bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solution of the Kolmogorov system of equations for the generalized graph of states of a mobile feed hopper
Authors: Kupreenko A. I , Isaev Kh. M , Mikhaylichenko S. M
Published: April 2022

To determine the probabilistic time for feeding animals with mobile feeders on farms of cattle, it is required to solve the system of Kolmogorov equations. Because of the massive calculations, this work can be done only with the use of computer technology. However, a specific Kolmogorov system of equations is suitable only for a certain number of components in the feed mix. Depending on the chosen feeding ration, this amount can vary significantly. Solving the Kolmogorov equations for feed mixtures with a different number of components is a very laborious process. Therefore, it is required to develop a mathematical model that allows solving the problem of determining the probabilistic feeding time for multicomponent fodder mixtures. In the course of this work, the positions of the theory of random processes, the theory of graphs, and the foundations of mathematical modeling were used. To accomplish the task, Kolmogorov's system of equations for 2-, 3-, and 4-component fodder mixtures was compiled and solved. The combinations of intensities «L» were replaced by the coefficients introduced for visual perception of formulas and the possibility to reveal the patterns of their development with a change in the number of components. The observed regularities are reflected in the algorithm. The final solution of the Kolmogorov equations is also presented, and a general formula is obtained for calculating the probability of finding a mobile feed hopper in the state of distribution of feed. The formula consists of the coefficients which are calculated according to the developed algorithm. Thus, using the proposed algorithm, there is no need to compile and solve Kolmogorov's systems of equations to determine the probability of finding a mobile feed mill in the state of distribution of food. The observed regularities are conveniently implemented in an electronic environment, for example, MS Excel, which will allow modeling of the technological process of preparation and distribution of feed mixes with a different number of components.
Improvement of the technological process of sowing by stubble seeders
Authors: Lopareva S. G , Mekshun Yu. N , Fominykh A. V , Loparev D. V
Published: April 2022

The basis of the seeding machine fleet is the stubble seeders SZS-2.1, SKP-2.1. A disadvantage of such seeders is the irrational use of the area of feeding due to the uneven distribution of the seed. Improvement of the technological process of sowing is possible by installing seed spreaders on the paw coulters. A scheme of a paw coulter with a passive seed distributor is proposed, each side of which consists of two planes installed at different angles. The calculation scheme and mathematical model allowed to study the process of seed distribution, to reveal the influence of constructive parameters of the coulter and the two-plane distributor on the trajectory of the particle, to determine the rational parameters of the distributor. In Mathcad, a program has been developed that simulates the trajectory of the particle movement along the coulter stand and in the limited under-paw space, which allowed the calculation of the seed distribution process with a coulter with a two-plane distributor. This program allows you to determine the geometric and kinematic parameters of the grain flight reflected from the distributor and the ceiling surface of the opener (trajectory, flight range, direction of the velocity vector when falling to the ground, etc.) when varying the inclination angles of the reflector planes, the incidence of the particle and its physical and mechanical properties. The calculation includes determining the flight parameters of the grain along the vertical straight line in the first stage of the flight, along the “ballistic” curve after each reflection. The results of the calculation are given in the form of a graphical representation of particle trajectories and tables with numerical values of the coordinates of the trajectory and the range of the rebound. To confirm the reliability of the results of theoretical studies and to determine the uniformity of sowing, laboratory tests of paw coulters with two-plane seed spreaders were carried out. The design parameters of two-plane distributors are determined, which ensure the maximum uniformity in the distribution of seeds along the width of the coulters of stubble seeders. Equipping the paw coulters with two-plane spreaders provides seeding with higher quality indices on uniformity and will ensure an increase in the productivity of agricultural crops.
Perspective for the development of agricultural mobile energy
Authors: Shevtsov V. G , Godzhaev T. Z , Erilina E. V
Published: April 2022

The analysis of security with the mobile power tools (MPT) on 1000 hectares of an arable land in Russia and some countries of the world is submitted, the created deficiency of tractors on traction classes and type of running systems is disclosed, the dominance in the machine tractor park of wheel tractors of a class 1,4 Belarus 82.1 is revealed. The provided data confirm practical decrease of volume of the machine and tractor park and demand acceptance of the state measures for its restitution. Special attention is paid on the fact that the caterpillar component of the park have dual purpose, which share in the common park approaches now over a zero level is extremely unacceptable for soil and climatic conditions of Russia. It is shown that in statistics of sales of tractors in Russia in recent years the larger share of the market is occupied by agricultural machinery of domestic production. From 2013 to 2016 the share of the domestic enterprises in the value of sales grew from 22 to 35 %. The main vector of development of MPT allocated tendencies of replacement of kinematic communications by the informational, being a systemic basis use of digital technologies. The near-term outlook of the choice of the technological direction of the advancing development of agricultural mobile power tools, competitive at world level, and the prospect of search works on creation of robotic agricultural MPT are considered. It is noted that applications of the integrated and high-precision models of farming, including technologies of precise agriculture, rises the need for the automated and robotic MPT. It is shown that in the near future agricultural robots will automate all hard field work: plowing, landing, application of fertilizers, collecting and transportation, a harvest etc. and will create basically new market of MPT.
Substantiation of the construction of the mower for the I-II stages of breeding works
Authors: Podzorov A. V
Published: April 2022

Complex mechanization of selection and experimental works allow to significantly increase the volume of obtaining high-quality seeds and improve the efficiency of all breeding activities. During the harvesting of crops, from the plots everyday up to 5000 items in bunches and up to 1500 pieces of beets are harvested. The total weight of the harvest per day is within 500 kg. Harvesting of plants from the plots of the first stage is carried out manually by cutting the plants with a sickle, scissors or pulling out with the root system. The number of samples requiring analysis for the season is estimated by many thousands, for example, only in selection nurseries are prepared for each crop up to 15-20 thousand plants. This is the most time-consuming operation in breeding. The number of plots in the II stage also reaches several thousand pieces for each crop. The attempt to mechanize the cleaning of single-breed plots at the I-II stages, both in Russia and abroad, has not yet yielded results for mass and effective application. In this regard, the VIM started developing a new domestic technical means for harvesting grain crops at the I-II stage of breeding in 2011 to reduce the cost of the technological process in primary seed production using elements of existing mowers and trimmers. Prototype of the new mowers under the brand name ТС-0,2 was made by MZOK VIM plant. Taking into account the accumulated experience in the study of the ТС-0.2, in 2017, the work on its modernization was carried out in the VIM. In addition to the elimination of deficiencies in the design introduced additional elements to improve the work such as the table-flooring for cut stems. The technical parameters of the trimmer are justified on the basis of physical and mechanical, dimensional and morphological properties and characteristics of the stem of the selection crops, the size of the selection plots and the size of the stems in a row. Harvesting machines of this type are quite popular, but, unfortunately, their production is not mass and this does not allow to organize their mass production.
Results of modeling the secondary kinematics of the piston in the cylinder of a high-speed diesel engine
Authors: Putintsev C. B , Kirillov A. G , Ratnikov A. S
Published: April 2022

The relevance of the investigation of the processes of secondary kinematics of the piston in the internal combustion engine’s cylinder is due to their strong influence on such indicators as mechanical losses, wear, noise, vibration, oil consumption, and their insufficient knowledge concerning high-speed piston engines. The purpose of the research was an assessment of the influence on the character of the secondary kinematics of the piston of the high-speed internal combustion engine design factors, operating conditions and lubricant and on this basis finding the ways to improve the lubrication and friction conditions in coupling of the «cylinder-piston skirt». The tasks to be performed to achieve the research goal were in an identification the most significant parameters of the construction on the piston's secondary kinematics, mode of operation and properties of the lubricant; obtaining diagrams of the piston's secondary kinematics depending on the change in the values of the influencing factors, as well as the analysis of the obtained results and the development of recommendations aimed at reducing friction and wear in the piston-cylinder-unit. For the subject of the research the piston of the high-speed diesel engine 1CH 8,5/8,0, having a barrel-shaped profile of the piston skirt in the serial production and a negative dezaksial of piston pin, was chosen. The research method is mathematical modeling using the calculation program PISTON-DHT. Discussion of the obtained results made it possible to reveal the two most influential parameters on the character of the secondary kinematics of the piston: the dezaksial of piston pin and piston skirt profile. The variation of the sign and the values of these indicators were established an expedience to switch from a negative one to the positive dezaxial and an application of rational profile of the piston skirt. For the two most dynamically loaded strokes of the working cycle «Compression» and «Expansion», the dominance of the piston movement in the position of the scraper relative to the adjacent side of the cylinder wall was highlighted. The generalized recommendations aimed at eliminating the dominance of this undesirable situation can be taken into account and used in the design and completion of high-speed internal combustion engines pistons in order to minimize mechanical losses and wear.
Probabilistic-statistical method for determining ergonomic tolerances of machine-tractor units with a gas-turbine engine
Authors: Shkrabak V. S , Dzhabborov N. I
Published: April 2022

The justification and usage of tolerances for ergonomic parameters ensure safety and improve the conditions and safety of operators of machine-tractor units. The subject of the investigation is a development of the mathematical models for a determination of the ergonomic parameters of machine-tractor units with gas-turbine engines. The aim of the investigations is a development of the probabilistic-statistical method for a determination of the ergonomic tolerances of machine-tractor units equipped with gas turbine engines. The novelty of the researches consists in the developed mathematical models and algorithm for a calculation of the tolerances for ergonomic parameters of machine-tractor units with gas-turbine engines. The proposed method is developed on the basis of systems analysis and methods of collecting and processing information, mathematical modeling. At the same time, state standards GOST 26387-8, GOST R ISO 15005-2012, GOST R ISO 15534-1-2009 were also used. Ergonomic parameters of machine-tractor units are divided into the following basic groups: anthropometric, hygienic, physiological and psychological. As the main quantitative characteristics of the tolerances for ergonomic parameters of machine-tractor units, the following are defined: adjusting tolerances for the level of adjustment, adjusting tolerances for the accuracy of adjustment and control tolerances. The proposed method and algorithm for a calculation allow to predict the optimal values of ergonomic tolerances of machine-tractor units with a probability of 0,95. As an example in the article, the examples of calculating the temperature tolerances at the mechanic workplace of the machine-tractor unit with a gas-turbine engine GTD-350T are given. It is established that the optimum values of the adjusting tolerance for the level of the temperature setting at the mechanic workplace are equal to 20±1 °C, and the adjusting tolerance for the accuracy of the adjustment is ±0,7 °C. The established ergonomic tolerances and the probabilistic-statistical method for their determination are intended for a justification, continuous control and ergonomic parameters assessments that ensure the safety and improvement of the conditions and labor protection of the operator of machine-tractor units with a gas turbine engine. The proposed probabilistic-statistical method provides the definition and optimization of ergonomic parameters of machine-tractor units with a gas turbine engine, taking into account the probabilistic character of their changes under specific conditions of their operation.
Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the vibration protection of the active suspension system with PID control
Authors: Kuz'min V. A , Godzhaev Z. A
Published: April 2022

The pneumatic suspension is used to absorb vibration and provide comfortable labor conditions for transportation vehicle drivers. The cause of increased vibration of the tractor, often, are incorrectly matched elastic-damping characteristics of the cushions of the active suspension system, which can not cope (or cope extremely ineffectively) with fluctuations coming from the external background. Since the realization of an experiment for the dynamic analysis of pneumatic suspension takes a long time, the mathematical models of the vehicle suspension system are used to obtain the response parameters of the pneumatic suspension. In the given article the comparative characteristic of spring’s systems with a cylindrical spring and a linear pneumatic spring as a suspension system is given. To carry out the simulation, the Matlab/Simulink software complex was used, in which, based on the previously obtained values of equivalent rigidity, a simulation of the tractor was built. Since the tractor in this model is considered as a linear system, its spectral function was calculated from the spectrum of the input parameters of the path unevenness and the frequency response of the tractor. These parameters were used to analyze the vibration response of the suspension system to assess the effectiveness of the system and, as a result, assessment of the operator comfort. The algorithm of the proportional integral differentiating (PID) regulation of the suspension system was implemented depending on their output parameters as well. The comparative study shows how the linear model of the pneumatic suspension system controlled by a PID-regulator is able to suppress fluctuations arising from road roughness and whether it is effective than a passive suspension system for a vehicle with a coil spring. The criterion of efficiency in this work was the indicator of the tractor's displacement height.
Method of the strength analysis of a track-type tractor undercarriage with the use of multibody simulation and fininte element analysis
Authors: Gorelov V. A , Komissarov A. I , Vdovin D. S , Gaev S. V , Vyaznikov M. V , Taratorkin I. A
Published: April 2022

The wide use of the finite element method for the strength analysis of the undercarriage elements requires a reliable method of the load's calculation. Conventional analytical method of the load's calculation does not take into account their redistribution due to the kinematics and dynamics of the elements. An alternative option is the numerical dynamic analysis with the use of the spatial dynamical models taking into account kinematics and flexibility of the undercarriage elements. The article describes a method of the strength analysis of a tracked vehicle undercarriage for the case of a track-type tractor with gross weight 72 ton. The method is based on the combination of the undercarriage multibody model for the simulation of the loads in typical operation modes and finite element models of its parts for calculation of the strain-stress and margin of safety in each load case. The undercarriage is described as a set of rigid bodies connected by springs and dampers at all interaction points between the undercarriage elements, the track-shoes, and the ground. The loads on the undercarriage are calculated by the numerical integration of the equations of motion. The time histories of the loads are used for the detection of the static strength critical load cases. Each critical load is transmitted to the finite element models of the analyzed undercarriage parts for the subsequent strength analysis. The method is demonstrated for the «tractor forward pitch during the lifting of the earthmoving blade» and «tractor moving over a single rail» load cases. The article shows the analysis of the time histories of the bogie loads. The authors discuss issues of the load transmission from the multibody model to the finite element models of the undercarriage parts and demonstrate some results of the strength analysis of the bogie.
Testing of the protective device ROPS of the industrial tractor B10
Authors: Serov S. I , Naradovyj D. I , Troyanovskaya I. P
Published: April 2022

According to the requirements of the technical regulations, all protective devices of tractor units are subject to obligatory certification. One of the main protection frame of the operator when overturning is the ROPS system. According to the requirements of State standard (GOST), the test for a compliance with protective structures ROPS should be carried out on the basis of full-scale tests. The aim of the investigation was to develop the experimental procedure and to obtain the result of the assessment of the compliance with the safety requirements of the ROPS safety device of the bulldozer compartment B10 (B12) manufactured by the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. The tests were carried out at the Ural Test Center NATI. For this purpose, a special stand was used, allowing to test the protective cabs of tractors with a total mass of up to 110 tons. For this purpose, a special test bench was used, allowing to test the protective cabs of tractors with a total mass up to 110 tons. The hydraulic system of the test bench allowed to carry out the process of lateral loading ROPS step by step, where each step corresponded to the deformation of the construction 10 mm. At each step, the acting forces and deformation of the construction were registered. The accumulated energy of the construction was calculated as the area under the stress-strain curve. The required GOST force Fy = 212,4 kN was achieved with a deformation of 180 mm. However, the lack of the accumulated energy at that time required a continuation of the lateral loading of the construction. The required energy according to GOST U = 40867 J was collected during the lateral deformation ∆ = 270 mm. The force at that was Fy = 243. After removing the lateral load, the construction was subjected to vertical static and longitudinal loading. During the whole experiment of the protective device ROPS repair, correction of deformations and bringing the construction into order were not allowed. The results of tests of the ROPS cab construction of bulldozer B10 (B12) have showed the compliance with the GOST safety requirements. During the ROPS deformation, the penetration of the elements of the protective construction into the zone of a limited volume of the driver's seat was not observed.
A device for the energy saturation of fuel
Authors: Simdyankin A A , Simdyankina Ye Ye , Kaykatsishvili G Z
Published: April 2022

Necessity of use of a device for energy saturation of liquid motor fuel is grounded and a construction for its realization is proposed.
Improving the milling unit design
Authors: Ozherelyev V N
Published: April 2022

Specific kinematic features of milling rotor working with the forward and the row-spacing inclination of rotation axis are examined. Recommendations for the rational implementation of attachment point of L-shaped bent out cutter, in particular for the optimum setting angle of cutter pole in the plane of rotation, are given.
Continuously variable two-flow hydrovolumetric mechanical gearbox for a tractor with 350-400 hp engine
Authors: Samorodov V B , Shuba S A , Derkach O I
Published: April 2022

An original continuously variable two-flow hydrovolumetric mechanical gearbox is presented. The gearbox is equipped with two adjustable hydraulic units and intended for a tractor with 300-350 hp engine. Parameters of construction are designed on the basis of system approach to the automated analysis, synthesis and projecting of hydrovolumetric mechanical transmissions.
Review and analysis of developments in converting diesel engines into gas-spark-ignited engines
Authors: Savelyev G S , Degtyariov D V
Published: April 2022

Developments concerning the technologies of converting diesel engines into gas-spark-ignited engines are briefly reviewed. These data may be useful for the selection of trends and structural features of conversion.
The functional purpose of vehicles for the rural settlements
Authors: Dzotsenidze T D , Levshin A G , Yevtyushenkov N Ye , Kozlovskaya M A , Myagkov A Ye
Published: April 2022

The problem of transport supply of agro-industrial complex is investigated. The urgency of development of new agricultural vehicles is grounded. Technical and technological requirements to them and composition of a new line of vehicles are also given.
Improving the technological process and engineering tools for direct grasses undersowing in the sod of natural forage lands
Authors: Sokolov A V , Zamana S P , Patlay V V , Fedorovskiy T G , Kindsfater V Ya
Published: April 2022

Results of search investigation concerning the development of effective methods for direct undersowing into the sod of natural lands are given. Comparative analysis of sowing quality with active and passive tools is carried out. Process variables and operation characteristics of grass seeders СДК-2.8 and СТС-2.1 are specified.
Mathematical modeling of a wheel tractor-trailer oscillations
Authors: Zolotarevskaya D I
Published: April 2022

Vertical oscillations of front and rear axles of a wheel tractor having a semi-rigid spring suspension and unitized with one-axle trailer are considered. Mathematical model and calculation method for this unit oscillations are proposed. The influence of vertical oscillations of tractor-trailer's axels on the soil compaction was investigated. By means of computer modeling the influence of tractor-trailer speed on the axels oscillations' amplitude and frequency, and the compaction action of tractor-trailer on the soil during the field operations are revealed.
The role of tractors' power characteristics in the formation of their types
Authors: Nadykto V T
Published: April 2022

Ways of practical implementation of power characteristics for traction and traction-power tractors during the formation of their types are considered.
Traction indicators of class 1,4 wheel machine and tractor units with demountable hooks in conditions of arable land
Authors: Slavkin V I , Gadzhiyev P I , Makhmutov M M , Makhmutov M M
Published: April 2022

Conditions and results of experimental field researches of wheeled machine-tractor units of class 1.4 equipped with demountable hooks are considered. Limits of considered factors in natural scale of measurement are presented. Traction characteristics and power balance of the units are shown.
The uniformity of grain seed distribution with a double-strand opener
Authors: Demchuk Ye V , Kobyakov I D
Published: April 2022

Results of double-strand opener testing in the soil channel in realistic conditions are brought. Mathematical models of uniformity of grain seed distribution on the length and width of sowed strand are received.
Methods of optimal aggregation of basic machines and working equipment
Authors: Yanson R A , Agapov A B , Nazimov M K
Published: April 2022

A method of optimal aggregation of basic machines (tractors) and working construction equipment is proposed. System analysis, statistic technometry and economic-mathematical computer simulation are fundamental in this methodology.
Comparative technical and economical parameters of gas diesel and gas-spark-ignited converted diesels to run on CNG
Authors: Savelyev G S , Degtyarеv D V
Published: April 2022

On the basis of experimental input data the commercial efficiency of conversion of automotive diesels in gas-diesel and gas-spark-ignition engines is calculated. Analysis of both options' performance is given, taking into account the load factor of engine.
Features of tailings removal with a stripping-type combine
Authors: Ayubov A M , Shokarev A N
Published: April 2022

Ways and means of tailings removal with a stripping-type combine are considered. General methodology for cutting device selection depending on the harvested crop and on the technology of cutting steams gleaning is presented.
Improving the grain crops seeds broadcast seeding by a disc opener
Authors: Radnayev D I , Drincha V M
Published: April 2022

Сonstruction of modernized narrow-row disc opener is developed. The results of design of experiments on substantiation of construction characteristics of opener allowing to realize the stripe broadcast seeding are presented.
Effectiveness of fuel system protection from contamination during the operation of mobile machines
Authors: Isayenko V D , Isayenko P V , Khalturin D V
Published: April 2022

A filter-heater intended for setting into regular sedimentation filter in order to increase the effectiveness of diesel fuel purification is presented.
A fractal model of soil structure
Authors: Makhmutov M M , Vorobiov Ye I , Imamov I S , Pakhunova R N
Published: April 2022

A fractal model of soil structure, namely particles consisting of uniform-sized balls, is considered. Parameters describing the concrete soil are determined.
An integrated quality control system for the mechanized works in crop growing
Authors: Garanin G V
Published: April 2022

An integrated system of quality control for mechanized works in crop growing is developed. The block schematic diagram and engineering tools for these purposes are described.
Tribological properties of hydraulic cylinders' sealings polymer materials
Authors: Borisov V I , Kuznetsov V V , Vodyakov V N
Published: April 2022

The results of research of tribological properties of polymeric materials for the seals of movable connections are brought in conditions of volume compression using the method of complete multifactorial experiment. Regressive equations adequately describing the dependence of wear intensity and friction coefficient of materials at their co-operating with a counter-body (steel of 40Х), from hydrostatical pressure, speed of skidding and temperature of working liquid are given. It is determined that the preferable complex of tribological descriptions is possessed by the rubber under the code number 7-ИРП-1269″ and the fluorine plastic Ф4К20″.
Non-contact copying of the field surface topography by agricultural machinery tools with the use of acoustic methods
Authors: Strok Ye Ya , Belchik L D , Vaschula A V , Zakharov A V
Published: April 2022

Preconditions and ways of creation of automatic high-altitude regulating systems with the use of ultrasonic distance sensors are considered. Results of experimental studies of a high-altitude regulating system during the non-contact copying of field surface relief are given.
On the standardization of tractor trailers' brake properties
Authors: Perchatkin Yu V
Published: April 2022

Basic problems related to the forming and standardization of indexes of tractor trailers' brake properties are considered. The shortcoming of normative documentation currently in force are indicated, suggestions on its perfection are given.
A multiparameter fuel characteristic of the Cummins diesel
Authors: Gorodetskiy K I , Golnev V S , Yershov Ye P , Raskin A M , Prischepenko A N , Shuvayev D N
Published: April 2022

Results of bench test of the Cummins QSM11-C330 engine are analysed. A new method of construction of multiparameter fuel characteristic of diesel engine is proposed. The accuracy of obtained results relative to experimental data is estimated.
Assessing the influence of number of metal-ceramic friction disks in the brake assembly on the braking performance
Authors: Ilyuschenko A F , Dmitrovich A A , Bagnychev S A , Karpyza S A , Leshok A V
Published: April 2022

Traffic safety mainly depends on the reliability of metal-ceramic friction materials used in brake gears, the most important vehicle units. The results of friction disk trials tested in actual condition immediately on the assembly are presented.
Application of the contactless stereography method for the identification and assessment of restored parts' defects size
Authors: Gorshkov Yu G , Vakhrushev V V , Mashrabov N M , Shestakov A M
Published: April 2022

An approach to the estimation of defects after the reconstruction by thermal processing of steel and cast iron details for tractors and cars is declared. A method based on the application of optical-electronic means and computer technologies is offered. Estimation results and size of defects on the surface of details after restoration are brought. Features of construction and work of the optical device on the basis of advanced double MIS-11 microscope are considered.
Calibration of fatigue sensors under asymmetric stress cycles during the operation of agricultural machine's parts
Authors: Tyutrin S G
Published: April 2022

The possibility of calibration tests of fatigue sensors during the asymmetric cycles of stresses, carried out according to the «rotary bending test» scheme, is investigated. Construction of calibration sample has been developed. A calibration curve for the fatigue sensors made from perforated aluminum foil is shown.
Control of the separation process of potato combine
Authors: Slavkin V I , Belov S V , Zhuravliov A V , Lobachevskiy P Ya , Pronin V Yu
Published: April 2022

Results of study of separation control system mounted on a potato combine are given.
Parameters of gas distribution mechanism and the technical level of piston engines
Authors: Makushin A A
Published: April 2022

The influence of gas-distribution mechanism characteristics on the work indicators of automobiles' and traktors' piston engines was under study. The results of investigations are cited in this article. Relationships between analogs of a working substance speed in flow areas of inlet and outlet valves and a rotation angle of crankshaft are given.
Grinding devices of modern forage harvesters
Authors: Belov M I , Gubernskiy A Yu , Gadzhiyev P I , Slavkin V I , Pronin V Yu
Published: April 2022

Constructions of grinders for forage harvester available on Russian market are briefly reviewed. Comparative characteristics of domestic and foreign grinding devices and results of cluster analysis are given.
Forecasting the optimal operating modes of machine and tractor unit
Authors: Dzhabborov N I , Dementyev A M
Published: April 2022

The general approach to forecasting of optimum values of operational indicators of the agricultural machine-tractor aggregate for the specified operating conditions is considered. As an example of its realization for the concrete unit the balanced system of operational indicators received as a result, their values, optimum levels of loading and use degree are given.
Improving the joints of agricultural machines' parts
Authors: Egozhev A M
Published: April 2022

Big dynamic loads resulting in relaxations of responsible joints act on the tools of agricultural machines. A new construction considerably rising the strength of joining blocks of agricultural machines' parts is developed.
Electrotechnology of microarc oxidation of light alloys
Authors: Shichkov L P , Lyudin V B , Epelfeld A V
Published: April 2022

Features of electrotechnology of microarc oxidation of light (Al, Mg, Ti) alloys are considered. A module with current displacement effect was developed and described. It allows to control the ratio of cathode and anode currents and the rigidity of mode in condensing AC inverters which are widely used for this technology.
General solution of the problem of shaft correcting optimization during the agricultural machines' repair
Authors: Manilo I I
Published: April 2022

Technological process of shaft correcting is considered as an object of polyvalent optimization. It is offered to set the conditions of shaft processing by an elastic-plastic bending. In this case the specified precision indices of correcting quality are achieved with minimal number of details loadings and thereby the process of correcting is optimized.
Increasing the effectiveness of multi-axis parts machining using the numerical program control machines
Authors: Manilo I I , Pukhov A S
Published: April 2022

Possibility to increase the efficiency of numerical program control lathes used for the multi-axis machining of parts recovered with the build-up of worn-out work surfaces is presented.
Control of gear shift in a transmission with three degrees of freedom
Authors: Derzhanskiy V B , Taratorkin I A , Abdulov S V
Published: April 2022

A way of reducing the dynamic load of transmission with three degrees of freedom in conditions of gear shift transitions is substantiated.
Forecasting of power consumption by dynamic systems of machine and tractor aggregates
Authors: Inshakov A P , Vantyusov Yu A , Shnyakin I N
Published: April 2022

A model allowing to estimate the quality of power transfer by dynamic systems from power source to consumer is suggested. Conditions of effective power consumption during the machine and tractor units' operation are determined.
Estimation of mass and dimensions indices of the embedded electromechanical systems of agricultural purpose
Authors: Litvin V I , Safonov A S
Published: April 2022

Analytical expressions of mass and dimensions indices of embedded electromechanical systems, obtained on the basis of realized theoretical researches are given.
A technique for the improvement of working parts of grain combines
Authors: Berdyshev V Ye
Published: April 2022

Influence of different working parts of grain combines on the direct losses and crushing of grain is analyzed. Dependences of grain losses and crushing on the transfer factors characterizing the design and adjustment parameters of working parts are determined.
Reliability and durability of hydraulic cylinders made of metal-silica composite material
Authors: Tavasiyev R M , Lyanov M S , Ivanchenkov V A , Kozayev T S
Published: April 2022

To reduce energy and labor inputs during the manufacture of hydraulic cylinders it is proposed to use a constructional metal-silica composite. Results of reliability and durability tests of the new material carried out on a specially constructed test bench are given.
Test-bench equipment for the testing of tractor cabin vibration isolators
Authors: Pobedin A V , Lyashenko M V , Shekhovtsov K V , Godzhayev Z A
Published: April 2022

Several variants of bench equipment for the examination of static, dynamic and resource characteristics of vibration isolators made of elastomer are presented. An advanced design of standard vibration isolator is suggested.
Coordination of functioning of cylindrical sieves of а grain separator
Authors: Zholobov N V , Farafonov V G , Yakimov A V
Published: April 2022

Speeds of kernels withdrawal from holes of internal cylindrical sieve, their motion paths and speeds at the moment of contact with outside sieve are calculated on the basis of the realized theoretical researches.
Modeling of dynamics of a crawler band with elastomer wideners
Authors: Abyzov A A
Published: April 2022

Procedure of bench tests of a crawler band with elastomer wideners is described. It allows to repeat the dynamic processes in areas of drive and guide wheels in laboratory conditions. Dependences establishing the accordance between bench and trial tests by criterion of accumulated fatigue damage are given. Mathematical model describing the dynamics of a crawler band with flexible wideners is presented. Results of test calculations are given.
Influence of parameters of the diametrical fan's wheel blades on the acoustic characteristics
Authors: Sychugov N P , Zholobov N V
Published: April 2022

Dependences between the parameters of wheel blades and the acoustic characteristics are ascertained on the basis of analysis of fields of speeds and air pressure in a running part of diametrical fan of a winnowing machine. Results of experimental researches are presented.
Improving the methods of experimental research of friction units of cylinder-piston group
Authors: Kochenov V A , Goyeva V V , Grishin N Ye , Kazakov S S
Published: April 2022

Results of study of internal cylinder gas pressure change in internal combustion engines are given. An improved method for the measuring of diesel engines' compression is presented.
Mathematical analysis of stochastic process of vacuum fluctuations in a milk line of milking machine
Authors: Alioshkin V R , Shulyatyev V N , Surkov S V
Published: April 2022

The limiting value of mean-square deviation of vacuum in a milk line during milking, providing its maximal staying in the given range is determined theoretically. Mathematical models permitting to calculate the probability of maintaining of vacuum mode in the tolerance zone are given.
Optimization of structure and operation modes of machine-tractor units
Authors: Kotsar Yu A , Pluzhnikov S V , Golovaschenko G A , Kumakov Yu A , Leonov S V
Published: April 2022

Problems of completing of machine-tractor unit are considered. Its optimal operation mode in specific working conditions is determined with the use of a portable measurement system.
Diagnosis of electronic engine control systems for LADA automobile
Authors: Bazhenov YU. V , Kalenov V. P
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the development of a system for ensuring the efficiency of ECM through the introduction of diagnostics of its technical condition into the technological processes of servicing and repairing vehicles. In order to create such a system, we performed studies on the operational reliability of the structural elements of the ECU, the effect of their failures on the engine operating parameters, and the substantiation of diagnostic parameters evaluating the technical condition of the system. The object of the research is the electronic control system M86, installed on domestic LADA VESTA automobiles (VAZ-21179 engine). According to the results of the research, the average operating time of the structural elements of the ECM to failure and the reasons for their occurrence were established. Authors imitated the failure of each ECM elements by turning it off and using the appropriate equipment to measure selected parameters of engine operation. The most significant influence on the operation of the engine is caused by failure of fuel pump, ECU and crankshaft position sensor. The failure of this elements causes the complete loss of engine performance as fuel supply to the cylinders stops. In case of failure of other elements of ECM the engine performance is maintained, but its operating capabilities significantly decrease. To ensure the required level of reliability of the ECM, it is necessary at regular intervals to maintain the vehicles to diagnose the technical condition of its elements at automobile service enterprises. In this paper, it is recommended to split the ECM into three subsystems, each of which is evaluated by one complex diagnostic parameter reflecting the technical condition of the structural elements included there. The deviation of the parameters beyond the tolerance limits caused by the occurrence of faults serves as the basis for deciding whether to conduct the necessary technical actions. Diagnostics of the ECM subsystems is carried out in accordance with the developed algorithms that establish a rational sequence of control, adjustment and other operations to identify and eliminate damages arising in the process of operation. As an example, the article presents an algorithm for diagnosing the fuel supply subsystem and reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases. The developments proposed in the article were tested and introduced into the technological processes of maintenance and automobile repairs of the LADA dealership center in the city of Vladimir.
The concept of the controlled movement of the tracked vehicle
Authors: Beketov S. A
Published: April 2022

This article is devoted to solving the actual problem - to define the concept of controlled movement of tracked vehicles. Uncertainty in the concept of controlled movement does not allow to solve practical problems related to the controllability of tracked vehicles. In the publication, controlled motion is considered as a transition from one steady state to another. Just a study of the steady-state motion regime will make it possible to determine the patterns between the force and kinematic parameters of controlled curvilinear motion and controlled parameters of a tracked vehicle. It is determined that controlled movement is such a movement in which the driver, acting on the controls, can change the mode of movement of the tracked vehicle in the right direction at the given time. If the movement of the tracked vehicle is carried out independently of the control actions of the driver or the reaction of the machine to the control action is uncertain, then such movement is uncontrollable. The analysis of transients from the rectilinear movement of the tracked vehicle to the curvilinear one is presented. It is shown that with curvilinear motion, the centrifugal force is balanced by the transverse reaction of the soil due to the displacement of the projection of the instantaneous center of rotation onto the longitudinal axis of the machine. The physical meaning of this bias is determined. During controlled curvilinear movement the center of mass of the tracked vehicle moves tangentially to the trajectory of movement, and the longitudinal axis will rotate around the center of mass by an additional angle relative to the tangent to the trajectory of movement in the direction of the instantaneous center of rotation. The indicator identifies a controlled, limitedly controlled and uncontrolled movement - the displacement of the instantaneous center of rotation on the longitudinal axis of the tracked vehicle to the level and beyond the front border of the supporting surfaces of the tracks. Thus, the conducted studies of the controlled curvilinear movement of tracked vehicles allow us to define the controllability and to identify the following types of movement: guaranteed controlled, limited controlled and uncontrolled movement.
Optimization and debugging of a low-toxic combustion chamber with the use of numerical modeling of intrachamber processes
Authors: Gornovskiy A. S , Valeev A. G , Kosach L. A , Kostyukov A. V
Published: April 2022

In recent years, there has been a trend towards an increase in demand for microturbines. The microturbine application area is very wide. These are hybrid power plants for transport and specialized equipment, as well as power plants for providing electricity to homes, towns, businesses. When developing advanced gas turbine units, it is necessary to take into account sufficiently high requirements for economic and operational indicators. To improve the performance of microturbines, it is necessary to optimize and refine the basic elements. In particular, to reduce the emission of harmful substances, it is necessary to develop low-toxic combustion chambers. In this paper, we present the results of optimization and fine-tuning of a low-toxic combustion chamber with the use of numerical modeling of intra-chamber processes. The applied models of flow, combustion, radiation, NOx emission are described. The main parameters of the computational grid built for ¼ of the full-size combustion chamber are given. The boundary conditions necessary for the development of mathematical modeling of the flow and combustion processes are formulated. The results of comparison of the initial and optimized geometry of the combustion chamber in the form of patterns of temperature distribution, velocities, total pressure in the swirler, and the distribution of the mass fraction of nitrogen oxides NOx are presented. According to the results of optimization calculations, it can be concluded that relatively small changes in the size, shape and number of secondary air holes, the shape and dimensions of the flame tube, the diameter of the blade swirler and the shape and size of the nozzles of the gas injector have a significant effect on such indicators of the working process as: form, volume and location of the combustion zone; location and intensity of the mixing zone, which, as a consequence, greatly affects the integral parameters of the combustion chamber.
Quasi-finite element model of rolling elastic wheels on uneven deformable substructure in nonlinear motion of a wheeled vehicle
Authors: Volskaja N. S , Zhileykin M. M , Zakharov A. J , Panshin M. V
Published: April 2022

One of the main directions of economic development of Russia was and should remain the accelerated development of the regions of the North and North-East, occupying more than 60% of the country. Further development of these areas requires new approaches and new technologies to solve transport and technological problems in the movement of goods and people in conditions where the roadway is off-road. At the same time, the movement of transport and technological machines is not only difficult, but in some cases completely excluded. The existing all-terrain vehicle equipment, made according to the old traditional schemes and commercially produced by the industry, does not meet the requirements that determine the efficiency and environmental friendliness of the engines of machines in complex natural and climatic conditions of operation. In this situation, the problem of forecasting the permeability of wheeled vehicles (KM) on the support surface with weak bearing properties is relevant. One of the main methods to predict permeability is a simulation of the motion of wheeled vehicles in different operating conditions, which are based on mathematical models of interaction between elastic tires with deformable irregularities of the support base. Currently in the theoretical study of the interaction of propellers with the ground formed two main directions: analytical method involving a mathematical description of the process under study and the finite element method based on computer simulation. The aim of this study is to develop a mathematical model of rolling elastic wheels on deformable rough reference base, taking into account the deformation of the contact patch at each end of the elementary playground. The mathematical model combines a mathematical description of the physical processes of interaction between elastic tires with uneven deformable substrates and finite element approach, based on consideration of processes in each end unit site of contact.