bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tradição e modernidade na Luta Marajoara
Authors: Santos Carlos Afonso Ferreira dos , Furtado Renan Santos , Andrade Welison Alan Gonçalves , Freitas Rogério Gonçalves de , Cardias-Gomes Fábio José
Published: December 2024

RESUMO Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica de orientação reflexiva que objetiva discutir sobre os aspectos e características que constituem as dimensões tradicional e moderna na Luta Marajoara. Os resultados indicam que a tradição e a modernidade perfazem a história da Luta Marajoara como manifestação cultural do povo da Ilha de Marajó, e que existe um conjunto de caracterizações que dizem respeito a tais modalidades de experiência presentes nesta luta brasileira. Na tradição, destacam-se os contextos tradicionais de prática da Luta Marajoara, e seu caráter ritualístico. Conectados com a expressão moderna, são observados desafios, tensões e tendências de avanço em direção à sua esportivização e escolarização.
Prevalência e fatores associados à insatisfação com a imagem corporal de adolescentes escolares: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar, 2019
Authors: Linhares Ingride Sousa , Cardoso Osmar de Oliveira , Andrade Jesusmar Ximenes , Nascimento Fernando Ferraz do , Rodrigues Malvina Thais Pacheco , Mascarenhas Márcio Dênis Medeiros
Published: December 2024

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a prevalência e analisar fatores associados à insatisfação com a imagem corporal de adolescentes escolares brasileiros. Métodos Estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) de 2019. Estimou-se a prevalência de autorrelato da insatisfação com a imagem corporal e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) e sua associação com características individuais pela odds ratio (OR) e IC95% pela regressão logística. Resultados Dos 159.245 escolares, 30,2% (IC95% 29,2;31,1) reportaram insatisfação com a imagem corporal, que se associou a todos os fatores analisados. A chance de insatisfação esteve mais relacionada a ser do sexo feminino (OR = 3,86; IC95% 3,45;4,32), possuir internet em casa (OR = 8,68; IC95% 6,83;11,03), achar que ninguém se preocupa com ele(a) (OR = 3,02; IC95% 2,60;3,50), que a vida não vale a pena (OR = 3,27; IC95% 2,88;3,72) e se sentir irritado(a) (OR = 2,87; IC95% 2,53;3,26). Conclusão A insatisfação com a imagem corporal esteve associada a diversos fatores e requer uma abordagem intersetorial.
Fatores associados à completude do tratamento de sífilis em mulheres trans e travestis, em cinco capitais brasileiras, 2019-2021: estudo multicêntrico transversal
Authors: Carreira Luis Fernando Gomes , Veras Maria A. S. , Benzaken Adele Schwartz , Queiroz Rita Suely Bacuri de , Silveira Edilene Peres Real , Oliveira Elaine Lopes de , Bassichetto Katia Cristina , Rocha Aline Borges Moreira da , Suprasert Bow , Wilson Erin C. , McFarland Willi
Published: December 2024

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a história pregressa de sífilis em mulheres trans e travestis (MTTr) e identificar os fatores associados à incompletude do tratamento. Métodos Estudo transversal multicêntrico, entre 2019 e 2021, com participantes recrutadas por respondent-driven sampling, em cinco capitais brasileiras. Variável dependente: “tratamento referido de sífilis no último ano”, “não/incompleto” ou “completo”. Modelo multivariável-logístico foi utilizado para identificar fatores associados à completude. Resultados Das 1.317 participantes, 16,0% relataram sífilis pregressa. Dessas, 68,9% eram negras, 54,6% ganhavam até 1 salário mínimo e 61,1% completaram o tratamento. A completude de tratamento foi mais baixa em São Paulo (42,7%) e para quem sofreu agressão verbal (53,6%; ORa 0,46; IC95% 0,25;0,85). Conclusão Na amostra, foram elevadas: a prevalência de sífilis autorreferida e a proporção de participantes que refere não ter iniciado/completado o tratamento. É necessário identificar as barreiras enfrentadas por MTTr que impactam o acesso à saúde, e identificar suas necessidades, para assegurar diagnóstico e tratamento adequados.
Factors associated with HIV viremia in transgender women and transvestites in five Brazilian capitals, 2019-2021: a multicenter study
Authors: Barros Claudia Renata dos Santos , Matsuda Elaine Monteiro , Rocha Aline Borges Moreira da , López-Lopes Giselle Ibete Silva , Campos Norberto Camilo , Brígido Luís Fernando de Macedo , Bassichetto Katia Cristina , Veras Maria Amelia de Sousa Mascena
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze factors associated with detectable HIV viremia among transgender women/transvestites (TWT) in five Brazilian capitals. Methods : This was a cross-sectional study using data from a sample of TWT with HIV-positive serology and detectable viral load (VL), between 2019 and 2021. The dependent and independent variables were, respectively: viral load measurement, socioeconomic/demographic characteristics; alcohol/drug use; and self-perceived mental health. Poisson regression with robust variance was used. Results : A total of 425 TWT tested positive for HIV and underwent VL measurement, 179 (42.0%) presented detectable viremia. Factors positively associated with detectability were: younger age (PR=2.26; 95%CI 1.13;4.51), poorer housing conditions (PR=2.72; 95%CI 1.30;5.68) and poor/very poor mental health (PR=1.70; 95%CI 1.08;2.66). The use of antiretroviral drugs was a protective factor against detectability (PR=0.29; 95%CI 0.30;0.61). Conclusion The factors associated with unsuppressed viral load highlight vulnerability related to gender identity that have a negative impact, despite the majority of participants being on antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Declarative Approaches to Outcome Determination in Judgment Aggregation
Authors: Conati Ari , Niskanen Andreas , Järvisalo Matti
Published: December 2024

Judgment aggregation (JA) offers a generic formal framework for modeling various settings involving information aggregation by social choice mechanisms. For many judgment aggregation rules, computing collective judgments is computationally notoriously hard. The central outcome determination problem, in particular, is often complete for higher levels of the polynomial hierarchy. This complexity barrier makes it challenging to develop practical exact algorithms to outcome determination. Taking on this challenge, in this work we develop practical exact algorithms for outcome determination under a range of the most central JA rules—namely Kemeny, Slater, MaxHamming, Young, Dodgson, Reversal scoring, Condorcet, Ranked agenda, and LexiMax—by harnessing the declarative approach, in particular, Boolean satisfiability (SAT) and integer programming techniques. For the Kemeny, Slater, MaxHamming, Young, and Dodgson rules, we detail direct approaches based on maximum satisfiability (MaxSAT) and integer programming. For the Reversal scoring, Condorcet, Ranked agenda, and LexiMax rules, we develop iterative algorithms, including algorithms based on the counterexample-guided abstraction refinement (CEGAR) paradigm, making use of recent advances in incremental MaxSAT solving and preferential SAT-based reasoning. We provide an open-source implementation of the algo- rithms, and empirically evaluate them using real-world preference data. We compare the performance of our implementation to a recent approach which makes use of declarative solver technology for answer set programming (ASP). The results demonstrate that our approaches scale significantly beyond the reach of the ASP-based algorithms for all of the judgment aggregation rules considered.
Síntese e Caracterização de Bioadsorvente de Spondias mombin L. para Remoção de Azul de Metileno utilizando ClZn2, NaOH e Al2(SO4)3.14H2O
Authors: Araújo Junior Antônio Jorge Silva , Corrêa Marina Scarano , Teixeira Luiza Carla Girard Mendes , Motta Sobrinho Maurício Alves da
Published: December 2024

Objective – The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize a bioadsorbent produced from Spondias mombin L.’s endocarp, using the chemical activators ClZn2, NaOH and Al2(SO4)3·14H2O, and evaluate its efficiency in removing methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions.
Methodology - The research was structured in three stages: preparation and activation of activated charcoal at different temperatures and pyrolysis times; material characterization regarding ash content, moisture content, yield and pH; and carrying out adsorption tests to determine the efficiency of dye removal.
Originality/relevance - This study addresses the theoretical gap related to the reuse of agricultural waste to produce adsorbent materials, promoting sustainable alternatives to the use of conventional adsorbents and highlighting their relevance for the treatment of effluents.
Results - The adsorbents activated with NaOH and ClZn2 demonstrated greater efficiency, with emphasis on the materials NA250-3, ZN300-2 and ZN300-4, which presented adsorption capacities of 1.40 mg·g⁻¹, 1.39 mg·g⁻ ¹ and 1.37 mg·g⁻¹, removing 93.23%, 93.02% and 91.69% of the dye, respectively. The ZN250-4 material stood out for its balance between performance (1.33 mg·g⁻¹, 88.78% removal) and cost-benefit, due to its high yield (64.27%) compared to the others.
Theoretical/methodological contributions: The research expands knowledge about ideal activation conditions and use of chemical activators, providing support for bioadsorbents applications.
Social and environmental contributions: The research promotes sustainability by proposing the reuse of agricultural waste as raw materials for the production of biosorbents, reducing environmental pollution and offering solutions for the treatment of effluents.
Exchange of Views on the Article “What Exactly is Studied When Ethnicity is Researched? A Descriptive Model for Constructivist Studies of Ethnicity in the Context of the Cognitive Turn” by E.Varshaver
Authors: Arutyunova Ekaterina , Bessudnov Alexey , Vendina Olga , Verkhovtsev Dmitry , Kamenskikh Mikhail
Published: December 2024

The text presents the opinions of current ethnicity researchers regarding the article by Evgeni Varshaver. While agreeing that the text itself is interesting, the authors, firstly, disagree on its innovativeness, and secondly, in light of the complexity of the phenomenon of ethnicity itself, doubt the possibility of a simple and clear scheme for its study, as Varshaver claims. Among other topics that were discussed: the possibility of quantitative studies of ethnicity in the constructivist paradigm, the nature of the cognitive turn in ethnicity research, etc.
What did the Speaker Say? Public Values in Russian Parliamentary Discourse and in the Public Opinion
Authors: Borshchevskiy Georgy
Published: December 2024

Since the parliament is endowed with representative functions it is called upon to represent the structure of society and articulate its inherent values. The chairman (speaker) represents the leading political party, so we can consider his/her speeches in the chamber as a ruling elite’s message to citizens. We aim to identify value dominants in the discourse of the chairmen of the Russian State Duma during the 1st till the 8th convocations (1994-2023) and to search for points of its contact with the values of Russian society. The methodological framework is the integral model of values, based on the well-known theories by Geert Hofstede, Ronald Inglehart and Shalom Schwartz, adapted for content analysis of discursive texts (transcripts of the State Duma sessions) by thesaurus marker words characterizing basic values. We also use qualitative discourse analysis to identify semantic chains, the specifics of ideological articulation of marker words, and analyze the transformation of their meaning in different contexts.The stability of the models based on the frequency of use of marker words in discourse for four value groups is tested using the principal component analysis. The hypothesis is tested that the speaker’s party affiliation has lost its connection with the values they broadcast over time (such a connection was observed only during the 1st and the 2nd convocations of the State Duma). We confirmed the assumption about a value shift in discourse from collectivist values to individualistic ones during the years of the post-Soviet political transition, while a decrease in the clusters of secular-rational and traditional values. The models are verified using secondary analysis of data from public opinion pools and waves of the World Values Survey. Correlations are revealed between the frequency of mentioning values and the dynamics of respondents’ answers to questions corresponding to these values (with the exception of traditionalist values). Comparison of the models with the country’s social and economic development indicators revealed counterintuitive results indicating a nonlinear influence of the economic situation on political thinking and discursive practices. The paper is intended to contribute to the theoretical and empirical development of contemporary Russian policy in the field of values.
Cultural Citizenship: Definitions and Empirical Contextualization
Authors: Ivanov Danila , Vlasova Tat'yana , Abramov Roman
Published: December 2024

The article develops an approach to the conceptualization of “cultural citizenship”, which is used to describe the issues of overcoming cultural differences in the process of integration and social inclusion. Cultural citizenship is one of the concepts that develop the paradigms of citizenship and civic consciousness that exist in the tradition of political theory and sociology of culture. The purpose of the article is to develop a sociological approach to “cultural citizenship”, based on such existing family concepts as citizenship (membership), solidarity, identity. The first part of the article compares the legal and sociological interpretations of citizenship and their relationship with the cultural aspect of citizenship. In the second part, based on this comparison, the subject and central problems of cultural citizenship in the social sciences are formulated. In the third part, two approaches to the definition of cultural citizenship are analyzed. The first approach leans towards political theory and defines the state as a source of citizenship, focusing on legal instruments of integration. The second leans towards cultural sociology and defines community as a source of citizenship, focusing on integrative practices of cultural production. The analysis of the two approaches in the final part actualizes the empirical study of cultural citizenship as a process implemented at the organizational level. Cultural citizenship, in this vein, is defined as the process of two-sided inclusion of ‘strange’ and ‘different’ cultural traits of dominant and minoritarian social category with respect to the integrity of the dominant cultural variation. The main operationalization of the organizational level finds itself in “cultural institutions” (e.g., exposition halls, museums, libraries, etc.) that are supposed to play a key role in the cultural citizenship process.
The Splendor and Misery of Virtue
Authors: Belov Mark
Published: December 2024

Book review: Fishman L. (2022) The Age of Virtues: After Soviet Morality, Moscow: New Literature Observe. (In Russian)
From Generation to Generation: Social Mobility
Authors: Filippov Fridrikh
Published: December 2024

To mark the anniversary — one hundred years since his birth — of Fridrikh Rafailovich Filippov, a Soviet sociologist who made a great contribution to the development of research on social mobility and education in our country, we are posting on the pages of Russian Sociological Review a fragment of his last major book, based on materials whose uniqueness is not inferior to the author's notorious analytical intuition. The book was published at the end of the Soviet period in the development of both the country and the sociology associated with this period. The book, made with all scientific care, remains a document of the epoch, which we look back on more and more often after thirty-five years.
On the Similarities and Differences of Comparative Methodology in Social Anthropology and Sociology
Authors: Rezaev Andrey , Tregubova Natalia
Published: December 2024

The paper examines and debates controversial issues that characterize the logic of comparison in social anthropology and sociology. The first part of the article illustrates the dynamics of comparison in social anthropology from the classics to the present day. The second part of the paper highlights differences and similarities in how sociologists and anthropologists discuss and use comparison in their research. For sociologists, a comparison is primarily a variety of comparative perspectives that characterize a tool for exploring causal relations, from testing explanatory models to grasping the unique history of different societies. The article points out the contradiction between the comparative perspective inherent in social anthropology as a science about the “Other” and the marginal position of comparative research in contemporary anthropological discipline. The proposed resolution to this contradiction is the concept of “comparative social anthropology”, defined by analogy with the concept of “comparative sociology” developed by the authors. In conclusion, the authors present three areas of comparative sociological research that could be helpful to anthropologists: the extended case method, institutional ethnography, and theory-building based on case comparison.
Sleep Apnea in COPD, the Role of Oxygen Saturation Index (ODI 4%) and the Ratio of Diaphragmatic Ultrasound
Authors: Meridj Amine , Redouan Belala , Khaled Tlili , Yacine Djeghri
Published: December 2024

When COPD and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome coexist in one individual, it’s known as overlap syndrome. In individuals with COPD, diaphragmatic function may help anticipate nocturnal oxygen desaturation. Ultrasound has been used extensively to assess the diaphragm. We aimed to investigate the effects of ultrasound-measured diaphragm excursion and contractile capacity on percutaneous oxygen saturation in COPD.
Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational study from 2021 to 2024. A total of Sixty-one consecutive patients with spirometry-confirmed stable COPD were included after obtaining informed written consent. Demographic and clinical data, spirometric values, BMI, average night-time saturation, the Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) of 4% and Measurement of Diaphragm Thickness (TFdi) and Excursion (EXdi) were collected for analysis.
This is a prospective study conducted at Constantine Regional Military University Hospital.
Results: The average night-time saturation was 94,63 ± 2,16% (12 patients could not perform nocturnal oximetry), The average Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) was 4% 2,01 ± 2,65.
There was a significant positive correlation between diaphragmatic mobility (EXdi) and the average night-time saturation (r = 0,395, p = 0,005). However
There was a significant negative correlation between diaphragmatic mobility and the average oxygen desaturation index (ODI 4 %) (r = -0,288, p = 0,045),
In our study on ‘objectified a significant negative correlation between 4% ODI and TFdi (r = - 0, 456 p = 0.001).
Conclusion: This study suggested a close relationship between the ultrasound parameters (TFdi, EXdi) assessed by ultrasonography in COPD on the one hand and the mean of night desaturation and (ODI) 4% on the other.
Automated immunodetection of proteinase-K-resistant Lewy Pathology in FFPE human colon tissue v2
Authors: Videlock Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

Automated detection of gut Lewy Pathology using Leica Bond RX processor based on Protocol F using Bond Polymer Refine Detection kit (Leica Biosystems,Cat#: DS9800). Adapted from "Method 5" as described in Beach TG et al., J Parkinsons Dis. 2016. Acknowledgments We are grateful to the Banner Sun Health Research Institute Brain and Body Donation Program of Sun City, Arizona, for the provision of human colon tissue and data. The Brain and Body Donation Program is supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U24 NS072026 National Brain and Tissue Resource for Parkinsons Disease and Related Disorders), the National Institute on Aging (P30 AG19610 Arizona Alzheimers Disease Core Center), the Arizona Department of Health Services (contract 211002, Arizona Alzheimers Research Center), the Arizona Biomedical Research Commission (contracts 4001, 0011, 05-901 and 1001 to the Arizona Parkinsons Disease Consortium) and the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinsons Research. We wish to acknowledge Yunfeng Li and the Translational Pathology Core Laboratory (TPCL) at UCLA for assistance with tissue processing, IHC staining, and scanning.
Ultrastructural features of the brain of patients with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia
Authors: Onishchenko Lyudmila S. , Emelin Andrey Yu. , Zueva Olga V. , Dyskin Dmitriy E.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, due to the increase in life expectancy, the problem of cognitive disorders, quite often found in elderly people and being a formidable syndrome of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, is extremely relevant. According to epidemiological data, the most common causes of cognitive dysfunction are Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrovascular diseases, accounting for about 90% of all cases.
AIM: to investigate the morphological features underlying the development of cognitive disorders in Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrovascular pathology.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: According to our developed and patented method of preparation of sectional material for electron microscopy а detailed study of the brain of elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrovascular pathology was carried out using electron microscopy on autopsy material.
RESULTS: Electron microscopy of the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease often reveals large extracellular reticulate-fiber structures closely adjacent to myelin fibers, which are part of a fibrous plaque. In vascular dementia, irregularly shaped hyperchromic masses with heterogeneous contents are found in the neuropil, which may represent future so-called “diffuse” plaques. In Alzheimer’s disease, fragments of future “diffuse” plaques are also observed in the cytoplasm of some cortical oligodendrocytes. In all deceased with Alzheimer’s disease, synaptic changes were found in the form of roughly granular disintegration of the entire synaptocomplex, i.e., synaptic vesicles, mitochondria, and the synaptic cleft proper.
CONCLUSION: This study provides an opportunity to take a new look at some questions of etiology and pathogenesis of such a disease as cognitive disorders, which is not easy to diagnose and treat.
Event II. The development of Eastern medicine in Russia in the 20th century. The contribution of scientists of the Saint Petersburg-Leningrad school
Authors: Andreeva Galina O. , Odinak Miroslav M. , Tsygan Vasiliy N. , Litvinenko Igor' V. , Mamaeva Svetlana A.
Published: December 2024

The article presents the history of the development of traditional oriental medicine in Russia and USSR in the 20th century. Information about Eastern medicine obtained in the 20th century thanks to the employees and doctors of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing has been repeatedly analyzed and rethought. A great contribution to the understanding of Eastern methods of treatment was the translation of Zhud-shi made by P.A. Badmaev. At the beginning of the 20th century, V.V. Korsakov and Ya.A. Violin defended dissertations on Chinese medicine at the Military Medical Academy. In 1948, the outstanding Soviet scientist E.S. Vyazmensky created and defended his dissertation “Chinese Medicine. Its History and Theory in a Brief Essay.” This fundamental work influenced the further development of oriental medicine in the USSR. Having reworked it, the founder of the Gorky School of Reflexology V.G. Vogralik published the book “Essays on Chinese Medicine” by two authors. A contribution to the popularization of Eastern methods of treatment and disease prevention was made by the physician D.N. Stoyanovsky. Close cooperation Working partnership between the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China in the 1950s contributed to the development of traditional oriental medicine in the USSR. Doctors who studied the theory and practice of zhen-jiu in Beijing became leading researchers and founders of schools of acupuncture in their homeland. The foundation of the Leningrad School of Reflexology was laid by E.D. Tykochinskaya. Her endeavors were continued by A.T. Kachan, N.N. Bogdanov at the Leningrad State Institute for Advanced Medical Studies; V.V. Shapkin, M.M. Odinak — at the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy; R.A. Aleksandrova, Yu.D. Ignatov, Yu.N. Vasiliev, D.A. Dubrovin — at the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute; G.A. Suslova — at the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute. In 1997, reflexology was approved as a separate specialty by order of the Russian Ministry of Health.
Features of pathogenesis and tactics of management of patients with ischemic stroke against the background of end-stage chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kolomentsev Sergey V. , Rodyukov Nikita M. , Yakovleva Victoria A. , Shermatyuk Evgeniy I. , Zakharov Mikhail V.
Published: December 2024

Acute cerebrovascular accidents in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease are an important but not well understood problem. The main difficulty is the lack of approved clinical guidelines and large multicenter studies that would allow the determination of a proven approach to therapy in the combination of these diseases. This group of patients is rarely included in clinical trials and has high risks of complications. Up to a third of strokes in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease receiving hemodialysis develop in a hospital and are classified as intrahospital. Assessing the risks associated with performing contrast agent studies in patients with chronic kidney disease is a pressing issue. Kidney damage significantly increases the incidence of adverse outcomes in the acute stage of ischemic stroke, but when using systemic thrombolytic therapy it does not worsen outcomes and does not increase the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. The review article includes retrospective and prospective studies, systematic reviews describing cases of ischemic stroke in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease for the period 2015–2022. The search was conducted in the bibliographic databases MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, eLIBRARY. Articles published only in peer-reviewed scientific journals were selected for the review. The search strategy was a search query for the key terms “ischemic stroke”, “chronic kidney disease”, “hemodialysis”, “thrombolytic therapy”, “angiography”. The reference lists of all published articles and relevant systematic reviews were manually reviewed. A total of 947 titles, 96 full articles were reviewed, 38 of which were included in this review. The article analyzes current concepts of the features of pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors for ischemic stroke in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease receiving renal replacement therapy, as well as discusses approaches to the possibility of performing radiocontrast studies and the features of systemic thrombolytic therapy in this group of patients.
Early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: potential of 18F-FDG PET as a biomarker of neurodegeneration
Authors: Emelin Andrey Yu. , Litvinenko Igor' V. , Lobzin Vladimir Yu. , Lupanov Ivan A. , Kolmakova Kristina A. , Dynin Pavel S. , Boykov Igor' V.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: Dementia is considered one of the most actual medical problems of our time, being one of the main causes of disability among the elderly, and its prevalence will only increase in the coming years. The first place among conditions leading to dementia is given to Alzheimer’s disease (up to 70%). The effectiveness of Alzheimer’s disease therapy largely depends on the timeliness of diagnosis, which leads to the need to search for diagnostic markers that allow to detect the disease at the earliest stages.
AIM: To evaluate the possibilities of using 18F-FDG PET for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cerebral metabolism was assessed using positron emission tomography with 18F-FDG. A total of 183 patients were divided into groups depending on their diagnosis and the severity of cognitive impairment.
RESULTS: A characteristic pattern of cerebral metabolic disorders has been established in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. It can be detected in the early pre-dementia stages and has developmental features as the disease progresses. The pattern was characterized by bilateral hypometabolism in the parietal and temporal cortex with a predominance in its mediobasal sections. An important marker of the development of the neurodegenerative process was a metabolic disorder of the cingulate gyrus, the posterior sections of which are affected already at the earliest stages of the disease, while the involvement of its anterior sections reflects the transition to the stage of severe dementia. Described metabolic disorders prevailed in the dominant (left) brain hemisphere at all stages of the disease.
CONCLUSION: Currently 18F-FDG PET can be considered the most informative of the available methods for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease which have a fairly high degree of accuracy.
The main scientific and practical results of the study at the Military Medical Academy of combat pathology during the Special Military operation
Authors: Ivchenko Evgeniy V. , Ovchinnikov Dmitrii V.
Published: December 2024

The development of problems of combat pathology is a constant focus of scientific interests of scientists of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy. With the beginning of a Special military operation, it received a new impetus for development both due to the large clinical material and due to changes in the structure and nature of modern combat pathology. The relevant teams have joined forces to develop the most priority tasks. Based on the analysis of the mortality of wounded on the battlefield, the principles of “tactical medicine” were developed and implemented in practice, aimed at combating the most common causes of death at the pre-hospital stage, and training cycles for instructors for the whole country were organized in the established Center for Tactical Medicine. Principles of anesthesia and shock control at the stages of medical evacuation have been developed. Based on the study of the structure of combat surgical pathology, the tactics of screening diagnosis of hidden injuries during medical triage are proposed, the principles of staged surgical treatment of wounds (the principle of damage control) are clarified, an integrated system of treatment of wounded with injuries of the musculoskeletal system is developed. At the hospital stage, improved methods for the prevention of thromboembolic complications, treatment of phantom pain syndrome, and stress-associated mental disorders are proposed. The spectrum of wound infection pathogens and existing antibiotic resistance has been studied, new wound dressings have been developed. A prototype of the system of professional psychological selection and support of operators of unmanned aerial vehicles has been formed. Guidelines on military field surgery and military field therapy have been developed, more than 50 methodological recommendations on the most in-demand issues of organization and provision of medical care. Thus, in a little more than 900 days, the scientists of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy has carried out a huge amount of work only in scientific terms, introducing the results into the practice of military doctors. This makes it possible to achieve the best performance indicators of the medical service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in comparison with previous conflicts.
Challenges in diagnosis of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome
Authors: Krasakov Igor' V. , Litvinenko Igor' V. , Dyskin Dmitriy E.
Published: December 2024

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a neurodegenerative disease recently described in the literature with a low percentage of detectability in patients due to insufficient awareness of doctors. The clinical picture is characterized by high phenotypic variability and coincidence of symptoms with other, more well-known motor disorders, in connection with which patients are observed for a long time with erroneous diagnoses. The issue of the differential diagnosis fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome with essential tremor, Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, spinocerebellar ataxia and progressive supranuclear paralysis is highlighted separately. In order to demonstrate the complexity of the diagnosis of this disease, a description of a case of genetically confirmed case of genetically confirmed fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome is presented. The described clinical case is represented by a combination of asymmetric disabling postural kinetic tremor of the hands, minor resting tremor, moderate cerebellar ataxia, asymmetric moderate dopa-responsive parkinsonism syndrome, mild cognitive impairment and psychotic symptoms. Not only the clinical picture of the disease is described in detail, but also the hereditary history of the patient: the results of a genetic study of a daughter premutation carriers of the FMR1 gene and a grandson suffering from Martin–Bell syndrome. A special feature of the clinical case is the long-term erroneous observation of a patient diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, as well as high-dose therapy with levodopa/carbidopa 250 mg + 25 mg (up to 6 tablets per day). When studying the available domestic literature, the previously described cases of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome were not found.
Eye line tracking evaluation system (Eye-tracking) for diagnosing the state of integrative brain functions
Authors: Naumov Konstantin M. , Chapliev Il’ya Yu. , Litvinenko Igor V. , Tsygan Nikolay V. , Lobzin Vladimir Yu. , Ryabtsev Aleksandr V.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: Currently, against the background of an increase in the proportion of the population of the older age group in the world, the issue of early diagnosis of developing cognitive impairment in patients with various diseases of the nervous system, as well as the search for effective biomarkers that would indicate the beginning of their development, is becoming more and more urgent. Cognitive functions are the highest manifestation of complex integrative processes occurring in the central nervous system, one of the most important ways of information entry into which is the visual analyzer. In the process of assessing the surrounding space, the oculomotor system performs the most difficult work to synchronize the visual axes of the eyes to obtain the clearest possible image. The sequence and duration of fixations on the elements of the object are determined, among other things, by the thinking process, which determines the analysis and assimilation of the received information. It is the disturbances in the work of this system that can occur at the early stages of the development of cognitive dysfunctions, as a result of disintegration processes in the brain. Thus, disintegration markers may be important predictors of developing cognitive impairment in nervous system diseases.
AIM: of the work was to develop a method for assessing the state of the eye position system in patients with initial cognitive dysfunctions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the process, we developed an experiment in the form of a sequence of visual stimuli with audio and text accompaniment, which were presented with a certain sequence and for a limited time, which was presented to the subjects as part of the solution of the cognitive task. Eye movements were recorded in real time using the Pupil Invisible ai-tracking system, which contains two integrated infrared cameras with a frequency of 200 Hz in its design. Based on the results of assessing the digital characteristics of the parameters of eye movements (the number of fixations, their duration and position on the coordinate axis), the so-called “heat maps” were generated and analyzed.
RESULTS: In order to be able to quantify the resulting heat maps, we have developed a methodology for quantifying the results obtained. The developed methods make it possible to start collecting data to identify typical oculomotor patterns in solving cognitive tasks, both in healthy people and in patients with mild cognitive impairment, for the subsequent application of the method in clinical practice.
Reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity after ranibizumab treatment
Authors: Revta Andrey M. , Usynina Anna A.
Published: December 2024

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the most common causes of visual disability in children born prematurely. Intravitreal injection of angiogenesis inhibitors (antivascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] therapy) is considered one of the conservative methods of treating ROP.
Aim: This study aimed to present a clinical case of ROP reactivation after intravitreal injection of the antiVEGF drug ranibizumab (Lucentis).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The course of retinopathy in a premature infant with extremely low birth weight was studied.
RESULTS: A patient diagnosed with ROP, a posterior aggressive form of both eyes, received intravitreal injections of an angiogenesis inhibitor at 36 postconceptional weeks. During subsequent follow-up, disease progression was noted, which necessitated repeated ranibizumab administrations to both eyes. Over time, tractional retinal detachment developed in the right eye, and the disease progressed more slowly in the left eye. At the age of 1 year, ROP rapidly progressed to stage 4B in the left eye. Lens vitrectomy was performed sequentially on the right and then on the left eye. At the age of 1.5 years, the patient had coarse preretinal adhesions in the posterior pole of both eyes and had no spatial vision, whereas light perception was preserved.
CONCLUSION: Intravitreal ranibizumab administration for posteriorly aggressive ROP does not exclude its reactivation both early and late after administrations. Further improvement in treatment methods for ROP is necessary.
State of the pediatric ophthalmology service of the Russian Federation in 2014–2022
Authors: Katargina Lyudmila A. , Mikhailova Lyudmila А. , Demchenko Elena N.
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of the analysis of the dynamics of the main performance indicators of the pediatric ophthalmology service from 2014 to 2022. The number of ophthalmology offices (from 6.262 in 2014 to 6.037 in 2022) and children’s ophthalmology beds (from 2.,558 to 2.094) decreased, and the number of ophthalmologists decreased by 681 individuals, 7.3% of the total, in the Russian Federation. The provision of ophthalmologists and ophthalmology beds per 10,000 individuals in 2022 is presented for individual federal districts (FDs) of the Russian Federation. To date, North Caucasus FD and Southern FD received the lowest provision with ophthalmologists per 10,000 individuals (0.69 and 0.68, respectively), whereas Northwestern FD and Far Eastern FD received the highest provision (1.03 and 0.89, respectively). The number of visits to ophthalmologists by children, including for preventive purposes, decreased, and the efficiency of preventive examinations increased, which led to an increase in the proportion of diseases detected during routine examinations by nearly three times. The paper presents the detection rate of ophthalmological diseases during preventive examinations in children by FDs in 2022. On average, the coverage of regular medical check-ups of children with ophthalmological diseases in the Russian Federation has increased (from 25.5% in 2014 to 42% in 2023), and the values of this indicator in individual FDs in 2022 are indicated. The highest and lowest coverage of regular medical check-ups were noted in the Siberian FD (54.0%) and Far Eastern FD (33%), respectively. The indicators of overall and primary morbidity of ophthalmological diseases in general and individual nosological forms, blindness, low vision, and disability were analyzed. The dynamics of surgical activity indicators in the FDs of the Russian Federation are presented.
Optic pit: to operate or to observe?
Authors: Alexandrova Jeanne L. , Bayborodov Yaroslav V. , Schefer Kristina K. , Shilov Alexander I.
Published: December 2024

AIM: To evaluate the dynamics of maximally corrected visual acuity and retinoschisis height in children with congenital optic pit during dynamic observation and determine the terms and indications for surgical treatment.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the examination and follow-up of 22 patients (23 eyes), two groups were identified. Group 1 included 11 patients (11 eyes) who underwent surgical treatment because of the negative dynamics of BCVA (more than 0.1 in 6 months) and an increase in the formation of neuroepithelial detachment (NED) found in optical coherence tomography (OCT). Group 2 consisted of 11 patients (12 eyes) who had no significant deterioration in BCVA and had a stable OCT pattern for 6 months. The patients from group 2 were only under dynamic supervision. The dynamics of BCVA after surgery in the presence of indications and the stability of BCVA in the case of dynamic observation in the absence of negative dynamics were compared.
RESULTS: In the absence of a decrease in BCVA by more than 0.1 and without progression of neuroepithelial detachment, according to OCT data, only dynamic monitoring is required. Surgical treatment of complications with fovea should be performed according to indications. The treatment leads to gradual (up to 15–18 months) regression of retinoschisis and detachment of the retinal neuroepithelium and increases and stabilizes the BCVA.
CONCLUSION: If there are signs of progression of the process (decreased visual acuity, increased height and extent of detachment, edema, and separation of the retinal neuroepithelium), the patient should be referred to a vitreoretinal surgeon for surgical treatment 6 months after the initial examination, with a decrease in the maximum corrected visual acuity by more than 0.1 with concomitant negative dynamics according to optical coherent tomography in the form of increased detachment of the neuroepithelium.
On the issue of the new edition of the international classification of retinopathy of prematurity. Part 2
Authors: Saidasheva Elvira I.
Published: December 2024

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of visual disability from early childhood. Foreign researchers and clinicians are focused on studying a new pharmacological method of treatment of active RN using anti-VEGF drugs, which was a reason that prompted updates in the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ICROP) in 2021. The second part of the article presents new terms recommended by the Committee for the ICROP: “regression,” which refers to the involution and resolution of the disease, and “reactivation,” which denotes a recurrence of signs in the acute phase. Notably, the latest edition of the ICROP requires a deep understanding and accurate application by domestic specialists treating ROP. This contributes to the standardization of therapeutic and diagnostic processes, therefore, improving the quality of ROP treatment in Russia.
Elective and emergency cervical cerclage and pregnancy outcomes-a prospective observational study
Authors: Thomas Deepika Theresa , Agarwal Preet
Published: December 2024

Background: Aim of the study was to analyze the prolongation of pregnancy (the mean cerclage to delivery interval) after elective and emergency cervical cerclage and to analyze the maternal and fetal outcome following cerclage.
Methods: It is a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Sri Ramachandra Medical College among 130 patients who underwent cervical cerclage at our hospital. History of previous preterm deliveries, abortions, recent ultrasonography (USG) cervical length findings noted. The USG findings of cervical length, funneling, ballooning of membrane and internal os diameter has been recorded. Cerclage related details like gestational age at suture, cerclage to delivery interval, type of suture material, method of cerclage, gestational age at delivery and neonatal outcomes has been noted.
Results: In the USG and history-based cerclage group, prolongation of pregnancy was a mean of 21 weeks, and majority-77.8% delivered at term, compared to the rescue cerclage group where prolongation was a mean of 10 weeks, and majority-76.2% had late preterm deliveries.
Conclusions: Albeit rescue cerclages known to be associated with infections, rupture of membranes, preterm labor/preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), it has significantly reduced the perinatal morbidity and mortality by prolongation of pregnancy to at least late preterm, in most patients, in this present study.
Resection of a nasal arteriovenous malformation with favourable aesthetic outcome: a case report
Authors: Hidalgo Melissa De A. , Ramírez Axel P. , Chang Emiliano O. , Vitelly Antonio U.
Published: December 2024

This case report details the management of a high-flow arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in a 13-year-old male, a rare condition in pediatric patients. The AVM, located on the left nasal wing, initially presented as a progressively enlarging purple nodule with recurrent bleeding. Initial treatment included embolization on 11 November 2022, which halted growth and led to partial involution. Despite this, renewed bleeding urged further intervention. The patient’s significant medical history, including chronic cardiopathy, added complexity to his care. A two-step treatment approach, including transcatheter embolization followed by surgical resection, achieved approximately 95% devascularization. The post-operative course showed satisfactory recovery with no complications. This case highlights the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach in managing complex facial AVMs and underscores the need for ongoing monitoring and individualized treatment strategies.
Rapid ventricular response atrial fibrillation in an uncontrolled hyperthyroidism patient
Authors: Semara Putu Bagus Aditya Putra , Wulandari Dewi Catur , Ambara Gede Surya
Published: December 2024

Hyperthyroidism, defined as elevated blood levels of thyroid hormone with reduced levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac complication in patients with hyperthyroidism. There is several pathophysiology of AF in hyperthyroidism such as an increase atrial pressure, ischemia, and ion disturbance of the myocardium. In hemodynamically unstable patients should be carried out electric cardioversion. The choice of rate or rhythm control is determined based on the case. Beta-blockers inhibit sympathetic activity in the AV node so that it can inhibit the ventricular rate. Antithyroid drugs are widely used in the management due to restoration of euthyroidism is fundamental in the management of hyperthyroidism related AF.
Negociación y fidelidad en tiempos de guerra. Donativos limeños durante la administración del virrey Abascal, 1806-1814
Authors: Morán Daniel , Yarango Jesús , Carcelén Carlos
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de nuestra investigación es analizar la negociación realizada entre el virrey de Perú, José Fernando de Abascal, y algunos miembros de la elite limeña para conseguir donaciones, tomando como punto de partida su ingreso al poder en 1806 y concluyendo nuestro análisis con la creación de la Junta de Arbitrios en 1814. Para cumplir el objetivo utilizaremos como corpus documental los libros mayores y manuales de la Caja Matriz de Lima, la correspondencia del virrey Abascal resguardada en la Biblioteca Nacional del Perú, y los periódicos Minerva Peruana y Gaceta del Gobierno de Lima. A partir de esta indagación, buscaremos demostrar la postura política que tomaron algunos de estos personajes y los beneficios que pudieron obtener.