bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Collards, 1996
Authors: Edelson J. V. , Peters M.
Published: December 2017

‘Champion’ cultivar collards were direct seeded to plots in Apr at the Wes Watkins AREC, Lane, OK. Seeds were planted in one row on raised beds on 36 inch centers with ≈ 3 inches between plants in rows. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates and 16 treatments. Individual plots were 2 rows wide and 20 ft long with 10 ft alleys between plots. Insecticide applications were made on 24 May, 3 and 7 Jun using a tractor mounted sprayer with 2 hollow cone nozzles (TXVS26) per bed applying 41 gpa solution at 42 psi. Insect populations were surveyed by examining 5 plants per plot on 17 Jun.
Insecticidal Control of European Corn Borer and Corn Earworm in Sweet Corn, 1996
Authors: Bartels D. W. , Hutchison W. D.
Published: December 2017

This test was conducted on the University of Minnesota Southern Experiment Station at Waseca, MN. Sweet corn was planted 1 Jul. Plots consisted of 4 rows, 25 ft (7.6 m) long on 30 inch (0.8 m) centers with 2 untreated border rows and 6-ft (1.83 m) alleys separating plots. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. A Hagie highboy sprayer, with two flat fan (8002VS) drop nozzles per row, was used to treat each plot. The nozzles directed spray over the oar zone of each row. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 35 gpa (327.4 liters/ha) at 36 psi (2.8 kg/cm2) and 2 mph (1.2 km/hr). Treatment applications began at first silk. Treatments were applied 13, 21 and 29 Aug. Plots were manually infested with about 25 neonate ECB larvae per primary ear-leaf on 22 Aug, 1 day after the second treatment application. Treatments were evaluated 9 Sep by randomly selecting 25 ears per plot (100 per treatment) and recording total number of larvae, larval size, location and feeding damage. In addition to the manual infestation, 14% of the plants were infested with 1 or more feral ECB egg masses at first silk.
Use of Labeled and Experimental Insecticides for Control of European Corn Borer and Corn Ears Worm on Sweet Corn, 1996
Authors: Wedberg John , Jensen Bryan
Published: December 2017

‘Jubilee’ sweet corn was planted at the Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI at 23,000 seeds per acre on 24 Jun. Each treatment was 6 rows wide and 60 ft long, arranged in a RCB design and replicated four times. The sprays were applied 21, 26 Aug and 3, 10 Sep. All treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with D2/23 TeeJet disc-core nozzles and delivered 10.3 gallons of finished spray per acre at 40 psi when driven at 2.5 MPH. Plots were evaluated 18 Sep by removing 25 ears per treatment and recording the number of damaged ears and of the larvae present in different developmental stages.
Evaluation of Adjuvants and Co-Applied Pesticides on Onion Thrips Control, 1996
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Schweissing Frank
Published: December 2017

The trial was conducted at the Arkansas Valley Research Center in Rocky Ford, CO, on seeded onions (cv. Mambo) planted in double-row beds at 36-in centers. Plots consisted of a single row, 20-ft in length, and were arranged in a RCB design with three replications. Treatments were applied 8 Jul using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 24 gpa at 35 psi. Evaluations were made 16 Jul by counting all thrips on ten plants in the center of each plot.
Evaluation of Soil Treatments on Control of Onion Thrips on Onions, 1996
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Sclar D. Casey , Gerace D. , Tupy A.
Published: December 2017

A trial was conducted at the Horticulture Field Research Center, Ft. Collins, CO, to evaluate the effects of soil treatments on control of onion thrips. Onions (cv. Vega) were transplanted 14 May by placing them in shallow furrows and covering. Prior to covering, Admire and Fipronil treatments were applied; Vydate applications were made 22 May as a drench that was subsequently irrigated. Individual plots were 15 row-ft, arranged in a randomized complete block with five replications. Plots were evaluated by counting thrips on ten plants/plot.
Control of Insects on Bell Pepper, 1996
Authors: Foster R. E. , Buhler W. G.
Published: December 2017

Transplants were planted 17 Jun at the O’Neal Memorial Farm, Lafayette, Indiana. Plots consisted of single rows, 30 ft. long, 8 ft apart, and were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer using hollow cone nozzle tips and delivering 16.3 gal water/acre at 30 psi. Sprays were applied 29 Jul, 5 Aug, and 12 Aug. On 9 Aug, all plants were inspected for tomato hornworm feeding damage. All marketable fruit were harvested on 19 Aug, cut open, and inspected for the presence of European corn borers.
Potato Insect Pest Control, 1996
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Dunlap Michael J.
Published: December 2017

‘Kennebec’ potatoes were planted 31 May at the Fry Farm, OARDC, Wooster, OH. Plant spacing was 38 inches between rows and 9 to 10 inches between plants. Fertilizer was applied at planting (1750 lb/acre 10-20-20). The Admire 2F (in-furrow) treatment was applied at planting using a CO2compression sprayer at 20 psi with an 8004 flat fan nozzle delivering the insecticide into the seed furrow and on top of the tubers. The field was treated for weed control on 20 Jun with 0.67 lb/acre of Sencor DF. Fungicide, 1.5 lb/acre Penncozeb DF, was applied 11, 24, 29 Jul, 5, 13, 21 Aug, and 6 Sep. Paraquat, 1 qt/acre, was applied 20 Sep as a vine killer. Plots were two rows wide and 40 ft in length, with 9 ft alleys separating plots and 4 ft alleys separating blocks. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design. Foliar treatments were initiated when the first generation larvae were increasing in the plots. Foliar applications of Provado were made 28 Jun and 2 Aug only. All other foliar treatments were applied 28 fun, 12 Jul, 2 and 16 Aug. Cygon 4 E, 1 pt/acre, was added to designated treatments of Fipronil 1.67 SC 12 Jul and 2 Aug to suppress PLH populations. All treatments were sprayed with Cygon 4 E, 1 pt/acre in combination with the 13 Aug fungicide application. Foliar treatments were applied with a tractor mounted drop nozzle boom sprayer delivering 50 gpa at 50 psi with three D-4 hollow cone nozzles/row. Number of eggs, small (instar 1-2), large (instar 3-4) larvae, and adults were counted and percent defoliation was visually estimated in five lm lengths of row per plot weekly. Leafhopper nymphs and aphids were sampled by visually inspecting 25 compound leaves per plot on each sampling date. Potatoes were harvested 11 Oct and graded 15 Oct.
Colorado Potato Beetle and Green Peach Aphid Control with Soil Applied Insecticides and Foliar Sprays, 1996
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A.
Published: December 2017

Experimental plots were established on the UI Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, Idaho. Potatoes were planted on 25 Apr and irrigated by solid set sprinkler. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam. Eight treatments and one untreated check plot were replicated four times in a RCB design. Individual plots were 4 rows (36 inch row spacing) wide by 25 ft long with 5 ft alleyways separating the plots. Green peach aphids were mass reared on greenhouse sweet pepper plants (‘California Wonder’) for release into individual plots. Aphid releases were made into test plots on 27 Jun and again on 8 Jul. A total of four heavily infested plants were released per plot. On a weekly basis, adults, large larvae (3-4 instar), small larvae (1 -2 instar), and egg masses of CPB were counted and percent defoliation assessed from whole plant inspections of the center 5 hills of the middle 2 plot rows. GPA counts were made on 20 leaves chosen at random from the top, middle and bottom sections of plants in the center two rows of each plot. Admire treatments were applied at plant in-furrow over the seed piece on 25 Apr. Temik and Thimet were applied in-furrow with the seed piece also at planting. Furadan was applied in a six-inch banded S over the plants at 4-inch rosette stage of plant growth on 4 Jun using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer. All foliar treatments were broadcast on 29 Jun using the backpack CO2 sprayer at a rate of 20 gpa (30 psi, with 4, 10X hollow cone nozzles). On 11 Jul, a second foliar application of Metasystox-R + Asana, Monitor and Alert was made. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Newman-Keuls multiple means comparison.
Control of Yellowmargined Leaf Beetle on Turnip, 1995
Authors: Story R. , Ameen A. O. , Murray M. J. , Can F. , Ring D.
Published: December 2017

Insecticide treatments were applied at labeled rates on 11 May and 18 May at the Burden Research Plantation, Baton Rouge, LA, 1995 on turnip. A CO2 powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 40 gallons per acre at 30 psi through a spray boom with three nozzles was used. Experimental plots consisted of single rows (30 ft long, 4 ft wide) arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insect counts were made with beat sheets (3 X 2) on 10 and 17 May (pre-treatment counts) and 12 and 19 May (post-treatment counts). Three samples were taken from each plot and the number of insects present of each species was recorded.
Control of Silverleaf Whitefly (Swf) on Tomato Using Sanmite Applied with Hydraulic and Airboom Sprayers, 1996
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Conner J. M.
Published: December 2017

Tomato seedlings “Agriset” from a commercial plant house were transplanted on 7 Mar 96, 18 in between plants, into raised beds 32 in wide and 250 ft long on 6-ft centers. They were covered with black polyethylene film mulch. A dry bottom mix of 50 lbs N, 160 lbs P and 80 lbs K per acre was placed at the bottom of the beds and an additional 3.25 lbs per acre N and K was fertigated 3 times a week by drip irrigation. The plants were sprayed weekly with an alternating combination of Maneb 80 WP at 1.5 lb/acre plus Kocide 101 at 2 lb/acre and Bravo 720 at 2 pt/acre for disease control. Dipel was added to the disease control sprays when needed at a rate of 1 lb product/acre. Each of the 4 beds was used as a replication divided into 5 plots separated by 2-ft buffers, with each 48-ft plot randomly assigned to 5 treatments. Applications were initiated 16 May when whitefly population was established and continued weekly for 3 weeks. Spray was delivered using two different types of spray equipment: a high clearance sprayer utilizing an hydraulic pump operating at 200 psi, delivering spray through 6 Yellow Albuz hollow cone nozzles, 3 per drop boom at a volume of 69 gpa at 2.5 mph, and a Berthoud airboom sprayer delivering spray material at 50 psi through 6 Brown Albuz nozzles, atomized by an airblast 172 mph and dispensing at a volume of 35 gpa. Spray coverage was evaluated on 8 May by using water sensitive papers and spectophotmetric analysis of FD&C#1 blue dye deposited on paper targets. Plants were evaluated weekly for the presence of whitefly adults, eggs, nymphs, pupa and parasitized pupae on a trifoliate from the 6th node of 8 randomly selected plants per plot. Counts were made using stereoscopic microscope by placing a 1 cm sq template twice on each side of the midvein of each leaflet (4 cm2/leaflet = 12 cm2/trifoliate = 96 cm2 per plot). Adult whitefiies were evaluated by striking plants 5 times with a 9.5" X 13" pie pan painted black and covered with a 9:1 oil/detergent mixture (N = 6/plots). Fruit was not harvested for evaluation because a heavy infestation of pin worm and high incidence of disease on many of the plots would have rendered the data of little value.
Control of Tomato Pinworm (Tpw) with Abamectin in Staked Tomato, 1996
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Conner J. M.
Published: December 2017

Tomato seedings “Agriset” from a commercial plant house were transplanted on 7 Mar 96, 18 in. between plants, into raised beds 32 in. wide on 6-ft centers covered with black polyethylene film mulch. A dry bottom mix of 50 lbs N, 160 lbs P and 80 lbs K per acre had been placed at the bottom of the beds and an additional 3.25 lbs per acre N and K were fertigated 3 times a week by drip irrigation. The plants were sprayed weekly with an alternating combination of Maneb 80 WP at 1.5 lb/acre plus Kocide 101 at 2 lb/acre and Bravo 720 at 2 pt/acre for disease control. Dipel was added to the disease control sprays when needed at a rate of 1 lb product/acre. Two wing-type traps from AgriSense containing TPW pheromones were set out on 23 Apr. 15 feet to the east and west of the trial area to monitor moth activity. Mean number of moths captured rose from 1.4 per night on 26 Apr to a peak of 33.6 on 10 May, later declining to 8.0 on 20 May. Plots, 30 ft long and 2 rows, wide were assigned one of 3 treatments in a CRB design with 4 replications. All treatments were sprayed weekly from 1 May to 15 May for three applications at 69 gpa using a high clearance sprayer with 2 booms of 3 Yellow Albuz hollow cone nozzles each for a total of 6 per row and operating pressure of 200 psi. Plants (10 per row or 20 total) were evaluated before treatment on 30 Apr and again on 6 and 13 May by counting live and dead miners. Damage for the entire plant was assessed on a rating scale of 1-6: “1” = no apparent damage; “2” = 0-1% of leaflets damaged; “3” = 2-5% damaged; “4” = 6-10% damaged; “5” = 11-30% damaged; and “6” = >30% damaged. Fruit was harvested 21 May from 20 plants per plot and the marketable fruit graded on a commercial table with weights and numbers recorded. Unmarketable fruit was separated into categories of TPW damage, other insect damage and damage due to disease.
Control of Western Corn Rootworm Larvae, 1996
Authors: Seymour R. C. , Campbell J. B. , Wright R. J.
Published: December 2017

Insecticides were evaluated for rootworm larval suppression in two fields composed of Cozad silt loam soils. ‘DeKalb 580’ hybrid corn was ridge-planted in Field 1 on 1 May. At the time of planting, soil moisture was adequate for germination. Soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm was about 13°C. Four replicates of each treatment were applied at planting 5 X 40 ft plots in a RCB design. In Field 2, granular and liquid insecticides were applied to untreated strips immediately prior to cultivation on 13 Jun. The ‘Mycogen 6220’ hybrid plants were in the early whorl stage (V3 stage) of development at the time of application. Rootworm eggs began hatching about 6 Jun. The treatments were replicated four times in 10 X 35 ft plots arranged in a RCB design. The granular treatments were applied in a band over the whorl of the plants. Furadan 4F was broadcast over the top of the plants in a total volume of 25 gpa at 30 psi. Treatments in both fields were evaluated 12 Jul by rating washed roots of four plants from each replicate, using the 1 -6 Iowa State root damage rating scale.
Evaluation of Thrips Densities in At-Planting Seed and Soil Treatments on a Commerce Silt Loam Soil, 1996
Authors: Cook D. R. , Burris E. , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B.
Published: December 2017

Plots were replicated four times in a RCB design and were four rows wide (40 inch spacing) X45 ft. Stoneville 474 cotton seed of the same seed lot was planted on a Commerce silt loam soil on 7 May. The seeding rate was 4 seed/row ft. Cotton seed was planted with a John Deere 7100 series planter which was equipped with 10 inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with 8 inch belt cone applicators mounted to replace the standard granular applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2 charged spray system through 25015 nozzles (1/row) mounted in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and calibrated to deliver gpa finished spray. Control of thrips was assessed by randomly selecting 5 plants per plot on 20, 24, 28, and 31 May and 5 and 9 Jun. Plant samples were processed by using whole plant washing procedures to remove insects. Major past and/or secondary pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug. Percentage of open bolls was determined by counting all open and unopened bolls within a 3.0m section of a center row on 16 Sep. Plots were harvested on 23 Sep and 8 Oct. These data were subjected to appropriate calculations to determine percent first harvest. All four rows were mechanically harvested using a John Deere spindle type picker. Yields were converted to lbs seed cotton/acre.
Evaluation of Thrips Densities in At-Planting Seed and Soil Treatments on Gigger Silt Loam, 1996
Authors: Cook D. R. , Burris E. , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B.
Published: December 2017

Plots were replicated four times in a RCB design and were four rows wide (40 inch spacing) X45 ft. Stoneville 474 cotton seed of the same seed lot was planted on a Gigger silt loam soil on 7 May. The seeding rate was 4 seed/row ft. Cotton seed was planted with a John Deere 7300 series planter which was equipped with 10 inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with standard granular applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2 charged spray system through 25015 nozzles (1/row) mounted in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and calibrated to deliver 5 gpa finished spray. Control of thrips was assessed by randomly selecting 5 plants per plot on 20, 24, 28, and 31 May and 5 and 9 Jun. Plant samples were processed by using whole plant washing procedures to remove insects. Major pest and/or secondary pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug. Percentage of open bolls was determined by counting all open and unopened bolls within a 3.0 m section of a center row on 18 Sep. Plots were harvested on 26 Sep and 10 Oct. These data were subjected to appropriate calculations to determine percent first harvest. The center two rows were mechanically harvested using a John Deere spindle type picker. Yields were converted to lbs seed cotton/acre.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticide Combinations Against Bollworm/ Tobacco Budworm (Bw/Tbw), 1996
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Graves J. B. , Adamczyk J.
Published: December 2017

The efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated against BW/TBW at the Macon Ridge (LA) location of the Northeast Research Station. Cotton seed was planted 4 Jun in plots consisting of 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gpa through Teejet TX-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 42 psi. Insecticides were applied on 7, 9, 12, 14, 19 and 28 Aug. Treatments were evaluated by examining 50 flower buds (squares) per plot on 9, 12, 14, 19, and 23 Aug for evidence of BW/TBW damage and squares infested with larvae. The plots were mechanically harvested on 14 Oct to determine seedcotton yields. The test area was irrigated by an overhead sprinkler “as needed” during the season, but not within 48 h of treatment applications. Rainfall did not influence the efficacy of these treatments. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticide Mixtures for Bollworm/Tobacco Budworm Control, 1996
Authors: Micinski S. , Scarborough R. G. , Forrester F. D. , Graves J. B.
Published: December 2017

Thirteen treatments (insecticides and mixtures) were evaluated at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA, to determine their efficacy in controlling the BW/TBW complex on cotton. Plots were planted 3 May and were 4 rows X 100 ft on 40-inch centers. All plots had Temik 15G (0.5 lb [AI]/acre) applied m-furrow at planting. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Prior to trial initiation, plots were oversprayed for boll weevils on 4 Jun and 12 Jul (Vydate C-LV at 0.25 lb [AI]/acre); for BW/TBW on 14 Jun (Orthene 90SP at 1.0 lb [AI]/acre), 29 Jun and 18 Jul (Baythroid 2EC at 0.03 and 0.033 lb [AI]/acre, respectively); and for aphids on 29 Jun and 9 Jul with Lorsban 4EC at 0.5 lb [AI]/acre and Provado 1.6F at 0.047 lb [AI]/acre, respectively. Insecticide treatments were applied in 5.9 gpa at 60 psi with TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 20 inches apart (2 nozzles/row). Treatment were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Insecticide treatments were applied on 23, 30 Jul and 6 Aug. During and after the trial, all plots were oversprayed for boll weevils with methyl parathion 4EC at 0.33 lb [AI]/acre on 2, 19, 21, 30 Aug and 6 Sep and for BW/TBW on 21 Aug with Baythroid at 0.033 lb [AI]/acre. Infestations of larvae and square damage were monitored on 26 Jul, 1 and 8 Aug by examining 25 squares/plot. Yields were determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot on 30 Oct.
Control of Plant Bugs on Cotton, 1995
Authors: Studebaker Glenn
Published: December 2017

The efficacy of selected insecticides against plant bug species in Northeast, AR was evaluated. Test plots consisted of four, 38-inch rows 50 ft long. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Plots were over-sprayed with oxamyl at 0.25 lbs (AI)/acre on 20 Jun and with cyhalothrin oat 0.025 lbs (AI)/acre on 19 Jul and 10 Aug. Treatments were applied on 16 Aug with a hand-held boom calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through two TX-4 hollow-cone nozzles per row at 40 psi. Treatments were evaluated 2 DAT with a 15" diameter sweep net, counting the number of plant bugs per 10 sweeps in each plot.
Apple, Comparison of Insecticides Against Oblr, 1996
Authors: Reissig H. , Dunham D. H. , Smith C.
Published: December 2017

Treatments were applied with a truck-mounted airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gallons of water/acre to 0.25 acre plots of apple trees in 2 orchards: (1) ‘Idared’ trees (Brown orchard), which were about 15 years old, 12 ft high, and planted 19 by 27 ft apart and ‘Delicious’ trees (Nesbitt orchard), which were about 8 ft high and planted 11 X 18 ft apart. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design and replicated twice in each orchard.
Effects of Selected Seed, Foliar and In-Furrow Applied Insecticides and Planting Date on Thrips Injury, Plant Stand and Yield, 1996
Authors: Herbert D. A.
Published: December 2017

Selected insecticides applied to peanut planted on 3 dates were evaluated against TT injury and for effects on plant stand and yield of Virginia-type peanut. ‘VA-C 92R’ peanut was planted 25 Apr, 10 May and 20 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA using 36-inch row spacing. Granular insecticides were applied into the seed furrow (IF) at planting with tractor-mounted jars calibrated to deliver exact amounts through lid holes via gravity; liquids with a CO2 pressurized tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 5 gpa at 24 psi through one SS8001E flat fan nozzle per row mounted just above planter disks and turned parallel to the row direction. Foliar sprays were applied in a 12-to 14-inch band over the row with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 17 gpa at 22 psi through one 8003E nozzle per row. Seed treatments were prepared just before planting by gently mixing measured amounts of product and seed in the planter box (PB). A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 30 ft. Treatments were evaluated by determining plant injury based on a 0 to 10 scale where, 0 = no thrips induced plant injury, 1 = 10% injured leaves, 2 = 20% injured leaves, 3 = 30% injured leaves, 4 = 40% injured leaves, 5 = ≥50% injured leaves + ≤5% terminal buds injured, 6 = ≥50% injured leaves + 25% terminal buds injured, 7 = ≥50% injured leaves + 50% terminal buds injured, 8 = ≥50% injured leaves + 75% terminal buds injured, 9 = ≥50% injured leaves + ≥90% terminal buds injured, and 10 = dead plants. Plant stand was determined by counting all seedlings in the 2 center rows of each plot (plant date 1-20 May, plant date 2-26 May, plant date 3-3 Jun). Yield was determined by digging, drying and combining peanuts from the 2 center rows of each plot. Data were analyzed within each planting date using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Evaluation of Selected Hopper Box and Insecticide Treatments for Control of the Red Imported Fire Ant (RIFA) in Grain Sorghum, 1996
Authors: Castro B. A. , Riley T. J. , Leonard B. R.
Published: December 2017

Selected insecticide treatments were evaluated for management of the RIFA in grain sorghum at the Macon Ridge Location of the Northeast Research Station in Franklin Parish, LA. Grain sorghum was planted no-till with a John Deere 7300 planter into a bermuda grass sod containing a high density of RIFA mounds. The test was planted on 11 Jun in a RCB design with 4-row plots (13.33 ft X 15 ft) and 4 replications. Lorsban 4EC, Admire 2F and Furadan 4F were applied as in-furrow sprays at planting (IFSAP) with a CO2 charged system, calibrated to deliver 5 gpa at 25 psi through 8002E flat fan nozzles (1/row). Lorsban 4EC was also applied as pre-emergence surface spray (PRE) immediately post-plant with a CO2-charged system, calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 35 psi through 8001 flat fan nozzles (1/row) in a band 20 inches wide over the row center. Other treatments were applied either as in-furrow granules at planting (IFGAP), T-banded granules at planting (T-BAND) or seed treatments (SEED T). RIFA densities were estimated on 9 Jul by placing an unruled index card (3 X 5 inches) baited with peanut butter in each plot and recording the number of ants attracted after 30 minutes. Plant population densities were recorded on 9 Jul by sampling the entire 2 center rows. Plant heights were estimated on 9 Jul by measuring 20 plants in each plot. Intra-row skips between plants were recorded on 9 Jul by counting the number of skips > 12 inches in the 2 center rows.
Sugarbeet Root Maggot Control, 1996
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A.
Published: December 2017

Experimental plots were established approximately 10 miles east of Hazelton, ID. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam and the plots were sprinkler irrigated. Eleven treatments and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Individual plots were six rows (22 inch row spacing) by 30 ft. Alleys were cut between plots prior to harvest to give 25 ft of row per plot. On 29 Apr all plots were planted at which time, band applications of Temik and Counter were made. Temik, Counter 15G and Counter CR were applied as a 4inch band over the row and chain incorporated. On 31 May, post-emergence applications of Furadan and Lorsban were made. Furadan and Lorsban were applied as a 3 inch-4 inch banded S (early fly emergence) using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer (20 gpa at 30 psi). On 7 Jun, post-emergence applications of Temik. Thimet, Counter 15G and Counter CR were made (peak fly emergence) in a band as previously described. On 25 Jul, after most larval feeding had ended. 5 adjacent beets were dug from the middle of rows 2 and 5 to give 10 beets per plot for rating root maggot damage. The beets were washed and rated for damage using the following scales; 5-Point scale: 0 = no scars; 1 = 1-4 small scars of pinhead size; 2 = 5-10 small scars to 3 large scars; 3 = more than 3 large scars; 4 = one-half to three-quarters of root area blackened by scars; 5 = more than three-quarters of root area damaged, dying beet: 7-Point Scale: 0 = no damage; 1 = 1-4 small scars of pinhead size; 2 = 5-10 small scars, or up to 3 larger scars; 3 = more than 3 large scars; 4 = 4 large scars to one-quarter root surface covered with scars; 5 = one-quarter to one-half root surface covered with scars; 6 = one-half to three-quarter root area blackened by scars; 7 = more than three-quarter root surface blackened, dying beet. On 14 Sep, sugar beets in rows 3 and 4 (middle two rows) in all treatment plots were machine lifted, hand topped and untared weights were taken for yield estimates. All data were analyzed using ANOVA and Newman-Keuls.
Wheat Curl Mite Control on Winter Wheat, 1996
Authors: Blodgett Sue L. , Denke P.M. , Waters Deb , Carroll Matt , Carlson Gregg
Published: December 2017

Wheat was seeded 14 Jun, at Northern Agriculture Research Center, Havre, MT. Plots measured 16 ft long and 2 rows wide (1-ft row spacing) and were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticide applications were made using a backpack, CO2-powered sprayer equipped with TeeJet XR8002VS nozzles, calibrated to deliver 8.2 gpa at 30 psi. Six of the most recently, fully expanded leaves per plot were selected for sampling. Number WCM per leaf and percent infested plants were determined by visual inspection with the aid of a dissecting microscope. Data were analyzed using GLM and means were separated using LSMEANS.
Surface Application of Deltamethrin for Control of Mole Cricket Nymphs, 1996
Authors: Hertl P. T. , Brandenburg R. L.
Published: December 2017

Rates of three insecticide formulations were evaluated for the control of mole cricket nymphs at the Fox Squirrel County Club in Brunswick Co. Plots 20 ft X 20 ft were established on a bermudagrass fairway showing a moderate level of mole cricket activity. Pretreatment sampling indicated the population was approximately 78% S. borelli and 22% S. vicinus. Treatments were randomly assigned to the plots and each treatment was replicated four times. All insecticides were applied 17 Jul. Spray formulations were applied using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre. Granular formulations were applied using a hand-held Republic EZ Handspreader®. The soil was moist from recent rains at the time of application and 4 inch soil temperature was 86°F. Soil at the test site was classified as a Kureb fine sand with a pH of 6.1 and 0.41 % humic matter. Fairway irrigation was used to apply 0.25 inch of water to the entire test after application. Plots were evaluated on 31 Jul, 14 DAT, 14 and 29 Aug (28 and 43 DAT, respectively), and 19 Sep (64 DAT) by making five random grid rat-ings (Mack and Cobb 1989) per replicate. The five grid ratings per replicate were averaged and actual means are presented in the table. All data were trans-formed X = 0.5 prior to ANOVA and Tukey’s Studentized Range Test.
Control of Ant Mounds on a Golf Course Fairway, 1996
Authors: Power K. T. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. G. , Shetlar D. J.
Published: December 2017

The study was conducted on an irrigated fairway at Crockett’s Green Hills Golf Course, Clyde, Ohio. Insecticides were applied 2 May to plots 10 X 10 ft arranged in a RCB design replicated four times. Two of the treatments were split applications in which the second applications were made 20 May. The liquid treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer and Tee-jet™ XR8006VS nozzles at 25 psi pressure that delivered a volume of 1 gal/1000 ft2. There was no immediate post-treatment irrigation. The area did receive supplemental irrigation sufficient to maintain turf quality. Environmental conditions at the time of treatments on 2 May were as follows: ants-extensive mound building activity observed, approximately 5/yd2; turf—3° slope, dry, 1 inch ht, 50% Kentucky bluegrass, 50% perennial ryegrass, no thatch; soil—moist, 48°F at 1 inch and 47°F at 3 inch; weather—sunny, 54°F, 0-7 mph. Environmental conditions at the time of re-applications on 20 Ma) were as follows: ants — actively building mounds, approximately 3/yd2; turf—3° slope, dry, 1 inch ht, 50% Kentucky bluegrass, 50% perennial ryegrass no thatch; soil — moist, 68°F at 1 inch and 65°F at 3 inch; weather—sunny, 76°F, 0-10mph. Evaluations were done on 20 May, 30 May, 13 Jun, 22 Jul and 26 Aug (18, 28, 42, 81, 116 DAT, respectively) by counting the number of active mounds in two 1-yd2 areas in each plot. Analysis of Variance was done on plot totals and means separated by LSD test (P = 0.5).
Application Timing of Insecticides for Control of Annual White Grubs on a Golf Course Rough, 1996
Authors: Weinhold A.P. , Baxendale F.P. , Weinhold K.A.
Published: December 2017

This study was conducted in Lincoln, NE on a golf course rough. The turf (50% Kentucky bluegrass and 50% perennial rye) was maintained at a mowing height of 2.0 inches. Thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 0.75 inches. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silty cla> loam; soil organic matter, 3.5%; soil pH, 6.5; water pH, 7.0. Environmental conditions at the time of application on 18 Jun, 09 Jul, and 06 Aug were, respectively, as follows: soil moisture 20%, 19%, and 20% by wt; air temperature 81°F, 74°F, and 87°F; soil temperature 72°F, 74°F, and 77°F; relative humidity 63%, 39%, and 66%; wind direction and velocity 155° at 3 mph., 22° at 6 mph, 204° at 12 mph. Plots were 6 X 10 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 3 replications. Liquid insecticides were applied using a CO2 sprayer with a TeeJet® 8002 nozzle at 30 psi and delivering 2 gal/1000 ft2 Following applications, plots were irrigated with 0.35 inch water. Post-treatment precipitation totaled 13.71 inches. Treatments were evaluated 77 days after the first application on 3 Sep by removing from each plot three, 8-inch diam turf-soil cores (1.05 ft2 total area) to a depth of 3 inches and counting the number of surviving grubs
Observations on Spider Mite Damage Caused by Flareback from the Use of Systemic Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Gerace Dan , Sclar Casey , Cranshaw Whitney S.
Published: December 2017

Plots were established on 22 May 1996 at the W.D. Holley Plant Environmental Research Center located on the campus of Colorado State University, Ft Collins, CO. Individual experimental units consisted of 5 plants placed in short rows. Plot design was a CRD with 6 replications. Plots were treated oi separate dates for each treatment: 3 Jun for Marathon, 11 Jun for Disyston and 6 Jul for Admire. Soil drench plots were treated with approximately 0.34 L of total solution per plot. All treatments were watered immediately after application. Plots received irrigation in the form of overhead watering for ap proximately two months after initial treatments were applied. After this time, plots were watered throughout the remainder of the experiment by hand wa tering the plants from underneath. Plots were sampled on three different dates in September for the presence of spider mite damage. A visual estimate of the percentage of leaves per plot killed due to spider mite damage was recorded on each date. Symptoms of the phytoplasma disease aster yellows were also present at a low rate in the experimental plots, but did not confound the visual damage estimates. The plots were also sampled for the number of spi der mites present per plot on two different dates in September, 1996. Five leaves from each plot were bagged and returned to the laboratory for further pro cessing. At the laboratory, the leaves collected from each plot were passed through a mite-brushing machine and mites were collected in a 20mm X lOOmn petri dish. The petri dishes were freshly treated with hairspray to affix collected mites. The petri dishes were then frozen until required for counting mites at 40 X normal magnification under a dissecting scope with a gridded paper template underneath the dish.
Control of Honeylocust Pod Gall Midge with Foliar-Applied Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Gerace Dan , Tupy Andrea , Sclar Casey
Published: December 2017

The experiment was conducted m a commercial nursery located in Milliken, Colorado. Trees used in the experiment were approximately 20 ft tall (2 inch dbh). At the time of applicaion, the trees had damage caused by lst-3rd generation pod gall midge and oviposition by 3rd generation adults was in progress. Treatments were applied on 13 Jun with a hand-held compressed air sprayer to the point of run-off. The experiment was arranged as a CRD with 7 replicates in untreated check and i replicates in all other treatments. Evaluation was done on 25 Jun by visual assessment of completely as well as partially galled new (< 2 week old) growths on the trees. Four different points per tree were sampled and the results averaged to obtain percent galled leaflets per leaf.
Dryzon™ Wettable Powder Pour-On for Control of Sheep Ked, 1996
Authors: Lloyd J. E. , Kumar R.
Published: December 2017

Experimental sheep were ewes and lambs of mixed breeds, both black and white faces, naturally infested with sheep ked. Pre-treatment ked density was determined by whole body counts of adult keds on 5 ewes and 5 lambs in each flock. Prior to treatment, all animals were weighed and fleece length was recorded on the 10 count animals. Treatment groups were housed separately. Two groups received the diazinon treatment; a third group served as the untreated control. Pre-treatment ked density on the two treated gruops was determined on 27 Jun, before treatment. Post-treatment ked counts were taken thereafter at 14, 28, and 42 DAT. Diazinon pour-on was mixed at the rate of 1 lb/6 gal water. Ten oz of dish detergent was added as a wetting agent. Each ewe received 2 oz and each lamb received 1 oz applied uniformly as a pour-on from head to rump. The insecticide suspension was continually stirred during the application process. Weather remained dry during and several days following the treatment.
Efficacy Tests of FMC 5268 on L. Trifolii Adult Leafminers
Authors: Kund G.S. , Trumble J.T.
Published: December 2017

Efficacy tests were performed on adult leafminers reared on lima bean plants at the University of California, Riverside, in the laboratory. The leafminer colony was started from field collected samples in Orange County, CA.
Sevin Evaluation, 1996
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim
Published: December 2017

This experiment was conducted in a 0.8 acre block of 16-yr-old trees on MM 106 rootstock. Trees measured 13.5 ft. in height and 14.5 ft. in width and were planted at a spacing of 18 X 24 ft. The experimental design consisted of a single plot of 5 rows X 5 trees/row for each of 2 spray treatments and a single 10 row X 3 trees/row untreated plot. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the trees with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.3 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gpa. Dates of application were 7 May [petal fall (PF)], 22 May [first cover (IC)], 11 Jun [second cover (2C)], 26 Jun [third cover (3C)], 11 Jul [fourth cover (4C)], 25 Jul [fifth cover (5C)], 7 Aug [sixth cover (6C)], 21 Aug [seventh cover (7C)], and 5 Sep [eighth cover (8C)]. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Agri-Mycin, COCS, Dithane, Nova, Penncozeb, and Ziram. Treatment effect was determined by counting arthropod pests and injury on the periphery of 4 single-tree ‘Delicious’ replications in the center rows of each plot periodically during the season. Control of WALH was determined by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leaves per tree. PLH was determined by counting injured terminals during a 5 minute period per tree. Effect of treatments against ERM was determined by sampling 25 leaves/tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope. Control of OFM was determined by counting injured terminals per tree. STLM control was evaluated by counting all tissue-feeding mines during a 5-minute period per tree.
Spanworm Control, 1996B
Authors: Collins J. A. , Drummond F. A.
Published: December 2017

Materials were applied on 27 May to 20 by 20 ft plots in a bearing blueberry field at Jonesboro, Maine. There were 3 replications of each treatment and a minimum 5-ft untreated buffer strip around each plot. Treatments were blocked according to prespray population levels. Insecticides were applied at a rate of 25 gpa using a CO2-propelled 80-inch boom sprayer with 4, flat spray, 80002VS TeeJet nozzles operating at 30 psi. At treatment, larvae were second to fifth instar and plants were ca. 15% tight cluster, 80% loose cluster, and 5% bloom. On sample dates in-dicated in table, 10 sweeps with a standard 12-inch sweep-net were taken systematically through the center area of each plot avoiding plot boundaries. The larvae were counted and then distributed back into the same plot. High winds on 26 May made sweep-net sampling difficult and may have confounded the results for that date.
Fireworm Control, 1996
Authors: Collins J. A. , Drummond F. A.
Published: December 2017

Materials were applied on 19 Aug to 13 by 13 ft plots in a pruned blueberry field at Township 19, Maine. There were 3 replications of each treatment and a minimum 5-ft untreated buffer strip around each plot. Treatments were blocked according to prespray population levels. Insecticides were applied at a rate of 25 gpa using a CO2-propelled 80-inch boom sprayer with 4, flat spray, 80002VS TeeJet nozzles operating at 35 psi. At treatment, larvae were early (green) instar and plants were at late tip die-back, early fruit bud set stage. On 16 Aug, all blueberry stems with webbed-together leaves were counted in each of 4 ft2 frames per plot. On all other dates, any stems with webbed-together leaves in the same 4 ft2 frames were cut and examined for: 1) presence of live fireworm larvae, or 2) dead or missing larvae. Live larvae were distributed back into the same frame area. No unusual weather conditions were noted during this test.
Grape, Season Long Broad Spectrum Insect Control, 1996
Authors: Wise John C.
Published: December 2017

Insecticides were applied to mature (16 year old) cv. ‘Concord’ grape vines at the Trevor Nichols Research Complex near Fennville, MI at a rate of 50 GPA using a FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single 50 ft long rows of vines replicated four times. Applications of materials were made on 28 Jun (Bloom, 725 Degree Days base 50 for GLH), 10 Jul (3C), 22 Jul (4C), 7 Aug (5C), 21 Aug (6C), 3 Sep (7C), and 16 Sep (8C). Grape leafhopper evaluations were made on 19 Jul and 15 Aug by randomly selecting 50 leaves per replicate, or 200 leaves per treatment, and examining them for presence of GLH nymphs. Harvest fruit evaluations were made on 30 Sep by randomly selecting 25 grape clusters per replicate, or 200 per treatment, and counting the number of clusters with damage from GBM larvae.
Yellow Spider Mite Control, 1996
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Chamberlain J. D. , Murray T. A.
Published: December 2017

Six acaricide treatments were evaluated for control of a summer population of YSM in Mt. Vernon, WA on a 6-yr-old ‘Tulameen’ planting. Treatments were replicated 4 times on 9 X 30 ft plots arranged in a RCB design. Sprays were applied on 15 Aug with a tractor-mounted (PTO) plot sprayer equipped with 6, 5 gal capacity stainless steel tanks individually valved to an over-the-row boom. The boom was equipped with 13 D4-45 TeeJet nozzles operating at 200 psi to deliver 150 gpa at 2.5 mph. Female counts were periodically made by randomly collecting 20 terminal leaflets from both sides of the row and brushing them onto glass plates with a mite-brushing machine.
Yellow Spider Mite Control on Red Raspberry, 1996
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Chamberlain J. D. , Murray T. A.
Published: December 2017

Six acaricide treatments were evaluated for control of a summer population of YSM in Mt. Vernon, WA on a 6-yr-old ‘Meeker’ planting. Treatments were replicated 4 times on 9 X 30 ft plots arranged in a RCB design. Sprays were applied on 15 Aug with a tractor-mounted (PTO) plot sprayer equipped with 6, 5 gal capacity stainless steel tanks individually valved to an over-the-row boom. The boom was equipped with 13 D4-45 TeeJet nozzles operating at 200 psi to deliver 150 gpa at 2.5 mph. Female counts were periodically made by randomly collecting 20 terminal leaflets from both sides of the row and brushing them onto glass plates with a mite-brushing machine and counting mites.
Insecticidal Control of Fall Armyworm, Corn Earworm, and Corn Silkfly on Sweetcorn, 1997
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Conner J. M.
Published: December 2017

Six raised beds, 32 inches wide and 240 ft long on 6 ft centers, were prepared in a semiclosed subirrigated field: They were fumigated with 67/33% methyl bro-mide/chloropicrin at 220 lbs/acre, fertilized with a bottom mix of 700 lb/acre 5-16-8 and 250 lb/acre at 19-0-19 lb/acre top mix laid in 2 bands 4 inches in from the edge on each side of the bed and covered with black polyethylene mulch. An additional 40 lb of N/acre of 6-2-6 was injected on 16 May. Beds were divided into two, 3-row sets separated by a 15-ft roadway. The center row of each 3-row set was planted on 10 Mar to provide pest inoculum. The remaining 4 rows were each divided into 5 single row plots in a RCB design with 4 replications and planted 23 Apr by hand at 10 inch spacing. Five weekly applications were initiated 20 May using a high clearance sprayer equipped with 2 overhead nozzles fitted with ceramic Albuz “yellow” hollow cone noz-zles per row with delivery pressure of 200 psi at a rate of 22 gpa. A pre-treatment sample of 100 plants per block and 60 ears per inoculum row on 16 May showed that 24% plants were damaged (primarily by FAW) and 85% ears had CEW and 33% FAW. Foliar damage was evaluated weekly for 3 weeks on 20 randomly selected plants per plot after the initiation of the treatments. Damage was assessed as a percentage of the total loss from the top three leaves in the whorl. The number and size (in 3 categories) of larvae in each whorl was noted. Ears were harvested on 20 and 26 Jun from the same 20 plants in the center of each plot. Ears were evaluated for marketability noting total weight of ears in each category. Nonmarketable ears were further examined and any larvae present identified to species.
Control of Onion Thrips with Planting Time Soil Drench Treatments, 1997
Authors: Kramer-Wilson Karen , Cranshaw Whitney
Published: December 2017

Trials were conducted at the Colorado State Horticulture Field Research Center north of Ft. Collins, CO. Onions were transplanted 23 Apr to single rows and, before covering, were treated with water drenches of in-furrow insecticides (equivalent rate of 180 gallons of water/acre). Individual plots were 12-ft long, arranged in a RCB design with 5 replications. Evaluations were made by counting all thrips on 10 plants in the center of each plot.
Onion Thrips Control, Foliar Trial 2,1997
Authors: Kramer-Wilson Karen , Cranshaw Whitney
Published: December 2017

Trials were conducted at the Horticulture Field Research Farm north of Ft. Collins, CO on ‘Vega’ transplant onions. Trials involved small plots, 14-ft long beds, arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Only a single application was made 3 Jul, using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 15 gpa as a single pass over the top of the plants. Evaluations were made by examining 10 plants in the center of each plot and counting all thrips found in the neck area.
Control of Armyworm and Pepper Weevil on Bell Pepper, Fall 1996
Authors: Schuster David J.
Published: December 2017

Transplants were set 6 Sep, 12 inches apart on 8-inch-high and 32-inch-wide beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single row of 12 plants with rows on 5-ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a 2.5-gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 25 Sep, 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 Oct, 6, 13, 20 Nov, 4, 11, 18, and 23 Dec. The sprayer was outfitted with a single nozzle with a D-5 disk and #45 core and delivered 100 gpa at 60 psi. Fruit were harvested on 12, 25 Nov, 10, and 30 Dec and the number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by beet army-worm larvae were determined. Fruit with damage only on the fruit petiole or calyx were considered marketable and fruit with pod damage were considered unmarketable. Fruit also were examined for the presence of oviposition scars on the outsides of the fruit and for the presence of larval feeding damage on the insides of the fruit caused by the pepper weevil.