bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Informational letters or postcards to initiate remote monitoring among veterans with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Kratka Allison , Rotering Thomas L. , Raitt Merritt H. , Whooley Mary A. , Dhruva Sanket S.
Published: April 2024

Background

Remote monitoring (RM) of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) is a Class 1, Level of Evidence A recommendation because of its multitude of clinical benefits. However, RM adherence rates are suboptimal, precluding patients from achieving these benefits. There is a need for direct‐to‐patient efforts to improve adherence.

Methods

In this national randomized, controlled trial conducted in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), 2120 patients with a pacemaker or ICD who had not sent an RM transmission for ≥1 year (and usually ≥3 years) while under VHA care for their device were randomly assigned to be mailed a postcard (n = 1076) or a detailed letter (n = 1044). The postcard described what RM does and its key benefits (reduced mortality and fewer in‐person visits). The letter provided a similar message but included more details about RM benefits and the process. The primary outcome was an RM transmission sent within 90 days of mailing, and a secondary outcome was an RM transmission sent within 365 days.

Results

The primary outcome was achieved in 121 (11.3%) in the postcard and 96 patients (9.2%) in the letter group (p = .12). The secondary outcome was achieved in 266 (24.7%) and 239 (22.9%), respectively (p = .32).

Conclusions

This randomized trial showed no significant difference in the proportion of chronically non‐adherent patients who sent an RM transmission after receiving a low‐cost postcard or a detailed, higher‐cost letter encouraging their participation in RM. However, as only a minority of patients responded to either, further work is needed to engage patients in the life‐saving benefits of RM.
Bone marrow transplantation and bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in epidermolysis bullosa: A systematic review
Authors: Agustin Maulidina , Mahadewi Anita , Danarti Retno
Published: April 2024

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genodermatosis that lacks effective treatments and requires supportive care for its severe, life‐threatening manifestations. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and its derived cells have been suggested to improve clinical symptoms and quality of life. A comprehensive search was conducted for publications evaluating BMT and bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM‐MSC) therapy for EB in PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases from inception until June 2023. A total of 55 participants with severe forms of EB had BMT and/or BM‐MSCs, with recessive dystrophic EB as the most common EB type; 53 (96.4%) patients had better wound healing, and 3 (5.5%) patients died of sepsis. The most common adverse events reported were graft failure, sepsis, graft‐versus‐host disease, and renal insufficiency. Allogeneic BMT is a high‐risk procedure with possible benefits and adverse events. BM‐MSCs revealed favorable outcomes to improve the safety of EB cell‐based therapy by minimizing the risk of serious adverse events, reducing blisters, and accelerating wound healing. Further studies are needed to assess the treatment's long‐term effects and clarify the risk/benefit ratio of procedure versus conventional therapy.
Topical everolimus therapy for epidermal nevi associated with woolly hair nevus in a patient with a mosaic HRAS mutation
Authors: Singh Akaljot , Gorell Emily S. , Lucky Anne W.
Published: April 2024

A patient with woolly hair nevus syndrome, presented with epidermal facial nevi by the age of 12 years. Despite transient improvement with topical 1% sirolimus cream, the facial nevus grew larger. The patient was then treated with topical 1% everolimus cream resulting in a reduction in the size of the nevus. This case highlights a novel use of topical 1% everolimus cream, which previously has not been used to treat epidermal nevi.
Factors affecting nurses’ emergency competencies in public health emergency: A cross‐sectional study based on the stress‐coping adaptation model
Authors: Huang Wanmin , Chen Jinyu , Zheng Lijiao , Shi Guang , Feng Yanying
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To investigate the factors associated with stress, resilience, coping styles, and emergency competencies when nurses are faced with a public health emergency.

Design

This study used a cross‐sectional design.

Sample

Study data came from a survey of 646 nurses who were from a tertiary hospital in Southern China in March–June 2022.

Methods

Participants responded to self‐report questionnaires through a web‐based survey. Stress, resilience, emergency competencies, and response to public emergencies were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, the core competencies of nurses in public health emergencies, and a simplified coping style questionnaire.

Results

A total of 646 nurses participated in this study. Slightly over half of the participants were ≤30 years old, and almost all were female. Resilience, positive coping, and negative coping were positively correlated with emergency competencies. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that resilience, working years, and participation in the treatment of infectious diseases were significant predictors of emergency competencies.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that nurses require additional training in emergency management and clinical practice to enhance their emergency competencies. More interventions and social support should be provided to improve nurses’ resilience and positive coping strategies when they encounter public health emergencies.
Interindividual aperiodic resting‐state EEG activity predicts cognitive‐control styles
Authors: Pi Yu , Yan Jimin , Pscherer Charlotte , Gao Shudan , Mückschel Moritz , Colzato Lorenza , Hommel Bernhard , Beste Christian
Published: April 2024

The ability to find the right balance between more persistent and more flexible cognitive‐control styles is known as “metacontrol.” Recent findings suggest a relevance of aperiodic EEG activity and task conditions that are likely to elicit a specific metacontrol style. Here we investigated whether individual differences in aperiodic EEG activity obtained off‐task (during resting state) predict individual cognitive‐control styles under task conditions that pose different demands on metacontrol. We analyzed EEG resting‐state data, task‐EEG, and behavioral outcomes from a sample of N = 65 healthy participants performing a Go/Nogo task. We examined aperiodic activity as indicator of “neural noise” in the EEG power spectrum, and participants were assigned to a high‐noise or low‐noise group according to a median split of the exponents obtained for resting state. We found that off‐task aperiodic exponents predicted different cognitive‐control styles in Go and Nogo conditions: Overall, aperiodic exponents were higher (i.e., noise was lower) in the low‐noise group, who however showed no difference between Go and Nogo trials, whereas the high‐noise group exhibited significant noise reduction in the more persistence‐heavy Nogo condition. This suggests that trait‐like biases determine the default cognitive‐control style, which however can be overwritten or compensated for under challenging task demands. We suggest that aperiodic activity in EEG signals represents valid indicators of highly dynamic arbitration between metacontrol styles, representing the brain's capability to reorganize itself and adapt its neural activity patterns to changing environmental conditions.
The P300 wave is decomposed into components reflecting response selection and automatic reactivation of stimulus–response links
Authors: Kropotov Juri D. , Ponomarev Valery A. , Pronina Marina V.
Published: April 2024

The parietal P300 wave of event‐related potentials (ERPs) has been associated with various psychological operations in numerous laboratory tasks. This study aims to decompose the P3 wave of ERPs into subcomponents and link them with behavioral parameters, such as the strength of stimulus–response (S‐R) links and GO/NOGO responses. EEGs (31 channels), referenced to linked ears, were recorded from 172 healthy adults (107 women) who participated in two cued GO/NOGO tasks, where the strength of S‐R links was manipulated through instructions. P300 waves were observed in active conditions in response to cues, GO/NOGO stimuli, and in passive conditions when no manual response was required. Utilizing a combination of current source density transformation and blind source separation methods, we decomposed the P300 wave into two distinct components, purportedly originating from different parts of the parietal lobules. The amplitude of the parietal midline component (with current sources around Pz) closely mirrored the strength of the S‐R link across proactive, reactive, and passive conditions. The amplitude of the lateral parietal component (with current sources around P3 and P4) resembled the push–pull activity of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia in action selection‐inhibition operations. These findings provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying action selection processes and the reactivation of S‐R links.
Nutrition and feeds for abalone: Current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Li Xinxin , Huang Dong , Pan Mingzhu , Sahandi Javad , Wu Zhenhua , Mai Kangsen , Zhang Wenbing
Published: April 2024

Abalone is a commercially important mariculture mollusc because of its nutrient‐rich value and extensive market demand. To date, over 95% of the abalone supply has been contributed by farming. Macroalgae are the natural food of abalones. However, the supply of macroalgae is unstable owing to seasonal restrictions. This limits the success of abalone farming. Therefore, formulated diets are crucial for the ongoing expansion and sustainable development of abalone culture. The most important considerations in formulated diets are the nutrient composition and commercially available feed ingredients. This review presents a comprehensive description of the nutrient requirements of abalones and the role that nutrients play in regulating abalone growth and health. The dietary proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, macroalgae sources and feed additives currently used in abalone feeds were subsequently summarised. Additionally, this review also highlights the importance of prioritizing the development of sustainable alternative sources of proteins, carbohydrates and macroalgae to meet the increasing demand for abalone feed. Based on the information provided, future directions in the knowledge of abalone nutrition and feeds are subsequently discussed, which will guide further research towards the development of well‐balanced commercial feeds that enhance feed utilisation and promote abalone growth and health.
Promoting success in thin layer sediment placement: effects of sediment grain size and amendments on salt marsh plant growth and greenhouse gas exchange
Authors: Wilburn Brittany P. , Raper Kirk , Raposa Kenneth B. , Gray Andrew B. , Mozdzer Thomas J. , Watson Elizabeth B.
Published: April 2024

Thin layer sediment placement (TLP) is used to build elevation in marshes, counteracting effects of subsidence and sea level rise. However, TLP success may vary due to plant stress associated with reductions in nutrient availability and hydrologic flushing or through the creation of acid sulfate soils. This study examined the influence of sediment grain size and soil amendments on plant growth, soil and porewater characteristics, and greenhouse gas exchange for three key U.S. salt marsh plants: Spartina alterniflora (synonym Sporobolus alterniflorus), Spartina patens (synonym Sporobolus pumilus), and Salicornia pacifica. We found that bioavailable nitrogen concentrations (measured as extractable NH4+‐N) and porewater pH and salinity were inversely related to grain size, while soil redox was more reducing in finer sediments. This suggests that utilizing finer sediments in TLP projects will result in a more reduced environment with higher nutrient availability, while larger grain sized sediments will be better flushed and oxygenated. We further found that grain size had a significant effect on vegetation biomass allocation and rates of gas exchange, although these effects were species‐specific. We found that soil amendments (biochar and compost) did not subsidize plant growth but were associated with increases in soil respiration and methane emissions. Biochar amendments were additionally ineffective in ameliorating acid sulfate conditions. This study uncovers complex interactions between sediment type and vegetation, emphasizing the limitations of soil amendments. The findings aid restoration project managers in making informed decisions regarding sediment type, target vegetation, and soil amendments for successful TLP projects.
New religious movements and science: What now, what next, where to?
Authors: Bigliardi Stefano , Chin Adam J.
Published: April 2024

This article draws on Stefano Bigliardi's recent Cambridge University Press Element New Religious Movements and Science, which provides an historical and comparative examination of how science is conceptualized within five New Religious Movements. We analyze Bigliardi's methodology and results, and offer multiple suggestions on how scholarship on NRMs and science can be extended and deepened.
What are the main oral manifestations in heart transplant patients? A scoping review
Authors: Pimentel Marianne Corrêa dos Santos , Fernandes Mariana Magalhães , Vogel Jéssica de Oliveira , Freire Clara Herrera , Pereira Cláudia Maria , Andrade Bruno Augusto Benevenuto de , Rech Bruna de Oliveira , Tenório Jefferson R.
Published: April 2024

Objective

The purpose of this scoping review is to evaluate the oral manifestations (OM) of heart transplant (HT) patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy (IT).

Material and methods

A literature search was performed using keywords and MeSH terms related to OM and HT in the Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, LILACS/BBO databases and in gray literature without language or date restrictions until June 2023. Studies that evaluated HT individuals who used any IT and who reported the occurrence of OM were considered eligible. The results from the search were imported to EndNote Web, and duplicates were removed followed by title/abstract and full‐text analysis.

Results

A total of 402 nonduplicated studies were found and 13 fulfilled the criteria and were included in the present review: 10 cross‐sectional, 2 cohorts, and 1 clinical trial. The most reported OM were periodontal diseases, including drug‐induced gingival enlargement (DIGE), gingival bleeding, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Reported in a minority of studies are oral cancer, opportunistic infections (oral hairy leukoplakia and erythematous candidiasis), enamel defects, and burning mouth.

Conclusion

Considering the methodological heterogeneity of the studies analyzed, DIGE is the most commonly observed oral manifestation in HT individuals.
Critical role of cyclic electron transport around photosystem I in the maintenance of photosystem I activity
Authors: Kobayashi Ryouhei , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Ishibashi Kota , Shikanai Toshiharu
Published: April 2024

In angiosperms, cyclic electron transport around photosystem I (PSI) is mediated by two pathways that depend on the PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5 (PGR5) protein and the chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase‐like (NDH) complex, respectively. In the Arabidopsis double mutants defective in both pathways, plant growth and photosynthesis are impaired. The pgr5‐1 mutant used in the original study is a missense allele and accumulates low levels of PGR5 protein. In this study, we generated two knockout (KO) alleles, designated as pgr5‐5 and pgr5‐6, using the CRISPR‐Cas9 technology. Although both KO alleles showed a severe reduction in P700 similar to the pgr5‐1 allele, NPQ induction was less severely impaired in the KO alleles than in the pgr5‐1 allele. In the pgr5‐1 allele, the second mutation affecting NPQ size was mapped to ~21 cM south of the pgr5‐1 locus. Overexpression of the pgr5‐1 allele, encoding the glycine130‐to‐serine change, complemented the pgr5‐5 phenotype, suggesting that the pgr5‐1 mutation destabilizes PGR5 but that the mutant protein retains partial functionality. Using two KO alleles, we created the double mutants with two chlororespiratory reduction (crr) mutants defective in the NDH complex. The growth of the double mutants was notably impaired. In the double mutant seedlings that survived on the medium containing sucrose, PSI activity evaluated by the P700 oxidation was severely impaired, whereas PSII activity was only mildly impaired. Cyclic electron transport around PSI is required to maintain PSI activity.
Caudoventral hip luxation in 160 dogs (2003–2023): A multicenter retrospective case series
Authors: Loh Jun Ren , Cleland Nicholas , Beierer Lucas , Drew Jarrod , Wilson Lance , Delisser Peter
Published: April 2024

Objective

To describe patient characteristics, etiology, treatment outcomes and complications of caudoventral hip luxation (CvHL) in a large cohort of dogs and investigate factors associated with nonsurgical treatment outcomes.

Study design

Multicenter retrospective case series.

Animal population

A total of 160 client‐owned dogs (170 limbs).

Methods

Medical records from 2003 to 2023 were reviewed for signalment, history, treatment outcomes and complications. Logistic regression was performed to investigate factors associated with nonsurgical treatment outcome.

Results

Low‐trauma accidents accounted for 82.9% of cases. Over‐represented breeds included poodles (38.1%) and poodle crosses (11.3%). On a per‐treatment basis, success rates of closed reduction alone, closed reduction/Ehmer sling, closed reduction/hobbles were 9.1%, 15.2% and 48.8%, respectively. When accounting for repeated attempts using closed reduction alone, Ehmer sling, or hobbles, eventual success rate increased to 10.3%, 18.5% and 61.8%, respectively. Success rate for toggle rod stabilization was 88.2%. Complication rate of hobbles was 31.9% versus 60.6% for Ehmer slings. Use of hobbles (OR:7.62, p = .001, CI:2.23–26.05), treatment by specialist surgeons (OR:2.68, p = .047, CI: 1.01–7.08) and increasing age (OR:1.15, p < .005, CI: 1.08–1.23) were associated with successful nonsurgical treatments.

Conclusion

Low‐trauma etiology, and poodles and their crosses were over‐represented in cases of CvHL. Success rate of nonsurgical treatments was lower than previously reported. Hobbles were 7.6 times more likely to be successful when compared to dogs treated without hobbles and remains a viable noninvasive first‐line treatment.

Clinical significance/impact

Hobbles are recommended as a low‐morbidity first‐line treatment for CvHL. An Ehmer sling is not recommended. Toggle rod stabilization is an effective surgical treatment for CvHL.
English in Germany as a foreign language and as a lingua franca
Authors: Mair Christian
Published: April 2024

The massive expansion of English in Germany over the past few decades has not challenged a robustly exonormative orientation, which still by and large recognises standardised British and American English as the most authentic and prestigious representations of the language. Attitudes to the use of English in the national context are diverse, ranging from enthusiastic embracement via grudging acceptance to active resistance. This diversity of opinion reflects the fact that English is currently transitioning from a foreign language (EFL) to a lingua franca (ELF). On the national scale, ELF use is promoted in business, academia and, more generally, among young and well‐educated Germans with an international orientation, but deeply resented by sectors of society. This paper argues that English (in its lingua franca function) has become the only language other than German that has open prestige. The task ahead will be to develop strategies of intelligent multilingualism that will help to ‘domesticate’ English in the national sociolinguistic context.
The dynamic role of the English language in contemporary Poland
Authors: Kasztalska Aleksandra , Swatek Aleksandra
Published: April 2024

Since the 2014 World Englishes report on English in Poland, the country has undergone shifts in education, politics and immigration. In this article, we summarize the key themes that have emerged in recently published research on English, including its use in everyday life, its impact on the Polish language, and its status and role in the Polish educational system, including K‐12 and higher education. We also discuss the impact of shifting national politics on the status and attitudes toward English in contemporary Polish society. In particular, we show how the growing neo‐nationalistic movement and the heated public debates on gender and sexuality play out in English language classrooms. We conclude the article with a discussion of future trends in English language use, teaching and learning.
The progress and stability of English in the French context
Authors: Deneire Marc , Forlot Gilles
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the present situation and the development of English in France during the past 25 years. After reviewing the expansion of English in pre‐university and higher education, and its spread in the press (Anglicisms), workplace and daily life, we come to the conclusion that English has made steady progress, in particular in the area of language education, but that its use for communicative purposes remains limited to international contexts. In most other fields, English is used for its connotative value, to evoke modernity, technological advances, coolness, educational pretense and sophistication.
Dryopteris melanocarpa (Dryopteridaceae), a new record of a fern species among the Korean flora of Jejudo Island
Authors: KO Soon Yeol , KIM Jung-Hyun , CHOI Jin Muk , JEUN Yong Chull
Published: April 2024

Dryopteris melanocarpa Hayata is an unrecorded perennial monilophyte species in Korea that belongs to the genus Dryopteris of Dryopteridaceae. It was initially found to grow wild in a cave on Daerok Mountain, Jejudo Island and has been known to grow spontaneously only in Taiwan and Japan thus far. This species is morphologically very similar to D. sparsa (D. Don) Kuntze and D. subexaltata (Christ) C. Chr. However, D. melanocarpa is distinguished from those related taxa in that the stipe scale shape is broadly lanceolate and its lamina is triangularly lanceolate and herbaceous. In this study, in order to identify the D. melanocarpa, which was found on Jejudo Island, morphological and molecular analyses were conducted.
The first complete chloroplast genome of Polygonatum hirtellum: Genome features and phylogenetic relationships
Authors: LIAO Binbin , ZHENG Jiamei , LIU Rong , LIU Yinglin , LIU Xi , CHEN Xubing
Published: April 2024

Polygonatum hirtellum is a perennial herb within the family Asparagaceae. In the present study, the chloroplast (cp) genome of P. hirtellum is reported for the first time, and its phylogenetic relationships are also investigated. The findings revealed that the cp genome was 155,697 bp and exhibited a typical quadripartite structure, consisting of a large single copy (84,468 bp), a small single copy (18,491 bp), and a pair of invert repeat sequences (26,369 bp). The GC content of the cp genomes amounted to 37.7%; 130 genes were identified, consisting of 84 protein-coding genes, 38 transfer RNA genes, and eight ribosomal RNA genes. A phylogenetic analysis based on the cp genome and coding sequence showed that P. hirtellum was a member of section Verticillata and could be distinguished from other species of the genus Polygonatum used in the analysis.
Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis of a Hybrid Power System Formed From Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Gas Turbine, and Organic Rankine Cycle
Authors: Yadav Anil Kumar , Kumar Anil , Sinha Shailendra
Published: April 2024

Distributed energy technology is an essential pathway for future advancements in the field of energy technology. In the present study, organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is integrated with solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-gas turbine (GT) hybrid power system. The conventional metrics employed for assessing the performance of SOFCs, gas turbines, and organic Rankine cycles, such as voltage and gross real efficiencies, have some limitations as indices of merit. Contemporary second law concepts and economic and environmental analysis have been used to enhance hybrid power system evaluation. R1233zd(E) has been selected as the ORC working fluid. The outcomes reveal that, under certain conditions, the present configuration may reach 55.67% energy efficiency and 53.55% exergy efficiency. Economic and environmental analysis shows that the hybrid system's total cost rate and Emissions of CO2 gas (EMI) under design conditions are 36.09 $/h and 355.8 kg/MWh, respectively. Thermodynamic evaluation of present SOFC-GT-ORC configuration shows 11.72% improvement in exergy efficiency compared to hybrid SOFC-GT cycle. Consequently, the hybrid SOFC-GT-ORC system is far better than the hybrid SOFC-GT system. In the future, other ORC fluids like R123, R601a, and R245fa can be used as ORC fluids.
Characterization of Surfactant Adsorption Profile in Carbonates Under Severe Reservoir Conditions With Geochemical Modeling Approach
Authors: Khurshid Ilyas , Addad Yacine , Afgan Imran
Published: April 2024

Chemical flooding has gained ample popularity as an effective technique to increase oil displacement and sweep efficiencies. However, very limited numerical applications of chemical flooding (surfactant and polymer) in carbonates are reported in the literature. Therefore, a geochemical-based surface complexation model is developed to characterize the adsorption profile of surfactants for the first time across the length of a core/reservoir. The proposed model is validated with various zeta-potential measurements and also with a recently conducted chemical flooding study. Additionally, sensitivity analysis of various parameters is performed, and it is found that surfactant effluent concentration decreases with the increase in flood temperature. It is observed that salinity reduction decreases the surfactant adsorption, increases the ionic repulsion amid the rock surface charge and the chemical species polarity. Similarly, when the concentration of surfactant is increased, the adsorption of surfactant concentration increases. However, the increase in surfactant adsorption is insignificant. The effect of sulfate spiking in chemical flooding is also investigated and it is found that an increase in sulfate concentration reduces the adsorption of surfactant across the reservoir. Moreover, the lowermost surfactant adsorption level is achieved through the injection of diluted water (<0.1 mg/g).
Predicting Tibia-Fibula Geometry and Density From Anatomical Landmarks Via Statistical Appearance Model: Influence of Errors on Finite Element-Calculated Bone Strain
Authors: Bruce Olivia L. , Tu Jean , Edwards W. Brent
Published: April 2024

State-of-the-art participant-specific finite element models require advanced medical imaging to quantify bone geometry and density distribution; access to and cost of imaging is prohibitive to the use of this approach. Statistical appearance models may enable estimation of participants' geometry and density in the absence of medical imaging. The purpose of this study was to: (1) quantify errors associated with predicting tibia-fibula geometry and density distribution from skin-mounted landmarks using a statistical appearance model and (2) quantify how those errors propagate to finite element-calculated bone strain. Participant-informed models of the tibia and fibula were generated for thirty participants from height and sex and from twelve skin-mounted landmarks using a statistical appearance model. Participant-specific running loads, calculated using gait data and a musculoskeletal model, were applied to participant-informed and CT-based models to predict bone strain using the finite element method. Participant-informed meshes illustrated median geometry and density distribution errors of 4.39–5.17 mm and 0.116–0.142 g/cm3, respectively, resulting in large errors in strain distribution (median RMSE = 476–492 με), peak strain (limits of agreement =±27–34%), and strained volume (limits of agreement =±104–202%). These findings indicate that neither skin-mounted landmark nor height and sex-based predictions could adequately approximate CT-derived participant-specific geometry, density distribution, or finite element-predicted bone strain and therefore should not be used for analyses comparing between groups or individuals.
PBVI for Optimal Photoplethysmography Noise Filter Selection Using Human Activity Recognition Observations for Improved Heart Rate Estimation on Multi-Sensor Systems
Authors: Sindorf Jacob J. , Redkar Sangram
Published: April 2024

This work details the partially observable markov decision process (POMDP) and the point-based value iteration (PBVI) algorithms for use in multisensor systems, specifically, a sensor system capable of heart rate (HR) estimation through wearable photoplethysmography (PPG) and accelerometer signals. PPG sensors are highly susceptible to motion artifact (MA); however, current methods focus more on overall MA filters, rather than action specific filtering. An end-to-end embedded human activity recognition (HAR) System is developed to represent the observation uncertainty, and two action specific PPG MA reducing filters are proposed as actions. PBVI allows optimal action decision-making based on an uncertain observation, effectively balancing correct action choice and sensor system cost. Two central systems are proposed to accompany these algorithms, one for unlimited observation access and one for limited observation access. Through simulation, it can be shown that the limited observation system performs optimally when sensor cost is negligible, while limited observation access performs optimally when a negative reward for sensor use is considered. The final general framework for POMDP and PBVI was applied to a specific HR estimation example. This work can be expanded on and used as a basis for future work on similar multisensor system.
A Physics-Based Model-Data-Driven Method for Spindle Health Diagnosis, Part II: Dynamic Simulation and Validation
Authors: Tai Chung-Yu , Altintas Yusuf
Published: April 2024

Mathematical modeling of bearing faults, worn tool holder taper contact interface, and unbalance are presented and integrated into a digital dynamic model of spindles in Part I of this paper. These faults lead to changes in preload and dynamic stiffness over time, consequently resulting in observable vibrations. This paper predicts the vibrations of a spindle at a particular measurement location by simulating the presence of a specific fault or multiple faults during spindle rotation. The vibration spectra generated by the digital spindle model at the spindle speed and its harmonics, the changes in the natural frequencies, and dynamic stiffnesses are correlated to faults with experimental validations. The simulated vibration spectrums are later used in training an artificial neural network for fault condition monitoring presented in Part III of the paper.
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3D Point Cloud Profiles
Authors: Biehler Michael , Shi Jianjun
Published: April 2024

In modern manufacturing processes, ensuring the precision of 3D profiles of products is crucial. Nonetheless, achieving this accuracy is challenging due to the complex interactions between process inputs and the data structure of the 3D profile data. Our solution, a 3D profile-based control framework, addresses this challenge by actively adapting and controlling the manufacturing process to enhance 3D shape accuracy. 3D profile scans represent the ultimate measure of desired part quality. Therefore, utilizing them as the system responses for control purposes yields the most direct and effective feedback. We leverage recent advancements from Koopman operator theory to create an effective model-based control strategy. Initially, we estimate the process model by exploring the relationship between 3D profiles and heterogeneous process inputs. Then, we formulate an online model predictive control law. Challenges include dealing with unstructured, high-dimensional 3D point cloud data, capturing spatial and temporal structures, and integrating heterogeneous, high-dimensional process input data into the control model. To overcome these challenges, we introduce RETROFIT, a solution designed for the real-time control of time-dependent 3D point cloud profiles. Unlike traditional models, RETROFIT is not bound by linear assumptions and can handle unstructured 3D point cloud data directly. We demonstrate its effectiveness through a wire arc additive manufacturing case study, highlighting its potential to enhance 3D profile accuracy in manufacturing processes.
Effects of Reynolds Number on the Wake Characteristics of a Notchback Ahmed Body
Authors: Ouedraogo Newton F. , Essel Ebenezer E.
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the effects of Reynolds number on the wake characteristics of a notchback Ahmed body with effective backlight angle, βe=17.8 deg. The Reynolds number based on the body height was varied from 5×103 to 5×104. Prior to the Reynolds number investigation, a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) model assessment was performed using nine turbulence models consisting of one- and two-equation eddy-viscosity models and second moment closure models. The standard Spalart–Allmaras model was the only model that accurately predicted the asymmetric time-averaged wake topology, as reported in previous studies, for the βe=17.8 deg notchback Ahmed body at Re=5×104. The drag coefficient decreased with increasing Reynolds number, while the lift coefficient remained constant for Re≥1×104. The wake structure exhibited three regimes: symmetric (Re≤1×104), transitionally asymmetric (1×1043.5×104) states. The wake asymmetry was attributed to an imbalance in entrainment from the sides and asymmetric separation from the roof and the C-pillars of the body. The tilting and stretching terms in the vorticity transport equation were used to provide insight into the source of asymmetry in the vorticity field around the body.
Identifying barriers to engage with soundscape standards: Insights from national standards bodies and experts
Authors: Aletta Francesco , Xiao Jieling , Kang Jian
Published: April 2024

This study explores the engagement of national standards bodies and practitioners with the ISO 12913 series on soundscape. It reveals critical challenges in stakeholder engagement, communication, competence, and practical application. A strategic roadmap, aligned with the normalization process theory, is proposed, comprising meaningful stakeholder engagement, building workability and integration, and community building and reflective monitoring. Results underscore the influence of national priorities, communication gaps, limited resources, and the need for practical guidance. Future efforts should focus on promoting cross-disciplinary collaboration and developing tools to quantify the societal and economic impact of soundscape interventions, addressing the multifaceted barriers identified.
Musical instruments as dynamic sound sources
Authors: Ackermann David , Brinkmann Fabian , Weinzierl Stefan
Published: April 2024

Unlike electro-acoustic sound sources, musical instruments have a time-varying, dynamic directivity, due to the note-dependent radiation behavior of the instrument and due to the expressive movements that musicians perform with their instrument. While previous studies have generally examined the directivity of the static, unmoved instrument for specific notes played, we show the individual and combined contributions of these two factors to a temporal modulation of the radiation behavior, based on motion tracking of typical movement patterns for all instruments of a classical symphony orchestra and on the directivity measured for all partials over the entire pitch range of these instruments. The effect of this modulation, which is manifested by changes in timbre and room acoustic excitation, was determined by spectral variations in the free field and under reverberant conditions, as well as by a modulation of room acoustic parameters. Our results show that these effects are well above the just noticeable differences for all musical instruments and all perceptual variables considered. While the effect of motion dominates for brass instruments, string and woodwind instruments exhibit large note-related differences, which should be taken into account in virtual acoustic realities if an auditory liveliness comparable to physical reality is to be achieved.
Automated approach for recovering modal components in shallow waters
Authors: Niclas Angèle , Garnier Josselin
Published: April 2024

This paper proposes a fully automated method for recovering modal components from a signal in shallow waters. The scenario involves an unknown source emitting low-frequency sound waves in a shallow water environment, and a single hydrophone recording the signal. The proposed automated algorithm is based on the warping method to separate each modal component in the time-frequency space. However, instead of manually choosing a single arrival time for extraction, the method performs successive extractions with automated time selection based on an explicit quality factor. Modal component separation is achieved through a watershed algorithm, streamlining the process and eliminating the need for manual intervention. The proposed method is tested on experimental data of a right whale gunshot, a combustive sound source, and a bowhead whale upsweep, demonstrating its effectiveness in real-world scenarios.
Temporal pitch matching with bilateral cochlear implants
Authors: Aronoff Justin M. , Soleimanifar Simin , BK Prajna
Published: April 2024

Interaural pitch matching is a common task used with bilateral cochlear implant (CI) users, although studies measuring this have largely focused on place-based pitch matches. Temporal-based pitch also plays an important role in CI users' perception, but interaural temporal-based pitch matching has not been well characterized for CI users. To investigate this, bilateral CI users were asked to match amplitude modulation frequencies of stimulation across ears. Comparisons were made to previous place-based pitch matching data that were collected using similar procedures. The results indicate that temporal-based pitch matching is particularly sensitive to the choice of reference ear.
Rheo-PIV study of slip effects on oscillatory shear measurements of a yield-stress fluid
Authors: Medina-Bañuelos Esteban F. , Marín-Santibáñez Benjamín M. , Pérez-González José
Published: April 2024

The influence of apparent slip on oscillatory shear measurements of a viscoplastic microgel [0.6 wt. % of poly(acrylic acid)] is analyzed by Couette and parallel-plate rheometry and particle image velocimetry (Rheo-PIV). We first provide direct evidence of a critical shear stress for the onset of slip of the microgel under oscillatory (σos) and nonoscillatory measurements (σs). Afterward, we describe the effect of slip on oscillatory measurements via waveforms, Bowditch–Lissajous curves, Fourier transform (FT) rheology, PIV, and as a sequence of physical processes (SPP). The effect of slip is mainly observed at low oscillating frequencies. For amplitudes of the oscillating stresses σ0 ≤ σos, the microgel exhibits linear viscoelastic behavior with in-phase strain response. For σos < σ0 ≤ yield stress (σy), slip introduces a phase shift in the strain response with a forward-tilted waveform and “mango” shape Bowditch–Lissajous curves. Meanwhile, FT rheology shows negligible even harmonics. The strain measured by the rheometer does not match the true strain determined by PIV in the presence of slip, resulting in waveforms that depend on how the displacement distribution is interpreted. This result indicates a break in the symmetry of the flow, that is, the microgel response no longer follows the imposed oscillation, which makes any attempt to correct oscillatory data for slip complex. This behavior arises from recoil of the slipping microgel after reaching its maximum displacement in a cycle. Finally, we provide an overall picture of the kinematics of the process of yielding in the presence of slip as an SPP.
In Physicians and Athletic Trainers, Is Burnout Associated With Self-Reported Medical Errors: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Myers Mark S. , Mansell Jamie L. , Tierney Ryan T. , Russ Anne C.
Published: April 2024

Clinical Question: In physicians and athletic trainers, is burnout associated with self-reported medical errors (MEs)? Clinical Bottom Line: Burnout directly increased the odds of self-reported ME. Physicians and surgeons with burnout had a higher risk of an self-reported ME than athletic trainers with burnout. This disparity may reflect the different definitions, oversight, and opportunities to commit MEs in the respective fields. Emotional exhaustion and personnel accomplishment appear to drive MEs within clinically practicing athletic trainers, whereas emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are indicative of MEs within practicing physicians. Understanding the mechanism behind burnout within practice settings may provide insights into mitigation strategies to reduce MEs and improve patient outcomes. Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy B.
Clinicians’ Attitudes, Perspectives, and Clinical Practices on Gait Retraining After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Southall Kyle , Vogtle Laura , Singh Harshvardhan , Ithurburn Matthew P. , Bickel C. Scott , Hurt Christopher P.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: It has been shown that 45%–85% of patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) will have early-onset arthritis within 10–12 years following surgery. Over the past two decades, the amount of literature regarding ACLR, gait maladaptations after ACLR and their potential link to early-onset arthritis, and rehabilitation techniques has grown exponentially; however, long-term patient outcomes remain modest. Methods: To evaluate current clinicians’ attitudes, perspectives, and clinical practice approach for rehabilitation of patients following ACLR, a survey questionnaire was designed using the Delphi technique. Results: Of the 263 respondents, 84.4% (n = 226) reported that they believed gait training to be “Very” or “Extremely Important.” However, only 35.7% (n = 94) reported objectively measuring gait during ACLR rehabilitation. Of the total respondents, only 6.8% (n = 18) assessed gait during rehabilitation using two-dimensional or three-dimensional motion capture technologies. Discussion: Our results suggest that while gait evaluation was perceived as important, most respondents did not objectively measure gait metrics as a clinical outcome during ACLR rehabilitation. These findings provide a prospective rehabilitation target to potentially mitigate a known risk factor of early-onset arthritis (gait maladaptations) in individuals following ACLR.
Surgical Intervention of a Fibular Stress Fracture in a Male Basketball Player: A Case Report
Authors: Meador Randall G. , Randolph Travis L. , Balcik Brenden J. , Hubbard David F. , McDonough Barry
Published: April 2024

This is a case of a 21-year-old male, African American Division I basketball player with a fibula stress fracture. The athlete initially reported pain, without distinct injury and was diagnosed with a stress fracture. After a short period of immobilization in a walking boot, this individual opted to undergo surgical intervention consisting of an intramedullary screw inserted in his left fibula. This was in consultation with the orthopedic team physician and orthopedic trauma surgeon. After a brief period of rest and continued immobilization in a walking boot, weight bearing as tolerated, the patient was able to start rehabilitation. He continued rehabilitation and progressive return to activity and was able to return to limited practice approximately 4 weeks. He played 13 min of a game in under 5 weeks (31 days). Stress fractures are not uncommon in basketball players, but a fibula stress fracture is one not often seen, and there is a paucity of data in the literature regarding this injury. A nonoperative approach to treatment of a fibula stress fracture typically yields good results but may lead to longer return than a surgical intervention. Providing athletes options for treatment may result in a quicker recovery. This case demonstrates a novel treatment option resulting in a quicker return to play.
Extracondylar Patellar Dislocation Inverted on the Vertical Axis in a Collegiate Football Athlete: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Roberts John C. , Zegan Alexis M. , Fink Alivia D. , Kubala Jane M.
Published: April 2024

A male, Division II collegiate football player presented with an extracondylar lateral patellar dislocation with inversion of the patella on its vertical axis following impact with the ground on the medial side. The patient was sedated for closed patellar reduction. He returned to full participation after 6 weeks of a progressive strength program. Extracondylar patellar inversion is not often associated with severe force or a direct blow, but the case described occurred after a high-impact tackle to the ground. This is also the only published case of a collegiate athlete returning to collision sport after sustaining an inverted extracondylar patellar dislocation. Despite the deformity and emergent nature of an inverted patellar dislocation, having patients complete early mobilization activities, including range of motion, and aggressive strengthening and functional progressions may facilitate a quick and safe return to highly intensive and competitive physical activity.
What Effect Do Goal Setting Interventions Have on Physical Activity and Psychological Outcomes in Insufficiently Active Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Garstang Katie R. , Jackman Patricia C. , Healy Laura C. , Cooper Simon B. , Magistro Daniele
Published: April 2024

Background: Goal setting is commonly used for promoting physical activity (PA) among insufficiently active individuals. Previous reviews have analyzed the effects of goal setting on PA, but the purpose of this systematic review was to examine the concurrent effects of goal setting on PA and psychological outcomes in insufficiently active individuals to support interventions aiming to produce sustained PA behavior change. Methods: In this review (PROSPERO: CRD42021243970), we identified 13 studies with 1208 insufficiently active adults that reported the effects of goal-setting interventions (range 3–24 wk) on both PA and psychological outcomes (eg, self-efficacy, motivation, and affect). We used meta-analysis and narrative synthesis to analyze these effects. Results: All goals used in the included studies were specific goals. Setting specific goals had a large, positive effect on PA (g [standard mean difference] = 1.11 [P < .001]; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–1.47), but only a small, positive effect on the combined psychological outcomes (g [standard mean difference] = 0.25 [P < .001]; 95% CI, 0.10–0.40). Moderator analyses revealed that interventions that did not reward participants had a significantly greater effect on PA than interventions that did provide rewards (g = 1.30 vs 0.60, respectively, P ≤ .003). No other significant moderators were found. Conclusion: Our review offers initial insight into the long-term effects of specific goals on PA and psychological outcomes in insufficiently active adults. Further research that examines the PA and psychological effects of goal-setting interventions and investigates a wider range of goal types could develop a stronger evidence base to inform intervention for insufficiently active individuals.