bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fault Feature Extraction Method of Ball Screw Based on Singular Value Decomposition, CEEMDAN and 1.5DTES
Authors: Wu Qin , Niu Jun , Wang Xinglian
Published: November 2023

In this article, a method is proposed to effectively extract weak fault features and accurately diagnose faults in ball screws, even in the presence of strong background noise. This method combines singular value decomposition (SVD), complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), and the 1.5-dimensional spectrum (1.5D) to process and analyze fault vibration signals. The first step involves decomposing the fault signal using the SVD algorithm. The singular values are then screened, and the part of the screen containing more noise information is extracted to complete the first denoising step. The second step involves decomposing the signal after the initial denoising process using CEEMDAN and removing some of the false components from the intrinsic mode function (IMF) components, based on the kurtosis correlation function index. The signal is then reconstructed to complete the second denoising step. Finally, the denoised signal is analyzed using Teager energy operator demodulation and 1.5D spectral analysis to extract the fault frequency and determine the location of the fault in the ball screw. This method has been compared with other denoising methods, such as wavelet packet decomposition combined with CEEMDAN or SVD combined with variational mode decomposition (VMD), and the results show that under the condition of strong background noise, the proposed method can better extract the fault frequency of ball screw.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Organic Farming and Voluntary Certifications
Authors: Brumă Ioan Sebastian , Jelea Alexandra Raluca , Rodino Steliana , Bertea Patricea Elena , Butu Alina , Chițea Mihai Alexandru
Published: November 2023

Organic farming, characterised by environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural practices, has gained significant attention throughout the years due to its potential to address critical issues such as food security, environmental sustainability, and public health. Voluntary certification systems play a pivotal role in ensuring the integrity and quality of organic products in the market. Understanding the research landscape surrounding organic farming and voluntary certifications is of paramount importance for scholars, policy makers, farmers, and consumers. In this context, the present study utilizes a bibliometric approach to achieve a deeper understanding of the trends, key contributors, and key terms in these domains via a bibliometric analysis in order to contribute to the broader goals of promoting sustainable agriculture and informed consumer choices. The evolution of the field is traced, shedding light on seminal papers, influential authors, and prolific journals. The research type is quantitative, using Web of Science, VOSviewer, and bibliometric study as instruments. The results show that, for both terms “organic farming” and “voluntary certifications”, papers usually involve three or more authors and use other sources as the unit of analysis, leaving room for improvement and the filling of a gap in the specialty literature. This insight can guide future researchers and policymakers in focusing on critical areas within organic farming and certification systems, further advancing the field and addressing pressing issues related to sustainability, quality, and consumer awareness.
The Carbon Footprint of a 5000-Milking-Head Dairy Operation in Central Texas
Authors: Woolery Sadie , Osei Edward , Yu Mark , Guney Selin , Lovell Ashley , Jafri Hussain
Published: November 2023

Texas is the third-largest milk-producing state in the U.S., with Central Texas being the second-largest milk-producing region in Texas. The average size of a dairy herd in Texas is 1829 cows. In Central Texas alone, there are 88,000 dairy cows. However, there is a lack of environmental impact research for this region. The overall objective of this case study is to evaluate the net carbon and carbon equivalent balances for a large dairy operation in Central Texas. The dairy selected for this study has a herd size of 5000 milking cows. The data assumptions were made regarding the selected dairy’s performance and production for the 2021 production year. These data include herd size and management, milk production, crop production, feed purchases, and on-farm energy usage. The USDA-Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM) was used to estimate the daily and annual greenhouse gas emissions and environmental footprint of the dairy by quantifying the operation’s carbon footprint based on its 2021 performance and management practices. Research outcomes identify and quantify sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced on the dairy farm. Additionally, the carbon footprint (CF) was determined by estimating the CO2 equivalents (CO2-eq) emitted or sunk from animal and manure emissions, direct and indirect land emissions, net biogenic and anthropogenic CO2 emissions, and the production of resource inputs. The results of this case study indicated that the carbon footprint (CF) of the 5000-milking-head dairy in Central Texas was 0.40 lb. of CO2 per lb. of fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM) when considering biogenic CO2 and 0.83 lb. of CO2 per lb. of FPCM without biogenic CO2.
Transcriptional Profiling of the Effect of Coleus amboinicus L. Essential Oil against Salmonella Typhimurium Biofilm Formation
Authors: Leesombun Arpron , Sungpradit Sivapong , Sariya Ladawan , Taowan Jarupha , Boonmasawai Sookruetai
Published: November 2023

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium cause infections primarily through foodborne transmission and remains a significant public health concern. The biofilm formation of this bacteria also contributes to their multidrug-resistant nature. Essential oils from medicinal plants are considered potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Therefore, this study assessed the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of Coleus amboinicus essential oil (EO-CA) against S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028. Seventeen chemical compounds of EO-CA were identified, and carvacrol (38.26%) was found to be the main constituent. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EO-CA for S. Typhimurium planktonic growth was 1024 µg/mL while the minimum bactericidal concentration was 1024 µg/mL. EO-CA at sub-MIC (≥1/16× MIC) exhibited antibiofilm activity against the prebiofilm formation of S. Typhimurium at 24 h. Furthermore, EO-CA (≥1/4× MIC) inhibited postbiofilm formation at 24 and 48 h (p < 0.05). Transcriptional profiling revealed that the EO-CA-treated group at 1/2× MIC had 375 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 106 of which were upregulated and 269 were downregulated. Five significantly downregulated virulent DEGs responsible for motility (flhD, fljB, and fimD), curli fimbriae (csgD), and invasion (hilA) were screened via quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). This study suggests the potential of EO-CA as an effective antimicrobial agent for combating planktonic and biofilm formation of Salmonella.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abubakar Usman , Awaisu Ahmed , Khan Amer Hayat , Alam Khurshid
Published: November 2023

This study investigated how the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the rate of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched to identify potentially eligible studies published from December 2019 to September 2022. A random effect model was used to determine the changes in the rate of HAIs during the pandemic. Thirty-seven studies, mostly from the United States (n = 13), were included. Fifteen studies described how the pandemic affected the rate of CLABSIs and CAUTIs, and eight of them showed a significant increase in CLABSIs. The risk of CLABSIs and CDIs was 27% (pooled odds ratio [OR]: 0.73; confidence interval [CI]: 0.61–0.89; p < 0.001) and 20% (pooled OR: 1.20; CI: 1.10–1.31; p < 0.001) higher during the pandemic compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic period, respectively. However, the overall risk of HAIs was unaffected by the pandemic (pooled OR: 1.00; 95 CI: 0.80–1.24; p = 0.990). Furthermore, there were no significant changes in the risk of CAUTIs (pooled OR: 1.01; 95 CI: 0.88–1.16; p = 0.890), and SSIs (pooled OR: 1.27; CI: 0.91–1.76; p = 0.16) between the two periods. The COVID-19 pandemic had no effect on the overall risk of HAIs among hospitalized patients, but an increased risk of CLABSIs and CDI were observed during the pandemic. Therefore, more stringent infection control and prevention measures and prudent interventions to promote the rational use of antibiotics are warranted across all healthcare facilities to reduce the burden of HAIs.
The Effects of Dietary Silybin Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Regulation of Intestinal Oxidative Injury and Microflora Dysbiosis in Weaned Piglets
Authors: Cai Long , Gao Ge , Yin Chenggang , Bai Rong , Li Yanpin , Sun Wenjuan , Pi Yu , Jiang Xianren , Li Xilong
Published: November 2023

Oxidative stress is the major incentive for intestinal dysfunction in weaned piglets, which usually leads to growth retardation or even death. Silybin has caught extensive attention due to its antioxidant properties. Herein, we investigated the effect of dietary silybin supplementation on growth performance and determined its protective effect on paraquat (PQ)-induced intestinal oxidative damage and microflora dysbiosis in weaned piglets. In trial 1, a total of one hundred twenty healthy weaned piglets were randomly assigned into five treatments with six replicate pens per treatment and four piglets per pen, where they were fed basal diets supplemented with silybin at 0, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg for 42 days. In trial 2, a total of 24 piglets were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments with 12 replicates per treatment and 1 piglet per pen: a basal diet or adding 400 mg/kg silybin to a basal diet. One-half piglets in each treatment were given an intraperitoneal injection of paraquat (4 mg/kg of body weight) or sterile saline on day 18. All piglets were euthanized on day 21 for sample collection. The results showed that dietary supplementation with 400 mg/kg silybin resulted in a lower feed conversion ratio, diarrhea incidence, and greater antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets. Dietary silybin enhanced intestinal antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial function in oxidative stress piglets induced by PQ. Silybin inhibited mitochondria-associated endogenous apoptotic procedures and then improved the intestinal barrier function and morphology of PQ-challenged piglets. Moreover, silybin improved intestinal microbiota dysbiosis induced by the PQ challenge by enriching short-chain fatty-acid-producing bacteria, which augmented the production of acetate and propionate. Collectively, these findings indicated that dietary silybin supplementation linearly decreased feed conversion ratio and reduced diarrhea incidence in normal conditions, and effectively alleviated oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, intestinal damage, and microflora dysbiosis in weaned piglets.
Glutathionyl Hemoglobin and Its Emerging Role as a Clinical Biomarker of Chronic Oxidative Stress
Authors: Scirè Andrea , Casari Giulia , Romaldi Brenda , de Bari Lidia , Antognelli Cinzia , Armeni Tatiana
Published: November 2023

Hemoglobin is one of the proteins that are more susceptible to S-glutathionylation and the levels of its modified form, glutathionyl hemoglobin (HbSSG), increase in several human pathological conditions. The scope of the present review is to provide knowledge about how hemoglobin is subjected to S-glutathionylation and how this modification affects its functionality. The different diseases that showed increased levels of HbSSG and the methods used for its quantification in clinical investigations will be also outlined. Since there is a growing need for precise and reliable methods for markers of oxidative stress in human blood, this review highlights how HbSSG is emerging more and more as a good indicator of severe oxidative stress but also as a key pathogenic factor in several diseases.
From Stress to Sick(le) and Back Again–Oxidative/Antioxidant Mechanisms, Genetic Modulation, and Cerebrovascular Disease in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Silva Marisa , Faustino Paula
Published: November 2023

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic disease caused by the homozygosity of the HBB:c.20A>T mutation, which results in the production of hemoglobin S (HbS). In hypoxic conditions, HbS suffers autoxidation and polymerizes inside red blood cells, altering their morphology into a sickle shape, with increased rigidity and fragility. This triggers complex pathophysiological mechanisms, including inflammation, cell adhesion, oxidative stress, and vaso-occlusion, along with metabolic alterations and endocrine complications. SCA is phenotypically heterogeneous due to the modulation of both environmental and genetic factors. Pediatric cerebrovascular disease (CVD), namely ischemic stroke and silent cerebral infarctions, is one of the most impactful manifestations. In this review, we highlight the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of pediatric CVD. Since oxidative stress is an interdependent mechanism in vasculopathy, occurring alongside (or as result of) endothelial dysfunction, cell adhesion, inflammation, chronic hemolysis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and vaso-occlusion, a brief overview of the main mechanisms involved is included. Moreover, the genetic modulation of CVD in SCA is discussed. The knowledge of the intricate network of altered mechanisms in SCA, and how it is affected by different genetic factors, is fundamental for the identification of potential therapeutic targets, drug development, and patient-specific treatment alternatives.
Unleashing the Potential of Nrf2: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Fang Qin , Bai Yang , Hu Shuiqing , Ding Jie , Liu Lei , Dai Meiyan , Qiu Jie , Wu Lujin , Rao Xiaoquan , Wang Yan
Published: November 2023

Pulmonary vascular remodeling, characterized by the thickening of all three layers of the blood vessel wall, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Despite the approval of several drugs for PH treatment, their long-term therapeutic effect remains unsatisfactory, as they mainly focus on vasodilation rather than addressing vascular remodeling. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of PH. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a vital transcription factor that regulates endogenous antioxidant defense and emerges as a novel regulator of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Growing evidence has suggested an involvement of Nrf2 and its downstream transcriptional target in the process of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Pharmacologically targeting Nrf2 has demonstrated beneficial effects in various diseases, and several Nrf2 inducers are currently undergoing clinical trials. However, the exact potential and mechanism of Nrf2 as a therapeutic target in PH remain unknown. Thus, this review article aims to comprehensively explore the role and mechanism of Nrf2 in pulmonary vascular remodeling associated with PH. Additionally, we provide a summary of Nrf2 inducers that have shown therapeutic potential in addressing the underlying vascular remodeling processes in PH. Although Nrf2-related therapies hold great promise, further research is necessary before their clinical implementation can be fully realized.
Demethylcalabaxanthone from Garcinia mangostana Exerts Antioxidant Effects through the Activation of the Nrf2 Pathway as Assessed via Molecular Docking and Biological Evaluation
Authors: De Vita Simona , Masullo Milena , Grambone Sabrina , Bescós Paloma Bermejo , Piacente Sonia , Bifulco Giuseppe
Published: November 2023

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway activation promotes the expression of antioxidant enzymes in response to rising oxidative stress, resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification and playing a central role in the maintenance of intracellular redox homeostasis and regulation of inflammation. Moreover, the biological effects of Nrf2 pathway activation contribute to reducing apoptosis and enhancing cell survival. The activity of Nrf2 is negatively regulated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Prompted by the recent results reporting the impact of xanthone metabolites on oxidative stress, cancer, and inflammation, the antioxidant properties of xanthones isolated from Garcinia mangostana (γ-mangostin, α-mangostin, 8-deoxygartanin, demethylcalabaxanthone, garcinone D) were assessed. In particular, the capability of these natural products to disrupt the interaction between Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), triggering the activation of the Nrf2-mediated pathway, was evaluated using molecular docking experiments and in vitro tests. The modulation of some key Nrf2-related mediators like glutathione (GSH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to highlight a possible direct antioxidant effect was investigated. Among the tested compounds, demethylcalabaxanthone showed an indirect antioxidant effect, as corroborated by a Western blot assay, displaying a significant increase in the translocated protein upon its administration.
Absorption–Translocation of Veterinary Antibiotics in Rice Plants Introduced with Irrigation Water
Authors: Duong Van Hay , Seo Il-Hwan , Jeon Hee Su , Cho Jae Young
Published: November 2023

Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) have been indiscriminately used in animal feed for the past five decades to increase and ensure profits with negligible environmental considerations. The VAs amoxicillin (AMX), chlortetracycline (CTC), and oxytetracycline (OTC), which can be unintentionally introduced by irrigation water during rice cultivation, were evaluated for their phytotoxic effects, absorption–translocation into plants, and soil residues using a randomized complete block design. It was found that exposure to VAs can severely affect the photosynthetic pathway of rice plants. The uptake and translocation of VAs by rice plants varied significantly. CTC and OTC translocated more easily than AMX, a member of the β-lactam class, which accumulated at the lowest concentration compared to CTC and OTC across all treatments. Rice yield was about 4.3–5.7% lower in the experimental plots that received fifty-fold the background levels of VAs compared to the control. The findings indicate that these widely used veterinary antibiotics can hamper crop production, leave residues in the soil, and constitute a risk to human health if introduced into the agro-ecosystem unintentionally.
Biocompatibility and Osteo/Odontogenic Potential of Various Bioactive Root-End Filling Materials
Authors: Ercal Pinar , Sismanoglu Soner
Published: November 2023

This in vitro study aimed to investigate if different bioactive root-end filling materials can promote osteo/odontogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and support their viability. MSCs from porcine tooth germs were isolated. Cells were exposed to extracts from MTA Angelus, BIOfactor MTA, Medcem MTA, Well-Root ST, and Pure Portland Cement for 7 days. Viability was determined with MTS and live/dead assay. Osteo/odontogenic differentiation was evaluated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and quantitative real-time PCR (RUNX2, DMP-1, and DSPP genes) which were compared with osteo/odontogenic-induced MSCs and non-treated cells. All the tested materials supported cell proliferation and cells maintained their viability after 7 days. Osteo/odontogenic differentiation of MSCs was promoted by the tested materials in varying levels as demonstrated by increased ALP activity and upregulation of related gene markers in comparison to the control group. Pure Portland Cement demonstrated a continuous high ALP activity on day 7, showing the highest value among all materials and significantly increased in comparison to the control group (p < 0.001). Significant RUNX2 expression and high ALP activity (p < 0.001) similar to that of osteogenically induced cells was detected for Pure Portland Cement after 7 days. Tested MTA-based cement materials are biocompatible and induce osteo/odontogenic differentiation in vitro. MTA materials performed similarly to Pure Portland Cement regarding osteo/odontogenic differentiation.
Sequence Stratigraphy of the Jurassic Strata and Occurrences of Potential Sandstone Reservoirs in the ST Gas Field, Northern West Siberia Basin
Authors: Chen Yefei , Yang Jinxiu , Talha Muhammad , Xia Ying , Tang Mingming , Xie Rong
Published: November 2023

Jurassic strata in the ST gas field of the northern West Siberia Basin have been regarded as a potential exploration target with undiscovered hydrocarbon resources. However limited research has been performed on the sequence stratigraphy of the Jurassic strata, as well as its sandstone distribution controlled by variable sea level change and sediment input. In this paper, four third-order sequences (SQ1, SQ2, SQ3, and SQ4) and nine fourth-order sequences for the Jurassic strata are interpreted based on seismic facies analysis and the lithology stacking patterns of seven wells. SQ1 is characterized by the special Bazhenov Formation which is featured by regionally distributed deep marine shales. SQ2 (J1) is composed of a coarsening upward sequence, the base of which is an unconformable surface that can be recognizable in both seismic profiles and well logging data. SQ3 (J2-J8) is composed of a complete fining-upward and coarsening-upward sequence, showing a series of transgressive and regressive successions. A complete SQ4 has not been drilled through by all the seven wells, only showing a coarsening upward succession on its top (J9) which evolves into a fining upward succession at the base of SQ3. Combined with the seismic inversion result, which predicts sandstone distribution, a sequence evolution model was built for SQ3 showing a full unit of transgressive system tract and highstand system tract (TST-HST) which often occurs in shallow marine shelves. During sequence development, most reservoir sandstones are deposited in the shelf and tidal delta environment at the bottom of the TST and the top of HST, and mudstones are deposited as shelf mudstones, especially at maximum flooding surface. That is controlled by both accommodation and sediment input. Generally, under this sequence framework, the depositional architecture can be further analyzed with implications for source rock, reservoir sandstones, and sealing rock, which may guide future gas exploration and exploitation in this area.
Digital Soundscape of the Roman Theatre of Gubbio: Acoustic Response from Its Original Shape
Authors: Bevilacqua Antonella , Fuchs Wladek
Published: November 2023

The present work deals with the acoustic analysis of the Roman theatre of Gubbio, located in Italy, which has already been the subject of architectural studies. Using four specific scenarios, acoustic simulations were carried out to highlight the contributions of different architectural elements to the acoustic response of this open-air theatre. The results were evaluated assuming that unamplified classical music and prose were the main functions of the space, as was the case in the past. The simulated results show that the values of the main acoustic parameters are closer to the optimal ranges borrowed from studies on enclosed theatres, since no criteria are available for Roman theatres. The comparison among different scenarios highlights the poor acoustic response of the existing conditions for a performing arts space. Some suggestions are presented regarding how the outcomes of this research study should be employed.
A Comparative Analysis of Active Learning for Rumor Detection on Social Media Platforms
Authors: Yi Feng , Liu Hongsheng , He Huaiwen , Su Lei
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the ubiquity of social networks has transformed them into essential platforms for information dissemination. However, the unmoderated nature of social networks and the advent of advanced machine learning techniques, including generative models such as GPT and diffusion models, have facilitated the propagation of rumors, posing challenges to society. Detecting and countering these rumors to mitigate their adverse effects on individuals and society is imperative. Automatic rumor detection, typically framed as a binary classification problem, predominantly relies on supervised machine learning models, necessitating substantial labeled data; yet, the scarcity of labeled datasets due to the high cost of fact-checking and annotation hinders the application of machine learning for rumor detection. In this study, we address this challenge through active learning. We assess various query strategies across different machine learning models and datasets in order to offer a comparative analysis. Our findings reveal that active learning reduces labeling time and costs while achieving comparable rumor detection performance. Furthermore, we advocate for the use of machine learning models with nonlinear classification boundaries on complex environmental datasets for more effective rumor detection.
Analysis of the Risk of Coastal Flooding Due to Rising Sea Levels in Ría of Arosa (Pontevedra, Spain)
Authors: Nieto Carlos E. , Martínez-Graña Antonio Miguel , Encinas Belén
Published: November 2023

In this study, an analysis of coastal vulnerability and flood risk due to sea-level rise was conducted in the southern margin of the Ría of Arosa, Pontevedra (Spain), which is an area of urban impact and tourist activity. The vulnerability index was calculated using the following parametric maps: lithology, geomorphology, slope, elevation, distance, coastline change, significant wave height, sea level, and extreme tidal range. This vulnerability index was validated through the results obtained from the flood risk analysis, developed for different temporal and extreme scenarios (Xa—present, Xb—100 years, Xc—500 years, Xd—1000 years, Xe—storm, and Xf—tsunami). These analyses were performed using Geographic Information System and remote sensing techniques, spatial analysis, interpolation processes, and geostatistical analysis. The results of the analysis show the vulnerable areas and areas at high risk of coastal flooding, with the urbanized area exposed to a risk of 7.45 km2. Thus, this study contributes to designing appropriate management for the coastline of the southern margin of the Ría of Arosa in the event of a flood.
Malicious Office Macro Detection: Combined Features with Obfuscation and Suspicious Keywords
Authors: Chen Xiang , Wang Wenbo , Han Weitao
Published: November 2023

Microsoft has implemented several measures to defend against macro viruses, including the use of the Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI) and automatic macro blocking. Nevertheless, evidence shows that threat actors have found ways to bypass these mechanisms. As a result, phishing emails continue to utilize malicious macros as their primary attack method. In this paper, we analyze 77 obfuscation features from the attacker’s perspective and extract 46 suspicious keywords in macros. We first combine the aforementioned two types of features to train machine learning models on a public dataset. Then, we conduct the same experiment on a self-constructed dataset consisting of newly discovered samples, in order to verify if our proposed method can identify previously unseen malicious macros. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to existing methods, our proposed method has a higher detection rate and better consistency. Furthermore, ensemble multi-classifiers with distinct feature selection can further enhance the detection performance.
Analyzing Data Reference Characteristics of Deep Learning Workloads for Improving Buffer Cache Performance
Authors: Lee Jeongha , Bahn Hyokyung
Published: November 2023

Due to the recent growing data size of deep learning workloads, loading data from storage is increasingly becoming a performance bottleneck for neural network systems. In this article, we analyze the data reference characteristics of neural network workloads and observe that they are significantly different from conventional desktop workloads. In particular, during the training phase of deep learning, data blocks are referenced in a fully random manner, which significantly degrades the performance of a buffer cache. To handle this situation, this article suggests a new data shuffling scheme that aims to accelerate data loading in deep neural networks. Unlike the default shuffling method used in PyTorch that randomly shuffles full dataset in every epoch, the proposed scheme defines a shuffling unit called bundle, and enhances the locality of data references to improve buffer cache performances. Specifically, the proposed scheme performs data shuffling by the unit of a bundle, and the bundles used in each epoch are arranged alternately, thereby improving the locality of references at the viewpoint of the buffer cache. Based on simulation and measurement studies, we show that the hit rate of the buffer cache is improved by 37.2%, and the data loading time is also shortened by 11.4% without degrading the model’s training efficiency.
Development of a Multi-Suspension Unit for Solar Cleaning Robots to Mitigate Vibration Impact on Photovoltaic Panels
Authors: Le Nhut Thang , Nguyen Minh Duc , Phan Trung Dat , Truong Cong Toai , Duong Van Tu , Nguyen Huy Hung , Nguyen Tan Tien
Published: November 2023

Numerous studies about solar panel cleaning robot (SPCR) have been conducted globally to enhance the performance of photovoltaic panels (PV panels). However, there is a reality: scant attention has been paid to the large pressure and vibration that SPCR movements induce, not only on the photovoltaic panel surface but also on the mounting structure. Most of the research is focused on evaluating the “cleanliness” of the PV surface by using a clearing robot or the effects of natural factors (wind, dust, etc.) on the PV panels. Nonetheless, the large pressure and vibration constitute one of the primary factors contributing to the degradation of photovoltaic panel longevity and efficiency, especially affecting poorly installed PV arrays. To address these issues, this study proposes the design of a multi-suspension unit for the SPCRs equipped with track-wheeled, which might reduce vibration on the PV panel surface generated by the SPCRs’ motion and brushing action during operation. The multi-suspension unit facilitates the expansion of the contact area between the track-wheeled and the PV panel surface; hence, the negative effect is reduced owing to the vibration-absorbing properties of the rubber track pads. In the case of a static SPCR state, with only the impact of rotating brushes on vibration, the effectiveness of the multi-suspension unit can reduce vibration by a maximum of 72.63. Moreover, a metric (Δz) is proposed to evaluate the change in deflection of PV panels over time. The results show that the number of significant changes in PV panel deflection gradually decreases or disappears, while the number of small changes increases. In the case of SPCR operating on portrait PV modules, the number of occurrences of Δz (greater than 0.5 mm) is reduced from 18 counts to 5 counts, while the number of occurrences of Δz (less than 0.5 mm) increased from 61 counts to 91 counts. Overall, the proposed multi-system suspension is effective in reducing or eliminating large deflections while keeping the vibration frequency constant.
Investigation into the Influence of Stress Conditions on the Permeability Characteristics of Weakly Cemented Sandstone
Authors: Zhen Wenyuan , Liu Honglin , Chi Mingbo , Liu Xinyong , Cao Wenxiang , Chen Zhiwen
Published: November 2023

This study, conducted in the geological context of the Yixin coalfield, systematically performed indoor mechanical tests to analyze the impact of different stress conditions on the permeability of weakly cemented sandstone. The results were used to establish numerical simulations of permeability curves, revealing the following key findings. (1) After saturation, weakly cemented sandstone transitions from brittle to plastic failure. Numerical simulations closely matched experimental results, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent permeability simulations using the Hoek–Brown method. (2) Indoor permeability experiments identified a unique “√” shaped permeability curve for weakly cemented sandstone, differing from traditional sandstone. Numerical simulations confirmed this pattern and provided a basis for modeling weakly cemented strata under varying confining pressures. (3) The mesoscopic analysis of numerical simulation shows that that confining pressure limits the expansion of microcracks, while pore pressure causes cracks to develop from high- to low-pressure areas. Increasing pore pressure gradually raises permeability, and elevated confining pressure initially reduces, then increases permeability. (4) A damage parameter “D” was introduced to monitor fractures during compression simulations, showing that with increasing confining pressure, the damage parameter decreases and then sharply increases. Hydraulic pressure differentials directly correlated with the damage. This comprehensive study enhances our understanding of weakly cemented sandstone’s hydrological behavior under varying stress conditions and parameters.
Improved Chimp Optimization Algorithm for Matching Combinations of Machine Tool Supply and Demand in Cloud Manufacturing
Authors: Pu Ruiqiang , Li Shaobo , Zhou Peng , Yang Guilin
Published: November 2023

Cloud manufacturing is a current trend in traditional manufacturing enterprises. In this environment, manufacturing resources and manufacturing capabilities are allocated to corresponding services through appropriate scheduling, while research on the production shop floor focuses on realizing a basic cloud manufacturing model. However, the complexity and diversity of tasks in the shop floor supply and demand matching environment can lead to difficulties in finding the optimal solution within a reasonable time period. To address this problem, a basic model for dynamic scheduling and allocation of workshop production resources in a cloud-oriented environment is established, and an improved Chimp optimization algorithm is proposed. To ensure the accuracy of the solution, two key improvements to the ChOA are proposed to solve the problem of efficient and accurate matching combinations of tasks and resources in the cloud manufacturing environment. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the improved ChOA (SDChOA) using a comparative study with various algorithms and show that it can solve the workshop supply and demand matching combination problem and obtain the optimal solution quickly.
Climate Change and the Dung Beetle: Evaluation of Global Warming Impact on the Distribution of Phyllognathus excavatus (Forster, 1771) through the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Fatah Adel Mamoun A. , Zalat Samy , Elbanna Shereen M. , Al-Khalaf Areej A. , Nasser Mohamed
Published: November 2023

Climate change poses a significant threat to ecosystems, food security, and human well-being. This study focuses on the Phyllognathus excavatus beetle, an important insect species in the Mediterranean region with ecological importance in nature recycling of organic wastes. The aim of this study is to assess its current habitat suitability and predict its distribution under future climate scenarios. The beetle’s occurrence records were gathered and climate information, including 19 bioclimatic variables, was retrieved from the Global Biodiversity Informatic Facility (GBIF) and WorldClim depository, respectively. The MaxEnt algorithm was used to calculate habitat appropriateness using geographic information systems (GISs) and species distribution modeling (SDM) with an accuracy of 0.907 using the AUC test. The findings show that the annual mean temperature is the most important factor, with the beetle flourishing in temperatures between 13.9 and 19.1 °C. The distribution is greatly impacted by the mean temperature of the warmest quarter. Future projections using different climate scenarios suggest potential changes in the beetle’s distribution. By integrating climate data and occurrence records, this study provides insights into the vulnerability of Phyllognathus excavatus to climate change and identifies regions where its habitat may be at risk as 81% of its current habitat will be lost. The research helps to prioritize efforts to reduce the harmful effects of climate change on insect biodiversity and to design effective conservation strategies. Overall, this study advances our knowledge of the Phyllognathus excavatus beetle’s present and projected distribution patterns in the Mediterranean region under the influence of climate change. It illustrates the significance of taking into account how climate change would affect insect populations and the use of SDM and GIS tools for researching and protecting insect biodiversity.
Adhesion and Sliding Constitutive Relationship between Basalt–Polypropylene Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Steel Bars
Authors: Wen Bo , Gao Guanyi , Huang Ding , Zheng Hongyu
Published: November 2023

The extreme marine environment of the South China Sea Islands, which features high temperatures, high humidity levels and high salt levels, seriously affects the safety of building structures. The durability of concrete can be significantly improved by adding a basalt–polypropylene hybrid fiber, but its bonding mechanism with deformed bars is complicated. Therefore, the bonding performance of hybrid basalt–polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete and deformed bars was studied by combining experiments and a theoretical analysis. We designed 38 groups of different concrete strengths, different thicknesses of concrete covers, different anchor lengths and different diameters of rebars. The bond strengths, bond–sliding curves and failure forms of each pull specimen were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the failure forms and bond–slip curves of the basalt–polypropylene hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete specimens and the ordinary concrete specimens were essentially the same. Based on the results of the axial tensile tests, an ultimate bond strength prediction model was developed, and a bond–sliding constitutive model for hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete and steel bars was also established.
Snow Load Shape Coefficients and Snow Prevention Method for Stepped Flat Roofs
Authors: Zhang Zhibo , Ma Wenyong , Li Qiang , Li Sai
Published: November 2023

Excessive snow load and nonuniform snow deposition are the main factors leading to building collapses. The snow load shape coefficient represents the dimensionless snow load, and its value is related to the unbalanced distribution of snow. The snow load shape coefficients for stepped flat roofs vary greatly in the codes of different regions, which always leads to underestimation of snow loads. We need a widely used standard for snow load shape coefficients. Therefore, through a combination of field measurements and numerical simulations, this study probes the snow accumulation processes and snow load shape coefficients on stepped flat roofs and proposes an equation to calculate snow load shape coefficients and the optimal slope of snow protection for lower roofs. It is found that the maximum snow load shape coefficient emerges at the roof junction with a value of 3.44. The nonuniform length of the snow accumulation is equal to two times the level difference. Based on these, the equation of the snow load shape coefficients is summarized, which is combined with the discrepancies between different codes and the regularity of snow distributions. In this study, the dynamic grid technology under the Eulerian framework is used to successfully predict snow accumulation on stepped flat roofs, and it is noted that snow erosion and deposition are closely related to the location and size of vortexes. Finally, we consider that the ideal slope for the lower roof to prevent snow should be 11°.
Food Microbiology: Dairy Products’ Microbiota
Authors: Tzora Athina
Published: November 2023

The examination of dairy products involves the application of omics approaches to screen varied collections of microorganisms [...]
Research on a Decoupling Algorithm for the Dual-Deformable-Mirrors Correction System
Authors: Liang Jingyuan , Wang Hairong , Han Meimiao , Ke Xizheng
Published: November 2023

Wavefront distortion caused by atmospheric turbulence can be described as different types of aberrations, such as piston, tilt, defocusing, astigmatism, coma and so on. The operation of dual deformable mirrors can have mutual coupling effects, which affect the correction effect of wavefront distortion. This study combines a fast-steering mirror (FSM) and a deformable mirror (DM) to form a dual-deformable-mirrors wavefront correction system, and proposes a decoupling algorithm that can correct any specified aberration. In this decoupling algorithm, both the FSM and the DM are controlled using the mode method, and the specific corrected aberrations are obtained based on a limited matrix. The compensation ability of the DM is directly characterized by the mode coefficients of the aberrations, which can achieve independent correction of any order of aberrations and effectively reduce the coupling effect of the dual-deformable-mirrors wavefront correction system. An adaptive optical dual-deformable-mirrors wavefront correction system experiment was built to verify the decoupling algorithm. When the DM corrects the 3rd-, 10th-, and 25th-order aberrations, and the FSM only corrects the 1st- and 2nd-order aberrations, the coupling coefficients are approximately 1.17×10−3, 1.814×10−2 and 7.81×10−3, respectively, and their magnitude reaches 10−2 and below 10−2, respectively. The experimental results show that the decoupling algorithm can effectively suppress the coupling effect between the FSM and the DM.
The Benefit of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Beneficial Soil Bacteria in Drought Exposed Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) Is Genotype and Environment Dependent
Authors: Kojić Antonija , Marković Monika , Marček Tihana , Velić Natalija , Lojková Lea , Atilgan Atilgan , Japundžić-Palenkić Božica
Published: November 2023

Morphological and biochemical responses were assessed in an iceberg (GIL) and butterhead (GBL) lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) treated with commercially available soluble preparation of mycorrhizal fungi and beneficial soil bacteria (MT) grown in three irrigation treatments considered in greenhouse (continental Croatia, 2022): I100—control treatment (100% volumetric water content—VWC); I80—80% VWC, moderate drought and I60—60% VWC, severe drought), in two growing cycles. MT was applied during lettuce drought-sensitive stages, i.e., transplanting and heading. Study results show that MT improved lettuce growth-related traits, yet the results are genotype and growing-cycle dependent. The beneficial effect of MT was also noted for root length, weight, and diameter which confirms the mycorrhizal role in improving the plant water uptake. Both lettuce genotypes responded to water deficit by overproduction of MDA and proline content, whereby the response of tested variables was growing cycle and genotype-specific. Both genotypes in severe drought treatment (MT-I60) responded with higher MDA in the first growing cycle and lower MDA content in the second growing cycle. MT-I60 treatment reduced proline accumulation in GBH in both growing cycles, while increased accumulation in GIL during the second growing cycle. The responses of lettuce to MT are genotype-specific and shaped by environmental conditions.
Inspection for Voids in the Grout below the Protective Duct of an External Post-Tensioning Bridge Tendon Using a THz A-Scanner
Authors: Yee Dae-Su , Yahng Ji Sang , Cho Seung Hyun
Published: November 2023

Grout voids in the tendons of a post-tensioning bridge reduce their strength. Grout voids are also severe flaws causing corrosion of the steel strands in the tendons. Detecting voids during construction and operation of the tendons is essential to prevent tendon failure, which is critical to bridge safety. This study presents a method for inspecting external tendons for voids in the grout below the protective duct pipe using terahertz electromagnetic waves. Due to low attenuation in the high-density polyethylene duct and the large reflectivity difference between the duct/grout and the duct/void interfaces, terahertz waves are suitable for detecting voids in the grout inside tendons. For this study, we developed a mobile frequency-domain terahertz A-scanner that can be used to measure terahertz A-scan data in real time. It is shown that the mobile terahertz A-scanner can be used to assess the area of the grout void in external bridge tendons.
The State of the Art of Biomechanics Applied in Ergonomic Furniture Design
Authors: Liu Yan , Hu Wengang , Kasal Ali , Erdil Yusuf Ziya
Published: November 2023

Furniture as a functional object must satisfy both artistic and scientific requirements. In particular, ergonomic factors are very important in furniture design in terms of human health and productivity. To make furniture designs at the ideal intersection of science and art, it is necessary to approach furniture design with a scientific systematic. Accordingly, this paper summarizes and analyzes the current state of biomechanics in ergonomic furniture design, covering an overview of the biomechanics utilized in different types of furniture design, biomechanical analysis, and testing methods. In the conclusion of the study, the literature analysis identifies the key topics and areas of future exploration regarding the use of biomechanics in ergonomic furniture design. The findings of the review indicate that (1) the primary studies on biomechanics used in furniture design concentrate on special furniture, such as wheelchairs and transportation vehicle seats, with minimal investigation performed on common furniture; (2) mechanical analysis, experimental testing, and computer-aided ergonomics represent the main techniques applied in furniture design biomechanics; (3) the reliability of biomechanics used in furniture design needs to be improved due to the lack of fundamental parameters of the muscles and skeleton of the human body; and (4) more attention should be paid to the use of biomechanics in the design of common furniture, such as household and office furniture, which affects people’s health and comfort. The scientific and rational application of biomechanics should be integrated into ergonomic furniture design to promote healthy living and enhance work efficiency.
Intersatellite and Downlink Agile Attitude Maneuvers
Authors: Posani Massimo , Pontani Mauro , Gasbarri Paolo
Published: November 2023

This research is focused on the problem of agile attitude maneuvering, aimed at the precise pointing of a satellite forming a typical constellation in low Earth orbit. We consider two different operational scenarios: (a) pointing toward a specific ground station, located on the Earth surface (for downlink data routing), and (b) pointing toward a companion satellite (for establishing an intersatellite connection). The two preceding operational requirements can both be formulated as attitude tracking problems. In this study, we use an inertia-free nonlinear attitude control algorithm based on rotation matrices and possessing remarkable stability properties, in conjunction with a pyramidal array of single-gimbal control momentum gyroscopes. Numerical simulations, in both nominal and nonnominal flight conditions, demonstrate that the attitude control architecture proposed in this work is effective for the purpose of performing agile attitude maneuvering, aimed at precise pointing during downlink and intersat data routing.