bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cirurgia Bariátrica: Acompanhamento Nutricional no Pós-operatório
Authors: Silva Joselinny Carvalho , Brasil Gabrielle Vieira da Silva
Published: November 2024

O acompanhamento nutricional no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica tem um papel fundamental para a obtenção de resultados ainda melhores. Este trabalho aborda a importância do acompanhamento nutricional para pacientes que se submeteram a cirurgia bariátrica, considerando as estratégias nutricionais para estes pacientes. O problema central da investigação é como o acompanhamento nutricional pode garantir melhores resultados para aqueles que passaram por uma cirurgia bariátrica. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral desse trabalho é compreender a importância de um acompanhamento nutricional adequado em pacientes pós bariátrica. Para isso utilizou-se dos objetivos específicos: discorrer sobre as principais deficiências nutricionais em pessoas que foram submetidas a cirurgia bariátrica, delinear o perfil clínico de pacientes pós-operatório, além de definir estratégias nutricionais para pacientes que fizeram cirurgia bariátrica. A metodologia aplicada neste trabalho envolve uma revisão de literatura baseada em artigos, livros, revistas etc. Tais obras foram acessadas em plataformas como Google acadêmico, Scielo, Pubmed e Medline. O período de publicação foram os últimos 10 anos. O estudo reside na necessidade de orientar os nutricionistas, visando destacar seu papel transformador e essencial para estes pacientes pós bariátrica, a fim de promover a saúde e qualidade de vida dos mesmos.

Palavras-chave: Cirurgia bariátrica. Acompanhamento nutricional. Deficiências nutricionais. Obesidade mórbida.
A ARTETERAPIA COMO FERRAMENTA DE CUIDADO EMOCIONAL NA INFÂNCIA
Authors: Silva Filho Ademar Henriques da
Published: November 2024

A arte tem uma dimensão muito ampla no que diz respeito à influência que pode ter na infância das crianças em todas as áreas que abrange: cultural, histórica, estética, educacional, intelectual, criativa, antropológica, religiosa. A relação entre arte e emoção é considerada uma questão de estudo. As respostas emocionais que surgem através do uso da arte têm sido vistas em pesquisas recentes. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é discutir o uso da arteterapia como ferramenta para o cuidado emocional na infância. A arteterapia é uma forma de se conectar com o ser criativo, proposital e decisivo de cada pessoa. Ajuda você a processar emoções e compreender a perda. Facilita a aquisição e compreensão das matérias acadêmicas, em geral contribui muito no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Reorganize as ideias. Melhorar o autoconhecimento, o autocontrole, a autoestima, a autoconfiança e o autoconceito. Memória, atenção e concentração. As artes desempenham um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento da criatividade na criança, pois através delas a criança exerce a sua flexibilidade, inovação e originalidade, dando lugar ao seu pensamento criativo para acabar numa obra de arte, são técnicas lúdicas, nas quais o a criança é transportada para um ambiente de brincadeira e diversão para criar o que pensa, quer ou deseja. As técnicas das artes refletem os sentimentos, emoções e sensações da criança, e estas podem ser utilizadas para a detecção de problemas ou para o seu tratamento, estão intimamente ligadas à educação, pois desenvolvem o pensamento criativo da criança, ajudam a exercitar a sua motricidade e, sobretudo, fazem da criança um ser imaginativo e inovador.

Palavras-chave: arteterapia; psicopedagogia; educação; emoções; expressão artística.
Inventorization and Exploration of Floral Diversity in Metropolitan Cities of India for Their Suitability in Floriculture of Kashmir
Authors: Sheikh Abdul Shakoor , Shoufar Farooq , Muskan Tareq , Iqra Rashid , Uzmeena Amin , Tehseen Manzoor , Nimra Mukhtar , Tabiya Altaf , Anjum Tehseen , Nazir Ahmad Malla
Published: November 2024

Floriculture is the branch of horticulture that deals with the cultivation and management of flowers and ornamental plants and has blossomed into commercial activity with considerable growth and a useful crop diversification option, particularly for small farmers over the past three decades. It is a global industry with significant economic, social, and aesthetic values. Globally 171 countries practice floriculture. India occupies 51st position in terms of exports and contributes Rs. 455 crores which is 0.06% of global trade.
The present study was carried out during the College on Wheels project organized by the Higher Education Council, Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir, and was aimed to explore the floral and ornamental plant diversity of major metropolitan cities like Delhi, Goa, Bengaluru, Mumbai, etc. of India for evaluating their suitability for introduction in floriculture of Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir.
The floral and ornamental plant species were explored, photographed, evaluated, identified, and inventorised. A total of 51 species belonging to 23 different families of floral and ornamental plants were explored and evaluated in terms of parameters like climate, soil type, photoperiod requirements, watering needs, and maintenance requirements for their cultivation. It was found that some of the explored species of ornamental plants were already introduced into the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir because the parameters for the successful growth and thriving of these species match with the existing climatic and other conditions in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Besides, the climatic and other requirements of some of the explored species were found in conformity with the climatic and other parameters available in the Union Territory of J&K for the successful establishment and growth of plants. Thus, there is an urgent need to introduce these explored species into the region to enhance the floral diversity of ornamental plants, beautify the landscape, and promote tourism and the generation of better livelihood. The Department of Floriculture should take a lead role in this direction to import these floral and ornamental plant specimens from pan India.
{-DI} Ekinin Kökeni Üzerine Düşünceler
Authors: Fener Kubilay
Published: November 2024

Türkçede ekler, görev ve fonksiyonlarının yanı sıra köken bakımından da incelemelerin odak noktasında bulunmaktadır. Nitekim eklerin kökenine ilişkin pek çok çalışmanın günümüze kadar yapılageldiği görülmektedir. İlgili duruma istinaden bu çalışmada, bilinen geçmiş zaman ekinin kökeni incelenecektir. Türkçenin bildirme kipleri arasında yer alan {-DI} ekinin kökeni üzerine O. Böhtlingk (1851)’den beri pek çok Türkolog görüş ve düşünce ifade etmiştir. İlgili ekin kökenine dair belirtilen etimoloji denemelerinin hayli çeşitli olması, konuya ilişkin fikir birliği sağlanamadığı ve literatürde hâlâ bir tartışma bahsi olarak varlığını sürdürdüğüne işaret etmektedir. Öte yandan ekin kökeni hakkında birbirinden epeyi farklı görüşler ifade edilmesine karşın bunlardan iki tanesinin ön plana çıktığı görülmektedir: I. ‘Fiilden isim yapım eki {-D}+iyelik eklerinin’ birleşimiyle oluşmuştur; II. {-DIk} sıfat fiil ekinden gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yeni bir köken önerisinde bulunmaktan ziyade ikinci görüşün doğruluğu savunulacak ve birinci görüşü savunan araştırmacıların hangi noktaları aydınlatmaları gerektiği üzerinde durulacaktır. Ekin kökenine ilişkin ortaya çıkan belirsizliğe cevap verebilmek için öncelikle ekin menşei üzerine yapılan değerlendirmeler kısaca gözden geçirilecek, ardından kendi görüş ve düşüncelerimiz belirtilecektir.
Gli ultimi giorni di Dante?
Authors: Brunetti Giuseppina , Macchiarelli Agnese
Published: November 2024

Il volume indaga uno dei capitoli più complessi e dibattuti della vita di Dante Alighieri, ripercorrendo con mente filologica i suoi ultimi giorni e la cosiddetta ambasceria a Venezia. Della biografia di Dante pressoché tutto sembrerebbe esser noto. Quasi nulla invece di strettamente documentario ci è davvero rimasto. Esattamente come nessun verso o rigo di mano propria, nessun libro certamente posseduto o postillato, nessun documento, pubblico o privato, da lui redatto, scritto o sottoscritto. Egualmente: nessun atto sicuro riguarda la conclusione della sua vita, la sua morte a Ravenna, nell’ultimo rifugio che dovette accoglierlo. Alla luce di un rigoroso esame delle testimonianze e dei testi letterari coevi, si offre al lettore, con l’edizione completa dei documenti, una visione inedita di quei giorni finali, ancora sospesi tra racconto, storia e invenzione.
segador
Authors: Litvak Lily
Published: November 2024

España heredó la cultura agrícola latina y con ella el cultivo del cereal. La obras de Catón el Viejo; De Agricultura (160 AC), de Varron De Res Rustica (37 AC), Las Geórgicas de Virgilio (29 AC) y más precisamente la Geórgica I explican el concepto del “labor” del campesino en las labranzas y citan las herramientas utilizadas en la agricultura. Estas también son descritas por el hispano-romano Columela, nacido en Cádiz en el año 4 de nuestra era. Fue autor de dos importantes libros: De Re rustica  y De arboribus, y menciona varias guadañas para cosechar y las palas planas para cargar o aventar el grano. En el siglo IV Paladio en su Tratado de Agricultura, resume a los autores latinos y sobre todo a Columela  y entre las herramientas incluye el arado simple, el arado de orejas, la azada de dos puntas, el hacha pico, la hachuela, el podón y diversos tipos de guadañas. Es lógico que entre los primeros cultivos presentes en Cataluña se encuentre el cereal, establecido entre los siglos IX al XI sobre todo en las partes prepirienéica y central por las tempranas repoblaciones de hispani. Los colonos convirtieron ciertas partes cubiertas de bosque y matorral en tierras de cultivo, logrando parcelas fijas o itinerantes que aprovechaban la fertilidad de los suelos forestales. En esas tierras se cultivaron diferentes variedades de trigo, centeno, mijo y algo de cebada. Ese fue el origen y el desarrollo de una población rural que formó parte de la historia de la región. La pintura del paisaje con temas agrarios fue muy valorada desde mediados del siglo XIX por la influencia del realismo. El romanticismo no había apreciado un paisaje que aparecía con campos acotados y utilizados por el hombre. Era contrario a la idea romántica de la naturaleza que exaltaba el misterio de la montaña, los bosques, las cataratas, las formas enigmáticas de las nubes y las rocas… Aunque los temas del cultivo del campo aparecieron en la pintura desde la antigüedad, éstos eran solo una manera de marcar determinadas fechas o para contextualizar alguna lección moral.
Fotografia y antropología visual
Authors: Muñoz Jiménez José
Published: November 2024

Entrevista realizada el 19 de diciembre de 2021 al antropólogo norteamericano Stanley Brandes, profesor profesor del Departamento de Antropología de la Universidad de California, Berkeley. En esta entrevista se habla de su interés por la antropología visual y más concretamente por la fotogra´fía de carácter documental.
INTEGRAL RISK ORIENTED APPROACH IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF VISUAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Bielikov A.S. , Podkopaev S.V. , Zhurbenko V.M. , Nazha P.M. , Ragimov S.Yu.
Published: November 2024

Problem statement. The analysis of literary sources and the conducted research allow us to establish patterns of influence of the global environment on the level of potential danger of the working environment. An improper distribution of light reduces work productivity, causes eye fatigue, provokes eye diseases, and increases the level of injuries. The purpose of the work is the theoretical justification of the implementation of an integrated approach to the comprehensive assessment of the risks of the negative impact of the light environment, taking into account foreign experience. The task of the research: to more fully assess occupational safety, the effect of visual environment factors on the functional state of workers using the methods of calculating potential risk. Performing work of high visual complexity leads to an increased risk of occupational diseases and injuries, including when performing work of increased danger. Performing work of high visual complexity leads to an increased risk of occupational diseases and injuries, including when performing work of increased danger. Inadequate quality of the lighting environment not only reduces productivity, but can also lead to employee injuries and an emergency situation at the enterprise. Since employees of enterprises are exposed to the multifactorial influence of harmful factors of the visual environment, such as: reduced contrast of the background and the distinguishing object, direct and reflected glare, flickering of light, and others, this approach greatly simplifies the assessment of the degree of real professional and industrial risk for a specific workplace. Research results show the greater effectiveness of the application of the integrated risk-oriented approach compared to traditional assessment methods due to the ability to more accurately take into account the multifactorial influence of the light environment, which is not foreseen by the current standards for assessing the quality of the light environment of industrial premises. For the first time, the application of an integrated risk-oriented approach is proposed for the comprehensive assessment of the light environment in workplaces where visual work of high complexity, which is assessed as work of increased danger, is carried out. For the first time, the application of an integral risk-oriented approach is proposed for the comprehensive assessment of the light environment in workplaces where visual work of high complexity is carried out, which is assessed as work of increased danger. Practical significance. The proposed technique can be applied in the assessment of industrial risk at workplaces of a wide range of professions. First of all, it is recommended to implement it when assessing the visual environment of the premises, where it is planned to perform works of high visual complexity.
RADIATION PROTECTION WHEN USING SOURCES OF IONIZING RADIATION IN MEDICINE
Authors: Garmash S.M. , Gerasimenko V.O. , Smirnova O.V.
Published: November 2024

Problem statement. The use of sources of ionizing radiation (SIR) in medicine is necessary for establishing diagnoses and treating patients, as well as measures for visualization and localization of various formations when using radiopharmaceuticals to study the functions and structure of organs. But when using sources of ionizing radiation, risks from radiation exposure to patients and staff are possible. Such risks are safety concerns in nuclear medicine procedures. The application of SIR requires proper radiation protection in accordance with the norms and rules of nuclear and radiation safety. Purpose of the article is to develop recommendations for improving radiation safety measures in medical institutions of Ukraine on the basis of an analytical review of regulatory and scientific and technical literature on radiation safety when using ionizing radiation in nuclear medicine in the countries of the world. Conclusions. During medical research using sources of ionizing radiation, risks from radiation exposure to patients and staff are possible. Radiation safety should consider: duration of exposure, distance of patients and staff from the source of radiation and use of appropriate protection. Dosimeters for measuring the total radiation dose must be worn by all personnel of the radiology department of the hospital. For interventional radiologists, lead aprons and thyroid shields are the primary means of radiation protection that must be worn at all times during the procedure. It is recommended that criteria for clinical audits be included in standards and accreditation and certification programs related to medical practice using ionizing radiation. It is advisable to introduce the teaching of clinical audit into the initial and continuing education and curricula of the professional training of medical workers, including administrative and managerial profiles. In the radiological laboratories of Ukraine, it is expedient to implement the recommendations of the EU Atomic Energy Commission in accordance with Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom. Clinical audit of medical radiological procedures will provide an opportunity to improve the quality and safety of medical services, as well as patient health care.
Parametric excitation of non-stationary magnetoelastic vibrations in the scheme of magnetostriction converter
Authors:   Syktyvkar Forest Institute, 167982, Russia, Syktyvkar, st. Lenina, 39, Asadullin F.F. , Pleshev D.A. ,   Syktyvkar Forest Institute, 167982, Russia, Syktyvkar, st. Lenina, 39, Shavrov V.G. ,   Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics RAS, 125009, Russia, Moscow, st. Mokhovaya, 11 b.7, Shcheglov V.I. ,   Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics RAS, 125009, Russia, Moscow, st. Mokhovaya, 11 b.7
Published: November 2024

The parametric excitation of non-stationary magnetoelastic vibrations in magnetostriction converter by action of light from femto-second laser is investigated. The scheme of sine modulation of saturation magnetization is investigated. It is found two regimes: sign-constant and sign-varied. It is shown that by sign-varied modulation it is organized sharp pronounced non-stationary delay splash of amplitude magnetic and elastic vibrations. It is shown that in mechanism of splash formation the mast role plays magnetoelastic interaction. It is investigated the splash amplitude dependences from magnetoelastic constant, parameters magnetic and elastic relaxation, constant field value and thickness of magnetoelastic plate. It is investigated the splash structure by variation of step in time. It is shown that the step variation causes to changing of splash position in time and its amplitude so as splash has fractal character. It is proposed some recommendations for work development.
Восстановление плодородных свойств почвы в период рекультивации
Authors: Кирдин Владимир Филиппович , Штырхунов В. Д. , Конончук В. В. , Тимошенко С. М.
Published: November 2024

Описаны мероприятия по реабилитации плодородных свойств почв при воздействии неблагоприятных факторов техногенного характера, связанных с проведенной рекультивацией пашни. Для восстановления элементов плодородия почвы на рекультивируемых участках полевых севооборотов необходимо выполнение комплекса агрохимических мероприятий, включая равномерное внесение мелиорантов, органических и минеральных удобрений, средств защиты растений и стимуляторов роста. Положительные результаты получены от ежегодного использования при основной обработке почвы экспериментального фронтального плуга с противоэрозионными корпусами, способствующему выравниванию плодородия на всей площади поля. В результате комплекса выполненных работ по рекультивации пашни за 3 ротации шестипольного севооборота существенно улучшились плодородные свойства пахотного слоя. За последующие ротации севооборота посевы выглядели выровнено, а урожайность по годам стабилизировалась. В период с 2019 по 2024 г. урожайность зеленой массы в занятом пару составила 150,0 ц/га, озимой пшеницы — 55 ц/га, ячменя — 34 ц/га, гороха — 28 ц/га, озимой3тритикале — 51 ц/га, овса — 39 ц/га посевов.
Reporte de resonancia magnética en pacientes con cáncer de recto en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Cadavid-Navas Marcela , Correa-Cote Juan Camilo , Miraldo-Villegas Manuela Alejandra , Ruiz-Grajales Álvaro Esteban , Sánchez-Zapata Miguel Ángel , Posada-Cuartas Catalina , Bareño-Silva Jorge
Published: November 2024

Introducción. La resonancia magnética nuclear es un estudio ampliamente usado, que se ha convertido actualmente en una herramienta imprescindible para la toma de decisiones terapéuticas en los pacientes con cáncer de recto. El objetivo de este estudio fue esclarecer si los informes actuales cumplen con las recomendaciones internacionales respecto a los ítems que deben incluir para tomar mejores decisiones en el manejo y el seguimiento de los pacientes.
Métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de una cohorte de seguimiento de pacientes con cáncer de recto a quienes se les realizó resonancia magnética nuclear para estadificación o re-estadificación posterior a una terapia neoadyuvante, entre julio de 2020 y julio del 2022, en 2 centros de referencia de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia.
Resultados. En total se evaluaron 205 informes de resonancia magnética nuclear tomadas en pacientes con cáncer de recto, de los cuales el 50,2 % fueron de diagnóstico inicial sin terapia neoadyuvante y el 49,7 % fueron informes de re-estadificación posterior a terapia neoadyuvante. Se evaluaron 13 ítems de los reportes de las resonancias. Se encontró que un 2 % de los reportes fueron de alta calidad, 14,6 % de moderada calidad y 83,4 % de baja calidad.
Conclusiones. La mayoría de los reportes de resonancia magnética nuclear en pacientes con cáncer de recto son de baja calidad, por lo tanto, serán necesarias estrategias que mejoren la comunicación, la estandarización y la calidad de los estudios.
A Research Study on Tobacco Associated Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) Prevalent in Oral Mucosa of Lumbini Province/District Rupandehi Population of Nepal
Authors: Gupta Siddharth , Man Shrestha Pratik
Published: November 2024

Background: Tobacco associated Oral mucosal lesions (OML) oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) that comprise of oral sub-mucous fibrosis, oral leukoplakia, tobacco pouch keratosis, chewer’s mucositis, pan encrustation are the most prevalent diseases in Rupandehi District, Lumbini province (Province Five) of Nepal. These OPMDs are usually caused by the consumption of both smokeless and smoked forms of tobacco. Smoking, chewing of the tobacco products including alcohol consumption are the common prevalent habits in Nepal and have been positively associated with such lesions. Aim of the Research Study: With this background, a research study has been conducted to assess the prevalence of OPMDs and their association among the patients visiting the outpatient department in Rupandehi district of Nepal. Research Methods and Material: This descriptive, cross-sectional prevalence study included five hundred participants who visited the Outpatient Department and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The study data was carried out from August 2003 till April 2024. Institutional Review Committee (IRC) provided the ethical clearance to the study, which was duly obtained along with patient consent that were part of the study. Standardised proforma was used for recording demographic details, and WHO Assessment form for oral mucosal lesions were used to record the tobacco use status and findings of the clinical and laboratory investigations. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 23, and the results were calculated along with the level of significance. Research Study Results: The final sample was comprised of 500 cases of which 392 were males and 108 were females. The mean age of the study population was 58.19 ± 12.33 years (p<0.001). Leukoplakia in its varied forms (OPMD) accounted for almost 82% of the sample cases. The lesions from patients aged from 41 to 80 years presented moderate and severe dysplasia more often than lesions from patients in other age groups. The prevalence of tobacco use among study participants was 41.25% and that of the OML (oral mucosal lesions) positively attributed with use of tobacco was 39.28%. Tobacco chewing (areca nut) were significant predictors of oral sub mucous fibrosis in this population. Conclusion: The prevalence study emphasizes the deleterious effects of tobacco use on oral mucosa and also serves as a path for future tobacco cessation programs that would be helpful to prevent OPMDs in the Nepalese population especially in Province V (Rupandehi District) of Nepal.
Keywords: OPMDs, oral diagnosis, oral leukoplakia, oral sub mucous fibrosis, chewer’s mucositis, tobacco cessation
The First Two Charters for the Austin Penitential Canons regular in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at Bystritsa and Medininkai (1390–1391)
Authors: Baronas Darius
Published: November 2024

The article seeks to present a commented critical edition of the two charters issued by Władysław II Jagiełło/Jogaila, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, to the Austin Penitential Canons Regular who settled in recently converted Lithuania in the late 14th century in Bystritsa (in present-day Belarus) and Medininkai. They are dated 21 May 1390 and 2 April 1391, respectively. The existence of these documents was known to scholarship from at least the late 19th century, and a partial edition of the texts of later copies was easily accessible from the time when Jan Fijałek and Władysław Semkowicz published their Codex diplomaticus ecclesiae cathedralis necnon dioeceseos Vilnensis. This article contains the full edition of the Bystritsa charter, made from a copy that in all probability was made in June 1540. It also contains the full edition of the Medininkai charter, made from the original parchment produced some time between 1392 and 1394. The availability of the whole texts allows us to better identify the group of people involved in the process of the settlement of the Penitential Canons in Lithuania. In this respect, the most interesting case is represented by Andreas Lascarii, the future Bishop of Poznań (1414–1426). His involvement in the production of these documents may be regarded as his first-known activities in the public field.
The Concept of Republic in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Epoch of the First Statute of Lithuania
Authors: Urmański Antoni K.
Published: November 2024

The Renaissance in Europe is associated with new achievements not just in culture, art and economic life, but also in the field of political thought, where there was a return to examples of political theory and action from the times of Antiquity. The reception of Western ideas can also be noticed in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the late 15th and mid-16th centuries, where, in addition to the state’s official title, general concepts such as res publica, dominium and patria were also used. In this paper, the author analyses these concepts in public and private texts in order to answer the following questions: what meaning did the words Rech’ Pospolitaya and res publica have in 16th-century written records (primarily the First Statute and Second Statute of Lithuania)? How were these concepts perceived by the authors of the mentioned documents; is their depiction as venerators of Antique ideals warranted? And finally, to what extent are the ideas mentioned reflected in the actual state order in place in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the turn of the 16th century, independent of the rhetoric being used in public texts and other documents?
Searching for New Identities: The Belarusian Minority in the Latvian-Belarusian Borderlands from the 1920s to the 1990s
Authors: Saleniece Irēna , Grizāne Maija
Published: November 2024

The research presented here is based on life stories that were collected during fieldwork in the Latvian-Belarusian borderland from 2003 to 2020 by the Oral History Centre of Daugavpils University. These oral testimonies of Belarusians disclose the circumstances that facilitated or interfered with their involvement in local society, and the changes which occurred in their sense of self-identity. The results of a comparison of three groups of Belarusians demonstrate major differences between identity, formed during the existence of the independent state, the Soviet period, and the post-Soviet period in Latvia’s history. The groups concerned are: (1) Belarusians born during the 1920s and 1930s in the territory of Latvia; (2) Belarusians born during the 1920s and 1930s who moved to the territory of Latvia in the 1940s and 1950s; and (3) Belarusians born during the 1940s and 1950s who moved to the territory of Latvia in the 1960s and 1970s. Belarusians of group 1 mostly integrated successfully into Latvian society, preserving their ethnic identity to some extent. The Soviet migrants (groups 2 and 3), influenced by communist ideology and russification, with some exceptions mostly identified with the ‘Soviet people’, ignoring ethnicity. These Belarusians integrated successfully into Soviet Latvia, but after the collapse of the USSR they had problems recognising the political changes, and needed support in finding their own place in Latvian society.
School Racial Climate and the Racialized Experiences of Racially Minoritized Youth in Schools: What We Know and Where to Go
Authors: Golden Alexandrea R. , Gale Adrian , Griffin Charity Brown , Knox Jerica , Bland Jasric J.
Published: November 2024

The importance of the school environment in the development and achievement of youth has been well-documented. Racial inequities within the school environment may lead to differential schooling experiences and perceptions between racially minoritized youth and their White peers. Differences in school racial climate contribute to the achievement gap and impact psychosocial outcomes. Despite this understanding, school racial climate literature remains underemphasized due, in part, to the absence of a unifying model of school racial climate. The current article discusses the importance of school racial climate as conceptually distinct from school climate, provides an overview of existing literature across fields, and identifies factors for consideration in advancing school racial climate research.
Risk Factors and a Predictive Model for the Co-Occurrence of Endometrial Polyps in Patients with Endometriosis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Song Zhi-Min , Wan Xiao-Jie , Chen Jian-Peng , Zhang Tao , Luo Jie , Zhou Jian-Hong , Li Jing-Yi
Published: November 2024

Background: The incidence of endometrial polyps (EPs) is higher in patients with endometriosis (EM) compared to the general population. This study aims to analyze the various indices in EM patients with and without EPs and to establish an effective combined prediction model to predict the presence of EPs in EM patients. Method: This retrospective study included 1250 EM patients. Logistic regression analysis was employed to develop a combined diagnostic model. Results: Compared to EM patients without EPs, those with EPs had significantly higher age, gravidity, parity, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), platelet (PLT), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and significantly lower hemoglobin (HGB) and white blood cells (WBCs) (p < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, a prediction model for the presence of EPs in EM patients was developed based on BMI, DBP, gravidity, parity, LH, WBCs, HGB, TC, and FPG. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) for the combined diagnostic model was 0.78 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.75–0.82, p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, cut-off value, and Youden index of the model were 77.6%, 66.1%, 0.159, and 0.437, respectively. Conclusions: Metabolic alterations were found to be associated with the presence of EPs in EM patients. The diagnostic model based on these potential risk factors may offer a novel approach for the early diagnosis and targeted treatment of EPs in EM patients.
Isolation of a Novel Bacterium Isolate Capable of Utilizing Crude Oil and Diesel Oil Spills as a Biological Bioremediation Agent
Authors: Aljeboury Ghydaa H. , Dawood AbdulSalam Tawfeeq , Khalaf Rawaa A. , Algafari Rebah N. , Ramadhan Rehab S. , Talib Sura S.
Published: November 2024

Background: Contamination with crude oil and hydrocarbons has become a global threat. Such threats have urged us to invent solutions to deal with this dilemma. However, chemical treatment comes with limited benefits. The use of bioremediation proved to be the optimal approach to face this problem since it is cost-effective, time-conserving and may improve the quality of soil and increase its fertility. Methods: Soil samples were collected from three sites with the highest degree of pollution in Iraq: Al-Latifia, Al-Begei, and Basra. These were the source of novel Streptomyces isolates that could degrade contaminants and be used as a source of nutrients. The isolation principle was the degradation of petroleum in these soils as a carbon source. Results: The most efficient isolate was obtained from Basra soil, characterized by the highest degree of contamination. The bacterium grows on minimal medium with crude oil, diesel fuel, aromatic, and non-aromatic hydrocarbons as the only source of carbon and showed the ability to reduce a hydrocarbon mixture containing 23 analytes with C8-C40 and C13-C30 representing total crude hydrocarbons effectively and with a high mineralization capability reaching 84%. This isolate was found to produce biosurfactants and reduce surface tension significantly. Conclusions: Using chemical treatment of crude oil contaminants, burying the contaminated areas, or sometimes flooding them with water to eliminate these contaminants may not be an effective solution. Thus, using nonpathogenic microorganisms, especially those indigenous to the soil, maybe the most effective solution to achieve this goal.
The Limits of Electoral Gender Quotas in Rural Local Bodies
Authors: KAREKURVE-RAMACHANDRA VARUN , sood Gaurav
Published: November 2024

What are the consequences of gender quotas on women's descriptive and substantive representation? Using a novel dataset of over 20,000 rural local governance bodies spanning 20 years, we find that randomly implemented gender quotas for women do not substantially increase the chances of women winning elections to the same seat once the seat is unreserved. Troublingly, even fifteen years of exposure to local women leaders has limited effects. We probe the reasons for this finding using an original phone survey. When we try to reach elected representatives in reserved seats using their official numbers, male relatives frequently intercept the call, suggesting ``gatekeeping.'' Data suggest that in poor, rural areas, quotas may fail to transform who is de facto in power. In all, unlike more hopeful findings from urban areas, our findings suggest that quotas mechanically improve the representation of women but do not create conditions for women to be in power after the quotas are withdrawn.
Intrinsic Factors Associated with Engagement in Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors for Dementia Risk Reduction in Midlife
Authors: Simone Stephanie , Drabick Deborah , Giovannetti Tania
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION: Intrinsic motivation is critical for dementia prevention but remains poorly understood. METHODS: A total of 347 middle-aged adults completed questionnaires on intrinsic factors for dementia prevention, demographics, dementia risk, and healthy lifestyle behaviors. Latent profile analysis (LPA) grouped participants with similar intrinsic patterns. Subgroup differences in demographics, extrinsic factors, and healthy behaviors were examined. RESULTS: LPA identified four profiles: Profile 1 had low motivation, the lowest dementia risk, best sleep quality, and least loneliness; Profile 2 had high motivation, poor dementia knowledge, highest income, greater dementia risk, highest cognitive activity, and greatest loneliness; Profile 3 had moderate motivation, more caregiving experience, and moderate engagement in all healthy behaviors; Profile 4 had low motivation, lower incomes, worst health, and lowest engagement in all healthy behaviors. DISCUSSION: Subgroups of middle-aged adults with distinct motivation patterns differed in demographic/extrinsic factors and healthy behaviors. Results identified candidates for dementia prevention and intervention strategies.
Action subsampling supports policy compression in large action spaces
Authors: Liu Shuze , Gershman Samuel J.
Published: November 2024

Real-world decision-making often involves navigating large action spaces with state-dependent action values, taxing the limited cognitive resources at our disposal. While previous studies have explored cognitive constraints on generating action consideration sets or refining state-action mappings (policy complexity), their interplay remains underexplored. In this work, we present a resource-rational framework for policy compression that integrates both constraints, offering a unified perspective on decision-making under cognitive limitations. Through simulations, we characterize the suboptimality arising from reduced action consideration sets and reveal the complex interaction between policy complexity and action consideration set size in mitigating this suboptimality. We then use such normative insight to explain empirically observed phenomena in option generation, including the preferential sampling of generally valuable options and increased correlation in responses across contexts under cognitive load. We further validate the framework's predictions through a contextual multi-armed bandit experiment, showing how humans flexibly adapt their action consideration sets and policy complexity to maintain near-optimality in a task-dependent manner. Our study demonstrates the importance of accounting for fine-grained resource constraints in understanding human cognition, and highlights the presence of adaptive metacognitive strategies even in simple tasks.
AI-Enabled Conversational Agent Improves Treatment Outcomes and Patient Engagement in 1:1 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): A Real-World Observational Study
Authors: Habicht Johanna , McFadyen Jessica , Harper Ross , Hauser Tobias U , Rollwage Max
Published: November 2024

The importance of supporting mental well-being is increasingly critical, but patient engagement in psychological talking therapy remains a challenge. To address this, we developed an AI-enabled therapy support tool designed to offer therapeutic support during mental health treatment. Here, we conducted a real-world, observational study to test the effectiveness of the tool in improving patient engagement and clinical outcomes. The tool was piloted with patients undergoing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) treatment in the National Health Service (NHS) Talking Therapies services in the United Kingdom. We find that patients who used the tool achieved significantly better treatment outcomes, demonstrated by higher rates of reliable improvement (94.3% vs. 69.8% in the control group) and reliable recovery (71.4% vs. 50.7% in the control group). Interestingly, the results also indicated that the AI tool was associated with faster recovery, i.e. fewer therapy sessions were required to achieve recovery. These results suggest that the use of AI-enabled therapy support tools in talking therapy could lead to increased patient engagement, better treatment outcomes and reduced cost of service delivery. This study illustrates the potential of AI tools to improve efficacy and efficiency of psychological talking therapies.
Divergent Moral Preferences of AI Builders versus AI Users
Authors: Purcell Zoe Alexandra , Charbit Laura , Borst Grégoire , Nussberger Anne-Marie
Published: November 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are prone to influence by the idiosyncratic demographics and preference profiles of their developers at various stages of their lifecycle. This influence may manifest in AI systems' outputs across critical areas such as healthcare, finance, and law enforcement, potentially exacerbating socio-economic inequalities and perpetuating discrimination. Our contribution empirically explores the connection between AI-builders’ demographics and their moral and diversity preferences, and their contrast with AI-users’ profiles. Using a pseudo-experimental, cross-sectional study that approximates populations of AI-builders and -users (N = 914), both current (N-adults = 519; over 20 years) and projected (N-students = 395; 16-18 years), we observe persistent gender disparities in AI engagement that translate into different moral preferences among AI-builders and AI-users. We discuss the implications of the observed idiosyncrasies in the AI workforce, emphasizing the need for renewed efforts to address these disparities and highlighting the potential impact of homogenous, hegemonic machine morals for moral cognition.
Self-efficacy and academic performance in higher education: a case study
Authors: Figueiredo Elisa , Fonseca Cecília , Paiva Teresa
Published: November 2024

Introduction: There is a large body of research showing that self-efficacy is a crucial predictor of student achievement.  Based on this framework, this study aims to investigate the correlation between students' general self-efficacy (GSE) and Social self-efficacy (SSE) and academic performance, as well as the relationship between GSE and SSE with age and gender.
Methodology: Our approach was quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional. The target population was all students enrolled during the academic year 21/22 at a Portuguese higher education institution. Results: The results indicate that students with a high level of GSE perform better than those with lower GSE and the level of GSE depends on age and gender. Although, no correlation was identified for SSE and student performance. Discussion: From the results it was possible to corroborate the following study hypothesis: students with a high level of GSE perform better than those with lower GSE, the level of GSE and SSE depends on age and gender. Although the hypothesis set students with a high level of SSE perform better than those with lower SSE was not supported. Conclusions: This investigation could support strategies to promote self-efficacy in students with the aim of improving their academic performance.
Soledad Bengoechea Gutiérrez (1849-1893): un análisis hemerográfico de su trayectoria musical
Authors: Navarro Lalanda Sara
Published: November 2024

Introducción: El presente estudio examina el papel de la pianista y compositora Soledad Bengoechea Gutiérrez en los círculos musicales madrileños a través del análisis de fuentes hemerográficas contemporáneas. Metodología:  Se emplea una metodología cualitativa respaldada por el software Nvivo basada en la Teoría Fundamentada. La investigación se sustenta en una revisión crítica de registros hemerográficos que abarcan desde el nacimiento de Bengoechea en 1849 hasta el año 1915, profundizando en su rol como solista y acompañante y en su legado como compositora en términos de instrumentación, difusión y recepción. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que Bengoechea desempeñó un papel significativo en la escena musical de su tiempo. Discusión: Su participación y reconocimiento como pianista y compositora fueron avalados tanto por las crónicas de los periódicos como por las instituciones que difundieron su obra. Conclusiones: Este estudio contribuye significativamente a llenar un vacío en la investigación musicológica, destacando el papel de Bengoechea como pianista y compositora en el siglo XIX. Al mismo tiempo, este análisis crítico no solo profundiza nuestra comprensión de Bengoechea, sino que también amplía el conocimiento sobre los círculos de difusión de la música en el siglo XIX español.
THE ROLE OF HYDRAULIC RECLAMATION IN NATURAL ZONES OF SARATOV REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors:   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N. I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russian Federation, Demakina Irina I. , Pronko Nina A. ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N. I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russian Federation, Fisenko Boris V. ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N. I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russian Federation, Korsak Viktor V. ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N. I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russian Federation, Pankova Tatyana A. ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N. I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russian Federation
Published: November 2024

Purpose: to study changes in climatic characteristics of Saratov region territory that determine moisture supply for agricultural crops and the need to intensify hydraulic reclamation.
Materials and methods. For retrospective statistical analysis, data from 12 baseline weather stations located in the forest-steppe, arid chernozem steppe, dry steppe and semi-desert – in all natural zones of Saratov region, for observation periods since the end of the 20th century and the first two decades of the 21st century.
Results. The presence of pronounced growth trends in the main indicators of climate aridity were revealed. These include: a decrease in the average annual precipitation, especially noticeable for the dry steppe and semi-desert zones of Saratov region; an increase in the average annual air temperature by 1 °C and in the air temperature of the warm period of the year (April – October) by 0.8 °C; a decrease in the moisture supply of the studied area both by the moisture coefficient and by the hydrothermal coefficient; an increase of the territories with a hydrothermal coefficient of less than 0.5.
Conclusion: the ongoing climate changes affect agriculture in all regions of Russia, including Saratov region, located in the zone of insufficient moisture, where, despite the spring provisions of productive moisture on fallow land; in the soil layer from 0 to 100 cm by 4.5–30.6 %, according to weather stations in this region, there was an increase in the moisture supply deficit of agricultural crops with a shift in the boundaries of territories in which guaranteed yields are possible only under hydraulic reclamation.
RECLAMATION POTENTIAL OF GREEN SPACES IN NOVOCHERKASSK, ROSTOV REGION
Authors:   Novocherkassk Engineering and Land Reclamation Institute – branch of the Don State Agrarian University, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Malysheva Zinaida G. , Ryabova Daria V. ,   Novocherkassk Engineering and Land Reclamation Institute – branch of the Don State Agrarian University, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Tsvetkova Maria S. ,   Novocherkassk Engineering and Land Reclamation Institute – branch of the Don State Agrarian University, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation
Published: November 2024

Purpose: to assess the reclamation potential of green spaces in Novocherkassk, Rostov region.
Materials and methods. Heavy metals gross forms content determination: zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) – and their total value in the leaf mass of woody plants: horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata), Norway maple (Acer platanoides), green ash (Fraxinus excelsior), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), Canadian poplar (Populus canadensis), growing on the territory of typical objects of park landscapes located in different parts of the city with increased technogenic load, was carried out using the method of plasma atomic absorption spectrometry (AA-method).
Results. The obtained data allowed us to determine the total accumulation index of heavy metals by adding these elements together, expressed in milligrams per kilogram. The highest amount of Zn (69.01 mg/kg) is contained in the leaves of the Canadian poplar in the park of the Donskoy microdistrict, Pb (2.87 mg/kg) and Cd (0.128 mg/kg) are found in the horse chestnut in the park on Troitskaya Square. Based on the obtained data, diagrams for the content of each metal in the woody plant species accepted for the study and the total accumulation index at all study sites were constructed.
Conclusions: the analyses performed to assess the metal-accumulating capacity allowed to identify woody plant species whose phytomass, under conditions of significant technogenic load, extracts heavy metals from the biogeochemical cycle to the maximum, and they can be recommended for cultivation in urbanized areas of the steppe zone in the North Caucasus.