bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Security, sexuality, and the Gay Clown Putin meme: Queer theory and international responses to Russian political homophobia
Authors: Cooper-Cunningham Dean
Published: April 2022

Focusing on the case of ‘Gay Clown Putin’, this article theorizes memes as visual interventions in international politics. While not all memes are political interventions, Gay Clown Putin is an iconic meme that is part of the international response to Russian state-directed political homophobia that emerged after the gay propaganda law was passed in 2013. How it has circulated and the attention it has received make it apt for exploring memes as visual political interventions that challenge national security discourses. Here, I provide three readings of Gay Clown Putin that suggest different possibilities for how the meme might work politically. In so doing, I deepen international relations’ engagement with queer theory by bringing in the politics of play that works through a queer epistemology that embraces deviance. Bringing memes to the study of international security, I show how the collection of images making up the Gay Clown Putin meme provides space for understanding the visual politics of security.
Potential Impact of the Insurance on Catastrophic Health Expenditures Among the Urban Poor Population in India
Authors: Singh L. M. , Siddhanta Ankita , Singh Ajay K. , Prinja Shankar , Sharma Atul , Sikka Himanshu , Goswami Latashree
Published: April 2022

Background:

Urban poor face a disproportionate burden of ill health and high out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE), creating a severe unmet need for affordable and quality health care. This article highlights the impact of health insurance on OOPE and catastrophic healthcare expenditure among the urban poor of India.

Methods:

The study uses randomly collected household data from a baseline survey conducted in the states of Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Separate Insurance impact models have been generated for the analysis.

Results:

Mean out-of-pocket health expenses is higher in the private health facility for the inpatient care but in case of outpatient care, the expenditure was more in public. Expenditure on medicine constitutes the largest part of the total OOPE. Insurance impact model shows that coverage on medicine alone can reduce medical impoverishment by 85% in the case of Outpatient Deparment (OPD) and 71% in the case of Inpatient Department (IPD). The urban poor preferred private facility for treatment in case of illness, albeit when it comes to delivery, they prefer public facility

Conclusions:

Study findings indicate overt reliance on private health care must be regulated, to reduce OOPE among the urban poor. Also, effective universal health insurance can go a long way in reducing the OOPE with availability of free medicines and diagnostics in the public health facilities.
Rhizobium Radiobacter Sepsis in a Neonate: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Patel Waseemoddin , Aboud Mohammed , Alnafisah Haya , Razak Abdul
Published: April 2022

Background:

Rhizobium radiobacter, a gram-negative organism, rarely infects newborn infants, and the literature on the outcome of infants and treatment options is sparse.

Case Presentation:

We present a healthy preterm neonate infected with R. radiobacter and treated successfully. As the literature is limited in neonates, we performed the literature review of studies that reported R. radiobacter infection in the neonatal population. The systematic search on April 15, 2020, across PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline identified 5 case reports to date. The neonates in those reports were otherwise healthy without underlying risk factors, had infection limited to the bloodstream, treated successfully with cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides without any sequelae.

Conclusion:

R. radiobacter sepsis infection in newborn infants can occur without underlying risk factors and can be treated with common antibiotics, and the outcome of the infected neonates is favorable.
Developing Global Competence in Global Virtual Team Projects: A Qualitative Exploration of Engineering Students’ Experiences
Authors: Ndubuisi Anuli , Marzi Elham , Mohammed Debbie , Edun Oluwatobi , Asare Philip , Slotta James
Published: April 2022

The incorporation of digital learning and teaching tools has been recognized as presenting an opportunity to maximize access, quality, and inclusion, especially when it comes to international education. Unanticipated events, such as the COVID 19 pandemic, can result in profound disruptions to teaching and learning, and the use of these tools can provide mitigation to these disruptions. This paper reports on the design and study of an InVEST global virtual team (GVT) program that incorporates global competency training modules (GCMs) and leverages digitization to engage engineering students across multiple locations deeply in global collaborative work — a skillset that is critical for 21st-century engineers. Study results showed the GCMs were effective in helping students develop the global competencies necessary for international virtual collaboration. We also highlight challenges and provide recommendations for practice.
Insights into the effect of high temperature on the shear behavior of the calcium silicate hydrate by reactive molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Zhang Yao , Zhang Shaoqi , Chen Qing , Shen Yi , Ju J Woody , Bauchy Mathieu
Published: April 2022

When subjected to fires, cementitious composites can be seriously damaged. However, the mechanical behavior of nanoscale calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) grains, which are the main binder of cementitious composites, exposed to elevated temperatures under shear deformations remain poorly investigated. In this paper, considering different calcium/silicate (C/S) molar ratios (i.e., C/S = 1.10, 1.33, and 1.64), the shear behavior of the C–S–H grain after exposure to different high-temperature levels (i.e., 300 K, 500 K, 700 K, 900 K, and 1000 K) is studied by conducting series of reactive molecular dynamics simulations. Results reveal that the C–S–H grain exhibits good plasticity under shear deformation. Furthermore, the shear modulus of the C–S–H grain is between 14 GPa and 17 GPa and exhibits a decrease with the calcium/silicon (C/S) molar ratio at ambient temperature. While the shear strength is around 1.0 GPa and reaches the lowest value at C/S = 1.64. Interestingly, we report that heating can lead to the increase of the shear modulus and shear strength due to the evaporation of the interlayer water which generally acts as the lubricant. Additionally, we show that heating has no clear influence on the shear strain corresponding to the onset of yielding when the C/S ratio is high but can indeed improve the shear strain corresponding to the shear strength. Furthermore, the yielding area of the C–S–H grain under the shear deformation can be enlarged. Finally, factors affecting the strength degradation of cementitious composites after being heated to different temperature levels are further discussed based on the simulation results.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Falls Following Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Andrews Nicholas A. , Hess Matthew C. , Young Sean , Halstrom Jared , Fellows Kenneth , Harrelson Whitt M. , Littlefield Zachary L. , Agarwal Abhinav , McGwin Gerald , Shah Ashish
Published: April 2022

Background:

No study has examined the incidence of risk factors for postoperative falls following foot and ankle surgery. We investigated the incidence and risk factors for postoperative falls in foot and ankle surgery using inpatient and outpatient population.

Methods:

A single fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon instituted collection of a postoperative fall questionnaire at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. A retrospective review of 135 patients with complete prospectively collected fall questionnaire data was performed. Patient demographic information, injury characteristics, comorbidities, baseline medications, length of hospital stay, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were collected. After univariable analysis, a multivariable binary logistic regression was conducted to assess independent risk factors for postoperative falls.

Results:

The median (interquartile range) age was 52 (21) and body mass index was 32.7 (11.1). A total of 108 patients (80%) underwent outpatient procedures. Thirty-nine of the 135 patients (28.9%) reported experiencing a fall in the first 6 weeks after surgery. In multivariable analysis, antidepressant use (adjusted odds ratio 3.41, 95% CI 1.19-9.81) and higher VAS pain scores at 2 weeks postoperatively (adjusted odds ratio 1.27, 95% CI 1.08-1.50) were found to be independent risk factors for postoperative falls.

Conclusion:

This study found a high incidence of postoperative falls in the first 6 weeks after foot and ankle surgery. Baseline antidepressant use and higher 2-week VAS pain scores were associated with postoperative falls. Foot and ankle surgeons should discuss the risk of falling with patients especially those with risk factors.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective cohort study at a single institution.
Anterior Inferior Tibiofibular Ligament Suture Tape Augmentation for Isolated Syndesmotic Injuries
Authors: Jamieson Marissa D. , Stake Ingrid Kvello , Brady Alex W. , Brown Justin , Tanghe Kira K. , Douglass Brenton W. , Clanton Thomas O.
Published: April 2022

Background:

The best operative construct and technique for treatment of isolated syndesmotic injuries is highly debated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) suture repair or suture tape (ST) augmentation provides any biomechanical advantage to the operative repair of an isolated syndesmotic injury.

Methods:

Twelve lower leg specimens underwent biomechanical testing in 6 states: (1) intact, (2) AITFL suture repair, (3) AITFL suture repair + transsyndesmotic suture button (SB), (4) AITFL suture repair + ST augmentation + SB, (5) AITFL suture repair + ST augmentation, and (6) complete syndesmotic injury. The ankle joint was subjected to 6 cycles of 5 Nm internal and external rotation torque under a constant axial load. The spatial relationship between the tibia, fibula, and talus was continuously recorded with a 5-camera motion capture system.

Results:

AITFL suture repair and AITFL suture repair + ST augmentation showed no statistically significant change in fibula kinematics compared to the intact state. Compared to native, AITFL suture repair + SB showed increased fibular external rotation (+2.32 degrees, P < .001), and decreased tibiofibular gap (overtightening) (–0.72 mm, P = .007). AITFL suture repair + ST augmentation + SB also showed increased fibular external rotation (+1.46 degrees, P = .013). Sagittal plane motion of the fibula was not significantly different between any states. None of the repairs restored intact state talus rotation; however, the repairs that used ST augmentation reduced the talus external rotation laxity compared to the complete syndesmotic injury.

Conclusion:

AITFL suture repair and AITFL ST augmentation best restored the rotational kinematics and stability of the fibula and ankle joint in an isolated syndesmotic injury model.

Clinical Relevance:

AITFL suture repair with or without ST augmentation may be a good operative addition or alternative to SB fixation for isolated syndesmotic disruptions.
Output feedback robust H∞ control for uncertain descriptor fractional order systems with 0 < α < 1
Authors: Zhang Xuefeng , Ai Jie
Published: April 2022

Novel criteria of the bounded real lemma corresponding to H ∞ norm of descriptor fractional order systems with 0 < α < 1 are studied. The conditions are presented in terms of strict linear matrix inequalities , which contain real decision variables of linear matrix inequalities instead of complex decision variables. Based on the new bounded real lemma, output feedback robust H ∞ control for uncertain DFOS with norm bounded is studied for the first time. Different from the existing results, the presented results are more convenient to design controllers and are directly solved by any linear matrix inequality toolbox. Finally, three examples are proposed to verify the validity of conclusions.
Can Economic Growth Reduce Public Dissatisfaction? Evidence from a Panel Threshold Model in Chinese Cities
Authors: Liu Yao , Wu Jiannan , Qi Jiayin , Deng Yuling , Tuerhong Alimire
Published: April 2022

Much is known about the relationship between economic growth and satisfaction, while little is known about the relationship between economic growth and dissatisfaction. This study measures the levels of public dissatisfaction in 36 Chinese cities from 2011 to 2018 using data from an official online petition platform. We construct panel data to analyze the impact of per capita GDP and per capita income on public dissatisfaction. The results show that per capita income has a significant negative effect on public dissatisfaction, but only once the per capita income exceeds a threshold amount. In the extended discussion, the nonlinear relationship between income and public dissatisfaction is described as a stair-shaped curve. The results imply the need for developing countries to adhere to economic policies based on income maximization.
An investigation of the use of app technology to support clinical management of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
Authors: Khadam Saffiya , Chu Teresa , Deekes Nigel , FitzGerald David , Preston Andrea , Duncan Nick
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The availability of healthcare apps to support patient self-management of various medical conditions, including cancer, has increased considerably in the past decade. However, there are limited published data on the role of apps in the management of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). The primary aim of this study was to investigate the current and future role of apps as a means of supporting patients with CML.

Methods

A 31-item questionnaire was developed and distributed to patients via three on-line CML support groups.

Results

Responses were received from 286 patients. There was an approximate 2:1 female: male split and the majority (54%, n = 155) resided in the United Kingdom. 91% (n = 260) of respondents were currently receiving drug treatment for their CML. 23.4% (n = 67) of respondents were aware that apps were available to support their CML management and 11.5% (n = 33) had experience of using such an app. 94.1% (n = 238) of those who had not used a patient support app in the past stated that they would consider using an app in the future to help manage their disease. App awareness was significantly higher amongst male patients (30.3% vs. 19.9%). Likelihood of being a current or previous app user was higher amongst younger patients (16.3% for <55 years old vs. 5.6% for ≥55 years old) whilst younger patients and those with a more recent diagnosis of CML were both more likely to be interested in using an app in the future. When asked about potential app functionality, a drug interaction checker was the feature of greatest interest to respondents.

Conclusions

We have identified both a lack of awareness of and a low uptake of patient support apps amongst CML patients. Importantly, we have demonstrated a clear interest in CML-specific apps amongst this population. Based on the functionality that study participants were most interested in, we will work with health care professionals, app developers and patients to develop a new app to deliver holistic support to CML patients.
Feline Femoral Fracture Fixation: What are the options?
Authors: Roberts Victoria J , Meeson Richard L
Published: April 2022

Practical relevance:

The femur is the most commonly fractured bone in cats. Femoral fractures usually result from high-velocity trauma such as a road traffic accident or fall from a height and, as such, are associated with a wide variety of concurrent injuries. The initial focus of treatment should always be on assessment and stabilisation of the major body systems. Once any concurrent injuries have been addressed, all femoral fractures need surgical stabilisation, with the notable exception of greenstick fractures in very young cats, which can heal with cage rest alone. A number of different surgical options are available depending on the fracture type, location, equipment, surgeon experience and owner finances.

Clinical challenges:

Femoral fractures can vary hugely in complexity and the small size of feline bones can limit the choice of implants. Furthermore, cats can present unique challenges in the postoperative period due to their active nature and the limited means to control their exercise level.

Audience:

This review is aimed at general and feline-specific practitioners who have some experience of feline orthopaedics, as well as those simply wishing to expand their knowledge.

Aims:

The aim of this review is to help clinicians assess, plan and manage feline femoral fractures. It provides an overview of diagnostic imaging and a discussion of a range of suitable surgical options, including the principles of different types of fixation. It also highlights cat-specific issues, approaches and implants pertinent to the management of these cases.

Evidence base:

A number of original articles and textbook chapters covering many aspects of femoral fractures in cats and dogs have been published. Where possible, this review draws on information from key feline research and, where necessary, extrapolates from relevant canine literature. The authors also offer practical guidance based on their own clinical experience.
Dadirri: an Indigenous place-based research methodology
Authors: Ungunmerr-Baumann Miriam-Rose , Groom Rachel A , Schuberg Emma L , Atkinson Judy , (Carlie) Atkinson Caroline , Wallace Ruth , Morris Gavin
Published: April 2022

We detail an Indigenous research methodology capturing community-based truth-telling in an Aboriginal community in the Northern Territory, Australia. We present Dadirri—a deep contemplative process of listening to one another—as a research methodology and a co-developed research model from the Nauiyu community. Dadirri is applied on the Country, with the cultural custodians to which it belongs, the Ngan’gikurunggkurr people from the Daly River region, Northern Territory. Dadirri links critical theory with reflective practice and is increasingly applied in Indigenous research. Insights into the synergies between Dadirri and traditional Eurocentric methodologies along with the successes and challenges of bringing Indigenous ways of knowing and Western ways of conducting research is presented as an interwoven praxis and governance/s. We conclude that the research outcomes demonstrate the interconnectedness and relational epistemologies as a framework between Dadirri and Western methodologies in a way that transforms and reconfigures futures, participants, and researchers alike.
Applying One Dish, One Spoon as an Indigenous research methodology
Authors: Scott Thomas Darren
Published: April 2022

Conducting Indigenous research with a Western research methodology has barriers to achieving the maximum utility and benefit for the Indigenous community involved in the research project. This article discusses the translation of the author’s Haudenosaunee knowledge into a Western methodological framework of ontology, epistemology, axiology, and research methods to formulate Ogwehowehneha: a Haudenosaunee research methodology while also detailing its adaptation and application for use in an Anishnawbe context. I called this new adapted methodology One Dish, One Spoon, which references a covenant agreement between the Haudenosaunee and Anishnawbe to peacefully share lands and resources. By sharing my experience of researching as a Haudenosaunee scholar in an Anishnawbe context, I share my understanding of the need to advance commonalities of Indigenous law and philosophy while researching cross-culturally among Indigenous Nations.
Experiencing the magic? The Saami turf hut as a cradle of stories, myths, and learning: South Saami traditional knowledge in teacher education
Authors: Kolberg Asbjørn , Sem Leiv
Published: April 2022

In this article, we present the background and process of the building of a traditional South Saami derhvie-gåetie (turf hut) on Nord University’s campus in Levanger, Norway. The turf hut project is linked to the university’s teacher education programs in which traditional Saami knowledge is part of the curriculum. In what way can the gåetie be a cradle for ways of knowing, creating, and learning, based on South Saami traditional knowledge? The article is a discussion of the scope and experiences of the turf hut project as land-based experiential learning in an Indigenous knowledge context and how the cooperation with South Saami tradition bearers is paramount for its outcome. As we see it, the project is a step toward the indigenization of the university’s teacher education programs.
Unlearning colonial constructs: conception, pregnancy, birth and infancy
Authors: Berryman Mere , Kay Rameka Lesley , Mauria Togo Tracey
Published: April 2022

This article presents ancestral knowledge capable of indigenising and decolonising current constructs about conception, pregnancy, birth and infancy. This knowledge comes from the voices of Māori elders and whānau (parents and extended family) who live close to their ancestral marae (cultural meeting spaces). They recall important cultural understandings and practices from Te ao Māori (the Māori world) as they relate to their own experiences. Today, much of this knowledge has been overtaken as the medical models of the coloniser claim these spaces having simultaneously devalued Māori ways of knowing and being. As this group contributes to the revitalisation of these concepts, they are resisting and unlearning the functional and cultural sterility of how their babies were born into this world, for one that speaks to the rich, spiritual and cultural connections to their ancestors.
Financial Costs of Emergency Department Presentations for Australian Patients With Heart Disease in the Last 3 Years of Life
Authors: Kularatna Sanjeewa , Wong Jessie , Senanayake Sameera , Brain David , Greenslade Jaimi , Parsonage William , Jun Deokhoon , McPhail Steven
Published: April 2022

Aims:

This study described emergency department (ED) resource use patterns and associated costs among patients with heart disease in their last 3 years of life in a high-income country.

Methods:

This study used linked data from ED and death registry databases in Australia. A random sample of 1000 patients who died due to any cause in 2017, and who had been living with heart disease for at least the prior 10-years were included. The outcomes of interest were number of ED presentations over each of the last 3 years prior to death and relative cost contributions of ED-related items.

Results:

The number of patients needing ED care and number of ED presentations per patient increased as patients were closer to death, with 85% experiencing at least one ED presentation in their last year of life. Mean per patient ED presentation cost increased with each year closer to death. Costs related to labor, pathology, patient travel, and goods and services contributed more than 85% of the total cost in each of the 3 years.

Conclusion:

The increase in cost burden as patients neared death was attributable to more frequent ED presentations per person rather than more expensive ED presentations. The scope of this study was limited to ED presentations, and may not be representative of heart-disease-related end-of-life care more broadly.
Does learning you are autistic at a younger age lead to better adult outcomes? A participatory exploration of the perspectives of autistic university students
Authors: Oredipe Tomisin , Kofner Bella , Riccio Ariana , Cage Eilidh , Vincent Jonathan , Kapp Steven K , Dwyer Patrick , Gillespie-Lynch Kristen
Published: April 2022

Many autistic people do not learn they are autistic until adulthood. Parents may wait to tell a child they are autistic until they feel the child is “ready.” In this study, a participatory team of autistic and non-autistic researchers examined whether learning one is autistic at a younger age is associated with heightened well-being and Autism-Specific Quality of Life among autistic university students. Autistic students ( n = 78) completed an online survey. They shared when and how they learned they were autistic, how they felt about autism when first learning they are autistic and now, and when they would tell autistic children about their autism. Learning one is autistic earlier was associated with heightened quality of life and well-being in adulthood. However, learning one is autistic at an older age was associated with more positive emotions about autism when first learning one is autistic. Participants expressed both positive and negative emotions about autism and highlighted contextual factors to consider when telling a child about autism. Findings suggest that telling a child that they are autistic at a younger age empowers them by providing access to support and a foundation for self-understanding that helps them thrive in adulthood.

Lay abstract

People learn they are autistic at different ages. We wanted to know if telling kids they are autistic earlier helps them feel better about their lives when they grow up. We are a team of autistic and non-autistic students and professors. Seventy-eight autistic university students did our online survey. They shared how they found out they were autistic and how they felt about being autistic. They also shared how they feel about their lives now. Around the same number of students learned they were autistic from doctors and parents. Students who learned they were autistic when they were younger felt happier about their lives than people who learned they were autistic when they were older. Students who learned they were autistic when they were older felt happier about being autistic when they first found out than people who did not have to wait as long. Our study shows that it is probably best to tell people they are autistic as soon as possible. The students who did our study did not think it was a good idea to wait until children are adults to tell them they are autistic. They said that parents should tell their children they are autistic in ways that help them understand and feel good about who they are.
Experiences of participation in activities among girls with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A qualitative study
Authors: Kembe Johanna , Regardt Malin
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to describe how girls with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) experience participation in activities in relation to their disease. Semi-structured interviews of eight girls with JIA in ages 12–15 were recorded and transcribed as a whole. Data have been analysed with qualitative content analysis. Participation was influenced by disease symptoms, which could result in absence and exclusion from participation in activities. The experience of participation was affected by the participant’s choice of using strategies and making adjustments during activities. Social environment could both increase and decrease participation through treatment and type of knowledge about the disease. Also the physical environment could affect participation due to the climate or road and ground conditions. We could conclude that the experience of participation among girls with JIA was affected by disease symptoms, perceptions of selves, disease and the use of strategies, and also the social and physical environment. This indicates the need to address participation in clinical practice and the importance to include different health professionals, teachers and other personnel involved in the child’s schooling.
Effect of the air supply angle of swirling diffusers on the air diffusion performance index in a vehicle assembly workshop
Authors: Li Can , Zi Huali , Wei Xiaoqing , Xiong Jiayuan
Published: April 2022

Airflow improvement in a large industrial building is one of the most effective ways to improve the thermal comfort of workers. Air Diffusion Performance Indices (ADPI) of an industrial workshop area under different air supply angles (15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90° in summer and 90° in winter) of the ceiling-mounted swirling diffusers were evaluated by on-site measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling. The measurement data was used to verify the CFD numerical model. The temperature and velocity field of the working area were simulated and analysed under seven operating conditions of swirling diffusers. The findings showed that in summer, the increase of the swirling air supply angle would increase the air velocity. When the air supply angle was larger than 75°, a draughty wind speed (>0.3 m/s) in the local working area, was produced. When the air supply angle was 30°–75°, the indoor design comfortable temperature range (26°C–28°C) was produced. The ADPIs of the workshop were 100% with the air supply angles of 45° and 60° in summer and 90° in winter, respectively. The research findings should provide a reference for improving the airflow organization in the working area of a tall factory building.
VOIP technology in grassroots politics: Transforming political culture and practice?
Authors: Hancock Rosemary
Published: April 2022

This article investigates how the adoption and use of digital technologies shape political culture and practice in grassroots political groups, particularly focusing on how VOIP technologies enable and/or constrain groups to work across physical space and form political relationships among participants. While this article is grounded in a case study of one broad-based coalition in Sydney, Australia, the findings expand our understanding of how digital technology shapes political culture and practice in grassroots spaces by (a) analysing an organisation both before and after the adoption of VOIP technology and (b) focusing on a case study where the organisation attempted to maintain rather than transform their political culture and practice with the adoption of new digital organising methods. The article argues that the instrumental benefits of digital technologies come at a cost: VOIP technologies may constrain the formation of deep relationships and flatten distinctive political practices within grassroots political organisations.
Gamification and work games: Examining consent and resistance among Uber drivers
Authors: Vasudevan Krishnan , Chan Ngai Keung
Published: April 2022

In 2018, Uber released an overhauled mobile application for its independent contractor workforce, who had become increasingly dissatisfied by the lack of autonomy, transparency, and flexibility while working on the platform. Based on the gamification of work, the application linked individualized rewards with Uber’s need to maintain a frictionless marketplace. However, as recent studies of gig economy have revealed, workers resist gamified algorithmic management by developing work games. Our findings, based upon analysis of driver accounts of using Uber’s application, presents a typology of player modes and work games that drivers play. We identified two distinctive player modes, grinding and oppositional play, which, respectively, illustrate how drivers consent and resist gamification. We also describe several work games that Uber drivers play in resistance to Uber’s gamification. This study contributes to the understanding of how the (re)design of worker-facing apps shape the power dynamics underpinning platform-initiated algorithmic governance and worker-initiated games.
Algorithms as figures: Towards a post-digital ethnography of algorithmic contexts
Authors: Cellard Loup
Published: April 2022

This article intervenes in contemporary discussions of critical algorithm studies about the meaning of the notion ‘algorithm’. While many critical scholars as well as most public and private organisations understand this concept as a computational procedure instantiated by a programming code in a software stack, I argue that the algorithm is better understood as a ‘figure’; a discursive short-hand pointing to diverse modes of procedural governance and not always digital ones. Since algorithmic figures are generated by a bundle of heterogeneous contexts, their emergence leads to conflicting visions about the reality, materiality and effects of algorithmisation. This article provides four ethnographic strategies to describe the contexts of production and circulation of algorithmic figures: observing the observers of algorithms; mapping and creating algorithmic figures; drawing relations across contexts of figuring; and analysing the transformative effects of algorithmic figures on the attempts to govern them.
Programmed welfare: An ethnographic account of algorithmic practices in the public distribution system in India
Authors: Chaudhuri Bidisha
Published: April 2022

Although considered to be fixed sequence of computational procedures, the actual nature of algorithms emerges only in practice through its performative agency enacted within a network of human and non-human actors. In this article, I trace this agency in the everyday practices of the algorithmic system of welfare distribution, namely, the Aadhaar-enabled Public Distribution System (AePDS), through ethnographic fieldwork across three states in India. Conceptualising the AePDS as a programmed welfare system, I unpack its underlying assemblages to show that far from being objective technologies of governance, algorithmic sorting for targeted welfare is enacted in relation to a multitude of human actors, databases, machines, documents and shifting institutional contexts, in ways that are markedly different from its fixed computation properties. This mode of enquiry, I argue, makes the process of algorithmic enactment more transparent and comprehensible, which in turn will aid in better design and governance of such systems.
Not all who are bots are evil: A cross-platform analysis of automated agent governance
Authors: Makhortykh Mykola , Urman Aleksandra , Münch Felix Victor , Heldt Amélie , Dreyer Stephan , Kettemann Matthias C
Published: April 2022

The growth of online platforms is accompanied by the increasing use of automated agents. Despite being discussed primarily in the context of opinion manipulation, agents play diverse roles within platform ecosystems that raises the need for governance approaches that go beyond policing agents’ unwanted behaviour. To provide a more nuanced assessment of agent governance, we introduce an analytical framework that distinguishes between different aspects and forms of governance. We then apply it to explore how agents are governed across nine platforms. Our observations show that despite acknowledging diverse roles of agents, platforms tend to focus on governing selected forms of their misuse. We also observe differences in governance approaches used by platforms, in particular when it comes to the agent rights/obligations and transparency of policing mechanisms. These observations highlight the necessity of advancing the algorithmic governance research agenda and developing a generalizable normative framework for agent governance.
Enemy parole
Authors: Dagan Netanel
Published: April 2022

Pushing and expanding the boundaries of the ‘criminology of the other’ and ‘enemy penology’ to the post-sentencing phase, this study aims to analyse parole for terror-related prisoners. For doing so, the study thematically analysed 207 decisions of the Israeli parole board for individuals labelled as ‘security prisoners’. It found that for security prisoners, the parole board employs a distorted version of the more discretionary-individualised logic that applies to ordinary prisoners. When performing such ‘enemy parole’ – and overwhelmingly denying parole to security prisoners – the parole board uses three conflicting discourses: security-group logic, responsibilisation and resentencing. Through these discourses, the parole board negotiates the categories of self/other and citizen/enemy in order to suspend the reintegrative components of ‘citizen parole’. In conclusion, ‘enemy parole’ is constructed as an exclusionary, punitive and exceptional process disguised as inclusionary, equal and legitimate.
Dynamics of a planetary needle roller bearing considering the waviness
Authors: Shi Zhifeng , Liu Jing , Xiao Guijian
Published: April 2022

A dynamic model of a planetary needle roller bearing (PNRB) considering the waviness is proposed. This model can formulate the PNRB dynamic motions under high centrifugal acceleration conditions, which are more complicated than those of shaft-fixed bearings. The waviness distributed on the surfaces of races and needle rollers can change the contact conditions between the needle rollers and races. In this study, the effect of the waviness on the roller-race contact forces, roller-cage impact forces, and the PNRB elements’ dynamics are discussed, which were not studied in the listed literature for the PNRB models. Moreover, a case of a PNRB in a single row planetary gear train is used to analyze the relationship between the needle roller-cage impact force and cage speed variation. The effect of the waviness on the vibration characteristics frequency of PNRB races are also studied.
Sustainable entrepreneurship: Factors influencing opportunity recognition and exploitation
Authors: Sarma Sumita , Attaran Sharmin , Attaran Mohsen
Published: April 2022

Sustainable entrepreneurship integrates economic, environmental, and social into a firm's goals, activities, and planning to create a long-term value for the firm, its stakeholders, and broader society. The firm's strategies are formulated and executed to meet the firm's needs and its stakeholders while protecting, sustaining, and enhancing the natural resources that will be needed in the future. The COVID-19 pandemic was a wake-up call regarding external uncertainty that impacted all small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Leveraging this context, this study aims to assess the external and internal factors that influence sustainable opportunity recognition through interviews with twelve sustainable entrepreneurs in the USA and Canada. Based on the results, future research directions and recommendations have been made.
Risk Factor Analysis for Crossing Failure in Primary Antegrade Wire-Catheter Approach for Femoropopliteal Chronic Total Occlusions
Authors: Bernardini Giulia , Bisdas Theodosios , Argyriou Angeliki , Saab Fadi , Torsello Giovanni , Tsilimparis Nikolaos , Stavroulakis Konstantinos
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Antegrade wire-catheter crossing remains the primary approach for femoropopliteal interventions. Nonetheless, data reporting on crossing failure are limited. Aim of this study is to identify risk factors for antegrade crossing failure in patients with femoropopliteal chronic total occlusions (CTOs).

Methods:

This is a single-center, retrospective analysis. Patients with femoropopliteal CTOs treated between May 2018 and February 2020 were included into this study. Primary endpoint of this analysis was primary crossing success defined as successful antegrade crossing without the use of retrograde access, crossing or re-entry devices. The assisted crossing success was additionally analyzed. A logistic regression analysis identified risk factors for failed primary antegrade crossing.

Results:

Data from 300 patients were analyzed. The majority (n=183, 61%) presented with lifestyle limiting claudication. The mean lesion length was 180 mm [interquartile range (IQR) 100–260 mm], whereas the median CTO length was 100 mm (IQR=50–210 mm). A chronic total occlusion crossing approach based on plaque morphology (CTOP) type I configuration was observed in 9% (n=26) of the lesions, type II in 61% (n=183), type III in 8% (n=25), and type IV in 66 CTOs (n= 66, 22%). Severe calcification based on the Peripheral Arterial Calcium Scoring Scale (PACSS), Peripheral Academic Research Consortium (PARC), and 360° grading systems was identified in 17%, 24%, and 28% of the lesions, respectively. A contralateral femoral access was used in 278 cases (93%). The primary crossing success amounted to 70% (n=210). The use of a re-entry device in 28 patients (9%) or of a combined antegrade–retrograde approach in 11% (n=34) of the cases increased the assisted crossing success to 89% (n=267). The presence of calcification (odds ratio [OR]=4.2, 95% CI=1.7–10.2) or of circumferential calcium (OR=2.5, 95% CI=1.3–4.9), a CTOP class ΙΙΙ or ΙV (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.4–2.6), a proximal superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusion (OR=3.5, 95% CI=1.7–7.4) and a CTO at P3 (OR=4.1, 95% CI=1.5–10.8) were associated with an increased risk for antegrade crossing failure.

Conclusions:

In this study, chronic total occlusions (CTO) morphology, calcification burden, and lesion’s location were identified as independent risk factors for failed antegrade crossing. Nonetheless, the use of alternative crossing strategies significantly increased the overall crossing success.
Rottenberg at Sixty-Five: In Honor of the 20th Anniversary of the Journal of Sports Economics
Authors: Fort Rodney
Published: April 2022

Sports economics is now 65 years old, since Rottenberg's “The Baseball Players’ Labor Market”. This milestone coincides with the 20th anniversary of the Journal of Sports Economics. Rottenberg's two main offerings, the match outcome uncertainty hypothesis and the invariance principle, are reviewed, including empirical verdicts from other recent literature reviews. In addition, perhaps less well-known issues in the literature suggest further investigation of these crucial hypotheses, and others that arise. Finally, the place of the Journal of Sports Economics in the evolution of sports economics is offered.
Multifaceted Strategy Improves Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized with a Diabetic Foot Infection
Authors: Keren Elad , Borer Abraham , Shafat Tali , Nesher Lior , Faingelernt Yaniv , Sagi Orli , Shimoni Orly , Saidel-Odes Lisa
Published: April 2022

Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are associated with major morbidity, reduced quality of life and increased mortality. Osteomyelitis is a leading cause of lower-extremity amputation in diabetic patients. We aimed to examine whether a multifaceted strategy for treating hospitalized patients with a DFI effectively influenced microbiological culture results and outcomes. A retrospective cohort-study in a 1100-bed, tertiary-care university hospital was conducted. Adult patients with a DFI admitted to the orthopedics department between 2015 and 2019 were included. During the pre-intervention period (2015-2016), one general orthopedic department was in operation. In the post-intervention period (2017-2019), a second department was created with a designated “complicated wound unit". The multifaceted strategy included revising local guidelines for DFI culturing emphasizing bone cultures, correct sample handling, and adjusting antibiotic treatment to culture results. Additionally, a weekly multidisciplinary-team grand round was instigated and post-discharge outpatient follow-up was scheduled. 652 patients with DFIs were included; 101 during the pre-intervention period and 551 during the post-intervention period. Compared to the pre-intervention, during the post-intervention period mainly bone or deep-tissue cultures were performed (9.7% vs. 98.2%, P < 0.001). Bacteriology cultures in the pre-intervention versus post-intervention period revealed: among staphylococcus isolates, fewer methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus detected (20.4% vs. 9.8%, P = 0.010); within Enterobacteriaceae isolates, fewer extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria detected (51.6% vs. 23.6%, P < 0.001); a decrease in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (28% vs. 10.6%, P < 0.001) and an increase in anaerobic bacterial isolates (0 vs. 11.1%, P < 0.001). On multivariate regression, the post-intervention period (ie multifaceted strategy) was a protective measure against readmissions (P = 0.007 OR 0.50 95% CI 0.30-0.82). We conclude that our interventive multifaceted strategy led to accurate bacterial diagnosis, de-escalation of antibiotic treatment and readmission reduction.
Two Parallel Headless Compression Screws for Scaphoid Fractures: Radiographic Analysis and Preliminary Outcome
Authors: DiPrinzio Eliseo V. , Dieterich James D. , Walsh Amanda L. , Warburton Andrew J. , Chang Andy L. , Hausman Michael R. , Kim Jaehon M.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Despite surgical fixation, the scaphoid nonunion rate remains at 3% to 5%. Recent biomechanical studies have demonstrated increased stability with 2-screw constructs. The objective of our study is to determine the preliminary union rate and anatomic feasibility of 2-screw surgical fixation for scaphoid fractures.

Methods:

This study is a retrospective case series of 25 patients (average age 32 years) with scaphoid fractures treated with 2 parallel headless compression screws (HCS). Postoperative evaluation included Mayo Wrist Score (MWS), range of motion, time to union, and return to activity. Bivariate analysis for gender and Pearson correlation coefficient for body size (height, weight, and body mass index) was conducted against radiographically measured scaphoid width, screw lengths, and the distance between the 2 screws.

Results:

All fractures healed with an average time to union of 9.9 weeks (median 7.6 weeks; range: 4.1-28.3). The mean MWS was 93.3 (range: 55-100), with 3 complications (12%), one of which affected the outcome of the surgery. The bivariate analysis demonstrated that the female gender was associated with significantly smaller scaphoid width ( P = .004) but a similar distance between the 2 screws ( P = .281). The distance between the 2 screws and the body size demonstrated a weak-to-no correlation.

Conclusions:

The 2-screw construct for scaphoid fracture achieved a favorable union rate and clinical outcome. Gender was the only variable significantly associated with scaphoid width and screw length. The distance between the screws was constant regardless of gender and body size, indicating that the technique for parallel screw placement can remain consistent.

Type of Study:

Therapeutic.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV.
Radial Sided Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Messina Nicholas A. , Dowley Kieran S. , Raducha Jeremy E. , Gil Joseph A.
Published: April 2022

When evaluating the available literature on the diagnosis and management of triangular fibrocartilage complex tears (TFCC), ulnar tears comprise the major focus of TFCC literature. Radial-sided (Class 1D) tears are seldom researched or discussed. The purpose of this study was to review the methods for identifying and treating radial-sided TFCC lesions, by examining the anatomy of the TFCC, the pathology of its radial portion, diagnostic techniques, and both surgical and nonoperative treatments. The avascular nature of the radial TFCC may influence its healing potential. Magnetic resonance arthrogram is the gold standard for non-invasively diagnosing a radial-sided tear. Non-operative management should be exhausted prior to surgical intervention, which commonly involves an inside-out repair involving radial trans-osseous sutures. Still, the literature is limited by patient sample size and therefore requires a greater population of class 1-D tears to confirm optimal diagnostic and treatment methods.