bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long COVID in Persons With Self‐Reported Arthritis: Symptoms, Associated Factors, and Functional Limitations
Authors: Feldman Debbie Ehrmann , Mazer Barbara
Published: July 2023

Objective

The aim is to describe both long COVID symptoms and associated factors in a cohort of individuals with a self‐reported history of arthritis as well as change in function in persons with arthritis and long COVID compared to pre‐COVID status.

Methods

Among 2,764 persons with a confirmed COVID‐19 diagnosis who responded to an online survey at least 12 weeks post‐infection, 171 reported a history of arthritis and formed our study sample. We calculated the frequency of long COVID defined as troubled by persistent symptoms and evaluated associated factors using bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression. Among those with long COVID, we describe limitations in activity and function in comparison to pre‐COVID status.

Results

In our sample, 53.5% (n = 91) reported being troubled by ongoing symptoms at the time of completing the questionnaire (long COVID), with the most frequent symptoms as the following: fatigue, myalgia, weakness, breathlessness, low mood, anxiety, and sleep disturbance. Factors associated with long COVID were female sex, having been hospitalized for COVID, and having at least 1 other chronic disease. Persons with long COVID had substantial declines in function, notably in global health status, usual activities, mobility, personal care, and employment status. Also, 37% of those with long COVID reported moderate to severe increase in pain.

Conclusion

Persons with arthritis who have long COVID have substantial limitations in function compared to their pre‐COVID status. There is a need to implement effective interventions to improve functional status in persons with arthritis and long COVID.
Compact Hole‐Selective Self‐Assembled Monolayers Enabled by Disassembling Micelles in Solution for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Ming , Bi Leyu , Jiang Wenlin , Zeng Zixin , Tsang Sai‐Wing , Lin Francis R. , Jen Alex K.‐Y.
Published: July 2023

Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are widely employed as effective hole‐selective layers (HSLs) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, most SAM molecules are amphiphilic in nature and tend to form micelles in the commonly used alcoholic processing solvents. This introduces an extra energetic barrier to disassemble the micelles during the binding of SAM molecules on the substrate surface, limiting the formation of a compact SAM. To alleviate this problem for achieving optimal SAM growth, a co‐solvent strategy to disassemble the micelles of carbazole‐based SAM molecules in the processing solution is developed. This effectively increases the critical micelle concentration to be above the processing concentration and enhances the reactivity of the phosphonic acid anchoring group to allow densely packed SAMs to be formed on indium tin oxide. Consequently, the PSCs derived from using MeO‐2PACz, 2PACz, and CbzNaph SAM HSLs show universally improved performance, with the CbzNaph SAM‐derived device achieving a champion efficiency of 24.98% and improved stability.
Engineering Polymer Interfaces: A Review toward Controlling Triboelectric Surface Charge
Authors: Šutka Andris , Lapčinskis Linards , He Delong , Kim Hyunseung , Berry Joseph D. , Bai Jinbo , Knite Māris , Ellis Amanda V. , Jeong Chang Kyu , Sherrell Peter C.
Published: July 2023

Contact electrification and triboelectric charging are areas of intense research. Despite their low ability to accept or donate electrons, polymer insulator based triboelectric nanogenerators have emerged as highly efficient mechanical‐to‐electrical conversion devices. Here, it is reviewed the structure–property–performance of polymer insulators in triboelectric nanogenerators and focus on tools that can be used to directly enhance charge generation, via altering a polymer's mechanical, thermal, chemical, and topographical properties. In addition to the discussion of these fundamental properties, the use of additives to locally manipulate the polymer surface structure is discussed. The link between each property and the underlying charging mechanism is discussed, in the context of both increasing surface charge and predicting the polarity of surface charge, and pathways to engineer triboelectric charging are highlighted. Key questions facing the field surrounding data reporting, the role of water, and synergy between mass, electron, and ion transfer mechanisms are highlighted with aspirational goals of a holistic model for triboelectric charging proposed.
Modification of a dual‐chamber denitrification bioreactor with a surface water pumping system
Authors: Hartfiel Lindsey M. , Craig Andrew J. , Soupir Michelle L.
Published: July 2023

Denitrification bioreactors are an edge‐of‐field conservation practice being implemented to reduce nonpoint nitrogen pollution to downstream waterbodies. In the Midwestern region of the United States, these bioreactors are commonly used for the treatment of nitrate‐laden subsurface drainage systems. Innovative strategies will be needed to reach the nutrient reduction goals established; here, a typical denitrification bioreactor was retrofitted with a supplemental surface water pumping system to enhance the bioreactor use and performance. Potential benefits of the pumped bioreactor system include extended treatment beyond the typical drainage season, increased nitrate mass removal, extended bioreactor lifespan, and extended applications of the bioreactor such as treatment of surface waters. Current challenges associated with pumped bioreactors exist with the timing of the pumping and water source identification. Considerations include the water availability and the potential need to obtain a permit for the water extraction, and nitrate concentration, temperature, and carbon content of the source to be pumped from. Conditions that would promote complete nitrate removal should be avoided. Additional potential applications for these pumped bioreactors have been identified and include, but are not limited to, the treatment of additional surface water sources, irrigation waters, drainage ditches, and groundwater.
Ten‐year follow‐up report and neurologic sequelae in a case of neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Khosroshahi Nahid , Haghshenas Zahra , Afrooghe Arya , Ahmadi Elham , Torshizi Mahdieh Mousavi
Published: July 2023

We present a 10‐year follow‐up and describe our experience in managing a case of neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT) for the first time in Iran. Microcephaly, mental retardation, and epilepsy may be long time sequels of NSHPT. The brain MRI findings are compatible with an old hypoxic–ischemic event.
What can we learn about leadership from Elvis Presley?
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: July 2023

I’ve always loved the album Graceland by Paul Simon. It came out when I was in my 20s. I listened to those songs on vinyl. My favorite song, of course, was the title song, “Graceland.” I knew it was a place in Memphis, Tennessee, but didn’t really pay much attention to it.
Prepare to properly respond to various records requests
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: July 2023

CLEARWATER, FLORIDA — When it comes to records requests, you know you can feel sure about one thing — they’re inevitable. But when it comes to knowing how to properly respond to records requests while ensuring compliance, you’re probably a lot less sure. To bolster confidence and clear up confusion, you’ll want to consider the guidance offered by Adam Hark, Esq., Legal Counsel, and Shalin Shah, Senior Client Support Specialist, both at Maxient, a database company that provides records management software to colleges and universities. They spoke at Stetson University's annual National Conference on Law and Higher Education.
Consider the destructive nature of fake consensus
Authors: Freebairn‐Smith Laura
Published: July 2023

In this column, I’m going to address the concept of fake or overused consensus in decision‐making. Leaders in the United States often default to seeking consensus, seeing it as the holy grail of group decision‐making, believing that this is the only way or a good way to ensure buy‐in to the decision. There are several problems with this choice of decision‐making style, including but not limited to:
A guide to mitigating audit log‐related risk in medical professional liability cases
Authors: Sittig Dean F. , Wright Adam
Published: July 2023

Following the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act in 2009, use of electronic health records (EHRs) has become ubiquitous. Accordingly, one should expect most medical professional liability cases to involve review of patient records produced from EHRs. When questions arise regarding who was involved in care of a patient, what they knew and when, or the meaning, completeness, integrity, validity, timeliness, confidentiality, accuracy, or legitimacy of data, or ways that the EHR's user interface or automated clinical decision support tools may have contributed to the alleged events, one often turns to the EHR and its audit log. This manuscript discusses lines of defense incorporated into the design, development, implementation, and use of EHRs to ensure their integrity and the types of EHR transaction logs (e.g., audit log) that exist. Using these logs can help one answer questions that often arise in medical malpractice cases. Finally, there are “best practices” surrounding EHR audit logs that health care organizations should implement. When used appropriately, EHRs and their audit logs provide another source of information to help hospital risk managers, legal counsel, and EHR expert witnesses to investigate adverse incidents and, if needed, prosecute or defend clinicians and/or health care organizations involved in the patient's care.
Identify, implement values to overcome obstacles for embedded counseling program
Authors: Gerberich Stacy , Ehrnstrom Colleen , Tomatz Matthew , Bryant Trinity , Gilfillan Audrey , Ansted Danielle , Grosse Molly , Fowler Amanda , Peters Jazmyne M. , Mitchell Jonathan , West Alison , Bottiglio Melissa
Published: July 2023

The University of Colorado Boulder Counseling and Psychiatric Services (known as CAPS) created an embedded therapist team to participate in a cross‐department collaboration beginning in 2018. (We shared the findings of this process in the article “Embedding counselors within departments across campus can meet increased demand,” published in the June 2022 issue of Student Affairs Today at bit.ly/44d8YyE.) In that article, we provided several key guidelines to support burgeoning embedded programs, including the following: “A needs assessment includes faculty, staff, and students in identifying the resources available and issues for action. Assessing needs from all perspectives allows for a collaborative process, community empowerment, and invaluable connection.”
Protect personal, institutional data from cyberattacks
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: July 2023

BOSTON — If your institution falls prey to a cybersecurity attack, it risks not only potential reputational damage and financial loss but also lawsuits claiming breach of contract or failure to comply with privacy policies/laws.
CUNY hires first Inclusion Coordinator for veterans
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: July 2023

Although 26% of the student‐veteran population attending colleges within the City University of New York system are women, U.S. Army veteran Jessica Funes recalled that as a student she often felt invisible. She earned a master's degree in human rights at CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice so she could become a veterans advocate.
Generalized volume-complexity for RN-AdS black hole
Authors: Wang Meng-Ting , Jiang Hong-Yue , Liu Yu-Xiao
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The connection between quantum information and quantum gravity has captured the imagination of physicists. Recently, a broad new class of gravitational observables have been proposed to provide new possibilities for holographic complexity [1], which is an extension of volume in the Complexity=Volume proposal. In this paper, we investigate generalized volume-complexity for the 4-dimensional Reissner-Nordström-AdS black hole. These new gravitational observables satisfy the characteristic of the thermofield double state, i.e., they grow linearly in time on the late stage. We find that there are multiple extremal hypersurfaces anchored at a certain boundary time. In other words, for the same boundary time, more than one gravitational observable (generalized volume-complexity) can exist in the bulk. The size relationship of the gravitational observables on the two hypersurfaces changes over time. This will result in the substitution of the maximum extreme hypersurface which is dual to the complexity of the thermofield double state. We call the time when one hypersurface replaces another to become the largest extreme hypersurface the turning time τturning. That is, a hypersurface dual to the complexity of the thermofield double state defined on the boundary jumps from one branch to another. This discontinuous jump is highly reminiscent of a phase transition, and the turning time denotes the moment at which this phase transition occurs. Our findings propose a discontinuous variation in bulk physics that is dual to the complexity of the thermofield double state defined on the boundary.
Multi-brane cosmology
Authors: Girmohanta Sudhakantha , Lee Seung J. , Nakai Yuichiro , Suzuki Motoo
Published: July 2023

Abstract

5D warped extra dimension models with multiple 3-branes can naturally realize multiple hierarchical mass scales which are ubiquitous in physics beyond the Standard Model. We discuss cosmological consequences of such multi-brane models with stabilized radions. It is confirmed that for temperatures below the scale of the IR brane at the end of the extra dimension, we recover the ordinary expansion of the Universe, with the Hubble expansion rate determined by sum of the physical energy densities on all 3-branes where they are localized. In addition, we explore the cosmology for temperatures above the scales of the intermediate and IR branes where the Universe is described by a spacetime with the 3-branes replaced by an event horizon. As the temperature of the Universe cools down, phase transitions are expected to take place, and the intermediate and IR branes come out from behind the event horizon. The Goldberger-Wise mechanism for radion stabilization has a well-known problem of having a supercooled phase transition, which typically does not get completed in time. This problem is even more severe when an intermediate brane is introduced, whose scale is well above TeV, as the corresponding Hubble rate is much larger. We circumvent the problem by employing an alternative mechanism for radion stabilization with dark Yang-Mills fields, which prevents a long supercooling epoch, but still allows the strong first order phase transitions. As a result, the phase transitions in our multi-brane Universe predict a stochastic gravitational wave background with a unique multi-peak signature, which is within the sensitivity reach of future space-based gravitational wave observers. We also show that there are N − 1 radions for an N 3-brane set-up, unlike a recent claim that there exists only one radion.
Decomposition and conformal mapping techniques for the quadrature of nearly singular integrals
Authors: Mitchell William , Natkin Abbie , Robertson Paige , Sullivan Marika , Yu Xuechen , Zhu Chenxin
Published: July 2023

Gauss–Legendre quadrature, Clenshaw–Curtis quadrature and the trapezoid rule are powerful tools for numerical integration of analytic functions. For nearly singular problems, however, these standard methods become unacceptably slow. We discuss and generalize some existing methods for improving on these schemes when the location of the nearby singularity is known. We conclude with an application to some nearly singular surface integrals that arise in three-dimensional viscous fluid flow.
Host–device interactions: exposure of lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts to nickel, titanium, or nitinol affect proliferation, reactive oxygen species production, and cellular signaling
Authors: Pouwels Simon D. , Sigaeva Alina , de Boer Shanna , Eichhorn Ilse A. , Koll Lisanne , Kuipers Jeroen , Schirhagl Romana , Heijink Irene H. , Burgess Janette K. , Slebos Dirk-Jan
Published: July 2023

Endoscopic implantation of medical devices for the treatment of lung diseases, including airway stents, unidirectional valves and coils, is readily used to treat central airway disease and emphysema. However, granulation and fibrotic tissue formation impairs treatment effectiveness. To date little is known about the interaction between implanted devices, often made from metals, such as nickel, titanium or nitinol, and cells in the airways. Here, we study the response of lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts to implant device materials. The adhesion and proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts upon exposure to 10 × 3 × 1 mm pieces of nickel, titanium or nitinol is examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression and release, signaling kinase activity and intracellular free radical production are assessed. Nitinol, and to a lesser extent nickel and titanium, surfaces support the attachment and growth of lung epithelial cells. Nitinol induces a rapid and significant alteration of kinase activity. Cells directly exposed to nickel or titanium produce free radicals, but those exposed to nitinol do not. The response of lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts depends on the metal type to which they are exposed. Nitinol induces cellular surface growth and the induction of kinase activity, while exposure of lung epithelial cells to nickel and titanium induces free radical production, but nitinol does not.

Graphical Abstract
Evaluation Mechanism of Political Discourse: A Holistic Approach
Authors: Sun Jing , Liu Zhenqian
Published: July 2023

Taking the economic issue of Trump’s First State of the Union Address (SUA) as original data, the present study examined the evaluation features of political speeches by adopting a holistic approach, which includes both macro and micro dimensions. At the macro level, a series of semantic patterns were identified, with Goal-Achievement and General-Example Patterns being the most prevalent. They predetermine the evaluative tone, giving the surrounding statements evaluative meanings, exhibiting the radiating nature of evaluative meaning; at the micro level, a variety of resources have been identified, both explicit and implicit, lexical and syntactical, attitudinal and gradational, which collaborate to reinforce the subjective evaluation, revealing the holistic characteristic in the realization of evaluative meaning. Throughout the analysis, three evaluative mechanisms have been proposed, which are the coupling of meaning, semantic prosody, and tense switching. They collaborate and promote the subjective evaluation to be established and reinforced in a cumulative, gradient or hybrid pattern. In a narrow sense, the present study has partially revealed Trump’s political discourse feature. Broadly speaking, it contributes to the theoretical development of the appraisal framework by refining existing evaluation systems through a holistic research paradigm, which in turn facilitates accurate interpretation of various types of discourse.
Photonic generation of ASK microwave signals with SSB format
Authors: Gou Weilei , Yu Yuan , Zhang Xinliang
Published: July 2023

Optical beating is the usual approach to generation of microwave signals. However, the highest frequency achievable for microwave signals is limited by the bandwidths of optoelectronic devices. To maximize the microwave frequency with a limited bandwidth of a photodetector (PD) and relieve the bandwidth bottleneck, we propose to generate microwave signals with the single sideband (SSB) format by beating a continuous wave (CW) light with an optical SSB signal. By simply adjusting the frequency difference between the CW light and the carrier of the optical SSB signal, the frequency of the generated microwave SSB signal is changed correspondingly. In the experiment, amplitude shift keying (ASK) microwave signals with the SSB format are successfully generated with different carrier frequencies and coding bit rates, and the recovered coding information agrees well with the original pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) of 27 − 1 bits. The proposed approach can significantly relieve the bandwidth restriction set by optoelectronic devices in high-speed microwave communication systems.

Graphical Abstract
Current attitudes and self-rated abilities of Bosnia and Herzegovina veterinarians toward pain recognition and quantification in domestic animals
Authors: Spahija Nermina , Lutvikadić Ismar , Ćoso Adna , Maksimović Alan
Published: July 2023

In previous years interest has grown in investigating the attitudes and capabilities of veterinarians regarding the recognition, quantification and treatment of animal pain throughout different parts of the world and encompassing various species. This is the first report exploring the attitudes and self-rated abilities of veterinarians in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) concerning recognition and quantification of pain in domestic animals. A study questionnaire was made available to 535 general practice veterinarians throughout B&H and 73 (14%) responded in full. The questionnaire contained polar, multiple choice, ordinal and interval scale questions and consisted of sections asking about demographic data, attitudes to pain recognition and quantification, use and availability of analgesics, estimates of pain intensity during specific surgical procedures, and the perceived need for pain assessment and continuing education programmes for analgesia. Half of the respondents considered the recognition and quantification of pain to be difficult while 89% did not make use of pain assessment scales. Of the respondents, (33/73; 45%) felt a certain level of pain to be advantageous since it reduces the activity of the healing animal, whereas 52% (38/73) did not agreed with this concept. Cost was a consideration when deciding whether or not to use analgesics for 58% (42/73) of the respondents with the most commonly used types being NSAIDs (72/73;99%) and opioids (60/73; 82%). Practitioners in B&H displayed awareness of the importance of pain assessment and management however a significant proportion were unaware of pain scales and relied upon physiological indicators of pain.
Decidability of the class of all the rings : A problem of Ax
Authors: Derakhshan Jamshid , Macintyre Angus
Published: July 2023

We prove that the class of all the rings

$\mathbb {Z}/m\mathbb {Z}$

for all

$m>1$

is decidable. This gives a positive solution to a problem of Ax asked in his celebrated 1968 paper on the elementary theory of finite fields [1, Problem 5, p. 270]. In our proof, we reduce the problem to the decidability of the ring of adeles

$\mathbb {A}_{\mathbb {Q}}$

of

$\mathbb {Q}$

.
Spatial–temporal variability of phytoplankton community and potentially harmful species in the Golden Horn Estuary (Sea of Marmara, Türkiye)
Authors: Semin Sebahat , Tas Seyfettin , Dursun Fuat
Published: July 2023

Spatial–temporal variability of phytoplankton community and potentially harmful species in the Golden Horn Estuary (Sea of Marmara) was investigated from October 2018 to September 2019 together with some environmental factors. A total of 148 phytoplankton taxa were identified during the study period. Among these, 134 taxa (90.5%) consisted of diatoms (71 taxa, 48%) and dinoflagellates (63 taxa, 42.5%), while 14 taxa (9.5%) were other groups. Seventeen species were recorded for the first time in the study area. Species richness was highest in October, while it was lowest in August. The species diversity (H') varied according to sampling stations. Cell abundances were higher especially in the middle and upper estuary in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. The abundance of diatoms and euglenophyceans was highest in spring, while the abundance of raphidophycean and cryptophycean was highest in summer. Temperature was correlated positively with total abundance (P < 0.01), but negatively with species diversity (H') (P < 0.01). Several dense algal blooms causing discolouration in surface water occurred in spring and summer. A total of 12 microalgae species known as potentially toxic were detected during this study period. Among these, dinoflagellates Alexandrium cf. tamarense and Dinophysis infundibulum were recorded for the first time in the study area. The increase in species diversity and richness in the upper estuary, and the decrease in frequency of bloom events compared with the previous years indicated the changes in environmental conditions in this study period. Findings showed that phytoplankton might be used as an indicator of the changing environmental conditions in such ecosystems.
Frontal two-electrode transcranial direct current stimulation protocols may not affect performance on a combined flanker Go/No-Go task
Authors: Holczer Adrienn , Vékony Teodóra , Klivényi Péter , Must Anita
Published: July 2023

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been tested to modulate cognitive control or response inhibition using various electrode montages. However, electrode montages and current polarities have not been systematically compared when examining tDCS effects on cognitive control and response inhibition. In this randomized, sham-controlled study, 38 healthy volunteers were randomly grouped into receiving one session of sham, anodal, and cathodal each in an electrode montage that targeted either the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or the fronto-medial (FM) region. Participants performed a combined flanker Go/No-Go task during stimulation. No effect of tDCS was found in the DLPFC and FM groups neither using anodal nor cathodal stimulation. No major adverse effects of tDCS were identified using either montage or stimulation type and the two groups did not differ in terms of the reported sensations. The present study suggests that single-session tDCS delivered in two two-electrode montages might not affect cognitive control or response inhibition, despite using widely popular stimulation parameters. This is in line with the heterogeneous findings in the field and calls for further systematic research to exclude less reliable methods from those with more pronounced effects, identify the determinants of responsiveness, and develop optimal ways to utilize this technique.
A semantic union model for open domain Chinese knowledge base question answering
Authors: Hao Huibin , Sun Xiang-e , Wei Jian
Published: July 2023

In Open-domain Chinese Knowledge Base Question Answering (ODCKBQA), most common simple questions can be answered by a single relational fact in the knowledge base (KB). The abbreviations, aliases, and nesting of entities in Chinese question sentences, and the gap between them and the structured semantics in the knowledge base, make it difficult for the system to accurately return answers. This study proposes a semantic union model (SUM), which concatenates candidate entities and candidate relationships, using a contrastive learning algorithm to learn the semantic vector representation of question and candidate entity-relation pairs, and perform cosine similarity calculations to simultaneously complete entity disambiguation and relation matching tasks. It can provide information for entity disambiguation through the relationships between entities, avoid error propagation, and improve the system performance. The experimental results show that the system achieves a good average F1 of 85.94% on the dataset provided by the NLPCC-ICCPOL 2016 KBQA task.
Individual-based predominance of visual input in multisensorial integration for balance is correlated with proprioceptive drift in rubber hand illusion
Authors: Özkan Esra , Özler Ceyda , Akar Kardelen , Youssef Hussein , Özmen Kaan , Şen Zümrüt Duygu , Vural Atay , Gürsoy-Özdemir Yasemin
Published: July 2023

Rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a traditional task that examines multisensory integration. The visual capture of tactile stimulus given to the seen rubber hand was considered to predominate the sensory processing and interfere with the bottom-up proprioceptive and tactile inputs received from the unseen real hand that results in mislocalization of participants hand towards rubber hand, namely proprioceptive drift (PD). Another task that requires multisensorial integration and shows a predominance of visual input is the maintenance of body posture. However, if the predominance of visual input in one task is generalizable to another task is yet to be elucidated. We aimed to examine if individual dependency on visual inputs in multisensorial integration in balance correlated with PD in RHI. Twenty healthy participants were recruited for the study and completed the RHI task. The contribution of visual inputs to the static body balance was measured with the instrumented clinical test of sensory interaction for balance and indexed with Romberg Quotient (RQ). We found a moderate positive correlation between PD and RQ. Individuals with more dependence on visual information in maintaining body posture had higher PD in RHI. Our results indicate that there can be an individual-based dependence on particular domains of sensory input preserved during different tasks of multisensorial integration. Future studies must clarify whether this tendency relates to certain physical or physiological traits.
A biomimetic approach for the concise total synthesis of greenwaylactams A–C
Authors: Kratena Nicolas , Weil Matthias , Gärtner Peter
Published: July 2023

A concise, racemic total synthesis of three sesquiterpenoid alkaloids (greenwaylactams A–C) exhibiting an unprecedented 8-membered benzolactam is disclosed.
Solar-blind UV photodetector array spotlights efficacy of gallium oxide
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: July 2023

Ultrawide bandgap semiconductor shows promise for Industry 4.0 optoelectronics.
Mathematical model could help ICU doctors regulate blood glucose
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: July 2023

Predicting insulin dosages for patients in emergency medical care helps lighten doctor and nurse workloads and improves patient outcomes.
An inverse problem for semilinear equations involving the fractional Laplacian
Authors: Kow Pu-Zhao , Ma Shiqi , Sahoo Suman Kumar
Published: July 2023

Our work concerns the study of inverse problems of heat and wave equations involving the fractional Laplacian operator with zeroth order nonlinear perturbations. We recover nonlinear terms in the semilinear equations from the knowledge of the fractional Dirichlet-to-Neumann type map combined with the Runge approximation and the unique continuation property of the fractional Laplacian.
Silicon electro-optic modulators based on microscopic photonic structures: from principles to advanced modulation formats
Authors: Yu Fuhao , Zeng Zhaobang , Ji Xiang , Tang Kaifei , Xin Yu , Wu Guihan , Mao Dun , Gu Tingyi , Huang Qingzhong , Jiang Wei
Published: July 2023

This paper reviews the progress of electro-optic modulators composed of silicon-based microscopic photonic structures. The basic principles, device structures, and advanced modulation capability of different geometric types are detailed for micro-ring modulators, photonic crystal modulators, and other related modulators. We illustrate the device operation mechanism with a focus on its photonic aspect and discuss their impacts on the modulator speed, power consumption, and thermal stabilities. The cavity enhancement and slow light effect significantly reduce the device footprint and power consumption, with the trade-off of limited operation wavelength range. Other emerging microscopic photonic structure-based silicon modulators for advanced modulation formats exhibit promising performance for further optimizations. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges and further directions of microscopic photonic structure-based silicon modulators for pertinent applications.
Sublattice spin reversal and field induced Fe3+ spin-canting across the magnetic compensation temperature in Y1.5Gd1.5Fe5O12 rare-earth iron garnet
Authors: Kuila Manik , Mardegan Jose , Tayal Akhil , Meneghini Carlo , Francoual Sonia , Reddy V Raghavendra
Published: July 2023

In the present work Fe3+ sublattice spin reversal and Fe3+ spin-canting across the magnetic compensation temperature (T

C
o
m
p

) are demonstrated in polycrystalline Y1.5Gd1.5Fe5O12 (YGdIG) by means of in-field

57

Fe

Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements. Corroborating in-field

57

Fe

Mössbauer measurements, both Fe3+ & Gd3+ sublattice spin reversal has also been manifested in hard x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements. From in-field 57
Fe Mössbauer measurements, estimation and analysis of effective internal hyperfine field (H

e
f
f

), relative intensity of absorption lines in a sextet elucidated unambiguously the signatures of Fe3+ spin reversal and field induced spin-canting of Fe3+ sublattices across T

C
o
m
p

. Gd L3-edge XMCD signal is observed to consist of an additional spectral feature, identified as Fe3+ magnetic contribution to XMCD spectra of Gd L3-edge, enabling us the extraction of both the sublattices (Fe3+ & Gd3+) information from a single absorption edge analysis. The evolution of the XMCD amplitudes, which is proportional to magnetic moments, as a function of temperature for both magnetic sublattices extracted at the Gd L3-edge reasonably match with values that are extracted from bulk magnetization data of YGdIG and YIG (Y3Fe5O12) and corresponding Fe K-edge XMCD amplitudes for Fe contribution. These measurements pave new avenues to investigate how the magnetic behavior of such complex system acts across the compensation point.
A novel calibration method for kinematic parameter errors of industrial robot based on Levenberg–Marquard and Beetle Antennae Search algorithm
Authors: Fan Mengyao , Zhao Huining , Wen Jie , Yu Liandong , Xia Haojie
Published: July 2023

In this paper, a new kinematic parameter error calibration method based on the Levenberg–Marquard and the beetle antennae search algorithm is proposed to enhance the positioning accuracy of the industrial robot. Firstly, the Modified Denavit–Hartenberg model is chosen to establish the kinematic model for the industrial robot. Secondly, the kinematic parameter errors are calibrated by Levenberg–Marquard algorithm and then obtain the kinematic parameter errors of the industrial robot. Thirdly, these kinematic parameter errors are taken as the center values for the initial individual of the beetle antennae search algorithm. The kinematic parameter errors are accurately calibrated using the beetle antennae search algorithm to obtain the best value for the kinematic parameter errors. Finally, experimental verification results demonstrate that the positioning error of the industrial robot is decreased from 0.7332 mm to 0.1392 mm by using the proposed Levenberg–Marquard and beetle antennae search algorithm. The results also demonstrate that the proposed Levenberg–Marquard and beetle antennae search algorithm calibrate the kinematic parameter errors of the industrial robot effectively and enhance the positioning accuracy of the industrial robot significantly.
An adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm based on maximum likelihood estimation
Authors: Wang Zili , Cheng Jianhua , Qi Bing , Cheng Sixiang , Chen Sicheng
Published: July 2023

Traditional adaptive Kalman filtering algorithms based on innovation are often used to solve the problem of reduced or even divergent filtering estimation accuracy under abnormal measurement noise. However, these algorithms are usually characterized by difficulties in selecting window width and window weight, which cannot simultaneously take into account the filtering tracking sensitivity and filtering accuracy. In this paper, an adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm based on maximum likelihood estimation is proposed, which determines the window size and window weight size under the kth moment by designing a window adaptive selection function and a weight function to change the innovation covariance at the kth moment, which in turn changes the measurement noise covariance at the kth moment, so that the measurement noise covariance is no longer a fixed single value, but can better adapt to the changes in the environment, reflecting good adaptive characteristics. The simulation results based on GPS/SINS integrated navigation system demonstrate that the new filtering algorithm of this paper reflects higher filtering accuracy and stronger robustness under the carrier in multiple motion states and accompanied by time-varying measurement noise interference. Compared with the traditional adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm based on innovation, the accuracy of attitude angle estimation error under this method is improved by 119.97%; the accuracy of velocity estimation error is improved by 264.42%; the accuracy of position estimation error is improved by 156.69%.
A dual-view network for fault diagnosis in rotating machinery using unbalanced data
Authors: Chen Zixu , Yu Wennian , Kong Chengcheng , Zeng Qiang , Wang Liming , Shao Yimin
Published: July 2023

Data-driven intelligent methods have demonstrated their effectiveness in the area of fault diagnosis. However, most existing studies are based on the assumption that the distributions of normal and faulty samples are balanced during the diagnostic process. This assumption significantly decreases the application range of a diagnostic model as the samples in most real-world scenarios are highly unbalanced. To cope with the limitations caused by unbalanced data, this paper proposed an original dual-view network (DVN). Firstly, an interactive graph modeling strategy is introduced for relationship information modeling of multi-sensor data. Meanwhile, the graph convolution operation is used as the baseline for feature extraction of the constructed interactive graph to mine for fault representations. Secondly, an original dual-view classifier consisting of a binary classifier and a multi-class classifier is proposed, which divides fault diagnosis into two stages. Specifically, in the first stage, the binary classifier performs the binary inference from the view of fault detection. In the second stage, the multi-class classifier performs the full-state inference from the view of fine-grained fault classification. Then, based on the dual-view classifier, a weight activation module is designed to alleviate training bias toward majority classes by sample-level re-weighting. Finally, the diagnosis results can be obtained according to the output of the multi-class classifier. Fault diagnosis experiments using two different datasets with varying data unbalance ratios were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The superiority of the proposed DVN is verified through comparisons with state-of-the-art methods. The effectiveness of the DVN is further validated through ablation studies with some ablative models. The DVN code is available at: https://github.com/CQU-ZixuChen/DualViewNetwork.
QTT Ultra-wideband Signal Acquisition and Baseband Data Recording System Design Based on the RFSoC Platform
Authors: Pei Xin , Li Jian , Duan Xuefeng , Zhang Hailong
Published: July 2023

The 110 m QiTai radio Telescope (QTT) will be equipped with multiple Ultra-WideBand (UWB) receivers in the primary and Gregory focus to achieve continuous frequency coverage from 270 MHz to 115 GHz, which poses great challenges to signal acquisition, transmission, and real-time processing. Aiming at 10 GHz and above full-bandwidth acquisition and multi-scientific processing for the QTT UWB signals, an experimental system with high-speed signal acquisition, 100 Gb network multi-path distribution, and fast recording is designed by using advanced direct RF-sampling technology and heterogeneous architecture. The system employs a ZCU111 board to digitize dual-polarization signals with a sampling rate of 4.096 GigaSamples-Per-Second and 12-bit quantization. The collected wideband signals are channelized into 2048 chunks, which are then assembled into 16 sets of digital narrow basebands with 128 MHz bandwidth and transmitted to the processing servers through two 100 Gb ports. A HASPIPE pipeline, UWB_HASHPIPE is designed to receive and store multiple subbands in parallel. Data distribution links can be flexibly configured based on IP addresses and port numbers. The system is verified by pulsar observation experiments on the Nanshan 26 m telescope. 512 MHz bandwidth is selected from the collected L-band receiver signals and recorded in VDIF file format with 8 parallel instances. The test results show that the data integrity is excellent, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the band-merged pulsar profile is stronger than single subband data. This paper provides a high-performance and flexible solution for the design of versatile UWB backends. Meanwhile, the developed platform can be integrated into QTT backends for baseband data collection and Very Long Baseline Interferometry observation.
Gyro orbit simulations of neutral beam injection in Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Lazerson Samuel A. , Kulla David , Hartmann Dirk A. , McNeely Paul , Rust Norbert
Published: July 2023

Simulations exploring neutral beam operation in Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) at reduced magnetic field are performed using a newly implemented gyro orbit model in the BEAMS3D code. Operation at field strengths below the nominal 2.5 T are seen as a path to explore both high beta plasmas and as a means to access magnetic configurations not possible at 2.5 T. As the field strength becomes smaller, the gyro radius for 55 keV fast protons grows from

∼

1

c
m

at 2.5 T to

∼

5

c
m

at 0.75 T in a device with minor radius

∼

50

c
m

bringing into question the applicability of the gyro center approximation. To address this a gyro orbit model was implemented in the BEAMS3D code. Agreement is found between the gyro center and gyro orbit models in a circular cross section tokamak equilibrium at high field. A set of W7-X equilibria are assessed with fixed density and temperature profiles but decreasing magnetic field strength (increasing plasma beta). Neutral beam deposition is found to be mostly unaffected with changes in the core of the plasma associated with the Shafranov-shift. In general good agreement is found between gyro orbit and gyro center simulations at 2.5 T. Both models indicate increasing losses with decreasing magnetic field strength with the gyro orbit losses being higher at all field strengths. Gyro orbit simulations to the first wall of W7-X show a change in loss pattern with decreasing magnetic field strength. A preliminary assessment of losses to fast ion loss detectors are made.
State of the Art: Acute Encephalitis
Authors: Bloch Karen C , Glaser Carol , Gaston David , Venkatesan Arun
Published: July 2023

Encephalitis is a devastating neurologic disease often complicated by prolonged neurologic deficits. Best practices for the management of adult patients include universal testing for a core group of etiologies, including herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, varicella zoster virus (VZV), enteroviruses, West Nile virus, and anti–N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) antibody encephalitis. Empiric acyclovir therapy should be started at presentation and in selected cases continued until a second HSV-1 polymerase chain reaction test is negative. Acyclovir dose can be increased for VZV encephalitis. Supportive care is necessary for other viral etiologies. Patients in whom no cause for encephalitis is identified represent a particular challenge. Management includes repeat brain magnetic resonance imaging, imaging for occult malignancy, and empiric immunomodulatory treatment for autoimmune conditions. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) or brain biopsy should be considered. The rapid pace of discovery regarding autoimmune encephalitis and the development of advanced molecular tests such as NGS have improved diagnosis and outcomes. Research priorities include development of novel therapeutics.
How Do Consociations Craft Asylum Policy? Lebanon’s Response to Conflict-Induced Displacement as an Exploratory Case
Authors: Fakhoury Tamirace , McCulloch Allison
Published: July 2023

How do consociations craft their asylum policy, and how do they deal with the rights of “others”? Research has started to explore the relationship between consociational governance and non-ethnic or non-sectarian social groups. Yet, we still know little about how consociations interact with refugee flight on the one hand, and with the ethics of refugee protection on the other. As a form of thick institutional complexity, consociationalism risks limiting the ability of the state to respond to refugee displacement in a manner that is timely, effective, and which respects the rights and dignity of displaced individuals. We draw on Lebanon’s response to the arrival of some 1.5 million displaced individuals in the country since the start of Syria’s lethal conflict in 2011 as an exploratory case study that seeks to further knowledge on how consociations craft and implement their asylum policy. Specifically, we consider three mechanisms of immobilism that constrain the crafting of unified, responsive, and inclusive asylum policy and that are posed by the consociational state apparatus itself: ethnicization/sectarianization, procrastination, and fragmentation. Building on Lebanon’s patterns of refugee policymaking, we show how these mechanisms mutually reinforce one another, backfiring on policy congruence as well as refugee rights and protection.
Hospitalizations and severe complications following acute sinusitis in general practice: a registry-based cohort study
Authors: Skow Marius , Fossum Guro H , Høye Sigurd , Straand Jørund , Brænd Anja Maria , Emilsson Louise
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To investigate complication rates of acute sinusitis in general practice, and whether antibiotic prescribing had an impact on complication rate.

Methods

All adult patients diagnosed with sinusitis in Norwegian general practice between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2019 were included. GP consultation data from the Norwegian Control and Payment for Health Reimbursements Database were linked with antibiotic prescriptions (Norwegian Prescription Database) and hospital admissions (Norwegian Patient Registry). Main outcomes were sinusitis-related hospitalizations and severe complications within 30 days. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between antibiotic prescriptions, prespecified risk factors, individual GP prescribing quintile, and outcomes.

Results

A total of 711 069 episodes of acute sinusitis in 415 781 patients were identified. During the study period, both annual episode rate (from 30.2 to 21.2 per 1000 inhabitants) and antibiotic prescription rate (63.3% to 46.5%; P < 0.001) decreased. Yearly hospitalization rate was stable at 10.0 cases per 10 000 sinusitis episodes and the corresponding rate of severe complications was 3.2, with no yearly change (P = 0.765). Antibiotic prescribing was associated with increased risk of hospitalization [adjusted OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.5–2.1)] but not with severe complications. Individual GP prescribing quintile was not associated with any of the outcomes, whereas risk factors such as previous drug abuse, or head injury, skull surgery or malformations, and being immunocompromised were significantly associated with increased risk of both outcomes.

Conclusions

Severe complications of acute sinusitis were rare and no protective effect of high prescribing practice among GPs was found. Recommendations to further reduce antibiotic prescribing are generally encouraged, except for high-risk groups.