bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desire and the Political Theology of the International
Authors: Valk John-Harmen
Published: June 2024

Political theological explorations of the international have mounted an important challenge to standard secularization narratives by drawing attention to the manner in which modern international political thought has taken up and refashioned theological notions. However, there exists a certain danger of reducing the political theological move to the level of intellectualism. Explorations would benefit from attention to theology understood as an embodied form of understanding, as a way of life, and more specifically to the manner in which desire shapes understanding of and action within the world of international politics. This chapter details the intellectualist danger in two prominent, recent interjections regarding the political theology of the international, those of Seán Molloy and William Bain. Next it flags how two key critics of the political theological move, Mark Lilla and Hans Blumenberg, actually recognize the centrality of desire in human thought and action, while also noting the inadequacies of their accounts. It then highlights how the work of Charles Taylor and Talal Asad might inspire a political theology of the international that avoids the intellectualist danger by giving attention to desire.
Legionella effectors SidC/SdcA ubiquitinate multiple small GTPases and SNARE proteins to promote phagosomal maturation
Authors: Ma Kelong , Shu Rundong , Liu Hongtao , Ge Jinli , Liu Jiayang , Lu Qian , Fu Jiaqi , Liu Xiaoyun , Qiu Jiazhang
Published: June 2024

Protein ubiquitination is one of the most important posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in eukaryotes and is involved in the regulation of almost all cellular signaling pathways. The intracellular bacterial pathogenLegionella pneumophilatranslocates at least 26 effectors to hijack host ubiquitination signaling via distinct mechanisms. Among these effectors, SidC/SdcA are novel E3 ubiquitin ligases with the adoption of a Cys-His-Asp catalytic triad. SidC/SdcA are critical for the recruitment of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived vesicles to theLegionella-containingvacuole (LCV). However, the ubiquitination targets of SidC/SdcA are largely unknown, which restricts our understanding of the mechanisms used by these effectors to hijack the vesicle trafficking pathway. Here, we demonstrated that multiple Rab small GTPases and target soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) proteins arebona fideubiquitination substrates of SidC/SdcA. SidC/SdcA-mediated ubiquitination of syntaxin 3 and syntaxin 4 promotes their unconventional pairing with the vesicle-SNARE protein Sec22b, thereby contributing to the membrane fusion of ER-derived vesicles with the phagosome. In addition, our data reveal that ubiquitination of Rab7 by SidC/SdcA is critical for its association with the LCV membrane. Rab7 ubiquitination could impair its binding with the downstream effector Rab-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP), which partially explains why LCVs avoid fusion with lysosomes despite the acquisition of Rab7. Taken together, our study reveals the biological mechanisms employed by SidC/SdcA to promote the maturation of the LCVs.
On the Steady Flows of Viscous Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Equations in an Infinite Horizontal Layer
Authors: Benabidallah Rachid , Ebobisse François
Published: June 2024

We consider in an infinite horizontal layer the stationary motion of a viscous compressible fluid in a magnetic field subject to the gravitational force, where the Dirichlet boundary condition for the velocity and similar but non-homogeneous and large enough conditions for the magnetic field are assumed. Existence of a stationary solution in a neighborhood close to the equilibrium state is obtained in Sobolev spaces as limit of a sequence of fixed points of some suitable operators.
Analyse von Einflussfaktoren auf ambulante pädiatrische Antibiotikaverordnungen in Bielefeld 2015–2018
Authors: Bornemann Reinhard , Heidenreich Andreas , Hoyer Annika , Mohsenpour Amir , Tillmann Roland
Published: June 2024

Hintergrund

Beim Antibiotika-Verordnungsverhalten bestehen deutliche regionale Unterschiede. Die Ursachen dafür sind noch weitgehend unklar. Neben demografischen und morbiditätsbezogenen spielen auch arztindividuelle bzw. „kulturelle“ Faktoren eine Rolle. Um diese besser einordnen zu können, ist eine differenzierte Analyse unter Einbezug von Diagnosedaten erforderlich.

Methoden

Es erfolgte eine Sekundärdatenanalyse der über die Kassenärztliche Vereinigung Westfalen-Lippe (KVWL) verfügbaren Infektionsdiagnosen bzw. Antibiotikaverordnungen von ambulant tätigen Kinderärztinnen und -ärzten im KV-Bezirk Bielefeld der Jahre 2015–2018. Zusätzlich erfolgten algorithmisierte 1:1-Verknüpfungen von Diagnosen und Verordnungen.

Ergebnisse

Ausgewertet wurden 28.248 Verordnungen bei 262.969 Arzneimittelpatienten (AMP) sowie 90.044 Diagnosen, mit 11.131 1:1-Verknüpfungen. Circa 40 % der Verordnungen konnten somit einer Diagnose zugeordnet werden. Mit Blick auf das Verordnungsverhalten einzelner Praxen fanden sich, adjustiert auf die Nennergröße AMP, trotz vergleichbarer Alters- und Geschlechtsstruktur, z. T. deutliche Unterschiede. Dies betraf sowohl die Verordnungshäufigkeit als auch die Zusammensetzung der verordneten Substanzgruppen.

Diskussion

Die gefundenen Varianzen im Verordnungsverhalten auf Praxisebene sind weder durch die demografische Zusammensetzung noch durch unterschiedliche Morbiditäten der jeweiligen Klientel hinreichend erklärbar. Individuelle Einstellungen bzw. lokale Verordnungskulturen dürften eine relevante Rolle spielen. Hierin liegt ein wichtiger Ansatz für Antibiotic Stewardship (ABS). Die dargelegte Methodik bietet sich über das vorgestellte Gebiet der ambulanten Pädiatrie hinaus als Modell für die detailliertere Analyse auch in anderen ambulanten Fachgruppen an.
Investigating the use of 3-component-2-dimensional particle image velocimetry fields as inflow boundary condition for the direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow
Authors: Kannadasan Ezhilsabareesh , Atkinson Callum , Soria Julio
Published: June 2024

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent wall-bounded flows requires long streamwise computational domains to establish the correct spatial evolution of large-scale structures with high fidelity. In contrast, experimental measurements can relatively easily capture large-scale structures but struggle to resolve the dissipative flow scales with high fidelity. One methodology to overcome the shortcomings of each approach is by incorporating experimental velocity field measurements into DNS as an inflow boundary condition. This hybrid approach combines the strengths of DNS and experimental measurements, allowing for a reduction in the streamwise computational domain and accelerated development of large-scale structures in turbulent wall-bounded flows. To this end, this paper reports the results of an investigation to establish the impact of limited spatial resolution and limited near-wall experimental inflow data on the DNS of a wall-bounded turbulent shear flow. Specifically, this study investigates the spatial extent required for the DNS of a turbulent channel flow to recover the turbulent velocity fluctuations and energy when experimental inflow data is typically unable to capture fluctuations down to the viscous sub-layer or the smallest viscous scales (i.e. the Kolmogorov scale or their surrogate viscous scale in wall-bounded turbulent shear slows) is used as the inflow to a DNS. A time-resolved numerically generated experimental field is constructed from a periodic channel flow DNS (PCH-DNS) at $$Re_{\tau } =$$

R

e
τ

=

550 and 2300, which is subsequently used as the inflow velocity field for an inflow–outflow boundary conditions DNS. The time-resolved experimental inflow field is generated by appropriately filtering the small scales from the PCH-DNS velocity by integrating over a spatial domain that is representative of a particle image velocimetry interrogation window. This study shows that the recovery of small scales requires a longer domain as the spatial resolution at the inflow decreases with all flow scales recovered and their correct scale-dependent energy is re-established once the flow has developed for 3 channel heights.
Effects of wave exposure and habitat fragmentation on growth and grazing of rocky shore seaweeds: a mesocosm experiment
Authors: Hayes Lucas , Lukić Ivana , Moy Siri R. , Fagerli Camilla W. , Rinde Eli , Christie Hartvig , Bekkby Trine
Published: June 2024

Seaweeds are foundation species on rocky shores that are exposed to a series of stressors. These include wave exposure, desiccation, grazing, and human activities, with habitat fragmentation as a common result. As part of climate and biodiversity changes, we are expecting increased winds and more frequent storm events, warmer climate, and trophic downgrading of ecosystems, causing overgrazing events. Here, we present the results from a two-factorial mesocosm experiment on the relationship between wave exposure, habitat fragmentation and growth (branching and tip elongation) of Fucus vesiculosus in the intertidal and upper subtidal. We found that intertidal seaweeds branched significantly more at low than high wave exposure. There was no effect of habitat fragmentation on branching, and no effects on tip growth from either wave exposure or habitat fragmentation. The experiment suffered greatly from uncontrolled grazing. Gastropod coverage was higher inside seaweed patches than in the seaweed free areas between and outside of the patches. In basins with highly fragmented seaweed patches, we found more gastropods at low than high wave exposure, whereas in basins with low fragmentation we found more gastropods at higher wave exposure. The percent coverage of gastropods in the basins did not seem to impact seaweed growth.
Experiences and Attitudes Toward Telemedicine in an Adult Congenital Heart Disease Clinic: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shiue Mia , Nyman Annique , Karvell Robert , Partington Sara L. , Preminger Tamar J. , Reda Christian , Ruckdeschel Emily , Sullivan Kathleen , Tobin Lynda , Vaikunth Sumeet S. , Saef Joshua , Tedla Bruke A. , Kim Yuli Y.
Published: June 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has driven a broader adoption of telemedicine (TM). We aim to describe adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patient experiences with TM and explore factors associated with positive attitude toward future TM visits. This is a cross-sectional, single-center study in an outpatient ACHD clinic from February to June, 2022. Between-group comparisons were made using Wilcoxon-Rank Sum, Chi-Square, or Fisher-Exact tests. Univariate logistic regression was performed for variables that could correlate with a “positive” attitude toward future TM visits. Significance was determined using an alpha level of 0.05. Of 262 patients (median age 33 years, 55% female, 81% White), 115 (44%) had a prior TM visit and 110 (96%) reported a positive experience. There were 64 (24%) with a positive attitude toward future TM visits. Concerns include lack of cardiac testing and limited quality of visit. Patients with visits every 3–6 months (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.44; p < 0.01) and prior TM visit (OR 1.89; p = 0.03) had higher odds of a positive attitude toward future TM, whereas males had lower odds (OR 0.53; p = 0.04). Age, annual income, disease complexity, distance from clinic, and employment status were not associated. There is high rate of satisfaction with TM among ACHD patients but only one-quarter indicated interest in using TM in the future. Factors associated with interest in TM visits are identified, and together with patient feedback, can be used to understand potential role of TM for the ACHD population in the post-pandemic era.
Notch ratio in pulmonary flow predicts long-term survival after pulmonary endarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Beijk M. A. M. , Winkelman J. A. , Eckmann H. M. , Samson D. A. , Widyanti A. P. , Vleugels J. , Bombeld D. C. M. , Meijer C. G. C. M. , Bogaard H. J. , Noordegraaf A. Vonk , de Bruin-Bon H. A. C. M. , Bouma B. J.
Published: June 2024

Background

Assessment of the pattern of the RV outflow tract Doppler provides insights into the hemodynamics of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We studied whether pre-operative assessment of timing of the pulmonary flow systolic notch by Doppler echocardiography is associated with long-term survival after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) for CTEPH.

Methods

Fifty-nine out of 61 consecutive CETPH patients (mean age 53 ± 14 years, 34% male) whom underwent PEA between June 2002 and June 2005 were studied. Clinical, echocardiographic and hemodynamic variables were assessed pre-operatively and repeat echocardiography was performed 3 months after PEA. Notch ratio (NR) was assessed with pulsed Doppler and calculated as the time from onset of pulmonary flow until notch divided by the time from notch until end of pulmonary flow. Long-term follow-up was obtained between May 2021 and February 2022.

Results

Pre-operative mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was 45 ± 15 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was 646 ± 454 dynes.s.cm-5. Echocardiography before PEA showed that 7 patients had no notch, 33 had a NR < 1.0 and 19 had a NR > 1.0. Three months after PEA, echocardiography revealed a significant decrease in sPAP in long-term survivors with a NR < 1.0 and a NR > 1.0, while a significant increase in TAPSE/sPAP was only observed in the NR < 1.0 group. Mean long-term clinical follow-up was 14 ± 6 years. NR was significantly different between survivors and non-survivors (0.73 ± 0.25 vs. 1.1 ± 0.44, p < 0.001) but no significant differences were observed in mPAP or PVR. Long-term survival at 14 years was significantly better in patients with a NR < 1.0 compared to patients with a NR > 1.0 (83% vs. 37%, p =  < 0.001).

Conclusion

Pre-operative assessment of NR is a predictor of long-term survival in CTEPH patients undergoing PEA, with low mortality risk in patients with NR < 1.0. Long-term survivors with a NR < 1.0 and NR > 1.0 had a significant decrease in sPAP after PEA. However, the TAPSE/sPAP only significantly increased in the NR < 1.0 group. In the NR < 1.0 group, the 6-min walk test increased significantly between pre-operative and at 1-year post-operative follow-up. NR is a simple echocardiographic parameter that can be used in clinical decision-making for PEA.
Low anterior resection with transanal transection and single-stapled anastomosis: technical aspects and initial results
Authors: Vivas López Alfredo , Villar Oscar Garcia , Borda Javier Garcia , Restrepo Nuñez Rafael , Rubio Eduardo , Nevado Cristina , Pelaez Pablo , Labalde Martinez Maria , Alias David , Falcon Kleber , Lorenzo Sofia , Perea García José , Ferrero Eduardo
Published: June 2024

Background

Rectal cancer (RC) is a surgical challenge due to its technical complexity. The double-stapled (DS) technique, a standard for colorectal anastomosis, has been associated with notable drawbacks, including a high incidence of anastomotic leak (AL). Low anterior resection with transanal transection and single-stapled (TTSS) anastomosis has emerged to mitigate those drawbacks.

Methods

Observational study in which it described the technical aspects and results of the initial group of patients with medium-low RC undergoing elective laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) and TTSS.

Results

Twenty-two patients were included in the series. Favourable postoperative outcomes with a median length of stay of 5 days and an AL incidence of 9.1%. Importantly, all patients achieved complete mesorectal excision with tumour-free margins, and no mortalities were reported.

Conclusion

TTSS emerges as a promising alternative for patients with middle and lower rectal tumours, offering potential benefits in terms of morbidity reduction and oncological integrity compared with other techniques.
Two doses of fosaprepitant included prophylactic treatment for the three-day cisplatin-based chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting
Authors: Li Yanying , Wan Yuming , Yang Xiaoyun , Chen Ping , Gui Yan , He Lang , Xie Yingwei , Tian Jing , Duan Ping , Liu Guangguo , Sun Yu , Zhu Jiang
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists included prophylactic treatment was recommended for patients who receive one-day cisplatin chemotherapy. It is unclear whether the prolonged administration of fosaprepitant is effective for three-day cisplatin-based chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). We aim to explore the prophylactic antiemetic efficacy and safety of two doses of fosaprepitant included regimen in the patients receiving multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy.

Methods

This randomized, parallel-group, open-labelled study was conducted in nine hospitals between February 2021 and February 2023. Patients diagnosed as lung cancer and chemotherapy naive were screened. Eligible participants were scheduled to be treated with highly emetogenic chemotherapy regimen which including three days of cisplatin. Then they were randomly divided into the experimental group (two doses of fosaprepitant, Group 2DF) and the control group (one dose of fosaprepitant, Group C). The primary endpoints included the safety and the average none CINV days (NCDs). This study was registered on the website of chictr.org.cn, number ChiCTR2100042665.

Results

Overall, 204 participants were randomly assigned, and 198 patients were analyzed. No statistical difference in adverse events was found between the two groups. All treatment-related adverse effects for fosaprepitant observed were of grade 1–2. The average NCDs of Group 2DF was significantly more than Group C (18.21 ± 3.40 days vs 16.14 ± 5.20 days, P = 0.001). Furthermore, the better life function score was achieved in Group 2DF according to FLIE questionnaire.

Conclusion

The administration of two-dose fosaprepitant was safe and more effective than one dose in protecting patients from CINV induced by three-day cisplatin included chemotherapy.
Regularized mean curvature flow for invariant hypersurfaces in a Hilbert space and its application to gauge theory
Authors: Koike Naoyuki
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we investigate a regularized mean curvature flow starting from an invariant hypersurface in a Hilbert space equipped with an isometric and almost free action of a Hilbert Lie group whose orbits are minimal regularizable submanifolds. We prove that, if the initial invariant hypersurface satisfies a certain kind of horizontally convexity condition and some additional conditions, then it collapses to an orbit of the Hilbert Lie group action along the regularized mean curvature flow. In the final section, we state a vision for applying the study of the regularized mean curvature flow to the gauge theory.
Effect of flexible membrane in triaxial test on the mechanical behaviour of rockfill material using Discrete Element Method
Authors: Asadi Reza , Disfani Mahdi M. , Ghahreman-Nejad Behrooz , Ciantia Matteo O.
Published: June 2024

The investigation of rockfill materials poses challenges due to their large particle size, associated high cost, and long laboratory testing duration. As a result, empirical correlations based on historical experimental studies are commonly used to design and analyse rockfill structures. However, the extensive use of rockfill in a wide range of applications and limited understanding of its mechanical behaviour emphasize the need for further research. These make it necessary to develop a robust technique capable of capturing key parameters such as particle shape and breakage, allowing for the simulation and study of large-scale assemblies with realistic boundary conditions. Given that the behaviour of rockfill is highly scale-dependent, primarily due to particle breakage, the simplified laboratory tests on the scaled-down assemblies can be misleading. Particle breakage is a fundamental phenomenon in the mechanical behaviour of rockfill and significantly affects shear strength, deformability, and porosity under different stress levels. The particle breakage is influenced by factors such as the rockfill’s maximum particle size, mineralogy, particle shape, gradation, and confining stresses. This study adopts a computationally efficient breakage method called the Modified Particle Replacement Method (MPRM) based on the Discrete Element Method. A Tile-Based Flexible Membrane (TBFM) for triaxial test modelling has been developed by employing segmental rectangular walls to create a deformable membrane. The effects of critical parameters, including particle shape, confining stress, membrane resolution, degree of flexibility, and the characteristic strength of the particles, are examined. The findings of the combined MPRM-TBFM approach demonstrate the significant influence of membrane flexibility on volumetric-related behaviour.

Graphical Abstract
Effectiveness of laser pulsed irradiation for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
Authors: Sueoka Kentaro , Chikama Taiichiro , Shinji Koichiro , Kiuchi Yoshiaki
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to compare two types of light irradiation devices for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). A 660-nm light-emitting diode (LED) and a 665-nm laser diode (LD) were used for light irradiation, and 0.1 mg/L TONS 504, a cationic chlorin derivative, was used as the photosensitizer. We evaluated the light attenuation along the vertical and horizontal directions, temperature rise following light irradiation, and aPDT efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus under different conditions: TONS 504 only, light irradiation only, and TONS 504 with either LED (30 J/cm2) or LD light irradiation (continuous: 30 J/cm2; pulsed: 20 J/cm2 at 2/3 duty cycle, 10 J/cm2 at 1/3 duty cycle). Both LED and LD light intensities were inversely proportional to the square of the vertical distance from the irradiated area. Along the horizontal distance from the nadir of the light source, the LED light intensity attenuated according to the cosine quadrature law, while the LD light intensity did not attenuate within the measurable range. Following light irradiation, the temperature rise increased as the TONS 504 concentration increased in the order of pulsed LD < continuous LD < LED irradiation. aPDT with light irradiation only or TONS 504 only had no antimicrobial effect, while aPDT with TONS 504 under continuous or pulsed LD light irradiation provided approximately 3 log reduction at 30 J/cm2 and 20 J/cm2 and approximately 2 log reduction at 10 J/cm2. TONS 504-aPDT under pulsed LD light irradiation provided anti-microbial effect without significant temperature rise.
Prediction of Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm and Malignancy of Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm Using Multiparametric MRI
Authors: Song Bin , Zheng Tingting , Wang Hao , Tang Lang , Xie Xiaoli , Fu Qingyin , Liu Weiyan , Wu Pu-Yeh , Zeng Mengsu
Published: June 2024

The study aims to evaluate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for differentiating Follicular thyroid neoplasm (FTN) from non-FTN and malignant FTN (MFTN) from benign FTN (BFTN). We retrospectively analyzed 702 postoperatively confirmed thyroid nodules, and divided them into training (n = 482) and validation (n = 220) cohorts. The 133 FTNs were further split into BFTN (n = 116) and MFTN (n = 17) groups. Employing univariate and multivariate logistic regression, we identified independent predictors of FTN and MFTN, and subsequently develop a nomogram for FTN and a risk score system (RSS) for MFTN prediction. We assessed performance of nomogram through its discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. The diagnostic performance of the RSS for MFTN was further compared with the performance of the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS). The nomogram, integrating independent predictors, demonstrated robust discrimination and calibration in differentiating FTN from non-FTN in both training cohort (AUC = 0.947, Hosmer-Lemeshow P = 0.698) and validation cohort (AUC = 0.927, Hosmer-Lemeshow P = 0.088). Key risk factors for differentiating MFTN from BFTN included tumor size, restricted diffusion, and cystic degeneration. The AUC of the RSS for MFTN prediction was 0.902 (95% CI 0.798–0.971), outperforming five TIRADS with a sensitivity of 73.3%, specificity of 95.1%, accuracy of 92.4%, and positive and negative predictive values of 68.8% and 96.1%, respectively, at the optimal cutoff. MRI-based models demonstrate excellent diagnostic performance for preoperative predicting of FTN and MFTN, potentially guiding clinicians in optimizing therapeutic decision-making.
Neighbours under the North Star: Civil wars in Finland and Korea
Authors: Park-Kang Sungju
Published: June 2024

The article has two objectives. The first one is to advance the existing studies on civil wars by developing a comparative approach. It explores similarities and differences between the Finnish and Korean experiences. The broader objective of the article is to initiate a project to explore potential connections between the Nordic region and the Korean peninsula. There are various direct and indirect linkages between the Nordic countries and Korea. Finland had long been part of Sweden and then part of Russia. Finland achieved independence, but it was immediately overshadowed by the war. Korea had long been influenced heavily by China and then colonised by Japan. Independence brought sunshine on the peninsula, but it soon disappeared with the Korean War. Against this backdrop, the article investigates the civil wars in Finland and Korea. In order to go beyond the existing research, the article pays attention to popular culture (film) depicting the two wars. The article also sheds light on how Finland and Korea have tried to pave the way to reconciliation. If the war still divides Finland even after 100 years, the reconciliation process in Korea would be much more complex and difficult.
Feasibility of complex exercise therapy with Standing Ovation and peripheral neuromodulation for gait rehabilitation after incomplete spinal cord injury—a case report
Authors: Pataraia Anna , Mayr Winfried , Vargas Luna Jose Luis , Sternik Julia , Crevenna Richard
Published: June 2024

Background

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are a global concern, annually affecting hundreds of thousands of individuals. Among these cases, incomplete SCIs, allowing some muscle activity below the injury, pose unique challenges. This case study focuses on a 55-year-old male with a moderate incomplete SCI (AIS-D).

Case presentation

After initial treatments and pharmaceutical antispastic therapy, a novel intervention was introduced featuring the Standing Ovation gait exercise system (Standing Ovation GmbH, Hallwang, Austria). This individually tailored system, equipped with a rail system and seat-lifting unit, provided a secure environment for balance training. Over 14 training sessions spanning from October 13, 2021, to March 23, 2022, improvements in functional walking were observed.

Discussion and conclusion

Locomotor improvement in SCI rehabilitation is important; the potential of task-specific gait exercises with the Standing Ovation system in incomplete spinal cord injury seems to be a promising approach. Although promising, these findings call for further systematic studies with larger patient cohorts to strengthen their reliability. Ongoing research endeavors are essential to fully understand the benefits and limitations of this intervention in spinal cord injury rehabilitation.
Are work-related stress and positivity associated with health-related quality of life? Results of an observational study in a transport company in Italy
Authors: Manai Maria Vittoria , Colaprico Corrado , Ricci Eleonora , Fabbri Sabrina , Di Feo Graziano , Dorelli Barbara , Cocchiara Rosario Andrea , Faticoni Augusto , Sernia Sabina , De Sio Simone , La Torre Giuseppe
Published: June 2024

Aim

The job of a driver, particularly that of a public transportation driver, is a complex activity, requiring the mental and physical integrity of the operator. The presence of altered health status, fatigue related to prolonged driving, and all those conditions that interfere with the worker’s performance contribute to an increased risk of traffic accidents and occupational injuries. The aim of the study is to evaluate in an Italian transportation company how work-related stress and positivity affect the health-related quality of life of employees.

Subject and methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2019 to January 2020. Participants filled out a questionnaire divided into four sections (registry and socio-demographic, Karasek’s Job Content Questionnaire, Short Form 12 Survey, Positivity Scale) that aimed to gather information on work stress factors and health-related quality of life and positivity.

Results

Two hundred eight individuals responded to the questionnaire, including drivers and company staff. Significant differences were observed for the PCS dependent variable: in married participants (p = 0.026), in participants with children (p = 0.002) in the univariate analysis, and bivariate with the MCS variable (p = 0.001). Significant differences were observed for the MCS dependent variable only in the bivariate analysis: PCS (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

In this transport company, there was a high level of health-related work well-being in each of the activities carried out within it, since positivity was strongly associated with both physical and mental factors and given the homogeneity of the job demand and decision latitude.
Enhanced adaptive-convergence in Harris’ hawks optimization algorithm
Authors: Mao Mingxuan , Gui Diyu
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a novel enhanced adaptive-convergence in Harris’ hawks optimization algorithm (EAHHO). In EAHHO, considering that Harris’ hawks will adopt different perching strategies and chasing styles according to the value of the escaping energy parameter E, nonlinear adaptive-convergence factor a is designed and adjusted to enhance the convergence and robustness of the algorithm. Moreover, the convergence and stability of EAHHO are proved mathematically by using the Markov chain theory and Lyapunov stability theory respectively. Moreover, numerical simulation results of 14 HHOs with different nonlinear convergence factors on 23 benchmark functions show that the nonlinear convergence factor of EAHHO is applicable to challenging problems with unknown search spaces, and the comparisons with the selected well-established algorithms on 56 test functions demonstrate that EAHHO performs competitively and effectively. Finally, the experiment results show that EAHHO algorithm also has a good performance to solve the optimization problems with relatively high dimensions and graph size of Internet of Vehicles routing problem.
A vertical track nonlinear energy sink
Authors: Li Meng , Ding Hu
Published: June 2024

Eliminating the effects of gravity and designing nonlinear energy sinks (NESs) that suppress vibration in the vertical direction is a challenging task with numerous damping requirements. In this paper, the dynamic design of a vertical track nonlinear energy sink (VTNES) with zero linear stiffness in the vertical direction is proposed and realized for the first time. The motion differential equations of the VTNES coupled with a linear oscillator (LO) are established. With the strong nonlinearity considered of the VTNES, the steady-state response of the system is analyzed with the harmonic balance method (HBM), and the accuracy of the HBM is verified numerically. On this basis, the VTNES prototype is manufactured, and its nonlinear stiffness is identified. The damping effect and dynamic characteristics of the VTNES are studied theoretically and experimentally. The results show that the VTNES has better damping effects when strong modulation responses (SMRs) occur. Moreover, even for small-amplitude vibration, the VTNES also has a good vibration suppression effect. To sum up, in order to suppress the vertical vibration, an NES is designed and developed, which can suppress the vertical vibration within certain ranges of the resonance frequency and the vibration intensity.
Factors Associated with Prospective Acceptability and Preferences for Unified Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments and Group Therapy in the Portuguese General Population
Authors: Pedro Liliana Maria Rodrigues , de Oliveira Michael Fonseca , Pereira Marco Daniel , da Fonseca Ana Dias , Canavarro Maria Cristina
Published: June 2024

Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) offers a promising solution for limited mental health access in Portugal. Understanding barriers to patient adherence is crucial for successful implementation. This study aimed to characterize the prospective acceptability and preferences for unified transdiagnostic CBT and group therapy in the Portuguese general population and explore their correlates. A sample of 243 participants (18–88 years old), recruited online, completed an online survey collecting information on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, acceptability of transdiagnostic CBT treatments, specifically of Unified Protocol (UP), acceptability of group therapy, therapeutic format preferences, beliefs about group therapy and help-seeking attitudes. Most participants were receptive to and perceived as useful both unified transdiagnostic CBT and group therapy. Overall, participants presented significantly more favorable attitudes than unfavorable attitudes toward unified transdiagnostic CBT and group therapy (p < .001). Multivariate analyses revealed that (1) favorable attitudes toward transdiagnostic treatments were negatively associated with being employed and positively associated with living in an urban area, and higher efficacy scores; (2) unfavorable attitudes toward transdiagnostic treatments were positively associated with being married/cohabitating and negatively associated with vulnerability scores; (3) being female, living in an urban area, and higher efficacy and myth scores emerged as positive predictors of favorable attitudes toward group therapy; and (4) efficacy and vulnerability scores and help-seeking propensity emerged as negative predictors of unfavorable attitudes toward group therapy. These findings highlight the importance of delineating strategies to increase knowledge and acceptance of unified transdiagnostic CBT and group therapy in the Portuguese population, addressing specific individual characteristics.
On the effect of the sun on Kordylewski clouds
Authors: Gimeno Joan , Jorba Àngel , Jorba-Cuscó Marc , Nicolás Begoña
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we focus on the existence of dust clouds moving near the triangular points of the Earth–Moon system, the so-called Kordylewski clouds. The study is based on using some simplified planar models to find possible locations for these clouds. The validity of these predictions is tested by means of numerical simulations on a realistic model. The simplified models are based on the Earth–Moon restricted three-body problem plus the direct gravitational effect of the Sun on the particles (this is the so-called bicircular model), the solar radiation pressure and the Poynting–Robertson effect. The analysis of these models shows that there are some stability regions in the Earth–Moon plane, at some distance of the triangular points. The stability of these regions has been tested numerically in realistic (nonplanar) models. The results show that particles in these regions persist for some time (about a century), but it is very remarkable that many of these particles also escape the Earth–Moon system. If we perform backwards in time numerical simulations we obtain a similar result: particles also escape the Earth–Moon system after a similar time. From this point of view, the clouds are not a stable region in the classical sense of the term, but a region with “slow diffusion” where interplanetary particles stay for some years.
A first-in-human phase I trial of daily oral zelenirstat, a N-myristoyltransferase inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors and relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Sangha Randeep , Jamal Rahima , Spratlin Jennifer , Kuruvilla John , Sehn Laurie H. , Beauchamp Erwan , Weickert Michael , Berthiaume Luc G. , Mackey John R.
Published: June 2024

Myristoylation, the N-terminal addition of the fatty acid myristate to proteins, regulates membrane-bound signal transduction pathways important in cancer cell biology. This modification is catalyzed by two N-myristoyltransferases, NMT1 and NMT2. Zelenirstat is a first-in-class potent oral small molecule inhibitor of both NMT1 and NMT2 proteins. Patients with advanced solid tumors and relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell lymphomas were enrolled in an open label, phase I dose escalation trial of oral daily zelenirstat, administered in 28-day cycles until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The endpoints were to evaluate dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) to establish a maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetic parameters, and anticancer activity. Twenty-nine patients were enrolled (25 advanced solid tumor; 4 R/R B-cell lymphoma) and 24 were DLT-evaluable. Dosing ranged from 20 mg once daily (OD) to 210 mg OD without DLT, but gastrointestinal DLTS were seen in the 280 mg cohort. MTD and recommended phase 2 dose were 210 mg OD. Common adverse events were predominantly Gr ≤ 2 nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue. Plasma concentrations peaked at 2 h with terminal half-lives averaging 10 h. Steady state was achieved by day 15, and higher doses achieved trough concentrations predicted to be therapeutic. Stable disease as best response was seen in eight (28%) patients. Progression-free survival and overall survival were significantly better in patients receiving 210 mg OD compared to those receiving lower doses. Zelenirstat is well-tolerated, achieves plasma exposures expected for efficacy, and shows early signs of anticancer activity. Further clinical development of zelenirstat is warranted.
An evaluation of fish and invertebrate mercury concentrations in the Caribbean Region
Authors: Christian Linroy D. , Burton Mark E. H. , Mohammed Azad , Nelson Wendy , Shah Tahlia Ali , Bertide-Josiah Laël , Yurek Helen G. , Evers David C.
Published: June 2024

Mercury is a ubiquitous pollutant of global concern but the threat of exposure is not homogenously distributed at local, regional, or global scales. The primary route of human exposure to mercury is through consumption of aquatic foods, which are culturally and economically important in the wider Caribbean Region, especially for Small Island Developing States (SIDS). We compiled more than 1600 samples of 108 unique species of fish and aquatic invertebrates collected between 2005 and 2023 from eleven countries or territories in the wider Caribbean Region. There was wide variability in total mercury concentrations with 55% of samples below the 0.23 µg/g wet weight (ww) guideline from the U.S. FDA/EPA (2022) for 2 or 3 weekly servings and 26% exceeding the 0.46 µg/g ww guideline consistent with adverse effects on human health from continual consumption, particularly for sensitive populations. Significant relationships were found between total mercury concentrations and taxonomic family, sampling country, fish length, and trophic level. The data analyzed here support the need for further sampling with concrete geospatial data to better understand patterns and mechanisms in mercury concentrations and allow for more informed decision making on the consumption of fish and invertebrates from the wider Caribbean Region as well as supporting efforts to evaluate the effectiveness of national, regional, and international mercury policies.
Placebo or Assistant? Generative AI Between Externalization and Anthropomorphization
Authors: Skulmowski Alexander
Published: June 2024

Generative AIs have been embraced by learners wishing to offload (parts of) complex tasks. However, recent research suggests that AI users are at risk of failing to correctly monitor the extent of their own contribution when being assisted by an AI. This difficulty in keeping track of the division of labor has been shown to result in placebo and ghostwriter effects. In case of the AI-based placebo effect, users overestimate their ability while or after being assisted by an AI. The ghostwriter effect occurs when AI users do not disclose their AI use despite being aware of the contribution made by an AI. These two troubling effects are discussed in the context of the conflict between cognitive externalization and anthropomorphization. While people tend to offload cognitive load into their environment, they also often perceive technology as human-like. However, despite the natural conversations that can be had with current AIs, the desire to attribute human-like qualities that would require the acknowledgment of AI contributions appears to be lacking. Implications and suggestions on how to improve AI use, for example, by employing embodied AI agents, are discussed.
Safety and Pluralism in Mathematics
Authors: Smith James Andrew
Published: June 2024

A belief one has is safe if either (i) it could not easily be false or (ii) in any nearby world in which it is false, it is not formed using the method one uses to form one’s actual belief. It seems our mathematical beliefs are safe if mathematical pluralism is true: if, loosely put, almost any consistent mathematical theory is true. It seems, after all, that in any nearby world where one’s mathematical beliefs differ from one’s actual beliefs, one would believe some other true, consistent theory. Focusing on Justin Clarke-Doane’s recent discussion, I argue the thesis that mathematical beliefs are safe given pluralism faces some obstacles. I argue (i) is true of mathematical belief given pluralism only if we deny plausible claims about the interpretation of non-pluralists who many of us could easily be. Unless strong metasemantic theses are true, it is plausible many of us could easily deny or refuse to believe a consistent and true mathematical theory we actually believe. Since philosophical arguments and controversies permeate the methodology of foundational mathematics, I argue we cannot confidently distinguish the methods we use in mathematics between worlds, thus raising doubts about (ii).
Engineering the trust machine. Aligning the concept of trust in the context of blockchain applications
Authors: Pöll Eva
Published: June 2024

Complex technology has become an essential aspect of everyday life. We rely on technology as part of basic infrastructure and repeatedly for tasks throughout the day. Yet, in many cases the relation surpasses mere reliance and evolves to trust in technology. A new, disruptive technology is blockchain. It claims to introduce trustless relationships among its users, aiming to eliminate the need for trust altogether—even being described as “the trust machine”. This paper presents a proposal to adjust the concept of trust in blockchain applications with the tools provided by conceptual engineering. Its goal is to propose a concept of trust, that offers more than a halo term, devoid of the normative depth that the original, philosophical term actually carries. To evaluate possible concepts of trust in blockchain applications, five criteria are proposed: These criteria ensure that the conceptual relation indeed embodies trust, thereby being richer than mere reliance, and that the chosen concept highlights the active role of the trustor. While the concepts of trust in engineers and trust in algorithms have to be discarded, institutional trust emerges as a viable candidate, given some refinements. Ultimately, the concept of trust by normative expectations and attribution is suggested to capture the essence of trust in blockchain applications.
Impacts of Industrialization on Foraging in Peri-Urban Areas. Insights from Padua, NE Italy
Authors: Souviney Micol Masiero , Mattalia Giulia , Pieroni Andrea
Published: June 2024

Western European societies, ecologies, and economies were significantly impacted by industrialization after WWII. Steadily increasing urbanization and the abandonment of traditional agricultural activities led to a rapid erosion of local environmental knowledge (LEK). We conducted 40 semi-structured interviews in Padua, one of the most industrialized areas of Italy, to identify changes and drivers of change in plant foraging. We documented the use of 56 plant, fungal, and animal taxa, including the most foraged Humulus lupulus, Silene vulgaris, and Papaver rhoeas. These are mainly prepared in risottos, frittatas, and boiled mixtures. During their lifetime, 68% of the interviewees redirected their foraging area, 25% completely abandoned their foraging practice, and 7% abandoned foraging but resumed it after retirement. Changes in the foraging area and foraging abandonment were mainly driven by increased pollution and lack of land accessibility, as well as partially related lifestyle changes and (micro)climate change. In the face of such changes and with the aim of re-establishing the connection between peri-urban communities and their land, some local committees are struggling to take back the unused spaces of the industrial area and prevent future loss of land accessibility and consequent loss of LEK.
Towards Reliable Identification and Tracking of Drones Within a Swarm
Authors: Kumari Nisha , Lee Kevin , Barca Jan Carlo , Ranaweera Chathurika
Published: June 2024

Drone swarms consist of multiple drones that can achieve tasks that individual drones can not, such as search and recovery or surveillance over a large area. A swarm’s internal structure typically consists of multiple drones operating autonomously. Reliable detection and tracking of swarms and individual drones allow a greater understanding of the behaviour and movement of a swarm. Increased understanding of drone behaviour allows better coordination, collision avoidance, and performance monitoring of individual drones in the swarm. The research presented in this paper proposes a deep learning-based approach for reliable detection and tracking of individual drones within a swarm using stereo-vision cameras in real time. The motivation behind this research is in the need to gain a deeper understanding of swarm dynamics, enabling improved coordination, collision avoidance, and performance monitoring of individual drones within a swarm. The proposed solution provides a precise tracking system and considers the highly dense and dynamic behaviour of drones. The approach is evaluated in both sparse and dense networks in a variety of configurations. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed solution have been analysed by implementing a series of comparative experiments that demonstrate reasonable accuracy in detecting and tracking drones within a swarm.
Block copolymer-mediated synthesis of TiO2/RuO2 nanocomposite for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: KC Binod Raj , Kumar Dhananjay , Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad
Published: June 2024

An amphiphilic block copolymer, poly (styrene-2-polyvinyl pyridine-ethylene oxide), was used as a structure-directing and stabilizing agent to synthesize TiO2/RuO2 nanocomposite. The strong interaction of polymers with metal precursors led to formation of a porous heterointerface of TiO2/RuO2. It acted as a bridge for electron transport, which can accelerate the water splitting reaction. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis of TiO2/RuO2 samples revealed successful fabrication of TiO2/RuO2 nanocomposites. The TiO2/RuO2 nanocomposites were used to measure electrochemical water splitting in three-electrode systems in 0.1-M KOH. Electrochemical activities unveil that TiO2/RuO2-150 nanocomposites displayed superior oxygen evolution reaction activity, having a low overpotential of 260 mV with a Tafel slope of 80 mVdec−1.

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