bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genauigkeit der Betondeckungsmessung und Grenzen der Detektion benachbarter Stäbe mit Radar
Authors: Taffe Alexander , Vonk Sarah
Published: September 2020

Die klassische Betondeckungsmessung wird im Allgemeinen zum Nachweis der Dauerhaftigkeit durchgeführt. Entsprechend der geforderten Mindestbetondeckung der Expositionsklassen von max. 40 mm zuzüglich 15 mm Vorhaltemaß sind Betondeckungen von maximal 60 bis 70 mm relevant. Das deckt sich mit den maximal erzielbaren Detektionstiefen magnetisch induktiver Geräte (in der Regel auf der Basis von Wirbelstrom), die im Allgemeinen in der Praxis zu Betondeckungsmessungen verwendet werden. Größere Betondeckungen sind nur noch aus statischer Sicht von Interesse und unter anderem mit Radar messbar. Das gilt besonders dann, wenn die Tragfähigkeit einer Konstruktion bei tiefer liegender Bewehrung nachgewiesen werden soll und die Messung der Einbautiefen der Bewehrung erforderlich ist, um z. B. den inneren Hebelarm zu bestimmen. Daher zielen die hier veröffentlichten Ergebnisse zur Betondeckungsmessung mit Radar auf die spätere Anwendung zur Nachrechnung von Bauwerken auf der Basis von Ergebnissen der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung (ZfPStatik) ab.

In diesem Artikel geht es um die Bestimmung der Genauigkeit von Radarmessungen und der Möglichkeit, benachbarte Stäbe voneinander getrennt zu detektieren. Daher wird auch auf die Erstellung von Testkörpern und deren Genauigkeit hinsichtlich der realisierten Einbautiefen der Bewehrung eingegangen.
CHRONOCRISIS: When Cell Cycle Asynchrony Generates DNA Damage in Polyploid Cells
Authors: Gemble Simon , Basto Renata
Published: September 2020

Polyploid cells contain multiple copies of all chromosomes. Polyploidization can be developmentally programmed to sustain tissue barrier function or to increase metabolic potential and cell size. Programmed polyploidy is normally associated with terminal differentiation and poor proliferation capacity. Conversely, non‐programmed polyploidy can give rise to cells that retain the ability to proliferate. This can fuel rapid genome rearrangements and lead to diseases like cancer. Here, the mechanisms that generate polyploidy are reviewed and the possible challenges upon polyploid cell division are discussed. The discussion is framed around a recent study showing that asynchronous cell cycle progression (an event that is named “chronocrisis”) of different nuclei from a polyploid cell can generate DNA damage at mitotic entry. The potential mechanisms explaining how mitosis in non‐programmed polyploid cells can generate abnormal karyotypes and genetic instability are highlighted.
Associations between safety, tolerability, and toxicity and the reporting of health‐related quality of life in phase III randomized trials in common solid tumors
Authors: Saleh Ramy R. , Meti Nicholas , Ribnikar Domen , Goldvaser Hadar , Ocana Alberto , Templeton Arnoud J. , Seruga Bostjan , Amir Eitan
Published: September 2020

Background

Anti‐cancer drugs are approved typically on the basis of efficacy and safety as evaluated in phase III randomized trials (RCTs). Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is a direct measure of patient benefit, but is under‐reported. Here we explore associations with reporting of HRQoL data in phase III RCTs in common solid tumors.

Methods

We searched ClinicalTrials.gov to identify phase III RCTs evaluating new drugs in adults with advanced cancers that completed accrual between January 2005 and October 2016. Data on HRQoL, safety, and tolerability comprising treatment‐related death, treatment discontinuation and commonly reported grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs) were extracted. Associations between these measures and reporting of HRQoL data were explored using logistic regression.

Results

Of 377 phase III RCTs identified initially, 143 studies were analysed and comprised 55% positive trials and 90% industry sponsored trials. HRQoL was listed as an endpoint in 59% trials; and of these, only 65% reported HRQoL data. There were higher odds of reporting HRQoL data for positive trials (OR 2.05, P = .04) and trials published in journals with higher impact factor (OR 1.35, P = .01). Reporting of HRQoL was not associated with treatment‐related death (OR 1.25, P = .40) or treatment discontinuation (OR 1.12, P = .61), but was positively associated with dyspnea and dermatological adverse events.

Conclusions

HRQoL is reported in only two‐thirds of RCTs that describe collecting such data. Reporting of HRQoL is associated with positive trial outcome and higher journal impact factor, but not associated with overall safety and tolerability of anti‐cancer drugs.
Four‐year mortality in women and men after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the SAPIEN 3
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Baumgartner Helmut , Frank Derk , Husser Oliver , Bleiziffer Sabine , Rudolph Tanja , Jeger Raban , Fraccaro Chiara , Hovorka Tomas , Wendler Olaf
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To investigate 4‐year, post‐transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) survival and predictors of survival by sex, in a real‐world cohort that underwent transfemoral TAVI with SAPIEN 3 transcatheter heart valve.

Background

Previous TAVI investigations of first‐generation devices demonstrated an early‐ to mid‐term survival advantage in women compared with men.

Methods

SOURCE 3 (SAPIEN 3 Aortic Bioprosthesis European Outcome) is a post‐approval, multicentre, observational registry. Patients (N = 1,694, 49.2% women, age 81.7 ± 6.7 years) with severe aortic stenosis and high surgical risk (logistic EuroSCORE 17.8%) underwent TAVI between 2014 and 2015. Kaplan–Meier event estimates were used to determine mortality by sex. Predictors of overall mortality were identified using a cox multivariate proportional hazard model.

Results

At 4 years, women had lower all‐cause mortality than men (36.0 vs 39.7%; p = .0911; HR: 0.87 [95% CI: 0.75–1.02]). No difference was observed for cardiac mortality between women 24.2% and men 24.7% (p = .76; HR: 0.97 [95% CI: 0.79–1.19]). When adjusted for baseline characteristics (age, height, weight, NYHA functional class, renal insufficiency, EuroScore, and tricuspid regurgitation), sex had no impact on mortality.

Conclusions

In this large, real‐world cohort, all‐cause mortality trended lower in women than men at 4 years post TAVI; however, several baseline factors, but not sex, were predictors of mortality. No difference between sexes was observed for cardiovascular mortality.
Structural Insight of the Frailty of 2D Janus NbSeTe as an Active Photocatalyst
Authors: Yang Xiaoyong , Banerjee Amitava , Ahuja Rajeev
Published: September 2020

A new family of 2D materials, Janus MTeSe (M=Nb, Mo, or W) pristine and defective monolayers have been investigated in this work as promising catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) based on first‐principles calculations. It has been observed that these Janus monolayers are dynamically and thermodynamically stable. Hybrid exchange‐correlation functional (HSE06) based electronic structures reveal Janus NbTeSe is a polarized semiconductor with an indirect bandgap of 1.478 eV with excellent optical absorption capability near infra‐red region. While MoTeSe and WTeSe monolayers are direct bandgap semiconductors with a suitable bandgap of 1.859 and 1.898 eV. The carrier effective masses and mobilities in MTeSe monolayer are also calculated. Subsequently, the catalytic activity of pristine as well as defective MTeSe for HER has been identified from the reaction coordinate based on the adsorption free energy (
). It is noticed that the Nb based Janus layer has comparatively weak HER activity than its peers, group VIB transition metals, Mo, W based Janus layer. The Coulomb attraction between the hydrogen and the monolayer decreases with the increase of the inner atomic radius from Nb, Mo to W, which is one of the structural frailties of 2D Janus NbSeTe as an active photocatalyst. We have further analyzed electronic structures and charge density distributions of pristine and defective MTeSe with/without H adatom to unveil the reason of the catalytic inferiority for Nb based Janus layer over W and Mo based systems. This comparative study of Janus MTeSe monolayers with HSE06 would provide a deep understanding of Janus based HER catalyst.
Hierarchical Self‐Supported Carbon Nanostructure Enables Superior Stability of Highly Nitrogen‐Doped anodes
Authors: Han Yupei , Chen Dongjiang , Ali Shamshad , Feng Chao , Meng Fanping , Waqas Muhammad , He Weidong
Published: September 2020

As the primary anode for both lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries, carbonaceous anodes store more energy and own a higher rate capacity through nitrogen doping. Nevertheless, achieving a high nitrogen content in a carbonaceous anode is challenging because it tends to result in anode instability, owing to high‐level structural defects. Here, by doping biotic ispaghula with nitrogen from melamine through hydrothermal and carbonization treatments, we design and prepare a nitrogen‐enriched carbonaceous anode with a record‐high 30 % nitrogen content primarily in pyridinic and pyrrolic forms. The anode owns a self‐supported architecture that contains a highly‐defected (ID : IG=1.34) nanosheet structure sandwiched and supported with carbon nanospheres. Through surface defects, Li and Na ions are stored and transported efficiently in both highly doped graphitic carbon and amorphous carbon. In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals that amorphous carbon can be crystallized in the Li storage process to contribute reversible capacity. The highly doped anode delivers capacities of 551 mAh g−1 for 500 cycles for lithium storage and 278 mAh g−1 for 2000 cycles of sodium storage at a current density of 1 A g−1, surpassing those of the‐state‐of‐the‐art at an identical current density and with the same cycle number.
Kohlenstoff‐Recycling aus Abfallbehandlungsanlagen – Baustein für eine biobasierte Industrie?
Authors: Stöckmann Marius , Bertau Martin
Published: September 2020

Die thermische Behandlung von Abfall ist heute anerkannter Stand der Technik. Die bei der stattfindenden Verbrennung entstehenden Prozessgase enthalten u. a. Kohlenstoffdioxid. Kohlenstoffdioxid ist unter anderem mitverantwortlich für den Treibhauseffekt, andererseits aber auch ein Kohlenstoffbaustein für die chemische Synthese, z.B. in Methanol. Durch das entwickelte Modell wird eine Bewertung der Investitions‐ und Betriebskosten zeitnah ermöglicht und eine belastbare Entscheidungsgrundlage im Rahmen einer Standortanalyse generiert.
Digital image analysis in pathologist‐selected regions of interest predicts survival more accurately than whole‐slide analysis: a direct comparison study in 153 gastric carcinomas
Authors: Heo You Jeong , Lee Taebum , Byeon Sun‐Ju , Kim Eun Ji , Shin Hyeong Chan , Kim Binnari , Kang So Young , Ha Sang Yun , Kim Kyoung‐Mee
Published: September 2020

Automatic quantification of biomarkers such as tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes and PD‐L1 is one of the most studied topics in digital pathology image analysis (DIA). However, direct comparison between the DIA of a whole‐slide image (WSI) and that of regions of interest (ROIs) chosen by pathologists has not been performed. In this study, we aimed to compare the prognostic value of tumor microenvironment markers CD8 and PD‐L1, measured by DIA of WSIs and ROIs. We selected 153 primary gastric cancer tissues and stained them with CD8 and PD‐L1. All IHC slides were scanned at ×200 magnification and ratios of CD8 and PD‐L1 were measured in WSIs and ROIs from the invasive front, within the tumor, and the mucosa. Patients with high CD8 and PD‐L1 ratios showed more favorable outcomes compared to those with low ratios. Pathologist‐aided DIA predicted the survival of patients more accurately than WSI analysis (CD8, p = 0.025 versus p = 0.068; PD‐L1, p = 0.008 versus p = 0.2). Although a high density of CD8+ T cells at the invasive front correlated best with patient survival, CD8 ratio in the mucosa could also predict patient outcome. In conclusion, CD8 and PD‐L1 ratios measured by pathologist‐aided DIA predicted survival more accurately than WSI analyses and ROIs at the invasive front correlated best with patient outcome.
Predictors of ventricular pacing burden after permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Elzeneini Mohammed , Assaf Yazan , Aalaei‐Andabili Seyed Hossein , Mahmoud Ahmad , Hamburger Robert , Goel Ramil , Bavry Anthony A
Published: September 2020

Background

In the era of an expanding use of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), conduction disturbances and the requirement for permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation remains a clinical concern.

Hypothesis

Using a single‐center experience, we sought to identify predictors of ventricular pacing burden after TAVR in patients who required PPM implantation.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of 359 consecutive patients with symptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis who underwent TAVR at our institution between September 2013 and July 2019. Thirty patients (8.4%) required a PPM within 30 days after TAVR. Pre and post‐TAVR electrocardiograms, pre‐TAVR echocardiograms and computed tomography (CT), TAVR procedural details and post‐TAVR device interrogation records at 1, 3, and 6 months were reviewed.

Results

Mean percentage of ventricular pacing (VP%) at 1, 3, and 6 months was 58%, 59%, and 56% respectively. Using univariate logistic regression analysis, patients who had low VP% < 5% at 6 months were more likely to have a prosthesis/echocardiography‐derived left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) diameter ratio < 1.3 (OR 7.00, P‐value .048), prosthesis/CT‐derived aortic annulus diameter ratio < 1.02 (OR 7.11, P‐value .047), post‐TAVR new‐onset LBBB (OR 16.80, P‐value .019), time to PPM implantation greater than 2 days post‐TAVR (OR 9.38, P‐value .026) and pre‐TAVR use of a beta blocker (OR 9.40, P‐value .026).

Conclusions

In patients who required a PPM implantation post‐TAVR, a lower TAVR prosthesis/LVOT or aortic annulus diameter ratio, post‐TAVR new‐onset LBBB and later time of PPM implantation showed a trend toward predicting a low VP% at 6 months.
Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase increases myofibril viscosity in cardiac myocytes
Authors: Taneja Nilay , Bersi Matthew R. , Rasmussen Megan L. , Gama Vivian , Merryman W. David , Burnette Dylan T.
Published: September 2020

The coordinated generation of mechanical forces by cardiac myocytes is required for proper heart function. Myofibrils are the functional contractile units of force production within individual cardiac myocytes. At the molecular level, myosin motors form cross‐bridges with actin filaments and use ATP to convert chemical energy into mechanical forces. The energetic efficiency of the cross‐bridge cycle is influenced by the viscous damping of myofibril contraction. The viscoelastic response of myofibrils is an emergent property of their individual mechanical components. Previous studies have implicated titin‐actin interactions, cell‐ECM adhesion, and microtubules as regulators of the viscoelastic response of myofibrils. Here we probed the viscoelastic response of myofibrils using laser‐assisted dissection. As a proof‐of‐concept, we found actomyosin contractility was required to endow myofibrils with their viscoelastic response, with blebbistatin treatment resulting in decreased myofibril tension and viscous damping. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a key regulator of cell‐ECM adhesion, microtubule stability, and myofibril assembly. We found inhibition of FAK signaling altered the viscoelastic properties of myofibrils. Specifically, inhibition of FAK resulted in increased viscous damping of myofibril retraction following laser ablation. This damping was not associated with acute changes in the electrophysiological properties of cardiac myocytes. These results implicate FAK as a regulator of mechanical properties of myofibrils.
The Effects of the Alkaloid Tambjamine J on Mice Implanted with Sarcoma 180 Tumor Cells
Authors: Barros‐Nepomuceno Francisco Washington A. , de Araújo Viana Daniel , Pinheiro Daniel Pascoalino , de Cássia Evangelista de Oliveira Fátima , Magalhães Ferreira Jamile , R. de Queiroz Maria Goretti , Ma Xinghua , Cavalcanti Bruno Coêlho , Pessoa Claudia , Banwell Martin G.
Published: September 2020

The tambjamines are a small group of bipyrrolic alkaloids that, collectively, display a significant range of biological activities including antitumor, antimicrobial and immunosuppressive properties. The key objective of the present study was to undertake preclinical assessments of tambjamine J (T‐J) so as to determine its in vivo antitumor effects. To that end, sarcoma 180 cells were transplanted in mice and the impacts of the title compound then evaluated using a range of protocols including hematological, biochemical, histopathological, genotoxic and clastogenic assays. As a result it was established that this alkaloid has a significant therapeutic window and effectively reduces tumor growth (by 40 % and 79 % at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively). In this regard it displays similar antitumor activity to the anticancer agent cyclophosphamide and alters animal weight in an analogous manner.
Current and future trends in non–small cell lung cancer biomarker testing: The American experience
Authors: VanderLaan Paul A. , Roy‐Chowdhuri Sinchita
Published: September 2020

Biomarker testing in patients with advanced stage non–small cell lung cancer provides essential information that can be used to select the most appropriate therapy. The regular updates of guideline recommendations reflect the growing number of biomarkers that must be assessed, and as such signal the shift from single‐gene assays to more comprehensive genomic profiling using next‐generation sequencing modalities. Cytology and small biopsy specimens have proven to be more than adequate substrates for these types of ancillary molecular testing; however, other alternative testing substrates are beginning to emerge. These include so‐called liquid biopsies as well the supernatant fluid from cytology specimens, both of which have demonstrated promise for use in the clinical realm. This review will briefly cover the current state of non–small cell lung cancer biomarker testing in the United States, with a focus on these novel nonconventional substrates that are increasingly being incorporated into testing paradigms.
AAV9‐mediated AIRE gene delivery clears circulating antibodies and tissue T‐cell infiltration in a mouse model of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type‐1
Authors: Almaghrabi Sarah , Azzouz Mimoun , Tazi Ahnini Rachid
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type‐1 (APS‐1) is a monogenic recessive disorder characterised by multiple endocrine abnormalities, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and high titres of serum autoantibodies. To date, no curative treatment is available; current therapies manage the symptoms rather than treating the cause and have major side effects. APS‐1 is caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. AIRE mediates central tolerance by directing the ectopic expression of tissue‐specific antigens (TSAs) in medullary thymic epithelial cells, causing the deletion of self‐reactive thymocytes. Therefore, loss‐of‐function mutations in AIRE result in a multisystem autoimmune disease. Because of the monogenic aetiology of APS‐1 and availability of an APS‐1 mouse model, we have explored the option of restoring functional AIRE using adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9).

Methods

The efficacy of AAV9‐AIRE (AAV9 carrying AIRE cDNA) gene therapy was assessed in an APS‐1 mouse model. We performed intrathymic injection of AAV9‐AIRE into APS‐1 mouse model using ultrasound imaging technique to accurately locating the thymus. We evaluated the efficiency of this approach alongside measures of autoimmunity and histology of target tissues.

Results

Intrathymic injection of AAV9‐AIRE demonstrated high transduction efficiency and restored AIRE expression in the thymus. AIRE gene delivery led to a significant increase in TSA expression, and importantly a significant reduction of serum autoantibodies in treated versus control mice, which fell to near‐undetectable levels by 4 weeks post‐treatment. Furthermore, histological analysis of treated animals showed near‐normal tissue morphology with no lymphocytic infiltrations, a hallmark of untreated Aire‐deficient mice.

Conclusion

This study has demonstrated the feasibility of AAV9‐AIRE as a vehicle for gene therapy for APS‐1.
Host specificity and microhabitat preference of symbiotic copepods (Cyclopoida: Clausiididae) associated with ghost shrimps (Decapoda: Callichiridae, Callianideidae)
Authors: Sepahvand Vahid , Brown Bryan L. , Gholamifard Ali
Published: September 2020

We examined the host specificity of two ectosymbiotic Clausidium Kossman, 1874 copepods (Cyclopoida: Clausiididae) on two co‐occurrence species of host ghost shrimps. Our results revealed that both species of symbiotic copepod demonstrated extremely high host specificity. Moreover, within a single host shrimp species, each symbiont species displayed strong spatial patterns in microhabitat selection on their hosts’ bodies. Clausidium persiaensis Sepahvand & Kihara, 2017, was only found on the host Callianidea typa Milne Edwards, 1837 and almost exclusively within the host shrimp gill chamber, while C. iranensis Sepahvand, Kihara, & Boxshall, 2019 was only found on the host Neocallichirus jousseaumei (Nobili, 1904) and showed extremely strong preferences for the chelae and anterior walking legs. We also found that while the number of symbionts tends to increase with the host size, the two host species differed in the degree of symbiont infestation, with large C. typa hosting approximately 7× as many symbionts as the similarly sized N. jousseaumeia. The mechanisms resulting in the observed differences in infestation levels and microhabitat preferences of clausidium copepods among their hosts, including differences in physiology, burrowing pattern, and host grooming behavior should be further investigated.
Spectral and energy efficiency tradeoff in optical code division multiple access networks
Authors: Pendeza Martinez Cristiane A. , Abrão Taufik
Published: September 2020

A paradigm on the energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) tradeoff named resource efficiency (RE) exploits the EE‐SE equilibrium, which is formulated as Pareto optimal set based on two objectives balancing power consumption against occupied bandwidth. In optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) networks, the EE‐SE tradeoff is discussed by formulating a multiobjective optimization problem, while solutions are compared by deploying the weighted sum (WS) and ‐Constraint (‐C) scalarization procedures combined with nonlinear programming methods. The generalized RE optimization problem with QoS guarantees for the OCDMA networks is formulated considering that such methods result in the same Pareto boundaries. Theoretical results demonstrate that the obtained numerical optimized solutions are efficient due to the multiobjective characteristics of the optimization problem. Also, considering the numerical tests performed, it is noteworthy that the ‐C procedure found a greater diversity of solutions inside the Pareto front when compared with the WS method.
Holocene stratigraphic sequences in the northern Ordos Plateau and its implications for the disappearance of Huoluochaideng ancient city in the Han Dynasty, North China
Authors: Liang Xia , Dong Xiaopeng , Yan Jiyuan , Liu Xiaobo
Published: September 2020

The Huoluochaideng ancient city, located in the northern Ordos Plateau, once was a prosperous metropolis in Han Dynasty. However, the city suddenly disappeared at ~2.0 ka and the reason for the disappearance is still a mystery. In this article, detailed analysis on the Holocene stratigraphic sequences and active tectonics in the area of northern Ordos Plateau are presented to reveal the reasons for the Huoluochaideng ancient city's disappearance. Our results show that the Huoluochaideng ancient cities were filled with the flood deposits and buried on a group scale. The Holocene flood deposits were widely distributed in the ancient city and adjacent areas. The 14C dating results of the flood deposits demonstrated the ancient city experienced at least three palaeoflood events (~2.05, ~1.99, and ~1.85 ka) during the Late Holocene, which are consistent with the occurrence time of the most recent palaeoearthquake events (~2.08–1.85 ka) on the Langshan Mountain piedmont fault. Therefore, it is suggested that the palaeoearthquake events and their secondary damages led to the outbreak of extensive floods in the northern Ordos Plateau. After the last flood event (~1.85 ka), the Huoluochaideng ancient city was buried again by the northward moving Kubuqi Desert due to the arid climate and desertification. In summary, the disappearance of Huoluochaideng ancient city is suggested to relate with the great flood events that was triggered by the palaeoearthquake on the Langshan Mountain piedmont fault, such as the levees break of the Yellow River.
Head and Neck Cancer and Social Media: The Patient Experience and Cancer Survivorship
Authors: Gao Rebecca W. , Smith Joshua D. , Malloy Kelly M.
Published: September 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis

To characterize the head and neck cancer patients' lived experiences with survivorship through Instagram and examine opportunities for health professionals to provide support and outreach specifically targeting these needs.

Study Design

Descriptive observational study.

Methods

We analyzed key head and neck cancer–related hashtags by querying medical and layman terminology. The top English‐language posts for #headandneckcancer underwent further content examination using thematic analysis based in grounded theory for categorization for user engagement (determined by “likes” and comments), type of content, and category of the account that created the post. Of the survivorship posts by patients, the content of posts in top user accounts was further analyzed.

Results

There were 11,600 Instagram posts on #headandneckcancer, 1,300 posts on #headandneckcancerawareness, 1,100 posts on #headandneckcancersurvivor, and several thousand posts for additional layman terms. The majority of posts were from patients (65%), with few from head and neck surgeons or medical organizations (26%). User engagement was primarily by nonmedical accounts (95%). Posts by patients discussed medical appointments and treatments (81%), managing treatment effects and symptoms (66%), and cancer screening and prevention (23%). Specific concerns included fatigue (53%), postsurgical cosmetic appearance (27%), and weight and nutrition (34%).

Conclusions

Our study suggests that Instagram accounts can be intimate records of the patient experience, and gaining a better understanding of the daily experience of survivorship may be critical for head and neck surgeons and other oncology providers to provide truly comprehensive cancer care.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1214–E1219, 2021
Effect of Ti and Zr elements with equal mass ratio on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Zn‐11Al‐3Mg alloy
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Zhou Guorong , Sun Huijie , Teng Xinying , Zhao Zhenlu
Published: September 2020

In this study, the effect of Ti and Zr elements with equal mass ratio on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Zn‐11Al‐3Mg alloy was investigated. The microstructure was significantly refined and Al‐rich phase transformed from dendrite to petal‐like with the addition of Zr and Ti elements, due to the Al3(TixZr1 − x) phase as the nucleation substrate. The corrosion resistance of Zn‐11Al‐3Mg‐x(Ti,Zr) alloy was effectively improved. Moreover, the corrosion products of Zn‐Al‐Mg alloy were not changed by the addition of Ti and Zr, which are mainly composed of Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O and Zn6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O.
Evaluation of the localized corrosion on Mg electrode surface by electrochemical noise technique
Authors: Naghizade Razieh , Hosseini Seyyed M. A. , Shahidi‐Zandi Mehdi , Saheb Vahid
Published: September 2020

The symmetrical and asymmetrical electrodes made of Mg were studied in 0.1‐M NaCl electrolyte adjusted at pH 12. The statistical and wavelet methods were employed for analyzing the electrochemical current noise (ECN) signals. The asymmetric configuration was used for electrochemical detection of filiform corrosion on Mg electrode. The real time scale of the dominant transients of the asymmetric electrodes was detected on the basis of the maximum peak in the SDPS plots. The SDPS values of the real time scale crystals of the ECN signals resulting from asymmetrical electrodes increased with the increase in immersion time due to the onset of filiform corrosion.
Collective aggregation of a linearly coupled stochastic Cucker–Smale ensemble on asymmetric networks
Authors: Bae Hyeong‐Ohk , Ha Seung‐Yeal , Kim Doheon , Kim Yongsik , Lim Hyuncheul , Yoo Jane
Published: September 2020

We study the stochastic aggregation of linearly coupled Cucker–Smale (CS) particles on several asymmetric networks. Our proposed first‐order stochastic CS model was motivated as a stochastic dynamics modeling on the rates of multiasset return. In this study, we consider three asymmetric networks and study sufficient conditions toward stochastic aggregation for each proposed network. We also provide several numerical and empirical examples and compare them with theoretical results. In financial applications, we regard particles or agents as analysts and study their herding behavior based on our proposed model.
Uncontactless detection of improvised explosives TATP realized by Au NCs tailored PPV flexible photoelectric Schottky sensor
Authors: Xie Guanshun , Lv Xiaorong , Zhang Peng , Liu Bingxin , Gao Li , Duan Junyuan , Ma Bin , Wu Zhaofeng
Published: September 2020

Triacetone triperoxide (TATP) is widely used in terrorist attacks because of its simple synthesis but hard to be directly detected. Herein, polyphenylene vinylene (PPV) derivative with the vinyl group on the side chain is cross‐linked by Au nanoclusters (Au NCs) to construct flexible Schottky sensors to arrange the uncontactless detection of TATP vapor. Experiments and simulations show that Au NCs generate a strong electromagnetic field with collective coupling which can effectively promote the photoinduced electron‐hole separation of the PPV and detection sensitivity to TATP. The simple fingerprint patterns can discriminate TATP from 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4‐dinitrotoluene (DNT), p‐nitrotoluene
(PNT), picric acid (PA), Hexogen (RDX), and tetryl by pattern to recognize inherent kinetics and thermodynamics of interaction between the sensors and specimen. The electron transfers from Au NCs to PPV after the adsorption of TATP molecules as the electronegativity of TATP is smaller than that of Au NCs and which is obvious in electron donating effect. Therefore, Au acts as a hole trap and reduces the hole concentration as well as restricting the carrier transport. However, the oscillator strength of the charge transferred from Au NCs to PPV simulation indicates that the role of Au NCs change from the hole trap to electron trap after adsorption of other explosives. Furthermore, the flexibility and stability of the sensor films are also demonstrated in this paper which is of great significance for the practical application of flexible electronic devices with high performance.
Reinvestigation of environmental Kuznets curve with ecological footprints: Empirical analysis of economic growth and population density
Authors: Hussain Muzzammil , Usman Muhammad , Khan Jawad Ahmad , Tarar Zahid Hassan , Sarwar Muhammad Arslan
Published: September 2020

A large population is not only the burden to a country's economy but can be a threat to the environment. However, the role of the population density in the quality of the environment is silent in the literature. On this note, the current study focuses on the effect of population density on ecological footprints in Pakistan for the period from 1981 to 2016 in the framework of EKC theory. The result from the autoregressive distributive lag model summarized that the effect of population density on ecological footprint is negative and statistically significant, implying that population density does not contribute to environmental degradation. No causality is evident in economic development and ecological footprint. Unlike others, the findings of this study suggest that if the population is suitably spread, it can help to reduce environmental degradation. Moreover, policymakers need to reconsider the density of the population to avoid an ecological deficit.
Assessment of provider perspectives on otoprotection research for children and adolescents: A Children's Oncology Group Cancer Control and Supportive Care Committee survey
Authors: Orgel Etan , Freyer David R. , Ullrich Nicole J. , Hardy Kristina K. , Thomas Stefanie M. , Dvorak Christopher C. , Esbenshade Adam J.
Published: September 2020

Background

Cisplatin‐induced hearing loss (CIHL) is a common and debilitating toxicity for childhood cancer survivors. Understanding provider perspectives is crucial to developing otoprotection studies that are both informative and feasible. Two international trials (ACCL0431 and SIOPEL6) investigated the drug sodium thiosulfate (STS) as an otoprotectant, but definitive interpretation of the findings of these trials has been challenging. Adoption of STS has therefore been uneven, and provider perspectives on its role are unknown.

Procedure

The Children's Oncology Group (COG) Cancer Control and Supportive Care Neurotoxicity Subcommittee therefore conducted a survey of providers at COG institutions to determine perspectives on pediatric otoprotection practices and research surrounding three major themes: (1) prevalence of routine use of STS with cisplatin‐based regimens, (2) application of audiometry to cisplatin therapy, and (3) preferred modalities for otoprotection research.

Results

Survey respondents (45%, 44/98 surveyed institutions) were of diverse institutional sizes, practice settings, and geographical locations primarily in the United States and Canada. Overall, respondents considered CIHL an important toxicity and indicated strong enthusiasm for future studies (98%, 40/41). Results indicated that while STS was the current or planned standard of care in a minority of responding institutions (36%, 16/44), most sites were receptive to its inclusion in appropriate study designs. Application of audiometry for ototoxicity monitoring varied widely across sites. For otoprotection research, systemic agents were preferred (68%, 28/41) as compared with intratympanic approaches.

Conclusion

These results suggest that pediatric otoprotection trials remain of interest to providers; the emphasis of these trials should remain on systemic and not intratympanic therapy.
Live‐cell RESOLFT nanoscopy of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Schnorrenberg Sebastian , Ghareeb Hassan , Frahm Lars , Grotjohann Tim , Jensen Nickels , Teichmann Thomas , Hell Stefan W. , Lipka Volker , Jakobs Stefan
Published: September 2020

Subdiffraction super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy, or nanoscopy, has seen remarkable developments in the last two decades. Yet, for the visualization of plant cells, nanoscopy is still rarely used. In this study, we established RESOLFT nanoscopy on living green plant tissue. Live‐cell RESOLFT nanoscopy requires and utilizes comparatively low light doses and intensities to overcome the diffraction barrier. We generated a transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plant line expressing the reversibly switchable fluorescent protein rsEGFP2 fused to the mammalian microtubule‐associated protein 4 (MAP4) in order to ubiquitously label the microtubule cytoskeleton. We demonstrate the use of RESOLFT nanoscopy for extended time‐lapse imaging of cortical microtubules in Arabidopsis leaf discs. By combining our approach with fluorescence lifetime gating, we were able to acquire live‐cell RESOLFT images even close to chloroplasts, which exhibit very strong autofluorescence. The data demonstrate the feasibility of subdiffraction resolution imaging in transgenic plant material with minimal requirements for sample preparation.
Cyclopropanation of poly(isoprene) using NHC‐Cu(I) catalysts: Introducing carboxylates
Authors: Shinde Kshitij Sanjay , Michael Philipp , Rössle Michael , Thiele Sven , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: September 2020

The incorporation of functional groups into unsaturated polyolefine‐polymers often represent a challenging task. Based on the known cyclopropanation of double bonds with diazoesters in the presence of metal‐catalysts of low molecular weight compounds, we in this article develop an approach to decorate the polymer backbone of poly(diene)s with ester as well as carboxylic groups via cyclopropanation. Therefore, predominantly cis‐1,4‐poly(isoprene)s are converted with ethyl or tert‐butyl diazoacetate using copper(I) N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts, while focusing on the technically relevant cyclohexane as solvent. The application of commercially available NHC‐Cu(I) catalysts results in modification degrees of 4–5%, while an increased solvent polarity, like dichloromethane, results in up to 17% modification. The resulting esters were further converted to the corresponding free carboxylic groups by deprotection using trifluoroacetic acid. Thus, an introduction of functional groups along the polymer backbone with a wide variety of application, like ionic interaction or hydrogen bonding motifs, was successfully demonstrated. Its potential for upscaling makes this approach feasible for an application in large‐scale production processes, such as for manufacturing of modified synthetic rubbers.
Real‐time fluorometric evaluation of hepatoblast proliferation in vivo and in vitro using the expression of CYP3A7 coding for human fetus‐specific P450
Authors: Okuyama Shota , Kawamura Fumihiko , Kubiura Musashi , Tsuji Saori , Osaki Mitsuhiko , Kugoh Hiroyuki , Oshimura Mitsuo , Kazuki Yasuhiro , Tada Masako
Published: September 2020

The fields of drug discovery and regenerative medicine require large numbers of adult human primary hepatocytes. For this purpose, it is desirable to use hepatocyte‐like cells (HLCs) differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Premature hepatoblast‐like cells (HB‐LCs) differentiated from PSCs provide an intermediate source and steady supply of newly mature HLCs. To develop an efficient HB‐LC induction method, we constructed a red fluorescent reporter, CYP3A7R, in which DsRed is placed under the transcriptional control of CYP3A7 coding for a human fetus‐type P450 enzyme. Before using this reporter in human cells, we created transgenic mice using mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) carrying a CYP3A7R transgene and confirmed that CYP3A7R was specifically expressed in fetal and newborn livers and reactivated in the adult liver in response to hepatic regeneration. Moreover, we optimized the induction procedure of HB‐LCs from transgenic mouse ESCs using semi‐quantitative fluorometric evaluation. Activation of Wnt signaling together with chromatin modulation prior to Activin A treatment greatly improved the induction efficiency of HB‐LCs. BMP2 and 1.7% dimethyl sulfoxide induced selective proliferation of HB‐LCs, which matured to HLCs. Therefore, CYP3A7R will provide a fluorometric evaluation system for high content screening of chemicals that induce HB‐LC differentiation, hepatocyte regeneration, and hepatotoxicity when it is introduced into human PSCs.
Defeating malaria: new weapons against one of our deadliest foes
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: September 2020

Malaria remains a global threat, with resistance to antimalarials an increasing risk and no vaccine available despite decades of research. However, recent studies on the benefits of combining antimalarials, emerging treatments with novel mechanisms of action, and several new vaccines in clinical trials indicate there is reason to be hopeful.
What do patients ask when using a medicines helpline service?
Authors: Robertson Adrian J , Forkin Deborah , Astin Felicity
Published: September 2020

A medicines helpline service, run by a hospital pharmacy department, is one intervention that may help reduce medication errors and improve patient safety. Here, the authors describe their study examining how patients utilise Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust's medicines helpline service, in terms of the types of enquiries received and how these relate to the medicines dispensed within the Trust. They also discuss how the service could be improved.
NICE on antimicrobial prescribing for leg ulcer infection
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: September 2020

NICE's antimicrobial prescribing guidelines offer evidence‐based advice to help health professionals and patients manage common infections and reduce antimicrobial resistance. This article summarises the antimicrobial guideline on managing leg ulcer infection (NG152).
Strategies for the highly efficient synthesis of erythropoietin N‐glycopeptide hydrazides
Authors: Hessefort Markus , Hessefort Hendrik , Seeleithner Simone , Gross Angelina , Lott Marie , Rau David , Kern Laura , Unverzagt Carlo
Published: September 2020

A convergent synthesis for erythropoietin (EPO) 1‐28 N‐glycopeptide hydrazides was developed. In this approach, EPO 1‐28 peptides were synthesized on the solid phase and converted to C‐terminal hydrazides after cleavage from the resin. After selective deprotection of the Asp24 side chain, the desired glycosylamine was coupled by pseudoproline‐assisted Lansbury aspartylation. Although the initial yields of the EPO 1‐28 glycopeptides were satisfactory, they could be markedly improved by increasing the purity of the peptide using a reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) purification of the protected peptide.
Semi‐supervised logistic learning based on exponential tilt mixture models
Authors: Zhang Xinwei , Tan Zhiqiang
Published: September 2020

Consider semi‐supervised learning for classification, where both labelled and unlabelled data are available for training. The goal is to exploit both datasets to achieve higher prediction accuracy than just using labelled data alone. We develop a semi‐supervised logistic learning method based on exponential tilt mixture models by extending a statistical equivalence between logistic regression and exponential tilt modelling. We study maximum nonparametric likelihood estimation and derive novel objective functions that are shown to be Fisher probability consistent. We also propose regularized estimation and construct simple and highly interpretable expectation–maximization (EM) algorithms. Finally, we present numerical results that demonstrate the advantage of the proposed methods compared with existing methods.
Non-minimal tinges of Unimodular Gravity
Authors: Herrero-Valea Mario , Santos-Garcia Raquel
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Unimodular Gravity is normally assumed to be equivalent to General Relativity for all matters but the character of the Cosmological Constant. Here we discuss this equivalence in the presence of a non-minimally coupled scalar field. We show that when we consider gravitation to be dynamical in a QFT sense, quantum corrections can distinguish both theories if the non-minimal coupling is non-vanishing. In order to show this, we construct a path integral formulation of Unimodular Gravity, fixing the complicated gauge invariance of the theory and computing all one-loop divergences. We find a combination of the couplings in the Lagrangian to which we can assign a physical meaning. It tells whether quantum gravitational phenomena can be ignored or not at a given energy scale. Its renormalization group flow differs depending on if it is computed in General Relativity or Unimodular Gravity.
Fracture strength of non-invasively reinforced MOD cavities on endodontically treated teeth
Authors: Daher René , Ardu Stefano , Di Bella Enrico , Rocca Giovanni T. , Feilzer Albert J. , Krejci Ivo
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and failure mode of non-invasively reinforced endodontically treated mandibular molars. Sixty freshly extracted defect-free mandibular molars were divided into four experimental groups with extensive MOD cavities on endodontically treated teeth with different restoration types and one control group with intact teeth (n  = 12). The groups were as follows: “Normal”: direct resin composite; “Ring”: glass fiber-reinforced strip (Dentapreg) wrapped around buccal and lingual walls followed by direct resin composite; “Inlay”: indirect CAD/CAM resin composite inlay; “Onlay”: indirect CAD/CAM resin composite onlay; “Intact”: Intact teeth (Control). Tetric EvoCeram and Adhese Universal (Ivoclar Vivadent) were used for direct restorations and Tetric CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent) adhesively luted with Adhese Universal and Variolink Esthetic LC (Ivoclar Vivadent) were used for indirect restorations. All teeth were submitted to thermo-mechanical cyclic loading. All samples were then submitted to a compressive load until fracture. Fracture load was noted and teeth were analyzed to classify the failure mode as either catastrophic (C) or non-catastrophic (NC). No statistically significant difference was found between fracture strength of the five groups when all specimens were considered (p = 0.1461). Intact group showed the lowest percentage of catastrophic failures (41.67%). Ring group presents less catastrophic failures (75%) than Normal group (83.34%), and failures of indirect restorations—Inlay and Onlay—were almost all catastrophic (91.67% and 100%, respectively).
Gimme Shelter: differential utilisation and propagule creation of invasive macrophytes by native caddisfly larvae
Authors: Crane Kate , Cuthbert Ross N. , Ricciardi Anthony , Kregting Louise , Coughlan Neil E. , MacIsaac Hugh J. , Reid Neil , Dick Jaimie T. A.
Published: September 2020

In aquatic systems, invasive submerged macrophytes considerably alter the structure and functioning of communities, thus potentially compromising ecosystem services. The prolific spread of invasive macrophytes is often aided by vegetative fragment propagation, yet the contributions of various commonly occurring invertebrates to such fragmentation are often unquantified. In the present study, we examine fragmentary spread of invasive macrophytes by a group of shredder-herbivores, larval caddisflies. Through novel application of the comparative functional response (FR; resource use as a function of density) approach to the native case-building speciesLimnephilus lunatus, we compared utilisation of non-native waterweedsElodea canadensisandE. nuttalliiin mono- and polycultures. Furthermore, we quantified de-cased and cased caddisfly-induced fragment production and length changes among non-nativeE. canadensis,E. nuttallii,Crassula helmsiiandLagarosiphon majorunder two different plant orientations: horizontal (floating) versus vertical (upright) growth forms. Larval caddisflies exhibited Type II (hyperbolic) FRs towards bothElodeaspecies, and utilised each plant at similar rates when plants were provided separately. When plant species were presented in combination horizontally,E. canadensiswas significantly less utilised compared toE. nuttallii, corroborating observations in the field. De-cased larvae produced new plant fragments for all four aquatic macrophytes, whereas cased larvae fragmented plants significantly less.Elodea nuttaliiandC. helmsiiwere fragmented the most overall.Crassula helmsiiwas utilised to the greatest extent when plants were horizontally orientated, andElodeaspecies when vertically orientated. This study identifies and quantifies a mechanism from a novel species group that may contribute to the spread of invasive macrophytes in aquatic systems. Whilst exploititative interactions are thought to impede invasion success, here we demonstrate how resource utilisation by a resident species may exacerbate propagule pressure from an invasive species.