bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A physiological model of human mobility: A global study
Authors: Kölbl Robert , Kozek Martin
Published: October 2021

The movement of people has led to several challenges in terms of traffic congestion, energy consumption, emissions and climate change. Human mobility modelling is currently described mainly through socio-economic variables, such as travel time, travel costs, income and car-ownership. The overall objective of this paper is to relate mobility behaviour based on measurable entities of travel time and distance and the entities of speed. A simple underlying mechanism of human mobility is presented based on the human energy expended. The energy is related firstly to the average values of travel modes. Explicit formulas for the distribution within each travel mode are developed and the concept is also shown to apply to multi-modal mobility. The approach is described in its most basic and fundamental form, but opens up perspectives for new applications and analyses approaches to transport modelling, planning and appraisals. The approach shows that travel time and distance are consistently inversely proportional and limited by the physiological power consumption. The basic hypothesis and the related verifications is shown on all modal combinations of daily mobility with a medianR2of around 0.8. The approach is validated using national travel surveys of Germany, Switzerland, UK and US, spanning over five decades to 2018.
Engineering antiferromagnetic topological insulator by strain in two-dimensional rare-earth pnictide EuCd2Sb2
Authors: Li Runhan , Wang Hao , Mao Ning , Ma Hongkai , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying , Niu Chengwang
Published: October 2021

Antiferromagnetic topological insulator (AFM TI) provides an important platform to explore prominent physical phenomena and innovative design of topological spintronics devices, but very few high-quality candidate materials are known especially in two dimensions with intrinsic magnetism. Here, we propose an intrinsic two-dimensional (2D) AFM insulator and present a strain-engineered topological phase transition that realizes the 2D AFM TI phase in EuCd2Sb2 with in-plane magnetization. On the basis of first-principles calculations, the bandgaps of EuCd2Sb2 quintuple layers (QLs) are identified to be tunable, and a bandgap closing and reopening process is revealed with a small critical tensile strain of 2%. With opened bandgap, the topologically nontrivial characteristics of strained EuCd2Sb2 QLs are confirmed by the direct calculation of the spin Chern number CS, ℤ2 topological invariant, and the nontrivial topological edge states. Remarkably, while the previously proposed magnetic topological states may be heavily deformed by fragile magnetism, the obtained 2D AFM TI phase is highly robust against magnetic configurations, including ferromagnetic and AFM coupling with both in-plane and out-of-plane directions. Our results, thus, not only reveal the high possibility for engineering the 2D AFM TI state but also provide a very promising platform to uncover the complex interaction between magnetism and topology.
Crystallization kinetics of monatomic antimony
Authors: Leng Wenhao , Chen Yimin , Zhang Qian , Sun Lei , Shen Xiang , Wang Rongping , Wang Guoxiang , Wang Jun-Qiang , Xu Tiefeng
Published: October 2021

Elemental antimony (Sb) has been carried out recently as a phase-change material to overcome composition segregation in a heavily cycled memory cell. Explosive crystal growth of Sb is desirable for fast operation speed in memory; however, poor thermal stability, i.e., fast spontaneous crystallization at room temperature, significantly impedes its applications. In this work, we designed a thermal stability enhanced “monatomic” Sb in a specific confined structure of [Sb(3 nm)/SiO2(5 nm)]32 and investigated its crystallization kinetics by using the ultrafast differential scanning calorimetry method. It was found that this nanoscale Sb exhibits appealing amorphous thermal stability with a crystallization activation energy of 2.68 eV and the temperature for 10-year data retention more than 361 K. Moreover, strong non-Arrhenius crystallization behavior with a high fragility index of 90 was unrevealed in Sb supercooled liquids, which has the maximum crystal growth rate of 2.17 m s−1 at 785 K. Thanks to the fast crystal growth rate and attractive thermal stability of this monatomic Sb, it could be one of the most important candidates for high-integrated on-chip memory without any composition segregation.
A particle image velocimetry measurement of flow over a highly confined circular cylinder at 60% blockage ratio
Authors: Nguyen Quang Duy , Lei Chengwang
Published: October 2021

In this study, a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurement is carried out to investigate the flow past a highly confined circular cylinder at a fixed blockage ratio of 60%. The Reynolds number (Re) in terms of the cylinder diameter and the mean incoming flow velocity is varied from 318 to 1431. It is observed that the characteristic frequency of the separated shear layers is amplified through a so-called frequency-filtering process. The instability of the separated shear layers causes two different vortex shedding modes including alternating and symmetric shedding modes, which are observed at Re = 927–1242. An intermittent switch between the two shedding modes is also observed. The theory of mixing layers is applied with modification to predict the characteristics of the separated shear layers, and the prediction shows a good agreement with the experimental data. It is found that the vortex roll-up and merging locations can be estimated by calculating the energy contents of individual frequency modes.
High resolution measurement of near-field radiative heat transfer enabled by nanomechanical resonators
Authors: Giroux Mathieu , Zhang Chang , Snell Nikaya , Mu Gengyang , Stephan Michel , St-Gelais Raphael
Published: October 2021

Near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) research currently suffers from an imbalance between numerous theoretical studies, as opposed to experimental reports that remain, in proportion, relatively scarce. Existing experimental platforms all rely on unique custom-built devices on which it is difficult to integrate new materials and structures for studying the breadth of theoretically proposed phenomena. Here, we show high-resolution NFRHT measurements using, as our sensing element, silicon nitride freestanding nanomembranes—a widely available platform routinely used in materials and cavity optomechanics research. We measure NFRHT by tracking the high mechanical quality (Q) factor (>2×106) resonance of a membrane placed in the near-field of a hemispherical hot object. We find that a high Q-factor enables a temperature resolution (1.2×10−6 K) that is unparalleled in previous NFRHT experiments. Results are in good agreement with a custom-built model combining heat transport in nanomembranes and the effect of non-uniform stress/temperature on the resonator eigenmodes.
Euler's pioneering general theory of rotating hydraulic machines
Authors: Bistafa Sylvio R.
Published: October 2021

In a memoir titled Théorie plus complette des machines qui sont mises en mouvement par la réaction de l'eau (“A more complete theory of machines which are put in motion by the reaction of water”) [L. Euler, Mémoires de l'académie des sciences de Berlin, 10, 227–295 (1756)], Euler (1707–1783) consolidates what is considered to be the first general theory of rotating hydraulic machines and proposes a first model of a hydraulic turbine. In a time span of about nine years, Euler had addressed the core of the theory in four publications, which cover basic topics such as to find the moment applied to the rotor of the machine—from which the shaft torque could be found—to find the pressure acting on the internal channels of the machine, and to find the power that the machine is capable to deliver. Here, Euler correctly finds that the power depends only on the discharge and on the water head. From the pressure equation, Euler also anticipated the phenomenon of cavitation—later known to be a major hindrance to the performance of hydraulic machines. At Euler's time, the conservation equations of Fluid Mechanics had not been proposed yet, and, therefore, he could not count on the form of the equation that would be readily applicable to the modeling, that is, the integral form of the moment of momentum equation in relation to an axis. As we shall see, this makes his developments quite lengthy and intricate. The present work is based on primary sources and has the goal of examining the developments of the 1756 memoir, to show Euler's intuition and skills in the development of the theory which was applied to an archaic form of a hydraulic turbine (the Segner–Euler turbine), showing the pervasiveness of the theory which still undergirds the modeling of pumps and turbines today.
Predictors of mortality in older patients with isolated severe head injury: a data linkage study from New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Bath Sally , Dinh Michael M. , Casley Stacey , Sarrami Pooria
Published: October 2021

Objective This study aimed to identify factors associated with 90-day mortality in older patients with a severe head injury. Methods A data linkage study was performed with the New South Wales Trauma Registry, Admitted Patient Data Collection and Registry of Births Deaths and Marriages to identify patients aged ≥75 years with isolated severe head injury presenting to trauma hospitals between 2012 and 2016. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 90 days. Results In all, 2045 patients were included in the analysis. The mean (±s.d.) age was 84.5 ± 5.6 years. Falls accounted for 93.7% of this cohort. In-hospital mortality was 28.2% and 90-day mortality was 60.7%. Clinical variables associated with increased 90-day mortality were a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score <9 on arrival (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.43; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.98; P = 0.03) and systolic blood pressure ≥180 mmHg on arrival (aOR 1.39; 95%CI 1.05–1.83; P = 0.02). The most important predictor of 90-day mortality was the presence of severe intracranial injury based on computed tomography (CT) imaging. Increasing age and comorbidities were not associated with increased mortality in this cohort. Conclusions A GCS score <9, severe intracranial injury on CT imaging and severe hypertension on arrival to the emergency department were the variables most strongly predictive of mortality at 90 days after isolated severe head injury in older patients. What is known about the topic? Older adults with severe injury generally have higher mortality, worse functional outcomes and a greater need for prolonged rehabilitation than younger people. What does this paper add? Reduced GCS score, severe hypertension on arrival and severe intracranial injury on CT were predictive of mortality after isolated severe head injury in patients aged ≥75 years. There was no association between increasing age or comorbidities and mortality in this cohort. What are the implications for practitioners? CT scan results and initial observations should play a role in discussions around prognosis and appropriateness of care in older patients with isolated severe head injury.
MDM2, MDMX, and p73 regulate cell-cycle progression in the absence of wild-type p53
Authors: Klein Alyssa M. , Biderman Lynn , Tong David , Alaghebandan Bita , Plumber Sakina A. , Mueller Helen S. , van Vlimmeren Anne , Katz Chen , Prives Carol
Published: October 2021

Significance

The Murine Double Minute 2–Murine Double Minute X (MDM2–MDMX) heterodimer is well known as one of the major negative regulators of the tumor suppressor p53, but the p53-independent functions of MDM2 and MDMX are not as well studied. Our work demonstrates that MDM2 and MDMX, both independently and as a heterocomplex, are required for cell-cycle progression in cancer cells either expressing certain mutant forms of p53 or lacking p53 expression entirely. MDM2 and MDMX further regulate the expression of p73 and certain E2F family activators, both of which are linked to cell division. The p53-independent activity of MDM2 and MDMX may be a potential therapeutic target in cancers lacking wild-type p53.
Accurate model of liquid–liquid phase behavior of intrinsically disordered proteins from optimization of single-chain properties
Authors: Tesei Giulio , Schulze Thea K. , Crehuet Ramon , Lindorff-Larsen Kresten
Published: October 2021

Significance

Cells may compartmentalize proteins via a demixing process known as liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), which is often driven by intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and regions. Protein condensates arising from LLPS may develop into insoluble protein aggregates, as in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Understanding the process of formation, dissolution, and aging of protein condensates requires models that accurately capture the underpinning interactions at the residue level. In this work, we leverage data from biophysical experiments on IDPs in dilute solution to develop a sequence-dependent model which predicts conformational and phase behavior of diverse and unrelated protein sequences with good accuracy. Using the model, we gain insight into the coupling between chain compaction and LLPS propensity.
Flexible complementary circuits operating at sub-0.5 V via hybrid organic–inorganic electrolyte-gated transistors
Authors: Yao Yao , Huang Wei , Chen Jianhua , Wang Gang , Chen Hongming , Zhuang Xinming , Ying Yibin , Ping Jianfeng , Marks Tobin J. , Facchetti Antonio
Published: October 2021

Significance

Electrolyte-gated transistor (EGT)–based inverter circuits are the basic building blocks of next-generation flexible electronic devices. However, constructing high-performance complementary inverters is challenging due to the unbalanced electrical performances of available p- and n-type EGT semiconducting materials. Here we report high-performance EGT complementary inverters achieved by combining p-type organic electrochemical transistors based on an ion-permeable semiconducting organic polymer and n-type electric double-layer transistors based on an ion-impermeable metal oxide semiconductor. The resulting closely balanced complementary inverters achieve ultrahigh voltage gain (>110) under a low supply voltage of only 0.7 V and have been successfully used to achieve flexible logic circuits and sensitive electrophysiological signal amplification suitable for ophthalmologic diagnostics and measuring eye movement.
Compliments and compliment responses in Egyptian and Saudi Arabic
Authors: El-Dakhs Dina Abdel Salam
Published: October 2021

The current study reports on a variational pragmatic comparison of compliments and compliment responses between
Egyptian and Saudi Arabic. Data were collected by using Discourse Completion Tasks from 443 Egyptian and 428 Saudi undergraduates,
and were analyzed using adaptations of Yuan’s (2002) and Herbert’s (1986) models. The results reveal significant differences in politeness management between
Egyptian and Saudi youth, particularly with Egyptians producing more explicit compliment strategies and Saudis showing stronger
preference for implicit compliment strategies and combination patterns. Less difference is noted in compliment responses with only
Egyptians exhibiting higher use of additional strategies. The findings are interpreted in light of politeness theory and the
interplay between cultural values and linguistic behavior.
Blood-thirsty: S1PR5 and TRM
Authors: Hallisey Victoria M. , Schwab Susan R.
Published: October 2021

In this elegant study, Evrard et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20210116) find that sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1PR5) powerfully impairs tissue-resident memory T cell (TRM) formation, and that tissue-derived TGF-β limits S1pr5 expression by infiltrating T cells.
High-throughput acoustofluidic microchannels for single cell rotation
Authors: Zhu Junwen , Zhang Qiqian , Liang Fei , Feng Yongxiang , Wang Wenhui
Published: October 2021

There is a growing desire for cell rotation in the field of biophysics, bioengineering and biomedicine. We herein present novel microfluidic channels for simultaneous high-throughput cell self-rotation using local circular streaming generated by ultrasonic wave excited bubble arrays. The bubble traps achieve high homogeneity of liquid–gas interface by setting capillary valves at the entrances of dead-end bubble trappers orthogonal to the main microchannel. In such a highly uniform bubble array, rotation at different fields of bubble-relevant vortices is considered equal and interconvertible. The device is compatible with cells of various size and retains manageable rotation velocity when actuated by signals of varying frequency and voltage. Experimental observations were confirmed consistent with theoretical estimation and numerical simulation. Comparing with conventional approaches (e.g. mechanical contact based, dielectrophoresis, optical tweezers) of cell rotation, our device has multiple merits such as high throughput, low cost and simple fabrication procedure, and high compatibility for lab-on-chip integration. Therefore, the platform holds a promise in cell observation, medicine development and biological detection.
Fringe fields are important when examining molecular orientation in a cold ammonia beam
Authors: Bertier Paul , Heazlewood Brianna R
Published: October 2021

External fields have been widely adopted to control and manipulate the properties of gas-phase molecular species. In particular, electric fields have been shown to focus, filter and decelerate beams of polar molecules. While there are several well-established approaches for controlling the velocity and quantum-state distribution of reactant molecules, very few of these methods have examined the orientation of molecules in the resulting beam. Here we show that a buffer gas cell and three-bend electrostatic guide (coupled to a time-of-flight set-up) can be configured such that 70% of ammonia molecules in the cold molecular beam are oriented to an external electric field at the point of detection. With a minor alteration to the set-up, an approximately statistical distribution of molecular orientation is seen. These observations are explained by simulations of the electric field in the vicinity of the mesh separating the quadrupole guide and the repeller plate. The combined experimental apparatus therefore offers control over three key properties of a molecular beam: the rotational state distribution, the beam velocity, and the molecular orientation. Exerting this level of control over the properties of a molecular beam opens up exciting prospects for our ability to understand what role each parameter plays in reaction studies.
Anomalous dependence of ionization probability and electron angular distributions on orientation of molecular axis in photoionization of

H2+

: effect of two-center interference
Authors: Krapivin Dmitry A , Telnov Dmitry A
Published: October 2021

A theoretical and computational study of photoionization of the one-electron molecular ion

H

2

+

initially in the 1σ

u
state is performed. The laser pulse is linearly polarized with the carrier wavelength in the extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray regions. The electron wave function is obtained by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation with the help of the generalized pseudospectral method. The dependence of the total ionization probability and photoelectron spectra on the orientation of the molecular axis is analyzed. Within the wavelength interval 6 to 23 nm, anomalous behavior of the ionization probability is found, where it increases with the angle between the polarization vector of the external field and the molecular axis and reaches a maximum at the perpendicular orientation of the molecule. The phenomenon is explained as resulting from the two-center interference in the wave function of the emitted electron.
Defect concentration and Δn change in light- and elevated temperature-induced degradation
Authors: Kim Moonyong , Wright Matthew , Chen Daniel , Chan Catherine , Ciesla Alison , Abbott Malcolm , Hallam Brett
Published: October 2021

The wide variety of silicon materials used by various groups to investigate LeTID make it difficult to directly compare the defect concentrations (N
t) using the typical normalised defect density (NDD) metric. Here, we propose a new formulation for a relative defect concentration (β) as a correction for NDD that allows flexibility to perform lifetime analysis at arbitrary injection levels (Δn), away from the required ratio between Δn and the background doping density (N
dop) for NDD of Δn/N
dop = 0.1. As such, β allows for a meaningful comparison of the maximum degradation extent between different samples in different studies and also gives a more accurate representative value to estimate the defect concentration. It also allows an extraction at the cross-over point in the undesirable presence of iron or flexibility to reduce the impact of modulation in surface passivation. Although the accurate determination of β at a given Δn requires knowledge of the capture cross-section ratio (k), the injection-independent property of the β formulation allows a self-consistent determination of k. Experimental verification is also demonstrated for boron-oxygen related defects and LeTID defects, yielding k-values of 10.6 ± 3.2 and 30.7 ± 4.0, respectively, which are within the ranges reported in the literature. With this, when extracting the defect density at different Δn ranging between 1014 cm−3 to 1015 cm−3 with N
dop = 9.1 × 1015 cm−3, the error is less than 12% using β, allowing for a greatly improved understanding of the defect concentration in a material.
Resonant precession of magnetization and precession—induced DC voltages in FeGaB thin films
Authors: Bajracharya Prabesh , Sharma Vinay , Johnson Anthony , Budhani Ramesh C
Published: October 2021

Measurements of frequency dependent ferromagnetic resonance and spin pumping driven dc voltage (V
dc) are reported for amorphous films of Fe78Ga13B9 alloy to address the phenomenon of self-induced inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) in plain films of metallic ferromagnets (FMs). The V
dc signal, which is anti-symmetric on field reversal, comprises of symmetric and asymmetric Lorentzians centered around the resonance field. Dominant role of thin film size effects is seen in setting the magnitude of static magnetization, V
dc and dynamics of magnetization precession in thinner films (⩽8 nm). The film thickness dependence of magnetization parameters indicates the presence of a magnetically disordered region at the film—substrate interface, which may promote preferential flow of spins generated by the precessing magnetization towards the substrate. However, the V
dc signal also draws contributions from rectification effects of a ≈0.4% anisotropic magnetoresistance and a large (≈54 nΩ m) anomalous Hall resistivity (AHR) of these films which ride over the effect of spin–orbit coupling driven spin-to-charge conversion near the film—substrate interface. We have addressed these data in the framework of the existing theories of electrodynamics of a ferromagnetic film subjected to radio-frequency field in a coplanar waveguide geometry. Our estimation of the self-induced ISHE for the sample with 54 nΩ m AHR shows that it may contribute significantly (≈90%) to the measured symmetric voltage. This study is expected to be very useful for fully understanding the spin pumping induced dc voltages in metallic FMs with disordered interfaces and large anomalous Hall effect.
Investigation on collision-coalescence of droplets under the synergistic effect of charge and sound waves: orthogonal design optimization
Authors: He Fuyou , Li Jiawei , Li Chuan , Wang Pengyu , Wang Zutao , Zhang Ming , Yu Kexun , Pan Yuan
Published: October 2021

As an efficient approach to improve visibility, defogging technology is essential for the operation of ports and airports. This paper proposes a new and hybrid defogging technology, i.e. an electric–acoustic defogging method. Specifically, the droplets are charged by corona discharge, which is beneficial to overcome the hydrodynamic interaction force to improve the droplet collision efficiency. Meanwhile, sound waves (especially acoustic turbulence) promote the relative movement of droplets to increase the collision probability. In this study, the effects of acoustic frequency (f), sound pressure level (SPL), and voltage (V) on the droplet growth ratio were studied by orthogonal design analysis. The results of difference analysis and multi-factor variance analysis show that frequency and SPL are the dominant factors that affect the collision of droplets, and the effect of voltage is relatively weak. And f= 400 Hz, SPL = 132 dB, and V = −7.2 kV are the optimal parameters in our experiment. In addition, we further studied the impact of single factor on droplet growth ratio. The results show that there exists an experimental optimal frequency of 400 Hz. The droplet growth ratio increases with SPL and voltage level. The new technology proposed in this paper can provide a new approach for defogging in open space.
Current status of eye-lens dosimetry in Canada
Authors: Dubeau Jacques , Sun Jiansheng , Djeffal Salah , Leroux Neil , Golovko Victor , Dodkin Christina , Mistry Rajesh
Published: October 2021

For occupational exposures in planned exposure situations International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) publication 118 recommends an equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye of 20 mSv yr−1 averaged over five years with no single year exceeding 50 mSv. This constitutes a reduction from the previous limit of 150 mSv yr−1. The Canadian nuclear regulator, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, responded to the ICRP recommendation by initiating amendments to the Radiation Protection Regulations through a discussion paper which was published for comment by interested stakeholders in 2013. The revised equivalent dose limit of 50 mSv in a one-year dosimetry period for nuclear energy workers came into effect in January 2021. This paper presents the outcome of discussions with Canadian stakeholders in diverse fields of radiological work which focused on the implementation of the reduced occupational equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye in their respective workplaces. These exchanges highlighted the existing practices for monitoring doses to the lens of the eye and identified current technological gaps. The exchanges also identified that, in many cases, the lens of the eye dose is anticipated to be well within the new dose limit despite some of the gaps in technology. The paper also presents the monitoring and eye-lens dose assessment solutions that are available based on different methods for eye-lens monitoring; presented together with criteria for their use.
Optical pulse modulators based on layered vanadium diselenide nanosheets
Authors: Li Linrui , Li Xiaohui , Zhao Yang , Feng Jiangjiang , Zhang Chenxi , Shi Yuan , Ge Yanqi , Zhang Yani
Published: October 2021

The transition metal disulfides of VB group elements have gradually come into people’s field of vision owing to their two-dimensional structure and unique optical properties. Vanadium diselenide (VSe2) as a kind of transition metal diselenides, is competent for the applications of nonlinear saturable absorption. The dispersion of few-layer VSe2 is prepared by liquid phase exfoliation method. Clearly, it has an obvious layered structure, and the interlayer spacing is 0.31 nm. The VSe2 nanosheets are inserted into the Erbium-doped fiber laser through tapered deposition method and the measured modulation depth is 1.46%. A 1530.5 nm centered 851-fs pulse is observed with the 3.2 nm 3-dB spectral width. The experimental results show that the pulse is persistent under the power of 334 mW, with signal-to-noise ratio of 41 dB. And an up to 552.4 MHz modulation phenomenon is observed around 1560 nm, so is its frequency tunability. This is the first time that VSe2 is used to realize high frequency modulation in fiber laser. It is proved that VSe2 is expected to be a budding material of ultrafast optical modulation devices and widely used in the field of ultrafast photonics.
Proton irradiation effects on mechanochemically synthesized and flash-evaporated hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites
Authors: Shin Jiwon , Baek Kyeong-Yoon , Lee Jonghoon , Lee Woocheol , Kim Jaeyoung , Jang Juntae , Park Jaehyoung , Kang Keehoon , Cho Kyungjune , Lee Takhee
Published: October 2021

A hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskite is a promising material for developing efficient solar cell devices, with potential applications in space science. In this study, we synthesized methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskites via two methods: mechanochemical synthesis and flash evaporation. We irradiated these perovskites with highly energetic 10 MeV proton-beam doses of 1011, 1012, 1013, and 4 × 1013 protons cm−2 and examined the proton irradiation effects on the physical properties of MAPbI3 perovskites. The physical properties of the mechanochemically synthesized MAPbI3 perovskites were not considerably affected after proton irradiation. However, the flash-evaporated MAPbI3 perovskites showed a new peak in x-ray diffraction and an increased fluorescence lifetime in time-resolved photoluminescence under high-dose conditions, indicating considerable changes in their physical properties. This difference in behavior between MAPbI3 perovskites synthesized via the abovementioned two methods may be attributed to differences in radiation hardness associated with the bonding strength of the constituents, particularly Pb–I bonds. Our study will help to understand the radiation effect of proton beams on organometallic halide perovskite materials.
Two-stage ECG signal denoising based on deep convolutional network
Authors: Qiu Lishen , Cai Wenqiang , Zhang Miao , Zhu Wenliang , Wang Lirong
Published: October 2021

Background. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is an effective and non-invasive indicator for the detection and prevention of arrhythmia. ECG signals are susceptible to noise contamination, which can lead to errors in ECG interpretation. Therefore, ECG pretreatment is important for accurate analysis. Methods. The ECG data used are from CPSC2018, and the noise signal is from MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test Database. In the experiment, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the root mean square error (RMSE), and the correlation coefficient P are used to evaluate the performance of the network. The method proposed is divided into two stages. In the first stage, a U
de
-net model is designed for ECG signal denoising to eliminate noise. The DR-net model in the second stage is used to reconstruct the ECG signal and to correct the waveform distortion caused by noise removal in the first stage. In this paper, the U
de
-net and the DR-net are constructed by the convolution method to achieve end-to-end mapping from noisy ECG signals to clean ECG signals. Result. In SNR, RMSE and P indicators, U
de
-net + DR-net proposed in this paper can achieve the best performance compared with the other five schemes (FCN, U-net etc). In the three data sets, SNR can be increased by 11.61 dB, 13.71 dB and 14.40 dB and RMSE can be reduced by 10.46 × 10−2, 21.55 × 10−2 and 15.98 × 10−2. Conclusions. Despite the contradictory results, the proposed two-stages method can achieve both the elimination of noise and the preservation of effective details to a large extent of the signals. The proposed method has good application prospects in clinical practice.
Processing of polymetallic concentrate from waste recycling plants by distillation in vacuum
Authors: Trebukhov S A , Volodin V N , Ulanova O V , Burabaeva N M , Tuleutay F Kh
Published: October 2021

The sequence of operations for the processing of secondary raw materials has been proposed based on the analysis of the physicochemical properties of the main metals: copper, zinc, lead and tin contained in the metal concentrate from waste processing, including the developing complete state diagrams of binary systems of copper with lead and zinc, including the melt-vapor phase transition in vacuum. The proposed technology includes preliminary smelting of the concentrate into roughing brass for composition averaging and subsequent distillative extraction of lead and zinc each into roughing metals at a temperature of more than 1000°C with a decrease in pressure from atmospheric to 30 Pa. Copper-base still bottoms can be processed in copper production. Technological studies have confirmed the fundamental possibility of such technological scheme.
Study of the membrane capacitive sensor Baratron from the composition of the state primary special standard GET 49-2016 to the state primary special standard of the pressure unit for the pressure difference GET 95-2020
Authors: Vitkovskii O S , Chernyshenko A A
Published: October 2021

This article is dedicated to the investigation of the membrane capacitive sensor Baratron on the state primary special standards GET 95-2020 and GET 49-2016. The article describes the stages and some results of the work.
Salt-induced growth promotion in rice varieties during nursery
Authors: Kurniasih B , Arini N , Alvioliana D , Nisa R I , Wulandari R A
Published: October 2021

Climate change will increase the occurrence of salinity in agricultural land along with the coastal areas. One of the technologies to reduce salinity is NaCl pretreatment. This study aimed to evaluate salinity treatment's effect during nurseries on the growth of lowland rice seedlings. There were three separate experiments, and all the experiments used Randomized Complete Block Design. In the first experiment, local black rice seeds (var. Jelitheng) was used. The nursery was carried out at three salinity levels, i.e. 0.2, 3 and 5 dS/m. The second experiment was conducted using salt-resistant rice seeds (var. Dendang) and salt susceptible rice seeds (var. IR 64). The salinity levels applied were non-saline (0.2 dS/m) and saline (5 dS/m). The third experiment used rice seedling var. IR 64, with the first factor being the salinity level (0.2 and 5 dS/m) and the second factor was a wet nursery and dry nursery. In general, the results from the three experiments showed that giving salinity levels of 3-5 dS/m in several rice varieties improved seedling performance. Although salinity during nursery could increase the concentration of Na+ and decrease the concentration of K+ in leaves, salinity during nursery increased the seedlings fresh weight, and dry weight increased the number of seedlings leaves and increased the concentration of leaf chlorophyll. The better seedlings growth variable in the saline nursery will help the plants cope with salinity in the later growth stage in the field.
Application of Drip Irrigation on Various Planting Media and Cow Urine in the Main Media of Preliminary Oil Palm Nursery
Authors: Wahyudin C I , Mahulette A S , Tanasale V L , Marasabessy D A , Goo N , Mariati W D , Asmi Y , Rifqah R A , Michala
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of drip irrigation and biological organic fertilizer treatment on oil palm growth. This study used a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. This research consisted of three experiments, namely drip irrigation, planting media composition, and cow urine dose on the growth of oil palm seedlings. There are three levels of drip irrigation, namely 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes. Experiments on the type of planting media composition consisted of two types, namely M1 (ultisol soil + husk charcoal + fern fertilizer) and M2 (ultisol soil + empty bunches + goat manure). The cow urine experiment consisted of three levels, namely 100 ml, 150 ml, 300 ml. The results showed that giving water for 30 minutes gave the best results on stem circumference, plant height increase, plant dry weight increase, plant wet weight increase in oil palm seedlings. M1 media (ultisol soil + husk charcoal + fern fertilizer) had a significant effect on the increase in plant height, wet weight and dry weight of oil palm seedlings. Treatment of 150 ml cow urine liquid fertilizer is sufficient for the needs of oil palm seedlings with a response that is not different from 200 ml of cow urine.
Optimization of gamma ray irradiation dose on strawberry plantlets
Authors: Saptadi D , Arisah H , Agisimanto D
Published: October 2021

As a commodity that is cultivated vegetatively, strawberries have a relatively low genetic diversity. One effort to increase the diversity of strawberries and genetic quality improvement can be made by using gamma-ray radiation. In vitro explant of strawberry cv Early Bright were radiated with Gamma-ray P3TIR BATAN facility. Starting with a radiosensitivity test to find out Lethal Dose (LD) 50 with dosage level; 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 Gy. LD50 observations were carried out to get the optimal dose. The treatment of several doses of gamma-ray radiation showed varied results, with the percentage of explants living decrease by increasing the dose of irradiation. Irradiation dose until 10 Gy did not affect the survival rate of explant—the treatment dose of 80 Gy and above causes 100% mortality on the final observation. The dose of 60 Gy had a significant effect on shoot growth, as indicated by curly leaves' growth. The next optimal dose recommended for radiation is set at 20 and 30 Gy to anticipate genetic changes that are not morphologically expressed and to avoid the negative effects of morphological changes.
The diversity of bird species based on the altitude of the protected forest area in Sirimau Mountain in Soya Village - Ambon City
Authors: Pattinasarany C K , Latupapua L , Sanduan A , Th Latupapua Y , Tetelay F F , Soselisa F
Published: October 2021

This study is aimed to discover the diversity of bird species based on the altitude of the area and to discover the impact of vegetation as habitat towards the diversity of bird species in protected forest area in Sirimau Mountain in Soya Village located in Ambon City. The method used to discover the diversity of birds was the IPA-method (Indices Ponctuels d’Abondance) while observing the vegetation used the CSS-method (Continous Strip Sampling) alongside the observation paths. The protected forest consists of three area of different altitudes, namely 300 meters above sea level (masl), 400 masl and 500 masl. The bird species found in the protected forest area in Sirimau Mountain in Soya Village as a whole were 16 species. The forest area at 300 masl was found 14 bird species with diversity index (H’) of 2.57, the forest area at 400 masl was found 12 bird species with diversity index (H’) of 2.42, while the forest area at 500 masl was found 11 bird species with diversity index (H’) of 2.10. There were 8 bird species found in every area of three different altitudes that were dominant such as Perling Ungu (Aplonis motalica), Walet Sapi (Collocalia esculenta), Perkicit Pelangi (Trichoglossus haematodus), Pergam Laut (Ducula bicolor), Sesap Madu Sriganti (Nectarinia jugularis), Srigunting Lencana (Dicrucus bracteatus), Nuri Pipi Merah (Geoffreyus geoffreyi) and Tekukur Biasa (Streptopelia hinensis). Meanwhile, the dominant types of vegetation found in the area were Damar (Agathis sp.), Kayu Merah (Eugenia jambolana) and Meranti (Shorea sp.)
Indigenous maize seed storage using buffalo dung ash practiced by smallholder farmers in Kisar Island
Authors: Jesajas H , Kembauw E , Matatula M J , Tagueha A D , Liur I J
Published: October 2021

Kisar island is a small island located on the tip of Timor island. Corn is the main agricultural crop, and livestock husbandry also plays an important role in the livelihood of the farmers as a source of income, provide mainly manure for maintaining soil fertility. and in the local culture as a 'bride price' and for the exchange of goods. Considering periodical seasonal hazards, during eight months dry season people suffer from a serious shortage of water. Failure of the harvest is not an unusual phenomenon on the small, dry, eroded coral island. Seasonal pest invasion on maize cultivation threaten their seed security and food security. The objective of this review is to describe the validity of farmers’ indigenous knowledge (IK) of using buffalo dung as a preservative agent in maize storage and its relevancy in the contemporary living of farmers in the island. A phenomenological study was held in June to August 2018. The results showed that applying buffalo dung ash makes the maize dry faster, cleans and kills maize weevil and preserves the grain, It was concluded that the knowledge and practice is scientifically valid and benefited community in the past but has less relevancy to the contemporary living of the farmers in the island.
Sustainable development strategy for agroforestry
Authors: Ruhimat I S , Widiyanto A
Published: October 2021

This research aims to determine the status of sustainability, key factors that influence, and the strategy of developing sustainable agroforestry farming. The study was conducted from January to December 2016 in the Sodonghilir subdistrict, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province. Data is analyzed using sustainability analysis, prospective analysis, and hierarchy process analysis. The results showed that some of the ecological, economic, and social problems would reduce agroforestry farming's sustainability. The sustainability of agroforestry farming in the Sodonghilir sub-district is less sustainable, both in general and in each sustainability dimension (ecological, social, and economic). Two conclusions were obtained from the study. First, six key factors determine sustainable agroforestry development's success. There is farmers' knowledge in soil and water conservation, farmer group performance, availability of agroforestry technology packages, farmers' knowledge in farming activities, level of pest and plant diseases attacks, farming capital sources vital. Second, increasing farmer capacity and strengthening farmer group institutions are priority strategies that the government implement, private, and community in conducting sustainable agroforestry farming development programs in the Sodonghilir subdistrict.
Livelihood strategy of coastal households during covid-19 pandemic: case study in Wermaktian District, Tanimbar Islands Regency
Authors: Sopamena J F , Kakisina L O , Pattiselanno A E
Published: October 2021

This research aims to analyze coastal households' livelihood strategy in coping with the covid-19 pandemic, especially for the households who live by coastal forest in Wermaktian District, Tanimbar Islands Regency. Research is conducted at two villages, namely Marantutul Village and Batuputih Village. These villages are selected because the households in that village undergo both farming and fishery activities. The sample is determined purposively, involving 60 households with 30 households taken from each village. The research shows that households who live by coastal forest have used several strategies for fulfilling household necessities during the covid-19 pandemic. Those strategies are classified into three categories, respectively on-farm (intensifying farming works), non-farm (working at lumber industry), and off-farm (as a trader). Working in the lumber industry has the biggest contribution to household income, which is 53 percents. The remaining percentage is contributed by copra commodity, crops, fishery, and household services.
Digital extension and the development of agricultural performance in Indonesia
Authors: Nasir M A , Ismiasih  , Jamhari
Published: October 2021

The agricultural sector plays an essential role in providing foodstuffs for the population of every country. However, the lack of innovation in agricultural technology and the limited distribution channels for crop yields have caused farmers' welfare levels to be relatively low in various regions. Meanwhile, Smart Agriculture and 4.0 Technologies play a considerable role in increasing the agricultural sector's efficiency. Digitalization has had a significant influence on transforming traditional agricultural systems into data management-based approaches. The Desa Apps is an open access agricultural extension platform developed in Indonesia that facilitates farmers to interact with other farmers to share ideas, innovations, and solutions to face various farm and off-farm obstacles. This paper aims to describe the development platform and identify opportunities related to developing the Desa Apps platform. The results showed that Java and Sumatra islands have good potential for developing the Desa Apps platform. Besides, the registered members with the most significant reporting level are farmers, extension agents, and traders.
Food security among pandemic covid 19
Authors: Sahusilawane J F , Sahusilawane A M
Published: October 2021

Covid 19 which occured around the world has brought great sacrifice to humanlife, including changes in the natural order of the human life style. While, new normal or new life has been harderd following application doesn’t mean this deadly virus is able to blocked at terminated. It’s impact even goes every where bringing is one risk to another one of them was about food. People getting worried about having enough to eat. It is possible to continue in the habbit it consuming imported foodstuff does the diet still important from the island continue mainly for people in small islands such the Moluccas that have grown accustomard to eat. The decision can give the answer that 1) local food become very urgent for to survive life in pandemic 2) Woman as food supplier for the families still keep a lot of local wisdom of local food as for production as for keeping food during pandemic
Factors affecting the capacity of farming rice farmers in managing rice field in the District Tangerang
Authors: Saleh Khaerul , Suherman
Published: October 2021

Farmers' capacity to manage rice paddy farming is closely related to individuals' behaviour in managing the farm. Farmer capacity building program has been widely and often conducted relevant government innovation lowland rice farm and delivered to farmers. Still, the farmers cannot give a proper response to lowland rice farm management innovation, especially in terms of strengthening farmers' capacity. This study aims to: (1) determine the level of farmer capacity in managing rice paddy farmers and (2) to analyze the factors related to the capacity level of rice paddy farmers. The research was conducted in the northern part of Tangerang Regency (Pantura), the centre for rice production in the Tangerang Regency. The research was conducted from July to November 2020. Data was collected through FGD interviews and observations of 150 farmers. The data analysis used descriptive test and multiple regression. The results showed that the farmer capacity in managing lowland rice farming in Tangerang district was classified as moderate, both in resource utilization, problem identification, farming planning, and adaptability. The main factor determining the level of farmer capacity in managing rice paddy farmers is formal education and nonformal education.
Impact of salicylic acid and biosilica application on plant growth of shallot under water deficit
Authors: Indarwati L D , Sulistyaningsih E , Kurniasih B
Published: October 2021

Shallot is a horticulture crop with a fibrous root system, which is susceptible to water deficit, particularly in the bulb formation stage. This study was carried out to examine the effects of salicylic acid (SA) and biosilica (Si) exogenous induction on plant growth of shallot grown under water deficit in plastic baskets. A factorial 4×2 experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four blocks. The first factor of treatments was a four-level exogenous induction, i.e., 0.5mM SA, 6mM Si, combination (0.5mM SA and 6mM Si), and control (0 without SA and Si). The second factor was a level of interval irrigations i.e, one-day interval and three-day interval. The results showed that the treatment of combination 0.5mM SA and 6mM Si can maintained a plant height and the number of leaves was better than the control under water deficit. Avoidance was one of the mechanisms of shallot in dealing with water deficit, namely by reducing the stomatal density. Decreased stomatal density was negatively correlated with water use efficiency.