bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of RNA-seq to identify cardiac genes and gene pathways differentially expressed between dogs with and without dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Friedenberg Steven G. , Chdid Lhoucine , Keene Bruce , Sherry Barbara , Motsinger-Reif Alison , Meurs Kathryn M.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE To identify cardiac tissue genes and gene pathways differentially expressed between dogs with and without dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

ANIMALS 8 dogs with and 5 dogs without DCM.

PROCEDURES Following euthanasia, samples of left ventricular myocardium were collected from each dog. Total RNA was extracted from tissue samples, and RNA sequencing was performed on each sample. Samples from dogs with and without DCM were grouped to identify genes that were differentially regulated between the 2 populations. Overrepresentation analysis was performed on upregulated and downregulated gene sets to identify altered molecular pathways in dogs with DCM.

RESULTS Genes involved in cellular energy metabolism, especially metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, were significantly downregulated in dogs with DCM. Expression of cardiac structural proteins was also altered in affected dogs.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that RNA sequencing may provide important insights into the pathogenesis of DCM in dogs and highlight pathways that should be explored to identify causative mutations and develop novel therapeutic interventions.
Effects of withholding feed on thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test results and effects of combined testing on oral sugar test and thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test results in horses
Authors: Restifo Melissa M. , Frank Nicholas , Hermida Pilar , Sanchez-Londoño Alfredo
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE To assess effects of withholding feed on thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test results used in diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses and determine effects of combined testing on results of the TRH stimulation test and the oral sugar test (OST) used in diagnosis of equine metabolic syndrome.

ANIMALS 30 adult horses.

PROCEDURES All horses underwent TRH stimulation tests under fed and nonfed conditions, an OST alone, and an OST combined with TRH stimulation testing. For TRH stimulation tests, plasma ACTH concentrations were measured before (baseline) and 10 minutes after (poststimulation) IV TRH administration. For the OST, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured before (baseline) and 60 and 90 minutes after oral corn syrup administration. For combined testing, the TRH stimulation test was initiated immediately after 60-minute posttreatment sample collection for the OST. Results were compared among methods by Wilcoxon matched-pairs, signed rank tests, paired t tests, and Bland-Altman analysis.

RESULTS Feeding conditions did not affect median ACTH concentrations when TRH stimulation tests were performed alone. Median baseline ACTH concentration did not differ between TRH stimulation tests performed alone (under fed or nonfed conditions) and those combined with OSTs. Median poststimulation ACTH concentration was significantly lower for combined tests than for solitary TRH stimulation tests. Mean 60-minute plasma glucose concentration was significantly lower for solitary OSTs than for combined tests, but this difference could not be attributed to TRH administration.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Combined testing in the manner described impacted ACTH concentrations during TRH stimulation tests and is not recommended at this time.
Environment, Power, Development in Global South: Revolutions, Blue & Green
Authors: Hall Thomas D.
Published: June 2016

Islam, Md. Saidul. 2013. Development, Power, and the Environment: Neoliberal Paradox in the Age of Vulnerability. New York: Routledge.

Islam, Md. Saidul. 2014. Confronting the Blue Revolution: Industrial Aquaculture and Sustainability in the Global South. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Measuring wealth and wealth inequality: Comparing two U.S. surveys
Authors: Pfeffer Fabian T. , Schoeni Robert F. , Kennickell Arthur , Andreski Patricia
Published: June 2016

Household wealth and its distribution are topics of broad public debate and increasing scholarly interest. We compare the relative strength of two of the main data sources used in research on the wealth holdings of U.S. households, the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), by providing a description and explanation of differences in the level and distribution of wealth captured in these two surveys. We identify the factors that account for differences in average net worth but also show that estimates of net worth are similar throughout most of the distribution. Median net worth in the SCF is 6% higher than in the PSID and the largest differences between the two surveys are concentrated in the 1-2 percent wealthiest households, leading to a different view of wealth concentration at the very top but similar results for wealth inequality across most of the distribution.
New insights on the impact of coefficient instability on ratio-correlation population estimates
Authors: Tayman Jeff , Swanson David A.
Published: June 2016

In this study we examine the regression-based ratio-correlation method and suggest some new tools for assessing the magnitude and impact of coefficient instability on population estimation errors. We use a robust sample of 904 counties from 11 states and find that: (1) coefficient instability is not a universal source of error in regression models for population estimation and its impact is less than commonly assumed; (2) coefficient instability is not related to bias, but it does decrease precision and increase the allocation error of population estimates; and (3) unstable coefficients have the greatest impact on counties under 20,000 in population size. Our findings suggest that information about the conditions that affect coefficient instability and its impact on estimation error might lead to more targeted and efficient approaches for improving population estimates developed from regression models.
Consumption inequality in the Great Recession
Authors: Lee Hyojung , Painter Gary D.
Published: June 2016

While the majority of inequality research focuses on income metrics to measure changes in inequality, a growing number of scholars argue that consumption is a better metric for measuring disparities in an individual's contemporaneous well-being. This study adds to a growing literature on consumption inequality by testing how consumption inequality varies across consumption categories and changes overtime. We find that overall consumption inequality declined since the mid-2000s before a recent uptick, which can be mostly explained by decreasing gaps in transportation expenditures on vehicle purchases. At the same time, the recent decline in overall consumption inequality disguises growing inequalities in health and education expenditures (human capital investments). The rising inequality in human capital investments is of particular concern as it can predict future increases in inequality.
The concentration of health care expenditures in the U.S. and predictions of future spending
Authors: Cohen Steven B.
Published: June 2016

Estimates of health care expenses for the U.S. population are critical to policymakers and others concerned with access to medical care and the cost and sources of payment for that care. Medical care expenses, however, are highly concentrated among a relatively small proportion of individuals in the community population. Using information from the Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey(MEPS-HC), this study provides detailed estimates of the concentration and persistence in the level of health care expenditures in the United States. Attention is given to identifying the characteristics of individuals with the highest levels of medical expenditures, in addition to those factors that are associated with low medical expense profiles. Analyses are included to discern the most salient factors that serve to predict the likelihood of experiencing high levels of medical expenditures in a subsequent year, in addition to the factors operational in predictions of experiencing low levels of medical expenditures in a subsequent year.
Hypertension Guidelines (NICE-BIHS Guideline - 2011, ESH/ESC Guideline - 2013, JNC Guideline - 2014)
Authors: Editor The
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableBirdem Med J 2015; 5(1) Supplement: 1-11
A Comparative Study Between Laparoscopic Versus Open Incisional Hernia Repair
Authors: Alam Md Noor A , Talukder Md Rajibul Haque , Iqbal Md Roushan , Anwar Raihan , Chowdhury Humayun Kabir
Published: June 2016

Aims: This study aims to compare between laparoscopic and open incisional hernia repair.Methods and Materials: The study was conducted in different tertiary hospitals of Dhaka between January 2011 to December 2012 and in 96 patients with incisional hernia. Among them, 68 patients underwent open repair and 28 underwent laparoscopic repair. Both procedures usually consisted of applying a synthetic mesh overlapping the defect. They were followed up for one year to observe the clinical outcome.Results: Mean operative time was shorter in laparoscopic group in comparison to open procedure and mean post operative hospital stay was less than 3 days in laparoscopic group and above 7 days in open group. In the laparoscopic group return to normal activities/work after surgery was less than 2 weeks but after open procedure it was more than 3 weeks. Analgesics requirement was also lower in the laparoscopic group. Post operative complications were observed in 33.82% (23) patients in open hernioplasty group and in 7.14% (2) patients in laparoscopic group which showed significant difference (p<0.05). There was no recurrence in the laparoscopic group during one year follow-up.Conclusion: Data suggest laparoscopic repair is superior to open repair because of less complications, relapses and short hospital stay but long term follow up is required.Birdem Med J 2015; 5(1) Supplement: 29-33
Hepatic Adenoma - A Case Report
Authors: Bhuiyan Tareq M , Datta Indrajit Kumar , Kabir Md Mohsin , Haque Md Nazmul , Azam Md Golam , Mamoon Md Abdullah Al
Published: June 2016

We report the case of a 32-year-old female who presented to us with incidental findings of a space occupying lesion (SOL) in liver on abdominal ultrasound (USG). She was taking oral contraceptive pill for last 9 years. Clinical examination was unremarkable and liver investigation revealed mildly raised Serum alanine aminotrasferase (ALT). Dyslipidemia was also present. Computed tomography (CT) identified a 2.5 cm lesion in the right lobe of liver at posterior aspect which was isodense. Alpha-feto protein was normal. CT guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) showed adequate cellular material containing organized reactive hepatocytes in the background of blood. No granuloma or malignant cell was seen. Findings were suggestive of hepatic adenoma.Birdem Med J 2015; 5(1) Supplement: 59-62
BIRDEM News Vol.5
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableBirdem Med J 2015; 5(1) Supplement: 66-69
Suicidal ideation in relation to depression, loneliness and hopelessness among university students
Authors: Pervin Mst Maleka , Ferdowshi Nafiza
Published: June 2016

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between suicidal ideation and depression, loneliness, hopelessness among University students. Study sample is comprised of 112 University students (51 males and 61 females) drawn by using purposive sampling technique. Standard questionnaires were used to obtain the data from the participants in a cross?sectional survey. The obtained data were analyzed by using Pearson product moment correlation and stepwise multiple regression. Results showed that suicidal ideation was positively correlated with depression, loneliness and hopelessness. Stepwise multiple regression analysis further reveals that depression, loneliness and hopelessness significantly predict suicidal ideation among university students. Study limitations and implications are also discussed.Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 25(1): 57-64, 2016
Studies of Bioactivities of Adansonia digitata (L.)
Authors: Tahia Faiza , Majumder Priyanka , Sikder Md Al Amin , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: June 2016

The methanol extracts of leaves and barks of Adansonia digitata (L.) and their organic and aqueous soluble partitioning materials were evaluated for antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antimicrobial, analgesic, and antidiarrhoel activities. In the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the aqueous soluble materials of bark and leaves of A. digitata displayed the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 2.21 ?g/ml and 7.70 ?g/ml, respectively while the crude extract of leaves and its pet ether soluble fraction showed significant lethality to brine shrimps having LC50 value of 6.99 and 0.284 ?g/ml, respectively as compared to standard vincristine sulphate (LC50 value of 0.44 ?g/ml). During assay for thrombolytic activity of human blood clot, the carbon tetrachloride soluble partitionate of leaves of A. digitata revealed 48.11% clot lysis. In the membrane stabilizing assay, the carbon tetrachloride- and aqueous-soluble fractions of methanol extract of leaves inhibited 61.52 % and 16.03 % hypotonic solution- and heat-induced haemolysis of RBCs, respectively. The methanolic extracts of leaves and barks of A. digitata revealed significant central and peripheral analgesic activity at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. The crude extract of leaves of A. digitata also displayed significant antidiarrhoel but mild antibacterial activities.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(2): 157-162, 2015 (December)
Interaction of Duloxetine Hydrochloride with Deoxyribonucleic Acid Measured by Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Joly Raznin Akter , Islam Md Reazul , Sultana Sonia , Rahman Asma , Sultan Md Zakir , Islam Mohammad Safiqul , Islam Md Saiful , Hasnat Abul
Published: June 2016

Interactions with many clinically active therapeutic agents with DNA are well studied and it is necessary to decipher the structure of DNA and to investigate the pathological implications of those molecules in living organism. This study investigated the interaction of antidepressant drug Duloxetine-hydrochloride (DLX) with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA). The interaction of DLX with ct-DNA was studied employing fluorescence spectroscopy. Hypochromic effect was found in the absorption spectra of duloxetine, and its wavelength had no shift in the presence of DNA indicating external binding mode of duloxetine to DNA. Fluorescence spectroscopic results showed the quenching of fluorescence intensity of DLX in presence of DNA indicating the interaction between DLX and DNA. Hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding played the dominating role in DLX-DNA binding and binding forces also indicate the binding site of duloxetine to be at the minor groove of DNA.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(2): 199-206, 2015 (December)
In vitro Evaluation of 2-/3-Alkoxyphenylcarbamic Acid Esters Containing N-Arylpiperazine Moiety Against Some Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Malik Ivan , Zadrazilova Iveta , Jampilek Josef
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableDhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(2): 231-234, 2015 (December)
Measuring Threshold Potentials of Neuron Cells Using Hodgkin-Huxley Model by Applying Different Types of Input Signals
Authors: Islam Molla Manjurul , Islam Naimul
Published: June 2016

The Hodgkin-Huxley model is the first successful mathematical model for explaining the initiation and propagation of an action potential in a neuron cell. In this paper we reinvestigated the Hodgkin-Huxley model through computer simulation and determined the threshold potentials by applying different types of stimulating input signals. To implement the work, a computer programme of the Hodgkin-Huxley model was written in MATLAB programming language. The action potentials of neuron cells were checked and the threshold potentials of the neuron cell for specific types of stimulating input signals were tabulated with an aim to utilize these values to do experiment on neuron cell in future.Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 64(1): 15-20, 2016 (January)
Structure Elucidation of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Cauliflower
Authors: Nahar Nilufar , Habib AKM Ahsan , Rahman SM Mizanur , Chowdhury Tofail Ahmed
Published: June 2016

Arabinogalactan and rhamnogalactglucuronan were isolated from soluble dietary fiber (SDF) of cauliflower. The isolated SDF was fractioned into neutral and acidic parts by ion-exchange column chromatography using DEAESepharose Cl-6B gel. Structure elucidation of the isolated SDF polysaccharides were determined sugar analysis, 1HNMR, H-H COSY and TOCSY spectroscopic studies. Neutral fraction of cauliflower was found to be composed of galactose, arabinose and rhamnose whereas the acidic part was found to contain rhamnose, galactose, galacturonic and glucuronic acids. The main chain of the neutral fraction was found to be a 1,4-?-galactan where terminal rhamnose and arabinose residues were attached to the main chain at the 3-position of by ?-linkage.The main chain of the acidic fraction was composed of 1,4-b-linked galacturonic acid and 1,2-b-linked rhamnopyranose residues. ?- Glucuronic acid and ?-galactose were attached to the main chain of galacturonic acid at its 3-position.Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 64(1): 83-88, 2016 (January)
Lysyl Oxidase Gene G473A Polymorphism and Cigarette Smoking in Association with a High Risk of Lung and Colorectal Cancers in a North Chinese Population
Authors: Wang Guoli , Shen Yanqing , Cheng Guang , Bo Haimei , Lin Jia , Zheng Maogen , Li Jianmin , Zhao Yinzhi , Li Wande
Published: June 2016

The relationship among the lysyl oxidase (LOX) G473A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), cigarette smoking and lung, colorectal, colon and rectum cancer susceptibility was studied in 200 cases of lung cancer, 335 cases of colorectal cancer including 130 cases of colon cancer and 205 cases of rectum cancer, and 335 healthy people in Tangshan, China. Peripheral blood DNA samples were collected, DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) performed, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. In comparison to LOX473GG genotype carriers, individuals with LOX473AA exhibited a higher susceptibility to lung, colon-rectum, colon, and rectum cancers with OR values amounting to 3.84-, 2.74-, 2.75-, and 2.74-fold of the control, respectively. In the LOX 473AA-positive population, females were more susceptible than males to carcinogenesis with OR values (female vs. male): 5.25 vs. 3.23, 2.29 vs. 1.51, 2.27 vs. 1.45, and 2.25 vs. 1.53, respectively, for lung, colon-rectum combined, colon, and rectum cancers. LOX G473A polymorphism apparently elevated human sensitivity to cigarette smoking carcinogens for eliciting cancers in the lung and colon only. Thus, LOX G473A polymorphism positively correlates with carcinogenesis and it may be used as an ideal intrinsic biomarker for prediction or diagnosis of carcinogenesis in humans.
Modelling of ‘sub-atomic’ contrast resulting from back-bonding on Si(111)-7×7
Authors: Sweetman Adam , Jarvis Samuel P , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: June 2016

It has recently been shown that ‘sub-atomic’ contrast can be observed during NC-AFM imaging of the Si(111)-7×7 substrate with a passivated tip, resulting in triangular shaped atoms [Sweetman et al. Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 2265]. The symmetry of the features, and the well-established nature of the dangling bond structure of the silicon adatom means that in this instance the contrast cannot arise from the orbital structure of the atoms, and it was suggested by simple symmetry arguments that the contrast could only arise from the backbonding symmetry of the surface adatoms. However, no modelling of the system has been performed in order to understand the precise origin of the contrast. In this paper we provide a detailed explanation for ‘sub-atomic’ contrast observed on Si(111)-7×7 using a simple model based on Lennard-Jones potentials, coupled with a flexible tip, as proposed by Hapala et al. [Phys. Rev. B 2014, 90, 085421] in the context of interpreting sub-molecular contrast. Our results show a striking similarity to experimental results, and demonstrate how ‘sub-atomic’ contrast can arise from a flexible tip exploring an asymmetric potential created due to the positioning of the surrounding surface atoms.
Dutch Reduction Domains: Between Syllables and Feet
Authors: Nazarov Aleksei
Published: June 2016

[Abstract not available]
Learning bias in stress windows: Frequency and attestation
Authors: Staubs Robert
Published: June 2016

[Abstract not available]
Perception of Tone by Native Mandarin Chinese Listeners: Optimal Auditory Perception
Authors: Hung Andrew C.-J. , Chung Rong-fu
Published: June 2016

Previous studies have found the perception of lexical tones associated with task types, acoustic/phonetic aspects of the tones, and language experience. But seldom has the interaction of these factors been studied. To fill the void, the present study, with an empirical experiment of 2x2x2 factorial design, investigated the perception of Mandarin tones by native listeners of Mandarin Chinese, who discriminated between pair-wise tone inputs from the right ear. The pair-wise stimuli consisted of familiar tonal contrasts versus unfamiliar contrasts. The stimuli were presented in speech sounds (i.e., real tones) versus in non-speech sounds (sinewave tones). The subjects were required to judge whether pair-wise tone tokens fitted into the same tone category (category discrimination) versus whether they were exactly identical (auditory discrimination). The study revealed that the perception of Mandarin tones is influenced significantly by task types and familiarity with the F0 contours. However, the effect of phonetics varies depending on the interaction of task types and familiarity with the F0 contours. The subjects performed better in nonspeech context than in speech context on two conditions: (1) in the category discrimination between familiar tonal contrasts, and (2) in the auditory (non-categorical) discrimination between unfamiliar tonal contrasts.
MaxElide and the Re-binding Problem
Authors: Takahashi & Fox Shoichi & Danny
Published: June 2016

n/a
AN EXTENSIVE NUMERICAL SURVEY OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN OUTFLOW DYNAMICS AND ACCRETION DISK MAGNETIZATION
Authors: Stepanovs Deniss , Fendt Christian
Published: June 2016

We investigate the accretion–ejection process of jets from magnetized accretion disks. We apply a novel approach to the jet-launching problem in order to obtain correlations between the physical properties of the jet and the underlying disk. We extend and confirm the previous works of Tzeferacos et al. and Murphy et al. by scanning a large parameter range for the disk magnetization,

. We disentangle the disk magnetization at the foot point of the outflow as the main parameter that governs the properties of the outflow. We show how the four jet integrals known from steady-state MHD are correlated to the disk magnetization at the jet foot point. This agrees with the usual findings of the steady-state theory, however, here we obtain these correlations from time-dependent simulations that include the dynamical evolution of the disk in the treatment. In particular, we obtain robust correlations between the local disk magnetization and (i) the outflow velocity, (ii) the jet mass loading, (iii) the jet angular momentum, and (iv) the local mass accretion rate. Essentially, we find that strongly magnetized disks launch more energetic and faster jets and, due to a larger Alfvén lever arm, these jets extract more angular momentum from the underlying disk. These kinds of disk–jet systems have, however, a smaller mass loading parameter and a lower mass ejection–accretion ratio. The jets are launched at the disk surface where the magnetization is

. The magnetization rapidly increases vertically providing the energy reservoir for subsequent jet acceleration. We find indications of a critical disk magnetization

that separates the regimes of magneto-centrifugally driven and magnetic pressure-driven jets.
A JOINT CHANDRA AND SWIFT VIEW OF THE 2015 X-RAY DUST-SCATTERING ECHO OF V404 CYGNI
Authors: Heinz S. , Corrales L. , Smith R. , Brandt W. N. , Jonker P. G. , Plotkin R. M. , Neilsen J.
Published: June 2016

We present a combined analysis of the Chandra and Swift observations of the 2015 X-ray echo of V404 Cygni. Using a stacking analysis, we identify eight separate rings in the echo. We reconstruct the soft X-ray light curve of the 2015 June outburst using the high-resolution Chandra images and cross-correlations of the radial intensity profiles, indicating that about 70% of the outburst fluence occurred during the bright flare at the end of the outburst on MJD 57199.8. By deconvolving the intensity profiles with the reconstructed outburst light curve, we show that the rings correspond to eight separate dust concentrations with precise distance determinations. We further show that the column density of the clouds varies significantly across the field of view, with the centroid of most of the clouds shifted toward the Galactic plane, relative to the position of V404 Cyg, invalidating the assumption of uniform cloud column typically made in attempts to constrain dust properties from light echoes. We present a new XSPEC spectral dust-scattering model that calculates the differential dust-scattering cross section for a range of commonly used dust distributions and compositions and use it to jointly fit the entire set of Swift echo data. We find that a standard Mathis–Rumpl–Nordsieck model provides an adequate fit to the ensemble of echo data. The fit is improved by allowing steeper dust distributions, and models with simple silicate and graphite grains are preferred over models with more complex composition.
PROBABILISTIC MASS–RADIUS RELATIONSHIP FOR SUB-NEPTUNE-SIZED PLANETS
Authors: Wolfgang Angie , Rogers Leslie A. , Ford Eric B.
Published: June 2016

The Kepler Mission has discovered thousands of planets with radii <4

, paving the way for the first statistical studies of the dynamics, formation, and evolution of these sub-Neptunes and super-Earths. Planetary masses are an important physical property for these studies, and yet the vast majority of Kepler planet candidates do not have theirs measured. A key concern is therefore how to map the measured radii to mass estimates in this Earth-to-Neptune size range where there are no Solar System analogs. Previous works have derived deterministic, one-to-one relationships between radius and mass. However, if these planets span a range of compositions as expected, then an intrinsic scatter about this relationship must exist in the population. Here we present the first probabilistic mass–radius relationship (M–R relation) evaluated within a Bayesian framework, which both quantifies this intrinsic dispersion and the uncertainties on the M–R relation parameters. We analyze how the results depend on the radius range of the sample, and on how the masses were measured. Assuming that the M–R relation can be described as a power law with a dispersion that is constant and normally distributed, we find that

, a scatter in mass of

, and a mass constraint to physically plausible densities, is the “best-fit” probabilistic M–R relation for the sample of RV-measured transiting sub-Neptunes (R
pl < 4

). More broadly, this work provides a framework for further analyses of the M–R relation and its probable dependencies on period and stellar properties.
LOW SURFACE BRIGHTNESS IMAGING OF THE MAGELLANIC SYSTEM: IMPRINTS OF TIDAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE CLOUDS IN THE STELLAR PERIPHERY
Authors: Besla Gurtina , Martínez-Delgado David , van der Marel Roeland P. , Beletsky Yuri , Seibert Mark , Schlafly Edward F. , Grebel Eva K. , Neyer Fabian
Published: June 2016

We present deep optical images of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC) using a low cost telephoto lens with a wide field of view to explore stellar substructure in the outskirts of the stellar disk of the LMC (<10° from the LMC center). These data have higher resolution than existing star count maps, and highlight the existence of stellar arcs and multiple spiral arms in the northern periphery, with no comparable counterparts in the south. We compare these data to detailed simulations of the LMC disk outskirts, following interactions with its low mass companion, the SMC. We consider interaction in isolation and with the inclusion of the Milky Way tidal field. The simulations are used to assess the origin of the northern structures, including also the low density stellar arc recently identified in the Dark Energy Survey data by Mackey et al. at ∼15°. We conclude that repeated close interactions with the SMC are primarily responsible for the asymmetric stellar structures seen in the periphery of the LMC. The orientation and density of these arcs can be used to constrain the LMC’s interaction history with and impact parameter of the SMC. More generally, we find that such asymmetric structures should be ubiquitous about pairs of dwarfs and can persist for 1–2 Gyr even after the secondary merges entirely with the primary. As such, the lack of a companion around a Magellanic Irregular does not disprove the hypothesis that their asymmetric structures are driven by dwarf–dwarf interactions.
THE RADIATION HYDRODYNAMICS OF RELATIVISTIC SHEAR FLOWS
Authors: Coughlin Eric R. , Begelman Mitchell C.
Published: June 2016

We present a method for analyzing the interaction between radiation and matter in regions of intense, relativistic shear that can arise in many astrophysical situations. We show that there is a simple velocity profile that should be manifested in regions of large shear that have “lost memory” of their boundary conditions, and we use this self-similar velocity profile to construct the surface of last scattering, or the

surface, as viewed from any comoving point within the flow. We demonstrate that a simple treatment of scattering from this

surface exactly conserves photon number, and we derive the rate at which the radiation field is heated due to the shear present in the flow. The components of the comoving radiation energy–momentum tensor are calculated, and we show that they have relatively simple, approximate forms that interpolate between the viscous (small shear) and streaming (large shear) limits. We put our expression for the energy–momentum tensor in a covariant form that does not depend on the explicit velocity profile within the fluid and, therefore, represents a natural means for analyzing general, radiation-dominated, relativistic shear flows.
THE C–H STRETCHING FEATURES AT 3.2–3.5 μm OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS WITH ALIPHATIC SIDEGROUPS
Authors: Yang X. J. , Li Aigen , Glaser R. , Zhong J. X.
Published: June 2016

The so-called “unidentified” infrared emission (UIE) features at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.3 μm are ubiquitously seen in a wide variety of astrophysical regions. The UIE features are characteristic of the stretching and bending vibrations of aromatic hydrocarbon materials, e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. The 3.3 μm aromatic C–H stretching feature is often accompanied by a weaker feature at 3.4 μm. The latter is generally thought to result from the C–H stretch of aliphatic groups attached to the aromatic systems. The ratio of the observed intensity of the 3.3 μm aromatic C–H feature to that of the 3.4 μm aliphatic C–H feature allows one to estimate the aliphatic fraction of the UIE carriers, provided that the intrinsic oscillator strengths of the 3.3 μm aromatic C–H stretch (

) and the 3.4 μm aliphatic C–H stretch (

) are known. While previous studies on the aliphatic fraction of the UIE carriers were mostly based on the

ratios derived from the mono-methyl derivatives of small PAH molecules, in this work we employ density functional theory to compute the infrared vibrational spectra of PAH molecules with a wide range of sidegroups including ethyl, propyl, butyl, and several unsaturated alkyl chains, as well as all the isomers of dimethyl-substituted pyrene. We find that, except for PAHs with unsaturated alkyl chains, the corresponding

ratios are close to that of mono-methyl PAHs. This confirms the predominantly aromatic nature of the UIE carriers previously inferred from the

ratio derived from mono-methyl PAHs.
TOWARD A TOMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE CROSS-CORRELATION BETWEEN PLANCK CMB LENSING AND H-ATLAS GALAXIES
Authors: Bianchini F. , Lapi A. , Calabrese M. , Bielewicz P. , Gonzalez-Nuevo J. , Baccigalupi C. , Danese L. , Zotti G. de , Bourne N. , Cooray A. , Dunne L. , Eales S. , Valiante E.
Published: June 2016

We present an improved and extended analysis of the cross-correlation between the map of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing potential derived from the Planck mission data and the high-redshift galaxies detected by the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS) in the photometric redshift range

. We compare the results based on the 2013 and 2015 Planck datasets, and investigate the impact of different selections of the H-ATLAS galaxy samples. Significant improvements over our previous analysis have been achieved thanks to the higher signal-to-noise ratio of the new CMB lensing map recently released by the Planck collaboration. The effective galaxy bias parameter, b, for the full galaxy sample, derived from a joint analysis of the cross-power spectrum and of the galaxy auto-power spectrum is found to be

. Furthermore, a first tomographic analysis of the cross-correlation signal is implemented by splitting the galaxy sample into two redshift intervals:

and

. A statistically significant signal was found for both bins, indicating a substantial increase with redshift of the bias parameter:

for the lower and

for the higher redshift bin. Consistent with our previous analysis, we find that the amplitude of the cross-correlation signal is a factor of

higher than expected from the standard ΛCDM model for the assumed redshift distribution. The robustness of our results against possible systematic effects has been extensively discussed, although the tension is mitigated by passing from 4 to 3σ.
MULTI-SIGHTLINE OBSERVATION OF NARROW ABSORPTION LINES IN LENSED QUASAR SDSS J1029+2623*

†
Authors: Misawa Toru , Saez Cristian , Charlton Jane C. , Eracleous Michael , Chartas George , Bauer Franz E. , Inada Naohisa , Uchiyama Hisakazu
Published: June 2016

We exploit the widely separated images of the lensed quasar SDSS J1029+2623 (

= 2.197, θ = 22.″5) to observe its outflowing wind through two different sightlines. We present an analysis of three observations, including two with the Subaru telescope in 2010 February and 2014 April, separated by four years, and one with the Very Large Telescope, separated from the second Subaru observation by ∼2 months. We detect 66 narrow absorption lines (NALs), of which 24 are classified as intrinsic NALs that are physically associated with the quasar based on partial coverage analysis. The velocities of intrinsic NALs appear to cluster around values of

∼ 59,000, 43,000, and 29,000 km s−1, which is reminiscent of filamentary structures obtained by numerical simulations. There are no common intrinsic NALs at the same redshift along the two sightlines, implying that the transverse size of the NAL absorbers should be smaller than the sightline distance between two lensed images. In addition to the NALs with large ejection velocities of

> 1000 km s−1, we also detect broader proximity absorption lines (PALs) at

∼

. The PALs are likely to arise in outflowing gas at a distance of r ≤ 620 pc from the central black hole with an electron density of n
e ≥8.7 × 103 cm−3. These limits are based on the assumption that the variability of the lines is due to recombination. We discuss the implications of these results on the three-dimensional structure of the outflow.
DETECTION OF THE SPLASHBACK RADIUS AND HALO ASSEMBLY BIAS OF MASSIVE GALAXY CLUSTERS
Authors: More Surhud , Miyatake Hironao , Takada Masahiro , Diemer Benedikt , Kravtsov Andrey V. , Dalal Neal K. , More Anupreeta , Murata Ryoma , Mandelbaum Rachel , Rozo Eduardo , Rykoff Eli S. , Oguri Masamune , Spergel David N.
Published: June 2016

We show that the projected number density profiles of Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometric galaxies around galaxy clusters display strong evidence for the splashback radius, a sharp halo edge corresponding to the location of the first orbital apocenter of satellite galaxies after their infall. We split the clusters into two subsamples with different mean projected radial distances of their members,

, at fixed richness and redshift. The sample with smaller

has a smaller ratio of the splashback radius to the traditional halo boundary

than the subsample with larger

, indicative of different mass accretion rates for these subsamples. The same subsamples were recently used by Miyatake et al. to show that their large-scale clustering differs despite their similar weak lensing masses, demonstrating strong evidence for halo assembly bias. We expand on this result by presenting a 6.6σ difference in the clustering amplitudes of these samples using cluster–photometric galaxy cross-correlations. This measurement is a clear indication that halo clustering depends on parameters other than halo mass. If

is related to the mass assembly history of halos, the measurement is a manifestation of the halo assembly bias. However, our measured splashback radii are smaller, while the strength of the assembly bias signal is stronger, than the predictions of collisionless Λ cold dark matter simulations. We show that dynamical friction, cluster mis-centering, or projection effects are not likely to be the sole source of these discrepancies. However, further investigations regarding unknown catastrophic weak lensing or cluster identification systematics are warranted.
FAINT COSMOS AGNs AT z ∼ 3.3. I. BLACK HOLE PROPERTIES AND CONSTRAINTS ON EARLY BLACK HOLE GROWTH
Authors: Trakhtenbrot B. , Civano F. , Urry C. Megan , Schawinski K. , Marchesi S. , Elvis M. , Rosario D. J. , Suh H. , Mejia-Restrepo J. E. , Simmons B. D. , Faisst A. L. , Onodera M.
Published: June 2016

We present new Keck/MOSFIRE K-band spectroscopy for a sample of 14 faint, X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the COSMOS field. The data cover the spectral region surrounding the broad Balmer emission lines, which enables the estimation of black hole masses (

) and accretion rates (in terms of

). We focus on 10 AGNs at z ≃ 3.3, where we observe the Hβ spectral region, while for the other four z ≃ 2.4 sources we use the

broad emission line. Compared with previous detailed studies of unobscured AGNs at these high redshifts, our sources are fainter by an order of magnitude, corresponding to number densities of order ∼10−6–10−5

. The lower AGN luminosities also allow for a robust identification of the host galaxy emission, necessary to obtain reliable intrinsic AGN luminosities, BH masses and accretion rates. We find the AGNs in our sample to be powered by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with a typical mass of

—significantly lower than the higher-luminosity, rarer quasars reported in earlier studies. The accretion rates are in the range

∼ 0.1–0.4, with an evident lack of sources with lower

(and higher

), as found in several studies of faint AGNs at intermediate redshifts. Based on the early growth expected for the SMBHs in our sample, we argue that a significant population of faint z ∼ 5−6 AGNs, with

, should be detectable in the deepest X-ray surveys available, but this is not observed. We discuss several possible explanations for the apparent absence of such a population, concluding that the most probable scenario involves an evolution in source obscuration and/or radiative efficiencies.
HUBBLE IMAGING OF THE IONIZING RADIATION FROM A STAR-FORMING GALAXY AT Z = 3.2 WITH
*
Authors: Vanzella E. , de Barros S. , Vasei K. , Alavi A. , Giavalisco M. , Siana B. , Grazian A. , Hasinger G. , Suh H. , Cappelluti N. , Vito F. , Amorin R. , Balestra I. , Brusa M. , Calura F. , Castellano M. , Comastri A. , Fontana A. , Gilli R. , Mignoli M. , Pentericci L. , Vignali C. , Zamorani G.
Published: June 2016

Star-forming galaxies are considered to be the leading candidate sources dominating cosmic reionization at

: the search for analogs at moderate redshift showing Lyman continuum (LyC) leakage is currently an active line of research. We have observed a star-forming galaxy at z = 3.2 with Hubble/WFC3 in the F336W filter, corresponding to the 730–890 Å rest-frame, and detected LyC emission. This galaxy is very compact and also has a large Oxygen ratio

/

(

). No nuclear activity is revealed from optical/near-infrared spectroscopy and deep multi-band photometry (including the 6 Ms X-ray Chandra observations). The measured escape fraction of ionizing radiation spans the range 50%–100%, depending on the intergalactic medium (IGM) attenuation. The LyC emission is measured at

(with signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 10) and is spatially unresolved, with an effective radius of

pc. Predictions from photoionization and radiative transfer models are in line with the properties reported here, indicating that stellar winds and supernova explosions in a nucleated star-forming region can blow cavities generating density-bounded conditions compatible to optically thin media. Irrespective of the nature of the ionizing radiation, spectral signatures of these sources over the entire electromagnetic spectrum are of central importance for their identification during the epoch of reionization when the LyC is unobservable. Intriguingly, the Spitzer/IRAC photometric signature of intense rest-frame optical emissions ([O iii]λλ4959,5007 + Hβ) recently observed at

is similar to what is observed in this galaxy. Only the James Webb Space Telescope will measure optical line ratios at

, allowing a direct comparison with the lower-redshift LyC emitters, such as that reported here.
NON-AXISYMMETRIC PERPENDICULAR DIFFUSION OF CHARGED PARTICLES AND THEIR TRANSPORT ACROSS TANGENTIAL MAGNETIC DISCONTINUITIES
Authors: Strauss R. D. , Roux J. A. le , Engelbrecht N. E. , Ruffolo D. , Dunzlaff P.
Published: June 2016

We investigate the transport of charged particles across magnetic discontinuities, focusing specifically on stream interfaces associated with co-rotating interaction regions in the solar wind. We argue that the magnetic field fluctuations perpendicular to the magnetic discontinuity, and usually also perpendicular to the mean magnetic field, are strongly damped in the vicinity of such a magnetic structure, leading to anisotropic perpendicular diffusion. Assuming that perpendicular diffusion arises from drifts in a turbulent magnetic field, we adopt a simplified approach to derive the relevant perpendicular diffusion coefficient. This approach, which we believe gives the correct principal dependences as expected from more elaborate calculations, allows us to investigate transport in different turbulent geometries, such as longitudinal compressional turbulence that may be present near the heliopause. Although highly dependent on the (possibly anisotropic) perpendicular length scales and turbulence levels, we generally find perpendicular diffusion to be strongly damped at magnetic discontinuities, which may in turn provide an explanation for the large particle gradients associated with these structures.
THE MASS OF THE BLACK HOLE IN THE X-RAY BINARY NOVA MUSCAE 1991
Authors: Wu Jianfeng , Orosz Jerome A. , McClintock Jeffrey E. , Hasan Imran , Bailyn Charles D. , Gou Lijun , Chen Zihan
Published: June 2016

The optical counterpart of the black hole soft X-ray transient Nova Muscae 1991 has brightened by ΔV ≈ 0.8 mag since its return to quiescence 23 yr ago. We present the first clear evidence that the brightening of soft X-ray transients in quiescence occurs at a nearly linear rate. This discovery, and our precise determination of the disk component of emission obtained using our simultaneous photometric and spectroscopic data, has allowed us to identify and accurately model archival ellipsoidal light curves of the highest quality. The simultaneity, and the strong constraint it provides on the component of disk emission, is a key element of our work. Based on our analysis of the light curves, and our earlier measurements of the mass function and mass ratio, we have obtained for Nova Muscae 1991 the first accurate estimates of its systemic inclination

deg, and black hole mass

. Based on our determination of the radius of the secondary, we estimate the distance to be

kpc. We discuss the implications of our work for future dynamical studies of black hole soft X-ray transients.
SEARCH FOR HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM TIDAL DISRUPTION EVENTS WITH THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE
Authors: Peng Fang-Kun , Tang Qing-Wen , Wang Xiang-Yu
Published: June 2016

Massive black holes at galaxy center may tear apart a star when the star passes occasionally within the disruption radius, which is the so-called tidal disruption event (TDE). Most TDEs radiate with thermal emission resulting from the acceleration disk, but three TDEs have been detected in bright nonthermal X-ray emission, which is interpreted as arising from the relativistic jets. A search for high-energy gamma-ray emission from one relativistic TDE (Swift J164449.3+573451) with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has yielded nondetection. In this paper, we report the search for high-energy emission from the other two relativistic TDEs (Swift J2058.4+0516 and Swift J1112.2-8238) during the flare period. No significant GeV emission is found, with an upper limit fluence in the LAT energy range being less than 1% of that in X-rays. Compared with gamma-ray bursts and blazars, these TDEs have the lowest flux ratio between GeV emission and X-ray emission. The nondetection of high-energy emission from relativistic TDEs could be due to the fact that the high-energy emission is absorbed by soft photons in the source. Based on this hypothesis, upper limits on the bulk Lorentz factors,

, are then obtained for the jets in these TDEs. We also search for high-energy gamma-ray emission from the nearest TDE discovered to date, ASASSN-14li. No significant GeV emission is found, and an upper limit of

erg s−1 (at 95% confidence level) is obtained for the first 107 s after the disruption.
THE OCCURRENCE OF ADDITIONAL GIANT PLANETS INSIDE THE WATER–ICE LINE IN SYSTEMS WITH HOT JUPITERS: EVIDENCE AGAINST HIGH-ECCENTRICITY MIGRATION
Authors: Schlaufman Kevin C. , Winn Joshua N.
Published: June 2016

The origin of Jupiter-mass planets with orbital periods of only a few days is still uncertain. It is widely believed that these planets formed near the water–ice line of the protoplanetary disk, and subsequently migrated into much smaller orbits. Most of the proposed migration mechanisms can be classified either as disk-driven migration, or as excitation of a very high eccentricity followed by tidal circularization. In the latter scenario, the giant planet that is destined to become a hot Jupiter spends billions of years on a highly eccentric orbit, with apastron near the water–ice line. Eventually, tidal dissipation at periastron shrinks and circularizes the orbit. If this is correct, then it should be especially rare for hot Jupiters to be accompanied by another giant planet interior to the water–ice line. Using the current sample of giant planets discovered with the Doppler technique, we find that hot Jupiters with P
orb < 10 days are no more or less likely to have exterior Jupiter-mass companions than longer-period giant planets with P
orb ≥ 10 days. This result holds for exterior companions both inside and outside of the approximate location of the water–ice line. These results are difficult to reconcile with the high-eccentricity migration scenario for hot Jupiter formation.