bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Application of a Seasonal Solar Soil Heat Storage System Applied in Greenhouse Heating
Authors: Zhang Liang , Xu Peng , Mao Jia Chen , Tang Xu
Published: October 2014

A seasonal solar soil heat storage (SSSHS) system applied in greenhouse heating has been designed and introduced. The system consists of solar collector subsystem, soil heat storage subsystem, greenhouse heating subsystem, hydronic subsystem and control subsystem. By applying soil heat storage, solar energy stored in the soil under the greenhouse can be transferred and utilized in winter to realize the utilization of cross-seasonal energy. TRNSYS is used to simulate the process and effect in the system of the solar energy collection and soil heat storage in Shanghai, and the simulation is calibrated to improve the precision of the TRNSYS model. When the indoor air temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 12°C throughout the year, the energy saving by using the SSSHS system in Shanghai can be 46.2kWh/(m2∙year).
Study on the Model of the Stability of International Energy Cooperative
Authors: Gong Chao , Yang Hong Li , Wang Qi
Published: October 2014

The world economy entering the era of cooperation and competition, in this case, cooperation has become the basic state of the economy. During the developing process, the change of cooperative stability, which determines cooperative trajectory, is a key scientific problem on collaboration. Cooperative intensity, whose size directly determines the intensity of stability on the cooperation system and affects the evolutive boundary of the cooperative system, is endogenous variables affecting the cooperative stability. In recent years the cooperative strength and the cooperative stability has become a hot research topic on cooperation projects. This paper, drawing on the relative research of other scholars, proposing the concept of cooperative strength, which to discuss how did the endogenous factors affect the cooperative stability, using the relationship between them, builds the model of cooperative stability according with the energy fields, and verifies the existence of stability in cooperative system. The results show that in the evolution of stability of cooperative system, cooperative strength is the internal factor which determines the cooperitive stability. The interaction among the effective factors of the cooperative strength restricts the trajectory of cooperative stability. Its trajectory is complex, but there is still a boundary, which can make cooperative system reach stable state.
Research of Distance Education Based on Virtual Reality Technology in Power System
Authors: Wang Yu Ying
Published: October 2014

This article describes the virtual reality technology, distance education in the virtual reality environment and applications of distance education based on virtual reality technology in power system teaching and power production. Compared with the traditional teaching it broke through the restrictions of time and space and virtual classrooms were established, it perfected power system teaching, promoted electricity production and improved the efficiency of electrical equipment maintenance exercises. It can bring new energy to the power system and play a promoting role in sustainable development of energy and economy in the certain degree.
Study on the Environmental Education of Hydraulic Engineering
Authors: Meng Xiu Ying , Li Shu Hui
Published: October 2014

With the increasingly serious global environmental problems, environmental education is an important part of the quality education on hydraulic engineering in colleges. The main methods of environmental education include specialized education, infiltration education and organizational environment education , etc. The global environmental problems can be associated with university education itself through environmental education, and then promote the development of environmental protections and the development of environmental protection industry.
Study on Application of STATCOM in Dynamic Reactive Power Compensation of Wind Farm Integration
Authors: Liu Zhi Jian , Zhao Zi Qi , Li Bo
Published: October 2014

As an increasing proportion of wind power in power grid, reactive power problem has become the most important problems in wind power integration. But as a result of wind power is a kind of intermittent energy sources, and put it into use in a large scale only just beginning. Many urgent problems which affect on system stability need to be resolved, such as voltage stability, reactive power compensation. This paper discussed the problems which around the reactive power compensation and angle stability issues while wind power integration. The reactive power compensation device named STATCOM instead of traditional capacitance. Establish the mathematical model of the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) and Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) [3]. In order to meet the wind farm can transport reactive power quickly and continuously after fault. Establish the control strategy of DFIG combined with STATCOM [1]. Using the software MATLAB to simulate the wind power grid model and control system, verifies the rightness and effectiveness of model and STATCOM reactive power compensation effect for wind power integration.
Wind Speed Forecasting in Wind Farm
Authors: Liu Hong Peng , Zhang Xiao Di , Li Hong Sheng , Wang Qing
Published: October 2014

Artificial neural network method was used to forecast the wind speed, and two wind speed forecasting models were built based on BP and RBF neural network methods. 24 hours continuous wind speed forecast was conducted for a single wind turbine in wind farm. The results show that the models built are reasonable and have high prediction accuracy. By comparing the two kinds of wind speed forecasting models, BP neural network forecasting model has higher prediction accuracy than RBF neural network forecasting model in wind speed, but it demands much more training time.
Dynamical Analysis of Wind Turbine Helical Gear System Based on Flexible Supporting
Authors: Yin Yu Feng , Na Ya Li , Li Yong Jian
Published: October 2014

The effects of flexible tower supporting on wind turbines helical gear system was discussed. Using speed-combined method, the random speed model of wind was established and the wind loading was obtained. The helical gear system model of wind turbine was built under flexible supporting of the tower. The vibration displacement responses of each shaft were simulated and compared with response under rigid supporting. The results shows that the amplitude of vibration displacements under flexible supporting are generally higher and closer to the actual working condition, and considering the effects of flexible supporting of tower on system is necessary to the dynamic analysis.
Research of Robust State Estimation Method and Program Implementation Considering Large-Scale Wind Power Integration
Authors: Luo Ya Di , Li Jing , Guo Zi Ming , Shi Gui Rong , Wang Dong Sheng , Yan Bo
Published: October 2014

According to the characteristics of the wind farm measuration and the impact of bad data on the state estimation, this paper introduces the reference value of measurement type and the bad data reference factor into the weight function, and then presents the calculation method of state estimation method for solving residual contamination problem caused by large-scale wind power integration. In order to improve the software computing speed and the data section real-time performance of robust state estimation, using parallel algorithms to do Givens transformation. Finally, the simulation tests of a regional power grid to prove that the proposed method can effectively identify telemetry bad data of wind farms eliminate residual pollution caused by it, which improve the speed and accuracy of the State Estimation.
Research on the Peaking Gap of Power System with Large-Scale Wind Power Integration
Authors: Jiang Xi Wei , Liu Wen Ying , Zheng Jing Jing , Du Pei Dong , Wang Jian Bo
Published: October 2014

An important factor affecting the integration of large-scale wind power is whether there is sufficient peaking capacity. If the peaking capacity is insufficient, we cannot make full use of wind power. Therefore it’s of great significance to study the peaking gap of the power system. This paper defined the peak-load regulating demand continuous curve and proposed the calculation method of the peaking gap based on non-sequential Monte Carlo simulation method. Taking wind power’s random fluctuation and the unit forced outage rate into consideration, the calculation method effectively reflect the peaking capacity needs of the system, which is helpful for determining the appropriate wind power integration.
Status and Trends of Renewable Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zou Yu Wei , Ji Wei Huan , Sang Ying Jun
Published: October 2014

With advances in technology, Internet of things have been all over every aspect of our lives, renewable energy harvesting technologies will provide a better solution for the power supply of wireless sensors. This article outlines a variety of renewable energy, renewable energy equipment already, the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy in the environment. Effective use of renewable energy will be the future hot research of energy development.
Economic and Environmental Assessments of Two Installation Types of Photovoltaic Systems in Shanghai
Authors: Wu Xin Fang , Liu Yong Sheng , Xu Juan , Si Xiao Dong , Lei Wei , Du Wen Long
Published: October 2014

This paper mainly analyses a BAPV system of 3kWp and a BIPV system of 10 kWp in Shanghai, China. Net present value (NPV) and the payback time (Pd) as the parameters to determine the profitability of the system based on some actual measured data. As there are two subsidy policies in China, including the initial investment subsidy and PV electricity tariff subsidy. The variations of NPV and Pdwith the initial investment subsidy and PV electricity tariff subsidy are researched. Analysis results indicate both the systems have a good economic benefit. Since the manufacturing, utilization and recycling periods of PV systems can lead to negative impacts on the environment. Environmental impacts by both the systems are also evaluated in this paper by the energy payback time (EPBT) and greenhouse-gas payback time (GPBT). Results show both the systems have a good environmental benefit, PV technology and PV system are sustainable.
Research on the Development and Utilization of Geothermal Energy
Authors: Zhang Yu Peng , Wang Shu Zhong , Luo Qing , Luo Xiang Rong , Jing Ze Feng
Published: October 2014

Faced with two problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution, people focus on the development of renewable energy resources. Geothermal energy is the most realistic and competitive one among the renewable energy resources. Besides its reserves is abundant. Geothermal energy is widely used in many fields. Geothermal power generation technologies are introduced and whether dry stream power generation method, ORC or KC method is elected depends on the temperature of geothermal water. Geothermal heating is the simplest, most economic and most effective utilization of low temperature geothermal energy. There are also various applications in industry for geothermal energy. Geothermal water is more and more popular in health care. In addition, geothermal energy is used in planting and breeding. Cascade utilization is the most promising way for geothermal energy because the energy efficiency is the highest. Two comprehensive utilization projects are discussed in this paper. Then ground source heat pump is introduced.
Hot Water Extraction and Fixed Bed Pyrolysis for Bitumen Recovery of an Indonesian Oil Sand
Authors: He De Min , Nie Fan , Guan Jun , Hu Hao Quan , Zhang Qiu Min
Published: October 2014

An Indonesian oil sand were studied by hot water extraction and fixed bed pyrolysis for bitumen recovery. It was found that the concentration of alkali and temperature both had effects on the yield of water extraction. But the maximum yield was only 12.74wt% under the investigated condition due to its oil-wet structure. As to pyrolysis in fixed bed reactor, the influence of holding time, flow rate of gas carrier and temperature on the tar yield were considered. The maximum tar yield was 17.01wt% under 140mL/min of gas carrier, 480°C, 0.1MPa and holding for 40min. The results show that pyrolysis is more suitable for bitumen recovery of the oil sand compared with hot water extraction.
Research Progress on Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers as the Additive Component of Diesel Fuel
Authors: An Gao Jun , Wang Xu Dong , Lu Chang Bo , Xiong Chun Hua , Zhou You Jie , Liu Ya Wen , Shang Hong Yan
Published: October 2014

Due to the good chemical properties, polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (DMMn) are regarded as an outstanding additive component of diesel fuel, which are efficient in reducing the formation of soot during the combustion when added to diesel fuel. The properties, synthetic methods and application of DMMnare summarized and introduced in this paper. Furthermore, the development and application prospects of DMMnin future are presented.
The Application of High Temperature Foam Surface Active Agent Used in Heavy Oil Thermal Recovery
Authors: Liu En Hong
Published: October 2014

Heavy oil in Liaohe oilfield is buried in more than 1000 meters, and the steam injection temperature is around 350°C. Through the experiment on surfactant product, high temperature foam surface active agent was developed, which was based on high carbon chain alkyl benzene sulfonate or alkyl toluene sulfonate, and auxiliary solvent and stabilizer were added. High temperature foam surface active agent can meet the needs of steam foam profile control technology.
Parametric Optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle by Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Bian Shuang , Wu Teng , Yang Jin Fu
Published: October 2014

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is widely used in the field of low temperature waste heat recovery, including solar, biomass and geothermal energy, among others. Based on the thermodynamic model of ORC system built up in Matlab, this study employ Genetic Algorithm (GA) on ORC system for parametric optimization and select a ratio of heat transfer area to total net power output as the performance evaluation criterion to predict the economy of system. R11, R113, R123 and isopentane are choosed as the working medium. The results show that the ORC system with isopentane has the minimum objective function value of 0.429m2/kw. The corresponding condensing temperature and degree of supercooling are generally located at lower boundary over their parametric design ranges, and the corresponding pinch point temperature difference are located at upper boundary. For different working fluids, there exist an optimum evaporating temperature and degree of superheat.
Study on DC Bias Magnetic Properties of Transformer with Different Structures
Authors: Huang Yue Hua , Xie Qing , Gao Ming , Zhou Zhe Heng , Liu Xu
Published: October 2014

When the HVDC works in mono-polar operation or bipolar unbalanced operation, DC flows through the neutral point and causes DC bias magnetic of transformer around HVDC grounding electrode, which influences the operation security of transformers. Beside highly saturated core, it also causes the distortion of exciting current, increasing harmonics and leakage magnetic flux, and thus the losses, which in turn results in the structures of transformer overheating and insulation aging. Based on the principle of transformer DC bias magnetic and UMEC of transformer in PSCAD/EMTDC, electromagnetic transient simulation platform of transformer DC bias magnetic is built. Considering the effect of DC bias magnetic on different structure of transformer, three kinds of typical transformer that has been widely applied are selected including three-phase three-limb transformer, three-phase five-limb transformer, three-phase bank transformer. After comparing the differences between these three kinds of transformer, related parameters are set such as the core structure and mode of winding connection and so on.
Study on Typical Compact Structures and Faults of 220kV Cable-Conductor Bushings
Authors: Wu Peng , Xue Na , Lu Yun Cai , Yu Chao , Wu Yi Ming
Published: October 2014

According to two typical COT bushing faults, three typical 220kV cable-conductor bushings (COT, TOM and BRDLW) widely used in the power grid are analyzed about bushing compact structure. Bushing pressing structure, installation clamping force, deformation deviation and sealing system are discussed in the paper. The study found that the installation clamping force and the reeds adjustment range of COT bushing is smaller than others. The manufacturability deviation and the poor condition will cause hidden trouble to the bushing sealing system. Last, several suggestions about bushing maintenance are given for the COT bushing.
The Dynamic Galloping Characteristics of Icing Guyed HVDC Tower
Authors: Zhu He , Xu Da Tian , Zhao Hao Ran
Published: October 2014

According to the wind vibration shape of HVDC tower Under icing,the reason of guyed HVDC tower galloping is analysised.The mathematical model of icing guyed galloping and the vibration equation of HVDC tower is established .Using the measured wind data, the galloping dynamic characteristic of guyed HVDC tower under icing condition is completed in soft. The structure vibration situation drawing close to reality, the research results has been possible to provide the reference for wind disaster prevention.
Functions and Theoretical Basis of Partial Discharge On-Line Monitoring System for High-Voltage Cables
Authors: Pang Dan , Zhang Xi Lin , Wang Zhen Hao , Zhang Dan , Han Xiao Juan
Published: October 2014

A partial discharge (PD) on-line monitoring and positioning system for high-voltage cables based on double-ended testing technology is developed. The hardware of this system includes a high-frequency current sensor, site PD signal acquisition and PD monitoring server. In order to achieve real-time monitoring and remote diagnostics of the XLPE cable partial discharge status, the designed software system is divided into front-end control system and remote diagnostic system. And finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the system is verified by XLPE cable partial discharge testing.
A Power Flow Method for VSC-Multi-Terminal Hybrid System Based on Asynchronous Iteration Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Kun , Li Qiang , Yang Xiao , Li Li , Zou Yu , Zhang Yin , Dou Cheng Long
Published: October 2014

With the continuous development of HVDC technology, the increase in the number of ports in the MTDC system and the increasing complexity of network topology, the deficiency of traditional flow calculation method is becoming clear. In this paper, a power flow calculation method that contains distribution of VSC-MTDC mixed system which based on asynchronous iterative method is put forward. On the basis of the current model converter, by dividing the hybrid system and coordinating calculation of boundary variables, this method achieves the global convergence of the whole system. The shortcomings that numerous converter stations in VSC-MTDC power flow method, slow operations and poor convergence in communication network with large number of nodes, are overcome in this method. Moreover, more control modes in the operation of the converter station are considered. Finally, through the example, the correctness and effectiveness of this method are verified.
Improved Efficiency of Microspore Culture of Brassica campestris Ssp. pekinensis (Chinese Cabbage)
Authors: Han Yang , Ye Xue Ling , Feng Hui
Published: October 2014

[Objective](1) to investigate the factors that influence microspore embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration;(2) to discuss some protocols for the induction culture of microspore-derived embryos and for rooting and transplantation of microspore-derived plantlets. [Proposed Methods] B. campestris ssp. pekinensis ‘Futian 50’ and B. campestris ssp. pekinensis ‘Changkuai’ were used as the experimental materials, then their microspores were cultured in NLN media. [Results] NAA and 2,4-D inhibits the formation of microspore-derived embryos. Low concentrations of cytokinins facilitate embryogenesis, while high concentrations inhibit embryogenesis.The combined effects of auxin and cytokinin are synergistic. However, AC inhibits embryo development. [Conclusion] The better the development of the embryos, the higher is the plantlet regeneration rate. The plant regeneration rate increased significantly on the MS culture medium supplemented with 200 mg·l-1 AC. MS medium containing 0.1 mg·l-1 NAA is the optimal medium for rooting of microspore-derived plantlets.
Study on Households’ Willingness in Farmland Transfer: A Case of Tengtou Village, Fenghua in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Yuan Shao Feng , Li Fan , Wang Xue Chan
Published: October 2014

Along with the speeding up of urbanization and industrialization, the agricultural production in China is shifting from small-scale extensive pattern to large-scale pattern, from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. Farmland circulation is the premise of realizing farmland scale and intensive management, is the solution to farm land use problems, such as abandoned. This study selects "the top 500 global ecological village", Tengtou village, Fenghua of Ningbo in Zhejiang as the sampling area, through questionnaire and interview method, from the farmland circulation present situation, the transfer will, transfer factors of Tengtou are analyzed.
Ore Types and Characteristics of Melt (Fluid) Inclusions on the Maoniuping REE Deposit Mianning, Sichuan, China
Authors: Kong Ling Rui , Zhang Guo Rui
Published: October 2014

The Maoniuping REE deposit located in the northern section of the Panxi (Panzhihua and Xichang) rift zone of western margin of the Yangtze plate. It is by far the world's youngest discovered endogenous LREE deposit, and is also the world's third largest endogenous LREE deposit. Yanshanian alkaline granites are widely developed in Mianxi region, and the Maoniuping REE deposit hosts in the middle of Mianqi granite body. Surrounding rocks of REE ore body are nordmarkite and carbonatite. According to the output position, mineralization types, structure and other features, ore types of the Maoniuping REE deposit are designated as carbonatite type, pegmatite type, breccia type, and fine stockwork type. According to phase characteristics at room temperature and change of heating process, inclusions can be divided into three kinds: melt inclusions (M), melt fluid inclusions (ML) and fluid inclusions (L).
Simulation Study on the Moderator in PGNAA-Based Online Coal Measurement System
Authors: Shan Qing , Li Qun , Cheng Can , Jia Wen Bao , Hei Da Qian , Ling Yong Sheng
Published: October 2014

An online coal measurement system, which is based on the prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) technology and uses a D-T neutron generator, is studied in this work. To improve the analytical precision of the element in coal, the original moderator is optimized. The standards of the optimization are (1) the neutron flux increase 50% after moderation; (2) the proportion of thermal and middle-energy neutron and fast neutron is nearly equal to 1:1. Using Monte Carlo method, the moderator has been optimized by adding the uranium238 to the original moderator, which consists of high density polyethylene (HDPE). The simulation results show that the optimization standards can be basically satisfied when the thickness of the uranium238 and HDPE are 4cm and 1cm respectively. On this basis, preliminary study on introducing the channel to moderator is carried out. The preliminary results show that the channel can improve the total neutron flux. But also, it will decrease the proportion of thermal and middle-energy neutron and fast neutron.
Analytic Hierarchy Process on the Gob Natural Gas Pipeline Risk Assessment
Authors: Wang Jin Dong , Shen Hai Feng , Zhao Zhen Chao
Published: October 2014

The related factors of ground movement and deformation was analyzed in coal mining, geological conditions, Analytic Hierarchy Process to establish a mining methods, mining subsidence formation time, covered lithology, mining depth and thickness ratio, horizontal deformation, curvature radius, inclination, and subsidence value of the gob as the main indicator of the type of evaluation system based on evaluation system divided into different risk levels, and to take appropriate measures to deal with different risk levels. Combined with Second West-East Gas Pipeline Ningshan branch instantiated demonstration showed Hengfa Mined subsidence gas pipeline risk assessment results coincide with the actual impact of the case, to prove that this evaluation method has great practical application guidance.
Experimental Study on Failure Mechanism of Soft Rock Roadway in Yangcheng Coal
Authors: Wang Rong Chao , Tan Yun Liang
Published: October 2014

For the mutual disturbance several roadway excavation, it is difficult to support the roadway and damage is more serious, the original supporting scheme has been out of action, so the article by using the method of field test, theoretical analysis and laboratory experiments on the Yangcheng coal mine soft rock roadway destruction mechanism of in-depth study, based on the theoretical and experimental data measured results were analyzed, and according to the deformation analysis of Yangcheng mine lane, the failure characteristics and causes of roadway, also according to each drill hole core lithology and laboratory test, the basic physical and mechanical parameters, provides a reliable data of Yangcheng coal mine soft rock roadway failure mechanism, for similar geological conditions of coal seam mining also provides practical guidance significance.
Research of Al and Fe Leaching Rate in the Process of Slag Leaching by Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Mang Guang Qiang , Cheng Ming
Published: October 2014

Smelting slag from mineral process and blast furnace process to vanadium titanium magnetite is a kind of precious secondary resource in which TiO2 content is higher than 20%. Taking titanium-bearing blast furnace slag in Panzhihua region as research object, this paper analyzes four factors that affect the leaching rate of Al and Fe. The four factors are reaction temperature, reaction time, acid concentration, and the ratio of acid and slag. The conclusion drawn from hydrochloric acid leaching experiment is the factor that causes greatest effect to leaching rate of Al and Fe is reaction temperature, then reaction time follows. Acid concentration and the ratio of acid and slag cause insignificant affect. Appropriate leaching condition is 5h reaction time, 5mol/L hydrochloric acid concentration, 90°C~100°C reaction temperature and 1.2 the ratio of acid and slag. Max leaching rate of Al and Fe is 78.5% and 65.8% respectively.
A Research and Application of Strong Inhibition Drilling Fluid
Authors: Wu Jun Kang , Xu Hou Ying , Xie Yu Ning , Zhou Xiao Yu
Published: October 2014

Thick coal seam BK block the distribution appears below 2500 meters long, loose and mixed carbonaceous mudstone. Release a new borehole pressure after the drill will cause collapse block falling, finally form an approximate elliptical hole, such as malignant accidents caused by its drill, bit freezing trip even well abandonment. Through three times of immersion test evaluation of the anti collapse ability of NH-1 core, NH-1 drilling fluid system has been optimized. Results show that, the drilling fluid has strong inhibition and anti pollution. The plastic viscosity is 24 mPa·s, the shear stress of 11Pa and the permeability recovery value reached (81.9-89.6)%. The success of the test card 21 Ping 1 well shows that the system of NH-1 drilling fluid has strong inhibition can effectively solve the Jurassic coal and carbonaceous shale collapse, the current high lubricating performance, can effectively improve the drilling speed, at the same time, its performance for reservoir protection, control the rheological properties of drilling fluid, improve the anti pollution and reduce the occurrence of downhole complicated conditions. Therefore, it can be in the sloughing formation for drilling operation reference for future.
Research and Application of High Temperature Gel Plugging Agent
Authors: Liu En Hong
Published: October 2014

High temperature gel plugging agent was constituted of HG modified resin, cross-linking agent, HS solid particles. In this paper, the factors such as modified resin, cross-linking agent, salinity and HS solid particles, temperature on gel were studied. And the function of agent high temperature gel plugging agent was tested. High temperature gel plugging agent has some characters. For example, it can form gel at a low temperature, and isn’t affected by salinity. It has high strength, and its forming gel time was adjustable. The agent was used in 42 wells, which steam injection pressure were increased largely. The plane and vertical contradictions were improved. The wells product more oil. High temperature gel plugging agent improve steam effect. The application results show that the high temperature gel plugging agent was suitable for water blocking in multiple rounds of steam injection.
Economic Analysis on the Environmental Pollution Control
Authors: Zhang Ju , Jiang Shun Yao
Published: October 2014

This paper states the economic reasons of environmental pollution at first, and then introduces the theory, methods and practical measures of pollution control. Finally it puts forward the discussion on controlling the environmental pollution through axiology.
Research on the Influence Mechanism of Remanufacturing Models on Technology Transfer in Circular Economy
Authors: Cao Jun , Liu Li Sha
Published: October 2014

Previous researches on remanufacturer behavior in the supply chain only considered that the products were transferred between the OEM(Original Equipment Manufacturer) and remanufacturer. This paper is a comparative study of the impact of different remanufacturing models on technology transfer in remanufacturing market. Our results showed that when the waiting time of consumers was zero, the proportion of technology transfer under BR model (buyback and remanufacturing model) is higher than that under ER model (Entrusting and remanufacturing model). When the waiting time of consumer was not zero, the characteristic of technology transfer depends on the license fee, the cost of waiting time, the cost of collecting and remanufacturing. In this paper, through mathematical simulation, the influences of waiting time and lead time on the decisions of OEM and the remanufacturer are discussed.
Analysis on Instability of a High Fill and Deep Excavation Loess Slope
Authors: Tang Sheng Li , Han Bei Bei , Li Zhi Bin , Sun Li Hai
Published: October 2014

High filling and excavation of loess landslide happens more frequently, which serious impact on security of the project, but formation mechanism of the landslide is still not perfect, therefore this paper analyze from damage characteristics and influence factors of slope stability to evaluate its stability and summary such failure mode. Conclusion: ① The root cause of the formation of class landslide: the lithology of compacted layer is different from upper loose soil, and the clay is unevenly distributed, which lead to local shear strength lower ② Rainfall is the main predisposing factors of slope instability, which infiltrates slope, the weak surface throughout the entire slope.③ Failure mode is similar to the general loess landslide, but the position of slipping surface is more regular
Resistance Spot Welding between Copper Coated Steel and Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Cui Li Hu , Qiu Ran Feng , Shi Hong Xin , Zhu Yao Min
Published: October 2014

Aluminum alloy A6061 and copper coated steel was welded by resistance spot welding with. The mechanical properties of the joint were investigated; the effects of welding parameters on nugget diameter and tensile shear load of the joints were discussed. The results show that the joint strength and nugget diameter increases with the increase of welding current and welding time and decreases with the increase of electrode force. As a result, copper plating as the middle layer of resistance spot welding is suitable for welding of aluminum alloy/steel.
Resistance Spot Welding between Mild Steel and Stainless Steel
Authors: Wang Nan Nan , Qiu Ran Feng , Peng Wei Jian , Shi Hong Xin
Published: October 2014

Mild steel Q235 and stainless steel SUS304 were welded using resistance spot welding with an interlayer of Ni. The mechanical properties of the joint were examined, the effects of welding parameters on the nugget size and tensile shear strength were investigated. Both the tensile shear strength and nugget diameter increased with the increasing of welding current and welding time, whereas they decreased with the increasing of electrode pressure. The results indicate that the tensile shear strength of joint welded by resistance spot welding with a Ni interplayer is higher in comparison with that obtained by conventional resistance spot weling.
Criteria and Procedures for Regional Environmental Regeneration: A European Strategic Project
Authors: Miccoli Saverio , Finucci Fabrizio , Murro Rocco
Published: October 2014

Many regions of the world are facing the issue of regeneration of large brownfield sites characterized by environmental, social and economic degradation. In order to contribute to the development of innovative regional regeneration models, the paper introduces the successful European strategic project of the Ruhr basin. The irreversible crisis of mining and steel industry sectors, started in 1960 in that area, had brought, within a period of twenty years, to a profound social, economic, environmental decline. Project Emscher Landschaftpark was born in 1989 with the general objective of radically modifying the structure, image and functions that, until then, had characterized the territory of the Ruhr; it was related to a vast area, aimed at a sustainable, long term development and was based on the idea of considering the activities of the Emscher Park as an engine for the economy of the Region. The paper, after describing briefly the characteristics of the project, aims to highlight the main elements that contributed to its implementation.
Effect of Matrixes and Plants on the Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Paddy Fields Drainage Ditch
Authors: Lv Xue Dong , Li Hai Bo , Wang Hong , Wang Xin , Li Ying Hua , Ji Xian Chao , Yu Yan Yan
Published: October 2014

Under the laboratory condition, use the mixture of coal cinder and soil, the mixture of fine sand and soil , and simple soil as the matrixes; use the Acorus calamus, the Typha angustata Bory et Chaub, and the Scirpus validus Vahl as the plants. Three groups of ditch systems are built to study the effect of different group of ditches in removing nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of paddy fields drainage ditch. The results show that the plants significantly improve the purification performance of ditches, the removal rate to TN of the ditch system based on the mixture of fine sand and soil and the Acorus calamus is 50.9% which is higher than other groups; the removal rate to TP of the ditch system based on the mixture of coal cinder and soil and the Acorus calamus is 48.1% which is higher than other groups.
Experimental Study on Modified Fly Ash as a Substrate of Constructed Wetland
Authors: Guo Meng Fei , Xian Ping , Liu Xi , Yang Long Hui , Zhan Long Hui , Bu Guang Hui
Published: October 2014

In order to develop a new substrate filler for wetland, Fly ash and soil was mixed and modified in different mass ratio, then, static adsorption and seepage purification experiments were carried out to choose four appropriate modified fillers for wetland model experiment. Experimental results showed that when the mass proportion of fly ash and soil was 3:7, the best treatment effect was achieved. While using this modified wetland for wastewater treatment, the removal rate of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) and COD was 57.52%, 97.58%, 93.78% and 89.53% respectively. The effluent concentration of TN could meet the priority standard (level B) of Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB18918-2002), while the effluent concentration of TP, NH4-N and COD could meet the priority standard (level A).
Research on Treatment of Domestic Sewage with Aerobic Denitrifying Bacteria Immobilized by Carbon Fiber
Authors: Wei Qun , Lv Di , Huang Mei Hui , Yu De Shui , You Jian Qiang
Published: October 2014

Aerobic denitrifying bacteria, a fast and efficient strain, is extensively adopted in the wastewater sphere, and immobilized aerobic denitrifying bacteria denitrification Technology, to some extent, solves many problems existing in the direct application of aerobic denitrifying bacteria. Concentrated sulfuric acid, nitric acid, potassium permanganate, ferric chloride etc. are used to pretreat carbon fiber respectively, and then the modified the carbon fiber is applied to fix the activated aerobic denitrifying bacteria to investigate the effects of the modification of the carbon fiber and the effects of wastewater treatment with immobilized aerobic denitrifying bacteria. The results showed that the fixed efficiency of the strain with carbon fiber pretreated by nitric acid reached 50% and when the strain fixed by the modified carbon fiber in adsorption method treated wastewater, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate reached 78% and the COD removal rate was always stabilized above 40% in three days.
Optimization of Flow Deflector Quantities for Gravity Oil-Water Separator
Authors: Liu Hong Jun , Jia Guang Zheng , Chen Shi Peng , Cai Yong Peng
Published: October 2014

The internal structure and the working principle of gravity oil-water separator used for self-circulation well-flushing equipment were introduced. Based on CFD, the flow field was calculated and analyzed with different quantities of horizontal deflectors and inclined deflectors in the separator. According to velocity vector diagrams and oil drop trajectory diagrams with different number of horizontal deflectors and inclined deflectors, the influence rules on separation efficiency were analyzed. The results show that the separation efficiency is improved gradually with the amount of horizontal deflectors increased, and the optimal value of separation efficiency is 3 inclined deflectors.
A New Technology for Recovery of Metals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards
Authors: Liu Wei , Liang Chao , Qin Wen Qing , Jiao Fen
Published: October 2014

Recycling of metallic fractions from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) using gravity separation and hydrometallurgy was investigated. The obtained research fruits were listed as follows: (1) When being pulverized to finer than 0.4mm, waste PCBs could be generally dissociated from plastics. (2) Shaking table was shown to be suitable for processing pulverized PCBs. Pulverized PCBs containing 6.97% copper was enriched to 33.55% in a single operation and the copper recovery was 90.3% in the best size range of separation. (3) Pressure oxidation leaching was shown to be effective for separating copper from aluminum and tin. The leaching extraction of aluminum and tin were 86.6% and 96.3%, copper extraction was 1% or less under the optimal conditions.
Study on Comprehensive Utilization Status and Technical Route of FGD Gypsum from Coal-Fired Power Plants
Authors: Han Bin Jie , Yue Tao , Jing Peng , Zuo Peng Lai , Wang Chen Long , Qi Shu Fang , Ding Yong Hua
Published: October 2014

The aim of this paper is to investigate FGD gypsum quality from coal-fired power plants and its comprehensive utilization. FGD gypsum comprehensive utilization technologies mainly include employed in the wallboard manufacture, as cement retarders, as a construction material for roads and as a soil ameliorant. In China, FGD gypsum is mainly utilized to produce wallboard and as cement retarders. FGD gypsum comprehensive utilization technical route was proposed based on FGD gypsum produce, storage, transport and comprehensive utilization. In order to ensure FGD gypsum quality so that it can be well utilized, the following requirements should be satisfied: for FGD gypsum, moisture content (wet basis) should be no more than 10%; CaSO4·2H2O content should be no less than 90%; CaSO4·1/2H2O content should be no more than 0.5%; pH should be controlled between 5 and 9; Cl- content (dry basis) should be no more than 200 mg/kg.
The Influence of Bromate Formation by Chlorination in Drinking Water
Authors: Fang Lei , Zhu Qi , Xu Jia Hui
Published: October 2014

In order to prove the effect of bromate formation by chlorination in drinking water treatment process, by carrying out laboratory chlorination test in simulated water, Harbin drinking water and the Songhua River raw water samples, the influences of bromine ion be oxidated into bromate by chlorine were investigated. The results showed that when chlorine quantity was 5 mg/L, the conversion rate of bromide ion to bromate was less than 1.3%. On a large amount of chlorine (5 mg/L), significant bromate generation changes could not cause by the long-term existence of chlorine in the water, and the bromate concentration did not change significantly for a long period of time. In the conditions of high concentration of organic matter in water, the risk of bromate formation was low. When chlorine content reached 5 mg/L, a very small amount of bromate was detected in the raw water. New excessive risk caused by the presence of residual chlorine would not exist in the process of water supply.
Using a Combined Method to Forecasting Electricity Demand
Authors: Gui Xiang Quan , Li Li , Xie Peng Shou , Cao Jie
Published: October 2014

In electric market, accurate electricity demand forecasting is often needed. Because electricity demand forecasting has become needful for creators and purchasers in the electric markets at present. But in electricity demand forecasting, noise signals, caused by various unstable factors, often corrupt demand series. In order to seek accurate demand forecasting methods, this article proposed a new combined electric load forecasting method (WSENN) which based on Wavelet Transform (WT), Seasonal Adjustment (SA) and Elman Neural Network (ENN) to forecast electricity demand. The effectiveness of WSENN is tested by applying the data from New South Wales (NSW) of Australia. Experimental results demonstrate that the WSENN model can offer more precise results than other methods that had mentioned in other literatures.
Application of Infrared Binocular Vision for Monitoring Moving Target in Port
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhang Ying Jun , Liu Jia , Yang Xue Feng
Published: October 2014

In recent years, the port occurred on many the theft cases that boats moored ships to implement embarkation at night, which seriously affected the economic benefits and the safety of the persons on the ship. In order to all-weather real-time monitor the condition around the ship, and to find the abnormal behavior of moving targets in time, the use of infrared video sensor is proposed for mooring the condition around the ship, and intelligent analysis for infrared video. First of all, through the semi-threshold method, Canny operator and connected component labeling for target detection, and to draw the target's movement track through the centroid coordinates, and then analyses the layout scheme of infrared video sensors, finally, determine whether the moving target near to the ship based on non-calibration binocular distance measurement, such as against by suspicion, alarm immediately. The experimental results show that this method is simple and effective, it can well realize to monitor the moving target in port, and to early warning at night.
Efficient High-Precision Feature Extraction Method in Side Scan Sonar Image
Authors: Peng Lei
Published: October 2014

Side scan sonar image has disadvantages such as low-resolution, poor image quality, random factors’? disturbance, these disadvantages cause the sonar image less visual perception, poor readability and many other shortcomings. In this paper, geometric correction method and image processing technology were studied, and also a data processing software was developed to improve the side scan sonar data processing from two aspects of data production accuracy and processing efficiency.
Error Processing for Acquisition System of Heating Flux of Building Envelope
Authors: Cheng Guang He , Sun Rui Rui , Han Lu Yue
Published: October 2014

After excluding the usual device error, environmental error caused by electromagnetic interference persists in the acquisition system of heating flux of building envelope. This error makes the system instability and causes relatively large deviations of heat flux data, affecting building energy conservation measurement. To counter the problem of error in the data acquisition system, a new software filtering algorithm is put forward. The algorithm combines the idea of the mean and median filtering method, and specific algorithm formula and algorithm steps are given in this paper. Experimental results showed that the algorithm effectively improved the accuracy of data collection. For example, when I input 1mV into system from the sensor, average error of heat flux was decreased from 5.2% to 0.4%, and the maximum error was less than 2%.
Single Event Effects Testing of Xilinx Zynq-7010 SoC with 239Pu Alpha Irradiation
Authors: Du Xue Cheng , Liu Shu Huan , He Chao Hui , Du Xin , Li Yong Hong , Zhang Yao , Chen Wei , Liu Xin Zan , He Dong Sheng
Published: October 2014

Estimating the radiation sensitivity and radiation response of individual electronic units embedded in System on chip (SoC) is important for SoC error rate predicting and fault tolerant system designing. In this paper, the experimental techniques for detecting the single event effects (SEE) of SoC were introduced. The test system has been established and the irradiation experiments have been performed for testing SEE of Xilinx Zynq-7010 SoC with 239Pu alpha radiation source. Several single events functional Interrupt (SEFI) of some typical registers within the SoC sample were detected after receiving the total fluence of 6.101. In the end, the mechanisms of SEFI induced by alpha irradiation on SoC were discussed and analyzed.
The Influence of Bubbles on the Performance of Ultrasonic Flow Meter
Authors: Wen Wen , Zong Guang Hua , Yu Yang , Sun Liang
Published: October 2014

The bubbles in the liquid will scatter and absorb the ultrasound, therefore the existence of bubbles will seriously affect the ultrasound propagation in the liquid medium inside the pipeline. This paper analyzes the influence of bubbles in the liquid on the performance of the ultrasonic flow meter, and the gas-liquid two-phase flow rate measurement experiments are implemented. Experimental results show that with the increase of the bubble volume fraction in the liquid, the measurement error of the ultrasonic flow meter increases. When the bubble volume fraction exceeds 1%, the transit-time difference method of measuring the flow rate is nearly useless.
A New Random Encryption Algorithm for Character Type Cipher
Authors: Chen Yong
Published: October 2014

Character type cipher is always used in web application system and can be deciphered by the illegal users through "run dictionary", so, a new random encryption algorithm for character type cipher is put forward in this paper. The encryption parameters are randomly generated in the algorithm, and random confusion is adopted in the cipher text structure, so the same plaintext can produce different ciphertexts.the experimentation shows that the algorithm is feasibility and validity.
Moving Mode of Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Driven by External Magnetic Field
Authors: Shi Gui Lian , Ye Fu Li
Published: October 2014

The existing dynamical systems of wireless capsule endoscopy are studied and analyzed. Based on the shortcomings presented in paper, a novel driving method is proposed. That is driving the wireless capsule endoscopy with three-dimensional orthotropic magnetic field outside the human body, and the resultant magnetic field can be obtained and adjusted through the electric current flowing in three coils orthogonal to each other. This paper focuses on the analysis of complex moving mode of wireless capsule endoscopy, and the result is very important to the design of drive and control circuit.