bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konsekuensi Yuridis Disharmoni Perjanjian Baku Sel-Sel Cheese Tea Kramat Jati Dengan Regulasi Franchise Di Indonesia
Authors: Avianissa Dhea Fanny , Priyono Ery Agus
Published: February 2023

Peraturan perundang-undangan tentang Waralaba (franchise) mengamanatkan bahwa Franchisor diwajibkan memberi pembinaan kepada franchisee berwujud pelatihan; bimbingan operasional manajemen; pemasaran; penelitian; serta pengembangan secara berkelanjutan dan tapi kewajiban ini tidak selalu dituangkan dalam kontrak franchise. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tentang akibat hukum (konsekuensi yuridis) disharmonisasi perjanjian baku franchise Sel-Sel Cheese Tea Kramat Jati dengan regulasi franchise di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yuridis normatif, data yang digunakan data sekunder dan spesifikasi penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada disharmoni perjanjian baku franchise Sel-Sel Cheese Tea Kramatjati dengan regulasi franchise di Indonesia, karena kewajiban Franchisor Sel-Sel Cheese Tea Kramat Jati kan untuk melakukan pembinaan kepada franchisee sebagaimana regulasi franchise di Indonesia, tidak termuat dalam perjanjian baku franchise Sel-Sel Cheese Tea Kramat Jati. Disharmonisasi perjanjian baku franchise Sel-Sel Cheese Tea Kramat Jati dengan regulasi franchise di Indonesia dikategorikan sebagai obyek suatu yang dilarang sebagai syaratnya sahnya perjanjian dan konsekuensinya perjanjian batal demi hukum.
OCLC WorldCat Identities: Ein ideales Instrument für die Einschätzung der Bedeutung eines wissenschaftlichen Gesamtwerkes?
Authors: Tausch Arno
Published: February 2023

In diesem Artikel soll gezeigt werden, dass Bibliothekar*innen heutzutage ein verlässliches Instrument in der Hand haben, um auf einen Blick den „Marktwert“ eines in Buchform publizierten wissenschaftlichen Gesamtwerkes einzuschätzen. Dieses hier diskutierte und getestete Instrument ist „WorldCat Identities“, ein frei zugängliches bibliometrisches Instrument von OCLC WorldCat, das heute in der szientometrischen und bibliometrischen Literatur schon als geeignete Messskala für den Einfluss eines Gesamtwerkes benutzt wird. Gerade für die Geisteswissenschaften und die kontinentaleuropäischen Sozialwissenschaften, wo Zeitschriftenaufsätze noch nicht jene überragende Rolle in der Einschätzung einer wissenschaftlichen Leistung spielen, bietet dieses System ungeahnte und für die Bibliothekswissenschaft strategische Möglichkeiten, sich bei der Objektivierung der Beurteilung der Bedeutung eines Gesamtwerkes einzubringen. Der Beitrag stellt allgemeine Aspekte des Systems „WorldCat Identities“ vor und diskutiert anschließend die Anwendung in der Politikwissenschaft. Grundlage ist ein Sample von über 100 habilitierten österreichischen Politikwissenschaftler*innen und Preisträger*innen des Skytte-Preises.
Jaguar density in the most threatened ecoregion of the Amazon
Authors: Mendonça Eloisa Neves , Albernaz Ana Luisa , Costa Lopes Alexandre Martins , Carvalho Elildo A. R.
Published: February 2023

Population parameters provide essential information for conservation efforts aimed at target species. We used the spatially explicit capture-recapture method to estimate the jaguar density and population size in the Gurupi Jaguar Conservation Unit (JCU), located in the most threatened ecoregion of the Amazon. The estimated density of 2.62 individuals/100 km2 in a continuous forest of over 10,000 km2 implies a small effective population size, underscoring the threat to the long-term viability of the Gurupi JCU’s jaguar population. We recommend urgent forest restoration actions to reduce fragmentation and improve connectivity between Gurupi JCU and other forest fragments to facilitate jaguar gene flow.
Technological advances in three-dimensional skin tissue engineering
Authors: Cai Runxuan , Gimenez-Camino Naroa , Xiao Ming , Bi Shuguang , DiVito Kyle A.
Published: February 2023

Tissue engineering is an enabling technology that can be used to repair, replace, and regenerate different types of biological tissues and holds great potential in various biomedical applications. As the first line of defense for the human body, the skin has a complex structure. When skin is injured by trauma or disease, the skin tissues may regenerate under natural conditions, though often resulting in irreversible and aesthetically unpleasant scarring. The development of skin tissue engineering strategies was reviewed. Although the traditional approaches to skin tissue engineering have made good progress, they are still unable to effectively deal with large-area injuries or produce full-thickness grafts. In vitro three-dimensional (3D) skin constructs are good skin equivalent substitutes and they have promoted many major innovative discoveries in biology and medicine. 3D skin manufacturing technology can be divided into two categories: scaffold-free and scaffold-based. The representatives of traditional scaffold-free approaches are transwell/Boyden chamber approach and organotypic 3D skin culture. Because of its low cost and high repeatability, the scaffold-free 3D skin model is currently commonly used for cytotoxicity analysis, cell biochemical analysis, and high-throughput cell function. At present, many drug experiments use artificial skin developed by traditional approaches to replace animal models. 3D bioprinting technology is a scaffold-based approach. As a novel tissue manufacturing technology, it can quickly design and build a multi-functional human skin model. This technology offers new opportunities to build tissues and organs layer by layer, and it is now used in regenerative medicine to meet the increasing need for tissues and organs suitable for transplantation. 3D bioprinting can generate skin substitutes with improved quality and high complexity for wound healing and in vitro disease modeling. In this review, we analyze different types of conventional techniques to engineer skin and compare them with 3D bioprinting. We also summarized different types of equipment, bioinks, and scaffolds used in 3D skin engineering. In these skin culture techniques, we focus on 3D skin bioprinting technology. While 3D bioprinting technology is still maturing and improvements to the techniques and protocols are required, this technology holds great promise in skin-related applications.
Effect of sintering temperature on re-distribution of cations, electronic structure and tuning of optical band gap and ferromagnetism in Mn0.1Co0.9Fe2O4 spinel ferrites
Authors: Abinaya Nandagopal , Charles Robert Muthaian , Kaviyapandimeena Kumaravel , Christuraj Paul Chinnappan
Published: February 2023

Manganese-ion doped cobalt ferrite with the composition Mn0.1Co0.9Fe2O4 was synthesized by the self-combustion method and sintered at 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C, represented as MCF-800, MCF-900 and MCF-1000, respectively. X-ray methods observed a single-phase cubic spinel formation. XPS analysis revealed the distribution of Mn3+ and Mn2+ ions in the tetrahedral A and octahedral B sites. Optical absorption studies confirmed an energy bandgap of 1.2505 eV for the sample MCF-1000, corresponding to near IR absorption useful for catalytic and water-splitting applications. The VSM measurements revealed a maximum magnetization (Ms) of 79.612 emu/g for the sample MCF-1000. The maximum entropy method (MEM) electron density distribution studies revealed different strengths of electron density for the cation tetrahedral site A and octahedral site B depending on sintering temperature variation. The sample sintered at 1000 °C with the A–O covalent and B–O ionic bonds with mid-bond densities of 1.903 e/Å3 and 0.381 e/Å3 may be useful for ferromagnetic applications. The magnetic, optical, and electronic analyses confirm that the sample MCF-1000 may be best suited for low-cost catalytic, water splitting and ferrite applications.
Piaci szervezetek képzés-fejlesztési gyakorlata
Authors: Bachmann-Matisa Júlia
Published: February 2023

A vállalatok, intézmények emberi erőforrásának képzés-fejlesztésének a HR egyik kulcsfunkciójaként fontos szerep jut és a tudatos képzés-fejlesztésnek tevőleges szerepe van számos, a HR menedzsmenthez tartozó témában: ennek a CRANET non-profit HR kutató hálózatának idei legújabb hazai, illetve nemzetközi felmérés adatainak feldolgozásával van lehetőség objektív keretet adni. Mindemellett fontos adatokkal szolgálnak más, hazai kutatások is, amelyek főképp a COVID-19 vírus által kiváltott globális válság magyar vonatkozásait járják körbe: hogyan is hatott a pandémia a vállalatok képzés-fejlesztésére? A kutatás célja összevetni a különböző adatbázisok egymással releváns információit, kiegészítve szisztematikus irodalomkutatással, amely a képzés-fejlesztésnek, mint stratégiai szerep kiemelésének és támogatásának jelentőségének hivatott utánajárni. Három témában sikerült részben teljes, részleges, illetve további kutatásokat kívánó válaszokat kapni: válsághelyzetben a képzés-fejlesztés háttérbe szorul, ennek a területnek a tudatos kiemelése egyes cégeknél mégis megfigyelhető, illetve a vállalatok közül azok tudnak versenyelőnyre szert tenni, amelyek gyorsan reagálnak a megváltozott körülményekre és online tréningekkel váltják fel képzési kínálatukat. A feltárt összefüggések jövőbeni kutatási lehetőségeket kínálnak, akár komplexebb statisztikai elemzésekkel kísérve és az elméleti haszon mellett a gyakorlati alkalmazás is indokolt lehet: a szervezetek részére ösztönzőleg hathatnak a konkrét példák a képzés-fejlesztés, mint HR kulcsfunkció tudatos szervezésére, amelyek nemcsak a vállalat stratégiai szerepének, hanem a szervezeti közösségek megerősítéséhez is hozzájárulhatnak.
Interdisciplinary Review of the Qualities of Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Bal Rith , Mutton Lauren
Published: February 2023

Brain cancer, despite being one of the rarest forms of cancer, is one of the most substantially impactful cancers known to humankind. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted nature of brain cancer is conducted, with a particular focus placed on Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Epidemiology, prevention measures, treatment techniques, and determinants of susceptibility are investigated to gain a deeper understanding of GBM. Additionally, the biophysical concepts used in Computed Tomography (CT) scanning for tumour detection are explored. Radiation therapy as a treatment modality for GBM is examined using Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT). Furthermore, the mechanism of action of Temozolomide, the prevailing chemotherapeutic drug used to hinder GBM growth by methylating target DNA sites, was also analyzed. Additionally, a cell survival curve outlining a traditional fractionation schedule of 2.21 Gy installments was created to effectively model a conventional radiation treatment plan. As a result, we are able to gauge the efficacy of such radiation treatments. In summation, we present a broad synopsis of the current strategies, insight, and approaches used to detect, image, and treat the malignant growth of GBM.
Endometriosis Misdiagnosis
Authors: Jeong Aileen
Published: February 2023

Endometriosis is a disease that is common among reproductive-aged females and can present itself through symptoms such as pelvic pain and infertility. The current process of diagnosing this disease involves laparoscopy, an invasive surgical procedure. This method of diagnosis have been proven to be suboptimal and suggests the need for reevaluation. The misdiagnosis and delays in diagnosis of endometriosis have become a public health crisis and many authors propose alternative methods of clinical, noninvasive diagnostic techniques.
The Potentiation of Cortical Pyramidal Neurons Due to the Gain of Function Mutation of Kv.4.2 Channels
Authors: Sariaslani Armin
Published: February 2023

Kv4.2 channels are a type of K+ channel responsible for the early phase of repolarization in an action potential. In 2014, a gain of function (GOF) mutation in these channels was shown to lead to seizures. Since this mutation led to a more sustained K+ current in the mutant neurons' repolarizing phase, it is not clear why it would lead to hyperexcitability and not hypoexcitability. It has been shown that the transient silencing of glutamatergic neurons can lead to their potentiation, which is called homeostatic potentiation. This proposal aims to test whether homeostatic potentiation of cortical pyramidal neurons of layer2/3 is the underlying mechanism behind the seizures induced by this mutation. To examine this, three markers of potentiation will be investigated in pyramidal neurons of layer 2/3 in mice that are either wildtype (WT) or mutant for the Kv4.2 GOF mutation. These markers include the excitatory post synaptic current (EPSC), spine density and the AMPA receptor density on the post synaptic density (PSD), which should all increase after potentiation. The results of this research will reveal the mechanism behind this mutation’s effects, potentially leading to the development of targeted pharmacological interventions for the form epilepsy induced by this mutation.
Cardiovascular Health - Why We Need An Intersectional Sex and Gender Approach
Authors: Asaria Ibreez , Kotadia Armaan , Dhillon Dalraj
Published: February 2023

A sex and gender perspective in research involves an appreciation for the intersectionality between sex, gender, and other social factors (i.e. sexuality, socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, etc.) with the risk and development of disease. This piece argues for the greater adoption of a sex and gender perspective in cardiovascular (CV) research. The absence of a sex and gender perspective has led to an underrepresentation of women and LGBTQ+ populations in studies and an underappreciation for both the biological and psychosocial impacts of sex and gender on pathogenesis.1,2 As a result of this insufficient understanding, these populations have faced a greater disease burden, poorer outcomes, and inequitable health interventions.3 The incorporation of a sex and gender lens in CV research will serve to lessen the burden of disease on these underserved populations through developing a greater understanding of the unique differences in the risk and progression of disease. Accordingly, this opinion piece hopes to illustrate the need for a sex and gender perspective in CV research in order to urge researchers, journal publishers, and supporting bodies to include sex and gender as a priority in future research.
Exploring the location of the city hall in Jangsan-gun and the transition of Gun-hye on during the Goryeo Dynasty
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Kim Myeong-jin
Published: February 2023

The name of the town, Jangsan-gun (Gyeongsan-si), was officially given in 757. In 927, at the Battle of Gongsan Dongsu, Wang Geon was defeated by Gyeon Hwon of the Later Baekje. However, the residents of Gyeongsan cooperated with Goryeo. As a reward, Wang Geon changed the name of Jangsan-gun to a better meaning. Jangsan-gun (Jangsanseong) does not know its exact location. However, it was revealed that the site of Gyeongsan City Hall during the Joseon Dynasty was the seat of the Goryeo Dynasty. It was also analyzed that this place would be the site of Jangsan Fortress. The transition of Gun-hyeon of Jangsan-gun of Goryeo began with the Taejo period. Jangsan-gun was transferred to Donggyeong Yusugwan Gyeongju in February 1018 (9th year of King Hyeonjong). In 1172 (the 2nd year of King Myeongjong), Gammu was dispatched. When King Chungseon took the throne, Jangsan-gun was changed to Gyeongsan-hyeon to avoid the king's name. This was December 1308. In 1317 (4th year of King Chungsuk), Gyeongsan-hyeon was said to be the hometown of Il-yeon and became Gyeongsanhyeonryeonggwan. In 1390 (2nd year of King Gongyang), it was elevated to Gyeong san-g un as it was said to be the hometown of King Gongyang's queen.
Does Prematch Neuromuscular Performance Affect Running Performance in Collegiate Elite Female Soccer?
Authors: Ishida Ai , Draper Garrison , White Jason B. , Travis S. Kyle
Published: February 2023

Ishida, A, Draper, G, White, JB, and Travis, SK. Does prematch neuromuscular performance affect running performance in collegiate elite female soccer? J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—The purpose of this study was to investigate whether prematch neuromuscular performance affected match physical performance by player position in Division I collegiate female soccer. Fourteen players participated (20.7 ± 1.3 years; 165.1 ± 6.0 cm; 63.3 ± 7.0 kg) in this study. Players were selected based on being free from injuries, playing for a duration of ≥72 minutes, and match intervals were ≥2 days. Data included 73 observations (n = 5 defenders, n = 7 midfielders, and n = 2 forward) from 14 official matches. Prematch neuromuscular performance was assessed using countermovement jump (CMJ) with polyvinyl chloride pipe on dual force plates. Countermovement jump variables included jump height (JH) and relative peak power (RPP). Match physical performance included average speed, high-speed running (HSR), and number of high accelerations and decelerations. Linear mixed model was compiled with fixed effects of loaded with fixed effect of JH, RPP, and position and random effects per individual player. In CMJ and player position model, RPP was a significant predictor for average HSR (p = 0.003) while fixed effects of JH and position were not significant (p = 0.15–0.86). The fixed and random effects explained 34.8 and 42.1% of variances in average HSR. In CMJ-only model, RPP significantly predicted the variances in average HSR (p = 0.001). The fixed effects and random effects of the model explained 22.7 and 51.8% of the variance in average HSR. However, position-only was not a significant predictor for average HSR in the position-only model (p = 0.26 and 0.33). Prematch CMJ RPP may be the greatest predictor of average HSR in collegiate female soccer.
Testosterone and Cortisol Salivary Samples Are Stable Across Multiple Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Authors: Sontag Stephanie A. , Cabarkapa Dimitrije , Fry Andrew C.
Published: February 2023

Sontag, SA, Cabarkapa, D, and Fry, AC. Testosterone and cortisol salivary samples are stable across multiple freeze-thaw cycles. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 915–918, 2023—When processing salivary samples for biomarker analysis, avoiding multiple freeze-thaw cycles is generally recommended. However, confusing tissue handling instructions or challenges with collections in the field sometimes makes this problematic. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine if the stability of salivary testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) hormones remains unchanged when exposed to multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Seven healthy recreationally active adults provided salivary samples at rest (i.e., 1600 hours) for analysis of T and C. Samples were separated into 4 aliquots for each hormone and underwent 4 freeze-thaw cycles (T1–T4 and C1–C4) before being analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The overall analysis of variance model was significant for T (p = 0.008) and nonsignificant for C (p = 0.820). A follow-up post hoc comparison indicated significant differences in salivary hormonal concentrations between T1 and T4 (p = 0.029), T2 and T4 (p = 0.007), and T3 and T4 (p = 0.032). The findings of this study indicate that salivary steroid hormones seem to be relatively stable following multiple freeze-thaw cycles. However, C seems to be more stable when exposed to multiple freeze-thaw cycles, as T concentrations did reveal a significant decrease by the fourth thaw cycle.
Comparison of Joint-Level Kinetics During Single-Leg and Double-Leg Weightlifting Derivatives
Authors: Hayashi Ryohei , Yoshida Takuya , Kariyama Yasushi
Published: February 2023

Hayashi, R, Yoshida, T, and Kariyama, Y. Comparison of joint-level kinetics during single- and double-leg weightlifting derivatives. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): 1017–1022, 2023—Humans have different 3-dimensional biomechanical characteristics of the lower extremities during locomotion with one and both legs. These biomechanical characteristics may also be observed in the weightlifting derivatives. This study aimed to compare the 3-dimensional joint kinetics of the lower extremities during the single-leg hang power clean (SHPC) and double-leg hang power clean (DHPC). Ten male track and field athletes performed the SHPC and DHPC using external loads of 30, 60, and 90% of one repetition maximum (1RM). The 1RMs in SHPC and DHPC were measured separately, and the external loads at 30, 60, and 90% of the 1RM used were determined based on the different 1RMs in SHPC and DHPC. We calculated the joint moment and joint power of the SHPC and DHPC using a motion capture system and force platforms. The hip abduction moment and power of the SHPC were significantly greater than those of the DHPC under all external loads (p < 0.05). In addition, ankle joint moment at all external loads and joint power at 90% of 1RM was greater for SHPC than for DHPC (p < 0.05). Furthermore, although hip (extension-flexion) and ankle joint kinetics in SHPC and DHPC showed similar load dependence, hip abduction axis kinetics was not load dependent. These results suggest that the hip (abduction-adduction) and ankle joint kinetics in SHPC are greater than in DHPC, but hip (abduction-abduction) kinetics in SHPC is not load independent.
Influence of Upper-Extremity and Lower-Extremity Resistance Exercise on Segmental Body Composition and Body Fluid Estimates
Authors: Rodriguez Christian , Florez Christine M. , Prather Jessica , Zaragoza Javier , Tinnin Matthias , Brennan Kindyle L. , Taylor Lem , Tinsley Grant M.
Published: February 2023

Rodriguez, C, Florez, CM, Prather, J, Zaragoza, J, Tinnin, M, Brennan, KL, Taylor, L, and Tinsley, GM. Influence of upper-extremity and lower-extremity resistance exercise on segmental body composition and body fluid estimates. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): 1042–1051, 2023—The purpose of this analysis was to determine if acute, localized resistance exercise (RE) artificially influences total and regional estimates of body composition from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Recreationally active male (n = 14) and female (n = 18) subjects completed 3 testing visits: rest (R), upper-extremity RE (U), and lower-extremity RE (L). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans were completed before exercise and 60 minutes after exercise. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was completed immediately before and after exercise and at 15, 30, and 60 minutes after exercise. Subjects were not allowed to intake fluid during the exercise session or during the postexercise assessment period. The effects of the acute RE session on DXA and BIA estimates were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with a random intercept for subject. Condition by time interactions were observed for most BIA outcomes. Relative to the reference model (i.e., R condition at baseline), total body water and fat-free mass estimates were, on average, approximately 1 and approximately 1.2 kg higher, in the U condition. In contrast, lower-extremity RE exerted little or no impact on most BIA variables. Some DXA estimates exhibited time main effects, but the magnitude of changes was negligible. An acute bout of localized RE, particularly upper-extremity RE, can artificially influence BIA body fluid and composition estimates, whereas DXA may be robust to the acute biological error introduced by RE. Although body composition assessments should ideally be conducted under standardized conditions, DXA may be suitable in less standardized situations. In addition, BIA is differentially influenced by upper-extremity and lower-extremity resistance exercise.
The Effects of Various Work-to-Rest Ratios During High-Intensity Intermittent Exercises on Uchi-Komi Performance and Postexercise Heart Rate and Blood Lactate in Judo Athletes
Authors: Ceylan Bayram , Balci Sukru Serdar
Published: February 2023

Ceylan, B and Balci, SS. The effects of various work-to-rest ratios during high-intensity intermittent exercises on uchi-komi performance and postexercise heart rate and blood lactate in judo athletes. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): 1231–1236, 2023—Uchi-komi exercises are the most important component of judo training. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different rest intervals during high-intensity intermittent uchi-komi exercises on total technique repetitions and physiological load in judo athletes. Twenty-two male judo athletes (mean age 19.0 ± 1.2 years, judo experience 7.6 ± 22.7 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Athletes' body composition and judo-specific performance were determined. The athletes randomly performed 20 seconds × 8 sets of high-intensity intermittent exercise using ippon-seoi-nage technique with 1:1/2, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 work-to-rest ratios on separate days. Before and 1, 7, 15, and 30 minutes after each exercise, athletes' heart rate (HR) and blood lactate were determined. The number of repetitions differed according to rest durations, when the rest duration decreased, the number of the repetitions decreased (F
21, 441 = 7.09, p < 0.001). Blood lactate responses were similar during the exercises with different rest intervals (F
3,63 = 2.15, p = 0.10). The shorter the rest duration, the higher the HR (F
3,63 = 6.81, p < 0.001). The current study proposed that 1:2 and 1:3 work-to-rest ratios at high-intensity intermittent uchi-komi exercise are the most appropriate intervals to ensure a high number of technique repetitions and the continuity of the training.
Evaluating the Variability Between 20-m Multistage Fitness Test Estimating Equations in Law Enforcement Recruits
Authors: Campbell Patrick , Maupin Danny , Lockie Robert G. , Dawes J. Jay , Simas Vinicius , Canetti Elisa , Schram Ben , Orr Robin
Published: February 2023

Campbell, P, Maupin, D, Lockie, RG, Dawes, JJ, Simas, V, Canetti, E, Schram, B, and Orr, R. Evaluating the variability between 20-m multistage fitness test estimating equations in law enforcement recruits. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 742–748, 2024—The 20-m multistage fitness test (20MSFT) is commonly used by law enforcement agencies to measure aerobic fitness and to estimate maximal aerobic consumption (V̇o
2max). These measures are an important occupational variable with aerobic fitness levels linked to employment status, occupational performance, and long-term health in law enforcement officers. There are a multitude of predictive equations used to provide an estimate of V̇o
2max, with the extent of variability in the estimated V̇o
2max currently unknown in this population. This has consequences for comparisons between, and across, differing agencies, and in capabilities of deriving normative data. The aim of this investigation was to compare the variability in estimated V̇o
2max scores derived from different 20MSFT predictive equations. The 20-m multistage fitness test data from 1,094 law enforcement recruits (male n = 741, 25.2 ± 6.3 years; female: n = 353, 25.6 ± 5.6 years) from a single agency were retrospectively analyzed. The 20MSFT scores were transformed into estimated V̇o
2max scores using 6 different predictive equations. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results demonstrated significantly different V̇o
2max scores between each predictive equation (p < 0.001; d = 0.25–1.53) and between male and female recruits (p < 0.001, r = 0.55). All estimated V̇o
2max equations showed small to very strong correlations with each other (p < 0.001; r = 0.32–0.99). The findings indicate considerable dispersion of V̇o
2max scores when using differing equations, suggesting raw 20MSFT variables (e.g., shuttles or distance completed) should be preferred to measure and apply results from aerobic fitness tests if standardized approaches are not developed within law enforcement.
Hip Strength Profiling of Ice Hockey Athletes Across Various Joint-Specific Angles: Monitoring and Injury Implications
Authors: Secomb Josh L. , Kelly Matt , Dascombe Ben J.
Published: February 2023

Secomb, JL, Kelly, M, and Dascombe, BJ. Hip strength profiling of ice hockey athletes across various joint-specific angles: monitoring and injury implications. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): e422–e429, 2023—The purpose of this research was to compare the hip adduction and abduction relative strength, adduction-to-abduction strength ratio (ADD:ABD), and interlimb asymmetries of ice hockey athletes between the typically used bilateral position and 3 unilateral positions in joint-specific angles (0°, 25°, and 50° of hip abduction) relevant to an ice hockey stride. A secondary purpose was to explore any relationships between these measures and hip and groin noncontact injuries, and self-reported pain and disability. Twenty-five semiprofessional male ice hockey athletes (26.7 ± 6.7 years) were assessed for hip abduction range of motion (ROM), hip adduction and abduction relative strength, and completed the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) questionnaire. Within-subjects repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant effect for the assessment position for adduction (F
1,24 = 52.4, p < 0.01) and abduction relative strength (F
1,24 = 152.1, p < 0.01), ADD:ABD (F
1,24 = 38.9, p < 0.01), and the interlimb asymmetries for each of these variables (F
1,24 = 9.8–12.3; p < 0.01), with large strength differences observed between the bilateral assessment and all unilateral assessment positions for adduction and abduction relative strength. In addition, 4 athletes experienced a noncontact hip or groin injury within 1 month after testing, and when compared with the rest of the cohort (n = 21) with Welch's t-tests, demonstrated significantly reduced hip abduction ROM (mean difference [MD] = −8.4 ± 2.5°; p < 0.01), sport subscale score for the HAGOS questionnaire (MD = −33.9 ± 7.1; p < 0.01), and a decline in hip adduction relative strength in the unilateral position of 50° compared with the position of 25° hip abduction (MD = −13.4 ± 3.8; p = 0.04). These results suggest that practitioners working with ice hockey athletes may benefit from profiling hip strength in these unilateral joint-specific angle positions because they provide an evidence base to determine the hip strength needs of ice hockey athletes in positions associated with skating performance and noncontact hip and groin injury mechanisms (between 25° and 50° of hip abduction).
Replicating Maximum Periods of Play in Australian Football Matches Through Position-Specific Drills
Authors: Wing Christopher , Hart Nicolas H. , Ma'ayah Fadi , Nosaka Kazunori
Published: February 2023

Wing, C, Hart, NH, Ma’ayah, F, and Nosaka, K. Replicating maximum periods of play in Australian football matches through position-specific drills. J Strength Cond Res 37(8): 1628–1633, 2023—This study evaluated whether a position-specific drill replicates the running intensities of maximum ball in play (BiP) phases in competitive matches of Australian football (AF). Match data were collected on 32 AF players across 3 seasons (2019, 2020, 2021), with training session data collected from the same players across the 2021 season. Three position-specific training drills were created for defense, offense, and combination (defense and offense combined). Running intensities were compared between maximum BiP periods (e.g., periods with the highest metric per minute) from competitive matches and position-specific training drills, as well as between the 3 position-specific training drills using linear mixed models. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Measures of distance (offense: 44.4 m·minute−1, defense: 83.5 m·minute−1, combination: 50.4 m·minute−1), high-speed running (offense: 76.7 m·minute−1, defense: 134.6 m·minute−1, combination: 89.6 m·minute−1), very high–speed running (offense: 26.7 m·minute−1, defense: 56.2 m·minute−1, combination: 55.0 m·minute−1), and high-intensity efforts (offense: 2.3 efforts·minute−1, defense: 3.0 efforts·minute−1, combination: 2.8 efforts·minute−1), relative to time were greater (p < 0.001) in all 3 position-specific training drills compared with BiP phases. All measured metrics were significantly (p < 0.001) greater in the defense drill compared with the offense drill, whereas distance, high-speed running, PlayerLoad, and accelerations were significantly (p < 0.001) greater when compared with the combination drill. These demonstrate that position-specific training drills that we created replicated or exceeded the running intensities recorded during matches based on maximum BiP periods. Position-specific training drills seem to be an attractive addition to AF players training regimens because it concurrently provides training for physical and technical actions (e.g., handballs).
Monitoring Performance in Golf: More Than Just Clubhead Speed
Authors: Brennan Alex , Ehlert Alex , Wells Jack , Broadie Mark , Coughlan Daniel , Turner Anthony , Bishop Chris
Published: February 2023

In the golfing literature, clubhead speed is the most commonly reported metric to assess golf performance. However, a rise in the availability and use of launch monitor technologies in recent years has gathered a wide range of metrics for any given golf shot. In addition, with distance and dispersion (accuracy) being the outcome measures of any given shot and of utmost importance in golf, launch monitors can provide an in-depth understanding of how a golf shot has been achieved. To date, very limited information offers practitioners working in golf an understanding of how these metrics interlink and relate to the outcomes of any given shot. Thus, we have created a deterministic model for the golf shot and provided an overview of the relationship between these launch monitor metrics and the outcome measures of distance and accuracy. This information will give practitioners a more detailed understanding of how golf shots have been achieved and help provide more methodical means of monitoring golf performance and providing feedback to players.
The Neural Basis for Biased Behavioral Responses Evoked by Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation in Primates
Authors: Forbes Patrick A. , Kwan Annie , Mitchell Diana E. , Blouin Jean-Sébastien , Cullen Kathleen E.
Published: February 2023

Noninvasive electrical stimulation of the vestibular system in humans has become an increasingly popular tool with a broad range of research and clinical applications. However, common assumptions regarding the neural mechanisms that underlie the activation of central vestibular pathways through such stimulation, known as galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), have not been directly tested. Here, we show that GVS is encoded by VIIIth nerve vestibular afferents with nonlinear dynamics that differ markedly from those predicted by current models. GVS produced asymmetric activation of both semicircular canal and otolith afferents to the onset versus offset and cathode versus anode of applied current, that in turn produced asymmetric eye movement responses in three awake-behaving male monkeys. Additionally, using computational methods, we demonstrate that the experimentally observed nonlinear neural response dynamics lead to an unexpected directional bias in the net population response when the information from both vestibular nerves is centrally integrated. Together our findings reveal the neural basis by which GVS activates the vestibular system, establish that neural response dynamics differ markedly from current predictions, and advance our mechanistic understanding of how asymmetric activation of the peripheral vestibular system alters vestibular function. We suggest that such nonlinear encoding is a general feature of neural processing that will be common across different noninvasive electrical stimulation approaches.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere, we show that the application of noninvasive electrical currents to the vestibular system (GVS) induces more complex responses than commonly assumed. We recorded vestibular afferent activity in macaque monkeys exposed to GVS using a setup analogous to human studies. GVS evoked notable asymmetries in irregular afferent responses to cathodal versus anodal currents. We developed a nonlinear model explaining these GVS-evoked afferent responses. Our model predicts that GVS induces directional biases in centrally integrated head motion signals and establishes electrical stimuli that recreate physiologically plausible sensations of motion. Altogether, our findings provide new insights into how GVS activates the vestibular system, which will be vital to advancing new clinical and biomedical applications.
Temporal Irreversibility of Large-Scale Brain Dynamics in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Cruzat Josephine , Herzog Ruben , Prado Pavel , Sanz-Perl Yonatan , Gonzalez-Gomez Raul , Moguilner Sebastian , Kringelbach Morten L. , Deco Gustavo , Tagliazucchi Enzo , Ibañez Agustín
Published: February 2023

Healthy brain dynamics can be understood as the emergence of a complex system far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Brain dynamics are temporally irreversible and thus establish a preferred direction in time (i.e., arrow of time). However, little is known about how the time-reversal symmetry of spontaneous brain activity is affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that the level of irreversibility would be compromised in AD, signaling a fundamental shift in the collective properties of brain activity toward equilibrium dynamics. We investigated the irreversibility from resting-state fMRI and EEG data in male and female human patients with AD and elderly healthy control subjects (HCs). We quantified the level of irreversibility and, thus, proximity to nonequilibrium dynamics by comparing forward and backward time series through time-shifted correlations. AD was associated with a breakdown of temporal irreversibility at the global, local, and network levels, and at multiple oscillatory frequency bands. At the local level, temporoparietal and frontal regions were affected by AD. The limbic, frontoparietal, default mode, and salience networks were the most compromised at the network level. The temporal reversibility was associated with cognitive decline in AD and gray matter volume in HCs. The irreversibility of brain dynamics provided higher accuracy and more distinctive information than classical neurocognitive measures when differentiating AD from control subjects. Findings were validated using an out-of-sample cohort. Present results offer new evidence regarding pathophysiological links between the entropy generation rate of brain dynamics and the clinical presentation of AD, opening new avenues for dementia characterization at different levels.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBy assessing the irreversibility of large-scale dynamics across multiple brain signals, we provide a precise signature capable of distinguishing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) at the global, local, and network levels and different oscillatory regimes. Irreversibility of limbic, frontoparietal, default-mode, and salience networks was the most compromised by AD compared with more sensory–motor networks. Moreover, the time-irreversibility properties associated with cognitive decline and atrophy outperformed and complemented classical neurocognitive markers of AD in predictive classification performance. Findings were generalized and replicated with an out-of-sample validation procedure. We provide novel multilevel evidence of reduced irreversibility in AD brain dynamics that has the potential to open new avenues for understating neurodegeneration in terms of the temporal asymmetry of brain dynamics.
Carbogen-Induced Respiratory Acidosis Blocks Experimental Seizures by a Direct and Specific Inhibition of NaV1.2 Channels in the Axon Initial Segment of Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Hatch Robert J. , Berecki Géza , Jancovski Nikola , Li Melody , Rollo Ben , Jafar-Nejad Paymaan , Rigo Frank , Kaila Kai , Reid Christopher A. , Petrou Steven
Published: February 2023

Brain pH is a critical factor for determining neuronal activity, with alkalosis increasing and acidosis reducing excitability. Acid shifts in brain pH through the breathing of carbogen (5% CO2/95% O2) reduces seizure susceptibility in animal models and patients. The molecular mechanisms underlying this seizure protection remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that male and female mice exposed to carbogen are fully protected from thermogenic-triggered seizures. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that acid shifts in extracellular pH (pHo) significantly reduce action potential firing in CA1 pyramidal neurons but did not alter firing in hippocampal inhibitory interneurons. In real-time dynamic clamp experiments, acidification reduced simulated action potential firing generated in hybrid model neurons expressing the excitatory neuron predominant NaV1.2 channel. Conversely, acidification had no effect on action potential firing in hybrid model neurons expressing the interneuron predominant NaV1.1 channel. Furthermore, knockdown ofScn2amRNAin vivousing antisense oligonucleotides reduced the protective effects of carbogen on seizure susceptibility. Both carbogen-mediated seizure protection and the reduction in CA1 pyramidal neuron action potential firing by low pHo were maintained in anAsic1aknock-out mouse ruling out this acid-sensing channel as the underlying molecular target. These data indicate that the acid-mediated reduction in excitatory neuron firing is mediated, at least in part, through the inhibition of NaV1.2 channels, whereas inhibitory neuron firing is unaffected. This reduction in pyramidal neuron excitability is the likely basis of seizure suppression caused by carbogen-mediated acidification.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBrain pH has long been known to modulate neuronal excitability. Here, we confirm that brain acidification reduces seizure susceptibility in a mouse model of thermogenic seizures. Extracellular acidification reduced excitatory pyramidal neuron firing while having no effect on interneuron firing. Acidification also reduced dynamic clamp firing in cells expressing the NaV1.2 channel but not in cells expressing NaV1.1 channels.In vivoknockdown of Scn2a mRNA reduced seizure protection of acidification. In contrast, acid-mediated seizure protection was maintained in the Asic1a knock-out mouse. These data suggest NaV1.2 channel as an important target for acid-mediated seizure protection. Our results have implications on how natural variations in pH can modulate neuronal excitability and highlight potential antiseizure drug development strategies based on the NaV1.2 channel.
DNA‐PKcs and ATM modulate mitochondrial ADP‐ATP exchange as an oxidative stress checkpoint mechanism
Authors: Chen Wei‐Min , Chiang Jui‐Chung , Shang Zengfu , Palchik Guillermo , Newman Ciara , Zhang Yuanyuan , Davis Anthony J , Lee Hsinyu , Chen Benjamin PC
Published: February 2023

DNA‐PKcs is a key regulator of DNA double‐strand break repair. Apart from its canonical role in the DNA damage response, DNA‐PKcs is involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress (OS), but its exact role remains unclear. Here, we report that DNA‐PKcs‐deficient human cells display depolarized mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and reoriented metabolism, supporting a role for DNA‐PKcs in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). DNA‐PKcs directly interacts with mitochondria proteins ANT2 and VDAC2, and formation of the DNA‐PKcs/ANT2/VDAC2 (DAV) complex supports optimal exchange of ADP and ATP across mitochondrial membranes to energize the cell via OXPHOS and to maintain MMP. Moreover, we demonstrate that the DAV complex temporarily dissociates in response to oxidative stress to attenuate ADP‐ATP exchange, a rate‐limiting step for OXPHOS. Finally, we found that dissociation of the DAV complex is mediated by phosphorylation of DNA‐PKcs at its Thr2609 cluster by ATM kinase. Based on these findings, we propose that the coordination between the DAV complex and ATM serves as a novel oxidative stress checkpoint to decrease ROS production from mitochondrial OXPHOS and to hasten cellular recovery from OS.
Evolution of genome fragility enables microbial division of labor
Authors: Colizzi Enrico Sandro , van Dijk Bram , Merks Roeland M H , Rozen Daniel E , Vroomans Renske M A
Published: February 2023

Division of labor can evolve when social groups benefit from the functional specialization of its members. Recently, a novel means of coordinating the division of labor was found in the antibiotic‐producing bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor, where specialized cells are generated through large‐scale genomic re‐organization. We investigate how the evolution of a genome architecture enables such mutation‐driven division of labor, using a multiscale computational model of bacterial evolution. In this model, bacterial behavior—antibiotic production or replication—is determined by the structure and composition of their genome, which encodes antibiotics, growth‐promoting genes, and fragile genomic loci that can induce chromosomal deletions. We find that a genomic organization evolves, which partitions growth‐promoting genes and antibiotic‐coding genes into distinct parts of the genome, separated by fragile genomic loci. Mutations caused by these fragile sites mostly delete growth‐promoting genes, generating sterile, and antibiotic‐producing mutants from weakly‐producing progenitors, in agreement with experimental observations. This division of labor enhances the competition between colonies by promoting antibiotic diversity. These results show that genomic organization can co‐evolve with genomic instabilities to enable reproductive division of labor.
Effect of Saline Treatment on Seed Germination of Adzuki Beans
Authors: Han Shuting , Lu Kangyu , Guo Tianbing , Zhang Ying , Wang Binbin , Wu Baomei
Published: February 2023

Salinity is one of the major causes of abiotic stress for plant development and growth worldwide, and affects crop yield significantly. To analyse the level of salinity tolerance among 'Ji Hong 20' (JH20), 'Jin Xiao Dou 5' (JXD5) and 'Jin Xiao Dou 6' (JXD6) adzuki bean cultivars, nine
saline levels (0.0, 32.5, 65.0, 97.5, 130.0, 162.5, 195.0, 227.5 and 260.0 mmol L-1 NaCl) were applied during seed germination. Germination potentials and final germination percentages of all cultivars were significantly reduced by NaCl with the level at which germination was affected
being dependent on cultivar. The JXD5 seeds had the highest germination index and vigour index at the same NaCl concentrations, followed by the JH20 and then JXD6 seeds. The shoot and root lengths of JH20 and JXD5 were significantly shorter at NaCl concentrations > 65.0 mmol L-1,
while those of JXD6 were reduced at salinity > 32.5 mmol L-1. Quadratic regression models could well predict the germination percentage of JH20, JXD5 and JXD6 seeds under saline stress.
Katakumby monasteru supraskiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Katedra Teologii Prawosławnej, Polska, Mironowicz Antoni
Published: February 2023

The bodies of the founders and representatives of many prominent Orthodox families from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were buried in the catacombs of the Suprasl monastery in the 16th century. Some of the people buried in the catacombs were transferred to the altar part of the Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1644. Currently, an important problem is the protection and reconstruction of the Suprasl catacombs.