bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconsidering the Empirical Measurement of Trust towards Unknown Others
Authors: Bodor Ákos , Grünhut Zoltán , Erát Dávid , Hegedüs Márk
Published: October 2023

Trust towards unknown others is a fundamental issue in trust research. Actually, it can be said that this problematization is a generative source for the whole scientific framing of trust, regardless of its specific perspective, whether it is a psychological, situational, institutional or structural-cultural interpretation. This means that the notion of ‘generalized trust’ is definitely a core concept and a reference point for all research agendas in the field of trust studies. However, this status of the notion is heavily criticized both from a theoretical and empirical point of view. The current paper tries to contribute to these academic discourses by proposing an extended reading of the concept of trust towards unknown others. By doing this, the paper suggests that the focus cannot be only on the aspect of how one perceives others’ trustworthiness, which is measured by the so-called ‘standard trust variable’; it should also be considered how the given agent relates herself/himself to other people’s otherness. Therefore, the argument simply claims that trusting people in general means being open to others’ otherness. If this link cannot be explored, then trust in unknown others is constrained and limited. Using data obtained from the last two rounds of the European Social Survey, the paper presents a 31-country-based comparative statistical analysis realized on both macro- and micro-levels in order to find out whether the above-described theoretical linkage is verifiable or not.
Exploring the Use of Pattern Classification Approaches for the Recognition of Landslide-Triggering Rainfalls
Authors: Rosi Ascanio
Published: October 2023

Rainfall-triggered landslides are well-known natural hazards that pose significant risks, and lot of effort has been invested to reduce the risk associated with this type of phenomenon. One approach to reduce such risk is the establishment of landslide early warning systems (LEWSs). LEWSs are designated to proactively identify conditions favorable to the initiation of landslides. When dealing with regional scale works, LEWSs are usually based on statistical methodologies to determine the minimum amount of rainfall required to trigger a landslide. This amount is often expressed in terms of minimum intensity or cumulative rainfall in a given time period. This research explores the use of artificial intelligence, specifically Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to analyze rainfall time series as either likely or not likely to result in a landslide. Various lengths of time series and different configurations of the model were tested to identify the best setting of the model. To develop the research, the selected test site was the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy, which has a robust landslide inventory, with assessed accuracy. Model performances were evaluated using several statistical indicators, including sensitivity (0.9), specificity (0.8), positive prediction power (0.82), negative prediction power (0.89), Efficiency (0.85) and misclassification rate (0.15). These results showed that the defined model correctly identified the rainfall conditions associated with landslide initiation with a high degree of accuracy and a low rate of false positives. In summary, this research demonstrates the potential of artificial intelligence, particularly LSTM networks, in improving the accuracy of LEWSs by analyzing rainfall time series data, ultimately enhancing our ability to predict and mitigate the risks of rainfall-triggered landslides.
Evaluating the Influence of Land Use and Landscape Pattern on the Spatial Pattern of Water Quality in the Pearl River Basin
Authors: Liang Xuewen , Pan Yue , Li Cunwu , Wu Weixiong , Huang Xusheng
Published: October 2023

Differences in land use and landscape patterns have become crucial factors affecting regional water quality. In order to investigate the effects of different land use and landscape patterns on water quality, this study used dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and potassium permanganate index (CODMn) from 147 conventional water quality monitoring stations in the Pearl River basin of China from January to December 2021 as representative water quality parameters. The quantitative relationship between land use, landscape pattern, and water quality in the Pearl River basin was investigated using geographic information system technology (GIS) and partial least squares (PLS). The results showed that the overall water quality of the Pearl River basin was relatively positive and mainly threatened by organic pollution. The water quality of the Pearl River basin was affected by the spatial characteristics of land use and landscape pattern, showing a poorer spatial pattern on the eastern and western ends and a better one in the central part of the basin. The developed PLS regression model could better explain the quantitative relationship between water quality, land use, and landscape pattern, concluding that unused urban land has the greatest impact on water quality, with an impact coefficient of more than 0.10. The interspersion juxtaposition index (IJI) for representing landscape patterns had the greatest impact on water quality indicators, with an impact coefficient of −0.15 on DO, 0.13 on NH4+-N, and 0.15 on CODMn, respectively. Meanwhile, land use types such as unused land and water and landscape patterns indicated by the Shannon diversity index (SHDI) and the contagion index (CONTAG) had significant effects on watershed water quality. The results of the study provide a reference value for the optimal adjustment of land use structure and water quality improvement in the basin.
Effects of Red Mud Leachate on the Microstructure of Fly Ash-Modified Red Clay Anti-Seepage Layer under Permeation
Authors: Zhang Yibo , Wang Yulong , Yu Yue , Hu Hongkang , Qin Hao , Peng Daoping
Published: October 2023

In recent years, the ecological safety issues of red mud tailings ponds have been frequent, with problems such as the seepage damage of anti-seepage materials at the bottom of tailings ponds, failure of anti-seepage systems, and leakage of pollutants. In order to deeply analyze the influence of red mud (RM) leachate on the microstructure of the modified red clay (RC) anti-seepage layer, this article explores the influence characteristics of strong alkaline RM leachate on the microstructure of a modified RC anti-seepage layer under actual working conditions through a combination of permeability tests and microscopic characterization. The results showed that as the RM leachate permeation time increased, varying changes occurred in the permeability coefficient of the modified RC with different FA contents, among which the permeability coefficient of the modified RC with an 8% FA content showed a significant decreasing trend, reaching 5.98 × 10−11 m/s after stabilization. After permeation, numerous small pores were generated in the modified clay; furthermore, the small particles of the FA-modified clay were significantly reduced compared to pure clay. As the permeation time increased, the 8% FA-modified RC showed a phenomenon of first increasing and then decreasing in specific surface area, with a small change from 27.71 m2/g to 27.52 m2/g, indicating that this sample had high stability and the specific surface area was not significantly affected by permeation. This is mainly caused by the influence of gelling materials produced by the pozzolanic reaction and activation effect upon FA addition. The soil structure became more compact at the microscopic level with increasing FA content, resulting in particle aggregation, increased specific surface area, and narrowed small-pore size distribution. After 60 days of permeation, the single-shoulder peak of the 8% FA-modified RC was still the lowest at about 0.30 dV/dr. Compared to other samples, the pore size was smaller and less affected by the leachate. Overall, the microstructure of the 8% FA-modified RC was less affected by the leachate. This study provides an explanatory basis for the macroscopic mechanical phenomena by analyzing the influence of microstructure. It further provides a reference for studying the selection of anti-seepage materials.
Exploring Embodied Carbon Comparison in Lightweight Building Structure Frames: A Case Study
Authors: Huang Bin , Xing Ke , Rameezdeen Rameez
Published: October 2023

Structural components represent major contributors to embodied carbon emissions of buildings. While there have been numerous research efforts dedicated to modelling and assessing the embodied carbon impact of buildings, there is a conspicuous gap in research that concurrently examines various material options in building structural designs, accounting for technical, economic, and carbon implications. In this study, an integrated approach is applied to assess the embodied carbon and life cycle cost impacts of three different building structures, i.e., timber-framed (TF), steel-framed (SF), and the timber–steel composite (TSCF) framed, scaffolded with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations for a strength and stability analysis of different design options. A lightweight frame-structured residential building type is examined as the data source for the modelling and simulations. The results of a comparative scenario analysis highlight that both TF structures and TSCF structures have notable advantages over their SF counterparts for embodied carbon saving and building load reduction. Assessment results indicate that the TF design offers 35.56% embodied carbon reduction, followed by the TSCF design with 8.12% decarbonization, compared to the SF design. The lifecycle cost assessments also reveal the promising cost saving potential of TF and TSCF structures for the application, with cost savings of up to 7.93% and 4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the simulations further demonstrate that TSCF materials in particular can have significant benefits for lightweight building structures in overcoming the deflection problem of long TF components and the buckling of thin-walled SF members. The results help to identify the potential of TSCF structures to minimize the material use for a “Build with Less” through design optimization, which can lead to further embodied carbon and lifecycle cost reductions.
Hadronic Isospin Helicity and the Consequent SU(4) Gauge Theory
Authors: Marsch Eckart , Narita Yasuhito
Published: October 2023

A new approach to the Dirac equation and the associated hadronic symmetries is proposed. In this approach, we linearize the second Casimir operator of the Lorentz Group, which is defined by the energy–momentum four-vector and the fermion spin, thereby using the spinor-helicity representation instead of the three-vector representation of the particle momentum and spin vector. We then expand the so-obtained standard Dirac equation by employing an inner abstract “hadronic” isospin, initially describing a SU(2) fermion doublet. Application of the spin-helicity representation of that isospin leads to the occurrence of a quadruplet of inner states, revealing the SU(4) symmetry via the isospin helicity operator. This further leads to two independent fermion state spaces, specifically, singlet and triplet states, which we interpret as U(1) symmetry of the leptons and SU(3) symmetry of the three quarks, respectively. These results indicate the genuinely very different physical nature of the strong SU(4) symmetry in comparison to the chiral SU(2) symmetry. While our approach does not require the a priori concept of grand unification, such a notion arises naturally from the formulation with the isospin helicity. We then apply the powerful procedures developed for the electroweak interactions in the SM, in order to break the SU(4) symmetry by means of the Higgs mechanism involving a scalar Higgs field as an SU(4) quadruplet. Its finite vacuum creates the masses of the three vector bosons involved, which can change the three quarks into a lepton and vice versa. Finally, we consider a toy model for calculation of the strong coupling constant of a Yukawa potential.
New Monotonic Properties for Solutions of a Class of Functional Differential Equations and Their Applications
Authors: Masood Fahd , Moaaz Osama , AlNemer Ghada , El-Metwally Hamdy
Published: October 2023

This paper delves into the enhancement of asymptotic and oscillatory behaviors in solutions to even-order neutral differential equations with multiple delays. The main objective is to establish improved inequalities to advance the understanding of oscillation theory for these equations. The paper’s approach is centered on improving the understanding of the intricate relationship between solutions and their corresponding functions. This is achieved by harnessing the modified monotonic properties of positive solutions, which provide valuable insights into oscillation behavior. Furthermore, leveraging the symmetry between positive and negative solutions, we derived criteria that ensure oscillation for all solutions, with a specific emphasis on excluding only positive solutions. To illustrate the significance of our findings, we provide an illustrative example.
Assessment of Equine Influenza Virus Status in the Republic of Korea from 2020 to 2022
Authors: Lim Seong-In , Kim Min Ji , Kim Min-Ji , Lee Sang-Kyu , Yang Hyoung-Seok , Kwon MiJung , Lim Eui Hyeon , Ouh In-Ohk , Kim Eun-Jung , Hyun Bang-Hun , Lee Yoon-Hee
Published: October 2023

Equine influenza virus (EIV) causes acute respiratory disease in horses and belongs to the influenza A virus family Orthomyxoviridae, genus Orthomyxovirus. This virus may have severe financial implications for the horse industry owing to its highly contagious nature and rapid transmission. In the Republic of Korea, vaccination against EIV has been practiced with the active involvement of the Korea Racing Authority since 1974. In this study, we monitored the viral RNA for EIV using PCR, as well as the antibody levels against ‘A/equine/South Africa/4/03 (H3N8, clade 1)’, from 2020 to 2022. EIV was not detected using RT-PCR. The seropositivity rates detected using a hemagglutination inhibition assay were 90.3% in 2020, 96.7% in 2021, and 91.8% in 2022. The geometric mean of antibody titer (GMT) was 83.4 in 2020, 135.7 in 2021, and 95.6 in 2022. Yearlings and two-year-olds in training exhibited lower positive rates (59.1% in 2020, 38.9% in 2021, and 44.1% in 2022) than the average. These younger horses may require more attention for vaccination and vaccine responses against EIV. Continuous surveillance of EIV should be performed to monitor the prevalence and spread of this disease.
Comparison of Post-Vaccination Response between mRNA and Vector Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in Terms of Humoral Response after Six Months of Observation
Authors: Slomka Sebastian , Zieba Patrycja , Rosiak Oskar , Piekarska Anna
Published: October 2023

Background: The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has accelerated work on the creation of effective vaccines, both in terms of previously known vector vaccines and new-generation (mRNA) vaccines. The scientific research on vaccination against COVID-19 infection is limited; therefore, understanding how the immune system responds to vaccines is critical. In our study, we conducted a long-term analysis of the presence and persistence of the immune response via chemiluminescence, analyzing the level of IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in subjects vaccinated with two types of mRNA (Comirnaty) and vector (Vaxzevria) vaccines. Materials and methods: Healthcare workers and a group of teachers were recruited for this study according to the 2021 government-launched vaccination calendar. They received two doses of the Comirnaty or Vaxzevria vaccine. SRBD (spike-receptor binding domain) IgG antibody levels were measured monthly for 6 consecutive months with a chemiluminescent assay (CLIA) and neutralizing antibodies for two periods—1 and 5 months from the completion of the vaccination course. Results: 168 people were recruited for this study: 135 people for the mRNA vaccine group and 33 people for the vector vaccine group. Comparing the serum IgG levels between the two types of vaccines, a significant difference in median values can be noted at all time points. In consecutive months, the mRNA-vaccinated group exhibited significantly higher SRBD levels compared to the vector group, with peak concentrations at one month after the complete vaccination cycle (745 AU/mL vs. 15.44 AU/mL; p < 0.001). Peak antibody concentration for the vector vaccine was observed one month later, at the third follow-up visit; however, the median IgG concentration was almost 7.7 times higher for the Comirnaty group. Both products were effective in stimulating neutralizing antibody production after vaccination. Higher median values were observed for the mRNA vaccines in both evaluations. At first evaluation, the median value for NA concentration in the Comirnaty group was 6 times higher than in the Vaxzevria group (median value 12.23 [IQR 27.3] vs. 1.7 [IQR 3.3]; p < 0.001. Conclusions: People vaccinated with the mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty) showed a stronger immune response to the vaccination than the group of people administered the vector vaccine (Vaxzevria). The Comirnaty group showed higher levels of IgG, including neutralizing antibodies, at all time points during the follow-up period, and this was independent of having had a SARS-CoV-2 infection. A natural decrease in antibody levels was seen within 6 months. A booster vaccination may be required. No serious side effects were observed in either group.
The Effect of the Traction Rod on the Vertical Vibration Behavior of the Railway Vehicle Carbody
Authors: Dumitriu Mădălina , Apostol Ioana Izabela
Published: October 2023

Although research has shown that through the additional rigidity introduced in the secondary suspension, traction rods can affect the vertical dynamic performance of railway vehicles, this topic has been less studied by researchers in the field. In this paper, the effect of a traction rod on the vertical vibration behavior of a carbody of a railway vehicle is analyzed, using the results obtained through numerical simulations. Numerical simulation applications are developed based on a vehicle model, where the vehicle carbody is modeled using a free-free equivalent beam Euler–Bernoulli, and the bogie chassis and wheelsets are represented by rigid bodies linked together by Kelvin-Voigt systems that model the secondary suspension and the primary suspension. The novelty element of this paper is found in the model of the traction rod. This includes traction rod damping, which has been neglected in previous research. The stiffness and damping of the traction rod are represented by a longitudinal Kelvin–Voigt system integrated into a secondary suspension model. The effect of the traction rod on the vertical vibration behavior of the vehicle carbody is analyzed based on the power spectral density of the acceleration, the root mean square of acceleration, and the ride comfort index, for three cases for analysis: a ‘without traction rod’ case, a ‘with traction rod—with damping’ case, and a ‘with traction rod—without damping’ case. The conclusions of the paper highlight the influence of the stiffness and damping of the traction rod on the vibration level of the carbody, especially in its middle. Depending on the stiffness of the traction rod, significant increases in the ride comfort index are obtained, which at high velocities can exceed 300%. Damping of the traction rod reduces the ride comfort index by up to 10%.
Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and Contamination Using the Groundwater Pollution Index (GPI), Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), and GIS
Authors: Al-Aizari Hefdhallah S. , Aslaou Fatima , Al-Aizari Ali R. , Al-Odayni Abdel-Basit , Al-Aizari Abdul-Jaleel M.
Published: October 2023

Groundwater is an essential and indispensable resource, meeting dire needs for drinking and irrigation purposes. The aim of this study is to assess the suitability of groundwater quality for drinking purposes. This evaluation will be conducted using the Groundwater Pollution Index (GPI), the nitrate pollution index (NPI), and the geographic information system (GIS) in Sidi Slimane, Morocco. In this study, a comprehensive collection of 20 samples was obtained from various locations for analysis and evaluation. Hadrochemical facies of this study area showed that out of 20 samples, 90% belonged to a type (Na+-K+-Cl−-SO42−), while only 10% fell into a category (Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl−-SO42−). The Groundwater Pollution Index values ranged from 0.7 to 10.8, with an average of 7.03; about 60% of the groundwater samples analyzed in this study area were classified as highly polluted and unsuitable for drinking purposes. Nitrate index values ranged from −0.9 to 10.5. Approximately 80% of the sampled sites require treatment before consumption. According to the Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), it is essential to regularly monitor 16 well sites to prevent nitrate contamination resulting from human activities, including waste disposal in open areas and sewage infiltration. This study recommends raising farmers’ awareness of the use of slow-release natural fertilizers made from nitrogen rather than nitrogen-based fertilizers, reducing waste disposal by residents, and maintaining an appropriate sewage network to minimize sewage flow leakage. This study plays a vital role in identifying the polluted areas and highlighting the need to take appropriate measures to control the sources of pollution in this study area in order to protect water resources and ensure the provision of safe water to the local population.
A New Perspective on the Natural Resource Curse
Authors: Kinnaman Thomas C.
Published: October 2023

Early papers found empirical support for a natural resource curse—the notion that exporting natural resources is detrimental to economic growth. Later papers, using reportedly improved econometric models and data, largely reversed these early findings by estimating that natural resources improve economic performance. However, this changing coefficient on natural resource dependence over time may not only be a function of model or data quality. Masked by this evolution in the economics literature is the possibility that the fundamental relationship between natural resources and economic performance has changed over the past several decades. This paper sheds a new perspective on the substantial resource curse literature by repeatedly estimating a single econometric model on data that evolve over time. The coefficient on natural resource dependence is estimated to steadily increases with the passage of time from a value that is negative and significant (for 1970, the basis for much of the early literature) to a positive and significant value a few decades later. Whatever natural resource estimated initially with data from 1970 seems to have evolved into a resource blessing over time.
FROM HIPPOCRATES’ ETHICS TO V. R. POTTER’S GLOBAL BIOETHICS: EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS
Authors: Pustovit Svitlana
Published: October 2023

The statement of basic materials. The educational and sociocultural aspects of global bioethics as an ideological and scientific phenomenon have been addressed. A comparative analysis of two models of bioethics, including T. Bochamp and J. Childres’ biomedical ethics and V. R. Potter’s global bioethics, has been carried out from the point of view of the goals and objectives of the contemporary medical education system.
Pobreza laboral en hogares con jefatura femenina en México. Evolución y factores determinantes
Authors: Castro Lugo David , Rodríguez Pérez Reyna Elizabeth , Zambrano Guajardo Alejandra
Published: October 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la condición de pobreza laboral en hogares con jefatura femenina, evolución y presencia de feminización de la pobreza en México. La fuente de información es la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE) 2005-2017. Los resultados indican que, durante el periodo de análisis, la condición de pobreza en los hogares con jefatura femenina se incrementó, pero no se puede hablar de feminización de la pobreza. Las variables que aumentan la probabilidad de pobreza son el número de dependientes y la condición civil unida; mientras que un mayor nivel educativo disminuye su probabilidad.
Academic motivation types and learning styles of students in a faculty of education
Authors: UYSAL Derya
Published: October 2023

This paper aimed to report the results of a descriptive correlational study that examined the relationship between academic motivation and learning styles of pre-service teachers. The study’s participants were 574 pre-service teachers at the Faculty of Education, University of Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat. Two research instruments (Academic Motivation Scale and Learning Styles Inventory) were used for collecting the data. Keeping the aim in mind, three hypotheses were formulated and the pearson’s chi-square test was run in SPSS so as to test the possible relationships in the hypotheses. According to the analysis of the data, the first hypothesis was confirmed while the second and third hypotheses were rejected. Thus, the dominant academic motivation type of converger and accommodator pre-service teachers was external regulation while the preservice teachers with assimilating learning styles were more likely to have knowing motivation. Besides, diverger pre-service teachers preferred either “knowing” or “external regulation” academic motivation type. Last, departments of the pre-service teachers did not determine their academic motivation types and learning styles.
Eğitim Ortamlarında Akıllı Tahta Kullanımı Üzerine Araştırmaların Bibliyometrik Analizi
Authors: KAYA Fatih , ÇELİK Osman Tayyar
Published: October 2023

Bu araştırmada, eğitim ortamlarında akıllı tahta kullanımına yönelik araştırmaları bibliyometrik yöntemlerle analiz ederek akıllı tahta ile ilgili araştırma alanının kavramsal yapısını ve eğilimlerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın veri kaynağını WoS ve Scopus veri tabanlarından yapılan tarama sonucu dâhil dilen 287 çalışma oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları, akıllı tahta kullanımıyla ilgili yayın sayısında genel bir artış olduğunu ancak zaman zaman düşüşlerin de yaşandığını göstermektedir. Teknolojideki hızlı değişimlerin eğitimi etkilediği ve yeni öğrenme tasarımları ve pedagojik uygulamaların geliştirilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, akıllı tahta kullanımına ilişkin en ilgili dergileri ve en çok atıf alan çalışmaları belirlemiştir. Lotka Yasası analizi, alanda uzmanlaşmanın düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. Türkiye'nin akıllı tahta araştırmalarında en üretken ülke olduğu ve alanda ülkeler arası iş birliğinin zayıf olduğu belirlenmiştir. Akıllı tahta ile ilgili aştırmaların genellikle ilkokul/ortaokul kademelerinde yapıldığı ve öğretmen tutumları üzerine odaklanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişimi ve tutumları alanın güncel konularıdır. Sonuçlar; akılla tahta kullanımı üzerine araştırmalarda teknoloji entegrasyonu, teknoloji kabulü, sınıf içi öğretim ve öğrenme deneyimleri, yükseköğretim gibi tematik alanların öne çıktığını göstermiştir. Yeni araştırma alanlarının gelişimi için alandaki uzmanlığın arttırılması, ülkeler arası iş birliğinin güçlendirilmesi ve güncel konularda araştırmalar yapılması önerilmektedir.
Managing Phosphate Burden in Patients Receiving Dialysis: Beyond Phosphate Binders and Diet
Authors: Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Forfang Derek , Bakris George , Martin Kevin J. , Moe Sharon M. , Sprague Stuart M.
Published: October 2023

Most patients receiving dialysis rely on dietary restriction and phosphate binders to minimize the risk of hyperphosphatemia, which is associated with increased mortality. However, dietary restriction is difficult because of hidden phosphate additives in processed foods and medications. Restriction of dietary phosphate sources such as protein may increase the risk of malnutrition. Phosphate binders, the only pharmacologic option for phosphate management since aluminum salts were introduced several decades ago, are often insufficient for binding the 1400–2500 mg of phosphate potentially consumed daily. Over the last decade, serum phosphate levels in the United States have risen, and >69% of patients receiving dialysis exhibited a most recent phosphate level >4.5 mg/dl (above the normal range), indicating an urgent need for new, more effective therapies to manage phosphate burden. Novel, nonbinder therapies such as transcellular and paracellular phosphate absorption inhibitors may be used for phosphate management, and future studies should examine whether they allow fewer dietary restrictions for patients receiving dialysis, potentially improving patient quality of life and nutritional status. It is imperative that we collaborate to move beyond the restrictive approaches available today and provide patients and clinicians with an array of strategies so that they may choose the most appropriate patient-centered therapy.
Oncoguía de cáncer gástrico 2023
Authors: Díaz Romero María del Consuelo , Calderillo Ruiz Germán , Miyagui Adame Sayako Mariana , León Takahashi Alberto , Herrera Martínez Marytere , Ruiz García Erika , Maliachi Díaz Andrea , López Basave Horacio
Published: October 2023

Gastric cancer ranks fifth in incidence worldwide, and Mexico is the sixth most frequent malignant neoplasm. Risk factors associated with gastric cancer are age (> 65 years), being male, a diet high in salt and nitrates, smoked and processed meats, vitamin C deficiency, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and infection by H. pylori and Bar Epstein virus. In Western countries, gastric cancer is associated with obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease, predominantly proximal or in the cardia. The clinical picture is nonspecific in the early stages. Endoscopy allows biopsy for histopathological confirmation. Endoscopic treatment is the best option in tumors confined to the mucosa due to the high resectability rate, the organ´s appearance, and low recurrence. Surgical treatment is the best alternative for locoregional oncological control in the locally advanced stage. Likewise, the benefit of perioperative chemotherapy has been demonstrated. Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for patients without previous treatment and who initially underwent a total gastrectomy. Unresectable or metastatic advanced gastric cancer has a poor prognosis, although it has recently improved. This oncoguía included recommendations for diagnosis, staging, and treatment based on our Instituto Nacional de Cancerología´s experience and the most recently published evidence.
THE ORDER OF CHILDBIRTH IN THE FAMILY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT (USING THE PSYCHOANALYTIC PEDAGOGY OF ALFRED ADLER AS AN EXAMPLE)
Authors: Vertel A.
Published: October 2023

The article reveals the relationship between the birth order of a child in a family and their personal characteristics. The state of development of the investigated topic in pedagogical science is analyzed. It has been proved that this is a rather significant and relevant scientific problem of the research field of modern pedagogy. S. Freud also claimed that the position of a child among siblings is of great importance in later life, and older and younger children have a number of identical characterological traits. A. Adler indicated the connection between the order of a child’s birth and the formation of his personality, highlighting the ordinal positions of the child in the family. A. Adler discovered that people who occupy similar positions in the family in order of birth have very similar psychological characteristics. He argued that the order in which a child is born in a family is quite an influential factor for a person’s entire destiny, including his career and social relations.
The dependence and interrelationship of birth order with such factors as biological differences, intelligence, peculiarities of personality development, mental illnesses are substantiated. The general characteristics of the positions of the only, first, middle and youngest child in the family are explained. Peculiarities of the family situation of development, typical problems, and personal characteristics of each of the specified positions are considered.
Our research is dictated by the need to develop such an approach to personality development, which considers it not only as formed under the influence of exclusively genetic factors, but also takes into account the social prerequisites of his development. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the influence of birth order should be studied through the prism of other factors, which involve taking into account the historical and cultural context of upbringing, as well as considering the family as a system.
VALUABLE ASPECTS OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN THE PROCESS OF LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Authors: Shamsutdinova M.-S.
Published: October 2023

This article considers an important aspect of modern education – intercultural competence and its influence on the formation of the professional orientation of future foreign language specialists. In the context of growing globalization and cultural diversity, knowledge of foreign languages has ceased to be just a skill but has become a necessary tool for successful communication and work in an international environment.
Intercultural competence is defined as the ability to understand and interact with representatives of other cultures. It involves not only knowing the language, but also understanding the cultural features, values, norms and traditions of other peoples. This article examines the influence of intercultural competence on the professional orientation of future foreign language specialists.
We will consider aspects such as cultural understanding, tolerance, the ability to adapt to different cultural contexts and to communicate effectively with representatives of different nationalities. It is noted that intercultural competence plays an important role in building successful intercultural relations, promotes the development of creativity and innovation.
The relevance of the study of the valuable aspects of intercultural communication in the process of learning foreign languages is that in the modern globalized world, interaction with representatives of other cultures becomes a necessity. The study of foreign languages is becoming an important component of education, and foreign language professionals have a great responsibility in promoting effective communication between cultures. Value orientations influence perception, way of thinking, communication strategies and behavior. Understanding and awareness of values help foreign language specialists establish mutual understanding, avoid conflicts, and create a favorable atmosphere for interaction. The study of this problem helps to improve approaches to teaching foreign languages and to develop effective strategies for the formation of intercultural competence in students and future foreign language specialists.
The growth of international relations brings with it various challenges, but also opens up many new opportunities for future foreign language specialists. Thanks to intercultural competence, they will be able to expand their horizons, build a successful career in a global environment and contribute to the development of global cooperation.
Kadınların Gebelikten Korunma Yöntemlerine Yönelik Sosyal Medya Kullanım Durumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: DÖNMEZ Hatice Pınar , DÖNMEZ Ayşegül , YEYĞEL Çiler , ULAMIŞ Bilgen
Published: October 2023

Amaç: Bir sosyal destek biçimi olarak da kullanılan sosyal medya, kaynaklara günün her saatinde ulaşılabilirliği, erişim kolaylığı ve toplumsal kabul edilebilirliği nedeniyle kısmen geniş çapta kabul görmektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada kadınların gebelikten korunma yöntemlerine yönelik sosyal medya kullanım durumları ve etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve metod: Araştırma tanımlayıcı tipte kesitsel bir araştırmadır. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan kadınların sosyo-demografik, obstetrik, jinekolojik özellikleri ve kontrasepsiyon öykülerini sorgulayan anket formu ve kontrasepsiyon hakkında bilgi edinmek için sosyal medya kullanımına kişisel bilgi formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde sayı ve yüzde dağılımı, ortalama, standart sapma kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada p <0,05 olan değerler istatiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Kadınların yaş ortalamasının 34,93±7,41 (aralık: 18-48) olduğu, %67,0’ının ön lisans / lisans / lisansüstü mezunu olduğu ve %26,4’ünün gelir getiren bir işte çalıştığı belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmadaki kadınların hepsi birden fazla sosyal medya hesabı kullandığı, %74,3’ü sosyal medyadan alınan bilgilerinin doğruluğunu bir sağlık profesyoneli ile teyit ettiği, gebelikten korunma yöntemleri ile ilgili en çok aranan bilginin genel bilgisini artırmaya yönelik olduğu saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmadaki kadınların bilgi kaynağı sosyal medyayı yaygın bir şekilde kullandıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Kadınların güvenilir bilgiye erişimlerini sağlamak için sağlık profesyonellerinin kaynakları incelemesi, bilgilerin doğruluğunu teyit etmesiyle kadın sağlığına katkı sağlayabilir.
Tres fábulas marcianas
Authors: Cremonte Ulises Salvador
Published: October 2023

“Tres fábulas marcianas” trabaja sobre la sostenida tradición que, en el Río de La Plata, tiene el relato fantástico. Aunque esta vez, la aparición de los marcianos se da, sobre todo en la primera de las fábulas de una manera acoplada, casi mimética, como si la presencia extraterrestre obrara de manera natural o con inercia cotidiana. Las otras dos fábulas recuperan justamente el pulso de las viejas narraciones y lo hace con una honestidad tan nítida que supera la mera cita posmoderna. Estos tres cuentos buscan establecer una conexión con los componentes más lúcidos de la ficción para recuperar el pulso de una historia contada al calor de una hoguera tribal.
Sosyal Bilgiler Dersi Çerçevesinde Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Farklılıklara Saygı Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: BAŞ Kenan
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı Sosyal Bilgiler dersi çerçevesinde ortaokul öğrencilerinin farklılıklara saygı durumlarını bazı değişkenler (cinsiyet, sınıf, anne eğitim durumu, baba eğitim durumu, aile ortalama gelir düzeyi) açısından incelemektir. Araştırma 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim bahar yarıyılında Ağrı ilinin Patnos ilçe sınırları içerisinde yer alan bir devlet ortaokulunun farklı sınıf düzeylerinde öğrenim gören 112 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Öksüz ve Güven (2012) tarafından geliştirilen “Farklılıklara Saygı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler SPSS 22. istatistik programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde ortaokul öğrencilerinin farklılıklara saygı durumlarının “cinsiyet, sınıf, anne eğitim durumu, baba eğitim durumu, aile ortalama gelir düzeyi” değişkenlerine göre istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir farklılaşmaya yol açmadığı görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte ortaokul öğrencilerinin farklılıklara saygı düzeylerinin genel ortalamasının düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE EFICIÊNCIA ENERGÉTICA E EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL TÉCNICA DE NÍVEL MÉDIO
Authors: Perotoni Clayton , Madruga Kátia Cilene Rodrigues , Knöpker Mônica
Published: October 2023

Ao longo do tempo, políticas públicas vêm sendo elaboradas para o enfrentamento de problemas públicos diversos. Entre as políticas públicas existentes, estão aquelas voltadas à eficiência energética. No caso do Brasil, uma delas é o Plano Nacional de Eficiência Energética que destaca, entre outras coisas, a importância da educação para a implantação de políticas desse gênero e aponta a necessidade da disseminação do tema eficiência energética na educação básica. Levando isso em consideração, realizou-se um estudo com o objetivo de analisar de que maneira a educação escolar pode contribuir para a implementação de políticas públicas relacionadas à eficiência energética. Dentre os movimentos de pesquisa empreendidos nesse estudo, este artigo tem como foco aquele que se dedicou a avaliar a implementação de uma situação de aprendizagem envolvendo o tema eficiência energética. Essa situação de aprendizagem foi realizada no 2º semestre de 2020. Ela ocorreu na unidade curricular Fabricação Mecânica aplicada à Montagem e Manutenção, do Curso Técnico em Eletromecânica, ofertado no Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial (SENAI) em Criciúma, Santa Catarina. Como procedimento metodológico, optou-se pela pesquisa-ação. No tocante aos resultados, percebeu-se que os estudantes demonstraram indícios de aprendizagem sobre eficiência energética e aplicaram seus conhecimentos em situações do cotidiano. A partir disso, foi possível concluir que a educação escolar, ao favorecer a construção de conhecimentos, tende a impactar a tomada de decisão dos estudantes, contribuindo, assim, para a implementação de políticas públicas relacionadas à eficiência energética.
Reduction of working temperature for the large magnitude in thermoelectric dimensionless figure of merit of Ag2−x
Cu
x
S
Authors: Sato Kosuke , Kim Gareoung , Murase Koki , Singh Saurabh , Hirata Keisuke , Byeon Dogyun , Matsunami Masaharu , Takeuchi Tsunehiro
Published: October 2023

In this study, we try to reduce the temperature range for the large magnitude of dimensionless figure of merit ZT = 20 that was observed for the Ag2S composite consisting of low- and high-temperature phases under a unique temperature gradient at around 400 K. It reveals that partial substitution of Cu for Ag sites in Ag2S reduces the phase transition temperature, and subsequently the temperature range for this high ZT down to a temperature of 373 K. This result strongly suggests that our developed Cu-substituted Ag2S could be one of the best thermoelectric component materials in the generators capable of effectively recovering electric power from heat exchangers using hot water as a working liquid.
EFL Student Perceptions of the International Internship Program based on the Edupreneur Perspective
Authors: Reskyani Reskyani , Hasanah Uswatun , Gaffar Saiful , Rahman Abdul , Noni Nurdin
Published: October 2023

This study aims to identify EFL students’ perceptions of international internship programs based on an edupreneur’s perspective. This study employs descriptive qualitative methods. There were five students involved in this study who were selected purposefully. They are EFL students who have attended international internships in Thailand. Data collection was carried out by conducting interviews. The results of this study show that the majority of students stated that this program was very useful. Both academically and non-academically. From the entrepreneur perspective, it was found that students who were involved in the internship program received a salary, facilities, and experience that could train their independence. Even though there are several problems, this is only a technical aspect that can be improved.
Application of PjBL Model by Utilizing Natural Materials Chemistry to Improve Students' 4C Skills
Authors: Harizon Harizon , Ekaputra Firdiawan
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of implementing a project-based learning model by utilizing natural materials to improve students' 4C skills. 4C skills include critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity skills. The sample used in this study were students who attended the R-001 class of natural material chemistry lectures in the 2023/2024 academic year of the Jambi University Chemistry Education Study Program. This research is a quasi-experimental type research with a one group pretest-posttest scheme design. Data on 4C skills were obtained using a questionnaire before and after the application of the project-based learning model by utilizing natural chemistry. Data on 4C skills were then subjected to paired samples t test. The results of the paired samples t test significance test showed a value of 0.00. These results are smaller than 0.05, so this study shows that the application of the project-based learning model by utilizing natural materials can improve students' 4C skills.
Guía para el acompañamiento a los estudiantes de TFT: competencias, investigación y realidades sociales
Authors: Galán-Casado Diego , Ortega-Navas M.ª del Carmen , García-Pérez María
Published: October 2023

El presente manual, fruto del proyecto de innovación educativa (PID) que tiene como título Herramientas para mejorar la orientación y tutorización de los Trabajos Fin de Máster (META-TFM), y en el cual participan 33 investigadores de diversas universidades españolas, está orientado a facilitar herramientas para mejorar la orientación y tutorización de los Trabajos Fin de Título (TFT). No debemos olvidar que el proceso de orientación y tutorización es fundamental tanto para que el alumnado pueda elegir la temática concreta que desea trabajar como para conseguir la correcta adquisición de capacidades, destrezas y actitudes que favorezcan el desarrollo del potencial de aprendizaje. Por todo ello, este manual puede ser un referente para que el estudiantado pueda desarrollar su trabajo a partir del conocimiento realista tanto de los colectivos más significativos como de las pautas metodológicas y habilidades más adecuadas en función de las características concretas del trabajo planteado.
Reducing food-related economic loss to improve food security and cattle trade in the Sahel: the case of agropastoral systems in Senegal
Authors: Wane Abdrahmane , Aliou Diouf Mballo , Cabrelle Lauriane Dzoukou Homsi , Pathe Diakhate , Rahimatou Memboup
Published: October 2023

Food loss is a critical issue in Africa, but investigation has mainly been limited to quantity loss. Economic losses are likely to be more significant but are widely ignored. Regarding ruminant-related losses, it remains challenging to identify the optimal harvest point. Focusing on Sahelian agropastoral systems, where stakeholders operate in a shock-prone environment, our paper explains how critical actor behaviour is, and it addresses economic losses on live-animal transactions while integrating market behaviours into the analysis. Loss elimination being illusory in such a context, our findings pioneer a loss reduction approach that is supported by an appropriate optimisation programme tested on primary data collected from 202 agropastoral households in Senegal.
Pengembangan Pakan Plus Vitamin C dan Probiotik Untuk Ikan Lele Pada Kelompok Pembudidaya Ikan Tani Subur Desa Gunung Melati
Authors: Fitriliyani Indira , Siswanto Siswanto
Published: October 2023

The target partners are the Tani Subur fish cultivator group that conducts catfish farming in tarpaulin ponds. In particular, the problem with rearing fish in tarpaulin ponds is the management of water quality which has an impact on taste and also low yields. The real effort that will be made to overcome these problems is to make efforts to manage water quality with a technological approach and the addition of vitamins in feed to improve fish health which has an impact on increasing crop yields. The activities carried out are 1) Application of feed technology in the management of catfish cultivation in tarpaulin ponds 2) Application of water quality management technology in the management of catfish cultivation in tarpaulin ponds and technical counseling, and 4) demonstration/practice activities and mentoring. Community partnership program service activities aim to transfer technology through technical training on albumin extract processing and utilization of by-products. The training method is counseling and demonstration which aims to provide knowledge and skills to the target audience. The follow-up plan of the training activity is the formation of creative businesses that increase the income of cultivator group members. This touch of technology is expected to increase the profit margins of pokdakan members which are expected to increase their confidence to develop this business in the future.