bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Panoramic Radiographic Relationship of the Mandibular Foramen to the Anterior Border of the Ramus and Occlusal Plane as an Aid in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block
Authors: Lasemi Esshagh , Motamedi Mohammad Hosein Kalantar , Talaeipour Ahmad Reza , Shafaeifard Shahrouz , Fard Mohamad Javad Kharrazi , Navi Fina , Lasemi Reza , Zardi Zahra , Alipanah Farhad
Published: March 2019

The location of the mandibular foramen (MF) on digital panoramic radiographs can be an important guide for clinicians when administering the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) for dental anesthesia of the mandible. This study, aimed to assess the location of the MF relative to the anterior border (AB) of the ramus and the occlusal plane (OP) from digital panoramic radiographs. An observational case series study was conducted on digital panoramic radiographs from the oral and maxillofacial radiology department archives of patients at least 18 years of age with a 1:1 scale (100%). The samples had to have at least 2 lower molar teeth on both sides without any blurring, previous fracture of the ramus or other artifacts. The distance of the MF to the OP and the AB of the ramus was measured using a caliper. The role of age and gender were also analyzed statistically using the 2-way analysis of variance test. One hundred ninety-four digital panoramic radiographs were included in the analysis. The findings showed that the vertical distance of the MF to the OP was a maximum of 14.52 mm and a minimum of −3.0 mm (mean 4.32 ± 2.34 mm). The distance of the MF to the AB of the ramus was a maximum of 25.52 and a minimum 9.68 mm (mean 16.48 ± 3.28 mm). Based on these findings, the IANB target site for injection should be approximately 5 mm above the OP and approximately 16.5 mm beyond the AB of the ramus to achieve successful anesthesia of the mandible via standard IANB in an Iranian population.
Intravenous Sedation in Arnold-Chiari Malformation With Respiratory Failure
Authors: Shionoya Yoshiki , Nakamura Eishi , Goi Takahiro , Nakamura Kiminari , Sunada Katsuhisa
Published: March 2019

Type II Arnold-Chiari malformation (ACM) is an abnormality in which the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata are displaced downward into the spinal cord. Type II ACM is often complicated by respiratory depression, sleep-disordered breathing, and deglutition disorder as a result of medullary dysfunction and impairment of the lower cranial nerves. Bending and stretching of the neck is restricted, and anesthetic management is problematic in patients with the disorder. We performed dental treatment twice under intravenous sedation in a patient with intellectual disability with type II ACM complicated by hypercapnic respiratory failure. Propofol was used for the first sedation procedure. Repeated bouts of respiratory depression occurred on that occasion, so the airway was managed manually by lifting the jaw. However, aspiration pneumonitis occurred postoperatively. A combination of dexmedetomidine and midazolam was used for sedation on the second occasion, and the intervention was completed uneventfully without any respiratory depression. Our experience with this patient highlights the need for selection of an agent for intravenous sedation that does not require neck extension and has minimal effect on respiration in patients with type II ACM, who are at high risk of respiratory depression and pulmonary aspiration.
Office-Based Sedation/General Anesthesia for COPD Patients, Part II
Authors: Chino Kristin , Ganzberg Steven , Mendoza Kristopher
Published: March 2019

The safe treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in dental office office-based settings can be quite complex without a current understanding of the etiology, course, severity, and current treatment modalities of the disease. The additional concerns of providing sedation and/or general anesthesia to patients with COPD in settings outside of a hospital demand thorough investigation of individual patient presentation and realistic development of planned treatment that patients suffering from this respiratory condition can tolerate. Along with other co-morbidities, such as advanced age and potential significant cardiovascular compromise, the dental practitioner providing sedation or general anesthesia must tailor any treatment plan to address multiple organ systems and mitigate risks of precipitating acute respiratory failure from inadequate pain and/or anxiety control. Part I of this article covered the epidemiology, etiology, and pathophysiology of COPD. Patient considerations in the preoperative period were also reviewed. Part II will cover which patients are acceptable for sedation/general anesthesia in the dental office-based setting as well as sedation/general anesthesia techniques that may be considered. Postoperative care will also be reviewed.
Improving Speaking Competency of The Students at SMK N 4 Bangli Using Project-Based Learning
Authors: Dewi Luh Putu Ayu Novita
Published: March 2019

This study aimed at improving speaking competency of the students using project-based learning. The subjects of this study were the eleventh grade AP1 students of SMK Negeri 4 Bangli which consisted 25 students. The study was conducted by following the action research procedures and it was completed in two cycles. The result of the study showed that speaking competency of the students could be improved by using project-based learning. The result of post-test 2 proved that the students’ mean score was 80 which significantly improved from the pre-test result that was 69. The class percentage of the students passing the test was 100% which was beyond the expectation which was 75%. Based on the questionnaire, the students also had positive response towards the implementation of project-based learning. The result showed that learning English using project-based learning could improve their speaking competency in terms of fluency, pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISIONS (STAD) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS IV DI SD NO. 1 SEMBUNG KECAMATAN MENGWI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: Trisna Dewi Ayu Ira , Sumantri Made
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar IPA pada siswa kelas IV di SD No.1 Sembung tahun pelajaran 2016/2017setelah diterapkannya model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang melibatkan subjek sebanyak 16 orang siswa. Objek penelitian ini adalah hasil belajar IPA siswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. Data hasil belajar siswa diperoleh melalui hasil  observasi menggunakan lembar  observasi dan data hasil belajar siswa diperoleh menggunakan tes tertulis. Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, dengan menggunakan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan persentase hasil belajar IPA siswa sebesar 25%, pada  siklus I yaitu 68,75%,dan pada siklus II menjadi 93,75%. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa, hasil belajar IPA siswa meningkat melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe student teams achievement divisions (STAD) siswa kelas IV SD No. 1 Sembung tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Disarankan pada guru kelas yang lain, agar bisa menerapkan model pembelajaran tipe student teams achievement division (STAD) ini pada mata pelajaran yang berbeda. Karena penerapan model pembelajaran tipe student teams achievement divisions (STAD) ini terbukti dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER (NHT) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS
Authors: Sucidamayanti Ni Putu Wiwin
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dengan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) dalam pembelajaran IPS kelas IV semester II SD No.1 Beratan Kecamatan Buleleng Kabupaten Buleleng tahun pelajaran 2010/2011. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus yang masing-masing siklus dilaksanakan tiga kali pertemuan pada pokok bahasan perkembangan teknologi. Rancangan tiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan, yakni perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV semester II SD No. 1 Beratan sebanyak 10 orang siswa, yang terdiri dari 5 orang siswa laki-laki dan 5 orang siswa perempuan. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode tes. Data yang didapatkan dari metode tes dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kuantatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar IPS siswa kelas IV SD No. 1 Beratan Kecamatan Buleleng Kabupaten Buleleng. Persentase rata-rata hasil belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan, ini terbukti dari hasil yang diperoleh pada siklus I dengan nilai rata-rata 69,00 dan pada siklus II menjadi 84,50 yang termasuk ke dalam kategori tinggi, sedangkan siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan dari 5 orang siswa menjadi 9 orang siswa dan ketuntasan klasikal pada siklus I sebesar 70% menjadi 90% pada siklus II. Dengan demikian penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV semester II SD No. 1 Beratan Kecamatan Buleleng Kabupaten Buleleng tahun pelajaran 2010/2011.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN NHT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS III
Authors: Juliartini N. M. , Arini N. W.
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar IPA setelah penerapan model pembelajaran NHT pada siswa kelas III Sekolah Dasar No. 2 Abianbase tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan subjek seluruh siswa kelas III Sekolah Dasar No. 2 Abianbase tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 berjumlah 31 orang siswa.  Data hasil belajar yang dikumpulkan  dengan tes hasil belajar IPA. Selanjutnya data tersebut dianalisis dengan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Model Pembelajaran NHT  dapat meningkatkan Hasil belajar  pada pembelajaran IPA siswa kelas III di SD No. 2 Abianbase, Kabupaten Badung. Hal ini  dapat diketahui dari hasil yang diperoleh pada siklus I, rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I hanya mencapai 72,74 dengan persentase sebesar 72,74% termasuk kategori hasil belajar sedang. Setelah diadakan perbaikkan pada siklus II, diperoleh hasil belajar mencapai 81,93 dengan persentase 81,93 % termasuk kategori tinggi. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran NHT pada mata pelajaran  IPA dapat meningkat hasil belajar siswa kelas III SD No. 2 Abianbase, Kabupaten Badung, Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017.
PENERAPAN MODEL STAD UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS IV
Authors: Junmalini Ni Komang
Published: March 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah  untuk mengetahui peningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa Kelas IV SD No. 2 Sembung Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017 setelah penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV SD No. 2 Sembung yang berjumlah 21 orang. Data penelitian tentang hasil belajar dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode tes. Data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan rata-rata persentase skor hasil belajar IPA pada siklus I sebesar 68,09 % berada pada kategori sedang dan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 12,48% pada siklus II menjadi 90,47 % tergolong pada kategori sangat tinggi. Maka penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif Tipe Student Teams-Achievement Division (STAD) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV SD No 2 Sembung.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Quantum Teaching berbantuan Media Konkret untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA
Authors: Purnama Dewi Luh Putu
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IXB semester ganjil SMP Negeri 2 Kubu setelah diterapkannya model pembelajaran quantum teaching berbantuan media konkret. Subjek penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IXB SMP Negeri 2 Kubu yang terdiri dari 40 orang siswa, 22 siswa laki-laki dan 18 orang siswa perempuan. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap Siklus terdiri dari 3 kali pertemuan yang di dalamnya terdiri atas perencanaan, tindakan, pemantauan, serta refleksi. Data hasil belajar siswa dikumpulkan melalui tes tulis pada setiap akhir siklus. Data yang telah dikumpulkan tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran quantum teaching dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari nilai rata-rata hasil tes siklus I sebesar 66,8 dengan tingkat ketuntasan belajar 50% dan nilai rata-rata siklus II sebesar 81,6 dengan tingkat ketuntasan belajar 87,5%
MENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS BERITA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DENGAN MEDIA FOTO BERSERI PADA SISWA KELAS VIII A3 SMP NEGERI 1 SINGARAJA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018.
Authors: Alawi Said
Published: March 2019

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah kemampuan menulis berita pada pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui meningkatan kemampuan menulis berita siswa dengan model pembelajaran problem based learning dengan bantuan  foto berseri di kelas VIII A3 SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII A3 SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 30 orang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi untuk mengetahui aktivitas belajar Bahasa Indonesia siswa dan tes untuk melihat hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia siswa. Teknik analisis data dilakukan cara reduksi data dan penyajian data. Keterampilan menulis teks berita peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri  1 Singaraja tahun ajaran 2017/2018 mengalami peningkatan setelah dilakukan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran  Problem Based Learning  dan media foto berseri.  Hasil tes prasiklus menunjukan nilai rata-rata sebesar  78  dan pada siklus I memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar  82 terjadi peningkatan sebesar 45%. Pada siklus II diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar  85,76 terjadi peningkatan sebesar 6,67 %. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Dengan Bantuan Foto Berseri dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis berita siswa Kelas VIII A3 SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja TA 2017/2018.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS SISWA KELAS X APHC SMK NEGERI 1 SINGARAJA MELALUI TEKNIK GUIDING QUESTIONS
Authors: Situmorang Nila Martha Yehonala
Published: March 2019

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis peserta didik kelas X APHC SMA Negeri 1 menggunakan teknik Guiding Questions.Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, yang terdiri dari rencana tindakan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi atau evaluasi dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X APHC SMA Negeri 1 Singaraja berjumlah 35 orang pada Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018. .Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengimplementasian teknik Guiding Questions dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis peserta didik yang ditunjukkan oleh hasil penelitian pada siklus I dengan persentase ketuntasan 40% dan pada siklus II menjadi    71,42%. Kata-kata kunci: teknik Guiding Questions, penelitian tindakan kelas
MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN VOCABULARY SISWA MENGGUNAKAN VOCABULARY SELF-COLLECTION STRATEGY PADA KELAS VII A3 DI SMPN 1 SINGARAJA
Authors: Amalia Nurlaila
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan penguasaan vocabulary pada materi Things Around Us pada peserta didik kelas VII A3SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja melalui penerapan Vocabulary Self-collection Strategy. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, yang terdiri dari rencana tindakan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi atau evaluasi dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII A3 SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja, berjumlah 30 orang dengan rincian 12 orang putra dan 17 orang putri. Hasil analisis data rata-rata nilai penguasaan vocabulary pada materi Things Around Us siklus I yaitu sebesar 67 dan rata-rata nilai penguasaan vocabulary pada materi Things Around Us pada siklus II yaitu sebesar 94,3. Dari data hasil belajar tersebut dapat dikatakan bahwa hasil belajar penguasaan vocabulary pada materi Things Around Us pada siklus I ke siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebesar 27,3. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar penguasaan vocabulary pada materi Things Around Us meningkat melalui penerapan Vocabulary Self-collection Strategy pada siswa kelas VII A3 SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja. Disarankan kepada guru bahasa Inggris untuk mengaplikasikan Vocabulary Self-collection Strategy karena dapat meningkatkan hasil penguasaan vocabulary. Kata-kata kunci: Vocabulary Self-collection Strategy, vocabulary
MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPA MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
Authors: Sumenari Ketut
Published: March 2019

Research conducted in class VIII-B in SMP Negeri 1 Sukasada in the second semester of the academic year 2017/2018 aims to improve the learning process as well as to improve student achievement. The subjects of this study were taken from students who studied in Class VIII-B which amounted to 32 students, 20 men and 12 women. The object of this research is the effort to improve science achievement. Data collection techniques were conducted through tests (objective tests) and analyzed using descriptive analysis. Initial data only reached the average grade of 74.84 further in the first cycle increased by 2.97 to 77.81 and in cycle II also rose as much as 6.56 to become an average of 84.38. In learning completeness also increased from 64,86% initially increase as many as 16,22 in cycle I to become 81,08% and in cycle II also increase as many as 10,81 so become 91,89%. The data in cycle II shows that the expected success has been achieved even exceeds the indicator of the success of the proposed research. Thus the authors concluded that the model of Problem Based Learning applied in the process of learning science in class VIII-B SMP Negeri 1 Sukasada odd semester of the academic year 2017/2018 able to improve learning achievement
Think Pair Share sebagai Strategi Efektif dalam Pembelajaran Membaca Intensif Siswa SMP
Authors: Astiti Aryasih Made
Published: March 2019

The purpose of writing this action research was to improve the results of intensive reading learning for class VII A4 students of SMP Negeri 3 Sawan through the application Think Pair Share learning strategies. Referring to the problems that will be addressed through research, the type of research used is classroom action research through two cycles with stages; planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data collection method is a test to answer the question of discourse. The data analysis method is descriptive. The results obtained from this study are the TPS strategy can improve intensive reading skills in students. It is evident from the learning outcomes achieved in intensive student reading. In the initial reflection the average score of students' intensive reading was 73.08 with 38.46% completeness, and in the first cycle, the average rating of students increased to 76.73 with 72.00% completeness even though it was still in the sufficient category, but there was an increase in the average student score is 3.65%. After the improvement of actions in cycle II, the average score of intensive reading of students in the second cycle of 80.77 increased by 4.04% from Cycle I and was in good category and all students complete. The conclusion from this study is that the application of Think Pair Share learning strategies can improve the results of intensive reading learning for class VII A4 students of SMP Negeri 3 Sawan.
Penerapan Strategi Pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW) dalam Meningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Teks Eksposisi Analitis pada Peserta Didik
Authors: Sari Siregar Elvilida
Published: March 2019

This study aims at finding out and describing (1) the implementation of TTW learning strategy in improving students’ writing competency in analytic exposition text in class XI P2 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja in academic year 2017/2018, (2) the appropriate learning steps for TTM strategy implementation in writing analytic exposition text of students in class XI P2 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja in academic year of 2017/2018, (3) students’ response in class XI P2 SMK Negeri2 Singaraja while learning analytic exposition text through the use of TTW strategy. It is a two-cycles study with the total students of 40 people in class XI P2 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja. The data of students’ writing competency in analytic exposition text through the use of TTW strategy were collected through test at the end of the learning. Data of the learning procedures were collected through observation technique and data of students’ response towards its implementation were collected through observation and questionnaires. The result of the study showed that the implementation of TTW strategy could improve students’ writing competency in analytic exposition text. The improvement of students’ writing competency was about 35%, from 32.5% to 67.5%. The learning session was considered to be successful for around 80% of the students could gain the scores above the standard score. The students (92% of them) gave positive response while implementing TTW strategy in writing analytic exposition text
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengabstraksi Teks Prosedur Kompleks Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Inquiry
Authors: Murtiani Ni Nyoman
Published: March 2019

This research was conducted in Dwijendra Gianyar High School for the X grade students in the even semester of the 2015/2016 academic year whose ability to abstract complex procedure texts was very far below the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) value. The purpose of this class action research is to determine whether the ability to abstract complex procedure texts can be improved through the use of Inquiry learning models. The subjects of this study were the X grade students in the even semester of the academic year 2015/2016 Dwijendra Gianyar High School totaling 45 people. The data collection method is a test of learning outcomes. The data analysis method is descriptive. The results obtained from this study are that the ability to abstract complex procedure texts can be improved through the use of Inquiry learning models. This is evident from the results obtained initially at 63.64, in the first cycle to 72.64 and in the second cycle to 79.24. The conclusion obtained from this study is the ability to abstract complex procedure texts of class X students in the even semester of the 2015/2016 academic year Dwijendra Gianyar High School can be improved through the use of Inquiry learning model.
Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Interaktif Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa
Authors: Septiani Ari Pertiwi Ni Luh , Dibia I Ketut
Published: March 2019

This research was a classroom action research that aimed at improving the learning outcomes of Mathematics through the application of Problem-Based Learning assisted by Interactive Media. Each cycle consists of planning, execution, observation or evaluation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were the eighth grade students of Elementary School of Undiksha Laboratory which consisting of 24 male students and 10 female students. The form of data analysis used is quantitative descriptive data analysis. The data of the research results showed that, based on the first cycle analysis, the quantity of students who got a minimum score of 80 were 26 students or 76.47%, so there were still 8 students left who got score below than 80. While on the second cycle the quantity of students who got a minimum score of 80 were 30 students or reach 88,23% and there were only 4 students who did not get the value 80. Then, the results of the first cycle analysis about the percentage of knowledge learning achievement of Mathematics reached 82.75% which was categorized as high. While in the second cycle reached 90.1% which based on the category of learning outcomes Mathematics knowledge was categorized as very high. The results of this study indicated that the implementation of Problem-Based Learning assisted by Interactive Media could improve the learning outcomes of Mathematics students in eighth grade students of Elementary School of Undiksha Laboratory Year 2017/2018.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Nht Berbantuan Media Audio Visual Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA
Authors: Candra Lestari Ni Putu
Published: March 2019

This study was aimed at finding out an increase in science learning achievement of the fourth grade students of SDN 4 Kaliuntu after implementing Audio Visual Aided - Numbered Head Together (NHT) type of Cooperative Learning model. This was a classroom action research that was done in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation/evaluation and reflection. The subjects were the fourth grade students of SDN 4 Kaliuntu. The data were collected using test. The data collected were then analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis. From the data analysis in cycle I, the average grade students science learning achievement 72,10, after being converted into criterion-referenced evaluation, the students learning achievement falls into medium level. The result of the study in cycle II showed that there was an increase in learning achievement. The average grade student science learning achievement reached 83,65, falling into a high category. The results of this study showed that the implementation of audio visual-aided NHT type of Cooperative Learning model can increase the fourth grade students’ science learning achievement in SDN 4 Kaliuntu in the academic year 2017/2018.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Teknik Dasar Servis dalam Permainan Bola Voli
Authors: Rasmini Ni Wayan
Published: March 2019

This study aims to improve service learning outcomes in volleyball games for students of Class XI K1 of SMK Negeri 3 Sukawati 2016/2017. The subjects of this study were students of Class XI Karawitan 1 in the 2016/2017 school year which amounted to 25 students. This research is a classroom action research conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of 2 meetings which consist of planning, action, observation, evaluation, and reflection. Data on student learning outcomes were collected through individual practice tests. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate the application of the cooperative learning model Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) can improve student learning outcomes indicated by the results of the study before the average action is obtained by students with number 7, in the first cycle increases with an average mastery of material by 67 in the less category, with a 17% increase. in cycle II it increased to 74, so the increase occurred at 17%. With enough categories. But overall, there has been a significant increase. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers in the learning process activities can use the STAD type cooperative approach to improve student learning achievement
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Tutor Sebaya (Peer Tutoring) untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Tata Hidang
Authors: Laksemiwati Ni Luh Astrini
Published: March 2019

Tujuan dari diadakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar tata hidang melalui implementasi model pembelajaran Tutor Sebaya pada siswa Kelas XI A5 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subjek yang dipilih dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa XI A5 SMK Negeri 2 Singarja dengan jumlah siswa 41 orang yang terdiri dari 23 orang siswa laki-laki dan 18 orang siswa perempuan, sedangkan objek penelitian ini pada mata pelajaran tata hidang adalah materi tata cara pelayanan makanan dan minuman di restoran menggunakan model pembelajaran Tutor Sebaya. Data aktivitas belajar siswa dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan lembar observasi aktivitas belajar siswa yang telah dipersiapkan, sedangkan data hasil  belajar siswa dikumpulkan dengan pemberian tes esai kepada siswa. Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data deskriptif. Berdasarkan analisis data yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi model Tutor Sebaya dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar Tata Hidang siswa kelas XI A5 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Example Non Example terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS
Authors: Suadnyana Rai
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk megetahui perbedaan yang signifikan  kompetensi pengetahuan IPS antara kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan melalui model pembelajaran Example Non Example dengan kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa kelas IV SD Gugus II Kuta Utara. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen semu dengan menggunakan desain penelitian non-equivalent control group design. Sampel ditentukan dengan rumus random sampling dengan mengacak kelas yang terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji kesetaraan pada setiap anggota populasi. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas IV SD No. 2 Tibubeneng  sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelas IV SD No. 3 Tibubeneng sebagai kelompok kontrol, dengan jumlah masing – masing kelompok sebanyak 32 siswa pada kelompok eksperimen dan 32 siswa pada kelompok kontrol. Hasil Data kompetensi pengetahuan IPS dikumpulkan dengan instrumen tes objektif pilihan ganda berjumlah 30 butir tes yang telah divalidasi data di analis dengan Uji-t. Analisis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kompetensi pengetahuan IPS antara kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan melalui model pembelajaran Example Non Example dengan kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan melalui pembelajaran konvensional pada kelas IV SD Gugus II Kuta Utara hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan hasil thitung 3,23> ttabel = 2,00. Rata – rata  kompetensi pengetahuan IPA siswa kelompok eksperimen 69,09 > 67,27 kelompok kontrol. Dapat disimpulkan model pembelajaran Example Non Example berpengaruh terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan IPS siswa kelas IV SD Gugus II Kuta Utara.
Vestimentas dos profissionais da saúde: riscos e cuidados necessários
Authors: Silva Thaisa Medeiros de Lima , Lopes Rayssa Horacio , Maia Kariny Kelly de Oliveira
Published: March 2019

RESUMOA área da saúde possui riscos para os profissionais e usuários, dentre eles se destaca o biológico. As vestimentas dos profissionais de saúde, estão expostas ao ambiente dos serviços de saúde que a depender do local e atividade desenvolvida pode ser contaminado. Objetiva-se com este trabalho, identificar na literatura estudos que discorram sobre potenciais riscos de contaminação associados às vestimentas dos profissionais de saúde, bem como as recomendações para o cuidado com as mesmas. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, onde se pesquisou nas bases de dados LILACS, BIREME e SciElo, com os descritores cadastrados no DeCS. Após seu cruzamento e exposição aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 12 trabalhos. Nestes, identificou-se que as vestimentas podem se tornar contaminadas, bem como potenciais contaminantes. Para evitar a disseminação da cadeia de contaminação, é necessário que haja uma manipulação adequada da vestimenta após o seu uso, processamento da vestimenta de forma correta e também a adesão às práticas de biossegurança, como a higienização das mãos. Além disso, é preciso discutir com os profissionais da saúde, acerca da temática da biossegurança, pois, as IRAS são consideradas atualmente um problema de saúde pública.Descritores: risco biológico; vestuário; pessoal de saúde; infecção hospitalar. ABSTRACTThe health area has risks for professionals and users, among them the biological one. The clothing of health professionals is exposed to the environment of health services that depending on the location and activity developed can be contaminated. The objective of this work is to identify in the literature studies that discuss potential risks of contamination associated with the health professional’s dress, as well as recommendations for care with them. It is an integrative review of the literature, where the LILACS, BIREME and SciElo databases were searched, with the descriptors registered in the DeCS. After their research, 12 papers were selected. In these, it has been identified that clothing may become contaminated as well as potential contaminants. To avoid the spread of the contamination chain, it is necessary that there is adequate handling of the clothing after its use, processing of the clothes correctly and also adherence to biosafety practices, such as hand hygiene. In addition, it is necessary to discuss with the health professionals about the biosafety issue, because IRAS is considered a public health problem.Keywords: biological risk; clothing; health personnel; hospital infection.
SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA SUP KRIM INSTAN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN HIDROLISAT PROTEIN DAGING KAMBING KACANG
Authors: Mirdhayati Irdha , Nurwidada Wieda
Published: March 2019

Meat protein hydrolyzate can be used as an ingredient in making instant cream soup. The application of mutton protein hydrolyzate as an ingredient in making cream soup has never been done. The purpose of this study was to develop instant cream soup products from goat meat hydrolyzate as a functional food product prototype, and to know the characterization of instant cream soup in terms of its physical and chemical properties. This research is an experiment with a completely randomized design, with replications 3 times. The treatment is the addition of goat meat protein hydrolyzate which consists of 6 levels, namely, 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% 1.0% and commercial cream soup as a comparison. Data on physical properties and chemical composition were analyzed statistically by diversity analysis. The results showed that the addition of goat meat protein hydrolyzate at different concentrations was able to increase bulk density and pH value and reduce the water binding capacity of instant cream soup produced. The addition of goat meat protein hydrolyzate at different concentrations increases the water content and protein content, decreases the carbohydrate content of instant cream soup, but does not affect the ash content and fat content. It can be concluded that the addition of goat meat hydrolyzate to 1% produces instant cream soup with the same pH value and water binding capacity as commercial cream soup products and produces higher protein content than commercial products.
Mogućnosti i poteškoće u citološkoj dijagnostici neurinoma
Authors: Korov Barbara , Manojlović Spomenka , Müller Danko , Čikara Igor , Rožman Berislav , Lukšić Ivica , Trutin Ostović Karmen
Published: March 2019

Neurinom ili švanom rijetki je benigni tumor koji potječe od Schwannovih
stanica ovojnice živca. To je spororastući, solitarni i inkapsulirani tumor. Može nastati u bilo kojoj dobi, ali najčešće se javlja između 30.
i 60. godine života. Na glavi i vratu neurinomi se javljaju u mlađih osoba, u dobi od 20. do 30. godine. Citološka je dijagnoza važna zbog odabira pravilnog liječenja, otkrivanja recidiva ili pojave novog neurinoma na drugome živcu. Citološke punkcije mogu se raditi „naslijepo” ili češće pod kontrolom ultrazvuka. Tijekom sedam godina, od
1. siječnja 2007. do 31. prosinca 2013., punktirano je 14 322 pacijenta na Odjelu za kliničku citologiju i citometriju KB-a Dubrava, a
samo u 10 (0,07 %) pacijenata postavljena je citološka dijagnoza neurinoma. Najviše punktiranih neurinoma bilo je u području glave i vrata, u sedam pacijenata od njih 10. Retrospektivno smo analizirali preparate i nalaze i odredili točnost citologije uspoređujući citološku dijagnozu s patohistološkim nalazom. U šest je pacijenata patohistološki
potvrđena citološka dijagnoza neurinoma. U četiri pacijenta čija je patohistološka dijagnoza bila neurinom, citološka je dijagnoza glasila mezenhimalni tumor u tri pacijenta, a u četvrtog tumor vretenastih stanica, što su sve bile dijagnoze benignih lezija.
Lithogenesis on peneplaned сontinented platform of Kazakhstan and Siberia during the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary epoch
Authors: Tsekhovskii Yu. G. , Bogatyrev В. А. , Zhukov V. V.
Published: March 2019

Research subject. The inner structure, composition, and genesis of the poorly studied formation of weathering crusts are studied with reference to peneplaned platform territories in Kazakhstan and Siberia during the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary epoch. This formation hosts many valuable minerals, such as bauxite, iron ores, refractory clays, etc., thereby attracting much research attention.

 Materials and methods. The results were obtained following a series of long-term studies and a review of available data recently obtained on the weathering crust formation in the territories of Kazakhstan and Siberia. The methods of lithological facies and formation analysis were used, along with the separate studies of the eluvial material – weathering crusts in erosion areas and intra-formation weathering horizons in accumulation areas. Results. The weathering crust formation in the study area is shown to comprise two kinds of rock mass: siliceous-kaolinite ones forming erosion-tectonic depressions and kaolinite-bauxite ones forming karst depressions. The inner structure, composition, and genesis of both rock mass units are studied in detail, with all their sedimentation stages being analyzed. The sedimentation process is traced from the preparation of the material in weathering crusts at erosion areas to the deposition of this material and its post-sedimentation transformations (mostly with the involvement of subaerial diagenesis) in depressions. Detailed information is presented on subaerial diagenesis, which deserves further studies. Conclusions. This publication is the frst to present detailed information on the inner structure, composition and genesis of the ancient formation of weathering crusts produced in hot humid climate on peneplaned land territories. It is confrmed that the processes underpinning this formation – starting with the preparation of the material and ending with its accumulation in depressions – were different from those typical of modern orogenic environments. This conclusion extends the current understanding of the forms and nature of ancient lithogenetic processes.
ІННОВАЦІЙНО-ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНА ДОМІНАНТА В РЕГІОНАЛЬНОМУ РОЗВИТКУ ПРОДУКТИВНИХ СИЛ
Authors: Popelo Olha
Published: March 2019

Стаття присвячена дослідженню інноваційно-інвестиційної діяльності України та її регіонів. Досліджено сучасний стан основних складових інноваційного індексу Європейського інноваційного табло. Проаналізовано основні показники інноваційної діяльності промислових підприємств; динаміка впроваджених нових технологічних процесів та інноваційних видів продукції. Також розглянуто обсяг фінансування інноваційної діяльності за джерелами та напрямами інноваційної діяльності. Розкрито сучасні тенденції динаміки капітальний інвестицій та прямих іноземних інвестицій. Проведено просторово-часове рейтингування регіонів України за інноваційно-інвестиційною складовою розвитку продуктивних сил.
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА ПРОЗОРІСТЬ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ СТРАХОВИХ КОМПАНІЙ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Dubyna Maksym , Pіlevych Dmytro , Baranets Alina
Published: March 2019

У статті проаналізовано теоретичні та прикладні аспекти підвищення рівня інформаційної прозорості функціонування страхових компаній в Україні. Проведено аналіз концептуальних підходів до трактування сутності категорії «транспарентність», обґрунтовано особливості забезпечення прозорості діяльності страхових компаній.
Проведено оцінювання сучасного стану рівня інформаційної прозорості страховиків України, що реалізовано через аналіз даних, які представлені на їхніх офіційних сайтах. Це дало змогу об’єднати всіх страховиків у три групи: з високим, середнім та низьким рівнем інформаційної прозорості. Також реалізовано аналогічний аналіз і для іноземних компаній. У статті розроблено заходи підвищення рівня відкритості та доступності даних про роботу страхових компаній в Україні.
НАУКОВО-КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗАСАДИ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ РИЗИКІВ ТА УПРАВЛІННЯ НИМИ НА РИНКУ ОРГАНІЧНОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Shtyrkhun Khrystyna
Published: March 2019

У статті проаналізовано поняття «ризик» та визначено сутність ризику на ринку органічної продукції, який запропоновано розглядати як ймовірність настання непередбачених обставин зовнішнього або внутрішнього характеру, які можуть виникнути на всіх етапах життєвого циклу продукції, а саме виробництво, переробка, зберігання, транспортування, реалізація і пов’язані з можливістю заподіяння шкоди та збитку суб’єктам ринку органічної продукції. Ідентифіковано та класифіковано ризики, з якими можуть зіткнутись суб’єкти ринку органічної продукції. Запропоновано методи управління окресленими ризиками.
Tradeoffs and Compatibilities of Chemical Properties in CpHqFrOs System
Authors: Okamoto Yasuharu
Published: March 2019

To comply with the Kigali amendment to the Montreal Protocol in 2016, it becomes an urgent matter to develop new refrigerants with low global warming potential with simultaneously meeting conventional requirements of cooling performance, safety, and non-destructive to the ozone layer. Because each requirement links to different chemical property, proper control of various chemical properties is necessary to achieve the requirements. However, it seems to be extremely difficult to satisfy all the requirements simultaneously due to the tradeoffs among the properties. For this reason, we need to correctly recognize how these chemical properties behave when the composition of molecule is changed. Here we have done in silico screening that combines quantum chemical calculation, machine learning, and database search, where 10,163 molecules were exhaustively investigated within the properly imposed constraints, then we have found several candidates for new refrigerants. It should be noted that the synthesis of refrigerants is more difficult than that of ordinary organic molecules because glassware cannot be used for the synthesis of fluorine-containing molecules that most refrigerants apply. This makes in silico screening a more useful approach in the design of refrigerants.
Proton C 1 Onductive Membranes Based on 2 Carboxylated Cellulose Nanofibres and Their Proton 3 Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance
Authors: Guccini Valentina , Carlson Annika , Yu Shun , Lindbergh Göran , Wreland Lindström Rakel , Salazar-Alvarez Germán
Published: March 2019

The performance of carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF) membranes has been measured in-situ as a function of CNF surface charge (600 and 1550 µmol g-1), membrane thickness and fuel cell relative humidity (RH 55 to 95 %). The structural evolution of the membrane as a function of RH has been measured by Small Angle X-ray scattering, showing that water channels are formed above 75 % RH. The amount of absorbed water depends on the membrane surface charge and counter ions (Na+ or H+). The high affinity of CNF for water and the high aspect ratio of the nanofibers, together with a well-defined and homogenous membrane structure, ensures a proton conductivity exciding 1 mS cm-1 at 30 °C between 65 and 95 % RH, around two orders of magnitude larger than previously reported values and only one order of magnitude lower than Nafion 212. Moreover, the CNF membranes are characterized by a lower hydrogen crossover than Nafion, despise been ≈ 30 % thinner. Thanks to their environmental compatibility and promising fuel cell performance the CNF membranes should be considered for new generation PEMFCs.
Proton Conductive Membranes Based on Carboxylated Cellulose Nanofibres and Their Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance
Authors: Guccini Valentina , Carlson Annika , Yu Shun , Lindbergh Göran , Wreland Lindström Rakel , Salazar-Alvarez Germán
Published: March 2019

The performance of carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF) membranes has been measured in-situ as a function of CNF surface charge (600 and 1550 µmol g-1), membrane thickness and fuel cell relative humidity (RH 55 to 95 %). The structural evolution of the membrane as a function of RH has been measured by Small Angle X-ray scattering, showing that water channels are formed above 75 % RH. The amount of absorbed water depends on the membrane surface charge and counter ions (Na+ or H+). The high affinity of CNF for water and the high aspect ratio of the nanofibers, together with a well-defined and homogenous membrane structure, ensures a proton conductivity exciding 1 mS cm-1 at 30 °C between 65 and 95 % RH, around two orders of magnitude larger than previously reported values and only one order of magnitude lower than Nafion 212. Moreover, the CNF membranes are characterized by a lower hydrogen crossover than Nafion, despise been ≈ 30 % thinner. Thanks to their environmental compatibility and promising fuel cell performance the CNF membranes should be considered for new generation PEMFCs.
Perturbation of Hydrogen Bonding Networks over Supported Lipid Bilayers by Poly (Allylamine Hydrochloride)
Authors: Dalchand Naomi , Dogangun Merve , Ohno Paul E. , Ma Emily , Martinson Alex , Geiger Franz
Published: March 2019

Water is vital to many biochemical processes and is necessary for driving many fundamental interactions of cell membranes with their external environments, yet it is difficult to probe the membrane/water interface directly and without the use of external labels. Here, we employ vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy to understand the role of interfacial water molecules above bilayers formed from zwitterionic (phosphatidylcholine, PC) and anionic (phosphatidylglycerol, PG, and phosphatidylserine, PS) lipids as they are exposed to the common polycation poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) in 100 mM NaCl. We show that as the concentration of PAH is increased, the interfacial water molecules are irreversibly displaced and find that it requires 10 times more PAH to displace interfacial water molecules from membranes formed from purely zwitterionic lipids when compared to membranes that contain the anionic PG and PS lipids. This outcome is likely due to difference in (1) the energy with which water molecules are bound to the lipid headgroups, (2) the number of water molecules bound to the headgroups, which is related to the headgroup area, and (3) the electrostatic interactions between the PAH molecules and the negatively charged lipids that are favored when compared to the zwitterionic lipid headgroups. The findings presented here contribute to establishing causal relationships in nanotoxicology and to understanding, controlling, and predicting the initial steps that lead to the lysis of cells exposed to membrane disrupting polycations, or to transfection.