bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Applicability Compare of Pavement Smoothness Instruments and the Exploration of the Specifications
Authors: Lin Jyh Dong , Zheng Chin Yuan , Liu Chien Chih
Published: August 2013

Pavement roughness has a huge influence on driving comfort. As the progressive growing of motor vehicles, it is an important issue to effectively and quickly collect pavement information and prevent road congestion from lane closure when doing road test. This research compares the applicability of each roughness index and roughness instrument to recommend related organizations. The International Roughness Index, IRI is the index which is suitable for large-scale test, and the wavelength it can detect is close to human bodys sensation of vertical acceleration. The research also improves the self-developed inertial profiler based on previous generation, the instrument can now collect data on two side of the car instead of one side to improve the reliability in the process of road network test. The research finally compare the related regulation of inertial profiler and find out that the accelerometer, displacement sensors and numerical verification of domestic inertial profiler is incomplete and needs to be refined.
Explore Important Variables Influence the Safety and Accessibility of Sidewalk Using the Structural Equation Model (SEM)
Authors: Chen Shih Huang , Li Pei Yi , Wu Chia Chen , Cheng Yi Yang , Liao Yen Kai
Published: August 2013

The prevalence rate of sidewalk was currently one of an important index to assess the development on various international countries. However, according to the result of The Annual National Safe and Accessible Sidewalk Assessment project on urban roads that conducted in recent year by the Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of Interior; the suitability of sidewalk setting still has many issues for improvement. This study focused on the current condition of urban sidewalk environment, and conduct analysis by utilizing the Structural Equation Model (SEM) to explore important variables that influenced on the suitability of sidewalk. According to the analyzed result of the SEM, the width and clearance height of sidewalk were important factors that influenced on suitability of overall sidewalk. Therefore, from the result, improvement on sidewalk should improve the width and clearance height in priority.
Green Urban Public Bikes Rental System: A Case Study of Taipei YouBike
Authors: Yang Hui Hua
Published: August 2013

Public bikes rental system is an innovative scheme of rental bicycles in urban areas and can be seen as part of the public transport system. This study investigates the users of Taipei YouBike rental system, analysis their intention and behaviors, pre-expectation and actual experience on satisfaction. The result indicates that the users were mostly from long term annual fee commuters. The result also reveals distinct discrepancies between pre-expectation and actual experience, especially in distributes of safety routes and environments and clear indication of signs on bike routes. The findings can be used for Taipei City to improve the urban bicycle program and make more effort to develop safety cycling infrastructures and amenities.
A PV Cell Mathematical Model and MPPT Algorithm in PSCAD
Authors: Xu Li Mei , Pan Chao , Shao Shi Quan
Published: August 2013

This paper proposes a modified equation-based model for a PV cell to get the best I-V characteristic comparing with the points taken directly from the manufacturer’s published curves. Based on the model discussed in [1, 3], a modified mathematical equation is put forward taking the changes of environmental parameter into account. Moreover, on the basis of Boost-circuit, an optimized initial Duty Circle is proposed. The initial data varies with the different temperature and irradiance. This method can result in a high speed MPPT. To validate the model accuracy and the MPPT efficiency, the elements library about PV system has been developed in PSCAD software. A particular typical 200W photovoltaic panel (KC200GT) is used in simulation. By comparing with the general model and manufacturer’s datasheet, the simulation results show excellent correspondence to the modified model. The improved MPPT module in PSCAD can track the maximum power point quickly and exactly.
Analysis of Chinese Natural Gas Interchangeability Predicted by Weaver Indices
Authors: Chen Zhi Guang , Qin Chao Kui , Zhan Yang Jun , Qiu Ju
Published: August 2013

Many cities in China are being supplied with natural gases from different sources including PNGs (Pipeline Natural Gas) and LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), critical attention should be paid to natural gas interchangeability problems. In this paper, the applicability of Weaver Indices for Chinese natural gas interchangeability prediction has been discussed. Experiment with 17 sets of domestic gas appliances and 11 natural gases about 187 test conditions has been done to analyze the interchangeability. It can conclude from experiment results that some sources of natural gas cannot be interchangeable, and Weaver Indices isnt totally suitable to predict lifting and incomplete combustion performance for Chinese natural gas interchangeability. It suggests the limits of Incomplete Combustion JI should be changed into JI0.04 and Lifting JL to JL0.95.
Influence of Eu Substitution for Y on the High Temperature Electric Transport Properties of YBaCo4O7+δ
Authors: He Qing Lin , Gao Feng , Song Hong Zhang , Hu Xing
Published: August 2013

The electric resistivity, Seebeck coefficients and power factors of Y1-xEuxBaCo4O7+δ (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) ceramics were investigated from 400K to 1000K. The results show that the presence of Eu decreases electrical resistivity, and has little effect on Seebeck coefficients of the samples. The activation energy of conductivity is calculated by the Arrhenius plots in the semiconductive region. According to power factors, the optimum Eu substitution amount is x = 0.1, which results in a higher power factor of 67.5 μWm-1K-2 at 1000K, 30% higher than unmodified sample YBaCo4O7+δ.
Pyrolysis Characteristics of Long Flame Coal
Authors: Deng Yang Bo , Xu Zhen , Su Feng Min
Published: August 2013

Applying thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry, a pyrolysis analysis of a long flame coal from Chinese Hami was carried out. The results show: In the temperature range between 400°C and 600°C, the degradation of the carbonaceous matrix and the evolution of relatively high molecular weight species result in the abundant release of CH4, C3H6, C6H6, C7H8, C8H10 and otherwise gas in the coal sample. The weight loss between 400°C and 600°C occupies a main proportion in the total weight loss. In the temperature range between 600°C and 900°C, the condensation of the aromatic ring and the decomposition of mineral matter result in the abundant release of H2, CO2, C6H6 and otherwise gas.
Structure Characteristics Analysis of Long Flame Coal
Authors: Deng Yang Bo , Xu Zhen , Dong Jing Ming
Published: August 2013

Applying X-ray diffraction, an analysis of crystallite structure on the coal samples from Hami, including raw coal and coals heated respectively at 200°C, 250°C and 300°C, was carried out. The results show: The intensity of the 002 diffraction peak increases, the γ diffraction peak of the coals decreases, the 100 diffraction peak appears and its intensity increases, the size of the crystallite, the stacking height of the aromatic layer and the condensation degree of the aromatic rings increase, and the proportion of the non-crystallite decreases in coal samples, with the temperature increasing at below 300°C.
Study of Influence Factors on Wettability of Coal Dust
Authors: Sun Yin Yu , Nie Rong Chun , Zhang Lin Lin
Published: August 2013

In this study, coal samples of experimental come from the raw coal of Wangfenggang and Qidong. Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), water-reducing admixture NF and Tween-80 are choosed as surfactants. The influence factors on wettability of coal dust were characterized by contact angle meter, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and surface tension experiment. The research shows that the effect of solution on wettability of coal dust is mainly depended on the surface structure of coal dust, type and concentration of solution.
Influences of Precursor’s Processing Method on the Electrochemical Properties of Synthesized Lithium Vanadium Phosphate
Authors: Shi Dao Wu Shuang , Zhang Zheng , Zhao Hong Yuan , Liu Xin Quan
Published: August 2013

Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite cathode material was synthesized by solid state method using LiOH•H2O, NH4H2PO4, NH4VO3 as raw materials, sucrose as carbon source, and two kinds of precursor’s treatment such as pre-sintering and hydrothermal methods. The effect of different precursor’s treatment methods on the electrochemical properties of the material was investigated. The results showed that the samples treated with hydrothermal process has smaller particle size and the initial discharge specific capacity of 119mAh/g, the capacity retention rate is 85% after 20 cycles. But the samples treated with pre-sintering (without hydrothermal process) has larger particle size and the initial discharge specific capacity 103.2mAh/g, the capacity retention rate is only 72% after 20 cycles. These results can be attributed to that the hydrothermally treated sample has smaller particle sizes, higher conductivity and shorter distances of lithium ion diffusion and electron mobility, thus the electrochemical performances are improved.
The Preparation of Primary Battery Separator Using Polyamide Nonwoven and Nanofiber
Authors: Lee Hyoung Rae , Yun Jae Han , Choi Hyung Ho , Kim Dong Young , Byun Hong Sik
Published: August 2013

Separator is one of the key components of primary batteries and affects the safety and life of the battery. In this study, separator was prepared based on the polyamide (PA) nonwoven with PA nanofiber. PA nonwoven was prepared meltblown method. The spinning conditions for meltblown were optimized to improve the mechanical strength and the electrolyte property, which play an important roll to determine the electrical performance of battery. It was revealed that the PA nanofiber in the PA separator contributed to the electrolyte absorption and electrolyte absorption speed as well. The electrical performance of battery having PA separator was also investigated.
The Study of Theoretic Coated Carbon Amount and Excess Lithium in LiFePO4/C Synthesis by Means of Carbon Thermal Reduction Route
Authors: Zhao Ling , Wang Wei , Zhang Zheng , Liu Xing Quan
Published: August 2013

LiFePO4/C(LFP/C) composite cathode material was synthesized by carbon thermal reduction route with the sucrose as reducing agent and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Some parameters were optimized by means of determining the amount of sucrose and Li2CO3. The electrochemical performances were also tested through assembling batteries. The experimental results demonstrated that the proper theoretic coated carbon amount was 11.4% and 4.21% respectively, and the proper lithium usage is the normal stoichiometric proportion, namely, the lithium amount is not excess.
Catalytic Cracking of Coker Gas Oil at High Reaction Temperature and Catalyst to Oil Ratio
Authors: Zhang Jin Hong , Shan Hong Hong , Yang Chao He , Chen Xiao Bo , Li Chun Yi
Published: August 2013

Coker gas oil (CGO) is difficult to be cracked in the conventional FCC process, due to their high nitrogen content, especially the basic nitrogen compounds. To enhance the conversion of CGO, the high reaction temperature and catalyst to oil ratio processing scheme was performed in a pilot-scale riser FCC apparatus. To study the impact of (basic) nitrogen content, two kinds of CGO were tested. The results show that increasing the reaction temperature and CTO is an effective method for enhancing the conversion of CGO. The (basic) nitrogen content significantly influences the cracking behavior of CGO and the choose of optimal reaction conditions.
Experimental Studies on H2-Rich Gas Production by Co-Gasification of Coal and Biomass in an Intermittent Fluidized Bed Reactor
Authors: Wang Li Qun , Chen Zhao Sheng
Published: August 2013

This paper illustrates the experimental results of co-gasification of biomass and coal in an intermittent fluidized bed reactor, aiming to investigate the effects of gasification temperature (T) and steam to biomass mass ratio (SBMR) on the composition, yield, low heating value (LHV) and carbon conversion efficiency of the product gas. The results show that H2-rich gas with a high LHV is generated, in the range of 12.22-18.67 MJ/Nm3, and the H2 content in the product gas is in the range of 28.7-51.4%. Increases in temperature lead to an increase in CO and H2 content. The H2/CO molar ratio in the product gas is close to 1 at temperature above 925 °C. With steam addition, the H2 content increases gradually, while the content of CO increases first and then decrease correspondingly. The molar ratio of H2/CO is close to 1 with the smallest supplied amount of steam addition (SBMR =0.4).
Simulation of a Novel Chemical Looping System for Recovering Elemental Sulfur from Acid Gases Using Ca-Based Oxygen Carriers
Authors: Chang Jing , Han Ming Dong , Tian Hong Jing
Published: August 2013

In this paper, a novel chemical-looping process is developed for converting sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the flue gas generated from industries to elemental sulfur using Ca-based oxygen carriers. The system is mainly composed of a bubbling bed gasifier, a bubbling bed reactor and a circulating fluidized bed reactor. The high-purity sulfur vapor can be obtained from the reaction between SO2 and calcium sulfide and then be cooled into solid sulfur particles. From the thermodynamic analysis, the reactions between CaS and SO2 is much more easier to reach equilibrium than Claus reaction between H2S and SO2. When the temperature ranges from 500 to 600 °C, the major sulfur vapor is diatomic sulfur vapor while the solid product is mainly CaSO4, representing the regenerating of the oxygen carrier. In the system, the required heat in the coal gasification comes from the strongly exothermic oxidation of oxygen carrier, by circulating the oxygen carrier particles in the system. The effects of reacting temperature, SO2/CaS molar ratio on the yield of sulfur particle and conversion of SO2 to elemental sulfur are all discussed. The favorable temperature of the reactor to generate elemental sulfur should be between 500 and 600 °C.
Study on the Kinetics of Chemical Looping Combustion of Copper-Based Oxygen Carrier
Authors: Liu Yong Qiang , Wang Zhi Qi , Wu Jing Li , Wu Jin Hu
Published: August 2013

Kinetics is the study of rates of chemical processes, which includes investigations of how different experimental conditions can influence the speed of a chemical reaction and the reactions mechanism. In this paper, the influences of several parameters including particle size and mass of copper-based oxygen carrier, reaction gas flow rate and temperature on the conversion rate of oxygen carrier in chemical looping combustion was investigated. The results of experiment reveal that the conversion rate of oxygen carrier is influenced by the reaction temperature, mass of the oxygen carrier and the reaction gas flow rate. The conversion rate of oxygen carrier is improved with decreasing the mass of the oxygen carrier and increasing the reaction gas flow rate within a certain extent in the chemical looping combustion process. The particle size has very little effect on the conversion rate, and 800 °C is an advisable reaction temperature for chemical looping combustion process of copper-based oxygen carrier with methane and air.
Effect of Oxygen Plasma Treatment on Bacterial Cellulose-Alginate Composite Sponge as a Yeast Cell Carrier for Ethanol Fermentation
Authors: Kirdponpattara Suchata , Newby Bi-Min Zhang , Phisalaphong Muenduen K.M.
Published: August 2013

A bacterial cellulose-alginate composite sponge (BCA) was developed for use as a cell carrier in ethanol fermentation. Its hydrophilicity was improved by oxygen plasma treatment. Due to the etching effect in plasma application, the external surface roughness of treated BCA was increased, resulting in a decrease of advancing water contact angle. However, oxygen plasma treatment might not be able to create sufficient hydrophilic functional groups on the internal pore surface of BCA, where the yeast cells would be immobilized during fermentation. As a result, under batch fermentation, no significant difference in ethanol production obtained from the immobilized cell systems using the treated and untreated BCAs.
Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Urea-SCR Catalyst for Diesel Engine
Authors: Wang Dong Cheng , Li Min
Published: August 2013

Numerical simulation of certain diesel engine Urea-SCR catalyst is carried out using computational fluid dynamics method. Injection and atomization of Urea solution, evaporation of water and thermolysis of Urea are taken into account, while the surface chemical reaction in the carrier is ignored. Through the study of ammonia concentration distribution index on the inlet cross-section of the carrier, performance of the catalyst under different situations is evaluated and compared, which can provide some guiding suggestion for further optimization, and the different situations are cases with or without a mixer, cases with different injection distances, cases with different nozzle numbers and cases with different nozzle diameters.
Transesterifcation of Palm Olein Oil Using Na3PO4 as Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Thinnakorn Khritsayaporn , Tscheikuna Jirdsak
Published: August 2013

Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production from transesterification reaction of palm olein oil with methanol in the presence of Na3PO4 as heterogeneous catalyst was investigated. The effects of molar ratio of methanol to oil, amount of catalyst and reaction temperature on the yield of FAME were studied. The results showed that sodium phosphate can be used effectively as heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification reaction. The rate of reaction and yield of FAME depend on molar ratio of methanol to oil, amount of catalyst used and operating temperature. Molar ratio of methanol to oil of higher than 18:1 gives fastest rate of reaction and highest FAME content. Higher operating temperatures tend to accelerate the rate of reaction but reduces glycerol by-product quality. When large excess of methanol is used, the experimental results agrees with irreversible 1st order kinetic model and the activation energy is found to be 43.6 kJ/mol.
Transformation of Methane into Synthesis Gas Using the Redox Property of Pr-Zr Mixed Oxides: Effect of Calcination Temperature
Authors: Wei Yong Gang , Du Yun Peng , Li Kong Zhai , Zhu Xing , Wang Hua
Published: August 2013

Pr-Zr mixed oxides prepared by co-precipitation were used as oxygen carriers for converting methane into synthesis gas through gas-solid reactions. The structural evolution and reducibility of Pr-Zr oxygen carriers with calcination temperatures from 600 to 1200°C were investigated by XRD and TPR techniques and correlated to their activity for methane selective oxidation. The Pr-Zr mixed oxides calcined at 600-800°C show outstanding thermostability, and higher calcination temperatures result in phase segregation. Pr0.7Zr0.3O2-δ possesses high temperature stability(<900 °C) and the best appropriate calcination temperature is 800°C for methane gas-solid reaction.
Analysis of Chinese Energy Security Based on Quantitative Evaluation Method
Authors: Zhang Yan , Shen Lei , Shi Min Jun
Published: August 2013

This paper by the following five areas: domestic resources and support capabilities, domestic production and supply capacity, international market ability to obtain national emergency regulation capacity, environmental security and ability to control to select the reserve-production ratio of the energy reserves replacement rate, the share of production, self-sufficiency ratethe share of imports, the price, the level of reserves, consumption intensity, carbon emissions, and clean energy proportion of 10 indicators, and finally design evaluation index system of energy security. It canbe description of the energy security overall situation by the energy safety index that calculated by weighted composite model.The results show that the energy security index the higher the value, the more secure the energy situation. The evaluation shows that under a realistic scenario, China's energy security degrees an average of 0.7125, which in the "basic security" state. If proper development planning, and effective measures, by the 2020, 2030, Energy Security degrees maybe to 0.8411,0.8477 into the "safe" range. Case of the international community for the implementation of energy blockade in China, China's energy security may be reduced to 0.5520 "unsafe" level.
Energy Security Assessment: A Review
Authors: Lu Wei Wei , Su Mei Rong
Published: August 2013

Facing with increasingly serious problems such as energy depletion, global warming, world economic depression, and even political fluctuation, energy security gradually became a global concerned issue. Correspondingly, many studies on energy security have been conducted. Focusing on energy security assessment, a review is presented in this paper, covering the definition of energy security, assessment indicators of energy security, and assessment cases at different scales. It is concluded that a systematic model is required to simulate the energy system in a holistic way and to establish more objective and comprehensive indicators of energy security. The review is hopeful to shed light on the development of energy security study in the future.
Mapping the Energy Flows of Coal Utilization in China: The Methodology and Case Studies for the Year 2005 and 2010
Authors: Yu Fei Fei , Ma Lin Wei , Jiang Li Xue , Li Zheng , Ni Wei Dou
Published: August 2013

This manuscript developed two methodologies of mapping energy flows of coal utilization in the form of Sankey diagrams: one was energy allocation diagram without illustrating any energy losses and the other was energy efficiency diagram illustrating main energy losses. Based on the methodologies, energy flow diagrams of China's coal utilization in the year 2005 and 2010 were presented. The two diagrams divided coal utilization into four stages from raw coal supply, by coal products supply and coal conversion, to energy end-use. Comparing with previous studies, some technical details were further introduced into the mapping, including coal preparation and the distribution of end-use energy such as electricity, heat and coke etc. Based on the results, the main characteristics of coal utilization in China and its main changes from 2005 to 2010 were discussed.
The Use of Tailored Micro-Hydro System in Micro-Urban Scale as a Partial Presumption for Creating the Autarchic Micro-Urban Structures
Authors: Tkac Stefan , Vranayova Zuzana
Published: August 2013

High energy import rates (over 90% per year) make both countries (Taiwan R.O.C. and Slovak Republic), viably engaged in research on renewable resources, also green planning policy has been proposed. Population is concentrated in the major cities which are facing energy deficiency issues; the unregulated development of micro-urban areas is underestimated in both cases so are the energy issues bound with them. Centralized energy sources require long distance wires to support remote areas; hydro energy is so far the most common, stable and efficient renewable resource in use. Water turbine’s efficiency has gone up to 96%; a proposed new multi-purpose small hydro type is one of the preliminary small scale systems that could be precisely tailored to micro-urban demands. It could stand by for direct use if needed and also use various types of working mediums (e.g. compressed gas, steam, water).
The Effect of CO2 on Pyrite Transformation
Authors: Lv Wei Zhi , Yu Dun Xi , He Lan Lan , Wu Jian Qun , Xu Ming Hou
Published: August 2013

Pyrite was heat treated on a thermo-gravimetric reactor (TGR) and a drop tube furnace (DTF) in CO2/N2 mixtures with different CO2 concentrations. The effects of CO2 on pyrite transformation were investigated. The reaction products were characterized by XRD and XRF. The results show that, the presence of CO2 can promote pyrite desulfurization and oxidation at 900°C and 1500°C. Pyrite oxidation seems to increase with CO2 concentration. TGR results show that hematite and magnetite are the final iron products at 900°C and higher CO2 concentration. DTF reaction samples generated at 1500°C with the presence of CO2 contain pyrrhotite and magnetite, indicating incompletion of pyrite desulfurization/oxidization due to a short residence time.
Causes Analysis of Wet Flue Gas Desulphurization Stack Rainout for the Thermal Powerplant without GGH and its Countermeasures
Authors: Nie Peng Fei , Zhang Hong Yu , Wang Yang
Published: August 2013

This paper introduces the phenomenon of stack rainout in the wet flue gas desulphurization system for the thermal power plant units without GGH,analyzes the factors affecting rainout of wet stack and finds out the main causes resulting in stack rainout of wet flue gas desulphurization for Wangtan Power Plant without GGH,such as low temperature after the flue gas desulfurizationinsufficient diffusion capability of flue gas flowthe blockage of mist eliminatorpoor operation of electrostatic precipitatorinadequate combustion of boilerhigh speed of flue gas flow in the stackthe effect of climate. Also it is analyzed that the mist eliminator equipment and ensuring the efficient operation of electrostatic precipitator may relieve the phenomenon of stack rainout.
Status Analysis of Energy Consumption, Supply and Conservation in Beijing
Authors: Mao An Jia , Li Han
Published: August 2013

As Beijing is trying to build a global city, its energy security has become very significant. In recent years, Beijing's energy consumption increases steadily. And the government has taken lots of measures to optimize its energy consumption structure, promote utilization of renewable energy and pay attention to energy conservation. By a series of efforts, Beijing has made some achievements in the field of energy.
Calculation and Distributive Characteristics of Solar Radiation in Henan Province
Authors: Zhu Ye Yu , Ji Xing Jie , He Yong Jian , Liu Ya Xing , Luo Xuan
Published: August 2013

Taking factors such as astronomy, atmosphere, microgeography and local landscape that comprehensively affect solar radiation into account, we established a direct solar radiation (DSR) model on the accidented topography. Dynamics of DSR on accidented topography in Henan province were also statistically analyzed. Modeling results showed that highest DSR in Henan occurred between May and July, while lowest DSR occurred between December and February of the next year, and the multi-annual mean DSR in Henan province was 2127.7MJ/ m2. Impacts of local landscape on DSR on accidented topography in Henan province differs in different seasons. In winter half year, during which solar altitude angle is relatively low, this impact is more significant.
Analysis On-Board Charger to the Influence of Power Quality
Authors: Jia Dong Ming , Guo Chun Lin , Fan Yu Bo , Tang Zhe Ci
Published: August 2013

In this paper, one on-board charger in the charging station will be used to test its charging process. We screen the data which has the typical characteristics of power parameters from test data, and compared with the national power quality standards. We can get the following conclusions: (1) The electric car battery is capacitive load, it may transfer the reactive power to grid in the process of charging;(2) The test data imply that frequency deviation, power factor and VTHD e.g. indexes are qualified;(3) On-board charger is mainly produced the odd harmonics in the process of charging, with the increase of harmonic frequency, harmonic contain lower rate;(4) In practice, harmonic mainly reflects on the current, voltage only has a small distortion.
Effect of Excess Air Ratio on Idle Performance of a HCNG (H2+CNG) Engine with Different Hydrogen Blend Ratios
Authors: He Yi Tuan , Qiao Hai Jiang
Published: August 2013

To investigate the idle performance of a HCNG with high hydrogen blend ratios, the effects of different excess air ratios (λ) and different hydrogen blend ratios on combustion, indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) and emissions of a 6-cylinder CNG engine were investigated. The results show that, with the increase of hydrogen blend ratio, rather high ITE can be achieved in a much wider range of λ. Under conditions of λ=1.2~1.4, emissions of CH4, NMHC and CO are relatively low for different hydrogen blend ratios. When the hydrogen blend ratio is greater than 75%, emissions of CH4, HMHC and CO increase only slightly with the increase of λ. NOx emissions increase with the increase of hydrogen blend ratio. And these emissions reach their peaks for different hydrogen blend ratios under the conditions of λ=1.1-1.2.
Effect of Ignition Timing and Excess Air Ratio on Combustion Characteristic of Linear Engine
Authors: Yin Zhao Lei , Wang Zhe , Sun Chen Le , Zhang Tong
Published: August 2013

Based on the linear engine prototype designed by the studying team, the combustion characteristic of the linear engine in certain revolution is investigated experimentally. The effect of ignition timing and excess air ratio on combustion characteristic of the linear engine is studied based on cycle-by-cycle control technique. The result shows that the ignition timing has effect on the combustion characteristic of linear engines in certain revolution. Advancing the ignition timing from 1.0mm BTDC (before the top dead center) to 3.0mm BTDC, the peak cylinder pressure increases, the interval between peak cylinder pressure timing and the top dead center reduces, the IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure) is down, the instantaneous heat release rises and the total heat release decreases. The excess air ratio has apparently effect on combustion characteristic of linear engines in certain revolution. Reducing the excess air ratio from 1.45 to 1.35, the peak cylinder pressure increases, the peak cylinder pressure timing is closer to the top dead center, the instantaneous heat release and the total heat release are larger.
Impact of Peak and Valley Period Partition on Load Curve of Distribution System with EV
Authors: Zhang Zhen Fu , Huang Xiao Qing , Xiao Bo
Published: August 2013

Large-scale adoption of electric vehicles may impose impact on grid. In order to formulate the appropriate scheme of time-of-use (TOU) to lower the adverse effect of charging load on the power grid, it is necessary to analyze the impact of the peak-valley period partition on the load curve of distribution system with electric vehicles. The electric vehicle charging load model considering TOU was built according to the statistics of the driving habits. Several scenarios were set according to different period partitions and the changes of the load at start time of valley period, numerical value and moment of peak load and peak-valley differences were analyzed with the Monte Carlo simulation method under those scenarios. The simulation results show that the farther between the time instant of peak load and start moment of valley period the less impact it has on load curve of distribution system.
The Economic Benefit of Electric Taxi Based on Total Ownership Cost Model
Authors: Wang Ning , Li Yun
Published: August 2013

To analyze the economic benefit of electric taxi in two different models: battery charging model (ETC) and swapping model (ETS), this paper built total ownership cost model based on purchase and used cost, and equaled the total ownership cost of electric and conventional taxi in the nominal lifetime to get the maximum affordable battery charging price and battery swapping price respectively, which is 1.1 RMB yuan/kWh and 0.54 RMB yuan/km. The results show that ETS has economic advantage over ETC. Adjust the charging and swapping price to 0 RMB yuan, the equilibrium year of ETS is only 0.8 years, compared to ETCs 2.8 years.
Design Methods of the Space Photovoltaic Support
Authors: Su Hui , Ma Qing Hua , Tang Xiao Ping , Wang Pan Xiu
Published: August 2013

In the design process of building integration photovoltaic (BIPV), the architectural design, power system design and structure design are very important. Moreover, some kinds of suitable connection are required which should meet the requirements of bearing capacity and deformation. In this paper, the connections between photovoltaic system and buildings were discussed. Then based on the 1MW HIMOER photovoltaic support in Lianyungang technical college, we selected the suitable connection, and designed the space photovoltaic support .This results are useful for the development of the BIPV.
Energy Efficiency Assessment Study of Electric Vehicle Charging Network
Authors: Xue Fei , Zhang Sheng , Fan Yu Bo , Hou Peng Xin , Guo Chun Lin
Published: August 2013

This paper studies energy efficiency of the entire EV charging network.In conjunction with the research, listing first and second level energy efficiency indexs.Determine weight coefficient of the first-level index based on the group-G1 method, with entropy weight method to identify weight coefficient of the second-level index. Finally create the model of energy efficiency assessment of EV charging network with hierarchical synthesis method. Through field measurement and calculation, this model can better impress the energy efficiency level.
Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Li Shan Shan , Wu Zheng Bin , Su Yi Kun , Xi Kui
Published: August 2013

This paper reports the establishment of a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester for electric vehicle (EV) applications. Finite element analysis results, which agree experimental outcome well, have demonstrated that the piezoelectric vibrator can produce 1 V DC electric signal under 2 mm amplitude mechanical vibration at lower frequency. The energy harvester comprising two piezoelectric vibrators connected in series charged a Ni-MH secondary battery from 1.17 V to 1.24 V. It is verified that this piezoelectric energy harvester can be used in EVs and will potentially improve the energy use efficiency and performance of EVs.
Remote Monitoring System Development for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Yin Qian Xi , Fan Lu Yan , Qu Da Wei , Tian Ye
Published: August 2013

Utilizing Socket Send () function to package the required CCP commands.Vehicle information terminal restore the data into CAN frames and achieve the purpose of remote calibration by parsing Socket nested word.Introduced the development of host computer for electric vehicles’ RMON .Including hardware configuration and development of the Information Center,the analysis of calibration database and the design of software for vehicles’ monitoring and calibration.Clarify the calibration process and fault diagnosis technology.
Research of Electric Vehicle Regenerative Braking Control Strategy Based on EHB System
Authors: Zheng Hong Yu , He Rong , Zong Chang Fu
Published: August 2013

In accordance with ECE-R-13 braking regulations limit line, a regenerative braking control strategy is proposed to improve the braking energy recovery. Based on a Electric Vehicle, the braking distribution method makes the front and rear axle braking force arbitrarily distributed which is more effective to improve the rate of energy recovery. Simulation results show that this braking force distribution method focuses on making the braking force distribute to the drive shaft to a maximum extent and can decrease the vehicle fuel consumption.
Analysis Research of Technology Schemes of Reduction NOx Emission in Lean Burn Gasoline Engine
Authors: Yue Dong Peng , Zhang Wen , Li Zhi Jun , Zhang Ying , Liu Lei , Chen Shao Shu , Jiao Peng Hao
Published: August 2013

The lean burn technology has been paid attention recently by more and more people because the economics and emission of the gasoline engine can been improved extensively by lean burn technology. However, the reduction of NOx emission is quite small because of the rich oxygen. The different combination schemes of NOx adsorber and Three Way Catalyst were adopted in this paper and experiments of reduction NOx emission have been studied in an modified EFI 16 valves lean burn gasoline engine . The experiment results show that the scheme of the position of Three Way Catalyst is before the NOx adsorber Catalyst was the best scheme of reduction NOx emission in lean burn gasoline engine.
Photovoltaic Electric Vehicle Charging System with the Function of Active Power Filter
Authors: Liu Quan , Xiao Xiang Ning , Chen Zheng
Published: August 2013

According to power capacity shortage and harmonic pollution caused by the development of electric vehicles (EV), a photovoltaic (PV) charging system with the function of active power filter (APF) is designed. The system could provide charging power and harmonic compensation for electric vehicle charging machines at the same time. When sunlight is insufficient the PV charging system could continue to work in APF mode. In this paper, detailed analyses of system structure and control algorithms are given. Finally, the proposed system is simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC, and the simulation results validate the correctness and feasibility.
Effect of Solvent Annealing for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Seo Min Ho , Kim Kyu Jin , Han Bao Yin , Anand Gopalan Sai , Kim Su Hwan , Lee Sang Won , Kang Shin Won
Published: August 2013

In this paper, we investigate an active layer treatment method that is referred to as solvent annealing. Organic solar cell was fabricated and an isopropanol (IPA) solvent annealing process was carried out. The experiment result should that the value of absorbance and the crystallinity is improved by isopropanol solvent annealing of active layer. Moreover, the current density, series resistance and the efficiency improved, leading to enhanced efficiency of 3.22%, whereas a pristine sample showed an efficiency of 3.04%
The Simulation Analysis of Tunnel Wind Cooling System in Shenyang Area
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ming , Gao Yang , Zhang Xiao
Published: August 2013

Applied FLUENT simulation software to research the influence of tunnel length, tunnel entrance velocity, tunnel equivalent diameter and tunnel buried depth four important factors on the tunnel wind cooling system in Shenyang area. The results show that, with the increase of tunnel length and tunnel buried depth and with the decrease of tunnel entrance velocity and tunnel equivalent diameter, the outdoor air which passed into the tunnel cooling amplitude increases. For the tunnel wind cooling system optimization design in Shenyang area and the surrounding areas, the advices are that tunnel buried depth should not be more than 6m and tunnel entrance velocity should not be more than 5m/s.
A Case Study of Retaining Wall Using Pre-Stressed High-Strength Concrete (PHC) Pile for Deep Excavation Work
Authors: Kim Gwang Hee , Joh Hyun Woo , Shin Yoon Seok
Published: August 2013

With increasing land prices and a lack of space in urban areas in the Republic of Korea, urban construction sites require deeper and larger excavations. For this reason, the selection of an adequate retaining wall system is becoming more important than any other aspect of excavation work. Cast-in Place pile (CIP) method, one of construction methods for retaining walls, is generally selected in excavation work for urban projects. CIP has some disadvantages such as additional waterproof work and environmental. The Pre-stressed High-strength Concrete (PHC) pile method is a solution that attempts to resolve these disadvantages of the CIP method. This study aims to compare the CIP and the PHC method in terms of cost and time. It was found that applying the PHC pile method could reduce cost and time compared to CIP by case study.
Based on MIDAS/CIVIL the Anchorage of Mass Concrete Temperature Field and Stress Field Simulation Analysis
Authors: Zhou Ming Ru , Shen Qiong Fei , Zhang Zhao Ning , Li Hong Sheng , Guo Zhong Yu , Li Zheng Bo
Published: August 2013

Based on the foundation of heat conduction equation, this paper analyses the Yellow River bridge liujiaxia anchorage of mass concrete temperature field and stress field in the natural cooling and stratified pouring time interval for 7 days to circumstances with the MIDAS/CIVIL finite element software. The results show that the interval 7 days stratified pouring and natural cooling method, can't meet the requirements of concrete anti-crack.
Dynamic Responses of Red Sandstone with Fluid-Solid Coupling under Impact Loading
Authors: Lu Hua , Huang Bo , Zhao Hua Shuai , Meng Meng , Liang Ming
Published: August 2013

The research object presented in this paper is coupling effect of porous red sandstone which is more frequently encountered. And this paper use the test system of Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) to survey the impact test action of different porosity red sandstone in different coupling medium in order to obtained the dynamic waveform of fluid-solid coupling red sandstone under impact loading using theoretical analysis and laboratory data. The paper analyzes the impact of porosity, coupling medium on the dynamics characteristics of red sandstone. Based on the experiment study of different coupling medium red sandstone under cyclic impact loading, this paper discussed the dynamic characteristics law of porous sandstone under cyclic impact loading and analyzed theoretically the mechanism of coupling medium under cyclic loading. Porosity has a great influence on dynamic performance of red sandstone. Coupling medium has certain influence on the dynamic characteristics of red sandstone. All those conclusions laid a theoretical foundation for practical application.
Effects of Progressive SiNx Films on the Performance of Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Peng , Gou Xian Fang , Fan Wei Tao , Sun Chen Cai
Published: August 2013

In order to improving the conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon solar cells, progressive SiNx thin films were deposited on the surface via Roth&Rau plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. The effects of progressive SiNx thin films, such as surface passivation, anti-reflection, and electrical performance were systematically investigated. Compared with monolayer films, progressive SiNx thin films have better anti-reflective properties in the wavelength range of 300-500 nm, resulting in improvement of the short wavelength absorption of the crystalline silicon solar cells. Moreover, the bottom of progressive SiNx thin films with high refractive index enhances the surface passivation. Thus, higher open-circuit voltage and fill factor could be obtained by this technique.
Material Properties of Bridge Deck Dedicated Interface Agent and Key Construction Techniques
Authors: Liu Ying , Peng Peng
Published: August 2013

This paper describes a cement concrete bridge deck dedicated interface agent,which can effectively resolve the debonding problem between cement concrete bridge deck pavement and beam body. Then, it focuses on experimental investigation on new and old concrete bonding shear performance, and verification of bonding properties of interface agent. Finally,it puts forward specific requirements and cautions for the construction of interface agent,especially emphasizing that cleaning treatment shall be conducted on beam top and restore its surface structure before spraying interface agent for better bonding with pavement. Keywords: Cement Concrete Bridge Deck; Interface Bond; Interface Agent; Shear Test; Construction Technique
Performance of Hemp-Starch Concrete Composite
Authors: Li Alex , Gacoin Alexandre , Mai Ton Hoang
Published: August 2013

This paper presents a possibility of making up a vegetable concrete by using starch and hemp shives. The results obtained by test show that this type of environmental material has a lower density, a lower thermal conductivity, and better acoustic properties. The mechanical performance of the starch-hemp concrete depends on the material density, binder/hemp shive ratio and mix composition. The advantageous of thermal and acoustic properties of the material make it good future in the building construction.
Study on the Green Earthen Buildings
Authors: Liu Xin Xiong , Xu Jie , Wang Hao
Published: August 2013

This paper based on the green buildings, elaborate the impact on people and environment, as well as the form in ancient times .Present the prospects of the development of green buildings in the modern social environment .List earthen buildings form in different areas and advocate people refocus on earthen architecture.
Acid Attack on Cement Paste Containing Limestone Powder
Authors: Liu Shu Hua , Wang Zhi Gang , Kong Ya Ning , Li Li Hua , Rao Mei Juan
Published: August 2013

A comparative study has been performed on the acid resistance of cement paste exposed to acetic acid (pH=4) and sulfuric acid (pH=2). The pastes are prepared by replacing 30% and 50% cement with limestone powder. Their properties and microstructures are investigated by using strength test, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The paper reveals that erosion extent of pastes depends mainly not only on the pH value of acid solution and the w/b ratio of pastes, but also on the limestone powder mixed that contributes partly to the hydration. Though gypsum and ettringite formations are dominant to the deterioration of pastes exposed to sulfuric acid solution, the degree of decrease for the compressive strength of specimens exposed to sulfuric acid is retarded compared with the specimens exposed to acetic acid. This is attributed to the product of gypsum, which delays the further erosion to the internal paste.
A Brief Review of the Relationship between Energy-Saving Buildings and Total Cost Management
Authors: Ding Yu Xian , Ma Ning Bo , Ding Yu Xin
Published: August 2013

Although energy saving building acts as an important part of sustainable development, our national building still consumes vast amounts of energy which tends to remain high. This absolutely goes against sustainable development. How to build an energy-saving building to achieve the harmonious development of our economy, society, environment and energy lies in the introduction of total cost management into construction project. This paper focuses on the discussion of the analysis on the relationship between energy-saving buildings and total cost management.
A Study on the Energy Conservation Policy of South Korean Universities
Authors: Park Jong Cheon , Lee Kang Guk , Shim In Cheol , Hong Won Hwa
Published: August 2013

This researcher conducted a study on the energy conservation policy of South Korean universities by identifying their energy consumption characteristics and potential factors for energy conservation. Conclusions of this research are: (1) electricity usage of those universities surveyed for this research shows that it is high during the winter season (December through February); (2) volume of gas usage was highest during the winter season (December through February); (3) the university surveyed for this research shows that it was able to achieve substantial results by reducing energy consumption and implementing conservation policy.
A Study on Building Energy Efficiency and Green Building
Authors: Wang Li
Published: August 2013

Resource shortage and people’s concern about the problems in eco-environment deterioration will have a great influence on building energy efficiency. Building energy efficiency is base for achieving green reduction and energy conservation is the key point to green building design. This paper starts with green building concept and evaluation, studies the important role of science and technology in the development of green building and analyzes building energy conservation from three aspects: green materials, energy-saving measures and building practices. The paper aims to promote the development of China's green building in the new era.