bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPH Simulation of Interior and Exterior Flow Field Characteristics of Porous Media
Authors: Wu Shijie , Rubinato Matteo , Gui Qinqin
Published: April 2020

At the present time, one of the most relevant challenges in marine and ocean engineering and practice is the development of a mathematical modeling that can accurately replicate the interaction of water waves with porous coastal structures. Over the last 60 years, multiple techniques and solutions have been identified, from linearized solutions based on wave theories and constant friction coefficients to very sophisticated Eulerian or Lagrangian solvers of the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations. In order to explore the flow field interior and exterior of the porous media under different working conditions, the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) numerical simulation method was used to simulate the flow distribution inside and outside a porous media applied to interact with the wave propagation. The flow behavior is described avoiding Euler’s description of the interface problem between the Euler mesh and the material selected. Considering the velocity boundary conditions and the cyclical circulation boundary conditions at the junction of the porous media and the water flow, the SPH numerical simulation is used to analyze the flow field characteristics, as well as the longitudinal and vertical velocity distribution of the back vortex flow field and the law of eddy current motion. This study provides innovative insights on the mathematical modelling of the interaction between porous structures and flow propagation. Furthermore, there is a good agreement (within 10%) between the numerical results and the experimental ones collected for scenarios with porosity of 0.349 and 0.475, demonstrating that SPH can simulate the flow patterns of the porous media, the flow through the inner and outer areas of the porous media, and the flow field of the back vortex region. Results obtained and the new mathematical approach used can help to effectively simulate with high-precision the changes along the water depth, for a better design of marine and ocean engineering solutions adopted to protect coastal areas.
Hydrologic and Pollutant Removal Performance of Media Layers in Bioretention
Authors: Yang Feikai , Fu Dafang , Liu Shuang , Zevenbergen Chris , Singh Rajendra Prasad
Published: April 2020

The current study was aimed to investigate the filler layer structure in modified bioretention systems. Three different structural layers in bioretention were proposed to evaluate their hydrologic performance and pollutant removal efficiency under different rainfall intensities. These layers were as follows: all three layers (filter, transition, and drainage layers), without transition layer, and without drainage layer. Synthetic stormwater was used for experimental purpose in current work. Results revealed that compared with “all three layers”, runoff control rate of “without transition layer” and “without drainage layer” was reduced by 0 to 7.4%, 0 to 10.1%, and outflow start time was advanced by 6 to 8 min and 1.5 to 4.5 min, respectively. Moreover, CODcr (chemical oxygen demand), NH4+-N (ammonium nitrogen), TN (total nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) removal rates were 86.0%, 85.4%, 71.8%, and 68.0%, respectively. Particle size distribution of the fillers revealed that during operation, particle moved downward were mainly within 0.16–0.63 mm size. Findings showed that transition and drainage layer played an important role in runoff control, and total height of the filler layer should not be less than 800 mm. Filter layer effectively reduce runoff pollution but the thickness of the filter layer should not be less than 500 mm. Whereas, transition layer has the function of preventing the filler loss of the filter layer; therefore, proper measures must be taken into consideration during structural optimization.
Seasonal Precipitation Variability and Gully Erosion in Southeastern USA
Authors: Luffman Ingrid , Nandi Arpita
Published: April 2020

This study examines the relationship between gully erosion in channels, sidewalls, and interfluves, and precipitation parameters (duration, total accumulation, average intensity, and maximum intensity) annually and seasonally to determine seasonal drivers for precipitation-related erosion. Ordinary Least Square regression models of erosion using precipitation and antecedent precipitation at weekly lags of up to twelve weeks were developed for three erosion variables for each of three geomorphic areas: channels, interfluves, and sidewalls (nine models in total). Erosion was most pronounced in winter months, followed by spring, indicating the influence of high-intensity precipitation from frontal systems and repeated freeze-thaw cycles in winter; erosion in summer was driven by high-intensity precipitation from convectional storms. Annually, duration was the most important driver for erosion, however, during winter and summer months, precipitation intensity was dominant. Seasonal models retained average and maximum precipitation as drivers for erosion in winter months (dominated by frontal systems), and retained maximum precipitation intensity as a driver for erosion in summer months (dominated by convectional storms). In channels, precipitation duration was the dominant driver for erosion due to runoff-related erosion, while in sidewalls and interfluves intensity parameters were equally important as duration, likely related to rain splash erosion. These results show that the character of precipitation, which varies seasonally, is an important driver for gully erosion and that studies of precipitation-driven erosion should consider partitioning data by season to identify these drivers.
A Landslide Probability Model Based on a Long-Term Landslide Inventory and Rainfall Factors
Authors: Wu Chun-Yi , Yeh Yen-Chu
Published: April 2020

The prediction and advanced warning of landslide hazards in large-scale areas must deal with a large amount of uncertainty, therefore a growing number of studies are using stochastic models to analyze the probability of landslide occurrences. In this study, we used a modified Thiessen’s polygon method to divide the research area into several rain gauge control areas, and divided the control areas into slope units reflecting the topographic characteristics to enhance the spatial resolution of a landslide probability model. We used a 2000–2015 long-term landslide inventory, daily rainfall, and effective accumulated rainfall to estimate the rainfall threshold that can trigger landslides. We then employed a Poisson probability model and historical rainfall data from 1987 to 2016 to calculate the exceedance probability that rainfall events will exceed the threshold value. We calculated the number of landslides occurring from the events when rainfall exceeds the threshold value in the slope units to estimate the probability that a landslide will occur in this situation. Lastly, we employed the concept of conditional probability by multiplying this probability with the exceedance probability of rainfall events exceeding the threshold value, which yielded the probability that a landslide will occur in each slope unit for one year. The results indicated the slope units with high probability that at least one rainfall event will exceed the threshold value at the same time that one landslide will occur within any one year are largely located in the southwestern part of the Taipei Water Source Domain, and the highest probability is 0.26. These slope units are located in parts of the study area with relatively weak lithology, high elevations, and steep slopes. Compared with probability models based solely on landslide inventories, our proposed landslide probability model, combined with a long-term landslide inventory and rainfall factors, can avoid problems resulting from an incomplete landslide inventory, and can also be used to estimate landslide occurrence probability based on future potential changes in rainfall.
Hydrochemical Characteristics and Water Quality Evaluation of Rivers in Different Regions of Cities: A Case Study of Suzhou City in Northern Anhui Province, China
Authors: Jiang Yaqi , Gui Herong , Yu Hao , Wang Meichen , Fang Hongxia , Wang Chunlei , Chen Chen , Zhang Yaru , Huang Yiheng
Published: April 2020

To study the disparity of river hydrochemical characteristics and water quality in different regions of the city, this paper took the Tuo River in the center of Suzhou, Northern Anhui, China and the Bian River on the edge of the urban area as the research objects, used Piper trigram, Gibbs diagram, and hydrogen and oxygen isotope content characteristics to analyze the geochemical characteristics of surface water in the study area, and then the improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the water quality. The results showed that the hydrochemical types of the two rivers were SO4-Cl-Na type, and the contents of Na+, K+, SO42−, Cl−, Ca2+, total phosphorus (TP) in the Bian River at the edge of the city were much higher than those in the Tuo River at the center of the city (ANOVA, p < 0.001). Gibbs diagram showed that the ion composition of the two rivers was mainly affected by rock weathering. The results of correlation analysis and water quality evaluation showed that Bian River was greatly affected by agricultural non-point source pollution, and its water quality was poor, class IV and class V water account for 95%, while, for Tuo River, due to the strong artificial protection, class II and class III accounted for 40.74% and 59.26%, respectively, and the overall water quality was better than that of Bian River. The evaluation results of irrigation water quality showed that the samples from Tuo River were high in salt and low in alkali, which could be used for irrigation when the soil leaching conditions were good, while Bian River water samples were high in salt and medium in alkali, which was suitable for irrigation of plants with strong salt tolerance.
Effect of Feed Delivery Rate and Pellet Size on Rearing Performance, Feed Wastage and Economic Profitability in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus Aurata) Ongrowing
Authors: Aguado-Giménez Felipe
Published: April 2020

Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) displays a particular eating behaviour that involves considerable oral manipulation and feed waste. We assess the influence of feed delivery rate and pellet size on seabream growth and size variability, feed wastage and economic profitability for a full production cycle. Batches of seabream were fed twice a day according to three different treatments (T1, T2, T3). T1 and T2 fish were fed with the same regime of pellet sizes: 2 mm pellets until the fish reached 0.1 kg, and 4 mm pellets from then on; the feeding rate in T1 was twice that of T2 (20 and 10 g min−1, respectively). T3 fish were fed with pellets of 2 mm until they reached 0.07 kg, with pellets of 4 mm until the fish reached 0.22 kg, and with 6 mm pellets from then on, with a feeding rate of 10 g min−1. T2 showed increased growth, low variability in fish size during the ongrowing and at harvest, less feed wastage both related to the delivery and the chewing behaviour, lower feed costs and improved profitability. Seabream wasted more feed during the second meal. Controlling the feeding process is essential to reduce wastage and increase profitability, which can be achieved by process monitoring and suitable feed pellet management.
Overview of the Chemical and Isotopic Investigations of the Mareza Springs and the Zeta River in Montenegro
Authors: Živković Katarina , Radulović Milan , Lojen Sonja , Pucarević Mira
Published: April 2020

The Mareza karst aquifer is the most important drinking water resource for the water supply system of the City of Podgorica, the capital of Montenegro. This study presents the first assessment for the determination of the Mareza catchment area. Water chemistry and stable isotopic composition (δ18O and δ2H) of monthly precipitation samples (as inputs) are presented, in order to determine the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) for the study area, and to analyze the behavior of the karst spring Mareza (as output) and the Zeta River water. The possible impact of the river on the Mareza springs was also investigated. Stable isotope compositions were used to analyze the origin of the four springs of the Mareza aquifer. Seasonal variations of δ18O and δ2H values and deuterium excess (d excess) changes in precipitation are explained by the mixing of air masses, such that a Mediterranean source prevails in the winter period, while in the summer period, the area is rather under the influence of air mass originating from the Atlantic Ocean. All spring water samples have lower δ values than the local precipitation and they plot above the LMWL, which may indicate recharge at a higher altitude in the distant mountainous area. The d excess values of all water samples (higher than 10‰) indicate the prevalence of the Mediterranean as a moisture source. Based on the analysis of the seasonal variations of δ18O and δ2H in precipitation and the Mareza spring, it has been estimated that the groundwater mean transit time (MTT) is 92–129 days, and that the young water fraction (Fyw) amounts to 40.9%–53.3%. These values are typical for the strong karstic springs of highly karstified terrains.
Impact of Disdrometer Types on Rainfall Erosivity Estimation
Authors: Johannsen Lisbeth Lolk , Zambon Nives , Strauss Peter , Dostal Tomas , Neumann Martin , Zumr David , Cochrane Thomas A. , Klik Andreas
Published: April 2020

Soil erosion by water is affected by the rainfall erosivity, which controls the initial detachment and mobilization of soil particles. Rainfall erosivity is expressed through the rainfall intensity (I) and the rainfall kinetic energy (KE). KE–I relationships are an important tool for rainfall erosivity estimation, when direct measurement of KE is not possible. However, the rainfall erosivity estimation varies depending on the chosen KE–I relationship, as the development of KE–I relationships is affected by the measurement method, geographical rainfall patterns and data handling. This study investigated how the development of KE–I relationships and rainfall erosivity estimation is affected by the use of different disdrometer types. Rainfall data were collected in 1-min intervals from six optical disdrometers at three measurement sites in Austria, one site in Czech Republic and one site in New Zealand. The disdrometers included two disdrometers of each of the following types: the PWS100 Present Weather Sensor from Campbell Scientific, the Laser Precipitation Monitor from Thies Clima and the first generation Parsivel from OTT Hydromet. The fit of KE–I relationships from the literature varied among disdrometers and sites. Drop size and velocity distributions and developed KE–I relationships were device-specific and showed similarities for disdrometers of the same type across measurement sites. This hindered direct comparison of results from different types of disdrometers, even when placed at the same site. Thus, to discern spatial differences in rainfall characteristics the same type of measurement instrument should be used.
Worldwide Regulations and Guidelines for Agricultural Water Reuse: A Critical Review
Authors: Shoushtarian Farshid , Negahban-Azar Masoud
Published: April 2020

Water reuse is gaining momentum as a beneficial practice to address the water crisis, especially in the agricultural sector as the largest water consumer worldwide. With recent advancements in wastewater treatment technologies, it is possible to produce almost any water quality. However, the main human and environmental concerns are still to determine what constituents must be removed and to what extent. The main objectives of this study were to compile, evaluate, and compare the current agricultural water reuse regulations and guidelines worldwide, and identify the gaps. In total, 70 regulations and guidelines, including Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), World Health Organization (WHO), the United States (state by state), European Commission, Canada (all provinces), Australia, Mexico, Iran, Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan, Palestine, Oman, China, Kuwait, Israel, Saudi Arabia, France, Cyprus, Spain, Greece, Portugal, and Italy were investigated in this study. These regulations and guidelines were examined to compile a comprehensive database, including all of the water quality monitoring parameters, and necessary treatment processes. In summary, results showed that the regulations and guidelines are mainly human-health centered, insufficient regarding some of the potentially dangerous pollutants such as emerging constituents, and with large discrepancies when compared with each other. In addition, some of the important water quality parameters such as some of the pathogens, heavy metals, and salinity are only included in a small group of regulations and guidelines investigated in this study. Finally, specific treatment processes have been only mentioned in some of the regulations and guidelines, and with high levels of discrepancy.
From Analyses to Implementation and Innovation
Authors: Loucks Daniel P.
Published: April 2020

Reviews of the water resource systems planning and management literature show considerable interest in methodological issues and less so in implementation experiences. This paper offers some thoughts on the use of our analysis tools in the political environment where water management decisions are typically made. This paper also addresses the challenge of going beyond analysis and synthesis to innovation. How can we extend our modeling methods so as to help ourselves become more creative in the identification of potentially improved infrastructure design and/or operating policies, and even of institutional changes, that we have otherwise not considered or thought of?
Changes in Precipitation Extremes over the Source Region of the Yellow River and Its Relationship with Teleconnection Patterns
Authors: Yuan Feifei , Liu Jiahong , Berndtsson Ronny , Hao Zhenchun , Cao Qing , Wang Huimin , Du Yiheng , An Dong
Published: April 2020

Precipitation extremes and their underlying causes are important processes to understand to plan appropriate adaptation measures. This paper presents an analysis of the spatiotemporal variability and trend of precipitation extremes in the important source region of the Yellow River and explores the connection to global teleconnection patterns and the 850-mb vector wind. Six indices for precipitation extremes were computed and analyzed for assessment of a changing regional climate. Results showed that these indices have a strong gradient from the northwest to the southeast part for the period 1961–2015, due to the great influence from the south-easterly summer monsoon flow. However, no statistically significant trends were found for the defined indices at the majority of stations, and their spatial distribution are noticed by irregularly mixed positive and negative changes except for the maximum number of consecutive wet days (CWD). Singular value decomposition analysis revealed that the precipitation extreme indices—including annual total precipitation when daily precipitation >95th percentile (R95p), annual count of days with daily precipitation ≥10 mm (R10mm), annual maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation (R5d), total precipitation divided by the number of wet days (SDII), and CWD—are negatively related to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (NINO 3.4) in the first mode, and the maximum number of consecutive dry days (CDD) is positively related to the Scandinavian pattern in the second mode at 0.05 significance level. The 850-mb vector wind analysis showed that the southwestern monsoon originating from the Indian Ocean brings sufficient moisture to this region. Furthermore, the anti-cyclone in the western part of the North Pacific plays a significant role in the transport of moisture to the source region of the Yellow River. The links between precipitation extremes and teleconnection patterns explored in this study are important for better prediction and preparedness of climatic extremes.
Adsorption of Mixed Dye System with Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Modified Sepiolite: Characterization, Performance, Kinetics and Thermodynamics
Authors: Yu Jian , Zou Aiyi , He Wenting , Liu Bin
Published: April 2020

In this study, sepiolite was modified by calcination (200 °C) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) treatment. Though the specific surface area sharply declined, the adsorption amount of Acid Orange II (AO), Reactive Blue (RB), Acid Fuchsin (AR) and their mixed solution were improved. The morphology of modified sepiolite showed a better dispersibility and looser structure. The adsorption performance was highly impacted by the pH condition and adsorbent dosage. The electrostatic attraction of positively charged adsorption sites on the adsorbent surface and the negatively charged anionic dye could enhance the adsorption amount especially under acid condition. The order of preferentially adsorbed dye was AO > RB > AR. The adsorption process was much correlated to the quasi-second-order reaction kinetics. The adsorption amount and equilibrium amount of single dye system, as well as in the mixed system were in accordance with the Langmuir model and extended Langmuir isotherm.
Submerged Vane Technology in Colombia: Five Representative Projects
Authors: Rodríguez-Amaya Carlos , Durán-Ariza Argelino , Duarte-Méndez Santiago
Published: April 2020

An innovative research-based technology has been applied for the first time in Colombia to improve the navigability of the Magdalena river in a zone of the city of Barrancabermeja, Department of Santander. The result of installation of the submerged vane technology demonstrated its effectiveness in sediment management and motivated its further use as a solution to problems of erosion, scour and meander evolution, which are common occurrence in the rivers of the country. Since this 1991 installation, more than 18 projects have been completed and the technical effectiveness of the system has been improved. Compared to traditional solutions, the results demonstrate beneficial economic impacts due to shorter execution times, reduction in annual maintenance costs, and diminished environmental impacts. Characteristics of design and construction and results obtained from five projects are described that are representative of the diversity of conditions and difficulties for the application of this technology in Colombia. Lessons learned for adaptation by river management authorities are derived from the study.
Deficit and Recovery of Deep Soil Water Following a Full Cycle of Afforestation and Deforestation of Apple Trees on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Si Bingcheng , Li Min , Li Huijie
Published: April 2020

Land-use change could substantially alter the soil water balance and hydrological cycles; however, little is known on the changes in deep soil water following a cycle of afforestation and deforestation. The purpose of this study was to quantify the soil water deficit in an apple orchard and subsequent replenishment of deep soil water after the orchard was felled. Soil water changes were quantified using the “space-for-time” method through a paired plot design. The results showed that the water storage in deep soil (>3 m in depth) began to decrease when the apple tree reached about 10 years of age. The cumulative deficit of deep soil water storage in the 3–18 m soil depth could reach about 1200 mm; however, deep soil water was so depleted that apple trees can no longer adsorb water from the deep soil when apple trees are older (>22 years old). After the apple orchard was converted to cropland, precipitation replenished the desiccated deep soil to a depth of about 7 m in the first two years, but thereafter, both water recovery amount and the advance rate of the wetting front were slowed down. After 15–16 years of recovery, soil water storage increased by 512–646 mm, accounting for 42.7–53.8% of the total cumulative soil water deficit caused by the apple orchard. However, it will take more than 26 years for soil water to be replenished to the level of the original cropland prior to planting apple trees. The considerable water deficit after afforestation and subsequent long water recovery time following deforestation extend our understanding of the effect of deep-rooted trees on water balance at the decade scale.
The Selection of Rain Gauges and Rainfall Parameters in Estimating Intensity-Duration Thresholds for Landslide Occurrence: Case Study from Wayanad (India)
Authors: Abraham Minu Treesa , Satyam Neelima , Rosi Ascanio , Pradhan Biswajeet , Segoni Samuele
Published: April 2020

Recurring landslides in the Western Ghats have become an important concern for authorities, considering the recent disasters that occurred during the 2018 and 2019 monsoons. Wayanad is one of the highly affected districts in Kerala State (India), where landslides have become a threat to lives and properties. Rainfall is the major factor which triggers landslides in this region, and hence, an early warning system could be developed based on empirical rainfall thresholds considering the relationship between rainfall events and their potential to initiate landslides. As an initial step in achieving this goal, a detailed study was conducted to develop a regional scale rainfall threshold for the area using intensity and duration conditions, using the landslides that occurred during the years from 2010 to 2018. Detailed analyses were conducted in order to select the most effective method for choosing a reference rain gauge and rainfall event associated with the occurrence of landslides. The study ponders the effect of the selection of rainfall parameters for this data-sparse region by considering four different approaches. First, a regional scale threshold was defined using the nearest rain gauge. The second approach was achieved by selecting the most extreme rainfall event recorded in the area, irrespective of the location of landslide and rain gauge. Third, the classical definition of intensity was modified from average intensity to peak daily intensity measured by the nearest rain gauge. In the last approach, four different local scale thresholds were defined, exploring the possibility of developing a threshold for a uniform meteo-hydro-geological condition instead of merging the data and developing a regional scale threshold. All developed thresholds were then validated and empirically compared to find the best suited approach for the study area. From the analysis, it was observed that the approach selecting the rain gauge based on the most extreme rainfall parameters performed better than the other approaches. The results are useful in understanding the sensitivity of Intensity–Duration threshold models to some boundary conditions such as rain gauge selection, the intensity definition and the strategy of subdividing the area into independent alert zones. The results were discussed with perspective on a future application in a regional scale Landslide Early Warning System (LEWS) and on further improvements needed for this objective.
Reactive Barriers for Renaturalization of Reclaimed Water during Soil Aquifer Treatment
Authors: Valhondo Cristina , Carrera Jesús , Martínez-Landa Lurdes , Wang Jingjing , Amalfitano Stefano , Levantesi Caterina , Diaz-Cruz M. Silvia
Published: April 2020

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is known to increase available water quantity and to improve water quality. However, its implementation is hindered by the concern of polluting aquifers, which might lead to onerous treatment and regulatory requirements for the source water. These requirements might make MAR unsustainable both economically and energetically. To address these concerns, we tested reactive barriers laid at the bottom of infiltration basins to enhance water quality improvement during soil passage. The goal of the barriers was to (1) provide a range of sorption sites to favor the retention of chemical contaminants and pathogens; (2) favor the development of a sequence of redox states to promote the degradation of the most recalcitrant chemical contaminants; and (3) promote the growth of plants both to reduce clogging, and to supply organic carbon and sorption sites. We summarized our experience to show that the barriers did enhance the removal of organic pollutants of concern (e.g., pharmaceuticals and personal care products). However, the barriers did not increase the removal of pathogens beyond traditional MAR systems. We reviewed the literature to suggest improvements on the design of the system to improve pathogen attenuation and to address antibiotic resistance gene transfer.
Numerical Simulation of Water Renewal Timescales in the Mahakam Delta, Indonesia
Authors: Pham Van Chien , De Brye Benjamin , De Brauwere Anouk , Hoitink A.J.F. (Ton) , Soares-Frazao Sandra , Deleersnijder Eric
Published: April 2020

Water renewal timescales, namely age, residence time, and exposure time, which are defined in accordance with the Constituent-oriented Age and Residence time Theory (CART), are computed by means of the unstructured-mesh, finite element model Second-generation Louvain-la-Neuve Ice-ocean Model (SLIM) in the Mahakam Delta (Borneo Island, Indonesia). Two renewing water types, i.e., water from the upstream boundary of the delta and water from both the upstream and the downstream boundaries, are considered, and their age is calculated as the time elapsed since entering the delta. The residence time of the water originally in the domain (i.e., the time needed to hit an open boundary for the first time) and the exposure time (i.e., the total time spent in the domain of interest) are then computed. Simulations are performed for both low and high flow conditions, revealing that (i) age, residence time, and exposure time are clearly related to the river volumetric flow rate, and (ii) those timescales are of the order of one spring-neap tidal cycle. In the main deltaic channels, the variation of the diagnostic timescales caused by the tide is about 35% of their averaged value. The age of renewing water from the upstream boundary of the delta monotonically increases from the river mouth to the delta front, while the age of renewing water from both the upstream and the downstream boundaries monotonically increases from the river mouth and the delta front to the middle delta. Variations of the residence and the exposure times coincide with the changes of the flow velocity, and these timescales are more sensitive to the change of flow dynamics than the age. The return coefficient, which measures the propensity of water to re-enter the domain of interest after leaving it for the first time, is of about 0.3 in the middle region of the delta.
Los determinantes de la conducta financiera para no tener una cuenta de ahorro formal: aplicación de un modelo logístico multinomial
Authors: González Nuñez Jorge Carlos
Published: April 2020

El objetivo del estudio es explicar la conducta financiera de las personas que no tienen cuenta de ahorro formal. El método de medición es el modelo logístico multinomial que se aplica a datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Inclusión Financiera del 2015. La aplicación del modelo responde a la naturaleza de la variable de respuesta que es categórica y no tiene un orden de importancia. Las principales variables que caracterizan a las personas que no ahorran en el sistema financieroformal son: nivel de educación, localidad, registro de gasto, edad y sexo.
MENEMUKAN KEMBALI MAKNA TOBAT KRISTIANI DARI TATA PERAYAAN TOBAT
Authors: Laksito Petrus Canisius Edi
Published: April 2020

Sacrament of Penance is of great importance for the formation of the faithful in their path to holiness after Baptism. This Sacrament is intended as an instrument for theircontinual cleansing and sanctification as the disciples of Christ, so that they can bear many fruits in their life. This work of sanctification is a key element in their Christian life due to the power of sins which defiles them as the members of Christ. This paper wants to explore the meaning of the Sacrament of Penance in the work of sanctification of the faithful from the liturgical document Ordo Paenitentiae (1973) and the subsequent documents on it. At the end of the discussion, it wants to bring some pastoral consequences related to the practice of this Sacrament in the context of the life of the faithful in the Diocese of Surabaya.
Diode Laser 805 Hair Removal Side Effects in Groups of Various Ethnicities – Cohort Study Results
Authors: Atta-Motte Magdalena , Załęska Izabela
Published: April 2020

Introduction: As hair removal has become most popular in aesthetics, the management of its side effects is crucial for every practitioner. Available studies describe the effectiveness of the diode laser hair removal for all skin types according to the Fitzpatrick scale independently, but the question of the occurrence of side effects and adverse effects remains unanswered. This study aims to illustrate aspects of side effects for patients of various ethnicities and the impact of those on the effectiveness of the treatment. Methods: The research was carried out in Poland and the United Kingdom from March 2016 to March 2019. 217 people of various ethnic origins were qualified for the study, 206 sessions were completed and statistical analysis was performed. The procedure was performed in the pubic area with diode lasers with a wavelength of 805 nm, minimum peak power of 2100 W and pulse duration between 15 and 400 ms. ET sapphire cooling assisted handle 9 x 9 mm large and pulse energy density between 10 and 100 J/cm2 were used for all treatments. In addition, in order to illustrate the effectiveness of treatments, the subjective and objective analyses of hair loss percentages were indicated. In statistical analysis, the chi-square test for independence was used to evaluate the correlation between the type and severity of side effects and the ethnic origin of patients, the number of treatments, the Fitzpatrick scale and the level of satisfaction. Results: The occurrence of sensitivity depended statistically significantly (P=0.002) on ethnicity. Ethnicity had no significant effect on the occurrence of erythema. The occurrence of hyperpigmentation statistically significantly depended (P<0.001) on ethnicity. The occurrence of burns depended statistically significantly (P=0.001) on ethnicity. The number of treatments had a significant (P=0.012) effect on the severity of side effects occurrence. Among participants who had 6 treatments, only half had side effects, including multiple effects occurring in 9.79% of cases. The occurrence of side effects such as sensitivity and hyperpigmentation did not depend on the number of treatments. However, the number of treatments had a significant impact on the incidence of erythema (P<0.001) and burns (P=0.005). More than half of the respondents (58.33%) had erythema after more than six procedures, whereas in the 6 treatments the erythema occurred only in 6.7% of cases. Conclusion: The treatment with the use of diode lasers for all subjects with different ethnicity and thus the recognized scale according to Fitzpatrick is effective and safe. The occurring side effects are transient and do not impact the effect of the whole therapy.
Effect of Surface Treatment With Er:YAG and CO2 Lasers on Shear Bond Strength of Polyether Ether Ketone to Composite Resin Veneers
Authors: Jahandideh Yousef , Falahchai Mehran , Pourkhalili Hossein
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has low surface energy and high resistance to chemical surface treatments. Therefore, different surface treatments such as laser conditioning should be investigated. There is a gap of information regarding the efficacy of laser irradiation in the surface treatment of PEEK, and the efficacy of several laser types needs to be evaluated for this purpose. This study aimed to assess the effect of surface treatment with erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) and carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers on shear bond strength (SBS) of PEEK to composite resin veneers. Methods: In this experimental study, 60 rectangular-shaped PEEK samples (7 x 7 x 2 mm) were used. The samples were mounted in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin in such a way that only one surface measuring 7x7 mm remained exposed. The samples were then randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20) of control, Er:YAG laser surface treatment (Power=1.5 W, energy density=119.42 J/cm2 , irradiation time=20 s) and CO2 laser surface treatment (Power=4 W, energy density=159.22 J/cm2 , irradiation time=50 s). The bonding agent and PEEK opaque were applied on the surface of samples and they were veneered with a composite resin using a hollow plastic cylinder with an internal diameter of 4 mm. The SBS was then measured and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD test and Dunnett’s test at 0.05 level of significance. Results: The SBS of the 3 groups was significantly different (P<0.001). The Tukey HSD test revealed that the Er:YAG laser had higher SBS than the CO2 laser group (P<0.001). The Dunnett’s test showed that both Er:YAG and CO2 laser groups yielded higher SBS than the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: The Er:YAG and CO2 laser treatments can increase the SBS of PEEK to composite resin veneers, although the Er:YAG laser seems to be more effective for this purpose.
The Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Acceleration of Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Baghizadeh Fini Maryam , Olyaee Pooya , Homayouni Ahmadreza
Published: April 2020

In clinical practice, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is widely used. The main aim of this review is to assess the effectiveness of LLLT in accelerating tooth movement in human subjects. The PRISMA checklist was utilized as a guideline to carry out this systematic review. The electronic databases were searched from Google Scholar (2014-2018) and PubMed, and comprehensive research on this topic was also manually conducted. Therefore, 77 articles randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials (CCTs) were selected. After screening studies, consequently, eleven trials met the inclusion criteria. Eight out of 11 studies showed LLLT has a significant impact on the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement, and there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of tooth movement between the laser group and the control group in the two remaining studies. Furthermore, five out of 11 articles showed that LLLT has no adverse effects. Although we have some degree of understanding from a cellular point of view to LLLT effects, we still do not know whether these cellular level changes have any effect on the clinical acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement. The results are inconclusive and cannot be generalized to the public community; therefore, well-structured studies are required.
FUNGEMIA POR TRICHOSPORON ASAHII SECUNDARIA A INFECCIÓN DE PIEDRA BLANCA EN PACIENTE INDÍGENA
Authors: Solano VEnegas Florita , Rivera Barquero Angelo , Alfaro Vargas Tatiana
Published: April 2020

El género Trichosporon es el responsable de la infección benigna superficial conocida como piedra blanca. Especies de este género y específicamente Trichosporon asahii se han descrito como agentes de infecciones oportunistas en pacientes inmunodeprimidos. Se describe un caso de fungemia por T. asahii en una paciente adolescente indígena con leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA). Se realizó identificación T. asahii mediante el sistema automatizado Vitek (Biomerieux ®), de los aislamientos obtenidos tanto de los hemocultivos como de los nódulos de la cabellera. LLA constituye una condición debilitante del sistema inmune que expuso a nuestra paciente a la fácil adquisición de una infección oportunista que dio lugar a una sepsis.
EVALUACIÓN DE LÍNEAS DE UNA CRUZA INTERESPECÍFICA DE TOMATE
Authors: Parra-Gómez Mayra A. , Lobato-Ortiz Ricardo , García-Zavala J. Jesús , Reyes-López Delfino , Velasco-Alvarado Mario J.
Published: April 2020

El tomate o jitomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) es una de las principales hortalizas cultivadas en México y en el mundo; sin embargo, presenta una reducida variación genética resultado de su proceso de domesticación y de su sistema de reproducción por autogamia. Como consecuencia, el uso de germoplasma proveniente de sus parientes silvestres es una opción que los mejoradores han explotado para buscar variantes alélicas de calidad y de resistencia a factores bióticos y abióticos adversos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue ampliar la base genética del jitomate cultivado, generar germoplasma para el mejoramiento genético y evaluar el potencial hortícola de 225 líneas S3 derivadas de una cruza interespecífica entre S. lycopersicum y S. pimpinellifolium. Las 225 líneas se evaluaron en condiciones de invernadero e hidroponía. Se obtuvo gran variación entre líneas para las variables relacionadas con el rendimiento y sus componentes, así como en calidad de fruto; el peso promedio de fruto varió de 1 a 36 g, los sólidos solubles totales de 3.4 a 10.2 °Brix, el rendimiento de 16 a 1330 g por planta, y el número de frutos por racimo fue de 8 a 115, por lo que las líneas generadas representan una nueva fuente de germoplasma para programas de mejoramiento genético de jitomate en México. Las variables que presentaron alta correlación con el rendimiento fueron el peso promedio de fruto, longitud y diámetro de fruto, así como el número total de frutos por planta. Los componentes del rendimiento tuvieron valores relativamente altos de heredabilidad en sentido amplio, mayores de 0.60, mientras que para grados sólidos solubles totales fue 0.50.
GUAYALEJO, VARIEDAD DE CÁRTAMO PARA LA REGIÓN DE LAS HUASTECAS
Authors: Valadez-Gutiérrez Juan , Cervantes-Martínez José E.
Published: April 2020

En respuesta a las demandas de los productores de la región de las Huastecas (norte de Veracruz, oriente de San Luis Potosí y sur de Tamaulipas), en el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) se obtuvo la variedad de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorious L.) Guayalejo de alto potencial de rendimiento y estabilidad en su producción de grano. Esta variedad es tolerante a las enfermedades principales en esa región: Mancha de la hoja (Alternaria carthami) y Roya (Puccinia carthami); contiene 35.64 % de aceite, con una proporción linoleico:oleico de 3:1 (Aceites especiales TH, abril 17 de 2015)1. En el Catálogo Nacional de Variedades Vegetales 2015, a esta variedad se le asignó el número de registro definitivo CAR-019-230513 (SNICS, 2015).
GENÉTICA DE LA RESISTENCIA A Puccinia triticina Eriks EN TRIGOS CRISTALINOS INVERNALES
Authors: Delgado-Sánchez Laura M. , Huerta-Espino Julio , López-Peralta Ma.-Cristina , Benitez-Riquelme Ignacio , Hérnandez-Meneses Eleodoro
Published: April 2020

Entre 51 genotipos de trigo cristalino (T. turgidum var. durum) de habito invernal se identificó a Mirlo 26 y Elinia 48, como resistentes a la raza BBG/ BPC de Puccinia triticina E. (agente causal de roya de la hoja) en etapa de plántula. En la progenie de la cruza con el cultivar susceptible de primavera Atred se determinó que en Elinia 48 la resistencia fue condicionada por un gen dominante y otro recesivo mientras que en Mirlo 26 se debió a un gen recesivo. La cruza entre los dos genotipos resistentes no produjo progenie susceptible en la F2 ni en las familias F3, por lo que se sugiere la similitud de por lo menos un gen de resistencia en ambos progenitores. Mirlo 26 es susceptible mientras que Elinia 48 permaneció resistente a la raza BBB/BNJ virulenta a Lr61 identificada en el 2008, por lo que fue posible determinar que el gene recesivo identificado en Mirlo 26 es el gen que ambos progenitores tienen en común. En las poblaciones F2 y F3 de la cruza Mirlo 26 x Elinia 48 inoculadas con la raza BBB/BNJ virulenta sobre el gen recesivo la segregación fue de 3:1, que corresponde a la segregación para un gen dominante. Como resultado de las cruzas de los progenitores de invierno con el progenitor de primavera se dispone ahora genotipos de trigo cristalino de primavera que poseen el gen dominante y líneas con el gen recesivo.
EVALUACIÓN DE OLIGONUCLEÓTIDOS PARA MEDIR EXPRESIÓN GENÉTICA DURANTE LA MARCHITEZ BACTERIANA DEL TOMATE
Authors: Cuevas-Reyes Elizabeth , Carrillo-Morales Manuel , Treviño-Quintanilla Luis G. , Aparicio-Fabre Rosaura , Hernández-Romano Jesús
Published: April 2020

La marchitez bacteriana causada por Ralstonia solanacearum afecta al cultivo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) de diversas partes de México. El conocimiento de la interacción planta-bacteria puede proporcionar herramientas que ayuden a controlar esta enfermedad. Los perfiles de expresión de genes del tomate relacionados con defensa y de genes de patogenicidad de la bacteria, podrían permitir identificar genes esenciales para el bloqueo o desarrollo de la marchitez. La técnica de RT-qPCR permite cuantificar los niveles de expresión genética; sin embargo, es importante evaluar la eficiencia y el rango dinámico de los oligonucleótidos a utilizar, para descartar la posibilidad de que las diferencias observadas estén influenciadas por aspectos técnicos y no sólo por causas biológicas. Con el objetivo de identificar pares de oligonucleótidos que bajo las condiciones experimentales utilizadas se desempeñen adecuadamente, en este trabajo se evaluó el desempeño de 40 pares de oligonucleótidos, tanto previamente reportados como sintetizados de novo, 23 pares están asociados a 16 genes del tomate, y 17 pares asociados a 10 genes de R. solanacearum. Los resultados mostraron que oligonucleótidos con un desempeño adecuado en un laboratorio no siempre se comportan adecuadamente bajo las condiciones utilizadas en otro laboratorio, lo que subraya la importancia de revisar las secuencias y evaluar cada par de oligonucleótidos con los reactivos y equipo con que se pretende evaluar los niveles de expresión genética, independientemente de los reportes previos sobre el desempeño de tales oligonucleótidos.
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS, QUÍMICAS Y ANTIOXIDANTES DE VARIEDADES DE MANGO CRECIDAS EN LA COSTA DE GUERRERO
Authors: Maldonado-Astudillo Yanik I. , Navarrete-García Heidi A. , Ortiz-Morales Óscar D. , Jiménez-Hernández Javier , Salazar-López Ricardo , Alia-Tejacal Irán , Álvarez-Fitz Patricia
Published: April 2020

El mango (Mangifera indica L.) es una fruta tropical que destaca por su particular sabor y aroma, tiene amplia aceptación y una creciente demanda en los mercados internacionales. Dado que las propiedades y composición varían con la región de cultivo, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar las características físicas, químicas y actividad atrapadora de radicales libres de cuatro variedades de mango producidas en el estado de Guerrero. Se cosecharon frutos sanos en madurez fisiológica y de consumo de las variedades de mango Ataulfo, Manila, Irwin y Criollo. Las variedades sobresalientes en atributos de calidad física fueron: Ataulfo en biomasa (387.8 g); Irwin en firmeza (37.3 kg cm-2); Ataulfo Manila y Criollo en color externo (matiz > 40 ºh). La mayor acidez titulable total fue para Ataulfo (0.3 %); pH para Manila, Criollo e Irwin (3.5 a 3.9). No se presentaron diferencias significativas entre variedades en el contenido de sólidos solubles totales (8.5 a 11.3 ºBrix), humedad (60 a 82 %) y cenizas (0.4 a 0.5 %). El mayor contenido de azúcares totales se presentó en la variedad Irwin (31 %) y de vitamina C en Manila y Criollo (34 a 48 mg g-1). El mayor contenido de polifenoles (527.59 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico/100 g) y flavonoides (438.69 mg equivalentes de catequina/100 g) fue para Ataulfo en frutos en madurez fisiológica y la mayor actividad atrapadora de radicales libres para extractos metanólicos de las variedades Ataulfo y Criollo. Se concluye que las variedades Ataulfo, Manila, Criollo e Irwin satisfacen los requerimientos de la Norma NMX-FF-058-SCFI-2006 de calidad de mango fresco para comercio nacional y que la variedad Ataulfo cumple con la categoría extra grande de la NOM-188-SCFI-2012. La gran actividad atrapadora de radicales libres de las variedades Manila, Irwin y Criollo les confieren valor a sus frutos como alimentos funcionales.