bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart Insulin Pens: Advancing Digital Transformation and a Connected Diabetes Care Ecosystem
Authors: Kompala Tejaswi , Neinstein Aaron B.
Published: January 2021

With the first commercially available smart insulin pens, the predominant insulin delivery device for millions of people living with diabetes is now coming into the digital age. Smart insulin pens (SIPs) have the potential to reshape a connected diabetes care ecosystem for patients, providers, and health systems. Existing SIPs are enhanced with real-time wireless connectivity, digital dose capture, and integration with personalized dosing decision support. Automatic dose capture can promote effective retrospective review of insulin dose data, particularly when paired with glucose data. Patients, providers, and diabetes care teams will be able to make increasingly data-driven decisions and recommendations, in real time, during scheduled visits, and in a more continuous, asynchronous care model. As SIPs continue to progress along the path of digital transformation, we can expect additional benefits: iteratively improving software, machine learning, and advanced decision support. Both these technological advances, and future care delivery models with asynchronous interactions, will depend on easy, open, and continuous data exchange between the growing number of diabetes devices. SIPs have a key role in modernizing diabetes care for a large population of people living with diabetes.
Posterior Ankle Scope Approach to Symptomatic Os Trigonum Removal
Authors: Thompson John M. , Langan Travis M. , Hyer Christopher F.
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Os trigonum can become symptomatic following acute or chronic repetitive compression of the posterior ankle. Following conservative treatment failure, removal is often warranted. Current surgical options include traditional open resection and endoscopic removal. The purpose of this article is to review a population of patients who underwent endoscopic excision of symptomatic accessory os trigonum through a posterior approach and evaluate the outcomes of the procedure.

Methods

From May 2009 to September 2018, all patients who underwent excision of a symptomatic os trigonum were reviewed. Outcomes of interest were major and minor complications and time to return to full weight-bearing activities. Postoperative protocol included 5 to 7 days non–weight-bearing and 1 to 2 weeks of protected weight-bearing followed by full release to weight-bearing activities.

Results

Twelve patients who met the inclusion criteria were studied. Mean follow-up was 10.2 (±7.4) months with no major complications and 1 minor wound complication. Average advancement to protected weight-bearing was 7.1 days. Average return to full weight-bearing activities without restriction was 24.4 days.

Conclusion

The current study describes the technique and results to minimally invasive os trigonum removal with favorable postoperative outcomes. Results demonstrated minimal complications and postoperative pain, also quick return to weight-bearing and full activity.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series
Brain Abscess Complicating a Traumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Contusion
Authors: Brooks Earllondra , Kett Lauren , Klein Joshua P.
Published: January 2021

A 63-year-old right-handed man was admitted to our hospital after sustaining a traumatic right-sided subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and temporal lobe hemorrhagic contusion. He was managed non-operatively and discharged without any neurologic deficits. Two weeks later he presented with worsening headaches and altered sensorium. Imaging studies showed that the patient had developed a cerebral abscess at the site of his intracerebral hemorrhage. The abscess was surgically resected, and the patient was treated with antibiotics with complete resolution of symptoms. This case illustrates the importance of timely recognition of a rare complication of intracranial hemorrhage, and the utility of MR spectroscopy.
Locating “Making the Future Visible”: A Commentary on Hardin Tibbs’ Paper
Authors: Curry Andrew
Published: January 2021

Hardin Tibbs’ paper “Making the Future Visible,” published privately in 1999, is an important but neglected contribution to the field. It proposes a model that connects futures thinking to agency by linking it to an awareness of self.
Investigating the Interplay Between Race, Work Ethic Stereotypes, and Attitudes Toward Welfare Recipients and Policies
Authors: Brown-Iannuzzi Jazmin L. , Cooley Erin , Marshburn Christopher K. , McKee Stephanie E. , Lei Ryan F.
Published: January 2021

The current research investigates the role of racialized work ethic stereotypes on attitudes toward welfare. We hypothesized that work ethic stereotypes shape both people’s attitudes toward welfare and their perceptions of who benefits from these policies. Consistent with hypotheses, when the demographic composition of welfare recipients was majority Black (vs. White), participants thought recipients were lazier and were less positive to welfare programs and policies (Study 1). Describing welfare recipients as hardworking (vs. no information control) mitigated this effect, even when the demographic composition of welfare recipients was majority Black (Study 2). Finally, we investigated whether work ethic stereotypes shape both attitudes toward welfare and spontaneous mental images of recipients. Images generated when participants were asked to envision hardworking (vs. lazy) recipients were rated by a separate sample as more representative of White Americans and garnered more support for providing welfare benefits (Study 3).
Enhancing statistical literacy skills through real life activities enriched with gamification elements: An experimental study
Authors: Çakıroğlu Ünal , Güler Mustafa
Published: January 2021

This study attempts to determine whether gamification can be used as a pedagogical technique to overcome the challenges in teaching statistics. A post-test quasi-experimental design was carried out in gamified and non-gamified groups in order to reveal the effect of gamification elements in cultivating students’ statistical literacy skills. Students in gamified group were also interviewed to understand the function of gamification process. The results suggest that; although gamifying the instructional process had a positive impact on developing students’ statistical literacy in medium and high score students; surprisingly the influence of the gamification to the low- achieved scores were not positive. The positive impact was discussed in accordance with the gradual structure of statistical literacy and suggestions for successful gamification applications due to the context were included.
Current antipsychotic agent use and risk of venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Liu Yinzhao , Xu Jun , Fang Kacey , Xu Yue , Gao Ju , Zhou Chao , Tang Xiaowei , Fang Xinyu , Chen Jiu , Xie Chunming , Zhang Fuquan , Zhang Xiangrong , Wang Congjie
Published: January 2021

Background:

Antipsychotic agents (APS) are widely used drugs to treat psychotic symptoms and can effectively reduce both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. For decades, some studies suggested that there is a relationship between using APS and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and pulmonary embolism (PE). However, results remain inconclusive.

Method:

This review has been registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, ID: CDR42020155620). Relevant studies were identified among observational studies published up to 1 October 2019 in the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Random or fixed-effects models were used to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR).

Results:

In total, 28 observational studies were included. The results showed that compared with non-users, current APS users have significantly increased risks of VTE [OR 1.55 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36, 1.76] and PE (OR 3.68, 95% CI 1.23, 11.05). Subgroup analyses suggested that new users were associated with a higher risk of VTE (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.81, 2.35). For individual drugs, increased risk of VTE and PE was observed in taking haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine, prochlorperazine but not in chlorpromazine, quetiapine or aripiprazole. However, careful interpretation is needed because of high heterogeneity among studies and scarce data.

Conclusion:

The present comprehensive meta-analysis further indicates a significantly increased risk of VTE and PE in current APS users compared with non-users. Subgroup analyses suggest that new users are more likely to develop VTE. However, due to significant heterogeneity among studies, conclusions should be considered with caution.
Imagining 5G: Public sense-making through advertising in China and the US
Authors: Campbell Scott W. , Zhao Fangwei , Frith Jordan , Liang Fan
Published: January 2021

This study initiates a line of research on how the fifth generation of wireless infrastructure (“5G”) is being imagined through media portrayals—in this case through advertising. At the time of this writing, 5G is not yet widely available, however the media is saturated with narratives about how it will revolutionize everyday life. Drawing from the social imaginaries and media infrastructures traditions, this textual analysis examines the social shaping of 5G through advertisements from leading telecoms in leading markets, including China and the United States. Findings reveal an overarching trend with ads from both societies imagining 5G in futuristic and utopian ways, suggesting new possibilities for people, objects, and places to be connected through smart homes, vehicles, factories, and cities—not just through smart phones. The findings also reveal distinctions in how 5G is envisioned at the societal level. For example, ads from China imagine 5G as a source of national pride that will elevate its global standing, while the US telecoms have a more inward focus on domestic competition. The discussion offers interpretations of these and other findings, along with directions for future research.
Reducing parent-adolescent conflicts about mobile phone use: The role of parenting styles
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Zhang Lianshan
Published: January 2021

This study seeks to understand the role of parenting styles in reconciling parent-adolescent conflict about adolescents’ mobile phone use, through an examination of the effects of adolescents’ mobile phone use intensity, parenting styles, and their interaction effects on the conflicts. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to collect a representative sample of 751 middle school students in an eastern province of China. The results indicated a positive relationship between the intensity of adolescents’ mobile phone use and parent-adolescent conflict about mobile phone use. Parental demandingness was related to more conflict, whereas parental responsiveness was related to less conflict. Moreover, moderation analyses revealed that the relationship between the intensity of adolescents’ mobile phone use and parent-adolescent conflict varied based upon the degree of parental demandingness and parental responsiveness. Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature on associations between parenting style and parent-adolescent conflict. Findings from this study provide parents with knowledge to reduce conflict with their children regarding mobile phone use.
The Ancient Mesopotamian Mīs Pî Ritual: An Application of the Ecological Anthropology of Roy Rappaport
Authors: Balogh Amy L.
Published: January 2021

This article presents the ancient Mesopotamian Mīs Pî ceremony as a case study in the relationship between ritual and the natural world using Roy Rappaport’s framework of Ecological Anthropology as a guide. Rappaport’s premise is that human populations do not operate independently but are instead, “ecological populations in an ecosystem that also includes the other living organisms and the nonliving substances found within the boundaries of [their] territory.” In Rappaport’s framework, rituals involving the use of animal, plant, and other organic materials link human communities to the ecosystems in which they dwell and to that which they seek to ritualize. Applying this mode of analysis to the Mīs Pî ritual yields the thesis that, from the perspective of the Mīs Pî, nature is integral to the ritual maintenance and well-being of the divine and human realms, and, in effect, the well-being of the cosmos.
Leukocytosis during cervical preparation with osmotic dilators for dilation and evacuation
Authors: Benson Lyndsey S , Stevens Jordan , Micks Elizabeth A , Prager Sarah W
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

To describe leukocytosis trends during cervical preparation with osmotic dilators for second-trimester dilation and evacuation procedures, and to determine whether there is a difference in leukocytosis seen with laminaria versus Dilapan-S.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 986 women presenting for dilation and evacuation from April 2008 through March 2009 at an outpatient clinic network. We included all procedures at ⩾14 weeks’ gestation where laminaria or Dilapan-S dilators were used for overnight dilation. All women had routine white blood cell testing during the study period.

Results:

There was a median increase of 2.4 × 103/μL white blood cell count (95% confidence interval 2.2–2.7 × 103/μL) from beginning of cervical preparation to the day of procedure (95% confidence interval and p value). Women receiving laminaria ( n = 805) versus Dilapan-S ( n = 181) had a greater increase in white blood cell count from baseline (median increase 2.7 versus 1.2 × 103/μL, p < 0.001), including when adjusting for age, gestational age, parity, baseline white blood cell count, and number of dilators placed.

Conclusion:

There is increased leukocytosis during the course of cervical preparation with osmotic dilators, and this is increased with use of laminaria versus Dilapan-S. Rates of clinically recognized infection in second-trimester abortion are low regardless of dilator type used.
Putting the anthropos back in consumer research: Beyond reductionisms
Authors: Askegaard Søren
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this article is to open for a missing dialogue between consumer culture theorization and biological anthropology and biology. In this sense, it is a kind of “manifesto” for a future interdisciplinary research program. The point of departure is for consumer researchers to get beyond and avoid the lure of much of the standard evolutionary Neo-Darwinist theorizing with its focus on a sharp division between innate and acquired features and adaptationism as the driving logic. Instead, consumer culture theory can – and should – find inspiration in open systems approaches to human biology and culture, in biosemiotics, and in current movements toward a post-anthropocentric anthropology that reinserts the human as a “becoming” element in a dynamic natural unfolding. Finally, it is argued that such a renewed dialogue is pivotal in the establishment of an ecological wisdom for addressing contemporary issues of climate change and sustainability.
Terrorism and Voting Behavior: Evidence from the United States
Authors: Baccini Leonardo , Brodeur Abel , Nossek Sean , Shor Eran
Published: January 2021

This article examines the impact of terrorism on voting behavior in the United States. We rely on an exhaustive list of terror attacks over the period 1970–2016 and exploit the inherent randomness of the success or failure of terror attacks to identify the political impacts of terrorism. We first confirm that the success of terror attacks is plausibly random by showing that it is orthogonal to potential confounders. We then show that on average successful attacks have no effect on presidential and non-presidential elections. As a benchmark, we also rely on a more naïve identification strategy using all the counties not targeted by terrorists as a comparison group. We show that using this naïve identification strategy leads to strikingly different results overestimating the effect of terror attacks on voting behavior. Overall, our results indicate that terrorism has less of an influence on voters than is usually thought.
Anxiety as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of depression: A narrative review of current status and conflicting findings
Authors: Karlsen Håvard R , Matejschek Florian , Saksvik-Lehouillier Ingvild , Langvik Eva
Published: January 2021

The aim of this paper is to summarise and evaluate the empirical support for the association between anxiety and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to address challenges related to method and study design. We review results from meta-analyses and more recent findings on the association of anxiety and the risk of CVD. Depression and anxiety are often listed as psychosocial risk markers of CVD, but the role of anxiety as a risk factor for CVD has not received the same evidential support as the effects of depression. Through a narrative review we identified six meta-analyses as well as 15 recent large studies of anxiety and CVD that we summarise. Some of the conflicting findings may be artefacts of study design or population the sample is drawn from. Researchers should take care to be population specific, measurement specific and outcome specific, and to control for comorbid depression.
Use of a research app in an online opt-in panel: The Netquest case
Authors: Revilla Melanie , Paura Ezequiel , Ochoa Carlos
Published: January 2021

The increasing use of mobile devices in the frame of online surveys has been accompanied by the development of research apps. These research apps have the potential to facilitate the process for respondents (e.g. being able to complete surveys when Internet is not available provides more freedom on when and where participants can participate) and fieldwork companies (e.g. the possibility to use push notifications could lead to higher participation rates). However, previous research suggests that panelists may also be reluctant to install an app. In this study, we answer research questions related to the knowledge and use of the Netquest app. We found that a majority of panelist did not know about the app and although sending invitations significantly increased its installation, the overall total of respondents installing the app remained low. Furthermore, the profile of those who installed the app differs from those who did not. The participation of panelists after they installed the app seems stable. The main reason for installing the app is comfort while the main reason for not installing relates to space/battery usage. Most of those who did not install could accept to install the app.
Patient Centered Medical Home Cooking: Community Culinary Workshops for Multidisciplinary Teams
Authors: Kumra Tina , Rajagopal Selvi , Johnson Kathleen , Garnepudi Lavanya , Apfel Ariella , Crocetti Michael
Published: January 2021

Ideal management of chronic disease includes team based primary care, however primary care medical staff face a lack of training when addressing nutritional counseling and lifestyle prevention. Interactive culinary medicine education has shown to improve knowledge and confidence among medical students. The aim of this study was to determine whether a culinary medicine curriculum delivered to a multidisciplinary team of primary care medical staff and medical students in a community setting would improve self-reported efficacy in nutritional counseling and whether efficacy differed between participant roles. A 4-h interactive workshop that took place within the neighborhood of a primary care medical home was delivered to medical staff and students. Participants completed a voluntary questionnaire before and after the workshop that addressed participants’ attitudes and confidence in providing nutritional counseling to patients. Chi-square tests were run to determine statistically significant associations between role of participant and survey question responses. Sign Rank tests were run to determine if pre-workshop responses differed significantly from post-workshop responses. Thirteen of seventeen responses related to attitudes and efficacy demonstrated significant improvement after the workshop compared with prior to the workshop. Significant differences noted between roles prior to the workshop disappear when asking the same questions after the workshop. Delivery of culinary medicine curricula to a primary care medical home team in a community setting is an innovative opportunity to collaboratively improve nutritional education and counseling in chronic disease prevention.
Cultivating Management Education Based on the Awareness of Students’ Multiple Intelligences
Authors: Peterlin Judita , Dimovski Vlado , Meško Maja , Roblek Vasja
Published: January 2021

Educators are emphasizing the need for developing students through arts and literature. Our case illustration demonstrates that business students are motivated to develop their personality through cultural artifacts and different theories. The article has two purposes: the first is to present management education, which emphasizes the importance of valuing culture and students’ implicit management theories, while the second is to suggest recommendations for integrating cultural content into management education, which we present through the managerial challenge of preserving Australian Slovenian cultural homes. The article presents a qualitative study on management perception of 106 business students who are embedded in contemporary culture and innovative cultural management education practices at the University of Ljubljana. The possibility and benefits of converting the complete curriculum of cultural management education emerge from this research. We hope that this article will enlighten educators and researchers to conduct further studies on cultural management education and multiple intelligences development.
Outcomes of Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion for Adult Spinal Deformity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhu Lei , Wang Jun-Wu , Zhang Liang , Feng Xin-Min
Published: January 2021

Study Design:

A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives:

To evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes, and perioperative complications of oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) for adult spinal deformity (ASD).

Methods:

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of related studies reporting outcomes of OLIF for ASD. The clinical outcomes were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The radiographic parameters were evaluated by sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (PI-LL), Cobb angle and fusion rate. A random effects model and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed to investigate the results.

Results:

A total of 16 studies involving 519 patients were included in the present study. The mean difference of VAS-back score, VAS-leg score and ODI score before and after surgery was 5.1, 5.0 and 32.3 respectively. The mean correction of LL was 20.6°, with an average of 6.9° per level and the mean correction of Cobb was 16.4°, with an average of 4.7° per level. The mean correction of SVA, PT, SS, TK and PI-LL was 59.3 mm, 11.7°, 6.9°, 9.4° and 20.6° respectively. The mean fusion rate was 94.1%. The incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications was 4.9% and 29.6% respectively.

Conclusions:

OLIF is an effective and safe surgery method in the treatment of mild or moderate ASD and it has advantages in less intraoperative blood loss and lower perioperative complications.
The Impact of Intraoperative Image-Guidance Modalities and Neurophysiologic Monitoring in the Safety of Sacroiliac Fusions
Authors: Montenegro Thiago Scharth , Hoelscher Christian , Hines Kevin , Thalheimer Sara , Matias Caio , Wilent Bryan , Harrop James , Heller Joshua E.
Published: January 2021

Study Design:

Retrospective observational cohort.

Objective:

A review of efficiency and safety of fluoroscopy and stereotactic navigation system for minimally invasive (MIS) Sacroiliac (SI) fusion through a lateral technique.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of an observational cohort of 96 patients greater than 18 years old, that underwent MIS SI fusion guided by fluoroscopy or navigation between January 2013 and April 2020 with a minimum of 3 months follow-up. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) with a variable combination of electromyography (EMG), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) was also utilized.

Results:

The overall complication rate in the study was 9.4%, and there was no difference between the fluoroscopy (10.1%), and navigation groups (8%). Neurological complication rate was 2.1%, without a significant difference between both intraoperative guidance modality groups (p = 0.227). There was a significant difference between the modalities of IONM used and the occurrence of neurological injury (p = 0.01).The 2 patients who had a neurological complication postoperatively were monitored only with EMG and SSEP, but none of the patients (n = 76) in which MEPs were utilized had neurologic complication. The mean pain improvement 3 months after surgery was greater in the navigation group (2.44 ± 2.72), but was not statistically different than the improvement in the fluoroscopy group (1.90 ± 2.07) (p = 0.301).

Conclusions:

No difference in the safety of the procedure was found between the fluoroscopy and the stereotactic navigation techniques. The contribution of the IONM to the safety of SI fusions could not be determined, but the data indicates that MEPs provide the highest level of sensitivity.
Kyphoplasty for Elderly Patients With Vertebral Compression Fractures—Do We Save Lives? Mortality Rates Analysis Comparison in a Long-Term Follow-Up Cohort
Authors: Lotan Raphael , Smorgick Yossi , Anekstein Yoram , Rudik Oren , Prosso Ilia , Hershkovich Oded
Published: January 2021

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort.

Objectives:

We aimed to compare a large cohort of patients with vertebral compression fractures (VCF) treated in 2 centers using different protocols (conservative vs BKP) and compare mortality rates on a long-term follow-up.

Methods:

Retrospective cohort held in 2 medical centers (W and AH). All patients admitted with VCF from November 2008 to January 2015 were enrolled in the study. Exclusion criteria were patients admitted with non-osteoporotic pathological fractures (such as metastatic or MM).

Results:

Our study included 208 patients treated for VCF, 127 were treated with BKP (88 females, 69.3%) and 81 were treated conservatively (59 females, 72.8%). Patients from Centre W were older and frailer compared to the patients from AH center (Average age 75.12 ± 11.16 vs 69.13 ± 9.61 years and Frailty score of 0.16 ± 0.1 vs 0.12 ± 0.1 respectively, T-test, p < 0.01 for both). Hazard ratios (HR) for age, female gender and frailty were significant for increased mortality, frailty had the highest HR of 182.42 (CI 29.05-1145.33, p < 0.01). Multivariate Cox model was fitted and after accounting for Gender, Age and Frailty, no significant difference was found between the 2 medical centers mortality rates (p = 0.59), thus no difference in mortality rates between BKP and conservative treatment in our study.

Conclusion:

long-term follow-up following BKP treatment for VCF did not show a reduced mortality rate compared to conservative treatment after accounting for frailty, age and gender. Frailty was the most important factor in predicting mortality. Further RCTs are needed to compare the quality of life differences between the 2 treatment strategies.
A case of synovial chondromatosis of knee joint treated with total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Pal Sourav Kumar , Srikant Konchada , Dash Amlan
Published: January 2021

Synovial Chondromatosis is a rare disease of the synovial membrane characterised by formation of multiple loose bodies in a joint. Knee is the most common joint to be affected by this disease. Though, this disease can be managed by synovectomy and removal of loose bodies with a favourable functional outcome but in some cases where there is damage of articular cartilage, simple synovectomy might not be sufficient. Here, we present a case of right knee pain in a 53 year old male since 4 years with a established diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis. No other joint was affected. Pain was associated with a fixed flexion deformity and restriction of knee range of motion and multiple slipping bodies. Radiography showed multiple loose bodies in the tibio-femoral as well as in patello femoral compartment. MRI of knee revealed several damaged areas in the knee articular surface. As a result, decision was taken to perform total knee arthroplasty. Intraoperatively all the loose bodies were removed along with the affected synovium and arthroplasty was done. Patient was discharged in fourth post operative day with proper instructions and was called for follow up at 1 month, 3 month, 6 month, 1 year. Functional outcome was assessed by Tegner Lysholm knee score, Knee Society score and Visual Assessment Scale.
Extensively hydroxyapatite-coated long femoral stem revision hip arthroplasty: Clinical outcome and survivorship in 11 to 17.5 years follow up
Authors: Hong Liu Wing , Yin Chung Kwong , Wing Cheung Kin , Hing Chiu Kwok , Kevin Ho Ki Wai
Published: January 2021

Extensively coated long femoral stem revision hip arthroplasty is based on the principle of distal fixation at diaphyseal region, which can overcome the problem of proximal femoral bone stock deficiencies causing inadequate support and unstable fixation when using conventional length femoral stem. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 43 cases of revision hip arthroplasties using extensively hydroxyapatite-coated long femoral stem performed in our department from Jan 1998 to Dec 2005. Patients’ background demographic data, operative details and clinical outcome were analyzed. The mean age at revision surgery was 63.7 (32–84). The mean follow-up period was of 13.8 years (11–17.5 years). In the latest follow up, all patients reported either no or mild hip or thigh pain. 29.2% of patients were able to walk unaided, 25.0% were able to walk with stick, and 33.3% were able to walk with quadripod. The average Harris hip score measured in the latest follow up was 78.8 (55–100). 4.7% were complicated with implant loosening requiring re-revision and 4.7% were complicated with implant infection requiring implant removal. The survival rate was 89.9% at 17.5 years. The femoral stem without femoral fixation augmentation had better survivorship as compared with those with augmentation (p = 0.038). Extensively hydroxyapatite-coated long femoral stem is a good option for revision hip arthroplasty with good clinical outcome and high survival rate.
Environmental Legal Education as if Earth Really Mattered: A Brief Account from Japan
Authors: Giraudou Isabelle
Published: January 2021

How can environmental legal education engage with the Anthropocene? Focusing on the Japanese higher education context, this article interweaves the author’s own biographical experience (i.e., a recent professional move from the Graduate School of Law to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences) with an analysis of how international non-monodisciplinary teaching frameworks can contribute to the development of environmental legal studies beyond the School of Law and its disciplinary focus. In this regard, what is considered is the extent to which a cross-listed course, Law and the Environment, designed for a mixed body of Japanese and international undergraduate students enrolled in different tracks (Environmental Sciences and Humanities & Social Sciences), may help both break down familiar approaches to environmental problems and turn the classroom into a new ‘community of inquiry’.
Japan’s Legal Education Assistance in Asia: Building a Cohort of Jurists for Transition Reforms
Authors: Ismatov Aziz , Makino Emi
Published: January 2021

For about three decades, Japan has been providing legal assistance to select countries in Asia in their transition endeavours from socialism to market economy. Whereas historically, international legal assistance traditions and their philosophies were designed by Western donors, Japan intends to demonstrate a shift from such traditional settings by offering its own ideas and approaches towards legal development in Asia. Among features such as request-based approach, prioritization of local culture and society in legal assistance, and supreme national interests in providing Official Development Assistance (ODA), Japan places a particular focus on human recourses development in Asia. This research article on the concrete example of Nagoya University will focus on Japan’s legal education assistance initiative to foster human resources in Asian countries of Uzbekistan, Mongolia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar and Laos. By focusing on educational projects of Nagoya University, which many refer to as the Asian hub for legal education, this article will shed light on the nature, primary objectives and challenges of nurturing future legal specialists as proposed by Japan’s broader legal assistance initiative in Asia. This article asserts that the goal of the Japanese legal education project is not necessarily to export Japanese law and theory to Asian recipient countries but to enable future Asian jurists to understand own law or the foreign legal systems in comparative perspective and teach skills to independently and adequately address future legal challenges arising in own country.
Dissecting the Dichotomy of Skill and Social Justice Theory of Law School Legal Aid Clinics in the USA and India: A Re-look of the Past and the Present
Authors: Rajashree K.
Published: January 2021

With the mushrooming of legal aid clinics across institutions imparting legal education, there exists a conundrum as to their actual objectives. With passage of time, social justice theory is losing ground and skill development theory has gained greater predominance. In order to understand the objectives behind establishing legal aid clinics, the article traces its inter-linkages with the theory of social justice. In doing so, an analysis of the context under which legal aid clinics were established and their relevance to the present day is explored through the article. With the passage of 22 years of establishment of law school legal aid clinics in India, there still exists a dichotomy as to their real purpose and objective. These models of legal aid clinics of the past not only offer insights to develop present models of legal aid clinics, but there is also a need to emulate these models as they are relevant and apt even to this day. The article adapts a comparative approach between India and the USA, chronicling the past and present sojourns of the journey of law school legal aid clinics and the suitability of the social justice theory to the current Indian context.
Do Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone ACL-Reconstructed Knees Have More Signs of Patellofemoral Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis Than Their Uninjured Contralateral Knees at 2 Years?
Authors: Oak Sameer R. , Cantrell William A. , Altahawi Faysal , Li Xiaojuan , Winalski Carl S. , Flanigan David C. , Reinke Emily K. , Huston Laura J. , Jones Morgan H. , Spindler Kurt P.
Published: January 2021

Background:

The prevalence of patellofemoral joint (PFJ) osteoarthritis ranges from 8% to 47% at 7 to 10 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) autograft. In performing BTB ACLR, some hypothesize that either trauma caused by harvest of the BTB autograft or altered biomechanics contributes to PFJ posttraumatic osteoarthritis.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

To determine whether knees with ACLR using a BTB autograft show early signs of posttraumatic osteoarthritis as compared with the contralateral uninjured knee 2 years after ACLR. We hypothesized that a BTB autograft will not increase the prevalence of PFJ osteoarthritis.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Bilateral knee 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were collected in 57 patients (mean age, 20.3 years; 28 men) from a single site at a minimum of 2 years after ACLR. Structural MRI assessment of the knees was performed using the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score semiquantitative scoring system by a board-certified musculoskeletal radiologist. The presence of cartilage defects in the patellofemoral compartment was compared between the reconstructed and contralateral uninjured knees using logistic regression analyses.

Results:

There were no significant differences in the prevalence of cartilage defects (full thickness or any thickness) in the PFJ between the BTB ACLR knees and the contralateral control knees: 38.6% of BTB ACLR knees had PFJ cartilage defects versus 31.6% of contralateral control knees ( P > .391). The 95% CI for the difference between these groups was –9.0% to 23.0%.

Conclusion:

When comparing BTB ACLR knees with the uninjured contralateral knees in the study patients, we failed to observe statistically significant differences in the prevalence of PFJ cartilage lesions of full thickness or any thickness. These results should be used in shared decision-making with athletes when choosing the appropriate autograft during reconstruction. Our wide 95% CIs secondary to a smaller sample size demonstrate a need for larger studies in this area to more accurately describe the difference between the operative and contralateral knees.
Proximal Biceps Tenodesis Incorporated into Supraspinatus Repair: A Case Series and Technical Description
Authors: Veenstra Joshua M. , Geeslin Andrew G. , Uggen Christopher W.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Biceps tendon pathology is commonly associated with rotator cuff tears. A multitude of different biceps tenodesis techniques have been studied, with limited clinical data on arthroscopic biceps tenodesis techniques incorporated into rotator cuff repairs.

Purpose:

To evaluate the outcomes of an arthroscopic biceps tenodesis incorporated into a supraspinatus tendon repair.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Patients undergoing surgical treatment of supraspinatus tendon tears with concomitant biceps tendon pathology were prospectively enrolled from 2014 to 2015. A total of 32 patients underwent combined biceps tenodesis and rotator cuff repair; of these, 19 patients were evaluated for a mean of 2.0 years. The primary outcome measures were the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES; patient self-report and physician assessment sections), visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, responses to specific biceps-related assessments, and biceps specific physical exam findings.

Results:

Patient-reported ASES scores improved from 45.9 preoperatively to 91.6 at the 2-year follow-up ( P < .001). Pain VAS scores improved from 5.2 preoperatively to 0.7 at the 2-year follow-up ( P < .001). Preoperatively, 18 patients had a positive Speed test; all were negative at 5 months postoperatively, and 21 patients had bicipital groove tenderness preoperatively, which resolved in all 21 patients at 5 months postoperatively. At the 2-year follow-up, 2 patients had cramping arm pain and 4 patients noticed a change in arm contour. There were no reoperations. No complications occurred in the study group.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic biceps tenodesis incorporated into a supraspinatus tendon repair was a safe and reliable option for biceps pathology with a concomitant rotator cuff tear.
Liver Transplantation Reverses Hepatic Myelopathy in 2 Children With Hepatitis A Infection
Authors: Koul Roshan , Lal Bikrant Bihari , Pamecha Viniyendra , Sarin Shiv , Alam Seema
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

To report 2 children with acute hepatic myelopathy after hepatitis A infection who recovered completely after living donor liver transplantation.

Methods:

All the children admitted into liver intensive care unit (LICU) from November 1st 2018 to 31st October 2019, were evaluated for the neurological features. The data was collected from the admission register of the LICU unit in children below 15 years age. Medical records of these children were reviewed and data collected. Established clinical criteria were used to categorize the various grades of hepatic encephalopathy/myelopathy.

Results:

37 children were seen over 1-year period between 6 months to 15 years age. There were 24 male(64.9%) and 13 females. Acute liver failure was seen in 19 (51.3%) and acute on chronic liver failure in 18 (48.7%). There were 10 cases of hepatitis A in acute liver failure group,10 of 19 cases (52.6%), while Wilson’s disease and undetermined etiology group formed the chronic group. 2 cases of hepatic myelopathy were seen in acute liver failure following hepatitis A infection. Both these children underwent live liver donor transplantation and recovered completely. Further in hepatitis A group,3 children had spontaneous recovery, 4 died and 1 child was discharged with end of life care. Overall out of all 37 children with liver failure,20 (54%) were discharged, 6 (16.2%) were advised end of life care and 11 (29.8%) died.

Conclusion:

Two cases (10.5%) of reversible hepatic myelopathy were seen in acute liver failure group of 19 cases. 18 out of 37 (48.6%) children had residual neurological features at discharge time.
Missing Colonies in American Myths of Slavery: Where Is the “Deep North” in Sociology Textbooks?
Authors: Pearce Susan C. , Lee Rachael
Published: January 2021

This exercise in reflexive sociology consists of a comparative analysis of the standard verbiage of Introduction to Sociology and Sociology of Race/Ethnicity textbooks on the subject of American slavery. We interrogate whether narratives about slavery in sociology textbooks present the system as a peculiar Southern institution, or as a cross-regional institution that includes the Northern colonies. The study found that a majority of the Introductory books present the system as Southern. The majority of the Race/Ethnicity books prominently feature Southern slavery, yet some are more likely to detail Northern slavery and the broader Atlantic World context. Given that the field of sociology is a key carrier of collective-memory institutionalization in its role as a remembrance environment, we argue that it has the potential to impact historical revisionist understandings of American history in public collective memory. Such revisions carry implications for transregional responsibility for racial injustices.
Explore, Exploit, and Prune in the Classroom: Strategic Resource Management Behaviors Predict Performance
Authors: Chen Patricia , Ong Desmond C. , Ng Jessica C. , Coppola Brian P.
Published: January 2021

Self-regulated learners strategically manage physical, technological, online, and social resources for learning—by selecting resources that could be useful, reflecting on how useful these resources have been, and adjusting resource use accordingly. We propose a model that conceptualizes resource management as learners’ intentional, self-reflective decisions to explore new resources, exploit (continue to use) previously useful resources, and prune (stop using) previously ineffective resources. We modeled 4,766 students’ reported exploration, exploitation, and pruning between three class exams among four cohorts of an organic chemistry class (i.e., more than 100,000 discrete data points of resource use). Each of these behavioral mechanisms of resource management predicted students’ academic achievement: The more students reported exploring, exploiting, and pruning between their exams, the higher they performed on their subsequent exams, controlling for prior performance. These findings enrich self-regulated learning theories by concretizing the behavioral mechanisms of resource management by which learners take control of their learning.
Labor Dynamics of School Principals in Rural Contexts
Authors: Yang Minseok , Lee Se Woong , Goff Peter T.
Published: January 2021

Numerous studies have explored the labor market of school principals, documenting high turnover rates and voicing concerns regarding labor supply. However, little is known about the staffing challenges in rural schools and what promotes applicants to apply for and be hired for principalship in these locales. In partnership with the Wisconsin Education Career Access Network, we examine the principal labor dynamics in rural schools using statewide job-openings and application information. Results indicate that all rural communities—rural fringe, rural distant, and rural remote—receive comparable numbers of applications, as compared with urban districts. Female candidates and candidates of color are significantly less likely to apply to rural districts, while experience working in the same district is a considerable advantage to being hired. Additionally, higher student poverty is associated with fewer principal applicants in rural schools. These results indicate the need for policies better attuned to subtle differences in rural contexts.
Effective Programs in Elementary Mathematics: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pellegrini Marta , Lake Cynthia , Neitzel Amanda , Slavin Robert E.
Published: January 2021

This article reviews research on the achievement outcomes of elementary mathematics programs; 87 rigorous experimental studies evaluated 66 programs in grades K–5. Programs were organized in six categories. Particularly positive outcomes were found for tutoring programs (effect size [ES] = +0.20, k = 22). Positive outcomes were also seen in studies focused on professional development for classroom organization and management (e.g., cooperative learning; ES = +0.19, k = 7). Professional development approaches focused on helping teachers gain in understanding of mathematics content and pedagogy had little impact on student achievement. Professional development intended to help in the adoption of new curricula had a small but significant impact for traditional (nondigital) curricula (ES = +0.12, k = 7), but not for digital curricula. Traditional and digital curricula with limited professional development, as well as benchmark assessment programs, found few positive effects.
“I’ll Try My Best to be a Dad”: The Experiences of Japanese Fathers with Cancer
Authors: Tamura Rika , Yamazaki Tomoko , Uchibori Mayumi
Published: January 2021

This study explored the experiences of Japanese fathers with cancer. Twenty-four adult men undergoing cancer treatment and raising minor children (aged ≤ 19 years) participated. Data gathered using semi-structured interviews were analyzed using the grounded theory approach. One main theme— “transformed identity: cancer made me into a father”—and eight additional sub-themes were identified from the analysis. Fathers with cancer experienced changes in work and income; weakening of their bodies and minds; and a transformation from the protector of their children to the protected, which severely challenging their identities. Through interaction with their children and self-reflection, fathers started to examine fatherhood for the first time, heightening their self-awareness as fathers. Nurses can support fathers by facilitating interactions with their children while receiving treatment and by understanding and respecting the range of emotions identified in this study.
Patient and Provider Satisfaction With Pediatric Urology Telemedicine Clinic
Authors: Chrapah Sandra , Becevic Mirna , Washington Karla T , Sheets Lincoln R , Wallach Emmanuelle , Chitima Rebecca , Malm-Buatsi Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

The use of telemedicine continues to grow as more patients are receptive to this innovative way of providing health care. Multiple publications in telemedicine indicated high satisfaction for this service. This study focuses on the use of telemedicine in a pediatric urology clinic and examines 3 research questions: (1) How did patients’ parents/guardians feel about their video appointments? (2) What were the experiences of novice telemedicine providers conducting postsurgical appointments via video? and (3) How did novice telemedicine providers’ experiences compare to those of expert telemedicine providers?