bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Metal Species as Early Control Point for Ni-catalyzed Stereodivergent Semihydrogenation of Alkynes with Water
Authors: Wu Yuanqi , Ao Yuhui , Liu Chunhui , Zhao Jinbo , Gao Wenyu , Li Xuemeng , Wang Hui , Liu Yongsheng , Liu Yu
Published: May 2021

A base-assisted metal species modulation mechanism enables Ni-catalyzed stereodivergent semihydrogenation of alkynes with water, delivering both olefinic isomers smoothly using cheap and nontoxic catalysts and additives. Different from most precedents, in which E-alkenes derive from the isomerization of Z-alkene products, the isomers were formed in orthogonal catalytic pathways. Mechanistic studies suggest base as a key early element in modulation of the reaction pathways: by adding different bases, nickel species with disparate valence states could be accessed to initiate two catalytic cycles toward different stereoisomers. The practicability of the method was showcased with nearly 70 examples, including internal and terminal triple bonds, enynes and diynes, affording semi-hydrogenated products in high yields and selectivity.
Cellulosic Fiber: Mechanical Fibrillation-Morphology-Rheology Relationships
Authors: Yuan Tianzhong , Zeng Jinsong , Wang Bin , Cheng Zheng , Chen Kefu
Published: May 2021

This study aims to investigate the relationship between mechanical fibrillation, morphological properties, and rheological behavior of cellulosic fiber. Three types of cellulosic fibers were obtained by adjusting mechanical fibrillation, namely squashed cellulose, incompletely nanofibrillated cellulose, and completely nanofibrillated cellulose, respectively. The squashed cellulose with large size and small aspect ratio had low entanglement capacity, thus forming a weak fiber network. The corresponding suspension exhibited low viscosity, weak elastic behavior, small yield stress, and low dynamic stability. An obviously increasing aspect ratio and entanglement capacity were observed with increasing mechanical fibrillation, resulting in entangled fiber network structure. Hence, the cellulosic fiber suspension obtained by more mechanical fibrillation exhibited higher viscosity, stronger gel-like behavior, and bigger yield stress. Moreover, the extremely entangled fiber network structure has better anti-deformation capacity and recovery capacity. We revealed the fundamental insights into the relationship between morphologies and rheological properties of cellulosic fiber, paving the way for designing cellulose-based materials.
Behavioral, Neuroplasticity and Metabolic Effects of 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin Associated With Physical Activity in Mice
Authors: Lopes Priscilla Karla Fernandes , Engel Daiane , Martins Moises Silvestre de Azevedo , Bertolini Natalia Oliveira , Pereira Chrystian Araujo , Velloso Licio Augusto , Thomasi Sergio Scherer , de Moura Rodrigo Ferreira
Published: May 2021

The search for strategies to develop resilience against metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders has motivated the clinical and experimental assessment of early life interventions such as lifestyle-based and use of unconventional pharmacological compounds. In this study, we assessed the effects of voluntary physical activity and 7,8-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (DHMC), independently or in combination, over mice physiological and behavioral parameters, adult hippocampal and hypothalamic neurogenesis, and neurotrophic factors expression in the hypothalamus. C57Bl/6J mice were submitted to a 29-day treatment with DHMC and allowed free access to a running wheel. We found that DHMC treatment reduced fasting blood glucose levels. Moreover, physical activity showed anxiolytic effect in the elevated plus maze task and DHMC produced additional anxiolytic behavior, evidenced by reduced activity during the light cycle in the physical activity group. Although we did not find any differences in hypothalamic or hippocampal adult neurogenesis, DHMC increased gene expression of VEGF, which was correlated to the reduced fasting glucose levels. In conclusion, our data emphasize the potential of physical activity in reducing development of neuropsychiatric conditions, such as anxiety, and highlights DHMC as an attractive compound to be investigated in future studies addressing neuropsychiatric disorders associated with metabolic conditions.
Image Alignment Using 2D Interpolation in the Frequency Domain for Class Averaging in Single-particle Cryo-EM
Authors: Wang Xiangwen , Lu Yonggang , Liu Jiaxuan
Published: May 2021

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction in single-particle cryo-electron microscopy is a significant technique for recovering the 3D structure of proteins or other biological macromolecules from their two-dimensional (2D) noisy projection images taken from unknown random directions. Class averaging in single-particle cryo-electron microscopy is an important procedure for producing high-quality initial 3D models due to the existence of a high level of noise in the projection images. Image alignment is a fundamental step in the class averaging. Results: In this paper, an efficient image alignment algorithm using 2D interpolation in the frequency domain of images is proposed to improve the estimation accuracy of alignment parameters. The proposed algorithm firstly uses the Fourier transform of two projection images to calculate a discrete cross-correlation matrix and then performs the 2D interpolation around the maximum value in the cross-correlation matrix. The alignment parameters of rotation angles and translational shifts in the x-axis and y-axis directions between the two projection images are directly determined according to the position of the maximum value in the cross-correlation matrix after interpolation. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm and the K-medoids clustering algorithm are used to compute class averages for single-particle 3D reconstruction. Conclusions: Results on simulated data set show that the proposed algorithm can be used to compute the alignment parameters efficiently, and using the 2D interpolation can improve the estimation accuracy of the alignment parameters, which usually leads to a better 3D reconstruction result.
Micro-Injury Induces Hair Regeneration and Vitiligo Repigmentation Through Wnt/ β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Han Xiaofeng , Chang Li , Lin Mao , Qi Dongwei , Wang Yuyi , Liu Deming , Xu Wei , Zhong Julia Li , Diao Qingchun
Published: May 2021

Background: Extrinsic injury can evoke intrinsic stimulation subquently initiate physiological repair process. Several kinds of injury have been studied to promote hair growth and skin pigmentation. In this study, we ask if proper injury could be employed to create local stimuli subsquently to induce hair regeneration and vitiligo repigmentation.Methods: We firstly manufactured a novel designed device to precisely control all micro-injury parameters. Then the most appropriate micro-injury extent was evaluated without over-damage to skin. The effects of micro-injury on hair regeneration and vitiligo repigmentation were examined by macroscopical observation, histological staining, gene and protein expression analysis.Results: We discover that proper micro-injury effectively induces hair regeneration by activating the hair follicle stem cell proliferation and migration downwards to hair matrix, finally shifting the hair follicle stage from telogen into anagen. On vitiligo model mice, micro-injury also induces the hair follicle melanocyte stem cell migrate upwards to interfollicular epidermis, activate and give rise to melanocytes to repopulate vitiligo lesion. Mechanism analysis indicates that the canonical Wnt/b-catenin pathway plays a key role in the micro-injury induced regeneration process. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that micro-injury has great potential in inducing hair regeneration and vitiligo repigmentation, laid a foundation to develop micro-injury based treatment method in alopecia and vitiligo.
A Rapid and Consistent Method to Identify SARS-CoV-2 Variants by RT-PCR
Authors: Fabiani Marco , Margiotti Katia , Sabatino Manuela , Viola Antonella , Mesoraca Alvaro , Giorlandino Claudio
Published: May 2021

Background: Since 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic spread worldwide causing health, economic, and social distresses. Containment strategy relay on rapid and consistent methodology for molecular detection and characterization. The emerging variants of concern (VOCs) are currently associated with increased infectivity, and immune escape (natural defense mechanisms as well as a vaccine). Several VOCs has been detected and include lineage B.1.1.7 first identified in the UK, linage B.1.351 in South Africa, and lineage P.1 (B.1.1.28.1) in Brazil. Here we validated a rapid and low-cost technique to distinguish B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and P.1 SARS-CoV-2 variants by detecting Spike gene mutations using RT-PCR methodology. Results: We recruited 77 positive patients affected by Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19). Specific Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed targeting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to screen Spike protein mutations. All data were validated by next generation sequencing (NGS) methodology and using sequence from a public database.Among 77 COVID-19 positive samples we could discriminate with 100% of concordance all the investigated SARS-CoV-2 variants when comparing with NGS method.Conclusions: PCR-based assays for identification of circulating VOCs of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in a rapid method to identify the specific SARS-CoV-2 variants allowing a better survey of the spread of the virus and its transmissibility in the pandemic phase.
Protective effect of natural antioxidant Opuntia ficus-indica on ram semen quality stored at 5 °C for 72
Authors: ALLAI Larbi , Druart Xavier , Terzioğlue Pinar , Louanjli Noureddine , Nasser Boubker , Ozturk mehmet , AMIRI BOUCHRA EL
Published: May 2021

Background

Recently, researchers have focused on the use of natural antioxidants to improve semen quality as a key element for successful artificial insemination. In this context the first aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity and composition (minerals, vitamins, and sugars) of Opuntia ficus-indica cladode ethanolic extract (ETHEX). A further purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of ETHEX supplementation on the quality of liquid ram semen extended with skim milk (SM) at 5°C. The antioxidant activity of ETHEX was studied using DPPH• assay. The mineral composition and the sugar and vitamin contents of ETHEX were determined using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and HPLC-DAD-RID analytical instruments. As a second part, semen was collected from five Boujaâd rams with an artificial vagina. The ejaculates with more than 70 % motility were pooled, extended with skim milk (SM) extender without (control) or supplemented with 1–8 % of ETHEX (37°C; 0.8 × 109 sperm/mL). Sperm quality parameters were assessed at 8, 24, 48 and 72 h.
Results

The results showed that ETHEX had a higher antioxidant activity compared to those of ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Furthermore, ETHEX contains a considerable amount of minerals, vitamins, and sugars. The inclusion of 1 or 2 % ETHEX in SM increased the sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity and decreased the abnormality, spontaneous and catalyzed lipids peroxidation (P < 0.05) up to 72 h. In addition, semen diluted with 1 and 2 % ETHEX decreased the level of DNA fragmentation compared to the control group (P < 0.05).
Conclusions

In conclusion the ETHEX could be recommended to improve the quality of liquid ram spermatozoa. However, its effects on sperm physiology and artificial insemination should be further studied.
Factors Associated with Parents’ Postnatal Sense of Security in China: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tu Aiqing , Zeng Tieying , Yuan Mengmei , Zhang Ke , Chen Ye , Wang Xuejun , Huang Deqin
Published: May 2021

Background: Parents’ postnatal sense of security is very important to the postnatal experience, and has a positive effect on parental role adaptation, the mental health of parents, marital relationship, and the parent-child relationship. This cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the status quo of Chinese parents’ postnatal sense of security within one week after delivery, and identify their related factors. Methods: Participants were recruited through the convenience samples methods in three grade-A tertiary hospitals in China. The Parents’ Postnatal Sense of Security (PPSS), the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Study-New Mother Form (RHDS-NMF) (for mothers), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Zung’s Self-Rating Anxiety (SAS) were administered between October 2020 and January 2021. Descriptive analysis was used to understand the status quo of parents' postnatal sense of security, one-way ANOVA or independent sample t-tests and enter-method multiple linear regression analysis were used to identify the influence factors, Pearson correlation were used to examine the correlation between the total scores of parents’ postnatal sense of security. Results: A total of 204 pairs of parents were recruited into this study. The mean total score on the mothers’ version of PPSS was 59.67 (SD = 7.95) and fathers’ version of PPSS was 42.91(SD = 5.18), Multiple linear regression analysis showed that factors of mothers’ postnatal sense of security included the relations with husband's parents, length of stay in hospital after delivery, knowledge from health care workers and the Internet, depression, discharge readiness, fathers’ postnatal sense of security, explained 73.3% of the variance (R2 = 0.733, F = 17.125, p < 0.001). Fathers’ postnatal sense of security was significantly associated with parenting confidence, knowledge from health care workers, depression, anxiety, and mothers’ postnatal sense of security, explained 62.7% of the variance (R2 = 0.627, F = 21.092, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The level of parents’ postnatal sense of security was upper-middle among Chinese parents. The study identified factors associated with parents’ postnatal sense of security that could be targeted for intervention to facilitate parents’ postnatal sense of security.
Global microRNA Expression Profiling of Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) Embryos at Different Developmental Stages Produced by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer and in Vitro Fertilization Using Rna Sequencing
Authors: Goel Pallavi , Malpotra Shivani , Shyam Songyukta , Kumar Deepak , Singh Manoj Kumar , Palta Prabhat
Published: May 2021

Despite the success of cloning technology in production of offspring across several species, its application on a wide scale is severely limited by the very low offspring rate obtained with cloned embryos. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) expression profile in cloned embryos throughout the embryonic development are reported to deviate from regular pattern. In present study, aimed at determining the dynamics of global expression of miRNA profile in cloned and IVF pre-implantation embryos at different developmental stages i.e 2-cell, 8-cell and blastocyst using next-generation sequencing. The results of this study suggested that there is a profound difference in the global miRNA profile between cloned and IVF embryos. These differences are manifested throughout the course of embryonic development. The cloned embryos differ from their IVF counterparts in the enriched GO terms of Biological Process, Molecular Function, Cellular Component and Protein Class categories in terms of the targets of differentially expressed miRNAs. The major pathways related to embryonic development such as Wnt signaling pathway, apoptosis signaling pathway, FGF signaling pathway, p53 pathway etc. were found to be affected in cloned relative to IVF embryos.
Microbial Community Structure Drives Predatory Myxobacteria Distribution Under Different Compost Manures
Authors: Dai Wei , Wang Ning , Wang Wenhui , Ye Xianfeng , Cui Zhongli , Wang Jieling , Yao Dandan , Wang Hui
Published: May 2021

Myxobacteria are unique predatory microorganisms with a distinct social lifestyle. The associated taxa play key roles in the microbial food webs in different ecosystems and regulate the community structures of soil microbial communities. Compared with conditions under conventional management, under organic conditions, myxobacteria abundance increases in the soil, which could be related to the presence of abundant myxobacteria in the applied compost manure. In the present study, high-throughput sequencing technologies were used to investigate the distribution patterns and drivers of predatory myxobacteria community distribution patterns in four common compost manures. According to the results, there was a significant difference in predatory myxobacteria community structure among different compost manure treatments (P < 0.05). The alpha-diversity indices of myxobacteria community under swine manure compost were the lowest (Observed OTU richness = 13.25, Chao1 = 14.83, Shannon = 0.61), and those under wormcast were the highest (Observed OTU richness = 30.25, Chao1 = 31.65, Shannon = 2.62). Bacterial community diversity and Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentrations were the major factors influencing myxobacteria distribution patterns under different compost manure treatments. In addition, pH, total nitrogen, and organic carbon influenced myxobacteria distribution in compost manure. The predator–prey relationship between prey bacteria and myxobacteria and the interaction between myxobacteria and specific bacterial taxa (Micrococcales) in compost manure could explain the influence of bacteria on myxobacteria community structure. Further investigations on the in-situ distribution patterns of predatory myxobacteria and the key bacteria influencing their distribution are would advance our understanding of the ecological distribution patterns and functions of predatory microorganisms in the microbial world.
Activated Pancreatic Stellate Cells Enhance the Warburg Effect to Cause the Malignant Development in Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Ye Tao , Feng Shao , Zheng Liu , Ming Cai , Futao Meng , Qiang Huang
Published: May 2021

Background: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a precancerous condition associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but its evolutionary mechanism is unclear. pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are closely related to the occurrence and development of CP and PDAC. We aimed to find out whether PSCs play a key role in this " inflammationcancer transition ". Methods: To evaluate the effect of activated pancreatic stellate cells on normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells and pancreatic cancer cells, pancreatic stellate cells isolated from human tissues were co-cultured with these two cells, respectively. Functional assays assessed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of these two cells. RT-qPCR and western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of glycolytic enzymes in these two cells. Lactate production and glucose utilization assays assessed the aerobic glycolysis level of these two cells. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of glycolytic enzymes and α-SMA, and the correlation between the two was analyzed in human tissues. Results: Our research found that co-culture with activated PSCs promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells and pancreatic cancer cells. At the same time, activated PSCs had a significant effect on the expression of the glycolytic enzymes PKM2 and LDHA in normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells and pancreatic cancer cells and increased lactic acid production and glucose consumption in these two cells. In vivo experiments showed that the expression of the glycolytic enzymes PKM2 and LDHA in pancreatic duct epithelial cells and the marker protein (α-SMA) of activated PSCs in the pancreatic duct peripancreatic interstitium were higher in pancreatic cancer tissues and chronic pancreatitis tissues than in normal pancreatic tissues in both animals and humans. In addition, analysis of human tissue specimens showed that there is a correlation between the expression of PKM2/LDHA and α-SMA. Conclusion: These findings indicate that activated PSCs play an important role in the development and progression of chronic pancreatitis into pancreatic cancer by regulating and promoting aerobic glycolysis. Our research provides a new theoretical basis for further understanding the mechanism of CP malignancy and the selection of targets for reversing CP malignancy.
Hematological profile of children under five years with typhoid fever at Idaman Banjarbaru Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Ringoringo Harapan Parlindungan , Wahyuni Indah Indriyah , Panghiyangani Roselina , Hartoyo Edi , Lao Rahmiati
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, B, C. An estimated 200,000 people die each year from about 21.6 million people infected with typhoid fever. This study aims to determine the hematological profile in typhoid fever cases in children under five at Idaman Banjarbaru Hospital. Methods: The research was carried out with a retrospective descriptive approach with a consecutive sampling technique. The research subjects were children under five diagnosed with typhoid fever recorded in the RSD Idaman Banjarbaru’s medical records for July 2018 to January 2019. Results: The sample consisted of 58 patients, 32 boys, and 26 girls. Most patients were found in 12 - <36 months, namely 28 (48.28%) children. Thirty-eight (65.52%) children have a normal weight. The hematological profile showed that 46.55% of the patients had iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Hematocrit levels decreased in 51.72% of patients. Erythrocyte levels in 86.21% of patients were normal. Low MCV, low MCH, IDA ​​were found in 46.55%, 36.21%, 46.55% of patients. Leukopenia was present in 17.24% of children. All patients had normal basophil values. Eosinopenia, band neutropenia, segmented neutropenia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis were found in 69.09%, 90.90%, 56.37%, 58.18%, 58.18% of children, respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that 46.55% of children under five with typhoid fever suffer from IDA. In addition, Eosinopenia and band neutropenia were found in 69.09%, 90.90% of children, respectively.
Multiple Control Assistive Wheelchair for Lower Limb Disabilities & Elderly People
Authors: Chatterjee Sudipta , Roy Sahadev
Published: May 2021

This article presents a multiple control wheelchair to help individuals with lower-limb disabilities using advanced assistive technologies. A new control methodology of a multiple-controlled wheelchair (MCW) has been given here. The main feature of this assistive device is that it can navigate by following the user's eyesight. The proposed MCW can also be controlled using either joystick or the internet or a combination of all. This system uses multiple sensor networks to measure the terrain condition; users command and translate it into control action. The proposed control system runs on a Raspberry Pi, which can take an accurate turn and capable of controlling forward or backward motion. Raspberry Pi, camera module and sensors networks, etc., were all connected to the android mobile system, shortening the physical distance between the disabled person end and the supervisor end, and serial communication is used. Multiple-Layer system architecture with special control functions is built that uses android mobile interfacing to realize the automatic control and capture videos of the surrounding environment remotely. It is shown that the users can carry out all essential tasks with more control actions which improve the quality of traditional wheelchair.
Unravelling the Enigma of Hand Sanitizer In COVID-19 – A Bibliometric Analysis of Related Publications Over the Year
Authors: Samuel Elvis , Babu Almi , Arjunan Shanamitha , Mahanty Biswanath
Published: May 2021

Alcohol-based sand sanitizers (ABHSs) are effective in controlling the spread of COVID-19 and has been integrated to our daily life since the onset of the outbreak. However, the sudden and unprecedented global induction of ABHSs has not been smooth, as conflicting reports continued to pour into the public domain, not all for good reason. This review, therefore, attempts to identify the emerging aspects of ABHSs in the era of COVID-19. Articles indexed in Scopus and PubMed on “hand sanitizer” published between January 2020 and February 2021, were screened based on PRISMA guidelines, and classified into different thematic groups. Selected articles on hand sanitizers (101) primarily echo “health hazard” (40, 39.6%) associated with accidental/intentional exposure, methanol toxicity, or occupational irritant contact dermatitis. Articles on “formulations” (23, 22.8%) and “efficacy” (18, 17.8%) mainly refer to alcoholic preparations, though a small subset of formulations has been actually been tested against SARS-Cov-2. Articles on semi-alcoholic, non-alcoholic, or even ayurvedic preparations have been implicated without a standardized efficacy report. Quality concern (12, 11.9%), and shortage (8, 7.9%) have also been reflected in publications during the pandemic. However, this representation is somewhat overinflated given that 28% of total articles are of review, editorial, letters, and not actual case studies. Many potential studies designed in the pandemic might not have reached to publication stage. However, the implication from existing studies on the use of ABHSs can still be useful to build better public awareness, and prioritize interventional strategies among stakeholders.
A Novel Immune Checkpoint-Related Gene Signature to Predict Overall Survival and Immunotherapy Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Jingyi , Tian Siyuan , Ling Yuwei , Zhang Xinyi , Li Yan , Su Ning , Shi Mei
Published: May 2021

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks effective therapeutic targets. Immunotherapy is considered as a novel treatment strategy for TNBC. However, only some patients could benefit from the treatment. Limited studies have comprehensively explored expression patterns and prognostic value of immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) in TNBC. In this study, we downloaded relevant ICGs expression profiles and clinical TNBC data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) database. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis was employed to develop a multi-gene signature for predicting the prognostic outcome. PDCD1, PDCD1LG2 and KIR3DL2 were identified as hub genes and incorporated into the model. This gene signature could stratify patients into two prognostic subgroups, and unfavorable clinical outcomes were observed in high-risk patients. The predictive performance was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic curves. Moreover, we also analyzed differences in immune status and therapeutic response between both groups. This novel gene signature may be served as a robust prognostic marker, but also an indicator reflecting immunotherapy response.
Barriers to Pap Smear Screening Among Medical Students: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Al-Naggar Redhwan Ahmed , Al-shaikhli Hisham , Murtagh Sharon , Al-Maktari Lutfi , Saleh Bahaa
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the Pap smear screening barriers among medical students.MethodologyThis study was a qualitative study conducted among forty-one medical students. Ten female and 31 male. Four focus group discussions were included in this study. The focus groups consisted of one female group and three male groups. The obtained data were sorted into categories based on content analysis and data were analyzed manually.ResultsA total of 41 medical students participated in this qualitative study. Most of the study participants were male and 22 years of age. All groups reported that the lack of awareness is the main barrier to Pap smear screening. The conservative culture and the traditions of the people, shame of doing a pap test despite the gender of healthcare workers, and not trusting the healthcare workers were some of the other key barriers to Pap smear screening among the groups. It was also reported that the man has the final decision as to whether his wife will get a Pap smear screening. Finally, fear of the disease and/or fear of the complications of the test were also considered barriers to Pap smear testing. All groups were willing to suggest this test to their families and friends to prevent and treat the disease as early as possible. All groups agreed that the gender of the healthcare worker matters and definitely will affect a woman's decision whether to do the Pap smear screening or not. All girls preferred to be examined by a female. All the groups mentioned that the advantage of Pap smear screening is to diagnose and treat the disease early. All groups thought that personal hygiene of the private parts is the most important prevention method for cervical cancer.ConclusionsLack of awareness is the main barrier to Pap smear screening. The gender of the healthcare worker also greatly affects women's decision to have a Pap smear test. Therefore, raising awareness about the importance of early detection of cervical cancer among the general population is urgently needed, considering the culture and the tradition of the people. Introducing the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is highly recommended.
The pooled effect of Factors Contributing to Occupational Injury among Workers in the Construction, Manufacturing, and Mining Industries in Africa: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Debela Mitiku Bonsa , Azage Muluken , Begosaw Achenef Motbainor
Published: May 2021

Working in the industry is commonly associated with a combination of personal and environmental health and safety risks. However, the finding from African countries on the factors contributing to occupational injury is inconsistent and not inclusive. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis were estimated the pooled effect of factors leading to occupational injury among workers in the industries in Africa.Published articles found in Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched. Observational studies revealing the factors leading to occupational injury among workers in the industry in Africa were incorporated. The pooled effect size of the studies was computed using STATA version 14 statistical software. The heterogeneity of the study was assessed using Cochrane Q test statistics, the I-squared values test, and the Galbraith plot. Considering within and between studies variability, the random-effect model was used to determine the pooled effect size. Funnel plot and egger's tests were conducted to evaluate publication bias.Out of 603 accessed studies, 20 studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included to estimate the pooled effect of factors contributing to occupational injury. Accordingly, being temporary employment workers (pooled odds ratio= 2.13 (1.06, 3.21)), not receiving ongoing health and safety training (pooled odds ratio= 1.98 (1.21, 2.76), and the proper and consistent use of personal protective equipment (pooled odds ratio= 0.60 (0.32, 0.88) were factors significantly associated with the odds of experiencing an occupational injury. Being temporary employment workers and not receiving ongoing health and safety training elevates the odds of sustaining occupational injuries. But, the proper and consistent use of personal protective equipment reduces the odds of experiencing an occupational injury. Hence, the government, industrial managers and industrial hygienists, and other stakeholders should implement rigorous law enforcement to ensure compliance, proper implementation of health and safety measures practices, and safety audits.
Predictors of wealth-related inequality in institutional delivery: a decomposition analysis using Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019
Authors: Bhusal Umesh Prasad
Published: May 2021

Background
Inequality in maternal healthcare use is a major concern for low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Maternal health indicators at the national level have markedly improved in the last couple of decades in Nepal. However, the progress is not uniform across different population sub-groups. This study aims to identify the determinants of institutional delivery, measure the wealth-related inequality, and examine the key components that explain the inequality.
Methods
Most recent nationally representative Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019 was used to extract data about married women (15–49 years) with a live birth within two years preceding the survey. Logistic regression models were employed to assess the association of independent variables with the institutional delivery. The concentration curves (CC) and concentration indexe (CIX) were used to analyze the inequality in institutional delivery. Wealth index scores were used as a socio-economic variable to rank households. Decomposition was performed to identify the determinants that explain socio-economic inequality.
Results
The socio-economic status of households to which women belong was a significant predictor of institutional delivery, along with age, parity, four or more ANC visits, education status of women, area of residence, sex of household head, religious belief, and province. The concentration curve was below the line of equality and the relative concentration index (CIX) was 0.097 (p < 0.001), meaning the institutional delivery was disproportionately higher among women from wealthy groups. The decomposition analysis showed the following variables as the most significant contributor to the inequality: wealth status of women (53.2%), education of women (17 %), residence (8.64 %) and ANC visit (6.84 %).
Conclusions
The pro-poor strategies are urgent to reduce the existing inequality between wealthy and poorer women. The strategies should focus on raising the education level of women especially from the rural and relatively backward province (Province 2). Increasing antenatal care (ANC) coverage through out-reach campaigns is likely to increase facility-based delivery and decrease inequality. Monitoring of healthcare indicators at different sub-population level (for example wealth, residence, province) is key to ensure equitable improvement in health status and achieve universal health coverage (UHC).
Structural Analysis of Sol-Gel Derived TiO2 Nanoparticles: A Critical Impact of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Thermo-Mechanical Mechanism of Glass Fiber Polymer Composites
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Saha Abir , Kumar Santosh
Published: May 2021

The incorporated of inorganic nanoparticles with thermosetting epoxy polymer are an emerging field of research over past few years. It is well analyzed that epoxy matrix are brittle in nature that shows poor crack initiation and propagation and results poor thermo-mechanical properties. Therefore, researchers are showing their interest towards nanoparticles embedded epoxy composites to improve their fracture resistance (brittleness and toughness). In this investigation, the dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles at different weight fraction (0-2%) with glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites is performed to enhance structural and thermo-mechanical properties. The TiO2 nanoparticles are prepared by sol-gel method and structural analysis of TiO2 nanoparticles shows greater interfacial bond with epoxy matrix and glass fibers due to fine dispersion of nanoparticles. From obtained results, a significant enhancement in their tensile strength (38.56%), flexural strength (30.52%), inter-laminar shear stress (25.22%), impact strength (327.10%), micro-hardness (48.53%) and fracture energy (40.19%) with minimum detrimental effect on toughness was revealed for GFRP-T1.0 compare to GFRP-T0.0 composite laminates. The stiffness and rigidity also improved up to 52.72% and 34.13% respectively for GFRP-T1.5 compare to GFRP-T0.0 composite laminates. The effects of nanoparticles contents and clustering size on thermal stability and glass transition temperature of developed composites are observed by thermo-gravimetric analysis. The surface morphology of TiO2 nanoparticles are characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) while dispersion of nanoparticles and failure of developed composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Effect of a single-dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 on Spike antibody titre among healthcare workers previously infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Parai Debaprasad , Choudhary Hari Ram , Dash Girish Chandra , Sahoo Subrat Kumar , Pattnaik Matrujyoti , Rout Usha Kiran , Nanda Rashmi Ranjan , Kanungo Srikanta , Kshatri Jaya Singh , Pati Sanghamitra , Bhattacharya Debdutta
Published: May 2021

Objective Dissemination of vaccines among the maximum number of recipients is becoming an uphill task in many low and middle-income countries (LMIC). This study was conducted to ease the vaccination load and to reach the highest number of immunities in a population about the neutralizing antibody response.Methods We followed the vaccination status of 134 healthcare workers (HCWs) among which 59 were previously confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive by RT-PCR test and 75 naive participants. All of them took two dosages of either BBV-152 or AZD1222 vaccine. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins were measured in two CLIA-based platforms Cobas e411 and ARCHITECT i1000SR.Results From prior COVID-19 recovered HCWs, 96% were found to be seropositive and developed a median concentration of 588.0 U/mL (interquartile range [IQR], 250.0-2500.0 AU/mL) IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2 S- protein after a single dose of vaccine whereas only 61.3% of previously non-infected HCWs developed antibody against SARS-CoV-2 S- protein after single dose with a median concentration of 7.27 U/mL (IQR, 0.4-116.5 AU/mL). A total of 82.7% HCWs having no earlier COVID-19 infection history became seropositive after the second dose of vaccine irrespective of gender and age.Conclusion We found that a single dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 induced a high concentration of neutralizing IgG antibody in HCWs having a recovery history from COVID-19.
CO2 emissions and climate - nature’s prospect on Green Growth
Authors: Anderl Thomas
Published: May 2021

The atmospheric treatment of extra CO2 input (additional to the natural source-sink mechanisms) is revealed to follow a simple function during the industrial era. This function is interpreted as useful tool for projections at the optimistic boundary. For instance, the atmospheric CO2 concentration may be contained within about 500 ppmv if mankind’s future carbon emissions remained constant at the present level; in tail, the related temperature contribution will become contained. In this context, the prospect from the transition to renewables is explored. In result, realistic estimates point at precluding positive economic growth for the foreseeable future if temperatures are to be given a reasonable chance to become sustainably restrained within sensible limits.
APPLICATION OF VALUES-BASED INVESTING CONCEPT IN WORLD INVESTMENT PRACTICE
Authors: Zakharkin О. , Zakharkina L. , Solomko Yu. , Yemelianov D.
Published: May 2021

The article considers theoretical and practical aspects of investments’ implementation at enterprises inclusive of the account the socio-economic effects arising from this. It is proved that side by side with the positive results investments can make negative impact on the surrounding community, which will require additional costs on reduction and neutralization. Thus, the need arises while calculating the cost indices of the company also take into account the indicators of "social value". The aim of the work is to analyze the world experience of forming investment strategies for business development based on the application of a cost approach with the principles of socially responsible investment. The research used methods of scientific abstraction, comparative and systematic analysis and synthesis, systematization and logical generalization. Provision of the combination of the interests of investors and society is possible by the use of the concept of "values-based investing" (VBI). It is the investment, which is based on the cost approach and consists in the selection of investments that provide the greatest increase in total cost, that is, not only to create value for the enterprise, but also to make the social value in the form of positive environmental, social and economic effects. Thus, it is a socially-responsible investment, the orientation of which is becoming more widespread in the world. The paper provides classification of areas of socially responsible investment, which includes investment by criteria of the social, ecological areas, the corporate management, the integrating multiple criteria for choosing investments. It is characterized the main types of strategies that can be implemented by enterprise within the limits of value-oriented investing and analyzed the global dynamics and structure of investment choices of socially-responsible investing. The analysis showed that in recent years the most dynamic investment strategy spread with maximum consideration of ESG factors, involving the formation of an investment portfolio based on a systematic combination of traditional financial analysis with assessment of environmental, social and governance impacts.
Prerequisites and possibilities of creating a medical engineering cluster as the part of regional territorial marketing
Authors: Zaloha Olha , Vakulenko Ihor , Jasnikowski Adam
Published: May 2021

The article considers creating regional clusters to develop peripheral regions on the example of the Sumy region (Ukraine). The purpose of the paper is to determine the possibility of creating a medical engineering cluster in the city of Sumy and Sumy region, which will potentially increase the level of socio-economic development of the region. The urgency of solving this scientific problem lies in eliminating the disparity in the economic and social development of the regions. It is especially critical for peripheral regions, which are significantly inferior to industrial centers. It leads to some negative consequences, including a decrease in the region’s investment attractiveness, the outflow of intellectual capital, and a negative balance of population growth. If this problem is not solved, it will lead to the formation of depressed regions and the deepening of social problems, the need to solve which will create additional burdens and state and local budgets. Systematization of literature sources and approaches to solving the problem of creating industrial clusters allows identifying key issues that should be taken into account when analyzing the existing conditions and prospects for building clusters. It also allowed us to determine the algorithm for creating an industrial cluster. The methodological tools of the study were taxonomy to systematize approaches to the analysis of industrial clusters and SWOT analysis to identify strengths and weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that exist concerning the creation of medical engineering cluster in the study region. The study of the possibility of creating a medical engineering cluster on the Sumy and Sumy region territory in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence. First, the theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of «cluster» and their classification are systematized. Second, the key benefits of stakeholders from building an industrial cluster are identified. Third, the cluster creation cycle is formed. Fourth, an analysis of the current state of development of industrial production, health care, and the scientific and educational potential of the region. Fifth, SWOT analysis of the creation of a medical engineering cluster in the Sumy region was carried out.
Laimaphelenchus africanus n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Aphelenchoididae) from South Africa, a morphological and molecular phylogenetic study, with an update to the diagnostics of the genus
Authors: Afshar Farahnaz Jahanshahi , Rashidifard Milad , Abolafia Joaquín , Zouhar Miloslav , Fourie Hendrika , Pedram Majid
Published: May 2021

A newly recovered population of the genus Laimaphelenchus from a dead maritime pine wood sample in Potchefstroom, South Africa, representing a new species, named L. africanus n. sp., is herein described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular data. The new species is mainly characterized by the following: 750–987 µm long females; a cephalic region with no disc and six cephalic lobs not divided by ribs; a 10.0–12.5 µm long stylet; four incisures in the lateral field; secretory-excretory pore (SE-pore) at slightly posterior to the nerve ring; vulva with a well-developed anterior flap, vagina with two well-developed sclerotized pieces; post-vulval uterine sac (PUS) 63–125 µm long; tail conical, 30–44 µm long, ventrally curved with a subventral stalk in terminus, lacking tubercles, with six to nine small projections at the tip in scanning electron microscopy (SEM); and rare males with 17 μm long spicules. The new species was morphologically compared to those species of the genus with a stalk in tail terminus, lacking tubercles, a vulval flap and four incisures in the lateral field viz., L. liaoningensis, L. preissii, L. simlaensis, L. sinensis, L. spiflatus, and L. unituberculus. Phylogenetically, the new species was placed into the major Laimaphelenchus clade using partial large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA D2-D3) sequences. An overall literature review corroborated the presence of the stalk (currently with two main groups) at the tail end is the main characteristic trait delimiting the genus. A compendium based on the characters of the stalk, presence/absence of a vulval flap in females and number of the lateral lines was also established.
Preparing Scheduled Desludging
Authors: Yuwono Rudy , Bustraan Foort , Darmawan Budi , Adinugroho Endro , Andwiwinarno Nugroho , Fransiska Ika
Published: May 2021

This book presents a methodology for preparing scheduled desludging schemes in cities. Opening with a description of its definition and principles, this book outlines step by step the preparation of a scheduled desludging scheme. Coverage of the book includes a feasibility assessment of a city to implement a scheduled desludging program, getting everybody on the same principles, making the general concept, setting targets, designing the operational scheme, building capacity of the service provider, preparing the fleets, and preparing promotion activities for the desludging program. Several fecal sludge desludging options and the implication of each option are discussed in the book, including their financial implications. The book also presents methods to calculate the operational cost and how the cost can be used as the basis to determine the desludging tariff.

This book was written based on the experience of USAID - IUWASH (Indonesia Urban Water and Sanitation and Health) program in assisting several Indonesian cities in preparing their mandatory desludging program. Some of Indonesia’s specific narratives and terms used in the original book have been adapted for the benefit of readers from other countries.

ISBN: 9781789062274 (paperback)

ISBN: 9781789062281 (eBook)