bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
120 GOPS Photonic tensor core in thin-film lithium niobate for inference and in situ training
Authors: Lin Zhongjin , Shastri Bhavin J. , Yu Shangxuan , Song Jingxiang , Zhu Yuntao , Safarnejadian Arman , Cai Wangning , Lin Yanmei , Ke Wei , Hammood Mustafa , Wang Tianye , Xu Mengyue , Zheng Zibo , Al-Qadasi Mohammed , Esmaeeli Omid , Rahim Mohamed , Pakulski Grzegorz , Schmid Jens , Barrios Pedro , Jiang Weihong , Morison Hugh , Mitchell Matthew , Guan Xun , Jaeger Nicolas A. F. , Rusch Leslie A. , Shekhar Sudip , Shi Wei , Yu Siyuan , Cai Xinlun , Chrostowski Lukas
Published: October 2024

Photonics offers a transformative approach to artificial intelligence (AI) and neuromorphic computing by enabling low-latency, high-speed, and energy-efficient computations. However, conventional photonic tensor cores face significant challenges in constructing large-scale photonic neuromorphic networks. Here, we propose a fully integrated photonic tensor core, consisting of only two thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) modulators, a III-V laser, and a charge-integration photoreceiver. Despite its simple architecture, it is capable of implementing an entire layer of a neural network with a computational speed of 120 GOPS, while also allowing flexible adjustment of the number of inputs (fan-in) and outputs (fan-out). Our tensor core supports rapid in-situ training with a weight update speed of 60 GHz. Furthermore, it successfully classifies (supervised learning) and clusters (unsupervised learning) 112  × 112-pixel images through in-situ training. To enable in-situ training for clustering AI tasks, we offer a solution for performing multiplications between two negative numbers.
α-synuclein seed amplification assay sensitivity may be associated with cardiac MIBG abnormality among patients with Lewy body disease
Authors: Kurihara Masanori , Satoh Katsuya , Shimasaki Ryosuke , Hatano Keiko , Ohse Kensuke , Taira Kenichiro , Ihara Ryoko , Higashihara Mana , Nishina Yasushi , Kameyama Masashi , Iwata Atsushi
Published: October 2024

Although α-synuclein seed amplification assays (α-syn SAA) are promising, its sensitivity may be affected by heterogeneity among patients with Lewy body disease (LBD). We evaluated whether α-syn SAA sensitivity is affected by patient heterogeneity, using 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) cardiac scintigraphy in early drug-naïve patients. Thirty-four patients with clinically established or probable Parkinson’s disease (PD) and seven with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) or prodromal DLB were included. While 85.2% of patients with abnormal cardiac MIBG were α-syn SAA positive, only 14.3% were positive among those with normal scans. Logistic regression analysis showed that MIBG positivity was the only significant variable associated with α-syn SAA positivity (odds ratio 74.2 [95% confidence interval 6.1–909]). Although α-syn SAA is sensitive for LBD in patients with abnormal MIBG, the sensitivity may be lower in those with normal MIBG. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the association between patient heterogeneity and α-syn SAA sensitivity.
Mitochondrial mechanotransduction through MIEF1 coordinates the nuclear response to forces
Authors: Romani Patrizia , Benedetti Giada , Cusan Martina , Arboit Mattia , Cirillo Carmine , Wu Xi , Rouni Georgia , Kostourou Vassiliki , Aragona Mariaceleste , Giampietro Costanza , Grumati Paolo , Martello Graziano , Dupont Sirio
Published: October 2024

Tissue-scale architecture and mechanical properties instruct cell behaviour under physiological and diseased conditions, but our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains fragmentary. Here we show that extracellular matrix stiffness, spatial confinements and applied forces, including stretching of mouse skin, regulate mitochondrial dynamics. Actomyosin tension promotes the phosphorylation of mitochondrial elongation factor 1 (MIEF1), limiting the recruitment of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) at mitochondria, as well as peri-mitochondrial F-actin formation and mitochondrial fission. Strikingly, mitochondrial fission is also a general mechanotransduction mechanism. Indeed, we found that DRP1- and MIEF1/2-dependent fission is required and sufficient to regulate three transcription factors of broad relevance—YAP/TAZ, SREBP1/2 and NRF2—to control cell proliferation, lipogenesis, antioxidant metabolism, chemotherapy resistance and adipocyte differentiation in response to mechanical cues. This extends to the mouse liver, where DRP1 regulates hepatocyte proliferation and identity—hallmark YAP-dependent phenotypes. We propose that mitochondria fulfil a unifying signalling function by which the mechanical tissue microenvironment coordinates complementary cell functions.
The Journey to a FAIR CORE DATA SET for Diabetes Research in Germany
Authors: Inau Esther Thea , Dedié Angela , Anastasova Ivona , Schick Renate , Zdravomyslov Yaroslav , Fröhlich Brigitte , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Hrabě de Angelis Martin , Roden Michael , Zeleke Atinkut Alamirrew , Preusse Martin , Waltemath Dagmar
Published: October 2024

The German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) established a core data set (CDS) of clinical parameters relevant for diabetes research in 2021. The CDS is central to the design of current and future DZD studies. Here, we describe the process and outcomes of FAIRifying the initial version of the CDS. We first did a baseline evaluation of the FAIRness using the FAIR Data Maturity Model. The FAIRification process and the results of this assessment led us to convert the CDS into the recommended format for spreadsheets, annotating the parameters with standardized medical codes, licensing the data set, enriching the data set with metadata, and indexing the metadata. The FAIRified version of the CDS is more suitable for data sharing in diabetes research across DZD sites and beyond. It contributes to the reusability of health research studies.
Assessment of functional performance in self-rectifying passive crossbar arrays utilizing sneak path current
Authors: Chen Ziang , Zhao Xianyue , Bengel Christopher , Liu Feng , Li Kefeng , Menzel Stephan , Du Nan
Published: October 2024

Self-rectifying memristive devices have emerged as promising contenders for low-power in-memory computing, presenting numerous advantages. However, characterizing the functional behavior of passive crossbar arrays incorporating these devices remains challenging due to sophisticated parasitic currents stemming from rich memristive dynamic behavior. Conventional methods using read margin assessments to evaluate functional behavior in passive crossbars are hindered by the voltage divider effect from the pull-up resistor. In this study, we propose a novel performance metric, $$\Delta$$
Δ
SC, harnessing sneak path currents to assess functional behavior. Through the application of a pair of negative rectification factors, $$\text {RF}_\text {n, L}$$

RF
n,

L

and $$\text {RF}_\text {n, H}$$

RF
n,

H

, we comprehensively delineate dynamic rectification behavior in both positive and negative bias regimes, as well as in low-resistance state and high-resistance state, deviating from conventional metrics such as on/off ratios, nonlinearity, and rectifying factors. Notably, $$\Delta$$
Δ
SC provides a quantitative evaluation of the interaction between sneak path currents and read margin, demonstrating its efficacy and addressing a pivotal research gap in the field. For instance, employing self-rectifying BiFeO$$_3$$

3

memristive cells featuring $$\text {RF}_\text {n, L}$$

RF
n,

L

= 1.22E3 and $$\text {RF}_\text {n, H}$$

RF
n,

H

= 9.27, we showcase the successful functional performance of a passive crossbar array, achieving $$\Delta$$
Δ
SC < 2.19E−2, while ensuring a read margin > 0.
Identifying pathogenic variants in rare pediatric neurological diseases using exome sequencing
Authors: Komatsu Kazuyuki , Kato Mitsuhiro , Kubota Kazuo , Fukumura Shinobu , Yamada Keitaro , Hori Ikumi , Shimizu Kenji , Miyamoto Sachiko , Yamoto Kaori , Hiraide Takuya , Watanabe Kazuki , Aoki Shintaro , Furukawa Shogo , Hayashi Taiju , Isogai Masaharu , Harasaki Takuma , Nakashima Mitsuko , Saitsu Hirotomo
Published: October 2024

Variant annotations are crucial for efficient identification of pathogenic variants. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the utility of four annotation tools (allele frequency, ClinVar, SpliceAI, and Phenomatcher) in identifying 271 pathogenic single nucleotide and small insertion/deletion variants (SNVs/small indels). Although variant filtering based on allele frequency is essential for narrowing down on candidate variants, we found that 13 de novo pathogenic variants in autosomal dominant or X-linked dominant genes are registered in gnomADv4.0 or 54KJPN, with an allele frequency of less than 0.001%, suggesting that very rare variants in large cohort data can be pathogenic de novo variants. Notably, 38.4% candidate SNVs/small indels are registered in the ClinVar database as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, which highlights the significance of this database. SpliceAI can detect candidate variants affecting RNA splicing, leading to the identification of four variants located 11 to 50 bp away from the exon–intron boundary. Prioritization of candidate genes by proband phenotype using the PhenoMatcher module revealed that approximately 95% of the candidate genes had a maximum PhenoMatch score ≥ 0.6, suggesting the utility of phenotype-based variant prioritization. Our results suggest that a combination of multiple annotation tools and appropriate evaluation can improve the diagnosis of rare diseases.
A deep learning based assisted analysis approach for Sjogren’s syndrome pathology images
Authors: Jiang Peihe , Li Yi , Wang Chunni , Zhang Wei , Lu Ning
Published: October 2024

Diagnosing Sjogren’s syndrome requires considerable time and effort from physicians, primarily because it necessitates rigorously establishing the presence lymphatic infiltration in the pathological tissue of the labial gland. The aim of this study is to use deep learning techniques to overcome these limitations and improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in pathology. We develop an auxiliary diagnostic system for Sjogren’s syndrome. The system incorporates the state-of-the-art object detection neural network, YOLOv8, and enables the precise identification and flagging of suspicious lesions. We design the multi-dimensional attention module and S-MPDIoU loss function to improve the detection performance of YOLOv8. By extracting features from multiple dimensions of the feature map, the utilization of the multi-dimensional attention mechanism enhances the feature interaction across disparate positions, enabling the network to proficiently learn and retain salient cell features. S-MPDIoU introduces an angle penalty term that efficiently minimizes the diagonal distance between predicted and ground truth boxes. Additionally, it incorporates a flexible scale factor tailored to different size feature maps, which balances the issue of sudden gradient decrease during high overlap, thereby accelerating the overall convergence rate. To verify the effectiveness of our methods, we create a dataset of lymphocytes using labial gland biopsy pathology images collected from YanTaiShan hospital and trained the model with this dataset. The proposed model is assessed using standard metrics like precision, recall, mAP. The improved model achieves an increase in recall by 9.1%, mAP.5 by 3.2%, and mAP.95 by 2%. The study demonstrated deep learning’s potential to analysis pathology images, offering a reference framework for the application of deep learning technology in the medical domain.
A novel multifunctional chiral metasurface with asymmetric transmission
Authors: Noman Muhammad , Abutarboush Hattan , Tahir Farooq A. , Zahid Adnan , Imran Muhammad , Abbasi Qammer H.
Published: October 2024

The multiband, multifunctional chiral metasurface with asymmetric transmission exhibits significant potential for diverse applications in modern communication systems, ranging from enhanced signal modulation and polarization control to advanced beam steering and compact antenna design. This research presents a versatile and advanced chiral metasurface operating at multiple bands with diverse functionalities, including asymmetric transmission. The proposed metasurface effectively transforms an incoming Linearly Polarized (LP) wave into a Circularly Polarized (CP) wave. Additionally, it functions as a 90° polarization rotator for the incident LP wave. The design starts with an element of a 2 × 2 supercell comprising a Square Split Ring Resonator (SSRR) and an I-shaped resonator. The right diagonal elements of a supercell undergo scaling down, giving rise to a rotational asymmetry. Chirality is introduced into the design, and cross polarization conversion is enhanced by rotating all four elements by 90° relative to each other. On the back side of the substrate, each element undergoes a 90° rotation compared to its counterpart on the front side, realizing the asymmetric transmission feature. The incorporation of multiband and multifunctional features within a single supercell equips the subject chiral metasurface to be utilized in various engineering applications.
Spatial mRNA expression patterns of orexin receptors in the dorsal hippocampus
Authors: Krause Gina Marie , Chirich Barreira Lara Mariel , Albrecht Anne
Published: October 2024

Orexins are wake-promoting neuropeptides that originate from hypothalamic neurons projecting to widespread brain areas throughout the central nervous system. They modulate various physiological functions via their orexin 1 (OXR1) and 2 (OXR2) receptors, including sleep-wake rhythm but also cognitive functions such as memory formation. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of OXR1 and OXR2 mRNA expression profiles in the dorsal hippocampus as a key region for memory formation, using RNAscope multiplex in situ hybridization. Interconnected subareas relevant for cognition and memory such as the medial prefrontal cortex and the nucleus reuniens of the thalamus were assessed as well. Both receptor types display distinct profiles, with the highest percentage of OXR1 mRNA-positive cells in the hilus of the dentate gyrus. Here, the content of OXR1 mRNA per cell was slightly modulated at selected time points over a 12 h light/ 12 dark light phase. Using RNAScope and quantitative polymerase chain reaction approaches, we began to address a cell-type specific expression of OXR1 in hilar GABAergic interneurons. The distinct expression profiles of both receptor subtypes within hippocampal subareas and circuits provide an interesting basis for future interventional studies on orexin receptor function in spatial and contextual memory.
Glutamine sensing licenses cholesterol synthesis
Authors: Garcia Bruna Martins , Melchinger Philipp , Medeiros Tania , Hendrix Sebastian , Prabhu Kavan , Corrado Mauro , Kingma Jenina , Gorbatenko Andrej , Deshwal Soni , Veronese Matteo , Scorrano Luca , Pearce Erika , Giavalisco Patrick , Zelcer Noam , Pernas Lena
Published: October 2024

The mevalonate pathway produces essential lipid metabolites such as cholesterol. Although this pathway is negatively regulated by metabolic intermediates, little is known of the metabolites that positively regulate its activity. We found that the amino acid glutamine is required to activate the mevalonate pathway. Glutamine starvation inhibited cholesterol synthesis and blocked transcription of the mevalonate pathway—even in the presence of glutamine derivatives such as ammonia and α-ketoglutarate. We pinpointed this glutamine-dependent effect to a loss in the ER-to-Golgi trafficking of SCAP that licenses the activation of SREBP2, the major transcriptional regulator of cholesterol synthesis. Both enforced Golgi-to-ER retro-translocation and the expression of a nuclear SREBP2 rescued mevalonate pathway activity during glutamine starvation. In a cell model of impaired mitochondrial respiration in which glutamine uptake is enhanced, SREBP2 activation and cellular cholesterol were increased. Thus, the mevalonate pathway senses and is activated by glutamine at a previously uncharacterized step, and the modulation of glutamine synthesis may be a strategy to regulate cholesterol levels in pathophysiological conditions.
A sensitive SERS-based assay technique for accurate detection of foodborne pathogens without interference
Authors: Bai Xiangru , Luo Wei , Zhou Wenyu , Chen Wei , Guo Xinling , Shen Aiguo , Hu Jiming
Published: October 2024

A SERS-based assay technique for accurate and sensitive detection of E. coli in real samples with highly improved reliability and reproducibility.
A simple turn-off fluorescent chemosensor based on a Schiff base structure for ultrafast and highly selective trace detection of Cu2+ ions in aqueous solutions
Authors: Wang Jing , Ren Lu , Sun Qiang , Liu Yanqi , Jia Wanru , Zhang Huihong , Zhang Dawei
Published: October 2024

A simple turn-off fluorescent probe DHP is designed and synthesized for the sensitive and selective detection of Cu2+. The probe DHP exhibits good anti-interference performance against Cu2+ in the presence of multiple metal ions.
Simultaneous inhibition of heat shock proteins and autophagy enhances radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Jinchao , Lei Lei , Dai Wenbin , Jiang Angfeng , Jin Qiao , Tang Zhe
Published: October 2024

Lip@LND/3-MA inhibits heat shock proteins and autophagy to enhance iRFA.
Direct C–H difluoroallylation of α,β-unsaturated amides and aryl amides by rhodium catalysis
Authors: Ding Wenqian , Hu Wanqi , Chen Xingyu , Wang Yan , Liu Xueqing , Liu Weiqi , Wu Xiaowei
Published: October 2024

The first example of Rh-catalyzed C(sp2)–H difluoroallylation of α,β-unsaturated amides with 3-bromo-3,3-difluoropropene has been developed under mild conditions.
Porphyrin MOF nanosheets used for light-mediated multilevel memristive switching
Authors: Liu Zhen , Song Danli , Pei Wen-Bo , Wu Liquan , Xie Hong , Cai Gaigai , Yang Jiefei , Zheng Bing , Xiong Wei-Wei
Published: October 2024

The synthesized porphyrin MOF nanosheets were used to fabricate memory devices, and the light-induced resistive switching characteristics of the devices were explored.
Surface functionalized chalcogenides for highly selective removal of Hg2+
Authors: Jie Hao-Chen , Lan Zhi-Qing , Li Ke-Feng , Ye Xiao-Liang , Duan Shui-Lin , Fu Zhi-Hua , Wang Guan-E , Xu Gang
Published: October 2024

Surface functionalized CuPMTT was synthesized for highly selective adsorption of Hg2+.
Modeling interfacial electric fields and the ethanol oxidation reaction at electrode surfaces
Authors: Mei Yuhan , Che Fanglin , Deskins N. Aaron
Published: October 2024

The electrochemical environment present at surfaces can have a large effect on surface reactivity.
Machine learning for analyzing atomic force microscopy (AFM) images generated from polymer blends
Authors: Paruchuri Aanish , Wang Yunfei , Gu Xiaodan , Jayaraman Arthi
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we present a new machine learning (ML) workflow with unsupervised learning techniques to identify domains within atomic force microscopy (AFM) images obtained from polymer films.
Construction of a homologous bimetallic oxide Bi2Fe4O9@Bi25FeO40 heterostructure to boost supercapacitor performance
Authors: Cheng Bingjie , Li Xiaoqiang , Han Ruqu , Xiang Jun , Zhang Yamei
Published: October 2024

Herein, a homologous bimetallic oxide Bi2Fe4O9@Bi25FeO40 heterostructure with a high specific surface area and abundant heterogeneous interfaces was successfully fabricated and applied to supercapacitors for the first time.
Systematic characterization of selenium speciation in coal fly ash
Authors: Garcia Estefania , Liu Pan , Bone Sharon E. , Wen Yinghao , Tang Yuanzhi
Published: October 2024

A survey study of Se speciation in coal fly ash samples representative of coal source and combustion conditions.
Salicylaldimine-functionalized l-phenylalanine-based pseudopeptides: zinc-instructed conformational tuning of self-assembled nanostructures
Authors: Nigam Kamlesh Kumar , Asthana Surabhi , Pandey Mrituanjay D.
Published: October 2024

Herein, zinc-instructed fluorescence turn-on and conformational tuning of self-assembled nanostructures of l-phenylalanine-based pseudopeptides are reported.
A novel approach for the synthesis of the cyclic lipopeptide globomycin
Authors: Bann Samantha J. , Cochrane Stephen A.
Published: October 2024

Lipid swapping: a new approach for the synthesis of globomycin that allows for facile lipid diversification.
Layered MOF supported on 2D delaminated MXene (Mo2Ti2C3) nanosheets boosted water splitting
Authors: Murtaza Maida , Farooq Komal , Shah Waqas Ali , Ahmad Iftikhar , Waseem Amir
Published: October 2024

An in situ approach of composite synthesis is reported for MOF (CoNiNH2BDC) with MXene (Mo2Ti2C3) as an electrocatalyst for OER and HER.
Design, synthesis and bioevaluation of novel N-heterocyclic hydroxamic acids as histone deacetylase inhibitors and their antitumor activity study
Authors: Thang Nguyen Quoc , Thi Nga Nguyen , Kim Ji Su , Kim Hwa Kyung , Kim Jiyeon , Kang Jong Soon , Tung Truong Thanh , Dung Do Thi Mai , Anh Duong Tien , Han Sang-Bae , Nam Nguyen-Hai
Published: October 2024

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) represent a particularly intriguing focus in the discovery and advancement of anticancer drugs.
Understanding the emergence of negative photoconductivity in CVD grown ReS2 thin films by invoking the trion generation mechanism
Authors: Garg Sakshi , Ghosh Abhishek , Aggarwal Pallavi , Khan Taslim , Singh Sonika , Kapoor Ashok , Singh Rajendra
Published: October 2024

The fabrication of a ReS2 thin film photodetector shows a decrease in current after illumination, known as negative photoconductivity. This is likely due to trion formation, which reduces free carriers, thus lowering the illumination current.
Selective photocatalytic C–C coupling of benzyl alcohol into hydrobenzoin using Pt-deposited CdS nanosheets passivated with cysteamine
Authors: Lu Pan , Kim Gui-Min , Wang Nianfang , Panpranot Joongjai , Kim Whi Dong , Lee Doh C.
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate selective photocatalytic synthesis of hydrobenzoin via the C–C coupling of benzyl alcohol using Pt/CdS nanosheets.
Photocatalytic applications of covalent organic frameworks: synthesis, characterization, and utility
Authors: Doremus Jared G. , Lotsi Bertha , Sharma Aadarsh , McGrier Psaras L.
Published: October 2024

This review highlights the recent advances in utilizing covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for photocatalytic applications.
Backbone editing of oxidized polyethylene: insertion of oxygen and nitrogen atoms via hydroxyalkyl azide-mediated rearrangements
Authors: King Andrew J. , Sherrier Ryan P. , Aubé Jeffrey , Zhukhovitskiy Aleksandr V.
Published: October 2024

Hydroxyalkyl azide-mediated rearrangement modularly inserts heteroatoms and pendent functionality into oxidized polyethylene.
Multi-step chirality transfer and racemization kinetics of pillar [5]arenes by tuning the halogen substituents on the rims
Authors: Fang Lizhi , Guan Xiaowen , Shen Yanling , Zhou Dayang , Chen Long , Chen Xiaochuan , Wu Wanhua , Wang Leyong , Yang Cheng
Published: October 2024

Halogen-substituted pillar[5]arenes exhibited hindered hydroquinone subunit flipping, enabling enantioseparation.
An optimized heating source for heat-not-burn tobacco products through synergistic combustion of tobacco stalk and graphite carbon with K2CO3 catalyst
Authors: Wang Zean , Yang Jianjun , Zhai Yu , Chen Jibin , Pei Houchang , Sun Liangbo , Liu Hao
Published: October 2024

The minimum ignition temperature of the blend was determined by the tobacco straw, while the burnout temperature of the samples was reduced by 60 °C due to the addition of the tobacco stalk.
Antibacterial efficacy of low-dosage silver nanoparticle–sodium alginate–chitosan nanocomposite films against pure and clinical acne strains
Authors: Thai Tran Bao Lam , Van Vo Thanh , Chu Teng-Ping , Bach Duong Thai , Nguyen Thai Quang , Bao Luu Phuong Hong , Thuy Tran Vy Thi , Duong Hieu Hoang , Nguyen Nhi Hoang , Le Gai Thi , Tran Thu Thi , Tuong Tran Khanh Nguyen , Cam Tuyen Le Thi , Dinh Truong Ngoc , Uyen Ngo Ngoc , Thu Nguyen Tram Thi , Thi Nguyen Ngoc-Van , Nguyen Kien Trung , Nhu Tran Le Thi , Le Phuoc Huu
Published: October 2024

Collection of clinical acne samples, synthesis, and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles–chitosan (AgNPs–Chi) solution and silver nanoparticles–sodium alginate–chitosan (AgNPs–Alg–Chi) nanocomposite film against various pure and clinically relevant bacterial strains.
Chemical characterization, pathway enrichments and bioactive potentials of catechin-producing endophytic fungi isolated from tea leaves
Authors: Sidhu Dwinder , Vasundhara M. , Dey Priyankar
Published: October 2024

Endophytes acquire flavonoid biosynthetic genes from the host medicinal plants.
Microwave-driven oleic acid esterification over chlorosulfonic acid-treated hydroxyapatite: synergism for intensified biodiesel production
Authors: Rezki Boutaina , Essamlali Younes , Amadine Othmane , Sair Said , Aadil Mina , Zahouily Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Microwave-assisted oleic acid esterification to methyl oleate using a sulfonated natural-hydroxyapatite catalyst: an efficient process for biodiesel production using a natural phosphate-derived acid catalyst.
Optical detection of uric acid based on a citric acid functionalized copper-doped biochar nanozyme
Authors: Khan Noaman , Ahmad Mansoor , Sun Wei , Shah Noor S. , Asad Muhammad , Shah Mohibullah , Ullah Riaz , Ibrahim Mohamed A. , Badshah Amir , Nishan Umar
Published: October 2024

Mechanistic representation of the sensing of uric acid through hydrogen peroxide with the catalytic assistance of the mimic enzyme (CA-Cu@BC). TMB acts as a chromogenic substrate and visually assists in monitoring the progress of the reaction.
Introduction to the Young African Researchers collection
Authors: Egbedina Abisola O. , Lamola Jairus L. , Adly Mina Shawky , Ojwach Stephen O.
Published: October 2024

Abisola O. Egbedina, Jairus L. Lamola, Mina Shawky Adly, and Stephen O. Ojwach introduce the RSC Advances Young African Researchers collection.
Transesterification or polymerization? Reaction mechanism and kinetics of 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate with methanol and the competitive effect on free-radical polymerization
Authors: Cabello-Romero Judith , Torres-Lubián Román , Enríquez-Medrano Javier Francisco , Ochoa-Terán Adrián , Jara-Cortés Jesús , Zapata-González Iván
Published: October 2024

Transesterification of 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) with methanol leads to the formation of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and amino alcohol. This reaction significantly affects DEAEMA polymerization giving rise to poly(DEAEMA-co-MMA).
Plurality and identity: on the educational relations between chemistry and physics
Authors: Sánchez Gómez Pedro J. , Suárez Mauricio
Published: October 2024

We present an approach to the question of the educational relations between chemistry and physics based on the one hand, on an inferentialist account of scientific representation (Suárez M., (2024), Inference and Representation. A Study in Modelling Science, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press). On the other, we have drawn on the notion of science identities, as is currently used in science education. We argue that the representational practices of chemistry are the key competencies for the development of a chemistry identity. We extrapolate this conclusion to physics. The problem of representational plurality, that is, that some objects can be represented divergently in these sciences is thus linked to that of identity plurality, to the question of whether it is possible for a person to simultaneously hold a chemistry and a physics identity. We study the educational implications of this situation within the framework of Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural pedagogy to conclude that the difficulties inherent to representational plurality in chemistry and physics are sociological: university degrees are built around a single, well-defined, identity, thus tending to exclude any form of plurality that compromises this uniformity. As an application of these conclusions, we have studied the question of the introduction of the quantum description of molecules in chemistry education at an undergraduate level. We conclude that this introduction should not be based on the molecular orbitals approach but, instead, on the valence bond method.
Impact of water solvation on the charge carrier dynamics of organic heterojunction photocatalyst nanoparticle dispersions
Authors: Gonzalez-Carrero Soranyel , Kosco Jan , Fei Teng , McCulloch Iain , Durrant James R.
Published: October 2024

Organic heterojunction nanoparticles dispersions exhibited remarkably longer charge carrier lifetimes compared to dry films, resulting from charge stabilisation at the nanoparticle surface by exposure to the local water environment.
Strategic design of GalNAc-helical peptide ligands for efficient liver targeting
Authors: Ito Takahito , Ohoka Nobumichi , Aoyama Michihiko , Nishikaze Takashi , Misawa Takashi , Inoue Takao , Ishii-Watabe Akiko , Demizu Yosuke
Published: October 2024

There is a growing need for liver-selective drug delivery systems (DDS) in the treatment and diagnosis of liver diseases.
Effects of current density on Zn reversibility
Authors: Miao Licheng , Jia Wenqi , Jiao Lifang
Published: October 2024

This perspective provides a comprehensive examination of the rate-dependent stability of Zn anodes by comparing and contrasting various nucleation-growth theories and models relevant to current density.
Carboxymethyl cellulose-stabilized calcium phosphate particles for injectable hydrogel-based bone tissue engineering
Authors: Srisura Piyaporn , Pinyakit Yuwaporn , Ngoensawat Umphan , Yuntasiri Pongsakorn , Putri Khoiria Nur Atika , Chanamuangkon Theerapat , Phoolcharoen Waranyoo , Intasanta Varol , Hoven Voravee P.
Published: October 2024

Carboxymethyl cellulose-stabilized calcium phosphate particles well-dispersed in aqueous solution can be integrated into an injectable hydrogel made of methacrylated hyaluronic acid which is a promising material for bone regeneration applications.
Statistical optimization of cell–hydrogel interactions for green microbiology – a tutorial review
Authors: Harris Conor G. , Semprini Lewis , Rochefort Willie E. , Fogg Kaitlin C.
Published: October 2024

In this tutorial mini-review, we explore the application of Design of Experiments (DOE) as a powerful statistical tool in biotechnology.
A mortise–tenon-like ionic/electronic conductive interface facilitates long-cycle solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Zheng Guoxiang , Jin Yifan , Sedlačík Michal , Vargun Elif , Zhang Yifan , He Ying , Saha Petr , Cheng Qilin
Published: October 2024

Solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) with high energy density and superior safety have been recognized as next-generation energy storage systems and have attracted a lot of attention.
Understanding the crucial roles of natural clinochlore in reinforcing Li–S batteries
Authors: Qin Yumei , Pang Yashuai , Zeng Chujie , Li Xue , Wang Pengfei , Meng Yan , Zeng Guangfeng , Ge Yunchen , Huang Xiang-Long
Published: October 2024

Random dendrite growth and the severe shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides are major obstacles to exploiting dependable high-capacity Li–S batteries.
Advancing rhodium nanoparticle-based photodynamic cancer therapy: quantitative proteomics and in vivo assessment reveal mechanisms targeting tumor metabolism, progression and drug resistance
Authors: Machuca Andres , Peñalver Gabriel A. , Garcia Roberto Alvarez-Fernandez , Martinez-Lopez Angelica , Castillo-Lluva Sonia , Garcia-Calvo Estefania , Luque-Garcia Jose L.
Published: October 2024

Rhodium nanoparticles have been recently discovered as good photosensitizers with great potential in cancer photodynamic therapy by effectively inducing cytotoxicity in cancer cells under near-infrared laser.
Development of citric acid-based biomaterials for biomedical applications
Authors: Zhang Shihao , Liu Cailin , Su Meng , Zhou Dong , Tao Ziwei , Wu Shiyong , Xiao Lan , Li Yulin
Published: October 2024

Citric acid-based biomaterials have the advantages of simple synthesis, controllable structure, good biocompatibility, and biomimetic viscoelastic mechanical behavior, which have a wide range of applications in the field of biomedical engineering.
Tadpole-like cationic single-chain nanoparticles display high cellular uptake
Authors: Vo Yen , Raveendran Radhika , Cao Cheng , Tian Linqing , Lai Rebecca Y. , Stenzel Martina H.
Published: October 2024

Single-chain nanoparticles with cationic polymer blocks arranged in a tadpole structure display the highest cellular uptake.
Significant Joule self-heating pervasive in the emergent thin-film transistor studies
Authors: Bruevich V. , Patel Y. , Singer J. P. , Podzorov V.
Published: October 2024

Transistors based on delicate electronic materials are frequently tested under extreme biasing conditions. Using in situ IR imaging of biased devices, we show that local temperature of channels in such studies can very quickly rise well above 150 °C.
Highly sensitive temperature sensing of Na(Y1.5Na0.5)F6 glass-ceramics based on Dy3+/Pr3+ energy transfer
Authors: Ren Kaikai , Wei Di , Cai Xinyi , Ke Liang , Ying Junyi , Fu Chaohui , Zhang Yuepin
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we synthesized a glass-ceramic luminescent material that exhibits exceptional luminescent properties and high sensitivity. It can be utilized in the field of temperature-sensing materials due to its outstanding performance.
Ba7Nb4−xCexMoO20: structural and electrical property studies of a novel NTC thermal ceramic
Authors: Li Jinyang , Deng Wenye , Xue Yan , Ai Ni , Ding Kai , Chen Xianghui , Meng Weiwei , Zhao Pengjun , Chang Aimin , Xie Yongxin
Published: October 2024

The hexagonal perovskite oxide Ba7Nb4MoO20 is widely studied in chemical devices due to its oxide-ionic conductivity at high temperatures.
Crystal facet tailoring: a promising pathway toward high-performance Y2/3Cu3Ti4O12 thermosensitive ceramics
Authors: Wei Yaxin , Li Wenyuan , Chen Jia , Xu Jianan , Li Kai , Deng Hanao , Zhao Ke , Xie Yahong , Chang Aimin , Zhang Bo
Published: October 2024

Y2/3Cu3Ti4O12 (YCTO) thermosensitive ceramics with high-sensitivity and fast-response characteristics have potential applications in the next generation of smart electronic devices.
The Effect of Antenna Place Codes for Reducing Sidelobes of SIAR and Frequency Diverse Array Sensors
Authors: Yaghoubi Aliabad Pourya , Soleimani Hossein , Soleimani Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Synthetic impulse and aperture radar (SIAR) is a technique that frequency diverse array (FDA) radars can imply in practice, thus overcoming some of their challenges. SIAR radars, used in various fields like transportation and defense, can detect the range, azimuth angle, elevation angle, and Doppler of the target with their 4D‐matched filter and a single receiver. However, the challenge of high‐amplitude sidelobes is a significant concern for researchers. They have attempted to reduce it through various approaches, including frequency code, range–angle coupling, and range–Doppler coupling, to accurately identify target characteristics. This paper presents the antenna place code (AP code) parameter as a significant factor in minimizing sidelobe amplitudes. The parameter specifies that, rather than having all antennas active, a certain number of antennas are active in each pulse repetition interval (PRI) to achieve a lower sidelobe. Researchers have found that using AP codes can effectively lower the amplitude of the range–angle sidelobe, the range–Doppler sidelobe, error coupling, the repetition of sidelobe strands, and the output of angle error for different target angles. All studies are conducted on a linear array for simplicity. The output of various AP codes is compared to the previously common uniform array.
Learning‐based tracking control of AUV: Mixed policy improvement and game‐based disturbance rejection
Authors: Ye Jun , Gao Hongbo , Hu Manjiang , Bian Yougang , Cui Qingjia , Qin Xiaohui , Ding Rongjun
Published: October 2024

A mixed adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) scheme based on zero‐sum game theory is developed to address optimal control problems of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) systems subject to disturbances and safe constraints. By combining prior dynamic knowledge and actual sampled data, the proposed approach effectively mitigates the defect caused by the inaccurate dynamic model and significantly improves the training speed of the ADP algorithm. Initially, the dataset is enriched with sufficient reference data collected based on a nominal model without considering modelling bias. Also, the control object interacts with the real environment and continuously gathers adequate sampled data in the dataset. To comprehensively leverage the advantages of model‐based and model‐free methods during training, an adaptive tuning factor is introduced based on the dataset that possesses model‐referenced information and conforms to the distribution of the real‐world environment, which balances the influence of model‐based control law and data‐driven policy gradient on the direction of policy improvement. As a result, the proposed approach accelerates the learning speed compared to data‐driven methods, concurrently also enhancing the tracking performance in comparison to model‐based control methods. Moreover, the optimal control problem under disturbances is formulated as a zero‐sum game, and the actor‐critic‐disturbance framework is introduced to approximate the optimal control input, cost function, and disturbance policy, respectively. Furthermore, the convergence property of the proposed algorithm based on the value iteration method is analysed. Finally, an example of AUV path following based on the improved line‐of‐sight guidance is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Joint channel allocation and transmit power control for underlay EH‐CRNs: A clustering‐based multi‐agent DDPG approach
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Kuang Xinyu , Li Zefu , Zheng Kechen
Published: October 2024

To address the concerns of energy supply and spectrum scarcity for wireless devices, energy harvesting cognitive radio networks have been proposed. To improve spectrum utilization, secondary users (SUs) access the licensed spectrum in underlay mode, which may cause severe interference to primary users and SUs. The focus is on the underlay energy harvesting cognitive radio networks with multiple pairs of SUs, and formulate the long‐term secondary throughput maximization problem as a mixed‐integer non‐linear programming problem. As traditional approaches could hardly solve the mixed‐integer non‐linear programming problem well, a centralized deep deterministic policy gradient (C‐DDPG) approach is proposed that achieves satisfactory throughput performance. To reduce the computational complexity of C‐DDPG, we further propose a clustering‐based multi‐agent DDPG (CMA‐DDPG) approach that combines the advantages of the centralized deep reinforcement learning approach and the distributed deep reinforcement learning approach. In the CMA‐DDPG, a novel interference‐based clustering algorithm is proposed, which partitions the SUs that cause severe mutual interference into one cluster, and the sizes of state space and action space are smaller than those in C‐DDPG. Numerical results validate the superiority of the proposed approaches in terms of the throughput and outage probability, and validate the clustering performance of the interference‐based clustering algorithm in terms of the outage probability of the secondary network.
A node deployment and resource optimization method for CPDS based on cloud‐fog‐edge collaboration
Authors: Xiong Xiaoping , Yang Geng
Published: October 2024

With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) in power distribution and the advancement of energy information integration technologies, the explosive growth in network data volume caused by massive terminal devices connecting to the power distribution network has become a significant challenge. Multi‐terminal collaborative computing is a key approach to addressing issues such as high latency and high energy consumption. In this article, fog computing is introduced into the computing network of the power distribution system, and a cloud‐fog‐edge collaborative computing architecture for intelligent power distribution networks is proposed. Within this framework, an improved weighted K‐means method based on information entropy theory is presented for node partitioning. Subsequently, an improved multi‐objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (MWM‐MOPSO) is employed to solve the task resource allocation problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed architecture and allocation strategy is validated through simulations on the OPNET and PureEdgeSim platforms. The results demonstrate that, compared to traditional cloud‐edge service architectures, the proposed architecture and task offloading scheme achieve better performance in terms of processing latency and energy consumption.
Hystimator: DRT‐based hysteresis modelling for accurate SoC estimation in LFP battery cells
Authors: Thenaisie Guillaume , Brivio Claudio
Published: October 2024

State of Charge (SoC) estimation for Lithium‐Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries is challenging due to a flat Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) curve and a well‐known hysteresis effect. The authors built upon a previous study, which has shown that hysteresis in LFP is not an inherent characteristic but a very slow relaxation process when compared to other battery chemistries. Distribution of Relaxation Times (DRT) is used to deconvolve Electro‐Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements and model the hysteresis effect. The extracted DRT parameters show good agreement at low frequencies with previous thermodynamic studies in both fresh and aged cell conditions. The proposed model, called hystimator, integrates the hysteresis characteristics into a physics‐based Electro‐Chemical Model (ECM). The validation results show a significant reduction in the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) during real‐world laboratory testing. This approach holds promise for SoC estimation in LFP battery cells, especially in embedded Battery Management System (BMS).
Existence of slowly rotating bipolytropes with prolate cores
Authors: Staelen C. , Huré J.-M. , Meunier A. , Noé P.
Published: October 2024

We report the existence of hydrostatic equilibrium states for a composite body made of two rigidly rotating, homogeneous layers bounded by spheroidal surfaces, where the core has a prolate shape. These new configurations require an oblate envelope that spins faster than the core. No solution with a prolate envelope is found. For some parameters, the prolate core can even be at rest. Numerical experiments based on the self-consistent field method support this result in the case of heterogeneous layers with polytropic equations of state. The possible cancellation of the first gravitational moment, J2, is discussed.
Effect of the local and large-scale environment on the star formation histories of galaxies
Authors: Torres-Ríos G. , Pérez I. , Verley S. , Domínguez-Gómez J. , Argudo-Fernández M. , Duarte Puertas S. , Jiménez A. , Ruiz-Lara T. , Zurita A. , Bidaran B. , Conrado A. , Espada D. , García-Benito R. , González Delgado R. M. , Falcón-Barroso J. , Florido E. , Sánchez-Blázquez P. , Sánchez-Menguiano L.
Published: October 2024

Context. The specific environment of galaxies may play a key role in their evolution. Large extragalactic surveys make it possible to study galaxies not only within their local environment, but also within the large-scale structure of the Universe.

Aims. We aim to investigate how the local environment influences the star formation history (SFH) of galaxies across a range of large-scale environments.

Methods. We categorised a sample of 9384 galaxies into the three primary large-scale structures (voids, walls and filaments, and clusters). We further classified them based on their local environment (as either ‘singlets’ or group members) through a search of companion galaxies within sky-projected distances of Δrp < 0.45 Mpc and velocity differences of Δv < 160 km s−1. Subsequently, we explored these subsamples using SFH data from previous works. Throughout this study, we divided galaxies into long-timescale SFH galaxies (LT-SFH), which assemble their mass steadily along cosmic time, and short-timescale SFH galaxies (ST-SFH), which form their stars early on. We then compared their characteristic mass assembly look-back times.

Results. The distributions of mass assembly look-back times in ST-SFH galaxies are statistically different for singlets and groups. These differences are only found in LT-SFH galaxies when studying these distributions in stellar mass bins. Our results indicate that the large-scale environment is related to a delay in mass assembly of up to ∼2 Gyr, while this delay is < 1 Gyr in the case of local environment. The effects of both types of environment are more significant in less massive galaxies and in LT-SFHs.

Conclusions. Our results are consistent with galaxies in groups assembling their stellar mass earlier than in singlets, especially in voids and lower mass galaxies. Local environment plays a relevant role in stellar mass assembly times, although we find that large-scale structures also cause a delay in mass assembly, and all the more so in the case of cluster galaxies.
The fast rise of the unusual type IIL/IIb SN 2018ivc
Authors: Reguitti A. , Dastidar R. , Pignata G. , Maeda K. , Moriya T. J. , Kuncarayakti H. , Rodríguez Ó. , Bersten M. , Anderson J. P. , Charalampopoulos P. , Fraser M. , Gromadzki M. , Young D. R. , Benetti S. , Cai Y.-Z. , Elias-Rosa N. , Lundqvist P. , Carini R. , Cosentino S. P. , Galbany L. , Gonzalez-Bañuelos M. , Gutiérrez C. P. , Kopsacheili M. , Pineda García J. A. , Ramirez M.
Published: October 2024

We present an analysis of the photometric and spectroscopic dataset of the type II supernova (SN) 2018ivc in the nearby (10 Mpc) galaxy Messier 77. Thanks to our high-cadence data, we observed the SN rising very rapidly by nearly three magnitudes in five hours (or 18 mag d−1). The r-band light curve presents four distinct phases: the maximum light, which was reached in just one day, followed by a first, rapid linear decline and a short-duration plateau. Finally, the long, slower linear decline lasted for one year. Thanks to the ensuing radio re-brightening, we were able to detect SN 2018ivc four years after the explosion. The early spectra show a blue, nearly featureless continuum, but the spectra go on to evolve rapidly; after about ten days, a prominent Hα line starts to emerge, characterised by a peculiar profile. However, the spectra are heavily contaminated by emission lines from the host galaxy. The He I lines, namely λλ5876,7065, are also strong. In addition, strong absorption from the Na I doublet is evident and indicative of a non-negligible internal reddening. From its equivalent width, we derived a lower limit on the host reddening of AV ≃ 1.5 mag. From the Balmer decrement and a match of the B − V colour curve of SN 2018ivc to that of the comparison objects, we obtained a host reddening of AV ≃ 3.0 mag. The spectra are similar to those of SNe II, but with strong He lines. Given the peculiar light curve and spectral features, we suggest SN 2018ivc could be a transitional object between the type IIL and type IIb SNe classes. In addition, we found signs of an interaction with the circum-stellar medium (CSM) in the light curve, also making SN 2018ivc an interacting event. Finally, we modelled the early multi-band light curves and photospheric velocity of SN 2018ivc to estimate the physical parameters of the explosion and CSM.