 - 24.9), overweight (BMI: 25 - 29.9), and obese (BMI ≥ 30)). Then, demographic and female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaires were completed in the groups by the self-administrative method. For data analysis, STATA version 14.1 software was used in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics tests, and multiple linear regression models. The significance level was considered 0.05. Results: The study showed a significant difference between the three groups in total score of sexual function (P < 0.001). In addition, a statistically significant difference was observed in desire, arousal lubrication, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction scores between the groups (P < 0.001). The results of the regression model showed that the sexual function score of obese people was lower by 15.87 units than normal people. Moreover, the sexual function score of overweight people was 4.67 units lower than normal people. Also, the variables of age, salary, duration of marriage, and the age at first pregnancy are effective factors in female sexual function (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Obesity can affect female sexual function. Therefore, efforts to promote sexual function in obese women are considered as one of the most important topics in women’s health care. This requires more attention to identifying various aspects of sexual life and finding effective ways to promote and improve these persons’ sexual function.
History of Science: Projects and Realities
Authors: Kuznetsova Natalia I. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the key methodological problems of the contemporary research in the field of the history of science. It is shown that in the 18th and 19th centuries works on the history of science demonstrated the difficult paths of scientists to the heights of scientific discoveries. The positivism of the 19th century has opened the field of the philosophy of science, emphasizing the crucial role of scientific knowledge for the development of civilization. The history of science is fundamental for the justification of this thesis. However, in the 20th century, the history of science has solved mainly applied problems. It was necessary as a cursory review of the main achievements of various scientific disciplines arranged in chronological order. In fact, the history of science was based on the cumulative concept of the development of science. The criticism of cumulatism and the fight against anti-historical stereotypes emerged thanks to T. Kuhn. Later, the criticism of presentism in the community of science historians has become the main methodology for reconstructing the development of cognition. It is shown in the paper that the history of science was closely connected with the philosophy of science. However, genuine cooperation between philosophers and historians of science had not yet occurred. The situation has changed with the advent of a new philosophical discipline – historical epistemology.
Radiative behavior and canopy light extinction coefficient in a savanna urban area
Authors: Andrade Levi Pires de , Novais Jonathan Willian Zangeski , Nogueira Marta Cristina de Jesus Albuquerque , Sanches Luciana , Nogueira José De Souza , Musis Carlo Ralph de
Published: August 2020

The knowledge of the radiative characteristics of an area is essential to understanding the flows of matter and energy. The value of the Light Extinction Coefficient (K) is a parameter that describes the efficiency of the interception of light in a given canopy, being required, as input, for several SWAP (Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant) models, which allow the characterization of the interactive properties among  soil, plant and atmosphere concerning these exchanges of matter and energy. This study aimed to obtain the light extinction coefficient (K) for a savanna fragment located in the urban area of Cuiabá. The used data correspond to one measurement each month, totaling twelve measurements in 30 points during the period from October 2014 to September 2015. The measured variables  were the LAI (Leaf Area Index), the photosynthetically active incident radiation (PARinc) and the transmitted radiation  (PARtrans), and the calculated ones were the zenith angle (Zh) and the extinction coefficient (K). Was observed an annual variability for the light extinction coefficient between 0.49 and 0.69. There are seasonal changes that interfere with the canopy geometry and the position of the study area in relation to the solar radiation incidence, concluding that the K variability is predominantly temporal.
Review article: studies of fungi in the state of Amazonas, Brazil in the last 10 years
Authors: Cavalcante Felipe Sant' Anna , Campos Milton César Costa , Lima Janaína Paolucci Sales de
Published: August 2020

Fungi are eukaryotic beings, uni or multicellular and are present in our daily lives, both in the manufacture of food and in the proliferation of diseases. The occurrence of fungi of the phylum Basidiomycota is most frequently found in the forest, as it is in these places that fungi find the conditions that best guarantee their physiological needs, acting as the main decomposers of organic matter. The present work aims to carry out production analysis on fungi in Amazonas. The review consisted of analyzing scientific articles, dissertations and thesis in the field of mycology in the Amazon region available in the databases PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, in English and Portuguese. The data collection used the publication period between 2008 and 2018 as the inclusion criterion, the exclusion criterion was the keywords that were not in accordance with the analyzes proposed by the publication criteria. It was found that all related works on fungi are published in scientific journals in the areas of teaching (two), health (five) and the environment (four), with emphasis on the fungi Candida, Aspergillus and Penicillium. The Amazon Forest has been little investigated, mainly in relation to fungi research, which makes it urgent to know about the diversity of fungi, especially in areas of the Brazilian Amazon, where it needs to be measured.
The Importance of the Rescue and Preservation of Medicinal Plants in the North region in the last twenty years
Authors: Lima Renato Abreu , Xavier Reinato Andrade Tembo , Cavalcante Felipe Sant' Anna
Published: August 2020

The objective of this research was to survey published works on medicinal plants in the North Region, analyzing their use and preparation. Given its importance for human beings as well as for other living beings, the preservation of this precious asset on our planet Earth is very pertinent. The method for this study was quantitative, based on works published in the period from 1999 to 2019 with an emphasis on medicinal plants used in the treatment and cure of diseases. Visits to the communities, in the work under study, were analyzed for consultations in the region in order to improve capacities and data on medicinal plants. We found that the most used vegetable species were Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rutaceae, Poaceae, Acanthaceae, Allismataceae, Amarantaceae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Meliaceae, Musaceae, Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Malvaceae, Bromeliaceae, Cactaceae, Araceae, Apiaceae, Apocynaceae, Aristolochiaceae and others. Other records were people planting medicinal plants, collecting plant seeds, are used to make infusions to treat toothache, cough, flu, diarrhea and skin diseases.
Attributes and Magnitude of the Socio-Environmental Impacts in Environmental Impact Study and Environmental Impact Report (EIS/EIR) of two small Hydroelectric Power Plants
Authors: Demarco Carolina Faccio , Afonso Thays França , Ribeiro Patricia Damasceno , Caballero Cassia Brocca , Andreazza Robson , Siqueira Tirzah Moreira
Published: August 2020

Both SHPs selected for this study SHP Cabuí (southeast of Minas Gerais state) and SHP Caiçara (northern Minas Gerais state) are located in low-income regions. This study aimed to evaluate the approach used to describe the socio-environmental impacts - through the analysis of attributes and magnitude of impacts - of these two projects and for this, consultations were carried out on the Environmental Impact Studies (EIS) presented by these SHPs, as well as the technical opinions available on the website of the agency responsible for environmental licensing (IBAMA). It was verified that the socio-environmental approaches of the SHPs differed in some aspects. PCH Cabuí, whose previous license was deferred, used more attributes to describe the socioeconomic impacts and the explanation of the impact assessment was more detailed and easy to understand, while the EIS of the Caiçara SHP (previous license rejected) was more succinct in its attributes for the description of the socioeconomic impacts, not adequately presenting the valuation and meaning of its impacts. There is also evidence of the need to improve public participation in both projects.
Activation of human neutrophils by dotriacontane from Tynanthus micranthus Corr. Méllo (Bignoniaceae) for the production of superoxide anions
Authors: Gomes Leticia Carneiro , Merino Francis José Zortéa , Golin Pacheco Samanta Daliana , Cansian Fernanda Colombi , De Oliveira Letícia Freire , Gaspari Dias Josiane De Fátima , Wunder Paulo Roberto , Oliveira Vinícius Bednarczuk , Barison Andersson , Montrucchio Deise Prehs , Gasparetto João Cleverson , Miguel Obdulio Gomes , Miguel1. Marilis Dallarmi
Published: August 2020

The species Tynanthus micranthus Corr. Méllo, is popularly known as "Cipó Cravo" or "Craveiro", and is usually used as a stimulant and aphrodisiac, and found in the north of the State of Paraná - Brazil. The isolate the alkane dotriacontane from T. micranthus and to verify its action on the activation of human neutrophils to produce superoxide anions by the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction method (NBT), in comparison with the activation obtained by commercial dotriacontane. The ethanolic extract dried leaves was prepared by modified Soxhlet apparatus. Then the ethanolic extract was fractionated with n-hexane to obtain the hexane fraction which was submitted to the chromatographic column to obtain the compound dotriacontane. The substance was identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Isolated and commercial dotriacontane were evaluated by the NBT assay for verification of the activation of human neutrophils. The isolated and commercial dotriacontane activated neutrophils (10.0 μg/mL) when compared to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (10.0 μg/mL). In the quantitative test commercial dotriacontane induced significant activation when compared to PMA (10.0 μg/mL). The substance dotriacontane, first time identified in the genus Tynanthus. The dotriacontane was shown to be important to confirm the activation of human neutrophils to produce superoxide anions.
Urban arborization management plan: tool design for efficiency and public safety
Authors: Carvalho Joema , Maranho Leila Teresinha
Published: August 2020

The inventory of the urban arborization of Positivo University parking lots in Ecoville Campus was conducted through census criteria, concerning the surroundings conflicts related to tree health, origin and phenology, that were scored and weighted. There were 393 individuals, 12 species and five families where 60% were native to Brazil. The main canopy criteria was the reaching branches on the access road in a proportion of 40%; in the trunk analysis, it was observed lesion (45%) and rot (40%); at the base’s analysis it was verified injury (43%) and root damage (35%) and exposed root (25%). The presence of fruit (26%) was higher than the flowering. Handroanthus albus presented the best result for the criteria, unlike Anadenanthera macrocarpa and Tipuana tipu. The trees showed a landscaping potential, however, the space available for the large size ones was not adequate and the large size species intensified the conflicts, when there was no planning. The species characteristics should be observed, in relation to the three-dimensional space availability. Thus, future conflicts that can be avoided endanger tree health, urban infrastructure and residents which can lead to economic losses. For this reason, the elaboration of the Municipal Urban Arborization Plan is considered primordial.
Avaliação da precipitação baseada em dados do CHIRPS e GPCC com medições na superfície para a sub-bacia do rio Guamá no Nordeste Paraense
Authors: Barbosa Ivan Carlos da Costa , Silva Emerson Renato Maciel da , Silva Helder José Farias da , Costa Luiz Gonzaga da Silva , Vitorino Maria Isabel , Sousa Adriano Marlisom Leão de
Published: August 2020

Rain is one of the most important variables in climate studies in Amazon because of it is large variability in time and space scales. Many basins and sub-basins in the region are deficient in regular and uniform monitoring of data observed on the surface. Today, the remote sensing products available provide satellite estimated rainfall data for a large spatio-temporal distribution and for almost every globe. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the performance of rainfall data obtained from remote sensing for the sub-basin region of the Guamá River, Northeastern Pará, compared to data observed on terrestrial rain gauges. In addition to identifying the spatio-temporal behavior of rain in the area. The rainfall data used were: rain measured by rain gauge (Hidroweb) and rain estimated by remote sensing and made available by the high resolution precipitation database of GPCC and CHIRPS products, for the period between 1988 and 2018. The data were compared with a remarkably high correlation (r = 0.99) and a satisfactory agreement index (d = 0.98). The two estimated databases showed an approximate overestimation of the observed precipitation and a spatio-temporal distribution consistent with that expected for the region.
Educational strategy to favor attitudes towards statistics in engineering students
Authors: Olazábal Raul León Báez , Valdés Doris Vivian Prieto , Anarela Alexia Esther Nardin , Prieto Raidel Báez
Published: August 2020

The increase in the need of teaching and learning of statistics leads to new research in this area. An exploratory study is presented, during the 2018-2019 school year, to analyze the attitudes towards the statistics, that students of the civil engineering career have at the University of Camagüey, Cuba. Based on experiences validated by the experts Estrada (2002, 2007) and Auzmendi (1992), the application of an educational strategy with three stages is proposed. It is based, applied and evaluated in the characterization of the second-year students of Civil Engineering and the diagnosis of their attitudes towards Statistics. The results show, that the implementation of this methodology, allowed to increase the positive attitude towards statistics and encourage better learning of the teaching process.
Sobre o exercício do ofício de professor de filosofia: algumas problematizações conceituais e atitudinais
Authors: Oliari Gilberto , Tedesco Anderson Luiz
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir a respeito do ofício do professor de filosofia na cultura. Para tanto, identificou-se no pensamento de Nietzsche uma perspectiva inicial de uma antieducação, na medida em que entendia que o ofício do filósofo era de contrapor-se ao modelo educativo tradicional. Tendo como procedimento metodológico a pesquisa bibliográfica, recorreu-se à seleção de textos e obras que abordaram a temática da educação nas três fases do pensamento de Nietzsche. Na primeira fase, considerou-se os textos: “Sobre o futuro dos nossos estabelecimentos de ensino” (1872) e a “Terceira Consideração extemporânea: Schopenhauer como educador” (1874). A fim de problematizar o ensino de filosofia como exercício de um ofício, buscamos apontar cinco considerações relativas ao ensino deste nos processos educativos. Para isso, percorremos um caminho teórico para considerar a importância do amateurismo do professor (MASSCHELEIN, SIMONS, 2017); a importância do filosofar e do reconhecimento de que a filosofia é multifacetada (SAVATER, 2001; CERLETTI, 2009); problematizamos também um caminho metodológico (GALLO, 2007), que auxilia pensar a docência como o exercício de um ofício. Conclui-se que o ensino da filosofia é um oficio reflexivo, de proposição de outros (novos) pensamentos em nossos processos educativos que não só formam, mas também (trans)formam consciências e seus modos de viver e de agir.
Experimentos de pensamento como recurso pedagógico para o ensino de Filosofia
Authors: Nyland Luana Francine
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho tem como objeto de investigação uma ferramenta metodológica muito utilizada na Filosofia, experimentos de pensamento. Os experimentos de pensamento são narrativas que convidam o leitor a imaginar e avaliar uma situação hipotética, sendo utilizados na investigação filosófica para elucidar determinada concepção ou, até mesmo, para apoiar ou refutar alguma teoria. Contudo, poderia essa ferramenta de investigação ser utilizada também como um recurso pedagógico nas aulas de Filosofia? O objetivo desse trabalho consiste em defender uma resposta positiva a tal pergunta. Para isso, apresento a perspectiva de Nancy J. Nersessian (1992, 2018) sobre o raciocínio envolvido na experimentação mental, que é baseada na perspectiva de modelos mentais (mental models), para apoiar a hipótese de que experimentos de pensamento podem ser utilizados como recursos pedagógicos no ensino de Filosofia.
Assembling via ‘Danmu’
Authors: Bi Wenhao
Published: August 2020

The ‘danmu’ system in the Chinese video-sharing social media platform Bilibili, in allowing comments to sync to any specific playback time, has constructed a community where separated viewers can join in the seemingly simultaneous conversations at the same time they watch videos. The participatory design of such co-presence demonstrates the political and cultural gesture of speaking out and exchanging ideas as the main orientation of the platform. Through danmu comments are the living networks connected both in the videos they are attached to, and in Bilibili as a whole. Despite the instantaneous emotions displayed in individual danmu comments, there are affective connections that shape the temporal quality of participation. The playfulness embedded in the interface design has further directed the gratification of speaking out on the platform.
Pornifying the Network
Authors: Holt Rebecca
Published: August 2020

Watching pornography online is a deeply personal, if not secretive act, yet the ease with which a near-infinite supply of adult content is shored up by networks of shared experiences. In fact, the persistent assumption that consuming adult content is a ‘closed’ experience has largely stunted efforts to reconceptualize online pornography as a “network experience.” As Wendy Chun asks, “Why are networked devices described as ‘personal,’ when they are so chatty and promiscuous?” This article, therefore, attempts to ‘pornify the network’ by tracing the movement, flows, and processual emergence of networks that have been crucial to the formation and continued proliferation of online pornography. Two case studies are used to illustrate the persistence of this framework: the first theorizes ‘edging’ in early online pornography, while the second puts into question the politics of the world’s largest porn website deploying user data for titillating effect. Theorizing a pornified network ultimately reroutes persistent technological imaginaries of the network through affect, sensation, and the entanglements of desire.
Utopisk slægtskab i udryddelsens tid
Authors: Andersen Iben Engelhardt
Published: August 2020

This article examines how utopian and ecological thinking connect in light of the ongoing eco-catastrophe. While the dystopic genre might be timely as it depicts an affective landscape of fear and hopelessness and communicates ideas about how things can get much worse, the article suggests that utopian imagination is necessary but only possible if it connects with an existing ecology. It presents three utopian perspectives on the entanglements of reproduction and ecological sustainability –Inger Christensen’s circular energy, Donna Haraway’s non-reproduction, and Hiromi Ito’s radical kinship – that link utopian imagination, feminist temporalities and questions of sustainability. The focus on birth, childhood and kinship illustrates how biology, social practices and phantasms affect one another and how ecology brings these levels together, while connecting intimate questions and global problematics. The analyzed texts articulate instances of “utopian kinship” that sidestep the mechanisms of reproductive futurism or reproduction understood as a confirmation and continuation of the way things are. As such, they point to the reproductive sphere as a place for resistance: queer growth, multispecies kinship, nature’s work against capitalism’s principles of development.
A Novel Compartmental Model for Analysis and Projection of COVID-19 Dynamics in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Mijanur , Rani Md. Sadekur Rahman
Published: August 2020

A novel compartmental model is proposed to project the COVID-19 dynamics in Bangladesh. The exposed population is divided into two classes: tested and not tested. Model parameters are estimated by fitting the output with empirical COVID-19 data of Bangladesh from 7 April 2020 to 15 June 2020. It is found that even if 90% of exposed individuals are tested, number of unidentified cases (recovered or dead) is 3 to 4 times than that of identified cases. As of 15 June 2020, Bangladesh is using the Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) based test to detect the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The impact of false negative rate of this test on unidentified infection is analyzed. It is found that the year-end total recoveries (deaths) surges 700 (800) times if the false negative rate is doubled. Periodic lockdown and relaxation intervals are incorporated by defining the effective contact rate (β) as a periodic function of time. Impact of lockdown is perspicuous from the periodic fluctuation of the basic reproduction number ( ). It is observed that a 90-day-lockdwon reduces the final outcome by 3% while a 30-day-lockdwon increases it by 2%. On other hand, casualties are 10 to 100 times worse in case of no lockdown even with less than half effective contact rate. Analysis of strictness of isolation reveals that a 12.5% increase in the strictness coefficient reduces the exposed population 2.5 times whereas a 37.5% decrease in it intensifies the outcome nearly 9 times. Projections up to 6 April 2021 suggests that the epidemic will reach its peak in Bangladesh in August 2020.
Leader-member Exchange and Transformational Leadership Style: A Prediction to Thriving at Work
Authors: Chiamaka O. Joe-Akunne, , Stephen E. Iloke , Collins I. Nnaebue,
Published: August 2020

The world’s economic and organizational growth is increasingly becoming difficult as a result of harsh leadership styles and highhandedness in imprinting certain policies and rules into the organization. Going by this trend, this study explored leader-member exchange and transformational leadership style: a prediction to thriving at work among employees of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra, Nigeria. The sample population of the study comprised of 102 non-teaching staff of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra, Nigeria. Thirty-two (32) males and sixty-eight (68) females with age range of 23 to 56 years with a mean age of 32.5 who were selected through simple random sampling. Instruments used for data collection were leader-member exchange scale, transformational leadership inventory and thriving scale. In the method section, predictive design was adopted and hierarchical regression statistics was used to analyze the predictive strength of the variables. Three hypotheses guided the study and the results indicated that leader member exchange and transformational leadership style independently predicted thriving at work at B=.80 and .34, p<.05 respectively. Also, leader member exchange and transformational leadership style jointly predicted thriving at work at B= .62 and B=.34, p <.05 respectively. The findings from this study imply that leader member exchange and transformational leadership style can greatly impact thriving at work and this would in turn lead to greater work commitment and organizational effectiveness among public sector employees. It was recommended that organizations put to use transformational leadership styles and as well grant leaders the opportunity to share ideas and opinions.
Study of Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infected Children in Relation to CD4 Count
Authors: Mishra Archana , Soren Narendra Nath , Ganguly Sristi
Published: August 2020

Aims: To study the clinical profile of HIV infected children and correlate them with the CD4 count at the time of presentation.

Study Design: Hospital based observational study

Place and Duration of Study: ART centre of SCBMCH and Department of Pediatrics, SVPPGIP, Cuttack, Odisha during the period October 2017 to September 2019.

Methodology: All children aged between 1.5 to 15 years who were confirmed to be HIV positive by ELISA or immunocomb II, either at present or past were included in the study. They were subjected to CD4 count testing, along with nutritional assessment and screened for opportunistic infections, apart from their socio-demographic details. All quantitative variables including age, weight, height, were compared by unpaired t-test. Categorical variables like sex mode of transmission were compared by chi-square test. Variables like clinical staging, immunological staging and CD4 counts were measured at presentation and analyzed with repeated ANOVA at 5% level of significance to allow for multiple comparisons. P<0.05 was considered significant and inferences were drawn.

Results: Out of 103 cases, majority belonged to age 4- 7 years and 59.2% were malnourished. 24.3% were asymptomatic, with the most common clinical features noted were fever (65%), cough (47.8%), recurrent diarrhoea (41.8%) and weight loss (40.8%). The incidence of opportunistic infections was 24.3%, with tuberculosis (40%) and herpes zoster (36%) leading the list. Most cases (37.87%) came under WHO clinical stage-III. A significant correlation was found between CD4 count and age, WHO clinical staging, opportunistic infections in the population. Lower CD4 counts were associated with younger age, lower staging and less risk for symptoms and infections.

Conclusion: CD4 count is a reliable market to assess the staging and risk for opportunistic infections in pediatric HIV and thus can be used as screening tool for complications/ deterioration in the child, for better management.
Experience in Prevention and Control Work of Anti-COVID-19 in People's Hospital of Tongchuan City in China
Authors: Guizhong Hu , Wanqing Liu , Jianhua Wang , Chunli Guo , Xiaoli . , Yanqi Bao , Xiaohui Liu , Yonghong Yang , Fuyong Jiao
Published: August 2020

Objective: To explore the prevention and control strategies and effects of COVID-19 in People's Hospital of Tongchuan so as to provide evidence for prevention and control of COVID-19 in Tongchuan.

Methods: The measures taken by People's Hospital of Tongchuan from the aspects of sound organization, new coronavirus knowledge training, prevention of nosocomial infection, establishment of elite medical team, scientific and precise treatment and internet application as well as medical treatment were reviewed.

Results: Between 23 January 2020 and 15 April 2020, the hospital had received a total of 6 patients with confirmed COVID-19, among which 3 patients have been discharged. More than 31,000 persons were given pre-examination triage, 2,605 persons were treated for fever at clinics, 596 persons were under isolation and observation, and 184 persons had nucleic acid test, so as to achieve the requirements of no missed diagnosis, no death and no infection goal, which were prioritized by the national, provincial and municipal health inspection teams.

Conclusion: The effective prevention and control strategies against COVID-19 in People’s Hospital of Tongchuan have significantly achieved the "three zeros" goal namely zero infection, zero transmission and zero death.

People's Hospital of Tongchuan, founded in 1949, is a comprehensive level-III first-class hospital. It has two hospitals located in the north and the south, with 1,700 beds and 2,044 employees. It is the first designated hospital for treatment of COVID-19 [1] in the province.
Optimization of Heat and Mass Transfer Process in Single Screw Floating Fish Feed Extruder
Authors: Odunayo Ogundana , Ajiboye Oyerinde
Published: August 2020

To optimize the extrusion conditions of locally developed single screw floating fish feed extruder. A factorial experiment in completely randomized design was employed to study the effect of extrusion variables: feed moisture content (20, 30, and 40% wet basis), screw speed (158.5, 245, 334 rpm), die size (4, 6, 8, mm) while checking for their effect on Product temperature of the feed produced. Product temperature is strongly related to the extrusion process parameters under study. Product temperature decreased with increasing moisture content.  Optimum condition was found at 74.11⁰C at the feed section, 80.83⁰C at compression section and 85.15⁰C at metering section, screw speed at 330.5 rpm, feed rate at 0.6 kg/min, die size at 7.47 mm, moisture content at 39.87%, particle size at 1.1., and the  coefficient for the final model is 0.93 which indicated that the model is good. The extruder was found to be cost efficient for floating fish feed production. Thus, model-fitting using response surface methodology was performed to examine their effect on product temperature. Quadratic coefficients fit the extrusion data very well, better than linear models. The equations relating the various dependent and independent variables were established to predict the performance of the machine.
The Influence of CEO’s Demographic Characteristics on Tax Aggressiveness in Family Firm
Authors: Astutik Dwi , Venusita Lintang
Published: August 2020

This research aims to analyze how the educational background, tenure, and gender of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) affect tax aggressiveness in a family firm. Independent varia­bles comprise the educational background, tenure, and gender of CEO while tax aggres­sive­­ness plays as dependent variable. In addition to those three parameters, the controlled variable also includes leverage and profitability. Population and sample of this research were taken from family firms registered in the Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2013 - 2016. With the purposive sampling, the number of total samples and sampling units in this research are 42 and 168, respectively. Furthermore, documentation techniques manifested in financial state­ment and annual report are used as data collection method where panel data regression with a fixed effect model is employed for statistical analysis. The present results demonstrate that the educational background and profitability significantly give a negative effect on the tax aggressiveness whereas the tenure and leverage considerably contribute to a positive conse­quence in the tax aggressiveness. Interestingly, it is shown that the gender factor does not substantially influence the tax aggressiveness.
HUBUNGAN STANDARISASI DAN INVENTARISASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN HOTEL
Authors: Oeynardi Livia , Limbing Lexi Pranata B.
Published: August 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis dan menguji pengaruh antar Standarisasi dan Inventarisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Hotel. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi yang diterapkan pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan departemen food and beverage Service di Hotel Aria Centra Surabaya. Sampel yang diteliti adalah 23 responden yang terdiri dari 1 orang Manajer, satu orang Supervisor, dua orang Leader, tujuh orang Daily Worker dan 12 orang Trainee. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis regresi linier berganda. Pengujian data yang digunakan adalah uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil diolah menggunakan software SPSS 23 yang akan digunakan untuk memperoleh kesimpulan berdasarkan data yang diperoleh. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang kemudian dianalisis maka dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa Standarisasi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Hasil uji simultan menggunakan uji F antara Standarisasi dan Inventarisasi berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Sedangkan variabel Inventarisasi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Oleh sebab itu, untuk penelitian selanjutnya yang menggunakan variabel yang sama disarankan untuk mempertimbangkan kembali faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi seperti menambahkan jumlah responden dan variabel lainnya agar penelitian akan menjadi lebih baik
PENGARUH ATTITUDE, SUBJECTIVE NORM, DAN PERCEIVED BEHAVIOR CONTROL TERHADAP PURCHASE INTENTION MAKANAN SEHAT DI CRUNCHAUS SURABAYA
Authors: Siaputra Hanjaya , Isaac Enrico
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh attitude, subjective norm, dan perceived behavior control terhadap purchase intention makanan sehat di Crunchaus Surabaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 205 responden, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa attitude, subjective norm, dan perceived behavior control berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap purchase intention makanan sehat di Crunchaus Surabaya. Variabel attitude merupakan variabel yang paling dominan terhadap purchase intention makanan sehat di Crunchaus Surabaya
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN 7P PENGELOLA MUSEUM SEJARAH JAKARTA DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN DAYA TARIK WISATAWAN MANCANEGARA
Authors: Adhianti Anissa Aprilia , Herlinda Herlinda
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif bersifat deskriptif. Objek penelitian ini adalah strategi komunikasi pemasaran pengelola Museum Sejarah Jakarta dalam upaya meningkatkan daya tarik wisatawan mancanegara. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, studi kepustakaan, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis melalui tiga cara yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi komunikasi pemasaran yang dilakukan oleh pengelola Museum Sejarah Jakarta diantaranya menggunakan brosur, pamflet, pemasaran langsung secara persuasif, menyelenggarakan event yang unik dan menarik, dan melalui social media seperti instagram dan facebook. Selain itu pengelola Museum Sejarah Jakarta menerapkan bauran komunikasi pemasaran 7p (product, price, promotion, place, people, process, physical evidence) dari manfaat informasi untuk para wisatawan mancanegara, potongan harga untuk rombongan, kemudahan akses untuk para wisatawan mancanegara yang ingin berkunjung, event yang diselenggarakan bertemakan sejarah maupun edukasi, dan koleksi yang berbeda dengan museum lainnya.
PELATIHAN GOOGLE SUITE TERHADAP DEWAN PAROKI KLATEN DAN PENGUKURAN TINGKAT PENERIMAAN TEKNOLOGINYA
Authors: Chrisantyo Lukas , Lukito Yuan , Chrismanto Antonius Rachmat
Published: August 2020

Mempersiapkan daya saing masyarakat dalam industri era 4,0 dari generasi imigran digital memiliki tantangan tersendiri. Dewan Paroki Santa Maria Assumpta Klaten adalah contoh dari sebuah komunitas yang sebagian besar diisi oleh orang yang lahir sebelum generasi Milenium, atau sebelum 1980. Tugas kerja dan pelayanan dewan paroki sendiri memerlukan banyak bantuan teknologi dalam mempersiapkan, mengelola dan melaporkan program pastoral. Google Suite dipilih sebagai teknologi yang diharapkan dapat membantu pekerjaan dewan paroki. Pelatihan Google Suite disediakan dalam empat sesi, masing-masing berfokus pada pembuatan akun, penyimpanan data dan manajemen file, kolaborasi pengeditan file, koordinasi acara bersama, dan pembuatan formulir online. Pada akhir pelatihan, kuesioner dikerahkan untuk mengukur tingkat penerimaan teknologi. Dari perhitungan yang dibuat, disimpulkan bahwa Dewan Paroki Santa Maria Assumpta Klaten memiliki niat baik untuk belajar Google suite dan menganggap bahwa aplikasi ini bermanfaat untuk kegiatan pelayanan gerejawi mereka.Preparing competitiveness in the Industry 4.0 era towards the people from digital immigrant generation has its own challenges. The Parish Council of Santa Maria Assumpta Klaten is an example of a community that is mostly filled by people born before the millennial generation, or before 1980. The work and service assignments of the Parish Council itself require a lot of technological assistance in preparing, managing and reporting pastoral programs. Google Suite was chosen as a technology that is expected to help the work of the Parish Council. Google Suite training is provided in four sessions, each of which focuses on account creation, cloud storage and file management, file editing collaboration, coordination of shared events, and online form creation. At the end of the training, a questionnaire was deployed to measure the level of acceptance of the technology. From the calculations made, it was concluded that the Parish Council of Santa Maria Assumpta Klaten had good intentions to study Google Suite and considered that this application was beneficial for their ecclesiastical service activities.
When peer norms work? Coherent groups facilitate normative influences on cyber aggression
Authors: Dang Jianning , Liu Li
Published: August 2020

Due to the impersonal and anonymous nature of cyberspace, past work underscored the pivotal role of social influence processes in cyberbullying among adolescents. However, there was also evidence revealing the weak influences that some referent groups yield on youth. The current study argues that the strength of normative influences on cyberbullying depends on the properties of the referent groups. In the school context, we examined whether class entitativity—the extent to which a class is a unified and coherent group, rather than a mere aggregation of students—moderated the relationship between class norms and cyberbullying. A total of 474 adolescent students responded to measures of descriptive and injunctive class norms about cyberbullying, perceived class entitativity, and cyberbullying. The results indicated that pro‐cyberbullying descriptive and injunctive class norms were positively correlated with cyber aggression. Most importantly, higher levels of pro‐cyberbullying class norms predicted increases in cyber aggression when students perceived their classes as highly entitative. In contrast, this effect was not significant when students perceived their classes having low entitativity. These findings promote an understanding of how peer norms work and provide an alternative strategy for interventions into cyber aggression in schools.
Benchmarking of Inkjet Printing Methods for Combined Throughput and Performance
Authors: Bevione Matteo , Chiolerio Alessandro
Published: August 2020

Digital manufacturing of electrically conductive lines on flexible, soft polymers represents a key step for the 3D integration of electronic devices. Yet, the tradeoff between throughput and performance, once substrate and conducting materials are fixed, is an often‐missing step in the literature. Herein, Ag conductive lines printed on a soft polymer are realized by means of piezoelectric inkjet printing, and three printing methods are compared to benchmark their output: drop on position, print on fly, and shingle method.
Disulfide Promoted C−P Bond Cleavage of Phosphoramide: “P” Surrogates to Synthesize Phosphonates and Phosphinates
Authors: Hou Fei , Du Xing‐Peng , Alduma Anwar I. , Li Zhi‐Feng , Huo Cong‐De , Wang Xi‐Cun , Wu Xiao‐Feng , Quan Zheng‐Jun
Published: August 2020

A metal‐free C−P bond cleavage reaction is described herein. Phosphoramides, a phosphine source, can react with alcohols to produce phosphonate and phosphinate derivatives in the presence of a disulfide. P−H2, P‐alkyl, and P,P‐dialkyl phosphoramides can be used as substrates to obtain the corresponding pentavalent phosphine products.

magnified image