bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Перенос энергии от Ce-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- к Tb-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- в ортоборатах иттрия и гадолиния, полученных гидротермальным синтезом
Authors: Шмурак С.З. , Кедров В.В. , Киселев А.П. , Фурсова Т.Н. , Рыбченко О.Г.
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe studied the structure, IR absorption spectra, the spectral characteristics of photoluminescence and morphology of cerium- and terbium-doped orthoborates of gadolinium and yttrium obtained by hydrothermal synthesis at 200°C, as well as solid solutions of orthoborates on the basis of yttrium, gadolinium, and lutetium with composition RECe_0.01Tb_0.1BO_3 (RE = Lu_0.5Gd_0.39, Lu_0.5Y_0.39, and Y_0.5Gd_0.39). The X-ray diffraction spectrum of yttrium orthoborate Y_1 – _ x  _– _ y Ce_ x Tb_ y BO_3 is described by a hexagonal lattice with space group P 6_3/ m , which, after annealing at 970°C, transforms into a monoclinic lattice with space group C 2/ c . High-temperature annealing of the studied orthoborates leads to a multiple, more than two orders of magnitude, increase in the luminescence intensity of Tb^3+ ions when the samples are excited in the absorption band of cerium ions. This effect is the result of a significant increase in the concentration of Ce^3+ ions in the orthoborates at high temperatures. It is shown that the luminescence of terbium ions is due to energy transfer from Ce^3+ to Tb^3+, which proceeds with high efficiency (∼85%) by the mechanism of dipole-dipole interaction between cerium and terbium.
Спектры собственных волн анизотропного цилиндрического твердотельного волновода
Authors: Аверков Ю.О. , Прокопенко Ю.В. , Яковенко В. М.
Published: December 2018

AbstractDispersion properties of eigenwaves of an anisotropic cylindrical solid-state waveguide without frequency dispersion in permittivity tensor components have been analyzed theoretically. The classification of waves has been performed. E type bulk–surface eigenwaves with negative group velocities have been found. The conditions for their existence have been determined. The existence in the waveguide of E -type surface eigenwaves and pseudo-surface eigenwaves of E- and H -types has been shown.
Оценка интенсивности электромагнитного излучения шаровой молнии
Authors: Григорьев А.И. , Ширяева С.О.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe maximum intensity of electromagnetic microwave radiation of ball lightning has been determined in regards to order of magnitude based on the properties of ball lightning taken from the descriptions of its existence in the natural environment. The movement of charged particles along curvilinear paths inside ball lightning can be considered as a physical mechanism of the generation of microwave radiation.
Граничное значение поля, разделяющее области подкритических и глубоко подкритических видов СВЧ-разряда, зажигаемого на диэлектрической поверхности
Authors: Булат П.В. , Грачев Л.П. , Есаков И.И. , Раваев А.А.
Published: December 2018

AbstractMicrowave discharges initiated by an electromagnetic (EM) vibrator and ignited on the inner surface of a dielectric tube in a quasi-optical EM beam are experimentally studied. A threshold level of the microwave field that separates domains of subcritical and deeply subcritical microwave discharges is determined in experiments. Experiments show that streamer channels of the subcritical discharge propagate from the initiator along the propagation direction of the EM wave and in the opposite direction under certain conditions. Variations in the power of the microwave beam can be used to change length of the plasma region of the subcritical discharge along the wave vector of the microwave beam and control the level of the EM energy absorbed in the plasma regions of the deeply subcritical microwave discharge.
Тепловые и упругие свойства смешанных оксидов Ce-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Th-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-: самосогласованный термодинамический подход
Authors: Филанович А.Н. , Повзнер А.А.
Published: December 2018

AbstractA self-consistent thermodynamic model of thorium dioxide and its dilute alloy Ce_0.05Th_0.95O_2, which are of great importance for atomic power engineering, has been constructed based on generalized Debye and Einstein models. In terms of this model, the temperature dependences of the bulk modulus, density, and heat capacity of the systems have been obtained. The anharmonicity of the acoustical and optical modes of the crystal lattice and its change in passing from ThO_2 to Ce_0.05Th_0.95O_2 has been discussed.
Кристаллографические особенности структуры alpha-фазы гафния и сплавов гафний--титан
Authors: Хлебникова Ю.В. , Родионов Д.П. , Егорова Л.Ю. , Суаридзе Т.Р.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe structure of a hafnium crystal undergoing β → α (bcc → hcp) polymorphic transformation upon gradual cooling and the structure of Hf_55Ti_45 and Hf_30Ti_70 alloys formed under various kinetic conditions of polymorphic transformation are studied. The structure of the α phase in cast hafnium is shown to consist of lath crystals grouped into packets. The misorientations between separate laths in a packet are less than 1°. The Hf–Ti alloys in the cast state exhibit a mixed structure consisting of α-phase crystals of several morphological types. A structure of packet martensite is observed in the Hf–Ti alloys after quenching. Each packet includes laths of several crystallographic orientations. There is no regular alternation of differently orientated laths in the packet. The same set of α-phase orientations within an initial β-phase grain is observed independently of the cooling rate of the Hf–Ti alloys upon β → α polymorphic transformation. The misorientation of substructural elements within an α-phase crystal in the Hf–Ti alloys is ~5° for the cast state and ~2.2° after quenching.
Диагностика разрушения армированного бетона в условиях изгиба по параметрам электрического отклика на ударное воздействие
Authors: Фурса Т.В. , Данн Д.Д. , Петров М.В. , Соколовский А.Н.
Published: December 2018

AbstractRegularities of changes in the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete in the process of testing for four-point bending have been studied. The change in characteristics of the electric response to an impact action in the process of a sequential increase in the external load has been analyzed. Regularities in the relation between parameters of the electric response to the impact action and stages of the stress-strain state of reinforced beams in the process of bending have been revealed. Criteria of determining stages of reinforced beam destruction by parameters of the electric response are proposed.
Многослойные полевые эмиттеры, изготовленные из приведенных в контакт нанослоев гафния и платины
Authors: Соминский Г.Г. , Сезонов В.Е. , Тарадаев С.П. , Вдовичев С.Н.
Published: December 2018

AbstractNovel field emitters made of contacting hafnium and platinum layers have been studied. Calculations aimed at optimizing the characteristics of the multilayer emitters have been conducted. Field emission currents up to 2.0–2.5 mA at a (tentative) current density of up to 200 A/cm^2 have been achieved. It has been shown that the field emission current can be significantly increased by summing current from several multilayer systems.
Болометрические приемники инфракрасного и терагерцового излучения с поглотителями, обладающими частотной дисперсией проводимости
Authors: Демьяненко М.А.
Published: December 2018

AbstractApplication of thin metal absorbers allows one to significantly increase the absorption coefficient and sensitivity of matrix THz microbolometric detectors. It is shown that absorbers characterized by frequency dispersion of conductivity, in contrast to conventional nondispersive absorbers, can provide almost total IR absorption retaining high sensitivity in the THz range.
Прямое наблюдение квазилокализованной низкочастотной колебательной моды в спектре возбуждения флуоресценции одиночной примесной молекулы в полимерной матрице-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Савостьянов А.О. , Еремчев И.Ю. , Горшелев А.А. , Орлов С.В. , Старухин А.С. , Наумов А.В.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe possibility of direct observation of a quasi-localized elementary excitation of the phonon type in polyisobutylene has been demonstrated by detecting the fluorescence excitation spectrum of a Mg‑tetrazaporphyrin single probe molecule in a wide spectral range at a temperature of 6 K. The parameters of the quasilocalized low-frequency vibrational mode have been measured—the frequency (energy) in the case, when impurity molecule is in excited electronic state (ω_ e = 13.94 ± 0.21 cm^–1) and the halfwidth of the mode spectrum (γ = 3.82 ± 0.66 cm^–1). The measured energy of the low-frequency vibrational mode coincides with the position of a boson peak maximum in the spectrum of vibrational states of the polymer, which indicates that the weak coupling approach can be applied to the considered case of the electron–phonon interaction of an organic dye molecule with the local environment in a polymer matrix.
Компенсация глобального дрейфа в длительных измерениях во флуоресцентной наноскопии квантовых точек-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Баев А.А. , Роженцов А.А.
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn approach to improving the accuracy of image processing of fluorescent shimmering single quantum dots is presented. It is based on estimating the parameters of a function describing global drift using information on a sufficiently long series of images of single quantum dots. The results of processing a series of frames obtained in experiments with single CdSe/ZnS quantum dots are presented.
Отложенная регистрация фотолюминесценции нанофосфоров как платформа для оптического биоимиджинга-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Хайдуков Е.В. , Болдырев К.Н. , Хайдуков К.В. , Крылов И.В. , Ашарчук И.М. , Савельев А.Г. , Рочева В.В. , Каримов Д.Н. , Нечаев А.В. , Звягин А.В.
Published: December 2018

AbstractDetection systems with deferred registration of luminescence signals are promising for performing complex tasks of imaging of biological objects due to their simplicity and low cost. In the present work, β‑NaYF_4:Tm^3+Yb^3+/NaYF_4 nanocrystals with anti-Stokes photoluminescence have been used in deferred registration systems. It has been shown that there is a significant time delay between the exciting laser pulse and luminescence signal, which makes it possible to use this class of nanoparticles in the creation of wide-field imaging systems with deferred registration. The possibility of using nanoparticles for detecting a photoluminescence signal in the second transparency window of biotissue has been demonstrated. This system can be based on the resonance excitation and detection of the photoluminescence signal of Yb^3 + ions.
Room temperature optical thermometry based on the luminescence of the SiV defects in diamond-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Miller C. , Puust L. , Kiisk V. , Ekimov E. , Vlasov I. , Orlovskii Y. , Sildos I.
Published: December 2018

AbstractDiamond microcrystals containing silicon-vacancy (SiV) defects were synthesized by using a high-pressure high-temperature treatment of a mixture of pertinent organic-inorganic precursors. Photoluminescence of the SiV defects and its temperature dependence (80–400 K) was studied. A strong sharp zero-phonon line (ZPL) at 738 nm was recorded at all temperatures under 488 nm laser excitation. In particular the thermally induced shift of the ZPL was found promising for optical temperature sensing in the near infrared spectral range at biomedically relevant temperatures.
Разделение изотопов кальция в плазменной центрифуге с горячей стенкой
Authors: Борисевич В.Д. , Потанин Е.П.
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe propose a method of calcium isotope sepration using a countercurrent plasma centrifuge with a hot wall, which separating the fractions by means of vapor deposition at the end faces of the device. The centrifugal force, providing the effect of radial separation, is excited due to acceleration of a weakly ionized calcium plasma by a rotating magnetic field, while the axial circulating flow, which increases the effect of radial separation, is created by a traveling magnetic field. The capabilities of the method are demonstrated by the example of calculation of the separation factor of the plasma centrifuge as a function of the parameter characterizing the circulation intensity.
Широкополосная фильтрация рентгеновского спектра при прохождении через поликапиллярную структуру
Authors: Турьянский А.Г. , Гижа С.С. , Сенков В.М.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe efficiency of broadband filtering of a polychromatic X-ray spectrum by a polycapillary structure in the region of photon energies E > 10 keV was demonstrated. A polycapillary 40.5-mm-long rod made of borosilicate glass and containing 10^6 parallel hexagonal capillaries was used as a filter. Filtering was performed by introducing a misalignment of 0–4 mrad between the axis of this capillary structure and the primary beam direction. The relative attenuation of spectral density observed at energies ranging from 12 to 23 keV was as high as 17 dB.
Стабильность заряженных нанопузырей в воде
Authors: Кошоридзе С.И. , Левин Ю.К.
Published: December 2018

AbstractIt is shown that experimentally discovered nanosized bubbles in a water medium arise spontaneously due to the minimization of the Gibbs energy of the gas–liquid disperse system. Increased gas pressure inside the nanobubble gradually equalizes (according to the Henry law) with the atmospheric pressure of the air dissolved in the water. The bubble radius decreases to some extent, and the bubble transits to a stable state.
Новый подход к анализу фазового состава углеродсодержащих материалов методом времяпролетной вторично-ионной масс-спектрометрии
Authors: Дроздов М.Н. , Дроздов Ю.Н. , Охапкин А.И. , Краев С.А. , Лобаев М.А.
Published: December 2018

AbstractNew possibilities offered by the method of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for analysis of the phase composition of carbon-containing materials are considered. Differences are established between the mass spectra of three carbon phases: diamond, diamond-like carbon (DLC), and graphite. A simple algorithm for the quantitative determination of different phases in two-phase systems diamond–graphite and DLC–graphite is proposed that is based on the measurement of relative intensities of secondary cluster ions such as C_8/C_5 and CsC_8/CsC_4. It is shown that nonuniform depth profiles of various carbon phases are formed in diamond structures upon laser cutting and in DLC structures upon thermal annealing.
Кристалл-дифракционная тестовая установка для измерения заряда нейтрона: испытания тепловой защиты и измерения вибраций
Authors: Борисов Ю.В. , Брагинец Ю.П. , Воронин В.В. , Ласица М.В. , Семенихин С.Ю. , Федоров В.В.
Published: December 2018

AbstractA prototype system design for ultra-high-precision neutron spectrometry using diffraction in perfect crystals is described. Results of experimental verification of the temperature stability inside the setup are presented. Results of vibration spectrum measurements in working zone of the PF1b beam of ILL reactor (Grenoble, France), where the prototype setup will be arranged for experimental testing, are considered.
The effect of ethanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata L.) on Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668 to hydroxyapatite discs
Authors: Rahman Friska Ani , Haniastuti Tetiana , Utami Trianna Wahyu
Published: December 2018

The demineralization of dental hard tissues can be caused by dental plaque. Dental plaque contains various components, especially bacteria attached to the extracellular matrix. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) has extracellular glucan as adhesin that is important in the attachment mechanism of tooth surface. The natural substance can be used for preventing plaque formation by inhibiting the attachment of S. mutans. Soursop plant has been used in treating various diseases. The leaves of the soursop (Annona muricata L.) are used as a material to inhibit potential attachment of bacteria S. mutans. Common surfaces that is used in adhesion testing is hydroxyapatite (HA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of soursop leaf (EESL) on the adhesion of S. mutans ATCC 35668 to HA discs. Soursop leaves were extracted by the maceration method using 70% ethanol. The experiment was carried out by analyzing the inhibition adhesion of S. mutans ATCC 35668 on HA discs after incubation with different concentrations of soursop leaf extract. The concentrations of extract tested were: 150; 125; 100; 75; and 50 mg/ml. Chlorhexidine 0.2% was used as a positive control while DMSO 5% was used a negative one. Data were evaluated by One Way Anova. This study statistically showed significant differences of S. mutans colony count between groups (p<0.05).The results of a post hoc Dunnett T3 test showed that the 2 highest concentrations of extract (125 and 150 mg/ml) reduced S. mutans adhesion on HA discs.The obtained results showed that ethanol extract of soursop leave inhibits the adherence of S. mutans to the HA disc.
Differences in surface roughness of enamel after whey-extract application and CPP-ACP in post extracoronal-tooth bleaching
Authors: Mukarromah Afiatul , Dwiandhono Irfan , Imam Dian Noviyanti Agus
Published: December 2018

Demineralization is a process of partial or full tooth mineral loss which caused by acidic environment, for example the side effect of extracoronal bleaching treatment. Demineralization increases enamel surface roughness which leads plaque accumulation. Whey extract and calcium phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phophate (CPP-ACP) contain calcium and phosphate that can stop the demineralization through remineralization process. This study aimed to determine the differences of enamel surface roughness after whey extract and CPP-ACP application post- extracoronal bleaching. Experimental laboratory with pre- and post-test control group design was performed on 24 first maxillary premolars which devided into 3 groups. On group I, specimens were immersed in artificial saliva. Specimens in group II were immersed in whey extract meanwhile specimens were immersed in CPP-ACP on group III. Whey extract and CPP-ACP immersions were conducted 10 minutes every 12 hours for 15 days. The enamel surface roughness test was performed twice, after extracoronal bleaching treatment and after 15 days remineralization agent application. This study result indicated significant differences between group I and group II and between group I and group III (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between group II and group III (p>0.05). This study showed whey extract decreased more enamel surface roughness than CPP-ACP but the difference was not significant statistically. So, whey extract and CPP-ACP showed similar remineralization potential.
Pengembangan Wirausaha Muda Ekonomi Kreatif Berbasis Budaya di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: El Hasanah Lak Lak Nahat
Published: December 2018

Saat ini pengembangan ekonomi kreatif berbasis budaya di Indonesia perlu ditingkatkan. Ekonomi kreatif Indonesia sebagai kekuatan baru menuju 2025 tidak hanya sebatas semangat tetapi juga mission statement untuk berkreasi dengan mengatasnamakan identitas budaya Indonesia pada setiap karya kreatif yang diciptakan oleh anak bangsa. Perkembangan ekonomi kreatif juga tidak dapat terlepas dari generasi muda sebagai gudang kreativitas. Generasi muda adalah sumber daya produktif yang dengan ide kreatifnya dapat membuka sebuah usaha (wirausaha) yang juga membantu pemerintah dalam mengurangi tingkat pengangguran di angkatan kerja produktif. Semakin banyak anak muda yang berkecimpung di dunia wirausaha, semakin banyak pula  produktivitas yang dihasilkan sehingga berdampak pula pada meningkatnya  perkembangan ekonomi nasional. Analisis SWOT yang lakukan menghasilkan kegiatan pengembangan wirausaha muda dalam ekonomi kreatif berbasis budaya melalui program pelatihan, pengembangan serta pemodalan.
SIPKADES (Sistem Informasi Potensi Kreatif Desa) Merintis Institusi Menjadi Mandiri : Belajar Mengelola Potensi Desa Bersama Teman Muda
Authors: Wibawanto Gregorius Ragil
Published: December 2018

Artikel ini bermaksud untuk mengurai pengalaman semasa belajar mengelola potensi desa bersama dengan teman – teman muda Brosot. Metode yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan ini adalah participatory action research  di mana peneliti berposisi sebagai partner dalam merefleksikan kondisi yang mengitari teman – teman muda di Brosot. Pendekatan teoretik dalam praktik tersebut berlandaskan perangkat pikir institutional entrepreneurship yang memandang aktivitas entrepreneurship memiliki relasi bolak – balik yang intens dengan kecenderungan institusional yang bersinggungan. Tujuan akhir dari keseluruhan kegiatan ini adalah sebuah karya bersama yang dapat meningkatkan partisipasi teman – teman muda dalam pengambilan keputusan di level desa sekaligus mempersiapkan alternatif-kreatif bagi masa depan mereka.
Manusia, Teknologi, dan Musik dalam Keseharian
Authors: Widhyharto Derajat Sulistyo
Published: December 2018

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Pengantar Redaksi
Authors: Pemuda Jurnal Studi
Published: December 2018

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Variability of Two Metabolomic Platforms in CKD
Authors: Rhee Eugene P. , Waikar Sushrut S. , Rebholz Casey M. , Zheng Zihe , Perichon Regis , Clish Clary B. , Evans Anne M. , Avila Julian , Denburg Michelle R. , Anderson Amanda Hyre , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Feldman Harold I. , Kimmel Paul L. , Coresh Josef ,   on behalf of the CKD Biomarkers Consortium
Published: December 2018

Background and objectives

Nontargeted metabolomics can measure thousands of low-molecular-weight biochemicals, but important gaps limit its utility for biomarker discovery in CKD. These include the need to characterize technical and intraperson analyte variation, to pool data across platforms, and to outline analyte relationships with eGFR.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Plasma samples from 49 individuals with CKD (eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and/or ≥1 g proteinuria) were examined from two study visits; 20 samples were repeated as blind replicates. To enable comparison across two nontargeted platforms, samples were profiled at Metabolon and the Broad Institute.

Results

The Metabolon platform reported 837 known metabolites and 483 unnamed compounds (selected from 44,953 unknown ion features). The Broad Institute platform reported 594 known metabolites and 26,106 unknown ion features. Median coefficients of variation (CVs) across blind replicates were 14.6% (Metabolon) and 6.3% (Broad Institute) for known metabolites, and 18.9% for (Metabolon) unnamed compounds and 24.5% for (Broad Institute) unknown ion features. Median CVs for day-to-day variability were 29.0% (Metabolon) and 24.9% (Broad Institute) for known metabolites, and 41.8% for (Metabolon) unnamed compounds and 40.9% for (Broad Institute) unknown ion features. A total of 381 known metabolites were shared across platforms (median correlation 0.89). Many metabolites were negatively correlated with eGFR at P<0.05, including 35.7% (Metabolon) and 18.9% (Broad Institute) of known metabolites.

Conclusions

Nontargeted metabolomics quantifies >1000 analytes with low technical CVs, and agreement for overlapping metabolites across two leading platforms is excellent. Many metabolites demonstrate substantial intraperson variation and correlation with eGFR.
ANALYSIS OF SYNTHETIC RED DYES IN RED SPINACH SAMPLES (AMARANTHUS TRICOLOR L.)
Authors: Novitasari Dolvin , Sauriasari Rani , Kurniadi Maryati
Published: December 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether synthetic red dyes are present in red spinach samples.Methods: The presence of the dyes Ponceau 4R, Carmoisine, Rhodamine B, Amaranth was determined in red spinach using reactions, followed bypaper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometry. In paper chromatography analyses, analytes were eluted using n-butanol–ethanol–water (4:5:5) and isobutanol–ethanol–water (3:2:4), and in TLC-densitometry, analytes were eluted with n-butanol–ethanol–water (3:7:1).Results: No synthetic red dyes were found in the seven red spinach samples.Conclusion: The synthetic dyes Rhodamin B, amaranth, Ponceau 4R, and Karmoisin were not found as contaminants of red spinach.
ANALYSIS OF ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID AND DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID IN MACKEREL FISH OIL (RASTRELLIGER KANAGURTA) USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Arfan Tafdlilul , . Harmita , Maggadani Baitha Palanggatan
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to obtain the levels of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in mackerel fish oil by pressing andextraction with solvent methods.Methods: The optimum conditions were determined, and validation methods were performed for a mixture of ALA and DHA to obtain a valid methodfor the determination of the levels of ALA and DHA in mackerel fish oil. Derivatization was performed by the Lepage esterification method usingmethanol:toluene 4:1 (v/v) and an acetyl chloride catalyst. Gas chromatography with the Shimadzu GC-17A with a DB-5 column and flame ionizationdetector was used to analyze samples at a column temperature of 200°C with an increase of 2°C/min up to 230°C (maintained for 20 min). Injectorand detector temperatures of 250°C were used with a flow rate of 1.00 mL/min.Results: The retention time of ALA and DHA was 11.440 min and 22.337 min with a Tf of 0.949 and 1.006, respectively. The validation results fulfilledthe acceptance criteria with r values of 0.99953 and 0.99934, respectively. Total levels of ALA and DHA in mackerel fish oil were 0.39521% by pressingand 0.33014% by extraction with solvents.Conclusion: This method could be used as an alternative method to analyze ALA and DHA level in fish oil.
COPROCESSED EXCIPIENTS OF CROSSLINKED AMYLOSE AND XANTHAN GUM FOR USE IN CONTROLLED RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: Surini Silvia , Ariani Lusiana , Putri Kurnia Ss , Hayun Hayun , Anwar Effionora
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study was aimed to obtain a new excipient that can be used as a polymer matrix for the formulation of controlled release dosage forms.Methods: This study used coprocessing and crosslinking methods on amylose and xanthan gum (XG) to obtain a new excipient that can be usedfor controlled release matrix of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The coprocessing step was conducted by drum drying, and the crosslinking step wasprepared using 6 and 12% sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP). The produced novel excipients were characterized in terms of infrared (IR) spectrum,substitution degree, moisture content, swelling index, and gel strength.Results: Our results showed that amylose–XG excipients crosslinked using 6% STMP have greater gel strength and better swelling indexes thanexcipients crosslinked using 12% STMP. All coprocessed excipients exhibited no differences in their IR spectra, whereas the crosslinked excipientsdid, indicating a structural change due to the addition of phosphate groups. Crosslinking amylose–xanthan-coprocessed excipients using 6% STMPproduced degrees of substitution (DSs) of 7–8 phosphates per 100 monomeric subunits. The excipients had a moisture content of 8.21–12.85%, andthe pH of a 1% solution of excipients was 6.21–6.43. In addition, the swelling index and gel strength of the excipient where both amylose and XG werecrosslinked together Were more than 1 where only amylose was crosslinked.Conclusion: The crosslinking amylose–xanthan-coprocessed excipient using 6% STMP is more suitable for use in controlled release dosage forms,particularly when the polymer ratio is 1:1.
ANALYSIS OF FENPROPATHRIN, LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN, AND CHLOROTHALONIL IN POTATO AND TOMATO SAMPLES USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH AN ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTOR
Authors: Rahmiani Nadia , . Harmita , Suryadi Herman
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to analyze pesticide contents in potato and tomato samples.Methods: In the present study, we determined the presence of the pesticides fenpropathrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and chlorothalonil in conventionaland organic potatoes and tomatoes using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector and validated the associated methods.Acetone-based extraction was performed using the Dutch mini-Luke method with minimal weights and volumes.Results: Validation tests showed a range of 70–120% and precision of ≤20%, and linearity tests on the three standard pesticides gave r values of≥0.9990 for all three pesticides. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation values showed high sensitivity, although in vegetable sample analyses,none of the three pesticides were detected.Conclusion: Our data show that the chosen method for analysis of the pesticides fenpropathrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and chlorothalonil in potatoesand tomatoes is valid and that the marketed potatoes and tomatoes meet the SNI 7313: 2008 standard for “Maximum Limits of Pesticide Residues onAgricultural Products” and the associated Japanese standards
DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO PENETRATION TEST OF ETHOSOMAL CREAM-CONTAINING PEGAGAN (CENTELLA ASIATICA) HERBAL EXTRACT
Authors: Dewi Arini Dyah Sri Puspita , Jufri Mahdi , . Iskandarsyah
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to formulate and characterize ethosome-containing Centella asiatica herbal extract at various concentrations andevaluate the in vitro penetration ability of an ethosome-containing cream.Methods: The ethosomes were formulated using a thin-layer hydration method with a rotary vacuum evaporator. The asiaticoside content wasdetermined by thin-layer chromatography densitometry.Results: Based on the characterization results, F1 was the best ethosomal formula. F1 had the properties of a spherical shape, entrapment efficiencyof 75.03±0.295%, particle size of 94.71±2.807 nm, and zeta potential of −25.067±0.814 mV. Therefore, the F1 ethosomes were formulated into acream with a stearic acid base. The physical stability and in vitro penetration ability of the ethosomal cream were evaluated using Franz diffusioncells and then compared to a non-ethosomal cream. Based on the results of the penetration study, the cumulative penetration and flux rates ofthe ethosomal cream were superior to those of the non-ethosomal cream. The cumulative penetration depths of the ethosomal and non-ethosomalcreams were 3651.271±37.579 and 2873.016±36.850 μg/cm2, respectively.Conclusion: Incorporation of asiaticoside into ethosomes can increase its skin penetration ability.
DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR ANALYZING DISODIUM 5′-GUANYLATE AND DISODIUM 5′-INOSINATE LEVELS IN FLAVOR ENHANCERS
Authors: Natalia Dwi Karina , . Harmita , Rukmana Taufiq Indra
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to develop a selective analytical method for assessing disodium 5′-guanylate and disodium 5′-inosinate levels in flavorenhancers.Methods: The levels were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a photodiode array detector (PDA) (wavelength=255 nm) and a SunFire® C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 μm). The mobile phase comprised a mixture of potassium phosphate buffer and anion pair reagent-hexane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt - with a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The ion pair was used to generate a neutral equilibrium, whichresulted in increased retention of the analytes. Optimized analysis conditions were then validated regarding accuracy, precision, linearity, selectivity,and the limits of detection and quantification.Results: The average levels of disodium 5′-inosinate in the six analyzed samples were 0.24±1.46, 0.21±2.69, 0.58±3.26, 0.21±0.84, 0.22±3.59, and0.47±2.21%, respectively. Regarding disodium 5′-guanylate, the average levels were 0.15±2.85, 0.15±0.12, 0.41±3.80, 0.16±1.72, 0.27±1.18, and0.34±1.83, respectively.Conclusion: The optimal conditions for analyzing disodium 5′-guanylate and disodium 5′-inosinateusing HPLC with a PDA and SunFire C18 columnwere λ=255 nm, a mobile phase of potassium phosphate buffer and sodium hexane sulfonate, and a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. For disodium 5′-inosinate,its average levels in samples A–F were 0.24±1.46, 0.21±2.69, 0.58±3.26, 0.21±0.84, 0.22±3.59, and 0.47±2.21%, respectively. Meanwhile, the averagelevels of disodium 5′-guanylate in the samples were 0.15±2.85, 0.15±0.12, 0.41±3.80, 0.16±1.72, 0.27±1.18, and 0.34±1.83%, respectively.
DRUG-RELATED PROBLEMS IN HOSPITALIZED GERIATRIC PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Maharani Debby Dystra , Syafhan Nadia Farhanah , Hersunaryati Yetti
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed at analyzing drug-related problems (DRPs) in hospitalized geriatric patients with diabetes mellitus.Methods: We prospectively collected data of 26 hospitalized geriatric patients at the Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital (age, >60 year) who underwentinpatient treatment for at least 1 month between February and April 2015. Readable data were obtained from prescriptions, medical records, andindex card/nurses records. We obtained data on 299 drug treatments for 26 patients and identified 166 DRPs. These were analyzed based on thePharmaceutical Care Network Europe Version 6.2.Results: The percentage of treatment effectiveness (50.6%) and adverse drug reactions (49.4%) was predominantly due to an inappropriate drug–drug or drug–food combination, including the incidence of drug interactions (20.4%).
EFFECT OF THE WATER EXTRACT OF THE FOUR O’CLOCK HERB (MIRABILIS JALAPA L.) ON THE HEALING OF OPEN WOUNDS IN RATS
Authors: Puspasari Puspita , Saputri Fadlina Chany
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect on wound healing following treatment with a water extract of Mirabilis jalapa L. by investigatingwound contraction and the associated histopathological changes in rat skin.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups, namely negative control, positive control (povidone-iodine), dose 1, dose 2, anddose 3. A 20-×10-mm rectangular wound area was created for the test. In dose 1, 2, and 3 groups, the corresponding dose variation of a 0.5-mLM. jalapa L. water extract (dose 1: 5% v/v, ≈243.1 mg/kg body weight BW; dose 2: 10% v/v, ≈486.2 mg/kg BW; and dose 3: 20% v/v, ≈972.4 mg/kg BW)was topically applied for 14 days on open wounds of rats. Widespread wound contractions were measured on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13, andhistopathological changes in the skin were observed on day 15 using hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results: The M. jalapa L. water extract accelerated wound healing. The optimal dose was found to be 20% v/v (≈972.4 mg/kg BW).Conclusion: M. jalapa L. extracts are potential healing agents for open wounds.
EFFECTS OF ROSEMARY (ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS L.) LEAF EXTRACT ON ANGULAR CHEILITIS INDUCED BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND CANDIDA ALBICANS IN MALE WISTAR RATS
Authors: . Sumintarti , S Nurul Fatimasari , Hajrah-yusuf Andi S , Ruslin Muhammad
Published: December 2018

Objective: The study aimed to determine the effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaf extract on healing angular cheilitis induced byStaphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans in male Wistar rats.Methods: We assessed 24 male Wistar rats that were divided into four groups: The first group was induced by S. aureus and given rosemary leafextract, the second group was induced by S. aureus and given gentamicin, the third group was induced by C. albicans and given rosemary leaf extract,and the fourth group was induced by C. albicans and given miconazole. All rats in each group were treated, and wound length and erythema wereobserved for 7 days.Results: The average wound length on the 7th day was 0.00±0.0 mm in the first group, 0.29±0.4 mm in the second group, 0.00±0.0 mm in the thirdgroup, and 0.25±0.2 mm in the fourth group. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences in wound length for each treatment group.Conclusion: Rosemary leaf extract has a healing effect on angular cheilitis induced by S. aureus and C. albicans in male Wistar rats.
EVALUATION OF DRUG USE FOR RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS IN DEPOK, INDONESIA, BEFORE AND AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL FORMULARY
Authors: Manninda Reise , Andrajati Retnosari
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the quantity and quality of drug utilization (DU) in patients with respiratory problems at a hospitalin Indonesia before and after the implementation of the national formulary.Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in 2013 and 2015 at the Depok Hospital in Indonesia. Prescriptions and data frompatients were recapitulated, reviewed, and evaluated using the anatomical therapeutical chemical classification/defined daily doses (DDDs) andDU90% methodologies. The results were statistically analyzed and compared before and after implementation of the national formulary.Results: The quantity of drug use in DDD/1000 inhabitant per day was increased from 0.17 to 0.26 between 2013 and 2015. The quality of druguse was also increased following a decrease in the number of drugs in the DU90% segment. The percentage of drugs that adhered to the nationalformulary was 88.67%; however, no significant difference was noted before and after the implementation of the national formulary.Conclusion: The quantity, quality, and adherence of drug use to the national formulary was increased at the Depok city hospital after the implementationof the national formulary.
FACTORS AFFECTING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF 6-MERCAPTOPURINE AND 6-THIOGUANINE IN DRIED BLOOD SPOTS
Authors: Harahap Yahdiana , Hardijanto Dimas Agus Putera , Ramadon Delly
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of the method of internal standard addition, spotting volume, paper type, and sample storagetemperature on 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thioguanine on liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) bioanalysis methods usingdried blood spot (DBS).Methods: Blood samples were spotted on CAMAG DBS paper and a Perkin Elmer 226 sample collection device (paper) and extracted into methanolcontaining 5-fluorouracil as an internal standard. The separation was performed on a water acquity ultra high-performance LC BEH Amide 1.7 μm(2.1 mm×100 mm) column with a mobile phase of 0.2% formic acid in water - 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile methanol with gradient elution at aflow rate of 0.2 mL/min.Results: The step at which the internal standard was added (blood, spot on DBS card, or extraction solution) affected the chromatogram. Differencesin paper types and blood volumes significantly affected (p<0.05) the percent coefficient of variation, whereas differences in blood hematocritsignificantly affected the peak area ratio.Conclusion: The method of internal standard addition affected the chromatograms in this study. The best chromatogram was observed whenthe Internal Standard was added to the extracting solution. The card type also affected the analysis, so it is recommended to use the same card duringsample analysis.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF BELLAMYA JAVANICA: ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE, ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE, AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY, AND LIVER HISTOPATHOLOGY IN MICE INDUCED WITH CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
Authors: Saputri Fadlina Chany , Astari Carolina , Janatry Dyah Adinda , . Azizahwati , Kusmana Dadang
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Bellamya javanica meat (BJM) in mice by quantifying alanineaminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and observing liver histology.Methods: A total of 36 white male Sprague-Dawley mice were divided into six groups, namely a normal control group, a negative control group (0.5%carboxymethyl cellulose), a positive control group (silymarin with a dosage of 9.45 mg/200 g mouse weight), dosage 1 group (BJM powder at 1 g/kgmouse weight), dosage 2 group (BJM powder at 2 g/kg mouse weight), and dosage 3 group (BJM powder at 4 g/kg mouse weight). Mice were treatedfor 14 days. On the 15th day, all groups (except the normal control group) were induced with carbon tetrachloride and fed ad libitum. After 24 h ofinduction, ALT, AST, and ALP in serum were quantified, and livers were dissected for histopathological examination.Results: The results showed that the consumption of BJM at doses of 2 and 4 g/kg mouse weight cast a hepatoprotective effect compared with thenegative control group. In addition, there were significant differences in the hepatoprotective effect between the various doses of BJM. The dosagewith the highest potential hepatoprotective effect was 4 g/kg mouse weight (p<0.05).Conclusion: B. javanica has potential hepatoprotective effects, with the strongest protection occurring at a 4 g/kg mouse weight dosage.Hepatoprotection was observed in the form of decreased AST, ALT, and ALP activity and relevant changes in liver histopathology.
VIRTUAL SCREENING AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF COMPOUNDS FROM THE HERBAL DATABASE OF INDONESIA AGAINST HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2
Authors: Setiawan Muhammad Teguh , Yanuar Arry
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to find the herbal compounds from the database of Indonesian herbs with potential for use as histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2)enzyme inhibitors through virtual screening using the LigandScout program.Methods: Virtual screening was conducted using LigandScout 4.09.3, AutodockZN, and AutoDockTools.Results: The virtual screening process resulted in 10 compounds with the highest pharmacophore fit score rating, from which five compounds withthe best criteria for molecular dynamics simulations were selected: Boesenbergin B, pongachalcone I, 6,8-diprenylgenistein, marmin, and mangostin.The ΔG values obtained were, respectively, −8.28, −9.15, −7.05, −9.07, and −7.15. The active crystal ligand N-(2-aminophenyl) benzamide was used asa positive control, with ΔG value of −10.27. Molecular dynamic’s simulations showed that the activity of HDAC2 inhibitors was known to interact inthe amino acid residues His145C, Tyr308C, Zn379C, Leu276C, Phe155C, Phe210C, Leu144C, and Met35C.Conclusions: Based on virtual screening and the molecular dynamics simulations, marmin was considered to provide the best overall activity ofanalysis. Simulation analysis of molecular dynamics from hits compound showed that analysis with MMGBSA gave higher free energy binding valuethan MMPBSA.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS FROM ETHYL ACETATE AND METHANOL EXTRACTS OF GARCINIA DAEDALANTHERA PIERRE LEAVES
Authors: Puspitaningrum Anisa , Elya Berna , . Katrin
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to isolate and characterize the compounds responsible for the high antioxidant activities of the ethyl acetate and methanolextracts of Garcinia daedalanthera Pierre leaves.Methods: In this study, the ethyl acetate extract was obtained by column chromatography, and the methanol extract was obtained by vacuum columnchromatography. The mobile phase comprised n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol with increased polarity. Antioxidant activity was examined usingthe 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The fraction with the highest antioxidant activity was purified through column chromatography,recrystallization, and preparative thin-layer chromatography. This fraction, termed the isolate of B, was identified using DPPH and AlCl3, and itsantioxidant activity was quantitatively tested.Results: From this research, 21.7 mg of the isolate of B were obtained with an IC50 of 5.82 μg/mL. Identification using an AlCl3 sprayer producedyellow phosphorescent spots under UV light. UV-Vis spectrum analysis revealed the presence of an aromatic compound and conjugated double bonds.Infrared spectrum analysis revealed the presence of −OH, C–H alkane, C=C aromatic, C=O, and C-O-C groups.Conclusion: Based on this research, 21.7 mg of the isolate of B was derived through fractionation of the methanol extract, and this isolate exhibitedantioxidant activity with an IC50 of 5.82 μg/mL. The isolate of B was considered to be a flavonoid, as it was fluorescent under UV light (366 nm) afterbeing sprayed with AlCl3 reagent.
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF SEVERAL SELECTED COMPOUNDS FROM THE HERBAL DATABASE OF INDONESIA RESULTS OF MOLECULAR DOCKING AGAINST DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYME
Authors: Ihsan Muhamad Fikri , Yanuar Arry
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the interactions of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes and potential ligands as DNMT inhibitorsthrough molecular dynamics simulations.Methods: This study was conducted using tools in the form of hardware (primary and secondary computers) and software (OpenBabel, AutoDockTools, Amber MD, Amber Tools, VMD, PuTTY, LigandScout, and UCSF Chimera).Results: Results of molecular docking of cassiamin C, procyanidin B2, epicatechin-4alphaent-8-ent-epicatechin, epicatechin-4beta-8-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, neorhusflavanone, 3-O-galloylepigallocatechin -4beta-6-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, withanolide, 3-O-galloylepigallocatechin-4beta-6-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, cyanidin-3-6″-caffeylsophoroside-5-glucoside, epifriedelinol, gallocatechin-4alpha-8-epicatechin, scutellarein-7-glucosyl-1-4-rhamnoside, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (positive control), and sinefungin (co-crystal) compounds showed ΔG values −9.34,−10.95, −7.95, −11.01, −8.78, −8.87, −11.49, −7.98, −5.92, −8.92, −9.17, −8.76, −9.70, and −9.11 kcal/mol, respectively. Cassiamin C, procyanidin B2,epicatechin-4-beta-8-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, withanolide, and gallocatechin-4alpha-8-epicatechin compounds had lower ΔG than sinefungin (cocrystal)and EGCG (positive control) compounds. The results of molecular dynamic simulation of seven selected compounds showed the best overallactivities were procyanidin B2, epicatechin-4beta-8-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, and gallocatechin-4alpha-8-epi-catechin compounds.Conclusions: The best overall activities based on molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation were procyanidin B2, epicatechin-4beta-8-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, and gallocatechin-4alpha-8-epi-catechin compounds. Amino acid residues that are important for the activity of DNMT1inhibitor are Phe1145, Glu1168, Met1169, Cys1191, Glu1266, Ala1579, and Val1580.
PIPERINE IN THE PREVENTION OF THE DECREASED TAMOXIFEN SENSITIVITY IN MCF-7 BREAST CANCER CELL LINE
Authors: Kurniawan Sandy Vitria , Sugiarti Lies , Wanandi Septelia Inawati , Louisa Melva
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study was designed to analyze the role of piperine in modulating P-glycoprotein mRNA expression when added in combination withtamoxifen to breast cancer cells in culture.Methods: MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with 1 μM tamoxifen with or without piperine (12.5, 25, or 50 μM) or verapamil 50 μM (P-glycoproteininhibitor positive control) for up to 12 days. We assessed the cell viability and isolated total RNA from them. We quantified P-glycoprotein expressionsusing quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results: Administration of various doses of piperine decreased MCF-7 breast cancer cell viability. Piperine, when given in combination with tamoxifen,decreased the expression of P-glycoprotein mRNA in cells compared with the expression in cells treated with tamoxifen only. The effects were shownto be dose dependent.Conclusion: Piperine prevents the development of breast cancer cell tamoxifen resistance, probably through its inhibition of P-glycoprotein expression.
PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILE OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IN DRIED BLOOD SPOT OF HEALTHY SUBJECTS USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–PHOTODIODE ARRAY
Authors: Harahap Yahdiana , Malia Citra Dara , . Sunarsih
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the metformin hydrochloride in dried blood spot (DBS) sample and evaluate a pharmacokinetic profile in sixhealthy subjects who administered 850-mg metformin hydrochloride in tablet using high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array(HPLC–PDA).Methods: Metformin analysis was performed on data of six healthy subjects who administered 850 mg of metformin hydrochloride as tablets. Bloodsamples were taken at 12-time points at intervals of up to 12 h, and data were analyzed using HPLC–PDA.Results: A linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 25–5000 ng/mL, with r=0.9990. Pharmacokinetic profiles of metformin were obtainedusing DBS samples from six healthy participants, with a Cmax of 347.3–416.22 ng/mL. The average tmax and t1/2 were obtained at 3 and 2 h, respectively,and the area under the curve (AUC)0-t/AUC0-∞ ratio was >80% for all subjects.Conclusion: The DBS biosampling technique can be developed for application in pharmacokinetic study of metformin HCl.