bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing and Data Analysis of Heat-Set Web Offset Materials Based on the ISO Standard
Authors: Zhu Yong Shuang , Wang Li Jie , Chen Tian
Published: July 2013

In this paper, common heat-set web offset printing materials, paper and ink were tested based on ISO standards. We analyzed the datum of paper and ink to see the degree of compliance with the ISO standards,thus obtained the characteristics of the commonly used paper and ink in China in terms of their response to the color.The purpose of the analysis is to provide a reference for the implementation and controlling of enterprise printing standardization process.
The Interference Suppression in Pulse Sequence Signal Measurement for Calibration in Outdoor Field
Authors: Niu Man Ke , Lei Zheng Wei , Yang Bao Qiang
Published: July 2013

In a kind of large test system, the whole equipment is constituted of many multiple subsystems. These subsystems become one by the interconnection. During the measuring and calibrating procedure for the test system at the outdoor training venue, there are several multiple pulse sequence signals amplitude and cycle period need to measured, because of the complexity of the system composing structure and the ever-changing for practical training environment, the signal being measured is often subject to strong noise interference. In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the measuring results, thus we can provide effective and reliable data reference for the effectiveness of the equipment systems, we must do in-depth analysis for actual interference, and to take effective method to suppress the interference.
Self-Assembling Poly(ethylene glycol)/Poly-γ-glutamic Acid Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery and Plasmid DNA
Authors: Ge Yang , Lu Ke Shuai , Su Xue Yan
Published: July 2013

These stable self-assembled nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy,which demonstrated that the nanosystem consists of spherical particles with a smooth surface both in aqueous environment and in dried state. Toxicity measurements showed that the composition is nontoxic when tested either on cell cultures or in animal feeding experiments. To evaluate the potential of the nanosystem for intracellular drug delivery and gene, the nanoparticles were fluorescently labeled and folic acid was attached as a cancer cell-specific targeting moiety. The quantitative data obtained by digital processing of the intensity of green color of each pixel in the pictures inside the cell boundaries and total intensity of fluorescence inside the cells showed thattargeted particles internalized into the cells significantly faster and the total accumulation of these particles was substantially higher in the cancer cells.
Effects of Film Thickness on Resistive Switching Characteristics of ZnO Based ReRAM
Authors: Xi Jun Hua , Chen Xue Ping , Li Hong Xia , Zhang Jun , Ji Zhen Guo
Published: July 2013

ZnO thin films were deposited on heavily doped silicon wafer by DC magnetron sputtering and the Cu electrodes were evaporated on ZnO/ n+-Si by electric beam evaporation to get Cu/ZnO/n+-Si resistive random access memory (ReRAM). The forming, reset and set processes of the devices were investigated using filamentary model. The effects of film thickness on the crystalline structure of the ZnO thin films and the resistive switching characteristics of the fabricated devices were investigated. The diffraction peak intensity and crystal size increased with increasing film thickness, which shows better crystallization. Cu/ZnO/n+-Si structured device exhibits reversible and steady unipolar resistive switching behaviors. The film thickness had great effect on the forming process of the prepared devices, while the values of Vset increased and Vreset varied little with increasing the film thickness.
Influence of Oxygen Annealing on Electromagnetic Properties of Low Temperature Fired Ferrite/Ceramic Composite Materials
Authors: Ling Wei Wei , Ma Wen Ying , Xu Cheng Xin , Chen Zhu
Published: July 2013

Ni-Cu-Zn ferrite (NCZF) /BaTiO3 (BT) composites with different mass ratios of BT/NCZF (x) were prepared at 900°C with suitable fluxing agents. The sintered samples were then annealed in oxygen to reduce the amount of Fe2+ ions. Influence of annealing on electromagnetic properties and frequency characteristics of the samples has been investigated. The Snoek product can be somewhat improved by annealing in samples with x=10wt%, 20wt%, and 30wt%. The dielectric properties can be obviously improved in samples with x=10wt% and 30wt% after annealing in O2.
Number Modeling of Deformation Behavior for Al-Based Powders Coated on Magnesium Alloy by Supersonic Particles Deposition
Authors: Wang Xiao Ming , Zhu Sheng , Chang Qing , Feng Xue Qiang , Liu Yu Xiang
Published: July 2013

Deposition behavior of Al-Si particles coated on magnesium alloy by Supersonic Particles Deposition (SPD) was investigated by numerical stimulation. The results demonstrated that critical velocity for Al-Si particle to deposit successfully on ZM5 magnesium alloy was about 700m/s; At collision interface, the temperature gradient increased, effective plastic strain change suddenly and stress reduce rapidly to zero. The compression ratio of deposited particles increased. Contacting area at interface enlarged with particle initial velocity increasing. Meanwhile, experimental observation of surface and cross-section morphology of Al-Si coating on magnesium alloy exhibited that, intact particles, fragmented particles and fine particles co-existed in the coating. And the coating was formed by mechanical bonding and metallurgical bonding.
Wear Properties of (Ti,V)C/Fe Composite
Authors: Xu Hong , Ding Yi Chao , Wang Jing
Published: July 2013

(Ti,V)C particles reinforced Fe-based surface composite coatings were fabricated by in-situ synthesis and powder metallurgy route. The microstructure and wear properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and dry sliding wear test. The results show that fine (Ti,V)C particulates distribute uniformly in pearlite matrix; when V/Ti atomic ratio is 0.4, the wear weight loss of the composites achieve minimum.
Photochemistry of Azobenzene Side-Chains Liquid Crystalline Containing Pendant Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsequioxanes (POSS)
Authors: Wang Xiao Tao , Ye Xiao Tie , Li Zhen Hua , Liu Zui Fang
Published: July 2013

Liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) and the copolymer of LCOand Pendant Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsequioxanes (LCP-POSS) showed the first-order photoisomerization reaction. As compared with LCP, the photoisomerization rate constant of LCP-POSS decreased a little. With a higher thermal stability and more stable LC behavior as well as a little decreased photoisomerization rate constant, the incorporation of POSS to azobenzene liquid crystalline polymers may have significant sense and will definitely play a key role in developing novel high-performance optic and photonic nanodevices.
Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Study on Electrochemical Deburring of Miniature Holes
Authors: Wei Ze Fei , Zheng Xing Hua , Yu Zi Yuan
Published: July 2013

The paper mainly focused on burr removal of the miniature hole drilled on aluminum plate by electrochemical machining. A mathematical model for the electrochemical deburring of miniature holes (M-ECD) was established based on the finite element analysis to the current density distribution. Both theoretical analysis and experimental study were held on the effects of many factors to the deburring results. The results proved that predictions based on our mathematical model were agreed with the experimental data comparatively.
A Study of Primary Factors Influencing the Properties of Plating Throwing Power for Printed Circuit Boards
Authors: Chen Yuanming , Chen Yuang Ming , Wang Shou Xu , He Wei , Zhang Jia
Published: July 2013

High throwing power (TP) copper electroplating has become increasingly important for interconnect fabrication in IC packaging substrates and printed circuit boards (PCB) due to the demands of electronic products with high-density interconnection (HDI). In this study, the factors that influence throwing power of PCB such as plating liquid concentration, current density, organic additive composition and vibration frequency have been investigated. The results showed that, within the scope of this study, with the increase of the current density, PCB throwing power ability decreased gradually, descending grade range up to 5%. Throwing power ability gradually increased as different vibration frequency from 10s to 30s. The orthogonal experimental design was employed to investigate key factors out of all available operation parameters to influence TP. It turned out that the copper sulfate concentration of 30g/L, a current density of 5 ASF, a brightener concentration of 60ml/ kAH and the vibration frequency of 30s are advantageous to achieve best throwing power in the electrodeposition processes.
A Mix Proportion Design Method of Manufactured Sand Cement Concrete Based on Ultra-Filled
Authors: Ke Guo Ju , Tian Bo , Wang Ji Liang
Published: July 2013

The paper presents a new concept of ultra-filled by studying of classical aggregate filling theory. To resolve the problem involved in mix design with ultra-filled theory, a mix proportion design method of manufactured sand cement concrete is established. By calculation and test, the paper works out the rich plasma factor K1and K2of pavement manufactured cement concrete and the experimental result shows that the method is feasible and reasonable.
Experimental Research of the Performance of the Integrated Piston-Plunger Pump
Authors: Dai Zuo Qiang , Zhang Tie Zhu , Wei Yu
Published: July 2013

The integrated piston-plunger pump integrated the piston engine and plunger pump technology as a whole. The hydrodynamic power was produced by the piston reciprocating rectilinear motion. The test showed that output pressure of the total working conditions of the pump was improved by 15.21% to 76.61%, output flow reduced by 0.69% to 2.13% and output power increased by 13.63% to 74.75%, compared with piston engine driving piston pump system. The rated output index was achieved under the 80% throttle, the output pressure of 1.15MPa, the output flow of 4.8m3/h and the corresponding rotate speed of the pump about 1900r/min. The integrated piston-plunger pump had correct working principle and operates normally, achieving the desired design function.
Protective Effect of Herbal Compound Beverage of Radix astragali on Immunosuppressed Mice Induced by Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Liu Yan Ping , Qi Yu Gang , Liu An Jun , Zhang Xiao Wei , Teng An Guo , Tang Juan , Zhang Wen Juan , Shi Long Gui
Published: July 2013

In this study, the herbal compound beverage of Radix astragali (HCBRA) was explored and the immuno-enhancement effects of HCBRA were studied in immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy). HCBRA consisted of a water extract of the mixed herbal drugs Radix astragali, Golden-silk jujube, Acanthopanax senticosus fruit, Schisandra chinensis, Glycyrrhiza, Ginger, Peppermint. Compound polysaccharide content calculated as glucose equivalents was 120mg glucose/100mL beverage. The BALB/c mice were gavaged (i.g) once daily with the dosages (2.27, 4.55g, 9.10g raw materials /(kg.bw))of HCBRA for 14 consecutive days, respectively, accompanied by i.p. injection of Cy (80mg/(kg.bw)) at the first three days. The results showed that HCBRA was able to overcome the Cy-induced immunosuppression, significantly increased spleen index and peripheral white blood cell counts, enhanced T cell and B cell proliferation responses, improved splenic nature killer cell activity and peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis. In summary, HCBRA enhanced immunologic functions in vivo. These results offered scientific evidence to prove the efficacy of HCBRA.
The Product Types Choosing Based on Product Service Characteristics Table
Authors: Hao Hu , Lu Yu Jun , Qin Ju Yin , Liang Ling Lin , Lin Lu
Published: July 2013

In order to define the relationship between various product working conditions and product types choosing design, product types choosing method according to product service characteristics as design requirement is put forward. First product service characteristics table was defined，secondly product service characteristics vector as fuzzy neural network's input, product service records were employed to train fuzzy neural network, then the result of product types choosing was gained through synthesizing output of fuzzy neural network based on the power of each product service characteristics vector, finally the example of railway carriage bearing was adopt to explain above research approach.
An Optimized Design of Injection Molding Process Parameters for Supporting-Foot Plastic Part Based on CAE
Authors: Chen Xiao Yong
Published: July 2013

In this paper, an optimized method of orthogonal experiment design is studied to determine the processing parameters in order to minimize the warpage of the supporting-foot plastic part. Considering the injection processing parameters such as melt temperature, mold temperature, injection time, packing pressure and packing time, a series of CAE simulation experiments are applied to reveal the warpage. The relative significance of each processing parameter on warpage is also acquired based on the range analysis of the results. Finally, verification test with the optimal levels of the processing parameters is also carried out.
Design of Wearable Lower Limb Rehabilitation Device
Authors: Mo Jia Jia , Chiu Yi Jui , Chen Dar Zen
Published: July 2013

We propose a lower limb rehabilitation device to assist people with impairment in regaining the ability of legs. The device consists of links and the installation of springs, the features are as follows: (1) it is semi-passive and home-based, allowing stroke patients to conduct lower limb movement under their own control; (2) the structure is simple and the weight is light, but it has the similar benefit as other therapeutic robots; (3) Biodex and Electromyography (EMG) are utilized to analyze the device. The result shows rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles are well trained.
Design and Simulation of Cavity Parts Based on MasterCAM
Authors: Cui Yan Bin , Li Hui
Published: July 2013

The paper describes the whole process of design of the cavity parts taking the ashtay ,which is common in our life, as an example.Firstly,using MasterCAM to complete the model design of ashtray, rough set, tool path settings and NC program.Secondly,editing the program.finally using the Guangzhou NC machining to complete the process of NC machining simulation.The results show the processing form model design to simulation can be completed, the final results is almost ideals. Keywords: MasterCAM,Cavity design,Machining Simulation
Preparation of New Anti-Slip Flooring Coatings: Hydrophobic MMA Floor Coatings
Authors: Lin Shu Le , Cai Hui Hua
Published: July 2013

For the first time, hydrophobic MMA floor coatings were prepared based on the fluorine-containing methacrylic ester copolymers and applied as a new kind of anti-slip flooring coatings. The composition of the synthesized copolymers was characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. The prepared hydrophobic MMA floor coatings were analyzed for their coating properties. The hydrophobic properties of the coatings were characterized by static and dynamic contact angles and X-ray photo-electronic spectroscopy (XPS). Results show that the newly prepared floor coatings are easy to apply and have excellent mechanical and hydrophobic properties, which indicates that the hydrophobic MMA floor coatings have great potential applications in anti-slip flooring coatings.
On the Mechanism of Inter-Organizational Knowledge Creation in the Knowledge Network from the Perspective of Nonlinear Interaction
Authors: Peng Shuang , Wang Da Ming , Yu Wei Xin
Published: July 2013

The article explores the mechanism of the knowledge creation through inter-organizational cooperation between the knowledge network members, and concludes that the new knowledge come from the nonlinear interaction between the knowledge network and its external environment, between the internal elements of the knowledge network, and between different kinds of knowledge.
Flow Behavior of 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Zhang Jian Bin , Yu Dong Mei , Niu Shao Rui , Ji Gen Shun
Published: July 2013

The tensile test of casting ferritic stainless steel was conducted on SHIMADZU AG-10 at different temperatures of 300, 500, 600, 700, 800, and 950°C, respectively. The engineering stress-strain curves with the thermal deformation at the different temperatures, the tensile strength and elongation curves were obtained. Metallographic test samples were prepared and the morphology of deforming zone was observed by optical microscopy. The experimental results showed that the tensile strength of the test samples decreased with increasing temperature. From 300 to 500°C, the work hardening occurred and the tensile strength increased with increasing engineering strain. The softening occurred and the tensile strength decreased with increasing engineering strain at temperatures from 600 to 950°C. The strength of 430 stainless steel decreased, and the plasticity increased with the increase in temperature. The fractures were basically intergranular fractures within the range of 300~950°C. A transition occurred to the form of fracture from the ductile to the brittle, which might be related to the nitrogen atom in the 430. Grain deformation along specimen tensile direction concentrated in the necking region, where appeared banded structure in martensite. The organization at the edge of the sample was fine, while the organization at the central region was coarser.
Main Circuit Parameter Design of Permanent Magnetic Direct-Drive Wind Power Generating System
Authors: Li Wei Wei , Gao Qing Hua
Published: July 2013

Design method of main circuit parameter based on theoretical calculation and engineering practice is developed for permanent magnetic direct-drive wind power generating system with dual PWM converter topology. DC bus voltage, DC bus filter capacitor, rating value of power electronic devices and gird-side LCL filter parameters are calculated for an experimental wind power generating system. Hardware platform is built using calculated parameters, and the experimental results show that the design method is viable and expected design goal is achieved.
Study of Single-Mode and Multi-Mode Optical Fiber in Integrated Wiring
Authors: Wang Xiang Jun , Liu Ai Jun , Bian Yu Chao , Li Rong
Published: July 2013

With the development of information technology, the application of optical fiber has become an indispensable part of wiring system. And pure optical fiber wiring system also has been improved. It will eventually replace copper wire transmission. In this paper, according to the latest standard, and the common classifications and characteristics of optical fiber are described. Combined with the actual situation, the feasibility of optical fiber application is researched. At last, some suggestions and principles are put forward.
Volt-Ampere Characteristics of Bulb Experiment
Authors: Feng Shao Yong
Published: July 2013

Be short of Volt-Ampere Characteristics of the bulb simulation experiment software that experiment on student's prepared usefulness in accordance with present time in the electricity content course teaching. The author developed simulation experiment software that can achieve certainly invented effect and the nature immersing. Do the introduction to developing train of thought and algorithm, the model of this simulation experiment software and his development method are the reference effect to general teacher when developing simulation experiment software.
Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Based on QZSI
Authors: Liu Jie , Wu Fei
Published: July 2013

Quasi-Z-source inverter (QZSI) is a new topology, which has been proposed to be simple and realize the single stage energy conversion in recent years. Due to the unique impedance network structure, it has the characteristic of shoot-through. In this paper the voltage-source QZSI is applied to grid-connected photovoltaic system. Firstly the operating principle of QZSI is deep analyzed, and then a grid-connected photovoltaic system using a QZSI is proposed. In order to conform to the requirement of grid-connection, the decoupling control thought of active current and reactive current by d-q rotating coordinate system and the modified PWM strategy of this system are studied. The rationality and feasibility of the proposed control strategy is verified through MATLAB/Simulink.
Study on Output of LD-Pumped Passively Q-Switched Subnanosecond Microlasers
Authors: Cheng He Jiao , Chen Hui Min , Cai De
Published: July 2013

In recent years, the laser fuze has been widely used in minor caliber mortar projectiles and bombs because of its high accuracy in distance measurement, strong ability to resist electromagnetic interference, high angular resolution and good concealment. As a result, it becomes an irreversible tendency to miniaturize the high power of the laser, especially in military applications. This paper aims to study the factors on the output characteristics of the microlasers. Based on the variation of the inversion density of the particle in the resonant cavity derived from the oscillation equation of the LD-pumped passively Q-switched Cr4+:YAG/ Nd:YAG laser, this paper summarizes some key factors which have impacts on the output of LD-pumped passively Q-switched subnanosecond microlasers, including the initial transmission of the absorber, the reflection of output coupler, the length of the cavity and the radius of the pumping laser beam, and gives the conclusion of the simulation, which provides the basis for the design of the passive Q-switched micro lasers which have high power, high repetition frequency and narrow pulse width.
Design of High-Order Chaotic Circuits
Authors: Tang Zi Long , Yu Si Min
Published: July 2013

As an expansion and extension for three-order and four-order Chua's circuit, a new method to construct a class of high-order Chua's circuit and its FPGA hardware implementation has been studied in this paper. Based on the structure of a typical third-order Chua's circuit, a fifth-order, sixth-order and seventh-order Chua's circuit have been constructed through the series in the-type sub-circuit made up by a negative resistance, capacitance, inductance, and resistance, which are stringed into on the inductance slip. The dimensionless equation of high-order Chua's circuit has been, then, derived, and its basic dynamics characteristics have also been analyzed, among which including the phase diagram of chaotic attractors, the dynamic behavior of equilibrium points, bifurcation diagram and the Lyapnuov exponents. Due to digital processing technology, the continuous time state equation of the system has been discretizationed and the state variable ratio transformation has been done, so that the chaotic attractors of high-order Chua's circuit can be generated by using FPGA technology. Taking seventh-order Chua's circuit as a typical example, a general design principle by the way of FPGA technology to generate chaotic attractors as well as the corresponding hardware realization has been presented.
Study on Mobile Remote Control
Authors: Wang Pin
Published: July 2013

The current economic rapid development period, economy and science and technology fast development has largely promoted the networking market development and progress. This paper through the mobile phone terminal used the MIDP in the Http Connection interface technology, in the PC terminal using Servlet technology to realize the mobile phone on the remote machine PC control. The analysis of how to apply the J2ME technology to realize mobile remote control, the methods in household appliances and intelligent home information can be used, can be largely pushed animal networking development and popularization, the application scope is bound with the scientific and Technological Development and expansion.
A Flame Fringe Detection Algorithm Based on Mahalanobis Distance
Authors: Chen Zhen , Shen Ji Hong
Published: July 2013

In this paper, a mahalanobis distance based flame fringe detection algorithm through digital image processing was proposed according to the insufficient accuracy and excessive interference of the traditional flame fringe detection algorithm. The similarity between the pixels in GRB image and the sample flame pixels was first calculated through Euclidean distance and mahalanobis distance for classifying the pixels in the image and finishing flame segmentation, and then the image was processed through binarization, and finally flame fringe was extracted through gradient method and image morphology. Also, a simulation analysis was made, and the results showed that the fringe extracted with this algorithm was single-pixel, smooth and continuous without cross, had less interference, and possessed high accuracy and reliability. Thus, this method can meet the flame detection in the complex images such as fire disaster image.
Study on Lounge Bridge Mapping Based on 3D Laser Scanning
Authors: Wu Zhuo Jia , Xu Zhe Min , Shi Yan Shuai , Zhang Yong Feng , Jin Guo Yu , Mi Yan Hua
Published: July 2013

On the basis of the study of South Zhejiang Lounge Bridge, it further studies the application of 3D laser scanning technology in south Zhejiang lounge bridge mapping.
Energy Loss for Swift Heavy Ions in Polymers: A New Approach for Effective Charge Parameterization
Authors: Sharma Kalpana , Neetu  , Anupam  , Kumar Shyam
Published: July 2013

t is well established that the properties of the materials can be tailored as per specific requirements as a result of swift heavy ion irradiation. This is because of the radiation damage induced changes in the properties of the materials as a result of the energy loss process of the incident ions along their trajectory. In order to correlate such induced changes with the energy loss of the impinging ions, the exact evaluation of energy loss for swift ions in different materials is extremely important. Keeping in mind the polymers as versatile materials, in the present work, we have focused on energy loss calculations for swift heavy ions with Z= 3-29 in different polymeric absorbers, e.g. Polypropylene PP (C3H6), Polycarbonate PC (C16H14O3), Polyethylene terepthalate PET (C10H8O4), Polyethylene naphthalate PEN (C7H5O2), Diethylene glycol bis (allyl carbonate) CR-39 (C12H18O7), Cellulose nitrate LR-115 (C6H9O9N2) and Polypyromellitimide KAPTON (C22H10O5N2) in the energy range 0.5-6.00 MeV/n. The present calculations have been made by employing the proper energy loss formulation applicable both at low as well as high energies, involving a new approach for effective charge parameterization without any empirical/semi-empirical means. A close agreement between these calculated and experimentally measured values has been observed. Such calculations will provide an input towards the modeling or simulation for swift heavy ion induced changes in the properties of materials.
Irradiation Induced Changes in Semiconducting Thin Films
Authors: Tripathi S.K.
Published: July 2013

High-energy electron, proton, neutron, photon and ion irradiation of semiconductor diodes and solar cells has long been a topic of considerable interest in the field of semiconductor device fabrication. The inevitable damage production during the process of irradiation is used to study and engineer the defects in semiconductors. In a strong radiation environment in space, the electrical performance of solar cells is degraded due to direct exposure to energetically charged particles. A considerable amount of work has been reported on the study of radiation damage in various solar cell materials and devices in the recent past. In most cases, high-energy heavy ions damage the material by producing a large amount of extended defects, but high-energy light ions are suitable for producing and modifying the intrinsic point defects. The defects can play a variety of electronically active roles that affect the electrical, structural and optical properties of a semiconductor. This review article aims to present an overview of the advancement of research in the modification of glassy semiconducting thin films using different types of radiations (light, proton and swift heavy ions). The work which has been done in our laboratory related to irradiation induced effects in semiconducting thin films will also be compared with the existing literature.
Applications of TLDs in Radiation Dosimetry
Authors: Murthy K.V.R.
Published: July 2013

An increasing amount of public interest in environmental monitoring programmes is being focused on the environmental impact of radiation arising from nuclear power operations and the corresponding detection of slight variations in the natural radiation background. The primary objective of individual monitoring for external radiation is to assess, and thus limit, radiation doses to individual workers. Supplementary objectives are to provide information about the trends of these doses and about the conditions in places of work and to give information in the event of accidental exposure. Depending on the kind of radiation hazard, the ICRP recommended maximum permissible dose (MPD) values. These are the maximum dose equivalent values, which are not expected to cause appreciable body injury to a person during his lifetime. Thermoluminescent Dosimetry (TLD) has been developed during 1960-70 for various applications in medicine and industry. TLD, the most advanced and most intensively studied integrating dosimeter system, has now reached the stage at which it may replace or supplement film dosimetry. TLD systems are widely applied to environmental monitoring programmes near nuclear installations. TLD systems with high reproducibility in the milli roentgen dose range are required in order to measure exposures equal to that resulting from an exposure rate of 10μR h-1 during field periods of from several days up to a year. A brief list of applications specific to radiation oncology is given here. In radiation oncology dosimetric accuracy demanded is of the order of 2-5%. TLDs offer a clear solution since their precision meets this criteria. Contents
Ion Beam Induced Modifications in Conducting Polymers
Authors: Ramola R.C. , Chandra Subhash
Published: July 2013

High energy ion beam induced modifications in polymeric materials is of great interest from the point of view of characterization and development of various structures and filters. Due to potential use of conducting polymers in light weight rechargeable batteries, magnetic storage media, optical computers, molecular electronics, biological and thermal sensors, the impact of swift heavy ions for the changes in electrical, structural and optical properties of polymers is desirable. The high energy ion beam irradiation of polymer is a sensitive technique to enhance its electrical conductivity, structural, mechanical and optical properties. Recent progress in the radiation effects of ion beams on conducting polymers are reviewed briefly. Our recent work on the radiation effects of ion beams on conductive polymers is described. The electrical, structural and optical properties of irradiated films were analyzed using V-I, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy methods.
Differential-Difference Equation Arising in Nanotechnology and it's Exact Solutions
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Zong Qian An , Cao Qun , Liu Dong
Published: July 2013

Differential-difference model equations are often considered as an alternative approach to describing some phenomena arising in heat/electron conduction and flow in carbon nanotubes and nanoporous materials, this is due to the fact that continuum hypothesis is no longer valid. A (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear differential-difference equation with an arbitrary function is introduced and new exact solutions are obtained.
Hydroxy-Terminated Poly(Amidoamine) Dendrimers as Nanocarriers for the Delivery of Antioxidants
Authors: Bi Ji’an , Li Yan Chao , Zhuang Qian Fen , Leng Zhen Hua , Jia Hong Ying , Liu Yang , Zhou Jian Wei , Du Li Bo
Published: July 2013

The clinical application of antioxidants as pharmaceutical agents has been limited in general because of their poor aqueous solubility and inferior stability. According to previous studies, nanocarrier drug delivery systems may provide an alternative way to solve the above problems. In this study, nanoparticle carriers consisting of 6-hydroxy-2, 5, 7, 8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) encapsulating hydroxy-terminated poly (amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM-OH) were prepared by a self-assembly method and characterized by size, size distribution and morphology. A drug release assay showed that the Trolox release from PAMAM-OH/Trolox exhibits pH dependence. Moreover, the effects of PAMAM-OH/Trolox on cells damaged by tert-butylhydroperoxide were determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthizaol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay for cell viability, and malonaldehyde assay for membrane lipid peroxidation. The results illustrated that the PAMAM-OH/Trolox can significantly improve cell viability and reduce MDA content compared with those of cells pretreated with free Trolox.
Crystallographic Orientation of (Li,Na,K)NbO3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Crystal
Authors: Koide Seiji , Kakimoto Kenichi
Published: July 2013

Li,Na,K)NbO3 (LNKN) crystals were grown by an infrared convergence-type floating zone (FZ) method using SrTiO3 seed crystals to control the crystallographic orientation. The crystals were grown along the [10 direction of SrTiO3 seed crystal. It was a critical condition for the crystal growth that the descending speed of an upper shaft in the FZ furnace was faster than that of the lower shaft. The grown crystal sizes were about 10 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter. A relation between the Li content and Tc was investigated, and the result was compared with the case of polycrystalline ceramic samples.
Preparation of Potassium Niobate-Coated Barium Titanate Accumulation Ceramics by Solvothermal Synthesis and Enhancement of Piezoelectric Property
Authors: Yamashita Kenta , Shimizu Shigehito , Kumada Nobuhiro , Nakashima Kouichi , Fujii Ichiro , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro , Wada Satoshi
Published: July 2013

Barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) - potassium niobate (KNbO3, KN) nanostructured ceramics with artificial morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) structure were successfully prepared at temperatures below 230 °C by solvothermal method. Various characterizations suggested that the BT-KN nanostructured ceramics exhibited a porosity of around 30 % and heteroepitaxial interface between BT and KN. Their dielectric and piezoelectric properties were measured at room temperature, and the dielectric constant and apparent piezoelectric constant estimated from slope of strain and electric field curve was 370 and 136 pm/V, respectively.
Influence of Atmosphere on Resistivity of Aluminum Substituted La3Ta0.5Ga5.5O14 Single Crystals during Growth and Annealing Process
Authors: Noguchi Hiroaki , Hoshina Takuya , Takeda Hiroaki , Tsurumi Takaaki
Published: July 2013

Aluminum substituted La3Ta0.5Ga5.5O14 (LTGA) single crystals were grown via a floating zone (FZ) method in N2 or O2 gas flows. Also, LTGA single crystals that were grown using the Czochralski method were annealed in N2 or O2 gas flows. The resistivity of these crystals was measured in a temperature range from 300 to 700°C. The LTGA crystals that were grown/annealed in the N2 atmosphere showed higher resistivity by 1 order of magnitude as compared to those crystals grown/annealed in the O2 atmosphere. Based on these results, we suggest that the difference in resistivity is due to the concentration of oxygen vacancy and interstitial oxygen ions.
Multisensor Information Fusion Based on D-S Evidence Theory and BP Neural Network
Authors: Zhao Can , Tang C.R. , Wan S.
Published: July 2013

This paper applies the information fusion technology to tool monitoring. As one of the most important processing factor, the cutting tool and the tool wear directly influence size precision. Signals of cutting force and vibration are measured with multi-sensor. By using multi-sensor the drawbacks can be overcome, the multi-sensor information fusion mentioned in manufacture stands for extracting kinds of information from different sensors (especially for cutting force and vibration signal in this paper), making best use of all resources，according to certain criterion to judge the spatial and time redundancy , to make the system more comprehensive. Two data fusion methods, which are BP Neural Network and Wavelet Neural Network for predicting tool wear, and are debated. By the hybrid of BP and wavelet based neural network the cutting tool status inspection system is built so that the forecast of tool wear can be achieved. The results show experimentally two of these presented methods effectively implement tool wear monitoring and predicting.
Study on the Mathematical Model of the Milling Force and Residual Stress
Authors: Song W.W. , Wang H.F. , Wang J.L. , Duan X.L.
Published: July 2013

Metal milling processing principle and the elastic-plastic deformation theory were combined in this paper. The mathematical model of milling force and residual stress in the NC milling process was deduced by the theory. By the obtained mathematical model, could further analyze the effect of milling force on the residual stress and then obtain the law of milling force to milling deformation. This proved the strong a theoretic guarantee for controlling the machining deformation.
Topology Optimization in Support of Spaceborne Device Based on Variable Density Method
Authors: Wu Bing Hui , Pang Bao Jun , Deng Zong Quan
Published: July 2013

Support is not load bearing components, but also carrier of other component. To reduce the valid load, mass of the support should be low down under the condition of enough stiffness and strength. Topology optimization is employed here to solve the problem. The finite model must be built up according to the basic structure of analysis object in topology optimization. The supports are typical box-style part with thin-wall. Thus, solid model is adopted in ANSYS, and the element shell93 is employed here. Definition of optimization function based on linear-static analysis was employed here. Take maximum flexibility as the constrain conditions of the structure. And the optimality criterion (OC) method was adapted to the problem due to it is suitable for the problem which target is volume. Define the base plate, face and back of the support as the topology area separately. Main part of support is optimization with the variable density method. The results before and after the optimization are compared. When the topology form is unknown, the best topology relation of the structure in the initiate design stage of the whole product has very important meanings.
Design Optimization of 2TPS/2TPR Parallel Manipulator Based on GA
Authors: Wang Y.M. , San H.J. , Jiang L.
Published: July 2013

4-DOF asymmetric parallel manipulator 2TPS /2TPR is researched in this paper. Firstly, the structure of 2TPS /2TPR is described in detail. Optimized design variables and constraints are sure. Then multi-objective optimization is built by flexibility and workspace of structure. Finally, design optimization of 2TPS/2TPR parallel manipulator based on GA. The optimal size combination of 2TPS /2TPR parallel manipulator is got.
Study on the Method of Planetary Gear Trains Based on Topological Theory
Authors: He Ya Feng , Wang You Ming
Published: July 2013

The method research of planetary gear trains (PGTs) by applying topological theory is very significance in searching for innovative planetary trains. A new graph representation and stratification standard are introduced firstly. Then three topological graphs of basic structure of PGTs are established as the basis of synthesis theory. Next several kinds of planetary trains with small teeth difference and method of isomorphic determination are presented, thus built up the procedure of PGTs by graphs and example. Finally a new system of classification and synthesis for PGTs is put forward according to the feature of loops in topological theory.
Simulation of Fully Sintering Dental Zirconia Milling Process Based on Discrete Element Method
Authors: Wu H.B. , Sun Q.P. , Zuo Dun Wen
Published: July 2013

Discrete element model of fully sintering dental zirconia was constructed and calibrated. Based on the model, the dynamic process of low-speed milling of zirconia was simulated, and the effects of different cutting speeds, cutting widths and federates on the formation of surface cracks were also analyzed. Results show that residue cracks number and maximum depth increases significantly with increase of the cutting width, while the influence of cutting speed and federates is not distinct. That shows the possibility of high-speed machining on fully sintering dental zirconia with development of coating technology of cutting tool.
Ultrasonic Guided Wave Tomography for Damage Detection in Harsh Environment
Authors: Hua Jia Dong , Zeng Liang , Lin Jing , Shi Wen
Published: July 2013

Guided wave tomography is an attractive tool for the detection and monitoring of the critical area in a structure. Using signal difference coefficient (SDC) as the tomographic feature, RAPID (Reconstruction Algorithm for the Probabilistic Inspection of Damage) is an effective and flexible tomography algorithm. In this algorithm, signal changes are exclusively attributed to the structural variation. However, external environment factors like water loading or oil loading also change signals significantly. The presence of anti-symmetric mode with a predominant out of plane displacement makes it very sensitive to these interferences and leads to false alarms. In this paper, Lamb wave is excited in the low-frequency domain, where only the fundamental modes A0 and S0 exist. The significant difference in group velocity between the two modes makes it possible to separate them in time domain. A new method is proposed to extract pure S0 mode signal as valid measurement data to improve the algorithm in addressing false alarm caused by water loading. The results of the experiment demonstrate that the improved algorithm has the capability of providing accurate identification of damage in the presence of water loading.
Investigation of Dynamic Fracture Behavior of Graphite
Authors: Peroni Lorenzo , Scapin Martina , Carra Federico , Mariani Nicola
Published: July 2013

The strain-rate sensitivity of brittle materials, such as glass, ceramics or concrete-like materials, is usually easier to be performed in compression. However, also the tensile behavior, which affects phenomena such as spalling, scabbing and fragmentation, has to be investigated to achieve an exhaustive characterization. In last decades, a lot of researchers suggested spalling test as one of the best ways to characterize dynamically brittle materials. This type of test is based on propagation and reflection of elastic waves: the fracture for spalling occurs when, in the material, the tensile stress state, obtained by the reflection on a free surface of a compressive pulse, exceeds the strength limit. These conditions are usually reached using a SHPB setup: a striker bar is launched against the input bar, which is in contact with a long bar specimen free at the opposite surface.
In this work, the spalling test has been performed to investigate the dynamic tensile behavior of graphite. The apparatus is actuated by a pneumatic gas-gun (1.5 m long). Striker and input bars are made of high-strength steel 10 mm of diameter. Different striker lengths are used (100 and 80 mm) to obtain different pulse lengths and amplitudes. The input bar is 3.4 m long and is instrumented in the middle. The specimens are 200 mm long and 10 mm of diameter, instrumented at 80 from the free surface with strain-gages.
Magnetic NDT and Computer Modeling of Steel Rope Deterioration in Suspended Bridges
Authors: Vorontsov Alexander , Zhirnov Alexander , Sukhorukov Dmitry
Published: July 2013

A combined approach to strength assessment of stay ropes in suspension bridges is considered. The rope working condition is being analyzed by following steps: in-situ magnetic testing of rope structure, computational assessment of ultimate breaking load and evaluation of residual margin of safety. The diagnostic parameters distributed and/or local faults in wires are used as input data for mechanical model of rope structure. The model enables to calculate the stresses in each wire and to simulate the step-wise degradation process thus estimating the rope residual breaking tensile load. The safety factor of deteriorated rope is considered as a generalized parameter that specifies the rope safe operation as an element of bridge stay arrangement. Examples of integrity analysis of stranded stay ropes and locked coil stay ropes are presented.
Vibration Methods of Damage Detection in Initially Symmetric Structures
Authors: Beresnevich Vitaly , Jevstigņejev Vladislav
Published: July 2013

Initially symmetric structural elements or units are widely used in machines and engineering objects (reinforced members of thin-walled structures, sections of shafts or pipelines, etc.). Damages, which can appear in such structures during operation, disturb their initial symmetry. This paper considers damage diagnostic procedures based on utilization of vibration effects caused by the distortions of systems initial symmetry due to appearance of defects. Object of the study is a uniform viscoelastic fixed beam (e.g. span of a pipe) which is initially symmetric relative to the central section. In order to find possible defects, forced vibrations of the beam are excited with the aid of test harmonic force Psinωt applied in the middle section. Damage is simulated as a local reduction of beams bending rigidity in corresponding cross-section. The goal of the research is to find such vibration diagnostic signs, which will make it possible to detect damage, its approximate size and location with the highest sensitivity. Dynamics of the system has been analyzed using two different methods: modeling on the specialized analogue-digital computer system developed in Riga Technical University; numerical simulation with program ANSYS. New diagnostic procedures based on distortions of vibration flexural modes and frequency spectrums due to arising of defect are proposed. The main advantage of this approach lies in the more high detection sensitivity in comparison with traditional resonant frequency methods. It is shown, that further rise of detection sensitivity can be achieved by insertion of additional nonlinear element into the structure of testing object.
Anaerobic Corrosion of Reinforcement
Authors: O’Donovan Ross , O’Rourke Brian D. , Ruane Kieran D. , Murphy John Justin
Published: July 2013

Anaerobic corrosion of steel reinforcement is rarely reported and limited literature is available on the subject. Corrosion of steel is an electrochemical process requiring a supply of oxygen in the presence of moisture. Steel corrosion product usually occupies a much larger volume than the un-corroded steel resulting in cracked or spalled concrete. If the supply of oxygen is restricted, black rust may be formed by the process of anaerobic corrosion. Black rust is not expansive, which makes it particularly difficult to detect in reinforced concrete. This paper presents a case study of anaerobic corrosion in the Mizen Bridge, together with an in-depth review of anaerobic corrosion of reinforcement in concrete, outlining black rust formation, characteristics and detection methods.