bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanoindentation of Phase and Structural Components of Pallasite Seymchan (PMG)
Authors: Brusnitsina Evgenia , Muftakhetdinova Razilia , Yakovlev Grigoriy , Grokhovsky Victor
Published: April 2019

Determination of mechanical properties in multiphase bodies of extraterrestrial originis a fundamental task. In this work the hardness and Young’s modulus in the Seymchanpallasite were determined in kamacite α-Fe (Ni, Co), taenite γ-Fe (Ni, Co), plessite (α+γ),tetrataenite FeNi using nanoindentation technique. For the first time, the hardness andmodulus of elasticity of a two-phase nanostructure of cloudy zone FeNi+α-Fe(Ni,Co),formed as a result of very slow cooling (about 1 K/Myr), was determined.
Relationship Between the Texture and Young’s modulus over the Section of Cold-rolled Rods of Low-modulus Biocompatible Alloy
Authors: S.V. Grib , O.M. Ivasishin , A.G. Illarionov , M.S. Karabanalov
Published: April 2019

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Effect of Direct Laser Deposition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Loginova I.S. , Khalil A.M. , Churyumov A.Yu. , Solonin A.N. , Popov N.A.
Published: April 2019

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Nanostructuring of Surface Layer of 1.3505 Steel By Wedge Cylindrical Tool
Authors: A.S. Skorobogatov , V.P. Kuznetcov , A.M. Belorusets
Published: April 2019

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Crystal Structure of Martensite and Orientation Relationships During Thermoelastic Martensitic Transformations in Ni-Mn-Based Alloys
Authors: Belosludtseva Elena S. , Pushin Artemy V. , Svirid Alexey E. , Pushin Vladimir G.
Published: April 2019

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Evaluation the Applicability of the New Torsion Testing Method to Study the Rheological Properties of Materials in a Cold State
Authors: Dmitry Pavlov , Mikhail Erpalov
Published: April 2019

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Investigation of Structure and Properties of High-strength Bimetallic Materials Produced By Explosion Welding and Have Been Exploited in Arctic Climate
Authors: Putilova E.A. , Zadvorkin S.M. , Gorkunov E.S. , Makarov A.V.
Published: April 2019

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SPS of ”Titanium Carbide/Carbohydride – Copper” Composites
Authors: Eryomina M.A. , Lomayeva S.F. , Demakov S.L. , Yurovskikh A.S.
Published: April 2019

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Structure and Properties of the Billet of PT-1M Alloy after Expanding
Authors: Uryadova A. L. , Vodolazskiy F. V. , Illarionova S. M. , Kosmatskiy Ya. I. , Gornostaeva E. A. , Barannikova N. A. , Illarionov A. G.
Published: April 2019

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Structure and Hardness Variations Through Section of Hot-Forged Pipe Billet from PT-1M Alloy
Authors: Vodolazskiy F. V. , Illarionova S. M. , Barannikova N. A. , Uryadova A. L. , Illarionov A. G.
Published: April 2019

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Luders Deformation Mechanisms on Yield Point in X80 Grade Pipeline with Ultrafine Structure
Authors: O.N. Polukhina , D.I. Vichuzhanin , V.A. Khotinov , G.V. Schapov , V.M. Farber
Published: April 2019

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Compliance of the tightened threaded connection
Authors: Buketkin B.V. , Zyablikov V.M. , Semenov-Ezhov I.E. , Shirshov A.A.
Published: April 2019

The performance of the threaded connection is largely determined by the amount of tightening force value. One of the criteria for the connection performance is the presence of a minimum guaranteed contact pressure on the surfaces (flanges) to be connected. An important characteristic used in the design of the connection is the axial load factor defined by the compliance of the bolt and flanges (package). As a result of the numerical analysis of the bolted flange package stress-strain state, the dependence of the threaded connection elements on their rigidity and the connection tightening force was established. It is shown that the use of a flat gasket made of soft materials between the flanges leads to a decrease in the maximum contact pressure, an increase in the size of the contact spot and a decrease in the axial load factor. The use of flat metal gaskets practically does not affect the size of the contact spot and the level of the contact pressure, but, nevertheless, leads to a decrease in the axial load factor
Pressure increase in a flat fracture filled with freezing liquid
Authors: Tovarnykh G.N.
Published: April 2019

The paper considers the problem of pressure variations in circular and rectangular flat fractures filled with liquid as the liquid crystallises, taking into account rigidity of the solid phase forming. We suppose that as a liquid crystallises, the volume it occupies inside the fracture changes due to the difference in density of the solid and liquid phases, and the fracture walls deform due to the pressure difference between the environment and the internal zone. Assuming that the solid and liquid phases are incompressible, we may equate the change in the internal fracture volume caused by the deformation of the surrounding walls to that in the volume of the liquid undergoing a state transition. We presume that crystallisation occurs at the top of the fracture, the temperature of the liquid is constant and equals its crystallisation temperature, and the phase boundary between the liquid and solid phases is flat. We consider the side walls and the bottom to be thermally insulated and perfectly rigid. We derived analytical expressions for determining the pressure
Effect of phosphorus fertilizer levels on growth and yield of haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris .L.) in South Ommo Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Zebire Degife Asefa , Gelgelo Samuel
Published: April 2019

Haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important cash crop and protein source for farmers in many parts of Ethiopia. However, its production is limited by phosphorus fertilizer. Therefore, field experiment was conducted at the Malle
woreda in Koybe kebele farmers training center during the main rain season of 2016 to investigate the responses of haricot bean to different levels of phosphorus fertilizer and its effect on growth, and bean yield. Four phosphorus rates (0, 23, 46,
and 69kg ha-1) were used as treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Red Wolaita haricot bean variety was used as planting material. Recommended rate of N (46 kg/ha) was applied to all treatments. The
effect of phosphorus was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased bean yield and growth parameters such as leaf area and number of branches per plant, whereas its effect was not significant on plant height. Based on result obtained, application of
46kg P ha-1 is recommended for better production of haricot bean at Malle woreda and similar areas which have the same soil property.
Mn İçeriğinin Mn50-xNi41+xSn9 (x = 0, 2, 4) Manyetik Şekil Hafızalı Alaşımlarının Termal ve Manyetik Özelliklerine Etkisi
Authors: Şaşmaz Merivan
Published: April 2019

Manyetik şekil hafızalı alaşımlarda (MŞHA) martensitik dönüşüm
sıcaklıkları ve manyetik özellikler, alaşımı oluşturan metallerin
kompozisyonuna güçlü bir şekilde bağlıdır. NiMn temelli MŞHA’ da yüksek Mn
içeriğinin martensitik dönüşüm sıcaklıkları ve manyetizasyon değerleri üzerine
etkisi önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Mn50-xNi41+xSn9  (x = 0, 2, 4) MŞHA’ da yüksek Mn içeriğinin
termal ve manyetik özelliklere etkisi rapor edildi. Alaşımlar indüksiyon
eritme/döküm metodu ile hazırlandı ve 72 saat 900 oC’ de argon
atmosferinde ısıl işleme maruz kaldı ve daha sonra suda ani soğutuldu.
Hazırlanan malzemelerin martensitik dönüşüm sıcaklıkları ve sıcaklığa bağlı
manyetizasyon ölçümleri diferansiyel taramalı kalorimetresi (DSC) ve titreşimli
örnek manyetometresi (VSM) ile yapıldı. Sonuç
olarak DSC ölçümleri ve termomanyetizasyon (M-T) eğrilerinden, Mn içeriğinin alaşımların
martensitik dönüşüm sıcaklıkları ve manyetizasyon değerlerini değiştirdiği tespit
edildi. Mn miktarı artışına bağlı olarak martensitik dönüşüm sıcaklıklarında
azalma ve bu sıcaklıklardaki manyetizasyon değerlerinde ani atlayışlar görüldü.
Ayrıca manyetizasyon değerlerinde de Mn miktarı düştükçe azalma gözlendi.
KUZEY KIBRIS TÜRK CUMHURİYETİ MEDYASINDA ETİK SORUNSALI: KÜRTAJ DAVASI HABERLERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Asit Gülay
Published: April 2019

Günümüzde medya organları bir yandan etik kodlar doğrultusunda hareket etmek bir yandan da her işletmenin birincil amacı olan kar elde edebilmek arasında sıkışıp kalmışlardır. Denetleme ve kontrol mekanizmasının olmadığı durumlarda etik kodlardan uzaklaşma bu ikilemde sık karşılaşılan bir durumdur. Hele ki toplumda infial yaratan suçla ilgili haberlerde böyle durumlarla daha çok karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada medyada yer alan haberlerin mesleki etik kodlara ne ölçüde uyduğu ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmış, bu bağlamda KKTC medyasının etiği sorgulanmıştır. Araştırmada öncelikle KKTC medyasına yönelik etik uygulamalar irdelenmiştir. Daha sonra ülke genelinde büyük yankı uyandıran “kürtaj davası” haberleri bu uygulamalarla ilişkilendirilerek analiz edilmiştir. Kürtaj davası, Girne’de bir klinikte yasal süresinin çok üstünde olan gebeliklerin sonlandırılmasıyla ilgili olup, kamuoyunda büyük tepki toplamış bir davadır. Çalışmanın örneklemi 26 Şubat-1 Mart 2016 tarihinde internette yayınlanan e-gazetelerde çıkan konuyla ilgili haberlerdir. Çalışmada nitel araştırmaya yöntemlerinden betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre ilgili haberler verilirken meslek etiği göz ardı edilmiştir. KKTC’de medya etiğini sağlamaya yönelik oluşturulan Medya Etik Kurulunun yayınladığı “Gazetecilik Meslek İlkeleri”nin aksine bir tutum izlendiği, haber ve yorumun birbirine karıştığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
GÖLGE OYUNU FİLMİNDE GELENEKSEL TÜRK SEYİR SANATLARI’NIN YANSIMALARI
Authors: DÖNMEZ Ahmet , BECERİKLİ Rifat
Published: April 2019

Sanat ve kültür birbiriyle iç içe geçmiş olgulardır. Kültürün yansımasını sanatta, sanatın özelliklerini de kültürde bulmak mümkündür. Ayrıca sanat birbirine yakın ya da uzak birçok topluluğu da etkilemektedir. Bu açıdan Asya kökenli geleneksel bir sanat dalı olan “gölge oyunu”, birçok farklı toplumda görülebilmektedir. Biçimsel benzerlikleri yönünden sinemayla da ilişkilendirilen gölge oyunu, Türk toplumunda “Karagöz Oyunu” olarak bilinmektedir. Ayrıca Karagöz, tasavvuf düşüncesini de içinde barındırması yönünden önemli bir gösteri sanatıdır. Türk kültürünün önemli halk tiyatrosu örneklerinden biri olan Ortaoyunu, Karagöz Oyunuyla benzer biçimsel özellikler içermektedir.Geleneksel Türk Sanatları, çeşitli dönemlerde Türk Sineması’nı da etkilemiştir. Başta Halit Refiğ, Atıf Yılmaz, Metin Erksan, Derviş Zaim, Yavuz Turgul gibi bazı yönetmenler, Türk Sineması’na biçim ve içerik yönünden kaynaklık etmesi bakımından Geleneksel Türk Sanatları’nın önemine vurgu yapmıştır. Bu yönetmenlerden biri olan Yavuz Turgul, Türk Sineması’nın, Batı kaynaklı olmasını eleştirerek, Doğunun kültürünü ve öz değerlerini eserlerinde kullanmaya çalışmıştır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, Yavuz Turgul’un Gölge Oyunu (1992) filmi Türk Geleneksel Seyir Sanatları ve tasavvuf açısından incelenmiştir. İncelemede niteliksel film çözümlemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Yavuz Turgul’un Gölge Oyunu filminde Geleneksel Türk Seyir Sanatları’ndan olan Karagöz Oyunu, Ortaoyunu ve tasavvuf düşüncesinden yararlandığı görülmüştür. Yönetmenin Gölge Oyunu filminde, Geleneksel Türk Sanatları temelinde, biçimsel bir üslup denemesiyle Türk Sineması’na katkı yaptığı düşünülmektedir.
TÜRKİYE’DE RADYO ALANINDA YAZILAN LİSANSÜSTÜ TEZLERE YÖNELİK BİR İÇERİK ANALİZİ
Authors: TUFAN Fırat
Published: April 2019

Yazılı
basından sonra ortaya çıkan, geniş kitlelere ulaşma kabiliyeti yüksek ilk
elektromanyetik kitle iletişim aracı olma özelliğini taşıyan radyo, çok uzun yıllar
toplumlar üzerindeki etkisini sürdürdü. Ancak, televizyonun ortaya çıkışı ve
etki alanının genişlemesiyle birlikte radyoya olan toplumsal ilgi azaldı. Türkiye’de
iletişim alanında yazılan ilk lisansüstü tezlerin ortaya çıkışının 1980’lerin
ilk yıllarına denk gelmesi, aynı zamanda radyonun popülaritesini çoktan televizyona
bıraktığı dönemlerdir. Bu nedenledir ki, Türkiye’de akademik çevrelerde radyo
yayıncılığı ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar, diğer iletişim alanlarının gerisinde
kalmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, gelişen teknolojik olanaklarla tüm dünyada
yeniden popüler hale gelen radyo yayıncılığının önemini bir kez daha
vurgulayarak, Türkiye’deki akademik çevrelerde bir iletişim disiplini olarak
radyonun ne oranda sahiplenildiğini, yazılan lisansüstü tezlerin incelemesi
üzerinden ortaya koymaktır. YÖK Tez Merkezi üzerinden ulaşılan radyo ile ilgili
yazılan tüm lisansüstü tezler; türleri, bağlı oldukları disiplin,
yayınlandıkları yıllar, üniversiteler, konuları ve yöntemleri bakımından içerik
analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Aynı zamanda, Türkiye’de radyo alanının kapsayıcı
anabilim dalları olan Radyo Televizyon ya da Radyo Televizyon Sinema bünyesinde,
televizyon ve sinema alanlarında yazılan tezler ile radyo alanında yazılan
tezler arasındaki sayısal fark karşılaştırmalı olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bununla
birlikte, Türkiye’de radyo alanında yazılan lisansüstü tezleri konuları
bakımından uluslararası örnekleriyle karşılaştırabilmek amacıyla, Proquest veri
tabanı üzerinden 2010-2017 yılları arasında dünyada İngilizce dilinde radyo ile
ilgili yazılan 105 lisansüstü tez incelenmiş ve en çok çalışılan alt konular
tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, Türkiye’de radyo yayıncılığı ile
ilgili konuların, bir iletişim disiplini olarak yeterince ele alınmadığı,
özellikle akademik uzmanlığın ileri seviyesi olan doktora aşamasında
araştırmacılar tarafından çok az önemsendiği görülmüştür. Çalışılan alt konular
bakımından da dünyadaki çalışmalardan ayrı bir tavır benimsendiği tespit
edilmiştir.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN GÖZETİME, GÜVENLİK VE MAHREMİYET BAĞLAMINDA YAKLAŞIMI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Alkan Feryat , Özcan Ali
Published: April 2019

Gözetim, tarih boyunca neredeyse tüm toplumlarda denetimi sağlayan bir işlev görmüştür. Gözetim, insanlık tarihi kadar eskidir ve bu doğrultuda toplumun geçirdiği değişimler ve dönüşümlere ayak uydurmuştur. Gözetim araçlarının yenileşmesiyle birlikte yaygınlık kazanmış olan gözetim, güvenlik ve mahremiyet sorununu da beraberinde getirmiştir. Gözetimin güvenlik ve mahremiyet sorunu, yalnızca yeni teknolojik araçlara özgü olmamakla birlikte, son yıllarda bilişim teknolojilerinin yaygınlık kazanmasıyla bütün toplumsal faaliyetlere etki etmektedir. Bu çalışmada gözetim teknolojileriyle birlikte güvenlik sağlanıyor mu? Yapılan bu gözetim mahremiyet ihlaline sebebiyet veriyor mu? Böylelikle 3 bölümden ve 44 soru ekseninde gözetim farkındalığı ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Atatürk Üniversitesi, Bayburt Üniversitesi, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi ve Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi’nden toplam 407 kişiye uygulanmış, tutarsız ya da hatalı kodlamalardan dolayı 21 anket analize dâhil edilmemiş ve 386 anket üzerinden analizler yapılmıştır. Öğrencilerin gözetim farkındalığı, gözetime güvenlik ve mahremiyet bağlamında yaklaşımları anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmaya göre öğrencilerin çoğunluğu yapılan gözetimin farkında değildir. İnsanların güvenlik söz konusu olduğunda mahremiyetten ödün verebileceklerini ve güvenlik kaygısıyla gözetime maruz kalmayı kabul ettikleri görülmektedir. Böylece güvenliğin mahremiyetten önce geldiği söylenebilmektedir.
NA PONTA DOS PÉS: PISANDO EM OVOS OU QUEBRANDO OVOS?
Authors: Thofehrn Lessa Helena , Dos Santos Moreira Janaina Bruna
Published: April 2019

Resumo: A partir da reflexão sobre uma pesquisa em artes inspirada no feminismo, o texto propõe relações entre a representação das sapatilhas de ponta no balé clássico e seu uso pelas mulheres, resgatando aspectos históricos do balé romântico que contribuíram para que a figura etérea, delicada e leve da bailarina clássica passasse a atravessar o imaginário coletivo. Os processos criativos em dança contemporânea são discutidos como ações políticas para gerar outros modos de relação com as sapatilhas de ponta para quem dança e quem assiste, problematizando as noções sobre o feminino e a mulher propostas aqui como plurais.Palavras-chave: Balé; mulheres; feminismo.
MOMENTOS-CHARNEIRAS E MEMÓRIAS MUSICAIS: ENCONTROS E CONEXÕES NAS NARRATIVAS DE ACADÊMICOS EM DANÇA
Authors: Teixeira Ziliane Lima de Oliveira , Louro-Hettwer Ana Lúcia de Marques e
Published: April 2019

Neste artigo é relatada uma pesquisa realizada na disciplina Música para os cursos de bacharelado e licenciatura em Dança de uma universidade do Sul do Brasil. A ementa proposta para a disciplina é ampliada de estudos de ritmo e compassos para incluir também narrativas (auto)biográficas dos alunos. São feitas aproximações com Josso (1988, 2004) ao convidar os alunos a falarem e escreverem sobre momentos importantes que envolveram música em suas vidas, bem como da perspectiva da Espiritualidade e Artes.  São analisados cinco trechos das narrativas por escrito. Relatos dos alunos colocam que esta atividade de narrar uma memória musical despertou tantos sentimentos, proporcionando conhecer uns aos outros e reconhecerem a si mesmo.
Optimization of the Subject Users Service in Mobile Internet Environment on the Library WeChat Public Service Platform
Authors: Zhang Lin
Published: April 2019

The article thoroughly analyzes the use of WeChat public service platform in libraries and puts forward strategic ways for the development of users service by optimizing the orientation on individualized, open and interactive, specialized and integrated users service on definite subjects (SUS), and analyzes its opti­mization strategies connected with relationship, vitality and the quality. According to the analysis results, the author concludes that the optimization of SUS in mobile Internet environment should be based on the optimized service model of mobile service terminal platform, so as to realize the deepening of the function of SUS and the diversification of service forms.
Data Quality Management from Laboratory Aspects
Authors: Yonebayashi Hideharu , Miyagawa Yoshihiro , Matsui Ryoichi , Sunaba Toshiyuki
Published: April 2019

As a part of data quality management in our laboratory, experimental apparatus designs and work places were modified and improved to protect expensive experimental apparatus from natural disasters such as earthquake, lightning damage and voltage surge due to a local heavy rain. Those are commonly caused in our laboratory location: Tokyo, Japan. The disaster resistant designs can keep data quality and avoid repairing costs. E&P experiments are costly carried out using valuable samples such as reservoir fluids and cores. Furthermore, an experiment consists of many stages and its total workload including a preparatory work is huge. Therefore, experimental data should be surely obtained with keeping sufficient high quality and avoiding accidental damage of expensive apparatus due to local disasters. A lesson learned from our long-term successful case are useful for laboratory apparatus design and operation.

In an earthquake-resistant design, large or heavy apparatus were placed with many types of fixing components such as rigid frame connected with fixed wall, outrigger and wheel stopper. To date, no experimental apparatus damage and data deterioration during measurements were reported more than 20 years in our laboratory.

Accidental voltage surge often causes near our laboratory area when sudden downpours and/or lightning hit. In our laboratory-locating area, it is most frequently prone to occur such disasters in Japan; for example, +1000 lightening and +200 sudden downpours annually. The former is concentrated to August and the latter disaster occurs in summer (July to September). Based on past performance and mid-term forecasts of those disaster, experimental schedule is often adjusted so that a crucial experimental stage will be carried out except such frequent disaster duration. Particularly, an operational counter measure is important for apparatus that have risks to fail when accidental voltage surge occurs. To avoid it, more careful attention should be paid to experimental schedule by taking long-term weather information into account. Consequently, our prevenient measures successfully achieved no crucial damage of experimental apparatus and schedule delaying due to lightning surges except one minor accident during recent decade.

Furthermore, a highly-sensitive measurement such as electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) requires careful damping control for traffic vibration to maintain accuracy. In a damping design, the EPMA is placed in independent location from the construction floor on the building's foundation. This provides sufficient data quality since the installation.
Responding to Oil Spill of Inland River Water Crossing Pipeline: Successfully Handles Oil Spill
Authors: Luan Guohua , Chu Shengli , Li Xin , Wang Lei
Published: April 2019

Since 2005, more than 250 oil spill accidents have occurred in coastal areas and rivers in China, and the risk of oil spill accidents is higher. When oil spill is occurring, it will harm the river water and even normal life of nearby residents. As such, the challenges faced in responding to oil spill of inland river water crossing pipeline merit wider discussion. The Yellow River is a very important river in China and is a high risk area for oil spill due to the leakage of crude oil in across pipeline. Based on the hydrodynamic model, 12 kinds of oil spill scenarios are simulated by MIKE21 OilSpill module, and the influence of wind, water and leakage position on the oil spill drift and diffusion pattern is analyzed. According to the simulation results and the river’s own characteristics, nine Key Sections of Emergency Disposal (KSED) in high-risk waters are obtained, and effective emergency response time of different critical sections which are given to provide technical support for oil spill emergency preparedness work. Results show that the influence of different water phases and leakage location on spill velocity is relatively large. The diffusion velocity of oil spill in flood season is much higher than that in dry season. When leakage point is in the middle position, oil spill velocity is the fastest, followed by the south bank and the North bank. The influence of wind period on the diffusion rate of oil spill is relatively weak, which has a certain effect on the shape of oil spill contaminated zone. When strong wind, flood season and middle position leakage occur, oil spill diffuses fastest with water flow drift, and oil spill emergency disposal is most difficult. According to the need of oil spill emergency preparedness, the easily accessible sluice and bridge structures are selected as the KSED treatment in the length of the river reach studied. The time to reach the KSED of the spillway front is calculated by simulation. Because of the accuracy of the simulation results of this model on key sections of emergency disposal and effective emergency disposal time, Lanzhou Petrochemical Company successfully handled a large-scale oil spill practice. These successful oil spill simulation technology and practice cases about responding to oil spill prove its feasibility. The accuracy of KSED and effective emergency disposal time will be able to provide a new promising responding method to control oil spill pollution.
Toward Smooth Transition of Block Operatorship in Dealing with Environmental Issues
Authors: Cahyono Bakhtiar Nofti
Published: April 2019

Oil & gas block operatorship may change as the block's agreement contract changes. The changing executions expected to have smooth transition between current operator to the upcoming operator since it may interfere performance of safety, environment, health, efficiency, reliability, production, and workforce. Focusing in environmental issues, there are some steps that called ‘SAFE’, i.e. consist of Scoping, Assessment, Follow up action, and Ensure. ‘SAFE’ is risk-based liabilities approach that involve both operators (current & the upcoming) and may assisted by Government agency. Scoping is to define petroleum agreement requirement, the areas/locations, production facilities status, environmental related facilities, supporting facilities, environmental audit result, environmental performance, permitting & reporting requirements, allegation of contamination records, and enforcement documents. Scoping conducted by desktop documents review and field visit if necessary. Result of the scoping is more precise high-level list of concern items to focus on for further Assessment. On Assessment step, all identified concern items assessed further with methods, liability, Role & Responsibility, and budget to have more reliable and accurate of risk calculation (risk revalidation). Methods describe how to conduct the assessment such as workshop, coordination meeting, site visit, aerial photography analysis etc. Liability of selected item to understand whether closure of past and present liabilities have been performed and also mitigation for identified potential future liabilities have been secured to avoid future potential conflict of liability between operators. Liability cover of compliance, remediation, fines & penalties, compensation, punitive damages, and natural resource damages. Role & responsibility to define who does what and how on when and who is responsible for the closure actions. Budget to quantify the environmental risk. All the items under the Assessment step considered to perform risk revalidation. Result of the assessment (recommendation) then follow up by actions to mitigate the potential risk. It may need physical activities such as facilities decommissioning and clean up, further environmental study, government bureaucracy approval, agreement of environmental procedure sharing etc. Follow up action require regular tracking progress status in serial times. At the last step, ensure all identified high and medium risk mitigated as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) remaining risk. Finally, conducting ‘SAFE’ thoroughly for all identified risks, both operators may have clear role & responsibility, focus utilizing the resources, compete with the deadline time, avoid dispute liabilities post the transition date, and ensure continuity of environmental compliance.
The Optimal TeleHealth Solution for Remote Sites
Authors: Teo David , Kumarasamy Devan
Published: April 2019

The technological advance in Telemedicine; we see a flood of Telecommunication equipment into the market; utilizing less bandwidth and jump in data transfer speed; and miniaturizing of POC (Point of Care) Diagnostic and Treatment Equipment.

Each day, more Telemedicine equipment is entering the market and companies are enticed by the "latest and savvy’ Telemedicine equipment with heavenly promises.

Companies that think that they require Telemedicine would then grab these new technologies when they enter the market without a systematic review of what is their requirement and what fits their requirement. Once the purchase order has been done and equipment delivered to the site; issues like registration of the equipment with the Country Ministry of Health and in some cases endorsement of international standards; e.g. FDA or OSHA compliance, inter-operability with other equipment and data security may be raised with no answers.

Latest expensive technology may be great but it may not fit the requirement and the operating scenario of the user.

This paper looks into a simple way of stratification of Telemedicine for remote health and also the factors that need to be considered before adopting of any new Telemedicine equipment.
Insights into Eco-Friendly and Conventional Drilling Additives: Applications, Cost Analysis, Health, Safety, and Environmental Considerations
Authors: Al-Hameedi Abo Taleb , Alkinani Husam H. , Dunn-Norman Shari , Albazzaz Hussien W. , Alkhamis Mohammed M.
Published: April 2019

Drilling fluid additives play an important role in drilling engineering. Drilling fluids assist in transporting the cuttings to the surface, control formation pressure, and cool the bit. The most common fluid additives that are used in drilling fluids are the chemical additives such as barite, bentonite, caustic soda and many more. Each chemical additive has its own set of applications. Chemical additives are used for rheological properties, filtration controls, and many more. These traditional chemical additives give promising results, but they have some side effects that are commonly ignored. These side effects include cost, health, safety, and environmental concerns.

This paper presents a new alternative for drilling fluid additives which are the food waste products that are discarded by people. The main objective is to be able to use food waste products as drilling fluid additives to improve the mud rheological properties and avoid any environmental issues that are commonly caused by conventional chemical additives. The food waste products are available everywhere and are easily accessible making them a good candidate for further investigation. The cost of food waste products is less compared to the cost of chemical additives and food waste products are friendlier to the environment. The average total cost of drilling operations is expensive, and part of that expense includes the cost of drilling fluids, which is also generally high. By using food waste products, the total cost for drilling operations reduces, providing a better economic solution. Food waste products account for about 8.2% of greenhouse gas emissions and they can be utilized for better uses such as drilling fluid additives. It is also generally safer to handle food waste in comparison with chemical additives as some chemical additives have hazards that require proper equipment in order to be handled.

Food waste products have the potential to compete with traditional chemical additives and they might be a good alternative. Several investigations have been carried out by people using food waste products. From the previous work and experiments carried out by people, it has shown that food waste products generally improve the mud rheological properties and fluid loss control. From the previous work, there are several shortcomings that can be avoided suggesting more evaluations. Further investigation and experiments should be carried out to gain more information and results of food waste products as a drilling fluid additive in order to be used for future drilling projects.
Redefining Confined Space Safety: A Case Study
Authors: Dowd Darrell , Daher Elie
Published: April 2019

Confined Space work is one of the most challenging aspects of a maintenance project. Accidents can occur if potential hazards such as fire, elevated temperatures, gas, fumes, vapor, lack of oxygen or limitations to movement are not properly managed. This considerable level of danger calls for extra safety measures that consist of a safety watch who monitors the entry and maintains communication with the workers inside. However, the duties of the attendant are restricted to the outside of the vessel. So how does safety extend to the activities inside the confined space?

A solution was designed that combines gas detection, video surveillance, two-way communication, access control and a command center to improve safety while improving productivity and reducing costs. If an injury occurs inside the vessel, under existing processes, the Safety Attendant is alerted by another worker or via a lack of communication with the injured worker. The attendant then radios for a rescue team. With this innovation, owners no longer require a safety attendant and the safety operators monitoring the command center can see the issue and communicate directly with the injured worker. First responders or rescue team are alerted directly.

Through the combination of real-time gas detection, cameras with day/night vision installed outside and inside vessels, video recording and two-way communication, the innovation delivers and stores data useful in alerting workers of hazardous environments, providing video evidence of safe behaviors, enables operators to see work inside the vessels real time, and stores valuable video and overlaid gas data logs to protect against future liabilities. The system can be utilized in trainings or investigations, enables personnel in the vessel to communicate with personnel offsite through the command center, allows for remote correction of safety practices, controls access to the confined space or facilitates faster response to emergencies. The innovation saves significant costs to owners through the elimination of safety watch and the resulting costs and liabilities of these personnel on site. Further cost savings will be achieved through smoother operation of the permit process, improved communication with workers in confined spaces, and enhancements to productivity.

A product of collaboration between technology and safety expertise, the innovation revolutionizes the role of the safety watch, enhances safety and productivity, and reduces costs for the owner. The paper will discuss examples and provide data on the potential savings resulting from the implementation of the technology. This paper will also discuss further enhancements include body cameras, monitoring of employee wellbeing and facility access control. This is the path to the technical turnaround of the future.
Online Fixed Tank Volatile Organic Content Calculation and Reporting
Authors: Zainal Abidin Shahrul Azman , Khairi Azlina , Abdul Karim Lukman , Khairil Hing Azleen Azna
Published: April 2019

Tank emission calculation is normally performed offline and manual data gathering from various tanks could be a timely and inefficient task. This paper presents iCON first principal process simulation software, used to perform tank emission calculations by leveraging on its existing extensive database of all process simulation models and chemical components physical property. Hence, a lot of operation cost is saved by eliminating the need for inventory sampling activity for each tank. This paper also will discuss online tank emission work processes to make it sustainable. iCON Tank Emission complies to United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Fifth Edition Chapter 7 Liquid Storage Tanks that covers fixed roof tanks (vertical and horizontal) and floating roof tanks (internal, external and domed) with respective combination of roof, shell, rim seal, fittings and breather vent settings. It is also linked to monthly Malaysian Climate Condition that covers domestic municipals temperature (minimum and maximum), Solar Irradiance Factor and wind speed that improves the tank emission calculation accuracy. iCON Tank Emission lets users calculate thousands of tank emission simultaneously by using iCON communication (COM) interface feature and displays the results in monthly and yearly summary for report standardization among multiple business units. The average simulation convergence time is 100 tanks simultaneous calculation per minute making it time efficient for HSE engineers to perform strict monthly calculation and reporting. Case studies and what if scenarios could also be run in effort to reduce tank emission via introduction of vapor recovery and optimizing tank mechanical parameters i.e. type of rim seal, color and fittings selection. iCON Online Tank Emission is working through linking iCON model with real time plant information data for real time tank emission calculation which is transparent to management and regulators. The findings from this compositional first principles thermodynamic base tank emission simulation study are considered more efficient, faster and cheaper than conventional method.
Web-Based Environmental Impact Assessment EIA Application for Big Data Management
Authors: Jeerapornchai Ortip , Chonchirdsin Surasak , Pornsakulsakdi Lawan
Published: April 2019

Management of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study and information for long period and complicated operation is one of challenge in brown field operation, an application to establish an efficient and effective tool for communication and monitoring can assist involved parties in the process to acquire the consistence data for appropriated management. The scope of application comprised of the e-database of huge numbers EIA reports, tracking & monitoring system, available EIA laws, regulations, knowledge management and EIA information checklists for that data management.

Regulation of Thailand on EIA report and study as well as users’ requirements are gathered for term of reference and basic criteria on web-based structuring design. That design framework was prepared by IT and Digital team and presented to users for feedback, recommendation and integrating for further development. Once the application is completed and finalized, the rollout is deployed to all action parties to be aware of the function-abilities and further actions required.

The function ability of EIA Data Base is composed of 1) e-Database: the data migration of reports is systematically kept in SharePoint with searching tool function. 2) Tracking System: the key information which potentially deviate will be extracted and input in the application. 3) Service Request with EIA Information Required Checklist. This application is a single channel or platform of all EIA matters for data consistency with tracking system to notify appropriated action. In addition, storage of e-EIA database in this application can prevent the loss of document and reduce environment impact by the paperless system of digital information.
High Rise Building Evacuation: Saving Lives vs. Business Continuity
Authors: Mohamed Noh Kairul Zaman , Shamsi Saira Hanim , Foo Siang Choon
Published: April 2019

The complexity of high rise buildings poses challenges in the event of evacuation. The multiple floors of staircases, longer egress times and large number of tenants determine the success of a complete evacuation. Most high rise buildings are well equipped with state-of-the-art safety systems. Nevertheless, untoward disasters can still occur, ranging from fires to terrorist attacks. The readiness of tenants is an area of importance as this can delay the overall course of evacuation. Identifying the causes of common delay of tenants is elemental to continuously improve evacuation rate in the event of emergencies. In view of the increased number of terrorist attacks globally in recent years, high rise building is consistently on alert as it is usually a prime target. Therefore, carrying out evacuation drill is indeed paramount to emergency preparedness. Series of full scale and functional evacuation drills are conducted at the highest twin towers in the world, PETRONAS Twin Towers (PeTT) and Tower 3. Furthermore, PeTT include various type of businesses and tenants e.g. offices, shopping mall, large underground parking bay, as well as recreational and leisure facilities. A study to look into the tenants’ behaviours was carried out in concurrence with the evacuation drill. The purpose of the study is to identify the common behaviours that contributed to the delay of the overall evacuation time. Information pertaining to the common behaviours were gathered through observation and post-mortem findings. The information obtained from this study is necessary for PeTT to continuously improve its emergency response preparedness. The series of drills are also carried out to test the Business Interruption and Continuity preparedness, e.g. activation and mobilisation of Business Continuity Teams (BCT), activation of Alternate Work Site (AWS), readiness of ICT, as well as the response time in order to reactivate the critical business functions. This paper will focus on the study conducted based on the emergency evacuation exercise carried out on 10th July 2017, mainly on the behaviours of the tenants.
Environmental Mainstreaming for Self-Regulation EMSR
Authors: Ungku Mohamed Tahir Ungku Haslina , Ab Shatar Mohd Azhar , Wan Aziz Wan Azlina
Published: April 2019

This paper provides an overview of PETRONAS experience in implementing Environmental Mainstreaming for Self-Regulation (EMSR) since 2016. The commitment to mainstream environment is amplified through self-regulation approach with focus on key environmental management areas such as air emissions, water and hazardous waste management. As per the Department of Environment (DOE) Environmental Mainstreaming Directive, seven (7) EMSR critical elements were applied and mapped against existing PETRONAS HSE Management System (HSE MS) with intent to facilitate implementation effectiveness.

One of the key success factors achieved was the completion of specific/customised requirements to support each of the seven (7) critical elements; carried out in collaboration with DOE. The collaboration resulted in a consistent understanding between PETRONAS and DOE (as the Authority) on the elements’ interpretation for implementation. As a result, EMSR performance to-date is at satisfactory level with continuous improvements identified to sustain compliance with local regulatory requirements. This imparts PETRONAS’ commitment in upholding reputation as a responsible company in maintaining regulatory compliance on business operations, striving for operational excellence and supporting license to grow.
Subsurface Sludge Sequestration in Cyclic Steam Stimulated Heavy Oil Reservoir in Liaohe Oilfield
Authors: Zhong Liguo , Liu Jianbin , Yuan Xiaonan , Wang Cheng , Teng Liyong , Zhang Shoujun , Wu Fei , Shen Wenmin , Jiang Cheng
Published: April 2019

There are a lot of sludge generated in oil production and storage processes, usually complicated chemical processes are involved to treat the sludge effectively, and high cost and environmental pollution are always extremely heavy burden for Liaohe Oilfield. Therefore, the feasibility and performance of sludge injection into steam stimulated wells, and sludge sequestration and associated heavy oil recovery improvement are investigated based on results of lab research and field operation.

At first, the composition and rheology of the sludge samples from Liaohe Oilfield are measured and analyzed in detail. Secondly, the injection, sequestration and block performance are investigated by sand pack experiments, particularly the aggregation and blocked sand are analysed by scanning electron microscope, and improvement of heavy oil recovery by sludge injection. Thirdly, the principles of sludge sequestration and associated heavy oil recovery improvement are discussed. At last, field application of sludge in Liaohe Oilfield is presented.

As we know, the sludge are produced from the reservoir, it is comprised of mud, fine sand, some oil phase components and water. Aggregation of the sludge components except water is potential to block porous media such as produced formation, at the same time, the sludge are buried in its origin, the reservoir. The sludge is injected to produced reservoir through enlarged pore at high injection pressure, and aggregated mud, fine sand and oil from sludge could consolidate formation sand and block pores effectively after injection process (permeability decease of sludge blocked sand tube is more than 90%). As a result, the sludge is stored in steamed formation, and separated water could be filtered and produced. At the same time, steam conformance could be improved by stored sludge, accordingly heavy oil production is increased. Average oil production increase of 45 wells in Liaohe Oilfield is more than 20%.

Substantial sludge are treated by such subsurface sludge sequestration in steamed heavy oil reservoir, and sludge sequestration in other reservoirs are evaluating as well.
Leveraging Big Data for Social Responsibility
Authors: Peterson Cynthia Ann
Published: April 2019

Big data has the potential to revolutionize the way social risks are managed by providing enhanced insight to enable more informed actions to be taken. The objective of this paper is to share the approach taken by PETRONAS to leverage big data to enhance its social performance practice, specifically in social risk assessments and grievance mechanism.

The paper will deliberate on the benefits, challenges and opportunities to improve the management of social risk through analytics, and how PETRONAS has taken those factors into consideration in the enhancement of its social risk assessment and grievance mechanism tools. Key considerations such as disaggregation of data, the appropriate leading and lagging indicators and having a human rights lens to data will also be discussed.

Leveraging on big data is still in its early stages in the social risk space, similar with other areas in the oil and gas industry according to research by Wood Mackenzie. Even so, there are several concerns which include; the aggregation of data may result in risks to minority or vulnerable groups not getting surfaced; privacy breaches which violate human rights and potential discrimination due to prescriptive analysis, such as on a community's propensity to pose certain social risks to projects or operations. Certainly, there are many challenges ahead which need to be considered, including how best to take a human rights approach to using big data.

Nevertheless, harnessing the power of big data will help social risk practitioners turn a high volume of disparate pieces of raw data from grievance mechanisms and social risk assessments into information that can be used to avoid or mitigate risks now and in the future through predictive technology. Consumer and other industries are benefiting from this leverage now, and social performance practitioners in the oil and gas industry can emulate these proven models.
Psychological Features of Adaptation of Oil and Gas Workers in the Arctic and in the South of Russia
Authors: Korneeva Yana , Simonova Natalia
Published: April 2019

The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of the research project No. 18-013-00623. Adaptation of a person to the extreme conditions of the Arctic is a complex process of the formation of the homeostasis of the organism, which is improved from generation to generation. Adaptation is a complex systemic process of establishing the mutual correspondence of a person with the environment, which is carried out due to a certain activity of an individual and its mobilization. In addition to various climatic factors, a group isolation factor is similar for workers in the south and north of the Russian Federation during shift work organization. In this connection, an important role in the effectiveness of personnel in these conditions is the presence of successful sociopsychological adaptation. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of the sociopsychological adaptability of oil and gas workers in shift labor organization in the north and south of the Russian Federation. To achieve this goal and objectives, a study was conducted in which 82 employees took part using the shift organization of labor in the south of the Russian Federation. The study was conducted from June-July 2018 (the duration of shift shifts is 14 days, the rest period is 14 days). A study was also conducted on the oil and gas production with the shift organization of labor in the territory of the Nenets Autonomous District of Russia. The study involved 70 workers aged from 24 to 60 years old. Research methods: the study of documentation, observation, questioning and psychological testing, statistical methods of data analysis. Workers in shift forms of labor in the south of the Russian Federation have a higher level of expression of all the parameters of socio-psychological adaptation: adaptation, acceptance of oneself, acceptance of others, emotional comfort, internality and domination.