bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conflict Resolution in the Perspectives
Authors: Hartawati Andi
Published: August 2019

In a happy household, it based on the principle of mutual responsibility for the rights and obligations of husband and wife. But the reality is that families cannot always be calm and calm, sometimes there are conflicts in it. If the dispute not is resolved, it can lead to divorce. The increase in the number of cases that occur each year makes the writer formulate a problem, namely what is the cause of the conflict between husband and wife and how to resolve the dispute between husband and wife that affects the divorce. By adopting an empirical research approach, namely observing the symptoms of law in society. Causes of husband and wife conflicts such as value conflicts, lack of communication, ineffective leadership, incompatible roles, low productivity, changes in balance, problems not solved overcoming conflict by minimizing divorce making peace with religious observance, and increasing the value of local wisdom "Siri Na Pacce."
Performance: Empirical Evidence From Malaysian Banking Industry
Authors: Aris Nazaria Md , Yusof Suzila Mohamed , Wen Lim Jia
Published: August 2019

Various theories and empirical studies have been applied and proposed to establish and explain how corporate governance practices are related to banks financial performance. This study concerns the relationship between corporate governance variables and bank performance in Malaysia. The data collected and analysed in this research is from quarter one year 2011 to quarter four year 2016. Various determinants have been identified namely return on equity(ROE) for bank performance measurement, CEO duality, board size, and board gender for corporate governance. Control variables are bank size and bank leverage. The methodologies adopted in this research includes descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, Pooled Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression, Diagnostic Tests (Jarque-Bera Normality Test, Wooldridge Test and Variance Inflation Factor), Breusch-Pagan (BP) Lagrange Multiplier test, and Hausman test. In this study, the findings indicate that strong board composition and bank leverage were experience better performance.
Memoria histórica del Colegio Público de Esquipulas de Managua. Un proyecto de emprendimiento comunitario
Authors: Orozco Alvarado Julio Cesar , Díaz Pérez Adolfo Alejandro
Published: August 2019

La memoria histórica del Colegio Público de Esquipulas es construida mediante la metodología de la historia oral, a partir de los testimonios de docentes, exalumnos, profesores jubilados, directores, administrativos, pobladores de la comunidad de Esquipulas, y de la revisión de documentos oficiales, libros de registros y de actas e informes que archiva el colegio. Los resultados que se presentan son producto de los aspectos esenciales de la historia del colegio, entre ellos: su origen, nombres qua ha tenido en su proceso histórico, el sueño del laboratorio de computación, las memorias y vivencias de los maestros, directores y personal administrativo. El artículo concluye haciendo una reflexión acerca de la importancia de la recuperación de la memoria histórica de los centros educativos como una tarea que también concierne al profe- sorado para el fortalecimiento de la identidad local e institucional y la promoción de valores como la pertenencia local y nacional, valores útiles en la preservación y cuido de la propiedad pública y privada.
Análisis retrospectivo en el estudio epistemológico de conceptos y objetos matemáticos: una propuesta metodológica para lograr la metacognición
Authors: Zamora Díaz Winston Joseph
Published: August 2019

Este articulo ha descrito una propuesta metodológica para lograr la metacognición. Se trata de un esbozo argumentativo que analiza de forma retrospectivo en el estudio epistemológico de conceptos y objetos matemáticos. En fin, el propósito de este artículo no es proveer un recorrido histórico sobre el surgimiento y evolución de la Matemática Educativa, pero si destacar que, por su reciente evolución, es urgente y pertinente generar propuestas o metodologías que orienten hacia la investigación matemática como recurso que afiance mejores alternativas para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas, principalmente cuando nos referimos a la formación de profesores de matemática. Es por tal razón que el contenido medular del artículo es presentar algunas ideas acerca del análisis temporal para el estudio epistemológico de conceptos y objetos matemáticos y potenciar la metacognición. Esta iniciativa se propone a manera de una metodología que permita gestionar y desarrollar la investigación matemática en las escuelas universitarias donde se forman profesores de matemática.
Nurse leader empowerment, challenges and coping strategies among nursing leaders in Pakistan: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Gulzar Saleema , Sultana Zia , Aziz Alishah
Published: August 2019

Objective: Nursing is considered a growing profession worldwide, but nurses in developing world like Pakistan face challenges for their empowerment within and inter professions. The overwhelming feeling of being oppressed shatters nurses’ confidence and self-esteem and hinders their growth and development of the profession as well.Methods: To guide professional growth and empowerment of nursing in Pakistan, a qualitative descriptive study was aimed to discover challenges, strategies and outcomes of empowerment of nurse leaders in Pakistan. Twelve nurses serving as leaders in nursing organization of Pakistan, who fulfilled inclusive criteria were interviewed about their perception of the challenges, strategies and outcomes of empowerment for Pakistani nurses.Results and Conclusions: Nurses in Pakistan are facing great turbulence regarding their professional empowerment, but nursing leaders are striving hard at personal, institutional and government levels to help nurse understand the dynamics of challenges of empowerment and adopt appropriate strategies to attain and retain empowerment.
Grid-Connected Control of Wind Turbine with Differential Speed Regulation Based on Fuzzy Decision Makings
Authors: Rui Xiaoming , Xie Lubing , Fan Xiaochao , Xiu Changkai
Published: August 2019

To solve the problem of grid-connected control of differential speed-regulating wind turbines, the wind turbine, transmission chain, speed-regulating motor, and generator model of the unit are constructed using the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The differential speed-regulating control system is designed on the basis of slip-frequency and fuzzy control theories. The speed control function and characteristics on maximum power tracing of wind turbine is tested via simulation. Meanwhile, the experimental bench for the differential speed-regulating wind power system is set up. Test results indicate that the generator speed is controlled by speed-regulating motor with output voltage and frequency that are approximately synchronized with those of power grid under idle load condition. The maximum wind-power utilization coefficient is maintained by fuzzy controller under the rated wind speed. Thus, the accuracy and efficiency of the designed control system is proven and provide important implications for further investigations on the grid-connected control of wind turbines with differential speed regulation.
Microfluidic paper based membraneless biofuel cell to harvest energy from various beverages
Authors: Rewatkar Prakash , Goel Sanket
Published: August 2019

The present work establishes the cost-effective and miniature microfluidic self-pumping paper based enzymatic biofuel cell (P-EBFC). The developed Y-shaped P-EBFC consists of buckeye composite multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) buckypaper (BP) based bio-anode and bio-cathode that were immobilized with electro-biocatalytic enzymes glucose oxidase (GOx) and laccase, respectively. The electrocatalytic activity of enzymes on electrode surface is confirmed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. Such immobilized bio-anode and bio-cathode show exquisite electrocatalytic activity towards glucose and O2, respectively. Most appealingly, P-EBFC can directly harvest energy from widely available beverages containing glucose such as Mountain Dew, Pepsi, 7up and fresh watermelon juice. This could provide potential application of P-EBFC as a portable power device.
Rodzaj cementu ma znaczenie
Authors: Huts Andriy
Published: August 2019

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki numerycznego modelowania rozkładu temperatury w fundamencie masywnym filaru mostowego. Obliczenia przeprowadzono na różnych rodzajach cementu (CEM I 42,5, CEM III/A 32,5, CEM III/A 42,5, CEM III/A 52,5N). Określono oraz porównano wpływ wybranych parametrów składu mieszanek, jakości składników oraz warunków betonowania (temperatury otoczenia i mieszanki betonowej) na rozkład temperatury wykonywanej konstrukcji. Badania przeprowadzono na czterech seriach betonu, różniących się użytym cementem. W trakcie dojrzewania betonu stworzono warunki zbliżone do adiabatycznych (przy których wpływ temperatury zewnętrznej jest ograniczony). Do pomiarów temperatury użyto urządzenia rejestrującego temperaturę Endress-Hauser RSG30 z czujnikami, z których jeden znajdował się wewnątrz dojrzewającego betonu, a drugi na zewnątrz próbki. Pomiarów temperatury dokonywano co 10 minut w okresie tygodnia. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników pomiarów sporządzono, dla poszczególnych cementów, wykresy pokazujące zależność wzrostu temperatury od czasu, objaśniające różnice pomiędzy
temperaturą otoczenia a temperaturą dojrzewającego betonu. Przeprowadzona analiza wyników w programie ADINA 8.8 umożliwiła pokazanie temperatury wewnątrz betonu na każdym etapie
betonowania konstrukcji filara mostowego.
Faktory opóźnień
Authors: Leśniak Agnieszka , Piskorz Grzegorz
Published: August 2019

Identification and rank of
delay factors in construction projects
depending on the project delivery system
. The implementation of construction
projects depends on many unpredictable
factors, which can cause delays
in construction works. The article
proposes classification of the validity
of delaydepending on the project delivery
system. Two of them were considered:
the traditional system (Design
– Bid – Build), where the design stage
is separated from the construction stage
and the design and build (Design &
Build), which consists in entrusting
design works and carrying out works
to one contractor. The order of validity
is based on results of research carried
out among participants of the construction
project.
Certyfikowane wysokościowce. Część 1.
Authors: Błaszczyński Tomasz Z.
Published: August 2019

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie
oraz porównanie najważniejszych systemów
certyfikacji środowiskowej: BREEM
i LEED. W artykule wymieniono przykładowe
cechy wyżej wspomnianych systemów
oraz ich użyteczność w kontekście
projektowym i inwestycyjnym. Zostały również
przytoczone przykłady budynków certyfikowanych
ekologicznie, takich jak wieżowiec
Q22 w Warszawie czy Generali Tower
w Mediolanie.
Certyfikowane wysokościowce. Część 2.
Authors: Błaszczyński Tomasz Z.
Published: August 2019

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie płynących z idei certyfikacji zalet, zarówno dla inwestora oraz wykonawcy jak i dla późniejszych użytkowników. Pozytywne cechy zostały ukazane na przykładzie najinteligentniejszego i najbardziej ekologicznego budynku na świecie, czyli wieżowca The Edge w Amsterdamie. W artykule opisano wszystkie szczegóły związane z projektem i wykonaniem inwestycji.
Współczesny, mądry i piękny Detal. Część 2.
Authors: Śmiechowski Dariusz
Published: August 2019

Architecture is, to a large extent, perceived through its
details – visible in public spaces, landscapes, buildings. The topic
of detailing needs special attention especially because of the
deficiency of quality – a lack of cultural values and functionality of
many objects, spaces and places constituting our contemporary
daily surroundings. Observation of our environment with a sensitive
eye, but also the data of public opinion polls prove that a general
need and care for solutions that add to functionality, beauty,
structural wisdom is not a priority. Objects that are designed and
realised with care make a well visible contrast in comparison with
common neglect. The opinion of Christopher Alexander and his
colleagues can be mentioned, on the two tendencies in approach
to the Earth’s environment, shown as two world systems – the one
creative and supporting life and a destructive one. The potentially
expected growing quality of detailing (meaning the general
improvement of architectural quality directed towards suporting life)
would require better education within design professions as well as
teaching modern art history and schooling of perception for general
public. Aiming for this quality has also a moral dimension.
A short personal choice of examples, especially the ones
reminding the time of early modernity (the beginning of 20th
Century) may prove how interesting it can be to see what kind of
detailing remains after rejecting of historicisms of the preceding age.
The detailing noticeable in public spaces belongs to a large extent
to civil engineers for whom spatial qualities should also be the aim.
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: the physiological and molecular characteristics in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Pawlik Justyna , Wrześniok Dorota
Published: August 2019

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is involved in reverse cholesterol transport, mediates the exchange of cholesteryl esters for triglycerides between high-density lipoproteinsand low-density lipoproteins/very low-density lipoproteins. Lipid transfer mechanism by CETP is unknown. Two main models have been proposed for the mechanism of action of CETP: shuttle and tunnel mechanisms. The variants of CETP gene affect activity and level of protein, thus they are associated with lipid profile and risk of many diseases. Some clinical studies reported that polymorphisms of CETP, including TaqIB and I405V, are associated with risk of atherosclerosis and/or Alzheimer’s disease. CETP plays important role an in the metabolism of cholesterol, thus is correlated with pathomechanism of coronary artery disease. Inhibition of CETP can be an effective strategy to improve the lipid profile and reduce risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies to reduce activity of CETP or decrease its level are developed. Effectiveness of following pharmacological methods of modulation of CETP activity was studied: anti-CETP vaccines, antisense oligonucleotide and small molecule inhibitors of CETP. This article presents an overview of the literature on the correlation between cardiovascular diseases and CETP protein/CETP gene. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of CETP on pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.
Rapid Automated System for the Detection of Objectionable Microorganisms in Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplements
Authors: Caskey Tina , Montei Carolyn , Krause Daniel , McDougal Susan , Graham Melanie , Biswas Preetha , Donofrio Robert
Published: August 2019

Background: The U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) established microbiological procedures to evaluate nonsterile products and nutritional and dietary supplements for objectionable microorganisms of concern in the industry. A rapid method has been developed to detect the presence of microorganisms based on real-time photometric monitoring of pH, carbon dioxide, or fluorescence indicators within a novel broth/agar combination vial and accompanying reader. Objective: To validate the performance of the Neogen Rapid Microbiology System (NRMS) method against the USP reference method for the ability to detect presence or the absence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in nutraceutical and dietary supplements. Methods: Over 200 samples were evaluated for the presence of objectionable microorganisms. For each specified microorganism, a minimum of 23 matrices were tested uninoculated and with a low-level inoculum of <1–27.4 CFU/g, as paired samples, by NRMS and USP methods. Results: In the four objectionable microorganism categories evaluated, 100% inclusivity, 97–100% exclusivity, 97–100% positive predictivity, 100% negative predictivity, and Kappa Indices of 0.97–1.0 were achieved following ISO 5725-6:1994 standards. Conclusions: The validation study demonstrates that NRMS is a rapid and effective method to detect objectionable microorganisms in a variety of nutraceutical and dietary supplements. Highlights: A novel method was validated against the relevant USP reference method for the detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in nutraceutical and dietary supplements. NRMS provided results statistically comparable to the USP reference method within 22 h following primary enrichment compared with 5–7 days by the reference method.
Can the European Union Force its Member States to Introduce the Euro?
Authors: Stoffels Markus D.W.
Published: August 2019

In this study, the author addresses the intriguing, topical but little-studied question of whether the (old and new) EU Member States should, upon accession to the EU, be obliged to introduce the euro. To begin with, he examines—while deliberately ignoring the problematic exchange rate convergence criterion—whether introducing the euro should in principle be obligatory. After having answered this question in the affirmative, he takes a closer look at the exchange rate convergence criterion. He concludes that a country’s formal participation in the ERM II is a necessary but insufficient requirement for that country to meet the exchange rate convergence criterion. However, since ERM II membership is, for its part, voluntary, this also makes a country’s decision to introduce the euro completely voluntary. Accordingly, a Member State like Sweden is entitled to simply circumvent introducing the euro by simply refraining from participating in the ERM II. The author continuously refers to how different groups of Member States have been treated in the past with regard to them introducing the euro.
Stiftungsrecht
Authors: Muscheler Karlheinz
Published: August 2019

The number of charitable foundations is continually increasing. This also entails an increased relevance of foundation law. This book contains the entirety of the author’a academic writings of the period between 2005 and 2018. Combined with the work “Foundation Law: Collected Works” (2nd edition, 2011), also published by Nomos and containing all of the author’s works up to 2005, the two volumes cover the entire scope of foundation law. There are no thematic overlaps, as both volumes complement each other. Apart from foundation law, the author also deals with family law, inheritance law, legal history, and legal and state philosophy.
Annual Report of the President, 1974-75
Authors: Axford H. William
Published: August 2019

Annual Report of the President, 1974-75
Copyright—More Views
Authors: Ray Jack , Eberle Gerald J.
Published: August 2019

Copyright—More Views
Oregon ACRL Chapter Meets
Authors: Delvin Mary
Published: August 2019

Oregon ACRL Chapter Meets
Same-different judgments with alphabetic characters: The case of literal symbol processing
Authors: Pollack Courtney
Published: August 2019

Learning mathematics requires fluency with symbols that convey numerical magnitude. Algebra and higher-level mathematics involve literal symbols, such as "x", that often represent numerical magnitude. Compared to other symbols, such as Arabic numerals, literal symbols may require more complex processing because they have strong pre-existing associations in literacy. The present study tested this notion using same-different tasks that produce less efficient judgments for different magnitudes that are closer together compared to farther apart (i.e., same-different distance effects). Twenty-four adolescents completed three same-different tasks using Arabic numerals, literal symbols, and artificial symbols. All three symbolic formats produced same-different distance effects, showing literal and artificial symbol processing of numerical magnitude. Importantly, judgments took longer for literal symbols than artificial symbols on average, suggesting a cost specific to literal symbol processing. Taken together, results suggest that literal symbol processing differs from processing of other symbols that represent numerical magnitude.
Hematological parameters and frequency of salmonella spp. in swabs of caiman yacare after of probiotics
Authors: Carvalho Giovani Spinola de , Bérgamo Alessandro Spinola , Aleixo Vitor M. , Veiga Alexandre C. , Moreira Luciana M. , KnÃ¶bl Terezinha , Oliveira Mirela Caroline V. , Oliveira Maria Gabriela X. , Borges Ricardo M. , Pressinotti Leandro N.
Published: August 2019

The C. yacare placed in breeding conditions have a preserved genetic pool, which requires the enhancement of its zootechnical characteristics to solve some obstacles. Among them is the natural occurrence of Salmonella spp. in wild C. yacare. To address this problem, some breeders have adopted the use of probiotics to reduce Salmonella spp. in the digestive tube of crocodilians. The purpose of this study was to verify whether the addition of probiotics in animal feed reduces the isolation frequency of Salmonella spp. in cloacal swabs and to assess whether the additive interferes with the hematology and the complement system. During an 18-month period, four groups of caimans received 0% (control group), 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% of probiotic supplement. The probiotics did not reduce the isolation frequency of Salmonella spp. We have identified directly proportional relation between probiotic concentration and Hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) and inversely proportional relation to the total concentration of Eosinophils and Heterophils. Finally, we verify that the prolonged use of probiotics at 0.25% concentration is safe and increase the activity of the complement system.
Efeito da inoculação de biorremdiador no procedimento de compostagem de lodo de esgoto
Authors: Boina Welliton Leandro de Oliveira , Cordeiro João Sérgio , Boina Rosane Freire
Published: August 2019

O Brasil infelizmente ainda enfrenta problemas gravíssimos na atualidade relacionados ao gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos em vários setores. Entre os mais diversos resíduos produzidos diariamente, o lodo de esgoto sanitário, merece destaque especial devido à sua disposição final problemática e frequentemente negligenciada. A grande preocupação resultante do mau gerenciamento deste tipo de resíduo, está no fato de ser altamente contaminante, por apresentar elevada quantidade de microrganismos patogênicos e metais tóxicos, prejudiciais à saúde humana e do meio ambiente. No entanto, como alternativa, comumente entre os tratamentos e disposições finais, o que mais se evidencia é a redução de volume e umidade para disposição em aterro sanitário. Entretanto, cabe ressaltar, que atualmente, não há como negar algumas prerrogativas que vão de encontro a este tipo de possibilidade. Além da escassez de áreas aptas à construção e aterros sanitários, devemos considerar as imposições da Lei Nº 12.305/10, regulamentada pelo decreto Nº 7.404/10, de 23 de dezembro de 2010, que após sua promulgação, proibiu a disposição final de resíduos sólidos em aterros sanitários. Desse modo, a bioxidação de lodos de esgoto sanitário por meio do processo de compostagem, torna-se uma técnica vantajosa, uma vez que proporciona a melhoria das qualidades físicas, químicas e biológicas do resíduo, além de representar uma alternativa promissora em relação aos fertilizantes químicos. Neste sentido, este estudo apresenta resultados do processo de compostagem de lodo de esgoto sanitário por meio da inoculação de biorremediador (acelerador de compostagem). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência do biorremediador no processo de compostagem quando comparado ao processo sem inoculação. Para isso, durante o processo de compostagem, foram realizadas analises de temperatura, umidade, pH, condutividade elétrica e teores de sólidos (totais, fixos e voláteis). Ante o exposto, os resultados das análises de temperatura, umidade, pH, condutividade elétrica e sólidos, efetuadas durante o processo de compostagem, não demostraram melhoras significativas que justifiquem o uso do biorremediador quando confrontado aos resultados obtidos no processo sem inoculação. Assim, diante as condições em que o estudo foi desenvolvido, considerando o tipo de lodo e material estruturante utilizados, a inoculação do biorremediador não proporcionou melhoras significativas no sistema de compostagem a ponto de justificar seu uso, uma vez que os microrganismos nativos presentes no sistema são suficientes para o processo de degradação da matéria orgânica.
Desempenho da saúde pública no semiárido brasileiro
Authors: Damasceno Nagilane Parente , Khan Ahmad Saeed , Lima Patrícia Verônica Pinheiro Sales
Published: August 2019

A saúde desempenha um papel essencial para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Populações que vivem em ambientes saudáveis são mais sadias e produtivas e têm maiores condições de promover e sustentar o desenvolvimento econômico, social e ambiental. O objetivo geral deste estudo é analisar o desempenho da saúde pública no semiárido brasileiro. Os objetivos específicos são: caracterizar a região com relação a indicadores de recursos humanos e financeiros, de atenção integral à saúde da mulher e da criança, de redução dos riscos e agravos à saúde da população, de acesso potencial da atenção básica, de acesso obtido na atenção ambulatorial e hospitalar de média e alta complexidade, de efetividade da atenção básica e de despesas com saúde e calcular o Índice de Desenvolvimento da Saúde (IDS).  Foram utilizados dados obtidos através do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância da Qualidade da Água para Consumo Humano (SISAGUA), Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS) e Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamentos Públicos em Saúde (SIOPS) para o ano de 2011. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado com as técnicas de análise fatorial e análise de conglomerados. Com base nos resultados do IDS, pode-se concluir que a maioria dos municípios do semiárido apresenta baixo desenvolvimento da saúde. Uma minoria ínfima dos municípios da região está enquadrada nas faixas de médio e alto desenvolvimento da saúde.
Análise da qualidade da água do Ribeirão Tranqueira
Authors: Silva Brendon Barbosa da , Rocha Leonardo Guedes , Silveira Laura Pereira de Oliveira , Carvalho Aluísio Vasconcelos de , Guimarães Ana Paula Martins
Published: August 2019

O paradigma do desenvolvimento sustentável traz consigo a necessidade de conciliar a constante globalização e ocupação do ambiente com a disposição dos recursos hídricos. Desta forma, minimizariam os efeitos antrópicos causados nos corpos d’águas, principalmente, dentro dos perímetros urbanos ou em locais agropastoris, os quais recebem a maior quantidade de despejos de rede de esgotos, efluentes domésticos e agropecuário, impossibilitando o consumo da água. Desta maneira, o presente trabalho objetivou analisar a presença de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli quantitativo, bem como a presença de ovos e cistos de vermes parasitas em amostras de água coletadas no Ribeirão Tranqueira, na imediação do perímetro urbano do município de Guaraí (TO), e, expressar os resultados de turbidez e o potencial hidrogeniônico da água. Para a realização das análises encontradas no presente trabalho, foram coletadas 5 amostras de água bruta do Ribeirão Tranqueira, sendo as mesmas submetidas a análises microbiológicas, físico-químicas e parasitológicas. Os resultados obtidos, evidenciam a impossibilidade da utilização da água do rio Ribeirão Tranqueira para o consumo humano, ou ainda, para utilização com fins agrícolas sem nenhum tipo de tratamento. Em decorrência disso, fica evidente a necessidade de reabilitação do Ribeirão Tranqueira, tendo em vista a importância da preservação dos recursos naturais para a manutenção do ecossistema.
Literary Ethnography and Translation in Rachid Djaïdani’s Boumkoeur
Authors: Reeck Matt
Published: August 2019

Rachid Djaïdani’s Boumkoeur (1999) exposes the inheritance of colonial anthropological thinking that dominates the reception and production of French minority literature of the banlieue. By using the ethnographic document as a textual template, Djaïdani situates his narrator, Yaz, in the space of negotiation in which colonial ethnographers and their native informants interacted in the field. Describing the French banlieue as a postcolonial ethnographic field, Djaïdani shows how Yaz as a narrator-ethnographer participates in tasks of cultural and linguistic translation. The novel directs the reader’s attention away from the production of an authentic representation of cultural difference. Instead, the novel suggests a new form of literary translation capable of abiding by translation ethics that aim to render in the target language meaningful signs of the complex cultural history of “minor” texts (Deleuze and Guattari, 1987 [1980]; Venuti, 1996) in the source language. The novel serves as an experimental literary ethnography, conceived as a new form of translation, in which the translator is an ethnographer, and the act of translation is one of linguistic and cultural translation. In this new form of translation, the translator is present in the text as an active agent. This presence makes palpable the fraught negotiations out of which any translation is born; moreover, the translator is invested with the functions of the author, adding a new literary element to the act of translation.
Statistical learning attenuates visual activity only for attended stimuli
Authors: Richter David , de Lange Floris P
Published: August 2019

Perception and behavior can be guided by predictions, which are often based on learned statistical regularities. Neural responses to expected stimuli are frequently found to be attenuated after statistical learning. However, whether this sensory attenuation following statistical learning occurs automatically or depends on attention remains unknown. In the present fMRI study, we exposed human volunteers to sequentially presented object stimuli, in which the first object predicted the identity of the second object. We observed a reliable attenuation of neural activity for expected compared to unexpected stimuli in the ventral visual stream. Crucially, this sensory attenuation was only apparent when stimuli were attended, and vanished when attention was directed away from the predictable objects. These results put important constraints on neurocomputational theories that cast perception as a process of probabilistic integration of prior knowledge and sensory information.
Development of a multiplex RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus and Acidovorax citrulli in watermelon
Authors: Bi Xinyue , Li Xiaodong , Yu Haibo , An Mengnan , Li Rui , Xia Zihao , Wu Yuanhua
Published: August 2019

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) is considered as a popular and nutritious fruit crop worldwide. Watermelon blood flesh disease caused by Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and bacterial fruit blotch caused by Acidovorax citrulli, are two major quarantine diseases of watermelon and result in considerable losses to global watermelon production. In this study, a multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was developed for simultaneous detection of CGMMV and A. citrulli in both watermelon leaves and seeds. Two pairs of specific primers were designed based on the conserved sequences of the genomic RNA of CGMMV and the internal transcribed spacer of A. citrulli, respectively. Transcriptional elongation factor-1α from watermelon was added as an internal reference gene to prevent false negatives. No cross-reactivity was detected with other viral or bacterial pathogens infecting watermelon. Moreover, the multiplex RT-PCR showed high sensitivity and could simultaneously detect CGMMV and A. citrulli as little as 102 copies of plasmid DNA. This method was successfully applied to test field-collected watermelon leaves and stored seeds of cucurbitaceous crops. These results suggested that the developed multiplex RT-PCR technique is a rapid, efficient, and sensitive method for simultaneous detection of CGMMV and A. citrulli, providing technical support for monitoring, predicting, and preventing these two quarantine diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first report on simultaneous detection of a virus and a bacterium by multiplex RT-PCR in watermelon.
Dehydration of Fermented Manioc Rasp
Authors: Bulhões Luís Eugênio Lessa , Duarte Rogério Teixeira , De Lima Cícero Luiz Calazans , Leite Maria José de Holanda , Torres Igor Cavalcante , Santana Allan Anderson , Souza Ramon Da Silva , Espinosa David Jossue López
Published: August 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the Ripa enriched with urea, yeast and sugar cane molasses, fermented and subjected to the drying process. Using as parameters: moisture content, Brix, pH, acidity and protein content. We used a completely randomized design with ten replications, two treatments and one control. The model included non-fermented (RNFM) and fermented (RFM) treatments of the variety of Rosinha cassava. Fermentation was performed during 132 hours under ambient conditions, with a 10% yeast treatment (w/V), 4% Urea (w/V) and 20% molasses (w/V) and the other 70 ml of distilled water. Regarding the moisture content of the material after the dehydration period, mean values between 46.42% and 58.33% were observed. The Brix degree of the water treatment and the control samples did not differ, however, differed from the treatment urea + molasses + yeast, which presented the highest values of this parameter. The pH averages ranged from 4.49 to 7.85, differing statistically. Titratable acidity ranged from 1.760 to 14.040. A considerable gain of crude protein was observed in the treatment urea + molasses + yeast, which was statistically higher than the others.
Smoking affects gene expression in blood of patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Cheng Xiyuan , Ferino Eva , Hull Heather , Jickling Glen C. , Ander Bradley P. , Stamova Boryana , Sharp Frank R.
Published: August 2019

Objective

Though cigarette smoking (CS) is a well‐known risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS), there is no data on how CS affects the blood transcriptome in IS patients.

Methods

We recruited IS‐current smokers (IS‐SM), IS‐never smokers (IS‐NSM), control‐smokers (C‐SM), and control‐never smokers (C‐NSM). mRNA expression was assessed on HTA‐2.0 microarrays and unique as well as commonly expressed genes identified for IS‐SM versus IS‐NSM and C‐SM versus C‐NSM.

Results

One hundred and fifty‐eight genes were differentially expressed in IS‐SM versus IS‐NSM; 100 genes were differentially expressed in C‐SM versus C‐NSM; and 10 genes were common to both IS‐SM and C‐SM (P < 0.01; |fold change| ≥ 1.2). Functional pathway analysis showed the 158 IS‐SM‐regulated genes were associated with T‐cell receptor, cytokine–cytokine receptor, chemokine, adipocytokine, tight junction, Jak‐STAT, ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis, and adherens junction signaling. IS‐SM showed more altered genes and functional networks than C‐SM.

Interpretation

We propose some of the 10 genes that are elevated in both IS‐SM and C‐SM (GRP15, LRRN3, CLDND1, ICOS, GCNT4, VPS13A, DAP3, SNORA54, HIST1H1D, and SCARNA6) might contribute to increased risk of stroke in current smokers, and some genes expressed by blood leukocytes and platelets after stroke in smokers might contribute to worse stroke outcomes that occur in smokers.
Synthesis of 2,4‐Diaryl‐1,3‐benzoxazines via FeCl3‐Catalyzed Annulation of ortho‐Hydroxyphenyl‐Substituted para‐Quinone Methides with Imidates
Authors: Zhang Jing‐Ru , Jin Hai‐Shan , Wang Ru‐Bing , Zhao Li‐Ming
Published: August 2019

A strategy has been established for the synthesis of 2,4‐diaryl‐1,3‐benzoxazines via a FeCl3‐catalyzed annulation of ortho‐hydroxyphenyl‐substituted para‐quinone methides (p‐QMs) and imidates. This transformation proceeds under mild, operationally‐simple conditions in a very short time. A wide range of substrates was accessed in this facile chemical transformation, in which the cyclized products were isolated in good to excellent yields (37% to 98%). This reaction not only provides an efficient method for the construction of biologically important 2,4‐diaryl‐1,3‐benzoxazines but also greatly enriches the chemistry of p‐QMs.

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Characteristics of agricultural and occupational injuries by workers’ compensation and other payer sources
Authors: Missikpode Celestin , Peek‐Asa Corinne , Wright Brad , Ramirez Marizen
Published: August 2019

Background

Workers’ compensation claims data are routinely used to identify and describe work‐related injury for public health surveillance and research, yet the proportion of work‐related injuries covered by workers’ compensation, especially in the agricultural industry, is unknown.

Methods

Using data from the Iowa Trauma Registry, we determined the sensitivity and specificity of the use of workers’ compensation as a payer source to ascertain work‐related injuries requiring acute care comparing agriculture with other rural industries.

Results

The sensitivity of workers’ compensation as a payer source to identify work‐related agricultural injuries was 18.5%, suggesting that the large majority of occupational agricultural injuries would not be accurately identified through workers’ compensation records. For rural nonagricultural, rural occupational injuries, the sensitivity was higher (64.2%). Work‐related agricultural injuries were most frequently covered by private insurance (39.6%) and public insurance (21.4%), while rural nonagricultural injuries were most frequently covered by workers’ compensation (65.2%).

Conclusions

Workers’ compensation claims data will not include the majority of work‐related agricultural injuries.
Exposing the Delocalized Cu−S π Bonds on the Au24Cu6(SPhtBu)22 Nanocluster and Its Application in Ring‐Opening Reactions
Authors: Chai Jinsong , Yang Sha , Lv Ying , Chong Hanbao , Yu Haizhu , Zhu Manzhou
Published: August 2019

Bimetallic nanomaterials are of major importance in catalysis. A Au‐Cu bimetallic nanocluster was synthesized that is effective in catalyzing the epoxide ring‐opening reaction. The catalyst was analyzed by SCXRD and ESI‐MS and found to be Au24Cu6(SPhtBu)22 (Au24Cu6 for short). Six copper atoms exclusively occupy the surface positions in two groups with three atoms for each, and each group was bonded with three thiolate ligands to give a planar motif reminiscent of a benzene ring. In the epoxide‐ring opening reaction, Au24Cu6 exhibited superior catalytic activity compared to other homometallic and Au‐Cu alloy NCs, such as Au25 and Au38−xCux. Control experiments and DFT calculations revealed that the π conjugation among the Cu−S bonds played a pivotal role. This study demonstrates a unique π conjugation established among the Cu−S bonds as a critical structural motif in the nanocluster, which facilitates the catalysis of a ring‐opening reaction.
A Bivalent Inhibitor of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Radiolabeled with Copper‐64 with High Tumor Uptake and Retention
Authors: Zia Nicholas A. , Cullinane Carleen , Van Zuylekom Jessica K. , Waldeck Kelly , McInnes Lachlan E. , Buncic Gojko , Haskali Mohammad B. , Roselt Peter D. , Hicks Rodney J. , Donnelly Paul S.
Published: August 2019

Molecules containing lysine‐ureido‐glutamate functional groups bind to the active site of prostate specific membrane antigen, which is overexpressed in prostate cancer. To prepare copper radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer, macrobicyclic sarcophagine ligands tethered to either one or two lysine‐ureido‐glutamate functional groups through an appropriate linker have been prepared. Sarcophagine ligands can be readily radiolabeled with positron‐emitting copper‐64 at room temperature. The bivalent agent, in which two targeting groups are tethered to a single copper complex, dramatically outperforms the monomeric agent with respect to tumor uptake and retention. The high tumor uptake, low background, and prolonged tumor retention, even at 24 hours post injection, suggest the bivalent agent is a promising diagnostic for prostate cancer and could be used for prospective dosimetry for therapy with a copper‐67 variant.
Biomimetic Synchronized Motion of Two Interacting Macrocycles in [3]Rotaxane‐Based Molecular Shuttles
Authors: Zheng Li‐Shuo , Cui Jie‐Shun , Jiang Wei
Published: August 2019

Noncovalent interactions between all the neighboring components in biomolecular machines are responsible for their synchronized motion and thus complex functions. This strategy has rarely been used in multicomponent molecular machines. Here, we report four [3]rotaxane‐based molecular shuttles. Noncovalent interactions among the three components (two interacting macrocycles and one axle) not only cause a “systems‐level” effect on the relative positions of the two macrocycles along the axle, but also result in a synchronized motion of the two macrocycles when adding partial amount of stimuli. Moreover, the intermediate state with one shuttled macrocycle even exist predominantly in the solution during the titration of stimuli, which is theoretically unexpected for the [3]rotaxane with two non‐interacting rings. This biomimetic strategy may provide a method for constructing highly complex molecular machines.
Experimental design to enhance the surface appearance, the internal structure, and the shear stresses of injected and metallized polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene‐styrene parts
Authors: Hentati Fatma , Hadriche Ismail , Masmoudi Neila , Bradai Chedly
Published: August 2019

Polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) possess thermal and mechanical properties, which make them materials of choice for automotive components. These properties have presented PC/ABS as an eligible replacement for metals in automotive industry. The aim of this study was to explore a new approach to determine the optimum conditions for obtaining quality and shear stresses of the injected and metalized PC/ABS parts. For this purpose, the following six injection‐molding parameters such as material temperature (137ma), injection pressure (Pinj), holding pressure (Ph), mold temperature (Tmo), holding time (th), and cooling time (tc) were considered at four different values. The effect of the injection parameters studied has been analyzed through the quality and the shear stresses values of the injected and metallized PC/ABS specimens. Optical microscopic and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) results demonstrate that the occurrence of some defects such as weld line, blister, poor adhesion, metal residue, sand scratch. Moreover, scanning electron microscope (SEM) findings show the presence of core defects and solidified pellets. Shear stresses vary between 3.78 and 5.8 MPa for the injected specimens and 4.5 and 6.4 MPa for the metallized specimens. The optimum injection parameter combinations were conditioned by producing flawless injected and metallized PC/ABS parts having a significant shear stress value. Thus, the optimum combinations consists of: a Tma of 260 °C, a Pinj ranging between 30 and 50 bar, a Ph ranging between 20 and 25 bar, a Tmo of 40 °C, a th ranging between 8 and 14 sec. and a tc of 25 sec. These findings may have interesting applications in automotive part industry. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48384.
Resource procurement and inter‐regional connections in pre‐contact Taranaki, New Zealand: New evidence from geochemical analysis of obsidian
Authors: BROWN ANDREW , PITMAN DEREK
Published: August 2019

Early Polynesian colonists in New Zealand were quick to identify key economic resources. One such resource – obsidian – was transported widely during the early settlement phase of New Zealand. Here, we present the results of portable X‐ray fluorescence analysis of obsidian artefacts from five early settlement sites and two later sites in Taranaki on the west coast of New Zealand's North Island. Our research suggests obsidian from six source areas was present in Taranaki sites, with the majority of material coming from Mayor Island and the nearby Coromandel Peninsula. Low rates of cortical material suggest a down‐the‐line procurement process, although this result is made equivocal by evidence of relatively expedient use of obsidian in the early period. Finally, the marked variation between Taranaki sites and contemporary sites further north appears consistent with the development of regionally specific procurement strategies very early in pre‐contact New Zealand.
Health-related quality of life in a randomized trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy plus surgery in patients with oesophageal cancer (NeoRes trial)
Authors: Sunde B , Klevebro F , Johar A , Johnsen G , Jacobsen A-B , Glenjen N I , Friesland S , Lindblad M , Ajengui A , Lundell L , Lagergren P , Nilsson M
Published: August 2019

Background

There are few data comparing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone (nCT) compared with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in patients with oesophageal cancer.

Methods

In the NeoRes trial, patients were assigned randomly in a 1 : 1 ratio to receive either cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on day 1 and an infusion of 750 mg per m2 5-fluorouracil over 24 h on days 1–5 in three 21-day cycles (nCT) or the same chemotherapy regimen, but with the addition of 40 Gy radiotherapy (nCRT). HRQoL data were collected at baseline, after neoadjuvant therapy and at 1, 3 and 5 years after surgery. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) core questionnaire QLQ-C30 and disease-specific modules were used.

Results

Of 181 patients randomized, 165 were included in the analysis of HRQoL. In a direct comparison between the allocated treatments, odynophagia after completion of neoadjuvant therapy but before surgery (P = 0·047) and troublesome coughing at 3 years' follow-up (P = 0·011) were more pronounced in the nCRT arm. In the longitudinal analyses within each treatment arm, a large deterioration in HRQoL was noted at 1 year. Some recovery was seen in both arms over time but, after 3 and 5 years, patients in the nCRT arm reported more symptoms compared with baseline than patients in the nCT arm.

Conclusion

HRQoL after multimodal treatment for cancer of the oesophagus or gastro-oesophageal junction was impaired and more pronounced in patients who underwent nCRT, with only partial recovery over time.