bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-cost 13.56MHz Rectifier Based on Organic Diode
Authors: Wang Hong , Ji Zhuoyu , Shang Liwei , Chen Yingping , Lu Congyan , Li Dongmei , Peng Yingquan , Liu Ming
Published: January 2012

In this paper, low-cost rectifier based on an organic diode for use in organic radio frequency identification (RFID) tags is proposed. Pentacene is the electroactive layer, with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) modified low-cost copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) as the Ohmic and Schottky contacts, respectively. Hole injection barrier between Cu and pentacene can be decreased by forming the self-assembled layers of Cu-TCNQ. The diode shows a high rectification ratio of approximately 2×106 at 5V and the organic diode based rectifier circuit generated a dc output voltage of approximately 2V at 13.56MHz, using an input ac signal with zero-to-peak voltage amplitude of 5 V. The results indicate that chemical modification of the low-cost electrodes could be an efficient way toward low-cost high performance organic electronics devices.
Use of intraoperative MRI for resection of gliomas
Authors: Cabrera Hector Navarro , Almeida Antonio Nogueira de , Silva Clemar Corrêa da , Fonoff Erich Talamoni , Martin Maria das Graças , Leite Claudia da Costa , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen
Published: January 2012

Literature has shown that extent of tumor resection has an impact on quality of life and survival of patients with gliomas. Intraoperative MRI has been used to increase resection while preserving procedure's safety. METHOD: The first five patients with gliomas operated on at the University of São Paulo using intraoperative MRI are reported. All but one patient had Karnofsky Performance Status of 100% before surgery. Presentation symptoms were progressive headache, seizures, behavior disturbance, one instance of hemianopsia, and another of hemiparesis. RESULTS: Gross total removal was achieved in two patients. Surgical resection was limited by tumor invasion of critical areas like the internal capsule or the mesencephalon in the remaining patients. CONCLUSION: Intra-operative MRI is an important tool that helps surgeons to remove glial tumors, however, knowledge of physiology and functional anatomy is still fundamental to avoid morbidity.
A responsabilidade social universitária na perspectiva do Sinaes: um estudo de caso no Curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará - Campus de Sobral
Authors: Barros Conceição de Maria Pinheiro , Freire José Célio
Published: January 2012

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as ações de responsabilidade social do Curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará, em Sobral, na perspectiva do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (Sinaes). Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico e uma pesquisa de campo, tendo como fundamentação teórica as proposições filosóficas de Emmanuel Lévinas, a ética da alteridade radical. A pesquisa foi realizada no Curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará no campus em Sobral, utilizando como instrumento de coleta de dados a aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com pessoas-chave do Curso. Após a análise dos resultados, percebeu-se que o curso investigado desenvolve ações sociais que oferecem respostas positivas à comunidade em seu entorno, porém ainda há muito a ser feito para a concretização da sua responsabilidade social.
The road ahead – taking ICE to the next level
Authors: Foulkes Tom
Published: January 2012

The Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) needs a fresh approach if it is to continue playing a credible, inspiring and sustainable role on the global civil engineering stage. Former ICE director general and secretary Tom Foulkes says some hard choices lie on the road ahead.
A tale of two tunnels: delivering the New Tyne Crossing
Authors: Fenwick Paul , Jessett Cliff , Dingwall David , Shaw Malcolm
Published: January 2012

The £262 million New Tyne Crossing in north-east England was fully opened to traffic in November 2011. It consists of a new 1·5 km immersed-tube road tunnel under the River Tyne, which opened in February 2011, and the refurbished 1967 Tyne Tunnel. Together they provide two traffic lanes in each direction and a three-fold increase in capacity. The twin-tunnel crossing was delivered for Tyne and Wear Integrated Passenger Transport Authority under a 30-year public–private partnership concession contract, with funding secured entirely from toll revenue –a UK first. This paper provides an overview of the planning, procurement, design, construction, refurbishment and commissioning of this complex and challenging project.
Making low-cost micro-hydro schemes a sustainable reality
Authors: Selvakumaran Sivasakthy
Published: January 2012

Low-cost run-of-river or ‘micro-hydro’ schemes are delivering real social benefits to communities in remote rural areas, which are otherwise unable to get electricity. Limited access to capital, infrastructure and skilled labour means normal design and construction standards do not apply, but the ingenuity of civil engineers working with international development charities ensures such schemes continue to be built and improved. This paper reports on recent research for the charity Practical Action on its micro-hydro systems in Peru, which led to improved designs for intake structures incorporating gabions and drainage features. It also explains how sharing such design options and techniques with local communities helps to ensure continued delivery of their safe, efficient and sustainable energy supply.
Low-melting composite filler metals
Authors: Wielage Bernhard , Hoyer Ina , Weis Sebastian
Published: January 2012

There has been an increased demand for lightweight composite materials in recent years. In particular, aluminium-matrix composites (AMC) have been applied in many different sectors such as the aerospace industry, automobile production, or power-electronics. Composite filler metals with low melting ranges and adjusted technologies have been especially developed for joining temperature-sensitive AMCs. These special composites produced by equal-channel angular pressing feature a very high strength due to a very fine-grained structure. As a result of the addition of ceramic reinforcement components, an improvement of mechanical properties of the fillers has been achieved. In the present investigations, the microstructure of the joints and the influence of thermal treatment during the joining process on the temperature-sensitive base material were demonstrated. Therefore, the Brinell hardness was measured. The results show a high joining strength due to the use of the composite fillers but also a deterioration in the properties of the base material.
Laser surface preparation for bonding of aerospace composites
Authors: Belcher Marcus A. , Wohl Christopher J. , Hopkins John W. , Connell John W.
Published: January 2012

Adhesive bonds are critical to the integrity of built-up structures. Disbonds can often be detected but the strength of adhesion between surfaces in contact cannot be determined without destructive testing. Typically the major problem in a bonded structure is surface contamination, and by extension, surface preparation. Standard surface preparation techniques, including grit blasting, manual abrasion, and peel ply, are not ideal because of variations in their application. Etching of carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) panels using a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser appears to be a highly precise, controlled, and reliable way to both clean a composite surface prior to bonding and provide a bond-promoting patterned surface akin to peel ply without the inherent drawbacks from the same (i.e. debris and curvature). CFRP surfaces prepared using laser patterns conducive to adhesive bonding were compared with typical pre-bonding surface treatments through optical microscopy, contact angle goniometry and post-bonding mechanical testing. This paper is the work of the US Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the USA.
Homogenisation of fibrous composites under stochastic ageing
Authors: Kamiński Marcin
Published: January 2012

The main aim of this paper is to present an application of the generalised stochastic perturbation technique to model the stochastic ageing processes of fibre-reinforced periodic composite materials in terms of their effective properties. The response surface method is used to detect, for various time moments of the ageing process, the analytical interrelations between the effective elasticity tensor components and the composite parameters exposed to the ageing phenomena. A numerical procedure based on the finite-element code MCCEFF and the system MAPLE is used to model ageing of glass–epoxy composites, but it may find general application in the reliability analysis of other composite structures.
Influence of flaw distribution on single fibre fragmentation
Authors: Rollin Denis C. , Davies Ian J.
Published: January 2012

The single fibre fragmentation (SFF) test is an important technique used to characterise interface and fibre properties in polymer matrix composite materials. This paper describes a Monte Carlo simulation technique to investigate the influence of flaw size characteristics (i.e. flaw size probability distribution parameters and flaw number) on the number of fragments resulting from the SFF test. The main result suggested that a minimum number of flaws was required in order to provide valid results – the actual number varied between approximately 100 and 1000 depending on the parameters being varied. Above this threshold value, the number of fragments generally increased as a power law with respect to flaw number. In addition, the main parameter influencing the number of fibre fragments was concluded to be the portion of unshielded fibre at the point of saturation.
Improving damage resistance of a composite pole using a computer experiment strategy
Authors: Motamedi Damoon , Milani Abbas S.
Published: January 2012

Transmission poles are widely used for transmitting electricity from power plants to industrial and commercial sites as well as residential areas. The total cost of a transmission line is partly driven by the maintenance cost of poles and wires. To reduce this cost, designers can choose more durable materials and optimal design strategies. In recent years, the use of polymer composite transmission poles has become more popular and they have been implemented in a number of power systems. In this paper, a tapered composite pole under lateral wind load is modelled and its damage resistance under a set of composite failure criteria is investigated. The composite pole is made of glass fibre-reinforced polyester and is manufactured by filament winding. By focusing on fibre orientation angles in the pole layers, a computer experiment (simulation) strategy is designed along with a maximin space-filling sampling criterion. The goal is to choose the best combination of ply angles that can minimise pole damage while maintaining minimal computational cost. A 37% improvement in the matrix cracking failure index was achieved from the initial value of 1·00 (i.e. a damaged pole) to the optimised value of 0·63 (no damage).
The design of temporary excavation support to Eurocode 7
Authors: Markham Paul David
Published: January 2012

This paper examines how Eurocode 7 relates to the design of temporary excavation support. It is shown that total stress design and the net available passive resistance method described in Ciria Report 104 can produce inconsistent results, which must be carefully checked for sensitivity to the soil parameter values used. Many temporary excavations are designed using moderately conservative soil parameter values and a limit equilibrium method of analysis with a lumped factor of safety of 1·5. It is concluded that design in accordance with Eurocode 7 produces higher propping forces than design using this approach, but that Eurocode 7 produces propping forces over 60% lower than design in accordance with Ciria Report C580.
Increasing the number of bicycle commuters
Authors: Lee Inkyung , Park Hyochul , Sohn Keemin
Published: January 2012

The present study confirmed that commuter cyclists take on different mode-choice behaviours depending on whether they have experienced leisure cycling prior to becoming a commuter cyclist. In a survey conducted for the present study, about 57% of the sampled commuter cyclists had experience as a leisure cyclist. The remaining individuals were inexperienced at leisure cycling. A discrete mode-choice model, which has been widely used in mode-choice studies, was applied separately for each commuter-cyclist group, based on the stated preference data with the conventional explanatory variables (i.e. individual- and alternative-specific variables). The results showed that the model for inexperienced commuter cyclists exhibited a higher goodness-of-fit compared with the experienced cyclists. In order to address the attitudinal differences between the two groups, a binary logit model was applied again to examine the factors that may cause the difference. The extra variables associated with the previous commuting mode and the current conditions of cycling to work were put into the binary logit model. In particular, seven latent factors were derived from 28 questions by using principal component analysis. Several variables, such as distance to work, previous commuting mode, sensitivity to the environment, and symbolic motives for driving a car, were statistically significant and decisive in accounting for the differences between experienced and inexperienced commuter cyclists. Therefore, it is recommended that targeting experienced cyclists would be the optimal approach to promote the use of bicycles and reduce the use of motorised vehicles. The results of the present study could also provide policy makers with valuable background information about commuter cyclists.
Design of embankment–structure transitions for railway infrastructure
Authors: Gallego Giner Inmaculada , López Pita Andrés , Vieira Chaves Eduardo W. , Rivas Álvarez Ana María
Published: January 2012

The introduction of a structure (bridge, viaduct) along a railway represents a transition point with an abrupt change in the vertical stiffness from one transverse section to another. This condition is even more important in high-speed railway, since the layout criteria are stricter than for conventional train lines. However, in many cases, it is nevertheless necessary to construct a structure (viaduct, bridge). This paper presents the key ideas that explain the atypical behaviour exhibited by embankment–structure transitions and demonstrates the influence that longitudinal variations in vertical stiffness have on track deterioration. The deterioration problem remains unsolved and, at present, there are no common design solutions employed by the different European railway administrations. In the present study, three-dimensional numerical simulations of designs, which are currently employed in embankment–structure transitions, are generated using the finite-element method. Analysis of the results leads to design recommendations that can be used by railway infrastructure designers when designing embankment–structure transitions.
REINFORCEMENT DELAY FADING DURING DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT OF COMMUNICATION: THE EFFECTS OF SIGNALS ON RESPONSE MAINTENANCE
Authors: Kelley Michael E. , Lerman Dorothea C. , Fisher Wayne W. , Roane Henry S. , Zangrillo Amanda N.
Published: January 2012

Signals during delays to reinforcement may lessen reductions in responding that typically occur when there is a delay between a response and its reinforcer. Sparse applied research has been devoted to understanding the conditions under which responding may be maintained when delays to reinforcement are introduced. We evaluated the extent to which providing signals during delay fading affected responding in the context of differential reinforcement of communication responses. Three individuals were exposed to gradually increasing signaled and unsignaled reinforcement delays in multiple‐schedule and/or withdrawal designs. Results for 2 of 3 participants suggested that (a) the presence of signals facilitated response maintenance under delayed reinforcement and (b) coordinated basic and applied research may advance both conceptual understanding and clinical outcomes of delayed reinforcement.
Expanding the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (Ex-GRADE) for Evidence-Based Clinical Recommendations: Validation Study
Authors: Phi Linda , Ajaj Reem , Ramchandani Manisha H , Brant Xenia MC , Oluwadara Oluwadayo , Polinovsky Olga , Moradi David , Barkhordarian Andre , Sriphanlop Pathu , Ong Margaret , Giroux Amy , Lee Justin , Siddiqui Muniza , Ghodousi Nora , Chiappelli Francesco
Published: January 2012

Clinicians use general practice guidelines as a source of support for their intervention, but how much confidence should they place on these recommendations? How much confidence should patients place on these recommendations? Various instruments are available to assess the quality of evidence of research, such as the revised Wong scale (R-Wong) which examines the quality of research design, methodology and data analysis, and the revision of the assessment of multiple systematic reviews (R-AMSTAR), which examines the quality of systematic reviews.

The Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group developed an instrument called the GRADE system in order to grade the quality of the evidence in studies and to evaluate the strength of recommendation of the intervention that is proposed in the published article. The GRADE looks at four factors to determine the quality of the evidence: study design, study quality, consistency, and directness. After combining the four components and assessing the grade of the evidence, the strength of recommendation of the intervention is established. The GRADE, however, only makes a qualitative assessment of the evidence and does not generate quantifiable data.

In this study, we have quantified both the grading of the quality of evidence and also the strength of recommendation of the original GRADE, hence expanding the GRADE. This expansion of the GRADE (Ex-GRADE) permits the creation of a new instrument that can produce tangible data and possibly bridge the gap between evidence-based research and evidence-based clinical practice.
Visualization of the salinity plume from a coastal ocean water desalination plant
Authors: Helly John J. , Herbinson Kevin T.
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT:  A salinity plume, with a maximum of 35.3 parts per thousand (ppt), was detected adjacent to the effluent source of a desalination plant on Santa Catalina Island, Los Angeles County, Calif., a 3% increase relative to the maximum of the control area. Four methods of visualizing these data were used to identify and describe the plume and one, volumetric visualization, was superior. This method revealed a surface and subsurface distribution of the effluent that is affected by tide and wave action. The plume is transported offshore and alongshore with a tidally‐related separation of the diluted effluent into upcoast and downcoast parts with probable wave‐related transport offshore.
A facultative pond model incorporating biofilm activity
Authors: Polprasert C. , Agarwalla B. K.
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT:  Most literature on facultative ponds cover only suspended biomass, considering them as the major group of biomass responsible for substrate removal. This study demonstrates the significance of biofilm biomass growing on the side walls and bottom of facultative ponds on substrate utilization. A model for substrate utilization in facultative ponds is proposed which encompasses first‐order reactions of both suspended and biofilm biomass. The proposed model was then validated with observed data of two full‐scale facultative ponds located in Bangkok, Thailand. Some of the model parameters were determined from the experiments, while others were obtained from the literature. The model was able to predict effluent biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) concentrations of these two ponds reasonably well. A design chart, based on the proposed model, was developed and can be used to aid in pond design or in the estimation of additional attached‐growth areas (for example, baffles or other types of attached‐growth media) to be installed in the pond water to improve efficiency of the pond performance.
Influence of activated sludge flocculation time on secondary clarification
Authors: Wahlberg Eric J. , Keinath Thomas M. , Parker Denny S.
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT:  The success of gravity separation of activated sludge from a treated effluent depends on the flocculent nature of the mixed liquor entering the secondary clarifier. Despite its importance to the overall effectiveness of the activated sludge process, flocculation phenomena are not routinely considered in the design and operation of the process. Further optimization of the activated sludge process to meet higher performance demands requires that the competing reactions of floc aggregation and breakup be maximized and minimized, respectively. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to develop an improved understanding of activated sludge flocculation. A theoretically based and easily performed batch flocculation procedure was developed. The procedure enabled the quantification of the flocculation characteristics of activated sludges. The procedure was field applied, testing 30 activated sludges obtained at 21 full‐scale facilities. Results obtained during the field study indicated that the equilibrium concentration of supernatant suspended solids following batch flocculation and settling is comparable for a wide variety of activated sludges regardless of the initial aggregative state of the mixed liquors or the aeration device employed. The results indicated that flocculation of activated sludge cannot be used to reduce supernatant suspended solids below a certain limit. Moreover, the results indicated that attainment of equilibrium is rapid; the activated sludge flocculation reaction in batch reactors was 99% complete within 10 minutes for all but six of the activated sludges studied. Field‐determined estimates of activated sludge flocculation characteristics can be used to predict the performance of flocculators placed either upstream of or in secondary clarifiers. These estimates also can be used to determine the impact of altering process variables on flocculation, thereby affording a procedure for optimizing an activated sludge's flocculation potential.
Groups with all subgroups permutable or of finite rank
Authors: Dixon Martyn , Karatas Yalcin
Published: January 2012

In this paper we investigate the structure of X-groups in which every subgroup is permutable or of finite rank. We show that every subgroup of such a group is permutable.
Riverbank erosion displacees in Bangladesh: need for institutional response and policy intervention
Authors: Islam MD Fakrul , Rashid ANM Baslur
Published: January 2012

Environmental refugees are one of the most burning issues at this time throughout the world. Bangladesh, a riverine country, is suffering from acquit riverbank erosion which compels millions of her population to be displaced from their place of origin. As such, 283 locations, 85 towns and growth centers, along with 2400 kilometers of riverbank line in Bangladesh are vulnerable to erosion. The major rivers e.g., the Padma, the Jamuna, and the Meghna, erode several thousand hectares of floodplain making thousands of people landless and homeless every year. Along with the floodplain, Bangladesh loses several kilometers of roads, railways, and flood-control embankments annually. No other disaster is as disastrous as riverbank erosion and ‘Internally Displaced Populations’ (IDP) face many unavoidable problems at different stages of displacement. Displacement marginalized them in respect of livelihood patterns and psycho-physical troubles. Such forty million homeless people in Bangladesh are compelled to lead a floating life. Riverbank erosion plays a major role in socio-environmental changes. The displaced people of riverbank erosion experience substantial socio-economic impoverishment and marginalization as a consequence of involuntary displacement from their original residence. Findings of a social survey carried out in 2008 on the erosion-hit displaced people in Chapai Nawabganj and Rajshahi districts are discussed in this paper. Newly settled people along with the native inhabitants have been interviewed to reveal the problems associated with making rearrangements for the displaced people. Besides these problems of displacement, adaptation strategies and relationships with the local people, their socioeconomic losses, sufferings, perception of natural disaster and psycho-physical problems, environmental ruins etc. have been revealed in this paper. There are no specific policies to rehabilitate the erosion-hit people. Thus, it is time to formulate policies to address prevention of riverbank erosion as well as to rehabilitate the river-erosion refugees.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v2i2.9540 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2011; 2(2): 4-19
What makes multinational clinical research ethical & how to minimize possible exploitation in host country?
Authors: Ali Md Ashraf
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND: In recent years there has been substantial debate about the ethics of research in developing countries. The controversies have been centered on (i) standard of care that should be used in research (ii) reasonable availability of interventions that are proven to be useful and (iii) quality of informed consent. Clinical research is different from clinical practice in ethically important ways where each has different goals, different methods and different justification for risk to individuals. The goal of clinical research is to generate useful knowledge about health and illness. Benefit to participants is not the purpose of research, although it does occur. Here people are the means to develop useful knowledge; and are thus at risk of exploitation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v2i2.9541         Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2011; 2(2): 20-23
Institutional Ethical Review Board (IERB): concept & contect
Authors: Talukder Md Humayun Kabir , Hossain Md Zakir , Ahkter Nasrin , Perveen Ismat Ara
Published: January 2012

According to modern concept of institutional review board, all proposal of biomedical research involving human participants should be cleared/approved by an Institutional review board (IRB) is mandatory. Competence and independence are the two hallmarks of an IRB. The responsibilities of an IRB are protection of dignity, rights and well being of potential research participants. All research projects do not pass through IRB in Bangladesh. Many researches have been performed without ethical clearance. Young healthcare professionals are scare about IRB as they have little ides about IRB. Structure of IRB, Review procedures and IRB in Bangladesh are discussed in this paper to better understanding of ethical process of research paper to the health care professsionals. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v2i2.9542   Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2011; 2(2): 24-25
Justification of participation of human subjects in Phase 1 clinical trials: an ethical analysis
Authors: Memon Inayat Ullah
Published: January 2012

In the process of clinical trials, after ascertaining the safety of drugs or other therapeutic interventions in animals or in vivo, phase I clinical trials are conducted as initial step on healthy human volunteers (or patients with specific disease) to observe pharmacokinetics, safety and side effects associated with escalating doses of the drugs. Participation of human subjects having different biological system than animals is not without risks in these trials; this fact raises some important ethical issues. In the light of international research ethics guidelines, this paper analyses moral justification of use of humans as research subjects in phase I clinical trials, discusses what groups of participants should be involved, their economic status, questionable coercive effect of monetary remuneration on the subjects and soundness of informed consent obtained for the trials. These issues are also discussed in the perspective of four founding principles of bioethics i.e. autonomy, justice, beneficence and non-maleficence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v2i2.9543   Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2011; 2(2): 26-29
Isolation and Characterization of 21 Microsatellite Loci in Cardiocrinum giganteum var. yunnanense (Liliaceae), an Important Economic Plant in China
Authors: Li Rong , Yang Jie , Yang Junbo , Dao Zhiling
Published: January 2012

Twenty-one microsatellite markers from the genome of Cardiocrinum giganteum var. yunnanense, an important economic plant in China, were developed with a fast isolation protocol by amplified fragment length polymorphism of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO). Polymorphism within each locus was assessed in 24 wild individuals from Gaoligong Mountains in western Yunnan Province, China. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 4 with a mean of 2.9. The expected and observed levels of heterozygosity ranged from 0.042 to 0.726 and from 0.000 to 1.000, with averages of 0.44 and 0.31, respectively. These polymorphic microsatellite markers should prove useful in population genetics studies and assessments of genetic variation to develop conservation and management strategies for this species.
Jean-Pierre Richard à Brive (Corrèze), printemps 1966
Authors: Bergounioux Pierre
Published: January 2012

Résumé Le grand aggiornamento des années 1960 a touché tous les domaines, y compris celui de la critique littéraire. Séparée de la vie, confinée dans des lieux poussiéreux, sans air, elle vivait en symbiose avec des œuvres dont l’examen ou le concours de fin d’année épuisait à peu près tout l’intérêt. Pas un mot, ou alors dédaigneux, évasif, des textes un peu récents qui, confusément, parlaient aux adolescents que nous étions, des auteurs qui respiraient. C’est alors que sont tombés entre nos mains les premiers travaux de Jean-Pierre Richard, qui vivait à l’écart de l’institution, au large, à l’étranger – qui vivait. Quarante-cinq ans plus tard, je me rappelle la fraîcheur, l’éclat, la saveur des pages qu’il nous livrait.
Le simple fait de notre présence au monde
Authors: Pradeau Christophe
Published: January 2012

Résumé La critique de Jean-Pierre Richard disperse en une nomenclature, en une bruine de définitions, la dynamique unitaire de l’intrigue, promouvant ainsi, au prix d’un déplacement d’accent du tout vers le détail, la simple aventure d’exister à la hauteur d’un grand récit. Le Centaure de Maurice de Guérin apparaît comme un emblème possible de cet art du commentaire.
L'emploi variable du ne dans le discours électronique synchrone : une étude variationniste en temps apparent
Authors: Blattner Géraldine , Williams Lawrence
Published: January 2012

L’étude présentée dans cet article se situe dans une approche sociolinguistique variationniste. Elle explore l’utilisation variable de la particule de négation ne dans le cadre de clavardage synchrone. Si certaines enquêtes ont déjà examiné la présence ou l’absence du ne , aucune d’entre elles n’a pu explorer l’âge des internautes, variable indépendante qui semble influencer la variation comme d’autres variables préalablement identifiées par d’autres études quantitatives, telles que la période durant laquelle les données ont été récoltées ainsi que le type de sujet des phrases. Les résultats de notre analyse multivariée (VARBRUL) indiquent que les types de sujets, l’âge des internautes ainsi que les différents mois pendant lesquels les données furent récoltées influencent de façon significative l’utilisation de la particule ne du corpus de discours électronique utilisé dans cette étude.
Myopericytoma of Low Grade Malignancy in the Oral Cavity
Authors: Terada Tadashi
Published: January 2012

Myopericytoma (MPC) of the oral cavity is extremely rare. Herein reported is a case of MPC of low grade malignancy in the oral cavity. A 61-year-old man noticed a tumor of the cheek mucosa, and admitted to our hospital. Oral examination revealed a reddish elevated tumor of the cheek mucosa. Tumorectomy with wide margins was performed. The clinical diagnosis was pyogenic granuloma. Grossly, the tumor was reddish, and measured 1×1×1 cm. Microscopically, oval to spindle tumor cells with hyperchromatic vesicular nuclei and many vasculatures were seen. The tumor cells were contiguous and mixed with endothelial cells in many blood vessels, thus resembling pericytes. Mitotic figures were scattered. The surgical margins were negative for tumor cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin and p53. The Ki67 labeling was 40%. The tumor cells were negative for cytokeratins (AE1/3 and CAM5.2), CD31, CD34, S100 protein, HMB45, CD10, vimentin, desmin, and factor VIII-related antigen. The endothelium of the vessels were positive for vimentin, CD31, CD34 and factor VIII-related antigen, but negative for α-smooth muscle actin, p53, cytokeratins (AE1/3 and CAM5.2), S100 protein, HMB45, CD10, vimentin, and desmin. The Ki67 labeling was 5%. Because the pericytoid tumor cells showed α-smooth muscle actin and negative for endothelial markers, MPC was diagnosed. In addition, because there was some atypia and mitotic figures were scatters and also because the tumor cells were positive for p53 and Ki67 labeling was high, a pathological diagnosis of MPC with low grade malignancy was made. No recurrence was observed, and the patient is now free from tumor 6 months after the operation.
A Combined Approach to Emotion Detection in Suicide Notes
Authors: Pak Alexander , Bernhard Delphine , Paroubek Patrick , Grouin Cyril
Published: January 2012

In this paper, we present the system we have developed for participating in the second task of the i2b2/VA 2011 challenge dedicated to emotion detection in clinical records. On the official evaluation, we ranked 6th out of 26 participants. Our best configuration, based upon a combination of both a machine-learning based approach and manually-defined transducers, obtained a 0.5383 global F-measure, while the distribution of the other 26 participants’ results is characterized by mean = 0.4875, stdev = 0.0742, min = 0.2967, max = 0.6139, and median = 0.5027. Combination of machine learning and transducer is achieved by computing the union of results from both approaches, each using a hierarchy of sentiment specific classifiers.
Emerging Pharmacotherapies for Adult Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Lee Lydia , Fielding Adele K.
Published: January 2012

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment regimes are amongst the longest, most intensive and complex used in hemato-oncology. Despite this, while treatment of pediatric ALL is a success story, we are far from being able to ensure a durable response in adult ALL. This is not due to failure of induction therapy as a complete remission (CR) is achieved in over 90% of patients. However the challenge remains in ensuring a sustained remission. Furthermore in the face of relapsed disease, salvage therapies currently offer a poor chance of a good outcome. This article reviews the novel agents which show the most promise in the treatment of adult ALL.
Proton Pump Inhibitors and the Prevention of Recurrent GI Bleed in Patients Treated with Clopidogrel
Authors: Oyetayo O.O. , Farris C.A. , Wahawisan J.
Published: January 2012

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet agent indicated in the management of atherothrombotic conditions. Bleeding is a predictable adverse event associated with antiplatelet agents. While non-ulcerogenic; a major site of bleeding with clopidogrel is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The risk of GI bleeding with clopidogrel monotherapy is generally low; however, it increases with the presence of other risk factors such as aspirin use, advanced age, prior GI bleed, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids and anticoagulants. In patients with a prior GI bleed, the risk of recurrence is high and strategies to prophylactically mitigate the risk should be implemented. In this review, evidence supporting the use of proton pump inhibitors to reduce the risk of recurrent GI bleed is discussed. Recommendations on an appropriate regimen to diminish the risk are provided.
Towards orbital dating of the EPICA Dome C ice core using δO2/N2
Authors: Landais A. , Dreyfus G. , Capron E. , Pol K. , Loutre M. F. , Raynaud D. , Lipenkov V. Y. , Arnaud L. , Masson-Delmotte V. , Paillard D. , Jouzel J. , Leuenberger M.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. Based on a composite of several measurement series performed on ice samples stored at −25 °C or −50 °C, we present and discuss the first δO2/N2 record of trapped air from the EPICA Dome C (EDC) ice core covering the period between 300 and 800 ka (thousands of years before present). The samples stored at −25 °C show clear gas loss affecting the precision and mean level of the δO2/N2 record. Two different gas loss corrections are proposed to account for this effect, without altering the spectral properties of the original datasets. Although processes at play remain to be fully understood, previous studies have proposed a link between surface insolation, ice grain properties at close-off, and δO2/N2 in air bubbles, from which orbitally tuned chronologies of the Vostok and Dome Fuji ice core records have been derived over the last four climatic cycles. Here, we show that limitations caused by data quality and resolution, data filtering, and uncertainties in the orbital tuning target limit the precision of this tuning method for EDC. Moreover, our extended record includes two periods of low eccentricity. During these intervals (around 400 ka and 750 ka), the matching between δO2/N2 and the different insolation curves is ambiguous because some local insolation maxima cannot be identified in the δO2/N2 record (and vice versa). Recognizing these limitations, we restrict the use of our δO2/N2 record to show that the EDC3 age scale is generally correct within its published uncertainty (6 kyr) over the 300–800 ka period.
PM-GCD – a combined IR–MW satellite technique for frequent retrieval of heavy precipitation
Authors: Casella D. , Dietrich S. , Di Paola F. , Formenton M. , Mugnai A. , Porcù F. , Sanò P.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. Precipitation retrievals based on measurements from microwave (MW) radiometers onboard low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites can reach high level of accuracy – especially regarding convective precipitation. At the present stage though, these observations cannot provide satisfactory coverage of the evolution of intense and rapid precipitating systems. As a result, the obtained precipitation retrievals are often of limited use for many important applications – especially in supporting authorities for flood alerts and weather warnings. To tackle this problem, over the past two decades several techniques have been developed combining accurate MW estimates with frequent infrared (IR) observations from geosynchronous (GEO) satellites, such as the European Meteosat Second Generation (MSG). In this framework, we have developed a new fast and simple precipitation retrieval technique which we call Passive Microwave – Global Convective Diagnostic, (PM-GCD). This method uses MW retrievals in conjunction with the Global Convective Diagnostic (GCD) technique which discriminates deep convective clouds based on the difference between the MSG water vapor (6.2 μm) and thermal-IR (10.8 μm) channels. Specifically, MSG observations and the GCD technique are used to identify deep convective areas. These areas are then calibrated using MW precipitation estimates based on observations from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) radiometers onboard operational NOAA and Eumetsat satellites, and then finally propagated in time with a simple tracking algorithm. In this paper, we describe the PM-GCD technique, analyzing its results for a case study that refers to a flood event that struck the island of Sicily in southern Italy on 1–2 October 2009.
Society of thoracic surgeons score: validação para pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca no instituto de cardiologia do RS – nota prévia
Authors: Rodrigues Clarissa Garcia , Moraes Maria Antonieta , Souza Emiliane Nogueira de , Garofallo Silvia , Portal Vera Lúcia , Silveira Daniel Pinheiro Machado da , Bordin Júnior Odemir Luiz
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTObjective: to evaluate the clinical accuracy of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Score in predicting mortality and postoperative complications in-hospital patients undergoing heart surgery at the Cardiology Institute of RS/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia. Method: a cohort study from quantitative approach. It will be considered on medical, demographic and clinical variables of 1223 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and / or valve replacement in December 2007 to December 2008. For the analysis of data will be used the program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, and the results are considered statistically significant if p
A importância do vínculo com o cliente cirúrgico para a realização dos diagnósticos de enfermagem psicossociais: estudo de caso
Authors: Pereira Shimmenes Kamacael , Carvalho Magali Rezende de , Santana Rosimere Ferreira
Published: January 2012

Objectives: to apply the nursing process using the language of classification and to show the effectiveness of care systematization. Methodology: report of clinical case conducted with a female patient of 26 years old, admitted in a General Hospital at the city of Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, during the period from March to April 2008. We used the technique of semi-structured interview based on Carpenito and the documentary survey of medical records analysis. The analysis proceeded second clinical reasoning of Risner. Results: nursing diagnosis were identified according to North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-NANDA, the main are: denial ineffective; hypothermia, acute pain, impared skin integrity, risk for infection, risk for fluid volume deficit, risk for situational low self-steem. Then was built a plan of care with the interventions proposed by Nursing Intervention Classification-NIC and the results were evaluated by Nursing Outcomes Classification-NOC. And to allow evaluation of nursing actions the results of the NOC were described in two phases, before and after intervention. Conclusion: we concluded that the nursing care based on NANDA, NIC and NOC is effective and transparent to the team of professionals. Descriptors: Nursing process; Nursing assessment; Perioperative care.
Cuidados de enfermagem dispensados aos pacientes com tubo orotraqueal: avaliação realizada em unidade de terapia intensiva
Authors: Lima Aires Gomes Giselle Pinheiro , Barbosa Rezende Adriana Arruda , Silva Íris Lima , Almeida Joana D’Arc Ponce de Almeida Ponde de , Beresford Heron
Published: January 2012

Objective: to evaluate the care dispensed by the nursing team of the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Public of Gurupi to patients using orotracheal tube. Methods: this is about a descriptive, observational research, from quantitative analysis. The observation of care, according to the protocol aimed at the handling of the endotracheal tube, occurred for seven days in March 2009 for 14 hours a day, with a total of 105 hours. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University Castelo Branco (0169/2008). Results: checking blood pressure of the cuff every 12 hours and hydration of the lips every four hours was not performed by nursing staff, the oral hygiene was performed only once a day, but was assured by professionals an alternative means of communication intubated patients, the exchange and holding the lace was made daily, the use of gauze on the sides of the oral cavity was placed when it was apparent some aggression to the skin of the patient, the aspiration of endotracheal tube with aseptic technique, was performed to avoid complications. Conclusion: the nursing team observed presented failures in attendance which could be reduced through implanting specific protocols for handling of the orotracheal tube. Descriptors: intubation; nursing care; intensive care unit.
Processo de enfermagem fundamentado na teoria do autocuidado de Orem a um paciente submetido à cirurgia bariátrica
Authors: Felix Lidiany Galdino , Nóbrega Maria Miriam Lima da , Soares Maria Júlia Guimarães de Oliveira
Published: January 2012

Objective: to apply the nursing process fundament on the Theory of Orem’ Self-care, through the conduct of a report of clinical case, with a patient submitted to bariatric surgery. Methods: this is about a descriptive study, from qualitative approach, report of clinical case type, performed in a patient with morbid obesity, included in Bariatric Surgery Group of a teaching hospital in João Pessoa-PB city. For data collection was used a script adapted to Theory of Orem’ Self-care, which led to the identification of deficits of self-care and therefore to nursing diagnoses. It was then developed the plan of nursing care, with the determination of goals, objectives, method of assistance, type of system and nursing interventions. This study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital of the Federal University of Paraiba (054/07). Results: from the identification of nursing diagnoses was established and implemented the plan of nursing care with the aim of restoring the patient to prevent postoperative complications, promote recovery and prepare you for the self-care. Conclusion: it is considered that the application of the nursing process, based on Theory of Orem’ Self-care, enabled the provision of assistance and qualified individual, encouraging the patient to participate actively in their treatment, but also to increase their responsibility in the outcome of care. Descriptors: nursing; nursing process; self care; bariatric surgery.
Coping among nurses of the operating room and recovery room
Authors: Guido Laura De Azevedo , Bianchi Estela Regina Ferraz , Linch Graciele Fernanda da Costa
Published: January 2012

Objective: to indentify the coping strategies used by nurses of the Operating Room and Recovery Room. Methods: this is a descriptive study, from quantitative approach. Data was collected by inventory of coping strategies of Lazarus and Folkman, which includes thoughts and actions used to deal with external or internal demands of a particular stressor, centralizing in the use of strategies for coping. The results were verified as statistically significant or not, stablishing the level of significance of 5%. Results: it was found that the confrontation and overcoming of stress in the workplace, converged for the pleasure and satisfaction of nurses. As the process is understood as an interactive model, in wich the relations between person and workplace interact constantly, it becomes evident that the adaptation of the human being to the different stress situations is necessary so that the adequate coping happens. Conclusion: it is concluded that the strategy used by nurses was more problem-solving and less used, the removal. Descriptors: stress; adaptation psychological; operating rooms.