bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A GIS-Based Methodology to Combine Rain Gauge and Radar Rainfall Estimates of Precipitation Using the Conditional Merging Technique for High-Resolution Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts in Țibleș and Rodnei Mountains
Authors: Kocsis István , Irimuș Ioan-Aurel , Patriche Cristian , Bilașco Ștefan , Maier Narcis , Roșca Sanda , Petrea Dănuț , Bartók Blanka
Published: July 2022

Rain gauges provide accurate rainfall amount data; however, the interpolation of their data is difficult, especially because of the high spatial and temporal variability. On the other hand, a high-resolution type of information is highly required in hydrological modeling for discharge calculations in small catchments. This problem is partially solved by meteorological radars, which provide precipitation data with high spatial and temporal distributions over large areas. The purpose of this study is to validate a conditional merging technique (CMT) for 15 rainfall events that occurred on the southern slope of the Tibleș and Rodnei Mountains (Northern Romania). A Geographic Information System (GIS) methodology, based on three interpolation techniques—simple kriging, ordinary kriging, and cokriging—were utilized to derive continuous precipitation fields based on discrete rain gauge precipitation data and to derive interpolated radar data at rain gauge locations, and spatial analysis tools were developed to extract and analyze the optimal information content from both radar data and measurements. The dataset contains rainfall events that occurred in the period of 2015–2018, having 24 h temporal resolution. The model performance accuracy was carried out by using three validation metrics: mean bias error (MBE), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The validation stage showed that our model, based on conditional merging technique, performed very well in 11 out of 15 rainfall events (approximate 78%), with an MAE under 0.4 mm and RMSE under 0.7 mm.
Impact of the Novaya Zemlya Bora on the Ocean-Atmosphere Heat Exchange and Ocean Circulation: A Case-Study with the Coupled Model
Authors: Shestakova Anna A. , Debolskiy Andrey V.
Published: July 2022

Novaya Zemlya bora is a strong downslope windstorm in the east of the Barents Sea. This paper considers the influence of the Novaya Zemlya bora on the turbulent heat exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean and on processes in the ocean. Another goal of this study is to demonstrate the sensitivity of simulated turbulent fluxes during bora to model coupling between atmosphere, ocean and sea waves. In this regard, a high-resolution numerical simulation of one winter bora episode was carried out using the COAWST (Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport) modeling system, which includes the atmospheric (WRF-ARW model), oceanic (ROMS model), and sea waves (SWAN model) components. As shown by the simulation results, in the fully coupled experiment, turbulent heat exchange is enhanced in comparison with the uncoupled experiment (by 3% on average over the region). This is due to the atmosphere-sea-waves interaction, and the results are highly sensitive to the choice of roughness parameterization. The influence of the interaction of the atmospheric and oceanic components on turbulent fluxes in this episode is small on average. Bora has a significant impact on the processes in the ocean directly near the coast, forming a strong coastal current and making a decisive contribution to the formation of dense waters. In the open sea, the bora, or rather, the redistribution of the wind and temperature fields caused by the orography of Novaya Zemlya, leads to a decrease in ocean heat content losses due to a decrease in turbulent heat exchange in comparison with the experiment with flat topography.
The Sensitivity of Vegetation Dynamics to Climate Change across the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Biying , Tang Qunli , Zhou Yuke , Zeng Tao , Zhou Ting
Published: July 2022

Vegetation dynamics are key processes which present the ecology system’s response to climate change. However, vegetation sensitivity to climate change remains controversial. This study redefined vegetation sensitivity to precipitation (VSP) and vegetation sensitivity to temperature (VST) by the coefficient of determination (R2) obtained by a linear regression analysis between climate and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), as well as by using an analysis of variance to explore the significant differences between them in different seasons from 1982 to 2013, and exploring the general changed rules of VSP/VST on a timescale. Moreover, the variations in VSP and VST across the Tibetan Plateau were plotted by regression analysis. Finally, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) to verify the hypothesis that the respondence of VSP and VST to the NDVI was regulated by the hydrothermal conditions. Our results showed that: (1) the annual VSP increased in both spring and winter (R2 = 0.32, p < 0.001; R2 = 0.25, p < 0.001, respectively), while the annual VST decreased in summer (R2 = 0.21, p < 0.001); (2) the threshold conditions of seasonal VSP and seasonal VST were captured in the 4–12 mm range (monthly precipitation) and at 0 °C (monthly average temperature), respectively; (3) the SEM demonstrated that climate change has significant direct effects on VSP only in spring and winter and on VST only in summer (path coefficient of −0.554, 0.478, and −0.428, respectively). In summary, our findings highlighted that climate change under these threshold conditions would lead to a variation in the sensitivity of the NDVI to seasonal precipitation and temperature.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Approach to Compute Electron-Impact Partial Ionization Cross-Sections of Methane, Water and Nitromethane from Threshold to 5 keV
Authors: Luthra Meetu , Goswami Kanupriya , Arora Ajay Kumar , Bharadvaja Anand , Baluja Kasturi Lal
Published: July 2022

The electron impact partial ionization cross-sections of molecules such as methane, water and nitromethane are computed using a modified form of the binary encounter Bethe (BEB) formula. The modified form of the BEB model works on rescaling the molecular binding energies of the orbitals and the scaling of cross-sections using the electron ionization mass spectrometry data. The computed partial ionization cross-sections are consistent with the recommended data and are better than several experimental and theoretical results. The summed partial ionization cross-sections of different fragments also agree with the total ionization cross-sections obtained from BEB and the experimental data. This work highlights the utility of mass spectrometry in the modeling and interpretation of the ionization cross-section data. The limitations and the advantages of the modified form of the BEB model are also discussed.
Probing C60 Fullerenes from within Using Free Electron Lasers
Authors: Berrah Nora
Published: July 2022

Fullerenes, such as C60, are ideal systems to investigate energy redistribution following substantial excitation. Ultra-short and ultra-intense free electron lasers (FELs) have allowed molecular research in a new photon energy regime. FELs have allowed the study of the response of fullerenes to X-rays, which includes femtosecond multi-photon processes, as well as time-resolved ionization and fragmentation dynamics. This perspective: (1) provides a general introduction relevant to C60 research using photon sources, (2) reports on two specific X-ray FEL-based photoionization investigations of C60, at two different FEL fluences, one static and one time-resolved, and (3) offers a brief analysis and recommendations for future research.
Generation of an Adequate Perfusion Network within Dense Collagen Hydrogels Using Thermoplastic Polymers as Sacrificial Matrix to Promote Cell Viability
Authors: Camman Marie , Marquaille Pierre , Joanne Pierre , Agbulut Onnik , Hélary Christophe
Published: July 2022

Dense collagen hydrogels are promising biomaterials for several tissue-engineering applications. They exhibit high mechanical properties, similar to physiological extracellular matrices, and do not shrink under cellular activity. However, they suffer from several drawbacks, such as weak nutrient and O2 diffusion, impacting cell survival. Here, we report a novel strategy to create a perfusion system within dense and thick collagen hydrogels to promote cell viability. The 3D printing of a thermoplastic filament (high-impact polystyrene, HIPS) with a three-wave shape is used to produce an appropriate sacrificial matrix. The HIPS thermoplastic polymer allows for good shape fidelity of the filament and does not collapse under the mechanical load of the collagen solution. After the collagen gels around the filament and dissolves, a channel is generated, allowing for adequate and rapid hydrogel perfusion. The dissolution process does not alter the collagen hydrogel’s physical or chemical properties, and the perfusion is associated with an increased fibroblast survival. Here, we report the novel utilization of thermoplastics to generate a perfusion network within biomimetic collagen hydrogels.
Effects of Corilagin on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Regulation of NADPH Oxidase 2 and ERK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in a Mouse Model
Authors: Liu Fu-Chao , Liao Chia-Chih , Lee Hung-Chen , Chou An-Hsun , Yu Huang-Ping
Published: July 2022

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome are clinically life-threatening diseases. Corilagin, a major polyphenolic compound obtained from the herb Phyllanthus urinaria, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and in this study, we sought to evaluate the protective effects and mechanisms of corilagin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice. ALI was induced in the mice by the intratracheal administration of LPS, and following 30 min of LPS challenge, corilagin (5 and 10 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally. At 6 h post-LPS administration, lung tissues were collected for analysis. Corilagin treatment significantly attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and oxidative stress in lung tissues. In addition, corilagin inhibited the LPS-induced expression of NOX2, ERK, and NF-κB. Corilagin has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, and can effectively reduce ALI via attenuation of the NOX2 and ERK/NF-κB signaling pathways.
Dissecting the miR-451a-Mif Pathway in Endometriosis Pathophysiology Using a Syngeneic Mouse Model: Temporal Expression of Lesion Mif Receptors, Cd74 and Cxcr4
Authors: Nothnick Warren B. , Graham Amanda
Published: July 2022

Endometriosis is an enigmatic disease characterized by pain and infertility in which endometrial tissue grows in ectopic locations, predominantly the pelvic cavity. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis is complex and postulated to involve alterations in inflammatory, cell proliferation and post-transcriptional regulatory pathways among others. Our understanding on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis is further complicated by the fact that endometriosis can only be diagnosed by laparoscopy only after the disease has manifested. This makes it difficult to understand the true pathogenesis as a cause-and-effect relationship is difficult to ascertain. To aid in our understanding on endometriosis pathogenesis and pathophysiology, numerous rodent models have been developed. In this case, we discuss further assessment of a miR-451a—macrophage migration inhibitory factor (Mif) pathway which contributes to lesion survival. Specifically, we evaluate the temporal expression of lesion Mif receptors, Cd74 and Cxcr4 using host mice which express wild-type or miR-451a deficient lesions. Similar to that observed in humans and a non-human primate model of endometriosis, Cd74 expression is elevated in lesion tissue in a temporal fashion while that of Cxcr4 shows minimal increase during initial lesion establishment but is reduced later during the lifespan. Absence of miR-451a during initial lesion establishment is associated with an augmentation of Cd74, but no Cxcr4 expression. The data obtained in this study provide further support for a role of Mif receptors, Cd74 and Cxcr4 in the pathophysiology of endometriosis.
Genetic Susceptibility to Insulin Resistance and Its Association with Estimated Longevity in the Hungarian General and Roma Populations
Authors: Piko Peter , Werissa Nardos Abebe , Adany Roza
Published: July 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem with a wide range of prevalence among different ethnic groups. Early recognition of pre-diabetes is important to prevent the development of the disease, its complications, co-morbidities, and consequently early death. Insulin resistance (IR) is considered a condition that precedes type 2 diabetes; thus, understanding its underlying causes (genetic and non-genetic factors) will bring us closer to preventing it. The present study aimed to investigate the genetic susceptibility to IR and its impact on estimated longevity in populations with different ethnic origins using randomly selected samples of 372 Hungarian general (HG, as a reference with Caucasian origin) and 334 Roma participants (largest ethnic minority in Europe, with a northern India origin). In the present study, we used the Homeostasis Model Assessment—Insulin Resistance (HOMA—IR) to identify people with IR (>3.63) at the population level. To investigate the genetic predisposition to IR, 29 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in a systematic literature search were selected and genotyped in sample populations. In the analyses, the adjusted p < 0.0033 was considered significant. Of these 29 SNPs, the commutative effects of 15 SNPs showing the strongest association with HOMA—IR were used to calculate an optimized genetic risk score (oGRS). The oGRS was found nominally significantly (p = 0.019) higher in the Roma population compared to HG one, and it was more strongly correlated with HOMA—IR. Therefore, it can be considered as a stronger predictor of the presence of IR among the Roma (AUCRoma = 0.673 vs. AUCHG = 0.528). Furthermore, oGRS also showed a significant correlation with reduced estimated longevity in the Roma population (β = −0.724, 95% CI: −1.230–−0.218; p = 0.005), but not in the HG one (β = 0.065, 95% CI: −0.388–0.518; p = 0.779). Overall, IR shows a strong correlation with a genetic predisposition among Roma, but not in the HG population. Furthermore, the increased genetic risk of Roma is associated with shorter estimated longevity, whereas this association is not observed in the HG one. Increased genetic susceptibility of Roma to IR should be considered in preventive programs targeting the development of type 2 diabetes, which may also reduce the risk of preventable premature death among them.
Sex Steroid Receptors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis: Insights from Laboratory Studies to Clinical Trials
Authors: Abdul Hamid Fazilah , Abu Muhammad Azrai , Abdul Karim Abdul Kadir , Ahmad Mohd Faizal , Abd. Aziz Nor Haslinda , Mohd Kamal Datu Agasi , Mokhtar Mohd Helmy
Published: July 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are reproductive disorders that may cause infertility. The pathology of both diseases has been suggested to be associated with sex steroid hormone receptors, including oestrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PRs) and androgen receptors (ARs). Therefore, with this review, we aim to provide an update on the available knowledge of these receptors and how their interactions contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS and endometriosis. One of the main PCOS-related medical conditions is abnormal folliculogenesis, which is associated with the downregulation of ER and AR expression in the ovaries. In addition, metabolic disorders in PCOS are caused by dysregulation of sex steroid hormone receptor expression. Furthermore, endometriosis is related to the upregulation of ER and the downregulation of PR expression. These receptors may serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of PCOS-related disorders and endometriosis, considering their pathophysiological roles. Receptor agonists may be applied to increase the expression of a specific receptor and treat endometriosis or metabolic disorders. In contrast, receptor antagonist functions to reduce receptor expression and can be used to treat endometriosis and induce ovulation. Understanding PCOS and the pathological roles of endometriosis sex steroid receptors is crucial for developing potential therapeutic strategies to treat infertility in both conditions. Therefore, research should be continued to fill the knowledge gap regarding the subject.
Copper–Ruthenium Composite as Perspective Material for Bioelectrodes: Laser-Assisted Synthesis, Biocompatibility Study, and an Impedance-Based Cellular Biosensor as Proof of Concept
Authors: Stupin Daniil D. , Abelit Anna A. , Mereshchenko Andrey S. , Panov Maxim S. , Ryazantsev Mikhail N.
Published: July 2022

Copper is an inexpensive material that has found wide application in electronics due to its remarkable electric properties. However, the high toxicity of both copper and copper oxide imposes restrictions on the application of this metal as a material for bioelectronics. One way to increase the biocompatibility of pure copper while keeping its remarkable properties is to use copper-based composites. In the present study, we explored a new copper–ruthenium composite as a potential biocompatible material for bioelectrodes. Sample electrodes were obtained by subsequent laser deposition of copper and ruthenium on glass plates from a solution containing salts of these metals. The fabricated Cu–Ru electrodes exhibit high effective area and their impedance properties can be described by simple R-CPE equivalent circuits that make them perspective for sensing applications. Finally, we designed a simple impedance cell-based biosensor using this material that allows us to distinguish between dead and alive HeLa cells.
Latest Trends in Outcome Measures in Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment Trials
Authors: Garg Divyani , Gupta Anu , Agarwal Ayush , Mishra Biswamohan , Srivastava Madakasira Vasantha Padma , Basheer Aneesh , Vishnu Venugopalan Y.
Published: July 2022

Disease modification trials in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have not met with success. One potential criticism of these trials is the lack of sensitive outcome measures. A large number of outcome measures have been employed in dementia and MCI trials. This review aims to describe and analyze the utility of cognitive/clinical outcome measures in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and MCI trials. Methods: A PubMed search was conducted using relevant MeSH terms and exploded keywords. The search was confined to English language publications of human studies from the last five years which describe the latest trends in the use of outcome measures. Results: Despite broad use, the outcome measures employed are heterogeneous, with little data on correlations between scales. Another problem is that most studies are over-reliant on clinician/researcher assessment and cognitive outcomes, and there is a definite lack of stakeholder input. Finetuning of the paradigm is also required for people with early-stage disease, mild to moderate disease, and advanced dementia, as the outcome measures in these subgroups have varying relevance. Disease modification/prevention is an appropriate goal in early disease, whereas palliation and freedom from discomfort are paramount in later stages. The outcome measures selected must be suitable for and sensitive to these particular care goals. Although there is a shift to enrich MCI cohorts using a biomarker-based approach, the clinical relevance of such outcome measures remains uncertain. Conclusions: Outcome measures in dementia/MCI trials remain inhomogeneous and diverse, despite extensive use. Outcome measures fall within several paradigms, including cognitive, functional, quality-of-life, biomarker-based, and patient-reported outcome measures. The success of future disease-modifying trials is reliant to a large extent on the selection of outcome measures which combine all outcomes of clinical relevance as well as clinical meaning. Outcome measures should be tied to the type and stage of dementia and to the specific interventions employed.
Apathy in Parkinson’s Disease: Defining the Park Apathy Subtype
Authors: De Waele Ségolène , Cras Patrick , Crosiers David
Published: July 2022

Apathy is a neurobehavioural symptom affecting Parkinson’s disease patients of all disease stages. Apathy seems to be associated with a specific underlying non-motor disease subtype and reflects dysfunction of separate neural networks with distinct neurotransmitter systems. Due to the complicated neuropsychiatric aetiology of apathy, clinical assessment of this invalidating non-motor symptom remains challenging. We aim to summarize the current findings on apathy in Parkinson’s disease and highlight knowledge gaps. We will discuss the prevalence rates across the different disease stages and suggest screening tools for clinically relevant apathetic symptoms. We will approach the fundamental knowledge on the neural networks implicated in apathy in a practical manner and formulate recommendations on patient-tailored treatment. We will discuss the Park apathy phenotype in detail, shedding light on different clinical manifestations and implications for prognosis. With this review, we strive to distil the vast available theoretical knowledge into a clinical and patient-oriented perspective.
Relationship between Tactile Sensation, Motor Activity, and Differential Brain Activity in Young Individuals
Authors: Kobayashi Ryota , Sakurai Noriko , Nagasaka Kazuaki , Kasai Satoshi , Kodama Naoki
Published: July 2022

In this study, we compared the differences in brain activation associated with the different types of objects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty-six participants in their 20s underwent fMRI while grasping four different types of objects. After the experiment, all of the participants completed a questionnaire based on the Likert Scale, which asked them about the sensations they experienced while grasping each object (comfort, hardness, pain, ease in grasping). We investigated the relationship between brain activity and the results of the survey; characteristic brain activity for each object was correlated with the results of the questionnaire, indicating that each object produced a different sensation response in the participants. Additionally, we observed brain activity in the primary somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus), the primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus), and the cerebellum exterior during the gripping task. Our study shows that gripping different objects produces activity in specific and distinct brain regions and suggests an “action appraisal” mechanism, which is considered to be the act of integrating multiple different sensory information and connecting it to actual action. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to observe brain activity in response to tactile stimuli and motor activity simultaneously.
Resolving the Limitations of the CNI Model in Moral Decision Making Using the CAN Algorithm: A Methodological Contrast
Authors: Feng Chun , Liu Chuanjun
Published: July 2022

The CNI model generates C, N, and I parameters to measure people’s mental processes—consequence sensitivity (C), norm sensitivity (N), and generalized inaction/action preferences (I)—in moral decision making. Given the limitations of the CNI model, the CAN algorithm was developed to depict the consequence sensitivity (C), overall action versus inaction preferences (A), norm sensitivity (N), and perverse responses with the other three parameters. However, no studies have clarified whether and how the CAN algorithm can solve the limitations of the CNI model. The present study systematically uncovers the limitations of the CNI model and the solutions provided by the CAN algorithm: (a) the CNI model does not consider negative values of the parameters, but the CAN algorithm does; (b) the sequential processing assumption of the CNI model is biased, the CAN algorithm proposes a parallel calculation strategy to fix this problem; (c) the calculation of the I parameter of the CNI model is inaccurate, so the CAN algorithm proposes the A parameter to replace it; (d) the CNI model has a problem measuring perverse responses, while the CAN algorithm develops three parameters to measure these. We examined some of our points on the basis of a reanalysis of the foreign language effect (FLE) by comparing the parameters from the CAN algorithm with those from the CNI model. We found that consequence and norm sensitivity were estimated to be greater using the CNI model than with the CAN algorithm. Consequently, these overestimations significantly (consequence sensitivity) and marginally (norm sensitivity) interfered with the FLE, making the FLE more likely to return a false positive result. In addition, the CAN algorithm was able to measure the extent of perverse responses, indicating that foreign language (compared to a native language) leads to more perverse responses. The present study demonstrates that the CNI model magnifies the Type I error of conclusions and that the CAN algorithm (compared to the CNI model) provides more insights regarding moral decision making.
Clinical Phenotypes and Mortality Biomarkers: A Study Focused on COVID-19 Patients with Neurological Diseases in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Morales Chacón Lilia María , Galán García Lídice , Cruz Hernández Tania Margarita , Pavón Fuentes Nancy , Maragoto Rizo Carlos , Morales Suarez Ileana , Morales Chacón Odalys , Abad Molina Elianne , Rocha Arrieta Luisa
Published: July 2022

Purpose: To identify clinical phenotypes and biomarkers for best mortality prediction considering age, symptoms and comorbidities in COVID-19 patients with chronic neurological diseases in intensive care units (ICUs). Subjects and Methods: Data included 1252 COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs in Cuba between January and August 2021. A k-means algorithm based on unsupervised learning was used to identify clinical patterns related to symptoms, comorbidities and age. The Stable Sparse Classifiers procedure (SSC) was employed for predicting mortality. The classification performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). Results: Six phenotypes using a modified v-fold cross validation for the k-means algorithm were identified: phenotype class 1, mean age 72.3 years (ys)—hypertension and coronary artery disease, alongside typical COVID-19 symptoms; class 2, mean age 63 ys—asthma, cough and fever; class 3, mean age 74.5 ys—hypertension, diabetes and cough; class 4, mean age 67.8 ys—hypertension and no symptoms; class 5, mean age 53 ys—cough and no comorbidities; class 6, mean age 60 ys—without symptoms or comorbidities. The chronic neurological disease (CND) percentage was distributed in the six phenotypes, predominantly in phenotypes of classes 3 (24.72%) and 4 (35,39%); χ² (5) 11.0129 p = 0.051134. The cerebrovascular disease was concentrated in classes 3 and 4; χ² (5) = 36.63, p = 0.000001. The mortality rate totaled 325 (25.79%), of which 56 (17.23%) had chronic neurological diseases. The highest in-hospital mortality rates were found in phenotypes 1 (37.22%) and 3 (33.98%). The SSC revealed that a neurological symptom (ageusia), together with two neurological diseases (cerebrovascular disease and Parkinson’s disease), and in addition to ICU days, age and specific symptoms (fever, cough, dyspnea and chilliness) as well as particular comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes and asthma) indicated the best prediction performance (AUC = 0.67). Conclusions: The identification of clinical phenotypes and mortality biomarkers using practical variables and robust statistical methodologies make several noteworthy contributions to basic and experimental investigations for distinguishing the COVID-19 clinical spectrum and predicting mortality.
High Strength Construction Material Based on Sulfur Binder Obtained by Physical Modification
Authors: Dobrosmyslov Sergey Sergeevich , Zadov Vladimir Efimovich , Nazirov Rashit Anvarovich , Nagibin Gennady Efimovich , Voronin Anton Sergeevich , Simunin Mikhail Maksimovich , Fadeev Yuri Vladimirovich , Khartov Stanislav Viktorovich
Published: July 2022

In this work, a method for obtaining a high-strength composite material on a sulfur binder without the use of chemical modifiers was proposed. It consists in obtaining a thixotropic casting mixture in the vicinity of the yield point of the system during vibration laying. The compressive strength of the obtained composite was about 97.5–94.0 MPa. Physical and mechanical characteristics remained stable for 7 years. The samples were obtained for a model composition of sulfur/marshalite (finely ground 98% silicon dioxide). The microstructure of the synthesized material was studied by electron microscopy, the results of which showed that shrinkage cavities are characteristic of a material with a low density, and no shrinkage cavities were found for a high-strength material. The phase composition was determined by the methods of XRD analysis, according to the results of which it can be argued that sulfur is in the orthorhombic form (S8). This technique can be proposed for obtaining the high-strength stable building material.
The Current Risk Management Practices and Knowledge in the Construction Industry
Authors: Bahamid Rami A. , Doh Shu Ing , Khoiry Muhamad Azry , Kassem Mukhtar A. , Al-Sharafi Mohammed A.
Published: July 2022

Construction is a critical sector of any economy in terms of value production, labor, and contributing to the gross national product. Managing risk is a relatively young area in Yemen’s construction sector, but it is gaining traction as building activity and competition rise. Construction firms mitigate risk by using a variety of risk management methods. Therefore, there is a need to assess these procedures in order to detect shortcomings. This research aims to establish the existing risk management strategies used in Yemeni building projects. Survey questionnaires were used to collect data. Respondents were drawn from Yemeni construction businesses. Risk management is not executed systematically, intentionally, or continuously, and most firms’ risk management procedures are reactive, semipermanent, informal, and unstructured, with no or few dedicated resources to address risks. This strategy is inconsistent with generally accepted risk management principles. Nonetheless, the findings suggest a general understanding of risk management and a willingness to learn from previous errors. The study of the findings suggests that risk identification approaches such as judgment and historical data are employed for risk analysis, and that the industry typically attempts to avoid or transfer risks in Yemeni building projects. The results shed light on the shortcomings of Yemen’s project management practices. To guarantee that construction projects obtain maximum value for money, project managers of big construction businesses in Yemen need a strong understanding of and training in globally accepted systematic risk management procedures. Finally, this study can help future stakeholders determine how to work together to manage risk.
Effect of Different Admixtures on Pore Characteristics, Permeability, Strength, and Anti-Stripping Property of Porous Concrete
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Hui , Lu Qingqing , Yang Jie , Wang Tao
Published: July 2022

To solve the problem of insufficient strength and durability of porous concrete pavement, seven different admixtures were used in this study so that the above properties could be optimized. The strengthening effect of admixtures on the strength and anti-stripping property of porous concrete was evaluated. The effects of different admixtures on the pore characteristics, strength, and anti-stripping of porous concrete were analyzed with CT tomography technology. The relationship between the pore characteristics of porous concrete and its strength, the anti-stripping property, was explored separately, and the correlation between the strength and anti-stripping property was also investigated. The addition of admixtures affected the pore characteristics of porous concrete, and there was no significant correlation between them. The strength of porous concrete was improved by the addition of admixtures, but the addition of different admixtures had different effects on the improvement of strength. Meanwhile, there was no significant correlation between the strength and pore characteristics. Adding admixtures could improve the anti-stripping property of porous concrete, however, different admixtures had different improvement effects. The effect of porosity on anti-stripping property was limited, while the pore number and equivalent aperture had no effect. There was no obvious correlation between the strength and anti-stripping property of porous concrete prepared with different admixtures.
Disparities in Metabolic Conditions and Cancer Characteristics among Hispanic Women with Breast Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Jabbal Iktej S. , Dwivedi Alok , Bilani Nadeem , Dominguez Barbara , Botrus Gehan , Nahleh Zeina
Published: July 2022

While the associations of common metabolic conditions with ethnicity have been previously described, disparity among Hispanic individuals based on country of origin is understudied. This multi-institutional analysis explored the prevalence of metabolic conditions and their association with cancer subtypes among Mexican and non-Mexican Hispanics. After IRB approval, we conducted a cross-sectional study at two academic medical centers with a significant Hispanic patient population (Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX (TTUHSC-EP) and Cleveland Clinic Florida in Weston, FL (CCF)). A total of n = 1020 self-identified Hispanic patients with breast cancer consecutively diagnosed between 2005 and 2014 were selected from the two institutional databases. Comparisons between Mexican and Non-Mexican Hispanics revealed variations in tumor types and metabolic conditions. Mexican Hispanics were found to have a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (27.8% vs. 14.2%, p < 0.001), obesity (51.0% vs. 32.5%, p < 0.001), and ductal carcinoma type (86.6 vs. 73.4%, p < 0.001). On the other hand, hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer was more common in non-Mexicans, while Mexicans had more triple-negative breast cancer, especially in premenopausal women. In addition to highlighting these variations among Hispanic patients with breast cancer, this study supports a more focused approach to addressing obesity and other metabolic conditions prevalent in the Hispanic population with breast cancer. Moreover, Hispanic individuals with breast cancer are diverse and should not be lumped under one category without reference to their country of origin regarding the impact of race and ethnicity.
Sarcoma Common MHC-I Haplotype Restricts Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cell Response
Authors: Mosca Laura , de Angelis Alessandra , Ronchi Andrea , De Chiara Annarosaria , Fazioli Flavio , Ruosi Carlo , Altucci Lucia , Conte Mariarosaria , de Nigris Filomena
Published: July 2022

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression in cancer cells has a crucial impact on the outcome of T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy. We now determined the HLA class I allelic variants and their expression in PD-L1-deficient and positive rare sarcoma tissues. Tumor tissues were HLA-I classified based on HLA-A and -B alleles, and for class II, the HLA-DR-B by Taqman genomic PCRs. The HLA-A24*:10-B73*:01 haplotype was the most common. A general down-regulation or deletion of HLA-B mRNA and HLA-A was observed, compared to HLA-DR-B. HLA-I was almost too low to be detectable by immunohistochemistry and 32% of grade III cases were positive to PD-L1. Functional cytotoxic assays co-culturing patient biopsies with autologous T cells were used to assess their ability to kill matched tumor cells. These results establish that deletion of HLA-I loci together with their down-regulation in individual patient restrict the autologous lymphocyte cytotoxic activity, even in the presence of the immune checkpoint blocking antibody, Nivolumab. Additionally, the proposed cytotoxic test suggests a strategy to assess the sensitivity of tumor cells to T cell-mediated attack at the level of the individual patient.
The Evolving Role of Radioembolization in the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases
Authors: Ramdhani Khalil , Braat Arthur J. A. T.
Published: July 2022

At diagnosis, 21–50% of neuroendocrine tumors already have distant metastases, of which the liver is most commonly affected. Unfortunately, the presence of neuroendocrine liver metastases (NELM) is the most incriminating factor for survival. At NELM diagnosis, 60–70% of patients suffer from bilobar multifocal disease, making them ineligible for surgical resection. With limited systemic options, a clinical need for liver-directed treatments exists. Trans-arterial (bland) embolization, chemoembolization and radioembolization have been increasingly used in the treatment of NELM. In recent years, radioembolization (also known as selective internal radiation therapy) has gained attention due to promising tumor reductive results, limited toxicities and increasing scientific evidence. This review provides basic insights into radioembolization as a technique, a summary of available literature on radioembolization in NELM, and discusses caveats, challenges and new insights when considering radioembolization in NELM.
Intraoperative In Vivo Imaging Modalities in Head and Neck Cancer Surgical Margin Delineation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Young Kurtis , Ma Enze , Kejriwal Sameer , Nielsen Torbjoern , Aulakh Sukhkaran S. , Birkeland Andrew C.
Published: July 2022

Surgical margin status is one of the strongest prognosticators in predicting patient outcomes in head and neck cancer, yet head and neck surgeons continue to face challenges in the accurate detection of these margins with the current standard of care. Novel intraoperative imaging modalities have demonstrated great promise for potentially increasing the accuracy and efficiency in surgical margin delineation. In this current study, we collated and analyzed various intraoperative imaging modalities utilized in head and neck cancer to evaluate their use in discriminating malignant from healthy tissues. The authors conducted a systematic database search through PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost (CINAHL). Study screening and data extraction were performed and verified by the authors, and more studies were added through handsearching. Here, intraoperative imaging modalities are described, including optical coherence tomography, narrow band imaging, autofluorescence, and fluorescent-tagged probe techniques. Available sensitivities and specificities in delineating cancerous from healthy tissues ranged from 83.0% to 100.0% and 79.2% to 100.0%, respectively, across the different imaging modalities. Many of these initial studies are in small sample sizes, with methodological differences that preclude more extensive quantitative comparison. Thus, there is impetus for future larger studies examining and comparing the efficacy of these intraoperative imaging technologies.
Quality of Life in Underrepresented Cancer Populations
Authors: Quinn Gwendolyn P. , Schabath Matthew B.
Published: July 2022

This series of six articles (five original articles and one review) is presented by international leaders in health disparities research [...]
Definition of an Normal Tissue Complication Probability Model for the Inner Ear in Definitive Radiochemotherapy of Nasopharynx Carcinoma
Authors: Peuker Leonie , Rolf Daniel , Oertel Michael , Peuker Alexander , Scobioala Sergiu , Hering Dominik , Rudack Claudia , Haverkamp Uwe , Eich Hans Theodor
Published: July 2022

Background: Definitive radiochemotherapy is the treatment of choice for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Due to the vicinity of the nasopharynx to the inner ear and the use of ototoxic platinum-based chemotherapy, there is a risk for irreversible damage to the auditory system. To avoid or minimize these critical side effects, radiation exposure to each inner ear must be balanced between target volume coverage and toxicity. However, normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models of the inner ear validated by clinical data are rare. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study investigates the inner ear toxicity of 46 patients who received radio(chemo-)therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma at our institution from 2004 to 2021 according to CTCAE 5.0 criteria. For each inner ear, the mean (Dmean) and maximum (Dmax) dose in Gray (Gy) was evaluated and correlated with clinical toxicity data. Based on the data, an NTCP model and a cutoff dose logistic regression model (CDLR) were created. Results: In 11 patients (23.9%) hearing impairment and/or tinnitus was observed as a possible therapy-associated toxicity. Dmean was between 15–60 Gy, whereas Dmax was between 30–75 Gy. There was a dose-dependent, sigmoidal relation between inner ear dose and toxicity. A Dmean of 44 Gy and 65 Gy was associated with inner ear damage in 25% and 50% of patients, respectively. The maximum curve slope (m) was found at 50% and is m=0.013. The Dmax values showed a 25% and 50% complication probability at 58 Gy and 69 Gy, respectively, and a maximum slope of the sigmoid curve at 50% with m=0.025. Conclusion: There is a sigmoidal relation between radiation dose and incidence of inner ear toxicities. Dose constraints for the inner ear of <44 Gy (Dmean) or <58 Gy (Dmax) are suggested to limit the probability of inner ear toxicity <25%.
Cell-by-Cell: Unlocking Lung Cancer Pathogenesis
Authors: Sinjab Ansam , Rahal Zahraa , Kadara Humam
Published: July 2022

For lung cancers, cellular trajectories and fates are strongly pruned by cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Over the past couple of decades, the combination of comprehensive molecular and genomic approaches, as well as the use of relevant pre-clinical models, enhanced micro-dissection techniques, profiling of rare preneoplastic lesions and surrounding tissues, as well as multi-region tumor sequencing, have all provided in-depth insights into the early biology and evolution of lung cancers. The advent of single-cell sequencing technologies has revolutionized our ability to interrogate these same models, tissues, and cohorts at an unprecedented resolution. Single-cell tracking of lung cancer pathogenesis is now transforming our understanding of the roles and consequences of epithelial-microenvironmental cues and crosstalk during disease evolution. By focusing on non-small lung cancers, specifically lung adenocarcinoma subtype, this review aims to summarize our knowledge base of tumor cells-of-origin and tumor–immune dynamics that have been primarily fueled by single-cell analysis of lung adenocarcinoma specimens at various stages of disease pathogenesis and of relevant animal models. The review will provide an overview of how recent reports are rewriting the mechanistic details of lineage plasticity and intra-tumor heterogeneity at a magnified scale thanks to single-cell studies of early- to late-stage lung adenocarcinomas. Future advances in single-cell technologies, coupled with analysis of minute amounts of rare clinical tissues and novel animal models, are anticipated to help transform our understanding of how diverse micro-events elicit macro-scale consequences, and thus to significantly advance how basic genomic and molecular knowledge of lung cancer evolution can be translated into successful targets for early detection and prevention of this lethal disease.
Prognostic, Diagnostic and Predictive Biomarkers in the Barrett’s Oesophagus-Adenocarcinoma Disease Sequence
Authors: O’Dowd Darragh , O’Sullivan Jacintha , Marcone Simone
Published: July 2022

Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) incidence has increased dramatically in the developed world, yet outcomes remain poor. Extensive endoscopic surveillance programs among patients with Barrett’s oesophagus (BO), the precursor lesion to OAC, have aimed to both prevent the development of OAC via radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and allow earlier detection of disease. However, given the low annual progression rate and the costs of endoscopy/RFA, improvement is needed. Prognostic biomarkers to stratify BO patients based on their likelihood to progress would enable a more targeted approach to surveillance and RFA of high-risk precursor lesions, improving the cost–risk–benefit ratio. Similarly, diagnostic biomarkers for OAC could enable earlier diagnosis of disease by allowing broader population screening. Current standard treatment for locally advanced OAC includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy (+/− radiotherapy) despite only a minority of patients benefiting from neoadjuvant treatment. Accordingly, biomarkers predictive of response to neoadjuvant therapy could improve patient outcomes by reducing time to surgery and unnecessary toxicity for the patients who would have received no benefit from the therapy. In this mini-review, we will discuss the emerging biomarkers which promise to dramatically improve patient outcomes along the BO-OAC disease sequence.
Supervised and Non-Supervised Exercise Programs for the Management of Cancer-Related Fatigue in Women with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Reverte-Pagola Gonzalo , Sánchez-Trigo Horacio , Saxton John , Sañudo Borja
Published: July 2022

Physical exercise is considered to be a non-pharmacological strategy for reducing symptoms of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in women with breast cancer (BC). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the effects of non-supervised exercise programs in comparison with the effects of supervised exercise interventions for CRF in BC patients. Randomized controlled trials that investigated the effect of exercise on CRF in women were searched for until 29 June 2022. Inclusion criteria comprised women diagnosed with BC; exercise-based interventions; trials comparing at least one exercise group vs. a control group; trials that assessed exercise effects on CRF. Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 2964). Both non-supervised and supervised exercise programs significantly reduced CRF (standard mean difference (SMD) = −0.46, confidence interval (CI) = (−0.64, −0.28), p < 0.0001 and SMD = −0.74, CI = (−0.99, −0.48), p < 0.0001, respectively), without statistical difference (p = 0.09). However, a short-term training program subgroup analyses showed significant differences between supervised and non-supervised training programs (p = 0.01), showing that supervised training programs have a greater effect (SMD = −1.33, CI = (−1.92, −0.73), p < 0.0001) than non-supervised ones (SMD = −0.44, CI = (−0.78, −0.11), p = 0.009). Both supervised and non-supervised exercise programs may reduce CRF in BC patients; however, in the short-term, supervised exercise may have a greater effect on CRF in BC patients.