bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Das Ausmaß von Kindermarketing ungesunder Lebensmittel in TV
und Internet in Deutschland
Authors: Effertz Tobias
Published: June 2022

Einleitung Kindermarketing ist ein kausaler Faktor für kindliche
Adipositas und ungesunde Ernährungsweisen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt das
aktuelle Ausmaß an Kindermarketing für ungesunde Lebensmittel in
TV und Internet in Deutschland auf und gibt Empfehlungen für ein
wirksames Kindermarketingverbot in den Massenmedien.

Methodik Mithilfe verschiedener Datensätze und Statistiken zum
Werbegeschehen in Fernsehen und Internet wurde die Anzahl an Werbespots im TV
bzw. Ad-Impressions im Internet für ungesunde Lebensmittel aggregiert
und auf die von Kindern tägliche gesehene Anzahl umgerechnet.

Ergebnisse Kinder sehen täglich 10,34 Werbespots für
ungesunde Lebensmittel im Fernsehen und weitere 5 Ad-Impressions im Internet. In
beiden Medien wurden ungesunde Lebensmittel überzufällig
häufig mit Methoden des Kindermarketings beworben.

Schlussfolgerung Es existiert ein hohes Ausmaß an Kinder
gerichteter Werbung für ungesunde Lebensmittel in Fernsehen und
Internet, welches im Zeitablauf eher zugenommen hat. Vor dem Hintergrund der
Befundlage zur Kausalität des Kindermarketings ungesunder Lebensmittel
auf Adipositas sollte ein gesetzliches Verbot implementiert werden.
Mehr Kreativität in der Therapie
Authors: Lotze Martin , Mehrholz Jan , Starrost Klaus
Published: June 2022

Behandlungsformen wie Musik-, Kunst- und Tanztherapie oder körperbetonte
Ansätze, die Musik, Balance und Körperkontrolle integrieren, spielen
oft eine untergeordnete Rolle in der Akut- bis Subakutphase nach einer
Schädigung des zentralen Nervensystems. In späteren Stadien der
Neurorehabilitation werden diese häufiger – etwa zur psychologischen
Stabilisierung und Krankheitsbewältigung – eingesetzt. Damit neue
Ansätze dieser Behandlungsformen bekannter werden und diese Therapien
öfter – auch bereits zu früheren Zeitpunkten in der
Rehabilitationskette – im individuellen Behandlungsplan eingebunden werden,
haben wir die vorliegende neuroreha-Ausgabe ganz diesem Thema gewidmet.
Natürlich kann ein Heft wieder nur einen kleinen Ausschnitt des Spektrums
bieten.
Mentoria na residência médica em Ortopedia: Avaliação de um programa por mentores e mentorados
Authors: Mendes Júnior Adriano Fernando , Pereira Gabriel Meireles Azevedo , Bussius Daniel Teixeira , Ortiz Rafael Trevisan , Ejnisman Leandro
Published: June 2022

Objetivo Demonstrar o grau de recomendação de mentores e mentorados quanto à participação em um programa de mentoria, avaliar o grau de satisfação dos participantes, e descrever as principais características das reuniões em dupla.

Materiais e Métodos Estudo primário, retrospectivo, analítico, com análise das respostas dos questionários de avaliação anual do programa de mentoria em dupla da residência de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da instituição de dezembro de 2017 a fevereiro de 2021.

Resultados Foram obtidas 52 respostas de 26 preceptores mentores e 26 residentes mentorados. A média de idade dos mentorados foi de 27 anos (±1,5 ano), ao passo que a média de idade dos mentores foi de 45 anos (±8,2 anos). O grau de recomendação do programa pelos participantes foi de 96%, e 89% dos mentorados consideraram que os mentores contribuíram para a tomada de decisões pessoais e profissionais.

Conclusão O programa de mentoria se mostrou uma estratégia com alto grau de recomendação na residência médica em Ortopedia. Os dados mostram que os mentores contribuíram para a tomada de decisões pessoais e profissionais dos mentorados.
Risk Factors for Malignancy in Patients with Multinodular Goiter
Authors: Fernandes Guilherme Arruda , Matos Leandro Luongo de , Dedivitis Rogério Aparecido
Published: June 2022

Introduction The identification of thyroid cancer may be conducted through clinical detection, imaging method, and histopathological examination. Both solitary nodules and multinodular goiter are associated with malignancy.

Objective To assess the risk factors for malignancy among patients with multinodular goiter submitted to total thyroidectomy.

Methods A series of 712 consecutive patients, submitted to total thyroidectomy between 2005 and 2016 with multinodular goiter regarding clinical, ultrasound, and pathological variables, was retrospectively evaluated.

Results There were 408 cases of papillary carcinoma (57.3%), with the remaining being benign. Gender had no statistical significance (p = 0.169) for malignancy, unlike the Bethesda index, higher age group (p = 0.005), shorter clinical history time (p = 0.036), smaller number of nodules (p < 0.0001), and smaller nodule size (p < 0.0001), which were related to malignancy.

Conclusion The Bethesda index, older age group, shorter clinical history, smaller number of nodules, and smaller size of nodule were related to the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma.
Genomic Analysis of Thrombophilia Variants in the General Population for the Creation of an Effective Preoperative Screening Tool
Authors: Azar Fadi M. , Menezes John M.
Published: June 2022

Background The loss of a free flap in reconstructive microsurgery is a devastating complication in both the intraoperative and postoperative setting. Previous research has identified a variety of genetic polymorphisms that induce a hypercoagulable state and predispose patients to clot formation and subsequent free flap loss. We aim to review the risks of performing microsurgery on patients who are genetically predisposed to hypercoagulability, as well as identify options, for preoperative screening of inherited thrombophilia.

Methods A thorough literature review was conducted with an online database. A total of 30 studies were reviewed to identify genetic polymorphisms that cause inherited thrombophilia. Through manual review of the literature, a table was created that included thrombotic risk factors and their associated genetic polymorphisms. If the information was available, prevalence for each thrombotic risk was also reported.

Results Overall, 18 thrombotic risk factors that contribute to hereditary thrombophilia were identified and linked with specific genes and/or genetic polymorphisms. In studies that did not look at particular ethnic groups, 13 unique thrombotic risk factors were identified. In studies that examined specific ethnic groups exclusively, 12 thrombotic risk factors were identified and related to their respective gene or group of genes. Five of the 18 thrombotic risk factors identified were associated with increased risks of both venous and arterial thrombosis. The remainder of the thrombotic risk factors was associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis exclusively.

Conclusion The use of genetic screening tests for hereditary thrombophilia in the preoperative setting can serve as an effective preventative measure against postoperative thrombosis. Further exploration of thrombotic risk factors and their related genetic polymorphisms are important steps in reducing postoperative free flap loss.
Role of Probiotics in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Iftikhar Haissan , Awan Muhammad Ozair , Awan Muhammad Sohail , Mustafa Khawaja , Das Jai K. , Ahmed Shahzada Khuram
Published: June 2022

Introduction Allergic rhinitis (AR) is estimated to affect up to 30% of the world population. With the rise in cases, newer treatment modalities have been explored. Probiotics have shown to reduce symptoms of AR and improve quality of life. A few systematic reviews have been published aiming to assess the role of probiotics in AR.

Objectives To consolidate the recent evidence with an overview of systematic reviews by extracting data regarding subjective outcomes (from quality of life questionnaires, the Total Nasal Symptom Score, the Total Ocular Symptom Score, the Daily Total Symptom Score, the incidence of AR, and the Rhinitis Total Symptom Score) and objective outcomes (levels of antigen-specific immunoglobulin E [IgE], total IgE, interleukin 10 [IL-10], interferon gamma [IFNG], eosinophil, and the T helper 1/T helper 2 [Th1/Th2] ratio).

Data Synthesis We conducted a literature search on the PubMed, EBSCO CINAHL, EBSCO Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, and Cochrane Library up to April 14, 2020. The qualitative assessment was performed using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) tool. A total of 419 titles were screened, and 3 systematic reviews met our eligibility criteria. Probiotics in the treatment of AR have been shown to improve quality of life, the total nasal and ocular symptom scores, the daily total symptom scores and Th1/Th2 ratio. No difference was ascertained for rhinitis total symptom score, and the rates of antigen-specific IgE, total IgE, IL-10, INFG and eosinophil.

Conclusion The present review showed that there is considerable evidence that probiotics are useful in the treatment of AR. Further randomized trials targeting the limitations of the currently-available evidence can help ascertain the usefulness of probiotics in cases of AR.
Performance of a one-parameter correlation factor for transcorrelation: Study on a series of second row atomic and molecular systems
Authors: Dobrautz Werner , Cohen Aron J. , Alavi Ali , Giner Emmanuel
Published: June 2022

In this work, we investigate the performance of a recently proposed transcorrelated (TC) approach based on a single-parameter correlation factor [E. Giner, J. Chem. Phys. 154, 084119 (2021)] for systems involving more than two electrons. The benefit of such an approach relies on its simplicity as efficient numerical–analytical schemes can be set up to compute the two- and three-body integrals occurring in the effective TC Hamiltonian. To obtain accurate ground state energies within a given basis set, the present TC scheme is coupled to the recently proposed TC–full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo method [Cohen et al., J. Chem. Phys. 151, 061101 (2019)]. We report ground state total energies on the Li–Ne series, together with their first cations, computed with increasingly large basis sets and compare to more elaborate correlation factors involving electron–electron–nucleus coordinates. Numerical results on the Li–Ne ionization potentials show that the use of the single-parameter correlation factor brings on average only a slightly lower accuracy (1.2 mH) in a triple-zeta quality basis set with respect to a more sophisticated correlation factor. However, already using a quadruple-zeta quality basis set yields results within chemical accuracy to complete basis set limit results when using this novel single-parameter correlation factor. Calculations on the H2O, CH2, and FH molecules show that a similar precision can be obtained within a triple-zeta quality basis set for the atomization energies of molecular systems.
Real-time non-adiabatic dynamics in the one-dimensional Holstein model: Trajectory-based vs exact methods
Authors: ten Brink M. , Gräber S. , Hopjan M. , Jansen D. , Stolpp J. , Heidrich-Meisner F. , Blöchl P. E.
Published: June 2022

We benchmark a set of quantum-chemistry methods, including multitrajectory Ehrenfest, fewest-switches surface-hopping, and multiconfigurational-Ehrenfest dynamics, against exact quantum-many-body techniques by studying real-time dynamics in the Holstein model. This is a paradigmatic model in condensed matter theory incorporating a local coupling of electrons to Einstein phonons. For the two-site and three-site Holstein model, we discuss the exact and quantum-chemistry methods in terms of the Born–Huang formalism, covering different initial states, which either start on a single Born–Oppenheimer surface, or with the electron localized to a single site. For extended systems with up to 51 sites, we address both the physics of single Holstein polarons and the dynamics of charge-density waves at finite electron densities. For these extended systems, we compare the quantum-chemistry methods to exact dynamics obtained from time-dependent density matrix renormalization group calculations with local basis optimization (DMRG-LBO). We observe that the multitrajectory Ehrenfest method, in general, only captures the ultrashort time dynamics accurately. In contrast, the surface-hopping method with suitable corrections provides a much better description of the long-time behavior but struggles with the short-time description of coherences between different Born–Oppenheimer states. We show that the multiconfigurational Ehrenfest method yields a significant improvement over the multitrajectory Ehrenfest method and can be converged to the exact results in small systems with moderate computational efforts. We further observe that for extended systems, this convergence is slower with respect to the number of configurations. Our benchmark study demonstrates that DMRG-LBO is a useful tool for assessing the quality of the quantum-chemistry methods.
Interplay of noise induced stability and stochastic resetting
Authors: Capała Karol , Dybiec Bartłomiej , Gudowska-Nowak Ewa
Published: June 2022

Stochastic resetting and noise-enhanced stability are two phenomena that can affect the lifetime and relaxation of nonequilibrium states. They can be considered measures of controlling the efficiency of the completion process when a stochastic system has to reach the desired state. Here, we study the interaction of random (Poissonian) resetting and stochastic dynamics in unstable potentials. Unlike noise-induced stability that increases the relaxation time, the stochastic resetting may eliminate winding trajectories contributing to the lifetime and accelerate the escape kinetics from unstable states. In this paper, we present a framework to analyze compromises between the two contrasting phenomena in noise-driven kinetics subject to random restarts.
Role of torsional potential in chain conformation, thermodynamics, and glass formation of simulated polybutadiene melts
Authors: Demydiuk F. , Solar M. , Meyer H. , Benzerara O. , Paul W. , Baschnagel J.
Published: June 2022

For polymer chains, the torsional potential is an important intramolecular energy influencing chain flexibility and segmental dynamics. Through molecular dynamics simulations of an atomistic model for melts of cis–trans-1,4-polybutadiene (PBD), we explore the effect of the torsions on conformational properties (bond vector correlations and mean-square internal distances), fundamental thermodynamic quantities (density, compressibility, internal energy, and specific heat), and glass transition temperature Tg. This is achieved by systematically reducing the strength of the torsional potential, starting from the chemically realistic chain (CRC) model with the full potential toward the freely rotating chain (FRC) model without the torsional potential. For the equilibrium liquid, we find that the effect of the torsions on polymer conformations is very weak. Still weaker is the influence on the monomer density ρ and isothermal compressibility κT of the polymer liquid, both of which can be considered as independent of the torsional potential. We show that a van der Waals-like model proposed by Long and Lequeux [Eur. Phys. J. E 4, 371 (2001)] allows us to describe very well the temperature (T) dependence of ρ and κT. We also find that our data obey the linear relation between 1/kBTρκT and 1/T (with the Boltzmann constant kB) that has recently been predicted and verified on the experiment by Mirigian and Schweizer [J. Chem. Phys. 140, 194507 (2014)]. For the equilibrium liquid, simulations result in a specific heat, at constant pressure and at constant volume, which increases on cooling. This T dependence is opposite to the one found experimentally for many polymer liquids, including PBD. We suggest that this difference between simulation and experiment may be attributed to quantum effects due to hydrogen atoms and backbone vibrations, which, by construction, are not included in the classical united-atom model employed here. Finally, we also determine Tg from the density–temperature curve monitored in a finite-rate cooling process. While the influence of the torsional potential on ρ(T) is vanishingly small in the equilibrium liquid, the effect of the torsions on Tg is large. We find that Tg decreases by about 150 K when going from the CRC to the FRC model.
Janus two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xia Yong , Li Xudong , Li Luying , Fu Xiao , Cheng Jiaji , Pan Ruikun
Published: June 2022

Structural symmetry plays a crucial role in the electronic band structure and properties of two-dimensional materials. In contrast to graphene, monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit intrinsic in-plane asymmetry with suitable direct bandgaps and distinctive optical properties. Efforts have been devoted to breaking their out-of-plane mirror symmetry by applying external electric fields, vertical stacking, or functionalization. The successful fabrication of Janus transition metal dichalcogenides offers a synthetic strategy to breaking the vertical mirror symmetry, leading to a variety of novel properties, such as vertical piezoelectricity, Rashba spin splitting, and excellent exciton properties. Here, we discuss the universal fabrication approaches and unique properties of Janus transition metal dichalcogenides and further present a brief perspective on their potential applications and challenges.
Active flow control of a wing section in stall flutter by dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators
Authors: Hajipour M. , Ebrahimi A. , Amandolese X.
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the potential of using an active flow control technique to modify stall flutter oscillations of a NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) 0015 wing section. Wind tunnel experiments have been performed with a test-rig that provides the elastic degree of freedom in pitch. Measurements of the clean airfoil are taken at preset angles of θ0=6°−12°, and for Reynolds numbers of Rec=6.2×104−1.25×105, which reveal the dependency of the stall flutter oscillations to Rec and θ0. Then, flow control experiments are carried out at θ0=10° and Rec=1.04×105. Two dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators have been employed simultaneously to exert dual-point excitation to the baseline flow. It is shown that during the upstroke half-cycle, plasma actuation postpones the dynamic stall of the airfoil and increases the maximum pitch angle of the stall flutter cycle. On the downstroke, dual-point excitation effectively improves the rate of pitching moment recovery and leads to flow reattachment at a larger pitch angle. Normalized excitation frequencies Fex=fex/fw (where fw is the wake mode frequency of the stalled airfoil) ranging from 0.1 up to 3 have been examined. Among the controlled cases, excitation with Fex=0.6 and Fex=2.2 provides the largest and smallest pitch amplitude, respectively, and the case of Fex=3 demonstrates the most impact on flow reattachment. Finally, it has been concluded that the employed control strategy is effectively capable of modifying the dynamic stall process and associated pitching moment. However, a more sophisticated control strategy would be required to significantly mitigate the stall flutter oscillations.
Dual-frequency vortex-induced vibrations of long flexible stepped cylinders
Authors: Li Ang , Mentzelopoulos Andreas , Triantafyllou Michael S. , Fan Dixia
Published: June 2022

Flexible structures within a non-uniform inflow may undergo complex vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) containing multiple frequencies and vibration modes. Therefore, the critical question arises on whether and how a flexible cylinder's structural response and fluid forces undergoing multi-frequency vibrations resemble or differ from mono-frequency vibrations. Therefore, we experimentally studied the problem of dual-frequency VIV of a stepped flexible cylinder, viz., a large-aspect ratio flexible cylinder consisting of two segments with different diameters and rigid cylinder forced vibration experiments. The results show that the maximum in-line (IL) and cross-flow (CF) displacements and the frequency ratio of the stepped cylinder separated by individual frequency resemble those of a uniform cylinder vibrating in the uniform flow at a single frequency. In addition, it is found that forced vibration results from rigid cylinders undergoing multi-frequency IL and CF motion can improve the prediction of the multi-frequency flexible cylinder VIV, provided the amplitudes and phases, as well as the true reduced velocity Vr for each of the dual frequencies match, especially when Vr∈[4,8].
Lagrangian dynamics of contaminant particles released from a point source in New York City
Authors: Oaks Wayne R. , Kang Seokkoo , Yang Xiaolei , Khosronejad Ali
Published: June 2022

In this study, we investigated the transport of contaminants in the southern tip of Manhattan, New York City, under prevailing wind conditions. We considered a hypothetical contaminant particle release on the East side of the New York Stock Exchange at 50 m above the ground level. The transport of individual particles due to the wind flow in the city was simulated by coupling large-eddy simulations (Eulerian) with a Lagrangian model. The simulation results of our coupled Eulerian and Lagrangian approach showed that immediately after the contaminant particles are released, they propagate downwind and expand in the spanwise direction by ∼0.5 km. Specifically, approximately 15 min after the release, the contaminant particles reach the end of the 2.5-km-long study area with a mean velocity of 1.8 m/s, which is approximately 50% of the dominant wind velocity. With the cessation of the particle release, the contaminant particles start to recede from the urban area, mainly owing to their outflux from the study area and the settling of some particles on solid surfaces in the metropolitan area. More specifically, the study area becomes clear of particles in approximately 48.5 min. It was observed that some particles propagate with a mean velocity of 0.6 m/s, i.e., ∼17% of the dominant wind velocity. We also conducted a detailed investigation of the nature of particle transport patterns using finite-time Lyapunov exponents, which showed that dynamically rich Lagrangian coherent structures are formed around the buildings and off the tops of the skyscrapers.
Review of Scientific Instruments New Products
Authors: Mandelis Andreas
Published: June 2022

In order to supplement manufacturers’ information, this department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials, which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.
Optimisation and modelling of draft and rupture width using response surface methodology and artificial neural network for tillage tools
Authors: Gautam Prem Veer , Tiwari Prem Shanker , Agrawal Kamal Nayan , Roul Ajay Kumar , Kumar Manoj , Singh Karan
Published: June 2022

Context Soil–tool interaction modelling and optimisation reduce manufacturing costs and energy requirements for precision tillage equipment design. Diverse tillage tools have been designed to reduce draft requirements and desirable soil disturbance, but this is not fully understood. Aims The current study investigated the effects of tool width, cone index, depth, and forward speed on draft with corresponding rupture width in order to develop response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models and compared them to other models in order to predict draft and rupture width. Methods Experiments were carried out in a soil bin with a vertisol, and rupture width was measured using an image processing technique. Key results Using RSM, the optimum values for minimum draft with maximum rupture width within a range of independent variables were found to be 100 mm tool width, 600 kPa cone index, 141.63 mm tillage depth, and 3 km/h forward speed. For predicting the draft, the coefficients of determination (R2) for ANN and RSM models were 0.997 and 0.987, respectively; for rupture width prediction, R2 were 0.921 and 0.976. Conclusions Developed ANN and RSM models of draft and rupture width were better than other analytical or numerical models, and both models’ predictions were in good agreement with experiment values within the range of ±5% uncertainty. Implications The developed models can be used to predict the draft and soil disturbance requirements of tillage tools and design precision tillage tools.
Trees, assemblies, chains, and windows*
Authors: Waliński Jacek Tadeusz
Published: June 2022

For describing grammatical organization, metaphors based on a variety of source domains – including trees, networks, chains, paths, and windows – all appear to have some validity. In Cognitive Grammar, they pertain to facets of assemblies, where semantic and phonological structures are connected by relations of symbolization, composition, and categorization. Assemblies have a temporal dimension; consisting in sequenced processing activity that runs concurrently on different time scales, they involve both seriality and hierarchy. In their hierarchical aspect, they are comparable to constituency trees, and in their connections, to dependency trees. Assembly elements, which can be characterized at any level of specificity, are connected in both syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations. A person’s linguistic ability comprises a vast assembly of conventional units, a portion of which are activated as part of the transient assembly constituting a particular expression. Lexicon and grammar effect the implementation of semantic functions – affective, interactive, descriptive, and discursive – which emerge with varying degrees of salience depending on their symbolization by segmental, prosodic, and other means. Assemblies thus make possible a unified approach to processing, structure, function, and use.
Constructions, generalizations, and the unpredictability of language*
Authors: Herbst Thomas
Published: June 2022

Attempts at predicting syntactic behavior from semantic or other generalizations are often unsatisfactory. It is argued that the notion of competition as used by Goldberg (2019) can serve as an explanation for unpredictability in language because established formulations that are preferred over others automatically distort the collocational profiles of verbs in argument structure constructions. As a consequence of this, an approach of seeing items as items-in-constructions (and not as elements attracted to them) is argued for. It is then shown how this items-in-constructions view can be applied to designing models of reference constructicons and mental constructicons.
From construction grammar to embodied construction practice*
Authors: De Knop Sabine
Published: June 2022

In recent years, foreign language pedagogy has recognized the need to focus on larger meaningful sequences of words and on communicative goals. Construction grammar (CxG) has a number of assets to address these issues. First, with the postulate of meaningful schematic templates, CxG makes it possible to establish a structured inventory of abstract constructions. In this chapter, this is illustrated by the inventory of German constructions with the preposition bis ‘up to, until’. Second, constructions, having a certain degree of schematicity, are particularly suitable to be practiced as whole sequences. Interactive activities based on ‘embodied teaching and learning’ can help foster the entrenchment of constructions.
Deictic directionals revisited in the light of advances in typology
Authors: Lamarre Christine , Vittrant Alice , Kopecka Anetta , Voisin Sylvie , Bon Noëllie , Fagard Benjamin , Grinevald Colette , Moyse-Faurie Claire , Risler Annie , Song Jin-Ke , Tan Adeline , Voirin Clément
Published: June 2022

This study explores the issue of Associated Motion (hereafter AM) in five languages spoken in Africa and Asia. We investigate grammatical morphemes whose function is to add a motion process to the event encoded in the verb expressing the main (non-motion) event, and to specify the temporal sequence of these two events (motion-prior-to-action or motion-subsequent-to-action). We show that an AM analysis adequately accounts for the function of morphemes previously considered as directionals in Wolof and Burmese, whereas in Sereer, Northern Mandarin and Japanese, AM markers are concurring with morphemes marking deictic orientation. Our results support recent studies showing that AM is a widespread linguistic phenomenon, and thus raise the question of the place of AM in a typology of motion events.
Co-event relations in Swedish motion constructions
Authors: Olofsson Joel
Published: June 2022

This paper discusses co-events denoted by verbs used in Swedish motion events. The motion events are analyzed as constructions in the sense of construction grammar, in which the motion component can be argued to be evoked by a syntactic construction rather than by the verb per se.

The manner of motion aspect of motion events has been extensively explored in typological research. The purpose of the paper is to give an overview of co-events often neglected in this research on motion events. Based on empirical findings in large corpora, this paper also focuses on co-event relations other than manner, such as concomitant activities, concurrent results, predicatives and modality.
Assessing writing development during study abroad
Authors: Strobl Carola , Baten Kristof
Published: June 2022

In research about second language (L2) development during study abroad (SA), writing is underrepresented. This is partly due to the difficulty of designing adequate tasks and measures to gauge writing development during a short immersion period. Our study explores the applicability of a narrative task assessed in terms of both linguistic complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) and functional adequacy (FA), a novelty in SA writing research. Texts written by 30 advanced students of L2 German before and after SA were analysed. The results show moderate correlations between the measures for fluency and lexical variation and two FA dimensions. This suggests that, in the SA context, CAF and FA develop together to a certain extent, although the constructs are conceptually different.
Board-level drop properties of Sn–49Bi–1Ag/Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu hybrid solder joints assembled by low-temperature soldering
Authors: Ren J. , Huang M. L.
Published: June 2022

The Cu/Sn–49Bi–1Ag/Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu/Ni–P hybrid solder joints for customer electronics were assembled by low-temperature soldering at 170–200°C. The relationship between microstructural evolution and board-level drop failure mechanism of these solder joints during aging at 110°C was investigated. The Bi-rich zone increased from 24.98to 78.85% with increasing soldering temperature from 170 to 200°C. The growth rate of intermetallic compound (IMC) in 170-SAC/SB solder joints was approximately 3 times faster than that in 200-SAC/SB solder joints. The drop failure mechanism was explained that the drop-induced crack propagation path shifted from Bi phases in the as-soldered joints to the solder/Cu6Sn5 interface in the aged joints, since the interfacial Cu6Sn5 IMC grew thicker with increasing aging time.
Atypical neural oscillations in response to speech in infants and children with speech and language impairments
Authors: Nallet Caroline , Gervain Judit
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

A growing body of evidence suggests that speech perception impairments found in subjects with language deficits could be linked to the atypical neural entrainment of the brain oscillations present in the auditory cortex and oscillating at different frequencies, to the amplitude modulations of speech at different rates (i.e. phrase-level, syllable-level, phoneme-level).

Material and methods:

In this paper, we conducted a systematic review of the studies investigating the neural synchronisation to auditory stimuli, linguistic or non-linguistic, in subjects with or at risk for language impairments. Our systematic research led to thirteen articles. The majority of these studies concerned subjects with dyslexia.

Results:

The studies are in favour of an overall atypical oscillatory activity of the auditory cortex in response to speech, at different modulation rates, associated with language outcomes. However, this systematic review shows that this research area is at its infancy and that conflicting results on the precise oscillatory mechanisms involved in the impaired speech perception still exist; further research as well as replications of the previous findings are needed to better understand the relationship between atypical neural entrainment to speech and language disorders.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, we link this systematic review to the prosodic prenatal shaping hypothesis proposing a developmental framework of speech perception linked to the theory of the embedded neural oscillations of the auditory cortex. A better understanding of the development of the neural mechanisms underlying speech perception and how they develop during infancy and childhood, both in typically and atypically developing children, could lead to better and earlier screening of children at risk for Language-Learning Impairment (LLI) and thus earlier and more efficient intervention programs.
How does flecainide impact RyR2 channel function?
Authors: Salvage Samantha C. , Huang Christopher L.-H. , Fraser James A. , Dulhunty Angela F.
Published: June 2022

Flecainide, a cardiac class 1C blocker of the surface membrane sodium channel (NaV1.5), has also been reported to reduce cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2)-mediated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release. It has been introduced as a clinical antiarrhythmic agent for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), a condition most commonly associated with gain-of-function RyR2 mutations. Current debate concerns both cellular mechanisms of its antiarrhythmic action and molecular mechanisms of its RyR2 actions. At the cellular level, it targets NaV1.5, RyR2, Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCX), and additional proteins involved in excitation–contraction (EC) coupling and potentially contribute to the CPVT phenotype. This Viewpoint primarily addresses the various direct molecular actions of flecainide on isolated RyR2 channels in artificial lipid bilayers. Such studies demonstrate different, multifarious, flecainide binding sites on RyR2, with voltage-dependent binding in the channel pore or voltage-independent binding at distant peripheral sites. In contrast to its single NaV1.5 pore binding site, flecainide may bind to at least four separate inhibitory sites on RyR2 and one activation site. None of these binding sites have been specifically located in the linear RyR2 sequence or high-resolution structure. Furthermore, it is not clear which of the inhibitory sites contribute to flecainide’s reduction of spontaneous Ca2+ release in cellular studies. A confounding observation is that flecainide binding to voltage-dependent inhibition sites reduces cation fluxes in a direction opposite to physiological Ca2+ flow from SR lumen to cytosol. This may suggest that, rather than directly blocking Ca2+ efflux, flecainide can reduce Ca2+ efflux by blocking counter currents through the pore which otherwise limit SR membrane potential change during systolic Ca2+ efflux. In summary, the antiarrhythmic effects of flecainide in CPVT seem to involve multiple components of EC coupling and multiple actions on RyR2. Their clarification may identify novel specific drug targets and facilitate flecainide’s clinical utilization in CPVT.
Bilocal geodesic operators in static spherically-symmetric spacetimes
Authors: Serbenta Julius , Korzyński Mikołaj
Published: June 2022

We present a method to compute exact expressions for optical observables for static spherically symmetric spacetimes in the framework of the bilocal geodesic operator formalism. The expressions are obtained by solving the linear geodesic deviation equations for null geodesics, using the spacetime symmetries and the associated conserved quantities. We solve the equations in two different ways: by varying the geodesics with respect to their initial data and by directly integrating the equation for the geodesic deviation. The results are very general and can be applied to a variety of spacetime models and configurations of the emitter and the observer. We illustrate some of the aspects with an example of Schwarzschild spacetime, focusing on the behaviour of the angular diameter distance, the parallax distance, and the distance slip between the observer and the emitter outside the photon sphere.
Remote teaching data-driven physical modeling through a COVID-19 open-ended data challenge
Authors: Cosentino Lagomarsino Marco , Pacifico Guglielmo , Firmano Valerio , Bella Edoardo , Benzoni Pietro , Grilli Jacopo , Bassetti Federico , Capuani Fabrizio , Cicuta Pietro , Gherardi Marco
Published: June 2022

Physics can be seen as a conceptual approach to scientific problems, a method for discovery, but teaching this aspect of our discipline can be a challenge. We report on a first-time remote teaching experience for a computational physics third-year physics laboratory class taught in the first part of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic (March–May 2020). To convey a ‘physics of data’ approach to data analysis and data-driven physical modeling we used interdisciplinary data sources, with an openended ‘COVID-19 data challenge’ project as the core of the course. COVID-19 epidemiological data provided an ideal setting for motivating the students to deal with complex problems, where there is no unique or preconceived solution. Our results indicate that such problems yield qualitatively different improvements compared to close-ended projects, as well as point to critical aspects in using these problems as a teaching strategy. By breaking the students’ expectations of unidirectionality, remote teaching provided unexpected opportunities to promote active work and active learning.
An extended primal-dual algorithm framework for nonconvex problems: application to image reconstruction in spectral CT
Authors: Gao Yu , Pan Xiaochuan , Chen Chong
Published: June 2022

Using the convexity of each component of the forward operator, we propose an extended primal-dual algorithm framework for solving a kind of nonconvex and probably nonsmooth optimization problems in spectral computed tomography (CT) image reconstruction. Following the proposed algorithm framework, we present six different iterative schemes or algorithms, and then establish the relationship to some existing algorithms. Under appropriate conditions, we prove the convergence of these schemes for the general case. Moreover, when the proposed schemes are applied to solving a specific problem in spectral CT image reconstruction, namely, total variation regularized nonlinear least-squares problem with nonnegative constraint, we also prove the particular convergence for these schemes by using some special properties. The numerical experiments with densely and sparsely data demonstrate the convergence and accuracy of the proposed algorithm framework in terms of visual inspection of images of realistic anatomic complexity and quantitative analysis with metrics structural similarity, peak signal-to-noise ratio, mean square error and maximum pixel difference. We analyze the computational complexity of these schemes, and discuss the extended applications of this algorithm framework in other nonlinear imaging problems.
MXene-based hydrogels towards the photothermal applications
Authors: Meng Jianqiang , An Ziyue , Liu Yandi , Sun Xiaoyi , Li Juan
Published: June 2022

MXene, a family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides, is one of the most attractive photothermal materials due to its unique hydrophilicity, tunable surface activity, and outstanding photothermal conversion performance by absorbing near-infrared light or solar light. The integration of MXene into three-dimensional polymer hydrogels opens up new possibilities for developing advanced material platforms. In this review, we summarize the synthesis of MXene-based hydrogels and highlight their recent progress in photothermal applications. Challenges and perspectives for future research are also outlined.
Fast visual inertial odometry with point–line features using adaptive EDLines algorithm
Authors: Zhao Shenggen , Zhang Tao , Wei Hongyu
Published: June 2022

In mainstream visual inertial odometry (VIO) systems, the method of positional solution by feature point extraction and matching in the image is widely used. However, the tracking accuracy of point features is dependent on the texture richness in the environment. Although many existing algorithms introduce line features in the front end to improve the system’s environmental adaptability, most of them sacrifice system real-time in exchange for higher positioning accuracy. The extraction and matching of line features often require more time, thus failing to meet the real-time requirements of the system for localization. In this paper, we therefore propose a fast VIO fused with point and line features, which enables the system to maintain a high level of positioning robustness in dim and changing light environments with low time cost. The point–line features VIO algorithm is based on adaptive thresholding of EDLines. By adding an adaptive thresholding component to the EDLines algorithm, the robustness of line feature extraction is enhanced to better adapt to changes in ambient lighting. The time needed for line feature extraction is also significantly reduced. A line feature matching algorithm based on geometric information and structural similarity is proposed, which enables fast and accurate line feature matching. The algorithm is compared with point-line visual-inertial odometry and monocular visual-inertial state estimator algorithms on the European robotics challenge dataset and real-world scenes. Many experiments prove that the algorithm has improved in both real time and accuracy.
Analysis and optimization of shielding in measuring helical gear tooth flank by laser interferometry
Authors: Zhu Xindong , Wang Zhaohui , Yang Pengcheng , Zhang Pei , Wang Xian , Zhao Zidan , Meng Jinglin , Wei Xiang
Published: June 2022

Phase shifting laser interferometry is an effective method to measure the form error of a helical gear tooth flank. However, during measurement, part of the measurement light is inevitably shielded by an adjacent tooth or its own structure, and thus cannot be captured by the detector, resulting in the inability to collect a complete set of tooth surface shape information. This problem restrains the practicality of measuring a gear tooth flank by laser interferometry. We propose an analysis method and optimal search algorithm for shielding, to collect a complete set of tooth surface information from a measured gear. First, we propose an analysis method for shielding, based on ray-tracing, which allows the measurable region of helical gear tooth flanks with common parameters to be statistically analyzed. The variation law of the main parameters and a measurable region of the common helical gear tooth surface is expounded. Second, in order to obtain the complete interferogram, we propose an optimal search algorithm for shielding, by changing the relative position between the measured gear and the measurement optical system. Finally, relevant simulation and experiments prove that the proposed analysis and optimization methods are feasible. Furthermore, when the oblique incidence method is used to measure the shielded precision complex surface, the proposed methods of analyzing and optimizing shielding can be used for reference, to realize the complete measurement of the measured surface.
A prediction–correction method for fast and accurate initial displacement field estimation in digital image correlation
Authors: Yang Hongfan , Wang Sihan , Xia Huanxiong , Liu Jianhua , Wang Aimin , Yang Ye
Published: June 2022

Initial displacement estimation is one of the most critical issues in digital image correlation. A better initial value can greatly improve the convergence rate and accuracy of the algorithms with subpixel accuracy. This paper developed an efficient estimation method to yield high-quality initial displacement fields. This method finds the initial displacement of each subset in a prediction–correction way, in which the displacement of the seed point is found by exhaustive search, but the other subsets are first predicted by an extrapolation scheme and then corrected by a monotonous search strategy. This method was tested by extensive experiments and validated by comparing with the well-known exhaustive search and adaptive rood pattern search methods, and then it was combined with the inverse compositional Gauss–Newton algorithm to perform subpixel-optimization experiments. The results demonstrated excellent features of accuracy, effectiveness, and convergence. Finally, we presented a three-dimensional surface reconstruction experiment using the proposed method, obtaining a geometric accuracy with a relative error of 0.016%.
Improvement of endurance and switching speed in Hf1−x
Zr
x
O2 thin films using a nanolaminate structure
Authors: Jang Hojung , Kashir Alireza , Oh Seungyeol , Hwang Hyunsang
Published: June 2022

To improve the endurance and polarization switching speed of Hf1−x
Zr
x
O2 (HZO) ferroelectric films, we designed a 10 nm Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 + ZrO2 (HZZ) nanolaminate structure. Three films with different ZrO2 interlayers thicknesses were compared to find the optimal condition to implement the effect of the topological domain wall which was proposed recently. The HZZ film were deposited by repeatedly stacking ten HZO (∼0.92 nm) and six ZrO2 (∼0.53 nm) layers; they exhibited a dramatic reduction of coercive field without an effective loss of remnant polarization. The endurance at operation voltage increased by more than 100 times compared with that of the solid solution HZO film, and the switching speed was increased by more than two times. The formation of the tetragonal phase-like spacer between the ferroelectric polar regions appears to be the main factor associated with the reduction of the switching barrier and leads to the acceleration of the switching propagation over multiple domains.
Determining Turkish high school students’ misconceptions about electric charge imbalance by using a four-tier misconception test
Authors: Onder-Celikkanli Nuray , Tan Mustafa
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine Turkish high school students’ misconceptions about the electric charge imbalance by using a four-tier misconception test, where the main questions are accompanied by a question about the reason for the answer, as well as student declarations about their degrees of certainty. A four-tier electric charge imbalance misconception test (4-tier ECIMT) was developed by Onder-Celikkanli (2019) in the context of her dissertation. It consists of 24 questions, each consisting of four tiers. It is limited to (a) electric interactions between charged bodies, (b) electric interactions between a charged body and a neutral body, and (c) electric interactions between two neutral bodies. It was administered to 402 tenth-grade Turkish high school students in Turkey. At the end of the study, some new misconceptions were introduced to the literature. One of the most important ones is ‘the magnitude of the electric force between the two objects is independent of the relative permittivity of the medium between them’.
What happens next? There is more to bubbles than blowing!
Authors: Featonby David , Dovalova Kristina , Oliveira Rute
Published: June 2022

Here are a selection of experiments that highlight the different properties of soap bubbles.