bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IL-22 Binding Protein Promotes the Disease Process in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Lindahl Hannes , Guerreiro-Cacais André O. , Bedri Sahl Khalid , Linnerbauer Mathias , Lindén Magdalena , Abdelmagid Nada , Tandre Karolina , Hollins Claire , Irving Lorraine , Glover Colin , Jones Clare , Alfredsson Lars , Rönnblom Lars , Kockum Ingrid , Khademi Mohsen , Jagodic Maja , Olsson Tomas
Published: July 2019

Genome-wide association studies have mapped the specific sequence variants that predispose for multiple sclerosis (MS). The pathogenic mechanisms that underlie these associations could be leveraged to develop safer and more effective MS treatments but are still poorly understood. In this article, we study the genetic risk variant rs17066096 and the candidate gene that encodes IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP), an antagonist molecule of the cytokine IL-22. We show that monocytes from carriers of the risk genotype of rs17066096 express more IL-22BP in vitro and cerebrospinal fluid levels of IL-22BP correlate with MS lesion load on magnetic resonance imaging. We confirm the pathogenicity of IL-22BP in both rat and mouse models of MS and go on to suggest a pathogenic mechanism involving lack of IL-22–mediated inhibition of T cell–derived IFN-γ expression. Our results demonstrate a pathogenic role of IL-22BP in three species with a potential mechanism of action involving T cell polarization, suggesting a therapeutic potential of IL-22 in the context of MS.
Towards an instrument for surveying knowledge management practices
Authors: Botha D. F.
Published: July 2019

The research was conducted to develop and stabilize a data collection and analysis instrument for an annual survey of knowledge management practices in the South African business sector. From a literature study it was deduced that six factors could be identified with necessary and sufficient reason to be used as main parameters for the assessment instrument. Synthesized a priori and posteriori judgmental knowledge was used to construct a number of aggregational indicators for each factor. Each indicator posited as a statement being a recognized knowledge management practice. A modified six point Likert scale was created to score/indicate gradual progression towards full implementation of a specific practice. Regression factor analysis and one-way analysis of variance was used on the collected data to evaluate the instrument. These analyses indicated that the instrument could detect the expected differences on the demographics and on the KM practices of the survey and could therefore be declared sound and verified. The analyses also revealed several modifications that could be used to improve the instrument.
Creativity, innovation and implementation: Management experience, venture size, life cycle stage, race and gender as moderators
Authors: Pretorius M. , Millard S. M. , Kruger M. E.
Published: July 2019

SMME (small, medium and micro-enterprise) development has been identified by the South African government as a priority in creating jobs. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor reports low entrepreneurial activity and suggests entrepreneurial education as paramount for improvement. Entrepreneurial skills depend on creativity and innovation as it distinguishes the entrepreneur from the small venture owner. This study empirically investigated the perceptions of small venture owners about their own creativity, their ventures’ innovativeness as well as their implementation orientation. While levels of self-evaluation for own creativity and venture innovativeness were high, implementation orientation was low and correlations between them were weak and not significant. Notwithstanding the expectation that high creativity will lead to high innovation and implementation, this article reports otherwise.It was found that number of years management experience, life cycle phase of the venture and race (cultural heritage) but not venture size and gender moderate perception of own creativity. Perception of venture innovativeness was significantly influenced by the life cycle phase of the venture only. Implementation orientation was significantly influenced by the number of years management experience, life cycle phase of the venture, venture size and race but not by gender.
Spectra of Boolean Graphs Over Finite Fields of Characteristic Two
Authors: Dillery D. Scott , LaGrange John D.
Published: July 2019

With entries of the adjacency matrix of a simple graph being regarded as elements of $\mathbb{F}_{2}$, it is proved that a finite commutative ring $R$ with $1\neq 0$ is a Boolean ring if and only if either $R\in \{\mathbb{F}_{2},\mathbb{F}_{2}\times \mathbb{F}_{2}\}$ or the eigenvalues (in the algebraic closure of $\mathbb{F}_{2}$) corresponding to the zero-divisor graph of $R$ are precisely the elements of $\mathbb{F}_{4}\setminus \{0\}$ . This is achieved by observing a way in which algebraic behavior in a Boolean ring is encoded within Pascal’s triangle so that computations can be carried out by appealing to classical results from number theory.
Rigidity Properties for Hyperbolic Generalizations
Authors: Healy Brendan Burns
Published: July 2019

We make a few observations on the absence of geometric and topological rigidity for acylindrically hyperbolic and relatively hyperbolic groups. In particular, we demonstrate the lack of a well-defined limit set for acylindrical actions on hyperbolic spaces, even under the assumption of universality. We also prove a statement about relatively hyperbolic groups inspired by a remark by Groves, Manning, and Sisto about the quasi-isometry type of combinatorial cusps. Finally, we summarize these results in a table in order to assert a meta-statement about the decay of metric rigidity as the conditions on actions on hyperbolic spaces are loosened.
Ultrasonography Technique in the Evaluation of Massive Rotator Cuff Tears Repaired using a Porcine Acellular Dermal Matrix Xenograft through a Mini-open Approach
Authors: Toth Alison P , Boggess Blake R
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Massive rotator cuff tears (RCT) have been notoriously difficult to treat, but recently the novel use of interposition biologic scaffold grafts in repair of massive RCT has had promising results. However, there are no published guidelines regarding postoperative imaging evaluation of massive RCT repaired with xenograft. The purpose of this study was to (1) describe how to use ultrasound to evaluate a porcine acellular dermal matrix xenograft after repair of massive RCT and (2) evaluate healing of a xenograft using high-resolution ultrasound.

Materials and methods

A total of 37 consecutive patients underwent ultrasound evaluation of a repaired RCT at a mean of 33 months follow-up (23–48). Postoperative ultrasound findings were correlated to preoperative and postoperative functional (visual analog scale, Short-form 12, and Modified American shoulder and elbow score) and clinical outcomes (active range of motion and strength).

Results

Of the 37 patients, ultrasound showed that 33 (89.2%) of the cuff repairs were fully intact, 3 (8.1%) had partial thickness tears, and 1 (2.7%) had a full thickness tear. In this study, the integrity of the repair based on high-resolution ultrasound correlates with functional and clinical outcomes.

Conclusion

Ultrasound is an effective method to evaluate xenograft interposition grafts used in rotator cuff repair.

Neumann JA, Rickert KD, Toth AP, Boggess BR. Ultrasonography Technique in the Evaluation of Massive Rotator Cuff Tears Repaired using a Porcine Acellular Dermal Matrix Xenograft through a Mini-open Approach. The Duke Orthop J 2016;6(1):26-34.
Pediatric Tillaux Ankle Fracture with Concomitant Adult-type Supination External Rotation Fracture Pattern: A Rare Injury
Authors: Fitch Robert D , Dial Brian L
Published: July 2019

The juvenile Tillaux fracture is a transitional ankle fracture that occurs in the adolescent population. The juvenile Tillaux fracture is an avulsion injury of the distal tibia's anterolateral epiphysis as the result of excessive external rotation. The purpose of this article is to present a pediatric ankle fracture that is best described as a supination-external rotation type IV ankle injury with an associated Tillaux fragment. This fracture pattern represents a unique variant to classically described pediatric ankle fractures.

Dial BL, Morwood MP, Fitch RD. Pediatric Tillaux Ankle Fracture with Concomitant Adult-type Supination External Rotation Fracture Pattern: A Rare Injury. The Duke Orthop J 2016;6(1):61-63.
Treatment Outcomes in Endodontics
Authors: Srinivasan Raghu , Raghu Ramya
Published: July 2019

The success of endodontic treatment has been of great interest to practitioners for many years now. Endodontic failures, which are of particular interest to us, are due to either microbial or nonmicrobial reasons. It is often thought that procedural errors like ledging, perforation, overfilling, underfilling or instrument separation invariably result in failure. In reality, the fact is that such mishaps only impede the accomplishment of an ideal root canal treatment. It is often the concomitant presence of infection that ultimately results in failure.

Numerous studies have evaluated the success or failure of endodontic therapy and reported a wide range of success rates from 40 to 93%. This wide range may be due to differences in clinical procedure, experimental design, criteria for evaluation and the length of the observation period. However, most authors conclude that the crucial factor influencing success is the preoperative status of the tooth. Teeth with an apical radiolucency show a 20% lower success rate than teeth without lesion.

Till date, the main method of evaluating success is radiographic, using recall radiographs. This method, however, is not without its own limitations due to examiner bias and inconsistencies.

The factors affecting treatment outcome include those related to diagnosis, preoperative condition of the patient and tooth, standard of care during treatment, postoperative factors and ongoing maintenance. This paper reviews the various factors influencing the outcome of endodontic treatment in light of modern thought.

How to cite this article

Srinivasan R, Raghu R. Treatment Outcomes in Endodontics. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(1):13-17.
Metabolic Status of Lean, Overweight, and Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Asegaonkar Shilpa B , Kareem Ishrat , Pagdhune Avinash , Thorat Anand , Borkar Mangala S
Published: July 2019

Aims

To compare metabolic status of lean vs overweight/ obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and correlate biochemical parameters with anthropometric measures.

Materials and methods

A total of 100 T2DM patients were categorized as lean and overweight/obese according to body mass index (BMI); 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were selected. Anthropometric measures of BMI, waist circumference (WC), and waist:hip (W:H) were recorded. Fasting blood samples were assayed for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and nonesterified free fatty acids (NEFA). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated by Friedewald's formula and TG: HDL was measured as measure of insulin resistance (IR).

Results

Anthropometric measures of overall (BMI 31.65 ± 5.49, 20.34 ± 2.45 vs 22.29 ± 3.21) and visceral adiposity (WC 91.98 ± 6.8, 75.45 ± 4.34 vs 74.19 ± 3.98 and W:H 0.99 ± 0.12, 0.78 ± 0.21 vs 0.76 ± 0.32) were significantly higher in overweight/ obese (p < 0.05) compared with lean T2DM and controls. Total cholesterol, TG, LDL, and NEFA were significantly raised and HDL decreased in T2DM compared with those of controls. But much higher values were observed in overweight/obese than in lean group. Triglycerides: HDL was significantly higher in obese than in lean patients (4.66 ± 1.89 vs 7.91 ± 3.01), confirming significantly decreased insulin sensitivity among obese than non-obese diabetics. Positive correlation was observed between BMI, WC, W:H and TC, TG, LDL, NEFA, and TG:HDL, while negative correlation was observed with HDL in obese group. Lean individuals with normal BMI, WC had deranged lipids with IR.

Conclusion

Lean and obese T2DM have dyslipidemia and IR. Poor metabolic profile is associated with overall and visceral adiposity in obese and not in lean T2DM individuals.

How to cite this article

Asegaonkar SB, Kareem I, Aghade S, Pagdhune A, Thorat A, Borkar MS. Metabolic Status of Lean, Overweight, and Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Indian J Med Biochem 2016;20(1):6-10.
To evaluate the Gender Differences in Learning Style Modalities among the Undergraduate Students and their Preferred Mode of Learning
Authors: Gupta RC , Garg Aparna , Sankhla Manisha
Published: July 2019

Background

Academic demands of medical students are quite high. Learning styles may be classified into four major sensory modalities—visual, auditory, read-write and kinesthetic, that one most prefers to use when internalizing information.

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the gender differences in learning style modalities among the First Year Undergraduate Students and their Preferred Mode of Learning.

Methodology

Total 243 first year students of various medical courses (135 MBBS, 56 BDS, and 52 BPT) attending lectures in the Department of Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan were included for the project. Learning style preference was identified using the visual, auditory, read-write and kinesthetic (VARK) online inventory developed by Fleming, 1992. A questionnaire was filled by the students which included their demographic profile, medical science stream and preferred sensory modality of instruction.

Findings

Learning style of the students of various medical courses showed a statistically significant difference according to VARK questionnaire (p < 0.0001). Within the group, based on VARK, the preferred Sensory Modality was kinesthetic in MBBS, BDS and BPT students. On the basis Preferred Sensory Mode, kinesthetic was the preferred mode in MBBS, BDS and visual mode amongst BPT students. The most common pattern of learning was bimodal in male and female students of the various medical courses.

Conclusion

Present findings suggest that kinesthetic was the preferred learning style by both individual preferred sensory modality and VARK inventory tool, and was found to be statistically significant among the students of medical and allied sciences. The gender differences when evaluated for both the individual preferred sensory modality and VARK inventory tool, it was found to have a predilection for the kinesthetic mode in both the male as well as female students.

How to cite this article

Garg A, Sankhla M, Gupta RC. To evaluate the Gender Differences in Learning Style Modalities among the Undergraduate Students and their Preferred Mode of Learning. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(2):58-63.
Eugenol Hypersensitivity in Pediatric Dental Patient: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Nigam Anant Gopal , Beniwal Ankita , Chaturvedi Shefali , Bhatt Tanmay
Published: July 2019

Eugenol is a phenolic compound commonly used in dentistry as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug. Zinc oxide eugenol is an important root canal filling material in primary teeth with excellent documented success. Its cytotoxic effect is documented in some cases due to production of zinc eugenolate which is highly unstable and induces type IV hypersensitivity reactions and even generalized anaphylactic symptoms. But, the case reports documenting immediate hypersensitivity reaction to eugenol are very rare. This was a case of type I immediate hypersensitivity reaction to eugenol in a 3 years old pediatric patient. During the full mouth rehabilitation under general anesthesia, hard indurated swelling of lower lip was observed at the time of obturation of mandibular primary teeth. The procedure was stopped immediately suspecting an allergic response which was later confirmed to be eugenol allergy by patch test. Hence, it is important to evaluate all local allergies even if the patient fails to report allergy history.

How to cite this article

Beniwal A, Chaturvedi S, Bhatt T, Sharma A, Nigam AG. Eugenol Hypersensitivity in Pediatric Dental Patient: A Rare Case Report. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(2):68-70.
Pan Digital Gangrene: A Rare Phenomenon in Scrub Typhus
Authors: Agrawal CM , Pahadia Manish R , Gupta Shubham , Anand Haritej
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Scrub typhus is an acute, febrile zoonosis, caused by an obligate intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi. The disease is of greatest public health importance in rural areas of Asia and in Western Pacific Islands. The clinical manifestations of the disease range from subclinical disease to an organ failure. The various complications known with this disease are jaundice, renal failure, pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, myocarditis, vasculitis, and meningoencephalitis. The complications of scrub typhus usually develop after the first week of illness.

Case report

We report a case of a 70-year-old female, farmer by occupation, who presented with acute febrile illness and was diagnosed as scrub typhus. She subsequently developed vasculitis, which resulted in pan digital gangrene. After thorough workup for digital gangrene, it was established that scrub typhus is the cause of gangrene in this patient.

Conclusion

Thus, our inference is that vasculitis might be seen in very few cases of scrub typhus and it may progress up to gangrene of digits. Only one such case has been reported, thus making it a very rare phenomenon.

How to cite this article

Rijhwani P, Charan A, Agrawal CM, Pahadia MR, Gupta S, Anand H. Pan Digital Gangrene: A Rare Phenomenon in Scrub Typhus. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(1):35-37.
An Indigenous Removal Method of a Broken Interlocking Nail
Authors: Mathur AK , Kumar Mohit , Kedawat Aniket , Sharma Anshu , Gupta Anand
Published: July 2019

Breakage of locking nail is an important cause of interlocking nail failure in femoral fractures. Usually, it takes place at one of the ends of the nail. Here we report an unusual extraction method of intramedullary femoral nail failure with breakage of nail proximal to distal locking holes. Such a scenario usually complicates further management. This case was managed with exchange nailing and bone grafting after removal of implant using a novel technique and using commonly available orthopedic instruments in the operation theater. Here, we briefly review the literature regarding such an unusual presentation and discuss in detail the possible etiology of such a presentation and the management options when facing such a complex situation.

How to cite this article

Kedawat A, Mathur AK, Kumar M, Sharma A, Gupta A. An Indigenous Removal Method of a Broken Interlocking Nail. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(1):38-40.
Invoelbaarheid is ook niet alles
Authors: Boer Theo
Published: July 2019

De centrale rol van de invoelbare ondraaglijkheid in de Nederlandse en Belgische euthanasiepraktijk is uniek in de wereld. Vanuit de Nederlandse toetsingsprocedure ken ik het belang ervan uit ervaring. Niet alleen is vereist dat artsen hebben vastgesteld dat iemand vond dat hij ondraaglijk leed, maar ook dat artsen dat zelf vaststellen. In zijn prachtige en doorwrochte artikel stelt Willem Lemmens terechte vragen bij de rol van ‘onuitputtelijke empathie’ (Thienpont) als basis voor een geassisteerd sterven voor psychiatrische patiënten. Met iemand meevoelen zou op zijn minst een vermogen moeten impliceren om gevoelens te relativeren en in perspectief te plaatsen. Wat ik in deze bijdrage wil doen, is aan de hand van mijn ervaringen in de Nederlandse toetsingsprocedure illustreren hoe belangrijk Lemmens’ vragen zijn. Tegelijk zet ik twee kanttekeningen. Ten eerste: is er een manier om zonder een te grote nadruk op empathie toch euthanasiewensen van psychiatrische patiënten te honoreren? En ten tweede: stel dat we individuele psychiatrische patiënten wel euthanasie zouden gunnen, is daarmee ook het pleit voor een euthanasiepraktijk bij deze patiënten beslecht?
Atmospheric measurements of the terrestrial O2 : CO2 exchange ratio of a midlatitude forest
Authors: Battle Mark O. , Munger J. William , Conley Margaret , Sofen Eric , Perry Rebecca , Hart Ryan , Davis Zane , Scheckman Jacob , Woogerd Jayme , Graeter Karina , Seekins Samuel , David Sasha , Carpenter John
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Measurements of atmospheric O2
have been used to quantify large-scale
fluxes of carbon between the oceans, atmosphere and land
since 1992 (Keeling and Shertz, 1992). With time,
datasets have grown
and estimates of fluxes have become more precise, but
a key uncertainty in these calculations is the exchange ratio
of O2
and CO2 associated with the net land carbon sink
(αB). We present measurements of atmospheric
O2 and CO2 collected over
a 6-year period from a mixed deciduous forest in central
Massachusetts, USA (42.537∘ N, 72.171∘ W).
Using a differential fuel-cell-based
instrument for O2 and a nondispersive infrared analyzer for
CO2, we analyzed airstreams collected within and ∼5 m above the forest canopy. Averaged over the entire
period of record, we find these two species covary with a slope of -1.081±0.007 mol of O2 per mole of
CO2 (the
mean and standard error of 6 h periods).
If we limit the data to values collected on summer days within the
canopy, the slope is -1.03±0.01. These are the conditions in which
biotic influences are most likely to dominate.
This result is significantly
different from the value of −1.1 widely used in O2-based
calculations of the global carbon budget, suggesting the need for a deeper understanding of the exchange ratios of the various fluxes and pools comprising the net sink.
Nitrogen cycling in the Elbe estuary from a joint 3D-modelling and observational perspective
Authors: Pein Johannes , Eisele Annika , Hofmeister Richard , Sanders Tina , Daewel Ute , Stanev Emil V. , van Beusekom Justus , Staneva Joanna , Schrum Corinna
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The study addresses the nitrogen cycling in Elbe estuary. Observations of salinity, nutrients and oxygen from moored stations, ship casts and helicopter surveys are presented. Observations are complemented by simulations obtained from a coupled physical-biogeochemical 3D unstructured model, applied for the first time to the estuarine environment. Model simulations reproduce the temporal variability of nutrients and oxygen along the estuarine salinity gradient. Both, observations and model results, demonstrate mostly conservative mixing of nitrate and non-conservative behavior of ammonium. Model hind-casts of the years 2012 and 2013 provide a detailed reconstruction of nitrogen recycling with ammonium appearing as the key species of the remineralisation process. Estuarine turnover processes are fueled by inputs of diatoms and organic nitrogen at the tidal weir with intense primary production manifest in the shallow river section downstream of the weir. The harbor area is the hot spot of heterotrophic decay associated with growth of meso-zooplankton, sedimentation of degradable material, remineralisation, oxygen depletion, denitrification and ammonium production. In the harbor, biochemistry shows strong vertical gradients while hydrodynamics demonstrate connectivity between the main channel and the harbor. At the estuary bed nitrogen is deposited during spring and early summer. Resuspension leads to nearly closed budget by the end of the year. During the Elbe flood in June 2013, estuarine biogeochemistry is significantly disturbed with the harbor being deactivated as hot spot of heterotrophic decay. Plankton and organic matter are flushed towards the outer estuary which in consequence sees high abundance of grazers, oxygen depletion and elevated release of ammonium.
Solution for indoor positioning using WIFI networks
Authors: Aguilar Aravena Carolina , Delazari Luciene Stamato
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The use of Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS) has gained an exponential growth due to the high availability of infrastructure to carry out its development. In this context this work presents the development of an Open Source Software for indoor positioning with the use of WIFI networks, since in this type of environment the pedestrian needs a greater assistance for its location and navigation. The application was developed in Android Studio, with a database generated using the WIFI routers of the study area. In addition, the position of the user in real time is showed in a map. The positioning techniques used for this application were Proximity, Center of Mass and Trilateration. The results shows that it is possible to obtain a high level of agreement in the identification of building and floor. The results also show that it is possible to develop an indoor positioning application through WIFI networks.
Alternate thematic maps to visualize United Nations Sustainable Development Goal indicator data
Authors: Pirani Natasha , Ricker Britta , Kraak Menno-Jan
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The choropleth is a widely used thematic map type. But it is not always ideal to visualize social data in engaging and accurate ways, especially as a standalone map. In this paper we discuss choropleths and two thematic map types with altered geometry: area cartograms and tile maps with repeating icons. To identify benefits and drawbacks of each, we created a choropleth, contiguous cartogram, and repeating icon tile map visualizing the same data from the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator about the proportion of women and girls aged 15–49 who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting in African countries, from SDG 5, on Gender Equality. We conducted a qualitative online survey to collect users evaluations, through informational tasks, quality ratings, and open-ended questions based on interaction with the maps. Results of this preliminary investigation suggest that though users are familiar and therefore more comfortable with choropleth maps, they interpreted thematic map types differently. Specifically, the relative novelty and unfamiliarity of the distorted geometry of cartograms and tile maps may have caused users to engage more thoughtfully with the visualized data and in the cartogram and tile map which are generally considered non-standard thematic maps.
Japan’s Most Famous Surveyor: Ino Tadataka and His Iconic 1821 Map of Japan!
Authors: Brock John Francis
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Having examined famous surveyors and surveys from all over the world it is not often that I have encountered a country that was so proud of one of its legendary surveyors that they struck a postage stamp to him for his survey work. However, I was absolutely delighted when I discovered that the Japanese nation had dedicated an 80 yen postage stamp to their hero surveyor Ino Tadataka who had been responsible for surveying the country to provide the details for the first accurate map of its territory in 1821. Even though this large chart was published posthumously he is rightly celebrated as the genius behind this masterpiece of cartography having spent the last seventeen (17) years of his life personally walking and measuring the entirety of its coastal boundaries from the advanced age of 55 years.Within this paper I will trace the life of this great man highlighting the Edo Period of Japanese history along with the techniques and surveying equipment utilized by Ino and his survey teams to collect the measurements required to produce the first accurate delineation of the coasts of their nation. Along the way we will visit Ino’s house and various museums and statue monuments honouring this surveying hero and his truly remarkable achievements in precise mapping during a time before GPS, drone and aerial photogrammetry and remote sensing from satellites.
Automatic Change Detection Based on Edge Information Using Two Different Types of Ortho Image
Authors: Sasagawa Akira , Sugai Shuto , Noguchi Mayumi
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A new algorithm of automatic change detection for update of base map is presented. In conventional method, using two different types of ortho image, such as aerial photo and satellite image, makes detection quality worse due to the difference of each contrast, brightness, color balance and so on. To obtain robust result against such difference between two images, we introduce edge-vector technique. We applied this method using two ortho images derived from each aerial photo and satellite image. We have tested our method and confirmed a performance of the change detection by the interpretation test. In this paper, the detailed algorithm and the result of interpretation test are reported.
Cartographical Knowledge and Training of Geography Teachers
Authors: Sena Carla Cristina Reinaldo Gimenes de , Jordão Barbara Gomes Flaire , Castellar Sonia Maria Vanzella
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This article raises a few discussion topics concerning the cartographical learning for children and young adults as well as the training of Geography teachers in Brazil. It's necessary to clarify that one can't assing to teachers the full responsibility for the problems that the school and the cartography teaching are facing. We agree with Souza and Katuta (2001), who affirm there is a relevant and complex group of political, social and economic elements that can help explaining the educational situation Brazil is facing, especially in public schools. However, these elements end up being concealed along the education process. Therefore, we will present only the part of the scenario that includes the practices of Geography teachers, since they are responsible for forming the future generation of map-readers and producers. When dealing with the subject of teaching the teachers, we researched the literature that covers the teaching of Geography and Cartography at school and we applied it to national scope and to our own experience as teachers and researchers.
Mapping of Physical Vulnerability in Tiger Habitat Areas: A Case Study of Tiger Corridor of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Singh Bhanwar Vishvendra Raj , Sen Anjan
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Nowadays, biodiversity is very rapidly diminishing from all over the globe due to unsustainable practices of natural resource by anthropogenic activities. It is an unhealthy for ecosystem services. In the biodiversity, tiger is an icon of healthy wildlife, which is known as a vital factor for maintaining universal food chain system. The research paper is focused on “Mapping of Physical Vulnerability of Tiger Habitat Areas: A Case Study of Tiger corridor of Rajasthan, India” it’s a micro level Study based on primary and secondary data through GIS mapping, habitat ranking and Q-Q plot. All five physical factors to inter-connect and overlay of the ranking of tiger habitats for the physical vulnerability. Especially, core and periphery of vulnerability have obtained from the Multispectral images from ETM and ETM+ sensors of Landsat and LISS-III and AWiFS sensors of Resourcesat-satellites. The study examines the spatial pattern physical vulnerability and suitability of tiger corridor of Rajasthan. Tiger Landscape change within all ecological zones has been evaluated. The Landsat TM and ETM imagery has been used to produce LULC classification maps for both areas utilising a hybrid supervised/unsupervised methods. LULC changes are measured using landscape metrics and change maps created by post-classification through change detection. Using all the raster maps and the final change detection of the reserve has been done through spatial analysis using the raster calculator tool in ArcGIS, Erdas, Statistical tool and MS Excel 13. The study comes out with physical vulnerability in core and periphery areas of the tiger corridor. The research addressed vulnerability of tiger habitat, human encroachment, impact on tiger habitat, intervene of domestic animals, and the migration in core and periphery areas, finally, the situation of physical vulnerability would be alarming for biodiversity of tiger corridor, specially buffer areas.
Rethinking the place of students intermediated by the Geographic, Historical and Cultural School Atlas of the Federal District, Brazil
Authors: Souza Vânia Lúcia Costa Alves , Bueno Míriam Aparecida , Leite Cristina Maria Costa
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The Basic Education teachers in Brazil face difficulties inherent in working with the geographical categories: Landscape, territory, region and place. These difficulties are related to the training of teachers who do not understand these categories and the lack of appropriate didactic material. The absence of local thematic maps prevents the understanding of the place as a living space and as a correlation of stories in the different scenarios of the city "The study of the place as a proposal for the continuing education of teachers of Basic Education from the School Atlas" is a project that allows teachers and students of the DF to approach these categories. The project is divided into two stages. The first stage was the preparation of the Geographic, Historical and Cultural School Atlas of the Federal District (AEGHC DF), completed in 2018. The second stage will be the training course for Basic Education teachers with exercises that involve the place category as a daily space that allows the construction of identities. The purpose of this article is to investigate the use of the AEGHC DF as an important mediator in the construction of spatial categories such as place and landscape in Geography classes. The Atlas is presented as a teaching methodology and strategy in the development of cartographic skills in the development of spatial reasoning. The AEGHC DF invites students and teachers to know more about maps, visualizing spaces, creating narratives and getting to know the place where they live.
An approach for identifying and analysing reference features and spatial relations used in mountain emergency calls
Authors: Bunel Mattia , Duchêne Cécile , Olteanu-Raimond Ana-Maria , Villanova-Oliver Marlène , Bonhoure Grégoire , Jouan Tiphaine
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The CHOUCAS project aims at helping mountain rescue services to locate a victim who describes her location by means of spatial relations with reference geographic features. In this context, the study presented in this paper aims at better understanding what reference features and spatial relations are used to locate oneself in a mountain area, with the ultimate aim of designing tools to help the rescuers. Audio tapes of real emergency calls were used as starting material. The core of the work is the design of a template to transcribe the location information contained in these calls while structuring it. A first analysis of the transcribed calls shows that projective or directional static spatial relations are the most used, and that a finer classification of reference features and spatial relations is needed. In order to synthetically present the location information contained in a call, an additional representation by means of a sketch map with a dedicated symbolisation is proposed.
Publication of maps and plans of Jewish settlement from the first half of the 18th century
Authors: Steinová Šárka , Drozda Jiří , Paulus Filip , Böhm Ondřej
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A unique set of maps and plans, showing in detail the Jewish settlement in the Czech Republic originating from the first half of the 18. century, was compiled and expertly handled by researchers of the Czech National Archives. The set consist of 98 plans and sketches produced on the basis of the Imperial Translocation Rescripts (1726). All maps and sketches have been produced within one year 1727 and depicted small towns and villages in some cases already extinct. During research large data base file was created with the aim of spatial identification of individual maps and plans, and objects that appear on them. In cooperation with the VÚGTK application has been developed to publish this unique map set through the Web application. The application allows viewing individual maps including the preserved archive materials, their overlap with other major cartographic sources, mainly with the Index Sketches of the Stable Cadastre dating from the first half of the 19th century. (The Index Sketches of the Stable Cadastre was one of the main sources used in the professional processing and spatial identification of individual maps.) The application also allows comparing with the current cartographic materials (aerial imagery, nowadays maps, GIS data etc.) The benefit of application is not only for research of Jewish settlement development in the Czech Republic but also for other research like urban planning and development of the countryside and its settlements.
Demolished building detection from aerial imagery using deep learning
Authors: Su Shu , Nawata Takahiko
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In this paper, we present a novel approach for demolished building detection using bi-temporal aerial images and building boundary polygon data. The building boundary polygon data can enable the proposed method to distinguish buildings from non-buildings. Moreover, it can enable the exclusion of non-building changes such as those caused by changes in tree cover, roads, and vegetation. The results of demolished building detection can be achieved by using the building-base. The proposed method classifies each building as demolished or undemolished. The architectures, which based on U-Net and VGG19, are implemented for realizing automatic demolished building detection. The result suggested that U-Net is a useful architecture for image classification problems as well as for semantic segmentation tasks. In order to verify the effectiveness of proposed method, the detection performance is evaluated using images of an entire city. The results suggest that the proposed method can accurately detect demolished buildings with a low mis-detection rate and low over-detection rate.
Geographical names to support monitoring of the regional dynamic in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Cahyono Ari , Apriadna Rossaydiana , Wulandari Yuniarsita Setyo , Sinaga Siti Martha Uly Br
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Maps is a valuable tool for the geographer to do geographical research. One of the maps’ layer is geographical names. Geographical names belong to the cultural heritage and could help identify the development of human’s civilization. The boundaries that spread throughout a region have the characteristic of constraining both juridically and legally-formal up to its social aspects. However, the regional borders that have previously been determined are now open to modifications over time. The objectives of this research are : 1) analyse the multitemporal maps as the source of geographical names dynamic inside an area; 2) interpret data of dynamic geographical names obtained to be the basis of regional boundaries alteration. The historical map collection of the Royal Tropical Institute in the Library of Map Leiden University (Maps of Magelang from 1855, 1915, 1938, 1940), the topographic map of the U.S. Army Map Service (AMS) (printed in 1945), the Indonesian official topographic maps (Peta Rupabumi Indonesia-RBI) dated 2001, the Google Maps 2018, and the OpenStreetMaps 2018 are altogether utilized in studying the geographical names dynamic of both Magelang Municipality and Magelang Regency. The multitemporal geographical names data are later to be employed to assist the analysis of regional dynamic. We applied the descriptive qualitative method in this research. The existing maps published during the colonialism era and post-Independence Day (1945) can be beneficial to locate the development of regional boundaries and as a resource of multitemporal geographical names. The existence of Magelang Municipality physically has been found since the region belonged to Kedu Residency. On the other hand, the administrative borders were first emerging in a map issued in 1938. The maps from 1855 to 2001 showed that administrative borders of the regions and geographical names examined before were bound to change, mainly on district names. This matter happened due to the proliferation and integration of regions within the Municipality and Regency. Although the borders appeared the same on some of the maps (the 1855 version was similar to the 1915’s and from 1938 to 1945 showed the parallel border lines), the maps showed different geographical names. The orthography of geographical names is experiencing changes as well, from using diacritic to using the Perfected Spelling System (Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan-EYD).
Global influence of the map of Japan produced by Japanese cartographer Sekisui Nagakubo
Authors: Tsujimoto Motohiro
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Both epoch-making high accuracy map of Japan named 日本分野図, Nihon bunya zu “Allocation Map of Japan” (Dr. Kazutaka Unno called it as “Astronomical Map of Japan”)compiled by Japanese Cartographer 森幸安 Kouan Mori in 1754,and following, 改正日本輿地路程全図”Kaisei Nihon Yochi Rotei Zenzu “Revised General Route Map of Japan” by 長久保赤水 Sekisui Nagakubo in1779 were created according to the latitude data observed in 14 provinces in Japan recorded in 天文瓊統 Tenmon Keitou (book of Astronomy and divination in Japan) written by Japanese astronomer 渋川春海 Harumi Shibukawa. And in 天文瓊統 Tenmon Keitou (book of Astronomy and divination in Japan) the latitude of 北京 Beijing, 南京 Nanjing and 高麗 Korea recorded in 四海験測 Si hăi yān tsē Nationwide survey conducted by 郭守敬 Guo Shoujin et al in1279 in 元 Yuan Dynasty were displayed for revision of calendar to new 授時暦 Shoushi-li calendar. 渋川春海 Harumi Shibukawa adopted 授時暦 Shoushi-li calendar formulated by 郭 守敬 Guo Shoujin et al to his 貞享改暦 Joukyou revision of calendar in Japan 1685. This proves that the technology of observation of the latitude in Japan was transmitted from China for revision of calendar and observed latitude datas recorded in Tenmon Keitou were exploited to the cartography of Map of Japan without land survey project.In 1754 森幸安 Kouan Mori compiled his 日本分野図, Nihon bunya zu “Allocation Map of Japan” by Chinese technology of 方格図 fānggētu grid map east and west equidistant from the distance of latitude 1° by Chinese Cartographer 羅洪先 Luo Hong xian’s 廣輿図 Guan YuTu, “Vast map of China” in Ming. Kouan Mori improved his map of Japan to realise the particularity in each allocation grid. Kouan Mori learned global atlas from duplicate the Matteo Ricchhi’s 坤輿万国全圖 Kunyu Wanguo Quatu:general map of Myriad countries on the earth 1602. In 1779, 長久保赤水 Sekisui Nagakubo made many modifications to the Kouan Mori’s maps and improve it to carry in pocket, named 改正日本輿地路程全図 Kaisei Nihon Yochi Rotei Zenzu “Revised General Route Map of Japan” and published it. Since 1809, this Nagakubo’s map has been repeatedly duplicated and translated into the language of each country in Europe and published, in Russia in 1809 and 1810, in France in 1827 by name of famous Surveyor Krusenstern. In 1855–1862 by United Kingdom Admiralty published the map “Japan Nipon (mean Honshuu Island) Kiusiu and Sikok and a part of coast of Korea” based on a replica map by Krusenstern in 1827. However, these were published without knowing the name of the Japanese original author Sekisui Nagakubo.
Restorement of early 19th century’s Geomagnetic declinations in Japan, from Tadataka Inoh’s survey azimuth ledger
Authors: Tsujimoto Motohiro , Omotani Akitoshi
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The Santou-Houi-Ki is a national treasure of Japan recorded by Japanese cartographic surveyor Tadataka Inoh in 1800 to 1816, consist of 67 volumes survey ledger to produce the first survey map of Japan, called “Coastal Area Map of great Japan,” or Inoh map (1 : 36000, 1 : 216000, 1 : 432000).In the Santou-Houi-Ki estimate 200,000 magnetic compass survey azimuth data by accuracy of 0°05′ unit were written, with the name or short description of magnetic compass survey reference point and target points. Inoh’s team carried out the survey did not apply the correction of magnetic declination. Because before his survey, Inoh tried to observe magnetic declination in Edo (Tokyo) was nearly zero. Inoh conducted the survey on the assumption that the influence of magnetic declination to survey map of Japan is at least. The surveyed region extends from North eastern coast of Hokkaido Island to Yakushima Island in western Japan. We start analysis, check the outline of reference point and target points from the name or the description of reference point and target points, the survey azimuth recorded in Santou-Houi-Ki, and Inoh’s survey diary, Inoh’s maps, modern survey map, today’s survey map or local source books. We execute interdisciplinary and simultaneous analysis of geomagnetic declination, real azimuth, precise position of the survey execution point and target points (latitude and longitude less than 0.1 second). And add the historical importance of each precise position of survey reference point. Calculate backward the precise position of survey reference point, where the value of magnetic declination, subtracting the magnetic survey azimuth from the true azimuth to any target points is similar or approximate. We cannot read the precise content of national treasure Santou-Houi-Ki without this interdisciplinary simultaneous analysis. We tried to analysis at 227 points in Japanese archipelago, the distribution of magnetic declination and precise position of the survey reference points and target points in early 19 century’s Japan are gradually elucidated. When we compare the analysis of declination from Santou-Houi-Ki to Noaa’s Historical Declination Viewer, NOAA’s progress of declination west is always 5 to 6 years late than the analysis of Santou-Houi-Ki. And differences are more remarkable in western Japan. We must supply the analysis data from Santou-Houi-Ki to NOAA.
3D Model of Historical Vltava River Valley: Combination of Sources
Authors: Cajthaml Jiri , Kratochvilova Darina , Janata Tomas
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Within the framework of the project “Vltava – transformation of historical landscape as a result of floods, dams creation and land-use changes along with cultural and social activities in the river neighbourhood” funded by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic, we deal with many aspects of the Vltava River, considering the significant changes that have taken place in its history. In this paper, we are focusing on the reconstruction of the historic Vltava valley as of 1950s, the period just before the construction of the dam reservoirs cascade on the Vltava River. The aim is to create DTM, which will be the basis of visualizations and analyses of the old river bed.
An Algorithm of Automatic Administrative Region Index Map Generation for National-level Map Production
Authors: Wang Ruolei , Liu Jianjun , Li Zhao , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Since the project of dynamic updating of national fundamental geographic information database was launched, National Geomatics Center of China has published the newest version of multi-scale databases, derived databases and subdivision maps once a year. As one of the derived cartographic databases, administrative region index database allows users to find maps covering their regions of interest quickly by input the name or number of the relevant map. Due to the boundaries or attributes of some administrative regions may often change, updating of administrative region index database is necessary. To improve efficiency and quality in the national-level map production and database construction, an algorithm of administrative region index map automatic generalization has been proposed in this paper to replace the traditional manual production lines, which are time-consuming and uncontrollable in quality. The method goes in depth with handling coordinate recognition error accumulation and residue lines caused by the clip.