bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bio‐Inspired Untethered Automatic Light Harvesting System Based on Liquid Crystal Elastomers Tubular Actuator
Authors: Qi Chun , Guo Yuao , Liu Yanjun , Luo Dan
Published: March 2023

An artificial phototropism system with autonomous intelligence is critical for the development of an autonomous light‐harvesting system. However, a current technology for artificial phototropism light‐harvesting system with the motor system is capable of accurate direction with high efficiency but still limited to bulky and expensive. Inspired by nature, artificial phototropism systems based on photo‐responsive smart soft material liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) are developed to follow the light direction but are still limited by a low payload that is not suitable for practical application. Herein, an untethered automatic light‐harvesting system with artificial phototropism is proposed. This system combines the advantages of the LCE actuator and electrical control system and is capable of adjusting the solar cell facing the sun automatically through controls of bending and rotation of the LCE tubular actuator to maximize the absorption of solar energy. Compared with the traditional mini photovoltaic panels, the absorption efficiency of solar energy by the light‐harvesting system is increased by 27.68% for the whole day and 230.15% in the morning or dawn sunlight with a small incident angle. The proposed untethered automatic light‐harvesting system is compact, inexpensive, and can provide a large payload, showing great application potential in solar automation and robot systems, and energy‐saving fields.
A New Method of AFM‐Based Nanolithography Using Frequency Enhanced Electrochemical Pressure Solution Etching
Authors: Fraysse Kilian Shani , MacLeod Alastair J. N. , Gates Will P. , Langley Daniel P. , Greene George W.
Published: March 2023

A new method of direct‐write nanolithography that is able to rapidly etch silica surfaces under a scanning atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe in tapping mode (TM) is reported. In this lithography technique, silica surfaces are etched using a recently described electro‐chemo‐mechanical phenomenon of frequency enhanced electrochemical pressure solution (FEEPS). In FEEPS, the tapping of the AFM tip generates oscillations of the Stern potential at the silica‐water interface that can accelerate the silica dissolution kinetics by more than 5–6 orders of magnitude when surface resonance states are achieved; i.e., when the oscillation frequency is in phase with the dynamics of interfacial chemical reaction steps. By scanning silica surfaces in TM, silica is selectively dissolved below the tapping tip as it is scanned. The FEEPS accelerated silica dissolution rates can generate etched features with depths of more than 60 nm in a single AFM tip pass. The rate of etching can be controlled easily by varying the scanning rate or by modulating the tapping frequency. This fine control over the silica etching process and because material is removed (dissolved) rather than displaced as with nanoscratching, the FEEPS process lends itself to gray‐scale nanolithography which is demonstrated.
Multimodal Sensing in Stroke Motor Rehabilitation
Authors: Zhao Zihe , Wang Jiaqi , Wang Shengbo , Wang Rui , Lu Yao , Yuan Yan , Chen Junliang , Dai Yanning , Liu Yong , Wang Xiaomeng , Pan Yu , Gao Shuo
Published: March 2023

Applying sensors in biomedical institutions and home‐based stroke rehabilitation is now a global research focus. In this review paper, the relationship between stroke diseases’ physiology mechanism and diverse sensors’ functionalities is detailed explained. The review starts by interpreting how stroke influences motion abilities and then introduces broadly adopted physical training methods. After, the working principles of sensors and their use to objectively provide patients’ body information for stroke rehabilitation status are discussed. The content of the paper aims to not only review the state‐of‐the‐art works of developing sensors for assisting in evaluating stroke patients’ status but also bridging the gap between medical staff and engineers.
DNA Composites and Applications in Bioanalysis
Authors: Fang Zheng , Li Min , Zuo Xiaolei
Published: March 2023

DNA combined with other functional nanomaterials plays crucial roles in biomedical areas, including bio‐detection, bioimaging, as well as disease diagnosis and treatment. Rapid advances in DNA composites for biological applications have been achieved during the past few decades. In this review, it is first summarized the synthesis methods of DNA composites with inorganic core and organic core, as well as the applications of DNA composites in cancer diagnosis. The in vitro detection of various disease biomarkers and in vivo tumor imaging using DNA composites are introduced. Finally, main challenges and the new frontiers in the field of using DNA composites for cancer diagnosis are summarized.
Synthesis of a π‐Extended Double [9]Helicene
Authors: Tan Jingyun , Xu Xiushang , Liu Jun , Vasylevskyi Serhii , Lin Zesen , Kabe Ryota , Zou Yingping , Müllen Klaus , Narita Akimitsu , Hu Yunbin
Published: March 2023

Double helicenes are appealing chiral frameworks. Their π‐extension is desirable to achieve (chir)optical response in the visible and near‐infrared (NIR) region, but access to higher double [n]helicenes (n≥8) has remained challenging. Herein, we report an unprecedented π‐extended double [9]helicene (D9H), unambiguously revealing its structure by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.D9Hshows remarkable NIR emission from 750 to 1100 nm with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 18 %. In addition, optically pureD9Hexhibits panchromatic circular dichroism with a notable dissymmetry factor (gCD) of 0.019 at 590 nm, which is among the highest in the visible region for reported helicenes.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Trifluoromethoxylation of Propargyl Sulfonates
Authors: Hou Yangdong , Zhang Zhang , Sun Xinyu , Yang Zheng , Luan Yu‐Xin , Tang Pingping
Published: March 2023

Due to the strong electron‐withdrawing nature and high lipophilicity of trifluoromethoxy group (OCF3), methods for introducing OCF3into organic molecules are in high demand. However, the research area of direct enantioselective trifluoromethoxylation is still in the embryonic stage, with limited enantioselectivity and/or reaction types. Here, we describe the first copper‐catalyzed enantioselective trifluoromethoxylation of propargyl sulfonates using trifluoromethyl arylsulfonate (TFMS) as the trifluoromethoxy source in up to 96 % ee.
A Heptacene Analogue Entailing a Quinoidal Benzodi[7]annulene (7/6/7 Ring) Core with a Tunable Configuration and Multiple Redox Properties
Authors: Huang Yan‐Ying , Wu Botao , Shi Dandan , Liu Dan , Meng Wei , Ma Junlong , Qin Liyuan , Li Cheng , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Xi‐Sha , Zhang Deqing
Published: March 2023

Non‐benzenoid acenes containing heptagons have received increasing attention. We herein report a heptacene analogue containing a quinoidal benzodi[7]annulene core. Derivatives of this new non‐benzenoid acene were obtained through an efficient synthetic strategy involving an Aldol condensation and a Diels–Alder reaction as key steps. The configuration of this heptacene analogue can be modulated from a wavy to a curved one by just varying the substituents from a (triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl group to a 2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl (Trip) group. When mesityl (Mes) groups are linked to the heptagons, the resulting non‐benzenoid acene displays polymorphism with a tunable configuration from a curved to a wavy one upon varying the crystallization conditions. In addition, this new non‐benzenoid acene can be oxidized or reduced by NOSbF6 or KC8 to the respective radical cation or radical anion. Compared with the neutral acene, the radical anion shows a wavy configuration and the central hexagon becomes aromatic.
Polymerization Strategies to Construct a 3D Polymer Passivation Network toward High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Dachang , Wang Xiao , Wang Xianzhao , Zhang Bingqian , Sun Xiuhong , Li Zhipeng , Shao Zhipeng , Mao Sui , Wang Li , Cui Guanglei , Pang Shuping
Published: March 2023

The spontaneously formed uncoordinated Pb2+ defects usually make the perovskite films demonstrate strong n‐type with relatively lower carrier diffusion length and serious non‐radiative recombination energy loss. In this work, we adopt different polymerization strategies to construct three‐dimensional passivation frameworks in the perovskite layer. Thanks to the strong C≡N⋅⋅⋅Pb coordination bonding and the penetrating passivation structure, the defect state density is obviously reduced, accompanied by a significant increase in the carrier diffusion length. Additionally, the reduction of iodine vacancies also changed the Fermi level of the perovskite layer from strong n‐type to weak n‐type, which substantially promotes the energy level alignment and carrier injection efficiency. As a result, the optimized device achieved an efficiency exceeded 24 % (the certified efficiency is 24.16 %) with a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.194 V, and the corresponding module achieved an efficiency of 21.55 %.
Multi‐Stimuli Responsive Luminescence and Domino Phase Transition of Hybrid Copper Halides with Nonlinear Optical Switching Behavior
Authors: Wu Jiajing , Guo Yue , Qi Jing‐Li , Yao Wen‐Dong , Yu Su‐Xin , Liu Wenlong , Guo Sheng‐Ping
Published: March 2023

Although phase transition materials (PTMs) under external stimuli are of great research interest duo to their rich potential applications, it is still challenging to explore multi‐responsive PTMs. Herein, two different phases of organic–inorganic hybrid copper‐based halides, α‐ and β‐Gua3Cu2I5(Gua+=CN3H6+), were synthesized by solvent evaporation method, which they crystalize in the noncentrosymmetric space groupFdd2 with zero‐dimensional structure and centrosymmetric space groupC2/cwith one‐dimensional metal‐halogen framework, respectively. Interestingly, it is firstly demonstrated that Gua3Cu2I5simultaneously possesses reversible PL conversion and NLO switching properties in response to thermal stimulus. Strikingly, apart from heat, its structural phase transition can also be triggered by crystalline‐phase‐recognition (CPR) and mechanical force. These new findings may pave a path for future exploration of PTMs with multiple physical properties.
Dialogue and creativity: The generative dialogical perspective in therapy
Authors: Schnitman Dora Fried
Published: March 2023

The generative perspective in therapy understands relations and dialogue as a generative social space where participants can promote innovative resources and possibilities for themselves, and their relations and circumstances, along with new social ecologies. It focuses on the creative dimensions of human relationality. This epistemological and clinical perspective has a heuristic value that allows us to discern and work with micro dialogues—micro processes of creative, generative dialogues—in the ongoing dialogue, mindful of the opportunities for creativity and innovation they provide. The generative perspective promotes creative processes and transformations to help clients build possible and viable futures when faced with problems, conflicts and challenges. It involves the dialogical and relational co‐creation of resources and possibilities, and actions for implementation. The perspective is illustrated with a therapy process involving a 3‐year follow‐up. The paper includes a section where differences and similarities between dialogical perspectives are presented.
Analog Quantum Valley–Hall and Quantum Spin Hall Plasmons in Graphene Metasurfaces with Low Point Group Symmetry
Authors: Chen Long , Lan Zhihao , Wu Xiong Wei , Ma Qian , You Jian Wei , Cui Tie Jun
Published: March 2023

In recent years, topological physics of classical waves in artificial crystals has become an emerging field of research. While Dirac cones and valley‐related physics are conventionally studied in these systems with C6v and C3v point‐group symmetries, here analog quantum valley Hall and quantum spin Hall plasmons in graphene metasurfaces with lower point‐group symmetries are explored. First, it is shown that a single‐layer graphene sheet with rectangle holes respecting to the C2v point group symmetry can host a mirror (σv) symmetry‐protected Dirac cone along the X–M edge of the Brillouin zone. Then we demonstrate that introducing further circular holes to the graphene sheet can break the mirror symmetry (i.e., reducing C2v symmetry to C1v) and thus gap out the Dirac cone, which allows us to explore the valley and layer‐pseudospin related topological plasmons in these graphene metasurfaces with low point group symmetry. Valley‐locking unidirectional propagations along the domain–wall interface of a single‐layer graphene metasurface and layer‐pseudospin converter in a double‐layer graphene metasurface are explicitly demonstrated for graphene plasmons in the THz range. This work provides a new design principle for exploring Dirac cones, valley, and pseudospin related physics using much lower point‐group symmetries.
Advances in Synthetic Biology of Fungi and Contributions to the Discovery of New Molecules
Authors: Valiante Vito
Published: March 2023

The sequencing of fungal genomes is becoming increasingly accessible, with a wealth of data already available. In parallel, the prediction of the putative biosynthetic pathways responsible for the synthesis of potential new natural products is also increasing. The difficulty of translating computational analyses into available compounds is becoming evident, slowing down a process that was thought to be faster with the advent of the genomic era. Advances in gene techniques made it possible to genetically modify a wider range of organisms, including fungi typically considered recalcitrant to DNA manipulation. However, the possibility of screening many gene cluster products for new activities in a high‐throughput manner remains unfeasible. Nonetheless, some updates on the synthetic biology of fungi could provide interesting insights that could help to achieve this goal in the future.
COL11A1‐driven positive feedback loop modulates fibroblast transformation and activates pancreatic cancer progression
Authors: Sun Defeng , dai Tu , Ji Yuan , Shen Weibo , Bian Wuyang
Published: March 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most common leading causes of cancer death. The cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) aggravate the malignant behavior of PDAC. However, it is still unknown how PDAC induces normal fibroblasts (NFs) to CAFs. In present research, we found that PDAC‐derived collagen type XI alpha 1 (COL11A1) promoted the conversion of NFs to CAF‐like cells. It included morphological and corresponding molecular marker changes. Activation of the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway was involved in this process. Corresponding, CAFs cells could secrete interleukin 6 (IL‐6), which promoted the invasion and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of PDAC cells. Furthermore, IL‐6 promoted the expression of transcription factor Activating Transcription Factor 4 by activating the Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase/extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase pathway. The latter directly promotes the expression of COL11A1. This way, a feedback loop of mutual influence was constructed between PDAC and CAFs. Our research proposed a novel concept for PDAC‐educated NFs. PDAC‐COL11A1‐fibroblast‐IL‐6‐PDAC axis might contribute to the cascade between PDAC and TME.
Concurrent hypereosinophilic syndrome and deep vein thrombosis after Pfizer‐BioNTech COVID‐19 vaccination: A case report
Authors: Yano Shungo , Miyagami Taiju , Furusaka Takayuki , Kano Nagamasa , Naito Toshio
Published: March 2023

Herein, we report a case of eosinophilia syndrome and deep vein thrombosis presenting concurrently after the administration of the BNT162b2 mRNA‐based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine. It is extremely rare to have both hypereosinophilic syndrome and deep vein thrombosis simultaneously. Both are serious diseases and should be treated with caution.
In Situ Generation of Pt2Co3 Nano‐Alloys in Porous N‐Doped Carbon for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Bing , Wang Leiyu , Liu Huijing , Chen Jing , Xie Jianhui , Liu Yingying , Lau Tai‐Chu
Published: March 2023

Platinum (Pt) catalysts are the state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but it is still a challenge to improve the utilization efficiency and stability of Pt‐based catalysts. Herein, Pt2Co3 nano‐alloys anchored on the surface of the N‐doped carbon support are precisely synthesized via metal complex‐controlled pyrolysis. Benefiting from the formation and exposure of the bimetallic nano‐alloys, the optimal Pt2Co3/NC‐950 electrocatalyst exhibits an extraordinary HER catalytic activity and stability. To achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the Pt2Co3/NC‐950 electrocatalyst requires small overpotentials of 12 mV in both acidic and alkaline media with small Tafel slopes of 6 mV dec−1 and 24 mV dec−1 in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1 M KOH, respectively, which is superior to the commercialized Pt/C catalyst. Additionally, the much higher turnover frequencies and the larger electrochemical surface areas of Pt2Co3/NC‐950 further reveal its superior catalytic active sites. Based on theoretical calculations, the outstanding HER activity is found to be attributed to the synergic effect of the Pt and Co components that optimizes the adsorption Gibbs free energy of hydrogen atom and accelerates water dissociation in alkaline media.
In situ Generation of Intimacy in MnOx+SAPO‐34 Mechanical Mixture for the Conversion of Syngas to Light Olefins
Authors: Coudercy Christophe , Prevot Mathieu S. , Afanasiev Pavel , Loridant Stéphane
Published: March 2023

Bifunctional MnOx+SAPO‐34 catalysts were evaluated for the conversion of syngas to light olefins (OXZEO process). They were prepared, either by mechanical mixing of 100 μm‐scale particles agglomerates, or by mixing of ethanol suspensions, containing homogeneously distributed micrometer‐scale primary particles of oxide and zeolite. The selectivity to light olefins, initially lower for the mechanical mixture, reached the value of the suspension mixture after a 14 h on‐stream period. This convergence was explained from SEM images by in situ breaking of SAPO‐34 agglomerates present in the mechanical mixture and dispersion of SAPO‐34 crystals among MnOx primary particles, decreasing the contact distance between the two catalytic functions. These results evidence the importance of intimacy at the micrometer scale to improve the catalytic properties in the OXZEO process.
Boosting Hydrostability and Carbon Dioxide Capture of Boroxine‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks by One‐Pot Oligoamine Modification
Authors: Jia Chao , Liang Rong‐Ran , Gan Shi‐Xian , Jiang Shu‐Yan , Qi Qiao‐Yan , Zhao Xin
Published: March 2023

Boron‐based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are susceptible to nucleophilic attack by water at the electron‐deficient boron sites and even slightly humid air could destroy the integrity of their porous frameworks within hours. Such instability is a major limitation to the practical applications of boron‐based COFs. Herein we report a significant enhancement of hydrostability of boroxine‐linked COFs (COF‐1 as representative) by modification with an oligoamine (tetraethylenepentamine, TEPA), which leads to survival of the modified COF in water and long‐time stability under humid atmosphere. Meanwhile, the TEPA modification also results in a considerable increase in CO2 adsorption capacity up to 13 times and a dramatic improvement in CO2/N2 selectivity in low pressure region, which make the modified COF suitable for capturing CO2 from flue gas. This work provides a facile, efficient, and scalable method to greatly improve hydrostability of boroxine‐linked COFs and reshape them into high‐performance CO2 adsorbents.
Liquid Dynamics Determine Transition Metal‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complex Formation
Authors: Zaby Paul , Blasius Jan , Müller Anna K. , Nolan Steven P. , Hollóczki Oldamur
Published: March 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue are Oldamur Hollóczki and co‐workers at the Universities of Bonn, Ghent and Debrecen. The image depicts the search of an ionic base for the acidic proton of an imidazolium cation in order to form a carbene complex. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202203636.
Comprehensive Parameter Screening for the Investigation of Particulate Fouling in Pipe Fittings
Authors: Jarmatz Niklas , Augustin Wolfgang , Scholl Stephan
Published: March 2023

A prominent example of unwanted accumulation in production plants is particulate fouling, which has been subject of many studies in apparatuses. However, pipe fittings have attracted little attention despite their large number in production plants. Here, the influence of process parameters and geometry factors on the fouling in pipe fittings is investigated under isothermal conditions that aims to an improved understanding of their fouling behavior. The variation of fitting type and size, the run time and particle mass fraction have the greatest impact on the fouling mass while the temperature does not influence the result.
Spatially Resolved Temperature Measurements during Condensation in Presence of a Non‐Condensable Gas
Authors: Schwerdtfeger Natalie , Schulte Annalena , Jasch Katharina , Scholl Stephan
Published: March 2023

Axial temperature profiles of the vapor phase can provide valuable indication of the condensation process along the heat transfer path and highlight the impact of non‐condensable gases on a unit's performance. The local measurements at moderate vacuum conditions for condensation of a binary mixture are presented alongside the implementation and assessment of optical sensors in a heat transfer process. The results show a good depiction of the characteristic temperature behavior during the condensation process. The relation between temperature, partial pressure and mole fractions are shown.
Simulation analysis of gas–solid flow characteristics and water evaporation in flue gas semi‐dry desulphurization process based on CPFD method
Authors: Liu Peng , Wu Xuan , Li Haiguang , Bo Yuxuan , Wei Nan
Published: March 2023

The gas–solids flow in an industrial‐scale semi‐dry method desulphurization tower is simulated by the computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) approach. Compared with previous studies on desulphurization towers, this study focuses on analyzing particle distribution characteristics such as particle volume fraction, temperature distribution, and residence time. The simulation fully considered the particle–fluid, particle–particle, and particle–wall interactions in the desulphurization tower. Based on these considerations, the effects of flue gas inlet velocity and temperature on the gas–solid distribution characteristics of the desulphurization tower are simulated. An optimization scheme for adjusting the gas–solid flow in the desulphurization tower is proposed. The research results show that the error between the CPFD simulation data and experimental data is small and the changing trend is consistent. The particles in the bed of the desulphurization tower show a typical core–annulus flow. The distribution of gas and particles in the bed has a serious deviation with the increase of the flue gas inlet velocity and temperature. As the axial height of the desulphurization tower increases, the flue gas velocity, temperature, particle concentration, and water vapour distribution in the bed become more uniform. The relatively stable operating conditions for the gas–solid flow in the desulphurization tower is that the flue gas inlet velocity and temperature are 15 m/s and 393 K, respectively. Under these operating conditions, the pressure loss caused by the venturi accounted for 73.6% of the total pressure loss of the desulphurization tower. When the particle radius is between 0–150 μm, the particle size and the flue gas inlet velocity have the greatest influence on the particle residence time. Finally, the distribution of gas and particles before and after the adjustment of the desulphurization tower is compared, which showed that adjusting the bottom structure of the desulphurization tower could optimize the gas–solid flow.
PROTOCOL: Domestic abuse interventions for mothers in or exiting prison: An evidence and gap map
Authors: Rogers Michaela , Lockwood Kelly , Speake Elizabeth , Campbell Fiona
Published: March 2023

This is the protocol for a evidence and gap map. The objectives are as follows: to identify existing research and gaps in evidence according to the types of interventions, settings, study design and outcomes; to use the EGM findings to inform subsequent systematic reviews and to identify gaps in evidence to inform future research, policy or practice.
Editorial in response to Thangaiah et al.
Authors: Zhang M. Lisa
Published: March 2023

In the April 2023 issue, Thangaiah and colleagues have revisited the infrequently studied but important topic of distinguishing autoimmune pancreatitis from well‐differentiated (and sometimes moderately differentiated) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. This distinction is crucial because of the important implications for patient management.
Coupling Dielectric Functionality with Magnetic Properties in Coordination Metal Complexes
Authors: Sekine Yoshihiro , Nakamura Rikuto , Akiyoshi Ryohei , Hayami Shinya
Published: March 2023

Significant research has been conducted on molecular ferroelectric materials, including pure organic and inorganic compounds; however, studies on ferroelectric materials based on coordination metal complexes are scarce. Ferroelectric materials based on coordination metal complexes have tunable structures and designs, with coexistence or synergy between the ferroelectric behavior and magnetic properties. Compared to inorganic compounds, few coordination metal complexes exhibit coupling between the magnetic and dielectric properties. Coordination metal complexes with strong coupling between the magnetic and dielectric properties exhibit dielectric permittivity variations under external magnetic fields. Therefore, they have attracted substantial interest for their potential use in magnetoelectric devices. In this review, we discuss recent advances in coordination metal complexes, that exhibit coupled magnetic functionalities and ferroelectricity or dielectric properties, including single‐molecule magnets, electron delocalization systems, and external stimuli responsive compounds.
Effects of Molybdenum Doping on the Enhanced Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction Performance of CeO2 Nanorods: Theoretical and Experimental Investigations
Authors: Nan Cheng , Yang Huimin , Gao Fanfan , Gao Nan , Zhou Wenjing , Du Haiyan , Liang Zhenhai
Published: March 2023

As a green and sustainable strategy, the electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR) has been considered the best potential approach to replace the traditional Haber‐Bosch process under ambient conditions. The key is to exploit efficient and low‐cost electrocatalysts according to the current situation. Herein, a series of Molybdenum (Mo) doped CeO2 nanorods (NR) catalysts were successfully fabricated via a hydrothermal reaction coupled with high temperature calcination. The nanorod structures were not altered after Mo atom doping. The obtained 5 %‐Mo‐CeO2 nanorods act as a superior electrocatalyst in neutral electrolytes of 0.1 M Na2SO4. Such electrocatalyst significantly enhances NRR performance with an NH3 yield of 10.9 μg h−1 mg−1cat at −0.45 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 26.5 % at −0.25 V vs RHE. That outcome is 4 times higher than that of CeO2 nanorods (2.6 μg h−1 mg−1cat; 4.9 %). Meanwhile, density functional theory (DFT) calculation shows the characteristics after Mo doping: the band gap value lowers, the density of states increases, electrons are more easily excited, and N2 molecules are more easily adsorbed, thereby enhancing the activity of the electrocatalytic NRR.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed Activation of Phenylsilane for Benzaldehyde Reduction
Authors: André Rémi F. , Palazzolo Alberto , Poucin Cyprien , Ribot François , Carenco Sophie
Published: March 2023

Hydrosilylation reactions are commonly used for the reduction of carbonyl bonds in fine chemistry, catalyzed by transition metal complexes. The current challenge is to expand the scope of metal‐free alternative catalysts, including in particular organocatalysts. This work describes the organocatalyzed hydrosilylation of benzaldehyde with a phosphine, introduced at 10 mol%, and phenylsilane at room temperature. The activation of phenylsilane was highly dependent on the physical properties of the solvent such as the polarity, and the highest conversions were obtained in acetonitrile and propylene carbonate with yields of 46 % and 97 %, respectively. The best results of the screening over 13 phosphines and phosphites were obtained with linear trialkylphoshines (PMe3, PnBu3, POct3), indicating the importance of their nucleophilicity, with yields of 88 %, 46 % and 56 %, respectively. With the help of heteronuclear 1H−29Si NMR spectroscopy, the products of the hydrosilylation (PhSiH3‐n(OBn)n) were identified, allowing a monitoring of the concentration in the different species, and thereby of their reactivity. The reaction displayed an induction period of ca. 60 min, followed by the sequential hydrosilylations presenting various reaction rates. In agreement with the formation of partial charges in the intermediate state, we propose a mechanism based on a hypervalent silicon center via the Lewis base activation of the silicon Lewis acid.
Electrochemistry‐Based CO2 Removal Technologies
Authors: Biel‐Nielsen Tessa Lund , Hatton T. Alan , Villadsen Sebastian N. B. , Jakobsen Jan S. , Bonde Jacob L. , Spormann Alfred M. , Fosbøl Philip L.
Published: March 2023

Unprecedented increase in atmospheric CO2 levels calls for efficient, sustainable, and cost‐effective technologies for CO2 removal, including both capture and conversion approaches. Current CO2 abatement is largely based on energy‐intensive thermal processes with a high degree of inflexibility. In this Perspective, it is argued that future CO2 technologies will follow the general societal trend towards electrified systems. This transition is largely promoted by decreasing electricity prices, continuous expansion of renewable energy infrastructure, and breakthroughs in carbon electrotechnologies, such as electrochemically modulated amine regeneration, redox‐active quinones and other species, and microbial electrosynthesis. In addition, new initiatives make electrochemical carbon capture an integrated part of Power‐to‐X applications, for example, by linking it to H2 production. Selected electrochemical technologies crucial for a future sustainable society are reviewed. However, significant further development of these technologies within the next decade is needed, to meet the ambitious climate goals.
Predicting continuous amyloid PET values with CSF and plasma Aβ42/Aβ40
Authors: Wisch Julie K. , Gordon Brian A. , Boerwinkle Anna H. , Luckett Patrick H. , Bollinger James G. , Ovod Vitaliy , Li Yan , Henson Rachel L. , West Tim , Meyer Mathew R. , Kirmess Kristopher M. , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Fagan Anne M. , Morris John C. , Bateman Randall J. , Ances Beau M. , Schindler Suzanne E.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Continuous measures of amyloid burden as measured by positron emission tomography (PET) are being used increasingly to stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study examined whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40 could predict continuous values for amyloid PET.

Methods

CSF Aβ42 and Aβ40 were measured with automated immunoassays. Plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 were measured with an immunoprecipitation–mass spectrometry assay. Amyloid PET was performed with Pittsburgh compound B (PiB). The continuous relationships of CSF and plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 with amyloid PET burden were modeled.

Results

Most participants were cognitively normal (427 of 491 [87%]) and the mean age was 69.0 ± 8.8 years. CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 predicted amyloid PET burden until a relatively high level of amyloid accumulation (69.8 Centiloids), whereas plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 predicted amyloid PET burden until a lower level (33.4 Centiloids).

Discussion

CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 predicts the continuous level of amyloid plaque burden over a wider range than plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 and may be useful in AD staging.

Highlights

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40 predicts continuous amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) values up to a relatively high burden.

Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 is a comparatively dichotomous measure of brain amyloidosis.

Models can predict regional amyloid PET burden based on CSF Aβ42/Aβ40.

CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 may be useful in staging AD.
Upper gastrointestinal bleed as the initial presentation of seminoma involving the duodenum in an elderly patient with 9 year follow up: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhao Liena , Cheng Tina , Khalil Moosa
Published: March 2023

Germ cell tumors are the most common malignancies in males between 20 and 40 years. However, primary extragonadal germ cell tumors are rare and account for 2%–5% of all germ cell neoplasms in adults. Extragonadal germ cell tumors are characterized by their midline locations including pineal and suprasellar regions, mediastinum, retroperitoneum and sacrococcyx. These tumors have also been reported in rare locations such as prostate, bladder, vagina, liver and scalp. Extragonadal germ cell tumors can be primary but may also represent metastases from primary gonadal germ cell tumors. In this report we describe a case of a duodenal seminoma in a 66‐year‐old male with no history of testicular tumors, who presented with upper gastrointestinal bleed as the initial manifestation. He was effectively treated with chemotherapy and continues to progress well clinically, with no episodes of recurrence.
Boost the Utilization of Dense FeN4 Sites for High‐Performance Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Li Yanrong , Yin Shuhu , Chen Long , Cheng Xiaoyang , Wang Chongtai , Jiang Yanxia , Sun Shigang
Published: March 2023

Iron‐nitrogen‐carbon (Fe‐N‐C) catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have seriously been hindered by their poor ORR performance of Fe‐N‐C due to the low active site density (SD) and site utilization. Herein, we reported a melamine‐assisted vapor deposition approach to overcome these hindrances. The melamine not only compensates for the loss of nitrogen caused by high‐temperature pyrolysis but also effectively etches the carbon substrate, increasing the external surface area and mesoporous porosity of the carbon substrate. These can provide more useful area for subsequent vapor deposition on active sites. The prepared 0.20Mela‐FeNC catalyst shows a fourfold higher SD value and site utilization than the FeNC without the treatment of melamine. As a result, 0.20Mela‐FeNC catalyst exhibits a high ORR activity with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.861 V and 12‐fold higher ORR mass activity than the FeNC in acidic media. As the cathode in a H2‐O2 PEMFCs, 0.20Mela‐FeNC catalyst demonstrates a high peak power density of 1.30 W cm−2, outstripping most of the reported Fe‐N‐C catalysts. The developed melamine‐assisted vapor deposition approach for boosting the SD and utilization of Fe‐N‐C catalysts offers a new insight into high‐performance ORR electrocatalysts.
Modulating the electronic structure of hollow Cu/Cu3P hetero‐nanoparticles to boost the oxygen reduction performance in long‐lasting Zn‐air battery
Authors: Huang Yifan , Kong Fantao , Pei Fenglai , Wang Lianzhou , Cui Xiangzhi , Shi Jianlin
Published: March 2023

Developing cost–benefit and high‐performance non‐noble metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is highly imperative for wide applications of renewable energy conversion devices. Herein, a one stone two birds phosphorization strategy has been proposed to synthesize hollow structured Cu/Cu3P heterogeneous nanoparticles supported on N, P co‐doped carbon (Cu/Cu3P@NP‐Cs). The optimized Cu/Cu3P@NP‐C‐900 features high ORR performance under both alkaline and acidic conditions. Moreover, the Cu/Cu3P@NP‐C‐900‐drivened Zn‐air battery exhibits a substantially higher power density output (148.2 mW cm−2) and stronger charge–discharge stability (300 h, 1805 cycles) than those of Pt/C‐equipped counterpart. The cross‐interface electron transfer from Cu3P to Cu effectively regulates the d‐band center of Cu/Cu3P, thereby leading to the balanced adsorption/desorption energy of oxygen species. Meanwhile, the hollow structure maximizes the exposure of accessible active centers, resulting in much accelerated ORR kinetics. This work proposes an innovative insight for developing hollow hetero‐structured catalysts to improve ORR performance.

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POU2AF3‐rearranged sarcomas: A novel tumor defined by fusions of EWSR1 or FUS to a gene formerly designated COLCA2
Authors: Hiemenz Matthew C. , Kaur Jaspreet , Kuang Zheng , Huang Richard S. P. , Harries Lukas , Metzger Dana , Schiavone Kelsie , Millis Sherri Z. , Lin Douglas I. , Lechpammer Mirna , Decker Brennan , Mata Douglas A. , Reddy Abhinav , Parke Matthew , Lee Eun Y. , Cui Xiaoyan , Iwenofu O. Hans , Buehler Darya , Henderson Les , Baldwin Erin M. , Boikos Sosipatros A. , Ramkissoon Shakti H. , Smith Steven C.
Published: March 2023

Gene fusions involving EWSR1 or FUS as the 5′ partner have been reported in a diverse array of sarcomas. Here, we characterize the histopathology and genomics of six tumors harboring a gene fusion between EWSR1 or FUS and POU2AF3, an understudied, putative colorectal cancer predisposition gene. Striking morphologic features reminiscent of synovial sarcoma were observed including a biphasic appearance with variable fusiform to epithelioid cytomorphology and staghorn‐type vasculature. RNA sequencing demonstrated variable breakpoints in EWSR1/FUS along with similar breakpoints in POU2AF3 that encompassed a 3′ portion of this gene. For cases in which additional information was available, the behavior of these neoplasms was aggressive with local spread and/or distant metastases. Although further studies are needed to confirm the functional significance of our findings, POU2AF3 fusions to EWSR1 or FUS may define a novel type of POU2AF3‐rearranged sarcomas with aggressive, malignant behavior.
Loess or lake sediments: Resolving the origin of massive beds in the Lower Jurassic of southern Africa
Authors: Head Howard V. , Bordy Emese M.
Published: March 2023

Throughout Earth's history, dust deposits have been considered sensitive markers of fluctuations in global atmospheric circulation patterns. However, the identification of ancient dust deposits remains problematic, as their massive (structureless) nature impedes an unequivocal classification. In southern Africa, the Lower Jurassic Clarens Formation is dominated by intriguing structureless sandy siltstones that have been interpreted as loess even though classical diagnostic outcrop‐scale loess features are not observed. In this study, we utilized grain characteristics such as size, shape, sorting and fabric to assess the origin of these ubiquitous massive beds, as compared to strata with a known origin in the unit. Based on these grain characteristics, the massive beds can be grouped into six different facies types (Facies 1–6). Facies 1 has very similar grain features to the large‐scale cross‐bedded strata and thus it is interpreted as migrating dune deposits, only apparently massive. The dominant grain size with a large proportion of very fine‐grained sand and the random grain fabric suggests that Facies 2 resulted from sandy dust fall (short‐term suspension), whereas Facies 3 is interpreted as aeolian dust, having features consistent with modern and ancient loess due to its dominant silt grain size and random grain fabric. Features in Facies 4 are undiagnostic and could reflect a range of aeolian processes, although a dominant silt grain size may suggest an overwhelming loess component. Facies 5 and 6 show primary aeolian signatures with the preferred grain orientation being evidence of reworking in an aqueous setting (e.g., lake, stream). These six facies types represent a spectrum of depositional processes that occurred in response to erg migration and climatic changes along this Early Jurassic erg margin. Their facies diversity is evidence for: (1) dry and windy conditions in SW Gondwana during the Sinemurian to Pliensbachian, and (2) reworking of the aeolian sediments in various fluvial and lacustrine settings during the development of one of the largest known sand seas in Earth's history.
Definitive chemoradiation for oropharyngeal squamous carcinomas: Outcomes with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy using simultaneous integrated boost, in a majorly p16 negative cohort
Authors: Maulik Shaurav , Roy Paromita , Mallick Indranil , Prasath Sriram , Arun B. , Chatterjee Sanjoy
Published: March 2023

Background

The literature on modern‐era outcomes of oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma (OPSCC) in India is limited.

Materials and Methods

We analyzed records of consecutive patients with OPSCC treated using a curative SIB IMRT regimen of 66 Gy/30#/6 weeks.

Results

One hundred fifteen patients from July 2011 to December 2018 were analyzed. Twenty of 69 patients tested positive for p16. In p16 positive patients, the K‐M probability of being disease free and alive at 2 years, with at least one follow‐up 3 months after treatment, was 83% (median not reached) compared with 48% if p16 was unknown/negative. Patients staged as IVB p16 negative had a 2‐year DFS of 25%. Patients unfit for cisplatin and consequently received other agents had 2‐year DFS estimated at 20%.

Conclusions

Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) and concurrent chemotherapy was feasible, with toxicity and disease control comparable to available literature. AJCC Stage IVB p16 negative disease had notably poor outcome.
Successful stem cell collection for atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor in an extremely low‐body weight child: A case report
Authors: Putzulu Rossana , Romano Alberto , Mancino Aldo , Corbingi Andrea , Massini Giuseppina , Mastrangelo Stefano , Pulitanò Silvia Maria , Piastra Marco , Pittiruti Mauro , Ruggiero Antonio , Piccirillo Nicola
Published: March 2023

The use of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells for bone marrow reconstitution after myeloablative therapy is well established in children with malignant disorders. However, the peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells collection in very low‐body weight (≤10 kg) children remains a significant challenge because of technical and clinical issues. A male newborn affected by atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, diagnosed prenatally, received two cycles of chemotherapy following surgical resection. After an interdisciplinary discussion, it was decided to intensify the treatment with high‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. After 7 days of G‐CSF administration the patient underwent hematopoietic progenitor cells‐apheresis collection. The procedure was performed in the pediatric intensive care unit, using two central venous catheters and Spectra Optia device. The cell collection procedure was completed in 200 min, during which time 3.9 total blood volumes were processed. During apheresis we did not observe electrolyte alterations. No adverse events were recorded during or immediately following the cell collection procedure. Our report describes the feasibility of performing large volume leukapheresis without complications in an extremely low‐body weight patient weighing 4.5 kg using the Spectra Optia apheresis device. No catheter‐related problems occurred, and apheresis was completed without any adverse event. In conclusion, we believe that very low‐body weight pediatric patients need a multidisciplinary approach to manage central venous access, hemodynamic monitoring, cell collection, prevention of metabolic complications to improve safety, feasibility, and efficiency of stem cell collection procedures.
Genetic variety of ORF3a shapes SARS‐CoV‐2 fitness through modulation of lipid droplet
Authors: Wang Weili , Qu Yafei , Wang Xin , Xiao Maggie Z. X. , Fu Joyce , Chen Lei , Zheng Yuejuan , Liang Qiming
Published: March 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection leads to the accumulation of lipid droplets (LD), the central hubs of the lipid metabolism, in vitro or in type II pneumocytes and monocytes from coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) patients and blockage of LD formation by specific inhibitors impedes SARS‐CoV‐2 replication. Here, we showed that ORF3a is necessary and sufficient to trigger LD accumulation during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, leading to efficient virus replication. Although highly mutated during evolution, ORF3a‐mediated LD modulation is conserved in most SARS‐CoV‐2 variants except the Beta strain and is a major difference between SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2 that depends on the genetic variations on the amino acid position 171, 193, and 219 of ORF3a. Importantly, T223I substitution in recent Omicron strains (BA.2‐BF.8) impairs ORF3a‐Vps39 association and LD accumulation, leading to less efficient replication and potentially contributing to lower pathogenesis of the Omicron strains. Our work characterized how SARS‐CoV‐2 modulates cellular lipid homeostasis to benefit its replication during virus evolution, making ORF3a‐LD axis a promising drug target for the treatment of COVID‐19.
Winds and waves in the Arabian Gulf: Physics, characteristics and long‐term hindcast
Authors: Langodan Sabique , Cavaleri Luigi , Bertotti Luciana , Qasem Ali M. , Razak Shanas Puthuveetil , Pomaro Angela , Hoteit Ibrahim
Published: March 2023

A 40‐year hindcast of the wave conditions in the Arabian Gulf, the elongated basin between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran, is described. The input wind fields were derived from the ERA5 reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts for the period 1979–2019. Extensive comparisons with scatterometer data suggested a direction‐dependent wind calibration with a strong influence on the underestimation of offshore blowing winds. The dominant wave patterns in the basin are described together with the characteristics of the related winds. After characterizing the possible meteorological conditions, the corresponding wave fields were hindcast using the WAVEWATCH III model. Extensive validation against altimeter data shows an almost unitary fit and a 0.02‐m bias; a comparison with measured data strongly demonstrates that the general patterns and conditions were well reproduced. The wave physics was also analysed, revealing the crucial role of their dynamic generation in the investigated area domain. The very shallow nature of some limited coastal zones suggests that locally focused studies, with more detailed and specific physics, are required for the best description of the waves in these areas.