bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communication Skills in Medical Education: An Integrated Approach
Authors:   The University of Western Australia, Bennett Kellie , Lyons Zaza
Published: January 2025

The importance of teaching communication skills in any undergraduate medical curriculum cannot be overstated. Effective doctor-patient communication is widely recognised as an essential aspect of quality patient care. A communication skills module developed for first-year medical students at the University of Western Australia (UWA) is described in this paper. This module aimed to enhance students’ skills in medical communication and increase their understanding of the importance of addressing the patient’s perspective. Results of a preliminary evaluation suggested that the module may significantly improve students’ communication skills and their appreciation of the role of communication in the doctor-patient relationship. The involvement of patients, both real and simulated, and the use of role play, were reported to be the most significant module features for increasing understanding of the importance and value of communication in the doctor-patient relationship.
An Overview of Undergraduate Training in Cultural Competency and Cross-Cultural Psychiatry
Authors:   The University of Western Australia, Lyons Zaza , Laugharne Jonathan
Published: January 2025

Multiculturalism is a familiar concept in many developed countries. While cultural competency training is part of most medical curricula, training in cultural psychiatry at the undergraduate level is typically minimal. It is important that medical graduates are both culturally competent and able to respond to the mental health needs of patients from diverse cultures. This paper provides an overview of the teaching of cultural competency and cultural psychiatry to medical students and discusses aspects of cultural psychiatry that could be included in medical courses. It was concluded that there needs to be more attention given to the teaching of cultural psychiatry in the undergraduate curriculum. The challenge for medical curricula is in the provision of cultural psychiatry content to ensure that students are able effectively to communicate, assess, and treat patients from different cultural backgrounds by the time they graduate and begin their professional careers.
A Tutorial Programme to Enhance Psychiatry Learning Processes within a PBL-Based Course
Authors:   The University of Western Australia, Hood Sean , Chapman Elaine
Published: January 2025

This paper describes a tutorial programme developed at the University of Western Australia (UWA) to enhance medical students’ learning processes within problem-based learning contexts. The programme encourages students to use more effective learning approaches by scaffolding the development of effective problem-solving strategies and by reducing examination anxiety. The programme adds to a growing body of work on methods to augment problem-based teaching practices in psychiatry education.
Simulation à l’aide de PRO-II de la pyrolyse des huiles de palme et de coprah sur unité pilote à la Société Ivoirienne de Raffinage (SIR)
Authors: Abollé Abollé , Edmond Kouassi Konan , Eric Konan Kouakou , Planche Henri
Published: January 2025

Overproduction of vegetable oils accounts for around 10% of production. In addition, there are oils that have been downgraded because of their high acidity level (> 6%). This work consisted of simulation tests using PRO-II on the pyrolysis of these vegetable oils for use as fuel in existing combustion engines. According to the results obtained, the bio-gasoline cut is extracted between 40 °C and 216 °C, and 40 °C and 180 °C, respectively for palm and copra; whereas the biodiesel cut is extracted between 216 °C and 263 °C, and between 180 °C and 196 °C, in the same order. For these two types of cut, the average molar weights are close to those of petroleum-based fuel. The palm-diesel cut shows more pronounced peaks in n-pentadecane (49.87%), while with copra-diesel oil, the chromatogram shows a more pronounced peak for n-undecane at 62.07%. This distribution of weight percentages is inherent to each oil, and shows that the biodiesel obtained with copra is lighter than that obtained with palm oil, even though overall they are both close to paraffin. In addition, the density of the distillation residue from palm oil is close to that of its diesel. In short, the simulation produced cuts close to those of conventional fuels, and could therefore be a decisive tool for the efficient implementation of a pilot unit.

Keywords: Palm oil; Copra oil; Biofuels; Simulation; Pyrolysis.
Évaluation du vieillissement de quatre huiles végétales utilisées en friture par la méthode d’illumination structurée (SLIPI-1p)
Authors: Adepo Serge M. , Bosson Jocelyne M. , Dion Sylvere B. , Adjoumani Kouakou Y. , Bagui Kossan O. , Regnima Guy-O. , Zoueu Thouakesseh J.
Published: January 2025

The aging of oils poses a significant challenge to food safety. This study evaluates the impact of repeated use of four frying oils (palm oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, and extra virgin olive oil) during chicken frying, using the Structured Laser Illumination Planar Imaging (SLIPI-1p) technique at 450 nm. This method, which involves spatially modulating the intensity of a laser sheet with a diffraction grating, enables precise degradation analysis by measuring extinction coefficients. Fifteen samples of each oil were analyzed at specific temperatures and wavelengths. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of these oils were characterized according to AOAC standards, allowing for the correlation of measured optical properties with established quality standards. Sunflower oil remained usable up to the 10th frying cycle (78 minutes, extinction < 0.439 ± 0.001 mm⁻¹), while soybean oil maintained quality up to the 9th frying cycle (71 minutes, extinction < 0.488 ± 0.001 mm⁻¹). Palm oil showed significant degradation after the 6th frying cycle (49 minutes, extinction > 0.570 ± 0.002 mm⁻¹). Extra virgin olive oil reached degradation thresholds after 100 minutes of use, approximately at the 13th frying cycle (extinction > 0.680 ± 0.002 mm⁻¹). This study reveals that extra virgin olive oil is the most resistant to degradation, whereas palm oil is particularly sensitive to degradation. The results provide recommended usage thresholds for each oil and highlight the effectiveness of laser sheet imaging as a promising tool for assessing the quality of cooking oils.

Keywords: Oil aging; Frying; Food safety; SLIPI-1p; Extinction coefficients.
Earth Institute Journal como promotor del desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Pineda Terreros Norma Maruja
Published: January 2025

Naciones Unidas llama a la acción para el Desarrollo Sostenible a todas las personas, personas como usted; y con el objetivo de ayudar a esta misión, Earth Institute promueve el Desarrollo Sostenible con más de 20 años de experiencia, entre ellos mediante la promoción de las investigaciones académicas, científicas y tecnológicas; siendo uno de los resultados el esfuerzo de alentar la difusión de los artículos científicos por medio de Earth Institute Journal; contribuyendo de este modo con nuestra misión en promover el Desarrollo Sostenible con una participación proactiva de la Academia y los actores involucrados.
Lecciones aprendidas del proceso de promoción de la inversión privada en el proyecto minero Antamina
Authors: Pineda Terreros José Armando
Published: January 2025

Antamina esperó más de un siglo desde su descubrimiento en hacerse realidad; Este artículo tiene como objetivo documentar las lecciones aprendidas del proceso de promoción de la inversión privada en Antamina; como metodología se basa en la revisión documentaria del Libro Blanco del Proceso de Privatización de Antamina publicado por PROINVERSIÓN; y como resultado, se describe los principales hitos del desarrollo de este proyecto minero en solo 5 años (1996-2001); dando lugar a conclusiones y recomendaciones donde es posible hacer realidad proyectos mineros en solo 5 años cuando hay una voluntad política y participación proactiva del estado, la confianza y apuesta del inversionista y los actores involucrados
Evolución en la gestión de los pasivos ambientales mineros en el Perú
Authors: Quispe Quispe Alexander
Published: January 2025

Perú como importante país minero, ha acumulado Pasivos Ambientales Mineros en actual proceso de remediación y cierre. Este artículo tiene como objetivo documentar los avances normativos y de gestión respecto al manejo de los Pasivos Ambientales Mineros (PAM) en el Perú; como metodología se basa en la revisión documentaria emitida por el Ministerio de Energía y Minas (MINEM) y Activos Mineros SAC (AMSAC) como entidades públicas encargadas de la gestión de los PAM; y como resultado, se presentan la evolución del inventario de los PAM y los avances en la gestión de los PAM en el Perú; dando lugar a conclusiones donde es posible advertir un avance considerable en la gestión y las oportunidades de una economía circular y cooperación internacional, generando valor en la gestión de los Pasivos Ambientales Mineros en el Perú.
La gestión de la reducción del riesgo de desastres como estrategia de planificación e integración en el Perú.
Authors: Pineda Terreros José Armando
Published: January 2025

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la gestión del riesgo de desastres como estrategia de planificación e integración en el Perú; como metodología se basa en la revisión documentaria sobre la política internacional delineada por la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas para la Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres (UNDRR) y su implementación en el Perú; y como resultado se presentan las posibilidades de planificación e integración en el Perú, dando lugar a conclusiones donde es posible promover proyectos de inversión con desarrollo sostenible que coadyuven al ordenamiento territorial y gestión social para revertir los efectos del cambio climático en el Perú.
Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Komunikasi Profetik pada Remaja Majelis Rasulllah
Authors: Dharmawan Donny , Wardi Miftahussa'adah
Published: January 2025

The Rasulullah SAW Assembly, commonly called MR, is an assembly which is headquartered on Jl. Cikoko Barat V No. 66 RT. 03/05 Pancoran in South Jakarta and run by Alm. Habib Munzir Al Musawa. This assembly provides religious lessons, which include dhikr and prayer as a means to remember the Creator and His Messenger as well as a means to disseminate Islamic religious knowledge. The Assembly of the Prophet is interesting to study because it describes the success of Prophet Muhammad's prophetic communication, so that his message reaches the present day. In order to find the values of prophetic communication in the Prophet's assembly, researchers carried out research using ethnographic methodology. Researchers are directly involved in the activities of the Prophet's assembly and write down the interactions that exist in the community in order to find the values and meanings stored in the Rasulullah's assembly. This research was conducted on December 12 2022 at the Ar Ridwan Bekasi Islamic boarding school. It was found that most of the youth in the Prophet's assembly implemented prophetic communication values including, shidiq, amanah, tabligh, fathonah in everyday life.
Abuya Saifuddin Amsir as The Rijal Dakwah
Authors: Adawiyah Robiah , Uyuni Badrah , Adnan Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Saifuddin Amsir is one of the many betawi scholars who lived in the 21st century AD. he is known as a versatile preacher. he preached with various methods of da'wah. he preached with billisan, bilkitabah da'wah, bilhaal da'wah, and bittadhrib da'wah. This article uses a qualitative method with descriptive analysis. Saifuddin Amsir has nine abilities worthy of being a charismatic ulama star figure, including first, salafiyah, namely mastery of kitab kuning, second, kholafiyah, namely academics, third, hikmah, namely the ability to pray and wirid that has been routinized by experts, fourth, thoriqoh, namely dhikr to Allah SWT. fifth, tsaqowaf, namely cultural breadth, sixth, iqtishodiyah, namely economic capabilities such as being trusted to be a member of the DSN, seventh, tarbiyah, namely having an Education Foundation such as Ma'had Ali Zawiyah, eighth, harokah because he is an active person in mass organizations such as NU and finally ninth, siyasah, namely political ability.
Analisis Strategi Personal Branding KH Amin Noer dalam Mensyiarkan Islam di Yayasan Attaqwa Bekasi
Authors: Wardi Miftahussa'adah , Kamila Tiara Hana
Published: January 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana KH. Amin Noer membranding dirinya agar   dapat menyiarkan Islam di lingkungan  Yayasan At-Taqwa dan institusi lain . Dengan menggunakan teori personal branding Peter Montoya mencoba  menganalisis strategi yang dilakukan KH. Amin Noer dalam melakukan personal branding.
Untuk menjawab masalah diatas, peneliti menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan mengamati sebuah fakta, mencari data-data lapangan yang dikumpulkan dengan metode  wawancara, menanyakan 8 konsep personal branding menurut Peter Montoya yang dilakukan KH Amin Noer.
Pesan Dakwah dalam Film Insya Allah SAH (Analisis Semiotika Roland Barthes)
Authors: Mahbubi Sukma Garda , Marzuki Abid , Fanshoby Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Film merupakan media yang dapat menjadi sumber kajian, maka dari itu Aktivitas penyampaian dakwah di era modern ini tidak melulu dari mimbar ke mimbar.dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tentang pesan dakwah yang terkandung dalam film Insya Allah Sah dengan menggunakan analisis semiotika roland barthes. Diperlukan sebuah metode penelitian, yakni berbagai pengetahuan mengenai cara-cara sistematis maupun logis tentang mencari data yang berkaitan dengan persoalan tertentu untuk diuji, dianalisis, diambil hasilnya dan selanjutnya dicarikan solusinya.
Untuk menjawab masalah yang diambil, peneliti menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan mengamati film Insya Allah SAH dan kemudian mengambil beberapa scene yang merujuk pada pesan dakwah. Data yang disajikan berupa pesan yang diambil dalam setiap scene, pada scene pertama dan kedua merupakan perkataan karakter berbunyi istigfar dan doa. Scene ketiga dan keempat merupakan perbuatan karakter yang dilakukan menepati nazar dan menutupi aurat.
Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan ditemukan beberapa kesimpulan yang mengandung pesan dakwah, di antaranya keutamaan doa ketika dalam kesulitan yaitu agar selalu mengingat Allah SWT, keutamaan istighfar yaitu mencegah seseorang melakukan kesalahan, keutamaan menepati nazar yaitu melaksanakan janji, serta keutamaan menutup aurat yaitu menjaga seseorang dari hal-hal buruk.
Penguatan Akidah Melalui Sosialisasi Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Asmaul Husna di Majlis Ta’lim Sabtu Bagor Penggarutan Taruma Jaya Bekasi
Authors: Mahya Mimi Jamilah
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang peran Majlis Taklim Hari Sabtu di Kavling Kp. Bogor Penggarutan dalam meningkatkan pemahaman keagaam khususnya dalam bidang Akidah dan Keimanan. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan melalui penjelasan deskriptif. karena data yang diperoleh diolah dan dijelaskan dalam deskripsi. Adapun metode yang penulis gunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini berpedoman pada sumber data yang primer dan sekunder. Sumber data primer yaitu melalui wawancara langsung dengan ketua dan pengurus majlis taklim dan anggota majlis atau jamaah. Sedangkan data sekunder yaitu berasal dari dokumentasi program kegiatan. Adapun hasil temuan penelitian ini yaitu bahwa Sosialisasi Asmaul Husna memiliki peran penting dalam peningkatan aqidah ibu-ibu majlis Taklim Sabtu di desa setia Asih Kecamatan Taruma Jaya.
Role of Automation in SOC Operations: Benefits & Limitations
Authors: - Sabeeruddin shaik
Published: January 2025

In the evolving world of Technology. Due to the increase in Cyber Threats, Organizations must improve their security measures to protect their Assets. Organizations need to adopt Automation in the Security Operations Center to achieve this. This paper analyses the benefits of enhancing security by implementing automation controls and explains the limitations and challenges, such as false positives and ethical aspects of adopting automation technology. This paper provides a detailed analysis of how Automation helps improve Incident Response capabilities, Regular monitoring, scalability, and Operational consistency. Some real case scenarios about the metrics, such as response times and operational efficiency, will be explained with the help of graphical representation and flow charts. The findings offer actionable strategies to balance automation with human expertise for effective cybersecurity.
The Future of AI-Driven Automation in Retail: Transforming Consumer Experience and Operational Efficiency
Authors: - Vidushi Sharma
Published: January 2025

The retail industry is undergoing a profound transformation due to the integration of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven automation technologies. This paper explores the future of AI in retail, focusing on how AI-driven automation is reshaping both consumer experiences and operational efficiency. The study investigates two key research questions: (1) How can AI-driven automation enhance customer experience in retail? and (2) What role does AI automation play in optimizing retail operations? To address these questions, the research combines a comprehensive literature review, case studies of leading retailers (Amazon, Walmart, and Alibaba), expert interviews, and consumer surveys. The findings reveal that AI technologies, including recommendation systems, chatbots, dynamic pricing algorithms, and robotics, are significantly enhancing customer engagement by providing personalized, seamless shopping experiences. Moreover, AI is improving operational efficiency through advancements in inventory management, supply chain optimization, and cost reduction in fulfillment processes. However, the study also identifies key challenges, including concerns over data privacy, potential job displacement due to automation, and biases in AI algorithms. Despite these challenges, the results indicate that AI-driven automation has the potential to revolutionize the retail landscape by delivering more personalized experiences and improving efficiency for both businesses and consumers. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings, offering recommendations for retailers to successfully integrate AI into their operations, while addressing the ethical and social concerns that arise with its implementation. This research contributes valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on AI’s role in shaping the future of retail.
Optimizing Data Pipelines for Generative AI Workflows: Challenges and Best Practices
Authors: - Venkata Nagendra Kumar Kundavaram
Published: January 2025

The research studies optimizing data pipelines for generative AI workflows within the U.S. retail industry, focusing on challenges, impacts, and best practices. The study describes robust pipelines that can serve to further boost efficiency and scalability and ensure full compliance with such critical applications as inventory optimization, dynamic pricing tools, and personalized retail services. It underlines scalability challenges, latency, and regulatory requirements as strong determinants of modern cloud-based infrastructures. Furthermore, best practices such as distributed computing, real-time monitoring, and secure data handling are considered important in relation to the pipeline's reliability. Thematic analysis of secondary data provides actionable insights to advance innovation in retail by deploying generative AI for operational performance.
Waste to Energy Conversion and Predictive maintenance in Circular Economics Through AI
Authors: - Ragul Manoharan
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in advancing the circular economy through waste-to-energy (WtE) conversion and predictive maintenance. By leveraging AI, waste management processes can be optimized to enhance the efficiency of resource recovery, minimize environmental impact, and generate renewable energy. Predictive maintenance, driven by AI, ensures the smooth operation of industrial equipment, reducing downtime and extending machinery lifespan. This integration supports sustainable production and aligns with important circular economy principles, including biomimicry, lean manufacturing, and the Butterfly Model. The study underscores the potential of AI-driven technologies in fostering a resilient and sustainable future by addressing critical environmental challenges and promoting efficient resource utilization.
A Deep Learning Approach to Automated Drowsiness Detection in Drivers Using CNN Models for Enhanced Road Safety
Authors: - Dr. Harish S Gujjar
Published: January 2025

Traffic accidents are responsible for the majority of fatalities and injuries worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, around one million people die each year due to traffic-related injuries. Drivers who are sleep-deprived, fatigued, or not well-rested may fall asleep behind the wheel, putting both themselves and other road users at risk. Research indicates that drowsiness is a leading cause of major road accidents. In recent times, tired driving has emerged as the primary factor contributing to driver drowsiness, which in turn has led to an increase in road accidents. This has become a critical issue that needs urgent attention. The goal of many technologies is to improve real-time drowsiness detection. Numerous devices have been developed using various artificial intelligence algorithms to address this issue. My research focuses on detecting driver drowsiness by analyzing the driver’s face, tracking eye movement, and alerting the driver with an alarm when drowsiness is detected.

In this paper, I utilized various Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, including Small CNN, VGG16, VGG19, and Inception, to classify distracted drivers based on the State Farm Distracted Driver Detection challenge on Kaggle. The deep learning framework employed for this task is Keras, which runs on top of TensorFlow. The system compares the extracted eye images with a dataset to detect drowsiness. If the system identifies closed eyes within a certain range, it triggers an alarm to alert the driver. If the driver opens their eyes after the alert, the system resumes tracking. The system adjusts the score based on eye status: the score decreases when eyes are open and increases when eyes are closed. This paper aims to address drowsiness detection with an accuracy of 94%, contributing to the reduction of road accidents.
Evaluation Performance of the Asphalt Concrete with Crumb Rubber
Authors: - MohmedAlshkh A.M Hmade , - Masoud Ehmed Suliman Ehmed , - Mohammed Abraheem Mohammed Arasheedah
Published: January 2025

Many researchers have been researching alternative materials to be used as modifiers in asphalt mixtures to improve their properties. This study presents a study of laboratory evaluation of the performance of hot-mixed asphalt (HMA) using crumb rubber as an additive. It is noted that crumb rubber was identified to have potency as a modifier in HMA due to the elastic behavior exposed by the rubber particles, especially in reducing the rutting potential. This research used fine crumb rubber Shred (2.36-0.85 mm) obtained by an ambient-temperature grinding process from discarded truck tires to modify asphalt concrete. The fine crumb rubber with different contents, i.e. 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%, was incorporated into the mixture using the dry process method.
Control interno en el proceso de auditoría en empresas del sector servicios de Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Gonzales Pompa Danny Jonathan , Gonzales Gonzales David Alberto , Lavalle Gonzales Adolfo William
Published: January 2025

The research analyzed the relationship between internal control (IC) and auditing in service sector companies in Metropolitan Lima through a quantitative, correlational, and non-experimental study. Two checklists were applied, based on the COSO guide (IC) and the Technical Audit Guide (GU-SCPACU-02) of the Office of the Comptroller General of Peru, to a sample of 91 companies. The internal consistency of the instruments was evaluated using Cronbach's Alpha, with values of 0.815 (IC) and 0.709 (Auditing), both showing good reliability. The data, analyzed descriptively and using Spearman's Rho coefficient, revealed a compliance level of 55.2% in IC and 45.5% in auditing, both moderate, and a strong, positive, and significant relationship (Pearson's R = 0.844; p = 0.000). It is concluded that improving IC will positively impact auditing, enhancing its level in the companies.
RADIOCHEMICAL STUDY ON PHOTONUCLEAR REACTION MECHANISM AT INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES UPTO 1.2 GeV
Authors: Sakamoto Koh
Published: January 2025

An account is given on radiochemical investigations on photonuclear reactions on target nuclei ranging from 7 Li to 209Bi at intermediate energies up to 1.2 GeV, with use of bremsstrahlung beams of its maximum end-point energies of E0 = 30â€“1200 MeV with small steps of E0, by the author's group since 1980s. The investigation covers the yield measurements of spallation, fragmentation, fission of the preactinides, 197Au and 209Bi, and photopion reactions, systematically performed with respect to photon energy (E0 and/or k) target mass (At) and/or target composition (N/Z)t, product mass (A) and product composition (N/Z). The analyses of the thousands of yield data obtained with aids of intensive chemical processings have yielded valuable insights into the reaction mechanism, i.e. characteristics of âˆ†- resonance and strong effects of nuclear medium. In addition, a simple recoil experiment resulted valuable kinematic information regarding to the reaction steps. All of the results have updatedly used to test Monte Carlo calculations based on the photon-induced intranuclear cascade and evaporation analysis (PICA) code and its improved versions and the degrees of the validity of the codes have been demonstrated. New implications for the nuclear structure and reaction mechanism have been discussed by referring to the nuclear models on which the calculations are based.
TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM PHYSICS: FROM SPS TO LHC ENERGIES, COMPARISON TO THE DATA ON Ï€ -12 C -INTERACTIONS AT PÏ€ - = 40 GeV/c
Authors: Huseynaliyev Y. , Khan I.
Published: January 2025

The aim of the presented analysis is to review the transverse momentum physics in SPS CERN, RHIC BNL and LHC CERN energies and investigate inclusive hadron production in Ï€âˆ’12C interactions at PÏ€ - =40GeV/c. We focus on pT dependence of the nuclear modification factor (R) for proton and charged Ï€ meson production. We demonstrate that the results are in agreement with the SPS and RHIC ones.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CALOGLYPHUS BERLESE MITE (ACARI: ACARIDAE) INFESTING PULSES IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Sarwar M. , Ashfaq M.
Published: January 2025

Of the 13 mite species in genus Caloglyphus Berlese (family Acaridae) found in Pakistan, Caloglyphus arbelos was identified as a new species. The characters of apodeme 3 (ap3) which is reduced and broken medially enable the taxonomic separation of this new species from the other described taxa of genus Caloglyphus recorded from different geographical areas. A concise key on hypopus traits usable in taxonomy to discern this species from local and global specimens is made available. These studies on accurate diagnosis and identification of pest species are helpful in their successful management.
100 YEARS OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (1911-2011)
Authors: Akhtar M. J.
Published: January 2025

In 1911 superconductivity was discovered in mercury having transition temperature at 4.2 K, during last 100 years transition temperature has been increased to 153 K. In this manuscript the major developments in experimental and theoretical fields have been reviewed. A summary of various applications of superconducting materials is also given and future prospects of superconductivity are discussed.
PERSISTENCY ANALYSIS OF CYCLONE HISTORY IN ARABIAN SEA
Authors: Hussain M. A. , Abbas S. , K. Ansari M. R.
Published: January 2025

As we know that tropical cyclones (or hurricanes) act as giant heat engines, so it is logical to assume that an increase in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) will create more intense hurricanes. Indeed, there is a general consensus among hurricane scientists that an increase in SSTs due to global warming, should, in theory, lead to more intense hurricanes. This paper discusses the tropical cyclones history in Arabian Sea with respect to trend, underlying distribution of occurrence of tropical cyclones in 120 years (1891-2010), and its persistency / antiâˆ’persistency with the help of Hurst exponent calculations. We test for presence of any positive trend in cyclones frequency in the Arabian Sea by analyzing the cyclone data of 120 years. It has been shown that there exists a statistically significant positive trend in Arabian Sea cyclone frequency data. The underlying distribution of occurrence of tropical cyclones history came out to be lognormal, suggesting an increasing multiplicative complex physical process, which strengthens the finding of positive trend in cyclone frequency data. Hurst exponent of Arabian Sea annual cyclone frequency for 120 years came out to be 0.98, which shows a persistency in future cyclone frequency and bolsters the results of trend and distribution function of cyclone frequency history. Moreover, cyclone trend values of 120 years data for the months of May, June, October, and November are also significant. Finally, sea surface temperatures for these months also reveal persistency as the values of Hurst exponent are greater than 0.5 and seems to be proportional to the cyclone frequency slope (of fitted trends) values for the same months.
DETERMINATION OF GAMMA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES IN DUHOK CITY, IRAQ
Authors: S. Abdullah K. M. , Ramadhan R. A.
Published: January 2025

The present study assesses for the first time, the level of background radiation and the environmental radioactivity concentration in Duhok city using both gamma spectroscopy and dosimetry. The objective is to establish a baseline radiation level of the region. The city is located in the northwest in Kurdistan region of Iraq. Using gamma scout radiation meter (dosimetry), the average outdoor dose rate found in the field is 0.16 ÂµSvh-1. Using shielded well type NaI (TI) detector for 30000 sec, the calculated absorbed dose rate in air from terrestrial radiation and 137Cs ranges 21.09-72.14 nGyh-1 with an average of 44.05Â±1.34 nGyh-1 which is below the world average value. The corresponding average annual effective dose rate is 0.054Â±0.002 mSvy-1. The mean deposition activity concentration of 137Cs is 9.17Â±0.47 Bqkg-1 and 17.25 Bqkg-1 for the non-intervened locations. Taking the non-intervened value, the expected contamination of the 137Cs fallout from the Chernobyl accident in 1986 is 30.2 Bqkg-1. Regarding the depleted uranium (DU) it is found that there is no significant DU trace at 20 sampling locations. Compared with other measurements in different countries we can conclude that the environment of the city is clean and suitable for living.
SCREENING OF DIFFERENT BT COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) GENOTYPES AGAINST SUCKING AND BOLLWORM COMPLEXES
Authors: Khan M. H. , Ahmad N. , Tofique M.
Published: January 2025

Host plant resistance can play an important role in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) against insect pests. Relative infestation on five Bt transgenic cotton varieties/genotypes (IR-443, IR-FH-901, IR-448, IR-1524 and IR-1513) was investigated against sucking complex (jassids, thrips and whiteflies) and bollworms [pink (Pectinophora gossypiella) and spotted (Earias spp.) bollworms] during 2 consecutive years (2009 and 2010). Results reflected that IR-443 proved to be the most successful genotype rendering lowest infestation of jassids, thrips and whiteflies in both years as compared to other Bt cotton genotypes followed by IR-FH-901. Percent infestation by pink and spotted bollworms remained below Economic Threshold Level (ETL) and differed non significantly in all transgenic cotton genotypes. Highest yield was recorded from IR-443 which was significantly higher than IR-1513 and statistically at par with other three Bt cotton. Overall performance of IR-443 was found excellent followed by IR-FH-901. Thus, the latter two Bt transgenic cotton varieties/genotypes should be considered as an important tool to help in managing certain pest populations in an economically viable and environmentally safe manner.
EFFECT OF FREQUENCY AND RESISTANCE BY TEMPERATURE VARIATION ON LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS DISC
Authors: Pasha R. A. , Raja G.
Published: January 2025

Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) piezoelectric ceramics disc has been analyzed for its output peak- to-peak voltage between a temperature range at variable frequencies and resistances. The temperature range selected was between 70ÂºC-160ÂºC. The aim was to determine the real time output peak-to-peak voltage across the thin PZT disc for its reliability analysis at the aforesaid stated conditions. Temperature sensitivity with respect to resistance and frequency was observed. The results indicate that the drop in peak-to-peak voltage was higher at high values of frequencies and resistances. The real time monitoring of PZT disc between 70o C-160o C temperature ranges did not show significant variation in voltage at particular resistance. Insensitivity at this particular temperature range makes these PZT disc reliable for the designing of micro-electromechanical systems within said operating conditions.
EXPLORATION, ANALYSIS AND EXPLANATION OF â€˜EMPLOYEE SATISFACTIONâ€™ AS AN ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT AND GENERAL IMPROVEMENT TOOL FOR THE IT SECTOR OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Ahsan A. , Kiani H. S. , Khurshid O.
Published: January 2025

Pakistanâ€™s IT industry is currently one of the top performers as compared to other industrial sectors within Pakistan. As per the findings of Ahsan (2008), despite the fact that Pakistanâ€™s IT industry is competitive (with respect to other industries within Pakistan!), its true potential is yet to be unfolded. Ahsan (2008); states that Pakistanâ€™s so called competitive IT industry has to be in lined with the international performers (Particularly South Asian economies!). A simple proof of this statement can be obtained from the fact that Pakistanâ€™s general economy is 1/5th of Indian economy. This must be true for IT sector of both the economies, which, unfortunately is not the case because Pakistanâ€™s IT sector is currently 1/27th of the Indian IT Sector. Ahsan (2008) believes that partial reason of this unwanted difference may be revenue models, business practices and political situations of the two countries. Other than these reasons Ahsan (2008) believes that several soft issues are also responsible for this industrial difference. Out of these soft issues â€˜motivationâ€™ is one such important factor. The role of motivation as an imperative soft issue for revitalizing workforce can also be reproduced for the discussion concerning the role of â€˜basic employee satisfactionâ€™ as an organizationâ€™s productivity and quality enhancement tool. Employees, being an integral asset of the organizations, impact organizations in accomplishment of their objectives. The impact of employee satisfaction in software industry of Pakistan is relatively less known but plays significant role. This paper analyzes the major causes of employee satisfaction and the impact of employee satisfaction on quality and productivity dimensions (particularly) in the IT organizations in Pakistan. This research presents analysis of â€˜Employee Satisfactionâ€™ for IT sector of Pakistan. The study not only explores but also presents detailed explanation and analysis of the subject area for the IT industry of Pakistan by using necessary qualitative and quantitative research methods. The paper also explains all the important issues (As identified in PhD Thesis of Ahsan) arising due to underprivileged employee satisfaction. As a result of detailed analysis performed, the paper finally identifies important recommendations for improving employee satisfaction. The study analyzes the major causes of employee satisfaction / dissatisfaction and the impact of employee satisfaction on various organizational parameters (for instance quality, productivity etc).
MEASUREMENT OF THE MATURITY OF THE SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS CHANGE MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Authors: Bhatti M. W. , Manarvi I. A.
Published: January 2025

In this paper, an extensive analysis is performed to develop a research instrument to measure the maturity of the software requirements change management process. The items of the research instrument are extracted from the existing literature of the software requirements change management process. A pilot study was conducted on small sample size (46 responses) for basic analysis of the data. After pilot study, a comprehensive analysis is performed on the large sample (162 responses) of data. In detailed analysis, the reliability analysis of the instrument is performed by computing the value of the cronbachâ€™s alpha. The content validity of the instrument is performed by a comprehensive review of the existing literature, by discussion of the items with the domain experts, by conducting a pilot study and by taking feedback from the professionals of the industry. The construct validity of the instrument is analyzed by the correlation matrix of the items, the value of the determinant, KMO and Bartlett's Test, total variance through eigenvalues, scree plot and component matrix. The criterion validity analysis of the instrument is computed by measuring the correlation, adjusted R-square and F-value with the â€œorganizational performanceâ€. The results of the analysis show that the selected items form a reliable and valid instrument for the measurement of the maturity of the software requirements change management process.
A MULTIAGENT SYSTEM BASED AUTOMATED PROFILING MODEL TO AVOID INSIDER THREAT
Authors: Ali G. , Shaikh N. A. , Shaikh A. W. , Shaikh Z. A.
Published: January 2025

The proposed model builds and maintains the profile of all insiders to detect and avoid threat. Software agents are autonomously working to record all activities of the authenticated users. The profile is compared with the policy of the organization and insiderâ€™s profile is marked acceptable or suspicious. This will lead to a proper mechanism to protect organizations assets against threat. The model is generic, adaptable and works in most of the organizations. It follows the renowned agent standard of Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA) as agents built on other platforms can interact with the agents developed on the proposed model. The profiling models exist but agents based autonomous models have never been implemented and tested before. The testing and execution environment for Multiagent systems has been developed by ourselves and its compatibility with other agent models have also been checked.
MEASUREMENT OF RADIONUCLIDES IN THE VICINITY OF CHASHMA NUCLEAR POWER PLANT (CNPP-1), PAKISTAN INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (PINSTECH) AND OIL/GAS EXPLORATION SITES
Authors: Iqbal Huma , Hafeez N. , Abbas Z. , Munir M. , Rehman M. S. , Mannan A.
Published: January 2025

The radioactivity levels were investigated in the vicinity of Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP-I), PINSTECH and two oil/gas exploration sites in Chakwal by collecting and analyzing soil samples. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the collected samples were made using Gamma Spectrometry System with the help of software win-TMCA. Radionuclides such as 232Th, 226Ra, 40K and 137Cs were found in the soil samples of CNPP-1, PINSTECH and oil/gas exploration sites. The values of mean activity concentrations of 232Th, 226Ra, 40K and 137Cs in soil samples of CNPP-I are found to be 45, 43, 547 and 2 BqKg-1 respectively; for PINSTECH these values are 37, 45, 430 and 3.5 Bqkg-1 respectively; for oil/gas site-I are 28, 29 and 468 BqKg-1 respectively (137Cs not detected at site I) and for site-II these levels are 26, 28, 441 and 1.8 BqKg-1 respectively. The activity concentration of 232Th, 226Ra and 40K in soil samples of all facilities are less than the world average value. 137Cs is much lower than several places reported around the world. Mean radium equivalent (Raeq) values are 149 BqKg-1 for CNPP-1 samples, 131 Bqkg-1 for PINSTECH, 108 Bqkg-1 for site-I and 103 Bqkg-1 for site-II. The measured radiological impact assessment factor (Raeq) is also lower than the value of 370 Bqkg-1 recommended by UNSCEAR.
STABLE ISOTOPIC TECHNIQUES TO ADDRESS MARINE POLLUTION: KARACHI COAST AS A CASE STUDY
Authors: Mashiatullah A. , Javed T. , Chaudhary M. Z. , Fazil M. , Khan M. S. , Ahmad N. , Qureshi R. M.
Published: January 2025

Seawater of the coastal regions near heavily industrialized and thickly populated urbanized centers normally receive large quantities of domestic, agricultural and industrial sewage. Ocean systems generally appear to be unlimited in their ability to dilute these human discharges and industrial wastes. This limit is now being exceeded in coastal waters in the vicinity of many large industrial and heavy populated coastal zones, causing threat to marine coastal resources of these areas. Considering the increasing threats of the unplanned inventory of untreated wastes into the marine coastal environment, the strength of isotope tools (Î´13C) is used to understand the complex ecological systems in the marine coastal environment. This technique has been applied to study transport, behavior and fate of organic pollutants in marine coastal ecosystems of Karachi coast mainly as model studies. Carbon flow in heavily contaminated harbour channel (Manora Channel) , southeast and northwest coast have been investigated. The results indicate that shallow marine coastal waters tend to be depleted in Î´ 13C (TDIC) where polluted rivers through the coastal dwellings enter and get mixed with the seawater. Gradual increase in Î´ 13C (TDIC) are observed as the distance from pollution source is increased. Extremely depleted Î´ 13Corg was observed in sediment of Layari river outfall zone and Karachi fish harbor indicating input of domestic sewage through Layari river. Studies have proved that stable carbon isotope ratios of total dissolved inorganic carbon (TDIC) can be used as an effective tracer of sewage discharge and their transport in shallow marine environment.
IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENT STRUCTURES FORMED DURING CROSSLINKING OF POLYETHYLENE WITH VINYL TRIETHOXYSILANE FTIR, Si 29 NMR AND XPS STUDY
Authors: Fuzail M. , Shah G. B. , Ahmed I.
Published: January 2025

To bring about improvement in service temperature, mechanical and thermal properties of low density polyethylene, it was crosslinked with vinyltriethoxysilane in the presence of benzoyl peroxide. Identification of different structures which were formed as a result of crosslinking, was carried out by ATR/FTIR, Si 29 NMR and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In this article, the effect of silane and peroxide concentrations on the types of different structures or grafts formed during crosslinking has been discussed. FTIR spectra show that Si-O-Si asymmetric stretching and Si-C stretching was observed in the general range 1000-1130 and 735-800 cm-1 respectively. Theoretical and experimental band assignments for Si 29 NMR spectra exhibit the presence of various fragments based on T0 , T1 , T2 and T3 structures. It has been found that for the maximum silane concentration, predominate form of crosslink is T3 i.e trioxygented silane with three silane bridges. XPS analysis further confirms the presence of variety of C, O and Si bonding in the silane crosslinked polyethylene which exhibit varied elemental ratios.
SUCCESSFUL INSTALLATION OF ARC MELTER AT PINSTECH FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF BULK AMORPHOUS MATERIALS
Authors: Iqbal M. , Ahmad B.
Published: January 2025

In this paper the results on production of [Zr0.65Cu0.18Ni0.09Al0.08]98Nb2 bulk amorphous alloy synthesized by the Arc Melter WK-II are presented. The machine is installed at MSG-PD-PINSTECH for the synthesis of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). Actually this machine is the combination of arc and induction melting furnaces with Cu mold casting facility. With the installation of this machine, it is possible to produce various types of materials locally such as bulk amorphous materials and polycrystalline materials. Both rods and sheets can be produced. The specifications of machine and procedures of materials synthesis are described. Thermal properties, crystallization behaviour and activation energy of [Zr0.65Cu0.18Ni0.09Al0.08]98Nb2 BMG have been reported. Characterization of materials was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The alloy shows wide supercooled liquid region of more than 120 K. DSC results show double stage crystallization. The activation energy for first and second stage crystallization was calculated to be 198.6 and 156.7 kJ/mol. The NiZr2 (metastable phase) and CuZr2 (stable phase) were found in the annealed samples. XRD, DSC and EDS results are in good agreement.
DEVELOPMENT OF INDIGENOUS LABORATORY SCALE GAS ATOMIZER FOR PRODUCING METAL POWDERS
Authors: Khan K. K. , Qasim A. M. , Ahmed P.
Published: January 2025

Gas atomization is one of the methods for production of clean metal powders at relatively moderate cost. A laboratory scale gas atomizer was designed and fabricated indigenously to produce metal powders with a batch capacity of 500g of copper (Cu). The design includes several features regarding fabrication and operation to provide optimum conditions for atomization. The inner diameter of atomizing chamber is 440 mm and its height is 1200 mm. The atomizing nozzle is of annular confined convergent type with an angle of 25o . Argon gas at desired pressure has been used for atomizing the metals to produce relatively clean powders. A provision has also been made to view the atomization process. The indigenous laboratory scale gas atomizer was used to produce tin (Sn) and copper (Cu) powders with different atomizing gas pressures ranging from 2 to 10 bar. The particle size of different powders produced ranges from 40 to 400 Âµm.
EFFECT OF SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHENOMENA ON SOLAR CELLâ€™S EFFICIENCY
Authors: Raza K. B. , M. Raza S. M. , Ansari W. A.
Published: January 2025

It is assumed that the solar cell efficiency of PV device is closely related to the solar irradiance, consider the solar parameter Global Solar Irradiance (G) and the meteorological parameters like daily data of Earth Skin Temperature (E), Average Temperature (T), Relative Humidity (H) and Dew Frost Point (D), for the coastal city Karachi and a non-coastal city Jacobabad, K and J is used as a subscripts for parameters of Karachi and Jacobabad respectively. All variables used here are dependent on the location (latitude and longitude) of our stations except G. To employ ARIMA modeling, the first eighteen years data is used for modeling and forecast is done for the last five years data. In most cases results show good correlation among monthly actual and monthly forecasted values of all the predictors. Next, multiple linear regression is employed to the data obtained by ARIMA modeling and models for mean monthly observed G values are constructed. For each station, two equations are constructed, the R2 values are above 93% for each model, showing adequacy of the fit. Our computations show that solar cell efficiency can be increased if better modeling for meteorological predictors governs the process.