bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Context and Arguments from Ontologies for Learning
Authors: Panayiotou Christiana  , Bennett Brandon
Published: February 2025

The deployment of learning resources on the web by different experts has resulted in the accessibility of multiple viewpoints about the same topics. In this work we assume that learning resources are underpinned by ontologies. Different formalizations of domains may result from different contexts, different use of terminology, incomplete knowledge or conflicting knowledge. We define the notion of cognitive learning context which describes the cognitive context of an agent who refers to multiple and possibly inconsistent ontologies to determine the truth of a proposition. In particular we describe the cognitive states of ambiguity and inconsistency resulting from incomplete and conflicting ontologies respectively. Conflicts between ontologies can be identified through the derivation of conflicting arguments about a particular point of view. Arguments can be used to detect inconsistencies between ontologies. They can also be used in a dialogue between a human learner and a software tutor in order to enable the learner to justify her views and detect inconsistencies between her beliefs and the tutor's own. Two types of arguments are discussed, namely: arguments inferred directly from taxonomic relations between concepts, and arguments about the necessary and jointly sufficient features that define concepts.
An algorithm based on structural analysis for model-based fault diagnosis
Authors: Gelso Esteban R.  , Castillo Sandra M.  , Armengol Joaquim
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a diagnosis system in which, an algorithm automatically finds all minimal structurally overdetermined (MSO) sets in a structural model of a system. It combines a first set of MSO sets to get the additional MSO sets, which were obtained after determining a complete matching between equations and unknown variables. Finding the complete set is useful for the diagnosis task increasing the fault isolability due to the fact that it can provide different signatures to each fault. The efficiency of the algorithm for finding all MSO sets is illustrated using the DAMADICS benchmark, which is a pneumatically-actuated control valve.
A system to extract social networks based on the processing of information obtained from Internet
Authors: Canaleta Xavi  , Ros Pablo  , Vallejo Alex  , Vernet David  , Zaballos Agustín
Published: February 2025

The amount of information available on Internet increases by the day. This constant growth makes it difficult to distinguish between information which is relevant and which is not, particularly in key areas which are of strategic interest to business and universities or research centres. This article presents an automatic system to extract social networks: a software designed to generate social networks by exploiting information which is already available on Internet through the use of common search engines such as Google or Yahoo. Furthermore, the metrics used to calculate the affinities between different actors in order to confirm the real ties which connect them and the methods to extract the semantic descriptions of each actor are presented. This represents the innovative part of this research.
Using ant colony systems with pheromone dispersion in the traveling salesman problem
Authors: Becceneri José Carlos  , Sandri Sandra  , da Luz E.F. Pacheco
Published: February 2025

Here we investigate the use of Ant Colony Systems (ACS) for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). We propose the use of a modified ACS for graph problems in which we allow an artificial ant to lay down pheromone, not only on the edges in its path, but also on edges close to it: the closer a given edge is to one of those in the ant's path, the more pheromone it receives. The notion of edge closeness in the TSP takes into account not only the closeness among the nodes composing the edges but also the edges orientation.
Effects of orness and dispersion on WOWA sensitivity
Authors: Torra Vicenç
Published: February 2025

The WOWA operator is an aggregation operator that generalizes the weighted mean and the OWA operator. In this paper we study the sensitivity of this operator with respect to the interpolation method used in its calculation. We analyze the sensitivity with respect to the orness and dispersion (entropy) of the weighting vector.
Scalable and Efficient Multiagent Platform Closer to the Operating System
Authors: Alberola Juan M.  , Such Jose M.  , Espinosa Agustin  , Botti Vicent  , Garcia-Fornes Ana
Published: February 2025

Agent technology demands support to build complex, open and large-scale applications. Therefore, efficient, scalable and robust Multiagent Platforms are needed. The performance of current Multiagent Platforms, which are usually developed in Java, has been tested in different studies. Results presented in these studies show that the performance of these Multiagent Platforms is not as good as one could expect. We present in this paper a different approach of a Multiagent Platform closer to the Operating System level to improve the performance achieved. This platform is focused on offering the main services required by a Multiagent platform and also improving the functionality of some of them, such as the messaging service. In this sense, we extend this functionality with advanced communication mechanisms such as agent groups and predefined interaction protocols. We also present a performance evaluation of the current platform implementation.
Look-Ahead Based SAT Solvers
Authors: Heule Marijn J.H.  , van Maaren Hans
Published: February 2025

The chapter on look-a-head architecture based solvers provides a state of the art description of how heuristics, data structures and learning in this context have evolved over the past year.
MaxSAT, Hard and Soft Constraints
Authors: Li Chu Min  , Manyà Felip
Published: February 2025

MaxSAT solving is becoming a competitive generic approach for solving combinatorial optimization problems, partly due to the development of new solving techniques that have been recently incorporated into modern MaxSAT solvers, and to the challenge problems posed at the MaxSAT Evaluations. In this chapter we present the most relevant results on both approximate and exact MaxSAT solving, and survey in more detail the techniques that have proven to be useful in branch and bound MaxSAT and Weighted MaxSAT solvers. Among such techniques, we pay special attention to the definition of good quality lower bounds, powerful inference rules, clever variable selection heuristics and suitable data structures. Moreover, we discuss the advantages of dealing with hard and soft constraints in the Partial MaxSAT formalims, and present a summary of the MaxSAT Evaluations that have been organized so far as affiliated events of the International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing.
Theory of Quantified Boolean Formulas
Authors: Kleine Büning Hans  , Bubeck Uwe
Published: February 2025

Quantified Boolean formulas (QBF) are a generalization of propositional formulas by allowing universal and existential quantifiers over variables. This enhancement makes QBF a concise and natural modeling language in which problems from many areas, such as planning, scheduling or verification, can often be encoded in a more compact way than with propositional formulas.
SAT Techniques for Modal and Description Logics
Authors: Sebastiani Roberto  , Tacchella Armando
Published: February 2025

In the last two decades, modal and description logics have provided a theoretical framework for important applications in many areas of computer science. For this reason, the problem of automated reasoning in modal and description logics has been thoroughly investigated. In this chapter we show how efficient Boolean reasoning techniques have been imported, used and integrated into reasoning tools for modal and description logics. To this extent, we focus on modal logics, and in particular mainly on K(m).
Applying Self-Testing: Advantages and Limitations
Authors: Bicevska Zane  , Bicevskis Janis
Published: February 2025

The paper is dedicated to principles of smart technologies as well as advantages and restrictions for usage of them. Self-testing as a feature of smart technologies is analyzed more closely. Self-testing is carried out using complete test cases and a built-in test execution mechanism (self-testing mode). The self-testing feature enables testing of software during the whole life cycle and especially in the maintenance phase since this feature operates in both testing and productive environments. The paper also contains an experience-based report about economical aspects of usage of smart technologies and especially self-testing.
Web Systems Evaluation on Users' Behaviour Modelling
Authors: Robal Tarmo  , Kalja Ahto
Published: February 2025

Websites employ different structures to provide information to visitors. Nevertheless, users are browsing the web according to their informational needs and comprehensions of the sites, based on the conceptual model in their mind. This delivers a good basis for evaluating web-based systems. Herein we propose a framework for web systems evaluation on the basis of users' actions. Exploiting a special log system and techniques of web usage mining, typical navigational patterns are recognized. As a result, measures for system evaluation are proposed with experimental data.
The e-Sentencias Prototype: A Procedural Ontology for Legal Multimedia Applications in the Spanish Civil Courts
Authors: Casanovas Pompeu  , Binefa Xavier  , Gracia Ciro  , Teodoro Emma  , Galera Núria  , Blázquez Mercedes  , Poblet Marta  , Carrabina Jordi  , Monton Màrius  , Montero Carlos  , Serrano Javier  , López-Cobo José Manuel
Published: February 2025

Search, retrieval, and management of multimedia contents are challenging tasks for users and researchers alike. We introduce a software-hardware system for the global management of the multimedia contents produced by Spanish Civil Courts. The ultimate goal is to obtain an automatic classification of images and segments of the audiovisual records that, coupled with textual semantics, allows an efficient navigation and retrieval of judicial documents and additional legal sources. This paper describes our knowledge acquisition process, sets a typology of Spanish Civil hearings as performed in practice, and a preliminary procedural ontology at its actual stage of development (e-Sentencias ontology). A discussion on procedural, contextual and multimedia ontologies is also provided.
The Flood, the Channels and the Dykes: Managing Legal Information in a Globalized and Digital World
Authors: Breuker Joost  , Casanovas Pompeu  , Klein Michel C.A.  , Francesconi Enrico
Published: February 2025

Information search and retrieval are part of daily routines of the legal profession. Lawyers, judges, prosecutors, and legal clerks usually access a number of electronic resources to browse, search, select, or update legal contents. Legal databases have currently become large digital libraries where the tasks related to information-seeking may sometimes be cumbersome. Adding semantics to support information search may provide significant results in terms of efficiency, efficacy, and user satisfaction. Semantic technologies may be able to improve legal information search in the judicial and lawyers' domains. However, legal professionals sometimes prefer following routines than changing their information search behavior. New trends in legal ontologies and Semantic Web technologies may help to improve both professional and laymen's skills.
Towards Semantic Interpretation of Legal Modifications through Deep Syntactic Analysis
Authors: Brighi Raffaella  , Lesmo Leonardo  , Mazzei Alessandro  , Palmirani Monica  , Radicioni Daniele P.
Published: February 2025

We are concerned with the automatic semantic interpretation of legal modificatory provisions. We propose a novel approach which pairs deep syntactic parsing and a fine-grained taxonomy of legal modifications. Although still in a developmental stage, the implemented system can be used to annotate with meta-information modificatory provisions of NormaInRete documents.
About the logical relations between cases and rules
Authors: Verheij Bart
Published: February 2025

The two main types of law are legislation and precedents. Both types have a corresponding reasoning pattern determining legal consequences: legislation can be applied and precedents followed. The separate modelling of these two reasoning patterns using logical techniques has recently seen considerable progress. About the logical links between the two less is known, although progress has already been made. This document focuses on such logical relations. The main question is: to what extent can the application of legislation and precedent adherence be considered as two sides of the same logical coin? Findings from the boundaries of logic and law will serve as a starting point.This text is a translated, adapted and extended version of Verheij 2007.
Development of a mediation tool in Family Law: AssetDivider
Authors: Bellucci Emilia
Published: February 2025

This article describes research in developing a new theory of decision support in negotiation in family law mediation. AssetDivider was based on the principles of Family_Winner. As a Negotiation Decision Support System Family_Winner take ratings assigned to items by the parties involved and develops a list of allocations to each party; based on trade-offs inherently present in the dispute. Given advice provided from our industry partners Relationships Australia (Queensland) – RAQ, AssetDivider uses an ideal “percentage split” to guide the development of an allocation list for parties. The system has been tested informally by our contacts at RAQ, and we now look forward to extensive testing and evaluation by mediators at RAQ in the near future. We expect observations and comments made by mediators evaluating the system to indicate future developments, in particular in developing new research into emotionally intelligent NDSS.
An Efficient Method for Quick Construction of Web Services
Authors: Han Hao  , Kotake Yohei  , Tokuda Takehiro
Published: February 2025

With the development of the Internet, Web services, such as Google Maps API and YouTube Data API, become more important and convenient for the Web knowledge distribution and integration. However, currently, most existing Web sites do not provide Web services. In this paper, we present a partial information extraction technology to construct the Web services from the general Web applications quickly and easily. Our implementation shows that our approach is applicable to different kinds of Web applications.
A Domain-Specific Knowledge Space Creation Process for Semantic Associative Search
Authors: Kawamoto Minoru  , Kiyoki Yasushi
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a multiple knowledge spaces creation process for domain oriented semantic associative search. We have presented a generation method of semantic associative search spaces for domain-specific research areas. This process enables database managers and experts of the specific domain to collaborate in constructing semantic search spaces with domain-oriented knowledge. Domain-specific knowledge space creation is essentially important to obtain appropriate knowledge from expert-level document repositories. This paper presents the implementation process for knowledge space creation and the software environment for supporting collaboration work between database managers and domain experts.
Virtual Reality on Mobile Phones to Reduce Anxiety in Outpatient Surgery
Authors: Mosso José L.  , Gorini Alessandra  , De La Cerda Gustavo  , Obrador Tomas  , Almazan Andrew  , Mosso Dejanira  , Nieto Jesus J.  , Riva Giuseppe
Published: February 2025

When undergo ambulatory surgical operations, the majority of patients experience high level of anxiety. Different experimental studies have shown that distraction techniques are effective in reducing pain and related anxiety. Since Virtual reality (VR) has been demonstrated a good distraction technique, it has been repeatedly used in hospital contexts for reducing pain in burned patients, but it has never been used during surgical operations. With the present randomized controlled study we intended to verify the effectiveness of VR in reducing anxiety in patients undergoing ambulatory operations under local or regional anaesthesia. In particular, we measured the degree to which anxiety associated with surgical intervention was reduced by distracting patients with immersive VR provided through a cell phone connected to an HMD compared to a no-distraction control condition. A significant reduction of anxiety was obtained after 45 minutes of operation in the VR group, but not in the control group and, after 90 minutes, the reduction was larger in the experimental group than in other one. In conclusion, this study presents an innovative promising technique to reduce anxiety during surgical interventions, even if more studies are necessary to investigate its effectiveness in other kinds of operations and in larger numbers of patients.
Real-Time Complex Cognitive Surgical Simulator with Testing
Authors: Oliker Aaron  , Cutting Court B.
Published: February 2025

One of the greatest challenges facing surgical education is the inability to effectively test a surgeon's cognitive knowledge of a complex open surgery procedure. Cognitive knowledge is tested by paper, and more recently, computer-based and oral exams. Although these tools are used for testing in surgical education, they have been limited by providing a two-dimensional static representation of complex and dynamic, three-dimensional procedures.
Use of Clinical Simulations for Patient Education: Targeting an Untapped Audience
Authors: Siwe Karin  , Berterö Carina  , Pugh Carla  , Wijma Barbro
Published: February 2025

In most cases, the health professional has been the target for simulation based learning curricula. We have developed a simulation based curriculum for patient education. In our curriculum lay-women learn how to perform the clinical female pelvic examination using a manikin-based trainer. Learner assessments show that prior negative expectations turned into positive expectations regarding future pelvic examinations.
CT Scan Merging to Enhance Navigation in Interventional Radiology Simulation
Authors: Villard Pierre-Frédéric  , Luboz Vincent  , Neumann Paul  , Cotin Stéphane  , Dawson Steve
Published: February 2025

We present a method to merge two distinct CT scans acquired from different patients such that the second scan can supplement the first when it is missing necessary supporting anatomy. The aim is to provide vascular intervention simulations with full body anatomy. Often, patient CT scans are confined to a localised region so that the patient is not exposed to more radiation than necessary and to increase scanner throughput. Unfortunately, this localised scanning region may be limiting for some applications where surrounding anatomy may be required and where approximate supporting anatomy is acceptable. The resulting merged scan can enhance body navigation simulations with X-ray rendering by providing a complete anatomical reference which may be useful in training and rehearsal. An example of the use of our CT scan merging technique in the field of interventional radiology is described.
A Virtual Interface for Interactions with 3D Models of the Human Body
Authors: De Paolis Lucio T.  , Pulimeno Marco  , Aloisio Giovanni
Published: February 2025

The developed system is the first prototype of a virtual interface designed to avoid contact with the computer so that the surgeon is able to visualize 3D models of the patient's organs more effectively during surgical procedure or to use this in the pre-operative planning. The doctor will be able to rotate, to translate and to zoom in on 3D models of the patient's organs simply by moving his finger in free space; in addition, it is possible to choose to visualize all of the organs or only some of them. All of the interactions with the models happen in real-time using the virtual interface which appears as a touch-screen suspended in free space in a position chosen by the user when the application is started up. Finger movements are detected by means of an optical tracking system and are used to simulate touch with the interface and to interact by pressing the buttons present on the virtual screen.
A Collaborative Interaction and Visualization Multi-Modal Environment for Surgical Planning
Authors: Foo Jung Leng  , Martinez-Escobar Marisol  , Peloquin Catherine  , Lobe Thom  , Winer Eliot
Published: February 2025

The proliferation of virtual reality visualization and interaction technologies has changed the way medical image data is analyzed and processed. This paper presents a multi-modal environment that combines a virtual reality application with a desktop application for collaborative surgical planning. Both visualization applications can function independently but can also be synced over a network connection for collaborative work. Any changes to either application is immediately synced and updated to the other. This is an efficient collaboration tool that allows multiple teams of doctors with only an internet connection to visualize and interact with the same patient data simultaneously. With this multi-modal environment framework, one team working in the VR environment and another team from a remote location working on a desktop machine can both collaborate in the examination and discussion for procedures such as diagnosis, surgical planning, teaching and tele-mentoring.
Overcoming the Absence of Tone and Non-Verbal Elements of Communication in Text-Based Cybercounselling
Authors: Murphy Lawrence  , Mitchell Dan
Published: February 2025

Understanding is critical to productive interactions, good communication and therapeutic change. Clients may understand the meanings of words a professional uses but not what the professional intends. If both the client and the professional simply assume that the other will understand their intention because the words are understood, the meanings of the words may come into dispute. This, in turn, leads to failed communication and negative therapeutic outcomes. To counter this, we have developed and used the Presence Techniques in text-based cybercounselling for more than a decade. This paper describes these online counselling techniques and explores their use and effectiveness.
A Morphological Approach for the Fovea Location in Color Fundus Images
Authors: Welfer Daniel  , Scharcanski Jacob  , Marinho Diane Ruschel
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a novel method for the detection of the fovea center in color fundus images. The method was evaluated using a set of 89 images from the DIARETDB1 project, which contains images presenting normal and pathological situations. Using the Mean Absolute Distance (MAD) as a metric, we report 7.37±8.89 (mean ± standard deviation) detection performance for the fovea center which represents an improvement in comparison to other state-of-the-art methods in the literature.
Optimizing Standard Patient Management through Order Sets – Impact on Care (Blood Cultures)
Authors: Rosenal Tom  , Fantin Lisa  , Sinnarajah Aynharan  , Gregson Dan  , Mageau Alexis  , Rich Tom  , Pattullo Andy  , Jamieson Peter  , Kraft Scott  , Robert Jill  , Ross Sheri
Published: February 2025

We show that order set design and support must be thoughtful to result in improved quality of care and reduced waste and that order set use should be monitored to confirm expected impact and detect unanticipated consequences.
Optimal partial questioning in large dimensional AHP
Authors: Fedrizzi Michele  , Giove Silvio
Published: February 2025

In this paper we propose a flexible method for optimally choosing and sequencing in time a subset of pairwise comparisons between the alternatives in large–dimensional AHP problems. Two criteria are taken into account in defining the choice rule: the fair involvement of all the alternatives in the pairwise comparisons and the consistency of the elicited judgements. The combination of the two criteria guarantees the best reliability of the already collected information. The method indicates at each step the two alternatives to be next compared and stops the process taking into account both the reliability of the already elicited judgements and the necessity of bounding the potentially large number of judgements to be submitted to the decision maker.
STLmax joint Mutual Information for quantifying independence in the epileptic brain
Authors: Mammone Nadia  , La Foresta Fabio  , Morabito Francesco C.  , Versaci Mario
Published: February 2025

Results in literature show that the convergence of the Short-Term Maximum Lyapunov Exponent (STLmax) time series, extracted from intracranial EEG recorded from patients affected by intractable temporal lobe epilepsy, is linked to the seizure onset. When the STLmax profiles of different electrode sites converge (high entrainment) a seizure is likely to occur. In this paper Renyi's Mutual information (MI) is introduced in order to investigate the independence between pairs of electrodes involved in the epileptogenesis. A scalp EEG recording and an intracranial EEG recording, including two seizures each, were analysed. STLmax was estimated for each critical electrode and then MI between couples of STLmax profiles was measured. MI showed sudden spikes that occurred 8 to 15 min before the seizure onset. Thus seizure onset appears related to a burst in MI: this suggests that seizure development might restore the independence between STLmax of critical electrode sites.
Nurses Attitudes towards the Informed Patient
Authors: Barnoy Sivia  , Volfin-Pruss Diana  , Ehrenfeld Malka  , Kushnir Talma
Published: February 2025

The widespread use of the Internet for health information has resulted in knowledgeable clients referred to as “informed patients”. Many patients bring the information they downloaded from the Internet to the appointments with the health care workers. Objectives: The present study examined the prevalence of nurses' encounters and attitudes to these patients and factors that might influence attitudes. Method: A cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of 110 nurses in Israel was conducted. The main variables measured were: attitudes, professional self-esteem, and two indices of Internet use. Results: The results show that most nurses held positive attitudes towards patients presenting Internet Medical Information. Nurses with prior experience had more positive attitudes than nurses with no such experience. Professional self-esteem and Internet use were also positively correlated to positive attitudes to these patients. Conclusions: Since patients search the Internet for medical information, there is a need to prepare and train nurses to be Internet literate in order to be prepared for encounters with such patients.
Development of a Computerized Observational Data Collection Tool for a Medication Error Study
Authors: Cho InSook  , Park Hye-Ok  , Choi Yoon Jung  , Hwang Mi Hee
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to introduce the development of a computerized tool, called ‘MedObs Collector’ and its' qualitative usefulness in a medication error study. The requirements for a tool were driven from the medication error research design and users of five research assistants. The MedObs Collector was designed to support multi-user data input and automatic match between data records. MS Access® was used in implementation. We applied this tool to collecting and managing data in a clinical setting and received feedback from users. Through the informal evaluation we found several advantages in training and establishing reliability. It has also reduced the amount of time required for data entry.
User Needs on Nursing Net(The Kango Net) – Analyzing the Total Consultation Page – http://www.kango-net.jp/en/index.html
Authors: Sakyo Yumi  , Nakayama Kazuhiro  , Komatsu Hiroko  , Setoyama Yoko
Published: February 2025

People are required to take in and comprehend a massive amount of health information and in turn make some serious decisions based on that information. We, at St. Luke's College of Nursing, provide a rich selection of high-quality health information, and have set up Nursing Net (The Kango Net:Kango is Nursing in Japanese). This website provides information for consumers as well as people interested in the nursing profession. In an attempt to identify the needs of users, this study conducted an analysis of the contents on the total consultation page. Many readers voted that responses to nursing techniques and symptoms questions proved instrumental in their queries. Based on the results of this study, we can conclude that this is an easy-to-access, convenient site for getting health information about physical symptoms and nursing techniques.
What is the Out-patient Nurse Thinking–from Hand-written to Information System Uses
Authors: Lee Pei-Fen
Published: February 2025

Information systems auxiliary lot of nursing activitie, what is nurse thinking about that information system for work; compared to the period of hand-written what are the differences between them? how was the situation that nurse work across the era from hand-written to information system uses? use in-depth interview study of the phenomenological approach, then summarizing by Collaizzi phenomenological analysis, to know the nurse how to cross working style change, help hospital implement new technology in the future could be more smoothly into the situation, effectively reducing the operating costs.
Medical Applications for High-Performance Computers in SKIF-GRID Network
Authors: Zhuchkov Alexey  , Tverdokhlebov Nikolay
Published: February 2025

The paper presents a set of software services for massive mammography image processing by using high-performance parallel computers of SKIF-family which are linked into a service-oriented grid-network. An experience of a prototype system implementation in two medical institutions is also described.
Using Natural Language Processing to Analyze Tutorial Dialogue Corpora Across Domains Modalities
Authors: Litman Diane  , Moore Johanna  , Dzikovska Myroslava O.  , Farrow Elaine
Published: February 2025

Our research goal is to investigate whether previous findings and methods in the area of tutorial dialogue can be generalized across dialogue corpora that differ in domain (mechanics versus electricity in physics), modality (spoken versus typed), and tutor type (computer versus human). We first present methods for unifying our prior coding and analysis methods. We then show that many of our prior findings regarding student dialogue behaviors and learning not only generalize across corpora, but that our methodology yields additional new findings. Finally, we show that natural language processing can be used to automate some of these analyses.
Analysing Semantic Flow in Academic Writing
Authors: O'Rourke Stephen T.  , Calvo Rafael A.
Published: February 2025

Many approaches have been proposed for providing feedback in academic writing, however, few of them are visually based. We describe a novel visualisation method for providing feedback to support formative essay assessment. The visualisation method makes use of text mining techniques to provide insight on the semantics of the topics in an essay. We propose that visualisation can be used to mitigate many of the problems associated with the subjectivity of formative essay assessment. The visualisation method involves a process of non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF), to uncover topics in an essay, followed by multidimensional scaling, to map the essay topics to a 2-dimensional representation. We evaluate our approach with a subset of the British Academic Written English corpus of 2761 assignments written by university students.
Discovering Causal Models of Self-Regulated Learning
Authors: Brokenshire David  , Kumar Vive
Published: February 2025

New statistical methods allow discovery of causal models from observational data in some circumstances. These models permit both probabilistic and causal inference for models of reasonable size. Many domains can benefit from such methods. Educational research does not easily lend itself to experimental investigation. Research in laboratories is artificial while research in authentic environments is complex and difficult to control. The variables are typically hidden and change over the long term, making them challenging and expensive to investigate experimentally. In addressing these issues, we present an analysis of causal discovery algorithms and their applicability to educational research and learning technology, an engineered causal model of Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) theory based on the literature, and an evaluation of the potential for discovering such a model from observational data using statistical methods.
Intelligent Tutoring Systems with Multiple Representations and Self-Explanation Prompts Support Learning of Fractions
Authors: Rau Martina A.  , Aleven Vincent  , Rummel Nikol
Published: February 2025

Although a solid understanding of fractions is foundational in mathematics, the concept of fractions remains a challenging one. Previous research suggests that multiple graphical representations (MGRs) may promote learning of fractions. Specifically, we hypothesized that providing students with MGRs of fractions, in addition to the conventional symbolic notation, leads to better learning outcomes as compared to instruction incorporating only one graphical representation. We anticipated, however, that MGRs would make the students' task more challenging, since they must link the representations and distill from them a common concept or principle. Therefore, we hypothesized further that self-explanation prompts would help students benefit from working with MGRs. To investigate these hypotheses, we conducted a classroom study in which 112 6th-grade students used intelligent tutors for fraction conversion and fraction addition. The results of the study show that students learned more with MGRs of fractions than with a single representation, but only when prompted to self-explain how the graphics relate to the symbolic fraction representations.
Narrative Creation from Online Video as Knowledge Representation
Authors: Barthel Ralph  , Sharples Mike  , Ainsworth Shaaron
Published: February 2025

Software applications to share and remediate video have become ubiquitous and interacting with video has developed into a mainstream cultural activity in many societies. Like other media video has benefits and limitations for learning. We describe in this paper Video Pathways, a social Video Environment for learning through creation of multi-path online video. Our research assesses whether creation of video narratives multi-path representations, based on ubiquitous video from popular video hosting sites, is an effective way to represent knowledge. Initial formative evaluation with Video Pathways has revealed good usability and desirability and shown the creative potential of Video Pathways.
From Conceptual Models to Agent-based Simulations: Why and How
Authors: Vattam Swaroop  , Goel Ashok K.  , Rugaber Spencer  , Hmelo-Silver Cindy  , Jordan Rebecca
Published: February 2025

The core problem we address in this paper is how to take a declarative conceptual representation of a complex system and produce an agent-based simulation of that model. In particular, we describe a computational technique that takes Structure-Behavior-Function models of complex systems and simulates the behavior of the modeled system in NetLogo, an agent-based programming and simulation environment. This technique has been implemented in an interactive learning environment to promote complex systems learning among middle school students.
Identifying strategies in user's exploratory learning behaviour for mathematical generalisation
Authors: Cocea Mihaela  , Magoulas George D.
Published: February 2025

The nature of the activities that take place in Exploratory Learning Environments allow generating a variety of learner trajectories and makes difficult to develop a model of all possible behaviours (correct or incorrect). To alleviate this situation, we propose an approach for knowledge representation and identification of strategies followed by the learners during exploratory learning. Our approach combines heterogeneous sources of information and defines appropriate similarity measures for strategy identification. Some scenarios from the domain of mathematical generalisation are presented.
Evaluating an Authoring Tool for Mini-Dialogs
Authors: Kumar Rohit  , Sagae Alicia  , Johnson W. Lewis
Published: February 2025

In order to facilitate efficient creation of instructional content for high proficiency language learning systems, we investigate the use of utterance templates through an intuitive authoring tool. Evaluation in the context of authoring mini-dialogs shows that the tool can help authors can achieve higher coverage of the target language.
The Impact of Privacy on Learners in the Context of a Web-Based Test
Authors: Hage Hicham  , Aïmeur Esma
Published: February 2025

In recent years, there has been an increase in research on privacy preserving e-Learning. As authors argue the need for privacy, there were no studies performed to corroborate this need. However, it is established that the learner's emotion do affect his learning. Therefore, this paper investigates the impact of privacy on the learner's emotional state. Particularly, we perform an experiment where participants perform web-based tests, in a no privacy and privacy enforced environments. We report as well on our analysis and findings.
An abstract modeling of learning environments to ensure tracking of learners
Authors: Ramandalahy Triomphe  , Vidal Philippe  , Broisin Julien
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces the modeling of a learning context supported by a service-oriented architecture to ensure tracking of profiles and activities of learners involved in Technology Enhanced Learning processes. A distributed architecture including heterogeneous learning systems and tools, together with some tracking components, is experimented within a French certification learning environment and validates our approach. This proposal is based on a standard widely supported by major editors of operating systems, thus facilitating its adoption by a large range of communities.
An Evaluation of Pedagogical Feedbacks in DIAGRAM, a Learning Environment for Object-Oriented Modeling
Authors: Alonso Mathilde  , Py Dominique
Published: February 2025

This paper reports an experimentation of DIAGRAM conducted during Fall 2008 with students at the university level, in ecological context. DIAGRAM is a learning environment for UML class diagrams that provides specific interaction features and contextual helps for novice users; a diagnostic component enables the system to give advices and suggestions that are tailored to the learner's diagram. The evaluation was conducted using the videos of the sessions. The results show that DIAGRAM is quite helpful for novice learners and suggest some ways to improve the environment.
The Relationship Between Modality and Metacognition While Interacting with AutoTutor
Authors: Sullins Jeremiah  , Jeon Moongee  , D' Mello Sidney  , Graesser Arthur C.
Published: February 2025

In this paper we explored the relationship between metacognitive statements and learning gains with students' typed and spoken interactions with an intelligent tutoring system, called AutoTutor. Analyses revealed that students who entered their contributions via speech showed a significantly higher proportion of metacognitive statements (e.g., I'm not following, I understand). There was a significant negative correlation between metacognitive statements and posttest scores on both typed and spoken interactions. Students with low prior knowledge expressed more metacognitive statements than did students with high prior knowledge. Therefore, metacognitive expressions reflect the learners' knowledge deficits as opposed to improved knowledge monitoring from greater subject matter knowledge.
Incorporating Vicarious Learning Environments with Discourse Scaffolds into Physics Classrooms
Authors: Craig Scotty D.  , Brittingham Joshua K.  , Williams Joah  , Cheney Kyle R.  , Gholson Barry
Published: February 2025

The current study investigated the role of discourse scaffolds embedded into vicarious learning environments in classroom learning. In the current study, one of three vicarious learning conditions with varying levels of discourse scaffolds preceded standard instruction on seven classroom days. An explanation condition included deep questions, course content and explanations. In a question condition the explanations were deleted. A monologue condition contained only course content. The explanation condition participants showed significantly greater learning gains for daily sessions. Results are discussed in terms of presenting vicarious explanations and their role in classroom instruction.
MentorMatch: Using student mentors to scaffold participation and learning within an online discussion board
Authors: Shaw Erin  , Kim Jihie  , Supanakoon Pachara
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we present a novel approach to scaffolding student participation and learning within discussion forums using student mentors, i.e., course peers with relatively good understanding of a particular domain topic. First, we identify mentors using domain topic models, student discussion profiles, and a similarity comparison of the topics being discussed. Second, we provide an interface that encourages classmates to invite mentors to participate. The feature, named MentorMatch, was integrated into an undergraduate course discussion board. Some results are reported.
Validating and Representing Case Based Knowledge
Authors: Gauthier Geneviève  , Lajoie Susanne P.
Published: February 2025

Our data on case creation demonstrated both validity and reliability issues concerning the generation of solutions to easy cases. We propose a methodology that addresses the challenge of capturing and representing evolving knowledge into a validation activity. . The primary emphasis of this activity is not on finding a reliable answer but on identifying and representing optimal reasoning processes leading to acceptable answers for each case. The study examines five medical experts' reasoning processes while they solve and teach three specific cases. Visual representations of their discourse and reasoning processes are co-constructed and consolidated. Findings indicate that variability can be explained by structuring cases around key processes.
Effective Stress Shear Strength Parameters From Piezocone
Authors: Hamza M.  , Shahien M.
Published: February 2025

Effective stress shear strength parameters for cohesive soils are important parameters in geotechnical analysis and design. These parameters can be determined by carrying out consolidated undrained tests with porewater pressure measurements. Those parameters can be also determined based on interpretation of piezocone penetration tests. The current state of the art status had not reached to a level where reliable estimate of effective stress shear strength parameters can be made from the CPTU data. The aim of this paper is to provide additional data on both effective stress shear strength data measued from isotropically consolidated undrained triaxial tests and CPTU data for normally consolidated to slightly overconsolidated clay from the Nile delta deposits based on geotechnical investigations in nine major sites in Egypt. It is beleived that the addition of this data to the literature provides a better ground for improving the current state of the art of estimating effective stress shear strength parameters from the CPTU data. With such beleif, the data are used to evaluate and modify the available method(s). Such an exercise empirically contributed to judgment of angle of plastification and modification of bearing capacity factor, Nq, in the Senneset-Janbu method.
Adverse Drug Events Prevention Rules: Multi-site Evaluation of Rules from Various Sources
Authors: Chazard Emmanuel  , Ficheur Grégoire  , Merlin Béatrice  , Serrot Elisabeth  , Beuscart Régis
Published: February 2025

Adverse drug events are a public health issue (98,000 deaths in the USA every year). Some computerized physician order entry (CPOEs) coupled with clinical decision support systems (CDSS) allow to prevent ADEs thanks to decision rules. Those rules can come from many sources: academic knowledge, record reviews, and data mining. Whatever their origin, the rules may induce too numerous alerts of poor accuracy when identically applied in different places. In this work we formalized rules from various sources in XML and enforced their execution on several medical departments to evaluate their local confidence. The article details the process and shows examples of evaluated rules from various sources. Several needs are enlightened to improve confidences: segmentation, contextualization, and evaluation of the rules over time.
Human Factors Engineering for Computer-Supported Identification and Prevention of Adverse Drug Events
Authors: Beuscart-Zéphir Marie-Catherine  , Nøhr Christian
Published: February 2025

This paper addresses the question of the integration of Human Factors (HF) methods and models within projects aiming at (semi-) automatically identifying and preventing Adverse Drug Events (ADE). While more traditional methods such as voluntary reporting systems of medication errors tend to focus on HF causes of preventable ADEs, computer-based screening and mining methods tend to rely on a medical model of ADEs. As a consequence, HF methods and concepts are rarely considered in those projects. The paper describes the way HF methods have been incorporated in the PSIP (Patient Safety through Intelligent Procedures in medication) project lifecycle. It provides some examples of the results obtained and demonstrates their relevance to improve the entire detection and prevention process.
A Highly Scalable Information System as Extendable Framework Solution for Medical R&D Projects
Authors: Holzmüller-Laue Silke  , Göde Bernd  , Stoll Regina  , Thurow Kerstin
Published: February 2025

For research projects in preventive medicine a flexible information management is needed that offers a free planning and documentation of project specific examinations. The system should allow a simple, preferably automated data acquisition from several distributed sources (e.g., mobile sensors, stationary diagnostic systems, questionnaires, manual inputs) as well as an effective data management, data use and analysis. An information system fulfilling these requirements has been developed at the Center for Life Science Automation (celisca). This system combines data of multiple investigations and multiple devices and displays them on a single screen. The integration of mobile sensor systems for comfortable, location-independent capture of time-based physiological parameter and the possibility of observation of these measurements directly by this system allow new scenarios. The web-based information system presented in this paper is configurable by user interfaces. It covers medical process descriptions, operative process data visualizations, a user-friendly process data processing, modern online interfaces (data bases, web services, XML) as well as a comfortable support of extended data analysis with third-party applications.