bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integral Representations over Finite Limits for Quantum Amplitudes
Authors: Straton Jack C.
Published: February 2024

We extend previous research to derive three additional M-1-dimensional integral representations over the interval [0,1]. The prior version covered the interval [0,∞]. This extension applies to products of M Slater orbitals, since they (and wave functions derived from them) appear in quantum transition amplitudes. It enables the magnitudes of coordinate vector differences (square roots of polynomials) |x1−x2|=x12−2x1x2cosθ+x22 to be shifted from disjoint products of functions into a single quadratic form, allowing for the completion of its square. The M-1-dimensional integral representations of M Slater orbitals that both this extension and the prior version introduce provide alternatives to Fourier transforms and are much more compact. The latter introduce a 3M-dimensional momentum integral for M products of Slater orbitals (in M separate denominators), followed in many cases by another set of M-1-dimensional integral representations to combine those denominators into one denominator having a single (momentum) quadratic form. The current and prior methods are also slightly more compact than Gaussian transforms that introduce an M-dimensional integral for products of M Slater orbitals while simultaneously moving them into a single (spatial) quadratic form in a common exponential. One may also use addition theorems for extracting the angular variables or even direct integration at times. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses. We found that these M-1-dimensional integral representations over the interval [0,1] are numerically stable, as was the prior version, having integrals running over the interval [0,∞], and one does not need to test for a sufficiently large upper integration limit as one does for the latter approach. For analytical reductions of integrals arising from any of the three, however, there is the possible drawback for large M of there being fewer tabled integrals over [0,1] than over [0,∞]. In particular, the results of both prior and current representations have integration variables residing within square roots asarguments of Macdonald functions. In a number of cases, these can be converted to Meijer G-functions whose arguments have the form (ax2+bx+c)/x, for which a single tabled integral exists for the integrals from running over the interval [0,∞] of the prior paper, and from which other forms can be found using the techniques given therein. This is not so for integral representations over the interval [0,1]. Finally, we introduce a fourth integral representation that is not easily generalizable to large M but may well provide a bridge for finding the requisite integrals for such Meijer G-functions over [0,1].
Lax Pairs for the Modified KdV Equation
Authors: Burde Georgy I.
Published: February 2024

Multi-parameter families of Lax pairs for the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation are defined by applying a direct method developed in the present study. The gauge transformations, converting the defined Lax pairs to some simpler forms, are found. The direct method and its possible applications to other types of evolution equations are discussed.
A New Phenolic Acid Decarboxylase from the Brown-Rot Fungus Neolentinus lepideus Natively Decarboxylates Biosourced Sinapic Acid into Canolol, a Bioactive Phenolic Compound
Authors: Odinot Elise , Bisotto-Mignot Alexandra , Frezouls Toinou , Bissaro Bastien , Navarro David , Record Eric , Cadoret Frédéric , Doan Annick , Chevret Didier , Fine Frédéric , Lomascolo Anne
Published: February 2024

Rapeseed meal (RSM) is a cheap, abundant and renewable feedstock, whose biorefinery is a current challenge for the sustainability of the oilseed sector. RSM is rich in sinapic acid (SA), a p-hydroxycinnamic acid that can be decarboxylated into canolol (2,6-dimethoxy-4-vinylphenol), a valuable bioactive compound. Microbial phenolic acid decarboxylases (PADs), mainly described for the non-oxidative decarboxylation of ferulic and p-coumaric acids, remain very poorly documented to date, for SA decarboxylation. The species Neolentinus lepideus has previously been shown to biotransform SA into canolol in vivo, but the enzyme responsible for bioconversion of the acid has never been characterized. In this study, we purified and characterized a new PAD from the canolol-overproducing strain N. lepideus BRFM15. Proteomic analysis highlighted a sole PAD-type protein sequence in the intracellular proteome of the strain. The native enzyme (NlePAD) displayed an unusual outstanding activity for decarboxylating SA (Vmax of 600 U.mg−1, kcat of 6.3 s−1 and kcat/KM of 1.6 s−1.mM−1). We showed that NlePAD (a homodimer of 2 × 22 kDa) is fully active in a pH range of 5.5–7.5 and a temperature range of 30–55 °C, with optima of pH 6–6.5 and 37–45 °C, and is highly stable at 4 °C and pH 6–8. Relative ratios of specific activities on ferulic, sinapic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids, respectively, were 100:24.9:13.4:3.9. The enzyme demonstrated in vitro effectiveness as a biocatalyst for the synthesis of canolol in aqueous medium from commercial SA, with a molar yield of 92%. Then, we developed processes to biotransform naturally-occurring SA from RSM into canolol by combining the complementary potentialities of an Aspergillus niger feruloyl esterase type-A, which is able to release free SA from the raw meal by hydrolyzing its conjugated forms, and NlePAD, in aqueous medium and mild conditions. NlePAD decarboxylation of biobased SA led to an overall yield of 1.6–3.8 mg canolol per gram of initial meal. Besides being the first characterization of a fungal PAD able to decarboxylate SA, this report shows that NlePAD is very promising as new biotechnological tool to generate biobased vinylphenols of industrial interest (especially canolol) as valuable platform chemicals for health, nutrition, cosmetics and green chemistry.
Exploratory Analysis of Image-Guided Ionizing Radiation Delivery to Induce Long-Term Iron Accumulation and Ferritin Expression in a Lung Injury Model: Preliminary Results
Authors: Zaher Amira , Duchman Bryce , Ivanovic Marina , Spitz Douglas R. , Furqan Muhammad , Allen Bryan G. , Petronek Michael S.
Published: February 2024

Background: Radiation therapy (RT) is an integral and commonly used therapeutic modality for primary lung cancer. However, radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) limits the irradiation dose used in the lung and is a significant source of morbidity. Disruptions in iron metabolism have been linked to radiation injury, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Purpose: To utilize a targeted radiation delivery approach to induce RILI for the development of a model system to study the role of radiation-induced iron accumulation in RILI. Methods: This study utilizes a Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP) to target the right lung with a 20 Gy dose while minimizing the dose delivered to the left lung and adjacent heart. Long-term pulmonary function was performed using RespiRate-x64image analysis. Normal-appearing lung volumes were calculated using a cone beam CT (CBCT) image thresholding approach in 3D Slicer software. Quantification of iron accumulation was performed spectrophotometrically using a ferrozine-based assay as well as histologically using Prussian blue and via Western blotting for ferritin heavy chain expression. Results: Mild fibrosis was seen histologically in the irradiated lung using hematoxylin and eosin-stained fixed tissue at 9 months, as well as using a scoring system from CBCT images, the Szapiel scoring system, and the highest fibrotic area metric. In contrast, no changes in breathing rate were observed, and median survival was not achieved up to 36 weeks following irradiation, consistent with mild lung fibrosis when only one lung was targeted. Our study provided preliminary evidence on increased iron content and ferritin heavy chain expression in the irradiated lung, thus warranting further investigation. Conclusions: A targeted lung irradiation model may be a useful approach for studying the long-term pathological effects associated with iron accumulation and RILI following ionizing radiation.
Exploring Cardiac Exosomal RNAs of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jung Seung Eun , Kim Sang Woo , Choi Jung-Won
Published: February 2024

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI), often a frequent symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD), is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a major form of cardiovascular disease, necessitates a deep understanding of its complex pathophysiology to develop innovative therapeutic strategies. Exosomal RNAs (exoRNA), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) within cardiac tissues, play a critical role in intercellular communication and pathophysiological processes of AMI. Methods: This study aimed to delineate the exoRNA landscape, focusing especially on miRNAs in animal models using high-throughput sequencing. The approach included sequencing analysis to identify significant miRNAs in AMI, followed by validation of the functions of selected miRNAs through in vitro studies involving primary cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Results: Numerous differentially expressed miRNAs in AMI were identified using five mice per group. The functions of 20 selected miRNAs were validated through in vitro studies with primary cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Conclusions: This research enhances understanding of post-AMI molecular changes in cardiac tissues and investigates the potential of exoRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. These findings offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms of AMIs, paving the way for RNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics and therapies and contributing to the advancement of cardiovascular medicine.
Advances in Pharmacological Approaches for Managing Hypercholesterolemia: A Comprehensive Overview of Novel Treatments
Authors: Mormone Andrea , Tortorella Giovanni , Esposito Francesca , Caturano Alfredo , Marrone Aldo , Cozzolino Domenico , Galiero Raffaele , Marfella Raffaele , Sasso Ferdinando Carlo , Rinaldi Luca
Published: February 2024

Hypercholesterolemia plays a crucial role in the formation of lipid plaques, particularly with elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels, which are linked to increased risks of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Controlling blood cholesterol values, specifically reducing LDL-C, is widely recognized as a key modifiable risk factor for decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases. Historically, statins, by inhibiting the enzyme β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG)-CoA reductase, have been among the most effective drugs. However, newer non-statin agents have since been introduced into hypercholesterolemia therapy, providing a viable alternative with a favorable cost–benefit ratio. This paper aims to delve into the latest therapies, shedding light on their mechanisms of action and therapeutic benefits.
Design and Optimization of UAV Aerial Recovery System Based on Cable-Driven Parallel Robot
Authors: Wu Jun , Sun Yizhang , Yue Honghao , Yang Junyi , Yang Fei , Zhao Yong
Published: February 2024

Aerial recovery and redeployment can effectively increase the operating radius and the endurance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, the challenge lies in the effect of the aerodynamic force on the recovery system, and the existing road-based and sea-based UAV recovery methods are no longer applicable. Inspired by the predatory behavior of net-casting spiders, this study introduces a cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR) for UAV aerial recovery, which utilizes an end-effector camera to detect the UAV’s flight trajectory, and the CDPR dynamically adjusts its spatial position to intercept and recover the UAV. This paper establishes a comprehensive cable model, simultaneously considering the elasticity, mass, and aerodynamic force, and the static equilibrium equation for the CDPR is derived. The effects of the aerodynamic force and cable tension on the spatial configuration of the cable are analyzed. Numerical computations yield the CDPR’s end-effector position error and cable-driven power consumption at discrete spatial points, and the results show that the position error decreases but the power consumption increases with the increase in the cable tension lower limit (CTLL). To improve the comprehensive performance of the recovery system, a multi-objective optimization method is proposed, considering the error distribution, power consumption distribution, and safety distance. The optimized CTLL and interception space position coordinates are determined through simulation, and comparative analysis with the initial condition indicates an 83% reduction in error, a 62.3% decrease in power consumption, and a 1.2 m increase in safety distance. This paper proposes a new design for a UAV aerial recovery system, and the analysis lays the groundwork for future research.
Development of a Wheel-Type In-Pipe Robot Using Continuously Variable Transmission Mechanisms for Pipeline Inspection
Authors: Park Jeongyeol , Luong Tuan , Moon Hyungpil
Published: February 2024

Pipelines are embedded in industrial sites and residential environments, and maintaining these pipes is crucial to prevent leakage. Given that most pipelines are buried, the development of robots capable of exploring their interiors is essential. In this work, we introduce a novel in-pipe robot utilizing Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) mechanisms for navigating various pipes, including vertical and curved pipes. The robot comprises one air motor, three CVT mechanisms, and six wheels at the end of six slider-crank mechanisms, including three active and three idler ones. The slider crank and spring mechanism generate a wall press force through the wheel to prevent slipping inside the pipe. This capability allows the robot to climb vertical pipes and adapt to various pipe diameters. Moreover, by combining CVT mechanisms, whose speed ratios between the driver and driven pulleys are passively adjusted by the position of the slider, the robot achieves independent and continuous speed control for each wheel. This enables it to navigate pipes with various geometries, such as straight–curved–straight pipes, using only one motor. Since active control of each wheel is not needed, the complexities of the robot controller can be significantly reduced. To validate the proposed mechanism, MATLAB simulations were conducted, and in-pipe driving experiments were executed. Both simulation and experimental results have shown that the robot can effectively navigate curved pipes with a maximum speed of 17.5 mm/s and a maximum traction force of 56.84 N.
Classification of Hippocampal Ripples: Convolutional Neural Network Learns Episode-Specific Changes
Authors: Ishihara Yuta , Fujimoto Ken’ichi , Murai Hiroshi , Ishikawa Junko , Mitsushima Dai
Published: February 2024

The hippocampus is known to play an important role in memory by processing spatiotemporal information of episodic experiences. By recording synchronized multiple-unit firing events (ripple firings with 300 Hz–10 kHz) of hippocampal CA1 neurons in freely moving rats, we previously found an episode-dependent diversity in the waveform of ripple firings. In the present study, we hypothesized that changes in the diversity would depend on the type of episode experienced. If this hypothesis holds, we can identify the ripple waveforms associated with each episode. Thus, we first attempted to classify the ripple firings measured from rats into five categories: those experiencing any of the four episodes and those before experiencing any of the four episodes. In this paper, we construct a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify the current stocks of ripple firings into these five categories and demonstrate that the CNN can successfully classify the ripple firings. We subsequently indicate partial ripple waveforms that the CNN focuses on for classification by applying gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) to the CNN. The method of t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) maps ripple waveforms into a two-dimensional feature space. Analyzing the distribution of partial waveforms extracted by Grad-CAM in a t-SNE feature space suggests that the partial waveforms may be representative of each category.
Effects of Embarrassment on Self-Serving Bias and Behavioral Response in the Context of Service Failure
Authors: Hu Kai-Chieh , Tsai Hsin-Lin
Published: February 2024

Previous research has focused on examining embarrassment in sensitive product purchase situations. Although embarrassment is a widespread emotion in consumption situations, few studies have explored its impact on service encounters, especially in the service failure context. This study examines how customers react to different service failures that cause embarrassment and explores whether self-serving bias exists when customers perceive higher embarrassment in service failure. This study uses a 2 (source of failure) × 2 (level of embarrassment) scenario experimental method to examine the effect of two sources of failure on consumer locus attributions, negative emotions, and negative behaviors, considering the moderating effects of the level of embarrassment. Data were collected from 218 student subjects in Taiwan. The results show that embarrassment is important in service failure contexts. Specifically, when consumers perceive higher embarrassment, they attribute more responsibility to the service provider. These attributions, in turn, influence customers’ emotions and behavioral responses. These findings have several important theoretical and practical implications in terms of embarrassing service failures.
The Detection and Negative Reversion of Circulating Tumor Cells as Prognostic Biomarkers for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer with Bone Metastases Treated by Enzalutamide
Authors: Nakamura So , Nagata Masayoshi , Nagaya Naoya , Ashizawa Takeshi , Hirano Hisashi , Lu Yan , Ide Hisamitsu , Horie Shigeo
Published: February 2024

Enzalutamide is a second-generation androgen receptor inhibitor that increases overall survival (OS) rates in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This study evaluates the efficacy of circulating tumor cell (CTC) status as a prognostic biomarker following enzalutamide administration. A retrospective subgroup analysis and prognostic survey were conducted on 43 patients with mCRPC and bone metastases treated in Juntendo University-affiliated hospitals from 2015 to 2022. Patients were treated with 160 mg enzalutamide daily. CTC analyses on blood samples were performed regularly before and every three months after treatment. The relationship between the patients’ clinical factors and the OS rate was analyzed using the log-rank test; the median OS was 37 months. Patients with no detected CTCs at baseline showed significantly longer OS than those with detectable CTCs at baseline. Furthermore, patients demonstrating negative reversion of CTCs during enzalutamide treatment had significantly longer OS than patients with CTC-positivity. Two biomarkers—higher hemoglobin at baseline and achieving negative reversion of CTCs—were significantly associated with prolonged OS. This study suggests that patients achieving CTC-negative reversion during treatment for mCRPC with bone metastases exhibit improved long-term OS. Chronological measurement of CTC status might be clinically useful in the treatment of mCRPC.
Therapeutic Decision Making in Prevascular Mediastinal Tumors Using CT Radiomics and Clinical Features: Upfront Surgery or Pretreatment Needle Biopsy?
Authors: Chang Chao-Chun , Lin Chia-Ying , Liu Yi-Sheng , Chen Ying-Yuan , Huang Wei-Li , Lai Wu-Wei , Yen Yi-Ting , Ma Mi-Chia , Tseng Yau-Lin
Published: February 2024

The study aimed to develop machine learning (ML) classification models for differentiating patients who needed direct surgery from patients who needed core needle biopsy among patients with prevascular mediastinal tumor (PMT). Patients with PMT who received a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan and initial management for PMT between January 2010 and December 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Fourteen ML algorithms were used to construct candidate classification models via the voting ensemble approach, based on preoperative clinical data and radiomic features extracted from the CECT. The classification accuracy of clinical diagnosis was 86.1%. The first ensemble learning model was built by randomly choosing seven ML models from a set of fourteen ML models and had a classification accuracy of 88.0% (95% CI = 85.8 to 90.3%). The second ensemble learning model was the combination of five ML models, including NeuralNetFastAI, NeuralNetTorch, RandomForest with Entropy, RandomForest with Gini, and XGBoost, and had a classification accuracy of 90.4% (95% CI = 87.9 to 93.0%), which significantly outperformed clinical diagnosis (p < 0.05). Due to the superior performance, the voting ensemble learning clinical–radiomic classification model may be used as a clinical decision support system to facilitate the selection of the initial management of PMT.
Prognostic Value of the Lung Immune Prognostic Index on Recurrence after Radical Surgery for High-Risk Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ishiyama Yudai , Kondo Tsunenori , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Iizuka Junpei , Takagi Toshio
Published: February 2024

With emerging options in immediate postoperative settings for high-risk renal cell carcinoma (hrRCC), further risk stratification may be relevant for informed decision making. Balancing the benefits and drawbacks of adjuvant immunotherapy is recommended. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) in this setting. This bi-institutional retrospective study recruited 235 patients who underwent radical surgery for hrRCC between 2004 and 2021. LIPI scores were calculated based on the derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and lactate dehydrogenase levels. The association between LIPI scores and local or distant recurrence was analyzed, along with other possible clinical factors. The median recurrence-free survival (RFS) period was 36.4 months. Based on the LIPI scores, 119, 91, and 25 patients were allocated to the good, intermediate, and poor groups, respectively. The RFS was significantly correlated with the LIPI scores, and the 36 month survival rates were 67.3, 36.2, and 11.0% in the good, intermediate, and poor groups, respectively. In the multivariate model, the LIPI independently predicted the RFS, along with symptoms at diagnosis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, pT status, pN status, and tumor grade. The C-index of the LIPI in predicting RFS was 0.63, and prediction accuracy improved with the addition of the LIPI to both GRade, Age, Nodes, Tumor, and the UCLA Integrated Staging System. Conclusively, the LIPI can be a significant prognostic biomarker for predicting hrRCC recurrence, particularly for identifying the highest-risk cohort.
The Microbiome Modulates the Immune System to Influence Cancer Therapy
Authors: Roy Ruchi , Singh Sunil Kumar
Published: February 2024

The gut microbiota composition can affect the tumor microenvironment and its interaction with the immune system, thereby having implications for treatment predictions. This article reviews the studies available to better understand how the gut microbiome helps the immune system fight cancer. To describe this fact, different mechanisms and approaches utilizing probiotics to improve advancements in cancer treatment will be discussed. Moreover, not only calorie intake but also the variety and quality of diet can influence cancer patients’ immunotherapy treatment because dietary patterns can impair immunological activities either by stimulating or suppressing innate and adaptive immunity. Therefore, it is interesting and critical to understand gut microbiome composition as a biomarker to predict cancer immunotherapy outcomes and responses. Here, more emphasis will be given to the recent development in immunotherapies utilizing microbiota to improve cancer therapies, which is beneficial for cancer patients.
Clinical Characteristics and Quality of Life in a Cohort of Polish Pediatric Patients with Hereditary Angioedema
Authors: Piotrowicz-Wójcik Katarzyna , Bulanda Malgorzata , Czarnobilska Ewa , Porebski Grzegorz
Published: February 2024

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease. It is characterized by recurrent attacks of angioedema. Evidence to what extent it affects patient functioning is limited in the pediatric population. We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and management of Polish children with HAE and to measure the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of these patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 21 pediatric patients and their caregivers, as well as 21 respective controls randomly selected from the general population. During routine follow-up visits, standardized pediatric quality of life questionnaires (PedsQLTM 4.0) were administered to all caregivers and adolescents (≥13 years). Caregivers also completed a structured medical interview regarding the clinical characteristics and treatment of children with HAE during the previous six months. During this period, 57% of patients had low (group I), 24% moderate (group II), and 19% high (group III) HAE activity, corresponding to ≥10 attacks per 6 months. None of the patients received long-term prophylaxis. The children in group III had a lower HRQoL than other groups and controls on all dimensions of the PedsQLTM 4.0. The lowest scores in all groups were observed in the emotional functioning domain. Our data demonstrate that the burden of HAE on the quality of life of pediatric patients and their families encompasses a wide range of daily functioning.
The Impact of Demographic Characteristics on Parenting Stress among Parents of Children with Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Scheibner Maxi , Scheibner Cora , Hornemann Frauke , Arélin Maria , Hennig Yvonne Doris , Kiep Henriette , Wurst Ulrike , Merkenschlager Andreas , Gburek-Augustat Janina
Published: February 2024

Even though it is already known that parents of children with developmental delays or disabilities experience higher parenting stress than families of typically developing children, the contributing factors need to be analyzed in more detail. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the influence of demographic characteristics on parenting stress from caring for a disabled child and to identify possible protective or additional stressful social factors. A total of 611 mothers and fathers of children with developmental delays, chronic diseases, or disabilities completed two questionnaires during their medical appointments at the Children’s Development Center (CDC) of Leipzig University Hospital between June 2020 and February 2021. These consisted of the German versions of the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Impact on Family Scale (IOFS). To determine differences between the various groups, we used parametric and non-parametric tests. Mothers and single parents are significantly more strained than fathers and non-single parents. Parents with vocational training, those who graduated with a higher-level diploma, and those within employment report a higher financial burden. While unemployed and full-time workers experience the lowest stress, parents who work part-time or exclusively take care of their child show higher levels of stress. Looking at the age of the child, parents of children of young primary school age are the most stressed, and those of infants are the least stressed. These findings suggest that mothers and single parents especially should receive more support, and parents need to be provided with more attention during their child’s entry into school. Possible limitations and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.
Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Healthcare: Parental Perceptions and Ethical Implications
Authors: Berghea Elena Camelia , Ionescu Marcela Daniela , Gheorghiu Radu Marian , Tincu Iulia Florentina , Cobilinschi Claudia Oana , Craiu Mihai , Bălgrădean Mihaela , Berghea Florian
Published: February 2024

Background: Our study aimed to explore the way artificial intelligence (AI) utilization is perceived in pediatric medicine, examining its acceptance among patients (in this case represented by their adult parents), and identify the challenges it presents in order to understand the factors influencing its adoption in clinical settings. Methods: A structured questionnaire was applied to caregivers (parents or grandparents) of children who presented in tertiary pediatric clinics. Results: The most significant differentiations were identified in relation to the level of education (e.g., aversion to AI involvement was 22.2% among those with postgraduate degrees, 43.9% among those with university degrees, and 54.5% among those who only completed high school). The greatest fear among respondents regarding the medical use of AI was related to the possibility of errors occurring (70.1%). Conclusions: The general attitude toward the use of AI can be considered positive, provided that it remains human-supervised, and that the technology used is explained in detail by the physician. However, there were large differences among groups (mainly defined by education level) in the way AI is perceived and accepted.
Do Hormone Levels Influence Bullying during Childhood and Adolescence? A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Babarro Izaro , Arregi Ane , Andiarena Ainara , Lertxundi Nerea , Vegas Oscar , Ibarluzea Jesus
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: Bullying is one of the most common forms of aggressive behavior during childhood and adolescence. Some decades ago, researchers began exploring the basis of peer victimization from a biological perspective. Specifically, the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axes have been studied in relation to status-relevant behaviors, such as bullying. (2) Methods: We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guide and registered the review protocol at PROSPERO (CRD42023494738). We searched for relevant studies in PubMed, Psycinfo, Scopus, and Web of Science, and assessed them using the Robins E-tool. (3) Results: Our search yielded 152 studies, of which 33 were included in the review. These studies explored the association between testosterone and cortisol levels with bullying behavior, finding diverse results. Most of the studies were rated as having a low risk of bias. (4) Conclusions: This study not only enhances our understanding of bullying, but also provides guidance for the development of prevention and management programs for it. In the future, researchers should continue exploring the joint effects of different hormones on the HPA and HPG axis, using a broader set of biomarkers.
Water Lubrication of Al-Cu Composites Reinforced by Nickel-Coated Si3N4 Particles
Authors: Peng Yanan , Dai Qinqwen , Huang Wei , Wang Xiaolei
Published: February 2024

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) particle-reinforced aluminum–copper (Al-Cu) alloy matrix composites have been prepared in our previous works and experimental result shows that they can be used as a new kind of water-lubricated materials. However, the wettability between Si3N4 ceramics and Al-Cu alloys is poor and the manufacturing process is usually carried out at a high temperature of 1100 °C. To overcome this shortcoming, a layer of nickel was deposited on the surface of Si3N4 particles, forming a core-shell structure. Thus, the interface bonding property between Si3N4 and Al-Cu alloy can be improved and the lower sintering temperature can be applied. Si3N4/Al-Cu alloy composites with different proportions of Ni-coated Si3N4 were fabricated by powder matrix metallurgy technology at 800 °C, and the water lubrication properties of the composite were investigated. The experimental results show that with the increase in the particle content (10 wt%–40 wt%), the microhardness of the composites increased first and then decreased, while the porosity increased continuously. A low friction coefficient (0.001–0.005) can be achieved for the composites with the lower particle content (10 wt%–20 wt%). The major wear mechanism changes from the mechanically dominated wear during the running-in process to the tribochemical wear at the low frictional stage.
Study on Rheological Properties and Modification Mechanism of Budun Rock Asphalt/Nano-Silica Composite Modified Asphalt
Authors: Li Chaojie , Li Zhenxia , Guo Tengteng , Chen Yuanzhao , Jing Shangwei , Wang Jing , Jin Lihui
Published: February 2024

To enhance the high and low-temperature performance of asphalt materials and extend the service life of asphalt pavement, two types of external admixtures, Butonite rock asphalt, and nano-silica are added to the asphalt. By conducting dynamic shear rheological tests and bending creep stiffness tests, the high and low-temperature rheological properties of Budun rock asphalt/nano-silica composite-modified asphalt were evaluated. The distribution of Budun rock asphalt and nano-silica in asphalt was studied using scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy tests, revealing the synergistic modification mechanism of Budun rock asphalt and nano-silica. The results show that the optimal dosage of Butonite rock asphalt and nano-silica composite-modified asphalt is 25% and 5%, respectively. At this dosage, the rutting factor G*/sinδ of composite-modified asphalt at 82 °C Compared with the matrix asphalt, the frequency main curve of Budun rock asphalt/nano-silica composite-modified asphalt is higher than that of the matrix asphalt and nano-silica-modified asphalt by 4 kPa. The creep modulus S at −18 °C decreases by 117.2 MPa, indicating that the high-temperature performance, low-temperature performance, and temperature sensitivity of Budun rock asphalt/nano-silica composite-modified asphalt are significantly improved compared to the matrix asphalt; The distribution of nano-silica particles in Budun rock asphalt/nano-silica composite-modified asphalt is uniform, and together with Budun rock asphalt, it forms a stable three-dimensional network skeleton structure; Budun rock asphalt/nano-silica composite-modified asphalt has generated new functional groups, and the blending process is mainly based on physical reactions, supplemented by weak chemical reactions.
Silymarin Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by UV and Air Pollution in Human Epidermis and Activates β-Endorphin Release through Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2
Authors: Boira Cloé , Chapuis Emilie , Scandolera Amandine , Reynaud Romain
Published: February 2024

Background: Skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV) and air pollution, and recent works have demonstrated that these factors have additive effects in the disturbance of skin homeostasis. Nuclear-factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) appear to be appropriate targets in the management of combined environmental stressors. The protective effects of silymarin (SM), an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory complex of flavonoids, were evaluated. Methods: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1a) were quantified in UV+urban-dust-stressed reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) treated with SM. A gene expression study was conducted on targets related to AHR and Nrf2. SM agonistic activity on cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) was evaluated on mast cells. The clinical study quantified the performance of SM and cannabidiol (CBD) in skin exposed to solar radiation and air pollution. Results: SM decreased morphological alterations, ROS, and IL-1a in UV+urban-dust-stressed RHE. AHR- and Nrf2-related genes were upregulated, which control the antioxidant effector and barrier function. Interleukin 8 gene expression was decreased. The clinical study confirmed SM improved the homogeneity and perceived well-being of urban skins exposed to UV, outperforming CBD. SM activated CB2R and the release of β-endorphin from mast cells. Conclusions: SM provides protection of skin from oxidative stress and inflammation caused by two major factors of exposome and appears mediated by AHR-Nrf2. SM activation of CB2R is opening a new understanding of SM’s anti-inflammatory properties.
Anionic Dye Alizarin Red S Removal Using Heat-Treated Dolomite
Authors: Li Zhaohui , Bowman Anna , Rayniak Angie , Xu Shangping
Published: February 2024

In modern society, frequent use of synthetic materials in the household and industry presents a great challenge to environmental and water quality. As such, numerous types of research have been conducted for potential removal of emerging contaminants from water using advanced materials. Earth materials, due to their low costs and vast reserves, have also been evaluated in great details for contaminant removal. In this study, a naturally occurring carbonate mineral dolomite (Dol) was assessed for the removal of an anionic dye alizarin red S (ARS) from aqueous solution before and after heat treatment to increase its performance. The ARS-removal capacities increased from 80 to 130 mmol/kg after heat treatment based on the isotherm study. And the ARS-removal efficiency rose by a factor of four as the partitioning coefficient increased from 1.5 to 6 L/mmol after heat treatment. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed minute conversion of dolomite into calcite after samples being heated at 800 °C for 3 h. However, there were no phase changes for ARS before and after its sorption. Fourie transform infra-red (FTIR) results also showed a minute appearance of calcite after heating. Thus, the increase in ARS sorption could be due to surface reactivation of Dol after heating or due to formation of a minute amount of amorphous MgO in the system as a result of the conversion of Dol to calcite. The results from this study will add new perspectives to the utilization of Earth materials for environmental application.
Ultrathin Encapsulation Strategies with Predefined Gate Dielectric Surface Area for Flexible Crystalline Silicon Nanomembrane-Based MOS Capacitors
Authors: Wang Zhuofan , Lu Hongliang , Zhang Yuming , Liu Chen
Published: February 2024

Ultrathin encapsulation strategies show huge potential in wearable and implantable electronics. However, insightful efforts are still needed to improve the electrical and mechanical characteristics of encapsulated devices. This work introduces Al2O3/alucone nanolaminates using hybrid atomic/molecular layer deposition for ultrathin encapsulation structures employed in crystalline silicon nanomembrane (Si NM)-based metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs). The comprehensive electrical and mechanical analysis focused on the encapsulated and bare MOSCAPs with three gate dielectric diameters (Ø) under planar and bending conditions, including concave bending radii of 110.5 mm and 85 mm as well as convex bending radii of 77.5 mm and 38.5 mm. Combined with the Ø-related mechanical analysis of the maximum strain in the critical layers and the practical investigations of electrical parameters, the encapsulated MOSCAPs with Ø 160 μm showed the most stable electro-mechanical performance partly due to the optimized position of the neutral mechanical plane. Comparison of the electrical changes in Al2O3/alucone-encapsulated MOSCAPs with Ø 160 μm, Ø 240 μm, and Ø 320 μm showed that it is beneficial to define the gate dielectric surface area of 0.02 to 0.05 mm2 for Si NM-based wearable electronics. These findings are significant for leveraging the practical applications in ultrathin encapsulation strategies for reliable operations of crystalline Si NM-based integrated circuits.
Ba0.9A0.1MnO3 (A = Ce, La, Mg) Perovskite-Type Mixed Oxides: Effect of Partial Substitution of Ba on the Catalytic Performance for the Oxidation of CO in Simulated Automobile Exhaust Conditions
Authors: Ghezali Nawel , Díaz Verde Álvaro , Illán Gómez María José
Published: February 2024

BaMnO3 (BM) and Ba0.9A0.1MnO3 (BM-A) (A = Ce, La or Mg) perovskite-type mixed oxides were synthesized by the aqueous sol–gel method; thoroughly characterized by ICP-OES, XRD, H2-TPR, BET, and O2-TPD; and tested as catalysts for CO oxidation under simulated automobile exhaust conditions. The characterization results indicate that the main effects of the partial substitution of Ba with A-metal in BM perovskite are the maintenance of the hexagonal structure of the perovskite and the increase in reducibility and oxygen mobility. All samples catalyze the CO to CO2 oxidation reaction in the different reactant mixtures employed, showing the best performance for the mixture with the lowest CO/O2 ratio and in the presence of a dopant in the BM perovskite formulation. BM-La is the most active catalyst for improving CO oxidation, as it is the most reducible, and because is able to evolve oxygen at intermediate temperatures.
Preparation and Investigation of Sol–Gel TiO2-NiO Films: Structural, Optical and Electrochromic Properties
Authors: Ivanova Tatyana , Harizanova Antoaneta , Koutzarova Tatyana , Vertruyen Benedicte
Published: February 2024

TiO2 and TiO2-NiO films were successfully derived by a sol–gel dip coating technology. The impact of the thermal treatments (300–600 °C) on the structural, optical and electrochromic properties was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that TiO2 films were polycrystalline and evolved in the anatase phase. The composite TiO2-NiO films, treated at annealing temperatures below 500 °C, contained anatase titania, a small inclusion of cubic NiO and an amorphous fraction. The formation of NiTiO3 was exposed after the highest annealing at 600 °C. The presence of Ti-O-Ni bonds was determined in the composite films by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The optical properties and the optical band gap of TiO2-NiO films were investigated and discussed. The transparency of the electrochromic TiO2-NiO films was 76.8 and 78.3% in the 380–700 nm spectral range after film thermal treatments at 300 and 500 °C. NiO incorporation led to the narrowing of the optical band gap. The electrochromic (EC) properties of the composite films were improved compared to TiO2 films. They had higher diffusion coefficients. Their color efficiencies are 37.6 (550 nm) and 52.2 cm2/C (600 nm).
Scattering of Ultrashort X-ray Pulses from Oriented NV Centers in the Diamond Structure
Authors: Makarov Dmitry , Eseev Marat , Gusarevich Eugeny , Matveev Viktor , Makarova Ksenia , Borisov Mark
Published: February 2024

It is well known that the basis of diffraction analysis of matter is scattering, including the scattering of ultrashort laser pulses. In the theory of scattering of ultrashort pulses, the pulse duration parameter is usually not taken into account, which leads to some error. This error may be more significant than the considered effects in the scattering of the pulse on the studied structure. In this paper, it is shown that the pulse duration parameter should be taken into account when scattering X-ray pulses on oriented diamonds with NV centers. It is shown that the scattering spectra can be used to judge the orientation of NV centers in the diamond structure. The obtained results may be very different from the widely used theory of diffraction analysis, which confirms the necessity of taking into account the pulse duration parameter in the diagnosis of complex structures.
A Tale of Two Sisters: The Southerner Pinna rudis Is Getting North after the Regional Extinction of the Congeneric P. nobilis (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
Authors: Oprandi Alice , Aicardi Stefano , Azzola Annalisa , Benelli Fabio , Bertolino Marco , Bianchi Carlo Nike , Chiantore Mariachiara , Ferranti Maria Paola , Mancini Ilaria , Molinari Andrea , Morri Carla , Montefalcone Monica
Published: February 2024

In the Mediterranean Sea, the bivalve genus Pinna is represented by two species: the endemic Pinna nobilis and the (sub)tropical Atlantic Pinna rudis. P. rudis is generally less common and mostly restricted to the warmer regions of the western Mediterranean. However, since a mass mortality event, caused by a pathogen infection, has brought P. nobilis to the brink of extinction, records of P. rudis have increased in several Mediterranean regions, where it had not been previously observed. This paper reports on the presence of several P. rudis individuals in the Ligurian Sea, the northernmost reach of this species in the western Mediterranean. P. rudis has become increasingly common between 2021 and 2023, with a total of 28 new records from seven localities along the Ligurian coast. The size of the individuals and their estimated growth rate (3.6 cm·a−1) indicated that a recruitment event most likely took place in summer 2020, when P. nobilis was no longer present in the area. Our observations suggest that the recruitment success of P. rudis increased following the decline of P. nobilis. However, considering the thermophilic nature of P. rudis, in all likelihood, the ongoing water warming is playing a crucial role in the successful establishment of this species in the Ligurian Sea. A full understanding of the recent range expansion of P. rudis in the Mediterranean is far from being achieved, and whether P. rudis will be able to fulfil the ecological role of P. nobilis is difficult to predict. Large scale monitoring remains the only effective way to know about the future of Pinnids in the Mediterranean Sea.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Machine Performance Checks as an Alternative to Winston–Lutz Quality Assurance Testing in the TrueBeam Linear Accelerator with HyperArc
Authors: Kim Eun Kyu , Kim Sung Yeop , Park Jae Won , Park Jaehyeon , Yea Ji Woon , Jo Yoon Young , Oh Se An
Published: February 2024

HyperArc is a preferred technique for treating brain metastases, employing a single isocenter for multiple lesions. Geometrical isocentricity in the TrueBeam linear accelerator with HyperArc is crucial. We evaluated machine performance checks (MPCs) as an alternative to the Winston–Lutz (WL) test to verify the treatment isocenter. Between January and July 2023, we assessed 53 data points using MPC and Winston–Lutz tests. The isocenter size obtained from the MPC and its sum, including the rotation-induced couch shift, were compared with the maximum total delta value from the Winston–Lutz test. The maximum total delta was 0.68 ± 0.10 mm, while the isocenter size was 0.28 ± 0.02 mm. The sum of the isocenter size and rotation-induced couch shift measured by MPC was 0.61 ± 0.03 mm. During the Winston–Lutz test (without couch rotation), the maximum total delta value was 0.56 ± 0.13 mm. A t-test analysis revealed a significant difference in the isocenter size averages between the Winston–Lutz and MPC outcomes, whereas the Pearson’s correlation coefficient yielded no correlation. Our study highlights the necessity for separate MPC and Winston–Lutz tests for isocenter verification. Therefore, the Winston–Lutz test should precede stereotactic radiosurgery for isocenter verification.