bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multispectral Blood Smear Background Images Reconstruction for Malaria Unstained Images Normalization
Authors: Doumun OULAI Solange , Dabo‐Niang Sophie , Zoueu Jérémie
Published: October 2024

Multispectral and multimodal unstained blood smear images are obtained and evaluated to offer computer‐assisted automated diagnostic evidence for malaria. However, these images suffer from uneven lighting, contrast variability, and local luminosity due to the acquisition system. This limitation significantly impacts the diagnostic process and its overall outcomes. To overcome this limitation, it is crucial to perform normalization on the acquired multispectral images as a preprocessing step for malaria parasite detection. In this study, we propose a novel method for achieving this normalization, aiming to improve the accuracy and reliability of the diagnostic process. This method is based on estimating the Bright reference image, which captures the luminosity, and the contrast variability function from the background region of the image. This is achieved through two distinct resampling methodologies, namely Gaussian random field simulation by variogram analysis and Bootstrap resampling. A method for handling the intensity saturation issue of certain pixels is also proposed, which involves outlier imputation. Both of these proposed approaches for image normalization are demonstrated to outperform existing methods for multispectral and multimodal unstained blood smear images, as measured by the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Zero mean Sum of Absolute Differences (ZSAD), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Absolute Mean Brightness Error (AMBE). These methods not only improve the image contrast but also preserve its spectral footprint and natural appearance more accurately. The normalization technique employing Bootstrap resampling significantly reduces the acquisition time for multimodal and multispectral images by 66%. Moreover, the processing time for Bootstrap resampling is less than 4% of the processing time required for Gaussian random field simulation.
Global meta‐analysis reveals the drivers of gut microbiome variation across vertebrates
Authors: Xie Yong , Xu Songsong , Xi Yufei , Li Zixin , Zuo Erwei , Xing Kai , Bai Lijing , Li Kui
Published: October 2024

Shifts in gut microbial diversity and structure are one route by which vertebrate hosts adapt to local environmental conditions. However, recent studies have mostly been limited to a single species, small sample sizes, or restricted geographic ranges. Therefore, drawing a global picture of vertebrate gut microbiome diversity, community structure, and determinants for their adaptive shifts remains to be elucidated. We here collected 6508 samples from 113 vertebrate species covering diverse classes, feeding behaviors, and host habitats based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that host diet pattern had a significant impact on gut microbiome variation, which might drive taxonomic and functional contents of gut microbiome across vertebrates. Of note, the phylum Fusobacteria were enriched in carnivorous vertebrate gut while herbivorous vertebrate gut selectively increased the abundance of Verrucomicrobia. Also, climate factors were strongly associated with gut microbiome variation across vertebrates. Interestingly, we found that the abundance of microbiota belonging to Bacteroidetes increased gradually while the members from Proteobacteria showed a decreasing trend from high‐ to low‐latitude zones, potentially contributing to vertebrate adaptation to local climate condition. Additionally, we comprehensively deciphered the common antibiotic resistomes and their potential mobility between terrestrial vertebrate gut microbiome (n = 487) and their sympatric soil biological environment samples (n = 203) by integrating metagenomic sequencing datasets. Particularly, potential horizontal antibiotic resistance genes (e.g., bacA) transfers were detected between vertebrates gut microbiome and their sympatric soil biological environment. Together, our findings provide new evidence of how external environmental factors affect vertebrate gut microbiome variation.
Child marriage and well‐being in Central and Western Africa: A scoping review of costs and potential benefits for girls
Authors: Yendork Joana S. , Kliewer Wendy , Cyrus John W.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Child marriage is practiced widely in West and Central Africa with established links to several negative outcomes, particularly for girls. Although some reviews on predictors of the practice of child marriage exist, to date no review has focused on the costs and potential benefits to girls who have experienced child marriage.

Method

We conducted a scoping review of PubMed, African Index Medicus, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Global Health and in the grey literature for studies on child marriage and adjustment up to October 2023. Studies were included if they assessed marriages where the female was younger than 18 at the time of marriage, were conducted in Central and Western African countries, explored positive and/or negative indicators of well‐being and mental health in the context of child marriage, were written in English, were published in a peer‐reviewed journal, or was a published thesis or dissertation, grey literature, or technical report, were conducted between 2014 and 2023, and presented qualitative, quantitative, or mixed‐method data.

Results

Based on the inclusion criteria, we included nine qualitative and four quantitative studies. Using the lens of Self‐Determination Theory, we found that overall child marriage compromised needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Further, child marriage was linked to negative mental health outcomes. However, for some girls, child marriage was associated with some benefits including social recognition and elevated status in society.

Conclusion

Future research on adjustment within the context of child marriage should focus on all aspects of well‐being as well as the processes associated with adjustment for girls.
Metastatic Small‐Cell Lung Carcinoma Infiltrating the Heart: A Rare Case Diagnosed Using Imaging Data
Authors: Zhang Tao , Han Zhengyang , Hou Suyun , Song Yi , Zhang Yongxiang , Wang Menghe
Published: October 2024

Small‐cell lung carcinoma is a high‐grade aggressive disease that occurs most commonly in bronchial lung cancer, and metastasis to the heart is extremely rare. The diagnosis of metastatic small‐cell lung carcinoma infiltrating the heart remains challenging because of the variability of its clinical presentation. Hereinafter, we reported a case of a 41‐year‐old man who suffered from small‐cell lung cancer that invaded the pulmonary artery. The patient presented with chest tightness, dry cough, and deterioration in exercise tolerance and diagnosed at his imaging data, who had an uneventful recovery after surgical resection of the masses.
Passive UHF RFID tag achieving read ranges comparable to Battery‐Assisted Passive tags for containers, vessels, vehicles, and aircraft applications
Authors: Buenrostro‐Rocha Sergio , Medina‐Monroy José Luis , Herrera‐Charles Roberto
Published: October 2024

A new, high‐gain, high‐efficiency, long‐range passive metamaterial UHF‐RFID tag is proposed. Measuring 16.1 × 8.1 × 1.6 cm, it integrates a modified taper‐shaped dipole antenna with the NXP UCODE 8 chip and an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure shaped like a double open‐end wrench. This cost‐effective tag achieves read ranges comparable to those of battery‐assisted passive (BAP) tags, up to 64.7 m in a shipping container at 918 MHz and 56.7 m in free space at 928 MHz. Theoretical analysis shows moderate agreement with experimental validation in an anechoic chamber and outdoors. The proposed tag addresses challenging scenarios, enabling previously unattainable passive RFID applications. It supports vessel detection in maritime environments, with potential uses in automated access control at bridges, gates, and locks in smart waterways and premier marinas. It also supports multivehicle detection, allowing applications, such as streamlining emergency services and smart city traffic management. Furthermore, its capability extends to smart hangar applications, such as automatic updates to pilots' electronic logbooks and aircraft supervision.
Biological Control of Microbial Pectinolytic Plant Pathogens Causing Soft Rot of Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Asmaa Benaissa , Merdia Bestami , Kheira Fellan , Rokaia Ben Malek , Chahrazade Djellout Nadine
Published: October 2024

It is crucial to implement appropriate measures to prevent the spread of plant pathogens that lead to the decay of fruits and vegetables. From this perspective, we evaluated the biocontrol potential of five Bacillus‐plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains against twenty‐one pectinolytic phytopathogens causing soft rot in fruits and vegetables. These phytopathogens had been previously studied. Three in vitro methods were utilized to accomplish this objective: competition, extraction of bioactive substances, and direct confrontation. The inhibitory effect of the direct confrontation method resulted in a slower growth of 11 microbial plant pathogens. In addition, it was noted that 11 strains of plant pathogens generated inhibitory constituents, while 15 plant pathogens produced inducible inhibitory substances. Furthermore, volatile inhibitory compounds were detected in the six tested strains. Overall, strains of PGPR‐Bacillus demonstrated strong antifungal and antibacterial properties against phytopathogens. These PGPR can be regarded as potential biocontrol agents for soft microbial rot in fruits and vegetables as well as producers of substances that effectively suppress plant diseases.
Carbon Sequestration and Soil Fertility Management in Sandy and Clayey Soils Revealed by Over Four Decades of Long‐Term Field Experiments in Thailand
Authors: Tancharoen Somrutai , Iwasaki Shinya , Watanabe Takeshi , Luanmanee Suphakarn , Nobuntou Wanida , Amonpon Wanlee , Chumsuwan Netirat , Paisancharoen Kobkiet , Bumrung Saowaree , Matsumoto Naruo
Published: October 2024

We investigated the impact of organic matter (OM) application on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and cassava yield in sandy (sand content > 72% and > 62%) and clayey (sand content > 47%) soils through three long‐term experiments conducted from 1975 to 1976 in Thailand. Eight treatments—nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization, cassava residue (CR), and compost application (COM)—were assigned to the control (CT), N, NP, NK, NPK, CR, NPK + CR, and NPK + COM groups. Changes in SOC, cassava yield, and soil chemical properties, were recorded. Interactions of these parameters were visualized using structural equation modeling (SEM). SOC concentrations were determined at five different depths in 2021. A significant treatment effect was observed in the initial stage of the experiment in sandy soils. Conversely, in clayey soil, a significant effect was observed only in the later stage. SOC sequestration rates (mean ± SD of the three sites, Mg C ha−1 0.2 m−1) were in the order of NPK + COM (10.1 ± 6.5), NPK + CR (5.6 ± 3.1), CR (2.8 ± 2.0), NPK (2.0 ± 2.1), NK (1.9 ± 1.3), NP (1.8 ± 2.0), and N (1.2 ± 1.1). SEM highlighted the effect of OM application on SOC sequestration across the three sites. Furthermore, SOC increases positively influenced cassava yield in sandy but not in clayey soils. Vertical distribution of SOC showed consistent treatment effects in deeper soil layers, especially in sandy soils, underscoring the importance of considering deep soil layers for carbon sequestration.
Harvesting sustainability: how social capital fosters cohesive relationships between green social media influencers and consumers to drive electronic word‐of‐mouth behaviours
Authors: Cheung Man Lai , Leung Wilson K. S. , Chang Man Kit , Shi Si , Tse Sin Yan
Published: October 2024

This research explores how green social media influencers affect consumers’ electronic word‐of‐mouth behaviour regarding green products by developing cohesive relationships. Grounded in social capital theory and relational cohesion theory, this study aims to understand how green social media influencers can build cohesive relationships with their followers and the subsequent effects of these relationships using a mixed‐method research design. The quantitative study (Study 1) uses a sample of 471 social media users who follow and interact with at least one green social media influencer and employs partial least squares structural equation modelling to analyse the data. The results show that green social media influencers’ cognitive capital and relational capital significantly trigger social interaction frequency, which, in turn, evokes positive mood and reduces uncertainty. This process fosters cohesive relationships and drives electronic word‐of‐mouth behaviour about green products. The study also examines how gender moderates the impact of cognitive and relational capital on social interaction frequency and its subsequent effects on relational cohesion and electronic word‐of‐mouth behaviours. The subsequent qualitative study (Study 2) corroborates the quantitative results and provides complementary findings, enhancing the understanding of how green social media influencers can use their social capital to develop cohesive relationships with consumers and drive electronic word‐of‐mouth behaviours. This research provides significant insights into how green social media influencers can build cohesive relationships with consumers and improve their effectiveness in promoting green products through social capital.
Lymphatic‐specific methyltransferase‐like 3‐mediated m6A modification drives vascular patterning through prostaglandin metabolism reprogramming
Authors: Shi Lianjun , Lu Shuting , Han Xue , Ye Fan , Li Xiumiao , Zhang Ziran , Jiang Qin , Yan Biao
Published: October 2024

Lymphangiogenesis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various vascular disorders, including ocular vascular diseases and cancers. Deregulation of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been identified as a key contributor to human diseases. However, the specific involvement of m6A modification in lymphatic remodeling remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that inflammatory stimulation and corneal sutures induce elevated levels of methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3)‐mediated m6A modification. METTL3 knockdown inhibits lymphatic endothelial viability, proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. METTL3 knockdown attenuates corneal sutures‐induced lymphangiogenesis and intratumoral lymphangiogenesis initiated by subcutaneous grafts, consequently restraining corneal neovascularization, tumor growth, and tumor neovascularization in vivo. Mechanistically, METTL3 knockdown upregulates prostaglandin–endoperoxide synthase 2 expression through an m6A–YTHDF2‐dependent pathway, enhancing the synthesis of cyclopentenone prostaglandins (CyPGs). Aberrant CyPG production in lymphatic endothelial cells impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, contributing to pathological lymphangiogenesis. Moreover, selective inhibition of METTL3 with STM2457 reduces m6A levels in lymphatic endothelial cells, effectively suppressing pathological lymphangiogenesis. This study provides compelling evidence that lymphatic‐specific METTL3 plays a critical role in vascular patterning through prostaglandin metabolism reprogramming. Thus, METTL3 emerges as a promising target for treating lymphangiogenesis‐related diseases.
Excess control of family board seats and corporate financing constraints
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Meng Tianle
Published: October 2024

We examine the relationship between excess control of family board seats (ECFBS) and financing constraints (FCs) using 2008–2021 data for listed family firms in China. We find that ECFBS intensifies Type II agency problems, thereby worsens corporate FCs. We also investigate the impact of family firm founder characteristics, family owner characteristics, and external shareholder equity structure on the ECFBS and FCs. Our findings provide evidence of the encroachment effect of family control.
Behavior in long‐run projects and elicited time preferences
Authors: Akin Zafer , Yavaş Abdullah
Published: October 2024

We investigate behavior in long‐run projects and its relationship with experimentally elicited time preferences. Participants engage in a longitudinal project requiring sustained real effort, with their time preferences estimated through monetary outcomes. We observe a tendency to front‐load real effort, with choices reflecting both present and future bias, the former being more prevalent and severe. We also find evidence of naive choice reversals. However, there is no support for the quasi‐hyperbolic discounting model in monetary choices, and its predictions do not align with real effort allocation patterns. Nevertheless, discount rate and present bias parameters derived from monetary outcomes demonstrate predictive power over real effort allocation.
An asymmetric tropical cyclone rainfall model in the Northern Vietnam coast
Authors: Angkanasirikul Warinthorn , Jian Wei , Lo Edmond Yat‐Man
Published: October 2024

Rainfall associated with landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) along the Northern Vietnam coast is examined to develop an asymmetric parametric TC‐induced rainfall model starting from the axisymmetric Rain‐Climatology and Persistence (R‐CLIPER) model. We recalibrated the R‐CLIPER model (original R‐CLIPER denoted as NHC) against observed rainfall patterns of 14 landfalling TCs from 2001 to 2021 in the Northern Vietnam coast, while relaxing the model's underlying linear relationships. The recalibrated R‐CLIPER (denoted as Fit‐Ax), still axisymmetric, suggests that some parameters are better correlated with the normalized maximum wind speed using logarithmic and exponential relationships. Fit‐Ax reduces the 12‐hr total rainfall overall root‐mean‐square errors (RMSEs) and Bias magnitudes in the before‐ and after‐landfall periods from NHC for the entire 500‐km TC domain. We further redistribute the Fit‐Ax rainfall intensity across the four quadrants with respect to the TC forward motion to account for the observed large asymmetry in quadrant rainfall (version denoted as Fit‐As). The vertical wind shear (VWS) and landfall (before or after) are considered in this redistribution. Fit‐As generally outperforms Fit‐Ax and NHC in reproducing the observed rainfall distribution for the 14 TCs. At the quadrant level, both Fit‐Ax and Fit‐As show significant improvement in Bias over NHC. Fit‐As is further better overall in RMSE and Skill when weighted by quadrant rainfall volume. In pattern matching, Fit‐As produces the best grid‐averaged Pearson correlation coefficients for 11 TCs. In addition, its equitable threat scores (ETSs) are best beyond the 20‐mm rainfall threshold, with the maximum of 0.299 at the 90‐mm rainfall threshold. Thus, our locally fitted asymmetric rainfall model demonstrates improved capability in reproducing the historical TC‐induced rainfall along the Northern Vietnam coast.
Unstressing the Reticulum: Nutritional Strategies for Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Obesity
Authors: Brito Michele Lima , Coutinho‐Wolino Karen Salve , Almeida Patricia Pereira , Trigueira Pricilla de Castro , Alves Ana Paula de Paula , Magliano D'Angelo Carlo , Stockler‐Pinto Milena Barcza
Published: October 2024

The progression of obesity involves several molecular mechanisms that are closely associated with the pathophysiological response of the disease. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one such factor. Lipotoxicity disrupts endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis in the context of obesity. Furthermore, it induces ER stress by activating several signaling pathways via inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. ER performs crucial functions in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism; thus, triggers such as lipotoxicity can promote the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the organelle. The accumulation of these proteins can lead to metabolic disorders and chronic inflammation, resulting in cell death. Thus, alternatives, such as flavonoids, amino acids, and polyphenols that are associated with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory responses have been proposed to attenuate this response by modulating ER stress via the administration of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress can reduce the expression of several ER stress markers and improve clinical outcomes through the management of obesity, including the control of body weight, visceral fat, and lipid accumulation. This review explores the metabolic changes resulting from ER stress and discusses the role of nutritional interventions in modulating the ER stress pathway in obesity.
Exploring the Effects of Whole Food‐Based Dragon Fruit on Metabolic Disorders in High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Mice
Authors: Ho Pin‐Yu , Lin Pin‐Xuan , Koh Yen‐Chun , Lin Wei‐Sheng , Tang Kai‐Liang , Chen Yu‐Hsin , Weerawatanakorn Monthana , Pan Min‐Hsiung
Published: October 2024

Scope

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) significantly contributes to premature mortality, with obesity being a major risk factor. Dragon fruit, cultivated globally, exhibits bioactivity in preventing obesity‐related diseases. Traditional studies using organic solvents for extraction do not align with actual consumption patterns.

Method and results

This study evaluates whole red dragon fruit's effectiveness in ameliorating metabolic disorders using a high‐fat diet‐induced obesity model in mice for 20 weeks. The experimental groups include the supernatant (RS), precipitate (RP), and pomace (PO) of red dragon fruit juice, compared to the supernatant of white dragon fruit juice (WS). The study finds that dragon fruit extracts reduced adipose tissue weight, body fat percentage, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and improved blood lipid profiles. RP is the most effective, reducing body weight by 4.33 g, improving lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis, and altering gut microbiota to enhance beneficial bacteria and short‐chain fatty acids. RP's efficacy in preventing MetS and obesity is attributed to its bioactive components.

Conclusion

These findings advocate for using whole fruits in developing functional products, amplifying the agricultural economic value of red dragon fruit.
Miniaturized filter with harmonic suppression characteristics by embedding microstrip resonators in half‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide resonant cavities
Authors: Yan Xiaohei
Published: October 2024

A novel filter design is proposed that employs harmonic rejection characteristics based on half‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide resonance cavities and microstrip resonators. The objective is to expand the filter's blocking bandwidth and reduce the filter's size. The filter employs two half‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide resonant cavities, which serve to effectively reduce the size of the filter. Moreover, the higher‐order modes TE201 and TE202 are unable to propagate within the resonant cavities. The suppression of the TE102 mode is achieved by setting the coupling window between the resonant cavities at the weakest field strength of this mode. Concurrently, two microstrip resonators are integrated into the coupling window, thereby enabling the realization of a fourth‐order filter response with only two resonant cavities. The filter was processed and measured, and the results were found to be in good agreement with the simulation. It is proved that the design method proposed in this paper is feasible.
Multidimensional RF pulse design with consideration of concomitant field effects
Authors: Zhao Ziwei , Lee Nam G. , Nayak Krishna S.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To develop a small‐tip multidimensional RF pulse design procedure that incorporates linear time‐invariant gradient imperfections and concomitant field effects. This could be particularly important for contemporary low‐field MRI systems with high‐performance gradients.

Theory and Methods

We developed an extension of the small‐tip excitation k‐space formalism, where concomitant fields were approximated as a Bloch‐Siegert shift in the rotating frame. This was evaluated using realistic simulations of 2D selective excitation at various field strengths (0.2T, 0.55T, 1.5T, 3T, and 7T) with single and parallel transmit. Simulated excitation profiles from the original and extended k‐space formalisms were compared. Experimental validations were performed at 0.55T with a single‐channel transmit.

Results

The extended formalism provides improved 2D excitation profiles in all scenarios simulated, compared against the original formalism. The proposed method corrects the concomitant field effects on 2D selective excitations for B0 > 0.2T when the magnitude of the B0 is far larger than that of nonrotating concomitant fields. Simulation and phantom experiments at 0.55T match well for both original and proposed methods, with the proposed method providing sharper and more accurate excitation profiles at off‐isocenter distances up to 15 cm. The impact of the proposed method is greatest in scenarios where concomitant fields are substantial, such as low field strengths and off‐isocenter.

Conclusion

Concomitant fields can be modeled as a Bloch‐Siegert shift in the rotating frame during multidimensional RF pulse design, resulting in improved excitation profiles with sharp edges. This is important to consider for off‐isocenter excitations and imaging at low field strengths with strong gradients.
Pediatric oncology nutritional practices in high‐income countries: A survey from the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP)
Authors: Gordon Erin , van den Brink Mirjam , van der Linden Nina , Ringwald‐Smith Karen , Gardiner Breeana , Murphy‐Alford Alexia J.
Published: October 2024

Background

Optimal nutrition in pediatric oncology can influence cancer‐related outcomes. To establish an understanding of nutrition practice and perceptions of best practice, we queried nutrition providers practicing in pediatric oncology care centers in high‐income countries.

Methods

An electronic, multidisciplinary, cross‐sectional survey of nutrition practices was conducted among pediatric oncology nutrition practitioners. Final analysis included 110 surveys from 71 unique institutions and included practitioners from Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia/New Zealand, South America, and the Middle East/Asia.

Results

The majority of institutions (97%) reported having dietitians; 72% had designated oncology dietitians. Approximately half of the practitioners (47%) reported feeling their institutions were inadequately staffed. The majority (78%) of institutions completed nutrition risk screening, but there was no consensus on specific screening practices. Half (50%) of the institutions that screened for nutrition risk did so in both inpatient and outpatient settings. The majority (80%) of institutions completed a nutrition assessment close to the time of diagnosis. Those that did not cite lack of staff and/or lack of time, lack of standardized approach, and consult only level of nutritional care as primary barriers. The most common topic of nutrition education provided to patients/families was nutrition‐related symptom management (68%).

Conclusion

While most institutions reported having pediatric oncology dietitians, we found a lack of standardized practice and perceived inadequate staffing. In addition, what providers perceived to be best practice did not always align with day‐to‐day clinical practice. Ongoing efforts are needed to develop evidence‐based guidelines, including staffing recommendations, to support specialized care in this population.
Agenesis of the Ductus Venosus and Its Association With Genetic Abnormalities
Authors: Mash Yarin , Bardin Ron , Gilboa Yinon , Geron Yossi , Romano Asaf , Hadar Eran , Goldstein Dana Brabbing , Davidov Bella , Houri Ohad
Published: October 2024

Objective

To investigate the association of agenesis of the ductus venosus (ADV) with genetic abnormalities using genetic studies—Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) and Exome Sequencing (ES).

Design

Retrospective study of all fetuses diagnosed with ADV between January 2013 and December 2022 in a tertiary center.

Results

ADV was diagnosed in 33 fetuses. The diagnosis was made at a mean gestational age of 21.2 ± 8.4 weeks. Conventional karyotype was applied in a single fetus (3.0%), CMA was applied in 21 fetuses (66.7%), and five fetuses (22.8%) were additionally tested with ES. ADV was isolated in eight fetuses (24%), whereas in 25 (76%) it was associated with abnormal ultrasound findings, including increased nuchal translucency (NT), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and variable structural malformations, mostly cardiac (42%) followed by central nervous system (CNS) and skeletal malformations (24%). Genetic abnormalities were found in six fetuses out of 22 investigated (27%), of which 3 were detected by ES, 3 by CMA and 1 by conventional karyotype. A higher incidence of genetic aberrations was evident among ADVs associated with abnormal ultrasound findings. Genetic abnormalities were indicative of Prader Willi/Angelman syndrome, Noonan syndrome, CASK related disorder, 16q24.3 microdeletion syndrome and Trisomy 21.

Conclusion

ADV associated with abnormal ultrasound findings is commonly correlated with genetic abnormalities and consequently unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. Our study emphasizes the value of genetic studies chiefly among cases associated with abnormal ultrasound findings, enabling early diagnosis of fetal pathologies associated with ADV, and providing better parental counseling.
‘Putting expertise at the front door’: A systems change evaluation of digitally‐mediated team communication for responding to social, emotional, and mental health support needs in primary school settings
Authors: Jones Lauren S. , Russell Ailsa , Brosnan Mark
Published: October 2024

The role of education staff in supporting social, emotional, and mental health (SEMH) difficulties is critical, however access to specialist mental health input can be difficult. Digitally‐mediated service delivery was implemented during the COVID‐19 pandemic and may be integrated in a post‐COVID‐19 world to support education staff. Using a systems change evaluation framework, this study explored staff perceptions of a digitally‐mediated, multidisciplinary model for SEMH needs in primary school settings. Participants were education staff (n = 6) from five participating schools in a rural county in the UK and the multidisciplinary team (n = 7). Focus groups were conducted at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months during a 2‐year pilot project. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Education staff and the multidisciplinary team perceived progress over time in relation to increased capacity (for early intervention) and improved coordination (between relevant children's services). Digitally‐mediated service delivery facilitated changes in practice that were empowering for education staff and supportive in meeting communication needs. This study provides preliminary support for acceptability of digitally‐mediated team communication as an enhanced model of SEMH service provision in primary school settings in the UK.
Stearyl polyoxyethylene ether‐grafted chitosan nanoparticles for improving the antibacterial property of tetracycline
Authors: Quyen Tran Ngoc , Phuong Nguyen Nam , Van Toan Nguyen , Kim Dung Tran , Do‐Minh‐Hoang Vo , Phuong‐Thu Ha , Thi Thu Trang Mai , Nhi Tran Thi Yen , Thi Le Hang Dang
Published: October 2024

In this study, a grafted copolymer based on chitosan and Brij S100 (CTS–Brij S100) was prepared to design a nanocarrier system that increases the sensitivity of tetracycline (Tetra) against methicillin‐susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The self‐assembly behavior of CTS–Brij S100 to micelles was confirmed by the benzoylacetone assay. About 4.6 ± 0.175% of Tetra was encapsulated into CTS–Brij S100 with an efficiency of 96.9 ± 0.213%. Dynamic light scattering determined the size of Tetra‐loaded nanoparticles (CTS–Brij S100@Tetra) to be 85.5 ± 1.913 nm with narrow distribution. The high‐positive value of CTS–Brij S100@Tetra (zeta = + 30.9 mV) indicates a stable colloidal system. The release profile of Tetra from CTS–Brij S100 followed the Weibull model with a complex diffusion mechanism. The bactericidal efficacy was tested against MSSA. Interestingly, the blank CTS–Brij S100 nanoparticle could express its inhibition to MSSA when the concentration was 150 μg/mL. Therefore, with the help of CTS–Brij S100, Tetra had superior bactericidal efficiency comparable to free form. In vitro biocompatibility test on fibroblast cells (L929) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) ensures the safety of CTS–Brij S100. It can be concluded that the CTS–Brij S100 system holds potential for applications in facilitating the delivery of the antibiotic Tetra.
The role of selected nutraceuticals in management of prediabetes and diabetes: An updated review of the literature. Part II
Authors: Derosa Giuseppe , D'Angelo Angela , Maffioli Pamela
Published: October 2024

We have already published a review about the results of clinical trials evaluating the effects of selected nutraceuticals on glycemia in humans. In this second part, we describe the role of other nutraceuticals involved in dysglycemia. The available evidence showed promising hypoglycemic effects of the nutraceuticals reviewed both for their efficacy and safety profile. However, contradictory results as regard the efficacy of some supplements such as Allium sativum, Juglans regia, and Lycium barbarum on glucose homeostasis have emerged from some clinical studies. Other nutraceuticals including Aloe vera, Amorphophallus Konjac, Bauhinia forficata, Coccinia, Ganoderma lucidum, Ipomoea batatas, and Lupinus mutabilis require larger and long‐term studies rigorously designed to confirm their hypoglycemic effects due to the scarce data available and the poor quality of clinical trials. Further studies are also required for Cinnamomum, Cynara scolymus, Momordica charantia, Olea europaea, and Opuntia streptacantha. Moreover, well‐designed large and long‐term clinical trials including the use of standardized nutraceutical preparations are necessary for Phaseolus vulgaris and Vaccinium myrtillus.
Regression Approaches to Assess Effect of Treatments That Arrest Progression of Symptoms
Authors: Ortega‐Villa Ana M. , Nason Martha C. , Fay Michael P. , Alehashemi Sara , Goldbach‐Mansky Raphaela , Follmann Dean A.
Published: October 2024

Motivated by a small sample example in neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID), we propose a method that can be used when the interest is testing for an association between a changes in disease progression with start of treatment compared to historical disease progression prior to treatment. Our method estimates the longitudinal trajectory of the outcome variable and adds an interaction term between an intervention indicator variable and the time since initiation of the intervention. This method is appropriate for a situation in which the intervention slows or arrests the effect of the disease on the outcome, as is the case in our motivating example. By simulation in small samples and restricted sets of treatment initiation times, we show that the generalized estimating equations (GEE) formulation with small sample adjustments can bound the Type I error rate better than GEE and linear mixed models without small sample adjustments. Permutation tests (permuting the time of treatment initiation) is another valid approach that can also be useful. We illustrate the methodology through an application to a prospective cohort of NOMID patients enrolled at the NIH clinical center.
Comprehensive Experimental and DFT‐Based Theoretical Analysis of a Novel Cobalt(II) Complex: Structural Characterization and Optical Properties
Authors: Ferchichi Amal , Makhlouf Jawher , Valkonen Arto , Abuelizz Hatem A. , Al‐Salahi Rashad , El Bakri Youness , Smirani Wajda
Published: October 2024

This work aims to investigate a novel structure based on 1‐methylpiperazine cation [Co(NCS)4(OH2)2]·(C5H14N2)·H2O. The novel complex, 1‐methylpiperazine‐1,4‐diium diaquatetrakis (thiocyanato)‐cobalt hydrate, was investigated using DRX, differential thermogravimetry analysis, FTIR, UV–vis, impedance complex analysis, and density functional theory (DFT). Based on the reported results of these characterization tools, the desired complex phases were confirmed. In the title compound, the aromatic ring in the cationic entity adopts a slightly distorted chair conformation, which ensures coordination stability. FTIR analysis were occurred, which supported the presence of surface ligand groups of thiocyanates, and UV–vis spectroscopy of the electronic transition. Explorations of impedance spectroscopy on [Co(NCS)4(OH2)2]·(C5H14N2)·H2O reveal a fascinating electrical behavior which reveals that the Co complex component can be used as an electronic chip and under certain conditions. The electronic structure and optical properties of the complex were explored using the DFT, confirming it as a direct bandgap semiconductor with a predicted bandgap of 2.89 eV. Optical anisotropic features of the complex, aligning with its monoclinic structure, were identified via analysis of the dielectric function across the [100], [010], and [001] crystallographic directions. The thermal analysis was used to confirm the crystal thermal stability.
Recent Advances in Barium Cobaltite‐Based Perovskite Oxides as Cathodes for Intermediate‐Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Song Yufei , Yi Yongning , Ran Ran , Zhou Wei , Wang Wei
Published: October 2024

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are considered as advanced energy conversion technologies due to the high efficiency, fuel flexibility, and all‐solid structure. Nevertheless, their widespread applications are strongly hindered by the high operational temperatures, limited material selection choices, inferior long‐term stability, and relatively high costs. Therefore, reducing operational temperatures of SOFCs to intermediate‐temperature (IT, 500–800 °C) range can remarkably promote the practical applications by enabling the use of low‐cost materials and enhancing the cell stability. Nevertheless, the conventional cathodes for high‐temperature SOFCs display inferior electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at reduced temperatures. Barium cobaltite (BaCoO3‐δ)‐based perovskite oxides are regarded as promising cathodes for IT‐SOFCs because of the high free lattice volume and large oxygen vacancy content. However, BaCoO3‐δ‐based perovskite oxides suffer from poor structural stability, inferior thermal compatibility, and insufficient ionic conductivity. Herein, an in‐time review about the recent advances in BaCoO3‐δ‐based cathodes for IT‐SOFCs is presented by emphasizing the material design strategies including functional/selectively doping, deficiency control, and (nano)composite construction to enhance the ORR activity/durability and thermal compatibility. Finally, the currently existed challenges and future research trends are presented. This review will provide valuable insights for the development of BaCoO3‐δ‐based electrocatalysts for various energy conversion/storage technologies.
Cation‐π Interactions Based Conductive Hydrogels with Slide‐Ring Structure Toward Super Long‐Time in‐air/Underwater Linear Sensing and Communication
Authors: Bai Yang , Shi Yuxin , Li Xuchao , Zhang Yucong , Wang Yaqi
Published: October 2024

Conductive hydrogels (CHs) are attracted more attention in the flexible wearable sensors field, however, how to stably apply CHs underwater is still a big challenge. In order to achieve the usage of CHs in aquatic environments, the integrated properties such as water retention ability, resistance to swelling, toughness, adhesiveness, linear GF sensing, and long‐term usage are necessary to consider, but rarely reported in the previous reports. This paper proposes CHs prepared using cationic and aromatic monomers along with polyrotaxanes‐based crosslinkers. Due to the intermolecular cation‐π interactions and topological slide‐ring‐based polyrotaxanes, the CHs exhibit good mechanical performance, adhesive nature, and anti‐swelling properties. The presence of slide‐ring‐based topological architecture effectively mitigates stress concentration. Additionally, the encapsulation of PA allows CHs to maintain functionality even after 240 days of direct placement at room temperature. Notably, the designed CHs exhibit linear sensitivity in detecting land/underwater human motions, and serve as Morse code signal transmitters for information transmission. Thus, the designed CHs may have broad applications in the underwater wearable sensors field.
Biomimetic Multi‐Interface Design of Raspberry‐like Absorbent: Gd‐doped FeNi3@Covalent Organic Framework Derivatives for Efficient Electromagnetic Attenuation
Authors: Hu Ruizhe , He Xue , Luo Yuqi , Liu Chongbo , Liu Shiyu , Lv Xintong , Yan Jinxi , Peng Yuhui , Yuan Mingyue , Che Renchao
Published: October 2024

Structural design and interface regulation are useful strategies for achieving strong electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) and broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB). Herein, a monomer‐mediated strategy is employed to control the growth of covalent organic framework (COF) wrapping flower‐shaped Gd‐doped FeNi3 (GFN), and a novel raspberry‐like absorbent based on biomimetic design is fabricated by thermal catalysis. Further, a unique dielectric‐magnetic synergistic system is constructed by utilizing the COF‐derived nitrogen‐doped porous carbon (NPC) as the shell and anisotropic GFN as the core. The electromagnetic parameters of the GFN@NPC composites can be tuned by adjusting the proportions of GFN and NPC. Off‐axis electron holography results further clarify the interface polarization and microscale magnetic interactions affecting the EMW loss mechanism. As a result, the GFN@NPC samples exhibit broad EMWA performance. The EAB values of all GFN@NPC composites reach up to 6.0 GHz, with the GFN@NPC‐2 sample showing a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −69.6 dB at 1.68 mm. In addition, GFN@NPC‐2 achieves a maximum radar cross–section (RCS) reduction of 29.75 dB·m2. A multi‐layer gradient structure is also constructed using metamaterial simulation to achieve an ultra‐wide EAB of 12.24 GHz. Overall, this work provides a novel bio‐inspired design strategy to develop high‐performance EMWA materials.
The end of the ‘living fossil’ tale? A new look at Triassic specimens assigned to the tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis (Notostraca) and associated phyllopods from the Vosges region (eastern France)
Authors: Geyer Gerd , Hegna Thomas A. , Kelber Klaus‐Peter
Published: October 2024

Notostracan branchiopods reported from the Lower Triassic Voltzia Sandstone Lagerstätte in northeastern France have previously been assigned to Triops cancriformis, making this species the longest persisting animal in earth history. Careful restudy of the splendidly preserved material indicates that the species can be well characterized but represents a notostracan genus and species that cannot be assigned to the Triopsidae. This undermines the concept of its being a ‘living fossil’. The name Apudites antiquus, under which the first known specimens were described, is available and appropriate for the species. Some of the specimens of Apudites antiquus offer morphological details of a quality that ranks them among the best‐preserved fossil non‐marine arthropods. The Voltzia Sandstone specimens previously assigned to the extant species T. cancriformis include two additional, peculiar diplostracan branchiopods, Olesenocaris galli gen. et sp. nov. and Grauvogelocaris alsatica gen. et sp. nov., both with unique morphological features that characterize them as representatives of as yet unknown families.
On the Strain Hardening and Tensile Properties of AISI 4140 Steel via Single‐Step Quenching and Partitioning Treatments
Authors: Belfi Marco , Barella Silvia , Gruttadauria Andrea , Menezes Joao T. O. , Castrodeza Enrique , Liu Caiyi , Peng Yan , Torboli Alessandro , Mapelli Carlo , Abdelwahed Marawan
Published: October 2024

The present study explores the application of single‐step quenching and partitioning (QP) treatments to low‐silicon commercial AISI 4140 steel. Fractions between 4.6% and 7.8% of retained austenite (RA) are stabilized at room temperature. Specimens quenched at 240 °C and partitioned for 10 min exhibit the highest tensile strength, surpassing 2000 MPa, with an elongation at break of up to 10%. This condition marks the effectiveness of austenite in improving tensile properties. Partitioning times exceeding 5 min lead to a second deformation stage, linked to an intense strain‐induced transformation of austenite into martensite. Comparative quenching and tempering (QT) treatments are conducted to highlight the role of RA in enhancing ductility. The QP samples show improved ductility and strain hardening. Furthermore, an energetic approach is employed to highlight the stability of RA by analyzing the difference in the tensile curves observed between QP and QT conditions. A critical value for stability is reached between 5 and 10 min of partitioning. The work proves the viability of successfully applying QP on AISI 4140 achieving high mechanical properties and improved ductility.
Development of Coconut Shell Charcoal‐Reinforced Starch Superabsorbent Composites, with the Comparative Study of Epichlorohydrin and Citric Acid as the Crosslinking Agents
Authors: Maske Varad A. , Jangale Shruti , Vyavahare Siddhant , More Aarti P.
Published: October 2024

Coconut shell charcoal is explored as filler for the synthesis of starch‐based superabsorbent composites, and the effect of two crosslinking agents, namely epichlorohydrin (EPI) and citric acid (CA), is evaluated. The study investigates how varying filler concentrations influence water absorption, retention, and swelling. The highest water absorption (1462% swelling) is observed with EPI‐crosslinked starch and 0.75 g of filler. The charcoal increases the porosity and free volume of the composites, enhancing water retention. However, excessive filler reduces absorption by increasing rigidity. Compared to epichlorohydrin, CA‐crosslinked composites show lower absorption, with an optimal CA concentration at a 1:1 starch‐to‐CA ratio, resulting in a swelling of 234%. The composites are analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. Their application as water retention agents in plant growth demonstrates a positive impact on shoot height, supporting seed growth. Biodegradability tests reveal excellent performance in CA‐crosslinked samples.
Assessment of Neurotoxic Mechanisms of Individual and Binary Mixtures of Cobalt, Nickel and Lead in Hippocampal Neuronal Cells
Authors: Olasehinde Tosin A. , Olaniran Ademola O.
Published: October 2024

Many studies have focused on the neurotoxic effects of single metals, while investigation on the exposure to metal mixtures, which mainly occur in real‐life situations, is scarce. This study sought to assess the neurotoxic effect of Ni, Co, and Pb binary mixtures and their individual effects in hippocampal neuronal cells (HT‐22). Cells were exposed to Ni, Co, and Pb separately for 48 h at 37°C and 5% CO2, and cell viability was assessed. Morphological assessment of the cells exposed to binary mixtures of Co, Ni, and Pb and single metals was assessed using a microscope. Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress biomarkers (glutathione [GSH] and malondialdehyde [MDA] levels, catalase [CAT], and glutathione‐S transferase [GST] activities) and nitric oxide [NO] levels were evaluated after treatment with the binary mixtures and single metals. Binary mixtures of the metals reduced cell viability, exerting an additivity action. The combinations also exerted synergistic action, as revealed by the combination index. Furthermore, a significant reduction in AChE activity, GSH levels, CAT and GST activities, and high MDA and NO levels were observed in neuronal cells. The additive interactions and synergistic actions of the binary mixtures might contribute to the significant reduction of AChE activity, GSH levels, GST, and CAT activities, and an increase in MDA and NO levels. The findings from this study revealed significant evidence that binary mixtures of Co, Pb, and Ni may induce impaired neuronal function and, ultimately, neurodegeneration.