bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um olhar sobre a utilização de agrotóxicos no município de Novo Barreiro/RS, através do projeto de educação ambiental, aplicado nas séries finais do ensino fundamental na Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Zeferino Brasil
Authors: Franz Aline , Link Dionísio
Published: April 2021

O presente compõe-se do estudo sobre os agrotóxicos, seu surgimento, classificação,utilização correta de equipamentos de proteção individual, destinação final das embalagens de agrotóxicos, ação dos agrotóxicos na natureza e seus prejuízos a saúde humana. Foidesenvolvido visando refletir sobre sua ação modificadora no meio ambiente, buscando umainteração família escola como contribuição para a formação da consciência ambiental. Asatividades se realizaram na Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Zeferino Brasil da localidadede Três Passinhos, município de Novo Barreiro. A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimentodesse projeto fundamentou-se na abordagem qualitativa da pesquisa, a qual foi composta porvários encontros. O tema agrotóxicos é de grande importância em âmbito internacional,nacional, regional, estadual e municipal, por isso, a escolha do tema. A tendência crescente do uso desses produtos com os mais diversos propósitos da atualidade, inclusive como armas de extermínio humano individual (tentativa de suicídio) ou coletivo (bioterrorismo), reforça a ênfase a iniciativa deste trabalho. Sabe-se que muitos problemas na aplicação dos agrotóxicos ocorrem devido ao alto índice de desinformação do agricultor principalmente no meio rural,onde as aplicações cada vez mais intensas de agrotóxicos e de outros produtos químicos na agricultura resultaram na contaminação do solo, água e do meio ambiente de forma generalizada por mais de uma classe de substâncias tóxicas, além de representarem um dos grandes problemas atuais para a saúde daqueles que lidam diretamente com tais substâncias.
Educação ambiental: trabalhando o uso racional da água nas séries iniciais
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Eunice Garcia , Nishijima Toshio
Published: April 2021

O objetivo geral deste estudo foi propiciar aos alunos conhecimento sobre a importância dos cuidados que devemos ter com a água, e que é através da mudança de valores e atitudes quepoderemos contribuir para uma melhor qualidade de vida e ajudar na preservação desseimportante recurso natural. As atividades foram desenvolvidas com os alunos do 1º e 2º ano eda 3ª e 4ª serie, da Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental, São João Batista, no Município de Formigueiro-RS. Através deste objetivo geral buscou-se alcançar os seguintesobjetivos específicos: proporcionar aos alunos o entendimento da importância da água para avida do ser humano, despertar o interesse dos alunos sobre o tema, criar jogos e textos paraavaliar o trabalho desenvolvido. Promover a educação ambiental através de temas sobrerecursos hídricos. Foram usadas técnicas como: questionário, observações, produção de texto, jogos e passeio. Foi possível observar, com a aplicação destas técnicas, que o tema EducaçãoAmbiental é relevante no sentido de sensibilizar os pais e alunos sobre o uso racional daágua, bem como os cuidados com a sua preservação.
Educação ambiental no ensino público formal e a sensibilização para o valor e importância da água
Authors: Tussi Diva Elizete Kersting , Nishijima Toshio
Published: April 2021

Neste trabalho realizou-se a verificação de conhecimentos e práticas ambientais através do Programa de pesquisa-intervenção educativa, dirigida aos alunos da 4ª série do ensino público formal, da Escola Municipal Bom Pastor, no município de Panambi-RS. O estudo visou ampliar a consciência ambiental coletiva quanto ao valor e importância da água, assim como despertar interesse, reflexão e respeito pelo meio ambiente, através da promoção de uma trilha ecológica interpretativa, incentivando a preservação dos recursos naturais, em especial a água. Para tanto, utilizou-se da Educação Ambiental como instrumento principal e estratégico na sensibilização e preparação dos alunos quanto a necessidade do uso comedido e racional da água, salientando-se entre os meios para a sustentabilidade, a coleta da água da chuva. A pesquisa de intervenção educativa constituiu-se de três etapas: a efetivação de questionários sobre o conhecimento ambiental, a realização da trilha de percurso interpretativo com visitação a uma residência contendo um sistema de coleta da água da chuva e a distribuição e plantio de mudas de espécies de árvores nativas na escola. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o estudo proposto contribuiu para qualificar e ampliar a consciência ambiental dos alunos, visto como um processo contínuo e permanente.
Reciclagem artesanal com garrafa PET
Authors: Sherer Suzana Freitas Kelling , Link Dionísio
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho reúne histórias criadas através de personagens com a garrafa pet de forma artesanal desenvolvidas no Colégio Madre Júlia (São Sepé, RS) com alunos da quarta série do ensino fundamental. Foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de trabalho que utiliza a dinâmica artística da construção do personagem da história com a garrafa pet, como introdução de ajudar e ver os problemas ambientais. Os textos trabalhados antes foram ferramentas para mostrar, o problema do lixo, o lixo que não é lixo, usar sim - mas com cuidado, portando através das leituras dos textos sentiram a importância da boa relação entre os homens e entre homem-natureza, sensibilizando as crianças para a realidade do meio em que vivem. No projeto trabalharam os Criadores de Histórias, que através de suas produções literárias, estimularam apercepção dos colegas, e, desta forma, foi possível a discussão das histórias em aula, o que,somado à criatividade das crianças, resultou em um livro de histórias “Vida da Garrafa Pet”.Pode-se observar que através das histórias criadas pelos alunos, houve a possibilidade de sensibilizar as outras crianças para a realidade em que estão inseridas e, desta forma, o livro serviu de instrumento de informação e transformação, como forma lúdica.
Percepção ambiental de alunos do curso profissionalizante de panificação - PROEJA FIC, Cacequi (RS)
Authors: Acosta Lara Margarida da Silveira , Rosito Jumaida Maria
Published: April 2021

Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o grau de ecoalfabetização de alunos do Curso Profissionalizante de Panificação, modalidade Educação para Jovens e adultos (EJA), de umaescola pública do município de Cacequi (RS, Brasil); com isso, espera-se contribuir para amelhoria da qualidade das aulas de Ciências Naturais do Curso e com a ampliação daconsciência ambiental de seus alunos. O instrumento utilizado foi a aplicação, em aula, de umquestionário fechado abordando questões variadas da área ambiental, mas que privilegiava aqueles assuntos divulgados pelos meios mais facilmente acessados pela população, comotelevisão e jornais; da mesma forma, foi dado destaque aos temas de interesse nacional eregional. A análise das respostas evidenciou que, em sua maioria, os alunos desconhecem asquestões ambientais abordadas pelo questionário, mesmo aquelas que estão presentes no seu diaa dia. Torna-se assim evidente, a necessidade de interferência por parte da escola no sentido delevar informação e de estimular uma atitude mais participativa de seus alunos, dando a eles aoportunidade de tornarem-se cidadãos ecoalfabetizados e comprometidos com seu mundo.
O negro como personagem na literatura infantil, na obra de Maria Rita Py
Authors: Santos Jucineide Vaz dos
Published: April 2021

Procurou-se ao analisar nas obras da Coleção História da Vó Preta, da autora santa-mariense Maria Rita Py, a representação do negro, demonstrando como as questões que o envolvem na sociedade, seus anseios, mágoas, vividas desde o século passado, estão presentes na literatura infantil contemporânea. A literatura tem evidenciado uma preocupação cada vez maior em apresentar uma identidade cultural que expresse as relações de inclusão social. A realidade brasileira mostra que o negro, após a libertação dos escravos, e mais recentemente com o crescimento do movimento negro assumiu uma nova visão, criando um novo discurso nessa literatura, quando passa a ser personagem da transformação da consciência negra. Neste contexto que se insere a literatura negra de Maria Rita, dedicadas ao público infantil, destaca-se a preocupação em buscar soluções para resolver os problemas dos seus personagens tais como: frustração, rejeição, desejo de ser branco, dúvidas e os anseios de crianças negras na sociedade, mas que afetam a auto-estima e a sua identidade.
Desafios e a multidisciplinaridade em perícias ambientais
Authors: Jeronimo Carlos Enrique de Medeiros , Medeiros Ana Julia Rebouças Pereira de , Barbalho Kellyanne Fonseca
Published: April 2021

Atualmente, as questões ambientais vêm aumentando significativamente em importância. Assim sendo, os elementos envolvidos no Direito Ambiental, que até pouco tempo atrás eram encarados como supérfluos e desnecessários, hoje despertam o interesse e a atenção da sociedade. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os desafios dos instrumentos dos instrumentos de prova nos processos civil e penal – a perícia – com enfoque na sua utilização nas questões ambientais, enfatizando os principais elementos que geram barreiras entre o entendimento técnico e o jurídico, baseando-se na legislação ambiental vigente e na relação entre o rito processual e a perícia. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a multidisciplinaridade é uma realidade para o desenvolvimento das técnicas periciais utilizadas tanto na verificação das causas e na determinação dos danos de um evento como para a determinação das compensações associadas. Deste modo, a perícia torna-se um elemento importante como ponto de partida para a resolução dos problemas ambientais em toda sua abrangência, considerando-se, todavia, restrições da sua aplicação referentes aos custos associados.
A utilização do laboratório de ciências como espaço alternativo para o ensino de ecologia em uma perspectiva ciência-tecnologia-sociedade (cts)
Authors: Kayser Mirian , Barbosa Leila Cristina Aoyama
Published: April 2021

Apesar de ser uma concepção ultrapassada, a educação tradicional ainda impera nos modelos didático-pedagógicos das escolas brasileiras. Uma perspectiva educacional que visa a superação desse modelo é o enfoque Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade (CTS) na escola. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar a possibilidade de realização de atividades práticas, sobre ecologia, no ensino fundamental, em perspectiva CTS. Para tanto, esta pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, teve como público-alvo 44 alunos do 6º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola municipal de Florianópolis/SC, com a execução, observação e avaliação de duas atividades práticas, em perspectiva CTS, sobre ecologia. Em relação a atividade prática 1 - “Diário de bordo do desenvolvimento dos fungos” - a maioria dos alunos explicaram o surgimento de fungos no pão devido a anaerobiose e umidade e identificaram a presença de três tipos de fungos. Em relação à atividade prática 2 - “Observação de decomposição da matéria orgânica” - a grande maioria afirmou que a matéria orgânica decomposta pelos fungos pode ser utilizada como um adubo orgânico. Ao fim das duas atividades práticas, a maioria dos alunos concluiu que os fungos são importantes para a indústria alimentícia, farmacêutica e como decompositores de matéria orgânica, demonstrando compreender o tema estudado para além de um conteúdo científico; articulando-o com a tecnologia e a vida em sociedade, objetivos estes da perspectiva CTS.
Quantidade de geração de resíduos em seis procedimentos cirúrgicos de portes diferenciados comparados
Authors: Naime Roberto , Barbisan Cristiane Harutunian
Published: April 2021

Os riscos à saúde e ao meio ambiente provocados por resíduos sólidos nos serviços da saúde (RSSS) são devido principalmenteàs suas frações infectantes. Esses resíduos apresentam microrganismos que são patogênicos e apresentam riscos para a saúde da população e para o meio ambiente. Existe a falta de orientação sobre os riscos potenciais, manuseio e tratamento, assim como a ausência de informações quanto à forma de tratamento e à destinação final destes resíduos. Este trabalho faz um levantamento sobre a natureza e quantidade de resíduos gerados em dois procedimentos cirúrgicos de diferentes portes em um hospital de Porto Alegre que é reconhecidamente gerador de grande quantidade de resíduos. O estudo foi patrocinado pelo hospital que busca através deste conhecimento estabelecer normas e procedimentos adequados para atender satisfatoriamente as demandas de gestão de resíduos sólidos hospitalares. Foram comparados seis procedimentos cirúrgicos de grande freqüência no hospital, que são a colicistectomia e a revascularização do miocárdio, objetivando mensurar a quantidade de resíduos biológicos, recicláveis, não-recicláveis e secreções produzidas de cada um deles, visando estabelecer rotinas mais adequadas para o gerenciamento dos resíduos em condições de proteção ambiental adequadas e com o menor custo possível. Foram realizadas pesagens de cada um dos tipos de resíduos gerados nas cirúrgias e feitas análises estatísticas para validação dos resultados. O trabalho demonstra que a natureza do procedimento, quando comparado, influencia na quantidade e tipologia da geração de resíduos numa intervenção cirúrgica.
DIFERENTES TIPOS DE BANHO EM PACIENTES CRÍTICOS E FATORES ASSOCIADOS AO BANHO NO LEITO
Authors: Toledo Luana Vieira , Sampaio Nádia Vaz , Brinati Lídia Miranda , Domingos Camila Santana , Salgado Patrícia de Oliveira , Ercole Flávia Falci
Published: April 2021

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o tipo de banho realizado em pacientes críticos à admissão e na saída da unidade de terapia intensiva e avaliar os fatores associados ao banho no leito desses pacientes nesses dois momentos. Método: estudo observacional, quantitativo, longitudinal, retrospectivo, realizado com informações de 85 prontuários de pacientes críticos internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva. Avaliou-se a diferença dos tipos de banho realizados com os pacientes críticos,à admissão e na saída da unidade, a partir do teste de Mc Nemar. Utilizou-se a regressão logística para avaliar os fatores associados à realização do banho no leito nesses dois momentos. Resultados: predominaram os pacientes do sexo masculino (56,50%), com média de idade de 65,4 anos. O banho no leito foi o mais realizado, tanto à admissão (88,2%) quanto na saída da unidade (78,8%).Entre os pacientes que receberam alta, houve diferença dos tipos de banho realizados no início e fim da internação (p= 0,013). Os pacientes que vieram a óbito receberam apenas o banho no leito. À admissão na unidade de terapia intensiva, a chance de um paciente em oxigenoterapia ter indicação de banho no leito foi maior (OddsRatio = 6,24). Por sua vez, na saída desse setor, essa chance foi maior nos pacientes em uso de oxigenoterapia (OddsRatio = 13,81) e cateter vesical de demora (OddsRatio = 5,56). Conclusão: em pacientes críticos o banho no leito foi o mais realizado e sua indicação esteve associada à utilização de dispositivos de oferta de oxigênio e controle urinário.
ALEITAMENTO MATERNO EM PACIENTES ADMITIDOS EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA PEDIÁTRICA
Authors: Marcuz Julia Coelho , Emidio Suellen Cristina Dias , Carmona Elenice Valentim
Published: April 2021

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a proporção de aleitamento materno (AM) em pacientes menores de seis meses admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica (UTP), comparar o tipo de AM oferecido na admissão e na alta e verificar, a partir de variáveis quantitativas e qualitativas, grupos com maior proporção de desmame precoce. Método: estudo retrospectivo e longitudinal. Consultados prontuários de lactentes com até seis meses de idade internados entre 2014 e 2016 na UTIP. Os dados coletados foram: o tipo de aleitamento materno na admissão e na alta hospitalar dos lactentes, dados de caracterização das mães e dados clínicos dos pacientes. Os dados foram submetidos à estatística descritiva, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: dos 104 prontuários analisados, 46,2% registraram desmame já na admissão. Na alta, apresentaram desmame 13,6% dos admitidos em aleitamento materno exclusivo. Conclusão: nos pacientes admitidos na UTIP de 2014 a 2016, a prevalência de AME (21,1%) foi inferior aos índices nacionais na faixa etária entre zero e seis meses (45,7%), bem como às metas recomendadas pela OMS (acima de 50%). A hospitalização teve relevante impacto no aleitamento, com o total de apenas 38 pacientes tendo alta com algum tipo de aleitamento. Foram significantes para o desmame: tempo de internação; dias de oferecimento de fórmula; e alimentação por cateter enteral.
Ignitibility of structural wood products exposed to embers during wildland fires :
Authors: Nazare Shonali , Leventon Isaac , Davis Rick
Published: April 2021

Ignitability of structural components due to ember accumulation is a common cause of structural fires in wildland urban interface (WUI) communities. To fire harden structures in WUI communities, it is important to quantitatively predict the ember ignitability of wooden substrates. To commence this effort, past studies have been compiled and analyzed to identify knowledge gaps. Key topics including ignition of structures in WUI fires, measurement of thermal response of solid wood products used in residential structures, controlling mechanisms in ignition and sustained smoldering of wood, measurement of ember properties, real-scale and bench-scale experiments on assessing ember ignitability of structural components, and surrogate ignition sources for assessing smoldering propensity of the wooden substrate have been reviewed. Existing test methods have also been reviewed in the light of common exposures seen WUI environment.
Global Health Leadership Pathway: A Novel Approach to Global Radiology Curriculum Integration for Residents
Authors: McGinty Katrina , Dixon Robert G. , Culp Melissa P.
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Our radiology residency programs are at an academic medical center in the southeastern United States and are accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). During the initial eight years of our department’s global health program, 22 residents participated in our global health collaborations with a related $31,000 in extradepartmental travel awards. Increasingly, residents applying to our program convey interest in the integration of global health into their careers as radiologists. To that end, our administration, global health faculty, and residency program directors created and approved a Global Health Leadership Pathway (GHLP). The Pathway spans all years of radiology training to provide curriculum support with the aim of ensuring that our residents have the knowledge and skills necessary to become future leaders in global health. Description: The GHLP is a residency track that residents apply to join with a related radiology clinical education, global health specific curriculum throughout all training years, integration of the RAD-AID Certificate of Proficiency in Global Health Radiology, individual mentorship, and participation with an international elective. Structured education on global radiology, epidemiology, access implications, and related methodologies give our residents the opportunity to learn best practices for sustainability in global health. Conclusion: Because of increasing interest and due to the past successful involvement of our radiology residents in global health, our department created this Global Health Leadership Pathway to give our trainees the educational resources to support their future leadership and involvement in the academic field of global health.
Le concept d’emergent-fit dans les approches méthodologiques inductives
Authors: Horincq Detournay Rosine
Published: April 2021

Cet article aborde l’un des aspects méthodologiques centraux des approches inductives, celui de l’emergent-fit, qui est aussi l’une des propriétés principales de la recherche qualitative. Ce concept est souvent associé à l’analyse et, conséquemment, à la collecte des données au fur et à mesure de l’analyse et de l’échantillonnage théorique qui se précise. Pour la réalisation de la recherche qui est à l’origine de cet article, nous avons analysé les données qui proviennent des traces méthodologiques de nos différents projets de recherche : journal réflexif de recherche, mémos, recension d’écrits scientifiques. Nos résultats montrent que l’emergent-fitconcerne l’analyse des données, mais aussi d’autres principes de la recherche, dont la problématique provisoire qui évolue, la sensibilité théorique, l’échantillonnage théorique, la flexibilité méthodologique, l’intégration théorique ou encore la saturation théorique. L’emergent-fitest un processus qui se caractérise par de la transversalité et qui a sa propre dynamique.
Jargon médical : marqueur et médiateur du vécu des couples en procréation médicalement assistée
Authors: Pelletier Gabrielle , Noël Raphaële
Published: April 2021

Au Canada, l’utilisation de la procréation médicalement assistée (PMA) augmente annuellement. Lorsque les couples racontent leur expérience en clinique de fertilité, leur récit est marqué par une utilisation significative du jargon médical (JM). S’inscrivant dans un projet portant sur les acteurs du don d’ovules, cette recherche qualitative exploratoire vise à décrire et comprendre l’usage du JM par les couples ainsi que les liens possibles avec leur vécu de la PMA. Les entrevues semi-dirigées de trois couples ont été sélectionnées dans un échantillon de huit couples en raison de leur usage marqué du JM. Une méthodologie qualitative inductive alliant cinq paliers d’analyses a été construite afin d’analyser les contenus manifestes et latents des entretiens. L’élaboration de la métaphore d’un voyage en navette spatiale comme moyen d’intégrer et de conceptualiser les résultats met en évidence l’intensité et la technicité du parcours en PMA de ces couples ainsi que différentes dynamiques conjugales.
Cryogenic etching of porous material
Authors: Zhang Quan-Zhi , Zhang Lei-Yu , Ma Fang-Fang , Wang You-Nian ,   School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Published: April 2021

With the shrinkage of chip feature sizes, porous materials are widely used in microelectronics. However, they are facing severe challenges in plasma etching, as the reactive radicals can diffuse into the interior of material and damage the material, which is called plasma induced damage. In this paper, we review two kinds of etching processes based on low chuck temperature, i.e. cryogenic etching. By lowering the chuck temperature, either the etching by-products or the precursor gas can condense in the porous material, and thus preventing the radicals from diffusing and protect the material from being damaged by plasma. The technology of cryogenic filling inside the porous material is simple but effective, which allows it to have a good application prospect.
A conflicts’ classification for IoT-based services: a comparative survey
Authors: Ibrhim Hamada , Hassan Hesham , Nabil Emad
Published: April 2021

Recently, Internet of Things (IoT)-based systems, especially automation systems, have become an indispensable part of modern-day lives to support the controlling of the networked devices and providing context-aware and intelligent environments. IoT-based services/apps developed by the end-users interact with each other and share concurrent access to devices according to their preferences, which increases safety, security, and correctness issues in IoT systems. Due to the critical impacts resulting from these issues, IoT-based apps require a customized type of compilers or checking tools that capable of analyzing the structures of these apps and detecting different types of errors and conflicts either in intra-IoT app instructions or in inter-IoT apps interactions. A plethora of approaches and frameworks have been proposed to assist the best practices for end-users in developing their IoT-based apps and mitigate these errors and conflicts. This paper focuses on conflict classification and detection approaches in the context of IoT systems by investigating the current research techniques that provided conflicts’ classification or detection in IoT systems (published between 2014 and 2020). A classification of IoT-based apps interaction conflicts is proposed. The proposed conflicts’ classification provides a priori conflicts detection method based on the analysis of IoT app instructions’ relationships with utilizing the state-of-the-art Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) model checking and formal notations. The current detection approaches are compared with each other according to the proposed conflicts’ classification to determine to which extend they cover different conflicts. Based on this comparison, we provide evidence that the existing approaches have a gap in covering different conflicts’ levels and types which yields to minimize the correctness and safety of IoT systems. We point out the need to develop a safety and security compiler or tool for IoT systems. Also, we recommend using a hybrid approach that combines model checking with a variety of languages and semantic technologies in developing future IoT-based apps verification frameworks to cover all levels and types of conflicts to guarantee and increase the safety, security, and correctness of IoT systems.
Association between gonadal hormones and osteoporosis in schizophrenia patients undergoing risperidone monotherapy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Yi , Zhang Yaoyao , Fan Kaili , Xu Weiqian , Teng Chao , Wang Shuangshuang , Tang Wei , Zhu Xiaomin
Published: April 2021

Objective

Patients with schizophrenia are at increased risk of osteoporosis. This study first determined the osteoporosis rate in patients with schizophrenia and then then explored the association between serum gonadal hormone levels and osteoporosis among these patients.

Methods

A total of 250 patients with schizophrenia and 288 healthy controls were recruited. Osteoporosis was defined by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) of the calcaneus. Serum fasting levels of gonadal hormones (prolactin, estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone) were determined. The relationship between osteoporosis and hormone levels was statistically analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis.

Results

Our results showed that patients with schizophrenia had a markedly higher rate of osteoporosis (24.4% vs. 10.1%) than healthy controls (P < 0.001). Patients with osteoporosis were older, had a longer disease course, and had a lower body mass index (BMI) than patients without osteoporosis (all P < 0.05). Regarding gonadal hormones, we found significantly higher prolactin, but lower estradiol, levels in patients with osteoporosis than in those without osteoporosis (both P < 0.05). The regression analysis revealed that PRL (OR = 1.1, 95% CI [1.08–1.15], P < 0.001) and E2 level (OR = 0.9, 95%CI [0.96–0.99], P = 0.011) were significantly associated with osteoporosis in patients with schizophrenia.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that patients with schizophrenia who are being treated with risperidone have a high rate of osteoporosis. Increased prolactin and reduced estradiol levels are significantly associated with osteoporosis.
Modeling of Seasonal Multivariate Time Series Analysis; Using Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Nigeria (January 1985- 2017)
Authors: Moses Ekpenyong Aniedi , Etuk Ette Harrison
Published: April 2021

The multivariate “Seasonal Vector Autoregressive Moving Average” was used to measure the growth rate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in five (5) sectors: Agriculture, Industries, Building/Construction, Wholesales/Retails, and Services. The data was gathered from the National Bureau of Statistics and spans 33 years, from 1985 to 2017. To evaluate the model, real (R) software was used. The variability statistics for the five variables show that all of the variables have a seasonality pattern that is not stationary. We difference the data series (once) to obtain stationary series and define the season order to indicate the seasonality pattern. We find the best model using Akaike information criteria and Bayesian information criteria. The best model was determined to be the SVARMA (4, 1, 1) (1, 0, 0)12. We also apply model simplification to the SVARMA (4, 1, 1) (1, 0, 0), 12 model, to exclude statistically insignificant parameters. The forecasts revealed that the rate of growth in the Agriculture sector is slowly growing, the rate of growth in the Industries sector is slowly decreasing, the rate of growth in the Building/Construction sector is increasing, the rate of growth in the Wholesales/Retails sector is not stable, and the rate of growth in the services sector is poor.
Medical Students and the Level of Their Knowledge on Normal Flora: Results from an Electronic Questionnaire Conducted in a Private Medical School
Authors: Siagian Forman Erwin , Sunarti Lusia Sri
Published: April 2021

Introduction: So far, study on medical student’s knowledge regarding human normal flora is not available in the internet. Normal flora is initially beneficial for their host, but what was once part of the normal flora can later become dangerous to their host, e.g become the agent of endogenous disease. The knowledge regarding normal flora is important for medical students, because it related with many aspects of their recent and future education and trainings, especially in the clinical phase. The aim of this simple cross sectional, questionnaire based study is to measure the level of knowledge regarding normal flora.

Study Design:  Cross sectional, electronic questionnaire-based survey                                                                                   

Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia and conducted for 1 month (March 2021).

Methodology: The questionnaire is divided into two parts, the demographic section and the knowledge section that consist 20 question regarding normal flora. By using popular social media, WhatsApp™, survey conducted to all of our medical students.

Results: 628 students responded, and they were representing the class of 2014-2020, 190 male students and 438 females with mean age 20.16 years old (min. 16 and max 25). The result showed us that the level of knowledge is good and but the level of understanding regarding normal flora also gets better as they become senior students.

Conclusion: The level of knowledge of our students regarding normal flora is good, although it still needs to be improved continuously.
Boolean Subtraction and Division with Application in the Design of Digital Circuits
Authors: Ufuoma Okoh
Published: April 2021

The subject of Boolean subtraction and division dates back for over a century to the work of George Boole. Nevertheless, this subject is unfamiliar to us because it has been banished from Boolean algebra. In fact, some authors claim that there is no such thing as Boolean subtraction and division. The purpose of this work, however, is to present with clarity the subject of logical subtraction and division and its practical application in the design of digital circuits.
Evaluating the Earth Subsurface for Civil Engineering Site Characterization in Agege, Southwest Nigeria Using Integrated Geoelectrical and Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW)
Authors: Airen O. J. , Oboshenure K. K.
Published: April 2021

A geophysical investigation involving 1D Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging (2D ERI) and Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) has been carried out at Agege, Lagos, Nigeria with a view to delineating the subsurface stratigraphy and locate some competent strata/stratum for founding civil engineering structures. Six (6) 200 m long traverses were established within the study area. Along these traverses, 2D ERI were carried out adopting Wenner electrode configuration. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) adopting Schlumberger electrode array were carried out at selected points along profiles 1, 2 and 3 to determine the lithological sequence at depth. MASW data also were acquired along traverses 1, 2 and 3. The data were processed and the result yielded interpretable 2D resistivity structure and geoelectrical parameters (layer resistivity, thicknesses and depth) from the VES. The interpreted VES results were used to generate geoelectric section while the MASW resulted in 2D velocity sections. Three subsoils including topsoil, clay and clayey sand/sand were delineated beneath the study area. The resistivity and thickness range of the layers are; topsoil (34.0-54.6 ohm-m, 0.9 – 1.7 m), clay (10.3 – 17.7 ohm-m, 8.9 – 12.3 m) and clayey sand/sand (48.9 – 323 ohm-m) while the S-wave velocity range for the subsoil falls between 40 – 500 m/sec.
Clinical Evaluation, Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Traumatic Pharyngitis in a Non-descript Cattle
Authors: Sharma Rohit Kumar , Sharma Manu Prabh , Bishnoi Anil Kumar
Published: April 2021

Present study reports, a successful diagnosis and surgical management of a traumatic pharynigitis in a 3-year-old, nondescript cattle, caused by a submandibular foreign body (sewing-needle). Suture and wound dehiscence were observed as postoperative complication but the animal recovered completely after 15 days of surgery.
The association of polyvictimization with violent ideations in late adolescence and early adulthood: A longitudinal study
Authors: Eisner Manuel , Averdijk Margit , Kaiser Daniela , Murray Aja L. , Nivette Amy , Shanahan Lilly , van Gelder Jean‐Louis , Ribeaud Denis
Published: April 2021

Violent ideations are increasingly recognized as an important psychological predictor for aggressive and violent behavior. However, little is known about the processes that contribute to violent ideations. This paper examines the extent to which polyvictimization triggers violent ideations in late adolescence and early adulthood, while also adjusting for dispositional and situational factors as well as prior violent ideations. Data came from three waves of the Zurich Project on the Social Development from Childhood into Adulthood (z‐proso; n = 1465). Full‐information maximum likelihood Tobit models were fitted to regress violent ideations experienced at ages 17 and 20 on multiple victimization experiences in the preceding 12 months while controlling for antecedent developmental risk factors and prior violent ideations. The results showed that violent ideations in late adolescence and early adulthood are influenced by violent thoughts, aggressive behavior, violent media consumption, moral neutralization of violence, and internalizing symptoms measured 2 years earlier. Experiences of polyvictimization significantly contributed to an increase in violent ideations both during late adolescence and in early adulthood. The exposure–response relationship between victimization and violent ideations did not significantly differ by sex. The findings are consistent with the notion that violent ideations are triggered by a retaliation‐linked psychological mechanism that entails playing out other directed imaginary aggressive scenarios specifically in response to experiencing intentional harm‐doing by others.
Recent Advances in the Design of Novel β‐Titanium Alloys Using Integrated Theory, Computer Simulation, and Advanced Characterization
Authors: Shi Rongpei , Gao Yipeng , Li Dian , Zhao Wenrui , Zheng Yufeng
Published: April 2021

Metastable β‐titanium (β‐Ti) alloys, because of their combination of high specific strength, superior corrosion resistance, and excellent biocompatibility, have found increasingly widespread application in aerospace, automobile, biomedical, and chemical industries. Many different pathways, available for phase transformation and deformation between a high‐temperature β and a low‐temperature α phase, provide ample opportunities to engineer the desired microstructure through thermal mechanical processing for optimal properties targeting specific applications. Based on an integrated approach (theory, crystallography, multiscale modeling, and advanced characterization), recent studies have obtained fundamental insights in both designing strategies by exploring a variety of nonconventional solid‐state phase transformation and deformation pathways, including 1) pseudospinodal decomposition; 2) precursory ω‐phase‐assisted α precipitation with a wide range of tunable size scales and number densities; and 3) abnormal high‐index deformation twinning modes. Herein, the revolutionary new concepts for alloy development and deployment and the underlying physical mechanisms are reviewed in detail. Perspectives on the future research directions in the development of metastable β‐Ti alloys are also offered. The mechanisms and alloy design concepts as well as the advantage of using state‐of‐the‐art computational and characterization tools in a correlative manner for alloy design are applicable to a wide range of metallic materials beyond Ti alloys.
Dynamical SEI Reinforced by Open‐Architecture MOF Film with Stereoscopic Lithiophilic Sites for High‐Performance Lithium–Metal Batteries
Authors: Wu Qingping , Zheng Yongjian , Guan Xiang , Xu Jun , Cao Fahai , Li Chilin
Published: April 2021

A vulnerable solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer cannot retard Li dendrite growth, electrolyte consumption, and anode volumetric expansion, which seriously hinders the development of high‐safety Li‐metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, a dynamical SEI reinforced by an open‐architecture metal–organic framework (OA‐MOF) film characterized by elastic expansion and contraction of the volume of stereoscopic lithiophilic sites, is designed. The self‐adjustment distribution of lithiophilic sites on vertically grown Cu2(BDC)2 nanosheets enables the homogenization of Li‐ion flux, smart control of Li mass transport, and compaction of Li deposition. The trapped N, N‐dimethylformamide molecules in the open framework structure are favorable for the better wetting and dissolution effect of Li‐ions accessing to Cu2(BDC)2. Combining these advantages, the featured OA‐MOF/Cu@Li anode enables a high coulombic efficiency and low voltage hysteresis in Li||Cu cells even at an ultrahigh current density of 15 mA cm−2.
Certified rice–crayfish as an alternative farming modality in waterlogged land in the Jianghan Plain region of China
Authors: Yuan Pengli , Wang Jinping , Chen Songwen , Guo Yao , Cao Cougui
Published: April 2021

A novel rice (Oryza sativa L.)–crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) (RC) farming model that originated in areas of waterlogged land in the Jianghan Plain has rapidly developed in rice‐planting areas in recent years. However, whether RC farming can be employed as an alternative sustainable agricultural modality in waterlogged areas remains highly controversial. To that end, we conducted household surveys in Qianjiang, Jianli, and Honghu in the Chinese Province of Hubei where RC farming was first initiated in 2000. The results of this study suggest that RC farming offers a sustainable alternative to traditional rice–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (RW) and crayfish monoculture (CM) farming, as it enables farmers to fully leverage the natural ecological productivity of waterlogged rice fields. Evidence indicates that such RC farming is more sustainable than other farming practices from both an ecological and an economic perspective, and the adoption of this farming model has increased the income of local farmers by 9–48% while decreasing the use of nitrogen fertilizer, pesticides, and fishery drugs by 56, 75, and 58%, respectively. Our findings emphasize the importance of recognizing RC farming as an environmentally friendly and efficient approach to food production in the waterlogged land of Jianghan Plain.
Coupling Strategy for CO2 Valorization Integrated with Organic Synthesis by Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
Authors: Yuan Lan , Qi Ming‐Yu , Tang Zi‐Rong , Xu Yi‐Jun
Published: April 2021

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to solar fuels and/or fine chemicals is a promising way to increase the energy supply and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the conventional reaction system for CO2 photoreduction with pure H2O or sacrificial agents usually suffers from low catalytic efficiency, poor stability, or cost‐ineffective atom economy. A recent surge of developments, in which photocatalytic CO2 valorization is integrated with selective organic synthesis into one reaction system, indicates an efficient modus operandi that enables sufficient utilization of photogenerated electrons and holes to achieve the goals for sustainable economic and social development. In this Review we discuss current advances in cooperative photoredox reaction systems that integrate CO2 valorization with organics upgrading based on heterogeneous photocatalysis. The applications and virtues of this strategy and the underlying reaction mechanisms are discussed. The ongoing challenges and prospects in this area are critically discussed.
Changing the Reactivity of Zero‐ and Mono‐Valent Germanium with a Redox Non‐Innocent Bis(silylenyl)carborane Ligand
Authors: Yao Shenglai , Kostenko Arseni , Xiong Yun , Lorent Christian , Ruzicka Ales , Driess Matthias
Published: April 2021

Using the chelating C,C′‐bis(silylenyl)‐ortho‐dicarborane ligand, 1,2‐(RSi)2‐1,2‐C2B10H10 [R=PhC(NtBu)2], leads to the monoatomic zero‐valent Ge complex (“germylone”) 3. The redox non‐innocent character of the carborane scaffold has a drastic influence on the reactivity of 3 towards reductants and oxidants. Reduction of 3 with one molar equivalent of potassium naphthalenide (KC10H8) causes facile oxidation of Ge0 to GeI along with a two‐electron reduction of the C2B10 cluster core and subsequent GeI‐GeI coupling to form the dianionic bis(silylene)‐supported Ge2 complex 4. In contrast, oxidation of 3 with one molar equivalent of [Cp2Fe][B{C6H3(CF3)2}4] as a one‐electron oxidant furnishes the dicationic bis(silylene)‐supported Ge2 complex 5. The Ge0 atom in 3 acts as donor towards GeCl2 to form the trinuclear mixed‐valent Ge0→GeII←Ge0 complex 6, from which dechlorination with KC10H8 affords the neutral Ge2 complex 7 as a diradical species.
Engineering a Second‐Order DNA Logic‐Gated Nanorobot to Sense and Release on Live Cell Membranes for Multiplexed Diagnosis and Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Wang Dan , Li Shenhuan , Zhao Zilong , Zhang Xiaobing , Tan Weihong
Published: April 2021

Tumor biomarker‐based theranostics have achieved broad interest and success in recent years. However, single biomarker‐based recognition can cause false‐positive feedback, including the on‐target off‐tumor phenomenon, in the absence of tumor‐specific antigen. Multibiomarker‐based recognition molecules often elicit nonspecific and undesired internalization when they bind to “bystander” cells. We report a universal DNA tetrahedral scaffold (DTS) that anchors on the cell membrane to load multiple aptamers and therapeutics for precise and effective theranostics. This DNA logic‐gated nanorobot (DLGN) not only facilitates precise discrimination among five cell lines, but also triggers synergistic killing of effector aptamer‐tethered synergistic drugs (EASDs) to target cancer cells. Logic‐gated recognition integrated into aptamer‐functionalized molecular machines will prompt fast tumor profiling, in situ capture and isolation, and safe delivery of precise medicine.
Deracemization of Carbohelicenes by a Chiral Perylene Bisimide Cyclophane Template Catalyst
Authors: Weh Manuel , Rühe Jessica , Herbert Benedikt , Krause Ana‐Maria , Würthner Frank
Published: April 2021

Deracemization describes the conversion of a racemic mixture of a chiral molecule into an enantioenriched mixture or an enantiopure compound without structural modifications. Herein, we report an inherently chiral perylene bisimide (PBI) cyclophane whose chiral pocket is capable of transforming a racemic mixture of [5]‐helicene into an enantioenriched mixture with an enantiomeric excess of 66 %. UV/Vis and fluorescence titration studies reveal this cyclophane host composed of two helically twisted PBI dyes has high binding affinities for the respective homochiral carbohelicene guests, with outstanding binding constants of up to 3.9×1010 m−1 for [4]‐helicene. 2D NMR studies and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis demonstrate that the observed strong and enantioselective binding of homochiral carbohelicenes and the successful template‐catalyzed deracemization of [5]‐helicene can be explained by the enzyme‐like perfect shape complementarity of the macrocyclic supramolecular host.
The Hole‐Tunneling Heterojunction of Hematite‐Based Photoanodes Accelerates Photosynthetic Reaction
Authors: Zhang Hongwen , Zhang Pu , Zhao Jiwu , Liu Yuan , Huang Yi , Huang Haowei , Yang Chen , Zhao Yibo , Wu Kaifeng , Fu Xianliang , Jin Shengye , Hou Yidong , Ding Zhengxin , Yuan Rusheng , Roeffaers Maarten B. J. , Zhong Shuncong , Long Jinlin
Published: April 2021

Single‐atom metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (SMIS) heterojunctions based on Sn‐doped Fe2O3 nanorods (SF NRs) were designed by combining atomic deposition of an Al2O3 overlayer with chemical grafting of a RuOx hole‐collector for efficient CO2‐to‐syngas conversion. The RuOx‐Al2O3‐SF photoanode with a 3.0 nm thick Al2O3 overlayer gave a >5‐fold‐enhanced IPCE value of 52.0 % under 370 nm light irradiation at 1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl, compared to the bare SF NRs. The dielectric field mediated the charge dynamics at the Al2O3/SF NRs interface. Accumulation of long‐lived holes on the surface of the SF NRs photoabsorber aids fast tunneling transfer of hot holes to single‐atom RuOx species, accelerating the O2‐evolving reaction kinetics. The maximal CO‐evolution rate of 265.3 mmol g−1 h−1 was achieved by integration of double SIMS‐3 photoanodes with a single‐atom Ni‐doped graphene CO2‐reduction‐catalyst cathode; an overall quantum efficiency of 5.7 % was recorded under 450 nm light irradiation.
Structural and Mechanistic Insights into C−S Bond Formation in Gliotoxin
Authors: Scherlach Kirstin , Kuttenlochner Wolfgang , Scharf Daniel H. , Brakhage Axel A. , Hertweck Christian , Groll Michael , Huber Eva M.
Published: April 2021

Glutathione‐S‐transferases (GSTs) usually detoxify xenobiotics. The human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus however uses the exceptional GST GliG to incorporate two sulfur atoms into its virulence factor gliotoxin. Because these sulfurs are essential for biological activity, glutathionylation is a key step of gliotoxin biosynthesis. Yet, the mechanism of carbon−sulfur linkage formation from a bis‐hydroxylated precursor is unresolved. Here, we report structures of GliG with glutathione (GSH) and its reaction product cyclo[‐l‐Phe‐l‐Ser]‐bis‐glutathione, which has been purified from a genetically modified A. fumigatus strain. The structures argue for stepwise processing of first the Phe and second the Ser moiety. Enzyme‐mediated dehydration of the substrate activates GSH and a helix dipole stabilizes the resulting anion via a water molecule for the nucleophilic attack. Activity assays with mutants validate the interactions of GliG with the ligands and enrich our knowledge about enzymatic C−S bond formation in gliotoxin and epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) natural compounds in general.
Ultralong‐Range Polariton‐Assisted Energy Transfer in Organic Microcavities
Authors: Georgiou Kyriacos , Jayaprakash Rahul , Othonos Andreas , Lidzey David G.
Published: April 2021

Non‐radiative energy transfer between spatially‐separated molecules in a microcavity can occur when an excitonic state on both molecules are strongly‐coupled to the same optical mode, forming so‐called “hybrid” polaritons. Such energy transfer has previously been explored when thin‐films of different molecules are relatively closely spaced (≈100 nm). In this manuscript, we explore strong‐coupled microcavities in which thin‐films of two J‐aggregated molecular dyes were separated by a spacer layer having a thickness of up to 2 μm. Here, strong light‐matter coupling and hybridisation between the excitonic transition is identified using white‐light reflectivity and photoluminescence emission. We use steady‐state spectroscopy to demonstrate polariton‐mediated energy transfer between such coupled states over “mesoscopic distances”, with this process being enhanced compared to non‐cavity control structures.