bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forest Biodiversity of Basitchay State Nature Reserve
Authors: Mammadov T. , Bagirova S. , Hasanova M. , Ahmadova A.
Published: February 2022

The study analyzed the natural plant species of the Basitchay State Nature Reserve, located in the south of the Lesser Caucasus (Zangelan District), the population status of plants in the areas, the taxonomic composition of trees, shrubs and grasses. To this end, the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Institute of Dendrology of Azerbaijan NAS got acquainted with the current situation in the district. During the monitoring, satellite images, GPS coordinates, etc. were used. Soil samples brought from the site were examined for 14 indicators of the mineral composition using Palintest equipment, soil sets 400. Quercus iberica grows in the forest cover of the mountainous part of the region and Carpinus caucasica, 2 types of junipers: Juniperus foetidissima, J. depressa Stev. and hybrid, there are Pistacia mutica, sorbus, mulberry, willow, poplar, hawthorn, foxglove, mountain xerophilous plants, shrubs, blackthorn, etc. Q. araxina, Celtis caucasica Willd., Carpinus orentalis, Pistacia mutica, Acer iberica grow on dry stony slopes, Ulmus araxina Takht. = U. minor Mill. Pyrus salicifolia forms woodlands with juniper. Such forests are characterized by xerophytic shrubs: Atraphaxis spinosa, Lonicera iberica, Cerasus microcarpa, Ephedra intermedia Schrenk. et. Camei, Rhamnus pallasii and Paliurus spina-christi. As a result, 27 species of trees, 18 shrubs and 11 species of herbs have been registered in the Basitchai State Nature Reserve. Of these species, 17 rare, endangered trees, 3 shrubs, 3 grass species, 6 trees and 2 shrubs of relict and endemic species have been identified.
Separation of Pd(II) and Zn(II) by Solvent Extraction using Commercial Extractants from Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Solution of Cemented Pd from Spent Electroplating Solutions
Authors: Song Si Jeong , Nguyen Viet Nhan Hoa , Lee Man Seung
Published: February 2022

The demand for palladium (Pd) has increased and this has made it necessary to recover pure Pd from diverse secondary resources. To recover the small amount of Pd(II) present in spent electroplating solutions, Pd(II) is concentrated by cementation with zinc metal. In this work, a hydrometallurgical process consisting of leaching and solvent extraction was developed to recover Pd from the cemented Pd. The extraction behavior of Pd(II) and Zn(II) from synthetic HCl solution by commercial extractants such as LIX 63, Cyanex301, DOS, TBP, Alamin 308, Alamine 336 and Aliquat 336 was investigated by varying HCl concentration. The results showed that LIX 63, Cyanex 301 and DOS selectively extracted Pd(II) over Zn(II). These three extractants were employed to separate Pd(II) and Zn(II) from actual leaching solutions with cemented Pd using a mixture of 7.0 M HCl and 0.5% M H2O2 with 2 g/L pulp density at 60oC for 120 min. Cyanex 301 and DOS selectively extracted Pd(II) over Zn(II) from the leaching solution, while a small amount of Zn(II) was co-extracted with Pd(II) by LIX 63. A two stage counter-current extraction of actual leaching solution with LIX 63 resulted in the co-extraction of Zn(II) with Pd(II). The complete stripping of Pd(II) from the loaded Cyanex301 was achieved using either diluted aqua regia or a mixed solution of 5 M HCl and 0.5% NaClO at an A/O ratio of ten. The hydrometallurgical process is proposed to recover a pure Pd(II) solution from cemented Pd.
Characteristics of Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Composites to Reinforce Hydrogen Storage Applications
Authors: Kim Dong-Young , Park Sung-Hoon
Published: February 2022

Recent studies have extensively studied the use of composites of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dispersed in epoxy resin to mechanically reinforce hydrogen storage and lightweight vehicle applications. The mechanical properties of the composite are strengthened due to load transfer from the epoxy matrix to the CNTs when an external force is generated. However, there is a limit to the level of reinforcement that can be achieved by simply dispersing CNTs in the epoxy polymer. In this study, a composite was prepared by dispersing functionalized CNTs with carboxyl groups, which formed covalent bonds with the epoxy resin (EPON 862). The covalent bonding improved the load transfer from the epoxy resin to the CNTs, which increased the Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the composite. In addition, the interfacial interaction and adhesion between the matrix and the filler were improved by the covalent bonding, thereby improving the degree of dispersion. The changes in elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength according to the nanofiller content and the presence of the functional groups in the MWCNT were observed, and exhibited consistent values.
Photothermal and optoacoustic spectroscopy: state of the art and prospects
Authors: Proskurnin M A , Khabibullin V R , Usoltseva L O , Vyrko E A , Mikheev I V , Volkov D S
Published: February 2022

The main issues and areas of application of photothermal and optoacoustic spectroscopy are reviewed. Progress in innovative techniques in the most actively developing areas is presented, including microspectroscopy, multispectral techniques, the measurements of single particles and objects with a resolution better than the diffraction limit (nanoscopy) by both optical and probe-based methods. Possible applications of photothermal and optoacoustic spectroscopy for determining the properties of materials, studying photochemistry and fluorescence, chemical reactions, and analytical and applied chemistry, and solving biomedical problems is discussed. Some prospects for the development of these methods are presented.
AXIOLOGICAL MODELS OF EDUCATIONIN THE CONTEXT OF ITS CONTINUITY
Authors:   Russian University of Transport MIIT (RUT MIIT), Moscow, Russian Federation, TOPCHY ALEXANDER
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study. The article discusses various axiological models of education in the aspect of ensuring the continuity of the educational process. Education is analyzed as a process that combines organizational, process and resultant components. The aim of the study is to identify and substantiate educational models from the point of view of value bases. This is due to the need to choose a specific model or a combination of them, depending on social conditions and institutional factors. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion that at present it is advisable to define a number of axiological educational models, each of which is based on certain value ideas about the images of the ideal personality of students: the traditional Christian image, the image based on socio-pedagogical determinism; the image based on natural determinism; the humanistic image. The philosophical-axiological approach allows us to distinguish four axiological models of education: theocentric, sociocentric, nature-centric and anthropocentric. The choice of a particular model is determined by the ideological orientation of the subject of the learning process, the specific historical conditions of the development of society, the state's requests for educational results, personal and professional qualities of students. The author concludes that there is a need for a differentiated approach to the definition of a specific axiological model of education, which will be more effective if it is enriched with elements of other models.
NEW MEDIA IN THE DIGITAL REALITY
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Institute of Socio-Political Research - Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Moscow, the Russian Federation, ILYICHEVA MARIA
Published: February 2022

The article examines the problem of the dependence of the articulation of civil society interests and their satisfaction on the quality of non-state media, their development, the degree of independence. Now that something has caught on electronic information and communication technologies (ICT), traditional media began to seek for their niche in the digital reality, and now almost all of them have analogues in the latter. At the same time, the digital reality itself has led to the emergence of new media and communication channels, which have become to a certain extent competitors for traditional media. The emergence of digital ICT has led not only to a change in the technologic aspect of the media functioning, but also to their content changes (the emergence of new forms, styles of material presentation, for example, infotainment, etc.). The goal of the research is to uncover by means of politological analysis the prerequisites for the formation, forms and role of new media, their correlation with traditional media, as well as to uncover trends in the development of new media and traditional media in the digital reality. The results achieved: 1. The prerequisites for the formation, forms and role of new media (including in influencing on civil society) in the digital reality are uncovered. 2. The correlation of new media with traditional media is determined from the legal viewpoint, as well as from the point of view of theoretic understanding. 3. Public-opinion polls showing a fairly high level of trust and positive assessment of the role of the media in the modern life of society are analyzed. 4. The results of ratings indicating the great potential of traditional media in the Network are analyzed. 5. The advantages and risks of using the Network for traditional media and new media are determined. 6. Changes and trends in the development of new media and traditional media in the digital reality are identified.
DOMESTIC POLITICAL PARTIES ON THE STATE STRUCTURE OF RUSSIA IN THE PRE-OCTOBER PERIOD
Authors:   Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Rossia, SCHULZHENKO YURY
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the research. The choice of this topic is due to the fact that the issues of the state structure of Russia are constantly the subject of close attention of scientists. This is mainly due to the fact that there is a huge practical experience here, when virtually every period of Russian history represented something bright and new. These issues are the subject of close attention not only of domestic, but also of foreign scientists (Emons T., Thatcher I., etc.). The article is devoted to the analysis of the positions of all-Russian, national political parties in our country in the second half of the 90s of the XIX century. - October 1917. on the state structure of Russia. This period was filled with a number of important events that had a fundamental impact on them. For example, the economic renewal of the country in the capitalist direction, with an acute struggle against the remnants of serfdom; the Russian-Japanese War; the First World War; two bourgeois-democratic, one socialist revolutions; the transition from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy, a bourgeois republic, a Soviet republic; the emergence of various political parties. Results. The conclusion is presented that the overwhelming majority of all-Russian parties, the majority of national parties were supporters of a single, unitary state. Few people supported the federation, and even then very limited, carefully. Based on this, the position of almost all parties in relation to autonomy was also built. It was actually supported only in Finland, but with the emphasis on maintaining strong ties with Russia. Views on self-government, for or against, were actually equally divided. The evidence here, in particular, is that the program documents of seven of the 16 largest all-Russian parties do not actually contain any provisions on self-government. It is also important to conclude that the positions of the parties on the state structure have changed. Especially noted is the RSDLP, which after the October Revolution of 1917 became the leading, ruling party in our country, and chose for it a federal form of government. As you know, until February 1917 it advocated the right of nations to self-determination, a unitary form of Government, and broad self-government. Since February 1917, a clear course for the federation has been taken. First of all, three main scientific methods were used: dogmatic, historical, and comparative. The article is of interest to lawyers and historians-theorists and practitioners, and all those who are interested in Russian history.
CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS: DISCUSSION ISSUES
Authors:   University. M. V. Lomonosov, Russia, Moscow, SEREBRENNIKOVA ANNA
Published: February 2022

This article presents the author's research on the topical problem of qualification of crimes committed by medical workers. The author has formulated a number of proposals aimed at the comprehensive improvement of the criminal law and for effective enforcement. This work aims to study the issue of criteria for quality medical care and solving the problem of increasing the effectiveness of Russian legislation on liability for crimes committed by medical workers. Methodology and methods: the article uses the comparative legal research method, as well as the method of interpreting legal norms, which make it possible to better comprehend the institutions of criminal law and determine the main directions of their development. Conclusions: the problem of the presence of imperfections in the current legislation is relevant for study. Auto draws the attention of the scientific community to the fact that in this area there is still no clear idea of what is meant by quality medical care (service), as well as the necessary differentiation between deliberate and careless harm caused by the provision of medical care. Also, the author points to the lack of specificity of the concept of "medical error", as well as the lack of parameters for determining the legal personality for this type of employee. Scope of the results: this article may be of interest to students of higher educational institutions: bachelors, undergraduates, graduate students who study this area of criminal law, as well as this material may be of interest to teachers of law universities, can be used as a guide for the preparation of practical and seminars.
THE RATIO OF VOLUNTARY AND MANDATORY USE OF STANDARDS IN FORENSIC ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of Russian Ministry of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation, CHESNOKOVA ELENA
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this paper is to study the legislation on standardization in the Russian Federation, the provisions of international and national standards to consider the categories of «voluntary» and «mandatory» application of standards in various aspects in relation to forensic activities. An important issue for the study is to determine the conditions for the transition of a voluntary standard to the status of mandatory for a specific accredited forensic expert organization, as well as the levels of obligation within the applicable international standard GOST ISO/IEC 17025-2019 «General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories». In the course of the study, the following conclusions were formulated. The mandatory application of standards is directly implemented through legislative approval. However, with the initial voluntary application, their provisions may become mandatory for a particular forensic laboratory, provided that it passes the accreditation procedure or in accordance with the terms of the contract with the forensic organization.
THE CIS MODEL LAW "ON PARALYMPIC SPORTS" AS A PREREQUISITE FOR THE LEGAL REGULATION OF THE PROTECTION OF PARALYMPIC ATHLETES
Authors:   Moscow State University of Humanities and Economics, BAYRAMOV FAID
Published: February 2022

The purpose and objectives. The main goal is to review the structure and content of the CIS Model Law "On Paralympic Sports", to identify the prerequisites for international legal regulation of the protection of Paralympic athletes. Methodological approach. The main methods in the work are general scientific methods and private scientific methods of cognition, among which the main one is the method of legal interpretation. Results and conclusions. The article analyzes the Model Law of the CIS "On Paralympic Sports", provides an interpretation of the main concepts in the field of Paralympic sports in the aspect of their legal status, examines the legal relations in the field of Paralympic sports between various legal entities. Originality and value it focuses on the issues of international legal regulation of the Paralympic movement at the level of the CIS-a regional international organization, and considers the Model law "On Paralympic Sport" as a universal, model law intended for all countries of the CIS, and is a model for national similar laws of legal regulation of the Paralympic movement.
THE PROBLEM OF VALUE AND ETHICAL GUIDELINES IN A DIGITAL SOCIETY
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow state university, Moscow, Russian Federation, DEVYATOVA SVETLANA , KAZARYAN VALENTINA
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the article is to identify the moral values that underlie human behavior and activity in modern culture, to show the significance of moral Maxim - «be responsible for your actions» and to justify the inevitability of the approval of this norm. A society that actively develops and uses modern technologies is now commonly referred to as a digital society. Within its framework, there is a transformation of culture, the formation of a new environment of human existence, which significantly affect the style and orientation of human life. In the process of introducing modern technologies into the life of humanity, the values that ultimately guide technology become increasingly important. For representatives of the consumer society formed in recent decades, orientations on utilitarianism and hedonism have become increasingly popular. In the sphere of moral values, emotivist attitudes that practically deny the universality of ethical norms are widely spread. In the sphere of moral values, emotivist attitudes that practically deny the universality of ethical norms are widely spread. New technologies (especially information and communication) provide ethical standards. New technologies (especially information and communication technologies) provide tremendous opportunities for their promotion. However, such values increase the risk of dehumanization of the individual, destruction of the fundamental components of society, and even destruction of the ecosystem, of which the person himself is a part. This problem is extremely relevant and is the subject of active discussion and research in various fields. It is no accident that along with individual and social ethics, environmental ethics and bioethics, computer and information ethics have appeared. The growth of technology capabilities significantly increases the responsibility of users at all levels-from individuals to multinational corporations. The ethics of responsibility transforms moral principles from abstract and speculative ideas about good and evil into a material and practical tool for activities that affect the interests of all humanity and the world around it to a greater or lesser extent. It should help to overcome the dominance of hedonistic, utilitarian and emotivist attitudes in human life orientations and activities, allowing him to fully use the achievements of digital culture in order to improve the individual, society and nature.
ABOUT THE SYSTEM OF THE PATTERNS OF CRIMINAL LAW
Authors:   Center for Justice Research of the Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation, ANDRIANOV VLADIMIR
Published: February 2022

Statement of the problem. According to philosophy, the origin, development, functioning and structural construction of any phenomenon are based on their own objective patterns. The legal system, as well as other existing phenomena, has the corresponding patterns. Study of the patterns is the main task, the ultimate goal of any science, including the criminal law. Since in the patterns content of law is revealed most deeply, they directly express the essence of law, the internal logic of legal reality. Insofar as it is impossible to ensure the adequacy, consistency and stability of criminal legislation, if we do not take into account the laws of criminal law. However, for the effective functioning of criminal law, it is necessary to take into account not only the specific patterns of criminal law itself, but, first of all, to ensure compliance of criminal law regulation with the mechanism of action of objective laws in protected spheres of public relations, as well as to take into account the social and psychological laws of the mechanism of criminal law impact. Objectives of the article. This article is devoted to the analysis of patterns of varying degrees of generality, operating in criminal law. Conclusions. In the course of the study, we have identified and formulated the patterns of the criminal law system that consists of special, general legal, social, systemic and universal patterns.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SITUATIONAL CENTERS IN THE SYSTEM OF ENSURING NATIONAL SECURITY AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL
Authors:   Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, BALAEVA JAMILYA , ZHUKOV AZAMAT ,   North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Studies (branch) of University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Krasnodar, Russian Federation
Published: February 2022

The article discusses issues of ensuring national security through the use of the Institute of Situational Centers at the Regional Level. Situational centers act as a modern and information and technical tool for ensuring a high level of national security at the regional level. Currently, there is a sharp complication of the international situation, the exacerbation of interstate, inter-ethnic, religious problems, as well as a large amount of information necessary for making management decisions at the strategic level. Situational centers are designed to solve these problems in the management of the country and form a new approach in managing the National Security System. The effectiveness of the functioning of situational centers in the national security system causes certain doubts associated with the imperfection of functioning at the initial stage of formation. These circumstances make it possible to approve the relevance of the studied question. The purpose of this article is to determine the role of situational centers in the system of ensuring national security at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
CYBERGAMBLING: CONCEPT, REASONS AND CONDITIONS (CRIMINOLOGICAL ASPECTS)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, SEREBRENNIKOVA ANNA
Published: February 2022

The author aims to conduct a study of the criminological characteristics of such a negative social phenomenon as cyber gambling. This social phenomenon was not chosen by chance as the object of research, it represents the most negative of all forms of addiction to computer games (including gambling). The purpose of the article: To reveal the concept of cybergambling from the standpoint of criminology, to highlight its main features, to identify the social groups most susceptible to this form of addiction. Methodology and methods: for the purposes of this article, the author has applied a wide range of general and specific scientific research methods. Including, along with analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, were used the comparative legal method, as well as the method of interpreting legal norms. Conclusions: summarizing the causes and conditions of negative social consequences arising from gambling addiction, the author identifies several groups of determinants and reveals their essence. As a result of the study, conclusions and general recommendations are formulated to eliminate the causes and conditions for committing crimes related to illegal gambling.
THE PROBLEM OF THE HISTORICAL PATH OF RUSSIA IN THEORY AND POLITICS
Authors:   National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, Russian Federation, DOLENKO DMITRY , MAKSHAEVA EVGENIA , MALCHENKOV STANISLAV
Published: February 2022

Objective. The main goal of this work is to analyze the main conceptual approaches to the problem of the historical path of Russia both in the field of theory and in official politics. This problem has been central in the domestic political and socio-philosophical discourse for many centuries. In recent years, there has been a noticeable interest in this topic by foreign authors, including A. Lynch, С. Miller, K.J. Mjor, A. Segrillo. Conclusions. In domestic science, there are three main conceptual approaches to the problem of the historical path of Russia: A universal (main) path, a unique (distinctive) path and an integral path. All these approaches at different historical stages of the development of the Russian state to a certain extent influenced state policy. The strongest influence on politics was exerted by the Marxist-Leninist concept of the transition from capitalism to socialism, which was viewed as the path of human development. The radical political and economic reforms of the 1990s were accompanied by a change in the concept of the main path: The path to democracy and a market economy was considered as such. The new concept at the political level combined universal human values and Russian traditions. As a result, reforms aimed at the transition to democracy and a market economy were accompanied by a change in the concept of the main path of humanity and the recognition of the need for Russia to accept universal human values while preserving domestic traditions. Originality/value. The paper attempts to compare three possible ways of Russia's development and to trace the mechanisms of their implementation in practical politics.
CIVIL NATION AND ETHNIC IDENTITY: ON THE QUESTION OF THE “ESSENCE OF THE RUSSIAN NATION”
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Belgorod, Russian Federation, MALTSEV KONSTANTIN , ALAVERDYAN ARTEM
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the article is to reveal the importance of embedding «Russian national identity» in the normative distinction between civil nations and ethnic nations, which has been carried out in Western social studies for more than seventy years. This presupposes the study of the way of representing the nation in the horizon defined by “liberal metaphysics” (K. Schmitt) - in the liberal version of the economic paradigm of the political (J. Agamben’s term). The research method is a philosophical interpretation, which makes it possible to demonstrate the “foundations” (axioms, dogmas, principles, imperatives) that determine the way of presentation, perspectives and conclusions as necessary - for an objective scientific study of nations and national identities, the object of research of which in the presentation is as a given. It is established that a civil nation is a project for which «historiographic recalculation» (M. Heidegger) is a way of combining the reality of a concept and reality; a civil nation as an association based on civic loyalty is reduced to the free self-determination of an autonomous individual-citizen, which necessarily considers any “remnants of naturalness” as invalid, illegal and morally disqualified as “evil” - such a “remnant” is recognized as ethnicity: the methodologically inadmissible confusion of “attribution to value” and “evaluation” is based on the idea. The conclusion is drawn: “civil nation”, being a theoretical concept, is at the same time a political project and is used as an instrument of ideological influence: qualification as an “ethnic nation” singles out the object as a “political enemy” that needs to be removed - “Russian national identity” as European and ethnic is, in consequence of what has been said, a “paradigm case”.
MISSIONARY ACTIVITY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE WESTERN TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES
Authors:   Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs (VLSU), Vladimir, Russian Federation, MARKOVA NATALIA , PENKINA SVETLANA
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of some aspects of missionary activity of the Catholic Church on the Western Territory of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Being a natural and necessary process from Christianity’s point of view, missionary work, solved one of the most important tasks - to attract new supporters to the Christian church. Missionary work of the Catholic Church was quite successful and effective in XIX-XX centuries and the Orthodox Church and Russian government recognized this fact. However, on the territory of Russia, missionary work was available and officially allowed only to the Orthodox Church, which was the predominant and dominant in the territory of the Russian Empire according to the legislation of the 19th century. Recognizing the effectiveness of the influence of Catholic priests on the Orthodox population of Russia, the spiritual and state authorities have developed measures aimed at strengthening the role of Orthodoxy and weakening the influence of non-Orthodox confessions, in particular, the Catholic one, on the territory of the Russian Empire. First of all, it was about the Western Territory, which remained under the strong influence of the Catholic Church after accession of territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Proselytism of the Catholic Church on the territory of the Russian Empire was directed not only at the Orthodox population of the Western Territory, but also at Uniatism, which was considered by Catholics and the Orthodox Church as a transitional stage for the adoption of Catholicism.
THE RUSSIAN WORLD AS THE TRADITIONAL BASIS OF THE SPIRITUAL CULTURE OF SOCIETY
Authors:   Center for Humanities Education, Autonomous Non-profit Organization of Higher Education “Humanitarian Institute”, Moscow, Russian Federation, TEPLYKH NIKITA
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the research. The article deals with the origin and development of Russian civilization in the context of the evolution of the spiritual foundations of the Russian world. The author of the article considers the genetic aspects of the formation of the Russian ethno-cultural community as a society developing from the Byzantine and Eastern European origins. The author’s approach in this study is aimed at analyzing the specifics of the institutionalization of the value-cultural dominants of the “Russian world” as a spiritually oriented society of Eurasia, combining the Byzantine, Westernizing and orientalist foundations of social creation. In the modern dynamically changing geocultural space, this is necessary, since it is important to take into account the above-mentioned circumstances of the formation of the Russian society and its cultural and spiritual basis (the Russian world) as a constant indicative constant of the existence of Russians. Results. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that many algorithms of social development of the Russian society in the context of the actualization of the spiritual and cultural foundations of the «Russian world» represent a meaningful potential for balancing modern crisis phenomena of the spiritual plane. The concept of the «Russian world» represents significant trends in the development and complication of the forms of social life of modern man as a factor that stabilizes the spiritual and cultural part of the sociosphere.
DEMOGRAPHIC CHALLENGES AND RISKS: THEIR SOCIO-POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES IN THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT
Authors:   Institute of Socio-Political research - Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPR FCTAS RAS), Moscow, Russian Federation, AVDOI JONI
Published: February 2022

The article examines the problem of the priority of preserving and increasing the resident population of the Far East due to demographic challenges and risks of negative political consequences in connection with the increasing trend of depopulation of the territories of the Far Eastern Federal District and the threat of loss of national sovereignty. The author identifies significant challenges of a demographic nature. The purpose of the study is to identify demographic challenges and risks using the means of political science analysis: their socio-political consequences in the Far Eastern Federal District. Achieved results: 1) using the author’s definition of socio-political reality as a potential and actualized political being, the understanding of the peculiarities of socio-political reality in the Far Eastern Federal District as its subregional variety, formed under the influence of certain challenges and risks, and at the same time generating new ones that can pose threats to national security, is revealed; 2) justified the priority of preserving and increasing the resident population of the Far East due to demographic challenges and risks of negative political consequences in connection with the increasing trend of depopulation of the territories of the Far Eastern Federal District and the threat of loss of national sovereignty; 3) significant demographic challenges identified.
GLOBAL POLITICAL AGENDA OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN AGRICULTURAL LAND USE AMID MOUNTING GLOBAL CHALLENGES
Authors:   Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russian Federation, ORLOVA IRINA , SUKHAREV ARTEM
Published: February 2022

Objective. The article aims to identify the impact of the pandemic (COVID-19) on the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Program. The program contains an attempt to coordinate the actions of the world community in the fight against global problems. The important aspects of human activity is agricultural land use. Experts believe that modern land use leads to even more pollution of the environment. The anthropogenic factor increases its influence. Population growth requires the intensification of agriculture to solve the problem of hunger on Earth. But, intensive forms of agricultural land use lead to a violation of the eco-balance. Methodology. The authors employ a systemic interdisciplinary approach, in the perspective to economy and political science, and drawing from discourse, context, and semantic analysis. The main data sources include, among many others, UN FAO and the Russian Statistics Service. Results. As a universal shock, the COVID-19 pandemic affected the agreements by the global elite. Treaties and arrangements aimed at sustainable global development turned counterproductive, with the viral and some other challenges drastically reducing the levels of cooperation. The pandemic has shifted the focus of national governments into playing ahead of the curve, and these actions are set to continue hindering the efficiency of solving worldwide problems. The authors argue that the global elite should apply some effort to streamlining such negative externalities. Scientific novelty. The authors substantiate their assumptions of the impossibility of solving the issue of anthropogenic influence if not connected with forecasted levels of population and life support technologies, an integral part being political agendas set by national governments.
ON ELEVATING THE STATUS OF THE FEDERATION COUNCIL FEDERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Moscow Financial and Industrial University ", EGOROV KONSTANTIN ,   Synergy",   , Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the research. The article describes the relationship between the chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, as well as the current legislation regarding adopting federal laws. The article reveals the problem of relations between the two chambers of the Russian parliament, expressed in the lowering of the status of the Federation Council, as the chamber of the Russian parliament, consolidating and representing the interests of the subjects of Russia at the federal level. The decorative veto right of the Federation Council when considering federal laws adopted by the State Duma is analyzed. The aim of the study is toelevatethe status of the Federation Council by establishing and identifying a possible option for reforming the current legislation, under which the Federation Council will receive a full-fledged veto right. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the position of representatives of the regions when considering federal laws is no less important than the position of representatives of political parties, while the lack of a full veto right from the Federation Council when considering federal laws adopted by the State Duma diminishes the status of the upper house of the Russian parliament. The author concludes that there is a tendency to elevate the status of the upper chamber of the Russian parliament considers it necessary to amend the current legislation and proposes a specific version of such a change that will increase the status of the Federation Council.
INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT OVER THE BLACK SEA
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation, YAN LIU
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study is to determine the formal and informal practices of resolving conflicts between the Russian Federation and Ukraine over the use of the Black Sea water area. In this article, the author analyzed the problems of organizational forms for the settlement of Russian-Ukrainian claims over the Black Sea. The article assesses the effectiveness of the use of old institutions and the search vector for new non-institutional forms. The author substantiates his conclusions on the example of an armed incident near the Kerch Strait in 2018. Results. Against the background of the low institutional development of bilateral relations, the Russian Federation actually fulfilled certain requirements of Ukraine, which did not refuse to consider complaints and claims in international instances. Russian-Ukrainian conflicts are institutionalized and rationalized. Since there is no reciprocal initiative of the Russian authorities, Ukraine insists on holding forced negotiations on the basis of the current UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. This is hampered by the current bilateral Treaty between the Russian Federation and Ukraine on cooperation in the use of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait in 2003.
ECONOMIC AND LEGAL MECHANISMS TO GUARANTEE THE RUSSIA’S FOOD INDEPENDENCE: PRC EXPERIENCE (HISTORY AND PRESENT TIME)
Authors:   Saint Petersburg University of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, BELKHAROEV HADZHIMURAD
Published: February 2022

The article reveals the problems of ensuring food independence of Russia, studies a wide range of social, demographic, environmental and economic factors that are influenced by food security, which is central to the national security system. The experience of the People’s Republic of China in ensuring food security has been studied. It is revealed that the violation of safety in the production cycle of food products and raw materials in some countries in the context of globalization affects consumers in other countries. The main factors of globalization of the food products and services market are revealed. The animal husbandry industry has been studied (since 1915), it is shown that the animal husbandry industry is the locomotive of the development of the agricultural industry. It was recommended to increase the production of agricultural raw materials and foodstuffs, at the same time to integrate into the world food market from the standpoint of food exporters.
INVESTMENTS IN MEDICINE IN THE RUSSIAN MODEL OF HEALTHCARE FINANCING: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors:   Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, SHPINEV YURII
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the issues of financing of domestic health care. In the context of historical development, the way of formation and development of public health in Russia is shown. Based on statistical data, it is established that the situation with the financing of health care does not meet all its needs, and the annual cost of medicine per person is twice less than in the least developed European countries. A comparative analysis of the ways of financing health care in European countries is carried out, as a result of which the positive and negative aspects are highlighted in the budget model of health care, inherent in England and Sweden, and the insurance model used in most other European countries. Separately, the features of financing Russian medicine, which is expressed in the multi-channel budget-insurance model, are considered. The disadvantages of this type of financing are noted. Data on the lack of investments in healthcare, as well as the reasons for this, are presented. Investment risks in the healthcare sector are highlighted. Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of the current legislation in the field under consideration and scientific publications containing different points of view on the problem under study. General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis were used, as well as such special disciplinary methods as formal-legal, comparative-legal and historical. Conclusions. The most important task facing the industry is to increase investment activity, which can only be solved by creating favorable conditions for private investors, since taking into account the systematic economic crises and political pressure, public funds for medicine are clearly not enough. But it is necessary to solve the issues of creating favorable conditions for attracting investment in the healthcare sector by changing the system of financing domestic medicine.
ON MECHANISMS FOR PREVENTING AND RESOLVING INVESTMENT DISPUTES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE “ONE BELT, ONE ROAD” INITIATIVE
Authors:   Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, China, QIANG YUE ,   East China University of Politics and Law,   Exchange and Cooperation Center under the SCO Legal Services Commission
Published: February 2022

In recent years, the construction of the “One Belt, One Road” project has continued to develop, providing a huge market and development opportunities for the countries along this route. At the same time, investments in the countries along the “One Belt, One Road” project, in addition to general business risks, also face more serious political risks and investment and legal risks. Due to the shortcomings of existing bilateral, regional and multilateral mechanisms for preventing and resolving investment disputes, it is currently not possible to effectively prevent and resolve the risks associated with international investments by Chinese companies in countries along the “One Belt, One Road” initiative. Conclusions. The implementation of the “One Belt, One Road” Initiative is of theoretical and practical importance. Theoretical - in terms of the development of the “theory of diversified management” and the concept of “Justice and Benefit”. Practical - in terms of optimizing the business environment along the “One Belt, One Road” project, protecting the legal rights and interests of Chinese enterprises abroad and promoting the subsequent improvement of investment agreements.
Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Prevalence of violence against women complaints in India - A cross-sectional comparative research study from 2014 to 2022?
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Anupama Advocate
Published: February 2022

Violence against women is a global problem, affecting women around the world irrespective of age, races, education, ethnicity, groups, economy classes and nationalities. Sometimes in situation of disaster like covid-19 pandemic it may be a life-threatening situation for an individual woman. In India due to a huge female population, illiteracy, equity issues, gender issues, religious issues, lack of positive deviance, illiteracy, socio-economic factors, migration after marriage and in search of job from rural to urban areas, inaccessibility to seek legal help, the safety of women is of prime concern. The key aim of this observational retrospective cross-sectional comparative mixed research study is to find out impact of SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 Pandemic era on Prevalence of complaints of violence against women in India, across 36 different states and union territories from the beginning of the pandemic
Peningkatan Keterampilan Kader dalam Deteksi Dini Risiko Tinggi Kehamilan (Kaderink)
Authors: Usman Hastuti , Maineny Arie , Kuswanti Febti
Published: February 2022

Data pada tahun 2017 menunjukkan bahwa Ibu hamil yang mengalami risiko tinggi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mamboro mencapai 60 orang dari 341 ibu hamil atau sekitar 17,5% dan hanya 41,9% ibu hamil risiko tinggi yang bersedia dirujuk. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kader tentang deteksi risiko tinggi kehamilan serta meningkatnya kemampuan dalam pengisian kartu Skor Poedji Rochjati dalam rangka mendeteksi dini risiko pada ibu hamil. Mitra dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah Puskesmas Mamboro. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah ceramah, tanya jawab dan demonstrasi. Metode ceramah digunakan pada saat pemberian informasi mengenai kehamilan dengan risiko tinggi yang berdampak komplikasi ke persalinan, nifas dan bayi baru lahir. Metode demonstrasi digunakan pada saat kader diberikan soal untuk menyelesaikan kasus fiktif secara berkelompok mengenai kasus ibu hamil dengan risiko tinggi yang harus dideteksi menggunakan Kartu Skor Poedji Rochjati (KSPR). Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa dari 17 kader, sebelum diberikan penyuluhan terdapat sebanyak 41% Kader dengan Pengetahuan baik dan meningkat menjadi 71% setelah diberikan penyuluhan dan pelatihan pengisian KSPR. Penambahan pengetahuan kader sebesar 30%.