bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in adenoviral chromatin organization precede early gene activation upon infection
Authors: Schwartz Uwe , Komatsu Tetsuro , Huber Claudia , Lagadec Floriane , Baumgartl Conradin , Silberhorn Elisabeth , Nuetzel Margit , Rayne Fabienne , Basyuk Eugenia , Bertrand Edouard , Rehli Michael , Wodrich Harald , Laengst Gernot
Published: August 2023

Within the virion, adenovirus DNA associates with the virus‐encoded, protamine‐like structural protein pVII. Whether this association is organized, and how genome packaging changes during infection and subsequent transcriptional activation is currently unclear. Here, we combined RNA‐seq, MNase‐seq, ChIP‐seq, and single genome imaging during early adenovirus infection to unveil the structure‐ and time‐resolved dynamics of viral chromatin changes as well as their correlation with gene transcription. Our MNase mapping data indicates that the adenoviral genome is arranged in precisely positioned nucleoprotein particles with nucleosome‐like characteristics, that we term adenosomes. We identified 238 adenosomes that are positioned by a DNA sequence code and protect about 60–70 bp of DNA. The incoming adenoviral genome is more accessible at early gene loci that undergo additional chromatin de‐condensation upon infection. Histone H3.3 containing nucleosomes specifically replaces pVII at distinct genomic sites and at the transcription start sites of early genes. Acetylation of H3.3 is predominant at the transcription start sites and precedes transcriptional activation. Based on our results, we propose a central role for the viral pVII nucleoprotein architecture, which is required for the dynamic structural changes during early infection, including the regulation of nucleosome assembly prior to transcription initiation. Our study thus may aid the rational development of recombinant adenoviral vectors exhibiting sustained expression in gene therapy.
HDAC6 deacetylates IDH1 to promote the homeostasis of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Yang Jia , Liu Yang , Yin Hanxiao , Xie Songbo , Zhang Linlin , Dong Xifeng , Ni Hua , Bu Weiwen , Ma Hongbo , Liu Peng , Zhu Haiyan , Guo Rongxia , Sun Lei , Wu Yue , Qin Juan , Sun Baofa , Li Dengwen , Luo Hongbo R , Liu Min , Xuan Chenghao , Zhou Jun
Published: August 2023

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are cells mainly present in the bone marrow and capable of forming mature blood cells. However, the epigenetic mechanisms governing the homeostasis of HSPCs remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate an important role for histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in regulating this process. Our data show that the percentage of HSPCs in Hdac6 knockout mice is lower than in wild‐type mice due to decreased HSPC proliferation. HDAC6 interacts with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and deacetylates IDH1 at lysine 233. The deacetylation of IDH1 inhibits its catalytic activity and thereby decreases the 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine level of ten‐eleven translocation 2 (TET2) target genes, changing gene expression patterns to promote the proliferation of HSPCs. These findings uncover a role for HDAC6 and IDH1 in regulating the homeostasis of HSPCs and may have implications for the treatment of hematological diseases.
Mapping temperature‐sensitive mutations at a genome scale to engineer growth switches in Escherichia coli
Authors: Schramm Thorben , Lubrano Paul , Pahl Vanessa , Stadelmann Amelie , Verhülsdonk Andreas , Link Hannes
Published: August 2023

Temperature‐sensitive (TS) mutants are a unique tool to perturb and engineer cellular systems. Here, we constructed a CRISPR library with 15,120 Escherichia coli mutants, each with a single amino acid change in one of 346 essential proteins. 1,269 of these mutants showed temperature‐sensitive growth in a time‐resolved competition assay. We reconstructed 94 TS mutants and measured their metabolism under growth arrest at 42°C using metabolomics. Metabolome changes were strong and mutant‐specific, showing that metabolism of nongrowing E. coli is perturbation‐dependent. For example, 24 TS mutants of metabolic enzymes overproduced the direct substrate metabolite due to a bottleneck in their associated pathway. A strain with TS homoserine kinase (ThrBF267D) produced homoserine for 24 h, and production was tunable by temperature. Finally, we used a TS subunit of DNA polymerase III (DnaXL289Q) to decouple growth from arginine overproduction in engineered E. coli. These results provide a strategy to identify TS mutants en masse and demonstrate their large potential to produce bacterial metabolites with nongrowing cells.
Market access prospects for Ukrainian exporters of organic products to the EU market under the ecologization of the EU Common Agricultural Policy
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Horin Nataliya , Ukraynets Lilia ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: August 2023

The article identifies the main directions of the EU Common Agricultural Policy at the present stage, which are focused on the ecologization of the agricultural sector. Based on the goals of the CAP for the period 2021-2027, the dynamics and importance of the development of organic production in EU member states were analyzed. It is proved that organic farming and trade in organic products are the perspective niche area for Ukrainian exports to the EU. The main factors of the development of Ukrainian organic exports to the EU are highlighted, including simplified access to the EU market under the Free Trade Agreement with the EU, the significant capacity of the EU market, growing demand for organic food in EU member states, and insufficient domestic supply of organic products on the European market.
Impact of Eclecticism on Nigerian ESL learners’ communicative competence: A comparative study
Authors: Dozie Chinomso Patricia , Regis-Onuoha Adaeze Julia , Madu Lovina Ihunanya , Egwim Favour Ogemdi , Okere Mary Chizoma , Ihejirika Richard Chinedu
Published: August 2023

This study adopted three practical teaching strategies intended to positively affect learners’ writing skill while neutralising negative factors affecting their writing competence.To achieve the study objective which aimed at the assessment of the best teaching strategy to enhance learners’ writing proficiency, a comparative study of three teaching methods(namely communicative, eclectic and task-based methods) was used over a-6-week period as treatment on three experimental groups A, B, C respectively and a control group (D) was taught using conventional method. A pre-test was administered on two hundred (200) freshmen/subjects purposively selected from different Departments at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO). A post-test was used to ascertain the outcome of the six weeks period of treatment on their essay writing. Results varied according to groups but, most importantly, Group B showed very significant improvement and control group D showed no significant improvement at all in the post-test assessment while groups A and C’s writing ability improved just marginally at best post-test. Our findings suggest the need to pay attention to eclectic teaching technique as a crucial element in enhancing writing proficiency among learners. The implications and limitations of this research in addition to guidelines for future research are discussed.
Interpersonal written corrective feedback: A case study of reading log feedback
Authors: Sun Xiaomei
Published: August 2023

Written corrective feedback (WCF) has been given considerable attention in the past few decades in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing. However, few studies have focused on students’ written works and examined how their writing performance change in response to teachers’ feedback and comments. This paucity of data from students’ actual works is problematic. Accordingly, this study scrutinized eight secondary school students’ reading log entries written in EFL and the feedback their teacher provided. Data were also collected from semi-structured interviews with the students and the teacher. Findings indicate that the combination of direct error correction in in-text feedback and mitigation strategies in end comments could lead to effective integration of interpersonality into WCF. Specifically, mitigation strategies such as using suggestions, expectation, and encouragement in lieu of criticism contributed to constructive and effective feedback. Demonstrated effects on students’ writing include lengthened text, decreased grammar mistakes, enriched content, and increased exam marks for writing. Meanwhile, teacher-student relationship was reported to have improved due to the application of interpersonal WCF. Practical implications of the findings include specific strategies that EFL teachers could adopt to effect interpersonality in WCF and thus enhanced student written works.
College students’ preferences for written corrective feedback
Authors: Shinta Lucia Geneviave Bella , Astuti Utari Praba , Ariani Nova
Published: August 2023

Although written corrective feedback (WCF) is provided to give students information about their writing which intends to help them make improvement, students may have different expectations of how WCF should be delivered. This study was focused on investigating English Language Education (ELE) students’ preferences for the WCF covering the preferences for amount of feedback, writing aspects to focus on, correction techniques, and tones of feedback. A number of 188 ELE students participated in this study. Using mixed-methods design to collect data, the study revealed that the students expected to always have WCF on their errors as they have desire to always make improvement. Having WCF is considered essential as some students had difficulty analyzing errors independently. Besides believing the importance of all aspects of writing, the students mentioned some reasons related to their weaknesses that require focuses on all feedback. Most of the students preferred direct feedback and indirect feedback with location and indication of error types as they valued detailed feedback. The students saw feedback in negative tone and suggestive tone as the source of improvement, while one in positive tone increased positive feelings towards writing. The findings suggest the importance of increasing the students’ awareness of how to get benefits from different WCF techniques while still accommodating their preferences.
Google Docs in English for Business Purposes courses: The exploration of students’ acceptance
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Fajriah Yustika Nur , Yunita Sri
Published: August 2023

serving as the foundation for reflection on learning, including in classes of EBP (English for Business Purposes) as a branch of ESP (English for Specific Purposes). The recent study aims at exploring EBP students’ acceptance of the use of Google Docs as a learning platform in their class using the framework of TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). A qualitative case study was adopted by administering an open-ended questionnaire and a structured-group interview. The participants involved were one class of EBP students consisting of 18 persons at one private university in Depok, West Java, Indonesia. The findings revealed that most of the students positively accept the use of Google Docs in their EBP writing class. Particularly, based on PU (Perceived Usefulness), the students viewed that Google Docs gives them assistance to write and improve their writing skills. In the view of PEU (Perceived Ease of Use), Google Docs has been seen as a user-friendly platform.  The students also evinced a fine attitude in terms of ATT (Attitude Towards Technology). In the aspect of BI (Behavioral Intention), most students highlighted their preference for the use of Google Docs in the future, both for academic and professional purposes. Recommendations for ESP instructional practices with the utilization of Google Docs and potential research in the future are forwarded.
Research and development of bunton structures of double-row rope-profile guides for movement of lifting cages
Authors: Rubel Andrii , Kuraieva Olena
Published: August 2023

The paper studies the existing options of rigid reinforcement of vertical shafts, consisting of buntons and guides of various types, which ensure the movement of vehicles in the shaft reinforcement with double-row rope-profile guides. We have considered various layouts and structures of tiers for various number of vehicles moving in the shaft and their purpose (skips, cages, counterweights), and analyzed their advantages and disadvantages. On the basis of analysis and research, the structures of buntons for double-row rope-profile guides and the legs with grips have been developed that allow the guides to move up and down relative to the tier, to transfer horizontal dynamic forces in the frontal and lateral planes. Research, analysis, development and implementation of bunton structures for double-row rope-profile guides and implementation with connecting rods, frames, which provide greater reliability while maintaining all the necessary clearances (according to the Safety Rules) between the vehicles and the shaft lining, in the "vehicle-reinforcement" system. Using the results of these studies in the development of existing structures will achieve the following results: - increasing the safety level while observing the standard clearances in the elements of shaft reinforcement; - reducing capital costs due to a decrease in the metal consumption of the tier of shaft reinforcement; - reducing the labor intensity of maintenance and repair by reducing the number of buntons and their fastening elements; - reducing the effect of clogging and corrosion on the durability of rope-profile guides and buntons; - reducing the impact of shaft lining violation on the reinforcement; - increasing the reliability level of kinematic connection in the "guide-bunton" system; - providing standard clearances in the shaft section at a safe level; - ensuring a high reliability level and safe operation of the shaft reinforcement with rope-profile guides. The implementation of developed structures of double-row rope-profile guides of the vertical shaft reinforcement will lead to an increase in the level of safe operation, while reducing the metal consumption and the cost of maintenance and operation of the vertical shaft reinforcement.
The concept of risk-based technical solutions for the protection of ore and non-ore mine workings
Authors:   M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Skipochka Serhii , Krukovskyi Oleksandr ,   M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Serhiienko Viktor ,   M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: August 2023

The subject of the research presented in the article is the fastening and protection of mine workings for the extraction of ore and non-ore minerals for the construction industry. The purpose of the work is the development of the concept of risk-oriented technical and technological solutions for the protection of underground mine workings to dramatically increase the efficiency and safety of extraction of ore and non-ore minerals at deposits of a complex structure. The work uses the well-known mixed method of risk assessment, which assumes that underground mining production is accompanied by three main interrelated indicators: occupational safety of miners, environmental safety, and financial and economic risks. The method involves building a matrix of consequences and probabilities by ranking them. The technical-technological solutions for fastening and protection of workings of iron ore and uranium mines and underground enterprises for the extraction of non-metallic raw materials are analyzed. Their shortcomings are identified and the associated risks of operation and long-term preservation of underground enterprises are assessed. The concept of technical and technological solutions for improving the safety, environmental and economic performance of mines is proposed, which should be the basis of the new regulatory and technical documentation for the protection of workings. In particular, for ore mines, this concerns the transition to new technologies of anchorage, special conditions for lining junctions, introduction of bookmarks in particularly dangerous areas, control and reduction of water inflows. For mines producing non-metallic raw materials, the effectiveness of a complete transition from drilling and blasting technology to a mining machinermed one has been practically. If there are thick seams, it is recommended to work them out in separate layers, leaving a gap between them. It is advisable to divide the zones of geological disturbances into small areas, which are outlined with barrier pillars. Emphasis is placed on the mandatory implementation of comprehensive monitoring of the condition of the roof of the structures and their lining on the active and decommissioned areas. Depending on the degree of risk of collapse in large-scale mine workings and its impact on ground objects, the feasibility of using stowing is determined. Research results can be used to implement measures to improve miners' labor safety, environmental safety, and economic performance of ore and non-ore mines.
Formation and stability of gold nanoparticles in colloids prepared by citrate method
Authors:   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vityuk N. V. , Eremenko A. M. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Rusinchuk N. M. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Ukraine, Lozovski V. Z. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Ukraine, Lokshyn M. M. ,   V.Е. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lysenko V. S. ,   V.Е. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Mukha Iu. P. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: August 2023

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have found a variety of applications in different areas, particularly in biomedical practices. The activity of Au NPs strongly depends on the size and association of particles in colloid, that in turn are greatly affected by experimental parameters of the reaction. The obtaining of Au NPs even via classical procedure of citrate method can be a challenge. In the present work we applied different experimental approaches to affect the process of Au NPs formation in the presence of sodium citrate. Au NPs were obtained using different experimental procedures and varying the ratio of reagents, their concentrations, temperature of reaction, duration of heating, the order of introduction of reagents into the reaction mixture, pH, and so on. Comparative analyses of UV-vis spectra with DLS data by number, volume and intensity basis allowed to trace the changes in Au NPs colloid, find optimal experimental conditions and predict prolonged stability of colloids. Applying size-dependent Hamaker constant to DLVO theory explains experimental results. The formation of Au NPs strongly depends on the ratio of the functional groups of the molecule involved simultaneously in the reduction of metal ions, the binding to the surface of Au NPs and the formation of a charge for stabilization due to electrostatic repulsion. The change in the ratio of components is not enough to get a different size of Au NPs. Big concentration of the reagents mostly affects the aggregation process and colloid aging. Temperature is a critical activation factor, that should be about 100 °C, but prolonged heating causes collision induced aggregation. The initial stage of particles growth (the mechanism) can be affected with the change of pH of the system due to formation of deprotonated carboxyl groups and gold hydroxocomplexes.
Optical absorption by titanium dioxide nanocrystals
Authors:   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Pokytnii S. I. , Terets A. D. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: August 2023

Using a variational method within the framework of the effective mass approximation, using a triangular coordinate system of an electron, hole, and exciton moving in a titanium dioxide quantum dot, the exciton energy spectrum was obtained as a function of the radius a of the quantum dot. The variational wave function of the exciton contained factors that took into account the motion of an electron and a hole in a potential well of infinite depth of a quantum dot, as well as the form of a hydrogen-like wave function. It is shown that the occurrence of an exciton in a quantum dot has a threshold character. An exciton, as a bound state of an electron and a hole, is formed starting from a certain critical radius ac, the value of which exceeds the Bohr radius of the exciton in titanium dioxide. The exciton energy levels are located in the band gap of the titanium dioxide quantum dot. In this case, with an increase in the radius a of the quantum dot (so that a≥ac), a band of exciton states appears in the band gap of the titanium dioxide quantum dot. The mechanism for the formation of optical absorption spectra in nanosystems containing titanium dioxide nanocrystals are presented. It is found that the optical absorption of anatase NC, which was observed under the experimental conditions, was due to the appearance of an exciton in the NC. Using the variational calculation of the energy spectrum of an exciton in NC, the position of the absorption peak of NC anatase was determined. This absorption peak differs slightly from the absorption peak, which was obtained in the experimental work.
Taking into account environmental constraints on emissions in economic models long-term forecasting of energy consumption (review of publications)
Authors:   General Energy Institute of NAS of Ukraine 172, Antonovycha St., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Maistrenko Natalia
Published: August 2023

An overview of existing methodological approaches for long-term forecasting of energy consumption at various hierarchical levels of economic structure (in individual sections, sections, groups, classes, and industries or services) is provided for the development of mathematical dependencies for accounting for restrictions on emissions of greenhouse gas and air pollutants in further work. These approaches will complement the system of mathematical models for long-term forecasting of energy consumption in the country's economy, which were previously used at General Energy Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It is proposed to use mutually agreed mathematical models of three types to study the long-term development and functioning of energy consumption: models of the life cycle of the main technological facilities at the enterprise level, simulation models of the formation of transit flows of energy resources through the territory of Ukraine and optimization models for predicting the development of a certain section (industry) of the economy, which are generally applied in the energy supply system in the country. Also, for energy-intensive sections of the economy as electricity consumers, it is necessary to take into account: the manufacturer of products that has a reference indicator of emissions, with or without interchangeability of electricity and fuel, calculates direct emissions from production plus indirect emissions from consumed electricity. In other cases, they are calculated on the basis of a reference indicator of emissions for fuel or technological processes, and (or) adjusted for the ratio of direct emissions to the sum of direct and indirect emissions. Keywords: fuel and energy resources, modeling, forecasting, electricity consumption, greenhouse gases.
Heterogeneity and Gaps in Reporting Primary Outcomes From Neonatal Trials
Authors: Baba Ami , Webbe James , Butcher Nancy J. , Rodrigues Craig , Stallwood Emma , Goren Katherine , Monsour Andrea , Chang Alvin S.M. , Trivedi Amit , Manley Brett J. , McCall Emma , Bogossian Fiona , Namba Fumihiko , Schmölzer Georg M. , Harding Jane , Nguyen Kim An , Doyle Lex W. , Jardine Luke , Rysavy Matthew A. , Konstantinidis Menelaos , Meyer Michael , Helmi Muhd Alwi Muhd , Lai Nai Ming , Hay Susanne , Onland Wes , Choo Yao Mun , Gale Chris , Soll Roger F. , Offringa Martin ,   Core Outcome Reporting in Neonatal Trials Study Group
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES

Clear outcome reporting in clinical trials facilitates accurate interpretation and application of findings and improves evidence-informed decision-making. Standardized core outcomes for reporting neonatal trials have been developed, but little is known about how primary outcomes are reported in neonatal trials. Our aim was to identify strengths and weaknesses of primary outcome reporting in recent neonatal trials.

METHODS

Neonatal trials including ≥100 participants/arm published between 2015 and 2020 with at least 1 primary outcome from a neonatal core outcome set were eligible. Raters recruited from Cochrane Neonatal were trained to evaluate the trials’ primary outcome reporting completeness using relevant items from Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials 2010 and Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials-Outcomes 2022 pertaining to the reporting of the definition, selection, measurement, analysis, and interpretation of primary trial outcomes. All trial reports were assessed by 3 raters. Assessments and discrepancies between raters were analyzed.

RESULTS

Outcome-reporting evaluations were completed for 36 included neonatal trials by 39 raters. Levels of outcome reporting completeness were highly variable. All trials fully reported the primary outcome measurement domain, statistical methods used to compare treatment groups, and participant flow. Yet, only 28% of trials fully reported on minimal important difference, 24% on outcome data missingness, 66% on blinding of the outcome assessor, and 42% on handling of outcome multiplicity.

CONCLUSIONS

Primary outcome reporting in neonatal trials often lacks key information needed for interpretability of results, knowledge synthesis, and evidence-informed decision-making in neonatology. Use of existing outcome-reporting guidelines by trialists, journals, and peer reviewers will enhance transparent reporting of neonatal trials.
Strengthening Reporting of Neonatal Trials
Authors: Webbe James , Baba Ami , Butcher Nancy J. , Rodrigues Craig , Stallwood Emma , Goren Katherine , Monsour Andrea , Chang Alvin S. M. , Trivedi Amit , Manley Brett J. , McCall Emma , Bogossian Fiona , Namba Fumihiko , Schmölzer Georg M. , Popat Himanshu , Nguyen Kim An , Doyle Lex W. , Jardine Luke , Rysavy Matthew A. , Konstantinidis Menelaos , Muhd Helmi Muhd Alwi , Lai Nai Ming , Hay Susanne , Onland Wes , Choo Yao Mun , Gale Chris , Soll Roger F. , Offringa Martin ,   CORE OUTCOME REPORTING IN NEONATAL TRIALS (CORINT) STUDY GROUP
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

There is variability in the selection and reporting of outcomes in neonatal trials with key information frequently omitted. This can impact applicability of trial findings to clinicians, families, and caregivers, and impair evidence synthesis. The Neonatal Core Outcomes Set describes outcomes agreed as clinically important that should be assessed in all neonatal trials, and Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT)-Outcomes 2022 is a new, harmonized, evidence-based reporting guideline for trial outcomes. We reviewed published trials using CONSORT-Outcomes 2022 guidance to identify exemplars of neonatal core outcome reporting to strengthen description of outcomes in future trial publications.

METHODS

Neonatal trials including >100 participants per arm published between 2015 to 2020 with a primary outcome included in the Neonatal Core Outcome Set were identified. Primary outcome reporting was reviewed using CONSORT 2010 and CONSORT-Outcomes 2022 guidelines by assessors recruited from Cochrane Neonatal. Examples of clear and complete outcome reporting were identified with verbatim text extracted from trial reports.

RESULTS

Thirty-six trials were reviewed by 39 assessors. Examples of good reporting for CONSORT 2010 and CONSORT-Outcomes 2022 criteria were identified and subdivided into 3 outcome categories: “survival,” “short-term neonatal complications,” and “long-term developmental outcomes” depending on the core outcomes to which they relate. These examples are presented to strengthen future research reporting.

CONCLUSIONS

We have identified examples of good trial outcome reporting. These illustrate how important neonatal outcomes should be reported to meet the CONSORT 2010 and CONSORT-Outcomes 2022 guidelines. Emulating these examples will improve the transmission of information relating to outcomes and reduce associated research waste.
Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2023–2024
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, O’Leary Sean T. , Campbell James D. , Ardura Monica I. , Banerjee Ritu , Bryant Kristina A. , Caserta Mary T. , Frenck Robert W. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , John Chandy C. , Kourtis Athena P. , Myers Angela , Pannaraj Pia , Ratner Adam J. , Shah Samir S. , Bryant Kristina A. , Hofstetter Annika M. , Chaparro Juan D. , Michel Jeremy J. , Kimberlin David W. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Lynfield Ruth , Sawyer Mark H. , Bernstein Henry H. , Cardemil Cristina V. , Farizo Karen M. , Kafer Lisa M. , Kim David , López Medina Eduardo , Moore Denee , Panagiotakopoulos Lakshmi , Romero José R. , Sauvé Laura , Starke Jeffrey R. , Thompson Jennifer , Wharton Melinda , Woods Charles R. , Frantz Jennifer M. , Gibbs Gillian
Published: August 2023

This statement updates the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the routine use of influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children during the 2023–2024 influenza season. A detailed review of the evidence supporting these recommendations is published in the accompanying technical report (www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2023-063773). The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends annual influenza vaccination of all children without medical contraindications starting at 6 months of age. Children are at risk for hospitalization and death from influenza. Influenza vaccination is an important strategy for protecting children and the broader community, as well as reducing the overall burden of respiratory illnesses when other viruses are cocirculating. Any licensed influenza vaccine appropriate for age and health status can be administered, ideally as soon as possible in the season, without preference for one product or formulation over another.

Antiviral treatment of influenza is recommended for children with suspected (eg, influenza-like illness [fever with either cough or sore throat]) or confirmed influenza who are hospitalized, have severe or progressive disease, or have underlying conditions that increase their risk of complications of influenza, regardless of duration of illness. Antiviral treatment should be initiated as soon as possible. Antiviral treatment may be considered in the outpatient setting for symptomatic children with suspected or confirmed influenza disease who are not at high risk for influenza complications, if treatment can be initiated within 48 hours of illness onset. Antiviral treatment may also be considered for children with suspected or confirmed influenza disease whose siblings or household contacts either are younger than 6 months or have a high-risk condition that predisposes them to complications of influenza. Antiviral chemoprophylaxis is recommended for the prevention of influenza virus infection as an adjunct to vaccination in certain individuals, especially exposed children who are at high risk for influenza complications but have not yet been immunized or those who are not expected to mount an effective immune response.
Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2023–2024
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, O’Leary Sean T. , Campbell James D. , Ardura Monica I. , Banerjee Ritu , Bryant Kristina A. , Caserta Mary T. , Frenck Robert W. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , John Chandy C. , Kourtis Athena P. , Myers Angela , Pannaraj Pia , Ratner Adam J. , Shah Samir S. , Bryant Kristina A. , Hofstetter Annika M. , Chaparro Juan D. , Michel Jeremy J. , Kimberlin David W. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Lynfield Ruth , Sawyer Mark H. , Bernstein Henry H. , Cardemil Cristina V. , Farizo Karen M. , Kafer Lisa M. , Kim David , López Medina Eduardo , Moore Denee , Panagiotakopoulos Lakshmi , Romero José R. , Sauvé Laura , Starke Jeffrey R. , Thompson Jennifer , Wharton Melinda , Woods Charles R. , Frantz Jennifer M. , Gibbs Gillian
Published: August 2023

This technical report accompanies the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the routine use of influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children during the 2023–2024 season. The rationale for the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation for annual influenza vaccination of all children without medical contraindications starting at 6 months of age is provided. Influenza vaccination is an important strategy for protecting children and the broader community against influenza. This technical report summarizes recent influenza seasons, morbidity and mortality in children, vaccine effectiveness, and vaccination coverage, and provides detailed guidance on vaccine storage, administration, and implementation. The report also provides a brief background on inactivated and live-attenuated influenza vaccines, available vaccines this season, vaccination during pregnancy and breastfeeding, diagnostic testing for influenza, and antiviral medications for treatment and chemoprophylaxis. Strategies to promote vaccine uptake are emphasized.
Summer 2023 ACIP Update: RSV Prevention and Updated Recommendations on Other Vaccines
Authors: O’Leary Sean T. , Yonts Alexandra B. , Gaviria-Agudelo Claudia , Kimberlin David W. , Paulsen Grant C.
Published: August 2023

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), a group of medical and public health experts that provides advice to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, normally meets 3 times per year to develop US vaccine recommendations. The ACIP met June 21–23, 2023, to discuss respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines, influenza vaccines, pneumococcal vaccines, meningococcal vaccines, and COVID-19 vaccines. The ACIP also held a special meeting on August 3, 2023, to discuss RSV prophylaxis in infants. This update summarizes the proceedings of these meetings that are most relevant to the pediatric population. Major updates for pediatric clinicians include a new recommendation for the monoclonal antibody nirsevimab for prevention of RSV disease in all infants, recommendations regarding use of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and discussion of potential forthcoming changes to meningococcal and COVID-19 vaccination recommendations.
Kritische Analyse der sozialen Integration einer sogenannten "Problemgruppe" im Wiener Stadtraum
Authors: Kohlbacher Josef , Rasuly-Paleczek Gabriele
Published: August 2023

Der Forschungsbericht widmet sich einer Herkunftsgruppe, die oft pauschal als „Problemgruppe“ stigmatisiert wird. Der Fokus liegt auf der sozialen Integration der afghanischen Communities in Wien sowie der Nutzung (halb)öffentlicher Räume. Interaktionen in öffentlichen Räumen machen die Afghan:innen im Stadtraum sichtbar und können zu einem positiven sozialen Austausch beitragen, führen aber auch zu Konflikten. Neben der Nutzung urbaner Erholungsräume wurden daher medial präsente „Hotspots“ wie der Westbahnhof nicht ausgespart. Ein Kapitel widmet sich den vielfältigen Sozialkontakten afghanischer Frauen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Tradition und Integration in die Aufnahmegesellschaft. Da die Erhebungsphase des Projekts noch in die Zeit der COVID-19-Pandemie fiel, wurden deren Auswirkungen ebenfalls berücksichtigt. Den Autor:innen war es ein Anliegen, die sozioökonomische, bildungs- und wertebezogene Diversität der Afghan:innen und deren Konsequenzen zu analysieren und von einseitigen medialen Darstellungen abzurücken.
desafios da Educação Infantil frente à crise pandêmica
Authors: Flores Danielle Bonamin , Melo Marcos Gervânio de Azevedo
Published: August 2023

Este estudo articula a reflexão sobre os impactos sociais da pandemia ocasionada pelo COVID-19 na educação infantil e a observância das especificidades do currículo para os bebês e para as crianças pequenas. Para isso, expõe-se como as normativas que embasam essa etapa educacional articulam o direito à educação em um cenário pandêmico e de que modo elas dialogam com as funções sociais e políticas da primeira etapa da educação básica, apoiado nas discussões sobre a indissociabilidade entre cuidado e educação. Embora a legislação educacional destaque as especificidades da infância e a necessidade de adequação de papéis e funções em defesa dos bebês e das crianças, compreendidos enquanto cidadãos de direitos, este estudo se propõe a refletir sobre como isso se revela no cenário nacional a partir da análise da proposição das normativas para essa etapa educacional e a observância de como as necessidades de bebês e crianças têm sido consideradas frente às ações de enfrentamento da crise pandêmica.
Critical branching processes in a sparse random environment
Authors: Buraczewski Dariusz , Dong Congzao , Iksanov Alexander , Marynych Alexander
Published: August 2023

We introduce a branching process in a sparse random environment as an intermediate model between a Galton–Watson process and a branching process in a random environment. In the critical case we investigate the survival probability and prove Yaglom-type limit theorems, that is, limit theorems for the size of population conditioned on the survival event.
Comparison of whey proteins and lipophilic vitamins between four cow breeds maintained in intensive production system
Authors:   Departmentof Commodity Science and Processing of Raw Animal Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland, Król
Published: August 2023

The aim of the study was to determine the content of whey proteins and fat-soluble vitamins in milk samples of four cow breeds maintained in Poland, i.e. Holstein-Friesian, Montbéliarde, Jersey and Simmental. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of certain whey protein fractions, i.e. α-lactalbumin (α-La), β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg), bovine albumin serum (BSA), lactoferrin and lysozyme, and lipophilic vitamins (A, D3 and E) were performed using a RP-HPLC method. According to the obtained results, the breed of cow significantly affected the level of whey proteins and lipophilic vitamins in milk. The lowest amounts of these nutrients were found in milk produced by the Holstein-Friesian cows. Milk of Simmental cows contained the statistically significant and highest levels of antioxidant substances, i.e. vitamins A - 0.465 mg L-1, E - 1.302 mg L-1 and D3 - 0.653 µg L-1 at P≤0.05, as well as β-lactoglobulin (3.28 g L-1 at P≤0.01). In addition, Simmental cow milk was also characterized by higher content of antimicrobial proteins - lactoferrin and lysozyme (respectively: 121.23 mg x L-1 at P≤0.01 and 9.66 µg x L-1 at P≤0.05) if compared with other cow breeds.
Analysis of milk production, age at first calving, calving interval and economic parameters in dairy cattle management
Authors:   Department of Cattle Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 10400 Prague 10 - Uhříněves, Czech Republic, Krpálková Lenka
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate main indicators of milk production on total 60 commercial dairy herds from the Czech Republic during a 9-yr period (2006-2014). Breakeven points and sensitivity analysis were used and associations of age at first calving (AFC), milk yield (MY) and calving interval (CI) were analyzed. Lowest AFC≤749 d showed the highest fertility, the lowest death rate of calves and lowest profitability without subsidies -2.49 %. Highest MY≥9,000 kg showed the highest fertility, lowest AFC, lowest feed costs and total costs 8.58 CZK (0.32 EUR) per L of milk and subsequent highest profitability 2.37 %. The analysis of fertility showed that herds with the lowest CI (≤389 d) achieved lowest cow depreciation costs 0.71 CZK (0.03 EUR) per L of milk, highest total costs 9.72 CZK (0.36 EUR) per L of milk and highest profitability 1.29 %. Breakeven points for the price of milk ranged between 7.81 and 8.75 CZK (0.29 and 0.32 EUR) per L in yr 2007 and 2014. Increase in input prices should adversely affect the increase the price of milk. The increase of price of milk by 1 % in 2014 will cause an increase in profit of CZK 745 (27.6 EUR) per cow per year.
Quality and stability of different seafood products treated with high hydrostatic pressure (HPP) intended for raw consumption
Authors: Saldanha Pinheiro Ana Cristina de Aguiar , Tappi Silvia , Braschi Giacomo , Genovese Jessica , Patrignani Francesca , Rocculi Pietro
Published: August 2023

The consumption of raw fish has rapidly increased in recent years, but being a highly perishable product, it is characterised by a very short microbiological shelf life. High hydrostatic pressure (HPP) processing is a non-thermal technology has emerged recently as a promising alternative to thermal processing for food pasteurization capable of maintaining fresh-like characteristics and nutritional value. However, the induced changes in product quality should be assessed carefully. The present research aimed to investigate the effect of HPP on different seafood products, namely grey mullet, tiger prawn and rose shrimp, intended for raw consumption. Three pressure levels (400, 500 and 600 MPa) were applied for 10 min. During refrigerated storage, microbiological quality, chemical parameters, colour and texture and fat oxidation were analysed. Results showed that the application of lower pressure was able to inactivate E. coli, pseudomonas and/or positive coagulase staphylococci; however, they were able to recover during storage. In addition, the application of 600-MPa pressure extended the microbiological shelf life by up to 30 days. For all samples, general whitening occurred while the texture was affected in a different way for the three considered species. Fat oxidation was only minimally affected and remained quite low during storage.
Certified Athletic Trainers’ Fight for State Regulation in California
Authors: Greicar Margo , Abdenour Tom , Post Eric
Published: August 2023

California remains the only state in the nation without regulation in the form of licensure, registration or title protection for the athletic training profession.  Athletic Trainers (AT) have advocated vigorously since the mid-1980s to have legislation vetoed by two separate governors on six different occasions.  A total of 307 (14.6%) of 2100 current National Athletic Trainers Association  (NATA) members were surveyed regarding this lack of regulation in California. Virtually all, (98%) supported the need for state regulation and the preponderance  (93%) believed it should consist of licensure. Many respondents (78%) also indicated that the lack of regulation negatively impacts the public’s perception of the athletic training profession across the United States. Sixty-eight percent of respondents agreed that the lack of regulation negatively impacts ATs accepting employment in the state of California. Lastly, 87% agreed that the lack of regulation negatively impacted the safety of physically active individuals in California. Since 2002, ATs in California have attempted to have eight bills related to athletic training regulation with no success of being enacted.  It is the perception of the NATA members surveyed in this study, that California needs state regulation, preferably in the form of licensure, for the protection of the health, safety, and wellbeing of physically active individuals and a better public understanding of the critical public health role and contributions of an ATs.
Recommendations for Cultural Competence Educational by Practicing Athletic Trainers
Authors: Strong Lorna
Published: August 2023

Athletic trainers are allied health professionals providing healthcare to individuals from diverse personal and ethnic backgrounds in various of practices settings. The purpose of this phenomenological case study was to explore cultural competence of practicing athletic trainers, credentialed to practice between one and three years, having graduated from one accredited athletic training program in Texas.  The guided protocol included five research questions to assess knowledge and skills of the participants in provision of culturally competent strategies used in clinical practice.  Eleven athletic trainers were interviewed to assess the ability to define cultural competence and enumerate experiences of implementation of effective patient care. The findings revealed the participants of this study provided culturally competent care to diverse patient groups.  Additional findings included the ability to recognize the importance of effective communication, sociocultural considerations, and expanded needs for educational content for professional preparation. Findings in study suggested the following implications: athletic trainers must be aware of patient diversity, the relationships between athletic trainer and patient are important for assisting patient outcomes, effective use of appropriate communication techniques are paramount to patient outcomes, and athletic training curricula need to provide a foundation of cultural competence with expanded content on patient diversity and treatment methods for enhanced preparation of future athletic training professionals to provide effective culturally competent care.
Arcybiskup Aleksy i strigolnicy. Pontyfikat w cieniu herezji
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, Grala Marcin
Published: August 2023

One of the most interesting issues in the history of the Orthodox Church in the Middle Ages is the existence of the strigolniki heresy in the 14th and 15th centuries – a peculiar religious movement contesting the official teaching of the Orthodox Church and negating church hierarchical structures. In this article, the author focused on analyzing the actions of Archbishop Alexius, who was the first clergyman to take decisive action to end the heresy spreading in his eparchy
Proceso de instrucción de la derivada aplicado a estudiantes de Ingeniería Comercial en Chile
Authors: Illanes Maritza Katherine Galindo , Breda Adriana
Published: August 2023

[Objetivo] El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados de la implementación de un diseño instruccional de enseñanza de la derivada para estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de Ingeniería Comercial en Chile. [Metodología] Los participantes del estudio son noventa estudiantes de la asignatura de Cálculo Aplicado a los Negocios de una universidad chilena. El diseño metodológico, basado en las herramientas del Enfoque Ontosemiotico de la Cognición e instrucción Matemáticos, considera diversas configuraciones ontosemióticas en las situaciones-problemas sobre tangentes, el cálculo de derivadas a partir de reglas y teoremas de derivación, aplicaciones de la derivada para el cálculo de máximos y mínimos y análisis de gráficas de funciones. Además, integra las TIC en las diversas actividades. [Resultados] Los resultados indican que la propuesta instruccional de enseñanza de la derivada supera algunas de las dificultades de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, evidenciadas en diversas investigaciones. En particular, las dificultades de los estudiantes de Ingeniería Comercial en torno a la concepción euclidiana de la recta tangente; la interpretación de la función derivada y su representación geométrica, la optimización de funciones económicas y la aplicación de la derivada a funciones marginales. [Conclusiones] Se considera que para que ocurra la efectividad de un proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la derivada en una carrera específica, es fundamental que los programas de asignatura y los formadores de los futuros profesionales incorporen, en la instrucción, las configuraciones ontosemioticas de la derivada, sus diferentes campos de problemas y las aplicaciones contextuales junto a los recursos TIC.