bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO DOS TRANSTORNOS ALIMENTARES NA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Braz Washington Moura , Sampaio Ana Gabriela Holanda , Amorim Samuel Ilo Fernandes de , Batista Hermes Melo Teixeira , Oliveira Gislene Farias de
Published: December 2024

Os Transtornos Alimentares (TA) são uma variedade de transtornos psicológicos complexos que podem levar a prejuízos físicos e psicológicos significativos e estão associados a altas taxas de mortalidade e baixas taxas de detecção e intervenção. A pandemia do COVID-19 interrompeu a vida diária em escala global, impactando as rotinas das pessoas, os ambientes de vida e o bem-estar físico, mental e emocional. A pandemia impactou negativamente na vida de pessoas com transtornos alimentares, de modo que as taxas de incidência de anorexia nervosa (AN), transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica (BED), bulimia nervosa (BN) e desordem alimentar (DE) aumentaram durante o confinamento relacionado ao COVID-19. O presente estudo objetivou uma revisão de literatura sobre a avaliação dos transtornos alimentares na pandemia do covid-19, nos últimos 4 anos, especificamente 2019 a 2022, na base de dados PubMed, em artigos de língua portuguesa, inglesa ou espanhola. Os resultados eliciaram 5 categorias: 1 - Implicações físicas/fisiológicas (25%); 2 – Implicações mentais/emocionais (33,3%); 3 – Implicações sociais (33,3%); 4 – Implicações na manutenção do tratamento (25%) e 5 – Implicações no agravamento, fatores predisponentes e reforço do transtorno alimentar (33,3%). Embora o número de artigos neste estudo seja relativamente pequeno ante as buscas iniciais na literatura, foram suficientes para retratar a realidade através de diversas dimensões possíveis, conforme as cinco categorias eliciadas. Mesmo que a amostra não permita uma generalização dos achados, mas proporcionaram uma concordância entre si quanto ao prejuízo da pandemia do COVID-19 aos portadores de Transtornos alimentares.
ANTROPOLOGIA E MEDICINA: AUTOFLAGELO, CÂNTICOS E RITUAIS DOS PENITENTES DE BARBALHA(CE) E SUAS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DESTA PRÁTICA
Authors: Araújo Filho Francisco Jaime de , Morais Júnior José Humberto de Sousa , Freire Matheus Alessandro Callou , Bezera Neto Dionizio Gonçalves , Bezerra Joseilton Carlos , Barbosa Francisco Maxwell Leite , Feitosa Pedro Walisson Gomes
Published: December 2024

O presente trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo principal compreender a forma como se elaboram as representações sociais dos penitentes do Sítio de Cabaceiras, no município de Barbalha-CE, sobre a prática do flagelo, enquanto forma de penitência. Utilizou-se como suporte metodológico a Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS), uma vez que a mesma é considerada como uma forma de saber prático, elaborado no âmbito dos fenômenos comunicacionais e que reflete as interações e mudanças sociais. O mundo dos Penitentes Irmãos da Cruz, seus cânticos, chamados benditos e incelências, suas Representações Sociais da morte do morrer e das intervenções divinas nesses fenômenos, constituíram o foco de interesse deste estudo. A análise das representações sociais sobre a temática permitiram a identificação de aspectos do modo de pensar e de agir desse grupo, com relação à construção do sentido de pertença e o conteúdo subjetivo da realidade ali vivenciada. Procurou-se compreender de que forma este fenômeno encontra-se implicado na vida cotidiana dos atores sociais envolvidos. A amostra constituiu-se de cinqüenta e cinco sujeitos, todos moradores do Sítio de Cabaceiras. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta dos dados foram: a associação livre de palavras e entrevistas semi-dirigidas. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 1978) e pelo programa Tri-deux-mots (CIBOIS, 1998). Os resultados apontam para uma indissociabilidade entre o conceito de “penitência” e de “ser penintente”; demonstrou-se que estas expressões encontram-se intimamente associados a religião, a coisa boa, que faz bem a alma, que faz ser feliz e viver bem com o outro, sem briga, sem bebida. Quanto ao flagelo, é representado como vida de Jesus, é desejo de Deus, é fé, é comunicar-se com Deus, é o bem da alma, maneira de representar a vida de Jesus, comparando com o que Jesus sofreu por nós, nas expressões dos sujeitos da pesquisa.
Revisión del concepto de espacio en la movilidad urbana: del positivismo a la experiencia del sujeto en el espacio
Authors: Villouta Daniela
Published: December 2024

Los estudios urbanos han comprendido la movilidad desde diversos y complejos puntos de vista y objetos de estudio. Sin embargo, dada la naturaleza inter-disciplinaria del concepto y su compleja historia de enfoques, se ha dificultado la comprensión y la resolución de las problemáticas urbanas. Esto ha impedido sentar las bases de una disciplina esen-cial para la comprensión de la ciudad. Específicamente, la literatura comprende la movilidad como parte de la ciudad, sin embargo, ha variado la forma de entender el espacio de la ciudad y, por tanto, esa movilidad puede ser tradicionalmente categorizada de diferentes maneras. El presente documento se enmarca en esta problematización para aportar a la construcción de un marco teórico a partir de la revisión del concepto de espacio en la movilidad urbana. Mediante una metodología de revisión de literatura narrativa y cualitativa que se desarrolla mediante los siguientes motores de búsqueda: i) movilidad urbana; ii) espacio urbano; iii) historia de la movilidad y iv) estructura urbana. Los resultados relevan el rol del entorno construido y la movilidad en la noción de ciudad desde una visión positivista hacia otras visiones en tanto objeto espacial, sistema o dialéctica. Es posible observar que la movilidad, más allá de considerarse un sinónimo de vencer una distancia en el espacio, puede abordarse, además, desde su dimensión potencial, también conocida como capital de movilidad o la capacidad para ser móvil en el territorio. En esta oportunidad, el rol de la configuración del entorno construido junto a teorizaciones del capital de movilidad puede dar lugar a una comprensión del aprovechamiento socialmente diferenciado del territorio y las oportunidades –o barreras– creadas para la co-presencia y el encuentro en los espacios públicos.
Thunder, Lightning, and Earthquakes and Their Impact on the Sanctuary of Zeus On Mt. Lykaion
Authors: Voyatzis Mary E. , Romano David Gilman , Davis George H. , Jordan Pamela , Said Ryan K. , Cummins Kenneth L. , Beck Susan
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT: We present here an interdisciplinary inquiry exploring why a sacred site was established on the southern peak of Mt. Lykaion and developed into a major Greek sanctuary to Zeus, documented by ancient authors and in use for thousands of years. The site offered many attractions, but most compelling may have been the dynamic expressions of natural forces experienced there: powerful earthquakes, ground motion, lightning, and thunder. Scientific quantification of the frequency of lightning and thunder identifies Mt. Lykaion as one of the best places in Greece to see lightning and hear thunder, and the place in the Peloponnese where the most distant lightning could be viewed and thunder heard.
Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Dersi Öğretim Programlarında Birlikte Yaşama Kültürü (2010 ve 2018 DKAB Programları Özelinde)
Authors: Karataş Meryem
Published: December 2024

Küreselleşme, bireylerin ve toplumların yaşamında değişimlere yol açmıştır. Küreselleşmenin sonucu olarak birbirlerine yaklaşan farklılıkların bir arada yaşama tecrübesi birlikte yaşamayı destekleyen değerlerin öncelenmesini zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Bu değerlerin aktarıldığı kurumlardan biri okullardır. Okullardaki eğitim planlamalarındaki etkenlerden biri ise öğretim programlarıdır. Bu bağlamda örgün din eğitimi programının birlikte yaşama kültürüne olan katkısının ne olduğunu ortaya koymak, son iki program arasında varsa konunun ele alınış biçimindeki değişiklikleri betimlemek çalışmanın amaçlarındandır. Çalışmada DKAB öğretim programlarında farklılıkların neliği, kazanımlardaki görünürlüğü, öteki ile kimlerin kastedildiği, öteki ile olan iletişimin nasıllığı, farklı kültürlere karşı nesnel bir dilin kullanılıp kullanılmadığı sorularının cevapları aranmıştır. Bu sorulara cevap aramak için doküman incelemesi yolu ile ilgili öğretim programları betimsel olarak incelenmiş ve veriler yorumlanmıştır. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemi özellikleri taşımaktadır. Araştırma içeriği temalar ve kodlar arasındaki ilişkilere dayalı olarak tasarlanıp düzenlenmiştir. Çalışmanın temaları birlikte yaşama kültürüne katkıda bulunacak bireysel, sosyal ve kültürel faktörlerden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda 2010 ve 2018 yılı öğretim programlarında birlikte yaşama kültürünü destekleyen kazanımlar, içerikler ve etkinlikler olduğu görülmüştür. Özellikle İslâm dini içindeki farklı yorumların zenginlik olarak vurgulanması söz konusudur. Ayrıca 2010 ve 2018 DKAB öğretim programlarında birlikte yaşama kültürünü destekleyen kavramsal çerçevede bazı farklılıkların olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
Interlingual Error Analysis in the Writing of Tamil-Speaking College Students
Authors: Sinnappan Margaret , Abdul Samat Norhanim
Published: December 2024

Writing is one of the most challenging language skills for students to master. Because of the structural differences between languages, interference from the pupils' mother tongue can cause problems when writing in English. The current study attempts to investigate how the first language's influence can hinder language acquisition, particularly in terms of writing skills. This research explores this issue deeper by looking at how the Tamil language, in particular, influences Tamil speakers' English essay writing. The respondents are chosen from the intermediate proficiency group. Intermediate proficiency suggests a score of B to C in their form five Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM).  The lexical, morphological, semantic, and syntactical aspects of 42 writing samples from college students will be examined for this study. Errors will be identified, categorised, and evaluated in the writings. The findings will highlight the primary errors in the students' works: omission, overinclusion, misselection, misordering, and blends or direct translations of Tamil. While we must comprehend why and how mother tongue interference impacts their writing, it is critical to address these difficulties to reduce errors as they go to higher levels of writing. The study's findings will recommend students notice the distinctions between their first language (L1) and the English language, as well as learn to understand the languages' distinctive features and structures to compose communicative and proper sentences.
Categorial Semantic Contours Semi-Phraseologized Sentences
Authors: Lychuk Maria , Shabat-Savka Svitlana , Marchuk Lyudmila , Sukalenko Tatiana , Shevchuk Zoreslava
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the categorical meanings of the semi-phraseologized sentences and characterisation of their semantic types. The study is based on the interpretation of semi-phraseologized sentences as colloquial syntactic constructions not only in Ukrainian but also in other languages. The categorical meanings of the semi-phraseological sentences “affirmation”, “negation”, “asessment” and “expression of will” make it possible to distinguish certain semantic types of semi-phraseologized sentences with corresponding categorical meanings. The classification feature is the phraseosyntactic meaning fixed to a stable structural scheme. The phrase-syntactic meaning forms the content of the phrase scheme components: morphological expression of permanent and variable components. Semi-phraseologized sentences with the categorical meaning of “affirmation” formed three semantic types: 1) with the actual affirmation meaning; 2) with the meaning of categorical affirmation; 3) with the meaning of conditional affirmation. Semi-phraseologized sentences have two manifestations of the categorical meaning of “negation”: 1) with actual negation; 2) with categorical negation. Semi-phraseologized sentences with categorical meaning of the “assessment” formed the two semantic types: with undifferentiated assessment and with negative assessment. Semi-phraseologized sentences with categorical meaning of the “expression of will” do not form semantic types due to the chaotic selection components of the colloquial type of phrase schemes.The proposed algorithm will help to organize specific non-segmented syntactic constructions in the syntax oral speech of speakers of different linguistic cultures.
Task-Based Language Assessment: A Case Study in Effectiveness in EFL Contexts
Authors: Alshakhi Abdullah , Albalawi Marwan
Published: December 2024

Language assessment bears profound influence on language learning, especially in foreign language teaching and learning environments. Formative assessment using feedback and correctional strategies facilitates learning very effectively. Task-based language assessment (henceforth TBLA) employed as a formative assessment technique is a comparatively new assessment model. The present paper discusses the results obtained from a qualitative study conducted with undergraduate students at a Saudi university investigating the effectiveness of TBLA as an assessment technique as well as a learning aid helping learners improve their writing skills. Observation, semi-structured interview, and document analysis were used as data collection instruments in the study. The findings show that TBLA aligns very strongly with the given syllabus objectives and enhances learners’ language use and higher order thinking skills. The findings of the present study have serious pedagogical implications in Saudi Arabian EFL contexts as the technique is found to be effective in improving learners’ English writing skills.
Artificial Intelligence in Software Engineering: Transforming Development Paradigms in Financial Services through Machine Learning Innovations
Authors: Vishal Sresth  , Sudarshan Nagavalli  , Aakash Srivastava
Published: December 2024

The use of AI in software engineering has made immense changes in the development paradigms, including the application of ML. This paper discusses how to improve traditional methods with the development of AI-based approaches in software engineering sciences up to 2019. In this paper, we specifically explore the advantages that have stemmed from ML innovations to determine how such technologies enhanced the productivity rates for the development systems, automated repetitive chores, optimized the development cycles, and addressed the issues of defect control. In this comparative study, different aspects of ML models and their growth and use over time have been described, along with yearly utilization and an analysis of graphs showing the trend of AI integration. Reflections based on this historical period stress the transformative processes in software engineering practices and the development of AI as an enabler. Lastly, the paper concludes the observed transformational effects of AI in applied domains, highlights the limitations and maps potential future directions for applying AI to address emerging and unresolved issues in software engineering. Overall, this work offers a fundamental angle of view to assessing AI as a critical actor in remaking program construction before 2020.
Il rapporto tra sport e concorrenza alla prova della giurisprudenza nazionale. Sui poteri regolatori delle federazioni sportive nazionali in relazione all’art. 102 TFUE
Authors: Carucci Valentina
Published: December 2024

The article, starting from the recent ruling of the Council of State, section. VI, n. 5054 of 2024, regarding the abuse of a dominant position by a National Sports Federation, aims to retrace the European administrative and jurisprudential evolution regarding the relationship between the sports system and competition, and to compare the principles consolidated before the Court of EU Justice both with respect to the approach given by the AGCM to the contested sanction measure and with respect to the annulment decision taken by the Council of State. In light of this analysis, I will conclude on the consistency of the decision with European precedents and on its innovativeness in the Italian jurisprudential panorama, and I’ll identify some measures that the Authority could adopt in the future to set up investigations regarding the exercise of normative and regulatory powers on the part of the exponential subjects of the national sports system.
Pure Islamic Study Programs in Indonesia: Scientific Paradigms, Challenges, and Sustainability Initiatives
Authors: Tedy Armin , Zikri M. , Rahmat Ihsan
Published: December 2024

This article seeks answers by discussing the scholarly paradigm of Islamic study programs in Indonesia, the challenges of era 4.0, and the efforts they are making to survive. Pure Islamic Studies program is one that teaches predominantly Islamic texts or is monodisciplinary. The program has been proven to contribute to a skilled and professional workforce, although this is doubtful for the future. The phenomenon of being disinterested, unproductive, and even closed down indicates that pure Islamic studies programs are facing serious problems. The research is based on primary and secondary data. Primary data collection comes from observations and interviews. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained from articles and related policy documents. This article found that the difficulty of pure Islamic study programs to compete is not only caused by market-driven and sophisticated technological developments, but also the conceptual-analytical paradigm originating from the Middle East has been deeply rooted in the learning methods. Islamic study program managers have made efforts by expanding partnership networks, strengthening informal education, and publishing information on social media. This study points to the importance of taking into account the needs of the market and aligning them with the ultimate goal of graduates. Supporting various activities aimed at developing students’ skills beyond those learned in the program is needed.
Fostering Diversity and Moderation Through Multicultural Education: Insights from Pesantren Ulul Albab Yogyakarta
Authors: Maunah Binti , Afnan Habibi Muhammad , Zakiya Pratiwi Etty
Published: December 2024

This article looks at multicultural education at Ulul Albab Balirejo Umbulharjo Student Boarding School, Yogyakarta. Multicultural education is about understanding and accepting differences in religion, culture, gender, social class, race, ability and age. Multicultural education is the best way to deal with diversity in Islamic boarding schools. Multicultural education helps students deal with globalisation by teaching them about different cultures. Successful multicultural education produces students with high tolerance. With multicultural education, students will understand and appreciate diversity. Multicultural education in boarding schools helps students learn from each other and teaches them to be moderate and to respect other cultures. The research method is qualitative and descriptive. The data was collected through interviews, observation and documents. This study shows that multicultural education training is about not discriminating based on ethnicity, class and gender. Pondok Pesantren Ulul Albab Balirejo Umbulharjo Yogyakarta also teaches Arabic and English. Pesantren Ulul Albab Balirejo Umbulharjo Yogyakarta is an example of Islam as a religion of peace. It promotes pluralism and multicultural education. It also works to reduce institutional egoism and promote diversity. To strengthen its role, it needs to reform its curriculum to integrate multicultural values into character education.
Quantum computing tools
Authors: Bozhko I. , Kozel N. , Chetverykov G.
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the current state of existing quantum computing tools is investigated, such tools as IBM Q Experience, ProjectQ, Rigetti Forest are considered, and special attention is given to the programming language Q# as the most advanced quantum computing tool currently available. As quantum computing today is one of the main areas of research, relevant tools are created to simplify the development of quantum programs, on the one hand, and provide a platform for testing and launching them, on the other hand. Therefore, the authors examined existing tools and presented the results in this paper.
Юродивый как антропологический тип в романах Ф. М. Достоевского
Authors: Холоднова Ксения
Published: December 2024

Герои-юродивые, созданные Ф. М. Достоевским в его произведениях, давно привлекают к себе внимание исследователей творчества великого писателя и философа. В данной статье будут проанализированы некоторые из существующих трактовок, а именно взгляды С. Н. Булгакова и В. И. Иванова на феномен юродствования у Ф. М. Достоевского. Автор статьи также предпринимает попытку впервые в научной литературе исследовать юродивых у Ф. М. Достоевского как антропологический тип и доказать, что истоки юродства коренятся в двойственности человеческой природы. Главным методом исследования становится антропологический анализ, вспомогательными – текстологический и сравнительный. Основными героями, к анализу которых обращается автор данной статьи, являются Соня Мармеладова из романа «Преступление и наказание» и Марья Тимофеевна Лебядкина из романа «Бесы». Такой выбор героев не случаен. Хромоножка – один из примеров классического юродивого в творчестве Ф. М. Достоевского, а юродство Сонечки Мармеладовой до сих пор некоторыми исследователями ставится под сомнение. Анализ двух разных образов юродивых поможет выявить то общее, что было, по Ф. М. Достоевскому, сердцевиной юродства как феномена. Также предполагается точечное обращение к образам Лизаветы Смердящей, князя Мышкина и Алеши Карамазова. Юродивый будет восприниматься автором не как сумасшедший, а как человек обратной перспективы, который редуцирует сущее и подчиняется лишь внутреннему причинению.
Hydrochemical characteristics of water quality of the Bystrytsia River basin (Lviv region)
Authors: Bonishko Oksana , Dubis Lidia , Lutsyshyn Olena
Published: December 2024

The article investigates the hydrochemical composition of water in the Bystrytsia River basin. The ratio of the main water ions was determined and it was found that along the flow the hydrochemical facies of water changes from HCO3-–Ca2+ to HCO3-–Ca2+–Mg2+. River water has an average mineralization, which increases from 391 mg/l to 463 mg/l. The reaction of the environment in the Bystrytsia River basin is mostly slightly alkaline (pH=8.15) and changes to neutral (pH=7.2) in the village of Hrushiv. Permanganate oxidation of river water in the village of Velyka Ozymyna is higher than in other areas and is associated with the presence of lowland peatlands in this area, which are a source of humic acids. A tendency for a gradual increase in phosphates P–PO43- from the river source to its mouth and sudden changes in the concentration of nitrates N–NO3- has been noted. The contamination coefficients of such biogenic elements are less than 1. Ammonium ions, nitrites and many heavy metals (Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb) were not detected in the river water of the Bystrytsіa river basin.
The water in the Bystrytsia River basin corresponds to class 1 according to the water pollution index (very clean, IW=0.02-0.16) and this indicator is 1.8 times lower than in the Dniester River. The increase in the water pollution index along the river is due to increases in the multiplicity of phosphates in the water. The ecological state of water in the Bystrytsia River basin using the complex indicator СPES was determined to be stable with features of instability (CPESmin=-0.61 and CPESav=0.87), instability was detected in the Novoshytska HPP reservoir, in the villages of Zalokot and Urizh. The negative complex indicator of the ecological state of water in these areas corresponds to the sanitary and toxicological indicators (CPES 3) and is due to the influence of magnesium ions, which dominate over Ca2+ ions in river water, form the HCO3- – Mg2+ or HCO3- – Mg2+ – Ca2+ hydrochemical facies and exceed the permissible content.
A stable water state with features of instability has been established in the Dniester and Cherkhavka rivers. According to the IZV, the waters are very clean, but have increased mineralization (>500 mg/l), higher hardness (5.8 and 4.7 mmol-eq/l), stronger acidity (pH=7.2 especially in the Dniester), higher permanganate oxidation (4.2 mg O/l mostly in the Dniester), higher concentration of Fe3+ ions (4.9 μg/ml mostly in the Dniester). The hydrochemical composition of the water is different: HCO3- – Ca2+ – Mg2+ in the Dniester and Ca2+– HCO3- – Na+ in the Cherkhavka.
These analytical results would be useful for building a hydrological conceptual model that ensures better use of the natural water system in the Bystrytsia River basin.
Key words: Bystrytsia River basin; main ions; biogenic components; chemical oxygen demand; water pollution index; water quality assessment by a complex indicator.
Ecological potential of soils of old-growth natural forests Skole Beskydy (Ukrainian Carpathians)
Authors: Lenevych Oksana , Pankiv Zinoviy
Published: December 2024

The ecological potential of the soils of natural old-growth forests is analyzed. It has been found that the upper horizon of brown mountain-forest soils is characterized by excellent indicators of total porosity (63,63 %), soil water permeability (3,08 cm⸱min-¹), soil bulk density (0,88 g⸱cm-³) and catalase enzyme activity (4,9 cm3 O2 per 1 g of soil per 1 min). The results indicate excellent ecological potential of the soils, which allows using their indicators as a reference for restoring soil cover under the forest ecosystems of the Skole Beskydy. The recreational and agrogenic impact on soils in the mountainous region was also analyzed. It was found that the upper humus-accumulative horizon suffers the most from plowing, trampling by livestock, and damage by erosion processes caused by prolonged recreational use. While cattle grazing is seasonal, the impact of recreationists is increasing and corresponds to stages II and IV of recreational degradation, soils under arable land are subject to the greatest anthropogenic impact in terms of time interval due to the transfer of the upper horizons downwards, and vice versa. The processes of soil recovery under pasture, after the removal of agrogenic load, are much faster than under plowed areas. Arable land undergoes several successive stages of recovery (arable land → fallow land → shrub vegetation → woody vegetation I (mainly gray alder and birch-aspen stands) → woody vegetation II (indigenous forest-forming species of the region), where the process itself takes 150-200 years. Третє місце серед досліджуваних ділянок посідають туристичні шляхи. Зазначимо, що само відновлення стежок відбувається здебільшого на початку ІІ стадії дегресії, ІV стадія потребує реконструкції, а період відновлення сягає кілька десятків років. The analysis of water-physical properties under old-growth natural stands as a benchmark shows that the density of soil structure increases by 1,2 times on the category II trail and 1.5 times on the category IV trail Based on the results of the analysis of data made within the soil profile, it was found that under pasture the soil is compacted to a depth of 10 cm, under arable land - to the depth of plowing, and on trails the compaction is 5-10 cm in the initial stages and reaches 30 cm to the depth of the parent rock at the IV stage of recreational degradation. Systematic monitoring of the tourist routes and ecological trails of the Skole Beskydy National Park will help prevent degradation processes in a timely manner. In the areas with low recreational load, it is proposed to mark the tourist trails, and for safety and convenience, to install bridges with handrails over mountain streams. On the trails of the IV category, it is necessary to mark the routes, limit the access of recreationists in bad weather to the outstanding attractions.
Key words: еcological potential of soils; old-growth natural forests; trail; land use; brown mountain-forest soils; forest floor; mountainous region.
Racial Justice Cannot Be Opt-In
Authors: Sutherland Danielle , Germain Emily
Published: December 2024

Despite a wave of support for anti-racist pedagogy and practices in the spring of 2020, authentic adoption remained limited, signaling an uphill battle during the present era of racial backlash. This brief, which relies on interviews with 55 New York teachers, found that most teachers showed interest in adopting anti-racist approaches but struggled due to limited support from district and local leadership. These findings suggest that large pedagogical shifts, such as anti-racist curriculum and instruction, are unlikely to be achieved without more broad-based and proactive support from administrators at all levels, especially given the ever-increasing politicization of anti-racist teaching.
Probabilistic Multi-Layer Representation Cascades for Context-Aware Large Language Models
Authors: Zahmad Imtia , Woodthorpe Frederick , Kingswell Dorothea , Snowshill Ferdinand , Appledore Vincent
Published: December 2024

Probabilistic frameworks have emerged as a powerful tool to address challenges associated with contextual coherence and computational efficiency in language generation architectures. The proposed Probabilistic Multi-Layer Representation Cascades introduce an innovative mechanism for dynamically integrating semantic dependencies across transformer layers, enabling enhanced handling of long-range contextual relationships without significant computational overhead. Through probabilistic representation generation and adaptive cascading, the method effectively mitigates error propagation while retaining high representational fidelity throughout the network. Results from extensive experiments reveal substantial improvements in perplexity, semantic coherence, and resource efficiency when compared to baseline and state-of-the-art models. The resilience to noisy and ambiguous input demonstrates the robustness of the cascades, further highlighting their suitability for real-world applications involving complex textual data. Quantitative analyses demonstrate the scalability of the approach, particularly in processing lengthy sequences with reduced latency and memory consumption. Domain adaptability evaluations validate the framework's capacity to generalize across diverse contexts, showcasing a marked improvement in token recall, including rare or low-frequency occurrences. By leveraging probabilistic computations, the architecture aligns well with existing training pipelines, facilitating seamless integration into modern transformer-based systems. The ability to handle diverse tasks while maintaining computational efficiency establishes the framework as a promising step forward for advancing representation mechanisms.
Bring Them Home: Creating Humane & Enforceable POW Parole System
Authors: Zając Maciej
Published: December 2024

Allowing prisoners of war (POW) to be released on parole ceased to be practiced inearly XX century, although for centuries it was quite common in European warfare. In thisarticle I argue there are several powerful moral reasons to reinstate POW parole: the well-being of POW and their families, but also a chance to address the previously intractableproblem of surrender to aircraft and autonomous weapons. I also argue that there are no goodmoral reasons not to allow POW to accept parole, and that the reasons commonly put forwardagainst the practice of parole are usually informed by antiquated and flawed ethical attitudes.I subsequently offer solutions for overcoming the practical obstacles to reinstating the practiceof parole utilizing commonly available technology and self-enforcing diplomaticarrangements. I provide a detailed outline of such arrangements, addressing a number ofpossible objections and testing the model against several hypothetical scenarios.
Projecting Global Changes in Land Use and Ecosystem Services Using SEALS (Spatial Economic Allocation Landscape Simulator)
Authors: Johnson Justin , Thakrar Sumil
Published: December 2024

Understanding how economic systems and ecosystems interact across space is crucial to ensure societal needs are met without compromising environmental quality. Spatially explicit economic models usually describe human activities and ensuing land-use dynamics at a resolution that this is too coarse (typically 10-1000 regions) to understand how these affect many biophysical processes, including ecosystem service supply (which requires billions of 300m or finer grid-cells). Several land-use change models exist that allocate coarse land-use changes at finer spatial scales, but there is no general, global, computationally tractable tool for downscaling to the spatial scale appropriate for understanding landscape and ecosystem change across different land-system scenarios. Here, we present a new model, the Spatial Economic Allocation Landscape Simulator (SEALS), which generates global, high resolution land-use, land-cover maps from coarse projections of land-use change. SEALS advances land-use change modeling research in several ways: it uses a novel machine-learning algorithm to empirically calibrate its parameters; it is a generalized approach that can be applied to very different types of projections within earth-economy models; and it is computationally efficient, generating global results at 300m resolution in approximately 1 hour on a laptop computer. We develop SEALS, and apply it to downscale 6 global scenarios of land-use change from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) to 300m resolution, which we make publicly available, allowing researchers to project global, fine-scale changes in ecosystem services. For carbon storage and sequestration, we find that, from 2021 to 2100, the SSPs considered result in reductions in carbon storage and sequestration by 3-21%, and baseline results are 9.17% lower than conventional estimates using low-resolution inputs. Consistent with prior estimates, we find that SSPs 3 and 4, which lead to large amounts of tropical deforestation, result in the largest carbon losses, further exacerbating the climate impacts.
Superhypergraph Neural Networks and Plithogenic Graph Neural Networks: Theoretical Foundations
Authors: Fujita Takaaki
Published: December 2024

Hypergraphs extend traditional graphs by allowing edges to connect multiple nodes, while superhypergraphs further generalize this concept to represent even more complex relationships. Neural networks, inspired by biological systems, are widely used for tasks such as pattern recognition, data classification, and prediction. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), a well-established framework, have recently been extended to Hypergraph Neural Networks (HGNNs), with their properties and applications being actively studied. The Plithogenic Graph framework enhances graph representations by integrating multi-valued attributes, as well as membership and contradiction functions, enabling the detailed modeling of complex relationships. In the context of handling uncertainty, concepts such as Fuzzy Graphs and Neutrosophic Graphs have gained prominence. It is well established that Plithogenic Graphs serve as a generalization of both Fuzzy Graphs and Neutrosophic Graphs. Furthermore, the Fuzzy Graph Neural Network has been proposed and is an active area of research. This paper establishes the theoretical foundation for the development of SuperHyperGraph Neural Networks (SHGNNs) and Plithogenic Graph Neural Networks, expanding the applicability of neural networks to these advanced graph structures. While mathematical generalizations and proofs are presented, future computational experiments are anticipated.
A Systematic Review of Nudging in the Mental Health Contexts - Progress, Findings, and Ways Forward
Authors: Yeung Siu Kit , Mak Winnie WS , Cheung Gabriel M.H. , Li Ching Wan , Yu Hoi Ching , Zheng Yuxuan
Published: December 2024

Many barriers could impede mental health behaviors including practicing self-care, seeking professional help, and engaging in interventions. Nudges, as characterized by decisional context designs such as information presentation and structure, are increasingly utilized to address these barriers and steer various health behaviors. In the realm of mental health, given a surge in nudging studies aimed at encouraging mental health behaviors has yielded some promising but inconsistent results, a systematic review is warranted to summarize these findings and understand the current state of knowledge. We reviewed the literature on mental health nudging, with inclusion of 25 studies predominantly employing between-subject framing experiments, involving mainly adult participants from Western regions, and focusing primarily on help-seeking and self-care. Findings on norm nudging and framing (self-other and positive-negative) have been mixed with some evidence of positive-framing advantage in encouraging help-seeking. Limited studies on default nudge, decoy nudge, and reminder nudge found mostly beneficial effects. We provided suggestions to advance mental health nudging research, including a call for more theory-driven research with potential mediating and moderating measures, sampling of diverse populations in mental health conditions, age, cultural backgrounds. More research on tailored nudges and comparison between different nudges are also encouraged. Finally, studies with more consequential outcome variables (e.g. mental health, behaviors over longer term), and monitoring and addressing risks of adverse effects, will be worthwhile.
Entertainment fosters resilience: Investigating a coping and resilience perspective of entertainment selection and effects under everyday adversity with intensive longitudinal data
Authors: Kreling Rebekka , Reinecke Leonard
Published: December 2024

Media entertainment is a common tool for coping with the stressors of everyday life. Research has demonstrated short-term benefits of entertainment for affective regulation and recovery. However, it remains unclear (a) how daily stressors affect the selection of different types of entertainment, and (b) whether entertainment can provide regulatory resources beyond a single episode of entertainment use. We therefore approach the selection of entertainment media under daily adversity from a coping perspective, and the lasting effects of hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment use on hope, optimism, and gratitude from a resilience perspective. Results from a diary study with n = 6412 observations from n = 600 participants reveal a complex relationship between stressors and entertainment choices. Hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment use positively related to resilience, which in turn increased next day well-being. Our findings highlight that entertainment use serves both as a resource for resilience and as a problem-focused coping strategy.
Emotional responses to music are shaped by acoustic features, individual differences, and contextual factors
Authors: Yurdum Lidya , Mehr Samuel A , Kamiloglu Roza Gizem , Sauter Disa
Published: December 2024

Listening to and making music is often a distinctly emotional experience. We hear emotions when we listen to music, and music also gives rise to emotional reactions. In recent decades, the relationship between music and emotion has become the focus of psychological research. This chapter introduces psychological perspectives on this topic. We discuss how and why people might respond to music emotionally, and the implications for cross-cultural universality, as well as individual differences. We end by outlining three promising avenues for future research: (1) investigating individual differences in emotional responses to music, (2) leveraging citizen science to improve estimates of cross-cultural similarities, and (3) broadening our understanding of the diverse contexts in which emotional responses to music occur, through naturalistic data collection methods. The growing literature and new advances offer valuable insights into the individual, cultural, and contextual nuances that shape how music moves us.
The Dynamics of Land Control in Forest Areas by the Customary Law Community of Nagari Simpang, Pasaman Regency
Authors: Kurnia Adenk , Nugroho Aristiono , Titik Andari Dwi Wulan
Published: December 2024

Forests in Indonesia are a vital ecosystem, covering 64% of the country�s total land area, according to data from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (LHK) released in 2020. Forests serve not only as a source of livelihood but also as a place for meeting the needs of communities, including customary law community (MHA) that have long controlled and utilized forest land prior to the establishment of the nation. One example of a land control conflict in forest areas by MHA occurs in Nagari Simpang Utara. The MHA, led by Datuk Putiah, claims the forest area as ulayat land under Minangkabau customary law. The government, through the Ministry of LHK, has designated this area as state forest land according to Law No. 41 of 1999 on Forestry, reinforced by Minister of Forestry Decree No. 35/Menhut-11/2013. This study aims to identify the dynamics of land control by MHA and find conflict resolution solutions in accordance with applicable regulations. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The findings indicate that the recognition and existence of MHA often conflict with government policies, causing friction between indigenous communities and state authorities. In this regard, conflict resolution efforts must consider both sides to achieve a fair and sustainable solution.
الصكوك الاستثمارية الإسلامية بين ماليزيا ومصر: دراسة فقهية مقارنة
Authors: Tawfeeq Abu Baker , ElSayfi Hossam elDin
Published: December 2024

يحاول الباحثان في هذا البحث أن يُبيِّنا مفهوم الصكوك لغةً واصطلاحاً، وأن يتطرقا إلى ذكر أهميتها في تمويل المشروعات الكبرى، كما يحاولان أن يذكرا دور الصكوك الإسلامية في العالم المعاصر، وذلك بالمقارنة بين الصكوك في ماليزيا وبينها في مصر. ويتم تحديد المراحل التاريخية التي مر بها مشروع الصكوك في جمهورية مصر العربية، ويبين ردَّ الأزهر على مشروع الصكوك في الوقت السابق، ويُذكر أن الصكوك الإسلامية هي الآلية المثلى الوحيدة للمشروعات الكبرى في الوقت الحالي لمصر، ويتم إجراء دراسة على النص الكامل للملاحظات التي أبدتها هيئة كبار العلماء بالأزهر حول قانون الصكوك الإسلامية. أما بالنسبة للمنهجية المتبعة في هذه الدراسة، فيتبع الباحثان منهجين أساسيين: المنهج الاستقرائي، وذلك لجمع المعلومات المتعلقة بالموضوع من المصادر؛ والمنهج التحليلي لتحليلها، وللمقارنة بين دولتي ماليزيا ومصر.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الصكوك الاستثمارية، الإسلامية، ماليزيا، مصر، دراسة فقهية، مقارنة
منهج ابن رشد في عرض الآراء الفقهية من خلال كتابه بداية المجتهد ونهاية المقتصد
Authors: Idrissi Kacem
Published: December 2024

يهدف هذا البحث إلى توضيح منهج ابن رشد في عرضه للمسائل الفقهية وآراء الفقهاء فيها؛ إذ إنه -رحمه الله- اعتمد منهجا متميزا، قلما تجده في كتب الفقه الأخرى. فالباحث اتبع المنهج الاستقرائي، وذلك بذكر نماذج من تلك المسائل بعد استقراء الكتاب، ولم يجرد كل المسائل، وإنما اكتفى ببعضها. سلك ابن رشد منهج ذكر أسباب الخلاف، وذلك بسبب اختلاف الفقهاء في بعض القواعد الأصولية والفقيهة؛ مما جعلهم يختلفون في الحكم المترتب عليها، والإمام ابن رشد أجده يرجح أحيانا بعد سرد الآراء الفقهية، وأحيانا يتوقف في بعض المسائل التي تساوت فيها الأدلة.
الكلمات المفتاحية: منهج، عرض، اختلاف، ترجيح، توجيه
ضمانات إدارة قاضي التحقيق في المملكة العربية السعودية وأثرها على استقلاليَّته في ضوء الشريعة الإسلامية والمواثيق الدولية
Authors: AlQurashi Yasir Salim , ElNajashi Muhammad Ibrahim , Laeba Muhammad
Published: December 2024

يعدُّ القضاء الضامن الأساس لحقوق الأفراد وحرياتهم من أيِّ تعسُّف أو استبداد؛ وأن استقلالية القضاء تضمن له من أي تدخل أو تأثير، كما أنها تحتاج لعدد من الضمانات لتقوم بحماية القضاء، والتي منها ضمانات إدارة قاضي التحقيق. لذا تهدف هذه الورقة لكشف العلاقة بين إدارة قاضي التحقيق في القانون السعودي واستقلاليته، وما تشترطه استقلاليته من ضمانات في إدارته. حيث تتمثل إشكالية البحث في مدى كفالة القانون السعودي للضمانات المشترطة لاستقلالية قاضي التحقيق في كيفيَّة إدارته. وتكمن أهمية البحث في تقييم هذه الضمانات، ومدى اتفاقها مع الشريعة الإسلامية والمواثيق الدولية، وسدّ ما وُجِدَ بها من ثغرات. وقد استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي والمقارن مراعاة لطبيعة الدراسة. وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود بعض الإشكالات والثغرات في ضمانات استقلال قاضي التحقيق في القانون السعودي المتعلق بإدارته، وأوصى الباحث ببعض التعديلات في هذا القانون  ليتحقق ضمان استقلاله، والتي تم اقتراحها في خاتمة النتائج.
الكلمات المفتاحية: ضمانات، إدارة، قاضي التحقيق، استقلالية القضاء، القانون السعودي، المواثيق الدولية
Perceptions on Shariah Governance Framework of Islamic Banking In Oman: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Alnofli Abdulrahman , Engku Ali Engku Rabiah Adawiah
Published: December 2024

Oman has adopted the Sharī’ah governance framework which is very similar to other countries that face issues of Sharī’ah governance such as independence, competency, and disclosure. Therefore, this study will examine these main issues in the Sharī’ah governance framework of Oman. This paper aims to examine the current practice of Sharī’ah governance in Oman from the perspectives of Sharī’ah advisors, bankers and regulators. The paper focuses on the present practice of Sharī’ah governance framework and related issues such as independence, competency, and disclosure. The paper uses the descriptive research method in terms of collecting secondary data and information for the literature review. Since the availability of data and information on Sharī’ah governance practices in Oman is very limited, a semi-structured interview was conducted with Sharī’ah advisors, officers and regulators to explore their perceptions on Sharī’ah governance and related issues. The findings of the paper reveal that the regulators have put in place an excellent Sharī’ah governance framework and it may be considered as one of the best frameworks in the Islamic banking industry. However, there are shortcomings and weaknesses in the current practice of Sharī’ah governance frameworks, such as lack of experience, lack of research in the field of Islamic banking and finance and low position of internal Sharī’ah review. This study provides and proposes some recommendations for enhancing the present Sharī’ah governance framework.
Keywords: Shariah, Governance, Oman, Framework, Islamic Banking.
Social And Political Rights of Persons With Disabilities In Islamic Law
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Abdullah Fatimah , Ali Arif Arif
Published: December 2024

This research aims at identifying social and political rights of the disabled, especially, with the consideration of increasing number of disabled and ignorance of some people in the society about their rights and needs, which causes them to face negligence and hardship and leads them to isolation, which is rejected by Islam. The inductive method is used in this research to find the evidences in jurisprudential and social references on the concern of Islamic Sharīʿah about the issue, as well as the analytical approach, by analyzing the texts of Islamic rules through the extrapolation of their rights. Indeed, the disabled have been given some special rights, and other common public rights, as hardship has been lifted from them regarding some other rights. These are the areas to be addressed in this research. Therefore, this study revolves around their social rights, such as the right to social solidarity, right to freedom of movement, right to rehabilitation and qualification; as well as their political rights, such as the right of nationality and citizenship, judicial right, freedom of expression and the right to vote and to be members of the Shūrā Council. Likewise, it will state that the disabled are entitled to enjoy these rights like others, unless they are exempted from them by the law.