bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saudi patients outcomes after surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Alzakri Abdulmajeed , AlMuhid Faisal , Almousa Nasser , Aljehani Muaath , Alhalabi Hashem
Published: June 2023

Background

In order to improve post-operative patient’s quality-of-life, attention must be paid to the identification of factors that play a role in patient’s satisfaction with surgical treatment. Patient satisfaction with the outcomes of scoliosis surgery has not been addressed so comprehensively in Saudi literature, as well as the effect of patient satisfaction on the different domains of the SRS-22 questionnaire and radiographic parameters is yet to be reported locally. The aim of this study is to explore such findings especially in our population.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at two of the largest centers of spine surgery in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A total of 316 eligible patients were selected via consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected from eligible patients who fit our inclusion criteria, which includes patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis aged from 10 to 21 years. Student t test, Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients statistical tests were used.

Results

There were 283 (89.6%) females and 33 (10.4%) male patients with a mean age of 15.09 (± 2.27 SD) years. All the domains of SRS-22 showed significantly higher scores 2-year postoperatively, when compared with preoperative values (P < 0.001). The change in all SRS-22 domains correlated positively and significantly with the 2-year postoperative satisfaction using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (P < 0.05); the total score showed the highest correlation followed by the self-image domain. The major Cobb angle correction percentage correlated significantly (P < 0.05) solely with the change in pain domain.

Conclusion

Self-image correlated highly and significantly with patient satisfaction postoperatively. It also had the biggest influence SRS-22 scores postoperatively in conjunction with satisfaction scores. That is an indication of the role it plays in patient satisfaction and quality-of-life postoperatively, which may influence the surgical decision making.
Lumbosacral fusion increases the risk of hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Ulusoy İbrahim , Kıvrak Aybars
Published: June 2023

Objective

There may be biomechanical changes in the adjacent hip joint after lumbosacral fusion. The literature has limited information on how these biomechanical changes may result in hip joint space.

Material

method

Our retrospective study examined hip joint space narrowing in patients who underwent lumbosacral fusion between 2020 and 2022. In addition, spinopelvic parameters such as sacral slope, the sagittal vertical axis, pelvic incidence, lumbar lordosis, and pelvic tilt were compared in patients who underwent short-segment (up to three levels, S group) and long-segment (4 and higher levels, L group) fusions.

Results

Our study found no significant relationship between spinopelvic parameters and joint space narrowing in the S and L groups. In addition, it was determined that there was more narrowing in the hip joint space in the long-segment group, and there was a positive correlation between the segment length and the narrowing in the hip joint space.

Conclusion

After lumbosacral fusion, narrowing of the hip joint space was observed. Particularly patients with long-segment lumbosacral fusion should be followed closely regarding hip osteoarthritis risk.
Easing pandemic-related restrictions, easing psychosocial stress factors in families with infants and toddlers? Cross-sectional results of the three wave CoronabaBY study from Germany
Authors: Friedmann Anna , Buechel Catherine , Seifert Clara , Eber Stefan , Mall Volker , Nehring Ina
Published: June 2023

Background

Families with young children are particularly vulnerable for the stressors induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, studies on their psychosocial situation during the course of the crisis are still sparse.

Methods

In a comparison of three survey waves (wave I and III = high COVID-19 incidences), we cross-sectionally investigated the proportion of families (Ntotal = 2940) with children aged 0–3 years experiencing pandemic burden, parenting stress, and parental and child mental health problems in relation to COVID-19 incidences and restrictions in Southern Germany via validated questionnaires. Potential influencing factors were also explored.

Results

The number of parents with a high pandemic burden decreased over the course of the pandemic with a peak of 65.3% in wave I (significant changes except wave II versus III). Participants with high parenting stress significantly increased from 38.2% in wave I to 51.2% in wave III. The number of parents with symptoms of depression and anxiety remained constantly high with a maximum of 28.4% being affected. Infants with crying/sleeping problems increased significantly from 26.4% in wave I to 35.5% in wave III. Toddlers’ emotional and behavioral problems showed a peak of 23.9% in wave III (no significant changes). Increased family conflicts were the strongest predictor for parenting stress (ß = 0.355), maternal (ß = 0.305), infants’ (ß = 0.149) and toddlers’ (ß = 0.216) mental health problems during the pandemic.

Conclusions

Psychosocial stress factors in families with infants and toddlers remained highly pronounced and even partly increased irrespective of pandemic events. The findings suggest a staggered negative impact of pandemic-related factors on young children’s mental health. Promoting infants’ mental health as well as strengthening parental resources by reducing parenting stress should be a top healthcare priority in the aftermath of COVID-19.

Trial registration The study was pre-registered in OSF (https://osf.io/search/?q=tksh5&page=1)
scTour: a deep learning architecture for robust inference and accurate prediction of cellular dynamics
Authors: Li Qian
Published: June 2023

Despite the continued efforts, a batch-insensitive tool that can both infer and predict the developmental dynamics using single-cell genomics is lacking. Here, I present scTour, a novel deep learning architecture to perform robust inference and accurate prediction of cellular dynamics with minimal influence from batch effects. For inference, scTour simultaneously estimates the developmental pseudotime, delineates the vector field, and maps the transcriptomic latent space under a single, integrated framework. For prediction, scTour precisely reconstructs the underlying dynamics of unseen cellular states or a new independent dataset. scTour’s functionalities are demonstrated in a variety of biological processes from 19 datasets.
Accuracy of the estimations of respiratory mechanics using an expiratory time constant in passive and active breathing conditions: a bench study
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Yuan Yueyang , Zhang Hai , Li Feng
Published: June 2023

Background

Respiratory mechanics monitoring provides useful information for guiding mechanical ventilation, but many measuring methods are inappropriate for awake patients. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of dynamic mechanics estimation using expiratory time constant (RCexp) calculation during noninvasive pressure support ventilation (PSV) with air leak in different lung models.

Methods

A Respironics V60 ventilator was connected to an active breathing simulator for modeling five profiles: normal adult, restrictive, mildly and severely obstructive, and mixed obstructive/restrictive. Inspiratory pressure support was adjusted to maintain tidal volumes (VT), achieving 5.0, 7.0, and 10.0 ml/kg body weight. PEEP was set at 5 cmH2O, and the back-up rate was 10 bpm. Measurements were conducted at system leaks of 25–28 L/min. RCexp was estimated from the ratio at 75% exhaled VT and flow rate, which was then used to determine respiratory system compliance (Crs) and airway resistance (Raw).

Results

In non-obstructive conditions (Raw ≤ 10 cmH2O/L/s), the Crs was overestimated in the PSV mode. Peak inspiratory and expiratory flow and VT increased with PS levels, as calculated Crs decreased. In passive breathing, the difference of Crs between different VT was no significant. Underestimations of inspiratory resistance and expiratory resistance were observed at VT of 5.0 ml/kg. The difference was minimal at VT of 7.0 ml/kg. During non-invasive PSV, the estimation of airway resistance with the RCexp method was accurately at VT of 7.0 ml/kg.

Conclusions

The difference between the calculated Crs and the preset value was influenced by the volume, status and inspiratory effort in spontaneously breathing.
A prospective survey on trephine biopsy of bone and bone marrow: an experience with 274 Indian patients’ biopsies
Authors: Nadda Rahul , Repaka Ramjee , Mallik Nabhajit , Sahani Ashish Kumar
Published: June 2023

Trephine bone marrow biopsy is an effective technique for diagnosing hematological malignancies in patients of different ages. During trephine biopsy, bone marrow cores are obtained for detailed morphological evaluation to look for any abnormality and arrive at a diagnosis. The primary goal of this work is to perform a survey on Indian patients of various ages for the trephine bone marrow biopsy process. In the present study, data related to 274 trephine biopsy samples from 300 patients were acquired at the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) in Chandigarh, India. Pain was found to be the sole major procedure-related complication, and patients reported no/less pain in 41 BMB (14.96%) patients, moderate pain in 82 (29.92%) cases, and unbearable pain in 151 (55.1%) BMB cases. In addition, the patients were evaluated by the authors and hematologist as non-anxious for the procedure in 34 (12.4%), anxious in 92 (33.57%), and very/highly anxious in 148 (56%) cases. The bone texture of the patients significantly affected the needle bending, number of repetitions required, and size of the bone marrow sample. This demonstrates the need for improvement in the biopsy procedure. To this end, a survey was conducted to assess the numerous difficulties and diagnostic outcomes throughout the trephine biopsy process.
Predator telemetry informs temporal and spatial overlap with stocked salmonids in Lake Huron
Authors: Fielder David G. , Hayden Todd A. , Binder Thomas R. , Dorr Brian S. , Currier Heidi A.
Published: June 2023

Double-Crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auratus), Walleyes (Sander vitreus), and Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) are migratory predators that undergo extensive movements in Lake Huron. Stocking of juvenile salmonid fish (OncorhynchusandSalmosp.) is an important component of fishery management in Lake Huron and assessing the spatial and temporal extent of predator movements is a useful consideration for determining when and where to stock juvenile fish to reduce predation and maximize survival. Previous investigation indicated that some Walleyes migrate to the main basin of Lake Huron in spring from Saginaw Bay. Similarly, telemetry studies of Lake Trout movement in Lake Huron have indicated an onshore movement in the spring. We used detection histories of Walleyes implanted with acoustic transmitters tagged in Saginaw Bay and Lake Trout implanted in northern Lake Huron to estimate the arrival date of migrating adults at eight ports in Lake Huron, where hatchery reared juvenile salmonids are stocked. Satellite telemetry of Cormorants that return to nesting grounds in northern Lake Huron were used to estimate their arrival dates at the same Lake Huron ports. Arrival of Walleye at Lake Huron ports ranged from April 10th to May 7th. Cormorants arrived earlier than Walleye at most Lake Huron ports (April 11th–April 18th). Lake Trout were more variable with a range of onshore movement from March 28th to May 16th. Our results suggested stocking efforts at these ports should generally occur before April 14th to decrease predatory impact from Cormorants, Walleyes, and Lake Trout.
Assessment of an exhaled breath test using ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the monitoring of kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Feng Shijian , Xiang Chengfang , He Yushi , Li Zhuoya , Zhao Zhongjun , Liu Bohan , Yin Zhaofa , He Qiyu , Yang Yanting , Huang Zhongli , Lin Tao , Li Wenwen , Duan Yixiang
Published: June 2023

Continuous monitoring for immunosuppressive status, infection and complications are a must for kidney transplantation (KTx) recipients. Traditional monitoring including blood sampling and kidney biopsy, which caused tremendous medical cost and trauma. Therefore, a cheaper and less invasive approach was urgently needed. We thought that a breath test has the potential to become a feasible tool for KTx monitoring. A prospective-specimen collection, retrospective-blinded assessment strategy was used in this study. Exhaled breath samples from 175 KTx recipients were collected in West China Hospital and tested by online ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UVP-TOF–MS). The classification models based on breath test performed well in classifying normal and abnormal values of creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and tacrolimus, with AUC values of 0.889, 0.850, 0.849 and 0.889, respectively. Regression analysis also demonstrated the predictive ability of breath test for clinical creatinine, eGFR, BUN, tacrolimus level, as the predicted values obtained from the regression model correlated well with the clinical true values (p < 0.05). The findings of this investigation implied that a breath test by using UVP-TOF–MS for KTx recipient monitoring is possible and accurate, which might be useful for future clinical screenings.
Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Pasireotide in Patients With Acromegaly: 14 Years of Single-Center Real-World Experience
Authors: Gadelha Mônica , Marques Nelma Verônica , Fialho Christhiane , Scaf Cristiane , Lamback Elisa , Antunes Ximene , Santos Erica , Magalhães Jaqueline , Wildemberg Luiz Eduardo
Published: June 2023

Context

Acromegaly is a rare, chronic, debilitating disorder caused by prolonged hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) and overproduction of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Medical therapies, including the somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL) pasireotide, are frequently used to restore biochemical control.

Objective

As patients often receive therapy over prolonged periods, long-term data from real-life settings are needed.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed using a prospectively maintained database of all patients with acromegaly from our primary care center who were enrolled in clinical studies with pasireotide (first visit November 2008). The main outcome measures were safety and biochemical control (age-adjusted IGF-I ≤ upper limit of normal).

Results

Patients (n = 50) entered 4 parental studies and 30 continued in the rollover; at data cutoff (June 2022), 27 were still receiving pasireotide. Overall, median (range) exposure was 58 (3-137) months. Normal IGF-I was achieved in 54%, and acromegaly symptoms and quality of life were improved with treatment. No predictors of pasireotide response were identified; however, controlled patients had smaller tumors and lower GH at baseline. Tumor volume reduction occurred in 63% of evaluable patients (n = 10/16). Most patients presented hyperglycemic events, including 63.2% of patients with normal glucose before treatment. Older patients and those with higher IGF-I, glucose, and HbA1c at baseline had higher glucose and HbA1c during pasireotide treatment.

Conclusion

Pasireotide provided clinical benefit and was well tolerated for more than 11 years of treatment in acromegaly patients, most of whom were resistant to first-generation SRLs.
Developing an Automated Registry (Autoregistry) of Spine Surgery Using Natural Language Processing and Health System Scale Databases
Authors: Cheung Alexander T. M. , Kurland David B. , Neifert Sean , Mandelberg Nataniel , Nasir-Moin Mustafa , Laufer Ilya , Pacione Donato , Lau Darryl , Frempong-Boadu Anthony K. , Kondziolka Douglas , Golfinos John G. , Oermann Eric Karl
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Clinical registries are critical for modern surgery and underpin outcomes research, device monitoring, and trial development. However, existing approaches to registry construction are labor-intensive, costly, and prone to manual error. Natural language processing techniques combined with electronic health record (EHR) data sets can theoretically automate the construction and maintenance of registries. Our aim was to automate the generation of a spine surgery registry at an academic medical center using regular expression (regex) classifiers developed by neurosurgeons to combine domain expertise with interpretable algorithms.

METHODS:

We used a Hadoop data lake consisting of all the information generated by an academic medical center. Using this database and structured query language queries, we retrieved every operative note written in the department of neurosurgery since our transition to EHR. Notes were parsed using regex classifiers and compared with a random subset of 100 manually reviewed notes.

RESULTS:

A total of 31 502 operative cases were downloaded and processed using regex classifiers. The codebase required 5 days of development, 3 weeks of validation, and less than 1 hour for the software to generate the autoregistry. Regex classifiers had an average accuracy of 98.86% at identifying both spinal procedures and the relevant vertebral levels, and it correctly identified the entire list of defined surgical procedures in 89% of patients. We were able to identify patients who required additional operations within 30 days to monitor outcomes and quality metrics.

CONCLUSION:

This study demonstrates the feasibility of automatically generating a spine registry using the EHR and an interpretable, customizable natural language processing algorithm which may reduce pitfalls associated with manual registry development and facilitate rapid clinical research.
Robotic technology in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Prakash Rohan , Agrawal Yuvraj
Published: June 2023

Key factors for successful total knee arthroplasty include accurate implant positioning with precise tibial and femoral resection, combined with appropriate soft tissue balancing to achieve the desired alignment. Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty allows surgeons to execute pre-planned strategies with precision, with growing evidence suggesting that robotic-assisted-total knee arthroplasty reduces radiological outliers. This has yet to be proven to translate into long-term improvements in patient-reported outcomes and implant survivorship. Robotic-assisted-total knee arthroplasty systems can be divided into fully autonomous and semi-autonomous systems. While fully autonomous systems showed initial promise, semi-autonomous systems are gaining popularity with encouraging early outcomes suggesting improved radiological and clinical outcomes, although concerns remain regarding a significant learning curve, installation costs, radiation exposure and cost associated with preoperative imaging. The future of total knee arthroplasty seems certain to involve robotic technology, although to what degree and in what capacity will depend on further high-quality studies assessing long-term outcomes, complications, survivorship and cost–benefit analyses.
UK Company Looks to Shrimp in Bid to Transform Fusion
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: June 2023

Sea creature's shock-wave technique is the basis for £3.6m machine
V2G Control Project in UK
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: June 2023

Parked cars will send energy back to grid
New Turbine Benchmark
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: June 2023

GE units will have a higher capacity factor
Formic Acid Provides Fuel Cell Fix
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: June 2023

Mobile unit to release the potential of hydrogen
Total Artificial Heart Revealed
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: June 2023

Titanium unit pulses to mimic real bloodflow
Emerging Technologies: Disrupting the Future
Authors: Sillem Hayaatun
Published: June 2023

The Academy's scheme to support UK visionaries has given me renewed confidence that we will continue to be world-leaders in science and engineering
Innovation at the Nucleus
Authors: Plana Robert
Published: June 2023

Stuart Nathan talks to Assystem's chief technology officer about the challenges for engineering firms in the digital age
Taking on the Arctic with GKN
Authors: Pickering Chris
Published: June 2023

The frozen lakes of northern Sweden provide the ultimate test-bed for the latest torque vectoring technology.
Improving Patient Outcomes
Authors: Parkes Matt
Published: June 2023

Smart implants are changing the way bone diseases and injuries are treated, writes Matt Parkes, senior medical development engineer at Renishaw
You've Really Got a Hold on Me
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: June 2023

Inspired by octopus tentacles, a robotics team built an artificial sucker
‘Space Drone’ Plan to Keep Satellites in the Right Orbit
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: June 2023

Off-Earth missions will keep old equipment running
Scientists Aim for the ‘Artificial Leaf’
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: June 2023

A new effect found in graphene resembles photosynthesis in plants
Fast Tracking a New Frontier
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: June 2023

Tokamak Energy's new CEO plans on using his commercial nous to get fusion on the grid by 2030.
Excess Delivery
Authors: Pickering Chris
Published: June 2023

Power, agility, comfort and a bargain price make the McLaren 720S possibly the best all-round supercar ever made,
Beating Back the Cyber Threat
Authors: Fowler David
Published: June 2023

The engineering and manufacturing sectors are facing a growing demand for cyber-security specialists.
“Learning in the Dark” Simulation to Teach about Accessibility
Authors: Ren Xinyue
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this instructor-led lesson is to raise preservice teachers’ awareness of the significance of accessibility in PK-12 education. In the lesson, students develop empathy to understand the experiences of learners with vision-related disabilities through a simulation activity and competencies to achieve accessibility in their specific teaching contexts. Multimedia and open educational resources are utilized to introduce accessibility, inclusive education, Universal Design for Learning, assistive technology, and accessibility evaluation. Students participate in several learning activities, such as a collaborative document to identify effective technologies to address accessibility issues faced by learners with disabilities and an e-portfolio assessment to evaluate the accessibility of e-learning tools in PK-12 classrooms.
#A11Y: EC Summer Institute on Accessibility
Authors: Smith Chris , Crystal Patrick  , Murray Donna , Starling Ginger , McGrath Meghan
Published: June 2023

In this lesson, P-16+ administrators and educators were introduced to the rationale for creating accessible digital content, differences in terminology, and accessibility considerations through materials that were developed internally. Throughout the lesson, learners were presented with a variety of resources and were given the opportunity to apply the concepts. This two-day-long Summer Institute was designed for P-16+ individuals who are responsible for designing and/or procuring digital instructional content. The lesson was presented to K-12 educators throughout North Carolina who attended the 2022 NC Exceptional Children's Summer Institute.
Universal Design for Learning and Direct Instruction in a Special Education Practicum
Authors: Caballero Mari , Liss Jerry
Published: June 2023

The Instructional Planning Project (IPP) assignment is set in an online practicum course for graduate students in a high incidence special education teacher preparation program. The IPP assignment is the culminating assignment in a sixteen-week long course. The course provides students with a lesson plan template, for a reading or math lesson, that integrates direct instruction and Universal Design for Learning. The template is used for the major IPP assignment as well as for prior lesson plan assignments. Detailed instructions and a rubric are provided on Canvas, the learning management system, for the IPP assignment, where practicum students infuse Universal Design for Learning principles into a direct instruction lesson.
DNA barcoding Clithon sp. (Gastropoda: Neritidae) from Badur Beach, Madura, Indonesia, based on COI gene molecular marker
Authors: DJOEMHARSJAH INTAN SALSABILA , AMBARWATI RENI , RAHAYU DWI ANGGOROWATI
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Djoemharsjah IS, Ambarwati R, Rahayu DA. 2023. DNA barcoding Clithonsp. (Gastropoda: Neritidae) from Badur Beach, Madura, Indonesia, based on COI gene molecular marker. Biodiversitas 24: xxxx. Neritidae is polymorphic with various shell colors and patterns; therefore, they were doubts about the identifying species from the genus Clithon, namely Clithon sp. from Badur Beach of Madura Island, Sumenep District, East Java Province, Indonesia. In addition, DNA barcoding could provide genetic information using short DNA sequences to quickly and precisely identify species. This study aimed to identify the genus Clithon sp. from Badur Beach, based on Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I(COI) genes and analysis of phylogenetic relationships. The research methods include sampling, sample preservation, morphological identification of species, DNA isolation, amplification, electrophoresis, and sequencing using the Sanger method with genetic analysis using bioinformatics software. The results of COI barcode identification obtained a DNA sequence length of 490bp with a similarity value of the three Clithon sp. samples between 96.75 to 98.97%. The identification with the Barcode of Life Data System consisted of three variations of nucleotide bases, and the average value of the genetic distance with the in-group was 1.74% as Clithon sp. The Phylogenetic tree Clithon sp. from Badur Beach, was in the same clade as Clithon sowerbianum Récluz 1843 and Clithon mertonianum Récluz 1843 with the Neighbor-Joining Tree and Maximum Likelihood methods with bootstrap values between 96-100. Therefore, the COI barcode DNA markers analysis successfully identified Clithon sp. from Badur Beach, Madura, Indonesia as C. sowerbianum.
Phenotypic diversity of bamboo Schizostachyum lima (Blanco) Merr. population grown in several critical habitats on Lombok Island, Indonesia
Authors: ARYANTI EVY , ARUMINGTYAS ESTRI LARAS , AZRIANINGSIH RODLIYATI , ARISOESILANINGSIH ENDANG
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Aryanti E, Arumingtyas EL, Azrianingsih R, Arisoesilaningsih E. 2023. Phenotypic diversity of bamboo Schizostachyum lima (Blanco) Merr.  population grown in several critical habitats on Lombok Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2788-2796. This study aims to analyze the phenotypic diversity among populations of Schizostachyum lima (Blanco) Merr. grown in several critical habitats on Lombok Island. Sampling was conducted to record clump growth and habitat properties of 38 sites grouped based on the clump density using PAST 4.11 and ArcGIS 10.8.2 software. Sampling was conducted to record clump growth and habitat properties of 38 sites grouped based on the clump density using PAST 4.11 and ArcGIS 10.8.2 software. The results showed that habitat 1 was the most critical land and had the lowest fertility, but it provided a qualified bamboo as a raw material for the artisanal straw industry. The results showed that habitat 1 was the most critical land and had the lowest fertility, but it provided a qualified bamboo as a raw material for the artisanal straw industry. Bamboo density reached 46 culms per clump and had the smallest culms diameter of 13 mm. Bamboo density reached 46 culms per clump and had the smallest culms diameter of 13 mm. The soil comprised 90% sand, with SOC 0.9 g.kg-1, total N 0.08 g.kg-1, and CEC 8.3 me.100 g-1. The soil comprised 90% sand, with SOC 0.9 g.kg-1, total N 0.08 g.kg-1, and CEC 8.3 me.100 g-1. Meanwhile, habitat 6 and habitat 7 were lesser critical, consisted of 66% of sand, showed the best soil fertility, and mean SOC 4.98 g.kg-1, total N 0.30 g.kg-1, CEC 27.23 me.100 g-1, density 151 culms, and biggest culms diameter 33 mm. Meanwhile, habitat 6 and habitat 7 were lesser critical, consisted of 66% of sand, showed the best soil fertility, and mean SOC 4.98 g.kg-1, total N 0.30 g.kg-1, CEC 27.23 me.100 g-1, density 151 culms per clump, and biggest culms diameter 33 mm. The other habitats varied in soil quality and bamboo growth properties. It was revealed that the high culms density, diameter, height, and internodal length were significantly increased in the high soil CEC, SOC, and total N. Furthermore, the SOC and total N content significantly correlated with the wall thickness.
The cloning and expression of the two types of kisspeptin gene in hard-lipped barb (Osteochilus vittatus)
Authors: PRAYOGO NORMAN ARIE , RAHAYU SAFITRI CITRA , SUGITO PUTRI PRAHASTUTI AYU , MEYANADEWI SRI BAYUN , SUKARDI PURNAMA , ROSITA RITA EKA , BESSHO YASUMASA
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Prayogo NA, Rahayu SC, Sugito PPA, Meyanadewi SB, Sukardi P, Rositas RE, Bessho Y. 2023. The cloning and expression of the two types of kisspeptin gene in hard-lipped barb (Osteochilus vittatus). Biodiversitas 24: 2797-2804. Hard-lipped barb (Osteochillus vittatus Valenciennes, 1842) is a native Indonesian species with many benefits for economic, aquaculture, and environmental sustainability. Several studies showed that the species had high reproductive potential, with kisspeptin gene playing a role in reproductive hormone production and GnRH secretion. Kisspetin gene is also important for gonad maturation in fish. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the structure of Kiss-1 and Kiss-2 genes, as well as the expression of the kisspeptin gene in the hypothalamus and gonads in each phase of female hard-lipped barb development.The study procedure involved several stages, including organ preparation, isolation, sequence identification, and measurement of cGnRH gene expression. The structure of Kiss-1 gene in hard-lipped barb was obtained, and the nucleotide sequence had a product length of 213, coding for 89 amino acids. Meanwhile, Kiss-2 consisted of 230 nucleotides, coding for 76 amino acids, and the sequences observed had 70-80% with other fish species. The results showed that the expression values of Kiss-1 and Kiss-2 genes in the hypothalamus were higher compared to the gonads, with the lowest in the adult phase and the highest in the Juvenile phase. This information will lead us to use the kisspeptin gene to increase hard-lipped barb reproduction.
Floristic composition and structure of Eurycoma longifolia habitat in Muka Kuning Nature Tourism Park, Riau Islands, Indonesia
Authors: SUSILOWATI ARIDA , RACHMAT HENTI HENDALASTUTI , YULITA KUSUMADEWI SRI , WIJAYA KESUMA
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Susilowati A, Rachmat HH, Yulita KS, Wijaya K. 2023. Floristic composition and structure of Eurycoma longifolia habitat in Muka Kuning Nature Tourism Park, Riau Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2836-2842. Eurycoma longifolia Jack, locally called as pasak bumi,is a popular medicinal plant which is known to have properties in curing various diseases. The root of E. longifolia is the organ that has the highest aphrodisiac content so hunting for the roots of E. longifolia destructively causes a significant population decline. Information regarding vegetation community around the habitat of this species is crucial in determining appropriate conservation actions. Muka Kuning Nature Tourism Park (TWA) located in Batam Island, Riau Islands Province is one of the natural habitats of E. longifolia, yet information regarding the state of vegetation in this area has not been obtained. This study aims to determine the floristic composition and structure of vegetation in the habitat of E. longifolia in Muka Kuning Nature Tourism Park focusing on the parameters of Important Value Index (IVI) and biodiversity indices. Vegetation analysis was applied using purposive sampling method based on the presence of E. longifolia individuals. The results showed that the IVI of E. longifolia at the growth stage of seedlings, saplings, poles and trees were 18.1%, 21.9%, 12.14% and 0%, respectively. No individual E. longifolia was found at the tree level which might be attributable to the habitus of this species which is small-sized tree or woody shrub with maximum height of 15 m. The vegetation community at the studied area had Shanon-Wienner diversity index (H') from 2.27 to 3.12 and the Evenness index from 0.88 to 0.98, which is categorized as high. The results of this study imply that the natural habitat of pasak bumi in the TWA Muka Kuning is classified as good and tighter area protection is highly recommended to protect valuable biodiversity in it including E. longifolia.
Probiotics formulated from indigenous bacteria from goat digestive tract and fed with fermented mixed feed Eichhornia crassipes and Zea mays cobs
Authors: ISNAWATI ISNAWATI , MUHAIMIN FITRIARI IZZATUNNISA , RAHAYU DWI A. , FITRIHIDAJATI HERLINA , RATNASARI EVIE
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Isnawati, Muhaimin FI, Rahayu DA, Fitrihidajati H, Ratnasari E. 2023. Probiotics formulated from indigenous bacteria from goat digestive tract and fed with fermented mixed feed Eichhornia crassipes and Zea mays cobs. Biodiversitas 24: 2906-2911. The provision of cellulolytic bacteria as probiotics in goat feed is crucial to their growth and health. Therefore, this study aimed to monitor the effects of providing cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of goats as probiotics in feed rations. Probiotic cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from the digestive tract of goat food fed with a fermented feed containing a combination of hyacinth and corn cob. In this study, the probiotic types are also different from other studies, namely Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus brevis, and Pseudomonas diminuta. Therefore, its effects on the vegetative and generative growth from various age groups and sexes of test goats are investigated. The goats tested were divided into two groups: fed with and without probiotics, with subgroups based on their sexes (male and female) and age groups (baby, juvenile, and adult). The tested goats were fed for 35 days, and their weight gain and sperm quality were observed; in general, weight gain was observed in goats fed the probiotics. Furthermore, the quality of spermatozoa in adult male goats fed with probiotics is higher than without probiotics, which includes its viability (52.2% to 36.9%), motility (48.1% and ++++ to 33.2% and ++), volume and concentration (1.05 mL/ejaculate with 3.7×109 cells/mL to 0.55 mL/ejaculated with 2.6×109 cells/mL). Based on the results, adding cellulolytic bacterial probiotics to the feed promotes the vegetative growth of goats in different age groups, in male and female goats. Also, it improves reproductive performance in adult male test goats.
Adaptive pattern of mangrove species and the mangrove landscaping in the heavy metal polluted area of Eastern Segara Anakan Lagoon, Indonesia
Authors: HILMI ENDANG , PRAYOGO NORMAN ARIE , JUNAIDI TEUKU , MAHDIANA ARIF , FIKRIYYA NABELA
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Hilmi E, Prayogo NA, Junaidi T, Mahdiana A, Fikriyya N. 2023. Adaptive pattern of mangrove species and the mangrove landscaping in the heavy metal polluted area of Eastern Segara Anakan Lagoon, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2927-2937. The mangrove species have specific adaptations to exclude, accumulate, translocate, and exert heavy metal contaminants. Mangrove species' adaptation to Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) pollution are shown by their ability to reduce the negative impact of Cd and Zn pollution. This research aimed to analyze the adaptive pattern and mangrove landscaping in Cd and Zn contaminant areas of Eastern Segara Anakan (E-SAL), Indonesia. Cd and Zn content in different tissues (stem, leaves, and root) of 15 mangrove species were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometric method. Adaptive pattern and mangrove landscaping were assessed using bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF). The results showed that the Cd accumulation varied between 0.0610-0.2300 ppm in the stem, 0.0140-0.0480 ppm in leaves, 0.1501-0.3100 ppm in roots, whereas Zn accumulation varied between 5.7781-37.3409 ppm in the stem, 2.3973-32.2859 ppm in leaves, 10.8380-35.842 ppm in roots. Relatively Cd and Zn accumulation was highest in root than other parts. BAF scores of Cd and Zn varied between 0.0111-0.1760 and 0.1936-0.9017, respectively. TF score of Cd and Zn varied between 0.0642-0.9414 and 0.3419-1.3057, respectively. Based on the adaptation pattern, the mangrove landscape showed that Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., Rhizophora mucronata Lam., and Rhizophora apiculata Blume were the best accumulator of Cd contaminants. At the same time, A. marina, R. apiculata, and X. granatum were the best accumulator of Zn contaminant. The conclusion explains that mangrove species significantly adapt to life and grow in Zn and Cd-polluted areas. Therefore, mangrove landscaping can be developed to reduce the impact of Zn and Cd pollution.
Measuring climate action readiness in maintaining ecological resilience using satellite imagery and field research in Garang Watershed, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: SUDARMANTO BAMBANG , SURANTO SURANTO , SUNTORO SUNTORO , SUTRISNO JOKO
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Sudarmanto B, Suranto S, Suntoro S, Sutrisno J. 2023. Measuring climate action readiness in maintaining ecological resilience using satellite imagery and field research in Garang Watershed, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2958-2974. The long-term viability of vegetation as a representation of land cover in a watershed is critical. However, more work is needed to develop vegetation management in the form of a climate action model that considers the existence of ecological and social values as a unified system, particularly in times of climate change. Moran's Index measurements and statistical correlation analysis were employed in this study to quantify geographical patterns. These measurements provide real-world judgment in developing aggressive climate response scenarios. Ecological values were derived from shifting vegetation trend indices due to mutual interaction between living beings that build a life cycle in harmony with the environment. Meanwhile, social values are determined by assessing individual internal factors such as attitudes, knowledge, and responses and external factors represented by local government institutions. The findings reveal that the distribution of residents and residential areas is dispersed. With a high confidence level, a linear index declines with R2 = 0.5872 for inhabitants and R2 = 0.9171 for residential areas. In the dry season, there is a significant relationship between the spatial pattern of vegetation indices and the inhabitant's index. The community's knowledge and attitudes considerably impact changes in vegetation indices, particularly during the rainy season, with R2 = 0.207 for SAVI and 0.232 for NDVI. Community readiness values, which elaborate on knowledge, attitudes, responses, and the role of external institutions, show that community readiness in the upstream area of the watershed, specifically in the Kendal District, is in the best position, with a value of 6.627976. On the contrary, the Semarang District, the upstream area, has the lowest value of 4.257092.
Biological reproduction of mackerel scad, Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833) caught by purse-seine net in Majene Waters, West Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: TENRIWARE TENRIWARE , NUR MUHAMMAD , ALAM NASYRAH ADIARA FIRDHITA
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Tenriware, Nur M, Nasyrah AFA. 2023. Biological reproduction of mackerel scad, Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833) caught by purse-seine net in Majene Waters, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3012-3018. Mackerel scad, Decapterus macarellus Cuvier, 1833 is an economically important fish resource as an income source for fishermen in Majene waters, West Sulawesi. This study aims to determine some aspects of reproductive biology, including sex ratio, gonadal somatic index (GSI), gonad maturity stage (GMS), and the size at the first maturity. The sampling was carried out at the Fish Landing Sites in the Coastal Waters of Pangali-Ali Village, East Banggae District, Majene District, West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Each specimen was measured to the total length with digital calipers and body weight using a digital weighing scale. Initial sex assessment was noticed at the time of dissection, and gonadal maturity was also assessed. A total of 275 specimens consisting of 177 males and 98 females were obtained from April to July 2017. The result indicates that the sex ratio between males and females deviated from an expected 1:1: and was not balanced. This species spawns in April at the size of 173.4 mm and 168.6-178.3 mm for males and 189.1 mm or the range of 182.6-195.8 mm for females.
Effect of acetylation treatment on the physicochemical and morphological properties of three sweet potato starches (Ipomoea batatas)
Authors: KUSUMANINGSIH TRIANA , FIRDAUS MAULIDAN , HANDAYANI DESI SUCI , JUNEASRI FYAN TRI ISTIQOMAH , ANANTA FAHREZA MUHAMMAD
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Kusumaningsih T, Firdaus M, Handayani DS, Juneasri FTI, Ananta FM. 2023. Effect of acetylation treatment on the physicochemical and morphological properties of three sweet potato starches (Ipomoea batatas). Biodiversitas 24: 3038-3044. Irrespective of their promising applications, native starches still present some limitations for food industry purposes as a result of their unsatisfactory physicochemical characteristics. Nevertheless, these shortcomings can be overcome with the proper modification efforts. In this study, three different starches of sweet potatoes (white, yellow, and purple) were isolated from Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. have been modified by employing an acetylation reaction using acetic anhydride at concentrations of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, and 7%. The change in the Degree of Substitution (DS) value along with the presence of carbonyl group peaks and a decrease in the intensity of the hydroxyl group peaks after acetylation confirmed the success of the starch modification. DS showed a maximum value at 7% acetic anhydride concentration in acetate starch of 0.0492, 0.0509, and 0.0718 for white, yellow, and purple acetate sweet potatoes, respectively. The DS value of starch acetates demonstrates results that are consistent with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations (less than 2.45%), indicating that modified starches have the potential to be used in the food industry. Surface morphology analysis using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) instrument also confirmed the success of the acetylation process, where the acetylated starch surface became rougher than the original starch surface. Several physicochemical properties, including amylose, amylopectin, swelling power, water solubility, and Water Binding Capacity (WBC), were determined and showed that starch acetate has favorable characteristics for further applications in the food industry.
Diversity and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from salam (Syzygium polyanthum)
Authors: WIDJAJANTI HARY , ELFITA ELFITA , SARI MIA TIRTA , HIDAYATI NURLISA , HARIANI POEDJI LOEKITOWATI , SETIAWAN ARUM
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Widjajanti H, Elfita, Sari MT, Hidayati N, Hariani PL, Setiawan A. 2023. Diversity and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from salam (Syzygium polyanthum). Biodiversitas 24: 3051-3062. Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) is a medicinal plant from the family Myrtaceae. The leaves are used as a spice and treat diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ulcers, diarrhea, gastritis, and skin. This study aimed to determine endophytic fungi's diversity and antioxidant activity in the S. polyanthum plant. In addition, the distribution of endophytic fungi found on S. polyanthum was compared to that of previously reported endophytic fungi on other species of Syzygium. The distribution pattern of these endophytic fungi is needed to determine the presence of potential endophytic fungi that can live in host plants of the same genus. The endophytic fungi were isolated from fresh root bark, stem bark, and leaf tissues of S. polyanthum. The endophytic fungi were identified morphologically to determine their level of diversity; their extract was then tested for their antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The extract that showed the highest antioxidant activity was identified molecularly. A total of 18 endophytic fungi were obtained from S. polyanthum, including seven isolates from root bark (HSA1–HSA7), four isolates from stem bark (HSB1–HSB4), and seven isolates from leaves (HSD1–HSD7). The morphological identification showed seven genera scattered in all investigated parts: Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Pythium, Papulaspora, Pythiogeton, and Clonostachys. The HSD5 isolate showed the best antioxidant activity, and the molecular identification confirmed this isolate as Clonostachys rosea. The comparison of the distribution of endophytic fungi isolated from S. polyanthum to endophytic fungi isolated from the host genus Syzygium showed that endophytic fungi of three genera, namely Clonostachys, Papulaspora, and Pythiogeton, are specifically found on S. polyanthum. In addition, those of four other genera, namely Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Pythium, are found on other species of Syzygium.
Coffea liberica leaf and tree architecture model of confusing accession in Poncokusumo, Malang District, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: WAFARETTA ERONA , JATMIKO YOGA DWI , SUNARHARUM WENNY BEKTI , HAKIM LUCHMAN
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Wafaretta E, Jatmiko YD, Sunarharum WB, Hakim L. 2023. Coffea liberica leaf and tree architecture model of confusing accession in Poncokusumo, Malang District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3073-3080. Some Coffea liberica W.Bull varieties appear in the same garden with the same planting pattern in the Poncokusumo. This could be due to differences in tree architecture from one accession to another. This research aims to identify the architectural and morphological characteristics of C. liberica stems and leaves and determine differences in coffee variety accession through morphological differences in C. liberica plants and leaf architecture. The research was conducted from July 2021 to August 2022 in the C. liberica plantation in Poncokusumo Sub-district, Malang District, East Java, Indonesia. The research sample consisted of four C. liberica trees from each accession and was carried out in four stages: observation, data/image recording, measurement, and data analysis. This research found: each accession has a different plant architecture model and a different branching model; three accessions appear to have different leaf morphological characters, namely margin type, apex angle, and base angle; dendrogram and PCoA results show that each accession has significant differences. Further research at the genetic level and the effect of abiotic or biotic elements on the growth and development of this coffee tree is necessary to enlighten the C. liberica variety's high potential for the growth of this coffee production in the local community.