bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Daisy's “Advertisement of the Man”: An Evasive Self-Revelation
Authors: Purdon Liam O.
Published: December 2018

Daisy's Chapter 7 reference in The Great Gatsby to the “advertisement of the man,” an evasion in the Buchanans' salon to draw attention away from her previous oblique admission of love for Gatsby, reveals something important about her thinking and character as well as something important about F. Scott Fitzgerald's magazine reading when working on the novel. Not a reference to the illustrated Arrow Collar Man, but rather to an advertising first, an advertisement including the photograph of an actual man, this evasion demonstrates a shrewd maneuver on Fitzgerald's part of appealing to his readership's “Smart Set” while providing a visual consumerist sartorial metaphor of Gatsby's uniqueness of character, the dashing and singular constancy of purpose that attracted Daisy to him in the first place.
The Great Nick: Performing Authorial Masculinity inThe Great Gatsby
Authors: Onderdonk Todd
Published: December 2018

This article examines Nick Carraway as an author surrogate who directs critical attention to revisions by F. Scott Fitzgerald of his “authorial masculinity,” a quantity found wanting by critics of his previous works in highly gendered language. Seeking to cultivate critical esteem from advocates of the modernist avant-garde, Fitzgerald created his partially involved narrator to redress criticisms of his lack of manly objectivity and intellectual authority, and his “womanish” romanticism. Nick showcases toughminded authorial traits framed as masculine in the text, distinctly modernist capabilities dramatized through an analytical focus on the value of romanticism itself, personified in Gatsby. Nick performs Fitzgerald's own impersonal mastery of the paradox of “American” romanticism, illusory and fatal, yet a motive force for human endeavor that the novel famously types as a national characteristic. The article suggests how Nick's performance may have been crucial in helping Fitzgerald achieve the critical esteem underlying his current canonicity.
Avaliações institucionais e de sistemas na formação de professores em Educação Física na América Latina
Authors: Santos Wagner Dos , Paula Sayonara Cunha de , Stieg Ronildo
Published: December 2018

Investiga como a avaliação institucional e de sistemas é prescrita nos currículos dos cursos de formação de professores em Educação Física em oito países da América Latina. Utiliza como fontes 22 planos de disciplinas de avaliação educacional. A temática se apresenta em 19% e 23% dos planos, respectivamente. Sobre a avaliação institucional as disciplinas tematizam sua definição, instrumentos, critérios, procedimentos e resultados, entendendo-a como importante ferramenta coletiva. Já as avaliações de sistemas têm como intuito apresentar as provas nacionais e internacionais, discutindo seus componentes e estruturas. Os dados revelam que os sistemas nacionais e internacionais de avaliação se diferem entre os países assumindo diferentes nomenclaturas, período em que se aplicam, público alvo e áreas abordadas, no entanto é possível perceber um movimento de alinhamento do conhecimento a ser avaliado. Nessa direção, identificamos a preocupação das disciplinas em possibilitar que o professor em formação conheça a estrutura dessas avaliações em nível nacional e internacional.
Integrated Reporting: The Changing Nature of Accounting Profession
Authors: Bachoo Tishta
Published: December 2018

Integrated Reporting (IR) is a new concept which has been receiving considerable attention from the global community since the formation of the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) in 2010. Mauritius is a fast developing country where IR has gained growing traction over the last three years. It is important to understand the potential for IR in this island where sustainable development must be central to economic thinking as the island state has to preserve its resources in the long run. The purpose of this paper to find out the organizational benefits and implementation challenges of preparing an Integrated Report in Mauritius. It is also extended to identify the knowledge and skills employers perceive relevant for future accounting graduates. A survey is carried out to extract responses from report preparers and other stakeholders (investors, analyst and auditors) from a wide range of industries in Mauritius, to explore their opinions regarding IR. Findings signify that IR is being adopted by a majority of companies in Mauritius, although it is a relatively new concept. A majority thinks IR is improving the current corporate reporting. However, the fear of divulging market and/ or price sensitive information is the main challenge facing the practices of IR in Mauritius. The findings may be useful to better understand the likely development of IR in developing markets, as most of the previous studies on IR focused on developed countries and South Africa.
Absenteeism and Associated Factors in Workers of a High-Level Educational Institution, Cartagena-Colombia
Authors: Castaño Carolina , Dominguez Regina , Romero Rocio , Saldarriaga Diana , Castro-Orozco Raimundo
Published: December 2018

To analyze the sociodemographic characteristics, organizational factors and cardiovascular risk factors related to work absenteeism in a higher education institution in the city of Cartagena-Colombia. Cross-sectional analytical study with a probabilistic sample of 162 workers. We recorded sociodemographic data, personal and family history, in addition, we performed a physical examination that included: abdominal circumference, height, weight and blood pressure. Also, clinical laboratory tests were performed for the analysis of lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) and fasting blood glucose, determined by enzymatic colorimetric and automated methods. A frequency of absenteeism of 24.7% was estimated, being more frequent in the age group of 40 to 49 years and with a statistically significant difference between women and men. All the organizational variables studied showed a statistical association with work absenteeism. In contrast, the only cardiovascular risk factors that showed statistical association were: abdominal obesity and personal history of arterial hypertension. The evidences found allow us to think about the need to implement, immediately, a program of lifestyle change and healthy work, which includes a motivational strategy of change that, together, reduce the occurrence of absenteeism and the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors found in the study population.
Participating in Organ Donation: Issues Among Black South Africans
Authors: Dimo Peter Masibinyane
Published: December 2018

The medical transplantation of human body organs remains the only efficacious therapy for patients who are confronted with the reality of death due to the breakdown of their vital body organs such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, pancreas, and liver. Nevertheless, their hopes of improving and prolonging their lives on earth are shattered by the consistent shortage and paucity of suitable organ donors. The scarcity of human organs is an issue of great concern in public health, both locally and internationally and the current outlook is bleak. This study seeks to explore factors that prevent black South Africans in Limpopo province from participating in organ donation. In a quest to explore factors that might impede black South Africans from participating in organ donation, a qualitative approach and explorative research design were used. Non-probability sampling was used to select 30 research participants. In-depths interviews were used to collect data and the data analysis method was a content analysis. The study was based on the theory of planned behaviour. The study established that the majority of black South Africans are not registered organ donors. A lack of awareness or educational, religious, and cultural backgrounds and myths regarding organ donation prevent black South Africans from registering and donating their organs. This study recommends further research into organ donation, and the development of a social work model to increase the awareness rate of organ donation in black communities. It calls for the evaluation of legislation that regulates organ donation and transplantation in South Africa.
Identification of a crime perpretator based on trace evidence
Authors: Szydłowski Dariusz
Published: December 2018

The application of advanced methods of trace identification at a crime scene has made a substantial contribution to the identification of offenders. An accurate identification as well as preservation of forensic traces at a crime scene are key determinants of the methods’ usage. The application of appropriate forensic traces identification and preservation techniques has been presented in the paper, including selected case studies.
„Provedu! Zde jsem!“ (Vešebt staroegyptského kresliče Parahotepa)
Authors: Vachala Břetislav
Published: December 2018

Publikace vešebtu (20,4x5,3x3,5 cm) staroegyptského kresliče Parahotepa (obr. 1), známého a váženého člena privilegované komunity kvalifikovaných řemeslníků a umělců v Dér el-Medíně, kteří tesali a zdobili skalní hrobky faraonů a členů jejich rodin v Údolí králů a Údolí královen v období Nové říše (cca 1545-1081 př.n.l.). Parahotepův vešebt z malované pálené hlíny, který byl součástí jeho pohřební výbavy, umožňuje identifikovat zaznamenaný titul a jméno. Kurzivní hieroglyfický text (obr. 2, 3), uspořádaný v 8 řádcích, obsahuje 6. říkadlo Knihy mrtvých. Památku je možné datovat přibližně do doby poloviny vlády Ramesse II. (okolo roku 1260 př. n. l.). Vešebt byl pravděpodobně součástí velké egyptské sbírky barona Franze von Kollera (1767-1826), přičemž ho následně vlastnil český průmyslník Votěch Lanna (1836-1909). Nyní se nachází v soukromé sbírce.
Mysterious Prehistoric Samuel: Homo erectus paleohungaricus in the Context of Anthropogenesis
Authors: Soukup Václav , Mechurová Zdenka
Published: December 2018

Předmětem studie je analýza kosterních pozůstatků pravěkého hominina, které byly nalezeny před padesáti lety na území dnešního Maďarska a klasifikované jako Homo erectus paleohungaricus. Cílem studie je zasadit objev tohoto hominina do kontextu současných názorů na vývoj archaického Homo sapiens a reinterpretovat jeho evoluční status v souladu s novými poznatky paleoantropologie. Zvláštní pozornost je proto věnována hypotéze, podle níž Homo erectus paleohungaricus představuje lokální variantu druhu Homo heidelbergensis.
Relationships Between Opportunity to Learn Mathematics in Teacher Preparation and Graduates' Knowledge for Teaching Mathematics
Authors: Hiebert James , Berk Dawn , Miller Emily , Gallivan Heather , Meikle Erin
Published: December 2018

We investigated whether the mathematics studied in 2 content courses of an elementary teacher preparation program was retained and used by graduates when completing tasks measuring knowledge for teaching mathematics. Using a longitudinal design, we followed 2 cohorts of prospective teachers for 3 to 4 years after graduation. We assessed participants' knowledge by asking them to identify mathematics concepts underlying standard procedures, generate multiple solution strategies, and evaluate students' mathematical work. We administered parallel tasks for 3 mathematics topics studied in the program and one mathematics topic not studied in the program. When significant differences were found, participants always performed better on mathematics topics developed in the program than on the topic not addressed in the program. We discuss implications of these findings for mathematics teacher preparation.
Brief Report: What You See Is What You Get? Sign Language in the Mathematics Classroom
Authors: Krause Christina M.
Published: December 2018

This Brief Report addresses the fundamental role that sign language plays in the mathematics classroom of deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students. Selected findings are gathered from an ongoing study of signs and gestures used by DHH students and their teachers when encountering and communicating mathematical ideas at a German special-needs school that focuses on hearing and communication. The focus rests primarily on iconic aspects of mathematical ideas as reflected in the gestural–somatic modality of sign language. A categorization of iconicity in mathematical signs as used by the students is presented and used to reconstruct a case of meaning making in a Grade 5 geometry classroom. Insights gained from these observations lead beyond the DHH mathematics classroom by providing new perspectives on the interplay between language and communication, individual experience, and shared conceptualization.
In vitro effect of crude extracts from eight Algerian steppe plants on mycelial growth and sporulation of Ascochyta pisi Lib.
Authors: Tiaiba Ammar , Derbali Malika , Bendahmane Boubekeur Seddik
Published: December 2018

Se ha estudiado el efecto de extractos crudos de ocho plantas, que crecen en la estepa argelina, contra Ascochyta pisi Lib., uno de los miembros del complejo Ascochyta que causa la antracnosis del guisante, con el objetivo de sustituirlos por fungicidas químicos con reconocida nocividad para el medio ambiente y la salud pública. Con este propósito, se realizó una prueba de control biológico in vitro del crecimiento y la esporulación de A. pisi, agregando extractos de plantas crudas o sus sub-fracciones a su medio de cultivo. Al final de este ensayo, encontramos que los extractos de Artemisia alba Turra, Lycium arabicum Schweinf. Ex Boiss. y Peganum harmala Linn. registraron las mejores tasas de inhibición del crecimiento de patógenos, mientras que Artemisia campestris L. es más efectiva contra su esporulación.

This work consists of studying the effect of crude extracts of eight plants growing in the Algerian steppe against Ascochyta pisi Lib., one of the members of the Ascochyta complex causing the Ascochyta blight of pea, with the aim of substituting them for chemical fungicides recognized for their harmfulness to the environment and public health. For this purpose, an in-vitro biocontrol test of the growth and sporulation of A. pisi was achieved by adding to its cultural medium a crude plant extracts or their sub-fractions. At the end of this trial, we found that the extracts of Artemisia alba Turra, Lycium arabicum Schweinf. Ex Boiss. and Peganum harmala Linn. recorded the best growth inhibition rates of pathogenic whereas, Artemisia campestris L. is more effective against its sporulation.
Biological studies of Olla timberlakei Vandenberg, 1992 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed on Platycorypha sp. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
Authors: Solano-Rojas Yohan , Morales-Sánchez José , Arcaya-Sánchez Evelin
Published: December 2018

En Venezuela, Olla timberlakei Vandenberg, 1992 ha sido observado depredando ninfas de Psyllidae asociadas al roble, Platymiscium diadelphum S.F. Blake. Esta investigación se realizó para identificar al psílido y determinar la biología del depredador. Se recolectaron los insectos sobre árboles de roble en Tarabana (500 m, Palavecino) y Barquisimeto (500 m, Iribarren) estado Lara, Venezuela. La biología de O. timberlakei se determinó en laboratorio. El psílido pertenece al género Platycorypha Tuthill, 1945. El ciclo de vida del depredador fue de 11,47±0,65 días, con duración de huevo, larva y pupa de 2,56±0,32; 8,53±0,59 y 2,94±0,18 días, respectivamente. La longevidad de hembras fue 44,50±13,71 días, con oviposición diaria de 14,76±3,05 huevos con 82,80±5,39% de viabilidad.

In Venezuela, Olla timberlakei Vandenberg, 1992 has been watched predating nymphs of Psyllidae associated to Platymiscium diadelphum S.F. Blake. This research was made to identify the psyllid and to determine predator’s biology. Insects were collected on oak’s tree in Tarabana (500 m, Palavecino) and Barquisimeto (500 m, Iribarren) Lara state, Venezuela. The biology of O. timberlakei was determined in laboratory. The psyllid belongs to the genus Platycorypha Tuthill, 1945. The life cycle of predator was 11.47±0.65 days, with duration of egg, larvae and pupa of 2.56±0.32, 8.53±0.59 and 2.94±0.18 days, respectively. The female’s longevity was 44.50±13.71 days, with daily oviposition of 14.76±3.05 egg with 82.80±5.39% of viability.
”Generalizability” as Recognition: Reflections on a Foundational Problem in Qualitative Research
Authors: Delmar Charlotte
Published: December 2018

The aim of the article is to develop what counts as “generalizability” in qualitative research. By taking an ontological and epistemic stance in relation to the four foundational problems: 1)Knowledge and its various forms. 2) Properties of reality and the doubleness of the situation. 3) How is understanding possible? 4) The researcher’s role: What are the fundamental questions that the researcher must ask himself before a study is designed? we are able to approach the exploration of ”generalizability” in qualitative research. Methodological theorists agree that the question of applicability is essential in the discussion of “generalizability” in qualitative research. If the quantitative tradition’s requirement for replicability also has to be met, the pressing question during the article is what counts as replicability and applicability in qualitative research. In the exploration of what is involved in “generalizability” in qualitative research a combination of Gadamer and Flyvbjerg´s thinking are important sources for a reflection on the ontological and epistemic questions related to the four foundational problems. The ontological question of what establishes a situation is an essential interpretation for the finding. A situation is characterised by its quality of doubleness: it is unique and typical at the same time. People with each their unique story and life world constitute the uniqueness of the situation. And a situation is typical in the sense that fundamental experiences can be found in every situation. The typical is what we as people have in common. There will be typical traits and recogizable patterns in every situation. The finding show us that “generalizability” in qualitative research builds on recognisability and a challenge to practice as a practical reasoning.
Is living the gender contract really a free choice? A cross-national comparison of preferences or constraints in mothers’ and fathers’ participation in paid and unpaid work
Authors: Olsson Yildiz
Published: December 2018

This article is a cross-national study of the work-family balance in families with dependent children. The countries included are Denmark, Hungary, Italy and the UK. The article aims at investigating the question “why” we still, in all four European countries, seem to live according to a traditional gender role pattern in the division of paid and unpaid work, despites mothers’ entrance on the paid labour market. Women still bear the main responsibility of unpaid work. With preference theory as a starting point, the paper investigates preferences and constraints in relation to mothers’ and fathers’ work- and family lives. The paper relies on qualitative interviews. By using qualitative interviews, the analysis is based on fathers’ and mothers’ articulation of their work-life balance. The design of the interview guide has been inspired by Prue Chamberlayne’s biographical methods. Thus, the analysis is based upon both fathers’ and mothers’personal (life) stories in the four countries.
Do Teachers Leave Their Ethics at the School Gate? Social Practice Research in a Danish Primary School
Authors: Kristensen Karen-Lis
Published: December 2018

This study addresses teachers' ethical dilemmas in everyday participation in school structures in a Danish Primary School. It focuses in particular on their relations with 'disturbing children'. The author and four first grade teachers work in a research team, documenting and analysing the teachers’ interactions in the classroom. This paper focuses on the interactions between two of the teachers and one of the students. The research team focuses on the teachers’ struggles with stress and burnout symptoms that they impute to students’ misbehaviour. Through their work together, documenting what happens in the classroom, and then working together in collective biography workshops, the research team reveals the contradictory conditions of teachers’ work. They find that following current guidelines for good classroom management, and accepting without question current discourses on ADHD, places the teachers in a double-bind, with teachers and children in opposition to each other, and both teachers and children being judged and found wanting.  The paper seeks new ways of thinking/doing classroom interaction that challenges some of the binds of current management practices.
A reforma trabalhista e o risco da aplicação da teoria efficient breach nos contratos de trabalho
Authors: Martins Marcos Antonio Madeira de Mattos , De Mattos Martins Karla Cristina Da Costa e Silva
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo busca investigar a aplicação da teoria efficient breach nos contratos de trabalho em decorrência da reforma trabalhista. Por se tratar de contrato de adesão, o empregado encontra-se numa situação de vulnerabilidade em relação ao empregador, podendo sofrer mais prejuízos pelo inadimplemento do contrato que vise a obtenção de vantagens econômicas. Através de uma metodologia exploratória e investigativa, as análises teóricas demonstram técnicas de inadimplementos diretos ou indiretos dos contratos de trabalho que se destinam a maximização das riquezas dos detentores do capital, não levando em conta o desenvolvimento e o progresso humano. A reforma permitiu a supressão de garantias de proteção individual do trabalhador, podendo-se constatar que as falhas normativas motivam os detentores do capital à inadimplência de seus contratos em razão da inexistência de sanções significativas e reparadoras do abuso de direito para restauração do equilíbrio contratual.
Phononic Stability Analysis of Two-Dimensional Carbon Nitride Monolayers
Authors: SARIKURT Sevil , ERSAN Fatih
Published: December 2018

Abstract:In this study we examined the structural, dynamical stability and electronical properties of carbon nitrides monolayers as C6N6 and C6N8. We found that buckled form of C6N8 monolayer is dynamically stable instead of planar C6N8, which is many times studied in the literature. While planar C6N8 has negative optical phonon modes, with proper created buckling in the structure can dissappear these imaginarities and makes the system dynamically stable. This buckled C6N8 has 2.05 eV direct band gap, which falls in the visible region. Other investigated carbon nitride is C6N6 and as is known in the literature planar C6N6 monolayer is stable, while created buckling results instability for the structure. We believe that with this study, confliction on the stability of carbon nitride structures will annihilate and investigation can focus on the planar C6N6 and buckled C6N8 monolayers.
Late-Talking Children
Authors: Camarata Stephen M.
Published: December 2018

What parents need to know about the causes and treatment of children's late talking: how to avoid misdiagnoses, navigate the educational system, and more.

When children are late in hitting developmental milestones, parents worry. And no delay causes more parental anxiety than late talking, which is associated in many parents' minds with such serious conditions as autism and severe intellectual disability. In fact, as children's speech expert Stephen Camarata points out in this enlightening book, children are late in beginning to talk for a wide variety of reasons. For some children, late talking may be a symptom of other, more serious, problems; for many others, however, it may simply be a stage with no long-term complications.

Camarata describes in accessible language what science knows about the characteristics and causes of late talking. He explains that late talking is only one of a constellation of autism symptoms. Although all autistic children are late talkers, not all late-talking children are autistic.

Camarata draws on more than twenty-five years of professional experience diagnosing and treating late talkers—and on his personal experience of being a late talker himself and having a late-talking son. He provides information that will help parents navigate the maze of doctors, speech therapists, early childhood services, and special education; and he describes the effect that late talking may have on children's post-talking learning styles.
Coherence in Thought and Action
Authors: Thagard Paul
Published: December 2018

This book is an essay on how people make sense of each other and the world they live in. Making sense is the activity of fitting something puzzling into a coherent pattern of mental representations that include concepts, beliefs, goals, and actions. Paul Thagard proposes a general theory of coherence as the satisfaction of multiple interacting constraints, and discusses the theory's numerous psychological and philosophical applications. Much of human cognition can be understood in terms of coherence as constraint satisfaction, and many of the central problems of philosophy can be given coherence-based solutions. Thagard shows how coherence can help to unify psychology and philosophy, particularly when addressing questions of epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, politics, and aesthetics. He also shows how coherence can integrate cognition and emotion.

Bradford Books imprint
Graphical Models for Machine Learning and Digital Communication
Authors: Frey Brendan J.
Published: December 2018

A variety of problems in machine learning and digital communication deal with complex but structured natural or artificial systems. In this book, Brendan Frey uses graphical models as an overarching framework to describe and solve problems of pattern classification, unsupervised learning, data compression, and channel coding. Using probabilistic structures such as Bayesian belief networks and Markov random fields, he is able to describe the relationships between random variables in these systems and to apply graph-based inference techniques to develop new algorithms. Among the algorithms described are the wake-sleep algorithm for unsupervised learning, the iterative turbodecoding algorithm (currently the best error-correcting decoding algorithm), the bits-back coding method, the Markov chain Monte Carlo technique, and variational inference.

Bradford Books imprint
Mind in Everyday Life and Cognitive Science
Authors: Auyang Sunny Y.
Published: December 2018

Sunny Auyang tackles what she calls "the large pictures of the human mind," exploring the relevance of cognitive science findings to everyday mental life. Auyang proposes a model of an "open mind emerging from the self-organization of infrastructures," which she opposes to prevalent models that treat mind as a disembodied brain or computer, subject to the control of external agents such as neuroscientists and programmers.

Although cognitive science has obtained abundant data on neural and computational processes, it barely explains such ordinary experiences as recognizing faces, feeling pain, or remembering the past. In this book Sunny Auyang tackles what she calls "the large pictures of the human mind," exploring the relevance of cognitive science findings to everyday mental life. Auyang proposes a model of an "open mind emerging from the self-organization of infrastructures," which she opposes to prevalent models that treat mind as a disembodied brain or computer, subject to the control of external agents such as neuroscientists and programmers. Her model consists of three parts: (1) the open mind of our conscious life; (2) mind's infrastructure, the unconscious processes studied by cognitive science; and (3) emergence, the relation between the open mind and its infrastructure.

At the heart of Auyang's model is the mind that opens to the world and makes it intelligible. A person with an open mind feels, thinks, recognizes, believes, doubts, anticipates, fears, speaks, and listens, and is aware of I, together with it and thou. Cognitive scientists refer to the "binding problem," the question of how myriad unconscious processes combine into the unity of consciousness. Auyang approaches the problem from the other end—by starting with everyday experience rather than with the mental infrastructure. In so doing, she shows both how analyses of experiences can help to advance cognitive science and how cognitive science can help us to understand ourselves as autonomous subjects.

Bradford Books imprint
Natural Minds
Authors: Polger Thomas W.
Published: December 2018

In Natural Minds Thomas Polger advocates, and defends, the philosophical theory that mind equals brain—that sensations are brain processes—and in doing so brings the mind-brain identity theory back into the philosophical debate about consciousness. The version of identity theory that Polger advocates holds that conscious processes, events, states, or properties are type- identical to biological processes, events, states, or properties—a "tough-minded" account that maintains that minds are necessarily identical to brains, a position held by few current identity theorists. Polger's approach to what William James called the "great blooming buzzing confusion" of consciousness begins with the idea that we need to know more about brains in order to understand consciousness fully, but recognizes that biology alone cannot provide the entire explanation. Natural Minds takes on issues from philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, and metaphysics, moving freely among them in its discussion.

Polger begins by answering two major objections to identity theory—Hilary Putnam's argument from multiple realizability (which discounts identity theory because creatures with brains unlike ours could also have mental states) and Saul Kripke's modal argument against mind-brain identity (based on the apparent contingency of the identity statement). He then offers a detailed account of functionalism and functional realization, which offer the most serious obstacle to consideration of identity theory. Polger argues that identity theory can itself satisfy the kind of explanatory demands that are often believed to favor functionalism.

Bradford Books imprint
Naturalistic Realism and the Antirealist Challenge
Authors: Khlentzos Drew
Published: December 2018

In this important book, Drew Khlentzos explains the antirealist argument from a realist perspective. He defends naturalistic realism against the antirealist challenge, and he considers the consequences of his defense for our understanding of realism and truth. Khlentzos argues that the naturalistic realist view that the world exists independently of the mind must take into consideration what he calls the representation problem: if the naturalistic realist view is true, how can mental representation of the world be explained? He examines this major antirealist challenge in detail and shows that many realists have dismissed it because they have not understood its nature. He sees it as a philosophical puzzle: the antirealist challenge, if sound, does not prove that there are no objects that exist independently of the mind, but that there is no rational basis for thinking that there are; we have good reason to believe in the naturalistic view, but (given the antirealist arguments) we have no way of knowing how it could be true. Khlentzos surveys the antirealist arguments of Michael Dummett, Hilary Putnam, and Crispin Wright and suggests a realist answer. He argues for a radically nonepistemic conception of truth, and against pragmatist, intuitionist, verificationist, and pluralist alternatives. He examines and rejects some current versions of physicalism and functionalism, and offers an original version of the correspondence theory of truth.

Bradford Books imprint
Norms of Nature
Authors: Davies Paul Sheldon
Published: December 2018

The components of living systems strike us as functional-as for the sake of certain ends—and as endowed with specific norms of performance. The mammalian eye, for example, has the function of perceiving and processing light, and possession of this property tempts us to claim that token eyes are supposed to perceive and process light. That is, we tend to evaluate the performance of token eyes against the norm described in the attributed functional property. Hence the norms of nature.

What, then, are the norms of nature? Whence do they arise? Out of what natural properties or relations are they constituted? In Norms of Nature, Paul Sheldon Davies argues against the prevailing view that natural norms are constituted out of some form of historical success—usually success in natural selection. He defends the view that functions are nothing more than effects that contribute to the exercise of some more general systemic capacity. Natural functions exist insofar as the components of natural systems contribute to the exercise of systemic capacities. This is so irrespective of the system's history. Even if the mammalian eye had never been selected for, it would have the function of perceiving and processing light, because those are the effects that contribute to the exercise of the visual system. The systemic approach to conceptualizing natural norms, claims Davies, is superior to the historical approach in several important ways. Especially significant is that it helps us understand how the attribution of functions within the life sciences coheres with the methods and ontology of the natural sciences generally.

Bradford Books imprint
Psychology
Authors: Kimble Gregory A.
Published: December 2018

At a time in the history of psychology when many psychologists are troubled by the splintered condition of the field, Gregory Kimble proposes that the diverse perspectives in psychology share ways of thinking that can bring coherence to the discipline.

Drawing on years of extensive research and scholarship (including a deep familiarity with the writings of William James and many psychologists who have succeeded him in a search for unity in psychological theorizing), Kimble presents evidence for this potential unity. He portrays psychology as a natural science with relevance to human life and offers a set of axioms that hold the field together.

Psychology is a two-part exploration of the concept of psychology as the science of behavior. The first part describes the traditional commitments of the scientific method and spells out the implications of those commitments for psychology. The second part develops a general theory within a framework that can be called functional behaviorism, which combines the imperative that a science of psychology must be about observable realities with the view that human behavior is the result of evolution. Kimble's proposals are of general significance and have stood the test of time: they were reasonably explicit in the writings of the giants in the history of psychology, and they apply in contexts that range from behavioral neurology to social action.

Bradford Books imprint
Real Natures and Familiar Objects
Authors: Elder Crawford L.
Published: December 2018

In Real Natures and Familiar Objects Crawford Elder defends, with qualifications, the ontology of common sense. He argues that we exist—that no gloss is necessary for the statement "human beings exist" to show that it is true of the world as it really is—and that we are surrounded by many of the medium-sized objects in which common sense believes. He argues further that these familiar medium-sized objects not only exist, but have essential properties, which we are often able to determine by observation. The starting point of his argument is that ontology should operate under empirical load—that is, it should give special weight to the objects and properties that we treat as real in our best predictions and explanations of what happens in the world. Elder calls this presumption "mildly controversial" because it entails that arguments are needed for certain widely assumed positions such as "mereological universalism" (according to which the sum of randomly assembled objects constitutes an object in its own right).

Elder begins by defending realism about essentialness (arguing that nature's objects have essential properties whose status as essential is mind-independent). He then defends this view of familiar objects against causal exclusion arguments and worries about vagueness. Finally, he argues that many of the objects in which common sense believes really exist, including artifacts and biological devices shaped by natural selection, and that we too exist, as products of natural selection.

Bradford Books imprint
Software Ecosystem
Authors: Messerschmitt David G. , Szyperski Clemens
Published: December 2018

Software has gone from obscurity to indispensability in less than fifty years. Although other industries have followed a similar trajectory, software and its supporting industry are different. In this book the authors explain, from a variety of perspectives, how software and the software industry are different—technologically, organizationally, and socially.

The growing importance of software requires professionals in all fields to deal with both its technical and social aspects; therefore, users and producers of software need a common vocabulary to discuss software issues. In Software Ecosystem, Messerschmitt and Szyperski address the overlapping and related perspectives of technologists and non-technologists. After an introductory chapter on technology, the book is organized around six points of view: users, and what they need software to accomplish for them; software engineers and developers, who translate the user's needs into program code; managers, who must orchestrate the resources, material and human, to operate the software; industrialists, who organize companies to produce and distribute software; policy experts and lawyers, who must resolve conflicts inside and outside the industry without discouraging growth and innovation; and economists, who offer insights into how the software market works. Each chapter considers not only the issues most relevant to that perspective but also relates those issues to the other perspectives as well. Non-technologists will appreciate the context in which technology is discussed; technical professionals will gain more understanding of the social issues that should be considered in order to make software more useful and successful.
From Web to Workplace
Authors: Grønbaek Kaj , Trigg Randall H.
Published: December 2018

Kaj Grønbæk and Randall H. Trigg present a set of principles for the design of open hypermedia systems and provide concrete implications of these principles for issues ranging from data structures to architectures and system integration, and for settings as diverse as the World Wide Web and the workplace.

In this book Kaj Grønbæk and Randall H. Trigg present a set of principles for the design of open hypermedia systems and provide concrete implications of these principles for issues ranging from data structures to architectures and system integration, and for settings as diverse as the World Wide Web and the workplace.The principles, which cover both hypermedia system processing and data structures, reflect results from decades of hypermedia research, including the popular Dexter hypertext reference model and the authors own extended object-oriented version of the Dexter model. One important principle is the notion of links as first-class objects outside the data. Emerging systems such as HyperWave, Microcosm, and Devise Hypermedia apply this principle to extend the capabilities of the Web. The authors also discuss the management of incomplete and dangling links, time-based media including video and sound, support for collaboration and shared hypermedia structures, worldwide distribution, and integration of third-party applications in open hypermedia systems.
When Self-Consciousness Breaks
Authors: Stephens G. Lynn , Graham George
Published: December 2018

In this book, G. Lynn Stephens and George Graham examine verbal hallucinations and thought insertion as examples of what they call "alienated self-consciousness." In such cases, a subject is directly or introspectively aware of an episode in her mental life but experiences it as alien, as somehow attributable to another person.

Stephens and Graham explore two sorts of questions about verbal hallucinations and thought insertion. The first is their phenomenology—what the experience is like for the subject. The second concerns the implications of alien episodes for our general understanding of self-consciousness. Psychopathologists look at alien episodes for what they reveal about the underlying pathology of mental illness. As philosophers, the authors ask what they reveal about the underlying psychological structure and processes of human self-consciousness.

The authors suggest that alien episodes are caused by a disturbed sense of agency, a condition in which the subject no longer has the sense of being the agent who thinks or carries out the thought. Distinguishing the sense of subjectivity from that of agency, they make the case that the sense of agency is a key element in self-consciousness.

Bradford Books imprint
Contagion and Chaos
Authors: Price-Smith Andrew T.
Published: December 2018

An analysis of infectious disease as a threat to national security that examines the destabilizing effects of the 1918 Spanish Flu pandemic, HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa, SARS, and Mad Cow Disease.

Historians from Thucydides to William McNeill have pointed to the connections between disease and civil society. Political scientists have investigated the relationship of public health to governance, introducing the concept of health security. In Contagion and Chaos, Andrew Price-Smith offers the most comprehensive examination yet of disease through the lens of national security. Extending the analysis presented in his earlier book The Health of Nations, Price-Smith argues that epidemic disease represents a direct threat to the power of a state, eroding prosperity and destabilizing both its internal politics and its relationships with other states. He contends that the danger of an infectious pathogen to national security depends on lethality, transmissability, fear, and economic damage. Moreover, warfare and ecological change contribute to the spread of disease and act as “disease amplifiers.”

Price-Smith presents a series of case studies to illustrate his argument: the Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918-19 (about which he advances the controversial claim that the epidemic contributed to the defeat of Germany and Austria); HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa (he contrasts the worst-case scenario of Zimbabwe with the more stable Botswana); bovine spongiform encephalopathy (also known as mad cow disease); and the SARS contagion of 2002-03. Emerging infectious disease continues to present a threat to national and international security, Price-Smith argues, and globalization and ecological change only accelerate the danger.
Equilibrium, Trade, and Growth
Authors: McKenzie Lionel W.
Published: December 2018

Influential neoclassical economist Lionel McKenzie has made major contributions to postwar economic thought in the fields of equilibrium, trade, and capital accumulation. This selection of his papers traces the development of his thinking in these three crucial areas.McKenzie's early academic life took him to Duke, Princeton, Oxford, the University of Chicago, and the Cowles Commission. In 1957, he went to the University of Rochester to head the economics department there, and he remains at Rochester, now Wilson Professor Emeritus of Economics. McKenzie's most significant research was undertaken during a period that saw the development of the major themes of neoclassical economics and the use of fundamental mathematical methods to do so. McKenzie contributed to both aspects of this research program. He helped shape the direction of the field and, at Rochester, influenced generations of future scholars. In 2002, The MIT Press published McKenzie's Classical General Equilibrium Theory, a detailed summary of the model and methodology. This book, collecting his most important papers in the form in which they were originally published, can be seen as a companion to that one. The many state-of-the-art results achieved in McKenzie's original papers present sophisticated theoretical work that will continue to be important to future developments in the discipline.
Sonic Warfare
Authors: Goodman Steve
Published: December 2018

An exploration of the production, transmission, and mutation of affective tonality—when sound helps produce a bad vibe.

Sound can be deployed to produce discomfort, express a threat, or create an ambience of fear or dread—to produce a bad vibe. Sonic weapons of this sort include the “psychoacoustic correction” aimed at Panama strongman Manuel Noriega by the U.S. Army and at the Branch Davidians in Waco by the FBI, sonic booms (or “sound bombs”) over the Gaza Strip, and high-frequency rat repellants used against teenagers in malls. At the same time, artists and musicians generate intense frequencies in the search for new aesthetic experiences and new ways of mobilizing bodies in rhythm. In Sonic Warfare, Steve Goodman explores these uses of acoustic force and how they affect populations.

Traversing philosophy, science, fiction, aesthetics, and popular culture, he maps a (dis)continuum of vibrational force, encompassing police and military research into acoustic means of crowd control, the corporate deployment of sonic branding, and the intense sonic encounters of sound art and music culture.

Goodman concludes with speculations on the not yet heard—the concept of unsound, which relates to both the peripheries of auditory perception and the unactualized nexus of rhythms and frequencies within audible bandwidths.
Global Democracy and Sustainable Jurisprudence
Authors: Baber Walter F. , Bartlett Robert V.
Published: December 2018

A proposal for a philosophical foundation and a realistic deliberative mechanism for creating a transnational common law for the environment.

In Global Democracy and Sustainable Jurisprudence, Walter Baber and Robert Bartlett explore the necessary characteristics of a meaningful global jurisprudence, a jurisprudence that would underpin international environmental law. Arguing that theories of political deliberation offer useful insights into the current “democratic deficit” in international law, and using this insight as a way to approach the problem of global environmental protection, they offer both a theoretical foundation and a realistic deliberative mechanism for creating effective transnational common law for the environment. Their argument links elements not typically associated: abstract democratic theory and a practical form of deliberative democracy; the legitimacy-imparting value of deliberative democracy and the possibility of legislating through adjudication; common law jurisprudence and the development of transnational environmental law; and conceptual thinking that draws on Deweyan pragmatism, Rawlsian contractarianism, Habermasian critical theory, and the full liberalism of Bohman, Gutmann, and Thompson. Baber and Bartlett offer a democratic method for creating, interpreting, and implementing international environmental norms that involves citizens and bypasses states—an innovation that can be replicated and deployed across a range of policy areas. Transnational environmental consensus would develop through a novel model of juristic democracy that would generate legitimate international environmental law based on processes of hypothetical rule making by citizen juries. This method would translate global environmental norms into international law—law that, unlike all current international law, would be recognized as both fact and norm because of its inherent democratic legitimacy.