bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Et sløret mellemværende
Authors: Andersen Anna-Lea Byskov , Petersen Louise Willads , Hamre Bjørn
Published: June 2020

Artiklen bidrager med en historisk-pædagogisk tilgang til at forstå skole-hjem-samarbejdetsom en kompleks forhandling mellem staten, lærer og forældre, med fokuspå de rationaler og mulighedsbetingelser, der ligger til grund for, at samarbejdettager sig ud, som det gør i dag. Med et metodologisk fokus på problematisering,anskuer vi skole-hjem-samarbejdet i den eksisterende forskning og viser, at samarbejdetrummer både nutidige og historiske selvfølgeligheder og normalitetsforståelseri relation til, hvad det vil sige at være en god forælder og leve op til ansvareti samarbejdet med skolen. Endvidere viser vi med udgangspunkt i to historiskedokumenter, hvordan der sker diskursive forskydninger i, hvordan forældre ogbørn bliver forstået og problematiseret af staten, og at statens indtræden i hjemmetog vurdering af forældres evner bliver mulighedsskabende for, at grænsernemellem hjemmet og staten sløres. På denne baggrund argumenterer vi for, at skole-hjem-samarbejdet bærer på en dobbeltt ydighed, hvor grænserne for ansvaret ogmagten mellem parterne kan fremstå slørede
Accueillir les tout-petits et leur famille : premiers pas en bibliothèque
Authors: Daviron Caroline
Published: June 2020

Bien connaître le public des 0-3 ans, ainsi que l’offre éditoriale adaptée, est très important pour une médiation réussie. En intégrant les familles dans leur diversité culturelle, l’animation « Bébés lecteurs » à la bibliothèque prend tout son sens. Nourrir l’enfant de mots, d’images et de partage permet à celui-ci de construire son imaginaire. Le tout-petit exprimant son plaisir à la découverte des albums, sa famille se trouve associée à ce moment privilégié. Quelle que soit leur culture, les parents, tout entiers dans la convivialité de l’instant, dépassent peu à peu leur éventuelle appréhension face à l’accueil du tout-petit et à l’environnement. L’offre éditoriale diversifiée et de qualité permet aux bibliothécaires de rendre cette animation « Bébés lecteurs » pleine de surprises et d’enrichissements.
Portraits d’enfance, portraits d’adolescence : pratiques de lecture et pratiques culturelles à travers les étapes du développement humain
Authors: Gareau Geneviève
Published: June 2020

L’enfance, l’adolescence et même la préadolescence sont des moments de vie particuliers qui sont marqués, selon certaines recherches, par des pratiques de lecture et des pratiques d’activités technologiques propres à ces âges. En amont de ces pratiques, il reste le lecteur, le jeune, la personne qui vit des changements psychologiques et physiologiques propres à son étape de développement. Ces moments de changements influencent les besoins, les intérêts et les goûts en matière de lecture de ces jeunes. Connaître leurs étapes de développement et leurs besoins, c’est comprendre davantage le public des jeunes, prendre conscience de l’importance de l’étape de développement de ces usagers comme personnes et ainsi avoir la possibilité d’interagir plus profondément et dynamiquement avec eux.

À partir d’études statistiques sur les pratiques de lecture des enfants, des préadolescents et des adolescents, cet article présente ces pratiques en lien avec les étapes de développement reliées à l’âge. Une meilleure connaissance théorique des dimensions physiologique, cognitive, affective et sociale des jeunes permettra un fondement plus fin de nos pratiques académiques et professionnelles dans nos interventions auprès des jeunes.
L’adaptation d’activités pour les personnes vivant avec une déficience intellectuelle
Authors: Chalifoux Ariane
Published: June 2020

Au début de l’année 2019, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (BAnQ) a créé un poste de chargé de projets pour concevoir une offre de services répondant aux besoins des personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle. Une telle offre s’inscrit dans celle, plus globale, des services offerts aux personnes en situation de handicap. L’objectif est d’analyser et de revoir les services proposés à la Grande Bibliothèque, située à Montréal, afin de les rendre plus accessibles et adaptés aux besoins réels des personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle, ainsi que de favoriser la fréquentation de la Grande Bibliothèque par celles-ci.

Cet article présente ce qu’est la déficience intellectuelle, l’accueil réservé en bibliothèque aux personnes vivant avec une déficience intellectuelle, ainsi que pourquoi et comment créer des activités adaptées à ces usagers. Des exemples tirés de l’expérience de la Grande Bibliothèque, mais aussi d’autres institutions au Québec et à travers le monde, illustrent le propos dans une perspective d’inclusion.
To the question of prosecutorial participation in hearing of civil cases by courts in the interests of an undetermined circle of people
Authors: Koreshnikova Nelli Rasulovna
Published: June 2020

The object of this research is the legal relations emerging in the process of protection of the rights of an undetermined circle of people in a court by competent officials from the prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation. The subject of this research is the sum of norms regulating prosecutorial participation in a civil proceeding for protection of rights of an undetermined circle of people, as well as theoretical and practical aspects of using legal means of the prosecutor in this sphere. It is determined that there are still instances in the process of prosecutorial participation in civil cases of erroneous interpretation of the “undetermined circle of people” by the subjects of law enforcement, which impedes the process of protection of the rights and freedoms of the undetermined circle of people by the Russian authorities. In the process of analyzing the rulings for 2019, the author outlines the qualifications for the undetermined circle of people, provides examples of improper interpretation of the concept of “undetermined circle of people” by the courts, and describes unequivocal typical statements of claim submitted by prosecutors in defense of undetermined circles of people, and cites mistakes made by authorized staff of the prosecutor’s office during filing.
Improving the skills of getting guns ready at firearms training lessons at educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Konstantinov Vladimir Nikolaevich , Egoshin Igor Viktorovich , Sysoev Aleksei Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2020

The subject of research is the firearms training technique of getting guns ready used at educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The purpose of the research is to scientifically substantiate and implement the technique of improving the skills of the students of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in getting guns ready promptly. The study revealed the problem of raising the level of firearms training which can be solved by means of using the technique of the improvement of physical coordination, extension of their sensor sharpness, i.e. the perception range. The special author’s contribution is the development and substantiation of means and techniques of training the students how to get guns ready quickly, as the currently used educational methods do not fully meet the real-life requirements of using guns. The research methods include: The analysis of scientific and procedural sources and generalization of information Questioning, surveying and interviewing Pedagogical testing Pedagogical observation and control Pedagogical experiment Mathematical and statistical processing of the results The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of the educational technique aimed at the improvement of students’ skills of getting guns ready by means of the improvement of reactions and physical coordination, extension of the perception range of the organs of senses. The practical significance of the research consists in the fact that they help organize individual training of shooters aimed at the improvement of their skills of getting guns ready. The results of the research can be used for a training and educational process at firearms training at educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.   
Homelessness and neglect: on the nature of the phenomena and the correlation between legal terms
Authors: Suponina Elena Aleksandrovna , Gerasimova Evgeniya Valerievna
Published: June 2020

The authors of the article carry out the normative and doctrinal analysis of the terms “homelessness” and “neglect”, and identify the reasons and conditions of these antisocial phenomena in Russian society.  The research object is the legal and pedagogical aspects of the process of prevention of neglect and homelessness of minors and the activities of public authorities both in Russia and abroad. The research subject is the terms “homelessness” and “neglect” as legal terms. Special attention is given to the reasons of homelessness and neglect of juveniles, in the first place, biological and social orphanage. The research is based on the dialectical, formal-logical (dogmatical), historical-legal, systems, linguistic and some other methods of scientific cognition. The priority methods were the sociological and formal-legal methods and the method of comparative jurisprudence. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that based on the analysis of legal and essential roots of the two phenomena, the authors conclude that despite being formalized, they require fundamental review of the approaches to study and identification. It is necessary to transform the understanding of the model of juvenile behaviour which is connected with the recently changed basic scientific approaches in pedagogical psychology and social pedagogics. Taking into account the size of the problem of orphanage, the authors suggest aiming public social politics not only at the protection of rights of orphans and their adoption, but also at avoiding the cases of deprivation of parental care. The most active instrument in this context is the prevention of social orphanage by the child protection services which includes pedagogical, psychological, legal, social, educational and medical assistance to families with and without family disadvantages risk factors.   
The improvement of organizational and legal mechanisms of admission of novice drivers to traffic on roads
Authors: Novgorodov Dmitrii , Tarasov Aleksandr
Published: June 2020

The research object is social relations connected with the admission of novice drivers to traffic on roads and the issue of driver’s licences. The research subject is the set of normative acts of the Russian Federation regulating the admission of drivers to traffic on roads, and the statistical data of the State Road Safety Unit on road accidents with novice drivers whose driving experience is up to 2 years. The authors analyse road accidents with novice drivers, identify the main reasons of accidents and offer the solutions to these problems. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that the analysis of traffic accidents helped to outline the problems that should be solved within the shortest possible time in order to reduce the number of road accidents caused by novice drivers. In this context, the authors suggest introducing changes into the legislation of the Russian Federation which would allow for the declaration of driver’s licences issued in other states invalid, as well as the exchange of non-Russian driver’s licences for Russian ones only after adequate training and passing the exams. Besides, the authors suggest introducing the possibility for juveniles who passed the exams to drive a vehicle before they arrive the age of 18 with particular restrictions and accompanied by an experienced driver.   
Training a safe response protocol of police officers in case of a threat of an attack with objects used as weapons
Authors: Udilov Timofei Vasil'evich
Published: June 2020

The research object is the course of action of a police officer in the face of an attack with objects used as weapons. The purpose of the research is the analysis of normative and educational materials and methodical literature describing the actions of a police officer in the face of an attack with objects used as weapons, meant to organize and consolidate into a single source the available data necessary for the study of actions of police officers in such situations. The research methods include the analysis of normative, educational and methodical literature, and the materials of mass media about the actions of police officers in the face of an attack with various objects used as weapons; the analysis and selection of the most appropriate tactical actions of police officers in the face of a threat of an attack with objects used as weapons. The author analyzes normative, educational and methodical literature, and the materials of mass media about the actions of police officers in the face of a threat of an attack with objects used as weapons. The author attempts to form a general idea of police officers training for actions involving the use of force, special equipment and firearms. The article considers the possible tactical actions of police officers in the face of a threat of an attack with objects used as weapons. 
A Formalism Reading of Maugham’s “The Three Fat Women of Antibes” and “Rain”
Authors: Al Matarneh Mohammad Abdullah
Published: June 2020

This paper focuses on a formalist analysis of Maugham’s two stories “The Three Fat Women of Antibes” and “Rain” and it offers a discussion of some major aspects of the work as a whole: genre, narration, character relations, and setting. The aim is to provide a sense of Maugham’s art of the short story with an assessment of the vital elements of what makes a short story successful in the work of William Somerset Maugham and an exploration of how his work exposes the experience. The main part of this manuscript provides a detailed analysis of selected short stories by Maugham. Especial emphasis is placed on the author’s gifted talents which shows the diversity of Maugham’s literary legacy that made him the most popular writer of his time. The study discloses that conducting a formalist analysis is supposed to be a good way in understanding literary works.
Severe airport sanitarian control could slow down the spreading of COVID-19 pandemics in Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Sérvio Pontes , Castro e Silva Alcides , Dáttilo Wesley , Reis Alexandre Barbosa , Góes-Neto Aristóteles , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior , Giovanetti Marta , Coura-Vital Wendel , Fernandes Geraldo Wilson , Azevedo Vasco Ariston C.
Published: June 2020

Background

We investigated a likely scenario of COVID-19 spreading in Brazil through the complex airport network of the country, for the 90 days after the first national occurrence of the disease. After the confirmation of the first imported cases, the lack of a proper airport entrance control resulted in the infection spreading in a manner directly proportional to the amount of flights reaching each city, following the first occurrence of the virus coming from abroad.

Methodology

We developed a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model divided in a metapopulation structure, where cities with airports were demes connected by the number of flights. Subsequently, we further explored the role of the Manaus airport for a rapid entrance of the pandemic into indigenous territories situated in remote places of the Amazon region.

Results

The expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus between cities was fast, directly proportional to the city closeness centrality within the Brazilian air transportation network. There was a clear pattern in the expansion of the pandemic, with a stiff exponential expansion of cases for all the cities. The more a city showed closeness centrality, the greater was its vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions

We discussed the weak pandemic control performance of Brazil in comparison with other tropical, developing countries, namely India and Nigeria. Finally, we proposed measures for containing virus spreading taking into consideration the scenario of high poverty.
O FRANCÊS NO QUEBEC: 40 ANOS DA CHARTE DE LA LANGUE FRANÇAISE (LEI 101)
Authors: Da Silva Sara Farias , Dabin Simon
Published: June 2020

O artigo apresenta um panorama político-linguístico da língua francesa no Quebec e discute os resultados reais e simbólicos do documento denominado Carta da Língua Francesa (La Charte de la Langue Française), ou Lei 101, criada e implementada em 1977 na sociedade quebequense. Essa lei, que reafirmou a identidade de uma minoria francófona em um território majoritariamente anglófono, o Canadá, também fez do francês a língua oficial do Quebec permitindo dessa forma a preservação e a promoção do francês, ou seja, le Fait Français, na sociedade quebequense. O artigo discute quatro principais questões que foram discursivizadas na comemoração dos 40 anos de La Charte de la Langue Française, principalmente no que diz respeito à imigração, ao uso crescente do inglês, aos conflitos entre gerações e ao futuro do francês no Quebec.
Зондирующий спектральный измеритель флюоресценции и рассеяния, испытания в лабораторных и полевых условиях, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Кудинов О. Б. , Мартынов О. В. , Ли Р. И.
Published: June 2020

С целью проведения экологического мониторинга и получения оперативных данных о состоянии исследуемой акватории был создан зондирующий спектральный измеритель флюоресценции и рассеяния света. Он позволяет одновременно проводить измерения флюоресценции фитопланктона, растворенного органического вещества и рассеяния света в морской воде, в спектральном диапазоне, охватывающем область от ближнего ультрафиолета до красной границы видимого спектра. Получение спектров указанных параметров производятся в одном и том же измерительном объеме, что избавляет от необходимости согласовывать полученные сигналы по объёму флюоресцирующего вещества. Результаты проверки функционирования прибора в лабораторных условиях на образцах монокультур фитопланктона, обитающего в водах Чёрного моря, показали хорошее совпадение измерений с литературными данными. В ходе испытаний прибора во время 106-го рейса на НИС «Профессор Водяницкий» весной 2019 г. были произведены измерения на 77 гидрологических станциях следующих параметров: профилей вертикального распределения флюоресценции фитопланктона; растворённого органического вещества и упругого рассеяния света. В результате были получены сведения о вертикальном распределении измеряемых параметров на исследованных акваториях Чёрного моря. Результаты проведённых испытаний представленного измерителя позволили апробировать техническое исполнение и методологию работы с данным измерителем.
Investigating the Effects of Hearing Loss and Hearing Aid Digital Delay on Sound-Induced Flash Illusion
Authors: Moradi Vahid , Kheirkhah Kiana , Farahani Saeid , Kavianpour Iman
Published: June 2020

Background and Objectives: The integration of auditory-visual speech information improves speech perception; however, if the auditory system input is disrupted due to hearing loss, auditory and visual inputs cannot be fully integrated. Additionally, temporal coincidence of auditory and visual input is a significantly important factor in integrating the input of these two senses. Time delayed acoustic pathway caused by the signal passing through digital signal processing. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of hearing loss and hearing aid digital delay circuit on sound-induced flash illusion. Subjects and Methods: A total of 13 adults with normal hearing, 13 with mild to moderate hearing loss, and 13 with moderate to severe hearing loss were enrolled in this study. Subsequently, the sound-induced flash illusion test was conducted, and the results were analyzed. Results: The results showed that hearing aid digital delay and hearing loss had no detrimental effect on sound-induced flash illusion.Conclusions: Transmission velocity and neural transduction rate of the auditory inputs decreased in patients with hearing loss. Hence, the integrating auditory and visual sensory cannot be combined completely. Although the transmission rate of the auditory sense input was approximately normal when the hearing aid was prescribed. Thus, it can be concluded that the processing delay in the hearing aid circuit is insufficient to disrupt the integration of auditory and visual information.
The Relativistic Cyclotron Radiation in the Circular Rotating Frame of the Moving Heavy Particle
Authors: Sfarti A.
Published: June 2020

In the current paper we tackle the task of determining the formula for the cyclotron radiation as measured from a frame co-moving with the particle being accelerated. In the case of cyclotrons, as opposed to synchrotrons, the magnetic field is constant, resulting into spiral trajectories for light particle, like electrons and into circular trajectories for heavier particles, like protons, as we will demonstrate in the current paper. This due to the fact that the braking force is a very small percentage of the accelerating (Lorentz) force, as will be shown later in our paper. These proofs have never been attempted before owing to the difficulty of dealing with rotating frames. Our paper is divided into two main sections, the first section deals with cyclotron radiation measured in the inertial frame of the lab, the second section deals with cyclotron radiation as measured in a frame co-rotating with the particle along a circular path, at a uniform speed.
Evaluation of Natural Radioactive Dose Levels and Associated Annual Effective Dose Rates in Ingested Foodstuffs at Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: O. Samson D. , F. Anazia A.
Published: June 2020

Measurement of radioactive contamination in some commonly consumed foodstuffs within the six area councils of Abuja, Nigeria was conducted in this study by means of a very sensitive and portable 3M/3-X Geiger Müller counter-based environmental radiation dosimeter. Eight different food samples were randomly selected in each of the sample locations making a total of 48 foodstuffs samples surveyed across the six area councils. The results obtained show that, the range of radiation dose levels in the analyzed samples varied from 0.01590.0001 to 0.34070.0002 μSvy-1 at Bwari; 0.14900.0001 to 0.39020.0002 μSvy-1 at AMAC; 0.00950.0001 to 0.02090.0001 μSvy-1 at Gwagwalada; 0.00570.0001 to 0.01330.0002  μSvy-1 at Kuje; 0.02740.0001 to 0.22710.0002 μSvy-1 at Abaji; Kwali was between 0.01820.0001 and 0.35030.0002 μSvy-1, and their corresponding arithmetic mean are 0.16900.0001 μSvy-1, 0.22560.0001 μSvy-1, 0.01330.0001 μSvy-1, 0.00880.0001 μSvy-1, 0.13600.0001 μSvy-1 and 0.12370.0001 μSvy-1, which gives estimated annual effective dose rates of 0.18850.0003 mSvy-1, 0.25760.0001 mSvy-1, 0.11700.0001 mSvy-1, 0.07710.0001 mSvy-1, 0.15530.0002 mSvy-1, and 0.14120.0001 mSvy-1 for Bwari, AMAC, Gwagwalada, Kuje, Abaji and Kwali area councils respectively. This finding reveals that the obtained values were sufficiently less than the maximum recommended global average exposure dose limit for environmental background (2.4 mSvy-1) and general public dose limit (1.0 mSvy-1). The radiation dose levels and dose rates associated with the intake of foodstuffs across the area councils are, therefore, relatively low and may not pose any immediate radiological health hazard to the populace, as deterministic radiation effects occur only in extreme cases.
Scaled-up Analysis of Surface Refractivity across West Africa
Authors: Ajileye O. O.
Published: June 2020

The scaled-up analysis of surface refractivity over a period of 22 years (1983 – 2005) for different climatic zones in West Africa was calculated using the results of surface refractivity at 2 m, and 10 m averaged monthly and annually. The annual surface refractivity normalised value is 0.91 for Z2/Z1, 0.97 for Z3/Z1, and 0.94 for Z4/Z1 at 2 m while the normalised value of surface refractivity is 1.00 for Z2/Z1, 0.98 for Z3/Z1, and 0.96 for Z4/Z1 at 10 m. At 10 m, the value is relatively constant. The monthly variation shows that surface refractivity reduced as latitude increases in West Africa except in wet months for climatic zone 3 at 2 m and wet months in climatic zone 2 at 10 m. The wet months had a characteristic of reduction in normalised surface refractivity value with most severe reduction within latitudes 10°N and 15°N. This decrease in refractivity across the latitude translates into an increase in the velocity of terrestrial propagation across the latitude, resulting in excessive bending of electromagnetic waves toward the earth's surface, along curves with radii less than the radius of the earth.
Study of (p,n) Reaction in a Wide Energy Range
Authors: El-Nohy N. A. , El-Hammamy M. N. , Diab S. , El-Shinawy A. M.
Published: June 2020

In this paper, the quasi-elastic scattering (p, n) reactions are studied for a wide range of target nuclei 13C, 14C, 48Ca, 90Zr and 208Pb and different incident energies (35-160 MeV). The phenomenological Optical model potential and density independent approaches are used for these calculations in comparison with density dependent semi-microscopic approach. The density dependent parameters are modified to achieve the best calculations for many targets at different energy levels.
Evaluation of Wind Potential for the Generation of Electricity in Aliero, Kebbi State
Authors: Yahaya A. A. , Bello I. M. , Mudassir N. , Mohammed I. , Mukhtar M. I.
Published: June 2020

One of the major developments in the technology today is the wind turbine that generates electricity and feed it directly to the grid which is used in many part of the world. The main purpose of this work is to determine the wind potential for electricity generation in Aliero, Kebbi state. Five years Data (2014-2018) was collected from the metrological weather station (Campell Scientific Model), the equipment installed at Kebbi State University of Science And Technology Aliero The data was converted to monthly and annual averages, and compared with the threshold average wind speed values that can only generate electricity in both vertical and horizontal wind turbines. The highest average wind speed 2.81 m/s was obtained in the month of January and the minimum average wind speed of 1.20 m/s in the month of October. Mean annual wind speed measured in the study area shows that there has been an increase in the wind speed from 2014 which peaked in 2015 and followed by sudden decrease to a minimum seasonal value in the year 2016. The highest wind direction is obtained from the North North-East (NNE) direction. From the results of wind power density it shows that we have highest wind power density in month of January and December with  0.8635 w/ m2 and 0.8295 w/ m2 respectively, while lowest wind power density in the month of October and September with 0.6780 w/ m2 and 0.6575 w/ m2  respectively. Result of the type Wind Turbine to be selected in the study area shows that the site is not viable for power generation using a horizontal wind turbine but the vertical wind turbine will be suitable for the generation of electricity.
Editorial
Authors: Gordilho Heron
Published: June 2020

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LAS NORMAS APLICABLES EN ESPAÑA ANTE EL COVID-19: UN ESTUDIO JURÍDICO APLICABLE ANTE LA CIUDADANIA ESPAÑOLA Y, LOS EXTRANJEROS RESIDENTES EN EL TERRITORIO NACIONAL
Authors: Ferrer Salvador Morales
Published: June 2020

Desde los inicios de la humanidad el hombre siempre sufrió una serie de enfermedades, en este Siglo XXI en que vivimos por causas naturales la humanidad esta siendo castigada por la pandemia del coronavirus o, llamado Covid-19, a todo esto España es uno de los países más afectados en Europa después de Italia por eso, el Gobierno Español ha intentado frenarlo mediante medidas legislativas entre estas normas el Real Decreto 463/2020 de 14 de marzo, por el que se declara el estado de alarma para la gestión de la situación de crisis sanitaria ocasionada por el Covid-19, creando así el estado de alarma como medida de protección para los ciudadanos y ciudadanas españolas, como medida para que esta pandemia no se expanda en el territorio nacional , mediante la limitación de ciertos Derechos Fundamentales de la Constitución Española.
DO “HOMO CONSUMERICUS” AO SER BIOÉTICO: A FUNÇÃO SOCIAL DOS CONTRATOS DE CONSUMO SOB O VIÉS DA PROTEÇÃO DO MEIO AMBIENTE
Authors: De Holanda Fábio Campelo Conrado , De Freitas Ana Virginia Porto
Published: June 2020

Discute-se de que forma o direito do consumidor à informação se relaciona com a proteção jurídica do meio ambiente. Busca-se demonstrar que a criação de uma cultura de consumo sustentável exige a afirmação ampla dos direitos à informação e à liberdade de escolha, como garantias instrumentais à sustentabilidade. Identifica-se que, sem liberdade e informação, o sujeito é mero consumidor passivo, consumista indiferente aos impactos do consumo no meio ambiente. A pesquisa tem natureza teórica, indutiva e qualitativa, a partir de revisão bibliográfica. Serão analisados conceitos da sociedade para o consumo, relacionando-os a formação de uma identidade consumista indiferente ao consumo sustentável. Por fim, se discutirá a necessidade de aperfeiçoamente de mecanismos jurídicos que resguardem direitos personalíssimos do consumidor com vistas à promoção de padrões consumeristas mais saudáveis e sustentáveis.
Down‐regulation of PDGFRβ suppresses invasion and migration in osteosarcoma cells by influencing epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Xing Sining , Wang Changdong , Tang Huying , Guo Jiaqi , Liu Xing , Yi Faping , Liu Geli , Wu Xiangmei
Published: June 2020

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor primarily influencing children and adults. Approximately one‐fifth of patients have micrometastasis in the lungs when OS is diagnosed. Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) beta (PDGFRβ) is a subtype of PDGFR. PDGFRβ has been noted to be highly expressed in OS cell lines and patient specimens, and is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis of OS. However, mechanistic insights into the exact role of PDGFRβ in OS pathogenesis and development are still lacking. Here we assessed the effects of PDGFRβ on invasive and migratory abilities, such as the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in HOS cells. Depleting PDGFRβ resulted in reduced migration of HOS cells in the small interfering RNA duplexes specific for the PDGFRβ group compared with the mock and scramble‐treated groups in Transwell invasion assays. Using wound‐healing assays, we demonstrate the rate of wound healing in the PDGF‐BB‐stimulated group was higher compared with the mock‐treated group. Western blot showed that down‐regulation of PDGFRβ decreased the expression of stromal phenotype markers and phosphorylation pathway proteins (PI3K, AKT and mTOR), but the epithelial phenotype marker was increased in HOS cells. Treating HOS cells with PDGF‐BB revealed a treatment time‐dependent increase of phosphorylated, but not total, PI3K, AKT and mTOR. Taken together, we suggest that PDGFRβ plays an important role in OS invasion, migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition by influencing the PI3K, Akt and mTOR pathways, hence highlighting PDGFRβ as a potential therapeutic target for OS.
2D Derivative Phase Induced Growth of 3D All Inorganic Perovskite Micro–Nanowire Array Based Photodetectors
Authors: Tong Guoqing , Jiang Maowei , Son Dae‐Yong , Ono Luis K. , Qi Yabing
Published: June 2020

A large number of derivative phases in inorganic perovskites are reported with special structures and extraordinary performances in photoelectronic device applications. The reverse phase transition between derivative phases and perovskites usually induces recrystallization or forms mixed components. In this work, derivative phase‐induced growth of the CsPbBr3 micro–nanowire (MW) array by utilizing phase transition of the 2D CsPb2Br5 phase is reported. Owing to its layered structure and phase transition, annealing of CsPb2Br5 at a temperature of 550 °C combined with solvent quenching leads to a templating effect to form a high‐quality CsBr MW array. Subsequent PbBr2 deposition and the second annealing are employed to form aligned CsPbBr3 MW arrays. Based on this method, a CsPbBr3 MW array‐based photodetector is fabricated. The large grain size, less grain boundaries, and lower surface potential of the CsPbBr3 MW array lead to high device performance with a responsivity of 7.66 A W−1, a detectivity of ≈1012 Jones, and long‐term operational stability over 1900 min.
2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Design, Modulation, and Challenges in Electrocatalysis
Authors: Fu Qiang , Han Jiecai , Wang Xianjie , Xu Ping , Yao Tai , Zhong Jun , Zhong Wenwu , Liu Shengwei , Gao Tangling , Zhang Zhihua , Xu Lingling , Song Bo
Published: June 2020

Hydrogen has been deemed as an ideal substitute fuel to fossil energy because of its renewability and the highest energy density among all chemical fuels. One of the most economical, ecofriendly, and high‐performance ways of hydrogen production is electrochemical water splitting. Recently, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (also known as 2D TMDs) showed their utilization potentiality as cost‐effective hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts in water electrolysis. Herein, recent representative research efforts and systematic progress made in 2D TMDs are reviewed, and future opportunities and challenges are discussed. Furthermore, general methods of synthesizing 2D TMDs materials are introduced in detail and the advantages and disadvantages for some specific methods are provided. This explanation includes several important regulation strategies of creating more active sites, heteroatoms doping, phase engineering, construction of heterostructures, and synergistic modulation which are capable of optimizing the electrical conductivity, exposure to the catalytic active sites, and reaction energy barrier of the electrode material to boost the HER kinetics. In the last section, the current obstacles and future chances for the development of 2D TMDs electrocatalysts are proposed to provide insight into and valuable guidelines for fabricating effective HER electrocatalysts.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of n‐Type Organic Semiconductor via Electric Field Modulated Photo‐Thermoelectric Effect
Authors: Zhao Wenrui , Zhang Fengjiao , Dai Xiaojuan , Jin Wenlong , Xiang Lanyi , Ding Jiamin , Wang Xian , Wan Yan , Shen Hongguang , He Zihan , Wang Juan , Gao Xike , Zou Ye , Di Chong‐an , Zhu Daoben
Published: June 2020

Modulating photophysical processes is a fundamental way for tuning performance of many organic devices. However, it has not been explored as an effective strategy to manipulate the thermoelectric (TE) conversion of organic semiconductors (OSCs) owing to their critical requirement to carrier concentration (>1018 cm−3) and the fact of low exciton separation efficiency in single element OSCs. Here, an electric field modulated photo‐thermoelectric (P‐TE) effect in an n‐type OSC is demonstrated to realize a significant improvement of TE performance. The electrical and spectroscopy characterizations reveal that the electric field gating generates combined modulation of exciton separation, charge screening, and carrier recombination, which produces a more than ten times improvement of photoinduced carrier concentration. These coupled processes contribute to the unconventional Seebeck coefficient (S)‐electrical conductivity (σ) trade‐off relationship of the photoexcited films, therefore leading to a more than 500% enhancement in the power factor for n‐type OTE semiconductors. This work opens a unique way toward state‐of‐the‐art organic P‐TE materials for energy harvesting applications.
Recent Advances in Perovskite‐Based Building‐Integrated Photovoltaics
Authors: Batmunkh Munkhbayar , Zhong Yu Lin , Zhao Huijun
Published: June 2020

Perovskite‐based solar cells have attracted great attention due to their low cost and high photovoltaic (PV) performance. In addition to their success in the PV sector, there has been growing interest in employing perovskites in energy‐efficient smart windows and other building technologies owing to their large absorption coefficient and color tunability. The major challenge lies in integrating perovskite materials into windows and building facades and combining them with added functionalities while maintaining their remarkable power conversion efficiencies. Herein, advances that have been made in the application of perovskites to building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) in four areas are highlighted: semitransparent windows, colorful wall facades, electrochromic windows, and thermochromic windows. In addition, the opportunities and challenges of this cutting‐edge research area and important roadmaps for the future use of perovskites in BIPVs are discussed.
In Situ TEM Study on Conversion‐Type Electrodes for Rechargeable Ion Batteries
Authors: Cui Jiang , Zheng Hongkui , He Kai
Published: June 2020

Conversion‐type materials have been considered as potentially high‐energy‐density alternatives to commercially dominant intercalation‐based electrodes for rechargeable ion batteries and have attracted tremendous research effort to meet the performance for viable energy‐storage technologies. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been extensively employed to provide mechanistic insights into understanding the behavior of battery materials. Noticeably, a great portion of previous in situ TEM studies has been focused on conversion‐type materials, but a dedicated review for this group of materials is missing in the literature. Herein, recent developments of in situ TEM techniques for investigation of dynamic phase transformation and associated structural, morphological, and chemical evolutions during conversion reactions with alkali ions in secondary batteries are comprehensively summarized. The materials of interest broadly cover metal oxides, chalcogenides, fluorides, phosphides, nitrides, and silicates with specific emphasis on spinel metal oxides and recently emerged 2D metal chalcogenides. Special focus is placed on the scientific findings that are uniquely obtained by in situ TEM to address fundamental questions and practical issues regarding phase transformation, structural evolution, electrochemical redox, reaction mechanism, kinetics, and degradation. Critical challenges and perspectives are discussed for advancing new knowledge that can bridge the gap between prototype materials and real‐world applications.
A Garnet‐Type Solid‐Electrolyte‐Based Molten Lithium−Molybdenum−Iron(II) Chloride Battery with Advanced Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Xu Jing , Liu Kai , Jin Yang , Sun Bin , Zhang Zili , Chen Yi , Su Dawei , Wang Guoxiu , Wu Hui , Cui Yi
Published: June 2020

Solid‐electrolyte‐based molten‐metal batteries have attracted considerable attention for grid‐scale energy storage. Although ZEBRA batteries are considered one of the promising candidates, they still have the potential concern of metal particle growth and ion exchange with the β”‐Al2O3 electrolyte. Herein, a Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 solid‐electrolyte‐based molten lithium−molybdenum−iron(II) chloride battery (denoted as Li−Mo−FeCl2) operated at temperature of 250 °C, comprising a mixture of Fe and LiCl cathode materials, a Li anode, a garnet‐type Li‐ion ceramic electrolyte, and Mo additive, is designed to overcome these obstacles. Different from conventional battery reaction mechanisms, this battery revolutionarily synchronizes the reversible Fe−Mo alloying−dealloying reactions with the delithiation−lithiation processes, meaning that the porous Mo framework derived from Fe−Mo alloy simultaneously suppresses the growth of pure Fe particles. By adopting a Li anode and a Li‐ion ceramic electrolyte, the corrosion problem between the cathode and the solid electrolyte is overcome. With similar battery cost ($12 kWh−1), the theoretical energy density of Li−Mo−FeCl2 battery surpasses that of a Na−FeCl2 ZEBRA battery over 25%, to 576 Wh kg−1 and 2216 Wh L−1, respectively. Experimental results further prove this cell has excellent cycling performance (472 mAh gLiCl−1 after 300 cycles, 50 mg active material) and strong tolerance against the overcharge−overdischarge (3−1.6 V) and freezing−thawing (25−250 °C) incidents.
Bioactive‐Tissue‐Derived Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Permanent Arterial Embolization and Enhanced Vascular Healing
Authors: Hu Jingjie , Altun Izzet , Zhang Zefu , Albadawi Hassan , Salomao Marcela A. , Mayer Joseph L. , Hemachandra L. P. Madhubhani P. , Rehman Suliman , Oklu Rahmi
Published: June 2020

Transcatheter embolization is a minimally invasive procedure that uses embolic agents to intentionally block diseased or injured blood vessels for therapeutic purposes. Embolic agents in clinical practice are limited by recanalization, risk of non‐target embolization, failure in coagulopathic patients, high cost, and toxicity. Here, a decellularized cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM)‐based nanocomposite hydrogel is developed to provide superior mechanical stability, catheter injectability, retrievability, antibacterial properties, and biological activity to prevent recanalization. The embolic efficacy of the shear‐thinning ECM‐based hydrogel is shown in a porcine survival model of embolization in the iliac artery and the renal artery. The ECM‐based hydrogel promotes arterial vessel wall remodeling and a fibroinflammatory response while undergoing significant biodegradation such that only 25% of the embolic material remains at 14 days. With its unprecedented proregenerative, antibacterial properties coupled with favorable mechanical properties, and its superior performance in anticoagulated blood, the ECM‐based hydrogel has the potential to be a next‐generation biofunctional embolic agent that can successfully treat a wide range of vascular diseases.
Efficient, Flexible, and Ultra‐Lightweight Inverted PbS Quantum Dots Solar Cells on All‐CVD‐Growth of Parylene/Graphene/oCVD PEDOT Substrate with High Power‐per‐Weight
Authors: Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi , Gharahcheshmeh Meysam Heydari , Moody Nicole , Bawendi Moungi G. , Gleason Karen K. , Kong Jing
Published: June 2020

Ultra‐lightweight and flexible solar cells are desired for many potential applications, such as self‐powered aviation, wearable electronics, and the Internet of things. PbS quantum dots (QDs) are good candidates for this purpose due to their low‐cost and low‐temperature processing. In this work, a thin layer of parylene (1 µm) is deposited on a poly(ethylene teraphthalate) (PET) substrate using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and is employed as a flexible substrate for PbS QDs solar cell. Here, the commonly used ITO electrode in the QDs photovoltaics (PVs) is replaced by CVD‐graphene and its wettability issue is addressed using a thin layer of oxidative CVD poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) (oCVD PEDOT), which also works as second hole transporting layer in the device. Inverted PbS QDs device is fabricated on PET/parylene/graphene/oCVD PEDOT stack and finally by removing the PET substrate, an ultra‐lightweight PbS QDs solar cell is achieved. Using this architecture, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.1% and a power‐per‐weight of 12.3 W g−1 are achieved. Additionally, the QDs device on graphene shows good flexibility as compared to the device on PET/ITO. This work highlights the advantages of oCVD PEDOT and CVD‐graphene for the fabrication of flexible and ultralight weight photostatics.
Biomass‐Derived Aromatics by Solid Acid‐Catalyzed Aldol Condensation of Alkyl Methyl Ketones
Authors: Reif Phillip , Rosenthal Hannah , Rose Marcus
Published: June 2020

Cyclotrimerization of biomass‐based alkyl methyl ketones exhibits great potential as a route to biomass‐derived aromatics by a sustainable valorization of biorefinery streams. In this study, acetone is used as a model reagent to screen solid acid catalysts for the aldol condensation reaction to the aromatic trimer mesitylene. From a broad catalyst screening promising activity is shown by the cation exchange resin Purolite CT275DR, the beta‐zeolite H‐BEA 35, and aluminosilicate Siralox 70/170 HPV which are used to further investigate reaction parameters. Acetone conversion and mesitylene yield increase with temperature and time, while yield of the intermediate mesityl oxide decreases. This effect is also found for higher quantities of catalyst acid sites and is accompanied with an increased side product formation which negatively affects total product selectivity. Analyzing the reaction progress shows a significant drop in catalyst productivity after an initial start‐up phase. This observation is linked to a deactivation of the catalyst which involves water that is formed during the condensation reaction of acetone. Obtained results confirm the general viability of the aromatization of alkyl methyl ketones and can be considered the first step to an alternative sustainable route to biomass‐derived aromatics compared to other currently discussed routes.
Robust Anti‐Tumor T Cell Response with Efficient Intratumoral Infiltration by Nanodisc Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Kuai Rui , Singh Priti B. , Sun Xiaoqi , Xu Cheng , Hassani Najafabadi Alireza , Scheetz Lindsay , Yuan Wenmin , Xu Yao , Hong Hao , Keskin Derin B. , Wu Catherine J. , Jain Renu , Schwendeman Anna , Moon James J.
Published: June 2020

Potent anti‐tumor T cell response and efficient intratumoral T cell infiltration are the major challenges for therapeutic cancer vaccines. To address these issues, a nanovaccine system is designed to promote anti‐tumor T cell responses, and intratumoral infiltration is examined in various murine tumor models. Subcutaneous vaccination with nanodiscs carrying human papillomavirus (HPV)‐16 E7 antigen elicits as high as ∼32% E7‐specific CD8α+ T cell responses in circulation, representing a 29‐fold improvement over the soluble peptide vaccination. Importantly, nanodisc vaccination also promotes robust intratumoral T cell infiltration and eliminates HPV16 E6/E7‐expressing TC‐1 tumors at mucosal sites, including lungs, inner lip, and intravaginal tissues. In a benchmark study with a live Listeria vaccine combined with anti‐PD‐1 IgG, nanodiscs plus anti‐PD‐1 immune checkpoint blockade elicits comparable levels of T cell responses with anti‐tumor efficacy. Furthermore, compared with Complete Freund's Adjuvant combined with tetanus toxoid, nanodisc vaccination in HLA‐A02 mice generates >200‐fold stronger IFN‐γ+ T cell responses against a neoantigen from an HLA‐A02 melanoma patient. Overall, these results show that the nanodisc system is a promising cancer vaccine platform for inducing anti‐tumor T cell responses.
Agronomic assessment of cover cropping and tillage practices across environments
Authors: Behnke Gevan D. , Kim Nakian , Villamil María B.
Published: June 2020

Cover crops (CCs) are considered one of the few agronomic strategies to help reduce environmental pollution, while improving soil properties. However, the use of tillage could negate those benefits entirely. Therefore, the goal of this study was to monitor soil properties and cash crop yields from five different CC rotations compared to fallow controls throughout Illinois. A split‐block arrangement of tillage (chisel tillage vs. no‐till) and CC rotations (six levels) in a randomized complete block design with four replications was set within each phase of the corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation at six locations, spanning 2–5 yr. Spring biomass was greatest in the CC rotations with cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) due to the four times greater survival percentage. Rotations with annual ryegrass reduced soil nitrate compared to bare fallows. Yet, the freshly added CC biomass only produced minimal increases in soil organic matter (SOM) compared to the other CC species. This rotation also reduces corn yields as is commonly observed when growing a grass CC species before a grass cash crop (corn). Chisel tillage was found to increase corn yields and reduce soil P levels compared to no‐tilled plots regardless of CC rotation. In contrast, soybean yields were not affected by CCs or tillage options. With few choices of CCs that can overwinter in Illinois, our study provides necessary information to evaluate CC management practices and re‐evaluate our current strategies.