bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FABULAÇÕES E CURRÍCULOS NOS USOS DE ‘IMAGENSSONSSENTIMENTOS’ NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Toja Noale de Oliveira
Published: October 2024

As fabulações na formação de professores, nos convida a criar diferentes manifestações curriculares que envolvem, imagens, sons e sentimentos. Os usos das narrativas cinematográficas, estimulam ‘conversas’ acerca dos diferentes ‘dentrofora’ das escolas, nas múltiplas redes educativas que formamos e nas quais nos formam.  Como é criar fabulações com os usos de celulares, câmera, microfones, papelões, lãs, tecidos, como dispositivos e linguagens? Como ressignificar o currículo, quando os movimentos migratórios e a comida são artefatos, objetos, conversas, que irão destemperar o receituário e a prescrição do ‘fazersaber’ professora? Estas são inquietações que este ensaio traz a partir das experiências com o  trabalho realizado no componente curricular, chamado PPP (Pesquisa e Prática Pedagógica), no curso de formação de professores, tensionando o sentir de outras sensações nos ‘fazeressaberes’ educativos. Nesse processo, dois vídeos foram criados, um deles traz a comida como expressão dos afetos. Sentar em torno da mesa, tomar um café da tarde, ou no meio da noite compartilhar as receitas de cuscuz e munguzá é abrir o corpo ao sentir, ouvir, cheirar, olhar e falar em torno dos processos e acontecimentos com as ideias que temos de  ‘sermos professoras e professores’ e suas possibilidades de diferentes fabulações com os estudantes presentes nas turmas nas quais atuamos.
Highlighting the latest research: November 2024
Authors: Burnett David , Waterhouse Hannah
Published: October 2024

The authors provide a synopsis and brief review of a selection of recently presented trials at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2024 that are of interest to cardiovascular nurses, highlighting key points and clinical implications. A full reference is provided for those who wish to read the research in more detail
Self-management of long-term conditions: a district nursing perspective of patient engagement
Authors: Vaughan Katie , Lavery Joanna
Published: October 2024

The UK has a growing ageing population with increased prevalence of long-term conditions. It has the potential to overwhelm the country's healthcare system. The COVID-19 pandemic and its risk of transmission provided an opportunity for people with long-term conditions to focus on self-care and for district nurses to promote self-management. Self-management strategies, such as digital technology, motivational interviewing, social prescribing and shared decision-making can assist them in planning a whole-population approach towards managing physical and mental wellbeing. For this to become a reality, investment is needed to educate the patients, their carers, district nurses, multidisciplinary teams and to ensure the sustainability of self-care methods for future practice.
Group virtual reality simulation in the adult nursing curriculum: student and lecturer experiences
Authors: Godbold Rosemary , Cairnduff Karen
Published: October 2024

Background:

Virtual reality (VR) simulation technology was rapidly integrated into pre-registration adult nursing programmes in response to the pandemic and a reduction in clinical placements. The UK's regulatory body for nursing has recognised its value in nursing education by increasing the possible number of simulated practice hours that can replace clinical placements to 600 hours. This article reports on an evaluation study of a novel approach using screen-based VR simulations for groups of students in a classroom setting.

Objectives:

This study aims to evaluate student and lecturer experiences of screen-based VR with the aim of informing and sharing insights from this approach.

Design:

Students and lecturers responded to an evaluation survey comprising both closed- and open-ended questions.

Setting:

A large approved education institute in the East of England.

Participants:

Pre-registration adult nursing master's students and adult nursing lecturers who had experience of screen-based VR with groups.

Methods:

Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive methods, and qualitative data using thematic analysis.

Results:

Student and lecturer experiences of screen-based VR were overwhelmingly positive, overcoming many challenges of simulation documented in the literature. The group-working approach promoted development of non-technical or essential ‘soft’ skills such as communication, decision-making and teamwork.

Conclusions:

Screen-based VR for classroombased learning offers an effective, engaging and cost-effective method of incorporating VR simulation scenarios in adult nursing education. Thoughtful consideration of pedagogical aspects are key to its successful and effective integration into the pre-registration adult nursing curriculum.
Continuous professional development for the nursing associate
Authors: Urwin Claire
Published: October 2024

Claire Urwin, Principal Lead for Pre-Registration Developments in London/Programme Leader M Nurse, University of Sunderland (claire.urwin@sunderland.ac.uk), reviews the development of the registered nursing associate role and considers factors relating to professional development for role holders
Who is sufficient, and why? A mixed-methods approach to the social determinants of sufficiency lifestyles in the pursuit of decarbonisation
Authors: Flipo Aurore , Alexander-Haw Abigail , Breucker Fiona , Dütschke Elisabeth
Published: October 2024

Sufficiency consists of less materially intensive consumption patterns that focus on wellbeing rather than material wealth. Such consumption patterns are commonly referred to as sufficiency lifestyles and are increasingly seen as a key driver for achieving decarbonisation. However, while research finds that sustainable consumption and environmental behaviour are often associated with high social status, lower carbon footprints and lower consumption more broadly are associated in the literature with poverty and deprivation. This article aims to investigate whether a combination of low carbon footprint and high wellbeing exists, what socio-demographic characteristics are associated with it, and to explore the actual experiences of people engaged in sufficiency lifestyles through initiatives and their characteristics.

We use a mixed-methods design with data from demographically representative surveys in Denmark, Germany, Italy and Latvia (N=5,080), and in-depth interviews with participants from sufficiency-oriented intentional communities (N=90).

We find that sufficiency lifestyles are linked to a stronger inclination towards sufficiency orientation or a heightened stronger environmental identity, accompanied by a negative correlation with social deprivation aspects. Drawing on the interviews, we find that individuals engaged in sufficiency-oriented practices tend to benefit from economic, social and cultural resources that allow them to overcome energy dependency and constraints, and that their motivations are not limited to pro-environmental behaviour. Based on these empirical findings, we explore potential avenues for the diffusion of sufficiency-oriented lifestyles, including the establishment of binding rules through a democratic process that curb overconsumption while providing attractive low-carbon lifestyles for all.
Mid-infrared 2D nonredundant optical phased array of mirror emitters in an InGaAs/InP platform
Authors: Midkiff Jason , Hsiao Po-Yu , Camp Patrick T. , Chen Ray T.
Published: October 2024

The extension of photonic technologies such as lidar and free-space optical communications from the traditional visible and near-infrared wavelengths to longer wavelengths can improve performance in adverse environments such as haze, fog, smoke, or strong solar background. Non-mechanical beam steerers will be a critical component of the low size, weight, and power modules needed for the portable or unmanned systems deployed in these environments. In this work, we demonstrate the first 2D optical phased array for non-mechanical beam steering in the mid-infrared spectral region. We combine a total-internal-reflection mirror emitter with a nonredundant array of 30 elements to carry out 2D beam steering at a single wavelength of 4.6 µm. The experiment yielded ∼600 resolvable far-field points, with ∼2400 points over a 28° × 28° field of view calculated theoretically. Moreover, the device was fabricated in a passive InGaAs/InP platform, contributing another advance in the ongoing development of quantum cascade laser-based photonic integration.
COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated risk factors among first antenatal care attendees in Zambia, 2021–2022: A repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Tembo Tannia , Somwe Paul , Bosomprah Samuel , Heilmann Elizabeth , Kalenga Kalubi , Moyo Nyembezi , Kabamba Bupe , Seffren Victoria , Fwoloshi Sombo , Rutagwera Marie-Reine , Musunse Maximillian , Mwiinga Linos , Gutman Julie R. , Hines Jonas Z. , Sikazwe Izukanji
Published: October 2024

Pregnant women are considered a high-risk group for COVID-19, and a priority for vaccination. Routine antenatal care (ANC) provides an opportunity to track trends and factors associated with vaccine uptake. We sought to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine uptake among pregnant women attending ANC and assess the factors associated with vaccine in Zambia. We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study in 39 public health facilities in four districts in Zambia from September 2021 to September 2022. Pregnant women who were aged 15–49 years were enrolled during their first ANC visit. Every month, ~20 women per facility were interviewed during individual HIV counseling and testing. We estimated vaccine uptake as the proportion of eligible participants who self-reported having received the COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 9,203 pregnant women were screened, of which 9,111 (99%) were eligible and had vaccination status. Of the 9,111 included in the analysis, 1,818 (20%) had received the COVID-19 vaccine during the study period, with a trend of increasing coverage with time (0.5% in September 2020, 27% in September 2022). Conversely, 3,789 (42%) reported not being offered a COVID-19 vaccine. We found that women aged 40–49 years, had no education or attained some primary school education, were not employed, and had prior COVID-19 infection were significantly associated with vaccine uptake. COVID-19 vaccine uptake among pregnant women was lower than estimates from the general population (27% across the four districts in September 2022), pointing to missed opportunities to protect this high-risk group. ANC visits were a viable point for conducting COVID-19 surveillance. Incorporating the vaccine as part of the routine ANC package might increase coverage in this group.
The effect of coronary revascularization treatment timing on mortality in patients with stable ischemic heart disease in British Columbia
Authors: Hardiman Sean , Fradet Guy , Kuramoto Lisa , Law Michael , Robinson Simon , Sobolev Boris
Published: October 2024

Background

Prior research has shown that patients with stable ischemic heart disease who undergo delayed coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery face higher mortality rates than those who receive CABG within the time recommended by physicians. However, this research did not account for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a widely available alternative to delayed CABG in many settings. We sought to establish whether there was a difference in mortality between timely PCI and delayed CABG.

Methods

We identified 25,520 patients 60 years or older who underwent first-time non-emergency revascularization for angiographically-proven, stable left main or multi-vessel ischemic heart disease in British Columbia between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2016. We estimated unadjusted and adjusted mortality after index revascularization or last staged PCI for patients undergoing delayed CABG compared to timely PCI.

Findings

After adjustment with inverse probability of treatment weights, at three years, patients who underwent delayed CABG had a statistically significant lower mortality compared with patients who received timely PCI (4.3% delayed CABG, 13.5% timely PCI; risk ratio 0.32, 95% CI 0.24–0.40).

Interpretation

Patients who undergo CABG with delay have a lower risk of death than patients who undergo PCI within appropriate time. Our results suggest that patients who wish to receive CABG as their revascularization treatment will receive a mortality benefit over PCI as an alternative strategy.
Development of a patient-centred tool for use in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Lübbeke Anne , Cullati Stéphane , Baréa Christophe , Cole Sophie , Fabiano Gianluca , Silman Alan , Gutacker Nils , Agoritsas Thomas , Hannouche Didier , Pinedo-Villanueva Rafael
Published: October 2024

Background

The aim of this project was to develop a tool using the experience of previous patients to inform patient-centred clinical decision-making in the context of total hip arthroplasty (THA). We sought out the patients’ views on what is important for them, leveraging registry data, and providing outcome information that is perceived as relevant, understandable, adapted to a specific patient’s profile, and readily available.

Methods

We created the information tool “Patients like me” in four steps. (1) The knowledge basis was the systematically collected detailed exposure and outcome information from the Geneva Arthroplasty Registry established 1996. (2) From the registry we randomly selected 275 patients about to undergo or having already undergone THA and asked them via interviews and a survey which benefits and harms associated with the operation and daily life with the prosthesis they perceived as most important. (3) The identified relevant data (39 predictor candidates, 15 outcomes) were evaluated using Conditional Inference Trees analysis to construct a classification algorithm for each of the 15 outcomes at three different time points/periods. Internal validity of the results was tested using bootstrapping. (4) The tool was designed by and pre-tested with patients over several iterations.

Results

Data from 6836 primary elective THAs operated between 1996 and 2019 were included. The trajectories for the 15 outcomes from the domains pain relief, activity improvement, complication (infection, dislocation, peri-prosthetic fracture) and what to expect in the future (revision surgery, need for contralateral hip replacement) over up to 20 years after surgery were presented for all patients and for specific patient profiles. The tool was adapted to various purposes including individual use, group sessions, patient-clinician interaction and surgeon information to complement the preoperative planning. The pre-test patients’ feedback to the tool was unanimously positive. They considered it interesting, clear, complete, and complementary to other information received.

Conclusion

The tool based on a survey of patients’ perceived concerns and interests and the corresponding long-term data from a large institutional registry makes past patients’ experience accessible, understandable, and visible for today’s patients and their clinicians. It is a comprehensive illustration of trajectories of relevant outcomes from previous “Patients like me”. This principle and methodology can be applied in other medical fields.
Molecular identification and antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi against some grapevine pathogens
Authors: Nashat Lava H. , Haleem Raed A. , Ali Shayma H.
Published: October 2024

Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that, exhibiting within the plant tissues without causing any apparent harm to the host, establish a symbiotic relationship with plants. Host plants provide endophytic fungi with essential nutrients and a protected environment. In exchange, the fungi can enhance the plant’s ability to acquire nutrients. They can also play a crucial role in increasing the host plant’s tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Endophytic fungi can produce a wide range of bioactive compounds, some similar to those found in the host plant. In Iraq’s Duhok province of the Kurdistan region, the plant species Vitis vinifera has been explored as a habitat for diverse endophytic microorganisms across various ecological environments. During the period from 2021 to 2022, a total of 600 samples were collected from four distinct locations: Bagera, Besfke, Barebhar, and Atrush. From these samples, twelve endophytic fungal species were isolated, including Aspergillus flavipes, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium ruscicol, Fusarium venenatum, Chaetomium globosum, Clonostachys rosea, Mucor racemosus, Penicillium glabrum, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus nidulans, and Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Paecilomyces maximus, Curvularia buchloes. These fungi were introduced for their potential as biocontrol agents against grapevine trunk diseases and grape rotting fungi, which pose significant risks to grapevine health and productivity. Penicilium radiatolobatum, Botrysphaeria dothidea, Fusarium ruscicola, Fusarium venenatum, and Paecilomyces maximus represented the first record as endophytes on grapevine in Iraq. Based on ITS and SSU sequencing, molecular identification confirmed these fungi’s presence with sequence identities ranging from 99% to 100%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these endophytes could be categorized into five main clusters (A, B, C, D, and E), showing high intra-group similarity. Utilizing the Dual Culture method, the endophyte Paecilomyces maximus demonstrated a 70.83% inhibition rate against Ilyonectria destructans. In the Food Poisoning method, A. flavipes and P. maximus emerged as the most effective inhibitors of Ilyonectria destructans, whereas A. terreus, M. racemosus, and P. maximus achieved complete inhibition (100%) of Botrytis cinerea. Additionally, M. racemosus was identified as the most effective biocontrol agent against Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the potential of endophytic fungi from Vitis vinifera as effective biocontrol agents against grapevine diseases, highlighting their role in sustainable vineyard management. These findings lead to further exploration and implementation of these fungi-inserted pest management strategies.
Distribution of lineages and type II toxin-antitoxin systems among rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates
Authors: Shafipour Maryam , Mohammadzadeh Abdolmajid , Mahmoodi Pezhman , Dehghanpour Mahdi , Ghaemi Ezzat Allah
Published: October 2024

Type II toxin-antitoxin systems such as mazEF3, vapBC3, and relJK play a role in antibiotic resistance and tolerance. Among the different known TA systems, mazEF3, vapBC3, and relJK, which are type II systems, have specific roles in drug resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mutations in these genes in sensitive and resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thirty-two rifampin-resistant and 121 rifampin-sensitive M. tuberculosis isolates were collected from various regions of Iran. Lineage typing was performed using the ASO-PCR method. Mutations in the rpoB gene were analyzed in all isolates by MAS-PCR. Furthermore, mutations in the mazEF3, relJK, and vapBC3 genes of the type II toxin system were assessed through PCR sequencing. These sequences were analyzed using COBALT and SnapGene 2017, and submitted to the GenBank database. Among the 153 M. tuberculosis samples, lineages 4, 3 and 2 were the most common. Lineage 2 had the highest rate of rifampin resistance. Mutations in rpoB531 were the most frequent in resistant isolates. Examination of the toxin-antitoxin system showed that rifampin-resistant isolates belonging to lineage 3 had mutations in either the toxin or antitoxin parts of all three TA systems. A mutation in nucleotide 195 (codon 65) of mazF3 leading to an amino acid change from threonine to isoleucine was detected in all rifampin-resistant isolates. M. tuberculosis isolates belonging to lineage 2 exhibited the highest rifampin resistance in our study. Identifying the mutation in mazF3 in all rifampin-resistant isolates can highlight the significance of this mutation in the development of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis. Expanding the sample size in future studies can help develop a new method for identifying resistant isolates.
Interplay between de novo and salvage pathways of GDP-fucose synthesis
Authors: Skurska Edyta , Olczak Mariusz
Published: October 2024

GDP-fucose is synthesised via two pathways: de novo and salvage. The first uses GDP-mannose as a substrate, and the second uses free fucose. To date, these pathways have been considered to work separately and not to have an influence on each other. We report the mutual response of the de novo and salvage pathways to the lack of enzymes from a particular route of GDP-fucose synthesis. We detected different efficiencies of GDP-fucose and fucosylated structure synthesis after a single inactivation of enzymes of the de novo pathway. Our study demonstrated the unequal influence of the salvage enzymes on the production of GDP-fucose by enzymes of the de novo biosynthesis pathway. Simultaneously, we detected an elevated level of one of the enzymes of the de novo pathway in the cell line lacking the enzyme of the salvage biosynthesis pathway. Additionally, we identified dissimilarities in fucose uptake between cells lacking TSTA3 and GMDS proteins.
Pain scores reduction with the use of ultrasound-guided paracervical nerve block in patients with cervical cancer undergoing intracavitary brachytherapy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rong Yuanyuan , Yang Yi , Zhang Xi , Zhou Xiaoxiao , Fu Jianfeng , Zhao Xuelian , Liu Huaqin , Pei Huanshuang , Zhou Chao
Published: October 2024

Study objective

To determine the safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided paracervical nerve blocks for the painless treatment of patients with cervical cancer post-implantation.

Design

Single-center randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (July 2023 to October 2023).

Trial number

ChiCTR2300071580 [https://clin.larvol.com/trial-detail/ChiCTR2300071580].

Patients

Eighty patients with cervical cancer underwent post-implantation treatment.

Interventions

Patients receiving and not receiving paracervical nerve blocks (Groups T and C, respectively) were randomly allocated.

Measurements

Primary measures included visual analog scale (VAS) scores and patient body movement scores at various stages, including vaginal speculum placement (T1), applicator/needle insertion (T2), treatment administration following connection of the treatment tube (T3), needle withdrawal and hemostasis (T4), and willingness to receive further treatment. The secondary observation indices in this study included the operation time, incidence of hypoxemia, occurrence of nausea and vomiting, adverse events related to the circulatory system, patient satisfaction score, operator satisfaction score, and operation duration required by patients with an Alderte score of ≥ 9.

Main results

Forty patients each were randomly allocated into Groups T and C. The VAS scores did not differ significantly between the two groups at T1. However, at T3 and T4, the VAS scores of Group T was significantly lower than that of Group C. No significant difference was observed in the body movement scores between the two groups at T1 and T3. However, the body movement score of Group T was significantly lower than that of Group C (P < 0.001) at T2 and T4. Group T showed higher postoperative satisfaction and willingness to receive further treatment compared to that of Group C.

Conclusions

Ultrasound-guided paracervical nerve block effectively reduced the pain scores in patients with cervical cancer undergoing post-implantation treatment and enhanced their inclination to undergo further treatment.
Deep learning innovations in South Korean maritime navigation: Enhancing vessel trajectories prediction with AIS data
Authors: Zaman Umar , Khan Junaid , Lee Eunkyu , Balobaid Awatef Salim , Aburasain R. Y. , Kim Kyungsup
Published: October 2024

Predicting ship trajectories can effectively forecast navigation trends and enable the orderly management of ships, which holds immense significance for maritime traffic safety. This paper introduces a novel ship trajectory prediction method utilizing Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Deep Neural Network (DNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). Our research comprises two main parts: the first involves preprocessing the large raw AIS dataset to extract features, and the second focuses on trajectory prediction. We emphasize a specialized preprocessing approach tailored for AIS data, including advanced filtering techniques to remove outliers and erroneous data points, and the incorporation of contextual information such as environmental conditions and ship-specific characteristics. Our deep learning models utilize trajectory data sourced from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) to train and learn regular patterns within ship trajectory data, enabling them to predict trajectories for the next hour. Experimental results reveal that CNN has substantially reduced the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Square Error (MSE) of ship trajectory prediction, showcasing superior performance compared to other deep learning algorithms. Additionally, a comparative analysis with other models—Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), GRU, LSTM, and DBS-LSTM—using metrics such as Average Displacement Error (ADE), Final Displacement Error (FDE), and Non-Linear ADE (NL-ADE), demonstrates our method’s robustness and accuracy. Our approach not only cleans the data but also enriches it, providing a robust foundation for subsequent deep learning applications in ship trajectory prediction. This improvement effectively enhances the accuracy of trajectory prediction, promising advancements in maritime traffic safety.
Identification challenges of Castilleja (Orobanchaceae) on iNaturalist
Authors: Bürger Marco , Chory Joanne
Published: October 2024

Citizen science platforms like iNaturalist play a crucial role in biodiversity monitoring. However, the identification of plants from the genus Castilleja (Indian Paintbrush), which comprises about 200 species with often similar features and frequent introgression, presents considerable challenges. Our study examines the agreement between initial identifications (often made by computer vision algorithms), subsequent identifications, and the final Research-Grade identifications for Castilleja species on iNaturalist. We focus on prevalent identification problems within this genus, particularly noting that Castilleja densiflora and Castilleja exserta are most frequently confused. This study highlights the need for improved algorithms to enhance initial species identification accuracy, especially for complex genera like Castilleja. Our findings have implications for the efficiency of the identification process on citizen science platforms and underscore the importance of expert verification in challenging taxonomic groups.
Trauma levels and perspectives on dignified death among nurses and physicians who directly experienced the recent earthquake
Authors: Özbek Güven Gamze , Karataş Mehmet , Kaynak Sibel
Published: October 2024

Background

Unexpected, sudden, and tragic losses can prompt us to reflect on the concept of a "good death." The earthquake disaster that struck our country in 2023 vividly demonstrated the challenging impact of such events, which can turn lives upside down and compel us to question the notion of a "good death." This study aims to determine the perceptions of a "good death" and the levels of trauma experienced by physicians and nurses who directly witnessed the earthquake disaster, and to understand the relationship between these factors.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 1 and December 31, 2023, using phone interviews facilitated by a web-based Google form. Data were collected from 560 healthcare professionals (280 nurses and 280 doctors) working in hospitals located in Kahramanmaraş, Hatay, Malatya, and Adıyaman provinces in Türkiye, which were directly impacted by the earthquake of February 6, 2023, and who consented to participate in the study. Trauma levels were assessed using the "Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale," and perceptions of a good death were evaluated using the "Good Death Scale (GDS)." Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 and AMOS 24 software. Normal distribution was checked with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test. Independent t-tests were used to compare independent binary groups, Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between scale scores, and Cronbach’s α coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the scales (Good Death Scale: 0.931; Trauma Scale: 0.957). Structural equation modeling and multi-group analysis were conducted to examine the relationship between scale scores according to the profession variable.

Findings

The mean score for the perception of a good death was found to be 52.76 ± 8.77 for physicians and 55.84 ± 9.63 for nurses. A statistically significant difference was detected between physicians and nurses in the "psychosocial spirituality," "personal control," and "clinical" sub-dimensions of the scale (p<0.05). The mean trauma scores were 56.81 ± 17.58 for physicians and 64.82 ± 18.56 for nurses. A significant difference was found in the trauma scale and its sub-dimensions ("excitement limitation," "emotional," "cognitive restructuring," "sleep problems") (p<0.05). It was observed that higher trauma levels positively influenced good death perception scores.

Conclusion

This study reveals that healthcare workers are deeply affected psychologically by major disasters, with high levels of trauma. A significant relationship was found between trauma levels and perceptions of a good death. These findings provide an important basis for future research to understand how trauma shapes the lives and job performance of healthcare workers in the long term.
Unbiased complexome profiling and global proteomics analysis reveals mitochondrial impairment and potential changes at the intercalated disk in presymptomatic R14Δ/+ mice hearts
Authors: Foo Brian , Amedei Hugo , Kaur Surmeet , Jaawan Samir , Boshnakovska Angela , Gall Tanja , de Boer Rudolf A. , Silljé Herman H. W. , Urlaub Henning , Rehling Peter , Lenz Christof , Lehnart Stephan E.
Published: October 2024

Phospholamban (PLN) is a sarco-endoplasmic reticulum (SER) membrane protein that regulates cardiac contraction/relaxation by reversibly inhibiting the SERCA2a Ca2+-reuptake pump. The R14Δ-PLN mutation causes severe cardiomyopathy that is resistant to conventional treatment. Protein complexes and higher-order supercomplexes such as intercalated disk components and Ca+2-cycling domains underlie many critical cardiac functions, a subset of which may be disrupted by R14Δ-PLN. Complexome profiling (CP) is a proteomics workflow for systematic analysis of high molecular weight (MW) protein complexes and supercomplexes. We hypothesize that R14Δ-PLN may alter a subset of these assemblies, and apply CP workflows to explore these changes in presymptomatic R14Δ/+ mice hearts. Ventricular tissues from presymptomatic 28wk-old WT and R14Δ/+ mice were homogenized under non-denaturing conditions, fractionated by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with a linear MW-range exceeding 5 MDa, and subjected to quantitative data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) analysis. Unfortunately, current workflows for the systematic analysis of CP data proved ill-suited for use in cardiac samples. Most rely upon curated protein complex databases to provide ground-truth for analysis; however, these are derived primarily from cancerous or immortalized cell lines and, consequently, cell-type specific complexes (including cardiac-specific machinery potentially affected in R14Δ-PLN hearts) are poorly covered. We thus developed PERCOM: a novel CP data-analysis strategy that does not rely upon these databases and can, furthermore, be implemented on widely available spreadsheet software. Applying PERCOM to our CP dataset resulted in the identification of 296 proteins with disrupted elution profiles. Hits were significantly enriched for mitochondrial and intercalated disk (ICD) supercomplex components. Changes to mitochondrial supercomplexes were associated with reduced expression of mitochondrial proteins and maximal oxygen consumption rate. The observed alterations to mitochondrial and ICD supercomplexes were replicated in a second cohort of “juvenile” 9wk-old mice. These early-stage changes to key cardiac machinery may contribute to R14Δ-PLN pathogenesis.
Comparison of efficacy and safety of different anticoagulation regimens in plasma exchange: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ren Song , Huang Liming , Li Yi , Feng Yunlin
Published: October 2024

Background

Extracorporeal line clotting during plasma exchange (PE) not only delays efficient treatment, but also cause great waste of nursing resources. There is a lack of comprehensive comparison of the efficacy and safety among different anticoagulation regimens in plasma exchange in literature.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in EMBASE, MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Central Library, and CNKI. Studies that had compared at least two anticoagulation regimens in PE were considered eligible. The anticoagulative efficacy outcome was assessed by the occurrence of extracorporeal circuit clotting. The safety outcome was assessed by the occurrence of bleeding events, post-treatment APTT values, and post-treatment platelets counts. The risk of bias was assessed by the AHRQ tool. Mean differences or standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of continuous variables and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs of categorical variables were pooled using a random-effects or a fixed-effects model as appropriate.

Results

In all, 7 studies with 1638 patients and 10951 sessions of PE treatment were included. Pooled results indicated the anticoagulative efficacy of UFH was better than that of saline flushing, yet did not differ with those of LMWH or RCA. Although the occurrence of bleeding events had no difference among different pairs of anticoagulation regimens, anticoagulation using UFH might lead to longer post-treatment APTT value and lower post-treatment platelet counts. Only one study was judged to have low risk of bias in each of the five domains in the AHRQ tool.

Conclusions

The current anticoagulation regimens are generally effective and well tolerated in PE; however, the number of included studies was too limited to draw definitive conclusions.
Establishment and validation of a prognostic nomogram for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Yang Kai , Wang Yu , Huang Jiepeng , Xiao Lingyan , Shi Dongyang , Cui Daguang , Du Tongyue , Zheng Yishan
Published: October 2024

Background

Several scoring systems have been proposed to predict the risk of death due to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (STFS), but they have limitations. We developed a new prognostic nomogram for STFS-related death and compared its performance with previous scoring systems and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score (APACHE II Score).

Methods

A total of 292 STFS patients were retrospectively enrolled between January 2016 and March 2023. Boruta’s algorithm and backward stepwise regression were used to select variables for constructing the nomogram. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and clinical decision curves were generated to compare the strengths of the nomogram with others.

Results

Age, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score (SOFA score), state of consciousness, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and D-dimer were significantly correlated with mortality in both univariate and multivariate analyses (P<0.05). We developed a nomogram using these variables to predict mortality risk, which outperformed the SFTS and APACHE II scores (Training ROC: 0.929 vs. 0.848 vs. 0.792; Validation ROC: 0.938 vs. 0.839 vs. 0.851; P<0.001). In the validation set, the SFTS model achieved an accuracy of 76.14%, a sensitivity of 95.31%, a specificity of 25.00%, a precision of 77.22%, and an F1 score of 85.32%. The nomogram showed a superior performance with an accuracy of 86.36%, a precision of 88.24%, a recall of 93.75%, and an F1 score of 90.91%.

Conclusion

Age, consciousness, SOFA Score, CRRT, and D-Dimer are independent risk factors for STFS-related death. The nomogram based on these factors has an excellent performance in predicting STFS-related death and is recommended for clinical practice.
LLM-Enhanced multimodal detection of fake news
Authors: Wang Jingwei , Zhu Ziyue , Liu Chunxiao , Li Rong , Wu Xin
Published: October 2024

Fake news detection is growing in importance as a key topic in the information age. However, most current methods rely on pre-trained small language models (SLMs), which face significant limitations in processing news content that requires specialized knowledge, thereby constraining the efficiency of fake news detection. To address these limitations, we propose the FND-LLM Framework, which effectively combines SLMs and LLMs to enhance their complementary strengths and explore the capabilities of LLMs in multimodal fake news detection. The FND-LLM framework integrates the textual feature branch, the visual semantic branch, the visual tampering branch, the co-attention network, the cross-modal feature branch and the large language model branch. The textual feature branch and visual semantic branch are responsible for extracting the textual and visual information of the news content, respectively, while the co-attention network is used to refine the interrelationship between the textual and visual information. The visual tampering branch is responsible for extracting news image tampering features. The cross-modal feature branch enhances inter-modal complementarity through the CLIP model, while the large language model branch utilizes the inference capability of LLMs to provide auxiliary explanation for the detection process. Our experimental results indicate that the FND-LLM framework outperforms existing models, achieving improvements of 0.7%, 6.8% and 1.3% improvements in overall accuracy on Weibo, Gossipcop, and Politifact, respectively.
Dowry demand, perception of wife-beating, decision making power and associated partner violence among married adolescent girls: A cross-sectional analytical study in India
Authors: Srivastava Shobhit , Kumar Pradeep , Muhammad T. , Govindu Manideep , Ali Waad
Published: October 2024

Background

Violence against women is considered a fundamental violation of their human rights. According to the world health organization (WHO), one-third of women worldwide experience some form of intimate partner violence (IPV). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dowry demand, perception of wife-beating, decision-making on work and household purchases and physical, sexual, and emotional violence against married adolescent girls in India by using a large dataset.

Methods

Data from the Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) project survey were used in this study. The final sample size included 4893 married adolescent girls. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were performed to examine preliminary results. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the associations between dowry demand, perception of wife-beating, decision-making and types of IPV.

Results

The prevalence of emotional, physical, and sexual violence among married adolescent girls were 28.6%, 22.9%, and 26.1%, respectively. Approximately 44% of married adolescent girls have experienced some form of violence (emotional, physical, or sexual). The likelihood of experiencing violence was 3.64 times more likely among adolescent girls who reported that dowry was demanded by their in-laws than their counterparts [aOR: 3.64; CI: 3.05–4.35]. Moreover, married girls who justified wife-beating were more likely to face any violence than their counterparts [aOR: 1.56; CI: 1.28–1.90]. Similarly, adolescent girls whose work decisions were made by others had higher odds of experiencing any violence than those who decided their work themselves/jointly with others [aOR: 1.34; CI: 1.07–1.68]. The odds of any violence were higher among adolescent girls whose decisions on household purchases were made by others compared to those who decided to make purchases themselves or jointly with others [aOR: 1.37; CI: 1.09–1.71].

Conclusions

The findings revealed significant associations between dowry-demand, justification of wife-beating, decision making power and IPV among married adolescent girls, and suggest policies that help reduce violence related to the predominantly practiced dowry system in the country, and programs aimed at educating adolescent married girls about their rights against violence and empowering them to retain equal decision-making power within their families and reduce their vulnerability to domestic violence.
Design of multi-modal antenna arrays for microwave hyperthermia and 1H/1⁹F MRI monitoring of drug release
Authors: Hernandez Daniel , Nam Taewoo , Lee Eunwoo , Lee Jae Jun , Kim Kisoo , Kim Kyoung Nam
Published: October 2024

This simulation-based study presented a novel hybrid RF antenna array designed for neck cancer treatment within a 7T MRI system. The proposed design aimed to provide microwave hyperthermia to release 19F-labeled anticancer drugs from thermosensitive liposomes, facilitating drug concentration monitoring through 19F imaging and enabling 1H anatomical imaging and MR thermometry for temperature control. The design featured a bidirectional microstrip for generating the magnetic |B1|-fields required for 1H and 19F MR imaging, along with a patch antenna for localized RF heating. The bidirectional microstrip was operated at 300 MHz and 280 MHz through the placement of excitation ports at the ends of the antenna and an asymmetric structure along the antenna. Additionally, a patch antenna was positioned at the center. Based on this setup, an array of six antennas was designed. Simulation results using a tissue-mimicking simulation model confirmed the intensity and uniformity of |B1|-fields for both 19F and 1H nuclei, demonstrating the suitability of the design for clinical imaging. RF heating from the patch antennas was effectively localized at the center of the cancer model. In simulations with a human model, average |B1|-fields were 0.21 μT for 19F and 0.12 μT for 1H, with normalized-absolute-average-deviation values of 81.75% and 87.74%, respectively. Hyperthermia treatment was applied at 120 W for 600 s, achieving an average temperature of 40.22°C in the cancer model with a perfusion rate of 1 ml/min/kg. This study demonstrated the potential of a hybrid antenna array for integrating 1H MR, 19F drug monitoring, and hyperthermia.
Tracking control problem of nonlinear strict-feedback systems with input nonlinearity: An adaptive neural network dynamic surface control method
Authors: Zhou Minglong , Zhang Xiyu , Deng Xiongfeng
Published: October 2024

In this work, the tracking control problem for a class of nonlinear strict-feedback systems with input nonlinearity is addressed. In response to the influence of input nonlinearity, an auxiliary control system is constructed to compensate for it. To process unknown nonlinear dynamics, radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are introduced to approximate them, and some adaptive updating control laws are designed to estimate unknown parameters. Furthermore, during the dynamic surface control (DSC) design process, first-order low-pass filters are introduced to solve the complexity explosion problems caused by repeated differentiation. After that, an NN-based adaptive dynamic surface tracking controller is proposed to achieve the tracking control. By applying the proposed controller, it can be guaranteed that not only the output of the system can track the desired trajectory, but also that the tracking error can converge to a small neighborhood of zero, while all signals of the closed-loop system are bounded. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified through two examples.
Validity and reliability of velocity and power measures provided by the Vitruve linear position transducer
Authors: Ruiz-Alias Santiago A. , Şentürk Deniz , Akyildiz Zeki , Çetin Onat , Kaya Selman , Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Jukic Ivan
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to determine the validity and between-day reliability of the mean velocity (MV), peak velocity (PV), mean power (MP), and peak power (PP) provided by the Vitruve linear position transducer at different submaximal loads in the free-weight and Smith machine back squat using GymAware as a reference point. Fourteen male sports science students (free-weight back squat one-repetition maximum [1RM]: 132.5 ± 28.5 kg, Smith machine back squat 1RM: 163.9 ± 30.4 kg) performed six experimental sessions, twice per week with 72 hours of rest. The first two included the assessment of the 1RM of both exercises. In the four remaining, both linear position transducers were simultaneously used to record MV, PV, MP, PP of each repetition during an incremental load test (i.e., 20, 40, 60, 80, 90% 1RM) with three minutes of rest between sets. Vitruve displayed both fixed and proportional bias for certain relative loads across all variables. Vitruve did not meet the validity criteria for all (MV, PP) or at least two (MP, PV) relative loads (Coefficient of variation [CV] > 10%; Pearson correlation < 0.70; Effect size > 0.60). MV, PV, MP, and PP recorded by Vitruve displayed acceptable reliability (CV < 10%) with superior reliability observed during a Smith Machine compared to free-weight back squat, and for velocity compared to power variables. Considering GymAware as a reference point, Vitruve was not valid for measuring velocity and power outcomes. Acceptable validity was observed only for PV in the Smith machine back squat, while the other variables—regardless of relative loads and exercise modes—were mostly inaccurate. All variables demonstrated acceptable reliability, with greater reliability noted in the Smith machine compared to the free-weight back squat exercise mode.