bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tpz1TPP1 prevents telomerase activation and protects telomeres by modulating the Stn1-Ten1 complex in fission yeast
Authors: Mennie Amanda K. , Moser Bettina A. , Hoyle Alice , Low Ross S. , Tanaka Katsunori , Nakamura Toru M.
Published: August 2019

In both mammalian and fission yeast cells, conserved shelterin and CST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) complexes play critical roles in protection of telomeres and regulation of telomerase, an enzyme required to overcome the end replication problem. However, molecular details that govern proper coordination among shelterin, CST, and telomerase have not yet been fully understood. Here, we establish a conserved SWSSS motif, located adjacent to the Lys242 SUMOylation site in the fission yeast shelterin subunit Tpz1, as a new functional regulatory element for telomere protection and telomere length homeostasis. The SWSSS motif works redundantly with Lys242 SUMOylation to promote binding of Stn1-Ten1 at telomere and sub-telomere regions to protect against single-strand annealing (SSA)-dependent telomere fusions, and to prevent telomerase accumulation at telomeres. In addition, we provide evidence that the SWSSS motif defines an unanticipated role of Tpz1 in limiting telomerase activation at telomeres to prevent uncontrolled telomere elongation.
Direct probing of heterogeneity for adsorption and diffusion within a SAPO-34 crystal
Authors: Gao Shushu , Xu Shutao , Wei Yingxu , Liu Zhiqiang , Zheng Anmin , Wu Pengfei , Liu Zhongmin
Published: August 2019

The heterogeneity with a gradient distribution in adsorption and diffusion of xenon in a SAPO-34 crystal was revealed by 129Xe NMR, 2D EXSY NMR and 129Xe PFG NMR at the micro-scale. A multi-layer adsorption model in a single crystal was proposed.
A chiral squaramide-catalyzed asymmetric dearomative tandem annulation reaction through a kinetic resolution of MBH alcohols: highly enantioselective synthesis of three-dimensional heterocyclic compounds
Authors: Zhou Leijie , Zeng Yuan , Gao Xing , Wang Qijun , Wang Chang , Wang Bo , Wang Wei , Wu Yongjun , Zheng Bing , Guo Hongchao
Published: August 2019

An asymmetric dearomative tandem annulation reaction of MBH alcohols via chiral squaramide catalysis.
Interfacial engineering of Ru–S–Sb/antimonene electrocatalysts for highly efficient electrolytic hydrogen generation in neutral electrolyte
Authors: Li Yan , Chen Junxiang , Huang Junheng , Hou Yang , Lei Lecheng , Lin Wanzhen , Lian Yaping , Zhonghua Xiang , Yang Huang-Hao , Wen Zhenhai
Published: August 2019

The enhancement of Ru–H bonding strength caused by the formation of Ru–S–Sb bond majorly contributes to the significantly improved HER activity.
α-Fe2O3 with novel double hexagonal pyramid morphology synthesized using a dual-ion co-work system as an anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Nie Chuanhao , Deng Yichen , Ren Haipeng , Zhao Yulong , Ji Xiang , Zhu Lei , Xing Zheng , Liu Jinlong , Ju Zhicheng
Published: August 2019

α-Fe2O3 particles with double hexagonal pyramid morphology were synthesized via hydrothermal method in the system of coexisting NH4+ and carbonate ions CO32−, which was different from the previously used single-ion inducing system.
Self-assembly pore-forming mechanism of foam boundary templates and the preparation of porous strontium hydroxyapatite microspheres by homogeneous precipitation
Authors: Huang Jiangsheng , Chen Changlian , Huang Zhiliang , Yao Donghui , Wu Changsheng , Cheng Yilin
Published: August 2019

The preparation of porous SrHAp microspheres, and the self-assembly pore-forming process and mechanism of a foam boundary template were systematically presented.
Intramolecular π–hole interactions with nitro aromatics
Authors: Franconetti Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Mooibroek Tiddo J.
Published: August 2019

A thorough CSD evaluation and DFT calculations reveal that intramolecular ElR⋯NO2 π-hole interactions can stabilize conformers of nitro aromatics by up to 2–3 kcal mol−1 when ElR and N separated by ≥4 bonds.
Does induced current density explain the C–H and C–F Perlin effects?
Authors: Martins Francisco A. , Pires Felipe C. , da Cunha Elaine F. F. , Freitas Matheus P.
Published: August 2019

One-bond spin–spin coupling constant (SSCC) data may be useful in providing information on the stereochemistry and intramolecular interactions in molecules.
Quantifying proton NMR coherent linewidth in proteins under fast MAS conditions: a second moment approach
Authors: Malär Alexander A. , Smith-Penzel Susanne , Camenisch Gian-Marco , Wiegand Thomas , Samoson Ago , Böckmann Anja , Ernst Matthias , Meier Beat H.
Published: August 2019

Fast sample spinning is revolutionizing NMR; here we provide a method how to calculate the linewidth.
Quick temperature-sweep pure-shift NMR: the case of solvent effects in atorvastatin
Authors: Rytel Małgorzata , Kasprzak Paweł , Setny Piotr , Kazimierczuk Krzysztof
Published: August 2019

Quick and sensitive serial pseudo-2D pure-shift NMR experiments provide novel insight into the temperature-dependent solvent distribution.
The charge carrier dynamics, efficiency and stability of two-dimensional material-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Bing , Iocozzia James , Zhang Meng , Ye Meidan , Yan Shicheng , Jin Huile , Wang Shun , Zou Zhigang , Lin Zhiqun
Published: August 2019

Recent advances in the use of two-dimensional (2D) materials for perovskites solar cells (PSCs) are summarized. The effects of their unique optical and electrical properties on the charge carrier dynamics of PSCs are detailed.
Understanding the interplay between π–π and cation–π interactions in [janusene–Ag]+ host–guest systems: a computational approach
Authors: Mucelini Johnatan , Østrøm Ina , Ortolan Alexandre O. , Andriani Karla F. , Caramori Giovanni F. , Parreira Renato L. T. , Laali Kenneth K.
Published: August 2019

Guiding the development of new systems with increased cation–π interaction capability.
Direct one-step synthesis of a formally fully bio-based polymer from cellulose and cinnamon flavor
Authors: Hirose Daisuke , Kusuma Samuel Budi Wardhana , Ina Daiki , Wada Naoki , Takahashi Kenji
Published: August 2019

Direct fully bio-based polymer synthesis by cellulose modification involving simply mixing cellulose and cinnamaldehyde “cinnamon flavor” in an ionic liquid.
UV grafting: surface modification of cellulose nanofibers without the use of organic solvents
Authors: Yang Xianpeng , Ku Ting-Hsuan , Biswas Subir K. , Yano Hiroyuki , Abe Kentaro
Published: August 2019

Polymers were grafted from the surfaces of cellulose nanofibers by UV irradiation with an organic solvent-free process.
A universal strategy to obtain chiroptical carbon quantum dots through the optically active surface passivation procedure
Authors: Rao Xinyue , Yuan Mengke , Jiang Huan , Li Ling , Liu Zhongde
Published: August 2019

A two-step pyrolytic route has been demonstrated for producing optically active photoluminescence CQDs by surface passivation with an enantiomeric ligand.
Correction: Niobium uptake by a [P8W48O184]40−macrocyclic polyanion
Authors: Shmakova Alexandra A. , Volchek Victoria V. , Yanshole Vadim , Kompankov Nikolay B. , Martin Nicolas P. , Nyman May , Abramov Pavel A. , Sokolov Maxim N.
Published: August 2019

Correction for ‘Niobium uptake by a [P8W48O184]40−macrocyclic polyanion’ by Alexandra A. Shmakovaet al.,New J. Chem., 2019,43, 9943–9952.
Sorbicillfurans A and B, two novel sorbicillinoid adducts from the fungus Penicillium citrinum SCSIO41402
Authors: Wang Jianjiao , Li Kunlong , Luo Xiaowei , Wu Zhaoyuan , Gu Tanwei , Liao Shengrong , Lin Xiuping , Yang Bin , Liu Yonghong , Fang Wei , Zhou Xuefeng
Published: August 2019

Two novel sorbicillinoid adducts containing bicyclo[2.2.2]octane and tetrahydrofuran moieties, named sorbicillfurans A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from the static culture of the marine-derived fungus Penicillium citrinum SCSIO41402.
Bimetallic NiIr nanoparticles supported on lanthanum oxy-carbonate as highly efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution from hydrazine borane and hydrazine
Authors: Hong Xiaoling , Yao Qilu , Huang Meiling , Du Hongxia , Lu Zhang-Hui
Published: August 2019

La2O2CO3-supported NiIr nanoparticles (NPs) have been facilely synthesized via a sodium–hydroxide-assisted reduction approach and used as highly efficient catalysts for hydrogen generation from hydrazine borane and hydrous hydrazine.
Correction: A highly selective fluorescent probe for real-time imaging of bacterial NAT2 and high-throughput screening of natural inhibitors for tuberculosis therapy
Authors: Jin Yinzhu , Tian Zhenhao , Tian Xiangge , Feng Lei , Cui Jingnan , Ma Xiaochi
Published: August 2019

Correction for ‘A highly selective fluorescent probe for real-time imaging of bacterial NAT2 and high-throughput screening of natural inhibitors for tuberculosis therapy’ by Yinzhu Jin et al., Mater. Chem. Front., 2019, 3, 145–150.
Nucleophilic construction of sulfate bonds: simplified access to polysulfates and polysulfonates
Authors: Zhu Weiwei , Li Fuchong , Liu Jikun , Ma Xingyu , Jiang Xianxing
Published: August 2019

Polysulfates and polysulfonates were prepared in a simplified process through the reaction between aryl phenols and aryl fluorosulfates.
Self-diffusion of a highly concentrated monoclonal antibody by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: insight into protein–protein interactions and self-association
Authors: Hung Jessica J. , Zeno Wade F. , Chowdhury Amjad A. , Dear Barton J. , Ramachandran Kishan , Nieto Maria P. , Shay Tony Y. , Karouta Carl A. , Hayden Carl C. , Cheung Jason K. , Truskett Thomas M. , Stachowiak Jeanne C. , Johnston Keith P.
Published: August 2019

Measurement and interpretation of self-diffusion of a highly concentrated mAb with different formulations in context of viscosity and protein self-interactions.
Instabilities in dielectric elastomers: buckling, wrinkling, and crumpling
Authors: Godaba Hareesh , Zhang Zhi-Qian , Gupta Ujjaval , Foo Choon Chiang , Zhu Jian
Published: August 2019

Dielectric elastomers experience different modes of instability upon loss of tension – buckling, wrinkling and crumpling, depending on the loading conditions.
Solution-processable electrochromic materials and devices: roadblocks and strategies towards large-scale applications
Authors: Li Xuefei , Perera Kuluni , He Jiazhi , Gumyusenge Aristide , Mei Jianguo
Published: August 2019

This review describes figures of merit, challenges and strategies during the development of solution-processable electrochromic materials and devices for large-area smart window applications.
Surface active magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for extracting metal nanoparticles across an aqueous–organic interface
Authors: Verma Meenakshi , Singh Kultar , Bakshi Mandeep Singh
Published: August 2019

Highly surface active magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) were synthesized by using tetraalkylammonium and imidazolium Gemini surfactants.
Emergence of superconductivity in a Dirac nodal-line Cu2Si monolayer: ab initio calculations
Authors: Yan Luo , Liu Peng-Fei , Bo Tao , Zhang Junrong , Tang Ming-Hua , Xiao Yong-Guang , Wang Bao-Tian
Published: August 2019

We demonstrate that the recent experimentally synthesized Cu2Si monolayer is a BCS-type two-dimensional superconductor with Tc being ∼ 4.1 K.
Improving Reading Comprehension in the Primary Grades: Mediated Effects of a Language-Focused Classroom Intervention
Authors:   Language and Reading Research Consortium (LARRC), Jiang Hui , Logan Jessica
Published: August 2019

Purpose

This article includes results from a multistate randomized controlled trial designed to investigate the impacts of a language-focused classroom intervention on primary grade students' proximal language skills and distal reading comprehension skills.

Method

The sample included 938 children from 160 classrooms in 4 geographic regions in the United States; each classroom was randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experimental conditions (2 variations of a language-focused intervention) or business-as-usual control. For this study, the 2 experimental conditions were collapsed, as they represented minor differences in the language-focused intervention. All children completed assessments at multiple time points during the academic year. Proximal measures (curriculum-aligned measures of vocabulary, comprehension monitoring, and understanding narrative and expository text) were administered throughout the school year. Distal measures of reading comprehension were administered at the beginning and the end of the school year.

Results

Multilevel multivariate regression was conducted with results showing that students receiving the language-focused intervention significantly outperformed those in the control group in comprehension monitoring and vocabulary, with effect sizes ranging from 0.55 to 1.98. A small effect in understanding text (narrative) was found in 3rd grade only. Multilevel path analyses were then conducted to examine if the intervention had a positive impact on reading comprehension through the influence of proximal language outcomes. In all 3 grades, instruction impacted reading comprehension via the mediation of vocabulary, with sizable effects (1.89–2.26); no other indirect pathways were significant.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence that a language-focused intervention can positively impact students' performance on language measures that are closely aligned with the intervention, with indirect, large effects on distal reading comprehension measures. Theoretically, this study provides causally interpretable support for the language bases of reading comprehension.
A Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Method to Examine In Vivo Levator Veli Palatini Muscle Function During Speech
Authors: Pelland Catherine M. , Feng Xue , Borowitz Kathleen C. , Meyer Craig H. , Blemker Silvia S.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop a method able to quantify levator veli palatini (LVP) muscle shortening and contraction velocities using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) throughout speech samples and relate these measurements to velopharyngeal portal dimensions.

Method

Six healthy adults (3 men and 3 women,
M
= 24.5 years) produced syllables representing 4 different manners of production during real-time dynamic MRI scans. We acquired an oblique-coronal slice of the velopharyngeal mechanism, which captured the length of the LVP, and manually segmented each frame. LVP shortening and muscle velocities were calculated from the acquired images.

Results

Using our method, we found that subjects demonstrated greater LVP shortening and higher maximum contraction velocities during fricative and plosive syllable production than during nasal or vowel syllable production. LVP shortening and maximum contraction velocity positively correlated with velopharyngeal port depth.

Conclusions

In vivo LVP function differs between manners of production, as expected, and an individual's velopharyngeal portal dimensions influence LVP function. These measures, contextualized with the force–length and force–velocity muscle relationships, provide new insight into LVP function. Future studies could use this method to investigate LVP function in healthy speakers and individuals with velopharyngeal dysfunction and how function relates to velopharyngeal anatomy.
PFCN: a fully convolutional network for point cloud semantic segmentation
Authors: Lu Jian , Liu Tong , Luo Maoxin , Cheng Haozhe , Zhang Kaibing
Published: August 2019

It is a challenging task to use deep learning methods to understand point cloud data and assign semantics due to the complexity of point cloud data structure. In this Letter, a fully convolutional network is designed by the authors to perform point cloud semantic segmentation. The proposed network based on PointNet++ takes point cloud data as input and predicts a semantic label for each point. Their network consists of three parts. In the first, different scale features are extracted, the second part reduces the extracted features and then fuses them, and in the third part, more structural information of the point cloud is preserved by up‐sampling with deconvolution to reconstruct the point cloud. They have carried out part segmentation and semantic segmentation of ShapeNet and S3DIS datasets, respectively, and the validity of the network has been verified.
Adaptive transmit beamspace design for cognitive FDA radar tracking
Authors: Basit Abdul , Wang Wen‐Qin , Nusenu Shaddrack Yaw
Published: August 2019

In this study, the authors propose an energy‐efficient adaptive transmit beamspace design for cognitive frequency diverse array (FDA) radar to efficiently detect and track the target in a cognitive way, particularly, for the case when the target is lost in one scan. Additionally, an algorithm is presented for a selection of the illumination range‐angle sector to recover a lost target. Moreover, an algorithm is proposed to discriminate the target from interferers, while an FDA beampattern time‐variance that is normally ignored in the literature is also considered. Finally, the transmit beamspace is adaptively updated to illuminate the predicted range‐angle‐based area of interest in each cognitive scanning cycle. The proposed design generates a single maximum beam pattern by using a set of non‐uniform frequency offsets along an FDA. Numerical results show that the proposed method achieves improved target detection and tracking performance as compared to the standard frequency diverse and phased‐array radars due to its increased output signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio, while improved energy efficiency is achieved due to an adaptive range‐angle sector selection algorithm.
Revisiting Kepler-444
Authors: Buldgen G. , Farnir M. , Pezzotti C. , Eggenberger P. , Salmon S. J. A. J. , Montalban J. , Ferguson J. W. , Khan S. , Bourrier V. , Rendle B. M. , Meynet G. , Miglio A. , Noels A.
Published: August 2019

Context. The CoRoT andKeplermissions have paved the way for synergies between exoplanetology and asteroseismology. The use of seismic data helps providing stringent constraints on the stellar properties which directly impact the results of planetary studies. Amongst the most interesting planetary systems discovered byKepler, Kepler-444 is unique by the quality of its seismic and classical stellar constraints. Its magnitude, age and the presence of 5 small-sized planets orbiting this target makes it an exceptional testbed for exoplanetology.

Aims. We aim at providing a detailed characterization of Kepler-444, focusing on the dependency of the results on variations of key ingredients of the theoretical stellar models. This thorough study will serve as a basis for future investigations of the planetary evolution of the system orbiting Kepler-444.

Methods. We use local and global minimization techniques to study the internal structure of the exoplanet-host star Kepler-444. We combine seismic observations from theKeplermission,GaiaDR2 data, and revised spectroscopic parameters to precisely constrain its internal structure and evolution.

Results. We provide updated robust and precise determinations of the fundamental parameters of Kepler-444 and demonstrate that this low-mass star bore a convective core during a significant portion of its life on the main sequence. Using seismic data, we are able to estimate the lifetime of the convective core to approximately 8 Gyr out of the 11 Gyr of the evolution of Kepler-444. The revised stellar parameters found by our thorough study areM = 0.754 ± 0.03 M⊙,R = 0.753 ± 0.01 R⊙, and Age = 11 ± 1 Gyr.
Conducting personnel audit in compliance with international standards
Authors: Klychova Guzaliya , Leontieva Jamila , Zakirova Alsou , Zaugarova Evgenia , Khusainov Shaukat , Gimadiev Ildus
Published: August 2019

The present research studies basic principles of personnel audit, considers new requirements for auditing due to the entry into force of international standards, develops working documents for the auditor that allow increasing the efficiency of personnel audit and coordinating audit procedures with the work of the personnel at the audited company, applying general scientific methods, such as systematic approach, comparison, economic-statistical method, method of systematization and generalization of data. The article describes the main stages of the personnel audit, reveals mechanism for organizing, planning, conducting, and issuing the results of the personnel audit, provides specific material, which helps to develop an idea on the personnel audit fulfillment at the level of an individual economic entity. The research offers methodological toolkit of personnel audit, which makes it possible to assess the state of the personnel management system, the interests and values of an employee, his attitude to the existing problems and their comprehension.
Matrix of pairwise comparison: decision making with the analytic network process
Authors: Akhmadullina Aliya , Vasilyeva Svetlana , Yakovleva Tatyana , Vopiyashina Svetlana , Kraineva Raisa
Published: August 2019

This article describes a method for analyzing hierarchies; identifies the problems with inconsistent judgments. The proof is given that the most effective tool allowing one to make the right decisions with inconsistencies is the introduction of the eigenvector on environmental planning and management. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a method for decision making, which includes qualitative factors. In this method, ratio scales are obtained from ordinal scales, which are derived from individual judgments for qualitative factors using the pairwise comparison matrix. This paper describes the applicability of a multicriteria decision-making method, specifically, the analytic network process.
Social development mechanism of an agricultural enterprise formation
Authors: Klychova Aigul , Klychova Guzaliya , Zakirova Alsou , Sungatullina Rashida , Mukhamedzyanov Kamil , Philippova Ekaterina
Published: August 2019

The object of the research is to determine the major lines in forming the social process mechanism and elaborate the recommendations on improving the social policy of agricultural farming community. The article examines the social factors, indicates the trends of making management decisions on the social process of agricultural enterprise, reviews the theoretical aspects and outlines the basic arrangements of forming the social process mechanism, proposes the milestones of forming and implementing the social policy system, as well as defines the method of analyzing social process. The elaborated recommendations on improving the social policy of agricultural farming community, which consist in selecting effective forms and methods of satisfying the demands of different social groups and their sources of financing, are of practical importance.
Innovative activities in Primorsky Krai: a methodical approach to assessing the effectiveness
Authors: Miroshnikova Tatyana , Taskaeva Natalia
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this work if to offer a model of the assessment of innovation effectiveness. Innovation activity is a basic component of the innovation potential and is a tool and mechanism for the innovation economy. The authors propose a holistic model for assessing the effectiveness of innovation from several points of view. The methodological approach to determining the effectiveness of innovations involves comparing the results of innovation activities with innovative expenditures that provided this result. This allows taking into account the synergistic effect expressed in improving the economic efficiency and effectiveness of activities. When assessing innovation efficiency, it is necessary to consider not only the design criteria for evaluating investment projects, but also the assessment of the degree of influence of the results of innovation activity on the development of production. The obtained results can be used when forming the project measures by the federal and regional municipal authorities to increase the efficiency of the managerial impact on regional processes. These elements allow forming the set of instruments that increases the efficiency of the managerial impact.
Suizidalität bei Abhängigkeit von illegalen Substanzen und psychotrop wirksamen Medikamenten
Authors: Schneider Barbara , Eilert Lisa , Milin Sascha , Schäfer Ingo
Published: August 2019

Psychische Erkrankungen sind die wichtigsten einzelnen Risikofaktoren für Suizid, wobei Abhängigkeitserkrankungen eine bedeutende Rolle spielen. In diese Übersicht wurden Kohortenstudien und kontrollierte psychologische Autopsiestudien sowie Reviews, die bis 2019 publiziert wurden, zum Risiko für suizidales Verhalten einschließlich Suizid, bei Abhängigkeit von psychotrop wirksamen Medikamenten (Opioiden und Benzodiazepinen) und Konsum von illegalen Substanzen eingeschlossen. Bei allen untersuchten substanzbezogenen Störungen, insbesondere bei Konsum von Opioiden und Mischkonsum, war das Suizidrisiko stark erhöht. So ist beispielsweise bei Drogenabhängigkeit das Suizidrisiko etwa um das 20-Fache gegenüber der Allgemeinbevölkerung erhöht.

Zusammenhänge zwischen Konsum von Drogen und Medikamenten und Entstehung von Suizidalität sind sehr komplex, was sich letztlich auch auf Möglichkeiten der Suizidprävention bei Suchterkrankungen auswirkt.
Combining Amines and 3-(2-Pyridyl)-[1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine: An Easy Access to New Functional Polynitrogenated Ligands
Authors: Chiassai Leonardo , Ballesteros-Garrido Rafael , Clares Maria Paz , García-España Enrique , Ballesteros Rafael , Abarca Belén
Published: August 2019

Triazolopyridine-pyridine amine ligands are easily obtained by means of either thermal- or copper(II)-mediated reactions. Starting from a readily accessible iodo derivative of triazolopyridine-pyridine and different amines, this new family of compounds combines aromatic and aliphatic nitrogen atoms with promising coordinating properties. Furthermore, chemical derivatization of a new triazolopyridine-pyridine diamine compound, N1-[6-([1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl]ethan-1,2-diamine, allows the preparation of several remote-pyridine-containing ligands.
A One-Pot Intramolecular Tandem Michael–Aldol Annulation Reaction for the Synthesis of Chiral Pentacyclic Terpenes
Authors: Lu Jianyu , Koldas Serkan , Fan Huafang , Desper John , Day Victor W. , Hua Duy H.
Published: August 2019

A chiral tricyclic terpene possessing a 6,6,6-tricyclic framework and a 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxooctylidenyl side chain undergoes a double ring-closing reaction to give two chiral pentacyclic terpenes in a ratio of 4:3 via an intramolecular Michael addition followed by aldol condensation under basic conditions. Three new stereogenic centers are introduced in the initial Michael annulation reaction. Stereoselective installation of an ethoxycarbonyl group at C17 of the two pentacyclic terpenes separately gives the corresponding highly functionalized pentacyclic terpenoids with seven stereogenic centers. The structures and stereochemistry of key intermediates and products are established through X-ray crystallographic analysis. A mechanism is proposed for explaining the stereochemistry in the Michael annulation reaction.
A Rare Cause of Weight Loss in Immunocompetent Subject
Authors: Nasa Mukesh , Gupta Mahesh , Bhansali Shashank , Lipi Lipika , Puri Rajesh
Published: August 2019

We report a case of 61-year-old immunocompetent man with no comorbidity presenting with unexplained weight loss. All routine investigations could not point to the etiology of weight loss, but duodenal biopsy taken on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis, a nematode endemic to Indian subcontinent. The patient recovered after course of albendazole, and in the absence of other causality, weight loss was attributed to strongyloidiasis.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Large Common Bile Duct and Pancreatic Duct Stones: Efficacy, Safety and Analysis of Factors That Favor Stone Fragmentation
Authors: Khan Mushtaq Ahmad , Wani Zaffar Ali , Dar Hilal Ahmad , Shah Altaf H , Singh Bhagat , Javid Gul
Published: August 2019

Background: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) with subsequent endoscopic extraction of residual fragments is an established treatment option in technically challenging situations for extraction of pancreatic and common bile duct calculi. Common bile duct (CBD) stone fragmentation rates of 71 to 95% have been reported with ESWL, leading to final duct clearance rates of 70 to 90%. While complete clearance of 76% and partial clearance of 17% of pancreatic duct calculi have been documented with ESWL, our study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy and safety of ESWL in clearance of difficult bile duct and large pancreatic duct calculi.

Methods: The study population consisted of 61 patients who had either large or difficult bile duct calculi or large pancreatic duct calculi documented on ultrasonography abdomen or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). All patients were subjected to ESWL sessions with endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) placement till stones got fragmented.

Results: A total of 1,284 patients underwent ERCP for either choledocholithiasis or pancreatic duct calculi during the study period (June 2015 to December 2016). Out of them 61 patients had either large or difficult CBD calculi or large pancreatic duct calculi. Forty (65.57%) had choledocholithiasis (Group-A) and 21 (34.42%) had chronic calcific pancreatitis (Group-B). CBD was cleared in 37 patients (92.5%) and 3 patients (7.5%) underwent surgical intervention. Main pancreatic duct (MPD) was cleared in all patients with clearance rate of 100%.

Conclusions: ESWL is an effective and safe method for clearance of difficult CBD and pancreatic duct calculi. Combined efficacy of duct clearance is >90%. Complications are minimal and managed conservatively.
A Last-Ditch Effort and Personalized Surgeon Letter Improves PROMs Follow-Up Rate in Sports Medicine Patients: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tariq Muhammad B. , Jones Morgan H. , Strnad Greg , Sosic Elizabeth , Spindler Kurt P. ,   Cleveland Clinic OME Sports Health
Published: August 2019

Patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) are important for the advancement of orthopaedic surgeries. The primary difficulty while collecting PROMs is obtaining adequate follow-up rates. Therefore, it is important to find methods to improve follow-up, especially in patients who have failed to respond to initial attempts. We hypothesized that PROMs follow-up could be effectively increased by sending a salvage-effort personalized surgeon letter to sports medicine patients who failed to respond to initial (centralized electronic, mail, and/or phone contacts) PROMs collection 1 year after surgery. Patients who failed to respond to 1-year follow-up of postoperative PROMs collection at our outpatient sports medicine surgery center were included. Patients were randomized into an intervention or control group. Patients in the intervention group were mailed PROMs form and an Institutional Review Board-approved letter that was personalized with surgical information, surgeon picture, and surgeon signature. Control group was mailed the same letter a month later. Chi-squared analysis was conducted at 5 weeks. Out of 843 surgeries, our initial 1-year PROMs follow-up rate was 65%, which allowed for 292 patients to be eligible for our study. After exclusions, 281 patients (randomized to 140 control group and 141 intervention group) were included in our study. We found a 20% response rate in the intervention group with 28 patients returning PROMs as compared with a 1.4% rate in the control group with two patients returning PROMs. The odds ratio was 17.1 (95% confidence interval: 4–73.3; p < 0.0001). A salvage-effort personalized surgeon letter is an efficient and relatively cost-effective method to increase PROMs follow-up rate, which means that a personalized surgeon letter can reach and engage patients who would otherwise be considered lost to follow-up, allowing for better outcomes monitoring after surgery.
Comparison between ad-hoc and instability-induced electron anomalous transport in a 1D fluid simulation of Hall-effect thruster
Authors: Martorelli R. , Lafleur T. , Bourdon A. , Chabert P.
Published: August 2019

Anomalous electron transport is a long-standing problem in the understanding of Hall-effect thrusters. Recent results have suggested as a possible cause a kinetic instability, but few attempts have succeeded in implementing such phenomena in a fluid simulation of the thruster. The common approach in this case relies on including an ad-hoc model of the anomalous transport and so to fit experimental results. We propose here a comparison between the friction force and the anomalous heating arising from the ad-hoc model, with the corresponding effects coming from the use of the instability-induced transport. The results are obtained through a one-dimensional fluid simulation of the Hall-effect thruster with ad-hoc anomalous transport. The comparison shows good agreement between the two approaches, suggesting indeed that the instability-induced anomalous transport is the good candidate for reproducing the ad-hoc simulations and paving the way for a full self-consistent implementation of the phenomena in a fluid simulation.
Direct temperature determination of a sympathetically cooled large 113Cd+ ion crystal for a microwave clock
Authors: Zuo Y. N. , Han J. Z. , Zhang J. W. , Wang L. J.
Published: August 2019

This paper reports direct temperature determination of sympathetically cooled 113Cd+ ions with laser-cooled 24Mg+ in a linear Paul trap. The sympathetically cooled ion species distribute in the outer shell of the large ensembles, which contain up to 3.3 × 105 ions. With optimized parameters, the minimum temperature of the sympathetically cooled 113Cd+ ions was measured to be on the order of 10 mK. These results are promising for the performance of microwave atomic clocks. The second-order Doppler frequency shift is two orders of magnitude lower (from 1.88 × 10−14 to 6.26 × 10−16) and the Dick effect is suppressed.
A stochastic switch with different phases
Authors: Lipan Ovidiu , Wu Emily
Published: August 2019

We describe an analog stochastic switch that exhibits three distinct phases as its parameters change. The phases are classified by the mean and variance of the switch’s output. A phase change appears if the mean or the variance tends to a finite value or to infinity. The switch can be embedded in a large gene regulatory network for which the moment equations naturally close at the second order. This switch was used to model the response of a heat-shock system.
Photoinduced anomalous Coulomb blockade and the role of triplet states in electron transport through an irradiated molecular transistor. II. Effects of electron-phonon coupling and vibrational relaxation
Authors: Fu Bo , Hsu Liang-Yan
Published: August 2019

We generalize our previous theory [Fu et al., Nano Lett. 18, 5015–5023 (2018)] to investigate the influence of electron-phonon (e-p) coupling and vibrational relaxation on photoinduced anomalous Coulomb blockade, which originates from the triplet states and the energy level alignment. We derive the master equation for an irradiated molecular transistor and obtain the relevant rates via the Redfield theory instead of the phenomenological Fermi golden rule approach. To explore the interplay between e-p coupling and vibrational relaxation, we analyze the charge stability diagrams and the current-voltage characteristics (both gate voltage and source-drain bias voltage) under different e-p coupling strengths in two extreme limits of vibrational relaxation (equilibrated and unequilibrated phonon regimes). From the perspective of energy level alignment, we choose four representative situations and derive the analytical formulas of the photoinduced current in the equilibrated regime. The analytical solution reveals a new type of photocurrent due to e-p coupling that does not require the perfect energy level alignment between charged states and triplet states. In general, our study indicates that photoinduced current and anomalous Coulomb blockade caused by the triplet states are supposed to be experimentally observed.
Machine learning inspires contemporary chemicals research
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: August 2019

Atomistic structure learning algorithm (ASLA) teaches itself to build pristine graphene and other compounds by using an image recognition approach.
Studying patterns formed on rotating substrates can improve spin-rinsing techniques
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: August 2019

An understanding of the patterns formed by a water jet on a rotating substrate can lead to environmentally friendly silicon wafer cleaning processes.
DNA probes that store mechanical information reveal transient piconewton forces applied by T cells
Authors: Ma Rong , Kellner Anna V. , Ma Victor Pui-Yan , Su Hanquan , Deal Brendan R. , Brockman Joshua M. , Salaita Khalid
Published: August 2019

Significance

To defend against cancer and viral infections, the T cell receptor (TCR) must recognize antigens on the surface of target cells. TCR antigen recognition involves the transmission of forces which are often weak, infrequent, and short lived, and hence difficult to study. We solve this challenge by developing molecular probes that store mechanical information. This approach reveals the TCR forces when encountering different antigens, and this mechanical sampling is correlated with antigen potency. Since coreceptors are heavily involved in tuning immune function, we investigate the programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD1) and show that T cells transmit forces to this coinhibitory receptor, thus suggesting that mechanics may play a role in this important checkpoint pathway.
Programming curvilinear paths of flat inflatables
Authors: Siéfert Emmanuel , Reyssat Etienne , Bico José , Roman Benoît
Published: August 2019

Significance

Inflatable structures are flat and foldable when empty and both lightweight and stiff when pressurized and deployed. They are easy to manufacture by fusing 2 inextensible sheets together along a defined pattern of lines. However, the prediction of their deployed shape remains a mathematical challenge, which results from the coupling of geometrical constraints and the strongly nonlinear and asymmetric mechanical properties of their composing material: thin sheets are very stiff on extensional loads, while they easily shrink by buckling or wrinkling when compressed. We discuss the outline shape, local cross-section, and state of stress of any curvilinear open path. We provide a reverse model to design any desired curved 2-dimensional shape from initially flat tubes.
A small number of cholinergic neurons mediate hyperaggression in female
Drosophila
Authors: Palavicino-Maggio Caroline B. , Chan Yick-Bun , McKellar Claire , Kravitz Edward A.
Published: August 2019

Significance

Different intensity levels of aggression surround our daily lives, terminating in occasional individuals with violence. What nervous system mechanisms exist that set limits on such widely differing expressions of aggression? Is sex one of them? A generalization associated with aggression is that males fight at higher intensity levels than females. In a
Drosophila melanogaster
aggression model, it was found that males fight at higher intensity levels than females, and that hierarchical relationships are established only in male fights. However, our screen of a
Drosophila
library of Gal4 drivers yielded a single line that triggered exceptionally high levels of aggression selectively in female flies. Here the roots of that hyperaggression are traced to a very small set of female brain-specific neurons.
Sleeping with the fishes
Authors: Parini Ilaria
Published: August 2019

The use of accents and language variation in films is a long established practice that manipulates language as a tool in the construction of characters, so as to convey specific characteristics. This is even more evident in animated films, where language is used as a quick way to build character and reaffirm stereotype. Shark Tale is an animated comedy produced in 2004 by DreamWorks Animation. The characters of the film speak different variations of American English, which are used to attribute different features to them. This paper will focus on a group of characters who present a series of elements (both on a narrative and a linguistic level) that makes it easy to identify them as Italian American Mafiosi, and on the strategies used in Italian dubbing.
A dialogue on populism?
Authors: Degano Chiara , Sicurella Federico Giulio
Published: August 2019

Most works on populism framed in a discourse-analytic perspective focus on the features of populist discourse itself, contributing greatly to the understanding of the phenomenon. However, a full understanding of populism should also consider the ways in which notions of populism are constructed, negotiated, reproduced, and popularised in public discourse, as this contributes to forming public opinion at large and people’s responses to populism itself. For this reason, the chapter addresses discourses about populism, with a focus on editorials dealing with Brexit in the British and Italian press. Although their position of supremacy in orienting public opinion has been partly mined by talk shows, blogs, and social media at large, opinion pieces remain one of the most important sites in which intellectuals (generally senior journalists) publicly share their views trying at the same time to influence the opinion of the readers. Based on an original framework integrating categories from critical discourse studies, argumentation theory, and the study of heteroglossia/dialogism, the analysis focuses on the ways in which editorialists define and evaluate populism and populists, the argumentative topoi they employ to support their standpoints, and whether and how they engage alternative viewpoints. In our view, all these aspects concur to expand or reduce the space of dialogue created by the text, and hence, we claim, the ability of the readers to feel included, and see their positions represented, in the broader discussion. The risk is that if no dialogue is opened at all with the people who uphold populist views, intellectual discourse will fail to involve them as interlocutors in a critical discussion, thus making them more receptive (or vulnerable) to populist propaganda.
‘but a[h] Hellen d[ea]r sure you have it more in your power in every respect than I have’
– Discourse marker sure in Irish English
Authors: McCafferty Kevin , Amador-Moreno Carolina P.
Published: August 2019

Discourse marker sure has been a distinctive feature of Irish English for several
centuries. Evidence from the Corpus of Irish English Correspondence highlights differences between
discourse marker sure in IrE and other varieties. The IrE discourse marker does not typically occur
between subject and verb, but at the beginning or end (and occasionally in the middle) of a clause. Also, IrE
sure is not usually prominent intonationally and tends not to signal emphasis, but rather
expected consensus. The historical letter data suggests a degree of hybridity between “American” and “Irish” usage
patterns, offering qualified empirical support for the suggestion that AmE discourse marker sure
might have originated in IrE uses carried to North America by emigrants.
Early immigrant English
Authors: Litty Samantha , Mercer Jennifer , Salmons Joseph
Published: August 2019

We explore the development of final obstruent neutralization (German Bad ‘bath’: /ba:d/ =
[ba:t]) and other features of an emerging Wisconsin English variety that has been shaped by contact, while considering
multiple factors such as input, contact, and influence from other varieties. We draw our data from immigrant letters
and supplement these with what is known about education and language guides available to early immigrants, as well as
contact with other language varieties and dialects. Through time and over remarkably heterogeneous varieties of
English and German, we trace the presence of this feature in German and English, where it has been transformed.
Recent progress in understanding the persistent luminescence in SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy
Authors: Vitola Virginija , Millers Donats , Bite Ivita , Smits Krisjanis , Spustaka Agnese
Published: August 2019

Ever since the discovery of SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy persistent afterglow material, that can intensively glow up to 20 h, the mechanism of long-lasting luminescence has been a popular area of research. The research is focused on discovering the mechanism of persistent luminescence in order to prolong the duration and intensity of afterglow in a controlled way. Although most researchers agree on the general things, there are still many unclarities and ambiguities to discuss upon. This review paper briefly sketches in the highlights of past research on the luminescence mechanism in SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy, mainly focusing on the research conducted in the past decade dedicated to clearing these ambiguities. This paper provides an overview of the latest persistent luminescence mechanisms offered by researchers.
Corticospinal circuit remodeling after central nervous system injury is dependent on neuronal activity
Authors: Bradley Peter M. , Denecke Carmen K. , Aljovic Almir , Schmalz Anja , Kerschensteiner Martin , Bareyre Florence M.
Published: August 2019

The remodeling of supraspinal axonal circuits mediates functional recovery after spinal cord injury. This process critically depends on the selection of appropriate synaptic connections between cortical projection and spinal relay neurons. To unravel the principles that guide this target selection, we used genetic and chemogenetic tools to modulate NMDA receptor (NMDAR) integrity and function, CREB-mediated transcription, and neuronal firing of relay neurons during injury-induced corticospinal remodeling. We show that NMDAR signaling and CREB-mediated transcription maintain nascent corticospinal tract (CST)–relay neuron contacts. These activity-dependent signals act during a defined period of circuit remodeling and do not affect mature or uninjured circuits. Furthermore, chemogenetic modulation of relay neuron activity reveals that the regrowing CST axons select their postsynaptic partners in a competitive manner and that preventing such activity-dependent shaping of corticospinal circuits limits motor recovery after spinal cord injury.