bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coordinated power control strategy of voltage source converter‐based multiterminal high‐voltage direct current based on the voltage‐current curve
Authors: Lin Sheng , Mu Dalin , Wang Liang , Liu Lei
Published: February 2019

To achieve power distribution quickly and improve the anti‐interference capability of the voltage source converter‐based multiterminal high‐voltage direct current (VSC‐MTDC) system, a coordinated control strategy based on the V‐I curve is proposed in this article. The proposed control strategy includes the conventional droop control, the improved droop control, which considers the voltage dead band and fixed dc voltage control. The conventional droop control is utilized in one of the multiple converter stations, the fixed dc voltage control is adopted in the other one, and the improved droop control is applied to all of the rest converter stations. In this way, the unbalanced power will be distributed rapidly only through the conventional droop control, when the change of dc voltage is within the dead band. Meanwhile, all the droop coefficients of the improved droop control are adjusted automatically following the changes in dc current and dc voltage, and the converter stations regulate the unbalanced power coordinately, when the dc voltage is changed beyond the dead band. A model of a four‐terminal voltage source converter‐based high‐voltage direct current (VSC‐HVDC) transmission system is built in PSCAD/EMTDC, and the simulation results are presented to validate the expected performance of the proposed control strategy. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Syntheses, Characterization, and Fluorescence Properties of Four Divalent Lead Coordination Polymers based on Zwitterionic Ligands
Authors: Xia Xinshu , Liu Shan , Xiong Kecai , Cai Wenyan , Wei Tingyu , Zhu Yi , Liang Bing , Wang Yating , Wu Miao , Gai Yanli
Published: February 2019

Four novel divalent lead coordination polymers based on a series of zwitterionic ligands, Pb2Cl4L1 (1), [Pb2Cl4L2]·2H2O (2), Pb2Cl2(CH3COO)2L2 (3), and Pb3Cl4(NO3)2L3 (4) were solvothermally synthesized and successfully characterized. Single crystal structure studies reveal that compound 1 is a chain structure based on the inorganic “PbCl2” chain motif, whereas compounds 2–4 are sheet structures each constructed by inorganic “PbCl2”, “PbCl(CH3COO)”, and “Pb3Cl4” chain motifs. Hydrogen bonding interactions in term of C–H···Cl and C–H···O play a key role to form supramolecular 3D structures of 1–4. Additionally, studies of solid state fluorescence indicate 1–4 emit in the ultraviolet and visible region that can be assigned to the inter‐ligand π*–π and/or π*–n transitions.
Topologically twisted SUSY gauge theory, gauge-Bethe correspondence and quantum cohomology
Authors: Chung Hee-Joong , Yoshida Yutaka
Published: February 2019

Abstract

We calculate the partition function and correlation functions in A-twisted 2d$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= (2,2) U(N) gauge theories and topologically twisted 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 U(N) gauge theories containing an adjoint chiral multiplet with particular choices ofR-charges and the magnetic fluxes for flavor symmetries. According to the Gauge-Bethe correspondence, they correspond to the Heisenberg XXX1/2and XXZ1/2spin chain models, respectively. We identify the partition function with the inverse of the norm of the Bethe eigenstate. Correlation functions are identified to coefficients of the expectation value of BaxterQ-operator. In addition, we consider correlation functions of 2d$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= (2,2)*theories and their relations to the equivariant integration of the equivariant quantum cohomology classes of the cotangent bundle of Grassmann manifolds and the equivariant quantum cohomology ring. Also, we study the twisted chiral ring relations of supersymmetric Wilson loops in 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2*theories and the Bethe subalgebra of the XXZ1/2spin chain models.
String memory effect
Authors: Afshar Hamid , Esmaeili Erfan , Sheikh-Jabbari M. M.
Published: February 2019

Abstract

In systems with local gauge symmetries, the memory effect corresponds to traces inscribed on a suitable probe when a pure gauge configuration at infinite past dynamically evolves to another pure gauge configuration at infinite future. In this work, we study the memory effect of 2-form gauge fields which is probed by strings. We discuss the “string memory effect” for closed and open strings at classical and quantum levels. The closed string memory is encoded in the internal excited modes of the string, and in the open string case, it is encoded in the relative position of the two endpoints and the non-commutativity parameter associated with the D-brane where the open string endpoints are attached. We also discuss 2-form memory with D-brane probes using boundary state formulation and, the relation between string memory and 2-form soft charges analyzed in [1].
Up- and down-quark masses from QCD sum rules
Authors: Dominguez C. A. , Mes A. , Schilcher K.
Published: February 2019

Abstract

The QCD up- and down-quark masses are determined from an optimized QCD Finite Energy Sum Rule (FESR) involving the correlator of axial-vector current divergences. In the QCD sector this correlator is known to five loop order in perturbative QCD (PQCD), together with non-perturbative corrections from the quark and gluon condensates. This FESR is designed to reduce considerably the systematic uncertainties arising from the hadronic spectral function. The determination is done in the framework of both fixed order and contour improved perturbation theory. Results from the latter, involving far less systematic uncertainties, are:

$$ {\overline{m}}_u\left(2\ \mathrm{GeV}\right)=\left(2.6\pm 0.4\right) $$

m
¯

u

2

GeV

=

2.6
±
0.4

MeV,

$$ {\overline{m}}_d\left(2\ \mathrm{GeV}\right)=\left(5.3\pm 0.4\right) $$

m
¯

d

2

GeV

=

5.3
±
0.4

MeV, and the sum

$$ {\overline{m}}_{ud}\equiv \left({\overline{m}}_u+{\overline{m}}_d\right)/2 $$

m
¯

u
d

≡

m
¯

u

+

m
¯

d

/
2

, is

$$ {\overline{m}}_{ud}\left(2\ \mathrm{GeV}\right)=\left(3.9\pm 0.3\right) $$

m
¯

u
d

2

GeV

=

3.9
±
0.3

MeV.
Cayley graphs and complexity geometry
Authors: Lin Henry W.
Published: February 2019

Abstract

The basic idea of quantum complexity geometry is to endow the space of unitary matrices with a metric, engineered to make complex operators far from the identity, and simple operators near. By restricting our attention to a finite subgroup of the unitary group, we observe that this idea can be made rigorous: the complexity geometry becomes what is known as a Cayley graph. This connection allows us to translate results from the geometrical group theory literature into statements about complexity. For example, the notion of δ-hyperbolicity makes precise the idea that complexity geometry is negatively curved. We report an exact (in the large N limit) computation of the average complexity as a function of time in a random circuit model.
When Children Do Science: Collaborative Interactions in Preschoolers’ Discussions About Animal Diversity
Authors: Frejd Johanna
Published: February 2019

With the aim of exploring how science is done in collaborative interactions when children discuss reasons for animal diversity, this paper provides insight into the relationships between acts of doing science and collaborative interactions. Video data from four small-group discussions (N = 14) were analysed using Lemke’s (1990) talking science framework and Granott’s (1993) collaborative interaction framework. During their interactions, the children make use of their prior experiences and the materials provided as they engage in acts of doing science. The findings reveal that 6-year-old children are able to engage in science dialogue as they use observations and comparisons as data to generate, describe and discuss ideas. Moreover, while engaged in highly collaborative interactions, the children use observations to evaluate, challenge and question each other. Overall, the study sheds light on how acts of doing science can be perceived in young students’ discussions about science phenomena. The study indicates that the character of the collaborative interactions is an important factor for how acts of doing science are carried out.
Erratum zu: Ergebnisse einer Umfrage zur Weiterbildungssituation in der Humangenetik in Deutschland
Authors: Scholz Christine
Published: February 2019

Erratum zu

medgen 2018

10.1007/s11825-018-0222-2

In der Abb. 1 „Facharztanerkennungen für das Gebiet Humangenetik 2000–2017“ des Artikels wurde die letzte Zahl zur Angabe der „Anerkennung von Facharztbezeichnungen akkumuliert“ (hellblaue Raute) in korrekter Höhe dargestellt, …
Potential benefits of incentive spirometry following a rib fracture: a propensity score analysis
Authors: Batomen Kuimi Brice Lionel , Lague Antoine , Boucher Valérie , Guimont Chantal , Chauny Jean-Marc , Shields Jean-François , Vanier Laurent , Plourde Miville , Émond Marcel
Published: February 2019

Objectives

Incentive Spirometry is commonly used for respiratory recovery. The literature on incentive spirometry and its impact on patients with rib fracture is unclear and there are no recommendations regarding its use in the Emergency Department (ED), particularly in rib fracture patients, which are known for increasing the risk of pulmonary complication. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the use of incentive spirometry and to measure its impacts on delayed complications in patients discharged from the ED with confirmed rib fracture.

Methods

This is a planned sub-study of a prospective observational cohort recruited in 4 Canadians ED between November 2006 and May 2012. Non-admitted patients over 16 y.o. with at least one confirmed rib fracture on radiographs were included. Prescription of incentive spirometry was left to attending physician. Main outcomes were development of pneumonia, atelectasis, and hemothorax within 14 days. Propensity score matching analyses were performed.

Results

439 patients were included and 182 (41.5%) patients received incentive spirometry. There were 99 cases of hemothorax (22.6%), 103 cases of atelectasis (23.5%) and 4 cases of pneumonia (0.9%). The use of incentive spirometry was not protector for hemothorax [RR = 1.03 (0.66–1.64)] and atelectasis or pneumonia [RR = 1.07 (0.68–1.72)].

Conclusions

Our results suggest that unsupervised incentive spirometry use does not have a protective effect against delayed pulmonary complications after rib fracture. Further research should be conducted to assess the usefulness of incentive spirometry in specific injured population in the ED.
NORMAL MEASURES ON A TALL CARDINAL
Authors: APTER ARTHUR W. , CUMMINGS JAMES
Published: February 2019

We study the number of normal measures on a tall cardinal. Our main results are that:

•

The least tall cardinal may coincide with the least measurable cardinal and carry as many normal measures as desired.

•

The least measurable limit of tall cardinals may carry as many normal measures as desired.
Policy Preferences after Crime Victimization: Panel and Survey Evidence from Latin America
Authors: Visconti Giancarlo
Published: February 2019

Can crime victimization increase support for iron-fist crime-reduction policies? It is difficult to assess the political effects of crime, mainly because of the presence of unmeasured confounders. This study uses panel data from Brazil and strategies for reducing sensitivity to hidden biases to study how crime victims update their policy preferences. It also examines survey data from eighteen Latin American countries to improve the external validity of the findings. The results show that crime victims are more likely to support iron-fist or strong-arm measures to reduce crime, such as allowing state repression. Affected citizens are also found to value democracy less, which might explain their willingness to accept the erosion of basic rights in favor of radical measures to combat delinquency. These findings reveal that exposure to crime can change what people think the state should be allowed to do, which can have important political implications.
AN UNRECORDED USE OF THE WORD ΚΛΙΜΑΞ
Authors: Bouras-Vallianatos Petros
Published: February 2019

My purpose here is to point out a use of the Greek word κλῖμαξ, lit. ladder, which has not been recorded in the lexica of ancient and medieval Greek. To be specific, the term is found twice in the Therapeutics, a work by the sixth-century a.d. author and practising physician Alexander of Tralles, in reference to a particular kind of composite drug. In the first case, the author refers to the so-called ‘ladder of Hermes’ (Ἑρμοῦ κλῖμαξ, Ther. 1.557.6) without providing any recipe. According to him, this is an antidote for the treatment of epilepsy and similar in action to the well-known theriac. However, in the second case referring to an antidote for the treatment of gout, the ‘so-called ladder’, he provides the following recipe (Ther. 2.571.16–26):
ἀντίδοτος ποδαγρικὴ ἡ καλουμένη κλῖμαξ.ἀγαρικοῦοὐγ. α´φοῦοὐγγ. β´πετροσελίνουοὐγγ. γ´μαίουοὐγγ. δ´ὑπερίκουοὐγγ. ε´γεντιανῆςοὐγγ. ς´ἀριστολοχίαςοὐγγ. ζ´κενταυρίουοὐγγ. η´χαμαίδρυοςοὐγγ. θ´μέλιτος τὸ ἀρκοῦν.
As evidenced, the term denotes a unique category of composite drugs in which the quantity of each subsequent ingredient is increased by one unit (1 ounce, 2 ounces, 3 ounces and so on), thus metaphorically alluding to an ascending scale.
DECOMPOSING THE SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITY IN UTILIZATION OF MATERNAL HEALTH CARE SERVICES IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF SOUTH ASIA AND SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: Goli Srinivas , Nawal Dipty , Rammohan Anu , Sekher T. V. , Singh Deepshikha
Published: February 2019

The gap in access to maternal health care services is a challenge of an unequal world. In 2015, each day about 830 women died due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth. Almost all of these deaths occurred in low-resource settings, and most could have been prevented. This study quantified the contributions of the socioeconomic determinants of inequality to the utilization of maternal health care services in four countries in diverse geographical and cultural settings: Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Nepal and Zimbabwe. Data from the 2010–11 Demographic and Health Surveys of the four countries were used, and methods developed by Wagstaff and colleagues for decomposing socioeconomic inequalities in health were applied. The results showed that although the Concentration Index (CI) was negative for the selected indicators, meaning maternal health care was poorer among lower socioeconomic status groups, the level of CI varied across the different countries for the same outcome indicator: CI of −0.1147, −0.1146, −0.2859 and −0.0638 for <3 antenatal care visits; CI of −0.1338, −0.0925, −0.1960 and −0.2531 for non-institutional delivery; and CI of −0.1153, −0.0370, −0.1817 and −0.0577 for no postnatal care within 2 days of delivery for Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Nepal and Zimbabwe, respectively. The marginal effects suggested that the strength of the association between the outcome and explanatory factors varied across the different countries. Decomposition estimates revealed that the key contributing factors for socioeconomic inequalities in maternal health care varied across the selected countries. The findings are significant for a global understanding of the various determinants of maternal health care use in high-maternal-mortality settings in different geographical and socio-cultural contexts.
Phonetic structure in Yoloxóchitl Mixtec consonants
Authors: DiCanio Christian T. , Zhang Caicai , Whalen Douglas H. , García Rey Castillo
Published: February 2019

While Mixtec languages are well-known for their tonal systems, there remains relatively little work focusing on their consonant inventories. This paper provides an in-depth phonetic description of the consonant system of the Yoloxóchitl Mixtec language (Oto-Manguean, ISO 639-3 codexty), a Guerrero Mixtec variety. The language possesses a number of contrasts common among Mixtec languages, such as voiceless unaspirated stops, prenasalized stops, and a strong tendency for words to conform to a minimally bimoraic structure. Using a controlled set of data, we focus on howword sizeandword positioninfluence the acoustic properties of different consonant types. We examine closure duration, VOT, and formant transitions with the stop series, spectral moments with the fricative series, the timing between oral and nasal closure with the prenasalized stop series, and both formant transitions and qualitative variability with the glide series. The general effect ofword sizeis discussed in relation to work onpolysyllabic shortening(Turk & Shattuck-Hufnagel 2000) and demonstrates the importance of prosodic templates in Mixtec languages (Macken & Salmons 1997). The prenasalized stop data provides evidence that such stops are best analyzed as allophones of nasal consonants preceding oral vowels (as per Marlett 1992) and not as hypervoiced variants of voiced stops (as per Iverson & Salmons 1996).
A trait-based approach to the conservation of threatened plant species
Authors: Álvarez-Yépiz Juan C. , Búrquez Alberto , Martínez-Yrízar Angelina , Dovciak Martin
Published: February 2019

Traditionally the vulnerability of threatened species to extinction has been assessed by studying their environment, genetics and population dynamics. A more comprehensive understanding of the factors promoting or limiting the long-term persistence of threatened species could be achieved by conducting an analysis of their functional responses to changing environments, their ecological interactions, and their role in ecosystem functioning. These less traditional research areas can be unified in a trait-based approach, a recent methodological advance in ecology that is being used to link individual-level functions to species, community and ecosystem processes to provide mechanistic explanations of observed patterns, particularly in changing environments. We illustrate how trait-based information can be translated into well-defined conservation strategies, using the example of Dioon sonorense, an Endangered cycad endemic to north-western Mexico. Scientific information yielded by trait-based research, coupled with existing knowledge derived from well-established traditional approaches, could facilitate the development of more integrative conservation strategies to promote the long-term persistence of individual threatened species. A comprehensive database of functional traits of threatened species would be of value in assisting the implementation of the trait-based approach.
Prevalence of mental illness in primary care and its association with deprivation and social fragmentation at the small-area level in England
Authors: Grigoroglou Christos , Munford Luke , Webb Roger T. , Kapur Nav , Ashcroft Darren M. , Kontopantelis Evangelos
Published: February 2019

Background

We aimed to spatially describe mental illness prevalence in England at small-area geographical level, as measured by prevalence of depression, severe mental illness (SMI) and antidepressant prescription volume in primary care records, and how much of their variation was explained by deprivation, social fragmentation and sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods

Information on prevalence of depression and SMI was obtained from the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) administrative dataset for 2015/16 and the national dispensing dataset for 2015/16. Linear regression models were fitted to examine ecological associations between deprivation, social fragmentation, other sociodemographic characteristics and mental illness prevalence.

Results

Mental illness prevalence varied within and between regions, with clusters of high prevalence identified across England. Our models explained 33.4–68.2% of variability in prevalence, but substantial variability between regions remained after adjusting for covariates. People in socially cohesive and socially deprived areas were more likely to be diagnosed with depression, while people in more socially fragmented and more socially deprived areas were more likely to be diagnosed with SMI.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that to tackle mental health inequalities, attention needs to be targeted at more socially deprived localities. The role of social fragmentation warrants further investigation, and it is possible that depression remains undiagnosed in more socially fragmented areas. The wealth of routinely collected data can provide robust evidence to aid optimal resource allocation. If comparable data are available in other countries, similar methods could be deployed to identify high prevalence clusters and target funding to areas of greater need.
The power unto glory: a Bonaventurean critique of Foucault's critique of power
Authors: Giltner T. Alexander
Published: February 2019

This article puts Michel Foucault's conception of power into critical engagement with that of Bonaventure. For Foucault power is manifested in wills to knowledge or meaning-making in a senseless universe in order to legitimate the drama of dominations. Bonaventure, however, roots his notion of power in the essence of God, so that any act of power from God cannot be classified as domination, but rather donation – a free-willed gift. This is especially evident in Bonaventure's theology of creation and sacrament. As such, Bonaventure provides a way to deal with Foucault's critique theologically without dispensing with it altogether.
Micronutrient deficiencies and health-related quality of life: the case of children with vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Aguiar Magda , Andronis Lazaros , Pallan Miranda , Högler Wolfgang , Frew Emma
Published: February 2019

Objective

To explore the extent to which micronutrient deficiencies (MND) affect children’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL), using vitamin D deficiency (VDD) as a case study.

Design

Proxy valuation study to estimate the impact of VDD on the HRQoL of younger (0–4 years) and older (>4 years) children. We used the Child Health Utility 9 Dimension (CHU9D) questionnaire to estimate HRQoL for children within six VDD-related health states: ‘hypocalcaemic cardiomyopathy’, ‘hypocalcaemic seizures’, ‘active rickets’, ‘bone deformities’, ‘pain and muscle weakness’ and ‘subclinical VDD’.

Setting

Sampling was not restricted to any particular setting and worldwide experts were recruited.

Participants

Respondents were paediatric bone experts recruited through network sampling.

Results

Thirty-eight experts completed the survey. The health state with the largest detrimental impact (mean score (se)) on children’s HRQoL was hypocalcaemic cardiomyopathy (0·47 (0·02)), followed by hypocalcaemic seizures (0·50 (0·02)) and active rickets (0·62 (0·02) in young children; 0·57 (0·02) in older children). Asymptomatic VDD had a modest but noticeable negative impact on HRQoL, attributed mostly to tiredness in both age groups and pain in the older paediatric population.

Conclusions

Elicitation of HRQoL from clinical experts suggests a negative impact of VDD on HRQoL, even if there is no recognizable clinical manifestation. HRQoL data from populations of patients with MND will inform public health policy decisions. In some settings, routine collection of HRQoL data alongside national nutrition surveys may help capture the full burden of MND and prioritize resources towards effective prevention.
ON ODD-DIMENSIONAL COMPLEX ANALYTIC KLEINIAN GROUPS
Authors: KATO MASAHIDE
Published: February 2019

We shall explain here an idea to generalize classical complex analytic Kleinian group theory to any odd-dimensional cases. For a certain class of discrete subgroups of $\text{PGL}_{2n+1}(\mathbf{C})$ acting on $\mathbf{P}^{2n+1}$, we can define their domains of discontinuity in a canonical manner, regarding an $n$-dimensional projective linear subspace in $\mathbf{P}^{2n+1}$ as a point, like a point in the classical one-dimensional case. Many interesting (compact) non-Kähler manifolds appear systematically as the canonical quotients of the domains. In the last section, we shall give some examples.
Evaluating the dosimetric consequences of MLC leaf positioning errors in dynamic IMRT treatments
Authors: Agarwal Arpita , Rastogi Nikhil , Maria Das KJ , Yoganathan SA , Udayakumar D , Naresh R , Kumar Shaleen
Published: February 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric impact of multileaf collimator (MLC) positional errors on dynamic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatments through planning simulation. Secondly the sensitivity of IMRT MatriXX device for detecting the MLC leaf positional errors was also evaluated.

Materials and methods

In this study five dynamic IMRT plans, each for brain and head–neck (HN), were retrospectively included. An in-house software was used to introduce random errors (uniform distribution between −2·0 and +2·0 mm) and systematic errors [±0·5, ±0·75, ±1·0 and ±2·0 mm (+: open MLC error and −: close MLC error)]. The error-introduced MLC files were imported into the treatment planning system and new dose distributions were calculated. Furthermore, the dose–volume histogram files of all plans were exported to in-house software for equivalent uniform dose (EUD), tumour control probability and normal tissue complication probability calculations. The error-introduced plans were also delivered on LINAC, and the planar fluences were measured by IMRT MatriXX. Further, 3%/3 mm and 2%/2 mm γ-criteria were used for analysis.

Results

In planning simulation study, the impact of random errors was negligible and ΔEUD was <0·5±0·7%, for both brain and HN. The impact of systematic errors was substantial, and on average, the maximum change in EUD for systematic errors (close 2 mm) was −10·7±3·1% for brain and −15·5±2·6% for HN.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that the acceptable systematic error was 0·4 mm for brain and 0·3 mm for HN. Furthermore, IMRT MatriXX device was able to detect the MLC errors ≥2 mm in HN and >3 mm errors in brain with 2%/2 mm γ-criteria.
STEBBING ON ‘THINKING TO SOME PURPOSE’
Authors: Duran Jane
Published: February 2019

Susan Stebbing's Thinking to Some Purpose is analysed along the lines of contemporary efforts in critical thinking, and some of the problematized media material of her time. It is concluded that what Stebbing recommends is difficult to achieve, but worth the effort.
THE ETHICS OF OMISSION
Authors: Schwartz Gregory
Published: February 2019

In society, power and responsibility are often linked, supporting the idea that with great power comes great responsibility. I assert that this link between power and responsibility is a form of the Act–Omission Distinction, a principle in ethics that there is a morally relevant distinction between doing something and omitting to do something, e.g. a difference between killing someone and letting someone be killed. As such, using trolleys, elected spider-men, and real-life cases such as R v Stone & Dobinson, I contest this casual relationship between power and responsibility and argue the relationship to be correlative as both power and responsibility are often simultaneously caused by consent.
Soybean crop profitability: biodynamic vs conventional farming in a 7-yr case study in Brazil
Authors: Robusti Eliane Araujo , Mazeto Vagner Antonio , Ventura Maurício Ursi , Soares Júnior Dimas , Menezes Ayres de Oliveira
Published: February 2019

Organic/biodynamic agriculture has been reported worldwide as a suitable system to conserve or even regenerate natural resources. Due to the lack of long-term studies regarding the profitability of tropical organic vs conventional farming, the economic performance of biodynamic vs conventional soybean was studied using data from a consecutive 7-yr case study in a farm with 48.4 ha of biodynamic soybeans in Paraná State, Brazil. Analyses of production costs and financial indicators were adjusted at updated values according to inflation in the period. Effective operational costs were 4.4% higher in biodynamic than in conventional farming. The biodynamic yields were lower (3.6%) than those of conventional. Prices were 57% higher in biodynamic than in conventional, making biodynamic farming more profitable than conventional farming, as shown by financial indicators (gross revenue, gross margin, net margin, net income and capital income were 50.7, 99.9, 122.9, 150.4 and 166.9%, respectively, higher in biodynamic than in conventional). The price equilibrium point (PEP) was 3.4% higher for biodynamic farming; the leveling point was 36.9% higher for conventional farming. Manual weeding and plowing increased organic costs. Higher biodynamic trading prices than those of conventional triggered a PEP suitable for covering higher costs and thus boosting profitability. Further investigations and policies are suggested to further improve biodynamic farming efficiency and sustainability.
Making a Long Story Longer: Eastern Europe and 1968 as a Global Moment, Fifty Years Later
Authors: Bodnár Judit
Published: February 2019

The article proposes an extension of the understanding of 1968 in a threefold manner: an extension of the timeframe of the events (the action in ’68), a further extension to include the legacy of 1968, and a spatial-geographical expansion to make the analysis global. By elaborating on these extensions, the article considers 1968 as a global moment in which diverse histories converge and then diverge again, while the synchronicity of events generates an enhanced consciousness of the world, making the outlines of larger structures and connections more visible. Seeing 1968 in this way, the article argues, can provide a more adequate grasp on eastern Europe's ’68 and its variegations.
Let's Turn Hegel from His Head onto His Feet: Hopes, Myths, and Memories of the 1960s in Tamás Cseh's Musical Album “A Letter to My Sister”
Authors: Szemere Anna
Published: February 2019

This paper focuses on some salient features of the Hungarian “long sixties” through the rear-view mirror of a highly-acclaimed popular musical album by Tamas Cseh and Geza Beremenyi entitled “A Letter to My Sister” (1977). The article argues that the “Letter” owes its enduring success to its unique chronological and narrative arch: the years of childhood set in the sombrest Stalinist 1950s, while the opening up of the country's political and cultural landscape in the 1960s shaped the freedom and hope intrinsic to modern teenage life. Finally, in the portrayal of the crisis-ridden young adulthood set in the 1970s, it is impossible to set apart the failure of the “great generation” from that of Hungarian society and, more broadly, east European socialism. Implied in this narrative arch is that this local version of the “long sixties” carried the unprocessed legacy of the “short fifties.”
Pluralism without Democracy, Vertical without Power: From Gor΄kii to Nizhnii Novgorod … and Back?
Authors: Makarychev Andrey
Published: February 2019

This article discusses the political trajectory of the Nizhnii Novgorod region from the beginning of the 1990s until the present; from the first democratic experiences to their repudiation. The author traces the main cycles of region's political developments and defines the specificity of its political system and relations with the federal center. The article looks at the evolution of the political landscape in the region from the first post-Soviet years to mature Putinism, and then explains how political controversies are reflected in the regional identity debate. It proposes an alternative to the binary vision of the 1990s as a struggle between liberal reformists and authoritarian retrogrades, rather approaching the 1990s, with Boris El'tsin's presidency and Boris Nemtsov's governorship in Nizhnii Novgorod, as a period that encompassed many of the non-democratic trends that under Vladimir Putin's regime became dominant.
Russia's Post-Soviet Ideological Terrain: Zvyagintsev'sLeviathanand Debates on Authority, Agency, and Authenticity
Authors: Wengle Susanne , Monet Christy , Olimpieva Evgenia
Published: February 2019

Much of the literature on post-Soviet ideology interprets ideology as the content of state-sponsored doctrines or measures it via persistent strands in public opinion. This paper relies on a different notion: we think of societal and state perspectives as engaged with each other in a contentious dialogue that is constitutive of ideology. With this dialogic conception of ideology, this paper provides a map of Russia's ideological terrain through an analysis of the debates surrounding Andrey Zvyagintsev's 2014 filmLeviathan.We show that the film and the debates it provoked engaged with state-sponsored narratives and highlight three key themes of ideational contestation in contemporary Russian politics: authority, agency, and authenticity. An examination of these ideational battles in which provocative and resonant societal critiques challenge dominant narratives provides an original account of ideology in contemporary Russia. It also speaks to debates on civil society that have increasingly become interested in ideational politics.
Insights Into Fault‐Magma Interactions in an Early‐Stage Continental Rift From Source Mechanisms and Correlated Volcano‐Tectonic Earthquakes
Authors: Oliva S. J. , Ebinger C. J. , Wauthier C. , Muirhead J. D. , Roecker S. W. , Rivalta E. , Heimann S.
Published: February 2019

Strain in magmatic rifts is accommodated by both faulting and dike intrusion, but little is known of the frequency of dike intrusions in early‐stage rifts. We use a new earthquake data set from a dense temporary seismic array (2013–2014) in the ~7‐Myr‐old Magadi‐Natron‐Manyara section of the East African Rift, which includes the carbonatitic Oldoinyo Lengai volcano that erupted explosively in 2007–2008. Full moment tensor analyses were performed on M > 3.4 earthquakes (0.03‐ to 0.10‐Hz band) that occurred during the intereruptive cycle. We find two opening crack‐type and various non‐double‐couple earthquake source mechanisms and interpret these as fluid‐involved fault rupture. From waveform analysis on the nearest permanent seismic station, we conclude that similar rupture processes probably occur over eruptive and intereruptive cycles. The repeated and dynamically similar fluid‐involved seismicity, along with intrabasinal localization of active deformation, suggests that significant and persistent strain is accommodated by magmatic processes, modulated by tectonic cycles.
Analysis and Optical Modeling of Individual Heterogeneous Asian Dust Particles Collected at Mauna Loa Observatory
Authors: Conny Joseph M. , Willis Robert D. , Ortiz‐Montalvo Diana L.
Published: February 2019

We have determined optical properties of heterogeneous particles from aerosol samples collected at Hawaii's Mauna Loa Observatory. Back trajectories, satellite imagery, and composition differences among particles from scanning electron microscopy revealed a subset of particles with dolomite or calcite that likely came from Asia. Using focused ion‐beam tomography and the discrete dipole approximation, we show how small amounts of an iron phase (oxide or carbonate), or in one case soot, affected extinction and scattering compared with particles of neat dolomite or calcite. We show how particles exhibit a range scattering values due to varying orientations of the inclusion phases. Extinction efficiencies for the heterogeneous particles with dolomite (3.47) and calcite (3.36) were 19% to 21% lower than extinction for marine background air particles (3.72). Extinction for the Asian dust was, however, generally higher than for the neat particles. Compared to iron carbonate, the presence of an absorbing iron oxide affected scattering in Asian dust particles even at the low oxide concentrations studied here (0.6% to 8.1%). Scattering efficiency decreased by <1% with a 1% increase in hematite but by 2% to 5% with magnetite. Asian dust scattered light strongly forward, but backscattering was 56% larger than for the marine background air particles. Backscattering in the Asian dust was also larger with magnetite than hematite. Single scattering albedo for Asian dust with hematite, magnetite, or soot averaged 0.96 ± 0.06 (
) but was as low as 0.72 with a magnetite mass of 5.8%.
Modeling Neodymium Isotopes in the Ocean Component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM1)
Authors: Gu Sifan , Liu Zhengyu , Jahn Alexandra , Rempfer Johannes , Zhang Jiaxu , Joos Fortunat
Published: February 2019

Neodymium (Nd) isotopic composition (εNd) is an important tracer for water mass mixing and the reconstruction of past ocean circulation. To allow for a direct model‐data comparison, we have implemented Nd isotopes in the ocean component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM1.3). The model is able to capture the major features of the observed modern distribution of both εNd and Nd concentrations. Our model provides a useful tool for the interpretation of εNd reconstructions. For example, we show that in an idealized North Atlantic freshwater hosing experiment, εNd changes in the Atlantic are documenting primarily the changes in water mass mixing and are hardly affected by the concomitant and large changes in the marine biological productivity and organic matter fluxes. However, the hosing experiment also shows that the end‐member changes due to the change of ocean circulation can influence the interpretation of εNd in the Atlantic, depending on the location. The implementation of Nd, together with other existing tracers, such as δ18O, 231Pa/230Th, δ13C, and radiocarbon in the same model, can improve our understanding of past ocean circulation significantly.
lncRNA ZEB1-AS1 promotes pulmonary fibrosis through ZEB1-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition by competitively binding miR-141-3p
Authors: Qian Weibin , Cai Xinrui , Qian Qiuhai , Peng Wei , Yu Jie , Zhang Xinying , Tian Li , Wang Can
Published: February 2019

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in various pathophysiological processes in many diseases. However, the role and mechanism of lncRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis have not been explicitly delineated. In the present study, we found that lncRNA ZEB1 antisense RNA 1 (ZEB1-AS1) is upregulated in the lungs of BLM-induced rats and TGF-β1-induced RLE-6TN cells, and positively correlated with the levels of ZEB1, an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) master regulator. Knockdown of ZEB1-AS1 alleviated BLM-induced fibrogenesis, in vivo, via inhibiting EMT progress. Mechanistically, we identified that ZEB1-AS1 promoted fibrogenesis in RLE-6TN cells and ZEB1-AS1 silencing inhibited TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis through modulation of miR-141-3p. Further experiments revealed that ZEB1-AS1 acted as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-141-3p: forced expression of ZEB1-AS1 reduced the expression of miR-141-3p to activate Zinc-finger Ebox Binding Homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in RLE-6TN cells. In addition, we found that upregulation of miR-141-3p prevented fibrogenesis by targeting ZEB1. Therefore, our finding suggested lncRNA ZEB1-AS1 as a new profibrotic molecule that acts as a regulator of miR-141-3p/ZEB1 axis during lung fibrosis and demonstrated ZEB1-AS1 as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
DJ-1 modulates the unfolded protein response and cell death via upregulation of ATF4 following ER stress
Authors: Yang Jungwoo , Kim Kwang Soo , Iyirhiaro Grace O. , Marcogliese Paul C. , Callaghan Steve M. , Qu Dianbo , Kim Woo Jae , Slack Ruth S. , Park David S.
Published: February 2019

The unfolded protein response (UPR) triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a feature of many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although the vast majority of PD is sporadic, mutations in a number of genes including PARK7 which encodes the protein DJ-1 have been linked to early-onset, familial PD. In this regard, both PD of sporadic and genetic origins exhibit markers of ER stress-induced UPR. However, the relationship between pathogenic mutations in PARK7 and ER stress-induced UPR in PD pathogenesis remains unclear. In most contexts, DJ-1 has been shown to protect against neuronal injury. However, we find that DJ-1 deficiency ameliorates death in the context of acute ER stress in vitro and in vivo. DJ-1 loss decreases protein and transcript levels of ATF4, a transcription factor critical to the ER response and reduces the levels of CHOP and BiP, its downstream effectors. The converse is observed with DJ-1 over-expression. Importantly, we find that over-expression of wild-type and PD-associated mutant form of PARK7L166P, enhances ER stress-induced neuronal death by regulating ATF4 transcription and translation. Our results demonstrate a previously unreported role for wild-type and mutant DJ-1 in the regulation of UPR and provides a potential link to PD pathogenesis.
Biallelic mutations in valyl-tRNA synthetase gene VARS are associated with a progressive neurodevelopmental epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Friedman Jennifer , Smith Desiree E. , Issa Mahmoud Y. , Stanley Valentina , Wang Rengang , Mendes Marisa I. , Wright Meredith S. , Wigby Kristen , Hildreth Amber , Crawford John R. , Koehler Alanna E. , Chowdhury Shimul , Nahas Shareef , Zhai Liting , Xu Zhiwen , Lo Wing-Sze , James Kiely N. , Musaev Damir , Accogli Andrea , Guerrero Kether , Tran Luan T. , Omar Tarek E. I. , Ben-Omran Tawfeg , Dimmock David , Kingsmore Stephen F. , Salomons Gajja S. , Zaki Maha S. , Bernard Geneviève , Gleeson Joseph G.
Published: February 2019

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) function to transfer amino acids to cognate tRNA molecules, which are required for protein translation. To date, biallelic mutations in 31 ARS genes are known to cause recessive, early-onset severe multi-organ diseases. VARS encodes the only known valine cytoplasmic-localized aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. Here, we report seven patients from five unrelated families with five different biallelic missense variants in VARS. Subjects present with a range of global developmental delay, epileptic encephalopathy and primary or progressive microcephaly. Longitudinal assessment demonstrates progressive cortical atrophy and white matter volume loss. Variants map to the VARS tRNA binding domain and adjacent to the anticodon domain, and disrupt highly conserved residues. Patient primary cells show intact VARS protein but reduced enzymatic activity, suggesting partial loss of function. The implication of VARS in pediatric neurodegeneration broadens the spectrum of human diseases due to mutations in tRNA synthetase genes.
Biallelic VARS variants cause developmental encephalopathy with microcephaly that is recapitulated in vars knockout zebrafish
Authors: Siekierska Aleksandra , Stamberger Hannah , Deconinck Tine , Oprescu Stephanie N. , Partoens Michèle , Zhang Yifan , Sourbron Jo , Adriaenssens Elias , Mullen Patrick , Wiencek Patrick , Hardies Katia , Lee Jeong-Soo , Giong Hoi-Khoanh , Distelmaier Felix , Elpeleg Orly , Helbig Katherine L. , Hersh Joseph , Isikay Sedat , Jordan Elizabeth , Karaca Ender , Kecskes Angela , Lupski James R. , Kovacs-Nagy Reka , May Patrick , Narayanan Vinodh , Pendziwiat Manuela , Ramsey Keri , Rangasamy Sampathkumar , Shinde Deepali N. , Spiegel Ronen , Timmerman Vincent , von Spiczak Sarah , Helbig Ingo ,   C4RCD Research Group, Balak Chris , Belnap Newell , Claasen Ana , Courtright Amanda , de Both Matt , Huentelman Matthew J. , Naymik Marcus , Richholt Ryan , Siniard Ashley L. , Szelinger Szabolcs , Craig David W. , Schrauwen Isabelle ,   AR working group of the EuroEPINOMICS RES Consortium, Afawi Zaid , Balling Rudi , Baulac Stéphanie , Barišić Nina , Caglayan Hande S. , Craiu Dana , Guerrero-López Rosa , Guerrini Renzo , Hjalgrim Helle , Jähn Johanna , Klein Karl Martin , Leguern Eric , Lemke Johannes R. , Lerche Holger , Marini Carla , Møller Rikke S. , Muhle Hiltrud , Rosenow Felix , Serratosa Jose , Suls Arvid , Stephani Ulrich , Štěrbová Katalin , Striano Pasquale , Zara Federico , Weckhuysen Sarah , Francklyn Christopher , Antonellis Anthony , de Witte Peter , De Jonghe Peter
Published: February 2019

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (ARSs) link specific amino acids with their cognate transfer RNAs in a critical early step of protein translation. Mutations in ARSs have emerged as a cause of recessive, often complex neurological disease traits. Here we report an allelic series consisting of seven novel and two previously reported biallelic variants in valyl-tRNA synthetase (VARS) in ten patients with a developmental encephalopathy with microcephaly, often associated with early-onset epilepsy. In silico, in vitro, and yeast complementation assays demonstrate that the underlying pathomechanism of these mutations is most likely a loss of protein function. Zebrafish modeling accurately recapitulated some of the key neurological disease traits. These results provide both genetic and biological insights into neurodevelopmental disease and pave the way for further in-depth research on ARS related recessive disorders and precision therapies.
Ferromagnetism above 1000 K in a highly cation-ordered double-perovskite insulator Sr3OsO6
Authors: Wakabayashi Yuki K. , Krockenberger Yoshiharu , Tsujimoto Naoto , Boykin Tommy , Tsuneyuki Shinji , Taniyasu Yoshitaka , Yamamoto Hideki
Published: February 2019

Magnetic insulators have wide-ranging applications, including microwave devices, permanent magnets and future spintronic devices. However, the record Curie temperature (TC), which determines the temperature range in which any ferri/ferromagnetic system remains stable, has stood still for over eight decades. Here we report that a highly B-site ordered cubic double-perovskite insulator, Sr3OsO6, has the highest TC (of ~1060 K) among all insulators and oxides; also, this is the highest magnetic ordering temperature in any compound without 3d transition elements. The cubic B-site ordering is confirmed by atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. The electronic structure calculations elucidate a ferromagnetic insulating state with Jeff = 3/2 driven by the large spin-orbit coupling of Os6+ 5d2 orbitals. Moreover, the Sr3OsO6 films are epitaxially grown on SrTiO3 substrates, suggesting that they are compatible with device fabrication processes and thus promising for spintronic applications.
Pathogenic function of bystander-activated memory-like CD4+ T cells in autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Lee Hong-Gyun , Lee Jae-Ung , Kim Do-Hyun , Lim Sangho , Kang Insoo , Choi Je-Min
Published: February 2019

T cells generate antigen-specific immune responses to their cognate antigen as a hallmark of adaptive immunity. Despite the importance of antigen-specific T cells, here we show that antigen non-related, bystander memory-like CD4+ T cells also significantly contribute to autoimmune pathogenesis. Transcriptome analysis demonstrates that interleukin (IL)-1β- and IL-23-prime T cells that express pathogenic TΗ17 signature genes such as RORγt, CCR6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Importantly, when co-transferred with myelin-specific 2D2 TCR-transgenic naive T cells, unrelated OT-II TCR-transgenic memory-like TH17 cells infiltrate the spinal cord and produce IL-17A, interferon (IFN)-γ, and GM-CSF, increasing the susceptibility of the recipients to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in an IL-1 receptor-dependent manner. In humans, IL-1R1high memory CD4+ T cells are major producers of IL-17A and IFN-γ in response to IL-1β and IL-23. Collectively, our findings reveal the innate-like pathogenic function of antigen non-related memory CD4+ T cells, which contributes to the development of autoimmune diseases.