bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A newly developed recovery-enhancing device improves recovery scores during emergence from general anesthesia in horses: a randomized trial
Authors: Campoy Luis , Martin-Flores Manuel , Araos Joaquin , Parry Stephen A. , Gleed Robin D.
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE

To compare the quality of recovery in horses emerging from general anesthesia with or without the assistance of a novel device (recovery-enhancing device [RED]) designed to minimize high-energy falls.

ANIMALS

20 mixed-breed horses, between July 1, 2023, and January 24, 2024.

METHODS

A computer-controlled belay system designed to slow the acceleration of a horse during a fall was evaluated in this study. Horses were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: RED (belay, assisted) or FREE (unassisted). An inertia-measuring unit was fitted to all horses and data were live streamed and recorded onto a computer for further analysis. Recoveries were scored using the composite grading scale (CGS; 0 to 100) by 3 independent observers. Two additional unitless recovery scores (RS and RS’), based on accelerometry values (high accelerations, less desirable), were calculated for each recovery. All the recovery scores were compared between the 2 treatment groups.

RESULTS

Composite grading scale scores were 26 ± 10 and 46 ± 13 in the RED and FREE groups, respectively (P = .001). The RS was 120 ± 79 and 198 ± 34 for the RED and FREE treatment groups, respectively (P = .015). The RS’ was 32 (7 to 50) and 46 (28 to 44) for the RED and FREE treatment groups, respectively (P = .038).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The RED improves the recovery scores compared with unassisted recoveries. This device may lead to a potential reduction in the number and severity of injuries in horses and personnel involved during the recovery period.
Trimethoprim-sulfonamide: a valid antimicrobial treatment in foals?
Authors: Gustafsson Kajsa , Sykes Benjamin W. , Verwilghen Denis , Palmers Katrien , Sullivan Stacey , van Galen Gaby
Published: March 2024

Trimethoprim-sulfonamide (TMPS) combinations are widely used to treat a range of infectious diseases in horses, but some equine practitioners are reluctant to use them for treatment of both neonatal and older foals. Considering the emergence of increased antimicrobial resistance, the use of protected antimicrobials commonly prescribed to foals should be avoided and alternative first-line therapy considered, where appropriate. This review examines the characteristics and pharmacokinetics of TMPS and its suitability for treatment of foals. Data regarding dosage and route of administration are reported on the basis of recent publications in foals. The review intends to share significant information about the common infections that are most likely responsive to TMPS treatment in foals and, as such, where TMPS might be considered a suitable first-line therapeutic option.
Risk analysis for groundwater in the area of the municipal waste landfill in Sosnowiec, South Poland
Authors: Bareła Natalia , Dąbrowska Dominika
Published: March 2024

Risk assessment for groundwater allows for preventive activities in the field of environmental monitoring. The risk assessment for groundwater in the area of the municipal waste landfill in Sosnowiec was carried out using the Nemerov Index (NPI) and the Enrichment Index (EF), as well as a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis and a risk matrix. It was performed on the basis of the database from 2014-2019 for ten piezometers belonging to the landfill’s observation network. In the case of the risk matrix, 20 risks were identified regarding climatic conditions, landfill infrastructure and employees. The SWOT analysis considered the strengths and weaknesses of the facility as well as opportunities related to technological development and threats related primarily to the location of the facility within the landscape. The risk assessment indices were calculated for the following parameters: electrolytic conductivity, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, TOC, HCO3, Cl, SO4, and NH4. The highest values of the NPI index exceeded 3,500 (in a single measurement), while for the EF index the values reached almost 500. These prove the impact of this facility on the quality of groundwater. However, hydrochemical background value and the value of the immobile parameter are also important. This article uses limit values for the first class of groundwater quality. The results of above mentioned methods indicate a medium risk to groundwater, and the opportunities and strengths of the facility outweigh the negative aspects of the plant’s operation. Further research should include the identification of additional risk factors and the likely response to risk.
Land use and land cover change in East Java from 2015 to 2021: Use optical imagery and Google Earth engine
Authors: Mandala Marga , Indarto Indarto , Rodhi Nova Nevila , Saputra Akhmad Andi , Hakim Farid Lukman
Published: March 2024

This study analysed the changes in land use and land cover (LULC) in East Java Province by comparing two LULC maps interpreted from optical imagery. The images captured from 2015 to 2017 were selected to represent the initial LULC maps. Then, the images collected from 2020 to 2021 were considered the recent LULC maps. The input imagery was prepared using the Google Earth engine (GEE). The Random Forest algorithm was used for classification. In this study, eight significant LULC classes were categorised, i.e., built-up area (BU), heterogeneous-agricultural land (HAL), bare soil (BS), paddy field (PF), open water (OW), vegetation (VG), shrubland (SH), and wetland (WL). Next, the training samples were interpreted from Google Earth Pro. Then, the GEE satellite base map and the ground control points (GCPs) were collected. The collected GCPs were split into 70% training and 30% validation data. The results showed that significant LULC Change was more marked in the most urbanised areas (in and around the big cities), followed by LULC change in and around medium towns and rural areas. Four classes experienced an area increase, i.e., BU (+30.23%), HAL (+30.77%), BS (+24.52%), and PF (+14.36%). As a consequence, the other four classes compensated for the increase, i.e., OW (−32.79%), VG (−25.72%), SH (−6.59%), and WL (−25.53%). Regional development from 2015 to 2021 has increased built-up areas. Conversely, the development has reduced OW, VG, SH, and WL. The LULC changes have significantly changed the natural landscape to a human-dominated one.
Metafiction, Defamiliarization and Cognitive Science: Andrew Crumey’s Mr Mee and Richard Powers’ Galatea 2.2
Authors: Selejan Corina
Published: March 2024

The present article considers two metafictional novels published at the end of the 20th century against the background of cognitive literary studies. The formal features of the novels are discussed with a view to the way they defamiliarize various concepts: fiction itself, consciousness, memory, science, art, reading, the internet, artificial intelligence, etc. The novels’ attempts at fostering a dialogue between fiction and the humanities, on the one hand, and science and technology, on the other, are mirrored by the reader’s vacillation between engagement and detachment and the effects of the texts’ self-reflexivity on the reader’s mind.
Vico’s Thunderous Echoes: The New Science and Finnegans Wake
Authors: Pop Iuliana
Published: March 2024

The strandentwining intertext of Finnegans Wake both obscures and unveils meaning. The cultural ramifications of James Joyce’s intertext, however, run deep, as he subjects the relevant intertexts to subsequent rewritings in order to multiply meaning. In such context, intertextuality in itself can be likened to a translation, whereby otherness is adapted into a literary space to enable the construction or reconstruction of new significance, thus facilitating a far-reaching cross-cultural dialogue; both author and readers, in turn, assume the role of poeta doctus and litteratus doctus, respectively. Accordingly, the intertexts Joyce has sewn into the text are in constant transformation both via their medium and their audience, as is the case with the Viconian intertext. Giambattista Vico’s The New Science was carefully integrated by Joyce into Finnegans Wake1 and adapted to Irish society; Vico’s philosophical thought, which permeates the Wake, provides structure and enables the layering of intertextual units, thus multiplying significations and intended meanings. Vico’s theories on language and history enable diachronic and anachronic explorations within the Wake, as well as a simultaneous existence of different systems of thought. Joyce’s use of the thunderwords as a primal linguistic expression, coupled with his creative cultural exploits and the systematic structuring of the Wake find their origin in Vico’ The New Science.
Death Is Sacred: Being and Non-Being in Sarah Hall’s “Theatre 6”
Authors: Ciocoi-Pop-Vecsei Maria-Miruna
Published: March 2024

The short story “Theatre 6” is one of three post-apocalyptic short stories included in Sarah Hall’s collection Madame Zero, first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 2013. The story is inspired by the real-life case of Savita Halappanavar, who died of septic shock at Galway University Hospital in 2012 because of being denied an abortion on grounds of septic miscarriage. The text paints a dystopian vision of a not so far away future where the Hunter fetal care act legislatively places the life of unborn babies higher than the one of mothers. The protagonists are a genderless anaesthesiologist, Dr. Rosinski, and a nameless patient, brought to a London hospital in septic shock, following a denied abortion in spite of a miscarriage suffered several days before. The time of narration is uncertain; however, the story is generally taken to be placed in a future where present-day anti-abortion tendencies have taken over the British judicial system. The story discusses the being/non-being dichotomy from a variety of perspectives: life-death, morals-hypocrisy, religion-secularism, male-female, empathy-bureaucracy, truth-duplicity. The ultimate question the text raises is what or whose life is sacred in a world that has jettisoned all semblance of sanity?
“My Nine-Digit American-Dream”: Undocumentedness and Unwelcomeness in Do You Know Who I Am?
Authors: Moise Andreea
Published: March 2024

The community-based performance Do You Know Who I Am? (2013; Motus Theater, Boulder; dir. Kirsten Wilson) relates the lived experience in the U.S. under the DACA (Deferred Action for Child Arrivals) programme, told by an undocumented Mexican cast. By reclaiming the label ‘undocumented migrants’ whose residency on American land without legal authorisation implies a dehumanising dimension of the ‘illegal alien,’ the cast defines the state of undocumentedness as the lived conditions of vulnerability, exploitation, displacement and perpetual fear determined by living under ‘illegality’ and non-citizenship. My purpose is to analyse the stylistic and thematic oratorical components of the dramatic performance in line with the ontological construction of its performers as undocumented – undocumentedness itself becomes a “space of legal nonexistence” in Susan Coutin’s understanding –, unwelcome (by virtue of Derrida’s theorisation of the standards of hostipitality), as well as subjects/objects of racial hatred. Immigrants become collective projections of criminality, a threat to the nation within a “we” against “them” horizontal conflict (Ahmed 51). Within this framework, the performance consolidates an ontology of the Mexican migrant rooted in social stigma and the constructedness of labels, and undocumentedness becomes the locus of a collective imaginarium with repercussions on the immigrant’s survival in society.
Ambiguities and Points of Rupture in Eavan Boland’s Poetry
Authors: Mitrea Alexandra
Published: March 2024

This article sets out to explore the ambiguities and points of rupture in the lyrical works of one of the best-known Irish poets of the last fifty years, Eavan Boland. I intend to zoom in on poetic sequences where the text does not flow seamlessly and will try to find possible explanations for these ruptures, illuminating, in the process, the merits of a poet who has tried to recuperate the image of the Irish woman, saving it from stereotypes and cliches. However, I will also shed light on how Boland herself falls prey to more or less the same stereotypes. What the article ultimately does is raise questions which are still waiting for answers.
Challenging the Morpheme: Cross-Linguistic Occurrences of Phonaesthemic Structures
Authors: Creangă Maria-Teodora
Published: March 2024

The article below sets out to demonstrate that a long-time underestimated concept in linguistics, the phonaestheme, may find its rightful place in morphological theory alongside the morpheme, traditionally defined as the smallest linguistic unit carrying meaning. The analysis includes a critical survey of literature in the field intended to offer a more comprehensive and integrated theoretical perspective on the nature of the phonaestheme and reject the idea that the sign is exclusively arbitrary. Once this objective has been achieved, the focus of the article will switch to determining how phonaesthemic meaning occurs cross-linguistically and to what extent. In order to achieve this, Margaret Magnus’s phonosemantic classification will be discussed and applied in the case of Romanian phonaesthemes.
Negotiating Afro-Oriental Religious Eco-Political Space and the Modernist Backlash in God Was African by Nkemngong Nkengasong and Chronicles of a Corpse Bearer by Cyrus Mistry
Authors: Ebliylu Nyanchi Marcel
Published: March 2024

This article examines the representation of the connection between religious beliefs and the natural environment around sacred places in God Was African by Nkemngong Nkengasong and Chronicles of a Corpse Bearer by Cyrus Mistry. Comparing the eco-cycle around Zoroastrian Fire Temples, the Towers of Silence in Bombay and the shrines of Fuondem and other gods in Lewoh traditional religion, this article argues that the inter-connectivity between these Parsi-Bangwa religions reveals that gods reside in our immediate environment and only our eco-politics can preserve this supernatural connection. Using ecocriticism, therefore, I contend that the Parsis in India and the Bangwa in Lebialem revere and protect natural abodes of the gods like earth, water, hills, valleys, forests and fire against the devastating environmental crises heralded by the modernist backlash. The modern transformation of these sacred places into sources of generating renewable and artificial energies accounts for the different physical and ideological conflicts that abound in the two novels. As such, by protecting the different forms of life that inhabit these sacred places, this article concludes that Nkengasong’s and Mistry’s eco-poetical language and style in God Was African and Chronicles of a Corpse Bearer reflect Lewoh traditional religion, Zoroastrianism and the environment, participating in the Afro-Oriental artistic crusade for biophilia and environmentally friendly belief systems.
Curvilinear Approach to Landing
Authors: Pieniążek Jacek , Cieciński Piotr
Published: March 2024

The article describes the problem of controlling an aircraft control when performing a landing on a curvilinear trajectory. The adoption of a curvilinear approach trajectory allows reducing the impact of air traffic on the areas adjacent to the airport. Performing the correct approach on the curvilinear path requires support. For the correct execution of the landing manoeuvre on the curvilinear track, it is necessary to establish reference points so that the repeatability of the manoeuvre is ensured, especially in the case of landing more than one aircraft at the same time. In the following parts, the landing control system is presented. Particularly carefully presented is the issue of performing tests of the designed control system, which in the case of the aircraft control system during the approach to landing must be extremely thoroughly verified. The test plan included both verification the correctness of the adopted control laws and their robustness to interference occurring as a result of atmospheric air streams.
Various Blowing-Suction Schemes for Manipulating Turbulent Boundary Layers
Authors: Shkvar Yevhenii , Shiju E , Kryzhanovskyi Andrii , Redchyts Dmytro
Published: March 2024

The methodology of efficiency analysis of turbulent flow modification by making permeable sections in the streamlined wing surface with the aim to reduce aerodynamic drag is the principal subject of the presented research. The numerical analysis of the effect of laterally and longitudinally located permeable sections on boundary-layer properties showed the following flow features: (1) the most effective place for permeable surface is an upwind side of the wing; (2) multi-sectional blowing can simply be organised as non-uniform (especially in the case of laterally arranged permeable sections) that brings additional flexibility to change the blowing intensity depending on flight mode and, first of all, on angle of attack; and (3) arrays of longitudinal permeable sections allow to intensify turbulent vortical structures exchange in the lateral direction and improve flow stability to stall. Moreover, due to creating the regular anisotropy of the boundary layer in the lateral direction, this modified blowing technique can potentially have some synergistic properties, which can give the additional benefit. All these effects are too delicate and their experimental study cannot be performed with the use of directed measurements of aerodynamic forces. The comparison of the obtained flow properties with the corresponding experimental data demonstrates an appropriate level of agreement.
Flap Strut Fairing System Expluatation and Critical Path Method Use
Authors: Zetliņa Sintija , Kleinhofs Mārtiņš
Published: March 2024

The flap strut fairing system is made of movable construction inside, but the outer skin is made of composite material. Each day, we can face an expensive repair for movable construction and outer skin as most of the aviation companies are dealing with mechanical issues that are not solved during a long period of time or somebody misses it due to human errors. In this abstract, we will look for options for easier and faster solutions to avoid the expensive operation process.
Calculation and Design of the Main Equipment for Mobile Space Simulation System
Authors: Mozga Natalija , Gutans Juris , Kubulins Raivis , Chatys Rafał
Published: March 2024

This article presents the results of the analysis of approaches to designing a mobile vacuum system ‘METAMORPHOSIS’ for simulation of space environment, which could help provide services of testing space objects at the request of the customers at a place and time acceptable to them, which allows saving time and assets in the development of space objects, their elements, including satellites. As a result of the conducted analysis, methodological approaches to the determination of the structure of the vacuum system were undertaken. To avoid unanticipated issues and to validate computer-driven modelling, testing in a space simulation chamber is an important part of the quality-assurance process. Spacecraft and their components must withstand extreme temperatures and pressure to travel outside the Earth’s atmosphere. Space simulation testing involves the use of a thermal vacuum chamber to replicate the conditions experienced in space.
Environmental Awareness and Its Impact on University Social Responsibility of Students at A Private University in Chimbote, Perú
Authors: Rodríguez Ronald Floriano , Horna Richard Fermín Contreras , Placido Juana Maribel Manrique , Montano Julio , Horna Azucena Magdalena Contreras , Cutamanca Héctor Daniel Corcino
Published: March 2024

Purpose: To analyze the influence of environmental awareness on university social responsibility among students of a private university in Chimbote, Peru.
 
Theoretical framework: Theories associated with environmental awareness, university social responsibility and other factors were addressed.
 
Method: A mixed Dexplis-type approach was applied, with a non-experimental and cross-sectional design, where the total population was 1180 university students and the probability sample for the survey was 290 students and the non-probability sample for the interview was 30 students that served to collect quantitative and qualitative data respectively. Quantitative data were obtained through the ECA-FMEP instrument of environmental awareness (Laso et al., 2019), whose reliability was assessed by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient α = 0.905 and the RSU was evaluated through the RSU scale instrument of university social responsibility (Serrano et al., 2022), whose reliability was assessed by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient α = 0.868 which was obtained by being applied to a pilot test of 30 learners, where the quantitative data obtained were then processed in SPSS, and the qualitative data were obtained from the answers to the questionnaire of open questions that were evaluated with Atlas.ti software considering 20 codes, 12 sub categories and 8 categories, also taking into account other factors that influence the USR.
 
Results and conclusions: The results support a very high degree of positive correlation between environmental awareness and university social responsibility with an rs = 0.967 and a significance level of p = 0.000, where the coefficient of determination shows that environmental awareness influences 94.7% of university social responsibility, while the remaining 5.3% is affected by other factors. It is concluded that there is a very high positive correlation and there is a 94.7% influence of environmental awareness on university social responsibility, where the remaining 5.3% is due to other factors such as socioeconomic level, previous education, personal experiences, influences and the legal framework in force.
 
Originality/value: To provide insight into students' perceptions on the management of environmental awareness and its influence on university social responsibility.
Análise comparativa de escaneamentos de superfícies de perfis de emergência peri-implantares, a partir da utilização de diferentes postes de escaneamento - Fase I
Authors: Netto Valladão Antônio Sérgio , Pereira Terra Ana Luiza , De Almeida Lozasso Vieira Isadora , Conceição Leal Wallace , Ferreira e Silva Monique
Published: March 2024

Objetivos: Analisar, laboratorialmente, escaneamentos de superfícies de perfis de emergência peri-implantares, a partir da utilização de diferentes postes de escaneamento.  Materiais e Método: A partir da utilização de três modelos MAV, foram executadas perfurações com o auxílio de guias cirúrgicas e análogos dos implantes Unitite Prime (SIN), Helix GM Narrow (Neodent) e TRI Bioneck (Dérig) foram instalados, respectivamente, nos modelos M1, M2 e M3, sendo um análogo por modelo. Cada modelo foi escaneado com um poste de escaneamento específico, resultando em arquivos STL, cujas imagens foram utilizadas para a análise visual dos perfis de emergência escaneados. Resultados e Discussão: A análise visual das imagens advindas dos arquivos STL, mostrou que o EPS (EPS - Emergence Profile Scanbody - Pat. Req. BR1020200019481), o GM Implant Intraoral Scanbody (Neodent, Brasil) e o transfer para escaneamento TRI NP (Dérig, Brasil) permitiram o correto escaneamento dos respectivos perfis de emergência. Conclusões: Os três postes de escaneamento utilizados podem obter bons resultados clínicos quando da necessidade de transferência do posicionamento 3D do implante endósseo associado à cópia do perfil de emergência peri-implantar. A análise geométrica a ser realizada na fase II deste estudo será fundamental para verificar a superioridade de um ou outro poste de escaneamento, na captura do perfil de emergência peri-implantar. São indicadas análises adicionais para perfis de emergência de outros elementos dentários, uso de outros postes de escaneamento, assim como da performance de outros escâneres intraorais.
Pengaruh Suhu Pengeringan dan Konsentrasi Penambahan Bubuk Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius) terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Organoleptik Klepon
Authors: Arimawan Jonathan , Santoso Agus
Published: March 2024

Klepon merupakan jajanan tradisional Indonesia yang terbuat dari berbagai bahan seperti tepung ketan, tepung beras, pandan wangi, gula merah, gula pasir, air, garam, dan kelapa parut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi suhu pengeringan pandan dan konsentrasi penambahan bubuk pandan terhadap karakteristik fisik (warna (L*, a*, b*) serta tekstur (springiness)) dan organoleptik (hedonik mutu dan hedonik) klepon. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial. Terdapat dua faktor, faktor I adalah suhu pengeringan pandan yang terdiri dari suhu 40℃ (P1), 50℃ (P2), dan 60℃ (P3), faktor II adalah konsentrasi bubuk pandan sebesar 6% (K1), 8% (K2), dan 10% (K3). Analisis data yang digunakan adalah ANOVA dan jika terjadi perbedaan nyata / sangat nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi suhu pengeringan pandan dan konsentrasi penambahan bubuk pandan memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap warna L*, warna a*, tekstur, hedonik mutu warna, dan hedonik mutu tekstur klepon. Sedangkan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap warna b*, hedonik mutu rasa, dan hedonik mutu aroma.
Modifikasi Media Tanam Sebagai Optimalisasi Transplanting Kultur Jaringan Anggrek Bulan (Phalaenopsis Amabilis)
Authors: Ningsih Riani , Herman Estu Eka Putra  , Andre Eka Nanda
Published: March 2024

Anggrek adalah salah jenis tanaman hias yang digemari oleh masyarakat pencinta bunga. Anggrek mempunyai bentuk, ukuran, jenis dan warna bunga yang sangat bervariasi dan memiliki kesegaran bunga yang relatif tahan lama, selain itu juga mempunyai nilai estetika yang tinggi. Pembiakan tanaman anggrek saat ini lebih banyak dilakukan melalui teknik kultur jaringan secara in vitro. Di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Politeknik Negeri Jember dalam tahap pengembangan pembiakan anggrek bulan. Selama ini PLP di Laboratorium tersebut melakukan transplanting anggrek bulan dengan media tanam yang dirasa belum sesuai dengan kebutuhan pertumbuhan anggrek bulan sehingga tidak tumbuh secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh modifikasi media tanam terbaik sebagai optimalisasi transplanting kultur jaringan anggrek bulan (Phalaenopsis amabilis). Metode penelitian ini adalah pengujian dan perbandingan modifikasi media tanam transplanting anggrek dengan penambahan beberapa bahan organik sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai SOP untuk pengembangan TEFA di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Politeknik Negeri Jember. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah Panjang tanaman, Jumlah daun, Lebar daun, Panjang Daun, Presentase Keberhasilan dan Berat Basah Planlet.
Studi Komputasi Daidzein, Galangin, Genistein, Naringenin sebagai Inhibitor Korosi Besi dengan Metode DFT dan Membandingkannya dengan Luteolin
Authors: Stiadi Yeni , Muhammad Ilham  , Emriadi
Published: March 2024

Corrosion inhibitors of daidzein, galangin, genistein, naringenin and luteolin compounds have been studied using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method with the basis set B3LYP/6-31G using the Gaussian program. To prevent corrosion, organic inhibitors are needed which are safe for the environment. Therefore, researchers are looking for other organic inhibitors that have the potential to prevent corrosion. The calculated quantum chemical parameters are EHOMO, ELUMO, gap energy (∆E), ionization potential (I), electron affinity (A), electronegativity (X), hardness (ɳ), softness (σ), electrophilicity (ω), nucleophilicity (ε), mulliken charge density, back-donation energy (Eb-d), electron transfer (∆N), adsorption energy (Eads), and bond energy (Ebinding). Theoretical calculations show that naringenin is a good inhibitor compared to other compounds so that it can be used as an alternative organic inhibitor to replace luteolin. In this research, naringenin is a compound that has the potential as an inhibitor as seen from the structure and parameter calculations that have been carried out, so that naringenin can be used as an organic inhibitor to replace luteolin. The theoretical order of increasing inhibition is naringenin > genistein > galangin > daidzein. This theoretical study will greatly contribute to the experimental research of organic inhibitors because the theoretical increase in inhibition is already known.
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder dari Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp)
Authors: Ferdinal Norman , Afrizal  , Reynol Devryonda
Published: March 2024

Salam plant (Syzygium polyanthum) is a plant from the Myrtaceae family and the Syzygium genus, which is widely used as a traditional medicine to treat hypertension, ulcers, diarrhea, skin diseases, lower cholesterol, control uric acid levels, and diabetes. This study aims to isolate and characterize secondary metabolites from the ethyl acetate extract of bay leaves. Isolation of secondary metabolites was carried out by column chromatography and characterization with Ultravolet-Visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometers. The isolated compound is a white solid of 0.0082 g with a melting point of 190-192°C. The results of the identification of the phytochemical profile on the TLC plate with the Liebermen-Burchard (LB) reagent showed that the compound was a triterpenoid group. The results of the UV-Vis spectrum analysis showed maximum absorption at a wavelength of 221 nm indicating the presence of π-π* electron transitions from the unconjugated C=C bond and the results of the FTIR spectrum analysis showed the presence of OH, C-O (alcohol), C=C groups. (alkenes), C-H is aliphatic and geminal dimethyl.
Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan, Kandungan Fenolik Total, dan Uji Sitotoksik dari Ekstrak Rumput Banto (Leersia hexandra Swartz.)
Authors: Salim Emil , Suryati  , Rifi Iron Akhfifni
Published: March 2024

Banto grass, known as animal feed and tradicional medicine, has anticancer, antioxidant, and antihypertensive effect. The purpose of this study was to determine the secondary metabolite content, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and cytotoxic activity. Maceration extraction with variation of solvent (hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) was used to obtain the banto grass extract. Antioxidant activity of  the banto grass and control determined using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) method: Methanol (IC50 154,75 mg/L), Ethyl Acetate (IC50 224,47 mg/L) and Hexane (IC50 268,59 mg/L). Vitamin C (IC50 9,31 mg/L) served as control.The methanol extract had weak antioxidant activity while ethyl acetate and hexane extract had very weak antioxidant activity. The banto grass was screened for total phenolic content using Folin-Ciocalteu method: Methanol (0,3 mg GAE/g dry extract), Ethyl Acetate (0,23 mg GAE/g dry extract), and Hexane (0,11 mg GAE/g dry extract). There was negative correlation between IC50 and total phenolic content of the banto grass extract. Cytotoxic activity of the banto grass determined using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method: Methanol (LC50 2454, 14 mg/L), Ethyl Acetate (LC50 233,13 mg/L) and Hexane (LC50 220,39 mg/L). The hexane and ethyl acetate extract had toxic properties while methanol extract had not toxic properties.
Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Lignin Dari Kulit Jengkol (Pithecellobium jiringa) Sebagai Inhibitor Korosi Baja Lunak Dalam Medium HCl
Authors: Emriadi Emriadi , Savira Nurul Hayuni  , Yeni Stiadi
Published: March 2024

Lignin extract from jengkol peel (Pithecellobium jiringa) as a mild steel corrosion inhibitor in 1 M HCl solution was studied using weight loss method, characterization Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and optical microscopy. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing temperature and the concentration of lignin extract in 1 M HCl solution. The highest efficiency value was 90,1% with the addition of 10 g/L extracts at 60°C. The adsorption of lignin extract from jengkol peel followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), and activation energy were calculated to determine the mechanism of corrosion inhibition. FTIR analysis and UV-Vis spectroscopy showed an interaction between lignin extract from jengkol peel and mild steel surface. Optical microscopy analysis showed that lignin extract from jengkol peel could reduce the formation of rust on the steel surface.
Sintesis Nanopartikel Titanium Dioksida (TiO2) dengan Menggunakan Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Gunung Omeh dan Karakteristiknya
Authors: Wellia Diana Vanda , Shelvira Edelwita  , Putri Yulia Eka
Published: March 2024

In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized without adding extract (0% v/v) (control) and with the addition of Gunung Omeh orange peel extract with various concentration, namely 4% v/v, 10% v/v, and 20% v /v. This study aims to study the use of Gunung Omeh orange peel extract on the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles and determine its characteristics. The characteristics of the resulting nanoparticles were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible (DRS UV-Vis), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Thermo Gravimetric and Differential Thermal Analyzer (TG-DTA). XRD results showed that the TiO2 phase formed was anatase. The optical property of TiO2 nanoparticles showed that the obtained TiO2 nanoparticles absorb in the UV region (200-400 nm). The results of SEM-EDX show that the resulting TiO2 nanoparticles are spherical. Meanwhile, the TOKJ20 sample has increased agglomeration so that the particle shape is rod-like. The EDX spectrum showes the presence of Ti and O peaks indicated the formation of TiO2. The results of BET measurement showed that the control TiO2 had a larger surface area of 66.11 m2/g compared to TiO2 using the addition of other orange peel extracts. From the results obtained, it was concluded that, in general, the addition of orange peel extract did not significantly affect the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles.
Isolasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Dari Fraksi Aktif Antibakteri Pada Tumbuhan Sirih Merah (Piper porphyrophyllum)
Authors: Efdi Mai , M. Iqbal Alfarisyi  , Arifin Bustanul
Published: March 2024

The red betel plant (Piper porphyrophyllum) belongs to the Piperaceae family which is traditionally used to treat various diseases, including headaches, bone pain, chest tightness, leprosy, stomach ache, as well as for various other diseases such as skin diseases and diabetes. In this study, the antibacterial activity was tested for the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of red betel nut using the disc diffusion method and the isolation of secondary metabolites from the hexane fraction of red betel nut using column chromatography technique. Determination of the antibacterial activity of the three fractions showed that the methanol extract had better antibacterial activity compared to the hexane extract and ethyl acetate extract. UV spectrum analysis showed 3 bands with absorption of 282 nm in band I, 274.80 nm in band II and 224.80 nm in band III which means that they show characteristics for triterpenoid group compounds. FTIR analysis showed the presence of C-H, CH2, C=O, C-O alcohol and geminal dimethyl functional groups in the isolated compounds.
Study of Physico-chemical properties and Amino Acid Profiling of Buffalo Paneer and Acid whey
Authors: B Indu , Vinoj Vrindha , Muthuswamy Dharani , L Vysakh
Published: March 2024

Whey is a liquid by-product obtained from coagulated milk products like paneer and cheese. The operational cost of the effluent treatment plant is increased by the measures taken for the safe disposal of whey. Importance of the nutritional value of whey and the properties of its constituents has been the subject of numerous studies over the past few years. The present study was undertaken to study the physico-chemical properties and amino acid profiling of buffalo paneer and acid whey produced out of it. Due to the availability of both essential and non-essential amino acids, the study revealed that paneer and acid whey from buffalo milk were both nutritionally significant. There is a significant presence of both essential and non-essential amino acids even in the acid whey which is generally considered a waste needs to be thought of and further researched for its benefits and utilization in the best possible ways.
Principales cambios en aspectos biopsicosociales de adolescentes chilenos tras dos años de docencia remota de emergencia
Authors: Sánchez-Uribe Gonzalo , Jaramillo-Arce Génesis , Quiroga-Sanzana Claudia
Published: March 2024

El confinamiento durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 fue un proceso de ajuste en la vida de todo el mundo. El objetivo de esta investigación enmarcada en la tesis de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Concepción “Principales cambios en el desarrollo biopsicosocial de adolescentes de la comuna de Coronel, tras dos años de docencia remota de emergencia”, consistió en explorar y describir los cambios tras la docencia remota de emergencia en aspectos biopsicosociales de adolescentes.   Para ello se analizaron las siguientes variables en tres dimensiones. En la Dimensión Biológica se midió actividad física, comportamiento de dieta y calidad del sueño. En la Dimensión Psicológica se abordó sensación de satisfacción con la vida, bienestar mental positivo y estados de ánimo y sentimientos.  Por último, en la Dimensión Social se evalúo la participación social.
Se planteó una metodología cuantitativa, con un diseño descriptivo, relacional y transversal.  La muestra estuvo compuesta por 194 estudiantes entre 14 a 18 años de edad, de cinco establecimientos educativos de dependencia municipal de la comuna de Coronel, región del Biobío, Chile. Para efectos de la recolección de datos se aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado. Los resultados indicaron que los principales cambios en la vida de los adolescentes se observan en las áreas de actividad física, bienestar mental positivo y participación social; a su vez, que los hombres presentan un mayor bienestar mental positivo que las mujeres.
Subjetividades, reconciliación y educación rural en la construcción de paz del municipio de Fundación-Magdalena
Authors: Herrera-Prada Daniela Stefania
Published: March 2024

El conflicto armado en la costa caribe colombiana ha dejado profundas afectaciones en el tejido social, las relaciones familiares y la salud mental de las comunidades que han sido víctimas de la confrontación de los actores armados en la disputa por el control territorial. Dichos impactos en la población civil se han hecho más visibles en las niñas, niños y jóvenes, quienes sufren los traumas intergeneracionales y la reproducción de las dinámicas de violencia que se instauraron en los imaginarios de sus padres, familiares y en sus comunidades.
Objetivo: realizar un análisis reflexivo sobre cómo las categorías de subjetividad y reconciliación se articulan en los procesos educativos gestados desde la educación rural y cómo esto aporta a la construcción de paz en el municipio de Fundación-Magdalena.
Método: esta investigación se llevó a cabo desde la Investigación Acción Participativa con un enfoque cualitativo. Hallazgos: la educación rural ha sido determinante para la construcción de subjetividades comprometidas con el relacionamiento pacífico, la transformación de las dinámicas familiares, el reconocimiento de la diferencia y demás aspectos que son indispensables para la reconciliación; así como procesos de memoria que pretenden dignificar a las víctimas, garantizando el derecho a la reparación integral. En este contexto, la educación rural se presenta como un escenario donde confluyen dinámicas de socialización vinculantes que permiten el reconocimiento de la emocionalidad de los otros, la importancia del cuidado colectivo y el respeto por las diferencias, en el marco de apuestas pedagógicas que propenden a la construcción de paz.
THE INFLUENCE OF RELIGIOSITY, LITERACY, AND SERVICE QUALITY ON PAYMENT COMPLIANCE VEHICLE TAX IN KUDUS
Authors: Wibisono Merliana , Putu Piastini Sang Ayu
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the influence of religiosity, Knowledge, and quality service of the taxpayer on the vehicle tax payment in Kudus. The data was obtained by spreading the 210 questionnaires in samsat (Sistem Administrasi Manunggal Satu Atap) Kudus. The ten questionnaire data should have been addressed since they were not suitable to be used. Therefore only 200 questionnaires were used. The obtained data was sampled by applying the purposive sampling method. The sample data was then calculated by simple linear regression analysis. The criteria for sampling data were the taxpayer who registered in Samsat Kudus and had tax arrears. The input variables in this study are tax religiosity, taxpayer knowledge, and service quality. Meanwhile, the output variable in this study is motor vehicle tax compliance. Three hypotheses were developed according to the used variables. These developed hypothesis stated that religiosity, Knowledge, and service quality positively affected motor vehicle taxpayer compliance. Following the obtained sampling data, the results showed that three parameters of religiosity, Knowledge, and quality service had a positive effect and were significant to the tax payment of the vehicle. The results were suitable to the developed hypotheses.
Cascaded H–Bridge Multilevel Inverter: Review of Topologies and Pulse Width Modulation
Authors: Hameed Sajjad R. , AL-Mhana Tahani H.
Published: March 2024

Multilevel inverters (MLIs) have become more popular for medium-voltage and high-power applications. The cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI) is one of the three most popular topologies of MLIs. It was more reliable due to its fewer components per level. The number of possible output voltage levels is more than twice the number of DC sources, the most suitable topology for integration with renewable energy sources, easy to design, and has good performance with modularity. The main disadvantage of CHBMLI is the need for separate DC sources for each H-bridge. However, this can be considered as an advantage to be employed in renewable energy applications. This paper provides a review of CHBMLI topologies and pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques, including fundamental and high switching frequency techniques, such as selective harmonic elimination (SHE), space vector modulation (SVM), nearest level modulation (NLM), and Carrier-Based PWM.
Initial Pole Axis and Spin Direction Estimation of Asteroids Using Infrared Imagery
Authors: Kuppa Koundinya , McMahon Jay W. , Dietrich Ann B.
Published: March 2024

Knowing the pole axis of an asteroid is vital to autonomous asteroid exploration efforts. Ground-based initial pole estimation methods are time and data intensive and produce estimates with large uncertainties. These errors have a significant impact on proximity navigation, shape modeling, and scientific data for small body missions. In this paper, a new method of obtaining this information from onboard spacecraft imagery is presented. The proposed method estimates the pole from onboard infrared imagery using the camera-asteroid geometry. This method does not require a prior and is designed to work in a vast majority approach trajectories due to the use of infrared images. The method is applied to simulated infrared images of asteroids 101955 Bennu and 25143 Itokawa as well as real infrared images of asteroid 162173 Ryugu from the Hayabusa2 mission. The average pole errors using this method on Bennu and Itokawa images are approximately 2 and 6 deg, respectively. The pole estimate error on the Ryugu images is approximately 8 deg. The algorithm is shown to be sensitive to the percentage of spin period imaged and the spacing between the images.
Professoriate: A Viewpoint of Promotions at an African University
Authors: Makokotlela Matlala
Published: March 2024

Promotion is a milestone in an academic career that is a rewarding but challenging process. There are promotion criteria and guidelines that universities follow as standards for the promotion and tenure of prospective professors. This research purposed to explore the nature of promotion criteria and guidelines for future professors at a South African university during the transformation era. This qualitative, phenomenological and interpretive study involved document analysis and participant observation. The findings revealed that the university had criteria and guidelines for promoting future professors; however, they were not clearly defined. The chair of the department and the professors from within the department mentor future professors. Some aspects of transformation were observed during the process of promotion. All the criteria for promotion should be transformed. This study endeavoured to contribute to the selection criteria for prospective university professors throughout the transformation period.
Использование искусственного интеллекта для создания системы машинного перевода и образовательных ресурсов на тувинском языке
Authors: Новикова Марина Львовна , Новиков Филипп Николаевич
Published: March 2024

Усовершенствование компьютерных технологий, применяемых в гуманитарных науках, прогресс в области развития больших языковых моделей, основанных на технологиях машинного обучения и нейросетей, вышел на высочайший уровень развития. Лингвистический потенциал больших языковых моделей вызывает закономерный интерес исследователей, что является обоснованным отражением актуальности и важности использования искусственного интеллекта для создания системы машинного перевода и образовательных ресурсов.
В статье рассматривается опыт создания большой языковой модели на тувинском языке с использованием машинного обучения и искусственного интеллекта. Авторами была предпринята попытка создания большой языковой модели, способной распознавать тувинский язык, осуществлять перевод фраз с тувинского языка на русский язык, или с русского на тувинский. Помимо этого, исследовались и тестировались возможности генерации текста на тувинском языке, что может быть использовано как в сфере преподавания языка, так и при проведении различных лингвистических исследований.
Актуальность исследования заключается в том, что в настоящее время тувинский язык не представлен ни в одной из известных систем машинного перевода. Важным результатом является анализ уровня цифрового присутствия тувинского языка в Интернете, а также предложенные рекомендации по выработке оптимального алгоритма построения подобных систем и веб-сервисов, основанных на машинном обучении.
Результаты исследования представляют практическую ценность не только применительно к тувинскому языку, но могут быть экстраполированы и на другие государственные языки Российской Федерации.