bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cigarette Smoking, a Risk Factor for Chronic Subclinical Inflammation and a Predictor of Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Healthy Population of Bangladesh
Authors: Rehnuma Behterin , Eva Sohely Najneen , Ibrahim Mohammad , Nasir Tareak Al , Ali Liaquat
Published: June 2016

Background and Aims: Smoking is a classical and major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Inflammatory activators and metabolic disorders are the mediators of smoking-induced atherosclerotic progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether smoking alter inflammatory or metabolic status and affect subclinical atherosclerosis in apparently healthy persons.Methods: A total number of 149 adults, age 30-60 yrs, were recruited in the study. Participants were divided into sub-groups of smokers (76) and non-smokers (73). All participants were interviewed and underwent physical examinations and blood collection. High-sensitivity C reactive protein (Hs-CRP) was measured to assess degree of underlying inflammation. Fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile were measured to assess metabolic condition. Data were analyzed using statistical Package for Social Program (SPSS) for Windows version 17.Results: Hs-CRP (p=0.017), Fasting glucose (p=0.003), Triglyceride (p=0.005) was significantly high in smokers in comparison with nonsmokers. BMI (p=0.012) and BFM (%) (p= <0.001) showed significantly lower in comparison with the counterpart. HDL-c (p=.030) was also significantly lower in smoker group than non-smoker group. In Spearmans correlation analyses Triglyceride (p=0.037) and smoking (p= 0.042) showed positive correlation with Hs-CRP. HDL-c is less in smoker subjects but not statistically up to the significant level.Conclusion: The rising Hs-CRP concentration reflects presence of chronic subclinical inflammation in middle aged Bangladeshi smokers and thus may have a risk for future cardiovascular disease.Pulse Vol.8 January-December 2015 p.30-37
Decompressive Hemicraniectomy in Hypertensive Basal Ganglia Hemorrhages
Authors: Joarder Md Aliuzzaman , Karim AKM Bazlul , Sujon Shariful Islam , Akhter Nahid , Waheeduzzaman Md , Shankar Dorai Raj Krupa , Jahangir Salim Mohammad , Chandy Mathew J
Published: June 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze efficacy and safety of decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) in hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage (HBGH). Neurosurgical management of HBGH is still a controversial issue. Surgical techniques are diverse, from the open large craniotomy, to the minimally invasive techniques like stereotactic aspiration of the HBGH, endoscopic evacuation and stereotactic catheter drainage after instillation of thrombolytic agents. Decompressive hemicraniectomy lowers intracranial pressure and improves outcome in patients with HBGH.Methods: 8 patients with HBGH who underwent decompressive craniectomy in the last 2 years were analyzed. Parameters investigated included clinical presentations, radiologic profile, time interval from ictus to surgery, and modified Rankin Scale score at 6 months.Results: The patients mean age 55 years, the mean Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 7 (range 513), the mean ICH volume was 58 ml (range 4070 ml), and the mean midline shift was 10.62 mm (range 6-16 mm). The outcome after 6 months was appreciated as good (modified Rankin Scale 04) or poor (modified Rankin Scale 5-6). Five patients had good and three had poor outcomes (including two deaths).Conclusion: We conclude, based on this small cohort, that DC can reduce mortality in some cases. Larger prospective studies are needed to assess safety and efficacy of this method.Pulse Vol.8 January-December 2015 p.38-42
A Phalangeal Osteoid Osteoma: A Case Report
Authors: Khalequezzaman Syed , Khan Biva Shrestha , Saha Bidyut K , Kumar Pankaj
Published: June 2016

Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone forming tumor of the growing skeleton that is most often seen in young men. It represents by pain and radiologic appearance of a nidus surrounded by osteosclerosis that occurs mostly in long bones of the lower extremity. Occurrence of this tumor in the hand is an uncommon condition. A 35 year old right-hand-dominant man presented to our orthopedic and trauma OPD with an approximately 2 year history of right middle finger pain without any history of trauma. He consulted previously with a local doctor and had undergone xray of the hand with no definitive diagnosis. Computed tomography at our institution was consistent with the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. The patient was treated with surgical excision of the lesion without bone grafting. The diagnosis of osteoid osteoma was confirmed by histopathology. Follow up visit showed complete resolution of pain. In this case demonstrating that osteoid osteoma is an important differential diagnosis in patients with finger pain.Pulse Vol.8 January-December 2015 p.69-72
Case Report of a Child with Developmental Delay
Authors: Rahman Toshiba
Published: June 2016

The cerebral palsies are a group of conditions due to non progressive damage to the brain before, during or after birth. There are many causes. Although the brain damage itself doesnt change nor is it curable, the symptoms may change with time. Classifications vary in different clinics and countries. usually there is the spastic, the athetoid and the ataxic type. The diagnostic classification may not play a direct role in the therapy plans. Diagnostic types are based on the predominant symptoms and there may be symptoms of the other types Although the motor delay and dysfunctions are the main problems in the cerebral palsies there is the possibility of other handicaps. The brain damage itself can be diffuse enough to affect speech and hearing, vision, perceptual function, mental ability and general behaviour. Epilepsy may occur. There may also be other associated handicaps which are due to lack of motor experiences in physically disabled children. Lack of motor exploration affects development of sensation perceptions, mental abilities and speech, emotional and social skills are also hampered. Parent-Child interaction is not always easy and may create emotional problems. Early therapy is advisable to minimize the degree of motor handicap and of the secondary development handicaps.Pulse Vol.8 January-December 2015 p.73-76
A MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) Imagery for Urban Heat Island Research
Authors: Zhao Qunshan , Wentz Elizabeth
Published: June 2016

Thermal imagery is widely used to quantify land surface temperatures to monitor the spatial extent and thermal intensity of the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Previous research has applied Landsat images, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images, and other coarse- to medium-resolution remotely sensed imagery to estimate surface temperature. These data are frequently correlated with vegetation, impervious surfaces, and temperature to quantify the drivers of the UHI effect. Because of the coarse- to medium-resolution of the thermal imagery, researchers are unable to correlate these temperature data with the more generally available high-resolution land cover classification, which are derived from high-resolution multispectral imagery. The development of advanced thermal sensors with very high-resolution thermal imagery such as the MODIS/ASTER airborne simulator (MASTER) has investigators quantifying the relationship between detailed land cover and land surface temperature. While this is an obvious next step, the published literature, i.e., the MASTER data, are often used to discriminate burned areas, assess fire severity, and classify urban land cover. Considerably less attention is given to use MASTER data in the UHI research. We demonstrate here that MASTER data in combination with high-resolution multispectral data has made it possible to monitor and model the relationship between temperature and detailed land cover such as building rooftops, residential street pavements, and parcel-based landscaping. Here, we report on data sources to conduct this type of UHI research and endeavor to intrigue researchers and scientists such that high-resolution airborne thermal imagery is used to further explore the UHI effect.
A Program to Improve Reach Estimation and Reduce Fall Risk in the Elderly
Authors: Gabbard Carl , Robinson Kristyn , Fox Ashley
Published: June 2016

Contemporary research findings indicate that in older persons (typically 64 > years) there are functional decrements in the ability to mentally represent and effectively plan motor actions. Actions, if poorly planned, can result in falling, a major health concern for the elderly. Whereas a number of factors may contribute to falls, over- or underestimation of reach abilities may lead to loss of postural control (balance) and pose a higher risk of falling. Our intent with this paper was to provide: (1) a brief background of the problem, (2) suggest strategies for mental (motor) imagery practice in the context of reach planning, and (3) describe general guidelines and a sample practice format of a training program for clinical use. Mental (motor) imagery practice of reach planning has potential for improving motor performance in reach-related everyday activities and reducing the risk of falls in older persons.
Childhood Health Status and Adulthood Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity in Rural China: Are They Related?
Authors: Wang Qing , Shen Jay
Published: June 2016

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the top health problems of the Chinese population. Although mounting evidence suggests that early childhood health status has an enduring effect on late life chronic morbidity, no study so far has analyzed the issue in China. Using nationally representative data from the 2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a Probit model and Two-Stage Residual Inclusion estimation estimator were applied to analyze the relationship between childhood health status and adulthood cardiovascular disease in rural China. Good childhood health was associated with reduced risk of adult CVDs. Given the long-term effects of childhood health on adulthood health later on, health policy and programs to improve the health status and well-being of Chinese populations over the entire life cycle, especially in persons’ early life, are expected to be effective and successful.
3-Dimensional Modeling and Simulation of the Cloud Based on Cellular Automata and Particle System
Authors: Bi Shuoben , Bi Shengjie , Zeng Xiaowen , Lu Yuan , Zhou Hao
Published: June 2016

The authors combine the cellular automata with particle system to realize the three-dimensional modeling and visualization of the cloud in the paper. First, we use the principle of particle systems to simulate the outline of the cloud; generate uniform particles in the bounding volumes of the cloud through random function; build the cloud particle system; and initialize the particle number, size, location and related properties. Then the principle of cellular automata system is adopted to deal with uniform particles simulated by the particle system to make it conform to the rules set by the user, and calculate its continuous field density. We render the final cloud particles with a texture map and simulate the more realistic three-dimensional cloud. This method not only obtains the real effect in the simulation, but also improves the rendering performance.
Tetrapyrroles as Endogenous TSPO Ligands in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes: Comparisons with Synthetic Ligands
Authors: Veenman Leo , Vainshtein Alex , Yasin Nasra , Azrad Maya , Gavish Moshe
Published: June 2016

The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is highly 0conserved in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Since its discovery in 1977, numerous studies established the TSPO’s importance for life essential functions. For these studies, synthetic TSPO ligands typically are applied. Tetrapyrroles present endogenous ligands for the TSPO. Tetrapyrroles are also evolutionarily conserved and regulate multiple functions. TSPO and tetrapyrroles regulate each other. In animals TSPO-tetrapyrrole interactions range from effects on embryonic development to metabolism, programmed cell death, response to stress, injury and disease, and even to life span extension. In animals TSPOs are primarily located in mitochondria. In plants TSPOs are also present in plastids, the nuclear fraction, the endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi stacks. This may contribute to translocation of tetrapyrrole intermediates across organelles’ membranes. As in animals, plant TSPO binds heme and protoporphyrin IX. TSPO-tetrapyrrole interactions in plants appear to relate to development as well as stress conditions, including salt tolerance, abscisic acid-induced stress, reactive oxygen species homeostasis, and finally cell death regulation. In bacteria, TSPO is important for switching from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, including the regulation of photosynthesis. As in mitochondria, in bacteria TSPO is located in the outer membrane. TSPO-tetrapyrrole interactions may be part of the establishment of the bacterial-eukaryote relationships, i.e., mitochondrial-eukaryote and plastid-plant endosymbiotic relationships.
Regulation of Small RNAs and Corresponding Targets in Nod Factor-Induced Phaseolus vulgaris Root Hair Cells
Authors: Formey Damien , Martín-Rodríguez José , Leija Alfonso , Santana Olivia , Quinto Carmen , Cárdenas Luis , Hernández Georgina
Published: June 2016

A genome-wide analysis identified the set of small RNAs (sRNAs) from the agronomical important legume Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), including novel P. vulgaris-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) potentially important for the regulation of the rhizobia-symbiotic process. Generally, novel miRNAs are difficult to identify and study because they are very lowly expressed in a tissue- or cell-specific manner. In this work, we aimed to analyze sRNAs from common bean root hairs (RH), a single-cell model, induced with pure Rhizobium etli nodulation factors (NF), a unique type of signal molecule. The sequence analysis of samples from NF-induced and control libraries led to the identity of 132 mature miRNAs, including 63 novel miRNAs and 1984 phasiRNAs. From these, six miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed during NF induction, including one novel miRNA: miR-RH82. A parallel degradome analysis of the same samples revealed 29 targets potentially cleaved by novel miRNAs specifically in NF-induced RH samples; however, these novel miRNAs were not differentially accumulated in this tissue. This study reveals Phaseolus vulgaris-specific novel miRNA candidates and their corresponding targets that meet all criteria to be involved in the regulation of the early nodulation events, thus setting the basis for exploring miRNA-mediated improvement of the common bean–rhizobia symbiosis.
A Role for the Intestinal Microbiota and Virome in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)?
Authors: Navaneetharaja Navena , Griffiths Verity , Wileman Tom , Carding Simon
Published: June 2016

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a heterogeneous disorder of significant societal impact that is proposed to involve both host and environmentally derived aetiologies that may be autoimmune in nature. Immune-related symptoms of at least moderate severity persisting for prolonged periods of time are common in ME/CFS patients and B cell depletion therapy is of significant therapeutic benefit. The origin of these symptoms and whether it is infectious or inflammatory in nature is not clear, with seeking evidence of acute or chronic virus infections contributing to the induction of autoimmune processes in ME/CFS being an area of recent interest. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence supporting an infectious aetiology for ME/CFS leading us to propose the novel concept that the intestinal microbiota and in particular members of the virome are a source of the “infectious” trigger of the disease. Such an approach has the potential to identify disease biomarkers and influence therapeutics, providing much-needed approaches in preventing and managing a disease desperately in need of confronting.
An Approach to Solid-State Electrical Double Layer Capacitors Fabricated with Graphene Oxide-Doped, Ionic Liquid-Based Solid Copolymer Electrolytes
Authors: Fattah N. , Ng H. , Mahipal Y. , Numan Arshid , Ramesh S. , Ramesh K.
Published: June 2016

Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) composed of semi-crystalline poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) [P(VdF-HFP)] copolymer, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethyl sulphonyl) imide [EMI-BTI] and graphene oxide (GO) was prepared and its performance evaluated. The effects of GO nano-filler were investigated in terms of enhancement in ionic conductivity along with the electrochemical properties of its electrical double layer capacitors (EDLC). The GO-doped SPE shows improvement in ionic conductivity compared to the P(VdF-HFP)-[EMI-BTI] SPE system due to the existence of the abundant oxygen-containing functional group in GO that assists in the improvement of the ion mobility in the polymer matrix. The complexation of the materials in the SPE is confirmed in X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies. The electrochemical performance of EDLC fabricated with GO-doped SPE is examined using cyclic voltammetry and charge–discharge techniques. The maximum specific capacitance obtained is 29.6 F∙g−1, which is observed at a scan rate of 3 mV/s in 6 wt % GO-doped, SPE-based EDLC. It also has excellent cyclic retention as it is able keep the performance of the EDLC at 94% even after 3000 cycles. These results suggest GO doped SPE plays a significant role in energy storage application.
Propagation of Ultrasonic Guided Waves in Composite Multi-Wire Ropes
Authors: Raisutis Renaldas , Kazys Rymantas , Mazeika Liudas , Samaitis Vykintas , Zukauskas Egidijus
Published: June 2016

Multi-wire ropes are widely used as load-carrying constructional elements in bridges, cranes, elevators, etc. Structural integrity of such ropes can be inspected by using non-destructive ultrasonic techniques. The objective of this work was to investigate propagation of ultrasonic guided waves (UGW) along composite multi-wire ropes in the cases of various types of acoustic contacts between neighboring wires and the plastic core. The modes of UGW propagating along the multi-wire ropes were identified using modelling, the dispersion curves were calculated using analytical and semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) techniques. In order to investigate the effects of UGW propagation, the two types of the acoustic contact between neighboring wires were simulated using the 3D finite element method (FE) as well. The key question of investigation was estimation of the actual boundary conditions between neighboring wires (solid or slip) and the real depth of penetration of UGW into the overall cross-section of the rope. Therefore, in order to verify the results of FE modelling, the guided wave penetration into strands of multi-wire rope was investigated experimentally. The performed modelling and experimental investigation enabled us to select optimal parameters of UGW to be used for non-destructive testing.
Design and Preparation of Nano-Lignin Peroxidase (NanoLiP) by Protein Block Copolymerization Approach
Authors: Tay Turgay , Köse Ender , Keçili Rüstem , Say Rıdvan
Published: June 2016

This study describes the preparation of nanoprotein particles having lignin peroxidase (LiP) using a photosensitive microemulsion polymerization technique. The protein-based nano block polymer was synthesized by cross-linking of ligninase enzyme with ruthenium-based aminoacid monomers. This type polymerization process brought stability in different reaction conditions, reusability and functionality to the protein-based nano block polymer system when compared the traditional methods. After characterization of the prepared LiP copolymer nanoparticles, enzymatic activity studies of the nanoenzymes were carried out using tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as the substrate. The parameters such as pH, temperature and initial enzyme concentration that affect the activity, were investigated by using prepared nanoLip particles and compared to free LiP. The reusability of the nano-LiP particles was also investigated and the obtained results showed that the nano-LiP particles exhibited admirable potential as a reusable catalyst.
The Inventory of Complicated Spiritual Grief: Assessing Spiritual Crisis Following Loss
Authors: Burke Laurie , Neimeyer Robert
Published: June 2016

Following the death of a loved one, many grievers endorse spirituality as a source of both solace and strain. Studies show that some grievers struggle significantly with both their relationship with God and their faith community, a condition known as complicated spiritual grief (CSG). However, researchers have lacked a simple, multidimensional, well-validated, grief-specific measure of CSG. In this brief report, we reviewed the psychometric validation process and clinical utility of a measure called the Inventory of Complicated Spiritual Grief (ICSG), which was tested with 304 Christian grievers. The 18-item ICSG was shown to have strong internal consistency, high test–retest reliability, and convergent and incremental validity and supported a two-factor model, measuring one’s insecurity with God and the disruption in one’s religious practice.
Determination of the Optimal Mounting Depth for Calculating Effective Soil Temperature at L-Band: Maqu Case
Authors: Lv Shaoning , Zeng Yijian , Wen Jun , Zheng Donghai , Su Zhongbo
Published: June 2016

Effective soil temperature T e f f is one of the basic parameters in passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture. At present, dedicated satellite soil moisture monitoring missions use the L-band as the operating frequency. However, T e f f at the L-band is strongly affected by soil moisture and temperature profiles. Recently, a two-layer scheme and a corresponding multilayer form have been developed to accommodate such influences. In this study, the soil moisture/temperature data collected and simulated by the Noah land surface model across the Maqu Network are used to verify the newly developed schemes. There are two key findings. Firstly, the new two-layer scheme is able to assess which site provides relatively higher accuracy when estimating T e f f . It is found that, on average, nearly 20% of the T e f f signal cannot be captured by the Maqu Network, in the currently assumed common installation configuration. This knowledge is important, since the spatial averaged brightness temperature (a function of T e f f ) is used to determine soil moisture. Secondly, the developed method has made it possible to identify that the optimal mounting depths for the observation pair are 5 cm and 20 cm for calculating T e f f at the center station in the Maqu Network. It has been suggested that the newly developed method can provide an objective way to configure an optimal soil moisture/temperature network and improve the representativeness of the existing networks regarding the calculation of T e f f .
Examination of Abiotic Drivers and Their Influence on Spartina alterniflora Biomass over a Twenty-Eight Year Period Using Landsat 5 TM Satellite Imagery of the Central Georgia Coast
Authors: O’Donnell John , Schalles John
Published: June 2016

We examined the influence of abiotic drivers on inter-annual and phenological patterns of aboveground biomass for Marsh Cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, on the Central Georgia Coast. The linkages between drivers and plant response via soil edaphic factors are captured in our graphical conceptual model. We used geospatial techniques to scale up in situ measurements of aboveground S. alterniflora biomass to landscape level estimates using 294 Landsat 5 TM scenes acquired between 1984 and 2011. For each scene we extracted data from the same 63 sampling polygons, containing 1222 pixels covering about 1.1 million m2. Using univariate and multiple regression tests, we compared Landsat derived biomass estimates for three S. alterniflora size classes against a suite of abiotic drivers. River discharge, total precipitation, minimum temperature, and mean sea level had positive relationships with and best explained biomass for all dates. Additional results, using seasonally binned data, indicated biomass was responsive to changing combinations of variables across the seasons. Our 28-year analysis revealed aboveground biomass declines of 33%, 35%, and 39% for S. alterniflora tall, medium, and short size classes, respectively. This decline correlated with drought frequency and severity trends and coincided with marsh die-backs events and increased snail herbivory in the second half of the study period.
Fire Source Localization Based on Distributed Temperature Sensing by a Dual-Line Optical Fiber System
Authors: Sun Miao , Tang Yuquan , Yang Shuang , Li Jun , Sigrist Markus , Dong Fengzhong
Published: June 2016

We propose a method for localizing a fire source using an optical fiber distributed temperature sensor system. A section of two parallel optical fibers employed as the sensing element is installed near the ceiling of a closed room in which the fire source is located. By measuring the temperature of hot air flows, the problem of three-dimensional fire source localization is transformed to two dimensions. The method of the source location is verified with experiments using burning alcohol as fire source, and it is demonstrated that the method represents a robust and reliable technique for localizing a fire source also for long sensing ranges.
AAU-Specific RNA Cleavage Mediated by MazF Toxin Endoribonuclease Conserved in Nitrosomonas europaea
Authors: Miyamoto Tatsuki , Yokota Akiko , Tsuneda Satoshi , Noda Naohiro
Published: June 2016

Nitrosomonas europaea carries numerous toxin-antitoxin systems. However, despite the abundant representation in its chromosome, studies have not surveyed the underlying molecular functions in detail, and their biological roles remain enigmatic. In the present study, we found that a chromosomally-encoded MazF family member, predicted at the locus NE1181, is a functional toxin endoribonuclease, and constitutes a toxin-antitoxin system, together with its cognate antitoxin, MazE. Massive parallel sequencing provided strong evidence that this toxin endoribonuclease exhibits RNA cleavage activity, primarily against the AAU triplet. This sequence-specificity was supported by the results of fluorometric assays. Our results indicate that N. europaea alters the translation profile and regulates its growth using the MazF family of endoribonuclease under certain stressful conditions.
Les églises médiévales du Hainaut d'après les gouaches des albums de Croÿ.
Authors: Thiébaut Jacques
Published: June 2016

De middeleeuwse kerken in Henegouwen, in de gouaches in de Albums de Croy.

Noord-Frankrijk is waarschijnlijk een streek waarvan het monumentaal patrimonium het sterkst is beschadigd geworden. Merkwaardig genoeg kan men er een goed beeld krijgen van de kastelen en kerken bij het begin van de 17de eeuw, dank zij de gouaches in de albums van de hertog van Croy. 211 dorpen in Henegouwen werden geschilderd. 80 kerken hebben een koor dat lager en nauwer is dan het schip. De torens staan meestal ten westen van het gebouw en hebben gewoonlijk een spits dak wat toont dat de kerk tenminste gedeeltelijk herbouwd werd in de gotische période. Het ware nuttig dit onderzoek uit te breiden naar de andere streken in de reeks albums.
Des lices et des joncs : rivière et draperies de la vallée de la Lys à la fin du Moyen Age.
Authors: Haquette Bertrand
Published: June 2016

Les centres drapiers s'égrènent et prospèrent le long des berges de la Lys de la fin du XIIIe s. au milieu du XVe s. L'organisation de l'espace et de la production est tout à fait originale. Localement, la possession d'un sceau (garantissant la qualité) et des fonctions urbaines établit une hiérarchie entre les villages producteurs, renforçant les liens villes-campagnes et les réseaux en étoile (approvisionnement en filés à l'étape de Moorsele). Nombreux sont les drapiers : l'accès au métier est facile tant que les magnats (qui modifient les règlements selon leurs intérêts) préservent leur chiffre d'affaires. La sous-traitance côtoie la liberté d'entreprendre et la pluriactivité : le terme drapier couvre en réalité une foule de conditions sociales. La gamme des produits est très étendue. Les plus sophistiqués font l'objet d'un grand commerce intensifiant les relations entre les villes situées sur les affluents de l'Escaut. La diffusion concerne aussi des espaces plus lointains comme le bassin méditerranéen ou la mer Baltique. Certaines compagnies italiennes ont même des intérêts jusque dans la production.
Les premiers inspecteurs primaires du département du Nord : de la loi Guizot (1833) à la loi Falloux (1850)
Authors: Ravier Joël
Published: June 2016

De eerste inspecteurs van het lager onderwijs in het département Nord : van de wet Guizot (1833) tot de wet Falloux (1850).

In februari heeft Guizot een korps inspecteurs lager onderwijs in het leven geroepen en zo de uitvoering mogelijk gemaakt van de maatregelen vervat in de wet van 28 juni 1833, de eerste grote schoolwet van de 19de eeuw.

In dit artikel wordt beschreven hoe tijdens de julimonarchie en de Tweede Republiek de eerste inspecteurs in het département werden aangeworven en hoe de verhouding tussen dit universitaire korps en de verschillende administratieve en politieke overheden evolueerde.
Synthesis of a deuterated probe for the confocal Raman microscopy imaging of squalenoyl nanomedicines
Authors: Buchy Eric , Vukosavljevic Branko , Windbergs Maike , Sobot Dunja , Dejean Camille , Mura Simona , Couvreur Patrick , Desmaële Didier
Published: June 2016

The synthesis of ω-di-(trideuteromethyl)-trisnorsqualenic acid has been achieved from natural squalene. The synthesis features the use of a Shapiro reaction of acetone-d6 trisylhydrazone as a key step to implement the terminal isopropylidene-d6 moiety. The obtained squalenic acid-d6 has been coupled to gemcitabine to provide the deuterated analogue of squalenoyl gemcitabine, a powerful anticancer agent endowed with self-assembling properties. The Raman spectra of both deuterated and non-deuterated squalenoyl gemcitabine nanoparticles displayed significant Raman scattering signals. They revealed no differences except from the deuterium peak patterns in the silent spectral region of cells. This paves the way for label-free intracellular trafficking studies of squalenoyl nanomedicines.
EG ANDROMEDAE: A NEW ORBIT AND ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE FOR A PHOTOIONIZED WIND
Authors: Kenyon Scott J. , Garcia Michael R.
Published: June 2016

We analyze a roughly 20 yr set of spectroscopic observations for the symbiotic binary EG And. Radial velocities derived from echelle spectra are best fit with a circular orbit having an orbital period of P = 483.3 ± 1.6 days and semi-amplitude K = 7.34 ± 0.07 km s−1. Combined with previous data, these observations rule out an elliptical orbit at the 10σ level. Equivalent widths of H i Balmer emission lines and various absorption features vary in phase with the orbital period. Relative to the radius of the red giant primary, the apparent size of the H ii region is consistent with a model where a hot secondary star with effective temperature T

h
≈ 75,000 K ionizes the wind from the red giant.
ABSOLUTE PROPERTIES OF THE PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE ECLIPSING BINARY STAR NP PERSEI
Authors: Lacy Claud H. Sandberg , Fekel Francis C. , Pavlovski Krešimir , Torres Guillermo , Muterspaugh Matthew W.
Published: June 2016

NP Per is a well-detached, 2.2 day eclipsing binary whose components are both pre-main-sequence stars that are still contracting toward the main-sequence phase of evolution. We report extensive photometric and spectroscopic observations with which we have determined their properties accurately. Their surface temperatures are quite different: 6420 ± 90 K for the larger F5 primary star and 4540 ± 160 K for the smaller K5e star. Their masses and radii are 1.3207 ± 0.0087 solar masses and 1.372 ± 0.013 solar radii for the primary, and 1.0456 ± 0.0046 solar masses and 1.229 ± 0.013 solar radii for the secondary. The orbital period is variable over long periods of time. A comparison of the observations with current stellar evolution models from MESA indicates that the stars cannot be fit at a single age: the secondary appears significantly younger than the primary. If the stars are assumed to be coeval and to have the age of the primary (17 Myr), then the secondary is larger and cooler than predicted by current models. The Hα spectral line of the secondary component is completely filled by, presumably, chromospheric emission due to a magnetic activity cycle.
EXPLAINING THE STELLAR INITIAL MASS FUNCTION WITH THE THEORY OF SPATIAL NETWORKS
Authors: Klishin Andrei A. , Chilingarian Igor
Published: June 2016

The distributions of stars and prestellar cores by mass (initial and dense core mass functions, IMF/DCMF) are among the key factors regulating star formation and are the subject of detailed theoretical and observational studies. Results from numerical simulations of star formation qualitatively resemble an observed mass function, a scale-free power law with a sharp decline at low masses. However, most analytic IMF theories critically depend on the empirically chosen input spectrum of mass fluctuations which evolve into dense cores and, subsequently, stars, and on the scaling relation between the amplitude and mass of a fluctuation. Here we propose a new approach exploiting techniques from the field of network science. We represent a system of dense cores accreting gas from the surrounding diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) as a spatial network growing by preferential attachment and assume that the ISM density has a self-similar fractal distribution following the Kolmogorov turbulence theory. We effectively combine gravoturbulent and competitive accretion approaches and predict the accretion rate to be proportional to the dense core mass:

. Then we describe the dense core growth and demonstrate that the power-law core mass function emerges independently of the initial distribution of density fluctuations by mass. Our model yields a power law solely defined by the fractal dimensionalities of the ISM and accreting gas. With a proper choice of the low-mass cut-off, it reproduces observations over three decades in mass. We also rule out a low-mass star dominated “bottom-heavy” IMF in a single star-forming region.
SPINNING DUST EMISSION FROM ULTRA-SMALL SILICATES: EMISSIVITY AND POLARIZATION SPECTRUM
Authors: Hoang Thiem , Vinh Nguyen-Anh , Lan Nguyen Quynh
Published: June 2016

Anomalous microwave emission (AME) is an important Galactic foreground of cosmic microwave background radiation. It is believed that AME arises from rotational emission by spinning polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the interstellar medium (ISM). In this paper, we suppose that a new population of ultra-small silicate grains perhaps exists in the ISM, and quantify the rotational emissivity from these tiny particles and its polarization spectrum. We find that spinning silicate nanoparticles can produce strong rotational emission when the tiny grains follow a log-normal size distribution. The polarization fraction of spinning dust emission from tiny silicates increases with decreasing dipole moment per atom (β) and can reach

for

at a grain temperature of 60 K. We identify a parameter space

, with

being the fraction of Si abundance in nanoparticles, in which its rotational emission can adequately reproduce both the observed AME and the polarization of the AME, without violating the observational constraints of ultraviolet extinction and polarization of starlight. Our results reveal that rotational emission from spinning silicate may be an important source of AME.
THE DEPENDENCE OF CORONAL LOOP HEATING ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SLOW PHOTOSPHERIC MOTIONS
Authors: Ritchie M. L. , Wilmot-Smith A. L. , Hornig G.
Published: June 2016

The Parker hypothesis assumes that heating of coronal loops occurs due to reconnection, induced when photospheric motions braid field lines to the point of current sheet formation. In this contribution we address the question of how the nature of photospheric motions affects the heating of braided coronal loops. We design a series of boundary drivers and quantify their properties in terms of complexity and helicity injection. We examine a series of long-duration full resistive MHD simulations in which a simulated coronal loop, consisting of initially uniform field lines, is subject to these photospheric flows. Braiding of the loop is continually driven until differences in behavior induced by the drivers can be characterized. It is shown that heating is crucially dependent on the nature of the photospheric driver—coherent motions typically lead to fewer large energy release events, while more complex motions result in more frequent but less energetic heating events.
SHORTEST RECURRENCE PERIODS OF FORCED NOVAE
Authors: Hachisu Izumi , Saio Hideyuki , Kato Mariko
Published: June 2016

We revisit hydrogen shell burning on white dwarfs (WDs) with higher mass accretion rates than the stability limit,

, above which hydrogen burning is stable. Novae occur with mass accretion rates below the limit. For an accretion rate >

, a first hydrogen shell flash occurs followed by steady nuclear burning, so the shell burning will not be quenched as long as the WD continuously accretes matter. On the basis of this picture, some persistent supersoft X-ray sources can be explained by binary models with high accretion rates. In some recent studies, however, the claim has been made that no steady hydrogen shell burning exists even for accretion rates >

. We demonstrate that, in such cases, repetitive flashes occurred because mass accretion was artificially controlled. If we stop mass accretion during the outburst, no new nuclear fuel is supplied, so the shell burning will eventually stop. If we resume mass accretion after some time, the next outburst eventually occurs. In this way, we can design the duration of outburst and interpulse time with manipulated mass accretion. We call such a controlled nova a “forced nova.” These forced novae, if they exist, could have much shorter recurrence periods than “natural novae.” We have obtained the shortest recurrence periods for forced novae for various WD masses. Based on the results, we revisit WD masses of some recurrent novae, including T Pyx.
DYNAMICAL FORMATION OF THE GW150914 BINARY BLACK HOLE
Authors: Rodriguez Carl L. , Haster Carl-Johan , Chatterjee Sourav , Kalogera Vicky , Rasio Frederic A.
Published: June 2016

We explore the possibility that GW150914, the binary black hole (BBH) merger recently detected by Advanced LIGO, was formed by gravitational interactions in the core of a dense star cluster. Using models of globular clusters (GCs) with detailed N-body dynamics and stellar evolution, we show that a typical cluster with a mass of

3
×

10

5

M

⊙

to

6
×

10

5

M

⊙

is optimal for forming GW150914-like BBHs that will merge in the local universe. We identify the most likely dynamical processes for forming GW150914 in such a cluster, and we show that the detection of GW150914 is consistent with the masses and merger rates expected for BBHs from GCs. Our results show that dynamical processes provide a significant and well-understood pathway for forming BBH mergers in the local universe. Understanding the contribution of dynamics to the BBH merger problem is a critical step in unlocking the full potential of gravitational-wave astronomy.
ON ASSOCIATING FAST RADIO BURSTS WITH AFTERGLOWS
Authors: Vedantham H. K. , Ravi V. , Mooley K. , Frail D. , Hallinan G. , Kulkarni S. R.
Published: June 2016

A radio source that faded over six days, with a redshift of z ≈ 0.5 host, has been identified by Keane et al. as the transient afterglow to a fast radio burst (FRB 150418). We report follow-up radio and optical observations of the afterglow candidate and find a source that is consistent with an active galactic nucleus. If the afterglow candidate is nonetheless a prototypical FRB afterglow, existing slow-transient surveys limit the fraction of FRBs that produce afterglows to 0.25 for afterglows with fractional variation,

m
=
2
∣

S

1

−

S

2

∣

/

(

S

1

+

S

2

)
≥
0.7

, and 0.07 for m ≥ 1, at 95% confidence. In anticipation of a barrage of bursts expected from future FRB surveys, we provide a simple framework for statistical association of FRBs with afterglows. Our framework properly accounts for statistical uncertainties, and ensures consistency with limits set by slow-transient surveys.
Honoring Individual Choice in Long-Term Residential Communities When It Involves Risk: A Person-Centered Approach
Authors: Calkins Margaret , Brush Jennifer
Published: June 2016

Nursing homes that are working on adopting person-centered care (PCC) practices express concerns about giving residents the freedom to make their own decisions and the accompanying risks. This challenge is especially true for those who are at the beginning of the PCC change process. Although the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services regulations are clear that residents have the right to a dignified existence and self-determination, and that the facility must protect and promote their rights, examples abound of care communities coercing, cajoling, or requiring residents to do things they do not want to do (e.g., take medications), or the reverse of not letting them do what they want (e.g., eat a regular diet). The current article discusses a process that helps care communities follow the regulations about education and offering choices while honoring resident preferences and documenting the process for surveyors. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 42
(8), 12–17.]
Minimally Traumatic Spinopelvic Dissociation With Prolonged Bisphosphonate Use
Authors: Oitment Colby , Sivakumar Brahman S. , Bozzo Anthony , McCarthy Colm , Wong Peter , Tetsworth Kevin
Published: June 2016

Bisphosphonates have become the first-line treatment for diseases involving excessive osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. However, evidence suggests that elevated doses or prolonged treatment may impair normal skeletal mineralization and may be associated with fractures. The majority of these fractures are located in the subtrochanteric region. This article presents the first described case of atraumatic spinopelvic dissociation related to a combination of osteoporosis and prolonged bisphosphonate use. The current literature also is reviewed, and putative mechanisms and management options are discussed. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(4):e753–e755.]
Management of Snapping Scapula Syndrome
Authors: Wang Mark L. , Miller Andrew J. , Ballard Brooke L. , Botte Michael J.
Published: June 2016

Snapping scapula syndrome is a rare condition caused by the disruption of the gliding articulation between the anterior scapula and the posterior chest wall. The etiology of snapping scapula syndrome is multifactorial, and contributing factors include scapular dyskinesis, bursitis from repetitive use or trauma, and periscapular lesions. Although the majority of cases are initially treated with nonoperative modalities, recalcitrant snapping scapula syndrome can warrant surgical management. This report describes a 34-year-old amateur weight lifter with a 1-year history of increasing pain and fullness over his posterior shoulder region. He reported full shoulder motion associated with an audible, palpable, and painful crepitus, exacerbated with overhead movement and wall pushups. Previous periscapular stabilization exercises and corticosteroid injection yielded minimal resolution of his symptoms. Prior to being referred to the authors' clinic, the patient was evaluated at an outside facility and deemed a suboptimal candidate for arthroscopic bursectomy because of the large size and location of this lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large polylobulated fluid collection causing scapulothoracic distention. There was no evidence of osseous abnormalities originating from the scapular body. Computed tomography-guided placement of methylene blue and contrast dye was used to facilitate localization and, in an effort to minimize recurrence, ensure the complete removal of bursal tissue. During 8 weeks, this patient recovered unremarkably and returned to full-duty activities with resolution of symptoms. The authors present the management of chronic and recalcitrant snapping scapula syndrome, and report the open excision of the largest scapulothoracic bursal lesion described, to their knowledge, in the English literature. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(4):e783–e786.]
Low Power Design Techniques
Authors: Ansari Mohd Samar , Tripathi Shailendra Kumar
Published: June 2016

Conventional CMOS based IC implementations are soon expected to attain a state of saturation mainly due to technological barriers and physical constraints. A number of nanoelectronic devices that may be viable alternatives to standard CMOS have been put forward, and these could pave way for even lower power circuits. Some worthy contenders are carbon nanotube field effect transistor, nanowire field effect transistor, tunnel field effect transistor, and the single electron transistor. In this chapter, device- and circuit-level techniques have been discussed for designing low power circuits in conventional CMOS. Moreover, various sources of power consumption have been reviewed. It is also attempted to review the major components of power i.e. dynamic, short-circuit, and leakage, followed by basics of device and circuit level techniques to reduce the power components. Further, pertinent features of emerging nanoelectronic devices are discussed. These beyond-CMOS devices are expected to revolutionize the era of electronic systems with their low power & high performance characteristics.
Low Power Strategies for beyond Moore's Law Era
Authors: Patro B. Shivalal , B. Vandana
Published: June 2016

Semiconductor industries are facing a lot of problems in designing the chips consist of transistors with less than 10nm technology. Moore's law which predicted the scaling down of semiconductor devices has forced the researchers to look upon the devices in another aspect. So, various architectures and materials are invented to increase the reliability, speed and most importantly low power operation without increasing the size of devices. The on-set of nanotechnology and nano-science leads to unconventional 3D structure devices to and 0-dimensional structures. This chapter gives a general overview of the various technologies; materials and architectures researchers are concentrating to continue the technology beyond Moore's law with low power consumption.
Challenges and Limitations of Low Power Techniques
Authors: B. Vandana , B. S. Patro
Published: June 2016

In contemporary world the technology has kept its vast identity in developing ultra NANO devices to give up the compact device utilities, in VLSI, Metal Oxide Semiconductor device plays an key role in power dissipation product, in terms of MOS theory characteristics it is predefined that a MOS transistor can conduct easily with low voltage which gives low power but in DSM technology there is a likelihood to achieve ultra low power, so this can be achieved due to the rapid shrinking of gate length, here the chapter deals with challenges and limitations of low power techniques. The predominant way to generate low power is to start with the fundamental principles that are defined in the existing technologies that it gives low power with less leakage current. Apart from this parameter consideration is also required to achieve this. The successful and the major parameter in generating low power is that the shrinking of supply voltage. To go through this, upcoming sections gives the brief idea about the different techniques that are utilized to generate low power with less leakage.