bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple hominin dispersals into Southwest Asia over the past 400,000 years
Authors: Groucutt Huw S. , White Tom S. , Scerri Eleanor M. L. , Andrieux Eric , Clark-Wilson Richard , Breeze Paul S. , Armitage Simon J. , Stewart Mathew , Drake Nick , Louys Julien , Price Gilbert J. , Duval Mathieu , Parton Ash , Candy Ian , Carleton W. Christopher , Shipton Ceri , Jennings Richard P. , Zahir Muhammad , Blinkhorn James , Blockley Simon , Al-Omari Abdulaziz , Alsharekh Abdullah M. , Petraglia Michael D.
Published: September 2021

Pleistocene hominin dispersals out of, and back into, Africa necessarily involved traversing the diverse and often challenging environments of Southwest Asia1–4. Archaeological and palaeontological records from the Levantine woodland zone document major biological and cultural shifts, such as alternating occupations by Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. However, Late Quaternary cultural, biological and environmental records from the vast arid zone that constitutes most of Southwest Asia remain scarce, limiting regional-scale insights into changes in hominin demography and behaviour1,2,5. Here we report a series of dated palaeolake sequences, associated with stone tool assemblages and vertebrate fossils, from the Khall Amayshan 4 and Jubbah basins in the Nefud Desert. These findings, including the oldest dated hominin occupations in Arabia, reveal at least five hominin expansions into the Arabian interior, coinciding with brief ‘green’ windows of reduced aridity approximately 400, 300, 200, 130–75 and 55 thousand years ago. Each occupation phase is characterized by a distinct form of material culture, indicating colonization by diverse hominin groups, and a lack of long-term Southwest Asian population continuity. Within a general pattern of African and Eurasian hominin groups being separated by Pleistocene Saharo-Arabian aridity, our findings reveal the tempo and character of climatically modulated windows for dispersal and admixture.
Molecular modelling approaches predicted 1,2,3-triazolyl ester of ketorolac (15K) to be a novel allosteric modulator of the oncogenic kinase PAK1
Authors: Shahinozzaman Md , Ahmed Sinthyia , Emran Rashiduzzaman , Tawata Shinkichi
Published: September 2021

P21-activated kinases (PAKs) are serine/threonine protein kinase which have six different isoforms (PAK1–6). Of those, PAK1 is overexpressed in many cancers and considered to be a major chemotherapeutic target. Most of the developed PAK1 inhibitor drugs work as pan-PAK inhibitors and show undesirable toxicity due to having untargeted kinase inhibition activities. Selective PAK1 inhibitors are therefore highly desired and oncogenic drug hunters are trying to develop allosteric PAK1 inhibitors. We previously synthesized 1,2,3-triazolyl ester of ketorolac (15K) through click chemistry technique, which exhibits significant anti-cancer effects via inhibiting PAK1. Based on the selective anticancer effects of 15K against PAK1-dependent cancer cells, we hypothesize that it may act as an allosteric PAK1 inhibitor. In this study, computational analysis was done with 15K to explore its quantum chemical and thermodynamic properties, molecular interactions and binding stability with PAK1, physicochemical properties, ADMET, bioactivities, and druglikeness features. Molecular docking analysis demonstrates 15K as a potent allosteric ligand that strongly binds to a novel allosteric site of PAK1 (binding energy ranges – 8.6 to – 9.2 kcal/mol) and does not target other PAK isoforms; even 15K shows better interactions than another synthesized PAK1 inhibitor. Molecular dynamics simulation clearly supports the stable binding properties of 15K with PAK1 crystal. Density functional theory-based calculations reveal that it can be an active drug with high softness and moderate polarity, and ADMET predictions categorize it as a non-toxic drug as evidenced by in vitro studies with brine shrimp and fibroblast cells. Structure–activity relationship clarifies the role of ester bond and triazol moiety of 15K in establishing novel allosteric interactions. Our results summarize that 15K selectively inhibits PAK1 as an allosteric inhibitor and in turn shows anticancer effects without toxicity.
High-sensitivity photo-electrochemical heterostructure of the cuprous oxide-metal organic framework for a dioctyl phthalate molecularly imprinted sensor
Authors: Gao Peng-Wei , Shen Ying-Zhuo , Ma Cheng , Xu Qin , Hu Xiao-Ya
Published: September 2021

A metal organic framework/Cu2O heterostructure was combined with a MIP for the construction of a sensitive, stable and selective DOP PEC sensor.
Homogeneous catalytic C(sp3)–H functionalization of gaseous alkanes
Authors: Pulcinella Antonio , Mazzarella Daniele , Noël Timothy
Published: September 2021

The conversion of light alkanes into bulk chemicals is becoming an important challenge as it effectively avoids the use of prefunctionalized alkylating reagents.
A Zn–S aqueous primary battery with high energy and flat discharge plateau
Authors: Luo Lian-Wei , Zhang Chong , Wu Xianyong , Han Changzhi , Xu Yunkai , Ji Xiulei , Jiang Jia-Xing
Published: September 2021

A primary battery with a high areal energy of 7.7 mW h cm−2 and a flat discharge plateau at around 0.7 V was developed by employing sulfur, Zn foil and 1 M ZnCl2 aqueous solution as the cathode, anode and electrolyte, respectively.
Engineering an acetyllysine reader with a photocrosslinking amino acid for interactome profiling
Authors: Roy Anirban , Barman Soumen , Padhan Jyotirmayee , Sudhamalla Babu
Published: September 2021

Site-specific incorporation and photocrosslinking ability of BzF have been demonstrated in the context of protein–protein interactions.
3D hollow cage copper cobalt sulfide derived from metal–organic frameworks for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Quan Yiling , Wang Guoxiang , Wang Dazhi , Xiao Jie , Gao Shiping , Xu Hongfeng , Liu Sa , Cui Li
Published: September 2021

The fabrication of the advanced MOF-based 3D hollow cage ternary bimetallic material CuCo2S4 for high performance asymmetric supercapacitors.
Cyclodextrin complexes of the anticonvulsant agent valproic acid
Authors: Vicatos A. I. , Caira M. R.
Published: September 2021

Valproic acid (VAL) forms complexes with natural and derivatised cyclodextrins (CDs). Stoichiometries were deduced from NMR spectra, thermal and X-ray diffraction analyses, the latter revealing modes of VAL inclusion in CDs for the first time.
Computational elucidation of the aging time effect on zeolite synthesis selectivity in the presence of water and diquaternary ammonium iodide
Authors: Ghanbari Bahram , Kazemi Zangeneh Fatemeh , Sastre German , Moeinian Maryam , Marhabaie Sina , Taheri Rizi Zahra
Published: September 2021

An example of zeolite selectivity (MFI → MOR) driven by synthesis aging time has been studied.
Novel molecularly imprinted malachite green bifunctional imprinted microspheres through Pickering emulsion polymerization
Authors: Wang Shi , Lei Chunsheng , Liu Shihao , Zhang Zhewei , Li Ruyi , Feng Siyang
Published: September 2021

The molecular imprinting process and solid particles confer MIP-MGs with excellent selective recognition and strong synergy of adsorption-photocatalysis towards MG removal.
Direct and indirect methods to optimize the muscular force response to a pulse train of electrical stimulation
Authors: Bakir Toufik , Bonnard Bernard , Bourdin Loïc , Rouot Jérémy
Published: September 2021

Recent force-fatigue mathematical models in biomechanics [7] allow to predict the muscular force response to functional electrical stimulation (FES) and leads to the optimal control problem of maximizing the force. The stimulations are Dirac pulses and the control parameters are the pulses amplitudes and times of application, the number of pulses is physically limited and the model leads to a sampled data control problem. The aim of this article is to present and compare two methods. The first method is a direct optimization scheme where a further refined numerical discretization is applied on the dynamics. The second method is an indirect scheme: first-order Pontryagin type necessary conditions are derived and used to compute the optimal sampling times.
Box-constrained optimization for minimax supervised learning
Authors: Gilet Cyprien , Barbosa Susana , Fillatre Lionel
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we present the optimization procedure for computing the discrete boxconstrained minimax classifier introduced in [1, 2]. Our approach processes discrete or beforehand discretized features. A box-constrained region defines some bounds for each class proportion independently. The box-constrained minimax classifier is obtained from the computation of the least favorable prior which maximizes the minimum empirical risk of error over the box-constrained region. After studying the discrete empirical Bayes risk over the probabilistic simplex, we consider a projected subgradient algorithm which computes the prior maximizing this concave multivariate piecewise affine function over a polyhedral domain. The convergence of our algorithm is established.
Multilevel minimization for deep residual networks
Authors: Gaedke-Merzhäuser Lisa , Kopaničáková Alena , Krause Rolf
Published: September 2021

We present a new multilevel minimization framework for the training of deep residual networks (ResNets), which has the potential to significantly reduce training time and effort. Our framework is based on the dynamical system’s viewpoint, which formulates a ResNet as the discretization of an initial value problem. The training process is then formulated as a time-dependent optimal control problem, which we discretize using different time-discretization parameters, eventually generating multilevel-hierarchy of auxiliary networks with different resolutions. The training of the original ResNet is then enhanced by training the auxiliary networks with reduced resolutions. By design, our framework is conveniently independent of the choice of the training strategy chosen on each level of the multilevel hierarchy. By means of numerical examples, we analyze the convergence behavior of the proposed method and demonstrate its robustness. For our examples we employ a multilevel gradient-based methods. Comparisons with standard single level methods show a speedup of more than factor three while achieving the same validation accuracy.
Multi-leader-follower potential games
Authors: Steffensen Sonja
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we discuss a particular class of Nash games, where the participants of the game (the players) are divided into two groups (leaders and followers) according to their position or influence on the other players. Moreover, we consider the case, when the leaders’ and/or the followers’ game can be described as a potential game. This is a subclass of Nash games that has been introduced by Monderer and Shapley in 1996 and has beneficial properties to reformulate the bilevel Nash game. We develope necessary and sufficient conditions for Nash equilibria and present existence and uniqueness results. Furthermore, we discuss some Examples to illustrate our results.

In this paper, we discussed analytical properties for multi-leader follower potential games, that form a subclass of hierarchical Nash games. The application of these theoretical results to various fields of applications are a future research topic. Moreover, they are meant to serve as a starting point for the developement of efficient numerical solution methods for multi-leader-follower games.
Leveraging American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Guidelines for Point-of-Care Decision Support in Obstetrics
Authors: Sanford Brittany H. , Labbad Gabriel , Hersh Alyssa R. , Heshmat Aya , Hasley Steve
Published: September 2021

Background The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) provides numerous narrative documents containing formal recommendations and additional narrative guidance within the text. These guidelines are not intended to provide a complete “care pathway” for patient management, but these elements of guidance can be useful for clinical decision support (CDS) in obstetrical and gynecologic care and could be exposed within electronic health records (EHRs). Unfortunately, narrative guidelines do not easily translate into computable CDS guidance.

Objective This study aimed to describe a method of translating ACOG clinical guidance into clear, implementable items associated with specific obstetrical problems for integration into the EHR.

Methods To translate ACOG clinical guidance in Obstetrics into implementable CDS, we followed a set of steps including selection of documents, establishing a problem list, extraction and classification of recommendations, and assigning tasks to those recommendations.

Results Our search through ACOG clinical guidelines produced over 500 unique documents. After exclusions, and counting only sources relevant to obstetrics, we used 245 documents: 38 practice bulletins, 113 committee opinions, 16 endorsed publications, 1 practice advisory, 2 task force and work group reports, 2 patient education, 2 obstetric care consensus, 60 frequently asked questions (FAQ), 1 women's health care guidelines, 1 Prolog series, and 9 others (non-ACOG). Recommendations were classified as actionable (n = 576), informational (n = 493), for in-house summary (n = 124), education/counseling (n = 170), policy/advocacy (n = 33), perioperative care (n = 4), delivery recommendations (n = 50), peripartum care (n = 13), and non-ACOG (n = 25).

Conclusion We described a methodology of translating ACOG narrative into a semi-structured format that can be more easily applied as CDS in the EHR. We believe this work can contribute to developing a library of information within ACOG that can be continually updated and disseminated to EHR systems for the most optimal decision support. We will continue documenting our process in developing executable code for decision support.
A novel micro-tensile system for full-field deformation measurement of thin films
Authors: Wu D. , Qian L. , Zhu P. F.
Published: September 2021

We propose a novel micro-tensile system fit for mechanical property characterization of low-dimensional materials. The micro-tensile system was integrated with a micro-tensile apparatus driven by a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) and an optical microscope. The displacement provided by the PZT actuator was amplified by a lever structure on the micro-tensile apparatus. A stalloy was designed to transmit the displacement and reduce the mechanical resistance to the PZT actuator. Quantitative analysis was conducted for the designed apparatus. A calibration experiment was performed based on the micro-scale digital image correlation under the optical microscope. To validate the feasibility, the PET film specimen with a V-notch was tested by the proposed system. The results indicate that the proposed micro-tensile system is reliable and powerful.
Theoretical analysis of structures and electronic spectra of molecular colloidal cadmium sulfide clusters and nanoplatelets
Authors: Nguyen Kiet A. , Pachter Ruth , Day Paul N.
Published: September 2021

In the present study, we systematically examine structures and absorption spectra for CdS nanoplatelets (NPLs) with thicknesses of two and three monolayers (2 MLs and 3 MLs) and extended lateral dimensions. These nanoplatelet model systems, passivated with formate and acetate ligands, are used to analyze the effects of quantum confinement in the lateral dimension within an extended monolayer and the effects of thickness when changing from two to three monolayers. Based on the computed cubic structures using density functional theory (DFT), we found good agreement between observed and time-dependent DFT-calculated spectra, revealing little ligand participation to influence the color and intensity of low-energy absorption bands as the structures are laterally extended to eight and seven monolayers for 2-ML and 3-ML systems, respectively. The spectral redshift for 3-ML CdS NPLs is attributed to the electron delocalization due to expansion of the nanoplatelet in the lateral and vertical directions.
How oxygen passivates polycrystalline nickel surfaces
Authors: Wong Chun-Shang , Wang Chen S. , Whaley Josh A. , Sugar Joshua D. , Kolasinski Robert D. , Thürmer Konrad
Published: September 2021

The passivation of polycrystalline nickel surfaces against hydrogen uptake by oxygen is investigated experimentally with low energy ion scattering (LEIS), direct recoil spectroscopy (DRS), and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). These techniques are highly sensitive to surface hydrogen, allowing the change in hydrogen adsorption in response to varying amounts of oxygen exposure to be measured. The chemical composition of a nickel surface during a mixed oxygen and hydrogen exposure was characterized with LEIS and DRS, while the uptake and activation energies of hydrogen on a nickel surface with preadsorbed oxygen were quantified with TDS. By and large, these measurements of how the oxygen and hydrogen surface coverage varied in response to oxygen exposure were found to be consistent with predictions of a simple site-blocking model. This finding suggests that, despite the complexities that arise due to polycrystallinity, the oxygen-induced passivation of a polycrystalline nickel surface against hydrogen uptake can be approximated by a simple site-blocking model.
Skyrmion based magnonic crystals
Authors: Chen Zhendong , Ma Fusheng
Published: September 2021

Magnonics is now an attractive field which focuses on the dynamic characteristics of magnons, a kind of quasiparticles in magnetic media, and attempts to apply magnons for functional devices. In order to construct magnon-based devices, it is necessary to fabricate materials with specific and tunable magnon bands and bandgaps. Skyrmion-based magnonic crystal is one of the most suitable materials which possess periodical skyrmion structure and show applicative magnon bands and bandgaps. In this review, we provide an overview over recent theoretical and experimental research on skyrmion-based magnonic crystals. We will first provide an introduction of magnonic crystals and magnetic skyrmion. Then, we will show the theoretical and experimental progress on skyrmion-based magnonic crystals and their magnon band characteristics. At the end, we will give an outlook and perspectives of new fascinating fields on topological nontrivial magnon modes, as well as hybrid and quantum magnonic phenomena of skyrmion-based magnonic crystals.
Efficacy and breadth of adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain nanoparticle vaccine in macaques
Authors: King Hannah A. D. , Joyce M. Gordon , Lakhal-Naouar Ines , Ahmed Aslaa , Cincotta Camila Macedo , Subra Caroline , Peachman Kristina K. , Hack Holly R. , Chen Rita E. , Thomas Paul V. , Chen Wei-Hung , Sankhala Rajeshwer S. , Hajduczki Agnes , Martinez Elizabeth J. , Peterson Caroline E. , Chang William C. , Choe Misook , Smith Clayton , Headley Jarrett A. , Elyard Hanne A. , Cook Anthony , Anderson Alexander , Wuertz Kathryn McGuckin , Dong Ming , Swafford Isabella , Case James B. , Currier Jeffrey R. , Lal Kerri G. , Amare Mihret F. , Dussupt Vincent , Molnar Sebastian , Daye Sharon P. , Zeng Xiankun , Barkei Erica K. , Alfson Kendra , Staples Hilary M. , Carrion Ricardo , Krebs Shelly J. , Paquin-Proulx Dominic , Karasavvas Nicos , Polonis Victoria R. , Jagodzinski Linda L. , Vasan Sandhya , Scott Paul T. , Huang Yaoxing , Nair Manoj S. , Ho David D. , de Val Natalia , Diamond Michael S. , Lewis Mark G. , Rao Mangala , Matyas Gary R. , Gromowski Gregory D. , Peel Sheila A. , Michael Nelson L. , Modjarrad Kayvon , Bolton Diane L.
Published: September 2021

Significance

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) that reduce the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines is a major threat to pandemic control. We evaluate a SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain ferritin nanoparticle protein vaccine (RFN) in a nonhuman primate challenge model that addresses the need for a next-generation vaccine with increased pan-SARS breadth of coverage. RFN, adjuvanted with a liposomal-QS21 formulation (ALFQ), elicits humoral and cellular immune responses with excellent breadth and potency against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs and SARS-CoV-1, and protects against high-dose respiratory tract challenge with SARS-CoV-2. Our results support consideration of RFN for vaccine development against multiple concerning members of the Sarbecovirus subgenus of
Betacoronaviruses
.
Effect of thickness variations of lithium niobate on insulator waveguide on the frequency spectrum of spontaneous parametric down-conversion*
Authors: Xue Guang-Tai , Tian Xiao-Hui , Zhang Chi , Xie Zhenda , Xu Ping , Gong Yan-Xiao , Zhu Shi-Ning
Published: September 2021

We study the effect of waveguide thickness variations on the frequency spectrum of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in the periodically-poled lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) waveguide. We analyze several variation models and our simulation results show that thickness variations in several nanometers can induce distinct effects on the central peak of the spectrum, such as narrowing, broadening, and splitting. We also prove that the effects of positive and negative variations can be canceled and thus lead to a variation-robust feature and an ultra-broad bandwidth. Our study may promote the development of on-chip photon sources in the LNOI platform, as well as opensup a way to engineer photon frequency state.
Effective Hamiltonians for almost-periodically driven quantum systems*
Authors: Viennot David
Published: September 2021

We present an effective Hamiltonian theory available for some quasi-periodically driven quantum systems which does not need the knowledge of the Fourier frequencies of the control signal. It could also be available for some chaotically driven quantum systems. It is based on the Koopman approach which generalizes the Floquet approach used with periodically driven systems. We show the properties of the quasi-energy states (eigenvectors of the effective Hamiltonian) as quasi-recurrent states of the quantum system.
The Fontaine-Mazur conjecture in the residually reducible case
Authors: Pan Lue
Published: September 2021

We prove new cases of Fontaine-Mazur conjecture on two-dimensional Galois representations overQ\mathbb {Q}when the residual representation is reducible. Our approach is via a semi-simple local-global compatibility of the completed cohomology and a Taylor-Wiles patching argument for the completed homology in this case. As a key input, we generalize the work of Skinner-Wiles in the ordinary case. In addition, we also treat the residually irreducible case at the end of the paper. Combining with people’s earlier work, we can prove the Fontaine-Mazur conjecture completely in the regular case whenp≥5p\geq 5.
Spectral upper bound for the torsion function of symmetric stable processes
Authors: Panzo Hugo
Published: September 2021

We prove a spectral upper bound for the torsion function of symmetric stable processes that holds for convex domains in

R

d

\mathbb {R}^d

. Our bound is explicit and captures the correct order of growth in

d
d

, improving upon the existing results of Giorgi and Smits [Indiana Univ. Math. J. 59 (2010), pp. 987–1011] and Biswas and Lőrinczi [J. Differential Equations 267 (2019), pp. 267–306]. Along the way, we make progress towards a torsion analogue of Chen and Song’s [J. Funct. Anal. 226 (2005), pp. 90–113] two-sided eigenvalue estimates for subordinate Brownian motion.
On the homotopy of closed manifolds and finite CW-complexes
Authors: Su Yang , Wu Xiaolei
Published: September 2021

We study the finite generation of homotopy groups of closed manifolds and finite CW-complexes by relating it to the cohomology of their fundamental groups. Our main theorems are as follows: when

X
X

is a finite CW-complex of dimension

n
n

and

π
1

(
X
)

\pi _1(X)

is virtually a Poincaré duality group of dimension

≥
n
−
1

\geq n-1

, then

π
i

(
X
)

\pi _i(X)

is not finitely generated for some

i
i

unless

X
X

is homotopy equivalent to the Eilenberg–MacLane space

K
(

π
1

(
X
)
,
1
)

K(\pi _1(X),1)

; when

M
M

is an

n
n

-dimensional closed manifold and

π
1

(
M
)

\pi _1(M)

is virtually a Poincaré duality group of dimension

≥
n
−
1

\ge n-1

, then for some

i
≤
[
n

/

2
]

i\leq [n/2]

,

π
i

(
M
)

\pi _i(M)

is not finitely generated, unless

M
M

itself is an aspherical manifold. These generalize theorems of M. Damian [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 361 (2009), pp. 1791–1809] from polycyclic groups to any virtually Poincaré duality groups.
Extremal problems for vanishing functions in Bergman spaces
Authors: Llinares Adrián , Vukotić Dragan
Published: September 2021

We prove two sharp estimates for the subspace of a standard weighted Bergman space that consists of functions vanishing at a given point (with prescribed multiplicity).
Finsler-Rellich inequalities involving the distance to the boundary
Authors: Barbatis G. , Paschalis M.
Published: September 2021

We study Rellich inequalities associated to higher-order elliptic operators in the Euclidean space. The inequalities are expressed in terms of an associated Finsler metric. In the case of a half-space we obtain the sharp constant while for a general convex domain we obtain estimates that are better than those obtained by comparison with the polyharmonic operator.
An averaging result for periodic solutions of Carathéodory differential equations
Authors: Novaes Douglas
Published: September 2021

This paper is concerned with the problem of existence of periodic solutions for perturbative Carathéodory differential equations. The main result provides sufficient conditions on the averaged equation that guarantee the existence of periodic solutions. Additional conditions are also provided to ensure the uniform convergence of a periodic solution to a constant function. The proof of the main theorem is mainly based on an abstract continuation result for operator equations.
Transmembrane channel-like 4 is involved in pH and temperature-dependent modulation of salty taste
Authors: Kasahara Yoichi , Narukawa Masataka , Kanda Shinji , Tominaga Makoto , Abe Keiko , Misaka Takumi , Asakura Tomiko
Published: September 2021

Human susceptibility to NaCl varies depending on temperature and pH, the molecular mechanisms of which remain unclear. The voltage-dependent chloride channel, transmembrane channel-like 4 (TMC4), is activated at approximately 40 °C and is suppressed at pH 5.5. As these are similar in character to human sensory evaluations, human TMC4 may be involved in human salt taste reception.
Magnetic inversion to recover the subsurface block structures based onL1 norm and total variation regularization
Authors: Utsugi Mitsuru
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a new sparse inversion method based on L1 norm regularization for 3-D magnetic data. In isolation, L1 norm regularization yields model elements which are unconstrained by the input data to be exactly zero, leading to a sparse model with compact and focused structure. Here, we complement the L1 norm with a penalty minimizing total variation, the L1 norm of the model gradients; it is expected that the sharp boundaries of the subsurface structure are not compromised by incorporating this penalty. Although this penalty is widely used in the geophysical inversion studies, it is often replaced by an alternative quadratic penalty to ease solution of the penalized inversion problem; in this study, the original definition of the total variation, that is form of the L1 norm of the model gradients, is used. To solve the problem with this combined penalty of L1 norm and total variation, this study introduces alternative direction method of multipliers, which is a primal-dual optimization algorithm that solves convex penalized problems based on the optimization of an augmented Lagrange function. To improve the computational efficiency of the algorithm to make this method applicable to large-scale magnetic inverse problems, this study applies matrix compression using the wavelet transform and the preconditioned conjugate gradient method. The inversion method is applied to both synthetic tests and real data, the synthetic tests demonstrate that, when subsurface structure is blocky, it can be reproduced almost perfectly.
Bernstein of Leigh v Skyviews & General Ltd [1978] QB 479, High Court (Queen’s Bench Division)
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bernstein of Leigh v Skyviews & General Ltd [1978] QB 479, High Court (Queen’s Bench Division). The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
R (on the application of Best) v Chief Land Registrar [2015] EWCA Civ 17, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R (on the application of Best) v Chief Land Registrar [2015] EWCA Civ 17, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Abbey National Building Society v Cann [1991] 1 AC 56, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Abbey National Building Society v Cann [1991] 1 AC 56, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
City of London Building Society v Flegg [1988] AC 54, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in City of London Building Society v Flegg [1988] AC 54, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Southern Pacific Mortgages v Scott [2014] UKSC 52, Supreme Court
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Southern Pacific Mortgages v Scott [2014] UKSC 52, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Ashburn Anstalt v WJ Arnold & Co. Ltd [1989] Ch 1, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Ashburn Anstalt v WJ Arnold & Co. Ltd [1989] Ch 1, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Binions v Evans [1972] Ch 359, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Binions v Evans [1972] Ch 359, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Street v Mountford [1985] AC 809, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Street v Mountford [1985] AC 809, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Cuckmere Brick Co. Ltd v Mutual Finance Ltd [1971] Ch 949, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Cuckmere Brick Co. Ltd v Mutual Finance Ltd [1971] Ch 949, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Mortgage Corporation v Shaire [2001] Ch 743, High Court (Chancery Division)
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Mortgage Corporation v Shaire [2001] Ch 743, High Court (Chancery Division). The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Re Citro [1991] Ch 142, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Re Citro [1991] Ch 142, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Wood v Waddington [2015] EWCA Civ 538, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Wood v Waddington [2015] EWCA Civ 538, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Crest Nicholson Residential (South) Ltd v McAllister [2004] EWCA Civ 410, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Crest Nicholson Residential (South) Ltd v McAllister [2004] EWCA Civ 410, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Federated Homes Ltd v Mill Lodge Properties Ltd [1980] 1 WLR 494, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Federated Lodge Homes Ltd v Mill Lodge Properties Ltd [1980] 1 WLR 494, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Rhone v Stephens [1994] 2 AC 310, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Rhone v Stephens [1994] 2 AC 310, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co. Ltd [1970] AC 1004
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co. Ltd [1970] AC 1004. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
JD v East Berkshire Community Health NHS Trust [2005] 2 AC 373
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in JD v East Berkshire Community Health NHS Trust [2005] 2 AC 373. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
McFarlane v Tayside Health Board [2000] 2 AC 59
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in McFarlane v Tayside Health Board [2000] 2 AC 59. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Page v Smith [1996] 1 AC 155
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Page v Smith [1996] 1 AC 155. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
McLoughlin v O’Brian [1983] 1 AC 410
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in McLoughlin v O’Brian [1983] 1 AC 410. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police [1992] 1 AC 310
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police [1992] 1 AC 310. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
White v Jones [1995] 2 AC 207
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in White v Jones [1995] 2 AC 207. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Nettleship v Weston [1971] 2 QB 691
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Nettleship v Weston [1971] 2 QB 691. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board [2015] UKSC 11
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board [2015] UKSC 11. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Barker v Corus UK Ltd [2006] 2 AC 572
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Barker v Corus UK Ltd [2006] 2 AC 572. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Gregg v Scott [2005] 2 AC 176
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Gregg v Scott [2005] 2 AC 176. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Docks & Engineering Co. Ltd (The Wagon Mound No 1) [1961] AC 388
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Docks & Engineering Co. Ltd (The Wagon Mound No 1) [1961] AC 388. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Reeves v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2000] 1 AC 360
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Reeves v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2000] 1 AC 360. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Tomlinson v Congleton BC [2004] 1 AC 46
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Tomlinson v Congleton BC [2004] 1 AC 46. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Wilkinson v Downton [1897] QB 57
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Wilkinson v Downton [1897] QB 57. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
St Helen’s Smelting Co. v Tipping [1865] 11 ER 642
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in St Helen’s Smelting Co. v Tipping [1865] 11 ER 642. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Coventry v Lawrence [2014] UKSC 13
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Coventry v Lawrence [2014] UKSC 13. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Stocker v Stocker [2019] UKSC 17
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Stocker v Stocker [2019] UKSC 17. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Re Goldcorp Exchange Ltd [1995] 1 AC 74, Privy Council
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Re Goldcorp Exchange Ltd [1995] 1 AC 74, Privy Council. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Neville Estates v Madden [1962] Ch 832, Chancery Division
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Neville Estates v Madden [1962] Ch 832, Chancery Division. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Re Denley’s Trust Deed [1969] 1 Ch 373, Chancery Division
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Re Denley’s Trust Deed [1969] 1 Ch 373, Chancery Division. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Cowan v Scargill [1985] Ch 270, Chancery Division
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Cowan v Scargill [1985] Ch 270, Chancery Division. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Saunders v Vautier (1841) Cr & Ph 240, 41 ER 482, Court of Chancery
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Saunders v Vautier (1841) Cr & Ph 240, 41 ER 482, Court of Chancery. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Vandervell v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1967] 2 AC 291, House of Lords
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Vandervell v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1967] 2 AC 291, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Re Vandervell’s Trusts (No 2) [1974] Ch 269, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Re Vandervell’s Trusts (No 2) [1974] Ch 269, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Barclays Bank Ltd v Quistclose Investments Ltd [1970] AC 567, House of Lords
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Barclays Bank Ltd v Quistclose Investments Ltd [1970] AC 567, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Lysaght v Edwards (1876) 2 Ch D 499, Chancery Division
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Lysaght v Edwards (1876) 2 Ch D 499, Chancery Division. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Royal Brunei Airlines Sdn Bhd v Tan [1995] 2 AC 378, Privy Council
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Royal Brunei Airlines Sdn Bhd v Tan [1995] 2 AC 378, Privy Council. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
AIB Group (UK) Plc v Mark Redler & Co Solicitors [2014] UKSC 58, Supreme Court
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in AIB Group (UK) Plc v Mark Redler & Co Solicitors [2014] UKSC 58, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Boardman v Phipps [1967] 2 AC 46, House of Lords
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Boardman v Phipps [1967] 2 AC 46, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Independent Trustee Services Ltd v GP Noble Trustees Ltd [2012] EWCA Civ 195, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Independent Trustee Services Ltd v GP Noble Trustees Ltd [2012] EWCA Civ 195, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Foskett v McKeown [2001] 1 AC 102, House of Lords
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Foskett v McKeown [2001] 1 AC 102, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Attorney-General’s Reference (No. 3 of 1994) [1998] AC 245, House of Lords
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Attorney-General’s Reference (No. 3 of 1994) [1998] AC 245, House of Lords. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v Cheshire [1991] 1 WLR 844, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Cheshire [1991] 1 WLR 844, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v Evans (Gemma) [2009] EWCA Crim 650, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Evans (Gemma) [2009] EWCA Crim 650, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v Stone and Dobinson [1977] 1 QB 354, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Stone and Dobinson [1977] 1 QB 354, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.