bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETRATO DAS PRÁTICAS OBSTÉTRICAS EM UMA MATERNIDADE PÚBLICA
Authors: Inagaki Ana Dorcas de Melo , Cardoso Nadyege Pereira , Lopes Renata Julie Porto Leite , Ribeiro Caíque Jordan Nunes , Feitosa Luana Meneses , Oliveira Sheila Soares
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: identificar as práticas obstétricas adotadas durante a assistência ao parto e nascimento.Método: estudo transversal, analítico, realizado em uma maternidade pública em Aracaju - Sergipe, no período de novembro de 2015 a fevereiro de 2016, com 373 puérperas com idade gestacional ≥ 37 semanas, que permaneciam no mínimo 30 minutos em pré-parto. Foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher.Resultados: as práticas obstétricas de nível “A” ofertadas foram: banho morno 109 (29,2%), massagem 62 (16,6%), bola suíça 50 (13,4%), deambulação 223 (59,8%), contato pele a pele 250 (66,7%) e a presença de acompanhante 89 (23,9%). Foram realizadas práticas nível “B e D” como ocitocina 236 (63,3%), aminiotomia 171 (45,8%), episiotomia 51 (19,8%) e Kristeller 129 (34,6%).Conclusão: este estudo revela a necessidade de adequação da ambiência e implementação irrestrita das boas práticas para garantir assistência segura ao parto e nascimento, assim como contribuir na formação dos novos profissionais.
REIKI NO ALÍVIO DE SINAIS E SINTOMAS BIOPSICOEMOCIONAIS RELACIONADOS À QUIMIOTERAPIA
Authors: Beulke Sieglinder Larissa , Vanucci Luciana , Salles Léia Fortes , Turrini Ruth Natalia Teresa
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: verificar o uso do Reiki no alívio dos sinais e dos sintomas biopsicoemocionais relacionados à quimioterapia.Método: revisão integrativa norteada pela pergunta: A utilização do Reiki pode aliviar alguns sinais e sintomas induzidos pela quimioterapia? A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed e Scopus sem período de restrição até setembro de 2018. Sete artigos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão.Resultados: reviram-se quatro ensaios clínicos, dois quase-experimentais e um estudo de caso. Os sinais e sintomas mais estudados foram ansiedade, dor, fadiga, estresse, depressão, humor e bem-estar. Pacientes que receberam Reiki relataram melhoria do bem-estar geral, qualidade de vida, dor, depressão, ansiedade, fadiga e humor quando comparados ao grupo controle.Conclusões: as pesquisas analisadas apresentam evidências que o Reiki pode ser benéfico no alivio dos efeitos colaterais da quimioterapia, o que contribui para mais uma ferramenta para o alívio dos efeitos da quimioterapia.
COMPORTAMENTO PROATIVO DE ENFERMEIROS HOSPITALARES: COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE CARGOS
Authors: Dal Molin Thiago , Oliveira João Lucas Campos de , Tonini Nelsi Salete , Oliveira Rafael Muniz de , Anchieta Drieli Wawzeniak de , Silva Gleicy Kelly Teles da , Souza Ronan Felipe de
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: analisar o comportamento proativo entre enfermeiros hospitalares e comparar a proatividade entre cargos.Método: Pesquisa transversal, quantitativa, realizada com (n=42) enfermeiros assistenciais e (n=21) enfermeiros coordenadores de um hospital universitário público do Paraná, com coleta de dados de dezembro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018. Utilizou-se formulário autoaplicado para extração de variáveis de caracterização socioprofissional e da versão reduzida validada da Escala de Comportamentos Proativos nas Organizações. Aos dados tabulados procedeu-se análise estatística descritiva e inferencial.Resultados: o grupo de enfermeiros coordenadores obteve melhores médias em todos os itens da escala comparando-se ao grupo de enfermeiros assistenciais. A concentração dos coordenadores (91%) foi classificada como de forte comportamento proativo. Houve diferença estatística em dois itens do instrumento, reforçando o melhor comportamento proativo entre os ocupantes de cargo gerencial.Conclusão: o comportamento proativo dos enfermeiros é positivo na sua autopercepção, em especial de coordenadores.
CONSTRUÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO DE APLICATIVO DIGITAL PARA ENSINO DE INSTRUMENTAÇÃO CIRÚRGICA
Authors: Pereira Francisco Gilberto Fernandes , Rocha Driele Jéssica Leita da , Melo Geórgia Alcântara Alencar , Jaques Rhaylla Maria Pio Leal , Formiga Laura Maria Feitosa
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: construir e validar aplicativo sobre ensino de instrumentação cirúrgica básica para acadêmicos de enfermagem.Método: estudo metodológico, desenvolvido entre maio e setembro de 2016, em universidade pública do Piauí, Brasil. Seguiram-se as etapas de análise, desenho, desenvolvimento e avaliação, com base no referencial de Galvis-Panqueva. A validação de conteúdo e aparência foi realizada com 22 profissionais, e a avaliação com o público-alvo correspondeu a 60 acadêmicos de enfermagem.Resultados: o aplicativo foi nomeado de Instrumentais Cirúrgicos e está hospedado na plataforma Google play, disponível para uso no sistema operacional Android. Apresentou Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global de 0,9 quanto ao conteúdo e 0,8 quanto à aparência. O público-alvo avaliou o aplicativo como excelente, quanto aos itens de motivação, estilo e conteúdo, com média de 76,3%.Conclusão: o aplicativo mostrou-se válido para utilização como ferramenta auxiliar de ensino sobre o assunto instrumentação cirúrgica.
DIAGNÓSTICOS DE ENFERMAGEM DE PACIENTES PÓS-TRANSPLANTADOS HEPÁTICOS EM ACOMPANHAMENTO AMBULATORIAL
Authors: Oliveira Natália De Souza Pires , Oliveira Thaís Moreira , Corrêa Allana Dos Reis , Tiensoli Sabrina Daros , Bonisson Priscila Lara Vieira , Guimarães Gilberto De Lima , Manzo Bruna Figueiredo
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem de pacientes pós-transplantados hepáticos em acompanhamento ambulatorial. Método: estudo descritivo realizado entre janeiro e maio de 2015 que avaliou 153 consultas em um ambulatório de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. A elaboração dos diagnósticos de enfermagem seguiu a proposta de Risner, uniformizados seguindo o indicado pelo NANDA-I 2015-2017. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Resultados: dos pacientes, 102 (66,7%) eram do sexo masculino com mediana de idade de 55 anos. A cirrose por vírus da hepatite C foi a principal indicação de transplante. Foram identificados 11 diagnósticos de enfermagem, sendo os de maior frequência: Risco de infecção, Proteção ineficaz, Risco de glicemia instável, Risco de função hepática prejudicada. Conclusão: com os diagnósticos de enfermagem identificados, é possível delimitar o perfil das necessidades desses pacientes e proporcionar assistência de enfermagem diferenciada no acompanhamento ambulatorial de pós-transplantados hepáticos.
APLICATIVO PARA AVALIAÇÃO DO NÍVEL DE CONSCIÊNCIA EM ADULTOS: PRODUÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA EM ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Barros Wanessa Cristina Tomaz dos Santos , Dal Sasso Grace Terezinha Marcon , Alvarez Ana Graziela , Ramos Saulo Fábio , Martins Sabrina Regina
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: desenvolver um aplicativo para a avaliação do nível de consciência em adultos.Método: produção tecnológica, estruturada a partir do referencial teórico da metodologia da aprendizagem baseada em problemas e desenvolvido considerando os passos do design instrucional contextualizado (análise, design, desenvolvimento, avaliação). Estudo realizado na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, de maio de 2014 a abril de 2015.Resultados: o aplicativo apresenta os conteúdos: escalas para avaliação do nível de consciência, avaliação pupilar, reflexos e padrão respiratório, apresentados aos usuários por meio de textos curtos com breves explicações, imagens e vídeos.Conclusão: o aplicativo pode facilitar o estudo sobre a temática em qualquer hora ou local, permitindo inclusive sua aplicação à beira do leito, contribuindo assim para melhorias do ensino, assistência e segurança de pacientes em estado crítico. O resultado da avaliação da tecnologia por docentes e estudantes será objeto de estudos futuros.
Non-English Major Students’ Perception of Factors Influencing English Proficiency in China
Authors: Yuntao Wu
Published: March 2019

This study aims at investigating Non-English major students’ perception of factors that influencing English proficiency in China. The research was conducted by using a non-experimental quantitative research design by a questionnaire survey. A total 300 Non-English Major students from second year from different duration of learning English in Henan Polytechnic University was collected to complete this survey. The research findings revealed the learning strategies of Non-English major students in Henan Polytechnic University has most significantly affect on English proficiency among four potential factors. The hypothesis testing results indicated that the perception of students who began learning English from primary school were statistically significantly higher than those who began learning English from middle school with respect to factors influencing English proficiency. The findings recommended that the government should provide more supports to English language learning in primary school, the English teacher should pay attention to male students’ English learning and help students improve their learning strategy in English learning.
The Effect of Explicit English Morphology Instruction on EFL Secondary School Students’ Morphological Awareness and Reading Comprehension
Authors: Ahmed Badawi Mohamed Farrag
Published: March 2019

The study attempted to investigate the effect of explicit morphology instruction (EMI) on developing secondary school students’ EFL morphological awareness and reading comprehension. The explicit morphology instruction targeted two morphological skills namely, inflectional and derivational skills. The study used a pre-posttest experimental and control group design. The intact study participants were (98) first year secondary school students. While the first intact group (n=49) was functioned as an experimental group, the second intact group (n=49) represented the control group. To collect the data, a two-unit explicit morphology instruction program (EMIP), a morphological awareness test (MAT) and a reading comprehension test (RCT) were designed, validated and implemented. Before the intervention, the participants’ morphological awareness and reading comprehension were pre-tested. During the course of intervention, while the experimental group participants were exposed to explicit morphological instruction in addition to their regular English instruction sessions, the participants of the control group only received their regular EFL instruction sessions. Results revealed that the experimental group participants’ mean scores on the post morphological awareness test and reading comprehension test surpassed that of the control group. Accordingly, explicit morphological instruction was effective in developing EFL secondary school students’ morphological awareness and reading comprehension. However, the effect size of explicit morphological instruction on developing EFL secondary school students’ morphological awareness was higher than its effect size on developing their reading comprehension. Therefore, teaching English morphology should be an integral part of EFL secondary school curriculum.
Governance and Auditing the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Challenges of the Preparedness Phase
Authors: Ali Alagla Saleh
Published: March 2019

This paper aims to perform an in-depth analysis of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which have been implemented by the United Nations in the year 2015. The research is based on performing an audit of the design and structured framework in order to understand the level of its successful implementation along with highlighting the grey areas and potential threats which require a proactive and strategic move. All the presentations and discussions which happened in the 15th General Auditing Bureau (GAB) Annual Seminar, being held in Saudi Arabia in the year 2018, have been assessed and evaluated to draw a conclusion.

This study has adopted an exploratory paradigm which is termed as interpretivism followed by qualitative research and analysis approach where secondary data set has been used. The main sources of data were the deliberations and discussions of the GAB seminar along with relevant information sources concerning SDGs such as the UN reports and recommendations of other conferences coupled with symposia on the subject. There are certain limitations of the study which include limited availability of literature which weakens the theoretical foundation of the subject of the present research. The analysis of the data set has revealed the presence of institutional and professional preparedness intending the smooth implementation of SDGs. However, analysis of the discussion on the seminar has highlighted specific gaps which might challenge the efficacy of the program and hence requires a necessary action.
Estimating the Impact of Energy Price Reform on Saudi Arabian Intergenerational Welfare using the MEGIR-SA Model
Authors: Gonand Frédéric , Hasanov Fakhri J. , Hunt Lester C.
Published: March 2019

This paper investigates the intergenerational welfare impact of raising administered retail energy prices in Saudi Arabia, an example of an oil-exporting country with a fast growing population. To achieve this, we develop a dynamic model with overlapping generations (called MEGIR-SA), which we believe is the first empirical application of its type to be developed for an oil-exporting country. The model is used to analyze the effects of the increase in some Saudi administered energy prices implemented at the end of December 2015. In particular, the model analyzes how these price increases might affect the welfare of Saudis through a direct increase in energy expenditures, an indirect rise in Saudi public income stemming from a lower domestic demand for oil that fosters oil exports at a given level of domestic oil production, and a direct increase of the turnover of the energy sector. The two latter effects can be redistributed by the Saudi public authorities to private agents through higher current public spending and/or public investment. The analysis suggests that the increase in end-user energy prices results in a net overall favorable effect on the intertemporal welfare of all households. This mirrors the impact on the income of private agents of the surplus in public oil income associated with lower domestic consumption of oil products and recycled to private agents. Moreover, it is shown that the additional oil income associated with the increase in domestic energy prices tends to be relatively more beneficial to future generations if it is recycled through public investment. This is reinforced if the future price of oil remains relatively low. In a possible future situation of declining oil prices and domestic production, a policy that would help meet the Saudi Arabian objectives may consist of gradually increasing the fraction of the additional oil income that is recycled through public capital spending.
Ensuring Capacity Adequacy in Liberalised Electricity Markets
Authors: Astier Nicolas , Lambin Xavier
Published: March 2019

This paper studies wholesale electricity markets where an exogenous price cap is enforced, compromising both short- and long-term incentives. To guarantee capacity adequacy, policy-makers may provide support for generation through a capacity remuneration mechanism (CRM) and/or encourage demand response (DR). Such mechanisms are formalised within a common simple analytical framework, clarifying how these mechanisms relate to each other. We then divide them into two categories, depending on whether their implementation requires transactions to be made based explicitly on spot prices higher than the price cap. While mechanisms that keep implicit these high marginal costs are likely to be preferred from a political perspective, they also appear to be less efficient. If they are to be implemented nonetheless, we suggest that the price cap should be set higher than the marginal cost of the most expensive plant, and highlight that challenges for demand-response integration in CRMs remain.
Consumer Savings, Price, and Emissions Impacts of Increasing Demand Response in the Midcontinent Electricity Market
Authors: Dahlke Steve , Prorok Matt
Published: March 2019

This paper estimates consumer savings, CO2 emissions reductions, and price effects from increasing demand response (DR) dispatch in the Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO) electricity market. To quantify market effects, we develop a dynamic supply and demand model to explore a range of DR deployment scenarios. The study is motivated by the existence of regulatory and market rule barriers to market-based deployment of DR resources in the MISO region. We show annual consumer savings from increased market-based DR can vary from $1.3 million to $17.6 million under typical peak operating conditions, depending on the amount of DR resources available for market dispatch and the frequency of deployment. Consumer savings and other market effects increase exponentially during atypical periods with tight supply and high prices. Additionally, we find that DR deployment often reduces CO2 emissions, but the magnitude of emissions reductions varies depending on the emissions content of marginal generation at the time and location of deployment. The results of this study suggest regulators and other stakeholders should focus policy efforts to reducing regulatory barriers to DR deployment in wholesale markets, particularly in locations that experience high price spikes, to improve market efficiency and achieve cost savings for consumers.
The Conduit between Technological Change and Regulation
Authors: Kołacz Marta Katarzyna , Quintavalla Alberto
Published: March 2019

The Conduit between Technological Change and Regulation

This article discusses how the law has approached disparate socio-technological innovations over the centuries. Precisely, the primary concern of this paper is to investigate the timing of regulatory intervention. To do so, the article makes a selection of particular innovations connected with money, windmills and data storage devices, and analyses them from a historical perspective. The individual insights from the selected innovations should yield a more systematic view on regulation and technological innovations. The result is that technological changes may be less momentous, from a regulatory standpoint, than social changes.
Personal Data, Algorithms and Profiling in the EU: Overcoming the Binary Notion of Personal Data through Quantum Mechanics
Authors: El Khoury Alessandro
Published: March 2019

Personal Data, Algorithms and Profiling in the EU: Overcoming the Binary Notion of Personal Data through Quantum Mechanics

In this paper I propose to analyse the binary notion of personal data and highlight its limits, in order to propose a different conception of personal data. From a risk regulation perspective, the binary notion of personal data is not particularly fit for purpose, considering that data collection and information flows are tremendously big and complex. As a result, the use of a binary system to determine the applicability of EU data protection law may be a simplistic approach. In an effort of bringing physics and law together, certain principles elaborated within the quantum theory are surprisingly applicable to data protection law, and can be used as guidance to shed light on many of today’s data complexities. Lastly, I will discuss the implications and the effects that certain processing operations may have on the possibility of qualifying certain data as personal. In other terms, how the chances to identify certain data as personal is dependent upon the processing operations that a data controller might put in place.
Privatising Law Enforcement in Social Networks: A Comparative Model Analysis
Authors: Kaesling Katharina
Published: March 2019

Privatising Law Enforcement in Social Networks: A Comparative Model Analysis

These days, it appears to be common ground that what is illegal and punishable offline must also be treated as such in online formats. However, the enforcement of laws in the field of hate speech and fake news in social networks faces a number of challenges. Public policy makers increasingly rely on the regu-lation of user generated online content through private entities, i.e. through social networks as intermediaries. With this privat-ization of law enforcement, state actors hand the delicate bal-ancing of (fundamental) rights concerned off to private entities. Different strategies complementing traditional law enforcement mechanisms in Europe will be juxtaposed and analysed with particular regard to their respective incentive structures and consequential dangers for the exercise of fundamental rights. Propositions for a recommendable model honouring both pri-vate and public responsibilities will be presented.
Right to Access Information as a Collective-Based Approach to the GDPR’s Right to Explanation in European Law
Authors: Mazur Joanna
Published: March 2019

Right to Access Information as a Collective-Based Approach to the GDPR’s Right to Explanation in European Law

This article presents a perspective which focuses on the right to access information as a mean to ensure a non-discriminatory character of algorithms by providing an alternative to the right to explanation implemented in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). I adopt the evidence-based assumption that automated decision-making technologies have an inherent discriminatory potential. The example of a regulatory means which to a certain extent addresses this problem is the approach based on privacy protection in regard to the right to explanation. The Articles 13-15 and 22 of the GDPR provide individual users with certain rights referring to the automated decision-making technologies. However, the right to explanation not only may have a very limited impact, but it also focuses on individuals thus overlooking potentially discriminated groups. Because of this, the article offers an alternative approach on the basis of the right to access information. It explores the possibility of using this right as a tool to receive information on the algorithms determining automated decision-making solutions. Tracking an evolution of the interpretation of Article 10 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Right and Fundamental Freedoms in the relevant case law aims to illustrate how the right to access information may become a collective-based approach towards the right to explanation. I consider both, the potential of this approach, such as its more collective character e.g. due to the unique role played by the media and NGOs in enforcing the right to access information, as well as its limitations.
In Search of the Patron: Late Antique Styles in Context
Authors: Kiilerich Bente
Published: March 2019

The people who commissioned artworks and monumental decorations in late antiquity are for the most part unknown. Even when names are recorded, it is often difficult to tell to what extent the demands of the patron determined the visual characteristics of a given work. Since styles were tied to workshop traditions and contentions, it can be argued that in most instances, the patron had but limited influence on stylistic properties. Evidence actually suggests that the style of a work often came about independently of the one who commissioned or purchased it. The style was conditioned by function and context. The article, therefore, proposes a functional paradigm for evaluating visual expressions, defining three main domains of representation: public monuments, religious programmes, and artworks. In search of the late antique patron, the conclusion reached is that the patron had most impact in the religious domain.
From the Tombs into the City: Grave Robbing and the Reuse of Funerary Spolia in Late Antique Italy
Authors: Murer Cristina
Published: March 2019

Archaeological evidence demonstrates that funerary spoil (e.g. sarcophagus lids, funerary altars, epitaphs, reliefs, and statues) were frequently reused to decorate the interiors of public and private buildings from the third to the sixth century. Therefore, the marble revetments of high imperial tombs must have been spoliated. Imperial edicts, which tried to stamp part the overly common practice of tomb plundering, confirm that the social practice of tomb plundering must have been far more frequent in late antiquity than in previous periods. This paper discusses the reuse of funerary spoil in privet and public buildings from Latium and Campania and contextualizes them by examining legal sources addressing tomb violation. Furthermore, this study considers the extent to which the social practice of tomb plundering and the reuse of funerary material in late antiquity can be connected with larger urbanist, sociohistorical, and political transformations of Italian cityscapes from the third to the sixth century.
Structural basis of response regulator function
Authors: Gao Rong , Bouillet Sophie , Stock Ann
Published: March 2019

Response regulators function as the output components of two-component systems, which couple the sensing of environmental stimuli to adaptive responses. Response regulators typically contain conserved receiver (REC) domains that function as phosphorylation-regulated switches to control the activities of effector domains that elicit output responses. This modular design is extremely versatile, enabling different regulatory strategies tuned to the needs of individual signaling systems. This review summarizes functional features that underlie response regulator function. An abundance of atomic resolution structures and complementary biochemical data have defined the mechanisms for response regulator enzymatic activities, revealed trends in regulatory strategies utilized by response regulators of different subfamilies and provided insights into interactions of response regulators with their cognate histidine kinases. Among the hundreds of thousands of response regulators identified, variations abound. This article provides a framework for understanding structural features that enable function of canonical response regulators and a basis for distinguishing non-canonical configurations.
Reduced signal for polygenic adaptation of height in UK Biobank
Authors: Berg Jeremy J , Harpak Arbel , Sinnott-Armstrong Nasa , Joergensen Anja Moltke , Mostafavi Hakhamanesh , Field Yair , Boyle Evan August , Zhang Xinjun , Racimo Fernando , Pritchard Jonathan K , Coop Graham
Published: March 2019

Several recent papers have reported strong signals of selection on European polygenic height scores. These analyses used height effect estimates from the GIANT consortium and replication studies. Here, we describe a new analysis based on the the UK Biobank (UKB), a large, independent dataset. We find that the signals of selection using UKB effect estimates are strongly attenuated or absent. We also provide evidence that previous analyses were confounded by population stratification. Therefore, the conclusion of strong polygenic adaptation now lacks support. Moreover, these discrepancies highlight (1) that methods for correcting for population stratification in GWAS may not always be sufficient for polygenic trait analyses, and (2) that claims of differences in polygenic scores between populations should be treated with caution until these issues are better understood.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
The mlpt/Ubr3/Svb module comprises an ancient developmental switch for embryonic patterning
Authors: Ray Suparna , Rosenberg Miriam I , Chanut-Delalande Hélène , Decaras Amélie , Schwertner Barbara , Toubiana William , Auman Tzach , Schnellhammer Irene , Teuscher Matthias , Valenti Philippe , Khila Abderrahman , Klingler Martin , Payre François
Published: March 2019

Small open reading frames (smORFs) encoding ‘micropeptides’ exhibit remarkable evolutionary complexity. Conserved peptides encoded by mille-pattes (mlpt)/polished rice (pri)/tarsal less (tal) are essential for embryo segmentation in Tribolium but, in Drosophila, function in terminal epidermal differentiation and patterning of adult legs. Here, we show that a molecular complex identified in Drosophila epidermal differentiation, comprising Mlpt peptides, ubiquitin-ligase Ubr3 and transcription factor Shavenbaby (Svb), represents an ancient developmental module required for early insect embryo patterning. We find that loss of segmentation function for this module in flies evolved concomitantly with restriction of Svb expression in early Drosophila embryos. Consistent with this observation, artificially restoring early Svb expression in flies causes segmentation defects that depend on mlpt function, demonstrating enduring potency of an ancestral developmental switch despite evolving embryonic patterning modes. These results highlight the evolutionary plasticity of conserved molecular complexes under the constraints of essential genetic networks.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Sea stars of the genus Henricia Gray, 1840 (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) from Vostok Bay, Sea of Japan
Authors: Chichvarkhin Anton , Chichvarkhina Olga , Wakita Daiki
Published: March 2019

We report seven species of the genus Henricia Gray, 1840 that were found in Vostok Bay, and two species from adjacent area, known from museum collection or seen in underwater footage. while existing literature reported no confirmed species from this area. Most of these species: H. djakonovi, H. alexeyi, H. densispina, H. hayashii, H. granulifera, H. pacifica, H. asiatica, and H. oculata robusta were reported from the Sea of Japan previously. H. nipponica, known from Japan, is reported from Russian seas for the first time. All studied taxa are re-described here using a range of morphological characters and partial 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences, life colorations of several species are reported for the first time, and an identification key is provided. Lectotype designations are fixed for studied series of species described by AM Djakonov.
Maintenance of dominant populations in heavily grazed grassland: Inference from a Stipa breviflora seed germination experiment
Authors: Liu Wenting , Wei Zhijun , Yang Xiaoxia
Published: March 2019

An understanding of population adaptation and maintenance mechanisms under interference from large herbivores is lacking and is a major focus of ecological research. In the Eurasian steppe, which has been subjected to continuous interference from domesticated ungulates throughout history and shows increased grazing, it is particularly urgent to analyze the ecological adaptation strategies of widely distributed Stipa plants. In this study, Stipa breviflora in a group of desert steppes in the Mongolian Plateau was selected to study the potential mechanism underlying the maintenance of dominant populations under the continuous interference of heavy grazing from the new perspective of seed germination rate. Laboratory experimental results showed that the values of the phenotypic traits of S. breviflora seeds were lower under a heavy grazing treatment than under a non-grazing treatment, but the seed germination rate did not decrease. The awns of non-grazed seeds significantly affected the seed germination rate, while those of heavily grazed seeds did not. Field observations showed that grazing does not significantly affect the population density of S. breviflora at different growth stages except in extremely wet and dry years. Our study suggests that under heavy grazing, S. breviflora uses an “opportunistic” ecological strategy to ensure population maintenance by increasing the seed germination rate and reducing dispersal via changes in associated seed phenotypic traits.
PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PERUBAHAN VOLUME PADA KONTRAK DI PEMBANGUNAN PROYEK RUSUN SURABAYA
Authors: Dwipurwanto Bagus
Published: March 2019

Perubahan dalam kontrak sering terjadi pada proyek konstruksi karena suatu proyek konstruksi selalu mengalami beberapa perubahan. Perubahan yang paling banyak terjadi pada tahap pelaksanaan konstruksi adalah perubahan volume. Perubahan volume bisa menyebabkan bertambahnya biaya, waktu penyelesaian pekerjaan dan dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas pekerja. berdasarkan uraian tersebut maka penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisa apakah terdapat perbedaan produktivitas sebelum dan sesudah perubahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada dua proyek rusun Surabaya yang merupakan proyek pemerintah. Berdasarkan hasil analisa maka didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa terdapat peningkatan produktivitas setelah adanya perubahan volume kontrak. Peningkatan ini terjadi karena adanya batas waktu pelaksanaan kontrak pada proyek pemerintah. Sehingga menuntut pihak kontraktor dapat memacu dan meningkatkan produktivitasnya.
ANALISA PENYEBAB DAN SOLUSI TERHADAP SISA MATERIAL BATU BATA
Authors: Kefie Patrisius Tinton
Published: March 2019

Salah satu sisa material yang sering timbul dalam proyek konstruksi adalah batu bata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa penyebab dan solusi sisa material batu bata. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab dan solusi sisa material dari studi literatur dan melalui survei penyebaran kuesioner pada proyek konstruksi gedung bertingkat yang ada di Surabaya dan sekitarnya. Hasil analisis faktor menunjukkan bahwa penyebab sisa material batu bata adalah faktor pengadaan material, solusinya adalah pengendalian pada tahap perencanaan.
Possibility of lung cancer risk in indium-exposed workers: An 11-year multicenter cohort study
Authors: Nakano Makiko , Omae Kazuyuki , Tanaka Akiyo , Hirata Miyuki
Published: March 2019

Background

We established a causal relationship between indium exposure and lung interstitial and emphysematous effects. Lung cancer has been clearly demonstrated in rats and mice exposed to indium phosphide and in rats exposed to indium tin oxide. However, no information is available on human indium-related lung cancer.

Methods

The baseline studies were conducted on 381 indium-exposed and 150 referent workers in 11 factories from 2003 to 2006. Items examined included indium concentration in serum (In-S), occupational history, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), medical history, smoking habits, and subjective symptoms. Subjects received follow-up health checkups, and a total of 220 indium-exposed and 26 nonexposed workers were examined at least once with chest HRCT from 2013 to 2018.

Results

Four lung cancer cases were identified only in indium-exposed workers. Two were prevalent cases and two were incident cases. The averages (range) of age (years), exposure duration (years), In-S (μg/L), and KL-6 (U/mL) at the baseline survey were 58 (50–74), 1.7 (0.3–4.8), 3.1 (0.3–9.7), and 663 (414–942). The mean (range) latency from initial indium exposure was 5.3 (0.4–11) years. The HRCT findings in two incident cases were mild interstitial/emphysematous change and mild interstitial change. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of the incident cases was 1.89 (95%CI 0.52–6.88).

Conclusions

Although the SIR was not statistically significant, there was an undeniable possibility of indium-related lung cancer due to the short follow-up duration being insufficient to disclose lung cancer and the small number of lung cancer cases. Further follow-up is necessary.
Photo‐reducible plastoquinone pools in chloroplasts of Tradescentia plants acclimated to high and low light
Authors: Suslichenko Igor S. , Tikhonov Alexander N.
Published: March 2019

In photosynthetic systems of oxygenic type, plastoquinone (PQ) molecules are reduced by photosystem II (PSII). The turnover of PQ determines the rate of PSII operation. PQ molecules are present in surplus with respect to PSII. In this work, using the pulse amplitude modulation‐fluorometry technique, we quantified photo‐reducible PQ pools in chloroplasts of two contrasting ecotypes of Tradescantia, acclimated either to low light (~ 100 μmol photons·m−2·s−1, LL) or to high light (~ 1000 μmol photons·m−2·s−1, HL). The LL‐grown plants are characterized by higher capacity of rapidly reducible PQ pool ([PQ]0/[PSII] ≈ 8) as compared to HL‐grown plants of both species ([PQ]0/[PSII] ≈ 4). The elevated content of PQ in LL plants favours photosynthetic electron flow at low‐solar irradiance.
Catalytic Asymmetric Cyanation Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones in Total Synthesis
Authors: Zeng Xing‐Ping , Sun Jun‐Chao , Liu Chao , Ji Cong‐Bin , Peng Yi‐Yuan
Published: March 2019

Catalytic asymmetric cyanation reactions of aldehydes and ketones provide efficient routes for the synthesis of optically active cyanohydrins, which are versatile synthons for the preparation of natural products and chemical pharmaceuticals. This review aims to provide a summary of recent achievements concerning catalytic enantioselective cyanation reactions of aldehydes and ketones employed in the total syntheses of various natural products, drugs, and pharmaceutically active compounds.

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Efficient Access to Chiral β‐Borylated Carboxylic Esters via Rh‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation
Authors: Liu Gang , Li Anqi , Qin Xueyuan , Han Zhengyu , Dong Xiu‐Qin , Zhang Xumu
Published: March 2019

Rh/bisphosphine−thiourea ligand (ZhaoPhos)‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of (Z)‐β‐substituted‐β‐boryl‐α,β‐unsaturated esters was successfully developed, furnishing a variety of chiral β‐borylated carboxylic esters with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield and >99% ee). The gram‐scale asymmetric hydrogenation was performed efficiently in the presence of only 0.05 mol% (S/C=2 000) catalyst loading with full conversion, 99% yield and 99% ee. Moreover, the hydrogenation product was easily converted to other versatile synthetic intermediates, such as methyl (S)‐3‐hydroxy‐3‐phenylpropanoate and methyl (S)‐3‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐3‐phenylpropanoate.

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Synthetic, Supramolecular, and Self‐Adjuvanting CD8+ T‐Cell Epitope Vaccine Increases the Therapeutic Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Yang Pengxiang , Song Huijuan , Feng Zujian , Wang Changrong , Huang Pingsheng , Zhang Chuangnian , Kong Deling , Wang Weiwei
Published: March 2019

Peptide vaccines are used in clinical cancer immunotherapy, however, they generally suffer from suboptimal immunogenicity compared to live or inactive virus vector vaccines or subunit proteins, leading to limited T‐cell immune responses on their own. Here, a synthetic, supramolecular, and self‐adjuvanting CD8+ T‐cell epitope vaccine assembled by the peptide amphiphile conjugated with an epitope derived from tyrosinase‐related protein 2 is described. It is found that the obtained hydrogel vaccine on its own stimulates the activation of dendritic cells and elicits comparable therapeutic antitumor efficiency, but a clearly stronger endogenous CD8+ T‐cell response, compared with the vaccine comprised of peptide, adjuvant and delivery system, which is commonly used in clinic. In addition, combining this novel epitope vaccine with anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 (anti‐PD‐1) therapy significantly improves the therapeutic efficiency against melanoma. The supramolecular assembly approach and the self‐assembling peptide should undoubtedly enable a wide range of T‐cell epitope vaccines without the additional use of adjuvant and delivery system, and also provide new possibilities for therapeutic peptide delivery for cancer immunotherapy.
Gallic acid grafted to amine‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as a proficient catalyst for environmentally friendly synthesis of α‐aminonitriles
Authors: Maleki Ali , Azadegan Sepide , Rahimi Jamal
Published: March 2019

An effective approach of one‐pot catalytic Strecker reaction between aromatic aldehydes, aniline or toluidine and trimethylsilyl cyanide in the presence of amine‐functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles grafted with gallic acid (GA) as a powerful catalyst was developed. The fabricated reusable catalyst demonstrated high efficiency in the synthesis of α‐aminonitriles along with facile work‐up procedure. Fe3O4@SiO2‐NH2‐GA was characterized by Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy image, vibrating‐sample magnetometer curve, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis and thermogravimetric analysis.
Are Extreme Anatomical Modifications Required for Fish to Move Effectively on Land? Comparative Anatomy of the Posterior Axial Skeleton in the Cyprinodontiformes
Authors: Minicozzi Michael , Kimball Daniel , Finden Alex , Friedman Sarah , Gibb Alice C.
Published: March 2019

Many teleost fishes with no apparent modifications for life on land are able to produce effective terrestrial locomotor behaviors, including a ballistic behavior called the “tail‐flip” jump. Cyprinodontiformes (killifishes, Teleostei: Atherinomorpha) that live at the water's edge vary in morphology and inclination to emerge onto land. Do fish with an amphibious predisposition have extensive modification of the propulsive region of the body when compared to fully aquatic relatives? We quantified body shape and anatomy of the caudal peduncle and tail (the propulsive organ on land and in water) in 11 cyprinodontiform species and two outgroup taxa (Atherinomorpha). We hypothesized that amphibious species would have longer, “shallower” bodies (larger body fineness ratios), deeper (proportionally larger) caudal peduncles, and more robust bones in the tail fin (larger ossified area of the hypural/epural bones) to facilitate locomotor movements on land. We found no evidence of convergence in body shape or skeletal anatomy among species known to make voluntary sojourns onto land. In fact, deep‐bodied species, shallow‐bodied species, and species with intermediate morphologies all are able to emerge from the water and move on land. It is possible that there are as‐yet‐undocumented subtle soft‐tissue (muscle, tendon, and ligament) modifications that enhance terrestrial locomotor performance in species known to spend large periods of time on land. However, it is also possible that extreme anatomical changes are not required for aquatic cyprinodontiform species to produce effective locomotor movements when they emerge out of the water and move across the land. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
Composite Material that Comprised Metal–Organic Nanotubes and a Sponge as a High‐Performance Adsorbent for the Extraction of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products from Environmental Water Samples
Authors: Li Qiu‐Lin , Li Qiang , Guo Shuang‐Feng , Li Duo , Wo Rong , Zhao Ru‐Song , Jiang Wei
Published: March 2019

A composite material that comprised metal–organic nanotubes (MONTs) and a sponge, Cu−MONTs−sponge, was synthesized by using a rapid and convenient surfactant‐assisted dip‐coating method and used as a high‐performance adsorbent for the solid‐phase extraction of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) from environmental water samples. By adjusting the surfactant concentration, a composite material that contained metal–organic nanotubes and a macroporous 3D porous sponge was constructed. This modified sponge achieved outstanding reproducibility as an adsorbent, with the adsorption of trace or ultratrace amounts of contaminants. Moreover, this composite material was conveniently recycled and its extraction efficiency only decreased by 6.3–12.1 % after 30 adsorption/desorption cycles. The resulting composite exhibited excellent adsorption capacity for PPCPs, which was attributed to its unique porous structure, natural hydrophobicity, and electrostatic interactions between the metal–organic nanotubes and analyte molecules. This Cu−MONTs−sponge material is an ideal adsorbent for the extraction of trace amounts of PPCPs from environmental water samples.
Difluoroboron Chelation to Quinacridonequinone: A Synthetic Method for Air‐Sensitive 6,13‐Dihydroxyquinacridone via Boron Complexes
Authors: Moriya Koichiro , Shimada Ryohei , Ono Katsuhiko
Published: March 2019

This study aims to perform the chelation of difluoroboron (BF2) to quinacridonequinone (QQ). The resulting dark green solid was determined to be QA‐BF2, which is a BF2 complex of 6,13‐dihydroxyquinacridone (QA‐OH), and not QQ‐BF2, which is a BF2 complex of QQ. This result indicated that QQ‐BF2 was first generated as an O,O‐bidentate chelate, which immediately underwent a two‐electron reduction to produce QA‐BF2. This compound was converted to air‐sensitive QA‐OH by undergoing hydrolysis in argon. Since QA‐OH has a strong electron‐donating property, it easily produced QQ via air oxidation in the solution. QA‐OH also acts as a reducing reagent for quinones. The crystal packing of QA‐OH is a herringbone type with short π⋅⋅⋅π contacts, and a good hole mobility has been suggested by theoretical calculations. Herein, a new synthetic method from QQ to QA‐OH using BF2 chelation and hydrolysis was proposed. QA‐BF2 and QA‐OH are useful organic functional pigments and reducing reagents.
NCα‐gem‐dimethylated peptoid side chains: A novel approach for structural control and peptide sequence mimetics
Authors: Shyam Radhe , Nauton Lionel , Angelici Gaetano , Roy Olivier , Taillefumier Claude , Faure Sophie
Published: March 2019

The design of linear peptoid oligomers adopting well‐defined secondary structures while mimicking defined peptide primary sequences is a major challenge in the context of drug discovery. To this end, chemists have developed cis‐inducing peptoid side chains to build robust polyproline type I helices. However, the number of efficient examples remains scarce and chemical diversity accessible through the use of these side chains is limited. Herein, we introduce an array of NCα‐gem‐dimethylated peptoid residues mimicking proteinogenic amino acids. Submonomer synthesis and block‐coupling approaches were explored to access heterooligomers incorporating these novel types of side chains. NMR studies of monomer and trimer models showed that the NCα‐gem‐dimethylated groups exert complete cis control on the backbone amide conformation. Lastly, a preliminary molecular modeling study gave an insight into the preferred orientation of the substituents of the NCα‐gem‐dimethyl side chains relative to the peptoid backbone.
Mesoporous Carbon‐dispersed Carbon Nanotube Film Electrode Incorporated with Sulfur for Long‐Life Li–S Batteries
Authors: Kang Ji Hoon , Kang Jin Kyeong , Kang Jukyoung , Caron Arnaud , Kim Seok , Jung Yongju
Published: March 2019

Free‐standing carbon nanotube (CNT) frameworks have been found to be highly effective in increasing sulfur loading and energy density of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. This owes to their ability to accommodate a large amount of sulfur in their interspaces. Also, this solution does require neither a binder nor a current collector. As a drawback, the application of free‐standing CNT frameworks suffers from the abundance of their inherent macroporosities, as these promote the diffusion of polysulfides. In this work, we address this issue by incorporating disordered mesoporous carbon (DMC), as a polysulfide reservoir, into a CNT matrix to form CNT–DMC hybrid film. We apply facile hot‐pressing to incorporate sulfur into the composite electrode. Furthermore, we determine the electrochemical performances of CNT–DMC/sulfur (S) cathode by a galvanostatic method. We find that the CNT–DMC/S cathode exhibits a high initial capacity of 1032 mAh/g at 0.25 C and a superior capacity retention of 92% after 100 cycles, compared to sulfur‐impregnated CNT cathode. We attribute these enhancements to the efficient polysulfide absorption ability of DMC. This novel approach bears a high potential for the development of high‐performance Li–S batteries with flexible sulfur cathodes.