bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic Clinical Decision Support for Children with Minor Head Trauma and Intracranial Injuries: A Sociotechnical Analysis
Authors: Greenberg Jacob K , Otun Ayodamola , Nasraddin Azzah , Brownson Ross C , Kuppermann Nathan , Limbrick David D , Yen Po-Yin , Foraker Randi E
Published: October 2020

Background: Current management of children with minor head trauma (MHT) and intracranial injuries is not evidence-based and may place some children at risk of harm. Evidence-based electronic clinical decision support (CDS) for management of these children may improve patient safety and decrease resource use. To guide these efforts, we evaluated the sociotechnical environment impacting the implementation of electronic CDS, including workflow and communication, institutional culture, and hardware and software infrastructure, among other factors. Methods: Between March and May, 2020 semi-structured qualitative focus group interviews were conducted to identify sociotechnical influences on CDS implementation. Physicians from neurosurgery, emergency medicine, critical care, and pediatric general surgery were included, along with information technology specialists. Participants were recruited from nine health centers in the United States. Focus group transcripts were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. The final themes were then cross-referenced with previously defined sociotechnical dimensions.Results: We included 28 physicians and four information technology specialists in seven focus groups (median five participants per group). Five physicians were trainees and 10 had administrative leadership positions. Through inductive thematic analysis, we identified five primary themes: 1) clinical impact; 2) stakeholders and users; 3) tool content; 4) clinical practice integration; and 5) post-implementation evaluation measures. Participants generally supported using CDS to determine an appropriate level-of-care for these children. However, some had mixed feelings regarding how the tool could best be used by different specialties (e.g. use by neurosurgeons versus non-neurosurgeons). Feedback from the interviews helped refine the tool content and also highlighted potential technical and workflow barriers to address prior to implementation. Conclusions: We identified key factors impacting the implementation of electronic CDS for children with MHT and intracranial injuries. These results have informed our implementation strategy and may also serve as a template for future efforts to implement health information technology in a multidisciplinary, emergency setting.
Mechanistic Insights Into the Role of the Chemokine CCL2/CCR2 Axis in Dorsal Root Ganglia to Peripheral Inflammation and Pain Hypersensitivity
Authors: Dansereau Marc-André , Midavaine Élora , Bégin-Lavallée Valérie , Belkouch Mounir , Beaudet Nicolas , Longpré Jean-Michel , Mélik-Parsadaniantz Stéphane , Sarret Philippe
Published: October 2020

Background: Pain is reported as the leading cause of disability in the common forms of inflammatory arthritis conditions. Acting as a key player in nociceptive processing, neuroinflammation and neuron-glia communication, the chemokine CCL2/CCR2 axis holds great promise for controlling chronic painful arthritis. Here, we investigated how the CCL2/CCR2 system in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) contributes to the peripheral inflammatory pain sensitization.Methods: Repeated intrathecal (i.t.) administration of the CCR2 antagonist, INCB3344 was tested for its ability to reverse the nociceptive-related behaviors in the tonic formalin and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) inflammatory models. We further determined by qPCR the expression of CCL2/CCR2, SP and CGRP in DRG neurons from CFA-treated rats. Using DRG explants, acutely dissociated primary sensory neurons and calcium mobilization assay, we also assessed the release of CCL2 and sensitization of nociceptors. Finally, we examined by immunohistochemistry following nerve ligation the axonal transport of CCL2, SP and CGRP from the sciatic nerve of CFA-treated rats.Results: We first found that CFA-induced paw oedema provoked an increase in CCL2/CCR2 and SP expression in ipsilateral DRGs, which was decreased after INCB3344 treatment. This upregulation in pronociceptive neuromodulators was accompanied by an enhanced nociceptive neuron excitability on days 3 and 10 post-CFA, as revealed by the CCR2-dependent increase in intracellular calcium mobilization following CCL2 stimulation. In DRG explants, we further demonstrated that the release of CCL2 was increased following peripheral inflammation. Finally, the excitation of nociceptors following peripheral inflammation stimulated the anterograde transport of SP at their peripheral nerve terminals. Importantly, blockade of CCR2 reduced sensory neuron excitability by limiting the calcium mobilization and subsequently decreased peripheral transport of SP towards the periphery. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of CCR2 reversed the pronociceptive action of CCL2 in rats receiving formalin injection and significantly reduced the neurogenic inflammation as well as the stimuli-evoked and movement-evoked nociceptive behaviors in CFA-treated rats.Conclusions: Our results provide significant mechanistic insights into the role of CCL2/CCR2 within the DRG in the development of peripheral inflammation, nociceptor sensitization and pain hypersensitivity. We further unveil the therapeutic potential of targeting CCR2 for the treatment of painful inflammatory disorders.
A Retrospective Study of Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin Combined with S-1 and Low-dose Oxaliplatin as First-Line Treatment for Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ma Jian , Yang Quanliang , Bi Yanzhi , Xiao Min , Li Xiaoqian , Zhao Qiu , Ye Wei , Ji Wenjing , Ling Yang
Published: October 2020

Background: At present, the first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer is oxaliplatin combined with fluorouracil (capecitabine or S-1). Is there a three-drug regimen in which the curative effect is higher than that of the two-drug regimen, but the side effects are not significantly increased? This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy and side effects of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) combined with S-1 and low-dose oxaliplatin as first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer.Methods: Advanced gastric cancer patients who received PLD combined with S-1 and low-dose oxaliplatin (D-SOX) or standard SOX as first-line chemotherapy from Jan 2015 to Dec 2018 were included in the study. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), response rate (RR), and safety were assessed. Results: A total of 52 patients were included in this study. There were 23 cases in D-SOX group and 29 cases in SOX group. The median PFS was 7.1 months (95% CI 5.66–8.54 months) in the SOX group and 9.1 months (95% CI 4.2–14.0 months) in the D-SOX group (P=0.036). The median OS was 12.5 months (95% CI 7.31–17.70 months) in the SOX group and 19.5 months (95% CI 16.23–22.7 months) in the D-SOX group (P=0.017). The incidence of treatment-related grade III-IV adverse events was no more than 10%. The incidence of neurotoxicity was significantly reduced in the D-SOX group.Conclusions: This study suggests that PLD combined with S-1 and low-dose oxaliplatin might be a safe and more effective treatment for advanced gastric cancer.
Identifying Factors Predicting Prolonged Rehabilitation After Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Takagawa Shu , Kobayashi Naomi , Yukizawa Yohei , Oishi Takayuki , Tsuji Masaki , Misumi Toshihiro , Inaba Yutaka
Published: October 2020

Background: Rehabilitation is an effective procedure for promoting functional recovery after simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA); however, it has been cited as the single largest economic burden of medical care spending. Risk factors affecting prolonged rehabilitation utilization after simultaneous bilateral TKA have not been identified. We hypothesized that preoperative factors, including age, sex, body mass index, living alone, the knee society function score (KSS), the American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, hemoglobin (Hb), albumin level, mean range of motion, and the Kellgren–Lawrence grade, would predict prolonged rehabilitation utilization.Methods: A total of 191 patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral TKA in a single hospital were enrolled. The successful compliance group included patients who completed their rehabilitation program and were able to return to their residence within 3 weeks after surgery (n=132), whereas the delayed group included the remaining patients (n=59). Logistic regression analysis was performed using preoperative factors. A prediction scoring system was created using the regression coefficients from the logistic regression model.Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed that age (β=-0.0870; P<0.01) and Hb (β=0.34; P<0.05) were significantly associated with prolonged rehabilitation programs, whereas body mass index (BMI), living alone, the KSS score, and the ASA class were not significantly associated with successful completion of rehabilitation programs; however, these factors contributed to the prediction scoring formula, which was defined as: score = 10 – (0.09×age) – (0.09×body mass index) – (0.56×living alone [alone: 1, others: 0]) + (0.03×KSS stairs) + (0.34×Hb) – (1.1×ASA class). The C-statistic for the scoring system was 0.748 (95% confidence interval, 0.672–0.824). The optimal cutoff point for balancing sensitivity and specificity was 3.5, with 66.6% sensitivity and 78.0% specificity.Conclusions: Older age and lower preoperative Hb were significantly associated with prolonged rehabilitation programs. We defined a new scoring formula using preoperative patient factors to predict prolonged rehabilitation utilization in patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral TKA.
Elevated ILC3s-related Inflammatory Factors May Promote Tendinopathy
Authors: Xu Peng , Yue Jiawei , Xu Xu , Wu Yumin
Published: October 2020

Background: The prevalence of tendinopathy has risen dramatically over the last few decades and has become a common and serious orthopedic problem in sports injury and elderly populations. Immune cells have been shown to be associated with tendinopathy, with the percentage of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC3s) having been shown to be upregulated in tendon tissue compared with peripheral blood. Materials and Methods: We used flow cytometry to investigate the percentage of circulating ILC3s in patients with tendinopathy and controls patients; Realtime-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA levels of ILC3s surface markers, CD45, IL-23R, ICOS and ILC3s-related inflammatory factors and transcription factors IL-17A, IL-22 and RORC in tendon samples. Results: Our results showed that the proportion of ILC3s in the peripheral blood circulation of patients with tendinopathy has no significant difference from that of controls by flow cytometry for Lin‑IL-2R+IL-23R + cells; however, the surface marker of ILC3s was upregulated in tendon tissue. In addition, IL-23, a characteristic activating factor of ILC3s, was also upregulated. Relative mRNA expression levels of IL-17A and IL-22 were also upregulated in tendinopathy tendon tissue compared to control patients. Conclusions: These results suggest that ILC3s may be a potential immune factor for tendinopathy.
A Case of Pulmonary Artery Sarcoma
Authors: Liu Yukang , Hu Yan , Han Wei , Tang Jingqun , Liang Qingchun , Wu Fang , Yu Fenglei , Liu Wenliang
Published: October 2020

Background: pulmonary artery sarcoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor. The prognosis of this very infrequent disease remains poor,and surgical resection is important for obtaining the best outcome.Case Presentation: A 51-year-old male patient presented to our clinic due to the finding of the isolated lung mass in the left lower lobe of the lung. Preoperative pulmonary artery computed tomographic angiography scans showed a mass with the in the left pulmonary artery and an isolated mass in the left dorsal segment of the lung (RS6).Under extracorporeal circulation the left pneumonectomy was performed, the surgical resection margins were confirmed to be tumor-free on frozen section and all lymph nodes were free of tumor. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) indicated the diagnosis of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomaConclusion: This case report describes a PAS which was successfully resected with pneumonectomy and concludes that biopsy may play a limited role in confirming the pathological type and pneumonectomy should be considered in the surgical treatment of PAS.
Adamantinoma-like Ewing Sarcoma in a Metatarsal Bone After Chemotherapy Treated with an Osteocutaneous Fibular Transfer: A Case Report.
Authors: Marais Yolandi Anne , Saini Aaron , Ferreira Nando , Reddy Kershinee , Zühlke Alexander , Rossouw Nelmarie , Zaharie Stefan Dan , Schubert Pawel Tomasz
Published: October 2020

Background: Adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma is a rare variant of Ewing sarcoma known to have cytokeratin expression and squamous differentiation. It occurs more commonly in the head and neck region with only a few cases reported in long bones of the limbs. It also harbours EWSR1-FLI1 gene fusion which is required for the diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma. We present a case of Ewing sarcoma that manifested Adamantinoma-like morphology only post chemotherapy. Chemotherapy has been reported to induce neuronal maturation and rhabdoid morphology in cases of Ewing sarcoma, but no reports of treatment induced squamous differentiation with P40/P63 expression have been demonstrated to date.Case presentation: An 11 year old boy presented with a one year history of an enlarging painless mass over the left first metatarsal. Initial biopsy showed Ewing sarcoma with typical morphological features and EWSR1 rearrangement confirmed on fluorescent in-situ hybridization. The patient underwent neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and a subsequent wide local excision with an ipsilateral pedicled osteocutaneous fibula transfer. Subsequent histological examination showed frank squamous differentiation in the soft tissue component with keratin pearl formation and P40/P63 expression which was not observed in the initial biopsy and is compatible with Adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma.Conclusion: This case describes Adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma with P40/P63 expression after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. This immunophenotype was not apparent on the initial biopsy. It remains uncertain as to the reason for this change. This variant carries a poorer clinical outcome compared to the more conventional variant and could pose a diagnostic challenge(s) particularly if it occurs in an older patient or as a metastatic lesion.
Whole-genome Sequencing of Two Streptomyces Strains Isolated From Sand Dunes of Sahara
Authors: Zerouki Chahira , Bensalah Farid , Kuittinen Suvi , Pappinen Ari , Turunen Ossi
Published: October 2020

Background. Sahara is one of the largest deserts in the world. The hard conditions especially high temperature and aridity lead to unique adaptation of organisms that could be a potential source of new metabolites. In this respect, two Saharan soils from El Oued Souf and Beni Abbes in Algeria were collected. The bacterial isolates were selected by screening the antibacterial, antifungal, and enzymatic activities. The whole genomes of the two native Saharan strains were sequenced to study the desert Streptomyces microbiology and ecology from genomic perspective. Results. The strains Babs14 (from Beni Abbes, Algeria) and Osf17 (from El Oued Souf, Algeria) were initially identified by 16S rRNA sequence as belonging to the Streptomyces genus. The whole genome sequencing of the two strains was performed by using Pacific Biosciences Sequel II technology (PacBio) and it showed that Babs14 and Osf17 have a linear chromosome of 8.00 Mb and 7.97 Mb, respectively. The number of identified proteins is 6910 in Babs14 and 6894 in Osf17. No plasmids were found in Babs14, whereas three plasmids were detected in Osf17 and no genome duplications were detected in the two strains. Although the strains have different phenotypes and are from different regions, they are slightly different from each other in protein sequence level but, differ more from their earlier published relatives. 29 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) coding for secondary metabolites were predicted in each strain indicating antifungal, antibiotic, and other activities of Babs14 and Osf17. Moreover, many other BGCs were related to biosynthesis of factors needed in response to environmental stress in temperature, UV light and osmolarity. Conclusion. The genome sequencing of Saharan Streptomyces strains revealed factors that are related to their adaptation to an extreme environment and stress conditions. The genome information gives tools to study the ecological adaptation in desert environment and to explore the bioactive compounds of these microorganisms. The two whole genome sequences are among the first ones for the Streptomyces genus of Algerian Sahara. The present research was undertaken as a first step to explore more profoundly the desert microbiome.
Molecular Characterization and Genomic Analysis of Novel Phage vB_ ShiP-A7 Infecting Multidrug-Resistant Shiglla Fexneri and Escherichia Coli
Authors: Xu Jing , Gu Yu , Yu Xinyan , Zhang Ruiyang , Zhang Xuesen , Liu Genyan , Liu Xiaoqiu
Published: October 2020

BackgroundPhage therapy has regained more attention due to the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Several case reports demonstrated clinical application of phage in resolving infections caused by MDR bacteria in recent years. ResultsWe isolated a new phage, vB_ShiP-A7, and then investigated its characteristics. Phage vB_ShiP-A7 is a member of Podoviridae that has an icosahedral spherical head and a short tail. vB_ShiP-A7 has large burst size and short replication time. vB_ShiP-A7’s genome is linear double stranded DNA composed of 40058 bp, encoding forty-three putative open reading frames. Comparative genome analysis demonstrated vB_ShiP-A7’s genome sequence is closely related to fifteen different phages (coverage 74-88%, identity 86-93%). Mass Spectrometry analysis revealed that twelve known proteins and six hypothetical proteins exist in particles of vB_ShiP-A7. Genome and proteome analyses confirmed the absence of lysogen-related proteins and toxic proteins in this phage. In addition, phage vB_ShiP-A7 can significantly reduce the growth of clinical MDR stains of Shigella ﬂexneri and Escherichia coli in liquid culture. Furthermore, vB_ShiP-A7 can disrupt biofilms formed by Shigella ﬂexneri or Escherichia coli in vitro. ConclusionPhage vB_ShiP-A7 is a stable novel phage, which has a strong application potential to inhibit MDR stains of Shigella ﬂexneri and Escherichia coli. Comparing the genomes between vB_ShiP-A7 and other closely-related phages will help us better understand the evolutionary mechanism of phages.
Up-regulated Expression of MTHFD2 Correlates with Favorable Prognosis in LGG Patients: A Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Shi Lu-feng , Zhang Qian , Shou Xiao-ying , Niu Huan-jiang
Published: October 2020

Background Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) was found to be up-regulated in various cancers and has been identified as a potential target for cancer treatment, but the potential function of MTHFD2 in low-grade gliomas (LGG) has not been well-examined. This study initially revealed the potential function of MTHD2 and emphasized its importance in LGG. Methods We first explored the expression of MTHFD2 in LGG patients using Oncomine and UALCAN database. Survival analysis on LGG patients was then conducted based on age, gender, radiation therapy, histologic grade, tumor type and MTHFD2 expression. Cox regression analysis was also applied to predict the prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) of LGG. Finally, we performed enrichment analysis to reveal the potential MTHFD2-associated pathways involved in LGG. Results We found that MTHFD2 is highly expressed in LGG patients, and MTHFD2 expression is related with age, sub-types and TP53-mutation status (all P<0.05). Age, radiation therapy, histologic grade and tumor type were implicated in the survival of LGG patients (all P<0.05). High expression of MTHFD2 desirably improved the prognosis of LGG patients (P<0.001), especially for those patients with characteristics of age≥45 years old (P<0.001), receiving radiation therapy treatment (P=0.001), sub-type of astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma (all P<0.05), and histologic grade 3 (P<0.05). MTHFD2 was determined as an independent prognostic factor with age and grade for OS of LGG patients (all P<0.01). Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that MTHFD2 mainly participates in mTOR signaling pathway, apelin pathway and folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism.Conclusions The expression of MTHFD2 is associated with key clinical phenotype. High expression of MTHFD2 is favorable for the overall survival of LGG patients. MTHFD2 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for LGG treatment.
Assessing the Impact of Corporate Entrepreneurship in the Financial Performance of Subsidiaries of Colombian Business Groups: Under Environmental Dynamism Moderation
Authors: Rodriguez-Peña Antonio
Published: October 2020

Corporate entrepreneurship creates opportunities in employment, technological advances, value creation, and cultural transformation for entrepreneurial ecosystems, entrepreneurs, governments, economies and society around the globe. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of corporate entrepreneurship on the financial performance of subsidiaries of Colombian business groups under the moderating effect of the environmental dynamism, because the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and financial performance in emerging economies must differ from developed economies. Using a cross-sectional structural equation modeling analysis, this study assessed the impact of entrepreneurial orientation and corporate venturing on the firm financial performance of 87 subsidiaries of Colombian business groups at different levels of environmental dynamism. This study confirms that the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and performance is context-dependent, and that entrepreneurial orientation has a strong and positive causal relationship to corporate venturing. Additionally, subsidiaries of Colombian business groups increase their financial performance when they increase entrepreneurial orientation and decrease financial performance when they increase corporate venturing. Furthermore, the results with and without environmental dynamism are similar. This paper would contribute to important areas in Latin America business where such studies are scarce.
Inhibition of DKC1  Induces Telomere-related Senescence and Apoptosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma 
Authors: Kan Guangyan , Wang Ziyang , Sheng Chunjie , Yao Chen , Mao Yizhi , Chen Shuai
Published: October 2020

BackgroundLung cancer is one the most widely spread cancers in the world and half of the non-small cell lung cancers are lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Although there were several drugs been approved for LUAD therapy, a large portion of LUAD still can not be successfully treated due to lack of available therapeutic targets. Here, we investigated the oncogenic roles of DKC1 in LUAD and explored the potential mechanism and the possibility for LUAD therapy. MethodsWe analyzed Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database and tissue microarray of LUAD. The expression of DKC1 and its correlation with prognosis were examined. In addition, Loss- and gain-of-function assays were used for oncogenic function of DKC1 both in vitro and in vivo.ResultsDKC1 is overexpressed in LUAD compared with normal tissues. High expression of DKC1 predicts the poor overall survival. Knockdown DKC1 in LUAD cell lines induced G1 phase arrest and inhibits cell proliferation. Ectopic expression of DKC1 could rescue the growth of LUAD cell lines. The abundance of DKC1 is positively correlated with TERC and TERT levels. DKC1 downregulation caused decreased TERC expression, reduced telomerase activity and shorten telomere, and thus eventually led to cell senescence and apoptosis.ConclusionsOur results show that high DKC1 expression indicates poor prognosis and DKC1 downregulation could induce telomere-related cell senescence and apoptosis. This study suggests that DKC1 could serve as a candidate diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for LUAD.
Computed tomography findings in a cohort of 169 dogs with elbow dysplasia
Authors: Ruszkowski Jakub Jędrzej , Hebel Mateusz , Panek Wojciech K. , Nabzdyk Maria , Niedzielski Dariusz , Pituch Katarzyna C. , Jackson Aaron M. , Kiełbowicz Maciej , Pomorska-Mól Małgorzata
Published: October 2020

Background: Canine elbow dysplasia (CED) is a complex developmental skeletal disorder associated with a number of pathological conditions within the cubital joint in dogs. Complex primary conditions associated with CED included medial coronoid disease without fragmented medial coronoid process, medial coronoid disease with fragmented medial coronoid process, osteochondrosis and/or osteochondrosis dissecans, ununited anconeal process, and joint incongruency and may be identified separately as a singular cause of elbow dysplasia, or occur as a combination of lesions presented simultaneously. The objective of this study was to assess the percentage prevalence of different components of CED in dogs suffering from this condition with the use of CT imaging. In addition, the correlations between various CED lesions and demographic features of the tested dogs were investigated. Results: 169 dogs of various breeds met the inclusion criteria. Statistically significant differences were found between the age of affected dogs in individual weight groups. Moreover, the significant correlation between weight and age in the cohort of large-size dogs with CED was noted. In 96 dogs OA of varying severity was found. 11.6% of dogs were diagnosed with unilateral CED and 88.4% suffered from bilateral CED. The majority of dogs diagnosed with CED were young with an average age of 2.26 ± 0.18 years old. Significant differences in the occurrence of CED components in different-size groups were also noted. Males represented the majority in this study population. Conclusion: CT-imaging allowed for the assessment of the prevalence of CED components in affected dogs of different breeds. The use of CT imaging as a screening test in puppies of the breeds of which CED is the most prevalent facilitates the selection of dogs with joint incompatibility, which increases the risk of MDC, at time when no other changes are present. An early diagnosis of the mentioned pathology may allow for the introduction of less invasive therapeutic strategies, ensuring the improvement of joint biomechanics. The correlation between different components of CED and demographic features found in our study may provide valuable prognostic criteria and help in the future identification of various risk factors or therapeutic strategies.
Perceptions, emotional reactions and needs of adolescent psychiatric inpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews
Authors: Giannakopoulos George , Mylona Savvina , Zisimopoulou Anastasia , Belivanaki Maria , Charitaki Stella , Kolaitis Gerasimos
Published: October 2020

Background: The new coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has been accompanied by great psychological pressure on the entire population. However, little is known about how this pandemic could affect the more vulnerable population with severe mental illness.Aims: To explore adolescent psychiatric inpatients' perceptions, emotional reactions and needs during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with nine psychiatric inpatients aged 12-17 years. Five themes were initiated by interviewers through open-ended questions: (1) knowledge about the coronavirus pandemic, (2) changes in everyday routine, (3) feelings about the pandemic, (4) helpful thoughts and behaviors, and (5) practices of helping adolescents with their difficulties concerning the pandemic. A thematic analysis was conducted using line-by-line open coding.Results: Regarding their knowledge about the impact of the current pandemic, almost all adolescents focused on information about the nature of coronavirus and existing crisis management practices. Nearly all patients identified mainly negative changes due to the quarantine state, such as restrictions on social life and personal freedom, and excessive contact with family members during home isolation. With regard to their feelings, they acknowledged anxiety about harm to self and beloved ones, mood changes within the family nucleus, the unknown, and the management of the pandemic in other countries. Avoiding thought rumination about the coronavirus and its consequences, focusing on the positive, and looking into and towards the future were reported as helpful strategies for coping with difficult feelings. Additionally, a sense of belongingness insofar as they are not alone and share a common experience, seems central to the adolescents' arsenal of coping strategies. Confidence in the authorities and the community was another particularly interesting point that emerged during the interviews. Last, our findings indicated adolescents' benefit from receiving balanced health messaging, in addition to balanced thinking within their social and family environment.Conclusions: Better comprehension of possible mediating psychological pathways is needed in order to help clinicians, researchers and decision-makers develop psychosocial support interventions, to prevent the deterioration of mental disorders and overall functioning, as well as additional stress-related disorders.
Changes in opioid mortality following increased access to opioid substitution treatment
Authors: Andersson Lisa , Håkansson Anders , Berge Jonas , Johnson Björn
Published: October 2020

Background Opioid-related mortality is high and increasing in the Western world, and interventions aimed at reducing mortality represent an important area of study. In Skåne County, Sweden, a patient choice reform resulted in increased access to opioid substitution treatment (OST). In addition, a gradual shift towards less restrictive terms for exclusion from OST has been implemented. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of these policy changes on opioid-related mortality. Methods Detailed data on all opioid-induced deaths in Skåne during the two years prior to and following the policy change were obtained from forensic records and from health care services. Data on overdose deaths for Skåne and the rest of Sweden were obtained using publicly available national register data. Time periods were used as the predictor for opioid-related mortalities in the forensic data. The national level data were used in a natural experiment design in which rates of overdose deaths were compared between Skåne and the rest of Sweden before and after the intervention.Results There was a non-significant increase in the number of deaths in Skåne between the data collection periods (RR: 1.18 95% CI:0.89-1.57, p= 0.251). The proportion of deaths among patients enrolled in OST increased between the two periods (2.61, 1.12-6.10, p= 0.026). There was no change in deaths related to methadone or buprenorphine in relation to deaths due to the other opioids included in the study (0.92, 0.51-1.63, p= 0.764). An analysis of national mortality data showed an annual relative decrease in unintentional drug intoxications in Skåne compared to the rest of Sweden following the onset of the reform (0.90, 0.84-0,97, p= 0.004). Conclusions Opioid-related mortality, as assessed using forensic data, has not changed significantly in Skåne following a change to lower-threshold OST. By contrast, national level data indicate that the policy change has been associated with decreased opioid mortality. The discrepancy between these results highlights the need for more research to elucidate this issue. The result that more patients die during ongoing OST following an increase in access to treatment underlines the need for further preventive interventions within the OST treatment setting.
Caring for COVID’s most vulnerable victims: a safety-net hospital responds
Authors: Komaromy Miriam , Harris  , Koenig MBA Rob M. , Tomanovich MA Mary , Ruiz-Mercado Glorimar , Barocas Joshua A.
Published: October 2020

Background: As COVID-19 surged in people experiencing homelessness, leaders at Boston Medical Center (BMC), New England’s largest safety-net hospital, developed a program to care for them.Aim: Provide an opportunity for COVID-infected people experiencing homelessness to isolate and receive care until no longer contagiousSetting: A decommissioned hospital building.Participants: COVID-infected people experiencing homelessnessProgram Description: Care was provided by physician volunteers and furloughed staff. Care focused on allowing isolation, managing COVID-19 symptoms, harm-reduction interventions, and addressing problems related to substance use and mental illness.Program evaluation: Among 226 patients who received care, 65% were referred from BMC. Five percent were transferred to the hospital for a complication that appeared COVID-related. There were no deaths, but 7 patients had non-fatal overdoses. Seventy-nine % had at least one diagnosis of mental illness, and 42% reported actively using at least one substance at the time of admission. Thirty % had at least one mental health diagnosis plus active substance use.Discussion: This hospital-based COVID Recuperation Unit was rapidly deployed, provided safe isolation for 226 patients over 8 weeks, treated frequent SUD and mental illness, and helped prevent the hospital’s acute-care bed capacity from being overwhelmed during the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic.
From the Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Krys Svitlana (Lana)
Published: October 2020

Editorial.
Le droit suisse des sociétés en 2019 : Modifications législatives, jurisprudence et doctrine
Authors: Canapa Damiano , Grisoni Arthur , Derungs Line Elodie
Published: October 2020

Cette contribution propose un aperçu des principales modifications législatives intervenues durant l’année 2019 en droit suisse des sociétés, ainsi que de la jurisprudence du Tribunal fédéral [TF] rendue et des ouvrages de doctrine (commentaires de lois, monographies, thèses et articles d’ouvrages collectifs) publiés dans ce domaine pendant la même période. La section consacrée aux modifications législatives (ch. I.) présente l’état, au 31 décembre 2019, de la modification projetée du droit de la société anonyme [SA] et les modifications récentes en matière d’actions au porteur. Les résumés de jurisprudence font l’objet de la section suivante (ch. II.) ; les arrêts sont classés par forme de société. Après la présentation des arrêts publiés au recueil des ATF, les arrêts sont classés par ordre chronologique. Le recensement par thème des ouvrages de doctrine parus en 2019 conclut l’article (ch. III.).
Comparative Performance of Chemical and Biological-based Products in Management of Algal Leaf Spot on Magnolia
Authors: Baysal-Gurel Fulya , Bika Ravi , Jennings Christina , Palmer Cristi , Simmons Terri
Published: October 2020

Magnolia trees (Magnolia sp.) are a popular choice for consumers when choosing flowering woody plants for landscapes. Magnolia species grow in a wide variety of both temperate and tropical locations. Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) is one of the more popular magnolias due to its pleasing aesthetics: large showy flowers in a range of colors and evergreen foliage. However, magnolias can be affected by algal leaf spot. Algal leaf spot is caused by Cephaleuros virescens, which is a widespread plant parasitic green alga. There has been little research on how to treat algal leaf spot on magnolia plants. This study focuses on identifying effective biological- and chemical-based fungicides for the management of algal leaf spot disease of magnolia plants. Two experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with six replications per treatment and a total of 12 treatments, including a nontreated control. The first experiment (Expt. 1) was conducted in a shade house (56% shade) at McMinnville, TN, using southern magnolia plants. The second experiment (Expt. 2) was conducted at a commercial nursery in McMinnvillle, TN, in a field plot planted with ‘Jane’ magnolia (Magnolia liliiflora ‘Nigra’ × Magnolia stellata ‘Rosea’). The algal leaf spot disease severity, disease progression, plant marketability and growth parameters were evaluated. In both experiments, all treatments reduced algal leaf spot disease severity and disease progress in comparison with the nontreated control. In Expt. 1, copper octanoate, copper oxychloride, chlorothalonil water-dispersible granules, chlorothalonil suspension concentrate, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr, hydrogen peroxide + peroxyacetic acid, and mono- and di-potassium salts of phosphorus acid + hydrogen peroxide reduced the disease severity and disease progress the most and were not statistically different from one another. In Expt. 2, azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and copper oxychloride significantly reduced disease severity and disease progress (area under disease progress curve). Treatments had no deleterious effect on plant growth parameters such as height and width, and no phytotoxicity of applied treatments or defoliation was observed. Treated magnolia plants had better plant marketability compared with the nontreated control plants. The findings of this study will help growers to achieve better management of algal leaf spot disease on magnolia trees.
Different Roles of the Five Alcohol Acyltransferases in Peach Fruit Aroma Development
Authors: Peng Bin , Xu Jianlan , Cai Zhixiang , Zhang Binbin , Yu Mingliang , Ma Ruijuan
Published: October 2020

Peach (Prunus persica) fruit emit more than 100 volatile organic compounds. Among these volatiles, γ-decalactone is the key compound that contributes to peach aroma. The final step in lactones biosynthesis is catalyzed by alcohol acyltransferases (AATs). In this study, five AAT genes were isolated in the peach genome, and the ways that these genes contribute toward the peach aroma were studied. The sequence analysis of the five AATs showed PpAAT4 and PpAAT5 are truncated genes, missing important residues such as HXXXD. The expressions of PpAATs were investigated to identify the roles in creating the peach aroma. The results indicated that only PpAAT1 is highly expressed during γ-decalactone formation. A functional survey of the five PpAATs, using the oleaginous yeast expression system, suggested that only PpAAT1 significantly increased the γ-decalactone content, whereas the other four PpAATs did not significantly alter the γ-decalactone content. Enzyme assays on PpAATs heterologously expressed and purified from Escherichia coli indicated that only PpAAT1 could catalyze the formation of γ-decalactone. All results indicated that PpAAT1 is a more efficient enzyme than the other four PpAATs during the γ-decalactone biosynthesis process in peach fruit. The results from this study should help improve peach fruit aroma.
Safety and medical cost effectiveness of preventive treatment of children with latent tuberculosis infection
Authors: Baronova O. D. , Aksenova V. A. , Klevno N. I. , Odinets V. S. , Pilipenko O. V.
Published: October 2020

The objective: to assess the safety and medical cost effectiveness of different LTBI treatment regimens in children and adolescents.

Subjects and methods. 205 children in the age from 6 to 17 years old with latent tuberculosis infection were included in the study: The main (prospective) group included 31 children who were treated with isoniazid and rifapentine (HRpt). The comparison (retrospective) group included 174 pediatric patients: 128 patients received the regimen consisting of isoniazid and pyrazinamide (HZ), 14 patients received isoniazid and rifampicin (HR), and 32 patients received isoniazid and ethambutol (HE).

Results. When using the HRpt regimen, the treatment was well tolerated; adverse events (eosinophilia) were documented in 6.5% of children. The medications were taken once a week and it allowed reducing the frequency of treatment interruptions for non-medical reasons. The overall cost per patient was lower with the HRpt regimen than with the other three LTBI treatment regimens.
REVIRAVOLTA DA NOVA ECONOMIA MUNDIAL: TRANSFORMAÇÕES POLÍTICAS, ECONÔMICAS E EDUCAÇÃO NA AMÉRICA DO SUL
Authors: Arrais Neto Enéas de Araújo
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo parte de uma análise das transformações econômicas e políticas ocorridas mundialmente a partir do capitalismo globalizado na década de 1990, com a hegemonia das políticas neoliberais e a consequente elevação nos indicadores de pobreza, desemprego e destruição de serviços sociais nos países da América Latina. Expõe o processo de resistência e reação a essa destruição econômica acontecido através de resistência política de setores organizados da classe trabalhadora e dos movimentos sociais em todo o sub-continente sulamericano. Aponta que a articulação política dos vários governos de centro-esquerda eleitos na América do Sul, permitiram a instituição do MERCOSUL, ao lado da participação unificada ou fortalecida em organismos internacionais e em outras articulações multilaterais (BRICS, G20). Esse quadro político geral foi fator facilitador da implementação de políticas econômicas e sociais autóctones, no sentido de desvinculadas centralmente das determinações das economias centrais, permitindo o desenvolvimento de processos sociais e econômicos a partir de uma dinâmica inclusiva e independente. A reversão desses processos a partir da segunda metade da década de 2010, veio destruir os consensos sociais frágeis e instaurar a perspectiva da incerteza de rumos, destruição de direitos sociais, e desmonte de políticas econômicas voltadas ao desenvolvimento auto-direcionado nesses países. Entre outras áreas, a educação, a ciencia e tecnologia, as universidades, estão todas ameaçadas de retrocesso, e a unidade de ação, lastreada na unidade plural da concepção histórico-política do momento é o elemento de resistência fundamental para a construção educacional atual.
INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO, EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL, ARTE E CULTURA: UMA REFLEXÃO
Authors: Zepeda Ortega Ana Judith
Published: October 2020

A internacionalização do ensino superior tem mostrado mudanças nas últimas décadas, em conjunto com as transformações socioculturais e econômicas que as nações experimentaram. Isso obrigou as Instituições de Ensino Superior a rever suas ações na perspectiva desses ventos de mudança. Por outro lado, as expressões culturais e artísticas sempre foram diversificadas e enriquecidas pela circulação de seus expoentes, entre diferentes espaços territoriais, delimitados ou não por uma linha de fronteira geográfica. No Ensino Superior, as artes e a cultura residem em vários espaços do trabalho dessas instituições, dentro das quais são contadas: a formação de profissionais; ensinar através das artes; as expressões artísticas e culturais da comunidade educativa e; a custódia e cuidado do patrimônio cultural. Em cada uma dessas áreas elas desempenham um papel importante, no entanto, não foi suficientemente analisado qual seria o seu lugar em relação à internacionalização da Educação Superior. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi examinar as esferas do ensino superior, onde artes e cultura podem se tornar parte do processo de internacionalização do ensino superior. Este estudo foi realizado com base em uma revisão documental, focada na busca de elementos que pudessem contribuir para uma análise crítica e reflexiva sob diferentes ângulos.
Quality Function Deployment for Quality Performance Analysis in Indonesian Automotive Company for Engine Manufacturing
Authors: Jaqin Choesnul , Rozak Ahmad , Purba Humiras Hardi
Published: October 2020

The research aimed to improve the quality problem from the previous plant that contributed to the Rate of Quality (RQ) and Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) value in Cylinder Block Machining (CBM). The research was done in one of an automotive company in Indonesia. It had been applying Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) with Kaizen spirit to make continuous improvement even though this company had reached a world-class level on the Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance (JIPM) standard. To express the needs and wants of the current machining plant and improve quality problems from the previous process in the casting plant, the researchers used Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. From the result, it is known that shrinkage defect at a casting product becomes the priority of the kaizen team to achieve next process customer satisfaction in a machining plant to increase the RQ and OEE value. By implementing improvement based on the highest value of Technical Priorities (TP) from House of Quality (HOQ), it can increase RQ value in CBM from 96,4% in December 2018 to 97,9% in February 2019. Then, OEE value increases from 92% to 93% within two months.
Apuntes sobre la vida privada desde la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Zelada Carlos J. , Bertoni Eduardo
Published: October 2020

En el presente artículo los profesores Zelada y Bertoni realizan un minucioso e interesante estudio del artículo 11 de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos a través de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.
EVOLUÇÃO DE GRAU DE INCAPACIDADE FÍSICA EM PESSOAS COM HANSENÍASE: ESTUDO LONGITUDINAL
Authors: De Oliveira Libório Dourado Giovanna , Saraiva dos Santos Kelly , Nogueira Lidya Tolstenko
Published: October 2020

Introdução: A hanseníase é um agravo infectocontagioso e incapacitante em que mesmo após a alta por cura pode suceder o desenvolvimento de sequelas. Objetivo:  avaliar a evolução do grau de incapacidade física (GIF) de pessoas com hanseníase. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional, descritiva, de delineamento longitudinal. O estudo foi desenvolvido em duas etapas com interstício mínimo de dois anos entre as etapas em um município hiperendêmico do Piauí. Foram avaliadas 256 pessoas e analisou-se a forma clínica, classificação operacional e o grau de incapacidade física. Resultados: Os participantes do estudo apresentavam forma clínica indeterminada (41,8%), classificação operacional paucibacilar (55,5%), no primeiro momento 54% apresentavam GIF I e no segundo momento 63,5% também GIF I. A avaliação longitudinal evidenciou aumento entre os classificados como GIF I de 17,64%. Conclusões: A avaliação dos dois momentos possibilitou constatar que houve aumento entre as pessoas classificadas com algum grau de incapacidade física, ocorrendo aumento percentual entre o GIF I.