bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting cervical screening and HPV vaccination attendance of Roma women in Hungary: community nurse contribution is key
Authors: Pakai Annamária , Mihály-Vajda Réka , Horváthné Zsuzsanna Kívés , Gabara Krisztina Szabó , Bogdánné Eszter Basa , Oláh András , Zrínyi Miklós , Újváriné Adrienn Siket
Published: January 2022

Background

HPV screening/vaccination has been observed lower for ethic minorities. Understanding factors that predict and can improve attendance is therefore key. Hence, the aim was to identify causes, especially concerning the quality of the patient-provider relationship, that predict past HPV screening and vaccination turnout of Roma women in Hungary.

Methods

Cross-sectional research design with self-developed, culturally sensitive questionnaire. A final, female Roma sample of 368 participants was randomly selected from census register. Community nurses contacted participants and distributed surveys. Surveys were mailed-in by participants. Bivariate logistic regression was used to predict former participation in HPV screening/vaccination.

Results

Of the total sample, 17.4% of women attended at least one cervical screening and HPV vaccination in the past. Bad screening experience was positively associated with racially unfair behaviors of physicians. The odds of past attendance were 4.5 times greater if ‘no negative earlier experience’ occurred, 3.3 times likelier if community nurse performed screening/immunization and 1.6 times more probable if respondent felt ‘no shame’. Evaluating the screening/vaccination process painful, being only financially motivated and attendance involving a lot of travel decreased the odds of ‘no show’ by 50%, 40% and 41%, respectively.

Conclusions

When considering the ratio of past cervical screening attendance, we conclude that our female Roma sample did not behave differently from the general population. We saw no evidence that racial mistreatment made any contribution to explaining cervical screening participation. Past positive screening experience and the quality of patient-provider relationship increased the odds of participation the most. Cancer of friends, pain, financial motivation and travel distance decreased odds of participation to a lesser extent. In order to improve future screening and immunization, community nurses should play more central and advanced role in the organization and implementation of such services specifically targeting Roma populations.
Clarifying responsibility: professional digital health in the doctor-patient relationship, recommendations for physicians based on a multi-stakeholder dialogue in the Netherlands
Authors: Silven Anna V. , van Peet Petra G. , Boers Sarah N. , Tabak Monique , de Groot Aviva , Hendriks Djoke , van Os Hendrikus J. A. , Bonten Tobias N. , Atsma Douwe E. , de Graaf Tycho J. , Sombroek Mirjam P. , Chavannes Niels H. , Villalobos-Quesada María
Published: January 2022

Background

Implementation of digital health (eHealth) generally involves adapting pre-established and carefully considered processes or routines, and still raises multiple ethical and legal dilemmas. This study aimed to identify challenges regarding responsibility and liability when prescribing digital health in clinical practice. This was part of an overarching project aiming to explore the most pressing ethical and legal obstacles regarding the implementation and adoption of digital health in the Netherlands, and to propose actionable solutions.

Methods

A series of multidisciplinary focus groups with stakeholders who have relevant digital health expertise were analysed through thematic analysis.

Results

The emerging general theme was ‘uncertainty regarding responsibilities’ when adopting digital health. Key dilemmas take place in clinical settings and within the doctor-patient relationship (‘professional digital health’). This context is particularly challenging because different stakeholders interact. In the absence of appropriate legal frameworks and codes of conduct tailored to digital health, physicians’ responsibility is to be found in their general duty of care. In other words: to do what is best for patients (not causing harm and doing good). Professional organisations could take a leading role to provide more clarity with respect to physicians’ responsibility, by developing guidance describing physicians’ duty of care in the context of digital health, and to address the resulting responsibilities.

Conclusions

Although legal frameworks governing medical practice describe core ethical principles, rights and obligations of physicians, they do not suffice to clarify their responsibilities in the setting of professional digital health. Here we present a series of recommendations to provide more clarity in this respect, offering the opportunity to improve quality of care and patients’ health. The recommendations can be used as a starting point to develop professional guidance and have the potential to be adapted to other healthcare professionals and systems.
Association of fasting blood glucose to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with short-term outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Deng Simin , Wang Zhaojun , Zhang Yifeng , Xin Ying , Zeng Cheng , Hu Xinqun
Published: January 2022

Background

Biochemical markers are crucial for determining risk in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients; however, the relationship between fasting blood glucose to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (FG/HDL-C) ratio and short-term outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients remains unknown. Therefore, we have investigated the relationship between the FG/HDL-C ratio and short-term outcomes in ACS patients.

Methods

We used data from a pragmatic, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized clinical trial to perform a post hoc analysis. A total of 11,284 individuals with ACS were subdivided into quartiles according to their FG/HDL-C ratios. We used a multivariate logistic regression model, two-piecewise linear regression model, and generalized additive model (GAM) to evaluate the relationship between the FG/HDL-C ratio and short-term outcomes (major adverse cardiovascular events [MACEs] and cardiovascular [CV] death within 30 days).

Results

The FG/HDL-C ratio was remarkably linked to an enhanced risk of MACEs and CV death in individuals with ACS in the highest quartile (MACEs, odds ratio [OR]: 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.11, 1.99]; P < 0.01; CV death, OR: 1.69; 95% CI, [1.01, 1.41]; P = 0.04). The GAM suggested that the relationship between the FG/HDL-C ratio and MACEs and CV death was non-linear. The two-piecewise linear regression model demonstrated that the threshold values were 3.02 and 3.00 for MACEs and CV death, respectively.

Conclusions

A higher FG/HDL-C ratio is associated with a higher risk of MACEs and CV death in patients with ACS.
Establishment of an antibody specific for AMIGO2 improves immunohistochemical evaluation of liver metastases and clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Goto Keisuke , Osaki Mitsuhiko , Izutsu Runa , Tanaka Hiroshi , Sasaki Ryo , Tanio Akimitsu , Satofuka Hiroyuki , Kazuki Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Manabu , Kugoh Hiroyuki , Ito Hisao , Oshimura Mitsuo , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki , Okada Futoshi
Published: January 2022

Instruction

The human amphoterin-induced gene and open reading frame (AMIGO) was identified as a novel cell adhesion molecule of type I transmembrane protein. AMIGO2 is one of three members of the AMIGO family (AMIGO1, 2, and 3), and the similarity between them is approximately 40% at the amino acid level. We have previously shown that AMIGO2 functions as a driver of liver metastasis. Immunohistochemical analysis of AMIGO2 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) using a commercially available anti-AMIGO2 mouse monoclonal antibody clone sc-373699 (sc mAb) correlated with liver metastasis and poor prognosis. However, the sc mAb was found to be cross-reactive with all three molecules in the AMIGO family.

Methods

We generated a rat monoclonal antibody clone rTNK1A0012 (rTNK mAb) for human AMIGO2. The rTNK mAb was used to re-evaluate the association between AMIGO2 expression and liver metastases/clinical outcomes using the same CRC tissue samples previously reported with sc mAb.

Results

Western blot analysis revealed that a rTNK mAb was identified as being specific for AMIGO2 protein and did not cross-react with AMIGO1 and AMIGO3. The rTNK mAb and sc mAb showed higher AMIGO2 expression, which correlates with a high frequency of liver metastases (65.3% and 47.5%, respectively), while multivariate analysis showed that AMIGO2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for liver metastases (p = 7.930E-10 and p = 1.707E-5). The Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that the rTNK mAb (p = 0.004), but not sc mAb (p = 0.107), predicted worse overall survival in patients with high AMIGO2 expression. The relationship between AMIGO2 expression and poor disease-specific survival showed a higher level of significance for rTNK mAb (p = 0.00004) compared to sc mAb (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

These results indicate that the developed rTNK1A0012 mAb is an antibody that specifically recognizes AMIGO2 by immunohistochemistry and can be a more reliable and applicable method for the diagnostic detection of liver metastases and worse prognosis in patients with high AMIGO2-expressing CRC.
Artificial intelligence-assisted interpretation of Ki-67 expression and repeatability in breast cancer
Authors: Li Lina , Han Dandan , Yu Yongqiang , Li Jinze , Liu Yueping
Published: January 2022

Background

Ki-67 standard reference card (SRC) and artificial intelligence (AI) software were used to evaluate breast cancer Ki-67LI. We established training and validation sets and studied the repeatability inter-observers.

Methods

A total of 300 invasive breast cancer specimens were randomly divided into training and validation sets, with each set including 150 cases. Breast cancer Ki-67 standard reference card ranging from 5 to 90% were created. The training set was interpreted by nine pathologists of different ages through microscopic visual assessment (VA), SRC, microscopic manual counting (MC), and AI. The validation set was interpreted by three randomly selected pathologists using SRC and AI. The intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) were used for consistency analysis.

Results

In the homogeneous and heterogeneous groups of validation sets, the consistency among the pathologists that used SRC and AI was very good, with an ICC of>0.905. In the validation set, using SRC and AI, three pathologists obtained results that were very consistent with the gold standard, having an ICC above 0.95, and the inter-observer agreement was also very good, with an ICC of>0.9.

Conclusions

AI has satisfactory inter-observer repeatability, and the true value was closer to the gold standard, which is the preferred method for Ki-67LI reproducibility; While AI software has not been popularized, SRC may be interpreted as breast cancer Ki-67LI’s standard candidate method.
PIK3CA mutation correlates with mTOR pathway expression but not clinical and pathological features in Fibro-adipose vascular anomaly (FAVA)
Authors: Hori Yumiko , Hirose Katsutoshi , Ozeki Michio , Hata Kenji , Motooka Daisuke , Tahara Shinichiro , Matsui Takahiro , Kohara Masaharu , Higashihara Hiroki , Ono Yusuke , Tanaka Kaishu , Toyosawa Satoru , Morii Eiichi
Published: January 2022

Background

Fibro-adipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) is a rare and new entity of vascular anomaly. Activating mutations in the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) gene were identified at a frequency of 62.5% in FAVA cases. The PIK3CA mutations excessively activate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which promotes angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, implying that PIK3CA mutations may act as drivers of FAVAs. This study investigated the correlations between PIK3CA mutational status, clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical expression of the mTOR pathway in a series of FAVA.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and pathological findings of four FAVA cases. We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) with a custom panel of genes associated with the mTOR pathway and genes responsible for other vascular anomalies; followed by direct sequencing and immunohistochemical analysis of the mTOR pathway.

Results

Two PIK3CA-mutation cases and two PIK3CA-wild-type (wt) cases exhibited similar typical clinical features of FAVA. Histological analysis revealed venous malformation, lymphatic malformation, nerves containing enlarged abnormal vessels and fibrofatty tissue were observed regardless of PIK3CA mutational status. In contrast to clinical and histological findings, the immunohistochemical expression of activated AKT and mTOR that are upstream of the mTOR pathway was detected in abnormal vessels of PIK3CA-mutation cases but not in those of PIK3CA-wt cases. However, activated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), both of which are downstream effectors of the mTOR pathway, were expressed in abnormal vessels of both PIK3CA-mutation and PIK3CA-wt cases. Furthermore, targeting NGS did not find any common genetic mutations involved in the mTOR pathway among PIK3CA-wt cases.

Conclusions

There was no significant association between the presence of PIK3CA mutations and the clinicopathological features of FAVA, suggesting that the PIK3CA gene is not necessarily involved in the onset of FAVA. FAVAs lacking PIK3CA mutations may be caused by other gene mutations that activate 4EBP1 and S6K1.
Timing of inspiratory muscle activity detected from airway pressure and flow during pressure support ventilation: the waveform method
Authors: Mojoli Francesco , Pozzi Marco , Orlando Anita , Bianchi Isabella M. , Arisi Eric , Iotti Giorgio A. , Braschi Antonio , Brochard Laurent
Published: January 2022

Background

Whether respiratory efforts and their timing can be reliably detected during pressure support ventilation using standard ventilator waveforms is unclear. This would give the opportunity to assess and improve patient–ventilator interaction without the need of special equipment.

Methods

In 16 patients under invasive pressure support ventilation, flow and pressure waveforms were obtained from proximal sensors and analyzed by three trained physicians and one resident to assess patient’s spontaneous activity. A systematic method (the waveform method) based on explicit rules was adopted. Esophageal pressure tracings were analyzed independently and used as reference. Breaths were classified as assisted or auto-triggered, double-triggered or ineffective. For assisted breaths, trigger delay, early and late cycling (minor asynchronies) were diagnosed. The percentage of breaths with major asynchronies (asynchrony index) and total asynchrony time were computed.

Results

Out of 4426 analyzed breaths, 94.1% (70.4–99.4) were assisted, 0.0% (0.0–0.2) auto-triggered and 5.8% (0.4–29.6) ineffective. Asynchrony index was 5.9% (0.6–29.6). Total asynchrony time represented 22.4% (16.3–30.1) of recording time and was mainly due to minor asynchronies. Applying the waveform method resulted in an inter-operator agreement of 0.99 (0.98–0.99); 99.5% of efforts were detected on waveforms and agreement with the reference in detecting major asynchronies was 0.99 (0.98–0.99). Timing of respiratory efforts was accurately detected on waveforms: AUC for trigger delay, cycling delay and early cycling was 0.865 (0.853–0.876), 0.903 (0.892–0.914) and 0.983 (0.970–0.991), respectively.

Conclusions

Ventilator waveforms can be used alone to reliably assess patient’s spontaneous activity and patient–ventilator interaction provided that a systematic method is adopted.
EU health information progress: the harvest of policy supporting projects and networks
Authors: Tijhuis Mariken J. , Abboud Linda A. , Achterberg Peter W.
Published: January 2022

Background

The European Commission supports the initiation of health information related projects and networks serving comparative population health monitoring and health system performance assessment. Many of these projects and networks have produced relevant data, standards, methods, indicators and knowledge that may be lost as these networks become inactive.

The aim of this project retrieval and review was to identify health information projects and networks and their produced output; and subsequently facilitate systematic access to this information for policy makers, researchers and interested others via a web-based repository.

Methods

The scope of this article covers 1. population health oriented topics and 2. health system/health services oriented topics. Out of scope are specific infectious diseases; individual rare diseases; and the occurrence and effects of specific medical treatments, interventions and diagnostics; cohort studies; or studies focusing on research methods.

We searched bibliographic databases and EU project databases for policy supporting projects and networks and selected those fulfilling our inclusion criteria after more in-depth inspection. We searched for their outputs. In addition, we reviewed country participation in these projects and networks.

Results

We identified 36 projects and networks, 16 of which are population health oriented, 6 are health systems and services oriented and 14 cover both. Their total volume of output is not easily retrievable, as many project websites have been discontinued. Some networks and/or their outputs have found continuance within European agencies and/or national institutions. Others are struggling or have gone lost, despite their policy relevance. Participation in the projects was not evenly distributed across Europe. Project information was made available through the Health Information Portal.

Conclusions

EU funded projects and networks have contributed greatly to the evidence-base for policy by providing comparative health information. However, more action is needed to evaluate and conserve their outputs and facilitate continued contribution to the field after project funding stops. The realization of a sustainable infrastructure for these projects and networks is urgent. The Health Information Portal can play an important role in conserving and reusing health information. Information inequalities may exist across Europe but need further investigating.
Influence of hydrothermal recharge on the evolution of eruption styles and hazards during the 2018–2019 activity at Kuchinoerabujima Volcano, Japan
Authors: Minami Yusuke , Matsumoto Keiko , Geshi Nobuo , Shinohara Hiroshi
Published: January 2022

The activity of the 2018–2019 eruption of Kuchinoerabujima Volcano in Japan changed from continuous ejection of ash-laden plumes between October 21 and the middle of December, to intermittent explosive activity accompanied by several pyroclastic density currents until January 2019. To understand the behaviors of magma and hydrothermal fluid that controlled the eruptive sequence, we carried out component analysis, X-ray diffractometry, and leachate analysis for ash samples. The proportion of non-altered volcanic ash particles is ~ 15% in the earlier phase, then it decreased to less than 10% in the later explosive phase. Accordingly, the mineral assemblage of the volcanic ash samples changed from plagioclase-dominant to sulfate minerals-dominant. Concentration of SO42− and Cl/SO4 values of the ash-leachates decreased toward the later activity. These results indicate that the proportion of fresh volcanic rocks decreased and sulfuric acid fluid-derived sulfate minerals increased toward the later activities. Consequently, the 2018–2019 eruption at Kuchinoerabujima Volcano changed from magmatic activity to phreatomagmatic activity. Weak glowing of the crater was observed during the magmatic activity, indicating the volcanic conduit was hot enough to dry up the sub-volcanic hydrothermal system. The following phreatomagmatic activity indicates that the hydrothermal fluid recharged after the magmatic eruption phase. Recharge of the hydrothermal fluid likely caused the variation of the eruption style, and is a process that may control the evolution of hazards during future eruption scenarios at similar active volcanoes in Japan and worldwide.

Graphical Abstract
Salvage thoracoscopic esophagectomy after carbon-ion radiotherapy in a patient with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Kuriyama Kengo , Sohda Makoto , Saito Hideyuki , Ubukata Yasunari , Nakazawa Nobuhiro , Hara Keigo , Sakai Makoto , Sano Akihiko , Ogawa Hiroomi , Sano Takaaki , Yasuda Shigeo , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Shirabe Ken , Saeki Hiroshi
Published: February 2022

Background

Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for esophageal cancer has been receiving significant attention given its high local control rates and minimal damage to normal tissues. However, the efficacy and safety of salvage surgery after CIRT for esophageal cancer remain unclear. We report the case of a patient who underwent salvage thoracoscopic surgery after CIRT.

Case presentation

A 51-year-old woman underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and a type 0-IIa + 0-IIc esophageal squamous cell carcinoma located 27–29 cm from the patient’s incisors, classified as clinical stage I (T1bN0M0), was detected. She received CIRT (50.4 Gy [relative biological effectiveness, RBE]/12 fr) for localized esophageal cancer and achieved complete remission after 4 months. Six years after CIRT, follow-up endoscopic examination demonstrated a type 0-IIa + 0-IIc tumor in the previously treated area. In addition, a type 0-IIa lesion located 20–22 cm from the incisors was found. We diagnosed localized ESCC, classified as clinical stage I (T1bN0M0). Salvage thoracoscopic surgery was performed in the prone position with five access ports. Although the esophagus tightly adhered to the thoracic descending aorta and left main bronchus with severe fibrosis, the esophagus could be separated from the surrounding organs with careful forceps manipulation. The operation time and blood loss were 8 h 45 min and 253 mL, respectively. The patient was discharged from our hospital 17 days after the salvage surgery without any complications. Pathological findings revealed two squamous cell carcinomas. Both tumors were localized in the lamina propria mucosa, and lymph node metastasis was not detected. The tumors were diagnosed as pathological stage IA (pT1aN0M0) according to the TNM criteria. Moreover, pathological examinations showed severe fibrosis of the previously irradiated tissues compared to the normal esophagus located outside of the irradiation field. Following the surgery, the patient had no recurrence for 1 year and 6 months.

Conclusions

Thoracoscopic radical esophagectomy can be performed as salvage surgery. Careful and discreet surgery is integral to perform salvage surgery after CIRT since CIRT may cause severe adhesions and fibrosis in the irradiated field.
Morphological differences in tardigrade spermatozoa induce variation in gamete motility
Authors: Sugiura Kenta , Shiba Kogiku , Inaba Kazuo , Matsumoto Midori
Published: January 2022

Background

Fertilization is an event at the beginning of ontogeny. Successful fertilization depends on strategies for uniting female and male gametes that developed throughout evolutionary history. In some species of tardigrades, investigations of reproduction have revealed that released spermatozoa swim in the water to reach a female, after which the gametes are stored in her body. The morphology of the spermatozoa includes a coiled nucleus and a species-specific-length acrosome. Although the mating behaviour and morphology of tardigrades have been reported, the motility of male gametes remains unknown. Here, using a high-speed camera, we recorded the spermatozoon motilities of two tardigrades, Paramacrobiotus sp. and Macrobiotus shonaicus, which have longer and shorter spermatozoa, respectively.

Results

The movement of spermatozoa was faster in Paramacrobiotus sp. than in M. shonaicus, but the beat frequencies of the tails were equal, suggesting that the long tail improved acceleration. In both species, the head part consisting of a coiled nucleus and an acrosome did not swing, in contrast to the tail. The head part of Paramacrobiotus sp. spermatozoa swung harder during turning; in contrast, the tail of M. shonaicus moved more widely than the head. Finally, after mating, the spermatozoa that reached the female aggregated around the cloaca while waiting to enter her body in both tested species.

Conclusions

This study provides results for the first observations and analyses of individual spermatozoon motility in tardigrades. A comparison of the spermatozoon movements of the two tardigrades suggested that the motilities of the male gametes were affected by morphological differences, where the longer spermatozoa swam faster and the shorter ones showed more stable swimming. Swimming was mainly induced by tail movement, but the long head of Paramacrobiotus sp. spermatozoa might be especially important for turning. In addition, observations of mated female cloacae suggested that the head parts of the spermatozoa were required for aggregation around the cloaca of a mated female.
Protein content and HvNAM alleles in Nordic barley (Hordeum vulgare) during a century of breeding
Authors: Hagenblad Jenny , Vanhala Tytti , Madhavan Sharmila , Leino Matti W.
Published: January 2022

Background

Barley has been bred for more than a century in the Nordic countries, with dramatic improvements of yield traits. In this study we investigate if this has come at the cost of lower grain protein and micronutrient (iron, zinc) content, by analysing 80 accessions representing four different improvement stages. We further re-sequenced the two grain protein content associated genes HvNAM-1 and HvNAM-2 in full and performed expression analyses of the same genes to search for genetic associations with nutrient content.

Results

We found higher thousand grain weight in barley landraces and in accessions from the late improvement group compared to accessions from the mid of the twentieth century. Straw length was much reduced in late stage accessions. No significant temporal decrease in grain protein, iron or zinc content during twentieth century Nordic crop improvement could be detected. Out of the 80 accessions only two deviant HvNAM-1 sequences were found, represented by one accession each. These do not appear to be correlated to grain protein content. The sequence of HvNAM-2 was invariable in all accessions and no correlations between expression levels of HvNAM-1 and HvNAM-2 and with grain protein content was found.

Conclusions

In contrast to studies in wheat, where a strong negative correlation between straw length and grain protein and micronutrient content has been found, we do not see this relationship in Nordic barley. The last 60 years of breeding has reduced straw length but, contrary to expectations, not protein and micronutrient content. Variation in grain protein and micronutrient content was found among the Nordic barley accessions, but it is not explained by variation of HvNAM genes. This means that HvNAM is an unexploited source of genetic variation for nutrient content in Nordic barley.
Clinical acceptance of advanced visualization methods: a comparison study of 3D-print, virtual reality glasses, and 3D-display
Authors: Muff Julian Louis , Heye Tobias , Thieringer Florian Markus , Brantner Philipp
Published: January 2022

Background

To compare different methods of three-dimensional representations, namely 3D-Print, Virtual Reality (VR)-Glasses and 3D-Display regarding the understanding of the pathology, accuracy of details, quality of the anatomical representation and technical operability and assessment of possible change in treatment in different disciplines and levels of professional experience.

Methods

Interviews were conducted with twenty physicians from the disciplines of cardiology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthopedic surgery, and radiology between 2018 and 2020 at the University Hospital of Basel. They were all presented with three different three-dimensional clinical cases derived from CT data from their area of expertise, one case for each method. During this, the physicians were asked for their feedback written down on a pencil and paper questionnaire.

Results

Concerning the understanding of the pathology and quality of the anatomical representation, VR-Glasses were rated best in three out of four disciplines and two out of three levels of professional experience. Regarding the accuracy of details, 3D-Display was rated best in three out of four disciplines and all levels of professional experience. As to operability, 3D-Display was consistently rated best in all levels of professional experience and all disciplines. Possible change in treatment was reported using 3D-Print in 33%, VR-Glasses in 44%, and 3D-Display in 33% of participants. Physicians with a professional experience of more than ten years reported no change in treatment using any method.

Conclusions

3D-Print, VR-Glasses, and 3D-Displays are very well accepted, and a relevant percentage of participants with less than ten years of professional work experience could imagine a possible change in treatment using any of these three-dimensional methods. Our findings challenge scientists, technicians, and physicians to further develop these methods to improve the three-dimensional understanding of pathologies and to add value to the education of young and inexperienced physicians.
Morphological heterogeneity description enabled early and parallel non-invasive prediction of T-cell proliferation inhibitory potency and growth rate for facilitating donor selection of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Imai Yuta , Kanie Kei , Kato Ryuji
Published: January 2022

Background

Within the extensively developed therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), allogenic immunomodulatory therapy is among the promising categories. Although donor selection is a critical early process that can maximize the production yield, determining the promising candidate is challenging owing to the lack of effective biomarkers and variations of cell sources. In this study, we developed the morphology-based non-invasive prediction models for two quality attributes, the T-cell proliferation inhibitory potency and growth rate.

Methods

Eleven lots of mixing bone marrow-derived and adipose-derived MSCs were analyzed. Their morphological profiles and growth rates were quantified by image processing by acquiring 6 h interval time-course phase-contrast microscopic image acquisition. T-cell proliferation inhibitory potency was measured by employing flow cytometry for counting the proliferation rate of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-cultured with MSCs. Subsequently, the morphological profile comprising 32 parameters describing the time-course transition of cell population distribution was used for explanatory parameters to construct T-cell proliferation inhibitory potency classification and growth rate prediction models. For constructing prediction models, the effect of machine learning methods, parameter types, and time-course window size of morphological profiles were examined to identify those providing the best performance.

Results

Unsupervised morphology-based visualization enabled the identification of anomaly lots lacking T-cell proliferation inhibitory potencies. The best performing machine learning models exhibited high performances of predictions (accuracy > 0.95 for classifying risky lots, and RMSE < 1.50 for predicting growth rate) using only the first 4 days of morphological profiles. A comparison of morphological parameter types showed that the accumulated time-course information of morphological heterogeneity in cell populations is important for predicting the potencies.

Conclusions

To enable more consistent cell manufacturing of allogenic MSC-based therapeutic products, this study indicated that early non-invasive morphology-based prediction can facilitate the lot selection process for effective cell bank establishment. It was also found that morphological heterogeneity description is important for such potency prediction. Furthermore, performances of the morphology-based prediction models trained with data consisting of origin-different MSCs demonstrated the effectiveness of sharing morphological data between different types of MSCs, thereby complementing the data limitation issue in the morphology-based quality prediction concept.
Complications of Diabetes and Metrics of Glycemic Management Derived From Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Yapanis Michael , James Steven , Craig Maria E , O’Neal David , Ekinci Elif I
Published: January 2022

Context

Although glycated hemoglobin A1c is currently the best parameter used clinically to assess risk for the development of diabetes complications, it does not provide insight into short-term fluctuations in glucose levels. This review summarizes the relationship between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived metrics of glycemic variability and diabetes-related complications.

Evidence Acquisition

PubMed and Embase databases were searched from January 1, 2010 to August 22, 2020, using the terms type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular complications, and measures of glycaemic variability. Exclusion criteria were studies that did not use CGM and studies involving participants who were not diabetic, acutely unwell (post stroke, post surgery), pregnant, or using insulin pumps.

Evidence Synthesis

A total of 1636 records were identified, and 1602 were excluded, leaving 34 publications in the final review. Of the 20 852 total participants, 663 had type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 19 909 had type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glycemic variability and low time in range (TIR) showed associations with all studied microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Notably, higher TIR was associated with reduced risk of albuminuria, retinopathy, cardiovascular disease mortality, all-cause mortality, and abnormal carotid intima-media thickness. Peripheral neuropathy was predominantly associated with standard deviation of blood glucose levels (SD) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE).

Conclusion

The evidence supports the association between diabetes complications and CGM-derived measures of intraday glycemic variability. TIR emerged as the most consistent measure, supporting its emerging role in clinical practice. More longitudinal studies and trials are required to confirm these associations, particularly for T1D, for which there are limited data.
The Metabolic Role and Therapeutic Potential of the Microbiome
Authors: Olofsson Louise E , Bäckhed Fredrik
Published: January 2022

We are host to an assembly of microorganisms that vary in structure and function along the length of the gut and from the lumen to the mucosa. This ecosystem is collectively known as the gut microbiota and significant efforts have been spent during the past 2 decades to catalog and functionally describe the normal gut microbiota and how it varies during a wide spectrum of disease states. The gut microbiota is altered in several cardiometabolic diseases and recent work has established microbial signatures that may advance disease. However, most research has focused on identifying associations between the gut microbiota and human diseases states and to investigate causality and potential mechanisms using cells and animals. Since the gut microbiota functions on the intersection between diet and host metabolism, and can contribute to inflammation, several microbially produced metabolites and molecules may modulate cardiometabolic diseases. Here we discuss how the gut bacterial composition is altered in, and can contribute to, cardiometabolic disease, as well as how the gut bacteria can be targeted to treat and prevent metabolic diseases.
Polish Version of Lars Tornstam’s Gerotranscendence Scale Type 2 (GST2-PL)
Authors: Brudek Paweł
Published: February 2022

Cel pracy

Jesteśmy dziś świadkami dynamicznych zmian w strukturze demograficznej wielu krajów świata. Ich wyrazem jest między innymi postępujący proces starzenia się ludności. Fakt ten rodzi pytanie o czynniki sprzyjające pozytywnemu starzeniu się. W obszarze psychologii klinicznej skuteczne poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na to pytanie zakłada między innymi konieczność prowadzenia badań empirycznych przy zastosowaniu metod o wysokich walorach psychometrycznych. W artykule zaprezentowano efekty prac nad polską adaptacją Skali Gerotranscendencji Typu 2 (GST2-PL). Opisano właściwości psychometryczne (rzetelność i trafność) narzędzia. Skala przeznaczona jest głównie do badania osób starszych.

Metoda

W badaniach wzięło udział 685 (kobiety = 464, mężczyźni = 221) osób w wieku 60-85 lat. Zastosowano następujące narzędzia psychologicznego pomiaru: Skalę Gerotranscendencji Typu 2 autorstwa L. Tornstama, Skalę Dobrostanu Psychicznego C. Ryff, Samoopisową Skalę Mądrości J. D. Webstera.

Wyniki

Eksploracyjna analiza czynnikowa polskiej wersji GST2 ujawniła tę samą trójczynnikową strukturę gerotranscendencji, zawierającą wymiary Kosmiczny, Ja, Relacji społecznych, którą ustalił Tornstam. GST2-PL składa się więc z 10 pozycji, w tym 8 diagnostycznych. Za pomocą CFA potwierdzono strukturę czynnikową narzędzia.

Wnioski

Otrzymane rezultaty wskazują, że GST2 może być stosowana w celu badania przejawów gerotranscendencji u osób starszych nie tylko w Szwecji, Japonii, USA, czy Tajwanie, ale także w Polsce.
Istota kwestionariusza przeglądu lekowego farmaceuty z perspektywy koordynowanej opieki zdrowotnej
Authors: Jurewicz Błażej , Oberska Joanna , Prusaczyk Artur , Żuk Paweł , Guzek Marika , Bogdan Magdalena
Published: January 2022

Idea opieki farmaceutycznej zakłada ścisłą współpracę farmaceuty z przedstawicielami innych profesji medycznych w celu objęcia pacjenta holistyczną opieka zdrowotną. Zadaniem farmaceuty jest rozpoznawanie oraz proponowanie rozwiązań w zakresie problemów i interakcji lekowych. Realizacji tego procesu nie byłaby możliwa bez odpowiednich narzędzi. W ramach niniejszej pracy zaprezentowano istotę i zakres kwestionariusza przeglądu lekowego farmaceuty. Kwestionariusz ten jest autorskim narzędziem stworzonym w oparciu o doświadczenie i praktykę medyczno-biznesową podmiotu leczniczego Centrum Medyczno-Diagnostyczne w Siedlcach.

Kwestionariusz przeglądu lekowego farmaceuty umożliwia zbieranie następujących informacji: dane osobowe pacjenta, subiektywne odczucia pacjenta dotyczące jego stanu zdrowia, informacje o chorobach, alergiach, szczepieniach, badaniach okresowych i prewencyjnych oraz inne dodatkowe dane medyczne. Istotną częścią kwestionariusza jest blok informacji dot. farmakoterapii, w tym rodzaju i typie leków przyjmowanych przez pacjenta, dawkowaniu, efektywności terapii, działaniach niepożądanych związanych z przyjmowaniem produktów leczniczych oraz zasobach lekowych pacjenta. Prezentowane narzędzie zawiera także dodatkowe informacje bazujące na wywiadzie z pacjentem oraz odpowiednie zalecenia farmaceuty.

Prawidłowa identyfikacja oraz poszerzenie zakresu informacji zawartych w ramach kwestionariusza przeglądu lekowego farmaceuty ma kluczowe znaczenie dla implementacji oraz realizacji koordynowanej opieki zdrowotnej, uwzgledniającej aspekt opieki farmaceutycznej.
Second Screening—The Influence of Concurrent TV Consumption on Online Shopping Behavior
Authors: Hinz Oliver , Hill Shawndra , Sharma Amit
Published: February 2022

The practice of using a “second screen” while concurrently watching television (TV) has become a widespread phenomenon. People use a smartphone, a tablet, or a laptop while watching TV to conduct research on the show that they are watching, to communicate with their friends, or to do online shopping. Whereas work on multitasking suggests that TV consumption may lead to lower online sales, research in the area of impulse buying suggests the opposite. Our finding, based on a panel data set following 100,000 consumers in the United States and a Big Data set from browsing behavior, shows on the aggregate and the individual level that second screening can lead to higher sales for low-complexity goods (e.g., beverages, food, detergents) but causes lower sales of highly complex goods like financial products and consumer electronics. If a TV program appeals to a large TV audience, then this results in fewer immediate sales of high-complexity products (1% increase in TV consumption leads to −2.2% sales) and more sales of low-complexity products (1% increase in TV consumption leads to +8.8% sales).
Understanding Teacher Morale Among Primary School Teachers
Authors: Mboweni L. , Taole Matshidiso Joyce
Published: January 2022

Teacher morale affects all aspects of the school and education system. Yet, the current status of teaching does not provide a rosy picture as teachers are reported to be demoralized and stressed. This qualitative study explored teachers’ experiences that influence their morale. The study was guided by the research question: How do workplace experiences affect teacher morale in selected primary schools? Qualitative data were gathered through six focus group interviews with 36 teachers in four primary schools and were analyzed using a content analysis framework. Data revealed that teacher morale was low. Participants identified school climate factors such as inappropriate professional development activities and violence as threats to their morale. Furthermore, a lack of parental involvement in the affairs of the school was regarded as a setback by teachers. This study highlighted specific issues that influence teacher morale and contribute to the understanding of the state of their morale. The study recommends that more attention is given to ensuring that teacher morale is enhanced for educational goals to be realized. Improving teacher morale has many benefits in that it helps teachers to maintain a positive attitude and be happy at work.
Behavioral Factors Affecting the Acclimatization of Newly-Appointed Teachers in Primary Schools: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Alexopoulos Nikolaos , Rogari Georgia , Raptis Nikolaos
Published: January 2022

Despite findings in the literature on its significance, the acclimatization of teachers into school units is not well organized. Hence, many newly appointed teachers fell as a “foreign body” into school, they do not interact with the other members of staff and they are not actively engaged in school life. This study aims to explore the factors involved in social behavior (collegial relations) among members of the educational community. These factors may affect the acclimatization/reception of teachers who, regardless of their teaching experience, are called to teach for the first time in a new school environment. According to the findings, it is essential the attitudes of teaching staff, in matters of cooperation, to be transformed and a collegial climate in schools to be established. To this end, fostering empathy among teachers through educational activities and enhancing opportunities for cooperation and teamwork inside and outside the classroom would be of significant contribution.
Key Concepts in Advertising: Disability
Authors: Loebner Josh
Published: January 2022

Abstract: Key Concepts in Advertising articles provide short lectures on an important concept to help understand advertising's place in society, culture, history, and the economy. This article focuses on disability and its evolving place in advertising and society. A series of short videos provide background information about disability in society; define key concepts including disability, accessibility, and other terminology; and encourage viewers to apply the learnings in their own creation and analysis of advertisements. Viewers learn that disability in advertising has evolved from othering and ableism toward representations of inclusion and welcoming. Additionally, viewers understand the value and role of accessible advertising to build equitable connections with disabled audiences. A recommended reading list provides other sources to learn more about advertising and disability and its associated topics.
Healthy Living and The Brands That Pay for It: A Qualitative Exploration of Health-Related Native Advertising on BuzzFeed and HuffPost
Authors: Noland Chris , Li Jo-Yun , Wen Taylor Jing
Published: January 2022

Abstract: This exploratory study investigates the presentation of health-related native advertising on BuzzFeed and HuffPost, two major media companies displaying native advertisements on their sites. A qualitative content analysis of 146 unique ads published between December 22, 2015 and January 21, 2021 was conducted. This study identifies the sponsor brands, promoted products, presentation formats, information sources, and disclosure types related to health-related native advertising. The current research offers advertisers, publishers, governmental officials, and scholars key theoretical and practical insights with which they can more effectively propose appropriate regulations and refine health-related native advertising strategies for audiences.
Digital Collection: COVID-19 Vaccine Public Service Announcements (PSAs)
Authors: Pearl Sharrona
Published: January 2022

Abstract: This Digital Collection presents 71 early COVID-19 vaccine public service announcements (PSAs) in video format from late 2020 and early 2021. Professor Sharrona Pearl provides an introduction that gives some background and context around the pandemic and COVID-19 vaccines. Key themes covered in the introduction and among the PSAs include vaccine hesitancy, safety, science, and availability of vaccines. Professor Pearl and the editors of Advertising & Society Quarterly hope that this collection can be helpful to analyze and reflect on the role of advertising in society, culture, and the economy during this historic global health crisis.
The Voice Catchers: How Marketers Listen In to Exploit Your Feelings, Your Privacy, and Your Wallet
Authors: Turow Joseph , Draper Nora , Einstein Mara , Hamilton James F. , Timke Edward
Published: January 2022

Abstract: This Author Meets Critics conversation focuses on Joseph Turow's book The Voice Catchers: How Marketers Listen In to Exploit Your Feelings, Your Privacy, and Your Wallet (Yale University Press, 2021). Turow met with marketing and advertising specialists to discuss the following topics: the voice intelligence industry; the concepts of seductive surveillance, spiral of personalization, habituation, and resignation; surveillance capitalism; what voice data reveal and don't reveal about people; the institutionalization of voice enabled technologies; inaccurate predictions based on biometric data; investigating patent filings to understand how marketers imagine their work and the future; how voice technologies empower and disempower; opt-in personalization; building awareness of voice technologies; obscurity around the voice intelligence industry's business model; data sharing; why female voices are used frequently in voice-enabled technologies; challenges of doing industry-based research; companies' hesitancy to share data and collaborate on voice-related projects; the responsibility of voice scientists to intervene in the use of their research by marketers; and advice for readers of the book.
Secret Agencies: How a Critical Media Scholar Got Inside Advertising
Authors: Boulton Christopher
Published: January 2022

Abstract: This access narrative recounts how I conducted ethnographic research on the lack of diversity within advertising agencies in New York City during the summer of 2010. It positions this effort as a response to the scholarly tendency to make semiotic analysis the dominant mode of critical advertising studies and follows cultural studies scholar Richard Johnson's call to "decenter the text" and move the attention of cultural studies toward what Marx called "the hidden abode of production." My hope is that this essay will help demystify my process for securing entrance to agency settings and thereby encourage emerging critical scholars to generate new methods of understanding (and disrupting) the closed social networks that enable and perpetuate White opportunity hoarding throughout the creative industries.