bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Sustainable Agriculture: Assessing Plant Variety Protection and Farmers’ Rights in Pakistan
Authors: Mubeen Muhammad , Rehman Hafiz Aziz ur
Published: September 2024

Pakistan's regulatory framework regarding Plant varieties presents a multifaceted challenge in the preservation of farmers' rights within the spheres of agricultural policy, intellectual property rights (IPRs), and the socio-economic landscape. This inquiry aims to analyze the current state of plant-related legislation in Pakistan, with a particular highlighting on the strategies employed to protect farmers' rights in the background of the rapidly changing global environment of intellectual property and agricultural methodologies. With the dawn of international accords such as the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights(TRIPS)and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA), Pakistan faces the imperative of aligning its domestic legal framework with global standards while ensuring the safeguarding of farmers' rights. The study concludes by recommending reforms at both institutional and policy levels that could strengthen Pakistan's legal framework in the protection of farmers' rights, particularly regarding the safeguarding of plant varieties.
Ensuring Shelter for All: Analyzing India's Legal Framework and Policies on Housing for All
Authors: Baig Shahid Rizwan , Sarwar Lubna Ghulam
Published: September 2024

India's rapid urbanization and growing socio-economic inequality have resulted in a severe housing shortage. This study investigates India's legal and policy frameworks concerning housing, focusing on the 'Housing for All' initiative. It examines key legal developments, significant court rulings, and policies like the National Housing & Habitat Policy and the Land Acquisition Act, of 2013. The research highlights the challenges of implementing housing initiatives at municipal, state, and federal levels and evaluates their effectiveness in providing housing to underserved populations. The study underscores the importance of a robust and inclusive legal framework to achieve housing for all, suggesting that access to adequate and affordable housing is crucial for addressing India's housing crisis and ensuring social equity.
The Influence of Instagram Usage on Self-Esteem and Well-Being of University Students
Authors: Toor Shazia Ismail , Malik Fatima , Khalid Aemen
Published: September 2024

The research explores the effects of the consumption of Instagram on the psychological states and self-esteem of university students, with special attention to the chosen object since it is the most widely used social platform among youths at this stage of their lives. It will discuss the impact of Instagram, especially when adopting upward social comparison. sampling technique employed by this study is quantitative with purposive sampling technique, and the study gets responses from 230 people. The survey adopted several scales: eligibility criteria: Participants had to be over 18 years of age, own an Instagram account, complete the Instagram Intensity Scale(based on Ellison), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, measures of passive and active use of IG, and a Life Satisfaction Scale. The research evidence shows that both active and passive use of Instagram results in a negative shift in the self-esteem of users, meaning that the well-being of university students is impacted.
Chabotâ€™s as Entertaining Content for the Youth in Pakistan
Authors: Ishaq Nasim , Hussain Tanveer , Fatima Anoosha
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of chatbots as a form of entertainment on Pakistani youth. Chatbots have gained popularity for providing personalized and engaging experiences through conversational interfaces. However, limited research addresses their effects specifically as entertainment for young people in Pakistan. Utilizing a qualitative research approach, this study gathers in-depth insights from six purposively sampled Pakistani youth familiar with chatbots. Guided by social cognitive theories, entertainment education, and media influence frameworks, the research employs in-depth interviews and content analysis to explore participant’s perceptions and interactions with chatbots. The findings reveal the potential benefits and drawbacks of chatbots as entertainment, highlighting their influence on youth behavior, attitudes, and information acquisition. Additionally, the results offer guidance for developing responsible digital entertainment platforms that consider cultural nuances and developmental needs. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and content creators to thoughtfully integrate chatbots into the entertainment industry for Pakistani youth.
Exploring the Spiral of Silence: Hardcore in Social Media Dynamics and the Moderating Influence of Fear of Isolation
Authors: Naz Alishbah , Khan mohsin Hassan , Basit Abdul
Published: September 2024

The Spiral of Silence theory by Noelle Neumann (Neumann N. E., 1974) comes from an era of no social media. It discusses how people’s opinion is influenced by Fear of Isolation while forming a public opinion. The existing literature lacks the application of the Spiral of Silence to study social media dynamics. Most studies exist in traditional settings to study political cases and lack individuals' personal and social aspects. This study bridges this research gap by exploring the Spiral of Silence theory on social media and also revisits the concept of “The Hardcores” coined by Neumann. To explore new dimensions, new variables are adapted from the literature and the theory to determine the relation of Personal Opinion Strength and Willingness to Speak under the Moderation of Fear of Isolation. This research elucidates the dynamics of the expression of public opinion in this digital era and indicates further alternate dimensions.
Analysis of Lexical Density and Readability of Pakistani English Newspaper Dawn
Authors: Hameed Samia , Ali Imran , - Khalid
Published: September 2024

This research study aimed to analyze the lexical density and readability of Pakistani English Newspaper and so, to suggest their suitability for the level of students. Eight newspapers from four genres were selected as sample. The theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics based on the theory of lexical density by Ure (1971) was applied for finding lexical density and readability indices by using content analysis design through an online text analyzer software. Readability values were compared with the FleschmReading Ease Scale. The results of this study showed that lexical density values of all genres were greater than 40% according to the Flesch Reading Ease Scale. All the texts were lexically dense having a greater number of contents carrying lexical items as compared to grammatical items. The findings of study could also be applied to academic textbooks in order to check complexity and suitability according to the level of the students.
Global Impact of New Media in Public Relations: A Review
Authors: Bhadur Ali , Anis Yumna , Maryam Warda
Published: September 2024

The present study examines new media platforms and public relations from different journals related to Public Relations and articles from Google Scholar. The initial sample consisted of 23 articles, of which 15 met the criteria and were analyzed. The study's findings show that the current research is in the exploratory phase with both quantitative and qualitative studies which explores the dominance of the use of technology by practitioners. The study suggests that public relations practitioners use technology to sustain a positive relationship with their audience. Furthermore, this review paper compiles major findings from previous research to improve overall awareness of current and future problems that new media particularly social media pose to public relations. It's not clear if present theoretical frameworks can effectively incorporate the new media, and data proposes that many public relations professionals are grappling with the influence of new media, specifically, the Internet at their workplaces.
Thriving in the Digital Age: How Self-Efficacy Can Buffer the Effects of Social Media Use on Teachers Professional Well-Being
Authors: Atiq Hira , Saleem Khalid , Arshad Hafiz Muhammad
Published: September 2024

This research examined the association between social media usage and teachers’ professional well-being. The study also foresees that teachers’ self-efficacy mediates the positive relationship between using social media and teachers’ professional well-being. This is a descriptive study and a survey approach was used to collect data through the administration of questionnaires to the conveniently selected sample of 171 University teachers working in Pakistan. The researchers used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-26) to analyze the data. The analysis revealed that social media use is positively associated with teachers’ professional well-being, directly and indirectly, via teacher’s self-efficacy. The findings of the study add to the existing literature by emphasizing the role of social media usage and teachers’ self-efficacy in modeling teachers’ professional well-being.
Toward Digital Resilience: Strategies for Promoting Positive Mental Health in the Age of Social Media
Authors: Kaleem Khan Shahid , Sohail Aamir , Fatima Kashif Mahvish
Published: September 2024

The advent of social media may be considered as the most profound modification in communication patterns, particularly among young people. This research elucidates the tie between social media use and the mental health performance of young adults from a public health perspective. The study showed relationship between social media engagement and mental well-being is quite complex. Besides, positive social relationships and social support were found among online communities, analyzing the given research it was shown that this one could stem the negativity. Moreover, research urges the government to enhance public health activities to encourage young people to have good social media habits and they should be digitally resistant. This study takes a holistic approach to the involvement of social media in mental health hack issues with the purpose of developing strategic measures to mitigate the negative aspects and improve well-being in the digital era.
Improving Workforce Development in Pakistan to Foster Sustainable Economic Growth: An Analysis from the Field of Human Resource Management
Authors: Ahmed Arfan , Arif Hussain Syed , Usman Shahid Syed
Published: September 2024

Pakistan's population is dynamic and quickly expanding, presenting a one-of-a-kind opportunity for economic growth and development. The aim of this article is to explore how Human Resource Management could significantly help in closing the skills gap, developing a culture of lifelong learning, increasing innovation and entrepreneurship, enhancing employability and retention, and generating capable, adaptable, diverse, and inclusive workforces. A mixed-methods approach to measure the effectiveness of the HRM practices was conducted for the purpose of establishing whether or not the HRM practices in Pakistan favored the development of sustainable economic growth. According to the data collected from two hundred HR experts and workers from diverse sectors, training programs were a key HRM practice for seventy-two percent of the organizations in Pakistan. However, only forty-five percent of the respondents indicated that they had a performance management system that was supported by unique career life stages.
Effect of Celebrity Credibility on Brand Passion and Brand Loyalty
Authors: Khan Zargham Ullah , Arshad Tania , Alam Naveed
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study is to assess how celebrity credibility influences brand passion and brand loyalty. Various statistical techniques were employed, including structural equation modeling, descriptive analysis, correlation, regression, reliability, and frequency analyses. Findings revealed that for customers of clothing brands, the expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness of celebrity endorsers were crucial predictors of brand loyalty. Additionally, the study found that brand passion positively influenced brand loyalty. Furthermore, brand passion significantly and positively mediated the connection between brand loyalty and celebrity endorsers. This insight is beneficial for companies that do not use celebrities or company management in their brand promotion strategies.The study was purely quantitative, employing closedâ€ended questions with preset responses, which limited participants from offering feedback beyond the provided choices. Future studies might consider using a mixedâ€method approach.
Scope of Human Resources Management in Educational Leadership and Management in Institutions in Pakistan: Challenges and Remedial Measures
Authors: Sahito Shah Nawaz , Mehmood Sheikh Tariq
Published: September 2024

Human Resource Management is crucial to schools and other educational institutions because it provides qualified candidates for positions. Pakistani educational institutions face HRM concerns such as political involvement, culture, and inadequate resources. These obstacles prevent the integration of HRM practices and hinder their alignment with institutional strategic initiatives. This article discusses HRM methods in Pakistani educational organizations, significant concerns, and how they affect strategic direction. Interviews with educational leaders and structured survey questionnaires are used in the work. Poor staff involvement, outdated staff training, and opposition to innovative HRM approaches worsened by political influence and insufficient resources are internal risks. The report emphasizes the necessity for effective leadership development programs and ideal HRM models that follow international principles for local conditions. Innovation, personnel development, and policy changes to decrease political influence and funding are recommended.
The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility and Price on Consumer Responses: A Theoretical Review
Authors: Ullah Safi , Azeem Saira
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of pricing and corporate social responsibility on consumer reactions. To examine the impact of corporate social responsibility on pricing, a set of hypothetical situations was devised, focusing on two specific domains: the environment and charitable activities. An extensive analysis of the nation's population reveals that corporate social responsibility spans all of these areas of operation. This factor significantly influences both the assessment of a company's value and the intention to make a purchase. Moreover, with regard to the environment, the impact of corporate social responsibility on the inclination to make a purchase was significantly stronger than the influence of cost.
Leadership Dynamics and Organizational Performance: The Critical Role of Employee Motivation in SMEs
Authors: Khan Shahid Kalim , Sohail Aamir , Ali Naqash
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of leadership as a management strategy on motivation and organizational performance in SMEs. Employing a quantitative research approach under the overall umbrellaof positivism, the study aimed at reaching managerial employees working in SMEs, despite their significance for the economy and constant management and motivation issues. The participants were 350 managerial professionals, forming a growing population to maximize statistical reliability. The primary method of data collection involved Likert scales in questionnaire surveys, while for the analysis (PLS-SEM), Smart PLS was used. This research established that there is a positive correlation between leadership behavior, organizational commitment, and organizational output in SMEs. The results of this study, therefore, stress the importance of leadership and motivation in boosting organizational performance and make a strong call to SMEs to track their efforts towards bettering these elements intheir operations to gain better performance results.
Role of Social Networking Sites in promoting E-commerce Business: An analysis of Entrepreneur Perception in Punjab
Authors: Hussain Tanveer , Khan Ehsan Ahmad , Abbasi Shehryar
Published: September 2024

This research explores the interdependent relationship between e-commerce businesses and social networking sites, focusing on entrepreneurial perception in Punjab, Pakistan. Entrepreneurship involves making and managing new businesses to generate revenue, often spurred by market needs. E-commerce, including online trade, has become an integral component of modern business. This study investigates the role of social networking sites on e-commerce entrepreneurship, identifying the occurrence of social media and its potential to drive economic growth. The combination of these platforms forms a dynamic socialmarket, offering ease to both buyers and sellers.A quantitative research design is adopted, involving a questionnaire-based survey of approximately 400 e- commerce entrepreneurs and customers from South and Central Punjab. Utilizing SPSS for analysis, the study examines correlations and developments within the data. This research uncovers the intricate dynamics of e- commerce entrepreneurship, revealing diverse perceptions and behaviours.
An Analysis of Interest-Free Finance in Pakistan
Authors: - Natasha , Ali Sadiq , Ullah Numan
Published: September 2024

An interest-free economy plays a prominent role in the country's development. Pakistan being an Islamic country should make efforts to flourish Islamic finance in order to get the benefits of this justified and equitable Islamic economic system. The basis of interest-free finance is avoiding interest (usury) which is against the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah. The present research is qualitative in nature, data is extracted from audited financial statements of the respective Islamic banks and websites. The global annual growth rate of interest-free finance is 10% and the same growth is exhibited by Islamic banks. Islamic banks are contributing to charity to achieve SDG goals under CSR. In Pakistan, the people believe Islamic banking is not un-Islamic. Islamic finance's challenges were also mentioned. The biggest challenges include a lack of qualified people, different schools of thought, no Islamic banking laws, no client awareness, and few Islamic products.
Existing Green Port Sustainable Practices under Fuzzy AHP Model: A Case Study of Karachi Port
Authors: Ahmad Sharjeel , Zaidi Syed Shahid Zaheer , Zohaib H. Shahrukh
Published: September 2024

Maritime transport drives globalization and international trade. Ports worldwide handle 80% of seaborne trade by volume and 70% by value. Sustainable development is more important due to unexpected worldwide environmental changes. Ports are vital to economic progress. Port construction and operation polluted the environment, prompting the green concept. The present study used the "Fuzzy AHP Model"to assess Karachi Port's sustainable green port practices based on previous research. The study identified five key characteristics of a green port: little hazardous waste handling, a weak air and water pollution control system, poor port greenery, and habitat quality maintenance below international standards at Karachi port. Future research should create and apply solutions to improve this study's prioritized features. Innovative technology, policies, and collaborations can sustain green ports. Port and regional studies uncover green port best practices and contextual differences. Monitor and evaluate strategies to adapt to changing environmental standards and maritime transport issues.
Nexus Among Administrative Environmental Innovation and Firm Financial Performance
Authors: Saleem Mudassar , Rafique Amir
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the effect of administrative environmental innovation (AEI) on firm financial performance (FFP) by considering the dynamic capability theory and resource-based view. Specifically, this study tests the linkages between administrative environmental innovation (AEI) and firm financial performance (FFP)by using worldwide data from 685 companies from 42 countries for the period 2004 to 2020. In the final sample, we have 4368 year-annual observations. In this study, AEI is segregated into internal AEI and external AEI. The findings of this study show that Internal AEI and external AEI both enhance FFP under a dynamic capability approach. In this way, this study provides some managerial implications such as the implementation of AEI helps in green innovation strategy that can raise firm profitability in the long run period.
Studying the Impact of High-Intensity Resistance Training on the Physical Fitness of Cricket Players in Government College of Physical Education, Quetta
Authors: Kakar Muhammad Aslam Khan , Shah Faiz ul Hassan , Ullah Kaleem
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the impact of a 12-week high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) program on cricket players' physical fitness at the Government College of Physical Education in Quetta, Pakistan. The study included twenty male cricket gentleman's (mean age 23.5 years, SD 3.1). Participants were divided into two groups: The group performing the experiment (EG, n = 10) went through the HIRT program, while the control group (CG, n = 10) did not engage in any specific training. Physical fitness assessments were conducted pre- and post-intervention, including tests for muscular strength, power, agility, and endurance. Results showed significant improvements (p < .05) in muscular strength, power, and agility in the EG compared to the CG. However, no significant differences were found in endurance. These results suggest that HIRT can be a successful technique to enhance fitness levels in cricketers.
Exploring the Experiences of Midwives in the Provision of Postpartum Contraceptive Counselling to Rural Women in Pakistan: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Iftikhar Amna , Rahman Khalil ur , Ali Umar
Published: September 2024

This study was conducted to examine the challenges faced by midwives in providing postpartum contraceptive counseling services to women in the rural area of Lahore city of Punjab Province, Pakistan. A qualitative research method was used wherein twenty study participants (midwives) purposively selected in the targeted locale were interviewed using a Semi-Structured Interview (SSI). The collected data was secured in the form of field notes which were subsequently analyzed while extracting four themes including (i) involvement of the client's family (ii) misinterpretation about the use of contraception (iii) contraception availability (iv) religious perspective on contraception. This study concluded that midwives are facing challenges from family, culture, and community while providing postpartum contraceptive counseling to rural women. Furthermore, the study also concluded that the personal choices, values, and religious beliefs of women also pose a significant challenge for midwives in providing contraceptive counseling to rural women in Pakistan.
Impact of Gender Diversity on Real Earnings Management: Evidence from BRIC Public Listed Non-Financial Firms
Authors: Zaib Haseena , Ilyas Muhammad , Amin Muhammad Yusuf
Published: September 2024

Weak corporate governance (CG) practices have been cited as a major factor that causes financial disasters. However, gender diversity (GD) is considered one of these factors that can reduce the effects of such crises. This study, uses 712 publicly listed firms from 2017 to 2022, to investigate the effect of GD on real earning management (REM). Control
variables such as firm size, leverage, current ratio, and state-owned enterprises are also used in this study. The findings of this study report that there is a statistically significant relationship between REM with GD. It means that companies having a female on board less engage in REM. Furthermore, the findings of this study can help policymakers, practitioners, and researchers create focused interventions and strategies that will support GD and sustainable business practices in the BRIC economies. Therefore, results suggest encouraging GD in the board to reduce the level of REM.
Violence and Gender: A Critical Analysis of Print Media Reportings of Noor Mukadamâ€™s Case
Authors: Suleman Butt Saman , Akbar Khan  , Khalid Sawera
Published: September 2024

This study aims to analyze headlines of print media articles of Noor Mukadam's murder case to understand how it reflected the state of misogyny and patriarchy in Pakistan. The three-dimensional model introduced by Norman Fairclough is used as an analytical framework. The findings of the study have shown the role of print media in portraying a society gasping under the heavy pall of patriarchy and toxic masculinity linked with Noor Mukadam's murder case. Print media chose such titles to provoke thought and discussion to challenge societal norms. The titles suggested a harsh reality where young women were not given the opportunities, respect, or safety they deserved. Print media tried to evoke emotional responses and engage readers. Studies investigating how topics or events are presented are crucial for understanding how media shapes perception by defining issues attributing causes making moral judgments and proposing solutions.
Intersectionality of Survivalism and Sustainability: An Ecocritical Exploration of Anthropocentric and Biocentric Narratives in Richard Powers' The Overstory
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Amir Hania , Raza Zareen
Published: September 2024

The ongoing study explores the intersection of survivalism and sustainability within Richard Powers' The Overstory (2018) employing Joseph Meeker's ecocritical perspective. It explores how the novel presents contrasting narratives of anthropocentrism and biocentrism concerning mankind's relationship with the natural world. The examination reveals the impediments of survivalist attitudes that focus on human conservation over ecological well-being. It contrasts with the biocentric narratives woven into the characters' significant associations with trees, enlightening their potential to cultivate a more just and sustainable future for all life on Earth. By employing a comparative approach, the study establishes connections between the novel's themes and the contemporary ecological challenges plaguing our planet today. The study also encourages scholars to speculate on the integrated role in ensuring environmental survival and sustainability.
The Rising Gentrification of Thrifting within the context of Pakistan: Attitudes towards the practice & consequences of its destigmatization
Authors: Kamran Saliha , Athar Shamaila , Azeem Athar
Published: September 2024

The following paper aims to shed light on the growing relevance of the momentum of purchasing second-hand clothing amongst middle/ upper-middle class youngsters in through an effective qualitative analysis and the conduction of ten semi-structured interviews of female students hailing from Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan. It also aims to underline the many possible causes of the need for such gentrification of the practice of‘thrifting’ in relation to greater conversations surrounding social class behavior and social media utilization as well as the possible impacts of such gentrification and acceptability on conventional thrifting markets and their traditionally and historically working class purchasers. The results of the study demonstrate a clear relationship between rising gentrification of thrifting within the country owing to greater upper-class integration within the practice, as well as the ways in which it can potentially be a source of concern for local flea markets.
The Impact of Religiosity on Emotional Intelligence and Creative Thinking Abilities in University Students
Authors: Sajjad Sara , Arshad Muhammad , Hussain Gulzar
Published: September 2024

This study explores the relationship between university students' emotional intelligence, religiosity, and creative thinking skills. Creative thinking is crucial for innovation and job creation, while emotional intelligence involves understanding and managing emotions, which are vital for a successful life. Using a descriptive research method, data were collected from 120 university students selected through convenience sampling. Three scales measured emotional intelligence, religiosity, and creative thinking skills. The analysis revealed a relationship among these variables, indicating that emotions, mediated by religiosity, can enhance creative thinking skills in students. Most respondents agreed that they can regulate their emotions, and the study highlighted that religion aids in emotion regulation. Religion helps manage emotions in critical situations, promoting calmness and creative thinking.
Challenges Faced by L.H.W for Providing Domestic Healthcare Services in Kallar Syedan
Authors: Naheed Aimen , Chaudhry Abid Ghafoor
Published: September 2024

This study is an attempt to find out the difficulties or challenges that are faced by L.H.W (Lady Health Workers) in Tehsil Kallar Syedan. In domestic healthcare, these health workers provide basic nursing care in rural and urban communities. Lady health workers face issues in providing domestic health care services. They promote a hygienic environment. The main aim of the study is to know about the problems of L.H.W and their duties as well as to identify the reasons or the causes of emerging issues for lady health workers. This study included 10 participants and took 3 months to complete. It was conducted in Tehsil Kallar Syedan. The study used a qualitative research design and an explanatory method to understand the challenges of the L.H.W. Sample drawn by purposive sampling and an in- depth interview method was used as a tool for data collection. For this study, thematic analysis was used to analyze the collected data.
The Role of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Aggression in the Developing Hypertension Tendencies among Young Adults
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Islam Zain-ul- , Nasir Rabia
Published: September 2024

The main purpose of this study is to determine how depression, anxiety, stress, and aggression relate to young adults diagnosed with hypertension. In this study, a correlational research design is used. The target population for this study was chosen using a purposive technique. The final sample comprised 200 people, equally divided across the genders (n = 100) female and (n = 100) male. Simple counts, simple percentages, mean, and standard deviation were all part of the descriptive analysis. The study's hypotheses are tested using inferential statistics, such as person correlation, multiple linear regression, and the t-test of independent samples analysis. Depression, anxiety, stress, and aggression are measured using the appropriate scales. SPSS is used to examine the data. Recommendations, consequences, and limits of the current study are discussed in the conclusion of the thesis.
The Effects of Physical Exercise on Managing Depression, Anxiety, and Attitude Change among Female College Students
Authors: Sharif Nadia , Tabassum Yasmeen , ud Din Badar Mohy
Published: September 2024

In the past few years, the mental health of students, particularly females, has emerged as a growing concern worldwide. The study was designed to determine the effect between exercise and mental health status among female students. Thirty female students were selected. The research design employed was an experimental research design involving an eight-week training program that was randomly administered to players with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Pretest and post-test intervention readings assessed the players' responses using standardized measures such as the Burns Anxiety Inventory, Burns Depression Inventory, and Attitudes Toward Exercise and Physical Activity. Burns Anxiety Inventory results concluded there were significant score reductions in relation to anxious feelings, anxious thoughts, and physical symptoms with p-values of <.0001. The Burns Depression Inventory also proved that checklist scores for depression had reduced significantly. The attitude toward exercise andphysical activity changed significantly with mean scores increasing.
Social Emotional Competence, Religiosity, and Pro-Social Behavior Among Adolescents
Authors: Irshad Afifa Fatima , Khan Muhammad Luqman , Mahmood Tariq
Published: September 2024

Present study measured the relationship between Social Emotional Competence, Religiosity, and Pro-Social behavior among Adolescents. Study conducted on following hypotheses 1). There would be a significant relationship between Social-Emotional Competence and Religiosity among Adolescence.2). There would be a significant relationship between Religiosity and Pro-social behavior among Adolescence. 3). There would be a significant impact of Social Emotional Competence on Pro-social behavior of Adolescence.4). There would be a significant impact of Religiosity on Pro-Social behavior of Adolescence. Sample of the study was 200 students, and the data was collected from the different government and private colleges located in Faisalabad. To calculate the data psychological measures were used 1) The Social-Emotional Competence (SEC) 2) The Religiosity scale for Youth 3) The Altruistic personality scale to measure the Pro-social behavior of Adolescence. SPSS's used for analysis of t-test, regression, and Pearson correlation. Study showed that there is significant relationship between variables.
Childhood Trauma, Perceived Social Support, and Post-Partum Depression among Newly Married Women after Miscarriage
Authors: Naz Anam , Sattar Aqsa , Fatima Sitwat
Published: September 2024

The study examined childhood trauma, perceived social support, and postpartum depression in married women with first-time miscarriages. After reviewing the literature, these hypotheses were formed. 1).Childhood trauma, perceived social support, and postpartum depression are significantly associated with newly married women with first miscarriage. 2)Early trauma and support networks are two major contributors to the new-onset maternal depression in newly married women experiencing a first perinatal loss. 3). There are significant family system differences in early trauma, support networks, and new-onset maternal depression for newly married women experiencing a first perinatal loss. The research has surveyed 250 newly married females in the b/t age group of 18–35 years after their first loss event. The sample includes public and private hospitals in Lahore and Faisalabad. Calculations were done according to the psychological measures: 1)Childhood Trauma Questionnaire 2)Perceived Social Support, and 3) Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Data analysis was done through SPSS.
The Perceived Impact of Social Media on Family and Social Relationships in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alolyan Asma , Siddiquee Asiya
Published: September 2024

This article endeavors to investigate the effect of technology adoption on the social changes acknowledged in the realms of Saudi Arabia in the context of the issue that has recently seen a ginormous usage of internet access, particularly in the last decade. Adopting a mixed methods approach, 300 young people aged between 18 and 30 years were sampled from two universities and one high school in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, who later took part in both questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews. The objective entailed implying that web browsing caused temporal shifting, thus making real-time social communication distanced, and revealing any changes in the traditional values/norms. The study indicates a significant shift in women's social relations in KSA, with internet usage allowing them to break traditional norms and alter cultural acceptance and social relationships.
The Insiders and the Outsiders in Short Fiction: Is the Behaviour of Women and Men Determined by Living in and Living Out?
Authors: Qayyum Abdul , Bilal Khan Muhammad , Ullah Inam
Published: September 2024

The study discusses traditional gender roles and the resulting behavior in the selected works of short fiction. These gender roles dictate that men must work outside to provide for their families while women are compelled to remain inside the house, taking care of children and doing household chores. These roles are accompanied by different stereotypical traits: Men are thought to have positive traits like rationality and bravery while women are said to possess negative traits like sentimentality and cowardice. As writers are also part of society, so we can expect to see the same gendered thinking in their creation. This research takes up five short stories and looks at the behavioral traits of male and female characters and the connection of these traits with the fact that males are outsiders and females are insiders.
Islamic Socialism and Communist Socialism: A Review of Comparative Analytical Studies
Authors: Farid Nighat , Anjum Tanveer , Farid Aisha
Published: September 2024

The paper reviews studies that compare Communist Socialism and Islamic Socialism to explore how Islamic Socialism is a viable alternative to both Communism and Capitalism. It investigates the shortcomings of Capitalism, which caused the emergence of the idea of socialism. The paper also discusses the strong endorsement of Islamic Socialism by prominent Muslim scholars to inspire confidence in its legitimacy. The analysis reveals that Islamic revival movements that arose during the era of Western political domination emphasized values shared by Islam and the rest of the world and initiated the concept of Islamic Socialism. The principles of Socialism, such as the government’s ownership of productive units and the establishment of social welfare programs, align with Islamic teachings on social justice. In Islam, Zakat serves as a form of funding for welfare programs and social services, reflecting the religion's compassion and concern for the poor.
Does Discipline Selection Based on Personal Interest Matter in Higher Education? Reflecting Students’ Perceptions
Authors: Samad Abdus , Khan Irfanullah , Hussain Mudassar
Published: September 2024

This study examines students' perceptions of self-interest-based discipline choice and its effect on educational excellence in tertiary education. The main objective was to analyze the effect of self-interest-based discipline selection on educational excellence at the BS level program. A mixed-method approach was adopted. A phenomenological design was applied for the qualitative part while a survey research design was utilized for the quantitative part. The target population consisted of BS (7th & 8th semesters) students from 10 higher education institutions (HEIs) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Word Cloud and Thematic Analysis were used for qualitative data analysis, while Pearson (r) and Linear Regression were applied as inferential statistics for the quantitative part. The findings reveal a moderate positive association between self-interest-based discipline selection and academic success. Recommendations include encouraging learners to choose discipline aligned with their self-interest instead of relying on others. Parents, teachers, and other stakeholders should respect learners' interests.
Effects of Surfactants on the Aggregation of 6,6'-Disubstituted Thiacarbocyanine Dyes in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Pronkin P. G. , Shvedova L. A. , Tatikolov A. S.
Published: September 2024

The aggregation properties of a number of 6,6'-substituted thiacarbocyanine dyes were studied by spectral-fluorescent methods: T-304, T-306, T-307, T-336 and, for comparison, thiacarbocyanine Cyan 2, which has no substituents in the 6,6'-positions, in aqueous buffer solutions and in the presence of various types of surfactants. The method of moments was used to characterize the absorption spectra (band positions, width, shape). Substituents in the 6,6'-positions significantly increase the ability of dyes T-304, T-306, T-307, T-336 to aggregation (dimerization, as well as to the formation of disordered aggregates with broad low-intensity absorption spectra). The introduction of surfactants leads to rearrangement of the spectra associated with the complex nature of the equilibria between monomers and aggregates of various structures (including surfactant molecules, if present), in particular, with a decrease in the contribution of disordered aggregates. However, the decomposition of dimeric aggregates of 6,6'-substituted cyanines is observed only at very high surfactant concentrations (~20 CMC and higher, where CMC is the critical micelle concentration). At the same time, the passing of surfactant concentrations through CMC does not significantly affect the spectral-fluorescent properties of the dyes, which is probably due to rather strong interactions of the dyes with individual surfactant molecules and premicellar associates of surfactants.
Impurity Ions Mn2+ and Fe3+ as Paired Spin Labels for the Study of Structural Transformations in Phyllosilicates by the ESR Method
Authors: Chetverikova A. G. , Berdinsky V. L. , Kanygina O. N. , Alidzhanov E. K. , Nikiyan A. N.
Published: September 2024

Impurity paramagnetic ions Mn2+ and high spin Fe3+ (S = 5/2) are shown to be very informative “paired spin labels” to investigate structural transformations in natural aluminosilicate clay minerals by ESR spectroscopy. Second derivative ESR (SD ESR) enables to detect minor narrow lines of the ions against the background of intense broad lines of other paramagnetic impurities. Complex SD ESR spectra of the ions are explained by the Jahn-Teller effect and hyperfine interactions with OH-groups. SD ESR spectra before and after heating (620°C and 900°C) proved transformations of octahedral crystal cells accompanied by the loss of the OH-groups, displacement of the ions to equivalent positions.
The Initiation Mechanism of the Isoolefin Oligomerization Reaction in the Presence of Ethylaluminum Dichloride – Protonodonor Complex Catalysts
Authors: Zaikov G. E. , Artsis M. I. , Babkin V. A. , Andreev D. S. , Ignatov A. V. , Zakharov D. S. , Vovko V. V. , Belousova V. S.
Published: September 2024

The mechanism of isoolefins initiation in the presence of ethylaluminum dichloride – proton donor (water, phenol, hydrochloric acid) complex catalysts has been studied by ab initio HF.3.21G. The energetics of these reactions was estimated, the values of its activation energy and thermal effects were obtained. It was found that among the studied catalysts, an increase in the activation energy of the reaction of initiation of oligomerization of isoolefins contributes to an increase in the selectivity of the process.
Mass Velocity Profiles for Non-Ideal Detonation of Mixtures of Nitromethane and Ammonium Perchlorate Overloaded with Aluminum. Measurements and Calculation
Authors: Ermolaev B. S. , Komissarov P. V. , Basakina S. S. , Lavrov V. V.
Published: September 2024

Earlier, by comparing the results of mathematical modeling with experimental data on the non-ideal detonation velocities of triple mixtures of nitromethane and ammonium perchlorate with aluminum excess, the rates of exothermic reactions and the consumption degree of components within the detonation wave reaction zone were determined. A quasi-one-dimensional model of steady detonation was used for calculations, in which all components have a common pressure and move with a common mass velocity, and exothermic conversion is carried out in three stages, which include decomposition of nitromethane and ammonium perchlorate and diffusion combustion of aluminum. To confirm the obtained results and the applicability of the relatively simple theoretical model, calculations of the mass velocity profile during detonation of one of the triple mixtures with 17% nitromethane have been carried out. The calculation results are in agreement with the measured mass velocity profile, concerning the shape of the profile, the amplitude and the rate of decrease of the mass velocity along the detonation reaction zone. A possible explanation of a “leaning” of the beginning portion of the mass velocity profile observed in experiments has been proposed, and an estimate of the rise time of the sensor signal is given, taking into account the calculated curvature of the shock front of the detonation wave.
Influence of Conditions for Obtaining Polylactide-Based Materials on Their Physico-Mechanical and Rheological Characteristics
Authors: Bakirova E. R. , Lazdin R. Yu. , Shurshina A. S. , Chernova V. V. , Zakharova E. M. , Kulish E. I.
Published: September 2024

The work is devoted to the study of the influence of the conditions for obtaining materials based on the synthetic polymer polylactide on their physico-mechanical and rheological characteristics. These materials are promising for the creation of biodegradable polymer implants of temporary action to maintain the mechanical properties of broken bones during the healing period. They are designed to replace the titanium fixators currently used for these purposes, which is due not only to the need for repeated surgery to extract them, but also to the fact that the strength and modulus of elasticity of titanium fixators exceed the values of bone strength indicators by an order of magnitude, which can cause the phenomenon of bone resorption and a decrease in its strength. It has been established that with an increase in temperature in the plasticization and pressing zone, as well as with an increase in pressure in the press, there is a natural decrease in the viscosity of the polylactide melt, as well as the values of the elastic modulus and breaking stress of solid samples. Varying the cooling rate of the material during the pressing process affects the degree of its crystallinity. At the same time, the lower the cooling rate, the greater the degree of crystallinity of the polylactide and the greater the values of the elastic modulus and breaking stress.
The Impact of Water on Polylactide – Polybutylene Adipinate Terephthalate Blends
Authors: Selezneva L. D. , Podzorova M. V. , Tertyshnaya Yu. V. , Romanov R. R. , Popov A. A.
Published: September 2024

Mixing in the melt followed by pressing, blends of polylactide — polybutylene adipate terephthalate of various compositions were obtained. The content of polybutylene adipate terephthalate in blends was 10, 20 and 30 wt. %. The effect of water on film samples at a temperature of 22 ± 2°C for 270 days was studied. After exposure to water, a change in morphology was detected: turbidity of the samples and the appearance of defects. The thermophysical characteristics before and after hydrolytic degradation were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. A decrease in the cold crystallization temperature in pure polylactide and with a low content of polybutylene adipate terephthalate, and the disappearance of the cold crystallization peak at a content of 20 and 30 wt. % of polybutylene adipate terephthalate were shown. The degree of crystallinity of polylactide after exposure to water tended to increase. Changes in the chemical structure of mixed samples were monitored by IR spectroscopy.
Auditory System of Blood-Sucking Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae)
Authors: Lapshin D. N.
Published: September 2024

This review comprehensively explores the morphology of the mosquito auditory organs – antennae and Johnston’s organs. Spatial and frequency characteristics of auditory sensory neurons within Johnston’s organs are discussed, as well as the mechanisms of mechanotransduction in these neurons. The review presents findings from studies investigating the aspects of mosquito perception of acoustic signals when their auditory system is subjected to vibrations generated by flapping wings. Additionally, the review discusses the significance of acoustic communication in the reproductive behavior of mosquitoes.