bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schmidt Decomposition and Coherence of Interfering Alternatives
Authors: Fastovets D. V. , Bogdanov Yu. I. , Bogdanova N. A. , Lukichev V. F.
Published: September 2021

The Schmidt decomposition and the correlational analysis based on it make it possible to identify statistical dependences between various subsystems of a single physical system. The systems under consideration can be both quantum states and classical probability distributions. In this study, two different physical systems are considered: quantum Schrödinger cat states and double-slit interference of microparticles. It is shown that the considered systems have a single internal structure and can be described in general terms of interfering alternatives. An effective approach is developed that allows us to calculate optical characteristics of interference such as visibility and coherence. It is shown that the scalar product of the states of the environment of interfering alternatives acts as a natural generalization of the classical complex parameter of the coherence of light oscillations, which determines the visibility of the interference pattern. A simple quantitative relationship is obtained between the visibility of the interference pattern and the Schmidt number, which determines the level of connection between a quantum system and its environment. The developed approaches are generalized to the case of multidimensional Schrödinger cat states.
Quantum Chemical Study of Spin Transitions in the Bimetallic Fe/Co Complexes with the Bis(catecholate) Bridging Ligand
Authors: Chegerev M. G. , Starikov A. G. , Starikova A. A.
Published: September 2021

The computational modeling of the spatial and electronic structures, energy characteristics, and magnetic properties of the bimetallic iron and cobalt complexes with 9,10-dimethyl-9,10-ethano-9,10-dihydro-2,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyanthracene and terminal tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine bases is performed using the density functional theory method (DFT UTPSSh/6-311++G(d,p)). The chosen tetradentate redox ligand is shown to be a promising precursor for the production of magnetically active compounds. The calculations make it possible to establish a relationship between the relative energies of the electronic isomers of the complexes and the structures of the ancillary N-donor moieties. The coordination compounds prone to the manifestation of spin transitions accompanied by a change in the magnetic properties are revealed.
Coordination Polymers of Scandium(III) and Thiophenedicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Lysova A. A. , Dubskikh V. A. , Abasheeva K. D. , Vasileva A. A. , Samsonenko D. G. , Dybtsev D. N.
Published: September 2021

Three new metal−organic frameworks based on scandium(III) cations and 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (H2Tdc) are synthesized: [Sc(Tdc)(OH)]·1.2DMF (I), [Sc(Tdc)(OH)]·2/3DMF (II), and (Me2NH2)[Sc3(Tdc)4(OH)2]·DMF (III) (DMF is N,N-dimethylformamide). The structures of the compounds are determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis (CIF file CCDC nos. 2067819 (I), 2067820 (II), and 2067821 (III)). The chemical and phase purity of compound I is proved by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction analysis, and IR spectroscopy.
Prototyping a collaborative data curation service for coastal science
Authors: Goldstein Evan B. , Braswell Anna E. , McShane Caitlin M.
Published: September 2021

The growing push for open data resulted in an abundance of data for coastal researchers, which can lead to problems for individual researchers related to data discoverability. One solution is to explicitly develop services for coastal researchers to help curate data for discovery, hosting discussions around reuse, community building, and finding collaborators. To develop the idea of a coastal data curation service, we investigate aspects of the UNESCO International Coastal Atlas Network member sites that could be used to build a curation service. We develop a minimal example of a coastal data curation service, deploy this as a website, and describe the next steps to move beyond the prototype phase. We envision a coastal data curation service as a way to cultivate a community focused on coastal data discovery and reuse.
Uncoupling effect of lipid peroxidation in spinach thylakoids exposed to peroxyl radicals generated by 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride
Authors: La Haye Yergeau Olivier , Samson Guy
Published: September 2021

In this study, we characterized how lipid peroxidation alters the functionality of spinach thylakoids exposed to peroxyl radicals generated by the azo compound 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH). Incubation of thylakoids in the presence of different concentrations (0 to 200 mmol·L–1) of AAPH inhibited the formation of ΔpH (IC50 ≈ 1.5 mmol·L–1) estimated by the quenching of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence (Q9-AA). The Q9-AA inhibition was correlated (R2 = 0.98) to the extent of lipid peroxidation determined by the accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Much higher AAPH concentrations were required to inhibit the maximum (Fv/Fm) and effective (ΔF/Fm′) photochemical efficiencies of photosystem II (IC50 ≈ 120 mmol·L–1 and 50 mmol·L–1, respectively), indicating that moderate lipid peroxidation caused the uncoupling of spinach thylakoids. This was confirmed by the 62% stimulation of the O2 uptake rates measured without the artificial uncoupler NH4Cl when the AAPH concentrations increased from 0 to 20 mmol·L–1, reaching similar values to the rates measured in the presence of NH4Cl. Above 20 mmol·L–1 AAPH, the O2 uptake rates measured with and without NH4Cl declined similarly to the decrease of ΔF/Fm′. These results suggest that the increased H+-leakiness of thylakoid membranes could be one of the primary effects of oxidative stress.
An approximate method for solving MHD boundary layer flow over a stretching sheet with Joule heating and convective thermal condition
Authors: Khader M. M. , Babatin M. M.
Published: September 2021

In this paper, He’s homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is used, which is an approximate analytical method for solving numerically the problem of Newtonian fluid flow past a porous exponentially stretching sheet with Joule heating and convective boundary condition. The major feature of HPM is that it does not need the small parameters in the equations and hence the determination of classical perturbation can be discarded. Due to the complete efficiency of the HPM, it becomes practically well suited for use in this field of study. Also, the obtained solutions for both the velocity and temperature field are graphically sketched. The results reveal that the proposed method is very effective, convenient, and quite accurate to systems of nonlinear differential equations. Results of this study shed light on the accuracy and efficiency of the HPM in solving these types of nonlinear boundary layer equations.
A unified Yukawa interaction for the Standard Model of quarks and leptons
Authors: Zhang Ying
Published: September 2021

To address fermion mass hierarchy and flavor mixings in the quark and lepton sectors, a minimal flavor structure without any redundant parameters beyond phenomenological observables is proposed via decomposition of the Standard Model Yukawa mass matrix into a bi-unitary form. After reviewing the roles and parameterization of the factorized matrix [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in fermion masses and mixings, we generalize the mechanism to up- and down-type fermions to unify them into a universal quark/lepton Yukawa interaction. In the same way, a unified form of the description of the quark and lepton Yukawa interactions is also proposed, which shows a similar picture as the unification of gauge interactions.
Quantum theory without classical time: Octonions, and a theoretical derivation of the fine structure constant 1/137
Authors: Singh Tejinder P.
Published: September 2021

There must exist a reformulation of quantum field theory which does not refer to classical time. We propose a pre-quantum, pre-spacetime theory, which is a matrix-valued Lagrangian dynamics for gravity, Yang–Mills fields, and fermions. The definition of spin in this theory leads us to an eight-dimensional octonionic spacetime. The algebra of the octonions reveals the standard model; model parameters are determined by roots of the cubic characteristic equation of the exceptional Jordan algebra. We derive the asymptotic low-energy value 1/137 of the fine structure constant, and predict the existence of universally interacting spin one Lorentz bosons, which replace the hypothesised graviton. Gravity is not to be quantized, but is an emergent four-dimensional classical phenomenon, precipitated by the spontaneous localisation of highly entangled fermions.
Theory and applications of nuclear direct reactions
Authors: Lenske Horst
Published: September 2021

These lectures, held at a school at the Galileo Galilei Institute for Theoretical Physics, give a survey of the formalism, the methods and achievements of nuclear direct reaction theory. After recapitulating the principles of quantum scattering theory, projection techniques are used to reduce the complexities of nuclear reactions to the manageable level of a set of a few selected coupled channels interacting via effective operators. Direct reactions are introduced as fast reactions proceeding preferentially through the excitation of doorway components of the nuclear many-body configurations, corresponding to a separation of scales in energy and momentum transfer. The concept of the optical model is introduced and applied to elastic scattering on nuclei. The coupled channel T-matrix formalism is discussed for pion-induced reactions on the nucleon. Applications of direct reaction to theory are illustrated for transfer reactions, inelastic scattering, and single and double charge exchange reactions with light and heavy ions.
Investigation and optimization of EYDFA + Raman + EYDFA hybrid optical amplifier for SD-WDM systems in C+L band
Authors: Lubana Anurupa , Kaur Sanmukh
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we present a novel erbium–ytterbium doped fiber amplifier (EYDFA) + Raman + EYDFA hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) for a super-dense wavelength division multiplexing (SD-WDM) system application. The performance of the 100-channel system has been investigated for an overall data rate and channel spacing of 100[Formula: see text]Gb/s and 0.4[Formula: see text]nm, respectively, over a wavelength span of 1550–1589.9[Formula: see text]nm. HOA has been optimized for Raman length, EYDFA lengths, pump powers and Er[Formula: see text] concentrations to achieve high average gain and low gain variation ratio of 40.41[Formula: see text]dB and 0.40[Formula: see text]respectively. The optimized configuration of the proposed HOA has been compared with EYDFA + Raman and Raman + EYDFA HOA configurations. The achieved high and flat gain with an acceptable output optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) in case of EYDFA + Raman + EYDFA HOA; makes it an optimum choice for SD-WDM systems.
OPTION IMPLIED VIX, SKEW AND KURTOSIS TERM STRUCTURES
Authors: MADAN DILIP B. , WANG KING
Published: September 2021

Comparisons are made of the Chicago Board of Options Exchange (CBOE) skew index with those derived from parametric skews of bilateral gamma models and from the differentiation of option implied characteristic exponents. Discrepancies can be due to strike discretization in evaluating prices of powered returns. The remedy suggested employs a finer and wider set of strikes obtaining additional option prices by interpolation and extrapolation of implied volatilities. Procedures of replicating powered return claims are applied to the fourth power and the derivation of kurtosis term structures. Regressions of log skewness and log excess kurtosis on log maturity confirm the positivity of decay in these higher moments. The decay rates are below those required by processes of independent and identically distributed increments.
LOCAL RISK MINIMIZATION OF CONTINGENT CLAIMS SIMULTANEOUSLY EXPOSED TO ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS DEFAULT TIMES
Authors: OKHRATI RAMIN , KARPATHOPOULOS NIKOLAOS
Published: September 2021

We study the local risk minimization approach for contingent claims that might be simultaneously prone to both endogenous (or structural) and exogenous (or reduced form) default events. The exogenous default time is defined through a hazard rate process that can depend on both the underlying risky asset values and its running infimum process. On the other hand, the endogenous default time could be modeled by a first-passage-time approach. In particular, our framework provides a unification of structural and reduced form credit risk modeling. In our work, the evolution of the underlying risky asset values is modeled by an exponential Lévy process, for example exponential jump-diffusion models. Our aim is to determine locally risk minimizing hedging strategies of the contingent claims that are affected by both structural and reduced form default events, through solutions of either partial differential equations or partial-integro differential equations. Finally, we show that these solutions are numerically implementable, and we provide some numerical examples.
Orthogonal decompositions of Lie algebras over finite commutative rings
Authors: Sriwongsa Songpon
Published: September 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite commutative ring with identity. In this paper, we give a necessary condition for the existence of an orthogonal decomposition of the special linear Lie algebra over [Formula: see text]. Additionally, we study orthogonal decompositions of the symplectic Lie algebra and the special orthogonal Lie algebra over [Formula: see text].
ON THE SOCIAL AND COGNITIVE DIMENSIONS OF WICKED ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS CHARACTERIZED BY CONCEPTUAL AND SOLUTION UNCERTAINTY
Authors: ARROYAVE FELBER J. , GOYENECHE OSCAR YANDY ROMERO , GORE MEREDITH , HEIMERIKS GASTON , JENKINS JEFFREY , PETERSEN ALEXANDER M.
Published: September 2021

We develop a quantitative framework for understanding the class of wicked problems that emerge at the intersections of natural, social, and technological complex systems. Wicked problems reflect our incomplete understanding of interdependent global systems and the systemic risk they pose; such problems escape solutions because they are often ill-defined, and thus mis-identified and under-appreciated by communities of problem-solvers. While there are well-documented benefits to tackling boundary-crossing problems from various viewpoints, the integration of diverse approaches can nevertheless contribute confusion around the collective understanding of the core concepts and feasible solutions. We explore this paradox by analyzing the development of both scholarly (social) and topical (cognitive) communities — two facets of knowledge production studies here that contribute towards the evolution of knowledge in and around a problem, termed a knowledge trajectory — associated with three wicked problems: deforestation, invasive species, and wildlife trade. We posit that saturation in the dynamics of social and cognitive diversity growth is an indicator of reduced uncertainty in the evolution of the comprehensive knowledge trajectory emerging around each wicked problem. Informed by comprehensive bibliometric data capturing both social and cognitive dimensions of each problem domain, we thereby develop a framework that assesses the stability of knowledge trajectory dynamics as an indicator of wickedness associated with conceptual and solution uncertainty. As such, our results identify wildlife trade as a wicked problem that may be difficult to address given recent instability in its knowledge trajectory.
Traversable phantom wormholes via conformal symmetry in f(R,φ,χ) gravity
Authors: Wu Hengfei
Published: September 2021

This analysis explores the solutions for wormhole in [Formula: see text] gravity, where [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] represent the kinetic term, scalar potential, and Ricci scalar, respectively. For this study, we use the spherically symmetric spacetime with the anisotropic source of matter. Further, we use the linear equation of state to complete this current investigation in the background of conformal symmetry motion. By plugging non-zero conformal Killing vectors, we discuss the feasible phantom wormhole configurations. Under the linear equation of state, the stability of wormhole solutions with specific values of parameters is also checked by using the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation. Further, the energy conditions are also discussed with conformal motions. Moreover, it is concluded that our inquired solutions are physically viable in [Formula: see text] gravity.
Wormholes solutions in f(R,T) gravity with photon sphere at the throat
Authors: Godani Nisha
Published: September 2021

This work is aimed at the study of traversable wormholes, proposed by Morris and Thorne [Wormholes in spacetime and their use for interstellar travel: A tool for teaching general relativity, Am. J. Phys. 56 (1988) 395], in the framework of [Formula: see text] gravity, where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are constants. The wormhole solutions are obtained and analyzed by using a simplest form of shape function. Further, the existence of photon spheres outside the throat of wormhole due to the gravitational lensing effect is detected.
Deep learning neural network for the prediction of Asian Tiger stock markets
Authors: Yap Kok-Leong , Lau Wee-Yeap , Ismail Izlin
Published: September 2021

Motivated by the recent interest of stock traders and investors towards the deep learning neural network, this study employs the deep learning neural networks, namely, multilayer perceptron, long short-term memory, and convolutional neural network, to forecast the Asian Tiger stock markets. One of the challenges to using deep learning neural networks is to select the input variable. We propose to use multiple linear regression to select the input variable that is significant to the output. Besides, we construct a regional stock market index as a significant input to forecast the Asian Tiger stock markets. A comparison study on the forecasting model shows that the deep learning model can be used as a decision-making system that assists investors to predict short-term movement and trends of stock prices.
Differences in the Preferences of Information Sources Between COVID-19 Pandemic and Earthquakes Among Young People in Turkey
Authors: Inal Onal Ebru , Ünal Yeşim , Tekeli-Yesil Sidika
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study aims to investigate earthquake-related and COVID-19 pandemic-related information sources of young people and whether there is a difference in the preferences of information sources regarding COVID-19 pandemic and earthquake measures in Istanbul, Turkey. Methods: This study was descriptive. The study was conducted among university students in Istanbul. A total of 282 students participated in the study. McNemar’s test was used to compare the differences between information sources of earthquake and COVID-19 measures. Results: Although there was no significant difference between taking earthquake and COVID-19 measures in the study, there were statistically significant differences between the information sources related to earthquake and COVID-19 except non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and newspapers. While Internet, activities at school/neighborhood/workplace, and TV were the top three sources of information about earthquake measures, TV, Internet, and social media were the top three sources of information about COVID-19 measures. The reasons of preferences of information sources were similar. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference between the information sources related to earthquake and COVID-19 except NGOs and newspapers. The study revealed that the types of information sources change depending on earthquake and COVID-19. Resource preferences should be analyzed well, and risk communication should be carried out effectively. Providing easy, understandable information is important for both hazards.
Clinically Suspected and Biopsy-Proven Myocarditis Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Caforio Alida L.P. , Baritussio Anna , Basso Cristina , Marcolongo Renzo
Published: September 2021

We review current data on clinically suspected [European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2013 criteria] and biopsy-proven [ESC and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria] myocarditis that is temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. ESC/WHO etiological diagnosis of viral myocarditis is based on histological and immunohistological evidence of nonischemic myocyte necrosis and monolymphocytic infiltration, i.e., myocarditis, plus the identification of a specific cardiotropic virus by molecular techniques, in particular polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/in-situ hybridization, on endomyocardial biopsy (EMB)/autopsy tissue. There is not yet definitive EMB/autopsy proof that SARS-CoV-2 causes direct cardiomyocyte damage in association with histological myocarditis. Clinical epidemiology data suggest that myocarditis is uncommon for both SARS-CoV-2-positive and -negative PCR cases. We hypothesize that the rare virus-negative biopsy-proven cases may represent new-onset immune-mediated or latent pre-existing autoimmune forms,triggered or fostered by the hyperinflammatory state of severe COVID-19. We recommend the application of the ESC/WHO definitions and diagnostic criteria in future reports to avoid low-quality scientific information leading to an inaccurate estimate of myocarditis incidence based on misdiagnosis.
Dynamic Probability Analysis for Construction Schedule Using Subset Simulation
Authors: Zhang Shen , Wang Xingyu
Published: September 2021

Schedule management is an essential part of construction project management. In practical management affairs, many uncertainties may lead to potential project delays and make the schedule risky. To quantify such risk, the Probabilistic Critical Path Method (PCPM) is used to compute the overdue probability. Survey shows it could help project managers understand the schedule better. However, two critical factors limited the application of PCPM: computational efficiency and timeliness. To solve these constraints, we combined subset simulation and statistical learning to build a computationally efficient and dynamic simulation system. Numerical experiment shows that this method can effectively improve the computation efficiency without losing any accuracy and outperforms the other approaches with the same assumptions. Besides, we proposed a machine learning‐based way to estimate task duration distributions in PCPM automatically. It collects real‐time progress data through user interactions and learns the best PERT‐Beta parameters based on these historical data. Our estimator provides our simulation system the ability to handle dynamic assessment without laborious human work. These improvements reduce the limitations of PCPM, making the application of PCPM in practical management affairs possible.
Application of Random Forest Algorithm in Physical Education
Authors: Xu Qingxiang , Yin Jiesen
Published: September 2021

Learning has been a significant emerging field for several decades since it is a great determinant of the world’s civilization and evolution, having a significant impact on both individuals and communities. In general, improving the existing learning activities has a great influence on the global literacy rates. The assessment technique is one of the most important activities in education since it is the major method for evaluating students during their studies. In the new era of higher education, it is clearly stipulated that the administration of higher education should develop an intelligent diversified teaching evaluation model which can assist the performance of students’ physical education activities and grades and pay attention to the development of students’ personalities and potential. Keeping the importance of an intelligent model for physical education, this paper uses factor analysis and an improved random forest algorithm to reduce the dimensions of students’ multidisciplinary achievements in physical education into a few typical factors which help to improve the performance of the students. According to the scores of students at each factor level, the proposed system can more comprehensively evaluate the students’ achievements. In the empirical teaching research of students’ grade evaluation, the improved iterative random forest algorithm is used for the first time. The automatic evaluation of students’ grades is achieved based on the students’ grades in various disciplines and the number of factors indicating the students’ performance. In a series of experiments the performance of the proposed improved random forest algorithm was compared with the other machine learning models. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed model was better than the other machine learning models by attaining the accuracy of 88.55%, precision of 88.21%, recall of 95.86%, and f1-score of 0.9187. The implementation of the proposed system is anticipated to be very helpful for the physical education system.
Fractional Order Airy’s Type Differential Equations of Its Models Using RDTM
Authors: Gusu Daba Meshesha , Wegi Dechasa , Gemechu Girma , Gemechu Diriba
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we propose a novel reduced differential transform method (RDTM) to compute analytical and semianalytical approximate solutions of fractional order Airy’s ordinary differential equations and fractional order Airy’s and Airy’s type partial differential equations subjected to certain initial conditions. The performance of the proposed method was analyzed and compared with a convergent series solution form with easily computable coefficients. The behavior of approximated series solutions at different values of fractional order

α

and its modeling in 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional spaces are compared with exact solutions using MATLAB graphical method analysis. Moreover, the physical and geometrical interpretations of the computed graphs are given in detail within 2- and 3-dimensional spaces. Accordingly, the obtained approximate solutions of fractional order Airy’s ordinary differential equations and fractional order Airy’s and Airy’s type partial differential equations subjected to certain initial conditions exactly fit with exact solutions. Hence, the proposed method reveals reliability, effectiveness, efficiency, and strengthening of computed mathematical results in order to easily solve fractional order Airy’s type differential equations.
Smooth Path Planning of Mobile Robot Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Wang Wenming , Zhao Jiangdong , Li Zebin , Huang Ji
Published: September 2021

Aiming at the problems of slow convergence, easy to fall into local optimum, and poor smoothness of traditional ant colony algorithm in mobile robot path planning, an improved ant colony algorithm based on path smoothing factor was proposed. Firstly, the environment map was constructed based on the grid method, and each grid was marked to make the ant colony move from the initial grid to the target grid for path search. Then, the heuristic information is improved by referring to the direction information of the starting point and the end point and combining with the turning angle. By improving the heuristic information, the direction of the search is increased and the turning angle of the robot is reduced. Finally, the pheromone updating rules were improved, the smoothness of the two-dimensional path was considered, the turning times of the robot were reduced, and a new path evaluation function was introduced to enhance the pheromone differentiation of the effective path. At the same time, the Max-Min Ant System (MMAS) algorithm was used to limit the pheromone concentration to avoid being trapped in the local optimum path. The simulation results show that the improved ant colony algorithm can search the optimal path length and plan a smoother and safer path with fast convergence speed, which effectively solves the global path planning problem of mobile robot.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Circular RNAs as miRNA Sponges in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Yuechao , Wang Xin , Bi Lulu , Huo Hongbo , Yan Shi , Cui Yimeng , Cui Yaowen , Gu Ruixue , Jia Dexin , Zhang Shuai , Cai Li , Li Xiaomei , Xing Ying
Published: September 2021

Background. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) may function as the decoys for microRNAs (miRNAs) or proteins, the templates for translation, and the sources of pseudogene generation. The purpose of this study is to determine the diagnostic circRNAs, which are related to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), that adsorb miRNAs on the basis of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis. Methods. The differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) in LUAD were revealed by the microarray data (GSE101586 and GSE101684) that were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The miRNAs that were targeted by the DEcircRNAs were predicted with the CircInteractome, and the target mRNAs of the miRNAs were found by the miRDB and the TargetScan. The ceRNA network was built by the Cytoscape. The potential biological roles and the regulatory mechanisms of the circRNAs were investigated by the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. The expression of the host genes of circRNAs was examined by the Ualcan. The survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan–Meier plotter. Results. In comparison with normal lung tissues, LUAD tissues contained 7 overlapping cancer-specific DEcircRNAs with 294 miRNA response elements (MREs). Among the 7 DEcircRNAs, 3 circRNAs (hsa_circ_0072088, hsa_circ_0003528, and hsa_circ_0008274) were upregulated and 4 circRNAs (hsa_circ_0003162, hsa_circ_0029426, hsa_circ_0049271, and hsa_circ_0043256) were downregulated. A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, which included 33 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and 2007 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), was constructed. These mRNAs were enriched in the biological function of cell-cell adhesion, response to hypoxia, and stem cell differentiation and were involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling, HIF-1 signaling, and cAMP signaling pathways. Conclusion. Our results indicated that 7 DEcircRNAs could have diagnostic value for LUAD. Additionally, the circRNAs-mediated ceRNA network might provide a novel perspective into unraveling the pathogenesis and progression of LUAD.
KIF20B Promotes Cell Proliferation and May Be a Potential Therapeutic Target in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhao Cui-Cui , Chen Fei-Ran , Feng Guo-Wei , Luo Fei , Jiang Tao
Published: September 2021

KIFs have been reported to play a critical role in a variety of tumors, and KIF20B is a protein in KFIs. In this research, KIF20B was highly expressed in the GEO database and our hospital’s data, and high expression of KIF20B suggested poor prognosis. We detect the expression of KIF20B in pancreatic cancer and adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry. Knockdown of KIF20B in pancreatic cancer cell lines, PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells, inhibited cell proliferation which are detected by colony formation assays, CCK8, and western bolt of Ki-67 and PCNA. Xenograft assay showed a similar result in vivo. KIF20B is a potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
Reduction of Embodied Energy and Construction Cost of Affordable Houses through Efficient Architectural Design: A Case Study in Indian Scenario
Authors: Bansal Deepak , Minocha V. K. , Kaur Arvinder , Dakwale Vaidehi A. , Ralegaonkar R. V.
Published: September 2021

Embodied energy and cost of construction of any building depends upon the consumption of resources, more specifically construction materials. In housing clusters, the spaces provided for horizontal and vertical circulation of occupants such as corridors and contribute in the built‐up area of individual unit without any increase in the usable/carpet area. Thus, an efficient architectural planning of common circulation spaces plays a major role in lowering the built‐up‐to‐carpet area ratio of individual housing unit in clusters. This may, thus, result in lesser embodied energy and maximum area availability for occupant usage. In the present study, 30 clusters of Indian affordable housing units (IAHUs) of similar typology and different architectural designs are analyzed. The built‐up and carpet area of each IAHU are estimated, and the ratio of the built‐up to carpet area is calculated. Detailed estimates of construction materials for each IAHU is prepared, and cost of construction and embodied energy is calculated. The calculations of embodied energy and construction cost are done for major construction materials, viz., cement, steel, bricks, sand, and coarse aggregate and compared with different built‐up‐to‐carpet area ratio. The study of IAHUs concludes that a variation of 1.30 to 1.62 in the built‐up area‐to‐carpet area ratio results in variation in construction cost (INR 13,425.00 to 20,138.00 per m2 carpet area) and embodied energy (4–6.5 GJ per m2 carpet area). Analysis suggests that the IAHU with a lower built‐up‐to‐carpet area ratio exhibits reduction in the cost of construction and embodied energy simultaneously. Thus, an efficient architectural design plays a major role in improving the sustainability of IAHUs and built‐up‐to‐carpet area ratio is an important indicator of sustainability.
Therapeutic Potential of Isoflavones with an Emphasis on Daidzein
Authors: Alshehri Mohammed M. , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Herrera-Bravo Jesús , Jara Evelyn L. , Salazar Luis A. , Kregiel Dorota , Uprety Yadav , Akram Muhammad , Iqbal Mehwish , Martorell Miquel , Torrens-Mas Margalida , Pons Daniel Gabriel , Daştan Sevgi Durna , Cruz-Martins Natália , Ozdemir Fethi Ahmet , Kumar Manoj , Cho William C.
Published: September 2021

Daidzein is a phytoestrogen isoflavone found in soybeans and other legumes. The chemical composition of daidzein is analogous to mammalian estrogens, and it could be useful with a dual‐directional purpose by substituting/hindering with estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER) complex. Hence, daidzein puts forth shielding effects against a great number of diseases, especially those associated with the control of estrogen, such as breast cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. However, daidzein also has other ER‐independent biological activities, such as oxidative damage reduction acting as an antioxidant, immune regulator as an anti‐inflammatory agent, and apoptosis regulation, directly linked to its potential anticancer effects. In this sense, the present review is aimed at providing a deepen analysis of daidzein pharmacodynamics and its implications in human health, from its best‐known effects alleviating postmenopausal symptoms to its potential anticancer and antiaging properties.
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Tannin-Rich Extract and Coating onto Cotton Textiles for Catalytic Degradation of Congo Red
Authors: Pisitsak Penwisa , Chamchoy Kwandee , Chinprateep Varanrada , Khobthong Wiphawan , Chitichotpanya Pisutsaran , Ummartyotin Sarute
Published: September 2021

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized under ambient conditions from chloroauric acid in aqueous solution at pH 4. Tannin-rich extract from Xylocarpus granatum bark was used as both reducing and capping agent, rapidly converting Au (I) salt to AuNPs. Transmission electron microscopy showed the as-prepared AuNPs to be predominantly spherical, with an average diameter of 17 nm. The AuNPs were tested for catalytic reduction of Congo red (CR), a carcinogenic azo dye, in aqueous sodium borohydride solution. Cotton samples were coated with the AuNPs, taking on a reddish-purple color. The samples showed significantly reduced tearing strength after coating, though tensile strength was unaffected. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to determine the dye concentration in the water. CR degradation was observed only when AuNPs were present, and the efficiency of degradation was strongly linked to the AuNP loading. The AuNP-coated fabrics left only a 4.7% CR concentration in the solution after 24 h and therefore promise as a heterogeneous catalyst for degradation of CR in aqueous solution.
Experimental Study on the Progressive Collapse Resistance of Two‐Storey Half‐Scale Fabricated Reinforced Concrete Column‐Steel Beam Composite Frame Structure
Authors: Liu Youquan , Xiong Jingang , Wen Jiancong
Published: September 2021

Progressive collapse behavior of case‐in‐place concrete and steel frame structures has been extensively investigated over the past years. However, studies on progressive collapse resistance and characteristics of prefabricated RCS composite frame structure (space frame) are limited. In this study, a half‐scale prefabricated RCS space frame structure (two‐storey, 1 × 2‐bay) was designed and manufactured and then tested through the sudden failure of the long‐side central column. The weakened part of failure column was rapidly pulled out using vehicle traction force, and displacement was obtained with a dynamic data acquisition instrument supplemented by high‐speed camera to record the deformation process of the structure. Additionally, the remaining structure displacement variation and the beam‐to‐column connections of fem model under progressive collapse were simulated using SAP2000. The FEA results were compared with the experimental results to verify the effectiveness of the numerical analysis. Experimental results demonstrated that the prefabricated RCS composite frame structure designed in accordance with Chinese building codes shows improved resistance to progressive collapse. The dynamic effect demonstrates no significant influence on the prefabricated RCS composite frame structure, and the suggested dynamic amplification coefficient is 1.28. Steel plates (A, B, and C) of the beam‐to‐column connection are the weak part of the structural failure, and appropriate measures should be applied to strengthen the steel plate of the beam‐to‐column connection when the prefabricated RCS composite frame structure is designed to resist progressive collapse. SAP2000 FEM program verified that the numerical simulation results are basically consistent with the experimental results.
Comparing Machine Learning Methods to Improve Fall Risk Detection in Elderly with Osteoporosis from Balance Data
Authors: Cuaya-Simbro German , Perez-Sanpablo Alberto-I. , Morales Eduardo-F. , Quiñones Uriostegui Ivett , Nuñez-Carrera Lidia
Published: September 2021

Falls are a multifactorial cause of injuries for older people. Subjects with osteoporosis are particularly vulnerable to falls. We study the performance of different computational methods to identify people with osteoporosis who experience a fall by analysing balance parameters. Balance parameters, from eyes open and closed posturographic studies, and prospective registration of falls were obtained from a sample of 126 community-dwelling older women with osteoporosis (age 74.3 ± 6.3) using World Health Organization Questionnaire for the study of falls during a follow-up of 2.5 years. We analyzed model performance to determine falls of every developed model and to validate the relevance of the selected parameter sets. The principal findings of this research were (1) models built using oversampling methods with either IBk (KNN) or Random Forest classifier can be considered good options for a predictive clinical test and (2) feature selection for minority class (FSMC) method selected previously unnoticed balance parameters, which implies that intelligent computing methods can extract useful information with attributes which otherwise are disregarded by experts. Finally, the results obtained suggest that Random Forest classifier using the oversampling method to balance the data independent of the set of variables used got the best overall performance in measures of sensitivity (>0.71), specificity (>0.18), positive predictive value (PPV >0.74), and negative predictive value (NPV >0.66) independent of the set of variables used. Although the IBk classifier was built with oversampling data considering information from both eyes opened and closed, using all variables got the best performance (sensitivity >0.81, specificity >0.19, PPV = 0.97, and NPV = 0.66).
Three‐Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Large‐Scale Free Surface Flows with Heat and Contaminant Transfer in Reservoirs
Authors: Diao Wei , Yuan Hao , Chen Liang , Zhang Xujin , Zhang Cunze
Published: September 2021

The temperature distribution and pollutant distribution in large reservoirs have always been a hotspot in the field of hydraulics and environmentology, and the three‐dimensional numerical modeling that can effectively simulate the interactions between the temperature fields, concentration fields, and flow fields needs to be proposed. The double‐diffusive convection lattice Boltzmann method is coupled with a single‐phase volume of fluid model for simulating heat and contaminant transfer in large‐scale free surface flows. The coupling model is used to simulate the double‐diffusive natural convection in a cubic cavity and the temperature distribution of a model reservoir. The mechanism of convection‐diffusion, gravity sinking flow, and the complexity of the temperature and the pollutant redistribution process are analyzed. Good agreements between the simulated results and the reference data validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed coupling model in studying free surface flows with heat and contaminant transfer. At last, the temporal and spatial variations of flow state, water temperature stratification, and pollutant transport in the up‐reservoir of a pumped‐storage power station are simulated and analyzed by the proposed model. The obtained variations of the flow field agree well with the observations in the physical model test and in practical engineering. In addition, the simulated temperature field and concentration field are also consistent with the general rules, which demonstrates the feasibility of the coupling model in simulating temperature and pollutant distribution problems in realistic reservoirs and shows its good prospects in engineering application.
Exploring Influencing Factors of Intercity Mode Choice from View of Entire Travel Chain
Authors: Li Xiaowei , Zhang Siyu , Wu Yao , Wang Yuting , Wang Wenbo
Published: September 2021

Exploring the influencing factors of intercity travel mode choice can reveal passengers’ travel decision mechanisms and help traffic departments to develop an effective demand management policy. To investigate these factors, a survey was conducted in Xi’an, China, to collect data about passengers’ travel chains, including airplane, high-speed railway (HSR), train, and express bus. A Bayesian mixed multinomial logit model is developed to identify significant factors and explicate unobserved heterogeneity across observations. The effect of significant factors on intercity travel mode choice is quantitatively assessed by the odds ratio (OR) technique. The results show that the Bayesian mixed multinomial logit model outperforms the traditional Bayesian multinomial logit model, indicating that accommodating the unobserved heterogeneity across observations can improve the model fit. The model estimation results show that ticket purchasing method, comfort, punctuality, and access time are random parameters that have heterogeneous effects on intercity travel mode choice.
Temperature Field and Gradient Effect of a Steel‐Concrete Composite Box Girder Bridge
Authors: Li Haoxu , Zhang Zhiguo , Deng Nianchun
Published: September 2021

To study the effect of the temperature field and gradient of a steel‐concrete composite box girder bridge, a 5 × 35 continuous composite box girder bridge is used as the research object. The temperature measuring point is set by selecting a typical cross section, and the temperature change data are measured. The temperature field of the different positions in the composite box girder bridge is studied, the global and local temperature differences are compared, and the law of temperature distribution and the main factors affecting the temperature field are formulated. The most unfavourable expression function of the vertical temperature gradient of the section is simulated using the measured data, the existing standard temperature gradient mode is compared, the finite element model of the bridge is established, and the influence of the actual temperature gradient mode on the stress and deformation of the composite girder is further analysed. The conclusions show that the temperature differences of different azimuth sections and the local temperature differences between the steel and concrete joint parts of the steel‐concrete composite box girder bridge are not significant. The temperature gradient heating and cooling model fitted by the measured temperature field can be used as a reference for the structural design of similar local bridges.
ER-Store: A Hybrid Storage Mechanism with Erasure Coding and Replication in Distributed Database Systems
Authors: Li Zijian , Xiao Chuqiao
Published: September 2021

In distributed database systems, as cluster scales grow, efficiency and availability become critical considerations. In a cluster, a common approach to high availability is using replication, but this is inefficient due to its low storage utilization. Erasure coding can provide data reliability while ensuring high storage utilization. However, due to the large number of coding and decoding operations required by the CPU, it is not suitable for some frequently updated data. In order to optimize the storage efficiency of the data in the distributed system without affecting the availability of the data, this paper proposes a data temperature recognition algorithm that can distinguish data tablets and divides data tablets into three types, cold, warm, and hot, according to the frequency of access. Combining three replicas and erasure coding technology, ER-store is proposed, a hybrid storage mechanism for different data types. At the same time, we combined the read-write separation architecture of the distributed database system to design the data temperature conversion cycle, which reduces the computational overhead caused by frequent updates of erasure coding technology. We have implemented this design on the CBase database system based on the read-write separation architecture, and the experimental results show that it can save 14.6%–18.3% of the storage space while meeting the efficient access performance of the system.
miR-433-3p Targets AJUBA to Inhibit Malignant Progression of Glioma
Authors: Zhang Jing , Guo Yihang , Ma Yanrong , Wang Lipeng , Li Weiyuan , Zhang Manyu , Zhao Jiaming , Hu Yueming , Yu Hongmei , Hu Guozhi
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Glioma is the most aggressive and malignant type of tumors among primary intracranial tumors. miR-433-3p has been verified to be correlated with the formation and progression of many types of cancers. Methods: In this study, the effects of miR-433-3p and AJUBA on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma and the molecular mechanisms were investigated. We analyzed bioinformatics databases and conducted cell biology experiments to determine that compared with adjacent tissue and normal cells, the expression level of miR-433-3p in glioma tissue and cells was lower, while the expression level of AJUBA was higher. Overexpressing miR-433-3p could significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells and promote cell apoptosis. Results: In addition, after overexpressing miR-433-3p and AJUBA, it was found that overexpressing AJUBA could attenuate the inhibitory effect of overexpressing miR-433-3p on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells, which suggested that miR-433-3p regulated the biological function of glioma by downregulating AJUBA expression. Conclusion: These results proved that miR-433-3p could target to inhibit the expression of AJUBA, thus inhibiting the biological function and malignant progression of glioma.