bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAN GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE COMPENSATE FOR MARKER SKIN MOVEMENT IN RAT KINEMATICS?
Authors: JOÃO FILIPA , VELOSO ANTÓNIO , AMADO SANDRA , ARMADA-DA-SILVA PAULO , MAURÍCIO ANA C.
Published: April 2014

The motion of the skeletal estimated from skin attached marker-based motion capture(MOCAP) systems is known to be affected by significant bias caused by anatomical landmarks mislocation but especially by soft tissue artifacts (such as skin deformation and sliding, inertial effects and muscle contraction). As a consequence, the error associated with this bias can propagate to joint kinematics and kinetics data, particularly in small rodents. The purpose of this study was to perform a segmental kinematic analysis of the rat hindlimb during locomotion, using both global optimization as well as segmental optimization methods. Eight rats were evaluated for natural overground walking and motion of the right hindlimb was captured with an optoeletronic system while the animals walked in the track. Three-dimensional (3D) biomechanical analyses were carried out and hip, knee and ankle joint angular displacements and velocities were calculated. Comparison between both methods demonstrated that the magnitude of the kinematic error due to skin movement increases in the segmental optimization when compared with the global optimization method. The kinematic results assessed with the global optimization method matches more closely to the joint angles and ranges of motion calculated from bone-derived kinematics, being the knee and hip joints with more significant differences.
Strategic Technological Sourcing Decisions in the Context of Timing and Market Strategies: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Brem Alexander , Gerhard Daniel A. , Voigt Kai-Ingo
Published: April 2014

In times of changing business models and international competition, there is an inherent need for companies to foster and develop mechanisms to absorb new technologies for innovative products and processes effectively. Such considerations lead to the strategic make-or-buy decision which was the subject of our research. This quantitative explanatory study in the German industry shows in particular that companies base their decision for internal or external sourcing on multiple weighted criteria with scoring models and, even more common, with portfolio matrices. These results are in common with recent research, however, other results are surprising, e.g. just a small minority of companies involve people from controlling and legal departments in these decision processes. The paper also reveals differences between companies with different timing and competitive strategies, which are in line with the proposed characteristics of these strategic focuses in literature. Implications for theory and practice are given to foster future research in this area.
A Typology for Radical Innovation Projects Based on an Innovativeness Framework
Authors: Hüsig Stefan
Published: April 2014

This paper addresses the ongoing discussion in the literature on innovation typologies, taxonomies, terms, and measurement. It also put forth a proposal for a novel concept and typology for radical innovations based on a holistic and dynamic innovativeness understanding on the level of the individual innovation project with respect to different context levels and process stages. By differentiating between the degrees of innovativeness at the stages of concept, realization, and impact, the so-far neglected process dimension of innovation is now considered in the proposed radicalness typology called "Total Project-Radicalness Matrix". In order to illustrate this approach, the case of the "ROBIN" innovation project was analyzed, which later became the nucleus of the new "Toll Collect System" for electronic road pricing in Germany. This novel approach tries to support managers and researchers alike in enhancing the categorization, monitoring and measurement of innovation projects during the innovation process.
Euler observers in geometrodynamics
Authors: Garat Alcides
Published: April 2014

Euler observers are a fundamental tool for the study of spacetime evolution. Cauchy surfaces are evolved through the use of hypersurface orthogonal fields and their relationship to coordinate observers, that enable the use of already developed algorithms. In geometrodynamics, new tetrad vectors have been introduced with outstanding simplifying properties. We are going to use these already introduced tetrad vectors in the case where we consider a curved four-dimensional Lorentzian spacetime with the presence of electromagnetic fields. These Einstein–Maxwell geometries will provide the new tetrad that we are going to use in order to develop an algorithm to produce Cauchy evolution with additional simplifying properties.
Local torsion on abelian surfaces with real multiplication by ${\bf Q}(\sqrt{5})$
Authors: Gamzon Adam
Published: April 2014

Fix an integer d ≥ 1. In 2008, David and Weston showed that, on average, an elliptic curve over Q picks up a nontrivial p-torsion point defined over a finite extension K of the p-adics of degree at most d for only finitely many primes p. This paper proves an analogous averaging result for principally polarized abelian surfaces A over Q with real multiplication by [Formula: see text] and a level-[Formula: see text] structure. Furthermore, we indicate how the result on abelian surfaces with real multiplication relates to the deformation theory of modular Galois representations.
Beta expansion for some particular sequences of Salem numbers
Authors: Hichri Hachem
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we construct some families of polynomials defining Salem numbers which approach integer numbers and we give some results on their beta expansion. As a consequence we obtain in a simple way, for any integer number q ≥ 2, many sequences of Salem numbers which are beta numbers and converge to q from both sides.
Surfaces of small diameter with large width
Authors: Liokumovich Yevgeny
Published: April 2014

Given a 2-dimensional surface M and a constant C we construct a Riemannian metric g, so that diameter diam (M, g) = 1 and every 1-cycle dividing M into two regions of equal area has length > C. It follows that there exists no universal inequality bounding 1-width of M in terms of its diameter. This answers a question of Stéphane Sabourau.
Seasoned Equity Offerings, Valuation and Timing: Evidence from 1980's and 1990's
Authors: Jindra Jan
Published: April 2014

While the existing literature has focused on whether firms issue equity when they are overvalued, this paper examines whether there was a better time to issue seasoned equity when the valuation of a firm's shares might have been even more favorable. Using three valuation approaches, the findings suggest that: (1) the valuation of firms issuing seasoned equity is the most favorable at the time of the offering and (2) the estimated valuation errors are significantly related to the probability that firms will undertake a seasoned equity issue. These results are consistent with firms optimizing the timing of the seasoned equity offering so as to take maximum possible advantage of misvaluation of their shares.
Wakes in viscous quark-gluon plasma
Authors: Jiang Bing-Feng , Hou De-Fu , Li Jia-Rong
Published: April 2014

With the dielectric function derived from the chromohydrodynamic approach, we investigate wakes in induced charge density and wake potential induced by a fast parton traveling through the viscous quark-gluon plasma (QGP). When the fast parton moves with a speed v = 0.55c which is less than the phase velocity of plasmon vp in QGP, the equicharge lines show a sign flip in the backward-forward spaces. While for v = 0.99c which is larger than vp, the equicharge lines show an oscillatory behavior. A Lennard-Jones potential and an oscillatory wake potential are found in the backward direction for v = 0.55c and v = 0.99c respectively. In addition, the viscous effect on wakes is also speed-dependent. When v = 0.55c, shear viscosity has a trivial impact on the wakes. While for v = 0.99c, shear viscosity modifies the strength and structure of the wakes significantly.
Nuclear equation of state with the variational method and its application to supernova simulations
Authors: Togashi Hajime , Takano Masatoshi , Sumiyoshi Kohsuke , Nakazato Ken'ichiro
Published: April 2014

We report on an equation of state (EOS) of hot asymmetric nuclear matter constructed using the variational method and its application to hydrodynamic simulations of core-collapse supernovae. This nuclear EOS is based on the AV18 two-body potential and UIX three-body potential, and the energy per nucleon at zero temperature is constructed with the cluster variational method. At finite temperatures, the free energies per nucleon are calculated with an extension of the variational method devised by Schmidt and Pandharipande. This EOS is in good agreement with that by the Fermi hypernetted chain variational calculations at zero and finite temperatures, and the structure of neutron stars calculated with this EOS is consistent with recent observational data. Using this nuclear EOS, we perform a spherically symmetric general-relativistic adiabatic simulation of the SN explosion. The explosion energy calculated with our EOS in the present simulation is larger than that obtained with the Shen EOS, implying that the variational EOS is softer than the Shen EOS.
Optimization of the HypTPC field cage for E42/E45 experiments at J-PARC
Authors: Ni Andrey , Ahn Jung Keun , Kim Sung Hyun , Lee Hyo Sang
Published: April 2014

Computations of electric field and the electron drift volume of the HypTPC for E42 experiment have been accomplished with FEM and Garfield software. The double side strips field cage with shielding flange has been developed. The advantage of application a Kapton based field cage with mirror strips has been proved. According to a simulation results the spatial resolution of 300m in x-y plane and 600m in drift direction must be achieved.
The initial single chiral particle emission mechanism and its predictions of charmonium-like structures
Authors: Chen Dian-Yong
Published: April 2014

We propose a new mechanism, named as the initial single chiral particle emission mechanism, to explain the charged Zb(10610) and Zb(10650) observed in the ϒ(5S) → π+π-ϒ(nS), π+π-hb(mP), (n = 1 ~ 3, m = 1, 2) processes. After successfully interpreting the charge Zb structures, we extend this mechanism to study the process of the dipion transitions between the higher charmonia/charmonium-like state and the lower charmonia. In these transitions process, we predict two charmonium analogs of the charged Zb. After the observations of Zc(3900) by the BESIII and the Belle Collaborations, we reproduce the dipion and the J/ψπ invariant mass distributions simultaneously with the initial single chiral particle emission mechanism. In addition, we predict some enhancements in the J/ψK invariant mass spectra in the dikaon decay of the higher charmonium and the charmonium like states.
The two-flavor NJL model with two-cutoff proper time regularization
Authors: Cui Zhu-Fang , Du Yi-Lun , Zong Hong-Shi
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we use the two-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model together with the proper time regularization that has both ultraviolet and infrared cutoffs to study the chiral phase transition at finite temperature and zero chemical potential. The involved model parameters in our calculation are determined in the traditional way. Our calculations show that the dependence of the results on the choice of the parameters are really small, which can then be regarded as an advantage besides such a regularization scheme is Lorentz invariant.
In-medium modified energy-momentum tensor form factors
Authors: Jung Ju-Hyun , Yakhshiev Ulugbek , Kim Hyun-Chul
Published: April 2014

In this talk, we report a recent investigation on the energy-momentum tensor form factors of the nucleon in nuclear medium, based on the framework of the in-medium modified chiral soliton model. The model was constructed by taking into account the influence of the surrounding environment to the mesonic sector (π-, ρ- and ω-meson properties). We briefly discuss the results of the energy-momentum tensor form factors.
Glucose hypometabolism is highly localized, but lower cortical thickness and brain atrophy are widespread in cognitively normal older adults
Authors: Nugent Scott , Castellano Christian-Alexandre , Goffaux Philippe , Whittingstall Kevin , Lepage Martin , Paquet Nancy , Bocti Christian , Fulop Tamas , Cunnane Stephen C.
Published: April 2014

Several studies have suggested that glucose hypometabolism may be present in specific brain regions in cognitively normal older adults and could contribute to the risk of subsequent cognitive decline. However, certain methodological shortcomings, including a lack of partial volume effect (PVE) correction or insufficient cognitive testing, confound the interpretation of most studies on this topic. We combined [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to quantify cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRg) as well as cortical volume and thickness in 43 anatomically defined brain regions from a group of cognitively normal younger (25 ± 3 yr old; n = 25) and older adults (71 ± 9 yr old; n = 31). After correcting for PVE, we observed 11–17% lower CMRg in three specific brain regions of the older group: the superior frontal cortex, the caudal middle frontal cortex, and the caudate ( P ≤ 0.01 false discovery rate-corrected). In the older group, cortical volumes and cortical thickness were 13–33 and 7–18% lower, respectively, in multiple brain regions ( P ≤ 0.01 FDR correction). There were no differences in CMRg between individuals who were or were not prescribed antihypertensive medication. There were no significant correlations between CMRg and cognitive performance or metabolic parameters measured in fasting plasma. We conclude that highly localized glucose hypometabolism and widespread cortical thinning and atrophy can be present in older adults who are cognitively normal, as assessed using age-normed neuropsychological testing measures.
Effects of PYY3–36 and GLP-1 on energy intake, energy expenditure, and appetite in overweight men
Authors: Schmidt Julie Berg , Gregersen Nikolaj Ture , Pedersen Sue D. , Arentoft Johanne L. , Ritz Christian , Schwartz Thue W. , Holst Jens Juul , Astrup Arne , Sjödin Anders
Published: April 2014

Our aim was to examine the effects of GLP-1 and PYY3–36, separately and in combination, on energy intake, energy expenditure, appetite sensations, glucose and fat metabolism, ghrelin, and vital signs in healthy overweight men. Twenty-five healthy male subjects participated in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, four-arm crossover study (BMI 29 ± 3 kg/m2, age 33 ± 9 yr). On separate days they received a 150-min intravenous infusion of 1) 0.8 pmol·kg−1·min−1 PYY3–36, 2) 1.0 pmol·kg−1·min−1 GLP-1, 3) GLP-1 + PYY3–36, or 4) placebo. Ad libitum energy intake was assessed during the final 30 min. Measurements of appetite sensations, energy expenditure and fat oxidation, vital signs, and blood variables were collected throughout the infusion period. No effect on energy intake was found after monoinfusions of PYY3–36 (−4.2 ± 4.8%, P = 0.8) or GLP-1 (−3.0 ± 4.5%, P = 0.9). However, the coinfusion reduced energy intake compared with placebo (−30.4 ± 6.5%, P < 0.0001) and more than the sum of the monoinfusions ( P < 0.001), demonstrating a synergistic effect. Coinfusion slightly increased sensation of nausea ( P < 0.05), but this effect could not explain the effect on energy intake. A decrease in plasma ghrelin was found after all treatments compared with placebo (all P < 0.05); however, infusions of GLP-1 + PYY3–36 resulted in an additional decrease compared with the monoinfusions (both P < 0.01). We conclude that coinfusion of GLP-1 and PYY3–36 exerted a synergistic effect on energy intake. The satiating effect of the meal was enhanced by GLP-1 and PYY3–36 in combination compared with placebo. Coinfusion was accompanied by slightly increased nausea and a decrease in plasma ghrelin, but neither of these factors could explain the reduction in energy intake.
Exercise training enhances insulin-stimulated nerve arterial vasodilation in rats with insulin-treated experimental diabetes
Authors: Olver T. Dylan , McDonald Matthew W. , Grisé Kenneth N. , Dey Adwitia , Allen Matti D. , Medeiros Philip J. , Lacefield James C. , Jackson Dwayne N. , Rice Charles L. , Melling C. W. James , Noble Earl G. , Shoemaker J. Kevin
Published: April 2014

Insulin stimulates nerve arterial vasodilation through a nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) mechanism. Experimental diabetes reduces vasa nervorum NO reactivity. Studies investigating hyperglycemia and nerve arterial vasodilation typically omit insulin treatment and use sedentary rats resulting in severe hyperglycemia. We tested the hypotheses that 1) insulin-treated experimental diabetes and inactivity (DS rats) will attenuate insulin-mediated nerve arterial vasodilation, and 2) deficits in vasodilation in DS rats will be overcome by concurrent exercise training (DX rats; 75–85% V̇o2 max, 1 h/day, 5 days/wk, for 10 wk). The baseline index of vascular conductance values (VCi = nerve blood flow velocity/mean arterial blood pressure) were similar ( P ≥ 0.68), but peak VCi and the area under the curve (AUCi) for the VCi during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC; 10 mU·kg−1·min−1) were lower in DS rats versus control sedentary (CS) rats and DX rats ( P ≤ 0.01). Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) was lower in DS rats versus CS rats and DX rats ( P ≤ 0.01). When compared with DS rats, DX rats expressed greater nerve endothelial NOS (eNOS) protein content ( P = 0.04). In a separate analysis, we examined the impact of diabetes in exercise-trained rats alone. When compared with exercise-trained control rats (CX), DX rats had a lower AUCi during the EHC, lower MNCV values, and lower sciatic nerve eNOS protein content ( P ≤ 0.03). Therefore, vasa nervorum and motor nerve function are impaired in DS rats. Such deficits in rats with diabetes can be overcome by concurrent exercise training. However, in exercise-trained rats (CX and DX groups), moderate hyperglycemia lowers vasa nervorum and nerve function.
The Stability of Solutions for a Fractional Predator-Prey System
Authors: Guo Yingjia
Published: April 2014

We study a class of fractional predator-prey systems with Holling II functional response. A unique positive solution of this system is obtained. In order to prove the asymptotical stability of positive equilibrium for this system, we study the Lyapunov stability theory of a fractional system.
Analytical Method Development and Validation of Solifenacin in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms by RP-HPLC
Authors: Shaik Rihana Parveen , Puttagunta Srinivasa Babu , Kothapalli Bannoth Chandrasekar , Challa Bala Sekhara Reddy
Published: April 2014

A new, accurate, precise, and robust HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of solifenacin in tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Inertsil ODS 3V C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) stationary phase maintained at ambient temperature with a mobile phase combination of monobasic potassium phosphate (pH 3.5) containing 0.1% triethylamine and methanol (gradient mode) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min, and the detection was carried out by using UV detector at 220 nm. The performance of the method was validated according to the present ICH guidelines.
Wind Turbine Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Riemannian Manifold
Authors: Wang Shoubin , Sun Xiaogang , Li Chengwei
Published: April 2014

As multivariate time series problems widely exist in social production and life, fault diagnosis method has provided people with a lot of valuable information in the finance, hydrology, meteorology, earthquake, video surveillance, medical science, and other fields. In order to find faults in time sequence quickly and efficiently, this paper presents a multivariate time series processing method based on Riemannian manifold. This method is based on the sliding window and uses the covariance matrix as a descriptor of the time sequence. Riemannian distance is used as the similarity measure and the statistical process control diagram is applied to detect the abnormity of multivariate time series. And the visualization of the covariance matrix distribution is used to detect the abnormity of mechanical equipment, leading to realize the fault diagnosis. With wind turbine gearbox faults as the experiment object, the fault diagnosis method is verified and the results show that the method is reasonable and effective.
Nontrivial Solutions for Asymmetric Kirchhoff Type Problems
Authors: Pei Ruichang , Zhang Jihui
Published: April 2014

We consider a class of particular Kirchhoff type problems with a right-hand side nonlinearity which exhibits an asymmetric growth at+∞and−∞inℝN(N=2,3). Namely, it is 4-linear at−∞and 4-superlinear at+∞. However, it need not satisfy the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition on the positive semiaxis. Some existence results for nontrivial solution are established by combining Mountain Pass Theorem and a variant version of Mountain Pass Theorem with Moser-Trudinger inequality.
Decaying Dark Atom Constituents and Cosmic Positron Excess
Authors: Belotsky K. , Khlopov M. , Kouvaris C. , Laletin M.
Published: April 2014

We present a scenario where dark matter is in the form of dark atoms that can accommodate the experimentally observed excess of positrons in PAMELA and AMS-02 while being compatible with the constraints imposed on the gamma-ray ux from Fermi/LAT. This scenario assumes that the dominant component of dark matter is in the form of a bound state between a helium nucleus and a-2particle and a small component is in the form of a WIMP-like dark atom compatible with direct searches in underground detectors. One of the constituents of this WIMP-like state is a+2metastable particle with a mass of 1 TeV or slightly below that by decaying toe+e+,μ+μ+andτ+τ+produces the observed positron excess. These decays can naturally take place via GUT interactions. If it exists, such a metastable particle can be found in the next run of LHC. The model predicts also the ratio of leptons over baryons in the universe to be close to-3.
PSFCS: Robust Emergency Communications Supporting High Mobility Based on WiMAX MMR Networks
Authors: Jia Wen-Kang , Chen Chia-Yao , Chen Yaw-Chung
Published: April 2014

Nowadays public safety networks are widely deployed to support highly reliable wireless communications in case of emergency. The adoption of standardized systems such as WiMAX for emergency communications represents a significant advance in the off-the-shelf technologies for error detection and error correction. Since it is difficult to fully eliminate the Doppler effect under high speed moving environment, we propose an enhanced CRC-based error correction scheme that carries as much extra segmented frame Check Sequence (FCS) information as subblocks of emergency multicast/broadcast service (MBS) frame, called progressive and selective frame check sequence (PSFCS). In a mobile multihop relay (MMR) environment, a high-mobility mobile station might receive an emergency MBS frame more than once, so the PSFCS could be cross-referenced by duplicated frames received. Therefore the PSFCS achieves a significant performance improvement over the legacy FCS scheme in terms of error detection and correction of emergency MBS frames in a WiMAX MMR network operating in transparent mode. The experimental results show that the goodput and utilization of high-mobility mobile stations can be improved remarkably.
The Emerging Role of Biotechnological Drugs in the Treatment of Gout
Authors: Cavagna L. , Taylor W. J.
Published: April 2014

One of the most important therapeutic advances obtained in the field of rheumatology is the availability of the so-called bio(techno)logical drugs, which have deeply changed treatment perspectives in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. According to the steadily increasing attention on gout, due to well-established prognostic and epidemiology implications, in the last 5 years, the same change of perspective has been observed also for this disease. In fact, several bio(techno)logical agents have been investigated both for the management of the articular gout symptoms, targeting mainly interleukin-1β, as well as urate-lowering therapies such as recombinant uricases. Among the IL-1βinhibitors, the majority of studies involve drugs such as anakinra, canakinumab, and rilonacept, but other compounds are under development. Moreover, other potential targets have been suggested, as, for example, the TNF alpha and IL-6, even if data obtained are less robust than those of IL-1βinhibitors. Regarding urate-lowering therapies, the recombinant uricases pegloticase and rasburicase clearly showed their effectiveness in gout patients. Also in this case, new compounds are under development. The aim of this review is to focus on the various aspects of different bio(techno)logical drugs in gouty patients.
Stability Analysis of Fractional‐Order Nonlinear Systems with Delay
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Tianzeng
Published: April 2014

Stability analysis of fractional‐order nonlinear systems with delay is studied. We propose the definition of Mittag‐Leffler stability of time‐delay system and introduce the fractional Lyapunov direct method by using properties of Mittag‐Leffler function and Laplace transform. Then some new sufficient conditions ensuring asymptotical stability of fractional‐order nonlinear system with delay are proposed firstly. And the application of Riemann‐Liouville fractional‐order systems is extended by the fractional comparison principle and the Caputo fractional‐order systems. Numerical simulations of an example demonstrate the universality and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
GRE T2*-Weighted MRI: Principles and Clinical Applications
Authors: Tang Meng Yue , Chen Tian Wu , Zhang Xiao Ming , Huang Xiao Hua
Published: April 2014

The sequence of a multiecho gradient recalled echo (GRE) T2*-weighted imaging (T2*WI) is a relatively new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. In contrast to T2 relaxation, which acquires a spin echo signal, T2*relaxation acquires a gradient echo signal. The sequence of a GRE T2*WI requires high uniformity of the magnetic field. GRE T2*WI can detect the smallest changes in uniformity in the magnetic field and can improve the rate of small lesion detection. In addition, the T2*value can indirectly reflect changes in tissue biochemical components. Moreover, it can be used for the early diagnosis and quantitative diagnosis of some diseases. This paper reviews the principles and clinical applications as well as the advantages and disadvantages of GRE T2*WI.
EEG Eye State Identification Using Incremental Attribute Learning with Time‐Series Classification
Authors: Wang Ting , Guan Sheng-Uei , Man Ka Lok , Ting T. O.
Published: April 2014

Eye state identification is a kind of common time‐series classification problem which is also a hot spot in recent research. Electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used in eye state classification to detect human′s cognition state. Previous research has validated the feasibility of machine learning and statistical approaches for EEG eye state classification. This paper aims to propose a novel approach for EEG eye state identification using incremental attribute learning (IAL) based on neural networks. IAL is a novel machine learning strategy which gradually imports and trains features one by one. Previous studies have verified that such an approach is applicable for solving a number of pattern recognition problems. However, in these previous works, little research on IAL focused on its application to time‐series problems. Therefore, it is still unknown whether IAL can be employed to cope with time‐series problems like EEG eye state classification. Experimental results in this study demonstrates that, with proper feature extraction and feature ordering, IAL can not only efficiently cope with time‐series classification problems, but also exhibit better classification performance in terms of classification error rates in comparison with conventional and some other approaches.
The Research on Modeling and Simulation of TFE Polymerization Process
Authors: Sun Jing Gao , Cao Qin
Published: April 2014

PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) is the fluorinated straight‐chain polymer, made by the polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene monomer; it is used widely because of its excellent performance and can be obtained by the polymerization of body, solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. But only the last two are the main ways. This research paper makes simulation based on Polymer Plus. It uses the emulsion polymerization method at background to carry out a semibatch reactor system. Upon the actual production conditions, simulation process under the steady state conditions is used to analyze the effects of the changes on operating conditions; the corresponding dynamic model is created to analyze the impact of the changes of conditions on the entire system. Moreover, the amount of APS which plays an important part in this reaction is discussed for getting the most suitable amount of initiator. Because of less research work on this job, it is so difficult to find the related data from the literature. Therefore, this research will have a great significance for the process of the tetrafluoroethylene emulsion polymerization in the future.
Multisensor Based Neutral Function Identification of Solenoid Valve
Authors: Guo Yanqing , Fu Yongling , Qi Xiaoye , Cao Chun
Published: April 2014

Condition monitoring of hydraulic systems has been using automatic control in industrial system. In this paper, a sensor network based intelligent control is proposed for efficient solenoid valve identification. The detection system learns to detect the change of output pressure of multipoints that represent a more complicated task. Linear correlation analysis is introduced for feature extraction, which allows for a significant reduction in the dimension of original data without compromising the change detection performance. Implemented as an agent identifying the valve types under measurement, the support vector machine classifier achieves a significant high accuracy in identification and an increase in deployment efficiency. Experimental results prove that the system is feasible for application designs and could be implemented on technological platforms.
Infinitely Many Periodic Solutions of Duffing Equations with Singularities via Time Map
Authors: Ma Tiantian , Wang Zaihong
Published: April 2014

We study the periodic solutions of Duffing equations with singularitiesx′′+g(x)=p(t). By using Poincaré-Birkhoff twist theorem, we prove that the given equation possesses infinitely many positive periodic solutions provided thatgsatisfies the singular condition and the time map related to autonomous systemx′′+g(x)=0tends to zero.
A Relationship: Word Alignment, Phrase Table, and Translation Quality
Authors: Tian Liang , Wong Derek F. , Chao Lidia S. , Oliveira Francisco
Published: April 2014

In the last years, researchers conducted several studies to evaluate the machine translation quality based on the relationship between word alignments and phrase table. However, existing methods usually employ ad-hoc heuristics without theoretical support. So far, there is no discussion from the aspect of providing a formula to describe the relationship among word alignments, phrase table, and machine translation performance. In this paper, on one hand, we focus on formulating such a relationship for estimating the size of extracted phrase pairs given one or more word alignment points. On the other hand, a corpus-motivated pruning technique is proposed to prune the default large phrase table. Experiment proves that the deduced formula is feasible, which not only can be used to predict the size of the phrase table, but also can be a valuable reference for investigating the relationship between the translation performance and phrase tables based on different links of word alignment. The corpus-motivated pruning results show that nearly 98% of phrases can be reduced without any significant loss in translation quality.
A New Measurement Method of Relative Volume Wear Ratio Based on Discharge Debris Composition Analysis in Micro-EDM
Authors: Liu Wei , Jia Zhenyuan , Zou Shangbo , Zheng Xinyi
Published: April 2014

In microelectrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) milling process, due to the unavoidability of electrode wear, selection of electrode with high electrical erosion resistance and accurate electrode compensation is entitled to be conducted to ensure high precision and high quality. The RVWR is used as criterion for electrode wear characteristics and is fundamental to achieve accurate electrode compensation; however, it is hardly measured accurately with conventional methods. In this paper, firstly, the error of RVWR measured by conventional measurement method is analyzed. Thereafter, for accurately measuring RVWR, a new measurement method is proposed based on electrical debris composition analysis. The RVWR of widely used tungsten, molybdenum, and copper electrode in machining different materials is measured, respectively, and the optimum electrode is selected based on the measuring results. Finally, microgrooves on different materials are machined with tungsten electrode, and the experiment results show that the microstructures have good bottom surface profiles, which indicates that the proposed method is effective to precisely measure the RVWR and guarantee accurate electrode compensation in micro-EDM process.
An FPGA Task Placement Algorithm Using Reflected Binary Gray Space Filling Curve
Authors: Olakkenghil Senoj Joseph , Baskaran K.
Published: April 2014

With the arrival of partial reconfiguration technology, modern FPGAs support tasks that can be loaded in (removed from) the FPGA individually without interrupting other tasks already running on the same FPGA. Many online task placement algorithms designed for such partially reconfigurable systems have been proposed to provide efficient and fast task placement. A new approach for online placement of modules on reconfigurable devices, by managing the free space using a run-length based representation. This representation allows the algorithm to insert or delete tasks quickly and also to calculate the fragmentation easily. In the proposed FPGA model, the CLBs are numbered according to reflected binary gray space filling curve model. The search algorithm will quickly identify a placement for the incoming task based on first fit mode or a fragmentation aware best fit mode. Simulation experiments indicate that the proposed techniques result in a low ratio of task rejection and high FPGA utilization compared to existing techniques.
Autonomous Position Estimation of a Mobile Node Based on Landmark and Localization Sensor
Authors: Park Se-Jun , Park Jeong-Sik , Seo Yong-Ho , Yang Tae-Kyu
Published: April 2014

This study proposes an efficient position estimation method for localizing a mobile node in indoor environment. Although several conventional methods have been successfully applied for position estimation, they have some drawbacks such as low extendibility in an indoor space, intensive computation, and estimation errors. We propose a precise estimation approach based on a localization sensor and artificial landmarks. In our approach, a mobile node autonomously measures the location of landmarks attached to the ceiling with a localization sensor while moving across the landmarks and building a landmark map. And then, the node estimates its location under the ceiling using the map. In this process, we use a landmark histogram and a Kalman filter to reduce estimation errors. Several experiments performed using a mobile robot successfully demonstrated the feasibility of our proposed approach.
Modeling the Dynamics of Shanghai Interbank Offered Rate Based on Single‐Factor Short Rate Processes
Authors: Zhang Xili
Published: April 2014

Using the Shanghai Interbank Offered Rate data of overnight, 1 week, 2 week
and 1 month, this paper provides a comparative analysis of some popular one‐factor
short rate models, including the Merton model, the geometric Brownian model, the
Vasicek model, the Cox‐Ingersoll‐Ross model, and the mean‐reversion jump‐diffusion
model. The parameter estimation and the model selection of these single‐factor
short interest rate models are investigated. We document that the most successful
model in capturing the Shanghai Interbank Offered Rate is the mean‐reversion jump‐diffusion model.
New Rational Homoclinic and Rogue Waves for Davey-Stewartson Equation
Authors: Liu Changfu , Wang Chuanjian , Dai Zhengde , Liu Jun
Published: April 2014

A new method, homoclinic breather limit method (HBLM), for seeking rogue wave solution of nonlinear evolution equation is proposed. A new family of homoclinic breather wave solution, and rational homoclinic solution (homoclinic rogue wave) for DSI and DSII equations are obtained using the extended homoclinic test method and homoclinic breather limit method (HBLM), respectively. Moreover, rogue wave solution is exhibited as period of periodic wave in homoclinic breather wave approaches to infinite. This result shows that rogue wave can be generated by extreme behavior of homoclinic breather wave for higher dimensional nonlinear wave fields.
Application of Combinatorial Interaction Design for DC Servomotor PID Controller Tuning
Authors: Sahib Mouayad A. , Ahmed Bestoun S. , Potrus Moayad Y.
Published: April 2014

Combinatorial optimization has been used in different research areas. It has been employed successfully in software testing fields to construct minimum set of combinations (i.e., in terms of size) which in turn represents the minimum number of test cases. It was also found to be a successful approach that can be applied to solve other similar problems in different fields of research. In line with this approach, this paper presents a new application of the combinational optimization in the design of PID controller for DC servomotor. The design of PID controller involves the determination of three parameters. To find optimal initial PID parameters, different tuning methods have been proposed and designed in the literature. The combinatorial design is concerned with the arrangement of finite set of elements into combinatorial set that satisfies some given constraints. Consequently, the proposed method takes the interaction of the input parameters as a constraint for constructing this combinatorial set. The generated sets are then used in the proposed tuning method. The method proved its effectiveness within a set of experiments in a simulated environment.
Novel MSVPWM to Reduce the Inductor Current Ripple for Z-Source Inverter in Electric Vehicle Applications
Authors: Zhang Qianfan , Dong Shuai , Xue Ping , Zhou Chaowei , Cheng ShuKang
Published: April 2014

A novel modified space vector pulse width modulation (MSVPWM) strategy for Z-Source inverter is presented. By rearranging the position of shoot-through states, the frequency of inductor current ripple is kept constant. Compared with existing MSVPWM strategies, the proposed approach can reduce the maximum inductor current ripple. So the volume of Z-source network inductor can be designed smaller, which brings the beneficial effect on the miniaturization of the electric vehicle controller. Theoretical findings in the novel MSVPWM for Z-Source inverter have been verified by experiment results.
Local Fractional Poisson and Laplace Equations with Applications to Electrostatics in Fractal Domain
Authors: Li Yang-Yang , Zhao Yang , Xie Gong-Nan , Baleanu Dumitru , Yang Xiao-Jun , Zhao Kai
Published: April 2014

From the local fractional calculus viewpoint, Poisson and Laplace equations were presented in this paper. Their applications to the electrostatics in fractal media are discussed and their local forms in the Cantor-type cylindrical coordinates are also obtained.
Prediction and Experimental Validation of Cutting Force for Bull-Nose End Mills with Lead Angle
Authors: Wu Baohai , Gao Ge , Luo Ming , Xie Gongnan
Published: April 2014

This study focuses on cutting force predictions with the tool-workpiece inclination angle in bull-nose milling based on the semimechanistic force model. By analyzing kinematics and mechanics of the bull-nose end mills during cutting, force expressions including lead angle are stated and the model is exerted on each discrete element as oblique cutting with coordinate transformation and numerical integration to obtain the dynamic cutting force components. An improved identification method considering speed variations along the tool axis is applied to calibrate coefficients. Coefficients are regarded as the function of each elemental elevation. Then, a geometry-based method to acquire cutter workpiece engagement (CWE) is proposed. Also acquisition of accurate start and exit angles on each slice is deliberated elaborately for cutters with lead or tilt angle in milling processes. Thereby, to verify the validity of the force prediction model and start-exit angle acquisition method, experiments with variable lead angles are conducted under different axial immersions. The results reveal that the presented model and approaches can predict cutting forces with high accuracy. Finally, the cutting force components under different cutter postures and conditions are analyzed to provide instructions for parameter selections.
A Joint Optimization of Momentum Item and Levenberg‐Marquardt Algorithm to Level Up the BPNN’s Generalization Ability
Authors: Xiao Lei , Chen Xiaohui , Zhang Xinghui
Published: April 2014

Back propagation neural network (BPNN) as a kind of artificial neural network is widely used in pattern recognition and trend prediction. For standard BPNN, it has many drawbacks such as trapping into local optima, oscillation, and long training time. Because training the standard BPNN is based on gradient descent method, and the learning rate is fixed. Momentum item and Levenberg‐Marquardt (LM) algorithm are two ways to adjust the weights among the neurons and improve the BPNN’s performance. However, there is still much space to improve the two algorithms. The hybrid optimization of damping factor of LM and the dynamic momentum item is proposed in this paper. The improved BPNN is validated by Fisher Iris data and wine data. Then, it is used to predict the visit_spend. The database is provided by Dunnhumby′s Shopper Challenge. Compared with the other two improved BPNNs, the proposed method gets a better performance. Therefore, the proposed method can be used to do the pattern recognition and time series prediction more effectively.
Influence of Processing Type in the Morphology of Membranes Obtained from PA6/MMT Nanocomposites
Authors: Ferreira Rodholfo da Silva Barbosa , Pereira Caio Henrique do Ó , da Paz Rene Anisio , Damião Leite Amanda Melissa , Araújo Edcleide Maria , Lira Hélio de Lucena
Published: April 2014

The nanocomposites have an extensive use in the current process of membrane preparation, taking into account their unique features as membranes. Thus, the study of nanocomposite processing to obtain membranes is highly important. In this work, Brazilian clay was used (Brasgel PA) for the preparation of polyamide/clay nanocomposite. The nanocomposites were produced in a high rotation homogenizer and in a twin screw extruder. From the nanocomposites and pure polymers processed in the two equipments, membranes were prepared by the immersion-precipitation method, using formic acid as solvent. By X-ray diffraction (XRD), the formation of exfoliated and/or partially exfoliated structures with changes in the crystalline phases of the polyamide was observed. From scanning electron microscopy images, it was observed that the processing clearly influenced the membrane morphology.
Delay-Dependent RobustL2-L∞Filtering for a Class of Fuzzy Stochastic Systems
Authors: Li Ze , Yang Xinhao
Published: April 2014

This paper is concerned with theL2-L∞filtering problem for a kind of Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy stochastic system with time-varying delay and parameter uncertainties. Parameter uncertainties in the system are assumed to satisfy global Lipschitz conditions. And the attention of this paper is focused on the stochastically mean-square stability of the filtering error system, and theL2-L∞performance level of the output error with the disturbance input. The method designed for the delay-dependent filter is developed based on linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is substantiated with an illustrative example.
Numerical Simulation of 3D Solid-Liquid Turbulent Flow in a Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Pump: Performance Comparison of Four Geometric Models
Authors: Shi Baocheng , Wei Jinjia
Published: April 2014

For numerically simulating 3D solid-liquid turbulent flow in low specific speed centrifugal pumps, there exist several problems including how to design geometrical shape of the calculation model to represent the real pump and how to predict pump performance accurately to guide the design of pump. To solve these problems, four kinds of geometric models were designed. The performance of a low specific speed solid-liquid centrifugal pump was predicted, and the results showed that the improved prediction methods are more accurate than the traditional method. Moreover, the simulation results of the entire flow field of the geometric model including balance holes and the lateral clearances of impeller in which liquid rotates with half speed of impeller are closer to the real situation.
New Directions in Direct Dark Matter Searches
Authors: Panci Paolo
Published: April 2014

I present the status of direct dark matter detection with specific attention to the experimental results and their phenomenological interpretation in terms of dark matter interactions. In particular I review a new and more general approach to study signals in this field based on nonrelativistic operators which parametrize more efficiently the dark matter-nucleus interactions in terms of a very limited number of relevant degrees of freedom. Then I list the major experimental results, pointing out the main uncertainties that affect the theoretical interpretation of the data. Finally, since the underlying theory that describes both the dark matter and the standard model fields is unknown, I address the uncertainties coming from the nature of the interaction. In particular, the phenomenology of a class of models in which the interaction between dark matter particles and target nuclei is of a long range type is discussed.
Adalimumab Treatment in Biologically Naïve Crohn’s Disease: Relationship with Ectopic MUC5AC Expression and Endoscopic Improvement
Authors: Mizoshita Tsutomu , Tanida Satoshi , Tsukamoto Hironobu , Ozeki Keiji , Katano Takahito , Nishiwaki Hirotaka , Ebi Masahide , Mori Yoshinori , Kubota Eiji , Kataoka Hiromi , Kamiya Takeshi , Joh Takashi
Published: April 2014

Background. Adalimumab (ADA) is effective for patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). However, there have been few reports on ADA therapy with respect to its relationship with pathologic findings and drug efficacy in biologically naïve CD cases.Methods. Fifteen patients with active biologically naïve CD were treated with ADA. We examined them clinically and pathologically with ectopic MUC5AC expression in the lesions before and after 12 and 52 weeks of ADA therapy, retrospectively.Results. Both mean CD activity index scores and serum C-reactive protein values were significantly lower after ADA therapy (P<0.001). In the MUC5AC negative group, all cases exhibited clinical remission (CR) and endoscopic improvement at 52 weeks. In MUC5AC positive groups, loss of MUC5AC expression was detected in cases having CR and endoscopic improvement at 52 weeks, while remnant ectopic MUC5AC expression was observed in those exhibiting no endoscopic improvement and flare up after 52 weeks.Conclusions. ADA leads to CR and endoscopic improvement in biologically naïve CD cases. In addition, ectopic MUC5AC expression may be a predictive marker of flare up and endoscopic improvement in the intestines of CD patients.