bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controls on the aerodynamic roughness length and the grain‐size dependence of aeolian sediment transport
Authors: Field J.P. , Pelletier J.D.
Published: May 2018

Estimates of the wind shear stress exerted on Earth's surface using the fully rough form of the law‐of‐the‐wall are a function of the aerodynamic roughness length, z0. Accurate prediction of aeolian sediment transport rates, therefore, often requires accurate estimates of z0. The value of z0 is determined by the surface roughness and the saltation intensity, both of which can be highly dynamic. Here we report field measurements of z0 values derived from velocity profiles measured over an evolving topography (i.e. sand ripples). The topography was measured by terrestrial laser scanning and the saltation intensity was measured using a disdrometer. By measuring the topographic evolution and saltation intensity simultaneously and using available formulae to estimate the topographic contribution to z0, we isolated the contribution of saltation intensity to z0 and document that this component dominates over the topographic component for all but the lowest shear velocities. Our measurements indicate that the increase in z0 during periods of saltation is approximately one to two orders of magnitude greater than the increase attributed to microtopography (i.e. evolving sand ripples). Our results also reveal differences in transport as a function of grain size. Each grain‐size fraction exhibited a different dependence on shear velocity, with the saltation intensity of fine particles (diameters ranging from 0.125 to 0.25 mm) saturating and eventually decreasing at high shear velocities, which we interpret to be the result of a limitation in the supply of fine particles from the bed at high shear velocities due to bed armoring. Our findings improve knowledge of the controls on the aerodynamic roughness length and the grain‐size dependence of aeolian sediment transport. The results should contribute to the development of improved sediment transport and dust emission models. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flammability hazards of typical fuels used in wind turbine nacelle
Authors: Zhenhua Wang , Fei You , Rein Guillermo , Juncheng Jiang , Xuefeng Han , Junhua Han , Wei Sun
Published: May 2018

This study aims to develop a complete methodology for assessing flammability hazards of typical fuels (ie, transformer oil, hydraulic oil, gear oil, and lubricating grease) used in a wind turbine nacelle by combining different experimental techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry. Pyrolysis properties (onset temperature, temperature of maximum mass loss rate, and mass residue) and reaction‐to‐fire properties (ignition time, heat release rate, mass loss rate, and smoke release rate) were determined and used for a preliminary assessment of thermal stability and flammability hazards. Additional indices, for ignition and thermal behavior (effective heat of combustion, average smoke yield, and smoke point height, heat release capacity, fire hazard parameter, and smoke parameter, were calculated to provide a more advanced assessment of the hazards in a wind turbine. Results show that pyrolysis of transformer oil, lubricating grease, hydraulic oil, and gear oil occur in the range of 150°C to 550°C. Lubricating grease and transformer oil show the higher and lower thermal stabilities with maximum pyrolysis rate temperatures of 471°C and 282°C, respectively. The measured relation between ignition time and radiant heat flux agrees well with Janssens method (a power of 0.55). The aforementioned indices appear to provide a reasonable prediction of performance under real fire conditions according to a full‐scale fire test documented by Declercq and Van Schevensteen. The results of the study indicate that transformer oil is the easiest to ignite while lubricating grease is the most difficult to ignite but also has the highest smoke production rate; that transformer oil has the highest heat release rate while gear oil has the lowest; and that the fire hazard parameter is the highest for transformer oil and the smoke parameter is the highest for lubricating grease. The potential of this type of work to design safer wind turbines under performance‐based approaches is clearly clarified.
The Development of an In Vitro Assay for the Prospective Determination of Aspirin Sensitivity
Authors: Westphal Erica S. , Wisniewski Caitlin , Rainka Michelle , Smith Nicholas M. , Bates Vernice , Gengo Fran M.
Published: May 2018

Aspirin remains the standard for stroke prophylaxis. However, as many as 20%‐25% of patients may fail to show a full response to aspirin. Ideally, patients who are resistant to aspirin could be identified, then receive an increased dose of aspirin or be changed to an alternative therapy more efficiently. We have developed an in vitro assay that may make this possible. Healthy volunteers (n = 13) between 18 and 50 years of age were tested for both ex vivo and in vivo responses to aspirin. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was selected as the solvent for aspirin in the assay. DMSO can exhibit antiplatelet effects, necessitating the use of a concentration low enough to avoid such antiplatelet effects. Blood samples were tested against DMSO 0%, 0.05%, 0.5%, and 1% w/v with and without aspirin 0, 50, and 100 μM. The effects of both agents were measured via whole‐blood aggregometry. A 3‐dimensional response model described the data well, quantifying the combinatorial effect of DMSO and aspirin on platelet aggregation. Across all participants, baseline aggregation stimulated with collagen 1 μM or arachidonate 0.5 mM was approximately 18 and 13 Ω, respectively. The response model showed that 0.05% DMSO with 100 μM aspirin would provide platelet aggregation of 3.4 Ω. A DMSO concentration of 0.05% in the absence of aspirin would result in no discernable effects on platelet aggregation (17.7 Ω). Overall, the use of 100 μM of aspirin in 0.05% DMSO provides a robust method to test for ex vivo inhibition of platelet aggregation.
Biodegradation of asphaltene and petroleum compounds by a highly potent Daedaleopsis sp.
Authors: Pourfakhraei Elaheh , Badraghi Jalil , Mamashli Fatemeh , Nazari Mahboobeh , Saboury Ali Akbar
Published: May 2018

Petroleum, as the major energy source, is indispensable from our lives. Presence of compounds resistant to degradation can pose risks for human health and environment. Basidiomycetes have been considered as powerful candidates in biodegradation of petroleum compounds via secreting ligninolytic enzymes. In this study a wood‐decaying fungus was isolated by significant degradation ability that was identified as Daedaleopsis sp. by morphological and molecular identification methods. According to GC/MS studies, incubation of heavy crude oil with Daedaleopsis sp. resulted in increased amounts of C24 compounds. Degradation of asphaltene, anthracene, and dibenzofuran by the identified fungal strain was determined to evaluate its potential in biodegradation. After 14 days of incubation, Daedaleopsis sp. could degrade 93.7% and 91.2% of anthracene and dibenzofuran, respectively, in pH 5 and 40 °C in optimized medium, as revealed by GC/FID. Notably, analysis of saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes showed a reduction of 88.7% and 38% in asphaletene and aromatic fractions. Laccase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase activities were enhanced from 51.3, 145.2, 214.5 U ml−1 in the absence to 121.5, 231.4, and 352.5 U ml−1 in the presence of heavy crude oil, respectively. This is the first report that Daedaleopsis sp. can degrade asphaltene and dibenzofuran. Moreover, compared to the reported results of asphaltene biodegradation, this strain was the most successful. Thus, Daedaleopsis sp. could be a promising candidate for biotransformation of heavy crude oil and biodegradation of recalcitrant toxic compounds.
Photochemistry for Well‐Defined Polymers in Aqueous Media: From Fundamentals to Polymer Nanoparticles to Bioconjugates
Authors: Burridge Kevin M. , Wright Thaiesha A. , Page Richard C. , Konkolewicz Dominik
Published: May 2018

This review article highlights recent developments in the field of photochemistry and photochemical reversible deactivation radical polymerization applied to aqueous polymerizations. Photochemistry is a topic of significant interest in the fields of organic, polymer, and materials chemistry because it allows challenging reactions to be performed under mild conditions. Aqueous polymerization is of significant interest because water is an environmentally benign solvent, and the use of water enables complex polymer self‐assembly and bioconjugation processes to occur. This review focuses on powerful new developments in photochemical aqueous polymerization reactions and their applications to the synthesis of well‐defined polymer nano‐objects and bioconjugates. It is anticipated that these aqueous photopolymerizations will enable the next generation of self‐assembled structures and biohybrid materials to be developed under mild and environmentally friendly conditions.
Relativistic heavy atom effect on the 31P NMR parameters of phosphine chalcogenides. Part 1. Chemical shifts
Authors: Rusakov Yury Yu , Rusakova Irina L. , Krivdin Leonid B.
Published: May 2018

Four‐component density functional theory calculations of 31P NMR chemical shifts have been performed for the representative series of 56 phosphine chalcogenides in order to investigate an influence of different functional groups on the heavy atom relativistic effect on the NMR chemical shifts of light phosphorous atoms (Heavy Atom on Light Atom effect). The validity of the 4‐component density functional theory approach used for the wide‐scale calculations of the phosphorous chemical shifts in a wide series of phosphine chalcogenides has been confirmed on a small series of 5 representative compounds with the aid of high‐quality coupled cluster singles and doubles calculations taking into account solvent, vibrational, and the relativistic corrections in comparison with the experiment.
Hydrostatic pressure–dependent wear behavior of thermoplastic polymers in deep sea
Authors: Liu Hao , Wang Jianzhang , Jiang Pengfei , Yan Fengyuan
Published: May 2018

It is generally acknowledged that wear behavior of approved water‐lubricated thermoplastic polymers are not susceptible to hydrostatic pressure in seawater environment. However, in our recent study reported in this letter, it has been shown that the wear behavior of thermoplastic polymers sliding in seawater is strongly dependent on the hydrostatic pressure. The correlation between hydrostatic pressure and wear rates of thermoplastic polymers can be expressed in an identical form of exponential function, which has been found to be susceptible to some factors, such as polymer property, seawater absorption, filler type, sliding condition, and counterpart material. Moreover, in this letter, a primary model has been proposed to illuminate the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the wear behavior of thermoplastic polymers sliding in deep sea.
Continuous separation of oil from water surface by a novel tubular unit based on graphene coated polyurethane sponge
Authors: Zhang Tai , Xiao Changfa , Zhao Jian , Chen Kaikai , Hao Junqiang , Ji Dawei
Published: May 2018

We develop a new strategy for the continuous separation of oil from water surface using a novel tubular unit based on graphene coated polyurethane (P‐GEPU) sponge, and the P‐GEPU sponge was fabricated by a simple dip‐coating method; the as‐prepared sponges could adsorb different kinds of oil and organic liquids while repelling water. Moreover, the tubular unit was assembled by wrapping the P‐GEPU sponge on a porous PU hollow tube and combined with the accessories including pipes and joints. The tubular unit could float on the surface of water, and a continuous oil collection from water surface through vacuum pressure could be fulfilled, showing a high oil‐water separation efficiency (>96%). Finally, oil‐water separation efficiency remains above 93% after 10 cycles, exhibiting excellent reusability. In addition, our findings are easily scaled up, showing a great promise for large‐scale oil spill remediation.
Functional molecules in mesothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition revealed by transcriptome analyses
Authors: Namvar Sara , Woolf Adrian S , Zeef Leo AH , Wilm Thomas , Wilm Bettina , Herrick Sarah E
Published: May 2018

Peritoneal fibrosis is a common complication of abdominal and pelvic surgery, and can also be triggered by peritoneal dialysis, resulting in treatment failure. In these settings, fibrosis is driven by activated myofibroblasts that are considered to be partly derived by mesothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (MMT). We hypothesized that, if the molecular signature of MMT could be better defined, these insights could be exploited to block this pathological cellular transition. Rat peritoneal mesothelial cells were purified by the use of an antibody against HBME1, a protein present on mesothelial cell microvilli, and streptavidin nanobead technology. After exposure of sorted cells to a well‐known mediator of MMT, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, RNA sequencing was undertaken to define the transcriptomes of mesothelial cells before and during early‐phase MMT. MMT was associated with dysregulation of transcripts encoding molecules involved in insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling. The application of either recombinant BMP4 or IGF‐binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) ameliorated TGF‐β1‐induced MMT in culture, as judged from the retention of epithelial morphological and molecular phenotypes, and reduced migration. Furthermore, peritoneal tissue from peritoneal dialysis patients showed less prominent immunostaining than control tissue for IGFBP4 and BMP4 on the peritoneal surface. In a mouse model of TGF‐β1‐induced peritoneal thickening, BMP4 immunostaining on the peritoneal surface was attenuated as compared with healthy controls. Finally, genetic lineage tracing of mesothelial cells was used in mice with peritoneal injury. In this model, administration of BMP4 ameliorated the injury‐induced shape change and migration of mesothelial cells. Our findings demonstrate a distinctive MMT signature, and highlight the therapeutic potential for BMP4, and possibly IGFBP4, to reduce MMT. © 2018 The Authors.The Journal of Pathologypublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Unveiling of polymer/fullerene blend films morphology by ellipsometrically determined optical order within polymer and fullerene phases
Authors: Bednarski Henryk , Hajduk Barbara , Domański Marian , Jarząbek Bożena , Nitschke Paweł , Łaba Katarzyna , Wanic Andrzej , Łapkowski Mieczysław
Published: May 2018

Optical properties of polymer/fullerene blend films upon thermal annealing are investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry and described consistently within an optical model of the blend film. The optical model developed in this work treats both components, polymer and fullerene, as mixtures of reference materials, that is, their optically ordered and disordered phase. Then, the polymer/fullerene blend layer is also described as a mixture of these two components. In this manner, we extend an existing optical model, which accounts for the optical order within the polymer phases, on cases where the optically ordered PCBM phase occurs, too. Determination of the dielectric functions of all four reference materials allows for a unique quantitative characterization of a polymer/fullerene blend film by assigning to it thickness and the polymer to fullerene volume fraction of its layers as well as corresponding volume fractions of theirs optically ordered and disordered polymer and fullerene phases. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1094–1100
How and when do conglomerates influence the creativity of their subsidiaries?
Authors: Rawley Evan , Godart Frédéric C. , Shipilov Andrew
Published: May 2018

Research Summary: We develop a framework for understanding how and when membership in a conglomerate affects a subsidiary's creativity. Focusing on “sectoral” conglomerates with several subsidiaries in the same industry, we explain that the effect has two components: an imprinting effect at the time of affiliation, and a concurrent effect from ongoing interactions with other subsidiaries. In the context of the high‐end fashion industry, we find that a subsidiary's creativity increases when it joins a conglomerate with either very low or high creativity. We interpret this as an imprinting effect of the environment inside a conglomerate on how effectively a subsidiary is integrated. Furthermore, over time, the creativity of a subsidiary increases with the creativity of other subsidiaries. The results provide evidence of creativity “spillovers” within conglomerates.

Managerial Summary: We examine the role that fashion conglomerates like LVMH or Kering play in the creativity of their subsidiaries. These conglomerates create value through internal transfers of operational and creative practices. Some conglomerates are better at integrating subsidiaries after acquisition than the others: it seems that the better integrators are conglomerates that either have other creative subsidiaries or subsidiaries that lack creativity. Furthermore, conglomerates with other creative subsidiaries continuously improve the creativity of their member firms, probably due to their ability to transfer high‐quality internal practices.
IMC robust control for high‐voltage ride‐through of doubly fed induction wind generator
Authors: Ma Xiaoyang , Yang Honggeng
Published: May 2018

To solve system parameter variation such as magnetic circuit saturation and excitation inductance of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) caused by grid voltage swells, a high‐voltage ride‐through (HVRT) robust control method for the DFIG based on the internal model control (IMC) controller is proposed. Through an analysis of the transient behavior of the rotor current caused by grid voltage swells, it was found that a rotor current inner loop using IMC could be established. Utilizing the H2‐norm control theory, and by considering the system's robust stability and robust tracking, the IMC controller parameter of the rotor current inner loop is set. The proposed method suppresses the rotor current and the electromagnetic torque when the parameter changes. Through the simulation of a 1.5‐MW DFIG, it is verified that the proposed method can enhance its HVRT capability, exhibiting good robustness against model errors and external disturbances. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Control technique of back‐to‐back converter for DFIG in wind energy conversion system under abnormal voltage conditions
Authors: Sadara Wara , Neammanee Bunlung
Published: May 2018

The performance of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine systems is excellent under normal grid voltage condition. However, in an abnormal grid voltage condition, this will affect the back‐to‐back converter, DFIG, and the drive train, and it may even disconnect from the grid. This paper proposes control techniques for a back‐to‐back converter that can be operated under abnormal voltage conditions. The model of positive‐ and negative‐sequence components of the DFIG is used to analyze the problem and to design control techniques of the machine‐side converter to reduce transients and pulsation of the rotor currents. The proposed control techniques were verified by an experimental DFIG wind turbine system composed of a DFIG, a back‐to‐back converter, an active crowbar, and a DC chopper operating together with test facilities such as a voltage sag generator, wind turbine simulator, and a data acquisition system. Experiments showed that severe and frequent events arose during single‐phase voltage sags while the DFIG operated at super‐synchronous speed and delivered the rated power. The experimental results also showed that the proposed control techniques succeeded in improving the unbalance of the stator current while being able to reduce high transient and oscillation of the rotor current and stress on power electronic devices and the active crowbar operation time to only one in six. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A facile electrochemical intercalation and microwave assisted exfoliation methodology applied to screen-printed electrochemical-based sensing platforms to impart improved electroanalytical outputs
Authors: Pierini Gastón D. , Foster Christopher W. , Rowley-Neale Samuel. J. , Fernández Héctor , Banks Craig E.
Published: May 2018

An Electrochemical Derived Intercalation process is explored as a modification for screen-printed electrodes to improve their electroanalytical outputs.
A molecular approach to magnetic metallic nanostructures from metallopolymer precursors
Authors: Dong Qingchen , Meng Zhengong , Ho Cheuk-Lam , Guo Hongen , Yang Weiyou , Manners Ian , Xu Linli , Wong Wai-Yeung
Published: May 2018

This tutorial review summarizes the strategies of using metallopolymers as precursors for generating functional magnetic metal/metal alloy NPs and other metal nanostructures.
Aqueous synthesis of protectant-free copper nanocubes by a disproportionation reaction of Cu2O on synthetic saponite
Authors: Miyagawa Masaya , Usui Miharu , Imura Yu , Kuwahara Shota , Sugai Toshiki , Tanaka Hideki
Published: May 2018

Shape formation of Cu nanocubes by selective etching with a disproportionation reaction.
Constructing two 1D coordination polymers and one mononuclear complex by pyrazine- and pyridinedicarboxylic acids under mild and sonochemical conditions: magnetic and CSD studies
Authors: Hassanpoor Azam , Mirzaei Masoud , Eshtiagh-Hosseini Hossein , Majcher Anna
Published: May 2018

Two 1D coordination polymers and one mononuclear complex were synthesized. Nanostructures of the CPs were prepared by a sonochemical method.
Probing the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of AgnSc (n = 1–16) clusters
Authors: Xiong Ran , Die Dong , Xu Yong-Gen , Zheng Ben-Xia , Fu Yao-Chun
Published: May 2018

The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of AgnSc (n = 1–16) clusters have been studied on the basis of density functional theory and the CALYPSO structure prediction method.
Correction: In situ spectroscopic investigations of MoOx/Fe2O3 catalysts for the selective oxidation of methanol
Authors: Brookes Catherine , Bowker Michael , Gibson Emma K. , Gianolio Diego , Mohammed Khaled M. H. , Parry Stephen , Rogers Scott M. , Silverwood Ian P. , Wells Peter P.
Published: May 2018

Correction for ‘In situ spectroscopic investigations of MoOx/Fe2O3 catalysts for the selective oxidation of methanol’ by Catherine Brookes et al., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2016, 6, 722–730.
High spectral resolution of diode laser absorption spectroscopy for isotope analysis using a supersonic plasma jet
Authors: Kuwahara Akira , Aiba Yasuaki , Yamasaki Shinya , Nankawa Takuya , Matsui Makoto
Published: May 2018

The spectral resolution of diode laser absorption spectroscopy is drastically enhanced by applying a supersonic plasma jet to distinguish isotope shifts due to the mass number.
A solvatochromic-based sensor for chromium(iii) in real systems
Authors: Kaewtong Chatthai , Kampaengsri Sastiya , Tuntulani Thawatchai , Pulpoka Buncha
Published: May 2018

A very simple, highly sensitive and selective method for Cr3+ in real systems using the solvatochromic property of rhodamine-based sensor has been developed. In addition, RhoL could directly and rapidly detect Cr3+ through the filter paper without resorting to additional instrumental analysis.
Chemiluminescence determination of furazolidone in poultry tissues and water samples after selective solid phase microextraction using magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers
Authors: Mohammadi Toudeshki Reza , Dadfarnia Shayessteh , Haji Shabani Ali Mohammad
Published: May 2018

For the first time, a selective extraction method combined with chemiluminescence was developed for the determination of FZD in various samples.
LESO Based Dynamic Surface Control for Hypersonic Flight Vehicle
Authors: Zhang Ke , Yang Wenjun , Zhang Minghuan , Wang Pei
Published: May 2018

In the presence of model parametric uncertainties and external disturbances, a LESO-based dynamic surface control approach is designed for the longitudinal model of Hypersonic Flight Vehicle (HFV). Via Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (NDI) technique, the decoupling of altitude and velocity is realized. Combining with conventional back-stepping technique, a low pass filter (LPF) is introduced to attain the derivation of virtual control laws, which avoids the problem of "differentiation explosion". A linear extended state observer (LESO) is designed for the precise estimation and compensation of "lumped disturbance" containing parametric uncertainties and external disturbances, which tremendously improves the ability of disturbance rejection of the system. The stability of the proposed approach is analyzed by means of Lyapunov theory. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methodology has good command tracking performance, and the approach is robust in the presence of lumped disturbances.
A Blended Continuation Method for Solving Steady Inviscid Flow
Authors: Qiao Lei , Bai Junqiang , Qiu Yasong , Hua Jun , Xu Jiakuan
Published: May 2018

Steady flow field solving is wieldly used in aircraft aerodynamic design, efficiency of steady flow field solving has great influnence on efficiency of aircraft aerodynamic design. A continuation method that blended Laplacian operator and pseudo time marching method for solving steady inviscid flow problem is proposed. In steady flow problem, the field is usually initialized as an uniform field before starting iteration. This resulted in the fact that the initial residual in only nonzero on wall boundary. Based on this feature, Laplacian operator is introduced to accelarate convergence at the starting stage of nonlinear solving. At the ending stage of nonlinear solving, the blended continuation term is biased to pseduo time marching method to avoid over dissipation graduately. To establish a complete continuation method, the starting, evolution and termination method are also described. At last, the proposed continuation method is implemented in a finite element solver, and tested aginst GAMM channel and NACA0012 foil subsonic and transonic cases. Numerical test results confirmed that the blended continuation method could get an efficency improvement about 1/3 to 1/4 comparing with stand alone Laplacian continuation and much more better than pure pseudo time marching method.
The Effect of Metal on Composites Fatigue Damage in Mixed Structure
Authors: Hou Chi , Zhou Yinhua , Quan Hongwei , Wan Xiaopeng
Published: May 2018

This paper investigated the fatigue damage coupling of composite laminate and metallic plate in multi-bolt joint. A progressive fatigue damage model for composite laminates and a modified Lemaitre damage model for metal material were developed. A phenomenological elastoplastic constitutive model was used to describe the in-plane shear nonlinearity of composite lamina. A formula for calculating the energy release rate of the low cycle fatigue was derived based on spherical tensor and shear tensor decomposition of the stress. The developed models were validated by the experimental results of a double-lap single-bolt metal-composite joint and were employed to simulate the fatigue damage of a double-lap, multi-bolt metal-composite joint. The result indicates that fatigue damage will harden the materials nearby the bolt region of the metallic plate for a multi-bolt joint structure when suffering to cyclic loads. This hardening behavior results to a transfer of bolt loads towards the harden region, which intensifies bearing damage and reduces tensile stress in the composite laminate, and improves the fatigue life of composite laminates fail in tensile mode.
The Underwater Acoustic Target Recognition Algorithm Based on Evidence Clustering
Authors: Zhang Yang , Yang Jianhua , Hou Hong
Published: May 2018

In underwater acoustic target recognition, the target signal is usually complex and the samples which are difficult to obtain also have some uncertain information. In order to effectively solve these problems, the evidence clustering recognition algorithm (TECRA) is presented. In this new method, the k-nearest neighbor are first determined by using the feature distance between the object and its neighbors in each class of the training set, and a reasonable initial basic belief assignments (bba's) for each target data are constructed by the improved k-nearest neighbor classification algorithm. Then the final global bba's of the target is obtained by optimizing the objective function of the algorithm. Finally the object can be recognized by the fusion result and the classification rule presented in the paper. Several experiments based on real underwater acoustic data sets are made to test the effectiveness of TECRA in comparison with some other methods. The results indicate that TECRA can effectively improve the recognition accuracy.
Design of Monitoring and Control System for Multi-Tube Ignition Pulse Detonation Engine
Authors: Zhang Wenlong , Pei Chengming , Li Jianghong , Fan Wei
Published: May 2018

A multi-processers monitoring and control system, which use the Lora as wireless communication technology, was designed to meet needs of mobility, safety, fast frequency adjustment, portability, none affect on PDE thrust test and so on. This paper elaborated on scheme of whole system, local high-speed signal acquisition, storage, data export and ignition control method. Experimental results show that the monitoring and control system was able to implement timely and accurately control and data acquisition of detonation tubes, dynamical parameters changing, remote control and eliminate the damage for human beings caused by PDE, with mobile and portable, high integration, convenient operation, reliable performance characteristics.
Propriozeptives Training – Balancepad – wissen wir wie’s wirkt?
Authors: Huber Martin
Published: May 2018

Trainiert man auf dem Balancepad wirklich die Propriozeption der Füße? Nein, sagen viele Forscher. Denn beim Stehen auf dem Pad verschiebt sich die sensorische Gewichtung. Der vestibuläre und der visuelle Input werden für das ZNS relevanter als die Propriozeption (Somatosensorik). Es gilt daher das Ziel eines Trainings auf labilen Unterlagen genau zu definieren.
Schinzel—Giedion Syndrome: First Czech Patients Confirmed by Molecular Genetic Analysis
Authors: Neupauerová Jana , Štěrbová Katalin , Komárek Vladimír , Gřegořová Andrea , Vlčková Markéta , Staněk David , Seeman Pavel , Laššuthová Petra , Havlovicová Markéta
Published: May 2018

Schinzel–Giedion syndrome (SGS) is a very rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, severe developmental delay, seizures, and skeletal abnormalities. Whole exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing, and correlation with already published variants and cases allowed us to identify two different de novo mutations in the SETBP1 gene: NM_015559.2 (SETBP1): c.2601C > G (p.Ser867Arg) and c. 2608 G > A (p.Gly870Ser) in two Czech patients presenting with SGS features. Both mutations are within exon 4 of SETBP1, supporting the notion that exon 4 represents the mutation hotspot of the gene in patients with SGS.
Interdisciplinary Plans of Care, Electronic Medical Record Systems, and Inpatient Mortality
Authors: Bonner Joseph , Stange Brandon , Kjar Mindy , Reynolds Margaret , Hartz Eric , Bignotti Donald , Halimi Miriam , Zozus Meredith , Atherton Denise , Breck Sandra , Landstrom Gay , Bowling Charles , Sloan Robert
Published: May 2018

Background Interdisciplinary plans of care (IPOCs) guide care standardization and satisfy accreditation requirements. Yet patient outcomes associated with IPOC usage through an electronic medical record (EMR) are not present in the literature. EMR systems facilitate the documentation of IPOC use and produce data to evaluate patient outcomes.

Objectives This article aimed to evaluate whether IPOC-guided care as documented in an EMR is associated with inpatient mortality.

Methods We contrasted whether IPOC-guided care was associated with a patient being discharged alive. We further tested whether the association differed across strata of acuity levels and overall frequency of IPOC usage within a hospital.

Results Our sample included 165,334 adult medical/surgical discharges for a 12-month period for 17 hospitals. All hospitals had 1 full year of EMR use antedating the study period. IPOCs guided care in 85% (140,187/165,334) of discharges. When IPOCs guided care, 2.1% (3,009/140,187) of admissions ended with the patient dying while in the hospital. Without IPOC-guided care, 4.3% (1,087/25,147) of admissions ended with the patient dying in the hospital. The relative likelihood of dying while in the hospital was lower when IPOCs guided care (odds ratio: 0.45; 99% confidence interval: 0.41–0.50).

Conclusion In this observational study within a quasi-experimental setting of 17 community hospitals and voluntary usage, IPOC-guided care is associated with a decreased likelihood of patients dying while in the hospital.
22q11.2 Microduplication: An Enigmatic Genetic Disorder
Authors: Kylat Ranjit
Published: May 2018

Microduplication of 22q11.2 involves having an extra copy at position q11.2 on chromosome 22. Very few cases have been reported but the real incidence may be higher as the absence of obvious clinical signs makes diagnosis difficult. In the cases that are diagnosed, the phenotype is extremely variable. We describe a case of severe micrognathia, cleft palate, and Pierre-Robin sequence. A prenatal ultrasound showed severe micrognathia and subsequent microarray done on amniocentesis revealed the microduplication of 22q11.2, which was confirmed postnatally. Although micrognathia has often been detected in this microduplication, the constellation of these findings has not been previously described.
Nervenkompressionssyndrome – Wenn Nerven nerven: Teil 2: Untersuchung und Therapie
Authors: Paries Cornelia , Zander Andrea
Published: May 2018

In Unterarm und Hand verlaufen wichtige Nerven auf engstem Raum. Werden sie komprimiert, können nachhaltige Nervenschäden entstehen. Im zweiten Teil unseres Refreshers erfahren Sie mehr über die Befunderhebung sowie die therapeutischen Maßnahmen bei Nervenkompressionssyndromen der oberen Extremität.
Offene Reparation der inzisionalen Flankenhernie mit retromuskulärer präperitonealer Netzimplantation – Beschreibung der Technik und Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Kohortenstudie
Authors: Isemer Friedrich-Eckart , Dietz Ulrich , Ackermann Maximilian
Published: May 2018

Hintergrund Die Operation der Flankenhernie ist wenig standardisiert. Das Hauptproblem der Hernienreparation bei intermuskulärer Netzlage liegt in der Flächenbegrenzung nach dorsal wie auch in der problematischen Fixation des Netzes am Rippenbogen bzw. Beckenkamm. Diese Problematik drückt sich auch aus in der Vielfalt vorgeschlagener Operationsverfahren.

Patienten/Material und Methoden Von August 2015 bis Oktober 2016 wurden 9 Patienten wegen einer Narbenhernie der Flanke mit einer retroperitonealen, präperitonealen, offenen Netzreparation operativ versorgt und analysiert. Bei intermuskulärer Netzlage würde das einzubringende Netz umso kleiner ausfallen, je kleiner der kostopelvine Winkel (CPW) zu messen ist. Dorsalseits der Referenzstrecke (RS) von 10 cm zwischen Rippenbogen und Beckenkamm wären Fixierungen notwendig, um Stabilität zu erreichen. Die retroperitoneale, präperitoneale Netzimplantation erfolgt ohne Einschränkung durch eine vorgegebene Anatomie. Das Netz kann wie beim Stoppa-Verfahren in nahezu jeder Größe ohne wesentliche Fixierung eingebracht werden. Zugleich ist ein Remodeling der Bauchdecke unschwer möglich.

Ergebnisse Bei allen 9 Patienten wurde eine primäre Narbenhernienversorgung der Flanke nach dem retroperitonealen, präperitonealen und offenen Reparationsverfahren mit Netzimplantation vorgenommen. Die Bruchlücke wurde im Mittel auf 92,85 cm2 berechnet, die implantierte Netzgröße auf 426,22 cm2. Postoperative Komplikationen traten nicht auf, der stationäre Aufenthalt lag zwischen 3 und 7 Tagen, der Follow-up bei 3 – 18 Monaten, im Mittel bei 9,1 Monaten. Die telefonische Befragung der Patienten erbrachte eine hohe Zufriedenheit mit einer durchschnittlichen Note (Schulnote) von 1,2, ein Rezidiv lag in keinem Fall vor. Die präoperative Schmerzsymptomatik von VAS 4 wurde auf ein VAS von 1,2 gesenkt, 7 Patienten waren vollständig beschwerdefrei.

Schlussfolgerung Eine ausreichende Überlappung des operativ eingebrachten Netzes kann bei der Flankenhernie in erster Linie durch die Wahl der Netzlage im präperitonealen Raum erreicht werden. Hier ist die Ausbreitung des Netzes auch bei den großen Hernien unproblematisch, da hier eine räumliche Begrenzung nahezu nicht vorgegeben ist. Eine Netzfixierung am Rippenbogen bzw. Beckenkamm ist entbehrlich und auch nicht erforderlich, dies würde nur zu postoperativen Schmerzen führen. Die langfristige Stabilität beruht auf der Größe des Netzes, das Remodeling der Bauchdecke ist durch die Fasziennaht über dem Netz leicht zu erreichen.
Higher Accuracy of the Lactate Minimum Test Compared to Established Threshold Concepts to Determine Maximal Lactate Steady State in Running
Authors: Wahl Patrick , Zwingmann Lukas , Manunzio Christian , Wolf Jacob , Bloch Wilhelm
Published: May 2018

This study evaluated the accuracy of the lactate minimum test, in comparison to a graded-exercise test and established threshold concepts (OBLA and mDmax) to determine running speed at maximal lactate steady state. Eighteen subjects performed a lactate minimum test, a graded-exercise test (2.4 m·s−1 start,+0.4 m·s−1 every 5 min) and 2 or more constant-speed tests of 30 min to determine running speed at maximal lactate steady state. The lactate minimum test consisted of an initial lactate priming segment, followed by a short recovery phase. Afterwards, the initial load of the subsequent incremental segment was individually determined and was increased by 0.1 m·s−1 every 120 s. Lactate minimum was determined by the lowest measured value (LMabs) and by a third-order polynomial (LMpol). The mean difference to maximal lactate steady state was+0.01±0.14 m·s−1 (LMabs), 0.04±0.15 m·s−1 (LMpol), –0.06±0.31 m·s1 (OBLA) and –0.08±0.21 m·s1 (mDmax). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between running velocity at maximal lactate steady state and LMabs was highest (ICC=0.964), followed by LMpol (ICC=0.956), mDmax (ICC=0.916) and OBLA (ICC=0.885). Due to the higher accuracy of the lactate minimum test to determine maximal lactate steady state compared to OBLA and mDmax, we suggest the lactate minimum test as a valid and meaningful concept to estimate running velocity at maximal lactate steady state in a single session for moderately up to well-trained athletes.
Generalized Breit-Wigner treatment of molecular transport: Charging effects in a single decanedithiol molecule
Authors: Cabrera-Tinoco Hugo Andres , Moreira Augusto C. L. , de Melo Celso P.
Published: May 2018

We examine the relative contribution of ballistic and elastic cotunneling mechanisms to the charge transport through a single decanedithiol molecule linked to two terminal clusters of gold atoms. For this, we first introduced a conceptual model that permits a generalization of the Breit-Wigner scattering formalism where the cation, anion, and neutral forms of the molecule can participate with different probabilities of the charge transfer process, but in a simultaneous manner. We used a density functional theory treatment and considered the fixed geometry of each charge state to calculate the corresponding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the extended system for different values of the external electric field. We have found that for the ballistic transport the HOMO and LUMO of the neutral species play a key role, while the charged states give a negligible contribution. On the other hand, an elastic cotunneling charge transfer can occur whenever a molecular orbital (MO) of the cation or anion species, even if localized in just one side of the molecule-gold clusters complex, has energy close to that of a delocalized MO of the neutral species. Under these conditions, a conduction channel is formed throughout the entire system, in a process that is controlled by the degree of resonance between the MOs involved. Our results indicate that while different charge transfer mechanisms contribute to the overall charge transport, quantum effects such as avoided-crossing situations between relevant frontier MOs can be of special importance. In these specific situations, the interchange of spatial localization of two MOs involved in the crossing can open a new channel of charge transfer that otherwise would not be available.
On the C
k-embedding of Lorentzian manifolds in Ricci-flat spaces
Authors: Avalos R. , Dahia F. , Romero C.
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we investigate the problem of non-analytic embeddings of Lorentzian manifolds in Ricci-flat semi-Riemannian spaces. In order to do this, we first review some relevant results in the area and then motivate both the mathematical and physical interests in this problem. We show that any n-dimensional compact Lorentzian manifold (Mn, g), with g in the Sobolev space Hs+3, s>n2, admits an isometric embedding in a (2n + 2)-dimensional Ricci-flat semi-Riemannian manifold. The sharpest result available for these types of embeddings, in the general setting, comes as a corollary of Greene’s remarkable embedding theorems R. Greene [Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 97, 1 (1970)], which guarantee the embedding of a compact n-dimensional semi-Riemannian manifold into an n(n + 5)-dimensional semi-Euclidean space, thereby guaranteeing the embedding into a Ricci-flat space with the same dimension. The theorem presented here improves this corollary in n2 + 3n − 2 codimensions by replacing the Riemann-flat condition with the Ricci-flat one from the beginning. Finally, we will present a corollary of this theorem, which shows that a compact strip in an n-dimensional globally hyperbolic space-time can be embedded in a (2n + 2)-dimensional Ricci-flat semi-Riemannian manifold.
Flexible, nanoengineered polymer brush coating enhances cellular interactions at surfaces
Authors: De Jarnette Drew
Published: May 2018

Bioinspired polymer nanobrushes modified with specified peptides create new surface functionality to dynamically increase the reactivity of surfaces for the bioconjugation of specific cells.
The representation of Aboriginal cultural conceptualisations in an adopted English
Authors: Malcolm Ian G.
Published: May 2018

The Aboriginal inhabitants of Australia encountered varieties of English as a language of colonisation from 1788. Through processes of nativization, Aboriginal people have made English a valid form of expression of their culture and worldview. For this to happen it was necessary for the input varieties of the language received to be changed in form. This, it is claimed, was achieved through processes of Retention, Elimination, Modification and Extension. According to Cultural Linguistics, these processes would have a cultural/conceptual as well as a linguistic dimension. An attempt is made here to trace the processes and to identify the major conceptual imperatives that drove them. It is argued that these were orientations to Relationship, Experience and Integration, as well as the recognition of the practicalities of communicating as a marginal group with other Australians who used English differently.
Cultural conceptualisations of language and country in Australian Indigenous languages
Authors: Rusho Dima
Published: May 2018

This article presents a Cultural Linguistics perspective on the enduring and multifaceted relationship between people, language and country in Indigenous Australia. It builds on a substantial body of work in Cultural Linguistics that has examined the cultural conceptualisations present in Aboriginal English, but shifts the focus to exploring how such conceptualisations are also encoded in ancestral Indigenous languages. The article provides linguistic and ethnographic data from a number of Indigenous language groups to explicate the notions of language as a ‘cultural schema’ and country as a ‘cultural category’ in Indigenous languages. It also posits a number of conceptual metaphors that relate to country and language, namely country is a sentient being, country is a rational being, and country is a linguistically competent being.
Endosomal TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8 control neuronal morphology through different transcriptional programs
Authors: Hung Yun-Fen , Chen Chiung-Ya , Shih Yi-Chun , Liu Hsin-Yu , Huang Chiao-Ming , Hsueh Yi-Ping
Published: May 2018

Neuroinflammation is associated with diverse neurological disorders. Endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) including TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8 cell-autonomously regulate neuronal differentiation. However, the mechanisms by which these three TLRs affect neuronal morphology are unclear. In this study, we compare these TLRs in mouse neurons. By combining in vitro neuronal cultures, in utero electroporation, and transcriptomic profiling, we show that TLR8, TLR7, and TLR3 promote dendritic pruning via MYD88 signaling. However, they induce different transcriptomic profiles related to innate immunity, signaling, and neuronal development. The temporal expression patterns and the effects on neuronal morphology are not identical upon activation of these endosomal TLRs. Pathway analyses and in vitro studies specifically implicate mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in TLR8-mediated dendritic pruning. We further show that TLR8 is more critical for dendritic arborization at a late development stage in vivo. The activation of TLR8, TLR7, or TLR3 results in dendritic shortening, and TLR7 and TLR3 but not TLR8 also control axonal growth. In-depth transcriptomic analyses show that TLRs use different downstream pathways to control neuronal morphology, which may contribute to neuronal development and pathological responses.
Victoria Sanz-Moreno: Rho together for cancer research
Authors: O’Donnell Marie Anne
Published: May 2018

Sanz-Moreno investigates how the cytoskeleton controls tumor biology.