bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fisheries: A Missing Link in Greenhouse Gas Emission Policies in South Korea
Authors: Kim Kyumin , Kim Do-Hoon , Kim Yeonghye
Published: May 2021

Recent studies demonstrate that fisheries are massive contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The average Korean fishing vessel is old, fuel-inefficient, and creates a large volume of emissions. Yet, there is little research on how to address the GHG emissions in Korean fisheries. This study estimated the change in GHG emissions and emission costs at different levels of fishing operations using a steady-state bioeconomic model based on the case of the Anchovy Tow Net Fishery (ATNF) and the Large Purse Seine Fishery (LPSF). We conclude that reducing the fishing efforts of the ATNF and LPSF by 37% and 8% respectively would not only eliminate negative externalities on the anchovy and mackerel stock respectively, but also mitigate emissions and emission costs in the fishing industry. To limit emissions, we propose that the Korean government reduce fishing efforts through a vessel-buyback program and set an annual catch limit. Alternatively, the government should provide loans for modernizing old fishing vessels or a subsidy for installing emission abatement equipment to reduce the excessive emissions from Korean fisheries.
Towards a Revolutionized Agricultural Extension System for the Sustainability of Smallholder Livestock Production in Developing Countries: The Potential Role of ICTs
Authors: Mapiye Obvious , Makombe Godswill , Molotsi Annelin , Dzama Kennedy , Mapiye Cletos
Published: May 2021

The creation of commercialization opportunities for smallholder farmers has taken primacy on the development agenda of many developing countries. Invariably, most of the smallholders are less productive than commercial farmers and continue to lag in commercialization. Apart from the various multifaceted challenges which smallholder farmers face, limited access to extension services stands as the underlying constraint to their sustainability. Across Africa and Asia, public extension is envisioned as a fundamental part of the process of transforming smallholder farmers because it is their major source of agricultural information. Extension continues to be deployed using different approaches which are evolving. For many decades, various authors have reported the importance of the approaches that effectively revitalize extension systems and have attempted to fit them into various typologies. However, there is a widespread concern over the inefficiency of these extension approaches in driving the sustainability of smallholder farming agenda. Further, most of the approaches that attempted to revolutionize extension have been developed and brought into the field in rapid succession, but with little or no impact at the farmer level. This paper explores the theory and application of agricultural extension approaches and argues the potential of transforming them using digital technologies. The adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) such as mobile phones and the internet which are envisaged to revolutionize existing extension systems and contribute towards the sustainability of smallholder farming systems is recommended.
Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Using Median Edge Detector and Two’s Complement
Authors: Wang Rui , Wu Guohua , Wang Qiuhua , Yuan Lifeng , Zhang Zhen , Miao Gongxun
Published: May 2021

With the rapid development of cloud storage, an increasing number of users store their images in the cloud. These images contain many business secrets or personal information, such as engineering design drawings and commercial contracts. Thus, users encrypt images before they are uploaded. However, cloud servers have to hide secret data in encrypted images to enable the retrieval and verification of massive encrypted images. To ensure that both the secret data and the original images can be extracted and recovered losslessly, researchers have proposed a method that is known as reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI). In this paper, a new RDHEI method using median edge detector (MED) and two’s complement is proposed. The MED prediction method is used to generate the predicted values of the original pixels and calculate the prediction errors. The adaptive-length two’s complement is used to encode the most prediction errors. To reserve room, the two’s complement is labeled in the pixels. To record the unlabeled pixels, a label map is generated and embedded into the image. After the image has been encrypted, it can be embedded with the data. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can reach an average embedding rate of 2.58 bpp, 3.04 bpp, and 2.94 bpp on the three datasets, i.e., UCID, BOSSbase, BOWS-2, which outperforms the previous work.
The Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Radiation Sources with a Model Configuration of the Electrode System
Authors: Kuzenov Victor V. , Ryzhkov Sergei V.
Published: May 2021

This research is devoted to the calculation and theoretical analysis of physical processes in the powerful electric discharge sources of UV radiation and shock waves with required and controlled technical and physical characteristics. Based on the calculations, the processes of converting the initially stored electromagnetic energy into internal, kinetic, magnetic and radiation energy formed in the electro-discharge plasma sources of plasma formation were studied, and the interactions of discharged plasma and its radiation with matter in different aggregate states were also studied. All the main magneto-plasma dynamic and radiative parameters of plasma formation in the electric discharge sources of UV radiation and shock waves are obtained.
The Resistance Responses of Potato Plants to Potato Virus Y Are Associated with an Increased Cellular Methionine Content and an Altered SAM:SAH Methylation Index
Authors: Spechenkova Nadezhda , Fesenko Igor A. , Mamaeva Anna , Suprunova Tatyana P. , Kalinina Natalia O. , Love Andrew J. , Taliansky Michael
Published: May 2021

Plant-virus interactions are frequently influenced by elevated temperature, which often increases susceptibility to a virus, a scenario described for potato cultivar Chicago infected with potato virus Y (PVY). In contrast, other potato cultivars such as Gala may have similar resistances to PVY at both normal (22 °C) and high (28 °C) temperatures. To elucidate the mechanisms of temperature-independent antivirus resistance in potato, we analysed responses of Gala plants to PVY at different temperatures using proteomic, transcriptional and metabolic approaches. Here we show that in Gala, PVY infection generally upregulates the accumulation of major enzymes associated with the methionine cycle (MTC) independently of temperature, but that temperature (22 °C or 28 °C) may finely regulate what classes accumulate. The different sets of MTC-related enzymes that are up-regulated at 22 °C or 28 °C likely account for the significantly increased accumulation of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), a key component of MTC which acts as a universal methyl donor in methylation reactions. In contrast to this, we found that in cultivar Chicago, SAM levels were significantly reduced which correlated with the enhanced susceptibility to PVY at high temperature. Collectively, these data suggest that MTC and its major transmethylation function determines resistance or susceptibility to PVY.
Molecular Insights into the Flavivirus Replication Complex
Authors: van den Elsen Kaïn , Quek Jun Ping , Luo Dahai
Published: May 2021

Flaviviruses are vector-borne RNA viruses, many of which are clinically relevant human viral pathogens, such as dengue, Zika, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and yellow fever viruses. Millions of people are infected with these viruses around the world each year. Vaccines are only available for some members of this large virus family, and there are no effective antiviral drugs to treat flavivirus infections. The unmet need for vaccines and therapies against these flaviviral infections drives research towards a better understanding of the epidemiology, biology and immunology of flaviviruses. In this review, we discuss the basic biology of the flavivirus replication process and focus on the molecular aspects of viral genome replication. Within the virus-induced intracellular membranous compartments, flaviviral RNA genome replication takes place, starting from viral poly protein expression and processing to the assembly of the virus RNA replication complex, followed by the delivery of the progeny viral RNA to the viral particle assembly sites. We attempt to update the latest understanding of the key molecular events during this process and highlight knowledge gaps for future studies.
Remdesivir for Early COVID-19 Treatment of High-Risk Individuals Prior to or at Early Disease Onset—Lessons Learned
Authors: Dölken Lars , Stich August , Spinner Christoph D.
Published: May 2021

After more than one year of the COVID-19 pandemic, antiviral treatment options against SARS-CoV-2 are still severely limited. High hopes that had initially been placed on antiviral drugs like remdesivir have so far not been fulfilled. While individual case reports provide striking evidence for the clinical efficacy of remdesivir in the right clinical settings, major trials failed to demonstrate this. Here, we highlight and discuss the key findings of these studies and underlying reasons for their failure. We elaborate on how such shortcomings should be prevented in future clinical trials and pandemics. We suggest in conclusion that any novel antiviral agent that enters human trials should first be tested in a post-exposure setting to provide rapid and solid evidence for its clinical efficacy before initiating further time-consuming and costly clinical trials for more advanced disease. In the COVID-19 pandemic this might have established remdesivir early on as an efficient antiviral agent at a more suitable disease stage which would have saved many lives, in particular in large outbreaks within residential care homes.
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability and Adherence to Preventive Measures in Somalia: Results of an Online Survey
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed A. M. , Colebunders Robert , Gele Abdi A. , Farah Abdiqani A. , Osman Shariff , Guled Ibraahim Abdullahi , Abdullahi Aweis Ahmed Moalim , Hussein Ahmed Mohamud , Ali Abdiaziz Mohamed , Siewe Fodjo Joseph Nelson
Published: May 2021

Most countries are currently gravitating towards vaccination as mainstay strategy to quell COVID-19 transmission. Between December 2020 and January 2021, we conducted a follow-up online survey in Somalia to monitor adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures, and COVID-19 vaccine acceptability and reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Adherence was measured via a composite adherence score based on four measures (physical distancing, face mask use, hand hygiene, and mouth covering when coughing/sneezing). We analyzed 4543 responses (mean age: 23.5 ± 6.4 years, 62.4% males). The mean adherence score during this survey was lower than the score during a similar survey in April 2020. A total of 76.8% of respondents were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Flu-like symptoms were more frequently reported in the current survey compared to previous surveys. Multiple logistic regression showed that participants who experienced flu-like symptoms, those in the healthcare sector, and those with higher adherence scores had higher odds for vaccine acceptability while being a female reduced the willingness to be vaccinated. In conclusion, our data suggest that the decreasing adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures may have caused increased flu-like symptoms over time. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Somalia is relatively high but could be improved by addressing factors that contribute to vaccine hesitancy.
Physicochemical Characterization Cascade of Nanoadjuvant–Antigen Systems for Improving Vaccines
Authors: Guerrini Giuditta , Vivi Antonio , Gioria Sabrina , Ponti Jessica , Magrì Davide , Hoeveler Arnd , Medaglini Donata , Calzolai Luigi
Published: May 2021

Adjuvants have been used for decades to enhance the immune response to vaccines, in particular for the subunit-based adjuvants. Physicochemical properties of the adjuvant-protein antigen complexes, such as size, morphology, protein structure and binding, influence the overall efficacy and safety of the vaccine. Here we show how to perform an accurate physicochemical characterization of the nanoaluminum–ovalbumin complex. Using a combination of existing techniques, we developed a multi-staged characterization strategy based on measurements of increased complexity. This characterization cascade has the advantage of being very flexible and easily adaptable to any adjuvant-protein antigen combinations. It will contribute to control the quality of antigen–adjuvant complexes and immunological outcomes, ultimately leading to improved vaccines.
Development and Validation of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Group B Streptococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
Authors: Jang A-Yeung , Choi Min-Joo , Zhi Yong , Ji Hyun-Jung , Noh Ji-Yun , Yoon Jin-Gu , Cheong Hee-Jin , Kim Woo-Joo , Seo Ho-Seong , Song Joon-Young
Published: May 2021

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in infants. Limitations of prenatal GBS screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis render developing GBS vaccines a high priority. In this study, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the practical and large-scale evaluation of GBS capsular polysaccharide (PS) vaccine immunogenicity against three main serotypes, Ia, III, and V. GBS-ELISA was developed and subsequently validated using a standardized curve-fitting four-parameter logistic method. Specificity was measured using adsorption of serum with homologous and heterologous PS. Homologous adsorption showed a ≥75% inhibition of all three serotypes, whereas with heterologous PS, IgG GBS-ELISA inhibited only ≤25% of serotypes III and V. However, with serotype Ia, IgG antibody levels decreased by >50%, even after adsorption with heterologous PS (III or V). In comparison, the inhibition opsonophagocytic killing assay (OPA) of serotypes Ia GBS exhibited a reduction in opsonophagocytic activity of only 20% and 1.1% for serotypes III and V GBS, respectively. The precision of the GBS-ELISA was assessed in five independent experiments using four serum samples. The coefficient of variation was <5% for all three serotypes. This standardized GBS-ELISA would be useful for GBS vaccine development and its evaluation.
Maximization of Open Hospital Capacity under Shortage of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines—An Open Access, Stochastic Simulation Tool
Authors: Bosbach Wolfram A. , Heinrich Martin , Kolisch Rainer , Heiss Christian
Published: May 2021

Motive. The Covid-19 pandemic has led to the novel situation that hospitals must prioritize staff for a vaccine rollout while there is acute shortage of the vaccine. In spite of the availability of guidelines from state agencies, there is partial confusion about what an optimal rollout plan is. This study investigates effects in a hospital model under different rollout schemes. Methods. A simulation model is implemented in VBA, and is studied for parameter variation in a predefined hospital setting. The implemented code is available as open access supplement. Main results. A rollout scheme assigning vaccine doses to staff primarily by staff’s pathogen exposure maximizes the predicted open hospital capacity when compared to a rollout based on a purely hierarchical prioritization. The effect increases under resource scarcity and greater disease activity. Nursing staff benefits most from an exposure focused rollout. Conclusions. The model employs SARS-CoV-2 parameters; nonetheless, effects observable in the model are transferable to other infectious diseases. Necessary future prioritization plans need to consider pathogen characteristics and social factors.
Molecular Detection of Toxigenic Clostridioides difficile among Diarrheic Dogs and Cats: A Mounting Public Health Concern
Authors: Samir Ahmed , Abdel-Moein Khaled A. , Zaher Hala M.
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, pet animals are known to be asymptomatic carriers of Clostridioidesdifficile. This study was conducted to investigate the burden of toxigenic C. difficile among diarrheic dogs and cats using direct PCR on fecal samples to reveal better insights about the epidemiology of such toxigenic strains referring to its public health significance. For this purpose, fecal samples were obtained from 58 dogs and 42 cats experiencing diarrhea. Following DNA extraction, the extracted DNA was examined for the occurrence of C. difficile as well as toxigenic strains through the detection of C. difficile 16S rRNA and toxin encoding genes (tcdA, tcdB, cdtA and cdtB) using PCR. Moreover, partial DNA sequencing of toxigenic strains retrieved from dog and cat was carried out. Of 100 examined diarrheic animals, 90 (90%) were C. difficile positive, including 93.1% and 85.7% of dogs and cats, respectively. In addition, toxigenic strains were detected in 13 animals, giving an overall prevalence 13% with the following prevalence rates among dogs and cats 12.1% and 14.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequence revealed high genetic relatedness of tcdA sequence obtained from a cat to strains of human diarrheic cases to point out the public health threat of such sequence. In conclusion, the direct detection of toxigenic C. difficile using PCR among dogs and cats highlights the potential role of household pets as a source for such strains to human contacts.
Are There Benefits from Thermal Bacteria for Health? The Hydrogenome Role
Authors: Pascoal-Ferreira Patrick , Glez-Peña Daniel , Miranda Carla , Poeta Patrícia , Coutinho João , Fdez-Riverola Florentino , Torrado-Agrasar Ana , Rúa María Luisa , Igrejas Gilberto
Published: May 2021

In recent years, natural thermal mineral waters have been gaining the special attention of the scientific community, namely in the prevention and treatment of some diseases, due to the microbial properties that exist in these habitats. The aim of this work was to characterize the physicochemical composition and the microbial taxonomic communities present in three thermal waters of the Galician region in Spain and two samples of the northern region in Portugal. These collected water samples were analyzed for physicochemical characterization and the respective hydrogenome of the waters using next generation sequencing together with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The sequencing showed a high diversity of microorganisms in all analyzed waters; however, there is a clear bacterial predominance of Proteobacteria phylum, followed by Firmicutes, Deinococcus-Thermus, Aquificae and Nitrospira. The main physicochemical parameters responsible for the clustering within the Spanish waters were sulfur compounds (SO32− and S2−), CO32− and neutral pH, and in the Portuguese waters were Mg, Ca and Sr, nitrogen compounds (NO3− and NH4+), Na, Rb, conductivity and dry residue. This work will allow for a better understanding of the microbial community’s composition and how these microorganisms interfere in the physicochemical constitution of these waters often associated with medicinal properties. Furthermore, the hydrogenome may be used as an auxiliary tool in the practice of medical hydrology, increasing the likelihood of safe use of these unique water types.
Study on the Horizontal Distribution Law of Flood Water and Sediment Factors under the Effect of Vegetation on a Curved Beach
Authors: Zhang Mingwu , Li Pan , Li Xiaoping , Wang Aoxue , Wang Zhenhai , Jian Shengqi
Published: May 2021

The sediment-laden floodplain flood is affected by beach vegetation and the shape of curved compound channels. The laws of water and sediment exchange and deposition distribution in beach troughs are very complex and play a significant role in the formation and development of secondary suspended rivers, the adjustment of beach horizontal gradients, and even the evolution of flood control situations. This study used a combination of experimental simulations and theoretical research to carry out a generalized model test of floodplain flood evolution, analyzing the transverse distribution characteristics of sediment-laden flow and sediment factors in a curved compound channel under the conditions of beach vegetation, proposing a theoretical model of transverse distribution of velocity and sediment concentration that is based on the momentum equation considering the inertial force of the lateral secondary flow and river curvature. The results showed the following: (1) The model test results for floodplain flood in the compound channel with curved vegetation showed that the main stream was not only concentrated in the main channel but also appeared near the foot of the left and right bank levees and formed flood discharge along the embankment, as the beach siltation was mainly concentrated in the beach lip; (2) The arrangement of full vegetation on the beach had a uniform effect on the velocity distribution of the beach, which can reduce the phenomenon of excessive velocity at the foot of the beach and increase the velocity effect in the main channel; and (3) Through five numerical examples, the lateral velocity distribution model of a curved compound channel with beach vegetation was tested and, in general, the analysis model was consistent with the experimental results. The research results will provide a theoretical basis for river management and have great significance for enriching the basic theory of water and sediment movement and promoting the integration of hydraulics, river dynamics, and ecology.
Zooplankton Community Dynamics in Temporary Mediterranean Wetlands: Which Drivers Are Controlling the Seasonal Species Replacement?
Authors: Gilbert Juan Diego , de Vicente Inmaculada , Ortega Fernando , Guerrero Francisco
Published: May 2021

Temporary Mediterranean wetlands are characterized by both intra and interannual variations in their environmental conditions. These inherent fluctuations in limnological features affect the seasonal variation in the structure and dynamics of the aquatic communities. In this study, we hypothesized that zooplankton community is coupled to seasonal changes of the environmental variables along the hydroperiod. To get this purpose, the study was focused in monitoring, by collecting monthly samples during an annual period, seven temporary Mediterranean ponds located in the south-eastern region of the Iberian Peninsula (Alto Guadalquivir region, Andalusia). The relationships between zooplankton community and the different limnological variables were analyzed based on two approaches: a Spearman correlation analysis and a correspondence canonical analysis (CCA). The results have shown that chlorophyll-a concentration, Secchi depth, total nitrogen concentration, wetland area and depth were the variables with a greater influence on the zooplankton community, explaining the zooplankton species replacement. Moreover, optima and tolerance of the zooplankton species were obtained from the position of species within CCA diagram, allowing the separation of different groups of zooplankton along the hydroperiod. We finally highlight that the monitoring of zooplankton community and environmental conditions are necessary to evaluate how theses singular and endangered aquatic ecosystems will be affected by anthropogenic activities in the future.
Preparation of Activated Carbon from the Wood of Paulownia tomentosa as an Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Acid Red 4 and Methylene Blue Present in Wastewater
Authors: Alam Sultan , Khan Muhammad Sufaid , Bibi Wahida , Zekker Ivar , Burlakovs Juris , Ghangrekar Makarand M. , Bhowmick Gourav Dhar , Kallistova Anna , Pimenov Nikolai , Zahoor Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Paulownia tomentosa, a woody plant that is widely found in Pakistan and in other regions of the world, was used as a raw material to prepare activated carbon using chemical and physical activation methods. Adsorption of the dyes- acid red 4 and methylene blue onto the prepared activated carbon were analyzed by batch experiments. The impacts of different adsorption parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage were also evaluated. Equilibrium data were fitted into various isotherm models such as: Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich. High regression values were achieved with Langmuir isotherm model. Different kinetic adsorption models such as pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion model models were applied. The adsorption kinetics was found to be best-fitted into pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The optimum pH for acid red 4 was around 1 while for methylene blue it was 8. The optimum adsorbent dosage was 0.3 g for both dyes used. The activation energy (Ea) values were 30.57 and 3.712 kJ/mol, respectively for acid red 4 and methylene blue while the enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) values were correspondingly as 24.88/1.1927 kJ/mol and −2843.32/−0.329 J·mol/K for the mentioned dyes. The experimental result showed that the prepared activated carbon was the best in the removal of acid red 4 and methylene blue from aqueous media and therefore, could be preferably used as cheap adsorbent in wastewater treatment.
Derivation of S-Curve from Oscillatory Hydrograph Using Digital Filter
Authors: Seong Kee-Won , Sung Jang Hyun
Published: May 2021

An oscillatory S-curve causes unexpected fluctuations in a unit hydrograph (UH) of desired duration or an instantaneous UH (IUH) that may affect the constraints for hydrologic stability. On the other hand, the Savitzky–Golay smoothing and differentiation filter (SG filter) is a digital filter known to smooth data without distorting the signal tendency. The present study proposes a method based on the SG filter to cope with oscillatory S-curves. Compared to previous conventional methods, the application of the SG filter to an S-curve was shown to drastically reduce the oscillation problems on the UH and IUH. In this method, the SG filter parameters are selected to give the minimum influence on smoothing and differentiation. Based on runoff reproduction results and performance criteria, it appears that the SG filter performed both smoothing and differentiation without the remarkable variation of hydrograph properties such as peak or time-to peak. The IUH, UH, and S-curve were estimated using storm data from two watersheds. The reproduced runoffs showed high levels of model performance criteria. In addition, the analyses of two other watersheds revealed that small watershed areas may experience scale problems. The proposed method is believed to be valuable when error-prone data are involved in analyzing the linear rainfall–runoff relationship.
A Novel Thin-Film Technique to Improve Accuracy of Fluorescence-Based Estimates for Periphytic Biofilms
Authors: Katona Leon , Vadeboncoeur Yvonne , Nietch Christopher T. , Hossler Katie
Published: May 2021

Recent studies suggest that photophysiological parameters for intact substrates with depth (e.g., periphytic biofilms, microphytobenthos) are overestimated by pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry. This overestimation results from depth-integration effects, following the activation of deeper photosynthesizing layers by an attenuated light signal. To mitigate this error, we propose a novel slide-based thin-film technique in which fluorescence is measured on a vertically representative subsample of the biofilm, spread evenly on a microscope slide. We compared bias and precision for photosynthetic parameters estimated through conventional PAM fluorometry on intact biofilms and through our novel slide-based technique, both theoretically and empirically. Numerical simulations confirmed the consistent overestimation of key parameters for intact biofilms, with relative errors up to 145%, compared to, at most, 52% on thin films. Paired empirical observations likewise demonstrated that estimates based on intact biofilms were consistently higher (up to 248%, p<0.001) than estimates from thin films. Numerical simulation suggested greater precision with the slide-based technique for homogeneous biofilms, but potentially less precision for heterogeneous biofilms with improper subsampling. Our empirical comparison, however, demonstrated some improvement in precision with the slide-based technique (e.g., the coefficient of variation for the maximum electron transport rate was reduced 30%, p=0.009). We recommend the use of the slide-based technique, particularly for biofilms that are thick or have small light attenuation coefficients. Care should be taken, however, to obtain vertically representative subsamples of the biofilm for measurement.
Neurobiological and psychosomatic aspects of infertility in women
Authors: Stenyaeva N. N. , Chritinin D. F.
Published: May 2021

In recent years, ideas about the regulation of the autonomic functions of the human body and the psychosomatic effects of sex hormones have expanded significantly. Dysregulation of the HPG-axis is involved in the pathogenesis of a number of stressassociated mental illnesses. Infertility and its long-term treatment is characterized by a long-term impact on patients of various stressful factors. Reproductive medicine has now made impressive advances in biotechnology. Reproductive medicine has now achieved impressive success due to the revolutionary development of biotechnologies. Nevertheless, a significant number of couples have to struggle unsuccessfully with infertility for many years, and the social consequences of this are extremely significant for the family and society as a whole. Taking into account the relationship between the mental and somatic health of infertile women, greater attention of clinicians to the mental sphere of patients, providing forced childless couples with the necessary psychological and psychiatric care will reduce stress during infertility treatment and increase patient satisfaction.
The Algorithm of the Treatment and Diagnostic Strategy for cystic formations of the chiasmal-sellar region
Authors: Puzakov Nikita Sergeevich , Cherebillo Vladislav Yurievich , Tregubenko Ilya Aleksandrovich
Published: May 2021

Due to the rare occurrence of cysts of the chiasmosellar region, neurologists and neurosurgeons do not always have experience with such a pathology. Additional difficulties are made by the difficulty of differential diagnosis due to the identical clinical symptoms of the formation of the chiasmal-sellar region and the frequent incorrect interpretation of neuroimaging data. But conducting an accurate preoperative differential diagnosis of cysts of the chiasmosellar region is an important step in preparing for surgical treatment, which allows you to determine the surgical tactics in advance, because each group of cysts of the chiasmosellar region has its own characteristics of surgical treatment, which can significantly reduce the number of complications and minimize the number of recidivities. The aim of this study was to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cysts of the chiasmal-sellar region by developing an optimal diagnostic and treatment algorithm. For this, from 2009 to 2018, the medical documentation of 1740 patients was analyzed, of which 94 case histories were operated on with transsphenoidal endoscopic access for cystic pituitary adenomas and cysts of the chiasmosellar region. Patients were divided into 5 groups according to nosology. We analyzed the clinical picture, laboratory test data and MRI, features of surgical treatment and postoperative outcomes in each group. All obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis, on the basis of which the distinctive diagnostic and surgical features inherent in each group were determined. All the data obtained are summarized in a diagnostic and treatment algorithm, which allows for accurate differential diagnosis, based on which the specialist, using the developed algorithm, can determine the further treatment tactics and, if necessary, determine in advance the features of surgical treatment.
Infâncias e a educação infantil
Authors: Santos Sheila Carine Souza , Sales May Valda Souza
Published: May 2021

Este texto foi produzido como parte de fundamentação teórica da pesquisa Tecnologias e infâncias: relação, interação e percepção das crianças do grupo 5 no contexto da creche, no âmbito do Projeto LabTEPI do Grupo de Pesquisa ForTEC. O objetivo deste artigo é compreender o conceito de infância, fazendo uma discussão teórica e legal em torno das infâncias e da Educação infantil. Desse modo, o texto aborda a mudança no conceito de infâncias, visto que no campo das Ciências Humanas não podemos afirmar que existe um único modelo de infância ao longo da história da humanidade, pois o ser humano evolui junto com o seu contexto social. Traremos também a história da Educação Infantil no Brasil e os documentos que norteiam e legitimam este segmento da educação básica como primeira etapa da educação. Por tais motivos, se torna prudente conhecer os contextos de aprendizagens contemporâneos.
Prevalence of ces and cytk Genes of Bacillus cereus Isolated From Raw Milk in Tabriz, Iran
Authors: Hamidpour Mahtab , Mahdavi Saman
Published: May 2021

Background: Bacillus cereus is a gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium which is widespread in nature. It also has been known as a major foodborne pathogen that often plays a role in the contamination of ready-to-eat and dairy products. It causes two different types of food poisoning in human: the diarrheal type and the emetic type. Objective: The current study was planned to determine the prevalence of ces and cytk genes of Bacillus cereus isolated from raw milk in Tabriz, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 B. cereus strains isolated from cow raw milk, that had already been identified phenotypically, were assessed for molecular confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Then, they were evaluated for presence of ces and cytK genes by specific primers. Results: Of 40 B. cereus strains, 39 strains were confirmed molecularly. The frequency of cytK and ces genes was reported 38 (97.43%) and 0 (0%), respectively. Conclusion: The results of present study showed that B. cereus strains isolated from raw milk had high potential in causing diarrhea poisoning. Therefore, using procedures to reduce the bacterial contamination during the processing of dairy product is essential.
SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (SLR): DISEASE DETECTION IN MELONS USING DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Authors: Frieyadie Frieyadie
Published: May 2021

Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is a technique used in this study which is used to study techniques for identifying leaf diseases using digital images as a basis for obtaining an understanding of disease identification techniques in melon leaves with digital images. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency for the last 3 years from 2017-2019, melon production has increased considerably. Melon production data in 2017 was 92.43 tons, in 2018 was 118,708 and in 2019, overall melon production was 122,105 tons collected from 34 provinces in Indonesia. The problem that is often encountered in melon cultivation is the presence of plant pests that can harm and not maximize the yields of farmers. Several viruses cause mosaic disease that infects Cucurbitaceae plants, namely Cucumber aphid borne yellows virus (CABYV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). Information technology has now developed to be able to manage digital image data to identify problems faced by farmers. Several classification methods that can be used to answer problems include SVM, Artificial Neural Network, Decision Tree, Convolutional Neural Network.
ANDROID-BASED QURAN APPLICATION ON THE FLUTTER FRAMEWORK BY USING THE FOUNTAIN MODEL
Authors: Ernawati Siti , Wati Risa
Published: May 2021

With the development of technology, smartphones have become one of the communication tools and can be used as a tool entertainer. But smartphones have an impact on the declining interest in reading the Quran. It would be a good smartphone that can be used to remember the creator is to create a Quran application on android so that users do not need to carry the mushaf Quran while on the go. The purpose of the construction of the application is to always remember to the god that is by the way can read Quran whenever and wherever are. The Model used to build the application Model is the Fountain where at the time of building the application can be done in overlap by the needs. Quran application built using. net framework flutter with the programming language dart. To install the application at least the Android version used is version 5.0 Lollipop. Testing the application of the Quran using black-box testing. Give the questionnaire to potential users of the application to assess the feasibility of the application of the Quran. From the results of the questionnaire can be concluded that the application of the Quran is very user-friendly and the audio playing over and over can help the user to memorize the Quran.
Eficiencia de mezclas para el control de nematodos a base de aceites esenciales de orégano, canela y extractos hidroalcohólicos de gobernadora
Authors: Marín-Tinoco  , Silva-Marrufo  , Castañeda-Venegas  , Sida-Arreola
Published: May 2021

This research was developed in order to determine the ideal concentration of the mixture between oregano essential oil (AEO), Cinnamon oil (AC) and a governor hydroalcoholic extraction (EHG) in the treatment of soils contaminated by nematodes. The objective of the work was to identify and eliminate nematodes present in the soil; It was developed in the water technology laboratory of the Technological University of Rodeo. The method used was flotation to identify the nematodes and a simplex centroid for optimal concentration. AEO, AC, and EHG organic treatments were used to control nematodes without damaging the plants. Where the presence of the helicotylenchus nematode species was obtained, by means of 40x microscopy (vermiform/spiral worm form), in a sample of soil collected from the Agrocemosa S.P.R greenhouse of R.L de C.V. in Jalpa, Name of God Durango. Using the Simplex Centroide with the following results: a quadratic model DU: R-SQR =85.77 %; ADJ; 67.99% of response variables for the treatment mixtures, where the most efficient mixture was treatment 10.-AEO 0.66%, EHG 0.17% and AC 0.17% with 99% and treatment 3.- AEO 0.5%, EHG 0.00% and 0.5% AC with 99% for nematode control. Concluding that this method is effective in the application of organic essential oils in the elimination of nematodes present in contaminated soils.
Importancia de las competencias digitales en los alumnos de nivel medio superior
Authors: Melo-Morin Julia Patricia , Ahumada-Cervantes María De Los Ángeles
Published: May 2021

Digital skills are of great importance in the development of individuals to face the technological challenges that arise every day. With the confinement of students in their homes due to the emergence of COVID-19, is important the need to apply the digital skills of both students and teachers, to continue the educational process. There are five fundamental areas of digital competences according to the European Framework of Digital Competences, developed by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), which include 21 competencies that individuals must develop with respect to the use of information and communication technologies (Tics). A questionnaire was applied to high school students from the Escuela de Bachilleres Diurna de Pánuco, Veracruz, to identify the level of digital skills that students have, which would allow support in the development of their online classes. This article describes the results of the instrument applied in each of the areas where digital skills are classified.
Meningkatkan Imunitas Tubuh Melalui Senam Umum Ditengah Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Rubiana Iman , Mulyana Fegie Rizkia , Herliana Melya Nur , Soraya Novi
Published: May 2021

Tujuan pengabdian ini memberikan edukasi yang dilakukan secara praktek mengenai pentingnya melakukan aktivitas fisik dalam menjaga imunitas tubuh pada masa pandemic covid-19. Karena dampak dari pandemi diberlakukannya physical distancing dan berbagai aktifitas baik sosial ataupun pekerjaan dianjurkan untuk bekerja dari rumah atau dengan istilah work from home (WFH). Dengan adanya batasan-batasan serta tekanan keadaan yang merubah semua tatanan kehidupan berakibat pada pola pikir dan tingkat imunitas seseorang. Pelaksanaan pengabdian melakukan aktivitas olahraga kebugaran berupa senam umum yang dilakukan setiap hari minggu pagi oleh intrukstur profesional. Dengan senam umum diharapkan Imunitas warga akan meningkat, Disamping mengajak berolahraga senam umum, tim pengabdian pun memberikan edukasi terkait cara berolahraga yang baik dan benar sesuai Frekuensi, Intensitas, Time dan Tipe (FITT). Selain itu tim pengabdian memberikan pemahaman kepada warga terkait pandemi agar masyarakat mempunyai perilaku dan kebiasaan sehari-harinya untuk bisa menjaga protokol kesehatan
Życie codzienne w samochodzie. Schematy interakcji i wzajemnego postrzegania się kierowców z perspektywy socjologii życia codziennego
Authors: Falkowski Michał
Published: May 2021

The article contains an attempted reconstruction of the manners of communication which occur between the drivers of cars, in other words the characteristic methods of communicating information and the manners of their interpretation. The analysis, conducted from the perspective of the sociology of everyday life, includes that which constantly occurs in the social conditions on the roads, the interaction between drivers, their communication, their mutual influence on each other, attitudes and stereotypes. In particular the author demonstrates the specific communicative code of drivers, defines the motives for their behaviour and the means of their interpretation, and also the patterns of interaction and mutual perception. He considers whether drivers really do co-exist in the space of the same symbols and significances, if they really do mutually communicate and into what manner of interactions they enter.
Palacz papierosów jako obcy. Wybrane strategie konstruowania Innego
Authors: Necel Ryszard
Published: May 2021

The author concentrates on some cultural strategies which have made an Other from people who smoke cigarettes. The article is based on the concept of the Other presented by Zygmunt Bauman. The author analyzes three basic strategies: strategy of cultural body, strategy of heterotopia and strategy of odour which dominate in the manner in which smokers are separated. Through body, place and smell modern culture defines smokers as an Other which differs from the socially accepted norms and is continually and increasingly excluded from mainstream society.
Cierpliwość fana fantastyki. O tym, czy fan to marionetka czy partyzant
Authors: Siuda Piotr
Published: May 2021

The article discusses a specific group of the recipients of the media — fans of science-fiction. The author describes two research approaches to sci-fi fans — a pathological approach and a warlike approach. The pathological one shows fans as infantile puppets. According to the representatives of this approach the science-fiction genre is kitsch. Fans are completely tasteless, dumb and easily yield to manipulation by the producers. The second approach opposes this notion. According to the representatives of the warlike approach, fans are quite impatient when it comes to kitsch. Fans often reject a part of a text producers present. Fans are selective — they choose what they think is good and valuable. One could say that the fans are fighting with producers, that they are a guerillas involved in a war. Fans try to pick something up out of a text and create a new fan culture. The author of the article characterizes both approaches, indicates their main assumptions and recognized representatives. It is possible to accept the thesis that a fan is a warlike guerrilla without any reservations? If a cultural industry is currently changing to accommodate the most engaged and participatory audiences, researchers should come up with a new approach. It could portray sci-fi fans rather as engaged in war with producers (but recapitulate ideas of fannish opposition) or once again manipulated. In the near future it is important to decide which way the new approach should take — researching fans of science fiction genre is crucial to understanding audiences in general.
Czy możliwa jest sprawiedliwość językowa?
Authors: Żelazny Walter
Published: May 2021

The author considers the question of who has power in the globalizing world over the “international” language, what benefits do they derive from that, who profits, who loses? According to the calculations of François Grin of the University of Geneva, because of the domination of the English language in the European Union, Great Britain gains annually 17 milliard euros. For comparison, the whole budget for higher education in Poland in 2009 was 15 milliard zloties, that is one quarter of that sum. Linguistic relationships, including those in Europe are a clear example of injustice as it favours native English speakers. As a result, are language and culture categories of social justice, the first principle of a modern state? Why not consider the development of a type of Esperanto?
Badanie zespołu Alaina Touraine’a nad Solidarnością. Historia i konsekwencje
Authors: Motrenko Jakub Bazyli
Published: May 2021

Alain Touraine arrived in Poland in 1981 with a theoretically elaborated and empirically tested research programme. He engaged a few young Polish sociologists to his research group. The team members had an opportunity — both during the research and later in 1980s when they visited him in France — to get to know his sociology of new social movements. The article is an attempt to show how the experience of contact with the French sociologist was inscribed in changes which took place in Polish sociology and which were named “the antipositivist turn”.
Teoria społeczna i estetyczna Theodora Adorna jako praktyka prowokacyjnego uwrażliwiania
Authors: Modrzyk Ariel
Published: May 2021

This paper refers to Theodor Adorno’s sociological and philosophical reflection and the basic contradictions in his theory. The author disclosures basic inconsistencies between his methodological assumptions and diagnosis of industrial society. Paradoxically, regardless of whether we are supporters or opponents of Adorno’s conceptions, it leads to a more sensitive overview toward social reality and realizing his methodological ideals through our practical activity.