bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Connecting with Nature: Tadabur Alam and its Effect on Islamic Value Learning
Authors: Hasanah Ida Faridatul , Istiqomah  , Hasanah Uswatun , Budiman Haris
Published: January 2024

This research aims to explore the influence of the implementation of the Tadabur Alam learning model on the learning outcomes of the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subject. The research method employed is a quantitative approach to statistically identify the impact of Tadabur Alam on the improvement of PAI learning outcomes. The study was conducted at SMKS Miftahul Ulum, Bandar Lampung, involving an experimental group receiving instruction using the Tadabur Alam model and a control group undergoing conventional learning. The population for this study consisted of 190 students, and the sample selected comprised two randomly chosen classes of Grade X students. Class X.1 served as the control group with 30 students, while Class X.2 served as the experimental group with 30 students.The results of the data analysis using statistical tests revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Students engaged in Tadabur Alam learning exhibited substantial improvement compared to the control group. These findings indicate that the quantitative application of Tadabur Alam has a positive impact on enhancing PAI learning outcomes, particularly for students with a background of low academic achievement. Consequently, it can be concluded that the Tadabur Alam learning model is one that can be adopted to improve PAI learning outcomes, especially among students facing academic challenges. The practical implications of these findings provide a foundation for the development of more inclusive and adaptive teaching methods within the context of Islamic education.
Islam Integrated Science Module Development for Integrated Islam School
Authors: Engelina Siregar Kardina
Published: January 2024

This study aims to produce teaching material products in the form of Islamic integrated science modules on the characteristics and needs of living things in the hope of knowing the feasibility, the potential for increasing pretest-posttest scores, and the practicality of the products that have been developed. The development uses the ADDIE pattern, which consists of 5 stages, namely: analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation. Based on the results of the analysis, the validity percentage results were 72.85%; 90.2 %; 95.8 %; 84.2% of the validators are learning material experts, media experts, imtaq experts and field practitioner experts with valid criteria. Based on the results of the analysis, the average score of the students’ pretest was 83.25 and 93.75 in the posttest, which indicated that student learning outcomes had increased. Based on the validation results obtained, it can be concluded that the integrated Islamic science module on the characteristics and needs of living things is feasible to use.
Eco-Theology; Habits and Lifestyle of Santri in Indonesian Islamic Boarding Schools
Authors: Romdloni Muhammad Afwan , Fitriyah Fifi Khoirul , Djazilan Muhammad Sukron , Taufiq Muhammad
Published: January 2024

This article examines how the intersection of eco-theological concepts influences the attitudes and behavior of students to be environmentally conscious. This explores the gap in the role of religion in efforts to protect the environment which are still considered insignificant. This study uses a qualitative method by interviewing 20 students at one of the Islamic boarding schools in Surabaya who have applied eco-theology in Islamic boarding school education. Even though in concept religion has an influence on health, this is limited and focused on internalizing the concept of eco-theology in students. The results of this study show a pretty good improvement for students who do understand the concept of eco-theology, and this is one of the efforts to overcome environmental problems from a religious perspective, especially in Islamic boarding schools.
QR Code System for Plant Identification at Raden Intan Lampung State Islamic University
Authors: Pratiwi Mala , Asyhari Ardian , Komikesari Happy
Published: January 2024

The Raden Intan Lampung State Islamic University, recognized as the 8th Most Sustainable University in Indonesia, is notable for its verdant campus characterized by lush and well-preserved vegetation. Despite this, there exists a significant gap in student and visitor awareness regarding the campus’s diverse plant species. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by facilitating rapid and accessible plant identification through a novel system. Conducted within the university’s premises in Bandar Lampung, Lampung Province, the research utilized the Diffusion of Science and Technology (IPTEK) methodology. The developed system integrates QR Code technology with a web-based interface. When a QR Code associated with a plant is scanned using a smartphone scanner, it redirects the user to a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) that leads to a webpage containing detailed information about the plant. Testing outcomes indicate that the system operates effectively, aligning with its intended purpose and significantly aiding students in acquiring information about campus flora.
Inverse data envelopment analysis with production trade-offs
Authors: Lu Jin-Cheng , Li Mei-Juan , Xu Lin-Ming
Published: January 2024

As an important resource allocation and production analysis method, the existing inverse data envelopment analysis (Inverse DEA) methods generally ignore the production trade-offs in the production process. However, in some managerial practice, decision makers (DMs) generally have value judgements concerning the importance of inputs and outputs. These value judgements reflect the production trade-offs of DMs for different inputs and outputs and influence the production process. Therefore, this study investigates the inverse DEA method with production trade-offs. By analyzing the effect of production trade-offs on efficient frontier, this study reveals that the existing methods for identifying the limitations of changed range of inputs and outputs in inverse DEA model under variable returns to scale (VRS) are invalid when considering the production trade-offs, and based on this, the new inverse DEA methods with production trade-offs for resource allocation and production analysis are developed. Moreover, the limitations of changed range of inputs and outputs of the proposed methods are identified, thus avoiding the problem of infeasible solutions. In addition, the application scenarios and practical values of the proposed methods are discussed. Finally, two examples are provided to illustrate the rationality and effectiveness of our approaches.
Optimization of supply and demand matching in supply chain coupling mechanism
Authors: Liu Shuchun , Hong Dongxing , Fu Xiao , Tan Hao
Published: January 2024

The mismatch between supply and demand caused by asymmetry of market information has long been an issue. This paper studies a two-tier supply chain model consisting of automaker and chip suppliers with unstable supply and fluctuating prices. First, an analysis is conducted on how the manufacturer’s order strategy is affected by the supplier’s wholesale price and reliability when the supplier dominates the market. Then a set of supply chain coupling mechanisms is designed to analyze its feasibility in solving the supply shortage issue. Finally, the coupling coefficient is solved to maximize the revenue of the supply chain. Theoretical analysis results show that there is a threshold point for the supplier’s effort cost coefficient, and when the effort cost coefficient exceeds the threshold point, the supply is no longer stable, and it triggers a sharp increase in supply price. This threshold point is affected by the supplier’s production cost, manufacturer’s order quantity, and asymmetry of demand information. According to simulation studies, there is always a supply chain coupling coefficient that optimizes the total benefit of the supply chain. In this coupling coefficient, the supplier’s reliability and the manufacturer’s order quantity reach the maximum. Finally, compared with vertical integration, a coupling mechanism is more advantageous in coordinating the supply chain in the field of high-end chips.
Positive associations fuel soil biodiversity and ecological networks worldwide
Authors: Liu Xu , Chu Haiyan , Godoy Oscar , Fan Kunkun , Gao Gui-Feng , Yang Teng , Ma Yuying , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel
Published: January 2024

Microbial interactions are key to maintaining soil biodiversity. However, whether negative or positive associations govern the soil microbial system at a global scale remains virtually unknown, limiting our understanding of how microbes interact to support soil biodiversity and functions. Here, we explored ecological networks among multitrophic soil organisms involving bacteria, protists, fungi, and invertebrates in a global soil survey across 20 regions of the planet and found that positive associations among both pairs and triads of soil taxa governed global soil microbial networks. We further revealed that soil networks with greater levels of positive associations supported larger soil biodiversity and resulted in lower network fragility to withstand potential perturbations of species losses. Our study provides unique evidence of the widespread positive associations between soil organisms and their crucial role in maintaining the multitrophic structure of soil biodiversity worldwide.
Climate change drives migratory range shift via individual plasticity in shearwaters
Authors: Lewin Patrick J. , Wynn Joe , Arcos José Manuel , Austin Rhiannon E. , Blagrove Josephine , Bond Sarah , Carrasco Gemma , Delord Karine , Fisher-Reeves Lewis , García David , Gillies Natasha , Guilford Tim , Hawkins Isobel , Jaggers Paris , Kirk Christian , Louzao Maite , Maurice Lou , McMinn Miguel , Micol Thierry , Morford Joe , Morgan Greg , Moss Jason , Riera Elisa Miquel , Rodriguez Ana , Siddiqi-Davies Katrina , Weimerskirch Henri , Wynn Russell B. , Padget Oliver
Published: January 2024

How individual animals respond to climate change is key to whether populations will persist or go extinct. Yet, few studies investigate how changes in individual behavior underpin these population-level phenomena. Shifts in the distributions of migratory animals can occur through adaptation in migratory behaviors, but there is little understanding of how selection and plasticity contribute to population range shift. Here, we use long-term geolocator tracking of Balearic shearwaters (
Puffinus mauretanicus
) to investigate how year-to-year changes in individual birds’ migrations underpin a range shift in the post-breeding migration. We demonstrate a northward shift in the post-breeding range and show that this is brought about by individual plasticity in migratory destination, with individuals migrating further north in response to changes in sea-surface temperature. Furthermore, we find that when individuals migrate further, they return faster, perhaps minimizing delays in return to the breeding area. Birds apparently judge the increased distance that they will need to migrate via memory of the migration route, suggesting that spatial cognitive mechanisms may contribute to this plasticity and the resulting range shift. Our study exemplifies the role that individual behavior plays in populations’ responses to environmental change and highlights some of the behavioral mechanisms that might be key to understanding and predicting species persistence in response to climate change.
Structured community transitions explain the switching capacity of microbial systems
Authors: Long Chengyi , Deng Jie , Nguyen Jen , Liu Yang-Yu , Alm Eric J. , Solé Ricard , Saavedra Serguei
Published: January 2024

Microbial systems appear to exhibit a relatively high switching capacity of moving back and forth among few dominant communities (taxon memberships). While this switching behavior has been mainly attributed to random environmental factors, it remains unclear the extent to which internal community dynamics affect the switching capacity of microbial systems. Here, we integrate ecological theory and empirical data to demonstrate that structured community transitions increase the dependency of future communities on the current taxon membership, enhancing the switching capacity of microbial systems. Following a structuralist approach, we propose that each community is feasible within a unique domain in environmental parameter space. Then, structured transitions between any two communities can happen with probability proportional to the size of their feasibility domains and inversely proportional to their distance in environmental parameter space—which can be treated as a special case of the gravity model. We detect two broad classes of systems with structured transitions: one class where switching capacity is high across a wide range of community sizes and another class where switching capacity is high only inside a narrow size range. We corroborate our theory using temporal data of gut and oral microbiota (belonging to class 1) as well as vaginal and ocean microbiota (belonging to class 2). These results reveal that the topology of feasibility domains in environmental parameter space is a relevant property to understand the changing behavior of microbial systems. This knowledge can be potentially used to understand the relevant community size at which internal dynamics can be operating in microbial systems.
Light controls mesophyll-specific post-transcriptional splicing of photoregulatory genes by AtPRMT5
Authors: Yan Yan , Luo Haofei , Qin Yuwei , Yan Tingting , Jia Jinbu , Hou Yifeng , Liu Zhijian , Zhai Jixian , Long Yanping , Deng Xian , Cao Xiaofeng
Published: January 2024

Light plays a central role in plant growth and development, providing an energy source and governing various aspects of plant morphology. Previous study showed that many polyadenylated full-length RNA molecules within the nucleus contain unspliced introns (post-transcriptionally spliced introns, PTS introns), which may play a role in rapidly responding to changes in environmental signals. However, the mechanism underlying post-transcriptional regulation during initial light exposure of young, etiolated seedlings remains elusive. In this study, we used FLEP-seq2, a Nanopore-based sequencing technique, to analyze nuclear RNAs in
Arabidopsis
(
Arabidopsis thaliana
) seedlings under different light conditions and found numerous light-responsive PTS introns. We also used single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to profile transcripts in single nucleus and investigate the distribution of light-responsive PTS introns across distinct cell types. We established that light-induced PTS introns are predominant in mesophyll cells during seedling de-etiolation following exposure of etiolated seedlings to light. We further demonstrated the involvement of the splicing-related factor
A. thaliana
PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE 5 (AtPRMT5), working in concert with the E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1), a critical repressor of light signaling pathways. We showed that these two proteins orchestrate light-induced PTS events in mesophyll cells and facilitate chloroplast development, photosynthesis, and morphogenesis in response to ever-changing light conditions. These findings provide crucial insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying plant acclimation to light at the cell-type level.
Evolution of chirped cosh-Gaussian vortex beam through uniaxial crystal orthogonal to the optical axis
Authors: Bayraktar Mert , Chatzinotas Symeon
Published: January 2024

This paper introduces the chirped cosh-Gaussian vortex beam(CCGVB) and investigates its propagation in uniaxial crystal. The received field is obtained benefiting from the Huygens–Fresnel integral. In addition, analysis of the received field is carried out considering the variations in displacement parameter, chirped parameter, decay factor, and topological charge. Our results show that chirped parameter and decay factors place the beam in an off-axis position. These results can be beneficial for the design of optical communication systems, laser weapons, laser designators, and optical tracking while applying beam shaping.
Machine learning analysis of data obtained by finite element method: a new approach in structural design
Authors: Demircioğlu Ufuk , Bakır Halit , Çakır Mutlu Tarık
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the impact of cutout and added masses on the natural frequencies of a beam structure and employs machine-learning algorithms to predict optimal locations for added masses, achieving desired natural frequency ranges. The evaluation utilizes COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS to analyze a beam structure with cutouts and added mass locations, generating a dataset of original natural frequencies. This dataset is utilized to train machine-learning algorithms, and subsequently tested with desired natural frequencies and cutout locations for forecasting optimal added mass positions. Various machine learning methods are explored, and regression metrics including Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and R-squared are employed to assess performance. Results indicate that the Extra Trees Regressor demonstrates superior performance, yielding RMSE, MSE, and R-squared values of 0.000579, 3.35537e-07, and 0.999948, respectively. Additionally, the study explores the influence of employing different natural frequencies (modes) as inputs for machine-learning algorithms. Findings reveal that increasing the number of utilized modes enhances machine-learning performance, albeit at the expense of computational time. Overall, this research establishes a novel approach, leveraging machine learning to optimize the placement of added masses for achieving desired natural frequency characteristics in beam structures.
Nonlinear dust-ion acoustic solitary waves for collisional electronegative dusty plasma in the presence of trapped electron distribution
Authors: Acharya Num Prasad , Basnet Suresh , Khanal Raju
Published: January 2024

We have investigated the characteristics of nonlinear propagation of dust-ion acoustic solitary waves in collisional electronegative unmagnetized dusty plasma, which consists of trapped electrons, Boltzmann negative ions, mobile positive ions, mobile negative dust particulates, and a uniform background of neutral particles. In account of ion-neutral collisions, the modified Korteweg–de Vries relation has been derived by employing the standard reductive perturbation method. Analytical and numerical solutions of the damped Korteweg–de Vries equation has been presented in which finite difference method is used for numerical solution. On the other hand, the dust charging equation has been solved by using Newton’s Raphson method. It is found that the temperature ratio of free to trapped electrons, ion-neutral collision, concentration of negative ions, dust number density, and dust density perturbation modify the basic properties of the dust-ion acoustic solitary waves. The temporal evolution of dust-ion acoustic solitary waves is crucial as it affects the amplitude and width of wave structure. In addition, the analytical and numerical solutions are compared, and their deviation is graphically illustrated.
Small attenuation negative group delay of spoof surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Li Weiwen , Qiao Qian , Li Wanli
Published: January 2024

Spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) waveguides can be used to effectively construct on-chip microwave systems due to the single-side conductor structure. SSPP waveguides usually exhibit normal dispersion, which can introduce large group delays to transmission signal and impair waveform shapes. However, the negative group velocity (NGV) effect may occur in the split modes of coupled surface plasmon polariton waveguides. In this regard, the synthesis wave model of forward and backward transmission waves is applied, which generates a quadrupole vortex wave transmission. In this paper, the SSPP unit structure with folded multi-split rings is proposed to achieve anomalous dispersion with NGV feature in the fundamental mode. The SSPP unit can be equivalent to an epsilon-negative medium, and a maximum negative group delay (NGD) can be reached at the frequency where the NGV begins to appear. For the corresponding SSPP waveguide, a NGD band with lower attenuation can be achieved at the stopband edge. While the SSPP unit structures are loaded as dispersive materials in a microstip line, the similar NGD performance can be obtained. Clearly, the SSPP NGD with lower attenuation provides a new delay equalization method for ultra reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), and can also be used as an effective dispersion compensation means.
Modeling the dynamical behavior of the interaction of T-cells and human immunodeficiency virus with saturated incidence
Authors: Boulaaras Salah , Jan Rashid , Khan Amin , Allahem Ali , Ahmad Imtiaz , Bahramand Salma
Published: January 2024

In the last forty years, the rise of HIV has undoubtedly become a major concern in the field of public health, imposing significant economic burdens on affected regions. Consequently, it becomes imperative to undertake comprehensive investigations into the mechanisms governing the dissemination of HIV within the human body. In this work, we have devised a mathematical model that elucidates the intricate interplay between CD4+ T-cells and viruses of HIV, employing the principles of fractional calculus. The production rate of CD4+ T-cells, like other immune cells depends on certain factors such as age, health status, and the presence of infections or diseases. Therefore, we incorporate a variable source term in the dynamics of HIV infection with a saturated incidence rate to enhance the precision of our findings. We introduce the fundamental concepts of fractional operators as a means of scrutinizing the proposed HIV model. To facilitate a deeper understanding of our system, we present an iterative scheme that elucidates the trajectories of the solution pathways of the system. We show the time series analysis of our model through numerical findings to conceptualize and understand the key factors of the system. In addition to this, we present the phase portrait and the oscillatory behavior of the system with the variation of different input parameters. This information can be utilized to predict the long-term behavior of the system, including whether it will converge to a steady state or exhibit periodic or chaotic oscillations.
Design and verification of a parallel elastic robotic leg
Authors: Tanfener Emre , Karagöz Osman Kaan , Candan Sinan Şahin , Turgut Ali Emre , Yazıcıoğlu Yiğit , Ankaralı Mustafa Mert , Saranlı Uluç
Published: January 2024

This paper presents the design and experimental verification of a parallel elastic robotic leg mechanism that aims to capture the dynamics of the linear mass-spring-damper model. The mechanism utilizes a wrapping cam mechanism to linearize the non-linear force resulting from the elongation of the parallel elastic element. Firstly, we explain the desired dynamics of the mass-spring-damper model, including the impact transitions, and the design of the wrapping cam mechanism. We then introduce a system identification procedure to estimate the parameters of the leg mechanism corresponding to the dynamic model. The estimated parameters are tested with a cross-validation approach to evaluate the mechanism’s performance in tracking the desired model. The experimental results show that the passive dynamics of the mechanism resemble the linear model as intended. Thus, the robot provides a basis for using parallel elastic actuation while using model-based controllers that benefit the analytic solutions of the linear model.
Duality for a boundary driven asymmetric model of energy transport
Authors: Carinci Gioia , Casini Francesco , Franceschini Chiara
Published: January 2024

We study the asymmetric brownian energy, a model of heat conduction defined on the one-dimensional finite lattice with open boundaries. The system is shown to be dual to the symmetric inclusion process with absorbing boundaries. The proof relies on a non-local map transformation procedure relating the model to its symmetric version. As an application, we show how the duality relation can be used to analytically compute suitable exponential moments with respect to the stationary measure.
Failure analysis steam turbine in sugar factory thermal power plant: a Review
Authors: Balaso Farande Bahubali , Jagtap Hanumant P.
Published: January 2024

Generating electricity from thermal energy is one of the main ways of generating electricity. However, it must be generated in the most efficient and effective way. Due to the urgency of electricity generation, it is essential that it is produced in the most efficient way to minimize losses, maximise output, optimise resource utilisation and reduce overall costs of the power plant. These outputs are even more critical in the current era where sustainability has become the top priority. A thermal power plant is a converter of fossil fuels to electricity in which steam is used during a cycle to spin a turbine driving generator to produce electricity. It is important to maintain a power plant if it runs without failure. Reliability analysis is a standard tool for designing, scheduling and maintaining any system. Reliability of a power plant refers to the ability to generate electricity efficiently and more cost-effectively with an acceptable quality assurance. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of power generation in a sugar factory by steam turbine and the reasons for steam turbine failure. It also analyzes the maintenance models employed to enhance steam turbine availability in thermal power plants.
Recent Trends and advances in deep learning techniques for the classification of landslides using satellite images: comprehensive survey
Authors: Sharma A , Chopra S R , Sapate S G , Bhagawati P B
Published: January 2024

A landslide is a geographical catastrophe that occurs frequently in monsoon season and has a formidable impact over a wide range to pose risks to human lives and infrastructure worldwide. Traditional methods to classify and identify landslides are more time-consuming and less reliable. In the past few years artificial intelligence algorithms mainly, deep learning algorithms were used in many fields to detect and identify automatic disasters like landslides and earthquakes. Numerous research and classification approaches have been implemented in satellite image processing for the detection and prediction of landslides. The most challenging task in the classification and prediction of landslides from satellite imagery is to train the model with appropriate techniques and datasets which predict “accurately”. Limited work has been done on high-resolution satellite images using convolution techniques. This article presents a comprehensive study of recent deep-learning approaches based on convolutional neural networks to achieve efficient classification of landslide satellite images. A few selected research articles on deep learning approaches based on CNN for automatic detection of landside from peer reviews journals etc. are considered for this study. “The performance of all surveyed articles is evaluated using accuracy recall precision and F 1 score parameters”. This study illustrates the viability of deep learning approaches in learning complex and high-resolution satellite images for the classification and prediction of landslides.
Numerical Analysis of Out-of-Plane Crushing of Reinforced Honeycomb Core and Effect of Cell Parameters on its Properties
Authors: Mohan Sumit , Gautam Anupam , dabral Atulesh , Bahuguna Anurag , Jain Ankit , Ram S.C.
Published: January 2024

The non-linear finite element code LS-DYNA has been used in this work to conduct the crushing examination of both normal and reinforced honeycomb cores. The honeycomb-like cores are provided with out-of-plane quasi-static conditions of stress via an explicit dynamic approach. We have parametrically investigated the effects of cell properties on crushed behaviour as well as the absorption of energy, including the size of the cell, wall thickness, height, along with cell wall tilted position. Regular honeycomb (R0-HC), reinforced every other ribbon (R1-HC), and reinforced every ribbon (R2-HC) are three different varieties of honeycomb. The findings of the numerical analysis of these three types of honeycomb are compared to understand how reinforcing affects energy absorption and crushing parameters. The sheet material AA3003-H18 was chosen to make the honeycomb core. In comparison to ordinary honeycombs, the reinforced honeycombs demonstrated superior crushing behavior and energy absorption. In comparison to the others, reinforced every ribbon (R2-HC) type honeycombs exhibited the greatest values for crushing characteristics and energy absorption. The crushing characteristics and energy absorption of reinforced every other ribbon (R1-HC) honeycombs were higher than those of ordinary honeycombs (R0-HCThe crushing force, average plateau force, and energy absorption values decrease as the cell size, height, and wall angle are increased, however, all these crushing characteristics increase as the cell wall thickness is increased.
Effect of Anti-Reflective and Dust Spreading on Performance of Solar PV Panels
Authors: Dabral Atulesh , Kumar Rahul , Ram S.C. , Morey Amit , Mohan Sumit , Sharma Devesh
Published: January 2024

This study intends to better solar photovoltaic (PV) panel performance by employing anti-reflective coating and explore how dust affects solar panel effectiveness. Three equivalent solar PV panels were compared, having one of them being uncoated, the next one having a TiO2 nanomaterial coating, and the very last one having a SiO2 nanomaterial coating. PV panel surfaces are coated with superhydrophilicity TiO2 as well as superhydrophobic SiO2 nanomaterials using a cloth made of microfibers. With the aid of a photovoltaic (PV) analyser, the power output of each and every PV panel has been monitored during the month of November 2021. After one month of being exposed to the environment, the percentage improvement in efficiency for TiO2-coated panels was 7.66% and for SiO2 coated panels was 19.73% as compared to uncoated PV panels. Results demonstrate that SiO2 covered PV panels outperform the other two scenarios in terms of efficiency and power output. The frequency of photovoltaic panel washing is reduced by the application of coating. Different amounts of dust are evenly scattered on the surface of the PV panel in order to observe the effect of the dust. Additionally, as the amount of dust increases, the effectiveness of PV panels declines considerably. When 20g of dust is dispersed across the surface of a PV panel, its efficiency falls by 34.6 percent.
Optimal Energy Sharing in Hybrid Microgrid System Using Battery Energy Storage
Authors: Rawat Arun Kumar , Chandra Subhash , Deolia Vinay Kumar
Published: January 2024

A smart micro grid technology application facilitates the integration of renewable energy and increase its penetration. A smart grid is an electrical network which is built on advanced technology that uses dual-way digital communication to transmit electricity to buyers. The smart grid was created with the aim of using smart meters to overcome the problems faced by traditional grids. Microgrids allow for the integration of multiple renewable energy sources at different levels, improving the power system’s reliability, sustainability and efficiency. Remote places, spacecraft and maritime applications all use DC microgrids. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, wind energy, fuel cells, battery management systems, supercapacitors, and loads make up a DC microgrid. In this paper, some of the interesting approaches for optimal energy sharing in the hybrid microgrid are discussed.
Geochemistry of Cold Springs in Geothermal Exploration Stage – Case Study of Candi Umbul Telomoyo, Central Java
Authors: Abdillah Yuniar Z. , Sidik Ridwan P. , Putra Zefanya M.D.C.W. , Wibowo Djoko A. , Darmawan Arif , Mulyana Reza S. , Kristianto Budi A.
Published: January 2024

Cold springs in geothermal fields are often overlooked during the exploration stage. The best practice of geothermal exploration suggests thermal manifestation as an indicator of a geothermal system in the subsurface. This common practice neglects cold springs as valuable information points related to the system. Thermal-contaminated cold springs can be helpful to indicate the presence of inferred geothermal activity below the surface during the exploration stage. It becomes important where thermal features are absent or limited, as in Candi Umbul Telomoyo. Candi Dukuh, Candi Umbul, and Pakis Dadu thermal springs are located at the periphery of the Telomoyo Volcanic Complex, at relatively low altitude. Those thermal springs are used to construct the existing conceptual models of the geothermal system. In this study, the authors tried to consider the presence of slightly acidic cold springs (pH 5.24-5.61). Located within the Suropati Depression in the North, and the flank of Mt. Telomoyo in the South, both Keningar and Sendang Ari Wulan cold springs are located at higher altitude with higher TDS and are enriched in Cl and SO4 compared to the others. These cold springs are associated with the argillic alteration zone and observed to have iron oxide deposition at the discharge area. Sendang Ari Wulan fluid is plotted at the same zone as the thermal springs on Na-Cl•SO4 facies of the Piper diagram, while Keningar fluid is plotted on HCO3-Ca•Mg facies are similar to other cold springs. Although Sendang Ari Wulan shows a better correlation to the thermal springs, based on Piper diagram, both Keningar and Sendang Ari Wulan cold springs are classified as HCO3-SO4 and SO4-HCO3-Cl. These observations show the possibility of contamination of the geothermal system occurring below the Keningar and Sendang Ari Wulan cold springs, which is higher than the thermal springs. This interpretation is supported by the anomaly of high Hg and CO2 surrounding the acidic Keningar and Sendang Ari Wulan cold springs, three temperature gradient wells that prove the presence of three times higher-than-normal geothermal gradient. The research concludes that cold springs data are indeed useful in aiding the interpretation, especially during the exploration stage.
Ground displacement analysis in the Sarulla geothermal field using Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) method
Authors: Maulana Yahya , Saepuloh Asep , Fattah Erlangga Ibrahim
Published: January 2024

The Sarulla geothermal field is aggressively developed in Indonesia, reaching 330 MW in two consecutive years. Furthermore, the field is situated along the active Great Sumatra Fault. This condition has the potential to induce surface deformation phenomena attributed to exploitation activities, tectonic activities, or a combination of both. The Persistent Scatterer-Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) method is a multi-temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image processing technique employed to detect surface deformations with millimeter-level accuracy. PS-InSAR has been applied in this paper over the Sarulla geothermal field, which comprises two exploited prospects (Silangkitang and Namora-I-Langit) and two unexploited prospects (Donotasik and Sibualbuali). The objective of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of ground displacement over the exploited and unexploited geothermal areas. Multi-temporal images of SENTINEL-1A with ascending and descending orbital modes from 2017 to 2021 were processed using PS-InSAR method. A series of interferograms from the selected primary image were paired with secondary images using SNAP program and Python-based program snap2stamps. The generated interferograms were used as input for the StaMPS program to obtain the persistent scatterers as the best coherent points. Ground displacement towards the satellite line of sight was observed within those two exploited geothermal areas adjacent to the production and injection zones. The descending images resulted in more significant PS points than ascending images. The exploited geothermal area shows a clustered pattern of PS points with a significant rate of ground displacement, whereas the unexploited area suggests a wide dispersion of PS points with a slight amount of displacement rate. Additionally, the detected ground displacement that occurred adjacent to the Great Sumatran Fault may indicate the active movement of the fault.
Technical and Business Evaluation of Geothermal Dryhouse for Coffee in Kamojang, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Farouq Cecep U. , Brilian Vincentius A. , Fathurrodin Ahmad N. , Pradipta Muhammad I. , Dewi Primatika P. , Rahmadi Adi , Fauzan Muhammad N.
Published: January 2024

The coffee farmers in Kamojang still currently rely on conventional drying method using direct sun radiation. However, the cold ambient temperature and fluctuative weather in Kamojang brings challenges to this method. Therefore, PT PGE Area Kamojang built a trial geothermal dryhouse with a heating pipe connected to a blowdown on the existing geothermal steam pipeline as the heat source. In this study, the existing geothermal dryhouse is evaluated from the technical and business aspects. The technical evaluation studies the thermal performance of the heating pipe to calculate the dryhouse heating load, the required heating pipe length, the effect of heating pipe operation on the dryhouse temperature, and the suggested technical improvements. Meanwhile, the business evaluation studies qualitatively about the relationship between the potential farmer profit enhancement and the possible coffee-drying duration reduction from previously 2-3 weeks to 1-2 weeks by substituting conventional drying method with the use of geothermal dryhouse. Aside from that, it was expected to retain the coffee’s pleasant flavor and not have any sulfur odor problems. The technical evaluation is performed using analytical and experimental methods. The analytical results show that the required heating load is 10.94 kW and the heat transfer rate per unit length of the heating pipe is 0.2618 kW/m. Hence, the required heating pipe length is 41.79 m. The Subsequently, the heating pipe was tested operational three times on 16 – 18 January, 27 April – 4 May, and 31 May – 5 June 2023. On Trial 1, the heating pipe performance was not optimal due to condensate built-up inside the heating pipe. Therefore, steam traps were installed to reduce the condensate built-up. On Trial 2, the heating pipe performance was better, which was indicated by the higher and stable dryhouse temperature during the night. Hence on Trial 3, the technical improvement involving rearrangement of steam trap and bypass valve considerably improved the heating pipe performance. It reaches the design temperature and being maintained above 40°C for a maximum of 50°C longer than it did previously. The business evaluation expects a significant profit enhancement for the farmers if the drying duration could be cut into 1-2 weeks using the geothermal dryhouse.
Surgical management of abdominal aortic graft infection: network meta-analysis
Authors: Shu Hongxin , Wang Xuhui , Wang Menghui , Ding Yongqi , Cheng Hui , Wang Ruihua , Huang Qun , Zhang Rong
Published: January 2024

Background

A paucity of evidence exists regarding the optimal management for abdominal aortic graft infection. The aim of this paper was to assess short- and long-term outcomes following different surgical options in aortic graft infection patients.

Methods

Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to February 2023. Network meta-analysis was performed using a frequentist method. Patients were divided into four treatment groups: complete graft removal with in situ repair, complete graft removal with extra-anatomic repair, partial graft removal with in situ repair and partial graft removal with extra-anatomic repair. The mortality rate at 30-days and 1-year was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were longer-term mortality rate, primary patency and reinfections. For included RCTs, the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was utilized to assess the risk of bias. The methodological quality of cohort studies was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.

Results

Among 4559 retrieved studies, 22 studies with 1118 patients (11 multi-arm and 11 single-arm studies) were included. Patients received complete graft removal with in situ repair (N = 852), partial graft removal with in situ repair (N = 36), complete graft removal with extra-anatomic repair (N = 228) and partial graft removal with extra-anatomic repair (N = 2). Both network meta-analysis results and pooled results of multi- and single-arm cohorts indicated that partial graft removal with in situ repair has the lowest 30-day and 1-year mortality rates (0% and 6.1% respectively), followed by complete graft removal with in situ repair (11.9% and 23.8% respectively) and complete graft removal with extra-anatomic repair (16.6% and 41.4% respectively). In addition, complete graft removal with in situ repair had a lower 3-year (complete graft removal with in situ repair versus complete graft removal with extra-anatomic repair: 32.1% versus 90%) and 5-year (complete graft removal with in situ repair versus complete graft removal with extra-anatomic repair: 45.6% versus 67.9%) mortality rate when compared with complete graft removal with extra-anatomic repair. Patients in the complete graft removal with in situ repair group had the lowest reinfections (8%), followed by partial graft removal with in situ repair (9.3%) and complete graft removal with extra-anatomic repair (22.4%).

Conclusion

Partial graft removal with in situ repair was associated with lower 30-day and 1-year mortality rates when compared with complete graft removal with in situ repair and complete graft removal with extra-anatomic repair. Partial graft removal with in situ repair might be a feasible treatment for specific aortic graft infection patients.
Synergy in the copolymerization of non-ionic and anionic biphenyl tetracarboxamides: mix and match
Authors: Iseki Tomokazu , Schoenmakers Sandra M C , Morgese Giulia , Meijer E W
Published: January 2024

Multi-component supramolecular polymerization, which requires control over hydrophobic effects, hydrogen bonding, coordination interactions, and π–π stacking of the monomers, enables the preparation of functional materials at the molecular level. Here, we report the synthesis of two monomers of biphenyl-3,3',5,5'-tetracarboxamide derivatives with tetraethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol sulfate at the tails. By themselves, they are poor monomers for aqueous supramolecular homopolymerization, but the presence of tetrahydrofuran as cosolvent or sodium chloride as additive leads to the self-assembly of the monomers. In the copolymerization experiments, we show that the coexistence of these non-ionic and anionic biphenyl tetracarboxamide-based monomers leads to synergetic supramolecular copolymerization.
Stress cardiomyopathy in the paediatric population: a case series
Authors: Annino Nadine , Cantais Aymeric , Javouhey Etienne , Baudin Florent
Published: January 2024

Background

Stress cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo syndrome) defined as Takotsubo syndrome is defined as a reversible acute myocardial syndrome with myocardial injury with regional wall motion abnormality and no coronary explanations in the context of stress. The pathophysiology remains partially unknown, and these cases are probably underestimated in paediatrics. We report six cases of Takotsubo probably secondary to neurological damage.

Case summary

Six patients (10, 13, 16, 10, and 9 years and 5 months) presented with haemodynamic lability with echocardiography data leading to suspicion of Takotsubo syndrome. These cases were secondary to neurological involvement (cerebral haemorrhage, intraventricular haemorrhage, brain damage due to bifrontal oedema, posterior fossa tumour, pneumococcal meningitis, high-grade glioma). All patients were rapidly started on amine. Reversibility of the acute myocardial syndrome was complete in all but one child, who rapidly progressed to encephalic death.

Discussion

Neurological distress has been suggested as a potential cause of Takotsubo syndrome. The pathophysiology is possibly related to excessive stimulation of the sympathetic system. This syndrome should probably be considered in the setting of left heart failure with neurological distress so as not to delay the use of amines especially since in the paediatric population the probability of a coronary origin is low.
Case report of pregnancy complicated by severe pulmonary hypertension from mitral stenosis and placenta accreta spectrum disorder: management of two life-threatening conditions
Authors: Batra Jaya , Mourad Mirella , Collado Fady Khoury , Takeda Koji , Greenwald Andrew , Ring Laurence , Chen Xuxin , Haythe Jennifer
Published: January 2024

Background

Antenatal cardiovascular disease is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Severe rheumatic mitral stenosis is especially poorly tolerated during pregnancy.

Case Summary

We present a young woman with severe pulmonary hypertension secondary to rheumatic mitral stenosis. She presented at 25 weeks 4 days gestation for evaluation of a pregnancy complicated by placenta accreta spectrum disorder. Invasive hemodynamic testing was carried out to delineate her hemodynamics, and a multidisciplinary cardio-obstetrics team collaborated closely with the patient and her partner to create a management plan. Ultimately, the patient was initiated on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and underwent caesarean section delivery followed by hysterectomy and subsequent valve replacement surgery.

Discussion

This case describes the treatment options considered to balance the risk of decompensation in the setting of severe pulmonary hypertension with hemorrhage associated with placenta accreta spectrum disorder. It highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary, team-based approach to the management of high-risk cardiac conditions throughout pregnancy.
Comparing the effects of ground cultivation and protection against browsing upon the natural regeneration of Scots pine and birch in a Caledonian pinewood
Authors: Mason W L , Rao S , Agnew J , Stokes V , Painting A , Clarke T-K , Edwards C
Published: January 2024

The Caledonian pinewoods of northern Scotland represent the remnants of once extensive forests found at the western edge of the natural range of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The surviving pinewoods are of international significance and are of high conservation and cultural value. However, for many decades, there has been concern about their long-term future because of a lack of regenerating seedlings and young trees. This problem is thought to be driven by high deer populations resulting in intensive browsing and severe damage to young trees, as well as a lack of favourable micro-sites for seedling germination. An experiment was established on the Mar Lodge estate in 2007–08 adjacent to native pinewood stands to test the effects of protection and site cultivation upon seedling numbers and growth. The experiment was located within a regeneration zone where intensive deer control had reduced numbers to <5 animals km−2. Ten years after initiation, occurrence and numbers of both Scots pine and birch seedlings were substantially increased in cultivated treatments compared with uncultivated controls. There were no effects of protection upon seedling numbers. Protection improved height growth of Scots pine, but not of birch. Cultivation had no effect upon the growth of pine seedlings but did influence the height of birch seedlings due to the rapid growth of some pre-existing seedlings in the uncultivated control. Vegetation cover had increased from ~60%to at least 80% cover 6 years after cultivation. The results suggest that site cultivation may be desirable to boost seedling germination within a Caledonian pinewood, but sustained measures to control browsing pressure are a prerequisite for satisfactory establishment of these seedlings.