bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Íslenzkt þjóðerni: Jón Jónsson Aðils’ Iceland and the road to the future
Authors: Middel Kim
Published: October 2018

In the early twentieth century, historiography was used to further the cause of independence by profiling Iceland as a fully-fledged nation. The Icelandic historian Jón Jónsson Aðils was the man who would shape Iceland’s history, and the nation with it, in his work Icelandic Nationhood. His achievement was not self-evident; Iceland was part of the Danish realm and glorifying the past met with restrictions. This paper aims to illustrate how in this setting Aðils succeeded in constructing the Icelandic nation with the aid of existing Danish nationalist thought. I propose that using ideas of the famous Danish nationalist N.F.S. Grundtvig enabled Aðils to construct an Icelandic ’Golden Age’ specifically focused on culture and freedom that held future prospects. Finally, I will discuss the consequence of this focus as a decisive factor in the development of Icelandic self-awareness, aiming to contribute to the larger debate on the creation of national identities.
Det ophøjede i dansk romantik og en figurativ-filosofisk vurdering af Jens Baggesen og Schack von Staffeldts digterdyst
Authors: Gammelgaard Lasse
Published: October 2018

This article surveys the sublime in Danish romantic literature as well as its partly neglected reception by scholars of Danish Romanticism. Theoretically, it is argued that there has been a tendency to focus either on the sublime’s philosophical implications (citing Immanuel Kant) or on the rhetorical figures and tropes of the sublime (“Longinus”). In the article, it is claimed that a comprehensive understanding of the sublime needs to address both its rhetorical dimension (going back to “Longinus”) and Kant’s philosophy of the sublime in the 18th Century. It is suggested that one needs to address how the philosophical content interacts with figures and tropes, when analyzing literature of the sublime. An integrated reading strategy is then exemplified in a comparative interpretation of Jens Baggesen’s poem “Paa Spidsen af St. Gottard” and Schack von Staffeldt’s poem “Paa Toppen af Mont-Cenis”. This analysis challenges the received notion that Baggesen’s poem is superior to that of Staffeldt.
Dangerous Vicinity: Theorizing the Neighbour in August Strindberg’s “The Roofing Ceremony”
Authors: Hron Irina
Published: October 2018

This article examines the manifold relationship between vicinity, intrusion, and neighbour-love (agape) in August Strindberg’s short novel “The Roofing Ceremony” (“Taklagsöl”) from 1906. It throws new light on a series of topical issues such as the (Kierkegaardian) dichotomy of equality and dissimilarity, as well as various notions of intrusion and parasitism between neighbours and ‘near-dwellers’ (Heidegger). Strindberg’s novel offers a model for understanding the dynamics of spatial and spiritual aspects of vicinity and proves to be a key text as to the ongoing cultural construction of ‘the neighbour’ which, in a period of social and geographical mobility, is more topical than ever. By drawing analogies with other world literary texts (Kafka, Fitzgerald, Tolstoy, Philip Roth), this article seeks to foreground the contemporary force of the Swedish author’s highly timely text by focusing on the notion of ‘being neighbours’.
The female detective as the child who needs to know. Saga Norén as an example of potent yet dysfunctional female detectives in contemporary Nordic Noir
Authors: Schwartz Camilla , Kaplan E. Ann
Published: October 2018

The global popularity of Nordic Noir, such as the Danish/Swedish production Broen, The Danish production Forbrydelsen, its U.S. and U.K. remakes, the Danish/Swedish production The Millennium Trilogy seems to depend on its insistent interest in a set of maladjusted female detectives. The by now seven seasons of the U.S production Homeland have a similar focus. In this essay, we argue that the struggle these female protagonists endure between extreme potency on the one hand and shameful psychic problems on the other is linked to how these female detectives represent the female position in film in general. Turning to traditional and ongoing discussions in feminist film theory, and combining queer studies and sociological and psychoanalytic perspectives with recognition theory (Felski/Coplan), we ask how we as spectators relate to these women in terms of recognition. In line with that, we ask whether these female detectives should be considered feminist icons who challenge traditional gendered poses on film, or whether, due to their dysfunctionalities, they came to represent some kind of otherness that we sympathize with but also fail to identify with.
An Anatomy of Facelessness: On Halfdan Pisket’s Dansker Trilogy
Authors: Vågnes Øyvind
Published: October 2018

A significant contribution to the social history of immigration in the Nordic countries, Halfdan Pisket’s Dansker trilogy (2014–2016) is also a resonant visual-verbal reflection on the relationship between the face and the mask and its impact on the formation of individual and cultural identity. Pisket’s depiction of the hardship and alienation of the struggling immigrant is marked by a striking symbolism, and the article addresses how the three books collectively can be said to outline “an anatomy of facelessness”. The analysis revolves around three central aspects of Pisket’s depiction of the trilogy’s central protagonist: the imaginative re-appropriation of the myth of the Minotaur, the ambiguous deployment of the hooded figure, and the use of the facial portrait as an ambivalent emblem of the reservoir of individual human experience.
On a Generalization of the Weibull Distribution and Its Application in Quality Control
Authors: Jose K. K. , Tomy Lishamol , Thomas Sophia P.
Published: October 2018

In this article, a generalization of the Weibull distribution called Harris extended Weibull distribution is studied, and its properties are discussed. We fit the distribution to a real-life data set to show the applicability of this distribution in reliability modeling. Also, we derive a reliability test plan for acceptance or rejection of a lot of products submitted for inspection with lifetimes following this distribution. The operating characteristic functions of the sampling plans are obtained. The producer’s risk, minimum sample sizes and associated characteristics are computed and presented in tables. The results are illustrated using two data sets on ordered failure times of products as well as failure times of ball bearings.
Nonlinear Dirichlet problems with unilateral growth on the reaction
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. , Repovš Dušan D.
Published: October 2018

We consider a nonlinear Dirichlet problem driven by the p-Laplace differential operator with a reaction which has a subcritical growth restriction only from above. We prove two multiplicity theorems producing three nontrivial solutions, two of constant sign and the third nodal. The two multiplicity theorems differ on the geometry near the origin. In the semilinear case (that is,

p
=
2

{p=2}

), using Morse theory (critical groups), we produce a second nodal solution for a total of four nontrivial solutions. As an illustration, we show that our results incorporate and significantly extend the multiplicity results existing for a class of parametric, coercive Dirichlet problems.
How to approach ‘prejudice’ and ‘stereotypes’ qualitatively: The search for a meaningful way
Authors: Petrjánošová Magda
Published: October 2018

This paper is partly a theoretical and analytical exploration of different ways to do research about stereotypes and prejudice, and partly a confessional tale of my journey. It is a journey that has been about looking for a meaningful and useful way of approaching empirical material collected in different research projects over more than 15 years, in an attempt to say something about how ordinary social actors talk (and possibly think) about prejudice and stereotypes. There is an immense volume of social psychological writing on this topic, and from that I discuss in detail several new(ish) discursive, critical and constructional approaches and the (im)possibility of applying them to my empirical material.
Socio-cognitive factors influencing Greek lyceum female students’ intention to receive a Pap smear and a vaccine against HPV
Authors: Εfkarpidis Apostolos , Koulierakis George , Efkarpidis Polichronis
Published: October 2018

Background

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for 99.7% of cervix cancers worldwide. As this is a preventable and treatable cancer, if diagnosed early, it is important to explore not only young women’s related knowledge, but also their intentions for prevention activities, through a theoretical perspective.

Objective

To investigate the role of the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Health Locus of Control theory (HLC) (social cognitive models) to act as potentially influencing factors for the prevention intentions among lyceum female students.

Methods

This cross-sectional study took place from January to May 2014, among 1129 female students, who attended lyceums in six islands of the Cyclades Region, Greece. Students filled-in a self-complementary questionnaire, after the necessary approval was provided by the relevant authorities.

Results

Intention to take the Pap smear was determined by student’s level of knowledge (p < 0.001) about Pap smears, their age (p = 0.004), HPV susceptibility (p < 0.001), subjective obstacles of taking the Pap smear (p < 0.001) and subjective benefits of the Pap smear (p < 0.001). The vaccination intention against HPV was influenced by the subjective benefit from vaccination (p < 0.001) and the level of knowledge of the vaccine (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Knowledge, age and HBM variables were significantly associated with students’ intention for vaccination and screening on HPV. The study demonstrates the importance of raising awareness through specific education programmes in schools and theory-based tailored health programmes on HPV aspects (transmission, prevention, treatment) to increase the intention for prevention.
Prenatal and early life origins of adolescence sleep problems: evidence from a birth cohort
Authors: Fatima Yaqoot , Cairns Alice , Skinner Isabelle , Doi Suhail A.R. , Mamun Abdullah Al
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This study aims to identify the prenatal and early life predictors of adolescence sleep problems.

Methods

Sleep data (n = 5081) from the 14-year (13.92 ± 0.34 years) follow-up of a birth cohort were analyzed to explore the predictors of adolescence trouble sleeping, nightmares, snoring and sleep talking/walking. Data from the antenatal period till adolescence were explored for identifying predictors of adolescence sleep problems. Modified Poisson regression with a robust error variance was used to identify significant predictors.

Results

Our results suggest that about a quarter of adolescents in our study sample had sleep maintenance problems (nightmares: 27.88%, snoring: 23.20%, sleepwalking/talking 27.72%). The prevalence rate of sleep initiation problems was even higher (trouble sleeping: 40.61%). Our results suggest that antenatal and early-life factors, e.g. maternal smoking, anxiety, sleep problems in childhood, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and poor health are significant predictors of adolescence sleep problems.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the predictive role of prenatal and early life risk factors in adolescence sleep problems. It seems that exposure to prenatal and early life risk factors increase the vulnerability for sleep problems later in life, which is further supported by poor health and lifestyle choices in adolescence. Therefore, close observation and mitigation of factors associated with early life risk factors could be a potential strategy for preventing sleep problems later in life.
Application of Microfluidics in Process Intensification
Authors: Santana Harrson S. , Lopes Mariana G. M. , Silva João L. , Taranto Osvaldir P.
Published: October 2018

Is it possible to miniaturize a chemical plant? Some strategies, such as the process intensification, sustain that the advancements in equipment and production techniques could substantially decrease the equipment size/production capacity ratio, energy consumption and waste generation, resulting in more economic and sustainable operations and consequently reducing the chemical plant size. However, large reductions of equipment volume represent a major challenge for the conventional technologies. In this context, Microfluidics represents a promising technology in the field of system miniaturization. Accordingly, the present research evaluated the concept of process intensification and its relationship with Microfluidics. Initially, the definition and the classification of process intensification were described, following by the explanation of the Microfluidics, highlighting scale-up strategies and examples using miniaturized systems. Afterward, a methodology for miniaturized devices development for process intensification using numerical simulations was shown. Finally, the conclusions are exposed.
Hydrogen Generation in an Annular Micro-Reactor: an Experimental Investigation of Water Splitting Reaction Using Aluminum in Presence of Potassium Hydroxide
Authors: Tekade Shyam P. , Shende Diwakar Z. , Wasewar Kailas L.
Published: October 2018

Hydrogen is one of the important non-conventional energy sources because of its high energy content and non-polluting nature of combustions. The water splitting reaction is one of the significant methods for hydrogen generation from non-fossil feeds. In the present paper, the hydrogen generation has been experimentally investigated with water splitting reaction using metal aluminum in presence of potassium hydroxide as an activator under flow conditions. The rate of hydrogen generation was reported in the annular micro- reactor of 1 mm annulus using various flow rates of aqueous 0.5 N KOH ranging from 1 ml/min to 10 ml/min. The complete conversion of aluminum was observed at all the flow rates of aqueous KOH. The hydrogen generation rate was observed to depend on the flow rate of liquid reactant flowing through the reactor. At 1 ml/min of 0.5 N KOH, hydrogen generates at an average rate of 3.36 ml/min which increases to 10.70 ml/min at 10 ml/min of aqueous KOH. The Shrinking Core Model was modified for predicting the controlling mechanism. The rate of hydrogen generation was observed to follow different controlling mechanisms on various time intervals at low flow rates of aqueous KOH. It was observed that chemical reaction controls the overall rate of hydrogen generation at higher flow rates of aqueous KOH.
Internationale Lehrkooperationen am Beispiel eines deutsch-polnischen E-Mail-Tandems mit fortgeschrittenen Deutschlernenden und angehenden DaF-Lehrenden
Authors: Claußen Tina , Pawłowska-Balcerska Agnieszka
Published: October 2018

In diesem Beitrag wird ein Schreibprojekt für angehende DaF-Lehrkräfte in Deutschland und Studierende der Auslandsgermanistik in Polen vorgestellt. Nach einer Darstellung der Rolle des Schreibens im Fremdsprachenunterricht und in der Fremdsprachenlehrerausbildung wird auf ausgewählte Online-Projekte eingegangen. Im nächsten Schritt werden die Ziele und der Ablauf des bereits erwähnten Projekts beschrieben. Im Anschluss daran wird das Projekt aus der Sicht der Lehrenden und Studierenden ausgewertet. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es vor allem, zur Durchführung ähnlicher Projekte mit angehenden DaF-Lehrenden in den deutschsprachigen Ländern und internationalen DaF-Lernenden/-Studierenden – z. B. in der Auslandsgermanistik und in Studiengängen der Übersetzung – zu ermuntern.
Meridian convergence: An alternate methodology
Authors: Malan Johannes , Telukdarie Arnesh , Grobler Hendrik
Published: October 2018

This study investigates the development and testing of an approximation method for the Mine Surveyor to calculate meridian convergence. This study, a detailed review of experimental techniques, follows a statistical experimental approach to establish how accurate an alternative method performs against traditional methods of meridian convergence calculation used by the Mine Surveyor. The spatial study is defined by the geographical range of the existing Schreiber Geodetic Tables, ranging from 70 km south of Ndola (Zambia) to 10 km north of De Aar (South Africa). The sample size is established under the constraint of an infinite population. Linear regression in collaboration with the hold-out validation technique is adopted to statistically refine the alternative method of calculation. The computational outcomes of the refined alternative method in comparison to the unrefined method are predominantly closer to the traditional outcomes. Computational outcomes specific to the hold-out validation set demonstrate a maximum sub-

1

″

{1^{\prime\prime }}

variance of

0.650

″

{0.650^{\prime\prime }}

. A sub-variance of

0.650

″

{0.650^{\prime\prime }}

satisfies the South African Mine Survey limits of error. The subsequent clustering of variances at specific variance intervals are similar to comparative studies conducted by T. Soler and R.J. Fury with respect to meridian convergence.
Learning Heterogeneity in Causal Inference Using Sufficient Dimension Reduction
Authors: Luo Wei , Wu Wenbo , Zhu Yeying
Published: October 2018

Often the research interest in causal inference is on the regression causal effect, which is the mean difference in the potential outcomes conditional on the covariates. In this paper, we use sufficient dimension reduction to estimate a lower dimensional linear combination of the covariates that is sufficient to model the regression causal effect. Compared with the existing applications of sufficient dimension reduction in causal inference, our approaches are more efficient in reducing the dimensionality of covariates, and avoid estimating the individual outcome regressions. The proposed approaches can be used in three ways to assist modeling the regression causal effect: to conduct variable selection, to improve the estimation accuracy, and to detect the heterogeneity. Their usefulness are illustrated by both simulation studies and a real data example.
Utilization, preference, perception and characteristics of people adopting traditional and AYUSH systems of medicine in India: a systematic review
Authors: Samal Janmejaya , Dehury Ranjit Kumar
Published: October 2018

Background

Albeit Indian system of medicine has been practised since long however it has got recent prominence after some policy decisions made to make it more accessible to the people of India.

Methods

A two fold search strategy was adopted to obtain the literature; search through PUBMED and hand search through cross references. Of the 58 articles obtained through both the search approaches 13 articles were finally included in the review.

Results

The studies reviewed assessed the utilization, preference, perception and characteristics of people adopting traditional and AYUSH systems of medicine in India. Utilization was observed in a particular geographical area (states) and by a specific group of people such as tribal and general population, medical practitioners and religious groups. Perception about AYUSH system was mixed with different segments of the society. Preference among the general population revolved around distrust or frustration with allopathic medicine, cost effectiveness, accessibility, non-availability of other options and less side effects of AYUSH medicines. Moreover people primarily adopted AYUSH systems of medicine based on their personal experiences and recommended the same to other people as well.

Conclusions

A mixed response was observed through this systematic review with regard to utilization, preference, perception and characteristics of people adopting traditional and AYUSH systems of medicine in India. A higher level of awareness and governmental patronization is required to make it available to the common man at the last corner of the society for the benefit of the former and the system as well.
Long-term follow-up of gonadal dysfunction in morbidly obese adolescent boys after bariatric surgery
Authors: Chin Vivian L. , Willliams Kristen M. , Donnelley Tegan , Censani Marisa , Conroy Rushika , Lerner Shulamit , Oberfield Sharon E. , McMahon Donald J. , Zitsman Jeffrey , Fennoy Ilene
Published: October 2018

Background

Elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with hypogonadism in men but this is not well described in adolescents. The aim is to evaluate gonadal dysfunction and the effects of weight loss after gastric banding in obese adolescent boys.

Methods

Thirty-seven of 54 boys (age 16.2±1.2 years, mean BMI 48.2 kg/m2) enrolled at the Center for Adolescent Bariatric Surgery at Columbia University Medical Center had low total testosterone for Tanner 5 <350 ng/dL. Sixteen had long-term hormonal data for analysis at baseline (T0), 1 year (T1) and 2 years (T2) post-surgery. T-tests, chi-squared (χ2) tests, correlation and linear mixed models were performed.

Results

At T0, the hypogonadal group had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (75th vs. 57th percentile, p=0.02), fasting insulin (19 vs. 9 μIU/mL, p=0.0008) and homeostatic index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (4.2 vs. 1.9, p=0.009) compared to control group. Total testosterone was negatively correlated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. In the long-term analysis, BMI, weight, waist circumference (WC), and % excess weight decreased at T1 and T2 compared to T0. Mean total testosterone at T0, T1 and T2 were 268, 304 and 368 ng/dL, respectively (p=0.07). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between BMI and testosterone after 2 years (r=−0.81, p=0.003).

Conclusions

Low testosterone levels but unaltered gonadotropins are common in this group and associated with insulin resistance. While a significant increase in testosterone was not found over time, the negative relationship between BMI and testosterone persisted, suggesting there may be an optimal threshold for testosterone production with respect to BMI. Long-term studies are needed.
Arthur Liebert im Exil
Authors: Mehring Reinhard
Published: October 2018

Arthur Liebert was the managing director of the Kant Society and co-editor of Kant-Studien for over 20 years, until 1933. Despite his lifetime of achievement and the challenges he faced as an emigrant, his story remains all but forgotten today. Using archival sources, this essay reconstructs the biographical details of his emigration, focusing on his final years from 1933 to 1946.
Des Herrn Professors Kants Paradoxon des Comoedianten
Authors: Suzuki Márcio
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study is to show the importance of theatre and theatrical theory in Kant’s philosophical thought by reconstructing his relationship to the dramatic arts and how they shaped his thinking - that is, how he developed a theory of acting which is central to understanding not only his conception of society but also the role played by pragmatic anthropology in his critical system. Indeed, one can say that his theory of the art of acting leaves nothing to be desired in comparison with Diderot’s philosophical program as expressed in the “Paradox of the Actor”, which is considered one of the most important texts on acting in the history of aesthetics.
The Metaphysical Deduction and the Shadow of Humean Skepticism
Authors: Kohl Markus
Published: October 2018

I examine the division of labor between the Metaphysical Deduction (MD) and the Transcendental Deduction (TD). Against a common reading, I argue that the MD is insufficient to prove the a priori origin of the categories. For both Kant and his main opponent, namely Hume, the question of whether the categories have an a priori origin in the pure understanding is inseparable from the question of whether they have objective validity. Since the MD does not establish the objective validity of the categories, it cannot establish their a priori origin either. The MD is nevertheless an indispensable part of Kant’s project because it lays the argumentative groundwork for the proof structure of the TD and because it provides the systematic plan for the future metaphysics of experience.
A chapter in the Byzantine paleography of accountancy: The fractions in the Book of Ceremonies
Authors: Zuckerman Constantin
Published: October 2018

Chapter II, 45 of the Book of Ceremonies, a half-edited dossier pertaining to the naval expedition of 949 against the Arabs at Crete, contains a document which is most banal and singular at once. This is a procurement report of miscellaneous supplies recording in each entry the amount spent and the nature of the supplies acquired, occasionally specifying the price per item or per measure. However common such reports are in ancient and modern accounting, this is the only document of its kind preserved from the middle Byzantine period. In line with the State accounting norms inherited from Late Antiquity, all expenses are listed in gold, the silver miliaresia being recorded as fractions of a golden nomisma. The symbols for fractions have not been recognized by editors, translators and students of the text; they were either disregarded or misinterpreted. Restoring their meaning to these symbols allows not only a coherent reading of the report as a whole and a better understanding of the State purchasing process; it also throws light on prices of many items and on the last-minute enterprise which consisted in building Viking-style boats for the Rus’ warriors participating in the campaign.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[aqua-bis(formato-κ1
O)-(μ2-1,1′-(oxybis(1,4-phenylene))-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazole)-κ2
N:N′)copper(II)]hydrate, C18H16CuN6O6
Authors: Li Bo , Shi Zhen-Zhen , Xing Xiao-Jing , Fan Hui-Tao
Published: October 2018

C18H16CuN6O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.669(6) Å, b = 11.311(5) Å, c = 12.763(6) Å, β = 93.115(7)°, V = 1970.4(15) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0481, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1311, T = 293(2) K.
Global anthropogenic chemicals loads on the environment and the associated chemical footprint and planetary boundaries: a high-resolution regional study
Authors: Tarasova Natalia , Makarova Anna , Fedoseev Andrew , Borisov Danil
Published: October 2018

Chemical pollution is a problem of global importance. Substances of main concern of chemists worldwide are heavy metals. Heavy metals, such as copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), etc., can pose a serious hazard to the environment and human health. Heavy metals are toxic even at very low concentrations. The methodology, described in this paper, considers a migration of chemical pollutants in the environment, in conjunction with the approach used in the Russian regulatory system. Estimations of Maximum Available Concentration overrun show that calculated and experimental data agree to a good extent, particularly for mercury contamination in freshwater bodies. In this study, due to the necessity to obtain data on heavy metals content in water, soil and air, based on available data on emissions, it was decided to use the USEtox model for the simulation of the redistribution of chemicals among such environmental compartments as urban air and air of settlements, fresh waters and coastal sea waters, ocean, agricultural soils and other soils. The USEtox model was chosen because it is available in the free access and its structure can be modified if needed (the model is executed in MS Excel), in addition there is a positive experience in using this model in the combination with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The algorithm of the calculation of the mass transfer coefficients of chemicals in the hydrosphere and atmosphere, with the use of GIS, is described. This algorithm will provide large amounts of data on the intermedia transfer and transportation of chemical substances with water and air flows and their accumulation in various environmental compartments on a global (the planet Earth) and regional scale for the high-resolution of 0.5°×0.5° grid. In this paper, the case study for the Leningrad Region (the Russian Federation) is presented.
Efficient modular phosphorus-containing ligands for stereoselective catalysis
Authors: Llorente Nuria , Fernández-Pérez Héctor , Núñez-Rico José L. , Carreras Lucas , Martínez-Carrión Alicia , Iniesta Ester , Romero-Navarro Andrés , Martínez-Bascuñana Alba , Vidal-Ferran Anton
Published: October 2018

Over several years, our research team has contributed to ligand design for metal-catalyzed stereoselective transformations. This has been achieved with the synthesis and application to organic transformations of interest of an array of structurally diverse P-containing ligands. These range from highly modular enantiopure phosphine–phosphite ligands to supramolecularly regulated enantioselective phosphorus-based catalysts. Our research in supramolecular interactions has also led to the discovery of an unprecedented halogen-bonded rhodium-catalyst.
Beyond a Bag of Words: Using PULSAR to Extract Judgments on Specific Human Rights at Scale
Authors: Park Baekkwan , Colaresi Michael , Greene Kevin
Published: October 2018

Sentiment, judgments and expressed positions are crucial concepts across international relations and the social sciences more generally. Yet, contemporary quantitative research has conventionally avoided the most direct and nuanced source of this information: political and social texts. In contrast, qualitative research has long relied on the patterns in texts to understand detailed trends in public opinion, social issues, the terms of international alliances, and the positions of politicians. Yet, qualitative human reading does not scale to the accelerating mass of digital information available currently. Researchers are in need of automated tools that can extract meaningful opinions and judgments from texts. Thus, there is an emerging opportunity to marry the model-based, inferential focus of quantitative methodology, as exemplified by ideal point models, with high resolution, qualitative interpretations of language and positions. We suggest that using alternatives to simple bag of words (BOW) representations and re-focusing on aspect-sentiment representations of text will aid researchers in systematically extracting people’s judgments and what is being judged at scale. The experimental results below show that our approach which automates the extraction of aspect and sentiment MWE pairs, outperforms BOW in classification tasks, while providing more interpretable parameters. By connecting expressed sentiment and the aspects being judged, PULSAR (Parsing Unstructured Language into Sentiment-Aspect Representations) also has deep implications for understanding the underlying dimensionality of issue positions and ideal points estimated with text. Our approach to parsing text into aspects-sentiment expressions recovers both expressive phrases (akin to categorical votes), as well as the aspects that are being judged (akin to bills). Thus, PULSAR or future systems like it, open up new avenues for the systematic analysis of high-dimensional opinions and judgments at scale within existing ideal point models.
Armed Conflict and Schooling in Rwanda: Digging Deeper
Authors: Guariso Andrea , Verpoorten Marijke
Published: October 2018

We study how armed violence affected educational outcomes in Rwanda during the nineties, relying on two waves of population census data and on a difference-in-differences identification strategy. Results indicate that the violence caused a drop of about 1 year of education for the individuals exposed to the violence at schooling age. The drop was slightly larger for girls than for boys. While increased dropouts and school delays explain the drop in primary schooling, secondary schooling was mainly affected by a drop in enrolments. Finally, in a within-country analysis, we find no robust link between subnational variations in the drop in schooling and the intensity of the 1994 genocide – the most intense conflict event that took place in the country over the studied period. We present possible explanations for the observed patterns and provide related policy implications.
Analysis of projectile motion in view of conformable derivative
Authors: Contreras Abraham Ortega , Juan Rosales García J. , Jiménez Leonardo Martínez , Cruz-Duarte Jorge Mario
Published: October 2018

This paper presents new solutions for twodimensional projectile motion in a free and resistive medium, obtained within the newly established conformable derivative. For free motion, we obtain analytical solutions and show that the trajectory, height, flight time, optimal angle, and maximum range depend on the order of the conformable derivative, 0 < γ ≤ 1. Likewise, we analyse and simulate the projectile motion in a resistive medium by assuming several scenarios. The obtained trajectories never exceed the ordinary ones, given by γ = 1, unlike results reported in other studies.
Law and Literature: Theory and Evidence on Empathy and Guile
Authors: Chen Daniel L.
Published: October 2018

Legal theorists have suggested that literature stimulates empathy and affects moral judgment and decision-making. I present a model to formalize the potential effects of empathy on third parties. Empathy is modeled as having two components–sympathy (the decision-maker’s reference point about what the third party deserves) and emotional theory of mind (anticipating the emotions of another in reaction to certain actions). I study the causal effect with a data entry experiment. Workers enter text whose content is randomized to relate to empathy, guile, or a control. Workers then take the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and participate in a simple economic game. On average, workers exposed to empathy become less deceptive towards third parties. The result is stronger when workers are nearly indifferent. These results are robust to a variety of controls and model specifications.
Krieg auf Kosten anderer. Wehrmachtfinanzierung in Griechenland während des Zweiten Weltkriegs / War at the Expence of Others Financing the „Wehrmacht“ in Greece during the Second World War
Authors: Kilian Jürgen
Published: October 2018

After Greece had been conquered by the troops of the Axis Powers in spring 1941, they installed a rule of occupation existing until october 1944. The Government in Athens had to finance this occupation by making payments in advance and besides, making a forced credit available. This method led to an exorbitant overloading of the Greek economy and to a galloping inflation.

The German Tax and Finance Ministry played an important, yet hardly noticed role as to the concrete implementation of the monetary exploitation. Almost unknown documents throw a light on the financing of the German Wehrmacht during WW II. Besides, the real burden on the Greek economy shall be estimated and connected with the general questions of war financing in the Third Reich.
Griechenlands EG-Beitritt aus der Sicht der Regierung Schmidt/Genscher (1976–1982) / The Federal Government of Schmidt and Genscher and the Entry of Greece to the European Communities (1976–1982)
Authors: Szatkowski Tim
Published: October 2018

The government of the Federal Republic of Germany under Chancellor Schmidt and Foreign Minister Genscher supported Greece’s joining of the European Communities which took place at the beginning of 1981, more than every other EC member state. This essay shows that primarily political motives played a role. Under the conditions of the East/West conflict the Federal Government hoped to win a reliable ally and to strengthen the southeast flank of the NATO. Doubts resulted from possible financial burdens and social problems as a result of the freedom of movement agreed on by contract for Greek employees. However, these worries weren’t decisive at the end. Economic aspects not least were disregarded negligently. The question whether Greece was capable of the joining because of serious structural difficulties received little attention. The government Schmidt/Genscher thought to be able to overcome all problems with the transfer of financial resources which especially the Greek government under Prime Minister Papandreou demanded.
„Balkan-Wien“ – Versuch einer Verflechtungsgeschichte der politischen Emigration aus den Balkanländern im Wien der Zwischenkriegszeit (1918–1934) / “Balkan Vienna” – Reflections on an Histoire croisée of Political Emigration from the Balkans to Vienna during the Interwar Period (1918–1934)
Authors: Schmitt Oliver Jens
Published: October 2018

This paper follows “Balkan Vienna”, a media phenomenon as well as a media construct created both by the Viennese press and from the perspective of the Balkans themselves. The decline of the once brilliant capital of the great empire into a hotbed of revolutionaries and terrorists was recorded in Belgrade with scorn and fear. In Vienna, the press addressed these events in terms that sought to distance the capital from the southeast. However, at the same time the Viennese press admired the political activists from the Balkans, exoticising them as heroes. Thus, the press externalised Austrian domestic contradictions through their discussions of Balkan politics. By reporting scandal and sleaze, the press perpetuated the image of Vienna as a refuge for revolutionary activities and “typical Balkan” violence. “Balkan Vienna” is thus a social and political place, one of local, national, transnational, Balkanic and European linkages. As such, it is part of a new discourse, which relocates the internal and external view of Vienna and Austria on the mental map of Europe.
Transylvania’s Estate Assemblies in the 13th and 14th Centuries
Authors: Pop Ion-Aurel
Published: October 2018

The author argues that the Transylvanian Romanians participated - at least from time to time - during the 13th and the 14th centuries, at the exercise of the power in their country, together with the noblemen, the Saxons and the Szeklers. This participation took place in the framework of the official general assemblies (congregationes generales) of the land of Transylvania (regnum Transilvanum). The gradual exclusion of Romanians as a group from the general assemblies of Transylvania, which took place around 1366–1437, was mainly an act of religious and not of ethnic significance. But this exclusion started to create a special state of mind in the country which has prepared the future ethnic discrimination from the modern times.
Karl Krumbachers serbische Schüler / Karl Krumbacher’s Serbian Students
Authors: Maksimović Ljubomir
Published: October 2018

At the time after Karl Krumbacher had founded the first modern center for Byzantine studies in Munich, the base for development of up-to-date medieval studies in Belgrade was already under construction. In the years before and after the Seminar for Byzantine studies was founded (1906) at the Belgrade University, some young scholars from Serbia were sent in different occasions to Krumacher’s Institute in order to deepen their abilities in byzantine and medieval studies. Among them, six names should be mentioned for their extraordinary contribution to the research progress: Božidar Prokić, Dragutin Anastasijević, Filaret Granić in byzantine studies and Stanoje Stanojević, Vladimir Ćorović, Nikola Radojčić in medieval studies. All of them habe been learning Krumbacher’s sophisticated methodological approach, introducing it in Belgrade either in pure byzantine studies or in medieval studies in a broader sense. Through their publications and teaching work Krumbacher’s influation brought a great support to development of the research in the above mentioned fields.
Zur Angemessenheit der Gegenleistung im Übernahmerecht
Authors: Brellochs Michael
Published: October 2018

Die Entscheidung befasst sich mit der Frage, ob derivativ erworbene Wandelschuldverschreibungen nach § 31 Abs. 6 Satz 1 WpÜG bei der Ermittlung der Angemessenheit der Gegenleistung eines Übernahmeangebots zu berücksichtigen sind. Der BGH bejaht dies und spricht sich im Grundsatz für eine weite Auslegung von § 31 Abs. 6 WpÜG aus. Zugleich bestätigt er die in der Postbank-Entscheidung begründete Linie zum zivilrechtlichen Rechtsschutz der Aktionäre der Zielgesellschaft, die ein Pflicht- oder Übernahmeangebot angenommen haben. Der Beitrag setzt sich mit den konzeptionellen Grundlagen und der Argumentation des BGH auseinander und zeigt die Auswirkungen auf die Praxis öffentlicher Übernahmen auf.
Unternehmensinteresse und intérêt social: Schlüsselfiguren aktienrechtlichen Denkens in Deutschland und Frankreich
Authors: Fleischer Holger
Published: October 2018

Dieser Beitrag unternimmt eine tour d’horizon durch die Ideen- und Dogmengeschichte zweier Schlüsselfiguren im deutschen und französischen Aktienrecht: ‚Unternehmensinteresse‘ und ‚intérêt social‘. Er verarbeitet wegweisende Monographien, aufsehenerregende Gerichtsentscheidungen und wichtige Gesetzesreformen in beiden Nachbarländern während des letzten Jahrhunderts und dringt so tief in Grundlagenfragen des Gesellschaftsrechts ein. Ein besonderes Augenmerk gilt der Rolle der Aktiengesellschaft im öffentlichen Leben, einschließlich neuerer und neuester Entwicklungen hin zu verstärkter Gemeinwohlorientierung und zur Förderung der Corporate Social Responsibility.
Die Geltendmachung der Geschäftsführerhaftung durch die Kommanditisten bei der GmbH & Co. KG
Authors: Mock Sebastian
Published: October 2018

Die GmbH & Co. KG als häufigster Fall der kapitalistischen Personengesellschaften steht ebenso wie jeder andere Verband vor dem Problem der tatsächlichen Durchsetzung von Organhaftungsansprüchen, da auch bei der GmbH & Co. KG die für die Geltendmachung der Organhaftung zuständigen Verwaltungsmitglieder in der Regel selbst unmittelbarer Haftungsadressat sind und daher einem Interessenkonflikt hinsichtlich der Geltendmachung unterliegen. Die bei allen Gesellschaftsformen zur Überwindung dieses Interessenkonflikts entwickelte Gesellschafterklage (actio pro socio) steht bei der GmbH & Co. KG vor dem besonderen Problem, dass die geschäftsführende Gesellschafterin (= Komplementär-GmbH) selbst durch ihren Geschäftsführer vertreten wird und dieser als Geschäftsführer der KG

Zum Verhältnis des Geschäftsführers zur KG IV. 2. b).

somit nur in einer mittelbaren Beziehung zu der Kommanditgesellschaft und zu den an der Geltendmachung der Organhaftung interessierten Kommanditisten steht. Die Möglichkeit der Geltendmachung der Organhaftung des Geschäftsführers der Komplementär-GmbH durch die Kommanditisten würde diesen daher gestatten, Ansprüche geltend zu machen, die ihren Ursprung nicht in dem Gesellschaftsrechtsverhältnis der Kommanditgesellschaft, sondern im Be- bzw. Anstellungsverhältnis zwischen der Komplementär-GmbH und ihrem Geschäftsführer haben.
Carotenoid Presence Is Associated with the Or Gene in Domesticated Carrot
Authors: Ellison Shelby L , Luby Claire H , Corak Keo E , Coe Kevin M , Senalik Douglas , Iorizzo Massimo , Goldman Irwin L , Simon Philipp W , Dawson Julie C
Published: October 2018

Ellison et al. provide the first evidence that the genomic region bearing the Or gene is involved in the presence of carotenoids in carrot. Using a global collection of diverse carrot accessions, they identify 12 genomic regions...

Carrots are among the richest sources of provitamin A carotenes in the human diet, but genetic variation in the carotenoid pathway does not fully explain the high levels of carotenoids in carrot roots. Using a diverse collection of modern and historic domesticated varieties, and wild carrot accessions, an association analysis for orange pigmentation revealed a significant genomic region that contains the Or gene, advancing it as a candidate for carotenoid presence in carrot. Analysis of sequence variation at the Or locus revealed a nonsynonymous mutation cosegregating with carotenoid content. This mutation was absent in all wild carrot samples and nearly fixed in all orange domesticated samples. Or has been found to control carotenoid presence in other crops but has not previously been described in carrot. Our analysis also allowed us to more completely characterize the genetic structure of carrot, showing that the Western domesticated carrot largely forms one genetic group, despite dramatic phenotypic differences among market classes. Eastern domesticated and wild accessions form a second group, which reflects the recent cultivation history of carrots in Central Asia. Other wild accessions form distinct geographic groups, particularly on the Iberian peninsula and in Northern Africa. Using genome-wide Fst, nucleotide diversity, and the cross-population composite likelihood ratio, we analyzed the genome for regions putatively under selection during domestication and identified 12 regions that were significant for all three methods of detection, one of which includes the Or gene. The Or domestication allele appears to have been selected after the initial domestication of yellow carrots in the East, near the proposed center of domestication in Central Asia. The rapid fixation of the Or domestication allele in almost all orange and nonorange carrots in the West may explain why it has not been found with less genetically diverse mapping populations.
Letters from your editor: Should tropical researchers enter the racist “Millionaire’s Club”?
Authors: Monge-Nájera Julián
Published: October 2018

Letters from your editorSometimes, the editors of the large journals published in rich countries discriminate against the authors of tropical countries because of prejudice and not because of manuscript quality. Tropical researchers have two options: insist on publishing in these journals of the so called “Millionaire’s Club”, where there is often a natural disinterest in tropical issues; or to support the development of good tropical quality journals. The second option has ethical and practical advantages for everyone.
Efecto del origen geográfico en la calidad morfológica de plantas de Prosopis alba (Fabaceae)
Authors: Fontana María , Pérez Víctor , Luna Claudia
Published: October 2018

Effect of geographic origin on morphological qualities of the plant Prosopis alba (Fabaceae). Seed provenance has a genetic control over the behavioral characteristics of plants, whereby selection is an useful tool to achieve the maximum adaptation of the species to the environment. In this sense, different provenance materials characterization provides information for choosing seed sources used in breeding programs, as well as afforestation and/or reforestation projects. The aim of this work was established provenance´s effect on morphological variables that constitute quality parameters in Prosopis alba seedlings from three geographic areas. Morphological plants´ variables were measured up to 150 days after planting. Provenance effect was significant for most of measured variables: plant´s height, neck diameter (at least during the first 3 months of nursery), root volume, specific leaf weight and specific leaf area. Likewise, some of the morphological indices and quotients considered variables to determine plants´ quality are affected by material´s geographical origin: shoot length/root length proportion, slenderness coefficient and index. Results allow affirming P. alba´s provenance influences plants´ morphology determining the existence of two different groups: on one hand Santiago del Estero and Chaco provenances, and on the other, Salta Norte origin. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 593-604. Epub 2018 June 01.