bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of coriander Coriandrum sativum L. on parasitization behaviour of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Trichogrammatidae: Hymenoptera) in brinjal ecosystem
Authors: Manoj P. Dominic , Ravi G.
Published: July 2019

For the management of the brin-jal shoot and fruit borer augmentatory biocontrol using Trichogramma chilonis Ishii egg parasitoid is a viable option. Experiments conducted in the net house (pro tray technique) and field to study the effect of coriander on the parasitization, revealed that under free choice test, maximum numbers of parasitized eggs were observed in brinjal grown with coriander at 1:1 ratio (29.48 eggs/ card). Under no-choice condition the mean number of parasitized eggs recorded was 20.88 eggs per card observed in brinjal. In the field experiment using sentinel egg card technique no statistical difference in parasitoid performance between the sole crop and intercropped plot was observed. In this studies (field experiments) clearly indicate that there is no significant effect of coriander on parasitisation of T. chilonis, though the results were promising in the green house. The probable reason for this may be due to influence of climate factors like wind direction, temperature and RH.
First record of body colour polymorphism in giant African snail Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822) - a comparative study using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene
Authors: Vijayan Keerthy , Sakthivel R. Sugantha , Sajeev T.V.
Published: July 2019

The presence of the body colour polymorphism in the tropical invasive pest giant African snail is reported for the first time from South India. Three different body colour polymorphs were recognised viz. grey, black and white. The grey body colour is the most common polymorph. The black and white colour polymorphs are found to be in almost equal proportions in the reported localities with the grey counterparts. The cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of the three colour polymorphs are found to be identical. The presence of the body colour polymorphism in south India may be attributed to the avian predation and other selection pressures.
APLIKASI RUNNING TEXT BERUPA JADWAL SHOLAT 5 WAKTU PADA MUSHOLLA POLMAN NEGERI BANGKA BELITUNG
Authors: Febriansyah Aan , Iskandar Iskandar , Cahyawan Bayu , Negara Dian Kusuma
Published: July 2019

In Islam, prayer is an obligation that must be carried out by any of its adherents who already qualified. In one day and one night there are five time prayers, namely Isya, Dawn, Noon, Asr and Maghrib. One of the greatest deeds reward is prayer in congregation at mosques or mosque at the time it was signed in prayer. Usually several mosques or mosque own marker arrival time of prayer are created automatically, making it easier for the muezzin to call the adhan. However it was still a small fraction. There are still many mosques or mosques who do not have means of automatic prayer time this marker. For that know the times of prayer 5 times a day is very important for any religion in the Islamic prayer run the 5 time period with a precise and well. To that end pointer prayer schedule is very important that there. So now many mosques or in homes that are usually already contained a calendar and prayer time enduring performer, but it looks very small so it cannot be seen from a distance. Based on that experience and the importance of this, the authors do make the viewer prayer time in real time that can change with the change of the day, and can be seen from a considerable distance. So that it can function more optimally and can maximize the time available.
IPTEK UNTUK KELOMPOK USAHA ANEKA ROTI DAN KUE DI BANGKA BELITUNG
Authors: . Sukanto , Andi Zulfan Yus , Oktriadi Yudi , Budi Abdul
Published: July 2019

In recent days, the bread and cake for most Indonesian people have been used as a meal replacement or substitute for the staple food. Required good planning and management in order to meet the customer demand, the customer fulfillment both in quantity and in quality, especially in the operational management of production processes. These activities aimed to assist the partners in developing their business. The methods and procedures applied in the first stage is to survey the problems of the partners, the second stage of the design and analysis of alternative dispute resolution solutions partners. Furthermore, the third phase-grant program implemented as a solution to the problems faced by each partner. Service activities has been giving grants to the first partner in the form of mixer machine, oven, counter display case and the second partner giving grant heating chocolate machine and repair mixer machine with a capacity of 9 Kg. Besides the two partners are also given training related to maintenance machinery and entrepreneurship. This service activities have an impact on first partner is number of asset’s increased up to 2.7-fold, speeds production increased by two times and followed by an increasing number of customers, and product sale also increased by two times compared to the previous. While in both partners, this event has helped to produce the information concerning the identification of base problems so that it can be used as a reference for improved planning and management development efforts.
MESIN PENCETAK STIK BENTUK AKAR KELAPA
Authors: Kurniawan Zaldy , . Hariyanto , Setyanto Findra , . Rapiansah , . Zulkipli
Published: July 2019

Besides getas and kemplang, one snack which most people like in Bangka Island isa a snack with the form of a palm tree roots. The craftsmen who manufacture these sticks derived from Pangkalpinang. The results of the survey on the Small Industries (IKM) in the District Gerunggang show that theproduction process sticks using manual equipment/manpower. To overcome the problems of IKM, hence the researcher designed to facilitate the molding machine in the production process and speed up production so as to produce a better capacity of production by using the manual method. The methodused in this research is to design and calculation by using computing devices Solidwork. This stick molding machine uses a mechanism that rotates a threaded shaft, then an emphasis on the dough so that these products can be pushed toward the output. From the experimental results the output of this machine is the root of the stick-shaped palm with a size 100x5 mm, output 500 gram / 5 minutes by the number of ± 80-100 grains stick.
Analisa Kenyamanan Kendaraan Multiguna Pedesaan Pada Kekasaran Jalan Iso 8608
Authors: Pranandita Nanda
Published: July 2019

The vehicle suspension system is an important part to minimize the vibration of the vehicle caused by road unevenness. The classification of the road surface in this study is based on the classification of road roughness "Good" according to ISO 8606. The analysis of passive suspension system in this research may explain the frequency response which is received by the motorists while driving. The full car model with 1 DOF riders used in this study, simulated by using the numerical simulation software. The frequency response analysis is done on the vertical movement of the driver. Based on the analysis performed, the highest acceleration of 2.375 m / s2 at a frequency of 3.258 Hz. This value indicates the condition of "Uncomfortable" based on the table of ISO 2631. This condition will cause the rider toexperience dizziness, therefore it is strongly advised motorists to avoid frequencies below 7 Hz.
Penerapan Advanced Pid Tuning Pada Plant Yang Critically Stable: Height Levitation Pingpong Ball
Authors: Nugraha M Iqbal , Febriansyah Aan , Khoiri A F , Pratama D
Published: July 2019

PID controller is the most popular feedback controller in industry. It has been known that PID controller is capable to provide a good control performance despite having a simple algorithm and easy to understand. However, the most common problem of using this control system is that it is difficult to stipulate the most appropriate constants to each controller or tuning. This project implemented advanced PID tuning which involves several tuning methods to acquire best performance on system or plant which is volatile or critically stable such as controlling height levitation pingpong ball. The tuning methods used and compared were Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) and Chien-Hrones-Reswick (CHR). Tuning process and monitoring were performed in real time using Simulink-Arduino. Based on experimental result, CHR method gave better performance compared to ZN method. ZN resulted in overshoot, rise time, settling time, and steady state error of 48%, 0.85s, 3.8s, and ±2cm respectively, while CHR method resulted in overshoot, rise time, settling time, and steady state error of 14%, 1.15s, 1.4s, and ±1cm respectively.
Pengaruh Secondary Aging Treatment Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Dan Surface Glossiness Pada Aluminium Paduan 7003
Authors: Ramli Ramli
Published: July 2019

As technology advances and the quality of life improves, there is a deep need that requires of aluminium alloy that bears high strength, high toughness, high surface glossiness, anti-corrosion, and high fatigue resistivity [2]. This study aims to investigate the effects of secondary aging treatment on the mechanical properties and Surface Glossiness of the 7003 aluminium alloy by using several equipment, including: confocal laser microscope, white light interferometer, gloss meter, micro Vickers hardness tester and tensile test machine. This research was conducted by experimental method by giving treatment on the aluminium alloy 7003 with some treatments, there are: aging treatment at 100?C for 5 hours and then secondary aging treatment at several different temperatures at 150?C, 175?C and 200?C for 9 hours respectively. Based on our experimental results, it obtained: After being aged at 100 ? for 5 hours and then secondary aged at 175? for 9 hours, the 7003 aluminium alloy obtained excellent mechanical properties, which can achieve the industrial requirements of Yield strength 320 MPa and Elongation 13% for 3C mobile phone products. The 7003 aluminium alloy after being anodizing treated could obtain excellent Surface Glossiness and oxidation layer. The present aluminium alloy can achieve Surface Glossiness better than 1200 GU and the thickness of oxidation layer exceed 10?m, which were suitable for 3C industrial applications.
Analisis Pengaruh Moment Gyroscope Pada Keseimbangan Pendulum Cartessian
Authors: Nugraha Muhammad Iqbal , Hartati J , Afridani W , Masdani Masdani
Published: July 2019

Crane is identical to the pendulum in term of its control mechanism. Based on modelling, these two devices are very similar and therefore, the pendulum can be used as a prototype for controlling a crane. This research aims to control the balance or to reduce the swing on the pendulum by utilizing the moment of gyroscope with a mass pendulum up to 1.5 kg. Gyroscope was designed and made in the form of a disc, in which dimensions and materials used were determined according to the desired moment force. The PID controller was used to control the speed of gyroscope based on the angle of the pendulum (?). Based on the results of the experiment, it was obtained that the resulting settling time was 2.29 times faster than without control in average. The overshoot and rise time resulted by the system using gyroscope were very similar to the system which is without gyroscope. However, the steady state error was totally eliminated. It can be concluded that the moment of gyroscope is able to be used for controlling the pendulum or crane.
Mobile Robot Dengan Pengontrolan Perintah Suara Berbasis Android
Authors: Sulistyo Eko
Published: July 2019

Control of mobile robot manually using remote control connected with cable has constraints that limited space of robot movement. For that developed mobile robot control system using bluetooth communication. The purpose of this research is to create a mobile robot control system through wireless communication using voice command instruction via application on Android using microcontroller type Arduino Mega2560. The methodology in this research is the voice instruction will be recorded by the application on Android, then matched with the database and then converted into characters in the form of strings and sent via bluetooth transmitter on Android to bluetooth receiver on mobile robot to be executed by program made on microcontroller robot. The results obtained include mobile robot can move to follow voice command instruction that is given include command forward, backward, turn left and right only for one movement while in test result got error of movement equal to 1.55% with response time 4-7 second because the process of recording and translation of voice instructions on Android and also influenced by noise or other sounds that are not desired.
Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Untuk Eksplorasi Bawah Air Di Lingkungan Industri Perkapalan
Authors: Septian R A , Rahmania A , Nugraha M I , Yudhi Yudhi
Published: July 2019

Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) is one of the robots that are being developed in Indonesia for exploring underwater potential. In this final project, the ROV was designed and controlled by Arduino for diving underwater with maximum depth of 30 meters. The application of ROV is that to take pictures and record video of underwater environment in real time by using camera monitored through a PC. The construction and the electronics device of the ROV were made waterproof. The actuator used was bilge pump motor 1100GPH 12 Volt as thruster motor. The thruster driver used was a two channel-relay and the vision system of robot was a CCD camera. Based on the results, it was obtained that the ROV was able to move according to the commands provided by operator using a remote control. At three meters depth, the robot can move forward with average speed of 0.161m/s. For up and down movement at 3 meters depth, the robot can go up with average speed of 0.09 m/s and down with average speed of 0.17 m/s. From the data, it can be concluded that the ROV can maneuver and use the camera properly.
Implementasi Kincir Angin Savonius 2 Tingkat Menggunakan Generator Magnet Permanen
Authors: Lianda Jefri , Amri Hikmatul
Published: July 2019

This paper focuses on improving the performance of a two-tiered windmill savonius to generate electricity through a permanent magnet generator. This study used an experimental method, taking into account the number and angle of the wind turbine Savonius two levels. The study was conducted at wind speed conditions of about 2.85 m / s to 6.42 m / s. Dimensions of windshield savonius blades with a width of 45 cm and a height of 50 cm. The wind turbine is installed with a height of 3.5 meters from the ground. This study uses a gearbox with a ratio of 1: 3.This study produces a maximum power of 95 watts. The average voltage generated 13.75 volts AC to 19.52 volts AC. The energy supplied to the battery uses a battery charger control (BCR).
Tinjauan Performansi Bubut Doll LT13 Terhadap Penyimpangan Kebulatan Benda Kerja
Authors: Ariyanto Ariyanto , Husman Husman , Dharta Yuli
Published: July 2019

The industry manufacture with high quality and able to pruduce the workpicece with high quality In industry manufacture are very necessary. The use of high quality machines should be supported by the ability to operate and the ability to perform maintenance, this ability is useful to maintain the condition of the machine in order to produce good quality workpieces. Politeknik Manufaktur Negeri Bangka Belitung has several high quality machine tools, one type of machine tools usually use is lathe machine doall LT13 with total have six units. this machine Used to support education and to produce spare parts. Doall LT13 lathes have been used for 22 years, during that period there may be deviation of machine geometry, deviations that occur can lead to decreased quality of the resulting workpiece. This study aims to determine the feasibility of the machine by measuring the roundness of the spicemen of the process of turning, the roundness of the specimen is analyzed by using the minimum circle method. From the roundness testing performed on the doall lt 13 the result? that can be achieved as follows 0,082 mm at lathe number 8, 0,073 mm at lathe number 5, 0,057 mm at lathe number 7, 0,051 mm at lathe? number 2, 0,048 mm at lathe number 6 and 0,046 mm at lathe number 3.
Rancang Bangun Media Bantu Pemeriksa Penyimpangan Pada Poros
Authors: Napitupulu Robert , Rodika Rodika , Arif Febrian , Romario4 M , Febrianti Reni
Published: July 2019

Machine Improvement Element (PEM) is one of the competencies that must be possessed by students Polytechnic Manufacturing of Bangka Belitung (PolmanBabel), in the hope that the students can repair the damage of machine element such as the shaft, peg, gear and thread well. Currently the process of repairing the engine element is constrained in the inspection tools of mesi element improvement such as the shaft. This study aims to design auxiliary media for aberration checks on the axis and can examine alignment and alignment deviations on axis. The stages of this research starts from the collection of data and information, then designing tools, making tools, assembling, and testing. Based on the results of design and testing of the aberration check axis on the axis obtained the magnitude of averages 0.23mm and the magnitude of deviation celery averages of 0.12.
Zn(II) and Ag(I) complexes of N-allythioamides of pyrimidinyl (cyclohexenyl) carboxylic acids and products their proton- and iodocyclization
Authors: Borovyk Polina , Litvinchuk Mariia , Bentya Anton , Orysyk Svitlana , Zborovskiy Yurii , Slyvka Nataliia
Published: July 2019

The possibility of using N-allylcarbothioamide derivatives as well as products of their iodine- and proton-initiated electrophilic heterocyclizations as chelating agents in complexation reactions with Zn(II) and Ag(I) ions is shown. Processing of the obtained experimental data showed that N-allythioamides of pyrimidinyl (cyclohexenyl) carboxylic acids H2L1 – H2L3 and their proton- and iodo-cyclization products HL4, HL5 containing four nucleophilic reaction centers (two oxygen atoms of the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups and N-, S-carbothioamide groups or N-atoms of the dihydrothiazole moiety) are polydentate ligands capable of coordinating with metal ions to form stable six-membered chelate metallocycles.

A series of new chelating mono-, bi- and polynuclear complexes Zn(II) and Ag (I) of the composition [Zn2L1,32]n, [Zn2(HL1-3)2(CH3COO)2], [Ag2(HL1,3)2]n, [Zn(HL1-3)2], [Ag(H2L3)2NO3], [Zn(HL4,5)2], K[Ag(HL4,5)2] were synthesized and isolated in solid state. Their molecular structure was established by methods of elemental chemical analysis, NMR 1H, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.

At a ratio of M:L 1:2, complexes were isolated in which two ligand molecules H2L1 − H2L3 are coordinated to the metal ion by the sulfur atoms of the carbothioamide group and the oxygen of the mono-deprotonated hydroxyl group. It was established that the products of the proton-/iodocyclization HL4, HL5 in the complex formation pass into the thione tautomeric form with coordination through the oxygen atoms of the deprotonated hydroxyl group and nitrogen atoms of the dihydrothiazole heterocycle. At M:L 1:1, binuclear or polynuclear coordination compounds are formed. It was shown that polymerisation in complexes [Zn2L1,32]n and [Ag2(HL1,3)2]n is due to the formation of Zn−(O2SN)−Zn and Ag−O−Ag polymer chains.

Investigation of the solubility of the resulting complexes showed that the polymer complexes are weakly soluble or insoluble in DMSO, DMF, while the mononuclear are soluble in methanol, as well as in water.
Germanium determination in environmental object by the method of mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma
Authors: Ponomarenko Olexandr , Samchuk Anatolyi , Vovk Kateryna , Shvaika Igor , Grodzinskaya Ganna
Published: July 2019

The analytical technologies of sample preparation of rocks and mushrooms using the microwave field for the determination of germanium by the method of mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS analysis) have been developed.
Germanium is a rare element. Germanium is homology of silicon and carbon. To date, the definition of low content of germanium in geological objects is a rather complex analytical task, which requires its concentration - extraction, co-precipitation, ion exchange. At present, the harmonious combination of the method of natural objects decomposition in the microwave field and germanium determination using ICP-MS analysis is particularly promising.
Sample preparation of silicate rocks for ICP-MS determination of germanium was carried out by decomposition in a mixture of hydrofluoric, phosphate and nitric acids (5: 5: 2) in a microwave oven program at 240°C for 30 min. Sample preparation of mushrooms for ICP-MS germanium determination was carried out according to the following scheme. Initially, the dried sample was sealed in the presence of CaO, after dissolving it in a mixture of HNO3+HF+H3PO4 (6:6:1). Ge solution was extracted by Nazarenko V.A. extraction method. The developed analytical schemes have made it possible to significantly reduce the duration and labor intensity of sample preparation. The obtained solutions were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.
The developed method for determining germanium by ICP-MS analysis has been successfully tested on standard rock samples. The obtained results are in accordance with the accepted attribute, the relative standard deviation Sr ranges from 0.7-0.9.
The data on the content and distribution of germanium in the Boletales fungi are obtained. They indicate wild mushrooms contain high levels of germanium, especially Boletus and Mushroom biospores. These studies are necessary because the essential properties of germanium and its compounds attract special attention of scientists today. Complementary Ge compounds which have hypotensive, bactericidal, antiviral and antitumor effects have already been synthesized.
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF NEW N-ACYL DERIVATIVES OF ANTHRANILIC ACID
Authors: Slobodianiuk Oksana , Berezhnytska Oleksandra , Kamens'ka Tetyana , Русакова Мария
Published: July 2019

A series of N-acyl derivatives of anthranil (or o -aminobenzoic acid) was first synthesized, namely 2-(4-octylbenzamido)benzoic acid, 2-(4-(heptyloxy)- benzamido)benzoic acid, 2-(4-(heptylsulfanyl)benz-amido)benzoic acid. 2-(4-octylbenzamido)benzoic acid was synthesized in five stages of octylbenzene, by acylating chloride acid using a Friedie-Crafts reaction. 2-(4-(heptyloxy)benzamido)benzoic acid was prepared from the methyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid which, at the first stage, was activated with 1-bromoheptane in acetonitrile with potassium carbonate and catalytic amount of sodium iodide at heating. After that, hydrolysis of the ester group by hydroxide in the methanol–water system was performed. Synthesis of 2-(4-(heptylsulfanyl)benzamido)benzoic acid was carried out from p-sulfanylbenzoic acid, which was activated with 1-bromoheptane, in a system of ethanol–water with sodium hydroxide. Chlorinated hydrides of acids were obtained by reaction of acids with chlorinated thionyl in benzene. Acylation of the tret-butyl ester of anthranilic acid with formed chlorohydrides was carried out in pyridine upon heating and in dichloromethane with triethylamine (as the base), and dimethylaminopyridine (catalyst).At the last stage of the synthesis of all derivatives, the hydrolysis of tret-butyl esters with trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane to the formation of terminal compounds took place.The composition and structure of the synthesized compounds were determined using NMR 1H, infrared spectroscopy. The shape and position of the bands in the IR absorption spectra of the synthesized anthranilic acid derivatives are shifted and splited in comparison with the parent acid due to the presence of a secondary amino group, an additional aromatic moiety, and a different nature of the substitutes in the para-position to the amino group. For all synthesized derivatives, the sensitivity of various morphological forms Candida albicans was determined. The influence of the test substances on the cells of the yeast fungus was determined for 24–48 hours using Saburo and Spider nutrient media with the  addition of mannitol. Compared with the already known influence of anthranilic acid on Candida albicans cells grown in Saburo nutrient medium for 24 hours, the compounds studied were more effective at all stages of cultivation. It has been shown that the synthetic derivatives studied are more active with respect to the cells in the biofilm composition, which consists of the yeast-like form of Candida albicans, than those cells that form a hyphal type biofilm. The yeast-like form of the Candida albicans cell is susceptible to synthetic derivatives. It is shown that the level of sensitivity of compounds 1-3 is higher in 4-6 times compared with anthranilic acid. Glyphs have been found to be more susceptible to the effects of the compounds studied than Е yeast cells of Candida albicans
OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANES COMBINING AZO- AND FLUORESCENT DYES IN ORGANIC SHELL
Authors: Gumenna Mariana , Klimenko Nina , Stryutsky Alexandr , Shevchuk Alexandr , Kravchenko Viktor , Kravchenko Alexandr , Shevchenko Valery
Published: July 2019

A method for the synthesis of reactive oligomeric silsesquioxanes, combining fragments of azo dye 4-(phenylazo)phenol and fluorescent dye Rhodamine B in various proportions in an organic shell was developed. These compounds were obtained by the reaction between the oligosilsesquioxane nanoparticles consisting of a mixture of linear, branched, ladder and polyhedral structures with epoxy groups in an organic frame (OSS–Ep) and the dyes. The structure of the synthesized substances was characterized by the methods of IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The UV-Vis spectra of OSS–Pp–Rh in DMF solution contain absorption bands characteristic of both acidic (560 and 350 nm) and lactone (in the range of 318–326 nm) forms of Rhodamine B. The absorption band of 4-(phenylazo) phenol fragments corresponding to π−π* transition is observed at 348 nm and overlaps the absorption band of Rhodamine B at 350 nm.The intensity of the absorption bands of fragments of various dyes depends on their content in organic frame of the silsesquioxane core. The intensity of the absorption bands at 348 nm and at 560 nm increases with an increase in the content of 4-(phenylazo)phenol and Rhodamine B correspondingly.It should be noted that when using DMF as a solvent the absorption band corresponding to acidic form of Rhodamine B at 560 nm in the UV-Vis spectra of the compounds obtained is more intense than similar band in the spectrum of the original Rhodamine B. Therefore, the attachment of Rhodamine B to the silsesquioxane core of oligomeric silsesquioxanes mixture does not have a significant effect on the position of absorption maxima in the UV-spectrum and prevents dye’s fragments from converting to the colorless lactone form. In the fluorescence spectra of OSS–Pp–Rh obtained using DMF as a solvent a peak at λ max = 592 nm (λex= 520 nm) is observed. The position of the fluorescence peak and its intensity in the spectra at the same optical density of the medium practically do not depend on the ratio of fragments of 4-(phenylazo)phenol and Rhodamine B in organic frame of OSS–Pp–Rh.  The combination of two different chromophores in organic shell of the silsesquioxane core broadens the range of absorbed light and the change of their ratio allows to adjust the absorption intensity in a certain area. The presence of hydroxyl groups makes it possible to introduce the obtained compounds into the composition of polymeric organic-inorganic nanocomposites by covalent bonding.
Yoksunluk Endeksini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Ekonometrik Analizi
Authors: ZANBAK Mehmet
Published: July 2019

Yoksulluğu, gelir yanında sosyoekonomik değişkenlerin de dâhil edildiği bir düzlemde ele alan bu
çalışma, bireylerin yoksunluğunu etkileyen faktörlerin ortaya çıkarılmasını hedeflemektedir. Bu amaçla ilk
aşamada 2011 yılında Mersin ve Erzurum illerinde uygulanan alan araştırmasının verileri kullanılarak kent
bazlı yoksunluk endeksi hesaplanmış, sonrasında ise en küçük kareler yöntemi ile bu endeksi etkileyen
faktörlerin yönü ve şiddeti tespit edilmiştir.
Bu çerçevede endeks ortalamaları Mersin'de yaşanan yoksunluğun Erzurum'un üzerinde olduğunu
göstermektedir. Ayrıca bireylerin yoksunluklarını ve bu yolla da yoksulluklarını arttıran faktörlerin başında;
kadınların yevmiyeli, kendi hesabına düzensiz işlerde ve işçi statüsünde çalışmaları ile okula gitmemiş
olmaları; erkeklerin ise okula gitmemiş olmaları ile başta etnik nedenler olmak üzere kendisine önyargılı
davranıldığına inanmaları gösterilebilir. Aynı kişilerin refah seviyelerini arttırmalarına yardımcı olabilecek
faktörlerin ilk sıralarında ise, kadınların üniversite eğitimi almış olmaları, erkeklerin memur statüsünde
çalışıyor olmaları yer almaktadır.
SURVIVAL, GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF BILLION TREE INTERVENTION IN DISTRICT KARAK
Authors: Alam Junaid , Malik Sabeeqa Usman , Zaman Sobya , Muhammad Memoona Wali , Ashraf Irfan , Gulzar Saeed , Kanwal Konish , Khan Muhammad Raza
Published: July 2019

Pakistan forests have been severely affected by deforestation and degradation due immense social pressure of forest dependent communities for their livelihood. Billion Tree Afforestation Project (BTAP) is an initiative of mass afforestation by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government to decrease social pressure on forests and to support forest dwellers livelihood. The current study aimed to investigate at exploring socio-economic impacts of BTAP activities on local livelihood, to determine survival and growth performance of plantation executed within district Karak and to evaluate the status of Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) in the plantation sites. Circular sample plot of 50 feet radius were used for data collection. The numbers of pits was counted and observed for the survival percentage and growth performance within the same plot. Further, the number of species as well as dry species was determined and the growth rate of the plants at different sites was recorded and comparatively analyzed. Pit density was found lesser than the required 10x10 spacing. According to 10x10 spacing the required number of pits per ha is 1075 but here it is found 663. Average regeneration per ha is estimated as 222 and major species were Prosopi sjuliflora, Zizyphus nemularia, Nannorrhopsritchiana. All the regeneration was observed outside the pits during data collection in randomly selected areas. The study indicate that only the regeneration i.e established (mean above 9 inches) were found while the un-established (below 9 inches) were not found. The study revealed that average survival rate was 93% in both Karak subdivision and in Teri range. The survival rate of Karak forest subdivision is found as 92% while that of Teri forest range it was found 93%. Species composition in plantations was also found and the percentage of each species is as followed. Acacia modesta 18% , Eucalyptus 55%, Acacia nilotica 7%, Dodonaea viscosa 3%, Tamarix aphylla 1 % and Dalbergia sissoo 16%.
RETRACTED: Close Kin Proximity in Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) as a Driver of Population Genetic Structure in the Tropical Western and Central Pacific Ocean
Authors: Anderson Giulia , Lal Monal , Hampton John , Smith Neville , Rico Ciro
Published: July 2019

Recent studies argue for the presence of genetic population structure in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in all oceans. However, the persistence of family groups has never been considered a viable mechanism of structure, nor has it been measured. We analyzed genetic similarity among 280 yellowfin tunas from seven population samples collected in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) using single nucleotide polymorphisms, and found population structure that was significantly explained by the presence of 96 individuals involved in 332 half or full sib dyads. We found significantly higher mean and median relatedness between individuals from the same sample groups, compared to individuals from different groups; and high relatedness between individuals caught at the same fish-aggregating device (FAD) than between those caught in the wider exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Alternatively, the EEZ of the Federated States of Micronesia may harbor exceptionally large numbers of close kin. We conclude that yellowfin directly school with related individuals through their first year, and at least demonstrate tightly overlapping regional fidelity as adults. These results may explain, to some extent, the patterns of population genetic structure recently observed in yellowfin tuna.
OPTIMUS: Self-Adaptive Differential Evolution with Ensemble of Mutation Strategies for Grasshopper Algorithmic Modeling
Authors: Cubukcuoglu Cemre , Ekici Berk , Tasgetiren Mehmet Fatih , Sariyildiz Sevil
Published: July 2019

Most of the architectural design problems are basically real-parameter optimization problems. So, any type of evolutionary and swarm algorithms can be used in this field. However, there is a little attention on using optimization methods within the computer aided design (CAD) programs. In this paper, we present Optimus, which is a new optimization tool for grasshopper algorithmic modeling in Rhinoceros CAD software. Optimus implements self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm with ensemble of mutation strategies (jEDE). We made an experiment using standard test problems in the literature and some of the test problems proposed in IEEE CEC 2005. We reported minimum, maximum, average, standard deviations and number of function evaluations of five replications for each function. Experimental results on the benchmark suite showed that Optimus (jEDE) outperforms other optimization tools, namely Galapagos (genetic algorithm), SilverEye (particle swarm optimization), and Opossum (RbfOpt) by finding better results for 19 out of 20 problems. For only one function, Galapagos presented slightly better result than Optimus. Ultimately, we presented an architectural design problem and compared the tools for testing Optimus in the design domain. We reported minimum, maximum, average and number of function evaluations of one replication for each tool. Galapagos and Silvereye presented infeasible results, whereas Optimus and Opossum found feasible solutions. However, Optimus discovered a much better fitness result than Opossum. As a conclusion, we discuss advantages and limitations of Optimus in comparison to other tools. The target audience of this paper is frequent users of parametric design modelling e.g., architects, engineers, designers. The main contribution of this paper is summarized as follows. Optimus showed that near-optimal solutions of architectural design problems can be improved by testing different types of algorithms with respect to no-free lunch theorem. Moreover, Optimus facilitates implementing different type of algorithms due to its modular system.
Departure and Arrival Routes Optimization Near Large Airports
Authors: Chevalier Jeremie , Delahaye Daniel , Sbihi Mohammed , Marechal Pierre
Published: July 2019

The bottleneck of today’s airspace is the Terminal Maneuvering Areas (TMA), where aircraft leave their routes to descend to an airport or take off and reach the en-route sector. To avoid congestion in these areas, an efficient design of departure and arrival routes is necessary. In this paper, a solution for designing departure and arrival routes is proposed, which takes into account the runway configuration, the surroundings of the airport and operational constraints such as limited slopes or turn angles. The routes consist of two parts: a horizontal path in a graph constructed by sampling the TMA around the runway, to which is associated a cone of altitudes. The set of all routes is optimized by the Simulated Annealing metaheuristic. In the process and at each iteration, each route is computed by defining adequately the cost of the arcs in the graph and then searching a path on it. The costs are chosen so as to avoid zigzag behaviors as much as possible. Two tests were performed, one on an instance taken from the literature and the other on an artificial problem designed specifically to test this approach. The obtained results are satisfying with regard to the current state of air operations management and constraints.
Bioenergy from Periodically Waterlogged Cropland in Europe: A First Assessment of the Potential of Five Perennial Energy Crops to Provide Biomass and Their Interactions with Soil
Authors: Ruf Thorsten , Audu Varentta , Holzhauser Katja , Emmerling Christoph
Published: July 2019

Harvesting of silage maize in late autumn on waterlogged soils may result in several ecological problems such as soil compaction and may subsequently be a major threat to soil fertility in Europe. It was hypothesized that perennial energy crops might reduce the vulnerability for soil compaction through earlier harvest dates and improved soil stability. However, the performance of such crops to be grown on soil that are periodically waterlogged and implications for soil chemical and microbial properties are currently an open issue. Within the framework of a two-year pot experiment we investigated the potential of the cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.), Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), giant knotweed (Fallopia japonicum × bohemica), tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum), and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) for cultivation under periodically waterlogged soil conditions during the winter half year and implications for soil chemical and biological properties. Examined perennial energy crops coped with periodical waterlogging and showed yields 50% to 150% higher than in the control which was never faced with waterlogging. Root formation was similar in waterlogged and non-waterlogged soil layers. Soil chemical and microbial properties clearly responded to different soil moisture treatments. For example, dehydrogenase activity was two to four times higher in the periodically waterlogged treatment compared to the control. Despite waterlogging, aerobic microbial activity was significantly elevated indicating morphological and metabolic adaptation of the perennial crops to withstand waterlogged conditions. Thus, our results reveal first evidence of a site-adapted biomass production on periodical waterlogged soils through the cultivation of perennial energy crops and for intense plant microbe interactions.
Wearable Accelerometer and sEMG-Based Upper Limb BSN for Tele-Rehabilitation
Authors: Baraka Ahmed , Shaban Heba , Abou El-Nasr Mohamad , Attallah Omneya
Published: July 2019

Assessment of human locomotion using wearable sensors is an efficient way of getting useful information about human health status, and determining human locomotion abnormalities. Wearable sensors do not only provide the opportunity to assess the behavior of patients as it happens in their daily life activities, but also provide quantitative, meaningful feedback data of patients to their therapists. This can pinpoint the cause of problems and help in maximizing their recovery rates. The popularity of using wearable sensors has received attention from a number of researchers from both the academic and industrial fields in the past few years. The different types of wearable sensors have given birth to the realization of a standard measurement model that can support different types of applications. Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are starting to replace traditional healthcare systems by enabling long-term monitoring of patients and tele-rehabilitation, especially those who suffer from chronic diseases. This paper investigates using wearable accelerometers and surface electromyography (EMG) in human locomotion monitoring for tele-rehabilitation. It proposes and investigates new positions for the proposed sensors, and compares the measured signals to similar techniques proposed in the literature. Realistic measurements show that the proposed positions of surface EMG sensors (on the forearm muscles) provide more reliable results in the classification of motion abnormality as compared to the sensor positions proposed in the literature (biceps muscles). Seven statistical features were extracted from accelerometer signals, and four time domain (TD) features are extracted from EMG signals. These features are used to construct six machine learning classifiers for automatic classification of Parkinson’s tremor. These models include; decision tree (DT), linear discriminant analysis analysis (LDA), k-nearest-neighbor (kNN), support vector machine (SVM), boosted tree and bagged tree classifiers. The performance of the applied classifiers is analyzed using accuracy, confusion matrix, and area under ROC (AUC) curve. The results are also compared to corresponding findings in the literature. The experimental results show that the highest classification accuracy is achieved when using the proposed measurement set and bagged tree classifier with a value of 99.6%.
CNN-Based Fault Localization Method Using Memory-Updated Patterns for Integration Test in an HiL Environment
Authors: Choi Ki-Yong , Lee Jung-Won
Published: July 2019

Automotive electronic components are tested via hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) testing at the unit and integration test stages, according to ISO 26262. It is difficult to obtain debugging information from the HiL test because the simulator runs a black-box test automatically, depending on the scenario in the test script. At this time, debugging information can be obtained in HiL tests, using memory-updated information, without the source code or the debugging tool. However, this method does not know when the fault occurred, and it is difficult to select the starting point of debugging if the execution flow of the software is not known. In this paper, we propose a fault-localization method using a pattern in which each memory address is updated in the HiL test. Via a sequential pattern-mining algorithm in the memory-updated information of the transferred unit tests, memory-updated patterns are extracted, and the system learns using a convolutional neural network. Applying the learned pattern in the memory-updated information of the integration test can determine the fault point from the normal pattern. The point of departure from the normal pattern is highlighted as a fault-occurrence time, and updated addresses are presented as fault candidates. We applied the proposed method to an HiL test of an OSEK/VDX-based electronic control unit. Through fault-injection testing, we could find the cause of faults by checking the average memory address of 3.28%, and we could present the point of fault occurrence with an average accuracy of 80%.
A Novel Way for Whey: Cheese Whey Fermentation Produces an Effective and Environmentally-Safe Alternative to Chlorine
Authors: S. Santos Maria , Fradinho Patrícia , Martins Sandro , G. Lima Ana , M. S. Boavida Ferreira Ricardo , Pedroso Laurentina , S. S. Ferreira Maria , Sousa Isabel
Published: July 2019

Cheese whey has been described as an environmental hazard due to its high organic content. Although it has been suggested that whey can be used as food disinfectant, it continues to pose an environmental problem because it still contains a high organic load. Here, we aimed to develop a low-cost, scalable fermentation protocol to produce a disinfectant from dairy waste that has very little organic content and high levels of lactic acid. Fermentation was achieved with industrial whey from ewe, goat, and cow’s milk, using a specific mesophilic-lactic acid bacteria starter mix over 120 h, which yielded the highest lactic acid production and the lowest lactose content. Antibacterial activity was observed against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7, plus a total of thirteen other food pathogenic and spoilage strains, and antibacterial activities were determined to be highest after 120 h. We further validated this whey’s application as a disinfectant in shredded lettuce and compared its efficacy to that of chlorine, evaluating microbial quality, texture, color, and sensory perception, pH, and O2 and CO2 determinations. Results showed that not only was microbial quality better when using our whey solution (p < 0.05), but also the quality indicators for whey were statistically similar to those treated with chlorine. Hence, our work validates the use of an industrial waste whey as a low-cost, efficient, and environmentally safe disinfectant, with potential applications for minimally processed foodstuffs as an alternative to chlorine.
Prediction of Ultimate Axial Capacity of Square Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Short Columns Using a Hybrid Intelligent Algorithm
Authors: Ren Qiubing , Li Mingchao , Zhang Mengxi , Shen Yang , Si Wen
Published: July 2019

It is crucial to study the axial compression behavior of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns to ensure the safe operation of engineering structures. The restriction between steel tubular and core concrete in CFSTs is complex and the relationship between geometric and material properties and axial compression behavior is highly nonlinear. These challenges have prompted the use of soft computing methods to predict the ultimate bearing capacity (abbreviated as Nu) under axial compression. Taking the square CFST short column as an example, a mass of experimental data is obtained through axial compression tests. Combined with support vector machine (SVM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), this paper presents a new method termed PSVM (SVM optimized by PSO) for Nu value prediction. The nonlinear relationship in Nu value prediction is efficiently represented by SVM, and PSO is used to select the model parameters of SVM. The experimental dataset is utilized to verify the reliability of the PSVM model, and the prediction performance of PSVM is compared with that of traditional design methods and other benchmark models. The proposed PSVM model provides a better prediction of the ultimate axial capacity of square CFST short columns. As such, PSVM is an efficient alternative method other than empirical and theoretical formulas.
A Hybrid Model for Investigating the Effect of Scattering from Building Façade on Sound Propagation in Street Canyons
Authors: Yu Boya , Ma Hui , Kang Jian
Published: July 2019

Street canyons are basic components of modern cities. Sound propagation in streets has been proven to be significantly affected by reflections from building façades. In this paper, an iterative model combining acoustic radiosity and the image source method (IMCRI) is proposed to investigate the effect of diffuse reflections on sound propagation in urban street canyons. By applying image patches, this model calculates both specular reflected components and diffuse reflected components in every reflection. The accuracy of this model is then validated with full-scale measured data from five actual streets with different scattering conditions. Good agreements of sound pressure level and reverberation time are found between the IMCRI and the measurements. The performance of the IMCRI is found to be superior to those of the existing energy models, especially for the reverberation time simulation.
Individuals Identification Based on Palm Vein Matching under a Parallel Environment
Authors: Hernández-García Ruber , Barrientos Ricardo J. , Rojas Cristofher , Mora Marco
Published: July 2019

Biometric identification and verification are essential mechanisms in modern society. Palm vein recognition is an emerging biometric technique, which has several advantages, especially in terms of security against forgery. Contactless palm vein systems are more suitable for real-world applications, but two of the major challenges of the state-of-the-art contributions are image deformations and time efficiency. In the present work, we propose a new method for palm vein recognition by combining DAISY descriptor and the Coarse-to-fine PatchMatch (CPM) algorithm in a parallel matching process. Our proposal aims at providing an effective and efficient technique to obtain similarity of palm vein images considering their displacements as discriminatory information. Extensive evaluation on three publicly available databases demonstrates that the discriminability of the proposed approach reaches the state-of-the-art results while it is considerably superior in time efficiency.