bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bentonite buffer under high temperature: laboratory experiments and coupled process modeling
Authors: Zheng Liange , Chang Chun , Borglin Sharon , Yoon Sangcheol , Chou Chunwei , Wu Yuxin , Birkholzer Jens T.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Bentonite buffer in a geological repository will be
simultaneously heated from decaying radioactive waste and hydrated from the
surrounding host rock, triggering complex and coupled THMC
(thermal–hydrological–mechanical–chemical) processes. Understanding the THMC
behavior of bentonite-based engineered barrier system (EBS) is key to the evaluation and prediction of
its long-term performance. Studies on the THMC process have been focused on
conditions under 100 ∘C, as most design concepts impose a
thermal limit of 100 ∘C in bentonite. Recently, studies under
high-temperature conditions have been conducted to evaluate the possibility
of raising the thermal limit and expanding the data/knowledge base to
increase the confidence level. In this abstract, we present a series of
bench-scale laboratory experiments at high temperatures (up to
200 ∘C) and the corresponding modeling work. Two sets of
column tests were conducted, and each set consisted of two test columns: a
control column undergoing only hydration (non-heated) and an experiment
column experiencing both heating and hydration (heated). During the
experiment, frequent X-ray computed tomography (CT) images were collected to provide a 3D
visualization of the density distribution and present the spatiotemporal
evolution of (1) hydration/dehydration, (2) clay swelling/shrinkage, (3) displacement, and (4) mineral precipitation. The two sets of tests differ with respect to
several experimental conditions, such as bentonite type, compacted density
and water content, water chemistry, and hydration pressure, but the
important difference is that the first set used bentonite powder with a dry
density of 1.28 g cm−3, whereas the second set used granulated bentonite (mixture
of pellets and powder) with a dry density of 1.45–1.5 g cm−3. In both
sets of experiments, a comprehensive post-dismantling characterization of
bentonite samples was carried out after the column tests had been running for
1.5 years. Comparing non-heated and heated columns, the temperature gradient led
to lower degree of homogenization of bentonite after bentonite became fully
saturated; comparing the first and second sets, granulated and powdered
bentonite exhibited drastically different hydration behavior. A THM model
with a 2D axisymmetric grid system was used to interpret the data from the
first set of tests. The model considers the combined impact of saturation,
fluid pressure, and porosity change due to swelling/compression on the
spatiotemporal distribution of bulk density and movement of the thermocouple
modules. Observations from the tests help us understand the early
perturbation of bentonite buffer under high temperature, and data from these
tests improve the calibration of key constitutive hydrological and
mechanical models and, therefore, enhance the modeling capability with respect to
calculating the long-term evolution of bentonite buffer.
The black swans of nuclear repositories – an overview of external events with a potentially serious impact on the long-term operation and safety
Authors: Hagemann Sven
Published: September 2023

Abstract. For Germany, the time until completion and final closure of a repository is
estimated to be up to 150 years. So far, it has been implicitly assumed that external political, economic, and infrastructural functions that are
necessary for the construction, operation, and closure of such facilities
will be fully in place throughout the entire operating period. These
include, for example, power supply, presence of well-trained staff, and
effective oversight. Event sequences initiated by natural disasters or human-made crises may lead to unintentional long-lasting disruptions of these external safety functions. They are currently only partly considered in safety assessments. To make repository concepts robust against such scenarios, a forward-looking risk analysis is required that creates the basis for a holistic comparative risk assessment of different repository concepts. It provides a starting point for the development of additional resilient structures, management processes, and safety functions. A risk analysis includes an assessment of event-specific vulnerabilities as
well as potential consequences of unintended external hazards for various
disposal concepts. The first step of this process would be a hazard analysis
– a summary and evaluation of external event sequences that have the
potential to compromise essential safety elements of a repository within the
predicted operation period. These can be divided into political–economic
crises and event sequences following transnational natural disasters. A look at the political development of the past 150 years shows that even if only the present territory of Germany is considered, there have been profound disruptions, such as three wars, several major economic
depressions, revolutionary government changes, and attempted military coups.
This summary shows that political and economic stability as well as a
continuous orderly operation cannot be taken for granted. Historic as well
as present experiences from the country where the repository is planned as
well as the neighbouring regions should be considered when assessing the
potential consequences of such events. Local natural disasters are already taken into account in site selection,
e.g. risk of flooding, volcanism, or earthquakes. Less attention is
typically given to the indirect effects of transnational disastrous events.
These include climatic extremes (e.g. droughts), cosmic and geological
disasters (e.g. geomagnetic storms) and their climatic consequences (e.g.
volcanic winter), and pandemics. Such natural disasters may cause
economic depressions and subsequently contribute to political turmoil (e.g.
the drought of 1788 as one of the causes of the French Revolution in 1789). At the stage of concept design, additional safety elements, measures, and
processes should be included that help to manage situations of external
stress and to avoid irreversible processes that challenge the safety
architecture of the repository.
Public participation in nuclear waste storage and disposal: a comparative analysis of German and US approaches
Authors: Djokić Denia , Kelle Friederike Luise
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The national nuclear waste management programs of Germany
and the United States of America currently both find themselves at critical
junctures. The US government is reviving its efforts for consent-based
siting of a consolidated interim nuclear waste storage facility (, ), in the
momentary absence of, but with future hope for, a viable permanent disposal
solution for the nation's nuclear waste. Germany is in the process of
implementing legal directives to find a final disposal site for its nuclear
waste that meets high safety standards (BASE, 2022), while further developing its
strategy for public participation in the process (Weißpflug et al., 2022). The two national
contexts exhibit significant differences in political systems, historical
trajectories, institutional roles, and societal structure, as well as
attitudes towards nuclear energy and radioactive waste disposal strategies
(Richter et al., 2022; Saraç-Lesavre, 2021; Joppke, 1993; Blattmann et al., 2023). However, respective approaches to public participation in
managing and disposing of nuclear waste exhibit some commonalities in
motivations, strategies, and goals. What can policy audiences in both
countries learn from the respective national nuclear waste management
programs, creating the potential for participatory processes to be more
adaptive, responsive, and flexible to a diversity of values and social
actors? How do the findings from the comparative analysis of US and German
cases translate into policy-relevant lessons for other national waste
management programs engaging with the design of participatory processes and
nuclear waste governance frameworks? We offer a systematic comparative analysis of the foundations and rationale
of the US and German programs for nuclear waste disposal. We aim to
illuminate conceptual and empirical contrasts and comparisons between the
two nations' engagement of the public in the storage and disposal of spent
nuclear fuel, leading to nationally appropriate policy-relevant insights.
Categories for analysis include national disposal goals, historical
trajectories, institutional setup, and definition of partners in
participation processes. Through comparison and contrast of these categories
across the two nations, we allow for deeper insight into the conditions,
frameworks, and assumptions in which policy makers operate and can draw from
Hopkin (2010). This discussion will identify and compare relevant knowledge, narratives,
and legal frameworks in each nation's approach to incorporating public
participation in the process of searching for a site to store or dispose of
nuclear waste. We encourage reflection and learning through comparing and
contrasting core principles of these two cases, with the aim of maximizing
avenues of mutual learning towards responsible, safe, and democratic nuclear
waste management.
Transdisciplinary research with respect to trust/confidence building by longer-term, near-field monitoring of a geological repository – part II
Authors: Othmer Johann Arne , Lux Karl-Heinz , Wolters Ralf , Feierabend Jörg
Published: September 2023

Abstract. In the disposal of radioactive waste in Germany, a question arises with regards to how confidence in the safety and thus also in the acceptability of a deep geological repository can be increased. One way to achieve this is to involve the interested public in the monitoring process of the repository, even after the emplacement phase and even in already backfilled areas of the repository. The transdisciplinary research project TRANSENS, specifically its work package TRUST, is investigating how the longer-term monitoring of a deep geological repository can lead to greater trust and confidence among the public. This scientific research is done in cooperation with a group of non-scientific actors chosen from the interested public, the so-called ArbeitsGruppeBevölkerung (AGBe). Results of a first workshop held together with the scientific research members and 12 non-scientific actors were already presented in Othmer et al. (2021). Building on this first workshop, a second workshop was held on the topic of repository monitoring. The results of this second workshop are presented in this article, focussing on the workshop process, the used methodology, and the insights gained. The second workshop consisted of three blocks, namely joint transdisciplinary research, concerns and reservations, and conflicting goals in the technical design of longer-term repository monitoring. After the workshop, an online questionnaire was sent out to AGBe members to gather their basic attitudes towards repository monitoring and the weighting of individual aspects of the monitoring concept. The results provided insights into the requirements of the AGBe for the design of socio-technical monitoring concepts that are considered trustworthy. The findings also revealed existing concerns and reservations, requirements for the technical design, and the relevance of individual aspects of the monitoring concept. Moreover, a change in attitude towards repository monitoring was observed, compared to the first workshop. In addition, the second workshop improved the experience in the application of various methods for transdisciplinary formats. It made progress in the transdisciplinary treatment of near-field monitoring topic as well because
relevant information for the design of a socio-technical-based monitoring
concept was developed. Further topics, such as decision-making based on
technical monitoring data, were identified and will be dealt with using transdisciplinary formats during a third workshop.
Lessons for the organization of nuclear decommissioning from the UK and the US: risks, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Wimmers Alexander , von Hirschhausen Christian
Published: September 2023

Abstract. With more and more nuclear power plants (NPPs) reaching
the end of their operational lifetimes, nuclear decommissioning is set to
become a challenge of increasing significance for the nuclear industry and
regulators alike (Laraia, 2018). Until today, only a handful of
commercial NPPs have been fully decommissioned, while most decommissioning
projects last several years to decades (Schneider et al.,
2022). While technical expertise is being steadily increased as more and
more projects enter the decommissioning phase, literature on the
organization of nuclear decommissioning is limited. Previous research
highlights the necessity of further insight into the various organizational
models that have been implemented in different countries such as Germany,
the UK, and the US, amongst others (Wimmers et al., 2023). In
the present paper, we highlight the discrepancies between two market-based
organizational models in the UK and the US. First, we investigate the
implementation and failure of the UK's “parent body organization” model
and the subsequent return to state-run decommissioning of the legacy fleet.
By further analyzing the market-based approach in the US, especially
focusing on emerging decommissioning specialists, we derive risks,
challenges, and opportunities of market-based and state-run decommissioning
approaches. Most notably, we find that market-based approaches carry the
risk of information asymmetry and high transaction costs, although this
strongly depends on the implementation (Williamson, 1975; Beckers et al., 2012). One major challenge is to secure financial
liability from nuclear operators (Lordan-Perret et al., 2021). This issue is also complex regarding state-run
decommissioning, but in that case the financial burden will ultimately lie
with taxpayers. But market-based approaches, when compared to state-run
organization, might bring advantages through economies of scale and learning
effects that could lead to safer, faster, and more cost-efficient
decommissioning of NPPs, unless supply chain bottle necks occur, although no
evidence of this could be identified. Given the rising significance of
nuclear decommissioning in the future, policy makers must focus their
attention on implementing regulation that allows for efficient
decommissioning, which, as our paper shows, depends on country-specific
organization of industry, regulation, and governance.
No data instead of big data – a novel approach to stress modelling
Authors: Ziegler Moritz O. , Heidbach Oliver , Rajabi Mojtaba
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Knowledge of the undisturbed stress state in the subsurface
is of key interest for the safety assessment of deep geological repositories.
However, stress magnitude data are usually sparse, the available data are subject to large uncertainties, and the acquisition of new data is expensive. This
highlights the importance of 3D geomechanical-numerical models that provide the full stress tensor throughout a volume of interest. Nevertheless, such a model needs some stress magnitude data for calibration. However, what happens if there
are no such data available? We present a novel approach that enables a model to be calibrated on indirect
observations instead of (or in addition to) stress magnitude data. First,
the range of stress states that are theoretically possible are defined.
These stress states are then assessed for plausibility by comparison with
indirect observations or manifestations of the stress state. Amongst
indirect data suitable for the approach are formation integrity tests, borehole breakouts, drilling-induced tensile fractures, and other indirect data: Formation integrity tests
(FITs) are commonly executed during drilling. A successful FIT does not provide
a stress magnitude estimate, but it can be used as a lower bound for the
least principal stress component. Modelled stress states that predict a
least principal stress magnitude higher than an FIT pressure at a corresponding
location and depth are expected to be unreliable. Borehole breakouts
occur if the maximum circumferential stress around a borehole wall exceeds
the compressive strength of the rock. Areas with observed breakouts can be
compared to the modelled circumferential stress state at the corresponding
location and depth in conjunction with an assumption regarding the rock strength. A stress state that shows an agreement between the observations and model
results is expected to be reliable. Drilling-induced tensile fractures
occur if the minimum circumferential stress around a borehole wall is
smaller than the tensile strength of the rock. A modelled stress state's
reliability is assessed analogously to the borehole breakouts. Further
indirect data may be observations of seismicity (stress state reaches a
critical state) or available estimates on the differential stress. All of this indirect information available on a volume of interest is assessed individually in order to single out reliable stress states. Finally, a combination of different types of indirect data allows one to significantly narrow down the range of possible stress states. Instead of pinpointing an uncertain single
best-fit stress state, a range of likely stress states can be provided with
a high level of certainty. In addition, characteristics of the lithology are
reflected in the additional data and help to improve the model.
Methods for the quantification of uncertainties in thermo–hydro–mechanical simulations for safety analyses and influence of modelling decisions
Authors: Nagel Thomas , Bittens Maximilian , Buchwald Jörg , Chaudhry Aqeel A. , Ernst Oliver G. , Gräsle Werner , Kiszkurno Feliks , Kurgyis Kata , Maßmann Jobst , Mayr Sibylle , Thiedau Jan , Zhang Chao
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The simulation of thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical coupled processes can be a decisive factor in the integrity assessment of geotechnical and geological barriers. Modelling decisions, such as the representation of heterogeneity and the constitutive models used, significantly impact the simulation outcome (Wagener and Pianosi, 2019). Furthermore, numerical inputs to the simulation, i.e. material parameters and boundary conditions, are subject to uncertainty. This results in a lower confidence level of the outcome, even if the overall simulation framework is well validated. To derive robust conclusions from such analyses, it is important to quantify the relative impact of modelling decisions and inputs on certain quantities of interest. Parameter uncertainties can be quantified by their forward propagation through the discretized problem (Helton, 1994), providing a natural frame of reference for quantifying structural uncertainty (Bond et al., 2007), such as the representation of heterogeneity, and for model validation. This contribution will focus on the latter aspects. We present research on workflows for the unification of evaluating uncertainty in experimental data and certain modelling decisions. We first
focus on parameter uncertainty quantification and the resulting conclusions
concerning the chosen modelling approach. Hereafter, scale questions are
addressed in the context of heterogeneity and anisotropy, based on selected
case studies. We close by discussing two example applications, namely one at the Underground Research Laboratory (URL) scale (Mount Terri Full-Scale Emplacement (FE) experiment) and one at the repository scale (ANSICHT Ton Nord model). This work is done as part of the Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz (BGE URS) research cluster.
Requirements for inventory models of radioactive waste
Authors: Rauscher Berit , Vespa Marika , Haneke Kirsten
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The aim of the final disposal of radioactive waste is to ensure the best possible safety for the long-term protection (i.e. 1 million years) of humans and the environment from ionizing radiation and other harmful effects of this waste. In Germany, the Site Selection Act (StandAG) regulates the procedure for determining the site with the best possible safety for a repository with high-level radioactive waste. One of the mandatory aspects of the StandAG is to perform various preliminary safety
assessments in order to assess the expected extent of the safe confinement of the radioactive waste. For this purpose, all information (in particular on the quantity, type, composition and activity) of the waste (i.e. the
inventory) is required to conduct the respective safety assessment. On behalf of the Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management
(BASE) and within the framework of the research project “Significance of the radioactive waste inventory in the site selection for a repository (InvEnd)”, Brenk Systemplanung GmbH identified the characteristics of the inventory required for the preliminary safety assessments. To determine these inventory characteristics, two main data sources were analysed, namely the generic but host-rock-specific concepts for a German high-level radioactive waste repository and the inventory data and approaches of other countries with technologically developed repository programmes. The identified characteristics can be divided into different groups (e.g.
geometric, chemical, radiological and physical) and categories such as
primary inventory data that are essential for carrying out the preliminary
safety assessments or secondary inventory data which validate the primary
inventory data. The evaluation of the impact of the identified characteristics shows that
especially data on component-specific chemical composition and
component-specific radionuclide inventory have a high impact on the results of safety assessments. These characteristics are, in turn, dependent on other characteristics, such as the irradiation history and the original chemical composition of the fuel in addition to the structural parts of the fuel assemblies. Furthermore, the study assesses uncertainties of the inventory characteristics, such as data uncertainty and conceptual uncertainty. The
extent of data uncertainty depends on the inventory characteristic. However, in most cases, only qualitative assessments are possible. Conceptual uncertainties depend on the degree of simplification used to define reference wastes but cannot be quantified yet, as no reference wastes have been defined. The results of this study enable authorities and waste management
organizations to identify the key data of high-level radioactive waste
inventories that are essential for conducting safety assessments of
repositories, even during early stages of site selection and planning.
Translanguaging in Family Communication
Authors: Szilágyi Janka , Szécsi Tünde
Published: September 2023

This paper reports on a phenomenological study that examined Hungarian American parents’ perceptions and practices related to translanguaging—a systematic scaffolding strategy that utilizes multiple linguistic repertoires to facilitate competence and performance in two or more language—in family communication. We used semistructured interviews with questions related to language use, parents’ reactions to translanguaging, and their perceptions of why and how translanguaging occurs in oral and written family communications. The participants included twelve Hungarian American families with adolescent children who used the Hungarian language in family communication. The findings indicated that most families found translanguaging natural and positive, and these families used supportive and constructive behaviors when translanguaging happened. A few parents rejected the practice of translanguaging when the communication took place in Hungarian, which indicated monoglossic language ideologies. These divergent views of family language policy were often explained by the familial, social, and cultural contexts of the families. Because parents are the main stakeholders in language maintenance, their perspectives and practices are essential. This paper contributes to our understanding of family language policies regarding translanguaging and offer recommendations for a minority language community, the Hungarian American immigrant community, for which translanguaging is not well researched. jszilagy@brockport.edu
Efektivitas Kerja Receptionist Dalam Menangani Tamu Check – In Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Jumana Bali Ungasan Resort
Authors: Anjasuari Anak Agung Istri Sri , Wulan Anak Agung Istri Ratna Sari , Putra Dewa Gede
Published: September 2023

This final project research takes place at Jumana Bali Ungasan Resort.The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of receptionist work in handling guest check-in during the COVID-19 pandemic at Jumana Bali Ungasan Resort. The data collection and analysis are in the form of documentation and interviews. It was found that several things were not done, including the receptionist who had not arrived 5 minutes before the work shift started. From the results of the research that has been described, it is suggested  the receptionist is expected to carry out routine training, such as conducting management training for supervisors and all staff related to grooming at work and implementation of health protocols during the pandemic.
Efektivitas Pelayanan Amenities Tamu oleh Section At Your Service pada Era Pandemi COVID-19 di Hotel The Westin Resort & Spa Ubud Bali
Authors: Wulan Anak Agung Istri Ratna Sari , Ayusman I Kadek Arista Priana , Arthini Ni Nyoman Suci
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan di The Westin Resort & Spa Ubud Bali. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu ingin mengetahui efektivitas pelayanan amenities tamu oleh section at your service pada era pandemi COVID-19 di Hotel The Westin Resort & Spa Ubud Bali, menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan cara melakukan wawancara secara online, dengan karyawan at your service (AYS), yang berperan sebagai narasumber dalam penelitian ini. Selama melakukan penelitian, ditemukan beberapa hal yang belum sesuai dilakukan sesuai standar pelayanan  amenities di The Westin Resort & Spa Ubud Bali, diantaranya belum memperbarui tingkat hunian kamar dan informasi di sistem; belum mengecek permintaan special tamu; tidak stand by untuk menerima telepon dari tamu yang akan check out hari itu; belum mempersiapkan amenities dan welcome card untuk tamu vip, special request, dan target promotor; tidak memasukan case GXP dan permintaan dari tamu; belum courtesy call dan follow up kemudian masukan ke GXP jika tamu melaporkan ada masalah.

 

Kata kunci:

Efektivitas, AYS, Amenities.
Peran Media Sosial Instagram (IG) Sebagai Media Promosi di D'Shopia Florist Bali
Authors: Sedaniati Ni Made Sri , Sekarti Ni Ketut , Arthini Ni Nyoman Suci
Published: September 2023

Instagram (IG) has become one of the most widely used social media platforms for promotional purposes due to its various features. Businesses in the florist industry, such as D'Sophia Florist Bali, also utilize Instagram (IG) as a promotional tool. This research aims to understand the role of Instagramas a promotional medium for D'Sophia Florist Bali. The study adopts a quantitative approach in collecting and analyzing data. The instrument used is a questionnaire involving 50 respondents who are followers of D'Sophia Florist Bali on Instagram (IG). The questionnaire consists of 10 structured statements regarding 5 online promotion indicators, with responses divided into 5 scales. The research findings show that two indicators, namely advertising and sales promotion, have lower scores which is indicating a less effective role. On the other hand,  three indicators such as public relations, direct marketing, and personal selling, have good scores, which is indicating their effective role. This research provides a deeper understanding of the promotion indicators that influence the promotional activities of D'Sophia Florist Bali. The implication of these findings is the need for D'Sophia Florist Bali to enhance their promotional activities conducted through Instagram (IG).
Keywords:
Instagram (IG), promotion, florist
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USE OF THE DRUG MASTOVET IN TREATING CATTLE WITH DIGITAL ULCERS
Authors:   Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Rukol V.M. , Makeenko E.V. ,   Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Khovailo V.A. ,   Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results on studying the effect of the drug Mastovet on the healing of digital ulcers in cattle. It was found that this drug reduces the period of treatment by an average of 5.6 days compared to the traditional method of treatment with a complex powder. The total economic effect of the use of the drug Mastovet is 56.84 rubles per animal.
Lichenomphalia umbellifera: fungible and infungible epithets and species concepts
Authors: Voitk Andrus , Thorn Greg , Saar Irja
Published: September 2023

Comparison of the protologue of Agaricus umbellifer L. with specimens and descriptions of the basidiolichen Lichenomphalia umbellifera (L.) Redhead & al. revealed that the epithet umbellifera was misapplied to the Lichenomphalia species, causing several
major conflicts with Linnaeus's species concept. A felicitous match for Linnaeus's species concept was found with a species of Marasmius sect. Epiphylli. Because A. umbellifer falls in a group that arises from an evolutionary pathway divergent from that leading to Marasmius
s. str., we erected a new genus, Owingsia, to accommodate it, and recombined the type species as Owingsia umbellifera. Molecular studies demonstrated that it is a widely distributed circumpolar species, prevalent in Lapland and islands of the Baltic Sea, where Linnaeus encountered
it. The earliest legitimate description of the basidiolichen L. umbellifera is A. pseudoandrosaceus Bull., a name superseded by the sanctioned later synonym, A. ericetorum Pers. We recombined this basionym as L. ericetorum, and epitypified O. umbellifera
and L. ericetorum with modern sequenced specimens.
ЖЫЛҚЫ САҚАУЫН ЕМДЕУГЕ АРНАЛҒАН БАКТЕРИОФАГ
Authors: Сармыкова Махпал , Б. А. Еспембетов , Н Сырым , К. Д. Алиханов , А.А. Самбетпаев
Published: September 2023

Мақала Алматы облысының шаруашылықтарының сыртқы орта объектілерінен жиналған сынамалардан (топырақ, су, қи және мурын мен ауыз қуысынан алынған жағындылар) оқшауланған Streptococcus equi бактериофагтарының жаңа изоляттарының морфологиясы, литикалық белсенділігін, сондай-ақ оларға жоғары температураның, хлороформның және центрифугалау режимдерінің әсерін зерттеуге арналған.

Оқшауланған бактериофагтар әр түрлі литикалық белсенділікті көрсетті. Aппельман әдісі бойынша 10-5-тен 10-8-ге дейін және Грация әдісі 2 х 108-ден 9 х 108 БТБ /мл болса, Отто әдісі бойынша бөлінген фагтар тек қана Streptococcus equi-ге телімді екені анықталды. Зерттелетін бактериофагтар 60оС температурада 30 минут бойы өңдеуге және 1:10 қатынасында хлороформмен 40 минут өңдеуге төзімді екені анықталса, өсіру уақыты 18-20 сағат, центрифулау арқылы тазарту режімі 4000 айн/мин 20 минутты құрады.

Кешенді зерттеліп жатқан бактериофагтардың морфологиялық қасиеттерін анықтау мақсатында электронды микроскопия әдісі қолданылды. Аталмыш зерттеу  JEM  100  CX  JEOL  микроскопы арқылы жүзеге асты. Нәтижесінде қоршаған ортадан  оқшауланған бактериофагтардың өлшемі 1-4 нм құрайтыны анықталды.  Әрмен қарай бактериофагтар сақау аурыуын емдейтін препарат әзірлеу  мақсатында қосымша зерттеулер жүргізіліп сарапталатын болады.
Hydrogeophysical Investigation of Underground Water in Sabon Kaura Community, Bauchi, Nigeria
Authors: M.M. Mohammed , O.O. Samuel , E.B. Sanni
Published: September 2023

Hydrogeophysics is the investigation of underground formations to understand the hydrologic cycle using geophysical techniques, which aids to understand the groundwater quality and type of aquifer. One of the surface geophysical methods is the Vertical Electrical Sounding; it is effective in the investigation of layer resistivity and thicknesses of layers at various depths of interest as well as aquifer thickness. Twenty (20) VES points were sounded with maximum spread AB/2 of 60 m. The VES data was processed using IPI2 win and sounding curves obtained at most combinations which include HA, QH, KHK, KHA, A and H. The sounding curves were observed to have five layers at most: the first layer resistivity and thickness ranges (53.1–606 Ωm, 0.545–6.24 m) followed by the second layer ranging (7.7–730 Ωm, 2.17–20.4 m) and the third layer act in most of the VES as the aquiferous zone which ranges from (19–160000 Ωm, 17.2–20.1 m); jiggling was also observed within the fractured-fresh crystalline basement which represents fractures. The recommended depth of drilling ranges from 50–60 m over granite/bauchite where extensive weathering and fracturing is observed and over migmatite and gneiss 70–80 m as only fracturing was observed at deeper depth. The yield anticipated in the recommendation is moderate-high with a very low or low yield from the non-recommended VES.
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk for premature employment exit: A longitudinal study among 60 427 middle-aged and older workers from the Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank
Authors: Runge Katharina , van Zon Sander KR , Henkens Kène , Bültmann Ute
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine whether (i) metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk for premature employment exit and (ii) a dose–response relationship exists between an increasing number of MetS components and premature employment exit among middle-aged and older workers.

METHODS: A sample of N=60 427 Dutch workers (40–64 years old) from the Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank were examined using data from five measurement waves during a total median follow-up time of 4.2 years. MetS components were based on physical measures, blood markers, and medication use. Premature employment exit types (ie, unemployment, work disability, and early retirement) were determined using questionnaires. MetS and number of MetS components were examined as risk factors for premature employment exit using competing risk regression analysis.

RESULTS: MetS significantly increased the risk for work disability [adjusted sub distribution hazard ratio (SHR) 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54–2.05] and unemployment (adjusted SHR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.26). A clear dose–response relationship was found for an increasing number of MetS components and work disability. No associations were found between MetS (components) and early retirement after adjusting for sociodemographic factors.

CONCLUSIONS: MetS was identified as a modifiable early-stage cardio-metabolic risk factor especially for work disability and, to a lesser extent, for unemployment. Further, a clear dose–response relationship was found between an increasing number of MetS components and work disability. MetS interventions and prevention might help to prolong working lives. More awareness is needed among employers and occupational health professionals about the premature employment exit risk faced by middle-aged and older workers with MetS.
Long working hours and all-cause mortality in China: A 26-year follow-up study
Authors: Huang Yeen , Xiang Yingping , Zhou Wei , Li Guanpeng , Zhao Chengzhi , Zhang Di , Fang Shenying
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVES: The relationship between long working hours and the risk of mortality has been debated in various countries. This study aimed to investigate the association between long working hours and all-cause mortality in a large population-based cohort in China.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study (N=10 269) used a large, nationally representative data set [the China Health and Nutrition Surveys (CHNS)] from 1989 to 2015. Long working hours (≥55 hours per week) were compared to standard working hours (35–40 hours per week). The outcome measure was all-cause mortality. Hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was calculated from Cox proportional hazards regression models, with stratified analyses to assess differences in mortality risk among subgroups.

RESULTS: Among the participants, 411 deaths (3.52 per 1000 person-years) occurred during a median follow-up of 11.0 (range 4.0–18.0) years. After adjusting for covariates, long working hours were associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality [HR 1.49, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.02–2.18]. Stratified analyses revealed that this association was present only among men (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.15–2.75) and smoking participants (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.05–2.57).

CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence of an association between long working hours and all-cause mortality, which is specifically observed among men and smokers. Targeted interventions should be implemented to reduce excessive working hours and identify individuals at elevated risk, with support from labor organizations, policymakers, and employers.
The Nexus between Social, Environmental, Law, Governance Dimensions and Economic Development for Indonesian’s SDGs Achievement
Authors: Zulfikar Rizka , Purboyo  , Yulianti Farida , Lamsah  , Vitria Aida
Published: September 2023

This study aims to identify the nexus between social, environmental, legal, governance dimensions and the economic development in order to achieve SDGS in Indonesia.   The research uses quantitative methods with the primary data in the form of the SDGS Achievement indicators obtained from the 2015 to 2022 Indonesia National Planning Agency and Central Bureau of Statistics. The data analysis techniques are SEM-PLS bootstrapping, with confidence interval of 5%. The results showed that social, environmental, legal and governance development have a positive influence on economic development  towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development goals.  All the results of the t-test exceed 1.96,  the P Values, which denote the level of significance required, are below 0.05, and the adjusted  R Square  has the value of 0.888 (88.8%), which suggests that its capability to clarify the correlation between social, environmental, law, governance and the economic development variable is robust, with an 88.8% level of accuracy. The implication of this research that economic growth has brought about many benefits for Indonesia, also proved to have significant impacts on various aspects of society, including the environment, social structures, law, and governance.  It is critical to note that policymakers and stakeholders work together to address these challenges and to ensure that the development is sustainable and equitable for all Indonesians.
Cyber Crime and The Use of Internet Banking in The Community of Denpasar City
Authors: Sriary Bhegawati Desak Ayu , Desak Made Sukarnasih
Published: September 2023

The three objectives of this study were to determine: 1) the effects of internet banking on cybercrime in Denpasar City; 2) the effects of consumer protection for users of internet banking facilities on cybercrime in Denpasar; and 3) the effects of both the use of internet banking and consumer protection for users of internet banking facilities on cybercrime in Denpasar. This is a quantifiable research with population comprising the residents of Denpasar . The information was collected through a survey with 150 respondents using an unintentional selection technique. To evaluate the data collection, the traditional premise test, the multiple linear regression analysis, the coefficient of determination test (R2), and the hypothesis test (F-test and t-test) were all implemented.  The outcome demonstrates: 1) The use of internet banking positively impacts cybercrime in Denpasar. 2) Consumer protection for users of internet banking facilities positively impacts cybercrime in Denpasar. 3) The use of internet banking positively impacts both consumer protection for users of internet banking facilities and cybercrime in Denpasar.
Literature Study of Cross-Cultural Size Comparisons Against Personality Traits
Authors: Sitinjak Charli
Published: September 2023

After more than a century of research at the university, personality traits have been fully studied and measured, thanks to the work of many researchers. The Big Five is one of the most popular personality tests. It was created using an ethical approach, which says that personality traits should be measured in the same way in all cultures. But as the effects of different cultures grow and researchers learn more, ethical approaches to measuring personality are increasingly questioned. In anthropological research, emic approaches emphasizing the importance of specific cultural methods have been studied. This method is used to create the Big Six and Big Seven scales below. These measurements have been tested and found to be more accurate and valid for measuring personality traits in the right group of people. So, this study is intended to provide a literature review that summarizes how personality traits are defined, the specific content and development of such measurements using ethical and emic approaches, measurement problems based on relevant research, and several other things to think about. About when assessing personality traits using an etic and EMIC approach.
The Role of Indonesia’s Islamic Philanthropic Institutions in Poverty Alleviation During the Covid 19 Pandemic 2022
Authors: Amalin Rizkya Lutfi , SA Romli , Maftukhatusolikhah
Published: September 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on both health and the economy. One of the impacts is the increase in poverty in Indonesia where lot of people struggle for their daily needs. As one of the countries with the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia has a number of philanthropic institutions to enhance the welfare of society, one of which is BAZNAS. Through BAZNAS, it is hoped that cooperation with the government, the community, and other zakat management bodies to manage zakat nationally, to alleviate poverty and to improve people's welfare can be implemented. This is a qualitative research with a case study type. A case study research describes the current state of the research object based on facts and sober data. Zakat management is carried out according to their duties and responsibilities as stipulated in Zakat Management Law No. 23 of 2011. BAZNAS' efforts in eradicating poverty through zakat have been considered successful. Poverty alleviation carried out by BAZNAS RI contributed to 17.77% to the poverty alleviation of the national zakat program. In addition, this result contributes 0.31% to national poverty alleviation based on BPS.
The Development Ideas for Travel Applications Featuring Three Tourism Objects in Indonesia
Authors: Satrya I Dewa Gde , Kaihatu Thomas S , Budidharmanto Lexi Pranata
Published: September 2023

In recent years, digital transformation has changed the way an organization operates.  In the tourism industry, such transformation becomes the necessity as technology keeps developing. Travel can be made easier in some ways, one of which is through the development of travel applications. It is crucial to identify the tourists’ needs and the expectations regarding the user-friendly travel applications. There are in fact a number of applications sprung up in the tourism sector, however, only some of them fulfil the criteria. This study is conducted to develop applications that are considered users-friendly and meet both the needs and the expectations of the tourists. It further investigates what tourists need and expect concerning the related applications.  The novelty of this research lies in identifying the expectations and needs of travel apps among millennial by raising case studies in three tourist destinations, namely Borobudur and Dieng, both are in Central Java, and Bayan Village in Lombok. This is a research with a qualitative method. The primary data were obtained through focus group discussions (FGD) and online interviews, whereas the secondary data were generated through literature study. The results indicated that the tourists’ expectations and needs for travel applications are categorized into two groups, the first is the technical aspect and the second is the application content. It was found  that tourists require applications with attractive look, supported by clear and updated information.  In addition, the applications should be easy to use, help build the enthusiasm to visit, make travel more convenient.
The Evaluation of Plantation Development Policy in the City of Tidore Island
Authors: Muksin Isra
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the policy of providing assistance in the form of seeds for agriculture  in Oba District, the city of Tidore Island. The research method used is descriptive qualitative in which an  interview with 35 farmers from 12 villages and 1 sub-district is conducted. The results indicate that the policy on seeds provision to farmers in the city of of Tidore Island has been on target, yet it has not been successful due to inadequate support given concerning the ongoing guidance and supervision, therefore most of the seeds received are not planted. Another research finding is that the role of Gapoktan (Gabungan Kelompok Tani Farmers Group Association) in every village of Oba District is not optimum since access to information regarding facilities and infrastructure is limited.
Front Matter
Authors: Rulandari Novianita
Published: September 2023

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A Framework For Boosting Revenue Generation From Land Taxes in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Orekan Atinuke Adibempe
Published: September 2023

The study developed a framework for boosting revenue generation from land taxes in Ogun State Nigeria. The choice of Ogun state was hinged on the fact that it is both an economically and an industrial state. It exhibits the dynamism of land activities traceable to land taxation.  Data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire, personal interviews and review of government documents were also conducted. Questionnaires were administered to the 23 top management staff at the Board of Internal Revenue Services in Ogun State. Personal interviews were also conducted. Using the frequency table and SPSS to analyse, the result revealed that government does not have enough information on property, property owners and property transactions. These which affected the revenue from land taxed to fall-short. In conclusion, land titling should be made compulsory and at the same time be flexible, so that government can have access to property information which will in turn improve revenue mobilisation for the state government.
The Effects of Green Innovation, Eco-Efficiency, Business Strategy, Technology Information Investment, and Profitability on Firm Value
Authors: Silaban David , Dewi R.Rosiyana
Published: September 2023

The current economic growth is in line with the increase in the number of business units and the growth in the number of business units is believed to not only have positive but also the negative effects on the environment and the earth. For this reason, current investment decisions by stakeholders are also seen from the company's effort and contribution to the environmental improvement. This study aims to determine the effects of green innovation, eco-efficiency, business strategy, information technology investment, and profitability on firm value in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. In this research, the sources are taken from the annual report, sustainability report and information on the company website. The research sample comprising 125 companies that met the criteria and are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling and the hypothesis testing in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that cost leadership strategy and profitability have a positive effect on firm value. while green innovation, eco-efficiency, differentiation strategy, and information technology investment have no effect on firm value.