bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelatihan Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Elektronik (E-Book) di SMKN 1 Banjarmasin
Authors: Rafiudin Rafiudin , Mansur Hamsi , Mastur Mastur , Utama Agus Hadi , Satrio Adrie
Published: March 2021

Permasaalahan yang di hadapi oleh mitra/guru-guru SMKN 1 Banjarmasin adalah masih banyak guru yang belum memiliki pengetahuan mengenai cara mengembangkan bahan ajar, minimnya keterampilan guru dalam menulis bahan ajar, dan rendahnya motivasi guru untuk menulis bahan ajar. Oleh karena itu tim pengabdian masyarakat Program Studi Teknologi Pendidikan FKIP ULM membantu guru-guru SMKN 1 Banjarmasin dalam mengembangkan bahan ajar elektronik (digital), melalui kegiatan pelatihan. Tujuan pelatihan ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan guru-guru dalam menulis bahan ajar baik dalam bentuk fisik maupun elektronik (e-book). Metode pelaksanaan yang diterapkan dalam pelatihan ini meliputi ceramah, diskusi-informasi, pendampingan, demonstrasi, dan percontohan, serta desiminasi terbatas atau hanya sebatas uji kelayakan e-book. Hasil pelatihan ini adalah peserta pelatihan mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman dalam mengembangkan bahan ajar elektronik (e-book) yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa. Peserta pelatihan dapat menerapkan proses pengembangan bahan ajar melalui proses yang sistematis meliputi analisis kebutuhan dan telaah kurikulum, merancang layout dan tupoksi bahan ajar, menulis bahan ajar dengan menguraikan konsepnya, produksi dan konversi bahan ajar dalam bentuk elektronik (e-book), serta menguji kelayakan bahan ajarnya.The problems faced by the partners/teachers of SMKN 1 Banjarmasin are that many teachers do not know how to develop teaching materials, the lack of teacher skills in writing teaching materials, and the low motivation of teachers to write teaching materials. Therefore, the FKIP ULM Educational Technology Study Program's community service team helps the teachers of SMKN 1 Banjarmasin in developing electronic (digital) teaching materials through training activities. This training aims to increase teachers' knowledge and skills in writing teaching materials in both physical and electronic form (e-books). This training's implementation methods include lectures, discussion-information, mentoring, demonstrations, demonstrations, and limited dissemination or only limited to e-book feasibility testing. The result of this training is that the training participants have increased their knowledge and understanding in developing electronic teaching materials (e-books) according to students' needs. Training participants can apply the process of developing teaching materials through a systematic process including needs analysis and curriculum study, designing layouts and principal tasks and functions of teaching materials, writing teaching materials by describing the concept, producing and converting teaching materials in electronic form (e-book), and testing feasibility teaching materials.
SOSIALISASI STRATEGI PEMASARAN BERBASIS ONLINE PADA PRODUK USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH
Authors: Hayatie Marliza Noor , Gautama Muhammad Shapiq , Alam Sur Widiya Astuti
Published: March 2021

Program pengabdian ini bertujuan agar masyarakat dapat membuka usaha bisnis online secara mandiri sehingga bisa mendapatkan penghasilan tambahan. Selain itu, program ini memberikan keterampilan kepada masyarakat berupa pelatihan penggunaan internet dan sosial media. Dalam kegiatan ini metode yang dipakai adalah dengan memberikan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat tentang strategi dalam memasarkan produk secara online. Sehingga masyarakat mendapatkan penghasilan tambahan melalui internet dengan berjualan online. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam program pendampingan ini adalah para remaja memiliki keterampilan memasarkan produk yang dijual secara online melalui media sosial
The European Parliament Elections 2014
Authors: Avilova A. , Gutnick A. , Kvashnin Y. , Olenchenko V. , Toganova N. , Trofimova O.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the European Parliament elections held in May 2014. Their results are analyzed on two levels – national and pan-European. On the national one the authors provide case studies of the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Poland, Italy and Greece. The impact of economic crisis and later the severe public debt crisis in Eurozone countries on the EU Parliament elections is estimated. Another factor examined in the study is the public awareness of the EU’s institutions in everyday life. The authors point out the contradiction between the public opinion on these institutions and the ongoing process of further integration due to the crises in such fields as finances and government expenditures. The latest process is viewed by the experts as a positive one, but the lack of public understanding resulted in abstention, protest voting and the rise of right-wing and populist parties. The national case studies showed that the situation varied from country to country. In some of them the pan-European agenda has played a greater role, in others it influenced the elections, but in the end they were mainly a referendum on the national government performance. The case of the UK illustrated the first tendency, but partly also the second one: the elections not only put the question about the country’s role in the EU, but also reflected the citizens’ discontent in mainstream politics. France, Greece and partly Italy showed that the voters disapprove the EU politics, especially concerning such fields as immigration and economic and debt crisis. The Polish case demonstrates that the lack of information on the EU’s institutions can jeopardize the positions of centrist parties even in a very pro-European country. The election results in FRG confirm that the Germans are trying to identify their country’s role in the European institutions and find the right attitude toward its growing responsibility for the integration process.
Current French–US Partnership
Authors: Zueva K.
Published: March 2021

The article examines US–France relations, in particular within the NATO framework, as well as positions of France in the Alliance, its participation in NATO operations and its desire to play a more active role in this organization. The pilot of American interests in the Asian-Pacific region and events in Ukraine revive aspirations of Europeans for more active building of the “European defense”. The France-Britain military collaboration is developing intensively. However, France considers the formation of the “European army” as a question of a very long-term perspective. The article also examines the stance of France on the free trade zone between the EU and the U.S. The Atlantic solidarity is one of the most important directions in the French foreign policy. In power, Francois Hollande continues his predecessor's policy in this sphere. Nowadays, France demonstrates the accordance with the US almost in all international issues from Syria to Ukraine. France has shown its dependence on the US policy in such questions as “Mistrals” delivery to Russia and the attitude to the Ukrainian crisis. The scandal around the American ANB spying after French political and business elite did not destroy this dependence. The participation of France in NATO is the most important format of transatlantic relations. The French expert association and opposition forces constantly criticize the transatlantic direction of Hollande's foreign policy. The greater and greater part of French elite stands for the returning of an independent voice of France in international affairs. The great anxiety in French society is provoked by the U.S. pulling into the crusade against Russia. However, in the present situation, French leaders are not going to spoil relations with their transatlantic partner, because they believe that only together with the U.S. they can counter contemporary challenges of the modern world.
An Efficient Low-Cost Laboratory Workflow for the Study of Blood Cells and RNA Extractions in Marine Invertebrates
Authors: Gutierrez Stefania
Published: March 2021

Marine invertebrates are model organisms in several areas of biological sciences, being a source of massive biological information. Although, the scientific relevance of marine invertebrates, the research with them can be limited for their tissue characteristics and troubles for the replication of physical and chemical properties of seawater. Thence, the main goal of this laboratory workflow is to provide a useful methodological approach to reduce the experimental limitations during the study of marine invertebrates. The present study describes experimental methodologies for the collection, transport, and maintenance of sessile tunicates. Also, an approach to observe and characterize, a diverse population of blood cells in marine invertebrates, by several cytological stains and electron microscopy. Lastly, suggestions and protocols to extract quality RNA from samples with high concentrations of salts, pigments, secondary metabolites, and polysaccharides. This methodological approach can be easily adapted to other marine invertebrates, moreover uses low-cost reagents and widely available laboratory equipment. Making possible the study of different types of marine animals in diverse locations.
Driving Model of Determinant Factors Affecting the Performance of Small and Micro Enterprises: Empirical Evidence from Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Youtang Zhang , Yesuf Eshetu
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the driving model of determinant factors that affects the performance of small and micro enterprises empirical evidence from Amhara Region, Ethiopia. The study used primary and secondary data from manufacturing, construction, urban agriculture, trade, and service entrepreneurs found in Bahirdar, Dessie & Gonder Cities using a purposive sampling technique. It also used the descriptive research design with a self-administered survey questionnaire. The Statistical analysis tools, SPSS and Stata tool, software were applied to analyze the data. Multiple regression model results revealed that access to credit, initial capital, working premises (location), industry category, market linkage, ICT adoption have a positive relationship and a major impact on the Amhara region's enterprise performance determinant. Hence, the outcome variable, enterprise performance, is highly affected by all predicted variables. As the study finding shows, a lack of access to credit, inflation, market linkage, working premises (location), Initial capital, Information communication Technology problems are critical challenges of SMEs. The Regional Government, including Technique and Vocational Enterprise Development Bureau, Micro Finance Institutions, Entrepreneurs, should take corrective action to provide sufficient credit and long-term loans to protect inflation. Government facilitates enterprise integration training about financial management and record-keeping. Moreover, this study proposed a sustainable cluster management approach that solves their challenges in an integrated way. Furthermore, other research should be conducted in this area.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN PRODUKTIF SISWA KELAS XI SMK NEGERI 34 JAKARTA
Authors: Septyani Awalia , Suyitno  , Daryanto
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family environment and learning independence with the learning achievement. In this study using the ex post facto descriptive correlative method with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were students of class XI TITL at SMK Negeri 34 Jakarta as many as 68 people. Data collection methods for family environment variables and learning independence using questionnaire models with Likert Scale, while for the variable learning achievement of productive subjects using the method of documentation in the form of pure value Mid-Term Exams. The results showed that the hypothesis test with a significance level of 5% obtained rcount = 0,711 and value of rtable = 0,239 where rcount > rtable shows that there is a relationship between variables, then the value of Fcount = 33,23 and Ftable = 3.14 where Fcount > Ftable shows that there is a significance between variables and a determination value of 0,505 which indicates that family environment and learning independence together have an effect of 51% on learning achievement.

 

ABSTRAK

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lingkungan keluarga dan kemandirian belajar dengan prestasi belajar mata pelajaran produktif. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode ex post facto yang bersifat deskriptif korelatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa/i kelas XI TITL di SMK Negeri 34 Jakarta sebanyak 68 orang. Metode pengambilan data untuk variabel lingkungan keluarga dan kemandirian belajar menggunakan kuesioner model angket dengan Skala Likert, sedangkan untuk variabel prestasi belajar mata pelajaran produktif menggunakan metode dokumentasi berupa nilai murni Ujian Tengah Semester. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa uji hipotesis dengan taraf signifikan 5% di peroleh nilai rhitung = 0,711 dan nilai rtabel = 0,239 dimana rhitung > rtabel menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antar variabel, kemudian nilai Fhitung = 33,23 dan Ftabel = 3,14 dimana Fhitung > Ftabel menunjukkan bahwa terdapat signifikansi antar variabel dan nilai determinasi sebesar 0,505 yang menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan keluarga dan kemandirian belajar secara bersama-sama memiliki pengaruh sebesar 51% terhadap prestasi belajar.
STRATEGY FOR SPORT SCIENCE PROGRESSIVE
Authors: Ardo Okilanda Ardo Okilanda , Dlis Firmansyah , Humaid Hidayat , Putra Dede Dwiansyah
Published: March 2021

The objective of this research is sport science campaign to society. This research used survey qualitative method conducted to students with 90 respondents made campaign task and used Instagram actively. The survey result from student’s task of sport science campaign by using Instagram the students was divided into three categories, they were 15% students used Instagram no more than one hour, 30% used Instagram for two hours and more than 65% used Instagram more than three hours. Based on the result, students have a big effect to contribute society knowledge in sport science by using Instagram.

Keywords: Community, Instagram, Sport Science
Prevalence of Medical Problems Associated with Playing the Great Highland Bagpipe: Survey Results and Comparisons to Other Musicians
Authors: Barr Deborah , Potter Patrick , Dusen Lee Van , Burke Jeanmarie
Published: March 2021

The number of players of the Great Highland bagpipes (GHB) involved in competition worldwide is unknown. Despite the rising popularity of piping and pipe band organizations, minimal information is available regarding the range of medical problems encountered in pipers. The purpose of
this study was to describe the neuromusculoskeletal problems experienced by bagpipers. A survey adapted from the National Flute Association Medical Problems Survey was used and distributed to pipers in the United States and Canada (n = 123). The demographic profile showed that 31% of
the respondents have played the GHB for 3 to 8 yrs and 29% have played 20+ yrs. On average, pipers practiced 5 to 15 hrs/wk, and the most common sites of musculoskeletal complaint were the left arm and lower back (32% each). Loss of finger coordination (21%) and neck pain or stiffness (19%)
were the next most common complaints. Pain and stiffness were also reported in the left (17%) and right (15%) hand and the left shoulder (11%). The survey results support the concerns expressed by pipers regarding problems resulting from playing the GHB and find these issues correlate with
those described in other musician populations. Having determined the primary areas of concern, identifying possible biomechanical and ergonomic issues, as well as instrument-specific strengthening techniques may decrease rates of neuromusculoskeletal problems in the piping population.
Body Physique and Composition in Premenarchal Ballerinas and Female Athletes in Aesthetic Sports
Authors: Misigoj-Durakovic Marjeta , Vucetic Vlatko , Durakovic Zijad , Wolf-Cvitak Jasenka , Matkovic Branka , Corovic Naima , Bonevski Aleksandra
Published: March 2021

Ballet, rhythmic gymnastics, and figure skating are disciplines that are begun early in childhood and pose high demands on the performers’ functional and energy capacities, which may influence the development of the body's physique and composition. This study investigated whether
differences in the body's physique and composition were preexistent in young, premenarchal ballerinas and female athletes in aesthetic sport disciplines before training was started. Twenty-four anthropometric measurements were made of body physique and composition, and body mass index (BMI)
and fat percentage were calculated. The groups of premenarchal dancers and athletes did not differ significantly in body height, body mass, or BMI. They also showed similarities in skeletal measurements, with the exception of ankle diameter. In measurements sensitive to specific training loads,
significant differences were found, most notably in figure skaters, who had markedly greater arm circumferences than did ballerinas and rhythmic gymnasts. Ballerinas and rhythmic gymnasts did not have significant differences in soft tissues measurements, with the exception of the calf skinfold
thickness, which was significantly greater in ballerinas. Skinfold thickness and body fat percentage were higher in skaters than in rhythmic gymnasts and ballerinas. Young ballerinas and rhythmic gymnasts were more slender with lower skinfold values and limb circumferences than skaters.
Performing Artists and Self-Care
Authors: Brodsky Marc
Published: March 2021

The Arts Medicine Master Class case discussion on Myofascial Pain in a Guitarist (MPPA December 2005) reinforced some of the take-home points from an earlier article entitled An Innovative Patient-centered Approach to Common Playing-related Pain Conditions in Musicians (MPPA December
2004)2 and the more recent abstract presentation and workshop at the 2005 Aspen Conference: 1) myofascial trigger points are a common component of pain syndromes; 2) the short-term solution to myofascial pain is addressing trigger points, and the longterm solution is managing potentiators
of pain (practice habits, posture, ligament laxity, psychological stress, etc.); and 3) self-care can contribute to the short-term and long-term solutions to myofascial pain.
Risk Factors for Playing-related Pain among Piano Teachers
Authors: Yoshimura Eri , Fjellman-Wiklund Anncristine , Mia Paul Pamela , Aerts Cyriel , Chesky Kris
Published: March 2021

Previous study on the etiology of musculoskeletal problems among elite pianists, including college piano majors, suggest that playing-related pain is traceable, in part, to intrinsic factors such as flexibility and hand size. Musculoskeletal problems among other piano groups, particularly
teachers, are less understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate piano teachers and the relationships between playing-related pain and several independent variables. In a study conducted as a replication of a previous study of college pianists, results showed that 91% of piano teachers
(n = 47) experience pain while playing. Data from this study support previous findings by highlighting hand size and “overall health” as important related variables. Additional findings suggest that playing-related pain among piano teachers may be positively correlated to
stretching as part of warm-up and inversely related to amount of playing. Results continue to support the need for interventions that focus on changing the standard piano key size to better fit pianists with small hands.
Adult Musicians' Perceived and Measured Pulmonary Function
Authors: Rohwer Debbie
Published: March 2021

The research questions for this study were 1) what was the measured pulmonary function of a group of senior adult musicians, and 2) was there a perceived and measured difference between senior adult musicians' pulmonary function scores before and after a rehearsal? The participants
in this study were 57 adult musicians in two senior citizen bands in north Texas. Participants completed spirometry tests administered before and after band rehearsals on two occasions to ascertain repeated pulmonary function scores. Results showed that the participants were able to complete
the spirometry task at the most basic level. On most pulmonary function measures, younger participants, males, and non-smokers tended to have higher scores. Seven percent of the participants perceived short-term increases in breath capacity after participating in a given rehearsal, and 35%
of the participants perceived increases in breath capacity since joining the band. No statistically significant difference between the mean pulmonary function scores were found before and after rehearsal. Implications are addressed concerning the issues related to the measurement and pedagogy
of adult music making.
Compression of the Posterior Interosseous Nerve Due to an Occult Ganglion Cyst in the Elbow of an Amateur Pianist
Authors: Su Wei-Ren , Cheng Shun-Chien , Yong Ing-Sing , Jou I-Ming
Published: March 2021

The continued growth of recreational and professional instrument playing is accompanied by the need for health care providers who can recognize and treat conditions in musicians that have traditionally been associated with other occupational injuries. This is particularly important
when early diagnosis and prompt intervention may alter the outcome. We present an interesting case of paralysis of the posterior interosseous nerve caused by a ganglion at the arcade of Frohse (supinator arch) in close proximity to the extensor carpi radialis brevis. The patient was an amateur
pianist who developed the ganglion after intensive piano practice for 3 months. The patient experienced complete pain relief with full preservation of function after treatment. We review the evaluation, diagnosis, biomechanical pathogenesis, and current treatment algorithms for this cyst.
Big Five Personality Traits and Marching Music Injuries
Authors: Levy Jacob J , Lounsbury John W , Kent Kimberly N
Published: March 2021

In a sample of 155 world-class drum and bugle corps performers, we studied marching music-related injuries in relation to the Big Five personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, extraversion, and openness). Correlation and multiple regression analyses
revealed concurrent relationships between the Big Five personality traits and self-reported injury. A linear combination of the Big Five traits accounted for 13% of the total variance in activity-related injuries. Two traits, openness and emotional stability, contributed significant unique
variance in self-reported, marching music-related injuries. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Time Since Burning and Rainfall Characteristics Impact Post-Fire Debris-Flow Initiation and Magnitude
Authors: McGuire Luke A. , Rengers Francis K. , Oakley Nina , Kean Jason W. , Staley Dennis M. , Tang Hui , de Orla-Barile Marian , Youberg Ann M.
Published: March 2021

The extreme heat from wildfire alters soil properties and incinerates vegetation, leading to changes in infiltration capacity, ground cover, soil erodibility, and rainfall interception. These changes promote elevated rates of runoff and sediment transport that increase the likelihood of runoff-generated debris flows. Debris flows are most common in the year immediately following wildfire, but temporal changes in the likelihood and magnitude of debris flows following wildfire are not well constrained. In this study, we combine measurements of soil-hydraulic properties with vegetation survey data and numerical modeling to understand how debris-flow threats are likely to change in steep, burned watersheds during the first 3 years of recovery. We focus on documenting recovery following the 2016 Fish Fire in the San Gabriel Mountains, California, and demonstrate how a numerical model can be used to predict temporal changes in debris-flow properties and initiation thresholds. Numerical modeling suggests that the 15-minute intensity-duration (ID) threshold for debris flows in post-fire year 1 can vary from 15 to 30 mm/hr, depending on how rainfall is temporally distributed within a storm. Simulations further demonstrate that expected debris-flow volumes would be reduced by more than a factor of three following 1 year of recovery and that the 15-minute rainfall ID threshold would increase from 15 to 30 mm/hr to greater than 60 mm/hr by post-fire year 3. These results provide constraints on debris-flow thresholds within the San Gabriel Mountains and highlight the importance of considering local rainfall characteristics when using numerical models to assess debris-flow and flood potential.
Measurements of Velocity Profiles in Natural Debris Flows: A View behind the Muddy Curtain
Authors: Nagl Georg , Hübl Johannes , Kaitna Roland
Published: March 2021

The internal deformation behavior of natural debris flows is of interest for model development and model testing for debris-flow hazard mitigation. Up to now, only a few attempts have been made to measure velocity profiles in natural debris flows due to the low predictability and high destructive power of these flows. In this contribution, we present recent advances to measure in-situ velocity profiles together with flow parameters like flow height, basal normal stress, and pore fluid pressure. This was accomplished by constructing a fin-shaped monitoring barrier with an array of paired conductivity sensors in the middle of Gadria Creek, Italy. We present results from two natural debris-flow events. Compared to the first event on July 10, 2017, the second event on August 19, 2017, was visually more liquid. Both debris flows exhibited significant longitudinal changes of flow properties like flow height and density. The liquefaction ratios reached values up to unity in some sections of the flows. Velocity profiles for the July event were mostly concave-up, while the profiles for the more liquid event in August were linear to convex. These measurements provide new insights into the dynamics of real-scale debris flows.
Hybrid Physics-Based and Data-Driven Modeling for Improved Standpipe Pressure Prediction
Authors: Erge Oney , van Oort Eric
Published: March 2021

During drilling operations, it is common to see pump pressure spikes when flow is initiated, including after a connection or after a prolonged break in drilling operations. It is important to be able to predict the magnitude of such pressure spikes to avoid compromising wellbore integrity. This study shows how a hybrid approach using data-driven machine learning coupled with physics-based modeling can be used to accurately predict the magnitude of pressure spikes.

To model standpipe pressure behavior, machine learning techniques were combined with physics-based models via a rule-based, stochastic decision-making algorithm. To start, neural networks and deep learning models were trained using time-series drilling data. From there, physics-based equations that model the pressure required to break the mud's gel strength as well as the flow of non-Newtonian fluids through the entire circulation system were used to simulate standpipe pressure. Then, these two highly different methods for predicting/modeling standpipe pressure were combined by a hidden Markov model using a set of rules and transition probabilities.

By combining machine learning and physics-based approaches, the best features of each model are leveraged by the hidden Markov model, yielding a more accurate and robust prediction of pressure. A similar result is not achievable with a purely data-driven black-box model, because it lacks a connection to the underlying physics. Our study highlights how drilling data analysis can be optimally leveraged. The overarching conclusion: hybrid modeling can more accurately predict pump pressure spikes and capture the transient events at flow initiation when compared to physics-based or machine learning models used in isolation. Moreover, the approach is not limited to pressure behavior but can be applied to a wide range of well construction operations. The proposed approach is easy to implement and the details of implementation are presented in this study.

Being able to accurately model and manage the pressure response during drilling operations is essential, especially for wells drilled in narrow-margin environments. Pressure can be more accurately predicted through our proposed hybrid modeling, leading to safer, more optimized operations.
High-throughput detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Aynaud Marie-Ming , Hernandez J. Javier , Barutcu Seda , Braunschweig Ulrich , Chan Kin , Pearson Joel D. , Trcka Daniel , Prosser Suzanna L. , Kim Jaeyoun , Barrios-Rodiles Miriam , Jen Mark , Song Siyuan , Shen Jess , Bruce Christine , Hazlett Bryn , Poutanen Susan , Attisano Liliana , Bremner Rod , Blencowe Benjamin J. , Mazzulli Tony , Han Hong , Pelletier Laurence , Wrana Jeffrey L.
Published: March 2021

Population scale sweeps of viral pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2, require high intensity testing for effective management. This protocol describes the “Systematic Parallel Analysis of RNA coupled to Sequencing for Covid-19 screening” (C19-SPAR-Seq), a multiplexed, scalable, readily automated platform for SARS-CoV-2 detection that is capable of analyzing tens of thousands of patient samples in a single run. To address strict requirements for control of assay parameters and output demanded by clinical diagnostics, we employed a control-based Precision-Recall and Receiver Operator Characteristics (coPR) analysis to assign run-specific quality control metrics. C19-SPAR-Seq coupled to coPR on a trial cohort of several hundred patients performed with a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 91% on samples with low viral loads, and a sensitivity of > 95% on high viral loads associated with disease onset and peak transmissibility. This study establishes the feasibility of employing C19-SPAR-Seq for the large-scale monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens.
Salmonella Typhimurium L Forms Induce Vascular Endothelial Cell Apoptosis via Mitochondrial-dependent Pathway
Authors: Zhai Jinhai , Yang Cuiping , Zhang Tao , Chen Dengyu
Published: March 2021

BackgroundSalmonella typhimurium is a pathogenic gram-negative bacterium, which is found primarily in the intestinal lumen. It often causes diarrhea in infants and young children and leads to food poisoning, as well as septicemia and septic shock. In this study, we investigated the phenomenon and mechanism of vascular endothelial cells apoptosis induced by Salmonella typhimurium L forms, in order to recognize and control Salmonella typhimurium L-form infection.Methods The apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells at 8 hours after infection with Salmonella typhimurium L forms was determined by flow cytometric assay and fluoroscopy of Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Caspase-9 was detected by spectrophotometer. Results Salmonella typhimurium L forms can induce apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells, with significant difference in the apoptosis rate compared with the control. Caspase-9 expression is higher than that of the control. Conclusion The ability to induce cell apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells by Salmonella typhimurium L forms may be related to mitochondria apoptosis pathway depending on Caspase-9.
Realizing the potential of metallic iron for environmental remediation: Flee or adapt?
Authors: Hu Rui , Yang Huichen , Cao Viet , Amoah Bernard Konadu , Ndé-Tchoupé Arnaud Igor , Gwenzi Willis , Ruppert Hans , Noubactep Chicgoua
Published: March 2021

The evidence that metallic iron (Fe0) is not an environmental reducing agent has been declared to be a claim. Researchers presenting their findings in a scientific journal have to accept the burden of proving that their argumentation has any validity. This 30-year-lasting discussion within the Fe0 remediation community is alien to graduate chemists, as it is a century old electrochemistry knowledge. Nevertheless, the peer review literature on "remediation using Fe0" seems to be aggressively controlled by self-appointed experts (e.g., journal editors) who are not tolerating any alternative thinking. This communication demonstrates the fallacy of the view that Fe0 donates any electron to a dissolved species. The sole goal is to reconcile a proven efficient technology with his scientific roots, and enable the design of better Fe0 remediation systems.
MiR-218-5p promotes breast cancer progression via LRIG1
Authors: Qian Mingping , Xu Hui , Song Hongming , Xi Hao , Fang Lin
Published: March 2021

Background : MiR-218-5p is a small non-coding RNA acting as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in human cancer. The expression levels of some miRNAs in human breast cancer plays a potential role in disease pathogenesis. Methods : Thirty pairs of invasive ductal carcinoma and adjacent specimens were included in the study. Breast tissues cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were identified as a breast cancer research cell line. MiR-218-5p mimics, miR-218-5p inhibitor, or negative controls were transfected. Specific antibodies were probed with LRIG1, ErbB2, and EGFR. Proliferation, migration, cell cycle and apoptosis, dual-luciferase reporter assay and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze miR-218-5p、LRIG1 and so on. Results : It was shown that miR-218-5p expression was higher in 30 breast cancer specimens than adjacent normal breast tissues. In human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, restoring miR-218-5p promoted cell proliferation and migration and inhibited cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G1 stage. Luciferase assays indicated miR-218-5p could bind with its putative target site in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of LRIG1. RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunocytochemistry analyses all indicated miR-218-5p overexpression results in LRIG1 downregulation at the mRNA and protein levels. ErbB2 and EGFR were found to be downstream effectors of miR-218-5p. Conclusion : MiR-218-5p promotes ErbB2 and EGFR expression by inhibiting LRIG1 in breast cancer cells, which suggests miR-218-5p and LRIG1 may act as an oncogene in breast cancer and it could be used as a therapeutic target for breast cancer treatments. Keywords: Breast cancer; miR-218-5p; LRIG1; Oncogene
Natural regeneration of Pinus spp. around seed production areas and orchards
Authors: Santos Magda , Araujo Marcio , Silva Paulo
Published: March 2021

This study aims at determining the establishment potential of the main species of the Pinus genus planted in Brazil and broaden the knowledge on the conditions that facilitate the invasion. The density of regenerants neighboring pine stands planted with 35 populations of Pinus spp. (P. caribaea (var. bahamensis and var. caribaea), P. elliottii, P. kesiya, P. merkussi, P. oocarpa, P. patula, P. pseudstrobus, P. strobus, P. taeda, and P. tecunomanii) was evaluated in three locations in the state of São Paulo. The vegetal covers neighboring the pine stands were evaluated regarding native vegetation occupation, open area, and eucalypts plantation. The census of regenerants was conducted up to 100 m away from the pine stand edges; samples were collected over an area divided into four 25m-wide transects. In each transect, the regenerants were quantified and classified into three size classes: sprouts (≤ 0.3 m), seedlings (≥ 0.3 m ≤ 1.0 m), and trees (> 1.0 m). The results indicate that Pinus elliottii is the species with the greatest invasion potential in the studied areas since it adapts to different environments. Areas without established vegetation favored regeneration, indicating the effect of the environment on regeneration occurrence. The number of regenerants increased near the seed source but decreased significantly between 50 and 100 m away, despite the directional effect of the prevailing winds and the long-distance dispersal capacity of the genus.
Environmental Impacts to Surface Water from Confined and Grass-Based Dairy Farms
Authors: Li Aoze , Zhu Jiahui
Published: March 2021

There is little research on the effects of confined dairy farms and grass-based dairy farms on the surrounding surface water environment. This study was conducted through sampling and analysis of seven dairy farms in the Northern Hemisphere, especially between 38-degree to 45-degree north latitude. The correlation between the effect of confined dairy farms and grass-based dairy farms on the surrounding surface water (mainly Phosphorus runoff and Nitrogen precipitation) and pasture scale and waste management were obtained.
Traditional Water Management Systems in Afghanistan; Lessons for the Future
Authors: Mahaqi Ali
Published: March 2021

As far as the Afghans could remember, water resources management was a fundamental part of their life. They learned through history to administer the available water supplies to deal with their environment’s challenges. Also, climate change intensifies the problems at present. The Afghan communities by using techniques and rules could manage the water. Mir Ab is the person, administering the water distribution systems and works along with local communities to regulate water efficiently and fairly. Mir Ab controls the systems such as karezes, canals, and wells which has important role in different places around Afghanistan based on their geographical settings. Firstly, Kareze plays a critical role in water management and consisted of multiple shafts and main inclined tunnel to bring subsurface water to the surface. Secondly, Canals brings waters to the areas where are rather close to main rivers. Thirdly, wells used in most area and the common one, traditionally, they provide drinking water for societies. Understanding the traditional water supplies facilities in the country remind Afghan people that water is highly valuable commodity, and then the current water associated officials should pay more attention and do their best to manage it. The main goal of this work is highlighting the importance of water for our ancestors, while it ignored significantly by current Government of Afghanistan. Besides, providing a guideline map to look forward and applying right strategies. In short, we hope this paper remind those who are responsible in this field to value the importance of water in Afghanistan.
Cornel iridoid glycoside ameliorated Alzheimer's disease-like pathologies and necroptosis through RIPK1/MLKL pathway in young and aged SAMP8 mice
Authors: Ma Denglei , Li Yanzheng , Zhu Yanqiu , Wei Weipeng , Zhang Li , Li Yali , li lin , Zhang Lan
Published: March 2021

Background

Aging is an important risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) is used as an animal model for brain aging and sporadic AD researches. The aim of the current study was to investigate the pharmacological effects of cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG), an active ingredient of Cornus officinalis, on AD-type pathological changes in young and aged SAMP8 mice.
Methods

Nissl and immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect NeuN-labeled neurons and myelin basic protein-labeled myelin sheath,. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of related proteins of synapse, APP processing and necroptosis.
Results

The results showed that SAMP8 mice at the age of 6 and 14 months exhibited age-related neuronal loss, demyelination, synaptic damage, and APP amyloidogenic processing. In addition, the increased levels of receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1), mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) and p-MLKL indicating necroptosis were found in the brain of SAMP8 mice. Intragastric administration of CIG for 2 months alleviated neuronal loss and demyelination, increased the expression of synaptophysin, postsynaptic density protein 95 and AMPA receptor subunit 1, elevated the levels of soluble APPα fragment and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10), and decreased the levels of RIPK1, p-MLKL and MLKL in the brain of young and aged SAMP8 mice.
Conclusion

This study denoted that CIG might be a potential drug for aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
Comparison of Optical, Electrical, and Surface Characteristics of InGaN Thin Films at Non-Flow and Small Nitrogen Flow Cases
Authors: Mantarcı Asim
Published: March 2021

InGaN films in the non-flow and a small flow of nitrogen cases were fabricated by the RFMS (Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputter) method to compare crucial physical characteristics of its material. From the XRD analysis, application of small nitrogen flow in InGaN thin film growth has been observed to result in changes in the crystal size, texture coefficient, and crystal structure parameters of the film. AFM results showed both films obtained have tightly packed granular, and almost homogeneous, and Nano-structural properties, but they are different in roughness, as increased by applying small nitrogen flow. Optical conductance peaks of the material in non-flow and small flow case were 1.3957 x 1010 and 1.1496 x 1010 (S/m), showed a decrement in optical conductance by small nitrogen flow. In the same manner, electrical conductance peaks of the material in non-flow and small flow case were 5.2512 x 1012 and 5.2236 x 1012 (S), showed a decrement in electrical conductance by small nitrogen flow. In addition, the electrical conductivity of the InGaN material has been obtained at higher than the optical conductivity value of the InGaN material in both cases. Also, it was noticed that direct allowed optical band gap energy non-flow and small flow cases were 2.4701 and 2.5225 eV, displayed increased by applied small nitrogen flow. Essentially, many noteworthy physical properties such as crystalline size, texture coefficient, optical/electrical conductivity, the surface roughness of the films have been compared and studied for the non-flow and a small flow of nitrogen cases.
Three-Dimensional, Problem-Based Instruction in Middle School: Do students Need to Get Down and Dirty to Learn Ecology?
Authors: Gonczi Amanda , Bergman Brenda , Huntoon Jacqueline
Published: March 2021

This study analyzes 143 6 th -grade students’ open-ended responses prior to and following their participation in a three-dimensional, problem-based ecology curriculum unit. By the end of the unit, students were more likely to make accurate claims about the direct ( p = 0.003) and indirect effects ( p = 0.000) of a decrease in size of a top predator population. In addition, on a near-transfer assessment question, students were more likely to articulate long-term effects and feedback loops that reflected systems reasoning on the post-test as compared to the pre-test ( p = 0.015). Students were also more likely to make comparisons between graphs on the post-test than pre-test ( p = 0 .000). There was evidence of far-transfer learning in regards to the mediating effect of food abundance on a predator population, but not in regards to the influence of an abiotic factor on populations. In light of these findings, ecology learning progressions may need to be more fine-grained to distinguish between students’ ability to identify and reason about specific cause and effect relationships in ecosystems. The findings also suggest three-dimensional problem-based learning provides an effective alternative to field-based ecology curriculum in K-12 classrooms.
Plasma EBV miRNAs Profiles Reveal Potential Biomarkers for clinical prognosis of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome-related Lymphoma
Authors: Chen Ying , Hui Jiangjin , Peng Xiaorong , Huang Ying , Xu Yan , Zhu Biao
Published: March 2021

Background:Acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related lymphoma (ARL) is closely related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. However, there are few studies on the occurrence and development of EBV microRNAs (miRNAs) in ARL patients.Methods:The plasma of 5 EBV-infected ARL patients and 8 EBV-infected HIV patients were screened for EBV miRNAs differentially expressed between the two groups through a customized EBV microRNA quantification chip. The plasma of 35 EBV-infected ARL patients and 20 EBV-infected HIV patients was verified by qRT-PCR expanded samples. And we gave a further analysis of the correlation between differentially expressed EBV miRNAs and clinical indicators in ARL patients.Results:1. There were differential expressions of EBV miRNAs in the plasma of EBV-infected ARL patients and EBV-infected HIV patients. It was found that ebv-miR-BART2-5p, ebv-miR-BART8-3p, ebv-miR-BART15, ​​ebv-miR-BART19-5p expression was significantly up-regulated and ebv-miR-BART9-5p expression was significantly down-regulated; 2. EBV miRNAs with significantly different expressions in the screening results were expanded and verified by qRT-PCR, and the differential expression was found to be consistent with the screening results; 3. The relative expression levels of ebv-miR-BART8-3p,ebv-miR-BART19-5p and ebv-miR-BART9-5p in plasma were positive correlated with the international prognostic index (IPI) score of Lymphoma, eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) scores are the incidence of lymphoma B symptoms (P = 0.03, 0.01, and 0.04, respectively);4. EBV miRNAs could be used as biomarkers for ARL prognosis evaluation.Conclusions:The expression of ebv-miR-BART2-5p, ebv-miR-BART8-3p, ebv-miR-BART15, ebv-miR-BART19-5p, ebv-miR-BART9-5p and ebv-miR-BART6-3p in ARL patients were highly different; and ebv-miR-BART8-3p, ebv-miR-BART19-5p, ebv-miR-BART9-5p could be used as the biomarkers of the prognosis of ARL evaluation.
Increased COVID-19 Infection Susceptibility and Adverse Outcomes Due to Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Xiaomin , Mazidi Mohsen , Kirwan Richard , Li Yixuan , Zhao Bingtong , Kandiah Jayanthi , Wang Youfa
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Study bidirectional relationships between weight gain, obesity and COVID-19 infection risk during the pandemic.Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, MedRxiv, and WHO COVID-19 Database were searched till June 2, 2020. Newspaper and internet article sources were identified using a media database. Meta-analysis was conducted using random- and fixed effect models.Results: Ten studies published from 5 countries met inclusion criteria; five studies (provided 17 analyses/types of results) were included in meta-analysis. The studies suggested bidirectional relationships and some dose-response relationships. Meta-analysis showed obesity was associated with increased COVID-19 infection risk (Odds ratio, OR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.41, 2.02). COVID-19 risk increased with obesity (OR=1.43 (1.18, 1.73)) and severe obesity (OR=1.96 (1.49, 2.59)). Obesity was positively associated with COVID-19 mortality (OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.25) and its severity: admission to intensive care unit (ICU) (OR=2.01 (1.25, 3.23)), and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) use (OR=8.20 (2.10, 31.91)). We also observed a stronger association in younger age groups (β=-0.29 (-0.47 to -0.10)).Conclusions: Obesity was positively associated with higher COVID-19 infection risk, severity, and mortality. Appropriate treatment of COVID-19 patients with obesity and weight management are warranted.