bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metastable CrMnNi steels processed by laser powder bed fusion: experimental assessment of elementary mechanisms contributing to microstructure, properties and residual stress
Authors: Richter J. , Bartzsch G. , Scherbring S. , Bolender A. , Vollmer M. , Mola J. , Volkova O. , Niendorf T.
Published: December 2022

The complex thermal history imposed by the laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) process is known to promote the evolution of unique microstructures. In the present study, metastable CrMnNi steels with different nickel contents and, thus, different phase stabilities are manufactured by PBF-LB/M. Results clearly reveal that an adequate choice of materials will allow to tailor mechanical properties as well as residual stress states in the as-built material to eventually redundantize any thermal post-treatment. The chemical differences lead to different phase constitutions in as-built conditions and, thus, affect microstructure evolution and elementary deformation mechanisms upon deformation, i.e., twinning and martensitic transformation. Such alloys designed for additive manufacturing (AM) highlight the possibility to tackle well-known challenges in AM such as limited damage tolerance, porosity and detrimental residual stress states without conducting any post treatments, e.g., stress relieve and hot isostatic pressing. From the perspective of robust design of AM components, indeed it seems to be a very effective approach to adapt the material to the process characteristics of AM.
Cataract progression following lens-sparing pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Bellucci Carlo , Benatti Lucia , Rossi Maurizio , Tedesco Salvatore Antonio , Carta Arturo , Calzetti Giacomo , Gandolfi Stefano , Mora Paolo
Published: December 2022

Lens-sparing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is often followed by cataract development. However, there have been few prospective studies evaluating the timing of cataract progression and potential associated factors. This was an observational study conducted at the Ophthalmology Unit of the University Hospital of Parma (Parma, Italy). Patients presenting with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), who underwent PPV with preservation of the lens, were examined according to a scheduled follow-up (3, 6 and 12 months after PPV) and then preoperatively when cataract extraction surgery (CES) was indicated, or at the end of the study follow-up period (May 2021). The primary outcome was the interval between PPV and CES indication (based on predefined refractive criteria). A total of 36 eyes of 36 patients (mean age: 52 ± 10 years) were included in the study. Nineteen eyes (53%) were indicated for CES a median of 14.5 months (IQR: 12.0–24.8) after PPV. The nuclear and posterior subcapsular forms of cataract progressed significantly starting at 6 months after PPV. Older age at the time of PPV, silicone oil tamponade and RRD without macular involvement were significantly and independently associated with an earlier indication for CES. Patient age and the use of silicone oil tamponade must be taken into consideration when evaluating the risk of cataract development after PPV.
Ventral premotor cortex encodes task relevant features during eye and head movements
Authors: Smalianchuk Ivan , Gandhi Neeraj J.
Published: December 2022

Visual exploration of the environment is achieved through gaze shifts or coordinated movements of the eyes and the head. The kinematics and contributions of each component can be decoupled to fit the context of the required behavior, such as redirecting the visual axis without moving the head or rotating the head without changing the line of sight. A neural controller of these effectors, therefore, must show code relating to multiple muscle groups, and it must also differentiate its code based on context. In this study we tested whether the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) in monkey exhibits a population code relating to various features of eye and head movements. We constructed three different behavioral tasks or contexts, each with four variables to explore whether PMv modulates its activity in accordance with these factors. We found that task related population code in PMv differentiates between all task related features and conclude that PMv carries information about task relevant features during eye and head movements. Furthermore, this code represents both lower-level (effector and movement direction) and higher-level (context) information.
Establishment and validation of a redox-related long non-coding RNAs prognostic signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Kaitai , Huang Tianyi , Zhang Hui , Deng Hongxia , Tang Ming
Published: December 2022

Reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions occur in living organisms as part of normal cellular metabolism. Here, we established a novel redox-related long non-coding RNAs (rrlncRNAs) signature to predict the prognosis and therapeutic response in Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The expression profile and clinical information were obtained from the TCGA project. In total, 10 differently expressed rrlncRNAs associated with prognosis were identified and involved in a prognostic risk score signature by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalized Cox analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the survival rates predicted by the rrlncRNAs signature over one, two, and three years were found to be 0.651, 0.670, and 0.679. Following the completion of the Kaplan–Meier survival study, we discovered that the lower-risk cohort exhibited a much longer overall survival period in contrast with the higher-risk cohort. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses demonstrated that the risk score independently served as a significant predictive factor. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analyses illustrated that the rrlncRNAs signature was strongly associated with immune-related functions as well as signaling pathways. The tumor-infiltrating immune cells, tumor microenvironment, immune-related functions, HLA gene family expression, immune checkpoint genes expression, and somatic variants differed substantially between the low- and high-risk cohorts. Moreover, patients in low-risk group were predicted to present a favorable immunotherapy responsiveness, while in contrast, the high-risk group patients might have a stronger sensitivity to “docetaxel”. According to our findings, the rrlncRNAs signature showed an excellent prognosis predictive value and might indicate therapeutic response to immunotherapy in HNSCC.
Sensitivity of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy in the diagnosis of different interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Zaizen Yoshiaki , Tachibana Yuri , Ozasa Mutsumi , Yamano Yasuhiko , Takei Reoto , Kohashi Yasuo , Kataoka Kensuke , Saito Yuji , Tabata Kazuhiro , Okamoto Masaki , Tominaga Masaki , Fujimoto Kiminori , Sakamoto Noriho , Ashizawa Kazuto , Mukae Hiroshi , Bychkov Andrey , Johkoh Takeshi , Hoshino Tomoaki , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Fukuoka Junya
Published: December 2022

The accuracy of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) in each disease for pathological and multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) diagnosis is not yet established. Method: We investigated 431 patients who were classified by MDD diagnosis and were grouped into the disease categories. For each category or disease, we used TBLC samples to calculate the sensitivities of the pathological diagnosis compared with MDD diagnoses. Further, we compared these sensitivities to pathological diagnoses with all clinical/radiological information. Result: The sensitivity for diagnosing idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIPs) with TBLC was higher than connective tissue disease associated ILD (CTD-ILD). Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (iNSIP), fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and some CTD-ILDs were diagnosed with lower sensitivities compared to IPF. The sensitivity of pathological diagnosis with all clinical/radiological information in IPF was higher than in iNSIP, but not significantly different from other diseases. The overall sensitivity of the pathological diagnosis with clinical/radiological information was 69.0%, significantly higher than without clinical/radiological information. Conclusion: The sensitivity of pathological diagnosis with TBLC was low for some diseases except IPF. The addition of all clinical/radiological information increased the sensitivity of pathology diagnosis by TBLC, which was no less sensitive than IPF for all diseases except iNSIP.
Analysis of the oral microbiome during hormonal cycle and its alterations in menopausal women: the “AMICA” project
Authors: Tramice A. , Paris D. , Manca A. , Guevara Agudelo F. A. , Petrosino S. , Siracusa L. , Carbone M. , Melck D. , Raymond F. , Piscitelli F.
Published: December 2022

The maintenance of human health is dependent on a symbiotic relationship between humans and associated bacteria. The diversity and abundance of each habitat’s signature microbes vary widely among body areas and among them the oral microbiome plays a key role. Significant changes in the oral cavity, predominantly at salivary and periodontal level, have been associated with changes in estrogen levels. However, whether the oral microbiome is affected by hormonal level alterations is understudied. Hence the main objective pursued by AMICA project was to characterize the oral microbiome (saliva) in healthy women through: profiling studies using "omics" technologies (NMR-based metabolomics, targeted lipidomics by LC–MS, metagenomics by NGS); SinglePlex ELISA assays; glycosidase activity analyses and bioinformatic analysis. For this purpose, thirty-nine medically healthy women aged 26–77 years (19 with menstrual cycle and 20 in menopause) were recruited. Participants completed questionnaires assessing detailed medical and medication history and demographic characteristics. Plasmatic and salivary levels of sexual hormones were assessed (FSH, estradiol, LH and progesteron) at day 3 and 14 for women with menstrual cycle and only once for women in menopause. Salivary microbiome composition was assessed through meta-taxonomic 16S sequencing and overall, the salivary microbiome of most women remained relatively stable throughout the menstrual cycle and in menopause. Targeted lipidomics and untargeted metabolomics profiling were assessed through the use of LC–MS and NMR spectroscopy technologies, respectively and significant changes in terms of metabolites were identified in saliva of post-menopausal women in comparison to cycle. Moreover, glycosyl hydrolase activities were screened and showed that the β-D-hexosaminidase activity was the most present among those analyzed. Although this study has not identified significant alterations in the composition of the oral microbiome, multiomics analysis have revealed a strong correlation between 2-AG and α-mannosidase. In conclusion, the use of a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the oral microbiome of healthy women provided some indication about microbiome-derived predictive biomarkers that could be used in the future for developing new strategies to help to re-establish the correct hormonal balance in post-menopausal women.
Aberrant glial activation and synaptic defects in CaMKIIα-iCre and nestin-Cre transgenic mouse models
Authors: Alia Alia O. , Jeon Sohee , Popovic Jelena , Salvo Miranda A. , Sadleir Katherine R. , Vassar Robert , Cuddy Leah K.
Published: December 2022

Current scientific research is driven by the ability to manipulate gene expression by utilizing the Cre/loxP system in transgenic mouse models. However, artifacts in Cre-driver mouse lines that introduce undesired effects and confound results are increasingly being reported. Here, we show aberrant neuroinflammation and synaptic changes in two widely used Cre-driver mouse models. Neuroinflammation in CaMKIIα-iCre mice was characterized by the activation and proliferation of microglia and astrocytes in synaptic layers of the hippocampus. Increased GFAP and Iba1 levels were observed in hippocampal brain regions of 4-, 8- and 22-month-old CaMKIIα-iCre mice compared to WT littermates. Synaptic changes in NMDAR, AMPAR, PSD95 and phosphorylated CaMKIIα became apparent in 8-month-old CaMKIIα-iCre mice but were not observed in 4-month-old CaMKIIα-iCre mice. Synaptophysin and synaptoporin were unchanged in CaMKIIα-iCre compared to WT mice, suggesting that synaptic alterations may occur in excitatory postsynaptic regions in which iCre is predominantly expressed. Finally, hippocampal volume was reduced in 22-month-old CaMKIIα-iCre mice compared to WT mice. We tested the brains of mice of additional common Cre-driver mouse models for neuroinflammation; the nestin-Cre mouse model showed synaptic changes and astrocytosis marked by increased GFAP+ astrocytes in cortical and hippocampal regions, while the original CaMKIIα-Cre T29-1 strain was comparable to WT mice. The mechanisms underlying abnormal neuroinflammation in nestin-Cre and CaMKIIα-iCre are unknown but may be associated with high levels of Cre expression. Our findings are critical to the scientific community and demonstrate that the correct Cre-driver controls must be included in all studies using these mice.
The potential of multistress tolerant yeast, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, for second-generation bioethanol production
Authors: Pilap Warayutt , Thanonkeo Sudarat , Klanrit Preekamol , Thanonkeo Pornthap
Published: December 2022

Ethanol production at high temperatures using lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock requires a highly efficient thermo and lignocellulosic inhibitor-tolerant ethanologenic yeast. In this study, sixty-three yeast isolates were obtained from tropical acidic fruits using a selective acidified medium containing 80 mM glacial acetic acid. Twenty-nine of the yeast isolates exhibited significant thermo and acetic acid-tolerant fermentative abilities. All these isolates were classified into three major yeast species, namely Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Pichia kudriavzevii, and P. manshurica, based on molecular identification. Saccharomycodes ludwigii APRE2 displayed an ability to grow at high temperatures of up to 43 °C and exhibited significant multistress tolerance toward acetic acid, furfural, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF), and ethanol among the isolated yeast species. It can produce a maximum ethanol concentration of 63.07 g/L and productivity of 1.31 g/L.h in yeast extract malt extract (YM) medium containing 160 g/L glucose and supplemented with 80 mM acetic acid and 15 mM furfural as a cocktail inhibitor. When an acid-pretreated pineapple waste hydrolysate (PWH) containing approximately 106 g/L total sugars, 131 mM acetic acid, and 3.95 mM furfural was used as a feedstock, 38.02 g/L and 1.58 g/L.h of ethanol concentration and productivity, respectively, were achieved. Based on the results of the current study, the new thermo and acetic acid-tolerant yeast S. ludwigii APRE2 exhibited excellent potential for second-generation bioethanol production at high temperatures.
FANCD2 promotes mitotic rescue from transcription-mediated replication stress in SETX-deficient cancer cells
Authors: Said Maha , Barra Viviana , Balzano Elisa , Talhaoui Ibtissam , Pelliccia Franca , Giunta Simona , Naim Valeria
Published: December 2022

Replication stress (RS) is a leading cause of genome instability and cancer development. A substantial source of endogenous RS originates from the encounter between the transcription and replication machineries operating on the same DNA template. This occurs predominantly under specific contexts, such as oncogene activation, metabolic stress, or a deficiency in proteins that specifically act to prevent or resolve those transcription-replication conflicts (TRCs). One such protein is Senataxin (SETX), an RNA:DNA helicase involved in resolution of TRCs and R-loops. Here we identify a synthetic lethal interaction between SETX and proteins of the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway. Depletion of SETX induces spontaneous under-replication and chromosome fragility due to active transcription and R-loops that persist in mitosis. These fragile loci are targeted by the Fanconi anemia protein, FANCD2, to facilitate the resolution of under-replicated DNA, thus preventing chromosome mis-segregation and allowing cells to proliferate. Mechanistically, we show that FANCD2 promotes mitotic DNA synthesis that is dependent on XPF and MUS81 endonucleases. Importantly, co-depleting FANCD2 together with SETX impairs cancer cell proliferation, without significantly affecting non-cancerous cells. Therefore, we uncovered a synthetic lethality between SETX and FA proteins for tolerance of transcription-mediated RS that may be exploited for cancer therapy.
Thermal Management Applications of Nanofluids
Authors: Riehl R. R. , Murshed S. M. S.
Published: December 2022

Over the last decade, nanofluids have attracted substantial attention from researchers and engineers as an important contribution to enhancing the heat transfer capabilities of thermal systems. The fact that nanofluids can increase the thermal conductivity of working fluids through the addition of solid nanoparticles to the base fluid shows the potential improvements that can be brought about to a given thermal control system. The current use of nanofluids in thermal control devices has reached maturity, with projects being considered since their first design steps to use this new feature to enhance thermal capabilities. Important contributions have already addressed the gains obtained with the addition of solid nanoparticles to the base fluid as well as models to predict the thermophysical properties and behavior of nanofluid. Another important aspect in the application of nanofluids is related to their stability with time, without resulting in sedimentation of solid nanoparticles. The potentials of using nanofluids to achieve higher performance in thermal management applications and stability are discussed in this chapter, as well as the issues that need to be considered when applying this new type of working fluid.
Perillartine protects against metabolic associated fatty liver in high-fat diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Xiao Yang , Xiao Lianggui , Li Mingming , Liu Songsong , Wang Yuwei , Huang Liang , Liu Siqi , Jiang Tianyu , Zhou Lei , Li Yixing
Published: December 2022

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease is the main cause of chronic liver disease in the world, but there is still no effective treatment.
Near-infrared polarization-sensitive photodetectionviainterfacial symmetry engineering of an Si/MAPbI3heterostructural single crystal
Authors: Wu Jianbo , Zhang Xinyuan , Wang Ziyang , Liang Lishan , Niu Xinyi , Guan Qianwen , You Shihai , Luo Junhua
Published: December 2022

By utilizing the polar symmetry induced by the directional built-in electric field at the MAPbI3SC/Si heterostructure interface, large polarization ratios of 3.3 at 785 nm and 2.8 at 940 nm are achieved under the self-driven mode.
An ultrathin defect-rich nickel–cobalt oxide nanosheet array for enhanced bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis
Authors: Chen Wanru , Xiang Weikai , Li Wenbo , Zhang Hao , Du Fuping , Zhao Tiejun , Xiao Qi , Li Xiaopeng , Luo Wei
Published: December 2022

We report an ultrathin defect-rich nickel–cobalt oxide nanosheet array, which can actively and stably catalyze oxygen evolution and reduction reactions.
Operationally simple electrochemical method for the conversion of acetone into high-specification jet fuel
Authors: Shevchenko Nikolay , Villafuerte Jeremy , Ling Huitao , Walkling Christopher J. , Zhang Derek D. , Harvey Benjamin G. , Mascal Mark
Published: December 2022

Highly branched alkanes and cycloalkanes are produced via electrochemical processing of the renewable platform molecule mesityl oxide, which is a dimer of biogenic acetone. The final product is a sustainable, drop-in jet fuel.
Tuning B–N pairs in porous carbon nanorods for electrochemical conversion of CO2 to syngas with controllable CO/H2 ratios
Authors: Ma Xinyue , Shi Lei , Zhang Lipeng , Hu Chuangang , Liu Dong
Published: December 2022

Through modulating the contents of the N/B dopants and corresponding B–N pairs for the NBCs, the syngas generation with tunable CO/H2 ratios from 12.3 to 1 under different potentials can be realized.
Correction: Recent progress of high-entropy materials for energy storage and conversion
Authors: Amiri Azadeh , Shahbazian-Yassar Reza
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Recent progress of high-entropy materials for energy storage and conversion’ by Azadeh Amiri et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2021, 9, 782–823, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA09578H.
Energy Advances: advancing energy research and technology for one year
Authors: Presser Volker
Published: December 2022

Editor-in-Chief, Volker Presser, looks back on the first full year of Energy Advances and looks ahead to 2023.
Reproducibility in Small-
N
Treatment Research: A Tutorial Using Examples From Aphasiology
Authors: Cavanaugh Robert , Quique Yina M. , Swiderski Alexander M. , Kallhoff Lydia , Terhorst Lauren , Wambaugh Julie , Hula William D. , Evans William S.
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

Small-
N
studies are the dominant study design supporting evidence-based interventions in communication science and disorders, including treatments for aphasia and related disorders. However, there is little guidance for conducting reproducible analyses or selecting appropriate effect sizes in small-
N
studies, which has implications for scientific review, rigor, and replication. This tutorial aims to (a) demonstrate how to conduct reproducible analyses using effect sizes common to research in aphasia and related disorders and (b) provide a conceptual discussion to improve the reader's understanding of these effect sizes.

Method:

We provide a tutorial on reproducible analyses of small-
N
designs in the statistical programming language R using published data from Wambaugh et al. (2017). In addition, we discuss the strengths, weaknesses, reporting requirements, and impact of experimental design decisions on effect sizes common to this body of research.

Results:

Reproducible code demonstrates implementation and comparison of within-case standardized mean difference, proportion of maximal gain, tau-U, and frequentist and Bayesian mixed-effects models. Data, code, and an interactive web application are available as a resource for researchers, clinicians, and students.

Conclusions:

Pursuing reproducible research is key to promoting transparency in small-
N
treatment research. Researchers and clinicians must understand the properties of common effect size measures to make informed decisions in order to select ideal effect size measures and act as informed consumers of small-
N
studies. Together, a commitment to reproducibility and a keen understanding of effect sizes can improve the scientific rigor and synthesis of the evidence supporting clinical services in aphasiology and in communication sciences and disorders more broadly.

Supplemental Material and Open Science Form:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21699476
Secure practical tracking of an uncertain robotic system under coarse conditions on reference trajectory and obstacles
Authors: Li Jian , Xu Wenqing , Wu Zhaojing
Published: December 2022

This article investigates practical tracking joint with obstacle‐avoidance for a class of uncertain robotic systems. The remarkable features are revealed from two aspects. First, more serious system uncertainties are allowed than the related literature due to the presence of unknown system matrices and mismatched disturbance in the investigated system. Second, only coarse conditions are required on reference trajectory and obstacles since their time derivatives are not necessarily to be available for feedback but those of the related literature muse be, while the reference trajectory is only required to be first rather than second order continuously differentiable. For this, a secure adaptive control framework is established by incorporating adaptive dynamic compensation mechanism into the backstepping procedure with the smart choice of adaptive law and the skillful injection of a barrier function. Consequently, a state‐feedback controller is explicitly designed which guarantees the obstacle‐avoidance of the robotic system while all the signals of the resulting closed‐loop system are bounded with system output practically tracking the reference trajectory. Finally, simulation results are provided for two specified robot systems to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
An end‐to‐end steel surface defect detection approach via Swin transformer
Authors: Tang Bo , Song Zi‐Kai , Sun Wei , Wang Xing‐Dong
Published: December 2022

Different from most current studies using convolutional neural network (CNN), a deep learning detection method for steel plate surface defects based on Transformer is researched. This paper presents a process, network structure and detection method for steel strip surface defect detection. A Swin Transformer was used to extract hierarchical features in the detection system. Then feature pyramid networks (FPN) was used to fuse the above features to form multi‐scale feature maps, and region proposal network (RPN) was adopted to generate the generate region of interest (ROI) of defects. Finally, the ROI head was used to generate defect category information and its precise location. Here, ablation experiments were conducted to explore the impact of different backbone networks and the number of stages of Swin Transformer and FPN on target detection performance to prove the rationality and efficiency of the network. On the NEU‐DET dataset, the proposed algorithm achieved 81.1% mAP, which is higher than that of classic CNN detection methods such as Faster R‐CNN, SSD, Yolo v3 and RepPoints.
A worker‐and‐system trade‐off model for rebalancing free‐float bike sharing systems: A mixed rebalancing strategy
Authors: Wei Zhonghua , Wang Mingqian , Wang Shaofan
Published: December 2022

Because of imbalanced spatial‐temporal user demands, situations with no available bikes or docks often occur. In order to better response to user demands, many researchers are devoted to rebalancing bike sharing systems (BSS). Existing researches focus primarily on rebalancing BSS by trucks or by workers individually, resulting in two issues: (a) the high cost and massive emissions associated with trucks‐based rebalancing; and (b) the low efficiency associated with workers‐based rebalancing. This paper combines two rebalancing methods together and proposes a mixed rebalancing strategy to tackle the aforementioned issues. This strategy rebalances free‐floating BSS (FBSS) by trucks on the eve of peak hours and by workers during peak hours, in which the worker‐based rebalancing plan is given by a worker‐and‐system trade‐off model which simultaneously considers the impact of workers' costs and real‐time inventory of stations. A case study is conducted on two scenarios of the Beijing Mobike dataset: the Beigongdaximen subway station and the Jinyijiayuan residential area. The results show that our mixed rebalancing strategy can effectively rebalance FBSS by improving the following four indices: rebalancing cost, usage rate of shared bikes and docks, survival time of stations, and demand satisfaction.
Pedestrian potentially dangerous behaviour prediction based on attention‐long‐short‐term memory with egocentric vision
Authors: Lin Ming‐Chih , Lin Yu‐Chen , Hung Ming‐Ku
Published: December 2022

This paper develops a pedestrian potentially dangerous behaviour prediction method based on attention‐long‐short‐term memory (Attention‐LSTM) architecture to predict pedestrian trajectory and intention for the unexpected pedestrian crossing accident avoidance. To extract the road scene information for short periods of time, and improve the accuracy of subsequent intention inference and trajectory prediction, the panoramic segmentation is used to extrapolate pedestrian instances and segment areas of the environment. Next, an encoder–decoder framework based on Attention‐LSTM model is proposed to infer a pedestrian's intention to run or walk out into oncoming traffic straight and to predict the future trajectory. The proposed network involves two parts: temporal feature encoder and multi‐task decoder. The temporal feature encoder is mainly used to selectively emphasize the temporal features using attention mechanism, and then LSTM is employed for its encoding. In the multi‐task decoder, a multi‐head self‐attention mechanism and LSTM are used to forecast the pedestrians’ intention and future trajectory, respectively. Extensive experiments on pedestrian intention estimation (PIE) datasets demonstrate that the authors’ proposed approach surpasses prior studies in terms of prediction accuracy in trajectory and intention. This study can not only effectively avoid serious accidents caused by illegal road crossing but also achieve early warning for collision avoidance.
A single‐loop and current‐sensorless control for on‐grid seven‐level photovoltaic microinverter
Authors: Rodriguez Juan R. , Mejia‐Ruiz Gabriel E. , Paternina Mario R. Arrieta , Velazquez‐Ibanez Alfredo , Salgado‐Herrera Nadia Maria , Santoyo‐Anaya Mario Alberto , Zamora‐Mendez Alejandro , Chamorro Harold R.
Published: December 2022

This paper proposes a single‐phase transformerless photovoltaic (PV) microinverter for low and medium‐voltage applications. The proposed approach comprises a suitable combination of multilevel boost/buck and H‐bridge topologies with a current‐sensorless control scheme, where the system controller only needs a straightforward‐to‐implement control loop to reach the desired attributes in solar PV conversion systems. Compared with other microinverters, this proposal significantly reduces the number of hardware components and required software resources, considerably attaining industrial and production advantages; guaranteeing: (i) a high DC elevation factor; (ii) an extraction of maximum power from solar PV panels; (iii) a multilevel output voltage; (iv) a low total harmonic distortion; and (v) a power factor close to unity. The multilevel microinverter's feasibility and effectiveness are assessed by a comprehensive mathematical model, whose simulation results are evaluated using MATLAB‐Simulink, and the experimental results are validated by means of an on‐grid low‐scale prototype, generating a power capacity of 1.5 kW.
A dual switches high step‐up DC–DC converter with low voltage stresses across switches
Authors: Radmehr Hojjat , Nouri Tohid , Shaneh Mahdi
Published: December 2022

A dual switches high step‐up DC–DC converter with coupled inductor (CI) and voltage multiplier cell (VMC) is proposed in this paper. The gate pulses of the switches are synchronized with each other. During ON state of the switches, the CIs are charged in parallel through the input power source and during OFF state of the switches, they are discharged to the output in series. The energy of the leakage inductances is recycled by the passive clamp circuit. The passive clamp circuit for one of the metaloxidesemiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFETs) is integrated with the VMC. In such a case, the clamp circuit participates in voltage gain extension which facilitates the utilization of lower number of the components, as well. Meanwhile, the MOSFETs and diodes are turned ON and turned OFF with zero current switching (ZCS) performance which reduces the switching losses. Through the dual switches concept and implementation of the CI VMC, the advantages such as high voltage gain, low voltage stresses across switches and distributed current stresses between MOSFETs are achieved. The steady‐state analysis of the proposed converter is provided which is followed by a comparison with some published converters. Finally, a 300 W 25V to 400 V laboratory prototype is fabricated and tested to verify the performances.
Fictitious neutron sinks to trace radiative s-process nucleosynthesis
Authors: Krynski P. , Siess L. , Jorissen A.
Published: December 2022

Context. Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are strong producers of s-process elements, which are synthesized by successive slow neutron captures on elements heavier than iron. The nucleosynthesis calculation involves solving large nuclear networks with hundreds of nuclei, which in a stellar evolution code can greatly extend the computational time. However, the s-process is often measured using a handful of elements located on the neutron magic shells and grouped into tracers called ls, hs, and vhs.

Aims. We propose a fictitious network that approximates the production of ls, hs, and vhs species at a minimal computational expense. The network is specifically designed for the radiative s-process in AGB stars. It is an alternative to methods using large networks that can be used as a fast exploratory tool to trace the production of s-elements.

Methods. The fictitious network was constructed by assembling species with Z ≥ 18 into seven fictitious particles whose abundances and reaction rates model the effective properties of the corresponding groups. The effective reaction rates were tabulated as a function of neutron density and number of neutrons captured per initial heavy seed (Ncapt) using single-zone nucleosynthesis calculations. The accuracy of our network was tested by comparing the abundances obtained with the fictitious and large networks during the radiative burning of 13C during the interpulse period of a 2 M⊙, [Fe/H] = −2 star.

Results. The fictitious network reliably reproduces the abundances of ls, hs, and vhs species during the radiative s-process. The accuracy of the method increases with the strength of the nucleosynthesis as measured by Ncapt, but diminishes when the nuclear distribution is different from the initial distribution. This network is well suited to follow the s-process nucleosynthesis in low-mass AGB stars where neutrons are mainly produced below the envelope by the 13C(α, n) reaction.
Experimental evidence that immune trypanolysis using the LiTat 1.3 and LiTat 1.5 variant antigen types is not specific to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in pigs
Authors: Ilboudo Kadidiata , Hounyeme Robert Eustache , Kabore Jacques , Boulangé Alain , Gimonneau Geoffrey , Salou Ernest , Belem Adrien Gaston Marie , Lejon Veerle , Compaoré Charlie Franck Alfred , Bucheton Bruno , Koffi Mathurin , Solano Philippe , Berthier David , Thevenon Sophie , Jamonneau Vincent
Published: December 2022

In the context of the human African trypanosomiasis elimination process, reliable and accurate diagnostic tools are crucial for exploring the role of a potential animal reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. The immune trypanolysis test (TL) using the variant antigen types (VAT) LiTat 1.3 and LiTat 1.5, described as a specific serological method to detect people infected by T. b. gambiense, seems to be a promising tool. However, its specificity was recently questioned during field animal surveys. The present study evaluates the performance of TL during experimental T. b. brucei infection in pigs. Eight infected pigs and four uninfected pigs were followed up with blood and plasma collection. Blood was used for parasitological investigation. TL was performed on the plasma with the LiTat 1.3, LiTat 1.5 and LiTat 1.6 VATs. All control pigs remained negative to parasitological investigation and TL. Trypanosomes were detected in all the infected pigs and the first detection was between 10 and 14 days post infection (dpi). TL results showed that infected pigs developed antibodies against the three VATs. The first antibody detections by TL occurred between 14 and 21 dpi for antibodies directed against LiTat 1.6, 21 and 168 dpi for antibodies directed against LiTat 1.5 and 70, and 182 dpi for antibodies directed against LiTat 1.3. This study highlights for the first time that TL using LiTat 1.3 and LiTat 1.5 VATs is not specific to T. b. gambiense. Development of specific diagnostic tools for the detection of T. b. gambiense infections in animals, especially in pigs, is still needed.
Orofaziale und muskuloskelettale Schmerzsyndrome bei professionellen Musikern – Häufigkeiten und Therapieprinzipien
Authors: Steinmetz Anke
Published: December 2022

Instrumentalspiel-assoziierte muskuloskelettale Schmerzsyndrome betreffen oft die obere Extremität und Wirbelsäule. Darüber hinaus sind auch orofaziale Schmerzsyndrome bzw. kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktionen insbesondere bei hohen Streichern und Bläsern zu beobachten.
In vitro Effect of Dalteparin and Argatroban on Hemostasis in Critically Ill Sepsis Patients with New-Onset Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Nygaard Søren , Hvas Christine L. , Hvas Anne-Mette , Adelborg Kasper
Published: December 2022

Thrombocytopenia is common among critically ill sepsis patients, while they also hold an increased risk for thromboembolic events. Thus, the choice of anticoagulant prophylaxis for this patient population is challenging. We investigated the in vitro effect of low-molecular-weight heparin (dalteparin) and direct thrombin inhibitor (argatroban) on the hemostasis in blood from sepsis patients with new-onset thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia was defined as a platelet count drop of ≥30% and/or from >100 × 109/L to 30 to 100 × 109/L within 24 hours prior to inclusion. We included five healthy individuals and ten patients. Analyses of thrombin generation (Calibrated Automated Thrombogram), thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complex levels, prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) were performed. Based on dose–response relationships investigated in healthy blood, patient samples were spiked with prophylactic (0.25 IU/mL) and therapeutic (0.75 IU/mL) dalteparin and low (0.25 µg/mL) and high (0.50 µg/mL) argatroban concentrations, each with a sample without anticoagulant. In patients, the endogenous thrombin potential was markedly lower in therapeutic dalteparin samples than in samples without anticoagulant [median (range): 29 (0–388) vs. 795 (98–2121) nM × min]. In high argatroban concentration samples, thrombin lag time was longer than in samples without anticoagulant [median (range): 15.5 (10.5–20.2) versus 5.3 (2.8–7.3) min]. Dalteparin and argatroban both increased clotting time but did not affect maximum clot firmness in the ROTEM INTEM assay. Six patients had elevated TAT and eight patients had elevated F1 + 2. In conclusion, dalteparin mainly affected the amount of thrombin generated and argatroban delayed clot initiation in critically ill sepsis patients with new-onset thrombocytopenia. Neither anticoagulant affected clot strength.
The Changing Epidemiology of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Gender, Race, and Risk Factors
Authors: Anouti Ahmad , Mellinger Jessica L.
Published: December 2022

Cases of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) are increasing at a steady rate in the United States with more patients presenting with alcohol-associated hepatitis and alcohol-associated cirrhosis. While alcohol use has increased across many demographic groups, women are suffering from a greater increase in alcohol use disorder (AUD), and are at a greater risk of ALD due to pathophysiological differences which include absorption of alcohol, first pass metabolism, and hormonal differences. Differences across race have also been found with Native Americans and Hispanics suffering from some of the largest increases in ALD rates. Younger adults are heavily impacted by rising rates of both AUD and ALD. Comorbidities such as obesity and NASH have been shown to augment the deleterious effects of AUD and ALD, resulting in more advanced liver disease. Finally, COVID-19 and policies related to the pandemic have resulted in increased AUD across many cohorts, which have resulted in marked increases in ALD. In conclusion, ALD rates are rising, with young people and women particularly impacted.
Development of an Analytical Workflow to Support the Establishment of Monographs in African Pharmacopoeias – Combretum mucronatum Leaves as Example
Authors: Orman Emmanuel , Bekoe Samuel Oppong , Asare-Nkansah Samuel , Kralisch Ina , Jato Jonathan , Spiegler Verena , Agyare Christian , Bekoe Emelia Oppong , Hensel Andreas
Published: December 2022

Herbal medicines are invaluable in African medicine, but quality and safety are not documented in many cases. Besides controlled farming, validated quality control methods are needed to
ensure identity, purity, and content. Analytical specifications within modern monographs are needed for consistent batch quality. Combretum mucronatum leaves are widely used in West
Africa, but state-of-the-art quality control methods and specifications are non-existent. The aim of the following study was the development of ICH-validated chromatographic protocols for
identity, purity, content assay, and analytical specifications for consideration into pharmacopoeial monographs. UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used for untargeted phytochemical information on
composition. Optimisation of extraction was based on phytochemical profiling. HPTLC was used for differentiation of C. mucronatum from other Combretum species and UPLC for
simultaneous determination of 7 marker compounds. C. mucronatum batch analyses (n = 49) investigated the influence of harvest time and geographical origin. Pesticides screening from a
349-compound panel were carried out. 30 compounds, identified by LC-MS, were used for characterization of the plant material. Orietin, isoorientin, vitexin and isovitexin were used as
specific marker compounds for qualitative and quantitative HPTLC purposes, while UPLC quantified additionally epicatechin, procyanidins B2 and C1. Influence of harvest time and geographic
origin on the content of marker compounds was observed. Differences in the metabolite profiles of C. mucronatum compared to related Combretum species were established for
quality control purposes. Contamination with high amoounts of chlorpyrifos, and folpet (sum of folpet and phtalimide, expressed as folpet) were also observed.

The study provides analytical protocols, analytical specifications and a drafted monograph for consideration for African pharmacopoeias, and reveals potential challenges in the quality of
C. mucronatum.
Gold-Catalyzed Formal (3+2) Cycloaddition in an Ionic Liquid: Environmentally Friendly and Stereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Indanes from Benzylic Alcohols and 1-Phenylpropenes
Authors: Morita Nobuyoshi , Tamura Osamu , Chiaki Hitomi , Ikeda Kanae , Tanaka Kosaku , Hashimoto Yoshimitsu
Published: December 2022

A gold-catalyzed formal (3+2) cycloaddition of benzylic alcohols with 1-phenylpropenes in an ionic liquid permits the environmentally friendly stereoselective synthesis of polysubstituted indanes in good yields and with high selectivity. The gold catalyst can be recycled at least five times.
Total Syntheses of Dysidealactams E and F and Dysidealactone B, Drimane-Type Sesquiterpenes Derived from a Dysidea sp. of Marine Sponge
Authors: Yang Weiguang , Banwell Martin G. , Chen Yuhao , Lan Ping , White Lorenzo V.
Published: December 2022

Dysidealactams E and F and dysidealactone B are recently reported marine natural products. Their syntheses from β-cyclocitral are detailed here. The preparation of certain derivatives and analogues of these compounds is also described and single-crystal X-ray analyses of two of these, as well as that of (±)-dysidealactam F, are reported.
Minimal Aortic Injury Detected on Computed Tomography Angiography during Initial Trauma Imaging: Single Academic Level 1 Trauma Center Experience
Authors: Gharai Leila Rezai , Ovanez Christopher , Goodman William C. , Deng Xiaoyan , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar , Aboutanos Michel B. , Parker Mark S.
Published: December 2022

Background Minimal aortic injury (MAI), a subtype of acute traumatic aortic injury, is being increasingly recognized with better imaging techniques. Given conservative management, the role of follow-up imaging albeit important yet has to be defined.

Methods All trauma chest computed tomography angiographies (CTAs) at our center between January 2012 and January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed for presence of MAI. MAIs were generally reimaged at 24 to 72 hours and then at a 7- and 30-day interval. Follow-up CTAs were reviewed for stability, progression, or resolution of MAI, along with assessment of injury severity scores (ISS) and concomitant injuries, respectively.

Results A total of 17,569 chest CTAs were performed over this period. Incidence of MAI on the initial chest CTA was 113 (0.65%), with 105 patients receiving follow-up CTAs. The first, second, third, and fourth follow-up CTAs were performed at a median of 2, 10, 28, and 261 days, respectively. Forty five (42.9%), 22 (21%), 5 (4.8%), and 1 (1%) of the MAIs were resolved by first, second, third, and fourth follow-up CTAs. Altogether, 21 patients showed stability (mean ISS of 16.6), and 11 demonstrated improvement (mean ISS 25.8) of MAIs. Eight patients had no follow-up CTA (mean ISS 21). No progression to higher-grade injury was observed. Advancing age decreased the odds of MAI resolution on follow-up. A possible trend (p-value 0.22) between increasing ISS and time to resolution of MAIs was noted.

Conclusion In our series of acute traumatic MAIs diagnosed on CTA imaging, there was no progression of injuries with conservative management, questioning the necessity of sequential follow-up imaging.
Penetrating Aortic Injury due to Broken Ribs and Preventive Measures
Authors: Yanagawa Youichi , Nagasawa Hiroki , Ishikawa Kouhei , Hirayama Shunki , Itoi Akira , Mogami Atsuhiko
Published: December 2022

We herein report two cases of patients that underwent prophylactic operations to prevent aortic injuries in association with fractured ribs. Penetrating aortic injuries induced by fractured ribs remain fatal. Prophylactic operations appear effective. However, the indication for such operations should be clarified further in the future.
Hurthle Cell Thyroid Carcinoma with Liver and Paraaortic Abdominal Nodal Metastasis: Progression on Sorafenib Therapy after Initial Disease Stabilization
Authors: Loharkar Sarvesh , Basu Sandip
Published: December 2022

Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma (HCTC) demonstrates inferior prognosis compared with other types of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), along with radioiodine refractoriness and relatively poor 131I concentrating ability. We herein report a case of a middle-aged lady presenting with neck swelling for years, who on pre-surgery work-up was diagnosed to harbor metastatic nodal and lung lesions. Post-thyroidectomy and neck dissection, she was diagnosed with HCTC. Post-surgery, none of the lesions concentrated radioactive-iodine (RAI) sufficiently but showed FDG avid lesions as mediastinal nodes, lung nodules, solitary lytic sternal lesions, and unusual bilateral paraaortic abdominal nodes. She was put on tyrosine kinase inhibitor (sorafenib) and showed disease stabilization for the initial 3 years, but multiple toxicity symptoms while on sorafenib therapy that needed multiple dose adjustments. Over the period of the subsequent year, she developed significant disease progression with liver involvement. She was shifted to lenvatinib, which she tolerated well. The functional imaging profile with unusual metastatic sites, the aggressive clinical presentation and disease course of RAI refractory HCTC over 4 years on tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, and the role of molecular FDG-PET/CT imaging in disease monitoring and clinical management of such case is presented.
Updates on Preprocedural Evaluation and Patient Selection for Prostatic Artery Embolization
Authors: Rostambeigi Nassir , Golzarian Jafar , Little Mark W.
Published: December 2022

Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is a safe and effective treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Patient evaluation is a critical and important part of this growing practice. History taking should include symptoms score evaluations for lower urinary tract symptoms, erectile function, and prostatitis symptoms score. The objective evaluations commonly include measurement of prostate specific antigen, postvoid residual volume, and uroflowmetry as well as urodynamic studies in selective patients. Imaging evaluation may include computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance angiography, elucidating prostate volume, prostate gland morphology, vasculature, and prostate cancer. With evolving knowledge on PAE, we aim to discuss patient evaluation and selection based on updated evidence and discuss specific scenarios.