bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tetrahedra Modification of Phosphates for Optical Anisotropy Enhancement
Authors: Qiu Haotian , An Ran , Li Junjie , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie , Mutailipu Miriding
Published: August 2024

As an exceptional optical gene, the [PO4] tetrahedron is indispensable in the field of optical crystals due to its gain in the band gap of solid materials. However, the high symmetry of [PO4] tetrahedron hinders the achievement of large optical anisotropy in the lattice for phosphate crystal forms. In this work, the heteroleptic tetrahedra strategy, which involves replacing some of the oxygen atoms on regular oxy‐tetrahedra, is proven to be a feasible approach for preserving the wide transmission of the original [PO4] tetrahedra and improving the polarizability anisotropy. Based on this, eight methylphosphates are designed and synthesized for the phosphate system by substituting a [CH3] group for the O atom on the [PO4] tetrahedra. Theoretically, as compared to [PO4] units, [CH3PO3] and [CH3PO3H] units can improve the polarizability anisotropy, particularly [CH3PO3H] units, which have the potential to be birefringence‐active. The strong birefringence (exp. 0.108@546.1 nm) and short deep‐UV cutoff edge (195 nm) of nonmetallic methylphosphates [C(NH2)3][CH3PO3H] in the series suggest that it may be a possible short‐wave UV birefringent crystal. In addition to providing new birefringence‐active units for optical material design, this study validates the viability of modifying tetrahedra to improve inherent short board of nearly rigid [PO4] tetrahedra in phosphate family.
Retina‐Like Neuromorphic Visual Sensor for Sensing Broad‐Spectrum Ultraviolet Light
Authors: Xi Zhaoying , Liu Maosheng , Zhang Jia‐Han , Zhang Shaohui , Li Lei , Li Shan , Jiang Mingming , Tang Weihua , Liu Zeng
Published: August 2024

The rapidly developing Artificial Intelligence era has an increasing demand for high‐performance organ‐on‐a‐chip systems, especially the vision system, which is the most essential perceptual system for human beings. However, traditional artificial vision systems require multiple functional components, which are not favorable for integration. Neuromorphic visual sensors (NVSs) inspired by the human retina combine visual sensing and multiple preprocessing functions. However, most NVSs require complex structures to achieve both photo sensing and memory, and are difficult to be large‐scale fabricated. Here, a novel In2O3‐Ga2O3 (InGaO) thin‐film‐based NVS with both high photosensitivity and superior photomemory performance is proposed, which can avoid the complex multilayer structure. The device possesses high accuracy optical communication and multiple retina‐like functions. Notably, this InGaO NVS achieves sensing of most UV light, and it has been experimentally confirmed to have excellent photoelectric synaptic performance under both 254 nm and 365 nm UV illumination. This work provides a feasible strategy to assist the human eye in sensing invisible UV light.
Cellular Uptake of Phase‐Separating Peptide Coacervates
Authors: Shebanova Anastasia , Perrin Quentin Moana , Zhu Kexin , Gudlur Sushanth , Chen Zilin , Sun Yue , Huang Congxi , Lim Zhi Wei , Mondarte Evan Angelo , Sun Ruoxuan , Lim Sierin , Yu Jing , Miao Yansong , Parikh Atul N. , Ludwig Alexander , Miserez Ali
Published: August 2024

Peptide coacervates self‐assembling via liquid‐liquid phase separation are appealing intracellular delivery vehicles of macromolecular therapeutics (proteins, DNA, mRNA) owing to their non‐cytotoxicity, high encapsulation capacity, and efficient cellular uptake. However, the mechanisms by which these viscoelastic droplets cross the cellular membranes remain unknown. Here, using multimodal imaging, data analytics, and biochemical inhibition assays, we identify the key steps by which droplets enter the cell. We find that the uptake follows a non‐canonical pathway and instead integrates essential features of macropinocytosis and phagocytosis, namely active remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and appearance of filopodia‐like protrusions. Experiments using giant unilamellar vesicles show that the coacervates attach to the bounding membrane in a charge‐ and cholesterol‐dependent manner but do not breach the lipid bilayer barrier. Cell uptake in the presence of small molecule inhibitors – interfering with actin and tubulin polymerization – confirm the active role of cytoskeleton remodeling, most prominently evident in electron microscopy imaging. These findings suggest a peculiar internalization mechanism for viscoelastic, glassy coacervate droplets combining features of non‐specific uptake of fluids by macropinocytosis and particulate uptake of phagocytosis. The broad implications of this study will enable to enhance the efficacy and utility of coacervate‐based strategies for intracellular delivery of macromolecular therapeutics.
FOXO1‐NCOA4 Axis Contributes to Cisplatin‐Induced Cochlea Spiral Ganglion Neuron Ferroptosis via Ferritinophagy
Authors: Wang Xue , Xu Lei , Meng Yu , Chen Fang , Zhuang Jinzhu , Wang Man , An Weibin , Han Yuechen , Chu Bo , Chai Renjie , Liu Wenwen , Wang Haibo
Published: August 2024

Mammalian cochlea spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are crucial for sound transmission, they can be damaged by chemotherapy drug cisplatin and lead to irreversible sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), while such damage can also render cochlear implants ineffective. However, the mechanisms underlying cisplatin‐induced SGNs damage and subsequent SNHL are still under debate and there is no currently effective clinical treatment. Here, this study demonstrates that ferroptosis is triggered in SGNs following exposure to cisplatin. Inhibiting ferroptosis protects against cisplatin‐induced SGNs damage and hearing loss, while inducing ferroptosis intensifies these effects. Furthermore, cisplatin prompts nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)‐mediated ferritinophagy in SGNs, while knocking down NCOA4 mitigates cisplatin‐induced ferroptosis and hearing loss. Notably, the upstream regulator of NCOA4 is identified and transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) is shown to directly suppress NCOA4 expression in SGNs. The knocking down of FOXO1 amplifies NCOA4‐mediated ferritinophagy, increases ferroptosis and lipid peroxidation, while disrupting the interaction between FOXO1 and NCOA4 in NCOA4 knock out mice prevents the cisplatin‐induced SGN ferroptosis and hearing loss. Collectively, this study highlights the critical role of the FOXO1‐NCOA4 axis in regulating ferritinophagy and ferroptosis in cisplatin‐induced SGNs damage, offering promising therapeutic targets for SNHL mitigation.
Enhancing Stability and Safety of Commercial Solid‐State Lithium Batteries Through Ternary Eutectic Solvents for Solid‐State Electrolyte Interface Modification
Authors: Zhou Kaixuan , Dai Xinke , Zhang Long , Liu Hongtao , Li Tong , Zhang Xiaoming , Wen Jiawei , Huang Guoyong , Xu Shengming
Published: August 2024

Solid‐state polymerized electrolytes exhibit advantageous properties, making them optimal candidates for next‐gen commercial solid‐state batteries. However, these electrolytes present significant challenges in terms of long‐term cycling stability, energy density, and safety. In this study, a ternary eutectic solid electrolyte (TESE) is prepared by combining deep eutectic solvents (DESs), polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐HFP), and fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC). TESE also facilitates uniform lithium deposition, interfacial stability, and long‐cycle stability. N‐Methylacetamide in DESs preferentially occupies the lithium dissolution sheath, which in turn initiates a concentration gradient‐driven decomposition of FEC and stimulates the generation of inorganic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers. The lithium metal and graphite soft pack full batteries are successfully assembled, demonstrating that Li/P‐0.8‐FEC/LFP exhibits excellent long‐cycle performance, with a capacity of 139.9 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 C 25 °C, accompanied by 97.8 % capacity retention. Furthermore, the Gr/P‐0.8‐FEC/LFP commercial solid‐state flexible pack full cell exhibits stable cycling performance at a high rate of 1 C. Moreover, the device exhibits remarkable safety in a series of rigorous safety tests, including 100 repeated bendings, pinning, 7100 N force extrusion, and cutting. The study results demonstrate that the electrolyte exhibits excellent cycling performance and safety characteristics, indicating significant potential for commercialization.
Unveiling the Crucial Role of Dissolved Fe2+ on the Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Long‐life LiFePO4/Graphite Batteries
Authors: Tang Shijun , Liang Yuli , Peng Yufan , Hu Yonggang , Liao Yiqing , Yang Xuerui , Zhang Huiyan , Lin Ying , Zhang Ke , Liang Jinding , Li Bowen , Zhao Guangjin , Wei Yimin , Gong Zhengliang , Yang Yong
Published: August 2024

The dissolution of iron from the cathode significantly contributes to the accelerated degradation of LiFePO4/Graphite batteries, particularly at elevated temperatures. However, a systematic understanding of the spatial distribution and impact of Fe ions on the dynamic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is lacking. In this study, a comprehensive and quantitative investigation is conducted into the effects of transition metals (TM) and thoroughly examined the interaction between dissolved Fe2+ and SEI in long‐life LiFePO4/Graphite pouch cells. The dissolved Fe in the electrolyte is more prone to deposition at the negative electrode at elevated temperatures, leading to an accelerated loss of active lithium. Additionally, Fe deposition on the SEI catalyzes the decomposition of EC and contributes to an increase in organic components, particularly lithium alkyl carbonates within the SEI, as evidenced by mass spectrometry titration (MST) analysis. Neutron imaging (NI) provides more insights into the impacts of dissolved Fe2+ on active lithium loss, SEI components, and electrolyte decomposition, resulting in greater macroscopic heterogeneity in the electrode regions of the cells. This research sheds light on the mechanisms underlying the degradation of LiFePO4/Graphite batteries and provides valuable insights for the development of strategies to mitigate capacity fade and enhance battery performance and longevity.
Surface Anticorrosion Engineering by Polyphosphate Oxyanions for Durable Seawater Oxidation
Authors: Wang Xunlu , Hu Huashuai , Song Junnan , Ma Junqing , Du Hanxiao , Wang Jiacheng Jayden , Wang Min , Chen Wei , Zhou Yin , Wang Jiacheng , Yang Minghui , Zhang Lingxia
Published: August 2024

Electrolysis of seawater represents great potentials for sustainable hydrogen production. However, both competitive Cl− adsorption and catalysts corrosion caused by chlorine oxidation reaction (ClOR) are major challenges in seawater electrolysis. Inspired by the concept of hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB), polyphosphate oxyanions (P3O105−) on Ni(OH)2 surface is coordinated to obtain harder acid Ni sites, which could obtain 160 times stability enhancement compared to pure Ni(OH)2 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline seawater at 800 mA cm−2. Also, the turnover frequency value on Ni(OH)2‐P3O105− is 50 times that on Ni(OH)2, implying higher intrinsic OER activity of Ni(OH)2‐P3O105−. Theoretical and experimental investigations show that P3O105− could facilitate transition of Ni3+ to harder acid Ni>3+, thus preferring adsorption of hard base OH− rather than soft base Cl−. This could enhance OER selectivity and inhibit undesirable ClOR. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the Cl− concentration near the electrode could be reduced by nearly half due to electrostatic repulsion of Cl− by surface P3O105− oxyanions. When assembled into an electrolyzer for alkaline seawater splitting, it could operate at 2.2 V with large current up to 1.4 A for 240 h.
Effects of potassium application on growth, yield, and quality of dryland cotton
Authors: Kommineni Varshith , Bhandari Ammar B.
Published: August 2024

Potassium (K) deficiency reduces cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth, development, lint yield, and fiber quality. The study's objective was to compare the effects of K fertilizer rate on cotton plant height (CPH), yield, and fiber quality in three cotton cultivars. Three cotton cultivars studied were NG 5711 B3XF (C1), PHY 480 W3FE (C2), and FM 1953GLTP (C3). Granular K fertilizer was surface broadcast and incorporated 1 week before planting at 34, 50, and 67 kg ha−1. The CPH and canopy width were measured from 30 to 105 days after planting. The cotton CPH increased by 13%, 17%, and 12% in 2020 and by 6%, 4%, and 8% in 2021 with 34, 50, and 67 kg ha−1 K fertilizer rates compared to control. The K application increased cotton canopy width by 39% in 2021 compared to 2020. The K application at 50 kg ha−1 yielded significantly more cotton yield than the control in 2020. The cotton lint yield increased by 25%, 34%, and 9% in 2020 and by 4%, 17%, and 11% in 2021 with 34, 50, and 67 kg ha−1 K fertilizer application rates than control. The cotton fiber staple length and color grade increased significantly with the 50 kg ha−1 K application rate than the control in 2020. Cultivars significantly impacted Col‐Rd and Col‐b in 2020 and 2021. This study shows that fertilizer‐K application improves not only yield, but also staple length and color grade in rainfed cotton crops.
Facile and Metal‐Free Synthesis of Isoflavones Using α‐Aryl‐β,β‐Ditosyloxy Ketones
Authors: Bains Omkar , Kumar Ashish , Kamal Raj , Kumar Ravinder , Kumar Rajesh , Rom Tanmay , Kumar Paul Avijit
Published: August 2024

Considering the drawbacks associated with available synthetic methodologies of isoflavones, herein we have reported a metal‐free and eco‐friendly approach to these natural products. In the present study, we have carried out the synthesis of eight isoflavone derivatives 7a–7h using α‐aryl‐β,β‐ditosyloxy ketone protocol. Initially, we have protected the 2’‐hydroxy group of respective chalcone moiety in order to remove its interference under reaction conditions. The protected chalcones were then subjected to 1,2‐aryl migration by being treated with hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodobenzene (HTIB) reagent in a non‐nucleophilic solvent (CH2Cl2). This migration furnished the formation of α‐aryl‐β,β‐ditosyloxy ketones via C−C bond formation from their corresponding chalcones in moderate to good yields (55–82 %). The ambiguity regarding the exact molecular structure of the α‐aryl‐β,β‐ditosyloxy ketones was examined through the single crystal X‐ray diffraction data. At last, the synthesis of isoflavones was carried out in moderate to good yields (50–80 %) by performing the reaction of α‐aryl‐β,β‐ditosyloxy ketones with sodium hydroxide in aqueous methanol.
Research Progress of Femtosecond Laser‐Printed Perovskite Quantum Dots in Amorphous Glass
Authors: Xiao Han , Zeng Lingwei , Lei Lei , Chen Daqin
Published: August 2024

Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) have garnered increasing attention due to their extraordinary optoelectronic properties. In recent years, femtosecond (fs) laser direct writing shows to be an effective way of inducing localized crystallization of PeQDs inside glass matrix while remaining their structural stability and optical performance. This article reviews the research progress on fs laser irradiation‐induced nucleation/growth of PeQDs in glass and discusses the latest advancements in the use of the technology for optical data storage, micrometer‐scale light‐emitting diode (LED), information security protection, and other related fields. It offers novel insights and perspectives for exploring new functionality and device application of fs laser‐printed PeQDs glass composite structures.
Quantum Correlation Enhanced with Quantum Coherent Feedback Control in a Cavity‐magnon Hybrid System
Authors: Lin Yue‐Han , Lin Ya‐Qin , Lin Zhi‐Ying , Yang Rong‐Can , Liu Hong‐Yu
Published: August 2024

A scheme is proposed to enhance quantum correlation, including entanglement and steering, for two magnon modes in a cavity‐magnon hybrid system through coherent quantum feedback. The hybrid system consists of a microwave cavity and two YIG spheres, which incorporates a nonlinear flux‐driven Josephson parametric amplifier in order for the generation of two photons within the cavity simultaneously. A quantum coherent feedback loop is used for the reduction of effective dissipation. By modulating feedback parameters, optimal bipartite and tripartite entanglement, as well as quantum steering are derived. Importantly, compared with the same setup without coherent feedback, the proposed scheme significantly improves quantum correlation. Furthermore, by optimizing the feedback reflectivity and the ratio of cavity‐magnon coupling strength, the enhancement of asymmetric steering can be controlled. Notably, incorporating the feedback loop effectively increase its robustness against thermal noise, thus the scheme offer better prospect for experimental development. This study paves the way for advancements in quantum information processing and quantum entanglement within cavity‐magnonics.
Phenanthrene Appending Ruthenium Complexes: DNA Binding, Molecular Docking, TDDFT Calculation, and Photocytoxicity In Vitro
Authors: Liu Xue‐Wen , Ma Liang , He Geng‐Jun , Hu Xia , Chen Yuan‐Dao , Jin Jun‐Ling , Zhang Song‐Bai
Published: August 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been an effective tumor treatment to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy. Herein, we described the synthesis of two Ru (II) complexes by introducing a phenanthrene unit and their photocytotoxicity. Ru1 and Ru2 displayed high DNA affinities by intercalation. Under light, two complexes produced high singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yields and cleaved DNA efficiently. Both high DNA affinities and 1O2 quantum yields of two complexes resulted in obvious photocytotoxicity towards Hela, A549, and A375 cells. Furthermore, low dark cytotoxicity was also observed for two complexes, which may promote them to act as potential PDT agents. TDDFT (Time‐dependent density functional theory) calculations also demonstrated two complexes that might display the PDT activities via 1O2 photogeneration.
Comparative Study of High Voltage Spinel∥Lithium Titanate Lithium‐ion Batteries in Ethylene Carbonate Free Electrolytes
Authors: Stokes‐Rodriguez Killian , Jayasayee Kaushik , Hanetho Sidsel M. , Kvello Jannicke , P. Molesworth Peter , Dahl Øystein , Peter Wagner Nils
Published: August 2024

A persistent obstacle towards the realization of high voltage cathodes is electrolyte instability where oxidation and transition metal dissolution manifest in rapid capacity failure with both issues connected to the presence of ethylene carbonate in the electrolyte. Here, alternative electrolyte co‐solvents are investigated and compared, where the cyclic carbonate is replaced with sulfones ethyl methyl sulfone (EMS) and tetra methylene sulfone (TMS) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). The best full cell performance was observed for cells cycled in a FEC/EMC (3/7) and FEC/EMC (1/1) electrolytes which exhibited 84–85 % capacity retention after 500 cycles. TMS/EMC (3/7), was determined to be the best performing sulfone electrolyte and maintained 71 % capacity after 500 cycles. Post‐mortem XPS analysis indicated different film forming mechanisms for the respective co‐solvent. A thicker cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the LNMO was observed for the FEC containing electrolytes (relative to when TMS was used as the co‐solvent) indicating more effective passivation of the reactive cathode surface which correlated well with the enhanced cycling stability observed. For LTO, more evidence of transition metal migration and a thicker solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer was observed for the sulfone electrolyte suggesting more parasitic anode‐electrolyte interactions and an inability to mitigate Mn2+/Ni2+ crosstalk.
Molecular mechanisms of natural antifreeze phenomena and their application in cryopreservation
Authors: Shi Lingyu , Zang Chuanbao , Liu Zhicheng , Zhao Gang
Published: August 2024

Cryopreservation presents a critical challenge due to cryo‐damage, such as crystallization and osmotic imbalances that compromise the integrity of biological tissues and cells. In contrast, various organisms in nature exhibit remarkable freezing tolerance, leveraging complex molecular mechanisms to survive extreme cold. This review explores the adaptive strategies of freeze‐tolerant species, including the regulation of specific genes, proteins, and metabolic pathways, to enhance survival in low‐temperature environments. We then discuss recent advancements in cryopreservation technologies that aim to mimic these natural phenomena to preserve cellular and tissue integrity. Special focus is given to the roles of glucose metabolism, microRNA expression, and cryoprotective protein modulation in improving cryopreservation outcomes. The insights gained from studying natural antifreeze mechanisms offer promising directions for advancing cryopreservation techniques, with potential applications in medical, agricultural, and conservation fields. Future research should aim to further elucidate these molecular mechanisms to develop more effective and reliable cryopreservation methods.
Jurors’ perceptions of transgender victims of sexual assault: A literature review of empirical research and policy review of judicial instructions
Authors: Ribeiro Gianni , Nitschke Faye T.
Published: August 2024

Sexual assault affects many people of all gender identities, yet most cases do not result in conviction. This may be due to common, inaccurate misperceptions juries hold about how sexual assault is perpetrated and how victims respond to sexual assault. Research has examined misperceptions relating to cisgender victims, yet little is known about the unique misconceptions and stereotypes that may unfairly disadvantage transgender victims or whether courts are attempting to safeguard against them. This article presents a literature review of empirical research on (mock) jurors’ perceptions of transgender victims and a review of judicial instructions about gender identity. We find that empirical research is extremely limited with mixed findings, but many jurisdictions allow for judicial instructions warning jurors against prejudice based on gender identity. Further research is urgently needed to identify common misperceptions jurors may have that are specific to transgender victims to inform legal safeguards and improve justice outcomes.
Flecainide toxicity—Clinical diagnosis and management of an urgent condition
Authors: Bazoukis George , Efthymiou Polyxeni , Yiannikourides Andronicos , Khattab Elina , Dimitriades Varnavas , Tse Gary , Pavlou Marios , Georgiou Panagiota , Kapetis Lorentzos , Patestos Dimitrios , Tsielepis Michalis , Myrianthopoulos Kimon , Papasavvas Elias , Christophides Theodoros
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Clinical suspicion, clinical presentation, and electrocardiogram can help clinicians diagnose flecainide toxicity. Currently, there are no guidelines for the management of patients with flecainide toxicity. Sodium bicarbonate, lipid emulsion therapy, and extracorporeal life support have been used in this setting. Amiodarone and lidocaine can be used for the management of wide QRS complex tachycardias in hemodynamically stable patients with flecainide toxicity.
Stone heart syndrome: A curious case of digoxin toxicity and calcium infusion
Authors: Hussein Guleid , Krastev Peter , Mallari Arvin Junn P. , El Labban Mohamad , Yadav Sumeet , Hassan Mohamed , Warsame Mohamed , Zoesch Greta , Trnka John , Vojjala Nikhil , Jain Shika M. , Surani Salim , Khan Syed Anjum
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Stone heart syndrome has a complex interaction with digoxin toxicity, where, theoretically, the administration of intravenous calcium can worsen a patient's condition. Research on this subject is conflicting, so it is imperative to approach it cautiously.
Electroreduction of CO2 by Hybrid Cu‐TiO2/rGO Catalyst: Qualitative Detection of Products using Rotating Ring Disc Electrode
Authors: Koyejo Adefunke O. , Chu Xia , Kesavan Lokesh , Damlin Pia , Kvarnström Carita
Published: August 2024

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (ERCO2) to valuable chemicals such as acetic acid/acetate offers a promising route to revolutionize chemical production and enhance sustainability. Here, we report the hydrothermal preparation of an electrocatalyst consisting of copper/titanium dioxide/reduced graphene oxide (Cu‐TiO2/rGO) for ERCO2 in aqueous medium. The metal‐support (TiO2/rGO) was pre‐synthesized by combining an aqueous solution of TiO2 and GO in an autoclave at 150 °C for 20 h. Then TiO2/rGO was added to synthesized Cu colloid formed through the reduction of copper (II) nitrate trihydrate resulting in the formation of Cu‐TiO2/rGO. The Cu‐TiO2/rGO hybrid nanocomposite was fully characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. This study explored the versatility of the rotating ring‐disc electrode (RRDE) as an in situ electroanalytical tool for the selective detection of products formed during ERCO2. The well‐designed hybrid electrocatalyst, containing Cu0/Cu+ active sites, facilitated the eight‐electron transfer for acetic acid (AA) formation at low potentials. AA formation was detected on the RRDE and validated by conventional NMR and HPLC techniques. This work highlights and expands the scope of selective hydrogenation of CO2 towards value‐added products.
α‐Bi2Mo3O12: A Dual‐Functional Material for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting and Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Sujita P. , Swetha S. , Vadivel Sethumathavan
Published: August 2024

This study explores the functionality of α‐Bi2Mo3O12 (BMO) as an electrocatalyst for water splitting and its suitability for supercapacitor applications. BMO was synthesized by the solvothermal method and characterized in pre‐calcination [BMO (BC)], post‐calcination [BMO (AC)], and base‐etched forms [BMO (BE)]. Structural analysis confirmed the formation of α‐Bi2Mo3O12 with well‐defined crystallographic planes. Electrochemical analysis revealed that BMO (AC) exhibited the lowest overpotential for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) and BMO (BC) exhibited the lowest overpotential for oxygen evolution reactions (OER), indicating its superior electrocatalytic activity. The Tafel slope and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results confirmed the superior kinetics and charge transfer properties of BMO material. Furthermore, BMO samples demonstrated excellent stability during prolonged chronoamperometry (CA) testing for 12 h. For supercapacitor performances, the BMO (BE) exhibits a superior specific capacitance value of 398 F/g at 2.0 A/g. Thus, the BMO material delivers prominent electrocatalytic activity as well as supercapacitor performance. Overall, this study demonstrates the potentiality of α‐Bi2Mo3O12 in different forms as a dual‐functional material for efficient energy storage and conversion.
Peripheral Fusion of Carbon‐Based Aromatic Rings to B4N4‐Heteropentalene Leading to Close π‐Stacking in the Solid State
Authors: Kashida Junki , Shoji Yoshiaki , Taka Hideo , Ishiwari Fumitaka , Saeki Akinori , Fukushima Takanori
Published: August 2024

π‐Electronic molecules with a BN‐heterocyclic and carbon‐based aromatic hybrid ring system (h‐CBN) are interesting in that they potentially exhibit synergistic properties arising from the two different π‐systems. Here we report the synthesis and properties of a h‐CBN‐type molecule (1) having a bicyclic B4N4‐heteropentalene core fused with extended aromatic rings. This molecule exhibits excellent chemical stability despite the absence of bulky substituents for kinetic protection, which in turn provides effective stacking of the π‐system upon crystallization. Depending on the crystallization solvent, 1 forms two polymorphs, i. e., the α‐ and β‐phases. While both phases have one‐dimensional columnar structures, the π‐stacking geometries associated with the transfer integrals of the frontier orbitals are different, resulting in a twofold difference in the electrical conducting properties. We also found that upon thermal vacuum deposition, 1 gives an amorphous film, which serves as a host material for a red phosphorescent OLED device (maximum external quantum efficiency: 15.5 and 13.3 % at 0.1 and 2.5 mA, respectively).
Direct Synthesis for Benzofuro[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐2‐Amines via One‐Pot Cascade [4+2] Annulation/Aromatization between Benzofuran‐Derived Azadienes and Carbodiimide Anions
Authors: Wang Chuan‐Chuan , Wang Qing‐Long , Li Yi‐Hui , Ren Meng‐Ru , Hou Xue‐Hui , Ma Zhi‐Wei , Liu Xue‐Hua , Chen Ya‐Jing
Published: August 2024

The chemoselective [4+2] annulation/aromatization reactions between benzofuran‐derived azadienes and N−Ts cyanamides are developed, affording a convenient method for synthesizing benzofuro[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐2‐amines under mild conditions. Herein, N−Ts cyanamides participated in reactions selectively via carbodiimide anion intermediates and the corresponding cyanamide anion intermediates derived products were not observed. The proposed chemoselective stepwise reaction mechanism was well supported by DFT calculations.
International experience, growth opportunities, and repatriate job satisfaction
Authors: Roberts Michael , Muralidharan Etayankara , Cave Adam H.
Published: August 2024

Multinational Enterprises expect to retain repatriates (i.e., returning employees from international assignments) and to gain from the new knowledge and experience they bring back from international assignments. Drawing insights from social exchange theory and using the perspective of psychological contracts, our study findings demonstrate that repatriate perception of recognition of foreign experience influences their job satisfaction, and this influence is mediated by perceived growth opportunities in the organization. Further, this mediation is nuanced in that it is stronger when there is an organization repatriation plan in place. The study contributes to the theoretical underpinnings of the antecedents of repatriate job satisfaction. Moreover, it demonstrates the need to have a strong repatriation plan in place along with growth opportunities within the organization to heighten job satisfaction of these highly valued employees upon their return from an international assignment.
Usefulness of insights into the kinetic compensation effects in the kinetic analysis of the coal gasification process
Authors: Jena Manoj Kumar , Kumar Vineet , Vuthaluru Hari
Published: August 2024

In this paper, an attempt has been made to understand the kinetic compensation effects and their usefulness in the kinetic analysis of a lab‐based gasification study. The gasification experiment was carried out in two different gasifying environments, that is, 0.4%O₂ + 8%H₂O‐Ar and 8%H₂O‐Ar, for two different particle sizes of Loy Yang brown coal. Analysis of kinetic values with the change in particle size and gasifying environment was investigated. This provides information on the path of product gas formation and how the overall controlling factor affects the path of char gasification, including the rate‐limiting step. Furthermore, the results indicate that having multiple sets of kinetic parameters caused by the inclusion of the change in char properties into kinetics during solid–gas heterogeneous reactions opens up the scope for wider applications in chemical reaction engineering. This includes the design of a reactor with a proper kinetic model, optimization of feedstock, and process parameters with the identification of pathways for product gas formation, which ultimately plays a key role in scaling up technology from bench‐scale to plant‐scale. In contrast, the study of kinetics with having a single set of kinetic data based on the initial change in char properties limits its applications.
Hyperkouytones A—O, New Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum kouytchense with Multidrug Resistance Reversal Activity
Authors: Lou Hua‐Yong , Chen Mei‐Jun , Yi Ping , Jin Jun , Zeng Yan‐Rong , Gu Wei , Hu Zhan‐Xing , Yang Jue , Hao Xiao‐Jiang , Yuan Chun‐Mao
Published: August 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Given the lack of systematic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) research on traditional Chinese medicine of Hypericum kouytchense, this plant was applied for the phytochemical study, which led to fifteen new PPAPs (1—15, PPAPs), along with 36 known PPAP derivatives. Their structures and absolute configurations were established by comprehensive spectral analysis and theoretical ECD and NMR calculations. Structurally, compound 1 possesses a rare fused 6/6/6/5/5 pentacyclic ring system. Eleven compounds exhibited good multidrug resistance reversal activity (RF ranging from 5 to 53) in HepG2/ADR cells. Importantly, compound 34, the most potential MDR modulator, showed better reversal effect (RF: 53) than positive control, verapamil. The primary mechanistic study of compound 34, implied that this compound could prohibit the function of P‐gp transport rather than its expression. The possible recognition mechanism between compound 34 and P‐gp was predicted by molecular docking.
To secure an e‐commerce system using epidemic mathematical modeling with neural network
Authors: Yadav Kumar Sachin , Keshri Ajit Kumar
Published: August 2024

Securing an e‐commerce system using epidemic mathematical modeling with neural networks involves adapting epidemiological principles to combat the spread of misinformation. Just like how epidemiologists track the spread of diseases through populations, we can track the dissemination of fake news through online platforms. By modeling how fake news spreads, we gain insights into its propagation patterns, enabling us to develop more effective countermeasures. Neural networks, with their ability to learn from data, play a crucial role in this process by analyzing vast amounts of information to identify and mitigate the impact of fake news. One potential disadvantage of using epidemic mathematical modeling with neural networks to secure e‐commerce systems is the complexity of the approach. The epidemic‐based recurrent long short‐term memory (E‐RLSTM) technique addresses the complexity and evolving nature of fake news propagation by leveraging the strengths of recurrent neural networks (RNNs), specifically long short‐term memory (LSTM) units, within an epidemic modeling framework. One advantage of using epidemic mathematical modeling with neural networks to secure e‐commerce systems is its proactive nature. One significant finding in employing this approach is the ability to uncover hidden connections and correlations within the data. E‐RLSTM stands out by capturing temporal dynamics and integrating epidemic parameters into its LSTM architecture, ensuring robustness and adaptability in detecting and combating fake news within e‐commerce systems, outperforming other techniques in accuracy and performance. Description of the NSL‐KDD dataset offers easy access to a valuable repository for benchmarking cyber security. Contained within are more than 120,000 authentic samples of cyber‐attacks across 41 distinct categories, providing an excellent environment for testing intrusion detection systems.
The Role of Therapists' Attachment and Introject in Their Treatment Process and Outcome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Horne Sarah J. , Liu Siyu , Aafjes‐van Doorn Katie
Published: August 2024

Previous reviews have examined empirical evidence of the relationship between therapists' internalized relational models, including therapists' attachment styles and Sullivan's notion of introject, and the therapeutic relationship. This review expands upon previous reviews by examining the effect of therapists' internalized relational models on the treatment process (e.g., therapeutic alliance and countertransference) and treatment outcomes (e.g., symptoms and functioning) more broadly. Our systematic search identified 42 empirical studies measuring therapist's internalized relational models, defined as therapist attachment style (i.e., the way the therapist relates to others) and/or introject (i.e., the way the therapist relates to themselves), in relation to therapy process and outcome, including 35 studies on attachment, nine studies on introject and two that examined both constructs. A rigorous quality assessment was conducted; two studies were rated as ‘moderate’, and 40 were rated as ‘weak’ in quality. Based on the study findings, it appears that more securely attached therapists may have stronger working alliances and more positive therapeutic processes with their patients. Contrary to expectations, therapist attachment security does not appear to impact treatment outcomes. Therapists who relate to themselves in a more affirming way may have stronger working alliances and better treatment outcomes, but very few studies have addressed this question thus far. More rigorous research, especially on the effect of therapists' introject, is needed. Therapists may consider the potential impact of their internalized relational models on the working alliance and other treatment processes that influence therapeutic outcomes.
The Role of Terminal Fluorination on Energy Inversion in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ren Yue , Sui Ming‐Yue , Xie Jiahao , Cheng Lei , Li Ming‐Yang , Sun Guang‐Yan , Liu Jing‐Yao , Su Zhong‐Min
Published: August 2024

Suppressing non‐radiative energy loss (ΔE3) mediated by the triplet charge transfer state is crucial for high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, we decode the energy inversion through multi‐scale theoretical simulations, which inhibit the formation of non‐emissive triplet (T1) state. However, it is mystified by the system dependence. We first demonstrate a direct relationship of “the probability of Face‐on orientation (PFace‐on) is proportional to the probability of energy inversion (PEI)”, which is related to the function of terminal fluorination. Through Pearson′s correlation coefficient and machine learning model, the useful stacking structural parameters were obtained to clarify the effect of π‐bridge group on the function of terminal fluorination. Based on the molecular descriptors established, we explain that the fluorination effect is beneficial to Face‐on orientation and thus energy inversion due to the enhanced intermolecular coupling. But the π‐bridge inhibits this coupling with the interfacial stacking configuration appearing more “TT_IC”. This work provides a directional standard for promoting energy inversion to reduce ΔE3 for the high‐performance OSCs.
Rational Design and Facile Preparation of Palladium‐Based Electrocatalysts for Small Molecules Oxidation
Authors: Wu Chenshuo , Zhang Yingmeng , Yang Hui Ying
Published: August 2024

Direct liquid fuel cells (DLFCs) can convert the chemical energy of small organic molecules directly into electrical energy, which is a promising technique and always calls for electrocatalysts with high activity, stability and selectivity. Palladium (Pd)‐based catalysts for DLFCs have been widely studied with the pursuit of ultra‐high performance, however, most of the preparation routes require complex agents, multi‐operation steps, even extreme experimental conditions, which are high‐cost, energy‐consuming, and not conducive to the scalable and sustainable production of catalysts. In this review, the recent progresses on not only the rational design strategies, but also the facile preparation methods of Pd‐based electrocatalysts for small molecules oxidation reaction (SMOR) are comprehensively summarized. Based on the principles of green chemistry in material synthesis, the basic rules of “facile method” have been restricted, and the fabrication processes, perks and drawbacks, as well as practical applications of the “real” facile methods have been highlighted. The landscape of this review is to facilitate the mild preparation of efficient Pd‐based electrocatalysts for SMOR, that is, to achieve a balance between “facile preparation” and “outstanding performance”, thereby to stimulate the huge potential of sustainable nano‐electrocatalysts in various research and industrial fields.
Computational Engineering of Non‐van der Waals 2D Magnetene for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution and Reduction Reactions
Authors: Guerra Demingos Pedro , Chen Zhiwen , Ni Xiang , Singh Chandra Veer
Published: August 2024

Non‐van der Waals two‐dimensional materials containing exposed transition metal atoms are promising catalysts for green energy storage and conversion. For instance, hematene and ilmenene have been successfully applied as catalysts. Building on these reports, this work is the first investigation of recently synthesized magnetene towards the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) and Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). Using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, we unveil the mechanism, performance and ideal conditions for OER and ORR on magnetene. With overpotentials of ηOER=0.50 V and ηORR=0.41 V, the material is not only a bifunctional catalyst, but also superior to state‐of‐the‐art systems such as Pt and IrO2. Additionally, its catalytic properties can be further enhanced through engineering strategies such as point defects and in‐plane compression. It reaches ηORR=0.28 V at a compressive strain of only 2 %, while the presence of Ni boosts it to ηOER=0.39 V and ηORR=0.31 V, comparable to many reported single‐atom catalysts. Overall, this work demonstrates that magnetene is a promising bifunctional catalyst for applications such as regenerative fuel cells and metal‐air batteries.
Hybrid ELECTRE and bipolar fuzzy PROMOTHEE‐based packet dropping malicious node mitigation technique for improving QoS in WSNs
Authors: Madhavi S. , Praveen R. , Jagatheswari S. , Nivitha K.
Published: August 2024

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), trusted routing path needs to be determined for guaranteeing reliable data dissemination with maximized Quality of Service (QoS). But the sensor nodes may not exhibit a cooperative behavior for the objective of conserving energy and remaining active in the network. Trust management techniques are essential for alleviating the problem of packet dropping attacks of sensor nodes that intentionally deteriorates the performance of the network. In this paper, Hybrid ELECTRE and bipolar fuzzy PROMOTHEE‐based trust management (HEBFPTM) scheme is proposed for addressing the impact of packet dropping attacks that targets on improving QoS in WSNs. This is proposed as a multi‐criteria decision analysis solution for obtaining feasible number of parameters that could be derived from the sensor nodes of the network to determine its cooperation degree in the network. This HEBFPTM is proposed with the objective of integrating the ordinal evaluation of mobile nodes into a cardinal procedure using the method of PROMETHEE to attain quantitative and qualitative analysis that aides in identifying the weights of each criterion considered for cooperation determination using pairwise comparison. It adopted three preference models using partial, complete, and outranking through intervals. It handled the problem of uncertainty using the merits of bipolar fuzzy that helped in attaining the weight of the criteria and preference functions used for ranking the sensor nodes in the routing path. The experiments of the proposed HEBFPTM achieved using ns‐2 simulator confirmed its efficacy in improving the attack detection rate by 21.38%, reduced false positive rate by 15.42%, maximized packet delivery rate of 18.94%, and reduced energy utilization of 19.84% better than the benchmarked approaches used for investigation.
Lymphotoxins from distinct types of lymphoid cells differentially contribute to neuroinflammation
Authors: Gogoleva Violetta S. , Drutskaya Marina S. , Vorontsov Alexander I. , Atretkhany Kamar‐Sulu N. , Belogurov Alexey A. , Kruglov Andrey A. , Nedospasov Sergei A.
Published: August 2024

Lymphotoxin α and lymphotoxin β (LTs), TNF superfamily members, are expressed in either soluble (LTα3) or membrane‐bound (LTα1β2 or LTα2β1) forms. In the pathological context, LT‐mediated signaling is known to exacerbate autoimmunity by perpetuating inflammation and promoting the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs. Despite this understanding, the exact roles of LTα and LTβ in the pathogenesis of the murine model of multiple sclerosis, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), remain controversial. Here, we employed a panel of gene‐modified mice with cell‐type restricted ablation of LTα (targeting both membrane‐bound and soluble forms of LTs) to unravel the contributions of LTs from various lymphoid cells, namely T cells, type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) and B cells, in EAE. We found that the effects of LTα deletion were dependent on the cellular source. ILC3‐derived lymphotoxins exerted a protective role in EAE by regulating the accumulation of IFN‐ɣ‐ and GM‐CSF‐producing TH cells in the CNS. In contrast, T‐cell‐derived lymphotoxins promoted IL‐17A‐ and GM‐CSF‐mediated TH responses in the periphery, whereas B‐cell‐derived lymphotoxins were pathogenic only in the autoantibody‐mediated EAE model. Collectively, our findings unveil the multifaceted involvement of lymphotoxins in EAE pathogenesis and challenge the view that lymphotoxins play a solely pathogenic role in neuroinflammation.
Impact of Aerogel Barrier on Liquid‐Cooled Lithium‐Ion Battery Thermal Management System's Cooling Efficiency
Authors: Zeng Keyi , Zhang Ying , Tian Liyu , Lai Zengyan , Zhu Liang , Ma Chuyuan
Published: August 2024

Thermal runaway propagation (TRP) in lithium batteries poses significant risks to energy‐storage systems. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate insulating materials between the batteries to prevent the TRP. However, the incorporation of insulating materials will impact the battery thermal management system (BTMS). In this article, the influence of aerogel insulation on liquid‐cooled BTMS is analyzed employing experiments and simulations. In the experiment results, it is revealed that aerogel reduces heat dissipation from liquid‐cooled battery packs, leading to elevated peak temperatures and steeper temperature gradients. Simulation of battery pack discharge warming based on the 3D model shows that the result matches very well with that in the experiment., indicating a maximum temperature rise from 34.92 to 42.57 °C at 2C when aerogel thickness is increased to 5 mm, alongside a temperature differential expansion from 11.11 to 17.50 °C. Nonetheless, beyond 3 mm thickness, further increases in aerogel thickness cause negligible (<0.1 °C) temperature alterations, defining the saturation thickness of aerogel. Furthermore, maintaining consistent thickness and stacking more aerogel layers do not mitigate its detrimental effects. Interestingly, augmenting the battery's through‐thickness thermal conductivity counteracts the adverse outcomes of aerogel usage.
High Entropy Alloys: Emerging Materials for Advanced Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Jiang Yi , Jiang Wei
Published: August 2024

High entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted substantial attention in diverse fields, including hydrogen storage, owing to their unique structural and functional properties. The diverse components of HEAs have made them a focal point in research, aiming to develop new hydrogen storage materials with exceptional comprehensive properties. The present study provides a comprehensive review of the research progress in the hydrogen storage technology of HEAs. It covers microstructure analysis, theoretical calculations, hydrogen storage performance evaluation, and other pertinent applications. Furthermore, this paper introduces diverse hydrogen‐related applications while also addressing the current challenges and issues faced by researchers in the field of HEAs for hydrogen storage technology.