bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trivalent Lewis Acidic Cations Govern the Electronic Properties and Stability of Heterobimetallic Complexes of Nickel
Authors: Kumar Amit , Lionetti Davide , Day Victor W. , Blakemore James D.
Published: October 2017

Assembly of heterobimetallic complexes is synthetically challenging due to the propensity of ditopic ligands to bind metals unselectively. Here, we employ a novel divergent approach for selective preparation of a variety of bimetallic complexes within a ditopic macrocyclic ligand platform. In our approach, nickel is readily coordinated to a Schiff base cavity, and then a range of redox‐inactive cations (M=Na+, Ca2+, Nd3+, and Y3+) are installed in a pendant crown‐ether‐like site. This modular strategy allows access to complexes with the highly Lewis acidic trivalent cations Nd3+ and Y3+, a class of compounds that were previously inaccessible. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies reveal wide variations in properties that are governed most strongly by the trivalent cations. Exposure to dimethylformamide drives loss of Nd3+ and Y3+ from the pendant crown‐ether site, suggesting solvent effects must be carefully considered in future applications involving use of highly Lewis acidic metals.
Enzyme‐Free Colorimetric Detection of Cu2+ by Utilizing Target‐Triggered DNAzymes and Toehold‐Mediated DNA Strand Displacement Events
Authors: Park Yeonkyung , Lee Chang Yeol , Park Ki Soo , Park Hyun Gyu
Published: October 2017

A new enzyme‐free system for colorimetric Cu2+ detection, which relies on target‐triggered DNAzymes and toehold‐mediated DNA strand‐displacement circuits, is described. The system employs a DNAzyme designed to undergo self‐cleavage in the presence of Cu2+ and release a catalyst strand that triggers a sequential toehold‐mediated strand displacement reaction. This event leads to the release of a split G‐quadruplex DNAzyme strand that is initially caged and inactivated by a blocker strand. A fuel strand is further incorporated for the recycling of the catalyst strand to promote another toehold‐mediated strand displacement event, which consequently produces a large number of active split G‐quadruplex DNAzymes. By employing this design principle, target Cu2+ was very successfully identified with a detection limit of 1.31 nm based on the distinct colorimetric signal developed by the oxidation of 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline)‐6‐sulfonic acid promoted by the peroxidase mimicking activity of the released G‐quadruplex DNAzymes. Finally, the practical capability of this sensing system was very successfully demonstrated by its use to reliably determine Cu2+ in tap water.
A Gallium Hydride as an Oxidizing Agent: Direct Synthesis of IrV Complexes via Ga−H Bond Activation
Authors: Caise Alexa , Abdalla Joseph A. B. , Tirfoin Rémi , Edwards Alison J. , Aldridge Simon
Published: October 2017

Reactions of the β‐diketiminate‐stabilized gallium dihydride (Nacnac)DippGaH2 with chelating IrI bis(phosphine) precursors under an H2 atmosphere are shown to provide a simple route to IrV complexes stabilized by strongly σ‐donating hydrides and the carbene‐like (Nacnac)DippGa donor. Characterization of these systems as seven‐coordinate IrV tetrahydride species is supported by single crystal X‐ray and neutron diffraction, and by T1 NMR measurements. By contrast related systems featuring more sterically demanding (non‐chelating) ancillary ligands are better described in terms of a bis(hydride) dihydrogen [L3Ir(H)2(H2)]+ formulation and a formal IrIII oxidation state.
Improvements in hospice utilization among patients with advanced‐stage lung cancer in an integrated health care system
Authors: Sullivan Donald R. , Ganzini Linda , Lapidus Jodi A. , Hansen Lissi , Carney Patricia A. , Osborne Molly L. , Fromme Erik K. , Izumi Seiko , Slatore Christopher G.
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Hospice, a patient‐centered care system for those with limited life expectancy, is important for enhancing quality of life and is understudied in integrated health care systems.

METHODS

This was a retrospective cohort study of 21,860 decedents with advanced‐stage lung cancer diagnosed from January 2007 to June 2013 in the national US Veterans Affairs Health Care System. Trends over time, geographic regional variability, and patient and tumor characteristics associated with hospice use and the timing of enrollment were examined. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used.

RESULTS

From 2007 to 2013, 70.3% of decedents with advanced‐stage lung cancer were enrolled in hospice. Among patients in hospice, 52.9% were enrolled in the last month of life, and 14.7% were enrolled in the last 3 days of life. Hospice enrollment increased (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.07; P < .001), whereas the mean time from the cancer diagnosis to hospice enrollment decreased by 65 days (relative decrease, 32%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.04; P < .001). Relative decreases in late hospice enrollment were observed in the last month (7%; AOR, 0.98; P = .04) and last 3 days of life (26%; AOR, 0.95; P < .001). The Southeast region of the United States had both the highest rate of hospice enrollment and the lowest rate of late enrollment. Patient sociodemographic and lung cancer characteristics were associated with hospice enrollment.

CONCLUSIONS

Among patients with advanced‐stage lung cancer in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System, overall and earlier hospice enrollment increased over time. Considerable regional variability in hospice enrollment and the persistence of late enrollment suggests opportunities for improvement in end‐of‐life care. Cancer 2018;124:426‐33. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Lithiation Behavior of Silicon Nanowire Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Impact of Functionalization and Porosity
Authors: Schmerling Marcus , Fenske Daniela , Peters Fabian , Schwenzel Julian , Busse Matthias
Published: October 2017

Metal‐assisted chemical etching (MACE) provides a versatile way to synthesize silicon nanowires (SiNW) of different morphologies. MACE was used to synthesize oxide‐free porous and nonporous SiNW for use as anodes for lithium‐ion batteries. To improve their processing behavior, the SiNW were functionalized using acrylic acid. Differential capacity plots were used as a way to identify the degradation processes during cycling through tracking the formation of Li15Si4 and changes in polarization. The cycling performance between porous and nonporous SiNW differed regarding Coulombic efficiency and cycling stability. The differences were attributed to the porous hull and its ability to reduce the volume expansion, although not through its porous nature but the reduced uptake of Li ions.
CO2 Reduction on the Pre‐reduced Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conducting Perovskites La0.6Sr‐0.4FeO3‐δ and SrTi0.7Fe0.3O3‐δ
Authors: Grünbacher Matthias , Götsch Thomas , Opitz Alexander K. , Klötzer Bernhard , Penner Simon
Published: October 2017

The activity of the pre‐reduced perovskites La0.6Sr0.4FeO3‐δ (LSF64) and SrTi0.7Fe0.3O3‐δ (STF73) for the CO2 reduction to CO was investigated with special focus on the reactivity of oxide‐dissolved hydrogen. This is of particular interest in hydrogen solid‐oxide electrolysis cell (H‐SOEC) technology, where proton‐conducting ceramics are used and the reaction 2e−+2H++CO2→CO+H2O is of central importance. To clarify if hydrogen dissolved in LSF64 and STF73 partakes in the CO2 reduction, temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR) in H2, followed by temperature‐programmed reoxidation (TPO) in CO2 and, moreover, temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD) of ad‐ and absorbed species were utilized. The experiments reveal that 50 mol % of the CO2 is converted by hydrogen dissolved in STF73 and reacts quantitatively. On the other hand, LSF64 converts less than 20 mol % of CO2 via dissolved hydrogen and a residual of bulk OH is still detectable after CO2‐TPO.
Photoinitiating Systems Based on Anthraquinone Derivatives: Synthesis of Antifouling and Biocide Coatings
Authors: Tomane Somia , Sautrot‐Ba Pauline , Mazeran Pierre‐Emmanuel , Lalevée Jacques , Graff Bernadette , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Abbad‐Andaloussi Samir , Langlois Valérie , Versace Davy‐Louis
Published: October 2017

Photoinitiating systems combining 2,6‐diaminoanthraquinone (AQD), iodonium salt (Iod), and benzyl alcohol derivatives have been developed to efficiently initiate the cationic polymerization of epoxy monomers upon light exposure. Electron spin resonance spin‐trapping (ESR ST) experiments, fluorescence investigations, and steady‐state photolysis have demonstrated that a dye‐sensitized reaction occurs between AQD and the benzyl alcohol derivatives through a hydrogen abstraction mechanism upon light illumination, followed by reduction of Iod. The in situ liberation of protic acids promotes the cationic photopolymerization of epoxy monomers concomitantly with hydrolysis and condensation of the reactive methoxysilanes of an organic–inorganic precursor, for example, 3‐glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS). Nanoindentation experiments and scratch resistance tests proved that the resulting GPTMS coatings exhibit very good resistance to brittle fracture and excellent adherence to stainless‐steel substrates. Interestingly, antibacterial tests of the GPTMS coatings showed efficient antifouling and biocide properties against E. coli and S. aureus.
Isolated lingual cysticercosis: A rare case diagnosed on cytology
Authors: Pujani Mukta , Hassan Mohd Jaseem , Khan Sabina , Jetley Sujata
Published: October 2017

Cysticercosis is caused by larval stage of Taenia solium called cysticercus cellulosae. Cysticercosis most commonly infects skeletal muscles, subcutaneous tissues, brain and ocular tissue. On extensive search of literature, only around 64 cases of lingual cysticercosis have been reported till date. We report a case of cysticercosis of tongue in a 35‐year‐old male who presented with a painless, slowly growing swelling over the lateral border of tongue. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed wavy integument of cysticercus cellulosae alongwith inflammatory cells. The findings were confirmed on histopathology. No other cystic swelling was encountered in the body on retrospective examination and investigations. This case is being presented on account of its rarity as well as the utility of FNAC as a primary diagnostic technique in evaluation of parasitic lesions.
Determination of hydroxy metabolites of cocaine in hair samples for proof of consumption
Authors: Musshoff Frank , Thieme Detlef , Schwarz Gerlinde , Sachs Hans , Skopp Gisela , Franz Thomas
Published: October 2017

Although hair is widely used to identify drug use, there is a risk of false positives due to environmental contamination. This especially applies to cocaine (COC). Several strategies such as detection of norcocaine (NCOC) or cocaethylene, metabolite concentration ratios or intricate washing procedures have been proposed to differentiate actual use from contamination. The aim of the present study was to identify hydroxy metabolites of COC in hair specimens, thus enabling unambiguous prove of ingestion. A suspect screening of 41 COC‐positive samples for these compounds was performed by liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight–mass spectrometry (LC–QTOF–MS). Once identified, mass transitions for o‐, p‐ and m‐isomers of hydroxy COC as well as p‐ and m‐isomers of hydroxy benzoylecgonine (BE) and hydroxy NCOC were introduced into a routine procedure for testing drugs of abuse in hair by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) which was applied to 576 hair samples. Hydroxy metabolites were present in 92.2% of COC‐positive hair samples; their detection rate exceeded that of cocaethylene and NCOC. Moreover, p‐OH‐BE, m‐OH‐BE as well as p‐OH‐NCOC and m‐OH‐NCOC have been identified for the first time in COC‐positive hair specimens. Hydroxy cocainics could be detected in samples having a negative conclusion on drug use applying hitherto established criteria. We suggest a more conclusive interpretation outcome including detection of hydroxy metabolites into the evaluation of COC‐positive hair samples.
Immunomagnetic beads‐based isolation of erythropoietins from urine and blood for sports anti‐doping control
Authors: Desharnais Philippe , Naud Jean‐Francois , Ayotte Christiane
Published: October 2017

According to the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) technical document for erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) analysis (TD2014EPO), double‐blotting of serum/plasma samples is mandatory for all analysis by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and for the confirmation procedures (CP) performed by SDS‐PAGE or SAR‐PAGE. The goal is to prevent potential cross‐reactions of the secondary antibody with remaining proteins in the purified samples. To this end, we have developed an immunopurification method of ESA in serum/plasma samples using a combination of streptavidin‐coated immunomagnetic beads and biotinylated anti‐EPO polyclonal antibodies. Here we report that this immunomagnetic bead‐based purification allows the analysis of serum/plasma samples by single‐blotting. Serum and plasma samples, either intact or spiked with different ESAs, were immunopurified and analyzed by single‐blotting, after SAR‐PAGE or IEF using a cross‐reaction minimized secondary antibody coupled to HRP. The results show that when samples are immunopurified according to this strategy, there is no non‐specific binding when single‐blotting is performed after SAR‐PAGE. With IEF, we observe a faint smearing, however, in the pH gradient outside the ESA detection region. These interferences did not alter ESA profiles of spiked urinary samples or of samples received for routine testing. This approach was compared to the MAIIA monoliths purification or to the isolation of ESAs with other combinations of immunomagnetic reagents (ie, anti‐Mouse IgG‐coated magnetic beads and anti‐EPO mAb). The recovery of ESAs was shown to be significant for serum/plasma samples. Our results suggest that single‐blotting could be performed on serum/plasma samples without non‐specific interferences. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Spirocarbocyclic Oxindoles through Hauser Annulation
Authors: Lokesh Kanduru , Kesavan Venkitasamy
Published: October 2017

The synthesis of highly functionalized spirocarbocyclic oxindoles was accomplished for the first time, using a Hauser annulation strategy. A reaction between methyleneindolinones and arylsulfonylphthalides catalyzed by cesium carbonate gave access to a new class of biologically important spiro[indoline‐3,2′‐naphthalene] derivatives in very good yields.
Superacid‐Promoted Synthesis of CF3‐Indenes Using Brominated CF3‐Enones
Authors: Iakovenko Roman O. , Kazakova Anna N. , Boyarskaya Irina A. , Gurzhiy Vladislav V. , Avdontceva Margarita S. , Panikorovsky Taras L. , Muzalevskiy Vasiliy M. , Nenajdenko Valentine G. , Vasilyev Aleksander V.
Published: October 2017

The reactions of 3‐bromo‐ and 3,4‐dibromo‐CF3‐enones with superacids were studied. Protonation of these CF3‐enones with FSO3H resulted in the formation of cationic species that subsequently cyclized at –60 °C to give the corresponding mono‐ and dibromoindenols in up to 98 % yield. Protonation of the indenol products at room temperature with triflic acid (CF3SO3H) provided highly electrophilic trifluoromethylated indenyl cations. Subsequent reaction with various arenes gave access to 1‐CF3‐substituted indenes in up to 84 % yields. DFT calculations were carried out to obtain data about the electronic structure and electrophilicity of the cationic intermediates. The mechanisms of these multistep transformations of highly electrophilic cationic intermediates are discussed.
Synthesis Route to Pyrrolones from α‐Cyano α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones and α‐Isocyano Esters by Oxidative Dearomatization of 2‐Aminofuran Intermediates
Authors: Mahida Anil K. , Kale Someshwar B. , Das Utpal
Published: October 2017

An efficient method for the catalyst/promoter‐free synthesis of tetrasubstituted furan derivatives proceeding through the [4+1] cycloaddition of isocyanoacetates with electron‐deficient olefins was developed. The products were obtained in good to excellent yields without any column chromatography. Oxidative dearomatization of these furans was achieved only in the presence of oxygen, which led to pyrrolones in high yields.
Chemoselective Formation and Reaction of Densely Functionalised Bicyclic Tetramic Acids and Their Biological Activity
Authors: Josa‐Culleré Laia , Towers Christopher , Thompson Amber L. , Moloney Mark G.
Published: October 2017

Weinreb amide derivatives of tetramates may be effectively accessed by chemoselective Dieckmann reaction, and further react with Grignards in a fully chemoselective reaction, giving rise to unsaturated acyl derivatives not easily available by other routes. These systems are strong chelators of calcium, and some show potent activity against Gram positive bacteria, and one is a first‐in‐class proteasome inhibitor.
Gaming motivation and problematic video gaming: The role of needs frustration
Authors: Mills Devin J. , Milyavskaya Marina , Heath Nancy L. , Derevensky Jeffrey L.
Published: October 2017

Motivation is often used as a predictor of a problematic style of video game engagement, implying that individuals' gaming undermines optimal functioning. Drawing from recent advances in Self‐Determination Theory (SDT), the present study explores the links between gaming motivations, the daily frustration of basic psychological needs, and reports of problematic video gaming (PVG). A sample of 1029 participants (72.8% male; M = 22.96 years; SD = 4.13 years) completed items regarding their gaming engagement and gaming motivation as well as their experience of needs frustration and PVG symptoms. Results revealed positive associations between gaming motivations and PVG, and between daily needs frustration and PVG. Finally, after comparing several competing models, a mediational model whereby needs frustration explained the association between individuals' gaming motivation and PVG emerged as best fitting the data. The discussion addresses the theoretical and practical implications of these findings in the context of recent research.
Ultra‐sensitive Amperometric Hydrazine Sensing via Dimethyl Glyoxomat Derived NiO Nanostructures
Authors: Arain Munazza , Nafady Ayman , Al‐Enizi Abdullah M. , Shaikh Tayyaba , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain , Sherazi Syed Tufail Hussain , Hassan Syeda Sara , Abro Muhammad Ishaque , Sirajuddin  , Khattak Manzoor Iqbal , Kumar Raj
Published: October 2017

Here we report the synthesis of NiO nanostructures via glyoxomat assisted precipitation protocol using hydrothermal route under the influence of ammonia followed by annealing at 450 oC. These nanostructures were characterized via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) method. The morphological investigation of the finally prepared NiO revealed foam‐like porous nanostructures. These NiO nanostructures were immobilized onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with nafion as binding material and used as highly sensitive and selective sensor for determining hydrazine in the range of 100–500 nM and 600–1600 nM with a calculated limit of detection (LOD) equal to 5 nM. The as prepared sensor was tested for the presence of various interfering species such as Na+, Cu2+, uric acid, hydrogen peroxide and glucose in the presence of equimolar concentration of hydrazine and negligible interference was noticed. The sensor was further tested for hydrazine detection using square wave voltammetry (SWV) however it only worked in the range of 50–1200 μM. Finally the sensor was successfully implemented for hydrazine determination in real water samples using amperometric protocol.
A Prostate Specific Antigen Immunosensor Based on Biotinylated‐Antibody/Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex: Fabrication and Electrochemical Studies
Authors: Mousavi Mir F. , Amiri Masoud , Noori Abolhassan , Khoshfetrat Seyyed Mehdi
Published: October 2017

Immobilization of biomolecules with a proper orientation is considered as a basis for diverse biotechnological applications. Herein, we report a host‐guest inclusion complexation between β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and biotin as a versatile approach for the immobilization of biomolecules. As a practical application, a sandwich‐type electrochemical immunosensor was designed for the determination of prostate specific antigen (PSA). The immunosensor was fabricated by in situ electropolymerization of poly(N‐acetylaniline) onto a rGO‐modified Pt electrode. Then, β‐CD was covalently grafted onto the over‐oxidized polymer backbone. For improving the efficiency of the assay, AuNPs were casted on the polymeric film, on the surface of which thionine (TH) as an electron mediator was covalently immobilized. Using a host‐guest inclusion complexation between β‐CD and biotin, a β‐CD/biotin‐Ab1/PSA/Ab2‐horseradish peroxidase (HRP) sandwich was formed on the electrode surface. The analytical signal was produced via electrochemical reduction of THox, generated by biocatalytic oxidation of the THred in the presence of HRP/H2O2. Under optimal conditions, the proposed sensor responded linearly to PSA in the range from 10.0 pg mL−1 to 25.0 ng mL−1, with a low detection limit of 6.7 pg mL−1 (S/N=3). Kinetic parameters of the interaction of β‐CD with Ab1 were also investigated. Finally, the applicability of the immunosensor was successfully investigated for the detection of PSA in human serum samples.
Electrochemical Determination of Fenitrothion Organophosphorus Pesticide Using Polyzincon Modified‐glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Ensafi Ali Aasghar , Rezaloo Fatemeh , Rezaei Behzad
Published: October 2017

In this paper, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with polyzincon. The modified electrode was used as a simple, inexpensive and highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of organophosphorus pesticide fenitrothion. To fabricate the electrochemical sensor, GCE was immersed in 0.10 mmol L−1 zincon solutions at pH 7.0 and then successively scanned between −1.00 to 2.20 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at a scan rate of 70 mV s−1 for six cycles. The morphology and structure of the polyzincon were studied with atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A comparison of the electrochemical behavior of fenitrothion on the unmodified and polyzincon modified‐GCE showed that in the modified electrode not only the oxidation peak current increased, but also the overpotential shifted to lower one. The experimental conditions such as sample solution pH, accumulation potential, and time were optimized. The differential pulse voltammetric responses of fenitrothion at potential about −0.60 V was used for the determination of fenitrothion. The peak current increased with increasing the concentration of fenitrothion in the range of 5 to 8600 nmol L−1 with a detection limit of 1.5 nmol L−1. Finally, the electrochemical sensor was used for the analysis of fenitrothion in water and fruit samples.
Electro‐nano Diagnostic Platforms for Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Cancer Biomarkers
Authors: Kalyoncu Dorukhan , Tepeli Yudum , Kirgöz Umut Can , Buyraç Arda , Anik Ülkü
Published: October 2017

In this study, a bimetallic nanomaterial‐based electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) cancer biomarkers at the same time. CEA and VEGF biomarkers are indicators for colon and breast cancers and stomach cancers, respectively. During the study, gold nanoparticle (AuNp), lead nanoparticle (PbNp), copper nanoparticle (CuNp) and magnetic gamma iron(III)oxide (γFe2O3 Np) were synthesized, characterized and used together for the first time in the structure of an electrochemical biosensor based on anti‐CEA and anti‐VEGF. For this purpose, Au SPE based sandwich immunosensor was fabricated by using labeled anti‐CEA (labeled with Pb+2) and labeled anti‐VEGF (labeled with Cu+2). As a result, CEA and VEGF biomarkers were detected following the oxidation peaks of label metals (Pb+2 and Cu+2) by using differential pulse voltammetry. After the experimental parameters were optimized, the linear range was found in the concentration range between 25 ng/mL and 600 ng/mL with the relative standard deviation (RSD) value of (n=3 for 600 ng/mL) 3.33 % and limit of detection (LOD) value of 4.31 ng/mL for CEA biomarker. On the other hand, the linear range was found in the concentration range between 0.2 ng/mL and 12.5 ng/mL with the RSD value of (n=3 for 12.5 ng/mL) 5.31 % and LOD value of 0.014 ng/mL for VEGF biomarker. Lastly, sample application studies for synthetic plasma sample and interference studies with dopamine, ascorbic acid, BSA, cysteine and IgG were carried out.
Removal of dimethylphenols and ammonium in laboratory‐scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands
Authors: Schultze‐Nobre Luciana , Wiessner Arndt , Bartsch Cindy , Paschke Heidrun , Stefanakis Alexandros I. , Aylward Lara A. , Kuschk Peter
Published: October 2017

Phenolic compounds in industrial wastewaters are toxic pollutants and pose a threat to public health and ecosystems. More recently, focus is being directed toward combining the treatment of these compounds with a cost‐effective and environmentally sound technology. The removal efficiency of dimethylphenol and ammonium nitrogen was studied, for the first time, in three different laboratory‐scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands planted with Juncus effusus. Two of the wetlands used were filled with gravel. One of these was planted and the second left without vegetation. The third wetland was a hydroponic system. It was found that the removal efficiencies of dimethylphenol was dependent on the inflow loading of the contaminant and was higher in the planted systems. Both planted systems yielded 99% removal efficiency up to loads of 240 mg/d, compared to only 73% for the unplanted constructed wetland. Factors and processes such as redox dynamics, methanogenesis, reduction of ammonium and low nitrate and nitrite concentrations imply simultaneous aerobic and anaerobic dimethylphenol transformations. A significant surplus of organic carbon was detected in the planted wetlands, which may originate from intermediates of the dimethylphenol transformation processes and/or organic plant root exudates. The present study demonstrates that horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands are a promising alternative system for the treatment of effluents contaminated with dimethylphenol isomers.
Sustainability Over Sets
Authors: Manousiouthakis Vasilios I. , Jorat Masih
Published: October 2017

In this work, the novel concept of “Sustainability Over Set” (SOS) is introduced. This novel concept provides broad flexibility in incorporating human input into system sustainability assessment. In addition, the new concept is shown to be readily quantifiable, thus enabling definitive (yes or no) and reproducible answers to the question “is a system sustainable?”. The concept of positive invariant sets plays a key role in this quantification process, leading to simple mathematical criteria for sustainability assessment. Following the SOS introduction, two illustrative case studies are presented, one of which focuses on sustainability assessment of a biological reactor system similar to those commonly used for waste treatment. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1093–1100, 2018
Working fluids selection for flashing organic rankine regeneration cycle driven by low‐medium heat source
Authors: Wang Lingbao , Bu Xianbiao , Li Huashan , Wang Hanzhi , Ma Weibin
Published: October 2017

In this article, a modified organic rankine cycle, namely flashing organic rankine regeneration cycle (FORRC), is proposed by simultaneously incorporating regeneration and organic rankine‐flashing cycle. The selection of working fluids has a significant influence on the system performance. Six preselected working fluids are employed in the FORRC driven by low or medium temperature hot source. This objective of this work is to screen the most suitable working fluid and optimize the operation parameters, with the maximum coefficient of performance (COP), net power output (Wnet), volume expansion ratio(VER) and power generation per ton hot water(NPW) as the evaluation indicators. The optimization study is carried out by means of a parametric analysis, using a mathematical model developed in the software MATLAB. It is found that compared with the (organic rankine cycle) ORC and (flashing organic rankine cycle) FORC, the maximum COP of the FORRC raises substantially. There exist optimum evaporation temperatures and flashing temperatures at which the COP and NPW obtain the maximum, respectively. By means of comprehensive analysis, pentane appears to be the most suitable working fluids for the FORRC. Besides, some suggestions derived from the results are also given. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1201–1209, 2018
Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Eating Attitudes Test in Young Female Patients with Eating Disorders in Mainland China
Authors: Kang Qing , Chan Raymond C.K. , Li Xiaoping , Arcelus Jon , Yue Ling , Huang Jiabin , Gu Lian , Fan Qing , Zhang Haiyin , Xiao Zeping , Chen Jue
Published: October 2017

The study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the eating attitudes test (EAT‐26) among female adolescents and young adults in Mainland China. This scale was administered to 396 female eating disorder patients and 406 noneating disorder healthy controls, in addition 35 healthy controls completed a retest after a 4‐week intervals. Tests for reliability, convergent validity and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed to detect the psychometric properties. The EAT‐26 demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.822–0.922), test–retest reliability (interclass correlation coefficient = 0.817) and convergent validity(r = 0.450–0.750). The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the cut‐off 14 for anorexia nervosa and 15 for bulimia nervosa represented good compromises with approximate sensitivity (0.66–0.68) and specificity (0.85–0.86). Our findings provided evidence that the Chinese version of the EAT‐26 was a psychometrically reliable and valid self‐rating instrument for identifying people suffering from an eating disorder in Mainland China. A clinical cut‐off range between 14 and 15 could be used, but caution should be exercised because of the low sensitivity of the tool. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Disaggregating soil erosion processes within an evolving experimental landscape
Authors: Momm Henrique G. , Wells Robert R. , Bennett Sean J.
Published: October 2017

Soil‐mantled landscapes subjected to rainfall, runoff events, and downstream base level adjustments will erode and evolve in time and space. Yet the precise mechanisms for soil erosion also will vary, and such variations may not be adequately captured by soil erosion prediction technology. This study sought to monitor erosion processes within an experimental landscape filled with packed homogenous soil, which was exogenically forced by rainfall and base level adjustments, and to define the temporal and spatial variation of the erosion regimes. Close‐range photogrammetry and terrain analysis were employed as the primary methods to discriminate these erosion regimes. Results show that (1) four distinct erosion regimes can be identified (raindrop impact, sheet flow, rill, and gully), and these regimes conformed to an expected trajectory of landscape evolution; (2) as the landscape evolved, the erosion regimes varied in areal coverage and in relative contribution to total sediment efflux measured at the outlet of the catchment; and (3) the sheet flow and rill erosion regimes dominated the contributions to total soil loss. Disaggregating the soil erosion processes greatly facilitated identifying and mapping each regime in time and space. Such information has important implications for improving soil erosion prediction technology, for assessing landscape degradation by soil erosion, for mapping regions vulnerable to future erosion, and for mitigating soil losses and managing soil resources. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlates of physical activity among depressed older people in six low‐income and middle‐income countries: A community‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Vancampfort Davy , Stubbs Brendon , Veronese Nicola , Mugisha James , Swinnen Nathalie , Koyanagi Ai
Published: October 2017

Objective

Despite the benefits of physical activity (PA) in older people with depression, many do not comply with the International PA guidelines. Thus, we investigated what factors influence PA participation among 915 community‐dwelling older adults (aged ≥65 years) with depression in 6 low‐income and middle‐income countries (LMICs).

Methods

Cross‐sectional data were analyzed from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health. The sample was restricted to those with DSM‐IV depression or receiving depression treatment in the last 12 months. PA was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Participants were dichotomized into low (ie, not meeting 150 minutes of moderate PA per week) and moderate‐to‐high physically active groups. Associations between PA and a range of correlates were examined using multivariable logistic regressions.

Results

The prevalence of low PA was 40.4% (95%CI = 34.8%–46.1%). After adjusting for age, sex, and country, larger household size and unemployment were significant sociodemographic correlates of low PA. Former smoking (vs never), anxiety, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), lower body mass index, bodily pain, asthma, chronic back pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hearing problems, stroke, slow gait, poor self‐rated health, higher levels of disability, and lower levels of social cohesion were identified as significant negative correlates of PA.

Conclusions

The current data provide guidance for future interventions across LMICs to assist older people with depression engage in regular PA. The promotion of social cohesion may increase the efficacy of future public health initiatives, while from a clinical perspective, somatic co‐morbidities, MCI, pain, and slow gait need to be considered.
Visceral adiposity increases risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in male patients with cirrhosis and recurrence after liver transplant
Authors: Montano‐Loza Aldo J. , Mazurak Vera C. , Ebadi Maryam , Meza‐Junco Judith , Sawyer Michael B. , Baracos Vickie E. , Kneteman Norman
Published: October 2017

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a metabolically active organ, associated with higher risk of malignancies. We evaluated whether VAT is associated with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients presenting with cirrhosis as well as HCC recurrence after liver transplantation (LT). Patients with cirrhosis (n = 678; 457 male) who were assessed for LT (289 with HCC) were evaluated for body composition analysis. Patients who underwent LT (n = 247, 168 male) were subsequently evaluated for body composition, and 96 of these patients (78 male) had HCC. VAT, subcutaneous adipose tissues, and total adipose tissues were quantified by computed tomography at the level of the third lumbar vertebra and reported as indexes (cross‐sectional area normalized for height [square centimeters per square meter]). At the time of LT assessment, the VAT index (VATI) was higher in male patients with HCC compared to non‐HCC patients (75 ± 3 versus 60 ± 3 cm2/m2, P = 0.001). The VATI, subcutaneous adipose tissue index, and total adipose tissue index were higher in male patients with HCC compared to non‐HCC patients. By multivariate analysis, male patients with VATI ≥65 cm2/m2 had a higher risk of HCC (hazard ratio, 1.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.31‐2.76; P = 0.001). In male patients with HCC who underwent LT, a VATI ≥65 cm2/m2 adjusted for Milan criteria was independently associated with higher risk of HCC recurrence (hazard ratio, 5.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.19‐23.97; P = 0.03). Conclusion: High VATI is an independent risk factor for HCC in male patients with cirrhosis and for recurrence of HCC after LT. (Hepatology 2018;67:914–923)
Polycystic liver disease: Hepatic venous outflow obstruction lesions of the noncystic parenchyma have major consequences
Authors: Barbier Louise , Ronot Maxime , Aussilhou Béatrice , Cauchy François , Francoz Claire , Vilgrain Valérie , Soubrane Olivier , Paradis Valérie , Belghiti Jacques
Published: October 2017

In patients with polycystic liver disease (PLD), development of cysts induces hepatic venous outflow obstruction (HVOO) and parenchymal modifications, challenging the paradigm of a normal noncystic liver parenchyma. The aims were to reappraise the pathology of the noncystic parenchyma, by focusing on HVOO lesions; and to investigate the association with outflow obstruction at imaging and perioperative course after liver resection. This is a retrospective study conducted in one tertiary center between 1993 and 2014. PLD patients (n = 125) who underwent resection (n = 90) or transplantation (n = 35) were included. HVOO parenchymal lesions were assessed for all patients and a liver congestion score was built. Imaging was analysed for 45 patients with computed tomography scan, and perioperative course was assessed in resected patients. At pathology, 92% of patients had HVOO lesions, with sinusoidal dilatation being the most common feature. HVOO was more severe in patients who underwent transplantation compared to liver resection, as assessed by the congestion score. At imaging, all patients had HVOO with at least two hepatic veins involved. Mosaic enhancement pattern of the parenchyma was associated with the severity of hepatic vein obstruction (P = 0.045) and the compression of the inferior vena cava (P = 0.014). In case of liver resection, intraoperative course was characterized by hemorrhage, related to HVOO at imaging. Ascites (44%) and liver failure (9%) in the postoperative period were associated with blood losses and transfusions. Conclusion: Hepatic venous outflow obstruction, including development of venous collaterality and parenchymal changes, is frequent in PLD and has major consequences on intraoperative bleeding and postoperative ascites and liver failure. Hepatic venous outflow obstruction should be taken into account to choose the most appropriate surgical treatment. (Hepatology 2017).
Exosome miR‐335 as a novel therapeutic strategy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Fang , Li Ling , Piontek Klaus , Sakaguchi Masazumi , Selaru Florin M.
Published: October 2017

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and deadly cancer. Most cases of HCC arise in a cirrhotic/fibrotic liver, indicating that environment may play a paramount role in cancer genesis. Previous studies from our group and others have shown that, in desmoplastic cancers, there is a rich intercellular communication between activated, cancer‐associated fibroblasts and cancer cells. Moreover, extracellular vesicles (EVs), or exosomes, have been identified as an important arm of this intercellular communication platform. Finally, these studies have shown that EVs can carry microRNA (miR) species in vivo and deliver them to desmoplastic cancers. The precise role played by activated liver fibroblasts/stellate cells in HCC development is insufficiently known. Based on previous studies, it appears plausible that activated fibroblasts produce signals carried by EVs that promote HCC genesis. In the current study, we first hypothesized and then demonstrated that stellate cell‐derived EVs 1) can be loaded with an miR species of choice (miR‐335‐5p); 2) are taken up by HCC cells in vitro and more importantly in vivo; 3) can supply the miR‐335‐5p cargo to recipient HCC cells in vitro as well as in vivo; and 4) inhibit HCC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro as well as induce HCC tumor shrinkage in vivo. Finally, we identified messenger RNA targets for miR‐335 that are down‐regulated after treatment with EV‐miR‐335‐5p. This study informs potential therapeutic strategies in HCC, whereby stellate cell‐derived EVs are loaded with therapeutic nucleic acids and delivered in vivo. (Hepatology 2018;67:940–954)
FAT1 modulates EMT and stemness genes expression in hypoxic glioblastoma
Authors: Srivastava Chitrangda , Irshad Khushboo , Dikshit Bhawana , Chattopadhyay Parthaprasad , Sarkar Chitra , Gupta Deepak Kumar , Sinha Subrata , Chosdol Kunzang
Published: October 2017

Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by the presence of hypoxia, stemness and local invasiveness. We have earlier demonstrated that FAT1 promotes invasiveness, inflammation and upregulates HIF‐1α expression and its signaling in hypoxic GBM. Here, we have identified the role of FAT1 in regulating EMT (epithelial‐mesenchymal transition) and stemness characteristics in GBM. The expression of FAT1, EMT (Snail/LOX/Vimentin/N‐cad), stemness (SOX2/OCT4/Nestin/REST) and hypoxia markers (HIF‐1α/VEGF/PGK1/CA9) was upregulated in ≥39% of GBM tumors (n = 31) with significant positive correlation (p ≤ 0.05) of the expression of FAT1 with LOX/Vimentin/SOX2/HIF‐1α/PGK1/VEGF/CA9. Furthermore, positive correlation (p ≤ 0.01) of FAT1 with Vimentin/N‐cad/SOX2/REST/HIF‐1α has been observed in TCGA GBM‐dataset (n = 430). Analysis of cells (U87MG/A172) exposed to severe hypoxia (0.2%O2) revealed elevated mRNA expression of FAT1, EMT (Snail/LOX/Vimentin/N‐cad), stemness (SOX2/OCT4/Nestin/REST) and hypoxia markers (HIF‐1α/PGK1/VEGF/CA9) as compared to their normoxic (20%O2) counterparts. FAT1 knockdown in U87MG/A172 maintained in severe hypoxia and in normoxic primary glioma cultures led to significant reduction of EMT/stemness markers as compared to controls. HIF‐1α knockdown in U87MG cells markedly reduced the expression of all the EMT/stemness markers studied except for Nestin and SOX2 which were more under the influence of FAT1. This indicates FAT1 has a novel regulatory effect on EMT/stemness markers both via or independent of HIF‐1α. The functional relevance of our study was corroborated by significant reduction in the number of soft‐agar colonies formed in hypoxic‐siFAT1 treated U87MG cells. Hence, our study for the first time reveals FAT1 as a novel regulator of EMT/stemness in hypoxic GBM and suggests FAT1 as a potential therapeutic candidate.
The percutaneous toxicokinetics of VX in a damaged skin porcine model and the evaluation of WoundStat™ as a topical decontaminant
Authors: Lydon Helen , Hall Charlotte , Matar Hazem , Dalton Christopher , Chipman J. Kevin , Graham John S. , Chilcott Robert P.
Published: October 2017

This study used a damaged skin, porcine model to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of WoundStat™ for the decontamination of superficial, nerve agent‐contaminated wounds. Anaesthetized animals were randomly assigned to either control (n = 7), no decontamination (n = 12) or WoundStat™ (n = 12) treatment groups. Pigs were exposed to a 5× LD50 dose of neat, radiolabelled S‐[2‐(diisopropylamino)ethyl]‐O‐ethyl methyl‐phosphonothioate (VX; or equivalent volume of sterile saline for the control group) via an area of superficially damaged skin on the ear. WoundStat™ was applied at 30 seconds post‐exposure to assigned animals. The VX contaminant (or saline) and decontaminant remained in place for the duration of the study (up to 6 hours). Physiological parameters and signs of intoxication were recorded during the exposure period. Skin and organ samples were taken post mortem for 14C–VX distribution analyses. Blood samples were taken periodically for toxicokinetic and whole‐blood acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity analyses. VX exposure was accompanied by a rapid decrease in AChE activity in all animals, regardless of decontamination. However, decontamination significantly improved survival rate and time and reduced the severity of signs of intoxication. In addition, the distribution of 14C–VX in key internal organs and post mortem blood samples was significantly lower in the WoundStat™ treatment group. This study demonstrates that WoundStat™ may be a suitable medical countermeasure for increasing both survival rate and time following VX exposure. The results also suggest that AChE activity is not a useful prognostic indicator.
A rapid bio‐optical sensor for diagnosing Q fever in clinical specimens
Authors: Koo Bonhan , Jin Choong Eun , Park Se Yoon , Lee Tae Yoon , Nam Jeonghun , Jang Young‐Rock , Kim Sun Mi , Kim Ji Yeun , Kim Sung‐Han , Shin Yong
Published: October 2017

Recent zoonotic outbreaks, such as Zika, Middle East respiratory syndrome and Ebola, have highlighted the need for rapid and accurate diagnostic assays that can be used to aid pathogen control. Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the transmission of Coxiella burnetii that can cause serious illness in humans through aerosols and is considered a potential bioterrorism agent. However, the existing assays are not suitable for the detection of this pathogen due to its low levels in real samples. We here describe a rapid bio‐optical sensor for the accurate detection of Q fever and validate its clinical utility. By combining a bio‐optical sensor, that transduces the presence of the target DNA based on binding‐induced changes in the refractive index on the waveguide surface in a label‐free and real‐time manner, with isothermal DNA amplification, this new diagnostic tool offers a rapid (<20 min), 1‐step DNA amplification/detection method. We confirmed the clinical sensitivity (>90%) of the bio‐optical sensor by detecting C. burnetii in 11 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded liver biopsy samples from acute Q fever hepatitis patients and in 16 blood plasma samples from patients in which Q fever is the cause of fever of unknown origin.
The influences of a novel anti‐adhesion device, thermally cross‐linked gelatin film on peritoneal dissemination of tumor cells: Thein vitroandin vivoexperiments using murine carcinomatous peritonitis models
Authors: Miyamoto Hiroe , Tsujimoto Hiroyuki , Horii Tsunehito , Ozamoto Yuki , Ueda Joe , Takagi Toshitaka , Saitoh Naoto , Hagiwara Akeo
Published: October 2017

To create anti‐adhesive materials to be more effective and safer, we developed a thermally cross‐linked gelatin film that showed superior anti‐adhesive effects with excellent peritoneal regeneration. However, it may act as a convenient scaffold for tumor cell growth, thereby accelerating peritoneal dissemination when used in surgery for abdominal tumors. In this study, we tried to clarify this issue using mouse carcinomatous peritonitis models. First, we examined thein vitrotumor cell growth of mouse B16 melanoma or Colon26 cells on the gelatin film or the conventional hyarulonate/carboxymethylcellulose film. Tumor cell growth on each film was significantly lower than that of the control (no film). Next, we conducted the followingin vivoexperiments: After the parietal peritoneum was partially removed and covered with each film or without any film, mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with B16 melanoma or Colon26/Nluc cells expressing NanoLuc luciferase gene. At 7 days after the operation, we measured the weight of B16 melanoma tumors or the NanoLuc activity of Colon26/Nluc cells usingin vivoimaging at the injured sites. There were no significant differences in the weight of the tumors and the NanoLuc activity among the three groups. We also observed the survival time of mice receiving the same operation and treatments. There was no significant difference in the survival time among the three groups. These results suggest that the gelatin film will likely not accelerate peritoneal dissemination as a convenient scaffold for tumor cell growth when used in surgery for abdominal tumors. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2122–2130, 2018.