bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corrosion inhibition at emergent grain boundaries studied by DFT for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole on bi-crystalline copper
Authors: Chiter Fatah , Costa Dominique , Maurice Vincent , Marcus Philippe
Published: January 2023

Inhibition of the initiation of intergranular corrosion was modeled at the atomic scale for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) adsorbed on a (110)-oriented copper bi-crystal exposing an emergent Σ9 coincident site lattice (CSL) grain boundary (GB) using dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D). At both isolated molecule and full, dense monolayer coverages, the molecule adsorbed on the grain and GB sites stands perpendicular or tilted with no parallel orientation to the surface being favored. Chemical bonding of the thione and thiolate conformers involves both S atoms or the exocyclic S and N atoms, respectively. The full, dense monolayer is formed with a net gain in energy per surface area, but at the cost of a significant molecule deformation. It significantly enhances the Cu vacancy formation energy at the grain and GB sites, revealing that MBT also inhibits Cu dissolution for the more susceptible GBs with efficiency depending on atomic density of GB emergence.
The association of executive functions and physical fitness with cognitive-motor multitasking in a street crossing scenario
Authors: Mack Melanie , Stojan Robert , Bock Otmar , Voelcker-Rehage Claudia
Published: January 2023

Age-related decline in cognitive-motor multitasking performance has been attributed to declines in executive functions and physical fitness (motor coordinative fitness and cardiovascular fitness). It has been suggested that those cognitive and physical resources strongly depend on lifestyle factors such as long-term regular physical activity and cognitive engagement. Although research suggests that there is covariation between components of executive functions and physical fitness, the interdependence between these components for cognitive-motor multitasking performance is not yet clear. The aim of the study was to examine the contribution and interrelationship between executive functions, motor coordinative fitness, and cardiovascular fitness on street crossing while multitasking. We used the more ecologically valid scenario to obtain results that might be directly transferable to daily life situation. Data from 50 healthy older adults (65–75 years, 17 females, recruited in two different cities in Germany) were analyzed. Participants’ executive functions (composite score including six tests), motor coordinative fitness (composite score including five tests), and cardiovascular fitness (spiroergometry), as well as their street crossing performance while multitasking were assessed. Street crossing was tested under single-task (crossing a two-line road), and multitask conditions (crossing a two-line road while typing numbers on a keypad as simulation of mobile phone use). Street crossing performance was assessed by use of cognitive outcomes (typing, crossing failures) and motor outcomes (stay time, crossing speed). Linear mixed-effects models showed beneficial main effects of executive functions for typing (p = 0.004) and crossing failures (p = 0.023), and a beneficial main effect of motor coordinative fitness for stay time (p = 0.043). Commonality analysis revealed that the proportion of variance commonly explained by executive functions, motor coordinative fitness, and cardiovascular fitness was small for all street crossing outcomes. For typing and crossing failures (cognitive outcomes), the results further showed a higher relative contribution of executive functions compared to motor coordinative fitness and cardiovascular fitness. For stay time (motor outcome), the results correspondingly revealed a higher relative contribution of motor coordinative fitness compared to executive functions and cardiovascular fitness. The findings suggest that during cognitive-motor multitasking in everyday life, task performance is determined by the components of executive functions and physical fitness related to the specific task demands. Since multitasking in everyday life includes cognitive and motor tasks, it seems to be important to maintain both executive functions and physical fitness for independent living up to old age.
Physics-embedded inverse analysis with algorithmic differentiation for the earth’s subsurface
Authors: Wu Hao , Greer Sarah Y. , O’Malley Daniel
Published: January 2023

Inverse analysis has been utilized to understand unknown underground geological properties by matching the observational data with simulators. To overcome the underconstrained nature of inverse problems and achieve good performance, an approach is presented with embedded physics and a technique known as algorithmic differentiation. We use a physics-embedded generative model, which takes statistically simple parameters as input and outputs subsurface properties (e.g., permeability or P-wave velocity), that embeds physical knowledge of the subsurface properties into inverse analysis and improves its performance. We tested the application of this approach on four geologic problems: two heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity fields, a hydraulic fracture network, and a seismic inversion for P-wave velocity. This physics-embedded inverse analysis approach consistently characterizes these geological problems accurately. Furthermore, the excellent performance in matching the observational data demonstrates the reliability of the proposed method. Moreover, the application of algorithmic differentiation makes this an easy and fast approach to inverse analysis when dealing with complicated geological structures.
Mass spectrometry analysis of gut tissue in acute SIV-infection in rhesus macaques identifies early proteome alterations preceding the interferon inflammatory response
Authors: Berard A. R. , Hensley-McBain T. , Noël-Romas L. , Birse K. , Abou M. , Westmacott G. , McCorrister S. , Smedley J. , Klatt Nichole R. , Burgener Adam D.
Published: January 2023

HIV infection damages the gut mucosa leading to chronic immune activation, increased morbidities and mortality, and antiretroviral therapies, do not completely ameliorate mucosal dysfunction. Understanding early molecular changes in acute infection may identify new biomarkers underlying gut dysfunction. Here we utilized a proteomics approach, coupled with flow cytometry, to characterize early molecular and immunological alterations during acute SIV infection in gut tissue of rhesus macaques. Gut tissue biopsies were obtained at 2 times pre-infection and 4 times post-infection from 6 macaques. The tissue proteome was analyzed by mass spectrometry, and immune cell populations in tissue and blood by flow cytometry. Significant proteome changes (p < 0.05) occurred at 3 days post-infection (dpi) (13.0%), 14 dpi (13.7%), 28 dpi (16.9%) and 63 dpi (14.8%). At 3 dpi, proteome changes included cellular structural activity, barrier integrity, and activation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) (FDR < 0.0001) prior to the antiviral response at 14 dpi (IFNa/g pathways, p < 0.001). Novel EMT proteomic biomarkers (keratins 2, 6A and 20, collagen 12A1, desmoplakin) and inflammatory biomarkers (PSMB9, FGL2) were associated with early infection and barrier dysfunction. These findings identify new biomarkers preceding inflammation in SIV infection involved with EMT activation. This warrants further investigation of the role of these biomarkers in chronic infection, mucosal inflammation, and disease pathogenesis of HIV.
Genetic basis of thiaminase I activity in a vertebrate, zebrafish Danio rerio
Authors: Richter Catherine A. , Evans Allison N. , Heppell Scott A. , Zajicek James L. , Tillitt Donald E.
Published: January 2023

Thiamine (vitamin B1) metabolism is an important driver of human and animal health and ecological functioning. Some organisms, including species of ferns, mollusks, and fish, contain thiamine-degrading enzymes known as thiaminases, and consumption of these organisms can lead to thiamine deficiency in the consumer. Consumption of fish containing thiaminase has led to elevated mortality and recruitment failure in farmed animals and wild salmonine populations around the world. In the North American Great Lakes, consumption of the non-native prey fish alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) by native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) led to thiamine deficiency in the trout, contributed to elevated fry mortality, and impeded natural population recruitment. Several thiaminases have been genetically characterized in bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes, and the source of thiaminase in multicellular organisms has been hypothesized to be gut microflora. In an unexpected discovery, we identified thiaminase I genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) with homology to bacterial tenA thiaminase II. The biochemical activity of zebrafish thiaminase I (GenBank NP_001314821.1) was confirmed in a recombinant system. Genes homologous to the zebrafish tenA-like thiaminase I were identified in many animals, including common carp (Cyprinus carpio), zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and alewife. Thus, the source of thiaminase I in alewife impacting lake trout populations is likely to be de novo synthesis.
Pulmonary function three to five months after hospital discharge for COVID-19: a single centre cohort study
Authors: Krueger Tina , van den Heuvel Janelle , van Kampen-van den Boogaart Vivian , van Zeeland Roel , Mehagnoul-Schipper D. Jannet , Barten Dennis G. , Knarren Lieve , Maas Arno F. G. , Wyers Caroline E. , Gach Debbie , Schols Annemie M. W. J. , Beijers Rosanne J. H. C. G. , van den Bergh Joop P. , van Osch Frits H. M.
Published: January 2023

Some COVID-19 survivors suffer from persistent pulmonary function impairment, but the extent and associated factors are unclear. This study aimed to characterize pulmonary function impairment three to five months after hospital discharge and the association with disease severity. Survivors of COVID-19 after hospitalization to the VieCuri Medical Centre between February and December 2020 were invited for follow-up, three to five months after discharge. Dynamic and static lung volumes, respiratory muscle strength and diffusion capacity were measured. The cohort comprised 257 patients after a moderate (n = 33), severe (n = 151) or critical (n = 73) COVID-19 infection with a median follow-up of 112 days (interquartile range 96–134 days). The main sequelae included reduced diffusion capacity (36%) and reduced maximal expiratory pressure (24%). Critically ill patients were more likely to have reduced diffusion capacity than moderate (OR 8.00, 95% CI 2.46–26.01) and severe cases (OR 3.74, 95% CI 1.88–7.44) and lower forced vital capacity (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.20–9.06) compared to severe cases. Many COVID-19 survivors, especially after a critical disease course, showed pulmonary function sequelae, mainly DLCO impairments, three to five months after discharge. Monitoring is needed to investigate the persistence of these symptoms and the longer-term implications of the COVID-19 burden.
Enhancing the protection of influenza virus vaccines with BECC TLR4 adjuvant in aged mice
Authors: Haupt Robert , Baracco Lauren , Harberts Erin M. , Loganathan Madhumathi , Kerstetter Lucas J. , Krammer Florian , Coughlan Lynda , Ernst Robert K. , Frieman Matthew B.
Published: January 2023

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a leading cause of respiratory disease worldwide often resulting in severe morbidity and mortality. We have previously shown that the Bacterial Enzymatic Combinatorial Chemistry (BECC) adjuvants, BECC438 and BECC470, formulated with an influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein vaccine, offer greater protection from influenza virus challenge in mouse respiratory models using adult mice than standard HA:adjuvant combinations. In this study, we determined that immunization with HA + BECC adjuvants also significantly broadened the epitopes targeted on HA as compared with other adjuvants, resulting in increased titers of antibodies directed against the highly conserved HA stalk domain. Importantly, we demonstrate that BECC470 combined with an influenza virus HA protein antigen in a prime-only immunization regimen was able to achieve complete protection from challenge in a ~ 12-month-old mouse aged model. Together, this demonstrates the heightened protection provided by the BECC470 adjuvant in an influenza virus vaccine model and shows the enhanced immune response, as compared to other adjuvants elicited by the formulation of HA with BECC470.
Prolonged microgravity induces reversible and persistent changes on human cerebral connectivity
Authors: Jillings Steven , Pechenkova Ekaterina , Tomilovskaya Elena , Rukavishnikov Ilya , Jeurissen Ben , Van Ombergen Angelique , Nosikova Inna , Rumshiskaya Alena , Litvinova Liudmila , Annen Jitka , De Laet Chloë , Schoenmaekers Catho , Sijbers Jan , Petrovichev Victor , Sunaert Stefan , Parizel Paul M. , Sinitsyn Valentin , Eulenburg Peter zu , Laureys Steven , Demertzi Athena , Wuyts Floris L.
Published: January 2023

The prospect of continued manned space missions warrants an in-depth understanding of how prolonged microgravity affects the human brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can pinpoint changes reflecting adaptive neuroplasticity across time. We acquired resting-state fMRI data of cosmonauts before, shortly after, and eight months after spaceflight as a follow-up to assess global connectivity changes over time. Our results show persisting connectivity decreases in posterior cingulate cortex and thalamus and persisting increases in the right angular gyrus. Connectivity in the bilateral insular cortex decreased after spaceflight, which reversed at follow-up. No significant connectivity changes across eight months were found in a matched control group. Overall, we show that altered gravitational environments influence functional connectivity longitudinally in multimodal brain hubs, reflecting adaptations to unfamiliar and conflicting sensory input in microgravity. These results provide insights into brain functional modifications occurring during spaceflight, and their further development when back on Earth.
Levofloxacin prophylaxis and parenteral nutrition have a detrimental effect on intestinal microbial networks in pediatric patients undergoing HSCT
Authors: Fabbrini Marco , D’Amico Federica , Leardini Davide , Muratore Edoardo , Barone Monica , Belotti Tamara , Forchielli Maria Luisa , Zama Daniele , Pession Andrea , Prete Arcangelo , Brigidi Patrizia , Rampelli Simone , Candela Marco , Turroni Silvia , Masetti Riccardo
Published: January 2023

The gut microbiome (GM) has shown to influence hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) outcome. Evidence on levofloxacin (LVX) prophylaxis usefulness before HSCT in pediatric patients is controversial and its impact on GM is poorly characterized. Post-HSCT parenteral nutrition (PN) is oftentimes the first-line nutritional support in the neutropenic phase, despite the emerging benefits of enteral nutrition (EN). In this exploratory work, we used a global-to-local networking approach to obtain a high-resolution longitudinal characterization of the GM in 30 pediatric HSCT patients receiving PN combined with LVX prophylaxis or PN alone or EN alone. By evaluating the network topology, we found that PN, especially preceded by LVX prophylaxis, resulted in a detrimental effect over the GM, with low modularity, poor cohesion, a shift in keystone species and the emergence of modules comprising several pathobionts, such as Klebsiella spp., [Ruminococcus] gnavus, Flavonifractor plautii and Enterococcus faecium. Our pilot findings on LVX prophylaxis and PN-related disruption of GM networks should be considered in patient management, to possibly facilitate prompt recovery/maintenance of a healthy and well-wired GM. However, the impact of LVX prophylaxis and nutritional support on short- to long-term post-HSCT clinical outcomes has yet to be elucidated.
Formaldehyde reacts with N-terminal proline residues to give bicyclic aminals
Authors: John Tobias , Pires Elisabete , Hester Svenja S. , Salah Eidarus , Hopkinson Richard J. , Schofield Christopher J.
Published: January 2023

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a potent electrophile that is toxic above threshold levels, but which is also produced in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells by demethylases. We report studies with the four canonical human histones revealing that histone H2B reacts with HCHO, including as generated by a histone demethylase, to give a stable product. NMR studies show that HCHO reacts with the N-terminal proline and associated amide of H2B to give a 5,5-bicyclic aminal that is relatively stable to competition with HCHO scavengers. While the roles of histone modification by this reaction require further investigation, we demonstrated the potential of N-terminal aminal formation to modulate protein function by conducting biochemical and cellular studies on the effects of HCHO on catalysis by 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase, which employs a nucleophilic N-terminal proline. The results suggest that reactions of N-terminal residues with HCHO and other aldehydes have potential to alter protein function.
Degradable optical resonators as in situ microprobes for microscopy-based observation of enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Takeuchi Akihide , Heah Wey Yih , Yamamoto Yohei , Yamagishi Hiroshi
Published: January 2023

Optical resonators work as precise microscopic sensors for enzymatic hydrolysis.
Recent advances in the synthesis of fluorinated amino acids and peptides
Authors: Zhou Minqi , Feng Zhang , Zhang Xingang
Published: January 2023

This feature article summarizes the recent advances in the synthesis of fluorinated amino acids and peptides. The developed approaches provide powerful tools to selectively access fluorinated amino acids, peptides, and proteins.
Computational design of novel MAX phase alloys as potential hydrogen storage media combining first principles and cluster expansion methods
Authors: Das Pritam , Thekkepat Krishnamohan , Lee Young-Su , Lee Seung-Cheol , Bhattacharjee Satadeep
Published: January 2023

Transition metal doped MAX phase alloy as a novel hydrogen storage media.
Nickel oxide nanoparticles induce developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish by triggering both apoptosis and ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Zuo , Bi Yi , Li Kemin , Song Zan , Pan Chuanying , Zhang Shengxiang , Lan Xianyong , Foulkes Nicholas S. , Zhao Haiyu
Published: January 2023

NiO-NPs exert toxic effects on zebrafish neurobehavior and neurodevelopment through activation of apoptosis and ferroptosis.
Reversible trans-to-cis photoisomerization and irreversible photocyclization reactions of a Co-coordinated stilbene derivative on chiral di-β-diketonate lanthanide complexes
Authors: Hou Ziting , Huang Yanji , Ruan Yushan , Xu Han , Tan Yu , Lin Li-Rong , Wu Zhen-yi
Published: January 2023

Six lanthanide complexes constructed from β-diketonates, a stilbene derivative, a trifluoroacetate anion and a water molecule, were synthesised and characterised. Their chirality, reversible photoisomerisation and irreversible photocyclisation reactions were also studied.
Benzodithiophene with multiple side-chains for efficient wide-bandgap D–A copolymers
Authors: Li Zhijian , Ma Yunlong , Zheng Qingdong
Published: January 2023

A highly soluble benzodithiophene-derived building block is used for constructing high-performance donor–acceptor alternating wide bandgap copolymers with a power conversion efficiency of 15.77%.
Failure mechanism of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathodes in aqueous/non-aqueous hybrid electrolyte
Authors: Du Leilei , Hou Xu , Berghus Debbie , Frankenstein Lars , Schmuch Richard , Wang Jun , Paillard Elie , Winter Martin , Placke Tobias , Li Jie
Published: January 2023

Based on the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode (NCM622), this work confirmed the occurrence of H+ intercalation upon charging in hybrid electrolyte, which is dramatically severe at high de-lithiated states.
Epitaxial transformations of metal–organic frameworks into orientated superparticles
Authors: Shao Lei , Meng Fanbao , Chen Junyi , Fu Yu
Published: January 2023

An epitaxial transformation process between MOFs was proposed to realize the construction of well-defined orientated MOF superparticles consisting of highly aligned MOF nanoneedles.
Enhancement of pore confinement caused by the mosaic structure on Ru nanoparticles for pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Ma Xiaofang , Xiao He , Gao Yang , Zhao Man , Zhang Li , Zhang Junming , Jia Jianfeng , Wu Haishun
Published: January 2023

Stability enhancement of pore-confined Ru NPs embedded in porous carbon spheres for pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction.
B4C enhances the supported platinum DER/HER performance
Authors: Li Yanfeng , Zhang Shijie , Xu Weiwei , Jiang Chenghang , Shao Liangbin , Wang Shibin , Wang Jianguo
Published: January 2023

The high energy barrier of D–O bond breakage leads to a slow kinetic reaction rate in the electrocatalytic deuterium evolution reaction (DER).
Photoelectrocatalytic organic synthesis: a versatile method for the green production of building-block chemicals
Authors: Li Si-Yang , Huang Ke-Fu , Tang Zhi-Yong , Wang Jing-Hao
Published: January 2023

The rising energy crisis and environmental problems are urging the development of more sustainable organic synthetic methods.
Elemental doping inhibits surface-state-mediated charge carrier trapping for promoting photocatalytic selective oxidation
Authors: Zhao Yan , Liu Wenxiu , Shao Wei , Li Lei , Zuo Ming , Hu Jun , Zhu Junfa , Wang Hui , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: January 2023

The surface-state-mediated trapping process, a dominant consumption pathway of photoinduced charge carriers, sometimes plays a detrimental role in gaining high-efficiency photocatalytic solar energy utilization.
Optimal delivery strategies for nanoparticle-mediated mRNA delivery
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Guo Xiaocui , Hu Mingdi , Cai Rong , Chen Chunying
Published: January 2023

The nanoparticle-bio interaction occurs at overall stages during thein vivojourney of nanoparticle-mRNA formulations. Optimal delivery strategies based nano-bio interaction is dedicated for an ideal mRNA delivery system.
Correction: Depth-resolved oxidational studies of Be/Al periodic multilayers investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Kumar Niranjan , Pleshkov Roman S. , Prathibha B. S. , Polkovnikov Vladimir N. , Chkhalo Nikolay I. , Golyashov Vladimir A. , Tereshchenko Oleg E.
Published: January 2023

Correction for ‘Depth-resolved oxidational studies of Be/Al periodic multilayers investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy’ by Niranjan Kumar et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, 25, 1205–1213, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP04778K.
Correction: Rich magnetic phase transitions and completely dual-spin polarization of zigzag PC3 nanoribbons under uniaxial strain
Authors: Ni Hui-Min , He Jing-Jing , Guo Fang-Wen , Dong Jia-Bei , Lu Tian-Yi , Cui Wen-Dou , Yuan Jia-Ren , Guo Yan-Dong , Yan Xiao-Hong
Published: January 2023

Correction for ‘Rich magnetic phase transitions and completely dual-spin polarization of zigzag PC3 nanoribbons under uniaxial strain’ by Hui-Min Ni et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp05066h.
An enhanced deep learning‐based phishing detection mechanism to effectively identify malicious URLs using variational autoencoders
Authors: Prabakaran Manoj Kumar , Meenakshi Sundaram Parvathy , Chandrasekar Abinaya Devi
Published: January 2023

Phishing attacks have become one of the powerful sources for cyber criminals to impose various forms of security attacks in which fake website Uniform Resource Locators (URL) are circulated around the Internet community in the form of email, messages etc., in order to deceive users, resulting in the loss of their valuable assets. The phishing URLs are predicted using several blacklist‐based traditional phishing website detection techniques. However, numerous phishing websites are frequently constructed and launched on the Internet over time; these blacklist‐based traditional methods do not accurately predict most phishing websites. In order to effectively identify malicious URLs, an enhanced deep learning‐based phishing detection approach has been proposed by integrating the strength of Variational Autoencoders (VAE) and deep neural networks (DNN). In the proposed framework, the inherent features of a raw URL are automatically extracted by the VAE model by reconstructing the original input URL to enhance phishing URL detection. For experimentation, around 1 lakh URLs were crawled from two publicly available datasets, namely ISCX‐URL‐2016 dataset and Kaggle dataset. The experimental results suggested that the proposed model has reached a maximum accuracy of 97.45% and exhibits a quicker response time of 1.9 s, which is better when compared to all the other experimented models.
The Study of Mineral Elements Participation in Brewing Products Foam Structure Formation
Authors: Gribkova Irina , Eliseev Mikhail , Khorosheva Elena , Remneva Galina , Borisenko Olga
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the metal ion’s role in the formation of the foam colloidal structure. The nitrogenous compounds prominent role as structuring compounds of the colloidal film on the carbon dioxide bubbles surface is noted. Based on the calculation of the correlation strength between beer samples organic compounds obtained based on light and dark malts, as well as barley and corn as unmalted raw materials, the effect of Ca, Mg, Mn, Co and Na mineral ions on the foam structure was evaluated. It was shown that Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, Co ions take part in the foam structure formation in conjunction with the grain raw materials thiol nitrogen, and Ca, Mg, Mn ions in conjunction with catechins of both grain and hop raw materials. High correlation coefficients between foam resistance and all ions (r-0.991÷0.998), foam resistance, catechins and Co ions (r 0.991), as well as foam resistance and Ca and Mg ions (r -0.987) ensure the elasticity of the foam structure colloidal film.
Literary Review: Coffee Technologies
Authors: Perdomo Maria Elena , Magomedov Islam , Anokhina Olga
Published: January 2023

The following article is focused on technologies that can be used to increase or improve the production of coffee. In the modern days the most popular drink can be considered coffee. Its consumption is increasing each year with the increase of population of the planet. Therefore, it is important to use throughout the whole process of getting to the final product of coffee the best available techniques. The objective of this work is to review in the literature different technologies applied to coffee. Authors conclude that technologies that improve crop yields such as artificial intelligence are novel and need to be implemented. On the other hand, the production processes have robust machinery that is well known to coffee growers. Finally, the laboratory technologies to measure the phytochemical qualities of the coffee should be further refined to guarantee the results.
Assessment of Water Quality in Water Intake Points the City of Grozny by Biotesting Methods
Authors: Ataeva Aminat , Muzakaeva Khava , Malika Vakaraeva
Published: January 2023

A study of 184 water samples in the water intake areas of the city of Grozny (Goity, Sunzhensky and Chernorechensky) was carried out using generally accepted biotesting methods. Luminescent bacteria E. coli and freshwater crustaceans Daphnia magna Straus were used as test objects. The toxicity of samples from the Sunzha water intake in the summer period during biotesting on bacteria and a different degree of chronic toxicity of water samples during biotesting of water on daphnia, depending on the place of water intake, are shown.
Determination of Humic Acid Content in Sapropel
Authors: Deryagina M.S. , Konyukhova O.M.
Published: January 2023

The agricultural industry, in particular crop farming, is in need of using biological plant and soil protection products, as well as mineral fertilizers. A number of problems associated with soil contamination with substances of chemical nature that are part of mineral fertilizers can be solved through the use of biofertilizers based on humic acids (HA). HA can also be used as plant growth stimulants, restorers of disturbed soils and sorbents of toxic pollutants. One of the promising sources for obtaining HA is sapropel obtained during the reclamation of reservoirs. The study was conducted in order to determine the concentration of humic acids in sapropel harvested in the water bodies of the Republic of Mari El (RME) and to identify the method that assumes the best yield of HA. The object of the study were sapropel samples of various water bodies of the RME. Humic acids were isolated by two methods: the method of alkaline extraction and the method of aqueous extraction. According to the results of the study, significant differences in humic acid concentrations in sapropel samples were noted. It was found that sapropel of the Lake Vodoozerskoye deposit is characterized by the highest content of humic acids. It was also determined that the sapropel of this deposit is the leader in the amount of HA, regardless of the extraction method.
Preparation and Application of Environmentally Friendly Electroactivated Solutions for Use in Beekeeping in Disinfection of Hives and Equipment
Authors: Oskin Sergey , Tsokur Dmitry , Shcherbakova Elena
Published: January 2023

Analysis of the health status of bee colonies has shown that constant prevention and treatment of bees from concomitant diseases is necessary. The health of bees is directly related to their productivity. Most beekeepers use highly active chemicals to process beehives and inventory. To change this situation, it is necessary to search for new solutions for the treatment of bees. One of the ways to solve the problem is the use of environmentally friendly and harmless to bees and beekeepers electroactivated solutions obtained using diaphragm electrolyzers of water. The conducted studies of the developed model of a diaphragm electrolyzer using the Comsol program allowed us to obtain information about the physicochemical processes occurring in it over time. Comparison of simulation results and experimental data showed their good coincidence. Studies on the treatment of bee colonies in the apiary with electroactivated solutions can halve the use of chemicals and reduce the likelihood of drugs getting into bee products.
Analysis of the Results of the Impact of the Laser Device on the Technological Process of Rearing Young Sheep
Authors: Afanasyev Mikhail , Rubtsova Elena , Bogatyrev Nikolay , Yanovsky Alexander , Afanasyeva Victoria
Published: January 2023

As the world's population grows, the demand for livestock products increases, economically profitable ways of obtaining high-quality products become in demand. As a result, the tasks of searching for methods, as well as the development, design and application of innovative devices, equipment, and apparatuses for use in agriculture become urgent. It is necessary to search and analyze new methods that can replace or at least reduce the number of drug interventions in the animal's body, for example, the introduction of antibiotics to stimulate the growth of animals and reduce their morbidity, with alternative environmentally friendly ways to stimulate the nonspecific immunity of the body of farm animals. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct research in the field of new high-tech environmentally friendly methods of influencing animal organisms, to introduce and develop equipment that allows to increase the productivity of animals, as well as to facilitate the work of agricultural workers. In this regard, sheep breeding is a very important industry, since animals can already be used as a source of meat products at the age of four months, therefore, it is necessary for lamb producers to possess techniques for fast and high-quality production.
Investigation of Toxicological Properties of Organic Agricultural Waste
Authors: Sippel Irina , Hannanova Guzel , Magdin Kirill
Published: January 2023

The increasing volumes of formation and accumulation of organic agricultural waste pose the task of investigating the nature of the impact of waste on the environment and finding ways to efficiently dispose of them. The toxicological properties of organic animal waste (cattle manure) were investigated by the method of biotesting. Planktonic non-oceanic crustaceans Daphnia magna Straus were used as test objects. The physicochemical characteristics of the waste were also determined: humidity, ash content, bulk density, the value of the hydrogen pH of the water extract. It is shown that the waste has hazard class IV, that is, it is low-hazard. Possible ways of waste disposal in the conditions of an agro-industrial enterprise are considered.
Predicting Global Ranking of Universities Across the World Using Machine Learning Regression Technique
Authors: Udupi Prakash Kumar , Dattana Vishal , Netravathi P.S. , Pandey Jitendra
Published: January 2023

Digital transformation in the field of education plays a significant role especially when used for analysis of various teaching and learning parameters to predict global ranking index of the universities across the world. Machine learning is a subset of computer science facilitates machine to learn the data using various algorithms and predict the results. This research explores the Quacquarelli Symonds approach for evaluating global university rankings and develop machine learning models for predicting global rankings. The research uses exploratory data analysis for analysing the dataset and then evaluate machine learning algorithms using regression techniques for predicting the global rankings. The research also addresses the future scope towards evaluating machine learning algorithms for predicting outcomes using classification and clustering techniques.
Collaborative Online International Learning: Case studies of HEIs in Sultanate of Oman, UK, and Ghana
Authors: Kumaran Nair Smitha Sunil , Orim Stella-Maris , Kaur Awinder , Amoakohene Gertrude
Published: January 2023

Online International Learning (OIL) facilitates bringing together students virtually from various Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) located at different countries. The framework adopted for Collaborative OIL implementation involved academic staff members and students from Middle East College (MEC), Sultanate of Oman, Coventry University (CU), UK and Ghana Communication Technology University (GCTU), Ghana, in solving a particular problem or a set of tasks based on the Internationalized Learning Outcomes over an online platform, in a collaborative manner. The whole experience provides students and academic staff members a new perspective of interaction, experience and learning in Higher Education with a global impact. Collaborative OIL (COIL) was executed as a driving force towards Internationalization strategy at the participating HEIs. Students expressed their satisfaction and mentioned in the feedback that the activities benefit them to improve digital competences, intercultural experiences, and collaborative skills that would help them succeed in their future career prospects.
Transforming E-Learning through Cloud-Based Interactive Multimedia Authoring Solutions
Authors: Naidu Vikas Rao , Najah Samiha , Saqib Muhammad , Swathi R. , Pandey Namita
Published: January 2023

With the advent of multimedia in education sector, there is a big paradigm shift in teaching and learning scenario. The revolutionary approach of technology-based and technology-enhanced learning mechanisms has taken the teaching and learning practices to a new horizon. Most of the higher education organizations have already adapted this shift keeping the rapid growth in the field education technology and they have even setup dedicated departments to support e-learning by means of various support systems, then whether its related to the hardware or software related support or it is related to the support provided for academic practices by means of various orientation and regular training sessions for the staff members. Various tools and techniques are available to assist teachers for varied level of studies, for the course as well their respective assessments. But deploying these tools and techniques are not always very comfortable with some level of customization and thus there are certain authoring tools which provide very easy to implement solutions to the teachers. Along with the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE), implementation of various online tools has equipped every community of learners with plenty of options to learn and implement to enhance the learning experience. These days, most of these VLEs are implemented on the cloud due to the constraint of storage at the organization level. And hence, various cloud-based authoring tools are developed to support the community of learners, which includes both educators as well as students. This paper highlights few of such implementations and their impact on the overall teaching and learning process. The paper finally recommends a framework, which can be implemented along with various cloud-based authoring solutions.
Efficacy of the argon plasma coagulation in patients with weight regain after gastric bypass: a randomized control trial
Authors: Gurian Gustavo Carvalho , Watanabe Lígia Moriguchi , Nonino Carla Barbosa , Barato Mariana , Ferreira-Julio Maysa Araújo , Arantes Francisco Alves , Sivieri Thiago , Noronha Natália Yumi , Souza Dorotéia Silva Rossi , Fernandes-Ferreira Rafael , Pinhel Marcela Augusta de Souza
Published: January 2023

Background and study aims Endoscopic procedure using argon plasma coagulation (APC) promotes a progressive reduction in gastrojejunal anastomosis diameter. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the APC in patients with weight regain in the postoperative periods of gastric bypass.

Patients and methods This was a randomized controlled trial conducted with 66 patients who were randomly assigned selected (using lottery method) and divided into two groups: study group (SG), 38 patients (APC treatment); and control group (CG), 28 patients (only endoscopy procedure). We considered 30 days,180 days, and one year as short-term, medium-term, and long-term, respectively. The parameters analyzed were total weight loss (TWL), excess weight loss (%EWL), total weight loss (%TWL), and reduction of weight regain (%RWR). Furthermore, a biopsy for neoplastic histological changes was carried out for the APC group. For statistical analysis, values of P < 0.05 were considered significant.

Results The %TWL and %RWR were higher in the SG in short, medium, and long terms, when compared to the same periods in the CG (P < 0.001). One year after follow-up, the final weight did not reach the statistical difference between groups. Biopsy performed in SG 1 year after APC did not reveal neoplastic histological changes.

Conclusions APC effectively treats weight regain after bariatric surgery in the short and medium-term. An important "new" weight gain was observed in the long-term, showing that obesity is a chronic disease that requires multidisciplinary and family care for life. Also, APC is a safe procedure with low adverse event rates.
Entwicklung der Insulintherapie in der pädiatrischen Diabetologie- Auswertung des DPV-Registers von 1995-2021
Authors: Flury Monika , Eckert Alexander , Datz Nicolin , Kapellen Thomas , Boettcher Claudia , Raile Klemens , Wolf Johannes , Rami-Merhar Birgit , Karges Beate , Neu Andreas , Holl Reinhard Walter
Published: January 2023

Der Einsatz von Insulin zur Therapie des Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 beim Menschen hat vor 100
Jahren erstmals zum Überleben betroffener Patienten nach Manifestation der Erkrankung geführt.
War zuvor die Diagnose mit der Gewissheit verknüpft, dass es sich um eine unmittelbar
lebensbedrohliche Erkrankung handelt, wurde mit dem Einsatz des Hormons Insulin ab 1922 die
Perspektive eröffnet, den Verlauf der Erkrankung zu beeinflussen und die Prognose für die
Patienten damit zu verbessern.

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Analyse von 92366 Patienten eines pädiatrischen
Patientenkollektivs aus Deutschland, Österreich, Luxemburg und der Schweiz im Hinblick auf den
Einsatz der verschiedenen Insulinarten im Zeitraum 1995–2021.

Der Anteil der Insulinanaloga stieg insbesondere seit dem Jahr 2000 stark an, auch da die
Nutzung von Insulinpumpen mit Analoginsulin im Vergleich zur intensivierten Insulintherapie
mit Pen für alle Altersgruppen deutlich anstieg. Bereits im Jahr 2010 betrug der Anteil der
Insulinanaloga in der Diabetestherapie bei Kindern insgesamt > 60 %.

Im Jahr 2022 können Diabetologen auf mehr als zehn Insulinarten und mindestens fünf
verschiedene Therapieformen zur Behandlung des Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 zurückgreifen.
Iodide-Assisted Pd Catalysis as an Attractive Alternative to Rh Catalysis for the Industrially Relevant Isoselective Hydroformylation of Simple Aliphatic Alkenes
Authors: Dydio Paweł , Zhang Yang , Sigrist Michel , Martínez Sebastián , Bojanowski Jan , Antheaume Cyril , Granda Jarosław M.
Published: January 2023

The hydroformylation of simple aliphatic alkenes, such as propylene, is one of the largest homogenous catalyzed processes in the chemical industry, producing over 10 million metric tons of different aldehydes each year. Typically, such processes are catalyzed by Co or Rh catalysts, yielding mostly linear aldehydes, such as n-butanal. However, the increasing demand for branched aldehydes, such as isobutanal, triggered further investigation to develop efficient isoselective protocols, which remain scarce. In this Synpacts article, we discuss our recent work on iodide-assisted Pd catalysis as an attractive alternative strategy for the development of isoselective methods. This article is presented considering the state of the art for Rh-catalyzed processes. Additionally, we discuss the limitations and challenges that need to be addressed in order to successfully transfer the technology to industry.

1 Introduction

2 State of the Art for the Isoselective Rh-Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Unbiased Aliphatic Alkenes

2.1 Decomposition-Driven Isoselectivity

2.2 Substrate-Dependent Isoselectivity

2.3 Equiselective Catalysis

2.4 Isoselective Rh Catalysts Bearing Small-Bite-Angle Ligands

2.5 Isoselective Rh Catalyst Bearing a Tridentate Ligand

2.6 Isoselective Catalysis Driven by Rh Encapsulation

2.7 Isoselective Catalysis Driven by Specific Noncovalent Substrate–Ligand Interactions

3 Pd-Catalyzed Isoselective Hydroformylation of Unbiased Aliphatic Alkenes

3.1 Selectivity Patterns in Pd-Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Alkenes

3.2 Unusual Iodide-Assisted Binuclear Pd(I)–Pd(I) Mechanism

3.3 Development of Pd-Catalyzed Isoselective Hydroformylation of Unbiased Aliphatic Alkenes

4 Conclusions and Outlook
D-Dimer and Fibrinogen Values according to the Localization of Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Mlačo Akif , Mlačo Nejra , Begić Edin , Mekić Mevludin , Džubur Alen
Published: January 2023

D-dimer and fibrinogen are nonspecific diagnostic biomarkers for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The aim of this article was to present the values of D-dimer and fibrinogen in relation to the anatomical localization of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This was an observational study, which included 1,142 patients hospitalized from 2010 to 2019 at the Department of Angiology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. Data on gender, age, and thrombosis location were collected of all patients. Fibrinogen and D-dimer values were available for 983 and 500 patients, respectively. Thrombosis location was classified as iliofemoral (521–45.6% patients), femoral–popliteal (486–42.6% patients), isolated calf DVT (63–5.5% patients), and upper extremity DVT (UEDVT in 72–6.3% patients). A majority, 448 (89.6%), of patients had high D-dimer (the cutoff is 0.55 mg/L) and 662 (67.3%) patients had high fibrinogen (reference range: 1.8–3.8 g/L).

The highest D-dimer was detected in patients with iliofemoral DVT (mean: 10.48 mg/L), χ2 = 50.78, p = 0.00. The highest fibrinogen was detected in patients with iliofemoral DVT as well (mean 4.87 g/L), χ2 = 11.1, p = 0.01. D-dimer and fibrinogen values are significantly higher in patients iliofemoral DVT than femoral–popliteal and isolated calf DVT, and D-dimer values are significantly higher in lower extremity DVT than UEDVT, but these biomarkers cannot be used alone to discriminate between thrombosis locations. Further imaging is required.
Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency, a Treatable Neurodevelopmental Disorder
Authors: Aghamollaii Vajiheh , Meshkat Shakila , Bakhtiari Somayeh , Alehabib Elham , Firouzabadi Saghar Ghasemi , Molaei Samira , Kruer Michael C. , Darvish Hossein
Published: January 2023

Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency is an autosomal recessive inborn error of creatine synthesis that results in intellectual disability, epilepsy, expressive language delay, and dystonia. We report data from two siblings with an uncommon GAMT deficiency phenotype and their clinical, biochemical, imaging, and treatment findings. The older sibling had intellectual disability, epilepsy, and generalized dystonia. The younger sibling had intellectual disability and generalized dystonia. After treatment with creatine, verbal fluency improved, as well as dystonia and aggression. This study confirms that in patients with unexplained intellectual disability, epilepsy, and/or movement disorders, GAMT deficiency should be considered. GAMT-associated cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome is a potentially treatable condition and can be identified by elevated levels of guanidinoacetate in plasma or urine or by a significantly decreased creatine peak on magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Acceptance and Tolerability of Helmet CPAP in Pediatric Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Smith Michele E. , Gray Meghan , Wilson Patrick T.
Published: January 2023

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a form of noninvasive ventilation used to support pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections. Traditional CPAP interfaces have been associated with inadequate seal, mucocutaneous injury, and aerosolization of infectious particles. The helmet interface may be advantageous given its ability to create a complete seal, avoid skin breakdown, and decrease aerosolization of viruses. We aim to measure tolerability and safety in a pediatric population in the United States and ascertain feedback from parents and health care providers. We performed a prospective, open-label, single-armed feasibility study to assess tolerability and safety of helmet CPAP. Pediatric patients 1 month to 5 years of age admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with pulmonary infections who were on CPAP for at least 2 hours were eligible. The primary outcome was percentage of patients tolerating helmet CPAP for 4 hours. Secondary measures included the rate of adverse events and change in vital signs. Qualitative feedback was obtained from families, nurses, and respiratory therapists. Five patients were enrolled and 100% tolerated helmet CPAP the full 4-hour study period. No adverse events or significant vital sign changes were observed. All family members preferred to continue the helmet interface, nursing staff noted it made cares easier, and respiratory therapists felt the set up was easy. Helmet CPAP in pediatric patients is well-tolerated, safe, and accepted by medical staff and families in the United States future randomized controlled trials measuring its effectiveness compared with traditional CPAP interfaces are needed.