bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women’s work orientations: a study of young women without dependent children
Authors: James Laura
Published: April 2014

This article explores women’s work orientations, and how these vary between social classes. Empirically it focuses on women who do not (yet) have dependent children. The first part of the article reviews debates about women’s work orientations, including the extent to which women’s labour market behaviour is shaped purely by individual preferences or structural constraints. It then examines the factors that influence the development and expression of work orientations. The second part of the article explores the work orientations of 20 young white women aged 20-30, living in the city of Oxford in the UK. Analysis of in-depth interviews with these young women indicate a range of attitudes towards paid work, which varied between social classes. While women in professional/managerial occupations were more likely to value intellectual stimulation and the intrinsic nature of the work they did, women in routine/manual occupations emphasised the importance of financial reward, routine and social interaction.
What is the future of social work?
Authors: Reisch Michael
Published: April 2014

During the past three decades, the ascendant neoliberal paradigm has produced an unprecedented centralisation of wealth and power and the institutionalisation of a market-oriented philosophy throughout the world. Its underlying values have transformed the basic tenets of social work practice and undermined the profession’s ethical foundation. It has promoted scientific, empiricist ‘objectivity’ as the principal criterion for respected scholarship and an ahistorical orientation to human problems, and compelled social workers to revise their relationship to the state, the market, service users and the community. In this context, it would be easy to predict a dismal future for social work, as some scholars have done recently. Instead of projecting a dystopian view of social work’s future, however, this article presents a more hopeful alternative. It argues that while social workers must be rigorous in their analysis of emerging societal problems and relentless in their efforts to link these problems to their structural and institutional roots, they must also maintain a sense of possibility based on an awareness of history and appreciation of the collective human capacity to create change.
Crisis, austerity and the future(s) of social work in the UK
Authors: Ferguson Iain , Lavalette Michael
Published: April 2014

In response to the current global crisis of capitalism, the Conservative/Liberal Democrat coalition government in the United Kingdom has imposed a policy of ‘austerity’, which seeks to shift the costs of that crisis onto the poorest sections of the population while seeking also to undermine the post-war welfare settlement. This article will explore the implications of that restructuring of welfare for social work. Even before the onset of the crisis, however, there was considerable dissatisfaction, both governmental and professional, with the forms of social work that had developed since the market-led reforms of the early 1990s. The article will critically assess official responses to that dissatisfaction before exploring more radical responses, including the need for a new collectivism in social work theory and practice.
Targeting the ‘hard to reach’: re/producing stigma?
Authors: Duvnjak Angella , Fraser Heather
Published: April 2014

Social service providers, policy makers and researchers are increasingly ‘targeting the hard to reach’. Ostensibly, targeting the hard to reach appears to be an innocuous and logical, if not laudable goal. From a critical social work perspective, however, it may be seen to pose some hazardous possibilities for oppressed and stigmatised groups, particularly in the context of welfare austerity. Our discussion responds to, and is organised by, five key questions: (1) How do we understand critical social work and welfare austerity? (2) Who usually gets constituted as hard to reach? (3) Why target hard-to-reach groups? (4) What hazardous possibilities may occur in the process of targeting? and (5) How might critical social workers engage and support the hard to reach without re/producing stigma?
(Against) Neoliberal social work
Authors: Harris John
Published: April 2014

Neoliberalism asserts that it is applicable in domains beyond private sector business. With regard to social work it has three main propositions that it sees as the key to social work’s transformation and three processes that correspond to them: markets are efficient and effective (marketisation); individuals should be responsible for themselves and run their own lives (consumerisation); and the private sector can supply management knowledge and techniques to the public and voluntary sectors (managerialisation). The extent to which these processes have taken hold and the precise combinations in which they appear vary but they constitute a direction of travel in many countries. In this article each process is considered in turn with regard to its impact on social work.
‘Everyone is blaming us!’ Conceptualising current anti-Roma racism in Europe and its necessary implications for anti-racist social work
Authors: Urh Špela Humljan
Published: April 2014

Racism was and has remained a key determining element of the life experiences and life chances of Roma people all around Europe. The author provides some examples of current and past anti-Roma racism and analyses how and why the Roma ethnic minority face such racism. Despite many international declarations, European Union legislation, programmes and initiatives to protect the Roma against racism, racism still continues. Across Europe, the Roma are suffering increasing intolerance and hostility, scapegoating, and growing xenophobia. In the field of social work, many critical theoreticians argue that social work education and training have been slow to acknowledge racism in everyday life. This article presents the evidence of growing anti-Roma racism in order to encourage practitioners in the field of social work, students of social work, and social work scholars and researchers to include anti-Roma racism in our theories, practices and research agendas informed by anti-racist social work.
Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition and its potential for aligning social work with social justice
Authors: Rossiter Amy
Published: April 2014

This article concerns Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition and its application to social work. It contends that recognition theory allows social work to situate its values in a direct and practical relationship to social justice. Honneth holds that identities are socially acquired and thus identity is a matter of justice because the acquisition of self-confidence, self-respect and self-esteem is the foundation of autonomy and agency. Honneth is particularly useful for social work because he rejects the liberal conception of human subjects as independent and self-determining, arguing that the inevitable dependence on others for identity formation renders people vulnerable to recognition. This vulnerability of identity substantiates Honneth’s claim that justice must be concerned with the social conditions of identity formation. An under-theorised aspect of recognition theory is the power dynamics of identity and difference in relation to recognition demands. William Connolly’s work on identity and difference describes the struggle for recognition as the perpetuation of domination and oppression through the power relations of identity formation. Two social work examples illustrate recognition theory’s potential contribution to theorising social work as justice work.
Fear and the musical avant-garde in games: Interviews with Jason Graves, Garry Schyman, Paul Gorman and Michael Kamper
Authors: Mitchell Helen R.
Published: April 2014

If you have ever experienced the cold chill of fear when watching a film or playing a video or computer game, it is highly probable that your responses have been manipulated by composers exploiting the musical resources of modernism, experimental music and the avant-garde. Depictions of fear, horror, amorality, evil and so on, have come to be associated with these sound worlds, particularly within the realm of popular culture. A number of game titles and franchises have emerged in recent years, which exploit these musical associations, exploring their creative potential as vehicles of fear and horror within the context of interactive game-play. Two composers associated with this approach are Jason Graves (Dead Space franchise) and Garry Schyman (Bioshock franchise, Dante’s Inferno). This article explores perceived links between avant-garde music (as defined in ‘populist’ rather than musicological or historical terms, as a ‘catch-all’ phrase for twentieth-century music exploiting experimental techniques, modernism and atonality) and depictions of horror and fear through interviews with Graves and Schyman. Further questions are posed to Paul Gorman (audio director – Dante’s Inferno) and Michael Kamper (audio director – Bioshock 2) to contextualize the discussion by demonstrating the significant creative influence of audio directors in guiding the musical approach taken by game composers. The article would be of potential interest to anyone with an interest in game audio, commercial composition/composers, game development, creative collaboration, audio direction and the power of music to manipulate the emotions in association with visual media.
A mathematical model for stratification of LADA risk groups
Authors: Tikhonova Tatiana M.
Published: April 2014

Aim. To stratify risk groups via discriminant analysis based on the most clinically relevant indications of LADA onset derived from medical history.Materials and Methods. Present study included 141 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) of whom 65 had preliminary diagnosis of LADA, 40 patients were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and 36 ? with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Discriminant analysis was performed to evaluate the differences between the clinical onsets in study groups.Results. Aside from torpid onset with early evidence for insulin resistance, clinical characteristics of LADA included diagnosis during random examination, progressive loss of body mass, hyperglycemia greater than 14 mmol/L at the diagnosis and, possibly, ketonuria without history of acute ketoacidosis.Conclusion. Discriminant analysis is beneficial in stratifying risk groups for the development of LADA.
Genetic and cellular techniques emerge as promising modalities for the treatment of diabetic foot syndrome
Authors: Konenkov Vladimir Iosifovich , Klimontov Vadim Valerievich
Published: April 2014

Two patient groups potentially to benefit most from these novel methods are patients with critical lower limb ischemia (CLLI) in whom angiosurgery is not indicated, and patients with trophic ulcers resistant to conventional therapy. A series of clinical trials has shown positive effects of transferring VEGF, HIF-1, FGF, PDGF, HGF and certain other growth factor genes to stimulate blood vessel formation and healing of diabetic ulcers. Autologous transplantation of mononuclear bone marrow and peripheral blood cells, endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells and stromal cell of the adipose tissue has also demonstrated its clinical potential in patients with diabetes mellitus and CLLI. Randomized clinical trials report beneficial effects of gene and cell therapy on such surrogate endpoints as ischemic index, rest pain and ulcer healing, though data on amputation rates is controversial. Further studies are necessary to determine optimal dosage and route of administration of biological agents and predictors of their efficacy, as well as long-term safety of these novel treatment modalities.
Comparative evaluation of several parameters of glycemic homeostasis in patients with functional pituitary adenomas
Authors: Mikityuk Miroslava Rostislavovna , Khizhnyak Oksana Olegovna , Sulima Tatiana Ninelovna
Published: April 2014

Aim. To investigate glycemic homeostasis in patients with acromegaly and hyperprolactinaemia due to functional pituitary adenoma. Materials and Methods. We enrolled 48 patients with somatotropinoma (Group 1), 19 patients with somatomammotropinoma (Group 2) and 24 patients with prolactinoma (Group 3) with no history of glycemic disorders. Median age was 48.63?9.98 years; median disease duration was 13.1?6.9 years. The comparison group was composed of overweight or obese patients (n=75). We conducted a comparative analysis of glycemic parameters (Glc0, immunoreactive insulin, HOMA2_S%, HOMA2_B% и HOMA2_IR, Ssum and S under isolated segments of the glycemic curve). We also tested their correlation with plasma levels of growth hormone, prolactin and IGF-1. Results. We detected hyperinsulinemia (>20 ?U/mL) in 35.1% of participants from Group 1, 33.3% and 25% from groups 2 and 3, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between glycemic parameters of the study groups, though patients were mildly insulin resistant (HOMA2_IR 1.88 to 2.38 units) independantly from tumour secretory activity. Groups 1 and 2 were characterized by significantly higher fasting blood glucose levels vs. comparison group (though still within the reference values), and glucose homeostasis was maintained with lower activity of pancreatic ?-cells. Average Ssumanalysis showed lower glucose tolerance in groups 1 and 2 vs. Group 3. Median S values under isolated glycemic curve segments were significantly higher than in comparison group. Plasma levels of growth hormone did not correlate with Ssum and S parameters in groups 1 and 2. There was a linear correlation between Ssum and plasma IGF-1 levels in patients from Group 1 (r=0.45; p=0.006). We also noted that Ssum had a non-linear correlation with plasma prolactin levels in patients from Group 3 (r=0.41; p
Optimizing screening procedures for early detection of glycemic disorders
Authors: Misnikova Inna Vladimirovna , Dreval Alexander Vasil'evich , Kovaleva Yulia Alexandrovna , Gubkina Valeria Alekseevna , Lakeeva Tatiana Sergeevna
Published: April 2014

Aim. To estimate the actual prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes in individuals at high risk for T2DM and to develop an optimized stepwise screening procedure. Materials and Methods. A mobile diagnostic unit conducted outpatient screening for glycemic disorders. First stage of the survey included distribution of the FINDRISK questionnaire within the target subpopulation. At the second stage, study groups were formed based on the acquired data. Third stage involved clinical evaluation of glucose homeostasis by testing HbA1c levels and performing oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Individuals considered at high risk for development of T2DM were referred to specialized educational programs. A total of 2200 subjects were included in the present survey. In 1377 cases OGTT was supplemented with the testing of HbA1c. Statistical processing of the data was performed with Microsoft Excel software utility. Results. The interpretation of OGTT results identified 53.5% (n=1176) of study subjects as positive for glycemic disorders: 26.7% (n=587) with T2DM and 26.8% (n=589) with prediabetes, respectively. Impaired glucose tolerance was detected in 12.1% (n=266), impaired fasting glucose ? in 9.1% (n=199), and the combination of these two conditions ? in 5.6% (n=124) of examined individuals, respectively. In 235 subjects (17.1%) T2DM was diagnosed by means of HbA1c testing. 45% of examined individuals (n=620) had HbA1c
Clinical implementetion of vildagliptin: data from recent studies comparing incretin-based medications
Authors: Biryukova Elena Valer'evna
Published: April 2014

The introduction of DPP-4 inhibitors substantially increased therapeutic options for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The unique mechanism of action allows using these agents both as monotherapy and in combination with conventional anti-diabetes drugs. Evidence base for efficacy and safety of DPP-4 inhibitors deepens every year, but to date only a few studies addressed direct comparison between individual agents within this pharmacological class. Current article presents data from the studies comparing vildagliptin with other DPP-4 inhibitors, as well as GLP-1 agonists.
Comments to: ?Type 2 diabetes mellitus ? time to change the concept?
Authors: Udovichenko Oleg Viktorovich
Published: April 2014

Authors of the paper ?Diabetes mellitus ? time to change the concept? (Diabetes Mellitus, 2013; №1: 91) address weight-reduction treatment modalities (including bariatric surgery) as the pivotal approach to type 2 diabetes management. While acknowledging the importance of weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), this short letter aims to advise the endocrinology community against viewing bariatric surgery as the ultimate solution of all challenges of T2DM.
Achievement at whose expense? A literature review of test-based grade retention policies in U.S. school
Authors: Huddleston Andrew Prescott
Published: April 2014

The author uses Maxwell’s method of literature reviews for educational research to focus on literature relevant to test-based grade retention policies to make the following argument: although some studies have documented average gains in academic achievement through test-based grade retention, there is increasing evidence that these gains have occurred by limiting the educational opportunities for the most vulnerable of students. The author begins by briefly synthesizing research on high-stakes testing policies and teacher-based retention in general and then examines studies that have evaluated specific test-based retention policies in Chicago, Florida, New York City, Georgia, Texas, Wisconsin, and Louisiana. Drawing on Bourdieu and Passeron’s concept of reproduction in education, the author shows how testing policies have contributed to class selection and exclusion in U.S. schools. Short-term gains produced by test-based retention policies fade over time with students again falling behind but with a larger likelihood of dropping out of school. These unintended consequences are most prevalent among ethnic minority and impoverished students. The author concludes by providing alternatives for ending social promotion that do not include grade retention as well as suggestions for further researching the role such policies play in perpetuating class inequities.
Modellgestützter Entwurf Cloud-basierter Cyber-physischer Systeme (CCPS) / Model-Driven Software Design of Cloud-based Cyber-Physical Systems (CCPS)
Authors: Dell Johannes , Greiner Thomas , Rosenstiel Wolfgang
Published: April 2014

In diesem Beitrag werden der Entwurf und die Realisierung Cloud-basierter Cyber-physischer Systeme (CCPS) für automatisierungstechnische Aufgabenstellungen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Die Verwendung und Bereitstellung von Services mittels Cloud Computing zur Datenspeicherung oder zur Nutzung skalierbarer Rechenleistung ist in vielerlei Hinsicht relevant. Hierzu wird eine modellgestützte Vorgehensweise vorgeschlagen, die eine parametrierbare Synthese der Systemarchitektur erlaubt. Als Anwendungsfälle werden zwei Szenarien zur kameragestützten Prozessüberwachung erörtert.
Claudia Lux baut Nationalbibliothek in Katar auf
Authors: Lux Claudia
Published: April 2014

Das Emirat Katar investiert viel in Bildung und Forschung und legt einen besonderen Schwerpunkt auf die Entwicklung der Informationsgesellschaft und somit auch auf den Aufbau einer modernen Nationalbibliothek. Die frühere Generaldirektorin der Zentral- und Landesbibliothek Berlin (ZLB), Claudia Lux, wechselte im April 2012 nach Katar und baut dort eine Nationalbibliothek mit Universitätsbibliothek und Metropolenbibliothek auf, die im Jahr 2015 eröffnen soll. Das vorliegende Interview
1

Der Bibliotheksdienst plant, neben Aufsätzen und Notizen zukünftig auch Interviews zu interessanten Themen zu veröffentlichen.

beschreibt die Entwicklungsschritte, die in diesem Prozess bereits erfolgt sind und die Herausforderung, die dieses Projekt darstellt.
R-groups, elliptic representations, and parameters for GSpin groups
Authors: Ban Dubravka , Goldberg David
Published: April 2014

We study parabolically induced representations for

GSpin
m

(
F
)

${\mathrm {GSpin}_m(F)}$

with F a p-adic field of characteristic zero. The Knapp–Stein R-groups are described
and shown to be elementary two groups. We show the associated cocycle is trivial proving multiplicity one for induced representations. We classify the elliptic tempered spectrum.
For

GSpin

2
n
+
1

(
F
)

${\mathrm {GSpin}_{2n+1}(F)}$

, we describe the Arthur (Endoscopic) R-group attached to Langlands parameters, and show these are isomorphic to the corresponding Knapp–Stein R-groups. This relies on a non-trivial equality of certain L-functions, and we give a direct proof of this equality. We also reduce the isomorphism, in the general case of split groups, to the maximal case.
Common Trends and Common Cycles in Oil Price and Real Exchange Rate
Authors: Basnet Hem C. , Vatsa Puneet , Sharma Subhash
Published: April 2014

This study explores the long- and short-run movement between oil prices and the real exchange rates of two large oil-exporting countries – Canada and Norway. Cointegration and serial correlation common features tests are jointly used to identify the long-term common trend and short-term common cycles. Our test results find that oil prices and the real exchange rates of the Canadian Dollar and the Norwegian Krone have two shared trends and one shared cycle. The trend–cycle decomposition shows a great deal of positive comovement among the trend and cyclical components. The two currencies show economic dynamics very similar to crude oil prices. They do not exhibit any qualitative differences in the trajectory of the trend and cycles when controlling for different crude oil prices. Our results indicate that oil price fluctuations play significant role in explaining the exchange rate movements of oil-exporting countries.
Motion-Based Game Interaction for Older Adults / Bewegungsbasierte Spielinteraktion für Senioren
Authors: Gerling Kathrin Maria
Published: April 2014

Bewegungsbasierte Videospiele für Senioren erfreuen sich immer größerer Beliebtheit, da sie eine geeignete Möglichkeit darstellen, ältere Menschen zu körperlicher Aktivität zu motivieren. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es wichtig zu gewährleisten, dass bewegungsbasierte Eingabegeräte für entsprechende Spiele leicht zugänglich sind, und dass Eingabeparadigmen kein Verletzungsrisiko für ältere Nutzer darstellen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über traditionelle und bewegungsbasierte Spielinteraktion für Senioren, und zeigt Möglichkeiten auf, wie es gebrechlichen älteren Menschen ermöglicht werden kann, ihren Körper in den Interaktionsprozess einzubringen. Weiterhin fasst dieser Artikel potentielle Anwendungsfälle für bewegungsbasierte Spielinteraktion für Senioren zusammen.
Virtuelle Lernumgebungen für Rollenspiele / Virtual Learning Environments for Role Play
Authors: Ziebarth Sabrina , Malzahn Nils , Hoppe H.Ulrich
Published: April 2014

Dieser Artikel fasst verschiedene Entwicklungen und Ergebnisse zum Einsatz von virtuellen Lernumgebungen in dialogzentrierten Szenarien mit definierten Rollenmustern zusammen. Hierbei wird ein Dialogpartner als Chatbot realisiert. Die Vorteile derart virtualisierter Rollenspiele liegen insbesondere bei der Nachbereitung und Reflexionsunterstützung durch strukturierte elektronische Aufzeichnungen unter Nutzung verschiedener Medien. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse zeigen allerdings, dass die zu erwartenden Mehrwerte durch eine 3D-Umgebung eher gering sind.
Gestaltung intuitiv benutzbarer Softwareanwendungen mit der IBIS Methode
Authors: Löffler Diana , Hess Anne , Hurtienne Jörn , Lange Kristin , Maier Andreas , Schmitt Hartmut
Published: April 2014

Ziel des Usability-Engineerings ist die benutzergerechte Analyse und Gestaltung von Produkten. Um eine intuitive Benutzung zu ermöglichen, müssen die Benutzeranforderungen analysiert und in die Benutzungsschnittstelle zwischen Mensch und Computer übersetzt werden. Hier besteht eine große Herausforderung darin, eine Vielzahl an Gestaltungsentscheidungen so zu treffen, dass das Designkonzept den Benutzeranforderungen und -erwartungen entspricht - und im besten Fall sogar durch innovative und kreative Benutzungsschnittstellen übertrifft. Dieser Beitrag stellt einen Ansatz vor, der es erlaubt, Benutzeranforderungen systematisch ins Design zu überführen, ohne dabei stark von der Erfahrung und den Fähigkeiten der Designer bzw. Entwickler abhängig zu sein. Weiterhin regt der Ansatz zur Gestaltung intuitiv benutzbarer, innovativer und kreativer Benutzungsschnittstellen an.
Verbesserung der Akzeptanz von Usability und User Experience im Unternehmen
Authors: Panzirsch Manuel
Published: April 2014

Eine der größten Herausforderungen im Arbeitsalltag von Inhouse Usability und User Experience Professionals ist oftmals die noch geringe Anerkennung ihrer Arbeit innerhalb des eigenen Unternehmens (siehe Branchenreport 2012, Diefenbach et al. 2012). Dies führt häufig zu Konflikten in der Zusammenarbeit mit den unterschiedlichen Stakeholdern. Die Ursachen hierfür sind meist verschieden, wie z. B. fehlende Usability-Prozesse oder das jeder Projektbeteiligte selber auch ein Nutzer ist und somit natürlich auch Input zu den entwickelten Bedienkonzepten geben möchte. Als Usability-Professional ist es daher hilfreich, diese Gründe zu kennen, um darauf einzugehen und konkrete Maßnahmen zu ergreifen. Basierend auf den Erfahrungen der User Experience Abteilung bei der STRATO AG beschreibt der vorliegende Artikel Möglichkeiten, auf diese Herausforderung aktiv einzugehen. Ausgehend von der Neugründung eines unternehmensinternen User Experience Teams werden konkrete Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Akzeptanz von Usability im Unternehmen geschildert. Den Abschluss des Beitrags bilden eine Reihe von allgemeinen Empfehlungen für den Arbeitsalltag von Usability Professionals.
Visualization on Interactive Surfaces: A Research Overview / Visualisierung auf interaktiven Oberflächen: Ein Forschungsüberblick
Authors: Isenberg Petra , Isenberg Tobias
Published: April 2014

We present a systematic overview of the state-of-the art in research at the intersection between interactive displays and visualization. Because the access to and analysis of information is becoming increasingly important anywhere and at any time, researchers have begun to investigate the role of interactive displays as data analysis platforms. Visualization applications play a crucial role in data analysis and development of dedicated systems and tools for small to large interactive displays to support such application contexts is underway. We contribute a systematic and quantitative assessment of the literature from ten different venues, an open repository of papers, and a code-set that can be used to categorize the research space.
Key to success: Using Zoomable UIs on Interactive Surfaces in Real-World Corporate Scenarios / Die Verwendung von ZUIs auf Interaktiven Oberflächen als Schlüssel zum Erfolg in realen Unternehmens-anwendungen
Authors: Gerken Jens , König Werner A. , Jetter Hans-Christian
Published: April 2014

Zoombare Benutzerschnittstellen (ZUIs) sind in der Mensch-Computer Interaktion eine gereifte Idee. Dennoch konnte sich bislang kein “reines” ZUI als Oberflächenkonzept durchsetzen. Was sich aber beobachten lässt, ist die Tatsache, dass heutige Tablets und Touch Geräte im allgemeinen sehr viele Facetten von ZUIs aufgreifen und integrieren. In diesem Artikel präsentieren wir mit smartPerform ein zoombares Präsentationstoolkit, welches basierend auf den Forschungsarbeiten an der Universität Konstanz im Zusammenhang mit ZUIs kommerziell entwickelt wurde. Anhand von “bestpractice” Beispielen unserer Kunden zeigen wir das Potential von ZUIs im Zusammenhang mit interaktiven Oberflächen auf, insbesondere auch im Kontext von Distributed-Display Environments.
Jenseits mobiler Anwendungen: Super-natural interaction und Spielzeuge
Authors: Wolter Sascha
Published: April 2014

Das Internet der Dinge ist schon jetzt allgegenwärtig und Apps beschränken sich nicht mehr auf traditionelle PCs und mobile Geräte. Eine SMS schickende Kuh, der Nachrichten austauschende Müllwagen und das telefonierende Projektmanagement-Werkzeug sind nur einige Beispiele. Sowohl industrielle Lösungen als auch Alltagsgegenstände werden immer interaktiver und vernetzter, so dass der Nutzer nicht mehr nur mit einem einzelnen Gerät interagiert, sondern sich inmitten einer interaktiven Umwelt bewegt. Unternehmen und Entwickler müssen sich dieser Herausforderungen stellen und unterschiedlichste Geräteformen, Interaktionsformen und Netzwerke miteinander kombinieren. Doch noch wichtiger ist es, überhaupt erst einmal neue Ideen und Szenarien für diese Anforderungen zu entwickeln. Hier sind Entwickler und Gestalter zentrale Innovationstreiber, weshalb viele Unternehmen ihre bestehenden Dienste möglichst entwicklerfreundlich und standardisiert als APIs öffnen.
Community and Commercial Strategies in Open Source Software / Gemeinschafts- und kommerzielle Strategien in der Open-Source-Softwarewelt
Authors: Wasserman Anthony I.
Published: April 2014

This paper describes the recent evolution of business strategies used by companies offering products and services based on free and open source software (FOSS). The primary focus is on companies that develop and release products under an open source license. The paper compares their practices with traditional proprietary software companies and with community-based open source projects, and identifies growing overlaps between the different kinds of software companies. Finally, the paper describes the likely impact of recent technology developments in mobile and cloud computing on open source software and related business.
Bildverbesserung in Unterwasser-Anwendungen / Image Enhancement for Underwater Applications
Authors: Stephan Thomas , Heizmann Michael
Published: April 2014

In natürlichen Gewässern sind Bildaufnahmen unter Wasser meist von schlechten Sichtverhältnissen geprägt. Um den Bildinhalt solcher Aufnahmen visuell auszuwerten, ist eine Bildrestauration notwendig. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept zur automatisierten Restauration von Unterwasser-Bildern vorgestellt. Das Konzept basiert auf einer Entfernungsschätzung auf Grundlage von Trübungshinweisen, einer anschließenden Farbrestauration, einem modellbasierten Dekonvolutionsansatz und einer abschließenden Bildfusion. Die Restauration basiert vollständig auf physikalischen Grundlagen und erfüllt damit Anforderungen an eine objektive Verbesserung des Bildinhaltes.
PRNU and DSNU Maximum Likelihood Estimation Using Sensor Statistics / PRNU- und DSNU-Maximum-Likelihood-Schätzung mit Hilfe der Sensorstatistik
Authors: Geese Marc , Ruhnau Paul , Jähne Bernd
Published: April 2014

Image sensors come with a spatial inhomogeneity, known as Fixed Pattern Noise, that degrades the image quality. In this paper a known maximum likelihood estimation method is extended in a way that it allows to estimate the two parameters DSNU and PRNU of a sensor’s fixed pattern noise. The method’s input are the averaged sensor responses and the corresponding pairwise sensor covariances. First results show a significant performance increase compared to related methods.
The “East Wind” and Australia’s Alliance Politics
Authors: Tow William T.
Published: April 2014

Ongoing reassessments in U.S. strategy in the Asia-Pacific have coincided with a major growth in Sino-Australian economic relations. The Australian-American alliance could be increasingly tested if U.S. policy planners are unsuccessful in generating more sensitive and proactive alliance security postures to ensure Australian support for key U.S. interests in the Asia-Pacific.
The Sino-U.S. National Identity Gap, Australia, and the Formation of an Asia-Pacific Community
Authors: Rozman Gilbert
Published: April 2014

Australia is a middle power caught between rising dependence on China, which seeks a sinocentric region, and growing security reliance on the U.S., which strives for a trans-Pacific community supporting universal values. In light of the Sino-U.S. identity gap and different concepts of regionalism, its response becomes clearer.
Competition and Collaboration in Space between the U.S., China, and Australia
Authors: Ohlandt Chad J. R.
Published: April 2014

U.S. national security space policy has recently shifted significantly toward increased international cooperation. Australian space activities have been reinvigorated, but remain underfunded. China’s space activities remain vigorous, but largely unilateral. Given U.S. policy changes, opportunities for cooperation and collaboration among all three have improved.
Public health issues of Roma and non-Roma unemployed persons in the Ózd microregion
Authors: Hegedűs Ibolya , Morvai Veronika , Rudnai Péter , Szakmáry Éva , Paksy András , Ungváry György
Published: April 2014

Introduction: In their previous studies authors of the present work showed that public health situation and socioeconomic position of unemployed Roma persons in the Ozd microregion were well below the average of the whole Hungarian population. Aim: To continue these previous studies, the authors wanted to determine whether the greater proportion of the unemployed Roma persons in the Ózd microregion compared to the country average could contribute to the worse public health situation and the poor hygienic situation of the living environment of unemployed persons hardly or not suitable for learning. Method: Data from 400 unemployed Roma (96 males, 97 females) and caucasian non-Roma subjects (114 males, 93 females) obtained in 2012 and 2013 using self-completed and interview questionnaires were analysed. In addition, occupational medical examination methods were applied and the results were analysed. Results: It was found that all studied parameters (public health and epidemiological safety, in-door living environmental hygiene, conditions for learning) indicated significantly disadvantaged situation of the Roma compared to the non-Roma unemployed persons. There was a clear relationship between these examined parameters and other factors adversely influencing the quality of life of Roma persons (unemployment, deep poverty, lower level of education, shorter life span). Finally, the results showed that the quality of life conditions of the lowest 1/10, 1/5 of the non-Roma unemployed persons were comparable to those found in the average of Roma unemployed persons. Conclusions: The authors conclude that i) the greater proportion of unemployed Roma persons in the Ozd microregion contributes to the worse public health, epidemiological safety and the worse living conditions of unemployed persons in this regions of the country; ii) It would be essential to provide Roma persons with conditions appropriate for learning, which could enable them to get qualification necessary for employment. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(15), 582–589.
Novel Absorbable Polyurethane Biomaterials and Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Nukavarapu Syam P. , Bezwada Rao S. , Dorcemus Deborah L. , Srivasthava Neeti , Armentano Robert J.
Published: April 2014

This study reports a novel class of biodegradable polyurethane biomaterials and three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering. Solvent casted polyurethane films were studied for biocompatibility by seeding with human bone marrow derived stromal cells. In order to develop a three-dimensional and porous structure, a dynamic solvent sintering method was applied to the polyurethanes for the first time. Microstructural studies on the sintered scaffolds reveal porous structure formation with bonding between the adjacent microspheres. In conclusion, this study establishes new polyurethane biomaterials that are fully absorbable for tissue engineering applications.
Mechanics and Dislocation Structures at the Micro-Scale: Insights on Dislocation Multiplication Mechanisms from Discrete Dislocation Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Weygand D.
Published: April 2014

The plasticity of micro-pillar deformation has widely been studied by discrete dislocation dynamics simulations to explain the so-called size effect. In this study the role of glissile junctions forming during plastic deformation under various loading scenarios is in the center of interest. The activity of these naturally forming dislocation sources is followed in detail. Surprisingly these junctions are rather active sources and not just another obstacle as often assumed. Their relative contribution to the overall dislocation density for the simulated specimens reaches often values of 20% or even more. The formation of such a glissile junction is often correlated to stress drops or the end of a stress drop. It is therefore suggested – at least for the sample sizes considered – that this dislocation multiplication mechanism should be take into account in continuum models such as crystal plasticity of higher order dislocation continuum theories.
Impact of Crystalline Orientation on the Switching Field in Barium Titanate Using Piezoresponse Force Spectroscopy
Authors: Ponon Nikhil K. , Appleby Daniel J. R. , Arac Erhan , Kwa Kelvin S. K. , Goss Jonathan P. , Hannemann Ullrich , Petrov Peter K. , Alford Neil M. , O’Neill Anthony
Published: April 2014

Understanding crystal orientation at the ferroelectric domain level, using a non destructive technique, is crucial for the design and characterization of nano-scale devices. In this study, piezoresponse force spectroscopy (PFS) is used to identify ferroelectric domain orientation. The impact of crystal orientation on the switching field of ferroelectric BaTiO3 is also investigated at the domain level. The preferential domain orientations for BaTiO3 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in this study are [001], [101] and [111]. They have been mapped onto PFS spectra to show three corresponding switching fields of 460, 330 and 120 kV/cm respectively. In addition, the electric field at which the enhanced piezoresponse occurs was found to vary, due to a phase change. The polarization reversal occurs via a 2-step process (rotation and switching) for [101] and [111] orientations. The piezoresponse enhancement is absent for the [001] (pure switching) domains. The results demonstrate that an electric field induced phase change causes the [101] and [111] domains to reverse polarization at a lower field than the [001] domain.
La formulación de preguntas en el aula de clase: una evidencia de aprendizaje significativo crítico
Authors: López Sonia , Veit Eliane Angela , Araujo Ives Solano
Published: April 2014

En este trabajo se muestran los principales resultados de un estudio que tuvo como propósito valorar la implementación de una propuesta didáctica constituida por diferentes actividades de modelación computacional haciendo uso del diagrama AVM - Adaptación de la V de Gowin a la Modelación Computacional -, así como su contribución en la habilidad adquirida por los estudiantes para formular preguntas en la clase de Física. El estudio fue realizado con un grupo de siete estudiantes de Física de la Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia; y estuvo fundamentado en la Teoría del Aprendizaje Significativo Crítico de Moreira basada en las ideas de Postman y Weingartner de la enseñanza como una actividad subversiva- y en la modelación computacional con diagrama AVM. Los principales hallazgos develan que la implementación de la propuesta didáctica favoreció un progreso significativo en la habilidad de los estudiantes para formular preguntas de interés sobre la dinámica Newtoniana como campo de conocimiento.
Química no ensino de ciências para as séries iniciais: uma análise de livros didáticos
Authors: Mori Rafael Cava , Curvelo Antonio Aprigio da Silva
Published: April 2014

Investigamos o ensino de Química para os anos iniciais da Educação Básica. Inicialmente, recuperamos resultados de investigações anteriores, constituindo a visão acadêmica sobre o tema. Estes trabalhos, cobrindo quase duas décadas, indicam que a Química ocupa reduzido espaço no currículo do início do Ensino Fundamental, recebendo um tratamento fragmentado por parte dos livros didáticos, e sendo pouco reconhecida pelos docentes como um conteúdo relevante. A seguir, analisamos 182 atividades, propostas pelas 12 coleções de livros aprovadas no Programa Nacional do Livro Didático 2007, classificando-as em categorias que explicitam a importância relegada ao conhecimento químico. Somente duas coleções se enquadram em um perfil desejável para a apresentação destas atividades na progressão pelas séries. Ainda, entre 11 fenômenos químicos diversos, as atividades se concentram em apenas dois. Concluímos sugerindo que estes livros têm contribuído de forma pouco substancial para um adequado ensino elementar de Química.
La educación en el franquismo (1936-1975)
Authors: Frago Antonio Viñao
Published: April 2014

Este artículo se centra fundamentalmente en dos aspectos: los cambios y períodos educativos durante el régimen franquista (1936-1975) en relación con su naturaleza como dictadura, con su evolución y con otros regímenes dictatoriales, y las consecuencias o efectos que tuvo en los procesos de alfabetización, escolarización y feminización educativa en la España del siglo XX.
A seleção brasileira de escritores nos livros didáticos dos anos 70
Authors: Bornatto Suzete de Paula
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste texto é tratar da seleção de autores da literatura brasileira que entrou na escola pelas páginas de livros didáticos de 5ª a 8ª série do 1º grau, investigar os critérios dessa seleção durante a década de 70, no contexto da ditadura, e suas relações com a produção literária. Dialogando com estudo anterior realizado pelo escritor Osman Lins, a análise incide sobre cinco coleções didáticas de português, consideradas como antologias escolares que contribuíram tanto para a preservação do cânone brasileiro quanto para a formação de leitores e a democratização da cultura letrada. Por fim, analisa-se o caso de um escritor frequente nos livros didáticos, Stanislaw Ponte Preta, que, tendo sido autor de textos de crítica à ditadura, esteve representado na escola apenas como autor de textos humorísticos.
A história dos estudantes "excedentes" nos anos 1960: a superlotação das universidades e um "torvelinho de situações improvisadas"
Authors: Braghini Katya Mitsuko Zuquim
Published: April 2014

Analisar os discursos que registraram uma superlotação universitária acontecida no Brasil nos anos 1960, apresentando as dificuldades relacionadas à distribuição dos estudantes ao término do Ensino Médio é o objetivo deste artigo. Será dada ênfase à condição do aluno "excedente", jovens que passavam no vestibular, mas não conseguiam se matricular por falta de vagas, porque esse tema é reiteradamente tratado na bibliografia referente aos manifestos estudantis no período da ditadura militar brasileira. As fontes selecionadas para o estudo foram periódicos educacionais, legislação, pareceres, artigos de jornais diários e revistas semanais. Foi possível perceber que os estudantes ficaram à mercê de um entrave educacional na passagem entre os dois ciclos: no ensino médio havia um movimento que buscava acelerá-los para que o curso fosse concluído; no ensino superior, havia a barragem do fluxo, fosse por falta de vagas ou por outros transtornos de ordem social e acadêmica que serão discutidos no texto.
Diferentes perspetivas de um ensino conservador: o ensino liceal em Portugal durante o Estado Novo (1936-1960)
Authors: Ferreira António Gomes , Mota Luís
Published: April 2014

A nossa análise fixou-se sobre o período de afirmação do dispositivo curricular liceal e a consolidação do programa da modernidade em Portugal, entre as décadas de trinta e cinquenta do século passado. Contudo, o Estado Novo ao demarcar-se de preocupações como o prolongamento da escolaridade e as teses da escola única recolocou na ordem do dia o problema da identidade do ensino do liceu. O debate incidiu, particularmente, sobre três eixos, os objetivos do ensino liceal, a organização curricular e a democratização. Centramo-nos na reflexão sobre os objetivos definidos para o ensino liceal e na sua organização curricular. Nesta perscrutamos a controvérsia em torno do regime de classe e do regime de disciplinas. Damos conta da discussão e das sucessivas tomadas de decisão a propósito da duração e estruturação dos ciclos de estudos. Articulado com os objetivos propostos para o ensino liceal, adquiriu alguma relevância a problemática das disciplinas que deveriam integrar, ou não, o plano de estudos bem como a justificação das opções adotadas. Convocamos, para este nosso estudo, como fontes, muito especialmente, a legislação que sustentou as alterações nos planos curricular e disciplinar, os diários da Assembleia Nacional e os pareceres da Câmara Corporativa aí insertos, bem como textos publicados na imprensa de educação e ensino, ainda que cônscios dos efeitos perversos da censura prévia.
Alunos ProUni e não ProUni nos cursos de licenciatura: evasão em foco
Authors: Felicetti Vera Lucia , Fossatti Paulo
Published: April 2014

Em todos os níveis educacionais há a problemática da evasão. Esta, por sua vez, vem sendo tema preocupante devido ao aumento, em destaque neste artigo, da evasão no Ensino Superior nos cursos de licenciatura. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um mapeamento comparativo entre alunos de cursos de licenciatura bolsistas do Programa Universidade para Todos (ProUni) e alunos não bolsistas no que diz respeito à situação deles, no segundo semestre de 2012, nos cursos por eles ingressados em 2007, 2008 e 2009 em uma instituição de Ensino Superior privada de cunho filantrópico, sem fins lucrativos, do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A metodologia usada foi quantitativa, com objetivo exploratório comparativo e procedimento técnico ex post facto. Foi usada a estatística descritiva e de inferência para a análise dos dados. A frequência de evasão foi menor entre os bolsistas ProUni (30%) do que entre os não bolsistas (41,2%). Os resultados indicam o ProUni como um programa que está conseguindo fidelizar os alunos nos cursos de licenciatura, pois um dos achados na regressão logística realizada foi que os bolsistas tiveram 56% menos chances de evadirem, sendo essa associação significativa, com p=0,005. Alunos mais jovens e do sexo feminino também apresentaram menores chances de evasão. O presente trabalho aponta para a necessidade de estudos mais abrangentes no que diz respeito às relações entre os ingressantes nos cursos de formação de professores via programas de ações afirmativas com relação aos outros ingressantes.
Nestedness in forest mammals is dependent on area but not on matrix type and sample size: an analysis on different fragmented landscapes
Authors: Menezes JFS. , Fernandez FAS.
Published: April 2014

Nestedness, the pattern in which the species of a species-poor community are a subset of species-rich communities, can provide information regarding species order of extinction, which is vital knowledge for conservation biology. We tested the hypotheses that the nestedness of mammal communities in forest remnants is influenced by sampling effort, mean remnant area, range of remnant areas, matrix type, and presence or absence of forest corridors, and compared the results with multi-taxa reviews. We used 24 published datasets to test this hypothesis and ran simple regressions for each variable. Our results provide evidence that area was the main determinant of nestedness in mammalian communities. We also found a significant effect on the range of areas as measured through area ratio. However we conclude that nestedness is not affected by sample size.