bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trust-based management control in inter-organizational relationships
Authors: Waerness Kristian , Solstad Elsa , Bertheussen Bernt Arne
Published: September 2023

High levels of trust can reduce the risk of inter-organizational relationships failing. Also, high levels of trust between business partners can be advantageous as less time and effort are spent controlling the motives and behavior of a company’s counterpart. This case study explores the management control systems between two small Norwegian salmon farming companies engaged in a joint venture. Specifically, we ask how trust influences management control in an inter-organizational relationship. We collected data by interviewing the management of the two companies constituting the joint venture and their collaborating partners throughout the value chain, resulting in two main findings. First, we find that collective values are the most critical control mechanism in managing the joint venture. As a result, other control mechanisms are toned down and become less prominent. Second, we find that a high level of trust enables management based on values. Hence, trust becomes directive for managing the joint venture. Our findings could be important for companies seeking to engage in different inter-organizational relationships. They indicate that it might benefit managers to seek out potential partners with the same fundamental values as themselves to facilitate trust-building.
Prognostic impact of MYD88 and TP53 mutations in diffuse large B Cell lymphoma
Authors: Ebid Osama Abd El Hameed , Ezz El Arab Lobna R. , Saad Amr S. , Ezz El Din Mai , Mostafa Nermeen , Swellam Menha
Published: September 2023

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of lymphoma. It is a highly heterogeneous lymphoid neoplasm, with variations in gene expression profiles and genetic alterations. MYD88 and TP53 genes are common to be expressed and mutated in DLBCL patients with controversy regarding their role in prognosis and survival. This study aims to determine the predictive and prognostic role of MYD88 and TP53 gene mutation in DLBCL. A prospective cohort study was conducted on 50 patients who were diagnosed with DLBCL and 30 healthy individuals to assess the sensitivity and specificity of MYD88 and TP53 genetic mutations. MYD88 and TP53 gene mutations were more sensitive, specific, and accurate in predicting overall mortality and disease progression in comparison with the international prognostic index. Mutant MYD88 and TP53 showed their prognostic importance for worse objective response rates and survival outcomes. Both mutant MYD88 and TP53 were associated with worse ORR. There was a significant statistical difference for both MYD88 and TP53 with regard to 2-year PFS and 2-year OS rate. Hence, both mutant MYD88 and TP53 can be used in predicting disease progression and overall mortality.
The expected loss of feature diversity (versus phylogenetic diversity) following rapid extinction at the present
Authors: Overwater Marcus , Pelletier Daniel , Steel Mike
Published: September 2023

The current rapid extinction of species leads not only to their loss but also the disappearance of the unique features they harbour, which have evolved along the branches of the underlying evolutionary tree. One proxy for estimating the feature diversity (FD) of a setSof species at the tips of a tree is ‘phylogenetic diversity’ (PD): the sum of the branch lengths of the subtree connecting the species inS. For a phylogenetic tree that evolves under a standard birth–death process, and which is then subject to a sudden extinction event at the present (the simple ‘field of bullets’ model with a survival probability ofsper species) the proportion of the originalPDthat is retained after extinction at the present is known to converge quickly to a particular concave function$$\varphi _{PD}(s)$$φPD(s)astgrows. To investigate how the loss ofFDmirrors the loss ofPDfor a birth–death tree, we modelFDby assuming that distinct discrete features arise randomly and independently along the branches of the tree at raterand are lost at a constant rate$$\nu $$ν. We derive an exact mathematical expression for the ratio$$\varphi _{FD}(s)$$φFD(s)of the two expected feature diversities (prior to and following an extinction event at the present) astbecomes large. We find that although$$\varphi _{FD}$$φFDhas a similar behaviour to$$\varphi _{PD}$$φPD(and coincides with it for$$\nu =0$$ν=0), when$$\nu >0$$ν>0,$$\varphi _{FD}(s)$$φFD(s)is described by a function that is different from$$\varphi _{PD}(s)$$φPD(s). We also derive an exact expression for the expected number of features that are present in preciselyoneextant species. Our paper begins by establishing some generic properties of FD in a more general (non-phylogenetic) setting and applies this to fixed trees, before considering the setting of random (birth–death) trees.
Coronary CT angiography for the assessment of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation: postmortem proof of concept with histological validation
Authors: Rotzinger David C. , Magnin Virginie , van der Wal Allard C. , Grabherr Silke , Qanadli Salah D. , Michaud Katarzyna
Published: September 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic utility of multiphase postmortem CT angiography (PMCTA) to detect plaque enhancement as a surrogate marker of inflammation, using fatal coronary plaques obtained from autopsies following sudden cardiac death.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we included 35 cases (12 women, 34%; median [IQR] age, 52 [11] years), with autopsy-proven coronary thrombosis, histological examination, and multiphase PMCTA. Two radiologists blinded towards histological findings assessed PMCTA for plaque enhancement of the culprit lesion in consensus. Two forensic pathologists determined the culprit lesion and assessed histological samples in consensus. Cases with concomitant vasa vasorum density increase and intraplaque and periadventital inflammation were considered positive for plaque inflammation. Finally, we correlated radiology and pathology findings.

Results

All 35 cases had histological evidence of atherosclerotic plaque disruption and thrombosis; 30 (85.7%) had plaque inflammation. Plaque enhancement at multiphase PMCTA was reported in 21 (60%) and resulted in a PPV of 95.2% (77.3–99.2%) and an NPV of 28.6% (17–43.9%). Median histological ratings indicated higher intraplaque inflammation (p = .024) and vasa vasorum density (p = .032) in plaques with enhancement. We found no evidence of a difference in adventitial inflammation between CT-negative and CT-positive plaques (p = .211).

Conclusions

Plaque enhancement was found in 2/3 of fatal atherothrombotic occlusions at coronary postmortem CT angiography. Furthermore, plaque enhancement correlated with histopathological plaque inflammation and increased vasa vasorum density. Plaque enhancement on multiphase CT angiography could potentially serve as a noninvasive marker of inflammation in high-risk populations.

Clinical relevance statement

Phenotyping coronary plaque more comprehensively is one of the principal challenges cardiac imaging is facing. Translating our ex vivo findings of CT-based plaque inflammation assessment into clinical studies might help pave the way in defining high-risk plaque better.

Key Points

• Most thrombosed coronary plaques leading to fatality in our series had histological signs of inflammation.

• Multiphase postmortem CT angiography can provide a noninvasive interrogation of plaque inflammation through contrast enhancement.

• Atherosclerotic plaque enhancement at multiphase postmortem CT angiography correlated with histopathological signs of plaque inflammation and could potentially serve as an imaging biological marker of plaque vulnerability.
Effect of late gadolinium enhancement on left atrial impairment in myocarditis patients
Authors: Cau Riccardo , Muscogiuri Giuseppe , Pisu Francesco , Mannelli Lorenzo , Sironi Sandro , Suri Jasjit S. , Pontone Gianluca , Saba Luca
Published: September 2023

Objective

The aims of our study were to investigate the effect of the extent and location of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on the left atrium (LA) function in patients with acute myocarditis (AM) using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).

Method

This retrospective study performed CMR scans in 113 consecutive patients (89 males, 24 females; mean age 45.8 ± 17.3 years) with AM that met the updated Lake Louise criteria. Reservoir, conduit, and booster LA functions were analyzed by CMR feature tracking using dedicated software. Besides LA strain measurements, myocardial scar location and extent were assigned and quantified by LGE imaging.

Results

AM patients with septal LGE had impaired reservoir, conduit, and conduit strain rate function in comparison with AM patients with non-septal LGE (p = 0.001, for all). In fully adjusted multivariable linear regression, reservoir and conduit were significantly associated with left ventricle (LV) LGE location (β coefficient = 8.205, p = 0.007; β coefficient = 5.185, p = 0.026; respectively). In addition, LA parameters decreased according to the increase in the extent of LV fibrosis (LGE ≤ 10%; LGE 11–19%; LGE ≥ 20%). After adjustment in multivariable linear regression, the association with LV LGE extent was no longer statistically significant.

Conclusion

In patients with acute myocarditis, LA function abnormalities are significantly associated with LV LGE location, but not with LGE extent. Septal LGE is paralleled by a deterioration of LA reservoir and conduit function.

Clinical relevance statement

Left atrium dysfunction is associated with the presence of late gadolinium enhancement in the left ventricle septum and can be useful in the clinical prognostication of patients with acute myocarditis, allowing individually tailored treatment.

Key Points

• Myocardial fibrosis is related to atrial impairment.

• The location of myocardial fibrosis is the main determinant of atrial dysfunction in myocarditis patients.

• The quantification of atrial mechanisms may provide more in-depth insight into myocarditis pathophysiology.
Continuous irrigation after pancreatectomy: a systematic review
Authors: Pergolini Ilaria , Scheufele Florian , Demir Elke , Schorn Stephan , Friess Helmut , Ceyhan Güralp O. , Demir Ihsan Ekin
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Prevention and management of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreatic resections is still an unresolved issue. Continuous irrigation of the peripancreatic area is frequently used to treat necrotizing pancreatitis, but its use after elective pancreatic surgery is not well-known. With this systematic review, we sought to evaluate the current knowledge and expertise regarding the use of continuous irrigation in the surgical area to prevent or treat POPF after elective pancreatic resections.

Methods

A systematic search of the literature was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, screening the databases of Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Ovid MEDLINE. Because of the heterogeneity of the included articles, a statistical inference could not be performed and the literature was reviewed only descriptively. The study was pre-registered online (OSF Registry).

Results

Nine studies were included. Three studies provided data regarding the prophylactic use of continuous irrigation after distal and limited pancreatectomies. Here, patients after irrigation showed a lower rate of clinically relevant POPF, related complications, lengths of stay, and mortality. Six other papers reported the use of local lavage to treat clinically relevant POPF and subsequent fluid collections, with successful outcomes.

Conclusion

In the current literature, only a few publications are focused on the use of continuous irrigation after pancreatic resection to prevent or manage POPF. The included studies showed promising results, and this technique may be useful in patients at high risk of POPF. Further investigations and randomized trials are needed.
Neurovascular coupling during auditory stimulation: event-related potentials and fNIRS hemodynamic
Authors: Muñoz Vanesa , Muñoz-Caracuel Manuel , Angulo-Ruiz Brenda Y. , Gómez Carlos M.
Published: September 2023

Intensity-dependent amplitude changes (IDAP) have been extensively studied using event-related potentials (ERPs) and have been linked to several psychiatric disorders. This study aims to explore the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in IDAP paradigms, which related to ERPs could indicate the existence of neurovascular coupling. Thirty-three and thirty-one subjects participated in two experiments, respectively. The first experiment consisted of the presentation of three-tone intensities (77.9 dB, 84.5 dB, and 89.5 dB) lasting 500 ms, each type randomly presented 54 times, while the second experiment consisted of the presentation of five-tone intensities (70.9 dB, 77.9 dB, 84.5 dB, 89.5 dB, and 94.5 dB) in trains of 8 tones lasting 70 ms each tone, the trains were presented 20 times. EEG was used to measure ERP components: N1, P2, and N1–P2 peak-to-peak amplitude. fNIRS allowed the analysis of the hemodynamic activity in the auditory, visual, and prefrontal cortices. The results showed an increase in N1, P2, and N1–P2 peak-to-peak amplitude with auditory intensity. Similarly, oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations showed amplitude increases and decreases, respectively, with auditory intensity in the auditory and prefrontal cortices. Spearman correlation analysis showed a relationship between the left auditory cortex with N1 amplitude, and the right dorsolateral cortex with P2 amplitude, specifically for deoxyhemoglobin concentrations. These findings suggest that there is a brain response to auditory intensity changes that can be obtained by EEG and fNIRS, supporting the neurovascular coupling process. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of fNIRS application in auditory paradigms and highlights its potential as a complementary technique to ERPs.
A qualitative stakeholder analysis of beliefs, facilitators, and barriers for a feasible prehabilitation program before lung cancer surgery
Authors: Voorn M. J. J. , Bastiaansen E. M. W. , Schröder C. D. , van Kampen-van den Boogaart V. E. M. , Bootsma G. P. , Bongers B. C. , Janssen-Heijnen M. L. G.
Published: September 2023

Background

In order to develop a feasible prehabilitation program before surgery of NSCLC, this study aimed to gain insight into beliefs, facilitators, and barriers of (1) healthcare professionals to refer patients to a prehabilitation program, (2) patients to participate in and adhere to a prehabilitation program, and (3) informal caregivers to support their loved ones.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals, patients who underwent surgery for NSCLC, and their informal caregivers. The capability, opportunity, and motivation for behavior-model (COM-B) guided the development of the interview questions. Results were analyzed thematically.

Results

The interviews were conducted with twelve healthcare professionals, seventeen patients, and sixteen informal caregivers. Four main themes were identified: (1) content of prehabilitation and referral, (2) organizational factors, (3) personal factors for participation, and (4) environmental factors. Healthcare professionals mentioned that multiple professionals should facilitate the referral of patients to prehabilitation within primary and secondary healthcare involved in prehabilitation, considering the short preoperative period. Patients did not know that a better preoperative physical fitness and nutritional status would make a difference in the risk of postoperative complications. Patients indicated that they want to receive information about the aim and possibilities of prehabilitation. Most patients preferred a group-based physical exercise training program organized in their living context in primary care. Informal caregivers could support their loved one when prehabilitation takes place by doing exercises together.

Conclusion

A prehabilitation program should be started as soon as possible after the diagnosis of lung cancer. Receiving information about the purpose and effects of prehabilitation in a consult with a physician seems crucial to patients and informal caregivers to be involved in prehabilitation. Support of loved ones in the patient’s own living context is essential for adherence to a prehabilitation program.
Prediction of pore-scale clogging using artificial intelligence algorithms
Authors: Lei Chao , Samari-Kermani Mandana , Aslannejad Hamed , Zech Alraune
Published: September 2023

We use five established, but conceptually different artificial intelligence algorithms for analysing clogging and quantifying colloid transport at pore scale: artificial neural networks, decision tree, random forest, linear regression, and support vector regression. We test how these algorithm can predict clogging by interpolating physics based simulation data. Our training and test data set is based on results from Lattice Boltzmann simulations reproducing the physics of colloid transport through a typical pore throat present in glass beads or medium sized sand. We perform hyperparameter optimization through cross validation for all algorithms. The tree based methods have the highest Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies among all tested algorithms with values mostly above 0.9 for the independent test data. The event of clogging can be predicted even with 100% accuracy. Our results indicate a non-linear, rather categorial nature of the (simulation) data. This is in contrast to the typical use of neural network algorithms for simulation data while tree based methods are often applied to observational data. We partly link this to the small size of our dataset. Our application of artificial intelligence in porous media research shows that time-consuming Lattice Boltzmann simulations can be easily supplemented and extended at small computational costs while predictability of clogging and quantitative effects of process specific parameters on colloidal transport are given with high reliability.
An Interaction Framework for Designing Systems for Virtual Home Assistants and People with Dysarthria
Authors: Jaddoh Aisha , Loizides Fernando , Lee Jimin , Rana Omer
Published: September 2023

People with speech impairments usually use assistive technology devices to assist them with communication and daily tasks. These devices can be controlled using different modalities, such as touch, eye gaze, gestures, and others. This article proposes a standardized methodology for designing non-verbal voice cue interactive systems that enable people with dysarthria to vocally interact with virtual home assistants (VHAs). We adopted a qualitative data-gathering approach to gain insights into users’ experiences and requirements and to determine crucial design elements for designing interactive voice assistants for people with dysarthria. Nineteen participants with varying levels of dysarthria took part in the study to create the framework. A system was then built using the proposed framework, and an additional test was performed with a further seven participants to validate the created system, thus inferring the validity of the framework. Our work empirically demonstrates how an informed, structured design of a fast, direct (verbal rather than forcing users to change modalities or using an intermediate device) method of communication improves the usability of VHAs for people with dysarthria while simultaneously allowing for a more authentic experience. The current data also highlighted that using non-verbal voice cues would be a convenient option. By providing a reproducible framework for developing non-verbal interactive systems for VHAs, we can increase the accessibility of said devices, their usability, and their user experience.
“People Gathered by Sorghum”: Cultural Practices and sorghum Diversity in Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Wendmu Tsedal Asres , Gebrelibanos Tesfakiros Semere , Kovi Mallikarjuna Rao , Ring Kristoffer Hofaker , de Boer Hugo J. , Abera Fetien Abay , Westengen Ola Tveitereid
Published: September 2023

Sorghum is an important crop in the livelihoods of Kunama and Tigrayan farmers in Northern Ethiopia and we present here a study of what factors have shaped the genetic diversity of the varieties cultivated in neighboring communities of the two ethnolinguistic groups. Using a combination of methods from crop science and cultural anthropology, we investigate patterns of historical and contemporary relationships between crop genetic diversity and cultural and social factors. The spatial genetic structure reveals patterns of ethnolinguistic differentiation and admixture that reflect deep affinities between cultures and crops, but the seed systems of the two communities are also open to exchange and gene-flow. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding cultural factors for genetic resource conservation, as well as for plant breeding and seed system development efforts.
Affecting Task Values, Costs, and Effort in University Mathematics Courses: the Role of Profession-Related Tasks on Motivational and Behavioral States
Authors: Rach Stefanie , Schukajlow Stanislaw
Published: September 2023

Expectancy-value models assume that task values play an important role in engaging successfully with the learning content. However, teacher education students in mathematics only value tasks that deal with university mathematics to a low degree. Offering students profession-related tasks that uncover the connection between university mathematics and school mathematics might help increase students’ value beliefs and effort and decrease costs. Based on Eccles and Wigfield’s (2020) situated expectancy-value theory and using a sample of 133 teacher education students, we investigate whether offering profession-related tasks affects task values, costs, and effort for students with different levels of interest in school mathematics. In a within-subject design, students rated their task values, costs, and effort to solve seven mathematical tasks from number theory, which were either a profession-related task or a regular task with equal demands regarding the intended mathematical activities. Students reported higher utility value for their professional life, higher intrinsic value, and lower costs regarding profession-related tasks. No main effects were found for students’ effort. However, students with a higher interest in school mathematics reported higher effort concerning profession-related tasks than regular tasks. On the theoretical level, our findings contribute to the discussion of the interplay between personal (i.e. interest) and task-specific factors (i.e. relation to future profession) for task values, costs, and effort in university mathematics. One important practical implication of our study is the recommendation to include profession-related tasks in university mathematics courses for teacher education students.
Novel air-electrode materials for low-cost inert-supported solid oxide cells: investigation of materials compatibility during co-sintering
Authors: Juckel M. M. , Grimm F. , Zischke S. , Sohn Y. J. , Guillon O. , Menzler N. H.
Published: September 2023

For the investigation of the reactivity of alternative solid oxide cell air electrode materials with forsterite (Mg2SiO4), a magnesium silicate doped with Zn and Ca, five different phase materials were chosen: two Ruddlesden–Popper phase materials: La4Ni3O10 (L4N3) and La3Ni2O7 (L3N2) and three titanium-based perovskite materials: SrTiO3 (STO), SrTi0.75Fe0.25O3 (STF25) and CaTi0.9Fe0.1O3 (CTF). Forsterite was chosen as a support material for the fuel cell, as it is abundant and therefore relatively inexpensive. For the investigation of their reactivity, different types of samples were prepared: mixed pellets, double-layered pellets and screen-printed electrode inks on forsterite green substrates, which were subsequently co-sintered at T = 1300 °C. These samples and their cross sections were then studied using XRD, SEM, EDS and TEM lamella point analysis. Consequently, the impedance spectra were acquired to determine their electro-catalytic performance. The two Ruddlesden–Popper phase materials L4N3 and L3N2 are of high interest due to their thermodynamic stability and high electro-catalytic activity, resulting in a very low polarization resistance. However, this polarization resistance is increased when mixing with forsterite material. In case of the three titanium-based perovskites, the electro-catalytic activity is of less interest due to high polarization resistances.
Increase in self-efficacy in prospective teachers through theory-based lesson study
Authors: Lendínez Muñoz Elena M. , García García Francisco J. , Lerma Fernández Ana M. , Abril Gallego Ana M.
Published: September 2023

This paper explores the education of prospective teachers with regard to the Theory of Didactical Situations when they engage in lesson study. We particularly focus on studying how a lesson study process oriented towards the Theory of Didactical Situations contributes to increasing prospective teachers’ self-efficacy to plan and teach lessons based on such theory, reducing the gap between theory and practice. Prior to the study, we will discuss how the theoretical postulates assumed in lesson study affect crucial aspects of the process. The study is implemented with 47 prospective early childhood education teachers. We also consider another group of 47 prospective teachers that were engaged in practicum at the time the lesson study process took place. Using a quasi-experimental methodology based on a questionnaire developed ad hoc that captures the particularities of the didactic paradigm assumed, the results of our study show that both lesson study and practicum lead to a statistically significant increase in future teachers’ self-efficacy to plan and teach lessons in line with the paradigm assumed. However, size effect measures show that the increase observed in the lesson study group is significantly higher, which supports the benefits of lesson study in initial teacher education. We discuss what the features of lesson study are that could be related to this increase. Finally, we sketch new lines of research connected with the benefits of lesson study versus other teacher education experiences like practicum, as well as with links between self-efficacy and knowledge growth in lesson study.
Applying the Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention Framework to the Development of Gambling Interventions
Authors: Dowling Nicki A. , Rodda Simone N. , Merkouris Stephanie S.
Published: September 2023

Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) are emerging “push” mHealth interventions that provide the right type, timing, and amount of support to address the dynamically-changing needs for each individual. Although JITAIs are well-suited to the delivery of interventions for the addictions, few are available to support gambling behaviour change. We therefore developed GamblingLess: In-The-Moment and Gambling Habit Hacker, two smartphone-delivered JITAIs that differ with respect to their target populations, theoretical underpinnings, and decision rules. We aim to describe the decisions, methods, and tools we used to design these two treatments, with a view to providing guidance to addiction researchers who wish to develop JITAIs in the future. Specifically, we describe how we applied a comprehensive, organising scientific framework to define the problem, define just-in-time in the context of the identified problem, and formulate the adaptation strategies. While JITAIs appear to be a promising design in addiction intervention science, we describe several key challenges that arose during development, particularly in relation to applying micro-randomised trials to their evaluation, and offer recommendations for future research. Issues including evaluation considerations, integrating on-demand intervention content, intervention optimisation, combining active and passive assessments, incorporating human facilitation, adding cost-effectiveness evaluations, and redevelopment as transdiagnostic interventions are discussed.
Asymptotic Properties of Extremal Markov Processes Driven by Kendall Convolution
Authors: Arendarczyk Marek , Jasiulis-Gołdyn Barbara , Omey Edward
Published: September 2023

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the finite-dimensional distributions and asymptotic behavior of extremal Markov processes connected with the Kendall convolution. In particular, we provide general formulas for the finite dimensional distributions of the random walk driven by the Kendall convolution for a large class of step size distributions. Moreover, we prove limit theorems for random walks and associated continuous-time stochastic processes.
Dispersion of radionuclides and heavy metals from phosphogypsum stacks in soil and plants at Northwestern Greece
Authors: Noli Fotini , Sidirelli Maria , Tsamos Panagiotis
Published: September 2023

Phosphogypsum is classified into naturally occurring radioactive materials containing radionuclides such as 238U, 226Ra and 232Th, and heavy metals which are dispersed in different form and concentrations and can be dangerous for humans. Determination of the concentration of radionuclides in soils and plants near a phosphate fertilizer production unit and phosphogypsum stacks was carried out by γ- and α-spectroscopy while trace elements were determined by Neutron Activation Analysis and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Transfer and enrichment factors were estimated as well as radiation risks and the results led to the conclusion that the radiation hazard in the investigated region was below than the recommended level.
On the Shape of the First Fractional Eigenfunction
Authors: Abatangelo Nicola , Jarohs Sven
Published: September 2023

We show that the first eigenfunction of the fractional Laplacian $${\left( -\Delta \right) }^{s}$$

-
Δ

s

, $$s\in (1/2,1)$$

s
∈
(
1
/
2
,
1
)

, is superharmonic in the unitary ball up to dimension 11. To this aim, we also rely on a computer-assisted step to estimate a rather complicated constant depending on the dimension and the power s.
Scientific Thinking and Critical Thinking in Science Education
Authors: García-Carmona Antonio
Published: September 2023

Scientific thinking and critical thinking are two intellectual processes that are considered keys in the basic and comprehensive education of citizens. For this reason, their development is also contemplated as among the main objectives of science education. However, in the literature about the two types of thinking in the context of science education, there are quite frequent allusions to one or the other indistinctly to refer to the same cognitive and metacognitive skills, usually leaving unclear what are their differences and what are their common aspects. The present work therefore was aimed at elucidating what the differences and relationships between these two types of thinking are. The conclusion reached was that, while they differ in regard to the purposes of their application and some skills or processes, they also share others and are related symbiotically in a metaphorical sense; i.e., each one makes sense or develops appropriately when it is nourished or enriched by the other. Finally, an orientative proposal is presented for an integrated development of the two types of thinking in science classes.
Recent advances in fungal xenobiotic metabolism: enzymes and applications
Authors: Khan Mohd Faheem , Hof Carina , Niemcová Patricie , Murphy Cormac D.
Published: September 2023

Fungi have been extensively studied for their capacity to biotransform a wide range of natural and xenobiotic compounds. This versatility is a reflection of the broad substrate specificity of fungal enzymes such as laccases, peroxidases and cytochromes P450, which are involved in these reactions. This review gives an account of recent advances in the understanding of fungal metabolism of drugs and pollutants such as dyes, agrochemicals and per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), and describes the key enzymes involved in xenobiotic biotransformation. The potential of fungi and their enzymes in the bioremediation of polluted environments and in the biocatalytic production of important compounds is also discussed.
Suppressive effects of geotextiles on soil water evaporation
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Mishra Partha Narayan , Tiwari Satyam , Scheuermann Alexander , Li Ling
Published: September 2023

Geotextiles find wide applications in the field for filtration and drainage. When applied on the soil surface they influence soil evaporation. The objective of this work is twofold: (a) to assess the effectiveness of four different geotextiles as cover materials on soil evaporation, (b) to study the combined effect of geotextile and perforated mechanical barriers on soil evaporation. The first set of experimental programs consisted of three soil samples i.e. kaolin, dredged mud from the port of Brisbane and a locally obtained red mud sample from Queensland, Australia tested with four types of non-woven geotextiles under four controlled climatic conditions. All the 4 geotextiles had suppression effects on soil evaporation to degrees that varied with the type of soil, ratio of pore size to thickness of geotextiles (M*), product of pore size to thickness of the geotextiles (N*) and climatic conditions. Geotextiles with a higher pore size (O95) and M* allowed water vapor to move through relatively easily leading to higher evaporation rates. Geotextile with a higher thickness and N* value provided a higher suppression effect on soil evaporation. In a recently introduced dewatering method involving perforated ventilated well method, evaporation from soil take place through geotextiles and the perforated well. Mimicking this, impacts on soil evaporation with geotextiles sandwiched between soil sample and perforated sections were also studied. Maintaining similar number and arrangement of the perforations, soil evaporation was noted to be higher with rectangular shaped perforation compared to circular shaped perforations.
LRP5 high bone mass (Worth-type autosomal dominant endosteal hyperostosis): case report and historical review of the literature
Authors: De Mattia Giammarco , Maffi Michele , Mosca Marta , Mazzantini Maurizio
Published: September 2023

Purpose

LRP5 high bone mass (HBM) is an autosomal dominant endosteal hyperostosis caused by mutations of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene. Alternative names included “autosomal dominant osteosclerosis” and “Worth disease.” The aim of the paper is to provide an historical overview of a disorder whose literature is complicated and confusing due to the past use of several denominations and lack of reviews.

Methods

We collected case reports of HBM with evidence of autosomal dominant transmission preceding the identification of the LRP5 mutations in 2002 (Worth-type endosteal hyperostosis) and cases of LRP5 HBM confirmed by genetic analysis since 2002. The prevalence of relevant clinical and laboratory findings was estimated. We described an affected woman with neurological manifestations.

Results

A 44-year-old Caucasian woman with torus palatinus complained of headache, hypo-/anosmia, and complete mixed deafness. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan revealed elevated bone mass. The A242T mutation of the LRP5 gene was detected. Including the present case, 155 patients have been reported to date. Neurological involvement and increased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were present in 19.4% and 3.7% of cases, respectively. Facial changes and torus palatinus were observed in 61% and 41% of cases, respectively.

Conclusions

We present the only historical review on Worth-type endosteal hyperostosis, now known as LRP5 HBM. Neurological manifestations, previously considered absent in the disease, affect 19.4% of the patients. Genetic analysis and appropriate denomination of LRP5 HBM are fundamental for diagnosis and to mitigate the confusion that has long characterized this disease.
Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bruschi Gaia , Ghiglioni Daniele Giovanni , Cozzi Laura , Osnaghi Silvia , Viola Francesco , Marchisio Paola
Published: September 2023

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic, bilateral corneal and conjunctival problem which typically presents in young individuals. VKC is characterized by itching, photophobia, white mucous discharge, lacrimation, foreign body sensation, and pain due to corneal involvement of shield ulcers. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is categorized within ocular diseases. The diagnosis is clinical, as no sure biomarkers pathognomonic of the disease have yet been identified. The VKC therapy relies on different types of drugs, from antihistamines and topical steroids to cyclosporine or tacrolimus eye drops. In extremely rare cases, there is also the need for surgical treatment for the debridement of ulcers, as well as for advanced glaucoma and cataracts, caused by excessive prolonged use of steroid eye drops. We performed a systematic review of the literature, according to PRISMA guideline recommendations. We searched the PubMed database from January 2016 to June 2023. Search terms were Vernal, Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and VKC. We initially identified 211 articles. After the screening process, 168 studies were eligible according to our criteria and were included in the review. In this study, we performed a systematic literature review to provide a comprehensive overview of currently available diagnostic methods, management of VKC, and its treatments.
Identification of NIFTP-Specific mRNA Markers for Reliable Molecular Diagnosis of Thyroid Tumors
Authors: Lee So-Yeon , Park Jong-Lyul , Kim Kwangsoon , Bae Ja Seong , Kim Jae-Yoon , Kim Seon-Young , Jung Chan Kwon
Published: September 2023

Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) is a low-risk thyroid tumor with a favorable prognosis. Nonetheless, differentiating NIFTP from other thyroid tumors remains challenging, necessitating reliable diagnostic markers. This study is aimed at discovering NIFTP-specific mRNA markers through RNA sequencing analysis of thyroid tumor tissues. We performed mRNA expression profiling for 74 fresh frozen thyroid tissue samples, including NIFTP and benign and malignant follicular-cell-derived tumors. NIFTP/malignant tumors showed 255 downregulated genes and 737 upregulated genes compared to benign tumors. Venn diagram analysis revealed 19 significantly upregulated and 7 downregulated mRNAs in NIFTP. Akaike information criterion analysis allowed us to select OCLN, ZNF423, LYG1, and AQP5 mRNA markers. We subsequently developed a predictive model based on logistic regression analysis using these four mRNAs, which we validated in independent samples (n = 90) using a qRT-PCR assay. This model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting NIFTP in discovery dataset (AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic) = 0.960) and the validation dataset (AUC = 0.757). Our results suggest that OCLN, ZNF423, LYG1, and AQP5 mRNA markers might serve as reliable molecular markers for identifying NIFTP among other thyroid tumors, ultimately aiding in accurate diagnosis and management of NIFTP patients.
Omission of perioperative morphine reduces postoperative pain in proctological interventions: a single-center analysis
Authors: Haak Fabian , Nocera Fabio , Merlo Lorena , Dursunoglu Belma , Däster Silvio , Angehrn Fiorenzo V. , Steinemann Daniel C.
Published: September 2023

There is an increase in outpatient procedures and this trend will continue in the future. For hemorrhoidectomy, it is the standard of treatment in many health care systems. Perioperative management including adequate pain control is of paramount importance to ensure successful ambulatory surgery. This study investigates the role and effect of morphine compared to short-acting opiates applied before, during, or after proctological interventions and with focus on hemorrhoidectomy. A retrospective analysis of a prospective database was conducted comparing two populations. The control cohort received morphine (Yes-Mô) intra- and postoperatively, while the intervention group did not receive morphine (No-Mô) between January 2018 and January 2020. Both cohorts were balanced by propensity score matching. The outcomes were postoperative pain measured by numeric ratings scale (NRS) one hour postoperatively, pain 24 h postoperatively, success rate of outpatient management, and complication rate including postoperative nausea and vomiting as well as urinary retention. The intervention population comprised 54 patients and the control group contained 79 patients. One hour after surgery, patients in No-Mô reported lower NRS (1.44 ± 1.41) compared to Yes-Mô (2.48 ± 2.30) (p = 0.029). However, there was no difference in NRS 24 h postoperatively (No-Mô: 1.61 ± 1.41 vs Yes-Mô: 1.63 ± 1.72; p = 0.738). 100% of No-Mô was managed as outpatients while only 50% of Yes-Mô was dismissed on the day of the operation (p = < 0.001). There was no difference in postoperative complications (including postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and urinary retention) between the two groups (PONV No-Mô 7.4% vs Yes-Mô 5.6%, p = 1.0 and urinary retention No-Mô 3.7% vs Yes-Mô 7.4%, p = 0.679). No-Mô received an oral morphine equivalent of 227.25 ± 140.35 mg intraoperatively and 11.02 ± 18.02 mg postoperatively. Yes-Mô received 263.17 ± 153.60 mg intraoperatively and 15.97 ± 14.17 mg postoperatively. The difference in received morphine equivalent between the groups was not significant after matching for the intraoperative (p = 0.212) and postoperative (p = 0.119) received equivalent. Omission of perioperative morphine is a viable but yet not understood method for reducing postoperative pain. Omission of morphine leads to a lower use of total morphine equivalent to attain satisfactory analgesia. The reduction of the overall opiate load and using opiates with a very short half-life potentially leads to a reduction of side effects like sedation. This in turn promotes discharge of the patient on the day of surgery. Omission of morphine is safe and does not increase postoperative complications.
Characteristics of microplastics in sediment of the Vaal River, South Africa: implications on bioavailability and toxicity
Authors: Saad D. , Ndlovu M. , Ramaremisa G. , Tutu H. , Sillanpää M.
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to examine the physical characteristics and chemical composition of microplastics in sediments of the Vaal River, South Africa. Microplastics were detected in all samples, with abundance ranging from 29.12 to 1095.89 particles/kg dw. The physical identification of microplastics revealed dominance of small-sized particles of less than 0.5 mm, which accounted for 31.75% of the total microplastics detected in all samples. Fragments and fibres were significantly abundant compared to pellets, representing 63% and 35%, respectively. Microplastics were observed in different colours, among which blue, white and green were the most dominant. Raman analyses of microplastics showed the presence of high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polyurethane foam, polypropylene, polyethylene co-vinyl acetate, and poly(ethylene-co-1-hexene). Additionally, two pigments (vine black and smalt), one dye (saffron), three minerals (orthoclase, carbon, and microcline), and one additive (cis-13-docosanol) were also identified. The dominance of fragments and fibres, with the clear signs of fragmentation implied that microplastics in the Vaal River are mostly from secondary sources. The study reported the first data on microplastic pollution and characteristics in sediments of the Vaal River, thus, providing a benchmark and reference platform for relevant formulation and decision-making regarding this essential water source.
Aortic Stenosis and Amyloidosis: Role of MRI and CT in the Diagnosis of a Sneaky Association
Authors: Costantini Pietro , Ostillio Eleonora , Groenhoff Léon , Leonetti Anna Carmen , Siani Agnese , De Zan Giulia , Guglielmo Marco , Carriero Alessandro
Published: September 2023

Purpose of the Review

In this narrative review, we focus on the latest updates on CA–AS diagnosis, the implementation of CMR, and CT in the diagnostic algorithm and their future prospectives.

Recent Findings

Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease (VHD) worldwide. In recent years, the association between Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) and AS has emerged as a not uncommon and sneaky association. Trans-thyretin (TTR) and immunoglobulin light chain (AL) are the two most common different types of misfolded amyloid proteins infiltrating the heart. AS–CA shares some anatomical features with CA, but the association leads to worse outcome. Nearly 30% of patients undergoing TAVR suffers from CA. Differentiating CA–AS from lone AS is of great importance to tailorize pharmaceutical therapy and/or surgery. Nowadays, bone scintigraphy and urine/serum analyses are crucial to assess which type of amyloid excess there is, but to represent anatomical changes of the myocardium cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and computed tomography cardiac angiography (CTCA), they are the best non-invasive tools. Moreover, extracellular expansion can be quantified via CMR, but new promising studies assessing extracellular volume (ECV) via CT are emerging. Furthermore, AS–CA is a sneaky pathology afflicting elderly patients. Seen the comorbidities of the typical patient, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) should be the indicated procedure. CT is the best imaging modality for TAVR planning with its excellent anatomical resolution.

CMR and CT could be integrated in the CA algorithm. Both can assess myocardium anatomical changes. Moreover, ECV is a precious tool to suggest the presence of amyloid in the myocardium.
A survey on willingness-to-pay for food quality and safety cues on packaging of meat: a case of Poland
Authors: Walaszczyk Anna , Kowalska Aleksandra , Staniec Iwona
Published: September 2023

Since meat is an important source of protein needed for human development across the world, responsible production and consumption of meat products with a food quality and safety scheme label is one potential option to maintain social, economic and environmental sustainability. The implementation of this option depends on high willingness-to-pay (WTP) for certified safe foods among citizens. The overarching aim of the study is to examine WTP for national food quality and safety cues on the packaging of meat products. Using a questionnaire on-line survey of 1000 individuals, this study examines relationships between demographic variables and WTP for certified meat products. Relatively younger and higher-income consumers living in households composed of 4 and more members, which are the decision-makers of the future, are most willing to pay a premium price for guaranteed quality meat products. The strongest predictor of WTP for certified quality meat is the number of household members which can be related to children raising and care. A choice of guaranteed quality meat products is putting into practice “less but better” meat approach which tackle sustainable challenges of meat production and consumption regarding issues related to animal welfare, human health and environment.