bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy-effective artificial internet-of-things application deployment in edge-cloud systems
Authors: Xiang Zhengzhe , Zheng Yuhang , He Mengzhu , Shi Longxiang , Wang Dongjing , Deng Shuiguang , Zheng Zengwei
Published: December 2021

Recently, the Internet-of-Things technique is believed to play an important role as the foundation of the coming Artificial Intelligence age for its capability to sense and collect real-time context information of the world, and the concept Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) is developed to summarize this vision. However, in typical centralized architecture, the increasing of device links and massive data will bring huge congestion to the network, so that the latency brought by unstable and time-consuming long-distance network transmission limits its development. The multi-access edge computing (MEC) technique is now regarded as the key tool to solve this problem. By establishing a MEC-based AIoT service system at the edge of the network, the latency can be reduced with the help of corresponding AIoT services deployed on nearby edge servers. However, as the edge servers are resource-constrained and energy-intensive, we should be more careful in deploying the related AIoT services, especially when they can be composed to make complex applications. In this paper, we modeled complex AIoT applications using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), and investigated the relationship between the AIoT application performance and the energy cost in the MEC-based service system by translating it into a multi-objective optimization problem, namely the CA$$^3$$

3

D problem — the optimization problem was efficiently solved with the help of heuristic algorithm. Besides, with the actual simple or complex workflow data set like the Alibaba Cloud and the Montage project, we conducted comprehensive experiments to evaluate the results of our approach. The results showed that the proposed approach can effectively obtain balanced solutions, and the factors that may impact the results were also adequately explored.
Predicting postoperative transfusion in elective total HIP and knee arthroplasty: Comparison of different machine learning models of a case-control study
Authors: Huang ZeYu , Martin John , Huang Qiang , Ma Jun , Pei FuXing , Huang Cheng
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background

Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is a very successful orthopedics procedure but associates with a significantly high transfusion rate.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to determine predictors of postoperative blood transfusion in patients undergoing elective hip and knee TJA patients and compare the accuracy of machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting transfusion risk.

Methods

We utilized data from 12,642 patients undergoing primary unilateral TJA. Risk factors and demographic information were extracted, and predictive models were developed using seven ML algorithms. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to measure the predictive accuracy of each algorithm.

Results

The overall transfusion rate was 18.7%. Patient-related risk factors for transfusion included age 65–85 (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.175–1.222), female (OR: 1.246), American Society of Anesthesiologists grade II or greater (OR: 1.264–2.758). Surgical factors included operation time (OR: 1.736), drain use (OR: 2.202) as well as intraoperative blood loss (OR: 7.895). Elevated preoperative Hb (OR: 0.615), Hct (OR: 0.800), BMI (≥24 kg/m2) (OR: 0.613–0.731) and tranexamic acid use (OR: 0.375) were associated with decreased risk of postoperative transfusion. The long short-term memory networks (LSTM) and random forest (RF) models achieved the highest predictive accuracy (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The risk factors identified in the current study can provide specific, personalized postoperative transfusion risk assessment for a patient considering lower limb TJA. Furthermore, the predictive accuracies of LSTM and RF algorithms were significantly higher than the others, making them potential tools for future personalized preoperative prediction of risk for postoperative transfusion.

Highlights
Analysing a non-IR field through IR lenses. Education in post-conflict Kosovo
Authors: Selenica Ervjola
Published: December 2021

The paper argues that education is relevant for both domestic and international reasons and without an incorporation of the international within the national it is not possible to understand education's changes and transformations in post-conflict and conflict-affected contexts. The paper aims to connect the local to the global by investigating their dynamic interaction through the peculiar lenses of international assistance to education reform in post-conflict Kosovo. It asks two questions: (1) how do global agendas of peace and security affect education reforms in conflict-affected contexts? and (2) how does education reform in conflict-affected contexts interacts with and is related to broader, international dynamics, processes, and actors? More specifically, the paper analyses the role of international actors in traditionally national sectors and the multi-layered, hybrid governance of education reform within a broader statebuilding, peacebuilding, and stabilization perspective. The analysis is divided into two empirical instances: (i) education for liberal multicultural peace (1999–2013) and (ii) education against violent extremism and radicalization (2014–2019). The paper sheds light on the globalization and securitization of education as well as the changing forms and practice of statehood and sovereignty in times of post-war-reconstruction and fragility. A threat-containment and security-based logic has dictated priorities and determined choices in education reform and content.
Relaminarization of spanwise-rotating viscoelastic plane Couette flow via a transition sequence from a drag-reduced inertial to a drag-enhanced elasto-inertial turbulent flow
Authors: Zhu Yabiao , Song Jiaxing , Lin Fenghui , Liu Nansheng , Lu Xiyun , Khomami Bamin
Published: December 2021

Direct numerical simulation of spanwise-rotation-driven flow transitions in viscoelastic plane Couette flow from a drag-reduced inertial to a drag-enhanced elasto-inertial turbulent flow state followed by full relaminarization is reported for the first time. Specifically, this novel flow transition begins with a drag-reduced inertial turbulent flow state at a low rotation number

$0\leqslant Ro \leqslant 0.1$

, and then transitions to a rotation/polymer-additive-driven drag-enhanced inertial turbulent regime,

$0.1\leqslant Ro \leqslant 0.3$

. In turn, the flow transitions to a drag-enhanced elasto-inertial turbulent state,

$0.3\leqslant Ro \leqslant 0.9$

, and eventually relaminarizes at

$Ro=1$

. In addition, two novel rotation-dependent drag enhancement mechanisms are proposed and substantiated. (1) The formation of large-scale roll cells results in enhanced convective momentum transport along with significant polymer elongation and stress generated in the extensionally dominated flow between adjacent roll cells at

$Ro\leqslant 0.2$

. (2) Coriolis-force-generated turbulent vortices cause strong incoherent transport and homogenization of significant polymer stress in the bulk via their vortical circulations at

$Ro=0.5 - 0.9$

.
Understanding the relationship between networks, startup risk-taking behaviour, and digitalization: the role of ecosystem coopetition
Authors: Yang Junping , Zhu Min , Zhang Mengjie , Yao Kai
Published: December 2021

Technology that develops rapidly has profoundly affected the business field and reshaped some behaviours of corporations, and the discussion on startup risk-taking behaviour in the new era is still insufficient. Based on social network theory and social capital theory, this article studies how social networks and entrepreneurial ecosystems support startup risk-taking behaviour. This article cuts into this issue through the perspective of coopetition. Based on 737 responses, this article employs regression and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to explore the relationships between networks, ecosystem coopetition, and risk-taking behaviour. Results indicate that networks and coopetition may stimulate startup risk-taking behaviour, and coopetition may weaken the impacts of networks. There are replacement effects between different characteristics of networks, and there are several configurations, which may lead to high-level risk-taking. This article may help us understand startup risk-taking behaviour in the digital era and the positive impacts of ecosystems.
The idea of a beautiful death in Italian literature of the Great War
Authors: Moll Carlo
Published: December 2021

Through the comparative reading of Italian literature of the Great War (letteratura di guerra) published between 1915 and 1940, it will be shown that both among veterans of the conflict and civilian writers there existed a standardised image of falling ‘beautifully’ in combat that entailed specific components relating to location, time, final gestures and last invocations, and which aimed to make death in battle more militarily and culturally palatable for Italian audiences. At the same time, the letteratura di guerra presented naturalistic descriptions of the anonymous mass death of peasant soldiers and, thereby, created a pathos of beauty and suffering that made the Italian literature of the Great War prototypical for a new kind of spiritual realism that became one of the mainstreams of cultural expression in Fascist Italy.
The Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire and its modified short version validation in adults and children with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Katsimpris P , Tripsianis G , Printza A , Giotakis E , Simopoulos E , Constantinidis J , Katotomichelakis M
Published: December 2021

Objective

This study aimed to develop the Greek versions of the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire and Mini-Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire for adult and pediatric populations, discuss their differences and detect the impact of age and gender on quality of life questionnaire results.

Method

Ninety-eight patients with allergic rhinitis participated. Quality of Life evaluation was made by two generic (Short Form-36 and Beck Depression Inventory) and two disease-specific questionnaires (Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire and Mini-Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire). Symptom evaluation was made by the Total 5 Symptoms Score assessment.

Results

Internal consistency and test–retest reliability of both questionnaires was high. Convergent validity showed statistically significant negative correlations of total Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire and Mini-Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire with overall Short Form-36 Health Survey score and positive correlations with Beck Depression Inventory and Total 5 Symptoms Score. Discriminative validity demonstrated statistically significant improvement for all instruments and all domains after treatment. Females presented highly significant increased scores. Patient age was positively correlated with total scores of Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire and Mini-Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire. The clinically significant improvement after treatment was higher among females than males, while it was independent of patient age.

Conclusion

Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire and Mini-Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire proved to be valid and reliable methods of assessment of allergic rhinitis-related quality of life in children, adolescents and adults.
Phase transition to blob-hole coherent structure in the Hasegawa–Mima model for plasmas
Authors: Lim Chjan C.
Published: December 2021

An equilibrium statistical mechanics theory for the Hasegawa–Mima equations of toroidal plasmas, with canonical constraint on energy and microcanonical constraint on potential enstrophy, is solved exactly as a spherical model. The use of a canonical energy constraint instead of a fixed-energy microcanonical approach is justified by the preference for viewing real plasmas as an open system. A significant consequence of the results obtained from the partition function, free energy and critical temperature, is the condensation into a ground state exhibiting a blob-hole-like structure observed in real plasmas.
Salt
Authors:   Raqs Media Collective
Published: December 2021

Turning, and turning around, on the Rann does not alter the white horizon. Salt—brilliant under the sun—dazzles the eyes, opens the lachrymal canals. We taste our own salinity as time seasons us.
Ending and Excess
Authors: Goss Lindsay
Published: December 2021

In its willingness to expend resources towards the construction of worlds that end, theatre models the possibility of a response to crisis that refuses to make action in the present contingent upon the promise of a future. Three recent works reflect a contemporary metatheatrical preoccupation with this combination of exertion and conclusion, and suggest the need to reimagine conservation and sustainability once we’ve embraced the structuring logic of “the end.”
Language-switch costs from comprehension to production might just be task-switch costs
Authors: Li Chuchu , Gollan Tamar H.
Published: December 2021

Spanish–English bilinguals switched between naming pictures in one language and either reading-aloud or semantically classifying written words in both languages. When switching between reading-aloud and picture-naming, bilinguals exhibited no language switch costs in picture-naming even though they produced overt language switches in speech. However, when switching between semantic classification and picture-naming, bilinguals, especially unbalanced bilinguals, exhibited switch costs in the dominant language and switch facilitation in the nondominant language even though they never switched languages overtly. These results reveal language switching across comprehension and production can be cost-free when the intention remains the same. Assuming switch costs at least partially reflect inhibition of the nontarget language, this implies such language control mechanisms are recruited only under demanding task conditions, especially for unbalanced bilinguals. These results provide striking demonstration of adaptive control mechanisms and call into question previous claims that language switch costs necessarily transfer from comprehension to production.
Not All Black Lives Matter: Officer-Involved Deaths and the Role of Victim Characteristics in Shaping Political Interest and Voter Turnout
Authors: Burch Traci
Published: December 2021

This article presents evidence that exposure to officer-involved deaths of low-threat Black victims increases political interest and voter turnout among Black respondents under age 40 to the 2016 Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey. Victim race, threat level, and visibility affect the likelihood that an officer-involved death will mobilize political interest. Political interest and voter turnout are higher among the treatment group, which was exposed to high-visibility/low-threat Black victims only before participating in the CMPS, than in the control group, which was exposed to such victims only after taking the survey. Exposing young Black respondents to all victims without accounting for threat, visibility, or race does not affect political interest or voter turnout, suggesting the importance of these factors for mobilization. The findings clarify the role that Black Lives Matter activists, journalists, and watchdog groups can play in countering the police actions that shape the visibility and framing of Black victims of police violence.
How the Armero Tragedy Changed Volcanology in Colombia
Authors: Fl�rez Santiago , Garz�n Camilo
Published: December 2021

The deadly eruption of Nevado del Ruiz in 1985 made Colombian volcanologists realize that studying natural phenomena was irrelevant if they could not share their knowledge to avoid predictable tragedies.
Relationship Between Weather Regimes and Atmospheric Rivers in East Antarctica
Authors: Pohl Benjamin , Favier Vincent , Wille Jonathan , Udy Danielle G , Vance Tessa R , Pergaud Julien , Dutrievoz Niels , Blanchet Juliette , Kittel Christoph , Amory Charles , Krinner Gerhard , Codron Francis
Published: December 2021

Here, we define weather regimes in the East Antarctica—Southern Ocean sector based on daily anomalies of 700 hPa geopotential height derived from ERA5 reanalysis during 1979–2018. Most regimes and their preferred transitions depict synoptic‐scale disturbances propagating eastwards off the Antarctic coastline. While regime sequences are generally short, their interannual variability is strongly driven by the polarity of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Regime occurrences are then intersected with atmospheric rivers (ARs) detected over the same region and period. ARs are equiprobable throughout the year, but clearly concentrate during regimes associated with a strong atmospheric ridges/blockings on the eastern part of the domain, which act to channel meridional advection of heat and moisture from the lower latitudes towards Antarctica. Both regimes and ARs significantly shape climate variability in Antarctica. Regimes favorable to AR occurrences are associated with anomalously warm and humid conditions in coastal Antarctica and, to a lesser extent, the hinterland parts of the Antarctic plateau. These anomalies are strongly enhanced during AR events, with warmer anomalies and dramatically amplified snowfall amounts. Large‐scale conditions favoring AR development are finally explored. They show weak dependency to the SAM, but particularly strong atmospheric ridges/blockings over the Southern Ocean appear as the most favorable pattern, in which ARs can be embedded, and to which they contribute.
The Satellite Risk Prediction and Radiation Forecast System (SaRIF)
Authors: Horne Richard B. , Glauert Sarah A. , Kirsch Peter , Heynderickx Daniel , Bingham Suzy , Thorn Peter , Curran Babara‐Ann , Pitchford David , Haggarty Ewan , Wade David , Keil Ralf
Published: December 2021

With new satellite constellations being launched into low Earth orbit, the growing use of medium Earth orbit for radio‐navigation and timing signals, slot region orbits for telecommunications and the introduction of electric propulsion to reach geostationary orbit, there is a growing need to develop services to protect satellites from space weather. Here we highlight two recent events in relation to satellite operations. We summarize 10 user needs that arose out of meetings with satellite operators, designers, underwriters and space agency staff. We present the satellite risk prediction and radiation forecast (SaRIF) system which is designed to meet most of these needs. The system uses real‐time data as input to the BAS radiation belt model (BAS‐RBM) to solve the Fokker Planck equation and provides a forecast of the electron flux throughout the outer radiation belt with 1‐hr resolution up to 24 hr ahead. The electron flux is used to calculate charging currents, and is combined with GOES near real time proton fluxes to calculate dose rate and total ionizing dose behind set levels of shielding for satellites in Medium Earth orbit, Geostationary orbit and slot region orbits. The results are compared against design standards and presented as risk indicators to forecast the risk of damage. The system works automatically and is updated every hour. We also present data and a best reconstruction of the radiation environment which are held in a searchable archive for satellite anomaly resolution. The SaRIF system is available via the European Space Agency space weather web portal.
The computational analyses, molecular dynamics of fatty-acid transport mechanism to the CD36 receptor
Authors: Akachar Jihane , Etchebest Catherine , El Jaoudi Rachid , Ibrahimi Azeddine
Published: December 2021

The transmembrane glycoprotein CD36, which is responsible of the metabolic disorders, and the elevated intake of fat induces lipid buildup, is a multifunctional scavenger receptor signaling those functions in high-affinity tissue uptake of long-chain fatty acids. In this study, we used series of molecular dynamics simulations of the wild type and mutants types K164A CD36 protein interacting with one palmitic acid (PLM) besides simulations of the wild type interacting with the three PLM to find out the mechanism of the functioning of the complex CD36/Fatty acids and the unraveling of the role of the mutation. Additionally we determined whether Lys164, mostly exposed to protein surface, played important roles in fatty acid uptake. These simulations revealed, the conformational changes induced by Lys164 residue and the altered interactions induced by the mutagenesis of surface lysine that was badly influencing the folding, utility, solubility, and stability form of the variant. Furthermore, Lys164 residue provided the structural basis of forming an opening at the region of principal portal for the dissociation of palmitic acid. The results of our simulations revealed hole two fatty acids found in CD36 cavity structure and it was the most preferred to CD36 structure stabilization.
Haemodynamic-dependent arrest of circulating tumour cells at large blood vessel bifurcations as new model for metastasis
Authors: Casas-Arozamena Carlos , Otero-Cacho Alberto , Carnero Bastian , Almenglo Cristina , Aymerich Maria , Alonso-Alconada Lorena , Ferreiros Alba , Abalo Alicia , Bao-Varela Carmen , Flores-Arias Maria Teresa , Alvarez Ezequiel , Munuzuri Alberto P. , Abal Miguel
Published: December 2021

Homing of circulating tumour cells (CTC) at distant sites represents a critical event in metastasis dissemination. In addition to physical entrapment, probably responsible of the majority of the homing events, the vascular system provides with geometrical factors that govern the flow biomechanics and impact on the fate of the CTC. Here we mathematically explored the distribution of velocities and the corresponding streamlines at the bifurcations of large blood vessel and characterized an area of low-velocity at the carina of bifurcation that favours the residence of CTC. In addition to this fluid physics effect, the adhesive capabilities of the CTC provide with a biological competitive advantage resulting in a marginal but systematic arrest as evidenced by dynamic in vitro recirculation in Y-microchannels and by perfusion in in vivo mice models. Our results also demonstrate that viscosity, as a main determinant of the Reynolds number that define flow biomechanics, may be modulated to limit or impair CTC accumulation at the bifurcation of blood vessels, in agreement with the apparent positive effect observed in the clinical setting by anticoagulants in advanced oncology disease.
Effect of vitamin D on cognitive decline: results from two ancillary studies of the VITAL randomized trial
Authors: Kang Jae H. , Vyas Chirag M. , Okereke Olivia I. , Ogata Soshiro , Albert Michelle , Lee I.-Min , D’Agostino Denise , Buring Julie E. , Cook Nancy R. , Grodstein Francine , Manson JoAnn E.
Published: December 2021

Low vitamin D levels have been associated with cognitive decline; however, few randomized trials have been conducted. In a trial, we evaluated vitamin D3 supplementation on cognitive decline. We included participants aged 60+ years (mean[SD] = 70.9[5.8] years) free of cardiovascular disease and cancer in two substudies in the VITAL 2 × 2 randomized trial of vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day of cholecalciferol) and fish oil supplements: 3424 had cognitive assessments by phone (eight neuropsychologic tests; 2.8 years follow-up) and 794 had in-person assessments (nine tests; 2.0 years follow-up). The primary, pre-specified outcome was decline over two assessments in global composite score (average z-scores of all tests); substudy-specific results were meta-analyzed. The pooled mean difference in annual rate of decline (MD) for vitamin D3 versus placebo was 0.01 (95% CI − 0.01, 0.02; p = 0.39). We observed no interaction with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin-D levels (p-interaction = 0.84) and a significant interaction with self-reported race (p-interaction = 0.01). Among Black participants (19%), those assigned vitamin D3 versus placebo had better cognitive maintenance (MD = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01, 0.08, similar to that observed for Black participants 1.2 years apart in age). Thus, vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day cholecalciferol) supplementation was not associated with cognitive decline over 2–3 years among community-dwelling older participants but may provide modest cognitive benefits in older Black adults, although these results need confirmation.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov; VITAL (NCT01169259), VITAL-DEP (NCT01696435) and VITAL-Cog (NCT01669915); the date the registration for the parent trial (NCT01169259) was submitted to the registry: 7/26/2010 and the date of first patient enrollment in either of the ancillary studies for cognitive function in a subset of eligible VITAL participants: 9/14/2011.
Famines and likelihood of consecutive megadroughts in India
Authors: Mishra Vimal , Aadhar Saran
Published: December 2021

Consecutive failures in the summer monsoon rainfall led to widespread and severe droughts with profound implications for agricultural activities in India. However, the likelihood of successive megadroughts in India’s past and future climate remain poorly understood. Using Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) from the Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (MADA), we show that the major famines that affected millions of people during 1200–2018 were linked with summer monsoon droughts. Four megadroughts covering more than 40% of the country occurred for two consecutive summer monsoon seasons during 1200–2018. The most recent and severe megadrought occurred in 2002–2003. Simulations from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) for the last millennium (850–2005) ensemble (LME) show that the likelihood of two and three-year consecutive megadroughts during the summer monsoon is about 0.7 and 0.3 events per 100 years, respectively. Large ensemble simulations from CESM (CESM-LE) show a decline in the frequency of megadroughts in the future. Summer monsoon megadroughts are strongly associated with the warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the Pacific Ocean in the past and future climate. Substantial warming under the projected future climate can cause megadroughts under near-normal precipitation during the summer monsoon season. Despite the projected decline in the likelihood of the summer monsoon megadroughts under the warming climate, megadroughts in the future can have considerable implications for India’s food production and water availability.
Estimating heritability of glycaemic response to metformin using nationwide electronic health records and population-sized pedigree
Authors: Kalka Iris N. , Gavrieli Amir , Shilo Smadar , Rossman Hagai , Artzi Nitzan Shalom , Yacovzada Nancy-Sarah , Segal Eran
Published: December 2021

Background

Variability of response to medication is a well-known phenomenon, determined by both environmental and genetic factors. Understanding the heritable component of the response to medication is of great interest but challenging due to several reasons, including small study cohorts and computational limitations.

Methods

Here, we study the heritability of variation in the glycaemic response to metformin, first-line therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes (T2D), by leveraging 18 years of electronic health records (EHR) data from Israel’s largest healthcare service provider, consisting of over five million patients of diverse ethnicities and socio-economic background. Our cohort consists of 80,788 T2D patients treated with metformin, with an accumulated number of 1,611,591 HbA1C measurements and 4,581,097 metformin prescriptions. We estimate the explained variance of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) reduction due to inheritance by constructing a six-generation population-size pedigree from national registries and linking it to medical health records.

Results

Using Linear Mixed Model-based framework, a common-practice method for heritability estimation, we calculate a heritability measure of $${h}^{2}=12.6 \%$$

h

2

=
12.6
%
(95% CI, $$6.1 \%\! -\!19.1 \%$$
6.1
%

−

19.1
%
) for absolute reduction of HbA1c% after metformin treatment in the entire cohort, $${h}^{2}=21.0 \%$$

h

2

=
21.0
%
(95% CI, $$7.8 \%\! -\!34.4 \%$$
7.8
%

−

34.4
%
) for males and $${h}^{2}=22.9 \%$$

h

2

=
22.9
%
(95% CI, $$10.0 \%\! -\!35.7 \%$$
10.0
%

−

35.7
%
) in females. Results remain unchanged after adjusting for pre-treatment HbA1c%, and in proportional reduction of HbA1c%.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to estimate heritability of drug response using solely EHR data combining a pedigree-based kinship matrix. We demonstrate that while response to metformin treatment has a heritable component, most of the variation is likely due to other factors, further motivating non-genetic analyses aimed at unraveling metformin’s action mechanism.
Microfluidic organ-on-chip system for multi-analyte monitoring of metabolites in 3D cell cultures
Authors: Dornhof Johannes , Kieninger Jochen , Muralidharan Harshini , Maurer Jochen , Urban Gerald A. , Weltin Andreas
Published: December 2021

An organ-on-chip platform equipped with microsensors for long-term microfluidic cultivation and metabolic monitoring (O2, Glu, Lac) of 3D tumour organoid cultures grown from patient-derived single cancer stem cells.
Role of π-spacer in regulating the photovoltaic performance of copper electrolyte dye-sensitized solar cells using triphenylimidazole dyes
Authors: Gangadhar Palivela Siva , Jagadeesh Anooja , Rajesh Manne Naga , George Andrew Simon , Prasanthkumar Seelam , Soman Suraj , Giribabu Lingamallu
Published: December 2021

Two triarylimidazole organic dyes with an auxiliary donor (D–D–π–A) and an auxiliary accepter (D–A–π–A) were reported. The π-spacer has significant role on physico-chemical and photovoltaic performance of the dyes with [Cu(dmp)2]1+/2+ redox couples.
Impurities in polyvinylpyrrolidone: the key factor in the synthesis of gold nanostars
Authors: Taladriz-Blanco Patricia , Spuch-Calvar Miguel , Prado Anselmo del , Weder Christoph , Rother-Rutishauser Barbara , Petri-Fink Alke , Rodriguez-Lorenzo Laura
Published: December 2021

Control over the synthesis of anisotropic nanoparticles is crucial as slight differences in their size, shape, sharpness, or the number of tips in the case of gold nanostars, strongly influences their properties and functionality for applications.
A novel time-resolved fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay for quantitative detection of the trauma brain injury biomarker-glial fibrillary acidic protein
Authors: Natarajan Satheesh , Joseph Jayaraj
Published: December 2021

A highly sensitive time-resolved fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay (TRF-LFIA) was developed to quantify glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a trauma brain injury (TBI) biomarker in blood, for the purpose of providing a diagnosis of mild brain injury.
Efficiency improvement for perovskite-inspired Cs3Sb2I9 solar cells using P3HT as the hole transport material
Authors: Hiltunen Arto , Lamminen Noora , Salonen Henri , Liu Maning , Vivo Paola
Published: December 2021

In this work, we introduce P3HT (poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)) as an efficient hole transport material (HTM) for lead-free Cs3Sb2I9 perovskite-inspired solar cells.
Abnormal event detection by a weakly supervised temporal attention network
Authors: Zheng Xiangtao , Zhang Yichao , Zheng Yunpeng , Luo Fulin , Lu Xiaoqiang
Published: December 2021

Abnormal event detection aims to automatically identify unusual events that do not comply with expectation. Recently, many methods have been proposed to obtain the temporal locations of abnormal events under various determined thresholds. However, the specific categories of abnormal events are mostly neglect, which are important to help in monitoring agents to make decisions. In this study, a Temporal Attention Network (TANet) is proposed to capture both the specific categories and temporal locations of abnormal events in a weakly supervised manner. The TANet learns the anomaly score and specific category for each video segment with only video‐level abnormal event labels. An event recognition module is exploited to predict the event scores for each video segment while a temporal attention module is proposed to learn a temporal attention value. Finally, to learn anomaly scores and specific categories, three constraints are considered: event category constraint, event separation constraint and temporal smoothness constraint. Experiments on the University of Central Florida Crime dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
On plateaued functions satisfying propagation criterion of degree l$l$
Authors: Li Luyang , Zhao Qinglan , Zheng Dong
Published: December 2021

The propagation criterion is defined in cryptography in order to analyze the security of cryptographic components with respect to differential cryptanalysis. This paper explains a class of plateaued functions satisfying the propagation criterion of degree by using the Maiorana–McFarland construction. And a variety of other desirable criteria for functions with cryptographic application could also be satisfied, such as balancedness, high non‐linearity, non‐existence of non‐zero linear structures, good global avalanche characteristics.
A deep learning approach for the classification of TB from NIH CXR dataset
Authors: Zaidi S. Zainab Yousuf , Akram M. Usman , Jameel Amina , Alghamdi Norah Saleh
Published: December 2021

In this research, a novel customized deep learning model is proposed to detect Tuberculosis (TB) from chest X‐rays (CXR). The model is utilized for three experimentations: (i) classification of CXR image as healthy or TB infected, (ii) sub‐classification of infected images to TB specific manifestations, and (iii) classification of CXR image to thoracic disease manifestations. The National Institute of Health (NIH) CXR is used for experimentation. For the first two experimentations, the subset of the dataset is used containing only 10 TB specific manifestations, whereas, the entire NIH CXR dataset is used for the third experiment. The F1 score for binary classification of TB in experiment 1 is calculated as 0.92 which is higher than the average F1 score of the radiologists. The average accuracy for classifying TB specific manifestations in experiment 2 is recorded as 0.84. Finally, the average accuracy of the thoracic disease classification is recorded as 0.82 in experiment 3. The proposed system outperformed the existing approaches reporting higher AUC for each manifestation. Whereas, to the best of knowledge it is the first such attempt on NIH CXR dataset for TB and TB specific manifestation classification and the proposed system showed promising results.
Mycobacterium abscessus, un modèle de résistance aux différentes classes d’antibiotiques
Authors: Illouz Morgane , Alcaraz Matthéo , Roquet-Banères Françoise , Kremer Laurent
Published: December 2021

Mycobacterium abscessusest une bactérie non tuberculeuse, environnementale, à croissance rapide, qui est responsable d’infections pulmonaires sévères, notamment chez les patients atteints de mucoviscidose. Le traitement actuel combine l’utilisation d’une b-lactamine et d’un aminoglycoside associés à un macrolide. Cette bactérie est polyrésistante à la plupart des antibiotiques utilisés en clinique. Les mécanismes de résistance, innés ou acquis, qu’elle a développés, conduisent fréquemment à des échecs thérapeutiques, ce qui limite considérablement les moyens de lutte disponibles pour le clinicien. Une compréhension globale des mécanismes de résistance de cette bactérie s’avère ainsi nécessaire pour contrer les infections pulmonaires qu’elle provoque.
L’ingénierie de la promesse : le renouveau minier français et la « mine responsable »
Authors: Laurent Brice , Merlin Julien
Published: December 2021

Le renouveau minier français fait intervenir des acteurs nouveaux en France métropolitaine, les juniors d’exploration minière, dont l’organisation économique est proche des start-up. Celles-ci doivent lever des fonds avant de pouvoir faire aboutir leurs coûteux projets d’explorations minières. Cet article étudie le travail réalisé par ces acteurs privés pour convaincre différents publics de la rentabilité et de l’intérêt futurs de développements miniers. Nous parlons d’ingénierie de la promesse pour qualifier cette activité. Les projets miniers suscitent de nombreuses controverses dans les territoires concernés. Pour les comprendre, l’article analyse les tensions entre les promesses que les compagnies formulent à un public d’investisseurs potentiels et celles adressées aux populations vivant à proximité des projets d’exploration.
Positive Direct Antiglobulin Test: Is It a Risk Factor for Significant Hyperbilirubinemia in Neonates with ABO Incompatibility?
Authors: Ercin Secil , Coskun Yesim , Kayas Kalender , Kavas Nazan , Gursoy Tugba
Published: December 2021

Objective ABO blood group (ABO) incompatibility is a common cause of neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia. The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) can identify infants developing hemolytic disease. This study aims to evaluate the significance of DAT positivity among neonates with ABO incompatibility.

Study Design This retrospective study included 820 neonates with blood group A or B who were born to blood group O mothers. The study group consisted of neonates (n = 79) who had positive DAT, and the control group consisted of infants (n = 741) who had negative DAT. Demographic and clinical data of the neonates regarding jaundice were collected and compared statistically.

Results The bilirubin level at 24 hours of life (study group: 8 ± 2.6 mg/dL, control group: 6 ± 2.2 mg/dL, p < 0.001) and the highest bilirubin level (study group: 12.7 ± 3.6 mg/dL, control group: 10.4 ± 4.2 mg/dL, p < 0.001) were higher in infants with positive DAT. A total of 37 (46.8%) infants in the study group and 83 (11.2%) infants in the control group received phototherapy (PT) in the nursery (p < 0.001). In neonates with positive DAT, direct bilirubin level, duration of hospitalization, and PT in the nursery were higher (p = 0.002, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively), whereas hemoglobin level was lower (p < 0.001).

Conclusion In neonates with ABO incompatibility, a positive DAT is a risk factor for developing significant hyperbilirubinemia. Close follow-up of newborn infants with ABO incompatibility is crucial for early detection and treatment of neonatal jaundice to avoid early and late complications.

Key Points
Moyamoya Syndrome in an Infant with Aicardi–Goutières and Williams Syndromes: A Case Report
Authors: Brar Jagraj S. , Verma Rahul , Al-Omari Mohammed , Siu Victoria M. , Andrade Andrea V. , Jurkiewicz Michael T. , Lalgudi Ganesan Saptharishi
Published: December 2021

Stroke in infancy is a rare phenomenon but can lead to significant long-term disability. We present the story of a 6-month-old Old Order Amish infant with underlying Williams syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a microdeletion, encompassing the elastin gene that produces abnormalities in elastic fibers of the lungs and vessels. This infant presented with lethargy, irritability, and a new-onset generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was consistent with ischemic stroke in the supratentorial regions. MR angiogram demonstrated bilateral narrowing of the internal carotid arteries with “ivy sign,” suggestive of Moyamoya. Moyamoya disease/syndrome is a cerebrovascular condition that is associated with progressive stenosis of the intracranial vessels and can cause ischemic stroke in young children. Targeted mutation analysis revealed a homozygous c.1411–2A > G splice site variant in the SAMHD1 gene, consistent with a diagnosis of Aicardi–Goutières syndrome type 5 (AGS5), an autosomal recessive condition with multisystem involvement. In our unique case of infantile stroke with Moyamoya syndrome and dual diagnosis of Williams syndrome and AGS5, both diagnoses likely contributed to the cerebrovascular pathology. This case report highlights the importance of suspecting and testing for multiple genetic abnormalities in children presenting with Moyamoya-related stroke.
Multiple ionization characteristics of hall thruster with large height–radius ratio and their effects
Authors: Fan Haotian , Ding Yongjie , Xu Fan , Meng Yan , Wei Liqiu , Li Hong , Yu Daren
Published: December 2021

Increasing the specific impulse has become one of the main trends in the development of Hall thrusters and may be achieved by increasing the proportion of multiply charged ions in the plume. In this study, the multiple ionization characteristics of Hall thrusters with large height–radius ratios and their effects on the specific impulse and other performance parameters were examined via numerical simulations. The simulation results show that the proportion of multiply charged ions in a Hall thruster with a large height–radius ratio increases by 7.8 percentage points, compared with that of the traditional Hall thruster, and the multiply charged ions can obtain a higher average jet velocity under an accelerating voltage, thereby improving the specific impulse and thrust of the thruster. Further analyses show that a structure with a large height–radius ratio reduces the cooling effect of the channel wall on the electrons, and the increase in electron temperature effectively promotes the occurrence of the multiple ionization process. In addition, the smaller wall area and the larger magnetic field intensity in the near-wall region inhibit the electron near-wall conduction and prevent the potential negative effect of the increase in electron current caused by multiply charged ionization, which ensures a high level of efficiency. It was proved that multiple ionizations contribute positively to the specific impulse and efficiency of Hall thrusters with a large height–radius ratio. This serves as a reference for the high specific impulse design of Hall thrusters with large height–radius ratios and provides a new optimization perspective for improving the specific impulse of Hall thrusters.
A novel aseismic method using seismic metasurface design with mound structures
Authors: Du Qiujiao , Fan Li , Xu Rui , Xu Yang , Yang Hongwu , Peng Pai
Published: December 2021

We explore a seismic metasurface (SMS) design to control Rayleigh wave propagation for the earthquake resistance of critical buildings. An SMS is designed by assembling an array of soil mound units with different inclination angles to mold an accurate phase shift of the incoming seismic Rayleigh waves. We propose three SMSs to realize the three effects of forming Rayleigh wave fields: beam splitting, arbitrary convex trajectory bending, and wavefront focusing. The results demonstrate that the designed SMSs can remove more than 90% of the incident wave energy before it reaches the target buildings. Our compact SMSs, which feature low cost and are easy to implement, constitute an active earthquake-resistance method in civil engineering and are potentially useful in applications such as energy collection, nondestructive testing, and signal modulation for surface waves.
Regularity criteria of axisymmetric weak solutions to the 3D MHD equations
Authors: Guo Zhengguang , Wang Yu , Li Yeping
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we study the conditional regularity of axisymmetric weak solutions to the three-dimensional incompressible magnetohydrodynamic equations with non-zero swirl. Regularity criteria that are scaling invariant and independent of the components of magnetic field are obtained by establishing some innovative estimates.
Aero-acoustic feedback mechanisms in supersonic cavity flow with subcavity
Authors: Jain Priyansh , Vaidyanathan Aravind
Published: December 2021

An open rectangular cavity with a length to depth ratio of 2 (L/D = 2) and inlet Mach number 1.71 was considered as a baseline configuration for an unsteady computational analysis. Fast Fourier transform using power spectral density, correlation, and overall sound pressure level (OASPL) was carried out on the unsteady pressure data, to analyze the flow dynamics. Many flow visualization techniques were employed such as density gradient-based numerical schlieren, vorticity contour, and streamlines for revealing major features associated with the flow. Vortex shedding visualization was carried out in terms of the Lambda 2 (λ2) criterion, where the vortex core can be observed moving downstream in the shear layer. In the acoustic pressure contours and OASPL contours, the characteristics of the acoustic waves can be distinctly observed traversing within the cavity. The analysis was extended for different flow conditions and configurations. The front wall subcavity with a ratio of subcavity length (l) to cavity length (L) l/L = 0.20 has already been established as a passive control device experimentally whereas the aft wall subcavity with l/L = 0.20 was found to behave like a passive resonator with distinct harmonic fluid-resonant modes. A more detailed investigation of these configurations with different dimensions and combinations resulted in a comparative and better understanding of the flow features, mode frequencies, and fluid-resonant oscillations in a supersonic cavity flow. Further, a method for designing front wall subcavity for passive control device has been applied to a variety of test cases and has been proven effective in suppressing the oscillations for cavity configurations with longitudinal oscillation mechanisms.
Model validation for inferred hot-spot conditions in National Ignition Facility experiments
Authors: Zylstra A. B. , Nora R. , Patel P. , Hurricane O.
Published: December 2021

Progress toward ignition requires accurately diagnosing current conditions and assessing proximity metrics for implosion experiments on the National Ignition Facility. Hot-spot conditions are not directly measured, but rather inferred, often using simple 0- and 1D models [P. Patel et al., Phys. Plasmas 27, 050901 (2020)]. Here, we present a detailed accuracy validation exercise using a set of ∼20 000 2D simulations encompassing a variety of performance and degradation levels. We find good agreement between the model-inferred pressure and the simulated burn-weighted pressure at peak neutron production and also present results on the precision of inferred quantities using a Markov-Chain Monte Carlo algorithm.
Linear temporal stability analysis on non-parallel free cross sheared flow with a primary hyperbolic velocity and an orthogonal Bickley jet velocity
Authors: Xiao Yuan , Lin Wenxian
Published: December 2021

A linear temporal stability analysis is carried out on non-parallel free cross sheared flow consisting of the unstable hyperbolic velocity U=tanh(z) in the primary direction and the comparable unstable Bickley jet velocity V=sech2(z) in the orthogonal direction, where z is the coordinate perpendicular to the plane of the primary and orthogonal directions. The cross sheared flow involves the non-parallel effects such as twisted flow and cross flow. The linearized perturbation equations are derived which are subsequently used to examine the stability features. It is found that the instability associated with U=tanh(z) and V=sech2(z) transitions asymptotically to each other as the combined factor χ=ξ(β/α) varies, where ξ=||V||/||U|| is the cross shear ratio and β/α is the ratio between the orthogonal and primary wavenumbers with || || representing the characteristic magnitudes of the velocity components. In addition to the hyperbolic flow (HF) mode and the Bickley jet flow (BJF) mode associated with U=tanh(z) and V=sech2(z), respectively, the orthogonal wavenumber (OW) mode where β/α dominates and the cross shear (CS) mode where ξ dominates are found in the eigenfunction structures. The physical mechanisms of the four eigenfunctions modes are examined with the kinetic energy and enstrophy budgets. The map of the unstable regions influenced and dominated by the OW, CS, HF, and BJF eigenfunction modes is also obtained and discussed.