bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the labrum-paragnath complex in five species of calanoid copepods
Authors: Lewis Alan
Published: September 2014

Although some information is available on how calanoid copepods collect and handle food, there is very little information on the labrum and paragnaths, structures that are the last to receive food before trituration and ingestion. Five species were used to examine the nature of and differences between the labrum-paragnath complex, species with a variety of feeding modes ranging from detritivore to carnivore. The nature of the complex ranged from very simple inEucalanus bungii bungiiJohnson, 1938, to the heavily sclerotized labrum and paragnaths of the carnivoreParaeuchaeta elongata(Esterly, 1913) with its specialized anterior labral lobe. The labrum, which provides a semi-enclosed space for trituration by the mandible gnathobases, is hood shape while the columnar-shaped paragnaths, which hold and help move food towards the mandible gnathobases, contain setule and spicule armature elements. Not only the shape of the complex, but also its orientation are suggested to play roles in dictating dietary choices. The range of structures, from the simple complex ofEucalanus bungii bungiito the beak like complex ofHeterorhabdus tanneri(Claus, 1863), along with its claw-like gnathobase armature, provide an indication of the morphological diversity found in the labrum-paragnath complex of calanoid copepods.
Freshwater origin of Bathynellacea (Malacostraca)
Authors: Schminke Horst Kurt
Published: September 2014

There are two opposing hypotheses on the origin of Bathynellacea, a marine and a freshwater one. According to the marine hypothesis, Bathynellacea invaded continental groundwater from the sea via the interstitial of marine beaches (“two-step model”), whereas according to the freshwater hypothesis the groundwater was reached from the sea via fresh surface waters and the interstitial of gravelly banks of rivers and streams. According to the marine hypothesis adaptation to life in groundwater happened again and again with practically no subsequent dispersion in this habitat; occurrence in brackish water is primary, that in freshwater secondary; co-occurrence of Bathynellacea with faunal elements of incontestably marine origin is primary and indicative of a marine origin of Bathynellacea as well. According to the freshwater hypothesis there is adaptation to life in groundwater and subsequent large-scale dispersion in it; occurrence in freshwater is primary, that in brackish water secondary; co-occurrence of Bathynellacea with faunal elements of incontestably marine origin is secondary and not indicative of a marine origin of Bathynellacea. These differences are critically discussed with the result that more seems to speak for a freshwater origin. The two-step model with the genusIberobathynellaSchminke, 1973 as an example is scrutinized and found to be incomplete and until now not sufficiently supported.
Spatiotemporally Controlled Microchannels of Periodontal Mimic Scaffolds
Authors: Park C.H. , Kim K.H. , Rios H.F. , Lee Y.M. , Giannobile W.V. , Seol Y.J.
Published: September 2014

Physiologic bioengineering of the oral, dental, and craniofacial complex requires optimized geometric organizations of fibrous connective tissues. A computer-designed, fiber-guiding scaffold has been developed to promote tooth-supporting periodontal tissue regeneration and functional restoration despite limited printing resolution for the manufacture of submicron-scaled features. Here, we demonstrate the use of directional freeze-casting techniques to control pore directional angulations and create mimicked topographies to alveolar crest, horizontal, oblique, and apical fibers of natural periodontal ligaments. For the differing anatomic positions, the gelatin displayed varying patterns of ice growth, determined via internal pore architectures. Regardless of the freezing coordinates, the longitudinal pore arrangements resulted in submicron-scaled diameters (~50 µm), along with corresponding high biomaterial porosity (~90%). Furthermore, the horizontal + coronal ([Formula: see text]) freezing orientation facilitated the creation of similar structures to major fibers in the periodontal ligament interface. This periodontal tissue-mimicking microenvironment is a potential tissue platform for the generation of naturally oriented ligamentous tissues consistent with periodontal ligament neogenesis.
The Impacts of the Voice Change, Grade Level, and Experience on the Singing Self-Efficacy of Emerging Adolescent Males
Authors: Fisher Ryan A.
Published: September 2014

The purposes of the study are to describe characteristics of the voice change in sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade choir students using Cooksey’s voice-change classification system and to determine if the singing self-efficacy of adolescent males is affected by the voice change, grade level, and experience. Participants ( N = 80) consisted of volunteer sixth-grade, seventh-grade, and eighth-grade males enrolled in a public school choral program. Participants completed the Singing Self-Efficacy Scale for Emerging Adolescent Males (SSES). After completing the SSES, participants were individually audio-recorded performing simple vocal exercises to attain each boy’s vocal range. Results revealed that 45% of sixth-grade participants, 48.15% of seventh-grade participants, and 87.88% of eighth-grade participants were classified as changing voices. Results of a three-way between-subjects ANOVA revealed no main effect for voice-change stage or grade level. A main effect was found for experience, favoring participants with 3 or more years of experience in choir. No statistically significant interactions were found.
Can Politicians Afford Knowledge? Evidence as Affordance in New Governance Oversight Arrangements
Authors: Watson Patrick G.
Published: September 2014

How do politicians see constituencies? Various academics have furnished elected officials with effective evidence of activities on the assumption that “better” information inevitably leads to better decisions. I propose we consider official information as seeings. I discuss how constituencies are seen or made sense of in a municipal scrutiny committee meeting in England. Using the notion of “affordance,” I will discuss not only how official evidence affords a perspective but also how that perspective is not reflective of the full spectrum of evidence that decision-makers may rely on to perform effectively.
When do deliberative citizens change their opinions? Evidence from the Irish Citizens’ Assembly
Authors: Suiter Jane , Farrell David M , O’Malley Eoin
Published: September 2014

Many claims have been made for the impact of deliberative democracy in generating change in people’s opinions, and often in predictable ways. It is claimed that people involved in deliberation change their minds on important issues. We also know that political participation and attitudes towards certain issues depend on political knowledge and civic education. To what extent are these linked? Do certain types of people react differently to their involvement in deliberation and is opinion change contingent on the varying capacities and knowledge of participants? Using data from a nationwide exercise in deliberative democracy carried out in Ireland we find some evidence that the ‘deliberative’ citizen, or at least the citizen most likely to shift opinion following deliberation, is under 65, with median levels of knowledge. We also find that heterogeneous groups are important for deliberation to be effective.
Urban regeneration companies and their institutional setting: Prevailing instabilities within the West Midlands, England
Authors: Henderson Steven R
Published: September 2014

Urban regeneration companies were adopted by the UK government during the 2000s as a property-orientated economic development initiative. Compared to earlier urban development corporations, urban regeneration companies lacked dedicated funding and depended upon the planning and regeneration capabilities of partner agencies. Evaluative perspectives on urban regeneration companies have often been favourable, though the depth and breadth of analysis has been limited, particularly beyond three core city pilots. Outstanding institutionalist questions remain about the diverse settings within which urban regeneration companies operated and their relationship with local authorities. Drawing on interviews this paper investigates the reasons for and operation of three West Midlands-based urban regeneration companies, all within the de-industrialising Black Country sub-region. Rather than early support for government steering towards partnership working, attention is drawn to evidence of pragmatism, resistance and compromise. The potential for local institutional dynamics to influence the stability of regeneration initiatives is then acknowledged as illustrated by officer level tensions associated with existing projects, experiential learning and ground level outcomes. Compared to prevailing urban regeneration company perspectives, the Black Country urban regeneration companies lost momentum prior to national austerity. Future questions remain about appropriate forms of regeneration within smaller settlements with problematic industrial legacies and the capacity of local authorities to advance collaborative forms of regeneration.
Family Socioeconomic Status and Academic Achievement Among Korean Adolescents
Authors: Bae Dayoung , Wickrama K. A. S.
Published: September 2014

This study examined pathways through which family socioeconomic status may influence adolescents’ academic achievement. We focused on parental monitoring and adolescents’ after-school time-use patterns as linking mechanisms. Participants were 441 twelve- to fourteen-year-old Korean adolescents who participated in the Korea Welfare Panel Study. Higher family economic pressure was linked with lower parental monitoring through elevated levels of parental depression. Parental monitoring was associated with more time spent in structured learning-oriented activities and less time spent in unstructured nonacademic activities. Both types of time-use activities and parental monitoring were associated with academic achievement. The results supported both the family stress model and the family investment model, indicating that families’ socioeconomic conditions were directly and indirectly linked to adolescents’ academic achievement. The findings are discussed in the context of Korean culture, which emphasizes high parental involvement and economic investment in children’s education. We also present broader implications beyond the local context.
Predictors of Consideration of Labiaplasty
Authors: Sharp Gemma , Tiggemann Marika , Mattiske Julie
Published: September 2014

Our study investigated predictors of consideration of labiaplasty (the surgical reduction of the labia) using a sociocultural framework. A sample of 351 heterosexual adult Australian women aged 18–69 years completed measures of media exposure, peer influence, relationship quality, internalisation of the genital ideal, genital appearance comparison, genital appearance dissatisfaction, and consideration of labiaplasty. Almost all predictor variables were significantly correlated with consideration of labiaplasty. A structural equation model based on the Tripartite Influence Model focused on beauty ideals showed a good level of fit to the data: The effects of media exposure and peer influence on genital appearance dissatisfaction and consideration of labiaplasty were mediated by internalisation of the genital ideal and genital appearance comparison. We concluded that media exposure, peer influence, and relationship quality influenced consideration of labiaplasty both directly and indirectly. The results contribute to a greater understanding of the sociocultural motivations behind labiaplasty and also demonstrate an important extension of the Tripartite Influence Model beyond the explanation of disordered eating behaviours to the consideration of a specific form of cosmetic surgery. The development of media literacy programmes may be beneficial in addressing genital appearance concerns in young girls.
Hip Range of Motion and Association With Injury in Female Professional Tennis Players
Authors: Young Simon W. , Dakic Jodie , Stroia Kathleen , Nguyen Michael L. , Harris Alex H.S. , Safran Marc R.
Published: September 2014

Background:

Adequate hip range of motion is required for the transfer of energy from the lower to the upper extremity along the kinetic chain. Repetitive rotational stresses in the lower extremities during tennis may lead to sport-specific range of motion adaptations, which may increase the risk of injury to other joints along the kinetic chain.

Purpose:

To assess whether such range of motion adaptations occur in the hip, and if so, to identify whether they are associated with injury.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 125 female professional tennis players, the majority of whom were ranked in the top 200 World Tennis Association singles rankings, underwent a comprehensive preparticipation physical health status examination. Hip range of motion was assessed using a digital inclinometer and side-to-side differences in rotational parameters calculated, and associations with previous injuries were identified.

Results:

A history of an abdominal strain was reported by 10% of players, and there was an association between abdominal strains and the presence of hip flexion contractures (odds ratio, 6.1; P = .006). Hip flexion contractures were bilateral in 85% of those found, affected only the nondominant side in 9%, and affected only the dominant side in 6%. We were unable to identify any specific side-to-side rotational adaptations in the dominant or nondominant hips, and no association between loss of hip range of motion and shoulder, lower back, hip, knee, or ankle injuries was found.

Conclusion:

We report an association in female professional tennis players between abdominal strains and flexion contractures of the hip with iliopsoas tightness. We did not find evidence of specific hip adaptations in rotational range of motion. If hip flexion contractures are found on clinical examination, a stretching program may be indicated. Further studies are required to assess whether such a program can reduce the risk of abdominal injury.
Hypomyelination, Hypodontia, Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (4H) Syndrome With Vertebral Anomalies
Authors: Muthusamy Karthik , Sudhakar Sniya V. , Yoganathan Sangeetha , Thomas Maya Mary , Alexander Mathew
Published: September 2014

Hypomyelination, hypodontia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (4H) syndrome is a rare hypomyelination disorder with around 40 cases reported worldwide. Children with hypomyelination, hypodontia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism syndrome present with varying degrees of developmental delay with a spastic ataxic syndrome with delayed eruption of teeth along with disruption in the eruption sequence, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and a fluctuating clinical course with intercurrent infections and varying periods of stability. The disorder is caused by mutations in POL3A and POL3B genes and is collectively termed as pol III–related leukodystrophies. Here we describe 2 children with hypomyelination, hypodontia, hypogonadotropic, hypogonadism syndrome and the association of multiple vertebral fusion anomalies in one of them, which has not been previously described in the literature. We conclude that the spectrum of the disorder is not limited to brain parenchyma alone and involves all the structures arising from neural ectoderm, and this needs further research.
Challenging Dominant Discourses on Abortion From a Radical Feminist Standpoint
Authors: Gilbert Indira , Sewpaul Vishanthie
Published: September 2014

The article, which is based on the narratives of 15 women in the Durban metropolitan area, contests liberal feminist views of abortion resting on the free choice of women. Adopting a radical feminist standpoint, it locates the abortion decision within structural constraints on women’s lives, raising the relationship between socioeconomic freedom and women’s reproductive health choices. The article also contests the popular pro-life/pro-choice dichotomy, interrogates the influence of popular pronatalism and discourses on motherhood on women’s choices, and highlights feminist relational ethical thinking that underscores women’s choices even as they acknowledge principled ethical concerns around the sanctity of life.
Islamic Traditions of Modernity
Authors: Khurshid Ayesha
Published: September 2014

Women’s education has been central to discourses that have sought to modernize developing and Muslim societies. Based on ethnographic data collected from women teachers from rural and low-income communities of Pakistan, the article shows how being a parhi likhi (educated) woman implies acquiring a privileged subject position making claims to middle-class and Islamic morality, and engaging in specific struggles within, rather than against, the institutions of family, community, and Islam. This focus on the lived experiences of educated Muslim women complicates the prevalent narrative of modernity that presents women’s education and gender empowerment as an expression of individual women’s choice and free will against the oppressive frameworks of family, community, and Islam.
Friendship and gender identity among girls in a multicultural setting in Oslo
Authors: Rysst Mari
Published: September 2014

Based in ethnographic fieldwork during 2010–2014, this article discusses friendship ties and construction of gender identity among girls in a multicultural context in Oslo. The article shows how gender construction is influenced by ethnicity, religion and sexuality. Three gender identities are constant throughout the period: ‘Norwegian’, ‘ethnic-religious’ and ‘hybrid’, which are analysed through the postcolonial concepts of third space, resilience, reworking and resistance. As puberty develops, so does awareness of the Muslim-inspired covering-up code. As such, the text illustrates a dialectical relationship between physical bodies and cultural practices, as well as between gendered subjectivity and gender identity.
International actors in NIMBY controversies: Obstacle or opportunity for environmental campaigns?
Authors: Benjamins Malte P.
Published: September 2014

The present case study examines whether international actors constitute an obstacle or opportunity for environmental campaigns against the siting of controversial facilities. Drawing upon field research carried out in Beijing, China, from 4 March until 10 April 2013, this article investigates the siting of the Nangong waste incinerator between the project’s announcement (2010) and conclusion of planning (2013). Specifically, this article studies the relations between a group of local environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) and the German state-owned development bank Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau while grounding its inquiry in propositions based on a reading of fragmented authoritarianism. In the course of the analysis, it is suggested that the small potential for de-escalating tensions in the ENGO–international actor alliance is dwarfed by ENGOs’ excessive expectations projected upon international actors, competition over narratives as well as a limited scope for political manoeuvring as a result of diplomatic, contractual and commercial obligations. Consequently, the involvement of international actors in NIMBY (not in my backyard) controversies does not present an opportunity for environmental campaigns.
Finite element simulation and experimental investigation of friction stir processing of Polyamide 6
Authors: Zinati Reza Farshbaf , Razfar Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2014

In this article, Deform© three-dimensional package was used to develop a numerical model for friction stir process of Polyamide 6 based on Lagrangian incremental formulation, and additional experiments were done to verify this objective. For this purpose, the friction stir process was used to disperse the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes among the polymer matrix of Polyamide 6 homogeneously. Thermo-mechanical properties, for example, effective plastic strain distribution and material flow together with temperature, were successfully predicted for friction stir processing of Polyamide 6. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the properties of fabricated nano-composite. According to the results, multi-walled carbon nano-tubes were homogeneously and straightly dispersed throughout Polyamide 6. The straight and non-curved dispersion of multi-walled carbon nano-tubes results in the growth of their reinforcement capability. Comparing the result of simulation and experimental friction stir process refers to good agreement between simulation predictions and actual observations. Temperature distribution study shows that the peak temperature appears at the interface of tool-shoulder/work-piece and the temperature distribution on the interacted surface is asymmetric. On the other hand, the analysis of effective plastic strain indicates that the material shearing of advancing side is higher than that of the retreating zone.
Effect of velocity profile on instability of the viscoelastic liquid sheet
Authors: Duan Runze , Chen Zhiying , Liu Liansheng
Published: September 2014

A linear analysis method has been used to investigate the instability behavior of the viscoelastic liquid sheets moving in the surrounding ambient gas. The gas boundary layer thickness and the liquid sheet velocity profile were taken into account. The effects of gas and liquid viscosity on the growth rate were revealed. The governing equations were obtained through analysis of the liquid and gas domain and solved using the spectral method. The viscoelastic rheological parameters and some flow parameters have been tested to investigate their influences on the instability of the viscoelastic liquid sheets. The results reveal that the disturbances grow faster for the viscoelastic liquid sheet than Newtonian one with identical viscosity. Moreover, the increases of Weber number, elasticity number, gas Reynolds number, and momentum flux ratio can accelerate the breakup of the viscoelastic liquid sheet. However, the increases of time constant ratio, boundary layer thickness, and liquid Reynolds number have the opposite effects.
Estimation of Simplified General Perturbations model 4 orbital elements from global positioning system data by invasive weed optimization algorithm
Authors: Bolandi H , Ashtari Larki MH , Sedighy SH , Zeighami MS , Esmailzadeh M
Published: September 2014

In this paper, a novel approach is introduced to estimate the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD)-type two-line elements (TLE) data based on the invasive weed optimization (IWO) method, which is a stochastic numerical optimization algorithm inspired by colonizing weeds. Many satellite applications use the NORAD Simplified General Perturbations model 4 (SGP4) for satellite position prediction. The input of SGP4 consists of TLEs which are published via NORAD freely through the worldwide web. Since it is generated irregular, a new TLE which is independent of NORAD is required to access data about the satellite location each time. An alternative to independent computation of TLE can be made feasible by the existing emersion of GPS receivers in the space project and using IWO. Using this stochastic algorithm increases the success probability to find a more accurate TLE. The estimation is performed for six Keplerian orbital elements and SGP4 drag term ( B*) by using the satellite position data achieved from the GPS receiver. Also, the feasibility study of the concept is performed by using the actual GPS data of CHAMP and corresponding NORAD TLE. The time length of the GPS data used in the estimation is studied for practical application purposes. The results show that 500 samples of position data, with 1-min time intervals, are sufficient to keep the position error within 10 km in 3 days after epoch time in orbital elements with known drag term estimation. Moreover, for orbital elements with drag term estimation, 1000 samples of position, with 1-min time intervals, are sufficient to keep the position error within 15 km in 3 days after epoch time. If there is no considerable constraint for position-data time-length or time available for performing numerical computations, the estimated TLE can be more accurate than corresponding NORAD TLE.
White Matter Morphometric Changes Uniquely Predict Children’s Reading Acquisition
Authors: Myers Chelsea A. , Vandermosten Maaike , Farris Emily A. , Hancock Roeland , Gimenez Paul , Black Jessica M. , Casto Brandi , Drahos Miroslav , Tumber Mandeep , Hendren Robert L. , Hulme Charles , Hoeft Fumiko
Published: September 2014

This study examined whether variations in brain development between kindergarten and Grade 3 predicted individual differences in reading ability at Grade 3. Structural MRI measurements indicated that increases in the volume of two left temporo-parietal white matter clusters are unique predictors of reading outcomes above and beyond family history, socioeconomic status, and cognitive and preliteracy measures at baseline. Using diffusion MRI, we identified the left arcuate fasciculus and superior corona radiata as key fibers within the two clusters. Bias-free regression analyses using regions of interest from prior literature revealed that volume changes in temporo-parietal white matter, together with preliteracy measures, predicted 56% of the variance in reading outcomes. Our findings demonstrate the important contribution of developmental differences in areas of left dorsal white matter, often implicated in phonological processing, as a sensitive early biomarker for later reading abilities, and by extension, reading difficulties.
Beyond the treatment effect: Evaluating the effects of patient preferences in randomised trials
Authors: Walter SD , Turner R , Macaskill P , McCaffery KJ , Irwig L
Published: September 2014

The treatments under comparison in a randomised trial should ideally have equal value and acceptability – a position of equipoise – to study participants. However, it is unlikely that true equipoise exists in practice, because at least some participants may have preferences for one treatment or the other, for a variety of reasons. These preferences may be related to study outcomes, and hence affect the estimation of the treatment effect. Furthermore, the effects of preferences can sometimes be substantial, and may even be larger than the direct effect of treatment. Preference effects are of interest in their own right, but they cannot be assessed in the standard parallel group design for a randomised trial. In this paper, we describe a model to represent the impact of preferences on trial outcomes, in addition to the usual treatment effect. In particular, we describe how outcomes might differ between participants who would choose one treatment or the other, if they were free to do so. Additionally, we investigate the difference in outcomes depending on whether or not a participant receives his or her preferred treatment, which we characterise through a so-called preference effect. We then discuss several study designs that have been proposed to measure and exploit data on preferences, and which constitute alternatives to the conventional parallel group design. Based on the model framework, we determine which of the various preference effects can or cannot be estimated with each design. We also illustrate these ideas with some examples of preference designs from the literature.
“We’ve Got to Break Down the Shame”
Authors: Scholz Brett , Crabb Shona , Wittert Gary A.
Published: September 2014

News articles play a role in reproducing or challenging stigma. Stigma, in turn, can be a barrier to men’s mental health help seeking. We used discursive analytic principles to analyze portrayals of men’s communication about depression in news articles over a 5-year period. We found that news articles depicted men who were open about depression as experiencing positive outcomes such as recovery. Such depictions might challenge stigma associated with talking about mental health concerns. However, some articles problematically positioned depressed men as individually responsible for defying stigma and achieving recovery. We suggest that portraying depression as something that impacts a plurality of men is one way that media messages might dispel stigma. We drew recommendations from the findings about the language that could be used by media, mental health campaigns, and health service providers to mitigate the impact of stigma on men’s mental health help seeking.
Samoan Body and Soul
Authors: Cassel Kevin D. , Braun Kathryn , Ka’opua Lana , Soa Fuamaila , Nigg Claudio
Published: September 2014

Obesity-associated chronic diseases persist in Samoan populations in the United States. Samoans and African Americans share cultural similarities such as church affiliation, perceptions of weight and body size, and obesity-related health risks. Adapting an effective energy balance intervention originally designed for African Americans—Body and Soul—might be useful in reducing obesity among U.S. Samoans. To determine potential attractiveness and adaptations, we used aspects of grounded theory to analyze key-informant and focus group interviews with 31 purposively selected Samoans in Hawaii. We incorporated participatory features into the research with Samoan community members conducting parts of the study. From interview narratives, we identified relevant themes from Samoan culture, such as fa’aSamoa or the Samoan way, and specific energy balance activities to include in an obesity and cancer prevention intervention for U.S.-dwelling Samoans. Our findings describe methods to address health disparities by incorporating culturally appropriate health concepts into existing evidence-based interventions.
Effect of Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction on Unipedal Standing Balance Test
Authors: Kulig Kornelia , Lee Szu-Ping , Reischl Stephen F. , Noceti-DeWit Lisa
Published: September 2014

Background:

Foot pain and diminished functional capacity are characteristics of tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction (TPTD). This study tested the hypotheses that women with TPTD would have impaired performance of a unipedal standing balance test (USBT) and that balance performance would be related to the number of single limb heel raises (SLHR).

Methods:

Thirty-nine middle-aged women, 19 with early stage TPTD (stage I and II), were instructed to perform 2 tasks; a USBT and repeated SLHR. Balance success was defined as a 10-second stance. For those who were successful, center of pressure (COP) data in anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions were recorded as a measure of postural sway. SLHR performance was divided into 3 bins (≤2; 3-9 and > 10 repetitions). The between-balance success on performing the SLHR test was analyzed using the Fisher’s exact test (2 × 3). Independent t tests were used to compare between-group differences in postural sway. Relationship of postural sway to the number of heel raises was assessed using Spearman’s rho.

Results:

The success rate of the USBT was significantly lower in women with TPTD than the controls (47% vs 85%, P = .041). In addition, women with TPTD who completed the USBT exhibited increased AP COP displacement (14.0 ± 7.4 vs 8.4 ± 1.3 mm, P = .008), and a strong trend of increased ML COP displacement (8.3 ± 4.5 vs 6.1 ± 1.2 mm, P = .050). The success rate of USBT was correlated with the number of SLHR ( P = .01). The AP and ML COP displacement were correlated with SLHR ( r = −.538 and .495), respectively.

Conclusions:

Women with TPTD have difficulty in performing the USBT. Performance of the USBT and SLHR are highly correlated and predictive of each other.

Clinical Relevance:

A unipedal balance test may be used as a proxy TPTD assessment tool to the heel raising test when pain prevents performance.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, case control study.
A methodology for damping measurement of engineering materials: application to a structure under bending and torsion loading
Authors: Pérez-Peña Armando , García-Granada Andrés A , Menacho Joaquín , Molins José J , Reyes Guillermo
Published: September 2014

A new method to calculate damping properties of rigid materials to be used in Finite Elements calculations is presented. Its relevance relies in its simplicity regarding the amount of materials data, mathematical treatment and experimental equipment needed. Its application allows more realistic calculation of mechanical parts and structures under dynamic loading. In most of those calculations very unreal assumptions are done when simulating with Finite Elements software to assure stability of the solution. The main reason for that situation is the lack of information of damping properties of materials in databases and the complexity of the reported methodology to calculate or measure them. Another reason is the common development time for new products in industry encouraging engineers to quickly evaluate mechanical performance of the product. Recommendations to select initial parameters are presented. Critical parameters to achieve good mathematical fits of the experimental data are identified. Theoretical treatment, fitting algorithm and experimental procedure are described and proved. Several materials: plastics and ferrous and nonferrous metals are studied to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. Finally, the method is proved in a complex hyperstatic three-dimensional structure under dynamic loading; including working under resonance conditions. Results obtained prove the validity of the method and its application to real world situations.
Attempting an Affirmative Approach to American Broadcasting
Authors: Huntsberger Michael W.
Published: September 2014

The Public Telecommunications Facilities Program (PTFP) was the largest source of capital funding for U.S. public broadcasters for nearly fifty years. Between 1963 and 2010, the PTFP distributed more than $800 million to support the construction of public broadcasting facilities. Though the PTFP itself was generally noncontroversial, the fortunes of the program were complicated by the partisan politics of public broadcasting and federal fiscal policy. This study provides evidence of the ambiguous and contingent nature of the American approach to public broadcasting, and demonstrates some of the problems associated with affirmative efforts by government to advance public communication.
Safe domain for projectile trajectories in a medium with quadratic drag force
Authors: Arenas Alberto , Ciaurri Óscar
Published: September 2014

In this paper we provide an expression for the border of the safe domain associated with projectile trajectories in a medium with a quadratic drag force. The curve defining the safe domain is given in parametric coordinates involving some integrals. These integrals have to be evaluated numerically after solving an integral equation. We show that not all the trajectories are necessary to obtain the safe domain.
Past, Present, or Future? Managers’ Temporal Orientations and Corporate Climate Action in the Swedish Electricity Sector
Authors: Sarasini Steven , Jacob Merle
Published: September 2014

Existing research shows that corporate climate actions are the result of public policies and a limited range of other factors that can influence business strategy. Managers are depicted as lacking agency in that they passively adhere to “drivers” of climate actions, with little room for autonomy. This study takes issue with such a view by examining agency vis-à-vis managers’ temporal orientations. In particular, we seek to examine why managers adopt certain temporal orientations and not others in the context of the climate issue and Swedish electricity production. We find that whilst managers are predominantly focused on future policy developments, they also deliberate over, reconstruct, and in some cases actively refute other pressures for climate action that were borne in the past, feature in the present, and which relate to alternative future projections. We further examine reasons for such behaviour.
Association between market concentration of hospitals and patient health gain following hip replacement surgery
Authors: Feng Yan , Pistollato Michele , Charlesworth Anita , Devlin Nancy , Propper Carol , Sussex Jon
Published: September 2014

Objectives

To assess the association between market concentration of hospitals (as a proxy for competition) and patient-reported health gains after elective primary hip replacement surgery.

Methods

Patient Reported Outcome Measures data linked to NHS Hospital Episode Statistics in England in 2011/12 were used to analyse the association between market concentration of hospitals measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and health gains for 337 hospitals.

Results

The association between market concentration and patient gain in health status measured by the change in Oxford Hip Score (OHS) after primary hip replacement surgery was not statistically significant at the 5% level both for the average patient and for those with more than average severity of hip disease (OHS worse than average). For 12,583 (49.1%) patients with an OHS before hip replacement surgery better than the mean, a one standard deviation increase in the HHI, equivalent to a reduction of about one hospital in the local market, was associated with a 0.104 decrease in patients’ self-reported improvement in OHS after surgery, but this was not statistically significant at the 5% level.

Conclusions

Hospital market concentration (as a proxy for competition) appears to have no significant influence (at the 5% level) on the outcome of elective primary hip replacement. The generalizability of this finding needs to be investigated.
Gender reassignment surgery in the 18th century: A case study
Authors: Warren Carol AB
Published: September 2014

In 1779, Mr Thomas Brand surgically reassigned the gender of a seven-year-old child from female to male, thus enabling him to urinate standing up, wear trousers, and enjoy the privileges of being a male. This case study, published in London in 1787, illuminates 18th-century debates over gender, sexual ambiguity, and medical theories and practices. Mr Brand, Surgeon, uses his case study to claim that the body is two-sexed, and that hermaphrodism is a fiction. He proposes that the anatomical knowledge and practices of surgeons such as himself are superior to those of higher-status physicians. Mr Brand does not have a lot to say about his patient or her/his parents, except to conclude that if the patient had been of the upper classes, the case would have been a lot more interesting.
‘I never felt like she was just doing it for the money’: Disabled men’s intimate (gendered) realities of purchasing sexual pleasure and intimacy
Authors: Liddiard Kirsty
Published: September 2014

Scholarly enquiry into the interrelationships of disability and commercial sex remains seriously under-represented within disability and sexuality research. This article, however, draws upon the sexual stories of heterosexual disabled men in order to explore their embodied realities of purchasing of sex, pleasure and intimacy from non-disabled female sex workers. A thematic analysis of these sexual stories revealed multiple and complex motivations for, and experiences of, purchasing of sex, pleasure and intimacy; a purchase ultimately shaped by men’s social and political positioning as disabled and, as with the motivations and experiences of heterosexual non-disabled men, by discourses of hegemonic masculinity and heteronormative sexuality. Given the dearth of research in this area, a number of questions are identified which make important contributions to transdisciplinary knowledges of disabled sexualities, commercial sex work and disabled sexual citizenship.
On attachment and belonging: Or why queers mourn homophobic president?
Authors: Kulpa Robert
Published: September 2014

In this article I ask why gay and lesbian people in Poland mourned their infamously homophobic president Lech Kaczynski, and, in turn, what it means to mourn one's own enemy. In examining this extraordinary case of national bereavement and the collective performance of grief, I point to complex models of attachment that position Polish homosexual subjects in a locus where they are able to enter the national discourse as subjects, and not only as abjects. I stress the role of identification rather than identity, relationality, processuality and performativity in understanding the relations between nationhood and homosexuality. Homosexual subjects attaining the rituals of national bereavement break the chains of interlinked subject positions and social expectations. In doing so, nationhood is rendered a “hybrid” space of identification for the homosexual subject. Consequently, mourning becomes an act of “queering” the nation, a wilful subversion of culturally and traditionally sanctioned performative recollections of nationhood (Polishness).
Arctic indigenous youth resilience and vulnerability: Comparative analysis of adolescent experiences across five circumpolar communities
Authors: Ulturgasheva Olga , Rasmus Stacy , Wexler Lisa , Nystad Kristine , Kral Michael
Published: September 2014

Arctic peoples today find themselves on the front line of rapid environmental change brought about by globalizing forces, shifting climates, and destabilizing physical conditions. The weather is not the only thing undergoing rapid change here. Social climates are intrinsically connected to physical climates, and changes within each have profound effects on the daily life, health, and well-being of circumpolar indigenous peoples. This paper describes a collaborative effort between university researchers and community members from five indigenous communities in the circumpolar north aimed at comparing the experiences of indigenous Arctic youth in order to come up with a shared model of indigenous youth resilience. The discussion introduces a sliding scale model that emerged from the comparative data analysis. It illustrates how a “sliding scale” of resilience captures the inherent dynamism of youth strategies for “doing well” and what forces represent positive and negative influences that slide towards either personal and communal resilience or vulnerability. The model of the sliding scale is designed to reflect the contingency and interdependence of resilience and vulnerability and their fluctuations between lowest and highest points based on timing, local situation, larger context, and meaning.
Strategies of persuasion in letters of complaint in academic context: The case of Jordanian university students’ complaints
Authors: Al-Momani Kawakib Radwan
Published: September 2014

This study provides a critical discourse analysis of letters of complaint by Jordanian university students. It aims to investigate the rhetorical pattern in these letters and explore the main strategies students use to express their dissatisfaction about certain issues and persuade the addressee to take action. To this end, permissions were obtained to collect data from two universities in Jordan: Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) and World University of Islamic Studies and Education (WISE). The data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively through two analytic frameworks within critical discourse analysis (CDA): genre analysis to investigate the rhetorical (i.e. organizational) pattern of complaint letters, and discursive analysis to investigate the main strategies of persuasion. These strategies were then categorized according to Aristotle’s means of persuasion: ‘ethos’, ‘logos’ and ‘pathos’. The analysis showed that written complaint was a distinctive genre with distinctive moves. It also revealed that persuasion by means of pathos was more prevalent than the other two types. Socio-cultural values have been shown to be so powerful in Jordanian society even in neutral situations such as academic context. This study will hopefully contribute to the fields of genre analysis and CDA in cross-cultural communication.
Dynamic interaction of the monorail–bridge system using a combined finite element multibody-based model
Authors: Naeimi Meysam , Tatari Meisam , Esmaeilzadeh Amin , Mehrali Mohammad
Published: September 2014

To assess the dynamic behavior of monorail–bridge system, an innovative model of train–guideway interaction has been developed based on multibody dynamics and finite element simulation. A finite element model of guideway structure for a particular monorail system is built up using parametric design language, considering a specific length of straddle monorail line in three dimensions. Both straight and curved track geometries are modeled to simulate the actual bridge infrastructure. Flexible elements are adopted for the guideway beams consisting of reinforced concrete profiles to increase the accuracy of the numerical simulations in a more realistic way. The bridge model indeed, is simulated using a beam-frame structure of composite steel–concrete material. A multibody simulation of monorail vehicle is then introduced using the commercial multibody software MSC Adams. The three-dimensional multibody model of the monorail vehicle together with the bridge subassemblies is eventually implemented in multibody environment. The entire dynamic model of the vehicle-track system consists of all flexible and rigid body elements. Dynamic responses of the vehicle and bridge system are then extracted for different loading conditions. The proposed numerical model is validated using some dynamic simulation results of the system from the vehicle manufacturer in the selected case study. The model is further verified against several analytical and measurement results reported in the literature both for straight and curved track configurations. The result of dynamic simulations gives an overview about the dynamic forces and reactions that can appear in bridge structure due to the train movement.
Stress analysis of welded joints in internal stiffener rings in an aluminum cylinder
Authors: Rasti A , Sattarifar I , Salehi M , Karimnia V
Published: September 2014

Structural weight is one of the key criteria for vessels used in marine industries. The use of stiffeners and stringers strengthens the structure with the addition of a minimum weight. In cylindrical pressure vessels under hydrostatic pressure, mostly ring-type stiffeners are used. In order to join a stiffener ring to the vessel, welding is a conventional method. However, this process generates welding residual stresses and distortions, which can be added to external loads and cause structural failure. This study aims to develop a comprehensive simulation tool to predict distortions and residual stresses generated due to fillet-welded stiffener ring on an aluminum cylinder. Therefore, a hybrid numerical simulation approach has been employed. The simulation strategy has been implemented by using finite element software ANSYS enhanced with a number of subroutines. Results showed that the stiffener ring changes distortion trend in all orientation, especially in the radial direction with a reduction up to 15% in stiffener ring position. On the other hand, the radial residual stress was negligible and the hoop residual stress was tensile in the fillet weld region, with half of the base metal tensile strength magnitude, except in the start and the end of weld. Moreover, the axial residual stresses in the weld region on inner and outer surface of vessel in stiffener ring position were tensile and compressive, respectively.