bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of patient knowledge, practice and adverse events of insulin administration and storage techniques in patients with diabetes
Authors: Tom Antriya Annie , Antony Namitha , Ashok Pavithra , PS Muhammad Abdul Khadir , Jojo Juhy
Published: December 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a group of  metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia. For effective therapy, correct injection procedures, adequate storage, insulin dose adjustment, meal timing, site rotation, and compliance. The aim of this work is to assess the knowledge and practice of insulin administration and storage techniques in diabetes patients. It is a survey based cross sectional study conducted through  both online and offline modes among diabetic patients consuming insulin in  Ernakulam district. 213 cases were included and it consist of diabetic patients on insulin therapy. About 54.4% of patients were males and 45.6% patients were females. Majority 57.3% experienced hypoglycaemia and 17.3% never experienced it. 51.6% patients were educated by nurse, 25.6% by doctors and only 17.6% were educated by pharmacist. The study presented an insight into the practices of insulin administration and awareness to the diabetic patients, study also extended to other health care professionals in the society.
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of a herbal mixture
Authors: Jose Deepa , Baby Sini , Subash Sujjala , Lawrence Gifty , Anoob Aneesa , Jose Linta
Published: December 2023

Due to adverse effects of using allopathic medicines, the use and search for pharmaceuticals made from plants has increased recently. A mixture of herbal extracts known as “Chukku Kashaya” is widely used as home remedy in Kerala for respiratory disorders. Additionally, it relieves cold and fever symptoms. The present investigation focused on evaluating the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts obtained by soxhlet extraction of leaves of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Plectranthus amboinicus and fruits of Piper nigrum and rhizome of Zingiber officinalae and their combination in equal ratios and their activity was determined using agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive), Klebsiella pneumoniae (gram negative), and Pseudomonas aeruginosae (gram negative). Streptomycin was used as positive control. Zingiber officinalae showed maximum zone of inhibition against all the bacteria and herbal mixture showed moderate zone of inhibition. The mixture was more active than Ocimum tenuiflorum , Piper nigrum and Plectranthus amboinicus. Staphylococcus aureus was shown to be the most sensitive to all the extracts and herbal mixtures, whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the least activity. Though Z.officinalae has higher antimicrobial activity, there is limited literature support to prove its activity against fever, cold and other symptoms of respiratory tract infections. Z.officinalae is mainly used for GI related disorders. This herbal blend is more efficient because it includes of O.tenuiflorum : having antipyretic, analgesic and voice improving activity ; P.amboinicus: providing relief from cough, asthma, bronchitis and other symptoms of respiratory tract infections; P. nigrum which can improve appetite and digestion .
Efficient microwave synthesis of coumarin derivatives with evaluation of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
Authors: P A Anziya , T S SARANYA , K ANJALI , Krishna Anjali , Baby Sini , Daniel Divine P
Published: December 2023

Microwave radiation, an electromagnetic radiation, is used as a source of heating in organic synthesis. Coumarin, a benzopyrone derivative, shows various pharmacological activities such as anticoagulant, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory. The prime objective was to compare the synthesis of some coumarin derivatives by microwave assisted methods. Two different coumarin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity and anti-oxidant activity. 3-Acetylcoumarin (3-acetyl-2H-Chromen-2- one) was synthesized by reaction with salicylaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate in presence of piperidine and the 3-acetyl-6-bromocoumarin (3-acetyl-6-bromo-2H-chromen-2-one) was synthesized by using 5-bromo-salicyladehyde. The synthesized compounds were characterized by MP, TLC, IR and NMR. The antioxidant activity of the compounds was done by reducing power by ferric chloride, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide scavenging method. The anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was done by protein denaturation using BSA method. Out of the two compounds synthesized, bromine-substituted acetyl coumarin showed more anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity when compared to standard.
A retrospective study of clinical profile of viper bite cases in selected hospitals in central kerala
Authors: Saju Anumol , Tom Antriya Annie , Paul Aby , Saju Swapna , Johnson Dona , Thomas Jesyln Joe , Steffi Kuttikkaden Joy , Joll Joyal M
Published: December 2023

Viper bite is a commonly occurring  occupational health hazard to people involved mainly in agricultural sector in tropical and sub-tropical areas.    The aim of the study was to assess the clinical pattern of poisonous snakebites from four selected hospitals in central Kerala. Study site: Carithas Hospital (Kottayam), Little Flower Hospital and Research Centre (Angamaly), Paalana Institute of Medical Sciences (Palakkad) and Charis Medical Mission (Muvattupuzha). Percentage of cases collected from Carithas hospital, Little Flower hospital, Paalana hospital and Charis hospital were 51. The various clinical profile was assessed such as Hb level , symptoms, total leukocyte count, platelet count prothrombin time etc. Conclusion: Practice of locally developed treatment protocol for optimised treatment of viper bite is required.
Formulation and evaluation of herbal toothpaste containing eupatorium triplinervisleaf extract
Authors: Peter Vidya , Babu Rosna , Sebastian Sherry , Jaimon Angel , Jaimon Angel , T Anagha V , Sajeev Jeevan
Published: December 2023

Eupatorium triplinervis (Asteraceae),popularly known as Ayapana , is widely used in folk medicine, due to its antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, antianorexic, antiparasitic, anthelmintic and sedative properties. The present study was focused on evaluating the anti-bacterial action of the formulated herbal toothpaste containing Eupatorium triplinervis leaf extract and determining the best formula for preparing the toothpaste. The extraction was conducted by the soxhlet apparatus using methanol as solvent and was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was performed and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the extract were reported against three organisms- Staphylococcus aureus ( gram positive), E. coli ( gram negative) and oral flora by agar dilution assay. Also, the antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method was determined for the prepared toothpaste against all the above three bacteria. The phytochemical screening shows the presence of coumarins in the methanolic extract which were responsible for the antibacterial activity of the extract. The formulations shows considerable zoneof inhibition when compared with a marketed toothpaste formulation (Dant kanti). Thus, this toothpaste preparation has antibacterial properties and so can be used for gingivitis and other bacterial disorders of the oral cavity.
In vitro screening of icacinaceous plants indigenous to kerala
Authors: Abraham P Elizabeth , Francis Frinto , Nair Pradeep R , Raj Athul , Rajan Raji , Nair Anamika K , R Badmanaban
Published: December 2023

This project work was focused on “in vitro screening of Icacinaceous plants indigenous to Kerala”. From phytochemical analysis of ethyl acetate extract of leaves of Sarcostigma kleinii it was found that carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids,tannins, phenols, glycosides are present and saponins,proteins & amino acids are absent. From phytochemical analysis of ethyl acetate extract of leaves of Pyrenacantha volubilis it was found that carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids, flavonoids,alkaloids, glycosides, tannins and phenolic compounds are present. Sarcostigma kleinii leaves are used to treat helminthiasis, ulcers, leprosy and skin conditions traditionally. Pyrenacantha volubilisleaves are mainly used to treat cancer. The present study deals with the anti-inflammatory activity and antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extracts of leaves of Sarcostigma kleinii and Pyrenacantha volubilis of Icacinaceae family. The results suggest that ethyl acetate extract of leaves of these two Icacinaceous plants may serve as a anti - inflammatory and antibacterial agents which may be due to the chemical constituents like alkaloids, phenols, tannins or flavonoids present in these plants.
Formulation and evaluation of buccal film of an antihypertensive drug
Authors: Benedict Ashinaa , Paul Irin Rose , Mathews Manju Maria , R Badmanaban
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study was to formulate and evaluate Losartan potassium buccal films, an angiotensin receptor blocker and is used to treat hypertension. Losartan potassium is having less bioavailability (33%), so the buccal films are expected to increase the bioavailability by avoiding hepatic metabolism. Ten formulations of buccal films were prepared by solvent casting method using HPMC K15 M as the main film-forming polymer in various proportions with various co-polymers such as Eudragit RL. 100, Carbopol 940, Ethyl cellulose. Physicochemical characteristics,in vitro buccal permeation, in vitro release study and residence time were evaluated. In vitro studies revealed that the release rate of Losartan potassium was higher for films containing HPMC K15 M and Eudragit RL100 in 3:1 ratio. The result of stability study indicated that no significant changes have occurredduring the period of study.
A prospective survey to ascertain the symptoms, health issues and subsequent otc mediction usage during menstruation among college students
Authors: George Mintu , Melbin Anagha , Dominic Mary Paul , Dominic Reshma , S Aysha Saja P , Vilapurathu Jobin Kunjumon
Published: December 2023

Up to 14 days before your period begins, you might see bulging, Migraines, temperament swings, or other physical and enthusiastic changes. These Month to month side effects are known as premenstrual disorder, or PMS. Around 85% of ladies experience some level of PMS. A couple have more serious. Manifestations that disturb work or individual connections, known as premenstrual Dysphoric problem (PMDD). The etiology of these disorders remains uncertain, Research suggests that altered regulation of neurohormones and neurotransmitters is involved.  Study Site: college students studying in Nirmala College of pharmacy Muvattupuzha. Design: The study will be done as an online survey using Google form. The Developed questionnaire consists of knowledge of premenstrual syndrome, Quality of Life, Medication. Conclusion: Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder are Complex but highly treatable disorder and can improved by providing patient education on Premenstrual symptoms and counseling women on lifestyle interventions.
Formulation and evaluation of floating controlled drug delivery of anti-ulcer drug loaded microballoons
Authors: C Bindumol K , Mathew Flowerlet , Sunil Shalom , Jose Angel
Published: December 2023

An attempt has been made to develop floating drug delivery system for improving the drug bioavailability by prolongation of gastric residence time of Famotidine in the stomach. The floating microballoons were prepared using polymer Eudragit RS100, HPMC K100M and Ethyl Cellulose. Famotidine was used as the model drug. Nine formulations (F1 to F9) were prepared by varying the ratio of polymers. The prepared Famotidine loaded micro balloons were characterized for percentage yield, particle size analysis, surface morphology, micromeritic properties, drug entrapment efficiency, buoyancy studies and in-vitro drug release. The formulated micro balloons were free flowing. The micro balloons with Eudragit RS100 showed higher buoyancy when compared with HPMC K100M and Ethyl Cellulose. On the basis of micromeritic properties, particle size, percentage yield, morphology, buoyancy study, drug entrapment, optimum in-vitro drug release and satisfactory release kinetics, formulation F2 was selected as an optimum formulation
Guillain-barre syndrome: a paediatric case scenario in a tertiary care hospital at southern India
Authors: Joseph Nevin , Baby Alfin , George Eldhose Elias , S Gopikrishnan T , Joseph Merrin
Published: December 2023

Background: During hospital ward rounds which was conducted as a part of Doctor of Pharmacy curriculum at Caritas Hospital, Thellakom, the first author got a chance to deal with a case of GBS.
Case:12 year old female patient admitted with complaints of weakness on both legs; later diagnosed by the neurologist with demyelinating poly neuropathy and Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Aim: The aim of this particular study was to study more about Guillain-Barre Syndrome which is an auto immune disorder involving peripheral nervous system which usually occurring very rarely, affects 1.55 people per 100,000 in the world’s population, and is characterised by flaccid paralysis of limbs. It typically happens as a result of an earlier illness or other triggering events that excite the immune system of the body and result in the development of various antibodies. Materials and Methods: Analyse various case reports published in various scientific databases like PubMed, Medline, CrossRef etc.
Results: This particular case was treated as follows: The treatment involves intravenous infusion of IVIg at a dose which varies according to the weight and severity of condition in each individual. Supplementation with Methyl cobalamin, Alpha lipoic acid, Levo-carnitine, and Vitamin E can improve the neural health and hasten the healing of nerve injuries.
Conclusion: Data till now tells us that out of all GBS diagnosed population, 80% have recovered completely, 15% of patients have shown some neurological disabilities, and 5% have succumb to death. Here, the therapy was successful and the patient got discharged from hospital.
Preparation and evaluation of floating drug delivery system (fdds) containing an antiviral drug
Authors: Mohan Teena , Sunny Mariya , Mathews Manju Maria , R Badmanaban
Published: December 2023

Acyclovir, an antiviral drug has low oral bioavailability of about 15-30%. It shows more absorption in the upper gastro intestinal tract. The main objective is to evaluate the potential of floating alginate beads as a drug carrier for acyclovir to prolong gastric residence time of drug in its absorption window. Floating beads were prepared from sodium alginate solution containing CaCO3 as gas-forming agent using Ionotropic gelation method. To overcome the limitation of drug leaching during preparation and to have improved sustained release characteristics, alginate beads were prepared with the addition of polymers like Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4M), Eudragit RL 100 and Xanthan gum. Beads were also prepared by using Pectin (polyelectrolyte) containing cross linking solution. The compatibility of drug with the polymer was confirmed through the FT-IR studies. The prepared beads were evaluated for percentage drug loading, entrapment efficiency, surface morphology and in vitro release characteristics to know the effect of addition of these polymers to alginate solution and the addition of Pectin to cross linking solution. Pectin treated beads prepared with Xanthan gum & Pectin not only showed improved percentage drug loading but also exhibited sustained drug release in the pH 1.2. So these floating alginate beads may act as a promising carrier for acyclovir to improve its oral bioavailability.
Formulation and evaluation of topical gels incorporated with solid dispersions of an antiinflammatory drug
Authors: Lekshmi Sethu , Jose Therase , Mathews Manju Maria , R Badmanaban
Published: December 2023

Formulation and development of a most effective product from poorly soluble drugs is one of the most challenging tasks in pharmaceutical industries. Solid dispersion is an efficient solubility enhancement method to overcome the solubility problem. The aim of this study was to formulate topical gels incorporated with solid dispersion of Aceclofenac to enhance permeability through the skin. Aceclofenac solid dispersions were prepared using suitable hydrophilic carriers to increase its aqueous solubility. In this study, solid dispersions of Aceclofenac were prepared by solvent evaporation and co-grinding method with two different hydrophilic carriers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVPk-30), and HPMC E15 LV. These were used in the ratio of (drug: carrier) 1: 1, 1:2 & 1:3 respectively. Evaluation parameters for formulation optimization were drug content, percentage practical yield, DSC, , in-vitro dissolution studies & FTIR. The optimized SD (F3) solid dispersion is incorporated in topical gels of different concentrations prepared by using two gelling agents such as Carbopol 934 and HPMC K100M. From the results of in-vitro dissolution studies it was found that formulation F3 containing PVP k30 (1 : 3 ratio of drug: PVP k30) shows a higher dissolution rate compared with other formulations and pure drug. Optimized solid dispersion was incorporated into topical gels prepared by using two gelling agents in different concentrations. From the stability data obtained, no significant changes in physical appearance, viscosity, pH, and drug contents were seen. The present research work could be concluded as a successful production of topical gels incorporated with Aceclofenac solid dispersion. Improvement in aqueous solubility and thereby greater skin permeation is expected
In vitro anti-bacterial screening of drynariya quercifolia
Authors: T Ashna , Joy Lins Mary , Antony Siyara , J Sindu T , P Sheeba Mol , S Shiji T , George Soumya K
Published: December 2023

Purpose: To make scientific validation with antibacterial activity of ethnomedical fern Drynaria quercifolia
Method and results: The various rhizome extracts were prepared with different solvents   like benzene, Ethyl acetate, chloroform, Ethanol, water and their percentage yield were identified as 7,3,2.3,3.1&6.4 respectively and analytical parameters and histological studies undergone with this fern. Various preliminary phytoconstituent screening was carried out and the ethyl acetate extract showed the maximum presence of active constituents. Bacterial activity was screened with (gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria) and the zone of inhibition was measured. Compared with standard Ampicillin (250µgm) and ethyl acetate was more active and most effective against Bacillus subtilis.
Conclusion: In the antibacterial study ethyl acetate extract shows good antibacterial activity even in microgram quantities. It is found to be very effective against Bacillus subtilis. From the studies we have concluded that Drynaria quercifolia can be effectively used as an anti-bacterial agent.
A Comparative Analyses for NRZ and RZ to the Best Performance in Optisystem Program to Cary Data Over Fiber Optics
Authors: Hasan Hasan J. Hasan
Published: December 2023

Data transmission has become an important issue in today's telecommunications world. In order to get the best results in sending and receiving data via optical cable, there are various ways to improve the performance of such systems. In this paper, the simulation program (optsystem)was used to design a communication system for data transmission over a fiber optic to compare the performances of the Return to the Zero (RZ) as well as Non Return to the  Zero (NRZ) for different distances. The data was sent over distances ranging from 5 km to 50 km, with an increase of 5 km for each measurement. And recording the values of both Q. factor and (BER), as well as recording eye diagram figures for each case in order to compare to get the best performance for each distance used.
VALIDASI KUESIONER EFEK SAMPING PENGGUNAAN IFOSFAMID PADA PASIEN KANKER DI RSUP Dr KARIADI SEMARANG
Authors: Armina Hikmawati  , Woro Supadmi  , Ginanjar Zukhruf Saputri
Published: December 2023

Ifosfamid adalah obat kemoterapi anti kanker. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan efek samping ifosfamid adalah alopecia, mual muntah, diare, depresi sumsum tulang terutama leukositosis, sitisis hemoragik, neurotoksisitas dan nefrotoksisitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui validasi kuesioner, regimen kemoterapi ifosfamid dan efek samping akibat penggunaan ifosfamid pada pasien kanker di RSUP Dokter Kariadi Semarang periode Desember 2021- Januari 2022. Penelitian ini adalah studi observasional dengan pendekatan kohort prospektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan < 12 jam setelah responden mendapatkan regimen kemoterapi ifosfamid. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner, wawancara dan data rekam medik. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 20 responden. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2021 sampai dengan Januari 2022 di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa validasi kuesioner efek samping penggunaan ifosfamid pada 8 item pertanyaan dinyatakan valid dan uji reabilitas sebesar 0,619. Terdapat 5 Regimen kemoterapi ifosfamid yang digunakan kepada pasien kanker di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Efek samping akibat penggunaan ifosfamid yang dirasakan adalah pusing, mual, muntah, kerontokan rambut, rasa kantuk, gelisah, sulit diajak bicara dan halusinasi serta efek samping yang tidak dirasakan oleh pasien adalah diare, buang air kecil berwarna merah dan terasa nyeri, penurunan kesadaran, dan kejang. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa validasi kuesioner efek samping dinyatakan valid dan reliabel dengan 8 item pertanyaan. Regimen kemoterapi terbanyak adalah Ifosfamid- Doxorubicin- Mesna, dan efek samping yang terjadi akibat penggunaan ifosfamid adalah pusing, mual, muntah, kerontokan rambut, rasa kantuk, gelisah, sulit diajak bicara dan halusinasi.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN KLT BIOAUTOGRAFI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN AFRIKA (Vernonia amygdalina D.) TERHADAP Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Hamdayani Lance Abidin  , Ismail Ismail  , Juniarvi
Published: December 2023

Propionibacterium acnes umumnya ditemukan pada kulit dengan menghasilkan lipase yang  memecahkan asam lemak bebas dari lipid kulit sehingga menimbulkan jerawat. Daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina D.) memiliki banyak manfaat dalam dunia pengobatan tradisional maupun modern. Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan menggunakan daun afrika yang terbukti memiliki efek maupun aktivitas seperti antibakteri dan antioksidan. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan aktivitas ekstrak daun arfika dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphyllococcus aureus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak etanol daun afrika terhadap bakteri P.acnes dan analisis KLT bioautografinya.Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70% sebagai penyari. Ekstrak etanol daun afrika yang dihasilkan diuji aktivitas antibakteri secara in-vitro dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan kertas cakram. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antibakteri pada masing-masing konsentrasi menunjukkan adanya diameter hambat rata-rata pada konsentrasi 1,25% (7,39 mm ± 0,04), konsentrasi 2,5% (7,53 mm ± 0,02) dan konsentrasi 5% (8,53 mm ± 0,02). Hasil analisis KLT bioautografi menggunakan fase gerak non-polar menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun afrika dapat menghambat pertumbuhan P.acnes. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun afrika termasuk dalam kategori sedang.
FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SEDIAAN SERUM GEL ANTIJERAWAT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum basilicum L.)TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC)
Authors: Ibnu Nugroho Saputra  , Opstaria Saptarini  , Fitri Kurniasari
Published: December 2023

Daun kemangi mempunyai kandungan senyawa flavonoid yang berfungsi sebagai zat antibakteri mampu menghambat penyumbatan bahan keratin pada lapisan pilosebaseus yang dipicu oleh bakteri yaitu Staphylococcus aureus 25923. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak etanol daun kemangi menjadi sediaan serum gel antijerawat dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC) 0,5%, 0,75%, 1% dan menguji mutu fisik serta aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus 25923.

Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengekstraksi daun kemangi menggunakan metode maserasi. Uji evaluasi fisik yang meliputi uji organoleptis, pH, viskositas, homogenitas, stabilitas serta uji aktivitas antibakteri pada sediaan serum gel antijerawat dengan variasi konsentrasi Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC), F1 (0,5%), F2 (0,75%), F3 (1%). Metode difusi yang meliputi penyiapan sempel, pembuatan suspensi biakan, pembuatan media lempeng agar, identifikasi bakteri dan pengujian secara difusi.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula dengan variasi konsentrasi Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC), F1 (0,5%), F2 (0,75%), F3 (1%) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri namun pada formula 2 memiliki mutu fisik paling baik dan memiliki diameter zona hambat sebesar 13,00 mm sedangkan pada formula 1 memiliki zona hambat 14,93 mm dan formula 3 memiliki zona hambat sebesar 10,97 mm.
A FORMULASI GEL DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% DAUN CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum L.)
Authors: Meva Parasari  , Rose Rose Intan Perma Sari , Farid  , Nori Wirahmi  , Oky Hermansyah
Published: December 2023

Daun cengkeh merupakan bagian dari tanaman cengkeh yang jarang sekali dimanfaatkan berbanding sebaliknya dengan bunga cengkeh yang lebih dominan digunakan. Daun cengkeh mengandung komponenfenolik yang tinggi yaitu senyawa eugenol 70%-80% senyawa ini bersifat antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui formulasi sediaan gel dari ekstrak etanol 96% daun cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticumL.) dan untuk melihat karakteristik dari sediaan gel ekstrak etanol 96% daun cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticumL.).

Pembuatan ekstrak etanol 96% daun cengkeh menggunakan metoda maserasi. Sediaan gel dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak F0 (0%), F1 (10%), F2 (20%), F3 (30%). Selanjutnya dilakukan evaluasi sifat fisik meliputi uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji viskositas, dan uji stabilitas yang dilakukan selama 4 minggu.

Hasil pengujian randemen ekstrak yang diperoleh adalah 14,37%. Uji pH menunjukkan gel memiliki rata-rata pH berkisar antara 4,62 - 6,01; uji daya sebar berkisar antara 5,6-7 cm; uji viskositas berkisar antara 6.256,45 – 8.232,63 cps; dan uji stabilitas yang dilakukan pada suhu 25oC–30oC selama 4 minggu menunjukkan sediaan gel stabil.
Türkçe Öğretiminde Etkileşimli Sınıf Ortamlarının Rolü
Authors: GARİP Soner , KARADAĞ Bilal Ferhat
Published: December 2023

Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı’nda (2019) öğrencilerin dil becerilerini geliştirerek Türkçeyi doğru ve etkili kullanmalarını sağlamak hedeflenmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar Türkçe öğretiminde ve Türkçe dersi işleniş sürecinde bazı sorunlar olduğunu göstermektedir. Mevcut sorunlar Türkçe öğretiminde belirlenen hedeflere ulaşmaya engel olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada problemlerin iyileştirilmesine yönelik olarak Türkçe öğretmenlerine “Etkileşim Temelli Sınıf Ortamı ve Etkileşime Dayalı Etkinlikler Tasarlama Semineri” verilmiş ve bu yolla Türkçe öğretiminde etkileşimli sınıf ortamlarının rolünü ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi çerçevesinde fenomenoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu ölçüt örnekleme yoluyla belirlenen 16 Türkçe öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yoluyla toplanmış ve içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda Türkçe öğretiminde etkileşimli sınıf ortamlarının kullanılmasının öğrencilerin akademik başarısı, öğrenme sürecine katılımı ve iletişim kurmaları bakımından belirleyici bir rolü olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna ek olarak Türkçe öğretiminde etkileşimli sınıf ortamlarının öğrencilere yaparak yaşayarak öğrenme fırsatı verdiği, kaygıyı azaltarak öz güven duygusu kazandırdığı ve öğrenme sürecini eğlenceli hâle getirdiği tespit edilmiştir.
Taking into account the multidimensionality and multidirectional rotation of the shaft elements in the calculation of stationary vibration
Authors: Гежа Д.В. , Мелконян А.Л. , Николаев Д.А.
Published: December 2023

Разработан алгоритм расчета параметров вибрации на базе ранее созданной математической модели поставленной задачи в которой производился учет влияния дополнительных факторов, осуществляющийся при расчете параметров вибрации квазиодномерной модели. На основе дискретного варианта метода парциальных откликов разработан алгоритм расчета параметров вибрации при учете вращения любого элемента вала в любом направлении и с любой угловой скоростью. Разработана соответствующая программа расчета параметров вибрации (амплитудные значения смещений, внутренних усилий и опорных реакций). Выполнена серия расчетов, позволивших провести анализ влияния вращения элементов валопровода (учет различный угловых скоростей) на собственные частоты, а также на амплитуду поперечного смещения, в характерной точке. Выполнена серия расчетов, позволивших оценить влияние направления вращения на параметры вибрации валопровода.

An algorithm for calculating vibration parameters has been developed on the basis of a previously created mathematical model of the task in which the influence of additional factors was taken into account, which is carried out when calculating the vibration parameters of a quasi-one-dimensional model. On the basis of a discrete version of the method of partial responses, an algorithm for calculating vibration parameters was developed taking into account the rotation of any element of the shaft in any direction and at any angular velocity. A corresponding program for calculating vibration parameters (amplitude values of displacements, internal forces and support reactions) has been developed. A series of calculations were performed that allowed analyzing the effect of rotation of the shaft elements (taking into account different angular velocities) on natural frequencies, as well as on the amplitude of the transverse displacement, at a characteristic point. A series of calculations were performed that allowed us to estimate the influence of the direction of rotation on the vibration parameters of the shaft line.
Application of numerical methods for the analysis of the methodology for calculating external load when a helicopter crashes
Authors: Коршунов В.А. , Макаров В.О. , Мудрик Р.С. , Пономарев Д.А. , Родионов А.А.
Published: December 2023

В работе рассмотрено аварийное падение вертолёта на палубные конструкции морских объектов с ядерной энергетической установкой. В качестве проектной авария при оценке прочности конструкций объектов принято вертикальное падение вертолета, как наиболее опасное. Расчет параметров удара при падении выполнен с помощью двух процедур: инженерной методики и численных моделей метода конечных элементов. Инженерная методика строится решении задачи Тейлора об ударе жесткопластического тела о жесткую преграду с учетом распространения в телах ударных волн. Отмечаются основные допущения инженерной методики, которые определяют точность получаемых с ее помощью результатов. Более достоверные результаты анализа получены с помощью метода конечных элементов и явными схемами интегрирования нелинейных уравнений динамики. Использовалась подробная балочно-оболочечная конечно-элементная модель вертолета реальным распределением массовых и жесткостных характеристик фюзеляжа. По двум процедурам получены зависимости от времени скорости движения разрушающегося вертолета, контактной силы удара и потенциальной энергии деформируемых конструкций. Метод конечных элементов дополнительно дал картины деформирования силовых конструкций палубы и фюзеляжа. Результаты работы показали качественную и количественную оценку погрешностей инженерной методики и границы ее применимости.

The paper considers helicopter crash on deck structures of a nuclear vessel. The vertical fall of the helicopter as the most dangerous one is accepted as a design accident when evaluating the strength of the structures of the objects. Calculation of crash parameters during the fall is performed using two procedures: engineering methodology and finite element method. The engineering technique is based on the solution of the Taylor problem of the impact of a rigid-plastic body on a rigid barrier, taking into account the propagation of shock waves in the body. The main assumptions of the engineering methodology, which determine the accuracy of the results obtained with its help, are noted. More reliable results of the analysis are obtained using the finite element method and explicit schemes of integration of nonlinear equations of dynamics. A detailed beam-shell finite element model of the helicopter with real distribution of mass and stiffness characteristics of the fuselage was used. Time dependences of the collapsing helicopter velocity, contact impact force and potential energy of deformable structures were obtained by two procedures. The finite element method additionally gave the deformation patterns of the deck and fuselage force structures. The results of work have shown qualitative and quantitative estimation of errors of engineering methodology and limits of its applicability.
Axillary Plexus Block for Anesthesia Management in Patients with Acute Compartment Syndrome after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Transradial Approach: A Case Report
Authors: Renaldi  , I Made Gede Widnyana  , Otniel Adrians Labobar
Published: December 2023

Background: Acute compartment syndrome is a rare complication of the percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) transradial approach but it is very hand-threatening. Treatment for acute compartment syndrome is emergent fasciotomy of the affected compartments to reduce intracompartmental pressure. Axillary plexus block is an excellent choice of anesthesia technique for elbow, forearm, and hand surgery.

Case presentation: An 80-year-old, 60 kg, 168 cm man was consulted to our department with a painful swelling on his right upper arm and hand that began three hours after a primary PCI procedure. Previously, the patient had a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The supporting examination results were notable for anemia (Hemoglobin 7,5 g/dL), thrombocytopenia (78 x103/uL), elevated hemostasis function (International Normalized Ratio 1.43), and high blood sugar (360 mg/dL) from echocardiography results anteroseptal and lateral hypokinetic.  Before we did block, the patient was given ketamine 10 mcg IV and fentanyl 25 mcg IV for sedation. Axillary plexus block, as a type of regional anesthesia under ultrasound guidance, is a reliable substitute for general anesthesia in high-risk patients, and we do it with a dose of 20 ml of solution (50 mg (10 ml) isobaric bupivacaine 0.5% + 200 mg lidocaine 2% diluted with 20 ml normal saline). During the surgery, the patient was hemodynamically stable. After the operation, the patient was readmitted to the intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU).

Conclusion: Axillary plexus block can be an alternative to general anesthesia in patients who will undergo fasciotomy surgery after percutaneous coronary intervention transradial approach with stable hemodynamics during surgery and well-controlled pain after the surgery.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Interstitial Lung Disease: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Romadani Rizki , Sri Indah Indriani
Published: December 2023

Establishing a diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is very important because the diagnosis of ILD is often missed with other lung diseases. Apart from clinical diagnosis of ILD, other tests are also required, such as a lung biopsy, which can be done using open lung biopsy but has high mortality and morbidity rates. Apart from that, lung biopsy can be done using video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) and transbronchial biopsy, but it is relatively more expensive compared to examination bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), which is another diagnostic approach of ILD. Bronchoalveolar lavage is performed using a flexible fiber bronchoscope (fiberoptic bronchoscopy), which has a lower morbidity and mortality rate.
User Satisfaction Evaluation of E-Learning as a Learning System at Heritage School
Authors: Gondomulio Timothy , Suroso Jarot S.
Published: December 2023

This study examines the effectiveness of using E-learning in XYZ school. In education, the issue of using information and communication technologies for teaching and learning is of great importance. This study will provide a literature review and scientific background to the study by reviewing the impact of E-learning, particularly its use in teaching and learning in education. At the moment, the school is using an E-learning system called Learning Management System. This study will analyze the user’s satisfaction for the information quality, system quality, service quality, and its use, by using the PLS-SEM application. The results of this study will determine if the user’s are satisfied and if the system needs to be improved.
Sistem Keamanan Kartu NFC Menggunakan Metode AES pada Sistem Pembayaran Elektronik
Authors: Bhaskoro Susetyo Bagas , Anggraeni Pipit , Nijam E. Nashrul
Published: December 2023

To maintain data security, a method is needed that can improve data security, one of which is by using cryptographic techniques. In an effort to meet the needs of data security, cryptography focuses on understanding and applying techniques to protect messages. There are several methods used in cryptography, one of which is the AES method which is recognized as the best encryption algorithm for several reasons, such as using a sufficiently secure key, high processing speed, and ensuring data integrity and confidentiality. In this study, the AES method is used to secure data in the form of nominal balances stored on NFC cards. Based on the test results, it can be seen that the NFC card can function as a balance storage with a maximum limit of IDR 1,000,000. Then based on the confusion matrix method, the security system on the NFC card has an accuracy value of 81,81%, 83.3% precision, and 93,75% recall.
Exosome-mediated transfer of circRNA563 promoting hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting the microRNA148a-3p/metal-regulatory transcription factor-1 pathway
Authors: Lyu Zhuo-Zhen , Li Meng , Yang Ming-Yu , Han Mei-Hong , Yang Zhen
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert anti-oncogenic effects via exosomes containing non-coding RNA (ncRNA), which play important roles in tumor biology. Our preliminary study identified the interaction of the ncRNA hsa_circ_0000563 (circ563) and the circ563-associated miR-148a-3p in exosomes, as miR-148a-3p and its target metal-regulatory transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) are implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression.

AIM

To identify the clinical significance, functional implications, and mechanisms of circ563 in HCC.

METHODS

The expression levels of miR-148a-3p and MTF-1 in exosomes derived from MSC and HCC cells were compared, and their effects on HCC cells were assessed. Using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, miR-148a-3p was identified as an associated microRNA of circ563, whose role in HCC regulation was assessed in vitro and in vivo .

RESULTS

The silencing of circ563 blocked the HCC cell proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis. Co-culturing of HCC cells with MSC-derived exosomes following circ563 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and metastasis and elicited changes in miR-148a-3p and MTF-1 expression. The tumor-promoting effects of circ563 were partially suppressed by miR-148a-3p overexpression or MTF-1 depletion. Xenograft experiments performed in nude mice confirmed that circ563-enriched exosomes facilitated tumor growth by upregulating the expression of MTF-1. In HCC tissues, circ563 expression was negatively correlated with miR-148a-3p expression but positively correlated with MTF-1 levels.

CONCLUSION

MSCs may exhibit anti-HCC activity through the exosomal circ563/miR-148a-3p/MTF-1 pathway, while exosomes can transmit circ563 to promote oncogenic behavior by competitively binding to miR-148a-3p to activate MTF-1.
Albumin-bilirubin score in non-malignant liver diseases should be properly validated
Authors: Pasta Andrea , Calabrese Francesco , Plaz Torres Maria Corina , Bodini Giorgia , Furnari Manuele , Savarino Edoardo Vincenzo , Savarino Vincenzo , Giannini Edoardo Giovanni , Marabotto Elisa
Published: December 2023

The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score to assess the risk of decompensation in patients with initially compensated cirrhosis may improve their prognostic evaluation. This letter critically evaluates the research, which utilizes the ALBI score to forecast decompensation in cirrhosis patients over a three-year period. This score was initially developed to assess liver function in hepatocellular carcinoma, its prognostic utility for non-malignant liver diseases has now been explored, recognizing decompensation as a pivotal event that significantly affects patient’s survival. Some concerns regarding the methodology of this research may be raised, particularly the exclusive use of radiological diagnosis, potentially including patients without definite cirrhosis and thus skewing the decompensation risk assessment. The reported predominance of variceal bleeding as a decompensating event conflicts with established literature, that often reports ascites as the initial decompensation manifestation. The letter highlights the absence of details on esophageal varices and their management, which could introduce bias in evaluating the ALBI score's predictive power. Furthermore, the letter points out the small sample size of patients with high-risk ALBI grades, potentially compromising the score's validity in this context. We suggest prospective future research to investigate the dynamic changes in the ALBI score over time to reinforce the validity of the ALBI score as a predictor of decompensation in non-malignant liver disease.
Paying attention to the value of thrombelastography and the impact of postreperfusion syndrome on outcomes of liver transplantation
Authors: Wu Yu-Li , Che Lu , Weng Yi-Qi
Published: December 2023

Only limited information is available about the connection between massive blood transfusion and postoperative survival rates in pediatric liver transplantation. The aim of Gordon's study was to examine the potential impact of perioperative transfusion on postoperative complications and death in young children receiving pediatric living-donor liver transplantation (PLDLT). The authors concluded that transfusion of a red blood cell volume higher than 27.5 mL/kg during the perioperative period is associated with a significant increase in short- and long-term postoperative morbidity and mortality after PLDLT. However, viscoelastic coagulation monitoring was not utilized in the study; instead, only conventional coagulation monitoring was conducted. Overall, the choice of blood coagulation monitoring method during blood transfusion can have a significant impact on patient prognosis. Several studies have shown that the viscoelastic coagulation testing such as thrombelastography (TEG) is highly sensitive and accurate for diagnosing coagulation dysfunction. Indeed, a TEG-guided blood transfusion strategy can improve prognosis. Moreover, postreperfusion syndrome is one of the most common complications of liver transplantation and an important factor affecting the prognosis of patients and should also be included in regression analysis.
Why are joint arthroplasty registers needed? Part 1. (on the example of registers of knee arthroplasty)
Authors: Zazirnyi I.
Published: December 2023

This article examines the creation, assignment and management of knee arthroplasty registries. Methods of collecting relevant data, cost and ways of using thinformation are considered. Registries should strive to collect and analyze data of interest to both researchers and administrators. It is important to realize that without adequate research there will be no basis for real quality improvement. Registries have now become important tools in evidence-based practice. New implants and techniques are constantly being introduced, some of which do not work as expected. Registries will continue to be important tools for identifying problems and minimizing losses for years to come. They are important to the specialty as a whole because a well-documented profession is better equipped to compete for strained medical resources. Healthcare providers are more likely to provide funding when they can show past funding results, document treatment outcomes, and predict future trends.
The boundary between the Prime Gaps and the Interchangeable be-tween a Quantum Mechanics System & a Classical Chaos One
Authors: Shun Lam Kai
Published: December 2023

With reference to my last paper, this author found that there are always some discrete quantum constants like the Planck’s one laying between the real and the imaginary parts of the Riemann function (I.e when we fix or group the Riemann Zeros one by one and make the real part to be varying.) or the quantum mechan-ics system. Hence, the Riemann Zeta Zeros give us the discrete quantum con-stants together with the given discrete quantum constants may give you the wanted Riemann Zeta Zeros. This phenomenon may be explained by Quantum Riemann Zeta Epiphancy. In the present paper, this author tries to fix or group the real part of the Riemann Zeros and make the imaginary part of the Riemann Zeros to be varying from one to the tenth one or resulting a chaos like graph. Thus, it seems that we may interchange a quantum mechanics system with the classical chaos one by just varying one variable and fix another one (such as varying real part of the Riemann function’s zeors from 0.1 to 1 and fix the imaginary part of the Rie-mann zeros one group after one another). Certainly, the vice versa for the fix of the real part (one group after another) with different Riemann Zeros may also help. In other words, the quantum mechanics system is just the conjugate pair (varying x and fixed y variables) of the classical chaos one or the vice versa is al-so true (fixed x and varying y variables) & put back into the Zeta functions etc. Hence, it is a method (or transformation) for us so that we may easily to make a interchange between these two systems by only adjusting or selecting which vari-ables to be varying or fixed. Then we may turn the classical chaos system into a quantum mechanics one or the vice versa. This implies that it may be possible to apply controllable quantum systems for the investigation of our natural aspects. Finally, this author have also shown that there is a boundary laying be-tween the prime gap through the elementary calculation and mathematical deriva-tion without using the computer software etc. It is thus a contradiction to the fact that there is no bound for the prime gap. This tells us that there is a need to have a shift from zero to 0.5 for the real part of the Riemann Zeta Zeros as what this author has mentioned in my last paper etc.
Трансформация политического режима в России
Authors: Potapov D. V.
Published: December 2023

Монография является в определённом смысле подведением итогов осмысления политической власти и анализа трансформации политического режима в России, его особенностей в парадигме происходящего политического транзита. В работе отражены не только политические факторы происходящих изменений в России, но и их исторические, географические и социальные особенности. Монография рассчитана на специалистов, работающих в области исследования политических режимов, теории транзитологии. Книга также будет полезна магистрантам, аспирантам и студентам старших курсов соответствующих кафедр университетов.