bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cable force estimation method based on UAVs and EMD
Authors: Luo Wenjun , Cai Shufan , Zeng Limei , Chen Gongfa , Bassir David
Published: August 2024

To solve the problems of difficulty in deploying accelerometers in traditional cable force measurement, this paper proposes a cable force measurement method based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This method first uses the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) optical flow method to track the vibration video of the bridge cable target points captured by the UAV, obtaining its displacement-time-history curve. Then, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is used to correct these curves to obtain the true displacement response of the target points. Finally, the operational modal analysis (OMA) is used to obtain the natural frequency of the cable from the displacement response, and the cable force is calculated accordingly. The experimental results show that the relative deviation of the measured natural frequency of the cable is within 5% compared with fixed cameras and accelerometers, indicating that the UAV can effectively obtain the natural frequency of the bridge cable and calculate the cable force.
Die Rolle von Phytotherapie bei COVID-19-assoziierter Angst und
Depression
Authors: Zourek Jan , Stange Rainer , Kasper Siegfried , Bartova Lucie
Published: August 2024

Der vorliegende Artikel bietet einen Überblick über die Anwendung von
Phytotherapie bei psychiatrischen Manifestationen, die im Kontext von COVID-19
aufgetreten sind. Insbesondere wird der Einsatz des mit eigenen Anteilen
angereicherten Lavendelöls Silexan® (aus Lavandula
angustifolia Mill.), des aus Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)
hergestellten Extraktes EGb 761® sowie des Extraktes SHR-5 aus
Rosenwurz (Rhodiola rosea L.) beleuchtet, die bereits Erfolge in der
Behandlung von vordergründig milden Angstzuständen, depressiven,
psychosomatischen und kognitiven Symptomen zeigten. Diese zählen zu den am
häufigsten auftretenden Beschwerden im Rahmen des sog. Long-COVID-Syndroms.

Im Detail stellen wir 4 Fälle vor, die unsere ersten klinischen Erfahrungen mit
Silexan® bei erwachsenen ambulanten Patienten mit sowohl
subsyndromalen als auch voll ausgeprägten Angsterkrankungen und depressiven
Zustandsbildern illustrieren, die in Zusammenhang mit COVID-19 aufgetreten sind.
In Anbetracht der langfristigen negativen Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit,
Lebensqualität und Funktionalität der Betroffenen, denen durch eine frühe
diagnostische Zuordnung und eine rechtzeitige adäquate Behandlung vorgebeugt
werden kann, scheint ein evidenzbasierter Einsatz von Phytotherapie in der
Behandlung von COVID-19-assoziierten psychiatrischen Manifestationen, die vor
allem subsyndromale Ausprägung aufweisen, eine wichtige und klinisch sehr
relevante Rolle zu spielen.
Anders als erwartet – zur Risiko- und Fehlerkommunikation im Patientengespräch
Authors: Bechmann Sascha
Published: August 2024

Behandlungsergebnisse entsprechen nicht immer den Erwartungen der Ärzte und Patienten. Die Ursachen für solche abweichenden Ergebnisse sind vielfältig und nur in seltenen Fällen auf Fehler zurückzuführen. Zugleich fällt es Patienten schwer, den Unterschied zwischen einem Fehler und beispielsweise einer unvermeidbaren Komplikation zu erkennen. Dies stellt besondere Anforderungen an die Kommunikation zwischen Ärzten und Patienten. Eine effektive Kommunikation, die auf Transparenz und Empathie basiert, ist entscheidend, um das Vertrauen der Patienten zu erhalten und Missverständnisse zu vermeiden.

Fehler- und Risikokommunikation erfordern eine proaktive und ehrliche Herangehensweise. Ärzte sollten das Gespräch suchen, wenn ein Schaden eingetreten ist oder ein Fehler vermutet wird. Eine schnelle, wahrhaftige und verständliche Kommunikation fördert das Vertrauen und minimiert das Risiko juristischer Auseinandersetzungen. Ein offenes Eingeständnis von Fehlern und das Ergreifen von Maßnahmen zur Schadensbegrenzung sind Ausdruck professioneller Kompetenz und tragen zur Patientenzufriedenheit bei.

Die Notwendigkeit kontinuierlicher Kommunikation, auch nach dem ersten Gespräch, ist unerlässlich. Follow-Ups und die Benennung klarer Ansprechpartner helfen, das Vertrauen der Patienten zu erhalten und Missverständnisse zu vermeiden. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass eine transparente und empathische Fehlerkultur im Gesundheitswesen nicht nur die Patientenbindung stärkt, sondern auch zu einer kontinuierlichen Verbesserung der medizinischen Versorgung beiträgt.

Fehler sind menschlich, und eine Kultur, die Fehler offen anspricht und lernt, mit ihnen umzugehen, trägt maßgeblich zur Sicherheit und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen bei.
Arzthaftung in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie
Authors: Maus Christian
Published: August 2024

Im Jahr 2022 hat der Medizinische Dienst 13.059 fachärztliche Gutachten zu vermuteten Behandlungsfehlern erstellt, wobei in jedem 4. Fall ein Behandlungsfehler und in jedem 5. Fall ein kausal auf dem Schaden basierender Fehler festgestellt wurden. Berücksichtigt man, dass zusätzlich jährlich etwa 10.000 Behandlungen, bei denen Behandlungsfehler vermutet werden, durch die Gutachterkommissionen und Schlichtungsstellen bei den Ärztekammern bewertet werden, wird die tatsächliche und rechtliche Bedeutung eines möglichen Behandlungsfehlers sowohl aus Sicht des Patienten als auch aus Sicht des behandelnden Arztes deutlich. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Rechtsgrundlagen einer möglichen Arzthaftung und zeigt anhand von Fallbeispielen, welchen Behandlungsfehlervorwürfen sich insbesondere Wirbelsäulenchirurgen ausgesetzt sehen.
Die arzthaftungsrechtliche Seite des Off-Label-Use
Authors: Eckert Svenja
Published: August 2024

Dieser Beitrag untersucht die arzthaftungsrechtliche Seite des Off-Label-Use. Der Off-Label-Use birgt zu beachtende Umstände für den Arzt in haftungsrechtlicher Hinsicht. Zum einen kommt ein Behandlungsfehler im Rahmen des Off-Label-Use durch aktive oder unterlassene Verwendung eines Medikaments in Betracht. Zum anderen sind erhöhte Anforderungen an die Aufklärung des Patienten zu beachten.
Pflanzliche Polyphenole sind Regulatoren der Verdauung mit
therapeutischen Effekten
Authors: Melzig Matthias F.
Published: August 2024

Polyphenole hemmen unspezifisch hydrolytische Enzyme, die am Verdauungsprozess
beteiligt sind, z.B. Amylasen, Proteasen, Lipasen. Dadurch wird der
Verdauungsprozess verzögert, was sich in einer unvollständigen Resorption von
Monosacchariden, Fettsäuren und Aminosäuren sowie in einer erhöhten Menge von
unverdauten Makronährstoffen im Ileum und Kolon äußert. Dadurch wird die
postprandiale Blutkonzentration von Monosacchariden, Fettsäuren und Aminosäuren
gesenkt und verschiedene Stoffwechselwege laufen langsamer ab. Eine
polyphenolreiche Ernährung ist damit eine wirksame Strategie zur Verbesserung
der Gesundheit von Patienten mit metabolischem Syndrom.
Komplexe Physikalische Entstauungstherapie und Tiefenoszillation
Authors: Honetschläger Andreas
Published: August 2024

Durch die Anwendung der Tiefenoszillation (frei einstellbare Frequenz 5–250Hz) werden die behandelten Strukturen in Bewegung versetzt, sozusagen „durchgeschüttelt“. Dadurch wird der Fluss der extrazellulären Flüssigkeiten sehr effektiv aktiviert, um somit die Ver- und Entsorgung der Zellen zu optimieren. In unserem gesamten Körper fließen Flüssigkeiten in und zwischen Zellen. Je aktiver dieser Fluss ist, desto besser werden unsere Körperstrukturen mit notwendigen Stoffen versorgt bzw. von Abfallstoffen gereinigt. Die Aktivierung von Rezeptoren, allen voran die Mechanorezeptoren in der Haut, führt außerdem zum sogenannten „Gate Control“-Effekt: Die Schmerzweiterleitung über das Rückenmark wird reduziert, der Schmerz kommt also nicht oder nicht vollständig am Gehirn an. Auf die Schmerzreduktion folgt automatisch die Entspannung des myofaszialen Systems, was wiederum die Zirkulation von Körperflüssigkeiten sowie den Zustand der Zellen und Strukturen verbessern kann. Die in Schwingung versetzten Strukturen erzeugen außerdem Wärme (durch Reibung), was den Stoffwechsel weiter anregen und optimieren kann.

Durch die Nutzung von Anziehung und Reibung versetzen elektrostatische Impulse das behandelte Gewebe in angenehme Schwingungen. Es entsteht eine biologische Tiefenwirkung bis zu 8cm. Diese Schwingungen wirken im Gegensatz zu anderen Therapieformen äußert schonend und bis in die Tiefe auf alle Gewebebestandteile (Kutis, leitendes Gewebe, subkutanes Fettgewebe, Muskeln, Blut und Lymphgefäße). Zur Therapie hält der Patient ein Titan-Kontaktelement lose zwischen den Zehen. Unter dem Einsatz von latexfreien Vinyl-Handschuhen oder alternativ einem Handapplikator, welcher über das Gewebe in Lymphflussrichtung bewegt wird, entsteht der angenehme Therapieeffekt der Tiefenoszillation. Dies bewirkt eine Normalisierung der hämodynamischen Parameter der Haut samt antiinflammatorischem Resultat.

Die Kombination von KPE und Tiefenoszillation bewirkt ein sehr gutes Ergebnis. Es kommt zu einem verbesserten Lymphabfluss. Das stark schmerzreduzierende Wirkpotenzial fördert beim Patienten eine muskuläre Relaxation, und es kann sehr schnell mit der bewegungsfördernden Basismobilisation begonnen werden.
Zielgerichtete Systemtherapie beim operablen Lungenkarzinom
Authors: Etman Samer , Saalfeld Felix , Aust Daniela , Sombati Monika , Decker Rahel , Schweipert Johannes , Baum Daniel , Wermke Martin , Ploenes Till
Published: August 2024

Das nicht kleinzellige Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) fällt durch hohe Rezidivraten in den Frühstadien auf. In einer deutschen Kohorte lag das rezidivfreie Überleben nach 5 Jahren bei 62% (Stadium IA1), 40,7% (Stadium IIA) und 28% (Stadium IIIA). Neben dem perioperativen Einsatz von Immuncheckpointinhibitoren drängt auch die zielgerichtete Tumortherapie als Innovation aus dem palliativen Setting in die frühen Stadien. Von besonderer Relevanz ist der Einsatz des EGFR-Inhibitors Osimertinib (EGFR: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), für den eine Verbesserung des Gesamtüberlebens in der adjuvanten Situation gezeigt wurde. In dieser praxisorientierten Übersichtarbeit beschreiben wir kurz den aktuellen Stand der adjuvanten zielgerichteten Therapie und der dazugehörigen Testung und geben einen Ausblick auf weitere Entwicklungen.
Perioperative Immuntherapie beim operablen Lungenkarzinom: aktuelle Studienlage und neue Therapiestandards
Authors: Le Uyen-Thao , Ohm Birte , Schmid Severin
Published: August 2024

Die Einführung der Immuntherapie hat die Behandlung des Lungenkarzinoms drastisch verändert, wobei auch die perioperative Applikation bei lokal fortgeschrittenen nicht kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinomen ermutigende Ergebnisse gezeigt hat. Die neoadjuvanten und perioperativen Therapieregime der CheckMate-816- und KEYNOTE-671-Studie sowie die adjuvanten Therapien nach dem IMPower010- und dem PEARLS/KEYNOTE-091-Protokoll wurden bereits von der Europäischen Arzneimittel-Agentur (EMA) für die Behandlung ausgewählter Fälle zugelassen. Weitere Therapieregime und Kombinationstherapien mit unterschiedlichen Wirkstoffgruppen und Therapiemodalitäten werden derzeit auf ihre Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit überprüft. Aus der veränderten Therapielandschaft ergeben sich neue Möglichkeiten, aber auch Herausforderungen für die behandelnden Disziplinen. Die aktuelle Studienlage zur perioperativen Immuntherapie des resektablen Lungenkarzinoms und die sich daraus ergebenden Handlungsempfehlungen,
insbesondere bez. der Patientenselektion sowohl für eine neoadjuvante als auch adjuvante Immuntherapie sowie die derzeitigen Forschungsbemühungen werden in diesem Artikel beleuchtet.
Rekonstruktion onkologischer Defekte im Becken-Perinealbereich –
Bericht zum Konsensus-Workshop im Rahmen der 44. Jahrestagung der DAM 2023 in
Bern, CH
Authors: Kappos Elisabeth A , Wendelspiess Séverin R , Stoffel Julia , Djedovic Gabriel , Rieger Ulrich M , Bannasch Holger , Fritsche Elmar , Constantinescu Mihai , Andric Mihailo , Croner Roland S , Schmidt Volker J , Plock JanA , Schaefer Dirk J , Horch Raymund E
Published: August 2024

Die chirurgisch-onkologische Therapie von Malignomen im Becken- und
Perinealbereich geht mit einer hohen Komplikationsrate und Morbidität für
Patientinnen und Patienten einher. Moderne multimodale Therapiekonzepte, wie
etwa beim Anal- oder Rektumkarzinom mit neoadjuvanter Radio-Chemotherapie,
erhöhen die Langzeit-Überlebensrate und senken das lokale Rezidivrisiko.
Gleichzeitig geht die zunehmende chirurgische Radikalität und die höhere
onkologische Sicherheit bei weiten Resektionsgrenzen zwangsläufig mit größeren
und durch die Bestrahlung komplexeren Gewebedefekten am Beckenboden, perineal
und sakral einher. Die plastisch-chirurgische Rekonstruktion von komplexen
Defekten im Becken-Perinealbereich nach onkologischer Resektion bleibt daher
nach wie vor herausfordernd. Das rekonstruktive Rüstzeug und somit die
Behandlung solcher Defekte ist breit und reicht von lokalen und regionalen
Lappenplastiken, über muskelbasierte bis hin zu mikrovaskulären und
perforatorbasierten Verfahren. Während die Verwendung von Lappenplastiken mit
einer mittlerweile in der Literatur gut dokumentierten, signifikanten Reduktion
der postoperativen Komplikationen im Vergleich zum primären Verschluss
einhergeht, fehlt es weiterhin an belastbaren Daten, welche die postoperativen
Ergebnisse verschiedener rekonstruktiver Ansätze direkt miteinander vergleichen.
Zudem zeigt die aktuellen Datenlage, dass die Erfassung der Lebensqualität
dieser Patienten nur selten standardisiert erfolgt. Im Konsensus-Workshop der
44. Jahrestagung der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie
zum Thema «Rekonstruktion onkologischer-Defekte im Becken-Perinealbereich» wurde
die aktuelle Literatur diskutiert und Empfehlungen zur Rekonstruktion komplexer
Defekte in diesem Bereich erarbeitet. Das Ziel dieses Workshops bestand darin,
Wissenslücken zu identifizieren und soweit möglich einen Expertenkonsens zu
etablieren, um die Qualität in der Rekonstruktion auf diesem anspruchsvollen
Gebiet zu gewährleisten und kontinuierlich zu verbessern. Zudem wurde der
Stellenwert vom «patient-reported outcome measure» in der Beckenrekonstruktion
hervorgehoben und der Wille für dessen flächendeckenden Einsatz in einer
patienten-zentrierten Gesundheitsversorgung festgehalten.
Defining Documentation Burden (DocBurden) and Excessive DocBurden for All Health Professionals: A Scoping Review
Authors: Levy Deborah R. , Withall Jennifer B. , Mishuris Rebecca G. , Tiase Victoria , Diamond Courtney , Douthit Brian , Grabowska Monika , Lee Rachel Y. , Moy Amanda J. , Sengstack Patricia , Adler-Milstein Julia , Detmer Don Eugene , Johnson Kevin B. , Cimino James J. , Corley Sarah , Murphy Judy , Rosenbloom S. Trent , Cato Kenrick , Rossetti Sarah C.
Published: August 2024

Objectives Efforts to reduce documentation burden (DocBurden) for all health professionals (HP) are aligned with national initiatives to improve clinician wellness and patient safety. Yet DocBurden has not been precisely defined, limiting national conversations and rigorous, reproducible, and meaningful measures. Increasing attention to DocBurden motivated this work to establish a standard definition of DocBurden, with the emergence of excessive DocBurden as a term.

Methods We conducted a scoping review of DocBurden definitions and descriptions, searching six databases for scholarly, peer-reviewed, and gray literature sources, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extensions for Scoping Review guidance. For the concept clarification phase of work, we used the American Nursing Informatics Association's Six Domains of Burden Framework.

Results A total of 153 articles were included based on a priori criteria. Most articles described a focus on DocBurden, but only 18% (n = 28) provided a definition. We define excessive DocBurden as the stress and unnecessarily heavy work an HP or health care team experiences when usability of documentation systems and documentation activities (i.e., generation, review, analysis, and synthesis of patient data) are not aligned in support of care delivery. A negative connotation was attached to burden without a neutral state in included sources, which does not align with dictionary definitions of burden.

Conclusion Existing literature does not distinguish between a baseline or required task load to conduct patient care resulting from usability issues (DocBurden), and the unnecessarily heavy tasks and requirements that contribute to excessive DocBurden. Our definition of excessive DocBurden explicitly acknowledges this distinction, to support development of meaningful measures for understanding and intervening on excessive DocBurden locally, nationally, and internationally.
Exploring Porphyrins, Phthalocyanines and Corroles as Photocatalysts for Organic Transformations
Authors: Gupta Iti , Jain Ashmita
Published: August 2024

In recent years, macrocycles have emerged as efficient and sustainable photosensitizers for the catalysis of organic transformations. This graphical review provides a concise overview of photocatalysis and photoredox catalysis utilizing three common macrocycles: porphyrins, phthalocyanines and corroles. They exhibit strong absorption in the visible region and can be easily oxidized or reduced, making them good candidates for photocatalysis.
Evaluation of Point-of-Care-Directed Coagulation Management in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Zajonz Thomas , Edinger Fabian , Hofmann Johannes , Yoerueker Uygar , Akintürk Hakan , Markmann Melanie , Müller Matthias
Published: August 2024

Background Coagulatory alterations are common after pediatric cardiac surgery and can be addressed with point-of-care (POC) coagulation analysis. The aim of the present study is to evaluate a preventive POC-controlled coagulation algorithm in pediatric cardiac surgery.

Methods This single-center, retrospective data analysis included patients younger than 18 years who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and received a coagulation therapy according to a predefined POC-controlled coagulation algorithm. Patients were divided into two groups (<10 and >10 kg body weight) because of different CPB priming strategies.

Results In total, 173 surgeries with the use of the POC-guided hemostatic therapy were analyzed. In 71% of cases, target parameters were achieved and only in one case primary sternal closure was not possible. Children with a body weight ≤10 kg underwent surgical re-evaluation in 13.2% (15/113), and respectively 6.7% (4/60) in patients >10 kg. Hemorrhage in children ≤10 kg was associated with cyanotic heart defects, deeper intraoperative hypothermia, longer duration of CPB, more complex procedures (RACHS-1 score), and with more intraoperative platelets, and respectively red blood cell concentrate transfusions (all p-values < 0.05). In children ≤10 kg, fibrinogen levels were significantly lower over the 12-hour postoperative period (without revision: 3.1 [2.9–3.3] vs. with revision 2.8 [2.3–3.4]). Hemorrhage in children >10 kg was associated with a longer duration of CPB (p = 0.042), lower preoperative platelets (p = 0.026), and over the 12-hour postoperative period lower platelets (p = 0.002) and fibrinogen (p = 0.05).

Conclusion The use of a preventive, algorithm-based coagulation therapy with factor concentrates after CPB followed by POC created intraoperative clinical stable coagulation status with a subsequent executable thorax closure, although the presented algorithm in its current form is not superior in the reduction of the re-exploration rate compared to equivalent collectives. Reduced fibrinogen concentrations 12 hours after surgery may be associated with an increased incidence of surgical revisions.
Theoretical Investigation of the Ge Isoelectronic Sequence
Authors: Kitovienė L. , Gaigalas G. , Rynkun P. , Tanaka M. , Kato D.
Published: August 2024

We aim to present first large scale and systematic investigation on atomic properties of Ge-like ions: As1+, Se2+, Br3+, and Kr4+. The multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and relativistic configuration interaction methods, which are implemented in the general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package Grasp2018, are used in the present work. We computed the energy levels of the 4s2 4p2, 4s4p3, 4p4, 4s2 4p {5s, 6s, 5p, 6p, 4d, 5d, 4f}, and 4s4p2 {4d, 5s} configurations and the electric dipole, magnetic dipole, and electric quadrupole transitions between states of these configurations. The accuracy of energy levels is evaluated by comparing our results with the recommended values of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Atomic Spectra Database and with energy levels estimated with various methods. The accuracy of transition data is investigated using the quantitative and qualitative evaluation method. We applied our results to astrophysics by constructing the list of M1-type transitions for kilonova. For Ge-like ions presented in this paper, we confirmed that the transition list assuming the LS-coupling selection rules, as adopted in the previous studies, includes all the important transitions and that an analytical formula for transition probabilities gives a good accuracy.
Analysis of wake recovery effects using small-diameter-ratio wind turbines for vertically staggered wind farms
Authors: Yang Hao , Chen Jian , Zhang Yu , Sun Li , Li Chun
Published: August 2024

The optimization of the layout wind farms to reduce the wake effect and increase the output power of wind farms has been a challenge for the wind energy science community. To solve this problem, we propose a method of wake forced recovery based on a small horizontal axis wind turbine (SHAWT). In this paper, the effects of key parameters such as relative distance (L), relative height (H), and number of SHAWT on the output power and flow characteristics of a vertically staggered wind farm (VSWF) are carefully investigated. The results show that this method of forced wake recovery has a positive impact on the output power of the overall VSWF. Meanwhile, we found that the effect of SHAWT on VSWF increased with an increase in L. When L = 6D, the downstream wind turbine output increased by 10.93%. When the H value is larger than its optimal value, continuing to increase H will reduce the output power of the downstream wind turbine. In addition, by studying the number of SHAWTs, we found that increasing the number of SHAWTs is detrimental to the wake recovery of the upstream turbines. On this basis, this paper also explores the applicability of SHAWT under real wind farm boundary conditions (wind shear, turbulence intensity, and rotational speed).
A temperature-compensated CO2 detection system based on non-dispersive infrared spectral technology
Authors: Yu Ke , Yang Xiaopeng , Wang Yijie , Zhang Penghui , Zhang Lei , Tan Qiulin
Published: August 2024

The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important indicator for coal mine safety. Real-time monitoring of CO2 concentration is of great importance for taking actions in advance to avoid the occurrence of potential accidents. To address the issues of poor portability and high cost associated with existing coal mine CO2 detection equipment, this paper develops a miniaturized CO2 detection system based on non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) technology. This sensor integrates an infrared light source and a dual-channel pyroelectric detector into a reflective gas chamber, thereby achieving an extended optical path and higher system sensitivity within limited space. Meanwhile, the noise interference was greatly mitigated by using hardware and software filtering techniques. Based on principle analysis, the Lambert–Beer law was parametrically corrected, and then, a model relationship between the dual-channel voltage ratio and concentration was established. In addition, temperature compensation for zero and span values was introduced to improve the adaptability of the detection results to temperature changes. Testing results indicate that the developed detection system can realize CO2 measurement in the concentration range of 0 to 50 000 ppm within a temperature range of 0–40 °C, with a maximum detection error of less than 0.12% and a repeatability deviation of less than 1.04%. During a stability test for 12 h, the maximum concentration drift is 0.07%, indicating that the developed system meets the requirements for monitoring CO2 safety in coal mines.
Numerical analysis of coupled dynamical biological networks: Modeling electrical information exchange among nerve cells using finite volume method
Authors: Saleem Muzammal , Alade Taofeek O. , Saqib Muhammad , Hasnain Shahid , Alshammari Badar Saad , Farman Muhammad
Published: August 2024

An innovative approach to modeling the conduction of electrical impulses via intricate neuronal structures is introduced in this paper, which offers a theoretical and computational examination of parameter estimation in a coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo model. With this goal in mind, we present a finite volume approach to solving the FitzHugh–Nagumo model and check the numerical method’s accuracy against previous findings. To further assess and contrast the efficacy and precision of the model’s outputs, a finite difference formulation is incorporated. To clarify the basic qualitative properties of the inhibitor–activator mechanism intrinsic to the coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo model, the analysis uses dynamical system approaches and linear stability analysis. The results show that the suggested schemes are very accurate, with conditional stability, reaching fourth-order spatial and second-order temporal precision. The results are given in both tabular and graphical forms. According to numerical results, the suggested finite volume method outperforms the finite difference method in accurately and efficiently solving the nonlinear coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo model. Neuronal activity and electrical communication are complex biological systems with a lot of investigated nonlinear differential equations; this research helps us understand more about these topics.
Particle plume dispersion with various incident velocities: Particle–fluid interaction regimes from coupled discrete element-large eddy simulations
Authors: Yang Yefeng , Chen Jiawang , Wang Yin
Published: August 2024

The particle plume, a ubiquitous particle–fluid coupled phenomenon in tailing discharge from deep-sea mining, undergoes suspension and diffusion over distances transportation. Our study is motivated by predicting plume dispersion patterns driven by different initial momentums, relying on understanding complex fluid–particle interaction mechanics. To consider irregular particle shapes and discrete effects, a discrete element method and large-eddy simulation coupled model is established in our in-house solver to simulate particle plumes and investigate flow characteristics from a Lagrangian perspective. The influence of the initial incident velocity W0 on particle flow regimes, movement patterns, velocity, concentration, Reynold shear stress, fluid–particle interactions, and energy budget is explored. The results show that a counter-rotating vortex pair forms in the initial stage, with ambient fluid entrainment inducing coherent vortex splitting into numerous vortex filaments, causing significant radial diffusion. Plume transportation begins with rapid settling, followed by a decrease to a roughly constant level. Increasing W0 enhances the particle velocity, allowing plumes to advance faster. This results in particle diffusion rate and concentration dilution rate increasing with decreasing W0. Away from the nozzle centerline, negative axial velocity magnitudes increase as W0 decreases, prompting particle radial diffusion. Additionally, for cases with low W0, significant particle concentration in regions far from the nozzle dampens pulsatile velocity, resulting in decreased Reynolds stress with decreasing W0. Notably, despite the complexity of particle–fluid interactions in plumes, the conversion of initial gravitational potential energy into particle and fluid kinetic energy is limited across all W0.
Knowledge mapping of mine ventilation technology research: A visual analysis using CiteSpace
Authors: Wang Kai , Wang Yiqiao , Zhang Xiang , Li Kangnan , Guo Yangyang
Published: August 2024

In the era of technological innovation, mine intelligent ventilation is an inevitable trend of development. Mine ventilation technology is an important guarantee for the stable and reliable operation of mine ventilation system. Therefore, the current situation and future development trend of mine ventilation technology in the past 30 years are sorted out. The 1586 mine ventilation literature included in the Web of Science database from 2000 to 2024 were used for research. Employing CiteSpace6.3.R1 visualization tools, this paper identified influential authors, countries, and institutions in this field. Through keyword frequency analysis, clustering, timeline examination, and burst detection, it was determined that further research in mine ventilation technology should focus on aspects such as flow dynamics, simulation techniques, numerical modeling, and mine ventilation behavior. This strategic approach aims to enhance both the theoretical framework and practical implementation of mine ventilation, thereby augmenting its significance in coal mining operations.
Numerical simulation of shut-in and flowback in shale gas tridimensional platform wells considering complex fractures
Authors: Zheng Honglin , Ma Xinfang , He Jutao , Zhang Shicheng , Li Yue
Published: August 2024

The formation of complex fractures in shale gas reservoirs under the tridimensional well network development mode increases the complexity of fluid flow mechanism in the reservoir, leading to unclear effects of the productive system on production capacity. This article establishes a shut-in and flowback numerical model of shale gas tridimensional wells based on complex fracture morphology and verifies the accuracy of the model based on on-site microseismic and production data. The paper simulated the dynamic production characteristics of a well network under different productive systems and analyzed the impact of shut-in time and flowback rate on the overall productivity of platform wells. Research has shown the following: After the completion of shale gas well fracturing, closing the well is beneficial for full interaction between the fracturing fluid and reservoir. The optimal action time is 30 days. The treatment period is closely related to the shut-in time. Under conditions of long horizontal sections and slow treatment speed, the shut-in time should be shortened. The initial flowback rate of the well has a significant impact on the energy depletion rate of the formation. In the low flowback rate mode, it can improve the stable production capacity, increase the overall cumulative production of the well network, and the optimal flowback rate before fracture closure is 35.7 t/d, and after closure it is 40 t/d. The parameter optimization of the shut-in and flowback rate in the shale gas well network provide a theoretical basis for determining the fractured production system.
Determination of the electron temperature and electron density in reduced pressure hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) discharge
Authors: Khan Ali Akbar , Khattak N. A. D. , Khalid Muhammad , Al Huwayz Maryam , Alrowaily Albandari W. , El-Tantawy S. A.
Published: August 2024

A reduced pressure glow discharge is produced by passing a high-power pulsed DC source of 0–500 W with a frequency of 50 Hz across two parallel disk electrodes. A hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution is used as a flowing gas for discharge generation. Optical emission spectroscopy is employed to diagnose the discharge generated at a reduced pressure of 0.2 mbar with an electrode gap of 4 cm. The spectra are recorded at a power density of 9.4 mW/cm3 and typically lie in the visible wavelength range of 380–880 nm. The spectra are analyzed using the line intensity ratio method to estimate electron temperature and density. The results indicated that the electron temperature and density are, respectively, 0.87 eV and 6.4 × 1014 cm−3.
New millimeter-wave diagnostics to locally probe internal density and magnetic field fluctuations in National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade (invited)
Authors: Macwan T. , Barada K. , Kubota S. , Lantsov R. , Bradley L. , Pratt Q. , Hong R. , Michael C. A. , Hall-Chen V. , Wisniewski J. , Dong J. , Stratton B. , Crocker N. A. , Peebles W. A. , Rhodes T. L.
Published: August 2024

A set of new millimeter-wave diagnostics will deliver unique measurement capabilities for National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade to address a variety of plasma instabilities believed to be important in determining thermal and particle transport, such as micro-tearing, global Alfvén eigenmodes, kinetic ballooning, trapped electron, and electron temperature gradient modes. These diagnostics include a new integrated intermediate-k Doppler backscattering (DBS) and cross-polarization scattering (CPS) system (four channels, 82.5–87 GHz) to measure density and magnetic fluctuations, respectively. The system can access reasonably large normalized wavenumbers kθρs ranging from ≤0.5 to 15 (where ion sound gyroradius ρs = 1 cm and kθ is the binormal density turbulence wavenumber). The system addresses the challenges for making useful DBS/CPS measurements with a remote control of launch polarization (X- or O-mode), probed wavenumber, polarization match of the launch beam with the edge magnetic field pitch angle, and beam steering of the launched beam for wave-vector alignment. In addition, a low-k DBS system consisting of eight fixed frequencies (34–52 GHz) and four tunable frequencies (55–75 GHz) for low-k density turbulence and fast ion physics will be located at a nearby port location. The combined systems cover the near LCFS and pedestal regions (34–52 GHz), the pedestal or mid-radius (50–75 GHz), and core plasmas (82.5–87 GHz).
Analysis of internal flow and energy loss in a LNG cryogenic submerged pump
Authors: Cui BaoLing , Ye Ziqi , An Yinchu , Zhang Zichen
Published: August 2024

The liquid natural gas (LNG) submerged pump is the core fluid transportation equipment in the LNG industry. The analysis of energy loss and flow characteristics can improve its performance. In this paper, the flow field is numerically simulated for a LNG cryogenic multistage pump and the energy loss is quantitatively evaluated using entropy generation theory. For each stage, there are significant differences for the energy loss and fluid flow at low flow rates, but they are basically the same except for the first stage when the operating flow rate is greater than 0.8Qd. The higher entropy generation appears in the gap between the impeller and the guide vane. In the first-stage impeller passage and import, the entropy generation is distinctly lower than that in other stages because the circumferential velocity gradient is reduced by the inducer pre-rotation. Meanwhile, as the shear force of the blade on the fluid weakens, the vortex at the first stage impeller can also be decreased. However, it has little effect on the energy loss caused by rotor–stator interaction at the impeller outlet.
Magnetic reconnection on a Klein bottle
Authors: Xia Luke , Swisdak M.
Published: August 2024

We present a new boundary condition for simulations of magnetic reconnection based on the topology of a Klein bottle. When applicable, the new condition is computationally cheaper than fully periodic boundary conditions, reconnects more flux than systems with conducting boundaries, and does not require assumptions about regions external to the simulation as is necessary for open boundaries. The new condition reproduces the expected features of reconnection but cannot be straightforwardly applied in systems with asymmetric upstream plasmas.
Monte Carlo simulations for free energies of hydration: Past to present
Authors: Jorgensen William L.
Published: August 2024

A summary of the development of Monte Carlo statistical mechanics simulations for the computation of free energies of hydration of organic molecules is followed by presentation of results with the latest version of the optimized potentials for liquid simulations–all atom force field and the TIP4P water model. Scaling of the Lennard-Jones interactions between water, oxygen, and carbon atoms by a factor of 1.25 is found to improve the accuracy of free energies of hydration for 50 prototypical organic molecules from a mean unsigned error of 1.0–1.2 to 0.4 kcal/mol.
Effects of wetting and drying alternation on the shear properties of root-loess composites
Authors: Jiang Ruihan , Zhan Peng , Zhang Chaobo , Jiang Jing
Published: August 2024

Context Plant roots can increase soil shear strength and reinforce soil. However, wetting and drying alternation (WD) could lead to soil structure destruction, soil erosion and slope instability. Aims This study tried to explore the effects of wetting and drying alternation on shear mechanical properties of loess reinforced with root system. Methods Direct shear testing was conducted on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) root system-loess composites with three soil bulk densities (1.2 g·cm−3, 1.3 g·cm−3 and 1.4 g·cm−3) under 0, 1, 2 and 3 cycles of wetting and drying alternation (WD0, WD1, WD2 and WD3). Key results The morphological integrity of the root-loess composites was obviously better than the non-rooted loess after WD. Under the three soil bulk densities, negative power-law relationships were observed between the shear strength, cohesion and internal friction angle and the cycles of WD. WD deteriorated the soil shear strength. The most obvious decrease in soil shear strength occurred under WD1, which was 13.00–22.86% for the non-rooted loess and 17.33–25.09% for the root-loess composites. The cohesion was decreased more than the internal friction angle by WD. Conclusions The most obvious damage to the soil was under WD1. The roots inhibited the deterioration effect of WD on the shear property of loess, and the inhibition by the roots decreased with the cycles of WD. Implications The results could provide new insights into the mechanical relationship between plant roots and loess under WD, and provide a scientific basis for the ecological construction in the loess areas.
Alloreactive memory CD4 T cells promote transplant rejection by engaging DCs to induce innate inflammation and CD8 T cell priming
Authors: Saha Irene , Chawla Amanpreet Singh , Oliveira Ana Paula B. N. , Elfers Eileen E. , Warrick Kathrynne , Meibers Hannah E. , Jain Viral G. , Hagan Thomas , Katz Jonathan D. , Pasare Chandrashekhar
Published: August 2024

Alloreactive memory T cells have been implicated as central drivers of transplant rejection. Perplexingly, innate cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-12, are also associated with rejection of organ transplants. However, the pathways of innate immune activation in allogeneic transplantation are unclear. While the role of microbial and cell death products has been previously described, we identified alloreactive memory CD4 T cells as the primary triggers of innate inflammation. Memory CD4 T cells engaged MHC II–mismatched dendritic cells (DCs), leading to the production of innate inflammatory cytokines. This innate inflammation was independent of several pattern recognition receptors and was primarily driven by TNF superfamily ligands expressed by alloreactive memory CD4 T cells. Blocking of CD40L and TNFα resulted in dampened inflammation, and mice genetically deficient in these molecules exhibited prolonged survival of cardiac allografts. Furthermore, myeloid cell and CD8 T cell infiltration into cardiac transplants was compromised in both CD40L- and TNFα-deficient recipients. Strikingly, we found that priming of naive alloreactive CD8 T cells was dependent on licensing of DCs by memory CD4 T cells. This study unravels the key mechanisms by which alloreactive memory CD4 T cells contribute to destructive pathology and transplant rejection.
A network frame offers a promising transdisciplinary tool for understanding complex health and health care system problems like suicide
Authors: Pescosolido Bernice A.
Published: August 2024

As health and health care systems continue to face massive challenges from local to global well-being, understanding the processes that lead to improvement or deterioration in human health has embraced a broad range of forces from genes to national cultures. Despite the many efforts to deploy a common framework that captures diverse drivers at scale, the common missing element is the absence of a flexible mechanism that can guide research within and across levels. This hinders both the cumulation of knowledge and the development of a scientific foundation for multiplex interventions. However, studies across disciplines using a wide variety of methods and measures have converged on “connectedness” as crucial to understanding how factors operate in the health space. More formally, a focus on the critical role of the network structure and content of key elements and how they interact, rather than just on the elements themselves, offers both a generalized theory of active factors within levels and the potential to theorize interactions across levels. One critical contemporary health crisis, suicide, is deployed to illustrate the Network Embedded Symbiome Framework. The wide range of health and health care research where networks have been implicated supports its potential but also cautions against inevitable limits that will require creative theorizing and data harmonization to move forward.
Quantifying electron transport in aggregated colloidal suspensions in the strong flow regime
Authors: Hipp Julie B. , Ramos Paolo Z. , Liu Qingsong , Wagner Norman J. , Richards Jeffrey J.
Published: August 2024

Electron transport in complex fluids, biology, and soft matter is a valuable characteristic in processes ranging from redox reactions to electrochemical energy storage. These processes often employ conductor–insulator composites in which electron transport properties are fundamentally linked to the microstructure and dynamics of the conductive phase. While microstructure and dynamics are well recognized as key determinants of the electrical properties, a unified description of their effect has yet to be determined, especially under flowing conditions. In this work, the conductivity and shear viscosity are measured for conductive colloidal suspensions to build a unified description by exploiting both recent quantification of the effect of flow-induced dynamics on electron transport and well-established relationships between electrical properties, microstructure, and flow. These model suspensions consist of conductive carbon black (CB) particles dispersed in fluids of varying viscosities and dielectric constants. In a stable, well-characterized shear rate regime where all suspensions undergo self-similar agglomerate breakup, competing relationships between conductivity and shear rate were observed. To account for the role of variable agglomerate size, equivalent microstructural states were identified using a dimensionless fluid Mason number,

Mn

f

, which allowed for isolation of the role of dynamics on the flow-induced electron transport rate. At equivalent microstructural states, shear-enhanced particle–particle collisions are found to dominate the electron transport rate. This work rationalizes seemingly contradictory experimental observations in literature concerning the shear-dependent electrical properties of CB suspensions and can be extended to other flowing composite systems.
Are self-reported fertility preferences biased? Evidence from indirect elicitation methods
Authors: Valente Christine , Toh Wen Qiang , Jalingo Inuwa , Lépine Aurélia , de Paula Áureo , Miller Grant
Published: August 2024

Desired fertility measures are routinely collected and used by researchers and policy makers, but their self-reported nature raises the possibility of reporting bias. In this paper, we test for the presence of such bias by comparing responses to direct survey questions with indirect questions offering a varying, randomized, degree of confidentiality to respondents in a socioeconomically diverse sample of Nigerian women (

N
=
6
,
256

). We find that women report higher fertility preferences when asked indirectly, but only when their responses afford them complete confidentiality, not when their responses are simply blind to the enumerator. Our results suggest that there may be fewer unintended pregnancies than currently thought and that the effectiveness of family planning policy targeting may be weakened by the bias we uncover. We conclude with suggestions for future work on how to mitigate reporting bias.
Range expansions across landscapes with quenched noise
Authors: Nuñez Jimmy Gonzalez , Paulose Jayson , Möbius Wolfram , Beller Daniel A.
Published: August 2024

When biological populations expand into new territory, the evolutionary outcomes can be strongly influenced by genetic drift, the random fluctuations in allele frequencies. Meanwhile, spatial variability in the environment can also significantly influence the competition between subpopulations vying for space. Little is known about the interplay of these intrinsic and extrinsic sources of noise in population dynamics: When does environmental heterogeneity dominate over genetic drift or vice versa, and what distinguishes their population genetics signatures? Here, in the context of neutral evolution, we examine the interplay between a population’s intrinsic, demographic noise and an extrinsic, quenched random noise provided by a heterogeneous environment. Using a multispecies Eden model, we simulate a population expanding over a landscape with random variations in local growth rates and measure how this variability affects genealogical tree structure, and thus genetic diversity. We find that, for strong heterogeneity, the genetic makeup of the expansion front is to a great extent predetermined by the set of fastest paths through the environment. The landscape-dependent statistics of these optimal paths then supersede those of the population’s intrinsic noise as the main determinant of evolutionary dynamics. Remarkably, the statistics for coalescence of genealogical lineages, derived from those deterministic paths, strongly resemble the statistics emerging from demographic noise alone in uniform landscapes. This cautions interpretations of coalescence statistics and raises new challenges for inferring past population dynamics.
Co-constructing translanguaging space to facilitate participation in a novice CFL classroom
Authors: Tian Jiaxin
Published: August 2024

In CSL/CFL classrooms, translanguaging has gained support for its ability to aid teachers in explanation and
classroom management, and enrich students’ learning by bringing their experience and knowledge to the classroom. This study,
employing Multimodal Conversation Analysis, investigates the co-construction of a translanguaging space in a novice CFL classroom
and the coordination of diverse semiotic resources to enhance student participation. The analysis reveals a fluid and dynamic
translanguaging space where students seamlessly integrate multilingual, embodied and material resources to participate actively
while the teacher utilises various semiotic resources to foster understanding and facilitate their participation. The findings
underscore the significance of establishing a translanguaging-friendly environment in CFL classrooms and also show the need for a
nuanced understanding of translanguaging practices.