bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Comparison Effect of Electrical Cigarrete and Conventional Cigarrete Smoke toward White Rat’s (Rattus norvegicus) Lung Histopathology
Authors: Triantara Yoan Asri , Almira Inggit , Kusumo Sarwan Adi , Fajar Muhammad , Darmawan Dicky , Winarni Dwi
Published: September 2019

Background: The number of cigarettes smoked per day has an average of 12,3% of cigarettes in 2013. The increase of the conventional cigarettes price in 2016 made some conventional smokers switch to electrical cigarettes because more safety than conventional One of the indicators of pulmonary damage is the increase of alveolar macrophage that cause pulmonary structural change triggered by substances in the cigarette.
Methods: Thirty two of white rat were divided into four groups (control, conventional cigarette, electrical cigarette with 0 miligram (mg) nicotine, and electrical cigarette with 3 mg nicotine) and were exposed for 35 days (30x2 minutes; in the morning and evening).
Results: The group exposed to conventional cigarette smoke has the highest average number of macrophages than the cigarette smoke group with nicotin levels of 0 mg, electric cigarette with 3 mg nicotine and control. Brown Forsythe test continued with Games-Howell post hoc test indicates that there are significant mean difference between each group except between group exposed to electric cigarette smoke with 3 mg nicotine and exposed to conventional cigarette smoke. Based on the indicator assumption of lymphoid infiltration and thickening and fusion of the alveolar, the smoke of conventional cigarette and electric cigarette with 3 mg nicotine caused more histopathological damage to the white rat’s lungs than of conventional cigarette than the smoke of electric cigarette with 0 mg nicotine and those in the control group.
Conclusion: The exposure of conventional cigarette smoke caused the highest damage to Rattus norvegicus’ pulmo according to macrophage alveolar and histopathological indicator, but not significantly different with the exposure of electrical cigarette with 3 mg nicotine. The exposure of electrical cigarette with 0 mg nicotine caused minor damage equals to control group based on histopathological indicator. (J Respir Indo 2019; 39(2): 88-91)
Io’s Atmosphere Silhouetted by Jupiter Lyα
Authors: Retherford K. D. , Roth L. , Becker T. M. , Feaga L. M. , Tsang C. C. C. , Jessup K. L. , Grava C.
Published: September 2019

We report results from a new technique for mapping Io’s SO2 vapor distribution. The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope observed Io during four Jupiter transit events to obtain medium resolution far-UV spectral images near the Lyα wavelength of 121.6 nm. Jupiter’s bright Lyα dayglow provides a bright, mostly uniform background light source for opacity measurements, much like during a stellar occultation or transiting exoplanet event. Peaks in the photoabsorption cross-sections for sulfur dioxide occur near 122 nm, with resulting absorptions raising the altitude where a tangential line-of-sight opacity of ∼1 occurs. This method of measuring column densities along lines of sight above the limb uses detailed image simulations and complements Lyα reflectance imaging and other methods for measuring Io’s SO2 gas on the disk. Our reported near-terminator limb observations with STIS confirm the findings from previous Lyα disk reflectance imaging that Io’s polar SO2 density is an order of magnitude lower than found at the equator. We provide constraints for additional attenuation by atmospheric hydrogen atoms produced by charge exchange reactions between magnetospheric protons and Io’s atmosphere. Searches for plume-related features provided no definitive enhancements within the signal quality, ruling out unusually high levels of activity for Pele and Tvashtar.
The Net Radial Flow Velocity of the Neutral Hydrogen in the Oval Distortion of NGC 4736
Authors: Speights Jason C. , Godwin Caleb , Reimer Rebecca , Benton Allen , Lemaire Robert
Published: September 2019

The net radial flow velocity of gas is an important parameter for understanding galaxy evolution. It is difficult to measure in the presence of the elliptical orbits of an oval distortion because the mathematical model describing the observed velocity is degenerate in the unknown velocity components. A method is developed in this paper that breaks the degeneracy using additional information about the angular frequency of the oval distortion. The method is applied to the neutral hydrogen in the oval distortion of NGC 4736. The neutral hydrogen is flowing inward at a mean rate of −6.1 ± 1.9 km s−1. At this rate, it takes 400 Myr, or 1.7 rotations of the oval distortion, for the neutral hydrogen to travel the 2.5 kpc from the end to the beginning of the oval distortion. The mean mass flow rate of the neutral hydrogen in this region is −0.25 ± 0.11 M
⊙ yr−1, which is similar to estimates for the star formation rate reported in the literature.
Carrière d’auto-entrepreneur et rapports (critiques) au travail : comment les coursiers à vélo font émerger des contestations
Authors: Lebas Chloé
Published: September 2019

L’étude des « carrières » de jeunes auto-entrepreneurs travaillant pour des plateformes de livraison de repas permet de comprendre les ressorts d’un rapport ambivalent au travail. Analyser les conditions sociales d’entrée dans l’activité, la socialisation à celle-ci et les ferments de tensions et de crises nous montre comment ces ambivalences peuvent nourrir des mobilisations. Les différentes formes de collectifs de travail dans lesquels les individus s’inscrivent et la place qu’ils y prennent déterminent des rapports au travail plus ou moins distanciés. Si ces individus sont critiques, leurs formes de mobilisations varient selon leurs profils et les ressources qu’ils peuvent mobiliser.
Nutritional Interventions for Persons With Early-Stage Dementia or Alzheimer's Disease: An Integrative Review
Authors: Testad Ingelin , Kajander Martine , Froiland Christina Tolbol , Corbett Anne , Gjestsen Martha T. , Anderson Joel G.
Published: September 2019

Persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are at particular risk of malnutrition and weight loss. Clinical research concerning the role and impact of nutritional intervention in early-stage ADRD, specifically on cognition and key symptoms such as behavior, is less straightforward. Thus, an integrative review was conducted to examine the literature pertaining to nutritional interventions for persons with ADRD and to make recommendations for priority areas for future research and practice. Findings from the studies reviewed highlight multiple potential opportunities for improving nutritional status and support for persons with ADRD living in the community. Despite the small amount of evidence, the six studies identified in the current review suggest a broad benefit may be conferred through educational approaches and nutritional supplementation.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2019; 12(5):259–268.]
Bolgarski zaimenski nizi s svojilnim pomenom in njihove ustreznice v ruščini
Authors: Петрова Галина , Иванова Елена
Published: September 2019

Prispevek obravnava bolgarske zaimenske nize, ki imajo svojilni pomen in so sestavljeni iz polnega svojilnega zaimka in naslonke si (npr. moja si, svoja si). Analiza izpostavlja pomensko vlogo naslonke si v omenjenih zgradbah. Obravnavane so različne možnosti prevoda bolgarskih svojilnih zgradb v ruščino
Simpozij Oživljeni Vodnik
Authors: Legan Ravnikar Andreja
Published: September 2019

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Les ateliers de potiers en Provence. Inventaire raisonné
Authors: Excoffon Pierre
Published: September 2019

Dans le cadre de cette étude, les ateliers et traces d’ateliers de potiers et tuiliers ont été recensés, essentiellement à partir de la documentation existante, pour trois départements : le Var, Les Alpes-Maritimes et les Bouches-du-Rhône. Il s’agissait dans un premier temps d’établir un état de la documentation. À partir de ce travail ont été réalisés, un inventaire général pour les trois départements, une bibliographie complète et des cartes de répartition chronologiques par type de production et par nature des indices. Enfin, à partir d’une analyse critique de la documentation, quelques conclusions et réflexions d’ordres méthodologique et archéologique ont pu être avancées.
L’atelier de potier antique d’Amphoux (Fox–Amphoux, Var)
Authors: Michel Jean-Marie
Published: September 2019

Les sondages et la fouille d’une partie de l’atelier de potier d’Amphoux effectués en 2003 et 2005, ont permis d’en cerner l’organisation, la chronologie et les productions. Pour ces dernières, il est possible de dégager des spécificités par rapport à l’ensemble des terres cuites issues des officines proches du bassin de l’Argens.
L’atelier de potier de Portissol (Sanary-sur-mer, Var)
Authors: Ribot Henri , Martina-Fieschi Didier
Published: September 2019

La fouille d’une villa du Ier siècle de notre ère a révélé la réutilisation des structures de l’habitat en officine de potier entre 270 et 340. La production de l’atelier a pu être étudiée, ainsi que son aire de diffusion. Vers 340, l’atelier est abandonné au profit d’un habitat.
La céramique commune d’époque romaine dans le département des Alpes-Maritimes (IIe siècle av. J.-C. au IIIe ap. J.-C.)
Authors: Pellegrino Emmanuel
Published: September 2019

Les céramiques communes antiques des Alpes-Maritimes ont été étudiées dans leur ensemble à partir du mobilier d’une vingtaine de sites pour la plupart répartis sur la bande côtière du territoire du département. Malgré quelques nuances, comme l’existence probable d’une production de céramique modelée dans la région d’Antibes durant la période Augustéenne, cette étude montre que cette région s’approvisionne aux mêmes sources, que les habitudes alimentaires suivent la même évolution que dans le Var et participe au même faciès culturel. Le département semble particulièrement perméable aux importations campano-latiales puis africaines mais aussi de la région de Fréjus, de l’Argens et des Maures mais aussi du Verdon à partir du IIe s. Au contraire les importations de produits ligures sont particulièrement rares.
Les eaux usées urbaines entre produit et déchets. La valorisation agricole en Île de France
Authors: Carre Catherine , Forlini Emmanuel
Published: September 2019

Une des singularités de la gestion des eaux usées urbaines en Île de France réside dans la valorisation agricole exclusive des boues de la station d’Achères et le maintien de l’épuration par épandage des eaux usées. Toutefois, ces modes de valorisation sont remis en cause par les incertitudes qui pèsent sur ces filières.
Chercheure à l’intersection de ses appartenances ethniques et de genre
Authors: Manaï Bochra
Published: September 2019

Le présent article est une analyse de la situation du chercheur à l’intersection de ses appartenances ethniques et de genre. Les scènes se passent dans un espace montréalais désormais appelé le Petit-Maghreb et qui concentre autant d’expériences vécues que de perceptions quant à la présence des femmes et aux usages des lieux par les hommes. À partir du regard du chercheur dans une démarche ethnographique, il s’agit de dépasser les présupposés et de décrypter les enjeux de l’absence des femmes et de la réalité des hommes. Ce texte invite à regarder les espaces considérés comme lieux de la sociabilité masculine, ici mêlant consommation commerciale dite ethnique et sociabilité, comme des révélateurs des questions sociales et urbaines plus larges.
Consumer Behaviour Towards Purchasing Counterfeit Products
Authors: Vrontis Demetris , Maarabani Marwa , El Nemar Sam
Published: September 2019

This chapter analysed factors affecting the consumer purchase behaviour towards counterfeit products, and attitudes effect on the purchase intention of consumers. The considered variables are brand image, social influence, price-quality inferences, novelty seeking, and intention towards counterfeit products. A survey was conducted on university and college students in Lebanon. This research employed a structured questionnaire to measure the attitude of consumers using a Likert scale. Variables were measured using chi-square testing to identify their relationship. Results found that customer behaviour towards counterfeit products has a positive relationship with brand image, social influence, novelty seeking, intention, and price-quality inferences.
Customer Engagement
Authors: Jones Peter , Comfort Daphne
Published: September 2019

Stories are probably as old as the human race, but in recent years, businesses have increasingly come to recognise the importance of storytelling. This chapter offers an exploratory review of how leading UK retailers are using stories as part of their approach to customer engagement on the Internet and to offer some reflections on the role of storytelling in customer engagement by retailers. The chapter provides an outline of the characteristics of storytelling within the corporate world and reviews the ways storytelling is employed by the UK's top ten retailers to improve customer engagement. This review suggests that while the selected retailers posted stories on the internet to promote and publicise a wide range of topics, customer engagement was the fundamental underlying theme. The authors suggest that the retailers' use of storytelling in customer engagement raises a number of issues, including the ways stories can be used to enhance customer engagement and brand loyalty and challenges to the positive images of retailers look to portray in the stories they post on the internet.
Creating Relationships Based on Emotional Bonds With Generation Y in Virtual Environment
Authors: Kowalska Magdalena
Published: September 2019

Studies show that in a dynamically changing market saturated with new technologies, enterprises wanting to become competitive, should implement online strategies based on building relationships with the consumer as long-term relationships are more profitable. These companies should strive to build brand loyalty with their consumers. These relationships may be considered at various levels, including the behavioral and affective dimension. Research shows that, out of these two dimensions, the affective level based on the customer emotional involvement creates true loyalty. Therefore, it is important to understand what affects building the strength of relationships in this particular dimension. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the role and contributing factors for creating relationships at the emotional level with Generation Y in a virtual environment. This chapter presents a model of tools that divides relationships built in the affective dimension defined by two groups: ‘belonging and involvement' and ‘an added value for customers'.
Airbnb and Collaborative Housing
Authors: Barrios-Manrique Marta - , JIménez-Zarco Ana I.
Published: September 2019

This chapter seeks to identify the variables that influence the demand for a product or service considered as collaborative consumption, particularly, which are the factors that most affect the choice of a hosting or another in AirBnB. The chapter starts with an overview of collaborative consumption and how it is positioned in the sharing economy as a technological phenomenon. Then the authors present the role of digital platforms in this context, and finally, they present the theoretical model with the aim to identify what variables influence the demand of a product or service considered as collaborative. To validate the model, a logistic regression analysis was performed. The results obtained show how some of the predictors have a significant importance in consumer purchase. The chapter ends by presenting some conclusions of interest to those web users, who decide to use it as a platform to advertise their accommodations.
Understanding Big Data
Authors: Uğur Naciye Güliz , Turan Aykut Hamit
Published: September 2019

In today's world, it is necessary to use data or information available in a wise manner to make effective business decisions and define better objectives. If the information available is not utilized to its full extent, organizations might lose their reputation and position in this competitive world. However, data needs to be processed appropriately to gain constructive insights from it, and the heterogeneous nature of this data makes this increasingly more complex and time-consuming. The ever-increasing growth of data generated is far more than human processing capabilities and thus computing methods need to be automated to scale effectively. This chapter defines Big Data basically and provides an overview of Big Data in terms of current status, organizational effects (technology, health care, education, etc.), implementation challenges and Big Data projects. This research adopted literature review as methodology and refined valuable information through current journals, books, magazines and blogs.
Big Data-Based Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Networks Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Murugan Suriya , Sumithra M. G.
Published: September 2019

Cognitive radio has emerged as a promising candidate solution to improve spectrum utilization in next generation wireless networks. Spectrum sensing is one of the main challenges encountered by cognitive radio and the application of big data is a powerful way to solve various problems. However, for the increasingly tense spectrum resources, the prediction of cognitive radio based on big data is an inevitable trend. The signal data from various sources is analyzed using the big data cognitive radio framework and efficient data analytics can be performed using different types of machine learning techniques. This chapter analyses the process of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, the challenges to process spectrum data and need for dynamic machine learning algorithms in decision making process.
Mass Killings Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Keenan Sheri Jenkins , Rush Jeffrey P.
Published: September 2019

Mass shootings have been of interest and concern to a variety of experts including psychologists, sociologists, criminologists, public health experts, and policy makers. Journalists have tracked mass shooting events for a long time. Recently, mass shootings in public places have dominated the national dialogue about gun violence, gun control, and Second Amendment protections due to several mass pubic shootings in recent years that resulted in double-digit victim counts. Regardless of the why, it seems clear that the ability to identify and predict this behavior as early as possible is important, for the killer as well as the community.
Mother Knows Best
Authors: Crews Gordon Arthur , Crews Garrison Allen
Published: September 2019

In the aftermath of the movie theater mass shooting in July of 2012 in Aurora, Colorado, Mother Jones magazine created one of the first open-source databases documenting mass shootings in the United States. They focused on documenting rampage shootings in public places which resulted in four or more victims killed by the attacker(s). Their initial database consisted of incidents between 1982 and 2012, then an additional 54 cases were added to this data base of incidents which occurred between 2013 and August 2019. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the incidents gathered in this complete database from 1982 to 2019. Special attention is given to overall trends and characteristics of types of offenders, events, and weapons used in such violent events.
Potential Causes of Mass School Shooting Incidents
Authors: Budd Joseph R. , Herron Jeffrey , Sartin Renee
Published: September 2019

Over the past several years, American educational institutions have seen an increase in gun violence by students. This increase has erupted calls for stricter gun control and larger gun-free zones at institutions of learning. There have been many theories to why American schools have become a place of fear instead of institutions of learning. Some explore the cause of mental illness; some investigate bullying, and a few acknowledge the lack of administrative follow-up on in-school incidents. This chapter will explore the relationships and correlations between the shooter, the victim(s), school zero-tolerance policy and how previous incidents of violence or threats of violence were/are processed in the school systems where these incidents have occurred.
Zero Tolerance as a Policy Response to Mass Shootings
Authors: Tseng Margaret , Sako Borjana
Published: September 2019

The growth of shootings and rise of violence in schools have forced legislators and educators to take action. However, there has been limited change. Consequently, schools have had to resort to their own preventative measures including zero tolerance policies. Data clearly shows that zero tolerance has been the dominant way of dealing with discipline since the passage of the GFSA act of 1994. Despite the original intent of implementing zero tolerance policies in schools—that is, to ensure guns and other dangerous weapons were kept out of schools—these policies have instead grown to encompass an endless variety of seemingly minor infractions. This chapter explores the effects that zero tolerance policies, particularly, the unintended consequences that have resulted due to the increased utilization of such practices. Zero tolerance policies have implications for children and youth that are vulnerable (disabilities, immigrants, poor socio-economic status) increasing risks for repeated offenses and exposure to criminal justice.
Revisiting Functions and Roles of the Entrepreneurial University in Social and Economic Systems in the Regional Context
Authors: Pavlova Irina A.
Published: September 2019

Today, institutions are the primary factor shaping national and regional environments. Being a very conservative institution, the university undergoes tremendous transformational changes stepping in the domain of the third university mission. The rise and development of the entrepreneurial university as an institution manifests an ongoing process, the dynamics of which can be confirmed by quantitative and qualitative indicators relevant for social and economic development of the regions and territories. The chapter focuses on the functional institutional approach in assessing an entrepreneurial university as an important institution in the regional socio-economic system, including the innovation system as its part. Basing on empirical data, the functional analysis empowers to draw conclusion on certain characteristics of entrepreneurial universities to overcome the limitations embedded in the national settings.
Role of Universities on the Level of Regional Growth in Portugal
Authors: Ribeiro Vitor Miguel , Varum Celeste , Daniel Ana Dias
Published: September 2019

Universities nowadays are considered key players in the development of entrepreneurial ecosystems and, thus, may impact regional development. This chapter analyzes the role of the university as a determinant of regional economic growth in Portuguese NUTS III regions, from 2004-2017. One-step and two-step system GMM estimation results show a statistically significant and positive impact of universities upon regional growth. Moreover, the magnitude of effects is transversely stronger in the long run, which requires the need to avoid structural breaks in public actions previously initiated in the past.
Regional Policy Implications of the Entrepreneurial University
Authors: Nieth Lisa , Benneworth Paul
Published: September 2019

The chapter addresses the question of how universities respond to regional policy, and in particular, the ways in which academics are motivated and encouraged by regional development policies. The chapter specifically asks whether entrepreneurial universities create frameworks which allow university actors to positively contribute to collective development activities (such as clusters or technology transfer networks) by building new kinds of regional institutions. The chapter uses examples from three universities that all seek to be actively regionally engaged. This chapter identifies the factors that both encourage but also discourage these individual actors and notes that ongoing connections between individual academics and regional partners are critical to ensuring this constructive collaboration. The chapter contends that regional innovation policy should devote more resources to building these critical links.
Entrepreneurial Universities and Regional Innovation
Authors: Fonseca Liliana , Salomaa Maria
Published: September 2019

Universities are expected to play a leading role in the smart specialisation strategy process, However, a gap between discourse and practice is marking the RIS3-related regional development programmes, which can be extended to the involvement of universities in the process. A mismatch can be speculated between the expectations towards universities' roles in RIS3 implementation and actual practice, and its repercussions on a regional innovation ecosystem. This chapter addresses the extent to which the role played by universities in a region's innovation and entrepreneurial practice aligns with the smart specialisation strategic outline. As an in-depth case-study of the University of Aveiro (Portugal), it draws on both quantitative and qualitative data, with an analysis of RIS3 approved projects in the Portuguese NUTS II Centro region, and interviews with key actors within the university and the regional administration. Through this, it weighs the contribution of entrepreneurial universities to the RIS3 goals, drawing lessons for public policy and discussing the future of RIS3.
A Variable Neighborhood Search Algorithm to Solve the Flow Shop-Scheduling Problem Through Blocking
Authors: Bouzidi Dalel
Published: September 2019

In this chapter, we deal with the flow shop-scheduling problem through blocking known to be difficult, where there is no space and a task remains blocked on a machine until the next machine is available. For this reason, we propose the heuristic approach to minimize the delay (tardiness) as an optimization criterion. This chapter proposes a VNS-based heuristic the solutions of which are compared to those of the metaheuristic Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP). We have developed a heuristic-based VNS to get better solutions in a reasonable time. Finally, comparisons with optimal solutions for small problems have shown that all versions can give good results; it would be interesting to extend the ideas presented in this document to the blocking flow shop at minimizing the total delay.
Experiences of primary caregivers of children with cerebral palsy across the trajectory of diagnoses in Ghana
Authors: Kyeremateng Joana D.A. , Edusei Anthony , Dogbe Joslin A. , Opoku Maxwell P. , Nketsia William , Hammond Charles , Afriyie Sally A.
Published: September 2019

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive disorder of posture or movement caused by a lesion to the developing brain that results in functional limitations. The diagnosis of CP can vary from one child to another, causing family stress because of vague and unknown outcomes of the disorder. Although there are negative attitudes in Ghanaian societies towards primary caregivers and children with disabilities, fewer attempts have been made to understand their experiences.Objectives: The main aim of this study was to explore the experiences of primary caregivers across the trajectory of the diagnosis (before, during and after) of CP in the setting of a tertiary hospital.Method: Using Social Capital Theory as framework, 40 primary caregivers of children with CP, who were receiving treatment at a major referral hospital in Ghana, were interviewed about their experiences before, during and after diagnosis.Results: The results that emerged from the thematic analysis were discussed as follows: experiences before diagnosis, experiences during the diagnosis and experiences after the diagnosis. Particularly, participants discussed their inability to access essential services such as education for their children with CP.Conclusion: In light of systemic challenges faced by participants and their children with CP, the need for health policymakers to prioritise the public education about CP, promoting the well-being of caregivers and other implications of the study have been discussed.
Local and global trace formulae for smooth hyperbolic diffeomorphisms
Authors: Jézéquel Malo
Published: September 2019

We define and study local and global trace formulae for discrete-time uniformly hyperbolic weighted dynamics. We explain first why dynamical determinants are particularly convenient tools to tackle this question. Then we construct counter-examples that highlight that the situation is much less well behaved for smooth dynamics than for real analytic ones. This suggests to study this question for Gevrey dynamics. We do so by constructing an anisotropic space of ultradistributions on which a transfer operator acts as a trace class operator. From this construction, we deduce trace formulae for Gevrey dynamics, as well as bounds on the growth of their dynamical determinants and the asymptotics of their Ruelle resonances.
The Burden of Helminth Coinfections and Micronutrient Deficiencies in Patients with and without Leprosy Reactions: A Pilot Study in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Fairley Jessica K. , Ferreira Jose A. , de Oliveira Ana Laura Grossi , de Filippis Thelma , de Faria Grossi Maria Aparecida , Chaves Laura Pinheiro , Caldeira Luiza Navarro , dos Santos Paola Souza , Costa Rafaella Rodrigues , Diniz Maria Cavallieri , Duarte Carolina Soares , Bomjardim Pôrto Luiz Alberto , Suchdev Parminder S. , Negrão-Corrêa Deborah Aparecida , do Carmo Magalhães Fernanda , Peixoto Moreira João Marcelo , de Melo Freire Júnior Adelino , Cerqueira Mariana Costa , Kitron Uriel , Lyon Sandra
Published: September 2019

Leprosy reactions are immune-mediated complications occurring in up to 50% of patients. The immune consequences of helminth infections and micronutrient deficiencies suggest a potential role in type 1 reactions (T1R) or type 2 reactions (T2R). We conducted a case–control study in Minas Gerais, Brazil, to evaluate whether comorbidities and other factors are associated with reactions in patients with multibacillary leprosy. Stool and serum were tested for helminth infections. Deficiencies of vitamin A, D, and iron were measured using serum retinol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and ferritin, respectively. Logistic regression models identified associations between reactions and helminth infections, micronutrient deficiencies, and other variables. Seventy-three patients were enrolled, 24 (33%) with T1R, 21 (29%) with T2R, 8 (15%) with mixed T1R/T2R, and 20 (27%) without reactions. Evidence of helminth infections were found in 11 participants (15%) and included IgG4 reactivity against Schistosoma mansoni, Strongyloides, and Ascaris antigens. Thirty-eight (52%) had vitamin D deficiency, eight (11%) had vitamin A insufficiency, 21 (29%) had anemia, and one (1.4%) had iron deficiency. Multivariable logistic regression showed no statistically significant associations between helminth coinfections and total reactions (adjusted odds ratios [aOR]: 1.36, 95% CI: 0.22, 8.33), T1R (aOR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.17, 4.17), or T2R (aOR: 2.41, 95% CI: 0.29, 20.0). Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin A insufficiency were also not statistically associated with reactions. However, vitamin deficiencies and helminth infections were prevalent in these patients, suggesting a potential role for additional treatment interventions. Studying reactions prospectively may further clarify the role of comorbidities in the clinical presentation of leprosy.
Piloting a Shared Source Water Treatment Intervention among Elementary Schools in Bangladesh
Authors: Yeasmin Farzana , Sultana Farhana , Unicomb Leanne , Nizame Fosiul Alam , Rahman Mahbubur , Kabir Humayun , Winch Peter J. , Luby Stephen P.
Published: September 2019

Hundreds of thousands of children continue to die each year from diarrhea. We piloted a low-cost liquid chlorine point-of-use (POU) water treatment among elementary school children in Bangladesh. We began the 1-month intervention in four schools (two urban and two rural) by introducing POU drinking water hardware and behavior change communication. We trained teachers to deliver sessions encouraging students to drink chlorinated water from their own small plastic bottles to avoid disease transmission. We used cue cards and flip charts as visual aids. We evaluated the acceptability, feasibility, and potential for sustainability after 1 month and after 14 months of the intervention. During 1-month follow-up, among 141 drinking events observed, 141 students (100%) drank chlorinated water. In 93 or 66% of events, students used their own bottles, and in 43 (30%) of the events, they used common cups or hands washed before drinking. During the 14-month follow-up, we observed 732 drinking events. In 653 of 732 events (89%), students drank chlorinated water; in 78 events (11%), they consumed water from untreated drinking water sources. Among those who consumed chlorinated water, 20% (131/653) used their own bottles to drink water, 72% (467/653) used common cups, and 8% (55/653) used both hands to drink water. Most stated that they drank chlorinated water because it is safe, it has health benefits, and treatment reduces germs. Introduction of specific hardware, weekly hygiene sessions, and education materials enabled schools to treat water at POU and students to consume treated water.
Sexual Transmission of Intestinal Parasites and Other Enteric Pathogens among Men Who Have Sex with Men Presenting Gastrointestinal Symptoms in an STI Unit in Barcelona, Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fernández-Huerta Miguel , Zarzuela Francesc , Barberá María-Jesús , Arando Maider , Esperalba Juliana , Rodríguez Virginia , Vall Martí , Falcó Vicenç , García-Pérez Jorge-Néstor , Pumarola Tomàs , Espasa Mateu , Sulleiro Elena
Published: September 2019

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major problem worldwide. In addition, the spectrum of STIs is now expanding, including parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections. The study retrospectively describes the presence of enteric pathogens among 73 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms of enteritis and proctocolitis attending to an STI unit in Barcelona, Spain, between 2015 and 2016. Only patients investigated for intestinal parasitic infections were included in the study. Different diagnostic procedures were established for the detection of parasites, bacterial enteropathogens, and other STI agents. Entamoeba histolytica was the most prevalent pathogen in our cohort (20.5%), especially among individuals with proctocolitis. Contrarily, Giardia intestinalis was detected in 11.0% of patients, only associated with enteritis cases. Polymicrobial infections were common in our study (45.2%). Of note, 55.6% of shigellosis cases were coinfected with E. histolytica. The investigation highlights the importance of including parasites as differential gastrointestinal diagnosis, disregarding travel history, particularly among risk populations.
As metodologias de recém-doutores dos programas de pós-graduação em sociologia no Brasil: das disciplinas às teses
Authors: Melo Marina Félix de , Neta Selefe Gomes da Silva , Nascimento Rúbia Carmita do
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa com recém-doutores em sociologia de Programas de Pós-Graduação brasileiros e investiga a hipótese de que os problemas de pesquisa das teses de sociologia não determinam os métodos a serem utilizados nos trabalhos, sendo tais métodos determinados pelas condições de competências técnicas e de formação dos pesquisadores e por dimensões relacionadas a fatores relacionais entre os atores e a vida acadêmica. Buscamos observar a ênfase dada ao aspecto metodológico dos trabalhos de teses, examinando a percepção e o interesse que os investigadores têm a respeito de perspectivas metodológicas diversas. Apresentamos uma análise documental das ementas das disciplinas metodológicas nos cursos de doutorado e uma análise de conteúdo realizada a partir de 35 entrevistas com recém-doutores em sociologia dos 13 Programas de Pós-Graduação em sociologia do País com nível de formação doutoral. Investigamos aspectos dimensionados a questões de orientação acadêmica, relações institucionais, intercâmbios, dentre outras experiências vinculadas a processos de formação metodológica dos atores.
A Sociologia Brasileira e seus Desafios: entrevista com Carlos Benedito Martins
Authors: Oliveira Amurabi
Published: September 2019

Entrevista com o professor Carlos Benedito Martins.
Os 10 anos da Sociologia no ensino médio no Brasil: considerações sobre a formação de professores de Ciências Sociais na UFSM
Authors: Brum Ceres Karam
Published: September 2019

O artigo objetiva efetuar um balanço da formação de professores de Ciências Sociais no Brasil, inicia- do com a promulgação de lei da Lei no 11.684/ 2008 (que tornou obrigatório o ensino de Sociologia e da Filosofia no ensino médio), que se finaliza com a reforma do ensino médio e a Base Nacional delineada na Lei no 13.415/2017. Para tanto pretendo focalizar a experiência de trabalho com as dis- ciplinas de Ciências Sociais para o Ensino Médio e Antropologia da Educação, a partir das transforma- ções ocorridas no Departamento de Ciências Sociais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), que levaram à criação dos cursos de Licenciatura em Sociologia e Ciências Sociais nas modalidades presencial e EAD. Em um segundo momento, pretendo propor algumas ações reflexivas para os tempos que se anunciam, efetuando uma recuperação do conceito antropológico de educação, para colocá-lo em ação e, a serviço da formação de licenciados em Ciências Sociais no Brasil, para, como conclusão, expressar novas vias de acesso às Ciências Sociais na escola.
Educação e expertise. A sociologia como “profissão” nos Estados Unidos
Authors: Turner Stephen
Published: September 2019

Tradução de “From Education to Expertise: Sociology as a ‘Profession’” de William Buxton e Stephen Turner. O artigo foi publicado originalmente em Terence Halliday e Morris Janowitz (eds.). Sociology and its Publics. The Forms and Fates of Disciplinary Organizations. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. p. 373-407, 1992. Traduzido por Juan Pedro Blois.
Ensinar Pierre Bourdieu no 9-3: o que falar quer dizer
Authors: Truong Fabien
Published: September 2019

Este artigo aborda o confronto entre a alta teoria social de Bourdieu e um público desarmado para apropriar-se de sua visão sobre a dominação simbólica e a desigualdade social: os alunos imigran- tes de classe baixa de escolas secundárias localizadas na periferia urbana em declínio da Grande Paris. Através de um intenso trabalho de campo sociológico, proponho uma observação empírica da recepção social da obra de Bourdieu. Questiona o risco de comportamentos sem sentido para alunos e professores, já que a teoria de Bourdieu está indo contra o grão meritocrático necessário na sala de aula e explora o significado subjetivo da teoria da dominação para indivíduos dominados, entre aceitação e negação. Este estudo mostra que, nos banlieues franceses é criado um sentimen- to individual e precário de autoempoderamento.
Conversação eleitoral em democracias monitoradas: uma tipologia para análise de comentários em redes sociais on-line
Authors: Cervi Emerson Urizzi , Carvalho Fernanda Cavassana de
Published: September 2019

O artigo discorre sobre como a abundância comunicativa potencializada pelos espaços on-line afeta a organização das conversações democráticas contemporâneas. Discute-se como os mo- nitores sociais geram fluxos de comunicação próprios, especialmente nas redes sociais on-line, direcionados a instituições e atores políticos. Analisa-se o comportamento do debate on-line sobre as eleições de 2014 no Brasil a partir de 610 mil comentários feitos às fanpages no Facebook da Folha de S. Paulo, do Estadão e de O Globo. A pergunta de pesquisa respondida é: os comenta- dores dos três jornais apresentam comportamentos similares ou distintos? Além disso, propõe-se uma tipologia para classificar os comentários. Entre os resultados obtidos, tem-se que o volume de ruído no debate eleitoral digital é superior aos comentários temáticos.
O impeachment de Dilma e a crise do lulismo
Authors: Nogara Tiago Soares
Published: September 2019

Resenha de: SINGER, André. O lulismo em crise: um quebra-cabeça do período Dilma (2011-2016). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2018.
EARLINET evaluation of the CATS Level 2 aerosol backscatter coefficient product
Authors: Proestakis Emmanouil , Amiridis Vassilis , Marinou Eleni , Binietoglou Ioannis , Ansmann Albert , Wandinger Ulla , Hofer Julian , Yorks John , Nowottnick Edward , Makhmudov Abduvosit , Papayannis Alexandros , Pietruczuk Aleksander , Gialitaki Anna , Apituley Arnoud , Szkop Artur , Muñoz Porcar Constantino , Bortoli Daniele , Dionisi Davide , Althausen Dietrich , Mamali Dimitra , Balis Dimitris , Nicolae Doina , Tetoni Eleni , Liberti Gian Luigi , Baars Holger , Mattis Ina , Stachlewska Iwona Sylwia , Voudouri Kalliopi Artemis , Mona Lucia , Mylonaki Maria , Perrone Maria Rita , Costa Maria João , Sicard Michael , Papagiannopoulos Nikolaos , Siomos Nikolaos , Burlizzi Pasquale , Pauly Rebecca , Engelmann Ronny , Abdullaev Sabur , Pappalardo Gelsomina
Published: September 2019

Abstract. We present the evaluation activity of the European
Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) for the quantitative assessment of
the Level 2 aerosol backscatter coefficient product derived by the
Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) aboard the International Space
Station (ISS; Rodier et al., 2015). The study employs correlative CATS and EARLINET backscatter
measurements within a 50 km distance between the ground station and the ISS
overpass and as close in time as possible, typically with the starting time or
stopping time of the EARLINET performed measurement time window within 90 min of the ISS overpass, for the period from February 2015 to September 2016. The results demonstrate the good agreement of the CATS Level 2 backscatter
coefficient and EARLINET. Three ISS overpasses close to the EARLINET
stations of Leipzig, Germany; Évora, Portugal; and Dushanbe, Tajikistan, are
analyzed here to demonstrate the performance of the CATS lidar system under
different conditions. The results show that under cloud-free, relative
homogeneous aerosol conditions, CATS is in good agreement with EARLINET,
independent of daytime and nighttime conditions. CATS low negative biases are
observed, partially attributed to the deficiency of lidar systems to detect
tenuous aerosol layers of backscatter signal below the minimum detection
thresholds; these are biases which may lead to systematic deviations and slight
underestimations of the total aerosol optical depth (AOD) in climate
studies. In addition, CATS misclassification of aerosol layers as clouds,
and vice versa, in cases of coexistent and/or adjacent aerosol and cloud
features, occasionally leads to non-representative, unrealistic, and cloud-contaminated aerosol profiles. Regarding solar illumination conditions, low
negative biases in CATS backscatter coefficient profiles, of the order of
6.1 %, indicate the good nighttime performance of CATS. During daytime,
a reduced signal-to-noise ratio by solar background illumination prevents
retrievals of weakly scattering atmospheric layers that would otherwise be
detectable during nighttime, leading to higher negative biases, of the order
of 22.3 %.
PREFACE
Authors: Stouffs R. , Biljecki F. , Soon K. H. , Khoo V.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Aiming to bring together international researchers from academia, industry and government in the field of 3D geoinformation, the annual 3D GeoInfo Conference offers an interdisciplinary forum to researchers in the fields of data collection, advanced modelling approaches, data analysis and visualisation. The 14th 3D GeoInfo Conference 2019 was held on 26 and 27 September 2019 at the Asian Civilisations Museum in Singapore, organised by the National University of Singapore, School of Design and Environment, and the Singapore Land Authority, in collaboration with ISPRS WG IV/10. This volume of the ISPRS Annals contains the 19 papers that were accepted for presentation at the conference following a fullpaper double-blind peer review from the Scientific Committee of the 3D GeoInfo Conference. Among others, they cover subjects of urban reconstruction, 3D mapping and digital twins, machine learning and urban analysis, and the integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and GIS. Another 17 presented papers are published in the ISPRS Archives.We hope that the papers in this special issue will inspire decision-makers, academics, engineers, computer scientists, land surveyors, urban planners, and students interested in the 3D geoinformation domain. We would like to thank all the authors, the Scientific Committee, and the entire Organising Committee for their valuable contribution towards this special issue. Additionally, we would like to thank Giorgio Agugiaro, chair of WG IV/10, for his support of the conference and Jielin Chen and Palak Mehta for their help with checking the formatting of the papers.
Short-and long-term temperature responses of soil denitrifier net N2O efflux rates, inter-profile N2O dynamics, and microbial genetic potentials
Authors: Buckeridge Kate M. , Edwards Kate A. , Min Kyungjin , Ziegler Susan E. , Billings Sharon A.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Production and reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O) by soil denitrifiers influences atmospheric concentrations of this potent greenhouse gas. Accurate climate projections of net N2O flux have three key uncertainties: (1) short- vs. long-term responses to warming; (2) interactions among soil horizons; and (3) temperature responses of different steps in the denitrification pathway. We addressed these uncertainties by sampling soil from a boreal forest climate transect encompassing a 5.2 °C difference in mean annual temperature, and incubating the soil horizons in isolation and together at three ecologically relevant temperatures in conditions that promote denitrification. Both short-term exposure to warmer temperatures and long-term exposure to a warmer climate increased N2O emissions from organic and mineral soils; an isotopic tracer suggested an increase in N2O production was more important than a decline in N2O reduction. Short-term warming promoted reduction of organic horizon-derived N2O by mineral soil when these horizons were incubated together. The abundance of nirS (a precursor gene for N2O production) was not sensitive to temperature, while that of nosZ clade I (a gene for N2O reduction) decreased with short-term warming in both horizons and was higher from a warmer climate. These results suggest a decoupling of gene abundance and process rates in these soils that differs across horizons and timescales. In spite of these variations, our results suggest a consistent, positive response of denitrifier-mediated, net N2O efflux rates to temperature across timescales in these boreal forests. Our work also highlights the importance of understanding cross-horizon N2O fluxes for developing a predictive understanding of net N2O efflux from soils.