bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Stakeholders’ Opinions on the Learner-Centred Pedagogies Used in Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC) in Selected Secondary Schools in Kampala District
Authors: Namaalwa Betty , Bweyale Josephine , Mugula Oscar
Published: March 2024

The study investigated the Stakeholders’opinions on learner-centred pedagogies used in Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC) in selected Secondary schools A and B found in Kampala District. The Learner-centred Pedagogies (LCP) under the CBC place the learner at the centre of the learning process, promoting active participation and self-directed learning. The study was guided by curriculum implementation theory by Gross et al (1971). The study adopted a qualitative research approach that analysed the learner centred pedagogies from the subjective point of view while involving the study participants’ opinions. The study followed the Interpretivist paradigm which enabled participants to create and construct their social reality in line with the study. The study also adopted a single case study research design in order to get an in-depth understanding of the opinions of stakeholders on CBC. A sample of 22 participants including Headteachers (H), Teachers (T) and Students (S) were selected purposively and used for the study. This enabled the researcher to gather qualitative responses, from the best-fit participants whose responses were relevant to the study. The study employed the use of the interviews for the two headteachers and eight teachers, focus group discussions to students while considering in each group six students from each school and observation method to collect data. Through triangulation the methods enabled the researcher to collect in-depth subjective reality which was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study indicated that; to some extent the learner centred pedagogies used by teachers are good and they should be used when teaching. This was because the methods encourage full participation of learners and development of skills. However, to another extent the finding of the study also revealed that, the learner centred pedagogies used by teachers are not good due to inadequate teaching skills by teachers, limited materials to use and methods are time consuming. The study recommended that, the government of Uganda through the MoES to; train teachers so as to equip them with the necessary skills of teaching, facilitate schools with enough educational facilities and materials to use and continuously monitor, supervise and evaluate CBC practices in schools.
The Stakeholders’ Views on Assessment of Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC) In Selected Secondary Schools in Kampala District
Authors: Namaalwa Betty , Bweyale Josephine , Mugula Oscar
Published: March 2024

The study investigated the stakeholders ’views on assessment of Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC) in selected Secondary schools A and B found in Kampala District. Assessment under the CBC involves both formative and summative assessments, with formative assessments accounting for 20% and summative assessments accounting for 80% of the evaluation. Teachers should frequently assess the learners using new assessment methods of CBC. Teachers are also required to change from a norm-referenced to a criterion-referenced judgment of learners’ capabilities or competencies to determine their progress. The study was guided by curriculum implementation theory by Gross et al (1971). The study adopted a qualitative research approach that analysed the stakeholders’ views on assessment from the subjective point of view while involving the study participants’ opinions. The study followed the Interpretivist paradigm which enabled participants to create and construct their social reality in line with the study. The study also adopted a single case study research design in order to get an in-depth understanding of the views of stakeholders on assessment in CBC. A sample of 23 participants including a UNEB Official, Headteachers (H), Teachers (T) and Students (S) were selected purposively and used for the study. This enabled the researcher to gather qualitative responses, from the best-fit participants whose responses were relevant to the study. The study employed the use of the interviews for a UNEB Official, the two headteachers and eight teachers and focus group discussions (FGD) to twelve students while considering in each group six students to collect data. Through triangulation the methods enabled the researcher to collect in-depth subjective reality which was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study indicated that, the assessment methods used in CBC were good. They included; activities of integration, continuous assessment, end of term assessment, end of year assessment and end of cycle assessment. However, as the methods were being used, schools were faced by many challenges that included; limited skills by teachers, limited sensitisation from UNEB and NCDC on CBC practices, limited facilities to use, time consuming on the side of teachers, laziness of the learners and big class sizes.

The study recommended the government of Uganda through the MoES to; train teachers so as to equip them with the necessary skills of teaching, facilitate schools with enough educational facilities and materials to use and continuously monitor, supervise and evaluate CBC practices in schools.
Enhancing Clitoria ternatea Propagation Through Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis: Optimal Plant Growth Regulators Type and Concentration for Efficient in Vitro Plant Production
Authors: Mursyant Exsyupransia , Santi Widhiastuti Stefani
Published: March 2024

The propagation of Clitoria ternatea poses several challenges, including low germination rates, vulnerability of young seedlings in natural environment, and a slow flowering rate. This study aims to identify the best Plant Growth Regulators and their optimal concentration to stimulate indirect somatic embryogenesis from C. Ternatea leaves explants. The samples were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentration of thidiazuron (TDZ; 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mgL-1 ) and a combination of 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D; 1, 2, and 3 mgL-1 ) and 0.1 mgL-1 kinetin. The findings revealed that all treatments resulted in the formation of both embryogenic and non embryogenic calluses. The addition of TDZ to the MS medium led to a greater percentage of embryogenic callus formation compared to using the combination of kinetin and 2,4-D. The highest percentage of 84.37% was achieved when samples were cultured on MS medium with 3 mgL-1 TDZ. The most effective induction period of 21 days was observed with the medium supplemented with 3 mgL-1 TDZ, followed by 4 and 5 mgL-1 TDZ, which took 23 days. The research findings suggest that a concentration of 3 mgL-1 TDZ is the optimal PGR type and dosage for achieving rapid and efficient in vitro plant production compared to various concentrations of 2,4-D in combination with kinetin.
Dyslipidemia as a Risk Factor in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder and Oral Cancer Patients
Authors: A B Manjunath , H C Hemashree
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia has long been linked to patients with cancer because lipids performance important part in preserving of cell veracity. AIM: To assess and compare the levels of Serum lipid profiles in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The present study involves 75 participants who were categorized into three groups. Group 1: Oral cancer consists of 25 subjects with Histopathological confirmed diagnosis of oral cancer. Group 2: Oral precancer consists of 25 subjects with Histopathological inveterate diagnosis of oral potentially malignant. Group 3: Controlled group consists of age and sex matched 25 healthy subjects. RESULTS: Substantial lower levels of mean serum HDL are found in the subjects of OPM and OC group as compared with control group; though, the mean serum CHO, LDL, TG’s, VLDL levels were not significant. CONCUSION: This study concluded that on Lipids assessment HDL was decreased significantly, associated to other lipid profiles. Though, the increasing sign of low HDL-C is an early diagnostic marker for oral potentially malignant and oral Cancer diseases.
Factors Associated with Membership in a Mutual Health Insurance Fund in the Thiès Region (Senegal) in 2023: Article
Authors: Guedji DIOUF Mamadou , Makhtar Mbacké LEYE Mamadou , Coly BOP Martial , Tacko DIOP Cheikh , Aziz NDIAYE Abdoul , KA Ousseynou
Published: March 2024

 Introduction :
Mutual health insurance constitutes a micro-insurance system which facilitates access to care by avoiding direct payment. They represent one of the pillars of our Universal Health Coverage. After years of existence and despite political commitment, community support for mutual health insurance remains low until now. The objective of our work was to study the factors linked to the membership of mutual health insurance companies in the Thiès region and to propose solutions.

 Methodology :
The study was cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical. It was carried out among a sample of 1,300 people, residing in the Thiès region for at least 6 months, chosen following a three-stage cluster survey. A questionnaire was used to collect data related to predisposing, facilitating and health system factors. These data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. The significance value was P < 0.05. The Odds ratio was used to measure the strength of the link.

 Results :
The average age is 42 years and among the people surveyed 75.3% lived in an urban area, 84.5% claimed to know mutual insurance companies. The number of dependent children among the people surveyed was 9 and 90% had an income-generating activity, married people were 82.9% and 78.2% were educated. The mutual penetration rate was 69.3%.

The analysis showed that membership in mutual health insurance was significantly influenced by the area of residence with P < 0.001 [OR: 2.0; CI:1.4-2.8], by age group with P < 0.001[OR:1.4; CI:1.1-2.0], by income-generating activity with P < 0.001 [OR:2.1; CI:1.1-4.1], by knowledge of a mutual with P < 0.001 [OR:81.6; CI: 42.2-157] and education with P < 0.001 [OR: 1.9; CI: 1.3-2.6]. Membership was also associated with marital status and the number of children in care with P < 0.001 and P < 0.002 respectively.

 Conclusion :
This study made it possible to evaluate the penetration rate of mutual health insurance in the Thiès region in 2023, but also to identify the factors associated with membership in a mutual health insurance. Strengthening communication and targeted awareness and improving the level of knowledge of the populations will help to boost the level of support of the populations of the Thiès region.
Physics difficulty and problem-solving: Exploring the role of mathematics and mathematical symbols
Authors: Badmus Olalekan Taofeek , Jita Loyiso C
Published: March 2024

Reports of difficulty in physics has been documented over the years, especially at the senior secondary level. The application of mathematics as a tool for understanding physical phenomena and problem-solving is well-established. The use of symbols and mathematical rigour is essential for effective problem-solving in physics. However, the teaching and learning of physics have encountered barriers, as highlighted in the literature on competencies in this field. This study focuses on exploring the interlink, context, and associated barriers in the teaching and learning of physics by reviewing existing literature on the application of mathematics and mathematical symbols. Through a theory synthesis design, the study examined the current state of literature on mathematical problem-solving in physics, as well as the differences between mathematising and the application of mathematics in physics. The competencies required of teachers and students were also highlighted in order to better equip physical sciences teachers to address the challenges faced by students in learning physics. The literature suggests that a well-sequenced approach to topics by both mathematics and physics teachers can facilitate knowledge transfer among students. Teachers are encouraged to provide step-by-step guidance to address students' mathematical deficiencies, particularly in the physics aspect of the physical sciences curriculum at the further education and training (FET) phase. It is recommended that topics between physics and mathematics be aligned and mathematical concepts be pre-teach to enhance students' contextual knowledge transfer.
Quantum Modular $\widehat Z{}^G$-Invariants
Authors:   University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Cheng Miranda C.N. , Coman Ioana ,   University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Passaro Davide ,   University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Sgroi Gabriele ,   University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Published: March 2024

We study the quantum modular properties of $\widehat Z{}^G$-invariants of closed three-manifolds. Higher depth quantum modular forms are expected to play a central role for general three-manifolds and gauge groups $G$. In particular, we conjecture that for plumbed three-manifolds whose plumbing graphs have $n$ junction nodes with definite signature and for rank $r$ gauge group $G$, that $\widehat Z{}^G$ is related to a quantum modular form of depth $nr$. We prove this for $G={\rm SU}(3)$ and for an infinite class of three-manifolds (weakly negative Seifert with three exceptional fibers). We also investigate the relation between the quantum modularity of $\widehat Z{}^G$-invariants of the same three-manifold with different gauge group $G$. We conjecture a recursive relation among the iterated Eichler integrals relevant for $\widehat Z{}^G$ with $G={\rm SU}(2)$ and ${\rm SU}(3)$, for negative Seifert manifolds with three exceptional fibers. This is reminiscent of the recursive structure among mock modular forms playing the role of Vafa-Witten invariants for ${\rm SU}(N)$. We prove the conjecture when the three-manifold is moreover an integral homological sphere.
Painlevé-III Monodromy Maps Under the $D_6\to D_8$ Confluence and Applications to the Large-Parameter Asymptotics of Rational Solutions
Authors:   University of Michigan, USA, Barhoumi Ahmad , Lisovyy Oleg ,   Université de Tours, France, Miller Peter D. ,   University of Michigan, USA, Prokhorov Andrei ,   University of Michigan, USA
Published: March 2024

The third Painlevé equation in its generic form, often referred to as Painlevé-III($D_6$), is given by $$ \frac{{\rm d}^2u}{{\rm d}x^2} =\frac{1}{u}\left(\frac{{\rm d}u}{{\rm d}x} \right)^2-\frac{1}{x} \frac{{\rm d}u}{{\rm d}x} + \frac{\alpha u^2 + \beta}{x}+4u^3-\frac{4}{u}, \qquad \alpha,\beta \in \mathbb C. $$ Starting from a generic initial solution $u_0(x)$ corresponding to parameters $\alpha$, $\beta$, denoted as the triple $(u_0(x),\alpha,\beta)$, we apply an explicit Bäcklund transformation to generate a family of solutions $(u_n(x),\alpha + 4n,\beta + 4n)$ indexed by $n \in \mathbb N$. We study the large $n$ behavior of the solutions $(u_n(x), \alpha + 4n, \beta + 4n)$ under the scaling $x = z/n$ in two different ways: (a) analyzing the convergence properties of series solutions to the equation, and (b) using a Riemann-Hilbert representation of the solution $u_n(z/n)$. Our main result is a proof that the limit of solutions $u_n(z/n)$ exists and is given by a solution of the degenerate Painlevé-III equation, known as Painlevé-III($D_8$), $$ \frac{{\rm d}^2U}{{\rm d}z^2} =\frac{1}{U}\left(\frac{{\rm d}U}{{\rm d}z}\right)^2-\frac{1}{z} \frac{{\rm d}U}{{\rm d}z} + \frac{4U^2 + 4}{z}.$$ A notable application of our result is to rational solutions of Painlevé-III($D_6$), which are constructed using the seed solution $(1,4m,-4m)$ where $m \in \mathbb C \setminus \big(\mathbb Z + \frac{1}{2}\big)$ and can be written as a particular ratio of Umemura polynomials. We identify the limiting solution in terms of both its initial condition at $z = 0$ when it is well defined, and by its monodromy data in the general case. Furthermore, as a consequence of our analysis, we deduce the asymptotic behavior of generic solutions of Painlevé-III, both $D_6$ and $D_8$ at $z = 0$. We also deduce the large $n$ behavior of the Umemura polynomials in a neighborhood of $z = 0$.
A new characterization of Janko simple groups
Authors: Han Zhangjia , Hu Jiang , He Dongyang
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we studied the influence of centralizers on the structure of groups, and demonstrated that Janko simple groups can be uniquely determined by two crucial quantitative properties: its even-order components of the group and the set $ \pi_{p_m}(G) $. Here, $ G $ represents a finite group, $ \pi(G) $ is the set of prime factors of the order of $ G $, $ p_m $ is the largest element in $ \pi(G) $, and $ \pi_{p_m}(G) = \{|C_G(x)| \large| \; x\in G $ and $ |x| = p_m \}$ denotes the set of orders of centralizers of $ p_m $-order elements in $ G $.
The existence of uniform attractors for the 3D micropolar equations with nonlinear damping term
Authors: Song Xue-li , Liu Yuan-yuan , Xie Xiao-tian
Published: March 2024

This paper studies the existence of uniform attractors for 3D micropolar equation with damping term. When $ \beta > 3 $, with initial data $ (u_{\tau}, \omega_{\tau})\in V_{1}\times V_{2} $ and external forces $ (f_{1}, f_{2})\in \mathcal{H}(f_{1}^{0})\times \mathcal{H}(f_{2}^{0}) $, some uniform estimates of the solution in different function spaces are given. Based on these uniform estimates, the $ ((V_{1}\times V_{2})\times(\mathcal{H}(f^{0}_{1})\times \mathcal{H}(f^{0}_{2})), V_{1}\times V_{2}) $-continuity of the family of processes $ \{U_{(f_{1}, f_{2})}(t, \tau)\}_{t\geq\tau} $ is demonstrated. Meanwhile, the $ (V_{1}\times V_{2}, \mathbf{H}^2(\Omega)\times\mathbf{H}^2(\Omega)) $-uniform compactness of $ \{U_{(f_{1}, f_{2})}(t, \tau)\}_{t\geq\tau} $ is proved. Finally, the existence of a $ (V_{1}\times V_{2}, V_{1}\times V_{2}) $-uniform attractor and a $ (V_{1}\times V_{2}, \mathbf{H}^{2}(\Omega)\times \mathbf{H}^{2}(\Omega)) $-uniform attractor are obtained. Furthermore, the $ (V_{1}\times V_{2}, V_{1}\times V_{2}) $-uniform attractor and the $ (V_{1}\times V_{2}, \mathbf{H}^{2}(\Omega)\times \mathbf{H}^{2}(\Omega)) $-uniform attractor are verified to be the same.
Cost of Drivers among Patients in the First Year after Kidney Transplantation – A Retrospective Study
Authors: Javelosa-Tan Glennis Fiona J. , Padilla Benita S. , Cabanayan-Casasola Concesa B. , Rey-Roxas Irina M. , Panelo Carlo Irwin A.
Published: March 2024

The cost of kidney transplantation (KT) and its follow-up care greatly exceeds the mean annual family income. Governmental support during the post-transplant period is needed. This study aimed to identify the drivers of cost during the 1st year after KT. The records of 129 adult Filipino KT recipients over 2 years in a single center were reviewed to determine the total cost for the 1st year after KT, such as diagnostics, medications, supplies, and professional fees. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to determine the economic impact of the baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and events after KT. The direct costs of care were significantly higher among patients aged >40 years (P = 0.009), those with diabetic kidney disease as the primary renal disease (P <0.0001), and those with a high Charlson comorbidity index (P = 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that patients with diabetes mellitus paid US$ 6813.6 more, and those hospitalized for any infection spent US$ 3877.4 more than those without comorbid conditions or complications. The results showed that diabetes mellitus and hospitalization for any infection significantly impacted the cost of follow-up care. Health-care policies that can aid patients after KT are needed to minimize expenditures and avoid complications.
Assessment of Depression and Its Correlation with Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Nazneen Shabana , Yadla Manjusha , Reddy Prabhakar
Published: March 2024

Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in patients on hemodialysis. An imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of depression in patients on dialysis. We undertook this study to assess the correlations of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 with depression in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. This cross-sectional observational study was carried out at our hospital, a tertiary care referral government teaching hospital, over 2 years. Depression was assessed using the Becks Depression Inventory score. A higher cutoff of >16 was taken for a diagnosis of depression. Clinical, demographic, and laboratory parameters were analyzed. Cytokines were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Eighty patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of depression in our study was 41.5%. Depression was more common in those who were unemployed and/or illiterate. Mild depression was found in patients from the upper-lower and lower-middle classes, but severe depression was seen in lower-economic classes. Serum levels of IL-6 showed a positive correlation with the severity of depression. Depression was common in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. High levels of serum IL-6 were observed in those with depression. Depression in patients on maintenance hemodialysis is associated with a considerable risk of mortality.
The Relationship between Serum TWEAK Levels and Carotid Intima-media Thickness in Patients with Fabry Disease
Authors: Turkmen Kultigin , Baloglu Ismail , Aykut Talat , Demir Salih , Altın Ebru , Akguzel Zeynep Aybike , Kocabas Muhammet , Yerlikaya Fatma Humeyra
Published: March 2024

Fabry disease (FD) is associated with inflammation, proteinuria, and chronic kidney disease. Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) plays an important role in inflammation in diabetic nephropathy and lupus nephritis. Since there is a close relationship linking serum TWEAK (sTWEAK), inflammation, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in various kidney diseases, we aimed to determine the relationship between sTWEAK levels and CIMT in subjects with and without proteinuria in a cross-sectional study involving 15 FD patients (seven females, eight males) and seven healthy controls (four females, three males). There were no differences in age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and biochemical parameters (serum glucose, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, C-reactive protein (CRP), low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein) between FD patients and healthy controls. The spot urine protein-creatinine ratios of healthy controls and FD patients were 90 mg/g and 185 mg/g, respectively (P = 0.022). STWEAK levels were higher in FD patients than in healthy controls (P = 0.007). The CIMT of FD patients and healthy controls was 0.55 ± 0.14 mm and 0.42 ± 0.04 mm, respectively (P = 0.007). STWEAK was positively correlated with CRP and CIMT, and negatively with proteinuria (P = 0.005, P = 0.013, and P = 0.018, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, only sTWEAK was an independent variable of increased CIMT. We demonstrated that sTWEAK and CIMT were increased in FD patients. STWEAK might have a role in the pathogenesis of subclinical atherosclerosis in FD.
Family burden among caregivers of patients with chronic mental disorders
Authors: Koujalgi Sateesh Rangarao , Nayak Raghavendra Bheemappa
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

Caregivers play an important role in dealing with people with chronic mental disorders. Rates of caregiver burden are high and it increases the risk of caregiver depression and health problems. Therefore, an in-depth study is needed to understand the burden faced by primary caregivers of patients suffering from chronic mental disorders.

AIM:

The aim of the study is to examine the burden borne by families of individuals suffering from chronic mental disorders.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

From the caregivers of patients with chronic mental disorders some were chosen. It is a cross sectional study. Purposive sampling technique has been adopted. Patients were diagnosed as having mental disorders using International Classification of Disease −10, classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Diagnostic Criteria for Research ICD-10 criteria. Pollack and Perlick scale was used to identify the key family caregivers. Patients with two or more than two-year duration of illness were included in the study group.

RESULTS:

Caregivers of patients with chronic mental disorders experienced considerable high degree of family care burden.

CONCLUSION:

The study finds that a high burden is borne by caregivers of patients suffering from chronic mental disorders.
Factors of induced and noninduced menopause in India
Authors: Biradar Rajeshwari Annappa , Prasad Jang Bahadur , Asagi Renuka E.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

In recent years, hysterectomy has received increased attention in health policy debates in India. The objective of the study was to examine induced and noninduced menopause and its associated factors among menopause women in India.

METHODS:

The study has used the Indian fourth round of National Family Health Survey data (2015–2016), which is a cross-sectional nationally representative sample of 48,771 menopause women in the age group of 30–49 years. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine differences and factors of induced and noninduced menopause among menopause women in India.

RESULTS:

In India, among menopause women, 35.3% were induced menopause. Eight states and two union territories have reported induced menopause above the national average. On the other hand, the lowest induced menopause was seen in Assam state. Younger age women had a higher risk of induced menopause, and its reverse was true in older age women. Bivariate results have shown induced menopause was higher in rural (36.4%), secondary educated (39.1%), married (37.0%), Hindu (36.4%), and other backward castes (OBC) caste (39.3%) women. The differences of induced menopause were significantly high in women with high body mass index, belongs to OBC caste, married, Hindu religion, and South and Central regions compared to their counterparts.

CONCLUSION:

The estimations could be beneficial for planning and implementation of reproductive and postreproductive health services related to menopause, especially among women of younger age groups.
Estimation of sodium intake using spot urine samples in urban South Indian set up
Authors: Jain Aman , Sonoli Smita S. , Channashetti Reshma D.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Obesity has been linked with various factors and one of them is the amount of sodium intake by an individual. Spot urine examination is an accepted method of sodium estimation which is accurate, patient compliant and reliable. Hence, the study plans to assess the sodium intake by analyzing spot urinary sodium in normal, overweight, and obese individuals and also to compare and correlate urinary sodium with body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 individuals grouped into normal, overweight, and obese categories in an urban set up. The Kawasaki formula was used to estimate urinary sodium excretion per day. Comparison between the BMI, WHR, and sodium intake per day for all the categories were done using ANOVA. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to find the correlation between the sodium intake per day, BMI and WHR. A P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

RESULTS:

Total sodium intake per day by obese individuals was 316.69 ± 170.86 (mEq/day) with the P = 0.0645 using Kawasaki formula. According to Kruskal–Wallis test, there was no statistical difference between values of sodium intake between normal, overweight, and obese categories (P > 0.05). However, significant positive correlation was noted between BMI and sodium intake (P < 0.05) and that of WHR and sodium intake (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Sodium intake was positively correlated with the indices of obesity (BMI and WHR) and was found to be an independent risk factor for obesity.
Patterns of request and radiographic findings in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in a secondary healthcare center in Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Abba-Sulum Halima Konto , Ali Alhaji Modu , Njitti Mohammed Mustapha , Hassan Jamila Mohammed , Abubakar Auwal , Shettima Abubakar
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND AND AIM:

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a major public health problem globally with relatively high morbidity and mortality rates. Chest radiography plays a key role in describing the patterns of appearances which help in predicting treatment progress. In this study, we evaluated the patterns of radiographic findings among patients diagnosed with PTB.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a retrospective study of clinical and chest radiographic features of PTB in 105 patients. All the radiographs were reported by a consultant radiologist. The age, gender, clinical presentation, nature and location of the lung changes, and diagnosis were recorded. Descriptive statistics were employed in analysing mean ± standard deviation, percentages, and frequencies. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 22.0.

RESULTS:

The male-to-female ratio was 3:2 with 58.1% (n = 61) male and 41.9% (n = 44) female. The average age of the patients was 36.29 ± 15.95 years with 21–30 years age group most affected. Fibrocavitatory changes alone were the most common finding and the majority of the lung changes involved the entire both lungs.

CONCLUSION:

Fibrocavitatory changes and involvement of the entire both lungs were found to be the common radiographic findings of patients diagnosed with PTB. Age group 21–30 years was most commonly affected.
Foot posture assessment in people with primary medial compartment knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Gosavi Prajakta Milind , Kolke Sona S. , Chitre Jay , Shyam Ashok , Sancheti Parag
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

Foot postures are integral to the biomechanical alignment and the dynamic function of the lower extremity. This study compared foot postures in people with primary medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA) and age-, gender-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls using various foot measures. Grade-wise variations were also assessed.

AIM:

The aim of the study was to assess the foot postures in people with primary medial compartment knee OA.

METHODS:

This was an observational, analytical study and the subjects were recruited by convenient sampling from tertiary hospitals in Pune. The target population were primary knee OA who were clinically and radiologically diagnosed for their severity based on the Kellgren–Lawrence grading, a severity classification based on radiographic evidence. The Centre of Rheumatic Diseases version of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Foot Function Index (FFI) which are both self-report questionnaires were duly filled by the knee OA subjects for the pain and dysfunction of the knee and foot, respectively. The control group consisted of age-, gender-, and BMI-matched asymptomatic healthy subjects. Foot postures of all subjects namely, the OA (n=48) and controls (n = 33) were assessed using the foot posture index (FPI), arch index, and navicular drop test. The FPI as well as the navicular drop test categorized the subjects into 3 groups: pronated, neutral, and supinated. The arch index was calculated from the inked imprint of the foot of the affected limb where higher values indicated dropped arch.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND RESULTS:

Independent samples Mann–Whitney U-test and unpaired t-test were used to investigate the differences between the two groups in the foot characteristics. The Spearman's rho was used to analyze the correlation of FPI with the grades of OA and of WOMAC with the FFI within the OA group. The study included 48 medial knee OA subjects (48 knees and the corresponding foot) and 33 age-, gender-, and BMI-matched healthy controls. The percentages of foot postures (neutral, pronated and highly pronated) of both groups were 71%, 25% and 4% respectively in the OA group and 92%, 2% and 6% respectively in the control group. Comparative study of foot postures between the two groups showed more pronated feet in the OA group (P < 0.001). Correlation of the FPI scores with the grades of OA showed no association (β = −0.005; P = 0.97) and between WOMAC and the FFI in the knee OA group showed weak association. (β = 0.0349; P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

The foot postures were altered in the knee OA group as compared to healthy controls, with the OA group showing more pronated foot type.
Effect of an early administration of a structured exercise protocol on balance and gait in premenopausal women
Authors: Beena Ahamed Syed , James Tittu Thomas , Dhargave Pradnya
Published: March 2024

CONTEXT:

Elderly population deals with many health problems, especially women, owing to menopause. A decline in balance leads to an increase in episodes of falls, increased fear of falls, along with an occurrence of a cautious gait pattern with reduced velocity and increased variability, which have also reported in women from 40 years of age and above.

AIMS:

The aim of this study was to identify the role of a structured exercise protocol in improving balance and gait parameters in premenopausal women.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:

A single group quasi-experimental study was undertaken.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

Seventeen females between the age group of 30 and 45 participated in the study. We administered a predesigned supervised exercise protocol for 5 days a week, 60 min per session, and for a period of 1 year.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:

Pre- and posttest measures on balance and gait were assessed and analyzed using the Wilcoxon test.

RESULTS:

The study identified an improvement in the balance performance of subjects in terms of a reduction in stability and sway parameters assessed using the Biodex Balance System. The temporal and spatial parameters of gait assessed using the GAITRite system also demonstrated significant improvement in postexercise sessions, with a net increase in velocity and cadence. All improvements in outcome parameters assessed were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

The study signifies the importance of an early commitment toward a structured exercise protocol by premenopausal women in maintaining their balance and gait performance which may be altered with aging and menopause.
Methodological Approaches in Qur’anic Studies: A Critique of Michael Cook’s Approach
Authors: Akhtar Dr. Jamil
Published: March 2024

This critical study scrutinizes methods that scholars of the Qur'an apply to their research, with a specific emphasis on the major contributions of Michael Cook. The first part of this study starts with a survey of the historiography of Qur'an Studies particularly with the methodological approaches that have significantly contributed to the study of the Qur'an. The narration of prominent works in Qur'anic Studies covers the development of methodologies through the ages by analyzing the crucial contributions of various scholars in the field. Moreover, the study investigates the intellectual achievements of Michael Cook, looking into his conceptual framework and landmark discoveries. Through the application of highly evolved techniques such as text-linguistic analysis, textual exegesis, and comparative religious studies, it evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of Cook's method. It contrasts these with the strengths and weaknesses of alternative methodologies. With this inquiry, we advance the field of Qur'anic Studies by examining Cook's method and also pave the path for further research. This paper seeks to launch discourses on the methodology within the field. This study will encourage researchers to engage in profound and multidisciplinary studies exploring the Qur'an from varied approaches.
Triadic Flight Technologies
Authors: Perdigão Rui A. P.
Published: March 2024

A novel triadic suite of flight technologies is introduced by developing, articulating and integrating ground-effect, free amphibian flight and orbital flight capabilities into a triadic system-of-systems able to seamlessly operate across all three mobility paradigms. The triad is then implemented onto our new purpose-designed hydro-aerospace vehicle, propelled by latest-generation micro-reactors for industry-leading aerospace thrust, whilst providing long-range carbon-free flight mobility and autonomy. The vehicle structure and materials are further optimized for a seamless switch between standard and stealth operations, while also providing structural robustness and functional flexibility to safely carry and deploy heavy and highly reactive payloads. The robustness and versatility of the new vehicle is demonstrated across a suite of challenging oceanic and aerospace theaters of operation. Special emphasis is given to search and rescue missions, along with surveillance and security operations involving multidomain flight segments and highlighting seamless cross-domain transitions.
VIRTUAL REALITY IN THE PHILIPPINES: FACILITATORS AND PERCEIVED BARRIERS OF VIRTUAL REALITY AS A THERAPEUTIC TOOL IN THE CLINICAL SETTING
Authors: Eliasos Brent Adams S. , Decada Betina Alexandra N. , De Guia John Paul R. , Rafanan Julian D. , Inuman Virginie Mae I. , Revuelto Aira Jannelle I. , Zamora Maybelle Anne
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Virtual Reality (VR) begins to emerge in the Physical Therapy Practice here in the Philippines. However, it goes through a process of acceptance before it can be used as a part of the mainstream treatment modality in the current PT practice. Study aims to explore the perceived barriers and limitations of a handheld virtual reality as a therapeutic tool.

Methods: The study employed a qualitative phenomenological study a semi-structured interview conducted via Zoom platform. A snowball sampling was utilized to gather informants’ opinions. Coding was conducted through a meticulous review of respondents by the researchers. The codes were analyzed using Collaizi Method through QDA Miner Lite. Theoretical thematic analysis was utilized to support the themes from the answers of the informants.

Results: Twelve informants were initially invited to reach the number of subjects required. However, only ten agreed and consented to participate. Data saturation was met during the sixth interview. The following themes emerged: Barriers (Expensiveness, Atypical Practice), Limitations (Short-Term Functional Effect, Level of Comprehension Required to Understand VR), and Advantages (Entertaining and Usefulness to Neurological and Musculoskeletal cases).

Discussion: This paper gathered information from ten registered physical therapists (PTRP) in the country who experienced the use of handheld VR (Nintendo Wii, Xbox, etc.) and their perception of their exposure to the emerging therapeutic tool. Nine out of ten subjects concluded that the cost and expense of the console and the setup of the whole handheld VR room is the main barrier as to why it is still not being used in majority of the rehabilitative clinics nowadays. As an atypical practice, it also plays a role in the perceived barriers of the informants. Most of the subjects believed that current practice in the country needs to work with technology more – in order to keep up with the ever-growing technology in healthcare.
GAIT SPEED AND MOBILITY PERFORMANCE AMONG FALLERS AND NON-FALLERS COMMUNITYDWELLING ELDERLY FILIPINOS: A COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Austria Vince Geoffrey E. , Tungcab Elijah Neil R. , Abon Genielle , Lagartija Marie Anne C. , Federis Sophia Joy D. , Zarate John Matthew D. , Ramos Justine Vincent D.
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Southeast Asia is experiencing a significant rise in the population of elderly individuals, particularly in the Philippines. Thus, screening and monitoring mobility restrictions in elderly people are critical in order to provide effective measures as well as prompt and timely interventions.

Methods: The study used a quantitative, non-experimental, comparative, and cross-sectional design. Filipino community-dwelling elderly individuals who were aged 60-79 years old, had no significant disability, and residing in a municipality of the National Capital Region (n=152), participated in the study. Researchers measured mobility performance using Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUGT). While, gait speed was measured using iWalkAssess application to administer 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT). Preliminary reference values for the mobility-specific tests were presented as means, standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals. Findings were compared between Faller and Non-Faller groups.

Results: Fallers demonstrated consistently higher scores compared to their non-Faller counterparts on the TUGT (P-value < 0.05). While there are significantly lower scores in 10MWT among Fallers than in Non-Fallers (P-value < 0.05). Furthermore, the Faller group revealed to have a Timed Up and Go Test mean (SD) score of 13.32 ± 1.41, while there is a reported 0.92 ± 0.15 mean (SD) score in 10-Meter Walk Test.

Discussion: The study provides preliminary evidence on the differences in gait speed and mobility performance among community-dwelling elderly individuals who are Fallers and Non-Fallers. Hence, Filipino community-dwelling elderly individuals who are classified as Fallers revealed to have a slower gait speed than Non-Faller community-dwelling older adults. Also, results suggested that Non-Fallers have a better mobility performance than the Faller population.
TRANSLATION AND CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF THE CEREBRAL PALSY QUALITY OF LIFE-CHILD PRIMARY CAREGIVER (CPQOL-CPC) TO FILIPINO
Authors: Rotor Esmerita R. , Olegario Carlos Dominic D. , Roderos Kristel Faye M.
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a prevalent cause of childhood disability. Its impact is significantly higher in low to moderate income countries like the Philippines, with a disease burden 5 to 10 times greater. The Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life for Children (CP QOL-Child) - Primary Caregiver Questionnaire is a self-report measure which assesses quality of life (QOL) of children with CP. It has excellent psychometric properties and remarkable representation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The validity and reliability of the English tool may be affected when used to a different speaking population. The objectives of this research were to: 1) translate the CP QOL-Child to Filipino, and 2) determine conceptual equivalence, understandability, and acceptability of the translated version.

Methods: Five steps of the translation process were conducted; forward translation, reconciliation of items, backward translation (BT), review of forward and BT by an expert panel, and pretesting with cognitive interviews. Ten target participants, selected using maximum variation approach, participated in the pretesting. In the panel discussion, percentage of agreement on conceptual equivalence was determined and thematic analysis was conducted. For pre-testing, cognitive interviews were evaluated according to understandability of items and appropriateness of response.

Results: The panel review determined 65 items with full agreement (100%), 13 items with moderate agreement (80%), and 39 items with low agreement (≤60%) on conceptual equivalence between the BT and the original. The considerations for revisions were 1) grammar, 2) colloquialism and, 3) culture. Difficulties in understanding the translation during pre-testing were attributed to unfamiliarity of terms and concepts, and formatting. Participants’ feedback were incorporated into the final Filipino version.

Discussion: The Filipino translation of the CPQOL-Child appears to be understandable and culturally appropriate based on expert panel and pre-testing participants. This version can be used to establish the tool’s psychometric properties.
WORK ENVIRONMENT AND MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS OF BLACKSMITHS (PANDAY) IN ILOCOS NORTE
Authors: Bonilla Jasmine Nicole D. , Sucgang Ryan Dean T. , Bago Vernalyn D. , Corpuz Micah Donna G. , Damaso Kate Camille G. , Iniba Elarose V. , Ligot Kylie C. , Mabini Jei Anne M. , Pascua Laiza Vanessa T.
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between work environment and musculoskeletal conditions of blacksmiths in Ilocos Norte.

Methods: This correlational research design study determined the socio-demographic profile, lifestyle, work environment, and musculoskeletal conditions of blacksmiths from Ilocos Norte using the researcher-assisted Ilokano-translated Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (DMQ). Data analyses were done using descriptive statistics and Fisher’s Exact test of independence. Alpha was set at 0.05.

Results: A total of 30 blacksmiths participated in the study with mean age of 61-75 years old, male dominated (86.67%). Complaints of wrist pain were highly significant in point prevalence while low back pain in period prevalence. Further analyses revealed that sex showed high significant relationship to prevalence of upper and lower back pain. BMI also showed significant relationship to the prevalence of lower extremity pain among blacksmiths in Ilocos Norte.

Discussion: The study revealed that work environment does not appear to be associated with musculoskeletal conditions of blacksmiths in Ilocos Norte. Findings of the study suggest that male blacksmiths are at a higher risk of developing musculoskeletal conditions. With this, such conditions are highly obvious in blacksmiths because of their job’s physical demands, such as heavy lifting and prolonged standing or bending. However, it is important to note that females or anyone who performs repetitive or physically demanding tasks for extended periods of time can also be at risk for these types of conditions.