bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetic study of Fe & Co perovskite catalyst in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Moshtari Behnoosh , Hashemabadi Seyed Hasan , Zamani Yahya
Published: April 2024

The investigation of the reaction's kinetics is one of the most crucial aspects of the design of a commercial process. The current research investigates the kinetics of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using a perovskite catalyst. The LaFe0.7 Co0.3 O3 perovskite catalyst was prepared via the thermal sol–gel technique and characterized using BET, XRD, SEM, and H2-TPR techniques. According to operating conditions (e.g. H2/CO: 1–2, pressure: 10–20 barg, temperature: 240–300 °C, and GHSV: 3000 1/h), Fischer–Tropsch reaction kinetics (CO conversion) were carried out in a fixed-bed reactor. Using the framework of Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson (LHHW) theories, 18 kinetic expressions for CO conversion were derived, and all were fitted to experimental data one by one to determine the optimum condition. The correlation was derived from experimental data and well-fitted using LHHW form (according to the enol mechanism, carbon monoxide and dissociated hydrogen atoms are adsorbed and reacted on the surface of the catalyst) −rCO = kpbCOPCO(bH2PH2)0.5/(1 + bCOPCO + (bH2PH2)0.5)2. Finally, the activation energy of the optimum kinetic model was determined with respect to the Arrhenius equation under various operating conditions. The activation energy of perovskite catalyst is about 106.25 kJ/mol at temperatures 240–300 °C, pressures 10–20 barg, and H2/CO ratios 1–2, which is lower than other types of catalyst. Therefore, the catalyst was activated at a high temperature and demonstrated stable performance without any temperature runaway and coking issues.
Unveiling the microwave heating performance of biochar as microwave absorber for microwave-assisted pyrolysis technology
Authors: Singh Rickwinder , Lindenberger Christoph , Chawade Aakash , Vivekanand Vivekanand
Published: April 2024

Microwave (MW) heating has gained significant attention in food industries and biomass-to-biofuels through pyrolysis over conventional heating. However, constraints for promoting MW heating related to the use of different MW absorbers are still a major concern that needs to be investigated. The present study was conducted to explore the MW heating performance of biochar as a low-cost MW absorber for performing pyrolysis. Experiments were performed on biochar under different biochar dosing (25 g, 37.5 g, 50 g), MW power (400 W, 700 W, 1000 W), and particle sizes (6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm). Results showed that MW power and biochar dosing significantly impacted average heating rate (AHR) from 17.5 to 65.4 °C/min at 400 W and 1000 W at 50 g. AHR first increased, and then no significant changes were obtained, from 37.5 to 50 g. AHR was examined by full factorial design, with 94.6% fitting actual data with predicted data. The model suggested that the particle size of biochar influenced less on AHR. Furthermore, microwave absorption efficiency and biochar weight loss were investigated, and microwave absorption efficiency decreased as MW power increased, which means 17.16% of microwave absorption efficiency was achieved at 400 W rather than 700 W and 1000 W. Biochar weight loss estimated by employing mass-balance analysis, 2–10.4% change in biochar weight loss was obtained owing to higher heating rates at higher powers and biochar dosing.
Differences in physicochemical properties of pectin extracted from pomelo peel with different extraction techniques
Authors: Yu Yangyang , Lu Ping , Yang Yongfeng , Ji Huifu , Zhou Hang , Chen Siyuan , Qiu Yao , Chen Hongli
Published: April 2024

In order to obtain high yield pomelo peel pectin with better physicochemical properties, four pectin extraction methods, including hot acid extraction (HAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction, and enzymatic assisted extraction (EAE) were compared. MAE led to the highest pectin yield (20.43%), and the lowest pectin recovery was found for EAE (11.94%). The physicochemical properties of pomelo peel pectin obtained by different methods were also significantly different. Pectin samples obtained by MAE had the highest methoxyl content (8.35%), galacturonic acid content (71.36%), and showed a higher apparent viscosity, thermal and emulsion stability. The pectin extracted by EAE showed the highest total phenolic content (12.86%) and lowest particle size (843.69 nm), showing higher DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities than other extract methods. The pectin extracted by HAE had the highest particle size (966.12 nm) and degree of esterification (55.67%). However, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that no significant difference occurred among the different methods in the chemical structure of the extracted pectin. This study provides a theoretical basis for the industrial production of pomelo peel pectin.
A novel indicator to predict the outcome of percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia patients: diffusivity metrics of MR-DTI
Authors: Su Xu , Wang Zhengming , Wang Zhijia , Cheng Min , Du Chao , Tian Yu
Published: April 2024

Magnetic resonance-diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI) has been used in the microvascular decompression and gamma knife radiosurgery in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) patients; however, use of percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency rhizotomy (PSR) to target an abnormal trigeminal ganglion (ab-TG) is unreported. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean and radial diffusivity (MD and RD, respectively), and axial diffusivity (AD) of the trigeminal nerve (CNV) were measured in 20 TN patients and 40 healthy control participants immediately post PSR, at 6-months, and at 1 year. Longitudinal alteration of the diffusivity metrics and any correlation with treatment effects, or prognoses, were analyzed. In the TN group, either low FA (value < 0.30) or a decreased range compared to the adjacent FA (dFA) > 17% defined an ab-TG. Two-to-three days post PSR, all 15 patients reported decreased pain scores with increased FA at the ab-TG (P < 0.001), but decreased MD and RD (P < 0.01 each). Treatment remained effective in 10 of 14 patients (71.4%) and 8 of 12 patients (66.7%) at the 6-month and 1-year follow-ups, respectively. In patients with ab-TGs, there was a significant difference in treatment outcomes between patients with low FA values (9 of 10; 90%) and patients with dFA (2 of 5; 40%) (P < 0.05). MR-DTI with diffusivity metrics correlated microstructural CNV abnormalities with PSR outcomes. Of all the diffusivity metrics, FA could be considered a novel objective quantitative indicator of treatment effects and a potential indicator of PSR effectiveness in TN patients.
Study on dynamic response and long-term settlement of silty soil around Shanghai metro tunnel
Authors: Sang Biaowei , Yan Chunling , Wang Cheng , Qu Xin
Published: April 2024

At present, the method for calculating long-term tunnel settlement predictions under metro loading considers only one working condition of passenger loading, which is inconsistent with actual working conditions. To establish a tunnel settlement model that accounts for variations in passenger flow, this study uses data mining methods to categorize metro operation into three working conditions: "peak period, secondary period, and low period." The impact of these passenger flow conditions on the dynamic response of the soil around the tunnel is analyzed. Then, based on the principles of calculus, a calculus-based prediction model is established to consider the changing patterns of metro passenger flow. The model is applied to analyze the long-term settlement characteristics of Shanghai Metro Line 10. The results indicate that, under identical conditions, soil displacement and dynamic deviatoric stress around the tunnel increase with passenger capacity. The calculus prediction model aligns more closely with actual working conditions than the conventional model. The predicted tunnel settlement of Shanghai Metro Line 10 after 20 years of operation is approximately 37.07 mm, with most settlement occurring in the early stages, primarily due to cumulative plastic deformation of the soil.
Isolation and characterisation of a novel Silviavirus bacteriophage promising antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections
Authors: Lerdsittikul Varintip , Apiratwarrasakul Sukanya , Atithep Thassanant , Withatanung Patoo , Indrawattana Nitaya , Pumirat Pornpan , Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan Somjit , Thongdee Metawee
Published: April 2024

The increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emphasises the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents as alternatives to antibiotics. Bacteriophage therapy is one of the most promising antimicrobial strategies. Here, we isolated and comprehensively characterized a novel Staphylococcus phage, vB_SauM_VL10 (VL10), from urban sewage. The VL10 genome displays 141,746 bp of linear double-stranded DNA, containing 193 open reading frames and lacking tRNA, virulence, or antibiotic resistance genes. Phylogenetic analysis categorizes VL10 as a novel species within the Silviavirus genus, Twortvirinae subfamily. VL10 exhibits lytic behaviour characterized by efficient adsorption, a short latent period, and substantial burst size, with environmental stability. It demonstrates lytic activity against 79.06% of tested S. aureus strains, highlighting its species specificity. Additionally, VL10 effectively targets MRSA biofilms, reducing biomass and viable cells. In MRSA-infected G. mellonella larvae, VL10 enhances survival rates, supporting its potential for phage therapy applications. Moreover, the emergence of VL10-resistant S. aureus strains associated with fitness trade-offs, including reduced growth, biofilm formation, and virulence. Altogether, these findings emphasize VL10 as a promising candidate for developing therapeutic agents against MRSA infections, providing insights into phage biology and resistance dynamics.
Oxidative stress, inflammation, and steatosis elucidate the complex dynamics of HgCl2 induced liver damage in Channa punctata
Authors: Singh Shefalee , Dwivedi Shikha , Khan Adeel Ahmad , Jain Anamika , Dwivedi Shraddha , Yadav Kamlesh Kumar , Dubey Indrani , Trivedi Abha , Trivedi Sunil P. , Kumar Manoj
Published: April 2024

Water bodies are highly pollution-prone areas in which mercury (Hg) is considered as a major menace to aquatic organisms. However, the information about the toxicity of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) in a vital organ such as the liver of fish is still inadequate. This study aimed to assess the impact of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) exposure on the liver of Channa punctata fish over 15, 30, and 45 days, at two different concentrations (0.039 mg/L and 0.078 mg/L). Mercury is known to be a significant threat to aquatic life, and yet, information regarding its effects on fish liver remains limited. The results of this study demonstrate that exposure to HgCl2 significantly increases oxidative stress markers, such as lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyls (PC), as well as the levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) in the fish. Additionally, the transcriptional and protein analysis of specific genes and molecules associated with necroptosis and inflammation, such as ABCG2, TNF α, Caspase 3, RIPK 3, IL-1β, Caspase-1, IL-18, and RIPK1, confirm the occurrence of necroptosis and inflammation in the liver. Histopathological and ultrastructural examinations of the liver tissue further reveal a significant presence of liver steatosis. Interestingly, the upregulation of PPARα suggests that the fish's body is actively responding to counteract the effects of liver steatosis. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of oxidative stress, biochemical changes, gene expression, protein profiles, and histological findings in the liver tissue of fish exposed to mercury pollution in freshwater environments.
Enhancing accuracy and convenience of golf swing tracking with a wrist-worn single inertial sensor
Authors: Kim Myeongsub , Park Sukyung
Published: April 2024

In this study, we address two technical challenges to enhance golf swing trajectory accuracy using a wrist-worn inertial sensor: orientation estimation and drift error mitigation. We extrapolated consistent sensor orientation from specific address-phase signal segments and trained the estimation with a convolutional neural network. We then mitigated drift error by applying a constraint on wrist speed at the address, backswing top, and finish, and ensuring that the wrist's finish displacement aligns with a virtual circle on the 3D swing plane. To verify the proposed methods, we gathered data from twenty male right-handed golfers, including professionals and amateurs, using a driver and a 7-iron. The orientation estimation error was about 60% of the baseline, comparable to studies requiring additional sensor information or calibration poses. The drift error was halved and the single-inertial-sensor tracking performance across all swing phases was about 17 cm, on par with multimodal approaches. This study introduces a novel signal processing method for tracking rapid, wide-ranging motions, such as a golf swing, while maintaining user convenience. Our results could impact the burgeoning field of daily motion monitoring for health care, especially with the increasing prevalence of wearable devices like smartwatches.
Experimental study and machine learning modeling of water removal efficiency from crude oil using demulsifier
Authors: Hashem H. H. , Kikhavani T. , Moradkhani M. A.
Published: April 2024

This study deals with the investigation of the water removal efficiency (WRE) from crude oil using a commercial demulsifier. The impacts of time, demulsifier concentration, and temperature on WRE were experimentally studied. The results implied the fact that temperature plays a substantial role in the demulsification and has a direct correlation with WRE. In addition, while increasing the concentration up to 40 ppm contributed to reaching a higher WRE, it did not have positive effects on efficiency at higher concentrations (overdose) and just led to more demulsifier consumption. The concentration dependence of WRE was also diminished at high temperatures. At higher levels of temperature and concentration, the time required to reach a high WRE was noticeably reduced. In order to generalize the findings of this study, the measured experimental data were employed to design predictive methods for WRE based on two smart soft-computing paradigms, including Multilayer perceptron (MLP) and Gaussian process regression (GPR). Despite the high accuracy of both models, the MLP model presented the best consistencies with experimental data with average absolute relative error and relative root mean squared error of 0.84%, and 0.01%, respectively during the testing (validation) step. Also, a visual description through the contour diagram confirmed the capability of the recently proposed models to describe the physical variations of WRE under various operating conditions. Ultimately, a sensitivity analysis based on the MLP model was undertaken to shed light on the order of significance of operational factors in controlling WRE. Overall, the findings of the current research, in turn, have a satisfactory contribution to the efficient design of the water removal process from crude oil based on demulsifiers.
The influence of AI on the economic growth of different regions in China
Authors: Lin Shuang , Wang Minke , Jing Chongyi , Zhang Shengda , Chen Jiuhao , Liu Rui
Published: April 2024

High-quality development plays a crucial role in China’s economic progress in the new era. It represents a new concept of advancement and mirrors the increasing aspirations of the populace for an improved standard of living. In this context, the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in promoting sustainable development cannot be overemphasized. This paper explores how AI technologies can drive the transition to a green, low-carbon and circular economy. We have established an index system to measure the development level of the artificial intelligence industry and the high-quality development of the economy, which is relevant to the current state of the artificial intelligence industry and the advancement of the economy. Panel data from 2008 to 2017 has been utilized for this purpose. Global principal component analysis method and entropy value method are employed in the evaluation. Through in-depth analysis of the application of artificial intelligence and environmental protection in various provinces and cities, we clarify that artificial intelligence promotes innovation, saves resources, and is conducive to the development of green economy in the new era.
The agreement between jugular bulb and cerebrospinal fluid lactate levels in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Park Jung Soo , You Yeonho , Kang Changshin , Jeong Wonjoon , Ahn Hong Joon , Min Jin Hong , In Yong Nam , Jeon So Young
Published: April 2024

We investigated the agreement between the jugular bulb (JB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate levels. The study was conducted from July 2021 to June 2023 as a prospective observational cohort study at a single center. The right jugular vein was accessed, and the placement of JB catheter tip was confirmed using lateral cervical spine X-ray. A lumbar catheter was inserted between the 3rd and 4th lumbar spine of the patient. Lactate levels were measured immediately, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after ROSC. In patients with a good neurological prognosis, kappa between JB and CSF lactate levels measured immediately, at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after ROSC were 0.08, 0.36, 0.14, − 0.05 (p = 0.65, 0.06, 0.48, and 0.75, respectively). However, in patients with a poor neurological prognosis, kappa between JB and CSF lactate levels measured immediately, at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after ROSC were 0.38, 0.21, 0.22, 0.12 (p = 0.001, 0.04, 0.04, and 0.27, respectively). This study demonstrated that JB lactate levels exhibited significant agreement with arterial lactate levels, compared to CSF lactate levels. Therefore, this should be considered when using JB lactate to monitor cerebral metabolism.
Exercise instruction during haemodialysis treatment after changes to the insurance regime: a nationwide questionnaire survey in Japan
Authors: Sofue Tadashi , Matsuzawa Ryota , Nishiwaki Hiroki , Tsuchida Yohei , Kosaki Keisei , Hoshino Junichi , Narita Ichiei , Yamagata Kunihiro
Published: April 2024

In April 2022, an additional medical fee for exercise instruction during haemodialysis treatment was approved for insurance claims in Japan. We conducted a questionnaire survey to investigate the current situation regarding exercise therapy during haemodialysis treatment after this change. Questionnaires were mailed to 4257 haemodialysis facilities, almost all the haemodialysis facilities in Japan, on January 31, 2023. In total, 1657 facilities responded, of which 550 (33%) provided exercise instruction during haemodialysis treatment, and 65% of these claimed the new fee. Of the 550 facilities that had claimed the fee at the time of survey, 245 (55%) started exercise instruction in April 2022 or later. Exercise instruction focused on resistance training (81%) and aerobic exercise (62%) for 20–30 min (66%) three times a week (80%). The instructors included physicians in 45% of facilities, nurses in 74%, and physical therapists in 36%. Efficacy was evaluated in 76% of the facilities providing instruction, mainly by assessing change in muscle strength (49%). Overall, 39% of facilities had experienced some adverse events, but none were life-threatening. In conclusion, after the change in the insurance regime, exercise instruction during haemodialysis treatment has become more popular, and more patients on haemodialysis are undergoing exercise therapy.
Discovery of gefitinib-1,2,3-triazole derivatives against lung cancer via inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the colony formation
Authors: Gao En , Wang Ya , Fan Gao-lu , Xu Guiqing , Wu Zi-Yuan , Liu Zi-Jun , Liu Jian-Cheng , Mao Long-Fei , Hou Xixi , Li Shouhu
Published: April 2024

A series of 20 novel gefitinib derivatives incorporating the 1,2,3-triazole moiety were designed and synthesized. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their potential anticancer activity against EGFR wild-type human non-small cell lung cancer cells (NCI-H1299, A549) and human lung adenocarcinoma cells (NCI-H1437) as non-small cell lung cancer. In comparison to gefitinib, Initial biological assessments revealed that several compounds exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity against these cancer cell lines. Notably, compounds 7a and 7j demonstrated the most pronounced effects, with an IC50 value of 3.94 ± 0.17 µmol L−1 (NCI-H1299), 3.16 ± 0.11 µmol L−1 (A549), and 1.83 ± 0.13 µmol L−1 (NCI-H1437) for 7a, and an IC50 value of 3.84 ± 0.22 µmol L−1 (NCI-H1299), 3.86 ± 0.38 µmol L−1 (A549), and 1.69 ± 0.25 µmol L−1 (NCI-H1437) for 7j. These two compounds could inhibit the colony formation and migration ability of H1299 cells, and induce apoptosis in H1299 cells. Acute toxicity experiments on mice demonstrated that compound 7a exhibited low toxicity in mice. Based on these results, it is proposed that 7a and 7j could potentially be developed as novel drugs for the treatment of lung cancer.
Mitochondrial enzyme FAHD1 reduces ROS in osteosarcoma
Authors: Heberle Anne , Cappuccio Elia , Andric Andreas , Kuen Tatjana , Simonini Anna , Weiss Alexander K. H.
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the impact of overexpressing the mitochondrial enzyme Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain-containing protein 1 (FAHD1) in human osteosarcoma epithelial cells (U2OS) in vitro. While the downregulation or knockdown of FAHD1 has been extensively researched in various cell types, this study aimed to pioneer the exploration of how increased catalytic activity of human FAHD1 isoform 1 (hFAHD1.1) affects human cell metabolism. Our hypothesis posited that elevation in FAHD1 activity would lead to depletion of mitochondrial oxaloacetate levels. This depletion could potentially result in a decrease in the flux of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, thereby accompanied by reduced ROS production. In addition to hFAHD1.1 overexpression, stable U2OS cell lines were established overexpressing a catalytically enhanced variant (T192S) and a loss-of-function variant (K123A) of hFAHD1. It is noteworthy that homologs of the T192S variant are present in animals exhibiting increased resistance to oxidative stress and cancer. Our findings demonstrate that heightened activity of the mitochondrial enzyme FAHD1 decreases cellular ROS levels in U2OS cells. However, these results also prompt a series of intriguing questions regarding the potential role of FAHD1 in mitochondrial metabolism and cellular development.
Formation mechanisms and environmental influences on the crystal growth of wulfenite
Authors: Gračanin Nik , Podlogar Matejka , Semsari Parapari Sorour , Boulet Pascal , Ruiz-Zepeda Francisco , Šturm Sašo , Rogan Šmuc Nastja
Published: April 2024

In this study, we introduce a novel approach using correlative analysis techniques to unravel detailed insights into the environmental influences on crystal growth. Tabular and bipyramidal wulfenite samples from the Mežica mine in north-eastern Slovenia were analysed to combine the morphological aspects of crystal growth with the atomic-resolution reconstruction of the positions of lead (Pb) and molybdenum (Mo) atoms in the parent crystal lattice. These combined data also allow us to present the formation mechanism that enables the development of bipyramidal or tabular morphologies in wulfenite. The bipyramidal and tabular crystals are chemically pure wulfenite (PbMoO4), as confirmed by various advanced diffraction and spectroscopy techniques. However, each habit includes multiple inclusions, mostly consisting of carbonates, Pb-Fe oxides, Pb oxides and, more rarely, Pb vanadate (descloizite). The differences in the morphologies can be attributed to compositional changes during precipitation from a meteoric solution and thus, we propose a growth mechanism consisting of three different phases of growth. This innovative approach emphasises the importance of understanding the origin of crystal habits, as can help to decipher how external influences can affect the crystal structure and its surface, leading to the dissolution of preferred surfaces and the selective release of Pb and Mo.
Iron status and sarcopenia-related traits: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Honggu , Zhang Ziyi , Wang Yizhe , Ma Anpei , Li Lingbo , Zhao Guoyang
Published: April 2024

Although serum iron status and sarcopenia are closely linked, the presence of comprehensive evidence to establish a causal relationship between them remains insufficient. The objective of this study is to employ Mendelian randomization techniques to clarify the association between serum iron status and sarcopenia. We conducted a bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the potential causal relationship between iron status and sarcopenia. MR analyses were performed using inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted to verify the reliability of the causal association results. Then, we harvested a combination of SNPs as an integrated proxy for iron status to perform a MVMR analysis based on IVW MVMR model. UVMR analyses based on IVW method identified causal effect of ferritin on appendicular lean mass (ALM, β = − 0.051, 95% CI − 0.072, − 0.031, p = 7.325 × 10–07). Sensitivity analyses did not detect pleiotropic effects or result fluctuation by outlying SNPs in the effect estimates of four iron status on sarcopenia-related traits. After adjusting for PA, the analysis still revealed that each standard deviation higher genetically predicted ferritin was associated with lower ALM (β = − 0.054, 95% CI − 0.092, − 0.015, p = 0.006). Further, MVMR analyses determined a predominant role of ferritin (β = − 0.068, 95% CI − 0.12, − 0.017, p = 9.658 × 10–03) in the associations of iron status with ALM. Our study revealed a causal association between serum iron status and sarcopenia, with ferritin playing a key role in this relationship. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex interplay between iron metabolism and muscle health.
Opportunities and challenges of integrating artificial intelligence in China's elderly care services
Authors: Zhao Yongyan , Li Jian
Published: April 2024

The challenge of elderly care presents a formidable task, demanding the collective attention of governmental bodies and diverse sectors of society. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the research and development of Social Elderly Care Service (ECS) has emerged as a dominant trend, holding substantial importance in the establishment of an efficient ECS system. This study aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for the advancement of China's ECS system, achieved through the harmonious integration of a social ECS system with AI capabilities. This paper introduces the fundamental theory of AI, delving into the intricacies of the greyscale model of AI. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the current landscape of elderly care and elder care institutions, offering scientific data and insights to propel further research on AI development and system construction. Through an analysis of the existing research status, the study identifies prevalent issues within the AI-ECS integration, emphasizing pivotal factors influencing the construction of a robust social ECS system. To address these concerns, the study puts forth specific and viable policy recommendations. Notably, the questionnaire's statistics underscore that 83% of the elderly populace would opt for AI-driven solutions in selecting intelligent products, thereby underscoring the pivotal role of AI within the social ECS system. The challenges facing elderly care systems, including demographic shifts, resource constraints, and evolving societal norms, demand innovative solutions for providing efficient and effective care. This study addresses these challenges by exploring the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Social Elderly Care Services (ECS) in China. By delving into the theory of AI and assessing the existing research status, the study identifies key issues in AI-ECS integration and proposes viable policy recommendations. Insights from stakeholder surveys further highlight the importance of AI-driven solutions in meeting the needs of the elderly population.
A viral assembly inhibitor blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication in airway epithelial cells
Authors: Du Li , Deiter Fred , Bouzidi Mohamed S. , Billaud Jean-Noël , Simmons Graham , Dabral Prerna , Selvarajah Suganya , Lingappa Anuradha F. , Michon Maya , Yu Shao Feng , Paulvannan Kumar , Manicassamy Balaji , Lingappa Vishwanath R. , Boushey Homer , Greenland John R. , Pillai Satish K.
Published: April 2024

The ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 to evade vaccines and therapeutics underlines the need for innovative therapies with high genetic barriers to resistance. Therefore, there is pronounced interest in identifying new pharmacological targets in the SARS-CoV-2 viral life cycle. The small molecule PAV-104, identified through a cell-free protein synthesis and assembly screen, was recently shown to target host protein assembly machinery in a manner specific to viral assembly. In this study, we investigate the capacity of PAV-104 to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human airway epithelial cells (AECs). We show that PAV-104 inhibits >99% of infection with diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants in immortalized AECs, and in primary human AECs cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) to represent the lung microenvironment in vivo. Our data demonstrate that PAV-104 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 production without affecting viral entry, mRNA transcription, or protein synthesis. PAV-104 interacts with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and interferes with its oligomerization, blocking particle assembly. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that PAV-104 reverses SARS-CoV-2 induction of the type-I interferon response and the maturation of nucleoprotein signaling pathway known to support coronavirus replication. Our findings suggest that PAV-104 is a promising therapeutic candidate for COVID-19 with a mechanism of action that is distinct from existing clinical management approaches.
SUCLG1 restricts POLRMT succinylation to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and leukemia progression
Authors: Yan Weiwei , Xie Chengmei , Sun Sijun , Zheng Quan , Wang Jingyi , Wang Zihao , Man Cheuk-Him , Wang Haiyan , Yang Yunfan , Wang Tianshi , Shi Leilei , Zhang Shengjie , Huang Chen , Xu Shuangnian , Wang Yi-Ping
Published: April 2024

Mitochondria are cellular powerhouses that generate energy through the electron transport chain (ETC). The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) encodes essential ETC proteins in a compartmentalized manner, however, the mechanism underlying metabolic regulation of mtDNA function remains unknown. Here, we report that expression of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme succinate-CoA ligase SUCLG1 strongly correlates with ETC genes across various TCGA cancer transcriptomes. Mechanistically, SUCLG1 restricts succinyl-CoA levels to suppress the succinylation of mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT). Lysine 622 succinylation disrupts the interaction of POLRMT with mtDNA and mitochondrial transcription factors. SUCLG1-mediated POLRMT hyposuccinylation maintains mtDNA transcription, mitochondrial biogenesis, and leukemia cell proliferation. Specifically, leukemia-promoting FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations modulate nuclear transcription and upregulate SUCLG1 expression to reduce succinyl-CoA and POLRMT succinylation, resulting in enhanced mitobiogenesis. In line, genetic depletion of POLRMT or SUCLG1 significantly delays disease progression in mouse and humanized leukemia models. Importantly, succinyl-CoA level and POLRMT succinylation are downregulated in FLT3-mutated clinical leukemia samples, linking enhanced mitobiogenesis to cancer progression. Together, SUCLG1 connects succinyl-CoA with POLRMT succinylation to modulate mitochondrial function and cancer development.
Average collision velocity of single yeast cells during electrochemically induced impacts
Authors: Lutkenhaus John A. , Ahmed Junaid U. , Hasan Mehedi , Prosser Derek C. , Alvarez Julio C.
Published: April 2024

Single-cells encode current–time signals only when moving inside the sensitive region, because perturbations of Fe(CN)64−-flux in the non-sensitive region fall within the noise level set by the ratio of cell/ultramicroelectrode radius.
Green synthesis for diverse bioactive benzo-fused spiroindolines through DBU-catalysed post-Ugi double cyclization
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Chen Mengxiao , Zhou Wenlu , Ni Dan , Li Zhenghua , Nie Shenyou , He Yi
Published: April 2024

A metal-free protocol utilizing DBU catalysis for post-Ugi amide-ester exchange and Conia-ene double cyclization has been successfully developed, allowing the synthesis of diverse highly functionalized benzo-fused spiroindolines with anti-cancer activities under mild conditions.
Effect of the incorporation of gallium ions into silver indium sulfide nanocrystals
Authors: Ban Jiyeon , Eom So Young , Lee Hak June , An Mai Ngoc , Cho Beomsu , Lee Yong Ho , Bae Wan Ki , Jeong Kwang Seob
Published: April 2024

The effect of Ga ion incorporation into silver indium gallium sulfide nanocrystals on the structure and optical properties is reported.
Electronic structure analysis and DFT benchmarking of Rydberg-type alkali-metal-crown ether, -cryptand, and -adamanzane complexes
Authors: Ariyarathna Isuru R.
Published: April 2024

Low-lying electronic structures of Rydberg-type complexes were studied using electron propagator theory and various density functionals. The range-separated hybrid CAM-B3LYP can predict their excitation energies and ionization energies accurately.
Size-dependent reactivity of VnO+ (n = 1–9) clusters with ethane
Authors: Zhou Hang , Ruan Man , Liu Qing-Yu , Zhao Yan-Xia , Wang Rui-Yong , Yang Yuan , He Sheng-Gui
Published: April 2024

The addition of ligand O affects the charge distribution of the metal centers in VnO+ (n = 1−9) cluster cations, resulting in a significant increase in the cluster reactivity. The agostic interaction determines the size-dependent reactivity of VnO+ cluster cations. This study provides a novel approach for improving the reactivity of early 3d transition metals.
Theoretical insight into H2O impact on V2O5/TiO2 catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NOx
Authors: Wu Boyu , Zhang Shengen , Huang Mingtian , Zhang Shengyang , Liu Bo , Zhang Bolin
Published: April 2024

A low level of water in fuel gas enhances the adsorption of NH3 and potentially the reaction rate of SCR of NOx. A high level of water decreases the Lewis acidity and the adsorption of NH3, and hinders the removal rate of NOx.
An eminent approach towards next generation solvents for sustainable packaging and stability of enzymes: a comprehensive study of ionic liquid and deep eutectic solvent mixtures
Authors: Fatima Urooj , Deenadayalu Nirmala , Venkatesu Pannuru
Published: April 2024

Hybrid ionic fluids (HIFs) are newly emerging and fascinating sustainable solvent media, which are attracting a great deal of scientific interest in protecting the native structure of proteins.
Field-dependent THz transport nonlinearities in semiconductor nano structures
Authors: Wach Quentin , Quick Michael T. , Ayari Sabrine , Achtstein Alexander W.
Published: April 2024

Our results predict strongly field-dependent nonlinear charge carrier mobility and intra-pulse gain in semiconductor nanostructures using master equations. The size and temperature dependence is analyzed.
Magneto-structural correlation in lanthanide luminescent [2.2]paracyclophane-based single-molecule magnets
Authors: Flichot Hadrien , Sickinger Annika , Brom Jules , Lefeuvre Bertrand , Dorcet Vincent , Guizouarn Thierry , Cador Olivier , Le Guennic Boris , Micouin Laurent , Maury Olivier , Benedetti Erica , Pointillart Fabrice
Published: April 2024

Lanthanide coordination complexes involving [2.2]paracyclophane (pCp) were designed. A magneto-structural correlation was realized for the Yb(iii) luminescent field-induced single-molecule magnets (SMMs).
Correction: Therapeutic effects of a walnut-derived peptide on NLRP3 inflammasome activation, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive dysfunction in T2DM mice
Authors: Li Yanru , Dang Qiao , Shen Yue , Guo Linxin , Liu Chunlei , Wu Dan , Fang Li , Leng Yue , Min Weihong
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Therapeutic effects of a walnut-derived peptide on NLRP3 inflammasome activation, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive dysfunction in T2DM mice’ by Yanru Li et al., Food Funct., 2024, 15, 2295–2313, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3FO05076A.
Long-lived triplet state carbon nitride (urea-CNx) catalyzed metal-free photo-ATRP with oxygen acceleration
Authors: Wang Chen , Hu Bo , Guo Xiaoyu , Lei Lin
Published: April 2024

A long-lived triplet state urea-functionalized carbon nitride (urea-CNx) was successfully synthesized and applied as a recyclable and efficient photocatalyst for metal free photo-ATRP without any co-catalyst.
Automated dynamic inlet microfluidics system: 3D printer adaptation for cost-effective, low volume, on-demand multi-analyte droplet generator
Authors: Zia Abdul Basit , Farrell Justin , Foulds Ian G.
Published: April 2024

The study shows the modification of a 3D printer to create a cost-effective (70% lower), automated microfluidic system for generating monodisperse droplet libraries from standard well plates. It can create droplet libraries with constant or variable volumes from either single or multiple analytes.
Facile synthesis of spiro-pyrazolone-tetrahydrofurans/pyrans: ipso-cyclization of arylidene pyrazolones with haloalcohols
Authors: Gond Kavyashree Kuppayya , Maddani Mahagundappa Rachappa
Published: April 2024

Facile synthesis of spiro-pyrazolone-tetrahydrofurans & pyrans by base-mediated cascade ipso-cyclization of haloalcohols & arylidine pyrazolones is realised. Features include brief reaction time, practicality, good yields and mild reaction conditions.
Tuning the morphology and chemical distribution of Ag atoms in Au rich nanoparticles using electrochemical dealloying
Authors: Dworzak Alexandra , Paciok Paul , Mahr Christoph , Heggen Marc , Dosche Carsten , Rosenauer Andreas , Oezaslan Mehtap
Published: April 2024

Dealloying of Ag–Au nanoparticles strongly differs from bulk alloys and is controlled by electrochemical conditions and Au surface atom mobility.
In situ self-assembly of molybdenum carbide and iron carbide heterostructures on N-doped carbon for an efficient oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Ingavale Sagar , Gopalakrishnan Mohan , Marbaniang Phiralang , Lao-atiman Woranunt , Mohamad Ahmad Azmin , Nguyen Mai Thanh , Yonezawa Tetsu , Swami Anita , Kheawhom Soorathep
Published: April 2024

This study presents a novel, Pt-free Mo2C/Fe3C on N-doped carbon catalyst synthesized via eco-friendly, low-cost, low-temperature self-assembly. It demonstrates superior ORR performance, presenting a significant breakthrough for Zn–air batteries.
Correction: Lattice engineering of noble metal-based nanomaterials via metal–nonmetal interactions for catalytic applications
Authors: Zheng Long , Xu Lei , Gu Ping , Chen Ye
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Lattice engineering of noble metal-based nanomaterials via metal–nonmetal interactions for catalytic applications’ by Long Zheng et al., Nanoscale, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr00561a.
Facile synthesis of tetrahydroquinoline containing dithiocarbamate derivatives via one-pot sequential multicomponent reaction
Authors: Senapati Siddhartha Kumar , Pal Anit , Das Animesh
Published: April 2024

An efficient sequential multi-component method for the synthesis of tertrahydroquinoline containing dithiocarbamates has been developed.
Correction: Photocatalytic degradation of drugs and dyes using a machine learning approach
Authors: Anandhi Ganesan , Iyapparaja M.
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Photocatalytic degradation of drugs and dyes using a machine learning approach’ by Ganesan Anandhi et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 9003–9019, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA00711E.
Widening university participation in learning using students’ contextualised storytelling in general chemistry
Authors: Ho Karen , Luong Yen , Sherwood Carl , Clark Douglas B.
Published: April 2024

Many students find introductory general chemistry courses difficult because they feel alienated by traditional approaches to teaching and learning. This can become particularly problematic in laboratory sessions where students simply follow processes and procedures that students can view as being mundane and lacking creativity. Contextualised storytelling offers a novel pedagogical approach to help students connect and make sense of chemistry ideas in the context of their own life experiences. The current study implemented the CLEAR (chemistry learning via experiential academic reflection) approach to contextualised storytelling as a sequence of four assignments across a laboratory course for first-year students. The research explored students’ experiences writing contextualised stories to make sense of and learn chemistry. Using hermeneutics as a methodology, the data collected included participants’ written contextualised stories, semi-structured interview recordings, and field notes. While the CLEAR approach differs from other approaches to storytelling in chemistry education, the current study suggests that CLEAR can make positive contributions to student learning. The findings showed that, although many students initially resisted or felt confused by the new approach, CLEAR helped students see the connection and relevance of chemistry concepts to their lives. Students also recognized the importance of self-directed learning while writing their CLEAR stories, which suggests that CLEAR engaged students in learning that was active and organic. Furthermore, writing CLEAR stories supported students in talking to people about scientific concepts they learned in class, which suggests that writing the CLEAR stories: (a) helped students find the relevancy of the ideas to the degree that they felt they could share the ideas in their own words outside of class and (b) increased students’ interest in the course and what they were learning to the degree that they wanted to share it. Implementing CLEAR as multiple assignments across the course appears important and valuable because students refined their thinking and writing skills through iteration within and across CLEAR stories.
Observation of super-Nernstian proton-coupled electron transfer and elucidation of nature of charge carriers in a multiredox conjugated polymer
Authors: Tran Duyen K. , West Sarah M. , Speck Elizabeth M. K. , Jenekhe Samson A.
Published: April 2024

Observation of super-Nernstian proton-coupled electron transfer behavior with two protons per electron transferred in an electrochemically n-doped redox conjugated polymer.
DNA-directed formation of plasmonic core–satellite nanostructures for quantification of hepatitis C viral RNA
Authors: Jaitpal Siddhant , Ng Ka Wai , San Juan Angela Michelle , Martinez Cecilia , Phillips Christian , Tripathy Sayantan , Mabbott Samuel
Published: April 2024

We introduce a new non-enzymatic method that detects HCV-RNA and forms gold nanoparticle assemblies for quantification through colorimetric and spectroscopic means.
Synthesis and structural design of microspheres comprising cellulose nanofibers and artificial lignin polymer by enzyme-mediated Pickering emulsion templating
Authors: Tanaka Yuna , Li Qi , Hatakeyama Mayumi , Kitaoka Takuya
Published: April 2024

An enzyme-mediated Pickering emulsion templating strategy to fabricate spherical microparticles comprising cellulose nanofibers and artificial lignin expands the greater use of renewable, carbon dioxide-fixed wood in green cosmetics.
Viewpoint on the Benefit of Hearing Care on Cognitive Health
Authors: Stropahl Maren , Scherpiet Sigrid , Launer Stefan
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to provide a viewpoint on the recently published results showing the positive effect hearing intervention can have on mitigating the risk of cognitive decline in elderly individuals with hearing impairment. We intend to trigger a broader discussion on the implications of these results from an implementation science perspective.

Methods:

Recently published results were reviewed and contextualized.

Results:

In our view, these recent findings provide a great opportunity for hearing care professionals to change the perspective on hearing care being an essential service that contributes not only to managing challenges with audibility but to enabling healthy living and aging.

Conclusion:

As exciting as these findings are, from our perspective, they are also a call to action for the audiology field in terms of clinical implementation science. The findings guide us toward a more interprofessional approach in order to develop and test new, more holistic models of hearing care.
Inferential Comprehension Abilities in French-Speaking Preschoolers Exposed to Neglect in the Early Longitudinal Language and Neglect Study
Authors: Filiatrault-Veilleux Pamela , Desmarais Chantal , Bouchard Caroline , Esau Breanne , Sylvestre Audette
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Using a longitudinal design, this study aimed to describe inferential comprehension abilities of neglected French-speaking preschool children from 42 to 66 months of age in comparison to non-neglected peers, to examine the association with receptive vocabulary, and to determine whether rates of change in inferential abilities over time was stable between the two group conditions.

Method:

An inferential comprehension task and the French version of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition were administered to a group of neglected children (
n
= 37–40) and to a group of same-age non-neglected children (
n
= 71–91) at 42, 54, and 66 months old, as part of the Early Longitudinal Language and Neglect study.

Results:

Results show that children exposed to neglect obtain significantly lower scores compared to their same-age peers on inferential comprehension and receptive vocabulary measures at all three time points (
p
< .001) with large to very large effect sizes and indicate moderate to strong correlations between the two variables. Children from the neglected group present difficulties in inferencing compared to same-age non-neglected peers, a disadvantage that remains stable over time.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates the significant gap in inferential comprehension abilities between neglected and non-neglected preschool children. These results reiterate the importance of early detection of language comprehension difficulties in young children coming from vulnerable environments.
DQN based coverage control for multi‐agent system in line intersection region
Authors: Lei Zuo , Tengfei Zhang , Jinqi Zhang , Maode Yan
Published: April 2024

Generally, the coverage control is studied in a convex region, in which the agent kinematics and the coverage environment both have strong limitations. It is difficult to directly apply these results to practical scenarios, such as the road environment or indoor environment. In this study, the multi‐agent coverage control problems in a line intersection region is investigated, where the agents can only move along the given lines. To present the agents motion in this line intersection region, the moving directions and velocities of the agents are analyzed in the first part. Then, the coverage control model for the multi‐agent system in line intersection region is presented, in which the cost function is provided based on the agent's minimum moving distance and the agent motions are used as the constraints. To solve this constrained coverage problem, the deep Q‐learning network (DQN) is employed to find the optimal positions for each agent in the line intersection region. In final, numerical simulations are presented to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed approaches.