bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The changing demographics of inpatient hospice death: Population-based cross-sectional study in England, 1993–2012
Authors: Sleeman Katherine E , Davies Joanna M , Verne Julia , Gao Wei , Higginson Irene J
Published: May 2015

Background:

Studies in the United Kingdom and elsewhere have suggested inequality of hospice provision with respect to factors such as age, diagnosis and socio-economic position. How this has changed over time is unknown.

Aim:

To describe the factors associated with inpatient hospice death in England and examine how these have changed over time.

Design:

Population-based study. Multivariable Poisson regression compared 1998–2002, 2003–2007 and 2008–2012, with 1993–1997. Explanatory variables included individual factors (age, gender, marital status, underlying cause of death) and area-based measures of deprivation.

Setting:

Adults aged 25 years and over who died in inpatient hospice units in England between 1993 and 2002 ( n = 446,615).

Results:

The annual number of hospice deaths increased from 17,440 in 1993 to 26,032 in 2012, accounting for 3.4% of all deaths in 1993 and 6.0% in 2012. A total of 50.6% of hospice decedents were men; the mean age was 69.9 (standard deviation: 12.4) years. The likelihood of hospice decedents being in the oldest age group (>85 years) increased over time (proportion ratio: 1.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.39 to 1.48 for 2008–2012 compared to 1993–1997). Just 5.2% of all hospice decedents had non-cancer diagnoses, though the likelihood of non-cancer conditions increased over time (proportion ratio: 1.41, 95% confidence interval: 1.37 to 1.46 for 2008–2012 compared to 1993–1997). The likelihood of hospice decedents being resident in the least deprived quintile increased over time (proportion ratio: 1.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.22 to 1.29 for 2008–2012 compared to 1993–1997).

Conclusion:

The increase in non-cancer conditions among hospice decedents is encouraging although absolute numbers remain very small. Deprivation trends are concerning and require further exploration.
period and timeless mRNA Splicing Profiles under Natural Conditions in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Montelli Stefano , Mazzotta Gabriella , Vanin Stefano , Caccin Laura , Corrà Samantha , De Pittà Cristiano , Boothroyd Catharine , Green Edward W. , Kyriacou Charalambos P. , Costa Rodolfo
Published: May 2015

Previous analysis of Drosophila circadian behavior under natural conditions has revealed a number of novel and unexpected features. Here we focus on the oscillations of per and tim mRNAs and their posttranscriptional regulation and observe significant differences in molecular cycling under laboratory and natural conditions. In particular, robust per mRNA cycling from fly heads is limited to the summers, whereas tim RNA cycling is observed throughout the year. When both transcripts do cycle, their phases are similar, except for the very warmest summer months. We also study the natural splicing profiles of per and tim transcripts and observe a clear relationship between temperature and splicing. In natural conditions, we confirm the relationship between accumulation of the perspliced variant, low temperature, and the onset of the evening component of locomotor activity, first described in laboratory conditions. Intriguingly, in the case of tim splicing, we detect the opposite relationship, with timspliced expression increasing at higher temperatures. A first characterization of the 4 different TIM protein isoforms (resulting from the combination of the natural N-terminus length polymorphism and the C-terminus alternative splicing) using the 2-hybrid assay showed that the TIMunspliced isoforms have a stronger affinity for CRY, but not for PER, suggesting that the tim 3′ splicing could have physiological significance, possibly in temperature entrainment and/or adaptation to seasonal environments.
Selective Distribution of Retinal Input to Mouse SCN Revealed in Analysis of Sagittal Sections
Authors: Lokshin Maria , LeSauter Joseph , Silver Rae
Published: May 2015

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the locus of the master circadian clock, setting the daily rhythms in physiology and behavior and synchronizing these responses to the local environment. The most important of these phase-setting cues derive from the light-dark cycle and reach the SCN directly via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). The SCN contains anatomically and functionally heterogeneous populations of cells. Understanding how these neurons access information about the photic environment so as to set the phase of daily oscillation requires knowledge of SCN innervation by the RHT. While retinal innervation of the SCN has long been a topic of interest, the information is incomplete. In some instances, studies have focused on the caudal aspect of the nucleus, which contains the core region. In other instances, subregions of the nucleus have been delineated based on projections of where specific peptidergic cell types lie, rather than based on double or triple immunochemical staining of distinct populations of cells. Here, we examine the full extent of the mouse SCN using cholera toxin β (CTβ) as a tracer to analyze RHT innervation in triple-labeled sagittal sections. Using specific peptidergic markers to identify clusters of SCN cells, we find 3 distinct patterns. First is an area of dense RHT innervation to the core region, delineated by gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactive cells. Second is an area of moderate RHT fiber clusters, bearing arginine-vasopressin (AVP)–positive cells that lie close to the core. Finally, the outermost, shell, and rostral AVP-containing regions of the SCN have few to no detectable retinal fibers. These results point to a diversity of inputs to individual SCN cell populations and suggest variation in the responses that underlie photic phase resetting.
Exploring University Students’ Coping Strategy Intentions for Cyberbullying
Authors: Orel Alexandria , Campbell Marilyn , Wozencroft Kelly , Leong Eliza , Kimpton Melanie
Published: May 2015

Most of the published research on cyberbullying has been conducted with children and adolescents, so little is known about cyberbullying in other populations. This study examined cyberbullying within an emerging adult population in a university setting ( N = 282), and explored what coping strategies these individuals intended to use in response to future cyberbullying incidents. Blocking of the sender of the bullying message was found to be the most frequent intention to cope with cyberbullying among these emerging adults. It was also found that both gender and victimisation status (i.e., whether the emerging adult had, in the preceding twelve months, been a victim of cyberbullying) influenced coping strategy intentions. The implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Factors Associated With Work Volition Among Aging Workers in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheung Francis , Wu Anise M. S. , Yeung Dannii Y.
Published: May 2015

Work volition refers to the perceived ability of an individual to choose work under constraints. As they age, older workers often face declines in cognitive functioning and adaptability, as well as age discrimination in organizations. Our goal was to examine the relation between the mentioned constraints and work volition for aging workers, and whether general self-efficacy moderated the associations between constraints and work volition. A total of 350 working Chinese (aged over 45 years) in Hong Kong were recruited. Structural equation modeling (SEM) result showed that perceived age discrimination and cognitive constraint (planning and organization) were salient correlations of work volition. Multi-sample SEM analysis verified that general self-efficacy moderated the association between the cognitive constraints as well as perceived age discrimination in the workplace and work volition. Limitations and recommendations, including assessment of work volition, strengthening of general self-efficacy, and elimination of age discrimination, were discussed.
Optimization of the diffuser in a centrifugal pump by combining response surface method with multi-island genetic algorithm
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Yuan Shouqi , Pei Ji , Zhang Jinfeng
Published: May 2015

The diffuser plays a significant role in the performance of a centrifugal pump, especially for a high-power centrifugal pump. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of a centrifugal pump, optimization of a vaned diffuser is proposed in this work. The steady simulations were carried out by solving the three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a shear stress transport turbulence model. The numerical head and efficiency were validated by the experimental results of the original pump, and the results show that the predicted performance of the numerical simulation is in good agreement with the experimental results. Four design variables of the diffuser including the diffuser inlet diameter D3, diffuser inlet width b3, diffuser inlet angle α3, and diffuser wrap angle ϕ2 were selected to design by the CFturbo 9.0. The diffusers under test were selected using the orthogonal experiment method using the orthogonal array L16(44). The effect of the four variables on the pump’s efficiency was investigated by the predicted efficiency of 16 diffusers. A quadratic polynomial fitting function for the variables and efficiency was constructed using the response surface method. The optimal values were obtained by solving the response function with the multi-island genetic algorithm. Through the analysis of the range and quadratic regression, it was found that the diffuser wrap angle has the most significant influence on efficiency. The efficiency of the optimal pump increased by 8.65% compared with the original scheme. The velocity distributions in the diffuser inlet and volute were improved and became more uniform. The total pressure in the diffuser and volute of the optimal pump was higher than that of the original pump.
What are ‘patient secrets’ in occupational medicine practice? Privacy and confidentiality in ‘dual obligation doctor’ situations
Authors: Tamin Jacques
Published: May 2015

In order to understand what might constitute a ‘patient secret’ in occupational medicine, this article first reviews why information is confidential in doctor–patient relationships in therapeutic settings. The General Medical Council does not treat medical confidentiality any differently whether the setting is therapeutic or not. However, it will be argued that the legal and ethical justifications for medical confidentiality in therapeutic situations cannot simply be transposed into the occupational medicine setting, especially in the context of independently commissioned reports. Moreover, the recent General Medical Council guidance on confidentiality, which requires doctors to seek further consent for a report commissioned by third parties, will be shown to be in conflict with English Court of Appeal judgements.
Enhancing students’ moral competence in practice
Authors: Solum Eva Merethe , Maluwa Veronica Mary , Tveit Bodil , Severinsson Elisabeth
Published: May 2015

Background:

Nurses and student nurses in Malawi often encounter challenges in taking a moral course of action. Several studies have demonstrated a need for increased awareness of ethical issues in the nursing education.

Objective:

To explore the challenges experienced by nurse teachers in Malawi in their efforts to enhance students’ moral competence in clinical practice.

Research design:

A qualitative hermeneutic approach was employed to interpret the teachers’ experiences.

Participants and research context:

Individual interviews (N = 8) and a focus group interview with teachers (N = 9) from different nursing colleges were conducted.

Ethical considerations:

Ethical approval was granted and all participants signed their informed consent.

Findings:

Two overall themes emerged: (1) authoritarian learning climate, with three subthemes: (a) fear of making critical comments about clinical practice, (b) fear of disclosing mistakes and lack of knowledge and (c) lack of a culture of critical discussion and reflection that promotes moral competence; and (2) discrepancy between expectations on learning outcome from nursing college and the learning opportunities in practice comprising three subthemes: (a) gap between the theory taught in class and learning opportunities in clinical practice, (b) lack of good role models and (c) lack of resources.

Discussion:

Our findings indicated that showing respect was a central objective when the students were assessed in practice. A number of previous studies have enlightened the need for critical reflection in nursing education. Few studies have linked this to challenges experienced by teachers for development of moral competence in practice. This is one of the first such studies done in an African setting.

Conclusion:

There is a clear relationship between the two themes. A less authoritarian learning climate may enhance critical reflection and discussion between students, teachers and nurses. This can narrow the gap between the theory taught in college and what is demonstrated in clinical practice. Moral competence must be enhanced in order to ensure patients’ rights and safety.
What healthcare teams find ethically difficult
Authors: Rasoal Dara , Kihlgren Annica , James Inger , Svantesson Mia
Published: May 2015

Background:

Ethically difficult situations are frequently encountered by healthcare professionals. Moral case deliberation is one form of clinical ethics support, which has the goal to support staff to manage ethical difficulties. However, little is known which difficult situations healthcare teams need to discuss.

Aim:

To explore which kinds of ethically difficult situations interprofessional healthcare teams raise during moral case deliberation.

Research design:

A series of 70 moral case deliberation sessions were audio-recorded in 10 Swedish workplaces. A descriptive, qualitative approach was applied, using thematic content analysis.

Ethical considerations:

An advisory statement specifying no objections to the study was provided from an Ethical Review Board, and consent to be recorded was assumed by virtue of participation in the moral case deliberation.

Findings:

Three themes emerged: powerlessness over managing difficult interactions with patients and next-of-kin, unease over unsafe and unequal care, and uncertainty over who should have power over care decisions. The powerlessness comprised feelings of insufficiency, difficulties to respond or manage patient’s/next-of-kin’s emotional needs or emotional outbursts and discouragement over motivating patients not taking responsibility for themselves. They could be uncertain over the patient’s autonomy, who should have power over life and death, disclosing the truth or how much power next-of-kin should have.

Discussion:

The findings suggest that the nature of the ethically difficult situations brought to moral case deliberations contained more relational-oriented ethics than principle-based ethics, were permeated by emotions and the uncertainties were pervaded by power aspects between stakeholders.

Conclusion:

MCD can be useful in understanding the connection between ethical issues and emotions from a team perspective.
Social Support and Sexual Risk Among Establishment-Based Female Sex Workers in Tijuana
Authors: Choudhury Shonali Mona , Erausquin Jennifer Toller , Park Kyuwon , Anglade Debbie
Published: May 2015

Social support can affect health outcomes of female sex workers. In this inductive feminist grounded theory study based on 20 in-depth interviews, we explore how establishment-based female sex workers in Tijuana perceive the impact of the connections among women on their lives and health. Participants elected to discuss the importance of social support from mothers, sisters, friends, and co-workers, and the empowering and disempowering aspects of these relationships. In previous studies, scholars demonstrated the efficacy of formal organization of female sex workers in promoting the mitigation of sexual and HIV risk. We show the importance of informal ties with other women. Some participants mentioned competitive relationships, others talked about cooperation and the desire for a venue to learn from one another. Social interactions with other women are especially empowering when female sex workers can openly engage in “woman talk” that may contribute to the mitigation of sexual and HIV risk.
Therapeutic Education in Improving Cancer Pain Management
Authors: Prevost Virginie , Delorme Claire , Grach Marie-Christine , Chvetzoff Gisèle , Hureau Magalie
Published: May 2015

This literature review aims to synthesize available studies and to update findings in order to obtain a current, comprehensive estimate of the benefits of pain education. Forty-four original articles obtained from the PubMed database were analyzed to investigate which protocols could be most effective in improving pain management. Recent studies indicate a growing interest in evaluating patients’ skills and attitudes; these include satisfaction with cancer pain treatment, patient-reported improvement, and patient participation—all of which could be dependable benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness of educational programs. Besides pain measurement, recent studies advance support for the importance of assessing newly developed outcome criteria. In this sense, patients’ active participation and decision making in their pain management are probably the most relevant goals of pain education.
The Social and Psychological Costs of Peer Review
Authors: Horn Sierk A.
Published: May 2015

Research has evolved into a high-stake competition for journal space. This study examines the effects of peer rejections on individual scholars. I propose a transactional framework that organizes experiences with peer rejections into identity-related appraisal and coping phases. I consider two types of response options: peer rejections either as a threat or as a challenge to scholarly identities. I develop research proposition specific to socio-demographic, socio-linguistic, and social-cognitive antecedents of scholarly engagement. I test for main and interaction effects of peer rejections on data collected from 411 International Business scholars. Broadly supportive of my propositions, the findings highlight extensive social and psychological costs of peer-review mechanisms, most notably living with professional failure, resultant cognitive dissonance, and awareness of discriminatory clues. The systematic exploration of bifurcating scholarly work into “valued” and “less valued” contributions invites us to reconsider the way we interact as scholars, create knowledge, and build disciplinary capacities.
Monitoring Residual Platelet Activity Among Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Post-PCI by Modified Impedance Whole Blood Platelet Aggregation and Release Method
Authors: Cui Chanjuan , Qiao Rui , Zhang Jie
Published: May 2015

Antiplatelet medicines have been one of the cornerstones in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, adverse cardiovascular events still occur in some patients on standard antiplatelet therapy. Therefore, a reliable laboratory test to monitor the residual platelet activity (RPA) is urgent. We aim to modify the impedance whole blood platelet aggregation (WBA) assay associated with release assay to monitor RPA, despite antiplatelet therapy and assess their relationship with clinical ischemic events. In this study, RPA was tested in 133 patients with ACS postpercutaneous coronary intervention between 24 and 36 hours after a 300-mg clopidogrel loading dose by modified assay. Then, these patients were followed up for 3 months for clinical ischemic events. Meanwhile, platelet activity of 58 healthy volunteers was also tested by modified assay. Results showed that in modified assay the point of platelet magnified activation time (MAT) and maximal platelet adenosine triphosphate release values (RV) have significant differences between healthy volunteers and patients ([90.86 ± 27.60 seconds] vs [206.44 ± 58.97 seconds] and [2.07 ± 0.64 nmol] vs [0.98 ± 0.49 nmol]; P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). During follow-up, 5 patients present ischemic events. Receiver-operator characteristic curve showed that the cutoff values for MAT and RV were 156.5 seconds and 1.05 nmol, respectively, with the sensitivity and specificity of 60.00% and 83.30% and 80.00% and 67.50%, respectively; when MAT combined with RV, the sensitivity can be increased to 100%. Therefore, modified impedance WBA and release assay may be a potentially recommended reliable laboratory assays for monitoring the RPA.
Use of tocopherol extract and different nitrite sources and starter cultures in the production of organic botifarra catalana, a cooked cured sausage
Authors: Magrinyà Núria , Bou Ricard , Rius Núria , Codony Rafael , Guardiola Francesc
Published: May 2015

This research evaluates the effects of adding a tocopherol mix (0 or 200 mg/kg), two nitrite sources (sodium nitrite or a nitrate-rich vegetable concentrate) and the use of Staphylococcus carnosus together with fermentation types that varied in temperature (12 h at 4 ℃ or 16 ℃) on different quality parameters and acceptability of cooked cured sausages after vacuum packing and storage at 4 ℃ for 120 days. In the presence of S. carnosus, residual nitrate and nitrite levels were reduced. Sausages containing vegetable concentrates and without S. carnosus resulted in higher amounts of residual nitrate and lower curing efficiency. The lowest values in redness and acceptability were observed in those sausages without starter cultures. The addition of tocopherols had no effect on oxidative status and susceptibility to oxidation. However, the highest amount of hydroperoxides was related with nitrite decreased formation. Overall, vegetable concentrates can be used as curing agents if fermentation with a nitrate-reducing starter culture is allowed.
The Routines and Occupations of Families With Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Bagatell Nancy
Published: May 2015

Research has consistently shown that families with young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have difficulty participating in family occupations and routines. However, little is known about how families who have adolescents with ASD manage daily life. Therefore, this qualitative research study explored how families with adolescents with ASD constructed, managed, and experienced family occupations and routines. Five families with adolescents with moderate to severe autism participated. Each family engaged in two semi-structured interviews. Participant observation occurred in an activity chosen by the family. Data were analyzed using thematic coding procedures and narrative analysis. Three main inter-related themes emerged: routines as essential, the shifting of routines with the onset of puberty, and the provision of accommodations. The findings highlight the need for family-centered services for families with adolescents with ASD. Interventions that address family occupations and routines have the potential to promote family health and well-being.
Improving Problem-Solving Performance of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Yakubova Gulnoza , Taber-Doughty Teresa
Published: May 2015

The effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention to improve the problem-solving performance of students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) during vocational tasks was examined. A multiple-probe across-students design was used to illustrate the effectiveness of point-of-view video modeling paired with practice sessions and a self-operated cue sheet to solve problems encountered during vocational tasks. Following intervention, all students improved performance and generalized problem-solving skills to a second untrained setting. Three of four students maintained performance at a 6-week follow-up. Overall, evidence indicated that students with ASD could learn to engage in problem solving independently following the intervention.
The new SCIARA-fv3 numerical model and acceleration by GPGPU strategies
Authors: Spataro Davide , D’Ambrosio Donato , Filippone Giuseppe , Rongo Rocco , Spataro William , Marocco Davide
Published: May 2015

This paper presents the parallel implementation, using the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) architecture, of the SCIARA-fv3 Complex Cellular Automata model for simulating lava flows. The computational model is based on a Bingham-like rheology and both flow velocity and the physical time corresponding to a computational step have been made explicit. The parallelization design has involved, among other issues, the application of strategies that can avoid incorrect computation results due to race conditions and achieving the best performance and occupancy of the underlying available hardware. Two hardware types were adopted for testing different versions of the CUDA implementations of the SCIARA-fv3 model, namely the GTX 580 and GTX 680 graphic processors. Despite its computational complexity, carried out experiments of the model parallelization have shown significant performance improvements, confirming that graphic hardware can represent a valid solution for the implementation of Cellular Automata models.
The Effect of Evolving Fluid Resuscitation on the Outcome of Severely Injured Patients: An 8-year Experience at a Tertiary Trauma Center
Authors: Brinck T. , Handolin L. , Lefering R.
Published: May 2015

Background and Aims:

Fluid resuscitation of severely injured patients has shifted over the last decade toward less crystalloids and more blood products. Helsinki University trauma center implemented the massive transfusion protocol in the end of 2009. The aim of the study was to review the changes in fluid resuscitation and its influence on outcome of severely injured patients with hemodynamic compromise treated at the single tertiary trauma center.

Material and Methods:

Data on severely injured patients (New Injury Severity Score > 15) from Helsinki University Hospital trauma center’s trauma registry was reviewed over 2006–2013. The isolated head-injury patients, patients without hemodynamic compromise on admission (systolic blood pressure > 90 or base excess > –5.0), and those transferred in from another hospital were excluded. The primary outcome measure was 30-day in-hospital mortality. The study period was divided into three phases: 2006–2008 (pre-protocol, 146 patients), 2009–2010 (the implementation of massive transfusion protocol, 85 patients), and 2011–2013 (post massive transfusion protocol, 121 patients). Expected mortality was calculated using the Revised Injury Severity Classification score II. The Standardized Mortality Ratio, as well as the amounts of crystalloids, colloids, and blood products (red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets) administered prehospital and in the emergency room were compared.

Results:

Of the 354 patients that were included, Standardized Mortality Ratio values decreased (indicating better survival) during the study period from 0.97 (pre-protocol), 0.87 (the implementation of massive transfusion protocol), to 0.79 (post massive transfusion protocol). The amount of crystalloids used in the emergency room decreased from 3870 mL (pre-protocol), 2390 mL (the implementation of massive transfusion protocol), to 2340 mL (post massive transfusion protocol). In these patients, the blood products’ (red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets together) relation to crystalloids increased from 0.36, 0.70, to 0.74, respectively, in three phases.

Conclusion:

During the study period, no other major changes in the protocols on treatment of severely injured patients were implemented. The overall awareness of damage control fluid resuscitation and introduction of massive transfusion protocol in a trauma center has a significant positive effect on the outcome of severely injured patients.
Exploring perceptions and use of the electronic health record by parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: A qualitative study
Authors: Bush Ruth A , Stahmer Aubyn C , Connelly Cynthia D
Published: May 2015

This qualitative project used structured interviews with nine parents to examine perceptions of the electronic health record (EHR) and associated patient portal in the treatment of their child’s autism spectrum disorder. Thematic analysis identified six complementary themes including: Familiarity and exposure to the EHR, changing experience of care (streamlining appointments, providing more rapid medical record access, increasing clinician awareness of the complexity of their child’s medical treatment, and facilitating prescriptions), portal use, patient/EHR/portal interaction, interoperability, and mother as care coordinator. While aware of the patient portal, only one-third had registered to use it and these parents reported only limited use. In general, perceptions of the electronic health record are positive, but the patient portal has yet to have needed consumer adoption. Further research and functionality are needed to increase portal registration and greater portal integration in patient care.
Mechanical joining of PVC tubes by their ends
Authors: Alves LM , Silva CMA , Santos PD , Martins PAF
Published: May 2015

This paper extends recent developments in the mechanical joining of metallic tubes by their ends at room temperature to polymer tubes. The presentation describes the experimental and finite element research work with commercial PVC tubes that was performed to characterize the deformation mechanics of the process and to identify the workability limits as a function of the major operating parameters. Experiments with water tightness destructive tests demonstrate the capability of the mechanical joining process to produce tight, structurally sound joints that are able of withstanding internal pressures above the maximum operating pressure of the individual PVC tubes, while eliminating extra components and facilitating the ease of installation.
Drawbead geometric parameters using an improved equivalent model and PSO-BP neural network
Authors: Xie Yanmin , Xiong Wencheng , Zhuo Dezhi , Wang Xinbao
Published: May 2015

To improve the simulation accuracy in sheet metal forming, an improved equivalent drawbead restraining force model is proposed considering the offset of the neutral layer and Bauschinger effect. It is validated with Nine's experimental data. BP neural network is optimized by the regularization and pruning theory to decrease neural network redundancy. The weights and threshold values of BP network are optimized by dynamic Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to reduce the possibility of local values. The surrogate mapping model of input–output variables is obtained from the improved PSO-BP model. The fender from NUMISHEET'93 is selected as case study. The main factors are sampled making use of Latin hypercube. The Latin hypercube sampling is optimized by simulated annealing algorithm. Based on the improved PSO-BP neural network, the metamodel between drawbead forces and forming objectives is established. Based on the multi-objective PSO optimization method, the mapping model is optimized to obtain the optimum drawbead restraining forces. The inverse model of drawbead is established based on the proposed drawbead force model to obtain its geometric parameters. The actual drawbeads based on the inversed parameters are simulated to verify the feasibility of the method. The results show that proposed method can significantly improve the forming quality.
A study about hole making in woven jute fabric-reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Yallew Temesgen Berhanu , Kumar Pradeep , Singh Inderdeep
Published: May 2015

The time has come for natural fibres to stand as potent substitutes for synthetic fibres in various industrial applications. Recently, jute fibre is being used as reinforcement material in the development of reinforced plastics for various engineering products. The production cycle of a composite product often necessitates certain degree of machining operations. Drilling is one of the most widely practised machining operation for making holes in composite laminates. Hole making is imperative to ascertain the assembly of intricate composite products. The literature available indicate that not much research work has been reported on the machining behaviour of jute fibre-reinforced polypropylene composites. Hence, in the present experimental endeavour, drilling of woven jute fabric-reinforced polypropylene composite has been performed. The effect of operating variables on thrust force and torque signals was investigated. Drilling-induced damage in the developed composite was quantified using stereo microscope. The experimental values indicate close relationship between the tool geometries and the delamination factor. SEM analysis was also conducted to understand the drilling behaviour and surface morphology of the drilled holes. Among the solid drills compared, parabolic drill reveals better cutting behaviour in terms of lower drilling forces and better quality of holes. This may be attributed to the better tool-work piece interaction in case of parabolic drill point geometry.
Association of AT1R polymorphism with hypertension risk: An update meta-analysis based on 28,952 subjects
Authors: Liu Dong-Xing , Zhang Yu-Qing , Hu Bo , Zhang Jianfeng , Zhao Qiang
Published: May 2015

Background:

Previous studies have shown that angiotensin II AT1 receptor gene ( AT1R) polymorphisms are associated with the risk for hypertension. However, the results remain controversial. In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis to systematically summarize the association between AT1R genetic polymorphisms and the risk for hypertension.

Methods:

We searched the literature in PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Wanfang, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases (CNKI) to find case-control studies on the associations of AT1R genetic polymorphisms with the risk for hypertension. The meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.0 software. The association of hypertension risk with AT1R genetic polymorphism was estimated by pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results:

Fifty-six studies involving 28,952 subjects were included in the present meta-analysis. Our results suggest that the polymorphism (A1166C) of AT1R gene is associated with a statistically increased hypertension risk, not only in Asian populations but also in Caucasian populations. We did not find any association in African populations.

Conclusions:

This meta-analysis suggests that A1166C polymorphism in the AT1R gene is associated with the risk of hypertension in Asian and Caucasian populations.
The relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and digestive cancer risk: Insights from a meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Hualing , Cai Chengfu , Ye Linyang , Rao Yiqing , Wang Qingxiang , Hu Dan , Huang Xi
Published: May 2015

Background and objective:

The gene encoding angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has been implicated in the development of several malignancies. We aimed to meta-analyze the association of ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism with digestive cancer risk and seek possible sources of between-study heterogeneity.

Methods:

Two authors independently assessed eligibility of each retrieved publication and gathered relevant data. Risk estimates were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:

Sixteen publications were qualified for analysis, involving 2903 digestive cancer cases and 10,833 controls. Overall analyses failed to show any significance for digestive cancer risk. There was moderate heterogeneity and lower publication bias for overall comparisons. In subgroup analyses, ACE gene II genotype was associated with a 15% reduced risk (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.57–1.27, p=0.434) for gastric cancer, but a 16% increased risk (OR=1.16, 95% CI: 0.89–1.52, p=0.273) for colorectal cancer. By source of controls, the I allele appeared to be a protective factor against digestive cancer in population-based studies (OR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.75–1.00, p=0.055) but a risk-conferring factor in hospital-based studies (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.01–1.35, p=0.033).

Conclusion:

Our findings suggested that ACE gene I allele might be a protective factor against gastric cancer, necessitating further confirmation in large, population-based studies.
Serum urate and obstructive sleep apnoea in severe obesity
Authors: Seetho Ian W , Parker Robert J , Craig Sonya , Duffy Nick , Hardy Kevin J , Wilding John PH , Goodson Nicola J
Published: May 2015

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) may increase the risk of hyperuricaemia and predispose to gout. The evidence for the effects of OSA on serum urate in severe obesity is limited. This study investigated whether OSA was associated with serum urate in severe obesity and whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment was associated with a fall in urate. Severely obese subjects without known OSA or gout were recruited. Baseline assessments included urate, metabolic parameters, spirometry and overnight polysomnography. OSA patients were initially naive to treatment and were offered CPAP. At follow-up, change in urate was compared between CPAP-treated and non-CPAP-treated subjects. A high urate was defined as greater than the median. Logistic regression was performed to identify associations between (1) OSA and high urate at baseline and (2) use of CPAP and change in urate at follow-up. In total, 92 subjects were recruited (61 (66%) OSA and 31 (34%) non-OSA). Median urate was 345 μmol/L. OSA was associated with high urate in females at baseline after adjusting for confounders (adjusted odds ratio ORadj = 10.2; 95% CI: 1.1, 93.5). At follow-up (14 months), 58 subjects (28 on CPAP and 30 not on CPAP) were reassessed. CPAP was significantly associated with a fall to a low urate category at follow-up ( = 0.017). Regression revealed a trend for a fall in urate category in the CPAP-treated group (ORadj = 9.3; 95% CI: 0.8, 97). Serum urate is associated with OSA in severely obese females and CPAP may reduce levels in patients with OSA. There may be a need to consider and assess for OSA in obese patients with hyperuricaemia and recurrent attacks of gout.
Fluorescent protein biosensors applied to microphysiological systems
Authors: Senutovitch Nina , Vernetti Lawrence , Boltz Robert , DeBiasio Richard , Gough Albert , Taylor D Lansing
Published: May 2015

This mini-review discusses the evolution of fluorescence as a tool to study living cells and tissues in vitro and the present role of fluorescent protein biosensors (FPBs) in microphysiological systems (MPSs). FPBs allow the measurement of temporal and spatial dynamics of targeted cellular events involved in normal and perturbed cellular assay systems and MPSs in real time. FPBs evolved from fluorescent analog cytochemistry (FAC) that permitted the measurement of the dynamics of purified proteins covalently labeled with environmentally insensitive fluorescent dyes and then incorporated into living cells, as well as a large list of diffusible fluorescent probes engineered to measure environmental changes in living cells. In parallel, a wide range of fluorescence microscopy methods were developed to measure the chemical and molecular activities of the labeled cells, including ratio imaging, fluorescence lifetime, total internal reflection, 3D imaging, including super-resolution, as well as high-content screening. FPBs evolved from FAC by combining environmentally sensitive fluorescent dyes with proteins in order to monitor specific physiological events such as post-translational modifications, production of metabolites, changes in various ion concentrations, and the dynamic interaction of proteins with defined macromolecules in time and space within cells. Original FPBs involved the engineering of fluorescent dyes to sense specific activities when covalently attached to particular domains of the targeted protein. The subsequent development of fluorescent proteins (FPs), such as the green fluorescent protein, dramatically accelerated the adoption of studying living cells, since the genetic “labeling” of proteins became a relatively simple method that permitted the analysis of temporal–spatial dynamics of a wide range of proteins. Investigators subsequently engineered the fluorescence properties of the FPs for environmental sensitivity that, when combined with targeted proteins/peptides, created a new generation of FPBs. Examples of FPBs that are useful in MPS are presented, including the design, testing, and application in a liver MPS.
Acute pancreatitis with eclampsia-preeclampsia syndrome and poor maternal outcome: two case reports and review of literature
Authors: Gainder Shalini , Arora Parul , Saha SC , Kaman Lileswar
Published: May 2015

Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy is a rare entity and has been reported to be associated with preeclampsia in the literature. Fulminant pancreatitis may have a guarded prognosis despite intensive multidisciplinary management. Two cases of maternal mortality in women with acute pancreatitis noted in the setting of preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome are reported here.
Treatment response, safety, and tolerability of paliperidone extended release treatment in patients recently diagnosed with schizophrenia
Authors: Helldin Lars , Peuskens Joseph , Vauth Roland , Sacchetti Emilio , bij de Weg Haye , Herken Hasan , Lahaye Marjolein , Schreiner Andreas
Published: May 2015

Objective:

This study was designed to explore the efficacy and tolerability of oral paliperidone extended release (ER) in a sample of patients who were switched to flexible doses within the crucial first 5 years after receiving a diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Methods:

Patients were recruited from 23 countries. Adults with nonacute but symptomatic schizophrenia, previously unsuccessfully treated with other oral antipsychotics, were transitioned to paliperidone ER (3–12 mg/day) and prospectively treated for up to 6 months. The primary efficacy outcome for patients switching for the main reason of lack of efficacy with their previous antipsychotic was at least 20% improvement in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total scores. For patients switching for other main reasons, such as lack of tolerability, compliance or ‘other’, the primary outcome was non-inferiority in efficacy compared with the previous oral antipsychotic.

Results:

For patients switching for the main reason of lack of efficacy, 63.1% achieved an improvement of at least 20% in PANSS total scores from baseline to endpoint. For each reason for switching other than lack of efficacy, efficacy maintenance after switching to paliperidone ER was confirmed. Statistically significant improvement in patient functioning from baseline to endpoint, as assessed by the Personal and Social Performance scale, was observed ( p < 0.0001). Treatment satisfaction with prior antipsychotic treatment at baseline was rated ‘good’ to ‘very good’ by 16.8% of patients, and at endpoint by 66.0% of patients treated with paliperidone ER. Paliperidone ER was generally well tolerated, with frequently reported treatment-emergent adverse events being insomnia, anxiety and somnolence.

Conclusions:

Flexibly dosed paliperidone ER was associated with clinically relevant symptomatic and functional improvement in recently diagnosed patients with non-acute schizophrenia previously unsuccessfully treated with other oral antipsychotics.
Perceptions of Primary Care Among Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Christian Allison , Hudson Shawna V. , Miller Suzanne M. , Bator Alicja , Ohman-Strickland Pamela A. , Somer Robert A. , Ferrante Jeanne
Published: May 2015

Background:

Obese breast cancer survivors (BCSs) are impacted by diminished quality of life (QOL), multiple comorbid conditions, and poor disease outcomes. Despite national guidelines recommending a healthy weight to improve QOL and outcomes posttreatment, support and education are not routinely provided to BCSs in primary care. To fill this gap, we assessed perceptions of primary care received among BCSs by weight status.

Methods:

Cross-sectional surveys were administered to early-stage BCSs (N = 188) from 2 New Jersey cancer centers between May 2012 and July 2013. Sociodemographics, medical history, functional health status, perceived satisfaction with one’s primary care provider (PCP), and PCP involvement in follow-up care were assessed.

Results:

In total, 82% of overweight BCSs and 30% of obese BCSs reported not being told by their doctor that they were overweight or obese, despite these conditions being highly prevalent (35% and 35%, respectively). Obese BCSs were more likely than healthy weight BCSs to be African American, have a higher comorbidity score, poorer functional health, and greater satisfaction with their PCPs.

Conclusion:

The PCP–patient encounter may represent an opportunity for PCPs to correct misperceptions and promote weight reduction efforts among BCSs, thus improving QOL and disease outcomes.
Preliminary Results From a Newly Established Behavioral Health Home
Authors: Maragakis Alexandros , RachBeisel Jill , Blount Alexis
Published: May 2015

Objective:

Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) have higher rates of preventable diseases such as diabetes in comparison to the general population. While multifaceted, these high rates of preventable diseases in the population with SMI may be partially attributed to limited access to primary care. A new program, the Behavioral Health Home (BHH), which allows for the delivery of somatic care coordination and population-based care, may provide this population with the much needed somatic coordination and education it requires.

Methods:

The impact of the population-based health management program of the BHH identification and severity rating of glucose metabolism disorders was assessed during the initial 10 months of the BHH.

Results:

Multiple patients were identified who either were not having hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels drawn per recommended guidelines for individuals prescribed antipsychotic medications or were within diabetic range but did not have a diagnosis of diabetes. Mixed results occurred in regard to patients’ HbA1c levels while engaging in the BHH.

Conclusion:

This case study provides some initial evidence for the utility of the BHH in regard to identifying patients who need preventive care.
Preparation, assessment, and comparison of α-chitin nano-fiber films with different surface charges
Authors: Zhang Yan , Jiang Jie , Liu Liang , Zheng Ke , Yu Shiyuan , Fan Yimin
Published: May 2015

Chitin nano-fibers with positive and negative charges have been, respectively, produced from partially deacetylated and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidized α-chitin. The average diameters and lengths of the TEMPO-oxidized chitin nano-fibers (TOChN) were 14 ± 4.3 and 190 ± 140 nm, respectively, and the average diameters and lengths of the partially deacetylated chitin nano-fibers (DEChN) were 6 ± 1.7 and 320 ± 105 nm, respectively. A partially deacetylated chitin nano-fiber film (DEChN-F), a TEMPO-mediated and oxidized chitin nano-fiber film (TOChN-F), and a composite film (DE-TO-ChN-F) consisting of a combination of the two were prepared by drying the dispersions at 40 °C. The DEChN-F, TOChN-F, and DE-TO-ChN-F all have similar tensile strengths of approximately 90 MPa; however, the chitosan film (Chitosan-F) had a tensile strength of approximately 30 MPa. In addition, TOChN-F and DE-TO-ChN-F have a thermal weight loss at 210 °C, and DEChN-F has a thermal weight loss at 280 °C. DEChN-F was found to have antimicrobial activity with regards to Escherichia coli. Finally, the chitin nano-fiber films could be slightly degraded by cellulase, which provided a novel biological performance of the chitin nano-material.