bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with use of sexual enhancers and erectile dysfunction medications among male undergraduates aged 18-35yrs at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya
Authors: Kidake Kayose Flaviah
Published: December 2020

Background: Oral erectile dysfunction medications and sexual enhancers have been increasingly abused among young men without a medical indication. Recreational use of erectile dysfunction medication (EDMs) and sexual enhancers is associated with risky sexual behaviour and substance use. In recognition of the sexual health challenges facing the youth, this study sought to establish the level of utilization of sexual enhancers and EDMs and factors associated with their use among the youth in JKUAT. Methods: A concurrent nested design was be used. It adopted a cross-sectional quantitative study design (through self-administered questionnaires) and a concurrent qualitative study (through Focus Group Discussions). Simple random sampling was used to obtain the required study participants for both quantitative data (420 respondents) and qualitative data (48 respondents). Results: Among the 420 respondents (age, 21.7 ±2.03years), 82.9% (n=348) had heard about EDMs and/or sexual enhancers but only10 % (n=42) has used them. There was a significant relationship between EDM and/or sexual enhancers use and age (P<0.001), religion (P=0.013), number of sexual partners (P=0.027), number of ‘one-night’ stands (P=0.003), and use of condom or knowledge of partner’s status before intercourse (P=0.011). Conclusion: The prevalence of EDMs and/or sexual enhancer use among the students was 10%. Risky sexual behaviour and substance abuse including alcohol consumption was associated with EDMs and/or sexual enhancers’ use. The university social environment influenced the sexual risk behaviours. Continuous awareness campaigns aimed at educating undergraduate students about the risks involved in the recreational use of EDMs and/or sexual enhancers should be done.
Envisioning a sustainable future for water
Authors: Strang Veronica
Published: December 2020

The water sector has a major leadership role to play in addressing the global water crisis. How can it make the radical shifts in approach that are needed? This paper highlights the reality that the management of water, and the ways in which water flows are directed, reflects social relations of power, not just between human groups, but also between humankind and the non-human world. Drawing on in-depth ethnographic research with indigenous communities and other water users in river catchments around the world, it considers alternate cultural worldviews that encourage more sustainable beliefs and practices, and asks how larger societies might make imaginative use of these in contemporary and future engagements with water. In a thought experiment intended to reposition human–non-human relations, it proposes a concept of ‘re-imagined communities’ advocating more collaborative forms of conviviality – living together – with other species. Opening the door to ideas about pan-species democracy, it calls for decision-making processes in which a wide range of expertise is brought together to exchange knowledge, with an explicit and practical remit to ‘speak for’ and promote the needs and interests of the non-human inhabitants of the ecosystems on which all living kinds depend.
Data pre-processing and artificial neural networks for tidal level prediction at the Pearl River Estuary
Authors: Liang Bing-Xian , Hu Jin-Peng , Liu Cheng , Hong Bo
Published: December 2020

Traditionally, tidal level is predicted by harmonic analysis (HA). In this paper, three hybrid models that couple varied pre-processing methods, which are empirical mode decomposition (EMD), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), and empirical wavelet transform (EWT), with the nonlinear autoregressive networks with exogenous inputs (NARX) were applied to forecast tidal level. The models were, namely, EMD-NARX, EEMD-NARX, and EWT-NARX. The sub-series obtained by using EMD or EEMD or EWT were then used as the input vectors to the NARX with the original data as targets. Notably, the EWT-NARX model was employed to predict the tidal level for the first time. Simulations were based on the measurements from four tidal stations at the Pearl River Estuary, China. The results showed that the EWT-NARX, EEMD-NARX, and EMD-NARX outperformed the HA model. Specifically, EWT-NARX was optimal among the four. Moreover, from the Hilbert energy spectra we can see the EWT solved the mode-mixing problem that EMD and EEMD suffered from, thus enabling precise tidal level prediction. Simulations and experimental results confirmed that the EWT-NARX model can achieve prediction of the tidal level with high accuracy.
Microbial contamination of drinking water from vending machines of Eastern Coachella Valley
Authors: Hile Thomas D. , Dunbar Stephen G. , Sinclair Ryan G.
Published: December 2020

Drinking water quality from sources other than tap water is increasingly becoming a source of concern in many communities. Communities in the Eastern Coachella Valley (ECV), Riverside County, California, USA have raised concerns regarding bulk drinking water from water vending machines (WVMs) found in public vendors. To address concerns, we conducted microbiological contamination assessments of drinking water from WVMs in the ECV using heterotrophic plate counts (HPC), the presence of total coliforms using IDEXX technology, and real-time PCR (qPCR). We also measured temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and free chlorine concentration. Twenty-five WVMs were sampled by using positively charged NanoCeram® filters in the field. Results indicated 32% of WVMs had total coliforms, and 21% had HPC above Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requirements. Through qPCR, we found 81% of WVMs had Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter jejuni, 76% had Enterococcus faecalis, and 90% had Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results indicated most WVM samples we collected contained genetic material of pathogenic microorganisms and therefore, did not meet EPA drinking water standards. There is an urgency to enforce WVM maintenance through drain flushing, spigot cleaning, rust removal, filter replacement, and limits to physico-chemical parameters.
Water quality index and spatio-temporal perspective of a large Brazilian water reservoir
Authors: de Oliveira Karla Lorrane , Ramos Ramatisa Ladeia , Oliveira Sílvia Corrêa , Christofaro Cristiano
Published: December 2020

The water spatio-temporal variability of the Irapé Hydroelectric Power Plant reservoir and its main tributaries was evaluated by analysing the temporal trend of the main parameters and applying the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI), using data from 2008 to 2018. This reservoir is in Minas Gerais, Brazil, and covers an area of approximately 143 km2 across seven municipalities. The dissolved iron (DFe) presented the highest percentage of standards violations (31.7% to 80.5%), most frequently in the reservoir tributaries. The Mann–Kendall tests indicated that the monitoring stations showed an increasing trend of 78.5% N–NH4+ and 64.1% DFe. During the evaluated period, the reservoir waters were classified as excellent (1.2%), good (61.3%), acceptable (29.5%), and poor (8.0%) according to the WQI for the proposed use. The poorest quality classes were more frequent in the tributaries, especially in the year 2009. The WQI seasonal assessment indicated a worsening during the rainy season in 57% of the stations, as a result of external material transport to the water bodies. The CCME WQI, in conjunction with temporal statistical analysis, contributed to the interpretation of the monitoring data, generating important information for reservoir water quality management.
DO CAMPO DO VISÍVEL E INVISÍVEL À PERFORMANCE DE CURA ESPIRITUAL: UM ENSAIO ANALÍTICO SOBRE ATENDIMENTOS DE UMA PAJÉ CABOCLO EM SANTARÉM/PA
Authors: Silva Dárnisson Viana
Published: December 2020

Este artigo resulta da preocupação de abordar o tema da performance em práticas de interação social, pensado inicialmente para uma disciplina de curso de doutorado intitulada “Antropologia e Performance” no ano de 2016. Posteriormente, a partir de dados de campo na região do Baixo Amazonas, no final do mesmo ano, houve o interesse de produzir alguns insights sobre as intersecções do conceito com outras dimensões do vivido nas interações sociais produzidas em contextos de práticas de “cura espiritual”. Para tanto, analisamos o caso de uma pajé caboclo num sítio urbano do município de Santarém, no oeste do Estado do Pará, através de abordagem etnográfica, descrição de relatos e consultas pessoais. No transcorrer da análise foram elaboradas reflexões com contribuições da fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961) e dos estudos em performance focando os aspectos ritualísticos da ação. Assim, buscou-se identificar alguns operadores performativos no atendimento de pessoas que recorrem a esses conhecimentos tradicionais de cura, bem como avaliar em que medida se estabelece conexões com a eficácia terapêutica ali investida. Em uma consideração ensaística foi possível verificar modelos de persuasão próprios da cultura da pajelança cabocla onde o que identificamos como performance de cura cumpre papel fundamental nos processos de cura espiritual.
Promieniowanie słoneczne a witamina D i nowotwory skóry
Authors: Nowicka Grażyna
Published: December 2020

Solar radiation is a part of the environment of man. Ultraviolet В radiation in required for the biosynthesis of vitamin D, which is generally associated with calcium metabolism and significantly influences a wide range of metabolic systems, therefore, has a strong influence on human health. However, exposure to sunlight carries potential risks to human health. Ultraviolet radiation is a known carcinogen and excessive sunlight exposure significantly increases risk of skin cancer.
Od ruchu protestu do partii władzy. Rozwój Zielonych w Niemczech
Authors: Brzozowski-Zabost Grzegorz
Published: December 2020

The author presents in this paper the developing process of German Green Party. In the 1970s new social movements like environmentalists, peace organizations and feminist founded political party The Greens (Die Grünen). It was an act of opposition against pollution, use of nuclear power, and some aspects of life in highly developed and industrialized society, the formal inauguration was held 1980 in West Germany. 1990 three civil rights groups in East Germany combined to form Bündnis 90, which merged with Die Grünen after long uniting process in 1993. 18 years after foundation they built together with social democrats from SPD government which lasted for two term of office between 1998 and 2005. So day there are a lot of green parties all over the world, but and the German greens are the most successful, they are an example for other green parties.
Arare bone metastasis of mammary carcinoma in a female dog: case report
Authors: Zuchi Tainá Luana Vieira Lopes , Lopatini Cláudia Luana , Spricigo Júlia Balena , Sueiro Felipe Augusto Ruiz , Faria Joice Lara Maia
Published: December 2020

Mammary gland tumors are the most frequent neoplasm in dogs and are mostly malignant. Metastases ordinarily occur firstly at the pulmonary level, and subsequently in the lymph nodes, liver and kidneys. Less frequently, they appear at the bone. Therefore, the present study report a case of bone metastasis in a seven-year-old female boxer dog, consisting of poorly differentiated carcinoma that probably originated from mammary carcinoma. For the diagnosis, the bone biopsy was performed and the tissue fragmentsobtained were sent for histopathological examination. The positive immunohistochemical stain for cytokeratin 7 performed later reinforced the hypothesis that mammary carcinoma was the primary site of metastasis. The occurrences of bone metastases arising from the mammary gland are rare among dogs, possibly because metastasis is underdiagnosed and the animals do not reach the final stage of the disease. Thereby, there is a need to investigate the entire skeleton more accurately, in order to make an early diagnosis of bone metastasis and increase these animals’ survival.
Multifunctional Enzymes as Targets for the Treatment of Tuberculosis: Paving the Way for New Anti-TB Drugs
Authors: Teixeira Carla Sílvia Silva , Cerqueira Nuno M.F.S.A. , Sousa Sérgio Filipe
Published: December 2020

In spite of the medical and technological developments of the last centuries,
Tuberculosis (TB) has remained a challenging disease, with a limited number of therapeutic
options, particularly in light of the increase in drug-resistant cases. The search for new
molecules continues, with several candidates currently in clinical testing and ongoing efforts
to identify novel targets. This work summarizes recent developments on anti-TB
therapy, starting by discussing the current epidemiologic status and presenting an
overview of the history of anti-tuberculosis drug discovery. Special attention is dedicated
to five multifunctional enzymes that are regarded as promising targets for new anti-TB
drugs: 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase
(ATIC); 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate synthase (DHBPS)/GTP cyclohydrolase
II (GCHII); glutamine dependent NAD+ Synthetase (NadE); chorismate synthase (CS);
and Tryptophan synthase (TS). These enzymes are involved in metabolic pathways
critical for the M. tuberculosis survival, growth or replication, but that are not expressed
in humans or have significant differences in terms of functionality, which makes them appealing
targets. Their function, structure, possible catalytic mechanisms, and current inhibition
strategies and inhibitors are reviewed and discussed.
Polynomials of Degree-Based Indices of Metal-Organic Networks
Authors: Ahmad Ali , Asim Muhammad Ahsan , Nadeem Muhammad Faisal
Published: December 2020

Aim and Objective:

Metal-organic network (MON) is a special class of molecular compounds comprising of
groups or metal ion and carbon-based ligand. These chemical compounds are examined employing one, two- or threedimensional formation of porous ore and subfamilies of polymers. Metal-organic networks are frequently utilized in
catalysis for the parting & distillation of different gases and by means of conducting solid or super-capacitor. In various
scenarios, the compounds are observed balanced in the procedure of deletion or diluter of the molecule and can be rebuilt
with another molecular compound. The physical solidity and mechanical characteristics of the metal-organic network have
attained great attention due to the mention properties. This study was undertaken to find the polynomials of MON.

Methods:

Topological descriptor is a numerical number that is utilized to predict the natural correlation amongst the
physico-chemical properties of the molecular structures in their elementary networks.

Results:

After partitioning the vertices based on their degrees, we calculate different degree-based topological polynomials
for two distinct metal-organic networks with an escalating number of layers containing both metals and carbon-based ligand
vertices.

Conclusion:

In the analysis of the metal-organic network, topological descriptors and their polynomials play an important
part in modern chemistry. An analysis between the calculated various forms of the polynomials and topological descriptors
through the numeric values and their graphs is also comprised.
Remdesivir and Hydroxychloroquine: A Compassionate Use in Covid-19
Authors: Kaur Amritpal , Chaudhary Gaurav , Singh Pargat , Arora Sandeep , Kaur Rajwinder
Published: December 2020

Objective:

Early in December 2019, mass sufferers due to Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia
(SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan (China) roused worldwide concern. Hardly any drugs showed the
light of hope concerning the depletion in the period of treatment, and virological suppression became
ineffective. Furthermore, numerous sufferers have undergone off-label use or compassionate
use treatments as well as antiretroviral, antiparasitic agents, anti-inflammatory compounds, and convalescent
plasma in either oral/parenteral route. This study aims to compile and analyze the effectiveness
of Remdesivir and Hydroxychloroquine and give an insight into their drug profile in the
treatment and management of COVID-19 patients.

Method:

Relevant literature was searched from PubMed, Crossref, Springer, Bentham Sciences,
Google Scholar, DOAJ, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE by using keywords like COVID-19, SARS--
COV-2, Remdesivir, and Hydroxychloroquine. Appropriate peer-reviewed articles were studied
and compiled for this review paper. The figures were prepared by using ChemOffice 2016 (Chem-
Draw Professional 2016) and Microsoft Office.

Results:

This study indicates that 5 out of 10 works of literature find that Remdesivir leads to a reduction
in recovery time, and the remaining 5 pieces of literature found Remdesivir to have no
variance and have limitations. However, 6 out of 12 articles presented an increased chance of survival
or reduction in recovery time due to hydroxychloroquine, while the remaining 6 presented hydroxychloroquine
having no effect.

Conclusion:

There is a need to assess more pharmacokinetics and randomized controlled trials (RCT) for both remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine. Furthermore, studies should be conducted in different combinations along with hydroxychloro-quine and remdesivir to get efficient results.
Chagas Disease and Coumarins: A Review of Natural and Synthetic Coumarins As Anti-Trypanosoma Cruzi Agents
Authors: Gonçalves Guilherme Arraché , Cerecetto Hugo , Poser Gilsane Lino von , Canto Rômulo Faria Santos , Eifler-Lima Vera Lucia
Published: December 2020

The complexity of Chagas disease is still a challenge in endemic regions and an emergent
public health problem in non-endemic countries. The causative agent of this neglected tropical disease,
Trypanosoma cruzi, is mainly transmitted by triatomine vectors and possesses multiple epidemiologically
important strains. Current chemotherapeutics are outdated and their limited efficacy is one
of the major reasons for treatment discontinuation. In this context, the development of novel, safe and
economically accessible antichagasic drugs is required. Various classes of heterocycles and natural
compounds have been described as potential antichagasic scaffolds, and coumarins are no exception.
These versatile compounds have a wide spectrum of biological activities, and numerous natural and
synthetic coumarins have been reported with antichagasic potential. This review aims to discuss the
available literature between 2001 and 2020 regarding natural and synthetic coumarins with anti-
Trypanosoma cruzi activity. Moreover, some of the studies herein comprised are dedicated to the potential
of coumarins to inhibit promising targets in Trypanosoma cruzi.
miR-375 Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting XPR1
Authors: Wu Wenbin , Zhang Yangmei , Li Xiaowu , Wang Xiang , Yuan Yuan
Published: December 2020

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of the miR-375/XPR1
axis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and provide a new idea for targeted therapy
of ESCC.

Methods:

Differentially expressed genes in GEO and TCGA databases were analyzed by bioinformatics.
The expression levels of miR-375 and XPR1 mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR. Protein
expression of XPR1 was detected by western blot. Bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase assay
were conducted to confirm the target relationship between miR-375 and XPR1. The viability,
proliferation, migration and invasion of cells in each treatment group were detected by CCK-8,
colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays.

Results:

Significantly down-regulated miR-375 and remarkably up-regulated XPR1 were observed
in ESCC tissue and cells. Overexpression of miR-375 inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration
of ESCC cells, and greatly reduced the promoting effect of XPR1 overexpression on cell proliferation,
migration and invasion. Dual luciferase assay confirmed that miR-375 targeted and inhibited
XPR1 expression in ESCC.

Conclusion:

These results demonstrate the regulatory role of the miR-375/XPR1 axis in ESCC
cells and provide a new potential target for the precise treatment of patients with ESCC.
Current and Future Therapeutic Targets: A Review on Treating Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Madhukar Geet , Subbarao Naidu
Published: December 2020

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) continues to be a global public
health burden even after a tremendous development in its treatment. It is a heterogeneous cancer of
upper aero-digestive tract. The contemporary strategy to treat cancer is the use of anticancer drugs
against proteins possessing abnormal expression. Targeted chemotherapy was found successful in
HNSCC, but, there is still a stagnant improvement in the survival rates and high recurrence rates
due to undesirable chemotherapy reactions, non-specificity of drugs, resistance against drugs and
drug toxicity on non-cancerous tissues and cells. Various extensive studies lead to the identification
of drug targets capable to treat HNSCC effectively. The current review article gives an insight
into these promising anticancer targets along with knowledge of drugs under various phases of development.
In addition, new potential targets that are not yet explored against HNSCC are also described.
We believe that exploring and developing drugs against these targets might prove beneficial
in treating HNSCC.
One-Pot Green Synthesis of Acridine Alkaloid Derivatives and Screening of in vitro Anti-cancer Activity Against Cdc25b and SHP1
Authors: Li Hao , Song Buer , Mahmut Mamtimin , Imerhasan Mukhtar
Published: December 2020

Aims:

To develop anti-cancer active pharmaceutical intermediates.

Background:

Acridone derivatives possess a wide range of pharmacological activities: 1) they intercalate DNA
and 2) form a covalent bond with DNA.

Objective:

To screen in vitro anti-cancer activity against Cdc25b and SHP1 of new acridone derivatives and preliminary
study on the structure-activity relationship.

Materials and Methods:

The synthesis of new acridone derivatives and in vitro evaluation of their anti-cancer
activity on Cdc25b and SHP1 was achieved. Natural products that contain acridine structures, such as cystodytin
A and acronycine, are isolated from certain marine (tunicates & ascidians, sponges, sea anemones) and plant
(bark of Australian scrub ash tree) species. Herein, we report the efficient one-pot green synthesis of twelve novel
3,4-dihydro-1 (2H) acridone derivatives, using montmorillonite K10 as the catalyst and iron/citric acid in water.
Also, their inhibitory activity against Cdc25B and SHP1 is examined, in which specific derivatives show enhanced
inhibitory activity compared to others.

Results and Discussion:

Twelve new acridone derivatives were prepared, starting from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde derivatives
and 1, 3-cyclohexanedione derivatives, which exhibited substantial anti-cancer activity against Cdc25b
and SHP1 cells.

Conclusion:

Preliminary studies on the structure-activity relationship have shown the influence of the structural
parameters and, in particular, the nature of the substituent on aromatic ring structure and cyclohexanone.

Other:

Further study on the structure-activity relationship is required.
Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential of Heat Shock Proteins in Schistosomiasis and Bladder Cancer: A Review
Authors: Qokoyi Ndibonani Kebonang , Masamba Priscilla , Munsamy Geraldene , Kappo Abidemi Paul
Published: December 2020

Schistosomiasis is a waterborne tropical disease caused by infection with parasitic worms
of the Schistosoma genus resulting in significant morbidity in the Middle East, South America,
Southeast Asia and, mostly, in sub-Saharan Africa. For over 30 decades, this disease has been on a
gradual rise, claiming thousands of lives and disfiguring its sufferers. Currently, over 280 000 mortalities
per annum are attributed to this disease, with about 207 million reported cases of infection
worldwide. In addition to these overwhelming statistics, infection caused by S. haematobium has
been reported to predispose its sufferers to cancer of the bladder. Bladder cancer is regarded as the
most common type of cancer in the urinary system, with relatively high incidence, progression and
mortality rates despite the efforts put into providing optimal treatment for the disease. Despite the
diagnostic and treatment options already put into place, there is still a growing need to develop alternative
strategies to combat these diseases. The high expression levels of a group of molecular chaperones,
known as heat shock proteins, can be used as biomarkers of infection and can consequently
play a role in the development of alternative treatment methods.
The Use of Cinnamic Acid and Cinnamaldehyde, as Bio-Based Molecules, in Organic Synthesis and Preparation of Biologically Active Compounds
Authors: Zalivatskaya Anna S. , Zakusilo Dmitriy N. , Vasilyev Aleksander V.
Published: December 2020

:

Cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde may be obtained from renewable plant bio-mass, Cinnamon plants, therefore
these compounds should be considered as bio-based platform chemicals for synthesis of novel substances. This review
describes recent achievements in organic synthesis based on transformations of cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and its
derivatives, focusing, mainly, on the preparation of biologically active compounds. Reactions of these cinnamic derivatives
may proceed both onto carbon-carbon double bond and carbonyl group that allows obtaining a wide variety of organic
compounds having high synthetic importance and different practically valuable properties, including biological activity.
An Insight into Synthetic Strategies for Schiff Base Derivatives with Diverse Biological Activities
Authors: Singh Jagseer , Chawla Pooja A. , Akhtar Md. Jawaid , Kumar Bhupinder
Published: December 2020

Schiff base or imine or azomethine is one of the most important organic compounds that has been reported to
play a significant role in various biological processes. The group is a part of natural or non-natural compounds and is
involved as important precursors as diversified agents and as intermediates for the synthesis of biologically active agents.
The review outlines the detailed design strategy, synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of different Schiff bases
for various biological activities. We have tried to outline the key points of various researchers with respect to biological
activities. The results of different studies demonstrate Schiff bases as a linker in many synthetic compounds displaying a
broad range of activities. We believe that the present review will provide comprehensive knowledge about medicinal
importance of Schiff bases and serve as important literature in designing the synthesis of novel molecules containing Schiff
base as pharmacophore or biologically active moiety.
Patients with Rheumatic Diseases Overlooked during COVID-19 Pandemic: How are They Doing and Behaving?
Authors: Adnine Anass , Soussan Ilias , Nadiri Khawla , Coulibaly Siriman , Berrada Khadija , Najdi Adil , Abourazzak Fatima Ezzahra
Published: December 2020

Background:

People with rheumatic disease may be at higher risk for more severe
course with COVID- 19, and the adverse effects of drugs used to treat rheumatic diseases is a major
concern.

Objective:

We conducted this survey to learn about the real impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients
with rheumatic diseases.

Methods:

Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire using a telephonic interview conducted
by two rheumatologists. Rheumatic disease characteristics, knowledge and attitude toward
COVID-19, and impacts of pandemic on rheumatology care and patient’s compliance were assessed.

Results:

We included 307 patients in the survey, and rheumatoid arthris was the main rheumatic
disease. Patients had mostly moderate level of knowledge about COVID-19, and patients with higher
level of education were more likely to have better knowledge. Participants respected mainly recommended
preventive measures. The pandemic and sanitary containment impacted strongly the
rheumatology care. Over quarter of patients noted worsening of their rheumatic disease, two-thirds
reported postponed or canceled medical apointments and more than three quarters postponed their
laboratory tests. Patients with higher disease activity were more likely to have lack of follow-up.
Medication change was noted in more than third of cases. It was mostly stopped, and DMARDs
were mainly affected. Patients living in rural areas and who had canceled, or postponed their appointments
were more likely to change their treatment.

Conclusions:

Our data are useful to better manage rheumatic patients. Physicians are encouraged to
renew contact with their patients to insure medication compliance.
The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Health Belief Model on Beliefs Towards Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in a Sample of Iranian Female Nursing Students
Authors: Bayrami Roghieh , Didarloo Alireza , Khalkhali Hamid Reza , Ayatollahi Haleh , Ghorbani Bita
Published: December 2020

Background:

According to the previous studies, Iranian university students do not have a
firm belief in the effectiveness of HPV vaccination.

Objective:

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a Health Belief Model (HBM)-based
training program on beliefs of Iranian female nursing students towards HPV vaccination.

Materials and Methods:

The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 female nursing
students in West Azerbaijan province, Iran, in 2019. A total of 80 nursing students were selected as
the participants via convenience sampling and were randomly assigned into two groups (40 in each
group). The participants in the intervention group attended the HBM training program for 4 weeks
and received instructions on HPV related diseases and HPV vaccination, whereas the members of
the control group received no education. The HBM questionnaire was administered to the participants
in both groups before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and one month
later. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22 through chi-square test, independent samples
t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05.

Results:

Immediately after the intervention and one month later, the intervention group showed a
significant increase in perceived severity, perceived benefits, and cues to action compared to the
control group (P < 0.05). There was a difference of borderline significance between the intervention
and control groups in terms of perceived barriers immediately after the intervention (P=.061).

Conclusion:

According to the results of the present study, educational intervention based on HBM constructs can be used
in changing students’ beliefs toward HPV vaccine and its acceptance.
Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumor: A Clinicoradiologic Series with Literature Review
Authors: Kilinc Yagmur Basak , Sari Lutfullah , Toprak Huseyin , Gultekin Mehmet Ali , Karabulut Ummuhan Ebru , Sahin Nurhan
Published: December 2020

Background:

Ovarian granulosa cell tumors that originate from the sex cord-stromal
cells represent 2% to 5% of all ovarian cancers. These tumors constitute two subgroups according
to their clinical and histopathological features: juvenile granulosa cell tumors (JGCT) and adult
granulosa cell tumors (AGCT). Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is considered to be a low-grade malignancy
with a favorable prognosis.

Methods:

This case series includes four patients who admitted to our university hospital and had an MRI examination
within 5 years.

Results:

The histopathological subtype of granulosa tumor was the adult type in 3 patients and juvenile
type in 1 patient. Even though it is extremely rare, bone metastases were present in one of our
patients. Liver metastases were also detected in one patient. The MRI examination of tumors revealed
a heterogeneous solid mass that contained cystic components in 3 patients. In one of our patients,
the tumor had a multiseptated cystic feature, and all of the tumors were ovoid or round with
smooth margins. T1 signal hyperintensity, not suppressed on fat saturation sequences, was observed
in 3 patients, which represents its hemorrhagic content.

Conclusion:

Even though granulosa cell tumor shows a wide spectrum in terms of tumor appearance,
some common findings have been shown and especially a hemorrhagic content could be a
clue for us. The tumor is known to have a good prognosis, but it may have an unpredictable clinical
course, so close follow-up is greatly important.
Evaluation of 99mTechnetium-Vancomycin Imaging Potential in Experimental Rat Model for the Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Kış Tuba Tatlı , Köse Şükran , Yılmaz Osman , Kış Mehmet , Yurt Fatma , Acar Emine , Bekiş Recep , Yılmaz Canberk , Barış Mustafa , Diniz Gülden , Tatar Bengü , Tunçel Ayça
Published: December 2020

Background:

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the heart’s endocardial surface.
In recent years, nuclear imaging methods have gained importance in the diagnosis of IE. The
present study aims to investigate the imaging potential of 99mTc-labeled vancomycin (99mTc-Vancomycin)
as a new agent that would enable the diagnosis of IE in its early stages when it is difficult
to diagnose or has small vegetation in the experimental rat model.

Methods:

99mTc-Vancomycin scintigraphy was evaluated for its accumulation in IE with Staphylococcus
aureus performed in an experimental rat model. Serial planar scintigraphic and biodistribution
analysis of infected vegetations are compared to rats with sterile vegetations. The heart was
identified as an infected organ, the liver was identified as a non-infected organ and the heart/liver
uptake ratio (T / NT ratio) was compared between infective endocarditis and sterile endocarditis
groups.

Results:

Planar scintigrams (in vivo measurements) showed more uptake in the heart of rats in the
infective endocarditis group compared to the uptake in the heart of rats in the sterile endocarditis
group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). From the ex vivo measurements,
the 99mTc-Vancomycin heart uptake increased significantly (p = 0.016), liver uptake was significantly
decreased (p = 0.045) and the T/NT ratio was significantly higher (p = 0.014) in the infective
endocarditis group compared to the sterile endocarditis group.

Conclusions:

In this experimental study, 99mTc-Vancomycin scintigraphy ensured the detection of
ex vivo infected tissue in a rat model of IE. In addition, the absence of significant 99mTc-Vancomycin
uptake in the sterile endocarditis group indicates that this agent targeted the infected tissue
instead of the sterile inflammatory tissue. Finally, this agent should also be evaluated with animal-
specific imaging devices.
Molecular Docking Demonstration of the Liquorice Chemical Molecules on the Protease and ACE2 of COVID-19 Virus
Authors: Koyuncu İsmail , Durgun Mustafa , Yorulmaz Nuri , Toprak Sahin , Gonel Ataman , Bayraktar Nihayet , Caglayan Murat
Published: December 2020

Background:

COVID-19 has spread rapidly in many countries of the world and poses a serious
threat to global public health, yet no specific drug has been identified or currently available for its treatment.
Since it may take years to design a drug for its treatment, the shortest and most effective way now
is to screen the available drugs or active substances by molecular docking methods.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential for use in COVID-19 treatment by investigating
the inhibitory effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra, main active ingredients on COVID-19, main protease
(SARS-CoV-2,), SARS-CoV-2 - ACE2 Complex and ACE-2 by molecular docking method, which are
known to have antiviral effects on SARS-CoV.

Material and Methods:

Molecular docking was performed by using Autodock 4.2 to analyse the probability
of docking. Several compounds extracted from the root of the licorice plant (glycyrrhizic acid,
glabridin, 6-azauridine, pyrazofurin and mycophenolic acid) were docked to inhibit COVID-19 Mpro and
docking results were analysed by Autodock 4.2 and Biovia Discovery Studio Visualizer 2020. The evaluation
was based on the docking score (binding energies) calculated by Autodock 4.2. Nelfinavir was used
as standards for comparison.

Results:

As a result of the study, the compounds of Glabridin in COVID-19 main protease (6LU7),
ACE-2 (1R4L) and SARS-CoV-2, - ACE2 Complex (6LZG) have very low binding energy (-8.75 to -
7.64) and low potential to inhibition constant has been found.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that Glabridin appeared to have the best potential to act as a COVID-19
Mpro inhibitor. However, further research is necessary to investigate their potential medicinal use.
Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Using Root Extracts of Asparagus racemosus
Authors: Paul Soumen , Samanta Ankit , Sarkar Sabyasachi , Ghosh Chandradipa , Nandi Dilip Kumar
Published: December 2020

Background:

The root extracts of Asparagus racemosus (shatamuli) have been used as a
benign reducing agent to reduce graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The root
extract, that is used as a green, reducing agent, is non-toxic, eco-friendly, and naturally therapeutic.

Methods:

The formation of rGO was identified using XRD, FTIR, TEM and EDX techniques.

Results:

The DLS and Zeta potential data revealed that the hydrodynamic size of these rGO is lower than 200 nm with
optimal charge.

Conclusion:

hese results may be useful for the use of GO as a probe in biomedical research.
Thermophysical Properties of Nanofluids
Authors: Arslan R. , Özdemir V.A. , Akyol E. , Dalkilic A.S. , Wongwises S.
Published: December 2020

Nanofluids, which consist of base liquid and nano-sized conductive particles, are widely
acclaimed as a new generation liquid for heat transfer applications. Since they possess a variety of
conductive particles, they can be efficiently utilized in a heat exchanger. These nano-sized conductive
particles can increase the surface area, thus the heat transfer area, changing their thermophysical
features. Density, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and heat capacity are crucial parameters and cannot
be underestimated in heat transfer. These properties can be manipulated by the particle and baseliquid
and can significantly influence the performance of nanofluids. In the last decade, several models,
equations, and investigations have been performed to examine the parameters that promote these
properties. A review is necessary to locate terms for classifying studies that are both compatible and
contradictory to the effects of density, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and heat capacity on the performance
of nanofluids.
Taking Advantage of Plant Defense Mechanisms to Promote Human Health. Exploitation of Plant Natural Products for Preventing or Treating
Human Disease: Second of Two Parts
Authors: Magrone Thea , Magrone Manrico , Russo Matteo Antonio , Jirillo Emilio
Published: December 2020

Background:

Plants have represented an essential source of foods for human beings, as confirmed by
archeological studies that have revealed on old pottery the presence of proteins from cereal and legumes.

Specific aims:

In this review, major healthy effects derived from the consumption of plant fibers, polyunsaturated fatty
acids (PUFAs) and polyphenols, respectively, will be described with special emphasis on their mechanisms of action, both
at cellular and molecular levels.

Dietary compounds:

Fibers exhibit a prevalent prebiotic effect, acting on the intestinal microbiota with the production of
protective metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids. Plant PUFAs include α-linolenic and stearidonic acids, which are
precursors of other two major PUFAs, namely, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Some clinical trials
demonstrated the ability of PUFAs to lower the risk of coronary disease, while other trials did not confirm such a finding.
Polyphenols are endowed with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in view of their property to inhibit NF-κB
activation, to induce the anti-inflammatory T regulatory cells and to normalize the intestinal microbiota. The beneficial
effects of polyphenols on obesity/diabetes, allergic/autoimmune and inflammatory disease are elucidated.

Conclusion:

Plants are one of the major sources of healthy dietary products, whose exploitation may promote prevention of
chronic disease.
Hazelnut Modulates Neurobehaviour and Ameliorates Ageing-induced Oxidative Stress, and Caspase-3-Mediated Apoptosis in Mice
Authors: Olofinnade Anthony Tope , Onaolapo Adejoke Yetunde , Onaolapo Olakunle James , Olowe Olugbenga Adekunle
Published: December 2020

Background:

Organismal aging has been associated with deleterious effects in different
body tissues and organs, including the brain. There have been reports from ancient medicinal
scripts of the beneficial effects of nuts like hazelnut in preventing aging induced-brain atrophy and
memory loss.

Objectives:

This study examined the potential beneficial effects of a diet supplemented with two
different (Italian and Turkish) cultivars of hazelnut on the brain of aged mice.

Methods:

Aged (24 months old) mice were randomly assigned into 7 groups of ten mice each.
Mice were grouped as standard diet (SD) control, three groups of Turkish and three groups of Italian
hazelnut incorporated into SD at 2, 4 and 8% respectively. Animals were fed standard or hazelnut
diet for 8 weeks. On day 56, behaviours in the elevated plus maze, radial-arm maze, open field,
and Y-maze paradigms were monitored and scored, following which animals were euthanized. The
brains were removed, weighed and homogenized for the assessment of specific biochemical tests.

Result:

Results showed that hazelnut-supplemented diet was associated with significantly increased
weight gain, with the Italian hazelnut being associated with greater weight gain. The hazelnut-
supplemented diet also increased behavioural parameters such as horizontal locomotion and
grooming, while it decreased rearing activity. Working-memory also improved significantly with
both cultivars of hazelnut, while anxiety indices were reduced at lower concentrations of Italian,
and higher concentrations of Turkish hazelnut. Both hazelnut varieties were associated with a reduction
in acetylcholinesterase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, nitric oxide levels, caspase-
3 level, but increased dopamine level.

Conclusion:

Overall, hazelnut cultivars have beneficial effects on the brain in aged mice; suggesting
a possible role in the prevention or management of age-related neurodegenerative changes.
Synthesis of 3-methyl-4H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxylates Using CAN as a Catalyst and Its Conversion Into Guanidines
Authors: Jawale Dhanaji V. , Wagare Devendra , Lingampalle Dinesh L. , Netankar Prashant D.
Published: December 2020

Background:

1,4-benzothiazine carboxylates show wide application in the field of
medicinal chemistry. Therefore, we have designed convenient and efficient method for the synthesis
of 1,4-benzothiazine carboxylates.

Objective:

Synthesis of 1,4-benzothiazine carboxylates and its guanidines by simple and facile
method using efficient catalyst.

Methods:

Derivatives of 1,4-benzothiazine carboxylates were synthesized by cyclocondensing β-
keto esters with 2-aminobenzenethiols using CAN as a catalyst at room temperature. 1,4-benzothiazine
carboxylate, condensed with guanidine hydrochloride in the presence of sodium methoxide
in DMF to obtained new 3-substituted-l-4H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxyguanidines (88-91%).

Results:

All the products were obtained with good to excellent yields within 40 min. Here, CAN
oxidizes aminothiophenol into disulfide and then nucleophilic attack of enolic form of β-ketoesters
on the disulphide and 1, 4-benzothiazine acetates, were obtained with good yields.

Conclusion:

We have designed convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of 1,4-benzothiazine
carboxylates. Most remarkable features of this cyclocondensation such as use of efficient catalyst
and non-volatile solvent under mild reaction condition to obtain excellent yield.
El desafío como acercamiento a la innovación docente
Authors: Martinez-Insua Ana Elina
Published: December 2020

El creciente uso de la tecnología y los dispositivos móviles con fines educativos es un hecho. Sin duda acrecienta las posibilidades de aprendizaje, planificado o espontáneo, individual o colectivo, y posee el potencial de revolucionar y transformar el modo en el que el individuo aprende (Diehl 2013). Sin perder de vista la importancia de la comunicación humana como centro del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje (Warren y Wakefield 2013), el proyecto que aquí se presenta propone el empleo de la tecnología en el proceso de formación de profesorado como instrumento para la gestión del conocimiento y como catalizador para el cambio hacia una docencia más innovadora y conectada con el mundo que rodea a alumnado y profesorado. La planificación que se propone pretende suscitar el debate entre docentes en formación acerca de la necesidad de innovar en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, el modo en el que innovar y el papel que la tecnología juega en todo ello.
Aplicaciones educativas y Educaplay en la asignatura “Industria y Tendencias de Videojuegos”
Authors: Belmonte Jiménez Ana María
Published: December 2020

Gracias a los conocidos como “serious games”, el prestigio de los usos académicos que se les puede dar a los videojuegos ha aumentado, consiguiendo que sea cada vez más frecuente encontrarnos en las aulas con profesores que utilizan videojuegos en sus asignaturas como recurso motivacional de aprendizaje. En la asignatura “Industria y tendencias del videojuego”, del grado de Comunicación Audiovisual de la Universidad de Málaga, se les pidió a los alumnos que realizaran un “serious game” o videojuego educativo, tomando como referencia los apuntes de la asignatura, y teniendo la libertad de escoger el juego que quisieran, así como libertad de elección en cuanto al tema de la asignatura. Una vez entregada la actividad, y siempre a través del campus, se les solicitó a los trece  alumnos que contestaran un cuestionario. La actividad de configurar un serious game con Educaplay en términos generales ha sido un éxito, ya que a la mayoría de los alumnos les ha motivado y les ha servido para su aprendizaje, a la vez que han conocido una herramienta nueva de estudio mediante la cual pueden configurar infinidad de videojuegos para poder jugar y estudiar a la misma vez.
The “Mathematical Ideas” course as an innovation project for critical mathematical citizens
Authors: Mendez Rafael Alberto , Suavita María Angélica , Gauthier Valérie
Published: December 2020

Mathematics has traditionally been blamed for being one of the preponderant factors that explains students’ dropout in universities. This assessment may seem rather violent; however, it is not so far from reality. We miss aspects related to empathy with new generations of students and a closer use of mathematics in the incorporation of new discourses. Therefore, in this communication, we discuss some aspects related to our understanding of mathematics for "non-mathematicians" in the university. Specifically, we reinterpret the idea of mathematically training critical citizens and propose the innovative design of a university mathematics subject taught at the School of Human Sciences at a Colombian university.