bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a biocompatible radiotherapy spacer using 3D printing and microcellular foaming process for enhanced prostate cancer treatment
Authors: Lim DongHwan , Yoon DoKun , Kim JaeHoo , Sung KiHoon , Choi YoungEun , Sheen HeeSoon , Shin Han-Back , Cha Sung Woon
Published: August 2024

In this study, a new active spacer was developed using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and microcellular foaming process to overcome the limitations of current spacers used in prostate cancer treatment. In prostate cancer treatment, a spacer is inserted between the prostate and rectum to increase the distance between the two organs so as to reduce the radiation dose to the rectum. Radiotherapy spacer is widely used in particle therapy, such as proton and carbon beams, and X-ray radiation therapies, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy and stereotactic body radiation therapy. However, existing spacers have been reported to cause significant side effects. Therefore, this study introduces a 3D printing technique using polycaprolactone to develop a spacer that provides customized treatment and minimizes side effects. This technique utilizes the volume expansion that occurs when a 3D spacer printed to fit a patient’s organs undergoes foaming through a supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2)-assisted microcellular foaming process. Additionally, the use of scCO2 allows simultaneous gas absorption and sterilization, thereby reducing the number of process steps. This study confirms the potential of the newly developed spacer to provide effective and safe radiotherapy for prostate cancer, reduce patient discomfort, and minimize rectal side effects during radiation treatment.
Mining Secondary Metabolites of Chassalia curviflora Leaves Using SIRIUS and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data
Authors: Ammar Aina Syuhada , Abdull Aziz Nur Ain Syahmina , Ab Ghani Nurunajah , Rasol Nurulfazlina Edayah
Published: August 2024

Chassalia curviflora (Wall ex Kurz.) Thwaites is a flowering plant from Rubiaceae family. Previous phytochemical investigation on Chassalia species led to the isolation of benzoic acid, benzoquinone derivatives, flavonoids, monoterpenoid indole alkaloids and its essential oil composition. However, these are still scarce in terms of its scientific report on studied species. This study was carried out to investigate fast screening of secondary metabolites by using data-dependent acquisition (DDA) LC-MS/MS analysis of methanolic extract of the leaf of the C. curviflora in positive ionization mode. The data were analysed using computational mass spectrometry method from molecular structure database search implemented in Sirius. This led in discovering of 13 known secondary metabolites from a distinct tandem MS data. De novo molecular formula annotations and predictions from SIRIUS suggested five major class compounds classified as coumarin, benzofuran, fatty acids, esters and triterpenes. Stigmasterol 12 and β-sitosterol 13 were successfully isolated, thus used to verify the data obtained from the Sirius. With our results, we advocate the MS-based approach as a useful starting method for the dereplication of compounds from the complex crude extract of plants.
Taxonomic Significance of Trichome Ultrastructure in Five Genera of Lamiaceae
Authors: Hussin Norhazila , Mohd Noor Nor Nafizah , Mohamed Fatimah
Published: August 2024

The trichome of 12 species from five problematic genera of the Lamiaceae family, comprising Petraeovitex bambusetorum, Petraeovitex membranacea, Petraeovitex wolfei, Petraeovitex scortechinii, Petraeovitex trifoliata, Peronema canescens, Congea forbesii, Congea griffithiana, Sphenodesme racemosa, Sphenodesme triflora, Sphenodesme pentandra, and Rotheca serrata was investigated under scanning electron microscope (SEM). This study aimed to assess their ultrastructure and ascertain their respective taxonomic value accordingly. Two types of glandular trichomes, specifically peltate and capitate, and three types of non-glandular trichomes, namely multicellular uniseriate, stellate, and conical were thus observed. The stellate type of non-glandular trichome was solely found in S. pentandra among the 12 studied species, while the data further demonstrated both Congea species to reflect the multicellular uniseriate structure on the respective leaf surfaces, whereas C. forbesii depicted the longest length size among others at 600 µm. In the case of P. canescens and R. serrata, both were found to be with compact trichomes on both surfaces. Going forward, new data on trichome types, distribution, and size, particularly of these 12 studied species, would provide useful guidance for infrageneric classification.
Effects of Eggshells and Wood Ashes as Organic Fertilizers on the Growth Performance of Scallions (Allium fistulosum L.)
Authors: Casinillo Leomarich F. , V. Abapo Algie Lyn , C. Martinez Sai Julianna , Milleza Khaycee R. , A. Remoto Mary Jean
Published: August 2024

This study intended to evaluate the growth of Scallions (Allium fistulosum L.) using eggshells and wood ashes as organic fertilizer. It aims to assess and determine the best possible (optimal) fertilizer material combination that is compatible with the growth performance of scallions using eggshells and wood ashes. Four different treatment combinations were considered in this study as follows: T1 (consisting of 100% garden soil), T2 (consisting of 75% garden soil, 25% wood ash), T3 (consisting of 75% garden soil and 25% eggshells) and T4 (consisting of 70% garden soil, 15% wood ash, and 15% eggshells). The height and number of leaves per experimental unit were gathered as the variable of interest. A Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was employed in this study as an experimental design under a one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The finding of the study shows that Treatment 2 (consisting of 75% garden soil, and 25% wood ash) has a small effect (p-value=0.15) on the growth performance of scallions concerning the number of leaves. Moreover, results showed that organic fertilizer treatments significantly (p-value<0.01) affected the plant height of scallions at the last of the month. In particular, scallion plants treated with wood ash mixed with eggshells as fertilizer were higher in terms of plant height. Hence, the study recommends that egg shells and wood ash are suitable fertilizers to enhance the growth performance of scallions.
ETHANOL-DIESEL AND BIODIESEL BLENDS: ENHANCING DIESEL ENGINE EFFICIENCY AND REDUCING EMISSIONS- A REVIEW
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi-110042, India, KUMAR Manish , ANSARI Naushad Ahmad ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi-110042, India, GAUTAM Raghvendra ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi-110042, India
Published: August 2024

This research explores using ethanol, biodiesel, and diesel blends in compression ignition engines to enhance efficiency and reduce environmental impact. It examines the effects of fuel composition on combustion properties, engine performance, and emissions. Findings indicate that while ethanol can improve combustion, it may reduce power output and increase emissions of pollutants like HC and NOx. The study highlights the complexity of optimising fuel blends influenced by engine parameters and injection conditions. Despite challenges, blends show promise in reducing emissions like CO and PM, offering cleaner alternatives for diesel engines and aiding in environmental conservation.
Ergebnis der Überarbeitung der VDI 3786-21 zur Bestimmung der Verdunstung/Results of the adaptation of the evaporation guideline VDI 3786-1
Authors: Foken Thomas , Goldberg Valeri , Einfalt Thomas , Waas Stefan
Published: August 2024

Die Ergebnisse der Anpassung der Verdunstungsrichtlinie VDI 3786-21 an den Klimawandel werden vorgestellt. Die Richtlinie konzentriert sich auf physikalisch basierte Modelle wie das nach Penman-Monteith. Generell wird auf die Behandlung empirischer Verfahren verzichtet, deren Parameter durch den Klimawandel für Deutschland die Gültigkeit verloren haben. Anwender werden auf numerische Produkte verwiesen, die u. a. der Deutsche Wetterdienst in hoher zeitlicher und räumlicher Auflösung zur Verfügung stellt. Es wird weiterhin auf die Überbestimmung der Verdunstung bei Dürre bei einigen Messverfahren und der FAO-Gras-Referenz-Verdunstung (FAO: Ernährungs- und Landwirtschaftsorganisation der Vereinten Nationen) verwiesen.
Sanatın İyileştirici Gücü 1 Farklı Bakış Açılarıyla Sanat ve İyi Oluş
Authors: Mazmanoğlu Ela , Aluç Nagihan , Kütahyalıoğlu Nesibe Sümeyye , Özsavran Musa , Alkış Şenol Tuğçe , Alpaslan Sinem , Parsıl Ümit , Yalçın Burhan , Kılıç Ahmet Göktuğ , Yönyol Abdulmusa , Davun Banu
Published: August 2024

Sanat Terapisinin Travma Tedavisindeki Rolü ve Rezilyan
Ela MAZMANOGLU
Somatizasyon Bozukluğunda Psikodrama ve Sanat Terapi Yöntemlerinin Gücü
Nagihan ALUÇ
Sanatın İyileştirici Gücününün Pediatri Hemşireliğine Entegrasyonu
Nesibe Sümeyye KÜTAHYALIOĞLU
Engelli Çocukların Annelerinin Psikolojik İyileşme Yolculuğuna Sanatın Katkısı
Musa ÖZSAVRAN
Görsel Sanatlar Terapisinde Biçimsel İfade Aracı Olarak Nörografik Etkiler
Tuğçe ŞENOL
Ortadoğu’dan Bir Kadın: Marjane Satrapi ve Animasyona Dönüşümü Bakımından Persepolis
Sinem ALPASLAN
Psikopatolojinin Sanat Yaratımlarına Etkisi: Louis Wain Örneklemi
Ümit PARSIL
Burhan YALÇIN
Psikanalizde Biçim Sembol ve Renk: Mark Rothko Sanatının Derinlikleri
Ahmet Göktuğ KILIÇ
Abdulmusa YÖNYOL
Devlet Koruması Altındaki Çocukların Sanatla Terapisi
Banu DAVUN
CONTROLE DE SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA PELO TRATAMENTO DE SEMENTES, HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO E PREDAÇÃO POR CHRYSOPERLA EXTERNA (NEUROPTERA CHRYSOPIDAE): CONTROLE DE SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA
Authors: Borges Layane Ferreira , Herrera Jorge Iván Jaramillo , Alves Régis Ricco , Antônio Pimenta Menezes Marcos , Fernandes Maria Elisa de Sena , Sairre Lício Pena , Lusimar José Eugênio , Fernandes Flávio Lemes
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a mortalidade de Spodoptera frugiperda por tratamento de sementes (TS), híbridos de milho e avaliar o potencial de predação dessa praga por Chrysoperla externa. Métodos: Três bioensaios foram realizados: suscetibilidade de lagartas de S. frugiperda neonatas pelo tratamento de sementes e híbridos de milho; suscetbilidade de lagartas de S. frugiperda de 4°/5° ínstar pelo tratamento de sementes e híbridos de milho, predação de ovos de Anagasta kuehniella, ovos e lagartas de S. frugiperda por C. externa. Resultados: As curvas de sobrevivência foram estimadas pelo método de Kaplan-Meier. Os resultados mostraram que o número de lagartas mortas pelo TS e híbridos de milho reduziu com o decorrer dos dias após a emergência, devido à redução da concentração de clorantraniliprole e das proteínas Bt. Conclusão: Larvas de C. externa consumiram maiores quantidades de ovos e lagartas de S. frugiperda do que ovos de A. kuehniella. A alimentação com ovos de S. frugiperda proporcionaram maior sobrevivência e menor período larval para C. externa.
Programa de aquisição de alimentos e segurança alimentar : modelo lógico, resultados e desafios de uma política pública voltada ao fortalecimento da agricultura familiar
Authors: Sambuichi Regina Helena Rosa , Kaminsk Ricardo da Silva , Perin Gabriela , Moura Iracema Ferreira de , Januário Elisângela Sanches , Mendonça Danilo Barbosa , Almeida Ana Flávia Cordeiro Souza de
Published: August 2024

O Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) foi instituído em 2003, no contexto da agenda política, que se caracterizou pelo combate à fome, a qual viria a resultar, posteriormente, na institucionalização do Sistema Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (Sisan), em 2006, e da Política Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (PNSAN), em 2010. Este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer análise do PAA, modalidade de compra com doação simultânea (CDS), com a elaboração do modelo lógico que explicita a teoria subjacente a essa modalidade de compra e a revisão dos resultados obtidos nos estudos realizados sobre esta. O estudo baseou-se em análise documental de conteúdo com uso do programa ATLAS.ti e revisão de literatura. O modelo elaborado permitiu sintetizar as referências básicas do programa, incluindo os problemas, os objetivos, as intervenções e os resultados intermediários e finais. Observou-se que o PAA pode ser considerado como programa estruturante no âmbito da PNSAN, pois, além de combater a fome diretamente, com a doação de alimentos a pessoas em situação de insegurança alimentar, tem como principal objetivo usar o poder de compra do governo para fomentar a agricultura familiar, o que veio a gerar impactos positivos sobre a matriz produtiva, promovendo a sustentabilidade do sistema agroalimentar e o desenvolvimento rural inclusivo. Em geral, os resultados dos estudos realizados corroboraram as hipóteses nas quais se baseia o programa, indicando benefícios para o agricultor, sua produção e a qualidade de vida da sua família. Além disso, contribuiu para o fortalecimento de cooperativas e associações de produtores e entidades recebedoras dos produtos e para a segurança alimentar dos beneficiários fornecedores e consumidores. Foram apontadas, também, algumas dificuldades que indicam a necessidade de melhorias na sua operacionalização. Observou-se, ainda, redução dos recursos aplicados no PAA nos últimos anos.
Learning Action Cells Sessions: Enhancing Classroom Instruction in the New Face to Face Classes
Authors: F. Pilo Mydell
Published: August 2024

The study was conducted to understand and describe the experiences of Grade 1 teachers in Asuncion District in enhancing classroom instruction through engaging with learning action cell sessions in the new face to face classes. Qualitative research design was used and considered assumption on selecting participants, ethics, in collecting, analyzing and interpreting data. Respondents were the Grade 1 Teachers who were purposely selected through referrals and using facilitating questions to draw out narratives on their experiences, challenges and coping mechanism and further learning insights given their undertakings as technologically inclined teachers. The teachers found to have experienced and challenged with lecture approach, coaching and workshop techniques. Coping mechanisms have been found to adapt through seeking teaching effectiveness, content knowledge and pedagogy and learning environment. Educational insights were found to have recognized the importance of diversity of learners, curriculum and planning and assessment and reporting. Future direction may provide an opportunity to explore the importance of recognizing and addressing the diverse needs of learners in the classroom. Future research can also underscore the importance of investing in high-quality professional development opportunities, supporting teacher autonomy, and creating inclusive learning environments. By doing so, we can improve the quality of classroom
Literature Review in Educational Leadership, Policy, and Law within STEM Education
Authors: D. Swanson Roderick
Published: August 2024

STEM is the acronym for the fields of study in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. This manuscript is to highlight the need to increase the number of females pursuing education and future employment opportunities in careers that requires study in STEM. Regarding STEM programs, education leaders must provide advantages that bridge the academic achievement gaps for females and other underrepresented minoritized (URM) student groups. Parents, teachers, and school administrators must fill the gaps often found in the academic areas of mathematics and science. The resolution is to introduce students at an early age to the American workforce in STEM-related fields. Students' early interventions include businesses, industries, and community mentorship programs. These mentorship programs are central to meeting every capable STEM worker's need to keep America in a global leadership position. At the forefront, educationalists, policymakers, and legislators are taking the initiative to establish a firm educational foundation that will increase the roles of women and minorities in STEM-related fields. STEM education must break traditional ethnic and gender roles. America must ensure that every gender, race, or ethnicity has a seat at the economic table. Minorities having a seat at the trade and industry table is essential for the nation to compete in a global economy. The educational systems must spark an interest in students pursuing a career in the various fields of STEM. Nevertheless, more people of color must sit at the economic negotiation table to decide their future.
Increasing Productivity of the Welding Process on the H-Beam Production Line by Approach RCA (Root Cause Analysis) at Pt. XYZ
Authors: Massandi Hepri , Fitra Adi , Kustiwan Susan , Wiyatno Tri Ngudi
Published: August 2024

This research was conducted at a company operating in the construction sector in Cikarang. The researcher conducted direct research on the welding process. The main process of focus in this research is on welding quality defects of the Slag Inclusion type. After knowing the main problem that is the cause of a defect, then carry out an improvement plan using the Root Cause Analysis (RCA) method, which is a method of repairing causal factors by analyzing what, how, and why a factor that causes a defect can occur with the aim of finding the root cause so that There needs to be changes to avoid errors. The RCA method has 2 approaches, namely the Fishbone diagram and 5 whys. Therefore, the author took the title "Increasing the Productivity of the Welding Process in the H-beam Production Line Using the RCA (Root Cause Analysis) Approach at Pt. XYZ” Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a tool designed to understand the root cause of an event's problems based on causality in a process. The main factor that causes defects is humans who are careless when working, who do not see or observe the material when they want to start work or even underestimate the work. So implementing SOPs is very necessary to regulate workers so they don't work as they please, and outdated machines can hamper production and improve the quality of main raw materials.
Reimagining a better housing future: housing crisis and future path in the Asia-Pacific region
Authors: Gao Xinrui , Hu Weijie
Published: August 2024

This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:
https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/
.
A Possible Additional Formation Pathway for the Interstellar Diatomic SiS
Authors: Fortenberry Ryan C. , McGuire Brett A.
Published: August 2024

The formation of silicon monosulfide (SiS) in space appears to be a difficult process, but the present work shows that a previously excluded pathway may contribute to its astronomical abundance. Reaction of the radicals SH + SiH produces SiS with a submerged transition state and generates a stabilizing H2 molecule as a product to dissipate the kinetic energy. Such is a textbook chemical reaction for favorable gas-phase chemistry. While previously proposed mechanisms reacting atomic sulfur and silicon with SiH, SH, and H2S will still be major contributors to the production of SiS, an abundance of SiS in certain regions could be a marker for the presence of SiH where it has previously been unobserved. These quantum chemically computed reaction profiles imply that the silicon-chalcogen chemistry of molecular clouds, shocked regions, or protoplanetary disks may be richer than previously thought. Quantum chemical spectral data for the intermediate cis- and trans-HSiSH are also provided to aid in their potential spectroscopic characterization.
Faraday Tomography with CHIME: The “Tadpole” Feature G137+7
Authors: Mohammed Nasser , Ordog Anna , Booth Rebecca A. , Bracco Andrea , Brown Jo-Anne C. , Carretti Ettore , Dickey John M. , Foreman Simon , Halpern Mark , Haverkorn Marijke , Hill Alex S. , Hinshaw Gary , Kania Joseph W. , Kothes Roland , Landecker T. L. , MacEachern Joshua , Masui Kiyoshi W. , Menard Aimee , Ransom Ryan R. , Reich Wolfgang , Reich Patricia , Shaw J. Richard , Siegel Seth R. , Tahani Mehrnoosh , Thomson Alec J. M. , Pinsonneault-Marotte Tristan , Wang Haochen , West Jennifer L. , Wolleben Maik , Wulf Dallas ,   CHIME and GMIMS Collaborations
Published: August 2024

A direct consequence of Faraday rotation is that the polarized radio sky does not resemble the total intensity sky at long wavelengths. We analyze G137+7, which is undetectable in total intensity but appears as a depolarization feature. We use the first polarization maps from the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment. Our 400–729 MHz bandwidth and angular resolution,

17
′

–

30
′

, allow us to use Faraday synthesis to analyze the polarization structure. In polarized intensity and polarization angle maps, we find a tail extending 10° from the head and designate the combined object, the tadpole. Similar polarization angles, distinct from the background, indicate that the head and tail are physically associated. The head appears as a depolarized ring in single channels, but wideband observations show that it is a Faraday rotation feature. Our investigations of H i and Hα find no connections to the tadpole. The tail suggests motion of either the gas or an ionizing star through the interstellar medium; the B2(e) star HD 20336 is a candidate. While the head features a coherent, ∼ −8 rad m−2 Faraday depth, Faraday synthesis also identifies multiple components in both the head and tail. We verify the locations of the components in the spectra using QU fitting. Our results show that approximately octave-bandwidth Faraday rotation observations at ∼600 MHz are sensitive to low-density ionized or partially ionized gas, which is undetectable in other tracers.
Young Stellar Objects in NGC 346: A JWST NIRCam/MIRI Imaging Survey
Authors: Habel Nolan , Nally Conor , Lenkić Laura , Meixner Margaret , De Marchi Guido , Kavanagh Patrick J. , Fahrion Katja , Nayak Omnarayani , Hirschauer Alec S. , Jones Olivia C. , Biazzo Katia , Brandl Bernhard R. , Jaspers J. , Pontoppidan Klaus M. , Robberto Massimo , Rogers C. , Sabbi E. , Sargent B. A. , Soderblom David R. , Zeidler Peter
Published: August 2024

We present a JWST imaging survey with NIRCam and MIRI of NGC 346, the brightest star-forming region in the Small Magellanic Cloud. By combining aperture and point-spread function photometry of 11 wavelength bands across these two instruments, we have detected more than 200,000 unique sources. Using a near-infrared color analysis, we observe various evolved and young populations, including 196 young stellar objects (YSOs) and pre-main-sequence stars suitable for forthcoming spectroscopic studies. We expand upon this work, creating mid-infrared color–magnitude diagrams and determining color cuts to identify 833 reddened sources which are YSO candidates. We observe that these candidate sources are spatially associated with regions of dusty, filamentary nebulosity. Furthermore, we fit model YSO spectral energy distributions to a selection of sources with detections across all of our MIRI bands. We classify with a high degree of confidence 23 YSOs in this sample and estimate their radii, bolometric temperatures, luminosities, and masses. We detect YSOs approaching 1 M
⊙, the lowest-mass extragalactic YSOs confirmed to date.
A Multiwavelength, Multiepoch Monitoring Campaign of Accretion Variability in T Tauri Stars from the ODYSSEUS Survey. II. Photometric Light Curves
Authors: Wendeborn John , Espaillat Catherine C. , Thanathibodee Thanawuth , Robinson Connor E. , Pittman Caeley V. , Calvet Nuria , Kóspál Ágnes , Grankin Konstantin N. , Walter Fredrick M. , Guo Zhen , Eislöffel Jochen
Published: August 2024

Classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs) are young, low-mass stars that accrete material from their surrounding protoplanetary disk. To better understand accretion variability, we conducted a multiepoch, multiwavelength photometric monitoring campaign of four CTTSs, TW Hya, RU Lup, BP Tau, and GM Aur, in 2021 and 2022, contemporaneous with Hubble Space Telescope UV and optical spectra. We find that all four targets display significant variability in their light curves, generally on days-long timescales (but in some cases year-to-year), often due to periodicity associated with stellar rotation and to stochastic accretion variability. There is a strong connection between mass accretion and photometric variability in all bands, but the relationship varies per target and epoch. Thus, photometry should be used with caution as a direct measure of accretion in CTTSs.
Natal Kicks from the Galactic Center and Implications on Their Environment and for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
Authors: Jurado Carlos , Naoz Smadar , Lam Casey Y. , Hoang Bao-Minh
Published: August 2024

Most galaxies, including the Milky Way, harbor a central supermassive black hole (SMBH) weighing millions to billions of solar masses. Surrounding these SMBHs are dense regions of stars and stellar remnants, such as neutron stars (NSs) and black holes (BHs). NSs and possibly BHs receive large natal kicks at birth on the order of hundreds of kilometers per second. The natal kicks that occur in the vicinity of an SMBH may redistribute the orbital configuration of the compact objects and alter their underlying density distribution. We model the effects of natal kicks on a Galactic center (GC) population of massive stars and stellar binaries with different initial density distributions. Using observational constraints from stellar orbits near the GC, we place an upper limit on the steepness of the initial stellar profile and find it to be core-like. In addition, we predict that 30%–70% of compact objects become unbound from the SMBH due to their kicks and will migrate throughout the Galaxy. Different BH kick prescriptions lead to distinct spatial and kinematic distributions. We suggest that the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope may be able to distinguish between these distributions and thus be able to differentiate between natal kick mechanisms.
Electrostatic Bursts Generated by the Ion–Ion Acoustic Instability with Solar Wind Plasma Parameters
Authors: Afify Mahmoud Saad , Dreher Jürgen , Schoeffler Kevin , Micera Alfredo , Innocenti Maria Elena
Published: August 2024

This study is motivated by recent observations from the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission, which have been identified as ion-acoustic waves from 15 to 25 solar radii. These observations reveal characteristic sequences of narrowband, high-frequency bursts exceeding 100 Hz embedded into a slower evolution around 1 Hz, persisting for several hours. To explore the potential role of the ion-acoustic instability (IAI) in these phenomena, we begin by reviewing classical findings on the IAI within the framework of linear kinetic theory. Focusing on proton distributions comprising both a core and a beam component, we analyze the IAI instability range and growth rates within the parameter regime relevant to PSP observations. Our findings indicate that the IAI can indeed occur in this regime, albeit requiring electron-to-core and beam-to-core temperature ratios slightly different from reported values during electrostatic burst detection. Furthermore, employing one-dimensional kinetic plasma simulations, we validate the growth rates predicted by linear theory and observe the saturation behavior of the instability. The resultant nonlinear structures exhibit trapped proton beam populations and oscillatory signatures comparable to those observed, both in terms of timescales and amplitude.
First Detection of X-Ray Polarization in Galactic Ultraluminous X-Ray Pulsar Swift J0243.6+6124 with IXPE
Authors: Majumder Seshadri , Chatterjee Rwitika , Jayasurya Kiran M. , Das Santabrata , Nandi Anuj
Published: August 2024

We report the results of first ever spectropolarimetric analyses of the Galactic ultraluminous X-ray pulsar Swift J0243.6+6124 during the 2023 outburst using quasi-simultaneous IXPE, NICER, and NuSTAR observations. A pulsation of period ∼9.79 s is detected in IXPE and NuSTAR observations with pulse fractions (PFs) ∼18% (2–8 keV) and ∼28% (3–78 keV), respectively. Energy-dependent study of the pulse profiles with NuSTAR indicates an increase in PF from ∼27% (3–10 keV) to ∼50% (40–78 keV). Further, epoch-dependent polarimetric measurements during the decay phase of the outburst confirm the detection of significant polarization, with the polarization degree (PD) and polarization angle ranging between ∼2%–3.1% and ∼8.°6–10.°8, respectively, in the 2–8 keV energy range. We also observe that the PD increases up to ∼4.8% at higher energies (≳5 keV) with dominating bbodyrad flux contribution (1.5 ≲ F
BB/F
PL ≲ 3.4) in the IXPE spectra. The phase-resolved polarimetric study yields PD as ∼1.7%–3.1% suggesting a marginal correlation with the pulse profiles. Moreover, the broadband (0.6–70 keV) energy spectrum of combined NICER and NuSTAR observations is well described by the combination of bbodyrad and cutoffpl components with seed photon temperature (kT
bb) ∼0.86 ± 0.03 keV and photon index (Γ) ∼0.98 ± 0.01. With the above findings, we infer that the observed “low” PD in Swift J0243.6+6124 is attributed possibly due to the “vacuum resonance” effect between the overheated and relatively cooler regions of the neutron star boundary layer.
Insights on the Formation Conditions of Uranus and Neptune from Their Deep Elemental Compositions
Authors: Mousis Olivier , Schneeberger Antoine , Cavalié Thibault , Mandt Kathleen E. , Aguichine Artyom , Lunine Jonathan I. , Benest Couzinou Tom , Hue Vincent , Moreno Raphaël
Published: August 2024

This study, placed in the context of the preparation for the Uranus Orbiter Probe mission, aims to predict the bulk volatile compositions of Uranus and Neptune. Using a protoplanetary disk model, it examines the evolution of trace species through vapor and solid transport as dust and pebbles. Due to the high carbon abundance found in their envelopes, the two planets are postulated to have formed at the carbon monoxide ice line within the protosolar nebula. The time evolution of the abundances of the major volatile species at the location of the CO ice line is then calculated to derive the abundance ratios of the corresponding key elements, including the heavy noble gases, in the feeding zones of Uranus and Neptune. Supersolar metallicity in their envelopes likely results from accreting solids in these zones. Two types of solids are considered: pure condensates (Case 1) and a mixture of pure condensates and clathrates (Case 2). The model, calibrated to observed carbon enrichments, predicts deep compositions. In Case 1, argon is deeply depleted, while nitrogen, oxygen, krypton, phosphorus, sulfur, and xenon are significantly enriched relative to their protosolar abundances in the two planets. Case 2 predicts significant enrichments for all species, including argon, relative to their protosolar abundances. Consequently, Case 1 predicts near-zero Ar/Kr or Ar/Xe ratios, while Case 2 suggests that these ratios are 0.1 and 0.5–1 times their protosolar ratios, respectively. Both cases predict a bulk sulfur-to-nitrogen ratio consistent with atmospheric measurements.
L’engagement des salariés : quelle contribution à la performance d’une mutuelle ?
Authors: Diné Sébastien , Szostak Bérangère L.
Published: August 2024

Dans les mutuelles, en tant qu’organisation de l’Economie Sociale et Solidaire, les salariés sont généralement considérés comme contribuant principalement à la performance économique, et les militants à la performance socio-politique, entendue comme l’atteinte d’objectifs véhiculés par des valeurs de l’ESS. Or, quelques rares travaux suggèrent que les salariés peuvent également contribuer à cette performance socio-politique, sans en détailler cependant les modalités ni les pratiques RH. Notre recherche explore dès lors le sujet en passant par le concept d’engagement pour le travail et l’organisation, du fait de son impact connu dans la littérature, sur la performance au sens large. Une recherche-action a été menée auprès de 35 salariés d’une grande mutuelle. Quatre formes d’engagement ont été tout d’abord identifiées, puis analysées quant à leur contribution à la performance socio-politique. Sont ensuite discutées des pratiques RH, dans une logique de carrières et de gestion des talents tout en évitant l’hypocrisie organisationnelle et le « social washing ».
L’Indo-Pacifique à l’aune des critiques océaniennes de sa militarisation
Authors: Lechervy Christian
Published: August 2024

Le concept Indo-Pacifique a été porté initialement par des acteurs extérieurs à la région. Aujourd’hui, le terme reste abondamment débattu et commenté, d’autant plus que l’on assiste à une militarisation croissante de cette crise essentiellement maritime. La compétition États-Unis – Chine oblige ainsi les États insulaires à réfléchir à leur destin commun, malgré leurs différences.
Infrastructures Internet en Océanie
Authors: Hamel Sophie
Published: August 2024

Les infrastructures Internet – essentiellement les câbles sous-marins et la 5G – sont au cœur d’une compétition entre les puissances, principalement les États-Unis et la Chine, leurs fournisseurs de technologies et de services. Les États insulaires du Pacifique (EIP) y voient surtout un catalyseur du développement économique et cherchent à trouver un équilibre entre les différents acteurs, tout en préservant leur souveraineté.
Le réinvestissement stratégique du Japon dans le Pacifique insulaire
Authors: Pajon Céline
Published: August 2024

Le Japon a pris conscience de l’importance stratégique du Pacifique insulaire avec une approche multiforme, intégrée qui reste discrète. Pour Tokyo, il s’agit de faire face aux avancées chinoises dans la région et de trouver des partenariats avec les États insulaires mais aussi avec les puissances comme l’Australie ou la France. Toutefois, les ressources consacrées par le Japon restent encore limitées.
La présence chinoise dans les Kiribati à l’épreuve de la longue durée
Authors: Frécon Eric
Published: August 2024

Les Kiribati, en plein cœur du Pacifique, sont une des cibles de l’activisme de la Chine, avec plus ou moins de succès, dans la mesure où l’intérêt de Pékin semble plus géopolitique que philanthropique. Les moyens déployés par le régime chinois permettent de créer un lien de dépendance, même si l’archipel s’efforce de maintenir une forme de neutralité.
Politique, économie et stratégie dans la guerre du Pacifique (1941-1945) (1/2)
Authors: Reussner André
Published: August 2024

En se lançant contre les États-Unis avec l’attaque de Pearl Harbour le 7 décembre 1941, le Japon avait largement sous-estimé la capacité américaine à réagir militairement et à utiliser leur économie comme une arme de guerre capable de produire de façon quasi illimitée les arsenaux nécessaires pour vaincre l’empire du Soleil levant.
L’extrême droite en Allemagne
Authors: Rouy Alain
Published: August 2024

Comme la France et l’Italie, l’Allemagne a vu déferler la vague populiste d’extrême droite : depuis 2017, l’« Alternative für Deutschland » (AfD) est massivement représentée au Bundestag. L’extrême droite n’avait jamais totalement disparu du paysage politique allemand, plusieurs formations ont préparé le terrain pour l’avènement de l’AfD, même si, au départ, son objectif était essentiellement de lutter contre l’Euro. Aux adversaires de l’euro sont venus s’agglutiner tous les partisans du rejet de l’autre, les antiimmigrés, les nationalistes et les revanchistes. Surfant sur la crise sociale et exploitant àfond les crises migratoires, ils ont emporté des succès électoraux. La montée en puissance de l’AfD s’est accompagnée d’une radicalisation des positions qui perdure jusqu’à aujourd’hui. L’AfD ne progresse plus, mais elle bénéficie d’un socle électoral solide qui devrait inciter à la combattre vigoureusement.
Afrique : néoprotectionnisme et biens communs
Authors: Nubukpo Kako
Published: August 2024

Soudain, grande transformation écologique et protectionnisme décomplexé sont partout d’actualité. En bâtissant véritablement et résolument sa propre solution sur ces deux axes, après plus de 60 ans d’indépendance et d’échecs du « développement » sous ordre néolibéral et néocolonial, l’Afrique doit et peut sortir de son impasse systémique mortifère – dépendances croissantes, aide extérieure inefficace, objectifs onusiens pour 2030 déjà condamnés. D’ici 2050, le continent verra doubler sa population. Faire des « communs » et de la recherche de souverainetés de tous ordres le cœur d’une véritable dynamique publique de prospérité endogène partagée, répond aux actuels enjeux majeurs. Investir dans les campagnes délaissées et l’intensification agroécologique en est le premier impératif et les services ainsi rendus au climat, à la stabilité des populations et à la paix, appellent une contribution mondiale.
Panorama historique de la non-violence
Authors: Refalo Alain
Published: August 2024

La non-violence est riche d’une longue histoire qui demeure encore largement méconnue. Cet article, sans viser à l’exhaustivité, présente cette histoire mondiale de la non-violence. C’est une histoire de luttes pour les droits de l’homme, de résistances civiles à des dictatures, d’initiatives pour la paix et le climat. Ces multiples combats ont inspiré de nombreux travaux de recherche qui, aujourd’hui, alimentent la pensée et l’action de mouvements orientés vers la promotion d’une culture de la non-violence.
Quelles bases de données pour les recherches sur la non-violence ?
Authors: Kauffmann Mayeul , Janzen Randy , Bali Morad
Published: August 2024

Cet article présente quelques bases de données utiles pour les recherches sur la non-violence, ainsi que des pistes de travail pour les améliorer. Il ne vise pas à présenter un catalogue des projets existants, ni à établir un état de l’art en la matière, mais plutôt à présenter certaines lacunes et pistes d’amélioration illustrées par des initiatives innovantes, fructueuses ou prometteuses. L’argumentation s’appuie sur des exemples concrets, tirés de bases de données sur l’Intervention Civile de Paix, sur les Opérations de Maintien de la Paix, sur les actions non-violentes (notamment de protestation) et sur les sanctions internationales.
Combler le fossé entre universitaires et praticiens
Authors: French Amber
Published: August 2024

L’article propose de faire connaître l’histoire de l’ICNC (Centre International, sur les conflits non-violents) en décrivant sa genèse, ses activités sur les champs abordés de plus en plus nombreux ainsi que les collaborations nouées avec des milieux divers, notamment universitaires. Il est montré comment les domaines prioritaires et les modalités de travail de l’ICNC ont toujours été flexibles – optimisant une stratégie dirigée par le réseau et réactifs à la demande des praticiens sur le terrain.
La dangereuse loi de programmation militaire 2024-2030
Authors: Laurent Pierre
Published: August 2024

L’article analyse les dispositions de la récente Loi de programmation militaire (LPM) ainsi que sa portée pour la politique internationale de la France. L’auteur, qui a participé directement aux débats et travaux parlementaires préparatoires à la loi, défend l’idée selon laquelle la LPM marque une nouvelle étape de l’ otanisation de la politique étrangère de la France et concourt au surarmement mondial et à la militarisation des relations internationales.
La Turquie, une histoire mouvementée
Authors: Hitzel Frédéric
Published: August 2024

Analyser son passé pour mieux comprendre la Turquie contemporaine, voici tout le projet de l’article. Il permet d’éviter les poncifs, tenaces, ou les simplifications orientalistes qui animent certains des commentateurs. L’analyse permet de saisir les racines historiques du pays dans toutes ses dimensions, sociales, religieuses, économiques politiques et stratégiques. Elle met en exergue les continuités et les ruptures dans le cheminement de l’histoire turque et permet de mieux comprendre et de contextualiser la politique aujourd’hui suivie par le gouvernement de Recep Tayip Erdoğan.
L’évolution des forces politiques en Turquie
Authors: Akgönül Samim
Published: August 2024

L’article propose une analyse dynamique des forces politiques turques et de leur évolution dans un contexte historique. Il donne à voir et à comprendre la spécificité de ces forces et l’impossibilité de leur appliquer des définitions ou caractères préétablis dans d’autres environnements scientifiques ou historiques. L’auteur offre plus particulièrement une vision de certains des grands déterminants de la vie politique turque, qu’il s’agisse du rapport à l’Islam ou à la « division du pays », réelle ou fantasmée. La contribution permet également de comprendre l’importance de la violence tant symbolique que physique dans la construction du champ politique turc. C’est à partir de ces éléments d’analyse que L’auteur propose une réflexion autour de la situation contemporaine, qualifiée de « troisième république ».
La dynamique des relations entre la Turquie et l’union européenne
Authors: Billion Didier
Published: August 2024

L’article analyse la dynamique des relations entretenues entre la Turquie et l’Union européenne sur une longue période. Il traite ainsi de l’évolution des rapports et des perceptions entre Ankara, d’une part, Bruxelles et les grandes capitales européennes, d’autre part, depuis 1963, date du premier traité entre l’UE et la Turquie, jusqu’à aujourd’hui et les dernières propositions formulées par Emmanuel Macron. La contribution souligne l’importance stratégique de la relation entre la Turquie et l’Europe « multiplicatrice de puissance », mais également les difficultés de compréhension réciproques et les tensions qui animent les sociétés civiles dans l’Union et en Turquie. Selon l’auteur, une refondation de l’Union européenne doit permettre un approfondissement et une nouvelle approche des relations avec la Turquie.
Les défis de l’articulation entre la france et l’Union européenne
Authors: Baron Frank
Published: August 2024

Union d’États souverains ou Fédération en devenir, l’Union européenne demeure une construction inachevée. Les transferts de compétence opérés au fil des traités européens, le recul de la règle de l’unanimité dans la prise de décision, les élargissements successifs ont toutefois profondément modifié le modèle politique français. Les défis posés par l’articulation entre ce modèle et la construction européenne sont de trois ordres : celui de la remise en cause du principe de souveraineté nationale hérité de la Révolution française, celui du rôle central du législateur national et celui, enfin, de la sphère d’intervention de la puissance publique dans l’économie.
Que reste-t-il des forces de gauche en Israël ?
Authors: Vescovi Thomas
Published: August 2024

Jamais les gauches israéliennes, sionistes ou non, ne sont apparues aussi faibles. La profonde droitisation de la société, à laquelle les gouvernements travaillistes ont incontestablement participé, semble une réalité enracinée sur laquelle les tentatives d’alternatives n’ont que peu d’emprises. Si en 2023 la spectaculaire contestation contre le gouvernement Netanyahou a bousculé l’hégémonie du Likoud, l’attaque du 7 octobre et ses conséquences plongent l’ensemble du champ politique dans l’incertitude.
Choix d’âge de départ en retraite et emploi des seniors en France : que nous ont appris les réformes passées ?
Authors: Langot François
Published: August 2024

Depuis plus de 30 ans, des réformes du système de retraite français ont permis d’assurer sa soutenabilité financière dans un environnement démographique changeant. En plus de la pérennité des retraites à la française, elles ont réduit l’exclusion prématurée des seniors de l’emploi. Cet article vise à remettre en perspective ces deux résultats, sur la base des réformes des retraites en France. Premièrement, le recul de l’âge du taux plein crée un premier dividende en réduisant le nombre de retraités et en augmentant le nombre de cotisants au-delà de l’âge du taux plein, diminuant une première fois les déficits des caisses de retraite. Deuxièmement, le recul de l’âge de la retraite « cause » un accroissement de l’emploi des seniors avant l’âge du taux plein et augmente donc le nombre de cotisants, ce qui génère alors un second dividende pour les caisses de retraite et pour l’ensemble de l’économie. Pour reculer l’âge effectif de départ en retraite, on montre que les mesures incitatives telles que des surcotes sont un instrument puissant pour un recul volontaire de l’âge de la retraite, et non imposé comme dans le cas du recul de l’âge légal. Les effets positifs du recul de l’âge de la retraite sur l’emploi des seniors sont fragiles car ils reposent sur l’absence de mesures qui viendraient briser l’anticipation d’un allongement de l’horizon de travail des seniors, telles que les différentes mesures spécifiques aidant au non-emploi en fin de cycle de vie.
Le football aux jeux olympiques
Authors: Dietschy Paul
Published: August 2024

Cet article retrace les 124 années d’histoire du ballon rond olympique. Le football a pris une part importante dans l’histoire des Jeux olympiques et, symétriquement, ceux-ci ont aussi joué un rôle crucial dans la construction du football international. Le ballon rond a contribué à la réinvention de la tradition olympique tout en devenant rapidement controversé en raison du professionnalisme. Le football a renforcé la viabilité économique des Jeux olympiques, malgré l’hostilité des dirigeants du CIO, menant à la création de la Coupe du monde pour les professionnels. Pendant la guerre froide, il a révélé les contradictions de l’olympisme avec les faux amateurs de l’Est. De plus, le football est devenu une tribune pour les pays africains et les femmes bien qu’il ait fallu attendre 1996 pour qu’elles puissent y participer. Son statut de sport mondial numéro un lui garantit une place permanente, alors même que le CIO envisage de nouvelles disciplines comme le breakdance ou le basket à trois.
On the upper bounds for the distance between zeros of solutions of a first-order linear neutral differential equation with several delays
Authors: Attia Emad R.
Published: August 2024

This work is devoted to studying the distribution of zeros of a first-order neutral differential equation with several delays

   \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \left[y(t)+a(t)y\left(t-\sigma\right)\right]'+ \sum\limits_{j = 1}^n b_j(t)y\left(t-\mu_j\right) = 0, \quad \quad \quad t \geq t_0. \end{equation*} $\end{document}

New estimations for the upper bounds of the distance between successive zeros are obtained. The properties of a positive solution of a first-order differential inequality with several delays in a closed interval are studied, and many results are established. We apply these results to a first-order neutral differential equation with several delays and also to a first-order differential equation with several delays. Our results for the differential equation with several delays not only provide new estimations but also improve many previous ones. Also, the results are formulated in a general way such that they can be applied to any functional differential equation for which studying the distance between zeros is equivalent to studying this property for a first-order differential inequality with several delays. Further, new estimations of the upper bounds for certain equations are given. Finally, a comparison with all previous results is shown at the end of this paper.
On a nonlinear time-fractional cable equation
Authors: Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem
Published: August 2024

A nonlinear time-fractional cable equation posed on the interval $ (0, 1) $ under a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition is investigated in this work. The considered equation reflects the anomalous electro-diffusion in nerve cells. Using nonlinear capacity estimates specifically adapted to the considered problem, we establish sufficient conditions for the nonexistence of weak solutions.
Some insights into rank conditions of vector subspaces
Authors: Petrović Zoran Z. , Pucanović Zoran S. , Pešović Marko D. , Kovačević Miloš A.
Published: August 2024

We introduce the general notion of a rank on a vector space, which includes both tensor rank and conventional matrix rank, but incorporates other examples as well. Extending this concept, we investigate vector spaces consisting of vectors with a lower bound on their rank. Our main result shows that bases for such spaces of maximum dimension can be chosen to consist exclusively of vectors of minimal rank. This generalization extends the results of [15,36], with potential applications in different areas.