bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer risk in Ukrainian women exposed to Chornobyl fallout while pregnant or lactating: standardized incidence ratio analysis, 1998 to 2016
Authors: Vij Vibha , Shpak Victor , Zamotayeva Galyna , Lapikura Less , Ryzhov Anton , Gorokh Evgeniy , Zhang Rui , Mabuchi Kiyo , Little Mark P , Drozdovitch Vladimir , Chizhov Konstantin , Masuik Sergii , Preston Dale , Tronko Mykola , Cahoon Elizabeth K
Published: April 2022

Background
The radiation-related risk of breast cancer among women following the Chornobyl accident remains uncertain. During pregnancy, there is rapid cell proliferation in the breast while radioactive iodine from fallout exposure can concentrate in lactating breast tissues.
Methods
We conducted a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) analysis of breast cancer in a cohort of 2,631 women who were lactating and/or pregnant at any time during the two-month period of radioiodine fallout (April 26, 1986 - June 30, 1986). There were 37,151 person-years of follow-up, and 26 incident breast cancers were identified through linkage with the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine. Breast cancer rates among pregnant or lactating women were compared to the general population rates, and SIRs were adjusted for oblast, urban/rural, age, and calendar year.
Results
The SIR was non-significantly elevated for women lactating at the time of accident (SIR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.40; 3.01), but not for women initiating lactation within the two months of the accident (SIR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.32; 1.65) or women pregnant at the time of the accident (SIR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.44; 1.18).
Conclusions
The increased SIR for breast cancer among lactating women is consistent with the results of a similar study in Belarus and indicates the need to quantify the radiation risk of breast cancer in a larger study of women lactating during the period of fallout exposure.
An economic incentive package to support the wellbeing of caregivers of adolescents living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa: a feasibility study protocol for a pilot randomised trial
Authors: Carries Stanley , Mkhwanazi Zibuyisile , Sigwadhi Lovemore , Moshabela Mosa , Nyirenda Makandwe , Goudge Jane , Govindasamy Darshini
Published: April 2022

Background: The mental and financial strain linked to unpaid caregiving has been amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic. In sub-Saharan Africa, carers of adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) are critical for maintenance of optimum HIV treatment outcomes. However, the ability of caregivers to provide quality care to ALHIV is undermined by their ability to maintain their own wellbeing due to multiple factors (viz. poverty, stigma, lack of access to social support services) which have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Economic incentives, such as cash incentives combined with SMS reminders, have been shown to improve wellbeing. However, there is a lack of preliminary evidence on the potential of economic incentives to promote caregiver wellbeing in this setting, particularly in the context of a pandemic. This protocol outlines the design of a parallel-group pilot randomised trial comparing the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of an economic incentive package versus a control for improving caregiver wellbeing. Methods: Caregivers of ALHIV will be recruited from public-sector HIV clinics in the south of the eThekwini municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (i) the intervention group (n=50) will receive three cash payments (of ZAR 350, approximately 23 USD), coupled with a positive wellbeing message over a three month period; (ii) the control group (n=50) will receive a standard message encouraging linkage to health services. Participants will be interviewed at baseline and at endline (12 weeks) to collect socio-demographic, food insecurity, health status, mental health (stigma, depressive symptoms) and wellbeing data. The primary outcome measure, caregiver wellbeing, will be measured using the CarerQoL instrument. A qualitative study will be conducted alongside the main trial to understand participant views on participation in the trial and their feedback on study activities.Discussion: This study will provide scientific direction for the design of a larger randomised controlled trial exploring the effects of an economic incentive for improving caregiver wellbeing. The feasibility of conducting study activities and delivering the intervention remotely in the context of a pandemic will also be provided. Trial registration: PACTR202203585402090
Development and validation of a machine learning‐based stroke suicidal ideation prediction model : A retrospective study
Authors: Song Seung Il , Hong Hyeon Taek , Lee Changwoo , Lee Seung Bo
Published: April 2022

Background: Currently, the identification of stroke patients with an increased suicide risk is mainly based on self‐report questionnaires, and this method suffers from a lack of objectivity. This study developed and validated a suicide ideation (SI) prediction model using clinical data and identified SI predictors.Method: Significant variables were selected through traditional statistical analysis based on retrospective data of 385 stroke patients; the data was collected from October 2012 to March 2014. The data was then applied to three boosting models (Xgboost, CatBoost, LGBM) to identify the comparative and best performing models.Results: Demographic variables that showed significant differences between the two groups were age, onset, type, socioeconomic, and education level. Additionally, functional variables also showed a significant difference with regard to ADL and emotion (p<0.05). The CatBoost model (0.900) showed higher performance than the other two models; and depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and rehabilitation motivation (RM) were found to have high importance. Negative emotions such as depression and anxiety showed a positive relationship with SI and rehabilitation motivation and self-efficacy displayed an inverse relationship with SI.Conclusion: Machine learning-based SI models could augment SI prevention by helping rehabilitation and medical professionals identify high-risk stroke patients in need of SI prevention intervention.
New host and distribution records for five species of Enterogyrus (Dactylogyridae: Ancyrocephalinae) from cichlid hosts in South Africa
Authors: Přikrylová Iva , Tavakol Sareh , Smit Nico J. , Smit Willem J. , Luus-Powell Wilmien J.
Published: April 2022

Three species of Cichlidae, Coptodon rendalli, Oreochromis mossambicus and Tilapia sparrmanii were screened for the presence of stomach monogeneans. Four localities across three provinces of South Africa (Limpopo, Northern Cape and North West) were sampled and a total of five Enterogyrus spp. were identified, E. cichlidarum, E. coronatus, E. malmbergi, E. mashegoi and E. multispiralis. Finding E. malmbergi from O. mossambicus and T. sparrmanii represents new host and new geographic records. Enterogyrus coronatus was reported from C. rendalli and T. sparrmanii from three localities. Both hosts are new host records for the species and show a wide distribution of E. coronatus within South Africa. Tilapia sparrmanii is a new host record for E. cichlidarum and E. multispiralis. Enterogyrus mashegoi and E. cichlidarum are reported from new localities.
Embryotoxicity and teratogenesis of orthodontic acrylic resin in zebrafish
Authors: Ohashi Amanda Sayuri Cardoso , Pizzato Christiane Staub , Schacher Helena Reis de Souza , Vianna Monica Ryff Moreira Roca , de Menezes Luciane Macedo
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To verify in vivo the embryotoxicity, teratogenic power and other possible effects of the orthodontic acrylic resin and its components separately using Zebrafish as a model organism. Materials and Methods: Embryo and larval stage animals were divided into 5 experimental groups. These were divided into 5 subgroups: three specific doses of each substance tested, one control with the vehicle (0,1% DMSO in water) and one absolute control (water). In the 5o day post fertilization, the animals were submitted to morphological, cardiac, behavioral, and cognitive evaluations. Ten animals were used in triplicate for all experiments. Survival and hatching were analyzed by the Kaplan Meier test and the other measurements were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. Results:For all tested substances, statistically significant differences were found between the control and treated groups for heart rate, cognitive responsiveness, and cellular apoptosis, whereas survival, hatching rate and other parameters did not show significant differences. Only the highest dose of the dibutyl phthalate group showed significant difference in survival. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to acrylic resin and its components may be associated with decreased cognitive ability and cardiac rhythm and an increase in the level of cellular apoptosis in zebrafish. Clinical Relevance:Acrylic resin widely used in dentistry, where not only the patient stays in contact with it for a long period of time, but the dental and laboratory staff also often for a lifetime. Considering this, we emphasize the importance of further investigating the long-term effects of acrylic resin.
Diagnostic value of the microcolon by ultrasonography in small bowel atresia
Authors: Huang Ying , Ju Hao , Feng Shu
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To find the Ultrasonography (US) criteria of microcolon and analyze its value in diagnosis of SBA.Methods: US was performed in 46 neonates within 7 days old. As a study group (n = 15), neonates of SBA was confirmed with followed surgery. As a study group without SBA (n = 15), neonates with other gastrointestinal problems different that SBA were confirmed by surgical or clinical follow up. Sixteen neonates without gastrointestinal problems was classified as control group. Diameter of the colon was measured. Colonic gas were sought and observed. Statistical analysis was performed to compare US parameters between study group with other groups. Optimal cut off value of the colonic diameter for SBA diagnosis were obtained with receiver operating characteristic analysis.Results: Colonic diameters in study group 0.5cm (interquartile ranges (IQR), 0.5-0.6 cm) was significantly smaller than that in study group without SBA 0.9cm (IQR, 0.8-1.2cm) (P < 0 .001) and in control group 1.2cm (IQR, 0.8-1.35cm) (P < 0 .001). Optimum cut off value for diagnosis of SBA was 6.5 mm (sensitivity, 90.3%; specificity, 86.7%; accuracy, 89.1%) for colonic diameter. A combination of microcolon and gas negative in it showed the best performance in US diagnosis of SBA, with the highest accuracy (91.3%).Conclusion: A colon less than 6.5mm in diameter should be called microcolon by US, combined with gas negative can be highly suggestive of SBA.
Enterotypes in asthenospermia patients with obesity
Authors: Jiao Jiao , Xu Peng , Wang Xiaobin , Xing Ze , Dong Sitong , Li Gaoyu , Yao Xinrui , Guo Renhao , Feng Tao , Yao Weifan , Pan Bochen , Zhu Xuan , Wang Xiuxia
Published: April 2022

The essence of enterotypes is stratifying the entire human gut microbiome, and enterotypes modulates the association between diet and disease risk.We designed a study at the Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University and Jinghua Hospital of Shenyang. Prevotella and Bacteroides were measured in stool samples from 178 men with enterotype B (61 normal, 117 overweight/obese) and 229 men with enterotype P (74 normal, 155 overweight/obese). The ratio between Prevotella and Bacteroides abundance, P/B, was used as a simplified way to distinguish the predominant enterotype. In enterotype P, obesity was a risk factor for decreased rate of forward progressive sperm motility (odds ratio [OR] 3.350; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.881–5.966; P<0.001) and decreased rate of total sperm motility (OR 4.298; 95% CI 2.365–7.809; P<0.001). Obesity was also an independent risk factor (OR 3.131; 95% CI 1.749–5.607; P<0.001) after adjusting for follicle-stimulating hormone. In enterotype P, body mass index (BMI), as a diagnostic indicator of decreased rate of forward progressive sperm motility and decreased rate of decreased total sperm motility, had area under the curve values of 0.627 (P = 0.001) and 0.675 (P<0.0001), respectively, that were significantly higher than the predicted values in all patients. However, obesity was not a risk factor for asthenospermia, and there was no significant difference between obesity and sperm quality parameters in men with enterotype B (P>0.05). Our findings are the first to introduce enterotypes as a population-based individualized classification index to investigate the correlation between BMI and asthenospermia. In our study, overweight/obese men with enterotype P were found to have poorer sperm quality; however, sperm quality was not associated with overweight/obese in men with enterotype B. Besides, BMI is a risk factor for asthenospermia only in men with enterotype P but not in men with enterotype B.
Development and validation a novel copper death and SARS-CoV-2-associated genes prognostic model in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: yan congzhi , wu zhixuan , lou donghao , Jin Jingji , Wu Congcong
Published: April 2022

Copper death is a newly identified unique form of regulated apoptosis. Studies suggest that it may be the mode of apoptosis in cancer cells. Therefore, copper death-related genes may become therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma. Also, SARS-CoV-2 is currently the most widely spread virus in the world with no curative drug available. Liver cancer is the most common fatal malignancy in the world. By the time a patient presents to the clinic, liver cancer has progressed to an advanced stage and the prognosis is often poor. In this study, the prognosis of patients with liver cancer when they get SARS-CoV-2 was predicted by examining the relationship between SARS-CoV-2, copper death and liver cancer.
Comparison of Eating Disorders Symptoms and Body Image Between Individidual and Team Sport Adolescent Athletes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Firoozjah Morteza Homayounnia , Shahrbanian Shahnaz , Homayouni Alireza , Hower Heather
Published: April 2022

Background: COVID-19 has significantly disrupted the routines of school sports for adolescent athletes, which can affect their usual eating behaviors and body image. Specific pressures of individual sports (e.g., strict weight requirements, revealing sports attire, aesthetic judgments), vs. team sports, may further increase the risk of eating disorders (ED) and distorted body image. Methods: Participants of the study included 124 Iranian male adolescent athletes residing in Mazandaran province (one of the most affected areas of Iran during COVID-19), who played in 1 of 6 sports (3 individual, 3 team). ED symptoms were assessed by the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), and body image was assessed by the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA). Results: The individual athlete group (n = 62) had significantly higher EAT-26 subscale scores for Bulimia and Food Preoccupation (p=0.019), as well as significantly higher BESAA subscale scores for Appearance (p =0.001), Weight (p = 0.001), and Attribution (p = 0.001), compared to the team athlete group (n = 62). Conclusions: The study has limitations which future research should address. However, findings suggest that coaches should pay special attention to individual athletes with ED and distorted body image during COVID-19, to provide early intervention, and mitigate the risk of long-term consequences.
The external occipital protuberance: a magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Tsutsumi Satoshi , Ono Hideo , Ishii Hisato
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To date, no study has explored the external occipital protuberance (EOP) using neuroimaging modalities. This study aims to characterize them using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods: A total of 96 patients underwent thin-sliced, post-contrast MRI. The sagittal images were analyzed.Results: In 97%, the EOPs were delineated as a focal external protrusion of the midline region of the occiput with varying morphologies. In 89% of 93 patients with identifiable EOPs, parts of the intracranial dural sinuses were found to lie just below the inion, the most prominent point of the EOP. The most frequently targeted dural sinus was the confluence of sinuses that was found in 57%, followed by the superior sagittal sinus. In 16%, a bony foramen and transmitting vessel were detected in the EOP, connecting between the diploic channels and the subcutaneous veins. Furthermore, in 33%, bony foramina and transmitting venous structures were identified in the region just below the EOPs, connecting between the diploic channels and the subcutaneous veins.Conclusions: The intracranial dural venous sinus is located just below the EOP with a high probability. Most bony foramina in the EOP and midline suboccipital region may transmit veinous structures connecting to the diploic channel.
Phenotypical variability of the sigmoid sinus in translabyrinthine and retrosigmoid surgeries
Authors: Al-Fauri Maryna , Lee Daniel , Kelly Paul
Published: April 2022

Introduction: We hypothesized that the cranial phenotype influences the shape of the posterior cranial fossa and the relative position of the sigmoid sinus. Materials and Methods: The topography of the sigmoid sinus was studied on 26 magnetic resonance venograms and 35 embalmed cadavers by morphometric analysis, dissection, and photo modeling techniques. Results: The data show that the transverse diameter of the posterior cranial fossa correlates positively with the laterolateral diameter of the skull. The majority of cases with the low-anterior position of the sigmoid sinus were recorded in the brachycephalic group (82%); while the high-posterior localization of the sigmoid sinus was typical for the dolichocephalic patients (63%). Conclusion: The shape of the skull reflects the morphology of the posterior cranial fossa and influences the topographic characteristics of the sigmoid sinus that must be considered in the selection of surgical approach to the inner ear and pontocerebellar angle.
Fast, eco-friendly synthesis of blue luminescent nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots in glycerol
Authors: Trpkov Djordje , Vinić Milica , Dojčilović Radovan , Tošić Dragana
Published: April 2022

Nitrogen-functionalized graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) were synthesized by hydrothermal transformation of glycine precursors in glycerol. Functionalization of GQDs with nitrogen was confirmed with FTIR spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that the thickness of the quantum dots is around ~10 Å while the lateral dimensions are the in range from 20 to 80 nm. N-GQDs exhibit strong fluorescence in blue (420 nm) region and they are suitable for bioimaging applications.
Statistical Modelling Based on Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Method of Pumps Performance in a Pumping Station for Drinking Water Production
Authors: mazouzi driss , LAAJINE Fouad , Machkor Mohammed
Published: April 2022

Energy use in water supply systems represents a consequent part of global energy consumption across all sectors. This consumption is expected to rise, due to the increasing demand and the recourse to unconventional water resources. Regarding water utilities, most of their operating costs are related to energy consumption, especially pumping systems consumption. In this context, the main objective of this study was to model accurately by using data statistical analysis the energy consumption of pumping systems in order to optimize the whole water supply system, thus improving its efficiency, especially in the case of a limited renovation. For this purpose, Multiple Linear Regression was fitted to model the produced kWh/m 3 ratio costs according to the following Key-parameters associated to drinking pumping stations: i) active and reactive energies; ii) the daily produced water volume; iii) the power factor (Cosφ); iiii) and the operating time of each pump. The final model describes accurately the consumption per cubic meter produced with R-square statistic reaching 0.91 and value standard error is close to 5% were found. Therefore, this model could be considered a good estimator for the calculated ratio, which was close to the experimental one. In addition, this approach considers the system in the Real-Time-Data behavior, while most of the comparable studies focus on the pump scheduling problem estimator for the calculated ratio which was close to the experimental one.
Which one? A comparative study of traditional and sports uniforms on academic achievement, cognitive performance, playtime, bullying, and discrimination in adolescents. The Cogni-Action Project
Authors: Cristi-Montero Carlos , Solis-Urra Patricio , Sanchez-Martinez Javier , Olivares-Arancibia Jorge , Hernández-Jaña Sam , Gajardo-Araya Guillermo , Palma-Leal Ximena , Sadarangani Kabir P. , Estinto Matias Portela , Encina Yonatan , Alvarez Cristian , Delgado-Floody Pedro , Aguilar-Farias Nicolas , Ferrari Gerson , Mahecha-Matsudo Sandra , Zavala-Crichton Juan Pablo , Ibarra-Mora Jessica , Parra-Saldías Maribel , Nanjarí-Miranda Rodrigo , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Fernando
Published: April 2022

Objective
The aim of the study was to compare academic achievement, cognitive performance, playtime, bullying, and discrimination in adolescents according to traditional (TU) and sports uniforms (SU) worn at school, while simultaneously exploring the influence of the school vulnerability index.
Methods
Nine hundred eighty-eight Chilean adolescents (52.6% boys) aged 10–14 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Academic achievement was evaluated by the average grade in maths, language, and science grades, while the cognitive performance was assessed through eight cognitive tasks. TU affecting physical activity, playtime, bullying, and discrimination were queried. Mixed model analyses were performed.
Results
No differences were observed in academic achievement (TU: 5.4 ± 0.1 vs. SU: 5.5 ± 0.2, p-value = 0.785) or in cognitive performance (TU: 99.6 ± 0.8 vs. SU: 98.9 ± 1.8, p-value = 0.754) according to school uniform type. Moreover, 64.1% of participants declared that wearing TU affects their physical activity, and those who believed so spent more time playing than those who answered negatively (14.5 min, p-value = 0.012). Finally, adolescents wearing SU displayed a lower feeling of bullying and discrimination; this finding depended mainly on the school’s vulnerability.
Conclusion
It is concluded that wearing a TU does not show an educational advantage at an academic and cognitive level that justifies its obligation. In addition, it could be suggested that schools consider adolescents’ opinions in adopting a more comfortable uniform, such as the SU. This feasible and low-cost measure would help to increase adolescents' physical activity during the school day and, contrary to belief, it would not be related to increased feelings of bullying and discrimination.
The Role of N6-Methyladenosine-associated lncRNAs in Immune Microenvironment and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yuan Congfei , Liu Caidong , Zhao Shuli , Zhang Xishan , Jia Haifeng , Chen Baiyu , Zhang Maojin , Zheng Yuan , Zhou Jin , Bo Yanzhi
Published: April 2022

Background
The role of N6-methyladenosine long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is elusive.
Materials and Methods
We identified m6A-associated lncRNAs by using the data gathered from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and stratified CRC patients into different subgroups. Cox-regression analysis were performed to construct a m6A-associated lncRNA signature. The role of this signature in immune microenvironment and prognosis was dissected subsequently. Finally, a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to predict the possible mechanisms based on the signature.
Results
Three m6A-associated clusters were constructed from 866 differentially expressed lncRNAs. Cluster 2 had poor prognosis and low immune cell infiltration. A m6A-associated lncRNA signature consisting of 14 lncRNAs was constructed, and recognized as an independent prognostic indicator of CRC by using survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The clinical features and immune cell infiltration status were significantly different in patients stratified by risk score. Furthermore, GSEA showed that P53 pathway and Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity were more enriched in the low-risk group.
Conclusion
Our data revealed that m6A-associated lncRNAs could be potential prognostic indicator of immunogenicity in CRC.
Effects of high-protein feed supplements on lamb productivity
Authors: Marynich Aleksandr , Abilov Batyrkhan , Semenov Vladimir , Dzhafarov Novruz , Kulintsev Valery , Serdyukov Igor
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Today’s feed market offers a variety of new products of plant and animal origin that increases the productivity of young sheep. Using feed supplements can help farmers to fully realize the genetic potential of wool-and-meat genotype sheep.

Study objects and methods. We studied the effect of a whole milk replacer (skimmed powdered milk) and an ORGANIC high-protein feed supplement on the growth of young sheep and the quality of their meat. In particular, we determined the effect of starter feeds on the biochemical and morphological parameters of sheep blood at the Vtoraya Pyatiletka Breeding Farm, Stavropol Krai.

Results and discussion. Substituting starter feeds with a whole milk replacer and an ORGANIC supplement for the standard feed in the diet of sheep aged 0–4 months increased metabolic energy (by 12.5%), crude protein (by 22.4 and 25.5%, respectively), lysine (by 24.8 and 21.4%, respectively), and methionine + cystine (by 31.0%). The starter feeds also led to higher live weight (by 29.6 and 33.7% (P ≤ 0.001)), absolute and average daily gain (by 24.6 and 29.1% (P ≤ 0.001)), slaughter weight (by 36.5 and 42.1% (P ≤ 0.001)), slaughter yield (by 2.50 and 2.96 abs.% (P ≤ 0.05)), and meat marbling (by 3.6 and 11.7%). The number of muscle fibers increased by 2.1 and 3.3%, respectively. Additional profits rose from 1761.5 to 2091.5 rubles per head and the product profitability reached 50.5–57.9%.

Conclusion. The starter feeds containing a milk replacer and an ORGANIC feed supplement proved effective for sheep aged of 0–4 months in the suckling period, ensuring live weight of 39–40 kg and improving meat quality and productivity.
Pharmacology and Ethnomedicinal Potential of Selected Plants Species from Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)
Authors: Patra J.K. , Das G. , Das S. , Talukdar A.D. , Venil C.K. , Bose S. , Banerjee S. , Shin H.-S. , Gutiérrez-Grijalva E.P. , Heredia J.B.
Published: April 2022

Background:

The Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is one of the largest families in terms of species representation in the plant kingdom. It is also a prominent family in the field of phytochemicals and pharmacology. The family is also quite prominent in the production of spices and condiments and food supplements in nutrition, aside from the potential of species in the family to induce apoptotic, antimicrobial, antitumor, and hepatoprotective activities.

Objective:

This work presents a detailed structural elucidation and functional aspects of phytochemicals from the Apiaceae or Umbelliferae family.

Method:

Furthermore, the application of members of this family in traditional and modern pharmacology is emphasized. This review also highlights the linkage of phytochemicals used in the conventional system of medication for the development of novel therapeutics through a chain of pre-clinical and clinical trials.

Conclusion:

This study may represent a valuable step ahead in the clinical development of natural drugs for curing several ailments, including respiratory and virus-related diseases.
ADAM19 and TUBB1 Correlate with Tumor Infiltrating Immune Cells
and Predicts Prognosis in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Xing Deguo , Wang Jun , Gong Mingzhi , Xiong Zhenggang , Zhao Yangyang
Published: April 2022

Background:

Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor.

Introduction:

This study aimed to explore potential key prognostic genes and their roles in osteosarcoma.

Methods:

Three microarray datasets for osteosarcoma were downloaded from the GEO database.
Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by the Limma package. Functional enrichment
analysis was performed based on DAVID, GeneMANIA, and Metascape databases. Prognostic
value of DEGs was elevated by survival analysis. CIBERSORT was used to assess the infiltrating
abundance of 22 immune cells, followed by the Pearson correlation analysis between immune
cells and prognosis-related genes. Gene set enrichment analysis and drug-gene interactions prediction
were performed for prognosis-related genes.

Results:

A total of 8 common up-regulated DEGs and 13 common down-regulated DEGs were
screened in the GSE36001 and GSE56001 datasets. Enrichment analysis showed these DEGs were
implicated in platelet activation, SMAD protein phosphorylation, lymphocyte/leukocyte/T cells activation,
and cell migration. Survival analysis indicated that elevated expression of ADAM19 and
TUBB1 were associated with a favorable prognosis. CIBERSORT algorithm revealed the higher
infiltrating level of CD8 T cells, macrophages M0, and M2 in osteosarcoma. ADAM19 expression
positively correlated with naïve B cells and negatively correlated with activated dendritic cells infiltrating
abundance. TUBB1 expression positively correlated with gamma delta T cells while negatively
correlated with helper follicular T cells infiltrating abundance. A total of 56 drugs were
found to target TUBB1.

Conclusion:

ADAM19 and TUBB1 could be prognostic biomarkers in osteosarcoma. Both their
expression correlates with tumor infiltrating immune cells. TUBB1 was a multi-drug target that
might be a therapeutic target in osteosarcoma.
Research progress of human AP endonuclease 1: structure, catalytic mechanism and inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Zelan , Wu Zhixiang , Shi Xiaodong , Guo Du , Cheng Yan , Gao Jiaxing , Liu Ling , Liu Wei , Liang Li , Peng Lianxin , Hu Jianping
Published: April 2022

The high stability of phosphodiester bonds is considered to be one of the important reasons for the genetic role of nucleic acids, and their cleavage is also the core of many key biochemical processes, including DNA replication / repair, and RNA processing / degradation. As an important part of the base excision repair (BER) pathway, human apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is indispensable for the repair of a basic sites and other DNA damage including ionizing radiation, DNA covalently bonding induced by cytotoxic antitumor drugs, etc. To tumor cells, the DNA repair activity of APE1 may lead to the occurrence of radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance. Obviously, the overexpression of APE1 often poses a serious threat to the effectiveness of tumor treatment, indicating longer time, much larger dose, less effective chemotherapy and poor prognosis. It is of great urgency to design novel APE1 inhibitors. Rational design and modification of inhibitor molecules are closely related to the research progress of both structural biology and catalytic mechanism. In this review, the structure, catalytic mechanism, inhibitors and other important biochemical information of APE1 all are summarized, which will help for the design and modification of drug molecules targeting APE1.
Inhibitor of Growth 4 (ING4) Plays a Tumor-repressing Role in Oral
Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Nuclear Factor Kappa-B (NF-kB)/DNA Methyltransferase
1 (DNMT1) Axis-mediated Regulation of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
1A2 (ALDH1A2)
Authors: Cui Zhi , Sun Shiqun , Li Jia , Li Jianing , Sha Tong , He Jie , Zuo Linjing
Published: April 2022

Background:

Inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4) level was reported to be decreased in head and
neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) tissue, however, it is unknown whether and how ING4 participates
in regulating the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of ING4 in OSCC.

Methods:

ING4 was forced to up- or down-regulated in two OSCC cell lines, and its effects on the malignant
behavior of OSCC cells were investigated in vitro. The ubiquitination level of NF-kB p65 in
ING4 upregulated cells was measured by co-immunoprecipitation. Moreover, the effects of ING4 on
the methylation level of ALDH1A2 were evaluated by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction
(MSP) assay. The role of ING4 in OSCC growth in vivo was observed in nude mice.

Results:

Our results showed that the expression of ING4 in OSCC cell lines was lower than that in
normal oral keratinocyte cells. In vitro, ING4 overexpression inhibited the proliferation, migration, and
invasion of OSCC cell lines and ING4 silencing exhibited opposite results. We also demonstrated that
ING4 overexpression promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of P65 and reduced DNA methyltransferase
1 (DNMT1) expression and Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A2 (ALDH1A2) methylation. Moreover,
overexpression of p65 rescued the suppression of malignant behavior, induced by ING4 overexpression.
In addition, ING4 negatively regulated the growth of OSCC xenograft tumors in vivo.

Conclusion:

Our data evidenced that ING4 played a tumor-repressing role in OSCC in vivo and in vitro
via NF-κB/DNMT1/ALDH1A2 axis.
Rethinking Catatonia: New Insights from the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Amatori Giulia , Dell’Osso Liliana , Toschi Daniela , Gesi Camilla
Published: April 2022

Initially conceptualized as a subtype of schizophrenia, catatonia has progressively been recognized
to occur in a wide variety of conditions as a kind of final common pathway for many severe
mental disorders. There is a significant overlap between the fundamental symptoms of autism spectrum
disorder (ASD) and catatonia, and ASD can frequently complicate catatonic states. While
provocative, the hypothesis that neuroatypicality may represent the submerged structural piece underlying
catatonic states is intriguing. Yet, the multifaced relationship between catatonia and ASD may
provide new insights into the etiology and treatment of both disorders.
Notopterygium incisum Root Extract (NRE) Alleviates Epileptiform Symptoms in PTZ-Induced Acute Seizure Mice
Authors: Jiang Xiaowen , Zhao Qingchun , Zhou Lijun , Gao Yaping , Lu Hongyuan , Liu Wenwu , Xu Xiangbo , Xing Bo , Liang Xu , Wang Nan
Published: April 2022

Background:

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting more than 70 million people worldwide. Despite numerous efforts on new antiepileptic drugs, approximately one-third of epilepsy patients suffer from uncontrolled seizures. It leads to serious psychosocial consequences, cognitive problems, and decreased quality of life.

Objective:

Our previous studies have shown that N. incisum root extract (NRE) can improve cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. In addition, our research shows that AD and epilepsy have pathological mechanisms overlapping. Therefore, we tried to investigate whether NRE can ameliorate the seizures of epileptic mice in this study.

Methods:

NRE-treated mice group was given an oral administration with 1 g/kg/d for 7 days. On the 8th day, mice were exposed to PTZ (i.p. injection) to induce epilepsy. Then the cognitive tests of mice in the water maze were carried out, and the biochemical indexes and pathological tests were carried out after the mice were sacrificed.

Results:

SOD level in the NRE group was significantly higher than that in the PTZ group, while MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels were decreased. The cognitive ability of NRE-treated mice was significantly improved compared with the PTZ group. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) results showed that the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus and cortex of NRE mice were inhibited.

Conclutions:

This study suggests that NRE can alleviate epilepsy and improve cognitive function in mice with epilepsy, and its mechanism may be through reducing inflammation and enhancing antioxidant defense.
The Screening Program for Autism Spectrum Disorders in the West of Iran
Authors: Bashirian Saeid , Jenabi Ensiyeh , Khazaei Salman , Zareian Sepideh , Hamzehei Ronak , Razjouyan Katayoon , Zarafshan Hadi , Seyedi Mahdieh , Nouri Shahla , Rezaei Mohammad , Pourghavam Zahra Moradi , Babakhani Narges
Published: April 2022

Background:

There are few epidemiological data regarding the autism spectrum
disorders (ASD) screening program in Iran, and as yet, screening for children at the age of
18 months has not been performed.

Aim:

The present study aimed to perform a screening program for children with ASD in
Iran.

Method:

This cross-sectional study was conducted for screening children with ASD. The
age and stages Questionnaire-18 (ASQ-18) month questionnaire was sent to all parents of
children via a mobile-based application.The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (MCHAT)
questionnaire was mailed if the child's score was below the cutoff. For those with
positive M-CHATs, the M-CHAT/F Follow-up interview was performed. Finally, children
with ASD, according to The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and examination,
were diagnosed.

Result:

Of these children, 1221 (48%) were girls and 1341 (52%) were boys. Of the parent
respondents, 232 (9%) children had a positive ASQ-18 questionnaire. For this purpose, the MCHAT
was sent to the parents of these children. Of the 232 children with ASQ positive, 179
(77.1%) parents completed M-CHAT. On the M-CHAT, 43 (24.0%) children screened positive
and 136 (76.0%) children passed on M-CHAT-R screening. In this stage of the 43 screenpositive
children, health care providers asked parents to refer to their children for performing
the M-CHAT at follow up. For a total of 33 children, the M-CHAT follow-up was performed.
Of these samples, 7 children had positive M-CHAT follow-up. Therefore, ADI-R was conducted
for these children to diagnose ASD. In the end, based on ADI-R and diagnostic evaluation
performed by the child and adolescent psychologists, 7 children had ASD.

Conclusion:

The findings of the present study show that a mobile-based application can be
utilized for screening children at risk of ASD. Therefore, we suggest that the application be
used for screening children with ASD.
Поглощающий оптический потенциал на основе функций косинуса для моделирования квантовой динамики методом сеток Фурье в пакете Optimizer
Authors: Совков В.Б. , Wu Jizhou , Ma Jie
Published: April 2022

In order to model the spectroscopic and scattering properties of a quantum system, we propose and explore a new absorbing complex-type optical potential based on a combination of cosine functions. This function provides a high degree of smoothness to joint with a physical real-type potential. The capabilities of this function are investigated in terms of its effect on otherwise freely evolving quantum dynamics. We use our open-source programs to implement the Fourier Grid method with the Optimizer package (in Matlab), freely available at
https://sourceforge.net/projects/optimizer-sovkov/
Случайная лазерная генерация в монокристаллах MAPbI-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Мамаева М.П. , Селиванов Н.И. , Емелин А.В. , Капитонов Ю.В.
Published: April 2022

Halide perovskites are a promising medium for the creation of microlasers. Random lasing
in single crystals can provide principal information on the nature of laser radiation in these materials. This paper demonstrates random lasing in a MAPbI3 (MA+ = CH_3NH_3+) single crystal at a temperature T = 30 K and pulsed optical excitation with a repetition rate of 80 MHz.The observed laser radiation has a multimode composition with a quality factor of individual modes Q ~ 1200 and threshold behavior. The paper also proposes a method for separating the background non-polarized photoluminescence and lasing signals.
Фотоокисление тетрагидробиоптерина как основа фототерапии витилиго
Authors: Телегина Т.А. , Вечтомова Ю.Л. , Крицкий М.С. , Низамутдинов А.С. , Мадиров Э.И. , Макарова Д.А. , Буглак А.А.
Published: April 2022

The kinetics of photooxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin was investigated, the quantum yields of the formation of dihydropterin dimers were calculated when using a xenon lamp, a tunable UV laser and a UV LED as UV radiation sources. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of these sources for the photooxidation process of tetrahydrobiopterin allowed us to conclude that the most effective for the purposes of vitiligo phototherapy are, apparently, UV LED sources with emission maxima in the region of 325 nm.
Исследование морфофункциональных свойств биотканей ( in vivo) при воздействии низкотемпературной плазменной струи атмосферного давления
Authors: Гираев К.М. , Ашурбеков Н.А. , Исрапов Э.Х. , Шахсинов Г.Ш. , Абдулаев В.Р. , Рабаданов К.М. , Исаева З.М.
Published: April 2022

The results of spectral-fluorescent and diffuse-optical studies of living tissues under the effect of low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma jet in a mixture of air and argon are presented. Potential fluorophores are identified and coefficients of optical absorption and transport scattering of tissues are determined. It was revealed plasma jet irradiation of tissue leads to an increase in the intensity of fluorescence and the diffuse reflection coefficient, which is linked with a twofold increase in the transport scattering coefficient and a change in the concentration of endogenous chromophores – a reducing water content, lipids and bilirubin to 20%, and an increasing levels of oxygen saturation to 10%. On the basis of the analysis, it is shown that the therapeutic effect of low-temperature plasma can be associated with increased antioxidant protection and the development of compensatory dehydration processes.
Размерное квантование и зарядовая неустойчивость в коллоидных квантовых точках узкозонных полупроводников
Authors: Сергеев С.А. , Гавриков М.В. , Жуков Н.Д.
Published: April 2022

According to the current-voltage characteristics (CVC) and absorption spectra of colloidal quantum dots QD-InSb, -PbS, -HgSe on random samples, the manifestations of charge instability appear in the form of single current peaks and quasi-periodic deviations from the monotonic dependence of the CVC, are determined and studied. The results are explained by dimensional electron quantization in the model of a deep extended potential well and depending on the ratios of the quantization size and the de Broglie wavelength for an electron. It is assumed that the manifestation of Bloch oscillations has been experimentally confirmed. The data on the studied processes are determined and summarized in a table.
Programs Using Stimulation-Regulating Technologies to Promote Physical Activity in People With Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities: Scoping Review
Authors: Lancioni Giulio E , Singh Nirbhay N , O’Reilly Mark , Sigafoos Jeff , Alberti Gloria , Desideri Lorenzo
Published: April 2022

Background

People with intellectual and multiple disabilities tend to engage in very low levels of physical activity.

Objective

This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive picture of intervention programs using stimulation-regulating technologies to promote forms of physical activity in people with intellectual and multiple disabilities.

Methods

Following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist, a scoping review was conducted to identify and provide a synthesis of eligible studies published in English between 2010 and 2021. Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ERIC, and CINAHL as well as by using Google Scholar and manual searches. Studies were included if they involved individuals with intellectual or multiple disabilities, used stimulation-regulating technology systems to help participants engage in physical activity, and reported data on the impact of the intervention.

Results

A total of 42 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies were divided into 2 groups based on whether they pursued the increase in physical activity through technology-aided delivery of brief periods of preferred stimulation contingent on specific responses or the use of video games (exergames) and related auditory and visual stimulation. Subsequently, a narrative synthesis of the studies was provided.

Conclusions

The evidence reported by the 2 groups of studies is encouraging. However, further research is needed to compare the overall applicability and impact of the intervention strategies proposed by these groups of studies.
The Effectiveness of Serious Games on Cognitive Processing Speed Among Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Abd-alrazaq Alaa , Ahmed Arfan , Alali Haitham , Aldardour Ahmad Mohammad , Househ Mowafa
Published: April 2022

Background

Human cognitive processing speed is known to decline with age. Human cognitive processing speed refers to the time that an individual takes from receiving a stimulus to reacting to it. Serious games, which are video games used for training and educational purposes, have the potential to improve processing speed. Numerous systematic reviews have summarized the evidence regarding the effectiveness of serious games in improving processing speed, but they are undermined by some limitations.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of serious games on the cognitive processing speed of an older adult population living with cognitive impairment.

Methods

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted. Two search sources were used in this review: 8 electronic databases and backward and forward reference list checking. A total of 2 reviewers independently checked the eligibility of the studies, extracted data from the included studies, and appraised the risk of bias and quality of the evidence. Evidence from the included studies was synthesized using a narrative and statistical approach (ie, meta-analysis), as appropriate.

Results

Of the 548 publications identified, 16 (2.9%) RCTs eventually met all eligibility criteria. Very-low-quality evidence from 50% (8/16) and 38% (6/16) of the RCTs showed no statistically significant effect of serious games on processing speed compared with no or passive intervention groups (P=.77) and conventional exercises (P=.58), respectively. A subgroup analysis showed that both types of serious games (cognitive training games: P=.26; exergames: P=.88) were as effective as conventional exercises in improving processing speed.

Conclusions

There is no superiority of serious games over no or passive interventions and conventional exercises in improving processing speed among older adults with cognitive impairment. However, our findings remain inconclusive because of the low quality of the evidence, the small sample size in most of the included studies, and the paucity of studies included in the meta-analyses. Therefore, until more robust evidence is published, serious games should be offered or used as an adjunct to existing interventions. Further trials should be undertaken to investigate the effect of serious games that specifically target processing speed rather than cognitive abilities in general.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42022301667; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=301667