bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conditioned medium from human amniotic epithelial cells may induce the differentiation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic neuron‐like cells
Authors: Yang Shu , Sun Hai‐Mei , Yan Ji‐Hong , Xue Hong , Wu Bo , Dong Fang , Li Wen‐Shuai , Ji Feng‐Qing , Zhou De‐Shan
Published: April 2013

Dopaminergic (DA) neuron therapy has been established as a new clinical tool for treating Parkinson's disease (PD). Prior to cell transplantation, there are two primary issues that must be resolved: one is the appropriate seed cell origin, and the other is the efficient inducing technique. In the present study, human umbilical cord blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB‐MSCs) were used as the available seed cells, and conditioned medium from human amniotic epithelial cells (ACM) was used as the inducing reagent. Results showed that the proportion of DA neuron‐like cells from hUCB‐MSCs was significantly increased after cultured in ACM, suggested by the upregulation of DAT, TH, Nurr1, and Pitx3. To identify the process by which ACM induces DA neuron differentiation, we pretreated hUCB‐MSCs with k252a, the Trk receptor inhibitor of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), and found that the proportion of DA neuron‐like cells was significantly decreased compared with ACM‐treated hUCB‐MSCs, suggesting that NGF and BDNF in ACM were involved in the differentiation process. However, we could not rule out the involvement of other unidentified factors in the ACM, because ACM + k252a treatment does not fully block DA neuron‐like cell differentiation compared with control. The transplantation of ACM‐induced hUCB‐MSCs could ameliorate behavioral deficits in PD rats, which may be associated with the survival of engrafted DA neuron‐like cells. In conclusion, we propose that hUCB‐MSCs are a good source of DA neuron‐like cells and that ACM is a potential inducer to obtain DA neuron‐like cells from hUCB‐MSCs in vitro for an ethical and legal cell therapy for PD. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Purine derivate content and amino acid profile in larval stages of three edible insects
Authors: Bednářová Martina , Borkovcová Marie , Komprda Tomáš
Published: April 2013

Background

Considering their high content of protein, insects are a valuable alternative protein source. However, no evaluation of their purine content has so far been done. High content of purine derivates may lead to the exclusion of such food from the diet of people with specific diseases. The aim of this study was to analyse the content of selected purine derivates and amino acid profile in the three insect species most often used for entomophagy in Europe and compare them with the purine content in egg white and chicken breast.

Results

The content of individual purine derivates and their total content were significantly dependent on insect species. The purine content in all three species was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in egg white, but some values were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in chicken breast. The total protein content was 548.9 g kg−1 dry matter (DM) in mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), 551.6 g kg−1 DM in superworm (Zophobas atratus) and 564.9 g kg−1 DM in cricket (Gryllus assimilis).

Conclusion

Larvae of mealworm and superworm are protein‐rich and purine‐low meat alternatives. In contrast, cricket nymphs are protein‐rich and purine‐rich and cannot be recommended for people with hyperuricemia or gout. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluating the potential of artificial neural network and neuro‐fuzzy techniques for estimating antioxidant activity and anthocyanin content of sweet cherry during ripening by using image processing
Authors: Taghadomi‐Saberi Saeedeh , Omid Mahmoud , Emam‐Djomeh Zahra , Ahmadi Hojjat
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND

This paper presents a versatile way for estimating antioxidant activity and anthocyanin content at different ripening stages of sweet cherry by combining image processing and two artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. In comparison with common time‐consuming laboratory methods for determining these important attributes, this new way is economical and much faster. The accuracy of artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models was studied to estimate the outputs. Sensitivity analysis and principal component analysis were used with ANN and ANFIS respectively to specify the most effective attributes on outputs.

RESULTS

Among the designed ANNs, two hidden layer networks with 11‐14‐9‐1 and 11‐6‐20‐1 architectures had the highest correlation coefficients and lowest error values for modeling antioxidant activity (R = 0.93) and anthocyanin content (R = 0.98) respectively. ANFIS models with triangular and two‐term Gaussian membership functions gave the best results for antioxidant activity (R = 0.87) and anthocyanin content (R = 0.90) respectively.

CONCLUSION

Comparison of the models showed that ANN outperformed ANFIS for this case. By considering the advantages of the applied system and the accuracy obtained in somewhat similar studies, it can be concluded that both techniques presented here have good potential to be used as estimators of proposed attributes. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
An Empirical Study of Schedule Delay Causes Based on Taiwan's Litigation Cases
Authors: Yang Jyh-Bin , Chu Mei-Yi , Huang Kuei-Mei
Published: April 2013

Many uncertainties can cause construction projects to be delayed, resulting in conflicts between the two parties to a construction contract. Using case study and content analysis methodologies, this study analyzed 79 litigation cases in Taiwan to identify the main causes of schedule delays in construction projects, which are “change orders,” “changed scope of the work,” “delayed site handover,” and “weather.” In this study, these causes are organized into a causation model to provide a reference for preventing schedule delay. The employed approach can be implemented for assessments of other regions, as schedule delays are common features in most construction projects.
Keep a sense of vulnerability: For safety's sake
Authors: Sanders Roy E.
Published: April 2013

Excellent safety performance is our goal. But safety is not bankable. Long periods of time without significant incidents may in some cases create an unwarranted sense of complacency and relaxation of discipline. We must encourage a healthy respect for process industries chemicals, equipment, processes, procedures, and all the things we do for process safety management. Continuous incident‐free operations may result in a slackening up of our well‐established practices and procedures. Perhaps, incident‐free safety performance tolerates a wink and a nod at proven methods allowing questionable shortcuts to flourish. This article offers some suggestions on raising the awareness by sharing focused examples of past mistakes and some catastrophic blunders. A number of resources are listed that identify easy‐to‐use, thought provoking case histories. Some are available at no cost. If employees share a sense of vulnerability within their process, there will probably be less deviation from time tested protective operations and maintenance activities. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2013
Social responsibility aspects supporting the success of SPI
Authors: Messnarz Richard , Sicilia Miguel‐Angel , Biro Miklos , García‐Barriocanal Elena , Garre‐Rubio Miguel , Siakas Kerstin , Clarke Adrienne
Published: April 2013

Software Process Improvement (SPI) activities aim at driving change in information technology development towards increased quality and productivity levels. The SPI Manifesto describes the key values and principles for a successful implementation of SPI. About two‐thirds of its principles relate to human, social, and organizational aspects and one‐third to technical aspects. This raises the question if these aspects have a relationship with ‘social responsibility’ principles. The new ISO 26000:2010 standard provides guidance about social responsibility (SR), describing the core subjects and issues an organization has to consider when implementing SR. In this paper, we describe how the values and principles of the SPI Manifesto have a relationship with the SR issues described in the ISO 26000. In addition, this paper describes about the steps taken in an industry group to exchange best practices about how social strategies can be used to achieve higher acceptance and sustainability of SPI initiatives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonorthogonal problem in iterated unscented Kalman filter for passive tracking
Authors: Liu Qin , Liu Zheng , Liu Yunfo
Published: April 2013

The iterated unscented Kalman filter (IUKF) is a promising nonlinear tracking algorithm. However, we find that the IUKF has poor performance in tracking accuracy and will diverge easily when the variance of observation noise is large, because the iterated state prediction is nonorthogonal to the current observation after the first iteration. This will increase the proportion of current observation in state estimate and lead to the tendency for the final iteration result to be closer to the observation compared with the optimal solution, which is a phenomenon termed the nonorthogonal problem here. We solve this problem by augmenting the state vector with the process and observation noise vectors and slightly reconstructing the IUKF formula. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better tracking performance than IUKF. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tracking and evaluation of dendritic cell migration by cellular magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Dekaban Gregory A. , Hamilton Amanda M. , Fink Corby A. , Au Bryan , de Chickera Sonali N. , Ribot Emeline J. , Foster Paula J.
Published: April 2013

Cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a means by which cells labeled ex vivo with a contrast agent can be detected and tracked over time in vivo. This technology provides a noninvasive method with which to assess cell‐based therapies in vivo. Dendritic cell (DC)‐based vaccines are a promising cancer immunotherapy, but its success is highly dependent on the injected DC migrating to a secondary lymphoid organ such as a nearby lymph node. There the DC can interact with T cells to elicit a tumor‐specific immune response. It is important to verify DC migration in vivo using a noninvasive imaging modality, such as cellular MRI, so that important information regarding the anatomical location and persistence of the injected DC in a targeted lymph node can be provided. An understanding of DC biology is critical in ascertaining how to label DC with sufficient contrast agent to render them detectable by MRI. While iron oxide nanoparticles provide the best sensitivity for detection of DC in vivo, a clinical grade iron oxide agent is not currently available. A clinical grade 19Fluorine‐based perfluorcarbon nanoemulsion is available but is less sensitive, and its utility to detect DC migration in humans remains to be demonstrated using clinical scanners presently available. The ability to quantitatively track DC migration in vivo can provide important information as to whether different DC maturation and activation protocols result in improved DC migration efficiency which will determine the vaccine's immunogenicity and ultimately the tumor immunotherapy's outcome in humans. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2013. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1227

This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
A comparison of methods for monitoring kit foxes at den sites
Authors: Kluever Bryan M. , Gese Eric M. , Dempsey Steven J. , Knight Robert N.
Published: April 2013

Monitoring mammalian carnivores at den sites with human observers to document behavior, fecundity, litter size, and natal survival is commonplace when compared with monitoring den sites with cameras. However, no published studies exist comparing the effectiveness of human observers versus cameras in a quantitative manner. Obtaining complete and reliable counts of adult and pup kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis) can be crucial for estimating population parameters and life‐history traits. In the summers of 2010 and 2011, we made weekly counts of adult and pup kit foxes at active den sites using 2 methods: 1) an observer equipped with spotting scope and/or binoculars and 2) a remote infrared motion‐sensitive camera. We accumulated 71 and 29 counts at active den sites, respectively. The median number of adults observed at den sites with a camera and observer differed and were 2 adults versus 1 adult, respectively. Similarly, the median number of pups observed at den sites with a remote camera versus an observer differed and was 2 pups versus 1 pup, respectively. We observed these differences despite the similar effort required to manage cameras and conduct observations. We recommend future surveys aimed at ascertaining more reliable counts of kit foxes and similar species at den sites use a survey methodology employing remote cameras or video over a multi‐day period. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Copper(I) and Iron(II) Complexes of a Novel Tris(pyridyl)­ethane‐Derived N4 Ligand: Aspects of Redox Behaviour and Bioinorganic Physicochemistry
Authors: Wiedemann Dennis , Świętek Elżbieta , Macyk Wojciech , Grohmann Andreas
Published: April 2013

The N4 ligand 1‐{6‐[1,1‐bis(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethyl]pyridin‐2‐yl}‐N,N‐dimethylmethanamine (L) is presented. It has been used to obtain the copper(I) complex [CuL(MeCN)]PF6 and the iron(II) complex [Fe(CN)2L]. Aerobic oxidation of the copper(I) complex is unspecific at room temperature. Anaerobic oxidation in solution, which is very sluggish, occurs with formation of the copper(II) complex [CuIIFL]PF6, suggesting concomitant hydrolysis of hexafluorophosphate initiated by traces of water. The iron(II) complex adsorbed at a TiO2 surface is an efficient photosensitiser of the support. Photoelectrochemical photocurrent switching (PEPS), which can be initiated by changing the electrochemical potential and photon energy, is very pronounced. The construction of a simple photoelectrochemical NOR logic gate has been demonstrated.
Cloud Computing: A Social Cognitive Perspective of Ethics, Entrepreneurship, Technology Marketing, Computer Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy on Behavioural Intentions
Authors: Ratten Vanessa
Published: April 2013

Cloud computing is one of the most important trends in technology innovation but its widespread adoption by individual's remains unexplored. The main purpose of this paper is to examine behavioural intentions towards cloud computing in an educational setting through the use of social cognitive theory. A survey questionnaire was tested amongst a sample of young consumers to develop an understanding of entrepreneurial inclination, ethical tendencies, technology marketing, computer self-efficacy and outcome expectancy on behavioural intention and learning effectiveness of cloud computing technology. The results indicated that ethical tendencies and technology marketing are indicators of behavioural intention to adopt cloud computing as an educational learning resource. The statistical analysis conducted supports the view that social cognitive theory can help to understand the main internal and external drivers of increasing an individual's intention to adopt cloud computing as a learning instrument. This paper contributes to the interactive technology, educational and technology marketing literature by integrating social cognitive theory with cloud computing services to highlight the importance of individual's learning about innovations and adopting them in a higher educational setting.
Skinning measures in negative curvature and equidistribution of equidistant submanifolds
Authors: PARKKONEN JOUNI , PAULIN FRÉDÉRIC
Published: April 2013

Let$C$be a locally convex closed subset of a negatively curved Riemannian manifold$M$. We define the skinning measure${\sigma }_{C} $on the outer unit normal bundle to$C$in$M$by pulling back the Patterson–Sullivan measures at infinity, and give a finiteness result for${\sigma }_{C} $, generalizing the work of Oh and Shah, with different methods. We prove that the skinning measures, when finite, of the equidistant hypersurfaces to$C$equidistribute to the Bowen–Margulis measure${m}_{\mathrm{BM} } $on${T}^{1} M$, assuming only that${m}_{\mathrm{BM} } $is finite and mixing for the geodesic flow. Under additional assumptions on the rate of mixing, we give a control on the rate of equidistribution.
Algebraic K-theory and cyclic homology
Authors: Loday Jean-Louis
Published: April 2013

The following are personal reminiscences of my research years in algebraic K-theory and cyclic homology during which Dan Quillen was everyday present in my professional life.

In the late sixties (of the twentieth century) the groups K0;K1;K2 were known and well-studied. The group K0 had been introduced by Alexander Grothendieck, then came K1 by Hyman Bass [2] (as a variation of the Whitehead group), permitting one to generalize the notion of determinant, and finally K2 by John Milnor [9] and Michel Kervaire. The big problem was: how about Kn? Having in mind topological K-theory and all the other generalized (co)homological theories, one was expecting higher K-groups which satisfy similar axioms, in particular the Mayer-Vietoris exact sequence. The discovery by Richard Swan of the existence of an obstruction for this property to hold shed some embarrassment. What kind of properties should we ask of Kn? There were various attempts, for instance by Max Karoubi and Orlando Villamayor [4]. And suddenly Dan Quillen came with a candidate sharing a lot of nice properties. He had even two different constructions of the same object: the “+” construction and the “Q” construction [14, 15]. Not only did he propose a candidate but he already got a computation: the higher K-theory of finite fields. This was a fantastic step forward and Hyman Bass organized a two week conference at the Battelle Institute in Seattle during the summer of 1972, which was attended by Bass, Borel, Husemoller, Karoubi, Priddy, Quillen, Segal, Stasheff, Tate, Waldhausen, Wall and sixty other mathematicians. The Proceedings appeared as Springer Lecture Notes 341, 342 and 343. I met Quillen for the first time on this occasion.
Remarks on some fundamental results about higher-rank graphs and their C*-algebras
Authors: Hazlewood Robert , Raeburn Iain , Sims Aidan , Webster Samuel B. G.
Published: April 2013

Results of Fowler and Sims show that every k-graph is completely determined by its k-coloured skeleton and collection of commuting squares. Here we give an explicit description of the k-graph associated with a given skeleton and collection of squares and show that two k-graphs are isomorphic if and only if there is an isomorphism of their skeletons which preserves commuting squares. We use this to prove directly that each k-graph Λ is isomorphic to the quotient of the path category of its skeleton by the equivalence relation determined by the commuting squares, and show that this extends to a homeomorphism of infinite-path spaces when the k-graph is row finite with no sources. We conclude with a short direct proof of the characterization, originally due to Robertson and Sims, of simplicity of the C*-algebra of a row-finite k-graph with no sources.
Scandal at the Opera: Politics, the Press, and the Public at the Inauguration of the Budapest Opera House in 1884
Authors: Prokopovych Markian
Published: April 2013

On 2 January 2012, a mass demonstration took place in Budapest in front of the Opera House. The rally was the culminating event in a series of street protests that had shaken Hungary during the previous months when many inhabitants of the Hungarian capital, along with their co-nationals elsewhere, felt increasingly uneasy with the symbolic politics initiated by the government of Viktor Orbán and his center-right FIDESZ Party. In particular, the crowd that collected in front of what is still Hungary's most representative institution of culture, on the main boulevard Andrássy út, protested against the inauguration of the new constitution that had come into force the previous day. Despite opposition inside and outside of Hungary, the ruling political elite comprising the prime minister and his political entourage celebrated the new constitution—and themselves—at a gala event in the opera house. A number of other celebratory events in connection with Hungary's new constitution were also staged, among them a controversial exhibition of paintings in the National Gallery, located to date in the Buda Palace, meant to highlight the most important events in recent Hungarian history. Inside the opera house, Orbán and his political supporters listened to a collection of works by, among others, Franz Liszt, Ferenc Erkel, and Béla Bartók, but the composition of the program was a matter of minor importance on that day. Instead, as he and his government representatives congratulated each other that night on their party's achievements in power, the crowd outside the opera house jeered in reference to Hungary's fall in international economic rankings and the methods of rule that they saw as authoritarian, if not dictatorial, and appealed to a wider international community, for example, with slogans such as, “Hey Europe, sorry about my Prime Minister.”
Is there a future for ancient science?
Authors: Lloyd G. E. R.
Published: April 2013

My title has a narrow and a broader reference. The narrower one relates to the question of whether the study of ancient science will continue in this University. Valedictories do not have the same well-established conventions as inaugurals. But some taking stock of what has been happening in the field of studies picked out by the title of the Professorship that I have held for fifteen years may be thought appropriate or at least will be forgiven. The very fact that I raise this as a question (‘isthere a future?) may suggest that in this last public act of my professorship, I may be about to pronounce an obituary for a subject that I have cultivated ever since I first began lecturing in this University. The prospects for the study of the subject here are indeed unclear. It may not be so much a matter ofaprès moi le déluge, asaprès moi – rien ne va plus. But I am more concerned here – the Vice-Chancellor may be relieved to hear – not with the narrow, so much as with the broader issues suggested by my title. Where, in the wake of recent developments in the history and philosophy of science, is there a place – andisthere a place – forancientscience?
Shifting frontiers in ancient theories of metaphor
Authors: Barker Andrew
Published: April 2013

This paper is concerned with one little-known but intriguing and conceptually promising episode in the history of Greek thought about metaphor. Remarks made by two distinguished scholars will help us to get some preliminary bearings. In ancient discussions of rhetoric, says D.A. Russell, there was ‘a sharp distinction between content (to legomenon) and verbal form (lexis). With some hazy and uncertain exceptions, ancient writers on poetry also adhered firmly to this distinction’. Qualifications are added later in the book; but Russell leaves us with the clear impression that no Greek or Roman theorist made significant concessions to any nonsense about the medium being the message; and that whatever may be true of isolated examples of critical practice, all general theories about the elements of poetry assumed that discussions of what is said can be conducted quite independently of discussions of how it is said. In so far as connections were envisaged at all, Russell maintains, it was in terms of a rather vague notion of ‘suitability’: many writers cite with approval the Gorgian slogan, ‘great words suit great things’.
Lesbia, the poet, and the two faces of Sappho: ‘womanufacture’ in Catullus
Authors: Holzberg Niklas
Published: April 2013

Our understanding of ancient erotic poetry has, in my opinion, been greatly furthered in recent years by the shift from an approach which sees the poetic world of Roman love elegy as the creation of mimesis to one which reads it as semiosis. The elegiac poet portrays neither experienced reality nor conditions at least conceivable as such, but constructs a fictional situation using certain literary motifs provided by generic tradition, and thus challenges the reader to a game of semiotics. The latter, conversant with the ‘sign language’ of the motifs – for example ofservitium amoris– will appreciate the poet's playful variations on a familiar theme and decipher the new meaning it has been given. Particularly significant here is, I find, the new perception of the two central characters in the elegiac world: the first-personpoetalamatorand hispuellaare both part of this fiction. The poet assumes the mask of an elegiac lover, playing the part as an actor would; he does not, then, re-enact his own experiences for an audience. In addition to this he designs the figureof the puella, who appears less as a character with its own personal profile and more as a typified representation, contrived in the main to reflect the poeticego'sthoughts. Women such as Cynthia, Delia, and Corinna are, to use Alison Sharrock's very apt definition, the product of ‘womanufacture’, and their names therefore cannot be read as pseudonyms for real-life women.
The Scholiast on Aristophanes' ‘Knights’, 438, and three passages of Thucydides
Authors: Jones D. Mervyn
Published: April 2013

Σ Ar. Eq. 438 (p. 49, col. 2, 1. 25 Dübner): Dobree's σφῶν for ἐφ' ὧν is obviously right, but ϓενέσθαι still requires emendation. We should read ϓεύεσθαι, cf. Thuc. II, 70, I: καί τινεϛ καὶ ἀλλήλων ἐγέγευντο.

Thuc. IV, 117, 2: Thucydides is here discussing the motives that both sides had for desiring a truce in 423, after the accession of Torone to Brasidas. It seems certain, though it has in the past been denied, that Λακεδαιμόνιοι is the subject of ἐποιοῦντο, and that the general sense of the passage is that the Spartans were especially keen on recovering the men taken prisoner at Sphacteria while Brasidas was still successful, because his successes put them in a strong bargaining position. The conjunction ὡς creates an initial difficulty; the meaning required is ‘while’ ‘as long as’, as the whole emphasis of the passage is temporal, and the Spartans are reflecting on factors in the situation which obtained at a particular time, ὡς cannot be synonymous with ἔως(ἔως for ὡς is now universally accepted at Soph. Ai. 1117, Phil. 1330) and we should follow Herwerden and Hude in reading ἔως from an otherwise inaccurate quotation in Σ Ar. Pax 479.
Three Passages in Tragedy
Authors: Campbell A.Y.
Published: April 2013

10. τί δ' ὅντιν' εἴπε; μηδὲν ἐντραπῆς. τὰ δὲῥηθέντα βούλου μηδὲ μεμνῆσθαι μάτην.

She knows that the true answer to 1055 will be ‘yes’, and that it must lead to the discovery of the parricide and incest. ‘Waste not a thought on what he said…' twere idle’; so Jebb, like everybody else construing μάτην with μεμνῆσθαι. But at that rate this final word of the couplet is superfluous and falls flat. Manifestly μάτην must go with ῥηθέντα. As a hyperbaton this would be far too harsh and pointless; here, surely, is a clear case of accidental transposition in the ends of consecutive lines. For Jocasta will have spoken with feeling, here as everywhere else, and said τί… ἐντραπῇς· μάτην | ῥηθέντα βούλου μηδὲ μεμνῆσθαι τάδε.
Emendations of Cicero, ‘Ad Atticum’
Authors: Bailey D. R. Shackleton
Published: April 2013

I, 16, 12. sed senatus consulta duo iam facta sunt, odiosa, quod in consulem facta putantur, Catone et Domitio postulante, unum, ut apud magistratus inquiri liceret, alterum, cuius domi diuisores habitarent, aduersus rem publicam.

odiosa to whom? To the magistrates and the consul's satellites and Pompey? That is Billerbeck's explanation, more respectable than the silence of modern commentators. But odiosa, without qualification, can only mean generally unpopular, i.e. in the senate, among the boni. But how, asked Malaspina four centuries ago, should those decrees have been unpopular because they were directed against a highly unpopular consul? ‘consul odiosissimus’ to Cicero and his boni M. Pupius Piso, Pompey's legate and tool, assuredly was. Witness among other passages I, 13, 2 (esp. seiunctus ab optimatibus) and I, 14, 6 (esp. mirum in modum omnis a se bonos alienauit). And Malaspina might further have enquired why stringent, intrusive measures against bribery should have been welcome per se in an assembly composed largely of persons who had bribed, were bribing, or expected to bribe their way to office. Modern apparatus do not even mention quae for quod, a once popular reading cited from a MS. belonging to Faernus. It seems no more than a palliative. For a cure I suggest ‹ideo minus› odiosa.
New Readings in Cicero, ‘Ad Atticum’ XIII–XVI
Authors: Bailey D. R. Shackleton
Published: April 2013

For three-quarters of the way the editor of the Letters to Atticus has Sjögren in front of him; his main business should be to apply what he can of knowledge and intelligence to materials already collected. But when he starts on the last four books he has to take new bearings.

The paradosis in these books becomes thinner. The Δ family remains, but the more valuable family Σ is often reduced to its least estimable members, R and R's close and even poorer relation, P. It is some compensation that in XIV–XVI Turnebus' reports of the Tornesianus (Zt) can be added to those of Lambinus (Z1) and Bosius (Zb and Zβ).
Thucydides IV, 108, 4
Authors: Westlake H. D.
Published: April 2013

.

This sentence belongs to a passage in which Thucydides discusses the reactions of the Athenians (108, 1–2) and of their subject allies (108, 3–6) to the fall of Amphipolis. He describes very graphically the incautious enthusiasm with which the allies embarked upon plans for revolt, encouraged by the Athenian failure to save Amphipolis, which closely followed the defeat at Delium, and by the tempting propaganda of Brasidas. The phrase ὅση ὔστερον διεϕάνη in the sentence quoted above is widely interpreted as a reference to the unexpected recovery of the Athenians in the period after the Sicilian disaster and is accordingly accepted as evidence that this sentence at least, and perhaps the whole discussion to which it belongs, cannot have been written before the closing years of the Peloponnesian war.
The Poetry of Ovid's Exile
Authors: Kenney E. J.
Published: April 2013

In the general revaluation of Ovid's poetry that began in earnest with the publication of Hermann Fränkel's book in 1945, and received a vigorous impetus from the celebrations attending the bimillenary of his birth in 1958, the poetry of his later years has not adequately shared. Even Mr Wilkinson's warm sympathies have not been moved to more than what, with great respect, I would call a somewhat perfunctory appraisal: for his chapter on the poems of exile, though not unjust, gives the reader no idea of how good some of the best of them are and—which perhaps is more important—why and how they are good. In a word, I do not believe that this poetry has yet been read with the critical attention that is its due, and a glance at the relevant pages of L'Année Philologique for the past thirty years or so reinforces this impression. Not that no opinions respecting it are on record. For instance, in the Preface to A. Scholte's edition of Book 1 of the Epistulae ex Ponto (Amersfurt, 1933) will be found a substantial section entitled ‘Iudicia de Epistulis ex Ponto’, in which are recorded the opinions of editors and readers ranging from Edward Gibbon to P. J. Enk. Such doxographies tend to recur in editions of classical writers: a recent example is to be found in Raoul Verdière's very disappointing edition of Grattius (Wetteren, [1964]). What value they have is not critical but historical—and also, indirectly, admonitory: for they ought to remind us of our obligation to read the poems for ourselves, looking for enlightenment not to the experience of previous readers but to our own experience in the light of the guidance provided by the poet.
Euripides, Andromache 1014–15
Authors: Carey C.
Published: April 2013

ᾦ Φοῖβε πυργώσας τὸν ὲν Ἰλίωι εὐτειχῆ πάγονκαὶ πόντιε κυανέαις ὶ´πποις δωρρεύ- 1010ων ἅλιον πέλαγος,τώος οὕνεκ᾿ ἄτιμον ὀργάν-αν χέρα τεκτοσύνας Ἐ- 1015νυαλίωι δοριμήστορι προσϑέν-τες τάλαωαν τάλαι-ναν μεϑεῖτε Τροίαν;

In his commentary on the play (Euripides' Andromache, Oxford 1971, 215) P. T. Stevens gives a clear and concise account of the difficulties of the manuscript reading, ὀργάναν χέρα τεκτοσύνας J. Jackson (Marginalia Scaenica, Oxford 1955, 242) suggested ἄτιμον ὁρκανᾶν χέρα τεκτοσύνας (‘the hand that was cheated of its reward for building the towers of Troy’), but as Stevens points out the sentence is then meaningless, for the question τίνος οὕνεκα is answered by ἄτιμον κτλ.
Οἱ καλούμενοι ἁρμονικοί: The predecessors of Aristoxenus
Authors: Barker Andrew
Published: April 2013

A cursory glance at the reports of the later students of harmonic theory is enough to give a clear if perhaps artificially systematic picture of the character and relations of the major conflicting schools of thought in the first century or so A.D. In the centre of the field are the supposed followers of Aristoxenus, lined up against the forces of the so-called Pythagoreans. Each side is linked with a more or less lunatic fringe; to the right of the Pythagoreans those mathematical extremists who find no place in harmonic studies for αἴσθησις at all, and to the left of the more empirical Aristoxeneans a collection of persons known as ὀργανικοί, whose work, whatever it was, is based wholly in perception and in familiarity with the properties of musical instruments, and who find no place for theory or for the pursuit of the αἰτίαι of harmonic truths.
Culex 62FF.
Authors: Kennedy Duncan F.
Published: April 2013

The narrative of the Culex has scarcely begun, with a herdsman leading his goats out to pasture (42–57), when it is interrupted by a lengthy formal digression in praise of the blessings of a herdsman's life (58–97). An initial exclamation at the herdsman's felicity is followed by a complex negative enumeration of the appurtenances of wealth which are no part of his simple rural life (58ff.):

o bona pastoris (si quis non pauperis usummente prius docta fastidiat et probet illissomnia luxuriae spretis) incognita curis 60quae lacerant avidas inimico pectore mentes.si non Assyrio fuerint bis lota coloreAttalicis opibus data vellera, si nitor aurisub laqueare domus animum non angit avarumpicturaeque decus, lapidum nee fulgor in ulla 65cognitus utilitate manet, hec pocula gratumAlconis referent Boethique toreuma, nee Indiconchea baca maris pretio est, at pectore purosaepe super tenero prosternit gramine corpus…
The horrible and ultimate Britons: Catullus 11.11
Authors: Mckie David
Published: April 2013

When, in the third stanza of Catullus' Sapphic poem 11, the tradition preserved by our earliest manuscripts (O, G, R) presented the text

siue trans altas gradietur AlpesCaesaris uisens monimenta magniGallicum Rhenum horribilesque 11ultimosque Britannos

R2 (Salutati) quickly restored metre to line 12 by transferring ulti– to line 11. At the same time he erased the –que of horribilesque, improving the sense, as we shall see, but leaving the line deficient by one syllable. This was the first recognition of the conflicting demands of sense and scansion in the line, as present in the twentieth as they were in the fourteenth century. Salutati made many such alterations in R, often with an eye to metre, but no manuscript authority lies behind them and we are free to accept or reject his corrections on their own merits. With the first only of these two accepted (as is normal), the lines present us with the notorious crux:

Gallicum Rhenum horribilesque ulti–

mosque Britannos
Framing and polyphony: readings in Hellenistic poetry
Authors: Goldhill Simon
Published: April 2013

‘Then babble, babble words, like the solitary child who turns himself into children, two, three…” Beckett.

In this paper, I intend to discuss three central Hellenistic poems: Callimachus'Hymn to Zeus, Theocritus'Idyll11 andIdyll7. Each of these poems holds a privileged position in the discussion of the Hellenistic era as well as in each poet's corpus. I am certainly not offering here what could be called complete or exhaustive readings of these works – that would be far beyond the scope of a paper of this length; rather, I want to focus on a key point of interpretation in each poem. In theHymn to Zeus, I am going to investigate the language of truth; inIdyll11, the poem's structure of frame and song; and inIdyll7, the poem's programmatic force. There are two aims in this strategy: the first is to investigate the topic of the ‘poet's voice’ in Hellenistic poetry. The three poems and the three topics of my discussion are linked in the concern for how a poet places himself within his poetry – ‘Who speaks?’, as Roland Barthes put it. The interest in poetry and how a poet relates to his poetry is a constant and fascinating theme through these works, and each of the topics I have chosen to discuss will illuminate this interest from a different aspect. Secondly, through a consideration of these three key moments of interpretation, I shall be arguing for an increased awareness of the complexity and subtlety of Hellenistic poetry. I intend to show how critics' approaches and decisions with regard to these nodes of interpretation, which may be regarded as paradigmatic, have led to a worrying oversimplification of Hellenistic poetry. I hope to show in some measure how the intellectual complexity which makes these poems so hard to read and to criticize, can also be a source of their continuing interest and delight for us.
Metaphysics in Aristotle's Embryology
Authors: Cooper John M.
Published: April 2013

Traditionally, discussion of Aristotle's metaphysics, including his theory of form and the ‘what it is to be’ any given substantial object, has dealt extensively with relevant texts in the Categories, Physics, De anima and, of course, the Metaphysics itself. But the biological works have been largely neglected as sources for knowledge about and insight into Aristotle's theory. This seems to me unfortunate. In his biological works Aristotle invokes the form of an animal constantly and in interesting physical and, one would have said, metaphysical detail, as the explanation for much, and that the crucial part, of what happens to it as it develops to maturity and maintains and reproduces itself. One would expect these explanations to reveal something about the character of Aristotelian forms and perhaps even to help resolve some of the many questions not clearly settled by him in his metaphysical writings. It might, I suppose, be argued, on the contrary, that Aristotle thought that the notion of form needed for metaphysical purposes is quite distinct from that needed in order to explain the biological phenomena addressed in the Parts and the Generation of Animals. Conceivably there is no, or only a very loose, systematic connection between what is said about forms in the two sets of works, so that one is not entitled to infer metaphysical consequences – consequences for the nature of forms as they appear and are argued about on metaphysical terrain – from what forms are taken to be like in the biological context. I will not attempt to argue against this line of interpretation here. In the belief that the philosophical interest of doing so will be sufficient justification, I will simply proceed on the natural assumption that Aristotle did intend his biological theory of forms to be a continuous development and extension of whatever theory of substantial forms he meant to be the upshot of his discussion in the central books of the Metaphysics.
The spinner and the poet: Arachne in Ovid's Metamorphoses
Authors: Harries Byron
Published: April 2013

Two artistic competitions in the Metamorphoses, those between the Muses and the daughters of Pierus (5.250–678) and between Arachne and Minerva (6.1–145), are now widely recognised as exploiting familiar generic differentiations. Ovid's treatment of these differentiations is further seen to have a bearing on establishing the elusive poetic identity of the whole poem, and to locate that identity firmly within the Roman response to Alexandrian poetics. The significance of these sections for the literary programme of the Metamorphoses has been persuasively argued by H. Hofmann and E. W. Leach for the Arachne competition, and more recently by Hofmann and S. Hinds for the Pierides. It is now clear how wide the range of literary forms represented at this pivotal point in Metamorphoses actually is, at the close of the first pentad and at the start of the second. Each of the episodes spanning this juncture has its winning and losing side, and there is an obvious way in which the positive and negative judgements in an artistic competition refine the reader's literary discrimination: the outcome of the contests encourages us to see in the competition itself at least an implicit comment on the relative qualities of the participants.
In and Out of the Ostmark Migration, Settlement, and Demographics in Poznania, 1871–1918
Authors: Elizabeth A. Drummond
Published: April 2013

Historians have often viewed the history of the German empire with Berlin firmly in the centre of the lens, thus privileging the nation-state to the neglect of both the local and the transnational. Zooming out to include transnational processes such as migration and to globalise German history enables us to complicate the dominant narratives of the German nation-state. The movements of Germans overseas—whether as migrants, missionaries, or merchants—helped to forge a global presence for the German empire, but also entailed complex negotiations both among Germans and between Germans and their various “others,” thus revealing the ways in which German nationalist and colonial discourses and practices adapted to local conditions. While the German empire sought to establish itself as a colonial power abroad only in the late nineteenth century, Prussia-Germany was already
a colonial power at home, in its eastern provinces. Zooming back in from the global to the local, and refocusing from Berlin to the borderlands, further complicates our understandings of the German empire, by revealing the ways in which local conditions in the eastern borderlands, themselves influenced by transnational phenomena such as international migration, informed the development of German nationalism there. Most notably, the demographics of the Prussian eastern provinces—and the movements of Jews, Germans, Poles, and Ruthenians/Ukrainians in and out of the region—required German nationalists to integrate greater flexibility into their discourse.
The formation of ‘Hip-Hop Academicus’ – how American scholars talk about the academisation of hip-hop
Authors: Söderman Johan
Published: April 2013

Social activism and education have been associated with hip-hop since it emerged in New York City 38 years ago. Therefore, it might not be surprising that universities have become interested in hip-hop. This article aims to highlight this ‘hip-hop academisation’ and analyse the discursive mechanisms that manifest in these academisation processes. The guiding research question explores how hip-hop scholars talk about this academisation. The theoretical framework is informed by the scholarship of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. Hip-hop scholars were interviewed in New York City during 2010. The results demonstrate themes of hip-hop as an attractive label, a door opener, a form of ‘low-culture’, a trap and an educational tool.
Profiling the jazz singer
Authors: Hargreaves Wendy
Published: April 2013

This paper presents new data extracted from the National Survey of Jazz Instrumentalists and Vocalists. The survey was administered to 209 professional jazz musicians who resided and performed in Australia during 2009–2010. Presented here are five statistically significant characteristics which differentiate vocalists’ experiences from other jazz musicians. These are: the singers’ preference for learning by imitation, their use of chords to find starting notes, their reliance on aural feedback, their greater sense of personal risk in improvisation, and their desire to be comfortable when performing lyrics. The results are accompanied by suggestions as to how jazz educators may respond to the findings.
Can friends protect genetically vulnerable children from depression?
Authors: Brendgen Mara , Vitaro Frank , Bukowski William M. , Dionne Ginette , Tremblay Richard E. , Boivin Michel
Published: April 2013

The study examined whether reciprocal friendship quantity or quality can mitigate genetic vulnerability for depression symptoms in children. The sample comprised 168 monozygotic twin pairs and 126 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs assessed in Grade 4 (mean age = 10.04 years). Friendship participation was measured via reciprocal nominations of close friendships within the classroom. Friendship quality was measured through self-reports. Depression symptoms were measured through teacher and peer reports. Genetic vulnerability for depression symptoms was unrelated to friendship participation or the number of reciprocal friends, but it was negatively related to positive friendship quality. In line with gene–environment interaction, genetic risk effects on depression symptoms were mitigated in girls who had at least one close reciprocal friend. In boys, only moderate main effects of genetic vulnerability and friendship participation were found but no interaction between them. However, among boys with at least one reciprocal friend, a greater number of friends was related to fewer depression symptoms whereas no cumulative effect of friendship was found for girls. Finally, positive friendship quality was related to fewer depression symptoms in girls and boys even when controlling for genetic risk. The findings emphasize the importance of teaching social interactional skills that promote high-quality friendship relations to help prevent the development of depression symptoms in children.
The role of pubertal timing and temperamental vulnerability in adolescents' internalizing symptoms
Authors: Crockett Lisa J. , Carlo Gustavo , Wolff Jennifer M. , Hope Meredith O.
Published: April 2013

This longitudinal study examined the joint role of pubertal timing and temperament variables (emotional reactivity and self-regulation) in predicting adolescents' internalizing symptoms. The multiethnic sample included 1,025 adolescent girls and boys followed from age 11 to age 15 (Mage = 11.03 years at Time 1). In structural equation models, age 11 measures of pubertal timing, emotional reactivity, and self-regulation and their interactions were used to predict adolescents' internalizing behavior concurrently and at age 15. Results indicated that, among girls, early pubertal timing, higher emotional reactivity, and lower self-regulation predicted increased internalizing behavior. In addition, self-regulation moderated the effect of pubertal timing such that effects of earlier timing on subsequent internalizing were seen primarily among girls with relatively poor self-regulation. Among boys, higher levels of emotional reactivity and lower self-regulation predicted increased internalizing, but there were no effects of pubertal timing. After controlling for Time 1 internalizing symptoms, only self-regulation predicted change in internalizing symptoms. Discussion focuses on the possible interplay of temperament and pubertal development in predicting internalizing problems during adolescence.