bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vinyl- and chloromethyl-substituted mono-T8and double-decker silsesquioxanes as specific cores to low generation dendritic systems
Authors: Mrzygłód Aleksandra , Kubicki Maciej , Dudziec Beata
Published: December 2021

This is the first report on the synthesis of dendritic systems with double-decker SQs used as cores. A two-step synthetic protocol is presented to obtain G1.5 dendrimers with –SiCH2Cl reactive moieties for easy modification in the next stages.
Grain boundary and misorientation angle-dependent thermal transport in single-layer MoS2
Authors: Xu Ke , Liang Ting , Zhang Zhisen , Cao Xuezheng , Han Meng , Wei Ning , Wu Jianyang
Published: December 2021

Grain boundaries (GBs) are inevitable defects in large-area MoS2 samples, and they greatly affect the thermal transport of MoS2.
(±)-Usphenethylones A–C, three pairs of heterodimeric polyketide enantiomers from Aspergillus ustus 3.3904
Authors: Peng Xiaogang , Zhou Shuang , Liu Junjun , Gao Ying , Chang Jinling , Ruan Hanli
Published: December 2021

Usphenethylones A–B (1–2) feature a 2,6,18-trioxa-tetracyclo-[8.8.0.03,8.011,16]octadecane core and usphenethylone C (3) possesses a special 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-pyrano[4,3-b]pyran-5-one scaffold.
Synthesis of micrometer-sized poly(vinyl acetate) particles through microsuspension iodine transfer polymerization: effect of iodine species in a water medium
Authors: Huang Chujuan , Suzuki Toyoko , Minami Hideto
Published: December 2021

Schematic of the behaviors of iodine species in the microsuspension polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) in an aqueous medium.
Graphene oxide-based composite organohydrogels with high strength and low temperature resistance for strain sensors
Authors: Zhao Rui , Jiang Li , Zhang Ping , Li Dan , Guo Zhenzhong , Hu Liang
Published: December 2021

Physically crosslinked GO-based organohydrogels feature superior mechanical properties, adhesion strength, and electrical conductivity at temperatures <0 °C. The organohydrogel-based sensor revealed the capability to monitor human motions, such as finger, wrist and knee movements.
Urocortins as biomarkers in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Vasconcelos Inês , Adão Rui , Rademaker Miriam T. , Leite-Moreira Adelino F. , Fontes-Sousa Ana Patrícia , Brás-Silva Carmen
Published: December 2021

The urocortins (Ucns) belong to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides and have multiple effects within the central nervous and the cardiovascular systems. With growing evidence indicating significant cardioprotective properties and cardiovascular actions of these peptides, the question arises as to whether the plasma profiles of the Ucns are altered in pathologic settings. While reports have shown conflicting results and findings have not been corroborated in multiple independent cohorts, it seems likely that plasma Ucn concentrations are elevated in multiple cardiovascular conditions. The degree of increase and accurate determination of circulating values of the Ucns requires further validation.
Assessing Ecologically Valid Methods of Auditory Feedback Measurement in Individuals With Typical Speech
Authors: Tomassi Nicole E. , Weerathunge Hasini R. , Cushman Megan R. , Bohland Jason W. , Stepp Cara E.
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

Auditory feedback is thought to contribute to the online control of speech production. Yet, the standard method of estimating auditory feedback control (i.e., reflexive responses to auditory–motor perturbations), although sound, requires specialized instrumentation, meticulous calibration, unnatural tasks, and specific acoustic environments. The purpose of this study was to explore more ecologically valid features of speech production to determine their relationships with auditory feedback mechanisms.

Method:

Two previously proposed measures of within-utterance variability (centering and baseline variability) were compared with reflexive response magnitudes in 30 adults with typical speech. These three measures were estimated for both the laryngeal and articulatory subsystems of speech.

Results:

Regardless of the speech subsystem, neither centering nor baseline variability was shown to be related to reflexive response magnitudes. Likewise, no relationships were found between centering and baseline variability.

Conclusions:

Despite previous suggestions that centering and baseline variability may be related to auditory feedback mechanisms, this study did not support these assertions. However, the detection of such relationships may have required a larger degree of variability in responses, relative to that found in those with typical speech. Future research on these relationships is warranted in populations with more heterogeneous responses, such as children or clinical populations.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17330546
NA‐Reviewer: Reviewing the context to improve the error accumulation issue for multi‐hop QA
Authors: Fu Ruiliu , Wang Han , Zhou Jun , Zhang Xuejun
Published: December 2021

The multi‐hop question answering (QA) task requires the machine to answer the question correctly and at the same time provide evidence clues. Some pipeline methods have achieved great results in answer accuracy and interpretability, while a obvious drawback of these pipeline methods is the error accumulation issue. In this letter, we propose a NA‐Reviewer method to improve the error accumulation issue in multi‐hop QA task. It consists of two parts: an NA‐Discriminator and a Reviewer, where the NA‐Discriminator transforms the error accumulation issue into an unanswered discrimination task, and the Reviewer corrects the error by reviewing the context according the error clues. We conducted experiments on the 2WikiMultiHopQA dataset. Compared with the previous state‐of‐the‐art works, the proposed NA‐Reviewer method have increased the F1 value by 4.27 percentage points, and compared to the ablation model without the NA‐Reviewer method, it has increased the F1 value by 9.58 percentage points, which significantly improves the error accumulation issue.
Non‐linearly conductive ZnO microvaristors/epoxy resin composite prepared by wet winding with polyester fibre cloth
Authors: Yuan Zhikang , Hu Jun , Huang Zhiwen , Sun Gang , Sun Ya , He Jinliang
Published: December 2021

ZnO microvaristors/epoxy resin composite has drawn great attention from academia and industry for its adjustable non‐linear conductivity, high mechanical strength, and good ageing resistance. However, the sedimentation of ZnO microvaristors in epoxy resin during preparation is the key problem, which limits its application in engineering. In this study, a novel method of wet winding with polyester fibre cloth is proposed to prepare the ZnO microvaristors/epoxy resin composite. The anti‐settling effect of ZnO microvaristors in the composite is verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The microstructure shows that ZnO microvaristors distribute uniformly in the composite, and the content difference of ZnO microvaristors at the top and bottom part is only 0.4%. The composite shows typical non‐linear conductivity, and the threshold electric field and the non‐linear coefficient decrease with the content of ZnO microvaristors, while the conductivity in the insulating state shows an increasing trend. To verify the field grading effect of the composite with non‐linear conductivity (CNC), a finite element model of a needle‐plate electrode, simulating the condition of a conductive tip in a solid insulated system, is set up. CNC can adaptively grade the electric field, which reduces the surface electric field of the needle tip by 86.6% and the highest electric field in the system by 82.1%. This wet winding method solidifies the industrial application of CNC in high‐voltage power equipment.
A wide‐angle forward to backward scanning wideband leaky‐wave antenna based on microstrip spoof surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Sharma Somia , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Basu Ananjan , Koul Shiban K.
Published: December 2021

In this work, a wide‐angle forward to backward scanning wideband leaky‐wave antenna (LWA) based on the microstrip spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) transmission line (TL) is proposed. The proposed microstrip SSPP TL has tapered corrugations on both sides of the metallic strip conductor. After designing an efficient transition with a good transition occupation ratio and excellent transmission efficiency, a wide‐angle scanning LWA is realised. A methodology of achieving high gain and wide‐angle scanning by adjusting a large number of radiating elements in a compact area is proposed. The proposed antenna operates in the frequency range of 8.9–12.7 GHz having fractional bandwidth of 35.18% with a continuous scanning range from −35° to +51°. The maximum gain of 19.03 dBi with a maximum radiation efficiency of 90% is achieved from the structure. The proposed antenna can easily be integrated with planar wireless communication systems due to the presence of an unbroken ground plane.
Die Kunst der UV-Phototherapie und Photodiagnostik nicht verlernen!
Authors: Lehmann Lion , Hofmann Silke , Lehmann Percy
Published: December 2021

Die UV-Phototherapie ist trotz der Entwicklung der hochwirksamen Biologicals nach wie vor Bestandteil diverser Leitlinienempfehlungen. Die Durchführung der verschiedenen Formen der Phototherapie bedarf einer profunden Ausbildung, um Schaden an Patienten zu vermeiden. Dies spiegelt sich in einer zunehmenden Anzahl von Behandlungsfehlervorwürfen, bspw. bei der Kommission für ärztliche Behandlungsfehler der Ärztekammer Nordrhein, wider. Im Folgenden werden anhand von vier Beispielen typische Fehler bei der UV-Phototherapie und Photodiagnostik aufgezeigt, die zu Schäden bei den Patienten geführt haben. Zusammenfassend ist festzustellen, dass in allen geschilderten Fällen Behandlungsfehler aufgetreten sind, die bei fundierter Ausbildung und Kenntnis der einschlägigen Literatur zu vermeiden gewesen wären. Dieses Manuskript soll auch als Appell an die Ausbilder verstanden werden, die Kunst der Phototherapie und Photodiagnostik den ihnen anvertrauten Auszubildenden fundiert weiterzugeben.
Technical Note: Arthroscopic Resection of Snapping, Interponating Annular Ligament of the Elbow
Authors: Thiele Kathi , Akgün Doruk , Al-Mutaresh Faisal , Stöckle Ulrich , Lacheta Lucca , Moroder Philipp
Published: December 2021

The indication for surgical treatment of lateral snapping elbow syndrome is recurrent joint blockage in combination with pain of the affected elbow joint. Different parts of the lateral
synovial capsule sleeve complex, including the annular ligament itself, a hypertrophic synovial fold, or meniscus-like soft tissue interposition can lead to painful entrapment. Surgical
treatment options can include an arthroscopic or open procedure. The aim of this technical note is to provide a step-by-step illustration of the authorsʼ preferred arthroscopic approach with
a comprehensive review of literature on clinical outcome.
Thromboinflammation as a Driver of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Gauchel Nadine , Krauel Krystin , Hamad Muataz Ali , Bode Christoph , Duerschmied Daniel
Published: December 2021

Thrombus formation has been identified as an integral part in innate immunity, termed immunothrombosis. Activation of host defense systems is known to result in a procoagulant environment. In this system, cellular players as well as soluble mediators interact with each other and their dysregulation can lead to the pathological process of thromboinflammation. These mechanisms have been under intensified investigation during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we focus on the underlying mechanisms leading to thromboinflammation as one trigger of venous thromboembolism.
Pathogenic Aspects of Inherited Platelet Disorders
Authors: Boeckelmann Doris , Glonnegger Hannah , Sandrock-Lang Kirstin , Zieger Barbara
Published: December 2021

Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs) constitute a large heterogeneous group of rare bleeding disorders. These are classified into: (1) quantitative defects, (2) qualitative disorders, or (3) altered platelet production rate disorders or increased platelet turnover. Classically, IPD diagnostic is based on clinical phenotype characterization, comprehensive laboratory analyses (platelet function analysis), and, in former times, candidate gene sequencing. Today, molecular genetic analysis is performed using next-generation sequencing, mostly by targeting enrichment of a gene panel or by whole-exome sequencing. Still, the biochemical and molecular genetic characterization of patients with congenital thrombocytopathias/thrombocytopenia is essential, since postoperative or posttraumatic bleeding often occurs due to undiagnosed platelet defects. Depending upon the kind of surgery or trauma, this bleeding may be life-threatening, e.g., after tonsillectomy or in brain surgery. Undiagnosed platelet defects may lead to additional surgery, hysterectomy, pulmonary bleeding, and even resuscitation. In addition, these increased bleeding symptoms can lead to wound healing problems. Only specialized laboratories can perform the special platelet function analyses (aggregometry, flow cytometry, or immunofluorescent microscopy of the platelets); therefore, many IPDs are still undetected.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Parents on Early Childhood Caries in Qatar—A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Al-Jaber Aisha Saleh , Al-Qatami Hadeel Mohammad , Abed Al Jawad Feras Hasan
Published: December 2021

Objectives The aims of the present study were to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward early childhood caries (ECC) in a group of Qatari parents and to assess the association of sociodemographic factors on their KAP.

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study which was based on a piloted self-administered questionnaire was conveniently distributed to parents who attended the Pediatric Dentistry Section, Hamad Dental Center (HDC), Doha, Qatar. The questionnaire comprised four parts which asked about sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. A score for each domain was given based on the percentage of correct answers.

Statistical Analysis Descriptive and analytical statistics were employed. For descriptive statistics, frequency of distribution in relation to sociodemographic characteristics and responses to items of the questionnaire were presented. For analytical statistics, associations between independent variables and KAP were employed using Chi-squared tests.

Results The overall mean scores of KAP were 60.8%, 65.6% and 72.7%, respectively. Females had significantly higher percentages of correct answers than males (p = 0.001). Only 20% of females had poor knowledge, while it was 40% in males. Parents with university or higher degrees had significantly higher percentage of good attitudes than parents with preparatory or less education (p = 0.05). Areas that necessitated improvement by parents included the following: the amount of toothpaste needed for brushing, signs of tooth demineralization, bacteria that causes tooth decay can be transmitted from mother to her child, and tooth decay can be transmitted by sharing utensils (i.e., spoons, forks).

Conclusions The overall KAP of parents toward ECC was relatively fair. However, certain socioeconomic factors (SEF) seemed to influence each domain, and areas of improvement are needed. Areas of improvement are needed in each domain. Mothers were significantly more knowledgeable than fathers regarding oral health issues of their children. Highly educated parents demonstrated better attitudes than the less educated. Continuous educational programs coordinated by health regulatory bodies should be introduced to improve parents' KAP regarding ECC risk factors and prevention.
Evaluating Electronic Health Record Limitations and Time Expenditure in a German Medical Center
Authors: de Hoop Tom , Neumuth Thomas
Published: December 2021

Objectives This study set out to obtain a general profile of physician time expenditure and electronic health record (EHR) limitations in a large university medical center in Germany. We also aim to illustrate the merit of a tool allowing for easier capture and prioritization of specific clinical needs at the point of care for which the current study will inform development in subsequent work.

Methods Nineteen physicians across six different departments participated in this study. Direct clinical observations were conducted with 13 out of 19 physicians for a total of 2,205 minutes, and semistructured interviews were conducted with all participants. During observations, time was measured for larger activity categories (searching information, reading information, documenting information, patient interaction, calling, and others). Semistructured interviews focused on perceived limitations, frustrations, and desired improvements regarding the EHR environment.

Results Of the observed time, 37.1% was spent interacting with the health records (9.0% searching, 7.7% reading, and 20.5% writing), 28.0% was spent interacting with patients corrected for EHR use (26.9% of time in a patient's presence), 6.8% was spent calling, and 28.1% was spent on other activities. Major themes of discontent were a spread of patient information, high and often repeated documentation burden, poor integration of (new) information into workflow, limits in information exchange, and the impact of such problems on patient interaction. Physicians stated limited means to address such issues at the point of care.

Conclusion In the study hospital, over one-third of physicians' time was spent interacting with the EHR, environment, with many aspects of used systems far from optimal and no convenient way for physicians to address issues as they occur at the point of care. A tool facilitating easier identification and registration of issues, as they occur, may aid in generating a more complete overview of limitations in the EHR environment.
Association between Western Australian children’s unplanned dental presentations and the socioeconomic status of their residential area
Authors: Aminian Parmis , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc
Published: December 2021

Objective This study investigated the link between socioeconomic status and unplanned dental presentations at the Perth Children’s Hospital (PCH), as well as the link between the socioeconomic status of unplanned dental patients and any previous admissions to the PCH. Methods Records of 351 unplanned visits to the PCH were collected, including reason for attendance (infection, trauma, other), the patient’s residential location (suburb) and the history of any previous presentations at the PCH. The socioeconomic status of each patient was based on the Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage, divided into quintiles. Geographic information systems (GIS) were used to spatially map the residential locations of the patients with unplanned dental presentations. QGIS was used to map and geocode the data. Analysis of variance and Chi-squared tests were used to determine associations between subgroups and other variables. Results ‘Unplanned dental presentation’ in this study refers to patients who present without an appointment, including by referral from the emergency department of the PCH or outside the PCH. Approximately two-thirds of unplanned dental presentation among patients from low socioeconomic groups were for dental infection, whereas the major reason for presentation among patients from higher socioeconomic groups was trauma. More than half the patients in low socioeconomic groups had at least one previous presentation at the PCH due to other medical issues. Conclusion Children from low socioeconomic groups, or from outside of Perth, were more likely to present with dental infections, which are mostly preventable at the primary care level; these patients often presented a more significant burden to the health system. Public health interventions should aim to promote preventive oral health care, especially for children from low socioeconomic groups. What is known about the topic? In Western Australia, the most common dental problems requiring hospitalisation among children is dental caries, and children from the lowest socioeconomic backgrounds have the highest prevalence of dental hospitalisations. What does this paper add? Children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were more likely to have an unplanned presentation at the only tertiary children’s hospital in Western Australia due to dental infection. What are the implications for practitioners? Improved access to public dental services, especially in low socioeconomic areas, and the development of more strategies to reduce unplanned dental presentations at a tertiary hospital are needed.
Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition – Australia: people and circumstances shaping this symposium’s successful first 50 years
Authors: Nolan John V.
Published: December 2021

The symposium ‘Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition – Australia’ (RA) was instigated at the University of New England (UNE) in the early 1970s. In the 1950s and 1960s, under the visionary leadership of Professor G. L. (Bill) McClymont, a talented group of young biochemists and nutritionists was recruited to become the Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition at UNE and quickly developed a strong reputation for nutritional research on ruminant and monogastric animals. Its members were keen to share their findings with relevant industry representatives and to learn about the major industry challenges. The idea for RA emerged ~1970 when Drs Robin Cumming and David Farrell saw the opportunity for regular RA schools, bringing invited experts from Australia or overseas to interact with UNE staff, post-graduate students and representatives of the monogastric and ruminant livestock industries. The first RA school was probably held in 1974. Aided by flexible working arrangements at UNE, David Farrell was able to champion further RA meetings that were held successfully about every 2 years. However, ~1990, the federal Education Minister John Dawkins began a process of amalgamating Australian higher-education institutions that produced detrimental administrative and financial ramifications for UNE and drained staff morale. After the 1993 meeting, Professor David Farrell left UNE, followed soon afterwards by Professor Ron Leng. The future of RA was at a crossroads; its funding and organisation needed overhauling to enable it to survive. A second, more formal phase of RA meetings (13 in all; 1995–2021), was instigated within a newly formed Department of Animal Science at UNE. The meetings became more formalised and even more financially dependent on industry support and sponsorship; meetings were planned by larger organising committees. Soon, papers were being formally refereed and the scope for provocative speculation of the type promoted at earlier meetings was somewhat curtailed in favour of scientific rigour. Organisers experimented with changed meeting dates, formats and venues at UNE, cumulating with a contentious decision to hold this meeting away from UNE. Despite its challenges, RA has grown in stature over 47 years from the small, informal schools of the early 1970s, to become Australia’s leading animal nutrition symposium.
Health-care-seeking behaviours of the Japanese lay public during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kitazawa Kyoko , Tokuda Yasuharu , Koizumi Shunzo
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Owing to a decrease in visits to health-care facilities due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the health-care-seeking behaviour of the Japanese lay public has yet to be adequately clarified. AIM To explore health-care-seeking behaviour of the Japanese lay public during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. METHODS We conducted a web-based questionnaire survey in September 2020 to enquire about visits to health-care facilities for disease treatment and preventive services (health check-ups or cancer screening tests) during two periods: mid-February to May 2020 and from June to September 2020. Survey respondents were selected from people who voluntarily registered with a Japanese consumer research company, excluding health-care workers. Respondents’ residence and sex were adjusted to represent the Japanese population. Survey results were aggregated after anonymizing respondents’ personal information. RESULTS In total, 2137 people responded to the survey. The proportion of respondents who avoided new and follow-up visits to health-care facilities were 31.1% and 25.0%, respectively, in the first period and 19.1% and 12.5%, respectively, in the second period. In both periods, dentistry and general medicine were the most avoided health-care sites. Trying to avoid infection was the main motivation for this behaviour. Nearly half of respondents stated that they would not visit health facilities after the COVID-19 infection became controlled. DISCUSSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Japanese lay public indicated that they would avoid new and follow-up visits to health-care facilities. The highlighted changes in health-care-seeking behaviour may be long-term, even after COVID-19 is under control.
Age- and sex-dependent vigilance behaviour modifies social structure of hunted wild boar populations
Authors: Davidson Achiad , Shanas Uri , Malkinson Dan
Published: December 2021

Abstract Context Human activities in general, and hunting in particular, often have significant impacts on the behaviour of wildlife through the anti-predator behaviours they evoke. Wild boar populations are rapidly expanding worldwide and their population densities are increasing. Aims To examine hunting effects in combination with different land-use factors on the behaviour and social structure of wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Israel. Specifically, to examine differences in vigilant behaviour and social structure in agricultural areas (hunting permitted) and nature reserves (hunting prohibited). Methods Motion-triggered cameras were installed to record wild boars’ social structure and vigilance behaviour along movement trails. Age and sex of individual wild boars were identified, as were the size and structure of their social groups, and hunting in each of the studied areas was quantified. Key results Results indicated significant differences in the vigilance behaviour of wild boars between agricultural areas and nature reserves. In agricultural areas, adult females were significantly more vigilant (P < 0.001) compared with adult males (P = 0.150). Additionally, in these areas there were significantly more adult males and fewer females leading family groups (P < 0.001). Furthermore, male yearlings were significantly more vigilant in agricultural areas (P < 0.001) compared with female yearlings (P = 0.164). Male yearlings tended to roam significantly more with family groups in agricultural areas compared with nature reserves, where they tended to roam alone or in groups (P = 0.029, P = 0.035). Conclusions These results indicate social and behavioural differences in wild boars between agricultural areas and nature reserves, suggesting that hunting may have a substantial impact on their social structure and behaviour. Implications Overall, the findings support the behavioural and social consequences of human hunting. Long-term implications of altered behavioural and social responses should be considered in management and conservations strategies. For instance, the high proportion of male yearlings in family groups in agricultural areas in autumn (October–December, mating season) may offer young males early access to reproductive females, even within the same social group. This may eventually lead to an increase in the reproductive potential of female wild boars.
Animal welfare outcomes of helicopter-based shooting of deer in Australia
Authors: Hampton Jordan O. , Bengsen Andrew J. , Pople Anthony , Brennan Michael , Leeson Mal , Forsyth David M.
Published: December 2021

Abstract Context Helicopter-based shooting has been widely used to kill deer in Australasia, but the animal welfare outcomes of this technique have not been evaluated. Aim To assess the animal welfare outcomes of helicopter-based shooting of deer in Australia by quantifying the fates of deer seen and shot at, the duration of procedures and the number and location of bullet wounds in deer. Methods Three deer control operations were assessed. These operations targeted: (1) chital deer (Axis axis) in Queensland, (2) fallow deer (Dama dama) in Australian Capital Territory and (3) fallow deer in New South Wales. For each operation, an independent veterinarian conducted ante-mortem (i.e. from the helicopter as shooting occurred) and post-mortem (i.e. from the ground after shooting had ceased) observations. The ante-mortem data were used to estimate the proportion of deer seen that were shot, chase time (CT), time to insensibility (TTI) and total time (TT; CT + TTI). The numbers and locations of bullet wounds were recorded post-mortem. Key results Ante-mortem and post-mortem observations were performed for 114–318 and 60–105 deer, respectively, in the three operations. Shots were fired at 69–76% of deer that were observed. Median CT ranged from 73 to 145 s. Median TTI ranged from 17 to 37 s and median TT ranged from 109 to 162 s. The mean number of bullet wounds per deer ranged from 1.43 to 2.57. Animal welfare outcomes were better in the two fallow deer operations than in the chital deer operation. In both fallow deer operations, most deer were shot multiple times and at least once in the head or thorax. In contrast, chital deer were shot fewer times and less often in the head or thorax, and non-fatal wounding was observed. Conclusions The best animal welfare outcomes were achieved when helicopter-based shooting operations followed a fly-back procedure and mandated that multiple shots were fired into each animal. Implications Animal welfare outcomes for helicopter-based deer shooting in Australia could be improved with a national-level standard operating procedure requiring helicopters to fly back over shot animals and repeatedly shoot animals in the head or thorax.
Environmental control of marine phytoplankton stoichiometry in the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Sauterey Boris , Ward Ben A.
Published: December 2021

Significance

As they grow, die, and sink into the ocean’s interior, oceanic phytoplankton drive the so-called biological carbon pump, one of the main biological processes regulating atmospheric carbon concentrations. The biological carbon pump is, therefore, key to climate regulation. Its efficiency is largely determined by the coupling of marine biology to ocean geochemistry through the C:N:P:Fe stoichiometry of phytoplankton biomass, yet what determines this stoichiometry remains poorly understood. Based on a model of plankton biology, we characterize control mechanisms of the C:N ratio of phytoplankton biomass in the North Atlantic, which explain extensive sets of apparently conflicting observations. These findings could improve the predictive ability of global ocean models regarding climate change and the role of marine biology in its mitigation/aggravation.
Stylistic variation in email
Authors: Brown David West , Laudenbach Michael
Published: December 2021

This study explores how email is partly shaped by writers’ positions within a corporate structure. This stylistic variation is measurable at scale and can be described by messages’ rhetorical organizations and orientations. The modeling was carried out on a subset of the Enron email corpus, which was processed using the dictionary-based tagger DocuScope. The results identify four stylistic variants (Trained/Technical Support, Decision-Making, Everyday Workplace Interaction, and Engaged Planning), each realizing distinctive combinations of features reflective of their communicative functions. In Trained/Technical Support emails, for example, constellations of words and phrases associated with informational production and facilitation are marshaled in fulfilling routine guidance-seeking and guidance-giving tasks. While writers’ positions motivate stylistic tendencies (e.g., members of upper-level management compose a majority of their messages in the Decision-Making style), all writers avail themselves of a variety of styles, depending on audience and purpose, suggesting that learners might benefit from developing adaptable communicative repertoires.
Characterization of the palladium plasma produced by nanosecond pulsed 532 nm and 1064 nm wavelength lasers
Authors: Asif M , Amin U , Rehman Z U , Ali R , Qayyum H
Published: December 2021

Palladium plasma produced by nanosecond pulsed 532 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths lasers is studied with the help of planer Langmuir probe. The experiment is conducted over a wide range of the laser fluence (1.6–40 J cm−2). The measured time of flight ions distributions are used to infer total charge, kinetic energy of the palladium ions and plasma parameters. Our results indicate that the ion charge produced by both laser wavelengths is an increasing function of the laser fluence. Initially, the ion charge produced by 1064 nm is lower than 532 nm, but it increases at much faster rate with the rise of laser fluence as the inverse bremsstrahlung plasma heating prevails at higher plasma densities. The most probable kinetic energy of the Pd ions produced by 1064 nm wavelength is also lower than that of 532 nm. The time varying plasma electron temperature and electron density are derived from the current–voltage plots of the two plasmas. For both wavelengths, the electron temperature and electron density rapidly climb to a maximum value and then gradually decline with time. However, in case of the 532 nm, the electron temperature and electron density remain consistently high throughout the laser plasma. The results are compared the available literature and discussed by considering surface reflectivity, ablation rate of the Pd target and laser plasma heating. The results presented in this work will provide more insight into the process of laser ablation and can be useful for the development of laser-plasma ion sources.
Optimization of the dynamic transition in the continuous coloring problem
Authors: Cavaliere Angelo Giorgio , Lesieur Thibault , Ricci-Tersenghi Federico
Published: December 2021

Random constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) can exhibit a phase where the number of constraints per variable α makes the system solvable in theory on the one hand, but also makes the search for a solution hard, meaning that common algorithms such as Monte Carlo (MC) method fail to find a solution. The onset of this hardness is deeply linked to the appearance of a dynamical phase transition where the phase space of the problem breaks into an exponential number of clusters. The exact position of this dynamical phase transition is not universal with respect to the details of the Hamiltonian one chooses to represent a given problem. In this paper, we develop some theoretical tools in order to find a systematic way to build a Hamiltonian that maximizes the dynamic α
d threshold. To illustrate our techniques, we will concentrate on the problem of continuous coloring, where one tries to set an angle x

i
∈ [0; 2π] on each node of a network in such a way that no adjacent nodes are closer than some threshold angle θ, that is cos(x

i
− x

j
)⩽ cos θ. This problem can be both seen as a continuous version of the discrete graph coloring problem or as a one-dimensional version of the Mari–Krzakala–Kurchan model. The relevance of this model stems from the fact that continuous CSPs on sparse random graphs remain largely unexplored in statistical physics. We show that for sufficiently small angle θ this model presents a random first order transition and compute the dynamical, condensation and Kesten–Stigum transitions; we also compare the analytical predictions with MC simulations for values of θ = 2π/q,

q
∈
N

. Choosing such values of q allows us to easily compare our results with the renowned problem of discrete coloring.
The self-adaptive routing strategy to alleviate packet loss in finite buffer networks
Authors: Wu Qing , Liu Qing-Yang , Ling Xiang , Zhang Li-Jun
Published: December 2021

In real communication or transportation systems, loss of agents is very common due to finite storage capacity. We study the traffic dynamics in finite buffer networks and propose a routing strategy motivated by a heuristic algorithm to alleviate packet loss. Under this routing strategy, the traffic capacity is further improved, comparing to the shortest path routing strategy and efficient routing strategy. Then we investigate the effect of this routing strategy on the betweenness of nodes. Through dynamic routing changes, the maximum node betweenness of the network is greatly reduced, and the final betweenness of each node is almost the same. Therefore, the routing strategy proposed in this paper can balance the node load, thereby effectively alleviating packet loss.
Generating stochastic trajectories with global dynamical constraints
Authors: De Bruyne Benjamin , Majumdar Satya N , Orland Henri , Schehr Grégory
Published: December 2021

We propose a method to exactly generate Brownian paths x

c
(t) that are constrained to return to the origin at some future time t

f
, with a given fixed area

A

f

=

∫

0

t

f

d
t

x

c

(

t

)

under their trajectory. We derive an exact effective Langevin equation with an effective force that accounts for the constraint. In addition, we develop the corresponding approach for discrete-time random walks, with arbitrary jump distributions including Lévy flights, for which we obtain an effective jump distribution that encodes the constraint. Finally, we generalise our method to other types of dynamical constraints such as a fixed occupation time on the positive axis

T

f

=

∫

0

t

f

d
t

Θ

x

c

(

t

)

or a fixed generalised quadratic area

A

f

=

∫

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Present Situation and Prospect of Welding Simulation Technology
Authors: Wang Zhi Ling
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we mainly introduce the research status and development trend of welding numerical simulation technology. It is mainly reviewed that the simulation of molten pool flow field, welding temperature field and mechanical field, welding deformation and residual stress, hydrogen diffusion analysis, carbon migration of dissimilar steel welded joints, special welding process, microstructure of welded joints and grain growth process of welding heat affected zone. Then we discuss the special welding process simulation technology and special software for welding simulation. Finally, the development of welding numerical simulation technology in China are concerned.
Robust Control Design for Kaplan Turbine
Authors: Acevedo Hernando González
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the dynamic model of a Kaplan turbine coupled to a DC generator, which is part of the H112D didactic system. A robust controller is designed using two different techniques: H
∞ mixed sensitivity and Quantitative feedback Theory (QFT). The robustness of the controller was analysed with three indicators: analysis of parameter uncertainties, transient response given a variable reference signal and robustness against disturbances.
Performance verification of heavy-duty motorcycles adjusting intake and exhaust timing
Authors: Dai Zih-Chun
Published: December 2021

Heavy-duty locomotives with large exhaust vehicles have become a common means of transportation for Taiwanese. However, for car owners to increase power output, improve efficiency, and reduce fuel use, the original factory has designed demand settings for cost, environmental protection, and regulations. This leads to the sacrifice of the performance of the original car design, so the RC2 Super ECU is used to replace the original injection computer, and the air-fuel ratio, ignition angle and exhaust pipe are modified. Without the need to change the structure of the heavy locomotive, the horsepower of the heavy locomotive is improved. It is pointed out that the modification of these three original factory settings has greatly improved the overall speed performance of the heavy-duty locomotive horsepower. Therefore, it is proposed that “heavy locomotive performance verification by changing the timing of intake and exhaust” is mainly to verify the performance benefits and performance brought about by modifying the air-fuel ratio, ignition angle and exhaust pipe.
Analysis and Research on Ice Storage and Water Storage Air Conditioning System of an Electric Power Building
Authors: He M L , Hu Y Q , Zhang M M , Wu Y X , Zhang W J
Published: December 2021

The air conditioning system of ice storage and water storage has been applied in many practical projects. This paper introduces the air conditioning system form of Fuyang Electric Power Dispatching Building. The design condition of cold and heat sources and its transmission and distribution system is also introduced. In addition, this paper also collects and analyses the data of the chillers in actual operation. The results show that the system runs steadily and accords with the design conditions.
Evaluating spatial variability of subsurface carbon stock and free-phase gas using ground-penetrating radar and direct measurements in coastal landforms of South-West Indian peatlands
Authors: Devi K , Sharma Shashank , Nair Rajesh
Published: December 2021

Organic rich soils (peat) store significant amount of global soil carbon (C) in the form of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Peat soils act as sinks and are a source of greenhouse gases (GHG) which occur in the form of Free Phase Gas in coastal landforms. South-West India has an extensive wetland system and is the primary source of GHG emissions, and CH4, in particular, has high potential to contribute to global climate change. In this scenario, this study sheds light on how SW Indian peatlands contribute to the global carbon cycle. The soil C stock and GHG spatial distribution in three distinct topographic coastal landforms within the peatland region were investigated: site 1, Muthukulam in the wetland boundary; site 2, Ramapuram in the paleo-sand ridge, and site 3, Eruva in the paleo-drainage channel. The combination of non-destructive Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and direct measurement (coring) in conjunction with the C core analysis helped in building the relationship between the GHG storage in the landforms of varying C stocks. Moreover, Common offset GPR has the ability to image subsurface features, lithological boundaries, coastal landforms, and peat-forming environments. The result from this study depicts the importance of different landforms in the storage of C and GHG in SW Indian peatlands.
Design of an unmanned aerial vehicle survey system based on embedded 3D machine vision imaging perception
Authors: He Wenjian , Yu Yecheng , Yu Yucheng , Wang Zexiang , Wan Zhiping , Xu Zhiming
Published: December 2021

At present, the application of UAV in urban planning and construction is mainly manifested in urban planning survey, urban illegal building supervision and environmental monitoring of urban construction projects. Secondly, based on embedded technology can be managed by multiple users, you can run multiple processes program, open and run the code, the system powerful, which makes it to be able to do many tasks in the field of, and running is stable, many developers will be able to enjoy its source code publicly, relative to other real-time operating system has the absolute advantage.
An Evaluation on Diverse Machine Learning Algorithms for Hourly Univariate Wind Power Prediction in the Arctic
Authors: Chen Hao , Birkelund Yngve
Published: December 2021

Wind power forecasting is crucial for wind power systems, grid load balance, maintenance, and grid operation optimization. The utilization of wind energy in the Arctic regions helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions in this environmentally vulnerable area. In the present study, eight various models, seven of which are representative machine learning algorithms, are used to make 1, 2, and 3 step hourly wind power predictions for five wind parks inside the Norwegian Arctic regions, and their performance is compared. Consequently, we recommend the persistence model, multilayer perceptron, and support vector regression for univariate time-series wind power forecasting within the time horizon of 3 hours.
Indoor and outdoor positioning system for Beidou fusion 5G
Authors: Zou Jiajun , Ni Weichuan , Liu Shaojiang , Wan Zhiping , He Guiyue , Xu Zhiming
Published: December 2021

Recently, my country’s Beidou-3 satellite system has successfully networked, and the application of the Beidou-3 satellite system will become the trend of social development in the future. In the complex environment of multi-path interference in the indoor diplomatic area, the Beidou system will often be interfered by various errors in the calculation, which leads to the limitation of the positioning accuracy of the Beidou system. This paper proposes that 5G fusion Beidou for indoor and outdoor positioning can effectively solve the problems of interference affecting accuracy in the indoor and foreign circles, and make the positioning accuracy reach the sub-meter level.
Analysis of application development needs and discussion on the platform architecture of the Internet of Things
Authors: Zhu Dewei , Zhong Qingxuan , Zhang Jiabin , Xu Zhiming
Published: December 2021

To improve the development efficiency of Internet of Things applications and meet the needs of innovative projects. In this paper, two methods are used to analyze the application development requirements of the Internet of Things, namely, modularization analysis and development characteristics analysis. In modular analysis, development objectives are divided into a series of modules with strong robustness based on the functional requirements in the project. In the analysis of development characteristics, development suggestions are put forward according to the difference of development characteristics between the node side and server-side of the Internet of Things. After the analysis, specific suggestions for the application development of the Internet of Things are put forward, including the simple selection of the hardware of the Internet of Things node, an architecture scheme of the Internet of Things platform, and the application scenarios are discussed.
Evaluation of active power in dielectric barrier discharge with pulse power supply
Authors: Taran A. , Lozina A. , Garkusha I. , Taran V. , Krasnyj V. , Gnidenko Y. , Vorontsov P. , Starikov V. , G Mamalis A.
Published: December 2021

The paper describes a practical method for real-time
measurement of active power in a dielectric barrier discharge by
calculating a Lissajous figures based on the Manley formula. Such a
method is very useful for controlling the output ozone concentration
in ozone generators taking into account the active power in a DBD
reactor. A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in atmospheric
pressure air was excited by a high-voltage pulse power supply. The
active power of the reactor was estimated from the area of the
Lissajous figure formed by the V-Q traces, which is directly
proportional to the energy consumed per cycle at voltages of 8 and
12 kV, respectively.