bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stream temperature responses to partial-harvest logging in riparian buffers of boreal mixedwood forest watersheds
Authors: Kreutzweiser David P. , Capell Scott S. , Holmes Stephen B.
Published: April 2009

As part of a larger study to examine the operational feasibility, ecological benefits, and environmental impacts of partial-harvest logging in riparian buffers along boreal mixedwood forest streams, we determined the effects on summer stream temperatures. Three logged study reaches were compared with three reference reaches over two prelogging and two postlogging summers. Partial-harvest logging resulted in an average removal of 10%, 20%, and 28% of the basal area from riparian buffers at the three logged sites. At the two more intensively logged sites, there were small (<10%) reductions in canopy cover (P = 0.024) and no significant changes in light at stream surfaces (P > 0.18). There were no measurable impacts on stream temperatures at two of the three logged sites. At the most intensively logged site, daily maximum temperatures were significantly higher (∼4 °C) for about 6 weeks in the first summer after logging than in prelogging years or at the reference sites (P < 0.001). Temperature increases were attributed to a logging-induced temporary disruption of cool water inputs from ground disturbance in a lateral-input seep area. Our results indicate that partial-harvest logging in riparian buffers of boreal mixedwood forest streams can sustain effective canopy cover and mitigate logging-induced water temperature increases.
Tenth-year survival and size of underplanted seedlings in the Oregon Coast Range
Authors: Cole Elizabeth , Newton Michael
Published: April 2009

This study initiated a two-aged forest stand structure by underplanting 50-year-old stands, primarily of Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) and Douglas-fir – western hemlock ( Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), thinned to 19–33 m2/ha on interior and coastal sites in the Oregon Coast Range. Douglas-fir, grand fir ( Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.) (interior site only), western hemlock, and western redcedar ( Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) were planted following thinning either uniformly or in gaps of 0.06 or 0.1 ha. Understory vegetation treatments included (i) a preharvest site preparation herbicide application and an untreated control at both sites and (ii) a postharvest herbicide release treatment at the interior site. Planting conditions and stock at the interior site were not ideal, so survival was adjusted for first-year mortality. Adjusted 10 year survival ranged from 27% to 56% for Douglas-fir, 47% to 65% for western hemlock, 61% to 80% for grand fir, and 78% to 96% for western redcedar. Tenth-year survival at the coastal site ranged from 79% to 92% for Douglas-fir, 61% to 75% for western hemlock, and 67% to 86% for western redcedar. All species grew moderately well beneath the lowest-density overstories, and size was better within gaps than matrices for most species. Understory site preparation improved size for most species. Browsing on Douglas-fir and western redcedar impacted size on both sites.
Western redcedar response to precommercial thinning and fertilization through 25 years posttreatment
Authors: Devine Warren D. , Harrington Constance A.
Published: April 2009

There is little information available on the long-term effects of managing western redcedar ( Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don). In a 15- to 20-year-old naturally regenerated second-growth redcedar stand on a poor site on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington, we tested crop tree (largest 250 trees·ha–1) response to precommercial thinning and fertilization in a replicated study. Fertilization treatments were N or N+P applied at study installation and year 13; precommercial thinning occurred at installation. Precommercial thinning without fertilization produced a sustained increase in periodic individual-tree basal area (BA) growth rate from years 3 through 25 posttreatment. However, through year 12, higher BA growth rates resulted from fertilization. During years 13 through 25, when intraspecific competition increased, the highest BA growth rate resulted from the combination of fertilization and precommercial thinning. Compared with the unthinned–unfertilized control, fertilization without thinning increased year-25 crop-tree height by 34% and BA by 137%; thinning without fertilization increased height by 11% and BA by 91%. Height to live-crown base was decreased by thinning but increased by fertilization, while thinning significantly increased stem taper on the lower bole. Treatment responses and foliar analyses indicate crop tree growth was substantially limited by nutrient availability.
Environmental and genetic effects on crown shape in young loblolly pine plantations
Authors: Chmura Daniel J. , Tjoelker Mark G. , Martin Timothy A.
Published: April 2009

Tree crown shape is an important trait affecting the light environment in forest canopies. We examined genetic and environmental effects on outer crown shape of young single-family stands of loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.). Crown diameter profiles were measured after canopy closure at four experimental sites in the southeastern US. The two examined families of contrasting aboveground productivity differed in crown length but not in their outer crown shapes or crown shape ratios, defined as the ratio of crown diameter to crown length. Within each site, intensive silvicultural treatment, consisting of fertilization and control of competing vegetation, had little effect upon crown shape. A strongly significant effect of site on crown shape parameters was found in the family grown at all four experimental sites; however, density differences among the experimental series likely accounted for a part of the across-sites variation in crown shape. In contrast to other studies on crown shape in trees, and to findings at age 2 years in the same stands, we conclude that family effects on the outer crown shape were small compared with the environmental effects in these 5-year-old pine plantations, following canopy closure.
Physiological acclimation of Pinus flexilis to drought stress on contrasting slope aspects in Waterton Lakes National Park, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Letts Matthew G. , Nakonechny Kevin N. , Van Gaalen K. Eric , Smith Cyndi M.
Published: April 2009

Photosynthetic gas-exchange characteristics were measured in Pinus flexilis James (limber pine) during two drought years in a xeric, subalpine ecosystem of the Rocky Mountains. Limber pine exhibited conservative water-use traits, including low specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen, stomatal conductance, transpiration (E), and light-saturated net photosynthesis (Amax), but exhibited high needle longevity, water-use efficiency (Amax/E), and stable carbon isotope composition. Net photosynthesis declined strongly with leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit, resulting in a bimodal seasonal pattern of Amax. Although very little gas exchange was observed in late summer, photosynthetic activity extended into October. The avoidance of gas exchange during high atmospheric demand maximized whole-season water-use efficiency. Leaf temperature and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit were higher on south-facing slopes during both moderate (2006) and severe (2007) drought. Severe drought caused lower stomatal conductance and E on the southeast-facing slope, but neither Amax nor canopy reflectance indices differed among slope aspects. Although Amax was lower in 2007 than 2006, branch-length increment did not differ. Foliar stable carbon isotope composition was higher in needles produced in dry years but did not vary among slope aspects. These results indicate that physiological acclimation to water stress prevented among-aspect differences in Amax and that shoulder-season photosynthesis may become increasingly important in a warmer climate.
Some little-known and new protozoan parasites of fish from Lake Sasajewun, Algonquin Park, Ontario
Authors: Lom Jiří , Desser Sherwin S. , Dyková Iva
Published: April 2009

One hundred and twenty-six fish of eight species, taken from Lake Sasajewun, Ontario, were examined for protozoan parasites. Detailed descriptions are given for Sphaerospora diminuta Li and Desser from the pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus, and for Goussia degiustii Molnar and Fernando from the common shiner, Notropis cornutus. Oocysts of G. degiustii are pleomorphic and exhibit low tissue specificity. Goussia freemani Molnar and Fernando from the kidney of N. cornutus is tentatively synonymized with Goussia leucisci Shulman and Zaika. Two new species of Sphaerospora are described: Sphaerospora paulini n.sp. from the renal tubules of creek chub, Semotilus atromaculatus, with spherical spores 8.1 (8.0–8.5) μm in diameter, containing ovoid polar capsules 2.8 (2.5–3.4) × 2.6 (2.5–3.0) μm, and polar filament with 4–5 coils; and Sphaerospora hankai n.sp. from the renal tubules of the brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus, with subspherical spores 6.1 (5.4–6.6) × 6.0 (5.4–6.5) μm, unequal subspherical polar capsules (larger, 2.8 (2.5–3.1) × 2.7 (2.3–2.9) μm; smaller, 2.4 (2.1–2.6) × 2.0 (1.9–2.2) μm), and polar filament with 4–5 coils in larger capsule, 3–4 coils in smaller capsule. Eimeria patersoni n.sp. is described from the kidney, spleen, and liver of L. gibbosus. Oocysts are subspherical (11.9 × 10.6), sporocysts ellipsoidal (10.4 (9.9–11.2) × 3.5 (2.6–4.0) μm), and sporozoites stubby (3.6 × 2.0 μm); sporocyst residuum has 1–3 large granules.
Ovarian development in female armyworm moths, Pseudaletia unipuncta: its relationship with pheromone release activities
Authors: Cusson Michel , McNeil Jeremy N.
Published: April 2009

Following a chronological evaluation of ovarian maturation in virgin females, the temporal relationship between oocyte development and the initiation of calling in Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was investigated. One hundred and sixty females were observed daily during the last 2 h of the scotophase for a period of 2–8 days after emergence. Every day, females that called for the first time were sacrificed at lights-on for pheromone titer analysis and oocyte measurements and egg counts. Concurrently, noncallers of the same age were randomly selected and submitted to the same analyses. Although some females started calling and synthesizing pheromone before their oocytes reached maturity (0.59 mm in width), none with basal oocytes smaller than 0.33 mm in width (N = 17) called and only three had detectable pheromone titers (ca. 2 ng). First-time callers on days 2–5 after emergence had greater (i) numbers of mature eggs, (ii) basal oocyte widths, and (iii) pheromone titers than noncallers of the same age, although differences were not always statistically significant. Ovaries of females that initiated calling on days 3–5 were at a similar developmental stage, but were significantly more mature than those of females calling for the first time on day 2.
Geographic and sexual variation in the skull of Pacific coast marten (Martes americana)
Authors: Giannico Guillermo R. , Nagorsen David W.
Published: April 2009

From multivariate analyses of 25 cranial measurements, we assessed geographic and sexual variation in three island and two mainland samples of Pacific coast marten (Marten americana) from the caurina subspecies group. Three morphological groups were evident: the first from Queen Charlotte Islands, the second from Alexander Archipelago and Alaska Panhandle, and the third from Vancouver Island and the southern British Columbia coast. We concluded that the subspecies M. a. nesophila should be restricted to the Queen Charlotte Islands; Vancouver Island and southern British Columbia coastal marten are aligned with M. a. caurina. Alaskan marten showed some affinities with the americana subspecies group. The strong differentiation of M. a. nesophila is concordant with the isolation and unique selection regime of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Sexual dimorphism was most pronounced in island samples; possible explanations for this trend are discussed.
Winter diet of Vancouver Island marten (Martes americana)
Authors: Nagorsen David W. , Morrison Karen F. , Forsberg Joan E.
Published: April 2009

Digestive tracts from 701 marten (Martes americana) of known sex and age taken during the 1983–1986 fur harvests were used to determine winter diet of marten from Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Small mammals, deer, birds, and salmonid fish were the major food items. Marten exploited nine species of small mammals including four introduced species, but more than 50% of the small mammal prey were deer mice (Peromyscus spp.). We attributed most deer remains to carrion. Avian prey was primarily small passerine and piciform species with Winter Wrens (Troglodytes troglodytes) accounting for about 40% of the identifiable bird remains. Salmon remains were from bait consumption and fish exploited during the spawning runs. Although minor intersexual variation in diet was evident with females consuming more small mammals and small birds, dietary overlap between sexes was pronounced in this insular population.
The distribution of right whales and Zooplankton in the Bay of Fundy, Canada
Authors: Murison L. D. , Gaskin D. E.
Published: April 2009

Temperature, salinity, density of Zooplankton patches, and the abundance of right whales (Eubalaena glacialis glacialis) were measured concurrently during summer and autumn of 1983 and 1984 over the Grand Manan Basin, outer Bay of Fundy. Right whales appeared to exploit patches of copepods at densities greater than about 820/m3 (170 mg m−3). Patches were composed primarily of stage V Calanus finmarchicus at depths ≥ 100 m during daylight hours. Patch densities were similar in 1983 and 1984. Potential right whale feeding areas increased in extent from late July to October, with at least two peaks of copepod biomass occurring in 1984. Right whales appear to exploit euphausiid patches in the bay only incidentally; the whales departed in 1984 when euphausiid biomass was at a maximum. The topography of the basin, prevailing summer currents, and orientation of transition zones from mixed to stratified water all combine to facilitate accumulation of copepods from the Scotian Shelf and Gulf of Maine in the central lower Bay of Fundy. This area provides an important feeding ground for this stenophagous whale species.
Seasonal variation in body weight, fat, and behavior of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)
Authors: Holekamp Kay E. , Nunes Scott
Published: April 2009

Annual cycles of activity and reproduction were documented in a population of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) in coastal California. Behavior, body mass, and reproduction were monitored in marked individuals between November 1983 and January 1986 through regular focal animal observation and livetrapping. Mass measures for reproductive tracts and gonadal fat pads were concurrently collected from a separate population of animals sacrificed in the laboratory. Mass and feeding behavior varied with sex and age. Surface activity, body weight, fat pad mass, and food consumption appeared to be closely related in this population. Fat pad mass was greater in nonreproductive than in reproductively active members of both sexes, as was body mass among males. Female body mass was greatest during pregnancy. Comparisons among reproductive status groups within each sex revealed significant differences in feeding, resting, vigilance, locomotor activity, and social behavior. Comparison with other populations suggested that S. beecheyi is highly variable with respect to demography, seasonal activity, timing of reproduction, and social behavior.
Social experience influences preferences in black ducks and mallards
Authors: Brodsky Lynn M. , Ankney C. Davison , Dennis Darrell G.
Published: April 2009

The influence of social experience on the preferences for a potential mate in a captive population of black ducks, Anas rubripes, and mallards, Anas platyrhynchos, was examined. Birds were reared from hatching with conspecifics (i.e., female black ducks with male black ducks, female mallards with male mallards), or were cross-fostered with the other species (i.e., female black ducks with male mallards, female mallards with male black ducks). Preferences of individuals were tested in a chamber containing caged black ducks and mallards of the opposite sex. In over 90% (100/109) of the trials, males and females preferred the species that they were raised with since hatching, whether they were of the same species or not. These results demonstrate that social experience influences the social preferences of male and female black ducks and mallards.
Synlophe of Nematodirus odocoilei (Trichostrongyloidea) from deer and caribou in North America with comments on the evolution of Nematodirus spp. among the Cervidae (Artiodactyla)
Authors: Hoberg Eric P. , Fruetel Michael , Rickard Lora G.
Published: April 2009

The synlophe for specimens of Nematodirus odocoilei from deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) is characterized. In the cervical region, at the level of the cervical papillae, there are 36–42 and 38–47 ridges of variable height in males and females, respectively. Sixteen ridges extend to the cephalic expansion. In males, 34–40 ridges occur at midbody, and the synlophe extends posteriad to within 50 μm of the prebursal papillae. In females, 36–42 ridges occur at midbody; the maximum number of ridges occurs posterior to the vulva (50) with a decrease again posteriad. The synlophe is continuous and extends to the caudal extremity of females. Based on concepts of parasite–host biogeography, both host switching and coevolution appear as determinants in the relationships of Nematodirus spp. and cervids. An evaluation of parasite morphology and host–parasite biogeography suggests that in the plesiomorphic condition the synlophe is composed of a high number of ridges as exemplified by Nematodirus spp. from cervids and neotropical camelids.
Systematics and biology for a new Nearctic genus in the caddisfly family Phryganeidae (Trichoptera)
Authors: Wiggins Glenn B. , Larson David J.
Published: April 2009

Discovery of the larval and pupal stages of the northern North American species Fabria complicata (Banks) reveals that the pupal mandibles are degenerate and that a silken sieve membrane is not constructed across the anterior opening of the case at pupation. Supporting this relationship with the small aberrant group of adecticous genera in the Phryganeidae are several other derived structural characters of larvae (long antennae, mesonotal sclerites) and adults (complex structure of segments IX and X of male genitalia), and of case-making behaviour (discrete rings instead of a continuous spiral). However, because complicata cannot be interpreted as monophyletic with any of these genera, recognition of a new genus, Beothukus, is required. Larvae of the population of B. complicatus studied in Newfoundland were found in small sphagnum bog pools where pH ranged from 4.2 to 4.9, and fed on algae, insects, and crustaceans; the species is univoltine at this site. Beothukus complicatus (Banks) is a noteworthy species because it is one of the few Trichoptera known to live in bog pools of low pH, and because it is another of the exceptions invalidating the widespread perception that all Trichoptera have decticous pupae.
Responses of several fish species to pH gradients
Authors: Peterson R. H. , Coombs K. , Power J. , Paim U.
Published: April 2009

The responses of 11 fish species to a continuous pH gradient (usually pH 4–10) were observed to obtain information on avoidance–preference behavior. Under uniform pH conditions, all species were found most frequently near the ends of the apparatus, particularly near the inflow. Imposition of a pH gradient altered the distribution for most species, with the region of lowest pH usually being avoided. Estimated low pH avoidance thresholds were 4.1 for yellow perch, 4.5 for white sucker, 4.7 for brook charr, 5.1 for banded killifish, 5.2 for Arctic charr, 5.4 for common shiner and blacknose dace, 5.5 for threespine stickleback, 5.7 for creek chub, and 5.9 for rainbow trout. Preferred pH ranges were usually 5–7 to 7–9. The distribution of rainbow trout in calcium gradients was not significantly different from that in uniform calcium conditions. Avoidance thresholds of the various species were generally similar to pH levels limiting natural distributions as derived from various lake and stream surveys.
Developmental stages of Alebion lobatus Cressey, 1970 (Copepoda: Euryphoridae) found parasitic on the sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827)) in the western North Atlantic, and a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Alebion Krøyer, 1863
Authors: Benz George W.
Published: April 2009

Three stages of copepodids, two preadults, and male and female adult Alebion lobatus collected from sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus) in the western North Atlantic are described. Copepodids were found on the external body surface of hosts in hollows which were apparently formed by the absence of one to several placoid scales. A frontal filament was not observed in any developmental stage and the second antennae appeared to be the primary prehensile appendages. Two equally most parsimonious cladograms are presented as hypotheses of phylogenetic relationship for the eight known species of Alebion.
Effects of constant and fluctuating temperatures on egg production in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Authors: Boulé Vital , Fitzgerald Gerard J.
Published: April 2009

Female threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) spend only 9–15 days on the spawning grounds, an intertidal salt marsh at Isle Verte, Quebec, during a 2-month breeding season. Individuals average only one spawning. However, in the laboratory they lay clutches of several hundred eggs every 3–5 days for several months. We designed laboratory experiments to determine (i) whether daily temperature fluctuations similar to those encountered in the marsh affect reproduction (number of clutches, number of eggs per clutch, and size of eggs) and (ii) whether the amplitude of the fluctuations encountered by the fish affects reproduction. We compared the reproduction of females held in fluctuating temperatures with that of females kept at 20 °C. Fish kept under fluctuating conditions produced more eggs per clutch but had longer interspawning intervals than those at 20 °C. Total seasonal egg production and egg size did not differ between the two groups. Fish in fluctuating temperatures survived longer and were in better condition than those at 20 °C. We conclude that the amplitude of the fluctuations is less important than mean temperature in determining reproductive performance. Fluctuating temperatures on the spawning grounds are not responsible for the short residency there.
Effect of leg type and sex on autotomy in the Texas bush katydid, Scudderia texensis
Authors: Dixon Kevin A.
Published: April 2009

Katydids of Scudderia texensis autotomized legs by severing the femur with their mandibles. Autotomy of legs was delayed in males relative to females and in individuals autotomizing a leg bearing a tympanum relative to individuals autotomizing a nontympanal leg when autotomy was experimentally induced in the field. These data are related to the functions of the different legs in the two sexes.
Susceptibility of the cockroach Periplaneta americana to Heterorhabditis heliothidis (Nematoda: Rhabditoidea) in the laboratory
Authors: Zervos S. , Webster J. M.
Published: April 2009

Under ideal exposure conditions, the nematode Heterorhabditis heliothidis (strain T327) killed members of all instars of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. Mortality was greatest in young instars and decreased with host age such that few larger nymphs or adults were killed. Infection led to the production of dauer juveniles in young cockroaches. In some adult cockroaches, nematode death in the haemocoel was due to encapsulation and melanization.
REDUCTION GRAPHS FROM OVERLAP GRAPHS FOR GENE ASSEMBLY IN CILIATES
Authors: BRIJDER ROBERT , HOOGEBOOM HENDRIK JAN , ROZENBERG GRZEGORZ
Published: April 2009

Ciliates are unicellular organisms having two types of functionally different nuclei: micronucleus and macronucleus. Gene assembly transforms a micronucleus into a macronucleus, thereby transforming each gene from its micronuclear form to its macronuclear form. Within a formal intramolecular model of gene assembly based on strings, the notion of reduction graph represents the macronuclear form of a gene, including byproducts, given only a description of the micronuclear form of that gene. For a more abstract model of gene assembly based on graphs, one cannot, in general, define the notion of reduction graphs. We show that if we restrict ourselves to the so-called realistic overlap graphs (which correspond to genes occurring in nature), then the notion of reduction graph can be defined in a manner equivalent to the string model. This allows one to carry over from the string model to the graph model several results that rely on the notion of reduction graph.
HADRON PHYSICS AT LEPS/SPRING-8
Authors:   for the LEPS collaboration, NAKANO TAKASHI
Published: April 2009

The linearly polarized photon beam at SPring-8 is produced by backward-Compton scattering of laser photons from 8 GeV electrons. The current LEPS facility studies photo-production of hadrons in the forward angles, where the high linear polarization plays an essential role to decompose various reaction processes. In this talk, we report on the recent results from LEPS including the latest status of the Θ+ study.
RECENT RESULTS FROM BESII AND THE STATUS OF BEPCII/BESIII
Authors:   for BES Collaboration, SHEN XIAOYAN
Published: April 2009

We reported the observation of Y(2175) in ɸf0(980) mass spectrum in J/ψ → ηɸf0(980) with f0(980) → π+π-, the partial wave analysis results of J/ψ → γɸɸ, the measurement of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and the observation of [Formula: see text] threshold enhancement in [Formula: see text], based on 5.8 × 107 J/ψ events collected at BESII. We reported the measurement of ψ(2S) radiative decays with 1.4 × 107 ψ(2S) events and the measurement of D decay branching fractions with 33 pb-1 data collected at and around 3.773 GeV as well. The status of BESIII/BEPCII project is also presented.
EXCITED HYPERONS PRODUCED IN PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS WITH ANKE AT COSY
Authors: ZYCHOR IZABELLA
Published: April 2009

Excited neutral hyperons Y0* produced in the pp → pK+Y0* reaction with a COSY beam momentum of 3.65 MeV/c have masses below 1540 MeV/c2. The ANKE spectrometer allows the simultaneous observation of different decay modes: Y0* → π0Σ0, π∓Σ±, π0Λ, K-p by measuring kaons and pions of either charge in coincidence with protons.

We have found indications for a neutral excited hyperon resonance Y0* with a mass of M(Y0*) = (1480 ± 15) MeV / c 2 and a width of Γ(Y0*) = (60±15) MeV / c 2. The cross section for Y0* is of the order of few hundred nanobarns. It can be either a Σ0 or a Λ hyperon and on the basis of existing data no conclusion could be made whether it is a three–quark baryon or an exotic state.

Missing- and invariant–mass techniques have been used to identify the Λ(1405) resonance decaying via Σ0π0. The cross section for Λ(1405) production is equal to (4.5 ± 0.9 stat ± 1.8 syst ) µb. The shape and position of the Λ(1405) distribution are similar to those found from other decay modes, so no support is given to the two-pole model.
NON–STRANGE MESON PRODUCTION WITH HADRONIC PROBES
Authors: HANHART C.
Published: April 2009

Recent progress in the field of meson production in hadron collisions is presented. Special emphasis is put new developments in the application of effective field theory methods to pion production, but also theoretical concepts for two–pion, η, and vector–meson production will be presented.
STRANGENESS PRODUCTION
Authors: SIBIRTSEV A.
Published: April 2009

The general features of strangeness production in pion-proton and proton-proton collisions are discussed. Systematic analysis of the p+p data allows to conclude that the dynamics of strangeness production at high energies is dominated by the pion exchange mechanism. That actually explains similarities between pion and proton induced reactions. Among many others features the excitation of baryon resonances coupled to strangeness is most prominent observation. However at low energies the p+p interactions allow as well for the vector meson and strange meson exchanges. The question is whether such distinctive picture of the strangeness production in proton collisions is appropriate or not? I will propose how this point can be tested with polarization measurement, which will be done in near future.
THEORETICAL STUDY ON pp → pnπ+ REACTION AT MEDIUM ENERGIES
Authors: OUYANG ZHEN , XIE JU-JUN , ZOU BING-SONG , XU HU-SHAN
Published: April 2009

The pp → pnπ+ reaction is a channel with the largest total cross section for pp collision in COSY/CSR energy region. In this work, we investigate individual contributions from various N* and ∆* resonances with mass up to about 2 GeV for the pp → pnπ+ reaction. We extend a resonance model, which can reproduce the observed total cross section quite well, to give theoretical predictions of various differential cross sections for the present reaction at Tp = 2.88 GeV . It could serve as a reference for identifying new physics in the future experiments at HIRFL-CSR.
DIBARYON SIGNALS IN NN SCATTERING DATA AND FURTHER MEASUREMENT AT COSY, LEPS AND CSR
Authors: WANG FAN , PING JIALUN , HUANG HONGXIA , PANG HOURONG , WONG CHUN-WA
Published: April 2009

The N Δ and ΔΔ dibaryon resonances are studied by calculating the NN scattering phase shifts with explicitly coupling these dibaryon channels in a multi-channel coupling calculation with two quark models. These quark models, the chiral quark model and quark delocalization color screening model, describe the NN S-, D-wave phase shifts below the π production threshold quantitatively well. Both quark models predict that the 1D2 resonance discovered in NN partial wave phase shift analysis and the J = 1 or 3 isoscalar resonance recently reported by CELSIUS-WASA Collaboration are N Δ5S2 and ΔΔ7S3 resonance respectively. Further measurements at COSY, LEPS and Lanzhou Cooling Storage Ring (CSR) to check the ΔΔ resonance are discussed.
Λ-HYPERNUCLEUS PRODUCTION IN PROTON-INDUCED REACTION
Authors: SHEN PENGNIAN , JING HANTAO , CHIANG HUANQING
Published: April 2009

The Λ-hypernucleus (LHN) production in the proton-induced reaction is studied in the distorted wave impulse approximation(DWIA). The cross sections for the LHN production in the reactions where the proton bombards the 6Li, 12C and 16O targets, respectively, are calculated. It is shown that the reaction cross sections are of the order of μb, and the distortion effects tend to reduce the cross sections by a factor of 3~10. For the sΛ–LHN production, the differential cross section is decreased with the increasing mass of the target nucleus. The pΛ–LHN production cross section is normally higher than that for the sΛ–LHN production. The double differential cross sections (DDXS) with respect to the momenta of the outgoing proton and kaon are also demonstrated. The missing mass spectra of the inclusive reaction p+A → p+K++X for the 6Li, 12C and 16O targets, an alternative way to study hypernuclear physics, are proposed. From these spectra, the masses of LHN can accurately be extracted. Moreover, the exotic LHN production in the same type of reaction is also studied . The same physical quantities are calculated. It is shown that the magnitude of the cross section is also in the order of μb. The halo effect of the core nucleus that locates at a place far away from the stable line would make the wave function broader, and consequently reduces the production cross section.
MULTIQUARK EXOTICS STUDY
Authors: PING JIALUN , DENG CHENGRONG , WANG FAN
Published: April 2009

We propose and study a tetra-quark state with a cyclobutadiene-like color structure, based on a color string model. Calculation with quadratic confinement and multi-string junctions shows that such a state has a ground state energy similar to that of other hidden color, tetra-quark states proposed so far. By including one-gluon exchange and one-Goldstone exchange potentials, and under the constraint of giving a good description of the meson spectroscopy, the calculation shows that Y(2175) may be a tetraquark state [Formula: see text]. The theoretical mass is about 2178 MeV, which is very close to the experimental value. The present work emphasizes that the multi-body interactions are important for multiquark systems.
MASS AND LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS AT THE PRESENT ESR FACILITY
Authors: LITVINOV YURI A.
Published: April 2009

Mass and lifetime measurements of stored exotic nuclei is one of the successful experimental programs at the FRS-ESR facility of GSI, Darmstadt. Two experimental techniques, namely Isochronous and time-resolved Schottky mass spectrometry have been developed. Nuclides in a very broad range of half-lives starting from stable down to only a few ten microseconds can be addressed. Single stored ions can be measured which makes these techniques highly efficient. More than 1100 atomic masses have been measured meanwhile. Half-life measurements are performed with bare and few-electron ions. Decay properties of such highly-charged ions can be dramatically different from the ones known in neutral atoms. Single-particle decay spectroscopy has been developed for investigations of two-body beta decays. A brief description of the experimental methods and recent results will be presented. Future experiments at the present facility and the perspectives with the new NuSTAR/ILIMA project at FAIR will be outlined.
LARGE-SCALE MASS MEASUREMENTS OF SHORT-LIVED NUCLIDES WITH THE ISOCHRONOUS MASS SPECTROMETRY AT GSI
Authors: SUN B. , KNÖBEL R. , LITVINOV YU. A. , NAKAJIMA S. , GEISSEL H. , MENG J. , BECKERT K. , BOSCH F. , BOUTIN D. , BRANDAU C. , CHEN L. , CULLEN I. J. , DIMOPOULOU C. , FABIAN B. , HAUSMANN M. , KLEPPER O. , KOZHUHAROV C. , KURCEWICZ J. , LITVINOV S. A. , MAZZOCCO M. , MONTES F. , MÜNZENBERG G. , MUSUMARRA A. , NOCIFORO C. , NOLDEN F. , OHTSUBO T. , OZAWA A. , PATYK Z. , PLAß W. R. , SCHEIDENBERGER C. , STECK M. , SUZUKI T. , WALKER P. M. , WEICK H. , WINCKLER N. , WINKLER M. , YAMAGUCHI T.
Published: April 2009

Precise mass measurements of short-lived exotic nuclei are very important for the understanding of basic nuclear structure physics and astrophysical nucleosynthesis in nature, as well as for the test and the development of theoretical nuclear mass models. At GSI, the Isochronous Mass Spectrometry (IMS) dedicated to mass measurements of short-lived nuclides was developed. In this contribution, the IMS technique is briefly reviewed. Recently, the first large-scale measurement on the 238 U fission fragment was done successfully. The measured mass values are in excellent agreement with the recent Penning trap data, however, they show a systematical deviation from the values in the latest atomic mass evaluation. Some representative results from this experiment will be presented, including their impact on nuclear structure physics and astrophysical r-process nucleosynthesis.
FIRST ISOCHRONOUS MASS MEASUREMENTS AT CSRe
Authors: Wang M. , Xu H. S. , Xia J. W. , Tu X. L. , Mao R. S. , Yuan Y. J. , Hu Z. G. , Liu Y. , Zhang H. B. , Zang Y. D. , Zhao T. C. , Zhang X. Y. , Fu F. , Yang J. C. , Mao L. J. , Xiao C. , Xiao G. Q. , Zhao H. W. , Zhan W. L.
Published: April 2009

With the commissioning of the Cooler Storage Ring at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL-CSR), a pilot experiment operating the CSRe in isochronous mode to test the power of HIRFL-CSR for measuring the mass of the short-lived nucleus was performed in December of 2007. The transition point γt of CSRe in isochronous mode is 1.395 which corresponds to the energy about 368 MeV/u for the ions with atomic number-to-charge ratio A/q = 2. The fragments with A/q = 2 of 36 Ar were injected into CSRe and their revolution frequencies were measured with a fast time pick-up detector with a thin foil in the circulating path of the ions. A mass resolution of better than 105 for m/Δm was achieved.
ATOMIC PHYSICS AT STORAGE RINGS: RECENT RESULTS FROM THE ESR AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES AT FAIR
Authors: WINTERS D. F. A. , STÖHLKER TH.
Published: April 2009

At the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH (GSI), atomic physics research focusses on spectroscopy of simple atomic systems at high-Z, where both the structure as well as the dynamics are determined by extreme electromagnetic fields. The Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) enables us to store these ions for long periods of time, under ideal circumstances, and to perform high-precision experiments. By means of advanced laser, target, and detector technology, we are able to address the still largely unexplored physics of these simple but exotic systems. In this paper we present some important aspects of the current and future atomic physics program, and show recent results from the ESR.
PRECISE NUCLEAR PHYSICS MEASUREMENTS WITH ION TRAPS
Authors: HERFURTH FRANK
Published: April 2009

Ion traps are well suited for precision measurements also with exotic and rare species as radioactive nuclei. They provide a well controlled storage volume, stable fields and the means to handle the ion sample. The applications are first of all precise mass measurements and the therewith connected physics questions. Furthermore, ion traps are used to manipulate slow ion beams, to purify samples for decay spectroscopy or to observe the decay itself to measure for instance the β - ν correlation. An overview of the existing ion trap facilities for radioactive nuclei is given.
DAΦNE STATUS AND PLANS
Authors: PASSERI ANTONIO
Published: April 2009

The DAΦNE e+e- collider in Frascati has steadily improved its performances since year 2000, reaching in 2006 a maximum luminosity of 1.6 1032 cm-2s-1. Recently the crab waist collision scheme has been proposed, which allows to keep in collision two beams at large Piwinski angle with the effect of reducing the spot size at the interaction point while suppressing synchrobetatron resonances. The DAΦNE e+e- collider has been upgraded according to this scheme and the first measurements are confirming the expectations. Meanwhile a proposal for an extension of the KLOE physics program, namely a KLOE-2 program, aiming to collect at least a factor of 10 more statistics with a partially upgraded detector, has been submitted. A first step of this program has been approved to take data during year 2009.
PROJECT OF THE NUCLOTRON-BASED ION COLLIDER FACILITY (NICA) AND MULTIPURPOSE DETECTOR (MPD) AT JINR
Authors:   for NICA/MPD collaboration, MESHKOV IGOR N.
Published: April 2009

The project of The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) that is under development at JINR is presented. The general goal of the project is to start in the coming 5–7 years experimental study of hot and dense strongly interacting barionic matter and search for possible signs of the mixed phase and critical endpoint in heavy ion collisions. The MultiPurpose Detector (MPD) is proposed for this purpose. Another goal of the NICA construction is performance of experimental studies on spin physics with colliding beams of polarized protons and light nuclei. The superconducting (SC) proton synchrotron Nuclotron, that has been constructed and being operated at JINR, is one of key elements of NICA.

The report contains description of the physics motivation (the scientific case) and main characteristics of the project: the facility scheme and operation scenario, the elements parameters, the proposed methods of intense ion beam formation, acceleration and achievement of the required luminosity of the collider. Essential feature of the project is an application of cooling methods — electron cooler in the Booster synchrotron and electron and/or stochastic cooling in the collider rings. Status and plans of the project development are presented as well.
MULTI-GEV PHOTON BEAM EXPERIMENTS AT SPRING-8 LASER-BACKSCATTERING FACILITY
Authors:   for the LEPS collaboration, MAEDA YOSHIKAZU
Published: April 2009

A highly-polarized photon beam produced via the backward-Compton scattering of polarized laser photons off 8 GeV electrons is utilized for nuclear and particle physics experiments at SPring-8. The present status of the experimental facility at the Laser Electron Photon beamline (LEPS) is reported and the project at the new beam line is also discussed.
PRESENT STATUS OF RARE-RI RING PROJECT IN RIKEN RIBF
Authors: YASUDA Y. , OZAWA A. , ARAI I. , FUJINAWA T. , FUKUNISHI N. , OHNISHI T. , GOTO A. , HARA K. Y. , SAKURAI H. , WAKASUGI M. , YAMAGUCHI Y. , YANO Y. , SUZUKI T. , YAMAGUCHI T. , KIKUCHI T. , OHTSUBO T.
Published: April 2009

We are going to construct a precise mass-measurement apparatus; "Rare-RI Ring" at RIKEN RI Beam Factory and measure masses of exotic neutron-rich nuclei far from the stability line with the assistance of high intensity primary beam from the cyclotrons at RIBF. The present status of our project and the progress of some parts of Rare-RI Ring will be presented.
ELECTRON SCATTERING OFF SHORT-LIVED RADIOACTIVE NUCLEI
Authors: WANG S. , EMOTO T. , FURUKAWA Y. , ISHII K. , ITO S. , KOSEKI T. , KURITA K. , KUWAJIMA A. , MASUDA T. , MORIKAWA A. , NAKAMURA M. , NODA A. , OHNISHI T. , SHIRAI T. , SUDA T. , TAKEDA H. , TAMAE T. , TONGU H. , WAKASUGI M. , YANO Y.
Published: April 2009

We have established a novel method which make electron scattering off short-lived radioactive nuclei come into being. This novel method was named SCRIT (Self-Confining RI ion Target). It was based on the well known "ion trapping" phenomenon in electron storage rings. Stable nucleus, 133 Cs , was used as target nucleus in the R&D experiment. The luminosity of interaction between stored electrons and Cs ions was about 1.02(0.06) × 1026 cm -2 s -1 at beam current around 80 mA. The angular distribution of elastically scattered electrons from trapped Cs ions was measured. And an online luminosity monitor was used to monitor the change of luminosity during the experiment.
FIRST FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR EXL WITH PROTOTYPE DETECTORS AT THE ESR AND DETECTOR SIMULATIONS
Authors:   For the EXL collaboration, KALANTAR-NAYESTANAKI N. , MOEINI H. , MAHJOUR-SHAFIEI M. , AKSOUH F. , BECKERT K. , BELLER P. , BORETZKY K. , CHATILLON A. , CORSI A. , EGELHOF P. , EMLING H. , ICKERT G. , ILIEVA S. , KOZHUHAROV C. , LE BLEIS T. , LE XUANG X. C. , LITVINOV Y. , MAHATA K. , MEIER J. P. , NOLDEN F. , POPP U. , SIMON H. , STECK M. , STÖHLKER T. , WEICK H. , ZALITE A. , KISELEV O. , JOURDAN J. , KISELEV D. , WERTHMÜLLER D. , PASCHALIS S.
Published: April 2009

This contribution presents some results from the first feasibility measurement performed at GSI using a 350 MeV/nucleon 136 Xe beam and a Hydrogen gas-jet target. In this feasibility study, one element of every possible detection part of the future EXL detection system was investigated. In addition, simulation results for EXL setup will be presented.
DELETING A MARKED BASIS-STATE FROM AN EVEN SUPERPOSITION OF ALL BASIS-STATES WITH A SINGLE QUERY
Authors: LIU YANG , LONG GUI LU
Published: April 2009

We present a quantum deletion algorithm that deletes a marked basis-state from an even superposition of all N basis-states. This algorithm uses only a single query and achieves exponential speed-up compared with classical analog where Θ(N) queries are required.
PRIVATE DATABASE QUERIES USING QUANTUM STATES WITH LIMITED COHERENCE TIMES
Authors: HOGG TAD , ZHANG LI
Published: April 2009

We describe a method for private database queries using exchange of quantum states with bits encoded in mutually incompatible bases. For technology with limited coherence time, the database vendor can announce the encoding after a suitable delay to allow the user to privately learn one of two items in the database without the ability to also definitely infer the second item. This quantum approach also allows the user to choose to learn other functions of the items, such as the exclusive-or of their bits, but not to gain more information than equivalent to learning one item, on average. This method is especially useful for items consisting of a few bits by avoiding the substantial overhead of conventional cryptographic approaches.
Educational Assortative Marriage in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Blossfeld Hans-Peter
Published: April 2009

Most studies of assortative marriage still rely on cross-sectional data and apply log-linear modeling of the contingency table of wives’ and husbands’ educational levels. However, these macro studies have provided quite ambiguous findings and interpretations. In comparison, the life course approach analyzes single individuals over the life course and explicitly recognizes the dynamic nature of partner decisions and the importance of educational roles and institutional circumstances. Based on life course studies, educational homogamy seems to be driven by three factors: (a) Individuals often prefer to associate with equally educated partners; (b) educational expansion increases contact opportunities for equally educated men and women at an age when young people start to look for partners and form couples; and (c) women's changing economic role in dual-earner societies increases the importance of women's education and labor force attachment.
American Trade Unions and Data Limitations: A New Agenda for Labor Studies
Authors: Southworth Caleb , Stepan-Norris Judith
Published: April 2009

Research on the historical level of union density in the United States is based on data or estimates that represent the sum of union members from different organizations. This results in aggregation bias, where the time-trend in union density is consistent with multiple, divergent trends among organizations. Some unions have experienced membership gains in specific industries or regions with distinct strategies that the analysis of aggregate data misses. No longitudinal data set, based on a random sample of unions, exists. We identify sources for the development of such a data set. Case studies suggest that organizational strategy, financial resources, internal politics, worker attitudes, and competition affect membership; further research on geographic and industry conditions is needed. Purposive sampling, poor understanding of aggregation, and models that do not account for the clustering of unions within larger federations or industries have retarded progress in labor studies.