bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Geochemistry and Fractionation of Cadmium Metal in Surficial Bottom Sediments and Water of the Nile River, Egypt
Authors: El-Saadani Zozo , Mingqi Wang , He Zhang , Hamukwaya Shindume , Abdel Wahed Mahmoud , Abu Khatita Atef
Published: April 2022

Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) pollute the environment. Heavy metal pollution endangers the Nile River since it serves as an irrigation and freshwater source for the cities and farms that line its banks. Water and sediment samples from the Nile River were tested for Cd content. In addition, a sequential experiment analytical method was performed to determine the metal’s relative mobility. According to the data, there is an average of 0.16 mg kg−1 of Cd in sediments. The BeniSuef water treatment plant and brick factory, the iron and steel factory of Helwan, the oil and detergent factory of Sohag, and the discharge of the cement factory in Samalut had the greatest concentration of Cd in their vicinity. According to the risk assessment code, there are four categories of Cd: residual (57.91%), acid-soluble (27.11%), reducible (11.84%), and oxidizable (3.14%). Bioavailable and mobile Cd levels in sediment and water were found in Beni Suef, Aswan; Helwan; Samalut; Sohag; and Helwan. Because the other metal is highly bioavailable, its concentration is not a risk factor at the Samalut station. Cd’s toxicity and bioaccumulation make it an extra hazard to aquatic animals and human life. There should be a deterministic approach to monitoring Cd near industrial sources.
The Unusual Metalloprotease-Rich Venom Proteome of the Australian Elapid Snake Hoplocephalus stephensii
Authors: Tasoulis Theo , Wang C. Ruth , Sumner Joanna , Dunstan Nathan , Pukala Tara L. , Isbister Geoffrey K.
Published: April 2022

The Australasian region is home to the most diverse elapid snake radiation on the planet (Hydrophiinae). Many of these snakes have evolved into unique ecomorphs compared to elapids on other continents; however, their venom compositions are poorly known. The Australian elapid Hoplocephalus stephensii (Stephen’s banded snake) is an arboreal snake with a unique morphology. Human envenoming results in venom-induced consumption coagulopathy, without neurotoxicity. Using transcriptomics and a multi-step fractionation method involving reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and bottom-up proteomics, we characterized the venom proteome of H. stephensii. 92% of the total protein component of the venom by weight was characterized, and included all dominant protein families and 4 secondary protein families. Eighteen toxins made up 76% of the venom, four previously characterized and 14 new toxins. The four dominant protein families made up 77% of the venom, including snake venom metalloprotease (SVMP; 36.7%; three identified toxins), phospholipase A2 (PLA2; 24.0%; five identified toxins), three-finger toxin (3FTx; 10.2%; two toxins) and snake venom serine protease (SVSP; 5.9%; one toxin; Hopsarin). Secondary protein families included L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO; 10.8%; one toxin), natriuretic peptide (NP; 0.8%; two toxins), cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRiSP; 1.7%; two toxins), c-type lectin (CTL; 1.1%; one toxin), and one minor protein family, nerve growth factor (NGF; 0.8%; one toxin). The venom composition of H. stephensii differs to other elapids, with a large proportion of SVMP and LAAO, and a relatively small amount of 3FTx. H. stephensii venom appeared to have less toxin diversity than other elapids, with only 18 toxins making up three-quarters of the venom.
Impact of a Natural Fusarial Multi-Mycotoxin Challenge on Broiler Chickens and Mitigation Properties Provided by a Yeast Cell Wall Extract and a Postbiotic Yeast Cell Wall-Based Blend
Authors: Kudupoje Manoj B. , Malathi Venkataramaiah , Yiannikouris Alexandros
Published: April 2022

Yeast cell wall-based preparations have shown efficacy against Aspergillus-based toxins but have lower impact against type-B trichothecenes. Presently, we investigated a combination of deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T2) and zearalenone (ZEA), and the effect of a yeast cell wall extract (YCWE) and a post-biotic yeast cell wall-based blend (PYCW) with the objectives of preventing mycotoxins’ negative effects in commercial broilers. A total of 720 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were randomly allocated to: (1) control diet, (aflatoxins 6 µg/kg; cyclopiazonic acid 15 µg/kg; fusaric acid 25 µg/kg; fumonisin B1 310 µg/kg); (2) Diet1 + 0.2% YCWE; (3) Diet1 + 0.2% PYCW; (4) Contaminated diet (3.0 mg/kg DON; 2.17 mg/kg 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol; 104 g/kg T2; 79 g/kg ZEA); (5) Diet4 + 0.2% YCWE; and (6) Diet4 + 0.2% PYCW. Naturally contaminated diets adversely affected performance, serum biochemistry, liver function, immune response, altered cecal SCFA goblet cell count and architecture of intestinal villi. These adverse effects were reduced in birds fed PYCW and to a lesser extent YCWE, indicating protection against toxic assault. PYCW yielded better production performance and stimulated liver function, with higher response to NDV and IBV vaccination. Furthermore, mycotoxins were found to affect production outputs when evaluated with the European poultry production efficiency factor compared to control or YCWE and PYCW supplemented treatments. Taken together, YCWE, when complemented with nutritional add-ons (PYCW), could potentiate the remediation of the negative effects from a multi mycotoxins dietary challenge in broiler birds.
Molecular Investigation of Recent Canine Parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) in Italy Revealed Distinct Clustering
Authors: Carrino Marilena , Tassoni Luca , Campalto Mery , Cavicchio Lara , Mion Monica , Corrò Michela , Natale Alda , Beato Maria Serena
Published: April 2022

Canine parvovirus Type 2 (CPV-2) is a worldwide distributed virus considered the major cause of viral gastroenteritis in dogs. Studies on Italian CPV-2 are restricted to viruses circulating until 2017. Only one study provided more updated information on CPV-2 but was limited to the Sicily region. No information regarding the circulation and genetic characteristics of CPV-2 in Northeast Italy has been made available since 2015. The present study investigated the genetic characteristics of CPV-2 circulating in the dog population of Northeast Italy between 2013 and 2019. The VP2 gene of 67 CPV-2 was sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was performed to identify patterns of distribution. Phylogenetic and molecular analysis highlighted unique characteristics of Northeast Italian CPV-2 and interestingly depicted typical genetic clustering of the Italian CPV-2 strains, showing the existence of distinct CPV-2 genetic groups. Such analysis provided insights into the origin of some Italian CPV-2 genetic clusters, revealing potential introductions from East European countries and the spread of CPV-2 from South/Central to North Italy. This is the first report that describes the genetic characteristics of recent Italian CPV-2. Tracking the genetic characteristics of CPV-2 nationally and globally may have impact on understanding the evolution and distribution of CPV-2, in particular in light of the current humanitarian emergency involving Ukraine, with the massive and uncontrolled movement of people and pet animals.
Effect of Heterologous Vaccination Strategy on Humoral Response against COVID-19 with CoronaVac plus BNT162b2: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Demirhindi Hakan , Mete Burak , Tanir Ferdi , Kara Ertan , Kibar Filiz , Cetiner Salih , Candevir Aslihan , Akti Sukriye Ece
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the mixed and homogeneous application of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine CoronaVac (CV) and the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (BNT). This prospective cohort study included 235 health care workers who had received two prime shots with CoronaVac. They were divided into three cohorts after the third month: Cohort-I (CV/CV); Cohort-II (CV/CV/CV); and Cohort-III (CV/CV/BNT). Anti-S-RBD-IgG and total anti-spike/anti-nucleocapsid-IgG antibody concentrations were examined in vaccinated health workers at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months following the second dose of the vaccination. The mean age of 235 health care workers who participated in the project was 39.51 ± 10.39 (min-max: 22–64). At the end of the 6th month, no antibodies were detected in 16.7% of Cohort-I participants, and anti-S-RDB IgG levels showed a decrease of 60% compared to the levels of the 3rd month. The antibody concentrations of the 6th month were found to have increased by an average of 5.13 times compared to the 3rd-month levels in Cohort-II and 20.4 times in Cohort-III. The heterologous vaccination strategy “CoronaVac and BNT162b2 regimen” is able to induce a stronger humoral immune response and it will help remove inequalities in the developing world where CoronaVac was the initial prime.
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody and T Cell Response after a Third Vaccine Dose in Hemodialysis Patients Compared with Healthy Controls
Authors: Simon Benedikt , Rubey Harald , Gromann Martin , Knopf-Völkerer Astrid , Hemedi Boris , Zehetmayer Sonja , Kirsch Bernhard
Published: April 2022

Hemodialysis (HD) patients have an increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we assess the impact of a third vaccine dose (3D) on antibody levels and T cell response in HD patients and a healthy control group in a prospective cohort study consisting of 60 HD patients and 65 healthy controls. Each participant received two doses of the BNT-162b2 mRNA vaccine and an mRNA vaccine 3D. The SARS-CoV-2 antibody response was measured 6 months after the second vaccine dose and 6 to 8 weeks after the 3D. We assessed INF-γ secretion 6–8 weeks post 3D in 24 healthy controls, 17 HD patients with a normal response, and 20 low responder HD patients. The groups were compared using univariate quantile regressions and multiple analyses. After the 3D, the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and INF-γ titers of most HD patients were comparable to those of healthy controls. A subgroup of HD patients who had shown a diminished antibody response after the first two vaccine doses developed a significantly lower antibody and INF-γ response compared to responder HD patients and controls even after the 3D. A new strategy is needed to protect low/non-responder HD patients from severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Pharmacokinetics of the Anti-Inflammatory Drug Meloxicam after Single 1.5 mg/kg Intramuscular Administration to Undulate Skates (Raja undulata)
Authors: Morón-Elorza Pablo , Cañizares-Cooz Daniela , Rojo-Solis Carlos , Álvaro-Álvarez Teresa , Valls-Torres Mónica , García-Párraga Daniel , Encinas Teresa
Published: April 2022

The therapy database currently used in elasmobranchs is still mostly based on empirical data, and there are few efficacy and safety studies supporting clinical practice. In this study, meloxicam pharmacokinetics (PK) were evaluated after a single 1.5 mg/kg IM administration to a group of seven clinically healthy adult undulate skates (Raja undulata Lacepède, 1802). Blood samples were collected before administration and at 15, 30, 60 and 90 min and 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after the IM injection. The meloxicam concentrations in plasma were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, and PK parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental model approach. The mean ± SEM values of the main PK values were 1.84 ± 0.31 μg/mL for peak plasma concentration, 1.5 ± 0.24 h for time to maximum plasma concentration, 11.43 ± 2.04 h·µg/mL for area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve, 3.55 ± 0.65 h for elimination half-life, and 5.37 ± 0.94 h for mean residency time. No adverse reactions were detected. The relatively high plasma concentration and short time to maximum plasma concentration suggest that meloxicam could turn into an efficient analgesic and anti-inflammatory candidate drug to be used in skates. Further efficacy, pharmacodynamic, and multiple-dose studies with meloxicam are needed in elasmobranchs.
Pitch–Luminance Crossmodal Correspondence in the Baby Chick: An Investigation on Predisposed and Learned Processes
Authors: Loconsole Maria , Gasparini Andrea , Regolin Lucia
Published: April 2022

Our senses are constantly reached by a multitude of stimuli from all different sensory modalities. To create a coherent representation of the environment, we must integrate the various unimodal inputs that refer to the same object into a single multimodal representation. In some cases, however, we tend to bind certain properties of the stimuli without any apparent reason, which is a phenomenon named crossmodal correspondence. For instance, we match a spiky or a rounded shape with the sound “Kiki” or “Bouba”, respectively. Similarly, we associate the left hemispace with low luminance and the right one with high luminance. Instances of crossmodal correspondences were described also in other mammals, and recently, a case of space-luminance crossmodal correspondence was reported in birds (i.e., domestic chicks). Here, we investigate the presence of pitch–luminance crossmodal correspondence in three-day-old chicks, employing experimental methods that exploit either predisposed or learned processes. While failing to report evidence for this phenomenon, we discuss the difference between statistical and structural crossmodal correspondences and the possible role of environmental factors in determining their emergence. Moreover, we discuss the importance of the different experimental methodologies to investigate distinct aspects of this perceptual phenomenon to reach a deeper understanding and unveil the role of innate vs. learned mechanisms.
Development and Application of a Rainfall Temporal Disaggregation Method to Project Design Rainfalls
Authors: Lee Jeonghoon , Kim Ungtae , Kim Sangdan , Kim Jungho
Published: April 2022

A climate model is essential for hydrological designs considering climate change, but there are still limitations in employing raw temporal and spatial resolutions for small urban areas. To solve the temporal scale gap, a temporal disaggregation method of rainfall data was developed based on the Neyman–Scott Rectangular Pulse Model, a stochastic rainfall model, and future design rainfall was projected. The developed method showed better performance than the benchmark models. It produced promising results in estimating the rainfall quantiles for recurrence intervals of less than 20 years. Overall, the analysis results imply that extreme rainfall events may increase. Structural/nonstructural measures are urgently needed for irrigation and the embankment of new water resources.
Effectiveness of Non-Thermal Plasma Induced Degradation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Water
Authors: Khan Muhammad Jehanzaib , Jovicic Vojislav , Zbogar-Rasic Ana , Poser Alexander , Freichels Katharina , Delgado Antonio
Published: April 2022

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are omnipresent synthetic chemicals. Due to their industrial importance and widespread use as a key component in various applications and a variety of products, these compounds can be found today in high concentrations (>1 μg/L) in surface and groundwater but also spread throughout the ecosystem, where they represent a serious threat to most living organisms. The removal or degradation of PFAS contaminants from water and soil is becoming a legal obligation in a growing number of countries around the globe. This, however, demands novel techniques for the degradation of PFAS since conventional water treatment techniques are either insufficient or extremely expensive due to the persistent nature of these compounds caused by their extraordinary chemical stability. The goal of this work was therefore to investigate the practical potential of the application-oriented use of atmospheric non-thermal plasma as a powerful advanced oxidation method for the purification of water contaminated with PFAS compounds. Special attention was devoted to the development of the concept that can be scaled up to the capacity level of approximately 100–200 m3 of water per hour, contaminated with PFAS and other contaminants including organic and inorganic material generally present in soil, and surface or groundwater. Our major research interest was to define the minimum required treatment time for optimal purification results, as well as to understand the influence of the initial concentration of PFAS in water and the potential presence of co-contaminants often present in situ on the efficiency of the degradation process. A chemical analysis of the treated samples demonstrated the ability of the atmospheric plasma to reduce more than 50% of the initial PFAS amount in the water samples in less than 300 s of treatment time. PFOA, however, showed more rigidity towards degradation, where a double treatment time was needed to reach similar degradation levels. The obtained results showed that the initial concentration level does not play a major role in the process. However, the PFAS degradation profiles for all tested concentrations show a strongly nonlinear behavior with time, characterized by the fast decrease of the process efficiency in the case of longer treatment times. For prolonged treatment times, a constant increase in the samples’ conductivity was measured, which might be the limiting factor for the degradation rate in the case of prolonged treatment times.
Water Quality Improvement through Rainwater Tanks: A Review and Simulation Study
Authors: Imteaz Monzur Alam , Boulomytis Vassiliki Terezinha Galvão , Yilmaz Abdullah G. , Shanableh Abdallah
Published: April 2022

First, this paper presents a thorough review of water quality data using a rainwater tank, categorizing the data as with and without sedimentation. Data are presented showing minimum, maximum, and mean values for the different parameters. The data measured from several sources reveal that water collected from the tank is much better than the water directly collected from the roof. In addition, to analyse the phenomena through a mathematical model, a hypothetical 5 kL rainwater tank with a 200 m2 roof was modelled with the MUSIC model. The simulations were compared with the measured water quality data from a rainwater tank in Melbourne. In general, we found that MUSIC’s simulations on the mean daily concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP) are slight underestimations compared to the measured data from Melbourne. Further MUSIC simulations reveal that significant reductions in the daily maximum concentrations of TSS, TP, and total nitrogen (TN) are expected through a rainwater tank.
Finite Element Analysis of Wave Barriers Used to Reduce Train Induced Vibrations
Authors: Al-Jubair Haider , Ali Jaafar , Ajel Hasan
Published: April 2022

The finite element method is used to simulate the soil vibration behavior due to the Basrah-Baghdad passenger train and its effect on a targeted building in the Al-Ma'qal quarter, Basrah governorate. Three-dimensional dynamic elastic analyses are performed to calculate the particle velocities for a train speed of 120 km/hr. The effectiveness of screening using active (10 m long) open trench barriers with variable depth (2 m - 5 m) and width (0.4 m - 0.8 m), is being studied. For a given trench width (0.4 m), the results of the parametric study revealed a considerable effect of trench depth where the screening capability near the trench is increased by (10.4 %, 26.1 %, 36.3 %) due to a (50 %, 100 %, 150 %) increase in depth. The results are less sensitive to the variation in trench width. The screening capability of a double open (0.4 m × 10 m × 2 m) trench system was also investigated, where a mitigation improvement of (36.4 %) was achieved. The vibration mitigation using single and double trench systems, filled with (40 %) rubber content mixture, was also analyzed. It is concluded that using the additional passive trench increases the mitigation of the single system by around 19.1 %. An important finding is that the (40 % rubber + 60 % native cohesive soil) mixture proved to be a good filling material, since the infilled-trench systems produced comparable screening ratios to the open systems, where (97.7 %) and (85.4 %) were accomplished for the single and double systems, respectively.
Numerical Analysis of Hollow Cross Section Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened by Steel Fibers Under Pure Torsion
Authors: Mures Jawad , Chkheiwer Aqeel , Ahmed Mazin
Published: April 2022

This numerical study aimed to investigate the torsional behaviour of hollow cross section reinforced concrete members strengthened with steel fibers (end hooked and corrugated), subjected to pure torsion. The numerical results were compared with experimental results and show good agreement. The experimental study was conducted on ten steel fiber reinforced concrete specimens with low longitudinal reinforcement ratio to investigate the torsional behavior under pure torsion. For this analysis, a computer program (ANSYS 18.2) was used. The brick elements 8-nodes (SOLID65) were used to concrete simulation, while the steel bars simulated as axial members (link 180). The steel fibre was represented theoretically by the stress-strain relationship. The theoretical results indicated that the adopted smeared crack model is capable of making relatively acceptable estimations of cracking and ultimate torsional capacity of the members.
Stiffness Requirements for Longitudinal Stiffeners of Trapezoidal Box Girder Bottom Flanges
Authors: Malik Hawraa , Jawad David
Published: April 2022

The reason for the widespread use of steel box girders is that they have high structural efficiency due to the high bending, high torsional stiffness and rapid erection. For bottom flange of the girders, the buckling behavior during production and erection due to compression strength can be a problem. The compression plate with longitudinal stiffeners typically renders an economic. The optimal design of longitudinal stiffeners is discussed. The results are based on 3-D FEA (ANSYS19.2) of many stiffened compression bottom flange models, the moment of inertia requirement of bottom flange longitudinal stiffener is investigated by studying the effect of many parameters as longitudinal stiffeners numbers, stiffener sections, plate aspect ratio and compression flange thickness. Also, the stiffeners effect on the compression panel plate stresses were studied by modeling girder with and without longitudinal stiffeners. The finite element method is useful as they can be used to study the plate with stiffeners in an economical way, and we don’t need experimental and laboratory tests.
Compact Low-Cost Reconfigurable Microwave Bandpass Filter Using Stub-Loaded Multiple Mode Resonator for WiMAX, 5G and WLAN Applications
Authors: Hasan Yousif , Abdullah Abdulkareem , Alnahwi Falih
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a compact, low-cost reconfigurable bandpass filter (BPF) for WiMax, 5G, and WLAN applications. The BPF consists of a half-wavelength resonator folded as C-shaped by a pair of symmetrical PIN diodes and a central quarter-wavelength resonator to form an E-shaped stub-loaded multiple-mode resonator (SL-MMR). The feed line is made of two subsections separated by a gap which acts as a fixed capacitance and allows the filter to have bandpass behavior. The proposed filter is modeled using the even and odd mode analysis to predict the locations of the resonant frequencies. The simulation results show that the filter covers the frequency range (3.38-3.95) GHz with a center frequency of 3.52 GHz at the ON state of a pair of PIN diodes. On the other hand, the BPF covers the frequency range (4.7-5.93) GHz with a center frequency of 5.2 GHz, at the OFF state of the diodes. The results also show a small insertion loss at the filter passband with two sharp transmission zeros at the stopband.
Delitos monetarios de falsificación y tráfico de billetes en Perú, vinculados a organizaciones criminales
Authors: Pereyra Aguilar Elmer , Ludeña González Gerardo Francisco
Published: April 2022

La falsificación de billetes de curso legal, se insertan en gran cantidad en el mercado nacional peruano y por ende en el extranjero, de manera desapercibida, siendo que la sociedad en general y los negocios en particular, erróneamente aceptan dinero falsificado como pago, sufriendo una pérdida directa e irreversible. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la vinculación de delitos monetarios de falsificación y tráfico de billetes de curso legal, en organizaciones criminales. La metodología empleada fue de tipo básica, bajo el enfoque cualitativo, orientada al análisis desde la indagación interpretativa jurisprudencial. El nivel de investigación fue descriptivo e interpretativo teniendo en cuenta informes policiales. Concluyendo que los delitos monetarios de falsificación y tráfico de billetes, están necesariamente vinculadas a organizaciones criminales, considerados en Perú como delitos no violentos o de bagatela, por lo que al solicitar la imposición de una sanción penal no se tiene en cuenta el impacto económico que pudiera causar a las víctimas y al Estado, respecto al daño causado.
La prisión preventiva en Perú y su influencia en delitos de omisión a la asistencia familiar
Authors: Panizo Moreno Dany Jesús
Published: April 2022

Se busca proporcionar elementos para la discusión sobre la relación entre razonamiento jurídico y gobernabilidad, a partir de la revisión sistemática de la evidencia científica disponible en SCOPUS, en lo concerniente a ambos conceptos. Como método, se realizó la búsqueda en SCOPUS de los términos “razonamiento jurídico” y “gobernabilidad”, descartándose los artículos que no estén disponibles para su descarga gratuita. De esta búsqueda, resultaron 4 267 referencias alusivas a razonamiento jurídico y 167 568 a gobernabilidad. Tras su revisión, se concluye que la gobernanza surge como imperativo para contar con un entorno democrático, pues se relaciona con la eficacia gubernamental y calidad regulatoria. En tanto, el razonamiento jurídico permite razonar sobre explicaciones y preguntas críticas que apuntan a fuentes de duda. Se concluye que la gobernanza se sostiene en un marco jurídico, y éste a su vez en el razonamiento jurídico. La relación entre ambos permite mantener el estatus quo.
Quid du BCG 1921...en 2021
Authors: Philippon Alain
Published: April 2022

Le BCG, acronyme de Bilié Calmette Guérin, reste le vaccin vivant atténué le plus prescrit dans le monde depuis sa première prescription chez un nouveau-né en juillet 1921. Dérivé de Mycobacterium bovis, agent de la tuberculose bovine, sa découverte fut laborieuse, mais elle perdure encore aujourd’hui. Visant initialement la tuberculose humaine à M. tuberculosis et même animale, le BCG a montré de nombreux autres effets bénéfiques en cancérologie (vessie, mélanome malin), comme anti-infectieux vis-à-vis de virus respiratoires (y compris Sars-CoV2), pour le diabète auto-immun de type 1 et même la maladie d’Alzheimer. Il a depuis les années 90 suscité de très nombreuses recherches, en particulier génomiques, permettant d’identifier plusieurs gènes impliqués dans la virulence tel le fragment ESX-1 de 15 Kd permettant d’envisager de nouveaux vaccins encore plus efficaces. Enfin la voie d’administration intraveineuse apparait prometteuse.
Landsat-Based Monitoring of Landscape Dynamics in Arctic Permafrost Region
Authors: Chen Yating , Liu Aobo , Cheng Xiao
Published: April 2022

Ice-rich permafrost thaws as a result of Arctic warming, and the land surface collapses to form characteristic thermokarst landscapes. Thermokarst landscapes can bring instability to the permafrost layer, affecting regional geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology and may further lead to permafrost degradation and greenhouse gas emissions. Field observations in permafrost regions are often limited, while satellite imagery provides a valuable record of land surface dynamics. Currently, continuous monitoring of regional-scale thermokarst landscape dynamics and disturbances remains a challenging task. In this study, we combined the Theil–Sen estimator with the LandTrendr algorithm to create a process flow for monitoring thermokarst landscape dynamics in Arctic permafrost region on the Google Earth Engine platform. A robust linear trend analysis of the Landsat Tasseled Cap index time series based on the Theil–Sen estimator and Mann–Kendall test showed the overall trends in greenness, wetness, and brightness in northern Alaska over the past 20 years. Six types of disturbances that occur in thermokarst landscape were demonstrated and highlighted, including long-term processes (thermokarst lake expansion, shoreline retreat, and river erosion) and short-term events (thermokarst lake drainage, wildfires, and abrupt vegetation change). These disturbances are widespread throughout the Arctic permafrost region and represent hotspots of abrupt permafrost thaw in a warming context, which would destabilize fragile thermokarst landscapes rich in soil organic carbon and affect the ecological carbon balance. The cases we present provide a basis for understanding and quantifying specific disturbance analyses that will facilitate the integration of thermokarst processes into climate models.
Electronic Orbital Alignment and Hierarchical Phonon Scattering Enabling High Thermoelectric Performance p-Type Mg
3
Sb
2
Zintl Compounds
Authors: Hu Jinsuo , Zhu Jianbo , Guo Fengkai , Qin Haixu , Liu Yijie , Zhang Qian , Liu Zihang , Cai Wei , Sui Jiehe
Published: April 2022

Environmentally friendly Mg
3
Sb
2
-based materials have drawn intensive attention owing to their promising thermoelectric performance. In this work, the electrical properties of p-type Mg
3
Sb
2
are dramatically optimized by the regulation of Mg deficiency. Then, we, for the first time, found that Zn substitution at the Mg2 site leads to the alignment of

p

x
,
y

and

p

z

orbital, resulting in a high band degeneracy and the dramatically enhanced Seebeck coefficient, demonstrated by the DFT calculations and electronic properties measurement. Moreover, Zn alloying decreases Mg1 (Zn) vacancies formation energy and in turn increases Mg (Zn) vacancies and optimizes the carrier concentration. Simultaneously, the Mg/Zn substitutions, Mg vacancies, and porosity structure suppress the phonon transport in a broader frequency range, leading to a low lattice thermal conductivity of ~0.47 W m
-1
 K
-1
at 773 K. Finally, a high
ZT
of ~0.87 at 773 K was obtained for Mg
1.95
Na
0.01
Zn
1
Sb
2
, exceeding most of the previously reported p-type Mg
3
Sb
2
compounds. Our results further demonstrate the promising prospects of p-type Mg
3
Sb
2
-based material in the field of mid-temperature heat recovery.
YouTube as a source of educational content in teenagers’ learning practices
Authors: Adelhardt Zinaida
Published: April 2022

YouTube is one of the most popular online social spaces nowadays combining features of both a huge repository of information and a social networking service. Millions of people use this video-sharing platform daily. Entertainment (sports, comedy, music, movie trailers), information seeking (missed news, product reviews, research on a specific topic), and educational purposes (how-to videos, learning math, or tactics for video games) were discussed as main motivational aspects for watching YouTube videos (Lagger et al. 2017). Usage of YouTube for educational purposes became particularly relevant for teenagers as a support for their home-schooling. Our goal is to find out what strategies teenagers use to find relevant educational content on the service and how important this content was for their everyday learning practices before and during the COVID pandemic. We analyzed online behavior of 34, 14 to 15-year old teenagers (47% male) who took part in a long-term adventure trip with digital media left aside. We gathered quantitative data seven months before the trip (March 2019), just before the trip (October 2019), on the last day of the trip (April 2020), and five months after the trip (September 2020). We also conducted in-depth interviews with nine teenagers, who named YouTube as their favourite online service. Our intention is now to conduct nine additional interviews with the same teenagers to see whether their everyday learning practices changed within the last year. Implications drawn from this study, further research perspectives, and limitations will be presented and discussed.
Analisis Ekonomi Politik Agraria dalam Akses Hutan di Wilayah Perhutani Melalui Program Perhutanan Sosial
Authors: Sartika Nur Shalati
Published: April 2022

The Social Forestry program in Perhutani-managed forest areas aims to improve the welfare of the community through jointmanagement and promote sustainability. The program uses the Partnership Cooperation (Kulin KK) scheme, which is regulated by theMinister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P 83 of 2016. However, this program has become a new conflict zone as variousactors are competing to dominate forest use. Women, who have allocated more time and energy to the agricultural sector, now havefew opportunities to be involved in forest management because of gender biases within the governance and implementation of theSocial Forestry program. Women also have to compete with various parties in order to participate in forest management includingPerhutani and the Forest Village Community Institution (Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan—LMDH), the party authorised to manageforest utilization programs.
Heterologous Expression of Alkaline Metalloproteinases in Bacillus Subtilis SCK6 for Eco-Friendly Enzymatic Unhairing of Goatskins
Authors: Zhang Shihao , Zhang Ruoshi , Li Xiaoguang , Xu Zhe , Tian Yongqiang
Published: April 2022

In this study, alkaline metalloprotease gene 1067 was cloned from Planococcus halotolerans SCU63T and heterologously expressed in Bacillus subtilis SCK6. Using Luria Bertani (LB) broth medium as the initial medium, the optimal medium was obtained through a series of fermentation and culture optimization (g/L): yeast extract (10), soybean powder (15), urea (20), potassium chloride (6.7), calcium chloride (13.3), NaCl (10). On the basis of the optimal medium, the highest enzymatic activity of 1259.21 U/mL could be obtained by culturing at 30°C for 40 h. with pH 8, inoculation amount of 4% and filling amount of 50 mL. EDTA inhibits protease activity and PMSF promotes it, indicating that it was a metalloprotease rather than a serine protease. The optimum reaction temperature of the protease is 70°C, and the optimum pH is 9. The metal ions Zn 2+, Co2+ and surfactant β-ME, Tween 80 can improve the activity of the protease. The results of unhairing, SEM and staining show that this metalloprotease can completely dehair goatskin. Compared with the conventional chemical method, the goatskin after enzymatic unhairing has softer texture and smoother surface, and there is no obvious damage to the goatskin.
Application of L-Ascorbic Acid as an Antioxidative Colorment in Leather Finishing
Authors: Çivi Sultan Çivi , Bayramoğlu Eser Eke
Published: April 2022

In this study, chrome tanned bovine crust leathers were dyed white during finishing process. Experiments with 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% L-ascorbic acid addition were performed on the finishing layer of the finishing application. L-ascorbic acid was not added to the control group and processed according to the standard method. After these processes, color measurement analyzes were performed on Konica Minolta CM 3600d spectrophotometer. In order to investigate the effects of L-ascorbic acid on other performance properties of leather, light fastness test according to TS 1008 EN ISO 105-B02 (2001 TS EN ISO 11640 2001) and dry rub fastness test according to standard method were performed. The results of the study were statistically evaluated according to the NCSS (Number Cruncher Statistical System) method. As a result of the research, it was observed that L-ascorbic acid gave a pearly pink color to the leathers. It was found that the dry rubbing fastness of the leathers treated with L-ascorbic acid improved. In the light fastness tests, the results of the experimental group leathers were recorded better by the blue scale.
Technology Utilization to Simplify Administrative Management and Communication in Residential Estate
Authors: Limanto Susana , Liliana Liliana , Ming Steven
Published: April 2022

Meningkatnya angka kejahatan di masa pandemi Covid-19 mengakibatkan administrasi perijinan keluar masuk kawasan perumahan dengan one gate system menjadi rumit sehingga banyak membuang waktu dan seringkali mengakibatkan antrian. Di sisi lain, anjuran pemerintah untuk mengurangi mobilitas di luar rumah mengakibatkan administrasi perumahan tersebut terganggu. Berbagai aplikasi perumahan yang telah dikembangkan masih melakukan administrasi perijinan keluar masuk kawasan perumahan secara konvensional dan membatasi hak akses aplikasi hanya oleh anggota perumahan saja. Akibatnya permasalahan administrasi perijinan keluar masuk kawasan perumahan di pintu gerbang perumahan tidak teratasi. Oleh karena itu, kami menawarkan sebuah aplikasi android dengan teknologi QR code untuk membantu manamejen administrasi perumahan sekaligus mempermudah administrasi perizinan keluar masuk di pintu gerbang perumahan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Waterfall sedangkan untuk menghasilkan kode QR digunakan QRCodeWriter. Hasil ujicoba terhadap aplikasi menunjukkan bahwa semua pihak yang terlibat dalam proses manajemen administrasi perumahan dan perijinan keluar masuk di pintu gerbang perumahan menyatakan bahwa aplikasi membantu kelancaran administrasi perumahan sehingga dapat tetap berjalan dengan baik meskipun adanya pembatasan kegiatan di luar rumah dan mempermudah administrasi perijinan keluar masuk di pintu gerbang perumahan. Namun, dari sisi pengguna sebagai warga perumahan, aplikasi ini merupakan sesuatu yang baru sehingga dinilai merepotkan karena perlu belajar banyak terlebih dahulu.
Implementasi SMOTE dan Under Sampling pada Imbalanced Dataset untuk Prediksi Kebangkrutan Perusahaan
Authors: Sabilla Wilda Imama , Bella Vista Candra
Published: April 2022

Kebangkrutan pada suatu perusahaan menjadi masalah yang serius karena dapat menyebabkan kerusakan ekonomi serta konsekuensi sosial lainnya. Sangat penting untuk melakukan prediksi kebangkrutan sedini mungkin karena prediksi ini dapat bermanfaat untuk evaluasi serta merencanakan tindakan pencegahan dalam menghindari kebangkrutan. Prediksi kebangkrutan merupakan salah satu permasalahan imbalanced classification karena data dengan kelas bangkrut jauh lebih sedikit daripada kelas tidak bangkrut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan model klasifikasi yang baik untuk melakukan prediksi kebangkrutan. Resampling diterapkan pada data latih agar menghasilkan model klasifikasi yang lebih optimal. Metode resampling yang digunakan adalah kombinasi SMOTE dan under sampling. Metode klasifikasi yang digunakan untuk prediksi adalah multilayer perceptron dan complement naÃ¯ve bayes. Performa prediksi dihitung menggunakan skor recall, ROC AUC, dan PR AUC. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, penggunaan SMOTE dan under sampling cukup signifikan dalam memperbaiki model klasifikasi pada multilayer perceptron. Pada prediksi menggunakan complement naÃ¯ve bayes, nilai recall dan PR AUC juga meningkat. Recall terbaik yang diperoleh sebesar 95,45% dengan metode complement naÃ¯ve bayes. Untuk ROC AUC tertinggi dengan resampling juga diperoleh menggunakan complement naÃ¯ve bayes sebesar 87,80%. Oleh karena itu, disimpulkan bahwa prediksi kebangkrutan menggunakan teknik resampling yaitu SMOTE dan under sampling dapat menghasilkan performa baik untuk pendeteksian kelas bangkrut.
RESCATE in situ DEL CHILE ‘POBLANO’ EN PUEBLA, MÉXICO
Authors: Rodríguez Jorman , Peña-Olvera Benjamín V. , Gil-Muñoz Abel , Martínez-Corona Beatriz , Manzo Fernando , Salazar-Liendo Leonardo
Published: April 2022

El chile ‘Poblano’ (Capsicum annuum L.) es un recurso fitogenético importante para el Estado de Puebla en México. No obstante, puede desaparecer por la carencia de acciones enfocadas a su rescate y conservación in situ. Como su preservación también depende de los productores que lo cultivan, se diseñó una investigación apoyada en técnicas de acción participativa, que tuvo por objetivos rescatar el conocimiento local sobre los criterios de selección, identificar poblaciones nativas con características deseables para los agricultores y mejorar la selección de semilla. Se trabajó con dos grupos de productores de San Matías Tlalancaleca y Juárez Coronaco, Puebla, y con 10 y 11 variedades criollas, respectivamente, procedentes de la misma localidad. Los materiales se sembraron durante el ciclo 2002-2003, a 0.80 m entre surcos, 0.40 m entre plantas, y dos plantas por mata. Durante las etapas de almácigo y campo los productores hicieron una evaluación abierta, una absoluta y otra por orden de preferencia de la variedad sembrada. Los productores identificaron como problema principal las pérdidas en almácigo, campo y cosecha ocasionadas por una enfermedad llamada localmente “secadera”, causada por un complejo de hongos y nematodos. Para juzgar la calidad de una variedad, los agricultores valoraron la sanidad y uniformidad de plántulas y plantas, el rendimiento, y diversos atributos del fruto (tamaño, forma, color, lisura e inserción del pedúnculo). Para seleccionar semilla, resaltaron la sanidad de planta y fruto y las características de este último. Como producto de las evaluaciones de los agricultores, se identificaron cuatro criollos promisorios.
New state record of Skalistes lugubris (Dohrn, 1862) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) from Mexico
Authors: Estrada-Álvarez Julio Cesar , Núñez-Bazán Reinier
Published: April 2022

The earwig Skalistes lugubris (Dohrn, 1862) is reported for the first time within the Estado de México, Mexico. The taxonomic importance structures and allometry of the male cerci are illustrated.
VERGİ SOSYOLOJİSİ KAVRAMI VE İBN-İ HALDUN’UN VERGİ SOSYOLOJİSİ YAKLAŞIMININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YORULDU Mutlu
Published: April 2022

Devletin vergi politikalarının ve uygulamalarının toplumsal tutum ve davranış kalıplarında meydana getirdiği etkiyi inceleyen bilimsel alan, mali sosyoloji alanının iki önemli bileşeninden biri olan “vergi sosyolojisi” alanıdır. Literatürde vergi sosyolojisi daha çok mali sosyoloji içinde incelenmekte ve vergi sosyolojisine ilişkin bağımsız çalışmalar pek bulunmamaktadır. Vergi sosyolojisi tarih bağlamında irdelendiğinde 1375 yılında İbn-i Haldun tarafından kaleme alınan “mukaddime” adlı eserde önemli bilgilere rastlanmakta ve eserde devlet tarafından uygulamaya konulan vergi politikalarının toplumun tutum ve davranışlarını nasıl etkilediği ve toplumun iktisadi kararları üzerinde ne denli belirleyici olduğu vurgusu yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, mali sosyoloji kavramını tanımlamak, bu kavramın önemli bir parçasını oluşturan vergi sosyolojisi kavramını; vergi sosyolojisinin bileşenleri, etkileyen faktörleri ve vergi direnci kapsamında ele almak ve konuyu İbn-i Haldun’un vergi sosyolojisi yaklaşımıyla açıklamaktır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma tekniklerinden dokümantasyon tekniğine göre analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Phonétique: Enchaînements et liaisons
Authors: Reales Pérez Francisco Javier , Caballero Muñoz Marina Isabel , Diouf Diene Bernadette
Published: April 2022

Esta cápsula introduce, aborda y ejemplifica tres fenómenos fonéticos: el encadenamiento vocálico, el encadenamiento consonántico y la liaison. El fenómeno de la liaison suele ser especialmente problemático para los estudiantes hispanohablantes, puesto que dicho fenómeno no existe en la lengua española. El contenido se presenta a través de explicaciones y ejemplos adaptados al nivel y al contenido. Dichos ejemplos han sido pronunciados por una estudiante francófona con el fin de ofrecer una pronunciación lo más real y fidedigna posible de los mismos.
Los estudiantes podrán ampliar sus conocimientos en lo relativo al fenómeno de la liaison con un segundo vídeo (Fonética Francesa: tipos de “liaisons”).
Pautas de crianza relacionadas con el comportamiento ambiental responsable en familias de zonas rurales del municipio de Ebéjico
Authors: Castrillón Martínez Yuliana , Gonzalez Gil Marta Elena
Published: April 2022

El presente texto tiene por objetivo analizar la relación entre las pautas de crianza y los comportamientos ambientales, y es producto de una investigación desarrollada en zona rural del municipio de Ebéjico, Antioquia, que partió del interés de reflexionar sobre las razones que tienen las personas para establecer relaciones singulares con el entorno. Para su desarrollo se utilizó la investigación cualitativa, el enfoque interpretativo y el estudio de caso, con el deseo de construir nuevos sentidos, a partir de los hechos sociales, y comprender el objeto de estudio de manera particular, holística y contextualizada. La población estuvo conformada por nueve padres de familia y diez estudiantes, con un tiempo de residencia mínimo de dos años en el municipio. Los resultados evidenciaron que los comportamientos ambientales son temporales y parciales, además, que existen pautas de crianza nocivas y protectoras del medio ambiente que condicionan la relación de los jóvenes con la naturaleza. Se concluye que la relación pautas de crianza-comportamientos ambientales corresponde a un campo científico poco estudiado. Explorar esta relación conlleva a la necesidad de sensibilizar a las familias para fortalecer su rol ecológico, enfocado en la formación de jóvenes que se relacionen armónicamente con el entorno.
Análisis del control interno en las instituciones de educación superior privadas del Valle de Aburrá-Antioquia
Authors: Grajales-Gaviria Daniel Alberto , Giraldo Pérez Yudy Elena , Castellanos Polo Orlando Carmelo , Cano Bedoya Jonathan
Published: April 2022

El control interno es un aspecto con el que se busca mejorar la gestión organizacional, optimizar el uso de recursos y proteger los activos; su buen funcionamiento ayuda al logro de los objetivos y aplica para todas las compañías sin distinción del sector, objeto o tamaño empresarial. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la forma en que se gestiona el sistema de control interno en las instituciones de educación superior (IES) privadas en Colombia, desde un enfoque administrativo y educativo, tomando como población la totalidad de este tipo de establecimientos educativos, ubicados en el Valle de Aburrá-Antioquia. Se realizó un análisis de situación en el total de las universidades, lo que corresponde a 25 instituciones; el método de investigación fue de índole descriptivo, y se realizó mediante un análisis de situación, aplicando un muestreo probabilístico estratificado; para la recolección de datos se utilizó un cuestionario en escala Likert. Los principales hallazgos muestran que el 42 % de las entidades no tienen un modelo de control interno, y que este se puede confundir con calidad o con coordinación académica; además, se recomienda la implementación de un modelo que permita mejorar la calidad educativa
Treatment of the femoral bone secondary deformation in the area of solitary bone cyst with spongeous cadaver homotransplant
Authors: Likholatov Nikita E. , Shmelkov Andrei V. , Bagdulina Olga D. , Pankratov Aleksandr S.
Published: April 2022

This article presents a clinical example of treatment of a patient with secondary post-traumatic deformity of the proximal femur due to a solitary bone cyst.
The cyst cavity was filled with spongeous bone homograft LYO-57, which served as a substrate for a consistent bone regeneration. The quality of the formed bone made it possible to perform corrective osteotomy of the proximal femur with stable osteosynthesis for the secondary deformity.
The results of treatment allow us to recommend this type of homotransplant for the treatment of patients with solitary bone cysts.
Ideal Via -Topological Space
Authors:   Department of Statistics, Faculty of Administration and Economics, Sumer University, Iraq, Abdulsada* Dheargham Ali , Al-Swidi Luay A.A. ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science Babyloon University, Iraq
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this paper is to present a new family called -ideal by using the center set and study the most important properties of this family, in addition, to define new points via -ideal called, -turning and -bench points with respect to -topological space.