bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Psalmen 25–34 in den Qumran-Handschriften und im Masoretischen Text. Untersuchungen zu Textgestalt, Überlieferung und Komposition
Authors: Weber Beat
Published: December 2020

Unterschiede in der Textsequenz (MT ↔ 4Q83 und 4Q98) sowie eine Asymmetrie (Ps 26|32–33 = B/B’) innerhalb der chiastischen Kleinkomposition Ps 25–34 (ABCDXD’C’B’A’) lassen nach deren Vorgeschichte fragen. Dass die drei Psalmen der B/B’-slots später hinzukamen und eine 7-Psalm-Konfiguration zur vorliegenden 10-Psalm-Konfiguration erweitert wurde, ist wahrscheinlicher als dass Ps 33 allein eingefügt wurde. Eine Kompositionsbildung aus einer Hand bleibt ebenfalls eine Option.
How Old Is the Hebrew Bible? A Response to Ronald Hendel and Jan Joosten
Authors: Schmid Konrad
Published: December 2020

The book »How Old Is the Hebrew Bible?« by Ronald Hendel and Jan Joosten is an apt introduction to dating biblical texts linguistically. However, this approach is not capable to reliably determine how old the texts and writings of the Hebrew Bible are. Rather, different dating methods need to be balanced against each other in order to get sound results in that respect.
משׁפט undחק/חקה revisited. Neue rechtsanthropologische Impulse für ein altes Unterscheidungsproblem
Authors: Hopf Matthias
Published: December 2020

Üblicherweise werden die semantischen Unterschiede zwischen מִשְׁפָּט und חֹק/חֻקָּה als vernachlässigbar dargestellt. Demgegenüber wird hier vorgeschlagen, zwischen מִשְׁפָּט als Gewohnheitsrecht und חֹק/חֻקָּה als autoritätsgesetztem Recht zu differenzieren. Mit Leopold Pospíšils »Anthropologie des Rechts« im Hintergrund und auf der Basis etymologischer Überlegungen und Textbeispielen wird gezeigt, dass sich die Wurzeln שׁפט und חקק auf das Fällen von Entscheidungen in unterschiedlichen Bereichen bezieht: dem »Bereich des Rechts« und dem »Bereich politischer Entscheidungen« (Pospíšil).
Zum Zusammenspiel von Erzähler- und Protagonistenperspektive in den Brenner-Romanen von Wolf Haas
Authors: Hinterwimmer Stefan
Published: December 2020

In this paper I show that a close look at the use of demonstrative pronouns (DPros) of theder/die/dasparadigm in the crime novelAuferstehung der Toten(‘Resurrection of the dead’) by Wolf Haas allows us to gain a deeper understanding of the interplay of the narrator’s and the main protagonist’s perspective in narrative texts. At the same time, it provides an indirect argument against the assumption that the distribution of DPros can be fully derived from anti-logophoricity (Hinterwimmer and Bosch 2017) and in favor of an analysis sketched as an alternative in that paper: DPros avoid maximally prominent discourse referents as antecedents, where not only protagonists, but also narrators can be discourse referents. In text segments where the narrator’s perspective becomes prominent in virtue of evaluations, comments etc., the narrator is the maximally prominent discourse referent, while in text segments involvingFree Indirect Discourseor other forms of protagonist’s perspective-taking such asProtagonist Projection(Holton 1997, Stokke 2013) orViewpoint Shifting(Hinterwimmer 2017), the respective protagonist is the maximally prominent discourse referent. Finally, in text segments involving neutral narration where neither the narrator’s nor a protagonist’s perspective is salient, the respective discourse topic is the maximally prominent discourse referent.
Explorationen zur Genre-Grammatik von Volksnarrationen
Authors: Schulze Wolfgang
Published: December 2020

The following essay aims at elaborating some aspects of the genre grammar of linguistic practices embodied in folk narratives. It starts from the idea that linguistic practices like narratives are controlled by a corresponding genre-knowledge just as it holds for most types of human actions in general. Individual linguistic practices are thus sequenced and arranged according to a corresponding knowledge frame that is related to the situationally activated genre. The termtextis used to denote this sequence of situationally and interactionally coherent linguistic practices that are construed according to thegrammarof a ‘genre in action’. Agenrewill be understood as a semiotic unit whosesignifiantcorresponds to a set of types of lexical and grammatical patterns ultimately represented by the micro-structure of the text. Itssignifiéwill be interpreted as a text world model (TWM) that is internally invoked by the functionality, semantics, and quantification of the types of construction that occur in a text together with their syntax as well as by corresponding world knowledge. The essay first discusses some theoretical aspects of a genre-based approach to one kind of linguistic practices, namely narratives before turning to an illustration of the approach by referring to some selected aspects of two folk narratives, one taken from Grimms’ collection of folk narratives, the other stemming from the Udi community in the Eastern Caucasus (Northwestern Azerbaijan).
Dietary Supplement Use According to Sex and Triad Risk Factors in Collegiate Endurance Runners
Authors: Barrack Michelle , Fredericson Michael , Dizon Francis , Tenforde Adam , Kim Brian , Kraus Emily , Kussman Andrea , Singh Sonal , Nattiv Aurelia
Published: December 2020

Barrack, MT, Fredericson, M, Dizon, F, Tenforde, AS, Kim, BY, Kraus, E, Kussman, A, Singh, S, and Nattiv, A. Dietary supplement use according to sex and Triad risk factors in collegiate endurance runners. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 404–410, 2021—This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence in the use of dietary supplements among elite collegiate runners among 2 NCAA Division I cross-country teams. At the start of each season from 2015 to 2017, male and female endurance runners were recruited to complete baseline study measures; the final sample included 135 (male n = 65, female n = 70) runners. Runners completed a health survey, web-based nutrition survey, and Triad risk assessment. The prevalence of dietary supplement use and Triad risk factors, including disordered eating, low bone mass, amenorrhea (in women), low body mass index, and stress fracture history, was assessed. A total of 78.5% (n = 106) runners reported taking 1 or more supplements on ≥4 days per week over the past month, 48% (n = 65) reported use of ≥3 supplements. Products used with highest frequency included multivitamin/minerals 46.7% (n = 63), iron 46.7% (n = 63), vitamin D 34.1% (n = 46), and calcium 33.3% (n = 45). More women, compared with men, used iron (61.4 vs. 30.8%, p < 0.001) and calcium (41.4 vs. 24.6%, p = 0.04); men exhibited higher use of amino acids and beta-alanine (6.2 vs. 0%, p = 0.04). Runners with bone stress injury (BSI) history, vs. no previous BSI, reported more frequent use of ≥3 supplements (61.5 vs. 32.8%, p = 0.001), vitamin D (49.2 vs. 19.4%, p < 0.001), and calcium (47.7 vs. 19.4%, p = 0.001). Low bone mineral density was also associated with higher use of vitamin D and calcium. Most runners reported regular use of 1 or more supplements, with patterns of use varying based on sex, history of BSI, and bone mass.
Effects of Cluster Set Configuration on Mechanical Performance and Neuromuscular Activity
Authors: Ortega-Becerra Manuel , Sánchez-Moreno Miguel , Pareja-Blanco Fernando
Published: December 2020

Ortega-Becerra, M, Sánchez-Moreno, M, and Pareja-Blanco, F. Effects of cluster set configuration on mechanical performance and neuromuscular activity. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 310–317, 2021—The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different cluster set (CS) configurations on mechanical performance and electromyography (EMG) activity during the bench press (BP) exercise. Fourteen strength-trained men (age 23.0 ± 2.4 years; height 1.76 ± 0.08 m; body mass 78.3 ± 12.2 kg) performed 3 different protocols in the BP exercise consisting of 3 sets of 12 repetitions at 60% of 1 repetition maximum with interset rests of 2 minutes, differing in the set configuration: (a) traditional sets (TRDs), (b) cluster sets of 4 repetitions (CS4), and (c) cluster sets of 2 repetitions (CS2). Intraset rests of 30 seconds were interposed for CS protocols. The mean propulsive values of force, velocity, and power output were measured for every repetition by synchronizing a linear velocity transducer with a force platform. The root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MDF) for pectoralis major (PM) and triceps brachii (TB) muscles were also recorded for every repetition. Force, velocity, and power values progressively increased as the number of intraset rests increased (TRD < CS4 < CS2). The CS2 protocol exhibited lower RMS-PM than CS4 and TRD for almost all sets. In addition, TRDs showed significantly lower MDF-TB than CS2 for all sets and lower MDF-TB than CS4 during the third set. In conclusion, more frequent intraset rests were beneficial for maintaining mechanical performance, which may be mediated, from a neuromuscular perspective, by lesser increases in EMG amplitude and attenuated reductions in EMG frequency.
Explore Your Local Biodiversity – How School Grounds Evoke Visions of Sustainability
Authors: Fiedler Sonja T. , Heyne Thomas , Bogner Franz X.
Published: December 2020

Biodiversity and sustainability are key words of modern nature-of-science teaching. While most studies use rather abstract examples for biodiversity loss, we focused on habitats that students are familiar with. Our module was developed to deepen the understanding of domestic botanical ecosystems by having students work with and on designated pasture areas. The economic implications of sustainability were addressed by contrasting intensive and extensive agriculture, as well as by touching upon topics such as organic labels and modern agriculture. By focusing on domestic ecosystems within everyday contexts, combined with digital teaching methods, we successfully increased individual knowledge levels when taking before-and-after participation scores into account. Based on these results, we conclude that our approach to using different forms of pasture on the school grounds is a promising way to improve students’ understanding of the economic and ecological implications of sustainability.
Investigating Human Impacts on Local Water Resources & Exploring Solutions
Authors: Freidenfelds Nicole A. , Cisneros Laura M. , Rodriguez Laura , Park Byung-Yeol , Campbell Todd , Arnold Chester , Chadwick Cary , Dickson David , Moss David M. , Volin John C. , Willig Michael R.
Published: December 2020

An in-depth curricular unit exploring the effects of human land use on local water resources was created as part of a Teacher Professional Learning Program at the University of Connecticut’s Natural Resources Conservation Academy. This unit was designed to connect high school students to water resources in their community, both in the field and through the use of interactive mapping technology. These methods engage students in science and technology using multiple disciplines and can help them better understand how their local water resource is affected by the surrounding landscape. In this unit, students explore the dynamics of local water resources and the anthropogenic issues that affect them through field and open-access online inquiry-based activities. The varied lessons within this unit were purposefully created to align with the Next Generation Science Standards and to fit within either an earth science or a biology course. They use existing online geospatial tools and can be tailored to any geographic area of interest.
Multi-view Protocols
Authors: Sandwith Siara N. , Reisinger Michael A. , Schmidt Emily S. , Saunders Destinee W. , Richardson Adam E. , Chambers Antonio E. , Smaldino Melissa A. , Smaldino Philip J.
Published: December 2020

We present a novel adaptation of a typical science laboratory protocol, which we have termed multi-view protocols (MVPs). The purpose of MVPs is to answer and link three common questions asked by students when first learning a laboratory technique: (1) What am I supposed to do? (2) Where and how am I supposed to do it? (3) What exactly am I doing, anyway? The intent of MVPs is to facilitate parallel comprehension of both the physical “movements” of a technique and the theoretical principles behind each step of a protocol. With MVPs, we achieve this through three parallel columns that include a textual description of the protocol, photographs of the protocol being performed in the laboratory space, and an illustrative column that visually depicts the molecular details of the corresponding steps. Variations of MVPs may include having students create one or more of the parallel columns themselves. In the age of near ubiquitous high-resolution camera phones, MVPs are a practical and efficient way to simultaneously teach laboratory method and theory, adaptable to nearly any laboratory protocol.
Using Inquiry-Based Methods to Teach Spatial Statistics
Authors: Gregory Andrew J. , Spence Emma S.
Published: December 2020

Spatial statistics and experimental design are among the most important topics students in the environmental and ecological sciences learn and utilize throughout their careers. These topics are also among the most difficult for students to learn, often due to the use of contrived data sets that present simplified and unrealistic scenarios that fail to engage students in higher level thinking. One way to engage students in higher level thinking is to use an inquiry-based pedagogical framework. The use of inquiry as a pedagogical approach should be instinctive for most scientists, as it mimics how science is conducted, yet most instructors continue to use lecture-based, textbook-driven instructional formats. This type of approach is efficient in covering material, but it suffers in its ability to engage students or enhance learning. Using a Bigfoot data set in an inquiry-based framework, students in a cross-listed graduate/undergraduate statistics class learned ordinary least squares regression and geographically weighted regression techniques. These techniques are among the most frequently applied analyses in the natural sciences. The use of a Bigfoot data set engaged students’ interest, rendering the prospect of learning regression topics as an emergent property of their interest and engagement. This approach also has an additional benefit in that students learned not only key statistical concepts but also learn how to self-diagnose deficiencies with their models as well as how to identify strategies to overcome these deficiencies. We hope that both instructors and students in graduate and undergraduate statistics or spatial modeling courses find this case study, and included data sets, a useful and interesting approach to teach and learn regression and spatial regression.
Energy and the Environment
Authors: Shriver Thomas E. , Longo Stefano B. , Adams Alison E.
Published: December 2020

Research has highlighted the relationship between production expansion and the creation of sacrifice zones in advanced capitalist economies. Yet, less attention has focused on the establishment of such regions within authoritarian, state-socialist countries. We draw theoretical and conceptual insights from treadmill of production theory and the Gramscian theory of hegemony to delineate the interaction between legitimation processes used by authoritarian states to justify the physical destruction of the environment. Our analysis focuses on the historic case of environmental destruction in Czechoslovakia’s North Bohemian coal mining region. We analyze data from various sources, including in-depth interviews with residents, state media articles, and state archival sources. We find that the interactive processes of coercion, domination, and consent were used to propel the development and legitimation of environmental exploitation in this area. We argue that these processes, and the resultant sacrifice zones, are a central component of the treadmill of production. We conclude by discussing the implications of our results for further analyses of sacrifice zones.
Relationship between MLSB resistance and the prevalent virulence genotypes among Bulgarian Staphylococcus aureus isolates
Authors: Tsitou Virna-Maria , Mitov Ivan , Gergova Raina
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics, the mechanisms underlying this resistance and to evaluate their relationship with virulence genes profiles of 435 Bulgarian clinical isolates Staphylococcus aureus. The highest resistance was observed to penicillin (96.09%), followed by resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin (34.02 and 22.76%, respectively). Of the tested clinical strains of S. aureus, 96.09% contained the blaZ gene associated with penicillin resistance and 11.03%, the mecA gene responsible for methicillin resistance. The most prevalent were the erm genotypes associated with the presence mainly of ermA and ermC genes followed by ermB. The frequency rates of these genes, alone or in combinations were ermA 41.89%, ermB 27.70%, ermC 43.99%. The majority of Bulgarian macrolide resistant S. aureus exhibited cMLS phenotype, in 58.78% (P = 0.0036). The following virulence genotypes were present significantly more often in the macrolide resistant S. aureus isolates among the studied ones: hlg; hlg,seb; hlg,seb,sec; hlg,seb,seh; hlg,sec; hlg,sec,sei; hlg,sec,sei; hlg,sei; hlg,sei,sej; hlg,sej. This survey found correlation between the virulence profiles with a small number of genes and macrolide resistance among Bulgarian clinical S. aureus isolates, in contrast to sensitive strains, which possessed profiles predominantly with multiple genes.
KİTAB-I MUKADDES’İN TÜRKÇEYE ÇEVİRİ SÜRECİ VE ALİ UFKİ BEY’İN ÇEVİRİSİNİN ÖNEMİ
Authors: ÇİNPOLAT Salih
Published: December 2020

Kitab-ı Mukaddes’in bir bütün olarak Türkçeye çevirisi, Leh asıllı, sonradan Müslüman olmuş, uzun yıllar Osmanlı sarayında görev yapmış Ali Ufki Bey tarafından 1664/1666 yılında İstanbul’da yapılmıştır. Dönemin Hollanda elçisi Levinus Warner, bu çeviri sürecini İstanbul’da takip etmiş ve çeviri metinlerini kontrol edilerek basılması için Hollanda’ya göndermiştir. Ancak çevirinin basımı, yaşanan bazı olumsuzluklar nedeniyle 1827 yılında Paris’te yapılmıştır. Daha sonraki yıllarda Ali Ufki Bey’in çevirisi, dönemin dil özellikleri dikkate alınarak bazı değişiklik ve düzeltmelerle 1878, 1885, 1886, 1901, 1941 ve 2001 yıllarında defalarca basılmıştır. Yani günümüzde kullanılan Kitab-ı Mukaddes’in Türkçe çevirisi, temelde Ali Ufki Bey’in çevirisine dayanmaktadır. Bu nedenle Ali Ufki Bey’in çevirisi ve bu çevirinin günümüze ulaşma sürecinin takibi oldukça önemlidir. Çünkü Kitab-ı Mukaddes’in Türkçeye çevrilmesi ve günümüze ulaştırılması Protestan Hristiyanların ve Kitab-ı Mukaddes Şirketi’nin katkıları ile gerçekleşmiş ve Türklere yönelik Hristiyan misyonerliğinde Ali Ufki Bey’in çevirisi temel kaynak olarak sürekli kullanılmış ve kullanılmaktadır.
A Differential Privacy Mechanism that Accounts for Network Effects for Crowdsourcing Systems
Authors: Luo Yuan , Jennings Nicholas R.
Published: December 2020

In crowdsourcing systems, it is important for the crowdsource campaign initiator to incentivize users to share their data to produce results of the desired computational accuracy. This problem becomes especially challenging when users are concerned about the privacy of their data. To overcome this challenge, existing work often aims to provide users with differential privacy guarantees to incentivize privacy-sensitive users to share their data. However, this work neglects the network effect that a user enjoys greater privacy protection when he aligns his participation behaviour with that of other users. To explore this network effect, we formulate the interaction among users regarding their participation decisions as a population game, because a user’s welfare from the interaction depends not only on his own participation decision but also the distribution of others’ decisions. We show that the Nash equilibrium of this game consists of a threshold strategy, where all users whose privacy sensitivity is below a certain threshold will participate and the remaining users will not. We characterize the existence and uniqueness of this equilibrium, which depends on the privacy guarantee, the reward provided by the initiator and the population size. Based on this equilibria analysis, we design the PINE (Privacy Incentivization with Network Effects) mechanism and prove that it maximizes the initiator’s payoff while providing participating users with a guaranteed degree of privacy protection. Numerical simulations, on both real and synthetic data, show that (i) PINE improves the initiator’s expected payoff by up to 75%, compared to state of the art mechanisms that do not consider this effect; (ii) the performance gain by exploiting the network effect is particularly good when the majority of users are flexible over their privacy attitudes and when there are a large number of low quality task performers.
Tersiyer merkezde 5 yıllık Histeroskopi deneyiminin sonuçları
Authors: SEZGİN Burak , AKIN Melike Nur , AKBABA Eren , SARUHAN Ercan
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada akademik bir hastanede son 5 yılda yapılan histeroskopi deneyimimizin sonuçlarını değerlendirmek istedik.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Herhangi bir endikasyonla histeroskopi yapılan hastaları verileri retrospektif olarak analiz edildi. Diagnostik veya operatif histeroskopi yapılan hastaların klinik ve histopatolojik sonuçları dokümante edildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 202 olgunun ortalama yaşları 42.83 ± 9.58 yıl, gravidaları 2.67 ± 1.29, pariteleri 2.04 ± 0.95 olarak hesaplandı. Hastaların 162 si (% 80.2) premenopozal 40 ı (% 19.8) postmenopozal dönemdeydi. Hastalarda saptanan en sık komorbid hastalıklar sırasıyla, hipertansiyon (9.4%), diabetes mellitus (4.5%), tiroid hastalığı (4%) ve meme kanseri (3.5%) olarak görüldü. Preoperatif endometrial kalınlık ortalaması 12.80 ± 6.10 mm idi. Histeroskopi öncesi hastaların 135 ine SIS işlemi uygulandı ve bunların 97.8% inde kavitede yer kaplayan kitle tespit edildi. Tespit edilen bu intrakaviter kitlelerin ortalama en büyük çapı 13.72 ± 6.21 mm idi. Tüm hastaların 7 sinde (3.5%) tekrar histeroskopi yapılma ihtiyacı oldu. Histeroskopi öncesi hastalarda en sık görülen semptomlar; menometroraji (%54.5), polimenore (%14.4), postmenopozal kanama (%10.9) ve infertilite (%9.4) olarak saptandı. Komplikasyon olarak vakaların 1’inde (%0.5) uterus perforasyonu ve 2’sinde (1%) aşırı kanama görüldü. Kavite içinde kitlelerin yerleşim yerlerine bakıldığında en sık fundus lokalizasyonu (43.4%) tespit edildi. Histopatolojik inceleme sonucu 142 olguda (%70.3) endometrial polip, 19 (%9.4) olguda myoma uteri olarak raporlandı. 3 (1.5 %) vakada endometrial kanser saptandı

Sonuç: Kliniğimizde en sık endometrial polip nedeniyle histeroskopi yapılmış olup en sık semptom ve girişim, menometroraji ve polip rezeksiyonu olarak belirlendi. Kavitede yer kaplayan lezyonların tespitinde Histeroskopi öncesi SİS kullanımının yaygın olduğu görüldü. Komplikasyon oranımız literatür ile uyumlu olarak düşük bulundu.
VARIATIONS OF THE SUPERFICIAL PALMAR ARCH: A CLINICO-ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATION
Authors:   Senior Resident of Anatomy, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India., Dawani Pooja , Mahajan Anita ,   Director Professor of Anatomy, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India., Mishra Sabita ,   Director Professor and Head of Anatomy, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India., Vasudeva Neelam ,   Ex. Director Professor of Anatomy, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The superficial palmar arch plays a vital role in the blood supply to the hand. The knowledge of variations in the pattern of superficial palmar arch and its branches, and caliber of these arteries, has become more important for surgeons in reconstructive hand surgeries and radial artery harvesting for myocardial revascularization. The aim of this study was to observe the variations and measure the diameter of contributing arteries of the arches. Materials and methods: In the present study, thirty hands from formalin fixed adult human cadavers were dissected. Normal pattern as well as variations in the arteries contributing to the arch, completeness of arch, and the branching pattern were observed and noted. With the help of a digital caliper, the diameters of ulnar and radial arteries and median artery were taken at the level of the wrist and statistical analysis of the results was done. Results: It was observed that in 96.7 % cases, the superficial palmar arch was complete where there was anastomosis between the arteries forming the arch. In 3.3% cases, the arch was incomplete. The complete arch was divided into radioulnar (36.7%), ulnar (56.7%) and medianoulnar (3.3%) types. The diameter of superficial palmar branch of radial artery was found to be significantly less than the diameter of ulnar artery. (p=0.003). Conclusion: The data obtained on variations and morphometry of superficial palmar arches will certainly be useful in planning and choosing appropriate and safe surgical procedures to prevent inadvertent outcome. KEY WORDS: Palmar arch, blood supply, Hand, radial artery, myocardial revascularization.
SITE-SPECIFIC FASCIA TUNING PEGS AND PLACES OF PERILOUS PASSAGE MYOFASCIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN UPPER EXTREMITY ENTRAPMENT NEUROPATHIES: A CLINICAL ANATOMISTS VIEW
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Clinical Sciences, University of Chester/NTC, 15-16aSt Joseph’s Parade, Dorset St, DO7 FR6C, Dublin, Ireland., Sharkey John
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was to identify common anatomical locations of densified fascia associated with axillary, musculocutaneous, median, ulnar and radial nerve entrapment. Additionally, a proposal concerning a tensegrity based expansive decompressive protective role of muscles and ligaments as ‘site-specific fascia tuning pegs’ is offered for consideration. This observational report provides a means to stimulate research into the dynamics of force transfer via tensegral mechanotransductive pathways possibly decompressing neurovascular structures. Morphological changes to fascia profunda, septal tissues, epineurium, perineurium and endomysial tissue in continuity with neural structures were noted. Entrapment neuropathies involving the upper extremity are a growing and widespread phenomenon within modern society. Upper extremity neuropathies affect dentists, athletes (professional and recreational), pianists, grocery store employees, office workers, cab drivers and a host of other professional and non-professional individuals. Neurovascular insults can develop at multiple sites referred to by anatomists as the three P’s [i.e. Places of Perilous Passage]. The complexity of the inter-communicating nerve network, known as the brachial plexus, is well described as are the referred pain patterns of the contributing terminal branches. Sensory innervation to the upper extremity includes most of the axilla while excluding a specific region of the medial upper extremity and axilla which is supplied by the intercostobrachial nerve [i.e. T2]. This observational study identified specific anatomical locations where increased fascial densification lead to reduced gliding of the various facial laminae due to densified, fibrotic or adhered fascial tissues. A new hypothesis emerged concerning “site-specific fascia tuning pegs” described as biological instruments [i.e. muscle fibers and ligaments] that modify the length and width of the various specialist neural and vascular tubes [i.e. epineurium, tunica adventitia]. This author hopes that providing this information will assist in improving diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of upper extremity neurovascular insults that result in pain or unpleasant changes in sensation. KEY WORDS: Neuropathy, Fascia, Entrapment, Brachial Plexus, Tensegrity, Densification, Fibrotic, Site-Specific Fascia Tuning Pegs.
THE ROLE OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI STEM BARK ON FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN WISTAR RATS
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, MNR Medical College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India., Prasad Mergu , Venugopal Satya Prasad ,   Additional Professor, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Yadadri - Bhuvanagiri, Telangana, India.
Published: December 2020

Background: The medicinal plant's role is well established in folklore medicine in India. Among numerous health complications, infertility is a crucial condition that bothers modern society. The traditional practitioners are using various parts of plants to overcome infertility in women. One such plant is Syzygium cumini (stem bark), used by traditional practitioners for pro-fertility in females without the scientific literature endorsing the fact. Material and Methods: Wistar rats approximately six months age and weighing 190-210 g were used for the experimental study. The rats were treated with 500 mg/kg body weight of Syzygium cumini stem bark ethanol extract with a vehicle through oral administration. The ether anaesthesia was given on the day of sacrifice and noted the body weight. The ovaries were carefully dissected, cleaned, weighed and processed for histological studies. Results: The body and ovarian weights were slightly increased in the treated group but not statistically significant. The microscopic structure of the ovary showed a normal histo-architecture. The ovarian corpora lutea number increased and was statistically significant in the treated group when compared to control. Conclusions: So, from the present study, it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of stem bark of Syzygium cumini brings about the pro-fertility effect on the female reproductive system in Wistar rats. KEY WORDS: Estrous cycle, Hormones, Reproductive system, Syzygium cumini.
Prevalencia de depresión de tipo vascular en hombres y mujeres mayores y su relación con el deterioro cognitivo
Authors: Fernández Fernández Guillermo , Lepe Morelos Lorena
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de depresión en mujeres y hombres mayores de 65 y hasta 103 años en Colima, México en una estancia geriátrica a partir de los resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Envejecimiento. La metodología utilizada fue de corte tipo expo facto transversal, no experimental, a través de la aplicación de instrumentos de valoración Geriátrica, se determinó la prevalencia de depresión en las 109 personas de un rango de edad de 65 a 103 años de edad. Dentro de los principales resultados se encontró que existe una prevalencia de depresión en personas mayores, siendo el DC,(deterioro cognitivo) el principal factor desencadenante del trastorno. El estudio concluye que los hombres presentan menor DC así como depresión, debido a variables como la socialización activa, la estimulación cognitiva y la actividad física (domino, baraja, ejercicio físico, etc.).
Equidad de género en el ocio de las personas mayores
Authors: Alonso López Isabel Damiana , Aguilar Parra José Manuel
Published: December 2020

Según el Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) a fecha del 7 de noviembre de 2019 destaca que “Casi dos tercios de los mayores españoles se sienten felices, una proporción mayor que sus similares europeos”, lo que representa a más de seis millones de ciudadanos con una edad igual o superior a los 65 años.Teniendo en cuenta que casi la mitad del total indica que su actividad relevante diaria es el ocio, se hace necesario conocer en qué invierten dicho tiempo, si existen diferencias de género al respecto y si el período de senectud dificulta la práctica o no de sus acciones. La comunicación que nos ocupa, muestra,además, la relevancia de un envejecimiento activo,aquel que“permite a las personas realizar su potencial de bienestar físico, social y mental a lo largo de todo su ciclo vital” (Organización Mundial de la Salud, 2012) en el que las diferentes actividades llevadas a cabo se realicen con criterios equilibrados, flexibles, en función de las características individuales para que ese tiempo de ocio, de disfrute personal, sea motivador y significativo, dejando atrás el sedentarismo relacionado con los medios de comunicación, principalmente, que pueda provocar o acrecentar problemas de salud ya diagnosticados.
Alfabetización tecnológica
Authors: Castuera Paula , Cavero Sara , Domínguez Mª Ángeles , García Pierna Sara , Gaztañaga Elene , González Raquel , Iglesias Isabel , Martín Cristina , Nogal Belén , Urra María , García Roncero Carmen
Published: December 2020

Introducción: El entorno social, económico y cultural está sufriendo una transformación causada por las tecnologías informáticas, convirtiéndose casi indispensables en nuestras vidas. Sin embargo, la edad anciana puede presentar problemas de adaptación, desencadenando una falta de alfabetización tecnológica que en el ámbito sanitario podría repercutir en su calidad de vida. El objetivo es observar cómo afectan las nuevas tecnologías a los ancianos, y proponer intervenciones enfermeras que favorezcan su adaptación a esta nueva era. Material y Métodos: Se han consultado artículos publicados a partir de 2009, de cualquier parte del mundo, de extensión completa gratuita, en español e inglés. Las bases de datos consultadas han sido PubMed, Google Académico, Mesh, ScienceDirect, Trip Database, IBECS y DeCS. Resultados: Actualmente las tecnologías están adaptándose y evolucionando de forma diferente por el mundo, suponiendo un avance en todos los lugares. Se ha observado un efecto positivo en cuanto a la relación y comunicación entre los ancianos y su entorno,siendo recomendable proporcionar una mayor estimulación cognitiva con respecto a estas. Discusión: La mayor parte de la evidencia encontrada apunta al beneficio que la tecnología aporta respecto a la conexión de los ancianos con su entorno social. En sanidad, la teleasistencia ha demostrado mejorar la calidad de vida de los ancianos. Así como la receta electrónica ayuda con la adherencia farmacológica y supone comodidad para pacientes crónicos y/o pluripatológicos, la cita telemática disminuye las largas esperas de consulta. Conclusión: Las tecnologías, asociadas al aislamiento social, teleasistencia y receta electrónica, tienen efecto positivo en la calidad de vida de la población anciana. Proporcionándoles una ejercitación de su actividad cerebral, una mayor autoestima y comodidad, solucionando sus problemas de salud desde casa sin tener que acercarse a un centro sanitario.
Institucionalización: abandono o la mejor opción
Authors: Gutiérrez Báez Paula , Acosta Cano Rocío , Angulo Silva Maira Alejandra , Álvarez Domínguez Pablo , Casado de Paula María , Coca Casado Diego , Oliver Ledesma Clara , Sánchez Lucas Mercedes , Meimije María del Sol , Seco Jiménez Lucía
Published: December 2020

Introducción: El predominio de la población envejecida y los cambios sociales y económicos de la actualidad, hacen preciso que la institucionalización sea un recurso cada vez más común en nuestro país. Esto viene acompañado de sentimientos tanto positivos como negativos por parte del paciente geriátrico y sus familiares. El objetivo principal de esta revisión es analizar el proceso de adaptación a la institucionalización con los cambios emocionales y psicosociales que atañen tanto al anciano como a su entorno. Material y métodos: Se realiza una búsqueda de artículos tanto en castellano como en inglés en distintas bases de datos como PubMed y CINHAL y metabuscadores. Se seleccionan un total de 19 artículos usando la estrategia PICO, incluyendo tesis y trabajos fin de grado. Resultados: La depresión y la dependencia son los principales problemas que aparecen al ingreso en el centro residencial. Para el abordaje de estos, se realiza una valoración mediante escalas siguiendo las necesidades propias del paciente, personalizando así los cuidados en la institucionalización. La dependencia familiar complica la adaptación al cambio. Discusión: En un primer momento, la imagen de la residencia suele ser negativa, la cual va cambiando con el tiempo. La depresión disminuye a mayor tiempo de internamiento al irse adaptando al centro. Es importante que la familia respete las normas y mantenga el contacto con el paciente, así como la intervención del equipo multidisciplinar. Conclusiones: La institucionalización supone un gran cambio para el anciano y su familia, el cual se irá superando hasta considerarlo su nuevo hogar.
Designing a Virtual World to Mirror the Real Challenges of Life as an Amputee
Authors: Winkler Sandra , Kairalla John , Ludwig Ann , Fowler Chris
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research was to further understand the experience of using a customized avatar in a virtual world to practice desired health behaviors. By triangulating the quantitative and qualitative data of 12 amputee participants, we discovered that salient factors of having an amputation had a profound impact on the measure of health outcomes. This in turn masked the measured effect of the virtual self-management intervention on health outcomes. We also learned that our training was not closely enough aligned with the constructs that we measured. We discuss how to address these gaps in future studies including adding serious games to a virtual world environment to facilitate disclosure of and adjustment to the salient factors and to better align the simulations with desired outcomes.
Editorial, Vol. 7, No. 4
Authors: De Gloria Alessandro
Published: December 2020

This editorial intriduces the fourth issue of the seventh volume of the International Journal of Serious Games. The issue features five regular papers and one communication.
ORTHODOX CHURCH OF GEORGIA AND CORONA VIRUS PANDEMIC
Authors: TATENASHVILI Tea
Published: December 2020

2020 was unusual for entire world. Corona Virus was announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization and it became the key challenge for the world.
Unexpectedly pandemic changed a political, economic, social life, it also put the issue of changing religious rituals up on the agenda. It made a dramatic change, changing not only lifestyle thoroughly but also it influenced public values and fundamental principles.
Georgia, as the part of the global space was not able to avoid the problem. In order to prevent dissemination of the virus, Georgian government closed the borders of Georgia for the foreign citizens, it announced the emergency condition, closed trading facilities, stopped functioning of the enterprises, enforced curfew, prohibited gathering of more than three people and set charges for violation of the rule.
For prevention of the virus, different confessions were forced to introduce changes in their services. Georgian Orthodox Church was an exception together with several churches of the world (Poland, Greece, Serbia). The patriarch of Georgia decided not to change the service rule despite high risk. It became the reason for excitement and criticism of clergymen, theologists, politicians and citizens in general. There were different positions and opinions inside the church itself, among the clergymen. The society had different opinions regarding the fact. This step made by the church was evaluated by some people as anti-social and anti-human decision. In the country, where the belief and traditions are closely connected, change of eucharist rule and close churches for the prayers are very sensitive issue. This is why due to respect to the Georgian church and Synod, as well as for high interest of the society, we decided to learn problem deeper. Actually, the following questions were asked, like what was the cause for the decision? Why the opinion of the churchmen, as well as parish and society were divided? What is the role of the state in solution of such problem?
The article is focused on two key problems, one is receiving eucharist by the same spoon and the issue of social distance in the churches. In order to learn the issue deeper we got known with the opinion of the clergymen and theologist.
The Goal of the Study: Objective assessment of the latest developments, understanding relationship between the state and the church, analyzing the issue of freedom of belief.
The Methodology of the Study: The study is mainly based on the historical study method: description, comparative-historical method, empirical analysis, causal-historical analysis. Observation of the publications, analysis of the statements and opinions of the Patriarch of Georgia and high-ranking officials of the Patriarchate, as well as state officials, the representatives of the opposition parties, checking of the disseminated information and sources detecting method. Analysis of the governmental and opposition TV data and official versions.
SOĞMATAR RÖLYEF VE YAZITLARI
Authors: ALBAYRAK Yusuf , ÇELİK Bahattin
Published: December 2020

Soğmatar, Şanlıurfa ilinin 60 km. güneydoğusunda, Harran ilçesinin 40 km. kuzey doğusunda Tektek dağlarında önemli su kaynaklarının bulunduğu bir alanda yer almaktadır. Kalkolitik Çağ’dan başlayıp, Orta ve Erken Tunç Çağı, Demir Çağı, Roma Dönemi ve İslami Dönem’den günümüze kadar kesintisiz yerleşim gören Soğmatar, özellikle M.S. 2. yüzyılda Ay Tanrısı Sin’e tapınım ile dikkat çekmektedir. Soğmatar’ın bulunduğu alan çoğunlukla alçak tepeler şeklinde kayalıklardan oluşmaktadır. İşlenmesi kolay olan kayalıklara sahip bu alan hem Erken Tunç Çağ’ında hem de Roma döneminde bir nekropol alanı olarak da kullanılmıştır. Soğmatar’da gerek ana kaya üzerine işlenmiş gerekse de bağımsız şekilde yapılmış pek çok rölyef ve heykeltıraşlık eseri yer almaktadır. Bu eserlerin yanlarında ve üst taraflarında eser hakkında bilgi veren yazıtlar vardır. Bu yazıtlarda Ay Tanrısı Sin ve Maralahe isimlerinin yanında, dönemin yöneticileri ve ailelerinin isimleri de yer alır. Soğmatar’daki Sin kültünün varlığı bu yazıtlarda sık bir şekilde vurgulanmıştır. Bu yazıtlarda Sin’in yanında “tanrıların efendisi” olarak tanımlanan Maralahe ismi de okunması Soğmatar’ın kutsal bir alan olduğunu göstermektedir. Yazıtlarda, o eserin kim için yapıldığı, kimler tarafından yapıldığı, hatırlatma ve anma ifadeleri yanında esere zarar verilmemesi gibi uyarı ifadeleri de yer almaktadır. Yazıtlarda yer alan tarihlerde o dönem hakkında bize çeşitli bilgileri de sunmaktadır. Soğmatar kült merkezinde bulunan heykeltıraşlık eserlerin çokluğu ve kendine özgü işleniş biçimine göre buranın bir heykeltıraşlık merkezi olduğu düşünülebilir. Bölgede heykeltıraşlık eserler veren Edessa, Harran ve Palmyra antik kentleri dışında Soğmatar kült merkezi de önemli bir yer olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
High resolution negative silicone rubber impressions of perforation on stone personal elements for technological studies v1
Authors: Viola Stefano , Gios Matteo , Tecchiati Umberto , Viola Stefano
Published: December 2020

Although several scientific papers mention the use of HD silicone based impression materials for the study of small perforations, until today there are no published explicit and detailed protocols in this research's field. This technique is particularly useful in the field of the technological study of prehistoric ornaments, in particular for drilling methods. Unfortunately, the originals are often not suitable to be analysed with the main high magnification methods (they are delicate objects; they cannot be moved; they have several hidden points for direct observation) and require the development of a specific study methodology.To explain the method in detail, we propose a procedure divided into 11 phases, and some intermediate steps, capable to obtain an accurate replica suitable for SEM analysis. This procedure is applied on a Neolithic carnelian bead (hard stone) from Mali (G. Calegari Private Collection, Milan) as part of a scientific research aimed at documenting the technological indicators present on the object and their interpretation. Impressions were taken on the hole on the two faces (hole A and B) and part of the surfaces (surface A and B).Thanks to the very short contact times and the good mechanical characteristics of the used product (HD negative impression silicone) the procedure is a safe, easy, cheap, portable, low-time consuming and very effective, especially in the case of hidden surfaces such as inside of perforations.
CuPCR SARS-Cov-2 v1
Authors: Ronacher B , Reschreiter Christoph
Published: December 2020

RNA based diagnostic test of different human samples (nasopharyngeal swabs, saliva) to detect SARS-Cov-2. The test requires RNA/DNA extraction and a follow-up RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). The test covers the N-gene and RdRp-gene and covers a human control as well. The human control safeguards the validity of sample taking and test procedure.
Sensor Protocol updated v2
Authors: not provided s.yao
Published: December 2020

The CoV-SARS-2 Antigen Diagnostic kit is a test intended for the qualitative detection of intact SARS-CoV-2 virions (SARS-CoV-2 is abbreviated as SARS-2 herein) in upper and lower respiratory specimens (such as nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs, sputum, lower respiratory tract aspirates, bronchoalveolar lavage, and nasopharyngeal wash/aspirate or nasal aspirate) collected from individuals for COVID-19 diagnosis.
Rapid column Ag test v1
Authors: Berking Anne
Published: December 2020

The "Rapid Ag test based on Alpaca Nanobodies" is a test developed with single domain antibodies. This type of antibody is capable of effectively recognize the Spike protein on the surface of SARS-CoV2 leading a signal that is 10 times stronger than conventional antibodies. It takes only 16 minutes from sample to result. The procedures for using this test were designed to ensure an easy use and interpretation, making it a quick and simple test.
STYLISTIC ROLE OF PHRASEOLOGY IN THE WORKS OF A. MAKAENKA
Authors: Kazimirsky T.
Published: December 2020

The article talks about the stylistic use of phraseological units in the works A. Makaenka. Attention is drawn to both normative and individual author’s use of phraseological units. There are two types of stylistic use of phrases – the use of phraseological units in an unchanged form and the use of phraseological units with changes of various character. There are such methods of structural and semantic changes of phraseological units as replacement of one component by another; combining two phraseological units into one; complication of phraseological units by the word of free use. The most important stylistic functions are the increase, refinement and even change of the semantics of phrases, the actualization of attention, the allocation of a certain thought, the strengthening of the impact on the reader, the creation of a new means of characteristics, evaluation of speakers or the attitude to those to whom the speech is addressed. Phraseological units are characterized as a means of forming an individual author’s style of the playwright.
INFLUENCE OF COGNITIVE DYSONANCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM
Authors: Krech T. , Milyeva I.
Published: December 2020

The language system is susceptible to the many changes that occur in society and the consciousness of its members. Language units can be motivated by taboos – a phenomenon that causes a person to abandon the use of some language units and replace them with others that are more suitable for this communicative situation. Such a replacement is due to mental rejection, emotional discomfort, in fact, cognitive dissonance, which is born as a result of various objective and subjective factors. The presence in the human mind of a fideistic attitude to the word is a psychological reality. Therefore, the use of replacement words as a result of a certain mental discomfort has become the subject of research not only for linguists, but also for scientists who deal with issues of culture, religion, ethnography, and especially psychology. Some sources that we used to write an article are not so much of a linguistic nature, but rather of a psycholinguistic one. At the same time, scientists note that consciously or unconsciously, but a person always feels a greater role of associative connections between a word and a named subject. The purpose of the article is to study language units motivated by ancient remnants, and to determine the role of euphemisms in the communication process. It is these “soft” expressions that make speech more pleasant, one that protects the psyche and aesthetic feelings of a person.