bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Heterogeneous Structural Color Stripes from Capillaries
Authors: Zhao Ze , Wang Huan , Shang Luoran , Yu Yunru , Fu Fanfan , Zhao Yuanjin , Gu Zhongze
Published: October 2017

As an important characteristic of many creatures, structural colors play a crucial role in the survival of organisms. Inspired by these features, an intelligent structural color material with a heterogeneous striped pattern and stimuli‐responsivity by fast self‐assembly of colloidal nanoparticles in capillaries with a certain diameter range are presented here. The width, spacing, color, and even combination of the structural color stripe patterns can be precisely tailored by adjusting the self‐assembly parameters. Attractively, with the integration of a near‐infrared (NIR) light responsive graphene hydrogel into the structural color stripe pattern, the materials are endowed with light‐controlled reversible bending behavior with self‐reporting color indication. It is demonstrated that the striped structural color materials can be used as NIR‐light‐triggered dynamic barcode labels for the anti‐counterfeiting of different products. These features of the bioinspired structural color stripe pattern materials indicate their potential values for mimicking structural color organisms, which will find important applications in constructing intelligent sensors, anti‐counterfeiting devices, and so on.
Iridium(III)‐Catalyzed Selective and Mild C‐H Amidation of Cyclic N‐Sulfonyl Ketimines with Organic Azides
Authors: Maraswami Manikantha , Chen Gang , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: October 2017

A general protocol for iridium catalyzed direct C−H amidation of cyclic N‐sulfonyl ketimines using sulfonyl, acyl and aryl azides as nitrogen source is reported herein. The reaction takes place at room temperature with acyl and aryl azides, while an elevated temperature needed with sulfonyl azides to furnish aminated sultams in excellent yields with complete chemo and regioselectivity, thus providing a robust and environmentally benign process to the synthesis of aminosultams.

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Directed C–H Alkenylation of Aryl Imines with Alkenyl Phosphates Promoted by a Cobalt–N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst
Authors: Lee Pin‐Sheng , Xu Wengang , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: October 2017

We report herein an ortho‐C–H alkenylation reaction of aryl imines with alkenyl phosphates promoted by a cobalt–N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalytic system. While commercially available bulky NHC ligands exhibited only modest catalytic activity, elaboration of the nitrogen substituents and backbone of the NHC enabled the desired transformation to proceed in high yield at a mild temperature. The new Co–NHC system proved applicable to a variety of aryl imines and alkenyl phosphates to afford ortho‐alkenylated aryl imines, which serve as precursors to benzofulvene derivatives.

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Side‐Group‐Mediated Mechanical Conductance Switching in Molecular Junctions
Authors: Ismael Ali Khalid , Wang Kun , Vezzoli Andrea , Al‐Khaykanee Mohsin K. , Gallagher Harry E. , Grace Iain M. , Lambert Colin J. , Xu Bingqian , Nichols Richard J. , Higgins Simon J.
Published: October 2017

A key target in molecular electronics has been molecules having switchable electrical properties. Switching between two electrical states has been demonstrated using such stimuli as light, electrochemical voltage, complexation and mechanical modulation. A classic example of the latter is the switching of 4,4′‐bipyridine, leading to conductance modulation of around 1 order of magnitude. Here, we describe the use of side‐group chemistry to control the properties of a single‐molecule electromechanical switch, which can be cycled between two conductance states by repeated compression and elongation. While bulky alkyl substituents inhibit the switching behavior, π‐conjugated side‐groups reinstate it. DFT calculations show that weak interactions between aryl moieties and the metallic electrodes are responsible for the observed phenomenon. This represents a significant expansion of the single‐molecule electronics “tool‐box” for the design of junctions with electromechanical properties.
Bioorthogonal Click and Release Reaction of Iminosydnones with Cycloalkynes
Authors: Bernard Sabrina , Audisio Davide , Riomet Margaux , Bregant Sarah , Sallustrau Antoine , Plougastel Lucie , Decuypere Elodie , Gabillet Sandra , Kumar Ramar Arun , Elyian Jijy , Trinh Minh Nguyet , Koniev Oleksandr , Wagner Alain , Kolodych Sergii , Taran Frédéric
Published: October 2017

We report the discovery of a new bioorthogonal click‐and‐release reaction involving iminosydnones and strained alkynes. This transformation leads to two products resulting from the ligation and fragmentation of iminosydnones under physiological conditions. Optimized iminosydnones were successfully used to design innovative cleavable linkers for protein modification, thus opening up new areas in the fields of drug release and target‐fishing applications. This click‐and‐release technology offers the possibility of exchanging tags on proteins for functionalized cyclooctynes under mild and bioorthogonal conditions.
meso‐Aryl [20]π Homoporphyrin: The Simplest Expanded Porphyrin with the Smallest Möbius Topology
Authors: Anju K. S. , Das Mainak , Adinarayana B. , Suresh Cherumuttathu H. , Srinivasan A.
Published: October 2017

An unstable conjugated homoporphyrin was successfully stabilized by introducing meso‐aryl substitutents. It was evident from the moderate diatropic ring current found by NMR analysis that the newly formed 20π conjugated free base and its protonated form exhibited Möbius aromatic character. Furthermore, complexation as a ligand with an RhI ion afforded a unique binding mode and retained the Möbius aromaticity. Overall, these compounds are the smallest Möbius aromatic molecules, as confirmed by spectral and crystal‐structure analysis and supported by theoretical studies.
Online consumer reviews and sales: Examining the chicken‐egg relationships
Authors: Ren Jie , Yeoh William , Shan Ee Mong , Popovič Aleš
Published: October 2017

This article examines the “chicken‐egg” two‐way relationships between online consumer reviews and sales, and assesses the dual influencer and indicator roles of online consumer reviews in relation to purchase behavior. Considering the time factor, we adopt the methodology of Granger causality test and track 3,390 products on Amazon.com over a 2‐month period. The results reveal that a causality loop exists between online consumer review volume and sales. Specifically, our findings indicate that the volume of negative consumer reviews drive consumers' purchasing decisions, but the volume of positive consumers reviews only marginally affects purchasing decisions. Also, consumers generate more positive reviews than negative reviews after sales. Our results highlight the importance of negative consumer reviews; negative reviews not only lead to sales, but sales, in turn, lead to higher volume of negative reviews. The findings suggest an alternative strategy for practitioners to address negative online consumer reviews and highlight the awareness effect of online consumer review postings that can later convert into purchase behaviors.
The challenges of surgical research in children
Authors: Losty P D
Published: October 2017

Trials in children needed
Anatomical variations of the frontal sinus and its relationship with the orbital cavity
Authors: Štoković Nikola , Trkulja Vladimir , Čuković‐Bagić Ivana , Lauc Tomislav , Grgurević Lovorka
Published: October 2017

The anatomy of the frontal sinus is highly variable and its variations affect the occurrence/course of pathological processes. We investigated its size and relationship to the orbit, searching for patterns that would allow it to be classified anatomically. Cone beam computed tomography was applied to 91 skulls (age range 21–86 years) to determine sinus height, width, length, and length of contact with the orbit in the coronal and sagittal planes. In addition, orbital roof pneumatization in the coronal plane was categorized as: none; only medial part pneumatized; the medial and a portion of the central part pneumatized; roof predominantly pneumatized. Sinus dimensions varied widely (mm): height 6.2–50.0; width 3.7–54.0; length 2.4–45.0; frontal orbital contact 4.0–41.6; sagittal orbital contact 0.0–41.2. Pneumatization of the orbital roof (coronal plane) mostly affected the medial and a portion of the central part (50%), or the roof was predominantly pneumatized (32%). Three “types” of sinus (cluster analysis) were distinguished by the extent of pneumatization of the orbital roof in the coronal plane: “small”, pneumatization absent or only of the medial part; “medium‐sized”, pneumatization of the medial and a portion of the central part; “large”, roof predominantly pneumatized. All dimensions were significantly different among the types (P < 0.001). Sinus type was fairly predictive of the extent of contact with the orbit in the sagittal plane (not routinely assessed clinically). The data confirm the variability of frontal sinus anatomy and suggest a simple and straightforward classification with potential clinical relevance. Clin. Anat. 31:576–582, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new technique of surgical planning for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Itoigawa Yoshiaki , Takazawa Yuji , Maruyama Yuichiro , Yoshida Keiichi , Sakai Tatsuo , Ichimura Koichiro , Kaneko Kazuo
Published: October 2017

There is currently no method to quantify the quality of the harvested graft before anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to explore a method for measuring stiffness of the normal tendon of the semitendinosus muscle using shear wave elastography (SWE). Our investigation comprised two steps. First, we determined orientation of the semitendinosus tendon fibers in 20 lower legs of embalmed cadavers. Second, we investigated the feasibility of quantifying stiffness of the normal semitendinosus tendon by SWE in 24 subjects (48 legs: 24 male and 24 female subjects) in vivo. Measured values were compared between male and female subjects. The point at the intersection of the semitendinosus tendon with the axial section through the center of the patella mostly was the middle of the semitendinosus tendon in the cadavers. The SWE modulus in all of the subjects could be measured on this point in vivo. The SWE modulus of males and females were 474.0 ± 71.9 kPa and 396.9 ± 104.5 kPa, respectively. The SWE modulus of males was significantly larger than that of females (P < 0.01). This study demonstrates that stiffness of the tendon of the semitendinosus muscle can be measured by SWE. It also shows that tendon of the semitendinosus muscle in males is stiffer than in females. Clin. Anat. 31:404–408, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Provide, document timely warnings after sexual assaults
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: October 2017

MILWAUKEE — There have been more Clery Act complaints filed in the last three years than in the previous history of the law, said Alison Kiss, executive director of the Clery Center for Security on Campus. The Clery Center's goal is to educate campus officials on how to comply with the Clery regulations. Kiss and Abigail Boyer, associate executive director of programs at the center, explained the requirements for timely warnings for sexual assault at a session at the International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators annual conference.
A Chemoenzymatic Histology Method for O‐GlcNAc Detection
Authors: Aguilar Aime Lopez , Hou Xiaomeng , Wen Liuqing , Wang Peng G. , Wu Peng
Published: October 2017

Modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins by the addition or removal of O‐GlcNAc dynamically impacts multiple biological processes. Here, we present the development of a chemoenzymatic histology method for the detection of O‐GlcNAc in tissue specimens. We applied this method to screen murine organs, uncovering specific O‐GlcNAc distribution patterns in different tissue structures. We then utilized our histology method for O‐GlcNAc detection in human brain specimens from healthy donors and donors with Alzheimer's disease and found higher levels of O‐GlcNAc in specimens from healthy donors. We also performed an analysis using a multiple cancer tissue array, uncovering different O‐GlcNAc levels between healthy and cancerous tissues, as well as different O‐GlcNAc cellular distributions within certain tissue specimens. This chemoenzymatic histology method therefore holds great potential for revealing the biology of O‐GlcNAc in physiopathological processes.
The Complex Solid‐State Landscape of Sodium Diatrizoate Hydrates
Authors: Najib Mohd Nadzri Mohd , Back Kevin , Edkins Katharina
Published: October 2017

Pharmaceutical sodium salts are prone to incorporate water into their crystal structures. The model compound diatrizoic acid monosodium salt, an X‐ray contrast agent, has been investigated in depth towards its interaction with water in the solid state. Five hydrates with water content ranging from 0.3 to 8 molar equivalents of water show a high degree of interconvertibility, stoichiometric and non‐stoichiometric behaviour, and potential of amorphisation during release of water. A DMSO/water mixed solvate further highlights the high attraction of this salt to incorporate water. All incorporated solvent coordinates to the sodium cation and can further interact and stabilise the respective crystal forms by hydrogen bonding. DTS thus highlights the importance of an in‐depth investigation of sodium salts used pharmaceutically to guarantee dose uniformity and stability of final formulation.
Rhodium‐Induced Reversible C−C Bond Cleavage: Transformations of Rhodium(III) 22‐Alkyl‐m‐benziporphyrins
Authors: Hurej Karolina , Pawlicki Miłosz , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław
Published: October 2017

The structurally prearranged carbaporphyrins 22‐methyl‐ and 22‐ethyl‐m‐benziporphyrins provide the platform stabilizing aromatic rhodium(III) 22‐(μ‐methylene‐m‐benziporphyrin) and rhodium(III) 22‐(μ‐ethylidene‐m‐benziporphyrin). An intramolecular conversion facilitated by the m‐phenylene reactivity and observed for both aromatic complexes efficiently leads to rhodium(III) 21‐(μ‐methylene)‐21‐carbaporphyrin and rhodium(III) 21‐(μ‐ethylidene)‐21‐carbaporphyrin. The distinctive macrocyclic environment of rhodium(III) 21‐carbaporphyrin created an opportunity to trap unique organometallic transformations of inner core substituents affording the fulvene‐like bond pattern or the rearrangement to 21‐vinyl substituent. The one‐electron reduction of the rhodium(III) carbaporphyrin anion π‐radical with a (dxy)2(dxz)2(dyz)2–(P.−) electronic configuration is demonstrated. The further process of reduction of paramagnetic species triggers the ethyl migration from carbon(22) to rhodium(III), affording the diamagnetic rhodium(III) meta‐benziporphyrin containing the apically coordinated σ‐ethyl ligand providing an example of reversible C(sp2)−C(sp3) bond cleavage.
The role of driving factors in historical and projected carbon dynamics of upland ecosystems in Alaska
Authors: Genet Hélène , He Yujie , Lyu Zhou , McGuire A. David , Zhuang Qianlai , Clein Joy , D'Amore David , Bennett Alec , Breen Amy , Biles Frances , Euskirchen Eugénie S. , Johnson Kristofer , Kurkowski Tom , (Kushch) Schroder Svetlana , Pastick Neal , Rupp T. Scott , Wylie Bruce , Zhang Yujin , Zhou Xiaoping , Zhu Zhiliang
Published: October 2017

It is important to understand how upland ecosystems of Alaska, which are estimated to occupy 84% of the state (i.e., 1,237,774 km2), are influencing and will influence state‐wide carbon (C) dynamics in the face of ongoing climate change. We coupled fire disturbance and biogeochemical models to assess the relative effects of changing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), climate, logging and fire regimes on the historical and future C balance of upland ecosystems for the four main Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) of Alaska. At the end of the historical period (1950–2009) of our analysis, we estimate that upland ecosystems of Alaska store ~50 Pg C (with ~90% of the C in soils), and gained 3.26 Tg C/yr. Three of the LCCs had gains in total ecosystem C storage, while the Northwest Boreal LCC lost C (−6.01 Tg C/yr) because of increases in fire activity. Carbon exports from logging affected only the North Pacific LCC and represented less than 1% of the state's net primary production (NPP). The analysis for the future time period (2010–2099) consisted of six simulations driven by climate outputs from two climate models for three emission scenarios. Across the climate scenarios, total ecosystem C storage increased between 19.5 and 66.3 Tg C/yr, which represents 3.4% to 11.7% increase in Alaska upland's storage. We conducted additional simulations to attribute these responses to environmental changes. This analysis showed that atmospheric CO2 fertilization was the main driver of ecosystem C balance. By comparing future simulations with constant and with increasing atmospheric CO2, we estimated that the sensitivity of NPP was 4.8% per 100 ppmv, but NPP becomes less sensitive to CO2 increase throughout the 21st century. Overall, our analyses suggest that the decreasing CO2 sensitivity of NPP and the increasing sensitivity of heterotrophic respiration to air temperature, in addition to the increase in C loss from wildfires weakens the C sink from upland ecosystems of Alaska and will ultimately lead to a source of CO2 to the atmosphere beyond 2100. Therefore, we conclude that the increasing regional C sink we estimate for the 21st century will most likely be transitional.
Detection of barriers to dispersal is masked by long lifespans and large population sizes
Authors: Hoffman Jordan R. , Willoughby Janna R. , Swanson Bradley J. , Pangle Kevin L. , Zanatta David T.
Published: October 2017

Population genetic analyses of species inhabiting fragmented landscapes are essential tools for conservation. Occasionally, analyses of fragmented populations find no evidence of isolation, even though a barrier to dispersal is apparent. In some cases, not enough time may have passed to observe divergence due to genetic drift, a problem particularly relevant for long‐lived species with overlapping generations. Failing to consider this quality during population structure analyses could result in incorrect conclusions about the impact of fragmentation on the species. We designed a model to explore how lifespan and population size influence perceived population structure of isolated populations over time. This iterative model tracked how simulated populations of variable lifespan and population size were affected by drift alone, using a freshwater mussel,Quadrula quadrula(mapleleaf), as a model system. In addition to exhibiting dramatic lifespan variability among species, mussels are also highly imperiled and exhibit fragmentation by dams throughout the range of many species. Results indicated that, unless population size was small (<50 individuals) or lifespan short (<22 years), observing genetic divergence among populations was unlikely. Even if wild populations are isolated, observing population structure in long‐lived mussels from modern damming practices is unlikely because it takes longer for population structure to develop in these species than most North American dams have existed. Larger population sizes and longer lifespans increase the time needed for significant divergence to occur. This study helps illuminate the factors that influence genetic responses by populations to isolation and provides a useful model for conservation‐oriented research.
Eggshells as hosts of bacterial communities: An experimental test of the antimicrobial egg coloration hypothesis
Authors: Dearborn Donald C. , Page Symmantha M. , Dainson Miri , Hauber Mark E. , Hanley Daniel
Published: October 2017

Oviparous animals have evolved multiple defenses to prevent microbes from penetrating their eggs and causing embryo mortality. In birds, egg constituents such as lysozyme and antibodies defend against microbial infestation, but eggshell pigments might also impact survival of bacteria. If so, microbes could exert an important selective pressure on the evolution of eggshell coloration. In a previous lab experiment, eggshell protoporphyrin caused drastic mortality in cultures of Gram positive, but not Gram negative, bacteria when exposed to light. Here, we test this “photodynamic antimicrobial hypothesis” in a field experiment. In a paired experimental design, we placed sanitized brown, protoporphyrin‐rich chicken eggs alongside white eggs that lack protoporphyrin. We deployed eggs for 48 hr without incubation, as can occur between laying and incubation, when microbial infection risk is highest. Eggs were placed on the open ground exposed to sunlight and in dark underground storm‐petrel burrows. We predicted that the proportion of Gram‐positive bacteria on brown eggs should be lower when exposed to sunlight than when kept in the dark, but we expected no such difference for white eggs. Although our data revealed variation in bacterial community composition, the proportion of Gram‐positive bacteria on eggshells did not vary by egg color, and there was no interaction between egg color and location. Instead, Gram‐positive bacteria were proportionally more common on eggs on the ground than eggs in burrows. Overall, our experiment did not support the photodynamic antimicrobial hypothesis. The diverse range of avian egg colors is generated by just two pigments, but over 10 hypotheses have been proposed for the evolution of eggshell color. If our results are generalizable, eggshell protoporphyrin might not play a substantial role in defending eggs against microbes, which narrows the field of candidate hypotheses for the evolution of avian eggshell coloration.
A model for catchment soil erosion management in humid agricultural environments
Authors: Peñuela Andrés , Sellami Haykel , Smith Hugh G.
Published: October 2017

Intensive agricultural practices have critically contributed to the global increase in soil erosion and sediment fluxes. To reduce the impact of these practices, models able to represent the effect of changes in agricultural land‐use, farming and conservation practices are needed. Moreover, simulations spanning multi‐decadal periods can overcome the potentially confounding influence of climate variability on shorter‐term studies of impacts from agricultural change. Conceptual erosion models, such as the Morgan–Morgan–Finney (MMF) model, allow simulation of soil erosion rates and sediment fluxes over longer periods, while still retaining a general description of runoff and sediment generation processes. In addition, the modified‐MMF (MMMF) model offers improved representation of vegetation cover effects through measurable plant properties. However, as an annual model, the MMF model does not capture seasonal variability in climate, hydrology and land cover. Here, we propose a new model for humid environments based on the MMF model to address its limitations and improve its predictive ability, while retaining its simplicity and low computational and parameterization requirements. This includes monthly computation, representation of catchment hydrology based on delineation of saturated areas according to the topographic wetness index (TWI), and improved representation of ground and vegetation cover effects. The proposed model, MMF‐TWI, was applied in an agricultural catchment in the UK and performance compared to published data and MMMF simulation results. Land cover spatial and temporal variability, crop type as well as farming and conservation practices were found to have a significant influence on simulated sediment yields. Our findings demonstrate: (a) that MMF‐TWI model improves predictive ability compared to the MMMF model in humid environments, (b) the importance of capturing sub‐annual variability in climate, saturated areas and land cover, (c) the ability of MMF‐TWI model to represent impacts from farming and conservation practices, and (d) the potential for MMF‐TWI model to be applied as a soil erosion management tool. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
White Space Management Is Technological Advancement in Mercury Control
Authors: Pavlish John , Lentz Nick
Published: October 2017

The Mercury and Air Toxics Standard (MATS) has increased plant operating costs by requiring more stringent emissions standards for mercury (Hg), acid gas emissions, and particulate matter (PM). The MATS regulation has required plants to purchase and operate Hg control technologies as well as make sure that their existing emissions control devices can meet the new acid gas and more‐stringent PM standards.
Required State‐Level Natural Gas and Hydropower Approvals Threatening Growth
Authors: Russo Thomas
Published: October 2017

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's (FERC's) handling of proposed natural gas and hydropower facilities has always been controversial.
Petrography and geochemistry of the Lower Miocene Moghra sandstones, Qattara Depression, north Western Desert, Egypt
Authors: Tawfik Hossam A. , Salah Mohamed K. , Maejima Wataru , Armstrong‐Altrin John S. , Abdel‐Hameed Abdel‐Monem T. , El Ghandour Mai M.
Published: October 2017

The petrographic and geochemical compositions of the Lower Miocene Moghra siliciclastic sediments in the Qattara Depression, north Western Desert, were investigated to infer their provenance, tectonic setting, palaeoweathering conditions, and diagenetic history. The Moghra Formation (~200 m thick) is dominated by sandstones intercalated with mudstone and carbonates. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that smectite, kaolinite, and illite are the dominant clay minerals found in mudstones. The sandstones are mainly subarkose, sublitharenite, and quartzarenite types with an average modal composition of Q89F6L5. The sandstones possess various diagenetic overprints including mechanical infiltration of clay, compaction, cementation, dissolution, and replacement. Major and trace element concentrations suggested that the parent rocks are intermediate to felsic in composition derived from the Neoproterozoic Arabian Nubian Shield. The weathering indices such as the chemical index of alteration and the plagioclase index of alteration implied that the intensity of chemical weathering in the source area was moderate under semi‐arid climatic conditions. On the other hand, the index of chemical variability indicates a low compositional maturity. The tectonic discrimination diagrams demonstrated a collision setting for the Arabian Nubian Shield, which represents the main supplier of sediments to the study area. Statistical parameters, sedimentary structures, and ichnofossil contents suggested that the Moghra sediments were deposited in a tidally‐influenced fluvial environment.
CCDC6: the identity of a protein known to be partner in fusion
Authors: Cerrato Aniello , Merolla Francesco , Morra Francesco , Celetti Angela
Published: October 2017

Coiled Coil Domain Containing 6 gene, CCDC6, was initially isolated as part of a tumorigenic DNA originated by the fusion of CCDC6 with the tyrosine kinase of RET receptor, following a paracentric inversion of chromosome 10. For a long time, CCDC6 has been considered as an accidental partner of the RET protooncogene, providing the promoter and the first 101 aa necessary for the constitutive activation of the oncogenic Tyrosine Kinase (TK) RET in thyroid cells. With the advent of more refined diagnostic tools and bioinformatic algorithms, an exponential growth in fusion genes discoveries has allowed the identification of CCDC6 as partner of genes other than RET in different tumor types. CCDC6 gene product has a proper role in sustaining the DNA damage checkpoints in response to DNA damage. The inactivation of CCDC6 secondary to chromosomal rearrangements or gene mutations could enhance tumor progression by impairing the apoptotic response upon the DNA damage exposure, contributing to the generation of radio‐ and chemoresistance. Preclinical studies indicate that the attenuation of CCDC6 in cancer, while conferring a resistance to cisplatinum, sensitizes the cancer cells to the small molecule inhibitors of Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP1/2) with a synthetic lethal effect. Several CCDC6 mutations and gene rearrangements have been described so far in different types of cancer and CCDC6 may represent a possible predictive biomarker of tumor resistance to the conventional anticancer treatments. Nevertheless, the detection of a CCDC6 impairment in cancer patients may help to select, in future clinical trials, those patients who could benefit of PARP‐inhibitors treatment alone or in combination with other treatments.
Factors associated with patients with gestational diabetes in Japan being at increased risk of requiring intensive care
Authors: Yamashita Hiroshi , Yasuhi Ichiro , Kugishima Yukari , Sugimi So , Umezaki Yasushi , Suga Sachie , Fukuda Masashi , Kusuda Nobuko
Published: October 2017

Objective

To investigate factors associated with high‐risk gestational diabetes (GDM) among patients with GDM.

Methods

The present retrospective study included women with singleton pregnancies diagnosed with GDM using International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group criteria at a single tertiary perinatal care center in Japan between July 1, 2010, and October 31, 2014. High‐risk GDM was defined as patients who required at least 20 units of insulin therapy a day, delivering a large‐for‐gestational age neonate regardless of insulin therapy, or both. Maternal characteristics and diagnostic test results were investigated to identify associations with the high‐risk criteria, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results

Among 217 patients, 95 (43.8%) were categorized as high risk. After adjusting for confounders, a fasting plasma glucose level at diagnosis of at least 4.66 mmol/L (adjusted OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.51–5.58) and pre‐pregnancy body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) of at least 24 (adjusted OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.60–6.90) were independently associated with meeting the high‐risk criteria.

Conclusion

Among Japanese patients with GDM, pre‐pregnancy body mass index and fasting plasma glucose levels could be used to identify high‐risk patients requiring intensive care during pregnancy.
Three dimensional printed calcium phosphate and poly(caprolactone) composites with improved mechanical properties and preserved microstructure
Authors: Vella Joseph B. , Trombetta Ryan P. , Hoffman Michael D. , Inzana Jason , Awad Hani , Benoit Danielle S. W.
Published: October 2017

Biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds formed via three dimensional (3D) printing technology to exhibit porosity and chemical resorbability to promote osseointegration often lack the strength and toughness required to withstand loading in bone tissue engineering applications. Herein, sintering and CaP:poly(caprolactone) (PCL) composite formation were explored to improve 3D printed scaffold strength and toughness. Hydroxyapatite and α‐tricalcium phosphate (α‐TCP) biphasic calcium powders were printed using phosphoric acid binder, which generated monetite and hydroxyapatite scaffolds. Upon sintering, evolution of β‐TCP was observed along with an increase in flexural strength and modulus but no effect on fracture toughness was observed. Furthermore, scaffold porosity increased with sintering. Additionally, two techniques of PCL composite formation were employed: postprint precipitation and 3D print codeposition to further augment scaffold mechanical properties. While both techniques significantly improved flexural strength, flexural modulus, and fracture toughness under most conditions explored, precipitation yielded more substantial increases in these properties, which is attributed to better continuity of the PCL phase. However, precipitation also compromised surface porosity due to PCL passivation of the calcium phosphate surface, which may subsequently hinder scaffold integration and bone regeneration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 663–672, 2018.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Nitrogen‐doped TiO2 Nanowires with Enhanced Photocurrent Generation
Authors: Yen Yin‐Cheng , Ou Sheng , Lin Kuan‐Jiuh
Published: October 2017

A nitrogen‐doped TiO2 (N‐TiO2) nanowire film was synthesized via a one‐pot hydrothermal method using triethylamine as nitrogen source. The effect of the concentration of the triethylamine on the films was evaluated. In addition, the N‐TiO2 nanowires were characterized using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. A 3.2× enhancement of the photocurrent for N‐TiO2 (0.6) was achieved over the as‐prepared TiO2 nanowire, under AM1.5G solar illumination. This was due to nitrogen doping, which could narrow the bandgap of titania to extend the adsorption of the catalyst to the visible light region.
Understanding the client's perspective of helpful and hindering events in psychotherapy sessions: A micro‐process approach
Authors: Swift Joshua K. , Tompkins Kelley A. , Parkin Susannah R.
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study was to bridge the methodologies of significant events and micro‐process research to gain a better understanding of clients’ perceptions of helpful and hindering events in psychotherapy. A total of 16 clients were asked to review a recent psychotherapy session and, while watching, complete a moment‐by‐moment rating of helpful/hindrance using a dial rating system. They were also asked to describe the most helpful and hindering segments that were rated as such. The moment‐by‐moment ratings suggest that clients perceive a significant amount of variability within a single session. The qualitative results suggest that clients perceive both specific treatment and common factors techniques as being helpful. Further, some of the same therapist actions were rated as both helpful and hindering, but they differed in the timing and the client's experience of feeling heard and understood versus judged or given advice that was not perceived as relevant to them. These results have important implications for clinical practice.
Dealginated seaweed waste for Zn(II) continuous removal from aqueous solution on fixed‐bed column
Authors: Cardoso Saulo Luiz , Costa Camila Stefanne Dias , da Silva Meuris Gurgel Carlos , Vieira Melissa Gurgel Adeodato
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

The alginate extraction residue from Brazilian Sargassum filipendula was employed as biosorbent for Zn(II) removal through a fixed‐bed column in order to explore its adsorptive properties and to establish a new use for this waste.

RESULTS

The best operating conditions were 0.5 mL min‐1 and 1.0 mmol L‐1 (inlet concentration), providing lower mass transfer zone and higher uptake. Elution percentages of 52 and 73% were obtained for the first and second desorption cycles, respectively, using CaCl2 as eluent. The Yan et al. model was more representative of the experimental data. Characterization revealed that ion exchange is involved between zinc ions and light metals (Ca, Na, K and Mg). A decrease was observed in real and apparent densities of biomass, with an increase in particle porosity of the residue after process.

CONCLUSION

The study revealed that this biomass has potential for Zn removal from aqueous solution, encouraging its application as a biosorbent in future studies involving multicomponent systems. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Misdiagnosing hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor as hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Yin Lei , Zhu Bin , Lu Xin‐yuan , Lau Wan Yee , Zhang Yong Jie
Published: October 2017

A 61‐year‐old Chinese male was found to have a lesion in the left liver during a routine body check‐up. Laboratory tests revealed no abnormalities except for a rise in C‐reactive protein. Computed tomography showed features suggestive of hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient underwent liver IVb segmentectomy and cholecystectomy. Histopathology showed features of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor. The C‐reactive protein decreased to close to normal on postoperative day 9. A patient with hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor who presented with features mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma was reported. A preoperatively raised C‐reactive protein was the only hint which suggested that our patient might have had hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor instead of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Morphological changes of the optic lobe from late embryonic to adult stages in oval squids Sepioteuthis lessoniana
Authors: Liu Yung‐Chieh , Chung Wen‐Sung , Yu Chun‐Chieh , Hsu Su‐Ting , Chan Fung‐Lan , Liu Tsung‐Han , Su Chia‐Hao , Hwu Yeukuang , Marshall N. Justin , Chiao Chuan‐Chin
Published: October 2017

The optic lobe is the largest brain area within the central nervous system of cephalopods and it plays important roles in the processing of visual information, the regulation of body patterning, and locomotive behavior. The oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana has relatively large optic lobes that are responsible for visual communication via dynamic body patterning. It has been observed that the visual behaviors of oval squids change as the animals mature, yet little is known about how the structure of the optic lobes changes during development. The aim of the present study was to characterize the ontogenetic changes in neural organization of the optic lobes of S. lessoniana from late embryonic stage to adulthood. Magnetic resonance imaging and micro‐CT scans were acquired to reconstruct the 3D‐structure of the optic lobes and examine the external morphology at different developmental stages. In addition, optic lobe slices with nuclear staining were used to reveal changes in the internal morphology throughout development. As oval squids mature, the proportion of the brain making up the optic lobes increases continuously, and the optic lobes appear to have a prominent dent on the ventrolateral side. Inside the optic lobe, the cortex and the medulla expand steadily from the late embryonic stage to adulthood, but the cell islands in the tangential zone of the optic lobe decrease continuously in parallel. Interestingly, the size of the nuclei of cells within the medulla of the optic lobe increases throughout development. These findings suggest that the optic lobe undergoes continuous external morphological change and internal neural reorganization throughout the oval squid's development. These morphological changes in the optic lobe are likely to be responsible for changes in the visuomotor behavior of oval squids from hatching to adulthood.
Potential of marshes to attenuate storm surge water level in the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Glass Emma M. , Garzon Juan L. , Lawler Seth , Paquier Eleonore , Ferreira Celso M.
Published: October 2017

Storm surges from tropical and extratropical storms frequently impact coastal communities globally. While the potential of natural and nature‐based features for coastal defenses has gained increased attention as a viable option for coastal flood protection, the lack of in situ measurements of storm surge attenuation has delayed their widespread utilization. We present the findings of a 3‐yr water level monitoring campaign that resulted in a large collection (52 flood events) of attenuation rates from marsh transects located in two natural preserves in the U.S. mid‐Atlantic region. Results show that the overall marsh attenuated water levels, exhibiting values up to 0.02 cm/m at Eastern Shore of Virginia National Wildlife Refuge (ES) and 0.03 cm/m at Magothy Bay Natural Preserve (MGB). In general, the greatest attenuation rates were observed at the marsh edge section. The reach close to the coastline revealed an amplification of the water level followed by water level attenuation toward the backside of the marsh. However, analyses of five major storms at ES demonstrated that, within each event, the ability of the upper marsh to attenuate water level decreased with higher inundation heights. Additionally, small spatial scales of the marsh platform, geomorphological features such as channels, elevated surrounding forests and levees seem to play a major role in reducing the attenuation rates provided by the marshes. These results indicate that, while this type of marshland would provide storm surge attenuation during low inundation heights, these ecosystems would be less effective attenuating higher water depths from extreme events.
Key Production Parameters to Obtain Transparent Nanocellular PMMA
Authors: Martín‐de León Judith , Bernardo Victoria , Rodríguez‐Pérez Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2017

Transparent nanocellular polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with relative density around 0.4 is produced for the first time by using the gas dissolution foaming technique. The processing conditions and the typical characteristics of the cellular structure needed to manufacture this novel material are discovered. It is proved that low saturation temperatures (−32 °C) combined with high saturation pressures (6, 10, 20 MPa) allow increasing the solubility of PMMA up to values not reached before. In particular, the highest CO2 uptake ever reported for PMMA, (i.e., 48 wt%) is found for a saturation pressure of 20 MPa and a saturation temperature of −32 °C. Due to these processing conditions, cell nucleation densities of 1016 nuclei cm−3 and cell sizes clearly below 50 nm are achieved. The nanocellular polymers obtained, with cell sizes ten times smaller than the wavelength of visible light and very homogeneous cellular structures, show a significant transparency.
Fractional differential equations with a Caputo derivative with respect to a Kernel function and their applications
Authors: Almeida Ricardo , Malinowska Agnieszka B. , Monteiro M.Teresa T.
Published: October 2017

This paper is devoted to the study of the initial value problem of nonlinear fractional differential equations involving a Caputo‐type fractional derivative with respect to another function. Existence and uniqueness results for the problem are established by means of the some standard fixed point theorems. Next, we develop the Picard iteration method for solving numerically the problem and obtain results on the long‐term behavior of solutions. Finally, we analyze a population growth model and a gross domestic product model with governing equations being fractional differential equations that we have introduced in this work.
Productivity optimization of microalgae cultivation in a batch photobioreactor process
Authors: Ramírez Héctor , Rojas‐Palma Alejandro , Jeison David
Published: October 2017

We address the question of mean biomass volumetric productivity optimization, which originates from the simplification of dynamics of microalgae in a batch bioreactor process with light incidence. In particular, the stability of the model is analyzed, some optimality necessary conditions for the nonsmooth optimization problem obtained through the inclusion of different photoperiods are studied, and the model is applied in the particular case of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii microalgae to validate our results.
Predictors of long‐term bladder management in spinal cord injury patients—Upper extremity function may matter most
Authors: Zlatev Dimitar V. , Shem Kazuko , Elliott Christopher S.
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is the gold standard for neurogenic bladder management in most patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). There is nonetheless a lack of long‐term adherence to CIC, with up to 50% discontinuance at 5‐year follow‐up. We hypothesize that limitations in upper extremity (UE) motor function represent a strong predictor for long‐term CIC adoption.

Methods

We assessed Forms I and II data from the 2000‐2013 National SCI Database. Bladder management was determined at initial discharge and 1‐year follow‐up. Upper extremity (UE) motor scores were transformed using a previously published algorithm to predict a patient's ability to independently self‐catheterize. Uni‐ and multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed to assess risk factors affecting: a) a lack of CIC adoption at rehabilitation discharge, b) CIC discontinuance by 1‐year follow‐up (CIC “dropout”), and c) adherence to management with an indwelling catheter rather than conversion to CIC at 1‐year follow‐up.

Results

For all three modeled scenarios, UE motor function represented the most significant predictor for lack of CIC adoption (OR range 2.1‐6.3, P ≤ 0.003 for all). Other predictors included increasing age (OR 1.01‐1.02, P ≤ 0.001 for all models) and female gender (OR 1.6‐1.7, P < 0.001 for lack of CIC adoption at discharge).

Conclusions

Among physically limiting factors, impairment in UE motor function appears to be the most significant predictor of a lack of long‐term CIC adoption at 1‐year follow‐up.
A Systematic Review of Calorie Labeling and Modified Calorie Labeling Interventions: Impact on Consumer and Restaurant Behavior
Authors: Bleich Sara N. , Economos Christina D. , Spiker Marie L. , Vercammen Kelsey A. , VanEpps Eric M. , Block Jason P. , Elbel Brian , Story Mary , Roberto Christina A.
Published: October 2017

Objective

Evidence on the effects of restaurant calorie labeling on consumer and restaurant behavior is mixed. This paper examined: (1) consumer responses to calorie information alone or compared to modified calorie information and (2) changes in restaurant offerings following or in advance of menu labeling implementation.

Methods

Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Policy File, and PAIS International to identify restaurant calorie labeling studies through October 1, 2016, that measured calories ordered, consumed, or available for purchase on restaurant menus. The reference lists of calorie labeling articles were also searched.

Results

Fifty‐three studies were included: 18 in real‐world restaurants, 9 in cafeterias, and 21 in laboratory or simulation settings. Five examined restaurant offerings.

Conclusions

Because of a lack of well‐powered studies with strong designs, the degree to which menu labeling encourages lower‐calorie purchases and whether that translates to a healthier population are unclear. Although there is limited evidence that menu labeling affects calories purchased at fast‐food restaurants, some evidence demonstrates that it lowers calories purchased at certain types of restaurants and in cafeteria settings. The limited data on modified calorie labels find that such labels can encourage lower‐calorie purchases but may not differ in effects relative to calorie labels alone.
Synthesis and performances for treating oily wastewater of polyether copolymers based on polyethyleneimine
Authors: Wu Zhiguang , Luo Jia , Sun Liang
Published: October 2017

The demulsification of the oily wastewater generated in the oil recovery process is very important in the crude oil exploitation. In present work, 10 block copolymers based on polyethyleneimine were synthesized, and their performances for treating oily wastewater were studied. The evaluation of demulsification efficiency, the effects of temperature, and the dosage on the treatment of oily wastewater by prepared copolymers were also investigated. To explore the causes of the differences, the interface activity of prepared copolymer molecules at water‐oil interface was investigated by the interfacial tension, and a mechanism diagram of demulsification of wastewater by the prepared copolymers was proposed. The demulsification of wastewater could be divided into 3 processes that were (1) adsorption, (2) congestion, and (3) coalescence. The prepared copolymer molecule acted as a hand in the oily wastewater to achieve the demulsification.