bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism by ginseng
Authors: Yoon Michung , Lee Hyunghee , Jeong Sunhyo , Kim Jung‐Jae , Nicol Christopher J , Nam Kung Woo , Kim Moonza , Cho Byung Goo , Oh Goo Taeg
Published: April 2003

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) regulates the expression of the key genes involved in lipid metabolism following activation of this receptor by various ligands. Ginseng, a highly valuable medicine in oriental societies, is also reported to modulate lipid metabolism, although the mechanism of its action remains unknown. In order to test our hypothesis that ginseng exerts its effects by altering PPARα‐mediated pathways, the effects of Korean red ginseng on PPARα function and serum lipid profiles were investigated using in vivo and in vitro approaches.

In vivo administration of ginseng extract (GE) and ginsenosides (GS) not only inhibited mRNA levels of acyl‐CoA oxidase, a rate‐limiting enzyme for PPARα‐mediated peroxisomal fatty acid β‐oxidation, induced by the potent PPARα ligand Wy14,643 in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, but also inhibited the induction of PPARα target genes expected following treatment with Wy14,643.

Consistent with the in vivo data, both GE and GS caused dose‐dependent decreases in the endogenous expression of a luciferase reporter gene containing the PPAR responsive element (PPRE), while GS significantly decreased the magnitude of reporter gene activation in the presence of Wy14,643.

Serological studies demonstrated that, compared with vehicle‐treated mice, treatment with GS significantly increased serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Compared to groups treated with Wy14,643 alone, which significantly decreased serum triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels versus controls, coadministration of either GE or GS with Wy14,643 modestly increased serum triglycerides and HDL cholesterol.

These results indicate that the effects of ginseng on serum lipid profiles may be mediated by changes in the expression of PPARα target genes, providing the first evidence that in vivo and in vitro treatments of ginseng modulate PPARα action. In addition, these data suggest that ginseng can act as an inhibitor of PPARα function, which may have therapeutic implications.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 138, 1295–1302. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705169
Actions of bradykinin on electrical and synaptic behavior of neurones in the myenteric plexus of guinea‐pig small intestine
Authors: Hu Hong‐Zhen , Liu Sumei , Gao Na , Xia Yun , Mostafa Randa , Ren Jun , Zafirov Dimiter H , Wood Jackie D
Published: April 2003

Electrophysiologic methods were used to study actions of bradykinin (BK) in neurones of the myenteric plexus of guinea‐pig small intestine in vitro. Exposure to BK depolarized the membrane potential and elevated excitability in AH‐ and S‐type neurones. Neuronal input resistance associated with the depolarizing responses was either decreased or unchanged in S‐type and increased in AH‐type neurones.

The selective B2 BK receptor antagonist HOE‐140, but not the selective B1 receptor antagonist des‐arg10‐HOE‐140, suppressed the BK‐evoked responses. RT‐PCR confirmed the expression of B2 receptor mRNA, but not B1 receptor mRNA.

Binding of fluorescently‐ labeled HOE‐140 (HOE741) was localized to ganglion cells in whole‐mount preparations. BK B2 receptors were coexpressed with immunoreactivity for calbindin or nitric oxide synthase.

Exposure to BK suppressed the amplitude of both fast and slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Depolarizing responses evoked by application of serotonin or substance P and nicotinic responses to acetylcholine were not reduced by BK. This suggested that BK action on neurotransmission was presynaptic suppression of neurotransmitter release. Presence of HOE‐140 in the bathing solution suppressed or abolished the presynaptic inhibitory action of BK.

The cyclooxygenase inhibitor, piroxicam, suppressed both the direct excitatory action of BK and its presynaptic inhibitory action. Application of prostaglandin E2, D2, F2α or I2 mimicked the BK‐evoked responses.

The results suggest that BK acts at B2 BK receptors on myenteric neurones to stimulate the formation of prostaglandins. Once formed and released, the prostaglandins act to elevate the excitability of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus and to suppress the synaptic release of neurotransmitters.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 138, 1221–1232. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705180
A novel immunosuppressive agent FTY720 induced Akt dephosphorylation in leukemia cells
Authors: Matsuoka Yumiko , Nagahara Yukitoshi , Ikekita Masahiko , Shinomiya Takahisa
Published: April 2003

Our previous studies revealed that the immunosuppressive agent, FTY720, mainly induces mitochondria‐involved apoptosis in some types of cancer cells, since Bcl‐2 overexpression prevents the FTY720‐induction of apoptotic stimuli. Furthermore, FTY720 induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. The present study further examines the correlation between intracellular signaling kinases with FTY720‐induced mitochondria‐involved apoptosis.

Human T cell leukemia Jurkat was exposed to FTY720. Dephosphorylation of Akt occurred in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. FTY720 also induced Bad (Ser136) and ribosomal p70S6 kinase (p70S6k) (Thr389) dephosphorylation.

FTY720‐induced Akt dephosphorylation was not because of Akt upstream phosphatidylinositol 3′‐kinase (PI 3‐kinase) pathway inhibition.

FTY720 also induced Akt dephosphorylation in human B cell leukemia BALL‐1. BALL‐1 cells were resistant to FTY720‐induced apoptosis.

Okadaic acid (OA) inhibited the FTY720‐induced dephosphorylation of Akt and p70S6k, suggesting that FTY720 promotes Ser/Thr protein phosphatase (PP) activity.

OA partially inhibited FTY720‐induced caspase‐3 activation.

PP2A or PP2A‐like phosphatase was temporarily activated in cells exposed to FTY720. In addition, FTY720 activated purified PP2A (ABC).

Overall, the results suggest that FTY720 activated PP2A or PP2A‐like phosphatase and dephosphorylated Akt pathway factors resulting in the enhancement of apoptosis via mitochondria.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 138, 1303–1312. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705182
Phorbol esters and neurotransmitter release: more than just protein kinase C?
Authors: Silinsky Eugene M , Searl Timothy J
Published: April 2003

This review focuses on the effects of phorbol esters and the role of phorbol ester receptors in the secretion of neurotransmitter substances. We begin with a brief background on the historical use of phorbol esters as tools to decipher the role of the enzyme protein kinase C in signal transduction cascades. Next, we illustrate the structural differences between active and inactive phorbol esters and the mechanism by which the binding of phorbol to its recognition sites (C1 domains) on a particular protein acts to translocate that protein to the membrane. We then discuss the evidence that the most important nerve terminal receptor for phorbol esters (and their endogenous counterpart diacylglycerol) is likely to be Munc13. Indeed, Munc13 and its invertebrate homologues are the main players in priming the secretory apparatus for its critical function in the exocytosis process.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 138, 1191–1201. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705213
Measuring the Depth Induced by an Opposite-Luminance (but Not Anticorrelated) Stereogram
Authors: Howe Piers D L , Watanabe Takeo
Published: April 2003

The same-sign hypothesis suggests that only those edges in the two retinal images whose luminance gradients have the same sign, known as same-sign edges, can be stereoscopically fused to generate a perception of depth. If true, one would expect that the magnitude of the depth induced by an opposite-luminance stereogram (eg one where the figure in one stereo half-image is black and the figure in the other is white) should be determined by the disparity of the same-sign edges. Despite the considerable work on the same-sign hypothesis this prediction has yet to be verified. Here we confirm this prediction for a particular opposite-luminance stereogram and discuss possible reasons why it is not true for opposite-luminance stereograms that are presented briefly or where each stereo half-image contains many elements.
Children's Search for Targets Located within and beyond the Field of View: Effects of Deafness and Age
Authors: Netelenbos J Bernard , Savelsbergh Geert J P
Published: April 2003

The localisation time of visual targets within and beyond the field of view and the relative timing of the onsets of eye and head movements were examined in deaf and hearing children of two age groups: 5 – 7 years and 10 – 12 years. Compared to their hearing peers, the deaf children showed more often a mode of eye – head coordination in which the head leads the eye. The discrepancy between the onsets of eye and head movements were greater for the younger than for the older groups. Furthermore, the deaf children took more time than the hearing children to localise the targets; especially the young deaf differed from their hearing contemporaries. These findings support the view that during development the differences in visual search between deaf and hearing children decrease. The results are discussed in the context of a distinction between representational and sensorimotor control of eye – head responses.
Effects of bioaerosol polluted outdoor air on airways of residents: a cross sectional study
Authors: Herr C E W , zur Nieden A , Jankofsky M , Stilianakis N I , Boedeker R-H , Eikmann T F
Published: April 2003

Background:Bioaerosol pollution of workplace and home environments mainly affects airways and mucous membranes. The effect of environmental outdoor residential bioaerosol pollution, for example, livestock holdings, farming, and waste disposal plants, is unclear.

Aims:To investigate the perceived health of residents living in areas with measurable outdoor bioaerosol pollution (for example, spores ofAspergillus fumigatusand actinomycetes), and effects of accompanying odours.

Methods:In a cross sectional study, double blinded to ongoing microbial measurements, doctors collected 356 questionnaires from residents near a large scale composting site, and from unexposed controls in 1997. Self reported prevalence of health complaints during the past year, doctors’ diagnoses, as well as residential odour annoyance were assessed. Microbiological pollution was measured simultaneously in residential outdoor air.

Results:Concentrations of >105colony forming units of thermophilic actinomycetes, moulds, and total bacteria/m3air were measured 200 m from the site, dropping to near background concentrations within 300 m. Positive adjusted associations were observed for residency within 150–200 m from the site versus unexposed controls for self reported health complaints: “waking up due to coughing”, odds ratio (OR) 6.59 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.57 to 17.73); “coughing on rising or during the day”, OR 3.18 (95% CI 1.24 to 8.36); “bronchitis”, OR 3.59 (95% CI 1.40 to 9.4); and “excessive tiredness”, OR 4.27 (95% CI 1.56 to 12.15). Reports of irritative airway complaints were associated with residency in the highest bioaerosol exposure, 150–200 m (versus residency >400–500 m) from the site, and period of residency more than five years, but not residential odour annoyance. Lifetime prevalence of self reported diseases did not differ with exposure.

Conclusions:Bioaerosol pollution of residential outdoor air can occur in concentrations found in occupational environments. For the first time residents exposed to bioaerosol pollution were shown to report irritative respiratory complaints similar to mucous membrane irritation independently of perceived odours.
One year effectiveness of an individualised smoking cessation intervention at the workplace: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rodríguez-Artalejo F , Lafuente Urdinguio P , Guallar-Castillón P , Garteizaurrekoa Dublang P , Sáinz Martínez O , Díez Azcárate J I , Foj Alemán M , Banegas J R
Published: April 2003

Aims:To assess the effectiveness of a smoking cessation intervention at the workplace. The intervention was adapted to smokers‘ tobacco dependence, and included minimal structured counselling at the first visit (5–8 minutes), nicotine patches for three months, and three sessions of counselling for reinforcement of abstinence (2–3 minutes) over a three month period.

Methods:Open randomised trial with two groups: the intervention group, and the control group which was subjected to standard clinical practice, consisting of short (30 seconds to one minute) sporadic sessions of unstructured medical antismoking advice. The trial was carried out among 217 smokers of both sexes, aged 20–63 years, motivated to quit smoking and without contraindications for nicotine patches, who were employees at a public transport company and at two worksites of an electric company. The main outcome measure was self reported tobacco abstinence confirmed by carbon monoxide in expired air ≤10 ppm. Analysis was performed according to intention-to-treat.

Results:The rate of continuous abstinence at 12 months was 20.2% for the intervention versus 8.7% for the control group (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.13 to 5.90; p = 0.025). In subgroup analyses, effectiveness of the intervention did not vary substantially with age, tobacco dependence, number of cigarettes smoked per day, number of years of tobacco consumption, degree of desire to quit smoking, time spent with smokers, subjective health, and presence of tobacco related symptoms. Weight gain at 12 months was similar for both groups (1.69 kg in the interventionv2.01 kg in the control group; p = 0.21).

Conclusions:A simple and easily generalisable intervention at the workplace is effective to achieve long term smoking cessation. In a setting similar to ours, nine subjects would have to be treated for three months for one to achieve continuous abstinence for 12 months.
Medical staff in emergency situations: severity of patient status predicts stress hormone reactivity and recovery
Authors: Sluiter J K , van der Beek A J , Frings-Dresen M H W
Published: April 2003

Background:Although repetitive exposure to stressful situations is thought to habituate the physical stress responses, work stress is experienced by medical personnel in emergency and intensive care units; performance should, however, remain stable over time.

Aims:To investigate the neuroendocrine reactions (reactivity during and recovery after work) in experienced emergency caregivers during emergency situations.

Methods:A within subjects pre-post design was studied in the natural work environment of 20 municipal Dutch emergency caregivers. A stress protocol was developed in which the biomarker cortisol was measured in saliva at baseline, during the emergency period, and during recovery. Four scenarios were tested between subjects in which the severity of the emergency situation and the time of day were taken into account.

Results:Greater endocrine reactions were shown during and after the handling of patients in direct life threatening situations during morning hours compared to the handling of patients who were not in direct life threatening situations.
TWO PHOTON DECAYS OF SCALAR MESONS IN A COVARIANT QUARK MODEL
Authors: FAJFER S. , HORVATIĆ D. , TADIĆ D. , ŽGANEC S.
Published: April 2003

Two photon decay widths of the JP = O+ scalar mesons a0(980), f0(980), f0(1370) and χc0 are calculated in a covariant model which is characterized by the quark–antiquark structure. Previously such models were used to calculate current form factors. Here a different application is tried. A simple version of the model uses adjusted nonrelativistic model parameters with small quark masses. The results seem to prefer nonideal mixing of f0(980) and f0(1370). The calculated decay rate of χc0 agrees with the experimental results.
THE HIGGS SECTOR OF THE MINIMAL 3-3-1 MODEL REVISITED
Authors: ANH NGUYEN TUAN , KY NGUYEN ANH , LONG HOANG NGOC
Published: April 2003

The mass spectrum and the eigenstates of the Higgs sector of the minimal 3-3-1 model are revisited in detail. There are discrepancies between our present results and those obtained in a previous paper by another author. We also point out that the potential used there leads to inconsistent results and should be further modified or replaced by another more general potential.
CONSTRAINING THE RIGHT-HANDED INTERACTIONS FROM PION CONDENSATE MATTER
Authors: GOYAL ASHOK , DUTTA SUKANTA
Published: April 2003

We consider right-handed neutrino emission from charged and neutral pion condensate matter that could have been present in the supernova core associated with SN 1987 A. This is used to constrain the strength of right-handed interactions and we get an excluded range of values for the right-handed W boson and extra neutral Z' boson masses. For vanishing WL–WR mixing we obtain (1.3–1.8) MWL ≈≤ MWR ≤≈ (370–700) MWL and (1.3–1.8) MWL ≈≤ MN' ≤≈ 158MWL.
glq(n)-COVARIANT OSCILLATORS REALIZATION OF CERTAIN DEFORMED ALGEBRAS
Authors: EL KINANI E. H.
Published: April 2003

In this paper we review the glq(n)-covariant oscillators algebra and its Fock space representation. We use these results to construct the glq(n)-covariant realization of some infinite dimensional Lie algebras which occurs in the physics literature. Some new explicit realizations of glq(n)-covariant oscillators algebra are also given. At the end, some aspects of the physical behavior of glq(n)-covariant oscillators systems are discussed.
CHAPLINE–MANTON INTERACTION VERTICES AND HAMILTONIAN BRST COHOMOLOGY
Authors: BIZDADEA C. , SALIU L. , SALIU S. O.
Published: April 2003

Consistent interactions between Yang–Mills gauge fields and an Abelian two-form are investigated by using a Hamiltonian cohomological procedure. It is shown that the deformation of the BRST charge and the BRST-invariant Hamiltonian of the uncoupled model generates the Yang–Mills Chern–Simons interaction term. The resulting interactions deform both the gauge transformations and their algebra, but not the reducibility relations.
OUT-GOING MUON FLUX FROM NEUTRALINO ANNIHILATION IN THE SUN AND THE EARTH IN SUPERGRAVITY UNIFICATION
Authors: CORSETTI ACHILLE , NATH PRAN
Published: April 2003

Predictions for the out-going muon fluxes from the annihilation of neutralinos in the center of the sun and the earth in mSUGRA models are given. Effects of uncertainties of the input data on the local wimp density and on the rms wimp velocity are analyzed. It is shown that the out-going muon flux measurements from the sun and the earth are complementary, with the earth providing a larger flux for low values of fine tuning and the Sun providing a larger flux for high values of fine-tuning. It is further shown that a combination of the out-going muon flux measurements from both the earth and the sun can compete favorably with the direct detection measurements. The mSUGRA predictions are compared with the recent limits from BAIKAL NT-96, MACRO, and BAKSAN.
PERTURBATIVE QUANTUM GAUGE FIELDS ON THE NONCOMMUTATIVE TORUS
Authors: KRAJEWSKI THOMAS , WULKENHAAR RAIMAR
Published: April 2003

Using standard field theoretical techniques, we survey pure Yang–Mills theory on the noncommutative torus, including Feynman rules and BRS symmetry. Although in general free of any infrared singularity, the theory is ultraviolet divergent. Because of an invariant regularization scheme, this theory turns out to be renormalizable and the detailed computation of the one-loop counterterms is given, leading to an asymptotically free theory. Besides, it turns out that nonplanar diagrams are overall convergent when θ is irrational.
CLASSICAL LIMIT OF THE TRAJECTORY REPRESENTATION OF QUANTUM MECHANICS, LOSS OF INFORMATION AND RESIDUAL INDETERMINACY
Authors: FLOYD EDWARD R.
Published: April 2003

The trajectory representation in the classical limit (ℏ→0) manifests a residual indeterminacy. We show that the trajectory representation in the classical limit goes to neither classical mechanics (Planck's correspondence principle) nor statistical mechanics. This residual indeterminacy is contrasted to Heisenberg uncertainty. We discuss the relationship between residual indeterminacy and 't Hooft's information loss and equivalence classes.
ENERGY FUNCTIONS IN BOX BALL SYSTEMS
Authors: FUKUDA KAORI , YAMADA YASUHIKO , OKADO MASATO
Published: April 2003

The box ball system is studied in the crystal theory formulation. New conserved quantities and the phase shift of the soliton scattering are obtained by considering the energy function (or H function) in the combinatorial R matrix.
QUANTUM, GRAVITY AND GEOMETRY
Authors: SHOJAI ALI
Published: April 2003

Recently,1–3 it is shown that, the quantum effects of matter are well described by the conformal degree of freedom of the space–time metric. On the other hand, it is a well-known fact that according to Einstein's gravity theory, gravity and geometry are interconnected. In the new quantum gravity theory,1–3 matter quantum effects completely determine the conformal degree of freedom of the space–time metric, while the causal structure of the space–time is determined by the gravitational effects of the matter, as well as the quantum effects through back reaction effects. This idea, previously, is realized in the framework of scalar–tensor theories. In this work, it is shown that quantum gravity theory can also be realized as a purely metric theory. Such a theory is developed, its consequences and its properties are investigated. The theory is applied, then, to black holes and the radiation-dominated universe. It is shown that the initial singularity can be avoided.
DE BROGLIE–BOHM INTERPRETATION FOR WAVE FUNCTION OF REISSNER–NORDSTRÖM–DE SITTER BLACK HOLE
Authors: KENMOKU MASAKATSU , KUBOTANI HIROTO , TAKASUGI EIICHI , YAMAZAKI YUKI
Published: April 2003

We study the canonical quantum theory of the spherically symmetric geometry with the cosmological constant and the electromagnetic field. We obtain a solution of the Wheeler–DeWitt equation for the geometrical variables and investigate the wave function from a viewpoint of the de Broglie–Bohm interpretation of the ordinary quantum mechanics. The de Broglie–Bohm interpretation introduces deterministic rigid trajectories on the minisuperspace without any outside observers nor the collapse of the wave function. It is shown that the wave function does not only correspond to the classical Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter black hole in the semiclassical region, but it also represents quantum geometrical fluctuations near the black hole horizon and the cosmological one. The result suggests that the semiclassical gravity on which the Hawking radiation is based is broken near the horizons.
GAUGING OF GEOMETRIC ACTIONS AND INTEGRABLE HIERARCHIES OF THE KP TYPE
Authors: NISSIMOV E. , PACHEVA S.
Published: April 2003

This work consists of two interrelated parts. First, we derive massive gauge-invariant generalizations of geometric actions on coadjoint orbits of arbitrary (infinite-dimensional) groups G with central extensions, with gauge group H being certain (infinite-dimensional) subgroup of G. We show that there exist generalized "zero-curvature" representations of the pertinent equations of motion on the coadjoint orbit. Second, in the special case of G being the Kac–Moody group, the equations of motion of the underlying gauged WZNW geometric action are identified as additional-symmetry flows of generalized Drinfeld–Sokolov integrable hierarchies based on the loop algebra [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text] the latter hierarchies are equivalent to the class c KP R,M of constrained (reduced) KP hierarchies. We describe in some detail the loop algebras of additional (nonisospectral) symmetries of c KP R,M hierarchies. Apart from gauged WZNW models, certain higher-dimensional nonlinear systems such as Davey–Stewartson and N-wave resonant systems are also identified as additional symmetry flows of c KP R,M hierarchies. Also we present the explicit derivation of the general Darboux–Bäcklund solutions of c KP R,M hierarchies preserving their additional (nonisospectral) symmetries, which for R=1 contain among themselves solutions to the gauged SL (M+1)/ U (1)× SL (M) WZNW field equations.
CONSTRUCTION OF MONODROMY MATRIX IN THE F-BASIS AND SCALAR PRODUCTS IN SPIN CHAINS
Authors: OVCHINNIKOV A. A.
Published: April 2003

We present in a simple terms the theory of the factorizing operator introduced recently by Maillet and Sanches de Santos for the spin-1/2 chains. We obtain the explicit expressions for the matrix elements of the factorizing operator in terms of the elements of the monodromy matrix. We use this results to derive the expression for the general scalar product for the quantum spin chain. We comment on the previous determination of the scalar product of Bethe eigenstate with an arbitrary dual state. We also establish the direct correspondence between the calculations of scalar products in the F-basis and the usual basis.
THE HAMILTON – JACOBI TREATMENT OF SUPERSYMMETRIC QUANTUM MECHANICS
Authors: BALEANU DUMITRU , GÜLER YURDAHAN
Published: April 2003

We study the Hamilton–Jacobi quantization of supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The equations of motion of the Grassmann variables are obtained from the integrability conditions. The results are in agreement with those obtained by Dirac's procedure.
HOT OR DENSE MATTER
Authors: ARNOLD PETER
Published: April 2003

I review some of the properties of hot and/or dense relativistic matter.
DETECTION OF GRAVITATIONAL WAVES FROM INFLATION
Authors: KAMIONKOWSKI MARC , JAFFE ANDREW H.
Published: April 2003

Recent measurements of temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) indicate that the Universe is flat and that large-scale structure grew via gravitational infall from primordial adiabatic perturbations. Both od these observations seem to indicate that we are on the right track with inflation. But what is the new physics responsible for inflation? This question can be answered with observations of the polarization of the CMB. Inflation predicts robustly the existence of a stochastic background of cosmological gravitational waves with an amplitude proportional to the square of the energy scale of inflation. This gravitational-wave background induces a unique signature in the polarization of the CMB. If inflation took place at an energy scale much smaller than that of grand unification, then the signal will be too small to be detectable. However, if inflation had something to do with grand unification or Planck-scale physics, then the signal is conceivably detectable in the optimistic case by the Planck satellite, or if not, then by a dedicated post-Planck CMB polarization experiment. Realistic developments in dector technology as well as a proper scan strategy could produce such a post-Planck experiment that would improve on Planck's sensitivity to the gravitational-wave background by several orders of magnitude in a decade timescale.
MULTIPARTON COLLISIONS AND HADRON-NUCLEON CROSS SECTIONS
Authors: WALKER W. D.
Published: April 2003

We have ecamined the charged multiplicity distributions arising from p-p and [Formula: see text] at energies ranging from 30 GeV to 1800 GeV. We find that a portion of each distribution does indeed KNO scale. Those parts of the distributions that do not KNO scale are the result of multiparton collisions. Results from E735 at Fermilab seem to show evidence for both double and triple parton-parton collisions. These multiparton collisions seem to account for the increase in the non-single diffractive cross section in this energy domain.
A MEASUREMENT OF THE TOTAL PHOTON-PROTON CROSS SECTION AT HERA
Authors: CROSS RICHARD
Published: April 2003

The total photon-proton cross section has been measured in the process e+ p → e+ + γ* p → e+ + X with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Events were accepted with photon virtuality Q2 < 0.02 GeV 2, with average γ* p center-of-mass energy Wγ*p = 207 GeV . The data were recorded in a dedicated, systematics-controlled run with an integrated luminosity of 50 nb -1.
HARD DIFFRACTION, BFKL DYNAMICS, AND SUBJET MULTIPLICITY
Authors: HAUPTMAN JOHN
Published: April 2003

We discuss three recent tests of QCD at D0: (a) measurements of the rates and momentum transfers in 'rapidity gap' events for both di-jet and W events; (b) measurement of the intercept of the 'BFKL pomeron'; and, (c) quark and gluon subjet multiplicities.
STUDY OF DIRECT-PHOTON AND PION PRODUCTION
Authors: ZIELIŃSKI MAREK
Published: April 2003

We present comparisons of high-pT photon and pion production in hadronic interactions with expectations from next-to-leading order pertubative QCD (NLO pQCD). We also comment on phenomenological models of kT smearing (which approximate effects of additional soft-gluon emission) and on the status of resummation calculations.
INCLUSIVE JET CROSS SECTIONS AT DØ·
Authors: KRANE JOHN
Published: April 2003

The DØ Collaboration has measured the inclusive jet cross section in [Formula: see text] collisions in several pseudorapidity ranges and at two center-of-mass energies. This article and its associated talk present three measurements. First, I present the inclusive jet cross section [Formula: see text] in 5 pseudorapidity bins. Second, the central jet cross section at [Formula: see text] is combined with the cross section at 1800 GeV to form a ratio where many uncertainties cancel. Third, the cross section for two or more jets is compared to the cross section for three or more jets (at [Formula: see text]).
Z-QUARK COUPLING MEASUREMENTS AT SLD
Authors:   Representing the SLD Collaboration, WRIGHT THOMAS
Published: April 2003

The SLD experiment at SLAC has performed several precise tests of the electroweak Standard Model. This paper summarizes the measurements of Z couplings to quarks. Most of these measurements are preliminary and many incorporate the full SLD dataset of 550,000 polarized Z decays.
DIFFERENTIAL CROSS SECTION FOR W BOSON PRODUCTION AS A FUNCTION OF TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM
Authors:   for the DØ Collaboration, MOSTAFÁ MIGUEL
Published: April 2003

We report a measurement of the differential cross section for W boson production as a function of transverse momentum in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text]. The data were collected by the DØ experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider during 1994–1995 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 85 pb -1. The results are in good agreement with quantum chromodynamics over the entire range of transverse momentum.
MEASUREMENT OF THE W PAIR PRODUCTION CROSS SECTION AND W BRANCHING RATIOS WITH THE DELPHI DETECTOR
Authors: COSSUTTI FABIO
Published: April 2003

Data collected with the DELPHI detector at centre-of-mass energies up to the highest values explored by the LEP collider of about 206 GeV have been used to extract preliminary values of the cross-section for the process e+e- → W+W-. The branching ratios of the W decay were also measured; from them the value of |Vcs| was extracted. The results are compared with the most recent calculations in the framework of the Standard Model.
CHARMONIUM POLARIZATION AT THE TEVATRON
Authors: LEE JUNGIL
Published: April 2003

The current issues on the polarization of prompt J/ψ at the Tevatron is discussed. The prediction based on the nonrelativistic QCD factorization approach agrees with measurements from the CDF collaboration at intermediate values of pT, but disagrees at the large values of pT measured.
PRODUCTION OF THE ψ(2S) VIA INITIAL STATE RADIATION AT THE ϒ(4S)
Authors:   Representing the BABAR Collaboration., Lou XinChou
Published: April 2003

This presentation describes a preliminary analysis of energetic ψ(2S) events produced via the initial state radiation interaction at the ϒ(4S) based on 8.9 fb-1 of data collected with the BABAR detector at PEPII.
SEARCH FOR LIGHT-TO-HEAVY QUARK FLAVOR CHANGING NEUTRAL CURRENTS IN νμN AND ${\bar \nu}_\mu N$ SCATTERING
Authors: Alton A. , Adams T. , Avvakumov S. , de Barbaro L. , de Barbaro P. , Bernstein R. H. , Bodek A. , Bolton T. , Brau J. , Buchholz D. , Budd H. , Bugel L. , Conrad J. , Drucher R. B. , Fleming B. T. , Formaggio J. , Frey R. , Goldman J. , Goncharov M. , Harris D. A. , Johnson R. A. , Kim J. H. , Koutsoliotas S. , Lamm M. J. , Marsh W. , Mason D. , McDonald J. , McFarland K. S. , McNulty C. , Naples D. , Nienaber P. , Romosan A. , Sakumoto W. K. , Schellman H. , Shaevitz M. H. , Spentzouris P. , Stern E. G. , Suwonjandee N. , Vakili M. , Vaitaitis A. , Yang U. K. , Yu J. , Zeller G. P. , Zimmerman E. D.
Published: April 2003

We report on a search for flavor-changing neutral-currents (FCNC) in the production of heavy quarks in deep inelastic νμN and [Formula: see text] scattering by the NuTeV experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. This measurement, made possible by the high-purity NuTeV sign-selected beams, probes for FCNC in heavy flavors at the quark level and is uniquely sensitive to neutrino couplings of potential FCNC mediators. All searches are consistent with zero, and limits on the effective mixing strengths |Vus|2, |Vdb|2, and |Vsb|2 are obtained.
OBSERVATION OF THE $\Omega^0_c$ CHARMED BARYON AT CLEO
Authors:   CLEO Collaboration, ATHAR BASIT S.
Published: April 2003

The CLEO experiment at the CESR collider has used 13.7 fb-1 of data to search for the production of the [Formula: see text] (css-ground state) in e+e- collisions at [Formula: see text]. The modes used to study the [Formula: see text] are Ω-π+, Ω-π+π0, Ξ-K-π+π+, Ξ0 K-π+, and Ω-π+π+π-. We observe a signal of 40.4±9.0(stat) events at a mass of 2694.6±2.6( stat })±1.9( syst ) MeV /c2, for all modes combined.
MEASUREMENT OF CHARMED MESON LIFETIMES WITH BELLE
Authors: TANAKA JUN-ICHI
Published: April 2003

The lifetimes of charmed mesons have been measured using 2.75 fb-1 of data collected with the Belle detector at KEKB. Each candidate is fully reconstructed to identify the flavor of the charmed meson. The lifetimes are measured to be τ(D0)=(414.8±3.8 ±3.4) fs, [Formula: see text] fs and [Formula: see text] fs, where the first error is statistical and the second error is systematic. The ratios of the lifetimes of D+ and [Formula: see text] with respect to D0 are measured to be τ(D+)/τ(D0)=2.51±0.06 plusmn;0.04 and [Formula: see text]. The mixing parameter yCP is also measured through the lifetime difference of D0 mesons decaying into CP-mixed states and CP eigenstates. We find [Formula: see text], corresponding to a 95% confidence interval -7.0% < yCP < 8.7%. All results are preliminary.
FOUR-BODY DECAY OF THE D+ AND $D^+_s$ CHARMED MESONS
Authors:   On the behalf of E831/FOCUS Collaboration., KO BYEONG ROK
Published: April 2003

Fermilab fixed-target experiment FOCUS collected over one million reconstructed charm events during the 1996-1997. We present relative branching ratio measurements of D+ and [Formula: see text] decays with a [Formula: see text] in four-body final states. Two of these measurements are improvements on previous measurements and three are measurements of previously unseen decay modes.
A STUDY OF THE LORENTZ STRUCTURE IN τ DECAYS IN DELPHI
Authors:   On behalf of the DELPHI collaboration., Gómez-Ceballos G.
Published: April 2003

A measurement of the Michel parameters, η, ρ, ξ, ξδ, and the average ντ helicity, hντ, in τ lepton decays is described together with the first measurement of the tensor coupling in the weak charged current. The results are consistent with the V - A structure of the weak charged current in decays of the τ lepton.
SEARCH FOR τ-→μ-γ
Authors:   On behalf of the CLEO Collaboration., KASS RICHARD
Published: April 2003

The decay τ-→μ-γ has been searched for using the CLEO detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR). Using 13.8fb-1 of data collected with the CLEO II and CLEO II.V detector an upper limit of B(τ-→μ-γ)≤1.1×10-6 @ 90% CL is obtained.
Branching Ratio and CP Asymmetry in b→sγ and the Study of Exclusive Radiative B Meson Decays at CLEO
Authors:   Representing the CLEO Collaboration., Thayer Jana B.
Published: April 2003

We have investigated radiative B meson decays with the CLEO detector. An updated result on the branching fraction ℬ(b→sγ)=(3.15±0.35±0.32 ±0.26)×10-4 is reported. We report on a search for CP asymmetry in b→sγ decays, determining that -0.27<ACP<+0.010 at 90% CL. The measurement of the branching fraction for the exclusive mode B→K*(892)γ has been updated with a value of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and a first measurement of [Formula: see text] is reported with a value of [Formula: see text]. A search for CP asymmetry in B→K*(892)γ decays yields a measurement of ACP=+0.08±0.13±0.03. We find no significant evidence for the decays B→(ρ/ω)γ and we limit ℬ(B →(ρ/ω)γ)/ℬ(B→K*(892)γ)<0.32 at 90% CL. In addition we find no evidence for the non-penguin decays B0→ϕγ and B0→D*0γ.
Measurement of |Vcb| with $\bar{B}^0 \rightarrow D^{*+} \ell^- \bar{\nu}$ at CLEO
Authors:   For the CLEO Collaboration., Cronin-Hennessy Daniel
Published: April 2003

We determine the CKM matrix element, |Vcb|, by measuring the differential decay rate of B→D*+ℓν as a function of w=vB · vD*. We extrapolate the decay rate to the kinematic point, w=1, where the form factor, ℱ(w), is accurately predicted by theory. We find ℱ(1)|Vcb|=0.0424±0.0018( stat. )±0.0019( syst. ). Integration of the differential decay rate, dΓ/dw, yields the B→D*+ℓν branching fraction, ℬ(B→D*+ℓν)=(5.66±0.29±0.33)%. The data are derived from 3.3 million [Formula: see text] events collected by the CLEO detector at CESR.
LIMITS FROM LEP 2 ON POSSIBLE ENHANCEMENT OF Re ∊′/∊ DUE TO ANOMALOUS GAUGE BOSON COUPLINGS
Authors: TERRANOVA FRANCESCO
Published: April 2003

It has been shown in the past that the real part of the ∊′/∊ ratio is particularly sensitive to anomalous gauge couplings that modify the Standard Model Lagrangian. Due to the loose bounds on these couplings coming from low energy processes and to the poor sensitivity of hadron colliders to couplings such as [Formula: see text], it has been argued that anomalous couplings could still produce an enhancement of Re ∊′/∊ bringing this observable closer to the experimental value obtained by KTeV, NA31 and NA48. The impact of the new measurements done at LEP2 in these years is discussed and new severe constraints to this hypothesis are determined.
MEASUREMENT OF 8B SOLAR NEUTRINO FLUX AND ENERGY SPECTRUM AT SUPER-KAMIOKANDE
Authors: GUILLIAN GENE
Published: April 2003

The latest Super-Kamiokande measurement of 8 B solar neutrino flux and recoil electron energy spectrum are presented. The highlights of our results are the day vs night flux asymmetry, which differs from zero at the 1.3 σ level, and the energy spectrum measurement, which shows no significant distortion compared to the BP98 standard solar model.
The KamLAND Experiment
Authors:   Representing the KamLAND Collaboration., Busenitz J.
Published: April 2003

The motivation and design of the KamLAND neutrino experiment is described.
THE SEARCH FOR NUCLEON DECAY AT SUPER-KAMIOKANDE
Authors:   For the Super-Kamiokande Collaboration., GANEZER KENNETH S.
Published: April 2003

We have analyzed 1144 days of Super-Kamiokande data for 13 of the more than 40 possible nucleon decay modes. We have studied p→e+π0, and twelve other two particle B-L conserving decay modes including those with kaons that are preferred in supersymmetric theories. Most modes are currently free of candidate events. In all cases the number of candidates is consistent with atmospheric neutrino induced backgrounds. We have calculated 90% confidence level single sided lower limits on the lifetime of the neutron and proton (divided by the unknown branching ratio) for the studied modes. All of our lower limits are higher than previous best limits by a factor of 2-10. Our limit for p→e+π0 is now 4.4×1033 years.
SEARCH FOR SECOND AND THIRD GENERATION LEPTOQUARKS AT CDF
Authors:   Representing the CDF Collaboration., HAAS RICHARD
Published: April 2003

We report the results of a search for second and third generation leptoquarks using 88 pb -1 of data recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Color triplet technipions, which play the role of scalar leptoquarks, are investigated due to their potential production in decays of strongly coupled color octet technirhos. Events with a signature of two heavy flavor jets and missing energy may indicate the decay of a second (third) generation leptoquark to a charm (bottom) quark and a neutrino. As the data is found to be consistent with Standard Model expectations, mass limits are determined.
INTEGRABLE HIERARCHIES AND CONTACT TERMS IN u-PLANE INTEGRALS OF TOPOLOGICALLY TWISTED SUPERSYMMETRIC GAUGE THEORIES
Authors: TAKASAKI KANEHISA
Published: April 2003

The u-plane integrals of topologically twisted N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories generally contain contact terms of nonlocal topological observables. This paper proposes an interpretation of these contact terms from the point of view of integrable hierarchies and their Whitham deformations. This is inspired by Mariño and Moore's remark that the blowup formula of the u-plane integral contains a piece that can be interpreted as a single-time tau function of an integrable hierarchy. This single-time tau function can be extended to a multitime version without spoiling the modular invariance of the blowup formula. The multitime tau function is comprised of a Gaussian factor eQ(t1,t2,…)and a theta function. The time variables tnplay the role of physical coupling constants of two-observables In(B) carried by the exceptional divisor B. The coefficients qmnof the Gaussian part are identified to be the contact terms of these two-observables. This identification is further examined in the language of Whitham equations. All relevant quantities are written in the form of derivatives of the prepotential.
DUALITIES, COMPOSITENESS AND SPACE–TIME STRUCTURE OF 4D EXTREME STRINGY BLACK HOLES
Authors: CADONI MARIANO
Published: April 2003

We study the BPS black hole solutions of the (truncated) action for heterotic string theory compactified on a six-torus. The O (3,Z) duality symmetry of the theory, together with the bound state interpretation of extreme black holes, is used to generate the whole spectrum of the solutions. The corresponding space–time structures, written in terms of the string metric, are analyzed in detail. In particular, we show that only the elementary solutions present naked singularities. The bound states have either null singularities (electric solutions) or are regular (magnetic or dyonic solutions) with near-horizon geometries given by the product of two 2d spaces of constant curvature. The behavior of some of these solutions as supersymmetric attractors is discussed. We also show that our approach is very useful to understand some of the puzzling features of charged black hole solutions in string theory.
EFFECTIVE ACTION FOR CONFORMAL SCALARS AND ANTIEVAPORATION OF BLACK HOLES
Authors: NOJIRI SHIN'ICHI , ODINTSOV SERGEI D.
Published: April 2003

We study the one-loop effective action for N 4D conformally invariant scalars on the spherically symmetric background. The main part of the effective action is given by integration of the 4D conformal anomaly. This effective action (in large N approximation and partial curvature expansion) is applied to investigate the quantum evolution of Schwarzschild–de Sitter (SdS) black holes of maximal mass. We find that the effect (recently discovered by Bousso and Hawking for N minimal scalars and another approximate effective action) of antievaporation of nearly maximal SdS (Nariai) black holes also occurs in the model under consideration. Careful treatment of quantum corrections and perturbations modes of Nariai black holes is given, being quite complicated. It is shown that exists also perturbation where the black hole radius shrinks, i.e. the black hole evaporates. We point out that our result holds for a wide class of models, including conformal scalars, spinors and vectors. Hence, antievaporation of SdS black holes is a rather general effect which should be taken into account in quantum gravity considerations.
PROJECTIVE SUPERSPACE AS A DOUBLE-PUNCTURED HARMONIC SUPERSPACE
Authors: KUZENKO SERGEI M.
Published: April 2003

We analyze the relationship between the N=2 harmonic and projective superspaces, which are the only approaches developed to describe general N=2 super-Yang–Mills theories in terms of off-shell supermultiplets with conventional supersymmetry. The structure of low energy hypermultiplet effective action is briefly discussed.
INTEGRABILITY OF THE RICCATI EQUATION FROM A GROUP-THEORETICAL VIEWPOINT
Authors: CARIÑENA JOSÉ F. , RAMOS ARTURO
Published: April 2003

In this paper we develop some group-theoretical methods which are shown to be very useful for a better understanding of the properties of the Riccati equation, and we discuss some of its integrability conditions from a group-theoretical perspective. The nonlinear superposition principle also arises in a simple way.
WORLDLINE SUPERFIELD ACTIONS FOR N=2 SUPERPARTICLES
Authors: BANDOS IGOR , SOROKIN DMITRI , MAZNYTSIA ALEXEY
Published: April 2003

We propose doubly supersymmetric actions in terms of n=2(D-2) worldline superfields for N=2 superparticles in D=3,4 and type IIA D=6 superspaces. These actions are obtained by dimensional reduction of superfield actions for N=1 superparticles in D=4,6,10, respectively. We show that in all these models geometrodynamical constraints on target-superspace coordinates do not put the theory on the mass shell, and so the actions constructed consistently describe the dynamics of the corresponding N=2 superparticles.

We also find that, in contrast to the IIA D=6 superparticle, a chiral IIB D=6 superparticle, which is not obtainable by dimensional reduction from N=1, D=10, is described by superfield constraints which produce dynamical equations. This implies that for the IIB D=6 superparticle the doubly supersymmetric action does not exist in the conventional form.
GEOMETRODYNAMIC SOLITONS
Authors: RAGIADAKOS C. N.
Published: April 2003

A formally renormalizable extended conformal gauge field action is proposed to take the place of the Rainich conditions in geometrodynamics. The moduli parameters of the Lorentzian complex structure of space–time are the dynamical variables of the present action. It admits two kinds of solitons: the pure geometric ("leptonic") solitons with vanishing gauge field and the "hadronic" ones with gauge field contributions. The gauge field modes are perturbatively confined, because the present gauge field action asymptotically generates a linear potential. The pure geometric solitons are topologically separated into three classes. One static massive soliton is found in the first class and one massless stationary soliton in the degenerate sector of every class. The corresponding (complex) conjugate Hermitian structures are the antisolitons. In the static soliton sector the electromagnetic field is explicitly defined via the Lorentzian complex structure tensor. The mass and the charge variables of the static soliton take unique values. This soliton has spin and a fermionic gyromagnetic ratio. The model has no other simple pure geometric static soliton. The energy is properly defined as a function of the moduli parameters of the complex structure. This permits the definition of the corresponding excitation modes. One must be the photonic vector mode, which appears in the static soliton sector, and the other must be massive. There can be one scalar and three vector modes. Based on this soliton (particle) spectrum, an effective Lagrangian is derived with a spontaneously broken SU (2)× U (1) symmetry, implied by the unitarity condition. A general description of asymptotically flat Lorentzian complex structures, using ordinary (not local) twistors, is also found.
NON-ABELIAN GAUGE THEORIES AS A CONSEQUENCE OF PERTURBATIVE QUANTUM GAUGE INVARIANCE
Authors: ASTE A. , SCHARF G.
Published: April 2003

We show for the case of interacting massless vector bosons, how the structure of Yang–Mills theories emerges automatically from a more fundamental concept, namely perturbative quantum gauge invariance. It turns out that the coupling in a non-Abelian gauge theory is necessarily of Yang–Mills type plus divergence- and coboundary-couplings. The extension of the method to massive gauge theories is briefly discussed.