bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laminar streak growth above a spanwise oscillating wall
Authors: Hicks Peter D. , Ricco Pierre
Published: March 2015

The use of spanwise wall oscillations to attenuate the growth of laminar streaks within the incompressible Blasius boundary layer is investigated. As in the case of the flow above a stationary flat plate, studied by Leib et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 380, 1999, pp. 169–203), free-stream convected gusts interact with the boundary layer to drive the streak growth. Spanwise wall oscillations can either reduce or increase the total energy of the laminar streaks, depending upon the wall oscillation amplitude and frequency, as well as the free-stream gust properties. Reductions in streak energies of up to 90 % are obtained, indicating that spanwise wall oscillations are an effective technique for attenuating the laminar streak growth. Therefore they may suppress secondary boundary-layer instabilities and delay transition. The laminar boundary-layer base flow matches the Blasius profile in the streamwise and wall-normal directions, while in the spanwise direction a generalized version of the classical Stokes layer profile (generated by a wall oscillating beneath a quiescent fluid) occurs, which evolves downstream due to non-parallel flow effects. Via a Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin–Jeffreys analysis, this generalized Stokes layer is shown to approach the classical Stokes layer in the limit of large downstream distances or high-frequency plate oscillations. The laminar streaks forced by the generalized and the classical Stokes flows differ significantly, which implies that the choice of the spanwise base flow may affect the secondary instability and transition in this flow. The analysis also proves that the use of the classical Stokes layer as spanwise base flow, as employed by Hack & Zaki (Phys. Fluids. vol. 24 (3), 2012, 034101), is inappropriate.
Perceptual categorization of handling handshapes in British Sign Language
Authors: SEHYR ZED SEVCIKOVA , CORMIER KEARSY
Published: March 2015

abstract

Sign languages like British Sign Language (BSL) include partially lexicalized constructions depicting object handling or manipulation – handling constructions. Object sizes gradiently vary, yet it is unclear whether handling handshapes depict handled objects categorically or gradiently. This study investigates the influence of sign language experience on perception of handling handshapes. Deaf signers and hearing non-signers completed perceptual handshape identification and discrimination tasks. We examined whether deaf BSL signers perceived handshape continua categorically or continuously compared with hearing non-signers, and whether reaction times were modulated by linguistic representations. The results revealed similar binary categorization of dynamically presented handling handshapes as deaf and hearing perceivers displayed higher discrimination accuracy on category boundaries, and lower, but above chance, within-category discrimination, suggesting that perceptual categorization was not uniquely mediated by linguistic experience. However, RTs revealed critical differences between groups in processing times; deaf signers’ RTs reflected stronger category bias and increased sensitivity to boundaries, suggesting underlying linguistic representations. Further, handshape variability within categories influenced deaf signers’ discrimination RTs in a manner that suggested graded category organization, with handshape prototype grounding the category. These findings provide an insight into the internal organization of handling handshapes and highlight the complex relationship between sign language, cognition, and gesture.
Association between 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and the metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults: the Shandong and Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension (SMASH) study
Authors: Ge Zeng , Guo Xiaolei , Chen Xiaorong , Tang Junli , Yan Liuxia , Ren Jie , Zhang Jiyu , Lu Zilong , Dong Jing , Xu Jianwei , Cai Xiaoning , Liang Hao , Ma Jixiang
Published: March 2015

The association of 24 h urinary Na and potassium excretion with the risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been studied in China. The aim of the present study was to examine this association by analysing the data from 1906 study participants living in north China. To this end, 24 h urine samples were collected. Of the 1906 participants, 471 (24·7 %) had the MetS. The mean urinary Na and K excretion was 228·7 and 40·8 mmol/d, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, the odds of the MetS significantly increased across the increasing tertiles of urinary Na excretion (1·00, 1·40 and 1·54, respectively). For the components of the MetS, the odds of central obesity, elevated blood pressure and elevated TAG, but not the odds of low HDL-cholesterol and elevated fasting glucose, significantly increased with the successive tertiles of urinary Na excretion. Furthermore, for every 100 mmol/d increase in urinary Na excretion, the odds of the MetS, central obesity, elevated blood pressure and elevated TAG was significantly increased by 29, 63, 22 and 21 %, respectively. However, urinary K excretion was not significantly associated with the risk of the MetS. These findings suggest that high Na intake might be an important risk factor for the MetS in Chinese adults.
Development and validation of an iodine-specific FFQ to estimate iodine intake in Australian pregnant women
Authors: Condo Dominique , Makrides Maria , Skeaff Sheila , Zhou Shao J.
Published: March 2015

Adequate iodine is important during pregnancy to ensure optimal growth and development of the offspring. We validated an iodine-specific FFQ (I-FFQ) for use in Australian pregnant women. A forty-four-item I-FFQ was developed to assess iodine intake from food and was administered to 122 pregnant women at 28 weeks gestation. Iodine supplement use was captured separately at 28 weeks gestation. Correlation between iodine intake from food estimated using the I-FFQ and a 4 d weighed food record as well as correlation between total iodine intake and 24 h urinary iodine excretion (UIE), 24 h urinary iodine concentration (UIC), spot UIC and thyroid function were assessed at 28 weeks gestation. A moderate correlation between the two dietary methods was shown (r0·349,P< 0·001), and it was strengthened with the addition of iodine supplements (r0·876,P< 0·001). There was a fair agreement (k= 0·28,P< 0·001) between the two dietary measures in the classification of women as receiving adequate ( ≥ 160 μg/d) or inadequate ( < 160 μg/d) iodine intake from food, but the limits of agreement from the Bland–Altman plot were large. Total iodine intake was associated with 24 h UIE (β = 0·488,P< 0·001) but not with spot UIC. Iodine intake from food using the I-FFQ was assessed at study entry ( < 20 weeks gestation) in addition to 28 weeks gestation, and there was a strong correlation in iodine intake at the two time points (r0·622,P< 0·001), which indicated good reproducibility. In conclusion, the I-FFQ provides a valid tool for estimating iodine intake in pregnant women and can be used to screen women who are at risk of inadequate intake.
A link in the chain of the Cambrian zooplankton: bradoriid arthropods invade the water column
Authors: WILLIAMS MARK , VANDENBROUCKE THIJS R. A. , PERRIER VINCENT , SIVETER DAVID J. , SERVAIS THOMAS
Published: March 2015

Bradoriids are small bivalved arthropods that had global distribution for about 20 million years beginning at Cambrian Epoch 2 (c. 521 Ma). The majority of bradoriids are considered to be benthic, favouring oxygenated waters, as suggested by their anatomy, lithofacies distribution, faunal associates and provinciality. Most bradoriids were extinct by the end of the Drumian Age (middle of Cambrian Epoch 3). The post-Drumian is characterized by widespread dysoxic shelf lithofacies in southern Britain and Scandinavia and by the abundance of phosphatocopid arthropods. This interval is also associated with two bradoriid species with wide intercontinental distribution:Anabarochilina primordialis, which had a geographical range from the palaeo-tropics to high southern palaeo-latitude, andAnabarochilina australis, which extended through the palaeo-tropics from Laurentia to Gondwana. The wide environmental and geographical range of these species, coupled with a carapace anatomy that suggests an active lifestyle, is used to infer a zooplanktonic lifestyle. A possible driver of this widespread Cambrian bradoriid zooplankton was sea-level rise coupled to the periodic spread of low oxygen conditions onto continental shelves, acting in tandem with anatomical pre-adaptations for swimming. Parallels exist with the myodocope ostracod colonization of the water column during Silurian time, which may also have been influenced by extrinsic environmental controls acting on anatomical pre-adaptations for swimming. Similar biological and environmental mechanisms may have facilitated arthropod zooplankton colonizations across Phanerozoic time.
The Self-Respect Movement and Tamil Politics of Belonging in Interwar British Malaya, 1929–1939
Authors: ALAGIRISAMY DARINEE
Published: March 2015

This article explores ideas of belonging that gained prominence among Indian Tamils in interwar British Malaya by revisiting a transnational dialogue that has been under-represented in the community's history. Through an analysis of the developments that unfolded during and in the decade following Periyar E. V. Ramasamy's first visit to Malaya in 1929, it positions the diaspora within the politics of a reform movement that had a profound impact on Tamil cultural and political consciousness in two colonial societies. Having originated in the former Madras Presidency, the Self-Respect movement entered Malaya at a time when both societies were engulfed in momentous change. Led by the middle class, the movement's subsequent ‘Malayanization’ raised salient questions of political allegiance as it was adapted, challenged, and ultimately reapplied to India in the interest of defending the Tamil homeland. Through an analysis of the contentious loyalties that Malayan Self-Respecters encouraged, and the responses that surfaced in the process, this article will demonstrate that the movement opened up critical new discursive spaces through which the diaspora engaged with its ‘home’ and ‘host’ societies.
The Changing Shape of English Life Tables
Authors: Forfar D. O. , Smith D. M.
Published: March 2015

1. In a paper to the Institute of Actuaries (JIA 107, p. 49) Heligman and Pollard fitted certain mathematical curves to Australian national mortality. They showed that a good fit could be obtained throughout the whole of life with the following curve:
PLANNED AND ONGOING PROJECTS (POP) DATABASE: DEVELOPMENT AND RESULTS
Authors: Wild Claudia , Erdös Judit , Warmuth Marisa , Hinterreiter Gerda , Krämer Peter , Chalon Patrice
Published: March 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to present the development, structure and results of a database on planned and ongoing health technology assessment (HTA) projects (POP Database) in Europe.

Methods: The POP Database (POP DB) was set up in an iterative process from a basic Excel sheet to a multifunctional electronic online database. The functionalities, such as the search terminology, the procedures to fill and update the database, the access rules to enter the database, as well as the maintenance roles, were defined in a multistep participatory feedback loop with EUnetHTA Partners.

Results: The POP Database has become an online database that hosts not only the titles and MeSH categorizations, but also some basic information on status and contact details about the listed projects of EUnetHTA Partners. Currently, it stores more than 1,200 planned, ongoing or recently published projects of forty-three EUnetHTA Partners from twenty-four countries. Because the POP Database aims to facilitate collaboration, it also provides a matching system to assist in identifying similar projects. Overall, more than 10 percent of the projects in the database are identical both in terms of pathology (indication or disease) and technology (drug, medical device, intervention). In addition, approximately 30 percent of the projects are similar, meaning that they have at least some overlap in content.

Conclusions: Although the POP DB is successful concerning regular updates of most national HTA agencies within EUnetHTA, little is known about its actual effects on collaborations in Europe. Moreover, many non-nationally nominated HTA producing agencies neither have access to the POP DB nor can share their projects.
ENDPOINTS FOR RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS ASSESSMENT (REA) OF PHARMACEUTICALS
Authors: Pavlovic Mira , Teljeur Conor , Wieseler Beate , Klemp Marianne , Cleemput Irina , Neyt Mattias
Published: March 2015

Objectives: Clinical endpoints are defined as valid measures of clinical benefit or harm due to treatment, that describe the impact of treatment on how a patient feels, functions, and survives. The choice of endpoints and the manner in which they are reported have a major impact on the relative effectiveness assessment (REA) of pharmaceuticals. The aim of this article is to describe the guideline development process and the key findings that set a framework for appropriate use of endpoints in REAs in Europe.

Methods: A multi-health technology assessment (HTA)-agency collaborative process in EUnetHTA JA1 was used to scope, draft, and finalize methodological guidelines for REA in Europe.

Results: Patient-relevant clinical endpoints can be broadly categorized into: mortality, morbidity and health-related quality of life. A clinical endpoint is a main symptom or sign of a disease that is clinically relevant, valid, reproducible and responsive to change. Preference is for long-term or final endpoints whenever possible. Surrogate endpoints may be used when there is compelling evidence of a clear and consistent correlation of treatment effects on the surrogate and final outcome of interest.

Conclusions: The relevance and hierarchy of the different types of clinical endpoints depend on the research question, disease, and the treatment investigated. Not only the primary endpoint, but also other relevant endpoints are assessed in comparison to adequate comparator(s). This simultaneous assessment of all relevant endpoints is a hallmark of REA.
Age and Death: A Defence of Gradualism
Authors: MILLUM JOSEPH
Published: March 2015

According to standard comparativist views, death is bad in so far as it deprives someone of goods she would otherwise have had. In The Ethics of Killing, Jeff McMahan argues against such views and in favour of a gradualist account according to which how bad it is to die is a function of both the future goods of which the decedent is deprived and her cognitive development when she dies. Comparativists and gradualists therefore disagree about how bad it is to die at different ages. In this article I examine two prominent criticisms of gradualism and show that both misconstrue McMahan. I develop a related criticism that seems to show that a gradualist cannot coherently relate morbidity and mortality. This criticism also fails, but has an instructive implication for how policy-makers setting priorities for health care investments should regard choices between life-saving interventions and interventions against non-fatal diseases in the very young.
Investigating lexical proficiency development over time – the case of Dutch-speaking learners of French in Brussels
Authors: BULTÉ BRAM , HOUSEN ALEX , PIERRARD MICHEL , VAN DAELE SISKA
Published: March 2015

This article aims (a) to explore the operationalisation and definition of lexical L2 proficiency and related constructs with a view to identifying a set of measures that can adequately capture the dynamics of lexical L2 proficiency development over time, and (b) to shed more light on the development of lexical proficiency in French Foreign Language classes. After a discussion of theoretical, terminological and methodological issues in L2 vocabulary research, we present a longitudinal quantitative study of the lexical development of Dutch-speaking adolescents learning FFL in Dutch-medium schools in Brussels over a three-year period and compare these learners' lexical proficiency in French to native speaker benchmarks.
Duplicated left pulmonary artery: an unknown disease? Three case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Giudici Valentina , Kanani Mazyar , Muthialu Nagarajan , Carr Michelle , Calder Alistair D. , Owens Catherine M. , Cook Andrew C. , Marek Jan
Published: March 2015

We report three cases of an abnormal finding of duplicated left pulmonary artery: two of these occurring in children with Kabuki syndrome and configuring the setting of a pseudo-pulmonary sling without any clinical or cardiac cross-sectional evidence of tracheal compression. The other case instead represents duplicated left pulmonary artery with pulmonary sling caused by the retro-tracheal course of the lower left pulmonary artery associated with “Christmas Tree” arrangement of the tracheo-bronchial system.

In both patients with pseudo-pulmonary sling and Kabuki syndrome, the abnormal finding was incidental during echocardiographic examination and neither of the patients required surgical repair for the condition. To the best of our knowledge, they represent the third and fourth cases in which such an anomaly of the pulmonary artery branches not forming a sling is seen in association with Kabuki syndrome. Another case represents our second experience and the second case reported in literature with duplicated left pulmonary artery in the setting of a complex tracheal anatomy. In this symptomatic patient, surgical repair of atrial septal defect and relief of the vascular ring were indicated, and the surgical repair was performed successfully at the age of 3 years.
What Do We Know that Varèse Didn’t?
Authors: Fischman Rajmil
Published: March 2015

This article reflects on significant technological, musical and cultural processes that took place since Varèse envisioned the concept oforganised sound: understanding these processes may provide a strategic vantage point from which to gain insight into our evolving attitude to modern aesthetic and technological development and thus formulate informed strategic decisions concerning our relationship with the latter. The discussion begins by focusing on technological processes, including accelerated change, cycles of enhancement, obsolescence, retrieval and reversal, and the non-neutrality of technology. This is followed by a focus on musical issues resulting from the decoupling of sound control from sound production, interactivity, the expansion towards time-based media and the possible active role of audiences in the realisation of music. Discussion is then posited within the wider cultural context of modernism and the postmodern era, the eroding popular/art divide and the obsolescence of music as a cultural artefact resulting from technological change. This leads to the conclusion, which identifies tentative learning outcomes that may be helpful in formulating future strategic decisions.
Listening With Machines: A shared approach
Authors: Emmerson Simon
Published: March 2015

The aim of this article is to review the last twenty years of ‘machine listening’1 to sound and music, and to suggest a balanced approach to the human–machine relationship for the future. How might machine listening, and MIR2-based ideas of data storage, retrieval and presentation enhance both our embodied experience of the music and its more reflective study (analysis)? While the issues raised may be pertinent to almost any music, the focus will remain on electroacoustic music in its many forms, whether for interactive composition, performance or analytical endeavour. I suggest a model of listening with – that is, alongside – machines in such a way that our skills may be enhanced. What can we share with machines to mutual advantage?
‘Life does not make it easy to breast-feed’: using the socio-ecological framework to determine social breast-feeding obstacles in a low-income population in Tijuana, Mexico
Authors: Bueno-Gutierrez Diana , Chantry Caroline
Published: March 2015

Objective

Breast-feeding rates reflect sociodemographic discrepancies. In Mexico, exclusive breast-feeding under 6 months of age has deteriorated among the poor, rural and indigenous populations from 1999 to 2012. Our objective of the present study was to identify the main social obstacles to breast-feeding in a low-income population in Tijuana, Mexico.

Design

Qualitative study using a socio-ecological framework for data collection.

Setting

Low-income communities in Tijuana, Mexico.

Subjects

Mothers (n66), fathers (n11), grandparents (n27) and key informants (n25).

Results

One hundred and twenty-nine individuals participated in the study: six focus groups (n53) and fifty-one interviews among mothers, fathers and grandparents; and twenty-five interviews among key informants. Seven social themes were identified: (i) embarrassment to breast-feed in public; (ii) migrant experience; (iii) women’s role in society; (iv) association of formula with higher social status; (v) marketing by the infant food industry; (vi) perception of a non-breast-feeding culture; and (vii) lack of breast-feeding social programmes.

Conclusions

Socio-structural factors influence infant feeding practices in low-income communities in Tijuana. We hypothesize that messages emphasizing Mexican traditions along with modern healthy practices could help to re-establish and normalize a breast-feeding culture in this population. The target audience for these messages should not be limited to mothers but also include family, health-care providers, the work environment and society as a whole.
Risk for chronic kidney disease increases with obesity: Health Survey for England 2010
Authors: MacLaughlin Helen L , Hall Wendy L , Sanders Thomas AB , Macdougall Iain C
Published: March 2015

Objective

Studies of the relationship between obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in nationally representative population samples are limited. Our study aimed to determine if overweight and obesity were independently associated with the risk for CKD in the 2010 Health Survey for England (HSE).

Design

The HSE is an annually conducted cross-sectional study. In 2010 serum creatinine was included to determine the incidence of CKD in the population. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min per 1·73 m2 using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to calculate odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for CKD risk by BMI (reference category: BMI=18·5–24·9 kg/m2) and adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, smoking, diabetes and hypertension.

Setting

A random sample of nationally representative households in England.

Subjects

Adults (n 3463) with calculable eGFR and BMI were included.

Results

The prevalence of CKD was 5·9 %. The risk of CKD was over 2·5 times higher in obese participants compared with normal-weight participants in the fully adjusted model (BMI=30·0–39·9 kg/m2: adjusted OR=2·78 (95 % CI 1·75, 4·43); BMI ≥ 40·0 kg/m2: adjusted OR=2·68 (95 % CI 1·05, 6·85)).

Conclusions

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of CKD in a national sample of the UK population, even after adjustment for known CKD risk factors, which may have implications for CKD screening and future national health service planning and delivery.
The preventive effect of breast-feeding for longer than 6 months on early pubertal development among children aged 7–9 years in Korea
Authors: Lee Hye Ah , Kim Young Ju , Lee Hwayoung , Gwak Hye Sun , Hong Young Sun , Kim Hae Soon , Park Eun Ae , Cho Su Jin , Ha Eun Hee , Park Hyesook
Published: March 2015

Objective

The present study was performed to investigate whether breast-feeding is associated with early pubertal development among children 7–9 years old in Korea.

Design

Children were divided into those who did and did not receive breast-feeding for 6 months or longer in accordance with the recommendations of the WHO. Pubertal status was determined by clinical examination using Tanner staging.

Setting

Prospective observational study.

Subjects

We conducted a follow-up study of children aged 7–9 years in 2011 who had taken part in the Ewha Birth & Growth Cohort study.

Results

Fifty (22·8 %) of the total of 219 children were in early puberty, with the proportion being slightly higher for girls (24·1 %) than boys (21·4 %). Children who had entered early puberty were taller, weighed more and had a higher concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1. Moreover, the change in weight Z-score from birth to follow-up was significantly lower in children who were breast-fed than in those who were not (weight Z-score change: 0·32 (sd 1·59) v. 0·77 (sd 1·61), respectively, P=0·04). Comparison of breast-feeding by puberty status indicated a preventive association with early puberty in children who were breast-fed for 6 months or longer (OR=0·37; 95 % CI 0·18, 0·74). This association remained significant after adjustment for relevant covariates.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate a beneficial association between breast-feeding and early pubertal development, especially in those breast-fed for 6 months or longer. The study suggests that interventions would need to start early in life to prevent early pubertal development.
Review of surface dose detectors in radiotherapy
Authors: O'Shea E. , McCavana P.
Published: March 2015

Several instruments have been used to measure absorbed radiation dose under non-electronic equilibrium conditions, such as in the build-up region or near the interface between two different media, including the surface. Many of these detectors are discussed in this paper. A common method of measuring the absorbed dose distribution and electron contamination in the build-up region of high-energy beams for radiation therapy is by means of parallel-plate ionisation chambers. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), diodes and radiographic film have also been used to obtain surface dose measurements. The diamond detector was used recently by the author in an investigation on the effects of beam-modifying devices on skin dose and it is also described in this report.
Calypso’s array attenuation
Authors: Silva Célia , Mateus Dalila , Vieira Sandra , Rodrigues Milton , Eiras Margarida , Greco Carlo
Published: March 2015

Introduction

The Calypso 4D Localization System gives the possibility to track the tumour during treatment, with no additional ionising radiation delivered. To monitor the patient continuously an array is positioned above the patient during the treatment. We intend to study, for various gantry angles, the attenuation effect of the array for 6- and 10 MV and flattening filter free (FFF) 6- and FFF 10 MV photon beams.

Materials and methods

Measurements were performed using an ion chamber placed in a slab phantom positioned at the linac isocenter for 6 MV, 10 MV, FFF 6 MV and FFF 10 MV photon beams. Measurements were performed with and without array above the phantom for 0°, 10°, 20°, 40° and 50° beam angle for a True Beam STx linac, for 5×5 and 10×10 and 15×15 cm2 field size beams to evaluate the attenuation of the array. A VMAT treatment plan was measured using an ArcCheck with and without the array in the beam path.

Results and discussion

Attenuation measured values were up to 3%. Attenuation values were between 1 and 2% with the exception of the 30°–50° gantry angles which were up to 3.3%. The ratio values calculated in the ArcCheck for relative dose and absolute dose 10 were both 1·00.

Conclusion

Attenuation of the treatment beam by the Calypso array is within acceptable limits.
Is It Gender, Religiosity or Both? A Role Congruity Theory of Candidate Electability in Transitional Tunisia
Authors: Benstead Lindsay J. , Jamal Amaney A. , Lust Ellen
Published: March 2015

Do voters regard male and female candidates equally? Does apparent religiosity of candidates help or hurt their electoral chances? Where biases exist, what explains them? We present a novel explanation of political bias, drawing from role congruity theory. It posits that political contexts shape citizens' perceptions of qualities that make a “capable leader,” which subsequently drives their willingness to vote for candidates. Evidence from a survey experiment embedded in the 2012 Tunisian Post-Election Survey demonstrates that this theory explains biases based on gender and religiosity better than dominant modernization and social identity theories. Moreover, these mechanisms are also likely to drive political biases related to other features and in other countries. This has important implications for policymakers aiming to reduce political biases in Tunisia, the MENA, or globally. It should encourage them to pay careful attention to stereotyped traits of underrepresented groups and successful leaders, and to use institutional solutions (e.g., electoral quotas) to shape expectations about underrepresented groups and leadership.
JD3 – 3D Views of the Cycling Sun in Stellar Context: Overview
Authors: van Driel-Gesztelyi Lidia , Schrijver Carolus J.
Published: March 2015

We summarise the motivations and main results of the joint discussion “3D Views of the Cycling Sun in Stellar Context”, and give credit to contributed talks and poster presentations, as due to the limited number of pages, this proceedings could only include contributions from the keynote speakers.
The Evolution of the Solar Magnetic Field
Authors: Hoeksema J. Todd
Published: March 2015

The almost stately evolution of the global heliospheric magnetic field pattern during most of the solar cycle belies the intense dynamic interplay of photospheric and coronal flux concentrations on scales both large and small. The statistical characteristics of emerging bipoles and active regions lead to development of systematic magnetic patterns. Diffusion and flows impel features to interact constructively and destructively, and on longer time scales they may help drive the creation of new flux. Peculiar properties of the components in each solar cycle determine the specific details and provide additional clues about their sources. The interactions of complex developing features with the existing global magnetic environment drive impulsive events on all scales. Predominantly new-polarity surges originating in active regions at low latitudes can reach the poles in a year or two. Coronal holes and polar caps composed of short-lived, small-scale magnetic elements can persist for months and years. Advanced models coupled with comprehensive measurements of the visible solar surface, as well as the interior, corona, and heliosphere promise to revolutionize our understanding of the hierarchy we call the solar magnetic field.
Solar Convection and Mean Flows
Authors: Miesch Mark S.
Published: March 2015

We briefly review our current understanding of how the solar differential rotation and meridional circulation are maintained, which has important implications for understanding cyclic magnetic activity in the Sun and stars.
Simulating Solar Global Magnetism in 3-D
Authors: Brun A. S. , Strugarek A.
Published: March 2015

We briefly present recent progress using the ASH code to model in 3-D the solar convection, dynamo and its coupling to the deep radiative interior. We show how the presence of a self-consistent tachocline influences greatly the organization of the magnetic field and modifies the thermal structure of the convection zone leading to realistic profiles of the mean flows as deduced by helioseismology.
Stellar Variability Observed with Kepler
Authors: Jenkins Jon M. , Gilliland Ronald L. , Meibom Soeren , Walkowicz Lucianne , Borucki William J. , Caldwell Douglas A. ,   the Kepler Science Team
Published: March 2015

The Kepler photometer was launched in March 2009 initiating NASA's search for Earth-size planets orbiting in the habitable zone of their star. After three years of science operations, Kepler has proven to be a veritable cornucopia of science results, both for exoplanets and for astrophysics. The phenomenal photometric precision and continuous observations required in order to identify small, rocky transiting planets enables the study of a large range of phenomena contributing to stellar variability for many thousands of solar-like stars in Kepler's field of view in exquisite detail. These effects range from <1 ppm acoustic oscillations on timescales from a few minutes and longward, to flares on timescales of hours, to spot-induced modulation on timescales of days to weeks to activity cycles on timescales of months to years. Recent improvements to the science pipeline have greatly enhanced Kepler's ability to reject instrumental signatures while better preserving intrinsic stellar variability, opening up the timescales for study well beyond 10 days. We give an overview of the stellar variability we see across the full range of spectral types observed by Kepler, from the cool, small red M stars to the hot, large late A stars, both in terms of amplitude as well as timescale. We also present a picture of what the extended mission will likely bring to the field of stellar variability as we progress from a 3.5 year mission to a 7.5+ year mission.
Molecular gas properties in early-type galaxies
Authors: Bayet Estelle , Bureau Martin , Davis Tim , Young Lisa , Crocker Alison ,   the ATLAS 3D team
Published: March 2015

We present detailed study of the physical properties of the molecular gas in a sample of 18 gas-rich early-type galaxies -ETGs- from the ATLAS3D sample. Our goal is to better understand the star formation processes occurring in those galaxies, starting in this work by determining the properties of their molecular star-forming gas. Such study has never been performed before for ETGs and open a new window for exploring the star formation processes in the Universe. We use here the 12CO(1-0, 2-1), 13CO(1-0, 2-1), HCN(1-0) and HCO+(1-0) transitions already obtained (Krips et al. 2010 and Crocker et al. 2012 and new detections of the 12CO(3-2) line that we present too (see Bayet et al. 2012, re-submitted). From this dataset, we derive the average H2 kinetic temperature, H2 volume density and column density of the emitting gas using a non-Local Thermodynamical Equilibrium theoretical approach. For most of the gas-rich ETGs included in our sample, the CO transitions can be reproduced by gas kinetic temperatures between 10-20 K, densities of 103−4 cm−3 and CO column densities of 1018–20 cm−2. Since the CO lines trace different physical conditions than those required to emit the HCN and HCO+ lines, they are treated separately. The physical parameters corresponding to the HCN and HCO+ gas component suffer from large uncertainties and have to be considered as indicative only. In this study, for the first time, we also compare the predicted CO spectral line energy distributions of our gas-rich ETGs and their gas properties with those of a sample of nearby well-studied disc galaxies. The gas excitation conditions in 12/18 early-type galaxies appear analogous to those in the center fo Milky Way, hence the star formation activity driving these conditions may be of a similar strength and nature. The conclusions drawn have to be nevertheless considered carefully since they are based only on a limited number of observations. We show from our models that the 12CO(6-5) line emission is particularly useful for improving these results.
Extreme Horizontal Branch Stars in Passively Evolving Early Type Galaxies
Authors: Hernández-Pérez Fabiola , Bruzual Gustavo
Published: March 2015

We study the effects of including binary star evolution in population synthesis models. We use the Hurley et al. (2002) code to compute binary star evolutionary tracks, and follow the procedure by Han et al. (2002), in particular, the two 2HeWD merger channel, to form EHB stars from a binary pair. We apply the resulting models to study UV excess ETGs.
Herschel-ATLAS: Dusty early-type galaxies
Authors: Rowlands K. , Dunne L. , Maddox S. ,   the Herschel-ATLAS and GAMA collaborations
Published: March 2015

Early-type galaxies (ETGs) are thought to be devoid of dust and star-formation, having formed most of their stars at early epochs. We present the detection of the dustiest ETGs in a large-area blind submillimetre survey with Herschel (H-ATLAS, Eales et al.2010), where the lack of pre-selection in other bands makes it the first unbiased survey for cold dust in ETGs. The parent sample of 1087 H-ATLAS galaxies in this study have a ⩾ 5σ detection at 250μm, a reliable optical counterpart to the submillimetre source (Smith et al.2011) and a spectroscopic redshift from the GAMA survey (Driver et al.2011). Additionally, we construct a control sample of 1052 optically selected galaxies undetected at 250μm and matched in stellar mass to the H-ATLAS parent sample to eliminate selection effects. ETGs were selected from both samples via visual classifications using SDSS images. Further details can be found in Rowlands et al. (2012). Physical parameters are derived for each galaxy using the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code of da Cunha, Charlot and Elbaz (2008), Smith et al.2012, using an energy balance argument. We investigate the differences between the dusty ETGs and the general ETG population, and find that the H-ATLAS ETGs are more than an order of magnitude dustier than the control ETGs. The mean dust mass of the 42 H-ATLAS ETGs is 5.5 × 107M⊙ (comparable to the dust mass of spirals in our sample), whereas the dust mass of the 233 control ETGs inferred from stacking at optical positions on the 250μm map is (0.8 - 4.0) × 106M⊙ for 25-15 K dust. The average star-formation rate of the H-ATLAS ETGs is 1.0 dex higher than that of control ETGs, and the mean r-band light-weighted age of the H-ATLAS ETGs is 1.8 Gyr younger than the control ETGs. The rest-frame NUV - r colours of the H-ATLAS ETGs are 1.0 magnitudes bluer than the control ETGs, and some ETGs may be transitioning from the blue cloud to the red sequence. Some H-ATLAS ETGs show signs of morphological disturbance and may have undergone recent rejuvenation of their ISM via gas and dust delivered by mergers. It is found that late-type stars cannot produce enough dust to account for that observed in the H-ATLAS ETGs. This indicates that either an external source of dust from mergers is required, a substantial amount of dust grain growth must occur in the ISM, or dust destruction by hot X-ray gas is less efficient than predicted.
Comets: extremal states and their observational manifestations
Authors: Subhon Ibadov , Ibodov Firuz S.
Published: March 2015

Current status and prospects of further investigations are considered for: 1.Anomaly distribution of Na-atoms emission in the cometary heads; 2. Mechanisms of X-ray generation in comets; 3. Evolution of sungrazing comets near the Sun.
Location of the upper border of the cavity excavated after the Deep Impact collision
Authors: Ipatov Sergei I.
Published: March 2015

The distance between the pre-impact surface of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 and the upper border of the largest cavity with dust and gas under pressure excavated after the collision of the impact module of the Deep Impact spacecraft with the comet is estimated to be about 6 m if the diameter of the transient crater was about 200 m. This result suggests that cavities containing dust and gas under pressure located a few meters below surfaces of comets can be frequent.
Chemical Enrichment of the Solar System by Stellar Ejecta
Authors: Kwok Sun
Published: March 2015

Spectroscopic observations of evolved stars have shown signatures of aromatic and aliphatic compounds. This suggests that complex organics with chemical structures similar to those of insoluble organic matter (IOM) found in carbonaceous meteorites are made in stars. This raises the possibility that in addition to known pre-solar grains such as silicon carbide, organic star dust may also have traveled across the Galaxy to the Solar System.
Meteor Showers of the Earth-crossing Asteroids
Authors: Pulat Babadzhanov , Gulchekhra Kokhirova
Published: March 2015

The results of search for meteor showers associated with the asteroids crossing the Earthfs orbit and moving on comet-like orbits are given. It was shown that among 2872 asteroids discovered till 1.01.2005 and belonging to the Apollo and Amor groups, 130 asteroids have associated meteor showers and, therefore, are the extinct cometary nuclei.
Time and frequency transfer with the ESA/CNES ACES-PHARAO mission
Authors: Delva P. , Le Poncin-Lafitte C. , Laurent P. , Meynadier F. , Wolf P.
Published: March 2015

We have written a theoretical description of one-way and two-way satellite time and frequency transfer and developed a model of the micro-wave link in the frame of the ACES/PHARAO mission. This is used to write a data analysis software and a simulation to test it. A very short description of the mission and of the micro-wave link is given here. A detailed description can be found in Delva et al., 2012, Proceedings of the EFTF, Gothenburg, Sweden, arXiv:1206.6239.
Gaia promises for the reference frame
Authors: Mignard F.
Published: March 2015

Expectations of the Gaia astrometry mission regarding the realisation of an optical kinematical reference frame based on extragalactic sources are summarized.
INPOP: evolution, applications, and perspectives
Authors: Fienga A. , Laskar J. , Manche H. , Gastineau M. , Verma A.
Published: March 2015

The INPOP ephemerides have undergone several improvements since the last INPOP10a release (Fienga et al. 2011). Improvements in the asteroid mass determinations have been made and the effect of the solar corona has also been investigated (Verma et al. 2012). Since 2010 and INPOP10a, in anticipation to IAU resolution B2, the au is fixed in the INPOP construction while the mass of the Sun is fitted. Descriptions of tests of general relativity made with INPOP10a are recalled here. Perspectives about Messenger data analysis and new gravity tests are finally introduced.
Spectroscopic evidence of multiple populations in globular clusters
Authors: Gratton R. , Lucatello S. , Carretta E. , Bragaglia A.
Published: March 2015

We review spectroscopic evidence of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters. First, we lay down the basic data: the C-N, Na-O, Mg-Al anti-correlations among red giants and main sequence stars, and discuss how they appear to be general properties of globular clusters, in spite of cluster-to-cluster differences. We will then describe what is currently known about He from spectroscopy. We will then present the implications and current observations for the interpretation of the horizontal branches, showing that the multiple population phenomenon is strongly related to the distribution of stars along them. We will briefly mention the spectroscopic evidence related to some less understood cases, like the clusters with multiple subgiant branches. Finally, we summarize the relation between multiple populations and general properties for globular clusters, and their implications for the formation scenario.
Multiple Populations in Globular Clusters – The Spectroscopic View
Authors: Cohen Judith G.
Published: March 2015

I review the evidence supporting and characterizing multiple populations within globular clusters (GCs) based on spectroscopy, i.e. on abundance variations within the stellar population of an individual GC, which dates back to almost 40 years ago. I discuss some of my recent work in this area.
The pollution of the interstellar medium from AGB stars in Globular Clusters
Authors: Ventura Paolo , Carini Roberta
Published: March 2015

We discuss the yields from Asymptotic Giant Branch stars, depending on their mass and metallicity. In agreement with previous investigations, we find that the extent of Hot Bottom Burning increases with mass. The yields of models with chemistry typical of high–metallicity Globular Clusters, i.e. Z = 0.008, show only a modest depletion of magnesium, and an oxgen depletion of ~ 0.4 dex. Low–metallicity yields show a much stronger magnesium depletion, and a dramatic drop in the oxygen content, ~ 1.2dex smaller than the initial value. We suggest that the Globular Cluster NGC 2419 is a possible target to the hypothesis of the self–enrichment scenario of Globular Clusters by the winds of Asymptotic Giant Branch stars.
Connections between MWG Star Clusters and Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Venn Kim A.
Published: March 2015

It seems that in the past decade, there have been two paradigm shifts regarding star clusters. Firstly, the observational evidence for multiple stellar populations requires more extended and often complex star formation histories in star clusters. Secondly, theoretical models that form globular clusters in dwarf galaxies that are accreted at very early epochs (z > 5) are able to reproduce the age-metallicity relations observed. For the accretion scenario to be viable, globular clusters should also resemble the chemistry of at least some dwarf galaxies.
The role of resonances in the evolution of galactic disks
Authors: Lepine Jacques , Scarano Sergio , Andrievsky Sergei , de Barros Douglas A. , Junqueira Thiago C.
Published: March 2015

Resonances play an important role in the evolution of the disks of spiral galaxies, and in particular in the chemical abundance evolution. The dominant effect is that of corotation; this effect can be even used as a tool to estimate the age of the present spiral arm pattern, which are usually found to be long-lived, contrary to a recent common belief. We investigated a sample of galaxies for which the corotation radius is known and for which there are available in the literature measurements of abundance gradients for Oxygen. A very good correlation is found between corotation radii and the radii at which there is a break in the slope of the gradients. The gradients are usually decreasing in the inner regions and become flat or rising at larger radii. In several galaxies, including the Milky Way, one observes not only a change in the slope of the abundance gradient, but also an abrupt step in metallicity, at corotation. This step is due to the fact that corotation separates the disk of a galaxy in two regions (inside corotation and outside corotation) which are isolated one from the other, so that the two sides evolve in an independent way. The barrier between the two regions is produced by the flow of gas in opposite directions in the two sides and by the ring-shaped void of gas observed at corotation. Besides this, an independent effect of corotation is a minimum of star formation associated with the minimum velocity at which the spiral arms (seen as potential wells) are fed with interstellar gas. Still another effect is the scattering of stars by the resonance, which causes their migration to different galactic radii. Other resonances, like 4:1, have properties almost opposite to corotation; they stimulate star-formation, and tend to gather the stars in the resonant orbit, instead of scattering them out, as shown by numerical simulations. Due to this property, one can see arms which have the shape of resonant stellar orbits, which depart from logarithmic spirals.