bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TECENDO NARRATIVAS SOCIAIS
Authors: Solon Rufino Ana Clara , Araújo Darwich Rosângela
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho teve como objetivo refletir acerca de aspectos socioculturais que se fazem presentes nos registros fotográficos de Nayara Jinknss. Foram escolhidas cinco fotografias do Mercado do Ver-o-Peso, em que estão presentes narrativas visuais carregadas de significados que desvelam tanto a história e a beleza da cidade, quanto a realidade de muitos habitantes de Belém, que se encontram em situação de ampla vulnerabilidade social. Para análise das fotografias de Jinknss, procuramos seguir um diálogo com os autores Barthes (1984), Joly (2007), Viviane e Noronha (2021) das áreas de análise de imagem, fotografia e decolonidade, sendo a pesquisa do tipo qualitativo-descritiva e exploratória. Concluímos que as fotografias analisadas ultrapassam as fronteiras de registros estéticos, constituindo uma narrativa visual envolta por signos que constituem uma alternativa de resistência diante de graves problemas sociais.
Standardization of Sucrose Concentration in Micropropagation of Valuable Aquascape Plant Echinodorus grisebachii
Authors: Baby Greeshma , Rafeekher M. , K.B Soni, , I Priya Kumari , C.R Reshmi , A Sheena. , M Abdul Rahman , P M Hasna
Published: December 2024

Aims: To standardize the optimum sucrose concentration in shooting and rooting medium in micropropagation of valuable aquascape plant Echinodorus grisebachii.
Study Design: CRD.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture Vellayani 2022-2024.
Methodology: In this study, eight treatments were evaluated separately for their effectiveness in shooting and rooting medium. For the shooting medium, 2 mgL-1 BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and 3 sucrose concentrations (10, 20,30) gL⁻¹ were used in the MS medium and half-strength MS medium. For rooting medium 3.0 mgL⁻¹ IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid), three concentrations of sucrose as in shooting medium were tried.
Results: The result of the study showed that out of 8 treatments tried for shooting medium MS + 2mgL-1 + 30 gL⁻¹ sucrose was best resulted in Shoot initiation (100 %), Minimum days to shoot emergence (6.17), Maximum number of shoots (9.83), Longest shoot (10.33) and maximum number of leaves (31). For rooting medium ½ MS + 3.0 mgL⁻¹ IBA + 30 gL⁻¹ sucrose was best resulted in minimum number of days in root emergence (12.58) and maximum root initiation percentage (99.25).
Conclusion: An effective concentration of sucrose was standardized for Echinodorus grisebachii.
Assessment of Insecticide Compatibility with Metarhizium anisopliae for Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) Management in Maize
Authors: Sugeetha G , Adwaitha M V , Reddy K S Nikhil , Mahadevu P , Mahadeva J
Published: December 2024

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is an invasive pest of maize, which are kept under control by mostly chemical insecticides. The environmental impact and potential for resistance development due to continuous use of insecticides has resulted in the search for alternatives for the management of FAW. Metarhizium anisopliae, an entomopathogenic fungus (EPF), is a promising biological control agent that has been recorded effective against several lepidopteram pests including S. frugiperda. An array of insecticides have been recommended for the management of FAW, while simultaneous studies pertaining to evaluation of EPF are made to target the pest through non chemical approaches. However, the compatibility between insecticides and the entomopathogenic fungus M. anisopliae has not been studied at large. The present study focuses on the compatibility of insecticides with EPF in the management of FAW. Six insecticides, representing different chemical classes, were tested at their field recommended doses for their inhibitory effects on M. anisopliae fungal colony growth, at various concentrations (50%, 75%, and recommended concentrations). Mycelial growth inhibition was measured at 7, 14, and 21 days after inoculation (DAI). Results showed that most insecticides exhibited varying degrees of compatibility with M. anisopliae, with growth inhibition ranging from 6.25% to 51.88% at 7 DAI. The lowest growth inhibition occurred with Emamectin benzoate 5 SG and Novaluron 5.25 + Emamectin benzoate 0.9 SC, showing minimal suppression of fungal growth. In contrast, Spinetoram 11.7 SC and Thiodicarb 75 WP caused significant inhibition at higher concentrations, with the latter showing up to 51.88% inhibition at 7 DAI. At 14 and 21 DAI, the growth inhibition generally decreased across treatments, with Chlorantraniliprole 9.3 + Lambda-cyhalothrin 4.6 ZC and Emamectin benzoate 5 SG demonstrating the best compatibility. Overall, the results suggest that most insecticides tested were compatible with M. anisopliae, with Spinetoram and Thiodicarb being exceptions, particularly at higher concentrations. This study provides valuable insights into selecting insecticide-fungus combinations for integrated pest management.
Impacts of Calotropis and Azadirachta Green Leaf Manure and Bio Decomposer on Growth and Yield of Lentil
Authors: Solanki Amit , Chauhan Rajesh Singh , Aakash  , Kumar Ajay , Chandel Shiv Kant Singh , Singh Veer , Aakansha  , Ram Net , Singh Satya Veer
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of integrated nitrogen management on growth and yield of lentil (Lens culinaris Madik.) at Agronomic Research Farm, R. S. M. (P. G.) College, Dhampur (Bijnor) during the Rabi season 2023. The experiment was laid down in a randomized block design having seven treatments i.e. Control, RDN (80% N) + Calotropis gigantea green leaf manuring (GLM) (20% N), RDN (80% N) + Neem GLM (20% N), RDN (80% N) + Calotropis gigantea GLM (20% N) + waste decomposer soil application (WDSA), RDN (80% N) + Neem GLM (20% N) + WDSA, RDN (80% N) + Calotropis gigantea leaf Cutting (20% N) dipped in waste decomposer (WD) solution, RDN (80% N) + Neem leaf Cutting (20% N) dipped in WD solution) and replicated three times. Significant increase in growth characters (plant height and fresh weight), yield contributing character (number of pods) and yields (grain yield and straw yield) was observed with integrated nitrogen management over control. Moreover, among integrated nitrogen management treatments, the integration of RDN (80% N) + Neem leaf Cutting (20% N) dipped in WD solution) came out to be best for growth parameters, yield attribute and yield. It is concluded from the experiment that RDN (80% N) + Neem leaf Cutting (20% N) dipped in WD solution is the most effective treatment for enhancing lentil production under Dhampur conditions. Recommendation of this findings would allow Lentil farmers to save money which otherwise would be spent on nitrogenous fertilizer.
Sex differences in the impact of social status on hair cortisol concentrations in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Vandeleest Jessica J. , Winkler Sasha L. , Beisner Brianne A. , Hannibal Darcy L. , Atwill Edward R. , McCowan Brenda
Published: December 2019

Social status impacts stress in primates, but the direction of the effect differs depending on species, social style, and group stability. This complicates our ability to identify broadly applicable principles for understanding how social status impacts health and fitness. One reason for this is the fact that social status is often measured as linear dominance rank, yet social status is more complex than simply high or low rank. Additionally, most research on social status and health ignores the effects of sex and sex‐specific relationships, despite known differences in disease risk, coping strategies, and opposite‐sex dominance interactions between males and females in many species. We examine the influence of social status, sex, and opposite‐sex interactions on hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in a well‐studied species, rhesus macaques, where the literature predicts low ranking individuals would experience more chronic stress. Animals in three captive, seminaturalistic social groups (N = 252; 71 male) were observed for 6 weeks to obtain metrics of social status (rank and dominance certainty [DC]). DC is a measure of one's fit within the hierarchy. Hair samples were collected from each subject and analyzed for HCC. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine (a) whether rank, DC, or sex predicted HCC; (b) whether same‐ or opposite‐sex dominance relationships differentially impacted HCC; and (c) whether aggressive interactions initiated or received could explain any observed relationships. Results indicated that DC, not rank, predicted HCC in a sex‐specific manner. For males, high HCC were predicted by receiving aggression from or having high DC with other males as well as having low DC with females. For females, only high DC with males predicted high HCC. These results likely relate to sex‐specific life history pattern differences in inherited versus earned rank that are tied to female philopatry and male immigration.
Conditionality in the context of housing‐led homelessness policy: Comparing Australia’s Housing First agenda to Scotland’s “rights‐based” approach
Authors: Clarke Andrew , Watts Beth , Parsell Cameron
Published: December 2019

Homelessness services and policy have historically tended to be organised by an explicitly conditional logic, wherein people experiencing homelessness must prove their “housing readiness” before accessing settled housing. This model has been robustly challenged in recent decades by “housing‐led” approaches that ostensibly eschew conditionality and prioritise the rapid rehousing of people experiencing homelessness. Various countries now include housing‐led approaches in the national policy frameworks, including Australia, which overhauled its approach to homelessness in 2008, and Scotland, where a housing‐led approach is supported by a legal right to housing for homeless households. Notwithstanding this policy shift, conditionality remains an enduring feature of responses to homelessness in both jurisdictions. This paper sheds light on this phenomenon by comparing the Australian experience with that of Scotland. We demonstrate how conditionality remains a feature of both jurisdictions; however, there is greater effort in Scotland to identify and minimise conditionality, whereas in Australia it is able to persist relatively unchallenged. We conclude with some reflections on what Australia can learn from Scotland’s relative success, highlighting the importance of a national‐level policy framework and an adequate affordable housing supply.
Derivation of a model to predict mortality in urban patients with accidental hypothermia: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Uemura Tatsuki , Kimura Akio , Matsuda Wataru , Sasaki Ryo , Kobayashi Kentaro
Published: December 2019

Aim

Accidental hypothermia in urban settings is associated with high mortality rates. However, the predictors of mortality remain under discussion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prognostic factors and develop a prediction model in patients with accidental hypothermia in urban settings.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed medical records in patients with hypothermia brought to our hospital by ambulance in a 7‐year study period. Patients’ records of survival discharge or in‐hospital death and clinical data were collected from medical records. We analyzed factors to predict in‐hospital death using multiple logistic regression analysis. Recursive partitioning analysis was used to construct a prediction model using predictors from multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

In the study period, 192 patients were included in this study. Of them, 154 patients were discharged alive and 38 patients died. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that in‐hospital death was related to Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, prothrombin time – international normalized ratio (PT‐INR) value, and fibrin degradation product (FDP). Recursive partitioning analysis revealed that patients with accidental hypothermia could be divided into four groups: very high risk (FDP ≥ 14 µg/mL, PT‐INR ≥ 1.4), high risk (FDP ≥ 14 µg/mL, PT‐INR < 1.4), moderate risk (FDP < 14 µg/mL, GCS < 10), and low risk (FDP < 14 µg/mL, GCS ≥ 10).

Conclusion

High FDP and PT‐INR values and low GCS score on arrival at the emergency department were associated with in‐hospital mortality in urban patients with hypothermia. A simple prediction model for grouping risk was developed using these predictors.
Restoration of Somatosensory Function by Pairing Vagus Nerve Stimulation with Tactile Rehabilitation
Authors: Darrow Michael J. , Mian Tabarak M. , Torres Miranda , Haider Zainab , Danaphongse Tanya , Rennaker Robert L. , Kilgard Michael P. , Hays Seth A.
Published: December 2019

Objective

Sensory dysfunction is a common consequence of many forms of neurological injury, including stroke and nerve damage. Rehabilitative paradigms that incorporate sensory retraining can provide modest benefits, but the majority of patients are left with lasting sensory loss. We have developed a novel strategy that uses closed‐loop vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with tactile rehabilitation to enhance synaptic plasticity and facilitate recovery of sensory function.

Methods

A clinical case report provides initial evidence that a similar implementation of closed‐loop VNS paired with a tactile rehabilitation regimen could improve recovery of somatosensory function. Here, we sought to build on these promising initial clinical data and rigorously evaluate the ability of VNS paired with tactile rehabilitation to improve recovery in an animal model of chronic sensory loss. The study design, including planned sample size, assessments, and statistical comparisons, was preregistered prior to beginning data collection (https://osf.io/xsnj5/).

Results

VNS paired with tactile rehabilitation resulted in a significant and nearly complete recovery of mechanosensory withdrawal thresholds. Equivalent tactile rehabilitation without VNS failed to improve sensory function. This VNS‐dependent restoration of sensory thresholds was maintained for several months after the cessation of stimulation, illustrating long‐term benefits. Moreover, VNS paired with tactile rehabilitation resulted in significant generalized improvements in other measures of sensorimotor forepaw function.

Interpretation

Given the safety and tolerability of VNS therapy, these findings suggest that incorporating VNS paired with sensory retraining into rehabilitative regimens may represent a fundamentally new method to increase recovery of sensory function after neurological injury. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:194–205
Fabrication and characterization of nanoencapsulated epoxy resin/crosslinked PMMA shells with in situ polymerization via phase inversion emulsion (PIE) method
Authors: Bidgoli Mahboobeh Allahyarzadeh , Hayaty Mehran
Published: December 2019

Encapsulated epoxy resin healing agents with poly(methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a thermoplastic polymeric shell are suffered from leakage of the core after a while. This problem leads to loss of their performance and its ability in self‐healing systems. One way to stop or reduce the leakage of the core is crosslinking the PMMA shell. In this study, nanoencapsulation of epoxy healing agent with crosslinked PMMA as shell was carried out by in situ polymerization via phase inversion emulsion method. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was employed as crosslinking agent. Nonionic (SPAN 60) and ionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate) surfactants were used for competitive adsorption and phase inversion in emulsion system. Chemical structures, morphologies, and thermal properties of nanocapsules were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. SEM investigations showed that nanocapsules had a particle size of less than 100 nm with a narrow particle size distribution. Efficiency of nanoencapsulation was equal to 83.5%. And synthesized nanocapsules had at least 37% core contents. Nanocapsules with crosslinked shell were able to maintain liquid core up to 18 weeks, while, noncrosslinked shell lost core content after 14 weeks. It seems that low crosslink density has no effect on capsule durability. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48793.
Topical moistening of mastectomy wounds with diluted tranexamic acid to reduce bleeding: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ausen K , Hagen A I , Østbyhaug H S , Olafsson S , Kvalsund B J , Spigset O , Pleym H
Published: December 2019

Background

Topical administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) may be an alternative to intravenous administration to reduce bleeding with a lower risk of systemic adverse events. The aim of this study was to investigate whether moistening a surgical wound with TXA before closure, leaving a thin film of drug only, would reduce postoperative bleeding.

Methods

This was a two-centre, stratified, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, double-blind RCT. Patients undergoing mastectomy with or without axillary lymph node clearance were randomized 1 : 1 to moistening of wound surface before closure with either 25 mg/ml TXA or 0·9 per cent sodium chloride (placebo). The primary endpoint was postoperative bleeding as measured by drain production in the first 24 h. Secondary endpoints were early haematoma, total drain production, postoperative complications and late aspirations of seroma within 3 months.

Results

Between 1 January 2016 and 31 August 2018, 208 patients were randomized. Two patients were converted to a different surgical procedure at surgery, and four did not receive the intervention owing to technical error. Thus, 202 patients were included in the study (101 in the TXA and 101 in the placebo group). TXA reduced mean drain production at 24 h (110 versus 144 ml; mean difference 34 (95 per cent c.i. 8 to 60) ml, P = 0·011). One patient in the TXA group had early haematoma compared with seven in the placebo group (odds ratio (OR) 0·13 (95 per cent c.i. 0·02 to 1·07); P = 0·057). There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between TXA and placebo (13 versus 10; OR 1·11 (0·45 to 2·73), P = 0·824) or need for late seroma aspirations (79 versus 67 per cent; OR 1·83 (0·91 to 3·68), P = 0·089).

Conclusion

Moistening the wound with TXA 25 mg/ml before closure reduces postoperative bleeding within the first 24 h in patients undergoing mastectomy. Registration number: NCT02627560 (https://clinicaltrials.gov).
A phase 2 study of GVAX colon vaccine with cyclophosphamide and pembrolizumab in patients with mismatch repair proficient advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: Yarchoan Mark , Huang Chiung‐Yu , Zhu Qingfeng , Ferguson Anna K. , Durham Jennifer N. , Anders Robert A. , Thompson Elizabeth D. , Rozich Noah S. , Thomas Dwayne L. , Nauroth Julie M. , Rodriguez Christina , Osipov Arsen , De Jesus‐Acosta Ana , Le Dung T. , Murphy Adrian G. , Laheru Daniel , Donehower Ross C. , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Zheng Lei , Azad Nilofer S.
Published: December 2019

Background

Mismatch repair proficient (MMRp) colorectal cancer (CRC) has been refractory to single‐agent programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) inhibitor therapy. Colon GVAX is an allogeneic, whole‐cell, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor ‐secreting cellular immunotherapy that induces T‐cell immunity against tumor‐associated antigens and has previously been studied in combination with low‐dose cyclophosphamide (Cy) to inhibit regulatory T cells.

Methods

We conducted a single‐arm study of GVAX/Cy in combination with the PD1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in patients with advanced MMRp CRC. Patients received pembrolizumab plus Cy on day 1, GVAX on day 2, of a 21‐day cycle. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. Secondary objectives included safety, overall survival, progression‐free survival, changes in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, and immune‐related correlates.

Results

Seventeen patients were enrolled. There were no objective responses, and the disease control rate was 18% by RECIST 1.1. The median progression‐free survival was 82 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 48‐97 days) and the median overall survival was 213 days (95% CI 179‐441 days). Biochemical responses (≥30% decline in CEA) were observed in 7/17 (41%) of patients. Grade ≥ 3 treatment‐related adverse events were observed in two patients (hemolytic anemia and corneal transplant rejection). Paired pre‐ and on‐treatment biopsy specimens showed increases in programmed death‐ligand 1 expression and tumor necrosis in a subset of patients.

Conclusions

GVAX/Cy plus pembrolizumab failed to meet its primary objective in MMRp CRC. Biochemical responses were observed in a subset of patients and have not previously been observed with pembrolizumab monotherapy in MMRp CRC, indicating that GVAX may modulate the antitumor immune response.
Landscape of distant metastasis mode and current chemotherapy efficacy of the advanced biliary tract cancer in the United States, 2010‐2016
Authors: Wang Jie , Bo Xiaobo , Nan Lingxi , Wang Chang Cheng , Gao Zhihui , Suo Tao , Ni Xiaoling , Liu Han , Lu Pinxiang , Wang Yueqi , Liu Houbao
Published: December 2019

Background

The distant metastasis (DM) mode and treatment efficacies in the advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) were obscure, and a credible evaluation is urgently needed.

Method

A total of 6348 advanced BTC patients (ICC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, n = 1762; PHCC, perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, n = 1103; GBC, gallbladder cancer, n = 2580; DCC, distal cholangiocarcinoma, n = 538; AVC, carcinoma of Vater ampulla, n = 365) were enrolled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity score matching (PSM) process was carried out for less bias.

Result

The proportion of M1 patients in each subtype at first diagnosis was 26.4% (ICC), 37.2% (PHCC), 41. 0% (GBC), 24.5% (DCC), and 12.7% (AVC), and the constitution of DM sites in different subtypes varied apparently. Moreover, the survival of metastasis sites was different (P < .05 in all the subtypes) where the multi‐metastasis and distant lymph node (dLN) only always indicated the worst and best prognosis, respectively. Chemotherapy presented the most significant survival impact with the lowest hazard ratio by multivariate cox model and still provided a survival improvement after PSM (all P < .001) in all subtypes. However, the median months manifested different between patients with and without chemotherapy among the subtypes (ICC, from 5 to 9; PHCC, from 6 to 10; AVC, from 4 to 9; GBC, from 6 to 7; DCC from 6 to 8).

Conclusion

We provided a landscape about the detailed DM mode of the advanced BTC in a large population, found the survival differences among DM sites, and revealed the different chemotherapy efficacies in the BTC subtypes.
Here today, gone tomorrow: Outcomes of residual leak following secundum atrial septal defect closure with the GORE CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder
Authors: Gordon Brent M. , Abudayyeh Islam , Goble Jake , Collado Nancy A. , Paolillo Joseph
Published: December 2019

Objective

To assess the outcomes and potential predictors of residual leak after implantation of the GORE CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder (GSO) in secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs).

Background

The non‐self‐centering design of the GSO could lead to residual leak at the edge of the device. Outcomes of residual leak are poorly understood.

Methods

Retrospective, multicenter review of patients treated with the GSO for the pivotal and continued access study. Procedural, echocardiographic, and follow up data were reviewed. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine predictors of leak at implant and outcomes of these leaks.

Results

There were 370 total ASD device closures with the GSO, 65 (17.56%) of which were found to have residual leak at implantation. Patients with residual leak had larger defects (10.33 ± 3.05 mm vs. 9.13 ± 2.89 mm, p = .006) and smaller aortic rims (4.87 ± 3.33 mm vs. 6.17 ± 3.78 mm, p = .019), as compared to those without leak. Larger devices were implanted (p = .008) and more devices per case (p = .007) were utilized in the residual leak cohort as compared to those without leak. Overall, among patients with residual leak, there was a significant decrease in leak size over 1 year, from 1.55 ± 0.75 mm to 0.25 ± 0.74 mm (p < .001), with the majority (87.6%) disappearing by 12‐month follow‐up.

Conclusions

Residual leak at implantation can be seen after ASD device closure with the GSO, more commonly in larger defects with smaller retroaortic rims. The vast majority of these leaks completely resolve by 1 year follow up.
Long‐term outcomes of percutaneous closure of coronary artery fistulae in the adult: A single‐center experience
Authors: Shah Ashish H. , Osten Mark , Benson Lee , Alnasser Sami , Bach Yvonne , Meier Lukas , Horlick Eric
Published: December 2019

Coronary artery fistulae (CAF) are rare congenital cardiac abnormalities. With increasing age, patients with moderate to large fistulae are likely to become symptomatic and encounter complications. Percutaneous closure has been accepted as a safe and effective alternative to surgery; however, information regarding long‐term outcomes in adult patients after transcatheter closure is limited.

Methods

We describe our 20‐year experience with percutaneous closure of CAF in adult patients, focusing on long‐term outcomes.

Results

From 1995 to 2015, 25 adult patients underwent 33 transcatheter interventions to close 26 CAF at our institution. Mean age was 51.4 ± 16.8 years, and 14 (56%) were female. All the patients were symptomatic with dyspnea (21/25, 84%) being the most common complaint followed by chest pain (17/25, 68%), palpitations (9/25, 36%), and heart failure (2/25, 8%). Two patients presented with acute coronary syndrome, whereas 10/25 (40%) also had inducible ischemia on stress test. These CAFs were classified as medium (12, 46.2%), large (5, 19.2%), and giant (9, 34.6%). Immediately postprocedure complete occlusion was achieved in 21 (21/26, 81%), and residual trace leak was observed in three fistulae, whereas we could not deliver coils/device in two cases. Periprocedural complications occurred in the form of coronary dissection (n = 1), myocardial infarction (n = 2), coil embolization (n = 1), transient ST elevation (n = 1); the majority of complications were observed in the early years of our experience. Patients reported marked improvement in symptoms after the intervention. During a mean follow‐up of 76 ± 69 (5–214 months) (n = 22), 15 patients were investigated by either conventional (n = 6) or CT angiography (n = 8) or both (n = 1) that demonstrated thrombotic occlusion of a proximal coronary artery where a distal fistula was treated. Another patient was noted to have thrombus proximal to a vascular plug in a distal giant fistula. Three patients were lost to follow‐up. None of the investigated patients had recanalization of their fistula. We did not observe remodeling of the native coronary artery that was feeding the fistula, even after successful complete closure.

Conclusion

Percutaneous device closure of CAF is a feasible and effective therapeutic intervention in adult patients; however, patients with distal fistulas represent a significant challenge and the outcomes of these procedures are in question. All patients should have long‐term angiographic follow‐up.
Integrating the residual SYNTAX score to improve the predictive ability of the age, creatinine, and ejection fraction (ACEF) score for cardiac mortality in percutaneous coronary intervention patients
Authors: Gao Guofeng , Zhang Dong , Song Chenxi , Xu Han , Yin Dong , Guan Changdong , Yang Yuejin , Xu Bo , Dou Kefei
Published: December 2019

Objectives

To improve the prognostic value of the age, creatinine, and ejection fraction (ACEF) score following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by integrating the residual SYNTAX score (rSS).

Background

ACEF score was proposed for predicting the operative mortality risk in elective cardiac operations and has been validated in numerous studies. However, it does not incorporate coronary lesion‐based variables for risk assessment of patients who undergo PCI.

Methods

Overall, 10,072 patients who underwent PCI at our hospital in 2013 were enrolled. The endpoint was 2‐year cardiac death after PCI, defined as death that was not attributed to a non‐cardiac cause. ACEF‐rSS was constructed with incremental weights attributed to the ACEF score and rSS according to their estimated coefficients.

Results

2‐year cardiac death occurred in 63 patients (0.63%). In multivariable analyses, the ACEF score and rSS > 8 were independently associated with the risk of cardiac death. ACEF‐rSS was computed as age (years)/ejection fraction (%) + 1 (if creatinine ≥2.0 mg/dl) + 1 (if rSS >8). The discrimination of ACEF‐rSS was significantly better than that of the ACEF score based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) (C‐statistics = 0.835 vs. 0.776 for ACEF‐rSS and ACEF score, respectively, p = .029; IDI = 0.014, p < .001). Compared with all other SYNTAX‐derived risk scores, ACEF‐rSS had significantly better discrimination ability based on ROC curve analysis, net reclassification improvement, and IDI.

Conclusions

Combining the ACEF score with rSS to produce the ACEF‐rSS enhanced the predictive ability for long‐term cardiac mortality.
Improved methods for moment restriction models with data combination and an application to two‐sample instrumental variable estimation
Authors: Shu Heng , Tan Zhiqiang
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Combining‐100 information from multiple samples is often needed in biomedical and economic studies, but differences between these samples must be appropriately taken into account in the analysis of the combined data. We study the estimation for moment restriction models with data combined from two samples under an ignorability‐type assumption while allowing for different marginal distributions of variables common to both samples. Suppose that an outcome regression (OR) model and a propensity score (PS) model are specified. By leveraging semi‐parametric efficiency theory, we derive an augmented inverse probability‐weighted (AIPW) estimator that is locally efficient and doubly robust with respect to these models. Furthermore, we develop calibrated regression and likelihood estimators that are not only locally efficient and doubly robust but also intrinsically efficient in achieving smaller variances than the AIPW estimator when the PS model is correctly specified but the OR model may be mispecified. As an important application, we study the two‐sample instrumental variable problem and derive the corresponding estimators while allowing for incompatible distributions of variables common to the two samples. Finally, we provide a simulation study and an econometric application on public housing projects to demonstrate the superior performance of our improved estimators. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 48: 259–284; 2020 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
A Mass Balance Study of 14C‐Labeled JTZ‐951 (Enarodustat), a Novel Orally Available Erythropoiesis‐Stimulating Agent, in Patients With End‐Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis
Authors: Pai Sudhakar M. , Connaire Jeffrey , Yamada Hiroyuki , Enya Seiji , Gerhardt Barbara , Maekawa Michihide , Tanaka Hiromasa , Koretomo Ryosuke , Ishikawa Tomohiro
Published: December 2019

The mass balance, pharmacokinetics, and biotransformation of JTZ‐951 (enarodustat), a novel hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, were characterized in patients (N = 6) with end‐stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Following a 10‐mg (100 µCi) oral dose of 14C‐JTZ‐951, whole blood, feces, dialysate, and, if feasible, urine were obtained for pharmacokinetic assessments and for metabolite profiling and identification in appropriate matrices. Fecal excretion was the major route of elimination of radioactivity, and urinary excretion a minor route, with mean (coefficient of variation [%CV]) recovery of 77.1 (16.2)% and 10.9 (92.0)% of the dose, respectively. Radioactivity was not detected in the dialysate, and mean (%CV) total recovery in excreta was 88.0 (14.9)%. For parent JTZ‐951 in plasma, the mean (%CV) effective half‐life was 8.96 (7.7)% hours, and area under the curve over 24 hours comprised the majority (>80%) of total exposure, with relatively low variability in these pharmacokinetic variables. Based on profiling of plasma radioactivity, parent JTZ‐951 was the predominant circulating component, accounting for 93.7% or more of radioactivity, and metabolite M2 (hydroxylated product) was the only detectable metabolite, but its exposure was minor (<5%) versus unchanged JTZ‐951. In urine and feces, the predominant analyte was JTZ‐951, and metabolite M2 was the predominant albeit minor metabolite, with small amounts of other metabolites. Thus, plasma exposure to drug‐derived radioactivity was primarily due to parent JTZ‐951, and the drug was cleared mainly by excretion of unchanged JTZ‐951. The study appropriately characterized the disposition of JTZ‐951 in patients with end‐stage renal disease.
Essentiality of managing the resource information in the coordinated fog‐to‐cloud paradigm
Authors: Sengupta Souvik , Garcia Jordi , Masip‐Bruin Xavi
Published: December 2019

Fog‐to‐cloud (F2C) computing is an emerging computational platform. By combing the cloud, fog, and IoT, it provides an excellent framework for managing and coordinating the resources in any smart computing domain. Efficient management of these kinds of diverse resources is one of the critical tasks in the F2C system. Also, it must be considered that different types of services are offered by any smart system. So, before managing these resources and enabling the various types of services, it is essential to have some comprehensive informational catalogue of resources and services. Hence, after identifying the resource and service‐task taxonomy, our main aim in this paper is finding out a solution for properly organizing this information over the F2C system. For that purpose, we are proposing a modified F2C framework where all the information is distributively stored near to the edge of the network. Finally, by presenting some experimental results, we evaluate and validate the performance of our proposing framework.
Segmental analysis of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs in the hair of schizophrenic patients
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhuo Yue , Tang Xiaowei , Qiang Huosheng , Liu Wei , Wu Hejian , Xiang Ping , Duan Gengli , Shen Min
Published: December 2019

Hair analysis is useful for documenting long‐term exposure to drugs. The potential of hair analysis for therapeutic drug monitoring within the forensic field has been studied, but reference values for some antidepressants and antipsychotics in the hair of individuals undergoing chronic therapy are still lacking. In the present study, a method was developed and validated for the determination of 23 analytes, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, and related metabolites, in human hair by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Hair samples (10 mg) were extracted with a 25:25:50 (v/v/v) mixture of methanol/acetonitrile/2 mM ammonium formate (8% acetonitrile, pH 5.3) utilizing cryogenic grinding. The present method demonstrated sufficient selectivity, robustness, and accuracy. Sixteen analytes in hair were reported in 46 psychiatric patients receiving fixed drug dosages. To the best of our knowledge, the hair concentrations of perphenazine and norolanzapine, as well as the concentrations of amisulpride, aripiprazole and its metabolite dehydroaripiprazole, olanzapine, and sulpiride, in hair from individuals receiving fixed dosages is reported for the first time. A significant relationship between the administered dose and the concentration in the proximal hair segment was found only for clozapine, norclozapine, and chlorpromazine. The results confirmed that the idea of using hair concentrations to monitor a daily dose is inapplicable.
Efficient Electronic Structure to Stabilize N2‐Bridged Dinuclear Complexes Intended for N2 Activation: Iminophosphorane Iron(I) and Cobalt(I)
Authors: Wasada‐Tsutsui Yuko , Wasada Hiroaki , Suzuki Tatsuya , Katayama Akira , Kajita Yuji , Inomata Tomohiko , Ozawa Tomohiro , Masuda Hideki
Published: December 2019

We examined the stability of the N2‐ligated mononuclear and N2‐bridged dinuclear complexes for FeI and CoI with the tridentate iminophosphorane ligand, which are in potentially deactivated state for catalytic N2 fixation processes, using density functional theory (DFT) method. The calculated Gibbs free energies of the N2 binding and N2‐bridge formation reactions show that the N2‐bridged FeI‐dinuclear complex is more favorable than the N2 FeI‐mononuclear complex in contrast to the CoI‐mononuclear complexes, which is only the available complex, even if at –80 °C. The stability of the N2‐bridged dinuclear metal complexes has a close relation to the M–N2 bond strength ruled by occupation of the pairs of dπu orbitals, in which the ungerade couples of the dπ orbitals interact with the occupied π orbitals of N2 in antibonding manner. For the catalytic activity of FeI mononuclear complexes, the appropriate order of orbitals to occupy the dπu orbitals is necessary, which is produced by the T‐shaped coordination geometry the ancillary ligands construct.
Emotional distress: Specifying a neglected part of chronic pain
Authors: Barke Antonia , Koechlin Helen , Korwisi Beatrice , Locher Cosima
Published: December 2019

We argue that in all randomized controlled trials that investigate treatments for chronic pain emotional distress should be reported. In a majority of cases, pain intensity and pain‐related disability are measured, yet—despite guidelines to the contrary—pain‐related distress is not included. We suggest that the new extension code for chronic pain as incorporated in the ICD‐11 will be well suited to fill this gap at minute additional effort for the participants.
The evolution of the concepts of seizures and epilepsy: What’s in a name?
Authors: Patel Puja , Moshé Solomon L.
Published: December 2019

This review aims to highlight the historical hallmarks in the development of the concepts of seizures and epilepsy. It begins with a discussion of seizure semiology and terminology, followed by the pathophysiology of seizures. We then discuss the definition of epilepsy, its etiologies, and ultimately classification schemes. Each section starts with our current views and subsequently transports the reader back in time to understand how these views evolved and came to be what they are today. People living as early as in the prehistoric times may have been aware of the existence of seizures, and descriptions and terminology have been provided as early as 2500 BC. While names have been revised and updated through time, the meanings are seemingly unchanged. However, it is clearly evident that we have come a long way in understanding the pathophysiology and etiology of seizures and epilepsy, thus leading to our current classification schemes. No classification scheme will be perfect yet, until our understanding is advanced enough to create one based predominantly on scientific grounds. The goal is that it is relevant to clinical practice, leading to a more precise diagnosis to guide targeted treatments.
Effects of passenger blockage on smoke flow properties in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fires
Authors: Wang Yan , Wu Fan , Wu Peihong
Published: December 2019

This paper investigates the effects of passenger blockage on smoke flow properties in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fires. A series of numerical simulations were conducted in a 1/5 small‐scale tunnel with the different heat release rates (50‐100 kW), longitudinal ventilation velocities (0.5‐1 m/s), passenger blockage lengths (2‐6 m), and ratios (0.17‐0.267). The typical smoke flow properties in different tunnel fire scenarios are analyzed, and the results show that under the same heat release rate and longitudinal ventilation velocity, the smoke back‐layering length, maximum smoke temperature, and downstream smoke layer height decrease with increasing passenger blockage length or ratio. The Li correlations can well predict the smoke back‐layering length and maximum smoke temperature in tunnel fire scenarios without the passenger blockage. When the passenger blockage exists, the modified local ventilation velocity that takes the blockage length and ratio into account has been proposed to correct the Li correlations. The smoke back‐layering length and maximum smoke temperature with the different blockage lengths and ratios can be predicted by the modified correlations, which are shown to well reproduce the simulation results.
Can education transform?: Contradictions between the emerging future and the walled past
Authors: Inayatullah Sohail
Published: December 2019

While many imagine education as far more flexible and student‐centered, creating a different system has been far more challenging. Why is this the case? What are the tensions between the imagined future and the weight of the past. This essay seeks to answer this question through insights gained from anticipatory action learning interventions in Australia, Malaysia, Norway, and the Philippines.
RETRACTED: Health lipid indices and physicochemical properties of dual fortified yogurt with extruded flaxseed omega fatty acids and fibers for hypercholesterolemic subjects
Authors: Ahmad Nazir , Manzoor Muhammad Faisal , Shabbir Umair , Ahmed Saeed , Ismail Tariq , Saeed Farhan , Nisa MahrUn , Anjum Faqir Muhammad , Hussain Shahzad
Published: December 2019

The aim of the present study was to prepare designer yogurt for the hypercholesterolemic subject. The yogurts were prepared from sheep and cow milk by fortifying omega fatty acids and dietary fibers of extruded flaxseed powder (EFSP). The EFSP, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii sub sp bulgaricus at 2% were added for yogurt formation. The water retention capacity, fat adsorption capacity, swelling, and solubility of EFSP were 14.38 ± 3.16 g/g, 5.31 ± 0.93 g oil/g, 25.57 ± 1.35 ml/g, and 30.53 ± 8.5%, respectively. The proximate value of protein content increased significantly from 4.12% to 5.12%. Total fat content increased from 3.50% to 4.28%. Total dietary fibers increased from 0% to 24.14%. Significant increase was observed in C18:1n9 and C18:2n6 fatty acid contents. The omega‐3 (18:3n3) was significantly increased higher as compared to other omega fatty acids in fortified yogurts. Atherogenicity index (IA: 2.23 ± 0.41 to 1.42 ± 0.23) and thrombogenicity index (IT: 1.68 ± 0.95 to 0.65 ± 0.01) were significantly decreased while the ratio of hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesteremic fatty acids (HH: 0.82 ± 0.05 to 1.29 ± 0.46) increased significantly in sheep milk yogurt. IA (2.74 ± 0.31 to 1.48 ± 0.08) and IT (1.84 ± 0.28 to 0.39 ± 0.04) were also decreased significantly while HH (0.54 ± 0.05to 1.12 ± 0.02) increased significantly in cow milk yogurt. Δ9‐desaturase (18) index was found highest (75.67 ± 8.04) in EFSP‐fortified sheep milk yogurt and lowest (62.27 ± 8.65) in cow milk yogurt while Δ9‐desaturase (16) index was maximum (6.21 ± 1.25) in cow milk yogurt and minimum (3.93 ± 1.38) in EFSP‐fortified sheep milk yogurt. Significant effect on consistency, firmness, viscosity index, and cohesiveness was also noticed in fortified yogurts. EFSP has also significant impact on colony formation of stains culture. The fortified product got good flavor and textural acceptance score. Thus; EFSP improved the health lipids quality and physicochemical characteristics. It can act as a good stabilizer and texturizer in yogurt formation and a healthy alternative for hazardous adulterants used in yogurt formation.
Impact of mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) flour upon quality attributes of wheat dough and functional cookies‐baked products
Authors: Biao Yuan , Chen Xin , Wang Song , Chen Guitang , Mcclements David Julian , Zhao Liyan
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to create a healthier version of a commonly consumed baked food (cookies) by replacing some of the wheat flour with a nutraceutical‐rich mushroom flour. The impact of incorporating different levels of powdered mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) flour on the rheological properties of the cookie dough and the final cookies was therefore determined. The rheological properties of wheat dough supplemented with 0%–25% (w/w) of mushroom flour were analyzed using a Mixolab instrument and a shear rheometer. Increasing the ratio of mushroom‐to‐wheat flour in the doughs increased the peak and final viscosities, but decreased dough stability and elastic modulus. Sensory evaluation using an orthogonal test showed that 15% mushroom flour, 10% maltodextrin, and 1.5% sodium bicarbonate were the optimal composition for producing cookies with the best sensory score. In conclusion, our results showed that cookies with acceptable textures and appearances could be produced by replacing up to 15% of wheat flour with mushroom flour.
Tectono‐magmatic division of the Late Ordovician (Sandbian) volcanism at the south‐western margin of Baltica using immobile trace elements: Relations to the plate movements in the Iapetus Palaeo‐Ocean
Authors: Kiipli Tarmo , Hints Rutt , Kallaste Toivo , Nielsen Arne T. , Pajusaar Siim , Schovsbo Niels H.
Published: December 2019

Immobile trace elements in K‐bentonites indicate three volcanic stages during the Sandbian Stage of the Late Ordovician:

Early Grefsen is characterised by high‐Ti source magmas alternating with a few high‐Zr layers.

Middle Grefsen is characterised by overall low‐Ti source magmas with multiple high‐Zr layers alternating with less frequent low‐Zr layers.

Late Grefsen to Early Katian is characterised by a low content of all studied immobile trace elements (Ti, Zr, Nb, and Th).

In all K‐bentonites, the Nb/Al2O3 ratio indicates subalkaline volcanism dominated by rhyolites. In the Early Grefsen stage, andesites and dacites occur. The TiO2/Al2O3 versus Zr/Al2O3 discrimination diagram suggests low‐ and high‐temperature magmatism. Low‐temperature magmatism may have occurred during subduction of water‐rich oceanic sediments in the frontal arc of Avalonia and high‐temperature magmatism during the overriding of a mid‐ocean ridge or hot spot. The coeval end of the volcanic record in Avalonia and Baltica may indicate the collision of Avalonia with a hypothetical continental crust within the Iapetus Ocean.