bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dhamânu Muntijâti al-Halâl li Himâyati Huqûqi al-Mustahlikîn
Authors: Nafis M Cholil
Published: March 2021

AbstractPatent has a prominent place in people’s lives, as it constitutes a basic engine of progress, and becomes measure of the progress and richness of nations. Countries that possess a huge percentage of patents occupy high positions among other countries and have political influence against other countries. Therefore, the countries of the world have agreed to conduct agreements to protect it, on top of which is the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). When the State of Indonesia agreed to sign this agreement, it had to provide legal cover in the field of patent through Law number 13 of 2016. After careful study of this law and Islamic jurisprudence, including its principles, and its purposes, the research sees that the Indonesian Law and Islamic Jurisprudence agree that patent is considered as wealth and property. So, they agree on the necessity of patent protection, and imposing the punishment for the aggressor. They also agree on the patent exploitation, whether it is personal exploitation or through a license contract. However, Islamic jurisprudence has established controls for the exploitation of innocence, the most important of which is that exploitation does not harm others. ملخص البحثالتشريع القانوني وضمان المنتجات الحلال للمستهلكين المسلمين من أهم أمر أساسي. وذلك أن من واجبات المسلم أن لا يقتصرالاهتمام باستهلاك المنتجات الخالية من المخاطر الكيميائية والمواد الضارة بالصحة، بالإضافة إلى ذلك فلابد أيضا أن يهتم بحلال المنتجات من ناحية ماهيتها ومعالجتها وفقا للتشريع الإسلامي. وكذلك يجب أن تكون منتجات الملابس مطهرة وليست مصنوعة من أشياء نجسة، لأنها تفسد العبادة والصحة النفسية. دستور الدولة والقوانين واللوائح التي نتص على ضمان منتجات الحلال هي دليل على التزام الحكومة بالتواجد في توفير الحماية للمسلمين هم أعظم المستهلكين في إندونيسيا. أصبح القانون رقم 33 سنة 2014 بشأن ضمان المنتج الحلال والذي دخل حيز التنفيذ في 17 أكتوبر 2019، هو نقطة البداية أن الدولة توفر ضمانات وحمايات لمواطنيها للحصول على الغذاء والأدوية والمواد المستهلكة وفقًا لإرشادات الإيمان. ومع ذلك، فإن تنفيذ القانون وتطبيقه لا يزال يحتوي على استثنائية السلطة التقديرية (حرية التصرف) بشأن رسومات الكلفة حيث أصبحت عملية تفتيش الحلال تحت رعاية سلطة منظمة تحليل الغذاء والأدوية مستحضرات التجميل عضو مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي حتى صدور قرار وزير المالية بشأن رسومات كلفة خدمة شهادة الحلال. ولا تزال هذه استثنائية السلطة التقديرية (حرية التصرف) تؤثر بشكل أو بآخر على برنامج إلزام شهادة الحلال لكل منتجات يتم تسويقها في إندونيسيا من خلال إلصاق علامة/ختم الحلال.
Moluccas Local Wisdom in the Role of Marriage Arbitrator for Preventing Domestic Violence
Authors: Lonthor Ahmad , Jamaa La
Published: March 2021

This research aims to reveal the Moluccas local wisdom through the existence of marriage arbitrators among Muslim community in Salahutu, Leihitu, and West Leihitu, Central Maluku. The data were collected through observation and interviews with community leaders, marriage arbitrators and their married sisters and then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The research results showed that the marriage arbitrators come from a male distant relative who was appointed by custom as a part of the marriage custom. The appointment aims to strengthen the family relationship between the bride (married sister) and the arbitrator in which they can help each other. Traditionally, an arbitrator serves to help the bride in both material and non-material aspects, particularly in preventing domestic violence. He can become a mediator, peacemaker, and helper of the economic hardship as well as preventing the married sister from psychological domestic violence. Furthermore, he can also provide protection for his married sister from the threat of her husband’s physical violence. This research found that the role of marriage arbitrators as peacemakers in preventing husband’s violence against their married sisters is relevant to hakamain concept in Islamic law as well as the provisions of "safe houses by the community," in Law No. 23/2004.(Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan peran kearifan lokal saudara kawin  pada masyarakat Muslim di Kecamatan Salahutu, Leihitu dan Leihitu Barat Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara kepada tokoh masyarakat, saudara kawin dan saudari kawin kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa saudara kawin adalah laki-laki dari kerabat jauh yang diangkat secara adat sebagai bagian dari adat perkawinan. Hal itu bertujuan untuk mempererat hubungan kekeluargaan antara saudara kawin dengan saudari kawinnya di mana keduanya bias saling membantu. Secara adat, saudara kawin bertugas membantu mempelai perempuan (istri) dalam hal material maupun non-material, utamanya untuk mencegah tindak kekerasan dalam rumah tangga si saudari kawin. Saudara kawin bisa berperan sebagai penengah, juru damai, sekaligus membantu kesulitan ekonomi keluarga saudari kawinnya, termasuk mencegah terjadinya kekerasan psikis saudari kawinnya. Lebih jauh, saudara kawin juga bisa berperan melindungi saudari kawinnya dari ancaman kekerasan fisik suaminya. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran saudara kawin sebagai juru damai yang mencegah kekerasan suami kepada istri relevan dengan konsep hakamain dalam hukum Islam serta ketentuan ”rumah aman oleh masyarakat,” dalam Undang-undang RI Nomor 23 Tahun 2004)
PERILAKU HOMOSEKSUAL DALAM PANDANGAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Mahmud Latief
Published: March 2021

Penyaluran syahwat diatur secara gamblang oleh al-Quran yaitu dengan melalui jalur pernikahan. Dan pernikahan harus dilakukan antara dua jenis kelamin yang berbeda, laki-laki dengan perempuan. Karena itu, penyaluran syahwat antar sesama jenis seperti yang digambarkan dalam al-Qur’ân sebagaimana perilaku kaum Nabi Luth sangat dikutuk dan dilarang oleh al-Qur’ân. Namun demikian, masih banyak yang memanfaatkan cara tersebut (homoseksual), baik antar sesama laki-laki disebut kaum gay maupun antar sesama perempuan disebut kaum lesbiyan. Tulisan ini mengelaborasi secara detail pandangan hukum Islam tentang homoseksual baik dilihat dari aspek hukumnya maupun bentuk hukumannya.
INTERRELASI PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM DAN POLITIK MENUJU TATANAN KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT MODERN DAN DEMOKRATIS
Authors: Hariyanto Erie
Published: March 2021

Hukum dan politik mempunyai hubungan erat yang tidak terpisahkan. Hukum merupakan produk politik sedangkan politik terbentuk karena berpegang pada hukum. Semua itu diwujudkan untuk mengatur tatanan hidup bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara. Tulisan ini mengelaborasi tentang politik dan negara, stabilitas politik dan kepastian hukum, kekuasaan politik demi negara hukum, serta instrumen politik dan politik hukum, sebagai upaya untuk mewujudkan negara yang modern dan demokratis. Untuk mewujudkan tujuan bersama tersebut pemerintah dalam suatu negara senantiasa menciptakan stabilitas politik sehingga keputusan-keputusan hukum dapat dilaksanakan secara konsisten dalam upaya menuju kepada kepastian hukum, demi ketertiban dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Di samping itu politik hukum yang diterapkan oleh lembaga-lembaga kenegaraan juga harus mampu menampung semua aspirasi yang berkembang dalam masyarakat.
SOSIOLOGI HUKUM ISLAM (Analisis Terhadap Pemikiran M. Atho’ Mudzhar)
Authors: Ridla M Rasjid
Published: March 2021

Sebagai sesuatu yang tidak muncul eksis dalam ruang hampa, jelas, hukum Islam merupakan fenomena budaya dan fenomena sosial sekaligus. Kenyataan ini menyadarkan kita bahwa dalam melakukan studi hukum Islam, penggunaan perspektif ilmu-ilmu budaya dan ilmu-ilmu sosial merupakan suatu keniscayaan dalam meneropong hukum Islam. Artikel ini, berusaha memotret gagasan M. Atho’ Mudzhar tentang sosiologi hukum Islam, yang dapat mengambil beberapa tema yakni studi mengenai pengaruh agama terhadap perubahan masyarakat, studi tentang pengaruh struktur dan perubahan masyarakat terhadap pemahaman ajaran agama atau konsep keagamaan, studi tentang tingkat pengamalan beragama masyarakat, studi tentang pola sosial masyarakat Muslim dan studi tentang gerakan masyarakat yang membawa paham yang dapat melemahkan atau menunjang kehidupan beragama.
PEREMPUAN DALAM PERSIDANGAN; Kasus Cerai Gugat di Pengadilan Agama Pamekasan
Authors: Musawwamah Siti
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian tentang “Realitas Perjuangan” kaum perempuan dalam persidangan kasus cerai gugat di Pengadilan Agama Pamekasan. Cerai gugat sesungguhnya merupakan alternatif dari berbagai pilihan yang dilakukan oleh istri sebagai suatu keputusan untuk mencari solusi dari kemelut problem kerumahtanggaan yang rumit dan memuncak. Dalam perspektif keadilan dan kesetaraan jender putusan cerai gugat di Pengadilan Agama Pamekasan belum merefleksikan keadilan bagi bekas istri karena ketaatan hakim pada asas “Ultra Petitum Partium” yang berlebihan. Seharusnya secara exofficio dalam memutus perkara percerian hakim mempunyai kewenangan untuk memutus juga hak-hak bekas istri meskipun didalam gugatan cerai hak-hak tersebut tidak dituntut karena hak-hak tersebut memang merupakan akibat hukum dari perceraian yang dijamin oleh undang-undang.
PENTINGNYA PENCANTUMAN LABEL PANGAN PADA PRODUK-PRODUK PANGAN/CAMILAN UNTUK PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Supraptiningsih Umi
Published: March 2021

Pada kenyataannya walaupun seperangkat aturan baik yang mengatur tentang pelabelan, iklan serta Perlindungan Konsumen sudah ada tetapi tidak diikuti dengan itikat baik dari para pelaku usaha yaitu tetap dengan prinsip mencari keuntungan setinggi-tinggi dengan modal yang serendah-rendahnya tanpa memperhatikan asas kemanusiaan (kesehatan dan jiwa), maka tetap tidak ada perlindungan terhadap konsumen.
EVOLUSI SYARÎ'AH (Mencabar Ikhtiyar An-Na’im menuju Rekonsiliasi Syarî'ah dan HAM)
Authors: Hefni Moh
Published: March 2021

Perjumpaan antara dunia Muslim dan peradaban sejak abad ke-19 M membawa implikasi berupa ketersisihan hukum Islâm (syarî'ah) dari posisi sentralnya. Ketika dunia Muslim secara politis terlepas dari hegemoni Barat, persoalan yang muncul adalah bagaimana menformulasikan syarî'ah  agar kompatibel dengan standar HAM universal. Dalam konteks inilah, An-Na'im menawarkan gagasan evolusi syarî'ah,  sebuah upaya untuk merekonsiliasi ketegangan antara syarî'ah dan HAM universal. Dalam proyek ini, An-Na'im mula-mula membedakan secara kategoris antara syarî'ah historis (Madânîyah) dan syarî'ah moderen(Makkîyah).  Menurutnya, syarî'ah historis sudah tidak relevan lagi untuk menjawab berbagai persoalan kontemporer. Karenanya, melalui teori naskh, ia harus ditangguhkan pemberlakuannya dan diganti dengan syarî'ah moderen yang dinilai dapat memenuhi kebutuhan kontemporer sesuai dengan standar HAM universal.
BANK SYARÎ'AH DAN TAKÂFUL (Sebuah Kajian Evaluatif-Reflektif atas Perkembangan Bank Syarî'ah dan Takâful di Indonesia)
Authors: Hadi Sofian
Published: March 2021

Islâm menjiwai dan mewarnai perilaku manusia dalam berpikir, bersikap maupun bertindak dengan batas-batas yang telah di tetapkan, dalam rangka pengabdian kepada Allah swt. Setelah melalui perdebatan sengit selama berabad-abad tentang perilaku bunga uang (ribâ, interest) dalam menentukan perilaku ekonomi manusia, antara diharamkan atau dibolehkan, kini muncul di hadapan kita keputusan di mana terbuka jalan bagi yang mengharamkan bunga dan bagi yang membolehkan atau bahkan mengharuskannya dengan konsep yang lebih Islâmî dan dapat diterima oleh berbagai pihak terutama mayoritas penduduk Indonesia yang notabene beragama Islâm dengan apa yang dikenal sebagai bank syarî'ah dan takâful (asuransi Islâm). Melalui kedua lembaga inilah kita berharap dapat menyaksikan pada satu saat terwujudnya “gurita” ekonomi umat yang dahsyat, apabila terjadi kerjasama mudlarabah di tingkat kelembagaan ekonomi syarî'ah (BMI, BSI, BPRS, BMT dan STI) dengan berpedoman pada ta’âwanû ‘alâ al-birr wa al-taqwâ, wa lâ ta'âwanû alâ al-itsm wa al-udwân. Kerjasama ini hendaklah profesional. Untuk itu perlu dibangun manajemen yang Islâmî, yang didukung dengan sumber daya terampil, yang bekerja dengan keyakinan dan teguh dalam pendirian serta memiliki moral atau akhlaq yang luhur.
PARADIGMA UTILITARIANISTIK DALAM ISTINBÂTH HUKUM ISLÂM
Authors: Ridla Moh Rasyid
Published: March 2021

Dalam perjalanan sejarahnya, hukum Islâm merupakan suatu kekuatan yang dinamis dan kreatif. Dengan berlalunya waktu, ia kemudian menjelma ke dalam kristalisasi madzhab-madzhab fiqh yang akhirnya mengarah pada penutupan pintu ijtihâd. Tentu saja, penutupan pintu ijtihâd ini secara logis mengarahkan kepada kebutuhan taqlid. Keadaan menimbulkan kesadaran para fuqahâ’ menuju kebutuhan akan pembukaan kembali pintu ijtihâd. Dalam pada itu, muncul tiga pendekatan dalam kajian dan istinbâth hukum Islâm, yaitu pendekatan tekstualis, liberalis, dan kontekstualis. Pendekatan terakhir ini, yang mengembangkan paradigma utilitarianistik, lahir sebagai akibat kegagalan tektualisme dan kesewenang-wenangan dalam penafsiran al-Qur’ân sebagaimana yang dilakukan oleh kaum liberal. Namun demikian, paradigma utilitarianistik terbagi ke dalam dia bagian, yaitu utilitarianistik-literal, yang berpandangan bahwa kemaslahatan selalu ditundukkan di bawah hegemoni teks dan paradigma utilitarianistik-liberal yang memosisikan peran akal secara besar-besar dalam menentukan mashlahah.
KEBIJAKAN TERTIB ADMINISTRASI PERTANAHAN DESA
Authors: Supraptiningsih Umi
Published: March 2021

Penertiban administrasi desa merupakan langkah awal menuju perlindungan dan kepastian hukum. Tindakan harus dilakukan oleh kepala desa atau kepala kelurahan dengan melakukan pencatatan atas bidang-bidang tanah, bilamana terjadi peralihan atau pembebanan hak atas tanah. Penerapan berbagai peraturan merupakan tindakan preventif dalam menjaga dan melindungi hak warganya serta tanah aset desa (tanah kas desa) tersebut. Berkenaan dengan tanah kas desa, perlu dilakukan pendaftaran tanah, sehingga ada kepastian hukum. Tidak dilakukan peralihan dan pembebanan hak atas tanah kas desa kecuali untuk kepentingan umum, begitu pula hasil pembayaran ganti ruginya harus dibelikan tanah kas desa lagi yang kualitasnya sama atau lebih bagus.
PENGEMBANGAN BANK SYARI’AH DAN MENSYARI’AHKAN BANK SYARI’AH
Authors: Firmansyah Farid
Published: March 2021

Sekitar  80% penduduk Indonesia menganut agama Islam, suatu komunitas yang tidak bisa dibilang sedikit tentunya. Sebagai negara Muslim terbesar di dunia, Indonesia sudah sewajarnya menjadi pelopor bahkan panutan dalam peran sertanya untuk pengembangan industri perbankan syari’ah. Dari data demografi terdapat sekitar 1,3 miliar muslim di dunia yang merepresentasikan 20% dari populasi dunia dan memiliki total kontribusi mendekati 10% pada GNP Dunia. Pengembangan bank syari’ah merupakan salah satu alat bagi dunia Islam umumnya dan Indoneisa khususnya untuk mewujudkan kemandiriannya dalam perekonomian, tanpa harus lagi mengharapkan bantuan lembaga dunia lainnya, seperti IMF, Bank Dunia, dll. Di dunia Internasional pun, perbankan syari’ah telah memiliki kesiapan memasuki era perdagangan bebas dan juga memiliki counterpart di setiap negara sehingga jaringan yang dimiliki juga relatif lengkap dan luas. Sehingga perbankan syari’ah mampu memberikan pelayanan yang efektif dalam segi waktu dan efisien dalam segi keuangan.
KEDUDUKAN DAN PERAN ADVOKAT DALAM PROSES PENYELESAIAN PERKARA PIDANA
Authors: Rifai Achmad
Published: March 2021

The position of advocates (lawyers) as a law advisors in any process of investigation must be central, in terms of that they must place themselves as the representatives of the suspect to get the an appropriate rights. It is mistaken that an advocate acts from the side of attorney as general prosecutor.  In the course of law enforcement, it has been fairly set up either the roles of attorney representing the victim or the demanded person, the suspect. During the process of investigation, the investigator (attorney or police officer) is standing for the victim, nevertheless the suspects are represented by an advocate as their law advisor. In the level of prosecution, the victim must be put up with an attorney as the general prosecutor; the advocate, as the law advisor, represents the suspect.
PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI KERAKYATAAN MELALUI LEMBAGA KEUANGAN SYARÎ’AH
Authors: - Wadhan
Published: March 2021

UKM is the business maker of the lowest level marketing. Theaim of the empowerment of UKM is that to grow and toaccelerate a strong business ability, independent, andcompetition power against abroad products. It is a proper choiceto use Syariah banking for UKM financing. Syariah banking has agreat opportunity to develop macro banking in order to reformIndonesian economy.
BURGELIJK WETBOEK (Menelusuri Sejarah Hukum Pemberlakuannya di Indonesia)
Authors: Hariyanto Erie
Published: March 2021

Burgelijk Wetboek or the book of civil law is historicallyderived from Dutch. It has been applied on the basis ofconcordancy principle; in fact, the legislative institutionhas not published civil laws that being coded and unifiedyet. It is urgent to apply new laws that exclusively managelaw of contract (in particular or general) as a part of civillaws, in order to support the economic activity of nation.Dutch has already revised their own Burgelijk Weboek thathas been applied in Indonesia.
AKTUALISASI MAKNA SYARÎ’AH DAN FIQH DALAM KONSEP HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Saladin Bustami
Published: March 2021

Islamic law is in accordance with its dimension in a history, thatmakes the content of the study in its dimension always appearsany system or method. That’s why in Rasulullah saw era,Islamic law is based on Allah swt’s revelation and Rasulullah’sjudgment, namely, Islamic law in Alquran and Sunnahperspectives. The purpose of declaring Islamic law is applyingand protecting the benefit for people. It is applied in Islamic lawthat concerns all aspects of human life that has three aspects:dharûriyah (primary), hajiyah (secondary), and tahnisiyah(complementary).
WANITA DAN UNDANG-UNDANG (Perspektif Undang-Undang Harta dan Muamalat di Malaysia)*
Authors: Mahamood Siti Mashitoh
Published: March 2021

This writing will discuss the problem of women and law thatfocus on anything related with the regulation of treasure andmuamalat in Malaysia nowadays. But this writing will not discussit in detail because of some limitations. Therefore, the writer willonly talk about very important and urgent things to discuss byreferring to the regulation in Malaysia, both Islamic law andconventional regulation.
TRANSAKSI MATA UANG DALAM PANDANGAN ISLAM
Authors: Abidin Zainal
Published: March 2021

The trading of money in modern era is very important tocontrol and balance of global economic. Over this system,the procces of global trading are exist and more easier.Baut in other side according to Islamic concept thetrading of maney have to follow the patterns arerecommaded. This article want to explain about thepattern about Islamic concept in the money trading. Theminimal target is may be can give inspiration and spiritin money trading. The target is not impossible if we mantto do effort to do something especially in the system oftransaction, the statement of transaction, etc. To changethe all of methode in the modern/commercial system inthe money trading is imposible but create the newsystem mhich the convergent between Islamic andcommercial system in trading of money is impoosibleand be the target.
POLITIK HUKUM PIDANA DALAM UPAYA PENGHAPUSAN KEKERASAN RUMAH TANGGA SEBAGAI WUJUD PENGAKUAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN HAM
Authors: Nadir Nadir
Published: March 2021

Violence in household such as physical, psychological, sexualand economical violence is a form of criminal action happens inhousehold in which the doer and victim are from the samehousehold. The way of penal policy through the government insolution of violence in household is formed in norm codificationof positive law (positive wettelijk), by carrying out UU number 23of 2004 about abolition of violence in a household. Thisregulation is a form of government attention to human rights(HAM), and gender, non discrimination and the protection ofviolence victims in a household.
MAQÂSHID AL-SYARÎ’AH AL-SYÂTHÎBÎ (Sebuah Upaya untuk Menyingkap Tujuan Asasi Formulasi Hukum Islam)
Authors: Abdul Jalil Abdul Jalil
Published: March 2021

Abstract: The al-Qur’ân is the only source of law by muslims believed to contain the rules guidelines and guidence to live in the word and the hereafter. Understand it (al-Qur’ân) requires a skill as well expertise, especially in the filed of linguistics  (rule lughâwiyyah) so as to understand the meaning of the word of god as defailed in the al-qur’ân. But god’s law is written in mushhaf sheets are also has the meaning that can be understood from what is implied  behind the text, a fundamental goal (maqâshid al-syarî’ah) of legal provisions in nashshîyyah. In the article the author wants to give an alternative understanding of the idea of a reformer of islamic legal thought that al-Syâthîbî in maqâshid al-syarî’ah outlines in his monumental work. Entitled al-muwâfaqât fî usûl al-syarî’ah . Whit this idea, the observer of islamic law is expected in understanding the law of god is not mely because there is an assessment tekts, but also expected more attention to and consider the fundamental purpose of the establishment of law of god. Key Words: al-Qur’ân, maqâshid al-syarî’ah, al-Syâthîbi, dan mashlahah
EDUKASI MARKETING BANK SYARÎ’AH
Authors: Wadhan Wadhan
Published: March 2021

Abstract: Marketing is a significant aspect to increase consumer trust. Hence, it is essential to educate the consumer with the lesson of the importance of syarî’ah products concerning the marketing aspects. In fact, many banks serves the customer with syariah service in Indonesia.  The basic concept of spiritual marketing is the managements of creation, taste, heart and work (the implementation). Those concepts are under the guidence of faith integrity, obidience, and loyality to Allâh swt. The key of ethics and moral of business is truly placed on the doers. A Muslim busines manager must hold tightly the ethic and moral of business that cope –khusn al-huluq, trusty, dan tolerant. There are three marketing strategies of syariah banking; marker driven strategic, viral marketing way, and fish net strategy. Element of  mega marketing that had been intruduced by Rasûlullâh since the fifteenth century, and now can be adopted to any kinds of businesses including syariah banking. Key Words: Marketing, Marketer, dan Mega Marketing
PERDA SYARI’AH DAN KONFLIK SOSIAL (Implikasi penerapan Perda No. 4 tahun 2005 tentang Larangan Kegiatan pada Bulan Ramadlan terhadap Hubungan antar Agama di Kota Banjarmasin)
Authors: Siti Tarawiyah Siti Tarawiyah
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Tulisan ini sebagai refleksi kreatif penulis dalam memotret dinamika sosial di Kota Banjarmasin Kalimantan Selatan terkait lahirnya Perda No. 4 tahun 2005 tentang Perubahan atas  Peraturan Daerah No. 13 tahun 2003 tentang Larangan Kegiatan pada Bulan Ramadlan terhadap Hubungan antar Agama. Sebagai implikasi politik diberlakukannya otonomi daerah, maka pemerintah daerah mempunyai ‘kewenangan’ untuk membuat peraturan daerah (perda) termasuk Perda Syari’ah. Penelitian lapangan ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan kerangka teori konflik Karl Marx dan Ralf Dahrendorf. Temuan menarik dari tulisan ini adalah munculnya perda syar’iah (Perda Ramadlan) tersebut menimbulkan pro-kontra, karena cenderung dijadikan alat memperkuat kekuasaan, politisasi agama, dan diskriminasi etnis minoritas, sehingga sangat berpotensi mengundang konflik, yakni konflik vertikal (antara masyarakat versus aparat) dan konflik horizontal (masyarakat mayoritas versus minoritas) dan yang lebih tragis lagi berdampak negatif pada hubungan antar agama. Secara prinsip Perda Ramadlan secara substantif tidak memberikan dampak yang signifikan dalam hubungan antar agama di Banjarmasin, terbatasnya akses ekonomi kalangan pedagang. Meski demikian, masyarakat Banjarmasin dalam mensikapi Perda Ramadlan tersebut tidak anarkhis artinya masih mensikapi secara arif dan damai.   Abstract: This article is creative reflection of social dynamic in Banjarmasin city, South Kalimantan relating the release of Perda (local official regulation) No. 4. Tahun 2005 of alteration on the previous Perda No. 13 Tahun 2003 of activities prohibition during Ramadlan (fasting month) toward inter-religion relations. As the political implication of local-government autonomy, local government has “authority” to establish Perda including syari’ah Perda. This is a field study that apply a qualitative approach using theoretical framework of Karl Marx and Ralf Dahrendorf. The research findings show that the release of syari’ah perda causes pro and anti. It seems become a tool to strengthen the power, religious politicization, and minority ethnic descrimination. It can cause conflicts; a horizontal conflict -minor against major society; a vertical conflict -society against government. It gives bad impact toward religion relations. The perda of ramadlan does not substantively contribute a significant impact on the religious relationship in Banjarmasin. On the other hand, Banjarmasin people do not react it anarchically, they even perform wise and peaceful attitude. Kata-kata Kunci: Perda Ramadlan, konflik vertikal, dan konflik horisontal
PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI SYARÎ’AH BERDASARKAN PSAK NOMOR 59 DAN PAPSI DI PTAI
Authors: Wadhan Wadhan
Published: March 2021

Akuntansi syarî’ah adalah akuntansi yang berorientasi sosial.Artinya akuntansi ini tidak hanya sebagai alat untukmenerjemahkan fenomena ekonomi dalam bentuk ukuranmoneter tetapi juga sebagai suatu metode menjelaskanbagaimana fenomena ekonomi itu berjalan dalam masyarakatIslâm. Prinsip- prinsip umum akuntansi syarî’ah yang menjadidasar universal dalam operasional akuntansi syarî’ah, yaitu:prinsip pertanggungjawaban, prinsip keadilan, prinsipkebenaran. Operasional bank syarî’ah terdiri dari dua aktivitasutama yaitu kegiatan penghimpunan dana atau pendanaan(funding) dan kegiatan pembiayaan (financial).
MENJADI WAKIL TUHAN (Memahami Pemikiran Khalid M. Abou El Fadl tentang Konsep Otoritas Penafsir Pesan Tuhan)
Authors: - Kadi
Published: March 2021

Tulisan ini mencabar konsep otoritas, terutama dalam bidanghukum Islam, menurut Khaled M. Abou El Fadl. Sistematikayang digunakan olehnya dalam menuangkan gagasannyatersebut adalah pertama-tama menjelaskan latar belakangmunculnya krisis otoritas. Kemudian dia menjelaskan konsepotoritas secara umum dengan mengadopsi pemikiranFriedman yang membedakan otoritas persuasif dari otoritasyang bersifat koersif. Melalui pembahasan yang sangatsistematis-analitis, kemudian dia menawarkan konsepotoritas dalam Islam yang harus memenuhi lima kriteria yangmenurutnya harus dipenuhi oleh seorang pemegang otoritas,yakni para ahli hukum, agar produk hukum yangdihasilkannya mendapat legitimasi kuat dan berlakuuniversal. Kelima prasyarat tersebut adalah kejujuran(honesty), kesungguhan (diligence), menyeluruh(comprehensiveness), rasionalitas (reasonableness), danpengendalian diri (self restraint). Dengan konsep otoritas yangdia tawarkan, dia ingin menggugat kemapanan ilmu dantradisi hukum Islam yang menurutnya telah “menempati”dan “melampaui” otoritas Tuhan. Orang-orang yangmendeklarasikan dirinya sebagai para wakil Tuhandipandang olehnya sebagai sikap otoritarianisme.
ZAKAT DALAM SEJARAH UMAT PRA-KENABIAN MUHAMMAD
Authors: Zamzami Mohammad Subhan
Published: March 2021

Al-Qur`an dan Hadits sering menyinggung persoalanpersamaan dan perbedaan ritual antara Islam dengan Kristendan Yahudi yang sama-sama sebagai agama sah Ibrahim.Salah satu persamaan ritual tersebut adalah kewajibanmengeluarkan zakat. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis mengkajipersoalan zakat dalam syarî’ah terdahulu denganmenggunakan metode tafsir tematik. Dalam kaitan ini, al-Qur`an menampilkan kata zakah dalam tiga gaya bahasa(uslûb). Pertama, menggunakan uslûb insyâ’iy, yaitu berupaperintah, dengan menggunakan kata âtû, anfiqû, dan khuzh.Kedua, menggunakan uslûb targhîb (motivatif). Ketiga,menggunakan uslûb tarhîb (intimidasi). Keempat,menggunakan uslûb madh (pujian). Karena fokus penelitian inihanya menyangkut ayat-ayat pokok tentang zakat terdahulu,maka hanya kata-kata dalam ayat pokok itu yang dianalisisberdasarkan tiga gaya bahasa (uslûb) ini. Dalam surat Maryamayat 31, al-Qur`an menggunakan kata awshâ, dalam suratMaryam ayat 55, al-Qur`an menggunakan kata ya’muru,dalam surat al-Anbiyâ’ ayat 73, al-Qur`an menggunakangabungan kata awhâ dan îtâ’, dalam surat al-Baqarah ayat 83,al-Qur`an menggunakan kata âtû, dalam surat al-Mâ’idahayat 12, al-Qur`an menggunakan gabungan kata umirû danâtaytum. Dalam keenam ayat di atas, al-Qur`an sama-samamenggunakan gaya bahasa perintah (uslûb insyâ’î). Ini bisadibuktikan dengan konsekuensi serius bagi pengingkar zakat.
PERNIKAHAN LINTAS AGAMA DALAM PANDANGAN KAUM FUNDAMENTALIS
Authors: Arifin Tajul
Published: March 2021

Ketentuan hukum perkawinan antaragama telahdinyatakan secara tegas dalam al-Qur`an. Paling tidakada tiga mainstream pemikiran dalam masalah ini. Pertamamengharamkan secara mutlak perkawinan beda agama.Kedua, membolehkan dengan syarat tertentu. Ketigamembolehkan tanpa syarat. Ketiga pendapat inimerupakan hasil interpretasi terhadap QS. al-Mâ`idah (5):5, QS. al-Baqarah (2): 22, dan QS. al-Mumtahanah (60): 10.Karenanya, kajian ini diarahkan pada bagaimanapandangan ulamâ’ fundamentalis terhadap pernikahanlintas agama. Dalam kajian ini, penulis menggunakanmetode kualitatif, yaitu dengan cara pengamatan,wawancara secara bebas terhadap sumber-sumber yangtelah ditentukan, dan pemanfaatan atau penelaahandokumen. Lokasi yang dipilih adalah Solo, karena kota inidipandang sebagai sarang kaum fundamentalis.Sedangkan mengenai respon yang diberikan beberapaulamâ` fundamentalis di solo terhadap persoalan ini,hampir semua jawaban yang penulis dapatkan sangatlahnormatif. Karena bagi mereka persoalan produk hukumagama haruslah difahami secara fundamental, karenakeputusan Tuhan yang ada dalam al-Qur`an merupakankeputusan final dalam persoalan apa pun, kecuali jikabelum secara jelas tertera.
KORBAN SANTET DALAM PERSPEKTIF ANTROPOLOGI KESEHATAN DAN HUKUM ISLAM DI KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN
Authors: Thabrani Abdul Mukti
Published: March 2021

Semakin marak berita-berita dan juga cerita dariorang-orang tentang pengalaman baik bagi dirinyasendiri mau pun teman, kenalan dan keluargamereka tentang santet, sihir, tenung dan “saudarasaudaranya”atau pengaruh ilmu hitam yang"dikirimkan" oleh seseorang kepada orang lain.Tulisan berikut ingin mengungkap berbagai konsep,pendapat, dan pemahaman arti santet yang adadalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan fokus masalahpersepsi korban santet terhadap penyakit akibatsantet yang dialaminya, pola-pola kepercayaan sertapengobatan yang dilakukan oleh para informan dankeluarganya, serta perspektif hukum Islammemandang berbagai pengobatan santet dimasyarakat.
PERLAKUAN ELIT MUSLIM TERHADAP AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Zahid Moh.
Published: March 2021

Fungsionalisasi al-Qur’an seharusnya dimulai dari para elit muslim, baik intensitas maupun cara berinteraksinya dengan kitab sucinya itu. Dari penelitian ini terlihat bahwa bahwa interaksi mereka dengan al-Qur’an dilakukan secara intensif, terutama dalam bentuk membaca, baik terjadwal maupun insidentil, meskipun seringkali tertunda. Bentuk interaksi lainnya seperti mengajarkan al-Qur’an dengan beragam cara dan di berbagai kesempatan. Motivasi utamanya adalah ibadah kepada Allah Swt., yang dapat melahirkan ketenangan jiwa. Mereka juga menyadari bahwa al-Qur’an merupakan petunjuk bagi manusia. Ekplorasi tuntunan al-Qur’an dilakukan ketika terdapat masalah yang membutuhkan jawaban berdasarkan tuntunan al-Qur’an, sehingga eksplorasi yang dilakukan masih bersifat temporal, situasional dan kasuistis.
Editorial
Authors: Vanz Samile Andrea de Souza
Published: March 2021

Editorial.
(Des) Informação e [Pós] Verdade: possíveis contextos discursivo-conceituais
Authors: Dodebei Vera
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir as ideias de desinformação e pós-verdade a partir de seus opostos - informação e verdade. À luz da teoria do conceito em Dahlberg, complementada por análise de três narrativas fílmicas, foram descritos possíveis cenários conceituais com o apoio de busca bibliográfica ultra seletiva sobre cada um dos conceitos. Robert Logan conduziu a discussão sobre o conceito de informação e Nicola Abbagnano sobre o de verdade. Vladimir Volkoff historiografou o conceito de desinformação e o Oxford Languages, o de pós-verdade. Como conclusão, os atributos verdadeiros ou características conceituais garantidas pela literatura permitiram afirmar a circunstancialidade dos contextos culturais em que esses conceitos se organizam, bem como possibilitaram apresentar duas estruturas de análise: uma discursiva e polissêmica (narrativas fílmicas) e outra conceitual e redutora semântica (mapa conceitual) para as ideias de informação e desinformação, verdade e pós-verdade.
Revista Em Questão: 35 anos de história
Authors: Vanz Samile Andrea de Souza
Published: March 2021

Para celebrar o aniversário de 35 anos da revista Em Questão em 2021, este artigo apresenta os antecedentes históricos de uma das revistas brasileiras mais antigas e respeitadas na área de Ciência da Informação. O histórico é construído a partir de pesquisa documental de informações nos editoriais publicados desde a primeira edição em 1986. A pesquisa foi realizada na coleção impressa e eletrônica. O texto apresenta um apanhado da história cronológica da revista, os principais acontecimentos que marcaram sua trajetória e, também, fatos e dados atuais que caracterizam a Em Questão nos anos mais recentes.
Comunicação Organizacional e Gestão do Conhecimento: interface entre áreas
Authors: Lemos Ariane Barbosa , Barbosa Ricardo Rodrigues
Published: March 2021

O trabalho relata uma pesquisa, de natureza interdisciplinar, que descreve práticas e abordagens gerenciais da comunicação organizacional e da gestão do conhecimento, identificando interface entre as áreas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com base em um estudo de caso realizado em uma empresa do setor de serviços e produtos de aluguel de automóveis. Os dados obtidos referendam os paradigmas relacional da comunicação e do conhecimento organizacional como os mais adequados para a promoção do diálogo interpessoal no ambiente do trabalho. O estudo evidencia a importância da formação de contextos capacitantes propícios para o compartilhamento da informação e a criação de conhecimento no âmbito da organização estudada. Os resultados demonstram que os contextos capacitantes estimulam a promoção do compromisso dos públicos internos para com a organização, a conscientização sobre mudanças no ambiente corporativo, a compreensão da evolução dos objetivos organizacionais e a sensação de pertencimento à organização. Os resultados também evidenciam a relevância da comunicação interna para o compartilhamento da informação e a criação de conhecimento organizacional.
Percepções e estratégias relacionadas ao “viés de confirmação” por pesquisadores no processo de busca e uso da informação
Authors: Gasque Kelley Cristine Gonçalves Dias
Published: March 2021

A pesquisa analisou as percepções de pesquisadores relacionadas ao viés de confirmação, no processo de busca e uso da informação, dentro do contexto acadêmico. A pesquisa configura-se como estudo de caso, realizado na Faculdade de Ciência da Informação da Universidade de Brasília – Brasil. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi grupo focal, com participação de nove pesquisadores. O tratamento de dados foi realizado por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram que, para os pesquisadores, as principais causas do viés de confirmação relacionam-se ao desejo de dar certo e à ausência de uma formação educacional e científica de qualidade, bem como a questão de alguns temas serem mais controversos. Os impactos dele na vida dos pesquisadores consistem em mudanças que podem ser de raciocínio, de ponto de vista ou, ainda, pessoal. As consequências para a ciência são a contaminação dos resultados e o direcionamento da ciência, o que leva às discussões sobre ética e integridade. A sua redução requer a contribuição conjunta dos próprios pesquisadores, da sociedade científica e da sociedade de maneira geral. Os resultados evidenciam a importância da educação voltada para a pesquisa agregada ao letramento informacional, que possibilitará aos estudantes lidar de forma eficaz e eficiente com a informação, em especial, a técnico-científica, fomento da ciência.
O Patrimônio Esportivo e os Museus do Esporte no Google Arts & Culture
Authors: Mitidieri Maria Cristina de Azevedo , Rocha Luisa Maria Gomes de Matos
Published: March 2021

Este estudo objetiva mapear e analisar a presença e a representatividade do patrimônio esportivo no contexto da plataforma Google Arts & Culture. Realiza buscas remotas a partir do termo “sport” para identificar museus, coleções e instituições culturais cujos acervos e temática relacionem-se ao patrimônio esportivo. Analisa os resultados encontrados à luz da bibliografia disponível e das informações publicadas pelas instituições identificadas. Verifica que o patrimônio esportivo, os museus e as coleções do esporte encontram-se pouco representados dentro do universo de resultados encontrados na plataforma Google Arts & Culture. No contexto dos resultados obtidos, observa ainda que a Austrália e seu patrimônio esportivo têm uma expressiva presença em relação a outros países, nos quais se situam importantes instituições culturais do esporte. Conclui que, ao mesmo tempo em que o Google Arts & Culture permite acesso irrestrito e em âmbito global a um vastíssimo universo de instituições e bens culturais, os processos seletivos, as parcerias e as decisões curatoriais levadas adiante pelo Google Arts Institute estão sujeitas a influências e demandas de mercado que podem acarretar distorções, tanto no que se refere às instituições componentes da plataforma quanto à narrativa associada aos bens apresentados.
Recortes de jornal em arquivos: origens de uma prática social
Authors: Campos José Francisco Guelfi
Published: March 2021

A presença de recortes de jornal em arquivos, sobretudo aqueles de natureza pessoal, para além de impor uma série de desafios teóricos e práticos, permite cogitar que a acumulação deste tipo de material reflita uma prática social ainda pouco estudada. Neste artigo, procuramos traçar a origem desta prática social e examinar suas várias manifestações nos arquivos. Trata-se de estudo exploratório, lastreado por revisão de literatura e fundamentado em pesquisa documental. A revisão da literatura aponta para a conexão entre a prática de acumulação de recortes e uma longa e rica tradição de produção de scrapbooks, que vai de encontro às necessidades informacionais dos indivíduos, à materialização dos laços afetivos e à acumulação de capital cultural. Na pesquisa documental, os exemplos extraídos de arquivos pessoais revelam os atributos funcionais adquiridos pelos recortes quando fazem parte de um fundo, determinados pelos contextos de acumulação e uso. Por fim, demonstramos como tais atributos credenciam os recortes de jornal como documentos passíveis de tratamento ancorado nos princípios e procedimentos próprios da Arquivologia, reforçando a primazia do contexto sobre o conteúdo e a importância da definição das espécies e tipos documentais, para o que se faz necessário o diálogo com outros campos disciplinares, entre os quais a Diplomática, as Ciências da Comunicação, a Teoria do Jornalismo e a Linguística.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SOME ETIOTROPIC THERAPEUTIC SCHEMES FOR TREATING PATIENTS WITH NOVEL CORONAVIRUS INFECTION (COVID-19)
Authors: Balykova L. A. , Pavelkina V. F. , Shmyreva N. V. , Pyataev N. A. , Selezneva N. M. , Shepeleva O. I. , Almyasheva R. Z.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy and safety of the Favipiravir (Areplivir) drug, compared to the standard etiotropic therapy in the patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

Material and methods. The research was conducted as a part of an open, randomized, multicenter comparative study of the efficacy and safety of Areplivir, 200 mg film-coated tablets (“PROMOMED RUS” LLC, Russia), in the patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The dosing regimen of Favipiravir was 1600 mg twice a day on the 1st day and 600 mg twice a day on days 2–14. Thirty nine patients were enrolled into the study with a laboratory-established diagnosis of a new type of Coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (confirmed) of moderate severity, with pneumonia. The group of comparison (22 patients) received standard etiotropic therapy, prescribed in accordance with the current version of the temporary guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, represented mainly by Hydroxychloroquine with the dosage regimen of 800 mg on the 1st day, then 400 mg on days 2–7, and Azithromycin 500 mg once a day for 5 days. The main group (17 patients) received Favipiravir (Areplivir) as etiotropiс therapy.

Results. In the main group, the time period until fever disappeared was found to be 1.36 days shorter than in the group of comparison (p<0.05); there was a higher rate of the reduction of inflammatory changes in the lungs according to the computer tomography data (38.4% vs 14.9%, p<0.05). By the end of the treatment, there was also a lower lactate level in the blood (27.1%, p<0.05) than in the patients of the group of comparison. The evaluation of the drug efficacy ассording to the Categorical Ordinal Scale of Clinical Improvement and measurements of oxygen saturation in the blood, manifested similar positive dynamics in the patients treated ассording to various etiotropic therapy regimens. By the end of the treatment, the RNA SARS-CoV-2 tests were also negative in all the patients. As for the overall frequency of adverse events (AEs), no relevant distinctions were found between the groups. A greater part of AEs was related to hepatotoxicity, with a predominantly clinically relevant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT). A clinically relevant prolongation of the corrected QT interval on the standard ECG was found to occur in the standard-therapy group on day 5, while no serious AEs were registered in the main group. No serious adverse reactions were registered in patients of the main group.

Conclusion. The efficacy of the Favipiravir (Areplivir) therapy for the novel coronavirus infection has proved to be superior to the efficacy of the standard etiotropic therapy in a number of aspects. Basing on the obtained findings, Favipiravir (Areplivir) drug can be recommended for treating patients with the novel coronavirus infection of moderate severity.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEBANON DEVELOPMENT. PROSPECTS FOR COOPERATION WITH THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: El Moussawi M.A.E. , Mironenkova Zh. V. , Umarov S. Z. , Knysh O. I. , Nemyatykh O. D.
Published: March 2021

The objective of the research was to conduct a comparative analysis of the development of Lebanon based on a number of demographic, economic and social indicators characterizing the health care of Lebanon, and to determine the prospects for the cooperation with the Russian Federation (RF) in the pharmacy field.

Materials and methods. The studies were conducted from 2009 to 2016. The objects were the statistical data accumulated on the basis of the data from national institutions and international organizations. These data were published annually in the reports of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the United Nations Population Division for 11 countries in the Middle East: Bahrain, Jordan, Yemen, Kuwait, Lebanon, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Saudi Arabia (Asian countries); Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia (North African countries). The research methods were: a comparative analysis, analytical grouping of data, ranking.

Results. A comparative analysis of demographic, economic and social indicators revealed that low mortality rates and high life expectancy in Lebanon were achieved both due to a satisfactory level of health care financing (Rank 5) and due to the adoption of adequate decisions in organizing and managing the Lebanese health care system. The positive trends that were inherent in the Lebanese health care system in previous decades continued to operate within the framework of earlier inertia, while migration flows intensified. However, there has been a slowdown in the decline in infant mortality in the dynamics of growth rates, which is a signal of the emergence of negative processes in the social sphere of the country.

Conclusion. The current situation in the Lebanese health care system, associated with limited financial resources, poses new challenges in the search for managerial decisions in the field of organizational management. The import of drugs from the Russian Federation will provide a significant reduction in the financial costs of providing the population of Lebanon and migrants with medicines which will increase the monetary costs of providing medical care.
CORRECTION OF MORPHOFUNCTIONAL DISORDERS IN EXPERIMENTAL PREECLAMPSY BY COMBINED USE OF TRIMETAZIDINE AND PURIFIED MICRONIZED FLAVONOID FRACTION AS WELL AS THEIR COMBINATIONS WITH METHYLAMPSY
Authors: Antsiferova O. E. , Teleshchenko M. P. , Tsuverkalova Yu. M. , Pokrovsky M. V. , Gureev V. V. , Zatolokina M. A. , Gureeva A. V.
Published: March 2021

The aimof the experiment was to determine the effectiveness of the combined use of trimetazidine and a purified micronized flavonoid fraction, as well as their combinations with methyldopa, in comparison with monotherapy with the same drugs in the correction of morphofunctional disorders arising in the conditions of experimental preeclampsia. An integrated/multimethodology approach is the most effective way of treatment for preeclampsia. Therefore, an urgent task of modern pharmacology is to study the effectiveness of new drugs when used in combinations, as well as the drugs included in the standards for treatment.

Materials and methods. The study was carried out at the Research Institute of Pharmacology of Living Systems of Belgorod State National Research University. The experiment was performed on 200 female Wistar rats, weighing 250–300 g, in which an ADMA-like model of preeclampsia had been reproduced. To assess the degree of correction of emerging morphological and functional disorders, the following parameters were involved: blood pressure, a coefficient of endothelial dysfunction, microcirculation in the placenta, proteinuria, fluid contents in the greater omentum, morphometric indicators of placental tissues and fetal height and weight parameters.

Results. The combined use of trimetazidine (Preductal® MB) 6 mg/kg and a purified micronized flavonoid fraction (Detralex®) 260 mg/kg, as well as their combination with methyldopa (Dopegit®) 86 mg/kg, leads to a more pronounced decrease in the blood pressure, compared with a decrease in the coefficient of endothelial dysfunction by 2.22, 2.19 and 1.94 times, respectively, in relation to “untreated” animals. There was an increase in microcirculation indices in the placenta by 2.35, 2.21 and 2.03 times, respectively. In addition, there was an improvement in morphological parameters in the placenta and fetuses.

Conclusion. The results of the study showed a greater effectiveness of the combined use of the studied drugs in experimental preeclampsia compared to their monotherapy. This indicates the prospects for the use of trimetazidine and purified micronized flavonoid fraction in the complex therapy for preeclampsia and the need for further research in this direction.