bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FASA-DRAM: Reducing DRAM Latency with Destructive Activation and Delayed Restoration
Authors: Du Haitao , Qin Yuhan , Chen Song , Kang Yi
Published: February 2024

DRAM memory is a performance bottleneck for many applications, due to its high access latency. Previous work has mainly focused on data locality, introducing small-but-fast regions to cache frequently accessed data, thereby reducing the average latency. However, these locality-based designs have three challenges in modern multi-core systems: 1) Inter-application interference leads to random memory access traffic. 2) Fairness issues prevent the memory controller from over-prioritizing data locality. 3) Write-intensive applications have much lower locality and evict substantial dirty entries. With frequent data movement between the fast in-DRAM cache and slow regular arrays, the overhead induced by moving data may even offset the performance and energy benefits of in-DRAM caching.

In this paper, we decouple the data movement process into two distinct phases. The first phase is Load-Reduced Destructive Activation (LRDA), which destructively promotes data into the in-DRAM cache. The second phase is Delayed Cycle-Stealing Restoration (DCSR), which restores the original data when DRAM bank is idle. LRDA decouples the most time-consuming restoration phase from activation, and DCSR hides the restoration latency through prevalent bank-level parallelism. We propose FASA-DRAM incorporating destructive activation and delayed restoration techniques to enable both in-DRAM caching and proactive latency-hiding mechanisms. Our evaluation shows that FASA-DRAM improves the average performance by 19.9% and reduces average DRAM energy consumption by 18.1% over DDR4 DRAM for four-core workloads, with less than 3.4% extra area overhead. Furthermore, FASA-DRAM outperforms state-of-the-art designs in both performance and energy efficiency.
The RESET and MARC Techniques, with Application to Multiserver-Job Analysis
Authors: Grosof Isaac , Hong Yige , Harchol-Balter Mor , Scheller-Wolf Alan
Published: February 2024

Multiserver-job (MSJ) systems, where jobs need to run concurrently across many servers, are increasingly common in practice. The default service ordering in many settings is First-Come First-Served (FCFS) service. Virtually all theoretical work on MSJ FCFS models focuses on characterizing the stability region, with almost nothing known about mean response time.
Improving Biocompatibility of Polyurethanes Apply in Medicine Using Oxygen Plasma and Its Negative Effect on Increased Bacterial Adhesion
Authors: Drożdż Kamil , Gołda-Cępa Monika , Chytrosz-Wróbel Paulina , Kotarba Andrzej , Brzychczy-Włoch Monika
Published: February 2024

Polyurethanes (PUs) are versatile polymers used in medical applications due to their high flexibility and fatigue resistance. PUs are widely used for synthetic blood vessels, wound dressings, cannulas, and urinary and cardiovascular catheters. Many scientific reports indicate that surface wettability is crucial for biocompatibility and bacterial adhesion. The use of oxygen plasma to modify PUs is advantageous because of its effectiveness in introducing oxygen-containing functional groups, thereby altering surface wettability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the modification of the oxygen plasma of polyurethane on its biocompatibility with lung tissue (A549 cell line) and the adhesion of Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and S. epidermidis). The results showed that the modification of polyurethane by oxygen plasma allowed the introduction of functional groups containing oxygen (-OH and -COOH), which significantly increased its hydrophilicity (change from 105° ± 2° to 9° ± 2°) of PUs. Surface analysis by atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed changes in PU topography (change in maximum height from ∼110.3 nm to ∼32.1 nm). Moreover, biocompatibility studies on A549 cells showed that on the PU-modified surface, the cells exhibited altered morphology (increases in cell surface area and length, and thus reduced circularity) without concomitant effects on cell viability. However, serial dilution and plate count and microscopic methods confirmed that plasma modification significantly increased the adhesion of S. aureus and S. epidermidis bacteria. This study indicate the important role of surface hydrophilicity in biocompatibility and bacterial adhesion, which is important in the design of new medical biomaterials.
Electronic, Elastic, Optical, and Thermodynamic Properties Study of Ytterbium Chalcogenides Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Eressa Lemessa Asefa , Gerbi Zeleke Deressa
Published: February 2024

In this study, the structural, electronic, optical, elastic, and thermodynamic properties of Ytterbium chalcogenides YbX (X = S, Se and Te) were computed within the first principles using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) as implemented in the pseudopotential plane wave approach. The equilibrium total energy for YbX (X = S, Se, and Te) was calculated as a function of the energy cutoff, k-point grid, and lattice parameter. An optimized lattice parameter of 5.6, 5.66, and 6.136 Å were calculated for YbS, YbSe, and YbTe, respectively. The energy band gaps of YbS, YbSe, and YbTe computed are 1.14, 1.32, and 1.48 eV, respectively. In addition, the low band gap (less than 3 eV) for ytterbium chalcogenides indicated that they may have potential applications in photovoltaic cells and laser diodes. Moreover, the negative dielectric function value for a certain frequency range indicates that these compounds are suitable for specific optical and microwave circuit applications. The result of elastic and thermodynamic property computation reveals that ytterbium chalcogenides are mechanically and thermodynamically stable, which can be useful in a variety of electronic device applications.
Evaluation of Fe‐Ni Composite Oxygen Carrier in Coal Chemical Looping Gasification
Authors: Zhang Kun , Zhang Qiumin
Published: February 2024

Although coal chemical looping gasification (CCLG) is a promising technology for the efficient utilization of coal, limited studies concerned about the industrial application of oxygen carrier in CCLG system owing to its performance requirements including high reactivity with solid fuel, high carbon conversion, and good mechanical property. To meet the requirements of oxygen carriers in CCLG system, novel Fe‐Ni composite oxygen carrier (OC) samples were successfully prepared. The performances of these OCs were evaluated in a fixed bed reactor, where they were reduced by solid fuel and then fully oxidized by air. Both fixed bed tests and thermodynamic analysis showed that the prepare OCs exhibited high reactivity with coal and syngas selectivity, making them suitable for the CCLG process. Specifically, when the loading amount of NiO was 20 wt%, the Fe‐Ni composite OCs achieved the highest carbon conversion (93.03%) and synthesis gas selectivity (73.29%). Additionally, the thermogravimetric data revealed that the Curie temperature of the OCs was higher than 550°C, making them suitable for magnetic separation of the OC particles and carbon residue in the CCLG system.
Large-Scale Cancer Genomic Analysis Reveals Significant Disparities between Microsatellite Instability and Tumor Mutational Burden
Authors: Choi Jungyoon , Park Kyong Hwa , Kim Yeul Hong , Sa Jason K. , Sung Hwa Jung , Chen Yu-Wei , Chen Zhishan , Li Chao , Wen Wanqing , Zhang Qingrun , Shu Xiao-ou , Zheng Wei , Kim Jung Sun , Guo Xingyi
Published: February 2024

Background:

Microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) are predictive biomarkers for pan-cancer immunotherapy. The interrelationship between MSI-high (MSI-H) and TMB-high (TMB-H) in human cancers and their predictive value for immunotherapy in lung cancer remain unclear.

Methods:

We analyzed somatic mutation data from the Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (n = 46,320) to determine the relationship between MSI-H and TMB-H in human cancers using adjusted multivariate regression models. Patient survival was examined using the Cox proportional hazards model. The association between MSI and genetic mutations was assessed.

Results:

Patients (31–89%) with MSI-H had TMB-low phenotypes across 22 cancer types. Colorectal and stomach cancers showed the strongest association between TMB and MSI. TMB-H patients with lung cancer who received immunotherapy exhibited significantly higher overall survival [HR, 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.44–0.86] and progression-free survival (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47–0.91) compared to the TMB-low group; no significant benefit was observed in the MSI-H group. Patients with TMB and MSI phenotypes showed further improvement in overall survival and PFS. We identified several mutated genes associated with MSI-H phenotypes, including known mismatch repair genes and novel mutated genes, such as ARID1A and ARID1B.

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrate that TMB-H and/or a combination of MSI-H can serve as biomarkers for immunotherapies in lung cancer.

Impact:

These findings suggest that distinct or combined biomarkers should be considered for immunotherapy in human cancers because notable discrepancies exist between MSI-H and TMB-H across different cancer types.
Surgical Tumor Resection Deregulates Hallmarks of Cancer in Resected Tissue and the Surrounding Microenvironment
Authors: Chaubal Rohan , Gardi Nilesh , Joshi Shalaka , Pantvaidya Gouri , Kadam Rasika , Vanmali Vaibhav , Hawaldar Rohini , Talker Elizabeth , Chitra Jaya , Gera Poonam , Bhatia Dimple , Kalkar Prajakta , Gurav Mamta , Shetty Omshree , Desai Sangeeta , Krishnan Neeraja M. , Nair Nita , Parmar Vani , Dutt Amit , Panda Binay , Gupta Sudeep , Badwe Rajendra
Published: February 2024

Surgery exposes tumor tissue to severe hypoxia and mechanical stress leading to rapid gene expression changes in the tumor and its microenvironment, which remain poorly characterized. We biopsied tumor and adjacent normal tissues from patients with breast (n = 81) and head/neck squamous cancers (HNSC; n = 10) at the beginning (A), during (B), and end of surgery (C). Tumor/normal RNA from 46/81 patients with breast cancer was subjected to mRNA-Seq using Illumina short-read technology, and from nine patients with HNSC to whole-transcriptome microarray with Illumina BeadArray. Pathways and genes involved in 7 of 10 known cancer hallmarks, namely, tumor-promoting inflammation (TNF-A, NFK-B, IL18 pathways), activation of invasion and migration (various extracellular matrix–related pathways, cell migration), sustained proliferative signaling (K-Ras Signaling), evasion of growth suppressors (P53 signaling, regulation of cell death), deregulating cellular energetics (response to lipid, secreted factors, and adipogenesis), inducing angiogenesis (hypoxia signaling, myogenesis), and avoiding immune destruction (CTLA4 and PDL1) were significantly deregulated during surgical resection (time points A vs. B vs. C). These findings were validated using NanoString assays in independent pre/intra/post-operative breast cancer samples from 48 patients. In a comparison of gene expression data from biopsy (analogous to time point A) with surgical resection samples (analogous to time point C) from The Cancer Genome Atlas study, the top deregulated genes were the same as identified in our analysis, in five of the seven studied cancer types. This study suggests that surgical extirpation deregulates the hallmarks of cancer in primary tumors and adjacent normal tissue across different cancers.

Implications:

Surgery deregulates hallmarks of cancer in human tissue.
TABLE 1 from Stromal Signals Dominate Gene Expression Signature Scores That Aim to Describe Cancer Cell–intrinsic Stemness or Mesenchymality Characteristics
Authors: Kreis Julian , Aybey Bogac , Geist Felix , Brors Benedikt , Staub Eike
Published: February 2024

Differentially expressed EMT-related signature genes between fibroblasts and cancer cells in summarized across three (BRCA), three (CRC), one (glioma), and one (HNSC) scRNA-seq datasets
Supplementary Figure S9 from Stromal Signals Dominate Gene Expression Signature Scores That Aim to Describe Cancer Cell–intrinsic Stemness or Mesenchymality Characteristics
Authors: Kreis Julian , Aybey Bogac , Geist Felix , Brors Benedikt , Staub Eike
Published: February 2024

Correlation coefficients between EMT-related gene expression signature scores and cell type abundances (Ecotyper) in colorectal cancer.
Supplementary Figure S6 from Stromal Signals Dominate Gene Expression Signature Scores That Aim to Describe Cancer Cell–intrinsic Stemness or Mesenchymality Characteristics
Authors: Kreis Julian , Aybey Bogac , Geist Felix , Brors Benedikt , Staub Eike
Published: February 2024

Influence of fibroblast cell line lineage on the coherence of EMT-related gene expression signature scores.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Stromal Signals Dominate Gene Expression Signature Scores That Aim to Describe Cancer Cell–intrinsic Stemness or Mesenchymality Characteristics
Authors: Kreis Julian , Aybey Bogac , Geist Felix , Brors Benedikt , Staub Eike
Published: February 2024

RosettaSX analysis of TCGA and CCLE pancreas cancer samples.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Stromal Signals Dominate Gene Expression Signature Scores That Aim to Describe Cancer Cell–intrinsic Stemness or Mesenchymality Characteristics
Authors: Kreis Julian , Aybey Bogac , Geist Felix , Brors Benedikt , Staub Eike
Published: February 2024

RosettaSX analysis of TCGA and CCLE GBM and central nervous system cancer samples.
Supplementary Figure S10 from Stromal Signals Dominate Gene Expression Signature Scores That Aim to Describe Cancer Cell–intrinsic Stemness or Mesenchymality Characteristics
Authors: Kreis Julian , Aybey Bogac , Geist Felix , Brors Benedikt , Staub Eike
Published: February 2024

Correlation coefficients between EMT-related gene expression signature scores and cell type abundances (Ecotyper) in pancreas cancer.
Cannabis and Anxiety: A Critical Review
Authors: Beletsky Alexander , Liu Cherry , Lochte Bryson , Samuel Nebiyou , Grant Igor
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Cannabis has been reported to have both anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects. Habitual cannabis use has been associated with anxiety disorders (AD). The causal pathways and mechanisms underlying the association between cannabis use (CU)/cannabis use disorder (CUD) and anxiety remain unclear. We examined the literature via a systematic review to investigate the link between cannabis and anxiety. The hypotheses studied include causality, the common factor theory, and the self-medication hypothesis. Methods: Critical systematic review of published literature examining the relationship of CU/CUD to AD or state-anxiety, including case reports, literature reviews, observational studies, and preclinical and clinical studies. A systematic MEDline search was conducted of terms including: [anxiety], [anxiogenic], [anxiolytic], [PTSD], [OCD], [GAD], [cannabis], [marijuana], [tetrahydrocannabinol], [THC]. Results: While several case-control and cohort studies have reported no correlation between CU/CUD and AD or state anxiety (N = 5), other cross-sectional, and longitudinal studies report significant relationships (N = 20). Meta-analysis supports anxiety correlating with CU (N = 15 studies, OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06–1.45, p = 0.006) or CUD (N = 13 studies, OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.23–2.31, p = 0.001). PATH analysis identifies the self-medication hypothesis (N = 8) as the model that best explains the association between CU/CUD and AD or state-anxiety. Despite the support of multiple large cohort studies, causal interpretations (N = 17) are less plausible, while the common factor theory (N = 5), stress-misattribution hypothesis, and reciprocal feedback theory lack substantial evidential support. Conclusion: The association between cannabis and anxiety is best explained by anxiety predisposing individuals toward CU as a method of self-medication. A causal relationship in which CU causes AD incidence is less likely despite multiple longitudinal studies suggesting so.
Acquired Angioedema Associated with Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Authors: Ng Jun Yen , Ooi Meidelynn , Bennett Samuel K. , Rady Kirsty , Choi Philip , Lee Wei-I. , Cook Matthew C. , Randall Katrina L. , Pati Nalini K.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Acquired angioedema due to C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency (C1INH-AAE) is most associated with lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs), particularly low-grade B-cell subtypes. The condition remains under-recognized with long diagnostic delays due to various challenges including a lack of awareness of the condition. Case Presentation: We discuss 4 cases of C1INH-AAE associated with low-grade B-cell LPDs, including various diagnostic and management challenges. As our cases illustrate, constitutional symptoms or overt manifestations of LPD at diagnosis are often absent. Hence, a comprehensive multimodal approach to screening for an underlying B-LPD is important when a diagnosis of acquired angioedema is made. Levels of complement C4, C1q, and C1INH are useful for diagnosing C1INH-AAE and for monitoring disease activity. Changes in these parameters may also indicate relapse of the underlying hematological malignancy. Treating the underlying disorder is important as this commonly leads to clinical improvement with decreased episodes of angioedema and normalization of complement studies. Conclusion: Awareness of C1INH-AAE can lead to an early diagnosis of hematological malignancies. The absence of constitutional symptoms emphasizes the need for a comprehensive multimodal approach to screening for LPD in C1INH-AAE. C4, C1INH level, and function are useful for monitoring disease activity.
Gender, Racial, and Geographical Disparities in Malignant Brain Tumor Mortality in the USA
Authors: Tan Jia Yi , Thong Jia Yean , Yeo Yong Hao , Mbenga Kelly , Saleh Sabera
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Malignant brain tumors are malignancies which are known for their low survival rates. Despite advancements in treatments in the last decade, the disparities in malignant brain cancer mortality among the US population remain unclear. Methods: We analyzed death certificate data from the US CDC WONDER from 1999 to 2020 to determine the longitudinal trends of malignant brain tumor mortality. Malignant brain tumor (ICD-10 C71.0–71.9) was listed as the underlying cause of death. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 individuals were calculated by standardizing the AAMR to the year 2000 US population. Results: From 1999 to 2020, there were 306,375 deaths due to malignant brain tumors. The AAMR decreased from 5.57 (95% CI, 5.47–5.67) per 100,000 individuals in 1999 to 5.40 (95% CI, 5.31–5.48) per 100,000 individuals in 2020, with an annual percent decrease of −0.05 (95% CI, −0.22, 0.12). Whites had the highest AAMR (6.05 [95% CI, 6.02–6.07] per 100,000 individuals), followed by Hispanics (3.70 [95% CI, 3.64–3.76]) per 100,000 individuals, blacks (3.09 [95% CI, 3.04–3.14] per 100,000 individuals), American Indians (2.82 [95% CI, 2.64–3.00] per 100,000 individuals), and Asians (2.44 [95% CI, 2.38–2.50] per 100,000 individuals). The highest AAMRs were reported in the Midwest region (5.58 [95% CI, 5.54–5.62] per 100,000 individuals) and the rural regions (5.66 [95% CI, 5.61–5.71] per 100,000 individuals). Conclusions: Our study highlights the mortality disparity among different races, geographic regions, and urbanization levels. The findings underscore the importance of addressing the disparities in malignant brain tumors that existed among males, white individuals, and rural populations.
Semaglutide, a Long-Acting GLP-1 Analogue, for the Management of Early-Onset Obesity due to MC4R Defect: A Case Report
Authors: Gokul Pon Ramya , Apperley Louise , Parkinson Jennifer , Clark Kate , Lund Kim , Owens Megan , Senniappan Senthil
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Childhood obesity is a global concern and has both nutritional and genetic causative factors. One of the most common monogenic causes of obesity is heterozygous mutations in the Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), which are found in 5.7–8.6% of individuals with early-onset obesity. We report, the effect of semaglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) analogue, in the treatment of severe obesity in an adolescent boy with a heterozygous mutation in MC4R. Case Presentation: A 13-year-old boy with a history of excessive weight gain since infancy was referred to the specialised weight management team. He was born at full term with a birth weight of 3.57 kg (50th centile), but his weight consistently exceeded the 99.6th percentile after the age of 1 year. At the age of 5 years, he was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Diagnostic investigations revealed insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, while genetic testing confirmed a heterozygous mutation in MC4R (E61K), inherited from his mother. Managing his condition was challenging due to his rapid weight gain, needle phobia, and behavioural difficulties. Despite intense multidisciplinary lifestyle interventions, he continued to gain weight, reaching a peak weight of 187.5 kg (+16.65 standard deviation score [SDS]), body mass index (BMI) of 56.9 kg/m2 (+4.19 SDS), and body fat of 63.9% at the age of 13 years. Due to severe ASD and needle phobia, he was not keen on daily GLP-1 injections. He was commenced on semaglutide subcutaneous injection at a dose of 0.25 mg weekly, gradually increasing to the maximum dose of 1 mg weekly. Over the course of 12 weeks, his BMI decreased to 52.2 kg/m2 (+4.08 SDS) and weight dropped to 176.8 kg (+14.76 SDS, body fat: 52.7%). At the 3-month and 12-month reviews post-treatment, he achieved weight loss of 5.7% and 11%, respectively. The quality of life questionnaire showed improved scores from 35.95 to 60.36 at 12-month review, indicating enhanced well-being. The continuous glucose monitor demonstrated an improvement in time in range. Conclusion: Semaglutide was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for weight management in adolescents aged 12 years and above in December 2022. A recent case series underscored the benefits of therapy with liraglutide, a short-acting GLP-1 analogue, in rare genetic cases of early-onset obesity. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to highlight the efficacy and safety of semaglutide in an adolescent with heterozygous MC4R mutation. Semaglutide could be a potential treatment option for monogenic obesity and will benefit from further research.
Endocrine-Related Adverse Conditions in Pediatric Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition for Malignancies
Authors: Shalitin Shlomit
Published: February 2024

Background: In recent years, remarkable advances in cancer immunotherapy have been introduced in the field of oncology. Since the discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), these groups of medications have become a crucial treatment for several types of adult cancer. Summary: To date, pediatric experience with this group of medications is limited. Nevertheless, as clinicians, we have to be aware of the possible immune-related adverse events including immune-related endocrinopathies (thyroid dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, adrenal insufficiency, and pituitary insufficiency) that have been reported regarding these medications. These adverse events probably result from uncontrolled activation of the immune system. Key Message: Early diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of immune-related endocrinopathies associated with ICIs treatment are also essential for the best supportive care and administration of ICIs in pediatric patients. This review presents the current data on the immune-related endocrinopathies associated with the ICIs treatment, with suggestions for management.
Metodologi Riset Konsumen di Bidang Pangan: Teori dan Panduan Praktis
Authors: Ma’rifat Tian Nur , Rahmawan Arief , Septifani Riska , Kusuma Bayu , Waluyo Eko
Published: February 2024

Apakah Anda seorang mahasiswa yang tertarik untuk memahami perilaku konsumen pada produk pangan? Apakah Anda seorang peneliti yang ingin menggali lebih dalam mengenai dunia riset konsumen yang berkaitan dengan industri pangan yang sedang berkembang? Buku “Metodologi Riset Konsumen di Bidang Pangan” ini akan menjadi panduan yang komprehensif dan mendalam dalam memahami bagaimana melaksanakan riset konsumen yang relevan dan efektif dalam konteks pangan. Dengan buku ini, pembaca akan mendapatkan pemahaman yang kokoh tentang bagaimana mengambil data dan informasi yang relevan dalam riset konsumen pangan, disertai dengan topik-topik riset konsumen yang dibutuhkan untuk industri pangan yang sedang berkembang saat ini. Buku ini akan menjadi panduan yang sangat diperlukan bagi mahasiswa dan profesional di bidang pangan yang ingin lebih mendalam dalam memahami bagaimana konsumen memilih, membeli, dan mengonsumsi makanan, dan bagaimana riset konsumen dapat membantu mengembangkan produk yang lebih relevan dan memahami tren dalam industri pangan yang selalu berubah. Dengan menggunakan studi kasus nyata dan contoh-contoh praktis, buku ini juga memberikan panduan praktis yang menuntun Anda mendapatkan keterampilan tentang metodologi riset yang digunakan dalam analisis konsumen.
Baterai Sekunder Ion Litium: Prinsip dan Aplikasi
Authors: Puspitasari Diah Agustina , Kartikowati Christina Wahyu , Fauziyah Mar’atul , Supriyono S , Septani Cindy Mutiara , Maharsih Inggit Kresna
Published: February 2024

Teknologi baterai saat ini telah berkembang pesat di dunia dan banyak diaplikasikan pada berbagai bidang seperti kedokteran, konstruksi, transportasi, dan energi. Salah satu aplikasi baterai pada bidang energi adalah sebagai penyimpan energi pada kendaraan listrik yang mana permintaan akan kendaraan listrik ini makin meningkatkan setiap tahunnya. Material penyusun baterai terdiri dari perpaduan berbagai jenis logam dan nonlogam. Perpaduan logam ini akan menghasilkan kinerja baterai yang beragam.
Mengakurasi Masa Lalu, Mengintip Masa Depan: Representasi, Memori Kolektif, dan Praktik Museum Masa Kini di Indonesia
Authors: Prianti Desi Dwi , Suyadnya I Wayan , Nihru Salma Salima Hariza
Published: February 2024

Buku ini secara eksplisit menguraikan peran vital museum dalam masyarakat. Melalui pendekatan komunikasi visual yang inovatif seperti diorama, kita diundang untuk menyelami lebih dalam narasi-narasi yang membentuk identitas bangsa. Pendekatan ini mengubah cara kita melihat artefak menjadi lebih dari sekadar objek; mereka menjadi narator dalam cerita besar bangsa ini. Dengan mengangkat sosok Munir, buku ini menekankan bagaimana museum memainkan peran kunci dalam mendokumentasikan perjuangan kemanusiaan. Museum menjadi medium yang kuat untuk mempertahankan ingatan kolektif akan peristiwa-peristiwa penting dalam sejarah kita, khususnya dalam konteks pelanggaran hak asasi manusia. Buku ini juga mengakui pentingnya adaptasi dan evolusi dalam praktik museum, dengan menyoroti penggunaan media digital, pendidikan, dan konservasi. Ini merupakan pengakuan bahwa museum harus terus berinovasi agar tetap relevan dalam masyarakat yang terus berubah. Mungkin yang paling penting, buku ini menawarkan kritik yang konstruktif dan pandangan mendalam tentang bagaimana museum dapat dan harus berfungsi dalam konteks Indonesia yang unik. Dengan keragaman sejarah dan kompleksitas sosial yang kita miliki, tantangan untuk mempertahankan relevansi dan integritas museum adalah sangat nyata. Melalui pembacaan buku ini, saya berharap kita semua akan terinspirasi untuk melihat museum bukan hanya sebagai tempat penyimpanan memori, tapi sebagai institusi dinamis yang memainkan peran penting dalam pembentukan identitas nasional dan pemahaman kolektif kita. Mari kita akurasi masa lalu dengan hati yang bijak dan mengintip masa depan dengan mata yang terbuka.
Predicting Major Adverse Events in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion
Authors: Faridi Kamil F. , Ong Emily L. , Zimmerman Sarah , Varosy Paul D. , Friedman Daniel J. , Hsu Jonathan C. , Kusumoto Fred , Mortazavi Bobak J. , Minges Karl E. , Pereira Lucy , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Koutras Christina , Denton Beth , Mobayed Julie , Curtis Jeptha P. , Freeman James V.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

The National Cardiovascular Data Registry Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Registry (LAAO) includes the vast majority of transcatheter LAAO procedures performed in the United States. The objective of this study was to develop a model predicting adverse events among patients undergoing LAAO with Watchman FLX.

METHODS:

Data from 41 001 LAAO procedures with Watchman FLX from July 2020 to September 2021 were used to develop and validate a model predicting in-hospital major adverse events. Randomly selected development (70%, n=28 530) and validation (30%, n=12 471) cohorts were analyzed with 1000 bootstrapped samples, using forward stepwise logistic regression to create the final model. A simplified bedside risk score was also developed using this model.

RESULTS:

Increased age, female sex, low preprocedure hemoglobin, no prior attempt at atrial fibrillation termination, and increased fall risk most strongly predicted in-hospital major adverse events and were included in the final model along with other clinically relevant variables. The median in-hospital risk-standardized adverse event rate was 1.50% (range, 1.03%–2.84%; interquartile range, 1.42%–1.64%). The model demonstrated moderate discrimination (development C-index, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.65–0.70] and validation C-index, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.62–0.70]) with good calibration. The simplified risk score was well calibrated with risk of in-hospital major adverse events ranging from 0.26% to 3.90% for a score of 0 to 8, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

A transcatheter LAAO risk model using National Cardiovascular Data Registry and LAAO Registry data can predict in-hospital major adverse events, demonstrated consistency across hospitals and can be used for quality improvement efforts. A simple bedside risk score was similarly predictive and may inform shared decision-making.
Trends in All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Noncardiovascular Mortality Among US Adults With Hypertension
Authors: Choi Eunhee , Shimbo Daichi , Chen Ligong , Foti Kathryn , Ghazi Lama , Hardy Shakia T. , Muntner Paul
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Death certificate data indicate that hypertension may have increased as a contributing cause of death among US adults. Hypertension is not commonly recorded on death certificates although it contributes to a substantial proportion of cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths.

METHODS:

We estimated changes in all-cause, CVD, and non-CVD mortality over 5 years of follow-up among 4 cohorts of US adults with hypertension using mortality follow-up data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III in 1988 to 1994, and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles from 1999 to 2000 through 2015 to 2016 (n=20 927). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or antihypertensive medication use. Participants were grouped according to the date of their National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study visit (1988–1994, 1999–2004, 2005–2010, 2011–2016).

RESULTS:

There were 2646, 1048, and 1598 all-cause, CVD, and non-CVD deaths, respectively. After age, gender, and race/ethnicity adjustment and compared with the 1988 to 1994 cohort, the hazard ratio of all-cause mortality was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.76–1.01) for the 1999 to 2004 cohort, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.70–0.95) for the 2005 to 2010 cohort, and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.75–1.05) for the 2011 to 2016 cohort (
P
trend=0.123). The age, gender, and race/ethnicity-adjusted hazard ratios for CVD mortality compared with the 1988 to 1994 cohort were 0.74 (95% CI, 0.60–0.90) for the 1999 to 2004 cohort, 0.61 (95% CI, 0.50–0.74) for the 2005 to 2010 cohort, and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.44–0.74) for the 2011 to 2016 cohort (
P
trend <0.001). There was no evidence of a change in CVD mortality between the 2005 to 2010 and 2011 to 2016 cohorts (
P
=0.661). Noncardiovascular mortality did not decline over the study period (
P
trend=0.145).

CONCLUSIONS:

The decline in CVD mortality among US adults with hypertension stalled after 2005 to 2010.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Medical Management of Poststroke Complications Among Patients With Acute Stroke
Authors: Simmonds Kent P. , Atem Folefac D. , Welch Babu G. , Ifejika Nneka L.
Published: February 2024

Background

To inform clinical practice, we sought to identify racial and ethnic differences in the medical management of common poststroke complications.

Methods and Results

A cohort of acutely hospitalized, first‐time non‐Hispanic White (NHW), non‐Hispanic Black, and Hispanic patients with stroke was identified from electronic medical records of 51 large health care organizations (January 1, 2003 to December 5, 2022). Matched propensity scores were used to account for baseline differences. Primary outcomes included receipt of medication(s) associated with the management of the following poststroke complications: arousal/fatigue, spasticity, mood, sleep, neurogenic bladder, neurogenic bowel, and seizure. Differences were measured at 14, 90, and 365 days. Subgroup analyses included differences restricted to patients with ischemic stroke, younger age (<65 years), and stratified by decade (2003–2012 and 2013–2022). Before matching, the final cohort consisted of 348 286 patients with first‐time stroke. Matching resulted in 63 722 non‐Hispanic Black–NHW pairs and 24 009 Hispanic–NHW pairs. Non‐Hispanic Black (versus NHW) patients were significantly less likely to be treated for all poststroke complications, with differences largest for arousal/fatigue (relative risk (RR), 0.58 [95% CI, 0.54–0.62]), spasticity (RR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.0.62–0.67]), and mood disorders (RR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.70–0.74]) at 14 days. Hispanic–NHW differences were similar, albeit with smaller magnitudes, with the largest differences present for spasticity (RR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.63–0.72]), arousal/fatigue (RR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.70–0.85]), and mood disorders (RR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.77–0.82]). Subgroup analyses revealed similar patterns for ischemic stroke and patients aged <65 years. Disparities for the current decade remained significant but with smaller magnitudes compared with the prior decade.

Conclusions

There are significant racial and ethnic disparities in the treatment of poststroke complications. The differences were greatest at 14 days, outlining the importance of early identification and management.
Blood Pressure Partially Mediated the Association of Insulin Resistance and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Community‐Based Study
Authors: Zhou Mengyuan , Mei Lerong , Jing Jing , Yang Yingying , Cai Xueli , Meng Xia , Jin Aoming , Lin Jinxi , Li Shan , Li Hao , Wei Tiemin , Wang Yongjun , Wang Yilong , Pan Yuesong
Published: February 2024

Background

Insulin resistance as a significant vascular risk factor has been studied in relation to cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Evidence suggests that insulin resistance might trigger high blood pressure (BP). Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether insulin resistance impacts SVD with a mediating effect of BP in nondiabetic subjects.

Methods and Results

PRECISE (Polyvascular Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and Vascular Events) study participants underwent brain and vascular imaging techniques and metabolomic risk factors measurements. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the insulin sensitivity index and the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance based on the standard oral glucose tolerance test. On average, 2752 nondiabetic subjects (47.1% men) aged 60.9 years were included. The multivariable logistic regression model and linear regression model tested the association of insulin resistance with BP components (including systolic BP [SBP], diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse pressure [PP]) and SVD, and of BP components with SVD. In the mediation analysis, SBP, DBP, and PP were found to partially mediate the detrimental effect of insulin resistance (assessed by the insulin sensitivity index) on lacunes (mediation percentage: SBP, 31.15%; DBP, 34.21%; PP, 10.43%), white matter hyperintensity (mediation percentage: SBP, 37.34%; DBP, 44.15%; PP, 9.80%), and SVD total burden (mediation percentage: SBP, 42.07%; DBP, 49.29%; PP, 11.71%) (all
P
<0.05). The mediation analysis results were not significant when using the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance to assess insulin resistance.

Conclusions

Higher insulin resistance was associated with SVD in this community‐dwelling population. The association of insulin resistance with lacunes, white matter hyperintensity, and SVD total burden was explained in part by BP.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03178448.
Presence of Residual Cardiac Thrombus Predicts Poor Outcome in Cardioembolic Stroke After Reperfusion Therapy
Authors: Zhang Tingxia , Zhou Huan , Yang Jiansheng , Zhou Ying , Chen Yi , He Yaode , Xue Rui , Chen Zhicai , Lou Min , Yan Shenqiang
Published: February 2024

Background

In patients with acute cardiogenic cerebral embolism, a residual thrombus may still be present in the cardiac cavity even after reperfusion therapy. We aimed to investigate the occurrence of a residual cardiac thrombus in cardioembolic stroke after reperfusion therapy and analyze its impact on clinical outcome.

Methods and Results

We enrolled patients with cardioembolic stroke from our prospectively collected database who underwent 2‐phase cardiac computed tomography within 7 days after reperfusion therapy. Residual cardiac thrombus was defined as a filling defect on both early‐ and late‐phase images, whereas circulatory stasis was defined as a filling defect only on the early‐phase images in the left atrial appendage. The primary outcome was a poor clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 3–6) at 90 days. The secondary outcome was a composite end point event (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke) at 90 days. A total of 303 patients were included, of whom 94 (31.0%) had a residual cardiac thrombus. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of a residual cardiac thrombus was associated with a poor clinical outcome (odds ratio, 1.951 [95% CI, 1.027–3.707];
P
=0.041) but not circulatory stasis in the left atrial appendage (odds ratio, 1.096 [95% CI, 0.542–2.217];
P
=0.798). Furthermore, there was no correlation between a residual cardiac thrombus and the composite end point event (30.0% versus 31.1%;
P
=1.000).

Conclusions

Residual cardiac thrombus occurs in approximately one‐third of patients with cardioembolic stroke after reperfusion therapy and is often indicative of a poor clinical outcome.
A Survey of Recent Practice of Artificial Life in Visual Art
Authors: Wu Zi-Wei , Qu Huamin , Zhang Kang
Published: February 2024

Nowadays, interdisciplinary fields between Artificial Life, artificial intelligence, computational biology, and synthetic biology are increasingly emerging into public view. It is necessary to reconsider the relations between the material body, identity, the natural world, and the concept of life. Art is known to pave the way to exploring and conveying new possibilities. This survey provides a literature review on recent works of Artificial Life in visual art during the past 40 years, specifically in the computational and software domain. Having proposed a set of criteria and a taxonomy, we briefly analyze representative artworks of different categories. We aim to provide a systematic overview of how artists are understanding nature and creating new life with modern technology.
Visual migraine aura iconography: A multicentre, cross-sectional study of individuals with migraine with aura
Authors: Viana Michele , Hougaard Anders , Tronvik Erling , Winnberg Ingunn Grøntveit , Ambrosini Anna , Perrotta Armando , Do Thien Phu , Al-Karagholi Mohammad Al-Mahdi , Fominykh Mikhail , Sihabdeen Shairin , Gobbi Claudio , Zecca Chiara
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Visual disturbances are the most common symptoms of migraine aura. These symptoms can be described systematically by subdividing them into elementary visual symptoms. Since visual symptoms of migraine aura are not easy to describe verbally, we developed a collection of images illustrating previously reported elementary visual symptoms.

Objectives

To test a standardised visual migraine aura iconography in a large population of migraine with aura patients and to improve it based on the participants’ feedback.

Methods

We created a set of images representing 25 elementary visual symptoms and a web-based survey where participants could report whether they recognised these images as part of their visual aura. Elementary visual symptoms could also be recognised via a corresponding text description or described in a free text by participants. Individuals with migraine aura recruited from four tertiary headache centres (in Switzerland, Denmark, Norway and Italy) were invited to complete the survey.

Results

Two hundred and fifteen participants completed the study (78.9% women, median age 36). They recognised a total of 1645 elementary visual symptoms from our predefined list. Of those, 1291 (78.4%) where recognised via standardised iconography images. A new type of elementary visual symptom was reported by one participant.

Conclusion

Most elementary visual symptoms experienced by participants were recognised via the standardised iconography. This tool can be useful for clinical as well as research purposes.
Mini-review: Nanoparticles for enhanced biogas upgrading
Authors: Passalacqua Elena , Collina Elena , Fullana Andres , Mezzanotte Valeria
Published: February 2024

This mini-review is intended to explore the innovative applications of nanoparticles (NPs) in biogas upgrading, emphasizing their capacity to enhance biogas quality. Numerous studies underscore how NPs, when applied during anaerobic digestion, can boost not only the quantity but also the quality of the produced biogas, leading to reduce significantly the concentration of hydrogen sulphide or even to remove it completely. Moreover, NPs are proving to be excellent alternatives as adsorbent materials, achieving up to 400 mgH2S g−1 NPs. In addition, new studies are exploring the application of NPs to increase the efficiency of biological treatments thanks to their unique features. This review also emphasizes the potential benefits and addresses the challenges that need to be overcome for these technologies to reach their full potential, ultimately contributing to the development of a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy landscape.
Disenchanting Educational Policy and Leadership: An Introduction
Authors: Henry Kevin Lawrence
Published: February 2024

This introduction provides an overview of the articles in the special issue. Drawing on Sylvia Wynter’s notion of disenchantment, the articles in this special issue interrogate power and inequity in education. They question the given assumptions of education policy and aim to reorient us toward justice and educational transformation, pushing back against claims of “neutrality” or educational projects that reinscribe harm.
Dissemination of the Women-Centred HIV Care Model: A Multimodal Process and Evaluation
Authors: Koebel Jill , Kazemi Mina , Kennedy V Logan , Medeiros Priscilla , Bertozzi Breklyn , Bevan Lindsay , Tharao Wangari , Logie Carmen H , Underhill Angela , Pick Neora , King Elizabeth , Kestler Mary , Yudin Mark H , Rana Jesleen , Carvalhal Adriana , Webster Kath , Lee Melanie , Islam Shaz , Nicholson Valerie , Ndung’u Mary , Narasimhan Manjulaa , Gagnier Brenda , Habanyama Muluba , de Pokomandy Alexandra , Kaida Angela , Loutfy Mona ,   on behalf of the CHIWOS Research Team
Published: February 2024

Background

Using data from a national cohort study and focus groups, the Women-Centred HIV Care (WCHC) Model was developed to inform care delivery for women living with HIV.

Methods

Through an evidence-based, integrated knowledge translation approach, we developed 2 toolkits based on the WCHC Model for service providers and women living with HIV in English and French (Canada's national languages). To disseminate, we distributed printed advertising materials, hosted 3 national webinars and conducted 2 virtual capacity-building training series.

Results

A total of 315 individuals attended the webinars, and the average WCHC knowledge increased by 29% (SD 4.3%). In total, 131 service providers engaged in 22 virtual capacity-building training sessions with 21 clinical cases discussed. Learners self-reported increased confidence in 15/15 abilities, including the ability to provide WCHC. As of December 2023, the toolkits were downloaded 7766 times.

Conclusions

We successfully developed WCHC toolkits and shared them with diverse clinical and community audiences through various dissemination methods.
Role of ATF3 triggering M2 macrophage polarization to protect against the inflammatory injury of sepsis through ILF3/NEAT1 axis
Authors: Wang Wei , Xu Rongli , He Ping , Xiong Yuqing , Zhao Haomiao , Fu Xuewei , Lin Jie , Ye Lijiao
Published: February 2024

Background

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response which is frequently associated with acute lung injury (ALI). Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) promotes M2 polarization, however, the biological effects of ATF3 on macrophage polarization in sepsis remain undefined.

Methods

LPS-stimulated macrophages and a mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis were generated as in vitro and in vivo models, respectively. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of ATF3, ILF3, NEAT1 and other markers. The phenotypes of macrophages were monitored by flow cytometry, and cytokine secretion was measured by ELISA assay. The association between ILF3 and NEAT1 was validated by RIP and RNA pull-down assays. RNA stability assay was employed to assess NEAT1 stability. Bioinformatic analysis, luciferase reporter and ChIP assays were used to study the interaction between ATF3 and ILF3 promoter. Histological changes of lung tissues were assessed by H&E and IHC analysis. Apoptosis in lungs was monitored by TUNEL assay.

Results

ATF3 was downregulated, but ILF3 and NEAT1 were upregulated in PBMCs of septic patients, as well as in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Overexpression of ATF3 or silencing of ILF3 promoted M2 polarization of RAW264.7 cells via regulating NEAT1. Mechanistically, ILF3 was required for the stabilization of NEAT1 through direct interaction, and ATF3 was a transcriptional repressor of ILF3. ATF3 facilitated M2 polarization in LPS-stimulated macrophages and CLP-induced septic lung injury via ILF3/NEAT1 axis.

Conclusion

ATF3 triggers M2 macrophage polarization to protect against the inflammatory injury of sepsis through ILF3/NEAT1 axis.
Understanding blaNDM-1 gene regulation in CRKP infections: toward novel antimicrobial strategies for hospital-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Ding Liang , Yang Zheng , Sun Baier
Published: February 2024

Background

The escalating challenge of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is closely linked to the blaNDM-1 gene. This study explores the regulatory mechanisms of blaNDM-1 expression and aims to enhance antibacterial tactics to counteract the spread and infection of resistant bacteria.

Methods

KP and CRKP strains were isolated from HAP patients' blood samples. Transcriptomic sequencing (RNA-seq) identified significant upregulation of blaNDM-1 gene expression in CRKP strains. Bioinformatics analysis revealed blaNDM-1 gene involvement in beta-lactam resistance pathways. CRISPR-Cas9 was used to delete the blaNDM-1 gene, restoring sensitivity. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated enhanced efficacy with Imipenem and Thanatin or Subatan combination therapy.

Results

KP and CRKP strains were isolated with significant upregulation of blaNDM-1 in CRKP strains identified by RNA-seq. The Beta-lactam resistance pathway was implicated in bioinformatics analysis. Knockout of blaNDM-1 reinstated sensitivity in CRKP strains. Further, co-treatment with Imipenem, Thanatin, or Subactam markedly improved antimicrobial effectiveness.

Conclusion

Silencing blaNDM-1 in CRKP strains from HAP patients weakens their Carbapenem resistance and optimizes antibacterial strategies. These results provide new theoretical insights and practical methods for treating resistant bacterial infections.