bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia induces HIF1α-dependent epigenetic vulnerability in triple negative breast cancer to confer immune effector dysfunction and resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy
Authors: Ma Shijun , Zhao Yue , Lee Wee Chyan , Ong Li-Teng , Lee Puay Leng , Jiang Zemin , Oguz Gokce , Niu Zhitong , Liu Min , Goh Jian Yuan , Wang Wenyu , Bustos Matias A. , Ehmsen Sidse , Ramasamy Adaikalavan , Hoon Dave S. B. , Ditzel Henrik J. , Tan Ern Yu , Chen Qingfeng , Yu Qiang
Published: July 2022

The hypoxic tumor microenvironment has been implicated in immune escape, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Using an in vitro culture system modeling human T cell dysfunction and exhaustion in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we find that hypoxia suppresses immune effector gene expression, including in T and NK cells, resulting in immune effector cell dysfunction and resistance to immunotherapy. We demonstrate that hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF1α) interaction with HDAC1 and concurrent PRC2 dependency causes chromatin remolding resulting in epigenetic suppression of effector genes and subsequent immune dysfunction. Targeting HIF1α and the associated epigenetic machinery can reverse the immune effector dysfunction and overcome resistance to PD-1 blockade, as demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo using syngeneic and humanized mice models. These findings identify a HIF1α-mediated epigenetic mechanism in immune dysfunction and provide a potential strategy to overcome immune resistance in TNBC.
Spin-related symmetry breaking induced by half-disordered hybridization in BixEr2-xRu2O7 pyrochlores for acidic oxygen evolution
Authors: Zhou Gang , Wang Peifang , Hu Bin , Shen Xinyue , Liu Chongchong , Tao Weixiang , Huang Peilin , Liu Lizhe
Published: July 2022

While acidic oxygen evolution reaction plays a critical role in electrochemical energy conversion devices, the sluggish reaction kinetics and poor stability in acidic electrolyte challenges materials development. Unlike traditional nano-structuring approaches, this work focuses on the structural symmetry breaking to rearrange spin electron occupation and optimize spin-dependent orbital interaction to alter charge transfer between catalysts and reactants. Herein, we propose an atomic half-disordering strategy in multistage-hybridized BixEr2-xRu2O7 pyrochlores to reconfigure orbital degeneracy and spin-related electron occupation. This strategy involves controlling the bonding interaction of Bi-6s lone pair electrons, in which partial atom rearrangement makes the active sites transform into asymmetric high-spin states from symmetric low-spin states. As a result, the half-disordered BixEr2-xRu2O7 pyrochlores demonstrate an overpotential of ~0.18 V at 10 mA cm−2 accompanied with excellent stability of 100 h in acidic electrolyte. Our findings not only provide a strategy for designing atom-disorder-related catalysts, but also provides a deeper understanding of the spin-related acidic oxygen evolution reaction kinetics.
The database of eye-movement measures on words in Chinese reading
Authors: Zhang Guangyao , Yao Panpan , Ma Guojie , Wang Jingwen , Zhou Junyi , Huang Linjieqiong , Xu Pingping , Chen Lijing , Chen Songlin , Gu Junjuan , Wei Wei , Cheng Xi , Hua Huimin , Liu Pingping , Lou Ya , Shen Wei , Bao Yaqian , Liu Jiayu , Lin Nan , Li Xingshan
Published: July 2022

Eye movements are one of the most fundamental behaviors during reading. A growing number of Chinese reading studies have used eye-tracking techniques in the last two decades. The accumulated data provide a rich resource that can reflect the complex cognitive mechanisms underlying Chinese reading. This article reports a database of eye-movement measures of words during Chinese sentence reading. The database contains nine eye-movement measures of 8,551 Chinese words obtained from 1,718 participants across 57 Chinese sentence reading experiments. All data were collected in the same experimental environment and from homogenous participants, using the same protocols and parameters. This database enables researchers to test their theoretical or computational hypotheses concerning Chinese reading efficiently using a large number of words. The database can also indicate the processing difficulty of Chinese words during text reading, thus providing a way to control or manipulate the difficulty level of Chinese texts.
Trustors’ disregard for trustees deciding quickly or slowly in three experiments with time constraints
Authors: Cabrales Antonio , Espín Antonio M. , Kujal Praveen , Rassenti Stephen
Published: July 2022

Many decisions in the economic and social domain are made under time constraints, be it under time pressure or forced delay. Requiring individuals to decide quickly or slowly often elicit different responses. Time pressure has been associated with inefficiency in market settings and market regulation often requires individuals to delay their decisions via cooling-off periods. Yet, recent research suggests that people who make reflective decisions are met with distrust. If this extends toexternaltime constraints, then forcing individuals to delay their decisions may be counterproductive in scenarios where trust considerations are important, such as in market and organizational design. In three Trust Game experiments (total number of participants = 1872), including within- and between-subjects designs, we test whether individuals trust (more) someone who is forced to respond quickly (intuitively) or slowly (reflectively). We find that trustors do not adjust their behavior (or their beliefs) to the trustee’s time conditions. This seems to be an appropriate response because time constraints do not affect trustees’ behavior, at least when the game decisions are binary (trust vs. don’t trust; reciprocate vs. don’t reciprocate) and therefore mistakes cannot explain choices. Thus, delayed decisions per se do not seem to elicit distrust.
Free hand hitting of stone-like objects in wild gorillas
Authors: Masi Shelly , Pouydebat Emmanuelle , San-Galli Aurore , Meulman Ellen , Breuer Thomas , Reeves Jonathan , Tennie Claudio
Published: July 2022

The earliest stone tool types, sharp flakes knapped from stone cores, are assumed to have played a crucial role in human cognitive evolution. Flaked stone tools have been observed to be accidentally produced when wild monkeys use handheld stones as tools. Holding a stone core in hand and hitting it with another in the absence of flaking,free hand hitting,has been considered a requirement for producing sharp stone flakes by hitting stone on stone,free hand percussion. We report on five observations offree hand hittingbehavior in two wild western gorillas, using stone-like objects (pieces of termite mound). Gorillas are therefore the second non-human lineage primate showing free-hand hitting behavior in the wild, and ours is the first report for free hand hitting behavior in wild apes. This study helps to shed light on the morphofunctional and cognitive requirements for the emergence of stone tool production as it shows that a prerequisite for free hand percussion (namely, free hand hitting) is part of the spontaneous behavioral repertoire of one of humans’ closest relatives (gorillas). However, the ability to combine free hand hitting with the force, precision, and accuracy needed to facilitate conchoidal fracture in free hand percussion may still have been a critical watershed for hominin evolution.
Accurate image-based CSF volume calculation of the lateral ventricles
Authors: Yepes-Calderon Fernando , McComb J. Gordon
Published: July 2022

The size/volume of the brain’s ventricles is essential in diagnosing and treating many neurological disorders, with various forms of hydrocephalus being some of the most common. Initial ventricular size and changes, if any, in response to disease progression or therapeutic intervention are monitored by serial imaging methods. Significant variance in ventricular size is readily noted, but small incremental changes can be challenging to appreciate. We have previously reported using artificial intelligence to determine ventricular volume. The values obtained were compared with those calculated using the inaccurate manual segmentation as the “gold standard”. This document introduces a strategy to measure ventricular volumes where manual segmentation is not employed to validate the estimations. Instead, we created 3D printed models that mimic the lateral ventricles and measured those 3D models’ volume with a tuned water displacement device. The 3D models are placed in a gel and taken to the magnetic resonance scanner. Images extracted from the phantoms are fed to an artificial intelligence-based algorithm. The volumes yielded by the automation must equal those yielded by water displacement to assert validation. Then, we provide certified volumes for subjects in the age range (1–114) months old and two hydrocephalus patients.
Ultrafast optical control of surface and bulk magnetism in magnetic topological insulator/antiferromagnet heterostructure
Authors: Liu Peiwen , Eckberg Chris , Pan Lei , Zhang Peng , Wang Kang L. , Lüpke Gunter
Published: July 2022

Optical control of the magnetic properties in topological insulator systems is an important step in applying these materials in ultrafast optoelectronic and spintronic schemes. In this work, we report the experimental observation of photo-induced magnetization dynamics in the magnetically doped topological insulator (MTI)/antiferromagnet (AFM) heterostructure composed of Cr-(Bi,Sb)2Te3/CrSb. Through proximity coupling to the AFM layer, the MTI displays a dramatically enhanced magnetism, with robust perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. When subjected to intense laser irradiation, both surface and bulk magnetism of the MTI are weakened by laser-induced heating of the lattice, however, at the surface, the deleterious heat effect is compensated by the strengthening of Dirac-hole-mediated exchange coupling as demonstrated by an unconventional pump-fluence-dependent exchange-bias effect. Through theoretical analyses, the sizes of exchange coupling energies are estimated in the MTI/AFM bilayer structure. The fundamentally different mechanisms supporting the surface and bulk magnetic order in MTIs allow a novel and distinctive photo-induced transient magnetic state with antiparallel spin configuration, which broadens the understanding of the magnetization dynamics of MTIs under ultrashort and intense optical excitation.
Extensive hybridization in Ranunculus section Batrachium (Ranunculaceae) in rivers of two postglacial landscapes of East Europe
Authors: Bobrov Alexander A. , Butkuvienė Jurgita , Chemeris Elena V. , Patamsytė Jolanta , Lambertini Carla , Aučina Algis , Sinkevičienė Zofija , Naugžemys Donatas
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate a wide distribution and abundance of hybrids between the river speciesRanunculus aquatilis,R.fluitansandR.kauffmanniiwith the still water speciesR.circinatus(Batrachium, Ranunculaceae) in rivers of two postglacial landscapes of East Europe, i.e., Lithuania and Central European Russia. TheBatrachiumspecies and hybrid diversity is higher in the rivers of Lithuania (4 species and 3 hybrids vs. 2 and 1) and represented mainly by westernR.aquatilis,R.fluitansand their hybrids whereas in Central European Russia, the East European speciesR.kauffmanniiand its hybrid are the only dominant forms. Hybrids make up about 3/4 of the studied individuals found in 3/4 of the studied river localities in Lithuania and 1/3 of the individuals found in 1/3 of the localities in Central European Russia. Such extensive hybridization in riverBatrachiummay have arisen due to the specificity of rivers as open-type ecosystems. It may have been intensified by the transformation of river ecosystems by human activities and the postglacial character of the studied landscapes combined with ongoing climate change. Almost all hybrids ofR.aquatilis,R.fluitansandR.kauffmanniioriginated from unidirectional crossings in whichR.circinatusacted as a pollen donor. Such crossings could be driven by higher frequency and abundance ofR.circinatuspopulations as well as by some biological mechanisms. Two hybrids,R.circinatus × R.fluitansandR.circinatus × R.kauffmannii, were formally described asR. × redundansandR. × absconditus. We found a hybrid which most likely originated from additional crossing betweenR.aquatilisandR.circinatus × R.fluitans.
Quantitative evaluation of intraorbital optic nerve in optic atrophy using diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Hong Eun Hee , Yang Jin-Ju , Yeon Yeji , Cho Hyun Soo , Lee Ji Young , Lee Won June , Kim Yu Jeong , Moon Yeji , Lim Han Woong
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study is to quantitatively investigate the microstructural properties of the optic nerve (ON) in vivo using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with unilateral optic atrophy (OA) and to determine their association with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness of the optic nerve head (ONH). Six patients with unilateral OA and 11 control subjects underwent DTI. ONs from ONH to the orbital apex were tracked. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were computed in both ONs and their correlation with RNFL thickness measured using optical coherence tomography was also analyzed. FA of atrophic ON was lower than that of non-affected and control ONs (atrophic [A], 0.136 ± 0.059; non-affected [N], 0.384 ± 0.048; control [C], 0.389 ± 0.053). MD and RD of atrophic ONs were higher than those of non-affected and control ONs (MD, A, 0.988 ± 0.247; N, 0.658 ± 0.058; C, 0.687 ± 0.079; RD, A, 0.920 ± 0.247; N, 0.510 ± 0.054; C, 0.532 ± 0.078). All DTI measures of atrophic ON except for AD showed a significant correlation with RNFL thickness of ONH; FA showed the strongest correlation, followed by RD and MD (FA, R2 = 0.936, P < 0.001; RD, R2 = 0.795, P < 0.001; MD, R2 = 0.655, P = 0.001). This study reports quantitative analysis of the ON using DTI and differences in DTI measures between atrophic and normal ONs. The significant correlation between DTI measures and RNFL thickness suggests the applicability of DTI as a clinical tool to evaluate the ON.
Development of artificial neural networks for early prediction of intestinal perforation in preterm infants
Authors: Son Joonhyuk , Kim Daehyun , Na Jae Yoon , Jung Donggoo , Ahn Ja-Hye , Kim Tae Hyun , Park Hyun-Kyung
Published: July 2022

Intestinal perforation (IP) in preterm infants is a life-threatening condition that may result in serious complications and increased mortality. Early Prediction of IP in infants is important, but challenging due to its multifactorial and complex nature of the disease. Thus, there are no reliable tools to predict IP in infants. In this study, we developed new machine learning (ML) models for predicting IP in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and compared their performance to that of classic ML methods. We developed artificial neural networks (ANNs) using VLBW infant data from a nationwide cohort and prospective web-based registry. The new ANN models, which outperformed all other classic ML methods, showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.8832 for predicting IP associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC-IP) and 0.8797 for spontaneous IP (SIP). We tested these algorithms using patient data from our institution, which were not included in the training dataset, and obtained an AUROC of 1.0000 for NEC-IP and 0.9364 for SIP. NEC-IP and SIP in VLBW infants can be predicted at an excellent performance level with these newly developed ML models. https://github.com/kdhRick2222/Early-Prediction-of-Intestinal-Perforation-in-Preterm-Infants.
The non-volatile electrostatic doping effect in MoTe2 field-effect transistors controlled by hexagonal boron nitride and a metal gate
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asghar , Khan Muhammad Farooq , Rehman Shania , Patil Harshada , Dastgeer Ghulam , Ko Byung Min , Eom Jonghwa
Published: July 2022

The electrical and optical properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can be effectively modulated by tuning their Fermi levels. To develop a carrier-selectable optoelectronic device, we investigated intrinsically p-type MoTe2, which can be changed to n-type by charging a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrate through the application of a writing voltage using a metal gate under deep ultraviolet light. The n-type part of MoTe2 can be obtained locally using the metal gate pattern, whereas the other parts remain p-type. Furthermore, we can control the transition rate to n-type by applying a different writing voltage (i.e., − 2 to − 10 V), where the n-type characteristics become saturated beyond a certain writing voltage. Thus, MoTe2 was electrostatically doped by a charged h-BN substrate, and it was found that a thicker h-BN substrate was more efficiently photocharged than a thinner one. We also fabricated a p–n diode using a 0.8 nm-thick MoTe2 flake on a 167 nm-thick h-BN substrate, which showed a high rectification ratio of ~ 10−4. Our observations pave the way for expanding the application of TMD-based FETs to diode rectification devices, along with optoelectronic applications.
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase prevents hyperglycemic damage to the zebrafish pronephros in an experimental model for diabetes
Authors: Al-Dahmani Zayana M. , Li Xiaogang , Wiggenhauser Lucas M. , Ott Hannes , Kruithof Paul D. , Lunev Sergey , A. Batista Fernando , Luo Yang , Dolga Amalia M. , Morton Nicholas M. , Groves Matthew R. , Kroll Jens , van Goor Harry
Published: July 2022

Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST, EC 2.8.1.1), also known as Rhodanese, was initially discovered as a cyanide detoxification enzyme. However, it was recently also found to be a genetic predictor of resistance to obesity-related type 2 diabetes. Diabetes type 2 is characterized by progressive loss of adequate β-cell insulin secretion and onset of insulin resistance with increased insulin demand, which contributes to the development of hyperglycemia. Diabetic complications have been replicated in adult hyperglycemic zebrafish, including retinopathy, nephropathy, impaired wound healing, metabolic memory, and sensory axonal degeneration. Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) is a key component in pancreas development and mature beta cell function and survival. Pdx1 knockdown or knockout in zebrafish induces hyperglycemia and is accompanied by organ alterations similar to clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy. Here we show that pdx1-knockdown zebrafish embryos and larvae survived after incubation with thiosulfate and no obvious morphological alterations were observed. Importantly, incubation with hTST and thiosulfate rescued the hyperglycemic phenotype in pdx1-knockdown zebrafish pronephros. Activation of the mitochondrial TST pathway might be a promising option for therapeutic intervention in diabetes and its organ complications.
A plasmid network from the gut microbiome of semi-isolated human groups reveals unique and shared metabolic and virulence traits
Authors: Conteville Liliane Costa , Vicente Ana Carolina Paulo
Published: July 2022

The plasmids in gut microbiomes have the potential to contribute to the microbiome community, as well as human health and physiology. Nevertheless, this niche remains poorly explored. In general, most microbiome studies focus on urban-industrialized groups, but here, we studied semi-isolated groups from South America and Africa, which would represent a link between ancestral and modern human groups. Based on open metagenomic data, we characterized the set of plasmids, including their genes and functions, from the gut microbiome of the Hadza, Matses, Tunapuco, and Yanomami, semi-isolated groups with a hunter, gather or subsistence lifestyle. Unique plasmid clusters and gene functions for each human group were identified. Moreover, a dozen plasmid clusters circulating in other niches worldwide are shared by these distinct groups. In addition, novel and unique plasmids harboring resistance (encompassing six antibiotic classes and multiple metals) and virulence (as type VI secretion systems) genes were identified. Functional analysis revealed pathways commonly associated with urban-industrialized groups, such as lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis that was characterized in the Hadza gut plasmids. These results demonstrate the richness of plasmids in semi-isolated human groups’ gut microbiome, which represents an important source of information with biotechnological/pharmaceutical potential, but also on the spread of resistance/virulence genes to semi-isolated groups.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of acetamiprid adsorption on nano carbons and novel PVC membrane electrode for acetamiprid measurement
Authors: Razavi Razieh , Basij Moslem , Beitollahi Hadi , Panahandeh Saleh
Published: July 2022

Acetamiprid removal was investigated by synthesized Graphene oxide, multiwall nanotube and graphite from an aqueous solution. For this propose, FT-IR, XRD, UV–Vis, SEM and EDS were used to characterize the synthesized nano adsorbents and to determine the removal process. A novel PVC membrane electrode as selective electrode made for determining the concentration of acetamiprid. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to investigate the effect of temperature, initial acetamiprid concentration, adsorbent type and contact time as important adsorption parameters. The maximum equilibrium time was found to be 15 min for graphene oxide. The kinetics studies showed that the adsorption of acetamiprid followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics mechnism. All the adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model and maximum monolayer adsorption capacity 99 percent. Docking data of adsorption have resulted in the same as experimental data in good manner and confirmed the adsorption process.
Cellular mechanisms underlying state-dependent neural inhibition with magnetic stimulation
Authors: Ye Hui , Chen Vincent , Hendee Jenna
Published: July 2022

Novel stimulation protocols for neuromodulation with magnetic fields are explored in clinical and laboratory settings. Recent evidence suggests that the activation state of the nervous system plays a significant role in the outcome of magnetic stimulation, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of state-dependency have not been completely investigated. We recently reported that high frequency magnetic stimulation could inhibit neural activity when the neuron was in a low active state. In this paper, we investigate state-dependent neural modulation by applying a magnetic field to single neurons, using the novel micro-coil technology. High frequency magnetic stimulation suppressed single neuron activity in a state-dependent manner. It inhibited neurons in slow-firing states, but spared neurons from fast-firing states, when the same magnetic stimuli were applied. Using a multi-compartment NEURON model, we found that dynamics of voltage-dependent sodium and potassium channels were significantly altered by the magnetic stimulation in the slow-firing neurons, but not in the fast-firing neurons. Variability in neural activity should be monitored and explored to optimize the outcome of magnetic stimulation in basic laboratory research and clinical practice. If selective stimulation can be programmed to match the appropriate neural state, prosthetic implants and brain-machine interfaces can be designed based on these concepts to achieve optimal results.
A nomogram for predicting three or more axillary lymph node involvement before breast cancer surgery
Authors: Kang Young-Joon , Park Jung Hyun , Ju Young Wook , Kim Kyoung-Eun , Kim Yumi , Lee Eunshin , Lee Han-Byoel , Noh Dong-Young , Han Wonshik
Published: July 2022

Based on the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG)-Z0011, a useful nomogram has been constructed to identify patients who do not require intraoperative frozen sections to evaluate sentinel lymph nodes in the previous study. This study investigated the developed nomogram by ultrasonography (US) and positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) as a modality. In the training set, 89/1030 (8.6%) patients had three or more positive nodes. Larger tumor size, higher grade ultrasonographic ALN classification, and findings suspicious of positive ALN on PET/CT were associated in multivariate analysis. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the nomogram were 0.856 [95% CI 0.815–0.897] in the training set. The AUC in the validation set was 0.866 [95% CI 0.799–0.934]. Application of the nomogram to 1067 patients who met the inclusion criteria of ACOSOG-Z0011 showed that 90 (8.4%) patients had scores above the cut-off and a false-negative result was 37 (3.8%) patients. And the specificity was 93.8%, and the negative predictive value was 96.4%. The upgraded nomogram improved the predictive accuracy, using only US and PET/CT. This nomogram is useful for identifying patients who do not require intraoperative analysis of sentinel lymph nodes and considering candidates for identifying neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The patients consisted of clinical T1-2 and node-negative invasive breast cancer. The training and validation set consisted of 1030 and 781 patients, respectively. A nomogram was constructed by analyzing factors related to three or more axillary lymph node metastases. The patients who matched the ACOSOG-Z0011 criteria were selected and applied to the new nomogram.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation over Supported Metal Oxides
Authors: Xiong Zhaokun , Liu Yang , Zhou Peng , Zhang, Heng , Lai Bo
Published: July 2022

This chapter overviews the preparation and application of typically supported metal oxides in catalytic ozonation for the degradation of organic pollutants. The synthetic protocols of different types of supported metal oxides are introduced and compared. The effects of experimental parameters in catalytic ozonation for the degradation of organic pollutants are discussed. The catalytic mechanisms of various kinds of supported metal oxides are summarized and discussed. Finally, heterogeneous catalytic ozonation over supported metal oxides in engineering applications is also summarized.
Promising Electrocatalytic Ozonation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Wang Huijiao , Yao Weikun , Zhan Juhong , Yu Gang , Wang Yujue
Published: July 2022

Electro-peroxone (E-peroxone) is a novel electrocatalytic ozonation process that combines ozonation with in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from cathodic oxygen (O2) reduction. It overcomes the main drawbacks of conventional ozonation and electrochemical processes, e.g. the selective oxidation of ozone (O3) and the formation of harmful by-products (e.g. bromate, perchlorate and halogenated organics) and thus considerably improves the performance of water treatment. Compared with conventional advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), the E-peroxone process shows superior performance in terms of pollutant removal kinetics, energy efficiency, operational flexibility and environmental friendliness. Since its appearance in 2013, the E-peroxone process has been successfully applied to remove refractory industrial pollutants, abate emerging contaminants, control harmful oxidation by-products, regenerate spent activated carbon and remove bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes. Furthermore, it has recently been integrated with different technologies to further enhance the performance of water and wastewater treatment in various applications. Due to its superior performance, the E-peroxone process has been widely recognized as an excellent alternative to conventional AOPs and an important next-generation AOP for future water and wastewater treatment.
Highly-tunable ferromagnetism in Cr-doped layered van der Waals NiTe2 crystals with high air stability
Authors: Di Boyuan , Zhang Pengzhen , Yin Hongfei , Han Peng , Wu Hao , Zhang Gaojie , Jin Wen , Wen Xiaokun , Zhang Wenfeng , Chang Haixin
Published: July 2022

In the present work, tunable ferromagnetism can be introduced in NiTe2 crystals by Cr doping with high air-stability.
Enhanced ion transport in nanochannels of MXenes by Mg2+ pre-intercalation
Authors: Zhou Zhiyuan , Hong Xufeng , Ouyang Huifang , Xu Peng , Shuai Binbin , Wu Xiuxiu , Xu Nuo , Chen Xinghang , He Liang
Published: July 2022

The pre-intercalation of Mg2+ has a significant effect on the increase of ion transport rate of Ti3C2Tx membranes. Mg2+ increased the layer spacing of MXene films and work function of 2D nanochannels thereby reducing the interaction of other ions with the channel surface.
Rotation configuration control of the sp2 bond in the diimidazole–dicarboxylate linker for the isomerism of porous coordination polymers
Authors: Dong Qiubing , Ge Kai , Zhang Minxing , Wang Huijie , Duan Jingui
Published: July 2022

Rotation configuration control of the sp2 bond in the diimidazole–dicarboxylate linker was achieved in a new group of porous coordination isomers, whose structural and topological evaluations from unc to sod were finely understood and validated.
Piezoelectric harvesting of mechanical energy for redox chemistry
Authors: Marrero Elan M. , Caprara Christian J. , Gilbert Colin N. , Blanco Emma E. , Blair Richard G.
Published: July 2022

Mechanical energy wasted during ball milling is converted to electrical energy via a piezoelectric element. The extraction of energy is monitored through the reduction of methylene blue to its colorless form.
Correction: Low-cost rapid prototyping and assembly of an open microfluidic device for a 3D vascularized organ-on-a-chip
Authors: Li Qinyu , Niu Kai , Wang Ding , Xuan Lian , Wang Xiaolin
Published: July 2022

Correction for ‘Low-cost rapid prototyping and assembly of an open microfluidic device for a 3D vascularized organ-on-a-chip’ by Qinyu Li et al., Lab Chip, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d1lc00767j.
Photo-regulated dual-functional zinc oxide nanocomposite for synergistic sterilization and antioxidant treatment
Authors: Kang Shiyu , Wang Hui , Su Zhen , Lu Lingxia , Huang Shan , Yu Yadong , Chen Xiaojun
Published: July 2022

The C-FZnO-RT composite achieved synergistic bactericidal performance against both E. coli and S. aureus under light conditions.
All-carbon microporous graphitic photocatalyst-promoted reduction of CO2 to CO in the absence of metals or dopant elements
Authors: Garcia-Mulero Ana , Asiri Abdullah M. , Albero Josep , Primo Ana , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: July 2022

Microporous graphitic carbon derived from cyclodextrins exhibited photocatalytic activity in CO2 reduction upon irradiation in the presence of triethanolamine, forming H2 (19 μmol h−1), CO (23 μmol h−1) and CH4 (4 μmol h−1).
Natural-product-inspired design and synthesis of thiolated coenzyme Q analogs as promising agents against Gram-positive bacterial strains: insights into structure–activity relationship, activity profile, mode of action, and molecular docking
Authors: Yıldırım Hatice , Yıldız Mahmut , Bayrak Nilüfer , Mataracı-Kara Emel , Özbek-Çelik Berna , Otsuka Masami , Fujita Mikako , Radwan Mohamed O. , TuYuN Amaç Fatih
Published: July 2022

In an attempt to develop effective and potentially active antibacterial and/or antifungal agents, we designed, synthesized, and characterized thiolated CoQ analogs (CoQ1–8) with an extensive antimicrobial study.
A doping-adsorption-pyrolysis strategy for constructing atomically dispersed cobalt sites anchored on a N-doped carbon framework as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction
Authors: Pan Yuan , Wang Minmin , Feng Chao
Published: July 2022

Atomically dispersed Co–N4 sites anchored on a N-doped carbon framework catalyst were constructed by a novel doping-adsorption-pyrolysis strategy for bifunctional electrocatalytic HER and ORR.
Supercritical methane adsorption measurement on shale using the isotherm modelling aspect
Authors: Mohd Aji Aminah Qayyimah , Mohshim Dzeti Farhah , Maulianda Belladonna , Elraeis Khaled Abdalla
Published: July 2022

Adsorption isotherm can be used to depict the adsorption in shale.
Enhanced dielectric properties of polystyrene by using graphene incorporated styrene-butyl acrylate microspheres
Authors: Zhang Zhaoyang , Tang Gan , You Feng , Jiang Xueliang , Yao Chu , Hu Ruofei , Yao Junlong , Zhao Pei
Published: July 2022

The dielectric properties of rGO@SBA composite microspheres with core–shell structure and the effects of different preparation methods on the dielectric properties of PS were investigated.
Asymmetric higher-order [10 + n] cycloadditions of palladium-containing 10π-cycloaddends
Authors: Li Ao , Gao Yang , Lu Jian-Bin , Chen Zhi-Chao , Du Wei , Chen Ying-Chun
Published: July 2022

A type of π-allylpalladium complex-containing 10π-cycloaddend generated from 2-methylene-1-indanols under double activation of Pd(0) and phosphoric acid undergoes asymmetric higher-order [10 + 2] cycloadditions with diverse activated alkenes.
Smart factory floor safety monitoring using UWB sensor
Authors: Islam Fabliha Bushra , Lee Jae‐Min , Kim Dong‐Seong
Published: July 2022

Chemical asphyxiation at petrochemical factories can provoke the unconsciousness or death of factory workers through suffocation. Some chemicals vaporize and mix with air without showing any warning properties that raise the risk of oxygen deficiency. In light of this, Industry 5.0 focuses more on human‐centricity than technology‐driven implementations to ensure secured and work‐friendly environments in industries. Recently, research on factory safety management dependent on the Internet of things (IoT) sensors have been executed unwaveringly. In this work, the ultra‐wideband (UWB) sensor is adopted to recognize the motion and breathing pattern of workers in smart factory scenarios. After capturing the data from the UWB sensor in real‐time, the proposed dataset is further inspected by the deep learning (DL) and traditional machine learning (ML) approaches. Twofold detection schemes are considered where the movement and vital patterns are distinguished first by the stacked ensemble (SE) and the long short‐term memory (LSTM) frameworks. The Bayesian optimized ensemble learning (EL) and bidirectional (Bi‐LSTM) models are further occupied to analyze abnormalities in the breathing rate of a worker in the smart shop floors. The investigated outcome shows that the DL frameworks (LSTM and Bi‐LSTM) outperformed the others by acquiring 99.90% and 99.94% accuracy in 147 s and 293 s, respectively. The devised perception indicates prominent attainment to the smart factory shop floor, Internet of medical things (IoMT), the smart city paradigm, and e‐health appliances.
Sub-surface alteration and related change in reflectance spectra of space-weathered materials
Authors: Chrbolková Kateřina , Halodová Patricie , Kohout Tomáš , Ďurech Josef , Mizohata Kenichiro , Malý Petr , Dědič Václav , Penttilä Antti , Trojánek František , Jarugula Rajesh
Published: July 2022

Context. Airless planetary bodies are studied mainly by remote sensing methods. Reflectance spectroscopy is often used to derive their compositions. One of the main complications for the interpretation of reflectance spectra is surface alteration by space weathering caused by irradiation by solar wind and micrometeoroid particles.

Aims. We aim to evaluate the damage to the samples from H+ and laser irradiation and relate it to the observed alteration in the spectra.

Methods. We used olivine (OL) and pyroxene (OPX) pellets irradiated by 5 keV H+ ions and individual femtosecond laser pulses and measured their visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) spectra. We observed the pellets with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We studied structural, mineralogical, and chemical modifications in the samples. Finally, we connected the material observations to changes in the reflectance spectra.

Results. In both minerals, H+ irradiation induces partially amorphous sub-surface layers containing small vesicles. In OL pellets, these vesicles are more tightly packed than in OPX ones. Any related spectral change is mainly in the VIS spectral slope. Changes due to laser irradiation are mostly dependent on the material’s melting temperature. Of all the samples, only the laser-irradiated OL contains nanophase Fe particles, which induce detectable spectral slope change throughout the measured spectral range. Our results suggest that spectral changes at VIS-NIR wavelengths are mainly dependent on the thickness of (partially) amorphous sub-surface layers. Furthermore, amorphisation smooths micro-roughness, increasing the contribution of volume scattering and absorption over surface scattering.

Conclusions. Soon after exposure to the space environment, the appearance of partially amorphous sub-surface layers results in rapid changes in the VIS spectral slope. In later stages (onset of micrometeoroid bombardment), we expect an emergence of nanoparticles to also mildly affect the NIR spectral slope. An increase in the dimensions of amorphous layers and vesicles in the more space-weathered material will only cause band-depth variation and darkening.
Positive Predictive Value for the Malignancy of Mammographic
Abnormalities Based on the Presence of an Ultrasound Correlate
Authors: Alshafeiy Taghreed , Patrie James , al-Shatouri Mohammad
Published: July 2022

Purpose To compare the outcomes of different mammographic lesions based on
the presence of an ultrasound (US) correlate and to estimate how often targeted
US can identify such lesions.

Materials and Methods This retrospective study included all consecutive
cases from 2010 to 2016, with Breast Imaging Reporting and Database System
(BI-RADS) categories 4 & 5 who underwent US as part of their diagnostic
workup. We compared the incidence of malignancy between lesions comprising a US
correlate that underwent US-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) and those without a
correlate that underwent stereotactic CNB.

Results 833 lesions met the study criteria and included masses
(64.3%), architectural distortion (19%), asymmetries
(4.6%), and calcifications (12.1%). The CNB-based positive
predictive value (PPV) was higher for lesions with a US correlate than for those
without (40.2% [36.1, 44.4%] vs. 18.9% [14.5,
23.9%], respectively) (p<0.001). Malignancy odds for masses,
asymmetries, architectural distortion, and calcifications were greater by 2.70,
4.17, 4.98, and 2.77 times, respectively, for the US-guided CNB
(p<0.001, p=0.091, p<0.001, and p=0.034,
respectively). Targeted US identified a correlate to 66.3% of the
mammographic findings. The odds of finding a correlate were greater for masses
(77.8%) than architectural distortions (53.8%) (p<0.001)
or calcifications (24.8%) (p<0.001).

Conclusion The success of targeted US in identifying a correlate varies
significantly according to the type of mammographic lesion. The PPV of lesions
with a US correlate was significantly higher than that of those with no
correlate. However, the PPV of lesions with no US correlate is high enough
(18.9%) to warrant a biopsy.
Convexity Dura-Based Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Mimicking Meningioma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Abujarir Raed Hassan , Ayyad Ali , Sotouhy Ahmad , Bozom Essam , Shaaban Ahmed , Kubaissi Aisha Al
Published: July 2022

Cavernous angioma, cavernoma, cavernous hemangioma, also called cerebral cavernous malformation (when present in the brain), are benign vascular malformations, usually intraparenchymal; however, a few reported cases are in the extra-axial location—as middle cranial fossa, near the cavernous sinuses, and in the cerebellopontine angle—and are rarely reported as dura-based convexity lesion resembling meningioma. We report a giant dura-based, convexity, a cerebral cavernous malformation. We wish to notify the case as occurring at a rare location and a large-sized cerebral cavernous malformation. A case of young female presented with a long-standing history of headache. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) suggested right occipital dura-based large mass lesion of approximately 5 cm in diameter. The lesion was excised and pathology studies confirmed the diagnosis of a cerebral cavernous malformation. A follow-up MRI confirmed total resection of the lesion and the patient had a smooth postoperative recovery.
Lake-Louise-Score zur Evaluation der akuten Bergkrankheit überarbeitet
Authors: Lechner Raimund
Published: July 2022

Der ursprüngliche Lake-Louise-Score (LLS) wurde auf dem „International Hypoxia Symposium“ in Lake Louise 1991 erarbeitet und 1993 reevaluiert. Er besteht aus den 5 Symptomkomplexen Kopfschmerzen, gastrointestinale Symptome, Müdigkeit/Erschöpfung, Benommenheit/Schwindel und Schlafqualität. Jedem Symptomkomplex kann eine Ausprägung von 0 (Normalbefund/keine Probleme) bis 3 (maximale Beschwerden) zugeordnet werden. Ab einer Punktzahl von 3 sind die Kriterien für die akute Bergkrankheit (Acute Mountain Sickness, AMS) erfüllt.
Exact thermal invisibility for spherical cloaks with imperfect interfaces
Authors: Chen Tungyang , Lin Jun-Hong
Published: July 2022

We present new exact results for the design of spherical thermal cloaks with the effect of imperfect interfaces. Thermal metamaterials are of great importance in advanced energy control and management. However, nearly all relevant studies considered that interfaces are ideally perfect. In principle, bonding imperfectness always exists at interfaces, and this effect is particularly important in small-length scales. Here, we will examine in detail the effect of bonding imperfectness on the performance of thermal functionality. The thermal metamaterial is made of a homogeneous spherically anisotropic material with a constant conductivity tensor. Low conductivity- and high conductivity-type interfaces are considered. We show how the anisotropic layer, together with the effect of imperfect bonding interfaces, can be made thermally invisible. An exact condition for thermal invisibility is derived in a simple algebraic form. Conditions for thermal shielding or enhancement are theoretically analyzed and numerically exemplified, in which relevant material and geometric parameters can be tuned to achieve the functionality. In addition, numerical simulations based on finite element calculations are carried out to validate our analytic solutions. The present findings offer a general guideline in the design of spherical thermal metamaterials with imperfect interfaces.
Effects of melatonin in the maturation medium on developmental competence of bovine oocytes exposed to heat shock and on embryo quality
Authors: Lima P. H. , Souza J. C. , Borges A. M. , Lima R. R. , Jasmin J. , Leite A. C. , Silva E. B. M. , Faria L. R. , Alves N. G.
Published: July 2022

Context Heat stress has been related to reduced fertility in cattle, which may reflect damage to developing oocytes. The deleterious effects of heat stress on oocytes may involve an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The addition of antioxidants, such as melatonin, to the in vitro maturation medium of heat-stressed bovine oocytes may be advantageous for reducing ROS concentrations, thereby enhancing the subsequent fertilisation and development to the blastocyst stage. Aims The present study evaluated the in vitro production and quality of bovine embryos derived from oocytes matured under heat-shock conditions with increasing melatonin concentrations. Methods Cumulus–oocyte complexes from Bos taurus × Bos indicus cows were matured under heat shock (12 h at 41°C, followed by 12 h at 38.5°C) in medium without melatonin (control) or with 10−12, 10−9, 10−6 and 10−3 mol/L melatonin. Logistic regression equations were adjusted when the main effect of melatonin was observed. Key results The cleavage rate on Day 3 of culture, the production of blastocysts on Days 7 and 8, the number and proportion of apoptotic cells in expanded blastocysts, and the proportion of apoptotic cells in the inner cell mass (ICM) were not affected by melatonin. The proportion of 8- to 16-cell-stage embryos on Day 3 and the proportion of ICM cells in expanded blastocysts were influenced by the melatonin concentration. Through logistic regression, it was estimated that the proportion of 8- to 16-cell-stage embryos increased linearly as the melatonin increased until 10−3 mol/L, and that the proportion of ICM cells in blastocysts was maximised between 10−6 and 10−4 mol/L melatonin, and decreased thereafter. Conclusions Melatonin at 10−3 mol/L in the in vitro maturation (IVM) of heat-shocked oocytes stimulated the first embryo cleavages but reduced the ratio of ICM cells in blastocysts. The embryo quality may be improved by melatonin between 10−6 and 10−4 mol/L. Implications The addition of melatonin to IVM medium has the potential to improve the quality of bovine embryos from heat-stressed oocytes.
Correlation between the binding affinity and the conformational entropy of nanobody SARS-CoV-2 spike protein complexes
Authors: Mikolajek Halina , Weckener Miriam , Brotzakis Z. Faidon , Huo Jiandong , Dalietou Evmorfia V. , Le Bas Audrey , Sormanni Pietro , Harrison Peter J. , Ward Philip N. , Truong Steven , Moynie Lucile , Clare Daniel K. , Dumoux Maud , Dormon Joshua , Norman Chelsea , Hussain Naveed , Vogirala Vinod , Owens Raymond J. , Vendruscolo Michele , Naismith James H.
Published: July 2022

Camelid single-domain antibodies, also known as nanobodies, can be readily isolated from naïve libraries for specific targets but often bind too weakly to their targets to be immediately useful. Laboratory-based genetic engineering methods to enhance their affinity, termed maturation, can deliver useful reagents for different areas of biology and potentially medicine. Using the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein and a naïve library, we generated closely related nanobodies with micromolar to nanomolar binding affinities. By analyzing the structure–activity relationship using X-ray crystallography, cryoelectron microscopy, and biophysical methods, we observed that higher conformational entropy losses in the formation of the spike protein–nanobody complex are associated with tighter binding. To investigate this, we generated structural ensembles of the different complexes from electron microscopy maps and correlated the conformational fluctuations with binding affinity. This insight guided the engineering of a nanobody with improved affinity for the spike protein.
Critical metallic phase in the overdoped randomt-Jmodel
Authors: Christos Maine , Joshi Darshan G. , Sachdev Subir , Tikhanovskaya Maria
Published: July 2022

We investigate a model of electrons with random and all-to-all hopping and spin exchange interactions, with a constraint of no double occupancy. The model is studied in a Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev-like large-Mlimit with SU(M) spin symmetry. The saddle-point equations of this model are similar to approximate dynamic mean-field equations of realistic, nonrandom,t-Jmodels. We use numerical studies on both real and imaginary frequency axes, along with asymptotic analyses, to establish the existence of a critical non–Fermi-liquid metallic ground state at large doping, with the spin correlation exponent varying with doping. This critical solution possesses a time-reparameterization symmetry, akin to Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) models, which contributes a linear-in-temperature resistivity over the full range of doping where the solution is present. It is therefore an attractive mean-field description of the overdoped region of cuprates, where experiments have observed a linear-Tresistivity in a broad region. The critical metal also displays a strong particle–hole asymmetry, which is relevant to Seebeck coefficient measurements. We show that the critical metal has an instability to a low-doping spin-glass phase and compute a critical doping value. We also describe the properties of this metallic spin-glass phase.