bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HSP22 (HSPB8) positively regulates PGF2α-induced synthesis of interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor in osteoblasts
Authors: Kuroyanagi Gen , Sakai Go , Otsuka Takanobu , Yamamoto Naohiro , Fujita Kazuhiko , Kawabata Tetsu , Matsushima-Nishiwaki Rie , Kozawa Osamu , Tokuda Haruhiko
Published: June 2020

Background: Heat shock protein 22 (HSP22) belongs to class I of the small HSP family that displays ubiquitously expression including in osteoblasts. We previously demonstrated that prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), a potent bone remodeling factor, induces the synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and p38 MAP kinase in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated whether HSP22 is implicated in the PGF2α-induced synthesis of IL-6 and VEGF, and the mechanism in MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods: MC3T3-E1 cells were transfected with HSP22-siRNA. IL-6 and VEGF release was assessed by ELISA. Phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase and p38 MAP kinase was detected by Western blotting. Results: The PGF2α-induced release of IL-6 in HSP22 knockdown cells was significantly suppressed compared with that in the control cells. HSP22 knockdown also reduced the VEGF release by PGF2α. Phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase and p38 MAP kinase was attenuated by HSP22 down-regulation. Conclusions: Our results strongly suggest that HSP22 acts as a positive regulator in the PGF2α-induced synthesis of IL-6 and VEGF in osteoblasts.
Self-Determination Theory Interventions Versus Usual Care in People With Diabetes: A Protocol for a Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Mathiesen Anne Sophie , Rothmann Mette Juel , Zoffmann Vibeke , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Gluud Christian , Lindschou Jane , Due-Christensen Mette , Rasmussen Bodil , Marqvorsen Emilie , Thomsen Thordis
Published: June 2020

Background Existing self-management and behavioural interventions for diabetes vary widely in their content, and their sustained long-term effectiveness is uncertain. Autonomy supporting interventions may be a prerequisite to achieve ‘real life’ patient engagement and more long-term improvement through shared decision making and collaborative goal setting. This is the goal of self-determination theory and guided self-determination interventions. Self-determination theory has been reviewed but without assessing both benefits and harms and accounting for the risk of random errors using trial sequential analysis. The guided self-determination has not yet been systematically reviewed. The aim of this protocol is to investigate the benefits and harms of self-determination theory-based interventions versus usual care in adults with diabetes.Methods/design We will conduct the systematic review following The Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. This protocol is reported according to the PRISMA checklist. A comprehensive search will be undertaken in the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, PsycINFO, SCI-EXPANDED, CINAHL, SSCI, CPCI-S, and CPCI-SSH to identify relevant trials. We will include randomised clinical trials assessing interventions theoretically based on guided self-determination or self-determination theory provided face-to-face or digitally by any health care professional in any setting. The primary outcomes will be quality of life, mortality, and serious adverse events. The secondary will be diabetes distress, depressive symptoms, and adverse events not considered serious. Exploratory outcome will be glycated haemoglobin. Outcomes will be assessed at the end of the intervention and at maximum follow-up. The analyses will be performed using Stata version 16 and Trial Sequential Analysis. Two authors will independently screen, extract data from, and perform risk of bias assessment of included studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Certainty of the evidence will be assessed by GRADE.Discussion Self-determination theory interventions aim to promote a more autonomous patient engagement and are commonly used. It is therefore needed to evaluate the benefit and harms according to existing trials. Systematic review registration The protocol has been registered in PROSPERO ID nr. 181144 (submitted to PROSPERO 24th April 2020)
Quantitative visualization of photosynthetic pigments in tea leaves based on Raman spectroscopy and calibration model transfer
Authors: Zeng Jianjun , Zhang Shuai , Luo Wei , Sha Junjing , Huang Yifeng , Liu Xuemei , Zhan Baishao , Zhang Hailiang , Li Xiaoli
Published: June 2020

Background: Photosynthetic pigments participating in the absorption, transformation and transfer of light energy play a very important role in plant growth. While, the spatial distribution of foliar pigments is an important indicator of environmental stress, such as pests, diseases and heavy metal stress. Results: In this paper, in situ quantitative visualization of chlorophyll and carotenoid was realized by combining the Raman spectroscopy with calibration model transfer, and a laboratory Raman spectral model was successfully extended to a portable field spectral measurement. Firstly, a nondestructive and fast model for determination of chlorophyll and carotenoid in tea leaf was established based on confocal micro-Raman spectrometer in the laboratory. Then the spectral model was extended to a real-time foliar map scanning spectra of a field portable Raman spectrometer through calibration model transfer, and the spectral variation between the confocal micro-Raman spectrometer in the laboratory and the portable Raman spectrometer were effectively corrected by the direct standardization (DS) algorithm. The portable map scanning Raman spectra of the tea leaves after the model transfer were got into the established quantitative determination model to predict the concentration of photosynthetic pigments at each pixel of the tea leaves. The predicted photosynthetic pigments concentration of each pixel was imaged to illustrate the distribution map of foliar pigments. Statistical analysis showed that the predicted pigment contents were highly correlated with the real contents. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the Raman spectroscopy was applicable for in situ, non-destructive and rapid quantitative detecting and imaging of photosynthetic pigment concentration in tea leaves, and the spectral detection model established based on the laboratory Raman spectrometer can be applied to a portable field spectrometer for quantitatively imaging of the foliar pigments.
Comparison of different bacteriological testing strategies and factors for bacteriological confirmation among pulmonary TB patients: a retrospective study in Tianjin, China, 2017-2018
Authors: Zhang Guoqin , Zhang Yuhua , Chen Mingting , Zhang Fan
Published: June 2020

Background
Bacteriological confirmation rate among notified pulmonary TB patients in China is among the lowest in the world. This study was to understand the yield of bacteriological confirmation using different testing strategies and patient-level factors associated with bacteriological confirmation among pulmonary TB patients in Tianjin, China between 2017 and 2018.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted, enrolling pulmonary TB patients reported to National TB Information Management System (TIMS) in Tianjin during 2017–2018. Bacteriological confirmation was defined as a positive result by any of the followings: smear microscopy, culture, or nucleic acid amplification test. Individual characteristics were compared between patients with positive and negative bacteriological results using contingency tables and χ2 test. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to analyze factors associated with bacteriological confirmation, calculating adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) (α = 0.05).
Results
Of 6,364 reported patients, 4,181 (65.7%) were bacteriologically confirmed. Positivity proportion was 43.1% (2,746/6,364) for smear microscopy, 57.7% (3,380/5,853) for culture, 61.7% (1,608/2,605) for Xpert MTB/RIF and 73.4% (1,824/2,484) for combination of the three. Occupation as un-employed (aOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-2.2) and a farmer (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.8) compared with a student; diagnosis by inpatient hospitals compared with TB clinics (aOR = 3.4, 95% CI: 2.6–4.4); delay ≥ 2 weeks for TB care (aOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1–1.8); cough (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.8–2.8); blood sputum (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-2.2); cavitation on chest X-ray (OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 2.5–4.3); bilateral lung lobes affected (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.4–2.2) were factors associated with bacteriological confirmation.
Conclusions
Combination tests was an effective way to improve bacteriological confirmation among pulmonary TB patients. Being unemployed, farmers, delay for TB care, and more severe in TB condition were factors associated with bacteriological confirmation among the patients. We recommend combination of bacteriological tests and sputum collection intervention to improve bacteriological confirmation for pulmonary TB patients, especially who are in early stage of the disease or with conditions tend to be bacteriologically negative.
Detection of Subclinical Skin Manifestation in Patients With Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis by Fluorescence Optical Imaging
Authors: Schmidt Angelique , Glimm Anne-Marie , Haugen Ida Kristin , Hoff Paula , Schmittat Gabriela , Burmester Gerd Ruediger , Klotsche Jens , Ohrndorf Sarah
Published: June 2020

Objectives:To investigate the frequency of subclinical skin inflammation in both hands by fluorescence optical imaging (FOI) in patients with psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis (Pso/PsA) vs. rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy individuals, and to correlate these findings with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors.Patients and Methods:The FOI scans were analyzed retrospectively to detect clinically invisible skin enhancement (0-3 scale) in both hands without relationship to underlying joints or blood vessels. We further characterized the FOI patterns and sorted the scans into groups based on the assumed diagnosis (Pso/PsA, RA and healthy controls), which was compared with the physician’s diagnosis. Furthermore, the associations between CV risk factors and imaging findings were investigated by regression analyses.Results:We included FOI scans of patients with Pso/PsA (n=80), RA (n=78) and healthy controls (n=25). Subclinical skin enhancement on the back of their hands was more common in Pso/PsA (72.5%) than in RA patients (20.5%) and healthy individuals (28.0%) (p<0.001). Based on the FOI pattern, the majority of patients with Pso/PsA (72.5%), RA (76.9%) and healthy controls (68.0%) were classified correctly using the physician-based diagnosis as reference (overall agreement of 74%, kappa=0.57). No CV risk factors except body weight (kg) was associated with subclinical skin enhancement (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06; p<0.001).Conclusion:Subclinical subdermal skin inflammation was common in Pso/PsA patients using FOI. Based on the FOI pattern, most patients with Pso/PsA and were classified with the correct diagnosis. We demonstrated an important influence of the body weight on our FOI results. FOI may be a helpful novel tool to study microcirculation in rheumatic diseases with skin involvement.
Prophylactic domain-based vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, causative agent of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pourseif Mohammad Mostafa , Parvizpour Sepideh , Jafari Behzad , Dehghani Jaber , Naghili Behrooz , Omidi Yadollah
Published: June 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is undoubtedly the most challenging pandemic in the current century with more than 253,381 deaths worldwide since its emergence in late 2019 (updated May 6th, 2020). COVID-19 is caused by a novel emerged coronavirus named as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Today, the world needs crucially to develop a prophylactic vaccine scheme for such emerged and emerging infectious pathogens. In this study, we have targeted spike (S) glycoprotein, as an important surface antigen of SARS-CoV-2, to identify its immunodominant B- and T-cell epitopes. We have conducted a multi-method B-cell epitope (BCE) prediction approach using different predictor algorithms to discover most potential BCEs. Besides, we sought among a pool of MHC class I and II-associated peptide binders provided by the IEDB server through the strict cut-off values. To design a broad-coverage vaccine, we carried out a population coverage analysis for a set of candidate T-cell epitopes and based on the HLA allele frequency in the top most-affected countries by COVID-19 (update 02 April 2020). The final determined B- and T-cell epitopes were mapped on the S glycoprotein sequence, and three potential hub regions covering the largest number of overlapping epitopes were identified for the vaccine designing (I531–N711; T717–C877; and V883–E973). Here, we have designed two domain-based constructs to be produced and delivered through the recombinant protein- and gene-based approaches, including (i) an adjuvanted domain-based protein vaccine construct (DPVC), and (ii) a self-amplifying mRNA vaccine (SAMV) construct. The safety, stability, and immunogenicity of the DPVC were validated using the integrated sequential (i.e. allergenicity, autoimmunity, and physicochemical features) and structural (i.e. molecular docking between the vaccine and human Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 4 and 5) analysis. The stability of the docked complexes was evaluated using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. These rigorous in silico validations supported the potential of the DPVC and SAMV to promote both innate and specific immune responses in the animal studies.
Fast automated detection of COVID-19 from medical images using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Liang Shuang , Liu Huixiang , Gu Yu , Guo Xiuhua , Li Hongjun , Li Li , Wu Zhiyuan , Liu Mengyang , Tao Lixin
Published: June 2020

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that poses significant health risks. The sensitivity of diagnostic tests for COVID-19 is low due to irregularities in the handling of the specimens. We propose a deep learning framework that identifies COVID-19 from medical images as an effective auxiliary testing method to improve diagnostic sensitivity. We use pseudo-coloring methods and a platform for annotating X-ray and computed tomography (CT) images to train and evaluate the convolutional neural network (CNN). The CNN achieves a performance similar to that of experts and provides high scores for multiple statistical indices, with F1 scores above 96% and specificity over 99%. Heatmaps are used to visualize the salient features extracted by the CNN. The CNN-based regression provides strong correlations between the lesion areas in the images and five clinical indicators, improving the interpretation accuracy of the classification framework. The proposed method represents a potential computer-aided diagnosis method for COVID-19 in clinical practice.
The exact place of PCR and chest CT in screening, staging, and diagnosis of Covid-19: A meta-analysis
Authors: Khatami Fatemeh , Saatchi Mohammad , Zadeh Seyed Saeed Tamehri , Aghamir Zahra Sadat , Shabestari Alireza Namazi , Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Nowadays there is an ongoing acute respiratory outbreak causing by the novel highly contagious coronavirus (nCoV). There are two diagnostic protocol based on chest CT scan and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) which their diagnostic accuracy is under the debate. We designed this meta-analysis study to determine the diagnostic value of initial chest CT scan in patients with nCoV infection in comparison with RT- PCR.Search strategy and statistical analysis: Three main databases the PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and EMBASE was systematically searched for all published literatures from January 1st, 2019, to the 27th march 2020 with key grouping of “COVID19 virus”, “2019 novel coronavirus”, “Wuhan coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, “X-Ray Computed Tomography”, “Polymerase Chain Reaction”, “Reverse Transcriptase PCR”, and “PCR Reverse Transcriptase”. All relevant case- series, cross-sectional, and cohort studies were selected. Data extraction was done in Excel 2007 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, CA) and their analysis was performed using STATA v.14.0SE (College Station, TX, USA) and RevMan 5.Result: From first recruited 668 articles we end up to the final 47 studies, which comprised a total sample size of 4238 patients. In compare to RT-PCR, the overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chest CT scan were 86% (95% CI: 83% -90%), 43 % (95% CI: 26% -60%), 67% (95% CI: 57% -78%), and 84% (95% CI: 74% -95%) respectively. However the RT-PCR should be repeated for three times in order to give the 99% accuracy especially in negative samples.Conclusion: According to the acceptable sensitivity of chest CT scan, it can be employed complement to RT-PCR to diagnosis patients who are clinically suspicious for nCoV.
Mathematical model of COVID-19 intervention scenarios for São Paulo- Brazil
Authors: Neto Osmar Pinto , Reis José Clark , Brizzi Ana Carolina Brisola , Zambrano Gustavo José , de Souza Joabe Marcos , Pedroso Wellington Amorim , Pedreiro Rodrigo Cunha de Mello , Brizzi Bruno de Matos , Abinade Ellysson Oliveira , Kennedy Deanna M. , Zângaro Renato Amaro
Published: June 2020

An epidemiological compartmental model was used to simulate social distancing strategies to contain the COVID-19 pandemic and prevent a second wave in São Paulo, Brazil. Optimization using genetic algorithm was used to determine the optimal solutions. Our results suggest the best-case strategy for São Paulo is to maintain or increase the current magnitude of social distancing for at least 60 more days and increase the current levels of personal protection behaviors by a minimum of 10% (e.g., wearing facemasks, proper hand hygiene and avoid agglomeration). Followed by a long-term oscillatory level of social distancing with a stepping-down approach every 80 days over a period of two years with continued protective behavior.
ELEMENTS OF VISUAL IDENTIFICATION IN BRAND PRESENTATION
Authors: Mikhieieva Lesia
Published: June 2020

The analysis of modern literary sources demonstrates that studying of visual identification elements is considered by authors of scientific researches in the aspect of their use for business-structures. Specific sectors of human activity and the art sphere are either ignored or not taken into account. But some art spheres have their own specific peculiarities that can add design theory by the new view on a series of classic definitions and paradigms.

The article considers visual identification elements in the classic design theory and additional visual identification elements on the example of a genre sphere of human activity in music art. The problem arose at describing visual identification elements of music groups that influence the formation of their brand. There are determined several visual identification elements, inherent to creative groups, working in the sphere of audiovisual art.

The tasks, set at the research:

– analysis of literary sources in the research problem;

– analysis of visual materials for revealing certain signs;

– determination of additional visual identification elements, inherent to creative groups, working in the sphere of audiovisual art;

– brief description of obtained results.

Research methods: review of literary data in the topic; collection of a sampling of designs objects; observation and comparison of design objects from the collected material.

Results: there are offered additional visual identification elements of the thematic activity spheres in music art.

Scientific novelty: an ordered list of visual identification elements, both common and additional, used for brand creation.

Practical importance: the offered list of graphic identification elements may be used in scientific studies; in the learning process at studying the research topic at preparing learning and methodical manuals in graphic design.
Beta transmuted Lomax distribution with applications
Authors: Hurairah Ahmed , Alabid Abdelhakim
Published: June 2020

In this paper we propose and test a composite generalizer of the Lomax distribution .The genesis of the beta distribution and transmuted map is used to develop the so-called beta transmuted Lomax (BTL) distribution. The properties of the distribution are discussed and explicit expressions are derived for the moments, mean deviations, quantiles, distribution of order statistics and reliability. The maximum likelihood method is used for estimating the model parameters, and the finite sample performance of the estimators is assessed by simulation. Finally, the authors demonstrate the usefulness of the new distribution in analysing positive data.
The positional MEF-TOPSIS method for the assessment of complex economic phenomena in territorial units
Authors: Łuczak Aleksandra , Just Małgorzata
Published: June 2020

In this paper, the authors propose a new methodological approach to the construction of a synthetic measure, where the objects are described by variables with strong asymmetry and extreme values (outliers). Even a single extreme value (very large or very small) of a variable for the object may significantly affect the attribution of an excessively high or low rank in the final ranking of objects. This dependence is particularly apparent when using the classical TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method. The aim of the study is to present the application potential of the positional MEF-TOPSIS method for the assessment of the level of development of complex economic phenomena for territorial units. In the positional TOPSIS method, the application of the spatial median of Oja, which limits the impact of strong asymmetry, is proposed. In order to weaken the influence of extreme values, the Mean Excess Function (MEF) is used, by means of which it is possible to identify the limits of extreme values and establish model objects. The proposed approach is used to assess the financial self-sufficiency of Polish municipalities in 2016. The study finally compares the results of applications of positional MEF-TOPSIS and the classic and positional TOPSIS methods.
Factors affecting accrual accounting reform and transparency of performance in the public sector in Vietnam
Authors: Thi Thanh Phuong-Nguyen , Thanh Hai-Phan , Thanh Tung-Nguyen , Thi Thuy Tien-Vo
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to determine the factors and their influence on accrual accounting reform in the public sector in Vietnam. Combining qualitative and quantitative research methods based on empirical surveys of 268 accountants, controllers, and auditors working in state agencies such as the Department of Finance, state treasuries and agencies receiving revenues from the state budget in 2019. This study shows that six factors influence the reform of the accounting system in the public sector in Vietnam to accrual-based: accounting staff – especially their expertise, competence, and work experience; training and support of the consulting experts; costs of the accounting reform; level of information technology application; funding and assistance from international organizations; legal environment.At the same time, the accrual-based accounting reform will have a positive impact on improving the transparency and efficiency of public sector operations in Vietnam. Among the factors affecting accounting reform, the legal environment factor is the most influential determinant, followed by the contingent of accountants. The study’s limitation is that the new experimental investigation is only conducted with a small sample size and in a short period. However, the research results are also a useful reference for those who are interested in the context that Vietnam is preparing to have strong reforms in accounting in the public sector in the coming time.
Optimization and modelling of mahua oil biodiesel using RSM and genetic algorithm techniques
Authors: Kolakoti Aditya , Jha Panchanand , Mosa Prakasa Rao , Mahapatro Manohar , Kotaru Tulasi Ganesh
Published: June 2020

In this present investigation, four important process parameters of catalyst concentration, molar ratio, reaction time, and reaction temperature were studied and optimized using Box Behnken assisted response surface method (RSM) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) to achieve the maximum mahua oil biodiesel yield. For this purpose, 27 experiments were conducted randomly based on the design matrix using statistical software MiniTab®2019. A maximum yield of 91.32 % is achieved in RSM, catalyst concentration and reaction time are identified as influence parameters in biodiesel yield. GA modelling show an improvement of 4.96 % in biodiesel yield compared to RSM approach. Both techniques are successfully tested in prediction and modelling the biodiesel yield from mahua oil. The obtained biodiesel from the transesterification process is blended with standard diesel fuel at various proportions (B10 to B90) and tested for different fuel properties. All the biodiesel blends are observed within the limits of international standards of ASTMD-6751 and EN-14214. The results indicate that the chosen models are highly accurate in achieving maximum biodiesel yield and mahua biodiesel is recommended as the best alternative fuel to diesel engines without any major modifications in the engine design.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Benzimidazolyl Pyrimido [4, 5- b] Quinolinones
Authors: Prasoona Gumpula , Kishore Baireddy , Brahmeshwari Gavaji
Published: June 2020

As infectious diseases causing bacteria and fungi are developing resistance to existing antimicrobial
drugs, it is necessary to search for new drug targets with different structures and modes of action.
Hence, it is essential to screen for new antimicrobial drugs with good efficacy and less toxicity. The reaction
of 2-amino benzimidazoles 1 with ethyl cyanoacetate 2 afforded N-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-
cyanoacetamides 3. Compounds 3 on Knoevenagel condensation with o-nitro benzaldehydes 4 produced
(E)-N-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-cyano-3-(2-nitrophenol) acylamides 5. Compounds 5 were converted
to 2-amino -N-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) quinoline-3-carboxamides 6 on treatment with stannous
chloride by reductive cyclization. The target compounds viz., 3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-
methylpyrimido [4, 5-b] quinolin-4(3H)-ones 7 were obtained by N-acetylation followed by cyclodehydration
of compounds 6 in situ by treatment with acetic anhydride. 3-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-
methylpyrimido [4, 5-b] quinolin-4(3H)-ones 7 have been synthesized from commercially available
materials in excellent yields. The title compounds 7a-h are evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity.
Compounds 7e, 7f and 7h have shown more antimicrobial activity than that of standard drugs. The
structures of all the newly synthesized compounds 3, 5, 6 & 7 are confirmed on the basis of spectral data.
Antimicrobial studies of compounds 7a-h have revealed that compounds 7e and 7f have more efficient
activity when compared to the standard drugs.
Preclinical Assessment of a Cartridge-Based Flow-Through Assay for Determination of Adult CD4 T-Cell Count
Authors: Bystryak Simon , Acharya Chitrangada , Dobiszewski Kyle , Zhu Hongying , Bandwar Rajiv P.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Despite the emphasis on viral load testing, current HIV testing guidelines consider CD4 T-cell count measurement as an important criterion for assessing disease progression, making decisions about anti-retroviral therapy regime changes, and treating HIV infected individuals with opportunistic infections. The CD4 counting by established methods (e.g., flow cytometry) presents challenges not only in resource-scarce settings due to cost and lack of skilled technicians but also in resource-rich areas where it is limited to centralized facilities.

Objective:

Current options for Point-Of-Care (POC) CD4 enumeration are few and labor-intensive, prompting the need for newer technological methods that can overcome the aforementioned challenges.

Methods:

The novel and patented flow-through cell counting assay (FTCA) described previously (Bystryak et al., 2019) was developed further into a point-of-care CD4 testing system using a disposable cartridge device and a portable imaging instrument. A pilot study with ~100 samples using this device was conducted to assess the validity of FTCA as a POC test for the measurement of CD4 count.

Results:

The FTCA signal was found to be linear over a wide range (17 - 1540 cells/μL) of CD4 T-cell concentration. The FTCA method also exhibits a strong agreement with flow cytometry, with very low bias (− 7 cells/μL) towards CD4 count measurement.

Conclusion:

The cartridge-based FTCA method has great potential to be a fully quantitative method with low complexity, portability, low-cost, and wide applicability in clinical practice.
Profiling the context of natural history teacher candidate for the elementary school degree through web-based inquiry
Authors: Dewi Pramita Sylvia , Rochintaniawati Diana , Parsaoran Siahaan
Published: June 2020

Web-Based Inquiry is an important inquiry activity to be carried out in class, the inquiry becomes the basis for researchers to develop this research. The ability of ICT-based learning is an important part, as a basis for the use of Web-Based Inquiry, which is characterized by being able to operate the entire information of ICT-based learning inquiry. This study aims to describe the ability of ICT information and provide initial information for the needs of Web-Based Inquiry. Purposive sampling is used to determine the number of samples, thus involving 66 students in the 2019 Batch at the University of Lampung. The data collection instrument used was a questionnaire for inquiry (ICT-Based Learning), the data was then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the largest data in the percentage of use of internet access devices, even though the score was in a low category (under 25%). The implications of this study indicate that prospective elementary school natural science teachers do not yet have the best awareness and innovation when combining learning and the use of ICT through ways that are more easily understood by students.
Migration of Croatian physicians in the global context
Authors: Gruber Ema , Knez Rajna , Martic Biocina Sanja , Starcevic Branka , Moravek Davor , Musovic Martina , Sarajlic Vukovic Iris
Published: June 2020

As the global health care workforce faces a shortage, several EU nations
focus on employing foreign-trained physicians. So much so, that in some
countries of the EU, the percentage of foreign-trained physicians has reached 30 % and the percentage of foreign-trained psychiatrists has risen to 40 %. After Croatia entered the EU, together with a significant
number of other Croatian citizens, a great proportion of Croatian physicians emigrated. Currently, Croatia is among the three EU countries
from which the most physicians emigrate. There are both economic and non-economic factors that are influence individuals’ choice to emigrate.
Benefits of emigration for Croatian physicians are high satisfaction with life standard, income, professional development, and better work conditions. However, there are also clear psychological costs involved, which hinder both the emigrants and their families, and make building of
a social network and integration into society difficult. These are: moving away from family members, friends and a familiar environment, mastering another language, finding work opportunities for partners, adjusting to life in another country under discrimination by colleagues,
patients and the general public. Countries of immigration face challenges with foreign-trained physicians because of their native linguistic and cultural background. Language proficiency training and national familiarization programs can improve integration of immigrant physicians and their families. In recognition that national skill shortages can cause disbalance on a global level, the WHO calls on high-income countries to strive for self-sufficiency, through educating,
retaining, and sustaining enough physicians to staff their own health care systems.
The Impact of Institutional Abstinence from Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD): A Qualitative Study Protocol For Understanding Patient Transfer Journeys (Preprint)
Authors: Knox Michelle
Published: June 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Many healthcare institutions in Canada currently decline to provide medical assistance in
dying (MAID) on-site for religious or moral reasons. If patients receiving medical care at such
institutions request MAiD, they need to be transferred elsewhere in order to access this
important medical service and Charter-protected legal right. The process places additional
burdens—in terms of seeking information and support, navigating the health system, and
communicating with health professionals—on vulnerable patients who are already battling
grievous illness and psychological distress. While anecdotes relating to the issue occasionally
appear in the press, there is very little systematic evidence on the experiences of patients and
families who make this critical transition in care. This study aims to fill this vital knowledge gap
by mapping the MAiD access trajectories of patients and families at MAiD-abstaining
institutions. Through a combination of textual analysis (media sources and institutional grey
literature) and in-depth interviews (with patients, families, policymakers, and health
professionals), this project will generate evidence on how patients and families interact with
healthcare institutions and professionals; where they seek information; who they turn to for
support and decision-making; what alternative routes they choose when faced with barriers;
and where key resources to support their transfer journeys are located. Utilizing the Patient
Engagement Framework suggested by the Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR),
this study will involve patients and families—across all stages of its research design—for: (i)
informing the socio-ethical debate on institutional MAiD-abstinence; (ii) identifying gaps in
MAiD service delivery, and (iii) making policy recommendations for equitable access to MAiD.
Behavior Change Techniques in Wrist-Worn Wearables to Promote Physical Activity: Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Düking Peter , Tafler Marie , Wallmann-Sperlich Birgit , Sperlich Billy , Kleih Sonja
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

Decreasing levels of physical activity (PA) increase the incidences of noncommunicable diseases, obesity, and mortality. To counteract these developments, interventions aiming to increase PA are urgently needed. Mobile health (mHealth) solutions such as wearable sensors (wearables) may assist with an improvement in PA.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to examine which behavior change techniques (BCTs) are incorporated in currently available commercial high-end wearables that target users’ PA behavior.

METHODS

The BCTs incorporated in 5 different high-end wearables (Apple Watch Series 3, Garmin Vívoactive 3, Fitbit Versa, Xiaomi Amazfit Stratos 2, and Polar M600) were assessed by 2 researchers using the BCT Taxonomy version 1 (BCTTv1). Effectiveness of the incorporated BCTs in promoting PA behavior was assessed by a content analysis of the existing literature.

RESULTS

The most common BCTs were goal setting (behavior), action planning, review behavior goal(s), discrepancy between current behavior and goal, feedback on behavior, self-monitoring of behavior, and biofeedback. Fitbit Versa, Garmin Vívoactive 3, Apple Watch Series 3, Polar M600, and Xiaomi Amazfit Stratos 2 incorporated 17, 16, 12, 11, and 11 BCTs, respectively, which are proven to effectively promote PA.

CONCLUSIONS

Wearables employ different numbers and combinations of BCTs, which might impact their effectiveness in improving PA. To promote PA by employing wearables, we encourage researchers to develop a taxonomy specifically designed to assess BCTs incorporated in wearables. We also encourage manufacturers to customize BCTs based on the targeted populations.
Media Ethnography in Diasporic Communities
Authors: Widjanarko Putut
Published: June 2020

Media and communication technology plays a crucial role in diasporic communities by helping members to maintain complex connections with their places of origin, and at the same time to live their life in the diaspora. The social interactions, belief systems, identity struggles, and the daily life of diasporic communities are indeed reflected in their media consumption and production. A researcher can apply media ethnography to uncover some of the deeper meanings of diasporic experiences. However, a researcher should not take media ethnographic methods lightly since a variety of issues must be addressed to justify its use as a legitimate approach. This article examines various forms of media ethnographic fieldwork (multi-sited ethnography), issues related to researching one’s own community (native ethnography), and the debates surrounding duration of immersion in ethnography research within the context of diasporic communities. Careful consideration of such issues is also necessary to establish the “ethnographic authority” of the researcher.
Mediated, Evidence-Informed Practice as Impact
Authors: Malin Joel R.
Published: June 2020

This study presents a conceptualization of mediated, evidence-informed practice as a form of impact within the education context, then examines whether and how a particular intermediary organization, Edutopia, is having such an impact. Extant open- and closed-ended survey data are analyzed. Survey respondents routinely reported using content hosted or featured by Edutopia in their professional practice, and provided specific insights regarding how they were doing so. These findings provide strong evidence that an educational intermediary can variously impact educators’ practices. The study provides a conceptualization and model that may be useful for other intermediaries and for scholars who are interested in examining impact and knowledge mobilization.
Caracterización de la leche y queso artesanal de la región de Ojos Negros Baja California, México.
Authors: Silva-Paz Laura E. , Medina-Basulto Gerardo E. , López-Valencia Gilberto , Montaño-Gómez Martin F. , Villa-Angulo Rafael , Herrera Ramírez José C. , González-Silva Ana L. , Monge-Navarro Francisco , Cueto-González Sergio A. , Felipe-García Gerardo
Published: June 2020

La comunidad de Ojos Negros está ubicada en el municipio de Ensenada Baja California, México. Desde 1930, los residentes locales fabrican un queso artesanal muy apreciado en la región; sin embargo, la leche cruda y el queso nunca han sido analizados por la calidad microbiológica y de higiene del producto final. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la calidad microbiológica, física y química de la leche cruda utilizada para producir queso y el queso artesanal producido en las 22 unidades de producción individuales. Se tomaron muestras de queso y leche de las unidades de producción para realizar pruebas microbiológicas. Se realizaron determinaciones físicas y químicas de proteínas, grasas y lactosa utilizando un analizador LACTOSCAN-S. Los resultados del análisis de la leche mostraron un contenido de proteína (33,11 g/l) y grasa (39,89 g/l) dentro de los parámetros de la normatividad. Para la calidad microbiológica de la leche, los resultados del recuento de mesófilos aeróbicos mostraron un cumplimiento del 64% con las regulaciones; sin embargo, el mismo conteo de mesófilos aeróbicos en las muestras de queso resultó en solo el 4% de cumplimiento con las regulaciones. No hubo detección de Salmonella spp. o Listeria monocytogenes en cualquiera de las muestras de leche o de queso probadas. Se deben incorporar buenas prácticas sanitarias y de fabricación para mejorar la calidad sanitaria y de higiene para la producción de queso artesanal en la comunidad de Ojos Negros.
Inclusión de harina de Tithonia diversifolia en raciones para gallinas ponedoras de primer ciclo y su efecto sobre la pigmentación de yema de huevo
Authors: Carranco-Jáuregui María Elena , Barrita-Ramírez Vilma , Fuente-Martínez Benjamín , Ávila-González Ernesto , Sanginés-García Leonor
Published: June 2020

Una consideración importante para la población mexicana es la pigmentación de la yema de huevo, siendo importante adicionar carotenoides en la dieta de las aves, lo que hace necesario explorar fuentes alternas que aporten pigmentos a los ya utilizados en la industria avícola, por lo que la harina de Tithonia diversifolia puede ser una alternativa viable de carotenoides. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de incluir harina de Tithonia diversifolia (HTD) en dietas para gallinas ponedoras sobre variables productivas y color en yema de huevo. Se llevaron a cabo dos ensayos: 1) 3 semanas solo con xantofilas amarillas de HTD y 2) siguientes 3 semanas con HTD + xantofilas rojas. Un total de 240 gallinas se distribuyeron en cinco tratamientos: testigo; 1.77; 5; 10 y 15% de HTD. Se midieron: porcentaje postura, peso huevo, consumo alimento, conversión alimentaria y masa de huevo. Al finalizar cada ensayo se tomaron 20 huevos/tratamiento midiendo el color de yema con abanico DSM, colorimetría de reflectancia y cuantificación de xantofilas (HPLC). Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar y las diferencias entre medias por prueba de Tukey. El peso de huevo y la conversión alimenticia no mostraron diferencias entre tratamientos (P>0,05). Porcentaje de postura y masa de huevo (10 y 15% HTD) y consumo de alimento (15% HTD) fueron menores al testigo (P<0,05). El color de yema fue más intenso para 10 y 15 % de HTD. Se concluye que HTD puede ser alternativa como pigmento amarillo hasta un 10 % de inclusión sin afectar variables productivas.
A avaliação discente na graduação médica: possibilidades e desafios
Authors: Pott Eveline Tonelotto Barbosa , Junior Henrique Pott
Published: June 2020

As reflexões acerca da formação médica vêm ganhando destaque nos últimos anos, em especial pelo desafio de formar um profissional que seja capaz de atender as demandas sociais e técnicas. Neste cenário, um tema que não pode ser deixado de lado é a importância da avaliação discente como aspecto fundamental no processo de formação. Sendo assim, este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura, buscando sintetizar as evidências encontradas sobre a avaliação discente na graduação médica, destacando suas possibilidades e tendências pedagógicas. Na análise apresentada, é possível considerar que a temática da avaliação na área médica é recente, mas vem ganhando destaque no âmbito científico. No entanto, necessita-se de maiores investigações, em especial com relação ao impacto da implementação de novas propostas avaliativas sobre alunos e professores.Palavras-chave: Avaliação educacional. Educação médica. Educação de graduação em medicina.
Avaliação de políticas públicas e metodologias participativas: potencialidades para compreensão dos impactos de um programa habitacional
Authors: Campos Mariana De Lima , Resende Tamiris Cristhina
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o método de pesquisa empregado em uma pesquisa realizada em conjuntos habitacionais do Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida (PMCMV) de Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Inicialmente, a pesquisa buscou avaliar os resultados do Trabalho Social realizado a partir dos processos de representação e ressignificação dos beneficiários sobre o espaço habitado e os eixos abordados nas ações propostas de intervenção do programa. O método de pesquisa adotado privilegiou uma perspectiva qualitativa e metodologias participativas e evidenciou suas potencialidades para uma compreensão mais ampla dos resultados do programa considerando a realidade habitacional vivenciada pela população beneficiada em âmbito local. A partir da avaliação realizada foi possível tecer observações sobre a realidade dos conjuntos habitacionais e compreender a efetividade e o impacto das ações implementadas do Programa habitacional na realidade específica de Viçosa, considerando não apenas as metas previstas, mas, sobretudo, seu resultado e efetivas mudanças na vida da população beneficiada.Palavras-chave: Avaliação de Políticas Públicas. Metodologias participativas Análise de políticas públicas. PMCMV. Realidade habitacional.
A avaliação para e das aprendizagens de futuros educadores e professores: um olhar a partir dos programas das disciplinas
Authors: Ferreira Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2020

A avaliação das aprendizagens é uma tarefa profissional docente realizada para classificar, mas também para potenciar as aprendizagens nos estudantes. Foi com esta ideia que se questionou as características da avaliação das aprendizagens dos programas das disciplinas de um mestrado de formação inicial de educadores de infância e de professores do 1º ciclo do ensino básico. Para a sua resposta, foi realizado um estudo exploratório de recolha e de análise daqueles programas nos pontos da avaliação das aprendizagens e das metodologias de ensino. Foi possível perceber que neles estavam descritos procedimentos e instrumentos para a avaliação contínua e somativa dos estudantes. Os de avaliação contínua, apesar de diversificados, não eram claros nas suas finalidades e nas formas de concretização prática. Já os da avaliação somativa, com uma intencionalidade clara, estavam mais estruturados e mais detalhados, com a indicação das percentagens de cada um para a classificação dos futuros professores em cada disciplina.Palavras-chave: Avaliação das aprendizagens. Programas. Futuros professores.
Percepção de professores sobre os efeitos no desenvolvimento do conhecimento de alunos a partir da promulgação da lei americana No Child Left Behind (NCLB): uma análise epistemológica social e das virtudes
Authors: Gouveia Gleidson , Cestari Luiz Artur Dos Santos
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a legislação educacional implementada nos Estados Unidos da América denominada No Child Left Behind (NCLB) e tem como objetivo analisar o que os professores percebem sobre os seus efeitos no desenvolvimento do conhecimento dos alunos no ensino fundamental. Adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa que tomou como referência de análise as epistemologias social e da virtude, que foram utilizadas para analisar as respostas obtidas dos professores no que concerne aos requerimentos impostos pela NCLB e ao desenvolvimento do conhecimento pelos alunos. Concluiu-se que a NCLB afeta negativamente o desenvolvimento dos discentes enquanto pensadores críticos, pois prejudicam o seu desenvolvimento epistêmico.Palavras-chave: No child left behind. Epistemologia social. Virtudes intelectuais.
From design to impact: a phenomenological study of HumanMOOC participants’ learning and implementation into practice
Authors: Torcivia Prusko Patrice , Robinson Heather , Kilgore Whitney , Al-Freih Maha
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research study is to shift the focus on Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) research by changing the narrative surrounding MOOC effectiveness from issues of course completion and certification to the impact of these courses on participants’ actual practices. The “Humanizing Online Teaching and Learning” or HumanMOOC was offered four times with 2,614 participants overall and covered topics on the elements of the Community of Inquiry framework: social presence, teaching presence, and cognitive presence. Through phenomenological inquiry, literature review, demographics, survey and interviews, the researchers gathered and analyzed information from learners who completed the HumanMOOC. Three themes of the interviews that emerged from the coding analysis process are: learning journeyers, I think I can, and bringing it back to the classroom. The intention to participate and to overcome barriers, and the increase in self-efficacy as a result of personal accomplishment, impacted the participants’ will to implement what was learned into their teaching practice.