bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Influence of Soil Physical Properties on the Puddling Quality: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Priyadharshini B. , Thambidurai S. , Padmanathan P.K. , Kamaraj P  , Ganapati Patil Santosh , Kavitha R.
Published: May 2024

Puddling is a crucial step in rice cultivation, extensively practiced by farmers in Asia for its role in softening soil, aiding in transplanting, and enhancing water and nutrient management. However, the alteration of soil properties by puddling raises concerns about its long-term sustainability. This comprehensive review systematically examines the impact of puddling on soil parameters such as soil texture, bulk density, penetration resistance, hydraulic conductivity, puddling index, and percolation rate. By synthesizing existing literature, the review aims to inform sustainable agricultural practices and effective soil management strategies amidst escalating global concerns. The complexities of puddling's influence on soil structure underscore the need to consider variables like soil texture and aggregate stability. Sustainable practices such as organic manure application offer potential solutions to address puddling-induced compaction, thereby enhancing soil quality and rice production efficiency. Optimizing tillage methods and improving hydraulic conductivity are essential components of effective soil management strategies for sustainable rice cultivation. Additionally, assessing puddling quality through indices like the puddling index and optimizing percolation rates are vital steps toward improving water management and overall productivity in rice farming.
Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Phyllosticta citricarpa Causing Citrus Black Spot Disease in Benin
Authors: Toessi Goudjo Habib , Sikirou Rachidatou , Amari Elisée Georges Dadé Ler-N’ogn , Dianda Oumarou Zoéyandé , Wonni Issa , Bouhssini Mustapha El
Published: May 2024

Citrus black spot is a major constraint to citrus production in Benin. Identification of the pathogen causing citrus black spot disease was carried out in the laboratory on symptomatic fruits. Fruit samples were collected from orchards in 4 citrus-growing agro-ecological zones. A total of 66 representative isolates of Phyllosticta sp. were obtained from isolation. Molecular analysis using PCR of the nucleotide sequences of the ITS regions with universal primers ITS1/ITS4 and specific primers GcF1/GcR and the phylogenetic tree showed that the sequences of all isolates obtained in the different agroecological zones were identical to those of Phyllosticta citricarpa. The pathogenicity test satisfied Koch's postulates by re-isolation of Phyllosticta citricarpa from inoculated fruits. A thorough study of genetic diversity and a full understanding of the behavior of P. citricarpa will pave the way for more targeted approaches to the prevention, control and sustainable management of citrus black spot disease in Benin.
Studies on Crop Weather Calendar of Brinjal Crop in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Gehlot Tanisha , Mishra Sita Ram , Yadav Amrendra Kumar , Chaudhary Prince
Published: May 2024

An investigation was carried out on studies of crop weather calendar on brinjal crop in Eastern Uttar Pradesh has been prepared with objectives to study climatic normal of past 21 years from 2000-21 at Department of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Agriculture, Acharya Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh. Climatic data for brinjal crop in Kharif season has been taken from 27th to 48th Standard Meteorological Week (SMW). From the crop weather calendar of brinjal, it was revealed that low temperatures are lethal for brinjal seedlings, so temperature should not be less than 18 °C before the transplanting of the brinjal seedlings into the field. Rainfall during vegetative stage was 140-150 mm found congenial for the better yield of the plant. The growth of the crops is severely affected when temperature falls below 17 °C. It can be successfully grown as a rainy season and summer season crop. It was revealed that, Tmax 23.3-31.8 °C, Tmin 8.4-25.1 °C, rainfall of 0.5-10 mm during 31st to 45th SMW with RHm 90.9-95.6% and RHe 52.1-79.6 were found conducive conditions for the infestation of shoot/fruit borer. It was observed that Fusarium wilt of brinjal was significant during October (41st week) to December (52nd week), when Tmax 23.5- 33.0 °C, Tmin 12.1-26.7 °C, RHm 83.9-87.8%, RHe 48.1-71.5% and rainfall of 0-0.75 mm. It has been found that the severity of fusarium wilt increases with decrease in temperature and high relative humidity and very low rainfall.
Development in the Study of Mechanical Prop-erties and Damage Constitutive Models of Rub-ber-Reclaimed Concrete
Authors: Zhou ShanShan
Published: May 2024

Advances in rubber-reinforced concrete technology and its applications in engineering are cru-cial for the thorough recycling and safe disposal of waste tire rubber and construction debris. Rubber-reinforced concrete (RAC) is a concrete material produced by substituting some fine and coarse aggregates with waste rubber particles and recycled aggregates. The incorporation of waste rubber particles endows RAC with distinctive mechanical properties and a distinct damage constitutive model. The mechanical properties of rubber recycled concrete mainly in-clude compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus. Compared to traditional concrete, RAC exhibits slightly lower compressive and flexural strengths but sig-nificantly enhanced tensile strength. This is due to the changes in mechanical properties caused by the softness and elastic properties of rubber particles. In addition, the addition of rubber particles can also improve the energy absorption capacity and impact resistance of concrete. On the other hand, in order to describe the damage behavior of rubber recycled con-crete, some constitutive models were studied. Common models include linear elastic model, plastic model, and damage model. The linear elastic model is suitable for describing the be-havior of rubber recycled concrete during the elastic stage; The plastic model is suitable for describing its deformation behavior during the plastic stage; The damage model can better describe the fracture and failure behavior of rubber recycled concrete, including shear damage, tensile damage, and compression damage. Tailored to the unique characteristics of RAC, these models consider the stiffness of rubber particles and the deformation characteristics of the binding materials, enabling accurate predictions of the stress-strain behavior of RAC. In conclusion, rubber-reinforced concrete possesses excellent mechanical and durability proper-ties, which can be accurately described and predicted using appropriate constitutive models. These findings are crucial for advancing the application and development of rubber-reinforced concrete.
Using linkage information to weight a genome‐wide association of bipolar disorder
Authors: Howrigan D.P. , Laird N.M. , Smoller J.W. , Devlin B. , McQueen M.B.
Published: April 2011

Issues of multiple‐testing and statistical significance in genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have prompted statistical methods utilizing prior data to increase the power of association results. Using prior findings from genome‐wide linkage studies on bipolar disorder (BPD), we employed a weighted false discovery approach (wFDR; [Roeder et al. 2006. Am J Hum Genet 78(2): 243–252]) to previously reported GWAS data drawn from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP‐BD). Using this method, association signals are up or down‐weighted given the linkage score in that genomic region. Although no SNPs in our sample reached genome‐wide significance through the wFDR approach, the strongest single SNP result from the original GWAS results (rs4939921 in myosin VB) is strongly up‐weighted as it occurs on a linkage peak of chromosome 18. We also identify regions on chromosome 9, 17, and 18 where modestly associated SNP clusters coincide with strong linkage scores, implicating them as possible candidate regions for further analysis. Moving forward, we believe the application of prior linkage information will be increasingly useful to future GWAS studies that incorporate rarer variants into their analysis. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alkyne Insertion into the MP and MH Bonds (M=Pd, Ni, Pt, and Rh): A Theoretical Mechanistic Study of the CP and CH Bond‐Formation Steps
Authors: Ananikov Valentine P. , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: April 2011

In hydrogen‐metal‐phosphorus (HMP) transition metal complexes (proposed as intermediates of HP bond addition to alkynes in the catalytic hydrophosphorylation, hydrophosphinylation, and hydrophospination reactions), alkyne insertion into the metal‐hydrogen bond was found much more facile compared to alkyne insertion into the metal‐phosphorus bond. The conclusion was verified for different metals (Pd, Ni, Pt, and Rh), ligands, and phosphorus groups at various theory levels (B3LYP, B3PW91, BLYP, MP2, and ONIOM). The relative reactivity of the metal complexes in the reaction with alkynes was estimated and decreased in the order of Ni>Pd>Rh>Pt. A trend in relative reactivity was established for various types of phosphorus groups: PR2>P(O)R2>P(O)(OR)2, which showed a decrease in rate upon increasing the number of the oxygen atoms attached to the phosphorus center.
Geometrical and Electronic Rules in Fullerene‐Based Compounds
Authors: Gan Li‐Hua , An Jie , Pan Fu‐Sheng , Chang Qing , Liu Zuo‐Hua , Tao Chang‐Yuan
Published: April 2011

The discovery of buckminsterfullerene C60 opened up a new scientific area and stimulated the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology directly. Fullerene science has since emerged to include fullerenes, endohedral fullerenes (mainly metallofullerenes), exofullerenes, and carbon nanotubes as well. Herein, we look back at the development of fullerene science from the perspective of epistemology by highlighting the proposed main rules or criteria for understanding and predicting the structures and stability of fullerene‐based compounds. We also point out that a rule or criterion may contribute significantly to the corresponding discipline and suggest that two unsolved issues in fullerene science are the addition patterns of fullerene derivatives and the structures and stability of nonclassical fullerenes.
Facile Fabrication of Anatase TiO2 Microspheres on Solid Substrates and Surface Crystal Facet Transformation from {001} to {101}
Authors: Zhang Haimin , Liu Porun , Li Feng , Liu Hongwei , Wang Yun , Zhang Shanqing , Guo Mingxing , Cheng Huiming , Zhao Huijun
Published: April 2011

Anatase TiO2 microspheres with controlled surface morphologies and exposed crystal facets were directly synthesized on metal titanium foil substrates by means of a facile, one‐pot hydrothermal method without use of any templating reagent. The obtained products were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelecron spectroscopy (XPS), and the focused ion beam (FIB) technique. The sizes of the resultant microspheres ranged from 1.1 to 2.1 μm. The transformation of anatase TiO2 microspheres with exposed {001} facets surface to nanosheets surface with {101} facets was achieved by simply controlling the hydrothermal reaction time. The anatase TiO2 microspheres with exposed square‐shaped plane {001} facets were obtained by controlling the reaction time at 1 h. The prolonged reaction time transforms the anatase TiO2 microspheres with exposed square‐shaped plane {001} facets to eroded {001} facets then to a nanosheet surface with exposed {101} facets. With hydrothermal synthesis, the surface morphological structure and crystal facets formation are highly dependent on dissolution/deposition processes, which can be strongly influenced by attributes, such as pH of the reaction media, the total concentration of dissolved and suspended titanium species, and the concentration of fluoride in the reaction solution. The changes of these attributes during the hydrothermal process were therefore measured and used to illustrate the morphology and crystal‐facet transformation processes of anatase TiO2 microspheres. The surface morphologies and crystal‐facet transformations during hydrothermal processes were found to be governed by the compositional changes of the reaction media, driven by dynamically shifted dissolution/deposition equilibria. The photocatalytic activities of the photoanodes made of anatase TiO2 microspheres were evaluated. The experimental results demonstrated that the photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2 microspheres with exposed {001} facets was found to be 1.5 times higher than that of the anatase TiO2 microspheres with exposed {101} facets.
General Copper‐Catalyzed Transformations of Functional Groups from Arylboronic Acids in Water
Authors: Yang Haijun , Li Yong , Jiang Min , Wang Junmei , Fu Hua
Published: April 2011

A simple and general copper‐catalyzed method has been developed for transformations of various functional groups (I, N3, SO2R, OH, NH2, and NO2) on aromatic rings from arylboronic acids in water under air. The protocol uses cheap and readily available inorganic salts (KI, NaN3, NaSO2R, NaOH, NaNO2) and aqueous ammonia as the functional‐group sources, simple Cu2O/NH3 as the catalyst system, environmentally friendly water as the solvent, and oxygen in air as the oxidant. Importantly, the copper catalyst system in water was recyclable. This study should provide a useful strategy for interconversions of the functional groups on aromatic rings.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Rare‐Earth Bismuthides Ln5SiBi2 and Ln5GeBi2 (Ln: La—Nd, Ge—Er): Stabilization of the β‐Yb5Sb3‐Type Structure Through Tetrel Substitution.
Authors: Barry Stephen D. , Tkachuk Andriy V. , Bie Haiying , Blanchard Peter E. R. , Mar Arthur
Published: April 2011

The title compounds are prepared by arc‐melting stoichiometric mixtures of the elements with a 5—7 wt.% excess of Bi followed by annealing at 800 °C for at least two weeks.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal‐Chemistry of Mullite‐Type Aluminoborates Al18B4O33 and Al5BO9: A Stoichiometry Puzzle.
Authors: Fisch Martin , Armbruster Thomas , Rentsch Daniel , Libowitzky Eugen , Pettke Thomas
Published: April 2011

Orthorhombic Al2O3‐rich aluminoborate samples are synthesized by solid state reactions between α‐Al2O3 and B2O3 or H3BO3 (Pt crucible, 1100—1200 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: K3BiAs6Se12: A Two‐Dimensional Bismuth Selenoarsenate Containing Crown‐Shaped Anions [As3Se6]3‐.
Authors: Wu Yuandong , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: April 2011

Single crystals of K3BiAs6Se12 are prepared from mixtures of K2Se3, Bi, As2Se3, and Se in molar ratios of 1:1:1.5:2 (540 °C, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Na27Ru14O48: A New Mixed‐Valence Sodium Ruthenate with Magnetic Heptameric Plaquettes.
Authors: Allred J. M. , Wang L. M. , Khalifah P. , Cava R. J.
Published: April 2011

Single crystals of the title compound are prepared by reaction of Na2CO3 and RuO2 (alumina crucible, air, 700 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Desymmetrizations of meso‐tert‐Norbornenols by Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Retro‐Allylations.
Authors: Waibel Michael , Cramer Nicolai
Published: April 2011

Subtle differences of the substrate structure and, more importantly, of the conditions for the title transformation lead to diverging pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Regioselective Addition of Radicals and Carbanions to Ynol Ethers. A Strategy for the Synthesis of Exocyclic Enol Ethers.
Authors: Hanna Rana , Daoust Benoit
Published: April 2011

Two new strategies to synthesize exocyclic enol ethers are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Regeneration of a Silylium Ion Catalyst in Carbonyl Reduction.
Authors: Muether Kristine , Oestreich Martin
Published: April 2011

A silylium ion catalyzed reduction of carbonyl compounds using the unique reactivity of ferrocene‐substituted silane (I) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct and Efficient N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Hydroxymethylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Kuhl Nadine , Glorius Frank
Published: April 2011

The title reaction tolerates a range of important functional groups and affords the corresponding hydroxymethyl ketones selectively and in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dienes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Couplings of Tosylhydrazones with Aryl and Alkenyl Halides.
Authors: Barluenga Jose , Tomas‐Gamasa Maria , Aznar Fernando , Valdes Carlos
Published: April 2011

Tosylhydrazones generated in situ from α,β‐unsaturated ketones and tosylhydrazine give with aryl halides cyclic or acyclic dienes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Recyclable Fluoroalkylated 1,4‐Disubstituted [1,2,3]‐triazole Organocatalyst for Aldol Condensation of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Zhu Yi‐Wei , Yi Wen‐Bin , Cai Chun
Published: April 2011

Fluoroalkylated 1,4‐disubstituted [1,2,3]‐triazoles are shown to be good catalysts for the aldol condensation of aldehydes and ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of Bromotrichloromethane in Chlorination Reactions.
Authors: Newman Stephen G. , Bryan Christopher S. , Perez Didier , Lautens Mark
Published: April 2011

The combination of (II) and PPh3 is used as efficient system to convert aldehydes and ketones into geminal dichloroalkenes and benzyl alcohols into benzyl chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of (E)‐Alkenyl Aldehydes from Allyl Arenes or Alkenes via Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Direct Oxygenation of Allylic C—H Bond.
Authors: Chen Huoji , Jiang Huanfeng , Cai Congbi , Dong Jia , Fu Wei
Published: April 2011

The reaction is applied to a variety of allyl arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Mediated Microwave‐Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Amides.
Authors: Feng Sunlin , Jiang Shilei , Zhang Zhiying , Yu Xiaochun
Published: April 2011

An economic, simple, efficient, and stereoselective method for the title synthesis is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid Supported Organotin Reagents: Green Tools for Stille Cross‐Coupling Reactions with Brominated Substrates.
Authors: Louaisil Nicolas , Pham Phuoc Dien , Boeda Fabien , Faye Djibril , Castanet Anne‐Sophie , Legoupy Stephanie
Published: April 2011

Substituted organotin reagents supported on ionic liquid are used for Stille cross‐coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Robust Hole Transport in a Thienothiophene Derivative Toward Low‐Cost Electronics.
Authors: Oku Shinya , Takamiya Kazuhiro , Adachi Daisuke , Ishikawa Shuhei , Nagamatsu Shuichi , Takashima Wataru , Hayase Shuzi , Kaneto Keiichi
Published: April 2011

Synthesis and electron transport characteristics of p‐type organic semiconductor (III) are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Preparation of Polyfunctional Indoles via a Zinc Organometallic Variation of the Fischer Indole Synthesis.
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Guang , Haag Benjamin A. , Li Jin‐Shan , Knochel Paul
Published: April 2011

Functionalized organozinc substrates are prepared following different metalation strategies and subjected to the reaction with various aryldiazonium salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Diarylprolinol Silyl Ether Catalyzed Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes: Enhanced Enantioselectivity and Mechanistic Investigations.
Authors: Shi Zi‐Hui , Sheng Hao , Yang Ke‐Fang , Jiang Jian‐Xiong , Lai Guo‐Qiao , Lu Yixin , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: April 2011

This improved method offers substantial advantages over traditional approaches such as avoiding the use of acids or bases and the high level of stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Conventional as well as Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of 4‐Aryl‐3‐chloro‐1‐[(5‐nitroindazol‐1‐yl)acetamido]‐2‐oxo‐azetidines.
Authors: Upadhyay Apoorva , Srivastava S. K. , Sricastava S. D. , Yadav R.
Published: April 2011

Some of the new 2‐oxoazetidines (VIII) (12 examples) exhibit significant antibacterial and antifungal activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Quaternary Ammonium Salts with a Perhydroimidazo[1,5‐c]oxazolium Molecular Skeleton.
Authors: Korepin A. G. , Galkin P. V. , Glushakova N. M. , Malygina V. S. , Perepelkina E. K. , Lagodzinskaya G. V. , Eremenko L. T.
Published: April 2011

Mannich reaction of bis(nitroxymethyl)oxazolidine (I) is found to furnish quaternary ammonium salt (IV) with unique structure instead of the expected Mannich bases.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Azide‐Alkyne Fragments for “Click” Chemical Applications. Formation of Chiral 1,4‐Disubstituted‐(β‐alkyl)‐γ‐1,2,3‐triazole Scaffolds from Orthogonally Protected Chiral β‐Alkyl‐trialkylsilyl‐γ‐pentynyl Azides and Chiral β‐Alkyl‐γ‐pentynyl‐alcohols.
Authors: Montagnat Oliver D. , Lessene Guillaume , Hughes Andrew B.
Published: April 2011

The new azides (IX) and alcohols such as (X) are coupled by Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition to give chiral 1,4‐disubstituted triazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Novel Fluorescent Quinoline‐Based Aryl Substituted Styryl Systems.
Authors: Li Qian , Li Bao , Liu Bin , Yu Mingxin
Published: April 2011

The compounds (III) are synthesized under mild conditions from simple starting materials and with an inexpensive and easily handled catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Guanidine with peri‐Substituted (R‐Ethynyl)‐9,10‐anthraquinones Bearing Electron‐Donating Substituents.
Authors: Baranov D. S. , Vasilevsky S. F.
Published: April 2011

The title reactions results in the predominant or exclusive formation of 2‐amino‐3‐aroyldibenzoquinolinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐(3H)‐Quinazolinones by Microwave Assisted Tandem Reaction and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities.
Authors: Priya M. Gnana Ruba , Zulykama Y. , Girija K. , Murugesh S. , Perumal P. T.
Published: April 2011

A one‐pot synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives (IV) (10 examples) from anthranilic acid, primary aromatic amines and Vilsmeier reagent is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Silicon Shift of Unactivated Silanes from Aryl to Alkyl: Enantioselective Synthesis of Indanol Derivatives.
Authors: Seiser Tobias , Cramer Nicolai
Published: April 2011

A Caryl—Si bond activation and 1,4‐Si shift of unactivated tetraorganylsilanes is readily achieved in the presence of chiral Rh—difluorphos complex to give silylmethylindanols, e.g. (II), in good stereoselectivities (up to 99% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Triterpene Glycosides and Glucosyl Esters, and a Triterpene from the Leaves of Schefflera actinophylla.
Authors: Wanas Amira Samir , Matsunami Katsuyoshi , Otsuka Hideaki , Desoukey Samar Yahie , Fouad Mostafa Ahmed , Kamel Mohamed Salah
Published: April 2011

3 New ursane‐type triterpene glycosides (I), 2 new lupane‐type triterpene glucosides (II) and (IIIa), one new lupane‐type triterpene (IIIb), and one new lupane‐type triterpene glucosyl ester (IIIc) are isolated from the EtOAc and BuOH fractions of the leaves of the title evergreen tree.
ChemInform Abstract: Antibacterial Sphingolipid and Steroids from the Black Coral Antipathes dichotoma.
Authors: Al‐Lihaibi Sultan Samran , Ayyad Seif‐Eldin Nasr , Shaher Fekry , Alarif Walied Mohamed
Published: April 2011

The 2 new compounds (I) and (II) are isolated from the black coral Antipathes dichotoma together with 3 known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Nortriterpenoids and Lignans from the Fruit of Schisandra chinensis.
Authors: Xue Yong‐Bo , Zhang Yan‐Long , Yang Jian‐Hong , Du Xue , Pu Jian‐Xin , Zhao Wei , Li Xiao‐Nian , Xiao Wei‐Lie , Sun Han‐Dong
Published: April 2011

Phytochemical investigation of the fruit of Schisandra chinensis led to the isolation of 7 new compounds together with 16 known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: The Natural Product Hybrid (I) of Syringolin A and Glidobactin A Synergizes Proteasome Inhibition Potency with Subsite Selectivity.
Authors: Clerc Jerome , Li Nan , Krahn Daniel , Groll Michael , Bachmann Andre S. , Florea Bogdan I. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Kaiser Markus
Published: April 2011

synthesis and bioactivity of title compound (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure—Active Relationship of 1‐Aryl‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline Anticonvulsants.
Authors: Gitto Rosaria , De Luca Laura , Ferro Stefania , Agnello Stefano , Russo Emilio , De Sarro Giovanbattista , Chimirri Alba
Published: April 2011

A series of 6 title compounds of type (I) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallocyclic Ferrocenyl Ligands
Authors: Richards Christopher J.
Published: April 2011

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Living Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers
Authors: Kanazawa Arihiro , Kanaoka Shokyoku , Aoshima Sadahito
Published: April 2011

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic C‐N—, C‐O—, and C‐S— Bond Formation Promoted by Organoactinide Complexes
Authors: Eisen Moris S.
Published: April 2011

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition Reactions with Azides
Authors: Schilling Christine , Jung Nicole , Braese Stefan
Published: April 2011

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Marine Natural Products
Authors: Hill Robert A.
Published: April 2011

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aza‐Wittig Reaction in Natural Product Syntheses
Authors: Palacios Francisco , Alonso Concepcion , Aparicio Domitila , Rubiales Gloria , de los Santos Jesus M.
Published: April 2011

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Moore Cyclization
Authors: Krawczyk Ewa , Dembinski Roman
Published: April 2011

Review: 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Weiss—Cook Reaction
Authors: Galatsis Paul
Published: April 2011

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels—Alder Reaction
Authors: Shea Kevin M.
Published: April 2011

Review: 141 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bradsher Cycloaddition and Bradsher Reaction
Authors: Galatsis Paul
Published: April 2011

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Ene Reactions and Cycloadditions
Authors: Mikami Koichi , Aikawa Kohsuke
Published: April 2011

Review: 218 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzyme‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Groeger Harald
Published: April 2011

Review: 372 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Lewis Acids and Broensted Acids in Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Yamamoto Hisashi , Cheon Cheol Hong
Published: April 2011

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis in Nonconventional Media/Conditions
Authors: Ogawa Chikako , Kobayashi Shu
Published: April 2011

Review: 184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Chemistry with Azides
Authors: Jimeno Ciril , Renaud Philippe
Published: April 2011

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Vinyl, Allenyl, and Ethynyl Azides
Authors: Banert Klaus
Published: April 2011

Review: 435 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermodynamic Properties of Spin Crossover 3d‐Metal Coordination Compounds
Authors: Berezovskii G. A. , Lavrenova L. G.
Published: April 2011

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Studies on Thiophene‐Containing Compounds
Authors: Zade Sanjio S. , Bendikov Michael
Published: April 2011

Review: 208 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advanced Approaches to Effective Solid‐State Analysis: X‐Ray Diffraction, Vibrational Spectroscopy and Solid‐State NMR
Authors: Vogt Frederick G. , Williams Glenn R.
Published: April 2011

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Detection of Carbon—Metal Bonds: From Distinct σ‐Bonding of Main Group Metals to Ambiguous π‐Bonding with Transition Metals
Authors: Eisch John J.
Published: April 2011

Review: 32 refs.
Endothelium‐coated tumor clusters are associated with poor prognosis and micrometastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma after resection
Authors: Ding Tong , Xu Jing , Zhang Ying , Guo Rong‐Ping , Wu Wen‐Chao , Zhang Shao‐Dan , Qian Chao‐Nan , Zheng Limin
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND:

Distinct morphologic features of microvascular endothelium exist in tumor tissues. The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of endothelium‐coated tumor clusters (ECTCs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODS:

ECTCs were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) (a cell surface glycoprotein which is expressed specifically on tumor microvascular endothelium in HCC) in 239 specimens from patients with primary HCC. Overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) were determined using Kaplan‐Meier analysis and a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Levels of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase‐mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and Ki‐67 expression, and E‐cadherin expression were assessed to determine tumor apoptosis, proliferation, and invasiveness, respectively.

RESULTS:

The presence of ECTCs was associated with a poor prognosis in all patients and in patient subgroups stratified by tumor size, TNM classification, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage and tumor invasiveness. In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, the presence of ECTCs emerged as an independent prognostic indicator of both poor OS (P = .001; hazard ratio, 1.949) and shorter TTR (P < .001; hazard ratio, 2.085). Furthermore, the presence of ECTCs was associated with micrometastatic endothelium‐coated emboli (P < .001; chi‐square test) and early relapse after resection (P < .001; chi‐square test). In addition, patients who had endothelium‐coated emboli, in which tumor cells displayed high proliferation and low apoptosis, had poor OS and shorter TTR.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results suggested that the presence of ECTCs was an efficient, simple, and convenient predictor of a poor prognosis in patients with HCC that potentially may serve as a novel target for the prevention and treatment of HCC metastasis. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Rapamycin‐sensitive signals control TCR/CD28‐driven Ifng, Il4 and Foxp3 transcription and promoter region methylation
Authors: Tomasoni Romana , Basso Veronica , Pilipow Karolina , Sitia Giovanni , Saccani Simona , Agresti Alessandra , Mietton Flore , Natoli Gioacchino , Colombetti Sara , Mondino Anna
Published: April 2011

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls T‐cell differentiation in response to polarizing cytokines. We previously found that mTOR blockade by rapamycin (RAPA) delays the G1‐S cell cycle transition and lymphocyte proliferation. Here, we report that both mTOR complex 1 and mTOR complex 2 are readily activated following TCR/CD28 engagement and are critical for early expression of Ifng, Il4 and Foxp3, and for effector T cell differentiation in the absence of polarizing cytokines. While inhibition of mTOR complex 1 and cell division were evident at low doses of RAPA, inhibition of mTOR complex 2, Ifng, Il4 and Foxp3 expression, and T‐cell polarization required higher doses and more prolonged treatments. We found that while T‐bet and GATA3 were readily induced following TCR/CD28 engagement, administration of RAPA delayed their expression, and interfered with the loss of DNA methylation within Ifng and Il4 promoter regions. In contrast, RAPA prevented activation‐dependent DNA methylation of the Foxp3 promoter favoring Foxp3 expression. As a result, RAPA‐cultured cells lacked immediate effector functions and instead were enriched for IL‐2+ cells. We propose that mTOR‐signaling, by timing the expression of critical transcription factors and DNA methylation of proximal promoter regions, regulates transcriptional competence at immunologically relevant sites and hence lymphocyte differentiation.
Setting the threshold for extra‐thymic differentiation of Foxp3+ Tregs: TGF‐β‐dependent and T‐cell autonomous
Authors: Godkin Andrew , Gallimore Awen
Published: April 2011

There is a lack of clarity regarding the conditions supporting de novo induction of Tregs. While there is widespread agreement in the literature over the need for optimal stimulation conditions and exogenous TGF‐β in vitro, a number of studies indicate that sub‐immunogenic conditions induce Tregs in vivo. These seemingly disparate findings have hindered the ability to pin down the conditions promoting Treg induction, including the role of co‐stimulation and even the necessity for TGF‐β. Two studies in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology re‐examine these previous findings in detail and shed some light on the controversy. These studies demonstrate that Treg induction depends on reaching a certain threshold of signal strength: the requirement for co‐stimulation is therefore not absolute but dictated by the strength of other signals received by the T cell. Furthermore, these studies demonstrate that the only source of TGF‐β required for the induction of Tregs under sub‐optimal condition is the T cells themselves. Overall, the picture that emerges is one where sub‐immunogenicity, rather than a requirement for exogenous TGF‐β, defines the conditions that support TGF‐β‐dependent Foxp3 induction in a T‐cell autonomous fashion. The next challenge lies in utilizing this knowledge for the purpose of inducing Tregs for therapeutic gain.
Sn(OTf)2 as an Effective Lewis Acid in Reactions of Cyclopropyl Ketones with Acetic Anhydride: Application in the Synthesis of a 19‐Nor‐B‐homo Steroid
Authors: Kranz Darius Paul , Meier zu Greffen Aike , El Sheikh Sherif , Neudörfl Jörg Martin , Schmalz Hans‐Günther
Published: April 2011

Attempts to convert 3β‐acetoxy‐5,19‐cyclo‐pregna‐6,20‐dione (8) into a cyclocitrinol‐related steroid with a bicyclo[4.4.1]‐undecane AB‐ring substructure through a Lewis acid‐assisted fragmentation failed. Instead, treating 8 with an excess of Ac2O and BF3·Et2O afforded B‐homo steroid 9 in 90 % yield. This unexpected rearrangement is assumed to proceed via an intermediate bicyclobutonium cation. Remarkably, tricyclo[4.4.1.0]undecane‐1‐one (rac‐13), prepared as a model substrate, did not react under the same conditions. However, by screening various Lewis acids, stannous triflate was identified as a particularly efficient reagent for this and related Lewis acid‐assisted ring‐opening reactions of cyclopropyl ketones in the presence of Ac2O, and even catalytic amounts of Sn(OTf)2 (5 mol‐%) proved to be effective.
Electrophilic Cyclizations of 2‐Fluoroalk‐3‐yn‐1‐ones: Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Diversely 2,5‐Disubstituted 3,4‐Fluorohalofurans
Authors: Li Yan , Wheeler Kraig A. , Dembinski Roman
Published: April 2011

A 5‐endo‐dig halocyclization of 2‐fluoroalk‐3‐yn‐1‐ones with the use of N‐iodo‐ and N‐bromosuccinimide, in the presence of gold chloride/zinc bromide (5:20 mol‐%, dichloromethane), under ambient conditions, provides a facile method for the synthesis of 2,5‐disubstituted 3‐bromo‐4‐fluoro‐ and3‐fluoro‐4‐iodofurans. The sequential procedure starts atmonofluorination of the alk‐1‐en‐3‐yn‐1‐yl silyl ethers with Selectfluor and proceeds with good overall yields (62–78 %).
A simplified adaptive Cartesian grid system for solving the 2D shallow water equations
Authors: Liang Qiuhua
Published: April 2011

This paper presents a new simplified grid system that provides local refinement and dynamic adaptation for solving the 2D shallow water equations (SWEs). Local refinement is realized by simply specifying different subdivision levels to the cells on a background uniform coarse grid that covers the computational domain. On such a non‐uniform grid, the structured property of a regular Cartesian mesh is maintained and neighbor information is determined by simple algebraic relationships, i.e. data structure becomes unnecessary. Dynamic grid adaptation is achieved by changing the subdivision level of a background cell. Therefore, grid generation and adaptation is greatly simplified and straightforward to implement. The new adaptive grid‐based SWE solver is tested by applying it to simulate three idealized test cases and promising results are obtained. The new grid system offers a simplified alternative to the existing approaches for providing adaptive mesh refinement in computational fluid dynamics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical conversations: A call for a nonprocedural “time out”
Authors: Sehgal Niraj L. , Fox Michael , Sharpe Bradley A. , Vidyarthi Arpana R. , Blegen Mary , Wachter Robert M.
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND:

Communication failures are an ongoing threat to patient safety. Procedural “time outs” were developed as a method to enhance communication and mitigate patient harm. Nonprocedural settings generate equal risks for communication failure, yet lack a similar communication tool or practice that can be applied, particularly with a patient‐driven focus.

INNOVATION:

Rapidly changing clinical states and care plans are common in the hospital setting, placing patients at risk for adverse events. Certain junctures allow for the highest potential of patient harm—at the time of admission, at a change in clinical condition, and at the time of discharge. Direct communication among healthcare providers at these junctures, which we have dubbed Critical Conversations, can provide an opportunity to clarify plans of care, address or anticipate concerns, and foster greater teamwork. Information exchanged during Critical Conversations includes a combination of checklist‐type items and more open‐ended questions but they ultimately create a structure and expectation for communication.

LESSONS LEARNED:

Integration of Critical Conversations into practice requires provider education and buy‐in, as well as expectations for them to occur. Monitoring adherence, capturing stories of success, and demonstrating effectiveness may enhance implementation and continuous improvement in the process.

CONCLUSIONS:

Communication tools designed to reduce the likelihood of patient harm remain a focus of patient safety efforts. Critical Conversations are an innovative communication tool, intervention, and policy that potentially limits communication failures at critical junctures to ensure high quality and safe patient care. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Reliability of a point‐based VTE risk assessment tool in the hands of medical residents
Authors: Beck Michael J. , Haidet Paul , Todoric Krista , Lehman Erik , Sciamanna Chris
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND:

Venous thromboembolic events (VTE) are a significant cause of mortality in hospitalized medical and surgical patients. Despite recommendations and guidelines, current evidence demonstrates that VTE prophylaxis remains underutilized in at‐risk patients. The process of providing VTE prophylaxis begins with assessing each patient's VTE risk. Using an individualized, point‐based protocol in the assessment process is a complex task, and might contribute to variability in VTE prescribing behavior. There are no published data on how reliably residents can perform risk assessment and prophylaxis using a point‐based VTE risk assessment tool.

OBJECTIVE:

Our aim was to determine inter‐rater reliability of a point‐based risk assessment tool by residents early in the academic year.

DESIGN:

The design was a cross‐sectional‐cohort observational study.

SETTING:

The site was an academic medical center.

PATIENTS:

Case‐based clinical vignettes were used.

INTERVENTIONS:

Verbal instructions were given to medical residents about how to apply our hospital's point‐based VTE risk assessment tool.

MEASUREMENTS:

Interobserver agreement was measured of: 1) risk score, 2) risk‐stratification, 3) identification of contraindications, 4) VTE prophylaxis plan, and 5) resident adherence to the protocol.

RESULTS:

The intra‐class correlation (ICC) for the total risk score was 0.66 and the kappa coefficient for risk stratification was 0.51. The kappa scores for absolute and relative contraindications were 0.29 and 0.23, respectively. The kappa score for the VTE plan was 0.28.

CONCLUSIONS:

We determined that, following brief instructions early in the academic year, a point‐based VTE risk assessment tool has only fair to moderate inter‐rater reliability, with suboptimal adherence to the protocol. Both might lead to underutilization of VTE prevention strategies. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Serum sickness‐like reaction with clarithromycin
Authors: Sohail Muhammad Adnan , Nasir Junaid , Ikram Umaira , Genese Thomas
Published: April 2011

Serum sickness‐like reaction is a rare immunological condition which may develop following exposure to certain drugs such as penicillins, cephalosporins, and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, among many others. It is described classically as a type III hypersensitivity response to heterologous proteins. Its true mechanism is still unclear. We present a case of serum sickness‐like reaction to clarithromycin, a commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. The patient had been taking this drug for 3 days when she experienced generalized body aches, rash, arthralgia, and shortness of breath, prompting presentation to the emergency department. Laboratory studies showed decreased C4 and total complement with a slightly elevated sedimentation rate. After exclusion of other possible causes, the diagnosis of serum sickness‐like reaction was made. The patient responded well to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication, antihistamines, and a short, tapering dose of steroids. To our knowledge, serum sickness‐like reaction to clarithromycin has never been reported previously. This case emphasizes the need for increased clinical awareness of such an adverse outcome to clarithromycin use. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Local and global climate signals from tree rings of Parkinsonia praecox in La Guajira, Colombia
Authors: Ramírez Jorge Andrés , del Valle Jorge Ignacio
Published: April 2011

Land use change and climate change have been increasingly contributing to loss or reduction of biological and economic productivity of arid lands. The dry climate and physiographic characteristics of the Peninsula of La Guajira on the Colombian Caribbean coast are considered to be crucial drivers of the loss of vegetative cover and soil erosion; however, little knowledge exists on long‐term changes in climate in the area. This study presents a tree‐ring chronology from Parkinsonia praecox (18 trees, 45 radii) that allows the reconstruction of local and global climate drivers spanning the last 63 years. Tree‐ring width was strongly correlated with rainfall and wind data, indicating that annual tree growth was closely related to local climatic variability. The chronology also strongly correlated with an index of ENSO severity (El Niño Southern Oscillation), suggesting that large‐scale climatic phenomenon also have important influence on Parkinsonia growth. To further investigate rainfall‐growth relationships, climate data series of annual rainfall and rainfall from September to November (SON), the rainiest months, were reconstructed using transfer functions. These data series did not exhibit a clear trend of change in rainfall over the last 63 years. The transfer functions reconstructed the total annual rainfall (R2 = 0.8), and SON (R2 = 0.7). This study constitutes the first attempt to reconstruct climatic patterns in Colombia with techniques of dendrochronology, and demonstrates the potential of Parkinsonia praecox for studying climatic patterns along the American subtropics, ranging from Mexico to Argentina. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Prognostic impact and therapeutic implications of sentinel lymph node micro‐metastases in early‐stage breast cancer patients
Authors: Viehl Carsten T. , Langer Igor , Guller Ulrich , Zanetti‐Dällenbach Rosanna , Moch Holger , Wight Edward , Oertli Daniel , Zuber Markus
Published: April 2011

The prognostic value of sentinel lymph node (SLN) micro‐metastases and the question whether patients with SLN micro‐metastases should undergo axillary lymph node dissection remain a matter of great debate. Based on the current literature and on our own data, we provide suggestive evidence that SLN micro‐metastases in early stage breast cancer patients appear to have prognostic value and should impact the decision‐making regarding adjuvant therapy, however, do not necessarily require further surgical treatment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:531–533. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Translational/personalized medicine, pharmaco/surgico/radiogenomics, lymphatic spread of cancer, and medical ignoromes
Authors: Witte Marlys H.
Published: April 2011

In the elusive quest for “personalized” cancer treatments based on pharmacogenomics, diverse challenges must be overcome: questionable validity of “molecular models of life,” obstacles to bidirectional translation of scientific advances from bench to bedside to community, and limitations of bioinformatics to recognize and deal with “ignoramics/ignoromes” (expanding unknowns in cancer biology, theranostics, and therapeutic choices). These considerations apply to lymphatic system functioning—lymphatic vessels, lymph, lymph nodes, and lymphocytes—in diseases like cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:501–507. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cutaneous melanoma: A model to study cancer metastasis
Authors: Leong Stanley P.L. , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Soong Seng‐jaw , Schadendorf Dirk , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Agarwala Sanjiv , Hauschild Axel , Soon Christopher W.M. , Daud Adil , Kashani‐Sabet Mohammed
Published: April 2011

Nodal status in melanoma is a critically important prognostic factor for patient outcome. The survival rate drops to <10% when melanoma has spread beyond the regional lymph nodes and includes visceral involvement. In general, the process of melanoma metastasis is progressive in that dissemination of melanoma from the primary site to the regional lymph nodes occurs prior to systemic disease. The goal of this review article is to describe melanoma as a clinical model to study cancer metastasis. A future challenge is to develop a molecular taxonomy to subgroup melanoma patients at various stages of tumor progression for more accurate targeted treatment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:538–549. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systemic treatment of early breast cancer—a biological perspective
Authors: Greenberg Sally , Stopeck Alison , Rugo Hope S.
Published: April 2011

Breast cancer is the most common non‐skin cancer affecting women worldwide. In the United States, over 90% of tumors are diagnosed as either in situ or localized to the breast or regional lymph nodes. Surgical treatment and adjuvant radiotherapy play an important role in loco‐regional treatment of early stage breast cancer. Systemic adjuvant therapy is targeted towards isolated circulating and/or disseminated tumor cells to prevent systemic recurrence. This review will describe the diverse tumor biology of human breast cancer and how it influences decisions with regard to the use of adjuvant therapies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:619–626. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel approach to automation of dynamic hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Esrafili Ali , Yamini Yadollah , Ghambarian Mahnaz , Moradi Morteza , Seidi Shahram
Published: April 2011

An automated dynamic two‐phase hollow fiber microextraction apparatus combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed for extraction and determination of chlorophenoxy acid (CPA) herbicides from environmental samples. The extraction device, called TT‐extractor, consists of a polypropylene hollow fiber mounted inside a stainless steel tube by means of two tee‐connectors in flow system. An organic solvent, which fills the lumen and the pores of the hydrophobic fiber, is pumped through the fiber repeatedly and the sample is pumped along the outer side of the fiber. The factors affecting the dynamic hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction (DHF‐LPME) of target analytes were investigated and the optimal extraction conditions were established. To test the applicability of the designed instrument, CPAs were extracted from environmental aqueous samples. The limits of detection (LODs) as low as 0.5 μg/L, linear dynamic range in the range of 1–100 μg/L and the relative standard deviations of <7% were obtained. The developed method can provide perconcentration factors as large as 230. A hollow fiber membrane can be used at least 20 times with neither loss in the efficiency nor carryover of the analytes between runs. The system is cheap and convenient and requires minimal manual handling.