bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The "hit" problem of five variables in the generic degree and its application
Authors: Võ Phúc Đặng
Published: February 2021

Let $P_s:= \mathbb F_2[x_1,x_2,\ldots ,x_s]$ be the graded polynomial algebra over the prime field of two elements, $\mathbb F_2$, in $s$ variables $x_1, x_2, \ldots , x_s$, each of degree $1$. We are interested in the {\it Peterson "hit" problem} of finding a minimal set of generators for $P_s$ as a graded left module over the mod-2 Steenrod algebra, $\mathscr {A}$. For $s\geqslant 5,$ it is still open.In this paper, we study the hit problem of five variables in a generic degree. By using this result, we survey Singer's conjecture for the fifth algebraic transfer in the respective degrees. This gives an efficient method to study the algebraic transfer and it is different from the ones of Singer
Fungsi Kepala Desa dalam meningkatkan Kinerja Perangkat Desa
Authors: Ahmad Yahyais
Published: February 2021

Seorang Kepala desa dalam menjalankan tugas dan kewajibannya dibantu oleh perangkat desa untuk menjalankan roda pemerintah desa. Oleh karena itu seorang perangkat desa harus memiliki rasa disiplin dan tanggung jawab yang tinggi serta sadar akan tugas dan kewajibannya dalam melayani masyarakat agar tercipta keharmonisan dalam pemerintah desa. Berbagai upaya dalam melaksanakan tugasnya telah dilakukan oleh kepala desa terhadap perangkat desa guna meningkatkan kemampuan perangkat desa melalui pembinaan, pengawasan, keteladanan dan memberikan motivasi dapat dikatakan cukup baik Maka dengan demikian dapat di simpulkan peranan yang dilakukan oleh kepala desa dalam meningkatkan kinerja perangkat desa cukup dapat berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. begitupun pelayanan kepada masyarakat oleh perangkat desa sukorejo juga cukup dapat berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Dari hasil penenlitian bahwa kinerja Pemerintah Desa Sukorejo sudah cukup baik, mereka berusaha bekerja sesuai dengan fungsi dan tugas dari masing-masing tanggung jawabnya akan tetapi masih ada beberapa kendala yang menyebabkan pekerjaan ada yang tertunda penyelesaiannya, hal itu bisa saja dikarenakan faktor dari dalam perangkat desa itu sendiri dan juga faktor lainnya dari pemohon. Kepala desa berharap kedepannya hal tersebut tidak terulang kembali sehingga tidak ada tugas yang terbengkalai berkaitan dengan pelayanan kepada masyarakat.
Temperature and water depth effects on brGDGT distributions in sub-alpine lakes of mid-latitude North America
Authors: Stefanescu Ioana , Shuman Bryan , Tierney Jessica
Published: February 2021

Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) in lake sediments are increasingly being used to reconstruct past temperatures. However, recent studies suggest that brGDGT distributions and concentrations vary with lake size and environmental conditions such as seasonality and its effects on water column temperature and chemistry. To test their use as a paleothermometer in high-altitude environments of mid-latitude North America, we analyzed brGDGT distributions in lake surface sediments across a range of lake depths and elevations in the Rocky Mountains of Wyoming and Colorado. Our results suggest that brGDGT distributions and the MBT’5Me index correlate with water column temperatures, which are sensitive to both lake water depth and air temperatures. Based on these relationships, we developed a calibration to mean summer air temperatures using a Bayesian regression model that incorporates the MBT’5Me index and lake water depth. We applied our calibration to lake sediments from Lower Paintrock Lake in northern Wyoming to test its use as a paleothermometer. Reconstructed temperature trends are consistent with pollen-inferred temperatures at the same site and with known regional climate history, demonstrating that our calibration can be successfully applied to infer temperatures in high-altitude environments of mid-latitude North America.
Null Regions: A Unified Conceptual Framework for Statistical Inference
Authors: Smiley Adam Herschel , Glazier Jessica , Shoda Yuichi
Published: February 2021

Ruling out the possibility that there is absolutely no effect or association between variables may be a good first step, but it is rarely the ultimate goal of science. Yet that is the only inference provided by traditional null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), which has been a mainstay of many scientific fields. Reliance on NHST also makes it difficult to define what it means to replicate a finding, and leads to an uncomfortable quandary in which increasing precision in data reduces researchers' ability to perform theory falsification. To solve these problems, in recent years several alternatives to traditional NHST have been proposed. However, each new test is described using its own terminology and practiced in different fields. We describe a simple, unified framework for conceptualizing all these tests so that it is not necessary to learn them separately. Moreover, the framework allows researchers to conduct any of these tests by asking just one question: is the confidence interval entirely outside the null region(s)? This framework may also help researchers choose the test(s) that best answers their research question when simply ruling out ‘no effect at all’ is not enough.
Cultural Change through the Interplay between Actors and Environments: Niche Construction and a Multilevel Approach
Authors: Kusano Kodai
Published: February 2021

Researchers theorize cultural change as societal adaptation to the environment. However, the ecological framework typically ignores the fact that people systematically create their own environment, effectively changing the ecology to which they adapt. Here we advance conceptual and analytical tools for a more dynamic framework of cultural change. First, we draw on the theory of niche construction to argue that organisms modify their environments in ways that impact their own evolution. Second, we advocate for a multilevel approach to analyze heterogeneity of longitudinal processes across multiple units: cultural change can be understood as a within-society process nested within higher-level units that differ across space. We then apply a distributed lag/lead model, which owes to multilevel modeling, to identify the mutual causality between environment and culture. Focusing on the 50 U.S. states, we analyzed how modernization variables—wealth and individualism—functioned to reduce tuberculosis (TB, 1993-2018) and sexually transmitted diseases (STD, 1984-2014). We found evidence for reciprocal causation: modernization generally preceded reduction of TB and STD, but decrease in these diseases also increased future wealth and individualism. Moreover, the positive impacts of modernization on mitigating future diseases were stronger among collectivistic states, especially for the relationship between rising individualism and reduction of STD. We explore the virtues and limitations of this approach, but encourage a more dynamic approach in research on cultural change.
That’s a lot to Process! Pitfalls of Popular Path Models
Authors: Rohrer Julia M. , Hünermund Paul , Arslan Ruben C. , Elson Malte
Published: February 2021

Path models to test claims about mediation and moderation are a staple of psychology. But applied researchers may sometimes not understand the underlying causal inference problems and thus endorse conclusions that rest on unrealistic assumptions. In this article, we aim to provide a clear explanation for the limited conditions under which standard procedures for mediation and moderation analysis can succeed. We discuss why reversing arrows or comparing model fit indices cannot tell us which model is the right one, and how tests of conditional independence can at least tell us where our model goes wrong. Causal modeling practices in psychology are far from optimal but may be kept alive by domain norms which demand that every article makes some novel claim about processes and boundary conditions. We end with a vision for a different research culture in which causal inference is pursued in a much slower, more deliberate, and collaborative manner.
Mental well-being during Covid-19 in adults, mothers and children: behavioral evidence and neural premarkers
Authors: Borbás Réka , Fehlbaum Lynn V. , Dimanova Plamina , Negri Alessia , Arudchelvam Janani , Schnider Cilly Bernardette , Raschle Nora Maria
Published: February 2021

We describe data on an extensively characterized group of children and adults (N=69, 41♀, age range=7-51y, including 26 children and mothers) with a total of ~2’500 tests conducted prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our findings indicate significant effects of Covid-19-related restrictions on mental well-being and psychosocial functioning in children and adults, with changes associated with duration or easing of restrictions. Well-being in mother-child dyads was strongly correlated. For children, time spent outside and friends met were a significant predictor of mood. Additionally, neural correlates of mentalizing in prefrontal regions, assessed prior to Covid-19, preceded later development of fear of illnesses and viruses for all participants, while, among mothers, temporoparietal activation preceded higher perceived burden of care during restrictions.
Implementation of Law No. 23 of 2004 Concerning Elimination of Domestic Violence (PDKDRT) in Upholding of Women's Rights (Case Study: In the City of Makassar)
Authors: Husain Husaimah , Pulubuhu Dwia Aries Tina , Iswary Ery
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the implementation of the Law on the Elimination of Domestic Violence in Upholding Women's Rights, as well as supporting factors and inhibiting factors in Makassar City. This research is a qualitative research with data collection techniques using observation, in-depth interviews, document studies, and descriptive data analysis techniques. The research informants were 11 female victims of violence in the Makassar City area P2TP2A consultants, P2TP2A officers, citizen shelters, and female activists who provide assistance against Cases of Domestic Violence. The results of the data analysis show that the informants experienced complex problems due to the violence they experienced, there was a misunderstanding from the informants regarding the concept of domestic violence, informants were reluctant to use the PKDRT Law in handling their cases because of the assumption that the domestic violence problem was in the Domestic area and became taboo to bring to court.
Forschungsinfrastrukturen für die Kommunikations- und Medienforschung im deutschsprachigen Raum
Authors: Strippel Christian
Published: February 2021

Trotz ihrer hohen Professionalisierung hat es die Kommunikationswissenschaft im deutschsprachigen Raum bislang weitgehend versäumt, Forschungsinfrastrukturen aufzubauen, die den besonderen Anforderungen der Kommunikations- und Medienforschung im Fach gerecht werden. Es fehlen Langzeitstudien zur kontinuierlichen Beobachtung des Medienwandels, eine systematische Erhebung und einfache Bereitstellung von Untersuchungsmaterial sowie eine koordinierte Methodenentwicklung. Im Vergleich zu anderen sozialwissenschaftlichen Fächern, für die solche Infrastrukturen bereits seit längerem existieren, büßt die kommunikationswissenschaftliche Forschung dadurch erheblich an Effizienz und Systematik ein. Obwohl diese Defizite lange bekannt sind und auch schon mehrfach beanstandet wurden, hatten entsprechende Initiativen zum Aufbau solcher Infrastrukturen für die Forschung im Fach bislang wenig Erfolg. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt diese Initiativen vor, diskutiert mögliche Gründe für ihr Scheitern und formuliert auf dieser Grundlage Vorschläge für zukünftige Initiativen in den drei Bereichen Materialversorgung, Langfristforschung und Dateninfrastruktur.
Does Transition to Retirement Promote Grandchild Care? Results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
Authors: Tanskanen Antti O , Danielsbacka Mirkka , Hämäläinen Hans , Solé-Auró Aïda
Published: February 2021

Grandparental child care is an important form of intergenerational support. Thisarticle explored first time whether the transition to retirement affects the amount of grandchildcare that European grandparents provide to their descendants. The association between entryinto retirement and grandchild care was studied using the longitudinal Survey of Health,Ageing and Retirement in Europe conducted in 16 countries and four regimes: SouthernEurope, Central Europe, Northern Europe, and Eastern Europe. Data collected in five wavesbetween 2004 and 2015 were utilized. We ran panel fixed-effect regression models, whichconsider individual’s variation and person-specific changes over time, providing a test forcausality in the associations between retirement and grandchild care. Transition to retirementwas associated with increased grandchild care among both grandmothers and grandfathers.Grandmothers more often looked after grandchildren than grandfathers, but entry intoretirement increased grandchild care more among grandfathers than grandmothers. Transitionto retirement was associated with increased grandchild care in all parts of Europe, but themagnitude of the effect was strongest in Southern Europe, followed by Northern Europe,Central Europe, and Eastern Europe, respectively. This study indicated that when the roleconflict as grandchild caregivers and employees disappears, the amount of grandchild careolder Europeans provide to their descendants increased. The fact that at retirement older adultshave more time resources to provide informal family support should be carefully acknowledgein policymaking and discussions considering the societal role of older people.
The Implications of Morality Politics for Diversifying the STEM Workforce
Authors: McNeely Connie L.
Published: February 2021

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce development, identified as a critical consideration for meeting current and future societal needs and challenges, depends on the capacity to draw upon a talented pool of individuals possessing requisite knowledge and training. In the United States, as elsewhere, related questions have arisen about who constitutes that pool and the conditions under which it has been determined. Noting the currency and controversies surrounding persistent inequalities and inequities in STEM educational attainment and workforce participation, the research presented here offers an elaborated framework and dedicated analysis of related processes, with the goal of extending understanding and delineating implications for identifying strategic points for intervention. In ideological and political terms, efforts to combat related educational and workforce disparities reflect a “morality politics” diffused in social identities and behaviors and embedded in structural claims with broad and pragmatic implications for STEM educational access and workforce opportunity. With particular attention to race and ethnicity (and gender), this analysis revisits and unpacks related assumptions and addresses challenges attached to the distribution of benefits and burdens in the face of both ideological and practical expediencies in determining profiles of STEM participation and inclusion.
A retrospective case series of rupture uterus during five years period at a rural medical college in West Bengal, India
Authors: Patra Kajal Kumar , Mandal Apurba , Chattopadhyay Shibram , Biswas Arunava , Majumder Siddhartha
Published: February 2021

Background: Rupture of the uterus carries major risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality especially in the developing world.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to identify retrospectively the risk factors leading to uterine rupture through case series and to determine the feto-maternal outcome of such serious clinical condition.
Material and Methods: A retrospective study was done at Bankura Sammilani Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India from January 2014 to December 2018 to observe the incidence, aetiology, management and complications with maternal and foetal mortality and morbidity associated with rupture of the uterus in pregnant women at different gestational periods. The data were obtained from the case record section of the hospital. All rupture uterus cases were included excluding the dehiscence of scarred uterus.
Results: Twenty-one cases of Rupture Uterus were documented out of total delivery of 43,323 mothers in five years. There was a single maternal death and 15 (71.42 %) unbooked cases. Previous mode of delivery was found to be vaginal in 5 cases (23.8%). Most of the incidences of rupture uterus were scarred uterus (previous caesarean section and repaired uterus) 16 cases (76.19%), prolonged / obstructed labour 4 cases (19%), inductionof labour 1 (4.76%) and spontaneous rupture 1 (4.76%). Most cases were multiparous; site of rupture was in lower uterine segment in 18 cases (85.7%), fundal rupture 2 cases (9.52%) and left lateral 3 cases (14.2%). Bladder injury was in 1 case (4.76 %). Total abdominal hysterectomy was performed in 2 cases (9.52%) andsubtotal hysterectomy were done in 15 cases (71.4%); repair of the ruptured uterus wasperformed in 4 cases (19%). Fever and wound infections were present in 5 cases (23. 8%). Maternal death 1(4.76%) and 3 babies survived with perinatal mortality 18 (85.7%).
Conclusion: Mandatory antenatal care, prompt diagnosis and safe instrumental delivery may change the rupture uterus incidences.
Percutaneous management of Stuck Rotational Atherectomy Burr: Experience at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Raj Ajay , Nath Ranjit Kumar , Thakur Ashok Kumar , Singh Ajay Pratap , Pandit Neeraj , Khairnar Sripad Vasant
Published: February 2021

Background: The incidence of stuck rotational atherectomy (RA) burr is extremely low, and its description has been sporadic in the literature about the systemic management of this complication.
Aims and Objective: The current study was designed to present the experience of our center and propose an algorithm for the retrieval of stuck RA burr.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated cases of RA between August 2018 to August 2020 at our center. An entrapped RA burr was defined as an inability to move the burr backward without any additional maneuvers during or after the rotablation of a coronary lesion. Angiographic and procedural details were reviewed in the identified cases of entrapped rotablator burr, details of maneuvers used to retract the burr was documented. We further analyzed the literature using PubMed search using the keywords “entrapment of rotablator burr”, “stuck rotablator” and “rotablation complications”. All the articles with entrapped rotablation burr were identified and scrutinized for the techniques used for percutaneous retrieval.
Results: Out of the total 5780 Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures, RA was performed in 75 patients and RA burr entrapment was confirmed in two cases. Both the cases were seen in patients with angulated and heavily calcified lesions. The cases were managed percutaneously by endovascular maneuvers. A total of 8 techniques were identified by analysis of available literature for burr retrieval with surgery being the favored one. Using the experience of our center and available literature we propose a simplified working algorithm towards systematic management of this complication.
Conclusion: RA burr entrapment is rare, but a life-threatening complication, and the operator should be prepared with strategies for successful retrieval of stuck burr. Percutaneous retraction maneuvers should be used as the first-line management for retrieval of stuck burr followed by surgical referral. Using the proposed algorithm this rare complication can be managed systematically and effectively.
A Study on Urinary Glycated Albumin to urinary albumin excretion in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Paul Chandramallika , Banerjee Santanu , Mukhopadhyay Satinath , Goswami Kalyan
Published: February 2021

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a public health problem in India with implications well pronounced in pregnancy and beyond. Biomarkers like Glycated Albumin (G.A.) can well monitor the glycaemic status and evaluate the transient hyperglycaemic spikes, which account for the diabetic complications.
Aims and Objectives: In this study, we intend to study urinary G.A. excretion with respect to urinary albumin excretion expressed as UGA% in gestational diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for a period of 16 months on 177 pregnant women who attended antenatal clinics for the first time at a single centre.Among the surveyed population, 26 pregnant women subsequently developed GDM, and 31 healthy pregnant women who did not develop GDM were included in the study.
Results: The UGA% between GDM and healthy mothers showed an increase in GDM with a p value <0.05 during the first and second trimesters. Pearson’s correlation coefficient at 5% interval showed moderate to strong correlation for fasting plasma glucose (FBS) vs UGA% in 1st trimester(r= 0.61) and 3rd trimester(r=0.54).
Conclusion: The higher UGA% in GDM mothers in the early trimester may help monitor glycaemic status efficiently and timely. Long term follows up would be worthwhile to predict future progression to nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Henceforth, UGA being a non-invasive marker may emerge as a more patient-friendly marker reducing the hassles of innumerable invasive tests to monitor the well-being of a mother aswell as a foetus during pregnancy.
Clustering analysis of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Al-Imam Ahmed , Khalid Usama , Al-Doori Hend
Published: February 2021

This is Letter to the Editor
Funding and management support for recovering of micro, small and medium enterprises during disruption of COVID-19
Authors: Antoni Antoni
Published: February 2021

This study analyzes financial and management support for the recovery of MSMEs after the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Small businesses' development is expected to drop about conditions of funding and management in line with the national pandemic response policy. To answer this problem, we have carried out various data collection techniques, including introductory reading, literature review of publications, and other documentation. Then analyze with a phenomenological approach through critical analysis, explain what we get through keyword searches to find literature, evaluate, identify themes, determine structures, and draw conclusions. The critical analysis process for the validity and reliability of the answer findings ensures that the findings have answered this study's questions. By paying attention to existing data and analysis results, it can be concluded that small business activities receive funding and management support from the government as a stimulus effort after being faced with various difficulties. These publications' findings prove the seriousness of governments in several countries and local governments to help small businesses survive during the pandemic and after the outbreak. Thus, this study's results will be meaningful input for all stakeholders in the world of MSMEs.
Samobójstwo w kulturze dzisiejszej. Listy samobójców jako gatunek wypowiedzi i fakt kulturowy
Authors: Witkowska Halszka
Published: February 2021

A comparative study which juxtaposes original suicide notes with their cultural representations and allows for seeing the differences between such texts. An interdisciplinary approach, which uses cultural, language and suicidal interpretations thus enabling a scientific dialogue with the narrative created by culture, media and society.
Biofísica
Authors: Valgas Artur Antunes Navarro , Gonçalves Tatiane Alves , Amaral Lisandra Catalan do
Published: February 2021

O objetivo dessa investigação foi analisar a efetividade do uso de tecnologias na educação domiciliar com foco na integração entre os componentes de Física e Biologia. Diante das dificuldades encontradas no cenário posto pela pandemia, buscamos uma abordagem para contemplar as duas disciplinas. Por meio de um trabalho integrado, desenvolvemos o estímulo do raciocínio e pensamento crítico, além da exploração dos conceitos de forma integrada e contextualizada. As ferramentas educacionais utilizadas, possibilitaram um trabalho síncrono e integrado. Desta forma, o presente trabalho faz uma análise da efetividade do uso de tecnologias na educação domiciliar com foco na integração dos saberes. Para isso, foram ministradas três aulas síncronas de 1h30min, por meio do Microsoft Teams com as temáticas relacionadas a biofísica, em duas turmas de primeira série do ensino médio (n=18) de uma escola privada do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As aulas foram avaliadas com o uso de um formulário aplicado pelo Microsoft Forms e as respostas foram investigadas por Análise textual discursiva, onde foram elencados duas categorias emergentes e sete subcategorias. Como resultados, identificamos que a integração entre os componentes contribuiu para compreensão dos conceitos de forma complexa, facilitando o entendimento dos fenômenos trabalhados.
Design Thinking como percurso metodológico para construção de produto educacional
Authors: Sarah Filgueiras de Farias Marcella , Pereira Mendonça Andréa
Published: February 2021

Neste artigo, apresentamos uma aplicação de Design Thinking (DT) como percurso metodológico para concepção de um produto educacional (PE) no âmbito de um Curso de Pós-Graduação, na modalidade profissional, na área do Ensino. Os fundamentos teóricos apresentam as fases e técnicas do DT, seguidos de sua aplicação prática na construção de um guia didático que tem por finalidade orientar professores na elaboração de roteiros de aprendizagem para guiar o estudo autônomo dos alunos. Este trabalho contribui diretamente para: (i) demostrar a aplicação de DT na geração de PEs, no âmbito de uma pesquisa científica na área do Ensino; (ii) expor as “idas e vindas”, muitas vezes, necessárias para conceber uma solução bem sucedida para um problema de pesquisa; e, (iii)  destacar o duplo papel de um aluno de Programa de Pós-Graduação na modalidade profissional – o de pesquisador e de projetista de produtos.
Financial planning as a tool for strengthening the company's financial stability
Authors: Zhakupova A.A. , Niyazbekova Sh.U.
Published: February 2021

Object: The analysis of financial position indicators and the selection of more optimal ones for effective management decision making is a significant task for the formation of a financial stability strategy influenced by financial planning indicators. This article sets the purpose of analyzing the impact of financial planning on financial stability on the example of oil and gas industry.Methods: We wrote this article using the following methods: economic and statistical, abstract and logical, monographic, economic comparison, methods of system analysis.Findings: Findings and conclusions given in the article can be used for the financial planning development and implementation. The analysis on XXX JSC material considering a logarithmic function has helped us to identify forecast for the development of financial planning and conditions of both internal and external environment. Also based on regression analysis we have given corresponding proposals and conclusions.Conclusions: Using statistical data based on XXX JSC’s financial indicators, we have analyzed the influence of some factors - such as the current liquidity ratio, income from sales of products and services—on the final profit by constructing a regression model.
Analysis of the relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and development of the transport industry in Kazakhstan
Authors: Bolganbayev A.D. , Myrzabekkyzy K. , Kelesbayev D.N.
Published: February 2021

Object: Logistics became a very crucial business in many countries. Meanwhile, the main transport routes connecting the continents of Asia and Europe pass through the territory of Kazakhstan. In this sense, Kazakhstan's geographical location is of commercial importance. Logistics amount to the 20% to 30% of the gross domestic product (GDP) in developed countries. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the changes in gross domestic product (GDP) on the developments in the transportation sector by analyzing the relation between the GDP and major indicators of the  transportation sector.Methods: The data obtained from this study is evaluated using time series analysis and regression analysis methods.Findings: The transportation system is an important part of the infrastructure of Kazakhstan and has a great impact on the level of development of the country's economy. Therefore, analyzing these developments is very important both for understanding the development of the transport sector and for predicting the future of the sector. In this study, the relationship between the variables considered as the main indicator in the transportation sector and the gross national product was analyzed and the effect of the development in the gross national product on the developments in the transportation sector was determined.Conclusions:H1a: The effect of GDP on FRTRANS is explained with the linear regression model; H1b: The effect of GDP on FRTTRANS is explained with the linear regression model; H1c: The effect of GDP on PSCTRANS is explained with the linear regression model; H1d: The effect of GDP on PSCTTRANS is explained with the linear regression model; H1e: The effect of GDP on FT_RAIL can’t be explained with the linear regression model; H1f: The effect of GDP on PT_RAIL can’t be explained with the linear regression model.
The historical experience of reforms of taxation of individuals in Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Ischuk T.L. , Baimukhametova A.S.
Published: February 2021

Object:The study evaluates a reasonable logical sequence of actions (stages) from the analysis of the state of the tax system of individuals and making a decision on reform, to the definition of spare options in case of failure.Methods:The theoretical and methodological basis for writing this article are the works of foreign, Russian and Kazakh scientists in the field of theory and methodology of taxation of individuals.Results:The relationship between the measures and results of individual tax reforms based on the experience of Russia, Kazakhstan and other countries from 1991 to 2020 in the framework of ten-year cycles ending in crises, and the provisions of the theories of reforms, taxation, and tax regulation of the economy was revealed. An algorithm for implementing reforms is proposed in (figure 1). Conclusion: The article analyzes the results of reforms of taxation of individuals for the period from 1991 to 2020.On the example of Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account theories of reforms of taxation and tax regulation of the economy.Identified patterns in the periodicity conduct of reforms, good luck and mistakes in their conduct in terms of tax theory, tax regulation of the economy and the theory of reforms. It is proposed to algorithm of carrying of reform of taxation, which can serve as a universal tool for reforming both the entire tax system and its individual elements. The algorithm can serve as a universal tool for reforming both individual subsystems of the state tax system, and for the tax system in general.
Models of youth entrepreneurship encouraging in Kazakhstan: current state, systemic issues and long-term outlook
Authors: Khussainova Zh.S. , Zhartai Zh.M. , Abauova G.M. , Lambekova A.N. , Syzdykova D.I.
Published: February 2021

Object: The paper seeks to assess the current state of development and effectiveness of support for youth entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan with the development of a long-term strategy for its growth.Methods: We used statistical data analysis, methods of system, structural and functional analysis, as well as SWOT analysis of youth entrepreneurship and its support mechanism in Kazakhstan.Results: We have identified key components of the current model of institutional support for the development of youth entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan and the main parameters of their functional effectiveness. The analysis hasrevealed the following: lack of systematic (integrated) support for the development and encouraging youth entrepreneurship including a program-oriented approach (in particular, a special state program for the development of youth entrepreneurship); availability of a small range of institutional tools for specialized support for the development of youth entrepreneurship (including the lack of a special Fund to support youth entrepreneurship); lack of effective coordinated interdepartmental interaction between state, public and non-state institutional segments to support and encourage youth entrepreneurship. We have revealed main elements of the current model of financial support for youth entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan and its effectiveness’parameters. The analysis has shown the lackof special financial instruments for comprehensive support of youth entrepreneurship and specialized targeted financing of this business segment. We have revealed systemic issues of development of youth entrepreneurship and its support mechanism in Kazakhstan. The result of the study is a detailed SWOT matrix of youth entrepreneurship and its support mechanism in Kazakhstan and extrapolation of its results to promising strategies for further development of the youth segment in thebusiness sector.Conclusions: The effective development of youth entrepreneurship in the country is determined by institutional and economic parameters of the current system and its potential dynamics. It is the opportunities for dynamic promotion that are dominating in the cyclical and possibly circular growth of youth entrepreneurship. This requires application of a new methodology for long-term analysis. One of the most important methods of this approach is the foresight, which we study in the next section of this paper.
Current trends in the development of business-education in Kazakhstan (experience and challenges)
Authors: Narynbayeva A.S. , Korotkova T.S. , Simanaviciene Z.
Published: February 2021

Object: The purpose of the research is to investigate global trends in business education, analyze the development of the business education system in the country, evaluate its current state, identification of factors that hinder the development of the domestic business education system, identification of existing problems and disadvantages, and suggestion of solutions to these problems.Methods: system, functional and statistical analyses, complex and historical approaches for studying the development of business education.Results: The results revealed that the system of business education in Kazakhstan has developed and is currently at the stage of development. In the context of a changing business environment and high competition in the domestic market of business education for the implementation of management personnel training programs, the need to investigate and take into account the needs and interests of employers, business schools, and program participants themselves is becoming increasingly relevant. This issue is considered in the research on the example of one of the promising direction of training of professional managers of “Master of business administration” (MBA) program.Conclusions: Based on the analysis of Kazakhstan and foreign sources, made research it is analyzed the latest developments of international business schools and the degree of their implementation in domestic practice, as well as offered suggestions for further improvement of the business education system, increasing the contribution of professional managers to ensuring sustainable development of the country’s economy and social sphere.
Modeling and analysis of the mutual influence of the RUB / KZT and USD / KZT exchange rates: the period before the pandemic and as a result of the impact of COVID-19
Authors: Ruziyeva E.A. , Nurgaliyeva А.М. , Yessymkhanova Z.K. , Chaykovskaya L.A.
Published: February 2021

Object: to assess of the interdependence and mutual influence of the exchange rates of the RUB and USD against the tenge before the COVID-19 and during the period of its impact on the Kazakhstan`s financial market.Methods: the main research methods are regression modeling, the least squares method, analysis and generalization of methodological approaches of authors assessed the influence of various factors on the exchange rates of countries.Findings: the COVID-19 introduced uncertainty in the formation of exchange rates of the RUB / KZT and USD / KZT. The strong direct relationship between the RUB / KZT and USD / KZT, which existed before the pandemic, as a result of the impact of COVID-19, was replaced by a negative and weaker correlation dependence.Conclusions: the impact of the pandemic on the exchange rates of the ruble against the tenge and the dollar against the tenge is ambiguous, which reduces the degree of mutual influence of exchange cross-rates between the ruble and the US dollar even in countries that closely interact with each other. Further research is required to identify the factors that contributed to this change in the interdependence of the ruble / tenge and dollar / tenge.
Role and development of personal husbandries in solving employment issues in the region
Authors: Shinet G.G. , Zhadigerova G.A. , Yesbolova A.Y. , Andarova R.K. , Zhussipova E.E.
Published: February 2021

Object: The content of the article is intended for agriculture to contribute to the solution of a social problem – employment of the population.Methods: It provides for the functioning of the population's economy in the agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its share in the production of agricultural products today. It describes the principle of operation, quantitative indicators of population farms, the share in the production of agricultural products. Quotes about the conduct of numerous studies on the self-employment of the agricultural population.Results: Farms of the population explained the current situation in agriculture, which has its own share in the employment of the rural population. However, there are no complete targeted comprehensive studies for the study of rural employment. In this regard, the validity of the study and analysis of this topic is given. By providing quantitative data, the public has proved that agriculture has a significant share in the production of agricultural products.Conclusions: This covered the employment of the rural population, which in the competition can be found in the interpretation of their income. This explains that rural populaton isself-employed and earns on household farms.
Innovative activity of the enterprises in Kazakhstan: economic and statistical analysis
Authors: Tashenova L.V. , Babkin A.V.
Published: February 2021

Object: the purpose of the presented scientific article is to conduct an economic and statistical analysis of the innovative activity of the enterprises in Kazakhstan; the object is the enterprises of Kazakhstan, characterized by innovative activity, introducing and using in their activities the results of intellectual labor, represented by new technologies, technical objects, patents for inventions, utility models, industrial designs, etc.Methods: to achieve the goal of the research, general scientific methods were widely used, in particular, the method of analysis, which made it possible to determine the entire set of parameters that characterize the innovative activity of enterprises in Kazakhstan; a generalization method aimed at establishing existing relationships between the considered economic objects and phenomena; method of graphic interpretation, which made it possible to visualize the results obtained; economic and mathematical methods, represented by correlation and regression analysis, methods of checking the constructed model based on the Student's, Fisher's test, the coefficient of determination and the Darbin-Watson test; forecasting methods based on the constructed multiple regression.Results: within the framework of the research, the authors built a multiple regression model for the innovation activity of the enterprises in Kazakhstan, the adequacy and correctness of which was verified using the Student's t-test, Fisher's test, the coefficient of determination and the Darbin-Watson test. At the sametime, using the Gauss method, the normal system of equations was solved, which made it possible to obtain a standardized regression equation, taking into account the calculated coefficients. It is also important to note that the article provides a comprehensive analysis of the development of the theory of innovation and key approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “innovative activity of an enterprise” based on the researchof various scientific materials, including those widely represented in scientometric databases - Scopus, Clarivate Analytics, Google Scholar and RSCI.Conclusions: using of correlation-regression analysis in terms of constructing multiple regression models is the optimal method that allows not only to effectively and comprehensively describe the innovative activities of the enterprises in Kazakhstan, but also to use it for the subsequent forecasting of the analyzed base indicator (dependent variable). The most important aspect remains the choice of parameters, which should be built on a deep and comprehensive understanding of the economic phenomenon under consideration, while their selection should be based on their strict economic interpretation, in particular by constructing matrices of pair correlation coefficients and taking into account multicollinearity.
Transformation of university strategies in the digitalization of the educational space
Authors: Zhashkenova R.B. , Aimagambetov Ye.B. , Pritvorova T.P. , Omarova A.T. , Nakipova G.Ye.
Published: February 2021

Object: is to analyze the strategy of universities in the context of the digital economy, where the emphasis is on transforming the strategy of universities in the field of their interaction with the state and the business community in the context of digitalization.Methods: research methodology is a set of methods, mechanisms, principles, measures to improve the efficiency of development and use of new information and communication technologies, which are a prerequisite for the further development of education and digital pedagogy, in the implementation of an effective information educational environment, which is the basis for the development of any university.Findings: authors for such indicators as the cost of services rendered and goods sold, produced on their own by the universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the internal costs of R&D in the Republic of Kazakhstan, hypothesized that there is a connection between: the total costs of ICT and the cost of services provided by the universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan ; ICT expenditures and scientific R&D expenditures in the Republic of Kazakhstan.Conclusions: based on the conducted regression analysis, the author of the article concluded that:1) with an increase in internal R&D costs by 1% of its average level, the total costs of ICT will increase by 1.342% of their average level, with the cost of services rendered and goods sold by themselves produced by the universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan unchanged;2) with an increase in the cost of services rendered and goods sold, produced on their own, by the universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan by 1% of their average level, the total cost of ICT will increase by 0.025% of its average level, while the volume of internal R&D costs remains unchanged.
Directions of the state policy of technological development of the mining and metallurgical complex of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kabdybay A.K. , Kenzhebekov N.D. , Syzdykova D.I. , Ulybyshev D.N. , Zhailauov Ye.B.
Published: February 2021

Object: The purpose of the research is to determine the priorities of Kazakhstan's technological policy aimed at modernizing and developing high-tech production in the domestic metallurgical complex.Methods: The research used the method of system analysis, the method of collecting secondary information, the method of structuring goals.Results: As the main results, it is necessary to highlight the assessment of the state and definition of the role of the metallurgical complex in the economic potential of the republic, based on the definition of development priorities, recommendations were given on the structural and technological reform of metallurgy in Kazakhstan. It should be noted that with a high share of the export component in the sales structure of metallurgical enterprises and a constant shortage of metal products in the domestic market, domestic enterprises do not have a strong motivation to expand the range and master new materials.Conclusions: In our opinion, breakthrough technologies from the existing innovation system should not be expected in the near future, the transfer of technologies is difficult due to existing counterparties: foreign investments of large transnational corporations are aimed at developing the raw material base and attracting mining capacities. In this regard, state policy should be aimed primarily at the complexity and rationality of the use of natural resources. To ensure a more complete use of the production capacities of the existing enterprises, one of the ways to replenish the retired capacities is to bring into operation poor off-balance ores, as well as re-development of previously worked out areas, reactivation of protective pillars and recovery of ores written off as losses.
Priority directions of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kernebaev A.S. , Taubayev A.A. , Zhukenov B.М. , Borisova Ye.I. , Saifullina Yu.M.
Published: February 2021

Object: The purpose of the study is to determine the attitude and needs of agricultural producers in Kazakhstan in innovative technologies, to determine the directions of appropriate state support for these processes on the basis of a corresponding sociological survey.Methods: We used the methods of pilot sociological research on topical issues of innovative development of entrepreneurs of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan, including such issues as state support for innovation, financing of activities and innovative processes, long-term and short-term plans of market participants, prospects for entering the foreign market through the introduction of innovative technologies.Findings: The data obtained in this pilot study are general in nature and their analysis will not make any final conclusions on the situation related to the activities of agricultural companies in the conditions of priority of innovation as one of the factors determining the overall situation of business development within the agro-industrial complex. As part of this study, we set the task to find out why the agricultural sector is not attractive to scientists and innovators, although there are specific results of the development and implementation of innovative technologies in Kazakhstan.Conclusions: Development of innovations and promotion of technological modernization of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan should be aimed at sustainable development of agro-industrial enterprises through: - orientation of applied science to the tasks of agricultural modernization, creation of an effective system for generating and using innovations in the rural economy; - formation and development of a management system for innovative and technological development, including a system of technological forecasting and planning, development and implementation of programs for innovative and technological development of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan.