bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Purification, Preliminary Characterization, and Immunological Activity of Polysaccharides from Crude Drugs of Sijunzi Formula
Authors: Ji Yunfei , Wang Ruijun , Peng Ying , Peng Chongsheng , Li Xiaobo
Published: July 2017

Sijunzi Decoction (SJZD) is a conventional prescription for curing spleen deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine and polysaccharide is its main ingredient. In order to explore the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD, we isolated and purified seven homogeneous polysaccharides from Radix Ginseng (RS‐3‐1 and RS‐3‐2), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BZ‐3‐1, BZ‐3‐2, and BZ‐3‐3), Poria (FL‐3‐1), and Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC‐3‐1) decoctions, respectively. The molecular weight of seven homogeneous polysaccharides ranged from 5.42 × 104 to 5.65 × 104 Da. Monosaccharide composition determined by GC‐MS analysis showed that these polysaccharides were primarily composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc, and Gal with various ratios. Immunological activity assay revealed that polysaccharides from four crude drug components of SJZD displayed inhibitory effects on the complement system. RS‐3‐1, BZ‐3‐1, FL‐3‐1, and GC‐3‐1 could significantly enhance the phagocytosis and increase the NO production and tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) level in RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). These results demonstrated the immunological activities of these polysaccharides from the four crude drugs. This study supports the therapeutic effect of SJZD in clinical use and is essential for further identification the immunopolysaccharide from SJZD decoction.
Study of Phase Equilibrium of NaBr + KBr + H2O and NaBr + MgBr2 + H2O at 313.15 K
Authors: Chen Qing , She Jiping , Xiao Yang
Published: July 2017

The phase equilibrium for the ternary systems NaBr + KBr + H2O and NaBr + MgBr2 + H2O at 313.15 K was investigated by isothermal solution saturation method. The solubilities of salts and the densities of saturated solutions in these ternary systems were determined by chemical methods, while the equilibrium solid phases were analyzed by Schreinermarker wet residues method. Based on the experimental data, phase diagrams and density versus composition diagrams were plotted. The two ternary systems were type of simple common-saturation and without complex salt and solid solution. There are in all two crystalline regions, two univariant curves, and one invariant point in these phase diagrams of two ternary systems at 313.15 K. The equilibrium solid phases in the ternary system NaBr + KBr + H2O are KBr and NaBr·2H2O, and those in the ternary system NaBr + MgBr2 + H2O are NaBr·2H2O and MgBr2·6H2O.
Amelioration of Abnormalities Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome by Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) Consumption and Aerobic Exercise in Rats
Authors: Panda Vandana , Mistry Kinjal , Sudhamani S. , Nandave Mukesh , Ojha Shreesh Kumar
Published: July 2017

The present study evaluates the protective effects of an antioxidant‐rich extract of Spinacea oleracea (NAOE) in abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in rats. HPTLC of NAOE revealed the presence of 13 total antioxidants, 14 flavonoids, and 10 phenolic acids. Rats administered with fructose (20% w/v) in drinking water for 45 days to induce abnormalities of MetS received NAOE (200 and 400 mg/kg, po), the standard drug gemfibrozil (60 mg/kg, po), aerobic exercise (AE), and a combination of NAOE 400 mg/kg and AE (NAOEAE) daily for 45 days. All treatments significantly altered the lipid profile and attenuated the fructose‐elevated levels of uric acid, C‐reactive protein, homocysteine, and marker enzymes (AST, LDH, and CK‐MB) in serum and malondialdehyde in the heart and restored the fructose‐depleted levels of glutathione and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase). A significant decrease in blood glucose and insulin levels decreased insulin resistance, and improved glucose tolerance was observed in the treatment animals when compared with the fructose‐fed animals. The best mitigation of MetS was shown by the NAOEAE treatment indicating that regular exercise along with adequate consumption of antioxidant‐rich foods such as spinach in diet can help control MetS.
Modelling of Rabies Transmission Dynamics Using Optimal Control Analysis
Authors: Asamoah Joshua Kiddy K. , Oduro Francis T. , Bonyah Ebenezer , Seidu Baba
Published: July 2017

We examine an optimal way of eradicating rabies transmission from dogs into the human population, using preexposure prophylaxis (vaccination) and postexposure prophylaxis (treatment) due to public education. We obtain the disease-free equilibrium, the endemic equilibrium, the stability, and the sensitivity analysis of the optimal control model. Using the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), the forward-backward sweep scheme and the fourth-order Range-Kutta numerical method predict that the global alliance for rabies control’s aim of working to eliminate deaths from canine rabies by 2030 is attainable through mass vaccination of susceptible dogs and continuous use of pre- and postexposure prophylaxis in humans.
Effects of Chronic Exposure to Sodium Arsenite on Expressions of VEGF and VEGFR2 Proteins in the Epididymis of Rats
Authors: Yan-Ping Dai , Xiao-Qin Gao , Xiao Ping Ma , Ying Quan Yue
Published: July 2017

Objective. To study the expressions of VEGF and VEGFR2 at protein level in the epididymis of rats with arsenism. Methods. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: the high dose arsenic infected group (60.0 mg/L in water), the middle dose arsenic infected group (12.0 mg/L in water), the low dose arsenic infected group (2.4 mg/L in water), and the control group (distilled water). Rats were treated with arsenic through drinking water for 6 consecutive months. At the end of the experiment, the average densitometry values of apoptotic cells in epididymis tubules were determined by TUNEL method; the protein and mRNA levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 were observed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real time fluorescent quantitative PCR, respectively. Results. Compared with the control group, in each infected group, the average densitometry values of apoptotic cells in the epididymis tubules were significantly lower. Compared with control group, protein and mRNA levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 in each infected group were obviously declined. The correlations between protein and mRNA levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 were positively exhibited (r = 0.843, 0.869, p < 0.05). Conclusions. Arsenism affects the expressions of VEGF and VEGFR2 in the epididymis of rats and results in apoptosis of pathophysiology of male infertility.
Research Progress on Mechanism of Podocyte Depletion in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Dai Haoran , Liu Qingquan , Liu Baoli
Published: July 2017

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) together with glomerular hyperfiltration has been implicated in the development of diabetic microangiopathy in the initial stage of diabetic diseases. Increased amounts of urinary protein in DN may be associated with functional and morphological alterations of podocyte, mainly including podocyte hypertrophy, epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT), podocyte detachment, and podocyte apoptosis. Accumulating studies have revealed that disruption in multiple renal signaling pathways had been critical in the progression of these pathological damages, such as adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase signaling pathways (AMPK), wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signaling pathways, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/autophagy pathway, and Rho GTPases. In this review, we highlight new molecular insights underlying podocyte injury in the progression of DN, which offer new therapeutic targets to develop important renoprotective treatments for DN over the next decade.
Influence of MWCNTs on β-Phase PVDF and Triboelectric Properties
Authors: Kim Sejung , Song Youngjun , Heller Michael J.
Published: July 2017

The surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was chemically modified using 1-pyrenebutyric acid (PBA) to improve its compatibility with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The carboxylic acid groups of the MWCNTs-PBA (PCNTs) provide a β-phase nucleation site to the fluorine of PVDF along their surface. The content of the β-phase crystalline structure of PVDF was found to be the highest at a concentration of 1.0 wt.% of PCNTs, and these PVDF-PCNTs composites were utilized as active layers in triboelectric devices. The maximum output voltage achieved was 16 volts at a concentration of 1.0 wt.% of PCNTs in the PVDF composites.
Prevalence of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Associated Factors among Adult Diabetic Patients Who Attend the Diabetic Follow-Up Clinic at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, North West Ethiopia, 2016: Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mariam Tesfamichael G. , Alemayehu Abebaw , Tesfaye Eleni , Mequannt Worku , Temesgen Kiber , Yetwale Fisseha , Limenih Miteku Andualem
Published: July 2017

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which is characterized by multiple long-term complications that affect almost every system in the body. Foot ulcers are one of the main complications of diabetes mellitus. However, there is limited evidence on the occurrence of foot ulcer and influencing factors in Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar University Hospital, Ethiopia, to investigate foot ulcer occurrence in diabetic patients. Systematic random sampling was used to select 279 study participants. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with diabetic foot ulcer. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance. Diabetic foot ulcer was found to be 13.6%. Rural residence [AOR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.42, 5.93], type II diabetes mellitus [AOR = 2.58; 95% CI: 1.22, 6.45], overweight [AOR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.10], obesity [AOR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.25, 5.83], poor foot self-care practice [AOR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.21, 6.53], and neuropathy [AOR = 21.76; 95% CI: 8.43, 57.47] were factors associated with diabetic foot ulcer. Diabetic foot ulcer was found to be high. Provision of special emphasis for rural residence, decreasing excessive weight gain, managing neuropathy, and promoting foot self-care practice would decrease diabetic foot ulcer.
Inhibition of Histone Methyltransferase, Histone Deacetylase, and β-Catenin Synergistically Enhance the Cardiac Potential of Bone Marrow Cells
Authors: Yang Jinpu , Kaur Keerat , Edwards John G. , Eisenberg Carol A. , Eisenberg Leonard M.
Published: July 2017

Previously, we reported that treatment with the G9a histone methyltransferase inhibitor BIX01294 causes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to exhibit a cardiocompetent phenotype, as indicated by the induction of the precardiac markers Mesp1 and brachyury. Here, we report that combining the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) with BIX01294 synergistically enhances MSC cardiogenesis. Although TSA by itself had no effect on cardiac gene expression, coaddition of TSA to MSC cultures enhanced BIX01294-induced levels of Mesp1 and brachyury expression 5.6- and 7.2-fold. Moreover, MSCs exposed to the cardiogenic stimulus Wnt11 generated 2.6- to 5.6-fold higher levels of the cardiomyocyte markers GATA4, Nkx2.5, and myocardin when pretreated with TSA in addition to BIX01294. MSC cultures also showed a corresponding increase in the prevalence of sarcomeric protein-positive cells when treated with these small molecule inhibitors. These results correlated with data showing synergism between (1) TSA and BIX01294 in promoting acetylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 and (2) BIX01294 and Wnt11 in decreasing β-catenin accumulation in MSCs. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of observations in the early embryo on the importance of β-catenin signaling and histone modifications for cardiomyocyte differentiation and heart development.
A Method for Assessing the Retention of Trace Elements in Human Body Using Neural Network Technology
Authors: Tunakova Yulia , Novikova Svetlana , Ragimov Aligejdar , Faizullin Rashat , Valiev Vsevolod
Published: July 2017

Models that describe the trace element status formation in the human organism are essential for a correction of micromineral (trace elements) deficiency. A direct trace element retention assessment in the body is difficult due to the many internal mechanisms. The trace element retention is determined by the amount and the ratio of incoming and excreted substance. So, the concentration of trace elements in drinking water characterizes the intake, whereas the element concentration in urine characterizes the excretion. This system can be interpreted as three interrelated elements that are in equilibrium. Since many relationships in the system are not known, the use of standard mathematical models is difficult. The artificial neural network use is suitable for constructing a model in the best way because it can take into account all dependencies in the system implicitly and process inaccurate and incomplete data. We created several neural network models to describe the retentions of trace elements in the human body. On the model basis, we can calculate the microelement levels in the body, knowing the trace element levels in drinking water and urine. These results can be used in health care to provide the population with safe drinking water.
Longitudinal Raman Spectroscopic Observation of Skin Biochemical Changes due to Chemotherapeutic Treatment for Breast Cancer in Small Animal Model
Authors: Seong Myeongsu , Myoung NoSoung , Lee Songhyun , Jeong Hyeryun , Yim Sang-Youp , Kim Jae Gwan
Published: July 2017

The cancer field effect (CFE) has been highlighted as one of indirect indications for tissue variations that are insensitive to conventional diagnostic techniques. In this research, we had a hypothesis that chemotherapy for breast cancer would affect skin biochemical compositions that would be reflected by Raman spectral changes. We used a fiber-optic probe-based Raman spectroscopy to perform preliminary animal experiments to validate the hypothesis. Firstly, we verified the probing depth of the fiber-optic probe (~800 μm) using a simple intravenous fat emulsion-filled phantom having a silicon wafer at the bottom inside a cuvette. Then, we obtained Raman spectra during breast cancer treatment by chemotherapy from a small animal model in longitudinal manner. Our results showed that the treatment causes variations of biochemical compositions in the skin. For further validation, the Raman spectra will have to be collected from more populations and spectra will need to be compared with immunohistochemistry of the breast tissue.
Effect of Increased Endometrial Thickness and Implantation Rate by Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on Unresponsive Thin Endometrium in Fresh In Vitro Fertilization Cycles: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sarvi Fatemeh , Arabahmadi Marjan , Alleyassin Ashraf , Aghahosseini Marzieh , Ghasemi Marzieh
Published: July 2017

Background. The correlation between endometrial thickness and receptivity has been mentioned in various studies. This study investigated the effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in treating thin endometrium of infertile women who were chosen for in vitro fertilization in our infertility clinic in 2014 and 2015. Methods. In this randomized clinical trial, 28 women who were chosen for in vitro fertilization and had endometrial thickness of less than 6 mm on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection were included in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups: investigation and control groups. In investigation group (n=13) one granulocyte colony-stimulating factor vial (300 micrograms in 1 mL) was infused into the uterus within five minutes by embryo transfer catheter. In control group (n=15) 1 mL of saline was injected into the uterus with the same catheter. Results. There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of means of endometrial thickness on oocyte retrieval day (P=0.001), embryo transfer day (P=0.001), hCG injections (P=0.001), and implantation rates (P=0.001). Conclusion. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor can increase endometrial thickness in women treated with in vitro fertilization. RCT Code is 201406046063N2.
An Intact Dopamine Sensitivity in the Brain: A Necessity to Recover Hyperprolactinemia and Galactorrhea in a Female Hemodialysis Patient?
Authors: Philipse Eva , Philipse Ester , Twickler Theodorus , Van Craenenbroeck Amaryllis , Couttenye Marie Madeleine , Van Gaal Luc
Published: July 2017

A female hemodialysis patient with galactorrhea due to hyperprolactinemia was treated with different dialysis modalities to assess the effect on prolactin levels. A single session of both high-flux hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration resulted in decreased prolactin levels (16,6% and 77,2%, resp.). However, baseline prolactin levels measured immediately before the next dialysis session did not change markedly. After cabergoline treatment was started, prolactin levels normalized and galactorrhea disappeared. Thus, dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin secretion might be reduced in patients with end-stage renal disease. This dopaminergic resistance could be an important mechanism of hyperprolactinemia in hemodialysis patients and its subsequent treatment strategies.
Use of Hemadsorption in a Case of Pediatric Toxic Shock Syndrome
Authors: Berkes Andrea , Szikszay Edit , Kappelmayer János , Kerényi Adrienne , Szabó Tamás , Ujhelyi László , Bari Krisztina , Balla György , Balla József
Published: July 2017

Background. Toxic shock syndrome is a potentially fatal toxin-mediated disease. The role of toxins in this clinical entity made us hypothesize that extracorporeal blood purification with CytoSorb® could play a beneficial role in the clinical management of toxic shock syndrome. This case report describes the successful treatment of toxic shock syndrome using a combination of renal replacement therapy and hemadsorption in a pediatric patient. Case Presentation. A 5-year-old girl with Down’s syndrome presented with an inflamed area surrounding an insect bite, signs of systemic inflammation, and multiple organ failure. As previous attempts of immune modulation therapy were unsuccessful, renal replacement therapy was supplemented by the cytokine absorber CytoSorb. Treatment using this combination was associated with a rapid and significant stabilization in the hemodynamic situation and a decrease in inflammatory mediators within hours after the initiation of therapy. The application of CytoSorb therapy was simple and safe. Conclusion. The use of extracorporeal blood purification with CytoSorb proved potentially beneficial by removing toxins and inflammatory mediators in this case and could therefore play a role in the clinical management of toxic shock syndrome. Whether CytoSorb has the potential to even positively influence mortality in patients with toxic shock syndrome still needs to be confirmed.
Systematic Review: Outcomes by Duration of NPO Status prior to Colonoscopy
Authors: Shaukat Aasma , Malhotra Ashish , Greer Nancy , MacDonald Roderick , Wels Joseph , Wilt Timothy J.
Published: July 2017

Background/Aims. Variation exists among anesthesia providers as to acceptable timing of NPO (“nothing by mouth”) for elective colonoscopy procedures. There is a need to balance optimal colonic preparation, patient convenience, and scheduling efficiency with anesthesia safety concerns. We reviewed the evidence for the relationship between NPO timing and aspiration incidence and colonoscopy rescheduling. Methods. We searched MEDLINE (1990–April 2015) for English language studies of any design and included them if at least one bowel preparation regimen was completed within 8 hours of colonoscopy. Study characteristics, patient characteristics, and outcomes were abstracted and verified by investigators. We determined risk of bias for each study and overall strength of evidence for primary and secondary outcomes. Results. We included 28 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 2 controlled clinical trials, and 10 observational reports. Six studies reported on aspiration; none found that shorter NPO status prior to colonoscopy increased aspiration risk, though studies were not designed to assess this outcome (low strength of evidence). One RCT found fewer rescheduled procedures following split-dose preparation but NPO status was not well-documented (insufficient evidence). Conclusions. Aspiration incidence requiring hospitalization during colonoscopy with moderate or deep sedation is very low. No study found that shorter NPO status prior to colonoscopy increased aspiration risk. We did not find direct evidence of the effect of NPO status on colonoscopy rescheduling.
Acute Myocardial Infarction Caused by an Anomalous Right Coronary Artery Occlusion Presenting with Precordial ST Elevation
Authors: Matte Bruno da Silva , Azmus Alexandre Damiani
Published: July 2017

Acute coronary syndrome with precordial ST segment elevation is usually related to left anterior descending artery occlusion, although isolated right ventricular infarction has been described as a cause of ST elevation in V1–V3 leads. We present a case of a patient with previous inferior wall infarction and new acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) due to proximal right coronary thrombotic occlusion resulting in right ventricular infarction with precordial ST elevation and sinus node dysfunction. The patient was treated with successful rescue angioplasty achieving resolution of acute symptoms and electrocardiographic abnormalities.
CPW-Fed Wideband Circular Polarized Antenna for UHF RFID Applications
Authors: Kim Sun-Woong , Kim Guen-Sik , Choi Dong-You
Published: July 2017

We propose a wide bandwidth antenna with a circular polarization for universal Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader applications. To achieve a wide 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth, three T-shaped microstrip lines are inserted into the ground plane. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 480 MHz and extends from 660 to 1080 MHz, and the 3 dB AR bandwidth is 350 MHz and extends from 800 to 1155 MHz. The radiation pattern is a bidirectional pattern with a maximum antenna gain of 3.67 dBi. The overall size of the proposed antenna is 114 × 114 × 0.8 mm3.
The Youngest Reported and Successfully Treated Patient with a Dermoid Cyst of the Parotid Gland: A Rare Pediatric Case
Authors: Glaas Marcel Fabian , Schipper Jörg , Kajasi Nelofar , Albrecht Angelika
Published: July 2017

Dermoid cysts (DCs) are rare benign, epithelial-lined lesions. Up to 7% of them are found in the head and neck region and 80% of those predominantly occur in the orbit, in the nose, and in the floor of the mouth. The average age of presentation is around the age of six. Dermoid cysts located in the parotid gland have only been published in 19 cases so far. Interestingly, the mean age of occurrence in the parotid gland was much higher (31 years). We report on a four-year-old girl being the youngest patient who had ever been diagnosed with this disease.
Research on NDT Technology in Inference of Steel Member Strength Based on Macro/Micro Model
Authors: Ding Beidou , Xiao Naiqiang , Zhang Shuxun , Wang Yong
Published: July 2017

In consideration of correlations among hardness, chemical composition, grain size, and strength of carbon steel, a new nondestructive testing technology (NDT) of inferring the carbon steel strength was explored. First, the hardness test, chemical composition analysis, and metallographic analysis of 162 low‐carbon steel samples were conducted. Second, the following works were carried out: (1) quantitative relationship between steel Leeb hardness and carbon steel strength was studied on the basis of regression analysis of experimental data; (2) influences of chemical composition and grain size on tension properties of carbon steel were analyzed on the basis of stepwise regression analysis, and quantitative relationship between conventional compositions and grain size with steel strength was obtained; (3) according to the macro and/or micro factors such as hardness, chemical compositions, and grain size of carbon steel, the fitting formula of steel strength was established based on MLR (multiple linear regressions) method. The above relationships and fitting formula based on MLR method could be used to estimate the steel strength with no damage to the structure in engineering practice.
Developing and Implementing a Community-Based Model of Care for Fibromyalgia: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Teo Michelle , Mohan Bindu , Oelke Nelly D.
Published: July 2017

Background. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex disease posing challenges for primary care providers and specialists in its management. Aim. To evaluate the development and implementation of a comprehensive, integrated, community-based model of care for FM. Methods. A mixed methods feasibility study was completed in a small urban centre in southern British Columbia, Canada. Eleven adults with FM and a team of seven health care providers (HCPs) participated in a 10-week intervention involving education, exercise, and sleep management. Monthly “team-huddle” sessions with HCPs facilitated the integration of care. Data included health questionnaires, patient interviews, provider focus group/interviews, and provider surveys. Results. Both patients and HCPs valued the interprofessional team approach to care. Other key aspects included the benefits of the group, exercise, and the positive focus of the program. Effectiveness of the model showed promising results: quality of care for chronic illness, quality of life, and sleep showed significant (P<0.05) differences from baseline to follow-up. Conclusions. Our community-based model of care for FM was successfully implemented. Further testing of the model will be required with a larger sample to determine its effectiveness, although promising results were apparent in our feasibility study.
A Decentralized Partially Observable Markov Decision Model with Action Duration for Goal Recognition in Real Time Strategy Games
Authors: Jiao Peng , Xu Kai , Yue Shiguang , Wei Xiangyu , Sun Lin
Published: July 2017

Multiagent goal recognition is a tough yet important problem in many real time strategy games or simulation systems. Traditional modeling methods either are in great demand of detailed agents’ domain knowledge and training dataset for policy estimation or lack clear definition of action duration. To solve the above problems, we propose a novel Dec-POMDM-T model, combining the classic Dec-POMDP, an observation model for recognizer, joint goal with its termination indicator, and time duration variables for actions with action termination variables. In this paper, a model-free algorithm named cooperative colearning based on Sarsa is used. Considering that Dec-POMDM-T usually encounters multiagent goal recognition problems with different sorts of noises, partially missing data, and unknown action durations, the paper exploits the SIS PF with resampling for inference under the dynamic Bayesian network structure of Dec-POMDM-T. In experiments, a modified predator-prey scenario is adopted to study multiagent joint goal recognition problem, which is the recognition of the joint target shared among cooperative predators. Experiment results show that (a) Dec-POMDM-T works effectively in multiagent goal recognition and adapts well to dynamic changing goals within agent group; (b) Dec-POMDM-T outperforms traditional Dec-MDP-based methods in terms of precision, recall, andF-measure.
Parallelization of an Unsteady ALE Solver with Deforming Mesh Using OpenACC
Authors: Ma Wenpeng , Lu Zhonghua , Yuan Wu , Hu Xiaodong
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a parallel, GPU-based, deforming mesh-enabled unsteady numerical solver for solving moving body problems by using OpenACC. Both the 2D and 3D parallel algorithms based on spring-like deforming mesh methods are proposed and then implemented through OpenACC programming model. Furthermore, these algorithms are coupled with an unstructured mesh based, implicit time scheme integrated numerical solver, which makes the full GPU version of the solver capable of handling unsteady calculations with deforming mesh. Experiments results show that the proposed parallel deforming mesh algorithm can achieve over 2.5x speedup on K20 GPU card in comparison with 20 OpenMP threads on Intel E5-2658 V2 CPU cores. And both 2D and 3D cases are conducted to validate the efficiency, correctness, and accuracy of the present solver.
Effects of Three Biochars as Adsorbents on Soils Adsorbing Ammonium Nitrogen in Biogas Slurry
Authors: Wang Li-Li , Wu Jing , Wang Zhong-Jiang , Li Wen-Zhe , Zhang Ke
Published: July 2017

The increasing concern of biogas slurry disposal and nitrogen loss in soils has brought back the interest in using biochar as an adsorbent of biogas slurry in soils. Three types of biochars, commercial activated carbon, pyrolysis productions derived from rice husk, and nut shell, were added as adsorbents in two types of soils (sandy and loamy) at solid weight ratio of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% to investigate the effects of biochars on soils adsorbing ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) in biogas slurry using oscillation method. There was no difference of NH4+-N adsorbability for sand soil and loamy soil. The NH4+-N adsorption capacity of soils increased as the additive biochars increased from 0 to 20%. The smaller particle size of biochars led to the shorter stable adsorption time and the better NH4+-N adsorption capacity. Commercial activated carbon showed the best NH4+-N adsorption capacity in biogas slurry, followed by the nut shell carbon. The rice husk carbon was the worst. The results in this study provide a feasible and cost-effective assessment method of biochars for increasing the NH4+-N adsorption capacity of soils in biogas slurry, as well as good insight into effects of different biochars on improving NH4+-N adsorption capacity of soils.
In Vitro Laser Treatment Platform Construction with Dental Implant Thread Surface on Bacterial Adhesion for Peri-Implantitis
Authors: Kuo Hsien-Nan , Mei Hsiang-I , Liu Tung-Kuan , Liu Tse-Ying , Lo Lun-Jou , Lin Chun-Li
Published: July 2017

This study constructs a standard in vitro laser treatment platform with dental implant thread surface on bacterial adhesion for peri-implantitis at different tooth positions. The standard clinical adult tooth jaw model was scanned to construct the digital model with 6 mm bone loss depth on behalf of serious peri-implantitis at the incisor, first premolar, and first molar. A cylindrical suite connected to the implant and each tooth root in the jaw model was designed as one experimental unit set to allow the suite to be replaced for individual bacterial adhesion. The digital peri-implantitis and suite models were exported to fulfill the physical model using ABS material in a 3D printer. A 3 mm diameter specimen implant on bacterial adhesion against Escherichia coli was performed for gram-negative bacteria. An Er:YAG laser, working with a chisel type glass tip, was moved from the buccal across the implant thread to the lingual for about 30 seconds per sample to verify the in vitro laser treatment platform. The result showed that the sterilization rate can reach 99.3% and the jaw model was not damaged after laser irradiation testing. This study concluded that using integrated image processing, reverse engineering, CAD system, and a 3D printer to construct a peri-implantitis model replacing the implant on bacterial adhesion and acceptable sterilization rate proved the feasibility of the proposed laser treatment platform.
Central Precocious Puberty and Response to GnRHa Therapy in Children with Cerebral Palsy and Moderate to Severe Motor Impairment: Data from a Longitudinal, Case-Control, Multicentre, Italian Study
Authors: Bruzzi Patrizia , Messina Maria Francesca , Bartoli Alessandra , Predieri Barbara , Lucaccioni Laura , Madeo Simona Filomena , Verrotti Alberto , De Luca Filippo , Iughetti Lorenzo
Published: July 2017

Background. Children affected by neurodevelopmental disability could experience early pubertal changes at least 20 times more than the general population. Limited data about central precocious puberty (CPP) among children affected by cerebral palsy (CP) are available.Methods. This is a longitudinal, observational, retrospective, case-control study involving 22 children affected by CPP and CP (group A), 22 paired with CP but without CPP (group B), and 22 children with CPP without CP. Auxological, biochemical, and instrumental data were collected at diagnosis of CPP and at 2 follow-up visits.Results. No differences were detected between groups A (at baseline) and B. At diagnosis of CPP, height SDS adjusted for target height (H-TH SDS) was significantly reduced in A than in C (−0.63 ± 1.94 versus 1.56 ± 1.38), while basal LH and oestradiol levels were significantly elevated in A than in C. During follow-up, despite an effective treatment, growth impairment deteriorated in A than in C (Δ H-SDS from diagnosis of CPP to last follow-up: −0.49 ± 0.91 versus 0.21 ± 0.33,p=0.023).Conclusions. Diagnosis of CPP could be partially mislead in CP due to growth failure that got worse during follow-up despite therapy. CPP in CP seems to progress rapidly along time supporting the hypothesis of a more intense activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-axis in these patients.
Relaxation Factor Optimization for Common Iterative Algorithms in Optical Computed Tomography
Authors: Jiang Wenbo , Zhang Xiaohua
Published: July 2017

Optical computed tomography technique has been widely used in pathological diagnosis and clinical medicine. For most of optical computed tomography algorithms, the relaxation factor plays a very important role in the quality of the reconstruction image. In this paper, the optimal relaxation factors of the ART, MART, and SART algorithms for bimodal asymmetrical and three‐peak asymmetrical tested images are analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, the reconstructions with Gaussian noise are also considered to evaluate the antinoise ability of the above three algorithms. The numerical simulation results show that the reconstruction errors and the optimal relaxation factors are greatly influenced by the Gaussian noise. This research will provide a good theoretical foundation and reference value for pathological diagnosis, especially for ophthalmic, dental, breast, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal diseases.
Effectiveness of Liquid-Liquid Extraction, Solid Phase Extraction, and Headspace Technique for Determination of Some Volatile Water-Soluble Compounds of Rose Aromatic Water
Authors: Canbay Hale Seçilmiş
Published: July 2017

Steam distillation is used to isolate scent of rose flowers. Rose aromatic water is commonly used in European cuisine and aromatherapy besides its use in cosmetic industry for its lovely scent. In this study, three different sampling techniques, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), headspace technique (HS), and solid phase extraction (SPE), were compared for the analysis of volatile water-soluble compounds in commercial rose aromatic water. Some volatile water-soluble compounds of rose aromatic water were also analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). In any case, it was concluded that one of the solid phase extraction methods led to higher recoveries for 2-phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) in the rose aromatic water than the liquid-liquid extraction and headspace technique. Liquid-liquid extraction method provided higher recovery ratios for citronellol, nerol, and geraniol than others. Ideal linear correlation coefficient values were observed by GCMS for quantitative analysis of volatile compounds (r2≥0.999). Optimized methods showed acceptable repeatability (RSDs < 5%) and excellent recovery (>95%). For compounds such as α-pinene, linalool, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, methyl eugenol, and eugenol, the best recovery values were obtained with LLE and SPE.
Synergistic Antitumour Properties ofviscumTTin Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Stammer Rahel Mascha , Kleinsimon Susann , Rolff Jana , Jäger Sebastian , Eggert Angelika , Seifert Georg , Delebinski Catharina I.
Published: July 2017

Aqueous mistletoe extracts from the European mistletoe (Viscum album) contain mainly mistletoe lectins and viscotoxins as cytotoxic compounds. Lipophilic triterpene acids, which do not occur in conventional mistletoe preparations, were solubilised withβ-cyclodextrins. The combination of an aqueous extract (viscum) and a triterpene-containing extract (TT) recreated a whole mistletoe extract (viscumTT). These extracts were tested on rhabdomyosarcoma in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo with regard to anticancer effects.ViscumandviscumTTinhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis effectively in a dose-dependent manner in vitro and ex vivo, whereasTTshowed only moderate inhibitory effects.viscumTTproved to be more effective than the single extracts and displayed a synergistic effect in vitro and a stronger effect in vivo.viscumTTinduced apoptosis via the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, evidenced by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of CASP8 and CASP9. CASP10 inhibitor inhibited apoptosis effectively, emphasising the importance of CASP10 inviscumTT-induced apoptosis. Additionally,viscumTTchanged the ratio of apoptosis-associated proteins by downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins such as XIAP and BIRC5, thus shifting the balance towards apoptosis.viscumTTeffectively reduced tumour volume in patient-derived xenografts in vivo and may be considered a promising substance for rhabdomyosarcoma therapy.
TheuS8,uS4,eS31, anduL14Ribosomal Protein Genes Are Dysregulated in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: Sim Edmund Ui-Hang , Ng Kher-Lee , Lee Choon-Weng , Narayanan Kumaran
Published: July 2017

The association of ribosomal proteins with carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been established in a limited subset of ribosomal protein genes. To date, three ribosomal protein genes,eL27 (L27),eL41 (L41), andeL43 (L37a), have been found to be differentially expressed in cell lines derived from NPC tumors. This raises the possibility of more ribosomal protein genes that could be associated with NPC. In this study, we investigated the expression profiles of eight ribosomal protein genes,uS8 (S8), uS4 (S9), eS31 (S27a), eL6 (L6), eL18 (L18), uL14 (L23), eL24 (L24), andeL30 (L30), in six NPC-derived cell lines(HONE-1, SUNE1, HK1, TW01, TW04, and C666-1). Their expression levels were compared with that of a nonmalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line (NP69) using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay. Of the eight genes studied, the expressions of four ribosomal protein genesuS8 (S8), uS4 (S9), eS31 (S27a),anduL14 (L23)were found to be significantly downregulated in NPC cell lines relative to NP69. Our findings provide novel empirical evidence of these four ribosomal protein genes as NPC-associated genetic factors and reinforce the relevance of ribosomal proteins in the carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal cancer.
Adding Bismuth to Rabeprazole-Based First-Line Triple Therapy Does Not Improve the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Wu Meng-Chieh , Wang Yao-Kuang , Liu Chung-Jung , Yu Fang-Jung , Kuo Fu-Chen , Liu Min-Li , Kuo Chao-Hung , Wu Deng-Chyang , Huang Yao-Kang , Wu I-Chen
Published: July 2017

This randomized controlled study aimed to evaluate whether adding bismuth to the standard first-line triple therapy could improve the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori. A total of 162 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection were randomly assigned to either the 7-day triple therapy group (RAK regimen: rabeprazole 20 mg, amoxicillin 1 g, and clarithromycin 500 mg bid; n=81) or the bismuth plus triple therapy group (n=81). In the RBAK group, bismuth subcitrate 360 mg twice daily was added to the RAK regimen. A follow-up endoscopy or urea breath test was performed at least 4 weeks after eradication to confirm the treatment efficacy. Comparable compliance and Helicobacter pylori eradication rates were observed in both groups in either intention-to-treat [RAK 72.8% (59/81) versus RBAK 77.8% (63/81); p=0.47] or per protocol analysis [RAK 74.7% (59/79) versus RBAK 81.8% (63/77); p=0.26]. Adverse effects were commonly reported (50.6% for both groups) although most of these did not cause cessation of treatment. The resistance rate was 27.2% for metronidazole and 12.3% for clarithromycin. Adding bismuth to the standard 7-day triple therapy did not substantially increase the eradication rate. Further study is needed clarifying whether extending the duration of RBAK regimen to 10–14 days can lead to a better result.
Angiogenesis Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Cantatore Francesco Paolo , Maruotti Nicola , Corrado Addolorata , Ribatti Domenico
Published: July 2017

Systemic sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by vascular injury and fibrosis and by an impaired angiogenesis which cannot ensure an efficient vascular recovery. Vascular injury is responsible for hypoxia and tissual ischemia which are the primary triggers for angiogenesis and are not able to induce a compensatory angiogenesis. This review article is focused on current knowledge on the mechanisms responsible for angiogenesis dysregulation in systemic sclerosis.
Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Upper Airway Morphology: A Systematic Review on the Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Di Carlo Gabriele , Saccucci Matteo , Ierardo Gaetano , Luzzi Valeria , Occasi Francesca , Zicari Anna Maria , Duse Marzia , Polimeni Antonella
Published: July 2017

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the quality of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) studies evaluating the effects of rapid maxillary expansion on upper airway morphology. Materials and Methods. A database search was conducted using PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane Library up to December 2016. Studies in which CBCT was adopted to visualize the upper airway before and after rapid maxillary expansion were included. The population target was growing patients. Methodological quality assessment was performed. Results. The screening process resulted in the exclusion of 1079 references, resulting in only 9 remaining papers that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. No randomized clinical trials were found. The quality scores ranged from 36% to 68% of the maximum achievable, and the mean quality score of the studies was 50%. No good quality studies were detected in our sample. Conclusions. Inconsistencies in the CBCT protocols utilized were detected between studies. Head posture, tongue position, and segmentation protocols were not consistent. These discrepancies were reflected in the different results obtained in the studies. A valid and consistent protocol with regard to head and tongue positioning, as well as nasal cavity volume segmentation, is required.
Hantzsch Reaction Starting Directly from Alcohols through a Tandem Oxidation Process
Authors: Liu Xiaobing , Liu Bin
Published: July 2017

A Brønsted acidic ionic liquid, 3-(N,N-dimethyldodecylammonium) propanesulfonic acid hydrogen sulphate ([DDPA][HSO4]), has been successfully applied to catalyze sequential oxidation of aromatic alcohols with NaNO3 followed by their condensation with dicarbonyl compound and ammonium acetate. The corresponding pyridine analogues of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines could be obtained as a major product with high yields by the multicomponent reaction. The present work utilizing alcohols instead of aldehyde in Hantzsch reaction is a valid and green alternative to the classical synthesis of the corresponding pyridine analogues of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines.
Protective Effects of Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Pretreatment against Aplastic Anemia through Improving the Adhesiveness and Stress of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rats
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhang Li , Wang Handong , Guo Zan , Liu Yixian , Zhang Yi , Wang Chuan , Li Quanhai
Published: July 2017

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a common malignant blood disease, and chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) has a beneficial effect against different diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of CIHH against AA and underlying mechanisms. 5-Fluorouracil and busulfan treatment induced AA model in rats with reduction of hematological parameters and bone marrow tissue injury and decrease of the colony numbers of progenitor cells. CIHH pretreatment significantly reduced the incidence rate of AA and alleviated above symptoms in AA model. The adhesive molecules of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) in AA model, VLA-4, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 were upregulated, and those of CD162 and CD164 were downregulated by CIHH pretreatment. The expressions of HIF-1αand NF-κB in BMMSCs were also decreased through CIHH pretreatment. Overall, the results demonstrated for the first time that CIHH has an anti-AA effect through improving the adhesiveness and stress of mesenchymal stem cells in rats. CIHH could be a promising and effective therapy for AA.
Bilateral, Misalignment-Compensating, Full-DOF Hip Exoskeleton: Design and Kinematic Validation
Authors: Junius Karen , Degelaen Marc , Lefeber Nina , Swinnen Eva , Vanderborght Bram , Lefeber Dirk
Published: July 2017

A shared design goal for most robotic lower limb exoskeletons is to reduce the metabolic cost of locomotion for the user. Despite this, only a limited amount of devices was able to actually reduce user metabolic consumption. Preservation of the natural motion kinematics was defined as an important requirement for a device to be metabolically beneficial. This requires the inclusion of all human degrees of freedom (DOF) in a design, as well as perfect alignment of the rotation axes. As perfect alignment is impossible, compensation for misalignment effects should be provided. A misalignment compensation mechanism for a 3-DOF system is presented in this paper. It is validated by the implementation in a bilateral hip exoskeleton, resulting in a compact and lightweight device that can be donned fast and autonomously, with a minimum of required adaptations. Extensive testing of the prototype has shown that hip range of motion of the user is maintained while wearing the device and this for all three hip DOFs. This allowed the users to maintain their natural motion patterns when they are walking with the novel hip exoskeleton.
Therapeutic Potential of Epigallocatechin Gallate Nanodelivery Systems
Authors: Granja Andreia , Frias Iúri , Neves Ana Rute , Pinheiro Marina , Reis Salette
Published: July 2017

Nowadays, the society is facing a large health problem with the rising of new diseases, including cancer, heart diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and obesity. Thus, it is important to invest in substances that enhance the health of the population. In this context, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a flavonoid found in many plants, especially in tea. Several studies support the notion that EGCG has several benefits in fighting cancer, heart diseases, diabetes, and obesity, among others. Nevertheless, the poor intestinal absorbance and instability of EGCG constitute the main drawback to use this molecule in prevention and therapy. The encapsulation of EGCG in nanocarriers leads to its enhanced stability and higher therapeutic effects. A comprehensive review of studies currently available on the encapsulation of EGCG by means of nanocarriers will be addressed.