bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Salvia hispanica L., Sesamum indicum L., and Linum usitatissimum L.: A Focus on the Effect of Their Fixed Oil on the Peritoneal Fat
Authors: Abdel Raoof Gehan F. , Mahmoud Mourad Rasha M. , Mohamed Nagy Hala M.
Published: November 2024

The current research was undertaken to investigate the effect of fixed oils of Linum usitatissimum L. (flaxseed), Sesamum indicum L. (sesame), and Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seeds on the chemical profile and weight of the peritoneal fat of rats fed normal (10% fat) or high‐fat diet (HFD) (20% fat). Additionally, to analyze the phytoconstituents of these fixed oils, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was applied to analyze the experimental oils and the peritoneal fats. Our results revealed a remarkable effect of the experimental oils on the fatty acid profile of peritoneal fat in groups fed on HFD; they limited the increase in saturated fatty acids. Moreover, adding these oils to HFD limited the increase in body weight and decreased the percentage of peritoneal fat. In addition, oleic acid was the major fatty acid in sesame and flaxseed oils (44.2% and 33.69%, respectively). However, linolenic acid was represented as a major fatty acid in chia oil (50.69%). So, we can conclude that sesame, flaxseed, and chia oils can be used as a healthy oil source in food due to their nutritional benefits and remarkable role in controlling the adverse effect of HFD on the quantity and quality of peritoneal fat.
Assessment of Bioactivity of Homalomena aromatica Essential Oil From Northeast India Through Combinative In Vitro and In Silico Approaches
Authors: Gupta Tanmita , Jayaprakash Prajisha , Tamang Raghu , Sarma Neelav , Begum Twahira , Lal Mohan
Published: November 2024

Homalomena aromatica Schott is a valuable medicinal aromatic plant having wide range of applications in ethnobotany, pharmacology, perfumery and flavor industry. Traditionally, various part of H. aromatica such as leaves and rhizomes were applied to treat joint pain, skin diseases, colds, asthma, diarrhea, and jaundice. Whole herbs extracts are used to address muscle weakness, rheumatism, and allergies, purify the blood, treat deafness, and promote wound healing, especially in postpartum women. The present study is subjected to assess anti‐inflammatory, anti‐diabetic, tyrosinase inhibitory, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), antimicrobial, and genotoxic efficacies of H. aromatica rhizome essential oil (HAEO). To validate the findings of biological assays, in silico methods including Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) tool, target prediction, and molecular docking were employed. Using Clevenger apparatus dry rhizome of HAEO was extracted. The chemical profiling was performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) where HAEO yield was 1.09% ± 0.641% (v/w) with 12 compounds where linalool was identified as major compound (76.29%). Anti‐inflammatory activity showed IC50 value for protease inhibitory assay 19.59 µL/mL and albumin denaturation assay 32.16 µL/mL. The IC50 value for α‐amylase inhibitory activity showed 29.84 µL/mL, whereas tyrosinase inhibitory activity showed 73.62 µL/mL. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEase) activity revealed an IC50 value of 38.13 µL/mL. Antimicrobial activity showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 10 ± 0.47 and 45 ± 0.47 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Genotoxicity analysis showed HAEO has moderate toxic effect. In silico results identified six potential targets via Swiss target prediction: (AChE, CYP51, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor [PPAR], cyclooxygenase‐2 [COX‐2], and tyrosinase‐related protein 1 [TYRP1]). Additionally, molecular docking studies revealed Linalool −7.4 kcal/mol, Spathulenol −8.5 kcal/mol, aromadendrene oxide‐(2) −8.3 kcal/mol better docking scores. For the first time, this study reports on anti‐diabetic, anti‐tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities and genotoxicity of HAEO. In silico investigation supports these activities by evaluating binding affinities and interactions between compounds and their respective targets through molecular docking. From the current reports, HAEO can be used for development of natural drugs in near future.
Prospects of Corn (Zea mays L.) Polysaccharides: Structural Features, Bioactivities, and Applications
Authors: Xu Yi , Wang Yonghua , Wang Xiaoyue , Xu Yuyu , Tian Yang , Wang Ming
Published: November 2024

Over the past few years, the identification and study of bioactive and health‐promoting new ingredients from natural sources have garnered significant interest. Corn has increasingly come into focus due to its substantial nutritional and medicinal benefits. Research studies have shown that corn polysaccharide exhibits antitumor, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, renoprotective, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, and various other beneficial effects. Furthermore, variations in extraction materials and methods can result in differences in the structural and biological properties of corn polysaccharides. This article reviews the latest advancements in the extraction and purification techniques, structural characteristics, biological activities, structural modifications, and toxicological assessments of corn polysaccharides. The aim is to furnish evidence that supports the further development of corn polysaccharides as therapeutic agents and functional food ingredients.
Respiratory Failure Following a Venomous Snakebite: Importance of Ambu Bag Ventilation in a Poor‐Resource Setting
Authors: Matin Abdul , Sobuj Sarwar Alam , Saha Prity , Sami Chowdhury Adnan
Published: November 2024

Venomous snakebites are critical medical emergency. Most fatalities resulted from respiratory failure attributable to abrupt neuromuscular paralysis. A 35‐year‐old male was treated for a snakebite on the dorsum of his right foot, which occurred seven hours prior to hospital admission during sleep. The patient exhibited symptoms of headache, myalgia, extremity weakness, and altered consciousness. No hemorrhagic or myotoxic symptoms were observed. He subsequently had respiratory failure, necessitating emergency bedside intubation with an Ambu bag, followed by treatment initiated in the district hospital and continued in the intensive care unit of a medical college hospital. Timely diagnosis, immediate transport to a medical facility, and rapid bedside intubation can save the lives of individuals experiencing respiratory failure due to venomous snake bites.
Design Concepts of High‐Entropy Materials for Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Kaisheng , Li Jiaru , Li Liang , Chao Danming
Published: November 2024

Zinc‐ion batteries have emerged as strong candidates for replacing Li/Na‐ion batteries owing to their high safety and environmental friendliness. However, the large electrostatic repulsion between the cathode and Zn2+, the irreversible growth of zinc dendrites at the anode, and the hydrogen precipitation side reaction in the aqueous electrolyte have hindered the practical application of zinc ion batteries. Fortunately, the emergence of the revolutionary concept of high entropy has provided new opportunities for the development of battery materials. High‐entropy materials, with their unique atomic structures and uniform distribution of multiple elements, offer flexible options for material compositions and electronic structures, thus attracting significant attention in battery systems. In this concept article, we summarize the definitions and intrinsic structural characteristics of high‐entropy materials and provide a detailed overview of the latest design concepts from the perspectives of cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes. Finally, we outline the challenges faced by high‐entropy materials and potential solutions to guide researchers in developing efficient and stable zinc‐ion batteries.
Free‐Standing Nanocomposite Au@Graphene Oxide Continuous Flow Synthesis in Water for Degradation of Organic Dyes
Authors: Alotaibi Badriah M. , Chen Xianjue , Alharbi Thaar M. D. , Heydari Amir , Raston Colin L.
Published: November 2024

We have developed a rapid and facile method for preparing free‐standing nanocomposite of gold nanoparticles with graphene oxide (Au@GO) in water under continuous flow in the absence of harsh reducing agents and any other auxiliary substances, as a method with favourable green chemistry metrics. This uses a vortex fluidic device (VFD) where induced mechanical energy and photo‐contact electrification associated with the dynamic thin film in the rapidly rotating tube tilted at 45° while simultaneously UV irradiated (λ=254 nm, 20 W) results in decomposition of water to hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide with growth of the gold nanoparticles on the surface of the GO. We have established that the resulting Au@GO composite sheets rapidly catalyse the degradation of commercial dyes like methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) using the hydrogen peroxide generated in situ in the VFD. This process relies on active radicals generated through liquid‐solid photo‐contact electrification of water in the VFD which dramatically minimises the generation of waste in industrial applications, with the reaction having implications for wastewater treatment.
Supramolecular Chiral Assembly of Dendritic Amphiphiles in Aqueous Media
Authors: Yan Jiatao , Ren Liangxuan , Lu Xueting , Li Wen , Zhang Afang
Published: November 2024

Dendritic amphiphiles are a promising class of topological blocks for self‐assembly to construct chiral supramolecular aggregates in aqueous media. Their unique dendritic geometry, structure variability and multivalence can mediate the assemblies with versatile morphologies and functions. The bulky dendritic moieties also enable the appropriate association‐repulsion balance to control supramolecular growth, and simultaneously shield the assemblies with enhanced stabilities. Moreover, the crowded packing of dendritic segments facilitates the efficient chirality transfer from molecular level to supramolecular level, to achieve chirality amplification or enhancement. Dendritic moieties also provide chances to stabilize the assemblies in aqueous media through shielding and cooperative effects. The dendritic assemblies can be intriguingly made responsive to external stimuli including temperature, light, solvents or guests to switch their nanostructures or supramolecular chirality. Various dendritic amphiphiles bearing peptide or aromatic motifs have been reported in supramolecular chiral assembly, and their functional applications investigated. This review summarizes the significant progresses with a particular focus on the dendritic structural effects on supramolecular chiral assembly and the stimuli‐responsiveness in aqueous media.
A Photolockable Polyaromatic Capsule Designed via Regiochemical Substitution
Authors: Catti Lorenzo , Yasugami Shiina , Aoyama Shinji , Kishida Natsuki , Yoshizawa Michito
Published: November 2024

Photocontrol over host frameworks is an elegant way to manipulate host‐guest composites, yet the majority of previous systems suffer from long irradiation time and narrow guest scope, and are restricted to intramolecular photoreactions in organic solvents. Herein we present a photolockable polyaromatic capsule with high guest binding abilities in water. The capsule assembles from bent amphiphiles featuring two 2‐subsutituted anthracene panels, which shows high stability against dilution and undergoes intermolecular [4+4] photo‐oligomerization upon short light irradiation (<10 min). The photolocked capsule provides a roughly spherical framework, with an average, core diameter of ~3 nm, composed of amphiphilic oligomers (e. g., trimer). The new capsule shows improved host ability (up to 10‐fold) in water toward various hydrophobic compounds (e. g., organic and metal‐complex dyes), as compared with an analogous, non‐photolockable capsule with 9‐subsutituted anthracene panels. In addition, the resultant dye‐loaded capsules are also successfully photolocked via short irradiation with high retention of the bound dyes.
Isolation of a Staudinger‐type Intermediate Utilizing a Five‐Membered Phosphorus‐Centered Biradicaloid
Authors: Pilopp Y. , Bresien J. , Lüdtke K. P. , Schulz A.
Published: November 2024

The Staudinger reaction provides chemists with a valuable tool for the reduction of azides, which are notoriously unstable and can decompose explosively. By providing a controlled method for the conversion of azides to amines, the reaction opened up new avenues for the synthesis of various amine‐containing compounds that are widely used in natural products, pharmaceuticals and polymers. The Staudinger reaction begins with the nucleophilic attack of a trivalent phosphine (usually triphenylphosphine), leading to the formation of a triazenide intermediate, a highly reactive species. Here we report how a divalent phosphorus‐centered biradicaloid reacts with covalent azides and show that it is possible to capture and fully characterize the transient intermediate. The experimental data is supported by quantum chemical calculations of the reaction paths and in terms of thermodynamics and chemical bonding.
Imaging Dihydrogen Bond‐Driven Assembly of Borazine on Au(111)
Authors: Zeilerbauer Matthias , Thaler Marco , Obwaller Barbara , Ončák Milan , Patera Laerte L.
Published: November 2024

Dihydrogen bonding (DHB) is a peculiar type of attractive interaction occurring between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom and a partially negatively charged hydrogen atom. Borazine represents a prototypical molecule exhibiting dihydrogen bonding in both gas phase, as well as in its crystalline form. For borazine assemblies on solid surfaces, a direct observation and characterization of dihydrogen bonding has remained elusive, possibly due to an intricate interplay of substrate‐molecule and intermolecular interactions. Here we present evidence of dihydrogen bonding occurring in borazine assemblies on a Au(111) surface. By means of low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, we unveiled distinct configurations, exhibiting single and double dihydrogen bonding. Density functional theory calculations elucidate the interplay between substrate adsorption and intermolecular interactions to stabilize the formation of borazine dimers on Au(111). The dimers constitute the building blocks for the formation of larger assemblies.
Beyond Tuskegee: A contemporary qualitative assessment of barriers to research participation among Black women
Authors: Bontemps‐Jones Jeuneviette E. , McCullough Lauren E. , Kirkland Elizabeth G. , Teras Lauren R. , Briggs Peter , Whitt‐Glover Melicia C. , Arline‐Bradley Shavon , Winn Jamal , Lett Jason , Patel Alpa V.
Published: November 2024

Background

Health care inequities have partially contributed to the existing racial gaps in health. Despite having lower incidence rates of breast cancer, Black women have a 41% higher mortality rate than White women. Black individuals remain underrepresented in research. Diversity in research is paramount to the improvement of clinical care practices and subgroup‐specific guidelines.

Methods

Black women from various community venues across geographic regions of the United States were invited via email, online fliers, social media platforms, and word of mouth to participate in focus groups. Six online focus groups of six to 10 Black women aged 25–65 years (N = 38) with and without a history of cancer were conducted with an in‐depth semistructured discussion guide.

Results

Most participants were college educated (32 of 38; 84.2%), aged 50 years or older (31 of 38; 81.6%), and had an annual income of $50,000 or more (26 of 38; 68.4%). Several barriers to research participation were identified. They included a lack of empathy and respect in health care settings, apprehension regarding the sharing of personal information, mistrust of medical research, and logistical/technical barriers. Alternatively, building individual and community trust and communicating the value of conducting research beneficial to the Black community were viewed as facilitators to research participation.

Conclusions

Successful engagement of Black women in research requires the acknowledgment and consideration of the numerous barriers that affect their ability to participate. Black women are more inclined to participate in research when the research team is knowledgeable, has experience within their communities, and engages trusted community partners. Additionally, the research must be meaningful and impactful to future generations of Black women.
Development of a Master Equation‐Based Microkinetic Model to Investigate Gas Phase Cluster Reactions Across a Wide Pressure and Temperature Range
Authors: Szalay Máté , Höltzl Tibor
Published: November 2024

Small gas‐phase metal clusters serve as model systems for complex catalytic reactions, enabling the exploration of the impacts of the size, doping, charge state and other factors under clean conditions. Although the mechanisms of reactions involving metal clusters are known in many cases, they are not always sufficient to interpret the experimental results, as those can be strongly influenced by the chemical kinetics under specific conditions. Therefore, our objective here is to develop a model that utilizes quantum chemical computations to comprehend and predict the precise kinetics of gas‐phase cluster reactions, particularly under low‐pressure conditions. In this study, we demonstrate that master equation simulations, utilizing reaction paths computed through quantum chemistry, can effectively elucidate the findings of previous experiments. Furthermore, these simulations can accurately predict the kinetics spanning from low‐pressure conditions (typically observed in gas‐phase cluster experiments) to atmospheric or higher pressures (typical for catalytic experiments). The models are tested for simple elementary steps (Cu4+H2). We highlight the importance of the reaction mechanism simplification in Cu4++H2 and provide an interpretation for the previously observed product branching in Pt++CH4.
Rational Molecular Design of Indeno[1,2‐b]Quinoxaline‐Based Passivators with Multifunctional Groups to Effectively Retard Recombination and Enhance Voc in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Ying‐Sheng , Chen Chih‐Ping , Lin Chun‐Yu , Jiang Bing‐Huang , Wu Kuan‐Chang , Chow Tahsin J. , Jay Chang Yuan
Published: November 2024

Three indeno[1,2‐b]quinoxaline‐based passivators (CQs) with different functionalities including ketone, malononitrile, nitrile, and amine were prepared and used as passivators in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). All of them exhibit good thermal stability with low cost and ease preparation. The variation in molecular geometries, in planar and spiro‐shaped designs with appropriate functional groups, highlights a comparison between their passivation properities. The CQs can effectively passivate defects in the perovskite layer associated with unsaturated Pb2+ coordination. This leads to enhanced perovskite grain size, improved short‐circuit current (Jsc), and reduced recombination, thereby increasing the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) values of PSCs. The use of spiro‐shaped CQ‐Spiro as a passivator results in optimal performance, with Jsc of 24.72 mA cm−2, Voc of 1.14 V, fill factor of 0.76, and a corresponding overall conversion efficiency of 21.42 % (compared to the control device with Spiro‐OMeTAD, which has an efficiency of 16.95 %). After 264 hours operation, the device can maintain 89.6 % of original efficiency. It is demonstrated that spiro‐shaped derivatives of CQ‐Spiro containing multifunctional groups with Lewis base properties can provide another promising choice for passivators in PSCs.
Halogen Thermochemistry Assessed with Density Functional Theory: Systematic Errors, Swift Corrections and Effects on Electrochemistry
Authors: Zapata Jhon Faber , Urrego‐Ortiz Ricardo , Builes Santiago , Calle‐Vallejo Federico
Published: November 2024

Despite its sizable errors, density functional theory (DFT) is extensively used to evaluate thermochemical properties of gases, liquids and their interfaces with solids. As numerous halogen‐containing compounds appear as reactants, products and/or electrolytes in electrochemical reactions, and ionic effects are currently an active area of research, it is important to evaluate the accuracy of DFT for halogen thermochemistry. Herein, we assess the formation energies of interhalogens, hydrogen halides, diatomic and atomic halogens and their ions using six widespread functionals at the GGA, meta‐GGA and hybrid levels. We observe that DFT errors with respect to experiments are correlated with the electronegativity of the species and there are systematic trends across functionals, such that swift corrections were devised. Specifically, the average of the mean absolute errors for the six functionals decreased from 0.19 eV before the corrections to 0.08 eV after them. Besides, the overall maximum absolute error (MAX) decreased from 0.76 to 0.44 eV and the average of the MAXs decreased from 0.51 to 0.24 eV. Finally, we illustrate the qualitative and quantitative impact of gas‐phase errors on the predictions of surface Pourbaix diagrams.
Prospective feasibility of a minimal BH3 profiling assay in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Pacchiardi Kim , de Marcellus Victoire , Huynh Tony , Fodil Sofiane , Kim Rathana , Bello Reinaldo dal , Fontaine Morgane , Lonchamp Catherine , Chat Laureen , Aguinaga Lorea , Lengliné Etienne , Sébert Marie , Raffoux Emmanuel , Adès Lionel , Dombret Hervé , Clappier Emmanuelle , Puissant Alexandre , Mathis Stéphanie , Chauvel Clémentine , Itzykson Raphael
Published: November 2024

BH3 profiling can assess global mitochondrial priming and dependence of leukemic cells on specific BH3 anti‐apoptotic proteins such as BCL‐2. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), proof‐of‐concept prognostic studies have been performed on archived samples variably accounting for molecular genetics. We undertook a single‐center feasibility study of a simplified flow‐based assay to determine the absolute mitochondrial priming and BCL‐2 dependence in consecutive AML patients. When possible, results on the leukemic fraction were normalized to the cognate lymphocyte population (relative priming and BCL‐2 dependence). Samples from 97 (89.8%) of the 108 referred patients were successfully processed. Relative priming and BCL‐2 dependence could be determined in 62 (67.4%) and 67 (62.0%) samples, respectively. Absolute mitochondrial priming was lower in patients having previously failed intensive chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy‐naïve patients (p = 0.01), but its prognostic impact was limited. Conversely, relative BCL‐2 independence tended to predict worse EFS (HR = 2.51, p = 0.07) and OS (HR = 2.79, p = 0.10) independently of adverse genetic risk. Our results show that simplified BH3 profiling can be prospectively assessed in AML patients but that its prognostic use may require internal normalization. Future studies should compare its relevance with other functional assays such as ex vivo drug testing or BH3 protein expression.
Everyday functioning as a predictor of cognitive status in a group of community‐dwelling, predominantly Black adults
Authors: Runk Ashlyn , Butters Meryl A. , Rosso Andrea L. , Dubowitz Tamara , Troxel Wendy M. , Rodakowski Juleen , Gary‐Webb Tiffany L. , Haas Ann , Ghosh‐Dastidar Bonnie , Weinstein Andrea M.
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

We examined whether the Performance Assessment of Self‐Care Skills (PASS) and Everyday Cognition Scale‐12 (ECog‐12) dichotomized cognitive groups in a sample of predominantly Black adults.

METHODS

Two hundred forty‐six community‐dwelling adults (95% Black, age 50+) completed cognitive testing, the PASS, and the ECog. Cognitive groups (probable vs unlikely cognitive impairment) were determined by performance on the Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination. We examined the predictive validity of the PASS shopping, medication management, and information retrieval subtests and the ECog‐12 to dichotomize cognitive groups.

RESULTS

Performance on all PASS subtests (all p’s < .05) differed between cognitive groups, but not ECog‐12 (p = 0.17). Only the PASS shopping and medication management had good reliability for determining cognitive group (areas under the curve (AUCs) of .74 each).

DISCUSSION

PASS shopping and medication management exhibited adequate predictive validity when distinguished between cognitive status groups, whereas the PASS information retrieval and ECog‐12 did not.

Highlights

Mild functional decline is a core diagnostic criterion for cognitive impairment.

Performance‐based assessments are a valuable tool for assessing functional decline.

Most performance‐based measures were developed using homogenous samples.

Few studies have validated these measures in other racial and ethnic populations.
Challenges in the Cytodiagnosis of Intraparotid Schwannoma
Authors: Sinehaa Sabari , Jain Surabhi , Sood Rachit , Manchanda Smita , Thakar Alok , Kakkar Aanchal
Published: November 2024

Clear cell tumors of parotid gland encompass a wide spectrum of neoplasms, including benign and malignant epithelial neoplasms. Additionally, tumors from adjacent structures such as paraganglioma, and metastatic neoplasms may also show clear cells. Overlapping cytological features may cause difficulty in diagnosis. This 50‐year‐old female presented with inability to close the right eye for 4 years, and with an infra‐auricular swelling. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) done outside was submitted for review with a diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor. Smears showed clusters of tumor cells with abundant vacuolated cytoplasm and uniform round to ovoid nuclei. Features were those of salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential, that is Milan category IVB: cellular neoplasm with clear cell features, with differential diagnoses of myoepithelial cell neoplasms, acinic cell carcinoma and paraganglioma. FNAC repeated for better characterization showed similar polygonal cells, accompanied by few spindle‐shaped cells with ovoid nuclei, suggestive of paraganglioma. However, DOTANOC uptake was absent. Patient underwent radical parotidectomy; intraoperative frozen section showed a spindle cell tumor. Final histopathology revealed an intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma. The tumor was multi‐nodular, with some nodules being composed almost entirely of polygonal cells with clear cytoplasm, that is, Antoni B areas, and others showing typical Antoni A areas admixed with Antoni B areas. Parotid FNAC has high accuracy for diagnosis of epithelial lesions; however, mesenchymal tumors often pose a diagnostic difficulty. Intraparotid schwannoma is not uncommon and may be diagnosed easily on FNAC when morphology is classical. However, intra‐tumoral heterogeneity and less common histological subtypes may present a pitfall in cytodiagnosis.
Eco‐phenotypic feedback loops differ in multistressor environments
Authors: Govaert Lynn , Klauschies Toni
Published: November 2024

Natural communities are exposed to multiple environmental stressors, which simultaneously impact the population and trait dynamics of the species embedded within these communities. Given that certain traits, such as body size, are known to rapidly respond to environmental change, and given that they can strongly influence the density of populations, this raises the question of whether the strength of the eco‐phenotypic feedback loop depends on the environment, and whether stressful environments would enhance or disrupt this feedback or causal linkage. We use two competing freshwater ciliates—Colpidium striatum and Paramecium aurelia—and expose their populations to a full‐factorial design of increasing salinity and temperature conditions as well as interspecific competition. We found that salinity, temperature, and competition significantly affected the density and cell size dynamics of both species. Cell size dynamics strongly influenced density dynamics; however, the strength of this eco‐phenotypic feedback loop weakened in stressful conditions and with interspecific competition. Our study highlights the importance of studying eco‐phenotypic dynamics in different environments comprising stressful abiotic conditions and species interactions.
Cardiac remodelling in the era of the recommended four pillars heart failure medical therapy
Authors: Colombo Giada , Biering‐Sorensen Tor , Ferreira Joao P. , Lombardi Carlo Mario , Bonelli Andrea , Garascia Andrea , Metra Marco , Inciardi Riccardo M.
Published: November 2024

Cardiac remodelling is a key determinant of worse cardiovascular outcome in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). It affects both the left ventricle (LV) structure and function as well as the left atrium (LA) and the right ventricle (RV). Guideline recommended medical therapy for HF, including angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptors II blockers/angiotensin receptor blocker‐neprilysin inhibitors (ACE‐I/ARB/ARNI), beta‐blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) and sodium‐glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), have shown to improve morbidity and mortality in patients with HFrEF. By targeting multiple pathophysiological pathways, foundational HF therapies are supposed to drive their beneficial clinical effects by a direct myocardial effect. Simultaneous initiation of guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT) through a synergistic effect promotes a ‘reverse remodelling’, leading to a full or partial recovered structure and function by enhancing systemic neurohumoral regulation and energy metabolism, reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis, lowering oxidative stress and inflammation and adverse extracellular matrix deposition. The aim of this review is to describe how these classes of drugs can drive reverse remodelling in the LV, LA and RV and improve prognosis in patients with HFrEF.
Construction of Sulfur(IV)‐Chiral Six‐Membered Heterocycles by Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric (4+2) Dipolar Cyclization
Authors: Xiong Fen‐Ya , Pan Su‐Rui , Wang Bao‐Cheng , Li Yu‐Jie , Shi Jun‐Wei , Xiao Wen‐Jing , Lu Liang‐Qiu
Published: November 2024

Chiral sulfur‐containing compounds play an important role in asymmetric catalysis and synthesis, chiral pharmaceuticals, and chiral materials. While great progress has been made in the synthesis of these compounds, the asymmetric catalytic synthesis of chiral sulfur‐containing heterocycles remains relatively limited compared to acyclic ones. In this study, we successfully report an efficient and highly selective synthesis of structurally diverse chirality‐at‐sulfur(IV) six‐membered heterocycles under mild conditions via a Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric (4+2) dipolar cyclization. More importantly, these products enable the enantioselective preparation of a variety of other S‐stereogenic derivatives.
Tire Pressure Monitoring System Using Feature Fusion and Family of Lazy Classifiers
Authors: Pandey Arpit , Naveen Venkatesh Sridharan , Anoop Prabhakaranpillai Sreelatha , Manju B. R. , Sugumaran Vaithiyanathan
Published: November 2024

The tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) is crucial for road safety, fuel efficiency, and vehicle performance. This study focuses on nitrogen‐filled pneumatic tires due to their uniform pressure management and thermal stability advantages over air‐filled tires. Using machine learning, the research analyzes TPMS data to enhance understanding of tire behavior and vehicle safety. It employs various feature extraction methods and lazy‐based classifiers to analyze vibration signals collected under idle, high‐speed, normal, and puncture conditions using MEMS accelerometers. The study examines autoregressive moving average (ARMA), histogram, and statistical features individually and in combinations (statistical‐histogram, histogram‐ARMA, statistical‐ARMA, and statistical‐histogram‐ARMA) to improve predictive accuracy. By integrating these features, the study aims to optimize predictive modeling of TPMS. Empirically, the research achieved 97.92% accuracy using the local weighted learning (LWL) algorithm, demonstrating the effectiveness of combined statistical, histogram, and ARMA features in enhancing TPMS predictive capabilities.
Ionic liquid pretreatment of sweet sorghum bagasse to improve fermentable sugars and platform chemicals obtained from subcritical water hydrolysis
Authors: Bragato Carolina A. , Draszewski Crisleine P. , Celante Dian , Brondani Michel , Frizzo Clarissa P. , de Castilhos Fernanda , Abaide Ederson R. , Mayer Flávio D.
Published: November 2024

Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) is a promising feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production because of its composition and productivity. The use of SSB pretreated with 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) before subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH) aiming the production of fermentable sugars and platform chemicals was investigated. Modifications in the composition of SSB at different conditions (100°C and 120°C; 2, 4, and 6 h) were evaluated by the thermogravimetric analysis. Sequentially, pretreated SSB was submitted to subcritical water hydrolysis, whose conditions were 220°C and 260°C, and solvent/feed ratios of 80 and 100 g water/g sample (R‐80 and R‐100) were considered. Maximum enrichment in hemicellulose content and minimum cellulose content was reached in 2 h for pretreatment at 100°C. SSB pretreated with [Bmim]Cl presented enrichment in hemicellulose content from 37.95 to 90.07%, and a 76.9% reduction in lignin content. Therefore, pretreated SSB from this condition was submitted to SWH, resulting in 19.18 g of fermentable sugars per 100 g of sample at 220°C and R‐100. The yield of fermentable sugars using SSB pretreated with [Bmim]Cl increased 2.05 times compared with unpretreated under the same condition of SWH (220°C/R‐100/10 min). The higher platform chemicals production from pretreated SSB was 15.25 g per 100 g of sample at 220°C and R‐80, lower when compared with untreated SSB at 220°C and R‐100. Optimizing the solvent/feed ratio is crucial for balancing fermentable sugar and platform chemical production via SWH. [Bmim]Cl pretreatment and ratio optimization enhance product yields significantly.
Hypnea musciformis Seaweed Extract Protected Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Oxidative Stress Through NRF2 Activation
Authors: Goutas Andreas , Goutzourelas Nikolaos , Kevrekidou Alkistis , Kevrekidis Dimitrios Phaedon , Malea Paraskevi , Virgiliou Christina , Assimopoulou Andreana N. , Trachana Varvara , Kollatos Nikolaos , Moustafa Tafa , Liu Ming , Lin Xiukun , Komiotis Dimitrios , Stagos Dimitrios
Published: November 2024

Previous studies have shown that Hypnea musciformis seaweed extracts (HMEs) possess antioxidant properties, but the molecular mechanisms accounting for this activity are not known. Thus, the present study investigated the molecular mechanisms through which HME exerted its antioxidant activity in human mesenchymal stem cells (WJ‐MSCs). After the isolation of HME, its chemical composition was analyzed with gas chromatography mass spectrometry, indicating that it contained amino acids, organic acids, organic amides, sugar alcohols, saturated fatty acids, hydrogenated diterpene alcohols, and other organic compounds. Afterward, HME was shown in vitro to scavenge DPPH·, ABTS·+, ·OH, and O2·− radicals, possess reducing activity, and protect from ROO·‐induced DNA strand breakage. Finally, the results showed that HME treatment of WJ‐MSCs prevented H2O2‐induced oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, reactive oxygen species levels, and DNA damage and by increasing glutathione levels. Moreover, our findings showed for the first time that HME's antioxidant activity in WJ‐MSCs was mediated through the activation of NRF2, which upregulated the expression of the antioxidant proteins GCLC, GSR, HMOX1, SOD1, TXN, and GPX1. These results provide new insights into H. musciformis' antioxidant properties, which could help substantially its use as a food supplement or for developing biofunctional foods.
Accelerating Heritability, Genetic Correlation, and Genome‐Wide Association Imaging Genetic Analyses in Complex Pedigrees
Authors: Donohue Brian , Gao Si , Nichols Thomas E. , Adhikari Bhim M. , Ma Yizhou , Jahanshad Neda , Thompson Paul M. , McMahon Francis J. , Humphries Elizabeth M. , Burroughs William , Ament Seth A. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Ma Tianzhou , Chen Shuo , Medland Sarah E. , Blangero John , Hong L. Elliot , Kochunov Peter
Published: November 2024

National and international biobanking efforts led to the collection of large and inclusive imaging genetics datasets that enable examination of the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to human brains in illness and health. High‐resolution neuroimaging (~104–6 voxels) and genetic (106–8 single nucleotide polymorphic [SNP] variants) data are available in statistically powerful (N = 103–5) epidemiological and disorder‐focused samples. Performing imaging genetics analyses at full resolution afforded in these datasets is a formidable computational task even under the assumption of unrelatedness among the subjects. The computational complexity rises as ~N2–3 (where N is the sample size), when accounting for relatedness among subjects. We describe fast, non‐iterative simplifications to accelerate classical variance component (VC) methods including heritability, genetic correlation, and genome‐wide association in dense and complex empirical pedigrees. These approaches linearize (from N2–3 to N~1) computational effort while maintaining fidelity (r ~ 0.95) with the VC results and take advantage of parallel computing provided by central and graphics processing units (CPU and GPU). We show that the new approaches lead to a 104‐ to 106‐fold reduction in computational complexity—making voxel‐wise heritability, genetic correlation, and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) analysis practical for large and complex samples such as those provided by the Amish and Human Connectome Projects (N = 406 and 1052 subjects, respectively) and UK Biobank (N = 31,681). These developments are shared in open‐source, SOLAR‐Eclipse software.
Using Evidenced‐Based Design to Support Gang‐Impacted Students in an Urban Community College: Lessons From the Phoenix Scholars Program
Authors: Huerta Adrian H. , Muñoz Mike , Torre‐Iniguez Sonia De La , Ibarra‐Virgen Jose
Published: November 2024

In this manuscript, we offer a brief understanding of the educational experiences of gang‐impacted students in K‐12 and postsecondary education. Using evidence‐based and interconnected support systems that account for the multifaceted needs of gang‐impacted students, such as basic needs, mental health, workforce development, technology, and other resources, we then focus on the necessary institutional and programmatic practices to design and support them to thrive and graduate from an urban community college.
Quantifying Hydraulic Geometry and Whitewater Coverage for Steep Proglacial Streams to Support Process‐Based Stream Temperature Modelling
Authors: Dufficy A. L. , Eaton B. C. , Moore R. D.
Published: November 2024

At‐a‐station hydraulic geometry (AASHG) relationships describe the dependence of a river's width, mean depth and mean velocity on discharge at a given location, and are typically modelled as power‐law functions. They are often used when modelling stream temperature under unsteady flow conditions. Deriving AASHG relationships is challenging for steep proglacial streams due to the combination of complex morphology and velocity distributions, and rapidly varying flow. The objective of this study was to combine tracer injections with drone‐based photogrammetry to derive AASHG relationships for a steep proglacial channel and to quantify whitewater coverage and its relationship with discharge to support process‐based stream temperature modelling. Velocity–discharge and width–discharge relationships were reasonably well characterised using power‐law functions, but varied amongst sub‐reaches. Whitewater coverage as a fraction of total stream surface area generally exceeded 50% for the range of flows sampled, and exhibited a statistically significant positive relationship with discharge, which varied amongst sub‐reaches. For the range of flows captured during drone flights, the relationship could be represented by a linear function. However, an asymptotic model would be required to extend the relationship to higher flows. The magnitude of whitewater coverage indicates that the albedo of the stream should be substantially higher than values typically used in stream temperature models, and the relationship with discharge means that ongoing glacier retreat, and the associated reduction in summer discharge, should result in lower albedo and higher downstream warming rates, reinforcing the effects of decreasing velocity and mean depth as flows decline.
Modelling Seasonal Variability in Parameters Defining Volumetric Water Content in a Low Permeability Soil in Central Illinois: An Application of MODFLOW‐6 and the Unsaturated Zone Flow Package
Authors: Krasowski Michael P. , Gulsen Esra , Jones Allan E. , Abrams Daniel B.
Published: November 2024

Increasing interest in solute transport phenomena in agricultural systems on a sub‐annual basis necessitates a better understanding of seasonal changes in natural systems and how these changes can be incorporated into modelling. A better understanding of the seasonal timing of nutrient loading in tile drained agricultural systems in particular is essential for efforts trying to replicate or predict the occurrence of harmful algal blooms. Literature exists showing there are seasonal dynamics (freeze–thaw, plant‐root processes, land management practices, etc.) that may cause changes in the hydraulic properties of the soil zone including hydraulic conductivity and porosity. To test whether these changes are important in an agricultural system, a MODFLOW‐6 model using the unsaturated zone flow package was constructed. The simulation was comprised of separate, seasonal models to be run sequentially with each year being broken into a winter and summer seasons. As part of this architecture, model parameters representing soil hydraulic properties were allowed to vary by season. The model was calibrated against soil moisture observations at multiple depths using a genetic algorithm machine learning technique. The parameters of the sub‐models were compared for the winter and summer seasons. Brook‐Corey epsilon, saturated vertical conductivity, saturated volumetric water content and residual volumetric water content were found to be consistently different between the modelled summer and winter periods. A more traditional model which did not allow hydraulic properties to vary seasonally was also run and compared to the seasonal architecture and the seasonal architecture was found to improve simulation results. The hydrologic dynamics of the unsaturated zone—particularly in tile drained agricultural systems—control the residence time for water and solutes, which is critical for in‐field chemical processes such as denitrification. This work has important implications for seasonal transport phenomena in agricultural systems and improving the simulation and prediction of harmful algal blooms.
Salirasib Inhibits the Expression of Genes Involved in Fibrosis in Fibroblasts of Systemic Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Sadeghi Shaker Mina , Rokni Mohsen , Kavosi Hoda , Enayati Samaneh , Madreseh Elham , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Farhadi Elham , Vodjgani Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Background

Fibrosis is a principal sign of systemic sclerosis (SSc) which can affect several organs including the lung, heart, and dermis. Dermal fibroblasts of SSc patients are characterized by persistent and activated Ras and ERK1/2 signaling which stimulates extreme collagen and extracellular matrix synthesis. Salirasib is a Ras inhibitor that competitively prevents the adherence of GTP‐bound Ras to the plasma membrane, that inhibits Ras signaling. This study intended to clarify whether salirasib can influence fibrotic mediators in SSc fibroblasts.

Materials and Methods

Dermal fibroblasts from 10 SSc patients were treated with salirasib in the presence of TGF‐β1, and mRNA levels of H‐Ras and genes related to fibrosis, such as COL1A1, COL1A2, CTGF, TGF‐β1, fibronectin, ACTA2, and MMP1 was measured by real‐time PCR. The α‐SMA protein expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining.

Results

In dermal fibroblasts of SSc patients, salirasib treatment, markedly downregulated the H‐Ras gene expression. In addition, the protein expression of α‐SMA and gene expression of ACTA2 were inhibited upon salirasib treatment. Salirasib also significantly reduced the expression of COL1A1, and COL1A2 genes and augmented the gene expression of MMP1. The mRNA levels of other genes related to fibrosis such as FN1, CTGF, and TGF‐β1 were significantly decreased upon salirasib treatment.

Conclusion

Considering salirasib significantly reduced the expression of genes related to the fibrosis process and α‐SMA gene and protein expression, and given significant upregulation of MMP1 by salirasib, it can be considered as a new curative strategy for fibrotic diseases like SSc.
Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy occurrence: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Brim Ana Carolina Sarmento , Barretto Victor Rivera Duran , Reis‐Oliveira José Guilherme , da Silveira de Araújo Renata Balthazar , Romeo Ana Célia Diniz Cabral Barbosa
Published: November 2024

Background

Given the high incidence of ectopic pregnancy (EP) in the general population and the high maternal morbidity and mortality rates associated with it, determining risk factors for the occurrence of EP is essential for directing attention and care to risk groups, aiming for early diagnosis, favorable outcomes, and the development of prevention strategies.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for the occurrence of EP.

Search Strategy

A systematic review with meta‐analysis was performed on the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, The Cochrane Library, and Virtual Health Library (VHL), searching the following terms "Ectopic Pregnancy" or "Ectopic Gestation" and "Risk Factors" or "Predisposing Factors".

Selection Criteria

The inclusion criteria were observational studies published in English and Portuguese. We excluded studies with undefined methodology and those published before the year 2000.

Data Collection and Analysis

The authors independently read the titles, abstracts, and full texts, using pre‐defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and discussed any differences. Data extraction and assessment of methodological quality were performed by each author in a standardized way. Sixteen risk factors were evaluated. The meta‐analysis calculations were performed using the Reviewer Manager 5.3 software (RevMan 5.3).

Main Results

The study found 715 studies, of which 11 were selected for review. The surveys were conducted between 2003 and 2019 and included 25 051 patients. The study revealed that several factors were strongly associated with the occurrence of EP. These included EP history (OR 9.03; 95% CI: 7.18–11.35; I2 = 67%), pelvic inflammatory disease (OR 4.00; 95% CI: 3.46–4.61; I2 = 0%), infertility (OR 3.70; 95% CI: 3.23–4.23; I2 = 48%), abdominal and pelvic surgeries (OR 5.60; 95% CI: 4.83–6.49; I2 = 81%), and previous tubal ligation (OR 5.59; 95% CI: 2.49–12.55; I2 = 0%). Furthermore, the study showed that advanced maternal age, smoking, number of partners exceeding one, history of spontaneous and induced abortion, previous use of emergency contraception, and intrauterine device, demonstrated a slightly increased risk. Advanced maternal age within the range of 30–34 years (OR 1.13; 95% CI: 1.03–1.24; I1 = 11%) and ≥ 40 years (OR 1.46; 95% CI: 1.19–1.78; I1 = 88%), marital status (OR 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03–1.37; I2 = 88%), and the use of oral contraceptives (OR 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66–0.90; I2 = 86%) were also found to be associated with a slightly increased or decreased risk of EP, respectively. The impact of condom use on the occurrence of EP seems to be very limited (OR 0.93; 95% CI: 0.83–1.05; I2 = 83%).

Conclusion

Based on the study findings, it is suggested that the presence of strong risk factors warrants the implementation of a screening policy for EP among these women.