bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A profissionalização do professor: condição necessária para uma prática respeitável
Authors: Richter Marcos Gustavo , Garcia Jaci Rene Costa
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo debater o problema da profissionalização do professor, examinando alguns aspectos teóricos e empíricos e traçando um comparativo com profissões afins já emancipadas. Partimos de uma pesquisa de textos que demonstram a importância da construção identitária para justificar teoricamente a tese da profissionalização do professor para, num segundo momento, refletirmos sobre as possibilidades e o grau de necessidade da construção de uma identidade profissional e da regulamentação de um território que delimite o universo de atua- ção desse profissional.
A teoria de Gough e o modelo ascendente de leitura
Authors: Paz Dioni Maria dos Santos
Published: October 2019

Este texto objetiva mostrar um modelo de leitura em nível de cognição: o modelo bottom-up de Gough (1972,1985). Em linhas gerais, essa teoria defende a idéia de que o estudo do vocabulário é um importante propósito durante o processo da leitura tanto em primeira língua quanto em segunda língua, porém defendemos a tese de que o desenvolvimento do vocabulário e as habilidades gramaticais só surtirão efeitos positivos quando estudados em redes semânticas e conceituais.
Língua culta padrão: um intertexto entre poder e lugar social
Authors: Motta Vaima Regina Alves
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo pretende apresentar reflexões sobre como o sistema escolar, através de uma das suas engrenagens, a Língua Culta Padrão, torna-se uma instituição que acaba fortalecendo a manutenção de certos lugares sociais. Sustenta-se em autores como Veblen, Pross, Berger & Luckmann para pensar o homem como um ser constituído a partir de sua localização social e como a imagem que tem de si é capaz de lhe impor limites ou rótulos. Em Homi Bhabha e Gregory Bateson encontram-se subsídios para refletir sobre relações sociais desiguais. Na produção de Bourdieu, buscam-se elementos que retratam a língua-padrão como instrumento de manutenção do poder, e a partir do cruzamento das teorias pesquisadas pretende-se enfatizar que um trabalho escolar com linguagem pode ter conseqüências sérias se for centrado na Língua Culta Padrão.
O papel da escola no conflito linguagem e estruturas sociais
Authors: Tagliani Dulce Cassol
Published: October 2019

Neste artigo, pretendemos estabelecer uma relação entre problemas que envolvemo ensino de língua materna no Brasil e aspectos discriminatórios relacionadosàs diferentes variedades lingüísticas que coabitam na sociedade. Discutimos,então, que a escola parece não considerar os diferentes usos da linguagemem diferentes contextos de interação e continua voltada para a fragmentação,compartimentação e descontextualização da linguagem e do conhecimento.Nesse sentido, numa sociedade onde as relações são bastante assimétricas,a escola se apresenta como uma instituição que mantém a distânciaentre dominados e dominadores, ocasionando o fracasso escolar de alunos cujaprodução lingüística não é legitimada pela escola, em função da posição queocupam na estrutura das relações de força simbólica que refletem as relaçõesde forças materiais que estruturam a sociedade.
“O que é escrita? Nunca tinha pensado sobre isso”
Authors: Corrêa Marcia Cristina
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho teve por objeto de análise a escrita/escrever entendida como um processo interativo, social, histórico, dialógico, baseado na produção de sentido. Nessa perspectiva, estudar o processo da escrita/escrever pressupõe a análise da relação estabelecida, social e ideologicamente, do sujeito/aluno com o objeto escrita. A partir disso, o objetivo traçado diz respeito à análise das representações de escrita/escrever de um grupo de alunos do Curso de Letras-UFSM, futuros professores de língua.
Discurso e atuação profissional: uma análise crítica
Authors: Cabral Sara Regina Scotta
Published: October 2019

O discurso pode ser analisado, em uma das suas três dimensões (Fairclough, 2001), com as ferramentas da gramática sistêmico-funcional (GSF). Este artigo tem por objetivo examinar depoimentos de alunas do curso de Pedagogia, habilitação em Supervisão Escolar, quando questionadas sobre os modos de atuação, como profissionais, fora da escola, para a melhoria das relações interpessoais. Foram coletadas dez respostas e nelas foi examinada a transitividade, em termos de processos, participantes e circunstâncias. Os dados obtidos foram posteriormente confrontados e, finalmente, fizeram-se inferências acerca dos resultados, os quais apontam para a prevalência de processos materiais e relacionais, e para a presença de Atores animados como agentes e como principal Portador o supervisor escolar. Pelos depoimentos, percebe-se que os sujeitos pesquisados vêem-se como responsáveis pelas ações supervisoras nas suas escolas e comunidades, para as quais buscam realizar ações do mundo concreto. Ao mesmo tempo, revelam a necessidade de aperfeiçoar-se pessoal e profissionalmente para o exercício do cargo que, em um futuro próximo, irão exercer.
O design de uma unidade de curso para o ensino de Português como segunda língua
Authors: Pinto Cândida Martins , Cavichioli Fabrícia
Published: October 2019

O cenário atual mostra que vários estudos vêm sendo realizados para o ensino de línguas, principalmente para o ensino de português como segunda língua (PLE). Para tanto, o propósito deste artigo é relatar alguns pontos importantes para a elaboração de material didático assim como apresentar alguns preceitos teóricos sobre ensino de línguas, ensino comunicativo e aquisição da linguagem. A teoria será exemplificada com uma aula de PLE, a fim de mostrar como pode ser o trabalho de um designer de curso.
Desenvolvimento continuado de professores de línguas no ciberespaço
Authors: Moreira Tânia Maria , Souza Rosangela Segala de
Published: October 2019

Neste artigo pretendemos apresentar as tendências em termos de modelos de formação de professores a distância, identificar como têm sido utilizadas as ferramentas tecnológicas em tal modalidade e explicitar algumas reflexões teóricas sobre um modelo holístico de formação continuada de professores de línguas on-line.
Interculturalismo e competência comunicativa no ensino de LE
Authors: Ferreira Ângela L. F. , Aguiar Márcia Juliana Dias de
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar alguns aspectos referentes à teoria intercultural no que se refere ao desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa dos alunos no contexto de ensino de Língua Estrangeira. Na verdade, busca-se aprimorar o ensino da língua-alvo no sentido de evidenciar os aspectos implícitos de cada cultura através de discussões culturais que possam realçar os contrastes, buscando a superação de mal entendidos e estereótipos negativos. Para isso, utilizamos a teoria de Ratner (1995), Celentin & Serragioto, Zorzi (1996) como suporte principal para o trabalho.
O sistema de quotas e os recursos argumentativos manisfestos: um estudo de caso
Authors: Kader Carla Callegaro Corrêa , Marshall Débora , Marzari Gabriela Quatrin , Wissmann Liane Dal Molin
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho retoma questões relativas ao Tratado da Argumentação, de PerelmanTyteca (1996), visto que se concentra na identificação de argumentos contrários e favoráveis ao sistema de quotas para afro-brasileiros, nas universidades brasileiras. Embora tenha como foco de análise os recursos argumentativos utilizados nos (três) textos selecionados, este estudo, a nosso ver, não tem a pretensão de examinar exaustivamente questões relativas à argumentatividade. Antes, visa à compreensão e decodificação das estratégias argumentativas — favoráveis ou contrárias — às quotas para negros nas universidades brasileiras.
A profissionalização do professor no cenário legislativo existente
Authors: Richter Marcos Gustavo , Garcia Jaci Rene Costa
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo debater o problema da profissionalização do professor, examinando alguns aspectos do fundo jurídico do exercício da docência em comparação com o de profissões afins já emancipadas. Partimos de uma pesquisa da legislação existente acerca da educação no Brasil, especificamente no que se refere ao professor enquanto profissão para, num segundo momento, refletirmos sobre as possibilidades e o grau de necessidade da construção de uma regulamentação específica que delimite o universo de atuação desse profissional.
Equitexto como gênero emergente na formação de professores de línguas
Authors: Souza Rosangela Segala de , Moreira Tânia Maria
Published: October 2019

Neste artigo, pretendemos apresentar não só algumas reflexões teóricas sobre formação de professores de línguas, bem como algumas referências relacionadas aos gêneros emergentes, blog e equitexto, que se apresentam como uma contribuição para promover (re)significação de crenças, valores e condutas de professores, em processo de formação continuada.
Os estudos da enunciação e a formação do professor de línguas
Authors: Werner Kelly Cristini Granzotto
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho apresenta algumas reflexões a respeito de como os estudos da enunciação, principalmente da teoria da subjetividade de Émile Benveniste, podem contribuir para a formação de professores de línguas (estrangeiras). Acreditamos que noções de língua/linguagem, subjetividade e sentido podem ajudar a esses profissionais na sua prática pedagógica. O presente estudo justifica-se principalmente pela busca constante de leituras e atitudes que venham a continuar a formação profissional, reforçando a formação reflexiva de professores de línguas. “A primeira condição para que um ser possa assumir um ato comprometido está em ser capaz de agir e refletir.” (Freire, 1983:16).
Investigação-ação educacional e currículo
Authors: Grabauska Claiton José , Wendling Cléria Maria
Published: October 2019

Investigação-ação educacional e currículo
O texto publicitário na sala de aula: mais uma opção de leitura
Authors: Paz Dioni Maria dos Santos
Published: October 2019

O texto publicitário na sala de aula: mais uma opção de leitura
A redação de vestibular: como alunos vestibulandos podem marcar sua “presença” nos textos
Authors: Pilar Jandira
Published: October 2019

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Pesquisa-ação e paradigma indiciário: construindo aproximações
Authors: Richter Marcos Gustavo , Pessolano Juliana , Reis Ayrton Rodrigues
Published: October 2019

Pesquisa-ação e paradigma indiciário: construindo aproximações
POR UMA TERRA SEM MALES: UM OUTRO MUNDO É POSSÍVEL
Authors: Barbosa Willer Araujo
Published: October 2019

POR UMA TERRA SEM MALES: UM OUTRO MUNDO É POSSÍVEL
A INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE AO ALCANCE DA ESCOLA
Authors: Silva Delcio Barros da
Published: October 2019

A INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE AO ALCANCE DA ESCOLA
A ABORDAGEM COMUNICATIVA NA AQUISIÇÃO DE LÍNGUA ESCRITA
Authors: Richter Marcos Gustavo , Balbinot Márcio
Published: October 2019

A ABORDAGEM COMUNICATIVA NA AQUISIÇÃO DE LÍNGUA ESCRITA
MOTIVAÇÃO NA PRODUÇÃO ESCRITA NA PERSPECTIVA DOS QUATRO DISCURSOS DE LACAN
Authors: Reis Ayrton Rodrigues , Souza Orion Penna e'
Published: October 2019

MOTIVAÇÃO NA PRODUÇÃO ESCRITA NA PERSPECTIVA DOS QUATRO DISCURSOS DE LACAN
COMO SE FAZ PESQUISA-AÇÃO NO ENSINO DE LÍNGUAS
Authors: Richter Marcos Gustavo
Published: October 2019

COMO SE FAZ PESQUISA-AÇÃO NO ENSINO DE LÍNGUAS
CULTURA: IMPLICAÇÕES POLÍTICO-PEDAGÓGICAS NAS PRÁTICAS EDUCATIVAS (?)
Authors: Real Márcio Penna Corte
Published: October 2019

CULTURA: IMPLICAÇÕES POLÍTICO-PEDAGÓGICAS NAS PRÁTICAS EDUCATIVAS (?)
CRIATIVIDADE E EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Corrêa Ayrton Dutra
Published: October 2019

CRIATIVIDADE E EDUCAÇÃO
Formações nominais designativas da língua do Brasil: uma abordagem enunciativa
Authors: Dias Luiz Francisco
Published: October 2019

Neste estudo, analisamos as construções nominais “língua nacional”, “línguapátria”, “língua do Brasil” e “língua brasileira”. Especificamente, abordamos essasconstruções como formações nominais, observando o papel do determinante adjetivo naconstituição do domínio referencial, responsável pela distinção de sentido. A abordagemapresenta como fundamento a semântica da enunciação, desenvolvida por Guimarães(1995, 2002), a partir das teses de Benveniste e Ducrot sobre a significação
Produção Editorial e a exposição “Comunicação em História”
Authors: Barcellos Marília De Araujo
Published: October 2019

Este artigo aborda as ações realizadas para a exposição “Comunicação emHistória”, caracterizada por desenvolver conceitos ligados à evolução dos meiosde comunicação e a formas de edição. Realizada pelo Departamento de Ciências daComunicação da UFSM, foi coordenada pelo curso de Comunicação Social – ProduçãoEditorial e situada na Casa da Cultura do Município de Santa Maria durante a Feira doLivro, de 28/04 a 13/05/2012. A proposta surgiu no âmbito da disciplina de História daComunicação, em decorrência de pesquisa histórica, de consulta a acervos e de parcerias.Desenvolveu-se como projeto de extensão, contabilizando, no processo de produção, 67alunos, que atuaram nos três ambientes de exposição. O referencial teórico para a reflexãocontou com abordagem interdisciplinar proveniente de Letras, História e Comunicação.
O Museu da Língua Portuguesa e o discurso da norma
Authors: Mendes Heloisa Mara , Rocha Maura De Freitas
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho filia-se à perspectiva teórica da Sociolinguística Variacionista etem o objetivo de problematizar as noções de “erro” e norma mobilizadas em Erros nossosde cada dia, uma das instalações de Menas o certo do errado, o errado do certo, sexta exposiçãotemporária do Museu da Língua Portuguesa. Do ponto de vista que adotamos para análise,a representação que o museu faz do que seja variação linguística é equivocada e pareceassentar-se em uma perspectiva que julga os fatos linguísticos como corretos e incorretosa partir do que se diz sobre a língua nos manuais de gramática normativa.
Adequação lexical como demonstrativo de competência comunicativa escrita no gênero redação
Authors: Souza Karen Pereira Fernandes de , Silva Welton Pereira e
Published: October 2019

Partindo da Linguística de Texto, da Análise do Discurso e de estudos sobre Normas linguísticas, analisam-se quatro redações de vestibular visando a mostrar os problemas característicos dos candidatos com notas baixas e os bons resultados daqueles que adequaram seu léxico para mais bem expressarem suas opiniões. Faz-se uma reflexão sobre como os professores poderiam atuar em sala de aula, objetivando a melhoria da escrita. Notou-se que as escolhas lexicais relativas a referentes vagos ou ambíguos, bem como a utilização de construções semânticas cristalizadas, prejudicam a compreensão textual, o que culmina na baixa pontuação. Ao final das análises, propõe-se alguns exercícios.
Quem conta um conto aumenta um ponto: práticas de retextualização como incentivo à produção de textos multissemióticos
Authors: Ferreira Helena Maria , Villarta-Neder Marco Antonio , Coe Geanne Dos Santos Cabral
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho discute possibilidades teórico-metodológicas trazidas pelos recursos tecnológicos para o trabalho com a produção de textos multissemióticos em sala de aula, a partir de uma pesquisa teórica que evidencia a questão dos multiletramentos e a constituição dos sujeitos. Para ilustrar a discussão, o trabalho apresenta um relato de pesquisa sobre uma experiência de retextualização de um conto com uso de gifs. Os resultados evidenciam que as dimensões epistemológicas e axiológicas apresentadas pelos autores estudados, se assumidas pelos professores, podem trazer avanços substanciais para a ressignificação de metodologias voltadas para a produção de textos em múltiplos contextos.
Comment on 'Single nucleus sequencing reveals evidence of inter-nucleus recombination in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi'
Authors: Auxier Benjamin , Bazzicalupo Anna
Published: October 2019

Chen et al. recently reported evidence for inter-nucleus recombination in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Chen et al., 2018a). Here, we report a reanalysis of their data. After filtering the data by excluding heterozygous sites in haploid nuclei, duplicated regions of the genome, and low-coverage depths base calls, we find the evidence for recombination to be very sparse.
Robust olfactory responses in the absence of odorant binding proteins
Authors: Xiao Shuke , Sun Jennifer S , Carlson John R
Published: October 2019

Odorant binding proteins (Obps) are expressed at extremely high levels in the antennae of insects, and have long been believed essential for carrying hydrophobic odorants to odor receptors. Previously we found that when one functional type of olfactory sensillum in Drosophila was depleted of its sole abundant Obp, it retained a robust olfactory response (Larter et al., 2016). Here we have deleted all the Obp genes that are abundantly expressed in the antennal basiconic sensilla. All of six tested sensillum types responded robustly to odors of widely diverse chemical or temporal structure. One mutant gave a greater physiological and behavioral response to an odorant that affects oviposition. Our results support a model in which many sensilla can respond to odorants in the absence of Obps, and many Obps are not essential for olfactory response, but that some Obps can modulate olfactory physiology and the behavior that it drives.
The human coronavirus HCoV-229E S-protein structure and receptor binding
Authors: Li Zhijie , Tomlinson Aidan CA , Wong Alan HM , Zhou Dongxia , Desforges Marc , Talbot Pierre J , Benlekbir Samir , Rubinstein John L , Rini James M
Published: October 2019

The coronavirus S-protein mediates receptor binding and fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. In HCoV-229E, its receptor binding domain (RBD) shows extensive sequence variation but how S-protein function is maintained is not understood. Reported are the X-ray crystal structures of Class III-V RBDs in complex with human aminopeptidase N (hAPN), as well as the electron cryomicroscopy structure of the 229E S-protein. The structures show that common core interactions define the specificity for hAPN and that the peripheral RBD sequence variation is accommodated by loop plasticity. The results provide insight into immune evasion and the cross-species transmission of 229E and related coronaviruses. We also find that the 229E S-protein can expose a portion of its helical core to solvent. This is undoubtedly facilitated by hydrophilic subunit interfaces that we show are conserved among coronaviruses. These interfaces likely play a role in the S-protein conformational changes associated with membrane fusion.
The effect of reverse transcription enzymes and conditions on high throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA
Authors: Šťovíček Adam , Cohen-Chalamish Smadar , Gillor Osnat
Published: October 2019

It is assumed that the sequencing of ribosomes better reflects the active microbial community than the sequencing of the ribosomal RNA encoding genes. Yet, many studies exploring microbial communities in various environments, ranging from the human gut to deep oceans, questioned the validity of this paradigm due to the discrepancies between the DNA and RNA based communities. Here, we focus on an often neglected key step in the analysis, the reverse transcription (RT) reaction. Previous studies showed that RT may introduce biases when expressed genes and ribosmal rRNA are quantified, yet its effect on microbial diversity and community composition was never tested. High throughput sequencing of ribosomal RNA is a valuable tool to understand microbial communities as it better describes the active population than DNA analysis. However, the necessary step of RT may introduce biases that have so far been poorly described. In this manuscript, we compare three RT enzymes, commonly used in soil microbiology, in two temperature modes to determine a potential source of bias due to non-standardized RT conditions. In our comparisons, we have observed up to six fold differences in bacterial class abundance. A temperature induced bias can be partially explained by G-C content of the affected bacterial groups, thus pointing toward a need for higher reaction temperatures. However, another source of bias was due to enzyme processivity differences. This bias is potentially hard to overcome and thus mitigating it might require the use of one enzyme for the sake of cross-study comparison.
Improvement of growth and bacoside production in Bacopa monnieri through induced autotetraploidy with colchicine
Authors: Inthima Phithak , Sujipuli Kawee
Published: October 2019

Bacopa monnieri is a medicinal herb that is increasing in demand in Thailand. However, the lack of high-bacoside cultivars has limited pharmaceutical utilization and production. Here, chromosome doubling in B. monnieri was attempt to improve biomass and bacoside content in its seedling. Nodal segments were treated with colchicine (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, and 0.5% w/v) for 24 or 48 h before transferring to multiple shoot induction medium (1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg L−1 BAP). Of 326 tested clones, 18 and 84 were mixoploids and autotetraploids, respectively. The highest autotetraploid-induction percentage (14.6%) was found after treated with 0.5% (w/v) colchicine, and 48 hours exposure. From 28 selected autotetraploid clones, 21 and 13 have significantly higher fresh and dry weight compared to the diploid clone, respectively. The maximum fresh and dry weight of autotetraploid plants was 2.8 and 2.0-time higher than diploid plants, respectively. Moreover, the maximum total bacoside content (1.55 mg plant−1) was obtained from an autotetraploid plant, which was 2.3-fold higher than the level in diploid plants. These novel autotetraploids have the potential to be developed as resources for value-added improvements in the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries.
A Roof for Recovery: Combining the Principles of Housing First and Early Intervention in Services for People with Psychosis
Authors: Guevara Elizabeth , Valois Mireille , Winkelmann Ina , Joober Ridha , Goldberg Karen , Iyer Srividya N.
Published: October 2019

The availability of affordable, youth-friendly, recovery-oriented housing for persons with first-episode psychosis is limited. We report on the conceptualization, implementation and implications of a pilot housing project combining the principles of specialized early intervention for psychosis and those of “Housing First,” which holds much promise to address this service gap.
ZoaTrack - an online tool to analyse and share animal location data: User engagement and future perspectives
Authors: Newman Peggy , Dwyer Ross G. , Belbin Lee , Campbell Hamish A.
Published: October 2019

ZoaTrack.org is a web application for visualising and analysing animal biotelemetry data. This online facility offers a robust set of free and highly accessible tools, which enables the non-specialist and specialist to better manage, store, visualise and analyse animal location data. The majority of the data stored in the facility has been collected by animal-borne satellite biotelemetry devices (i.e. GPS and ARGOS), but other types of individual-based location data (mark-recapture, VHF, Acoustic) have also been uploaded to Zoatrack.org. The platform is in its 8th year and this paper presents a review of the platform’s user metrics and uptake by the research community. We also discuss the challenges in trying to sustain this type of research support facility and opportunities for the future.
FACTORS AFFECTING RETURN ON ASSETS OF US TECHNOLOGY AND FINANCIAL CORPORATIONS
Authors: Diaz John Francis , Pandey Rudresh
Published: October 2019

The research studies the relationship between eight firm-specific factors on the profitability of U.S. technology and financial firms. The study used multiple linear panel regression models, namely, ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effects (FE) and random effects (RE) models. Empirical findings show that return on equity ratio is negatively related with return on assets (ROA), while return on sales ratio has positive relationship with profitability for both technology and financial firms. On one hand, current ratio has a positive relationship with the profitability of the financial firms, while there is negative relationship for technology firms. Lastly, size has positive relationship with the profitability for technology firms. This study provides renewed perspectives in creating suitable strategies to controlling factors that maximizes profitability for both US publicly-listed technology and financial companies.
Catalytic, Enantioselective,
CH
Functionalization to Form Carbon–Carbon Bonds
Authors: Wu Qing‐Feng , Chen Gang , He Jian , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: October 2019

This chapter reviews asymmetric CH functionalization reactions in which the newly defined stereochemistry is controlled by the carbon–hydrogen bond cleavage step. Various carbon–carbon bonds are constructed by enantioselective, transition‐metal‐catalyzed, C(sp2)–H and C(sp3)–H activation reactions. The utility of this transformation is demonstrated by its use in the synthesis of biologically active compounds, natural products, and chiral ligand scaffolds for asymmetric catalysis.
The molecular function of kallikrein‐related peptidase 14 demonstrates a key modulatory role in advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Kryza Thomas , Bock Nathalie , Lovell Scott , Rockstroh Anja , Lehman Melanie L. , Lesner Adam , Panchadsaram Janaththani , Silva Lakmali Munasinghage , Srinivasan Srilakshmi , Snell Cameron E. , Williams Elizabeth D. , Fazli Ladan , Gleave Martin , Batra Jyotsna , Nelson Colleen , Tate Edward W. , Harris Jonathan , Hooper John D. , Clements Judith A.
Published: October 2019

Kallikrein‐related peptidase 14 (KLK14) is one of the several secreted KLK serine proteases involved in prostate cancer (PCa) pathogenesis. While relatively understudied, recent reports have identified KLK14 as overexpressed during PCa development. However, the modulation of KLK14 expression during PCa progression and the molecular and biological functions of this protease in the prostate tumor microenvironment remain unknown. To determine the modulation of KLK14 expression during PCa progression, we analyzed the expression levels of KLK14 in patient samples using publicly available databases and immunohistochemistry. In order to delineate the molecular mechanisms involving KLK14 in PCa progression, we integrated proteomic, transcriptomic, and in vitro assays with the goal to identify substrates, related‐signaling pathways, and functional roles of this protease. We showed that KLK14 expression is elevated in advanced PCa, and particularly in metastasis. Additionally, KLK14 levels were found to be decreased in PCa tissues from patients responsive to neoadjuvant therapy compared to untreated patients. Furthermore, we also identified that KLK14 expression reoccurred in patients who developed castrate‐resistant PCa. The combination of proteomic and transcriptomic analysis as well as functional assays revealed several new KLK14 substrates (agrin, desmoglein 2, vitronectin, laminins) and KLK14‐regulated genes (Interleukin 32, midkine, SRY‐Box 9), particularly an involvement of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1 and interleukin 1 receptor pathways, and an involvement of KLK14 in the regulation of cellular migration, supporting its involvement in aggressive features of PCa progression. In conclusion, our work showed that KLK14 expression is associated with the development of aggressive PCa suggesting that targeting this protease could offer a novel route to limit the progression of prostate tumors. Additional work is necessary to determine the benefits and implications of targeting/cotargeting KLK14 in PCa as well as to determine the potential use of KLK14 expression as a predictor of PCa aggressiveness or response to treatment.
Finger Joint Cartilage Evaluated by Semiquantitative Ultrasound Score in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ogura Takehisa , Hirata Ayako , Hayashi Norihide , Imaizumi Chihiro , Ito Hideki , Takenaka Sayaka , Inoue Yuki , Takakura Yuto , Mizushina Kennosuke , Katagiri Takaharu , Kameda Hideto
Published: October 2019

Objective

Joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) includes both bone and cartilage lesions. Since joint space narrowing (JSN) is not a direct evaluation of cartilage using radiography, we aimed to examine the validity of ultrasound (US) cartilage evaluation using a semiquantitative method in patients with RA.

Methods

We enrolled 103 patients with RA who were in remission or showing low disease activity and 42 healthy subjects. The cartilage thickness of the bilateral metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the second to fifth fingers was measured by US, and the recorded images were scored semiquantitatively using a scale of 0–2. In addition, the JSN of the corresponding joints was scored using a hand radiograph. The relationships between total cartilage thickness, its semiquantitative score, and JSN score were assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients.

Results

Total cartilage thickness was significantly thinner in patients with RA compared to healthy subjects for both the MCP and PIP joints (both P < 0.001). The semiquantitative sum of 16 joints ranged from 2 to 26 (median 8) in patients with RA, which was significantly greater than the 0–11 (median 4) in healthy subjects (P < 0.001). In patients with RA, the semiquantitative score showed a significant negative correlation with cartilage thickness (ρ = −0.64, P < 0.001) and a significant positive correlation with JSN score (ρ = 0.66, P < 0.001). Furthermore, these scores showed a significant correlation with RA disease duration.

Conclusion

A simplified and direct evaluation of finger joint cartilage damage by semiquantitative US score is valid and useful for patients with RA.
High‐Energy Efficiency Membraneless Flowless Zn–Br Battery: Utilizing the Electrochemical–Chemical Growth of Polybromides
Authors: Lee Ju‐Hyuk , Byun Yearin , Jeong Gyoung Hwa , Choi Chanyong , Kwen Jiyun , Kim Riyul , Kim In Ho , Kim Sang Ouk , Kim Hee‐Tak
Published: October 2019

Aqueous Zn–Br batteries (ZBBs) offer promising next‐generation high‐density energy storage for energy storage systems, along with distinctive cost effectiveness particularly in membraneless and flowless (MLFL) form. Unfortunately, they generally suffer from uncontrolled diffusion of corrosive bromine components, which cause serious self‐discharge and capacity fade. An MLFL‐ZBB is presented that fundamentally tackles the problem of bromine crossover by converting bromine to the polybromide anion using protonated pyridinic nitrogen doped microporous carbon decorated on graphite felt (NGF). The NGF electrodes efficiently capture bromine and polybromide anions at the abundant protonated nitrogen dopant sites within micropores and facilitate effective conversion of bromine into polybromides through electrochemical–chemical growth mechanism. The MLFL‐ZBBs with NGF exhibit an extraordinary stability over 1000 charge/discharge cycles, with an energy efficiency over 80%, the highest value ever reported among membraneless Zn–Br batteries. Judicious engineering of an atomistically designed nanostructured electrode offers a novel design platform for low cost, high voltage, long‐life cycle aqueous hybrid Zn–Br batteries.
Enantioselective Synthesis of γ‐Functionalized Cyclopentenones and δ‐Functionalized Cycloheptenones Utilizing a Redox‐Relay Heck Strategy
Authors: Yuan Qianjia , Prater Matthew B. , Sigman Matthew S.
Published: October 2019

In this report, the desymmetrization of cyclic enones under relay Heck conditions with an array of aryl boronic acids, alkenyl triflates and indole derivatives is described. This method grants facile access to diverse γ‐functionalized cyclopentenones and δ‐functionalized cycloheptenones. Using this approach, a formal synthesis of (S)‐baclofen was completed in high yield and excellent enantioselectivity.

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Focused Research Infrastructure for Postgraduate Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellows Increases Dissemination of Scholarly Work
Authors: Cruz Andrea T. , Doughty Cara B. , Hsu Deborah C. , Chumpitazi Corrie E. , Sampayo Esther M. , Meskill Sarah D. , Shah Manish I.
Published: October 2019

Background

Many fellows in clinically driven subspecialties may have difficulty completing and publishing their scholarly projects due to lack of prior experience in research, selection of projects that are difficult to complete during fellowship, or mentorship challenges. This may be particularly true in pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) because research time may be longitudinally integrated with clinical rotations, rather than blocked as is common in other subspecialties. We describe the creation and outcomes of a structured program to increase academic productivity of PEM fellows.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of scholarly productivity (publications in peer‐reviewed journals, presentation at national meetings) for PEM fellows over 17 years in one fellowship program, before and after the implementation of a structured program. We reviewed obstacles to publication for prior fellow projects when developing the curriculum. Our multifaceted program consisted of milestone development, four in‐person committee meetings, and abstract and manuscript development workshops. We utilized existing faculty members, most of whom were junior faculty, as committee members. Our primary outcome was the percentage of fellows who were first authors for peer‐reviewed publications for their fellowship projects. National conference presentations were the secondary outcome.

Results

Data for 76 PEM fellows were eligible for analysis: 44 (58%) before and 32 after programmatic implementation. There was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of fellows who published their studies (32% vs. 63%; odds ratio [OR] = 3.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4 to 9.3) after programmatic implementation. There were no differences in conference presentations (45% vs. 63%; OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 0.8‐5.1) after implementation.

Conclusions

Utilizing a small group of existing, predominantly junior faculty members, we created a structured program that enhanced PEM fellows’ scholarly productivity and increased publications. We believe that this model is sustainable for and generalizable to other PEM fellowship programs.
Purification of hyaluronidase as an anticancer agent inhibiting CD44
Authors: Shakouri Amir , Parvan Reza , Adljouy Nasim , Abdolalizadeh Jalal
Published: October 2019

Hyaluronidase (Hyal) can be employed to accomplish a diversity of complications related to hyaluronic acid (HA). Hyal contains some classes of catalysts that cleave HA. This enzyme is detected in several human tissues as well as in animal venoms, pathogenic organisms and cancers. Destructive cancer cells regularly increase the CD44 receptor existing in a cell membrane. This receptor acts as an exact receptor for HA, and HA is recognized to motivate the migration, spread, attack and metastasis of cancer cells. Nearly all of the methods used to purify Hyal are highly costly and not proper for industrial applications. This survey aims to review different methods of Hyal purification, which acts as an anticancer agent by degrading HA in tissues and thus inhibiting the CD44–HA interaction. Hyal can be successfully employed in the management of cancer, which is associated with HA–CD44. This review has described different methods for Hyal purification to prepare an origin to develop a novel purification technique for this highly appreciated protein. Using multiple columns is not applicable for the purification of Hyal and thus cannot be used at the industrial level. It is better to use affinity chromatography of anti‐Hyal for Hyal with one‐step purification.
Protein precipitation method for determination of clobazam and N‐desmethylclobazam in human plasma by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Mikayelyan Astghik , Aleksanyan Armine , Sargsyan Mariam , Gevorgyan Arpine , Zakaryan Hasmik , Harutyunyan Armen , Zhamharyan Lusine , Armoudjian Yeghig , Margaryan Tigran
Published: October 2019

A protein precipitation method for the determination of clobazam (CLB) and its major active metabolite N‐desmethylclobazam (N‐CLB) in human plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was established. CLB and N‐CLB were extracted from human plasma samples by protein precipitation with methanol. Analyte separation was done using a Phenomenex Kinetex™ Biphenyl (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column using isocratic elution with a mobile phase of 5 mm ammonium formate with 0.01% ammonium hydroxide (40%) and methanol (60%) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and an injection volume of 10 μL. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode to monitor the precursor‐to‐product ion transitions of m/z 301.1 → 259.0, 306.0 → 263.9 for CLB and CLB‐D5 and 287.0 → 245.0, 292.0 → 250.0 for N‐CLB and N‐CLB‐D5 in positive electrospray ionization mode, respectively. The method was validated over a concentration range of 2.0–750 ng/mL for CLB and 0.7–200 ng/mL for N‐CLB on SCIEX Triple Quad 4500 MS System. Total run time was 5 min. This method has been designed for bioequivalence study for formulations containing 20 mg of CLB.
Comparative bioavailability of two zolpidem hemitartrate formulations in healthy human Brazilian volunteers using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Mendes Gustavo D. , Pereira Thais da Silva , Rodrigues Júlio César , Santos Elaine Marcílio , Souza Mariani Rafaela , Lopes‐Martins Rodrigo Alvaro Brandão , Antunes Natalícia de Jesus , Moreno Ronilson Agnaldo , De Nucci Gilberto
Published: October 2019

To assess the bioequivalence of two zolpidem hemitartrate formulations in 30 healthy volunteers. Plasma samples were obtained over a 24 h period. Plasma concentrations of zolpidem were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with positive ion electrospray ionization using multiple reaction monitoring. Values of peak concentration (Cmax), area under curve (AUC), half‐life, elimination constant, volume of distribution and clearance showed statistically significant differences when comparing women (604.34 ng h/ml, 127.36 ng/ml, 4.4 h, 0.18 1/h, 50.56 L and 8.55 L/h, respectively) and men (276.1 ng h/ml, 70.9 ng/ml, 3.3 h, 0.26 1/h, 91.42 L and 24.34 L/h, respectively), receiving the same dose (5 mg), respectively. The geometric means with corresponding 90% confidence interval for Test/Reference percentage ratios were 99.73% (CI 93.69–106.16) for Cmax, 97.44% (90% CI = 91.85–103.37%) for area under curve of plasma concentration until the last concentration observed (AUClast) and 98.30% (90% CI = 92.48–104.49) for the area under curve between the first sample (pre‐dosage) and infinity (AUC0–inf). Since the 90% CI for AUClast, AUC0–inf and Cmax ratios were within the 80–125% interval proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration, it was concluded that zolpidem hemitartrate formulation (5 mg orodispersible tablet) is bioequivalent to the zolpidem hemitartrate formulation (Patz SL 5 mg sublingual tablet) with regard to both the rate and the extent of absorption. A new formulation of zolpidem 2.5 mg may be useful in women for the same clinical benefits as the 5 mg formulation in men.
Ethanol Steam Reforming Followed by Water‐Gas Shift Reaction over Ce‐Ni/MCM‐41 and Fe‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Rahmanzadeh Lida , Taghizadeh Majid
Published: October 2019

Current research focuses on hydrogen production from ethanol steam reforming (ESR) followed by water‐gas shift (WGS) reaction. Ce‐Ni/MCM‐41 and Fe/Ce/M (where M = K, La, Ti) catalysts were prepared by the wet‐impregnation technique and used for the ESR and WGS reactions, respectively. All experiments were carried out at 600 °C. The effects of the reduction time, the ratio of the two catalysts, and their arrangement were also investigated. The best results were obtained using Fe/Ce/Ti as WGS catalyst and with a separate array because the H2 production and CO2 level in the product gas were improved while that of CO was reduced. To generate high‐purity hydrogen, the CaO‐based adsorbent was used as a third layer to adsorb CO2 from the gaseous products.
Reproducing Protocol‐Based Studies Using Parameterizable Tools—Comparison of Analytic Approaches Used by Two Medical Product Surveillance Networks
Authors: Huang Ting‐Ying , Welch Emily C. , Shinde Mayura U. , Platt Robert W. , Filion Kristian B. , Azoulay Laurent , Maro Judith C. , Platt Richard , Toh Sengwee
Published: October 2019

The US Sentinel System and the Canadian Network for Observational Drug Effect Studies (CNODES) are two medical product safety surveillance networks. Using Sentinel's preprogrammed, parameterizable analytic tools, we reproduced two protocol‐based studies conducted by CNODES to assess the risks of acute pancreatitis and heart failure (HF) associated with the use of incretin‐based drugs, compared with use of ≥ 2 oral hypoglycemic agents. Results from the replication new‐user cohort analyses aligned with those from the CNODES nested case‐control studies. The adjusted hazard ratios were 0.95 (0.81–1.12; vs. 1.03 (0.87–1.22) in CNODES) for acute pancreatitis and 0.91 (0.84–1.00; vs. 0.82 (0.67–1.00) in CNODES) for HF among patients without HF history. The CNODES's common protocol approach allows studies tailored to specific safety questions, whereas the Sentinel's common data model plus pretested program approach enables more rapid analysis. Despite these differences, it is possible to obtain comparable results using both approaches.
Quantitative Proteomics and Mechanistic Modeling of Transporter‐Mediated Disposition in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Vildhede Anna , Kimoto Emi , Pelis Ryan M. , Rodrigues A. David , Varma Manthena V.S.
Published: October 2019

Understanding transporter‐mediated drug disposition and pharmacokinetics (PK) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is critical in developing treatment options. Here, we quantified the expression levels of major drug transporters in healthy, steatosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) liver samples, via liquid‐chromatography tandem mass spectrometry‐based proteomics, and used the data to predict the PK of substrate drugs in the disease state. Expression of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) and multidrug resistance‐associated protein (MRP)2 is significantly lower in NASH livers; whereas MRP3 is induced while no change was observed for organic cation transporter (OCT)1. Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models verified with PK data from healthy subjects well recovered the PK in NASH subjects for morphine (involving OCT1) and its glucuronide metabolites (MRP2/MRP3/OATP1B), 99mTC‐mebrofenen (OATP1B/MRP2/MRP3), and rosuvastatin (OATP1B/breast cancer resistance protein). Overall, considerations to altered protein expression can enable quantitative prediction of PK changes in subjects with NAFLD.
Automated data‐intensive forecasting of plant phenology throughout the United States
Authors: Taylor Shawn D. , White Ethan P.
Published: October 2019

Phenology, the timing of cyclical and seasonal natural phenomena such as flowering and leaf out, is an integral part of ecological systems with impacts on human activities like environmental management, tourism, and agriculture. As a result, there are numerous potential applications for actionable predictions of when phenological events will occur. However, despite the availability of phenological data with large spatial, temporal, and taxonomic extents, and numerous phenology models, there have been no automated species‐level forecasts of plant phenology. This is due in part to the challenges of building a system that integrates large volumes of climate observations and forecasts, uses that data to fit models and make predictions for large numbers of species, and consistently disseminates the results of these forecasts in interpretable ways. Here, we describe a new near‐term phenology‐forecasting system that makes predictions for the timing of budburst, flowers, ripe fruit, and fall colors for 78 species across the United States up to 6 months in advance and is updated every four days. We use the lessons learned in developing this system to provide guidance developing large‐scale near‐term ecological forecast systems more generally, to help advance the use of automated forecasting in ecology.
Dependent double‐observer method reduces false‐positive errors in auditory avian survey data
Authors: Strickfaden Kaitlyn M. , Fagre Danielle A. , Golding Jessie D. , Harrington Alan H. , Reintsma Kaitlyn M. , Tack Jason D. , Dreitz Victoria J.
Published: October 2019

Bias introduced by detection errors is a well‐documented issue for abundance and occupancy estimates of wildlife. Detection errors bias estimates of detection and abundance or occupancy in positive and negative directions, which can produce misleading results. There have been considerable design‐ and model‐based methods to address false‐negative errors, or missed detections. However, false‐positive errors, or detections of individuals that are absent but counted as present because of misidentifications or double counts, are often assumed to not occur in ecological studies. The dependent double‐observer survey method is a design‐based approach speculated to reduce false positives because observations have the ability to be confirmed by two observers. However, whether this method reduces false positives compared to single‐observer methods has not been empirically tested. We used prairie songbirds as a model system to test if a dependent double‐observer method reduced false positives compared to a single‐observer method. We used vocalizations of ten species to create auditory simulations and used naive and expert observers to survey these simulations using single‐observer and dependent double‐observer methods. False‐positive rates were significantly lower using the dependent double‐observer survey method in both observer groups. Expert observers reported a 3.2% false‐positive rate in dependent double‐observer surveys and a 9.5% false‐positive rate in single‐observer surveys, while naive observers reported a 39.1% false‐positive rate in dependent double‐observer surveys and a 49.1% false‐positive rate in single‐observer surveys. Misidentification errors arose in all survey scenarios and almost all species combinations. However, expert observers using the dependent double‐observer method performed significantly better than other survey scenarios. Given the use of double‐observer methods and the accumulating evidence that false positives occur in many survey methods across different taxa, this study is an important step forward in acknowledging and addressing false positives.
Focusing surface acoustic waves assisted electrochemical detector in microfluidics
Authors: Zheng Tengfei , Liu Yue , Xu Chaoping , Lu Haiwei , Wang Chaohui
Published: October 2019

This article demonstrates a novel electrochemical detection device. The device is composed by two focusing interdigital transducers for exciting focused surface acoustic waves by applying an AC signal, a three‐electrode system for electrochemical measurement, and a liquid pool for holding liquid on a LiNbO3 wafer. The amperometry current of ferrocenecarboxylic acid and potassium phosphate buffer solution is used to characterize the detection sensitivity. Two experiments are carried out to optimize the device design. The result shows that the two focusing interdigital transducers with arc degree 30° and distance 5 mm can remarkably enhance the liquid mixing rate. Under this condition, the oxidation current is about 27 times larger than that without surface acoustic wave stirring.