bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversité des pratiques funéraires et espaces sépulcraux sectorisés au Chasséen ancien sur le site du Crès à Béziers (Hérault). Croisements de données archéologiques et anthropologiques
Authors: Loison Gilles , Schmitt Aurore
Published: January 2017

The goal of this article is to present the first results of research conducted on the Early Chassean site of Crès à Béziers, which was excavated in the context of a preventive operation. Out of the 190 excavated structures discovered, 33 served as receptacles for funerary deposits, representing a population of 49 deceased individuals. This is currently the largest funerary ensemble known for this period in southern France. This strong funerary component, which also shows significant variability and organizational complexity, could respond to recurring questions concerning the funerary practices of this stage of the southern Chassean. In our work, we thus attempted to understand the sequencing of this inhumed population and its representivity through a confrontation of archaeological and physical anthropological data. This first level of interpretation allowed us to address the question of tombs in a habitat context and to show the extreme diversity of the funerary practices that characterize Chassean inhumations, here contemporary and present in the same location. This apparent dichotomy between inhumations in habitat contexts and architectural tombs constituted in a small cemetery is quite remarkable. It could be the resonance of a stratified society in which individuals, regardless of their age or sex, can have distinct and probably hierarchical statuses.
Apport des études dendrochronologiques à la connaissance des sites lacustres néolithiques de Chalain et Clairvaux (Jura). Clairvaux II-IIbis, Chalain 19 et Chalain 2
Authors: Viellet Amandine
Published: January 2017

Die Seeufersiedlungen von Chalain und Clairvaux sind seit über 30 Jahren Gegenstand programmierter Ausgrabungen unter der Leitung von P. Pétrequin. Heute umfasst die Chronologie dieser Seeufersiedlungen fast 1500 Jahre vom Néolithique moyen bourguignon bis zum Endneolithikum. Die außerordentlich gute Erhaltung der Holzreste in anaerobem Milieu hat die dendrochronologische Untersuchung von über tausend Architekturteilen ermöglicht. In diesem Artikel gehen wir auf drei Fundorte ein : Clairvaux II-IIbis, Chalain 19 und Chalain 2. Anhand der dendrochronologischen Untersuchung dieser Dörfer versuchen wir zu zeigen, dass die Dendrochronologie ein hervorragendes Instrument ist, um den Ablauf der Zeit greifbar zu machen ; wir weisen darüber hinaus nach, dass die Bevölkerung sich schnell ändert und beschäftigen uns mit den Konsequenzen, die sich hieraus für die Umwelt ergeben.
Artiste, chercheur, innovateur : Le consortium Hexagram (Montréal)
Authors: Fourmentraux Jean-Paul
Published: January 2017

Artist, researcher, innovator : The Hexagram consortium (Montreal).

This paper examines how new frontier-organisations whose aim is to «create an interface » between artistic production, the development of research and industrial innovation emerge. It aims to present the issues and dilemmas of international initiatives synergizing art and technological innovation with particular emphasis on one of them – Hexagram (Montreal, Canada) – which is outlined in an analytic synthesis.
Nouveaux médias au musée : Le visiteur équipé
Authors: Gentès Annie , Jutant Camille
Published: January 2017

Nuevos medios en el Museo : El visitador equipado.

Este artículo se sitúa en el campo del análisis de las prácticas científicas pluridisciplinarias y se apoya sobre el estudio de un proyecto de investigación (plug) realizado entre 2008 y 2009, en el Museo de las Artes y de los Oficios de París.
La restauration et la réédition numérique de la musique
Authors: Sevin Jean-Christophe
Published: January 2017

Restauration and digital republication of music.

Analysis of how physical and perceptual restoration and remastering of music recordings is based on an inquiry among restorers whose career and profile are used to explore the detail of the activity. The question that runs through this paper concerns the relationship between current listening norms and old processes of music recording, as well as the assemblage of old and modern technologies that are reissues represent. Practitioners who depend on a claim of equivalence between sound recordings and visual artworks to resist demands for changes that they consider too great in respect for their integrity can appear ambivalent in the assessment and treatment of these recordings. Their ambivalence finally reflects ordinary relationships with these recordings and the competing and conflicting values related to their appropriation.
Les tables interactives dans les expositions scientifiques : De l’interactivité à l’expérience
Authors: Vidal Geneviève
Published: January 2017

L es nouvelles médiations culturelles numériques présentent des enjeux d’ordre technique, ergonomique, pédagogique et esthétique. Elles proposent un type d’expérience qui dépasse la posture fonctionnelle. Notre piste de recherche s’appuie sur un matériau exploratoire de terrain, en particulier une étude d’usages ergo-cognitifs d’une table interactive en test. Le plaisir et le rapport sensible aux dispositifs interactifs se trouvent au coeur de la médiation comme invitation à participer à des expérimentations pour accéder à des savoirs scientifiques.
Le Tapissier : Auteur du discours expographique au Salon (1750- 1789)
Authors: Pichet Isabelle
Published: January 2017

The Tapissier : Author of the exhibition discourse at the Academy Salon (1750-1789).

The Salons of the Royale Academy of Painting and Sculpture of Paris during the eighteenth century have always been regarded as the site of the emergence of art criticism, but have rarely been considered as an exhibition. In order to fill this gap, the article focuses on the development of display devices, but it also focuses on the person who is responsible for hanging the works in the Salons : the Tapissier. It seems important to define the characteristics and working tools of this craftsman to demonstrate that the hanging of works in the Salon Carré is not improvised but wellstructured and intentional. Thus, the function of expographe and the existence of a discourse in the exhibition appeared in the Old Regime, well before the existence of the Louvre Museum.
La judiciarisation de l’action politique au Brésil et la migration des acteurs sociaux vers la Cour suprême
Authors: Passos Martins Thomas
Published: January 2017

Depuis l’adoption de la Constitution du Brésil de 1988, le rôle de la Cour suprême au sein du système politique brésilien s’est progressivement renforcé. Ayant pour fonction essentielle de vérifier la conformité des actes des gouvernants par rapport au texte constitutionnel, cette instance est dotée d’un véritable droit de veto (et parfois même d’un droit d’amendement) à l’égard des législations adoptées par les instances électives, ce qui fait d’elle un acteur politique incontournable dans la mise en oeuvre des politiques publiques. Au demeurant, la montée en puissance de cette juridiction s’est réellement manifestée à partir de l’alternance politique de 2002. Sa fonction politique s’est en effet considérablement accrue durant ces dix dernières années conduisant ainsi les groupements sociaux, dans le cadre de leur stratégie d’influence de l’action publique, à s’orienter de plus en plus vers la Cour suprême au détriment des instances politiques électives. Cette présente étude vise ainsi à analyser cette migration de la société civile vers l’espace judiciaire au Brésil qui résulte de ce phénomène que l’on qualifie traditionnellement de «judiciarisation » de la politique.
Le Président du Conseil des ministres italien de 1848 à 1900 : de l’avènement de la monarchie limitée à la « crise de fin de siècle »
Authors: Fumagalli Henry
Published: January 2017

Fruit de l’introduction en droit piémontais du Statut fondamental du Royaume, la Charte albertine et à la fin du régime de la monarchie absolue en 1848, le Président du Conseil des ministres italien doit son existence à deux facteurs principaux. D’une part, à la règle britannique exigeant que le Roi ne puisse gouverner seul : «The king cannot act alone » et de l’autre, à l’avènement de la monarchie limitée, qui installa une diminution des prérogatives royales au profit des Chambres. Pendant la première phase de son histoire, la présidence du Conseil eut des compétences limitées par l’influence royale et un statut fragile. L’évolution de l’institution est due à une progressive libéralisation du régime issue de la Charte albertine, à sa pratique, dont un précurseur fondamental fut Camillo Benso, comte de Cavour. Après l’unité italienne et le décès de Cavour, ses successeurs perpétuèrent cette vision de la Charte albertine, en aboutissant à une restriction de plus en plus importante des compétences royales. Cette dernière fit du Président du Conseil le véritable chef du gouvernement et la «courroie de transmission » entre les Chambres, au rôle grandissant, le cabinet et le roi. Cette captation connut son point d’orgue sous le Fascisme.
Droit de la famille et obligations alimentaires - Aperçu comparatif
Authors: Ferrand Frédérique
Published: January 2017

La conséquence du lien familial officialisé est une solidarité morale et financière. Les dispositions nationales sont assez similaires en ce qui concerne les couples mariés. L’étendue de la solidarité entre partenaires ayant souscrit un partenariat enregistré est en revanche très variable d’un pays à l’autre. En cas de divorce, les droits nationaux tendent de plus en plus vers des solutions de «clean break » (paiement d’une somme forfaitaire, ou limitation dans le temps de la pension alimentaire après divorce) dans lesquelles l’accord des époux sur les conséquences de leur séparation est favorisé. L’obligation alimentaire envers les enfants est fermement imposée dans tous les États, mais des différences peuvent exister quant à ses débiteurs (question des beaux-parents par exemple). Une question importante en cas de pluralité de créanciers d’aliments est celle de leur rang, que certains droits nationaux ont résolue de façon très précise. Des dispositions pénales et des mesures d’exécution forcée visent à faciliter le paiement de sommes à caractère vital. Les solidarités familiales sont en outre confortées par des solidarités sociales mises en place par l’État.
Le cadastre espagnol
Authors: Ibiza García-Junco Ana María
Published: January 2017

Le Cadastre espagnol est un registre administratif dépendant du Ministère des Finances où sont recensés tous les biens immobiliers du pays. Il contient une description complète des biens ainsi que leur représentation graphique et leur attribue aussi une valeur fixée par référence au marché. L’objectivité de ces valeurs a fait de cette institution un pilier fondamental de la gestion de la fiscalité immobilière des différentes administrations territoriales espagnoles bien que son caractère universel lui ait octroyé davantage que sa traditionnelle fonction fiscale. Actuellement, les données physiques, économiques et juridiques du Cadastre sont très utiles, ce qui a permis à cette institution de devancer l’autre grand registre immobilier du pays, le Registre Foncier.
Prevalence of thyroid disorders in elderly people in Germany
Authors: Verburg Frederik A. , Grelle Inge , Tatschner Kathrin , Reiners Christoph , Luster Markus
Published: January 2017

Aim: In a screening study on people of working age the prevalence of morphological thyroid disorders was 33.1 %. It is not known precisely whether this further increases after retirement. The present study aimed to establish whether the increase in the prevalence of morphological and functional thyroid disorders continues beyond working age in elderly citizens. Methods: 223 participants were recruited in an institute for geriatric rehabilitative medicine. All patients were screened by thyroid ultrasound, measurement of serum levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid related autoantibodies as well as measurement of urinary iodine excretion. Results: The median thyroid volume was 17 ml (range 4-41 ml) in men and 16 ml (range 0.4-73 ml) in women. 27/59 (46 %) of the men (median age [range]: 77 [58-87] years) and 85/139 (61 %) of the women (median age [range]: 77 [52-97] years), or a total of 112/198 (57 %) residents, showed morphological thyroid abnormalities. There was no clear increase with age. 85 % of the participants without a history of thyroid treatment were euthyroid. 12 % showed a subclinical hyperthyroidism whereas 1 % showed a biochemically manifest hyperthyroidism. 2 % were biochemically hypothyroid. Tg-antibodies was elevated in 10 (5 %) and TPO-antibodies in 18 (9 %) of the patients. Median iodine excretion was 129 pg/l. 41.5 % of the patients showed iodine excretion values below 100 pg/l whereas only 7 % of the patients showed a severe iodine deficiency with an excretion below 50 pg/l. Conclusion: Compared to a previously described population of working age, the prevalence of morphological thyroid disorders does not further increase above the age of 65; thyroid function abnormalities in this iodine sufficient screening population were relatively rare.
A comparative analysis of development in Southeast European countries
Authors: JEDNAK Sandra , KRAGULJ Dragana , BULAJIC Milica
Published: January 2017

There are different kinds of indicators which measure levels of development. The use of varying methods could alter the ranking of a particular country. In this paper, Southeast European countries are ranked according to the World Bank, the UNDP and the I-distance method. The aim of the paper is to provide a comparison between the ranking results obtained with those methods for the period 2007–2012. The principal objective of the study is the ranking of SEE countries using the I-distance technique – a multivariate statistical method for ranking entities – and to discover whether this method gives a better ranking of countries than income per capita and the HDI. To answer this question, similar variables of economic development are used within the research methods. Due to the observed period, some government finance variables are also included. Despite certain limitations, such as lack of data for SEE countries, the results show that the ranks of countries are highly similar regardless of the method used. Nevertheless, there are some differences in the countries’ rankings in some years: there are small differences from year to year both in terms of HDI and GNI per capita. However, the I-distance method shows greater differences between countries.
The Role of Great Men as the Pillars of Slovenian Nationalism
Authors: Jezernik Božidar
Published: January 2017

Author discusses the role and meaning of the great men in Slovenian national awakening period within multinational Austrian Empire.
***
Avtor obravnava vlogo in pomen tako imenovanih velmož v slovenskem narodnem prebujanju, ki je potekalo v okviru večnarodnega Avstrijskega cesarstva.
Amateur Art and Contemporary Regional Identity. A Case Study of Polish Spisz
Authors: Barański Janusz
Published: January 2017

The subject of this article is the role of a certain form of amateur art by the local sculptor Stanisław Burkat during transformations in the regional identity of the residents of Poland’s Spisz region (Slovak: Spiš).
***
V razpravi avtor obravnava vlogo amaterske umetnosti lokalnega kiparja Stanisława Burkatav med transformacijo regionalne identitete prebivalcev poljske pokrajine Spisz (slovaško: Spiš).
Role of Microbes in Eco-Remediation of Perturbed Aquatic Ecosystem
Authors: Lahiri Susmita , Ghosh Debarati , Bhakta Jatindra Nath
Published: January 2017

Anthropogenic and natural hazards put aquatic ecosystem under severe stress due to organic and inorganic pollutants and calls for remediation. Eco-remediation, an ecological blessing for ecosystem stabilization refers to the restoration of the perturbing ecosystem to its original balanced state with a multi-purpose approaches for removing pollutants by vast array of biological components. Aquatic habitats and biodiversity are adversely affected by indiscriminate pollution along with rising levels of carbon dioxide. To overcome the aquatic stress of various pollutants, microorganisms significantly imparting crucial roles in environmentally sustainable bioremediation approaches by adapting themselves in order to survive in perturbed ecosystems resulting in the environmental remediation. This chapter attempts to deal with eco-remediation of ecosystems perturbed by various hazardous pollutants by focusing the degrading and transforming of contaminants into less toxic forms by microbes and carbon sequestration through heterotrophic pathway applying different ex situ or in situ detoxifying mechanisms. Considering the high eco-remedial efficiencies, microbial eco-remediation technologies could be applied as an emerging approach in restoring perturbed aquatic ecosystems in ecological engineering systems.
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation Using Agro-Industrial Wastes as Co-Substrates
Authors: El Mahdi Abdullah Mohammed , Aziz Hamidi Abdul
Published: January 2017

The diversity of agro industrial wastes makes them an attractive group of organic wastes for potential use in a wide variety of industrial and biotechnological applications. The new stimulating development in this current area of research approaches in combination with the technologies of large-scale production and biotechnology engineering, agro industrial wastes will be economically successful materials of the future. Increased public awareness of issues related to hydrocarbon pollution strongly influences the development of technologies that speed up cleaning hazardous contaminants. The cost of biodegradation technology and the low bioavailability including mass transfer limitations of hydrocarbons, especially those recalcitrant components, from various mediums into the aqueous phase for effective enzyme-based microbial biodegradation still constitute major challenges. Sustainable replacement of traditional microbiological media with agroindustrial wastes as substrates for biosurfactant production holds great potential; thereby decrease numerous management problems of handling industrial waste. These organic nitrogen-rich nutrients (biostimulation) are an effective means to enhance the bioremediation process and widely available as wastes in the environment; hence, they can serve as “natural waste-to-environmental clean-up.” However, current chapter have focused on the combined use of biosurfactants and enzymes produced from renewable resources such as agro-industrial waste, through assisted biostimulation and bioaugmentation, for hydrocarbon biodegradation.
Molecular Overview of Heavy Metal Phytoremediation
Authors: Prakash Ved , Saxena Sarika
Published: January 2017

Metal toxification has remained one of the problems with the advent of industrial revolution. Plant based remediation are showing increasing promise for use in soils contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants. A large number of plant families has been identified which has shown significant result in detoxification of heavy metals. Hyperaccumulator plant is capable of sequestering heavy metals in their shoot tissues. High tolerance to HM toxicity is dependent on a reduced metal uptake or increased internal sequestration, which depends on plant and environmental condition. Recent progresses on understanding cellular/molecular mechanisms of metal tolerance by plants are reviewed. This chapter aims to focus on molecular mechanism involved in heavy metal detoxification and tolerance by plants. A different method by which plant effectively converts toxic metal in less toxic compounds has been explained in this chapter. Further, mode of accumulation and sequestration of metals have been explained which are utilized by hyper accumulators.
Application of Potential Biological Agents in Green Bioremediation Technology
Authors: Kundu Debajyoti , Dutta Deblina , Mondal Subinoy , Haque Smaranya , Bhakta Jatindra Nath , Jana Bana Behari
Published: January 2017

Upgradation and advancement in every field related to mankind leads to the origin of a contaminated environment. Development in science and technology enabled humans to combat the rate of contaminants by using biological agents, commonly known as bioremediation. The chapter deals with the different species of bioremediation agents viz. bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, animals and organic wastes to treat diverse environmental pollution. The extent of environmental bioremediation encompasses inorganic viz. arsenic, chromium, mercury, cyanide etc. and organics viz. Hydrocarbons, petroleum, pesticides etc. Thus, the reasons for the control of water and soil by considering bioremediation are concern on public health, protection of environment, and cost reduction of decontamination. Different case studies have been demonstrated herein to understand the enigmatic process and evaluate practical efficacy of the environment to decontaminate itself by the presence of various biological organisms.
Bioremediation of Pharmaceutical Wastes
Authors: Bali Alka
Published: January 2017

The astounding increase in the use of pharmaceuticals in the last decade has raised concerns over their occurrence in the soils and wastewaters posing potential dangers to the general public health and environment. Considering the limitations of chemical remediation measures in treatment of recalcitrant xenobiotics, several bioremediation measures are being currently investigated and proposed for removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from the environment. Several bacterial, fungal and plant species have shown promising bioremediation potential with regard to the removal of pharmaceuticals. Varying configurations of anaerobic and aerobic reactors have been utilized for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. This chapter is intended to give a compilation and overview of the various types of bioremediation measures currently being employed or investigated to remove the pharmaceutical pollutants.
Bacterial Remediation of Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Krishnaswamy Veena Gayathri
Published: January 2017

Environmental pollution has been an irrefutable fact of life for many centuries; but it has become a real problem, since the start of the industrial revolution. Discharge of these toxic compounds without treatment results in serious health risks to humans and the marine ecosystem. Several physical, chemical and biological methods have been employed for the remediation of the phenolics. Bioremediation is identified as the most efficient, cost effective and eco-friendly ways for treatment of phenolic compounds. This article is a comprehensive review on the sources of phenolic compounds, their hazards, and their fate once released into the environment; the treatment technologies employed and bioremediation of these compounds using both non-extremophlic and extremophilic organisms. The review, throws light on the enzymes involved in the remediation of phenolic compounds, highlights the importance of extremophilic organisms and biological treatment of phenol containing industrial wastewaters. Such comprehensive information on the research work performed for the remediation of phenolic compounds provide ways to explore the role played by micro organisms in the remediation of phenolic compounds, which could be applied in the remediation of phenol /contaminated sites even under extreme conditions.
Testing and Monitoring of Biodegradable Contaminants in Bioremediation Technique
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Saini Pragati
Published: January 2017

Environmental pollution is one of the most acute global problems. Pollution is present at the every corners of the globe. Several methods are used for monitoring the pollutants in the environment. The present chapter includes the wide variety of testing such as physical, chemical, biological and as well molecular to determine the level of biodegradable contaminated substances in the environment and also check the feasibility of different bioremediation techniques. The monitoring and testing are essential and have an enormous impact on the cost of full-scale remediation. Successful remediation techniques completely degrade the contaminants. A successful bioremediation approach requires sufficient evidences for the non-toxicity of the contaminant. Current monitoring techniques require the disappearance of the contaminants. Different recombinant techniques also play great role to assess the pollution level. In the field and focus on interdisciplinary research, bioremediation technology will go a long way in cleaning our polluted environment in near future. Research on improved microbial strains and bioanalytical methods for measuring the level of contaminants should be strengthen.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Membrane Vesicles Inhibit T Cell Activation
Authors: Athman Jaffre J. , Sande Obondo J. , Groft Sarah G. , Reba Scott M. , Nagy Nancy , Wearsch Pamela A. , Richardson Edward T. , Rojas Roxana , Boom W. Henry , Shukla Supriya , Harding Clifford V.
Published: January 2017

Mycobacterium tuberculosis utilizes multiple mechanisms to evade host immune responses, and inhibition of effector CD4+ T cell responses by M. tuberculosis may contribute to immune evasion. TCR signaling is inhibited by M. tuberculosis cell envelope lipoglycans, such as lipoarabinomannan and lipomannan, but a mechanism for lipoglycans to traffic from M. tuberculosis within infected macrophages to reach T cells is unknown. In these studies, we found that membrane vesicles produced by M. tuberculosis and released from infected macrophages inhibited the activation of CD4+ T cells, as indicated by reduced production of IL-2 and reduced T cell proliferation. Flow cytometry and Western blot demonstrated that lipoglycans from M. tuberculosis–derived bacterial vesicles (BVs) are transferred to T cells, where they inhibit T cell responses. Stimulation of CD4+ T cells in the presence of BVs induced expression of GRAIL, a marker of T cell anergy; upon restimulation, these T cells showed reduced ability to proliferate, confirming a state of T cell anergy. Furthermore, lipoarabinomannan was associated with T cells after their incubation with infected macrophages in vitro and when T cells were isolated from lungs of M. tuberculosis–infected mice, confirming the occurrence of lipoarabinomannan trafficking to T cells in vivo. These studies demonstrate a novel mechanism for the direct regulation of CD4+ T cells by M. tuberculosis lipoglycans conveyed by BVs that are produced by M. tuberculosis and released from infected macrophages. These lipoglycans are transferred to T cells to inhibit T cell responses, providing a mechanism that may promote immune evasion.
Staphylococcus aureusDownregulates IP-10 Production and Prevents Th1 Cell Recruitment
Authors: Li Zhigang , Levast Benoît , Madrenas Joaquín
Published: January 2017

Staphylococcal superantigens cause toxic shock syndrome, which is characterized by massive T cell activation and a predominant Th1 profile of cytokine production. However, superantigen-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains are often part of the human nasal microbiome, and this carrier state has often been associated with some type 2 immune responses such as chronic sinusitis with polyps and atopic dermatitis. We have previously reported that the S. aureus cell wall downregulates the human T cell response to superantigens through a TLR2-dependent, IL-10–mediated mechanism. In this study, we show that S. aureus also regulates the profile of superantigen-induced T cell recruitment. The staphylococcal superantigen SEE induced the production of Th1 cell–recruiting chemokines, including IP-10, through an IFN-γ–dependent mechanism. Such an induction was suppressed by the concomitant presence of S. aureus. The downregulation of IP-10 by S. aureus was mediated by components of its cell wall, but was not due to peptidoglycan-induced IL-10 production. Instead, S. aureus triggered activation of MAPKs p38 and ERK, as well as inhibition of STAT1 signaling in monocytes, altogether contributing to the downregulation of IP-10 and other Th1 cell–recruiting chemokines (e.g., CXCL9 and CXCL11). These effects translated into inhibition of superantigen-induced Th1 cell recruitment. Taken together, our data may explain why colonization of superantigen-producing S. aureus can induce, under some circumstances, mucosal type 2 immune responses.
Commensurating endomorphisms of acylindrically hyperbolic groups and applications
Authors: Antolín Yago , Minasyan Ashot , Sisto Alessandro
Published: January 2017

We prove that the outer automorphism group Out

(G)

is residually finite when the group

G

is virtually compact special (in the sense of Haglund and Wise) or when

G

is isomorphic to the fundamental group of some compact 3-manifold.

To prove these results we characterize commensurating endomorphisms of acylindrically hyperbolic groups. An endomorphism

\phi

of a group

G

is said to be commensurating, if for every

g \in G

some non-zero power of

\phi(g)

is conjugate to a non-zero power of

g

. Given an acylindrically hyperbolic group

G

, we show that any commensurating endomorphism of

G

is inner modulo a small perturbation. This generalizes a theorem of Minasyan and Osin, which provided a similar statement in the case when

G

is relatively hyperbolic. We then use this result to study pointwise inner and normal endomorphisms of acylindrically hyperbolic groups.
Closed orbits for the diagonal group and well-rounded lattices
Authors: Levin Michael , Shapira Uri , Weiss Barak
Published: January 2017

Curt McMullen showed that every compact orbit for the action of the diagonal group on the space of lattices contains a well-rounded lattice. We extend this to all closed orbits.
The Lagrange spectrum of a Veech surface has a Hall ray
Authors: Artigiani Mauro , Marchese Luca , Ulcigrai Corinna
Published: January 2017

We study Lagrange spectra of Veech translation surfaces, which are a generalization of the classical Lagrange spectrum. We show that any such Lagrange spectrum contains a Hall ray. As a main tool, we use the boundary expansion developed by Bowen and Series to code geodesics in the corresponding Teichmüller disk and prove a formula which allows to express large values in the Lagrange spectrum as sums of Cantor sets.
A classification of Nichols algebras of semisimple Yetter–Drinfeld modules over non-abelian groups
Authors: Heckenberger István , Vendramin Leandro
Published: January 2017

Over fields of arbitrary characteristic we classify all braid-indecomposable tuples of at least two absolutely simple Yetter–Drinfeld modules over non-abelian groups such that the group is generated by the support of the tuple and the Nichols algebra of the tuple is finite-dimensional. Such tuples are classified in terms of analogs of Dynkin diagrams which encode much information about the Yetter–Drinfeld modules. We also compute the dimensions of these finite-dimensional Nichols algebras. Our proof uses essentially theWeyl groupoid of a tuple of simple Yetter–Drinfeld modules and our previous result on pairs.
Forms in many variables and differing degrees
Authors: Browning Tim D. , Heath-Brown David Rodney
Published: January 2017

We generalise Birch's seminal work on forms in many variables to handle a system of forms in which the degrees need not all be the same. This allows us to prove the Hasse principle, weak approximation, and the Manin–Peyre conjecture for a smooth and geometrically integral variety

X \subseteq \mathbb P^m

, provided only that its dimension is large enough in terms of its degree.
Essential connectedness and the rigidity problem for Gaussian symmetrization
Authors: Cagnetti Filippo , Colombo Maria , De Philippis Guido , Maggi Francesco
Published: January 2017

We provide a geometric characterization of rigidity of equality cases in Ehrhard's symmetrization inequality for Gaussian perimeter. This condition is formulated in terms of a new measure-theoretic notion of connectedness for Borel sets, inspired by Federer's definition of indecomposable current, and of possible broader interest.
Qualitative behaviour for flux-saturated mechanisms: travelling waves, waiting time and smoothing effects
Authors: Calvo Juan , Campos Juan , Caselles Vicent , Sánchez Óscar , Soler Juan
Published: January 2017

This paper is devoted to the analysis of qualitative properties of flux-saturated type operators in dimension one. Specifically, we study regularity properties and smoothing effects, discontinuous interfaces, the existence of travelling wave profiles, sub- and supersolutions and waiting time features. The aim of the paper is to better understand these phenomena through two prototypic operators: the relativistic heat equation and the porous media flux-limited equation. As an important consequence of our results we deduce that solutions to the one-dimensional relativistic heat equation become smooth inside their support in the long time run.
Limits of Sobolev homeomorphisms
Authors: Iwaniec Tadeusz , Onninen Jani
Published: January 2017

Let

\mathbb X, \mathbb Y \in \mathbb R^2

be topologically equivalent bounded Lipschitz domains. We prove that weak and strong limits of homeomorphisms

h: \mathbb X \overset {\mathrm {onto}}{\longrightarrow} \mathbb Y

in the Sobolev space

\mathcal W^{1,p} (\mathbb X, \mathbb R^2), \:p \geq 2

, are the same. As an application, we establish the existence of 2D-traction free minimal deformations for fairly general energy integrals.
Hypergeometric groups of orthogonal type
Authors: Venkataramana Tyakal Nanjundiah
Published: January 2017

We obtain an infinite family of orthogonal hypergeometric groups which are higher rank arithmetic groups. We also list cases of arithmetic monodromy when the real Zariski closure of the hypergeometric group is

O

(2,3).
Improving IT process management through value stream mapping approach: A case study
Authors: Jeong Bong Keun , Yoon Tom E
Published: January 2017

Value-Stream mapping (VSM) is a helpful tool to identify waste and improvement areas. It has emerged as a preferred way to support and implement the lean approach. While lean principles are well-established and have broad applicability in manufacturing, their extension to information technology is still limited. Based on a case study approach, this paper presents the implementation of VSM in an IT firm as a lean IT improvement initiative. It involves mapping the current activities of the firm and identifying opportunities for improvement. After several interviews with employees who are currently involved in the process, current state map is prepared to describe the existing problem areas. Future state map is prepared to show the proposed improvement action plans. The achievements of VSM implementation are reduction in lead time, cycle time and resources. Our finding indicates that, with the new process change, total lead time can be reduced from 20 days to 3 days – 92% reduction in overall lead time for database provisioning process.
A segurança dos sistemas de informação e o comportamento dos usuários
Authors: Pimenta Alexandre Manuel Santareno , Quaresma Rui Filipe Cerqueira
Published: January 2017

Numa sociedade cada vez mais global e em constante mutação, onde as organizações necessitam ter sempre disponível a informação necessária e útil para desenvolver, de uma forma rápida e eficaz, as suas atividades no dia-a-dia, garantir a segurança da informação é um fator fundamental para sustentar a sua continuidade e sucesso.Neste estudo procura-se saber em que medida os comportamentos e as atitudes dos usuários dos sistemas de informação constituem um risco ou uma proteção para a segurança destes sistemas. Para alcançar este objetivo foi primeiramente realizada uma revisão bibliográfica baseada em fontes secundárias, que permitiu desenvolver o questionário para coleta de dados; seguidamente, e usando um questionário online, foram recolhidas respostas de 780 sujeitos, que maioritariamente trabalham em Portugal. Os dados obtidos foram objeto de um tratamento estatístico simples, nomeadamente análise de frequências e médias. A principal conclusão do estudo revela que os usuários, de uma forma geral, constituem uma proteção para a segurança dos sistemas de informação nas organizações.
Occupational Engagement in Low-Income Latina Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Sleight Alix G.
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE. This qualitative study examined the experience of occupational engagement in low-income Latina breast cancer survivors and suggests the potential for occupational therapy practitioners to improve health outcomes in this vulnerable and underserved population.

METHOD. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 9 participants. Inductive analysis was used to code for themes and patterns related to occupational engagement and quality of life (QOL).

RESULTS. Lack of occupational engagement negatively affected QOL, but participation in occupations such as religious activity and caregiving promoted well-being. Financial concerns and communication barriers decreased QOL.

CONCLUSION. Breast cancer can have a negative impact on occupational engagement in low-income Latina breast cancer survivors; however, some occupations may increase QOL. Socioeconomic status and cultural values influence occupational engagement and QOL. Occupational therapy practitioners can improve health outcomes in this population through awareness of relevant sociocultural factors and attention to appropriate patient communication.
Chemical composition of ambient PM2.5 over China and relationship to precursor emissions during 2005–2012
Authors: Geng Guannan , Zhang Qiang , Tong Dan , Li Meng , Wang Siwen , He Kebin
Published: January 2017

Abstract. We estimated the changes in chemical composition of ambient PM2.5 over China during 2005–2012 using satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) data and the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model, and investigated the driving forces behind the changes by examining the changes in precursor emissions using a bottom-up emission inventory. We found that the national population-weighted mean PM2.5 concentration increased from 63.9 μg/m3 in 2005 to 75.2 μg/m3 in 2007 (+18.19 % per year), and subsequently decreased to 66.9 μg/m3 from 2007 to 2012 (−2.67 % per year), composing a flat trend of population-weighted mean PM2.5 concentration during 2005–2012. Variations in PM2.5 concentrations are mainly driven by the changes in sulfate and nitrate concentrations. Population-weighted mean sulfate concentration increased by 10.72 % from 2005–2006 (from 14.4 μg/m3 to 15.9 μg/m3) and then decreased by 4.30 % per year from 2006–2012, dominating the variations of total PM2.5 concentrations. The decrease of sulfate concentration is partly offset by the increase of nitrate concentration: population-weighted mean nitrate concentration increased by 3.39 % per year during 2005–2012 (from 9.8 μg/m3 to 12.2 μg/m3). The changes in sulfate and nitrate concentrations were in line with the changes in SO2 and NOx emissions during the same period. By examining the emission data from the MEIC emission inventory, we found that the desulfurization regulation enforced around 2005 in power plants was the primary contributor to the SO2 emissions reduction since 2006. In contrast, growth of energy consumption and lack of control measures for NOx resulted in persistent increase in NOx emissions until the installation of denitrification devices on power plants late in 2011, which began to take effect in 2012. The results of this work indicate that the synchronized abatement of emissions for multi-pollutants are necessary for reducing ambient PM2.5 concentrations over China.
Using in situ GC-MS for analysis of C2–C7 volatile organic acids in ambient air of a boreal forest site
Authors: Hellén Heidi , Schallhart Simon , Praplan Arnaud P. , Petäjä Tuukka , Hakola Hannele
Published: January 2017

Abstract. An in situ method for studying gas-phase C2–C7 monocarboxylic volatile organic acids (VOAs) in ambient air was developed and evaluated. Samples were collected directly into the cold trap of the thermal desorption unit (TD) and analysed in situ using a gas chromatograph (GC) coupled to a mass spectrometer (MS). A polyethylene glycol column was used for separating the acids. The method was validated in the laboratory and tested on the ambient air of a boreal forest in June 2015. Recoveries of VOAs from fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) and heated stainless steel inlets ranged from 83 to 123 %. Different VOAs were fully desorbed from the cold trap and well separated in the chromatograms. Detection limits varied between 1 and 130 pptv and total uncertainty of the method at mean ambient mixing ratios was between 16 and 76 %. All straight chain VOAs except heptanoic acid in the ambient air measurements were found with mixing ratios above the detection limits. The highest mixing ratios were found for acetic acid and the highest relative variations for hexanoic acid. In addition, mixing ratios of acetic and propanoic acids measured by the novel GC-MS method were compared with proton-mass-transfer time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOFMS) data. Both instruments showed similar variations, but differences in the mixing ratio levels were significant.
An improved, automated whole air sampler and gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis system for volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere
Authors: Lerner Brian M. , Gilman Jessica B. , Aikin Kenneth C. , Atlas Elliot L. , Goldan Paul D. , Graus Martin , Hendershot Roger , Isaacman-VanWertz Gabriel A. , Koss Abigail , Kuster William C. , Lueb Richard A. , McLaughlin Richard J. , Peischl Jeff , Sueper Donna , Ryerson Thomas B. , Tokarek Travis W. , Warneke Carsten , Yuan Bin , de Gouw Joost A.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds were quantified during two aircraft-based field campaigns using highly automated, whole air samplers with expedited post-flight analysis via a new custom-built, field-deployable gas chromatography–mass spectrometry instrument. During flight, air samples were pressurized with a stainless steel bellows compressor into electropolished stainless steel canisters. The air samples were analyzed using a novel gas chromatograph system designed specifically for field use which eliminates the need for liquid nitrogen. Instead, a Stirling cooler is used for cryogenic sample pre-concentration at temperatures as low as −165 °C. The analysis system was fully automated on a 20 min cycle to allow for unattended processing of an entire flight of 72 sample canisters within 30 h, thereby reducing typical sample residence times in the canisters to less than 3 days. The new analytical system is capable of quantifying a wide suite of C2 to C10 organic compounds at part-per-trillion sensitivity. This paper describes the sampling and analysis systems, along with the data analysis procedures which include a new peak-fitting software package for rapid chromatographic data reduction. Instrument sensitivities, uncertainties and system artifacts are presented for 35 trace gas species in canister samples. Comparisons of reported mixing ratios from each field campaign with measurements from other instruments are also presented.
Controls on the distribution of cosmogenic 10Be across shore platforms
Authors: Hurst Martin D. , Rood Dylan H. , Ellis Michael A.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Quantifying rates of erosion on cliffed coasts across a range of timescales is vital for understanding the drivers and processes of coastal change and for assessing risks posed by future cliff retreat. Historical records cover at best the last 150 years; cosmogenic isotopes, such as 10Be could allow us to look further into the past to assess coastal change on millennial timescales. Cosmogenic isotopes accumulate in situ near the Earth surface and have been used extensively to quantify erosion rates, burial dates and surface exposure ages in terrestrial landscapes over the last 3 decades. More recently, applications in rocky coast settings have quantified the timing of mass wasting events, determined long-term averaged rates of cliff retreat and revealed the exposure history of shore platforms. In this contribution, we develop and explore a numerical model for the accumulation of 10Be on eroding shore platforms. In a series of numerical experiments, we investigated the influence of topographic and water shielding, dynamic platform erosion processes, the presence and variation in beach cover, and heterogeneous distribution of erosion on the distribution of 10Be across shore platforms. Results demonstrate that, taking into account relative sea level change and tides, the concentration of 10Be is sensitive to rates of cliff retreat. Factors such as topographic shielding and beach cover act to reduce 10Be concentrations on the platform and may result in overestimation of cliff retreat rates if not accounted for. The shape of the distribution of 10Be across a shore platform can potentially reveal whether cliff retreat rates are declining or accelerating through time. Measurement of 10Be in shore platforms has great potential to allow us to quantify long-term rates of cliff retreat and platform erosion.
Age-dependent change of coalitionary strategy in male Barbary macaques
Authors: Rathke Eva-Maria , Berghänel Andreas , Bissonnette Annie , Ostner Julia , Schülke Oliver
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Inter- and intra-specific variation in the propensity to form coalitions has been explained by variation in the availability of suitable partners, distribution of fighting ability, coalition profitability, and costs of coordination. Male coalition formation can be an alternative reproductive strategy to one-on-one competition to maximize male reproductive success. Here we focus on age as a state variable to explain within-group variation in individual propensity to form coalitions against other group members. We specifically test the prediction that males conditionally switch from a solo strategy for achievement of high mating success to a cooperative strategy after reaching post-prime age in male Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus). We combined new observations with data collected in 2006 and 2008 on the same individuals from one captive group living in semi-natural conditions at Affenberg Salem, Germany, and found that in all years males between 5 and 13 years formed significantly fewer coalitions than males 14 years and older (post-prime). More importantly, we found those males that aged into the post-prime phase to have switched their reproductive strategy and to form significantly more coalitions in 2014 compared to 2008. These first longitudinal data together with earlier cross-sectional analyses in this and other primate species suggest that group-level measures of coalition propensity may be strongly affected by the age composition of groups and that male coalition formation can be a conditional reproductive strategy.