bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planejamento urbano: viabilização de semáforos próximos à rotatória através de um software para melhoria de fluxo de veículos e pedestres
Authors: Melo Neto Osires de Medeiros , Santos Bervylly Lianne de Farias , Carvalho Flávia do Socorro de Sousa , Nascimento Anderson Marcos Vieira do , Silva Gustavo Correia Basto da
Published: April 2020

O planejamento da rede viária é sempre essencial para qualquer proposta urbanística, seja ela uma simples reestruturação, amplificação ou proposta nova, em qualquer escala de abrangência. A pesquisa objetiva analisar a implantação de semáforos próximos à uma rotatória localizada na cidade de Campina Grande-PB, a fim de aperfeiçoar o fluxo e a segurança dos motoristas e pedestres que ali circundam. Realizou-se um estudo de fluxo, atraso e segurança na rotatória por meio de coleta de dados em campo e a utilização de um programa simulador VISSIM, avaliando um sistema da rotatória sem semáforos e outro com semáforos, onde o último se mostrou mais eficaz e com uma menor quantidade de áreas de conflitos. A fim de garantir melhoria nos horários de pico da rotatória, é aconselhada a implantação de semáforos parciais que operem normalmente em determinados períodos do dia, somado a uma faixa de pedestres na via principal.
Desenvolvimento de guia cirúrgico para auxiliar na técnica de gengivectomia em bisel interno com osteotomia: relato de caso
Authors: Nunes Itamar da Silva , Lacerda José Carlos Felix de , Nogueira Paula Lima , Dantas Maria Vitoria Oliveira , Ribeiro Rodrigo Alves , Rodrigues Rachel de Queiroz Ferreira , Sousa João Nilton Lopes de
Published: April 2020

O objetivo foi relatar um caso clínico de correção de sorriso gengival associado à erupção passiva alterada por meio de gengivectomia em bisel interno e osteotomia com planejamento reverso e auxiliado por guia cirúrgico desenvolvido para facilitar a técnica, onde feito o questionario do OHIP e do EVA para avalair a melhoria na qualidade de vida e a dor no pós-operatorio. Paciente de 23 anos estava insatisfeito com o seu sorriso que apresentava uma exposição elevada de gengiva apresentando coroas clínicas curtas. No exame clínico observou-se um aumento de volume ósseo na região anterior de maxila, diagnosticando assim como erupção passiva alterada. Antes do ato cirúrgico foi realizada a moldagem, para ser feito o enceramento a partir dos dados coletas. Após essas etapas foi desenvolvido um guia cirúrgico fenestrado com resina acrílica, seguindo as medidas previstas, sendo assim, capaz de nortear as incisões cirúrgicas. Após 21 dias do ato cirúrgico foi feita a reavaliação das novas medidas e comparando-as com aquelas estipuladas no planejamento pré-operatório, onde constatou que o aumento da coroa clínica dos elementos foi 100% igual ao planejado demostrando assim a eficácia do guia cirúrgico fenestrado, melhorando a qualidade de vida e proporcionando mínimo desconforto. Sabendo que a estética está intimamente ligada a qualidade de vida do individuo é essencial o emprego de um planejamento previsível, com uso de técnicas como enceramento de diagnóstico e guia cirúrgico que proporciona um procedimento mais confiável.
Urgensi Persistensi Laba
Authors: Husin Ng , Hendrani Ai , Ramdhani Dadan , Suryani Popong
Published: April 2020

This study aim to obtain empirical evidence about book tax difference is proxied by temporer difference and institutional ownership to earning persistence in manufacturing companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The method used is multiple regression analysis with program SPSS 25. The population in this study is manufacturing companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2017 until 2019. The Sampel in this research was done by purposive sampling methode, obtained as many as 67 companies used as a sampel with a predetermined criteria. The result indicate that the variable book tax difference and institutional ownership has significantly affect to earning persistence.
Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida vapA type V and Vibrio spp. are predominant bacteria recovered from ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta in Scotland
Authors: Papadopoulou A , Wallis T , Ramirez-Paredes JG , Monaghan SJ , Davie A , Migaud H , Adams A
Published: April 2020

Healthy and/or moribund farmed and wild ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta (>0.5 to 900 g) were sampled from hatcheries (n = 2) and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar cage sites (n = 8) in Scotland between February 2016 and October 2018. Less than half of the sampled individuals (n = 43; 32.3%) had been vaccinated (autogenous polyvalent vaccine; dip and/or injection) against atypical furunculosis (type V and VI), while 20 (15.0%) fish were not vaccinated, and the rest (70 individuals, 52.7%) were of unknown vaccination status. Swab samples from skin lesions, gill, liver, spleen and kidney were inoculated onto a variety of bacteriological agar plates, and bacteriology identification and sequencing analysis was performed on significant bacterial colonies. Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida (aAs) vapA type V was the predominant bacterial species (70/215 bacterial isolates, 32.5% of bacterial samples; 43/117 positive individual fish, 36.8%) isolated in this survey followed by Vibrio species, which were the most geographically prevalent bacteria. Photobacterium indicum/profundum was also isolated from L. bergylta for the first time during this study. The collection of these bacterial isolates provides useful information for disease management. Identifying the aAs isolates involved in disease in ballan wrasse could provide vital information for improving/updating existing autogenous vaccines.
Potret Keterwakilan Politik Perempuan Anggota Legislatif di DPRD NTT pada Pemilu 2014
Authors: Jovani Audra
Published: April 2020

Abstrak: Artikel ini mendeskripsikan mengenai potret perempuan anggota legislatif di DPRD Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) yang terpilih dalam pemilihan umum legislatif tahun 2014. Dalam kerangka implementasi afirmative action (kuota 30 persen) mengenai keterwakilan perempuan di parlemen sudah dilakukan sejak tahun 2004, dan artikel ini ingin menjelaskan bagaimana keterwakilan perempuan NTT di lembaga legislatif dilihat dari latar belakang dan motivasi perempuan dalam mengikuti pemilu. Dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus dan analisis melacak proses, artikel ini berpendapat bahwa perempuan NTT yang berpartisipasi dalam pemilu 2014 mampu berkontribusi dalam mewujudkan keterwakilan perempuan di dalam partai politik dan parlemen, walaupun dalam perjalanannya, banyak menghadapi tantangan, baik internal maupun eksternal.

Kata Kunci: Keterwakilan, Legislatif, Partai Politik, Nusa Tenggara Timur

Abstract: This article describes about women legislative member in Provincial Parliament in Nusa Tenggara Timur, who elected in legislative election in 2014. On the frame of the implementation of womenâ€™s representation in parliament that has been started since 2004 election, this article explains representation of NTTâ€™s women in parliament based on back ground and the motivation to participate in election. Using case study method and analysis with process tracing, this article argues that NTTâ€™s women who participated in election, have contributed to consummate womenâ€™s representation into their political party and parliament. Even thought, NTTâ€™s women has been faced internal and external challenges.

Key Words: representation, legislative, political party, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Perempuan dalam Masyarakat Papua: Suku Kamoro dan Muyu
Authors: Solaiman Antie
Published: April 2020

Abstrak: Tulisan ini menilik dua jenis komunitas suku, Kamoro dan Muyu, atau dua â€˜warnaâ€™ perempuan yang penulis anggap dapat mewakili keseluruhan perempuan Papua. Penulis beberapa kali mengunjungi Papua dalam satu dekade terakhir, pada kesempatan tersebut penulis tinggal dan beraktivitas bersama masyarakat Kamoro dan Muyu. Kedua komunitas tersebut tinggal di tanah Papua, yang secara administratif ada di Provinsi Papua Barat dan Provinsi Papua. Dengan melihat kepada kondisi dan konteks sosial-budaya yang melatari posisi perempuan Papua di tengah masyarakatnya, penulis ingin memberikan penggambaran yang jelas bagaimana sesungguhnya kesulitan yang dialami perempuan Papua sebagai warga negara.Kata Kunci: Perempuan, Papua, Kamoro, MuyuAbstract: This article looks at two ethnic communities, Kamoro and Muyu, or two â€˜coloursâ€™ of women whom the writer considers as representative of all Papuan women. The author has several times visited Papua in the past decade, on that occasion the author lived and did activities together with the Kamoro and Muyu people. Both communities live in the land of Papua, which administratively are in the West Papua and Papua Provinces. By looking at the condition and socio-cultural context which underlie the position of women in the midst of their society, the author wants to give a clear description on how difficult it is the real situation faced by Papuan women as citizens.Key Words: Papua, Women, Kamoro, Muyu
Tiga Babak Kekerasan dalam Marlina Si Pembunuh dalam Empat Babak
Authors: Prima Satya Putu Agung Nara Indra
Published: April 2020

Review Film "Tiga Babak Kekerasan dalam Marlina Si Pembunuh dalam Empat Babak"
Bidadari Halmahera: Hirarki Gender dalam Kisah Romansa Primadona Desa
Authors: Ubyaan Sepril Melani
Published: April 2020

Bidadari Halmahera: Hirarki Gender dalam Kisah Romansa Primadona Desa
Current Investment Strategies for Private Individuals as Small Investors in Times of Low Interest Rates
Authors: Moser, MA. MSc Ing. Martin A.
Published: April 2020

Money plays an important role, both on a social and an individual level. Secure forms of investment hardly bring any interest. Also, state financial support has changed and will continue to do so in the future. A constructive, forward-looking approach to private finances and long-term wealth accumulation are therefore becoming increasingly important. Finding the right system at the right time is a challenge that small private investors have to face continuously. On the internet, in magazines or television programs, investors will find a flood of information. The fact that unlimited amounts of data can be accessed, often creates more confusion than perspective. This applies particularly to the investment business. Based on a literature review, this article provides an overview of current forms of investment for small private investors and uses qualitative research via problem-centered interviews to critically compare their advantages and disadvantages in times of low interest rates.
Opportunity Zones-The Symbiosis of Tax Incentives and Community Development
Authors: Raskin, CPA Rachel , Brickman, CPA Sharon
Published: April 2020

U.S. lawmakers have created one of the greatest tax-avoidance opportunities in American history, while simultaneously serving underperforming American cities and neighbourhood’s (Bertoni 2018). Subchapter Z of The Investing in Opportunity Act (“The Act”), as part of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), amended the Internal Revenue Code to provide major tax incentives for investments in designated “Opportunity Zones”. The tax incentives act as subsidies by allowing investors to defer the recognition of capital gains from the sale of appreciated assets if they are timely reinvested in opportunity zones (Bertoni 2018). According to the Economic Innovation Group (2018), there is approximately $6.1 trillion of unrealized capital gains in stocks and mutual funds in the U.S. economy. Under the direction of sophisticated investors, this capital can be channelled to revitalize depressed communities and create jobs, infrastructure, and other economic opportunities. In a press release, the Department of Treasury (2018) revealed that it anticipates $100 billion in private funds will be invested in opportunity zones over the next eight years. If the intention of the act comes to fruition, capital gains that investors realize from selling previous investments will be used to fuel growth in economically depressed areas.
ABD SİYASETİNDEKİ TEMEL AYRIŞMA NOKTALARI: CUMHURİYETÇİ PARTİ VE DEMOKRAT PARTİ ARASINDAKİ BEŞ İHTİLAFLI KONU
Authors: MANİOĞLU Oğuzhan
Published: April 2020

ABD siyasal sisteminde birçok siyasi parti yer almakla birlikte, ülkedeki ana-akım siyasi parti sistem ve geleneği, Demokrat Parti ve Cumhuriyetçi Parti olmak üzere iki büyük partinin etrafında şekillenmiştir. Bu çalışma, esas olarak anılan iki ana-akım siyasi parti arasındaki temel ideolojik ayrışma noktalarını analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için, ABD’deki iki büyük partinin temel siyasi farklılıklarını analiz etmeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada, bilimsel makalelerden, kitaplardan, parti politikaları rehberinden, uluslararası nitelikteki gazetelerden yararlanılarak, iklim değişikliği, göç konusu ve göçmenler, bireysel silahlanma, idam cezası ve kürtaj gibi genel manada ABD’de siyasetinde üzerinde derin uyuşmazlıklar bulunan sosyal konularda Cumhuriyetçi Parti ve Demokrat Parti bakış açıları ve politikaları karşılaştırılacaktır. Analiz edilen bu beş konunun iki büyük parti arasındaki temel siyasi ayrışmaları ve böylece ABD siyasetindeki temel ideolojik çatışmaların ortaya konması, çalışmanın muhtemel bulgularını oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, ABD siyasetini anlamak ve seçmen davranışını yorumlamak için, bu konulara iki ana-akım siyasi partinin yaklaşımları üzerinden analizler yapmak yerinde olacaktır
A set of proofs of the Collatz-Syracuse conjecture
Authors: Galetto Fausto
Published: April 2020

We analyse some probabilistic methods for the proof of the conjecture and we provide a comparison of the proofs with another one found in the literature, using the Reliability Integral Theory and the SPQR Principle. After, we show a new proof (probabilistic) by merging the infinite number of states into three SuperStates: the merged process is still a Markov process easily solvable. Later we provide a different probabilistic proof of the Conjecture via the Reliability Integral Theory and the SPQR Principle. We devise a “ideal machine” (Gedanken Experiment) which, as quickly as one wants, makes transitions between the SuperStates and finally ends into the “Collatz Cycle” where it stays forever. Eventually we show a non-probabilistic proof using Flow Graphs. This last method, based on the flow-graph theory, provides the means to solve completely the problem.
Sources of Nutrients for High-Yielding Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) during Post-Flowering Growth
Authors: Grzebisz Witold , Szczepaniak Witold , Grześ Stanisław
Published: April 2020

Nutrient management by winter oilseed rape (WOSR) during the seed filling period (SFP) is crucial for seed density (SD), which subsequently determines seed yield (Y). This hypothesis was evaluated based on data from field experiments (2008-2010), with six treatments with sequentially added nutrients (0, NP, NPK, NPKMgS1(1/3 total MgS rate—spring applied), NPKMgS2 (total MgS rate autumn applied); NPKMgS3 (2/3-autumn, 1/3-spring). Nutrients accumulated in seeds were revealed as the most reliable WOSR trait, determining SD and Y. Yield was defined by the amounts of K and Mg in seeds. The amount nutrient remobilized from vegetative WOSR tissues was sufficient to cover the crop requirements during SFP for N, P, and Zn, but not for Ca, K, Mn, and Cu. The post-flowering K uptake resulted in PD, and SD increase, which subsequently resulted in a concomitant net uptake of Ca and Mg. The excessive accumulation of Ca, as well as Cu, and Mn in seeds due to a shortage of Mg, subsequently resulted in both SD and Y depression. The efficient exploitation of WOSR yielding potential as defined by SD, is possible, provided during the SFP reveals a net K and Mg uptake.
Beneficial Effects of Biochar and Chitosan on Antioxidative Capacity, Osmolytes Accumulation, and Anatomical Characters of Water-Stressed Barley Plants
Authors: Hafez Yaser , Attia Kotb , Alamery Salman , Ghazy Abdelhalim , Al-Doss Abdullah , Ibrahim Eid , Rashwan Emad , El-Maghraby Lamiaa , Awad Ahmed , Abdelaal Khaled
Published: April 2020

The impact of biochar and chitosan on barley plants under drought stress conditions was investigated during two field experiments. Our results confirmed that drought stress negatively affected morphological and physiological growth traits of barley plants such as plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll concentrations, and relative water content. However, electrolyte leakage (EL%), lipid peroxidation (MDA), soluble sugars, sucrose and starch contents significantly increased as a response to drought stress. Additionally, 1000 grain weight, grains yield ha−1 and biological yield significantly decreased in stressed barley plants, also anatomical traits such as upper epidermis, lower epidermis, lamina, and mesophyll tissue thickness as well as vascular bundle diameter of flag leaves significantly decreased compared with control. The use of biochar and chitosan led to significant increases in plant height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll concentrations as well as relative water content; nevertheless these treatments led to significant decreases in electrolyte leakage (EL%) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the stressed plants. Moreover, anatomical and yield characters of stressed barley plants were improved with application of biochar and chitosan. The results proved the significance of biochar and chitosan in alleviating the damaging impacts of drought on barley plants.
Ovarian Circular RNAs Associated with High and Low Fertility in Large White Sows during the Follicular and Luteal Phases of the Estrous Cycle
Authors: Hu Huiyan , Xi Jianzhong , Zhou Bo , Zhang Jing , Li Zhiqiang , Liu Zhongwu , Jia Qing
Published: April 2020

In this study, the ovarian tissues of Large White pigs were mined for novel circular RNAs (circRNAs), following which, their molecular characteristics and potential mechanisms for fertility regulation were examined. RNA sequencing was used for transcriptome analysis of ovarian follicles and corpora lutea in Large White sows with high (H) and low (L) fertility during the follicular (F) and luteal (L) phases of the estrous cycle. In total, 21,386 circRNA derived from 4535 host genes were identified. Differentially expressed circRNAs were detected in the LH vs. LL (1079) and in the FH vs. FL (1077) comparisons, and their host genes were enriched in steroid biosynthesis and forkhead box O (FOXO), thyroid hormone, cell cycle, and tumor growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling pathways. Protein–protein interaction networks were constructed on the basis of the host genes that were significantly enriched in pathways related to reproductive processes, with AKT3 and PP2CB serving as the hub genes in the networks of the LH vs. LL and FH vs. FL comparisons, respectively. The microRNA (miRNA) binding sites of the differentially expressed circRNAs were predicted, and 128 (LH vs. LL) and 113 (FH vs. FL) circRNA–miRNA pairs were identified. Finally, circRNA–miRNA negative regulatory networks were established on the basis of the gene expression profiles and bioinformatic analyses. In the current study, differentially expressed circRNAs were observed in ovarian tissues between the H and L fertility groups in both F and L phases of the estrous cycle, which suggested roles in pig fertility regulation. These findings provide new clues for elucidating fertility differences in pigs.
Possibility of Autonomous Estimation of Shiba Goat’s Estrus and Non-Estrus Behavior by Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Arakawa Toshiya
Published: April 2020

Mammalian behavior is typically monitored by observation. However, direct observation requires a substantial amount of effort and time, if the number of mammals to be observed is sufficiently large or if the observation is conducted for a prolonged period. In this study, machine learning methods as hidden Markov models (HMMs), random forests, support vector machines (SVMs), and neural networks, were applied to detect and estimate whether a goat is in estrus based on the goat’s behavior; thus, the adequacy of the method was verified. Goat’s tracking data was obtained using a video tracking system and used to estimate whether they, which are in “estrus” or “non-estrus”, were in either states: “approaching the male”, or “standing near the male”. Totally, the PC of random forest seems to be the highest. However, The percentage concordance (PC) value besides the goats whose data were used for training data sets is relatively low. It is suggested that random forest tend to over-fit to training data. Besides random forest, the PC of HMMs and SVMs is high. However, considering the calculation time and HMM’s advantage in that it is a time series model, HMM is better method. The PC of neural network is totally low, however, if the more goat’s data were acquired, neural network would be an adequate method for estimation.
The Effect of Age and Sampling Site on the Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus Infection in a Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Farm in Italy
Authors: Attili Anna-Rita , Nebbia Patrizia , Bellato Alessandro , Galosi Livio , Papeschi Cristiano , Rossi Giacomo , Linardi Martina , Fileni Eleonora , Cuteri Vincenzo , Chiesa Francesco , Robino Patrizia
Published: April 2020

A study in an intensive Italian rabbit farm was carried out to assess the effect of age category and anatomical site on detection of S. aureus and to describe the diversity of spa-types within farm, including workers. On 400 rabbits of different age, 2066 samples from the ear, nose, axilla, groin, perineum and lesions were analyzed and 595 S. aureus were isolated. In total, 284 (71.0%) were colonized by S. aureus in at least one anatomical site and 35 animals (8.8%) had lesions. S. aureus prevalence was higher in adults than other age categories. Ear (29.4%) and nose (27.2%) were the most frequently colonized sites. The presence of lesions due to S. aureus was strongly associated with the colonization of at least one body site and the risk of lesions was proportionate to the number of sites colonized by S. aureus. In addition, a genotypic characterization was performed for 96 S. aureus strains randomly selected. All isolates resulted as low-virulence methicillin-sensitive-Staphylococcus aureus (LV-MSSA). Five different clonal lineages were found: spa-t2802, the most frequently detected (53.1%), also in human samples; spa-t491 (38.5%); spa-t094; t605; and spa-t2036. Strains t094, t491 and t2036 have not been isolated in Italy before.
In Vitro Techniques Using the DaisyII Incubator for the Assessment of Digestibility: A Review
Authors: Tassone Sonia , Fortina Riccardo , Peiretti Pier Giorgio
Published: April 2020

This review summarises the use of the Ankom DaisyII incubator (ADII; Ankom Technology Corporation Fairport, NY, USA), as presented in studies on digestibility, and its extension to other species apart from ruminants, from its introduction until today. This technique has been modified and adapted to allow for different types of investigations to be conducted. Researchers have studied and tested different procedures, and the main sources of variation have been found to be: the inoculum source, sample size, sample preparation, and bag type. In vitro digestibility methods, applied to the ADII incubator, have been reviewed, the precision and accuracy of the method using the ADII incubator have been dealt with, and comparisons with other methods have been made. Moreover, some hypotheses on the possible evolutions of this technology in non-ruminants, including pets, have been described. To date, there are no standardised protocols for the collection, storage, and transportation of rumen fluid or faeces. There is also still a need to standardise the procedures for washing the bags after digestion. Moreover, some performance metrics of the instrument (such as the reliability of the rotation mechanism of the jars) still require improvement.
Natural Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Franco Carlos Manuel , Vázquez Beatriz I.
Published: April 2020

During the first two decades of this century, conventional antimicrobial compounds have been found out to have more bacterial resistance. What has also been worrying is the rediscovery of the so-called “natural compounds”, which in turn have a good name among the average citizen because of the former’s plant or animal origin. However, they do not form a well-classified group of substances. This Special Issue consists of five reviews focusing on clinical bacteria applications in food and their specific effects upon virulent bacterial factors. You will also find a research on much needed, new antimicrobials sourced in extreme environments, and secondary metabolites of Burkholderia. This issue includes 12 original research papers which will provide you with an in-depth coverage of the protein extract activity, as well as the activity of other plant extracts, on fighting bacteria, fungi or diarrhea. Their use in broilers or laying eggs for production purposes has also been focused on in order to improve gut microbiota. Last but not least, we should not forget about honey and its effect; Allium sativum-fermented extracts, as well as other “natural” compounds, have been studied in their fight against biofilms. Furthermore, we have also examined the use of essential oils, which are currently used in edibles such as fresh sausages. The present work also deals with other applications such as natural compound derivatives as well as compound mixtures.
Quality of Life of Patients with Mandibular Third Molars and Mild Pericoronitis. A Comparison between Two Different Treatments: Extraction or Periodontal Approach
Authors: Passarelli P. C. , Lopez M. A. , Desantis V. , Piccirillo G. B. , Rella E. , Giovannini V. , Speranza A. , De Leonardis M. , Manicone P. F. , Casale M. , D’Addona A.
Published: April 2020

Background: The extraction of the mandibular third molar is one of the most frequent intervention in oral surgery. A common indication for wisdom tooth extraction is represented by pericoronitis, which can determine discomfort and pain in patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of patients’ quality of life by comparing a surgical approach with a periodontal approach. Methods: We evaluated 82 patients diagnosed with pericoronitis that occurred at the third molar site. In total, 41 of them received a periodontal treatment and 41 were treated by extraction. The quality of life (QoL) of the patients was assessed by using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) index. Results: A total of 82 patients were included in the study and were followed up for 6 months. Of the patients, 41 received a periodontal treatment and 41 underwent surgical extraction. At the baseline, the OHIP-14 scores of the surgical group were higher (19.71, SD 9.90) than the periodontal group (14.41, SD 8.71). At 1 week, there was a reduction in terms of OHIP-14 in both groups, but the periodontal group showed lower values (12.3, SD 8.11). Long-term follow-up showed a reduction of the OHIP-14 values, with a difference in favor of the surgical group (0.10, SD 0.45). However, there was a reduction in OHIP-14 scores in both groups. Conclusion: Although the periodontal treatment offered a rapid improvement in terms of quality of life during the first week after the treatment, after 1 month and 6 months, the extraction of the mandibular third molar extraction remained the best treatment, removing the occurrence of re-inflammation of the site.
Phytochemical Characterization and Bioactive Properties of Cinnamon Basil (Ocimum basilicum cv. ‘Cinnamon’) and Lemon Basil (Ocimum × citriodorum)
Authors: Majdi Chaimae , Pereira Carla , Dias Maria Inês , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Alves Maria José , Rhourri-Frih Boutayna , Charrouf Zoubida , Barros Lillian , Amaral Joana S. , Ferreira Isabel C.F.R.
Published: April 2020

The aim of this work was to contribute to the knowledge on the chemical composition and bioactive properties of two species of the Ocimum genus, namely O. basilicum cultivar ’Cinammon’ and O. × citriodorum. For this purpose, samples of these plants grown in Portugal were evaluated for their composition in phenolic and volatile compounds, and the infusion and hydroethanolic extracts were assessed for their in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities. In total, the two basil samples showed the presence of seven caffeic acid and derivatives (dimers, trimers, and tetramers) and five flavonoids, mainly glycoside derivatives of quercetin. Despite some qualitative and quantitative differences, in both samples rosmarinic acid was the major phenolic compound, and linalool the predominant volatile compound. In general, the tested extracts provided relevant bioactive properties since both basil species showed higher antioxidant activity in Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARs) and Oxidative Hemolysis Inhibition (OxHLIA) assays when compared with the positive control Trolox. Despite O. × citriodorum extracts showing slightly better activity against some strains, both types of extracts evidenced similar antimicrobial activity, being more active against Gram-positive bacteria. The extracts also revealed interesting cytotoxicity, particularly the O. × citriodorum hydroethanolic extract which was also the only one exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity.
Deep-Learning-Based Active Hyperspectral Imaging Classification Method Illuminated by the Supercontinuum Laser
Authors: Liu Yu , Tao Zilong , Zhang Jun , Hao Hao , Peng Yuanxi , Hou Jing , Jiang Tian
Published: April 2020

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology is able to provide fine spectral and spatial information of objects. It has the ability to discriminate materials and thereby has been used in a wide range of areas. However, traditional HSI strongly depends on the sunlight and hence is restricted to daytime. In this paper, a visible/near-infrared active HSI classification method illuminated by a visible/near-infrared supercontinuum laser is developed for spectra detection and objects imaging in the dark. Besides, a deep-learning-based classifier, hybrid DenseNet, is created to learn the feature representations of spectral and spatial information parallelly from active HSI data and is used for the active HSI classification. By applying the method to a selection of objects in the dark successfully, we demonstrate that with the active HSI classification method, it is possible to detect objects of interest in practical applications. Correct active HSI classification of different objects further supports the viability of the method for camouflage detection, biomedical alteration detection, cave painting mapping and so on.
ProLSFEO-LDL: Prototype Selection and Label- Specific Feature Evolutionary Optimization for Label Distribution Learning
Authors: González Manuel , Cano José-Ramón , García Salvador
Published: April 2020

Label Distribution Learning (LDL) is a general learning framework that assigns an instance to a distribution over a set of labels rather than to a single label or multiple labels. Current LDL methods have proven their effectiveness in many real-life machine learning applications. In LDL problems, instance-based algorithms and particularly the adapted version of the k-nearest neighbors method for LDL (AA-kNN) has proven to be very competitive, achieving acceptable results and allowing an explainable model. However, it suffers from several handicaps: it needs large storage requirements, it is not efficient predicting and presents a low tolerance to noise. The purpose of this paper is to mitigate these effects by adding a data reduction stage. The technique devised, called Prototype selection and Label-Specific Feature Evolutionary Optimization for LDL (ProLSFEO-LDL), is a novel method to simultaneously address the prototype selection and the label-specific feature selection pre-processing techniques. Both techniques pose a complex optimization problem with a huge search space. Therefore, we have proposed a search method based on evolutionary algorithms that allows us to obtain a solution to both problems in a reasonable time. The effectiveness of the proposed ProLSFEO-LDL method is verified on several real-world LDL datasets, showing significant improvements in comparison with using raw datasets.
Buckling Analysis of Interspersed Railway Tracks
Authors: Ngamkhanong Chayut , Wey Chuah Ming , Kaewunruen Sakdirat
Published: April 2020

Nowadays, timber sleepers are still used for ballasted railway tracks to carry passengers and transport goods. However, the process of natural decay causes the problem of timber sleeper degradation over time. A temporary “interspersed” approach is used to replace rotten timbers with concrete sleepers. This implementation has several inadequacies, as interspersed railway tracks have inconsistent stiffness and experience significant deterioration over the years. Increased heat due to the change in the global climate can induce a compression force in the continuous welded rail (CWR), leading to a change in track geometry called “track buckling”. A literature review shows that track buckling on plain tracks has been widely studied. However, the buckling of interspersed tracks has not been fully studied. This study presents 3D finite element modelling of interspersed railway tracks subjected to temperature change. The effect of the boundary conditions on the buckling shape is considered. The obtained results show that the interspersed approach may reduce the likelihood of track buckling. This study is the world’s first to investigate the buckling behaviour of interspersed railway tracks. The insight into interspersed railway tracks derived from this study will underpin the life cycle design, maintenance, and construction strategies related to the use of concrete sleepers as spot replacement sleepers in ageing railway track systems. The outcome of this study will help track engineers to improve the inspection of the lateral stiffness of interspersed tracks in areas prone to extreme temperature.
2D vs. 3D Radiological Methods for Dental Age Determination around 18 Years: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dalessandri Domenico , Tonni Ingrid , Laffranchi Laura , Migliorati Marco , Isola Gaetano , Visconti Luca , Bonetti Stefano , Paganelli Corrado
Published: April 2020

The age of a living human being can be determined by applying a number of different methods; the most diffused are skeletal and dental methods, both principally based on X-rays examinations. This systematic review assesses the current evidence regarding the accuracy and reliability of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) vs. Orthopantomography (OPG) in age determination. A computerized systematic literature search of studies published up to January 2020 was conducted without language restrictions in order to identify articles comparing CBCT vs. OPG in dental anatomy evaluation, articles evaluating the accuracy of dental methods for age estimation, both with CT and OPG exams, and articles comparing CBCT vs. OPG in terms of radiation dose. CBCT was found to be more accurate compared to OPG in dental anatomy evaluation. When analyzing young adults, an estimation error of two years is considered forensically acceptable. The radiation dose of a CBCT exam is higher compared to an OPG exam. However, the difference is not as marked with small Fields Of View (FOV) and low-resolution protocols. Final conclusion was that a small FOV CBCT centered on the mandibular angle of a young patient is an accurate and safe method for dental age estimation around the age of 18.
The Progress of Cobalt-Based Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries and Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yaohui , Wang Nana , Bai Zhongchao
Published: April 2020

Limited by the development of energy storage technology, the utilization ratio of renewable energy is still at a low level. Lithium/sodium ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs) with high-performance electrochemical performances, such as large-scale energy storage, low costs and high security, are expected to improve the above situation. Currently, developing anode materials with better electrochemical performances is the main obstacle to the development of LIBs/SIBs. Recently, a variety of studies have focused on cobalt-based anode materials applied for LIBs/SIBs, owing to their high theoretical specific capacity. This review systematically summarizes the recent status of cobalt-based anode materials in LIBs/SIBs, including Li+/Na+ storage mechanisms, preparation methods, applications and strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of cobalt-based anode materials. Furthermore, the current challenges and prospects are also discussed in this review. Benefitting from these results, cobalt-based materials can be the next-generation anode for LIBs/SIBs.
Non-Scanning Three-Dimensional Imaging System with a Single-Pixel Detector: Simulation and Experimental Study
Authors: Shi Guang , Zheng Leijue , Wang Wen , Lu Keqing
Published: April 2020

Existing scanning laser three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology has slow measurement speed. In addition, the measurement accuracy of non-scanning laser 3D imaging technology based on area array detectors is limited by the resolution and response frequency of area array detectors. As a result, applications of laser 3D imaging technology are limited. This paper completed simulations and experiments of a non-scanning 3D imaging system with a single-pixel detector. The single-pixel detector can be used to achieve 3D imaging of a target by compressed sensing to overcome the shortcomings of the existing laser 3D imaging technology. First, the effects of different sampling rates, sparse transform bases, measurement matrices, and reconstruction algorithms on the measurement results were compared through simulation experiments. Second, a non-scanning 3D imaging experimental platform was designed and constructed. Finally, an experiment was performed to compare the effects of different sampling rates and reconstruction algorithms on the reconstruction effect of 3D imaging to obtain a 3D image with a resolution of 8 × 8. The simulation results show that the reconstruction effect of the Hadamard measurement matrix and the minimum total variation reconstruction algorithm performed well.
Electronic Emulator of Biological Tissue as an Electrical Load during Electroporation
Authors: Pirc Eva , Balosetti Bertrand , Miklavčič Damijan , Reberšek Matej
Published: April 2020

Electroporation is an emerging technology, with great potential in many different medical and biotechnological applications, food engineering and biomass processing. Large variations of biological load characteristics, however, represent a great challenge in electroporator design, which results in different solutions. Because a clinical electroporator is a medical device, it must comply with medical device regulative and standards. However, none of the existing standards directly address the operation or electroporator’s performance requirements. In order to evaluate clinical, laboratory and prototype electroporation devices during the development process, or to evaluate their final performance considering at least from the perspective of output pulse parameters, we present a case study on the design of an electronic emulator of biological tissue as an electrical load during electroporation. The proposed electronic load emulator is a proof of concept, which enables constant and sustainable testing and unbiased comparison of different electroporators’ operations. We developed an analog electrical circuit that has equivalent impedance to the beef liver tissue in combination with needle electrodes, during high voltage pulse delivery and/or electroporation. Current and voltage measurements during electroporation of beef liver tissue ex vivo, were analyzed and parametrized to define the analog circuit equation. An equivalent circuit was simulated, built and validated. The proposed concept of an electronic load emulator can be used for “classical” electroporator (i.e., not nanosecond) performance evaluation and comparison of their operation. Additionally, it facilitates standard implementation regarding the testing protocol and enables quality assurance.
Remote Sensing of Sewing Work Levels Using a Power Monitoring System
Authors: Jung Woo-Kyun , Park Yong-Chul , Lee Jae-Won , Suh Eun Suk
Published: April 2020

The measurement of sewing work in the labor-intensive garment industry depends considerably on the person performing the measurements, making it difficult to quantitatively define the level of skill (LS) of the sewing machine operator and the level of difficulty (LD) of the unit process. In this study, a power monitoring system attached to the sewing machine was used to remotely collect power consumption data, which were then analyzed to extract the working times for a series of sewing tasks. LS of each operator was then classified and LD of each process was analyzed in terms of working time and quality. Finally, the resulting LS and LD weight factors considered to optimize the subject garment production line were compared against those proposed by experts. The LS weight factor proposed by the experts was ~15% less than that indicated by the experimental results, whereas the LD weight factor proposed by the experts was ~15%–40% greater than that indicated by the experimental results. The results of this study suggest that the proposed method could be applied in real time to inform the arrangement of line workers to increase the productivity of a garment production line.
Numerical and Experimental Study on the Flow-Induced Noise Characteristics of High-Speed Centrifugal Pumps
Authors: Si Qiaorui , Shen Chunhao , He Xiaoke , Li Hao , Huang Kaile , Yuan Jianping
Published: April 2020

The development of low-noise pumps is essential to design quiet fluid delivery systems. Due to the complicated internal flow, the flow-induced noise characteristics of high-speed centrifugal pumps have not been well understood. Taking engine cooling pumps as an example model, experimental measurements are performed in a semi-anechoic room and a CFD/CFA calculation method is proposed to study the fluid-borne noise and radiated noise characteristics. In the speed range of 5000–6750 r/min, both the pump head and the dimensionless radiated noise characteristics conform to similar laws, and the highest efficiency point pump presents the lowest noise level. Consistent with the experimental results, the predicted radiated noise of the model pump presents dipole characteristics at the required flow rate condition. Moreover, the spectrum of fluid borne noise at pump outlet shows broadband characteristics but with obvious discrete peaks, which are not only related to the fluid pressure pulsation characteristics (6f0 and the multiple) at the low-frequency region, but also to the frequency of the structural mode (3000–6000 Hz region). Rotor-stator interaction of the pump flow field between the impeller and volute is the main reason of flow-induced noise; unstable flow also contributes to the broadband components in the noise spectrum.
Investigating the Effect of Dimension Parameters on Sound Transmission Losses in Nomex Honeycomb Sandwich
Authors: Wang Da , Xie Suchao , Feng Zhejun , Liu Xiang , Li Yingli
Published: April 2020

In this study, an impedance tube test was performed to explore the influence of various dimension parameters of Nomex honeycomb sandwich core material on sound transmission loss (STL). The parameters investigated included the size of the honeycomb cells and thickness of the face sheets and honeycomb cores, and the effects of single- and double-layered sandwich structures were also explored. The boundary element and finite element methods were used to simulate test results. The results show that the size of the honeycomb cells has an insignificant effect on STL. Increasing the thickness of face sheets can move the STL valley point of the material at high frequency (around 5 kHz) in the low-frequency direction and increase the STL in parts of the high frequency band. Increasing the thickness of the honeycomb core can improve STL, on the whole, but the magnitude of the improvement effect becomes weakened after the thickness of the core reaches 30 mm. The STL of double-layered structures was found to be superior to that of the single-layered structures. The simulations reveal that the trends in the STL curves of the honeycomb sandwich panels are influenced by the structural mode of the panels, and are related to the resonance of the materials. The results and relevant conclusions obtained through the above research verify that the law of influence of the structure dimension parameters on the STL measured by the impedance tube is similar to that of the large panel. This can provide a reference for the application of the impedance tube test method in structural noise reduction design.
The Effect of Insertion Angles and Depths of Dental Implant on the Initial Stability
Authors: Wu Hsiang-Chun , Tsai Ming-Tzu , Hsu Jui-Ting
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the measurement directions of the Periotest value (PTV) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) of dental implant fixtures inserted at various angles and depths. Five groups were organized: vertically inserted implants in an evencrestal position; implants inserted at a 17° tilt in a distal subcrestal position; implants inserted at a 17° tilt in a mesial supracrestal position; implants inserted at a 30° tilt in a distal subcrestal position; and implants inserted at a 30° tilt in a mesial supracrestal position. The PTV and ISQ were measured along four directions (buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal directions) in all specimens. The PTV and ISQ exhibited a highly negative correlation when the fixture was vertically inserted. Compared to the implants inserted vertically and at the distal subcrestal position, the fixture with a greater tilt and inserted at the mesial supracrestal position had a lower stability. The PTV and ISQ of the tilted implants were affected by the measurement direction, inserted angulation and depth.
High-Temperature Mineral Formation after Firing Clay Materials Associated with Mined Coal in Teruel (Spain)
Authors: Jordán Manuel Miguel , Meseguer Sergio , Pardo Francisco , Montero María Adriana
Published: April 2020

The production of porcelain stoneware has experienced a considerable increase. Therefore, it was necessary to undertake an investigation that would allow knowing the mineralogical evolution that porcelain stoneware undergoes during the firing process, as well as establishing the influence of the formation of mullite and other mineral or vitreous phases and their quantification. The firing transformations of mine spoils associated with mined coal in the Utrillas-Escucha-Estercuel and Ariño-Andorra areas are studied in this paper. The mineralogical composition of the bulk mine spoils is kaolinite, illite, chlorite, and smectites (in traces), with quartz and feldspar, and minor hematite, calcite, and dolomite. The main objective is to understand the generation of high-temperature mineral phases after firing, and their quantification. The formation of mullite and other high-temperature phases are studied from samples that include variable proportions of illite. Samples with a high content of illite generate mullite at 995 °C. Cristobalite was not detected as a high-temperature phase. Mullite is the most abundant mineral. The hercynite content is higher at low temperatures (995 °C), and hematite content is higher at 1150 °C. The vitreous phase represents about 50% of fired bodies. Despite observing a porous microstructure, the non-porous areas are well sintered.