bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jasmonate-Elicited Stress Induces Metabolic Change in the Leaves of Leucaena leucocephala
Authors: Xu Yingchao , Tao Zhenru , Jin Yu , Chen Shuangyan , Zhou Zhongyu , Gong Amy , Yuan Yunfei , Dong Tina , Tsim Karl
Published: January 2018

The plant Leucaena leucocephala was exposed to four jasmonate elicitors, i.e., jasmonic acid (JA), methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA), jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and 6-ethyl indanoyl glycine conjugate (2-[(6-ethyl-1-oxo-indane-4-carbonyl)-amino]-acetic acid methyl ester) (CGM). The treatment was to mimic the herbivores and wounding stresses. By using NMR spectroscopy along with chemometric analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the changes of metabolites in the leaves of L. leucocephala were determined under the stress as induced by the four elicitors. The challenge of JA-Ile caused an accumulation of lactic acid (6), β-glucose (10), alanine (12), threonine (13), steroids (18), 3,4-dihydroxypyridine (19) and an unidentified compound 20. The chemometric analysis of the PCA and PLS-DA models indicated that the alternation of metabolites triggered by JA, MeJA, and CGM treatments were very minimum. In contrast, the treatment by JA-Ile could induce the most significant metabolic changes in the leaves. Moreover, there was very minimal new metabolite being detected in responding to the jasmonate-induced stresses. The results showed some metabolite concentrations changed after application of the elicitors, which may be related to a high level of tolerance to stress conditions as well as the strong ecological suitability of L. leucocephala.
Natural Dietary Pigments: Potential Mediators against Hepatic Damage Induced by Over-The-Counter Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Drugs
Authors: González-Ponce Herson , Rincón-Sánchez Ana , Jaramillo-Juárez Fernando , Moshage Han
Published: January 2018

Over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics are among the most widely prescribed and purchased drugs around the world. Most analgesics, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen, are metabolized in the liver. The hepatocytes are responsible for drug metabolism and detoxification. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are phase I enzymes expressed mainly in hepatocytes and they account for ≈75% of the metabolism of clinically used drugs and other xenobiotics. These metabolic reactions eliminate potentially toxic compounds but, paradoxically, also result in the generation of toxic or carcinogenic metabolites. Cumulative or overdoses of OTC analgesic drugs can induce acute liver failure (ALF) either directly or indirectly after their biotransformation. ALF is the result of massive death of hepatocytes induced by oxidative stress. There is an increased interest in the use of natural dietary products as nutritional supplements and/or medications to prevent or cure many diseases. The therapeutic activity of natural products may be associated with their antioxidant capacity, although additional mechanisms may also play a role (e.g., anti-inflammatory actions). Dietary antioxidants such as flavonoids, betalains and carotenoids play a preventive role against OTC analgesics-induced ALF. In this review, we will summarize the pathobiology of OTC analgesic-induced ALF and the use of natural pigments in its prevention and therapy.
Maximizing Output Power in Oscillating Water Column Wave Power Plants: An Optimization Based MPPT Algorithm
Authors: Mishra Sunil , Purwar Shubhi , Kishor Nand
Published: January 2018

This paper proposes an optimization based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for selection of appropriate external rotor resistances of wound rotor induction generator (WRIG). The generator coupled with a Wells turbine is used in oscillating water column (OWC) wave power plants. The Wells turbine suffers with stalling behaviour that reduces the average output power significantly. Hence, the objective is to prevent aerodynamic stalling of the Wells turbine and hence maximizing the output power simultaneously. But inappropriate selection of rotor resistance leads to excessive power loss. Therefore, two approaches have been applied: (i) the rotor resistance values are selected manually by trial and error method or non-optimized approach (ii) a performance index has been derived and minimized using particle swarm optimization technique to obtain the optimized values of rotor resistance. Simulation results have been performed for turbine efficiency, output power and power loss in external rotor resistance. Finally, the proposed control approach is illustrated for two particular cases of regular and irregular waves.
Phase Curves of WASP-33b and HD 149026b and a New Correlation between Phase Curve Offset and Irradiation Temperature
Authors: Zhang Michael , Knutson Heather A. , Kataria Tiffany , Schwartz Joel C. , Cowan Nicolas B. , Showman Adam P. , Burrows Adam , Fortney Jonathan J. , Todorov Kamen , Desert Jean-Michel , Agol Eric , Deming Drake
Published: January 2018

We present new 3.6 and 4.5 μm Spitzer phase curves for the highly irradiated hot Jupiter WASP-33b and the unusually dense Saturn-mass planet HD 149026b. As part of this analysis, we develop a new variant of pixel-level decorrelation that is effective at removing intrapixel sensitivity variations for long observations (>10 hr) where the position of the star can vary by a significant fraction of a pixel. Using this algorithm, we measure eclipse depths, phase amplitudes, and phase offsets for both planets at 3.6 and 4.5 μm. We use a simple toy model to show that WASP-33b’s phase offset, albedo, and heat recirculation efficiency are largely similar to those of other hot Jupiters despite its very high irradiation. On the other hand, our fits for HD 149026b prefer a very high albedo. We also compare our results to predictions from general circulation models, and we find that while neither planet matches the models well, the discrepancies for HD 149026b are especially large. We speculate that this may be related to its high bulk metallicity, which could lead to enhanced atmospheric opacities and the formation of reflective cloud layers in localized regions of the atmosphere. We then place these two planets in a broader context by exploring relationships between the temperatures, albedos, heat transport efficiencies, and phase offsets of all planets with published thermal phase curves. We find a striking relationship between phase offset and irradiation temperature: the former drops with increasing temperature until around 3400 K and rises thereafter. Although some aspects of this trend are mirrored in the circulation models, there are notable differences that provide important clues for future modeling efforts.
Metal Abundances of KISS Galaxies. VI. New Metallicity Relations for the KISS Sample of Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Hirschauer Alec S. , Salzer John J. , Janowiecki Steven , Wegner Gary A.
Published: January 2018

We present updated metallicity relations for the spectral database of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) found in the KPNO International Spectroscopic Survey (KISS). New spectral observations of emission-line galaxies obtained from a variety of telescope facilities provide oxygen abundance information. A nearly fourfold increase in the number of KISS objects with robust metallicities relative to our previous analysis provides for an empirical abundance calibration to compute self-consistent metallicity estimates for all SFGs in the sample with adequate spectral data. In addition, a sophisticated spectral energy distribution fitting routine has provided robust calculations of stellar mass. With these new and/or improved galaxy characteristics, we have developed luminosity–metallicity (L–Z) relations, mass–metallicity (M
*–Z) relations, and the so-called fundamental metallicity relation (FMR) for over 1450 galaxies from the KISS sample. This KISS M
*–Z relation is presented for the first time and demonstrates markedly lower scatter than the KISS L–Z relation. We find that our relations agree reasonably well with previous publications, modulo modest offsets due to differences in the strong emission line metallicity calibrations used. We illustrate an important bias present in previous L–Z and M
*–Z studies involving direct-method (T

e
) abundances that may result in systematically lower slopes in these relations. Our KISS FMR shows consistency with those found in the literature, albeit with a larger scatter. This is likely a consequence of the KISS sample being biased toward galaxies with high levels of activity.
2MASS J11151597+1937266: A Young, Dusty, Isolated, Planetary-mass Object with a Potential Wide Stellar Companion
Authors: Theissen Christopher A. , Burgasser Adam J. , Gagliuffi Daniella C. Bardalez , Hardegree-Ullman Kevin K. , Gagné Jonathan , Schmidt Sarah J. , West Andrew A.
Published: January 2018

We present 2MASS J11151597+1937266, a recently identified low-surface-gravity L dwarf, classified as an L2γ based on Sloan Digital Sky Survey optical spectroscopy. We confirm this spectral type with near-infrared spectroscopy, which provides further evidence that 2MASS J11151597+1937266 is a low-surface-gravity L dwarf. This object also shows significant excess mid-infrared flux, indicative of circumstellar material; and its strong Hα emission (EWHα
= 560 ± 82 Å) is an indicator of enhanced magnetic activity or weak accretion. Comparison of its spectral energy distribution to model photospheres yields an effective temperature of

. We also provide a revised distance estimate of 37 ± 6 pc using a spectral type–luminosity relationship for low-surface-gravity objects. The three-dimensional galactic velocities and positions of 2MASS J11151597+1937266 do not match any known young association or moving group. Assuming a probable age in the range of 5–45 Myr, the model-dependent estimated mass of this object is between 7 and 21 M
Jup, making it a potentially isolated planetary-mass object. We also identify a candidate co-moving, young stellar companion, 2MASS J11131089+2110086.
The Physics of Protoplanetary Dust Agglomerates. X. High-velocity Collisions between Small and Large Dust Agglomerates as a Growth Barrier
Authors: Schräpler Rainer , Blum Jürgen , Krijt Sebastiaan , Raabe Jan-Hendrik
Published: January 2018

In a protoplanetary disk, dust aggregates in the μm to mm size range possess mean collision velocities of 10–60 m s−1 with respect to dm- to m-sized bodies. We performed laboratory collision experiments to explore this parameter regime and found a size- and velocity-dependent threshold between erosion and growth. By using a local Monte Carlo coagulation calculation and along with a simple semi-analytical timescale approach, we show that erosion considerably limits particle growth in protoplanetary disks and leads to a steady-state dust-size distribution from μm- to dm-sized particles.
Extreme Value Theory Applied to the Millennial Sunspot Number Series
Authors: Acero F. J. , Gallego M. C. , García J. A. , Usoskin I. G. , Vaquero J. M.
Published: January 2018

In this work, we use two decadal sunspot number series reconstructed from cosmogenic radionuclide data (14C in tree trunks, SN 14C, and 10Be in polar ice, SN 10Be) and the extreme value theory to study variability of solar activity during the last nine millennia. The peaks-over-threshold technique was used to compute, in particular, the shape parameter of the generalized Pareto distribution for different thresholds. Its negative value implies an upper bound of the extreme SN 10Be and SN 14C timeseries. The return level for 1000 and 10,000 years were estimated leading to values lower than the maximum observed values, expected for the 1000 year, but not for the 10,000 year return levels, for both series. A comparison of these results with those obtained using the observed sunspot numbers from telescopic observations during the last four centuries suggests that the main characteristics of solar activity have already been recorded in the telescopic period (from 1610 to nowadays) which covers the full range of solar variability from a Grand minimum to a Grand maximum.
Du paysage au bien-être : la puissance d’agir des habitants. Le cas des grands projets d’équipement (et de leurs concertations officielles)
Authors: Faburel Guillaume
Published: January 2018

Le désir de bien-être caractériserait ce jour une demande sociale croissante. Ce désir est toutefois fréquemment compris comme le produit d’une sensation personnelle ou d’un sentiment individuel, particulièrement lorsque des habitants l’invoquent à l’occasion des concertations officielles accompagnant tout grand projet d’équipement. Une enquête par entretien ouvert et par groupe de discussion a été menée dans trois communes périurbaines ou rurales, directement concernées en 2011 et 2012 par deux projets de Lignes à Grande Vitesse. Il en ressort que le bien-être est d’abord un véhicule de communs territorialisés, dans lesquels les expériences paysagères et les valeurs dont elles seraient porteuses jouent un rôle premier, au point, dès lors, d’augmenter la puissance d’agir des habitants… par les affects. Nous ouvrons alors le débat sur la construction plus dialogique des savoirs et outils paysagers, et notamment les cartographies proposées par les porteurs de projets et leurs maîtrises d’ouvrage.
Los libros de caza medievales y su interés para la historia natural
Authors: Fradejas Rueda José Manuel
Published: January 2018

En la introducción se expondrán los tres tipos básicos de caza: defensiva, ofensiva y lúdica. Esta es la que desde antiguo ha sido codificada y registrada en los libros de caza, un género que nace en Grecia y que durante el período grecolatino tiene un mínimo cultivo. Será en la Edad Media cuando el género tenga un mayor desarrollo y surgirá un nuevo tipo de tratado: el de cetrería, un subgénero netamente medieval y que sucumbirá con la aparición de las armas de fuego. Tanto los libros de montería como de cetrería son una interesante fuente de información sobre el medio natural parcamente explorada, máxime cuando dos tratados medievales castellanos, escritos en la primera mitad del siglo XIV, el Libro de la caza de don Juan Manuel y el Libro de montería del rey Alfonso, se cierran con sendas guías de caza en las que se describen, a veces escuetamente a veces minuciosamente, los territorios en los que se podía cazar, en qué época y qué especies eran las más abundantes, e incluso, en el caso de la montería, cómo se debían de disponer las partidas de caza.
La caza vs. la cría de ungulados cinegéticos: la producción de naturaleza como respuesta a las exigencias de la sociedad occidental del siglo XXI
Authors: Corell Alcantarilla Pedro
Published: January 2018

En este último siglo, ha quedado demostrado que, al menos en los países desarrollados, los espacios reservados para la práctica de la caza deportiva son los que han llegado hasta nosotros en las mejores condiciones de conservación, fundamentalmente gracias a la voluntad de propietarios y gobernantes que han deseado preservarlos de otras actividades humanas. Pero con una población mundial en continuo crecimiento y acontecimientos como el land grabbing, la sensibilización ecológica de la sociedad urbanita, la radicalización de la fractura económica de la sociedad y el abandono rural, entre otros, quizás estemos obligados a replantearnos el papel de la actividad cinegética. Quizás haya llegado el momento de que el mantenimiento de los espacios cinegéticos necesite ser rentable por sí mismo, para cualquier persona que quiera vivir y trabajar en ellos, en lugar de depender de la buena voluntad de algunos. Y quizás la producción de naturaleza pase a ser un negocio necesario.
Lighting as a Compensatory Strategy for Acquired Visual Deficits After Stroke: Two Case Reports
Authors: Green Matthew , Barstow Beth , Vogtle Laura
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this article was to explore the effects of enhanced lighting on the function of people with an acquired visual deficit resulting from cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF).

METHOD. An ABAB design was used with two cases to assess how a short-term intervention involving lighting changes affected clients’ grooming performance in an IRF. Analysis consisted of scores on the grooming section of the FIM®, times for each grooming task, and light meter readings.

RESULTS. Both participants demonstrated improvements in function as measured by the FIM and in time to complete grooming tasks with enhanced lighting.

CONCLUSION. These results suggest that individualized lighting can lead to improved grooming function in clients with CVA.
Impact of an Activity-Based Program on Health, Quality of Life, and Occupational Performance of Women Diagnosed With Cancer
Authors: Maher Colleen , Mendonca Rochelle J.
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE. We evaluated the impact of a 1-wk activity program on the health, quality of life (QOL), and occupational performance of community-living women diagnosed with cancer.

METHOD. A one-group pretest–posttest repeated-measures design was used. Participants completed a functional health measure (36-Item Short Form Health Survey [SF–36]), a QOL measure (World Health Organization Quality of Life–Brief version [WHOQOL–BREF]), and an occupational performance and satisfaction measure (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure [COPM]) before and 6 wk after program completion. The COPM was also administered on Day 5.

RESULTS. Paired t tests for the SF–36 and WHOQOL–BREF showed no significant differences, except for the WHOQOL–BREF’s Social Relationships subscale (p < .008). Repeated-measures analyses of variance showed a significant difference in COPM performance and satisfaction scores (p < .001).

CONCLUSION. The activity program effectively improved occupational performance and satisfaction and social relationships of community-living women diagnosed with cancer.
Development of an Item Pool Reflecting Cognitive Concerns Expressed by People With HIV
Authors: Askari Sorayya , Fellows Lesley , Brouillette Marie-Josée , Moriello Carolina , Duracinsky Martin , Mayo Nancy E.
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE. The overall aim of this study is to create an item pool reflecting the cognitive concerns expressed by people with HIV as a first step toward developing such a measure.

METHOD. Semiqualitative interviews with 292 people with HIV were carried out. Their concerns were mapped to neurocognitive domains to identify concern content areas and were compared with existing cognitive questionnaires. A questionnaire was developed to estimate the prevalence and importance of the items.

RESULTS. Sixty of 125 items were retained in the questionnaire based on ratings of their prevalence, importance, and clarity. Memory and behavioral and emotional concerns were the most common content areas (15 each); other domains were attention (7), executive function (6), language (5), and cognitive change (12).

CONCLUSION. People living with HIV experience difficulties in all domains of cognition. By recognizing all domains, this new measure can help clinicians better understand areas of perceived cognitive difficulty and plan interventions accordingly.
Television Drama in Israel Identities in Post-TV Culture
Authors: Harlap Itay
Published: January 2018

Israeli television, currently celebrating fifty years of broadcasting, has become one of the most important content sources on the international TV drama market, when serials such as Homeland, Hostages, Fauda, Zaguory Empire and In Treatment were bought by international networks, HBO included. Offering both a textual reading and discourse analysis of contemporary Israeli television dramas, Itay Harlap adopts a case study approach in order to address production, reception and technological developments in its accounts. His premise is that the meeting point between social trends within Israeli society (primarily the rise of opposition groups to the hegemony of the Zionist-Jewish-masculine-Ashkenazi ideologies) and major changes in the medium in Israel (which are comparable to international changes that have been titled “post-TV”), led to the creation of television dramas characterized by controversial themes and complex narratives, which present identities in ways never seen before on television or in other Israeli mediums.
Evaluation of electromotive force in interplanetary space
Authors: Narita Yasuhito , Vörös Zoltán
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Electromotive force plays a central role in the turbulent dynamo mechanism and carries important information on the nature of the turbulent fields. In this study, an analysis method is developed for the electromotive force and the transport coefficients such as those for the α effect (coefficient α) and the turbulent diffusivity (coefficient β). The method is applied to a magnetic cloud event observed by the Helios 2 spacecraft in the inner heliosphere. The electromotive force is enhanced together with the magnetic cloud event by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude, suggesting that the magnetic field can locally be amplified in the heliosphere, presumably for a short time.
Numerical Model and Forecasting Potential of Aircraft Weather Hazards over Kenya
Authors: Jagero Francis
Published: January 2018

The study investigated the forecasting potential of aircraft weather hazards over Kenya using numerical model. The various causes of accidents/incidents were identified using analyzed investigated weather-related aviation hazards data obtained from Kenya Civil Aviation Authority database system from 2008 through 2014. The parameters analyzed included the Winds, Temperature, Relative humidity, Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE), Lifted Index (LI) and Dew Point Temperature. Their combined effect was able to provide the means of identifying the areas of strong convection. The model was run on a grid point distance resolution of 10 km and runs finite differencing scheme, based on Taylor series. Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS) which is embedded on the model upon installation, was used as the default post processing tool. Key findings revealed that Wind, Fog, Turbulence, Heavy rain showers, and low ceiling influenced aircraft operations. It was shown that the majority of the hazards were linked with cumulonimbus clouds. Landing phase of flight affected aviation most.
Possible Influence of Solar Activity on Global Volcanicity
Authors: Ma Lihua , Yin Zhiqiang , Han Yanben
Published: January 2018

Solar activity has been found to be strongly correlated with some geophysical processes on the Earth system. In the present paper, using global dust veil index of volcanic eruptions and sunspot numbers indicating solar activity, the authors investigate the possible influence of solar activity on global volcanicity during 1700–1995. Results of wavelet analysis indicate that variations of global volcanicity have remarkable temporal characteristics, and it is high related to solar activity on about 11-year cycle, with exceeding the 5% statistical significance level against red noise.
Early Assessment of Mental Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and other Neurodevelopmental Disorders – Sharing of Clinical Experience
Authors: Manolova H. , Staykova S. , Hristova M. , Terziev D. , Markova G.
Published: January 2018

The authors present a synthesised review of the methods for assessing mental development and autism, with an emphasis on the general tendency to reduce the age of diagnosis. Based on clinical experience, a number of particularities are described in terms of: testing, working with parents, observing and reflecting on the nature and meaning of autistic behaviours. On focus is a toolkit for detailed assessment of mental development that was elaborated within the inter-university cooperation between Sofia Medical University and Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) - Belgium. Illustrated and discussed are typical profiles of cognitive and socio-communicative functioning of children with ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders, which help a differential diagnosis to be made by the multidisciplinary clinical team. Further described are the advantages of early assessment of mental development as a basis for future educational and therapeutic programs.
Atenuación, género e intensificación en la perspectiva mediática del discurso político. El compromiso de castidad entre los adolescentes de Nuevo León, México (2011)
Authors: Zárate Griselda , Estrada Olga Nelly
Published: January 2018

Este trabajo analiza los artículos «Promueve alcalde ‘contrato de castidad’ entre jóvenes para evitar embarazos», de Luciano Campos Garza, publicado en Proceso, 28 de octubre de 2011, y «Campaña de valores electorales», de Felipe Díaz Garza, aparecido en El Norte, 31 de octubre de 2011, en relación a la declaración de Jaime Rodríguez Calderón, alcalde en turno de García, Nuevo León, México. Se estudian las estrategias pragmáticas de atenuación e intensificación en la argumentación (Zárate, 2012; 2015; Toulmin, Rieke & Janik, 1979; Gilbert, 1997), y las posibles relaciones entre evidencialidad y epistemicidad (de Haan, 1999), y los mecanismos de control discursivos (Foucault, 2008). En este sentido, a manera de ejemplo pueden mencionarse el uso de estrategias pragmáticas de intensificación y el modo de argumentación emocional en el primer texto, al decir: «Alarmado por el incremento de embarazos entre adolescentes, el alcalde de García, Jaime Rodríguez Calderón, promueve entre los jóvenes una singular campaña de planificación demográfica: la firma voluntaria de un ‘compromiso de castidad’» (Campos, 2011). Los marcadores «alarmado», «singular», así como «’compromiso de castidad'» expresan un alto grado de emotividad argumentativa, al tiempo que cuestionan la campaña política del alcalde desde una postura mediática de poder. El análisis incluye una perspectiva teórica de género (Lamas, 2000; Lagarde, 2012), los roles y estereotipos sociales en el discurso del sistema sexo-género, la sexualidad y su deber ser (Estrada, 2012), la violencia simbólica a través de los mandatos culturales y sociales (Bourdieu, 1998).
Atenuación, género e intensificación en el discurso político: las reacciones mediáticas del caso de una legisladora de Nuevo León, México (2015)
Authors: Estrada Olga Nelly , Zárate Griselda
Published: January 2018

El presente estudio constituye un primer acercamiento al análisis del fenómeno pragmático de la atenuación e intensificación en la argumentación (Zárate, 2015; Toulmin, Rieke y Janik, 1979; Gilbert, 1997) y también a las posibles relaciones entre evidencialidad y epistemicidad (De Haan, 1999), presentes en el discurso político y de género (Estrada, 2012) en el entendido que todo acto de habla implica una amenaza, por ende, un acto de poder (Briz, 2001), aplicado al caso de una legisladora que rompe con el protocolo dentro de la Cámara de Diputados en el último informe del gobernador al mostrar una pancarta que dice «No pasaran [sic] las cuentas mochas» (Benvenutti, 2015). Se presentan las reacciones mediáticas en dos artículos, en la revista Proceso y el periódico El Norte, así como la réplica que hizo la diputada en las redes sociales para defender su cargo como legisladora el 28 de septiembre 2015.
Atenuadores e intensificadores en las peticiones de chinos y españoles: propuesta de estudio
Authors: Querol Bataller María
Published: January 2018

Todavi?a son escasas las investigaciones de pragma?tica intercultural que abordan expli?citamente las diferencias, o similitudes, entre los usos pragma?ticos y comunicativos del chino y del espan?ol. Este hecho motiva la realización de interpretaciones de forma indirecta a trave?s de los estudios realizados en relacio?n a otras lenguas, en los que no siempre las variables consideradas son ide?nticas. La investigacio?n en la que se incluye este trabajo trata de paliar dicha carencia. No obstante, en este marco reducido se tratara? especi?ficamente el siguiente aspecto: el uso de atenuadores e intensificadores por parte de chinos y espan?oles en las peticiones. Para ello adoptamos la metodologi?a que inicialmente proponen Blum-Kulka y otros (1989), por tanto, el instrumento utilizado fue a Discourse Completion Test. Por otra parte, la no?mina de recursos valorados en el ana?lisis de los corpus atiende, por una parte, a la idiosincrasia de las lenguas objeto de estudio y, por otra parte, a las realizaciones concretas que realizaron los informantes. En consecuencia, en el ana?lisis del corpus espan?ol se tomo? como referencia la no?mina de recursos atenuadores recogidos en Albelda y Cestero (2011) y Cestero y Albelda (2012); y para el ana?lisis del corpus chino los recogidos en Blum-Kulka y otros (1989) y Zhang (1995a). Con respecto a los intensificadores, para el ana?lisis del corpus espan?ol se tomo? como referencia la propuesta de Albelda (2007), y para el ana?lisis del corpus chino fueron los recursos recogidos en Blum-Kulka y otros (1989) y Zhang (1995a) los considerados.
Intersección entre la evidencialidad y la atenuación: el pretérito imperfecto evidencial y el futuro narrativo
Authors: Hassler Gerda
Published: January 2018

Además de los recursos lexicales que se encuentran parcialmente de camino a la pragmaticalización, la atenuación como un fenómeno pragmático-discursivo puede realizarse mediante formas verbales del indicativo, las mismas que pueden utilizarse sin su valor temporal prototípico. El pretérito imperfecto asume la función de un marcador evidencial, sobre todo, en textos periodísticos, para indicar que la información procede de una tercera fuente. De esta manera el locutor se distancia de sus enunciados y realiza simultáneamente una atenuación del contenido proposicional. Esta función del pretérito imperfecto se explica por la aspectualidad imperfectiva que conduce a la modalidad debido a su indeterminación semántica. Es más infrecuente, en español, el uso del futuro narrativo que denomina situaciones pasadas tomando en cuenta el momento de habla, pero también situaciones venideras desde un momento en el pasado, presupuesto por el locutor. Se estudiará el valor evidencial de estas dos formas verbales y su papel en la atenuación.
Age is just a number
Authors: Beltrán-Sánchez Hiram , Finch Caleb
Published: January 2018

The naked mole rat defies the Gompertz law and shows no sign of increased mortality risk as it gets older.
Effects of Bentonite Activation Methods on Chitosan Loading Capacity
Authors: Yu Tao , Qu Chengtun , Fan Daidi , Xu Renjun
Published: January 2018

The adsorption capacity of bentonite clay for heavy metal removal from wastewater can be significantly enhanced by a high loading of chitosan on the surface. In order to enhance the chitosan loading, we tested activating bentonite clay by three methods prior to chitosan loading: sulfuric acid, calcination, and microwave treatments. Meanwhile, several parameters during chitosan loading, namely the initial chitosan concentration, stirring speed, reaction time, temperature, and pH value were investigated. Our results indicate that chitosan is attached to bentonite clay through intercalation and surface adsorption according to X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Eelectron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The maximum chitosan loading on 200-mesh raw bentonite clay (126.30 mg/L) was achieved under the following conditions: the initial chitosan concentration of 1000 mg/L, the stirring speed of 200 rpm, pH of 4.9, 60 min of reaction time, and temperature of 30 °C. The chitosan loading was further increased to 256.30, 233.70, and 208.83 mg/g, when using bentonite clay activated through 6 min of microwave irradiation (800 W), 10 % sulfuric acid treatment, and calcinations at 600 °C, respectively. When the chitosan loading was increased from 34.76 to 233.7 mg/g, the removal percentages of Cu(II), Cr(VI), and Pb(II) were improved, respectively from 78.90 to 95.5 %, from 82.22 to 98.74 %, from 60.09 to 86.18 %.
Syngas Production from Catalytic CO2 Reforming of CH4 over CaFe2O4 Supported Ni and Co Catalysts: Full Factorial Design Screening
Authors: Hossain M. Anwar , Ayodele Bamidele Victor , Cheng Chin Kui , Khan Maksudur R
Published: January 2018

In this study, the potential of dry reforming reaction over CaFe2O4 supported Ni and Co catalysts were investigated. The Co/CaFe2O4 and Ni/CaFe2O4 catalysts were synthesized using wet impregnation method by varying the metal loading from 5-15 %. The synthesized catalysts were tested in methane dry reforming reaction at atmospheric pressure and reaction temperature ranged 700-800 oC. The catalytic performance of the catalysts based on the initial screening is ranked as 5%Co/CaFe2O4 < 10%Co/CaFe2O4 < 5%Ni/CaFe2O4 < 10%Ni/CaFe2O4 according to their performance. The Ni/CaFe2O4 catalyst was selected for further investigation using full factorial design of experiment. The interaction effects of three factors namely metal loading (5-15 %), feed ratio (0.4-1.0), and reaction temperature (700-800 oC) were evaluated on the catalytic activity in terms of CH4 and CO2 conversion as well as H2 and CO yield. The interaction between the factors showed significant effects on the catalyst performance at metal loading, feed ratio and reaction temperature of 15 %, 1.0, and 800 oC. respectively. The 15 wt% Ni/CaFe2O4 was subsequently characterized by Thermogravimetric (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), N2-physisorption, Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD)-NH3, TPD-CO2, and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) to ascertain its physiochemical properties.  This study demonstrated that the CaFe2O4 supported Ni catalyst has a good potential to be used for syngas production via methane dry reforming.
Preparation of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Materials from Monosodium Glutamate and Application in Reduction of p-Nitrophenol
Authors: Cai Ke-ying , Zhou Ying Mei , Wang Peng , Li Huan , Li Yan , Tao Wei
Published: January 2018

Nitrogen-doped carbons (NCs) as supports for metal catalysts used in heterogeneous reactions are increasingly being investigated. In this work, NCs were prepared from monosodium glutamate (MSG) by direct carbonization, which were used as supporters to prepare Bi/NC catalysts. The Bi/NC catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and nitrogen adsorption isotherm. The results indicate that nitrogen was doped in the formation of pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, and graphitic N. The NCs possess high surface area (~652 m2/g) and uniform mesopore size (~2.11 nm). Bismuth nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed uniformly in NC with diameter of 10-20 nm. The catalytic performances were investigated using the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) with excess potassium borohydride as a model reaction, the results indicating that the Bi/NC catalysts have higher activity and better reusability than the Bi/AC catalyst. Under the following conditions: 100 mL of 4-NP (2 mM), 0.03 g of 3%Bi/NC, n(KBH4) : n(4-NP) = 40:1, and at room temperature, the rate constant k can reach 0.31 min-1.
Zn-Mo/HZSM-5 Catalyst for Gasoil Range Hydrocarbon Production by Catalytic Hydrocracking of Ceiba pentandra oil
Authors: Mirzayanti Yustia Wulandari , Kurniawansyah Firman , Prayitno Danawati Hari , Roesyadi Achmad
Published: January 2018

Biofuel from vegetable oil becomes one of the most suitable and logical alternatives to replace fossil fuel. The research focused on various metal ratio Zinc/Molybdenum/HZSM-5 (Zn-Mo/HZSM-5) catalyst to produce liquid hydrocarbon via catalytic hydrocracking of Ceiba penandra oil. The catalytic hydrocracking process has been applied in this study to crack Ceiba pentandra oil into a gasoil range hydrocarbon using Zn-Mo/HZSM-5 as a catalyst. The effect of various reaction temperature on the catalytic hydrocracking of Ceiba pentandra oil were studied. The Zn-Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst with metal ratio was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. This process used slurry pressure batch reactor with a mechanical stirrer. A series of experiments were carried out in the temperature range from 300-400 oC for 2 h at pressure between 10-15 bar. The conversion and selectivity were estimated. The liquid hydrocarbon product were identified to gasoline, kerosene, and gas oil. The results show that the use of Zn-Mo/HZSM-5 can produce gas oil as the most component in the product. Overall, the highest conversion and selectivity of gas oil range hydrocarbon was obtained when the ZnMo/HZSM-5 metal ratio was Zn(2.86 wt.%)-Mo(5.32 wt.%)/HZSM-5 and the name is Zn-Mo/HZSM-5_102. The highest conversion was obtained at 63.31 % and n-paraffin (gas oil range) selectivity was obtained at 90.75 % at a temperature of 400 oC. Ceiba pentandra oil can be recommended as the source of inedible vegetable oil to produce gasoil as an environmentally friendly transportation fuel.
Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity of A New Mn(II) Complex with 1,4-Phenylenediacetic Acid and 1,10-Phenanthroline
Authors: Wang Li Hua , Li Peng Fei
Published: January 2018

A new Mn(II) complex material has been synthesized by one-pot reaction of Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O, 1,4-phenylenediacetic (H2L), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), and NaOH in water/ethanol (v:v = 1:1) solution. The structure of Mn(II) complex was determined by elemental analysis, FTIR, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. The results reveal that Mn(II) complex was constructed by a monodentate 1,4-phenylenediacetate ligand, two phen ligands, a coordinated water molecule, 0.5 uncoordinated 1,4-phenylenediacetate ligand and six uncoordinated water molecules. The complex molecules form 1D chain structure by the π-π interaction of phen molecules. The catalytic activity of Mn(II) complex for coupling of benzaldehyde, phenylacetylene and piperidine in 1,4-dioxane has also been  investigated  and the maximum yield of propargylamine is up to 72.2 % after 12 h at 120 oC.
E3 ubiquitin ligases Cbl‐b and c‐Cbl downregulate PD‐L1 in EGFR wild‐type non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Shuo , Xu Ling , Che Xiaofang , Li Ce , Xu Lu , Hou Kezuo , Fan Yibo , Wen Ti , Qu Xiujuan , Liu Yunpeng
Published: January 2018

Anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapies have demonstrated prominent clinical effects in the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, limited understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of PD‐L1 has become one of the biggest challenges for further improving efficacy. In this study, we observed that in wild‐type EFGR cell lines A549 and H460, the ubiquitin ligases Cbl‐b and c‐Cbl inhibit PD‐L1 by inactivating STAT, AKT, and ERK signaling. MiR‐181a and miR‐940 were screened and validated to target Cbl‐b and c‐Cbl, respectively. Furthermore, in NSCLC tissues, the expression of Cbl‐b/c‐Cbl is negatively correlated with PD‐L1 expression. Taken together, these findings indicated a new regulatory mechanism for PD‐L1 in wild‐type EGFR NSCLC cell lines by Cbl‐b and c‐Cbl.
Tropomyosin isoforms have specific effects on the transcriptome of undifferentiated and differentiated B35 neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Stefen Holly , Suchowerska Alexandra Kalyna , Chen Bei Jun , Brettle Merryn , Kuschelewski Jennifer , Gunning Peter William , Janitz Michael , Fath Thomas
Published: January 2018

Tropomyosins, a family of actin‐associated proteins, bestow actin filaments with distinct biochemical and physical properties which are important for determining cell shape and regulating many cellular processes in eukaryotic cells. Here, we used RNA‐seq to investigate the effect of four tropomyosin isoforms on gene expression in undifferentiated and differentiated rat B35 neuroblastoma cells. In undifferentiated cells, overexpression of tropomyosin isoforms Tpm1.12, Tpm2.1, Tpm3.1, and Tpm4.2 differentially regulates a vast number of genes, clustering into several gene ontology terms. In differentiated cells, tropomyosin overexpression exerts a much weaker influence on overall gene expression. Our findings are particularly compelling because they demonstrate that tropomyosin‐dependent changes are attenuated once the cells are induced to follow a defined path of differentiation.

Database

Sequence data for public availability are deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive under the accession number PRJEB24136.
Ligand complex structures of l‐amino acid oxidase/monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. AIU 813 and its conformational change
Authors: Im Dohyun , Matsui Daisuke , Arakawa Takatoshi , Isobe Kimiyasu , Asano Yasuhisa , Fushinobu Shinya
Published: January 2018

l‐Amino acid oxidase/monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. AIU 813 (l‐AAO/MOG) catalyzes both the oxidative deamination and oxidative decarboxylation of the α‐group of l‐Lys to produce a keto acid and amide, respectively. l‐AAO/MOG exhibits limited specificity for l‐amino acid substrates with a basic side chain. We previously determined its ligand‐free crystal structure and identified a key residue for maintaining the dual activities. Here, we determined the structures of l‐AAO/MOG complexed with l‐Lys, l‐ornithine, and l‐Arg and revealed its substrate recognition. Asp238 is located at the ceiling of a long hydrophobic pocket and forms a strong interaction with the terminal, positively charged group of the substrates. A mutational analysis on the D238A mutant indicated that the interaction is critical for substrate binding but not for catalytic control between the oxidase/monooxygenase activities. The catalytic activities of the D238E mutant unexpectedly increased, while the D238F mutant exhibited altered substrate specificity to long hydrophobic substrates. In the ligand‐free structure, there are two channels connecting the active site and solvent, and a short region located at the dimer interface is disordered. In the l‐Lys complex structure, a loop region is displaced to plug the channels. Moreover, the disordered region in the ligand‐free structure forms a short helix in the substrate complex structures and creates the second binding site for the substrate. It is assumed that the amino acid substrate enters the active site of l‐AAO/MOG through this route.

Database

The atomic coordinates and structure factors (codes 5YB6, 5YB7, and 5YB8) have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (http://wwpdb.org/).

EC numbers

1.4.3.2 (l‐amino acid oxidase), 1.13.12.2 (lysine 2‐monooxygenase).
Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Hollow Nanoparticles Suppress Oxidative Stress and Repair Damaged Tissues for Treatment of Hepatic Fibrosis
Authors: Hayashi Koichiro , Maruhashi Takuma , Sakamoto Wataru , Yogo Toshinobu
Published: January 2018

Current therapeutic options for the treatment of liver fibrosis are limited, and transplantation is often the only effective option for end‐stage fibrotic diseases. To overcome this problem, a nanoparticle‐based treatment as an alternative to transplantation is developed. Multifunctional organic–inorganic hybrid hollow nanoparticles (HNPs) containing silibinin are synthesized by mixing precursors in ammonia water at 60 °C for 1 min. The HNPs are mainly composed of siloxanes and disulfides and have surface thiols. The disulfides are cleaved by intracellular glutathione and reduced to thiols, leading to the deformation of the HNPs. Silibinin molecules are released through the cracks formed by HNP deformation. Furthermore, the HNPs suppress the generation of hydroxyl radicals, a major cause of liver fibrosis, via sulfenylation reactions of HNP thiols. Retinol‐modified HNPs target Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells, which are essential for hepatic fibrogenesis. The combined suppression of hydroxyl radical generation and release of silibinin using the HNPs decreases the proportion of fibrotic tissues and improves hepatic function. The therapeutic efficacy is greater than can be achieved by the suppression of hydroxyl radical generation alone and the injection of silibinin alone. Thus, HNPs are promising for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Crystallographic Orientation Dependent Reactive Ion Etching in Single Crystal Diamond
Authors: Xie Ling , Zhou Tony X. , Stöhr Rainer J. , Yacoby Amir
Published: January 2018

Sculpturing desired shapes in single crystal diamond is ever more crucial in the realization of complex devices for nanophotonics, quantum computing, and quantum optics. The crystallographic orientation dependent wet etch of single crystalline silicon in potassium hydroxide (KOH) allows a range of shapes to be formed and has significant impacts on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and microfluidics. Here, a crystal direction dependent dry etching principle in an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etcher is presented, which selectively reveals desired crystal planes in monocrystalline diamond by controlling the etching conditions. Using this principle, monolithic diamond nanopillars for magnetometry using nitrogen vacancy centers are fabricated. In these nanopillars, a half‐tapering angle up to 21° is achieved, the highest angle reported in the literature, which leads to a high photon efficiency and high mechanical strength of the nanopillar. These results represent the first demonstration of a crystallographic orientation dependent reactive ion etching principle, which opens a new window for shaping specific nanostructures which is at the heart of nanotechnology. It is believed that this principle will prove to be valuable for the structuring and patterning of other single crystal materials as well.
Rational Design of Fe1−xS/Fe3O4/Nitrogen and Sulfur‐Doped Porous Carbon with Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalytic Activity
Authors: Zhang Juewen , Xu Dan , Wang Cancan , Guo Jiangna , Yan Feng
Published: January 2018

In this paper, the rational design of Fe‐N‐, Fe‐S‐, and Fe‐N‐S‐based model catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), developed using task‐specific hypercrosslinked polymers as precursors is presented. Based on the model catalysts, atom‐induced differences in ORR performance are carefully examined. In the S‐doped carbons, Fe1−xS forms the metal nanoparticles, while the N sourced together with FeCl3 ensures the uniform distribution of Fe3O4. Obtained results indicate that N/Fe3O4 acts as the higher catalytic active site, whereas the S/Fe1−xS deteriorates the ORR catalytic activity. However, due to the synergistic effect between Fe1−xS /Fe3O4 and N, the S‐doped carbons can substantially enhance the ORR performance. Hence, this work provides guidance for the efficient design of Fe‐N‐S‐based catalysts for ORR.
Periodic Planar‐Homeotropic Anchoring Realized by Photoalignment for Stabilization of Chiral Superstructures
Authors: Nys Inge , Chen Ke , Beeckman Jeroen , Neyts Kristiaan
Published: January 2018

Self‐organization of chiral superstructures in liquid crystal (LC) materials is a powerful tool in developing functional devices based on soft matter. The control and manipulation of the helical axis orientation in chiral nematic liquid crystals are currently attracting significant attention, but are hindered by limited control over the anchoring at the interfaces. The development of new alignment techniques with local control over polar and azimuthal anchoring can open up a wide range of possibilities. Here a new photoalignment process based on a mixture of photosensitive azo compounds and homeotropic alignment materials is developed and demonstrated. The alignment of the LC director near the surface depends on both intensity and polarization of the UV illumination. By two‐beam interference UV illumination, periodic stripes of planar and homeotropic anchoring are realized. In addition it is demonstrated that the stripes of planar and homeotropic anchoring stabilize and align cholesteric fingers in cells with thickness smaller than the pitch. The 2D director configuration in the cholesteric fingers is identified by matching the experimental observations with numerical simulations based on finite element Q‐tensor calculations.