bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGOLAHAN HASIL PERIKANAN LELE MENJADI PRODUK FROZEN FOOD BERNILAI EKONOMI DUSUN PANDES BANTUL YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Yusuf Mirza , Wisnujati Andika
Published: October 2022

Tanah air Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman SDA. Hal ini adalah buah dari kecocokan iklim disertai kondisi air tanah yang melimpah. Hal yang cukup mudah keberlangsungannya di antaranya adalah sektor perikanan. Ikan yang populer di tengah masyarakat dan digemari salah satunya adalah ikan lele (Clarias) banyak keuntungan yang didapatkan dari pihak pembudidaya, yaitu ketahanan hidup ikan sangat tinggi dan mudah sekali dalam kecocokan makanan ikan tersebut. Kecepatan panen ikan lele tersebut berkisar antara 3 sampai 4 bulan lebih cepat dari budidaya ikan bersisik. secara tradisional lele dipasarkan di pasar-pasar dalam kondisi hidup, setelah dipesan baru ikan tersebut dipotong dan dipersiapkan. Hal tersebut kurang dapat diterima pasar modern sehingga ikan lele kurang familiar di supermarket. Dari gejala tersebut, terbentuklah gagasan membuat produk olahan frozen food yang berbahan dasar ikan lele segar. Frozen food merupakan olahan makanan instan beku yang tahan lama dan mudah dalam penyajiannya. Berdasarkan ini, perusahaan pengolahan pangan berpacu untuk menghasilkan aneka ragam produk pangan olahan frozen food yang dapat dimanfaatkan. Pengenalan kepada masyarakat desa tentang potensi olahan frozen food dari hasil perikanan sangat membuka peluang kemajuan perekonomian dari masyarakat lapisan bawah. Dengan adanya frozen food tersebut, menghasilkan makanan yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi serta lebih tahan terhadap penyimpanan dalam jangka waktu lama. Pemerataan market akan mudah dilakukan dengan adanya proses froozen food tersebut.
PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI WEBSITE BUMDES TERINTEGRASI MEDIA SOSIAL SEBAGAI PENINGKATAN SUMBER INFORMASI
Authors: Wijaya Titis Wisnu , Sakir Sakir , Iqbal Moch. , Rinaldi Rinaldi
Published: October 2022

BUMDes merupakan sumber kegiatan ekonomi desa yang berfungsi sebagai Lembaga sosial (social institution) dan komersial (commercial institution), begitupun dengan BUMDes yang dimiliki oleh desa Girirejo yang diberi nama BUMDes Mahanani. Tidak hanya mengelola produksi makanan lokal, BUMDes Mahanani juga mengelola tempat kuliner, penjualan ATK, dan fotokopi. Dalam menyampaikan informasi kepada khalayak masyarakat yang ada di desa Girirejo maupun luar daerah, Badan Usaha Milik Desa Mahanani masih menggunakan blog sehingga belum banyak mengetahui adanya kegiatan dan apa yang dikelola oleh BUMDes. Oleh karena itu, perlu disusun platform teknologi website untuk membantu menyebarluaskan produk lokal dan pelayanan yang dimiliki oleh BUMDes Mahanani. Kemajuan teknologi dan sumber daya manusia yang semakin piawai memainkan gawai mempemudah pemasaran dan berbagi informasi dengan menggunakan akses internet dan webiste sebagai platfom-nya. Tim pengabdi merancang dan menyusun sistem informasi Badan Usaha Milik Desa Mahanani berbasis website serta integrasi media sosial menggunakan Application Programming Interface (API) sebagai peningkatan sumber informasi dengan domain www.bumdesmahanai.com. Program ini muncul dengan menyesuaikan kebutuhan yang diperlukan oleh BUMDes. Diawali dengan FGD perangkat desa dan pengurus BUMDes hingga sampai pada pelatihan admin website berjalan dengan baik dan lancar hingga pada launching website. Sebagai tolok ukur keberhasilan program pengabdian ini, tim pengabdi memberikan kuisioner untuk menilai kualitas platform website yang digunakan dengan persentase hasil sebesar 88% dari total sampel menilai bahwa pengembangan website terintegrasi sosial media dalam kriteria “Sangat Baik”. Dengan kata lain, webiste BUMDes Mahanani dapat digunakan dan diakses oleh pengguna. Selain itu dengan adanya platform website, akan mempermudah akses informasi dan juga jual-beli secara online.
PEMBERDAYAAN TATA KELOLA KELOMPOK KARAWITAN DAN UMKM BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI UNTUK PROMOSI BUDAYA JAWA
Authors: Mutiarin Dyah , Nurjanah Adhianty , Kumorotomo Wahyudi , Wijaya Sakir Ridho
Published: October 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis proses pemberdayaan terhadap masyarakat yang bekerja di industri seni dan budaya. Pendampingan “Tata Kelola Kelompok Karawitan dan UMKM berbasis Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi” ini bertujuan untuk membantu meningkatkan kegiatan perekonomian desa berbasis digital atau dDigitalisasi UMKM. Pertama, akan ada peningkatkan kapasitas pelaku UMKM dalam melakukan digital marketing, pengetahuan tentang marketplace, serta pembuatan media sosial UMKM, kelompok karawitan, dan pertunjukkan daring. Metode yang dilakukan adalah melalui pendampingan dan pelatihan promosi grup karawitan berbasis digital. Hasilnya ada peningkatkan kapasitas Kelompok Karawitan Guyub Mukti Laras dalam melakukan digital marketing, pengetahuan tentang media sosial, pembuatan media sosial kelompok dan pengenalan branding di media sosial.
DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENJUALAN
Authors: Supriyono Edi , Pamungkas Wihandaru Sotya
Published: October 2022

Mitra dalam program ini adalah pimpinan Laa Raiba Catering yang berlokasi di Jeblok, Tirtonirmolo, Kasihan, Bantul. Persoalan yang dihadapi oleh Laa raiba Catering saat ini adalah semakin rendahnya permintaan produk hasil olahan catering ini.  Program kemitraan masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman mitra akan strategi diversifikasi produk dan menerjemahkanya dalam aspek produksinya. Berdasar pada masalah serta pemecahan masalah yang sudah disampaikan, maka untuk aspek pemasaran, metode pemecahan masalah yang dipakai adalah penyuluhan tentang strategi diversifikasi produk. Sedang untuk aspek produksi, metode pemecahan masalah yang dipakai adalah pelatihan pembuatan produk yang berbahan tepung terigu yang bernilai jual. Simpulan pengabdian masyarakat adalah :1) pemilik catering Laa Raiba dapat memahami dan menerapkan strategi diversifikasi produk serta 2) dapat menterjemahkan strategi tersebut dalam aspek produksinya.
DIGITAL MARKETING UNTUK OPTIMALISASI PROMOSI BUMDES
Authors: Parwoto Parwoto , Widadi Sigit , Mukti Galih Hardika
Published: October 2022

BUMDes (Badan Usaha Milik Desa) diyakini sebagai salah satu lokomotif penggerak perekonomian desa.  Namun dalam kondisi pandemi Covid-19, BUMDes Jati Unggul tumbuh tertatih-tatih khususnya dua unit usaha barunya. Faktor utama yang menjadi pemicunya adalah kurang siapnya SDM dan manajemen dalam promosi dan pemasaran secara online. Oleh karena itu, program pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penguatan kepada BUMDes Jati Unggul dalam promosi dan pemasaran online sehingga tetap survive, tumbuh, dan berkembang meskipun di masa Covid-19 seperti sekarang ini. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian meliputi; 1) observasi dan pendataan, 2) penyusunan program, 3) sosialisasi dan persiapan, 4) pelaksanaan, dan 5) pelaporan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan analisis permasalahan dan potensi mitra, program-program yang disepakati dan berhasil dilaksanakan meliputi; 1) branding, 2) promotion/marketing, 3) education, dan 4) facilitating (stimulant bantuan). Hasil pengabdian untuk mitra resto Bukit Cubung meliputi; 1) desain (baru) menu resto, 2) desain banner/rontek, 3) desain box nasi, 4) akun Grab Food dan Go Food, 5) video profil dan edukasi 3M (youtube). Hasil untuk mitra unit jasa pertanian dan perdagangan, meliputi; 1) desain kemasan/packaging, 2) akun shopee dan bukalapak, dan 3) video profil (youtube).
Caesarean section-related blood transfusion: risk factors in a private teaching hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Salami Omotayo F. , Akadri Adebayo A. , Imonitie Clifford
Published: October 2022

Background: Comprehensive emergency obstetric care, which includes the life-saving procedure of blood transfusion, is one of the essential components of effective emergency obstetric care that leads to a reduction in maternal mortality. In this study, blood transfusion risk factors were found in patients who had Caesarean deliveries at our facility.Methods: This was a retrospective study of all pregnant women who had caesarean section at Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria between 2016 and 2020. Their medical records were retrieved and reviewed using pro-forma. Chi square analysis was used to determine significant association between blood transfusion status and independent variables. Information was extracted from medical records using pro-forma.Results: Of 1568 obstetric admissions, there were 1210 deliveries and 369 (30.5%) caesarean sections. Ninety-five women (25.7%) of those that had caesarean sections were transfused. The incidence of blood transfusion was 13.7%. The preoperative packed cell volume, age and caesarean delivery type were significantly associated with blood transfusion status (p<0.05).Conclusions: Preoperative anemia, age and caesarean delivery type were all associated with blood transfusion status. To maximize hemoglobin levels at delivery and to identify high-risk patients, regular antenatal checkups should be given more importance.
Prevalence of thyroid disorders in first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Rani Uzma , Paladi Rajshree , Anjum Mehvish
Published: October 2022

Background: More recently there has been growing concern that more marginal degrees of thyroid dysfunction particularly subclinical hypothyroidism (elevated TSH and normal T4 concentration) and isolated hypothyroxinemia (normal TSH and low T4) are associated with fetal loss, prematurity and impaired offspring cognitive function and potential risk for fetal loss. Thus, it would seem logical to systematically screen pregnant woman for thyroid disorders. This study focuses specifically on thyroid screening in first trimester of pregnancy.Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study over 18 months (December 2020 to June 2022) in 300 patients attending the department of obstetrics and gynecology of teaching hospital attached to Khaja Bandanawaz Institute of Medical Sciences (KBNIMS), KBN University, Gulbarga for antenatal check-up during first trimester of pregnancy.Results: As per our study prevalence of thyroid disorder 14%, subclinical hyperthyroidism 3.67% and subclinical hypothyroidism 10.33%.Conclusions: According to data of our study, it is very ideal to subject all pregnant women for thyroid screening in first trimester with special emphasis to pregnant women in extremes of age, extremes of BMI, bad obstetric history and adverse outcome in previous pregnancy as it shows significant relationship with risk of having thyroid abnormalities.
Study of maternal and perinatal outcome in case of premature rupture of membrane at term
Authors: Rangrej Ridhdhi B. , Shah Akshay C. , Patel Babulal S. , Parikh Purvi M. , Patel Kiran M.
Published: October 2022

Background: Premature rupture of membranes is characterized by the rupture of membranes before the onset of true labour. PROM is associated with a high risk of maternal morbidity and also perinatal morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was the evaluation of various risk factors and maternal and perinatal outcomes for a better understanding of this oracular condition for its better understanding and timely management.Methods: This study was carried out on 75 cases of PROM fulfilling set criteria over one year at a tertiary care hospital of western India. Demographic details, risk factors and outcomes were studied.Results: Present study found the highest number of cases among the age group 21-24 years. 70% of patients were primigravida and almost 75% were un-booked. Around 2/3rd of cases were delivered vaginally, having the highest no of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality when the duration of PROM increased to more than 24 hours.Conclusions: In our study, it was seen that PROM is more commonly seen in younger primigravida having certain risk factors. Many delivered vaginally. Complications increased with increasing duration of PROM. Early recognition of premature rupture of membranes and their associated complications and appropriate management of the situation helps in reducing the problems due to PROM to a great extent.
Utility of platelet count and platelet indices as a prognostic indicator in pregnancy induced hypertension
Authors: Saini Neha , Gautam Roli , Jeyaseelan Shanti
Published: October 2022

Background: Changes in the hemostatic system are observed in both normal and hypertensive pregnant patients. Although the exact pathophysiology of pregnancy induced hypertension is not completely understood, numerous pathophysiological mechanisms, alone or in combination, have been suggested to be responsible for the diverse subsets of PIH.Methods: This was a prospective case control study conducted on 100 pregnant females (50 PIH and 50 normotensive) at Holy Family Hospital, New Delhi, from October 2020 to May 2021. platelet count and platelet indices (mean platelet volume and ratio of platelet count to mean platelet volume) at 32 weeks and at time of delivery were checked and Outcomes were compared.Results: For predicting PIH, platelet count showed sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 54%, MPV sensitivity of 54% and specificity of 82%, PC/MPV sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 62%. For predicting pre-eclampsia without severe symptoms, platelet count showed sensitivity of 89.47% and specificity of 47.62%, mean platelet volume sensitivity of 47.37% and specificity of 76.19%, platelet count/mean platelet volume sensitivity of 31.58% and specificity of 100%. We also found that in predicting pre-eclampsia with severe symptoms platelet count showed a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 26.32%, whereas, mean platelet volume showed equal sensitivity and specificity of 55.56%, platelet count/mean platelet volume with sensitivity of 44.44% and specificity of 84.21%.Conclusions: We found that platelet count and platelet count/mean platelet volume decreases while mean platelet volume increases with severity of pregnancy induced hypertension.
A study of pap smear examination at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Patel Sahil Dhansukhlal , Airao Bhavesh B.
Published: October 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the major causes of mortality among women worldwide. So, the research aimed to study and analyse 100 pap smear reports from women presenting with various gynecological indications and detection of precancerous lesions.Methods: Study was carried out by taking 100 Pap smears from patient attending gynaecology OPD at CUSMC, Surendranagar from 1 December 2021 to 1 January 2022. Pap smear was taken from patients between ages 25 to 70 years presenting with different gynaecology complaints and as a routine beyond the age of 45 years using Ayres Spatula. Smears were reported as per the Bethesda system.Results: Most women were in the age range of 25-70 years. Vaginal discharge was the major clinical complaint, occurring in 36.96% of the women. An irregular menstrual cycle was the complaint of 12.78% and abdominal pain of 25.63% of women, while 15.15% were asymptomatic. The test was negative for malignancy in 6%, and 78% had infection or inflammation. ASCUS, LSIL, and HSIL were detected in 8 %, 6%, and 0%, respectively. Women with Pap tests positive for ASCUS, LSIL, and HSIL underwent a colposcopy and guided biopsy.Conclusions: Pap smear is an easy and economical screening method to detect premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix which help in proper treatment. It should be established as a routine screening procedure to reduce the treatment burden, morbidity, and mortality.
The role of first trimester uterine artery pulsatility index as a predictor of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur
Authors: Shivrayan Suman , Vyas Jyotsna , Kuntal Chelsae , Jakhar Balveer , Poonia Vikas
Published: October 2022

Background: This study was conducted to assess the relationship between mean uterine artery pulsatility index at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks and the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Methods: This prospective study was carried out on 320 pregnant women. In all subjects mean uterine artery PI was calculated at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks and association of value of uterine artery PI and development of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy were compared by receiver operative curve analysis.Results: The ROC curve analysis shows that at the cut-off value of 1.62, overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of PI for prediction of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in our study was 82.1% (95% CI- 63.1-93.9%), 57.4% (95% CI- 51.5-63.2%), 15.7% (95% CI- 13.1-18.9%) and 97.1% (95% CI-93.7-98.7%) respectively. When we evaluate 11+0 to 13+6 weeks UtA PI value with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and early-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy by AUC curve, we found that the area under curve was 0.73 (95% CI 0.64-0.81) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.69-0.86) respectively.Conclusions: Uterine artery pulsatility index at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks is significantly higher in women who develop hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. Our study also shows that 11±0 to13±6 weeks uterine artery pulsatility index was a more significant predictor of early onset pre-eclampsia. It is a simple, non-invasive, reliable test which can be performed as an adjunct to routine ultrasound examination to predict hypertensive disorders.
Elective Foley’s induction in previous one caesarean section
Authors: Desai Aneri , Shrivastav Ritka , Dobariya Bhumika
Published: October 2022

Background: American college of obstetricians and gynecologists and the American academy of family physicians recommended that pregnant women with a single previous caesarean delivery and a low-transverse incision should be offered a trial of labour. This study was planned to measure safety and efficacy of elective Foley’s induction as a method of induction in previous one caesarean section.Methods: This was a prospective study of 150 women with previous caesarean section who were candidates for TOLAC admitted in labour room. Induction of labour via Foley’s catheter was done in group A whereas group B had a spontaneous onset of labour in previous caesarean section cases. Augmentation was done, if required.Results: There was spontaneous expulsion of Foley’s catheter in 88% out of which 65.15% patients delivered vaginally and 34.84% were delivered by caesarean section. Out of 12% where Foley’s catheter had to be removed after 12 hours manually, 88.89% were delivered by caesarean section.Conclusions: A change in Bishop score after induction with Foley’s catheter in previous caesarean section leads to higher chances of successful vaginal delivery. The likelihood of successful vaginal delivery increases with increase in FLAMM score.
Knowledge attitude and practice of contraceptives among married women of reproductive age group
Authors: Fayaz Farhana , Rizvi Syed Masuma
Published: October 2022

Background: This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of contraceptives among married women of reproductive age group.Methods: It was a cross sectional study which was carried at outpatient department (OPD) of obstetrics and gynaecology, Government medical college Srinagar over a period of 3 months. A total of 210 married women in the age group 15-49 years were included in the study. Along with the demographic profile, their knowledge, attitude and practices on contraception were evaluated with the help of self-structured questionnaire.Results: The mean age of the study population was 32.5±6.8 years. Majority of the women were in the age group of 26-35 years (56.2%), literate with formal education above 10th class (42.4%), house-makers (46.2%) and from rural background (65.2%). 82.9% of women had awareness regarding any method of contraception. Knowledge about emergency contraceptive was quiet low (11.0%). The most common source of information on contraception was friends and relatives (64.8%). 41% of women had a negative attitude towards contraception. The most common method of contraceptive used was barriers (21.9%). 43.8% of women had never used any contraceptive.Conclusions: Despite having good knowledge about contraception, utilization of contraceptives were less.
A community-based study to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for osteoporosis among menopausal and pre-menopausal women
Authors: Thangappah Radha B. P. , Madhavan T. M. Vaishnavi , Dharmalingam Poovizhi , Palanisamy Anitha , Senthilkumar Mohana Priya A.
Published: October 2022

Background: To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis among pre and post menopausal women using quantitative ultrasound of calcaneal bone and to identify the risk factors associated with osteoporosis.Methods: This prospective community based epidemiological study was conducted during 2019 in a suburban area attached to Sri Muthu Kumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai. 305 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using a structured questionnaire, demographic details, obstetric, gynaecological and medical history were collected. Quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneal bone was used to calculate the bone mineral density. Using statistical methods, risk factors for osteoporosis were analysed.Results: The mean age of the participants was 52.67±9.41 years, 62.2% were post menopausal and 37.38% were premenopausal. The BMD ‘T’ score was normal in 29.8%, osteopenia was diagnosed in 38.4% and osteoporosis in 31.8% of participants. 14% of premenopausal women and 42.4% of postmenopausal women were osteoporotic. Age, menopausal status, duration of menopause, and previous history of fractures emerged as significant risk factors for osteoporosis.Conclusions: The prevalence of osteoporosis is high among both pre-menopausal and menopausal women, but the awareness is limited. This study highlights the need for screening all women after the age of 40 years which is feasible using portable and easily available technology such as quantitative ultrasound of peripheral bones.
A clinical audit of Pap smear test for screening of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions
Authors: Kumar Tanya , Aneja Ankit , Kaur Satwant , Gulia Sandhya P.
Published: October 2022

Background: Cervical cancer, the second most common type of cancer in females, can be easily screened and prevented by Papanicolaou smear test which is a very simple, effective and inexpensive testing modality. The clinical audit aimed to estimate the rate of routine testing as well as the prevalence of various findings of Pap smear tests done at a tertiary level hospital.Methods: It was an analytical cross-sectional study that utilised results of 100 pap smear tests chosen against a set of exclusion and inclusion criteria out of the total 719 pap smears done at Adesh Medical College and Hospital between the duration of 1 January 2022 to 31 May 2022.Results: Only 4.29% of total patients that attended gynaecology OPD got a Pap smear done. A mere 22% patients of those under study came for routine testing. 93% of these 100 patients were negative for intraepithelial lesions, of which 42% were normal, 35% showed non-neoplastic changes and infection was seen in 16% of patients. 7% showed epithelial cell abnormality and 0% had malignant changes.Conclusions: The acceptance of Pap smear for routine screening continues to be low in the Indian setting. There is a massive need to spread awareness among the general public about the importance of Pap smear Test.
Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of aerobic bacterial strains isolated from periodontal lesions
Authors: Vinchurkar Urjita , Parmar Gunvant , Mistry Yogita , Mullan Summaiya
Published: October 2022

Background: Periodontitis or gum disease is a serious gum disease that damages soft tissue and without treatment can destroy the bone that support the teeth. It is because of consequences of specific or non specific bacterial infections. bacteria Drug resistance is a major concern in treatment of periodontitis also. So this study was planned to isolate, identify aerobic bacteria and to characterize the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of this isolate from periodontal lesions and to analyze host/patient related factors.Methods: Patients coming to dental OPD with signs and symptoms of periodontitis were selected for the study. samples were collected from periodontal lesions using bent swab stick to collect proper sample from periodontal lesion pocket. Samples were processed only for aerobic culture, antibiotic susceptibility test. Data will be entered in Excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS software version 23.Results: Total 71 aerobic isolates were found out of 100 aerobic culture. In E.coli isolates 83% resistance was found for ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. K.oxytoca isolates show 75% resistance to ceftazidime. K.pneumonaie shows 75% resistance to ceftazidime, 50% to amoxiclav, 29% to minocyclin. S.viridans shows 22% resistance to azithromycin, 19% to tetracycline and erythromycin. In present study higher drug resistance was found in K.pneumonaie followed by E.coli, K.oxytoca, and S.viridans. There is significant association between dental hygiene and the culture result (chi-square=20.771, df=8. p<0.01) and no significant association between age and the culture result (chi-square=44.032, df=40, p=0.305).Conclusions: Periodontitis patients shows drug resistant to commonly used antibiotics for the same. Also, there is an association between dental hygiene and culture positivity. So proper dental hygiene can prevent periodontitis.
Analysis of the molecular diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients attending central referral hospital, East Sikkim based on the IS6110 element
Authors: Tewari Uttejna , Adhikari Luna , Khandelwal Bidita , Bhandari Sameer
Published: October 2022

Background: Using the marker IS6110, which is rated the gold standard for molecular research of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB),this study seeks to determine the type of circulating strain of M tuberculosis complex (MTB). MTB genotype was determined from clinical samples of patients exhibiting pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis at the Central Referral Hospital, SMIMS, Sikkim.Methods: The PCR using IS6110 and 38kDa markers were used for identifying the isolates of M tuberculosis complex in LJ slants and restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology for identifying number of copies of IS6110 had been used to classify 100 M tuberculosis isolates (RFLP-PCR).Results: IS6110 comprised a number of bands ranging between 0 to 2, with the majority of isolates having a single copy, followed by two copies, and a few isolates bearing no copy.Conclusions: This study showed a low copy of IS6110 the most predominant circulating strain in the community of Sikkim with high frequency of 85% of single copy of IS6110.
Correlation of disability with anxiety and depression in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Geete Dipti B. , Mhatre Bhavana S. , Iyer Saraswati
Published: October 2022

Background: Neck Pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition usually associated with disability. Psychological illnesses like anxiety and depression are commonly seen in chronic pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between anxiety, and depression with disability in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain.Methods: 87 patients with chronic non-specific neck pain were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The disability was evaluated with neck disability index, anxiety with the generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7), and depression with patient health questionnaire (PHQ9).Results: Out of 87, 60 were females and 27 were male. For correlation, Spearman’s test was applied for the outcome measures. There was a moderate positive correlation found between disability and anxiety (r=0.55) and between neck pain and depression (r=0.63).Conclusions: There is a moderate positive correlation between self-reported disability and anxiety (GAD7) and also between self-reported disability and depression (PHQ9) in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain.
Dysmenorrhoea during the COVID-19 lockdown: a study of women in the age group 18-45 years in Goa, India
Authors: Mukherjee Taran , Afonso Shiara , Kenkre Trusha , Usgaonkar Ojal , Dias Amit
Published: October 2022

Background: Dysmenorrhea can be incapacitating and affect a woman’s quality of life and productivity. Our aim was to ascertain the prevalence and attributes of dysmenorrhea among women aged 18-45 years in the state of Goa, India; the attitude towards dysmenorrhea and management methods; and to also understand the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on women experiencing dysmenorrhea.Methods: A self-administered Google form was circulated and analysed using STATA-statistical software version 16. The study was conducted under the observation of Goa Medical College, in the months of May and June of 2020.Results: 87.7% (664) of participants experienced dysmenorrhea of which 72% had moderate-severe pain during menses. The pain lasted for 1-4 days in 98.6% of the respondents. A total of 69.25% women took some measures to relieve the pain; however only 27% of them sought professional medical help. During the lockdown 17% participants noticed a change in their periods. A change in the method of pain management was reported in 12.05% of the women. It was noted that the younger age group reported more changes in their periods during the lockdown.Conclusions: Dysmenorrhea impacted the lives of a large proportion of women. Even though some experienced incapacitating pain, many women did not seek medical advice. The lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic affected the menstrual cycle including dysmenorrhoea and its management. The high prevalence of dysmenorrhea coupled with inadequate utilisation of health services, makes it all the more important to utilise the results of this study in order to educate women about the effective methods of treatment.
Spectrum of ocular manifestations and its correlation to platelet count in dengue patients
Authors: Punjabi Sharda , Patel Vishwa , Bedi Nutan
Published: October 2022

Background: Dengue is most prevalent mosquito borne viral disease. Evaluation of various ocular manifestations of dengue fever and its associated laboratory investigations were done.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted on dengue patients from September 2021 to November 2021. A total 56 diagnosed patients of dengue were included in our study with age ranging between 8-70 years. A detailed systemic history followed by ocular examination including best corrected visual acuity with Snellen’s chart for both near and distance, slit lamp bio-microscopy and dilated fundus examination was carried out.Results: Out of 56 patients 50 patients (89.3%) had ocular findings: subconjunctival haemorrhage 26 cases (46.4%), retinal haemorrhages-15 cases (26.8%), cotton wool spots-9 cases (16.1%). On serological examination 39 cases (69.6%) were positive for NS1 Ig-M and 26 cases (46.4%) were positive for NS1-Ig G. Mean haemoglobin was 8.97%.Conclusions: Due to the surge in severity of ocular involvement it becomes imperative that the treating physician should be aware regarding the ocular manifestations. Thus, timely reference of the patient to an ophthalmologist can decrease sight threatening complications.
A study to assess the knowledge regarding bio-medical waste management among the staff nurses working in selected hospital, Siliguri
Authors: Sarkar Seema , Khati Prerna , Choudhury Susmita , Saha Anwesa , Das Rima , Mandal Gouri , Mondal Nabanita , Barman Keya , Banerjee Oyndrima , Khatun Sabia , Das Sayani , Mondal Priyanka , Sinha Preyrana , Parveen Nafisa , Sabnam Sahaniya
Published: October 2022

Background: Biomedical waste (BMW) management have become a significant concern for health care providers as it carries a higher potential for infection and injury. Inappropriate knowledge of handling of healthcare waste may have serious health consequences. There is an urgent need for raising awareness of BMWM among the hospital staff in all healthcare setups. Effective management of biomedical waste is not only a legal necessity but also a social responsibility. Objective was to assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding biomedical waste management and to find out the association between the level of knowledge of the staff nurses regarding BMW management with selected demographic variables.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, was conducted in March 2022. Study participants were the nursing staff, who are dealing with BMW. The data was collected by using a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: 50% of staff nurses were having a good knowledge, 20% of them had poor knowledge. Significant relationship was found to be exist between knowledge regarding bio-medical waste management with qualification and the duration of their clinical practices (p<0.05).Conclusions: Staff nurses have direct contact with bio-medical waste so they must be made aware of the risk of blood-borne infection and the main emphasis must be given to prevent such infections by using personal protective devices and regular training and supervision is necessary for better healthcare waste management and implementation.
Comparison of ocular manifestations in diabetic vs. non-diabetic patients in southern Rajasthan
Authors: Mali Pratiksha , Mehta Rishi , Patel Aval
Published: October 2022

Background: Effects of DM are gradual, progressive and due to chronic exposure to high blood sugar levels. DM also affect the eyes which can lead to ocular morbidity as DR can cause blindness. In that view, it becomes increasingly important to diagnose them at the earliest for proper management and prevention of complications.Methods: A total of 182 patients examined, out of which 91 were diabetic and 91 were non diabetic. Complete ocular examination was done that included visual acuity, anterior segment and fundus. Diabetic retinopathy was graded according to ETDRS classification. Diabetic patients were divided into 3 groups on the basis of HbA1c level (%): group-A (6-8), group-B (8-10) and group-C (>10). Patients were divided into 3 groups on the basis of duration (years): group1 (<5), group-2 (5-10) and group-3 (>10).Results: Ocular manifestations were more prevalent in diabetics than non-diabetics along with that DR was found in diabetic patients and no retinopathy was found in non-diabetic patients. Out of 91 diabetic patients, DR was found in 30(33.3%) patients. Out of 30 DR, NPDR was found in 25(75%) and PDR was found in 5 (15%). DR in group A, B and C: 0, 17 (58%) and 13 (86%) respectively. DR in group1,2 and 3 was 3 (7.5%), 11 (35.4%) and 16 (80%) respectively.Conclusions: Longer duration of diabetes and higher HbA1c level are associated with increased prevalence and severity of DR.
Comparative study of Igel with proseal LMA for ease of insertion and effect on hemodynamics in pediatric patients
Authors: Ashraf Nashrah , Zargar Owais-ul-umer , Albina Ayat , Farooqi Ayaz
Published: October 2022

Background: Supraglottic airway devices offer several advantages over endotracheal tube with regards to ease of insertion, hemodynamic stability, decreased airway morbidity, reduced requirement of drugs and smoother emergence from anesthesia.  Objective was to compare two supraglottic airway devices, Igel and proseal LMA, with respect to ease of insertion, number of insertion attempts, time taken for placement of device and hemodynamic changes.Methods: This prospective, randomized observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in India after obtaining approval from the ethical committee of the institute. Sample size consisted of 80 patients who were randomized into two groups with each group having 40 patients.Results: In our study it was found that Igel was easier to insert in 95% of the patients as compared to proseal laryngeal mask airway, whose insertion was found easy in 77.5% of the patients. There was higher success rate in first attempt insertion for Igel as compared to proseal laryngeal mask airway. 95% of the patients had successful device insertion in single attempt in group Igel and 77.5% of the patients had successful device insertion in single attempt in proseal laryngeal mask airway group. Time taken to insert Igel was significantly less (15.2 seconds) as compared to proseal laryngeal mask airway (26.1 seconds).Conclusions: The ease of insertion of Igel is better as compared to insertion of proseal laryngeal mask airway. The success rate in first attempt insertion for Igel is higher as compared to proseal laryngeal mask airway. Time taken to insert Igel was significantly less as compared to proseal laryngeal mask airway. However, there was no difference in hemodynamic parameters and oxygen saturation between the two groups.
A study of prevalence of autoantibodies in lean or underweight diabetic subjects in Southern Rajasthan
Authors: Kansara Sandeep , Hasan Akhlaq , Goyal Shuchi
Published: October 2022

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing day by day. Changing life style and unhealthy eating habits are major contributor to this pandemic, however certain individuals develop diabetes despite enough physical activity and low to normal body weight, even in absence of family history. The current study aimed to assess the autoantibody profile of these underweight/lean diabetic subjects, in order to better understand their aetiology.Methods: This cross sectional, observational study was carried out in endocrinology OPD and ward of RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan (India). The study included consecutive 207 lean/underweight diabetic subjects, on insulin or oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD), with or without history of ketosis and negative family history of diabetes. After detailed history and anthropometric examination, subjects were screened for presence of autoantibodies to GAD, TPO and IgA tTG.Results: 9 subjects were excluded from analysis (7 pancreatic calcification, 2 incomplete data). Out of 198 subjects, 153 (77.3%) subjects tested positive for GAD antibodies, while Anti TPO and IgA anti tTG antibodies were positive in 50 (25.3%) and 6 (3.0%) subjects, respectively. 39 (19.69%) subjects tested positive for both anti GAD and anti TPO antibodies and only 1(0.505%) subject had all the 3 antibodies present. Of the total study population, 158 (79.8%) subjects were on insulin, while 13 (6.6%) subjects received OAD, and 27 (13.6%) subjects both insulin and OAD.Conclusions: Lean/underweight diabetic subjects with negative family history of diabetes should be screened for presence of autoimmune markers for type 1 diabetes mellitus, irrespective of their treatment.
Study the incidence, management and outcome of primary postpartum hemorrhage in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Albina Ayat , Zargar Owais-ul-umer , Ashraf Nashrah , Hak Jyoti
Published: October 2022

Background. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of serious maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. To avoid the same, it is essential to find out avoidable factors and to reduce their consequences. So, the present study is taken to see the incidence, management and outcome of primary PPH in a tertiary care centre. Objective of current study was to study the incidence, management and outcome of primary PPH in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital over a period of one year. A total of 200 patients developing primary PPH after delivery were divided into two groups-Group A: Patients with primary atonic PPH and Group B: Patients with traumatic PPH.Results: The incidence of primary PPH in our study came out to be 8.3%. Most of the cases were in the age group of 26 -30 years. 84% of the patients belonged to rural areas. 72.5% of patients had hemoglobin levels below 9g%. The main cause of PPH in our study was uterine atony with an incidence of 73% followed by traumatic PPH in 24% cases. Cesarean sections constitute about 55% cases whereas spontaneous vaginal delivery constitutes 45% cases. Primary PPH was noted in 60% cases that underwent induction of labor followed by 28.9% having augmented labor and 11.1% had spontaneous onset of labor. Conclusions: Every pregnancy should culminate in a healthy mother and healthy baby and for that we should make sure that every woman should have access to top quality essential and emergency obstetric services to cut back maternal mortality. Finally, the surest prophylaxis of PPH is that the correct management of all stages of labor should be done.
Immunohistochemical expression of galectin-3 in carcinoma of uterine cervix
Authors: . Chandershekhar , Singh Gajender , Dhankher Monika , Cheran Zeany
Published: October 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancer among women worldwide, second to breast cancer. It’s difficult to diagnose in the early stage due to subtle and non-specific symptoms. Galectin-3 is increasingly being recognized as an important regulator of a broad range of cancer cell activities including cervical cancer. Its expression depends on the tumor grade which signifies its role in progression of the disease and prognostic significance.Method: The present study was conducted in department of pathology, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak on 60 cases of histo-pathologically diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix. Immunohistochemical (ICH) expression of marker ‘Galectin-3’was assessed in all biopsy specimens.Results: Galectin-3 expression was 1+ in 83.3% cases and 2+ in 16.6% cases of grade 1 cervix carcinoma. In grade 2 carcinomas 55.3% showed 1+, 42.1% showed 2+ and 2.6 % cases showed 0 galectin -3 expression. Further, 70% of grade III cases showed a score of 2+, and 10 % showed 1+ expression and 20 % didn’t show any galectin 3 positivity. A statistically significant association of galectin-3 expression with histological grade was observed.Conclusions: IHC expression of galectin-3 can be used as an important marker for grading of cervical carcinoma, therefore the present study was done to evaluate the IHC expression of galectin 3 in cervical cancer and correlate it with histologic tumour grade.
Lipedema subsequent with lymphedema and obesity in male patient: a rare case
Authors: Alim Sonia C. , Suryana Ketut
Published: October 2022

Lipedema is a disorder of abnormal subcutaneous fat deposition which almost exclusively occured in women. It is an unusual case that happens in male patients. Lipedema is often misdiagnosed to obesity and lymphedema. In case at hand, a 39-year-old obese male (body mass index of 54.3 kg/m2) presented bilateral non-pitting edema from buttocks to knees, palpable fat tissue nodules, pain at pressure, positive cuff sign, negative Stemmer-Kaposi sign, hyperpigmentation and thickened skin along the calves, and minimal responds to compression therapy. Average blood pressure was 145/90 mmHg. Laboratory studies were unremarkable, except leukocytosis and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate which might be related to obesity-associated leukocytosis. Diagnosis of type III lipedema subsequent with lymphedema, grade III obesity, and mild hypertension was made. The patient subsequently reported an improvement of the complaints after receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, proton pump inhibitors, and antihypertensive. Weight loss was encouraged as initial steps to reduce aggravating risks of obesity. This case underlines that lipedema needs to be considered as a differential diagnosis in male patients.
Epidural anaesthesia for abdominal surgery in a 72-year-old with dilated cardiomyopathy: a case report
Authors: Aggo Alfred T. , Ngbogbara PrettyDornu
Published: October 2022

A 72-year-old female, retired trader, receiving multidisciplinary care for dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive cardiac failure, with massive cardiomegaly, endomyocardial fibrosis, pericardial effusion, atrial fibrillation, ascites and umbilical hernia was scheduled for elective herniorrhaphy at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). She successfully had surgery under lumbar epidural anaesthesia achieved with morphine, ketamine and low dose bupivacaine combination, and was eventually discharged home postoperatively after satisfactory recovery. The anaesthetic challenges posed by the presence of multiple grave cardiovascular pathologies in association with dilated cardiomyopathy and the critical significance of judicious epidural anaesthetic technique in the successful management of this patient are highlighted.
Drug induced methemoglobinemia: a case report
Authors: Dalal Shrushti Y. , Dalal Prateek V.
Published: October 2022

Methemoglobinemia (MetHb) is an uncommon cause of central cyanosis and hence, not frequently considered in the differential diagnosis. Methemoglobin is an abnormal form of hemoglobin which is produced physiologically due to autooxidation. If this process of autooxidation is disturbed, either due to genetic or due to exogeneous drugs/toxins, its level rises in blood leading to tissue hypoxia. It causes central cyanosis when its level exceeds 3%. We present the case of a 19-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with methemoglobinemia due to the use of dapsone for acne vulgaris. Our case emphasizes the significance of detailed history taking, knowledge and high index of suspicion for drug-induced methemoglobinemia.
Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review
Authors: Panchakshari Madhuri K. , Patel Nilesh J. , Thakkar Nimesh B. , Patel Kenil Kirit
Published: October 2022

Diabetic foot ulcers lead to substantial morbidity and impair quality of life with high treatment costs and enormous economic losses. Diabetic foot ulcers readily become chronic; all too often these wounds do not heal primarily. Treatment of chronic wounds should be essentially directed against the main etiologic factors responsible for the wound. There are different treatment approaches for wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers. If treatment is based on the pathological cause, it may give better results and it must be cost effective too. Hydrogel dressing, platelet rich plasma, placenta extract gel, vacuum dressing are newer modalities in diabetic foot management.
Cara Pemupukan yang Menguntungkan Usaha Tani Kentang di Kabupaten Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Sahara Dewi , Wulanjari Munir Eti
Published: October 2022

Potatoes are one of the horticultural commodities with high economic value and have the opportunity to fill the domestic and export markets. However, potato productivity in Central Java tends to decline due to suboptimal fertilization technology. This study aims to assess crop growth, potato production, and the economic feasibility of potato farming. The experiment was carried out in Sumberejo Village, Batur District, Banjarnegara Regency, in September-December 2021 with a pilot demonstration plot covering an area of 0.4 ha by applying dibbling and spreading fertilization. Data on plant growth and production were analyzed using average values and t-tests‒; input-output data were analyzed financially to calculate economic feasibility. The results showed that the dibbling method had an insignificant effect on the vegetative and generative plant growth, but potato production by dibbling was about 3 kg ha-1 compared to production by dispersing. The dibbling method gave a higher profit memberikan nilai keuntungan lebih tinggi with B/C = 0.81 compared to the dispersed method with B/C = 0.68. The change in fertilization from spread to dibble gave high benefits with an indication of MBCR = 8.11. If there is a decrease in production and prices, then fertilization by dibbling has a higher tolerance limit (44.87%) to the losses caused than dibbling fertilization, which has a tolerance limit of 40.49%.   Keywords: fertilization methods, economic feasibility, potato, profits, production