bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algorithms for Collective Construction of 2D Block Structures with Holes
Authors: Fitzsimmons Zachary , Flatland Robin
Published: April 2019

In this paper we present algorithms for collective construction systems in which a large number of autonomous mobile robots transport modular building elements to construct a desired structure. We focus on building block structures subject to some physical constraints that restrict the order in which the blocks may be attached to the structure. Specifically, we determine a partial ordering on the blocks such that if they are attached in accordance with this ordering, then (i) the structure is a single, connected piece at all intermediate stages of construction, and (ii) no block is attached between two other previously attached blocks, since such a space is too narrow for a robot to maneuver a block into it. Previous work has consider this problem for building 2D structures without holes. Here we consider 2D structures with holes. We model the problem as a graph orientation problem and describe an O(n2) algorithm for solving it. We also describe how this partial ordering may be used in a distributed fashion by the robots to coordinate their actions during the building process.
Physiological Versus Perceived Foot Temperature, and Perceived Comfort, during Treadmill Running in Shoes and Socks of Various Constructions
Authors: Barkley Rachel , Bumgarner Mike , Poss Erin , Senchina David
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether people could accurately perceive physiological foot temperature during brief bouts of treadmill running in different combinations of shoe and sock models, and also how perception of comfort was influenced. Sixteen young adult males (21.3  0.8 years, 181.8  1 cm, 74.6  1.5 kg) participated in two separate studies where they alternated running and resting for 10 min each with temperature probes attached at two sites on the lateral dorsal aspect of the right foot. Subjects reported perceptions of foot comfort and temperature after each run using 10 cm visual analogue scales. In the first experiment, different sock models were tested with the same shoe model; in the second experiment, different shoe models were tested with the same sock model. Foot temperature did not differ statistically as a function of shoe or sock model in either experiment. Subjects did not perceive any difference in foot temperature in the shoe experiment, but perceived their foot as being cooler when wearing either a polyester sock or a calf compression sleeve and more comfortable when wearing shoes with less mass. Taken together, the results suggest that subjects’ perceptions of foot temperature may not coincide with physiological foot temperature and are more strongly influenced by sock characteristics than shoe characteristics. Further, shoe mass (but not sock fiber weave or composition) may impact comfort perception by subjects.
Determining the Efficacy of IonatorEXP™ Activated Tap Water on Growth of Staphyloccocus aures and Escherichia coli.
Authors: Schiedler Sara , Peterson Rachelle , Showsh Sasha , Yang Thao
Published: April 2019

The efficacy in growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli of the IonatorEXP™ activated tap water was compared to plain tap water, Quatsyl™, and Butchers Neutral Disinfectant™. Treatment with Quatsyl™ or Butchers Morning Mist™ Neutral Disinfectant resulted in complete inhibition of growth for both S. aureus and E.coli. Treatments with IonatorEXP™ activated tap water, performed as directed by the manufacturer, or plain tap water, resulted in no observable inhibition of growth for either of the bacterial strains tested. This observation is not unexpected given that analysis of pH, conductivity and H2O2 on IonatorEXP™ activated tap water were statistically the same values as those determined for plain tap water that was not activated by the IonatorEXP™.
Adhesive Luting in Ceramic Inlays and Porcelain Laminate Veneers
Authors: Mohamed Elmarakby Ahmed
Published: April 2019

Ceramic inlays, composite inlay-onlays and porcelain or zircon laminate veneers relay to a great extent on the acceptable clinical performance of adhesive luting as it considered the weakest point of the indirect restoration. Although most authors augment the opinion that bonding to enamel is more predictable and has better bond strength than bonding to dentin substrate, but it cannot completely depend on good enamel bond as a process of success of luting adhesive. An additional dentin bond is important not only for improvement the over-all bond strength but also to decrease postoperative hypersensitivities.
Robust Variable Selection and Estimation Based on Kernel Modal Regression
Authors: Guo Changying , Song Biqin , Wang Yingjie , Chen Hong , Xiong Huijuan
Published: April 2019

Model-free variable selection has attracted increasing interest recently due to its flexibility in algorithmic design and outstanding performance in real-world applications. However, most of the existing statistical methods are formulated under the mean square error (MSE) criterion, and susceptible to non-Gaussian noise and outliers. As the MSE criterion requires the data to satisfy Gaussian noise condition, it potentially hampers the effectiveness of model-free methods in complex circumstances. To circumvent this issue, we present a new model-free variable selection algorithm by integrating kernel modal regression and gradient-based variable identification together. The derived modal regression estimator is related closely to information theoretic learning under the maximum correntropy criterion, and assures algorithmic robustness to complex noise by replacing learning of the conditional mean with the conditional mode. The gradient information of estimator offers a model-free metric to screen the key variables. In theory, we investigate the theoretical foundations of our new model on generalization-bound and variable selection consistency. In applications, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by data experiments.
“IT’S OVER 9000.” APEIRON NARRATIVE CONFIGURATIONS IN CONTEMPORARY MEDIASCAPE
Authors: Cassone Vincenzo Idone
Published: April 2019

Recently, a peculiar narrative configuration has developed and is spreading through the internet culture and new media. Characterised by a specific representation of the individual growth process, Apeiron narratives find their origin in pen & paper role-playing games, but it is only after the development of digital games and the diffusion of the Japanese cultural codex through the contemporary mediascape that they have become a coherent, autonomous and viral phenomenon.

In the following pages, this narrative configuration will be described through a series of paradigmatic examples; its roots will be traced back to the peculiar traits of role-playing games, and the importance of recent digital adaptation will be highlighted. Finally, I will describe its diffusion beyond the domain of fictional text, hinting at possible environments for its diffusion.
ACTITUDES, CONOCIMIENTOS Y PRÁCTICAS DE MADRES DE NIÑOS EN EDAD PREESCOLAR FRENTE A LA ALIMENTACIÓN DE SUS HIJOS, UN ACERCAMIENTO A LA REALIDAD DE LA COMUNA 9 DE ARMENIA (QUINDÍO)
Authors: Arias Pérez Sebastian , Ramírez Soler Ángela María , Valencia Burbano Jennifer Paola , Villa Encizo Leidy Geraldine , Londoño Buriticá Diana Patricia , Gómez Santos Cesar Augusto
Published: April 2019

Los niños requieren cuidado permanente. A medida que éstos van creciendo, adquieren las bases para generar sus propios hábitos saludables. Generalmente la madre como cuidadora principal, es quien se encarga de fortalecer y afianzar en sus hijos, aspectos relacionados con la forma adecuada de alimentarse.

El presente documento da cuenta de los resultados de una investigación cuantitativa de corte transversal, que tuvo como objetivo la descripción de los conocimientos, las actitudes y las prácticas de las madres frente a la alimenta­ción de sus hijos en edad preescolar, en la comuna 9 de la ciudad de Armenia, Quindío. Utilizó un muestreo inten­cional y un instrumento de recolección de información tipo CAP (Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas) diseñado por los autores y aplicado a 50 mujeres con edades que oscilaron entre los 18 y 54 años, previa aplicación de prueba piloto y firma del consentimiento informado por parte de los participantes. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la utilización del programa Excel para procesar datos, versión 2010 de Microsoft. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva a los datos recabados.

Dentro de los principales hallazgos se evidenció que las madres reconocen el concepto de alimentación saludable y logran identificar los grupos de alimentos más importantes en la dieta de sus hijos. Frente a las actitudes, las mujeres encuestadas se muestran indiferentes y evidencian prácticas alimentarias deficientes.

La literatura actual sobre la temática, es limitada; sin embargo, los hallazgos del presente estudio, se contrastaron con reportes de investigaciones nacionales e internacionales.
Study of Stability and Expiration Date of Intralin Powder in Bottles 0.5 and 1.0 g
Authors: Khusainova R.A. , Ubaydullaev K.A. , Rizaev N.M. , Akromov M.O.
Published: April 2019

Thestudy of antibiotics as a potential drug, in addition in order to develop effective methods for assessing quality in preclinical stage includes the establishment of stability and expiry date. This study regulatory requirement is necessary to establish the time during which the substance remains unchanged physical, chemical, biological properties, i.e. suitable to all requirements of regulatory documentation. Justification of the established expiry date of the substance is included in the section of the registration dossier on the methods of quality assessment. The purpose of this study is to establish the expectancy duration and stability of the antibiotics of the cephalosparin group of a number produced by “Jurabek Laboratories” JV LLC.
Educational Network Projects as Form of E-Learning
Authors: Daradkeh Dr. Yousef Ibrahim , Testov V. A. , Golubev O. B.
Published: April 2019

In the transition to digital technologies, the pedagogical community needs a fundamentally different methodological basis of education, it is necessary to radically update the goals, content, forms, methods and means of education, taking into account the flow of information and communication processes in which modern youth grows. The article notes a number of positive and negative aspects of e-learning, present's different opinions of scientists on the use of digital technologies in the educational process. The practice of introduction of e-learning has shown that this system of training raises a number of new problems arising from the insufficient volume of joint creative work of students with a teacher. Electronic network technologies provide great opportunities in the organization of joint activities of teachers and students, individualization of the educational process, the transformation of learning into self-learning and self-education, allow the organization of interactive classes and collective teaching, as well as various forms of control. The basis of one of these technologies is the method of projects. The article describes in detail the features of the use of the method of projects in the educational process. Design technology involves reliance on the principles, norms and rules of design, the totality of which allows you to organize the activities of the student from the idea to its practical implementation. One of the activities in the use of Internet technologies is an educational network project. The article describes the principles of using educational network projects. A distinctive feature of the educational space in the information society – is the requirement of training in cooperation and cooperation. These requirements can be implemented through educational network projects. Applying information technologies in the educational process, special attention should be paid to Web 2.0 services and cloud technologies. Network technologies open up fundamentally new opportunities for accelerated individual development of each student.
La resolución de problemas como estrategia de desarrollo profesional docente: tensiones que se generan en el profesor
Authors: Perdomo-Díaz Josefa , Rojas Cristóbal , Felmer Patricio Luis
Published: April 2019

Los programas de desarrollo profesional docente tienen como objetivo generar cambios en los profesores, en sus conocimientos, sus creencias o sus prácticas. Para que esos cambios se produzcan, la experiencia vivida en el programa de desarrollo profesional debe provocar que el profesor se cuestione aspectos relacionados con su profesión. En este artículo presentamos una estrategia de desarrollo profesional para profesores de matemática de todos los niveles educativos, centrada en el uso de la resolución de problemas, y mostramos un análisis de las tensiones que este tipo de estrategia provoca en los profesores participantes. Para ello se realiza el estudio de un caso, correspondientea un taller denominado RPAula, realizado en Chile, con profesores de educación básica. Los resultados muestran que la participación en este taller provoca tensiones relacionadas con las expectativas que los profesores tienen hacia sus estudiantes, sus creencias acerca de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje y sus modelos de enseñanza de la matemática.

Teacher professional development programs aim to generate changes in teachers, in their knowledge, beliefs or practices. For these changes to occur, the professional development experience should cause the teacher to question aspects related to his/her profession. In this article, we present a problem-solving-based professional development strategy for mathematics teachers and we offer an analysis of the tensions which emerged. To do this, we carried out a case study based on a workshop called RPAula that took place in Chile with elementary teachers. The results show that participation in this workshop causes tensions related to teachers’ expectations about their students, their beliefs about teaching and learning, and their models of mathematics teaching.
Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) and cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants
Authors: Miao Li , Qin Xing , Gao Lihong , Li Qing , Li Shuzhen , He Chaoxing , Li Yansu , Yu Xianchang
Published: April 2019

Background

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a commonly used high-throughput technique to measure mRNA transcript levels. The accuracy of this evaluation of gene expression depends on the use of optimal reference genes. Cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants, made by grafting a cucumber scion onto pumpkin rootstock, are superior to either parent plant, as grafting conveys many advantages. However, although many reliable reference genes have been identified in both cucumber and pumpkin, none have been obtained for cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants.

Methods

In this work, 12 candidate reference genes, including eight traditional genes and four novel genes identified from our transcriptome data, were selected to assess their expression stability. Their expression levels in 25 samples, including three cucumber and three pumpkin samples from different organs, and 19 cucumber–pumpkin grafted samples from different organs, conditions, and varieties, were analyzed by qRT-PCR, and the stability of their expression was assessed by the comparative ΔCt method, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder.

Results

The results showed that the most suitable reference gene varied dependent on the organs, conditions, and varieties. CACS and 40SRPS8 were the most stable reference genes for all samples in our research. TIP41 and CACS showed the most stable expression in different cucumber organs, TIP41 and PP2A were the optimal reference genes in pumpkin organs, and CACS and 40SRPS8 were the most stable genes in all grafted cucumber samples. However, the optimal reference gene varied under different conditions. CACS and 40SRPS8 were the best combination of genes in different organs of cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants, TUA and RPL36Aa were the most stable in the graft union under cold stress, LEA26 and ARF showed the most stable expression in the graft union during the healing process, and TIP41 and PP2A were the most stable across different varieties of cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants. The use of LEA26, ARF and LEA26+ARF as reference genes were further verified by analyzing the expression levels of csaCYCD3;1, csaRUL, cmoRUL, and cmoPIN in the graft union at different time points after grafting.

Discussion

This work is the first report of appropriate reference genes in grafted cucumber plants and provides useful information for the study of gene expression and molecular mechanisms in cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants.
Analysis of Lower Leg Ulcer Pathogens Using 16S rRNA Gene Based Method
Authors: Onwuchekwa Elendu C. , Onu-Osi Oliver , Ekeleme Uzochukwu G. , Diana Okonudo, I.
Published: April 2019

The study was carried out to determine the bacterial pathogens associated with lower leg ulcers in Ebonyi State from July, 2016 to July of 2017, using wound swabs from eligible patients with lower leg ulcers. The swabs were processed and analysed using standard microbiological methods, isolated microbial pathogens were identified by employing standard biochemical test, microbial identification tests and standard molecular methods for DNA extraction. Pressure ulcers 450 (37.2%) was found to be the most commonly infected, closely followed by diabetic foot ulcers 300 (24.8%) and non-healing surgical ulcers 210 (17.4%). Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 12600 (12.0%, 6.7% and 16.7%) was the most predominant in venous, diabetic and non-healing surgical ulcers respectively, while pressure ulcer had Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain M37351 (8.2%). Out of 1500 specimens examined, 1210 (80.7%) showed positive microbial growth, while 290 (19.3%) were not infected. Age group of 31-40 years had the highest prevalence rate of 20.7%, followed by 41-50 years (20.5%) while the least was 0-10 years (0.1%). The males were mostly affected than females. This study has revealed a high index of microbial involvement in lower leg ulcer in Ebonyi State. We recommend a multidisciplinary approach to leg ulcer management and specific intervention strategies, not only to treat but also to reduce and subsequently prevent their spread in rural communities. This results and findings will hopefully help to create awareness on the imperative to improve the quality of the treatment regime employed. Thus, each health institution should carry out a survey to determine the common microbial wound pathogens among their patients.
What Is Genital Herpes?
Authors: Voelker Rebecca
Published: November 2024

This JAMA Patient Page describes genital herpes and its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention measures.
Cervical Cancer Mortality Among US Women Younger Than 25 Years, 1992-2021
Authors: Dorali Poria , Damgacioglu Haluk , Clarke Megan A. , Wentzensen Nicolas , Orr Brian C. , Sonawane Kalyani , Deshmukh Ashish A.
Published: November 2024

This study examines trends in cervical cancer mortality in US women aged younger than 25 years before and after the introduction of human papillomavirus vaccines.
Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality After Negative Colonoscopy Screening Results
Authors: Knudsen Markus Dines , Wang Kai , Wang Liang , Polychronidis Georgios , Berstad Paula , Hjartåker Anette , Fang Zhe , Ogino Shuji , Chan Andrew T. , Song Mingyang
Published: November 2024

Importance

The current recommendation for a 10-year rescreening interval after a negative colonoscopy screening (NCS) result has been questioned, with some studies showing a persistently lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) after NCS results.

Objective

To examine long-term CRC incidence and mortality after NCS results (ie, no presence of CRC or polyps) and according to a risk score based on major demographic and lifestyle risk factors.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cohort study, 3 prospective US population–based cohorts from the Nurses’ Health Study, Nurses’ Health Study II, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study were followed up from 1988 and 1991 to 2020. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from the January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018, cycle were used to compare the risk profile distribution with that of the general US population. Data analysis was performed from October 2023 to August 2024.

Exposures

Time-varying status of NCS results and risk score.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for incidence and mortality of CRC.

Results

A total of 195 453 participants (median [IQR] age, 44 [37-56] years at baseline; 81% female) were followed up for a median (IQR) of 12 (6-20) years. Among 81 151 individuals with NCS results and 114 302 without endoscopy, 394 and 2229 CRC cases and 167 and 637 CRC deaths, respectively, were documented. Negative colonoscopy screening results were consistently associated with lower CRC incidence (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.44-0.58) and mortality (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.46-0.70) for 20 years. Among individuals with NCS results, those with an intermediate risk (scores, 6-7) and low risk (scores, 0-5) did not reach the 10-year cumulative incidence of CRC (0.78%) of the high-risk individuals (scores, 8-12) until 16 and 25 years after initial screening, respectively.

Conclusion and Relevance

These findings provide evidence for shared decision-making between patients and physicians to consider extending the rescreening intervals after an NCS result beyond the currently recommended 10 years, particularly for individuals with a low-risk profile. These results showed, as a proof of concepts, the importance of considering known CRC risk factors when making decisions for colonoscopy rescreening.
Next-Generation Sequencing for HLA Genotype Screening and Matching to HLA-Restricted Therapies
Authors: Gormally Michael V. , Chen Monica F. , Noronha Anne Marie , Panageas Kristalla , Reynolds Maggie , Kohlasch Kaelyn , Novak Bryan , Kee-Velez Tatiana , Clarke Nikeysha , Eubank Michael , Chu Cynthia , Wilhelm Clare , Blouin Amanda , Kyi Chrisann , Friedman Claire , Rudin Charles M. , Kris Mark G. , Shah Ronak , Aggen David , D’Angelo Sandra , Shoushtari Alexander N. , Berger Michael F. , Bandlamudi Chaitanya , Klebanoff Christopher A. , Drilon Alexander , Schoenfeld Adam J. , Donoghue Mark T. A.
Published: November 2024

This case series evaluates whether human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype could be inferred from standard next-generation sequencing, comparing concordance with confirmatory whole-exome sequencing and assessing if this assisted in matching patients to clinical trials.
Polygenic Score for Clinicopathologic Features and Survival Outcomes in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Li Sophie , Zheng Guibin , Xu Li , Goswami Maitrayee , Zafereo Mark E. , Sherman Steven I. , Li Guojun , Sturgis Erich M. , Wang Jennifer R.
Published: November 2024

Importance

Genome-wide association studies have identified germline variants associated with the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) that can be used to construct a polygenic score (PGS). It is important to determine whether patients with higher germline genetic risk, as summarized using PGS, present with more aggressive disease and/or develop worse clinical outcomes.

Objective

To assess whether germline risk defined by PGS is associated with clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes for patients with PTC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study included patients with newly diagnosed PTC who presented to The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center for treatment between 1999 and 2014, with a median follow-up of 12 years. Data were analyzed from December 2023 to April 2024.

Exposure

Germline risk, as defined by PGS.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Genomic DNA was extracted from buffy coat cells isolated from peripheral blood samples, and genotyping for germline polymorphisms was performed. Germline risk for PTC was estimated with a previously validated PGS calculated from 10 single-nucleotide variations identified through genome-wide association studies. Stage; PTC-specific survival, defined as the time from PTC diagnosis to death caused by PTC; and overall survival, defined as the time from PTC diagnosis to death by any cause, were analyzed.

Results

A total of 366 patients were included in the study (261 women [71.3%]; mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 44.3 [13.8] years). There was a statistically significant association between higher PGS and multifocality (β [SE], 0.40 [0.23]; P = .045) and cervical lymph node involvement (N stage) (β [SE], 0.62 [0.35]; P = .009) at diagnosis. PGS was associated with PTC-specific survival (hazard ratio, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.03-6.85; P = .04), but this association was not independent of age and overall stage. There was not a statistically significant association between PGS and overall survival.

Conclusions and Relevance

Findings of this cohort study suggest that patients with a higher germline risk of PTC, as estimated by PGS, present with more aggressive clinicopathologic features. These results contribute to the current understanding of inherited risk in PTC and how germline variants could potentially contribute to disease presentation and clinical outcomes.
Characteristics of Adults Treated at Mental Health Treatment Centers in the US, 2022
Authors: Busch Susan H. , Hockenberry Jason , Newton Helen
Published: November 2024

This cross-sectional study examines demographic characteristics of adults treated at outpatient mental health treatment centers using data from the 2022 US National Survey of Drug Use and Health.
Axial Spondyloarthritis in Black Americans: An Observational Study From Five Centers in Shelby County, Tennessee
Authors: Kommineni Krishna , Abutineh Iman , Chapman Cathy , Pattanaik Debendra , Bittar Mohamad
Published: November 2024

Objective

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is an immune‐mediated disease that predominantly affects the axial skeleton. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency and clinical characteristics of axSpA in Black Americans in Shelby County. We also aimed to report diagnostic delays, disease severity, and health disparities in this population.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study in which electronic records of patients with axSpA were reviewed across five centers in Shelby County. Patients were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and imaging were collected. The frequency was reported. Two‐group comparisons were done using the chi‐square test and two‐sample t‐test. Multivariable logistic and linear regression methods were used to compare sacroiliitis grades and delay in diagnosis, respectively, after adjusting for confounders.

Results

Black Americans constituted 32% (n = 78) of the 244 patients with axSpA identified. Black Americans had significantly more hip involvement, more elevations in C‐reactive protein, less HLA–B27 positivity, and less family history positivity when compared with White patients. After adjusting for age, sex, and HLA–B27, Black Americans had twice as higher odds of having advanced grades of sacroiliitis on x‐rays compared to White Americans (odds ratio 2.32 [95% confidence interval 1.23–4.44]). AxSpA was associated with significant diagnostic delays in both races.

Conclusion

A significant proportion of patients with axSpA in Shelby County were Black Americans. The study identified that Black Americans have more odds of having advanced sacroiliitis on x‐rays, more hip involvement, and higher markers of inflammation. It also showed that, regardless of race or ethnicity, there is a significant diagnostic delay.
Mechanism of Action of Tongjiang Mixture for Treating Reflux Esophagitis: A Study Using Serum Pharmacochemistry and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Lu Yang , Yuzhen Huang , Yi Gu , Lili Wu , Yan Wang , Weiwei Tao , Wanli Liu
Published: November 2024

Tongjiang Mixture (TJM) is a traditional Chinese formula for treating reflux esophagitis (RE). Nevertheless, its active ingredients and potential pharmacological mechanisms are not yet clearly elucidated. This study will identify the active ingredients of TJM using serum pharmacochemistry and to elucidate the mechanism on RE through network pharmacology. The blood‐borne ingredients of TJM are identified by the Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time of flight‐mass spectrometer. Subsequently, a “compound‐target‐disease” network is established and obtained core targets associated with TJM and RE. Then, the potential signaling pathways are forecasted through the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, the rat model of RE is established to verify the results predicted by network pharmacology through animal experiments. Fifteen blood‐borne ingredients of TJM are identified, with eight active ingredients‐namely Tangeretin, Tricin, Palmati, Berberine, Limonin, Evodiamine, Tetrahydropalmatine and Rutecarpine – making significant contributions to its efficacy. Moreover, TJM is predicted to act on 193 targets related to RE, involving AKT1, HSP90AA1, PIK3CA, and other targets, which enriches mainly in PI3K/AKT /NF‐κB signaling. Additionally, TJM can alleviate inflammation of the esophageal mucosa, reduce pathological damage, and increase gastric pH. It can downregulate PI3K, AKT, and NF‐κB mRNA transcription levels and reduce the protein expression of PI3K, AKT, and NF‐κB. Furthermore, it can inhibit the overproduction of IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐17. TJM can alleviate immune‐inflammatory responses and ameliorate RE by restraining the PI3K/AKT pathway and its downstream NF‐κB.
Recent Progress in Biomedical Scaffold Fabricated via Electrospinning: Design, Fabrication and Tissue Engineering Application
Authors: Cheng Feng , Song Danyang , Li Hongbin , Ravi Sai Kishore , Tan Swee Ching
Published: November 2024

Electrospinning is a significant manufacturing strategy to create micro/nanofiber platforms that can be considered a biomedical scaffold for tissue engineering repair and regeneration. In recent years researchers have continuously broadened the equipment design and materials development of electrospinning nanofiber platforms (ENPs), which have evolved from single‐needle to multi‐needle for creating 3D ENPs, to diversify their application including the drugs/cell/growth factors release, anti‐bacterial and anti‐inflammatory, hemostasis, wound healing, and tissue repair and regeneration. Herein, multifunctional ENPs scaffold with bioactive polymer fabricated via electrospinning in terms of novel material design, construction of various structures, and various requirements in different tissue engineering regeneration are reviewed. Furthermore, this review delves into recent advancements in tissue repair facilitated by ENPs, highlighting their effectiveness and versatility across various tissue types such as bone, cartilage, tendons, cardiac tissue, and nerves. The discussion comprehensively addresses ongoing challenges in material selection, biodegradation mechanisms, bioactivation strategies, and manufacturing techniques specific to tissue repair applications. Moreover, the review outlines potential future research avenues aimed at enhancing ENPs‐based approaches in tissue engineering. This in‐depth analysis aims to provide nuanced insights and technical recommendations to propel the field of ENPs forward in tissue repair and regeneration.
Biomimetic Nanomotors for Deep Ischemia Penetration and Ferroptosis Inhibition in Neuroprotective Therapy of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Rui , Nie Weimin , Yan Xin , Luo Kuankuan , Zhang Qi , Wang Tao , Lu Enhao , Chen Yiting , Luo Yu , Zhang Zhiwen , Wang He , Zhao Jing , Sha Xianyi
Published: November 2024

Nerve injury represents the primary reason of mortality and disability in ischemic stroke, but effective drug delivery to the region of cerebral ischemia and hypoxia poses a significant challenge in neuroprotective treatment. To address these clinical challenges, a biomimetic nanomotor, Pt@LF is designed, to facilitate deep delivery of neuroprotective agents and inhibit ferroptosis in ischemic stroke. Pt@LF traverses the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and penetrates into deep cerebral ischemic‐hypoxic areas due to the active targeting capacity of apo‐lactoferrin (Apo‐LF) and the self‐propelling motion properties of nanomotors. Subsequently, Pt@LF loosens thrombus and alleviates the “no reflow” phenomenon via mechanical thrombolysis. Thanks to the various enzyme‐like abilities and multi‐target ferroptosis inhibition capability, Pt@LF ameliorates the inflammatory microenvironment and rescues dying neurons. In conclusion, Pt@LF demonstrates efficiently deep penetration and neuroprotective effects in vitro and vivo. And this study provides a promising therapeutic platform for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Polymer‐Formulated Nerve Growth Factor Shows Effective Therapeutic Efficacy for Cerebral Microinfarcts
Authors: Yan Lingli , Xu Kunyao , Liu Chaoyong , Yu Feng , Guo Jimin , Hou Lihua , Feng Yicheng , Yang Mo , Gong Qihai , Qin Dajiang , Qin Meng , Wang Yilong , Su Huanxing , Lu Yunfeng
Published: November 2024

Cerebral microinfarcts represent the most prevalent form of ischemic brain injury in the elderly, particularly among those suffering from dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular risk factors. Despite their commonality, effective treatments have remained elusive. Herein, a novel treatment utilizing a polymer‐formulated nerve growth factor capable of crossing the blood‐brain barrier is reported, which effectively reduced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis, reshaped microglia polarization at infarct sites, and decreased the overall microinfarct burden, leading to notable improvements in behavioral and cognitive functions in a mouse model. This work provides a promising new avenue for the treatment of cerebral microinfarcts and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Enhanced Bulk Photovoltaic Effect of Single‐Domain Freestanding BiFeO3 Membranes
Authors: Lin Jianjun , Wang Hongru , Zheng Yufan , Kan Yucheng , Chen Rui , Long Mingyue , Chen Ye , Zhou Zhiyong , Qi Ruijuan , Yue Fangyu , Duan Chun‐Gang , Chu Junhao , Sun Lin
Published: November 2024

The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE), which uniquely exists in non‐centrosymmetric materials, has been received extensive attention recently due to its potential to overcome the theoretical Shockley‐Queisser limit in traditional p–n junction solar cells. Here, freestanding single‐domain BiFeO3 membranes are exfoliated from miscut SrTiO3 substrates by dissolving Sr3Al2O6 sacrificial layers, and transferred on SiO2/Si substrates. This study finds that the freestanding BiFeO3 membranes maintain the single‐domain structure and exhibits the significantly enhanced bulk photovoltaic response (≈200% enhancement), compared to the strained BiFeO3 films. The comprehensive atomic imaging analyses manifest that the freestanding BiFeO3 membrane demonstrates the bigger noncentral ion (Fe) displacement, which results in the larger in‐plane ferroelectric polarization and substantial increase in the BPVE photocurrent. This work not only provides an effective approach to enhance the BPVE of ferroelectric oxide films, but also can potentially promote the exploration of BPVE of oxide membranes integrated with silicon‐based or 2D electronics.
Highly Mixed Index Facet Engineering Induces Defect Formation and Converts the Wave‐Transmissive Mott Insulator NiO into Electromagnetic Wave Absorbent
Authors: Hui Shengchong , Chen Qiang , Tao Kai , Zhang Limin , Fan Xiaomeng , Che Renchao , Wu Hongjing
Published: November 2024

Mott insulator possesses the property of converting into semiconductor under supernormal conditions and achieving the Mott insulator‐semiconductor transition (IST) holds great scientific value. Nevertheless, current IST methodologies possess certain limitations because they are not capable of being implemented under conventional conditions, thereby limiting their practical applications. Herein, a highly mixed index facets (HMIF) strategy is proposed to construct homogeneous interfaces with gradient work function (WF) in Mott insulator NiO, accompanied by numerous oxygen vacancies. These vacancies provide additional defect energy levels and inhomogeneous charge distributions, resulting in a 180 fold enhancement of conductivity, realizing the IST process, and inducing the defect polarization. In addition, HMIF configuration induces electron transport along the index facets with gradient WF, ultimately leading to accumulation on the specific facet. This accumulation allows this facet can be considered as a dipole with its adjacent facets and makes NiO to attenuate electromagnetic waves (EMW) through dipole polarization. Therefore, NiO with exposed HMIF possesses improved EMW absorption properties (80‐fold higher than that of commercial NiO), realizing the transition from EMW‐transmissive to EMW‐absorbing materials. This research presents an approach for the IST process, discovers the polarization behavior that occurred on specific index facet, and extends its potential application in EMW absorption.
Preparation of an Organosilicon‐Modified Micro‐Nano Symbiotic Superhydrophobic Surface by a One‐Step Spray Method
Authors: Wang Wei , Sun Caixia , Zhang Hongxia , Fang Ranran , Guo Lijuan , Wang Gang
Published: November 2024

Superhydrophobic surfaces' long‐term applications and environmentally friendly manufacturing processes are long popular but challenging research topics. In this work, three functionalized silane coupling agents (SCAs) are developed that possess both surface activity and coupling properties and are perfectly tailored to the manufacturing conditions of superhydrophobic surfaces. The SCAs containing polyether groups are produced on the basis of hydrosilylation without the use of fluorosilane. They are also employed for the in situ synthesis of low surface energy nano‐SiO2 solutions, which are then sprayed onto the surfaces of various substrates to create stable and wear‐resistant protective layers. This demonstrates the Cassie–Baxter wetting model. The polyether groups' chain length, morphology, and degree of polymerization allow for the free adjustment of the layers' superhydrophobicity. Methyl blue, ink, and glycerinum have contact angles (CAs) of 153.01°, 152.09°, and 150.02°, and the sliding angles (SAs) are 2°, 2°, and 4°, respectively. Furthermore, in tests of durability and corrosion resistance, the CAs typically stay above 150°, demonstrating superior superhydrophobicity capabilities. The large‐scale replication of the fluorine‐free production process of the superhydrophobic layers discussed in this work is crucial for the expansion of practical applications.
High‐Performance Flexible and Printed Graphene‐Field Effect Biosensor for Ferritin Detection
Authors: Tripathy Kamalesh , Bhattacharjee Mitradip
Published: November 2024

A flexible and printed field‐effect biosensor with a graphene channel (Gr‐FET biosensor) is designed and characterized to detect ferritin. The biosensor offers an onboard Ag/AgCl gate to give stable transfer characteristics with a significantly low gate leakage current of 0.06% of the minimum drain current. Further, the proposed Gr‐FET shows 1.5–3 times higher transconductance (gm) with a value of gm,hole up to 400 µS and gm,electron up to 250 µS, compared to the reported printed electrolyte‐gated Gr‐FET on flexible substrates. The Gr‐FET operation is also optimized to have a minimal hysteresis effect for reliable sensing operation. The Gr‐FET shows fairly linear characteristics at a low ferritin concentration (0.05–0.5 µg L−1) with sensitivity as high as ≈230 mV/(µg L−1) and a very low limit of detection (LOD) ≈27 ng L−1. Given the cost‐effective fabrication process and scalability, the proposed printed Gr‐FET biosensor can be deployed on a large scale for early diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia.
Machine Learning Guided Discovery of Non‐Linear Optical Materials
Authors: Mondal Sownyak , Hammad Raheel
Published: November 2024

Nonlinear optical(NLO) materials are crucial in achieving desired frequencies in solid‐state lasers. So far, new NLO materials have been discovered using high‐throughput calculations or chemical intuition. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of utilizing a high refractive index as a proxy for a high second harmonic generation(SHG) coefficient. It also emphasizes the importance of hardness in screening balanced NLO materials. Two machine learning models are developed to predict refractive indices and Vickers hardness. By applying these models to the OQMD database, potential NLO candidates are identified based on non‐centrosymmetricity, refractive index, hardness value, and bandgap properties. These findings are validated using density functional theory(DFT) calculations. Notably, this approach successfully identifies several already established NLO materials, reinforcing the validity of the methodology.
Thermally Stable Ag2Se Nanowire Network as an Effective In‐Materio Physical Reservoir Computing Device
Authors: Kotooka Takumi , Lilak Sam , Stieg Adam Z. , Gimzewski James K. , Sugiyama Naoyuki , Tanaka Yuichiro , Kawabata Takuya , Karacali Ahmet , Tamukoh Hakaru , Usami Yuki , Tanaka Hirofumi
Published: November 2024

The artificial intelligence (AI) paradigm shifts from software to implementing general‐purpose or application‐specific hardware systems with lower power requirements. This study explored a material physical reservoir consisting of a material random network, called in‐materio physical reservoir computing (RC) to achieve efficient hardware systems. The device, made up of a random, highly interconnected network of nonlinear Ag2Se nanojunctions as reservoir nodes, demonstrated the requisite characteristics of an in‐materio physical reservoir, including but not limited to nonlinear switching, memory, and higher harmonic generation. The power consumption of the in‐materio physical reservoir is 0.07 nW per nanojunctions, confirming its highly efficient information processing system. As a hardware reservoir, the devices successfully performed waveform generation tasks. Finally, a voice classification by an in‐materio physical reservoir is achieved over 80%, comparable to an RC software simulation. In‐materio physical RC with rich nonlinear dynamics has huge potential for next‐generation hardware‐based AI.
Optimizing MoS2 Electrolyte‐Gated Transistors: Stability, Performance, and Sensitivity Enhancements
Authors: Rühl Steffen , Ligorio Giovanni , Heyl Max , List‐Kratochvil Emil J. W.
Published: November 2024

Electrolyte‐gated field‐effect transistors (EGFETs) based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising for biosensing applications due to their high transconductance (1.98 mS) and surface sensitivity enabling the detection of minute interfacial changes. However, their stability in aqueous poses significant challenges for long‐term reliability. This work presents a study to anhance both the stability and performance of TMDC‐based EGFETs. Initial devices showed promising performance but suffered significant instability during prolonged aqueos operation, limiting their biosensing applications. Postmortem analysis identified key areas for improvement leadinf to three major modifications: 1) a double‐junction Ag/AgCl electrode to prevent ion leakage, 2) a protective resist layer to shields the monolayer, and 3) precise etching to confine the semiconductor material, reducing parasitic currents. These optimizations imroved the devices' transconductance and ensured stable operation over extended periods establishing TMDC‐based EGFETs as viable candidates for reliable biosensing in aqueous environments.
Advanced pH Indicators Consisting of BODIPY and Coumarin Fluorophores with a Guanidinyl Structure Capable of Methanol Recognition
Authors: Umeno Tomohiro , Tanaka Mio , Fujihara Moeka , Iizuka Naoko , Matsumoto Shota , Usui Kazuteru , Karasawa Satoru
Published: November 2024

Guanidine is strongly basic and has a high molecular recognition ability. We previously developed a guanidine‐bearing benzoquinoline for the fluorescence detection of MeOH by exploiting the strong basicity of guanidine. The benzoquinoline fluorophore quantitatively detected MeOH in EtOH with moderate sensitivity and a limit of detection (LOD) of 16.5 %. In this study, we developed two guanidinyl boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) and two guanidinyl coumarin fluorophores. These fluorophores have higher molar extinction coefficients (ϵ) than those of benzoquinolines, which suggests that they could have improved detection sensitivity. The BODIPY fluorophores exhibited acid‐responsive turn‐on fluorescence for MeOH, similar to the benzoquinoline fluorophore. Their high ϵ values led to an enhanced MeOH detection sensitivity of 1.3 % in EtOH. The coumarin derivatives exhibited acid‐responsive turn‐off fluorescence. In addition, the absorbance spectral shift of the protonated and neutral forms of coumarin enabled the ratiometric detection of MeOH (LOD=0.85 % and 0.57 %, respectively). This study demonstrates the utility of guanidine‐based fluorophores in molecular recognition and promotes the development of similar fluorophores in analytical chemistry.
Establishment of immortalized rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and a preliminary study of their osteogenic differentiation capability
Authors: Zhang Yao , Xu Chang , Huang Yun , Tan Dongmei , Luo Wenping , Zhang Yan , Tan Yi
Published: November 2024

Background

A stable and standardized source of mesenchymal stem cells is a prerequisite for bone repair tissue engineering research and application. We aimed to establish a stable cell line of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from New Zealand rabbits and explore their osteogenic differentiation capacity.

Methods

Primary rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (RBMSCs) were isolated and immortalized via retroviral expression of SV40 Large T antigen (LTA). To assess the osteogenic differentiation capacity of the cells in vitro, we studied the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression level and calcium deposition in bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9)‐induced immortalized cells using ALP staining and quantification, as well as alizarin red staining. Ectopic bone formation by the cells was assessed using micro‐computed tomography (μCT) and histological examination.

Results

The immortalized cell line we established using SV40 LTA, which we termed iRBMSCs, was non‐tumorigenic and maintained long‐term proliferative activity. We further discovered that BMP9 (MOI = 30) effectively induced the osteogenic differentiation capacity of iRBMSCs in vitro, and there was a synergy with GelMA hydrogel in inducing osteogenic differentiation of the iRBMSCs in vivo.

Conclusion

We confirmed that iRBMSCs are promising as a stable cell line source for bone defect repair engineering.