bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns and predictors of female sexual dysfunction in diabetes mellitus
Authors: SACHDEVA ANKUR , KUMAR VIPIN , KHULLAR SHILPA , SHARMA ANJALI , DAS ASIM
Published: February 2024

Background

Sexual complications of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) are often neglected by the patients as well as clinicians. The neglect is more in women due to the associated stigma and taboo. Indian studies are scanty, varied and inconsistent, regarding the impact of DM on sexual functioning in women. We studied the patterns and predictors of sexual dysfunction in women with DM.

Methods

We did a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study comprising 50 participants in both the study (women with DM1 and DM2) and control groups (relatives/caregivers of patients and the hospital staff), selected randomly from the medicine outpatient department from May to August 2016. Approval from the institutional ethics committee was obtained. Clinical anxiety and depression were screened using the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Sexual dysfunction was assessed through female sexual function index scale (FSFI), and predictors were assessed by correlating FSFI scores with sociodemographic and clinical parameters.

Results

We found that 44% of women with DM had sexual dysfunction compared with 20% in the control group (p<0.01). The pattern of sexual dysfunction was seen across the domains of desire, arousal, lubrication and orgasm. High body mass index, higher age, duration of DM, treatment with insulin and complications of DM predicted a greater degree of sexual dysfunction among women.

Conclusion

Sexual dysfunction is common in women with DM, irrespective of the type of DM and coexisting psychological factors such as depression and anxiety.
Incorporating ABC in physiology education: Active learning, blended learning and curricular changes
Authors: SOUNDARIYA KRISHNAMURTHY , VELUSAMI DEEPIKA
Published: February 2024

Physiology is of central importance in medicine. Teaching the complex physiological frameworks to the current generation of students with the implementation of competency-based medical education (CBME) has become a challenging task. Development of digital technology in educational field during Covid-19 pandemic has made medical educators modify their teaching learning strategies from traditional to blended mode. We offer tips to embrace the three major challenges namely, generational diversity with active learning strategies, technological growth with blended learning, and strategies to implement curricular changes in physiology education. Adult learning principles involve active learning as a crux component. Various simple active teaching strategies that can be adapted for large and small group teaching are highlighted. Blended learning is characterized by self-paced learning, and face-to-face training sessions with online collaborative learning. Simple ways to incorporate the blended mode of teaching strategies with the use of virtual platforms and learning management system (LMS) are described. Further, we discuss the nuances that help to adapt the various curriculum changes brought about by the implementation of CBME. Teaching physiology is an ever-challenging task. With an appropriate mindset, medical educators can turn these challenges into opportunities and make teaching learning a better experience.
Spatial and temporal variation of the Formicidae assemblage in different forest types of the Chaco Seco ecoregion, Argentina
Authors: Barrientos Gualterio , Dettler Antonela , Martínez Emilia , Vazquez Florencia , Ansa Agustina , Santadino Marina , Ewens Mauricio , Craig Elena , Riquelme Virgala María
Published: February 2024

Ants have been widely used as bioindicators of natural and disturbed environments. In Argentine Chaco Seco, ants represent an important part of the total biodiversity and fulfil various functions in forest ecosystems. With the aim of evaluating β diversity and identifying indicator ants, surveys were carried out in three types of implanted forests: Neltuma alba (mesquite), Eucalyptus tereticornis (eucalyptus) and mixed forests without intervention for 50 years, mainly composed of Ceiba speciosa and Phoenix canariensis, located at the Fernández Experimental Station of the Catholic University of Santiago del Estero. The samplings were carried out in spring, summer and autumn, between 2019 and 2022, using pitfall traps that remained active for 24 h. The abundance and composition of Formicidae at each site and season were evaluated using the Jaccard similarity index and generalized linear mixed models. A total of 7366 individuals grouped into 28 species belonging to 6 Formicidae subfamilies were identified. Some species were present at all sites and seasons, with Solenopsis saevissima, Camponotus mus and Pheidole bergii being the most abundant in the mesquite, eucalyptus and mixed stands, respectively. In addition, three exclusive species of N. alba, two of E. tereticornis and one of the mixed stand were identified. Furthermore, it was observed that the myrmecological composition varied seasonally, mainly during autumn. These results demonstrate that due to the characteristics of each site, representative groups of ants can be found for each that could be used as indicators of each type of environment and that the temporal variation of the communities is favored by the diversification of the habitats, which offer different resources during each season of the year, increasing the turnover rate.
Gender differentiation of interethnic marriages of the population of the North Caucasus
Authors: Ельчинова Г.И. , Зинченко Р.А.
Published: February 2024

Смешение народов и рас – естественный механизм социальной и биологической адаптации населения Земли к постоянно меняющемуся миру, в связи с чем проблема метисации населения и ее темпов является актуальной для исследователей различных специальностей. Из архива лаборатории генетической эпидемиологии ФГБНУ «МГНЦ» для анализа были отобраны 21640 брачных записей за 1990-2000 гг. (тотально) из Прикубанского, Зеленчукского, Адыге-Хабльского (Республика Карачаево-Черкесия) и Пригородного, Правобережного, Моздокского (Республика Северная Осетия- Алания) районов. Выбирались районы с максимальной полиэтничностью населения. Наиболее высокий уровень межэтнических браков как у мужчин, так и у женщин (более половины) наблюдался у пришлого населения: у армян, азербайджанцев и украинцев. Показано, что выявленная гендерная дифференциация межэтнических браков не является существенной и систематической, а носит, скорее всего, случайный характер.

The mixing of peoples and races is a natural mechanism of social and biological adaptation of the Earth’s population to a constantly changing world, and therefore the problem of population mixing and its pace is relevant for researchers of various specialties. 21640 marriage records for 1990-2000 (totally) from 6 districts were selected from the archive of the Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology of the Federal State Medical University «MGNC» for analysis: Prikubansky, Zelenchuksky, Adyge-Khablsky (Karachay-Cherkessia) and Prigorodny, Pravoberezhny, Mozdoksky (North Ossetia). The districts with the maximum polyethnicity of the population were chosen. The highest level of interethnic marriages among both men and women (more than half) in the foreign population are Armenians, Azerbaijanis and Ukrainians. It is shown that the revealed gender differentiation of interethnic marriages is not significant and systematic, but is most likely random.
Influence of various types of surfactants on gas emissions and microbiota of the liquid fraction of manure effluents
Authors:   Vyatka State Agrotechnological University, Pilip L. V. , Syrchina N. V. ,   Vyatka State University, Kolevatykh E. P. ,   Kirov State Medical University, Rutman V. V. ,   Vyatka State University
Published: February 2024

Various surfactants are widely used in modern industrial animal husbandry. As part of detergents and pharmacological veterinary preparations, surfactants inevitably fall into manure effluents (ME), resulting in a change in the properties of ME. The study of the effect of various types of surfactants on the gas release and microbiota of the liquid fraction (LF) of ME was carried out on the example of surfactants with different biocidal activity: sodium laureth sulfate – anionactive surfactant (AS), lauryldimethylamine oxide – nonionic surfactant (NS) and benzalkonium chloride – cationic surfactant (CS). The studies were conducted under laboratory conditions. The total observation time since the introduction of additives in the LF (0,01 g per 1 liter) was 14 days. The obtained data shows changes in the dynamics of greenhouse gases (CH4 and CO2) and odor-forming substances (H2S, NH3, RSH) emission, as well as in the composition of the microbiota of biofilms and bacterioplankton, under the influence of surfactants. The dynamics of the CH4 emission differ from those of other gases. The use of CS leads to a gradual increase in CH4 emission a week after application. This may be due to increased permeability of the cytoplasmic membranes of methanogenic archaea with increased chemical resistance. The application of various types of surfactants into the LF has different effects on the dynamics of the odor-forming substances emission, and the active emission period of mercaptans becomes longer. The highest level of ethyl mercaptan was observed in the option with NS. There was no significant difference in the effect of low concentrations of various surfactants on the microbiota of LF, however the AS has a more pronounced bacteriostatic effect on set of indicators. The most tolerant to the effects of all types of surfactants were Clostridia, which dominates the microbiota biofilms and bacterioplankton. Fungi were the second most abundant in biofilms of the LF.
The factors of forming the floristic structure of railway stations embankment (on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan)
Authors:   Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M.Akmullah, Gareeva S. A. , Khusainov A. F. ,   Ufa Multidisciplinary Professional College, Abramova L. M. ,   Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2024

Railroad embankments are special types of ruderal ecotopes in human-transformed areas. Railways are active channels for transzonal plant migration and are open to colonization by alien plant species. The aim of the research was to identify the factors of formation as well as the comparative analysis of the activity of partial floras species at six railway stations of the Republic of Bashkortostan located in three natural and climatic zones of the Southern Urals: the forest-steppe Cis-Urals, the steppe Trans-Urals and the Mountain-Forest Urals. The total flora comprised 288 species of vascular plants, including: 125 at the Kandry station, 124 at Buzdyak, 105 at Beloretsk, 128 at Inzer station, 157 at Sibai, 115 at Almukhametovo. A four-point scale of species activity was used for the comparative analysis of the flora of railway stations. It is shown that 21 species are found in all zones with the same degree of activity (“often” and “very often”). 125 species of vascular plants occur exclusively on the railway embankments of one of the studied stations. The flora of railway stations have similarities from 0.50 to 0.71 on the Sørensen-Czekanowski coefficient, which is provided by a common core of anthropotolerant species with a wide ecological amplitude. The differences reflect the zonal nature of vegetation and are formed through the participation of native flora species adapted to the specific substrates of railway embankment. Also the contribution of accidental drift of plant seeds is significant. The contribution of the zonal factor in various natural and climatic zones differs: the less difference between the railway ecotopes and the landscape and vegetation conditions of adjacent natural areas of the respective natural zone, the higher the participation of apophytic species in the forming of partial flora, and vice versa.
Carbohydrates in surface waters and its relation to the nutrients and organic matter content
Authors:   Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Efremova T. A.
Published: February 2024

The results of a long-term research of the content of carbohydrates in natural waters of Republic of Karelia (Russia) from 2011 to 2020 are summarized. In total, 34 water bodies (29 lakes and 5 rivers) were studied in different hydrological seasons. The presented sample of water bodies captures almost all types of surface waters in the humid zone in terms of trophicity and humus content. It was found that the carbohydrates concentration varies widely from 0.7 to 53.1 mg/L (average 3.3 mg/L) and its share of total organic matter averages 16%. It was revealed that the content and distribution of carbohydrates in surface waters depends both on natural (the level of trophicity and humus content in the reservoir) and anthropogenic factors (eutrophication, trout farms, industrial wastewater discharge, seepage waters of solid waste landfills, communal wastewater). In addition, all the studied water bodies were categorized into two groups according to the water pollution degree: contaminated and uncontaminated. It was revealed that the concentration of carbohydrates in contaminated water bodies of Karelia is on average 1.4 times higher than in uncontaminated ones. In addition, the content of carbohydrates increases together with such chemical parameters as 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD Cr), permanganate oxygen demand (COD Mn), chlorophyll a, mineral and total phosphorus (Pmin and Р total relatively) and ammonium (N-NH 4+). In particular, these relations are pronounced in contaminated water bodies, where the highest values of the correlation coefficient between the above parameters are noted. The content of carbohydrates in surface waters is a complex indicator of both organic and biogenic water pollution.
Translocation of heavy metals into plants from the soil near the Alaverdi copper smelting enterprise
Authors:   National Polytechnic University of Armenia, Sukiasyan A. R. , Jhangiryan T. A. ,   Armenian National Agrarian University, Hunanyan S. A. ,   Armenian National Agrarian University, Kirakosyan A. A. ,   National Polytechnic University of Armenia
Published: February 2024

The levels of heavy metals (HMs) in soil samples and plants grown on experimental plots near the Alaverdi copper smelting enterprise has been studied. The studies were conducted during the period of the enterprise’s operating in incomplete capacity (spring – summer 2022). The wind direction in the region was taken into account. The brown forest soils were taken from the topsoil horizon at a depth of 0–25 cm on the selected pilot plots located within 3; 10; 30 km from the enterprise. Potato, beet, carrot, pepper and eggplant were grown in field plots. The contents of HMs in soil and plant samples were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. A comparative series of Cu > Pb > Zn > Co > Mn was established according to the gross HMs content in soil samples from plots close to the enterprise (3 km). In this series of experiments the comparative series of mobile forms of HMs follows the same sequence but with lower values. The mobility of Cu, Pb, Zn and Co in soil samples was on average 15.5%, in the case of Mn – 25.5% (3 km). The highest mobility in soil samples from distant plots (30 km) in the wind-rose direction was detected for Cu, Co, and Mn (14.3% on average), and the mobility of Pb and Zn was 8%. Calculations of bio-ecological and geo-ecological coefficients showed that the studied plants are characterized by individual scenario of metabolic processes, but a common adaptation strategy to the stressor. It has been shown that HMs accumulate more in the reproductive organs of plants than in the vegetative ones. This explains the differences in plant tolerance to chemical elements.
Features of the biological diversity of the Kruglaya Bay and the prospects for creating an ornithological reserve (southwestern Crimea, Black Sea)
Authors:   A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Giragosov V. E. , Milchakova N. A. ,   A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Karpova E. P. ,   A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Kovardakov S. A. ,   A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Bondareva L. V. ,   A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS
Published: February 2024

This work aimed to analyze the diversity of hydrophilic avifauna and natural complexes to substantiate the creation of an ornithological reserve in the Kruglaya Bay (Crimea, Black Sea). The diversity of biotopes, marine and coastal flora, and fauna characterized on the basis of long-term research data. The avifauna includes 74 species from 43 genera, 14 families, and 9 orders. The orders Charadriiformes, Anseriformes and Ciconiiformes unite 57 species (77% of the total number of species). The number of birds in winter reaches 0.99–1.38 thousand individuals. There are 11 protected species in the avifauna, including 10 species listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. The natural complexes of the bay are most attractive for wintering hydrophilic birds, and to a lesser extent – for transit migrating, nomadic and nesting species. The flora of marine macrophytes and coastal vascular plants comprises 141 species, including 17 protected ones. The ichthyofauna and benthic invertebrates contain 60 and 124 species, respectively, including 9 protected ones. The high environmental value of the bay is associated with the formation of large seasonal clusters of hydrophilic birds, a high degree of biota diversity, the presence of many protected species and biotopes. We are recommended to create an ornithological reserve with a temporary regime (in winter) in the Kruglaya Bay. The new reserve will be the first ornithological object of this category in the nature-protected network of Sevastopol and Crimea. Its formation will allow to preserve biotopes and nesting places of birds, rare flora and fauna, and introduce some restrictions on environmental management and extraction of bioresources.
Uterine fibroids associated with pregnancy – is myomectomy during pregnancy feasible? Review and case presentation
Authors: Zorilă George Lucian , Berbecaru Elena-Iuliana-Anamaria , Istrate-Ofiţeru Anca-Maria , Enache Iuliana-Alina , Drocaş Ileana , Comănescu Maria Cristina , Ciobanu Ştefan-Gabriel , Băluţă Daniel , Iovoaica-Rămescu Cătălina , Vochin Andreea , Nagy Rodica Daniela , Iliescu Gabriel Dominic
Published: February 2024

Uterine myomas affect 2-10% of pregnant women. They are hormone-dependent tumors, and 30% of them will increase in response to hormonal changes during pregnancy. Therefore, significant growth is expected in pregnancy, but, actually, most of them do not change in size. They are usually asymptomatic, but they may be associated with severe abdominal pain and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conservative management is the first option. If the conservative treatment fails and the symptoms are severe, a myomectomy can be performed, with serious risks of severe hemorrhage, uterine rupture, miscarriage and preterm labor. We present the case of a 31-year-old primigravida presenting in our service for severe abdominal pain, pollakiuria and constipation. The ultrasound examination revealed a 13-week pregnancy, with no ultrasound signs of fetal structural abnormalities, and several fibroids, in contact with each other, developed as one fibroid mass, intramural and subserous, in the lower uterine segment and into both parametria, with a diame­ter of 100/95/87 mm. During the following weeks, the symptoms progressed, and the fibroid volume almost doubled. At 17 weeks of pregnancy, due to the severity of the symptoms, rapidly growing myomas and suggestive ultrasound aspect of degeneration, we performed a myomectomy. The surgery was uneventful. The patient was monitored weekly. Detailed second-trimester and third-trimester scans confirmed the normal pregnancy evolution. Doppler evaluation of both uterine arteries showed a normal spectrum. The fetal growth was favorable, at a percentile of 50 at 32 weeks of pregnancy. No short-term or long-term complications of the surgery have been noted so far. Myomectomy during pregnancy should be considered in cases of symptomatic uterine fibroids not responding to conservative management or in large or rapidly growing myomas, large or medium myomas located in the lower uterine segment, or deforming the placental site, following appropriate counseling of the patient regarding the associated risks.
Hysteroscopic management of subfertility in cases with suspected endometrial polyps
Authors: Enache Iuliana-Alina , Ciobanu Ştefan , Berbecaru Elena-Iuliana-Anamaria , Iovoaica-Rămescu Cătălina , Istrate-Ofiţeru Anca-Maria , Nagy Rodica Daniela , Comănescu Maria Cristina , Drocaş Ileana , Zorilă George Lucian , Drăguşin Roxana Cristina , Dîră Laurenţiu-Mihai , Iliescu Dominic-Gabriel
Published: February 2024

Endometrial polyps (EPs) are a common benign gynecologic condition associated with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss. Transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) provides an excellent diagnostic technique to identify the size and the anatomic location of endometrial polyps. Its accuracy increases when color Doppler, 3D investigation and saline-infused sonohysterography are used. However, hysteroscopy showed the highest diagnostic accuracy in infertile patients with suspected endometrial polyps and provides a safe and feasible opportunity for EPs removal. Objectives. This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of hysteroscopic polyps’ removal in infertile young female patients. Methodology. This study, conducted over a period of one year, included women who addressed our clinic for infertility. These patients were clinically examined and evaluated using transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS). Hysteroscopy was performed on all cases where TVUS raised the suspicion of endometrial polyps. Additionally, the incidence of pregnancies obtained within the first 12 months after the hysteroscopic removal of endometrial polyps was recorded. Results. Out of the cohort of 97 infertile patients, endometrial polyps were suspected in 33 patients. Before hysteroscopy, seven patients additionally underwent a sonohysterography (SHG) procedure. Abnormal uterine bleeding was the primary clinical manifestation (21 cases; 63.63%). EPs were histologically confirmed in 31 cases, and leiomyoma, in two cases. Of the 31 EPs cases, in 20 cases (64.51%) the localization was at the utero-tubal junction. Out of the 30 patients diagnosed with EPs and where the follow-up was possible, 18 individuals, constituting 60% of the group, successfully attained intrauterine pregnancies within the initial 12 months following their hysteroscopic procedure. Conclusions. Our study revealed a significant improvement in reproductive outcomes within the first year following EP resection. The prevalence of endometrial polyps has increased due to improved ultrasound techniques. SHG can potentially increase the ultrasound detection of endometrial polyps, especially in cases where the imagistic information is unclear. Nonetheless, hysteroscopy, known for its high diagnostic accuracy, remains the gold standard. Our research supports the importance of hysteroscopy for uterine cavity assessment and lesion management, and it highlights the increased chances of pregnancy after the lesion’s removal.
Caesarean scar pregnancy – an ongoing therapeutic challenge. Case series and literature review
Authors: Ciobanu Ştefan-Gabriel , Enache Iuliana-Alina , Dîră Laurenţiu-Mihai , Berbecaru Elena-Iuliana-Anamaria , Iovoaica-Rămescu Cătălina , Vochin Andreea , Băluţă Ionuţ-Daniel , Istrate-Ofiţeru Anca-Maria , Nagy Rodica , Comănescu Maria Cristina , Drocaş Ileana , Zorilă George Lucian , Constantin Cristian , Drăguşin Roxana Cristina , Iliescu Dominic-Gabriel
Published: February 2024

Introduction. Caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a life-threatening and iatrogenic disease due to the rising number of caesarean sections (CS) in the last decades. The most practical and effective technique for the early diagnosis of CSP is transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), complemented with color Doppler. The optimal approach is yet to be standardized. Method­ology. This is a monocentric, prospective, observational study performed in the one tertiary hospital – the prenatal unit of the County Emergency Clinical Hospital Craiova and Medgin/GinEcho Clinic Craiova. The study enrolled four patients, based on specific inclusion criteria: diagnosis of CSP using transvaginal ultrasound. We described the particularities of the conservative therapeutic approach in those cases correlated with the data from the literature. Results. Four CSP cases were identified during 2022-2023 at the standard dating scan. The treatment approaches involved conservative local methotrexate associated with various procedures – systemic methotrexate, embolization, Folley catheter compression and eventually aspiration, leading to a decrease of βHCG levels and to favorable ultrasound findings of pregnancy involution, indicating positive outcomes. Conclusions. Caesarean scar pregnancy is an increasing pathology worldwide. The management of CSP represents a challenge that should be individualized and sometimes assessed by a multidisciplinary team for the safest therapeutic option.
Omphalocele, bifid scrotum, hypospadias and micropenis: clinical outcome in cases with normal karyotype
Authors: Iovoaica-Rămescu Cătălina , Comănescu Maria Cristina , Drăguşin Roxana Cristina , Istrate-Ofiţeru Anca-Maria , Zorilă George Lucian , Berbecaru Elena-Iuliana-Anamaria , Enache Iuliana-Alina , Drocaş Ileana , Ciobanu Ştefan , Băluţă Daniel , Vochin Andreea , Nagy Rodica Daniela , Iliescu Dominic-Gabriel
Published: February 2024

Background. This study aims to describe the omphalocele, hypospadias, bifid scrotum and micropenis association characteristics, along with the care, prenatal diagnosis strategies and postnatal outcomes. We also present a case with this unusual association of malformations in a fetus with a normal male karyotype. Methodology. For this study, we present a case with detailed imaging and follow-up investigations before and after birth. Also, we searched the literature regarding the management of this complex malformation, and we present the review results. Results. According to literature, the following syndromes were linked to the spectrum of omphalocele-hypospadias: trisomy 13, trisomy 18, trisomy 21, 45X, 47XXY and 47XXX, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and 2q22.1q22.3 deletion. According to our complex investigations, the omphalocele, bifid scrotum, hypospadias and micropenis, in the case of our patient, were isolated, despite literature findings. In the absence of associated major structural or genetic abnormalities, the management was conservative, with a good outcome. Conclusions. Structural anomalies can often appear alone, spontaneously or in association with other structural anomalies as part of syndromes. According to the detailed prenatal and postnatal evaluation, micropenis-hypospadias and omphalocele associations were isolated in our case, despite the literature findings. Fetal growth and well-being should be monitored, as intrauterine fetal growth restriction may occur.
Encapsulation of InP/ZnS quantum dots into MOF-5 matrices for solid-state luminescence: ship in the bottle and bottle around the ship methodologies.
Authors: Tran Alexis , Valleix Rodolphe , Réveret François , Frezet Lawrence , Cisnetti Federico , Boyer Damien
Published: February 2024

The utilization of InP-based quantum dots (QDs) as alternative luminescent nanoparticles to cadmium-based QDs, known for their toxicity, is actively pursued. However, leveraging their luminescent attributes for solid-state applications presents challenges due to the sensitivity of InP QDs to oxidation and aggregation-caused quenching. Hence an appealing strategy is to protect and disperse InP QDs within hybrid materials. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer a promising solution as readily available crystalline porous materials. Among these, MOF-5, composed of {Zn4O}6+ nodes and terephthalate struts, can be synthesized under mild conditions (at room temperature and basic pH), making it compatible with InP QDs. In the present work, luminescent InP QDs are successfully incorporated within MOF-5 through two distinct methods. Firstly, employing the bottle around the ship (BAS) approach, wherein the MOF was synthesized around2 the QDs. Secondly, utilizing the ship in the bottle (SIB) strategy, the QDs were embedded via capillarity into a specially engineered, more porous variant of MOF-5. Comparative analysis of the BAS and SIB approaches, evaluating factors such as operational simplicity, photoluminescence properties, and the resistance of the final materials to leaching are carried out. This comparative study provides insights into the efficacy of these strategies for the integration of InP QDs within MOF-5 for potential solid-state applications in materials chemistry.
Operando Fe Dissolution in Fe-N-C Electrocatalysts during Acidic Oxygen Reduction and Impact of Local pH Change
Authors: Pedersen Angus , Kumar Kavita , Ku Yu-Ping , Martin Vincent , Dubau Laetitia , Teixeira Santos Keyla , Barrio Jesús , Saveleva Viktoriia , Glatzel Pieter , Paidi Vinod , Li Xiaoyan , Hutzler Andreas , Titirici Maria-Magdalena , Bonnefont Antoine , Cherevko Serhiy , Stephens Ifan , Maillard Frédéric
Published: February 2024

Atomic Fe in N-doped C (Fe-N-C) catalysts provide the most promising non-precious metal O2 reduction activity at the cathodes of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, one of the biggest remaining challenges to address towards their implementation in fuel cells is their limited durability. Fe demetallation has been suggested as the primary initial degradation mechanism. However, the fate of Fe under different operating conditions varies. Here, we monitor operando Fe dissolution of a highly porous and >50% FeNx electrochemical utilization Fe-N-C catalyst in 0.1 M HClO4, under O2 and Ar at different temperatures, in both flow cell and gas diffusion electrode (GDE) half-cell coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). By combining these results with pre- and post-mortem analyses, we demonstrate that in the absence of oxygen, Fe cations diffuse away within the liquid phase. Conversely, at -15 mA cm-2geo and more negative O2 reduction currents, the Fe cations reprecipitate as Fe-oxides. We support our conclusions with a microkinetic model, revealing that the local pH in the catalyst layer predominantly accounts for the observed trend. Even at a moderate current density of -15 mA cm-2geo and under O2 at 25 oC, a significant H+ consumption and therefore pH increase (pH = 8-9) within the bulk Fe-N-C layer facilitate precipitation of Fe cations. This work provides a unified view on the Fe degradation mechanism for a model Fe-N-C in both high-throughput flow cell and practical operating GDE conditions, underscoring the crucial role of local pH in regulating the stability of the active sites.
Combined Network and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis of the Formose Reaction Reveals Mechanisms for Emergent Behaviors
Authors: Cruz-Simbron Romulo , Sharma Siddhant , Arya Aayush , Ray Jessica , Lozano Alejandro , Lykke Andersen Jakob , Chen Huan , James Cleaves II Henderson
Published: February 2024

The formose reaction (FR) autocatalytically converts simple plausibly prebiotic feedstocks into molecules of biological interest, including ribose. Autocatalysis is a hallmark of life, thus various studies have explored the formose reaction with respect to the origins of life. The FR is robust under appropriate conditions, occurring readily at low temperatures from various substrates, and has been implicated in the generation of meteoritic organic compounds. We explored the FR here using a combination of in silico modeling techniques and high resolution mass spectrometry. The models match experimental results well, and point to the FR being much more complex than previously modeled or measured, and help explain the FR’s potential to generate homochirality and primitive compartments, both of which are also hallmarks of life, before the emergence of the complex directed molecular encoding suggested by the RNA World model. These results suggest the FR requires further study with regard to the origins of life, and its importance may lie in the way it enables and coordinates emergent chemistries, rather than the particular products it generates, such as ribose.
An activatable biphotonic lanthanide probe for detection of nitroreductase in live bacteria and cancer cells
Authors: Vinagreiro Carolina , Liu Qian , Wang Qinghua , Wang Xiang , Hu Hai-Yu , Nazare Marc
Published: February 2024

imaging. The terbium-based luminescent probe is non-fluorescent in its inactive state but can be selectively activated by nitroreductase, leading to the release of the sensitizing antenna that facilitates energy transfer to the lanthanide center, resulting in an intense luminescence signal. We show the probe’s capability to selectively sense nitroreductase not only in bacterial lysates but also in live bacteria of the ESKAPE family. Moreover, the probe effectively detects mammalian nitroreductase in prostate cancer cells, which is expressed under mild hypoxic conditions. The results obtained set the stage for a new generation of activatable lanthanoid-based probes that are suitable for two-photon excitation.
Colloidal phase behavior of high aspect ratio clay nanotubes in symmetric and asymmetric electrolytes
Authors: Hotton Claire , Le Roux Lena , Goldmann Claire , Rouzière Stéphan , Launois Pascale , Bizien Thomas , Paineau Erwan
Published: February 2024

Hypothesis: Imogolite nanotubes (INTs) are anisometric particles with nanometric diameters, as carbon nanotubes. But unlike the latter, the specific structure of imogolite nanotubes gives appreciable properties, such as monodispersity in diameter. Aluminogermanate double-walled INTs (Ge-DWINTs) are obtained with variable aspect ratios by controlling the synthesis conditions. It thus appears as an interesting model system to investigate how aspect ratio and ionic valence influence the colloidal behavior of highly anisometric 1D objects. Experiments: The nanotubes were synthesized by a 5 or 20 days hydrothermal treatment to modify the aspect ratio while the electrostatic interactions was investigated by comparing the colloidal stability in symmetric and asymmetric electrolytes. The phase behavior and their related microstructure were determined by optical observations and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements, coupled with interparticle distance modelling. Findings: We evidenced that colloidal suspensions of Ge-DWINTs prepared in NaCl are guided by repulsive double layer forces, undergoing different liquid crystal phase transitions before stiffen into a glass-like state. We found that the microstructure can be rationalized by taking into account the anisometric nature of the particles. By contrast, dispersions prepared with asymmetric electrolytes are governed by strong attractive forces and thus form space-filling gels containing large nanotubes aggregates.
Ductile Glassy Polymer Networks Capable of Large Plastic Deformation and Elastic Recovery
Authors: Reese Caleb , Musgrave Grant , Huber Anna , Yau Eden , Wang Chen
Published: February 2024

Many thermoplastic polymers exhibit outstanding ductility by combining strength and large deformations. These large deformations are irreversible — known as plastic deformation. Elastomers are capable of large, reversible deformation — known as elastic deformation — but have low strength. To this end, we developed glassy and ductile polyamide networks capable of large plastic deformation (>200% strain) and high strength (~50 MPa tensile strength and ~1500 MPa Young’s modulus), similar to the tensile properties of polyolefins and Nylon 66. We discovered that hydrogen bonding between meta-phthalamide groups was essential to the ductility. Since these polyamide networks are covalently bonded, we demonstrated their unique durability enabled by repeatable elastic recovery at elevated temperatures, exhibiting indifferent tensile properties in each cycle. Furthermore, when we fixed the strain during the elastic recovery, these polyamide networks actuated stresses of 9-18 MPa, among the highest found in shape-memory polymer actuators. We envision these ductile, glassy polymer networks as promising alternatives to many thermoplastic polymers, given the combined benefit of ductility and durability.
Anomalne właściwości stali starych mostów kolejowych w świetle badań diagnostycznych
Authors: Wichtowski Bernard , Konecki Krzysztof
Published: February 2024

Procedura oceny właściwości stali eksploatowanych obiektów mostowych jest jedną z najistotniejszych w kompleksowej ocenie nośności i trwałości mostów użytkowanych przez dłuższy okres czasu. Referat jest próbą rekapitulacji wniosków z wieloletnich badań tych konstrukcji. Badania literaturowe i własne wykazały, że wiele z tych konstrukcji nie przenosi ściśle obciążeń projektowych, a bezpiecznie przenosi rzeczywiste obciążenia występujące na danej linii kolejowej. Nowe zasady oceny takich mostów pozwolą oszacować ich przydatność eksploatacyjną pomimo postępującej degradacji materiałowej. Potrzebne jest określenie współczynnika bezpieczeństwa, w szczególności gdy dotyczy to globalnie kilku obiektów jednocześnie. Marzeniem autorów jest zinterpretowanie całościowe badań polskich i opracowanie odpowiedniej normy do szacowania rzeczywistego pragmatycznego obciążenia.
Wireless charging system for electric vehicle
Authors: Swathi Vejendla , Paladugu Sowmithri
Published: February 2024

The majority of electric vehicle systems are built around a number of modules intended to guarantee the high power and stability of the car on the track. Most of these parts are connected to the charging system. Dynamic wireless power transfer can help alleviate range anxiety in electric vehicles and lower the price of on-board batteries. In this regard, pure electric vehicles have long used wireless recharging, enabling charging even while the car is moving. However, due to the complexity of this method's working methodology and the presence of numerous variables and parameters, analysis is challenging. Also, whether the vehicle is moving or not specifies a number of other factors, including the speed of the vehicle, as well as the coil receivers' sizes and characteristics. The dynamic wireless recharging system’s performance can be enhanced using the unique technique presented in this study. By providing a dynamic mathematical model that can describe and measure source-to-vehicle power transfer even while it is in motion, receiver coils have been added to the proposed system to maximize charging power. All the physical parameters of the model were presented and addressed in the suggested mathematical model. The outcomes demonstrated the viability of the suggested model. Additionally, by placing two coil receivers under the car, the simulation results were validated by experimental testing.
Embedded system-based enhanced smart security systems for intelligent monitoring applications: A review
Authors: Lokesh P.
Published: February 2024

The advanced smart security system uses palm vein technology and machine learning to enhance authentication. It combines biometric data with behavioral analysis, continuously adapting to improve security. AI integration allows for anomaly detection, distinguishing normal user interactions from suspicious activities. The user-friendly interface makes it accessible for various applications, ensuring resilient protection against evolving threats. The palm vein technology not only enhances security but also minimizes the risk of false positives and negatives, ensuring a reliable and efficient authentication process. In practical scenarios, the proposed system's versatility extends to securing confidential information in various sectors such as finance, research institutions, and government facilities. Its adaptability and compatibility with existing infrastructure make it a seamless and effective solution for organizations seeking to bolster their security measures. Moreover, the system's integration with mobile devices enables users to receive real-time notifications, allowing for prompt action in the event of a security breach. This feature contributes to the overall responsiveness and effectiveness of the security system, especially in remote locations where immediate intervention may be crucial. In conclusion, the advanced smart security system with palm vein technology not only introduces a novel approach to authentication but also addresses the limitations of existing models. The incorporation of machine learning, behavioral analysis, and real-time notifications significantly enhances its overall security features, making it a costeffective and reliable solution for a wide array of applications.
A Meta-Analysis of Anxiety Symptoms and Related Factors in Chinese College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yan Yanna , Zhu Wenjuan
Published: February 2024

Objective: To explore the distribution of anxiety symptoms and related factors among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, aiming to provide references for mental health education and management strategies tailored to Chinese college students amidst the pandemic. Methods: Both Chinese and English databases were searched to collect studies on factors related to anxiety symptoms in Chinese college students, along with surveys conducted between January 1st, 2020, and February 1st, 2023. Following the AHRQ cross-sectional study quality evaluation standards, a quality assessment of the included research data was conducted. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 12. Results: A total of 1,057 references were searched, with 40 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. These studies collectively surveyed 189,005 individuals, among whom 57,456 individuals were found to exhibit anxiety symptoms. The anxiety detection rate was calculated at 25.6% (95% CI: 20.5–30.6%), significantly higher than the anxiety risk detection rate among the general Chinese population (15.8%). Gender, the impact of the pandemic on personal life, and awareness of COVID-19 were identified as factors influencing the detection rate of anxiety among college students. Conclusions: The anxiety levels among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic were notably severe. Consequently, university personnel should prioritize the mental well-being of these students and implement timely psychological interventions.
Revisiting Educational Issues in the Age of Generative Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Yang Zhengyu
Published: February 2024

The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has had a huge impact on all areas of life, including the field of education. AI can assist teachers in cultivating talents and promoting personalized learning and teaching, but it also prevents individuals from thinking independently and creatively. In the era of generative AI, the rapid development of technology and its significant impact on the field of education are inevitable. There are many educational issues related to it, such as teaching methods, student training goals, teaching philosophy and purposes, and other educational issues, that require re-conceptualization and review.
Research on the Path of Improving the Efficiency of Urban Community Governance from the Perspective of Collaborative Governance: A Case Study of Daqing City, China
Authors: Han Fengbo
Published: February 2024

Under the background of “co-construction, co-governance, and sharing,” the role of the grassroots level is becoming increasingly important. In the past, the governance body was single with blocked information, and the inefficient governance mode required gradual transformation. In order to achieve collaborative governance and break through the obstacles in grassroots governance, the key lies in how to play the role of the community, coordinate the relationship between citizens and the community, and allow the community to better play the role of grassroots governance. Under the guidance of the concept of collaborative governance and combined with relevant data, this paper discusses the problems and current situation of community governance in Daqing City, China, explores the path to improve the efficiency of urban community governance, and puts forward relevant constructive suggestions to better realize the role of community in grassroots governance.
Exploration and Practice of “Guiding Interactive” Teaching in Advanced Geochemistry Courses from the Perspective of Constructivist Theory
Authors: Liu Lei , Liu Chunming , Zhou Weijian
Published: February 2024

The construction of geochemical disciplines has brought new vitality to the development of traditional geology. In the new round of “Double First-Class” discipline construction at Central South University, the course of Advanced Geochemistry has effectively stimulated students’ interest in learning and further improved their scientific thinking and research innovation skills through the implementation of “Guiding Interactive” teaching reform measures, which has important theoretical significance and practical value.
Exploring Pedagogical Ideologies and Strategies for College English Writing Instruction from a Generative Artificial Intelligence Perspective
Authors: Zhang Boya
Published: February 2024

This study, drawing on the commonalities between generative artificial intelligence and foreign language writing instruction, outlines the core ideology of digital humanities-based college English writing instruction, including auxiliary use of generative artificial intelligence tools, primary focus on humanistic education, and the re-production of knowledge, aiming to foster students’ critical thinking, collaborative skills, and creativity. Building on this foundation, the study delves into generative artificial intelligence tools applicable to different stages of process-genre writing and their strategic applications. The use of generative artificial intelligence tools is beneficial for students to present, discuss, and share writing content, encouraging them to enhance their writing, collaboration, critical thinking, and creative abilities through deep interaction with model essays and creative discourses.
Discussion on the Ideological and Political Education for Poor College Students
Authors: Li Jie , Liu Yang , Liu Shuang , Yan Cen
Published: February 2024

At present, ideological and political education is significant for poor college students. The focus of funding for poor students has gradually transformed from providing economic support for them to ideological and spiritual help, which puts forward higher requirements on how to carry out ideological and political work. It also requires us to advance the work of ideological and moral education and put it in the most important position in the ideological and educational work for poor college students. Combined with the reality of poor college students, we will adhere to the idea of being student-oriented and endeavor to enhance the effectiveness, pertinence, and relevance of the work of ideological and political education. This paper analyzes the significance and problems of ideological and political education for poor college students and puts forward effective ways to solve the problems from the levels of ideology, cognition, and teaching staff.