bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seeking adverse effects in systematic reviews of orthodontic interventions: a cross-sectional study (Part 1)
Authors: Steegmans Pauline A.J. , Girolamo Nicola Di , Bipat Shandra , Reynders Reint A Meursinge
Published: May 2022

Background
. Systematic reviews that assess the benefits of interventions often do not completely capture all dimensions of the adverse effects. This cross-sectional study (part 1 of 2 studies) assessed whether adverse effects were sought, whether the findings on these effects were reported, and what types of adverse effects were identified in systematic reviews of orthodontic interventions.
Methods
. Systematic reviews of orthodontic interventions on human patients of any health status, sex, age, and demographics, and socio-economic status, in any type of setting assessing any type of adverse effect scored at any endpoint or timing were eligible. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and 5 leading orthodontic journals were manually searched for eligible reviews between August 1 2009 and July 31 2021. Study selection and data extraction was conducted by two researchers independently. Prevalence proportions were calculated for four outcomes on seeking and reporting of adverse effects of orthodontic interventions. Univariable logistic regression models were used to determine the association between each one of these outcomes and the journal in which the systematic review was published using the eligible Cochrane reviews as reference.
Results.
98 eligible systematic reviews were identified. 35.7% (35/98) of reviews defined seeking of adverse effects as a research objective, 85.7% (84/98) sought adverse effects, 84.7% (83/98) reported findings related to adverse effects, and 90.8% (89/98) considered or discussed potential adverse effects in the review. Reviews in the journal Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research compared with Cochrane reviews had approximately 7 times the odds (OR 7.20, 95% CI 1.08 to 47.96) to define seeking of adverse effects in the research objectives. Five of the 12 categories of adverse effects accounted for 83.1% (162/195) of all adverse effects sought and reported.
Conclusions.
Although the majority of included reviews sought and reported adverse effects of orthodontic interventions, end-users of these reviews should beware that these findings do not give the complete spectrum on these effects and that they could be jeopardized by the risk of non-systematically assessing and reporting of adverse effects in these reviews and in the primary studies that feed them. Much research is ahead such as developing core outcome sets on adverse effects of interventions for both primary studies and systematic reviews.
A Theory-Informed Pre-Implementation Enhancement Strategy Targeting Mechanisms and Outcomes of Implementation: A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Yanchen , Cook Clayton , Larson Madeline , Azad Gazi , Merle James , Thayer Jordan , Pauls Alex , Lyon Aaron
Published: May 2022

Background
As the most common setting where youth access behavioral health services, the education sector frequently employs training and follow-up consultation as cornerstone implementation strategies to promote the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs). However, these strategies alone are not sufficient to promote desired implementation (e.g., intervention fidelity) and youth behavioral health outcomes (e.g., mitigated externalizing behaviors). Theory-informed pragmatic pre-implementation enhancement strategies (PIES) are needed to increase the yield of training and consultation. Specifically, social-cognitive theory explicates principles that inform the design of PIES content and specify mechanisms of behavior change (e.g., "intentions to implement"; ITI) to target to increase providers' responsiveness to training and consultation.
Methods
This triple-blind parallel randomized controlled trial preliminarily examined the efficacy of a pragmatic PIES based on social-cognitive theories (SC-PIES) to improve implementation and youth behavioral outcome from universal EBPs in the education sector. Teachers from a diverse urban district were recruited and randomly assigned to either the treatment (SC-PIES; n treatment = 22) or active control condition (administrative meeting; n control = 21). Based on the condition assigned, teachers received the SC-PIES (or met with administrators) before EBP training. We assessed teachers' ITI, intervention fidelity, and youth behavioral outcome (academic engagement as an incompatible behavior to externalizing disorders) at baseline, immediately after training, and six weeks afterward.
Results
A series of ANCOVAs detected sizeable effects of SC-PIES, where teachers who received SC-PIES demonstrated significantly larger improvement in their ITI, intervention fidelity, and youth behaviors as compared to the control. Conditional analyses indicated that teachers’ ITI partially mediated the effect of SC-PIES on intervention fidelity, which in turn led to improved youth behaviors.
Conclusions
Findings suggest that theory-informed pragmatic PIES targeting providers' ITI can potentially boost their responsiveness to implementation strategies, as reflected in improved implementation behaviors and youth behavioral health outcomes. The results have implications for targeting motivational mechanisms of behavior change and situating implementation strategies at the intersection between preparation and active implementation stages of an implementation process. Limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed and extended to general youth behavioral health settings.
Trial registration:
Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05240222. Registered on: 2/14/2022. Retrospectively registered. https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT05240222
Sexual dimorphism in a broadcast spawning coral, Porites lobata
Authors: Pedraza-Pohlenz Ricardo Mijail , Balart Eduardo F. , Tortolero-Langarica J. J. Adolfo , Rodríguez-Troncoso Alma Paola , Hellberg Michael E. , Norzagaray-López Orión , Cabral-Tena Rafael A. , Cupul-Magaña Amílcar Leví , Paz-García David A.
Published: May 2022

Sexual selection in gonochoristic corals should vary with the sex of the colony, which may lead to sexual dimorphism. Because coral colonies possess a complex morphological architecture composed of subunits (corallites), the degree of coordinated change among these subunits may be subject to divergent selection between sexes. This study tested for sexual dimorphism in the corallites of a reef-building coral Porites lobata, a free-spawner, and compared this with dimorphism of massive congeners, the brooder P. panamensis. Corallite area for male P. lobata was 17% larger than for conspecific females, perhaps due to enabling greater sperm release and fertilization success. Phenotypic modularity analysis (i.e., ability of subsets of traits to vary in a coordinated manner) showed that the integration of skeletal traits was similar between sexes in P. lobata but higher in males than females in P. panamensis. High integration may result in a more stable corallite morphology, while lower integration may permit a greater capacity for plasticity. Our results demonstrate corallite traits can be sexually dimorphic in free-spawning corals and suggest that between-sex differences in the degree of corallite integration may vary with reproductive mode.
An Immune-Related Clinical-Gene-Risk-Score (CGRS) prognosis Model for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Liu Sanhe , Duan Liqun , Wang Yiqi , Cui Diansheng , Deng Kangli , Wei Shaozhong , Dong Zhiqiang
Published: May 2022

Background Immunotherapy for bladder cancer is prevalent, while the efficacy is uncertain. To predict the outcomes of immunotherapy in bladder cancer patients, an immune-related prognosis model was conducted in this study. Methods Single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was used to delineate the landscape of the tumor immune microenvironment based on two independent public databases. Hierarchical clustering analysis and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding cluster map were used to classify the bladder cancers in the training cohort as well as the validating cohort into the immune high and immune low subtypes. Differentially expression analysis and The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis had identified 23 differentially expressed immune-related genes between the two subtype patients to build a prognostic gene risk score model. Further combining the model with other clinicopathologic signatures, a Clinical-Gene-Risk-Score (CGRS) prognosis model was developed. Results Validations of the two models in independent cohorts revealed good accuracy. Conclusions Our model could provide prognostic indicators and potential immunotherapeutic targets for bladder cancers.
Identification of hub genes in the subacute spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Yan Lei , Fu Jiawei , Dong Xiong , Chen Baishen , Hong Hongxiang , Cui Zhiming
Published: May 2022

Background
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common trauma in clinical practices. Subacute SCI is mainly characterized by neuronal apoptosis, axonal demyelination, Wallerian degeneration, axonal remodeling, and glial scar formation. It has been discovered in recent years that inflammatory responses are particularly important in subacute SCI. However, the mechanisms mediating inflammation are not completely clear.
Methods
The gene expression profiles of GSE20907, GSE45006, and GSE464 were downloaded from the GEO database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) were performed using R software, and functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were performed using Metascape. Module analysis was performed using Cytoscape. Finally, the relative mRNA expression level of central genes was verified by RT-PCR.
Results
A total of 206 candidate genes were identified, including 164 up-regulated genes and 42 down-regulated genes. The PPI network was evaluated, and the candidate genes enrichment results were mainly related to the production of tumor necrosis factors and innate immune regulatory response. Twelve core genes were identified, including 10 up-regulated genes and 2 down-regulated genes. Finally, seven hub genes with statistical significance in both the RT-PCR results and expression matrix were identified, namely Itgb1, Ptprc, Cd63, Lgals3, Vav1, Shc1, and Casp4. They are all related to the activation process of microglia.
Conclusion
In this study, we identified the hub genes and signaling pathways involved in subacute SCI using bioinformatics methods, which may provide a molecular basis for the future treatment of SCI.
Volatiles from the endophytic bacteria Bacillus sp. T6 confer Verticillium resistance in cotton
Authors: Wang Yu , Lei Shengwei , Zhang Hongxin , Liu Ziyang , Yang Jianwei , Niu Qiuhong , Zhang Lin
Published: May 2022

[Aims] To obtain the endophytic bacteria with Verticillium wilt-resistance and explore the interactions between soil and plants. [Methods] Active tracking screening experiments were used to isolate the target strains. Morphological examination and 16s rRNA sequence analysis were performed to identify the strain. GC-mass spectrometry was used to explore the inhibition factor. Transcriptome analysis was carried out to explore the potential genes. Molecular docking and qRT PCR were used to validate the gene function. [Results] An endophytic bacterium Bacillus sp. T6 was obtained from the Verticillium wilt-resistant cotton Gossypium barbadense ‘Xinhai15’. The strain possessed strong antagonistic abilities that inhibited V. dahliae spore germination and mycelial growth without contact, and thus, it was speculated that the active factor of the bacteria might be volatile compounds. A total of 46 volatile substances were detected. The styrene produced by the T6 strain was the main virulence factor. Following styrene induction, 247 genes in V. dahliae, including genes of four hydrolase, eight dehydrogenase, 11 reductase, and 17 genes related to transport and transfer were upregulated. Additionally, 72 genes, including two chitinase, two protease, five transport-related, and 33 hypothetical protein genes, were downregulated. The expression of the four genes VDAG_02838, VDAG_09554, VDAG_045572, and VDAG_08251 was increased by 3.18, 78.83, 2.71, and 2.92 times, respectively, compared with the uninduced control group. [Conclusions] The research provides a new reference for the development and application of the volatile compounds of endophytic bacteria as new biocontrol agents for the control of Verticillium wilt and as biological preservatives for agricultural products.
Blood pressure outcomes to different exercise modes in African Americans: a systematic review
Authors: Tomlinson Sherldine
Published: May 2022

Background
Exercise interventions have been established to help control blood pressure (BP) in African American cardiac patients. The research is limited in comparing the various types, modes, or exercise intensities and examines the most beneficial to lower BP in non-European groups, specifically African Americans.
Objectives
This systematic review aimed to investigate the blood pressure (BP) response to different exercise training modes and workloads in African American adults with or without hypertension (HTN).
Methods
A systematic literature search was carried out with two databases to search for relevant manuscripts related to exercise training.
Results
Nine papers met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. Two of the nine studies did not report a significant difference in BP from baseline to post-exercise. The most common exercise mode was walking at moderate to high intensity, specifically among female participants.
Conclusions
The results supported and are consistent with other research showing that all exercise modes can control and lower BP, but found walking more appealing with African American women.
Mirror-induced reflection in the frequency domain
Authors: Hu Yaowen , Yu Mengjie , Sinclair Neil , Zhu Di , Cheng Rebecca , Wang Cheng , Lončar Marko
Published: May 2022

Mirrors are ubiquitous in optics and are used to control the propagation of optical signals in space. Here we propose and demonstrate frequency domain mirrors that provide reflections of the optical energy in a frequency synthetic dimension, using electro-optic modulation. First, we theoretically explore the concept of frequency mirrors with the investigation of propagation loss, and reflectivity in the frequency domain. Next, we explore the mirror formed through polarization mode-splitting in a thin-film lithium niobate micro-resonator. By exciting the Bloch waves of the synthetic frequency crystal with different wave vectors, we show various states formed by the interference between forward propagating and reflected waves. Finally, we expand on this idea, and generate tunable frequency mirrors as well as demonstrate trapped states formed by these mirrors using coupled lithium niobate micro-resonators. The ability to control the flow of light in the frequency domain could enable a wide range of applications, including the study of random walks, boson sampling, frequency comb sources, optical computation, and topological photonics. Furthermore, demonstration of optical elements such as cavities, lasers, and photonic crystals in the frequency domain, may be possible.
Research on the clinical value of ultrasound diagnosis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Hu Ling
Published: May 2022

Background To explore the diagnostic value of ultrasound in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Method The clinical data of 96 neonatal respiratory distress syndrome cases treated in our hospital from July 2015 to October 2017 were retrospectively analysed. According to the results of chest X-ray examinations, the patients were divided into the mild group (55 cases) and severe group (41 cases). All children were required to undergo ultrasound examination before treatment, 12 hours after treatment and 24 hours after treatment. The ultrasound findings and ultrasound scores were compared between the two groups. Result The ultrasound score in the mild group was lower than in the severe group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the ultrasound score between the pulmonary surfactant (PS) treatment group and the non-PS treatment group before treatment (P > 0.05). The ultrasound score of the non-PS treatment group was higher than the PS treatment at each time after treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound can effectively evaluate the severity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. In addition, ultrasound scores can be used as an important index for evaluating and quantifying the severity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
Settlements and angular distortions of shallow foundations on liquefiable soil
Authors: Baris Anna , Modoni Giuseppe , Paolella Luca , Salvatore Erminio , Spacagna Rose Line
Published: May 2022

The huge impact caused by liquefaction during past earthquakes has raised the need for predictive formulas applicable at the large scale to forecast the movement in the foundation caused by the seismic liquefaction phenomenon in sands. A method herein developed with this aim to quantify angular distortion of framed low-rise buildings based on simple characterization of the seismic input, subsoil and structure. The analysis moves from past literature criteria introduced to quantify the vulnerability of buildings under static conditions and extends their applicability to liquefaction assessment integrating recent literature predictive formulas, parametric two-dimensional numerical analyses and artificial neural networks. Numerical calculation, performed for variable stratigraphic and mechanical characteristics of the subsoil, ground motion and equivalent flexural stiffness of the building, quantifies the role of each factor on the absolute settlement and angular distortion. Then the dependency on the different factors of the angular distortion is inferred with an artificial neural network (ANN), grouping parameters to limit the number of input variables and express results with charts that make prediction more accessible.
Determinants of Comprehensive HIV knowledge among reproductive-age women in Gambia: Further analysis of recent Gambia demographic and health survey
Authors: Tsegaw Menen , Mulat Bezawit , Shitu Kegnie
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Globally there were 37.7 million people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV is a major global public health problem with disproportionally highest burden in sub-Saharan Africa accounting 70% of the global burden of infection.Objective: To assess factors associated with comprehensive knowledge on HIV among reproductive-age women in GambiaMethods: This study was based on a large community-based cross-sectional survey, conducted from 21 November 2019 to 30 March 2020 in Gambia. The survey employed a stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique to recruit study participants. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to summarize descriptive data and identify factors associated with HIV comprehensive knowledge respectively. A p-value of less than 0.05 and 95% confidence interval were used to determine statistical significance.Results: A total of 11,865 weighted sample of reproductive age women were included in the study with a mean age of 28.21(±9.33) which ranges from 15 to 49 years. Older age (AOR=1.21 (95%CI: 1.17,1.25)),being married (AOR=0.71 (95%CI: 0.61, 0.81)), using contraceptive (AOR=1.15 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.31)),secondary and higher education (AOR=2.17(95%CI:1.91, 2.45)),and(AOR=4.73 (95%CI: 3.86, 5.81)) respectively, middle and rich wealth quintile (AOR=1.29 (95%CI:1.11, 1.49)),and (AOR=1.61 (95%CI: 1.37, 1.87)), media exposure (AOR=1.76 (95%CI:1.39, 2.23)), ever tested for HIV (AOR=1.56 (95%CI: 1.41,1.73)), used internet (AOR=1.43 (95%CI:1.28,1.59)) and visited health facility within the last 12 months( AOR=1.26(95%CI:1.13,1.40)) were significantly associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge.Conclusion: socio-demographic factors, contraceptive use, media exposure, tested for HIV, internet use and visiting health facility was significantly and positively associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge except being married and residing in Basse region in which they associated negatively and significantly. Health managers, policy makers and intended stakeholders working on this area should consider those factors while designing health intervention programs to enhance comprehensive HIV knowledge among reproductive age women. Educational interventions about HIV/AIDS prevention mechanisms should be designed especially for married women and lower socio-economic status .Efforts has to be made to address those disparities at the national level.
Identification of ENO1 as a prognostic biomarker and molecular target among ENOs in bladder cancer
Authors: Huang Zhengnan , Yan Yilin , Wang Tengjiao , Wang Zeyi , Cai Jinming , Cao Xiangqian , Yang Chenkai , Zhang Fang , Wu Gang , Shen Bing
Published: May 2022

Background: Enolase is an essential enzyme in the process of glycolysis and has been implicated in cancer progression. Though dysregulation of ENOs has been reported in multiple cancers, their prognostic value and specific role in bladder cancer (BLCA) remain unclear.Methods: Multiple databases were employed to examine the expression of ENOs in BLCA. The expression of ENO1 was also validated in BLCA cell lines and tissue samples by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier analysis, ROC curve, univariate and multivariate Cox regression were performed to evaluate the predictive capability of the ENO1. Gene ontology (GO) and Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) analysis were employed to perform the biological processes enrichment. The correlation of signature with immune cell infiltration was explored by CIBERSORT. Results: By analyzing three ENO isoforms in multiple databases, we identified that ENO1 was the only significantly upregulated gene in BLCA. High expression level of ENO1 was further confirmed in BLCA tissue samples. Aberrant ENO1 overexpression was associated with clinicopathological characteristics and unfavorable prognosis. Furthermore, the expression level of ENO1 was correlated with the infiltration levels of immune cells and immune-related functions.Conclusions: Taken together, our results indicated that ENO1 might serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for prognosticating prognosis associated with the tumor immune microenvironment, suggesting that ENO1 could be a potential immune-related target against BLCA.
Analysis of risk factors for lymphatic metastasis in patients diagnosed with early gastric cancer
Authors: Paredes Oscar , Baca Carlos , Luque-Vasquez Carlos , Chavez Ivan , Ruiz Eloy , Berrospi Francisco , Payet Eduardo
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the clinicopathological factors associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients diagnosed with early gastric cancer (EGC) and treated with radical gastrectomy.
Methods
Patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer from January 1990 to December 2019 were identified from a prospectively compiled database.Patients with pathological diagnoses of EGC were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors associated with LNM.
Results
From 501 patients with EGC, 96(19.2%) presented LNM.In 279 patients with tumors with submucosal infiltration(T1b), 83(30%) patients had LNM. Among 219 patients who presented tumors > 3cm, 63(29%) patients had LNM. Thirty-one percent of patients with ulcerated tumors presented LMN(33 out of 105). In 76 patients and 24 patients with lymphovascular and perineural invasion, the percentage of LMN was 84% and 87%,respectively. In the univariate analysis, tumor diameter > 3cm, undifferentiated tumors, ulcerated tumors, submucosal invasion, lymphovascular, and perineural invasion showed a significant association with the presence of LNM.In the multivariate analysis, a tumor size > 3cm, submucosal invasion, lymphovascular, and perineural invasion were independent predictors of LMN in EGC. Patients who presented differentiated tumors, without ulceration, infiltration of the mucosa, and a tumor diameter ≤ 2cm, none presented LNM. Four patients(3%) who complied with the new Japanese indications for endoscopic treatment presented LNM.
Conclusions
The presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with EGC was independently related to larger tumors (tumor diameter > 3cm), submucosal invasion, lymphovascular and perineural invasion.
What AlphaFold teaches us about deep learning with prior knowledge
Authors: Landgrebe Jobst
Published: May 2022

Machine learning has reached a maturity level in which improvements depend less on network architecture than on the availability of high-quality training data or of usable prior knowledge. Because the former are very expensive to obtain, more and more groups are trying to use prior knowledge in the form of ontologies or other structured knowledge representation formats to advance the boundaries of AI. Here, I review two approaches to endowing stochastic models with prior knowledge: via probabilistic networks and via deep learning with priors. I analyse the latter in detail using AlphaFold, a well-known example of a deep neural network model, designed for the prediction of protein structures. While AlphaFold is an impressive example of a human cultural achievement that demonstrates one elegant and effective usage of prior knowledge for stochastic learning, it has limitations related to the upper boundaries of the types of processes which can be automated using Turing machines. As the analysis confirms, such machines can only compute inferences within the boundaries of established knowledge; they cannot create any new knowledge. AlphaFold can indeed predict many protein structures; but only those proteins which are homologous to proteins whose structures have already been experimentally established. Other proteins will still have to be analysed using experiments in the classical, time- and resource-consuming fashion.
Significant differences in the microarchitecture and volumetric mineral density of bone assessed by HR-PQCT in patients with 21- and 17α-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Sun Xu , Wu Yijun , Lu Lin , Xia Weibo , Zhang Li , Chen Shi , Nie Min , Zheng Guangyao , Su Wan , Zhu Huijuan , Lu Zhaolin
Published: May 2022

Purpose
Due to disturbances in hormones and long-term glucocorticoid replacement therapy, congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia (CAH) patients are at risk of impaired bone structure and metabolism. The current study investigats bone microarchitecture in 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) and 17α-hydroxylase deficiency (17OHD) patients using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT).
Methods
A total of thirty-eight 21OHD and sixteen 17OHD patients were recruited with controls matched for age and sex at a ratio of 1:3. All underwent HR-pQCT scans of the nondominant radius and tibia. Comparisons of HR-pQCT indices between each cohort and the matched controls or between the two cohorts were conducted. Spearman analyses and multiple linear regression were performed to reveal the relations between clinical characteristics and HR-pQCT indices.
Results
Compared with the 17OHD group, the 21OHD group predominated in Tt.vBMD (P < 0.001), Ct.vBMD (P < 0.001), and Tb.vBMD (P < 0.001) at the radius. Comparisons of clinical characteristics between the two cohorts showed that 17OHD patients were taller, weighed more, and had higher levels of fasting blood glucose with shorter treatment course. Further correlation analyses revealed that some characteristics, such as height and FSH, contributed significantly to bone differences in HR-pQCT indices. However, treatment dosage and time were not correlated, indicating that the current glucocorticoid doses were within safety limits for bone impairment.
Conclusions
21OHD and 17OHD patients had different bone characteristics in BMD, the cortex and the trabecula, as assessed by HR-pQCT. Clinical manifestations, especially sex hormones and height, may contribute to these differences.
Serum levels of Vitamin D3, Zinc, and Parathyroid Hormone in HCV-induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Running Title: Vitamin D3, Zinc, Parathyroid Hormone and HCV-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Khattab Mahmoud A. , Abdelaziz Mohammad Omar , Mohamad Arwa , Matta Ragaa , Hassan Hatem , Khalil Eman Hussein , Mokhtar Fatma , Fouad Magdy , Moness Hend M. , Khattab Muhammed , Adel Nashwa , Ahmed Elham
Published: May 2022

Background: The role of the metabolic syndrome in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been extensively reported, however, the role of other individual metabolic variables in development of HCC in HCV infected patients is still not clear. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of Parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D3 and Zinc, serum levels as non-traditional metabolic risk factors in development of HCV-related HCC. Methods: Serum levels of vitamin D3, Zinc, PTH, calcium, and phosphorus were determined in HCV infected patients with and without HCC. Results: Our results show significantly higher age, male sex, aspartate transaminase (AST), PTH and corrected serum calcium levels in the HCC patients compared to values in the other two groups, (p<0.001); while significant lower vitamin D3 and zinc levels were detected among the HCC patients compared to patients with non-HCC liver cirrhosis and CHC, (p<0.001). Vitamin D3 deficiency was detected in 96% of the HCC patients, while it was detected in only 22.5% of the cirrhotic patients and in none of the CHC patients, (p<0.001). However, on multiple stepwise regression analysis, only the age, AST, PTH, and corrected calcium levels were the independent predictors for HCC when studied in relation to chronic liver disease. Conclusions: This study indicates the prevalent high PTH and calcium levels along with deficient vitamin D3 and zinc levels in HCV-induced HCC patients. However, a causal relationship between the low levels of Vitamin D3 and Zinc in relation to HCC development is not established in this study.
Contributions on personality traits between parent ‐ adolescent interaction in anorexia nervosa at onset: control-case study
Authors: Sepulveda Ana Rosa , Mondrgón Laura Rodríguez - , Moreno Alba , Anastasiadou Dimitra , Graell Montserrat
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe aim of the study was to examine the relationship between personality traits of parents and their daughters with AN by case-control study. Method50 adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa (AN) and both parents were measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory Revised (TCI-R), the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) was used to assess eating symptoms. ResultsThe results were compared with matched 50 controls girls without pathology (CG) and their parents. AN group and adolescent of CG did not differ in personality traits. Mothers and fathers in AN group showed significant differences in temperamental and character traits compared to mothers and fathers in CG. Both parents in AN group showed similar levels in personality traits. Regarding to correlations between personality traits in mothers and their daughters in the AN group, complementary relationships were found in mothers harm avoidance and daughters cooperativeness and fantasy, while in fathers and daughters associations between reward dependence, persistence and self-directedness. The only scale that discriminated between the two groups was drive for thinness between AN-G and CG (classification: 74.7%). Conclusion Evaluating and knowing the different personality traits in adolescents, mothers and fathers at the onset of AN will allow improvements in the intervention in the early phases. Level of evidenceIII: evidence obtained from well-designed case–control study.
Identification of a Pyroptosis-Related LncRNA Signature as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Wei , Liu Qi , Chen Liuhua , Teng Chaxiang , Ou Zhejian , Liu Hanxiao , Zhang Kunsong
Published: May 2022

Background: Liver cancer is considered one of the prevalent malignancies, of which most are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Pyroptosis is a form of inflammation that can mediate cellular programmed death. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is one of the non-coding RNAs which performs powerful biological functions, and they exert an irreplaceable role in the regulation of many biological processes. However, pyroptosis-related lncRNAs expression and their correlation to the HCC patient prognosis remain to be investigated.Methods: Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we built a pyroptosis-related multi-lncRNA signature to predict the HCC patient prognosis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression method was used to construct a pyroptosis-associated lncRNA signature to classify all HCC patients into high- and low-risk groups.Results: The low-risk group patients have a better prognosis. We identified the risk score as an independently predictor in HCC patients. Furthermore, chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity (gemcitabine, doxorubicin, mitomycin C and sorafenib), and immune cell expression (NK cells resting, Mast cells resting, M0 macrophages, Monocytes and CD8 T cells) showed significantly different infiltration degree between the two groups. We identified SC-5608, anisomycin and vancomycin as possible potential drug targets for the high-risk group patients. We performed enrichment analysis for the differential genes in the two groups of patients. Intriguingly, the result showed that targeting the wnt/β-catenin signal pathway could help to develop treatment strategies for patients with HCC. Conclusions: In conclusively, we found a signature of pyroptosis-related lncRNA for predicting independent HCC patient prognosis. The study provides new insights for reliably and accurately predicting prognosis and developing therapeutic strategies for HCC patients.
Perinatal outcomes and risk factors for epidural analgesia-associated intrapartum maternal fever: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Hui , Yang Zai-Ping , Wei Si-Yi , Xia Li-Na , Li Yan , Wu Xiao-Feng , Lin Xian-Hua , Lu Feng
Published: May 2022

Background: Epidural analgesia (EA) increases the risks of maternal fever during labor, which is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, while the risk factors for the phenomenon of epidural-associated fever and future strategies for minimizing these effects remain unknown. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 325 pregnant women who attended our institution for a vaginal in-hospital delivery, including 208 voluntarily accepted EA women and 117 pregnant women who did not receive EA. During labor, 208 EA women were subgrouped into the Fever group (n = 42, an axillary temperature ≥ 37.5 °C during labor), and None-fever group (n = 166). The outcome measures include main maternal and neonatal outcomes, labor time, duration of EA, and total EA amount. Results: 42 out of 208 women with EA presented fever during labor, higher than that in women without EA (20.19% vs. 0.85%). Maternal fever had increased risks for conversion to surgery ((Adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 4.05; 95% CI, 1.44 to 11.39)) and neonatal infections (5.13; 1.98 to 13.29) compared to the None-Fever group. While maternal fever didn’t increase the risks for assisted vaginal delivery, fetal distress and admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)，it was predominantly associated with primiparity and less times of gravity. Frequent cervical examinations, duration of first stage and total labor, and duration of EA and total EA amount were positively correlated with the incidence of fever. Furthermore, after stratifying risk factors into subgroups, we found that more frequent cervical examinations (≥ 7 times) and longer duration of first stage (≥ 442.5min), total labor time (≥ 490min), EA (≥ 610.0min) increased the risks of epidural-associated fever after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Conclusions: EA increases the risk of intrapartum epidural-associated fever, which is correlated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Nulliparity, less times of gravidity, more than 7 times of cervical examinations, more amount of EA volume, prolonged duration of EA and total labor time are the risk factors for epidural-associated fever, which provide us insights and strategies to prevent epidural-associated fever in a safer and more effective way.
Ptn-Ov synergistic sites on MoOx/γ-Mo2N heterostructure for low-temperature reverse water‒gas shift reaction
Authors: Liu Hao-xin , Li JinYing , Qin Xuetao , Ma Chao , Wang Wei-Wei , Xu Kai , Yan Han , Xiao Dequan , Jia Chun-Jiang , Fu Qiang , Ma Ding
Published: May 2022

In heterogeneous catalysis, the interface between active metal and support plays a key role in catalyzing various reactions. Specially, the synergistic effect between active metals and oxygen vacancies on support can greatly promote catalytic efficiency. However, the construction of high-density metal-vacancy synergistic sites on catalyst surface is very challenging. In this work, isolated Pt atoms were first deposited onto a very thin-layer of MoO3 surface stabilized on γ-Mo2N. Subsequently, the Pt-MoOx/γ-Mo2N catalyst, containing abundant Pt cluster-oxygen vacancy (Ptn-Ov) sites, was in situ constructed. This catalyst exhibited an unmatched activity and excellent stability in the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction at low temperature (300 ºC). Systematic in situ characterizations illustrated that the MoO3 structure on the γ-Mo2N surface could easily deoxidize into MoOx (2
Association of immediate postoperative hemodynamic and laboratory values in predicting Norwood admission outcomes
Authors: Loomba Rohit , Dyamenahalli Umesh , Savorgnan Fabio , Acosta Sebastian , Villarreal Enrique , Farias Juan , Wong Joshua , Flores Saul
Published: May 2022

Background
The primary objective of this study was to determine whether or not hemodynamic parameters and laboratory values at the time of admission to the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit after the Norwood operation were associated with a composite outcome of either need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or inpatient mortality.
Methods
This was a single-center retrospective study of infants with functionally univentricular hearts admitted to intensive care after the Norwood procedure from January 2011 to January 2020. Data were obtained at a single point(after a Norwood procedure) and then compared between two subsets of patients based on the presence or not of the composite outcome of interest. In univariate and multiple regression analyses, a series of receiver operator curves were generated to assess the relationship between the variables of interest and the composite outcome.
Results
Eight(7.6%) experienced the composite outcome out of a total of 104 patients. Those who experienced the composite endpoint had significantly higher oxygen extraction ratio (0.43 vs. 0.31, p = 0.01), lower systemic blood flow (2.5 L/min versus 3.1 L/min, p = 0.01), and higher systemic vascular resistance (20.2 indexed woods units versus 14.8 indexed woods units, p = 0.01). Those with systemic blood flow of less than 2.5 L/min/m2 had a 17% risk of experiencing the composite endpoint AUC = 0.79. Those with systemic vascular resistance of greater than 19 indexed woods units had a 22% risk of experiencing the composite endpoint AUC 0.80.
Conclusion
Systemic blood flow and systemic vascular resistance are independently associated with this composite outcome.
Fine-scale habitat suitability and connectivity analysis for the core populations of Yellow-spotted mountain pond-breeding newt (Neurergus derjugini) in the west of Iran and east of Iraq
Authors: Karami Peyman , tavakoli Sajad , Esmaeili Mina
Published: May 2022

The evolutionary characteristics of amphibians, especially those more water-dependent, have faced the study of habitat connectivity the challenge of Movement Context (MC), a context for which water and moisture are an integral part. This fine-scale study was conducted to evaluate the distribution of N. derjugini and identify potential displacement paths between the population cores, using the physical elements of the landscape playing an MC role. The distribution modeling was performed by MaxEnt and the inverse of the habitat suitability map was used as the cost map. The connection of population cores was modeled by the Linkage Mapper toolbox. The MC of the population cores was set in the drainage basins regarding the slope position and landform classes. Three scenarios were considered. In Scenario 1, drainage basins, in Scenario 2, the valleys, and in Scenario 3, canyons, shallow valleys, headwaters, and u-shaped valleys were considered MCs. According to the results, slope and altitude variability had the highest effect on the distribution of N. derjugini. The results showed that the proxy did not work well in Scenario 1. Compared to Scenario 2, the connection paths of Scenario 3 were more compatible with the ecological and biological characteristics of the species. fine-scale modeling could lead to reliable results for the displacement of MC-dependent species. The connectivity of the physical structure of landscapes plays a critical role in the connectivity of population cores. Proper distribution of population cores adjacent to each other in valleys and waterways can be considered a successful step in communication.
Cellular uptake and localization of Hematoporphyrin derivatives in lung adenocarcinoma A549, squamous carcinoma H520 and small cell carcinoma H446 cell lines
Authors: Ma Yijiang , Ding Xiaoqian , Sui Aihua , Yang Xiaohui , Cui Shichao , Cao Yiwei , Lin Cunzhi
Published: May 2022

Objective
To select bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cell line as control, cellular uptake and localization of Hematoporphyrin derivatives (HPD) were compared between normal bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and different lung cancer cell lines (lung adenocarcinoma A549, lung squamous carcinoma H520 and lung small cell carcinoma H446), as well as among lung cancer cell lines.
Methods
The standard curve of HPD was drawn based on the fluorescence intensity of different concentrations of HPD measured by a multifunctional microplate reader. Cellular uptake of HPD was quantified by fluorescence intensity with a multifunctional microplate reader and flow cytometry. Cellular distribution of HPD was observed and compared by laser scanning confocal microscopy.
Results
In a certain concentration range, HPD concentration was positively correlated with fluorescence intensity. Cellular uptake of HPD increased with time. HPD was rapidly accumulated in BEAS-2B, A549 and H446 cells after incubating with HPD for 12h, while the uptake rate of HPD was slow in H520 cells and accelerated after 24h. In the 24h and 48h experimental groups, the average fluorescence intensity in the four cells was significantly different (P < 0.0001), and the average fluorescence intensity in A549 cells was higher than that in H446, BEAS-2B, and H520 cells. However, the mean fluorescence intensity of H446 and BEAS-2B cells had no statistical difference (P = 0.0766 > 0.05), and both were higher than those of H520 cells (P < 0.001). The four cell lines showed red fluorescent signals of varying intensities, and all were distributed in the cytoplasm.
Conclusion
In vitro experiments show that there are differences in HPD uptake between normal cell lines and lung cancer cell lines and between different types of lung cancer cell lines. The ability to take HPD in A549 cells is the strongest, followed by BEAS-2B cells and H446 cells, and the uptake ability of HPD in H520 cells is the weakest. The photosensitizer HPD is located in the cytoplasm of both cell lines, showing a punctate distribution.
Entanglement and quantum correlations in the XX spin-1/2 honeycomb lattice
Authors: Satoori Sahar , Mahdavifar Saeed , Vahedi Javad
Published: May 2022

The ground state phase diagram of the dimerized spin-1/2 XX honeycomb model in presence of a transverse magnetic field (TF) is known. With the absence of the magnetic field, two quantum phases, namely, the Néel and the dimerized phases have been identified. Moreover, canted Néel and the paramagnetic (PM) phases also emerge by applying the magnetic field. In this paper, using two complementary numerical exact techniques, Lanczos exact diagonalization, and Density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) methods, we study this model by focusing on the quantum correlations, the concurrence, and the quantum discord (QD) among nearest-neighbor spins. We show that the quantum correlations can capture the position of the quantum critical points in the whole range of the ground state phase diagram consistent with previous results. Although the concurrence and the QD are short-range, informative about long-ranged critical correlations. In addition, we address a “magnetic-entanglement” behavior that starts from an entangled field around the saturation field.
Effect of Inferior Rectus Muscle Recession on Intraocular Pressure in Thyroid Eye Disease Patients with Ocular Hypertension
Authors: Wu Yu-Chieh , Wang Chun-Yuan , Wei Li-Chen
Published: May 2022

● BACKGROUND: To study the effect of inferior rectus muscle recession on intraocular pressure (IOP) in thyroid eye disease (TED) patients with ocular hypertension.● METHODS: This is a retrospective, observational case series. The medical records of patients with ocular hypertension, despite use of antiglaucoma medications, and restrictive myopathy secondary to thyroid eye disease who underwent inferior rectus muscle recession from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2021 were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. Seven eyes from six patients met the criteria and were included in this study. All patients were examined at Taichung Veterans General Hospital, a tertiary referral center. The main outcome measure was IOP readings obtained before and after surgery in both primary gaze (hypotropia) and upgaze (or attempted upgaze).● RESULTS: A statistically significant decrease in IOP in primary gaze (hypotropia) and upgaze (or attempted upgaze) was noted after inferior rectus muscle recession. The median IOP before surgery was 24.0 mmHg in primary gaze and 30.5 mmHg in upgaze. After strabismus surgery, the median IOP after one week was 18.0 mm Hg in primary gaze and 20.0 mmHg in upgaze; the median IOP one month after surgery was 15.0 mmHg in primary gaze and 16.5 mmHg in upgaze; the median IOP 3 months after surgery was 12.5 mmHg in primary gaze and 13.5 mmHg in upgaze; the median IOP 12 months after surgery was 15.5 mmHg in primary gaze (overall P = .001) and 17.0 mmHg in upgaze (overall P = .001). All eyes were treated with three to four antiglaucoma medications before the surgery. Four eyes discontinued all preoperative medications within 3 months after the surgery. The other three eyes kept using preoperative medications.● CONCLUSIONS: Inferior rectus muscle recession resulted in a significant and sustained reduction in IOP in patients with ocular hypertension and restrictive myopathy secondary to thyroid eye disease.