bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manajemen Pembelajaran Dalam Mengembangkan Kemandirian Anak Usia Dini di TK Edelweis Kelurahan Tanjung Pinang Kecamatan Jambi Timur Kota Jambi
Authors: Marwah Siti
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to determine the Early Childhood Learning Strategy in the Development of Children's Independence in Edelweis Kindergarten, Jambi City. This research is based on the presence of children who are not yet independent in terms of the bathroom, children are still accompanied by parents in institutions until they return from school, children have not mingled with their peers. This research uses qualitative research techniques. The subjects of this study were children of group B Edelweis Kindergarten Jambi City. As for the research subjects, all stakeholders of Edelweis Kindergarten Jambi City include the principal, teachers, and students. And the informant is the Edelweis Kindergarten Teacher in Jambi City. Data collection techniques using observation, documentation, and interviews. The instrument used in the observation was in the form of research sheets, for documentation using photos to document all children's activities during activities and interviews using interview guidelines with Group B teachers to find out the conditions and problems faced. The results of this study are 1. Early childhood learning strategies in the development of children's independence in Edelweis Kindergarten Jambi City using three steps, namely a). Planning b). Implementation and c) Evaluation. 2. Constraints faced in the application of PAUD learning in the development of children's independence in Edelweis Kindergarten, Jambi City are a) Lack of supporting infrastructure in online learning activities, b), lack of parental knowledge in caring for children's growth and development, and c) Lack of parental support for children's independence so that they will not feel confident in carrying out activities. 3. The results obtained from the implementation of the Strategy, PAUD learning in the development of children's independence is the application of early childhood learning strategies in developing children's independence in Edelweis Kindergarten, Jambi City, running well in accordance with the learning objectives that have been compiled together with the parents of students, even in the middle. In the middle of a semester the learning activities turned into an online system because during the pandemic, there was Covid 19.
ANALISIS VALIDITAS PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR MEMBACA DALAM HATI PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK TERPADU DENGAN STRATEGI OK5R DI KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Nasrul Silviana , Suryani Ade Irma , Apfani Sri
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh belum tersedianya bahan ajar yang memuat tahapan membaca, yakni prabaca, saatbaca,dan pascabaca dan belum terlihat teknik membaca dalam hati yang benar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) menganalisis kebutuhan siswa berkaitan dengan bahan ajar membaca dalam hati. (2) Mengembangkan bahan ajar membaca dalam hati pada pembelajaran tematik terpadu dengan strategi OK5R di Kelas IV SD. (3) Menguji validitas bahan ajar yang dihasilkan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan model pengembangan Plomp yang terdiri dari tiga tahap, yaitu: (1) preliminary research, (2) prototyping phase, dan (3) assesment stage. Pada penelitian ini peneliti meminta bantuan 3 orang validator yaitu validator untuk materi, validator untuk Kebahasaan dan validator untuk design, dari validasi yang dilakukan didapatkan uji validitas 92% dengan kriteria sangat valid, Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pengembangan bahan ajar membaca dalam hati pada pembelajaran tematik terpadu dengan strategi OK5R di Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar telah valid untuk digunakan.
PROSES BELAJAR MENGAJAR SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA TINGKAT SEKOLAH DASAR DI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Suparjan Suparjan , Mariyadi Mariyadi
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pelaksanaan kegiatan belajar dan mengajar tingkat sekolah dasar di Kalimantan Barat pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara semi terstruktur terhadap guru-guru di sekolah dasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua jenis pola pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru-guru di masa pandemi COVID-19 yaitu pembelajaran daring dan luring. Pertama kegiatan pembelajaran daring yang umumnya dilakukan oleh guru melalui aplikasi media sosial berupa WhatsApp. Kegiatan belajar dan mengajar dilakukan dengan cara mengirim teks, video, rekaman suara, dan power point, kepada siswa. Kedua kegiatan pembelajaran luring yang dilakukan oleh guru dengan memberikan tugas mingguan, pembelajaran secara berkelompok, dan pembelajaran dengan les. Hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi oleh guru selama proses kegiatan belajar dan mengajar di masa pandemi COVID 19 di antaranya adalah kurangnya ketersediaan perangkat pembelajaran daring, sumber daya manuasia (SDM) yang kurang mumpuni, dan sikap negatif baik itu berasal dari guru, siswa, maupun orang tua
Sistem Pakar untuk Diagnosa Penyakit Ayam Pedaging
Authors:   Program Studi Teknologi Informasi, Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut, Kusrini Wiwik , Fathurrahmani Fathurrahmani ,   Program Studi Teknologi Informasi, Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut, Sayyidati Rabini ,   Program Studi Teknologi Informasi, Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut
Published: January 2021

Tanah Laut Regency is the largest producer of broilers in South Kalimantan. However, public knowledge about symptoms and diseases in chickens is still lacking, so this is a problem that must be resolved because it can cause losses. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of overcoming this problem, namely by building an expert system application that can be used by the public and extension workers to diagnose chicken disease. The method used to build this system is a waterfall with the forward chaining technique as a forward-looking solution, meaning that inference is done by looking for input data in the form of symptom data in the form of chicken disease. The system built is equipped with features that display disease treatment and prevention solutions based on the symptoms that have been entered, so that disease-stricken chickens can be handled appropriately and quickly according to their disease. Based on blackbox testing carried out by involving potential users, the results obtained that all functionality can work as expected. Accuracy testing is also done by comparing manual calculations with an accuracy value of 95%. This is influenced by the weighting of the symptom value which affects the decrease in the value of the symptom result when compared to ideal conditions. In conclusion, the implications of using this system can make it easier for the community and instructor to diagnose chicken disease.
Instability of Textile Production in Pakistan: Stochastic Frontier Model Approach
Authors: KHAN INAYATULLAH , AFZAL MOHAMMAD
Published: January 2021

Textile industry is the largest industry of Pakistan and like other industries it is facing not only high and escalating cost of electricity and gas but also lack of market access. This study has computed production uncertainty (PU) due to technical inefficiency (TIE) of textile exporting and manufacturing (TEM) firms in Pakistan. We has obtained data from annual reports of 98 companies for the year 2017-18. We has applied stochastic production frontier approach with half normal distribution of ui. PU with confidence bounds had been computed. Inefficiencies (ui/εi) were statistically significant at 5 % level of significance. The mean PU was 0.0045. The computed scores of PU of TEM firms in Pakistan during 2017-18 showed that maximum numbers of firms had their PU score low and close to minimum PU score and very few firms had high PU score and close to maximum PU score. Keywords: Textile Manufacturing Firms, Production Uncertainty, Technical Inefficiency, Confidence Bounds, MLE Technique, Cobb-Douglas Production Function.
Transformational Leadership is Shaping the Research & Development Culture of Pakistani Universities: A Case Analysis
Authors: DAUD BUTT HASSAN , AHMED RIAZ , AHMED ISRAR
Published: January 2021

This research analyses 629 university leaders and investigates the effect of personality attributes and cross cultural experiences as predictors of dynamic cross cultural competencies in an research and developemnt setting. The study finds out and suggests that transformational leadership develops through work related and non-work related activities of cultural as well as personality characteristics. Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Cross Culture, Personality Attributes, Global Leaders.
Las Libertades Individuales y la Pandemia
Authors: Castaño Castrillón José Jaime
Published: January 2021

En Colombia, por ley, los días festivos se trasladan al siguiente lunes, para el caso del 1 de noviembre, que cayó en domingo, el día festivo se traslada al lunes, creando, de paso, un nuevo día festivo. Se tiene, pues, un bloque de tres días festivos, que además coinciden con la celebración el 31 de octubre, del día de los niños, el llamado “Halloween”. Día muy especial para la “genta menuda” ya que es una fecha para ellos de diversión sin límite, que este año coincidió para infortunio de ellos, con la Pandemia. Pues bien, en Colombia, muchas autoridades locales se dedicaron a “enjaular” a los niños con toques de queda que, a menudo, se prolongaron por 4 o 5 días desde el viernes hasta el martes. ¿Vale la pena este exceso de celo con la parte de la poblaciónque presenta menos riesgo de contagio por COVID-19? ¿Vale la pena atropellar de esa forma sus derechos individuales? El otro sector de la población, más vulnerable, son los adultos mayores, que afortunadamente, como consecuencia de una tutela fueron sustraídos de la “protección estatal”, sino aún estarían “enjaulados” indefinidamente, además, en flagrante violación de sus derechos individuales.
Alarm Reminder Pada Kelas Ibu Hamil Masyarakat Desa Kepuharjo Kecamatan Cangkringan
Authors: Galuh Tunggal Prastiti  , Nurmawati Nurmawi Aman  , Dana Daniati  , Deasy elvianita  , Dea Lestari  , Maria Stefania
Published: January 2021

Indikator keberhasilan dalam kemampuan pelayanan kesehatan suatu negara ditentukan dengan hasil tinggi rendahnya angka kematian ibu (AKI) dan angka kematian bayi (AKB). Salah satu kebijakan pemerintah yang telah dilaksanakan sebagai realisasi tujuan MDG’s untuk menurunkan angka kematian anak dan meningkatkan kesehatan ibu dan juga sebagai upaya mendekatkan pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat adalah melalui program kelas ibu hamil. Inovasi “Alarm Reminder” sebagai media pengingat terhadap tingkat kesadaran ibu dalam melakukan kunjungan pada program kelas ibu hamil di Pustu Desa Kepuharjo Kecamatan Cangkringan Kabupaten Sleman DIY.
Penyuluhan Perilaku Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat (PHBS) Di Dusun Berjo Wetan Godean Sleman Yogyakarta
Authors: Dian Wuri Astuti  , Fitri Nadifah  , Yuliana Prasetyaningsih  , Vixa Meindara  , Anggraeni  , Diah Irawati  , May Tri Mulyani
Published: January 2021

Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) merupakan langkah yang harus dilakukan untuk mencapai derajat kesehatan yang optimal bagi setiap orang. Penanaman pola pikir hidup sehat kepada masyarakat harus dimulai dan diusahakan dari diri sendiri. Sementara itu, kesadaran masyarakat akan kesehatan dan pola hidup bersih sehat, khususnya masyarakat desa masih sangat rendah. Untuk itu pemberian penyuluhan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya melakukan upaya Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sehingga bisa terwujud derajat kesehatan yang lebih baik.
Determinan Struktur Modal dan Nilai Perusahaan
Authors:   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Pohan Mukmin , Sari Maya ,   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Munasib Adi ,   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Radiman Radiman ,   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to formulate a determinant model of capital structure and firm value. The population of this study is the tourism industry sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2013-2018. In this study the entire population is sampled (Total Sampling). Data collection procedures by collecting audited (annual report) financial report data issued by the Indonesia Capital Market Directory (ICMD). The data analysis technique used is path analysis. The results showed that partially profitability, institutional ownership and firm size had a significant effect on capital structure while company growth had no significant effect on capital structure. Simultaneously the profitability variables, institutional ownership, company growth and company size affect the capital structure. Partially profitability, institutional ownership, company size and capital structure have a significant effect on firm value, while company growth does not significantly influence firm value Simultaneously profitability, Institutional ownership, company size, company growth and capital structure have a significant effect on company value in the sector tourism industry.
The effect of realistic mathematics education on student achievement in 8th grades geometric objects teaching
Authors:   Giresun University, Turkey, Aksu Hasan Huseyin
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to answer if there is a reasonable difference on academical success of students who get education with traditional and RME approach question on “Teaching geometrical objects to 8th grade students” subject. Study group consists of 47 students which contains 21 experimental and 16 control group from “Ordu Anadolu İmam Hatip High School Project School” in Altinordu, Ordu. Experimental and control group have same academical success level, as the school which this study has runned is a school which accepts students with an exam only. After the experimental and control groups were created, a 25 question pre-test was performed to understand the level of knowledge of the group regarding geometrical objects. The same test was performed on the same groups 8 weeks later as retention test. To determine opinions of the students in experimental group regarding RME and related learning activities, semi-structured interviews are conducted. The data obtained from the pretest, posttest and retention tests were analyzed with t-test for independent samples and t-test for dependent samples and variance analysis for mixed measurements with 0.05 significance level. According to the results, it is seen that learning activities prepared according to RME approach are much more effective than learning activities prepared according to the traditional approach on students’ academic success.
No es lo mismo leproso que leprosa. Débito conyugal y discurso médico en la Baja Edad Media
Authors: Morin Alejandro
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se analiza el tratamiento diferenciado por sexo en lo que respecta a la obligación del débito conyugal en Partidas de Alfonso X de acuerdo con el comentario que le realizara en 1555 Gregorio López. En dicha glosa se involucran unas referencias médicas que plantean diferentes riesgos de contagio para el cónyuge sano de un leproso o una leprosa. Este discurso médico es movilizado en el marco de unas referencias de orden teológico que aseguran con la correspondiente disparidad de trato el mantenimiento de un orden de prelación socialmente sancionado. El prescriptivo aislamiento de los leprosos en la Edad Media daba pie a una serie de cuestiones legales a resolver. Entre ellas, hay que establecer en qué condiciones ha de hacerse efectivo el débito conyugal. La glosa de Gregorio López nos remite a la tesis de Pedro Paludano que plantea este tratamiento diferenciado por sexos en función de afirmaciones provenientes de la medicina de la época. Se cruza en este artículo las referencias de López con los postulados de la ginecología bajomedieval y tempranomoderna.
El diario de Gabriel Quiroga: reflexiones de Manuel Gálvez ante el centenario de la Revolución de Mayo
Authors: Rubio García Gonzalo
Published: January 2021

El diario de Gabriel Quiroga fue una obra escrita a principios del siglo XX por Manuel Gálvez que, como veremos, logró calar hondo en el pensamiento de la población argentina. A su vez, es un texto que ha sido destacado por muchos intelectuales debido a sus apelaciones al nacionalismo cultural y las nociones de corte positivista, así como también sus aportes modernistas y anti positivistas. Por dicha razón, ante la diversidad de construcciones encontradas, nuestro objetivo en este trabajo es indagar y revisar las ideas que el autor sostuvo en esta obra, teniendo en cuenta que se trata de su primer acercamiento literario hacia la crítica del pasado argentino y el género de diario ficcional. Consideramos que la estrategia elegida permitió al autor destacar un personaje, representativo de otros hombres en su época, que era habilitado por la matriz realista de la obra. Bajo ese formato, logró que las posturas expuestas sirvieran como una construcción fidedigna de muchas de las ideas que circulaban en la época del Centenario y como antecedente intelectual para otros pensadores que posteriormente adhirieron al nacionalismo.
Historical stages in the development of domestic lawmaking: from imperial tradition to digital innovation
Authors: Alimova Dina , Zaloilo Maxim , Ivanyuk Oksana , Pashentsev Dmitry
Published: January 2021

The article identifies and analyzes the historical stages in the development of the legislative activity of the Russian state, starting from the 15th century. The characteristics of each of the stages are given from the standpoint of historical science. The features, that characterize the Russian lawmaking tradition are revealed, with the help of the comparative historical method its historical dynamics is shown over several centuries. The role of the state in the development of lawmaking at different historical stages is substantiated, the influence of the form of government on lawmaking is shown. The features of the influence of modern digital technologies on lawmaking are revealed, the transformation of lawmaking traditions under the influence of digitalization is shown.
Rural school in daily life peasants of the agrarian center of Russia in the second half of the 19th — beginning of the 20th century
Authors: Zhirov Nikolai
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the role of school education in the life of peasants of the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. The main sources are published materials and documents stored in the state archive of the Orel region. The results of the study give an idea of the process of reforming the primary school system not only at the national level, but also at the regional level, allowing us to assess the level of implementation of state policy in the field. This makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the direct impact of school education on the social and economic transformations that took place in the Russian Empire.
The South Russian national center of V. V. Shulgin: ideology, activity and influence on the White movement
Authors: Chemakin Anton
Published: January 2021

The paper is devoted to South Russian National Center (SRNC) - a moderate right-wing organization created in Odessa in January 1919 under the leadership of the exState Duma deputy V V Shulgin. SRNC, which had united the politicians from Little Russian and New Russian provinces, billed itself as the champion of the interests of South Russia and supported the autonomy of this region within the united Russian state. Special attention is paid to the Center’s attitude to the Ukrainian problem, relations with the Volunteer Army and French interventionists. In spite of the fact that SRNC never became a mass political party, it played an important role in the life of Odessa in early 1919, and later its members made a serious contribution to the policy of the White movement with respect to the national issue, having developed the project of dividing the former Ukraine into three regions: Kiev, New Russia and Kharkov.
Islamic factor in historical and political processes in the Middle East: New realities and trends
Authors: Goncharova Anastasia , Savicheva Elena , Yurtaev Vladimir
Published: January 2021

The article examines the influence of the Islamic factor on various spheres of the Middle East societies, as well as on the process of transformation of the regional relations subsystem. A special attention is focused on the exacerbation of relations within the Islam world, especially between the followers of the two main trends - Sunnis and Shiites, which accompanies the struggle for leadership in the Middle East. It is emphasized that a distinctive feature of the modern situation in the Islamic countries is a high potential for social explosion and a significant level of conflict, which has an extremely negative impact on the ensuring national and regional security.
بحوث العلوم النفسية: الاستدلال الإحصائي والأزمة في قابلية التكرار
Authors: Unshur Ahmed Mohamed Hussein
Published: January 2021

تتراكم المعرفة نتيجة لتتابع البحوث وتطورها، ويعتبر البحث العلمي أداة ووسيلة موضوعية للكشف عن الحقيقة العلمية، والعلم يقوم بالتصحيح الذاتي ليصحح مساره. تواجه بحوث العلوم النفسية قضايا منهجية مرتبطة بالاستدلال الإحصائي وبالتحديد سوء فهم واستخدام الدلالة الإحصائية أو القيم الاحتمالية (p-values)، وعدم قابلية النتائج للتكـرار. يقوم الباحثون بعملية تجريف البيانات (Data-dredging) لإيجاد نتائج ذات دلالة إحصائية تبرر النشر وذلك نتيجة للتنافس العالي في البيئة الأكاديميـة. تقدم هذه الورقة جهود العلماء والباحثين في علم النفس والإحصاءتجاه هذه القضايا، بما فيها بيان أصدرته الجمعية الإحصائية الأمريكية (ASA) American Statistical Association عن الدلالة الإحصائية والقيم الاحتمالية، والإطار العلمي المفتوح (OSF) Open Science Framework، ومشروع تعاوني قام به التعاون العلمي المفتوح بحيث تم تكرار 100 دراسة تجريبية وارتباطية للحصول على تقدير مبدئي في قابلية نتائج البحوث النفسية للتكرار. كما تقدم الورقة عدد من الحلول المقترحـة. يؤمل أن تحفـز هذه الورقة النقاش في وسط الباحثين وأن تفتح أفق جديدة للبحوث النفسيــة.
Secondary Data Analysis: Lessons and perspective of a research parasite
Authors: Raman Ayush
Published: January 2021

Secondary data analysis refers to re-analyzing publicly available datasets to investigate the questions that original scientists had not posited. This helps in scientific progress by paving the path to more reliable and robust analyses and new research directions without any considerable expense. However, these datasets are anything but perfect, and researchers must investigate and assess the signal to noise ratio robustly to extract meaningful information. These efforts of rigorous secondary analysis are further recognized and supported by the Research Parasite Awards. As the 2020 Junior Research Parasite Award recipient, I share my journey and perspective of a research parasite in this commentary article.
Prospects of High Viscosity Oil Flow Rate in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Al-Obaidi Sudad H , AP Galkin , AA Patkin
Published: January 2021

The non-Newtonian nature of fluid flow represents one of the most important features of the development of high-viscosity oil (HVO) deposits .The deviation from the linear law of the fluid flow is associated, first of all, with the formation of a strong spatial structure due to the presence of high-molecular components and dissolved gases in the composition. The stress required to destroy the formed structure is called the shear stress of the ultimate destruction of the structure. In this regard, in order to ensure the flow of HVO through the pore space, it is necessary to create certain values of pressure gradients above the dynamic shear pressure gradient (DSPG). With increasing pressure gradients above the DSPG, the oil structure begins to collapse, and after overcoming the critical value of the pressure gradient of the ultimate destruction of the structure (PGUDS), flow begins to be described by the Newtonianlaw. The article considers the influence of various factors on the oil flow rate of a horizontal well (HW) that exploits the HVO Deposit. At the same time, numerical experiments were carried out on a hydrodynamic model for the non-Newtonian oil flow regime (in the presence of DSPG) and the results obtained were compared with calculations of the oil flow rate using an analytical formula.
Modeling sensory-motor experience during object manipulation in Augmented Reality (AR)
Authors: Mohamed  , Putze Felix , Küster Dennis
Published: January 2021

What does it feel like when one controls a tool? Would it feel like it is being extended from one’s own body? This thesis is a cornerstone for the PALMS study. Plasticity of the minimal self can be defined as the ability to shape or extend Body Image and Body Action. The PALMS project studies the plasticity of the minimal self in healthy aging in tool-use dependent tasks. In our current study, we developed an object manipulation experiment in AR. Whereby having one’s hand tracked, one could then move their hand to control a tool(gripper) in AR. The aim of the task is for one to touch the gripper’s middle part with the front side of the target cube. Moreover, one should avoid touching the sides of the target cube. One would then put on a tactile glove, which would then generate tactile feedback once the tool comes in contact with a target. The primary question we had for our current experiment was, Would a task with haptic feedback have a better performance than a task without haptic feedback?For our experiment, we divided the participants into two groups, Group A (without Feedback first) and Group B (With Haptic feedback first). In Group A, in the first two blocks (first half of the trials), one will not get haptic feedback as the tool comes in contact with the target. Then in the second two blocks (second half of the trials), haptic feedback would be present. Such that participants will get haptic feedback as the tool comes in contact with the target. Conversely, in Group B, in the first half of the trials, haptic feedback would be present. Then in the second half of the trials, haptic feedback would be absent.Results show that Haptic Feedback helped participants to perform the task better. No differences in the average workloads between the two groups or the two conditions were observed. Each participant had their own threshold level, a level of difficulty that a participant fluctuates within. No learning effects in any of the two groups in blocks with the same condition were observed. No sequence effects were observed. The order of the chunk of blocks between the two groups did not appear to show any differences.
What does the software requirement specification for local EGovernment of citizen database information system? An analysis using ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148 – 2011
Authors: AISDL
Published: January 2021

The management citizen database is Improper and not up-to-date will results decisions that are not strategic for the village development process. Inappropriate citizen data also results in long-term ineffective local government planning processes. Such as the problem of forecasting or predicting the level of growth of citizens as well as the need for development services which are part of the medium-term long-term plans of local governments. Therefore they need requires a citizen database information system. In connection with the needs of citizen database information systems, this study provides a solution of analysing documents, namely the requirement specification software for citizen database information systems using the ISO / IEC / IEEE 29148 edition of 2011. The study was conducted with case studies of 6781 management data of residents of the village of Sumbersekar, Malang Regency, East Java. The method to execute the research consisted of data gathering stages, data flow and decision analysis, and the last is create software requirement specification. the specific requirements of the SRS documents ISO / IEC / IEEE 29148 2011 edition are external interfaces, functions, usability requirements, performance requirements, logical database requirements, design constraints, software system attributes, and supporting information.
Induction of cross-functional department to avoid design mis-match
Authors: Tiwari Krishna Veer
Published: January 2021

“Design thinking refers to the cognitive, strategic and practical processes by whichdesign concepts (proposals for new products, buildings, machines, etc.) are developed. Many ofthe key concepts and aspects of design thinking have been identified through studies, acrossdifferent design domains, of design cognition and design activity in both laboratory and naturalcontexts.Design thinking is also associated with prescriptions for the innovation of products and serviceswithin business and social contexts. Some of these prescriptions have been criticized foroversimplifying the design process and trivializing the role of technical knowledge and skills”
Building Causal Knowledge in Behavior Genetics
Authors: Madole James W. , Harden K. Paige
Published: January 2021

Behavior genetics is a controversial science. For decades, scholars have sought to understand the role of heredity in human behavior and life-course outcomes. Recently, technological advances and the rapid expansion of genomic databases have facilitated the discovery of genes associated with human phenotypes like educational attainment and substance use disorders. To maximize the potential of this flourishing science, and to minimize potential harms, careful analysis of what it would mean for genes to be causes of human behavior is needed. In this paper, we advance a framework for identifying instances of genetic causes, interpreting those causal relationships, and applying them to advance causal knowledge more generally in the social sciences. Central to thinking about genes as causes is counterfactual reasoning, the cornerstone of causal thinking in statistics, medicine, and philosophy. We argue that within-family genetic effects represent the product of a counterfactual comparison in the same way as average treatment effects from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Both average treatment effects from RCTs and within-family genetic effects are shallow causes: they operate within intricate causal systems (non-unitary), produce heterogeneous effects across individuals (non-uniform), and are not mechanistically informative (non-explanatory). Despite these limitations, shallow causal knowledge can be used to improve understanding of the etiology of human behavior and to explore sources of heterogeneity and fade-out in treatment effects.
Stakeholder Perspectives on Infant Formula Safety Governance in China: A Decade after the Melamine Crisis
Authors: Yang Ronghui , Horstman Klasien , Penders Bart
Published: January 2021

This paper critically engages with dynamics of the Chinese food safety governance infrastructure following the melamine crisis. It presents a qualitative analysis of sixteen in-depth stakeholder interviews in Hunan, Hubei and Henan. We reveal tensions between a segmented model of governance and a centralised model, between a centralised top-down model and stakeholder participation, and between a public model and a private, decentral market where corporate reputation must result in transparency and trust. Stakeholders also see gaps between ideals of inclusive, transparent and participatory governance, and effective problem-solving. Governance of food safety in China, even when targeting inclusion and public accountability, remains heavily dependent on the central state as a pivotal actor.
Mahatma Gandhi and Basic Education
Authors: Jena Pravat Kumar
Published: January 2021

The present system of education has not been able to give right direction to the youths and it does not provide them affluent opportunities for their all round development to make them self reliant. Now-a-days the students are passing examinations and earning their degrees with first or higher divisions, but most of them are unable to become self reliant and incapable to face the challenges. So to overcome this condition there is a need of such education which was predicted by Mahatma Gandhi like ‘Basic Education’ or ‘Nai-Talim’. Gandhi realized that the basic education was an essential component to the structural and socio-economic imbalances that were badly affected. It was the treatment for all the ills and evils of the society in India. His idea on basic education not only changed the educational system of India but also led a social revolution. This paper aims to understand and review the principles of Gandhiji on basic education which are assessed from his several writings. Some important features of Gandhiji’s basic education are also described comparing present system of education.
IN SEARCH OF THE GREAT TRANSITION
Authors: Herrera Osvaldo Nestor
Published: January 2021

According to Lévi-Strauss, all historically known hunter-gatherer societies formed networks of kinship relationships and norms for the acceptance of marriages around the prohibition of incest, which limits the number of possible marital unions favoring a more extensive system of links. I revisit an ethnographic study, conducted by the Marshall family with !Kung hunter-gatherers, to recognize the links between kinship and survival. Starting from the initial hypothesis that kinship relationships arose in an ancestral population to current hunter-gatherer populations, I review recent results of genetic, paleoanthropological and chronological research that can inform us about the emergence of these new lifestyles. The final hypothesis is that kinship relations and norms for the formation of marriages, with extensive networks of reciprocal relationships that favor survival, already existed in human populations around 200 ka ago in southern Africa.
Why win-wins are rare in complex environmental management
Authors: Hegwood Margaret , Langendorf Ryan E. , Burgess Matthew G.
Published: January 2021

High-profile modeling studies often project that large-scale win-win solutions are widely available, but practitioners are often skeptical of win-win narratives, due to real-world complexity. Here, we bridge this divide by showing mathematically why complexity makes win-wins elusive. We provide a general proof that, under uncertainty, the probability a manager should assign to win-win outcomes (here meaning Pareto improvements) existing strictly decreases in: the number of objectives, the number of stakeholders, and the number of constraints. We also show that a measure of tradeoff severity increases in the number of objectives, and approaches a limit unaffected by tradeoff surface curvature. This is important because most empirically estimated two-dimensional tradeoff surfaces are concave—77%, we show in a meta-analysis. Concave tradeoffs are less severe, but our theory suggests this difference dissipates in higher dimensions. Our results provide precise intuition and quantitative guidance for interpreting implications of simple tradeoff studies for complex realities.
Indian Education in Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Jena Pravat Kumar
Published: January 2021

The spread of pandemic Covid-19 has drastically disrupted every aspects of human life including education. It came as havoc for developing countries like India. It has compelled the human society to maintain social distancing and made people mandatory to sit indoor. It has significantly disrupted the education sector which is a critical determinant of economic future of a country. Many educational institutions around the world have closed their campuses and moved for online teaching-learning mode. In India, about 32 crore learners stopped to move schools/colleges and all educational activities brought to an end. The outbreak of Covid-19 has worked as a catalyst for the educational institutions to grow with digital technologies, which has never happened before. The educational institutions have managed to ensure the continuity of educational activities with digital technologies during the pandemic and are expecting the same trend to continue. This paper highlights some measures taken by Govt. of India to provide seamless education in the country during the pandemic Covid-19. Various challenges and opportunities created by Covid-19 on education are discussed. Some of the post Covid-19 trends which may allow imagining the new ways of teaching learning in India are outlined. Some fruitful suggestions are also pointed to carry out educational activities during the pandemic situation.
Rosegate Projectile Points in the Fremont Region
Authors: Bischoff Robert , Allison James
Published: January 2021

The Fremont projectile point typology was developed in the 1980s. An early revision combined the Rose Spring Corner-notched and Eastgate Expanding-stem types into a combined Rosegate type with an end date of 900-1000 AD. Some archaeologists recognize that these projectile points persist to approximately 1300 AD but others use the earlier dates. Furthermore, there is a varied approach to these types. Some use the original two types, while others use Rosegate or a combination of Rosegate, Rose Spring, and Eastgate. We used projectile point typology data, illustrations, and photographs to study the temporal range and morphological variation of Rosegate points. We found that Rosegate points are common throughout the Fremont period, with some decline over time. A spatial analysis demonstrates that the points are found throughout the Fremont region but are not evenly distributed. Our morphological analysis does not support the separation of Rosegate points into two distinct types.
Why We Still Far from the End of Covid-19: A Preliminary Finding on Indonesian Experience in Facing the Pandemic
Authors: Seftyono Cahyo
Published: January 2021

This study is aiming at (1) revealing why Indonesia has not yet to show signs of decreasing the curve for Covid-19; (2) disclosing how information related to Covid-19 is widely accepted by the public and who has the most role in this effort; (3) how science-based information relations can be used as material for policy-making for Covid-19 counter-measures, as well as how to effectively refer to the Evidence-Based Policy and the existing challenges. The method used in the study is mixed-method by distributing questionnaires to 2,772 respondents in three cities with the red zone status, i.e. Depok City, Medan City, and Surakarta City. The findings for this first phase obtained were processed using secondary sources based on academic literature. The findings show that (1) there are still many respondents who think Covid-19 is a hoax and conspiracy; (2) the participation of academic institutions and independent research institutions in sharing valid information regarding Covid-19 is still very low; (3) the government has not massively involved academic institutions to respond Covid-19. These three aspects are the reasons why Covid-19 is still a threat, especially for Indonesian citizens. But we have an important finding that effective aid from government combine with the independent and academic institution participations, will help to minimize the activity in public space. It is also mean that we can handle the spread of Covid-19.
IPO Underpricing and Aftermarket Price Accuracy: Auctions vs. Bookbuilding in Japan
Authors: Lehmann Timo , Weber Matthias
Published: January 2021

We analyse a regulatory change in the Japanese IPO market that created an abrupt shift from hybrid price-discriminatory auctions to bookbuilding. We find that bookbuilding leads to significantly higher underpricing than hybrid price-discriminatory auctions. Further, we find evidence that price accuracy tends to be higher for auctions than for bookbuilding. The results hold under a variety of OLS specifications and with regression discontinuity designs exploiting the abrupt change of the regulation. The results suggest that the interests of issuers and underwriters are not aligned. The popularity of bookbuilding seems puzzling from this perspective.
Mo’ Votes, Mo’ Money: Relative Electoral Importance, Multidimensional Redistribution and Income Inequality in the United Kingdom (2005 – 2019)
Authors: Sandher Jeevun
Published: January 2021

Governments use taxation and social security payments to buy votes. I argue that governments redistribute to electorally important groups defined by multiple dimensions (such as age, parental status, and income), and that this multidimensional redistribution helps explain the evolution of income inequality. Using a difference-in-differences method, I find that governments within the United Kingdom redistribute more to electorally important groups after changes in power, and that this multidimensional redistribution also has a significant impact on income inequality. The multidimensional perspective analysed here also explains patterns of redistribution that the standard unidimensional income perspective, which analyses transfers solely between rich and poor, cannot.
ETHNIC IDENTITY AS STIGMA: KALMYKS IN DEPORTATION (1943–1956)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Guchinova Elza-Bair
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the ethnic identification of the Kalmyks during the deportation of 1943–1956. These thirteen years in Siberia represented a special historical context during which the Kalmyk ethnic group was completely outlawed and its ethnic identity problematized. The purpose of the article is to show how the Kalmyk ethnicity was stigmatized under the pressure of a large society, how the Kalmyk ethnicity disappeared from the public sphere, retreating into the private sphere, and how the weakening of markers of Kalmyk ethnicity played out in Siberia: Kalmyk personal names changed to Russian ones, the ritual order of calendar holidays was reduced, knowledge of the native language declined. Special attention is paid to the problem of constructing ethnic boundaries of the group by the local population and by the deported Kalmyks. Moreover, the stigmatization of Kalmyks and the influence of external forces on the cohesion of the group are discussed. Contrary to the view that such a dependence is always directly proportional to external pressure, the study shows that this trend does not always hold: Kalmyks were resettled so dispersedly and lived through such hardship that stigmatization did not allow group cohesion to develop. Relying on “local voices”, the article discusses the complexity of ethnic identification based on constructivist views on the nature of ethnicity as a way of organizing cultural differences. To convey the voices of the older generation “in person” is a fundamental authorial position for the researcher. The article was written based on field materials from the “Everyone Has Their Own Siberia” project — a collection of spontaneous oral interviews that the author compiled in 2002–2004 and 2016–2018 in Kalmykia and Moscow, supplemented by published memoirs of Kalmyks about life in Siberia.
A Review of P. LOZOVYUK, A. PRIGARIN, A.O., ETNOLOGIYA ODESSY V ISTORICHESKOY I SOVREMENNOY PERSPEKTIVAKH [THE ETHNOLOGY OF ODESSA FROM HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY PERSРECTIVES]. Odessa: Irbis, 2017, 387 pp.
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences, Buchatskaja Julia , Ermolin Denis ,   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2021

The reviewed monograph is devoted to the ethnology of Odessa in the broadest sense — from the stages of the formation of individual districts of the city and the image of Odessa in fiction, the press and memoirs, to various aspects of contemporary urban life, such as the functioning of markets, festive culture, the virtual image of the city, or the everyday life of sailors’ wives. The authors of the monograph primarily aim to examine the formation and stages of the evolution of Odessa as a multifaceted city with emphasis on certain subjects of urban everyday life. In the opinion of the reviewers, however, there is practically no analysis of urban spaces in the monograph, in spite of the “successful urbanistic model” of Odessa proposed by the authors. It is also important to emphasize that — with the existing insider knowledge and experience of living in Odessa — the authors of the monograph under review did not fully problematize the described social and cultural reality and the range of modern problems that the city and its inhabitants face with varying degrees of intensity. They thus remain within the comfortable captivity of the so-called “Odessa” myth and, to some extent, end up reproducing rather than deconstructing it through the theoretical tools and methods at their disposal.
ELENA VLADIMIROVNA DUSHECHKINA (MAY 1, 1941 — SEPTEMBER 21, 2020)
Authors:   European University at St Petersburg, Lurie Mikhail
Published: January 2021

Obituary of the outstanding philologist and cultural historian Elena Vladimirovna Dushechkina.
Relevancy of foreign employment in the present context of Nepal
Authors: Joshi Uttam Lal
Published: January 2021

There is more charm on foreign employment since decades. Due to lack of employment opportunities in public and private sectors, Nepali people are motivated to go foreign countries for job opportunities. Handsome salaries, respected life, relief from poverty and fulfillment of needs – these are the common motivators that lead people for foreign employment. This can be right in one aspect but there are a lot of evidences and scenarios that show foreign employment is not so easier and fruitful as it is thought. Foreign employees have to face many more difficulties and obstacles in foreign countries that one will explain after his return to home country. So the income from their hard labor must be utilized in proper sectors. Various data in this study show the foreign employment is not so safe. Here, the time series data from 2002/03 to 2019 are taken for the study of the relationship between remittance and investment. The regression analysis with P-value 0.000 at 5% significant level (α= 0.05) which shows that the remittance from foreign employment has been used in investment anyway. It will help to find the productivity, relevance and proper use of the income from foreign employment.
Formalerschließung trotz COVID-19 – (wie) geht das? Einschränkungen und Lösungsansätze
Authors: Schubert Bernhard
Published: January 2021

Die formale Erschließung von Ressourcen als eine der bibliothekarischen Kerntätigkeiten schlechthin ist in der Krise, und zwar nicht erst seit Corona. Welche zusätzlichen Erschwernisse die Pandemie für die Tätigkeit birgt, und welche niederschwelligen Maßnahmen denkbar sind, um diesen zu begegnen, ist Gegenstand dieses Aufsatzes.