bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Condilomas Anogenitais numa Consulta de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis: Centro de Saúde da Lapa - Lisboa, 2008 a 2014
Authors: Gameiro Ana , Alves João , Santo Irene , Azevedo Jacinta
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Human papillomavirus infection is the most common sexual transmitted infection in the world, being associated with different diseases, namely anogenital warts, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and anal, cervical, and oropharyngeal cancers. Among sexually active people, approximately 1% has anogenital warts, 90% of cases resulting from genotypes 6 and 11.
Material and Methods: Patients diagnosed with first episode of anogenital warts from 2008 to 2014 in Lisbon’s major venereology clinic were identified, and characterized according to sex, sexual orientation, age, warts location, and number of sexual partners.
Results: We observed a statistically significant decrease in first anogenital warts diagnosis among < 19 year old females (r = -0.848;
p = 0.016) and a non-statistically significant decrease among < 19 – year-old males and among 20 – 24 year old females.
Discussion: In October 2008, the quadrivalent vaccine (genotypes 6, 11, 16, 18) was introduced in the Portuguese national vaccination program, targeting 13-year-old females, with a catch-up for 17 year old females. In the women´s group, decrease in first anogenital warts diagnosis is probably related to human papillomavirus vaccination before onset of sexual activity.
Conclusion: This study reinforces the importance of national human papillomavirus vaccination program.
Construção e Validação da Tabela Nacional de Funcionalidade para as Doenças Crónicas
Authors: Pereira Carla Sandra , Banco Jaime , Lopes Manuel , Escoval Ana , Nogueira Paulo , Diniz José Alexandre , Guerra Fernando , Coelho Anabela
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Systematic evaluation and registration of adults functionality with chronic diseases is relevant, because it allows: ‘flattening’ health, social and employment policies, according to the person’s functionality with chronic diseases, providing health and social professionals with a data collection, which complements disease records, and finally, measuring functionality gains. The objective of the study was to develop a National Functionality Table for active age adults with chronic disease, according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health of the World Health Organization.
Material and Methods: Quantitative and qualitative methods were used; literature review (17 articles), focal group (nine experts), Delphi panel (16 experts) and exploratory study (309 persons with chronic diseases).
Results: The literature review identified 67 limited activities in the study population, from which 40 activities were selected by the focal group and 38 activities were validated by the Delphi panel.
Discussion: In order to test the psychometric properties we have compared the average value of all possible coefficients of internal consistency type (split-half). When analyzing the discrimination of functional levels in different samples, equality of variances was verified, using the Levene test as well as the “t” test. According to the observation and analysis of α Cronbach coefficient we have found that the National Functionality Table shows good reliability levels. From the main component analysis, five dimensions were identified.
Conclusion: the National Functionality Table has appropriate psychometric characteristics in respect to its consistency, reliability and internal validity.
Advanced Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Multiple Metastasis and Vascular Thrombosis: A Case of Complete Response to Sorafenib
Authors: Simão Adélia , Silva Raquel , Correia Lurdes , Alves Filipe Caseiro , Carvalho Armando , Costa J. M. Nascimento
Published: April 2016

Sorafenib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with antiangiogenic and antiproliferative properties, approved for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. It induces a significant increase in the median overall survival, despite a complete response to treatment being rare. We report a clinical case of a 60-year-old male with hepatic cirrhosis, Child-Pugh class A and performance status 0, and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The primary tumor measured 17 x 8 cm and had diffuse intrahepatic metastization, extensive lung and left adrenal invasion, as well as thrombosis of inferior vena cava, with projection to the right atrium. This patient showed a rapid and complete response to sorafenib, evaluated by mRECIST (modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors), that remains after three years of treatment.
Association of Ward Acquired, On-admission, Progressive and Non-progressive AKI with Death among Dengue Patients: A Hidden Relationship
Authors: Mallhi Tauqeer Hussain , Khan Amer Hayat , Sarriff Azmi , Adnan Azreen Syazril , Khan Yusra Habib
Published: April 2016

n/a
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH Fe(III) DARI INDUSTRI PENGETSAAN SEBAGAI BAHAN PENAMBAH KUALITAS SINTESIS GENTENG KERAMIK
Authors: Delsy Eva Vaulina Yulistia , Kartika Dwi , Aziza Wilma
Published: April 2016

Limbah dihasilkan dari berbagai macam kegiatan manusia, di antaranya dari bidang industri. Salah satu Industri yang menghasilkan limbah adalah industri pengetsaan  yang bergerak di bidang cetak relief seperti industri percetakan, industri pengrajin logam, dan industri pengrajin lencana. Limbah yang dihasilkan mengandung senyawaan anorganik dan asam-asam kuat seperti H2SiF6, HNO3, dan FeCl3. Senyawa anorganik banyak berperan dalam industri genteng keramik terutama dalam hal kualitas genteng. (Darmono, 2009).  Limbah FeCl3 yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan pengetsaan digunakan pada penelitian ini sebagai bahan penambah kualitas pembuatan genteng keramik dari tanah lempung Desa Kalijaran, Purbalingga.  Limbah dikontakkan dengan tanah yang akan digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan genteng, divariasikan menjadi limbah yang tidak diencerkan dan limbah yang diencerkan. Lempung dibuat variasi ukuran butir 60, 80, 100, 140, dan 230 mesh, sedangkan variasi waktu yang dilakukan adalah 30-100 menit  agar diketahui ukuran partikel dan waktu optimum ketika terjadi penyerapan maksimal logam Fe (III).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran partikel dan waktu optimum untuk pengontakan lempung dengan kedua variasi limbah yaitu pada ukuran partikel 80 mesh dengan waktu 70 menit. Uji sifat fisik pada genteng-Fe memenuhi semua standar SNI dan diketahui genteng dengan kualitas terbaik yaitu menggunakan lempung yang telah dikontakkan dengan limbah yang dibuat 1000 kali pengenceran.  Uji pelucutan Fe(III) pada badan genteng oleh air hujan dan air laut menunjukkan bahwa laju rata-rata pelucutan badan genteng yang  direndam dengan limbah yang diencerkan sebesar 68 ppb/ hari dan 55 ppb/hari sedangkan untuk badan genteng yang direndam dengan limbah yang tidak diencerkan sebesar 72,2 ppb/ hari dan 56 ppb/hari
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI PIGMEN WARNA HITAM, MERAH DAN KUNING BERBAHAN DASAR PASIR BESI
Authors: Bilalodin Bilalodin , Irayani Zarah , Sehah Sehah , Sugito Sugito
Published: April 2016

Sintesis dan karateristik pigmen warna hitam, merah dan kuning berbahan dasar pasir besi telah dilakukan.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah   sintesis dan karakterisasi pigmen  menggunakan  bahan baku pasir besi  menggunakan metode  kalsinasi.  Pembuatan pigmen warna hitam  dilakukan    dengan  mencampurkan pasir besi  dengan  larutan  NaOH  dan NH4OH lalu dipanaskan pada suhu 800 °C. Pigmen merah dibuat dengan melarutkan pasir besi dalam larutan H2SO4  dan dipanaskan pada suhu  650 °C.    Sedangkan  pigmen  kuning      dibuat    dari  serbuk  pigmen merah lalu  dilarutkan ke dalam larutan HCl   serta  dipanaskan pada  suhu  250 °C.  Serbuk pigmen   dikarakterisasi mengunakan XRD, SEM-EDX dan PSA dan Crommameter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serbuk pigmen warna hitam, merah dan kuning memiliki struktur kristal kubik dengan bentuk morfologi permukaan dan ukuran butir sebagai berikut: pada pigmen hitam partikel berbentuk butiran bulat seragam dengan ukuran butir 926,4 nanometer, pigmen merah memiliki bentuk butiran bulat seragam dengan ukuran butir 72,2 nm dan pigmen warna kuning memiliki bentuk butiran bulat seragam dengan ukuran 349 nm. Kandungan utama   unsur pigmen hitam, merah dan kuning adalah  besi (Fe)  dan oksigen (O). Serbuk pigmen warna hasil uji colorimetri coordinat L*a*b* yaitu pada pigmen warna hitam nilai L*a*b* dan DE adalah 23,76; 1,35; 1,43 dan 2,34, pigmen merah 43,23; 16,00; 17,30 dan 9,89, dan pigmen warna kuning 66,76; 14,84; 49,95 dan 4,862. Pigmen warna yang dihasilkan telah sesuai dengan standar.
POTENSI BIOAKTIF EKSTRAK ALGA MERAH (Gracillaria verrucosa) TERHADAP KADAR MALONDIALDEHIDA (MDA) DAN GAMBARAN HISTOLOGI PARU TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus novergicus) PASCA INDUKSI FORMALIN
Authors: Tanduwinata Anggun , Istiqomah Helmi Auliyah , Jamilah Jamilah , Caesaria Ni Luh Kemmy , Saputra Rizki Rahmat , Aulanni'am Aulanni'am
Published: April 2016

Indonesia merupakan negara megabiodiversitas yang banyak mengandung kekayaan alam, salah satunya alga merah. Alga merah (Glacillaria verrucosa) mengandung senyawa fikosianin, fikoeretin dan karotenoid yang berperan sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi bioaktif ekstrak alga merahuntuk terapi hewan coba tikus putih (Rattus novergicus) berdasarkan kadar malondialdehida (MDA) dan gambaran histologi paru. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi ekstraksi alga merah dan karakterisasi, induksi  hewan coba (R. novergicus) dengan formalin, kemudian terapi ekstrak alga merah dengan variasi dosis. Berdasarkan uji fitokimia, analisis dengan FTIR dan LCMS, ekstrak alga merah mengandung senyawa flavonoid, terpenoid, alkaloid, β-karoten , β-apo-8’-carotenal dan α-tokoferolyang berperan sebagai antioksidan. Formalin dapat meningkatkan kadar MDA serta menyebabkan kerusakan sel epitel bronkus dibandingkan dengan keadaan normal. Pemberian terapi dengan dosis yang sesuai akan menurunkan kadar MDA dan memperbaiki keadaan sel epitel bronkus. Berdasarkan pengamatan parameter penelitan, diketahui bahwa dosis optimum yang sesuai untuk terapi kanker paru adalah 100 mg/kg BB
Complejidad y precariedad en la empresa científica
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Javier
Published: April 2016

En un mundo globalizado todos somos nativos. La teoría de la ciencia ve reforzarse en este universo cada vez más plural y cada vez más interconectado, un proceso que desde Kuhn se ha desarrollado de un modo imparable: la inconmesurabilidad de los paradigmas. Lo que se expone a continuación es una reflexión sobre inevitabilidad de lo diverso para un conocimiento -el científico- que se pretende universal, y lo precario y necesitado de un discurso que se basa en la necesidad, ya sea lógica o casual.
Cooperativismo en Castilla-La Mancha. Cuestión de género y edad
Authors: Díaz Castro José Ramón
Published: April 2016

Hasta no hace mucho, y aún en la mente de algunos, se construía sociológicamente el concepto de mundo rural atendiendo a dos axiomas: la identificación entre sociedad rural y agricultura y la oposición entre lo rural y lo urbano. Hoy en día, si persistiéramos en esta identificación, nos encontraríamos analizando un mundo en declive y esto no es así; tal y como señala García Sanz, la sociedad rural se encuentra en un proceso de franca recuperación demográfica, urbanística, productiva (vía diversificación), agrícola y cultural.
Conductas antisociales y televisión: representaciones del menor
Authors: Seijas Candelas Leopoldo
Published: April 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar, de un modo teórico, si los contenidos televisivos que son considerados violentos pueden repercutir en los niños y los adolescentes. Partimos de la base de que la reflexión que desarrollamos se realiza con una muestra de niños para poder constatar cuando nace la agresividad y sobre todo analizar si los contenidos violentos en los medios de comunicación pueden engendrar esa agresividad. Un factor tan discutido como polémico siempre que se analiza el problema de la violencia en los medios de comunicación es el efecto de “imitación” y las consecuencias que puede tener tanto en el niño como en el adolescente. Pretendemos llegar a una conclusión: si, como consecuencia de esa agresividad, pueden dar origen a actos delictivos.
Earthquake Early Warning System Application for School Disaster Prevention
Authors: Motosaka Masato ,   Disaster Control Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-1102 Aobayama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Homma Makoto
Published: April 2016

Earthquake early warning systems (EEWS) based on nationwide earthquake observation networks in Japan are applied to earthquake damage mitigation in many fields. The authors have developed a real-time earthquake information (RTEI) application for school disaster prevention. This paper describes, first an EEWS demonstration test at an elementary school in Sendai and extended demonstration tests for three other elementary schools and a junior high school. Then, the transmission of RTEI using an intranet connecting schools is described, together with demonstration test using the Schools in Wide Area Networks in Miyagi Prefecture (Miyagi-SWAN), Japan. These demonstration tests were conducted as part of a government project. This paper also addresses a questionnaire investigation on EEWS applications in schools which was also conducted in the project. The experience of a real earthquake, the June 14, 2008, Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku Earthquake (M7.2), is then described. Lessons learned from the demonstration tests in schools are summarized.
Effect of Aloe vera Gel Administrated on Reproductive Performance of Female Rats
Authors: G Gunawan , T Setiatin Enny , Rosadi Bayu , Mata Hine Thomas , Parakkasi A.
Published: April 2016

The research was conducted to find out the effect of Aloe vera gel administrated orally onreproductive performance of female rats. Fifteen two months old female rats were alloted to fivetreatments of per oral Aloe vera gel administration: P0 (control), P1(1 mg /g body weight), P2 (2 mg/gbody weight, P3 (3 mg/g body weight), and P4 ( 4 mg/g body weight). The gel were administrated everyday for four weeks. The body weight were measured on the same day as last treatment. The animal thenmated to proven male on 1:1 rasio. Positively mated animals were sacrificed on D-10 after mating tocollect uterus and ovary so the number of fetus, corpus luteum, and ovary weight can be determined. Thetreatments significantly decreased (P0.05) the average body weight gain. The P0 (4.1 g/head/day) wasdifferent to P1 (2.69 g/head/day), P2 (2.87 g/head/day, and P4 (2.68 g/head/day), but was not different toP3 (3.39 g/head/day). The ovarium weight were not different (P0.05) among the treatments, so did thenumber of corpus luteum (CL), the number of fetuses and the CL: fetus rasio.Keywords: Aloe vera, rats, reproductive performance .
The Contraceptive Effect of the Extract Methanol of The Leaves Hydrocotyle Javanica Thumb on Female Mice
Authors: R Rinidar , Isa M.
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the contraceptive effect of the extract methanol of the leavesHydrocotyle javanica Thumb and its effect threat of implantation, the quantity and condition of fetuses,histology appearance of the ovary and uterus and rate of pregnancy. The female mice were given orallyeither methanol extract of leaves, for 10 days in various doses: 20, 40, 60, and 80 gram/kg BW. On day20, the mice were mated and when pregnancy occurred, treatment was stopped. On day 17 of pregnancy,the mice were sacrificed: uterus and ovaries were examined histologically. In conclusion, methanol extractof Hydrocotyle javanica Thumb shows contraceptive activity (P 0.05).Keywords: extract methanol, Hydrocotyle javanica Thumb, contraceptive
Morphological on the Macroscropic Development of the Stomach in the Long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) during Pre Natal and Post Natal Period
Authors: Rahmi Erdiansyah
Published: April 2016

This research was conducted with aim to reveal the morphological changes on the stomach in thelong-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) (Mf) during prenatal and postnatal development. Stomachtaken from seven fetuses (40, 55, 70, 85, 100, 120, and 150 gestation day) and two newborns (10 and 105day old) animals was used in this study. The stomach was studied at macroscopic for observation of thegeneral structure. Measurement conducted to stomach length, wide of stomach body, greater curvature,lesser curvature of the stomach in each of old age group. Perception result indicate that the stomach of Mf was red bean like in form with short minor kurvatura. These values increased along with the age of fetusand infant. The Lesser curvature very short. Greater curvature relative length (twice improvement) atpost natal (infant) compared to before birth (fetus). The morphological development of the stomachincreased with age, with very rapid further development after birth, which is possibly due to the age of thefetus and in addition, the start of digestive activity and optimalization of stomach function.Keywords: anatomy, digestion, primates
The Effect of the Follicle Size and Follicle Number Per Ovary on Oocyte Quality of Local Goat
Authors: Sayuti Arman , Siregar Tongku Nizwan , Akmal Muslim , H Hamdan , H Hamdani
Published: April 2016

This research was aimed to find out the relationship between the diameter of follicle and thedifferent of follicle number on oocyte quality of local goat. The oocyte originated from the ovary was takenfrom the Slaughterhouse in Banda Aceh. The ovary was aspirated in the Histology Laboratory ofVeterinary Medicine Faculty of Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. This experiment consisted of twostages, the follicles were selected and divided into 3 groups according to their diameter size. The smalldiameter size 2 mm, medium size 2-5 mm, and big size 5 mm. The second, the ovaries were dividedinto three groups based on number of follicle, i.e; 1(≤5; 2(6-10); and 3 (≥11). The diameters of oocytetaken from the three groups of follicle size were measured by using eyepiece micrometer, while the oocytemorphology was categorized into 4 groups. The result of regression data indicated that the biggest folliclediameter yielded the oocyte that had bigger diameter, too. The model of regression is y = 0.955 + 0.157x, y is the diameter of oocyte and x is the diameter of follicle. The close relationship (r) between the diameter offollicle and the diameter of oocyte was 0.967. There are significant differences (P0.05) between the size offollicle and the morphology of oocyte. The oocytes originated from larger follicle tend to have bettermorphological appearance than the oocyte originated from smaller follicle.Keywords: oocyte, follicle
The Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation on the Histopathological Changes of The Hearts Mice Given High Fat Diet
Authors: Daud Razali
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of vitamin E on mice heart. Twentyfivemalemiceweighing±40gattheageof3monthswereused.Themicewereadaptedforaweekandfedbasaldiet.Themicewerefednormaldietascontrol(group1),highfat+50IUVitaminE(groupII);highfat + 100 IU Vitamin E (group III) high fat + 200 IU Vitamin E (group IV); high fat + 400 IUVitamin E (Group V). Diet was given about 10% body weight, water was given ad libitum every day. After 3 months, all animal were then killed. The hearts were collected for routine histopathologicalexamination. The result indicate that lesions in the heart consist of swollen eosinophilic hyalinization ofcytoplasm, vacuolization, and necrosis myocardium (cardiomiopathy) in all mice receiving high fat dietwith less than 400 IU Vitamin E.Keywords: high fat diet, vitamin E, cardiovascular diseases
Genome‐wide Identification and Structural Analysis of Pyrophosphatase Gene Family in Cotton
Authors: Zhao Xiaojie , Lu Xuke , Yin Zujun , Wang Delong , Wang Junjuan , Fan Weili , Wang Shuai , Zhang Tianbao , Ye Wuwei
Published: April 2016

Pyrophosphatase is a hydrolytic enzyme that utilizes pyrophosphate as a substrate. H+‐PPase, an important proton pump on the vacuolar membrane, plays an important role in regulating cell expansion, H+ electrochemical gradient, and secondary active transport of inorganic ions, organic acids and saccharides. Under low temperature, drought, high NaCl concentration, and hypoxia, H+‐PPase gene expression is promoted to maintain the intracellular balance and enhance the ability of stress resistance in plants. The GhVP gene family is a class of H+‐PPase genes in Gossypium hirsutum L. The present study identified 13 H+‐PPase genes from diploid Gossypium raimondii Ulbrich (genome D) and Gossypium arboreum L. (genome A), and analyzed their genetic structures and systematic evolution. The 13 H+‐PPase genes, including six and seven from diploid G. arboreum and G. raimondii, respectively, were obtained with GhVP as a reference. The H+‐PPase genes belong to a relatively conserved family in plant evolution. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the genes of the same species showed high sequence similarities and relatively close genetic relationships. Gene structural analysis indicated that most of the H+‐PPase genes had 7–8 exons, with a few having a variable number (1–14) of exons. By analyzing the conserved domain, the H+‐PPase genes showed several relatively conserved structural domains, such as a myristyl site, casein kinase site II, and protein kinase phosphorylation site. These findings provide a basis for the further characterization of the H+‐PPase gene function in cotton. Analysis by qRT‐PCR showed that a different expression level of gene members in the V‐PPase family existed in different tissues; for example, gene expression was highest in leaves and lowest in fibers to suggest that V‐PPase expression is tissue‐specific. Moreover, with the salt stress intensity increasing, the changes of expression level of the V‐PPase genes were different.
New Allelic Variant Discovered at Soybean Flower Color Locus W1 Encoding Flavonoid 3′5′‐hydroxylase
Authors: Yan Fan , Di Shaokang , Murai Yoshinori , Iwashina Tsukasa , Anai Toyoaki , Takahashi Ryoji
Published: April 2016

A soybean line producing light purple flowers (E023‐H‐12) was developed from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)‐treated population of cultivar Bay. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic and molecular basis of flower color variation in E023‐H‐12. Genetic analysis suggested that the W1 gene encoding a flavonoid 3′5′‐hydroxylase (F3′5′H) controls light purple flower color. A single plant with purple flowers was generated in an F2 population derived from a cross between E023‐H‐12 and Clark‐w1 with white flowers, probably because of intragenic recombination of the F3′5′H gene. The allele for light purple flower was designated as w1‐lp2. The dominance relationships of the locus were W1 > w1‐lp2 > w1. Flower petals of E023‐H‐12 had similar expression levels of the F3′5′H gene but they had 42% less anthocyanins compared with Bay. The lower anthocyanin content may account for the light purple color of this mutant line. The nucleotide sequence of the F3′5′H gene of E023‐H‐12 had a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) resulting in alteration of an amino acid (H137L). A derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) marker to discriminate the SNP co‐segregated with flower color. Thus, the amino acid substitution may be responsible for the lower anthocyanin content, and, consequently, light purple flower color.
Assessment of Genetic Relationships in Breeding Lines and Cultivars of Brassica napus and Their Implications for Breeding Winter Oilseed Rape
Authors: Liersch Alina , Bocianowski Jan , Woś Henryk , Szała Laurencja , Sosnowska Katarzyna , Cegielska‐Taras Teresa , Nowosad Kamila , Bartkowiak‐Broda Iwona
Published: April 2016

The level of genetic diversity or similarity between parents has been proposed as a predictor of F1 generation performance and heterosis for seed yield. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fluorescent‐labeled primers to evaluate the genetic relationships between 101 oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) genotypes to maximize the selection of different parents in a breeding program. The collection of genotypes included 25 cytoplasmic male sterility ogura and 21 restorer lines (Rfo). The set of genotypes was completed with B. napus cultivars of Polish, European, and Asian origin and resynthesized lines. Ten primer‐enzyme combinations (EcoRI and MseI) were used. Genetic similarities among genotypes were estimated in accordance with the Nei and Li coefficient of similarity, and then the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages method was applied for the creation of a dendrogram. A total of 344 reproducible, polymorphic markers were obtained. Unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages clustering based on the Nei and Li coefficient of similarity separated the 101 genotypes into four distinct clusters. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 90% of the detected variation was found within the group, while the variation among groups contributed to only 10%. Our results indicate that the AFLP technique seemed to be a suitable molecular method for assessing genetic relationships between oilseed rape inbred lines with high levels of accuracy. Genetic similarity evaluated on the basis of AFLP molecular markers is a significant addition to classical methods of selection of parental components of winter oilseed rape hybrid varieties (e.g., ‘Poznaniak’).
Elements of Intellectual Property Protection in Plant Breeding and Biotechnology: Interactions and Outcomes
Authors: Smith Stephen , Lence Sergio , Hayes Dermot , Alston Julian , Corona Eloy
Published: April 2016

Public and private investments in plant breeding have a proven track record of increasing agricultural productivity, significantly contributing to economic well‐being or social welfare. Substantial investments in research and development are required before a new plant variety can be developed and released, which the private sector can only recoup through commercial sales coupled with property rights. We previously published outcomes from economic modeling implementing different categories and hypothetical variants of intellectual property protection (IPP) in the field of plant breeding and biotechnology. Our goal here is to portray these outcomes using examples that will be more immediately familiar to the plant‐breeding and policy‐making communities. In so doing, we do not add to the analyses and arguments already presented. Our objective here is to make more accessible to a broader audience subject matter already presented in a more formal economic format by Lence et al. (2015). We found that plant variety protection (PVP) and utility patents played important and complementary roles in promoting and adopting innovation. Voluntary licensing under patents had a major contribution to social welfare. Periods of protection longer than the current life span of a utility patent did not contribute maximally to the stock of social welfare. We performed a reality check comparing different types of innovation and assessment of time and risk to commercialization. We hope that this information can contribute to more effective implementation of IPP to further promote genetic gain and thus enable commercially funded plant breeders to maximally contribute to the benefit of society on a global basis.
Defoliation Effects on Pasture Photosynthesis and Respiration
Authors: Skinner R. Howard , Goslee Sarah C.
Published: April 2016

Ecosystem C gain or loss from managed grasslands depends on management practices. However, limited information is available at the field scale on how the type of defoliation, specifically grazing vs. cutting, affects gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (RE) immediately after defoliation and during the regrowth process. This study takes advantage of daily field‐scale micrometeorological measurements of GPP and RE made over a 9‐yr period on two pastures that were grazed or cut approximately five times per year to examine the relative effects of grazing and cutting on GPP and RE. The null hypotheses were that the initial reduction in GPP and RE following defoliation and the time required for recovery to pre‐defoliation levels did not differ in response to defoliation method. Overall, RE was greater in cut pastures than in grazed pastures. Regardless of defoliation method, RE did not change during the first week after defoliation, or during the 5 wk following. The initial reduction in GPP2000 (GPP in full sunlight) was greater when pastures were cut (70%) than grazed (46%) and recovery to pre‐defoliation levels took 5 wk for cut pastures vs. 3 wk when grazed. This study suggests, all other management practices being similar, that grazed pastures should be stronger annual C sinks than cut pastures. However, cut and grazed pastures are rarely managed in the same way such that the realized balance between GPP and RE will depend on both physiological responses to defoliation and management intensity.
Classification of Vineyard Soils Using Portable and Benchtop Near‐Infrared Spectrometers: A Comparative Study
Authors: Lopo Miguel , Páscoa Ricardo N.M.J. , Graça António R. , Lopes João A.
Published: April 2016

Core Ideas

Vineyard soils were classified using near‐infrared spectroscopy.

NIRS can be a valuable tool in vineyard management both in situ and in the laboratory.

Its application extends to other types of agricultural fields.

Soils characterization is often accomplished by means of extensive field observations followed by laboratory analysis, which is extremely time consuming and can be prohibitively expensive. Trying to address this issue, there is growing interest in using near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a rapid and cost‐effective tool for the prediction of a soil's physical, biological, and chemical properties. This method is nondestructive and provides spectra highly characteristic of soil properties and composition, enabling the analysis of many soil properties with a single measurement. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of in situ measurements between a dispersive NIR (portable) spectrometer with a benchtop Fourier‐transform NIR instrument (laboratory), thus investigating the potential of NIRS as a rapid and low‐cost technique to map vineyard soils both in the field and in the laboratory. Soil samples collected from different areas of a vineyard in the center of Portugal with fully characterized soils were analyzed by NIRS, and the spectra were modeled by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Both instruments proved to be able to differentiate the analyzed soil types. When samples were collected from nearby locations (e.g., within the same vineyard block), 75 to 100% successful soil identification rates were achieved depending on the soil type. Lower prediction percentages (around 70–75%) were obtained when soils from the entire vineyard were analyzed simultaneously. Results obtained with the portable instrument were, to some degree unexpectedly, equivalent to those obtained with the laboratory instrument.
The Lived Experiences of Children in Care with the Going Home Process in a Chinese Context: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Wong Mooly M.
Published: April 2016

Aim:

This study revealed, through their narrations, the changes in the lived experiences of children who resided in residential childcare services regarding the going home process in a Chinese context.

Methods:

The research design is that of a panel study of a qualitative nature. Eight children, aged from 9 to 18, were interviewed at three different points during the process of going home. The data were collected through in-depth interviews, supplemented by the use of reflective photography. Data were analyzed by three narrative approaches - macrostructure, plot development and theme.

Results:

The findings indicated that the children’s lived experience with the going home process was a path of stabilization, which meant that their sense of control over their lives was increasing from the first to the second to the third wave of data collection. The children’s stories were progressive, with their narrations characterized by advancement. Three themes, namely “uncertainty”, “restoration” and “challenge”, emerged at three points in time, with distinctive concerns and feelings occurring in each stage.

Conclusion:

Their experiences reflected the dominant discourses on children, particularly on disadvantaged children such as children in care. These children are constructed by Chinese society as innocent, lacking knowledge and powerless culturally and socially. Alternative discourses on children as knowledgeable, resourceful and active agents were identified in this study, which shed light on child welfare policy and practice.
Pawning and challenging in concert: Engagement as a field of study
Authors: Zaharijevic Adriana
Published: April 2016

An introduction of sorts, this text opens the thematic collection of articles
on engagement. It takes up the idea that a particular group of people engage
the idea of engagement in order to establish a field of study. In so doing,
the text proposes to tackle the specific creation of the field and of the
?we? that engages with its creation. The first portion of the text deals with
the multiple meanings of engagement; the second with the idea of the group
(of who the ?we? is and what it does); while the last segment engages the
idea of the political in engagement. Its main aim is to show how the we and
the field, at least for a time, cannot be easily disentangled.
Social critique and engagement between universalism, anti-authoritarianism and diagnosis of domination
Authors: Ivkovic Marjan
Published: April 2016

The paper discusses a particular ?isomorphy? between two forms of social
criticism: the ?holistic? theoretical social critique represented by such
authors as J?rgen Habermas and Axel Honneth and ?collective social
engagement? represented by such civic movements as the ?We Won?t Let Belgrade
D(r)own? initiative in contemporary Serbia, which the paper tries to
distinguish from more conventional forms of popular protest. This
?isomorphy?, the paper argues, consists in a tension between three distinct
imperatives of the justification of critique - those of normative
universalism, epistemological anti-authoritarianism, and diagnosis of social
domination - produced by the attempts of both the ?holistic? social critics
and the collectively engaged actors to simultaneously respond to all three
imperatives. After presenting the three types of theoretical critique that
crystallize around each imperative, the paper discusses the internal tension
that arises in the works of ?holistic? theoretical critics and then
identifies the same kind of tension in the ?We Won?t Let Belgrade D(r)own?
initiative. The tension in the movement?s critique is outlined through a
brief analysis of the activists? discourse as articulated in the bulletin We
Won?t Let Belgrade D(r)own issued in March 2015. Since the examples also
suggest that collective engagement is better than theoretical critique at
keeping this tension ?productive?, the paper finally offers some tentative
thoughts on the possible reasons for this difference.
Pragmatic epistemology and the community of engaged actors
Authors: Prodanovic Srdjan
Published: April 2016

In this paper I will explore the relation between engagement and social
science. I will try to argue that positivist epistemology found in the early
days of social sciences still greatly influences our understanding of social
engagement. In the first part of the paper, I will analyze the epistemology
of social sciences advocated by Fourier and Saint-Simon and try to show that,
for them, scientific method was primarily the means for taming social change,
as well as projecting private desires and plans onto the public sphere. In
the second part, I will offer an alternative account of social engagement
using the epistemic role of the community found in pragmatism.
...Beyond folie à deux...
Authors: Milutinovic-Bojanic Sanja
Published: April 2016

In this text I attempt to recognize and identify two conditions that make
engagement possible. One certainly refers to the word, while the other is
inscribed onto the body - every or any body - and it regards affect. I
illustrate the first condition by a brief reading of a poem by Samuel
Beckett, whose English translation the author dedicated to his friend and
long-term collaborator, Joseph Chaikin. The second condition I place into
Spinoza?s, that is, Deleuze?s understanding of affect.
Tick-borne encephalitis virus infection in humans
Authors: Hrnjakovic-Cvjetkovic Ivana , Cvjetkovic Dejan , Patic Aleksandra , Radovanov Jelena , Kovacevic Gordana , Milosevic Vesna
Published: April 2016

Introduction. Tick-borne meningoencephalitis virus is a flavivirus that
causes the most important vector-borne central nervous system infection in
many countries of Europe and Asia. There are three subtypes of tick-borne
encephalitis virus: European, Siberian and the Far-Eastern subtype.
Transmission. In endemic areas, the virus remains in transmissive cycles
between Ixodes ticks and small rodents. Clinical picture. In most cases
(70?98%) infection goes asymptomatically. In about one-third of meningitis
cases, meningoencephalitis or meningomyelitis is developed. Postencephalytic
syndrome may be the complication of the infection, presenting with
neurological symptoms. Diagnosis. Etiologic diagnosis of tick-borne
meningoencephalitis is only made on basis of laboratory analyses. Reverse
transcription-polymerase chain reaction is used for determining the presence
of virus in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Antibodies in blood and
cerebrospinal fluid can be detected by serological tests. Prevention. The
most efficient way to control this potentially severe disease with possible
serious long-term consequences is vaccination. It should be recommended to
persons who live or travel to endemic areas. Conclusion. In Serbia,
tick-borne encephalitis virus infection belongs to the list of reportable
diseases; however, there are no reported cases because the diagnostics is not
performed routinely. We believe that the significance of this zoonosis must
be examined in our country and some of its parts because of preliminary
positive serological findings found out in Vojvodina as well as because of
reported cases in neighboring countries such as Hungary and Croatia and its
worldwide distribution.
Variations in timing of elective orchidopexy
Authors: Dobanovacki Dusanka , Vuckovic Nada , Slavkovic Andjelka , Lucic-Prostran Biljana , Lakic Tanja , Gajic Ivana
Published: April 2016

Introduction. Undescended testis or cryptorchidism is detected in 3% of
full-term male newborns, and in up to 33% of preemies. As the testicular
descent may sometimes resolve spontaneously during first months of life,
cryptorchidism is found in 1% of boys one year old. According to Consensus of
Nordic experts in pediatric urology regarding cryptorchidism the optimal
period for surgery is 12-18 months of age. The goal of this study was to
identify the age of patients with congenital undescended testis at the time
of surgery. Material and Methods. A retrospective study included all the
cases of cryptorchid patients who had undergone orchidopexy in the period
from 2007 to 2014. The patients? age and the place of residence were
analyzed. Results. A total of 637 patients (722 orchidopexies) underwent the
elective operative treatment of undescended testis during the observed
period. The analysis revealed that only 144 (22.60%) of cryptorchid infants
were operated on within their first 18 months of life. In the group of 359
patients from the urban environment, 101 (28.13%) were operated under the age
of 18 months. Among the 278 patients from the rural environment, 43 (15.46%)
were 18 months and younger at the time of surgery. Conclusion. The timing of
surgical treatment of undescended testis in the study period was far from the
recommended optimal time. It is evidently necessary to plan and provide
additional information for pediatricians and parents about the current view
on cryptorchidism and consequences of the late treatment.
Susceptibility of respiratory isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children hospitalized in the Clinical center Nis
Authors: Dinic Marina , Mladenovic-Antic Snezana , Kocic Branislava , Stankovic-Djordjevic Dobrila , Vrbic Miodrag , Bogdanovic Milena
Published: April 2016

Introduction. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most common causes of
respiratory infections. The aim was to study the susceptibility to
antimicrobial agents of respiratory isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae
obtained from hospitalized children. Material and Methods. A total of 190
respiratory pneumococcal isolates obtained from children aged from 0 to 14
years were isolated and identified by using standard microbiological methods.
Susceptibility to oxacillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline,
cotrimoxazole, ofloxacin and rifampicin was tested by disc diffusion method.
Minimal inhibitory concentrations for amoxicillin and ceftriaxone were
determined by means of E test. The macrolide-resistant phenotype was detected
by double disc diffusion test. Results. All tested isolates were susceptible
to amoxicillin and ceftriaxone. The minimal amoxicillin concentration
inhibiting the growth of 50% of isolates and of 90% of isolates was 0.50
?g/ml and 1.0 ?g/ml, respectively and the minimal ceftriaxone concentration
inhibiting the growth of 50% of isolates and of 90% of isolates was 0.25
?g/ml and 0.50 ?g/ml, respectively. Susceptibility to erythromycin and
clindamycin was observed in 21.6% and 29.47% of isolates, respectively. The
resistence to macrolides - M phenotype was detected in 10.07% of isolates and
constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin phenotype (constitutive MLS
phenotype) was found in 89.93% of isolates. All tested isolates were
susceptible to ofloxacin and rifampicin. Conclusion. Amoxicillin could be the
therapy of choice in pediatric practice. The macrolides should not be
recommended for the empirical therapy of pneumococcal respiratory tract
infection in our local area.
Lower back pain - silent symptom of chronic infrarenal abdominal aneurysm rupture
Authors: Jukovic Mirela , Kokovic Tijana , Nikolic Dragan , Ilic Dalibor , Till Viktor
Published: April 2016

Introduction. The rupture of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm is a
surgical emergency condition with a high rate of mortality before the
patients arrive at hospital. The signs and symptoms of abdominal aortic
aneurysm rupture into the retroperitoneal cavity are pulsatile mass,
abdominal pain, hypotension and shock, but sometimes silent symptoms also
hide a dangerous and life threatening condition, such as chronic aneurysm
rupture of abdominal aorta into the retroperitoneal cavity. Case Report. We
present a patient having had the lower back pain for 4 months, which had been
recognized and treated as lumbar ischialgia but which was eventually
diagnosed to be chronic infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture by
computed tomography angiography. The surgical intervention was successful and
the patient was discharged from hospital after 6 days without any clinical
complications. Preoperative imaging by computed tomography angiography of
ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm is highly sensitive for detection of
several specific signs for rupture. This condition leads to urgent vascular
surgery.
Tranexamic acid in surgical treatment of scoliosis in children: A case report
Authors: Rakic Goran , Stanic Danica , Uram-Benka Anna , Pandurov Marina , Simin Jovana , Draskovic Biljana
Published: April 2016

Introduction. Children who are subjected to surgical treatment for scoliosis
usually end up receiving a lot of blood transfusions since they tend to lose
one or more blood volumes during the surgery. Tranexamic acid is an
antifibrinolytic agent, increasingly used in children to reduce perioperative
blood loss in various settings, including corrective surgery of scoliosis.
Case Report. A 12-year-old girl, weighing 44 kg, was admitted to our hospital
for scoliosis correction. She had congenital scoliosis caused by congenital
malformation of vertebrae. The surgery was performed under balanced general
anesthesia. Two central and one peripheral line were cannulated in case
massive transfusion would be required. Invasive monitoring was used, as well
as prevention of hypothermia. Since massive blood loss was expected, bolus of
tranexamic acid had been administered prior to the surgery. Tranexamic acid
was given continuously in an intravenous infusion during the surgery. Blood
loss was only 10 ml/kg, and since the hemoglobin value was borderline (89
g/l) during the surgery, the patient received 10 ml/kg of packed red blood
cells. The child was hemodynamically stable throughout the surgery. After the
completion of surgery, which lasted for 5 hours, the patient was extubated in
the operating room. Postoperatively, the patient was transferred to the
surgical ward. Hemoglobin values were stable and there was no need for
additional blood replacement. Conclusion. Extensive blood loss is common in
pediatric scoliosis correction surgery, transfusion being unavoidable in the
majority of cases. In our patient, tranexamic acid proved safe and effective
in reducing peri-operative blood loss and transfusion requirement.
Valproate, bipolar disorder and polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Okanovic Milana , Zivanovic Olga
Published: April 2016

Introduction. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a syndrome of ovarian
dysfunction with the principal features of hyperandrogenism and polycystic
ovary morphology. A large number of studies conducted on this topic have
suggested a possible role of anticonvulsants, particularly valproate, in the
pathogenesis or risk factors associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Bipolar treatment guidelines from Canada and the United States of America
recommend valproate as the first line strategy in the acute treatment of
bipolar disorder. Discussion. Most persons with bipolar disorder require
maintenance treatment. Long-term administration of valproate in women with
bipolar disorder or epilepsy is believed to result in the increased risk of
hyperandro?genism, menstrual abnormalities and polycystic ovaries. Valproate
may also increase the risk of infertility and other associated symptoms of
polycystic ovarian syndrome. Therefore, particular caution is indicated in
the use of valproate in women of reproductive age. Conclusion. The treatment
of the female patients with bipolar disorder presents various challenges for
the clinician. Every woman of reproductive age needs to know the risk and
benefits of her pharmacologic treatment options. Bipolar disorder should be
considered chronic disorder, whose development is largely affected by
hormonal changes and reproductive cycle in women. These issues should be
researched more thoroughly in order to opt for the most appropriate treatment
in women with bipolar disorder.