bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spasmodic Abdominal Pain and Other Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 2
Authors: Janzarik Wibke G. , Krägeloh-Mann Ingeborg , Langer Thorsten , van Buiren Miriam , Schaefer Hans E. , Gerner Patrick
Published: July 2021

Introduction Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2 (PCH2) is a rare neurodevelopmental disease with a high disease burden. Besides neurological symptoms, somatic symptoms, such as gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) and failure to thrive, are major contributors to this burden.

Methods We report three patients with genetically confirmed PCH2A and significant gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.

Results Apart from impaired swallowing and GERD, which are frequently reported in patients with PCH2, all three patients suffered from episodes of spasmodic abdominal pain and restlessness. In one severely affected patient, lack of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is demonstrated.

Conclusion GI symptoms are common in PCH2. We draw attention to episodes of spasmodic abdominal pain seriously, aggravating the condition of the patients, especially their movement disorder, and discuss the role of IAP.
IL1RAPL1 Gene Deletion in a Female Patient with Developmental Delay and Continuous Spike-Wave during Sleep
Authors: Jiang Evan , Fitzgerald Mark P. , Helbig Katherine L. , Goldberg Ethan M.
Published: July 2021

Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1 (IL1RAPL1) encodes a protein that is highly expressed in neurons and has been shown to regulate neurite outgrowth as well as synapse formation and synaptic transmission. Clinically, mutations in or deletions of IL1RAPL1 have been associated with a spectrum of neurological dysfunction including autism spectrum disorder and nonsyndromic X-linked developmental delay/intellectual disability of varying severity. Nearly all reported cases are in males; in the few reported cases involving females, the clinical presentation was mild or the deletion was identified in phenotypically normal carriers in accordance with X-linked inheritance. Using genome-wide microarray analysis, we identified a novel de novo 373 kb interstitial deletion of the X chromosome (Xp21.1-p21.2) that includes exons 4 to 6 of the IL1RAPL1 gene in an 8-year-old girl with severe intellectual disability and behavioral disorder with a history of developmental regression. Overnight continuous video electroencephalography revealed electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES). This case expands the clinical genetic spectrum of IL1RAPL1-related neurodevelopmental disorders and highlights a new genetic association of ESES.
Evaluation of HiCrome KPC Agar for the Screening of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Colonization in the ICU Setting of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Mahapatra Ashoka , Nikitha K , Rath Sutapa , Behera Bijayini , Gupta Kavita
Published: July 2021

Background Spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) is a significant concern in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. Approaches to routine screening for CRE colonization in all ICU patients vary depending on institutional epidemiology and resources. The present study was aimed to evaluate the performance of HiCrome Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) agar for the detection of CRE colonization in ICU settings taking the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended method as reference.

Methods Two-hundred and eighty rectal swabs (duplicate) from 140 patients were subjected to CRE detection in HiCrome KPC agar and MacConkey agar (CDC criteria).

Results Using CDC method, total 41 CRE isolates were recovered comprising of 29 Escherichia coli, 11 Klebsiella, and 1 Enterobacter spp. On the other hand, 49 isolates of CRE recovered from 140 rectal swabs using HiCrome KPC agar, out of which 33 were E. coli, 15 Klebsiella, and 1 Enterobacter sp.

Statistical Analysis Sensitivity, specificity, negative, and positive predictive values of CRE screening by HiCrome KPC agar were found to be 100% (91.4–100), 91.9% (84.8–95.8), 83.6% (70.9–91.4), and 100% (95.9–100), respectively, taking the CDC recommended method as reference.

Conclusion HiCrome KPC agar has high sensitivity in screening CRE colonization. Further studies are needed to establish its applicability for detecting the predominant circulating carbapenemases in the Indian setting.
Strength- and recovery-based approaches in forensic mental health in late modernity: Increasingly incorporating a human rights angle?
Authors: Tomlin Jack , Jordan Melanie
Published: July 2021

Forensic mental health care is situated across both criminal justice and healthcare systems and is subject to political, cultural, legal and economic shifts in these contexts. The implementation of strength- and recovery-based models of care should be understood in light of these social and structural processes. Drawing on novel empirical fieldwork and the extant literature, we argue that full realisation of strength- and recovery-based principles is at odds with aspects of late modern social control. Not wholly compatible, we highlight how concepts of empowerment, autonomy, identity and connectedness can unhelpfully rub-up against the concepts of punitiveness, otherness and risk management. Conceptually this is problematic, but in frontline forensic psychiatry settings, this has real lived-experience detrimental effects for patients – as our data demonstrate. To address this, a human rights approach might be fruitful. Grounding arguments for strength- and recovery-based principles in the heuristic framework of human rights can offer a set of common values to stimulate reform in forensic mental healthcare. The right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms offers a particularly promising, robust and well-defined framework for these future changes – as we outline.
A preliminary study of science diplomacy networks in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe
Authors: Arnaldi Simone , Lombardo Alessandro , Tessarolo Angela
Published: July 2021

Science diplomacy (SD) is an emerging field of study at the intersection of international relations and science policy. Despite such a growing interest, the region of Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe has received limited attention by the scholars studying this increasingly significant topic. This article presents the preliminary results of a research focusing on international scientific collaborations between the countries that are members of the Central European Initiative (CEI), an intergovernmental forum for regional cooperation spanning across this broad region of Europe. Using social network analysis (SNA), the paper explores which countries are the most prominent in these cooperation networks and whether the countries sharing EU membership are clustered into separate, distinct subgroups, with fewer or weaker ties with Non-EU members.
Optical design of TCO-free interconnecting layer for all-perovskite tandem solar cells
Authors: Koc Mehmet , Ameri Mohsen , Yerci Selcuk
Published: July 2021

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials are excellent candidates as light absorbers in tandem solar cells with advantages of tunable bandgaps, high absorption coefficients, and facile and low-cost fabrication processes. As the key component of a tandem structure, the interconnecting layer (ICL) requires optical transparency, efficient carrier recombination, and facile up-scalability. To demonstrate the feasibility of an efficient TCO-free ICL in all-perovskite tandem solar cell devices, we have performed a comprehensive computational analysis using the transfer matrix method. The results suggest that varying the silver recombination layers up to 3 nm does not present a significant effect on the maximum achievable photocurrent (MAPC) of the cell. Moreover, the highest MAPC from the tandem cell with the lowest sensitivity to electron and hole transport layer thicknesses can be obtained by the transport layers with refractive indices within the range of 1.9–2.6. The findings are of direct practical relevance, i.e., with meeting our optical framework, a fabrication procedure can be merely directed toward the electrical optimization of the ICL. The presented methodology can serve as an introduction to benchmark ICL design for multi-junction excitonic solar cells.
Nanoscale continuous quantum light sources based on driven dipole emitter arrays
Authors: Holzinger Raphael , Moreno-Cardoner Maria , Ritsch Helmut
Published: July 2021

Regular arrays of two-level emitters at distances smaller than that of the transition wavelength collectively scatter, absorb, and emit photons. The strong inter-particle dipole coupling creates large energy shifts of the collective delocalized excitations, which generates a highly nonlinear response at the single and few photon level. This should allow us to implement nanoscale non-classical light sources via weak coherent illumination. At the generic tailored examples of regular chains or polygons, we show that the fields emitted perpendicular to the illumination direction exhibit a strong directional confinement with genuine quantum properties as antibunching. For short interparticle distances, superradiant directional emission can enhance the radiated intensity by an order of magnitude compared to a single atom focused to a strongly confined solid angle but still keeping the anti-bunching parameter at the level of g(2)(0)≈10−2.
Time series model for real-time forecasting of Australian photovoltaic solar farms power output
Authors: Farah Sleiman , Boland John
Published: July 2021

Intermittent electrical power output from grid-connected solar farms causes intermittent and uncertain requirements for dispatchable power to balance power supply and demand. Accurate forecasting of electrical power output from solar farms can improve managing power generators connected to the grid. To forecast the electrical power output, a time series model is developed for two solar farms in Australia. The forecast model consists of a Fourier series that models seasonality and an autoregressive moving-average component that models the difference between the observed electrical power outputs and the Fourier series. Persistence detection is added to the model to improve forecast performance on clear days. Using minutely data, the model forecasts the electrical power output seven minutes ahead at every five-minute interval to comply with the requirements of the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO). Based on a 30-day testing period, the normalized mean absolute error (NMAE) skills of the time series model are 10.9% and 13.2% lower than those of the clear sky index persistence (CSIP) model. However, the normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) skills of the time series model are approximately 3% and 12% higher than those of CSIP and the model currently used by AEMO, respectively. As the NRMSE skills are more indicative than the NMAE skills in reducing large forecast errors that would reduce electricity grid stability, the results suggest that AEMO can improve the management of the electricity grid with an inexpensive tool by adopting the developed model to forecast electrical power output of solar farms.
Anomalous reflection and transmission of surface acoustic waves at a crystal edge via coupling to leaky wedge waves
Authors: Pupyrev P. D. , Lomonosov A. M. , Nedospasov I. A. , Mayer A. P.
Published: July 2021

Surface acoustic waves are propagated toward the edge of an anisotropic elastic medium (a silicon crystal), which supports leaky waves with a high degree of localization at the tip of the edge. At an angle of incidence corresponding to phase matching with this leaky wedge wave, a sharp peak in the reflection coefficient of the surface wave was found. This anomalous reflection is associated with efficient excitation of the leaky wedge wave. In laser ultrasound experiments, surface acoustic wave pulses were excited and their reflection from the edge of the sample and their partial conversion into leaky wedge wave pulses was observed by optical probe-beam deflection. The reflection scenario and the pulse shapes of the surface and wedge-localized guided waves, including the evolution of the acoustic pulse traveling along the edge, have been confirmed in detail by numerical simulations.
Variational balance models for the three-dimensional Euler–Boussinesq equations with full Coriolis force
Authors: Özden Gözde , Oliver Marcel
Published: July 2021

We derive a semi-geostrophic variational balance model for the three-dimensional Euler–Boussinesq equations on the nontraditional f-plane under the rigid lid approximation. The model is obtained by a small Rossby number expansion in the Hamilton principle, with no other approximations made. We allow for a fully non-hydrostatic flow and do not neglect the horizontal components of the Coriolis parameter; that is, we do not make the so-called “traditional approximation.” The resulting balance models have the same structure as the “L1 balance model” for the primitive equations: a kinematic balance relation, the prognostic equation for the three-dimensional tracer field, and an additional prognostic equation for a scalar field over the two-dimensional horizontal domain, which is linked to the undetermined constant of integration in the thermal wind relation. The balance relation is elliptic under the assumption of stable stratification and sufficiently small fluctuations in all prognostic fields.
Inelastic neutron scattering analysis with time-dependent Gaussian-field models
Authors: Gommes Cedric J. , Zorn Reiner , Jaksch Sebastian , Frielinghaus Henrich , Holderer Olaf
Published: July 2021

Converting neutron scattering data to real-space time-dependent structures can only be achieved through suitable models, which is particularly challenging for geometrically disordered structures. We address this problem by introducing time-dependent clipped Gaussian field models. General expressions are derived for all space- and time-correlation functions relevant to coherent inelastic neutron scattering for multiphase systems and arbitrary scattering contrasts. Various dynamic models are introduced that enable one to add time-dependence to any given spatial statistics, as captured, e.g., by small-angle scattering. In a first approach, the Gaussian field is decomposed into localized waves that are allowed to fluctuate in time or to move either ballistically or diffusively. In a second approach, a dispersion relation is used to make the spectral components of the field time-dependent. The various models lead to qualitatively different dynamics, which can be discriminated by neutron scattering. The methods of this paper are illustrated with oil/water microemulsion studied by small-angle scattering and neutron spin-echo. All available data—in both film and bulk contrasts, over the entire range of q and τ—are analyzed jointly with a single model. The analysis points to the static large-scale structure of the oil and water domains while the interfaces are subject to thermal fluctuations. The fluctuations have an amplitude of around 60 Å and contribute to 30% of the total interface area.
Printing quality improvement for laser-induced forward transfer bioprinting: Numerical modeling and experimental validation
Authors: Qu Jie , Dou Chaoran , Xu Ben , Li Jianzhi , Rao Zhonghao , Tsin Andrew
Published: July 2021

Laser-induced-forward-transfer (LIFT)-based laser assisted bioprinting (LAB) has great advantages over other three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques, such as none-contact, free of clogging, high precision, and good compatibility. In a typical LIFT based LAB process, a jet flow transfers the bioink from the ribbon to the substrate due to bioink bubble generation and collapse, and the printing quality is highly dependent on the jet flow regime (stable or unstable), so it is a great challenge to understand the connection between the jet flow and the printing outcomes. To tackle this challenge, a novel computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD)-based model was developed in this study to accurately describe the jet flow regime and provide guidance for optimal printing process planning, and a great agreement with the difference of less than 14% can be achieved when the length of induced jet is compared with experiments. By adopting the printing parameters recommended by the CFD model, the printing quality was greatly improved by forming a stable jet regime and organized printing patterns on the substrate, and the size of printed droplet could also be accurately predicted using the CFD simulation results through a static equilibrium model. Then, a well-organized pattern with alphabets “UT-CUMT” according to the chosen printing parameters was successfully printed. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop a solid connection between mechanical engineering community and bioprinting community by utilizing the proposed CFD model to direct the LAB process and eventually improve the quality of bioprinting.
A direct relaxation process for particle methods in gas-kinetic theory
Authors: Yang Sirui , Liu Sha , Zhong Chengwen , Cao Junzhe , Zhuo Congshan
Published: July 2021

The multi-scale flow mechanism is crucial for the force and heat loaded on near-space vehicles, the control of spacecraft, and the propelling and cooling of microelectromechanical systems. Since the continuum and rarefied flows often coexist, the prediction of multi-scale flow is complicated. One efficient way is constructing numerical methods by adopting the multi-scale temporal integral solutions (or characteristic line solutions) for model equations in the gas-kinetic theory. The model equations can be classified into the Fokker–Planck type and Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook type (BGK-type). Since these numerical methods are strictly based on model equations, they are also restricted by the model equations. The difficulty in constructing a model equation that has complete asymptotic preserving property for gas mixture with non-equilibrium internal energy will prevent the further extension of these methods. Therefore, this paper addresses the question whether a multi-scale numerical method can be established by directly adopting the relaxation rates of macroscopic variables, such as stress and heat flux, because these relaxation rates are the aggregate effect of particle collisions and are the essential constrains when constructing model equations. Since the particle-BGK method is concise, its collision term is replaced by the direct relaxation process, where the macroscopic variables first evolve according to their relaxation rates, and then, the after-collision molecules get their velocities from the after-evolution macroscopic variables. Therefore, the modified particle-BGK method does not depend on model equations. Finally, the validity and accuracy of the present method are examined with homogenous relaxation case, shock tube, shock structure, cavity flow, and hypersonic cylinder flow in transitional regime.
Low field magnetotransport behavior of barium hexaferrite/ferromagnetic manganite bilayer
Authors: Zinzuvadiya Sushant , Pandya Rutvi J. , Singh Jitendra , Joshi U. S.
Published: July 2021

Adding functionalities to existing ferroelectric/ferromagnetic materials showed promising results with exciting physical mechanisms. Pure and bilayer films of strong ferromagnetic oxides, viz, BaFe12O19 (BaM) and La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO), were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. Polycrystalline samples of dense structure, uniform thickness, and monodispersed grain distributions were used to form capacitor-like stack geometry for dielectric and magneto-dielectric (MD) measurements. High dielectric constants at moderately high frequencies with increased relaxation times were observed for the bilayer film and are attributed to the BaM/LSMO strained interface, while Maxwell–Wagner polarization plays an insignificant role. Modeling of dielectric loss tangents and AC conductivity revealed localized carrier hopping between Fe ions in the bilayer film. Pronounced hysteresis loops with a small coercive field and increased saturation magnetization values of BaM/LSMO bilayers, as compared with BaM/Pt, are demonstrated at 300 K; where the role of mixed valence Mn ions in +3 and +4 states at the bottom LSMO electrode is highlighted. MD measurements with varying magnetic fields showed magnetically tunable, large MD coupling values (∼287%) for BaM/LSMO/Pt. The phenomenally high MD values are discussed based on ionic polarization, colossal magnetoresistance of LSMO, and magnetostriction at the BaM/LSMO interface. Our findings propose significant applications of ferromagnetic oxide bilayers in the emerging field of magneto-dielectric coupling devices.
Exact solution to the main turbulence problem for a compressible medium and the universal −8/3 law turbulence spectrum of breaking waves
Authors: Chefranov Sergey G. , Chefranov Artem S.
Published: July 2021

An exact analytical solution to the one-dimensional compressible Euler equations in the form of a nonlinear simple wave is obtained. In contrast to the well-known Riemann solution, the resulting solution and the time of its collapse t0 have an explicit dependence on the initial conditions. For the non-zero dissipation the regularization of the solution over an unlimited time interval is justified. Based on this solution of the Euler equations, an exact explicit and closed description for any single- and multi-point characteristics of turbulence in a compressible medium are obtained, and Onsager's dissipative anomaly is considered. The exact turbulence energy universal spectrum E(k)∝k−8/3, corresponding to the time t→t0 of the shock arising, is stated. That spectrum is more relevant to the strong acoustic turbulence than the well-known spectrum E(k)∝k−2. Installed, spectrum−8/3 is also matched with the observed compressible turbulence spectrum in the magnetosheath and solar wind. The turbulence energy dissipation rate fluctuations universal spectrum ED(k)∝k−2/3 is obtained and corresponds to the known observation data in the atmospheric surface layer.
Revisiting conformations of methyl lactate in water and methanol
Authors: Katsyuba Sergey A. , Spicher Sebastian , Gerasimova Tatiana P. , Grimme Stefan
Published: July 2021

The recently developed efficient protocols to implicit [Grimme et al., J. Phys. Chem. A 125, 4039–4054 (2021)] and explicit quantum mechanical modeling of non-rigid molecules in solution [Katsyuba et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 124, 6664–6670 (2020)] are applied to methyl lactate (ML). Building upon this work, a new combination scheme is proposed to incorporate solvation effects for the computation of infrared (IR) absorption spectra. Herein, Boltzmann populations calculated for implicitly solvated single conformers are used to weight the IR spectra of explicitly solvated clusters with a size of typically ten solvent molecules, i.e., accounting for the first solvation shell. It is found that in water and methanol, the most abundant conformers of ML are structurally modified relative to the gas phase, where the major form is ML1, in which the syn conformation of the –OH moiety is stabilized by a OH⋯O=C intramolecular hydrogen bond (HB). In solution, this syn conformation transforms to the gauche form because the intramolecular HB is disrupted by explicit water molecules that form intermolecular HBs with the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Similar changes induced by the gas-solution transition are observed for the minor conformers, ML2 and/or ML3, characterized by OH⋯OCH3 intramolecular HB in the gas phase. The relative abundance of ML1 is shown to decrease from ∼96% in gas to ∼51% in water and ∼92% in methanol. The solvent strongly influences frequencies, IR intensities, and normal modes, resulting in qualitatively different spectra compared to the gas phase. Some liquid-state conformational markers in the fingerprint region of IR spectra are revealed.
Multistability analysis and nonlinear vibration for generator set in series hybrid electric vehicle through electromechanical coupling
Authors: Tametang Meli Maxim Idriss , Leutcho Gervais Dolvis , Yemele David
Published: July 2021

The non-linear analysis of undesired vibrations observed on hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) powertrains is hardly developed in the literature. In this paper, a mathematical modeling of the vibrations observed at the level of the electromechanical coupling between the internal combustion engine and the generator in the series architecture of HEVs, named (SHEVs), is established using the Lagrangian theory. The stability and instability motions of this SHEV are perfectly detailed using amplitude–frequency response curves. An analysis of the electromagnetic torque amplitude of the new SHEV demonstrates the presence of multistability with the coexistence of two or three different types of attractors. In addition, this new SHEV model has other dynamic regimes of chaotic and periodic oscillations. Coexisting bifurcations with parallel branches, hysteresis, and period-doubling are also discovered. A unique contribution of this work is the abundance and complicated dynamical behaviors found in such types of systems compared with some rare cases previously reported on HEV powertrain models. The simulation results obtained using non-linear analysis tools sufficiently demonstrate that the objectives of this paper are achieved.
A deterministic model for bubble propagation through simple and cascaded loops of microchannels in power-law fluids
Authors: Mandal Joy , Sarkar Sandip , Sen Swarnendu
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates the path selection of bubbles suspended in different power-law carrier liquids in microfluidic channel networks. A finite volume-based numerical method is used to analyze the two-dimensional incompressible fluid flow in microchannels, while the volume of fluid method is used to capture the gas–liquid interface. To instill the influences of shear thinning, Newtonian, and shear-thickening fluids, the range of power-law indices (n) is varied from 0.3 to 1.5. We have validated our numerical model with the available literature data in good agreement. We have investigated the nonlinearity in the hydrodynamic resistance which arises due to single-phase non-Newtonian fluid flow. The path selection of a bubble in power-law fluids is examined from the perspective of velocity distribution and bubble deformation. We have found that the bubble indeed goes to the channel with a higher flow rate for all power-law fluids, but interestingly it did not always take the shorter route channel at a junction for n = 0.3. Our results suggest that long channels need not be more resistant for every fluid and that the longest arm becomes the least resistant resulting in the bubble leading into the long arm at a junction for shear-thinning fluid. We have proposed a deterministic model that enables predicting the second bubble path in a single bubble system for any location of the first bubble. We believe that the present study results will help design future generation microfluidic systems for efficient drug delivery and biomedical and biochemical applications.
Systematic mining of fungal chimeric terpene synthases using an efficient precursor-providing yeast chassis
Authors: Chen Rong , Jia Qidong , Mu Xin , Hu Ben , Sun Xiang , Deng Zixin , Chen Feng , Bian Guangkai , Liu Tiangang
Published: July 2021

Significance

Chimeric terpene synthases, termed PTTSs, are a unique family of enzymes occurring only in fungi. Characterizing PTTSs is challenging due to the complex reactions they catalyze and the structural complexity of their products. Here, by devising an efficient precursor-providing yeast chassis and incorporating a high-throughput automated platform, we identified 34 active PTTSs, which was considerably more than the number of known functional PTTSs. This effective and rapid pipeline can be employed for the characterization of other PTTSs or related terpenoid biosynthetic enzymes. By systematically analyzing the presence/absence of
PTTS
genes together with phylogenetic analysis, the ancestral
PTTS
gene was inferred to have undergone duplication and functional divergence, which led to the development of two distinct cyclization mechanisms.
The pragmatism of drawing context networks
Authors: Butt David G. , Moore Alison Rotha , Wu Canzhong , Cartmill John
Published: July 2021

Linguistics has embraced the functional and contextual turn but, when building tools for systematic contextual description, we have not made as much use as we could of our own functional traditions. Rather, we have largely relied on the metaphors of law and rule, which do not adequately capture tensions between consistency and variability in how language and context relate to each other. Our aim in this paper is to show the economy and practicality of representing context as a pathway through a network, drawing on the network technique for mapping systems of grammatical choice introduced by Michael Halliday, and on its application to other linguistic strata first offered by Ruqaiya Hasan. The paper begins by outlining why alternative frameworks are needed for describing context-language relations. We then present a contextual network for one specific domain of the Systemic Functional Linguistic notion of Tenor, namely social distance, and use this to explore how different configurations of features of social distance influence the way that traditions of practice are passed on as a specialised legacy in two different professional collaborations. While the kind of context modelling discussed here is in a very early phase of development compared to phonetic, morphological and grammatical description, it has many advantages: contextual networks are paradigmatic in orientation; they help display and theorise metastability in language; they are “ad hoc” in Firth’s positive sense; and they constitute a proposal to be tested against observed behaviour within specific cultural and situational settings.
Stability and change in the colour lexicon of the Japonic languages
Authors: Huisman John L. A. , van Hout Roeland , Majid Asifa
Published: July 2021

Previous work on colour lexicons focussed on universal patterns in their structure and evolution. We collected new
colour naming data in Japanese and three under-described Ryukyuan languages (Amami, Miyako and Yaeyama) to investigate semantic
variation and change in the colour lexicon of related languages in a modern context. We found several new colour terms (e.g.,
midori and guriin for ‘green’) in the lexicon of Ryukyuan speakers, apparently resulting
from contact with Standard Japanese and English. A comparison of our data with historical data suggests that modern Ryukyuan
colour systems are closer to modern Japanese than they are to their historic pasts. However, we also found that modern-day
Ryukyuan languages are more similar to each other than they are to Japanese. These findings show the scope of semantic changes
that can occur through outside influence and highlight the need for fresh empirical data in the study of semantics in related
languages.
Translating images of Hong Kong in news coverage on BBC Chinese
Authors: Ping Yuan
Published: July 2021

This study investigates how the image of Hong Kong is presented in translated news in the case of the 2014 protests, adopting an imagological approach. The corpus consists of translated news articles on the BBC Chinese website and their English-language source texts from a variety of British press articles published between 28 September and 15 December 2014. The study is a corpus-based critical discourse analysis focusing on aspects of the labelling and semantic prosodies in relation to Hong Kong. It also assesses aspects of image-building, including the selective appropriation of texts for translation, the institutional procedures, and target readership reception, that together contribute to the discursive construction of socio-political images of Hong Kong.
How close are shell models to the 3D Navier–Stokes equations?
Authors: Vincenzi Dario , Gibbon John D
Published: July 2021

Shell models have found wide application in the study of hydrodynamic turbulence because they are easily solved numerically even at very large Reynolds numbers. Although bereft of spatial variation, they accurately reproduce the main statistical properties of fully-developed homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. Moreover, they enjoy regularity properties which still remain open for the three-dimensional (3D) Navier–Stokes equations (NSEs). The goal of this study is to make a rigorous comparison between shell models and the NSEs. It turns out that only the estimate of the mean energy dissipation rate is the same in both systems. The estimates of the velocity and its higher-order derivatives display a weaker Reynolds number dependence for shell models than for the 3D NSEs. Indeed, the velocity-derivative estimates for shell models are found to be equivalent to those corresponding to a velocity gradient averaged version of the 3D Navier–Stokes equations (VGA-NSEs), while the velocity estimates are even milder. Numerical simulations over a wide range of Reynolds numbers confirm the estimates for shell models.
Nonlinear scalar field equation with competing nonlocal terms
*
Authors: d’Avenia Pietro , Mederski Jarosław , Pomponio Alessio
Published: July 2021

We find radial and nonradial solutions to the following nonlocal problem

−
Δ
u
+
ω
u
=

I

α

*

F

(

u

)

f

(

u

)

−

I

β

*

G

(

u

)

g

(

u

)

in

R

N

under general assumptions, in the spirit of Berestycki and Lions, imposed on f and g, where N ⩾ 3, 0 ⩽ β ⩽ α < N, ω ⩾ 0,

f
,
g
:
R
→
R

are continuous functions with corresponding primitives F, G, and I

α
, I

β
are the Riesz potentials. If β > 0, then we deal with two competing nonlocal terms modelling attractive and repulsive interaction potentials.
The nature of non-Gaussianity and statistical isotropy of the 408 MHz Haslam synchrotron map
Authors: Rahman Fazlu , Chingangbam Pravabati , Ghosh Tuhin
Published: July 2021

Accurate component separation of full-sky maps in the radio and microwave frequencies, such as the cosmic microwave background (CMB), relies on a thorough understanding of the statistical properties of the Galactic foreground emissions. Using scalar Minkowski functionals and their tensorial generalization known as Minkowski tensors, we analyze the statistical properties of one of the major foreground components, namely the Galactic synchrotron given by the full sky 408 MHz Haslam map. We focus on understanding the nature of non-Gaussianity and statistical isotropy of the cooler regions of the map as a function of angular scale. We find that the overall level of the non-Gaussian deviations does decrease as more high emission regions are masked and as we go down to smaller scales, in agreement with the results obtained in earlier works. However, they remain significantly high, of order 3.3σ, at the smallest angular scales relevant for the Haslam map. We carry out a detailed examination of the non-Gaussian nature using the generalized skewness and kurtosis cumulants that arise in the perturbative expansion of Minkowski functionals for weakly non-Gaussian fields. We find that the leading sources of non-Gaussianity are the kurtosis terms which are considerably larger than the skewness terms at all angular scales. Further, for the cooler regions of the Haslam map, we find that the non-Gaussian deviations of the Minkowski functionals can be well explained by the perturbative expansion up to second-order (up to kurtosis terms), with first-order terms being sub-dominant. Lastly, we test the statistical isotropy of the Haslam map and find that it becomes increasingly more isotropic at smaller scales.
Design of AC Load Analysis System Based on Single-chip Microcomputer
Authors: Zhang Chao , Li Yixin
Published: July 2021

A high-precision data sampling AC load analysis system is designed based on the core of ARM cortex M3 microcontroller named NXP LPC1500. The hardware composition, circuit design of each hardware part and the software design of the system are discussed in detail. The voltage, frequency, energy (W-h), harmonic current and current curve are also added into the analysis system. The circuit diagram of the functional part of the main circuit is provide, and the flow chart of the software design for the microcontroller are given. The experimental data show that the system works stably and reliably in actual application.
A Multi-sensor Data Fusion Algorithm Based on Unscented Kalman Filter for the Attitude Estimation of UAV
Authors: Wu Hongwei , Dou Yinke , Liu Jianlong
Published: July 2021

Aiming at the low accuracy of the inertial measurement unit and the error of the traditional attitude estimation algorithm, a UAV attitude estimation algorithm based on Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is proposed. The Euler angle method is used to describe the attitude algorithm model of the aircraft, and on this basis, the system state equation and observation equation of the UAV are established; the unscented Kalman filter algorithm is used to achieve the calculation of the attitude angle of the aircraft. By using APM flight control data, the simulation experiment is compared with the traditional attitude estimation algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a great improvement in reliability and accuracy compared with the attitude estimation algorithm using extended Kalman filter (EKF).
Simulation Study on the Influence of Single Balance Shaft Mechanism on Noise Radiation of 3-Cylinder Engine
Authors: Wang Shangxue , Zhang Zhijun , Wang Yunfei
Published: July 2021

In this paper, simulation work was conducted to evaluate the vibration and noise of a 3-cylinder diesel engine. The finite element model of the whole engine and the dynamic model of the crankshaft system were established respectively. The boundary element method and the modal-based acoustic transfer vector (MATV) method were used to calculate the acoustic and vibration response, and the characteristic points were selected to monitor the radiated noise in the external acoustic field. Finally, through the structural optimization of the diesel engine model, the influence of adding a single balance shaft on the sound radiation of the whole machine was analyzed. The research results of this paper will provide technical support for the design of shock absorption and noise reduction of 3-cylinder engine in the application of unmanned ground vehicles (UGV), outboard engine, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UVA) and hybrid power system.
Motion simulation of a tensegrity snake-like robot based on the serpenoid curve
Authors: Wang Yihang , Zhang Xiaoshi , Li Xin , He Jingfeng
Published: July 2021

Due to their good motion performance, snake-like robots have been widely studied and researched for years and still have a lot of research interest. In this paper, we propose a snake-like robot based on tensegrity structure. Our snake-like robot is driven with cables on both sides, which is different from the serial structure snake-like robots driving by the motor at the axis of rotation. In order to verify the feasibility of the snake-like robot motion, we studied its inverse kinematics and performed simulation based on the serpenoid curve.
Research Progress on Surface Corrosion of Uranium Materials
Authors: Ming-ao Qin , Tao Wang , Chen Xie , Si-hao Tao
Published: July 2021

In order to understand the oxidation and corrosion mechanism of uranium and its compounds surface and explore the environmental system that can effectively alleviate the oxidation and corrosion of uranium materials, this paper reviews the research on the surface chemistry of uranium and its compounds at home and abroad, the adsorption behaviors of reactive gases such as H2, O2, CO, CO2 and inert gases such as N2 on different surfaces of uranium and its compounds were compared and analyzed, which deepens the understanding of the corrosion behavior of uranium and its compounds in the air, and gets some useful conclusions; this paper concludes that the interaction between U and various gases is accompanied by the transfer of charges, the main mechanism of action is that the different hybrid orbitals of gas atoms and U7s, U6d, U5f and other hybrid orbitals interact to form new chemical bonds, which led to related reactions and phenomena; in this paper, the research on surface corrosion of uranium and its compounds is also prospected from three aspects: improving the research methods, carrying out the study of different surface adsorption behaviors of different phases of uranium atoms, and exploring new systems for protecting uranium materials from oxidation and corrosion.
Influences of Temperature Field on Microstructural Characteristics of Laser Cladding Al2O3-13wt.%TiO2 Coating Prepared by Plasma Spraying
Authors: Wang Dongsheng , Zhang Yichi , Qu Guang , Zhou Xinhua
Published: July 2021

To explore effects of temperature field in laser cladding on structure of ceramic coating prepared by plasma spraying, a finite element model of continuous moving three-dimensional temperature field of laser cladded Al2O3-13wt.%TiO2 coating prepared by plasma spraying was constructed by the parametric design language of ANSYS finite element software to analyze temperature field during laser cladding. According to analysis results, it is very difficult to realize complete remelting of the whole preset ceramic coating during laser cladding when it is thick, which is related with the relatively low thermal conductivity of the ceramic materials. The whole coating can be divided into remelting zone, sintering zone and residual plasma spraying zone according to temperature field distribution in the zone of cladding. Given the optimal technological parameters, relatively thick remelting zone and sintering zone could be gained under the relatively low laser cladding power and relatively low scanning speed. Experimental results demonstrated that the ceramic coating after cladding formed remelting zone with small-sized and dense isometric crystals, sintering zone and lamellar residual plasma spraying zone. Moreover, the calculated results of thickness of the remelting zone and sintering zone conformed well to experimental values. This proved that the constructed finite element model is accurate and reliable.
Axial Stiffness Analysis of Double-Nut Ball Screw Pair
Authors: Zhu Yongjin , Jiang Shuyun
Published: July 2021

Based on the Hertz contact theory and considering changes in lead angle and contact angle, the axial stiffness model of a double-nut screw ball pair is established. A ball screw pair is taken as a calculation example, the accuracy of the theoretical model is verified. And the influence of the lead angle and the initial contact angle on the axial stiffness is analyzed. The research results show that the influence of the lead angle on the stiffness can be ignored and appropriately increasing the initial contact angle can effectively improve the stiffness performance.
Effect of Aging on the Toughness of Heat-Resistant 22Cr-15Ni-4Cu Austenitic Steel
Authors: Che Pengcheng , Wang Shuo , Cheng Yi , Wei Limin , Li Xianshuang , Xu Hang
Published: July 2021

As the 630°C USC power units develops rapidly, the two commonly employed austenitic steels HR3C and Super304H cannot be suitable with higher temperature and pressure any more. Due to their poor steam oxidation resistance and low strength, a new Austenitic heat-resistant steel 22Cr-15Ni-4Cu has been developed according to the strengthening mechanism of multiphase. The samples were aged for different times from 50h to 5000h under 650°C. The results show that the Charpy impact energy sharply decreases in the first 500h, and then maintains steady when aging time extends to 5000h further. Though both σ phase and M23C6 precipitated along the boundary, the sharply change of toughness was attributed to the M23C6 phase precipitation but not the σ phase. As the σ phase nearly started to precipitate after the ductile-brittle transition process. Due to the hard, large and low-plasticity M23C6 phase, it is difficult for the particles to harmonize with the matrix, which makes the composite matrix sensitive to initiation and propagation of cracks during the deformation process and then leads to the sharp decline of toughness of the steel.
Parameter decomposition model of three-wheel bootstrap high-pressure water-separated system
Authors: Haoran Sun , Chengyun Wu , Xiang Shen , Zhongdi Duan
Published: July 2021

The three-wheel bootstrap high-pressure water-separated system (HPWS) has been widely applied for the aircraft air-conditioner pack due to the advantages of high efficiency and stability. To guide the design of HPWS, a parameter decomposition model is established, including the sub-models of wet air, air cycle machine, heat exchanger and water extractor, and a tailor-made solution algorithm is proposed. The model accuracy is validated by the test data of an aircraft, and deviations of the calculated temperatures and pressures are within ± 5°C and ± 5%, respectively.
Effect of coupling agent content on properties of fly ash filled acrylic coating
Authors: Xuan YE , Shaojun Chen , Zhongbin Zhang
Published: July 2021

Fly ash was modified with 0wt%, 1wt%, 2wt%, 3wt% and 4wt% silane coupling agent. Modified fly ash was mixed with acrylic emulsion and additives to prepare acrylic coating. Coating adhesion, cup drawing experiment and heat insulation test were conducted. Results show that, with the increase of the content of coupling agent, the adhesion and toughness of the coating decrease. And the coating modified with 4wt% silane coupling agent has the best thermal insulation properties.
Structure and function of antagonistic pneumatic flexible rotary joint
Authors: Xia Wang , Dexu Geng , Lizhong Zhang , Wenzhi XU , Pei Wang
Published: July 2021

In order to solve the defects of the flexibility, adaptability and the safety of human-computer interaction of the arm joint of the service robot, an antagonistic rotary joint with buffer capability was developed by using the self-developed rotary driver. It consists of two groups of arc-shaped pneumatic artificial muscle drivers and the middle pneumatic brake with 180 degrees difference in the same installation phase, in order to avoid interference between the two groups of drivers, the two groups of pneumatic artificial muscle drivers are pre injected with 0.12Mpa air pressure, and the joint rotation function is realized based on the antagonistic principle, and the joint position and posture maintenance function is realized by the cooperation of pneumatic brake. The experimental results show that by controlling the gas pressure of the actuator, the rotation direction and the output driving force of the joint can be adjusted accurately; the rotation angle and output torque of the joint are proportional to the pressure difference between the two actuators. When the two actuators are filled with the same air pressure, the joint angle is 0 °, the rotation torque is 0; when the pressure difference between the two actuators is 0.24Mpa, the maximum joint angle is 60.5 °, the maximum rotation torque is 4.76N.m.
Microstructure and Mechanical Property of High Strength and High Toughness Titanium Alloy by Laser Deposition Manufacturing
Authors: Liu ZiXuan , Wang Chao , Yi JunZhen , Yu YongFu , Yu BoRong , Yang Guang
Published: July 2021

In this study, the high strength and high toughness Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Sn-2Zr-2Cr alloy was fabricated by the laser deposition manufacturing (LDM) technology. The effect of process parameters on the forming quality of LDMed alloy was studied. The microstructure and mechanical properties of LDMed Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Sn-2Zr-2Cr alloy was deeply analysed by the optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, tensile tester and impact tester. The results show that the optimized process parameters are as follows: laser power is 2.4 kW, scanning speed is 10 mm/s and scanning interval is 2.4 mm. Due to the temperature gradient, the LDMed titanium alloy shows obvious microstructure anisotropy exhibiting fine β equiaxed grain in scanning direction (XY direction), but shows coarse β columnar grain in deposition direction (Z direction). The micro-morphology exhibits classic dual-phase microstructure with basket appearance composing of equally distributed α phase and metastable β-transformed phase. Due to the grain boundary strengthening effect, obvious mechanical anisotropy can also be observed in LDMed titanium alloy showing a higher tensile strength, lower plasticity and impact toughness in XY direction, but reverses in Z direction.