bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fortalecimento institucional e aprendizagem organizacional da Fundação de Turismo do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul – Projeto realizado no âmbito do Prodetur
Authors: Ruschmann Dóris Van de Meene , Sagi Luciana Carla , Ramos Flávio
Published: December 2014

O artigo trata do processo de fortalecimento institucional da Fundação de Turismo do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, no âmbito do Programa de Desenvolvimento do Turismo no Brasil – PRODETUR. Apresenta quatro etapas: a definição de um modelo de gestão; a análise situacional da gestão pública do turismo em Mato Grosso do Sul; a definição de linhas de fortalecimento institucional e; a definição de um plano de fortalecimento institucional. Os métodos utilizados variaram de acordo com cada etapa. A primeira delas, constituiu-se de análise de outros estudos de caso similares e discussões em grupo. As demais etapas contaram com entrevistas à equipe da instituição responsável pelo turismo no Estado (FUNDTUR), bem como com seus parceiros; vivências na instituição, grupos de trabalho, análises SWOT a partir de um processo de aprendizagem organizacional e gestão do conhecimento. O projeto é pionero na área do turismo no país e pôde contribuir com o crescimento da instituição durante a sua realização em função da alta participação, bem como pode servir de modelo para demais instituições públicas. A definição de um modelo de gestão inicialmente facilitou a elaboração das demais etapas e a participação da equipe em todas as etapas é essencial para a execução do fortalecimento.
Monitoramento de APL de turismo no Brasil: o (não) lugar das dimensões da sustentabilidade
Authors: Costa Helena Araujo , Sawyer Donald R. , Nascimento Elimar P. do
Published: December 2014

O artigo apresenta os resultados de um trabalho onde verificou-se de que maneira os indicadores de sustentabilidade são abordados no monitoramento das iniciativas de arranjos produtivos locais (APLs) de turismo no Brasil, visto que tais arranjos têm sido considerados estratégicos nas políticas de desenvolvimento sustentável em escalas local e regional. Foram analisadas, a partir de dados secundários, dez iniciativas de APL de turismo geridas pelo Sebrae- Serviço de Apoio à Pequena e Média Empresa, disponíveis para acesso público em seu sistema de monitoramento de projetos (SIGEOR). Os indicadores de monitoramento foram analisados segundo quatro categorias: esfera, dados, interface e escopo. A principal conclusão mostra que o monitoramento dos projetos dá uma resposta insuficiente para a problemática da sustentabilidade, visto que se concentra na dimensão econômica e não contempla, na maioria expressiva dos projetos, outras dimensões (social, ambiental, político-institucional e cultural).
Sociologia do Turismo
Authors: Teti Marcela Montalvão
Published: December 2014

Sociologia do Turismo é um livro a partir do qual é possível pensar os limites do turismo de massa. No entanto, em vez de se restringir a uma crítica, Krippendorf propõe alternativas para os problemas que ele identifica. Situa o turismo inserido na sociedade ocidental moderna. É uma atividade que serve a reconstituição do ser estressado, bastante acuado pelo cotidiano de trabalho. Este, tecnicista e ao mesmo tempo alienante, associado à repartição do ambiente de trabalho daquele reservado para a moradia, resulta no desgaste físico e mental de qualquer trabalhador. Cumprir metas de forma individual e compartimentada mantém as pessoas distanciadas umas das outras e com isso precisando de certo período de tempo para recarregar forças.
Espanha: Turismo Mundial em Debate
Authors: Solha Karina Toledo , Trentin Fábia , Gândara José Manoel Gonçalves
Published: December 2014

Relato de três eventos técnicos cientificos ocorridos na Espanha, no início de 2010. o Exceltur – 5º Foro de Liderazgo Turístico, a Feira Internacional de Turismo – FITUR, uma reunião da Organização Mundial de Turismo – OMT e uma reunião da Associação dos Experts Científicos en Investigación Turística – AECIT, uma excelente oportunidade de conhecer e compreender o panorama  atual do turismo neste país, a partir de abordagens distintas tanto do mundo  empresarial, quanto da academia.
Capacidade de Carga em Cidades Históricas
Authors: De Oliveira Fernando Vicente
Published: December 2014

Neste artigo são apresentados os conceitos de capacidade de carga e capacidade ambiental vinculando-os ao manejo de cidades históricas dentro dos pressupostos do turismo sustentável. A avaliação da capacidade ambiental é uma valiosa ferramenta para planejamento turístico. O principal é determinar até que ponto um meio ambiente pode suportar uma intervenção, sem que a mesma danifique ou prejudique a característica principal deste local. As cidades históricas e turísticas com desejo de fomentar o turismo devem, necessariamente, delimitar suas capacidades de crescimento, para geração de riquezas através de sua economia diversificada e, sobretudo, bem estar de sua população, principal objetivo do estudo de capacidade ambiental.
TURISMO NO MUNICÍPIO DE BENTO GONÇALVES (RS): ANÁLISE DO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM DESTINO INDUTOR NO BRASIL
Authors: Tomazzoni Edegar Luis , Possamai Ana Maria , Lovatel Rogério
Published: December 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o desenvolvimento turístico do município de Bento Gonçalves (RS), por meio de indicadores de desenvolvimento do setor. Pretendeu-se, também, disponibilizar aos gestores municipais, às entidades e aos empreendedores, os resultados da pesquisa, como fonte de consulta de informações, para futuras análises e novas pesquisas acadêmicas, bem como pelos profissionais de turismo. Para identificação de indicadores do desenvolvimento, aplicou-se instrumento com questões fechadas e relacionadas aos elementos de duas dimensões do turismo: desenvolvimento socieconômico e gestão organizacional. Além da aplicação do instrumento, por meio de entrevistas em entidades e instituições do setor público e do setor privado no município de Bento Gonçalves (RS), o artigo é resultado de observação direta. O trabalho contempla também as expectativas do Ministério do Turismo de promoção de roteiros integrados e regionalização do turismo, por meio dos municípios indutores, entre os quais está o município em estudo. Como conclusões, tem-se que o município ainda enfrenta desafios de melhoria de sua infraestrutura e de sua oferta turística. Justifica-se, entretanto, que Bento Gonçalves seja um dos 65 destinos indutores do turismo do Brasil, em razão do emprendedorismo na realização de eventos, na criação e inovação de serviços e atrativos e nas estratégias de gestão e marketing turísticos.
SEGMENTAÇÃO DE MERCADO COM BASE NAS PREFERÊNCIAS DOS TURISTAS: UMA APROXIMAÇÃO MULTIVARIADA
Authors: Ferreira Sérgio Dominique , Maia Sancha Catarina Frazão , Boubeta Antonio Rial
Published: December 2014

Nas últimas décadas, o turismo converteu-se num dos sectores mais preponderantes da economia à escala mundial. Concretamente, nos casos de Portugal e Brasil, a sua contribuição no Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) e na criação de emprego é bastante relevante. Neste sentido, orientar-se por um marcado enfoque de Marketing na gestão dos recursos turísticos de um país assume-se como estratégia primordial. Tal enfoque deverá basear-se em inovações metodológicas que permitam conhecer as preferências dos turistas com rigor, tornando-se assim numa vantagem competitiva. Neste âmbito, o principal objectivo deste estudo é ilustrar a importância e os benefícios relacionados com a utilização de metodologias multivariadas no momento de segmentar o mercado. No presente estudo levou-se a cabo uma Análise Cluster, com recurso a um método hierárquico e a uma posterior aplicação de um método de optimização. Os principais resultados deste trabalho permitem identificar a existência de cinco clusters que se diferenciam por atribuírem especial importância a determinados atributos turísticos, no momento de eleger um destino turístico. Em definitiva, comprova-se a importância de levar a cabo uma segmentação post hoc, com base nas preferências dos consumidores, em detrimento de segmentações tradicionais, conhecidas como a priori, que têm por base critérios sócio-demográficos.
TAM LINHAS AÉREAS NO TWITTER: CANAL DE COMUNICAÇÃO OU REDE SOCIAL?
Authors: Corrêa Cynthia Harumy Watanabe
Published: December 2014

A pesquisa aborda a apropriação social das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação pelo setor de aviação brasileiro, mediante um estudo de caso das estratégias comunicacionais da TAM Linhas Aéreas no site da rede social Twitter. A TAM é uma empresa líder no mercado doméstico brasileiro e que aos poucos conquista seu espaço no Mercosul. Trata-se de uma investigação de caráter exploratório, baseada na Análise de Conteúdo das mensagens enviadas ao perfil da companhia no Twitter, com o objetivo de verificar se há de fato a consolidação de uma rede social entre a TAM e os seus seguidores. Foram analisadas todas as mensagens publicadas desde o dia 3 de julho de 2009, data da primeira postagem no perfil da empresa, até o dia 31 de janeiro de 2010. Entre os assuntos divulgados, prevaleciam os de caráter informativo e promocional. O estudo conclui que, no âmbito do Twitter, a TAM ainda não atingiu um grau elevado de interação social com os seus seguidores, predominando mensagens voltadas para ações de marketing promocional.
PLANEJAMENTO TURÍSTICO E HOSPITALIDADE: O CASO DE CANCÚN, MÉXICO
Authors: Gonzalez Priscilla , Rolfsen Salles Maria Rosário
Published: December 2014

A proposta deste artigo é uma reflexão sobre os resultados decorrentes da implantação e desenvolvimento do projeto turístico da cidade de Cancún, estado de Quintana Roo, México, sob o ponto de vista da hospitalidade urbana. O objetivo é apresentar um panorama sobre o resultado da implantação e crescimento do turismo nesta cidade e o impacto no cotidiano e forma de vida dos residentes e, também, na relação destes com a cidade. A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, baseia-se em observações diretas, resultado da experiência de trabalho da pesquisadora na hotelaria local e como residente na cidade de Cancún durante quase cinco anos, em pesquisa bibliográfica e produções acadêmicas e também fontes oficiais, especialmente no documento Plan Maestro 2020 que serviu de base para a análise dos depoimentos colhidos em pesquisa de campo. Os resultados da pesquisa permitem avaliar as relações entre o crescimento rápido e descontrolado deste destino e suas conseqüências[1]. [1] Este artigo resultou daDissertação de Mestrado “Turismo, Planejamento e Hospitalidade: O Projeto Cancún, México”, defendida em março de 2010 na Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, sob a orientação da Dra. Maria do Rosário Rolfsen Salles.
PERCEPÇÕES SOBRE O USO DE PIERCINGS E/OU TATUAGENS POR FUNCIONÁRIOS DE EMPREENDIMENTOS HOTELEIROS DE FOZ DO IGUAÇU/PR (BRASIL)
Authors: Do Carmo Andressa Andrieli
Published: December 2014

A hotelaria apresenta-se como setor padronizado no que diz respeito ao estereótipo de seus funcionários da linha de frente. O setor não apresenta uma aceitação visível ao diferente quando se trata dos recursos humanos da empresa. Para melhor compreender este fenômeno, foi realizada uma pesquisa tomando como referencial temas de hotelaria e turismo, assim como da antropologia tais como estereótipos e mudanças culturais. Foi também aplicado um questionário nos empreendimentos hoteleiros de Foz do Iguaçu/PR, com amostra probabilística, para analisar o nível de aceitação com relação aos funcionários que possuem piercing e/ou tatuagem. Um outro questionário foi aplicado aos turistas nacionais e internacionais que estavam na mesma localidade, com o intuito de analisar a percepção dos mesmos para com a atuação destes profissionais, sendo uma amostra não probabilística. Esta pesquisa quali-quantitativa permitiu que os dados coletados demonstrassem a existência de discriminação nos processos seletivos na hotelaria.
ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM EM UM CURSO DE HOTELARIA DA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO: PERCEPÇÕES DE ALUNOS EM UMA NOVA ABORDAGEM DE ANÁLISE
Authors: Decker Karin , Cavenaghi Airton José , Sogayar Roberta Leme , Sousa Roseane Barcellos Marques , Funcia Thaís
Published: December 2014

Pesquisa exploratória sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem com o objetivo de identificar a natureza do ensino superior no contexto de uma sala de aula monocultural, como parte de um estudo mais amplo envolvendo ambientes multiculturais no Instituto de Educação Superior de Glion (Suíça).  Com base em fundamentos teóricos do sense making, e a partir de observações em salas de aula e grupos focais com alunos do curso de Hotelaria da Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, descreve e analisa os resultados em cinco categorias interpretativas: vocação profissional, experiência de mercado, estratégias de ensino, aprendizagem e processo, e vínculo. Destaca que os alunos questionam a ação pedagógica do professor de forma atuante e crítica. Conclui que se evidencia maior maturidade dos alunos em relação à figura do professor e as expectativas geradas por este processo.
INTERSECÇÕES ENTRE O MERCADO TURÍSTICO E O MERCADO DO SEXO EM SALVADOR, BAHIA, BRASIL
Authors: Gabrielli Cassiana
Published: December 2014

O presente artigo pretende trazer à discussão algumas questões sobre o relacionamento entre o mercado turístico e o comércio sexual na cidade de Salvador, capital do Estado da Bahia, situada na Região Nordeste do Brasil, focando, com especial atenção, a questão das relações sociais de gênero. Considerando o turismo um importante mediador social, propõe-se, a partir de algumas observações levantadas em entrevistas realizadas com dez profissionais do sexo atuantes em pontos turísticos dessa cidade, dialogar, com outros pesquisadores dessa temática, sobre as relações sociais e culturais entre turistas e autóctones, que podem refletir elementos de uma realidade mais ampla e, através da interpretação das formas pelas quais as relações entre os envolvidos em tal contexto se desenvolvem, sobre o turismo e, particularmente, sobre o seu viés conhecido como turismo sexual. É válido salientar que, nas discussões aqui apresentadas, aborda-se, apenas, a prostituição feminina heterossexual.
INDAGAÇÕES SOBRE AS MUDANÇAS ACONTECIDAS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DO TURISMO NA CIDADE DE SAN JOSÉ, PROVÍNCIA DE ENTRE RIOS, ARGENTINA
Authors: Wallingre Noemi
Published: December 2014

O documento apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre o desenvolvimento de um destino emergente da Argentina.  Justificou-se pela necessidade de realizar uma contribuição a respeito da relação existente entre o turismo, a partir de uma análise sistêmica, e o desenvolvimento local na tentativa de desvendar o surgimento de iniciativas, ou mudanças, e implementação de políticas e estratégias de desenvolvimento. Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado na cidade de San José, província de Entre Rios entre os anos 2004 e 2009. Tentou-se analisar o impacto sócio-econômico em relação ao emprego, os empreendimentos e investimentos, assim como a contribuição refletida nos benefícios que ocasionou, em particular, na população residente.
POLÍTICA PÚBLICA DE TURISMO E TERRITORIO NA REGIÃO TERMAL DO URUGUAI – O CASO DO CENTRO TERMAL GUAVIYÚ (1957-2007)
Authors: Quintana Claudio
Published: December 2014

Este artigo descreve a transformação de um determinado espaço em territorio turístico (turistificação) e os estágios de desenvolvimento do turismo para o Centro Termal Guaviyú. O papel do governo condicionou fortemente a dinâmica e a evolução do Centro Termal Guaviyú. A intervenção da administração pública tem sido um elemento-chave de desenvolvimento histórico e espaciai do turismo no Centro Termal.
O USO DE GEOTECNOLOGIAS NA ANÁLISE DOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS NO SALTO VENTOSO (FARROUPILHA/RS)
Authors: Teixeira Paulo Roberto , Ahlert Siclério
Published: December 2014

O presente artigo objetiva realizar o levantamento dos impactos ambientais resultantes da visitação em um atrativo turístico, por meio do uso de ferramentas de geotecnológicas. O local de estudo foi o Salto Ventoso, localizado no município de Farroupilha no Rio Grande do Sul, que se caracteriza por ser um atrativo turístico de grande importância para a região. No local, que é uma área particular, a atração é uma cascata de 60 metros e sua paisagem cênica; além disso, os visitantes podem realizar uma caminhada pela trilha que passa por trás da cascata. A trilha foi mapeada, utilizando-se GPS (Sistema de Posicionamento Global), teodolito e fita métrica, e dividida em doze trechos, nos quais foram avaliados: declividade, largura, danos aos recursos naturais e infraestrutura, problemas de drenagem, número de trilhas não oficiais e quantidade de lixo. Os resultados demonstraram que o local apresenta uma série de impactos ambientais resultantes da falta de planejamento e da grande quantidade de visitantes. Algumas estratégias para manejo do local seriam a instalação de infraestrutura de sinalização e segurança, assim como um trabalho de sensibilização ambiental dos visitantes quanto aos impactos gerados por eles no local.
Correlates of Veteran Status in a Canadian Sample of Homeless People With Mental Illness
Authors: Bourque Jimmy , VanTil Linda , LeBlanc Stefanie Renee , Kopp Brianna , Daigle Stéphanie , LeBlanc Jacinthe , Sareen Jitender , Darte Kathy , Landry Liette-Andrée , More Faye
Published: December 2014

Many veterans at risk of homelessness also suffer from mental health problems. The aim of this study was to identify correlates of veteran status among housing, mental health, and service use variables in a Canadian sample of homeless people with mental illness. The data were obtained from At Home / Chez Soi, a Canadian multisite study. The participants were 99 veterans and a matched comparison group of 297 non-veterans. Data were gathered at baseline and were analyzed using logistic regression. The veteran and non-veteran groups were found to be similar, although veterans attended school longer, and were more likely to have been victims of a robbery in the 6 months prior to enrolment in the study. Veterans were not overrepresented in this sample as compared with the general population.
Variability in efficiency of particulate organic carbon export: A model study
Authors: Henson Stephanie A. , Yool Andrew , Sanders Richard
Published: December 2014

The flux of organic carbon from the surface ocean to mesopelagic depths is a key component of the global carbon cycle and is ultimately derived from primary production (PP) by phytoplankton. Only a small fraction of organic carbon produced by PP is exported from the upper ocean, referred to as the export efficiency (herein e‐ratio). Limited observations of the e‐ratio are available, and there is thus considerable interest in using remotely sensed parameters such as sea surface temperature to extrapolate local estimates to global annual export flux. Currently, there are large discrepancies between export estimates derived in this way; one possible explanation is spatial or temporal sampling bias in the observations. Here we examine global patterns in the spatial and seasonal variability in e‐ratio and the subsequent effect on export estimates using a high‐resolution global biogeochemical model. The model used here represents export as separate slow‐ and fast‐sinking detrital material whose remineralization is respectively temperature dependent and a function of ballasting minerals. We find that both temperature and the fraction of export carried by slow‐sinking particles are factors in determining e‐ratio, suggesting that current empirical algorithms for e‐ratio that only consider temperature are overly simple. We quantify the temporal lag between PP and export, which is greatest in regions of strong variability in PP where seasonal decoupling can result in large e‐ratio variability. Extrapolating global export estimates from instantaneous measurements of e‐ratio is strongly affected by seasonal variability and can result in errors in estimated export of up to ±60%.
Abnormal acoustic wave velocities in basaltic and (Fe,Al)‐bearing silicate glasses at high pressures
Authors: Liu Jin , Lin Jung‐Fu
Published: December 2014

We have measured acoustic VP and VS velocities of (Fe,Al)‐bearing MgSiO3 silicate glasses and an Icelandic basalt glass up to 25 GPa. The velocity profiles of the (Fe,Al)‐bearing and basaltic silicate glasses display decreased VP and VS with minima at approximately 5 and 2 GPa, respectively, which could be explained by the mode softening in the aluminosilicate networks. Our results represent the first observation of such velocity softening extending into the chemically complex basaltic glass at a relatively low transition pressure, which is likely due to its degree of polymerization, while the Fe and Al substitutions reduce sound velocities in MgSiO3 glass. If the velocity softening in the basaltic and silicate glasses can be used as analogs for understanding melts in Earth's interior, these observations suggest that the melt fraction needed to account for the velocity reduction in the upper mantle low‐velocity zone may be smaller than previously thought.
Greenland ice sheet annual motion insensitive to spatial variations in subglacial hydraulic structure
Authors: Tedstone A. J. , Nienow P. W. , Gourmelen N. , Sole A. J.
Published: December 2014

We present ice velocities observed with global positioning systems and TerraSAR‐X/TanDEM‐X in a land‐terminating region of the southwest Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) during the melt year 2012–2013, to examine the spatial pattern of seasonal and annual ice motion. We find that while spatial variability in the configuration of the subglacial drainage system controls ice motion at short timescales, this configuration has negligible impact on the spatial pattern of the proportion of annual motion which occurs during summer. While absolute annual velocities vary substantially, the proportional contribution of summer motion to annual motion does not. These observations suggest that in land‐terminating margins of the GrIS, subglacial hydrology does not significantly influence spatial variations in net summer speedup. Furthermore, our findings imply that not every feature of the subglacial drainage system needs to be resolved in ice sheet models.
A climatology of planetary wave‐driven mesospheric inversion layers in the extratropical winter
Authors: France J. A. , Harvey V. L. , Randall C. E. , Collins R. L. , Smith A. K. , Peck E. D. , Fang X.
Published: December 2014

Mesospheric inversion layers (MILs) are a useful diagnostic to simultaneously investigate middle atmosphere radiation, chemistry, and dynamics in high‐top general circulation models. Climatologies of long‐lived extratropical winter MILs observed by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) satellite instruments are compared to MILs in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). In general, MIL location, amplitude, and thickness statistics in WACCM are in good agreement with the observations, though WACCM middle‐ and high‐latitude winter MILs occur 30%–50% more often than in MLS and SABER. This work suggests that planetary wave‐driven MILs may form as high as 90 km. In the winter, MILs display a wave‐1 pattern in both hemispheres, forming most often over the region where the climatological winter stratospheric anticyclones occur. These MILs are driven by the decay of vertically propagating planetary waves in the mesospheric surf zone in both observations and in the model. At the base of polar inversions there is climatological local ascent and cooling situated atop the stratospheric anticyclones, which enhances the cold base of the MILs near 60 km and 120°E longitude.
Modeling atmospheric longwave radiation at the surface during overcast skies: The role of cloud base height
Authors: Viúdez‐Mora A. , Costa‐Surós M. , Calbó J. , González J. A.
Published: December 2014

The behavior of the atmospheric downward longwave radiation at the surface under overcast conditions is studied. For optically thick clouds, longwave radiation depends greatly on the cloud base height (CBH), besides temperature and water vapor profiles. The CBH determines the cloud emission temperature and the air layers contributing to the longwave radiation that reaches the surface. Overcast situations observed at Girona (NE Iberian Peninsula) were studied by using a radiative transfer model. The data set includes different seasons, and a large range of CBH (0–5000 m). The atmosphere profiles were taken from the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast analysis. The CBH was determined from ceilometer measurements and also estimated by using a suitable method applied to the vertical profile of relative humidity. The agreement between calculations and pyrgeometer measurements is remarkably good (1.6 ± 6.2 W m−2) if the observed CBH is used; poorer results are obtained with the estimated CBH (4.3 ± 7.0 W m−2). These results are better than those obtained from a simple parameterization based upon ground‐level data (1.1 ± 11.6 W m−2), which can be corrected by adding a term that takes into account the CBH (−0.1 ± 7.3 W m−2). At this site, the cloud radiative effect (CRE) at the surface lies in the range 50–80 W m−2, has a clear seasonal behavior (higher CRE in winter), and depends upon the CBH. For the cold and the warm seasons, CRE decreases with CBH at a rate of −5 and −4 W m−2/km, respectively. Results obtained for other climates (subarctic and tropical) are also presented.
Effects of the Hawaiian Islands on the vertical structure of low‐level clouds from CALIPSO lidar
Authors: Liu Jing‐Wu , Xie Shang‐Ping , Zhang Su‐Ping
Published: December 2014

The steady northeast trade winds impinge on the Hawaiian Islands, producing prominent island wakes of multispatial scales from tens to thousands of kilometers. Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) reveal rich three‐dimensional structures of low‐level clouds that are induced by the islands, distinct from the background environment. The cloud frequency peaks between 1.5 and 2.0 km in cloud top elevation over the windward slopes of the islands of Kauai and Oahu due to orographic lifting and daytime island heating. In the nighttime near‐island wake of Kauai, CALIPSO captures a striking cloud hole below 1.6 km as the cold advection from the island suppresses low‐level clouds. The cyclonic eddy of the mechanical wake behind the island of Hawaii favors the formation of low‐level clouds (below 2.5 km), and the anticyclonic eddy suppresses the low‐level cloud formation, indicative of the dynamical effect on the vertical structure of low‐level clouds. In the long Hawaiian wake due to air‐sea interaction, low‐level clouds form over both the warmer and colder waters, but the cloud tops are 400–600 m higher over the warm than the cold waters. In addition, the day‐night differences and the sensitivity of low‐level clouds to the background trade wind inversion height are also studied.
Serial Block Face‐Scanning Electron Microscopy: A Method to Study Retinal Degenerative Phenotypes
Authors: Mustafi Debarshi , Kikano Sandra , Palczewski Krzysztof
Published: December 2014

Retinal degenerative conditions can vary in their clinical features and often present with subtle phenotypic features before the onset of clinically overt disease. To capture these isolated events that precipitate disease, large representative areas of the retina must be imaged at high resolution. Compared to light microscopic methods, traditional electron microscopy can provide images at sufficient resolution to detect subtle pathologic changes in the retina, but are limited to the area being surveyed. The advent of serial block face‐scanning electron microscopy (SBF‐SEM) provides the resolution needed with the unprecedented advantage of imaging large volumes of retinal tissue. Furthermore, automation of SBF‐SEM bypasses errors from manual sectioning and can produce reliable serial sections as thin as 25 nanometers. Moreover, the three‐dimensional structures generated can highlight cellular connectivity and interactions in the retina and reveal pathological changes. Using SBF‐SEM, we have identified subtle phenotypic features in mouse models of various human retinal dystrophies. This method will allow researchers to identify and monitor the time course of these pathologies. This article provides details on SBF‐SEM methodology and its application to mouse models of retinal degeneration. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Autologous stem cell transplantation with in vivo purged progenitor cells shows long‐term efficacy in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma
Authors: Arcaini Luca , Morello Lucia , Tucci Alessandra , Rusconi Chiara , Ladetto Marco , Rattotti Sara , Bonfichi Maurizio , Bottelli Chiara , Gabutti Cristina , Bernasconi Paolo , Varettoni Marzia , Gotti Manuel , Troletti Daniela , Guerrera Maria Luisa , Fiaccadori Valeria , Sciarra Roberta , Ferretti Virginia Valeria , Alessandrino Emilio Paolo , Rossi Giuseppe , Morra Enrica
Published: December 2014

High‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been shown effective in the control of relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma. We evaluate the long‐term outcome of patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma treated with ASCT with in vivo purged progenitors cells. We report the long‐term results of a prospective multicenter phase 2 trial on 124 relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma patients treated with a program of anthracycline‐based debulking chemotherapy, immunochemotherapy, mobilization of in vivo purged PBSC followed by ASCT. Median age was 52 years; 14% of patients had grade 3A histology. Debulking chemotherapy produced CR in 16% and PR in 71%, while 13% of patients progressed. After rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone (R‐COP), CR was obtained in 60% and PR in 35%; 118 patients successfully mobilized PBSC and 117 proceeded to ASCT. The harvest in all the 32 molecularly informative patients was bcl‐2 negative. TRM was 0%. The 5‐year PFS was 54% and the 5‐year OS was 83%. After a median f‐up of 6.7 years (range 1.5–13.6), 54% are still in CR. These data show that prolonged PFS is achievable in relapsed/refractory patients with high dose autologous transplantation of in vivo purged progenitor cells. Am. J. Hematol. 90:230–234, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High dietary diversity supports large group size in Indo‐Chinese gray langurs in Wuliangshan, Yunnan, China
Authors: Pengfei Fan , Garber Paul , Chi Ma , Guopeng Ren , Changming Liu , Xiaoyong Chen , Junxing Yang
Published: December 2014

Identifying ecological factors underlying primate group size has been a central theme in primate behavioral ecology. The ecological constraints model proposes that increased group size leads to enhanced within‐group feeding competition, necessitating increased travel to encounter additional or more productive feeding sites. Over the course of three years, we studied the largest known group (>80 individuals) of Trachypithecus crepusculus (Indo‐Chinese gray langur) for 1738 hours during 213 days (including 96 full day follows) in Wuliangshan, China. During this period, group size increased from 81 individuals to over 90 individuals. The group consumed plant parts from 27 ± 8 (range: 15–51) species per month, and a total 148 plant species during the study. Based on time spent feeding, the diet was similar (54.2% leaves and 32.1% fruit and seeds) to that reported for other colobines. Despite occupying a home range several times larger than other groups of Trachypithecus, we found no evidence of an increase in daily path length with increasing group size, and the group's time budget and daily path length remained relatively constant despite marked monthly changes in dietary pattern (e.g. time spent exploiting fruit and seeds vs. buds and young leaves, vs. mature leaves). These results are inconsistent with many of the predictions of the ecological constraints model. Rather, our data suggest that high dietary diversity and the ability to exploit difficult to digest foods enabled Indo–Chinese gray langurs to reduce opportunities for feeding competition associated with increased group size. Am. J. Primatol. 77:479–491, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
G‐protein–coupled receptor 137 accelerates proliferation of urinary bladder cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Du Yiheng , Bi Wenhuan , Zhang Fei , Wu Wenbo , Xia Shujie , Liu Haitao
Published: December 2014

Urinary bladder cancer is a worldwide concern because of its level of incidence and recurrence. To search an effective therapeutic strategy for urinary bladder cancer, it is important to identify proteins involved in tumorigenesis that could serve as potential targets for diagnosis and treatment. G‐protein–coupled receptors (GPRs) constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate signal transduction pathways and cellular responses inside the cell. GPR137 is a newly discovered human gene encoding orphan GPRs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the physiological role of GPR137 in urinary bladder cancer. The effect of GPR137 on cell growth was examined via an RNA interference (RNAi) lentivirus system in two human urinary bladder cancer cell lines BT5637 and T24. Lentivirus‐mediated RNAi could specifically suppressed GPR137 expression in vitro, resulting in alleviated cell viability and impaired colony formation, as well as blocks G0/G1 and S phases of the cell cycle. These results suggested GPR137 as an essential player in urinary bladder cancer cell growth, and it may serve as a potential target for gene therapy in the treatment of urinary bladder cancer.
Micelle‐enhanced spectrofluorimetric method for determination of lacidipine in tablet form; application to content uniformity testing
Authors: Belal F. , Sharaf EL‐Din M. , Tolba M. M. , Alaa H.
Published: December 2014

A highly sensitive, simple and rapid spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of lacidipine (LCP) in tablets. The proposed method is based on the investigation of the fluorescence spectral behavior of LCP in both sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and the tween‐80 micellar system. In aqueous solutions of acetate buffer (pH 4.5), the fluorescence intensities of LCP were greatly enhanced (ca. 2.4 and 4.3 folds) in the presence of either SDS or tween‐80, respectively. The fluorescence intensity was measured at 444 nm after excitation at 277 nm using either SDS or tween‐80 as a surfactant. The fluorescence–concentration plots were rectilinear over the ranges of 50.0–500.0 ng/ml and 5.0–200.0 ng/ml with lower detection limits of 5.11 and 2.06 ng/ml and lower quantification limits of 17 and 6.87 ng/ml using SDS and tween‐80, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of LCP in commercial tablets and the results were in good agreement with those obtained with the comparison method. Furthermore, content uniformity testing of pharmaceutical tablets was also conducted. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological Components and Bioelectronic Interfaces of Water Splitting Photoelectrodes for Solar Hydrogen Production
Authors: Braun Artur , Boudoire Florent , Bora Debajeet K. , Faccio Greta , Hu Yelin , Kroll Alexandra , Mun Bongjin S. , Wilson Samuel T.
Published: December 2014

Artificial photosynthesis (AP) is inspired by photosynthesis in nature. In AP, solar hydrogen can be produced by water splitting in photoelectrochemical cells (PEC). The necessary photoelectrodes are inorganic semiconductors. Light‐harvesting proteins and biocatalysts can be coupled with these photoelectrodes and thus form bioelectronic interfaces. We expand this concept toward PEC devices with vital bio‐organic components and interfaces, and their integration into the built environment.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Halogen (Cl, Br) on the Symmetry of Flexible Perovskite‐Related Framework.
Authors: Bai Chunyan , Yu Hongwei , Han Shujuan , Pan Shilie , Zhang Bingbing , Wang Ying , Wu Hongping , Yang Zhihua
Published: December 2014

On the basis of the combination of B6O13 groups and XM6 (X: Cl, Br; M: Na, Rb) octahedra, Na3B6O10Cl (I), RbNa2B6O10Cl (II), and RbNa2B6O10Br (III) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Na2CO3, Rb2CO3, NaCl, NaBr, and H3BO3 (Pt crucible, 650—700 °C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Sr‐Poor Part of the Sr—{Pd,Pt}—{Si,Ge} Systems: Phase Equilibria and Crystal Structure of Ternary Phases.
Authors: Romaka V. V. , Falmbigl M. , Grytsiv A. , Rogl P.
Published: December 2014

Phase relations are established by powder XRD and EPMA for the Sr‐poor part of four ternary systems: Sr‐{Pd,Pt}‐Si at 900 °C and Sr‐{Pd,Pt}‐Ge at 700 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformationally Rigid Chiral Bicyclic Skeleton‐Tethered Bipyridine N,N′‐Dioxide as Organocatalyst: Asymmetric Ring Opening of meso‐Epoxides.
Authors: Gnanamani Elumalai , Someshwar Nagamalla , Sanjeevi Jayakumar , Ramanathan Chinnasamy Ramaraj
Published: December 2014

A new conformationally rigid chiral bipyridine N,N′‐dioxide derivative is synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Mediated Debromination of gem‐Bromonitroalkanes under Mild Conditions in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Acurcio Rita C. , Soengas Raquel G. , Silva Artur M. S.
Published: December 2014

The preparation of nitrosugars such as (VII) and (IX) proceeds diastereoselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ru‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Homopropargylic Amines from Alkyl Azides under Photolytic Conditions.
Authors: Jeong Wook , Lee Ji Hyung , Kim Jungjoon , Lee Won Jong , Seong Ju‐Hwa , Park Jaiwook , Rhee Young Ho
Published: December 2014

Synthesis of title compounds is developed, and their versatility is demonstrated by the example of the synthesis of 2,6‐disubstituted 4‐hydroxypiperidine (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Facile Method for Regio‐ and Stereoselective Bromoformyloxylation and Bromoacetoxylation of Olefins Using NH4Br and Oxone®.
Authors: Naresh Mameda , Swamy Peraka , Kumar Macharla Arun , Reddy Marri Mahender , Srujana Kodumuri , Narender Nama
Published: December 2014

A mild and efficient protocol is presented for the synthesis of bromoformates and bromoacetates from various olefins using the corresponding N,N‐dimethylamides as nucleophile sources.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient and Inexpensive Palladium‐Salen Complex for Room Temperature Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction.
Authors: Dewan Anindita
Published: December 2014

A simple and efficient catalytic system based on Pd salen complex for the Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling of various aryl bromides (II) with aryl boronic acids is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano ZnO Promoted Synthesis of 1,3‐Oxazoline‐2‐thione Derivatives.
Authors: Haerizade B. Narjes , Kassaee Mohammad Z.
Published: December 2014

The solvent‐free conditions and the simplicity of the described procedure make it an interesting alternative to more complex multistep approaches.
ChemInform Abstract: A Solvent‐Free Reaction Between Acetophenone Oximes and Epoxy Styrenes: An Efficient Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Triarylpyridines under Neutral Conditions.
Authors: Mahernia Shabnam , Adib Mehdi , Mahdavi Mohammad , Nosrati Meisam
Published: December 2014

The title reaction is advantageous with regards to operational simplicity, high yields and readily available starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Strategy for the Synthesis of Functionalized Aryl‐Fused Azabicyclo[2.2.2]octanes via Radical‐Mediated Cascade Cyclization.
Authors: Malinakova Helena C. , Raikar Sandeep N. , McCormick Lucas F.
Published: December 2014

Phenylidene (IVa) gives exclusively the (Z)‐diastereoisomer, whereas electron rich groups in the arylidene substituent [e.g. (IVb)] afford product mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of Biologically Important Sulfonylmethyl Pyrimidines.
Authors: Blades Kevin , Demeritt Julie , Fillery Shaun , Foote Kevin M. , Greenwood Ryan , Gregson Clare , Hassall Lorraine A. , McGuire Thomas M. , Pike Kurt G. , Williams Emma
Published: December 2014

Two novel strategies for the synthesis of sulfonylmethyl pyrimidines are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Approach to the Synthesis of Coumarin‐Bearing 2,3‐Dihydro‐4(1H)‐quinazolinone Derivatives Using a Piperidine and Molecular Iodine Dual‐Catalyst System.
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Ghanbaripour Rashid , Zhu Long‐Guan
Published: December 2014

The isopropyl and tert‐butyl‐substituted analogues of (II), methyl pivaloylacetate and methyl isobutyrylacetate, fail to form the corresponding quinazoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Redox‐Neutral α‐Sulfenylation of Secondary Amines: Ring‐Fused N,S‐Acetals.
Authors: Jarvis Claire L. , Richers Matthew T. , Breugst Martin , Houk K. N. , Seidel Daniel
Published: December 2014

Secondary amines react with thiosalicylaldehydes in the presence of catalytic amounts of acetic acid to generate ring‐fused N,S‐acetals in redox‐neutral fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversible Frustrated Lewis Pair Addition of N‐Heterocycles to Unsaturated C—C Bonds.
Authors: Dornan Peter K , Longobardi Lauren E. , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: December 2014

Treatment of the analogue of (IV) without the methyl substituent leads to formation of the Lewis adduct as the only product.
ChemInform Abstract: Methanol‐Promoted Borylation of Arylamines: A Simple and Green Synthetic Method to Arylboronic Acids and Arylboronates.
Authors: Zhao Cong‐Jun , Xue Dong , Jia Zhi‐Hui , Wang Chao , Xiao Jianliang
Published: December 2014

The method is applicable to the borylation of arylamines equipped with a large variety of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Myrrhanolide D (I) and Myrrhasin A (II), New Germacrane‐Type Sesquiterpenoids from the Resin of Commiphora opobalsamum
Authors: Shen Tao , Li Guo‐Hui , Zhong Qing‐Qing , Wang Shu‐Qi , Ren Dong‐Mei , Lou Hong‐Xiang , Wang Xiao‐Ning
Published: December 2014

isolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxic activities
ChemInform Abstract: Chloranthones A—D: Minor and Unprecedented Dinor‐Eudesmenes from Chloranthus elatior.
Authors: Liu Shu‐Ting , Xiong Juan , Tang Yu , Wang Wen‐Xuan , Bui Van‐Binh , Ma Guang‐Lei , Huang Ya , Zhao Yun , Yang Guo‐Xun , Hu Jin‐Feng
Published: December 2014

Four new diastereomers of dinor‐eudesmenes, named chloranthones A‐D (Ia)‐(Id), are isolated as minor components from the EtOH extract of the aerial parts of Chloranthus elatior.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Mannopyranosides of Indole Alkaloids from Zanthoxylum nitidum.
Authors: Hu Jiang , Shi Xiaodong , Mao Xia , Chen Jiangang , Li Hui
Published: December 2014

Three new mannopyranosides of indole alkaloids (Ia)‐(Ic) are isolated from the EtOH extract of the roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Compounds from the Leaves of Garcinia polyantha.
Authors: Meli Lannang Alain , Tatsimo Simplice J. N. , Fouotsa Hugues , Dzoyem Jean Paul , Saxena Ajit Kumar , Sewald Norbert
Published: December 2014

The new compound banganxanthone C (I) is isolated from the leaves of Garcinia polyantha together with five known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Fractal Germanium Patterns: Annealing Strategies and Perspectives of Metal‐Induced Crystallization
Authors: Chen Zhiwen , Pan Dengyu , Li Zhen , Jiao Zheng , Wu Minghong , Shek Chan‐Hung , Wu C. M. Lawrence , Lai Joseph K. L.
Published: December 2014

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Expansion in C2/C Pyroxenes: A Review and New High‐Temperature Structural Data for a Pyroxene of Composition (Na0.53Ca0.47) (Al0.53Fe0.47)Si2O6 (Jd53Hd47)
Authors: Tribaudino M. , Mantovani L.
Published: December 2014

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of Heterometallic Platinum Complexes with Non‐Transition Metals. Part III: Heterotetranuclear Complexes
Authors: Melnik Milan , Mikus Peter
Published: December 2014

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Substrate‐Modified Functional Group Reactivity: Hasubanan and Acutumine Alkaloid Syntheses
Authors: King Sandra M. , Herzon Seth B.
Published: December 2014

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization Mediated by Cobalt Complexes: Recent Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Peng Chi‐How , Yang Tsung‐Yao , Zhao Yaguang , Fu Xuefeng
Published: December 2014

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Hybrid Lipid Oligonucleotide: A Versatile Tool for Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Gissot Arnaud , Oumzil Khalid , Patwa Amit , Barthelemy Philippe
Published: December 2014

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regio and Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Polysubstituted 2H‐Pyrroles
Authors: Xie Zuowei
Published: December 2014

Review: 3 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Chemical and Biological Properties of Trifluoromethylated Pyrimidin‐2‐ones(thiones) and Their Fused Analogues
Authors: Shoba Veronika M. , Tkachuk Viktor M. , Sukach Volodymyr A. , Vovk Mykhailo V.
Published: December 2014

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Protein Backbone Engineering as a Strategy to Advance Foldamers Toward the Frontier of Protein‐Like Tertiary Structure
Authors: Reinert Zachary E. , Horne W. Seth
Published: December 2014

Review: [25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Third‐Generation Solar Cells: A Review and Comparison of Polymer:Fullerene, Hybrid Polymer and Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yan Junfeng , Saunders Brian R.
Published: December 2014

Review: 265 refs.
Polyubiquitination of lysine‐48 is an essential but indirect signal for MHC class I antigen processing
Authors: Fiebiger Benjamin M. , Pfister Heike , Behrends Uta , Mautner Josef
Published: December 2014

Peptides presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are generated via cytosolic proteolysis. However, the nature of the endogenous peptide precursors and the intracellular processing steps preceding protein degradation remain poorly defined. Here, we assessed whether ubiquitination is an essential signal for proteasomal cleavage of antigen substrates in human cells. Conversion into antigenic peptides occurred in the absence of any detectable N‐terminal ubiquitination of the model antigens, and did not require the presence of any of the four types, nor a minimum number of ubiquitinatable amino acids within the antigen substrate. However, the knockdown of ubiquitin, expression of a lysine 48 (K48) ubiquitin mutant, or inhibition of proteasome‐associated deubiquitinases significantly impaired antigen presentation. The results presented here are consistent with a model in which the binding of the antigen substrate by an adaptor protein leads to its K48‐polyubiquitination and the subsequent delivery of the antigen cargo for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Altogether, these findings show an important but indirect role of K48‐polyubiquitination in preproteasomal antigen sampling.
Reactivity of Aromatic Phosphorus Heterocycles – Differences Between Nonfunctionalized and Pyridyl‐Substituted 2,4,6‐Triarylphosphinines
Authors: Pfeifer Gregor , Ribagnac Philippe , Le Goff Xavier‐Frédéric , Wiecko Jelena , Mézailles Nicolas , Müller Christian
Published: December 2014

Detailed studies on the reactivity of 2‐(2′‐pyridyl)‐4,6‐diphenylphosphinine (2) towards CF3SO3H and sulfur have been performed, and the results were compared with those for nonfunctionalized 2,4,6‐triphenylphosphinine derivatives. Substantial differences between these heterocycles were observed, and the reaction products could be characterized crystallographically. The reactions of 2,4,6‐triarylphosphinine sulfides with methanol led to different products, which could be characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystal structure analysis. Interestingly, the outcomes of these transformations strongly depend on the presence of an additional donor functionality within the phosphorus heterocycle as well as the nature of the solvent and the reaction temperature. DFT calculations were performed to rationalize the different reaction pathways.