bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cerebrovascular function and its association with systemic artery function and stiffness in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Bailey Tom G. , Klein Timo , Meneses Annelise L. , Stefanidis Kayla B. , Ruediger Stefanie , Green Daniel J. , Stuckenschneider Tim , Schneider Stefan , Askew Christopher D.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Our aim was to compare cerebrovascular and systemic vascular function between older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to determine which measures of vascular function best predict the presence of MCI.

Methods

In 41 adults with MCI and 33 adults without MCI (control) we compared middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) and cerebrovascular pulsatility index (PI) at rest, cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2, and responsiveness to changes in blood pressure (%∆MCAv/%∆MAP). Systemic vascular function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV).

Results

Cerebrovascular PI was higher in MCI compared with control (mean ± SD: 1.17 ± 0.27 vs. 1.04 ± 0.21), and MCI exhibited a lower %∆MCAv/%∆MAP (1.26 ± 0.44 vs. 1.50 ± 0.55%). Absolute (p = 0.76) and relative cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 (p = 0.34) was similar between MCI and control. When age was included as a covariate the significant difference in cerebral PI between groups was lost. PWV was higher (13.2 ± 2.2 vs. 11.3 ± 2.5 m s−1) and FMD% (4.41 ± 1.70 vs. 5.43 ± 2.15%) was lower in MCI compared with control. FMD% was positively associated with PI across the cohort. Logistic regression analysis indicated that FMD and PWV significantly discriminated between MCI and controls, independent of age, whereas the inclusion of cerebrovascular measures did not improve the predictive accuracy of the model.

Conclusion

These findings raise the possibility that early changes in systemic vascular stiffness and endothelial function may contribute to altered cerebrovascular haemodynamics and impaired cognitive function, and present potential targets for prevention and treatment strategies in people with MCI.
Two-cavities approach for resection of pediatric abdominal neuroblastic tumors: experience of a national reference pediatric onco-surgical center
Authors: Urla Cristian , Warmann Steven W. , Schmidt Andreas , Mayer Benjamin , Handgretinger Rupert , Neunhoeffer Felix , Schäfer Jürgen , Fuchs Jörg
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Surgery of complex neuroblastic tumors often requires additional procedures, especially in the situation of tumor extension within thorax and impossibility of securing the aorta above the tumor. These situations prompt the opening of the thoracic cavity. The concern regarding increased operative trauma and morbidity associated with this approach make surgeons reluctant regarding this technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two-cavities approach based on our experience in a reference pediatric onco-surgical center.

Methods

Between 2003 and 2021, we operated on 232 neuroblastic tumors. 31/232 patients with complex, advanced-stage neuroblastic tumors underwent tumor resection through a two-cavities approach. A retrospective review of patient’s records was performed.

Results

The median age at operation was 48 months (5–180). 23/31 patients presented image-defined risk factors (IDRF). The approach most commonly used was the transverse laparotomy with incision of the diaphragm (n = 14), followed by the thoraco-abdominal incision (n = 10). Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 24 patients, a near-GTR in 4 cases, and an incomplete resection in 3 cases. Median duration of surgery was 288 min (99–900) and median duration of mechanical ventilation was 22 h (0–336). Postoperative complications occurred in 10 patients, 6/10 required surgical reintervention. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 90% and the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 50%.

Conclusions

The two-cavities approach for resection of abdominal neuroblastoma in children is a safe technique with no added morbidity.
A stochastic simulation model for assessing the masking effects of road noise for wildlife, outdoor recreation, and bioacoustic monitoring
Authors: Toth Cory A. , Pauli Benjamin P. , McClure Christopher J. W. , Francis Clinton D. , Newman Peter , Barber Jesse R. , Fristrup Kurt
Published: May 2022

Traffic noise is one of the leading causes of reductions in animal abundances near roads. Acoustic masking of conspecific signals and adventitious cues is one mechanism that likely causes animals to abandon loud areas. However, masking effects can be difficult to document in situ and the effects of infrequent noise events may be impractical to study. Here, we present the Soundscapes model, a stochastic individual-based model that dynamically models the listening areas of animals searching for acoustic resources (“searchers"). The model also studies the masking effects of noise for human detections of the searchers. The model is set in a landscape adjacent to a road. Noise produced by vehicles traveling on that road is represented by calibrated spectra that vary with speed. Noise propagation is implemented using ISO-9613 procedures. We present demonstration simulations that quantify declines in searcher efficiency and human detection of searchers at relatively low traffic volumes, fewer than 50 vehicles per hour. Traffic noise is pervasive, and the Soundscapes model offers an extensible tool to study the effects of noise on bioacoustics monitoring, point-count surveys, the restorative value of natural soundscapes, and auditory performance in an ecological context.
Machine learning model prediction of 6-month functional outcome in elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Trevisi Gianluca , Caccavella Valerio Maria , Scerrati Alba , Signorelli Francesco , Salamone Giuseppe Giovanni , Orsini Klizia , Fasciani Christian , D’Arrigo Sonia , Auricchio Anna Maria , D’Onofrio Ginevra , Salomi Francesco , Albanese Alessio , De Bonis Pasquale , Mangiola Annunziato , Sturiale Carmelo Lucio
Published: May 2022

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has an increasing incidence and a worse outcome in elderly patients. The ability to predict the functional outcome in these patients can be helpful in supporting treatment decisions and establishing prognostic expectations. We evaluated the performance of a machine learning (ML) model to predict the 6-month functional status in elderly patients with ICH leveraging the predictive value of the clinical characteristics at hospital admission. Data were extracted by a retrospective multicentric database of patients ≥ 70 years of age consecutively admitted for the management of spontaneous ICH between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2019. Relevant demographic, clinical, and radiological variables were selected by a feature selection algorithm (Boruta) and used to build a ML model. Outcome was determined according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 6 months from ICH: dead (GOS 1), poor outcome (GOS 2–3: vegetative status/severe disability), and good outcome (GOS 4–5: moderate disability/good recovery). Ten features were selected by Boruta with the following relative importance order in the ML model: Glasgow Coma Scale, Charlson Comorbidity Index, ICH score, ICH volume, pupillary status, brainstem location, age, anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents, intraventricular hemorrhage, and cerebellar location. Random forest prediction model, evaluated on the hold-out test set, achieved an AUC of 0.96 (0.94–0.98), 0.89 (0.86–0.93), and 0.93 (0.90–0.95) for dead, poor, and good outcome classes, respectively, demonstrating high discriminative ability. A random forest classifier was successfully trained and internally validated to stratify elderly patients with spontaneous ICH into prognostic subclasses. The predictive value is enhanced by the ability of ML model to identify synergy among variables.
Poverty after Birth: How Mothers Experience and Navigate U.S. Safety Net Programs to Address Family Needs
Authors: Marti-Castaner Maria , Pavlenko Tonya , Engel Ruby , Sanchez Karen , Crawford Allyson E. , Brooks-Gunn Jeanne , Wimer Christopher
Published: May 2022

Although pregnancy and the first year of life are sensitive windows for child development, we know very little about the lived experiences of mothers living in poverty or near poverty during the perinatal period; specifically, how they perceive and use public resources to support themselves and their newborn. In this qualitative study, we explore how predominantly Black and Latinx mothers with infants living in or near poverty and engaged in public assistance manage to meet their family’s needs with available resources from safety net programs and social supports. We conducted 20 qualitative interviews with mothers living in (85%) or near poverty in New York City (NYC). All participants (mean age = 24) had an 11-month-old infant at the time of the interview. Using thematic analysis, we identified five main themes reflecting how mothers experience and navigate living with very low incomes while engaging in public assistance programs: (1) experiencing cascading effects of hardships during pregnancy, (2) relying on food assistance and informal supports amid scarcity, (3) waiting for limited affordable housing: ‘life on hold’, (4) finding pathways towards stability after the baby’s birth, (5) making it work: efforts to look forward. Results describe how the current focus on “work first” of existing federal and state policies adds a layer of stress and burden on the lives of single mothers experiencing low incomes and entangled hardships during pregnancy and after birth. We document how mothers experience coverage gaps and implementation challenges navigating the patchwork of public assistance programs, yet how the support of flexible caseworkers accessing, using, and coordinating assistance has the potential to help mothers plan for longer-term goals.
Replicability of experimental tool evaluations in model-based software and systems engineering with MATLAB/Simulink
Authors: Boll Alexander , Vieregg Nicole , Kehrer Timo
Published: May 2022

Research on novel tools for model-based development differs from a mere engineering task by not only developing a new tool, but by providing some form of evidence that it is effective. This is typically achieved by experimental evaluations. Following principles of good scientific practice, both the tool and the models used in the experiments should be made available along with a paper, aiming at the replicability of experimental results. We investigate to which degree recent research reporting on novel methods, techniques, or algorithms supporting model-based development with MATLAB/Simulink meets the requirements for replicability of experimental results. Our results from studying 65 research papers obtained through a systematic literature search are rather unsatisfactory. In a nutshell, we found that only 31% of the tools and 22% of the models used as experimental subjects are accessible. Given that both artifacts are needed for a replication study, only 9% of the tool evaluations presented in the examined papers can be classified to be replicable in principle. We found none of the experimental results presented in these papers to be fully replicable, and 6% partially replicable. Given that tools are still being listed among the major obstacles of a more widespread adoption of model-based principles in practice, we see this as an alarming signal. While we are convinced that this situation can only be improved as a community effort, this paper is meant to serve as starting point for discussion, based on the lessons learnt from our study.
Moving Beyond Uber
Authors: Kirchner Stefan , Dittmar Nele , Ziegler Emilia Sophie
Published: May 2022

Discussions on organizational models and work in the platform economy often center on Uber as a prominent example of a digital marketplace that relies on venture capital and gig labor from self-employed drivers. This focus on Uber underestimates the diversity of organizational models and work types that likely arise from struggles between firms seeking to dominate emerging fields. Our exploratory results coming out of the field of “shared mobility” in Germany show that the platform economy harbors two modes: a fewdigital marketplaceswithgig laborand manyapp-enabled firmsthat build on smartphones to operate their mobility services with employees that performapp-enabled labor. In addition, some firms that rely on venture capital face several firms financed by incumbents from adjacent fields—in particular, car manufacturing. Overall, we find an absorption of platform technology by incumbents alongside disruption induced by start-ups. We conclude that German shared mobility comprises a diversity of organizational models and work types beyond the Uber model, the mapping of which helps toward a better understanding of the platform economy.
The association of stress and physical activity: Mind the ecological fallacy
Authors: Reichert Markus , Brüßler Sarah , Reinhard Iris , Braun Urs , Giurgiu Marco , Hoell Andreas , Zipf Alexander , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Tost Heike , Ebner-Priemer Ulrich W.
Published: May 2022

Psychological stress and physical activity are interrelated, constituting a relevant association to human health, especially in children. However, the association’s nature remains elusive, i.e., why psychological stress predicts both decreased and increased physical activity. To test whether effects vary as a function of the level of analyses, we derived intensive longitudinal data via accelerometers and stress questionnaires from 74 children across 7 days as they went about their daily routines (n = 513 assessments). Multilevel modelling analyses revealed that between children, higher psychological stress predicted decreased physical activity (standardized beta coefficient = −0.14; p = 0.046). Concurrently, within those children, higher psychological stress predicted increased physical activity across days (standardized beta coefficient = 0.09; p = 0.015). Translated to practice, children who experienced more stress than others moved less, but children were more active on days when they experienced heightened stress. This suggests that the analyses level is crucial to the understanding of the association between psychological stress and physical activity and should be considered to receive unequivocal results. If replicated, e.g., including high-frequency sampling and experimental manipulation in everyday life for in-depth insights on underlying mechanisms and causality, our findings may be translated to individually tailored (digital) prevention and intervention strategies which target children’s distress-feelings despite impairing their heightened physical activity in stressful situations and identify tipping points of chronic stress phases. Therefore, we especially call for more intensive longitudinal data approaches to tackle thus far neglected within-subject issues in the field of physical activity, sport and exercise research.
Developing an optimal design model of furrow irrigation based on the minimum cost and maximum irrigation efficiency
Authors: Ostad-Ali-Askari Kaveh
Published: May 2022

The foremost aim of the channel irrigation is a suitable choice of preparation and decision-making flexibles. These flexibles are the channel length, current degree to the channel and cutoff period. These flexibles are calculated through optimization depending on diminishing the overall irrigation cost and maximizing the application competence of irrigation. The goal meaning has been shaped depending on costs of the water, employee and head channel and channel excavation. So, in the impartial purpose, an equation should be measured for calculating the water advance period in an indistinct and detailed way. Subsequently, none of the careful approaches applied for advance channel irrigation such as zero inactivity calculate the advance time overtly; therefore, in this investigation the Valiantzas equation has been applied which has been assumed from the consequences of the zero inertia prototypical. In the impartial purpose, in addition to the preparation flexibles, soil features, channel and net irrigation condition have been included. So, the project variables and irrigation competence can be calculated for each kind of soil and exact herbal. An example of this project has been existed in this investigation.
Data intelligence and hybrid metaheuristic algorithms-based estimation of reference evapotranspiration
Authors: Elbeltagi Ahmed , Raza Ali , Hu Yongguang , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Kushwaha N. L. , Srivastava Aman , Kumar Vishwakarma Dinesh , Zubair Muhammad
Published: May 2022

For developing countries, scarcity of climatic data is the biggest challenge, and model development with limited meteorological input is of critical importance. In this study, five data intelligent and hybrid metaheuristic machine learning algorithms, namely additive regression (AR), AR-bagging, AR-random subspace (AR-RSS), AR-M5P, and AR-REPTree, were applied to predict monthly mean daily reference evapotranspiration (ET0). For this purpose, climatic data of two meteorological stations located in the semi-arid region of Pakistan were used from the period 1987 to 2016. The climatic dataset includes maximum and minimum temperature (Tmax, Tmin), average relative humidity (RHavg), average wind speed (Ux), and sunshine hours (n). Sensitivity analysis through regression methods was applied to determine effective input climatic parameters for ET0 modeling. The results of performed regression analysis on all input parameters proved that Tmin, RHAvg, Ux, and n were identified as the most influential input parameters at the studied station. From the results, it was revealed that all the selected models predicted ET0 at both stations with greater precision. The AR-REPTree model was located furthest and the AR-M5P model was located nearest to the observed point based on the performing indices at both the selected meteorological stations. The study concluded that under the aforementioned methodological framework, the AR-M5P model can yield higher accuracy in predicting ET0 values, as compared to other selected algorithms.
Volume reduction of water samples to increase sensitivity for radioassay of lead contamination
Authors: Aguilar-Arevalo A. , Canet C. , Cruz-Pérez M. A. , Deisting A. , Dias A. , D’Olivo J. C. , Favela-Pérez F. , Garcés E. A. , González Muñoz A. , Guerra-Pulido J. O. , Mancera-Alejandrez J. , Marín-Lámbarri D. J. , Martinez Montero M. , Monroe J. R. , Paling S. , Peeters S. J. M. , Scovell P. R. , Türkoğlu C. , Vázquez-Jáuregui E. , Walding J.
Published: May 2022

The World Health Organisation (WHO) presents an upper limit for lead in drinking water of 10 parts per billion ppb. Typically, to reach this level of sensitivity, expensive metrology is required. To increase the sensitivity range of low-cost devices, this paper explores the prospects of using a volume reduction technique of a boiled water sample doped with Lead-210 ($${}^{210}$$

210

 Pb), as a means to increase the solute’s concentration. $${}^{210}$$

210

Pb is a radioactive lead isotope and its concentration in a water sample can be measured with e.g. High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors at the Boulby Underground Germanium Suite. Concentrations close to the WHO limit have not been examined. This paper presents a measurement of the volume reduction technique retaining $$99\pm (9)$$

99
±
(
9
)

% of $${}^{210}$$

210

Pb starting from a concentration of $$1.9 \times 10^{-6}$$

1.9
×

10

-
6

 ppb before reduction and resulting in $$2.63 \times 10^{-4}$$

2.63
×

10

-
4

 ppb after reduction. This work also applies the volume reduction technique to London tap water and reports the radioassay results from gamma counting in HPGe detectors. Among other radio-isotopes, $${}^{40}$$

40

K, $${}^{210}$$

210

Pb, $${}^{131}$$

131

I and $${}^{177}$$

177

Lu were identified at measured concentrations of $$2.83 \times 10^{3}$$

2.83
×

10
3

 ppb, $$2.55 \times 10^{-7}$$

2.55
×

10

-
7

 ppb, $$5.06 \times 10^{-10}$$

5.06
×

10

-
10

 ppb and $$5.84 \times 10^{-10}$$

5.84
×

10

-
10

 ppb in the London tap water sample. This technique retained $${90 \pm 50}{\%}$$

90
±
50

%

of $${}^{40}$$

40

K. Stable lead was inferred from the same water sample at a measured concentration of 0.012 ppb, prior to reduction.
Efficient heavy metals and salts rejection using a novel modified polysulfone nanofiltration membrane
Authors: Gholami F. , Asadi A. , Zinatizadeh A. A.
Published: May 2022

Recent research proclivity is about supplying water for drinking, urban and industrial applications which is recognized as one of the most significant challenges that threaten humanity. Giving its simplicity and high efficient yield, membrane technology has been preferred compared to other separation technologies for water and wastewater treatment. In the present research, KIT-6 (KIT: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) was functionalized by H-acid to improve hydrophilic functional groups on KIT-6 surface. Different characterization tests were performed to prove the insertion of H-acid on KIT-6 (H-KIT-6), e.g., FT-IR, XRD, zeta potential and FESEM analysis. Also, the effects of different loading of KIT-6 and H-KIT-6 on the morphology, characteristics and performance of Polysulfone (PSf) nanofiltration (NF) membranes were investigated. The maximum pure water flux (30.2 kg/m2 h), the lowest irreversible fouling ratio (3.96%) and the highest flux recovery ratio (96.04%) were obtained for the membrane embedded with 0.1 wt.% H-KIT-6 (optimum membrane). Also, the performance of the synthesized membranes was evaluated by rejection of four different salts (K2SO4, MgSO4, KCl and NaCl) and heavy metal ions (As3+ and Hg2+). The NF membrane embedded with 0.1 wt.% H-KIT-6 also presented the highest rejection of different salts and heavy metal ions (As3+ = 99.85% and Hg2+  = 99.27%) compared to the others. Finally, the performance of the optimum membrane to treat a real case of Gachsaran brackish water was assessed. As a result, by applying the optimum membrane, 565 mg/l, 28 mg/l and 27 mg/l of Ca2+, SO42− and Mg2+ were rejected, respectively.
Reservoir characterization analysis in glacial reservoirs
Authors: Al-Dawood Ahmed , Al-Shuhail Abdullatif
Published: May 2022

This research aims to characterize reservoir properties by applying rock physics and AVO analysis followed by pre-stack inversion. Two approaches are investigated: One approach addresses the case in which there are wells and seismic data, and the other addresses cases where only seismic data are available. The former approach is achieved by using well-log cross-plots for rock physics modeling to determine the feasibility and pay zone through gas fluid substitution followed by AVO analysis. Pre-stack inversion is then used to predict porosity and gas saturation. In the second approach, a synthetic seismogram is generated and compared to the observed seismic trace at the location of interest by forward modeling P-wave interval velocity and density. The best-matching P-wave velocity and density are subsequently used to generate synthetic well logs at the same location. Pre-stack inversion is then performed on these synthetic wells to predict porosity and gas saturation. Property prediction is performed by a feasibility study and pay zone calculation using rock physics modeling of the nearest well to the seismic block. Finally, the results of this case are validated using real wells. This new approach of reservoir characterization using synthetic wells is applied on reservoir channels and yielded a fairly good porosity prediction but a less accurate prediction of gas saturation.
MIRSIG position paper: the use of image registration and fusion algorithms in radiotherapy
Authors: Lowther Nicholas , Louwe Rob , Yuen Johnson , Hardcastle Nicholas , Yeo Adam , Jameson Michael ,   the Medical Image and Registration Special Interest Group (MIRSIG) of the ACPSEM
Published: May 2022

The report of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group No. 132 published in 2017 reviewed rigid image registration and deformable image registration (DIR) approaches and solutions to provide recommendations for quality assurance and quality control of clinical image registration and fusion techniques in radiotherapy. However, that report did not include the use of DIR for advanced applications such as dose warping or warping of other matrices of interest. Considering that DIR warping tools are now readily available, discussions were hosted by the Medical Image Registration Special Interest Group (MIRSIG) of the Australasian College of Physical Scientists & Engineers in Medicine in 2018 to form a consensus on best practice guidelines. This position statement authored by MIRSIG endorses the recommendations of the report of AAPM task group 132 and expands on the best practice advice from the ‘Deforming to Best Practice’ MIRSIG publication to provide guidelines on the use of DIR for advanced applications.
Isolated Congenital Left Ventricular Diverticulum of the Fetal Heart in a Twin Pregnancy: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Binfadel Maha , Hrfi Abdah , Al Sehly Abdullah
Published: May 2022

We report a rare congenital heart disease in the form of isolated fetal left ventricular diverticulum in a spontaneous twin pregnancy, detected at 30 weeks of gestation. The diagnosis was confirmed postnatally with Echocardiography and Cardiac MRI. The case highlights the relevance of antenatal screening in detecting cardiac anomalies as early as possible to allow early postnatal work up and intervention if needed. The patient is currently 6 years old, and is followed regularly and is completely asymptomatic with no intervention required
Treatment with bortezomib for recurrent proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits in kidney allograft. Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Oki Rikako , Unagami Kohei , Taneda Sekiko , Takagi Toshio , Ishida Hideki
Published: May 2022

Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin IgG deposits (PGNMID) is an already described form of renal involvement by monoclonal gammopathy. PGNMID is known to recur in kidney allografts. Bortezomib has shown clinical success in the treatment of multiple myeloma. However, its effect for recurrent PGNMID in kidney allografts has rarely been reported. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman who developed recurrent PGNMID 3 weeks after kidney transplantation. This patient was initially treated with steroid pulses (500 mg/day for 2 days) and two cycles of rituximab therapy (200 mg/body). However, disease progression was observed with mesangial matrix expansion and subendothelial deposits by light microscopy and stronger staining for IgG3 and kappa in the mesangial area by Immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. Thus, we started treatment with bortezomib therapy (1.3 mg/m2, once weekly, on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 in a 5-week cycle, for a total of six cycles). Bortezomib therapy reduced massive proteinuria, although monoclonal immune deposits on IF and the serum creatinine level did not change during the treatment period. Seven months after completion of the first bortezomib course, we decided to prescribe a second course of bortezomib with the same regimen. Each course resulted in a > 50% reduction of proteinuria. Bortezomib may delay the progress of PGNMID in kidney allograft patients.
Student achievement prediction using deep neural network from multi-source campus data
Authors: Li Xiaoyong , Zhang Yong , Cheng Huimin , Li Mengran , Yin Baocai
Published: May 2022

Finding students at high risk of poor academic performance as early as possible plays an important role in improving education quality. To do so, most existing studies have used the traditional machine learning algorithms to predict students’ achievement based on their behavior data, from which behavior features are extracted manually thanks to expert experience and knowledge. However, owing to an increase in the varieties and overall volume of behavioral data, it has become more and more challenging to identify high-quality handcrafted features. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep learning model that automatically extracts features from students’ multi-source heterogeneous behavior data to predict academic performance. The key innovation of this model is that it uses long short-term memory networks to capture inherent time-series features for each type of behavior, and it takes two-dimensional convolutional networks to extract correlation features among different behaviors. We conducted experiments with four types of daily behavior data from students of the university in Beijing. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed deep model method outperforms several machine learning algorithms.
The Equidistant Dimension of Graphs
Authors: González A. , Hernando C. , Mora M.
Published: May 2022

A subset S of vertices of a connected graph G is a distance-equalizer set if for every two distinct vertices $$x, y \in V (G) {\setminus } S$$

x
,
y
∈
V
(
G
)
\
S

there is a vertex $$w \in S$$

w
∈
S

such that the distances from x and y to w are the same. The equidistant dimension of G is the minimum cardinality of a distance-equalizer set of G. This paper is devoted to introduce this parameter and explore its properties and applications to other mathematical problems, not necessarily in the context of graph theory. Concretely, we first establish some bounds concerning the order, the maximum degree, the clique number, and the independence number, and characterize all graphs attaining some extremal values. We then study the equidistant dimension of several families of graphs (complete and complete multipartite graphs, bistars, paths, cycles, and Johnson graphs), proving that, in the case of paths and cycles, this parameter is related to 3-AP-free sets. Subsequently, we show the usefulness of distance-equalizer sets for constructing doubly resolving sets.
A review of geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) of additive manufacturing and powder bed fusion lattices
Authors: Pei Eujin , Kabir Israt , Breški Tomislav , Godec Damir , Nordin Axel
Published: May 2022

To increase industrial adoption, part qualification and certification of the additive manufacturing (AM) process are crucial through geometric benchmarking as well as optimising the properties and process parameters. However, an extensive research gap remains concerning the geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) of AM parts. This paper presents a review on the state-of-art GD&T benchmarking of powder bed fusion techniques enabling complex geometrical features like lattices. The study found a lack of design guidelines and standardised measurement techniques for lattice features and profiles.
Einmal begeistert, immer begeistert? Eine Experience-Sampling Studie zur wahrgenommen Unterrichtsqualität und Motivation von Schülerinnen und Schülern im Kunstunterricht
Authors: Rakoczy Katrin , Frick Ulrich , Weiß-Wittstadt Susanne , Tallon Miles , Wagner Ernst
Published: May 2022

Zahlreiche Studien in der quantitativ-empirischen Unterrichtsforschung folgen zwar theoretisch der Angebots-Nutzungskonzeption unterrichtlicher Wirkungen, basieren jedoch auf retrospektiv erhobenen Unterrichtswahrnehmungen oder Beobachtungsdaten und können daher wenig Aussagen über das subjektive Erleben von Lernenden während des Unterrichts machen. Befunde zur intraindividuellen Varianz von wahrgenommener Unterrichtsqualität und Motivation im Unterricht sowie zu intraindividuellen Zusammenhängen würden helfen, unterrichtliche Wirkungen unter Angebots-Nutzungsperspektive noch besser zu verstehen. Dieses Desiderat aufgreifend wurden in vorliegender Studie Lernende mittels Experience-Sampling Methode zu mehreren Zeitpunkten im Verlauf zweier Doppelstunden Kunstunterricht zu ihrer Unterrichtsqualitätswahrnehmung und Motivation befragt. Darüber hinaus wurde die Erfüllung der Bedürfnisse nach Kompetenz und Autonomie als Indikatoren für die individuelle Nutzung des Angebots als potenzielle Mediatorvariablen erfragt. Auf Basis einer Stichprobe von 222 Lernenden aus 9 Klassen der 9. Jahrgangsstufe des Gymnasiums und der Integrierten Gesamtschule zeigten sich folgende Ergebnisse: 1) Der größte Teil der Varianz in den Einschätzungen aller Konstrukte der Lernenden lag zwischen den Zeitpunkten, gefolgt von der Varianz zwischen den Personen; zwischen den Klassen variierten die Einschätzungen kaum. 2) Es konnten charakteristische Verlaufsformen einiger erhobener Einschätzungen über die beiden Doppelstunden ermittelt werden. 3) Vor allem auf intraindividueller Ebene wurden neben direkten Effekten der Unterrichtswahrnehmungen auf die selbstbestimmte Motivation auch indirekte über die wahrgenommene Autonomieunterstützung sichtbar. Die Ergebnisse helfen zu verstehen, wie wahrgenommene Unterrichtsqualität, individuelle Nutzung (Erfüllung des Bedürfnisses nach Autonomie) und selbstbestimmte Motivation im Unterrichtsverlauf zusammenspielen und es wird diskutiert, welche weiterführenden Studien folgen sollten.
Emotional rules in two history classrooms
Authors: Sheppard Maia
Published: May 2022

Drawing on feminist and sociocultural theories of emotion that focus on the social, political, and dynamic nature of emotions in history teachers’ pedagogical decision-making, this article presents findings from the analysis of interviews with two white teachers on the role of emotions in their teaching of history in comprehensive, urban high schools. While the teachers perceived that students’ emotional connection to historical content was a necessary step in learning history, each teacher negotiated different emotional rules in their classrooms, creating unique learning experiences for their students. This study demonstrates the significance of emotions in history teaching, providing examples of the complexity of how teachers navigate dominant discourses about students and education and their own personal goals when it comes to teaching about the past.
Digital Constitutionalism in Europe
Authors: De Gregorio Giovanni
Published: May 2022

This book is about rights and powers in the digital age. It is an attempt to reframe the role of constitutional democracies in the algorithmic society. By focusing on the European constitutional framework as a lodestar, this book examines the rise and consolidation of digital constitutionalism as a reaction to digital capitalism. The primary goal is to examine how European digital constitutionalism can protect fundamental rights and democratic values against the charm of digital liberalism and the challenges raised by platform powers. Firstly, this book investigates the reasons leading to the development of digital constitutionalism in Europe. Secondly, it provides a normative framework analysing to what extent European constitutionalism provides an architecture to protect rights and limit the exercise of unaccountable powers in the algorithmic society. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Evaluating Nursing Staff Perception of Hospital Readiness for Continuity of Essential Health Care Services and Surge Capacity in Line With COVID-19
Authors: Farghaly Abdelaliem Sally Mohammed , El Hessewi Ghada Moh Samir , Alsenany Samira Ahmed , Baghdadi Nadiah A. , Alkhaldi Sarah Ali Mabaouj
Published: May 2022

Objective:

To evaluate nursing staff’ perception of hospital readiness for continuity of essential health care services and surge capacity in line with COVID-19.

Methods:

A total of 300 nurses were recruited from one hospital in Saudi Arabia. They completed self-administered, online questionnaires. The questionnaire assessed participants’ socio-demographic data and their perceptions regarding hospital readiness for continuity of essential health care services and surge capacity in line with COVID-19.

Results:

The findings revealed that nursing staff had a moderate mean score regarding hospital readiness for continuity of health care services (3.89 ± 0.61) and an average mean value regarding surge capacity of 3.83 ± 0.63. Also, the value of R2 of surge capacity in healthcare can predict 82.9% of the variance in hospital readiness for continuity of health care services in terms of surge capacity.

Conclusion:

Hospital administrators could propose hospital regulations and protocols for the management of confirmed and suspected COVID-19 patients in addition to designing a continuing education program for health professionals at all levels related to prevention, control, and management of COVID-19 suspected and confirmed patients.
Identifying and Explaining the Components Affecting for Design Preparedness Exercises of the Health System in Emergencies and Disasters: A Quality Content Analysis
Authors: Sheikhbardsiri Hojjat , Aliakbari Fatemeh , Jafari Hamid , Khademipour Gholamreza , Sahebi Ali
Published: May 2022

Objective:

Running exercise courses in different sectors of the health system is one of the important steps to prepare and deploy disaster risk management programs. The present study aimed to identify and explain the components affecting the design of preparedness exercises of the health system in disasters.

Methods:

This study was a qualitative content analysis. Data were collected by purposeful sampling through in-depth and semi-structured individual interviews with 25 health professionals in disasters who had experience in designing, implementing, and evaluating an exercise. The data were analyzed using the content analysis method.

Results:

The data analysis resulted in the production of 50 initial codes, 12 subcategories, 4 main categories of “Coordination, Command, and Guidance of Exercise,” “Hardware and Software Requirements of Exercise,” “Organizational Exercise Resources,” and “Communication and Exercise Public Information” with the original theme of “Exercise Design.”

Conclusion:

This study provides a clear picture and rich, constructive information on the concept of designing health system preparedness exercises in disasters. The findings of this study can greatly increase the attention of senior managers in all areas of health, especially managers of prehospitals and hospitals who are in the front line of the response to disasters to design standard and scientific preparedness exercises.
Telling a Different Story: Redeployment of the Narrative Alexander Tradition in a Medieval PersianDāstān
Authors: Rubanovich Julia
Published: May 2022

This article explores theremaniementof three episodes current in the Perso-Arabic Alexander tradition—i.e., Eskandar's confrontation with the Indian king Fur; Eskandar's visit to Queen Qeydāfeh; and Eskandar's encounter with the Gymnosophists—in the anonymous PersianEskandarnāmeh, a medieval epic narrative in prose (dāstān;ca. 12th–14thc.). Through extensive comparative evidence from other genres, primarily narrative poetry (Ferdowsi'sShāhnāmeh, Nezāmi'sSharafnāmehandEqbālnāmeh), mirabilia (ʿajāyeb), and exegetical works (qesas al-anbeyāʾandtafsir), this study engages with how the modalities of thedāstāngenre, with its strong leaning towards traditional oral storytelling, affect the narrative choicesEskandarnāmeh's author makes in treating these themes. In so doing, this article attempts to develop a more informed assessment of the strategies and devices which, activated both on the production and reception planes, generate competing interpretations of well-known plots recast in different narrative modes.
What is observable from wall data in turbulent channel flow?
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Mengze , Zaki Tamer A.
Published: May 2022

Estimation of the initial state of turbulent channel flow from spatially and temporally resolved wall data is performed using adjoint-variational data assimilation. The estimated flow fields satisfy the Navier–Stokes equations and minimize a cost function defined as the difference between model predictions and the available observations. The accuracy of the predicted flow deteriorates with distance from the wall, most precipitously across the buffer layer beyond which only large-scale structures are reconstructed. To explain this trend, we examine the domain of dependence of the observations and the Hessian matrix of the state-estimation cost function, both of which are efficiently evaluated using adjoint fields initiated from impulses at wall sensors. Eigenanalysis of the Hessian is performed, and the eigenvalues are related to the capacity to reconstruct flow structures represented by the eigenvectors. Most of the eigenmodes decay beyond the buffer layer, thus demonstrating weak sensitivity of wall observations to the turbulence in the bulk. However, when the measurement time

$t_m^{+} \gtrsim 20$

, some streamwise-elongated Hessian eigenfunctions remain finite in the outer flow, and correspond to the sensitivity of wall observations to outer large-scale motions. At much longer observation times, the adjoint field becomes chaotic as it amplifies exponentially, which is indicative of extreme gradients of the cost function and an ill-conditioned Hessian matrix, and both exacerbate the difficulty of estimating turbulence from wall observations.
Flow-induced vibrations of a D-section prism at a low Reynolds number
Authors: Chen Weilin , Ji Chunning , Alam Md. Mahbub , Xu Dong , An Hongwei , Tong Feifei , Zhao Yawei
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the response and the wake modes of a freely vibrating D-section prism with varying angles of attack (

$\alpha = 0^\circ \text {--}180^\circ$

) and reduced velocity (

$U^* = 2\text {--}20$

) by a numerical investigation. The Reynolds number, based on the effective diameter, is fixed at 100. The vibration of the prism is allowed only in the transverse direction. We found six types of response with increasing angle of attack: typical vortex-induced vibration (VIV) at

$\alpha = 0^\circ \text {--}35^\circ$

; extended VIV at

$\alpha = 40^\circ \text {--}65^\circ$

; combined VIV and galloping at

$\alpha = 70^\circ \text {--}80^\circ$

; narrowed VIV at

$\alpha = 85^\circ \text {--}150^\circ$

; transition response, from narrowed VIV to pure galloping, at

$\alpha = 155^\circ \text {--}160^\circ$

; and pure galloping at

$\alpha = 165^\circ \text {--}180^\circ$

. The typical and narrowed VIVs are characterized by linearly increasing normalized vibration frequency with increasing

$U^*$

, which is attributed to the stationary separation points of the boundary layer. On the other hand, in the extended VIV, the vortex shedding frequency matches the natural frequency in a large

$U^*$

range with increasing

$\alpha$

generally. The galloping is characterized by monotonically increasing amplitude with enlarging

$U^*$

, with the largest amplitude being

$A^* = 3.2$

. For the combined VIV and galloping, the vibration amplitude is marginal in the VIV branch while it significantly increases with

$U^*$

in the galloping branch. In the transition from narrowed VIV to pure galloping, the vibration frequency shows a galloping-like feature, but the amplitude does not monotonically increase with increasing

$U^*$

. Moreover, a partition of the wake modes in the

$U^*$

–

$\alpha$

parametric plane is presented, and the flow physics is elucidated through time variations of the displacement, drag and lift coefficients and vortex dynamics. The angle-of-attack range of galloping is largely predicted by performing a quasi-steady analysis of the galloping instability. Finally, the effects of

$m^*$

and

${\textit {Re}}$

, the roles of afterbody and the roles of separation point in determining vibration responses and vortex shedding frequency are further discussed.
Type IV shock interaction with a two-branch structured transonic jet
Authors: Bai Chen-Yuan , Wu Zi-Niu
Published: May 2022

Type IV shock interference has two triple points which produce two sliplines, forming a narrow jet that penetrates into the subsonic flow region behind the bow shock. Type IV shock interference in the case that the jet is supersonic has been extensively studied in the past. In this paper, type IV shock interference where the jet is transonic is studied. The transition condition from a supersonic to a transonic jet is identified and the influence of compression Mach waves, created inside the leading portion of the jet due to the pressure gradient outside the jet, on the transition and jet shape is analysed. It is found that these compression waves advance the transition from a supersonic to a transonic jet and make the flow inside the transonic jet have a two-branch structure: the lower branch is subsonic, the upper branch is supersonic and is composed of a combination of compressive and expansive waves. The mechanism by which the two-branch structure is produced is explained.
Spanning complement-taking verbs and spanning complementizers: On the realization of presuppositional clauses
Authors: KNYAZEV MIKHAIL
Published: May 2022

The paper presents an account of the (non-)realization of the DP shell in presuppositional clauses within a system where such clauses are uniformly DPs. It is argued that the DP shell is realized by a spanning verb (in languages like Russian) or a spanning complementizer (in languages like English). The analysis is extended to account for the distribution of complementizer drop.
Simple is as simple does: Plantinga and Ghazālī on divine simplicity
Authors: McGinnis Jon
Published: May 2022

This study considers the notion of divine simplicity, the idea that God is not a composite of more basic features, and the criticisms by al-Ghazālī (d. 1111) and Alvin Plantinga of that doctrine. What is shown is that most of the argumentation against divine simplicity frequently credited to Plantinga had been nearly perfectly anticipated by al-Ghazālī. Moreover, in responding to a stronger form of divine simplicity, which Avicenna (d. 1037) had presented, than the Thomistic version that Plantinga attacks, Ghazālī develops ‘new’ arguments and moves that are still valuable and informative to the discussion of divine simplicity today.
Resilience as the policing of critique: A pragmatist way forward
Authors: Finkenbusch Peter
Published: May 2022

This article offers a critical review of the main conceptual readings of resilience as a prominent policy paradigm in international development, security, and disaster management. Focusing on neoliberal, biopolitical, cybernetic, and postliberal understandings, it probes the possibilities for engaging in a socially transformative critique of resilience. In particular, the article asks how the resilience discourse polices critique in a way that includes certain forms of knowledge, such as indigenous, local, and everyday knowledge, while excluding abstract theorising. What is considered authoritative knowledge in the resilience discourse? And what are the possibilities for opposing resilience if it ‘metabolizes critique into its internal dynamic’, as Jeremy Walker and Melinda Cooper famously argued? How does critique turn from a tool to undermine dominant knowledge-power regimes into a motor of governance? The article demonstrates that the more seriously we engage with the underlying ontology of resilience, the more difficult it becomes to formulate a critique that is not incorporated into governance. As a possible way forward, the article discusses Luc Boltanski's pragmatist sociology of critique.