bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumption of Lutein and Zeaxanthin and Its Relation to the Level of Macular Pigment Optical Density in Thai Subjects
Authors: Sae-Lao Wipada , Wunjuntuk Kansuda , Techakriengkrai Taweesak , Sirichakwal Prapaisri P
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study is to determine dietary lutein and zeaxanthin (L/Z) consumption and to evaluate its association with macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in Thai subjects. Methods. This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 120 ophthalmologically healthy subjects aged between 40 and 72 years were recruited from Bangkok and the vicinity area. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire, while a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire assessed the L/Z intake. MPOD was determined using the reflectometry method (VISUCAM 500®, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG). Pearson’s correlation coefficient analyzed the relationship between L/Z consumption and MPOD. Results. The mean age of the participants was 50.7 ± 7.5 years. The mean consumption of L/Z was 3.03 ± 2.65 mg per day. The mean MPOD was 0.102 ± 0.023 density units. Consumption of foods rich in L/Z, including ivy gourd (r = 0.217,p<0.05), Chinese flowering cabbage (r = 0.194,p<0.05), balsam pear (r = 0.193,p<0.05), lettuce (r = 0.182,p<0.05), sweet corn (r = 0.181,p<0.05), and pumpkin (r = 0.181,p<0.05), was positively associated with the mean optical density (mean MPOD). Consumption of green onion (r = 0.212,p<0.05) was positively associated with the sum of optical densities (MPOD volume). In contrast, chilli pepper consumption showed a negative association with mean MPOD (r = −0.220,p<0.05) and amaranth showed a negative association with MPOD volume (r = −0.283,p<0.05). No association was found between total L/Z consumption and MPOD. Conclusion. L/Z consumption is low among Thais living in Bangkok and the vicinity area, which may not be sufficient to ensure eye health, and total L/Z consumption is not associated with MPOD.
New Pyroptosis -Associated Gene Signature for Overall Survival Forecast among Patients Suffering from Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: He Cheng , You Ke
Published: April 2022

Due to the heterogeneity of tumors, we do not understand the given effect of pyroptosis on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) fully, particularly its influences on prognosis. The paper aims at exploring the prognostic value of pyroptosis-associated genes and its role in immune status in HCC. A multigene prognostic signature is set up by utilizing the least absolute shrinkage and choosing operator Cox exploration. The comparison of survival between different risk groups is made with the Kaplan–Meier exploration and Cox regression. LASSO Cox regression analysis is adopted to set up a pyroptosis-associated gene signature (CEP55 and MMP1). By comparing with the group at low risks, the high-risk group displayed greatly decreased OS. The fatidic ability of the prognostic gene signature is confirmed by the receiver-running feature curve analysis. According to multivariate Cox exploration, the risk mark is an independent predicting agent for OS. A new signature established with two pyroptosis-associated genes can be adopted for prognostic forecast and influence the immune situation in HCC.
Research on the Throwing Technique of High-Pole Hydrangea Champion Team in the 12th Students’ Games of Guangxi
Authors: Xu Shijun , Zeng Cong , Yang Pei , Wei Yu
Published: April 2022

By using the methods of literature, mathematical analysis, and comparative analysis, this study expounds the origin and development history of the culture of Hydrangea and the movement of throwing Hydrangea, studies the representative technical theory of high-pole throwing Hydrangea, and makes a comparative analysis with the angle, speed, and other technical movements of throwing Hydrangea in teaching and training, as well as the trajectory data of the arc top height, circle range, and landing point of the parabola of Hydrangea. This study discusses the technical problems existing in the high shot Hydrangea competition of the two students Games in Guangxi. The research shows that projection technology is the foundation and core element of the survival and development of high-pole throwing Hydrangea; the existing projection technology has a certain positive effect on teaching, but it has shortcomings for high-level training and competition. The research shows that throwing technology is the foundation and core element of the survival and development of high-pole throwing Hydrangea; the existing throwing technology has a certain positive effect on teaching, but it has shortcomings for high-level training and competition. The best shooting angle is

640
≤
α
≤
720

, and the speed is

13.04
 
m
/
s
≤

v

0

≤
13.70
 

m
/
s

, which is a range of numerical matching between the two; the core problem of shooting technology is to shorten the shooting cycle and running distance through the cooperation of the best shooting angle and speed, so as to lay the foundation for improving the hit rate per unit time. Suggestions. Build national sports culture, improve the technical level, and promote the development of national sports to a higher level.
Effective Fuzzy Soft Set Theory and Its Applications
Authors: Alkhazaleh Shawkat
Published: April 2022

Fuzzy soft set is the most powerful and effective extension of soft sets which deals with parameterized values of the alternative. It is an extended model of soft set and a new mathematical tool that has great advantages in dealing with uncertain information and is proposed by combining soft sets and fuzzy sets. Many fuzzy decision making algorithms based on fuzzy soft sets were given. However, these do not consider the external effective on the decision it depends on the parameters without considering any external effective. In order to solve these problems, in this paper, we introduce the concept of effective fuzzy soft set and its operation and study some of its properties. We also give an application of this concept in decision making (DM) problem. Finally, we give an application of this theory to medical diagnosis (MD) and exhibit the technique with a hypothetical case study.
A Clustering Approach to Identify High-Risk Taxi Drivers Based on Self-Reported Driving Behavior
Authors: Rejali Sina , Aghabayk Kayvan , Shiwakoti Nirajan
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the driving behavior of taxi drivers in Isfahan, Iran, and assess the probability of a driver being among the high-risk taxi drivers. To identify risky driving behaviors among taxi drivers, the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) was used. By collecting data from 548 taxi drivers, exploratory factor analysis identified the significant components of DBQ including “Inattention errors,” “Inexperience errors,” “Lapses,” “Ordinary violations,” and “Aggressive violations.” K-means clustering was conducted to cluster taxi drivers into three risk groups of low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk taxi drivers based on their self-reported annual traffic crashes and fines. In addition, logistic regressions identified the extent to which drivers’ crashes and traffic fines are related to their driving behavior, and therefore, what aberrant driving behaviors are more important in explaining the presence of taxi drivers in the high-risk cluster. The results revealed that the majority of participants (66.78%) were low-risk taxi drivers. Aggressive violations and ordinary violations were significant predictors of taxi drivers being in the high-risk group, while inattention errors and aggressive violations were significant predictors of being in the medium/high-risk cluster. The findings from this study are valuable resources for developing safety measures and training for new drivers in the taxi industry.
Dynamic Coordination-Based Reinforcement Learning for Driving Policy
Authors: Si Huaiwei , Tan Guozhen , Peng Yanfei , Li Jianping
Published: April 2022

With the development of communication technology and artificial intelligence technology, intelligent vehicle has become a very important part of Internet of Things technology. At present, the single-vehicle intelligence is gradually improved, and more and more unmanned vehicles appear on the road. In the future, these individual intelligence applications need to be transformed into collective intelligence to give full play to the greater advantages of unmanned driving. For example, individual intelligence is self-interest. If there is no collective cooperation, it may affect the whole traffic flow for its own speed. Although the vehicle ad hoc network technology provides a guarantee for the communication between vehicles and makes cooperation between vehicles possible, there are still challenges in how to adapt to coordination learning. Coordination reinforcement learning is one of the most promising methods to solve the multiagent coordination optimization problems. However, existing coordinative learning approaches that usually rely on static topologies cannot be easily adopted to solve the vehicle coordination problems in the dynamic environment. We propose a dynamic coordination reinforcement learning to help vehicles make their driving decisions. First, we apply driving safety field theory to construct the dynamic coordination graph (DCG), representing the dynamic coordination behaviors among vehicles. Second, we design reinforcement learning techniques on our DCG model to implement the joint optimal action reasoning for the multivehicle system and eventually derive the optimal driving policy for each vehicle. Finally, compared with other multiagent learning methods, our method has a significant improvement in security and speed, which is about 1% higher than other multiagent learning methods, but its training speed is also significantly improved about 8%.
Long-Term Bearing Deformation Characteristics of Caved Gangue in Gob under Different Moisture Conditions
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wei Shanming , Zhao Zhenhua , Xing Liting , Li Changsuo , Wang Hailong
Published: April 2022

In gob, the caved gangue is in a state of long-term bearing deformation with obvious time-dependent effect, even though the coal seam has been mined for a long time. As time goes on, because of the excessive deformation of caved gangue, the gob surrounding rock will easily aggravate the structural instability and cause dynamic disasters, such as mine water inrush and surface collapse. If the gob is filled with water, the bearing capacity of the caved gangue in waterlogged environment will be worse than that in dry environment, which will greatly increase the possibility of disasters. In order to study the bearing deformation characteristics of caved gangue under different moisture conditions, a testing system used for bearing deformation testing of caved gangue is developed. The typical caved gangue is chosen for samples. In view of the particle size distribution characteristics and stress state of caved gangue, the size distribution of caved gangue obeys the law of normal distribution and the load pattern is designed to step load. With the increase of axial load, the axial deformation of caved gangue increases gradually, the residual bulking coefficient decreases gradually, which are more obvious in load stage than in constant load stage. In the early constant load stage, the axial deformation of caved gangue grows rapidly, then tends to be slow and steady gradually; the relationship between strain and time meets the logarithmic relationship. In load stage, the D-value of axial strain decreases gradually along with the increase of axial load, whereas in constant load stage, it is opposite; the bearing deformation of caved gangue is consisted of two parts: instantaneous compression deformation and long-term deformation. For instantaneous compression deformation, the water acting as the lubricant promotes the compressive strain of caved gangue specimen and is conducive to rotation and slipping between each rock block. For long-term deformation, meanwhile, the water acting as the softening agent reduces the strength of the rock block and is conducive to the crushing of the rock block. The newborn rock blocks may slip and fill the gap between rock blocks, which also promotes the compressive strain of caved gangue specimen. The research results have important significance for forecasting and controlling the movement and deformation of overlying strata caused by mining.
A Novel Helper qPCR Assay for the Detection of miRNA Using Target/Helper Template for Primer Formation
Authors: Jiang Xianfeng , Wang Jiahui , Shen Xudan , Talap Jadera , Yang Yang , Yang Dan , Xiao Guizhou , Cai Sheng
Published: April 2022

A novel, simple, and sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technology, which is termed as helper qPCR, was established to detect miRNA. In this assay, the target miRNA sequence was introduced as helper template for a reaction switch preforming two-step real-time qPCR strategy. Firstly, the reverse primer was reverse transcribed to form “mediator primer” after binding to the target miRNA. Then, the mediator primer was further extended to form “active template” with annealing to the mediator template. In the end, the active template was amplified and detected by the qPCR reaction system with the help of reverse and forward primers. The SYBR Green dye was used for fluorescence quantification, which is quicker and cheaper than the fluorescent probes, as the detection limit of this assay was 1 pM. This helper qPCR system can be used for different miRNAs detection by redesigning reverse primer for target, indicating this strategy could afford good performance in detecting multiple miRNAs and has a promising application prospect.
Automatic Detection of Hard Exudates Shadow Region within Retinal Layers of OCT Images
Authors: Singh Maninder , Gupta Vishal , Singh Pramod Kumar , Gupta Rajeev , Kumar Basant , Alenezi Fayadh , Alhudhaif Adi , Althubiti Sara A. , Polat Kemal
Published: April 2022

The optical coherence tomography (OCT) is useful in viewing cross-sectional retinal images and detecting various forms of retinal disorders from those images. Image processing methods and computational algorithms underlying this paper try to detect the shadowing region beneath exudates automatically. This paper presents a novel method for detecting hard exudates from retinal OCT images, often associated with macular edema near or within the outer plexiform layer. In this paper, an algorithm can automatically detect the presence of hard exudates in retinal OCT images, and these exudates appear as highly reflective spots. Still, they do not appear as noticeable bright spots because of their minute sizes in predevelopment phases. In the proposed work, we are using a method to detect the presence of hard exudates by analyzing their shadowing effect instead of focusing on brightness spots. The raster scanning operation is performed by traversing the retina horizontally, and noting up any change in normalized summation of brightness intensity (summing up the intensity from top to bottom retinal layers and normalized concerning retinal width) leads to the detection of minute as well as the presence for the detection of large exudates detection by differentiating this brightness intensity graph. The shadow region helps identify the hard exudates; in our proposed method, the output for three input images has been shown. There is an excellent agreement between the results generated by the proposed algorithm and the diagnostic opinion made by the ophthalmologist. The proposed method automatically detects the hard exudates using shadow regions, and it does not need any parameter settings or manual intervention. It can yield significant results by giving the position of shadow regions, which indicates the presence of exudates.
Research on Numerical Simulation Method of Nonstationary Random Vibration Signal Sensor in Railway Transportation
Authors: Zhang Wenchao , Zhang Bo , Xu Fei , Asif Mohammad
Published: April 2022

During railway transportation, due to various factors such as road conditions and operating conditions and produced vibrations and shocks, this kind of vibration environment may cause fatigue damage to on-board equipment and transported goods. The authors propose a research on the numerical simulation method of the nonstationary random vibration signal sensor of railway transportation; first, they establish the mathematical model of the railway nonstationary random vibration signal sensor and then introduce the method of reconstructing the railway nonstationary random vibration signal sensor. For railway nonstationary non-Gaussian random vibration reconstruction signal, compare the time-domain characteristics of the sampled signal, and for railway nonstationary non-Gaussian random vibration reconstruction signal, compare the frequency domain characteristics of the sampled signal. The results show that the relative error of the RMSM function is within 6%, the relative error of the sliding bias function is within 10%, and the relative error of the sliding kurtosis function is within 8%. The energy distribution of the edge Hilbert amplitude spectrum is very similar, with absolute error less than 6%. The energy fluctuations are similar in each band, with absolute error rates less than 4% in most bands. The method proposed in this article, suitable for reconstruction of railway nonstationary Gaussian random vibration and nonstationary non-Gaussian vibration signal sensor, verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the signal reconstruction method. The model and signal reconstruction method proposed in this paper are applied to the railway nonstationary Gaussian and nonstationary non-Gaussian random vibration sampling signals.
Association of Sarcopenia and Low Nutritional Status with Unplanned Hospital Readmission after Radical Gastrectomy in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Cai Yiqi , Chen Shan , Chen Xiaodong , Chen Wenjing , Wang Pengfei , Zhu Guanbao , Jin Jinji
Published: April 2022

Objective. Sarcopenia is one of the influencing factors of poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer but the association with readmission are unknown. We aimed to explore factors associated with readmission after gastrectomy and to determine whether preoperative sarcopenia is a common outcome in readmitted patients. Methods. In this case-control study, patients who underwent gastric resection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between April 2016 and September 2017 were included. The reasons of readmission patients were described. The readmission patients and non-readmission patients were matched by propensity score matching (PSM). The univariate analysis was applied for the baseline characteristics, operative details, postoperative prognosis and discharge disposition, and multiple logistic regression analysis for the independent risk factors of readmission. Results. The unplanned readmission rate within 30 days of radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer was 6.5% (43/657). The average time interval from discharge to readmission was 13 days. Delayed gastric evacuation was the main cause of readmission (18.6%, 8/43). Body mass index (BMI), nutritional risk screening (NRS) 2002 score, history of abdominal surgery, sarcopenia, and preoperative albumin were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. NRS 2002 (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.10–10.72,

P
=
0.034

) and sarcopenia (OR = 4.25, 95% CI: 1.13–16.02,

P
=
0.033

) were found to be independently associated with unplanned readmission within 30 days of radical gastrectomy for cancer. Other factors such as age, sex, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, surgical method, operation and reconstruction type, TNM stage, surgical duration, previous abdominal surgery, and preoperative albumin and hemoglobin level were not associated with unplanned readmission after radical gastrectomy for cancer. Conclusions. Sarcopenia and low nutritional status are independently associated with unplanned readmission within 30 days of radical gastrectomy for cancer.
The Therapeutic Effect of Coriolus versicolor Fruiting Body on STZ-Induced ICR Diabetic Mice
Authors: Meng Fanxin , Lin Yumiao , Hu Lifu , Feng Wei , Su Peiwen , Wu Liyan
Published: April 2022

Coriolus versicolor is a natural drugs which has many pharmacological effects such as antitumor and enhanced immune activity. This paper studies the therapeutic effect of Coriolus versicolor fruiting body (CVFB) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) diabetic mice, the STZ solution was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 150 mg/kg after fasting the mice, and ICR mice with fasting blood glucose >16.7 mmol/l were selected for research. Metformin was the positive control, and the dose of CVFB powder (1000 mg/kg, 2000 mg/kg, and 4000 mg/kg) for 28 consecutive days by gavage. The serum and liver of mice were collected for relevant index content testing. The results showed that CVFB can control or reduce the fasting blood glucose of mice and accelerate the rate of glucose metabolism, can reduce the levels of total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in mice, and regulate the abnormal symptoms of blood lipid metabolism commonly found in diabetes. It can increase the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) antioxidant enzymes and enhance the ability of antioxidative stress in diabetic mice. In the H&E staining and apoptosis experiments of pancreatic tissue, CVFB can greatly reduce the inflammatory factors present in islets, increase the islet cells, and reduce the apoptotic rate caused by diabetes. All data confirmed the therapeutic effect of CVFB on diabetic ICR mice. The present study provides a scientific basis for the development of drugs for the prevention and treatment of diabetes, it is of great significance to the in-depth study of Coriolus versicolor.
Biliverdin/Bilirubin Redox Pair Protects Lens Epithelial Cells against Oxidative Stress in Age-Related Cataract by Regulating NF-κB/iNOS and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways
Authors: Huang Yang , Li Jinglan , Li Wenzhe , Ai Nanping , Jin Haiying
Published: April 2022

Age-related cataract (ARC) is the leading cause of vision impairment globally. It has been widely accepted that excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in lens epithelial cells (LECs) is a critical risk factor for ARC formation. Biliverdin (BV)/bilirubin (BR) redox pair is the active by-product of heme degradation with robust antioxidative stress and antiapoptotic effects. Thus, we purpose that BV and BR may have a therapeutic effect on ARC. In the present study, we determine the expression levels of enzymes regulating BV and BR generation in human lens anterior capsule samples. The therapeutic effect of BV/BR redox pair on ARC was assessed in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-damaged mouse LECs in vitro. The NF-κB/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathways were evaluated to illustrate the molecular mechanism. The results revealed that the mRNA expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, and biliverdin reductase A (BVRA) were all decreased in human samples of age-related nuclear cataract. BV/BR redox pair pretreatment protected LECs against H2O2 damage by prohibiting NF-κB p65 nuclear trafficking, ameliorating iNOS expression, reducing intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels, and restoring glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. BV and BR pretreatment also regulated the expression of apoptotic molecules (Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3), thus decreasing the apoptosis of LECs. In addition, BV/BR pair promoted Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and HO-1 induction, whereas the knockdown of BVRA counteracted the effect of BV on activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and antiapoptosis. These findings implicated that BV/BR redox pair protects LECs against H2O2-induced apoptosis by regulating NF-κB/iNOS and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Moreover, BVRA is responsible for BV-mediated cytoprotection by reductive conversion of BV to BR. This trial is registered with ChiCTR2000036059
Surface State Treatment of Carbon Dots Using Sulphur Dioxide Isotherm
Authors: Natrayan L. , Veeman Dhinakaran , Patil Pravin P. , Swamy Nadh V. , Balamurugan P. , Chewaka Muse Degefe
Published: April 2022

Low toxicity carbon dots are combating the disadvantages of quantum dots. The carbon dots find their applications in many fields due to their versatile nature. Four different types of carbon dots are present, according to the way of manufacturing and application the type is chosen. The water-soluble characteristics of carbon dots help them be involved in biomedicine applications. The optical properties of the carbon dots find applications as drug delivery, biosensors, LED, etc. The properties like fluorescence, photoluminescence, and phosphorescence are found in the carbon dots. The carbon dots occupy the tiny spot that exhibits different optical properties on excitation. The carbon dots excitation is mainly due to surface states. The characterization of surface states is very complex. The surface states contain the core structure of carbon and oxygen functional groups on the surfaces. The anions and cations formed from functional groups on excitation will recombine themselves. The functional groups are usually carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. The Π-collaborative network of the electronic structure contains many quantization levels which help the carbon dots to produce different wavelengths adapting to different applications. Due to the interference of the structure of the carbon dots, the entire property will vary. Doping of heteroatom methods is employed to enhance the fluorescence, and photoluminescence property carried out. They used N, S, P, and B heteroatoms singly and in combination to doping carbon dots. Here, the paper proposes the sulphur dioxide adsorption technique to enhance the optical properties of the carbon dots. The proposed method shows 8.5% efficiency in relative fluorescence intensity and 8% efficiency in terms of photoluminescence intensity.
Optimization Analysis of Advertising Information Resource Allocation in View of the Dynamic Game Model
Authors: Han Jun
Published: April 2022

Advertising has become the most important part of emerging advertising media with rich content, vivid form, huge browsing volume, and exponential growth in market share. It brings huge profits to operators and advertisers participating in bidding every year. Formulate reasonable allocation rules and payment rules for advertising resources in advertising space sales. The advertising configuration platform mainly has three functions: the entry function of home page advertising, serving the company’s operation department and storing the advertising information entered by operation, with a large amount of data, involving more than a dozen tables. The advertisement output function outputs the advertisement of the storage layer through the interface in JSON data format. This part of the function serves the downstream systems, such as mobile phone clients and PC. Starting from the requirements’ analysis, this study introduces the platform design and the analysis method logic, shows the implementation of the platform, and then analyzes and describes the test process from the aspects of function and performance. Based on the review and summary of the formation and characteristics of the competitive structure of China’s advertising market and the research results of foreign advertising classification, this study makes a qualitative and quantitative study on the competitive strategy of China’s advertising game by using the principles of service marketing and advertising, the classical model of oligarch competitive structure, game theory, differential game, and dynamic optimization. In terms of qualitative research, this study discusses the impact of advertising on China’s market competition pattern and the advertising game strategy through the comparative study of advertising and the analysis of market characteristics. The study found that due to the high barriers to entry of the advertising market and the intangibility of products, the strategy of putting category advertising and information advertising should be adopted. In quantitative research, based on the Sethi model, this study discusses the advertising game strategy model of the Oligarchic competition structure. The important conclusions include the profitability of enterprises from the market share is the most important factor to determine the market share and advertising expenditure. The impact of advertising on market share is obvious. The role of advertising expenditure has a time lag. Drastic changes in the scale of advertising expenditure will cause long‐term fluctuations in the market structure. The research method has a certain universality, so the research results can also be used for reference for the advertising strategy of other industries with oligopoly competition structures.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Symptom Score in Integrative Treatments (ALS-SSIT) for Evaluating Therapeutic Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Prospective Study
Authors: Zheng Xuanlu , Schröder Joana , Sima Dandan , Wang Mingzhe , Wang Qiudong , Pan Weidong
Published: April 2022

Objective. To evaluate the reliability, validity, sensitivity, and clinical applicability of a new scale—the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis symptom score in integrative treatments (ALS-SSIT)—for measuring the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods. A total of 160 patients with ALS were enrolled and followed up for 6 months. All patients received TCM. Patients were evaluated at enrollment and at the end of 6 months with a new scale, the ALS-SSIT, developed after extensive consultations with TCM experts with several years of experience in the treatment of ALS. The 36-item Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36) scale and the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale (ALSFRS) were used as the reference standards. Results. The acceptance rate and completion rate of the ALS-SSIT scale were high, and the content validity was confirmed by experts. Test-retest performed at enrollment and at 6 months showed good reliability of the ALS-SSIT scale (Cronbach

α

, 0.9172 and 0.9181, respectively). The ALS-SSIT scale score showed significant change at 6 months, indicating the ability to reflect the change in disease severity. Conclusion. The ALS-SSIT appears to be a feasible, reliable, and sensitive tool for the evaluation of the effect of TCM in patients with ALS.
Spatiotemporal Coupling and Driving Factors of Farmland Transfer and Labor Transfer Based on Big Data: The Case of Xinjiang, China
Authors: Wang Yijie , Liu Guoyong , Liu Xiaohu
Published: April 2022

Agriculture big data can use the advantages of information technology to provide data support and technical support for improving the level of farmland transfer and labor transfer. And the coupling and coordinated development of the two is an essential way to ensure the effective promotion of the rural revitalization strategy and complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in an all-round path. First, aided by the coupling coordination model and exploratory spatial data analysis, a detailed analysis of the spatiotemporal patterns and dynamics of farmland transfer and labor transfer was conducted. The driving factors were quantitatively examined using the gray correlation model. The results indicate that the degree of coupling and coordination between Xinjiang’s farmland transfer and labor transfer ranges from 0.50 to 0.70, basically on the between of slight and primary coordination, and the degree of coordination among the regions varies greatly. The labor resource endowment, agricultural equipment level, farmland ownership confirmation, nonagricultural industry development level, and urbanization level are significantly impacting the degree of coupling and coordination between Xinjiang’s farmland transfer and labor transfer.
Simplified Analysis of Thermal Cracks in Low‐Heat Portland Cement Concrete
Authors: Liu Longlong , Zhao Shangchuan , Xin Jianda , Wang Zhenhong
Published: April 2022

This article introduces some experimental data from the compression test, the tension test, and the temperature stress test machine (TSTM) test for low‐heat Portland (LHP) cement concrete with different fly ash (FA) content. With the proposed equations, the thermal cracks can be predicted with the TSTM test along with the mechanical properties. The higher FA content exhibits a lower hydration degree and a smaller adiabatic temperature rise. Although the FA content decreases the hydration heat and the strength at an early age, there are few influences on the relational expression between compressive strength and tensile strength. The proposed equations can also be applied to estimate the thermal cracks risk in LHP cement concrete. The cracking stress of LHP cement concrete in the temperature stress test is not only related to the tensile stress history but also connected to the compressive stress history. Considering the strength history, an analytical method for evaluating the cracking temperature difference was proposed. With the proposed method, only compressive strength can be used to estimate the thermal cracks risk for LHP cement concrete at different ages. It greatly simplifies the evaluation method of thermal cracks in low‐heat Portland cement concrete. Furthermore, this evaluation method can also be applied to other types of concrete.
[Retracted] Improved Artificial Neural Network with State Order Dataset Estimation for Brain Cancer Cell Diagnosis
Authors: Indira D. N. V. S. L. S. , Ganiya Rajendra Kumar , Ashok Babu P. , Xavier A. Jasmine , Kavisankar L. , Hemalatha S. , Senthilkumar V. , Kavitha T. , Rajaram A. , Annam Karthik , Yeshitla Alazar
Published: April 2022

Brain cancer is one of the cell synthesis diseases. Brain cancer cells are analyzed for patient diagnosis. Due to this composite cell, the conceptual classifications differ from each and every brain cancer investigation. In the gene test, patient prognosis is identified based on individual biocell appearance. Classification of advanced artificial neural network subtypes attains improved performance compared to previous enhanced artificial neural network (EANN) biocell subtype investigation. In this research, the proposed features are selected based on improved gene expression programming (IGEP) with modified brute force algorithm. Then, the maximum and minimum term survivals are classified by using PCA with enhanced artificial neural network (EANN). In this, the improved gene expression programming (IGEP) effectual features are selected by using remainder performance to improve the prognosis efficiency. This system is estimated by using the Cancer Genome Atlas (CGA) dataset. Simulation outputs present improved gene expression programming (IGEP) with modified brute force algorithm which achieves accurate efficiency of 96.37%, specificity of 96.37%, sensitivity of 98.37%, precision of 78.78%, F‐measure of 80.22%, and recall of 64.29% when compared to generalized regression neural network (GRNN), improved extreme learning machine (IELM) with minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR) method, and support vector machine (SVM).
A Trust Aware Authentication Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks Optimized by Salp Swarm Optimization and Deep Belief Networks
Authors: Althubiti Sara A.
Published: April 2022

Presently, the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSN) offers a broad research field for enabling advanced networked services. It remains popular due to its applicability in various real time areas such as healthcare, environmental monitoring, factory configuration, and many more. While the benefits of WSNs are many, security is still a major concern due to the intrinsic prevalence of wireless links in the network. In order to achieve security and reliable communication, an optimized authentication scheme becomes necessary. Therefore, this research work introduces a novel salp swarm optimization with deep belief network based trust aware authentication (SSDBN-TAA) scheme for WSN. Primarily, the SSDBN-TAA technique undergoes a weighted clustering scheme to partition the network into a collection of clusters. Additionally, a trust factor is collectively derived between the nodes that exist in the network, and the nodes exceeding the threshold trust value are considered as valid. An SSDBN model is utilized for dynamically selecting the threshold trust value, and the hyperparameters of the DBN model are optimally adjusted using the salp swarm algorithm (SSA). The design of SSA is efficient and thereby enhances the authentication performance. To explore the enhanced outcomes of the SSDBN-TAA technique, we conduct extensive comparative experiments to ensure the enhanced outcomes of the SSDBN-TAA system dominate the present state of art approaches.
Density-Based Geometric One-Class Classifier Combined with Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Kim Do Gyun , Choi Jin Young
Published: April 2022

One of the most prospective issues in recent machine learning research is one-class classification (OCC), which considers datasets composed of only one class and outlier. It is more reasonable than the traditional multiclass classification in dealing with problematic datasets or special cases. Generally, classification accuracy and interpretability for users are considered to have a trade-off in OCC methods. A classifier based on hyperrectangle (H-RTGL) can alleviate such a trade-off and uses H-RTGL formulated by the conjunction of geometric rules (called an interval). This interval can form a basis for interpretability since it can be easily understood by the user. However, the existing H-RTGL-based OCC classifiers have the following limitations: (i) they cannot reflect the density of the target class, (ii) the density is considered using a primitive interval generation method, and (iii) there exists no systematic procedure for determining the hyperparameter of the H-RTGL-based OCC classifier, which influences its classification performance. Therefore, we suggest a one-class hyperrectangle descriptor based on density

1
−
H
R

D

d

with a more elaborate interval generation method, including parametric and nonparametric approaches. Specifically, we design a genetic algorithm that comprises a chromosome structure and genetic operators for systematic generation of

1
−
H
R

D

d

through optimization of the hyperparameter. Our study is validated through a numerical experiment using several actual datasets with different sizes and features, and the result is compared to the existing OCC algorithms along with other H-RTGL-based classifiers.
Value Research of NLR, PLR, and RDW in Prognostic Assessment of Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Wanchen , Xin Shen , Xu Baohong
Published: April 2022

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the relevance of the study with the neutrophil count and lymphocyte count ratio (NLR), platelet count and lymphocyte count ratio (PLR), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in the prognostic evaluation of colorectal cancer patients. Methods. 143 patients with colorectal cancer from January 2016 to January 2019 were selected by our hospital, and then, other 143 cases of physical examiners as normal groups were selecting to proceed colonoscopic biopsy to diagnose 106 cases of precancerous diseases related to colorectal cancer. Among them were the inflammatory bowel group (n = 56) and the colorectal polyp group (n = 50). Analysis of the survival impact factors of patients with carcinoma of the rectum, preoperative NLR, ROW, PLR, and prognostic relationship, and comparison of NLR, PLR, and RDW diagnostic rate and expression were performed. Results. Tissue type, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, NLR, RDW, and PLR had a predictive influence on patients with colorectal cancer (

P
0.05

). There was no link between gender, age, aetiology, pathological type, and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (

P
>
0.05

). Multiple variables in patients with colorectal cancer are affected by tissue categorization (poor differentiation), TNM stages (III, IV), lymph node metastases, NLR, ROW, and PLR (

P
0.05

). When compared to solo NLR, Row, and PLR diagnostics, the combination diagnosis and malignancy rates were greater, and the differences were statistically significant (

P
0.05

). Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were greater when compared to single NLR, ROW, and PLR. When compared to the normal control group, NLR, ROW, and PLR have greater levels, and the differences are statistically significant (

P
0.05

). The patient survival declines more slowly as PLR, NLR, and the severity of the condition rises. Conclusion. NLR, ROW, and PLR combined diagnosis has high accuracy in colorectal cancer diagnosis, and the prognosis of patients with NLR, ROW, and PLR levels has a tight association; so, clinically, the above signs should be identified, and the optimal treatment time is grasped.
Role Mismatch in Medical Decision-Making Participation Is Associated with Anxiety and Depression in Family Members of Patients in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Fang Tingting , Du Pengfei , Wang Yin , Chen Dandan , Lu Hailin , Cheng Haoran , Hu Wenqing , Jiang Donghui
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to investigate the mismatch between the preferred and actual roles in the medical decision-making of intensive care unit (ICU) patients’ family members and the relationship between the role mismatch of family members’ decisions and anxiety and depression syndromes. A total of 223 family members of ICU patients in the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University in China were enrolled. The simple Chinese version of the Control Preference Scale was used to complete the surveys to assess the preferred and actual roles, and anxiety and depression syndromes were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. For the preferred and actual roles, the active role rates were 16.1% and 8.1%, the cooperative role rates were 49.3% and 31.4%, and the passive role rates were 34.5% and 60.5%, respectively. The incidence of mismatch was 43.0% between the preferred and actual roles, and the consistency between their preferred and actual decision-making roles was poor (kappa = 0.309,

P

 < 0.001). Family members with mismatched decision-making roles had significantly higher incidence rates of anxiety (90.6% vs. 57.5%,

P

 < 0.001) and depression (86.5% vs. 63.0%,

P

 < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that mismatches in decision-making roles remained independently associated with these outcomes after adjustment for family members’ sociodemographic features. The results of the present study demonstrate that the preferred role of ICU patients’ family members is mainly cooperative, and the actual role is mainly passive. The mismatch between the preferred and actual roles is associated with anxiety and depression among the ICU patients’ family members.
The Investigation of Strata Control for Ultrasoft Coal Seam Mining
Authors: Zhu Chuanqi , Wang Lei , Li Shaobo
Published: April 2022

Strata control of ultrasoft coal seam has been a critical problem for mining and geotechnical engineers in years. In this paper, the No. 66207 longwall panel at Xinzhuangzi coal mine, Anhui, China, was used as an example for study. A systematic approach using laboratory testing, numerical simulation, and field validation was implemented to investigate the influences of roadway layout and presplit blasting on mechanical properties of surrounding rock. Based on the results, an inward-stagger roadway layout with presplit blasting on roof was proposed for the regional strata control. The investigation on the relationship between angle of repose of ultrasoft coal and water content showed that the angle of repose first increased then decreased with increasing water content. The peak value was observed at 17.659% water content, suggesting water injection into ultrasoft coal seam can improve the coal mechanical properties and rib stability. The “high resistance, integral beam, two-stage rib+roof support system” was design to replace the traditional equipment, which can support the ultrasoft coal seam. The combination of this system and proposed “difference stepping” mining technique was capable of preventing roof and rib from failure, as well as mitigating the rockfall during moving hydraulic support. Based on the field validation, it was found that the stress concentration coefficient was relatively low during mining process. This was able to effectively manage the mining-induced stress while improving the productivity three times than without the technique. There was also no failure event observed during mining, such that the safety of mine workers was improved significantly.
Predicting Outcomes for Interhospital Transferred Patients of Emergency General Surgery
Authors: Cave Brandon , Najafali Daniel , Gilliam William , Barr Jackson F. , Cain Christian , Yum Chris , Palmer Jamie , Tanveer Safura , Esposito Emily , Tran Quincy K.
Published: April 2022

Background. Interhospital transferred (IHT) emergency general surgery (EGS) patients are associated with high care intensity and mortality. However, prior studies do not focus on patient-level data. Our study, using each IHT patient’s data, aimed to understand the underlying cause for IHT EGS patients’ outcomes. We hypothesized that transfer origin of EGS patients impacts outcomes due to critical illness as indicated by higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and disease severity. Materials and Methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all adult patients transferred to our quaternary academic center’s EGS service from 01/2014 to 12/2016. Only patients transferred to our hospital with EGS service as the primary service were eligible. We used multivariable logistic regression and probit analysis to measure the association of patients’ clinical factors and their outcomes (mortality and survivors’ hospital length of stay [HLOS]). Results. We analyzed 708 patients, 280 (39%) from an ICU, 175 (25%) from an ED, and 253 (36%) from a surgical ward. Compared to ED patients, patients transferred from the ICU had higher mean (SD) SOFA score (5.7 (4.5) vs. 2.39 (2),

P
<
0.001

), longer HLOS, and higher mortality. Transferring from ICU (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.36–6.41,

P
=
0.006

), requiring laparotomy (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.04–3.70,

P
=
0.039

), and SOFA score (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.13–1.32,

P
<
0.001

) were associated with higher mortality. Conclusions. At our academic center, patients transferred from an ICU were more critically ill and had longer HLOS and higher mortality. We identified SOFA score and a few conditions and diagnoses as associated with patients’ outcomes. Further studies are needed to confirm our observation.