bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alarm: Mankind is Not Ready for Inevitable Global Climate Change
Authors: Krasnyansky Dr. Mikhail
Published: March 2023

This article is a scientific review, first, of the consequences of global warming and climate change, and second, of the urgent ways for humanity to adapt to these climate changes. It is shown that an increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, as well as an increase in its average temperature, correlates well with an increase in the number of natural disasters and, accordingly, an increase in budget costs for the removal of their consequences. On the other hand, the impossibility of completely stopping global climate change, let alone returning to its 1970 parameters, is discussed, for example: removing billions of tons of CO2 from the Earth's atmosphere; restoring trillions of tons of ice at the poles of the Earth and its mountain peaks; reduce the acidity of the waters of the World Ocean and its cooling. Hence the conclusion is made about the inexpediency of spending hundreds of billions of dollars on "the fight against climate change" and the expediency of spending these billions on the urgent adaptation of mankind to an already changed climate. Further, the article examines in detail the ways and options to prevent the destruction and loss caused by hurricanes, flooding, wildfires, massive burning of fossil fuels, traditional agriculture, as well as huge pollution of the World Ocean: replacement of fossil fuels with green energy and green transport, the construction of only hurricane-resistant and fire-resistant buildings in hazardous areas, the construction of dams and powerful drainage systems in areas of probable flooding, the transition to superconducting underground electrical cables, the widespread use of small modular low-enriched uranium nuclear reactors, widespread use of heat pumps, the transition from traditional cattle breeding to artificial meat, the widespread in agriculture use of so-called vertical farms, minimization of food losses at all stages, and more. The main idea of this report was clearly expressed by Charles Darwin in his well-known quote: “It is not the strongest and smartest who survive but the one who adjusts best to the changing environment.” That is, not the strongest nation (with the largest GDP), not the smartest nation (which will learn to extract all the excess CO2 from the atmosphere), but the nation that is best adapted to live in this changed climate (with hurricanes, floods, droughts, wildfires, etc.) - will have more chances to survive.
Exploring athletic trainers’ experience and perceptions associated with a multifaceted approach to concussion management
Authors: Stavitz James
Published: March 2023

Aim: To explore high school athletic trainers’ experience with, and perceptions of, a multifaceted approach to concussion management. Participants: A total of 20 high school athletic trainers that are certified and licensed to practice (if their state requires a license to practice) participated in this study. Materials & methods: A general qualitative design with descriptive coding and saturation was met at 20 interviews. Results: Lack of standardization allows assessment, referral and return-to-play experiences to vary significantly; referral experiences vary pending upon athletic trainers ability to refer to a trusted and responsive physician; barriers include clearances from unqualified physicians; pressure from coaches, parents and students to return students to play; benefits include increased knowledge and awareness resulting in more effective care for students. Conclusion: Athletic trainers have varying experiences and perceptions regarding their approaches to concussion management. However, there were many notable similarities in the experiences, pressures, barriers and benefits when applying their concussion protocol.
"ФЕМТОСКАН Х" В КЛАСТЕРЕ "ЛОМОНОСОВ"
Authors: Яминский И.В. , Ахметова А.И. , Советников Т.О. , Максимова Н.Е. , Иванов О.В.
Published: March 2023

Быстродействующий сканирующий зондовый микроскоп "ФемтоСкан Х" был представ-
лен на выставке в день торжественного открытия кластера "Ломоносов" инновационного научно-технологического центра МГУ "Воробьевы горы". Открытие кластера состоялось 25 января 2023 года при участии Президента Российской Федерации Владимира Путина, мэра Москвы Сергея Собянина и ректора МГУ имени
М.В.Ломоносова Виктора Садовничего.
ЛИНЕЙНЫЙ НАНОИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ГОЛОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ДАТЧИК
Authors: Турухано Б.Г. , Турухано Н. , Лавров Ю.М. , Ермоленко О.Г. , Ханов С.Н.
Published: March 2023

Линейный наноизмерительный голографический датчик (ЛНГД) относится к измерительной технике, точнее к области высокоточных измерений длин и перемещений линейными голографическими датчиками на базе голографических дифракционных решеток (ГДР), и может быть использован в машиностроении для прецизионного оборудования, в том числе и станочном, в оптико-механической
и аэрокосмической промышленности для измерения концевых мер и т.д. Увеличена точность и разрешение ЛНГД при измерении линейных размеров во всем измеряемом диапазоне перемещений до метра и более, вне зависимости от качества направляющих системы. Таким образом, имеет место расширение диапазона обрабатываемых или исследуемых объектов при сохранении высокой точности и разрешения измерительной системы.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ КОНСТРУКЦИИ ГЕТЕРОСТРУКТУР ПРИ ПОСТРОЕНИИ GaN НОРМАЛЬНО ЗАКРЫТЫХ ТРАНЗИСТОРОВ ДЛЯ СИЛОВЫХ МОНОЛИТНЫХ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫХ СХЕМ
Authors: Царик К.А. , Чуканова О.Б. , Козловская Е.К.
Published: March 2023

В статье рассмотрены ключевые зависимости характеристик нормально-закрытых тран-
зисторов от параметров GaN гетероструктур. Определены толщины и концентрации легирующих примесей в слоях гетероструктуры. В результате моделирования получены вольтамперные характеристики р-канального полевого транзистора и n-канального транзистора с подзатворным слоем р-типа.
Sobre la figura jurídica del concurso mercantil dentro de las contrataciones públicas en México.
Authors: Martínez Miranda Elio Agustín
Published: February 2023

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo aportar claridad sobre qué figuras de las que señalan las leyes, federal y estatales, que regulan las contrataciones públicas en México, son equivalentes a la figura jurídica del concurso mercantil, en el marco de la Ley de Concursos Mercantiles. En este sentido, se encuentra que alrededor del 85 por ciento de estas leyes se refieren de forma correcta al concurso mercantil, al emplear las siguientes figuras: estado de quiebra, concurso de acreedores y suspensión de pagos. Por otro lado, aproximadamente el 15 por ciento de estas leyes utilizan de forma errónea como equivalente de concurso mercantil a las siguientes figuras: quiebra, quiebra fraudulenta, proceso de quiebra y quiebra técnica. Para arribar a estos resultados, se llevó a cabo un análisis sobre el significado de cada una de estas figuras.
PARLACEN y PARLASUR: cuestiones de representatividad
Authors: Pavioni Natalí
Published: February 2023

Con el objetivo de crear espacios de debate y participación ciudadana, tanto el SICA como el MERCOSUR han incorporado parlamentos entre sus instituciones y órganos, para que las voces de los pueblos sean escuchadas.La importancia de contar con estos espacios guarda relevancia con la repercusión en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos y ciudadanas, de las determinaciones adoptadas por los órganos con capacidad decisoria dentro del proceso de integración que se trate.A fin de adoptar decisiones que guarden legitimidad democrática, los parlamentos de los procesos de integración deben asegurar la representatividad de manera plural y respetuosa de los derechos humanos y libertades fundamentales.
compra pública electrónica: un mecanismo para la realización del derecho a la buena Administración
Authors: Amado Garzón Juan Camilo
Published: February 2023

Las nuevas tecnologías imponen desafíos que deben ser asumidos por la Administración pública a fin de lograr transformaciones que le permitan alcanzar mejores resultados a menores costos. Una buena Administración comprende la importancia de estar a la vanguardia en la llamada sociedad de la información y crea mecanismos para derribar las barreras que le impiden acercase a los ciudadanos. Este artículo demuestra la forma en que los sistemas de compras públicas facilitan la materialización del derecho a la buena Administración al adoptar herramientas tecnológicas con las cuales se puede asegurar la publicidad y la transparencia en el desarrollo de la actividad contractual del Estado.
interpretación de la contradicción de tesis 293/2011: jurisprudencia inconvencional
Authors: Uscanga Barradas Abril
Published: February 2023

En este análisis se tratan los dilemas y el rompimiento del paradigma que nos permitan comprender al derecho como una disciplina viva, en movimiento, dinámica, que no siempre encuentra sus respuestas en las leyes, por lo que la resolución de una litis o controversia implica un gran reto para los operadores del derecho: es ahí donde los juristas tienen que aplicar  todo su conocimiento, habilidades, competencias, creatividad e incluso imaginación.
Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Producing Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus Pentosus Isolated from Fermented Spider Plant (Pak Sian Dong) in Thailand
Authors: Amatachaya Anuwat , Siramolpiwat Sith , Kraisorn Meyaporn , Yasiri Atipat
Published: March 2023

Psychobiotics are defined as the organisms that can provide the mental health benefit. The possible mechanism of psychobiotics is manipulation of neurotransmitter production and neurotransmitter production by the microbes. The lactobacillus group has been reported for the potential of neurotransmitter production, especially g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) which is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter. Therefore, GABA can be used for relaxation and applied in various psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was determination of lactic acid bacterial isolates from Pak Sian Dong in Thailand for GABA producing ability. The results found that there were 3 isolates, SF66, SF80 and SF82, which revealed the ability to produce glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme. The GABA were detected by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the bacterial culture containing 3% monosodium glutamate. The survival in gastrointestinal synthetic condition found that only SF66 isolate showed the authentic percentage of survival then this isolate was selected. From the identification, the isolate was identified as Lactiplantibacillus pentosus and was designated as L. pentosus SF66 which exhibited with the potential for further investigation and development to be psychobiotics.
A Study on Customer Relationship Management in Bank-Special Reference to ICICI Bank
Authors: Singh Shikha , Singh Prof. Alok
Published: February 2023

Abstract: CRM represents Customer Relationship Management. It is a system used to study clients' necessities and practices to create more grounded associations with them. All things considered, great client connections are at the core of business achievement. The more valuable approach to consider CRM is as a cycle that will help unite bunches of snippets of data about clients, deals, promoting adequacy, responsiveness and market patterns. The fundamental goals of this investigation are To contemplate the fulfillment level of leave clients of ICICI bank administrations, To discover the elements which impact to purchase the ICICI banks administrations, To indentify and the investigation of the issues looked by the clients of ICICI bank administrations and To evaluate of the job of client relationship the board in the buy choice of ICICI bank administrations. This examination is restricted to the assortment, investigation and translation of the clients' requirements and assessment on the different administrations of ICICI Bank and the presentation of the association. This investigation is led among the clients of uttar Pradesh.
A Study on the Relationship between Instructor's Discipline, Trust, and Learning Participation Motivation Perceived by Beauty Learners
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Jo A Rin , Li Shun hua
Published: March 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the factors and the influence of the teacher's discipline and trust perceived by the beauty learner on the learner's learning participation motivation.
Methods A survey was conducted targeting 300 people who experienced beauty education. The factors of instructor discipline were composed of presupposition type and democratic type, and factors of trust were composed of affective trust and cognitive trust.
Results Beauty learners received a lot of classes related to their majors, and the nail major classes at educational institutions were shorter than the skin, hair, and makeup majors. Most of the educational institutions received by learners with long experience in beauty education received higher than university level, and there were many learners who evaluated their grades highly. In the motivation for learning participation, hair, skin, makeup subjects and majors were perceived as high, and nail subjects and majors were perceived as low. Among educational institutions, learners at hagwons and universities perceived the cognitive trust of instructors as high, and high school as low. Learners who evaluated their grades as above perceived democratic type as high among the instructor's discipline types, and low for medium and low grades. Among instructors' discipline, democratic type had a positive (+) effect on trust and learning participation motivation, and affective trust had a positive (+) effect on learning participation motivation.
Conclusions The learning participation motivation in the hair major was high, and the nail major was perceived as low, and the learner's cognitive trust toward the instructor was high in beauty academies and universities and low in high school. had a positive effect on Therefore, it should be implemented as an educational method that can obtain democratic discipline and justice in beauty education.
Analysis of the types and characteristics of college students' learning experience during COVID-19: Focusing on 2020 and 2021
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Hyowon , Kim Nooree , Youk Jinkyoung
Published: March 2023

Objectives This study explore whether latent classes with similar characteristics are derived according to the learning experiences of college students and their changes, focusing on 2020 and 2021, when involuntary distance classes were conducted due to COVID-19.
Methods For this purpose, the results of the K-NSSE survey conducted in 2020 and 2021 targeting the first to fourth graders of two universities located in Gyeonggi-do and Jeolla-namdo were used. Finally, latent profile analysis was conducted based on the results of self-directed learning strategies, meaningful learning, academic self-efficacy, and learning motivation for 327 people in 2020 and 461 people in 2021. Also, one-way ANOVA analysis was performed to test the differences in educational outcomes between groups.
Results The result are as follows. First, self-directed learning strategies, meaningful learning, academic self-efficacy, learning motivation, and core competencies and major skills, which are learning outcomes, all showed significant correlations in the learning situation of college students. Second, three latent groups were derived in 2020 and 2021 years : an ‘high-level learning experience’, a ‘medium-level learning experience’, and a ‘low-level learning experience’. Third, It was found that cognitive difficulties were shown in 2020 in the low-level learning experience type, while motivation and academic self-efficacy were lowered in 2021. Finally, as a result of examining the differences in learning outcomes between groups derived in 2020 and 2021, it was confirmed that there were significant differences in both core competencies and major skills.
Conclusions Based on the results, it was confirmed that self-directed learning strategies, learning techniques, and learning motivation are important variables in improving students' learning outcomes even in the remote learning environment that has continued due to COVID-19. Also, it was suggested that various educational supports are needed to improve the learning recovery and learning outcomes of college students.
The Mediating Effect of Social Support on the Relationship between Teacher Efficacy and Happiness of Childcare Teachers
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Choi Hye Jin , Park Reena
Published: March 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of social support on the relationship between teacher efficacy and happiness of childcare teachers.
Methods To this end, a Google survey consisting of a self-evaluation scale to measure teacher efficacy, happiness, and social support was conducted on 240 teachers working at childcare centers located in G-do. For the collected data, descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 23.0, and then mediating effect analysis was performed using Process macro 4.0.
Results First, teacher efficacy, happiness, and social support of childcare teachers were all above average, and teacher efficacy, happiness, and social support of childcare teachers all had a positive correlation with each other. Second, teacher efficacy of childcare teachers has a positive effect on happiness, and it was found that a part of teacher efficacy affects happiness through social support.
Conclusions The results of this study provided implications for improving the happiness of childcare teachers by confirming the role and importance of teacher efficacy and social support as variables that can affect the happiness of childcare teachers.
The experience of father growing up raising children with autism spectrum disorder: Giorgi phenomenological research method
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kwon Hye Jin , Kim JI Hyun
Published: March 2023

Objectives This study was conducted focusing on Giorgi's phenomenological research method on the experience of a father This study analyzes and describes the meaning of living experiences based on the subjective experiences of fathers. Seven fathers, who raised mild ASD children from 7 to 20, participated in the study in the process of agonizing and growing together until they accepted the diagnosis of their children's disabilities.
Methods It consisted of seven fathers who raised minor ASD children between the ages of 7 and 20. Children and adolescents aged 7 to 20 were diagnosed with a formal ASD disorder and were excluded from the case of complex disability (ASD+body). In the K-WISC-IV intelligence test, whether or not ASD doctors' diagnosis was satisfied and the subjects were IQ 60 or higher. From early September 2020 to mid-December 2020, interviews were conducted once for 40-60 minutes. When in-depth analysis was needed, two to three additional interviews were conducted through individual phone calls, and additional questions and answers were also made by e-mail.
Results Analysis of the experiences of seven study participants revealed six essential meanings: “to encounter children with autism spectrum disorder,” “to suffer from the presence of disabled children and father's anguish,” “to make a long journey,” “to hurt as a father,” “to face the truth,” and “to be a father.” In this study, fathers considered responsibility for their children more important than anything else
Conclusions Families raising ASD children who develop through a different process from most children in Korean society have many difficulties. For fathers, a child's success is a part of their own pride and desire to be recognized by others. In this social structure, the mind of a competitive and success-oriented man looking at ASD children in the name of a father is really complicated, and the weight and frustration are great. Therefore, this study tried to emphasize the father's experience and better understand their lives.
A Systematic Literature Review on Ecological Transformation Education
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Park Hyeonjin , Ko Hyunkook , Kwon Dongtaik
Published: March 2023

Objectives Since ‘Ecological Transformation Education’ was used in official documents of the Ministry of Education and provincial offices of education, studies related to the term are rapidly increasing. Therefore, this study was set with the purpose of systematically identifying the trend of domestic research related to ‘ecological transformation education’ and deriving educational implications.
Methods The research method used in this study is a systematic literature review. Data search was conducted through the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) of the Korea Education and Research Information Service, and academic papers published in academic journals were collected. The literature selection criterion was whether it deals with ecological transformation education in the general education category, and a snowballing strategy was used to ensure that no papers were excluded. The final selected literature contents were organized in a self-made coding table, and the research results were analyzed by comparing coding values.
Results The results of this study are as follows. First, research related to ecological transformation education has been steadily progressing from the late 1990s to the early 2020s, and the focus of research was slightly different for each period, such as ‘holistic education’ and ‘sustainability education’. Second, studies related to ecological transformation education were relatively more active in early childhood education or elementary education than in secondary education, and it was found that there were not many studies on linkage between school levels. Third, studies related to ecological transformation education were conducted more through literature research methods than quantitative, qualitative, and mixed studies.
Conclusions The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, this study is meaningful in that it identified domestic research trends related to ecological transformation education and derived educational implications through it. Second, based on this study, follow-up studies can be conducted to identify research trends by focusing on studies related to ecological transformation education published after the 2020s. Third, follow-up studies can be conducted to review literature using alternative keywords such as ‘sustainability’, ‘change’, and ‘transformation’. Fourth, follow-up studies can be conducted to identify research trends related to ecological transformation education by setting new standards or variables.
“ЦАГААН ТҮҮХ” ДЭХ УЛС ТӨРИЙН ҮЗЭЛ САНАА, ТҮҮХЭН НӨХЦӨЛ БАЙДАЛ
Authors: Ц.Ганболд  , Л.Идэр
Published: March 2023

Монголчуудын төрт ёсны үзэл санаа, түүнчлэн хууль цааз, цэрэг, дипломатын ёс, заншил, шашны зан үйлийн хэм хэмжээнүүд Монголын нийгмийн харилцааг зохицуулахад чухал хүчин зүйл болж байсан бөгөөд улмаар эдгээр нь Монголчуудын төрт ёсны сэтгэлгээг хөгжүүлэхэд чухал нөлөө үзүүлжээ гэсэн дүгнэлтэнд хүрч байна.
Impacted Canines Localization and Its Impact on Dental Arch in Orthodontic Patients: A Novel CBCT Clinical Study
Authors: Alfarra Yahya H. Y. , Noorani Tahir Yusuf , Asif Jawaad Ahmed , Wan Ahmad Wan Muhamad Amir , Ahmad Rajion Zainul
Published: March 2023

Although impacted canines concerning dental arch have been analyzed in prior studies. However, there is a lack of evidence to analyze the impact of impacted canines on dental arch characteristics using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) models; therefore, knowing the impact of impacted canines on the dental arch can enhance awareness, contribute knowledge, and aid clinicians in managing impacted canine cases. Hence, it is critical to emphasize the strategies of proper diagnosis and interception for this clinical condition prior to any orthosurgical treatment procedures. This study aimed to analyze the impact of impacted canines on dental arch characteristics in orthodontic patients using CBCT. The method used was the review of clinical records of 350 patients with impacted canines who had CBCT scans and visited the dental clinics for orthodontic treatment pertaining to their arch by dividing them into a control group and a study group. The results revealed a significant relationship based on the dental arch dimension; inter first premolar width (IPW) (P = 0.012), inter first molar width (IMW) (P = 0.010), arch length (AL) (P = 0.041), palatal height (PH) (P = 0.019), and palatal height index (PHI) (P = 0.020). The article concludes that patients with impacted canines had significant changes in dental arch dimension compared to the control group. Dental arch dimensions were significantly deficient, with a higher palatal vault seen in impacted canine patients. The anatomical position of impacted canines has an effect on the dental arches and adjacent anatomical structures. These three-dimensional (3D) findings may provide clinical reference data for impacted canines and provide a valuable basis for delivering information and education on impacted canines assessment and treatment. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Canine impactions are common during routine examinations. Understanding the influence of impacted canines on the dental arch will help clinicians manage impacted canine patients.
The Centenary of the Birth of Professor Georgy I. Dorofeev
Authors: Gordienko A. V.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to one of the leaders of the Leningrad school of gastroenterologists of the second half of the last century. For almost two decades, he headed the oldest department of the Military Medical Academy — the Department of Hospital Therapy, turning it into one of the famous gastroenterological centers of the country of that period. The author offers the reader the complete biography of this famous scientist. One of the most important scientific merits of G.I. Dorofeev is the creation of an original scientific internist school. Many followers of it headed and continue to head the leading scientific centers of the country.
The Main Statements of the Consensus “Maastricht-VI” (2022) on the Diagnostics and Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Sheptulin A. A.
Published: March 2023

Aim: to present an analysis of the published materials of the consensus “Maastricht-VI” on the management of patients with Helicobacter pylori (H. рylori) infection.

Key points. The content of the new consensus “Maastricht-VI” largely corresponds to that of the previous “Maastricht-V” consensus. This refers to the methods of diagnostics of this infection, indications for eradication. The introduction of eradication schemes of the 3rd and 4th lines, as well as a double scheme with increased doses of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and amoxicillin can be considered new. The important role of measures that increase the effectiveness of eradication (14-day duration of the course, increasing the dose of PPI, the use of probiotics) is emphasized.

Conclusion. The publication of materials of the new consensus “Maastricht-VI” will contribute to improving the results of H. рylori eradication therapy.
Gut Microbiota and its Metabolites in Pathogenesis of NAFLD
Authors: Reshetova M. S. , Zolnikova O. Yu. , Ivashkin V. T. , Ivashkin K. V. , Appolonova S. A. , Lapina T. L.
Published: March 2023

Aim: to provide information on the results of recent scientific research in the field of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) metabolomic profiling.

Key points. Metabolites of microbial origin are important biological molecules involved in many specific reactions of the human body. This literature review presents the results of recent studies in the field of metabolomics in patients with NAFLD. A more detailed understanding of the role of individual metabolites or their combinations in the NAFLD pathogenesis will allow us to determine the vector of further diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this nosology. The research results of the probiotics effect on the levels of certain metabolites are currently being discussed.

Conclusion. New research data in the field of studying the human metabolomic profile are presented. The results allow us to summarize the effects of microbial agents and their metabolites in the formation of changes in the liver parenchyma in the context of NAFLD. Changes in the level of endogenous ethanol, secondary bile acids, aromatic amino acids, branched chain amino acids, etc. have been described. Correlation between metabolites and certain bacterial strains has been established. A correlation between the ratio of bacteria types and clinical/laboratory parameters was noted in patients taking prebiotics.
Across the Causeway: A Singapore Childhood
Authors: Runnel Christine
Published: February 2023

N. B. Badarudin. Across the Causeway: A Singapore Childhood. Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan: Senisyurga Media, 2015.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy and a New Assessment Tool for Intractable Wounds of the Limbs
Authors: Sugiyama Takuro , Murakami Hidetaka , Noguchi Koji , Kawano Koji , Shibata Minami , Shiba Naoto
Published: March 2023

Background: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is indicated for intractable skin wounds and skin ulcers; however, assessing its efficacy for wounds at the periphery of the extremities may be difficult depending on the wound size (small wounds are challenging to differentiate over time with existing scores) and due to unclear metrics for assessing the amount of exudate and inflammation. To overcome this issue, we developed the Hand and Foot Wound Assessment Tool (HFWAT), comprising area and size, necrotic tissue and healthy granulation tissue, depth, amount of exudate, and inflammation and signs of infection. This study aimed to examine the effect of ESWT on obliterating limb wounds and evaluate outcomes using the HFWAT.Methods: The study included seven patients (four males, three females; 63.4±14.0 years) who visited our hospital between April 2018 and March 2020 and presented with persistent skin wounds on the hands and feet that did not heal despite treatment for more than 2 weeks. Patients received an energy flux density of 0.01 mJ/mm2, which was gradually increased. The HFWAT was used to evaluate the wound, and the pre- and post-ESWT scores were compared.Results: Successful wound healing was observed in all patients following ESWT. The median HFWAT score improved from 9.0 (interquartile range, 9–10) points before ESWT to 0.0 (interquartile range, 0–0) points at the final evaluation (P=0.05, n=7).Conclusion: ESWT was effective for intractable wounds, as demonstrated by the significantly improved HFWAT score. Furthermore, the HFWAT could be valuable for assessing small wounds in the peripheral extremities.
Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma on Burn Scar:
A Case Report
Authors: Park Jin Sol , Park Ji-Ung
Published: March 2023

Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS), a cutaneous form of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, is a rare, aggressive sarcoma that is known to develop on locations exposed to ultraviolet light. Here, we describe a unique case of PDS that developed on a burn scar with little ultraviolet light exposure. Most neoplasms from burn scars have an ectodermal origin, but our case was distinctive in that the neoplasm originated from the mesoderm. The 52-year-old patient, who had sustained a burn injury 40 years earlier, had suffered a small abrasion on his burn scar 3 months prior; the scar underwent rapid exophytic growth after repeated insult. After wide excision of the tumor with a clear resection margin and reconstruction with a skin graft, neither recurrence nor distant metastasis was reported. To our knowledge, this is the first case of diagnosis and successful management of a PDS originating from a burn scar. We discuss the diagnosis and management of this rare type of sarcoma, as well as its probable pathophysiologic mechanism related to burn scars. This case highlights the need for clinicians to promptly investigate patients with chronic wounds on their burn scars and to include PDS as one of the differential diagnoses.
Treatment of a Chronic Open Wound Related to Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal Cyst and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Seo Chan Eol , Kim Jeenam , Choi Hyungon , Shin Donghyeok , Lee Myungchul
Published: March 2023

Pilonidal sinus disease is a cystic lesion or draining sinus tract involving the sacrococcygeal area. A long-standing sinus tract can lead to squamous cell carcinoma in the tract and overlying skin. We present the case of a 56-year-old female patient who had undergone pilonidal cyst excision whose postoperative pathologic report indicated squamous cell carcinoma. The sinus tract did not heal for 3 months, and the patient was then transferred to our clinic. Our team conducted a thorough resection of the cystic lesion and the overlying skin, followed by the relocation of two flaps to restore the skin and soft tissue defect. The patient recovered after a 1-month wound healing period. Postoperative fluid collection or discharge did not occur, and the patient achieved the ability to perform daily activities such as walking and eating meals in the sitting position. Adequate resection of cystic lesions is necessary when treating pilonidal sinus disease. A benign cyst can turn into a malignant lesion, and additional wide excision followed by tissue restoration is a therapeutic option for curative treatment.
Topical Application of Purified Amniotic Fluid Accelerated Healing of Full-Thickness Burns, Negating the Need for Skin Grafts: A Case Report
Authors: Kweh Mercedes F. , Parks Megan , Salerno Alessandro , Vaughn Natalie E. , White Ian A.
Published: March 2023

Full-thickness burns almost always require skin grafting because the severity prevents the natural regenerative process. Here, we illustrate the potential to promote natural skin regeneration utilizing growth factors and regenerative proteins in purified amniotic fluid (PAF). A 24-year-old female suffered from full-thickness burns to her legs resulting from a rogue firework. This initiated a treatment plan involving extensive rehabilitation and skin grafting. Instead, the patient was treated with PAF (4 mL) administered topically over 2 days. Forty-five minutes following application, her pain decreased from 10/10 to 2/10. After two treatments her overall recovery time decreased by 75%–leaving her physicians surprised at the obviated need for skin grafting. Topical PAF relieved pain within minutes, making it easier to clean the affected area, enhancing sleep, and allowing more range of motion and autonomy. The efficiency of PAF to reduce pain allowed the patient to discontinue the use of prescribed hydrocodone, an opioid that is fueling an epidemic of abuse and addiction. Accelerated recovery time allowed the patient to return to work sooner, having broader economic implications on medical costs and personal time off. Finally, PAF enhanced the body’s own capacity to heal itself, avoiding painful and costly grafting and decreasing additional donor site scarring.
Usefulness of Intravenous Regional Anesthesia for Upper Extremity Arterial Injury Emergencies in Patients with COVID-19: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Kang Inho , Lee Joon Ho , Shin Hea Kyeong
Published: March 2023

The medical field has undergone many changes since the start of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. In small- and medium-sized hospitals that lack negative pressure facilities for operating rooms, it is impossible to operate on patients infected with COVID-19. As a result, many patients requiring emergency surgery experience serious complications or die. The authors performed intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) and emergency surgery in an isolation room on three patients who needed prompt surgical management for upper extremity arterial injuries but could not enter the operating room due to COVID-19 infection. Anesthesia was successful in all cases. A minor anesthetic complication occurred in one patient, who recovered spontaneously. IVRA is a relatively safe and easy method for anesthesia. Moreover, since the tourniquet is inflated before anesthesia, it is well-suited for patients with arterial injury. The method is simple and therefore easy to perform in an isolation room where space and manpower are limited. IVRA can be a good option in emergency surgery for upper extremity artery injury.
A Prospective, Randomized, Non-inferiority Trial to Compare the Efficacy of 3% Povidone-Iodine Foam Dressing and Silver Foam Dressing in the Treatment of Pressure Injuries
Authors: Park Kyung Hee , Baek Kyuwon , Kim Minkyung , Ju Myoung Jean , Jung Won Hee , Yoon Yong Soon
Published: March 2023

Background: As chronic wounds such as pressure injuries (PIs) are frequently colonized and can easily deteriorate into infection, it is important to reduce their bacterial load, for which antimicrobial dressings can be needed. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a 3% povidone-iodine (PVP-I) foam dressing compared to that of a silver foam dressing.Methods: This prospective non-inferiority study was conducted between 2016 and 2019 at three sites in South Korea. A total of 80 PI subjects were randomized to be dressed with either PVP-I foam (experimental group) or silver foam (control group) for up to 8 weeks.Results: Based on the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) tool, 25.0% of the experimental groups and 17.5% of the control groups (χ2=0.743, P=0.389) healed by more than 70%. The degree of reduction in wound size was analyzed using Image J, and the experimental and control groups decreased by 41.6%±35.3% and 49.7%±38.2% (t=–0.986, P=0.327), respectively. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to confirm the time to heal showed that if more than 30% of the PUSH score was healed, the time to heal was 27.0±9.3 days and 18.0±2.8 days in the two groups (χ2=3.225, P=0.073), respectively. The healing rates at 50 days were 85.8%±8.9% and 93.9%±5.7% in the two groups (P=0.073), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in all results.Conclusion: This study demonstrated the non-inferiority of the 3% PVP-I foam dressing compared to the silver foam dressing for PI treatment.
Antiseptics and Cleansing the Chronic Wound: Best Practice
Authors: Kim Mijin
Published: March 2023

In the management of chronic wounds, the concept of “wound hygiene” has emerged to effectively manage biofilms, an obstacle to wound healing. The core principles of wound hygiene are wound cleansing, debridement, edge refashioning, and dressing. Cleansing is the first step in wound hygiene and should be performed at every dressing change to reduce the bacterial load and prevent biofilm formation. It is also performed to remove remaining debris after debridement. Cleansing should be performed not only on the wound but also on the surrounding skin. In addition, in order to break down rigid biofilm barriers, surfactants or antiseptics should be actively used at an early stage. Antiseptics should have excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity while also being hypoallergenic. Octenidine dihydrochloride, polyhexanide, and povidone-iodine have these properties and are suitable for use as cleansing solutions. To effectively manage chronic wound biofilms, it is important to select an appropriate antiseptic and cleanse vigorously with sufficient time for the antiseptic to work. In addition, taking wound hygiene procedures for granted and repeating them regularly and frequently will lay the foundation for promoting wound healing.
An empirical study to detect agency problems in listed corporations: The emerging market study
Authors: Flayyih Hakeem Hammood , Khiari Wided
Published: March 2023

The aim of this paper is to shed the light on the concepts of agency theory by measuring one of the problems that arise from it, which is represented by earnings management (EM) practices. The research problem is demonstrated by the failure of some Iraqi banks and their subsequent placement under the supervision of the Central Bank of Iraq, which was attributed, in part, to the inadequacy of the agency model in protecting stakeholders in shareholding institutions, as well as EM, pushed professional institutions to adopt the corporate governance model as a method to regulate the problem of accounting information asymmetry between the parties to the agency. We are using the Beneish M-score model and the financial analysis equations in the Beneish model for bank data for both the income statement and the financial position to do so. The sample includes 30 Iraqi banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2017, with the goal of inferring agency problems through EM practices. The results show that there are problems for the agency in the research sample banks throughout the research periods, and the percentages of those problems vary from one year to another. Apart from detecting agency problems, the art of financial ratios that have been used can be useful for auditors in conducting financial analyses, and thus they can be used as tools to detect fraud, given those agency problems resulting from profit manipulation are only aspects of fraud in the financial statements.
Universal encapsulation adhesive for lead sedimentation and attachable perovskite solar cells with enhanced performance.
Authors: Zhu Xuehao , Cai Haoyu , Bai Cong , Shen Wenjian , Xiong Yiming , Zhao Juan , Huang Fuzhi , Cheng Yi-Bing , Zhong Jie
Published: March 2023

In this work, a modified polyurethane adhesive (PUA) was prepared to
realize a convenient encapsulation strategy for lead efficient
sedimentation and for attachable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The
modified PUA can completely self-healing within 45 minutes at room
temperature and it has a lead ion blocking rate of 99.3% in the
dripping experiment. The PUA film can directly contact with the metal
electrode surface with a slight efficiency improvement from 23.96% to
24.15%. The thermal stability of 65℃ and humidity stability of 55% RH
is superior to the encapsulated devices with polyisobutylene. The PUA
film has strong adhesion to flexible substrate, and the initial
efficiency of flexible perovskite module (17.2%) encapsulated by PUA
remains 92.6% within 1825 h. These results suggest PUA encapsulation
route is universal for rigid and flexible PSCs with enhanced stability
and low lead hazardous. Moreover, it was found that the flexible PSCs
can be well attached to varied substrates with PUA, providing a facile
route for the attachable PSCs in various scenarios without additional
encapsulation and installation.
Galantamine alleviates cognitive dysfunction in aged mice by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Jia Tao , Zhu Xiaobo , Teng Jinliang
Published: March 2023

Objective: The risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly
patients is high, affecting work and life, and the quality of life is
decreased to some extent. However, there is an urgent need to discover a
new therapeutic target drug to prevent POCD occurrence. Galantamine, a
cholinesterase inhibitor, can reduce apoptosis and relieve POCD by
inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our study will investigate the
mechanism of galantamine on isoflurane induced POCD in aged mice.
Methods: The aim of this study was to construct a POCD model of aged
mice, test the effects of isoflurane on learning and memory of aged mice
by using Y maze and open field equipment, and then analyze the apoptosis
rate of hippocampal CA1 neurons by TUNEL method. The mRNA and protein
expressions of GRP78, ATF4 and CHOP were determined by RT-qPCR and
Western-Blot. Through experimental analysis, this study also obtained
the optimal dose of galantamine in the treatment of POCD. Results: Our
experimental results showed that after isoflurane anesthesia, the
cognitive function of aged mice was significantly impaired, the neuronal
cells in the hippocampus were seriously apoptotic, and GRP78, ATF4 and
CHOP were upregulated. It is worth noting that our study confirmed that
galantamine saved neuronal cell apoptosis in aged mice and drastically
down-regulated GRP78, ATF4 and CHOP, which is expected to be a new
pharmacological target for the treatment of POCD. Interpretation:
Galanthamine is a drug with wide application space in the field of
postoperative cognitive impairment research. This study explores
pharmacological targets for improving cognitive dysfunction
Pelvic gunshot wound presenting as bladder clot concealing a left external iliac injury
Authors: Mukendi Alain Mwamba , Mathye Charles
Published: March 2023

Iliac artery injuries from gunshot wounds are very rare and lethal
injuries associated with high mortality rate. Concurrent ballistic
external iliac artery and bladder injuries resulting in an acute
ilio-vesical shunt or fistula and discovered at the time of presentation
are extremely rare.
PSEUDOTUMOR ABSCESS OF THE KIDNEY ISTHMUS AT HORSESHOE: ABOUT A CASE
Authors: Lucien RAZAFITAHINJANAHARY , Tsalama RANDRIAMANANTSOA , Eric SOLOFOARIMANANA , Herizo ARIJAINALALAO , Hoby RAMBEL , Felantsoa RAKOTOTIANA , Honora RANTOMALALA Yoël
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Abscess on the isthmus of horseshoe kidney is rare. Our
goal is to report the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulty.
Observation: woman 42-year-old , had history of dental caries. The
clinical manifestation is atypical, marked by chronic pain in the right
hypochondrium and periumbilical. The biological anomaly is an increase
COMPLEMENTARY RESULTS FOR h -CONVEX FUNCTIONS WITH APPLICATIONS
Authors: Sababheh Mohammad , MINCULETE NICUŞOR , FURUICHI SHIGERU , Moradi Hamid
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we present several new properties of h-convex
functions in a way that complements those known properties for convex
functions. The obtained results include, but are not limited to,
Mercer-type inequalities, gradient inequalities, Jensen-type
inequalities, Mean-like bounds, Hermite-Hadamard inequalities, external
behavior, and super-additive inequalities. The obtained results, then,
are employed to obtain some applications related to matrix inequalities,
including unital positive mappings, weak majorization, and trace
inequalities that generalize the celebrated Klein inequality.
Letter: Appraising War’s Impacts On Neurosurgical Delivery In Ukraine
Authors: Adebusoye Favour Tope , Wireko Andrew Awuah , Wellington Jack , Bel-Nono Katerina Namaa , Abdul-Rahman Toufik , Denys Ovechkin , Mykolayivna Nikitina Iryna , Sikora Vladyslav
Published: March 2023

The conflict in Ukraine, which started when Russia invaded and violated
its sovereignty, has led to the country’s worst war since the annexation
of Crimea in 2014. The war has resulted in a significant number of
casualties, displaced millions of people, and damaged the healthcare
system, which was already struggling before the conflict. The
neurosurgical field, in particular, has been severely affected, with
infrastructure and healthcare systems routinely demolished or
interrupted in conflict zones, making fundamental medical operations
unavailable to victims of armed conflict. As a result, neurosurgeons
have been compelled to conduct surgeries outside of their areas of
competence, in makeshift settings or under challenging conditions, with
limited access to materials and equipment. The war has also severely
damaged specialized neurosurgery facilities, causing a severe shortage
of crucial supplies and equipment. To address the challenges facing
neurosurgery care in Ukraine, it is essential to rebuild and repair the
damaged neurosurgical centers and provide them with the necessary
equipment and supplies to successfully administer neurosurgical
treatments. Training programs for neurosurgeons and other medical
specialists must also be organized to manage complex neurosurgical
problems under difficult conditions.