bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential and empirical model for describing psycholinguistic meanings
Authors: Makhaev Mairbeck , Mamalova Khouzu , Vagapov Arby
Published: July 2021

The paper is devoted to the problem of semantics of proper names. Nowadays, in linguistics, there are different points of view on the nature of the semantics of proper names. This paper states the discovery of a new kind of meaning of proper names - psycholinguistic. This concept is based on the use of experimental methods for studying the meanings of words, which involves an appeal to the consciousness of native speakers. Psycholinguistic experiments were carried out by us in Voronezh. Subjects - 330 students. The method of free and directed associative experiment was used. Various toponyms (“Moscow”, “St. Petersburg”, “Volgograd”), including “Voronezh”, were used as a stimulus material. According to the results of experiments on the stimulus “Voronezh”, a total of 1,055 verbal associative reactions were obtained. Then the semantic interpretation of associative reactions was carried out, which consists in understanding the reactions as linguistic representations of certain signs of the denotation - semantic components. As a result, the psycholinguistic meaning of the toponym “Voronezh” was formulated, which is very different from its meaning in toponymic dictionaries. We call this new kind of meaning psycholinguistic.
Personal characteristics affecting the biological age of the individual
Authors: Berezina Tatiana , Buzanov Kirill
Published: July 2021

The aim of the research is to study the influence of personality traits and the life path on the rate of biological aging of adults, depending on their gender and age. Methods: diagnostic (questioning the life path, self-esteem of personality, determination of biological age) and statistical (automatic neural networks). Subjects: 987 people (including 575 women) aged 35-70 years from various regions of the Russian Federation. Continuous target variable: relative biological aging of the organism (Biological Age – Proper Biological Age). Continuous input variables: indicators of life path and personality self-esteem. Results: the general factors influencing the rate of biological aging were identified: negative factors that enhance aging - addictions and overwork; and positive factors that slow down aging are having children and professionalization. Personal indicators that changed their sign after a person retired were also found. Women changed their sign from negative to positive for indicators “work at the present time” and “study at the present time”, for men – “a positive attitude to pension reform” and professional activities of the types “Human-Technology”, “Human-Sign”. The negative strategies of organizing the life path leading to the acceleration of biological aging are highlighted: “forming the addictions and striving for excesses” and “multiplication of the load”. Positive strategies are also highlighted: “positive activity strategy” (for women and men of retirement age) and “family strategy” (for men of pre-retirement age).
Improving the level of development of speech competence of students in higher educational institutions through the implementation of the author’s program
Authors: Ovsyannikova Olga , Bocharnikov Igor , Bobrova Svetlana
Published: July 2021

The developed method was tested at the Moscow State Regional University. As a result of its testing, the authors identified the reasons for the development of students ‘speech competence and described the necessary methods to improve its level. The analysis of the obtained data showed that in the experimental group, the level of development of speech competence after the implementation of the program for the formation of speech competence of students significantly increased in comparison with the results obtained in the control group. These data demonstrate a gradual change in values in the direction of improving the level of speech and language training of students from the first year to the third. In the course of the study, a pattern was formulated, which consists in the fact that the level of speech competence depends more on the creation of the necessary conditions for the professionalization of speech activity. The author’s program widely uses texts of a professional nature, as well as tasks aimed at developing skills and abilities to work with analytical information, with professional service documentation, compiled mainly in official business, scientific styles. The presented didactic material for classes is mainly compiled from professional texts in order to familiarize students with the specifics of these texts and develop skills and abilities to work with such materials.
Virtual project as a tool for leadership skills development
Authors: Kobicheva Aleksandra
Published: July 2021

The paper is dedicated to the investigation of international online project influence on students’ leadership skills development. The sample included 141 students who participated in the online X-culture project as a part of their professional discipline course. The research was carried out in the years 2019-2020. The students were surveyed every week during a 2-month length project. For the analysis, we used the answers of the first and the last surveys to determine the impact of the project. The results showed significant improvements in all indicators of Leadership skills that confirmed the positive influence of the X-culture project. Moreover, we conducted inter-views with ten random students to reveal the influencing factors of the project and define whether the project changes students’ behavior toward professional discipline learning. Students confirmed the positive influence of working in a virtual team on their communication skills and general motivation to study the professional discipline. Thus, we confirmed the importance of implementing project activity into the courses of professional discipline due to substantial influence on leadership skills development and higher engagement in the learning process.
Development of foreign joint educational programs in the higher education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Nizamov Aslitdin , Gaybullaev Farhod , Zahidova Umida
Published: July 2021

The article examines the experience of developing and implementing relatively new for higher education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan foreign joint educational programs. The factors contributing to their development, the problems arising during the implementation of programs are determined, and indicators characterizing their general trend are studied. As a result of studying the Geographical distribution of joint educational programs, implemented by higher education institutions of Uzbekistan with foreign partners, share of joint programs organized by specialties, of the geography of the countries that have established joint educational programs with Uzbekistan, the influence of the Uzbek mentality on the success of the implementation of programs are provided scientifically grounded proposals and recommendations for the development of joint educational programs with foreign universities.
Universum of education in the context of the whole and part
Authors: Rybakov Nikolay , Yarmolich Natalya
Published: July 2021

Although at present there are quite a few studies on the philosophy of education, nevertheless, their authors pay insufficient attention to understanding the phenomenon of education as a universal phenomenon of social life. This article analyzes education not only as a socio-cultural phenomenon, but is considered more broadly as an integral (single-separate) system with many components. This allows us to formulate the main question of the philosophy of education, to present education as a universe, closely linking the state, society and person into a single whole. In this regard, the authors intend to show that the solution of the numerous problems facing society in crisis situations depends on the solution of the main issue of the philosophy of education. They proceed from the fact that the essence of education lies in the ascent of man to universal nature, as Hegel spoke about in his time, and the most important component of this process is the awakening of spirituality. The need to bring the real educational process into conformity with its idea (meaning) is revealed as the most important condition and criterion for the effectiveness of education. The idea of education carries the maximum generalized potential of studying the phenomenon of education and shows that education as a whole cannot be reduced or viewed through the prism of any one of its components.
Online distance education system in remote region in the Russian and Mongolian universities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kokhan Sergey , Purevdorj Dulamjav , Khusman Oyungerel , Shagdarsuren Oyunchimeg , Baatar Bayasgalanmunkh
Published: July 2021

The objective of the study is to compare the role of faculty between two universities in restriction regime conditions, to identify problems and future perspectives for the transformation of information technologies in universities. The study was conducted among 145 lecturers from Russia and 102 lecturers from Mongolia. The questionnaire consists of 20 questions related to the research topic. The anonymous study was conducted in July 2020 after the second academic semester. The analysis of the resulting survey showed 100% adaptability to online learning of the lecturers in the National University of the Medical Science in Darkhan and 75% adaptability to online learning of the lecturers in Trans-Baikal State University when they moved to the online learning approach. The effectiveness and quality of the transition to the online learning approach principally depend on the professional qualities of lecturers. The lecturers of the Mongolian university had an adequately high level of application of modern information and communication technology in distance learning in comparison with the lectures in Trans-Baikal State University. The implementation of the educational online process by lecturers should be focused on obtaining high-quality higher education, two university students. Survey findings point to the need for universities to continue to improve digital transformation, which is currently one of the most effective ways to engage students in the educational process.
Sustainable community based tourism: impact, challenges and opportunities (the case of Huai Nam Guen Village, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand)
Authors: Sitikarn Bussaba
Published: July 2021

This article provides a single-case research study of Huai Nam Guen village in Chiang Rai province, Thailand. Through identifying the important facilitators and possible inhibitors to CBT, this research reveals that CBT operations can conform to the principles of sustainable tourism through participative roles of the community and the different relevant stakeholders, identity creation and maintenance, exploiting the economic, socio-cultural and ecological resources, continuous learning, and taking land ownership in the systematic design of the community landscape and agricultural best practices. Clearly, to influence CBT operations towards sustainability, it is important to influence the community at the behavioural level. In this sense, this research contributes to the fragmented knowledge and publications of CBT in the context of behavioural emphasis.
Correlation between trends in the residential real estate market and subway development in the metropolises of the Russian Federation
Authors: Ilyina Irina , Kovalsky Egor , Khnikina Tatyana , Voronova Olga
Published: July 2021

This paper considers connection and interdependence between construction of new subway chains and stations and development trends in the real estate market. Via comprehensive implementation of market analysis methods, together with data grouping and assessment, the study systemizes the principles required for a successful development of the urban and transport infrastructure within particular districts in Saint-Petersburg and Moscow. Resulting from the conducted analysis, the authors highlighted key aspects in terms of subway construction taking into consideration its direct connection with the specifics of a given district. The interdependence between increasing prices at the real estate market and subway construction is justified.
Satisfying the population’s demand for neighbourhood improvement: a transdisciplinary approach of programme solutions
Authors: Barsukova Tatiana , Parsieva Larisa , Gatsalova Larisa , Latysheva Lyudmila , Ivashova Valentine
Published: July 2021

The article provides a theoretical review of the literature on assessing the relevance of various aspects of community improvement. The authors have developed a toolkit for analyzing the population’s demand and level of satisfaction, including 15 indicators. Empirical data on the requests for the improvement of settlements have been collected on the territory of the South of Russia by electronic questionnaires 819 people, permanent residents of 18 settlements by random stratified sampling. Statistical analysis using the method of allocation of principal components in the program SPSS Statistics (version 21) allowed to develop models of the population’s demands on improving settlements of the Stavropol Territory. The applied modelling algorithm allows improving the decision-making system in the field of improvement of territories with the involvement of stakeholders’ opinions. Shows the possibilities of developing a transdisciplinary approach for quality improvement of people’s lives and sustainable development of territories.
Investment in ecology to preserve the environment
Authors: Semenova Galina
Published: July 2021

Investing money in environmental protection measures is an investment project. The ecological problem is one of the global problems of our time. Disposal of household waste and their pollution of the environment is currently one of the most serious environmental problems in Russia. Human waste products also significantly affect the pollution of water bodies, since water that is used in cities for the needs of the population from the sewage system often enters directly into open water bodies, bypassing the system of treatment facilities, the quality of which leaves much to be desired: most of them almost cannot cope with their functions due to outdated and deteriorated equipment. In Russia, the national project “Ecology” has been adopted, since the need for the introduction of new technologies that do not harm the environment has long been acute.The subject of the studyis the investment of enterprises and organizations in environmental innovations for the preservation of natural resources.The purpose of the studyis the necessity and significance of investments in high-tech projects to improve the environmental situation and reduce emissions of pollutants into the air.Methodology.The financial support of the new national project “Ecology” has been studied. The companies that successfully implement the latest technologies in their production, focused on reducing the harm caused to the environment, thereby attracting investments in their projects, are highlighted.Results.Enterprises will be able to attract investments for the development of their own production only if they are attractive to investors, for whom such aspects of work as the introduction of modern technologies, taking into account the minimization of harm to the environment, are extremely important.
Sustainable development in the era of digitalization: legal aspect
Authors: Miroshnik Svetlana , Vlasova Tatyana , Duel Vera , Zgorgelskaya Svetlana , Lesovaya Tatyana
Published: July 2021

The relevance of the topic of study is caused by the role and importance of the concept of sustainable development, the implementation of which allows creating a society, which, influenced by diverse internal and external factors, is capable of establishing a new equilibrium both within itself and in relation to the environment. The research object is public relations arising in the digitalization process. The purpose of the scientific research is to conduct systemic analysis of the impact of digitalization on sustainable development and the definition of the role of the law in the conditions of domination of constantly changing information and communication technologies. During the study, systemic, analytical, logical methods were used, as well as methods of interpretation of law, scientific forecasting, scientific intuition. It is concluded that the concept of sustainable development is aimed at creating an optimal, harmonious relationship of the needs, aspirations and interests of current and future generations on the basis of such fundamental principles of law as: equality, inadmissibility of abuse, prohibiting discrimination. The proposed characteristic made it possible to substantiate the diversity of the right to develop and subjective law. It has been proven that digitalization entails both positive and negative consequences. It is necessary to continue work on the international level of solutions, the implementation of which will allow achieving dynamic equilibrium.
Buddhism in Russia in XX century and environmental policy: government and legal regulation
Authors: Badmatsyrenov Timur , Badmatsyrenova Elizaveta , Dansarunova Sanzhida
Published: July 2021

The article is aimed at studying the modern model of relations between the Russian state and Buddhist communities. Today it is one of the most promising multidisciplinary endeavours of political, legal and sociological research. We have analyzed three models of interaction between the Russian state and Buddhist communities: the Imperial, the Soviet and the Contemporary. The article places special emphasis on the historical and legal analysis of the main stages in development of Russian legal policy in relation to Buddhism.
The category of the heart in philosophy and religion: from mysticism to pragmatics
Authors: Rybakov Nikolay
Published: July 2021

One of the extremely urgent problems of modern anthropology is the problem of the whole person, more precisely, the problem of the completeness of his nature. It includes many elements of a different nature, which raises the question of the existence of a center that controls human activity as an integral being. The author proceeds from the fact that such a coordinating center, in accordance with historical, philosophical and religious studies, is the human heart. The article analyzes the features of understanding the heart, presented in the philosophical and religious literature. Special attention is paid to the views of the Christian philosopher A. S. Pozov, who takes a clear position in revealing the fundamental role of the human heart in all the diversity of its existence. The functional elements of cardiac activity, which can be of practical importance, have been identified. A series of questions about the practical applications of heart problem research has been formulated. This is the role and significance of the heart in the transition to a digital society. These are, further, the ways and means of transformation of human nature and their justification. Finally, following I. A. Ilyin, we talk about the need to study the evolution of the forms of “heart contemplation.”
Numerical modelling of heat convection processes in the ducts of two-stage heat exchanger
Authors: Kolev Zhivko , Kadirova Seher
Published: July 2021

The paper presents results from numerical modelling in ABAQUS of heat convection processes in the ducts of two-stage “water to air” heat exchanger, used as a heat consumer in reversible heat pump installation. A comparison between the values of heat convection coefficient has been done, as they have been determined on the basis of simulation results, and criterion equations. The heat convection processes have been modelled on the base of boundary conditions, determined by measuring of main parameters. The computing mesh has been verified on the basis of certain temperature values, by successively increasing the number of computing cells. The heat convection processes in the ducts of the heat exchanger have been simulated in “heating” and “cooling” modes of the installation. The study has been performed in laboratory conditions.
Improving energy performance of a Cement Manufacturing factory by using Waste Heat Recovery Systems, Estimated vs. Actual achievements
Authors: Scripcariu Mircea , Gheorghiu Cristian , Gheorghiu Miruna , Dobrica Alexandra Gabriela
Published: July 2021

Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) Systems are spreading more and more in cement factories and are essential in achieving the energy performance required by the European Directives, legislation, and standards. Using WHR Systems may assure an important percentage of the energy required by the manufacturing process, with no additional fuel and no additional greenhouse gas emissions. Using the waste heat as a power generation source, increases the energy efficiency of the process and decreases the thermal energy losses. As long as the kiln is functional, so is the WHR powerplant, generating the energy in an efficient manufacturing process with low operational costs and increased reliability. This paper aims at evaluating the actual technic and economic performance of a WHR System compared to the estimated performance determined in the feasibility study which was done prior to the investment in order to prove the viability of the technology in the cement manufacturing industrial sector. The paper proves that the WHR proved to be financially inefficient if the feasibility study input data was considered and correlated with the actual technical performance but lead to extremely attractive financial indicators when considering actual, updated capital expenditures and operational expenditures and technical performance.
The Heat Transfer Performance of MWCNT, CuO, and Al2O3 Nanofluids in an Automotive Engine Radiator
Authors: Mahdi Al-Araji Karaar , Almoussawi M.A. , Alwana Kareem J.
Published: July 2021

The effect of enhancing heat transfer using three nanofluids, Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes MWCNT, Copper oxide CuO, and aluminum oxide Al2O3, have been experimentally studied on the automotive radiator with a concentration of 1% vol and different flow rates (4-8) l/min, air velocity of 3 m/s and inlet temperatures range (60-80) °C. The results showed that the use of nanofluids improved the thermal performance compared to the base fluid. Using the (MWCNT-Water) achieved 41.7% of Nusselt number where as, copper oxide (CuO) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) have improved the Nussult number by 31.7 % and 12.3 % respectively. The Nusselt number showed an increase with the increase in the flow rate and the inlet temperature.
A study of the transient processes in the physical model of the electric power systems with predominant part of the renewable energy sources
Authors: Nedelchev Ivaylo , Zhivomirov Hristo , Kamenov Yoncho
Published: July 2021

The renewable energy take part in the most of the electric power systems in the modern world. The part of this type of energy in the global electric power system, as well as in the local scale, increases with the setting the stricter requirements for decreasing the level of the carbon dioxide emissions. This is the result of the newest international conventions and decision for saving the nature. By these conditions, the electric power systems are forced to work with more different types of energy sources: wind power, photovoltaic, biomass plants etc. Switching of such miscellaneous power sources, leads to complicated transient processes, which are developed due to specific electrical parameters, especially harmonic components, of the synchronous generators, photovoltaic and wind power plants. This paper represents data from measurements of the transient processes into the physical model of the electric power system with predominant part of renewable energy and assesses the applicability of the model. For conducting this study, the multichannel DAQ measurement system is used.
Renewable energy as an integral part of the Bulgarian energy mix
Authors: Stankova Todorka , Toneva Daniela
Published: July 2021

An economy with net-zero greenhouse gas emissions is the new EU 2050 is a main long– term strategic objective, which follows the EU RES promotion policy. Investment in renewable energy is a key factor for reduction of the conventional energy sources’ carbon footprint. The transition from conventional to green energy is an on-going process. The renewable energy becomes an integral part from the energy mix of EU countries, including Bulgaria. Current research on RES component of Bulgarian energy mix covers the period from 2007 to 2019. It reveals the internal renewable energy subsector structure. The preconditions for solar and wind energy project are analysed, together with the levels of RES energy production in Bulgaria. The Bulgaria RES sector incoherence is highlighted. Some trends of RES development in the context of gross final energy production and consumption are revealed. Some gaps in Bulgarian practices regarding RES promotion policy implementation are identified and discussed.
Evaluation of the influence of the windbreak trees on the change of wind shear in weakly complex terrains
Authors: Terziev Angel , Panteleev Yancho , Iliev Iliya , Beloev Hristo
Published: July 2021

The turbulent nature of the wind above the earth’s surface depends on both the topology of the terrain and the presence of natural obstacles along the way such as low grasses and shrubs, as well as medium-tall trees. When the wind passes through the indicated obstacles, detachment is observed i.e. formation of large eddies, which are carried away by the main flow, after which they dissipate. The size of the vortices, as well as the period of dissipation, depends on the wind speed, as well as the type of obstacle. The presence of windbreak trees significantly changes the wind shear over the surface, and hence the energy potential of the wind in the vicinity of trees. In present work, the influence of the tree belt on the wind shear at the adopted prevailing wind direction is investigated. The degree of deformation of the speed profile after the obstacle in weakly complex terrain is shown. Relevant prescriptions for the location of wind turbines in the vicinity of windbreak trees are presented in view of minimum shading and maximum energy output.
A theoretical study on the mass input and output and energy of the biomedical waste incinerator
Authors: Jaber Sari , Aljawad Alaa Aldin , Prisecaru Tudor , Pop Elena
Published: July 2021

Medical waste production has increased with many government and private hospitals and health centres due to the increase in the population, especially in the spread of Coronavirus Covid-19. This increase in medical waste is treating in medical incinerators. One of the advantages of incineration is the reduction of volume, weight and energy recovery. This paper examines the medical waste incinerator of one of the Medical City hospitals in Baghdad, as this incinerator internally divided into primary and secondary chambers. The medical waste for yellow bags placed in the primary chamber is burned with the help of air and a burner of 178-356 kW, resulting in waste burned. Then the combustion products pass through the secondary chamber, wherewith air and another burner of 178-356 kW, the combustion of gases and volatile materials from the waste completed. Air is then supplied to the flue gases to dilute the emission concentrations and reduce the flue gas temperature. This paper presents a study on the inputs and outputs of waste, air, fuel and the advantage of the heat quantity generated from the combustion of biomedical waste. As a result of this theoretical work, this incinerator provides an acceptable and durable solution to waste disposal problems and the risks of spreading viruses today.
Selective, weighted morphological research, by dividing the equipment for biocompost production by submorphologies
Authors: Olan Mihai , Păun Anișoara , Găgeanu Paul , Ungureanu Nicoleta , Bunduchi George , Zaica Alexandru
Published: July 2021

This paper describes the use of the method of selective, weighted morphological research by dividing by inventics submorphologies to analyze the equipment for biocompost production. The selective morphological research method was used to find the optimal constructive solution which is then developed in the research, design and testing of an innovative piece of equipment. Using Bellman's principle and the method of morphological analysis, the known constructive solutions will be studied, their weighting will be achieved by dividing by submorphologies and the Bellman diagram will be constructed to determine the weighting coefficient of the optimal solution.
An experimental investigation of working with ordinary and electromagnetic nozzles
Authors: Kehayov Dimitar , Atanasov Atanas , Cujbescu Dan
Published: July 2021

The great variety of plant protection equipment, the shape, length and slope of the cultivated area, the type of sprayers used and the professional skills of the operator require an individual approach to each sprayer and cultivated area. The aim of this study was to compare the area of the double-treated sections when working with ordinary and electromagnetic nozzles at different slopes of the treated area. For the analysis, actual field coverage data were used when working with the Amazone self-propelled sprayer - Pantera 4502, with a boom width of 24 m, half of which is equipped with electromagnetic nozzles and the other half - with ordinary nozzles. It was found that when working with ordinary nozzles, the area of overlap increases with increasing degree of overlap and the angle of inclination of the section boundary. The area of overlap when using ordinary nozzles is almost 3 times larger than when using electromagnetic at 100% overlap of the treated areas. Regression models, surfaces and lines were obtained, with the help of which the area of overlap in each section of the treated field can be determined.
Determination of qualitative working indices of harrows with elastic fangs
Authors: Cujbescu Dan , Matei Gheorghe , Kehayov Dimitar , Atanasov Atanas
Published: July 2021

In modern agriculture, grinding, levelling, loosening the soil surface layer and weed destruction, with application in the vegetable and technical crops sector, are carried out by a wide range of agricultural machines generically called harrows. These operations must be carried out by splitting on the natural lines of cohesion and not by hitting, cutting, compressing, breaking, when everything turns to dust. The paper presents the field tests for a harrow with elastic fangs in order to determine the following qualitative work indices: degree of soil grinding, degree of plant damage, degree of weed destruction, degree of levelling, working depth and operating energy indices for the maintenance of corn and sunflower crops.
Kinematics of the seedling plant with vertical distributor and buckets
Authors: Mitrache Paul-Marius , Ciupercă Radu , Sărăcin Ioan
Published: July 2021

In this paper are presented some theoretical and experimental research on the kinematics of planting seedlings of vertical disc type and buckets, the variant of planting directly in the cultivated soil, the kinematics that must ensure the correlation between the working speed of the planting equipment and the speed periphery of the bucket, so that the seedling is planted in an upright position. After a brief presentation of the research carried out worldwide in the field, the kinematic scheme of the planting apparatus and the condition that must be fulfilled by the construction and operation of the apparatus for the correct planting of the seedling are presented. The relations for the projections of the studied point, called the tracer (root of the seedling) and of the afferent angular velocity, are written in a system of xOy coordinates. Using the real values of a studied planting machine, the real and corrected trajectories of the studied tracer point were drawn, using the MatLab program. Following the research, the related conclusions and recommendations for improvement were formulated.
Technology for biohumus production, an alternative to conventional fertilizers for bio agriculture
Authors: Laza Evelin-Anda , Cristea Oana , Ungureanu Nicoleta
Published: July 2021

Composting is the process of decomposition and transformation of solid organic substances by microorganisms (mainly bacteria and fungi) into a stable material, which can be used (depending on characteristics) in agriculture, instead of chemical fertilizers or land improvement works (soil improvement. The composting process consists of two stages: mechanical treatment and decomposition (fermentation). In the case of mechanical treatment, the waste is crushed, homogenized and prepared for biological treatment, fermentation. The fermentation stage consists in three main stages, namely the mesophilic fermentation stage, the thermophilic fermentation stage and the maturation stage of the compost.
Precision sowing of vegetable seeds using electrically operated distribution devices
Authors: Muscalu Adriana , Tudora Cătălina , Vlăduțoiu Laurențiu , Vlad Constantin , Dorogan Angela
Published: July 2021

The high efficiency of vegetable crops is influenced, in addition to soil preparation works, weed, diseases and pests control, irrigation, etc. by precision sowing, which involves placing a certain number of seeds at an exact depth and distance. Thus, cost savings, a high reliability of production and especially a greater uniformity of crops are achieved, most often uniform and quality productions being obtained. For vegetable species in the case of which harvesting is practiced only once, uniformity of seed distribution is particularly important. In most cases, vegetable seeds have small size, irregular shape and small mass. These characteristics make the development of precision seeders for this type of seed quite difficult. Precision sowing of vegetable seeds ensures a correct sowing rate, which implies an optimal space for plant growth and development, thus improving crop yields. The paper presents a summary of the current state of precision seeders equipped with electrically operated distributors for vegetable seeds, as well as the preliminary results of research conducted by authors in this field.
A method to analyse urban heatwaves. Case study - Bucharest City (Romania)
Authors: Gogoașe-Nistoran Daniela-Elena , Antohe Daniel-Marian , Opriș Ioana , Ionescu Cristina-Sorana
Published: July 2021

Long-term variation of hourly air temperature obtained from Open Weather, Romania, was analysed in the center of Bucharest city, over a period of 40 years (1980-2020). A computer program to extract summer heatwaves within the study period was written. Analysing the results an extreme heatwave scenario has been defined within the context of climate change and urban influence, to be used in future air and water temperature models.
Pneumatic Actuator Controlled by Proportional Valve. Experimental results
Authors: Cococi Valentin Nicolae , Călinoiu Constantin , Safta Carmen-Anca
Published: July 2021

In nowadays the pneumatic controlled systems are widely used in industrial applications where valves must be operated, where there is a fire ignition risk, or in different automation systems where a positioning action is desired. The paper presents the experimental results of a pneumatic actuator controlled by a proportional control valve. The goal of the paper is to compare the experimental results with the numerical simulation results and to improve the mathematical model associated with the experiment.
Numerical and analytical study of seismic response of structural systems with new formulation using energy and impact methods
Authors: Babaei Mehdi , Mollaei Somayeh , Petrudi Amin Moslemi , Jalilkhani Maysam , Scurtu Ionut Cristian
Published: July 2021

This paper presents two simple and robust technique for response estimating of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structural systems. The impulse method, because it is formulated based on the fundamentals of dynamics; especially, the linear impulse concept, and also the energy method, because the main idea of this method is inspired by energy conservation principles. These methods can strongly cope with linear damped systems for which damping ratio ζ is greater than 0.01. Assessment of SDOF dynamic systems under any arbitrary excitations is easily possible through the proposed methods. There is no error propagation through the solving process. The numerical example reveals the simplicity and robustness of the new technique compared to Duhamel’s integral and similar techniques. Finally, a numerical example is investigated to demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithms. The most famous record of El Centro ground motion is applied to the systems. The obtained results show that the new algorithm works exactly enough to compete with a conventional method such as the Duhamel integration method and the Newmark-β method. A comparison between the results of this method with the solution methods used by other researchers is shown to be a good match.
Modification of structural, thermal and optical properties of PC-PET/CdSe NCP using gamma radiation
Authors: Bahareth Radiyah A. , Benthami Kaoutar , Alhazime Ali A. , Nouh Samir A.
Published: July 2021

In the current study we synthesized a nanocomposite (NCP) from polycarbonate/polybutylene terephthalate (PC-PET) blend and CdSe nanoparticles (NPs) through ex-situ casting methodology. CdSe NPs were synthesized using thermolysis technique with N2gas flow. X-ray diffraction data for CdSe NPs are reported. The Rietveld refinement indicated that the synthesized CdSe acclimatizes cubic zinc blends constitution of a lattice parameter 6.057 Å and an average grain size of 2 nm. The PC-PET/CdSe NCP samples were irradiated by gamma doses between 20 and 230 kGy. The induced variations in the structure, thermal and optical properties of the gamma irradiated PC-PET/CdSe NCP have been illustrated by means of TEM, XRD, TGA, FTIR and UV–vis spectroscopes. The irradiation with doses in the range 50–230 kGy leads to the domination of crosslinking that improves the amorphous content. This increases the degradation temperature from 417 to 432 °C indicative of an enhancement in the thermostability of the NCP samples. Also, the optical band gap is reduced from 4.28 to 3.76 eV which is ascribed to the enhancement in the amorphous content of the irradiated PC-PET/CdSe NCP. This specifies that the gamma irradiation causes a more compactness of the NCP and leads to appropriate spreading of CdSe NPs within the PC-PET matrix. Additionally, the CIE approach was used to describe the colored samples. It is found that the PC-PET/CdSe NCP acquires color due to gamma doses, as the color intensity reached a remarkable color difference larger than 5 (14.9) which is a reasonable challenge in saleable reproduction on printing press.
Champ géomagnétique et dynamique du noyau terrestre
Authors: Gillet Nicolas
Published: July 2021

Le champ géomagnétique est principalement généré par les mouvements de métal liquide dans le noyau de la Terre par « effet dynamo », 3000 km sous nos pieds. Son évolution est suivie en continu au sol et, depuis vingt ans, par des satellites qui nous apportent des informations sans précédent.

Notre compréhension de la « géodynamo » a évolué ces dernières années, grâce aussi aux importantes avancées des calculs numériques.

L’information portée par les mesures magnétiques, couplée à celle des simulations hautes performances, nous aide à reconstituer la dynamique dans le noyau. Les champs d’applications sont vastes, la dynamique du noyau affectant par exemple la durée du jour ou le champ magnétique gouvernant la météo de l’espace.
The effectiveness of mineralized plasmatic matrix in the closure of alveolar clefts with volumetric assessment
Authors: Ellapakurthi Padminii , Reddy Gotike Siva Prasad
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of mineralized plasmatic matrix in the soft tissue closure of naso-alveolar fistula, to estimate the postoperative bone fill and volume of the graft placed in the alveolar cleft defect using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at 3rd- month and 6th- month. Material and methods: 10 patients, in the age group of 15‑30 years were included in this study. They were diagnosed with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus defects with or without a cleft palate requiring late secondary alveolar bone grafting. Alveolar cleft defects were closed with mineralized plasmatic matrix (MPM), a combination of autogenous iliac bone graft and platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet rich fibrin (PRF). Results: The mean defect volume pre-operatively is 0.75 cm3 and at the end of 3rd-month postoperatively is 0.51 cm3 and at 6th-month postoperatively is 0.27 cm3. The average percentage of bone fill between preoperative (A) & 3th- month postoperatively (B) is 33.4% and between 3rd-month (B) and 6th-month post operatively (C) is 49.5%. Conclusions: Utilization of this new matrix (MPM), has shown to be effective in the closure of the cleft defect, oro-nasal fistula and also reduction in the volume of the residual cleft defect seen with sequential cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiographs.
A stylistic analysis of Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones: a socio-pragmatic view
Authors: El-dali Hosni Mostafa
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is three fold; first, it attempts to show to what extent Fielding’s writings unfold the basic characteristics of the eighteenth century lines of thinking, foremost of which is the importance of context for the determination of meaning. Second, it attempts to show Fielding’s philosophy of human nature which, according to him, is a mixture of man’s selfishness, greediness, honesty and charity, all of which are characteristics of the ‘characters’ nature. Third, the present study sheds some light on Fielding’s technique in writing. The importance of introducing ironic techniques is to stimulate the reader’s mental imagination to understand opposite meanings and in consequence adopt a proper evaluation of the character’s behaviour. Fielding discusses through irony some important concepts such as chastity, reason and gentility, yet no direct clue is given to the readers to give a precise interpretation about them. It is also through irony that the interpretation of these concepts are hindered by perplexing assumptions as connotations of meaning make it difficult for the readers to give any judgment or adopt any evaluation. The study shows that Fielding’s technique in ‘Tom Jones’ is incorporated within a third omniscience narrative, which gives the narrator the chance to preside over his creation and commenting on certain attitudes and actions. It concludes that the mark of shame bestowed by earlier critics on Fielding as intrusive narrator is eliminated on the grounds that his presence within the text is directed for teaching purposes.
Artificial intelligence accelerates design of 2D layered materials
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: July 2021

A simulation driven by artificial intelligence demonstrates researchers can pick desired properties of materials by controlling layer composition and geometry, with wide-ranging opportunities for applications.
Thermodynamic driving force of transient negative capacitance of ferroelectric capacitors
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Sun Xiaoqing , Chai Junshuai , Xu Hao , Ma Xueli , Xiang Jinjuan , Han Kai , Wang Xiaolei , Wang Wenwu , Ye Tianchun
Published: July 2021

Negative capacitance (NC) field-effect transistors have great potential as next-generation low-power transistors due to their ability to overcome the Boltzmann limit. However, the fundamental physical mechanism of negative capacitance (NC) has not yet been clarified. This paper investigates the thermodynamic driving force of transient NC in the series circuit of a resistor and ferroelectric capacitor (R–FEC). We find that the widely applied Landau–Khalatnikov theory, which describes the minimization of Gibbs free energy, has the limitation to understand transient NC. The thermodynamic driving force of the transient NC is the minimization of the difference between the elastic Gibbs free energy and electric polarization work. Moreover, we find that the appearance of transient NC phenomenon is not due to the widely accepted viewpoint that the ferroelectric polarization goes through the negative curvature region of elastic Gibbs free energy landscape (Ga). Instead, after the energy barrier of Ga disappears, the transient NC phenomenon appears when the electric field across the ferroelectric material reaches local maximum. Furthermore, our results show that this process depends on both the intrinsic parameters of the ferroelectric material and the extrinsic factors in the R–FEC circuit.
Quadrature complement method for time-resolved signal frequency reconstruction
Authors: Anikin N. B.
Published: July 2021

The Doppler-signal processing method based on two integral convolutions with respect to approximate Doppler phase, φ(t), being a variable is introduced. While reducing the noise, these transforms produce the first Doppler harmonic, S1‖(t), and its quadrature complement, S1⊥(t). The complex harmonic, s1(t)=S1‖(t)+iS1⊥(t), makes it possible to find a new approximation of both Doppler signal frequency ωD(t) and phase φ(t), as well as the rms frequency error, χωD(t), used to regularize the solution. The iterative procedure to estimate frequency ωD(t), which converges in the mean to χωD(t)-vicinity of Doppler frequency, ΩD(t), is proposed. Kernels of transforms are defined on the phase interval [−πn; +πn] for n ≥ 2. Method resolution is Rrs = n/2 beats periods, and for n = 2, it equals the Doppler period, while the error is χωD(t)∼n−3/2. Example velocity profiles are reconstructed from two experimental Doppler signals.
Assessment of interstitial potentials for rapid prediction of absolute band energies in crystals
Authors: Harnett-Caulfield Liam , Walsh Aron
Published: July 2021

Electronic band alignment is a demanding process for first-principles simulations, but an important factor in materials selection for applications including electrocatalysis and photoelectrochemistry. Here, we revisit a bulk alignment procedure, originally developed by Frensley and Kroemer, using modern computational tools. The electrostatic potential in the interstitial region, obtained from density functional theory, with four exchange correlation functionals, is used to predict the valence band offsets of 27 zinc blende semiconductors. The results are found to be in qualitative agreement with Frensley and Kroemer’s original data. In addition to absolute electron energies, the possibility of extracting effective ionic charges is investigated and compared to Bader partial charges. With further developments, such a procedure may support rapid screening of the bulk ionization potential and electron affinity of crystals, as we illustrate with an extension to rock salt and perovskite structure types.