bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Hoffa Fracture: Review
Authors: Shinkevich Anastasiia E. , Khominets Vladimir V. , Khominets Vladimir V. , Abolin Arvid B. , Kulik Nikodim G. , Kotov Vladimir I.
Published: October 2021

The Hoffa fracture is an extremely rare injury of one or two condyles of the femur in the frontal plane, more often associated with injury to other structures of the knee joint area. The main cause of the Hoffa fracture is considered to be a high-energy injury (road accident in 80.5% of cases). The isolated Hoffa fracture accounts for 0.65% of all femoral fractures. To date, there is no consensus on surgical approach or optimal technique of internal fixation for the frontal fracture of the femoral condyles. There is also a large percentage of mistakes in the X-ray diagnosis of this pathology. The existing classifications have not found wide application in clinical practice, being difficult and inapplicable for solving the issue of treatment tactics and preoperative planning. The aim of the study is to present modern views on the diagnosis, principles and techniques of surgical treatment of patients with the Hoffa fractures based on the analysis of the literature. Based on the analyzed literature, conclusions are drawn about the need for careful collection of injury anamnesis, increased surgeon caution in the presence of this injury clinical picture and the simultaneous absence of pathology on standard knee joint X-rays, the need to perform an additional examination in the form of lateral (non-standard) projections of the knee joint X-rays, CT or MRI. During preoperative planning, preference should be given to minimally invasive technologies, including arthroscopically-associated methods of treatment.
Correction to: Minimally Invasive Approaches for Total Hip Arthroplasty: Systematic Review
Authors: Korytkin A. A. , Gerasimov S. A. , Kovaldov K. A. , Gerasimov E. A. , Pronskikh A. A. , Novikov A. V. , Morozova E. A.
Published: October 2021

Correction to the article: Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(2):132-143. https://doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2021-27-2-132-143
Unstable Fractures Osteosynthesis of Malleoli and Posterior Edge of the Tibia Using Posterolateral Surgical Approach
Authors: Belen’kii Igor’ G. , Maiorov Boris A. , Kochish Aleksandr Yu. , Sergeev Gennadii D. , Savello Viktor E. , Tul’chinskii Andrei E. , Refitskii Yurii V. , Isaev Maksim V.
Published: October 2021

The malleoli fractures in combination with the fractures of posterior edge of the tibia are considered unstable injuries and present particular difficulties in surgical treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate short-term and mid-term results of osteosynthesis on account of unstable fractures of malleoli and posterior edge of the tibia using posterolateral surgical approach. Materials and Methods. The analysis of short-term and mid-term results of the treatment of 29 patients with malleoli fractures types 44-B3 and 44-C1.3, C2.3 and C3.3 (according to the AO classification) with the involvement of the Volkman`s posterior tibia fragment was performed in traumatology departments of three hospitals during the period from January 2019 to September 2020. In all 29 cases the fracture of the posterior edge of the tibia was classified as type 1 according to the classification of N. Haraguchi et al. All patients underwent osteosynthesis of the posterior edge of the tibia and the lateral malleolus via posterolateral surgical approach. Combined fracture of the medial malleolus was fixed via classical medial approach. 5 patients (17.2%) with continued instability of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis underwent fixation with positional screw. Functional results, as well as the range of motions in the ankle joint were evaluated with the use of AOFAS and Neer scales 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results. Statistically significant improvement in functional outcomes over time was noted when evaluated on the AOFAS scale (p0.05) and on the Neer scale (p0.01). 12 months after the surgery these points were 83.213.4 and 87.816.8 respectively. Complications were noted in 5 patients (17.24%). Deep periimplant infection was registered just in one case, another patient had marginal necrosis of the operative wound. Three patients had clinically significant post-traumatic deforming arthritis of the ankle joint. Conclusion. Posterolateral surgical approach has advantages when performing osteosynthesis in patients of the studied profile and enables anatomical reduction and stable fixation of fragments of the Volkman`s posterior edge of the tibia, which provides the possibility of early mobilization of the ankle joint and has positive effect on the results of treatment.
Whether the Partial Knee Arthroplasty is Worthwhile: Estimation of Orthopedic Surgeons from Large Arthroplasty Center
Authors: Fil Alexey S. , Antipov Alexandr P. , Kulyaba Taras A. , Kornilov Nikolai N.
Published: October 2021

Background. Despite several proven advantages of the partial knee arthroplasty (PKA) over the total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in selected patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or osteonecrosis (ON), there is still no consensus regarding the feasibility of this procedure among practitioners all over the world. The purpose of the study to perform comprehensive analysis of the preferences of knee surgeons, regarding the feasibility of partial arthroplasty for modern orthopedic practice. Materials and Methods. A special questionnaire was developed that includes 4 sections devoted to personal surgical experience, understanding of indications/contraindications to PKA, attitude to potential advantages and disadvantages, as well as the reasons limiting the use of this technology in the daily practice. Using the institutional register of knee arthroplasty there were identified 37 orthopedic surgeons who perform more than 20 knee replacements annually. All of them agreed to participate in the survey. All surgeons were men with average age 43.1 years (min 31, max 64, moda 41, SD = 8.9). The total number of knee arthroplasties performed by all respondents during the last year was 3094 . Results. The surgeons divided into two groups: 17 (46%) performed PKA but majority did not (20 (54%)). The average age of the surgeons of the 1st group was less than in the 2nd one (41.8 and 44.1 years (p0.05)). The surgeons from group 1 significantly often respond in a positive way regarding the advantages of PKA compared to TKA (p0.01). The significant differences among surgical estimations regarding PKA noted in the questions related to the speed of rehabilitation (p0.05), the achievement of the forgotten knee phenomenon (p0.01) and the frequency of postoperative complications (p0.01). There was a trend that the more often a surgeon utilized PKA, the more he believes in its advantages over TKA. Only 1 respondent consider PKA fully unreliable, and 6 surgeons reported that they are unfamiliar with surgical technique. Interestingly that all surgeons, except one in the second group, met right candidates for PKA in their daily practice. There was no correlation between the studied parameters and surgeons age, experience, as well as annual caseload. Conclusions. Every second surgeon (54%) who regularly performs knee replacement ignores PKA as a method of choice for selected patients with OA or ON despite evidence-based literature data even in a large orthopedic center. For PKA users among the most significant advantages of this approach there are the faster rehabilitation (p0.05), ability to reach the forgotten knee (p0.01), as well as lower incidence and severity of postoperative complications (p0.01).
Clinical, Genetic and Orthopedic Characteristics of Desbuquois Dysplasia
Authors: Markova Tatyana V. , Kenis Vladimir M. , Melchenko Evgeniy V. , Sparber Peter A. , Petukhova Marina S. , Bychkov Igor O. , Nagornova Tatyana S. , Shatokhina Olga L. , Dadali Elena L.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Desbuquois dysplasia is a rare skeletal dysplasia with an autosomal recessive inheritance, resembling to the group of multiple joint dislocations. The disease is caused by mutations in the CANT1 and XYLT1 genes, the protein products of which are involved in the degradation of proteoglycans, which play an important role in endochondral ossification. The polymorphism of clinical and radiological characteristics and the genetic heterogeneity of Desbuquois dysplasia necessitate the description of the phenotypic characteristics of patients with various types of mutations, which optimize diagnosis. Objective description of the clinical and radiological characteristics of three Russian patients with Desbuquois dysplasia of types 1 and 2 with remarkable orthopedic manifestation, caused by mutations in the CANT1 and XYLT1 genes. Materials and Methods. Genealogical, clinical, radiographic and genetic data of three unrelated Russian patients aged 2 to 8 years was carried out. Genetic testing was carried out using clinical exome sequencing and methyl-sensitive PCR. Results. Two patients were diagnosed with type 1 disease due to a previously described homozygous mutation in the CANT1 gene: c.898CT (p.Arg300Cys), and one type 2 due to heterozygous mutations in the XYLT1 gene. One mutation: c.1651CT (p.Arg551Cys) was detected during exome sequencing, and the second mutation: expansion of GGC repeats in the promoter region of the gene, revealed by methyl-sensitive PCR of the first exon of the gene. The main clinical signs of the disease were micromelic dwarfism, hypermobility in the joints and specific facial dysmorphisms, radiographic analysis revealed characteristic monkey wrench appearance of the proximal femur in all 3 patients, additional ossification center of the second metacarpal, advanced bone age and multiple dislocations in the joints. The patients also had extra-skeletal manifestations (congenital glaucoma, obstructive bronchitis, renal hypoplasia and congenital heart malformations). Conclusion. Genetic heterogeneity and the presence of polymorphism of clinical manifestations make it possible to consider sequencing of the clinical exome as the optimal method for diagnosing Desbuquois dysplasia types 1 and 2. Analysis of the literature and the results of our molecular genetic data indicate the possibility of expansion of the GGC repeat in the XYLT1 gene in patients with clinical manifestations of type 2 Desbuquois dysplasia.
Epidemiology of Hip And Knee Arthroplasty and Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Russian Federation
Authors: Sereda Andrei P. , Kochish Andrei A. , Cherny Alexander A. , Antipov Alexander P. , Aliev Alimuad G. , Veber Eugeniy V. , Vorontsova Tatiana N. , Bozhkova Svetlana A. , Shubnyakov Igor I. , Tikhilov Rashid M.
Published: October 2021

Background. Since there is no national arthroplasty registry in the Russian Federation, the exact number of arthroplasty operations performed is unknown. Aim of the study to evaluate the epidemiology of primary, revision hip and knee arthroplasty and periprosthetic joint infection in Russian Federation. Materials and Methods. The inquires were made to 85 subjects, 73 federal state budget institutions and 30 private hospitals. Results. Answers were received from 76 subjects of Russian Federation, 41 federal and 18 private hospitals. The studied indicators revealed to be pretty much heterogenic. The decrease of operations number from 20% to 40% in subjects of Russian Federation due to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic forced us to make no analysis for these 2020 indicators in Russian Federation generally. 147 061 primary hip and knee arthroplasties were performed in 2019 in Russian Federaion. 7 770 revison hip and knee arthroplasties were done. 6 606 cases of severe orthopaedic implant-assosiated infection were cured including 4 282 cases post hip and knee arthroplasties that constitutes 2,91 % from primary arthroplasties. Conclusions. The frequency of periprosthetic joint infection in Russian Federation correlates to the world data. High complexity for patients routing with implant-assosiated infection and strong demand for Federal Center of implant-assosiated orthopaedic infection are revealed.
Palisade Technique — the New Method for Open Reduction of Pelvic Fractures
Authors: Zadneprovskiy Nikita N. , Ivanov Pavel A. , Nevedrov Alexander V.
Published: October 2021

Background. Restoration of the pelvic bones and acetabulum anatomy after fracture is an important criterion for functional outcome. Often, the reduction of flat pelvic bones is not an easy task. The authors proposed a method of reduction using a special support site of two or three 3.5 mm cortical screws for Matta bone forceps. The aim of the study was to demonstrate a new way of pelvic bones fragments reduction. Method Description. Three clinical situations are presented when a new method was used: 1) reduction of a pointed fragment of the acetabulum posterior column transverse fracture; 2) reduction of the acetabulum quadrilateral plate fragments with medial displacement and 3) reduction the rupture of the pelvic bones in the sacroiliac joint with the vertical displacement. Previously, a support site was created in one of the fragments from two or three not fully twisted 3.5 mm cortical screws. One of the Matta bone forceps branches was placed on the formed site, and the second on another fragment and the displacement was eliminated. Then the final osteosynthesis was performed with pelvic plates and/or cannulated screws according to the surgical plan. Before closing the wound the support site was removed. Conclusion. The proposed method has shown its effectiveness during the reduction of the flat bones fragments, as it allows you to compress the spongy bones of the pelvis with a thin cortical layer stronger, compared with existing methods during which fragments splitting and pulling out anchor screws in the branches of reduction forceps can occur. The developed method of reduction demonstrated convenience and reliability.
Un análisis comparativo de la sostenibilidad de sistemas para la producción de café en fincas de Santander y Caldas, Colombia
Authors: Oviedo-Celis Ricardo Andrés , Castro-Escobar Edisson Stiven
Published: October 2021

Los modelos para la producción de café en Colombia son variados como respuesta a la oferta ambiental de las regiones, donde son establecidos como principal actividad productiva rural. Se analizaron, las condiciones de sostenibilidad en las dimensiones económica, ambiental, social y técnica, del sistema agroforestal, asocio con otros cultivos, y monocultivo, en 1 municipio de Santander y 5 municipios del departamento de Caldas. La información fue obtenida de entrevistas directas a 81 productores, y procesada mediante análisis estadístico descriptivo y clúster, que definió la escala de valoración de sostenibilidad. Los resultados indican que el modelo agroforestal impacta en la rentabilidad y productividad del cultivo, en comparación con los otros dos modelos, mostrando incluso, que este, siendo menos sostenible técnica y económicamente, tiene condiciones de sostenibilidad favorables en los indicadores ambientales, estratégicos para la adaptación y mitigación al cambio climático en las regiones.
Implementation, Adoption, and Perceptions of Telemental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review
Authors: Appleton Rebecca , Williams Julie , Vera San Juan Norha , Needle Justin J , Schlief Merle , Jordan Harriet , Sheridan Rains Luke , Goulding Lucy , Badhan Monika , Roxburgh Emily , Barnett Phoebe , Spyridonidis Spyros , Tomaskova Magdalena , Mo Jiping , Harju-Seppänen Jasmine , Haime Zoë , Casetta Cecilia , Papamichail Alexandra , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Simpson Alan , Sevdalis Nick , Gaughran Fiona , Johnson Sonia
Published: October 2021

Background

Early in 2020, mental health services had to rapidly shift from face-to-face models of care to delivering the majority of treatments remotely (by video or phone call or occasionally messaging) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This resulted in several challenges for staff and patients, but also in benefits such as convenience or increased access for people with impaired mobility or in rural areas. There is a need to understand the extent and impacts of telemental health implementation, and barriers and facilitators to its effective and acceptable use. This is relevant both to future emergency adoption of telemental health and to debates on its future use in routine mental health care.

Objective

To investigate the adoption and impacts of telemental health approaches during the COVID-19 pandemic, and facilitators and barriers to optimal implementation.

Methods

Four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science) were searched for primary research relating to remote working, mental health care, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Preprint servers were also searched. Results of studies were synthesized using framework synthesis.

Results

A total of 77 papers met our inclusion criteria. In most studies, the majority of contacts could be transferred to a remote form during the pandemic, and good acceptability to service users and clinicians tended to be reported, at least where the alternative to remote contacts was interrupting care. However, a range of impediments to dealing optimal care by this means were also identified.

Conclusions

Implementation of telemental health allowed some continuing support to the majority of service users during the COVID-19 pandemic and has value in an emergency situation. However, not all service users can be reached by this means, and better evidence is now needed on long-term impacts on therapeutic relationships and quality of care, and on impacts on groups at risk of digital exclusion and how to mitigate these.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews CRD42021211025; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021211025
A Digital Coaching Intervention for Cancer Survivors With Job Loss: Retrospective Study
Authors: Lo Jonathon , Ballurkar Kieran , Fox Simonie , Tynan Kate , Luu Nghiep , Boyer Michael , Murali-Ganesh Raghav
Published: October 2021

Background

Returning to work is a key unmet need for working-age cancer survivors.

Objective

This study sought to evaluate return-to-work outcomes of a multidisciplinary intervention provided as routine employee support.

Methods

In a retrospective cohort analysis, patients with cancer and more than 3 months of absence from work were provided with an intervention consisting of digital resources and calls with a health coach. Propensity score matching was used to define a similar cohort of cancer patients absent from work, who were not offered the coaching intervention. The return-to-work rate as a percentage of all participants and secondary outcomes, such as the rate of death, were measured. The median time to return to work was compared between the cohorts using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results

A total of 220 participants were enrolled in the intervention, of which 125 met the criteria for analysis. The median follow-up from cancer diagnosis was 79 weeks (IQR 60-106 weeks). In the matched control group, 22 (17.6%) participants returned to work compared with 38 (30.4%) in the intervention group (P=.02). Additionally, 19 (15.2%) matched controls died prior to claim closure compared with 13 (10.4%) in the intervention group (P=.26). The Kaplan-Meier estimated median time for the first 15% of the cohort to return to work was 87.1 weeks (95% CI 60.0-109.1 weeks) for the matched control group compared with 70.6 weeks (95% CI 52.6-79.6 weeks; P=.08) for the intervention group.

Conclusions

Patients receiving a remotely delivered coaching program in a real-world setting returned to work at a higher frequency than did control participants receiving usual care.
Oncology Patients’ Experiences With Novel Electronic Patient Portals to Support Care and Treatment: Qualitative Study With Early Users and Nonusers of Portals in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Santos Amanda D , Caine Vera , Robson Paula J , Watson Linda , Easaw Jacob C , Petrovskaya Olga
Published: October 2021

Background

With the current proliferation of clinical information technologies internationally, patient portals are increasingly being adopted in health care. Research, conducted mostly in the United States, shows that oncology patients have a keen interest in portals to gain access to and track comprehensive personal health information. In Canada, patient portals are relatively new and research into their use and effects is currently emerging. There is a need to understand oncology patients’ experiences of using eHealth tools and to ground these experiences in local sociopolitical contexts of technology implementation, while seeking to devise strategies to enhance portal benefits.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of oncology patients and their family caregivers when using electronic patient portals to support their health care needs. We focused on how Alberta’s unique, 2-portal context shapes experiences of early portal adopters and nonadopters, in anticipation of a province-wide rollout of a clinical information system in oncology facilities.

Methods

This qualitative descriptive study employed individual semistructured interviews and demographic surveys with 11 participants. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed thematically. The study was approved by the University of Alberta Human Research Ethics Board.

Results

Participants currently living with nonactive cancer discussed an online patient portal as one among many tools (including the internet, phone, videoconferencing, print-out reports) available to make sense of their diagnosis and treatment, maintain connections with health care providers, and engage with information. In the Fall of 2020, most participants had access to 1 of 2 of Alberta’s patient portals and identified ways in which this portal was supportive (or not) of their ongoing health care needs. Four major themes, reflecting the participants’ broader concerns within which the portal use was occurring, were generated from the data: (1) experiencing doubt and the desire for transparency; (2) seeking to become an informed and active member of the health care team; (3) encountering complexity; and (4) emphasizing the importance of the patient–provider relationship.

Conclusions

Although people diagnosed with cancer and their family caregivers considered an online patient portal as beneficial, they identified several areas that limit how portals support their oncology care. Providers of health care portals are invited to recognize these limitations and work toward addressing them.
Predicting Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Minimal Features From Electronic Health Records: Development of a Deep Learning Model (Preprint)
Authors: Liang Chia-Wei , Yang Hsuan-Chia , Islam Md Mohaimenul , Nguyen Phung Anh Alex , Feng Yi-Ting , Hou Ze Yu , Huang Chih-Wei , Poly Tahmina Nasrin , Li Yu-Chuan Jack
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), usually known as hepatoma, is the third leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Early detection of HCC helps in its treatment and increases survival rates.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to develop a deep learning model, using the trend and severity of each medical event from the electronic health record to accurately predict the patients who will be diagnosed with HCC in 1 year.

METHODS

Patients with HCC were screened out from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan between 1999 and 2013. To be included, the patients with HCC had to register as patients with cancer in the catastrophic illness file and had to be diagnosed as a patient with HCC in an inpatient admission. The control cases (non-HCC patients) were randomly sampled from the same database. We used age, gender, diagnosis code, drug code, and time information as the input variables of a convolution neural network model to predict those patients with HCC. We also inspected the highly weighted variables in the model and compared them to their odds ratio at HCC to understand how the predictive model works

RESULTS

We included 47,945 individuals, 9553 of whom were patients with HCC. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of the model for predicting HCC risk 1 year in advance was 0.94 (95% CI 0.937-0.943), with a sensitivity of 0.869 and a specificity 0.865. The AUROC for predicting HCC patients 7 days, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years early were 0.96, 0.94, 0.94, 0.91, and 0.91, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this study show that the convolutional neural network model has immense potential to predict the risk of HCC 1 year in advance with minimal features available in the electronic health records.
The Functions and Technical Design of Chinese Internet Hospitals (Preprint)
Authors: Jin Zhuhua , Yang Lixin , Zeng Zhaobo , Wang Dongming , Xie Yinghai , Zhu Lei
Published: October 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

With the development of internet technologies, internet hospitals are popular in China to deliver online medical services as to provide better service to patients. According to government regulations, internet hospitals in China are supported by offline hospitals, they providing register, online medical consultation, online outpatient, online prescription, online payment, medicine delivery, chronic disease management, report query, appointments, door-to-door care and other services. Internet hospitals also providing some services such as online free fever clinics, online acid testing appointment, online healthy code checking, inpatient admitting card etc during covid-19 period. Internet hospitals help to provide online-to-offline medical services, gave great convenience to patients, and improved the quality of medical services. Internet + Medicine is the trending of Chinese medicine.
Examining Public Sentiments and Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccination: Infoveillance Study Using Twitter Posts (Preprint)
Authors: Chandrasekaran Ranganathan , Desai Rashi , Shah Harsh , Kumar Vivek , Moustakas Evangelos
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

A global rollout of vaccinations is currently underway to mitigate and protect people from the COVID-19 pandemic. Several individuals have been using social media platforms such as Twitter as an outlet to express their feelings, concerns, and opinions about COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination programs. This study examined COVID-19 vaccine–related tweets from January 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021, to uncover the topics, themes, and variations in sentiments of public Twitter users.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to examine key themes and topics from COVID-19 vaccine–related English tweets posted by individuals, and to explore the trends and variations in public opinions and sentiments.

METHODS

We gathered and assessed a corpus of 2.94 million COVID-19 vaccine–related tweets made by 1.2 million individuals. We used CoreX topic modeling to explore the themes and topics underlying the tweets, and used VADER sentiment analysis to compute sentiment scores and examine weekly trends. We also performed qualitative content analysis of the top three topics pertaining to COVID-19 vaccination.

RESULTS

Topic modeling yielded 16 topics that were grouped into 6 broader themes underlying the COVID-19 vaccination tweets. The most tweeted topic about COVID-19 vaccination was related to vaccination policy, specifically whether vaccines needed to be mandated or optional (13.94%), followed by vaccine hesitancy (12.63%) and postvaccination symptoms and effects (10.44%) Average compound sentiment scores were negative throughout the 16 weeks for the topics postvaccination symptoms and side effects and hoax/conspiracy. However, consistent positive sentiment scores were observed for the topics vaccination disclosure, vaccine efficacy, clinical trials and approvals, affordability, regulation, distribution and shortage, travel, appointment and scheduling, vaccination sites, advocacy, opinion leaders and endorsement, and gratitude toward health care workers. Reversal in sentiment scores in a few weeks was observed for the topics vaccination eligibility and hesitancy.

CONCLUSIONS

Identification of dominant themes, topics, sentiments, and changing trends about COVID-19 vaccination can aid governments and health care agencies to frame appropriate vaccination programs, policies, and rollouts.
Accelerometer-measured Physical Activity of Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A scoping review (Preprint)
Authors: Moldovan Ioana A. , Bragg Alexa , Nidhiry Anna S. , De La Cruz Barbara A. , Mitchell Suzanne E.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Incorporating physical activity in lifestyle routines is recommended for individuals living with type 2 diabetes. Accelerometer devices offer a promising alternative to self-report methods for measuring physical activity performance. However, the extant literature for accelerometer-measured physical activity among middle-aged/older adults with chronic conditions is lacking.

OBJECTIVE

We conducted a comprehensive scoping review of the literature to capture accelerometry methodologies in older adults with type 2 diabetes, specifically in relation to cutpoints that classify physical activity into intensity categories (sedentary, light, moderate, vigorous, very vigorous).

METHODS

Applying the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Engineering Village to identify studies that used research-grade accelerometers to objectively measure physical activity intensity levels of adults with type 2 diabetes using cutpoints in participant samples of mean age 50 years and older.

RESULTS

We identified 46 studies that met our inclusion criteria. The ActiGraph was the most popular accelerometer among researchers, and the Freedson (1998) and Troiano (2008) cutpoints were favored the most. The Lopes (2009) cutpoints were developed by calibrating the ActiGraph accelerometer in middle-aged and older adults with overweight/ obesity and type 2 diabetes. Several studies noted limitations of accelerometry use that could lead to an underestimation or inaccurate representation of physical activity for our population of interest. Limitations included decreased accuracy due to variation in device placement and underestimation of activity intensity attributed to using cutpoints in older adults with lower fitness levels that were originally validated with younger adults.

CONCLUSIONS

Considering the high variability among accelerometry methodologies, more work needs to be done to understand activity intensity cut-offs for populations with a high burden of chronic disease, older age, and suboptimal physical functioning.
Los riesgos de la vulnerabilidad sociodemográfica por el Covid-19 en México 2020
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, González-Becerril Juan Gabino , Montoya-Arce Bernardino Jaciel ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México
Published: October 2021

En México recién habíamos concluido un año de la transición política y con muchos cuestiona-mientos acerca de la administración de la autodenominada cuarta transformación se encaminaba a una crisis económica, pero surge el Covid- 2019, la cual se profundiza y es acompañada por una dificultad de salud pública en el mundo (un hecho social sistémico en tiempos de tempestades que requiere ser pensada, repensada e impensada). En este contexto se inscribe este ensayo en el que planteamos como objetivo hacer una reflexión sobre un tema, al cual se le dio seguimiento en tiempo real en los últimos ocho meses (marzo-octubre de 2020) y que, desde la sociodemo-gafía, podemos revisar sus causas y consecuencias sociales en México, el cual creó psicosis e incertidumbre en todos los ámbitos del mundo y en específico en nuestro país, así como en el Estado de México.
El periurbano en México: identificación y caracterización sociodemográfica y territorial
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, González-Arellano Salomón , Larralde-Corona Adriana Helia ,   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Cruz-Bello Gustavo ,   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana
Published: October 2021

La producción científica y la política territorial en México se ha construido básicamente a partir de la dicotomía campo-ciudad. En consecuencia, los fenómenos periurbanos no han sido cla-ramente explicados y, las políticas dirigidas a estos espacios no son explícitas o diferenciadas. En ese sentido, este artículo busca aportar información panorámica del periurbano en México. Primeramente, se propone un método para la identificación del periurbano basado en el índice de entropía de Shannon que mide la heterogeneidad del uso del suelo. En un segundo tiempo, el estudio caracteriza el espacio periurbano a través de atributos demográficos, sociales y terri-toriales. Finalmente, el estudio identifica cuatro dimensiones sociodemográficas y territoriales del espacio periurbano: 1) polarización socio-ocupacional, 2) la oposición entre suelo natural y suelo para el cultivo, 3) urbanización como entorno construido y dinámica demográfica, y 4) marginación social e informalidad residencial. Estas dimensiones sugieren procesos simultáneos diferenciados en el espacio periurbano.
ENSURING QUALITATIVE-ACCURACY CHARACTERISTICS DURING RESTORING OF VEHICLE PARTS
Authors:   Military Training and Research Center of the Air Force ", Pen’kov Nikita A. ,   Military Air Academy named after Professor N.E. Zhukovsky and Yu. A. Gagarin", Sidorkin Oleg A. , Zhachkin Sergey Yu. ,   Voronezh State Technical University, Zavrazhnov Anatoliy I. ,   Michurinsk State Agrarian University
Published: October 2021

One of the most common reasons for the failure of hydraulic drive systems for agricultural machinery is the working fluid leak in the contact points of the rubbing surfaces of hydraulic blocks. The application of composite coatings based on chromium on the contacting surfaces allows you to restore the defect in the shape of the part caused by wear, as well as reduce the friction coefficient at the contact points, which positively affects the wear resistance of the part. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing technologies for restoring parts of agricultural machinery with predetermined operational properties. (Materials and methods) A servo valve, widely used in various hydraulic drive systems, was used as an experimental sample. Its working surface was restored with a composite coating applied by electroplating to increase the wear resistance of the servo valve. (Results and discussion) Authors conducted a series of direct measurements under the same conditions. The article presents the de-pendence of the microhardness on the parameters of the electrolysis mode and the thickness of the applied coating using the method of least squares. The nature of changes in microhardness and residual stresses was evaluated to determine the quality of the coatings. The article presents the dependences of these indicators on various control parameters (current density, temperature, tool pressure). The equations of the regression of the main qualitative and accuracy characteristics of the parts were deter-mined using the apparatus of the theory of experimental planning. (Conclusions) The article presents the method for predicting coatings of a given quality, taking into ac-count the influence of the current density and the temperature of the electrolyte during electrolysis on the nature of the precipitation obtained. The influence of the tool pressure on the depth of deformation of the formed layers was estimated. This approach allows us to evaluate the nature of the stress distribution in the formed coating and the quality of the restored parts.
THE USE OF A MONOMOLECULAR PROTECTIVE FILM ON THE SURFACE OF FRICTION UNITS TO INCREASE THE RELIABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Parlyuk Ekaterina P.
Published: October 2021

One of the factors limiting the reliability of machines and mechanisms is the wear of the contacting surfaces of friction units, which affects their service life. To prevent it, the friction units are treated with lubricants. Surfactants containing fluorinated hydrocarbon radicals are of the greatest interest as an additive to lubricants. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the effect of a protective monomolecular film of fluorinated surfactants on the processes of friction and wear occurring on the surfaces of friction units under conditions of boundary and hydrodynamic friction. (Materials and methods) The structure of the metal was studied before and after the application of a monomolecular protective film, the contact potential difference and the hardness of the samples were determined. The influence of surface energy on the oil absorption of materials was evaluated. (Results and discussion) It was revealed using the contact potential difference method, the process of applying a monomolecular protective film ends after 1.5-3.0 minutes and further exposure in the composition does not lead to a change in the contact potential difference. The values of the adhesion action and wetting energy for surfaces with this coating indicate that the surface energy does not depend on the material, but is determined by the coating of the monomolecular protective film of the test sample. The compositions of 0.05 percent of solutions of fluorinated surfactants form a more porous coating compared to the concentration of 0.5 percent. (Conclusions) Fluorinated surfactants have a high tribotechnical efficiency as antifriction and anti-wear nanomaterials. Their use makes it possible to protect the contact surfaces with a film 3-6 nm thick both under boundary and under hydrodynamic friction. The specified protective film performs the function of a "compensator" for various lubrication modes.
SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF PROFESSOR F. KH. BURUMKULOV (TO THE 85TH ANNIVERSARY)
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Lyalyakin Valentin P. , Denisov Vyacheslav A.
Published: October 2021

Professor F.Kh. Burumkulov holds a special place among the well- known scientists who have contributed to the development of the strengthening and restoring machine parts. The graduate of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, he devoted his entire adult life to scientific research on testing machine parts, coating methods, introducing innovative equipment and technologies into repair production. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in presenting the main scientific achievements of F.Kh. Burumkulov, evaluating their contribution to solving the problems of restoration and hardening of parts in modern conditions. (Materials and methods) The article presents literary data, scientific works, archival materials, the most significant publications of F.Kh. Burumkulov, his students and associates. (Results and discussion) The article describes the main stages of the professor's activity. In 1965 he graduated from the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, the branch of "Tracked and wheeled vehicles". F.Kh. Burumkulov studied there in graduate school and in 1968 defended his PhD thesis on the topic "Study of steady-state forced oscillations of the transmission of a multi-drive wheeled vehicle 8x8". They pointed out that after defending his dissertation, he worked at the All-Union Institute of Standardization and Metrology and worked his way up from a senior teacher to a deputy director for academic affairs. From 1980 until the last days, the scientist worked in the VNPO "Remdetal", which was repeatedly renamed (currently – FNAC VIM). The article presents the achieved results and scientific contribution at each stage of its activity. (Conclusions) The scientific heritage of Professor F.Kh. Burumkulov includes more than 250 scientific works, including 7 monographs and 75 inventions. The results of his scientific achievements are recognized by the scientific community; he has trained 2 doctors of sciences and 10 candidates of technical sciences.
PROSPECTS FOR OBTAINING GAS MOTOR FUEL FROM BIOGAS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Grigor’yev Viktor S. , Romanov Il’ya V.
Published: October 2021

The ability of gas hydrates to concentrate gas into a solid chelate structure and the properties of self-preservation of gas hydrates at negative temperatures allows us to consider the possibility of developing a method for the utilization of biogas, environmentally safe storage and transportation of biomethane. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in substantiation the technological possibilities of obtaining synthetic mixed gas hydrates of biogas components, their storage and transportation based on the analysis of the existing regularities of the formation of gas hydrates in time, temperature and external pressure. (Materials and methods) The article presents the accumulated results of studies of the process of obtaining artificial hydrates of natural gas and methane- containing gas mixtures at various initial static pressures and temperatures. The object of research to substantiate the parameters of artificial creation of gas hydrates is biogas obtained during anaerobic thermophilic fermentation of organic waste at an existing experimental biogas plant. Mixed feed SK-8 with a humidity of 90-92 percent was used as an organic substrate of constant composition. The composition of biogas was studied using the Optima-7 Biogas gas analyzer. (Results and discussion) The article presents a process model and a technical appearance of an installation for producing gas motor fuel from the biogas of anaerobic digestion of organic waste of the agro-industrial complex. The hydrate formation time depends on the increase in the interfacial surface and the movement of gas bubbles relative to the liquid, which can be regulated by acting on the hydrate formation zone (shock wave, electromagnetic, mechanical, chemical, temperature). (Conclusions) The research results can be used in modeling processes in two-phase media during the formation of gas hydrates and the creation of installations for their production.
HARMONIZATION PERSPECTIVE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDIZATION IN THE FIELD OF TECHNICAL SERVICE
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Kazakova Vera A.
Published: October 2021

Harmonization of standards for modern methods of organization of maintenance and repair, advanced methods of service of agricultural machines (tractors, diesels, combines and others) updates the list of regulatory documents required for the certification of agricultural machinery. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the quality of repair, maintenance and work in the certification of tractors and agricultural machinery, taking into account new trends by clarifying the list of controlled indicators of technical and information compatibility in accordance with the priority areas of standardization, establishing a list of mandatory routine maintenance work in the certification of repair quality aimed at technical and environmental safety, as well as increasing the competitiveness of Russian goods in the domestic and regional markets. (Materials and methods) The specifics of the work consists in public discussion of draft standards and expertise by specialists of the engineering service and agricultural machinery, interested organizations and enterprises of the Russian Federation and organizations in the member states of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification of the Commonwealth of Independent States and a detailed analysis of the proposals received. (Results and discussion) The article presents the final versions of the draft standards that meet the conditions of the current state of the machine-technical park and the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex. It summaries of reviews from organizations in Russia and the CIS countries; the draft final version of the standards will be sent for editing and approval to Rosstandart. (Conclusions) For the first time, the types, basic rules and technical requirements for carrying out the procedure for putting into repair and releasing from repair tractors, diesel engines, combines and other machines intended for field work were unified. The implementation of these requirements will improve the quality of repair, reliability and the inter-repair resource of the machine and tractor fleet of the agro-industrial complex.
Nanofluids as a Coolant in Functional Units’ Coolers of Automotive Equipment
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Parlyuk Ekaterina P.
Published: October 2021

One of the most important elements of the cooling system of any automotive internal combustion engine is a coolant. Most often, water and a mixture of water with antifreeze are used as a coolant. Its main function is to transfer heat or to cool the engine. Nanofluids are promising heat carriers, with the help of which it is possible to reduce the metal consumption of aggregates, increase safety in emergency transient modes accompanied by boiling. (Research purpose) The research purpose is studying the possibilities, features and prospects of using innovative heat carriers as coolants of automotive equipment, which will allow overcoming the ineﬃciency of water and ethylene glycol mixtures, which consists in low thermal conductivity. (Materials and methods) Nanofluids consisting of a base liquid and nanoparticles of a highly heat-conducting material were proposed as innovative heat carriers. Their use in transport power plant coolers will reduce their volume and weight. Mixing of ethylene glycol and copper nanoparticles is eﬀective, in such cases it is important to investigate the eﬀect of the volume fraction of copper nanoparticles and the base liquid on thermal characteristics or to reduce the size of the radiator. Copper nanoparticles have better thermal conductivity than other nanoparticles (for example, aluminum oxide). (Results and discussion) It has been proved that the use of nanofluids in heating and ventilation systems can give a significant increase in heat transfer. At present the science of nanofluids is in its initial stage, for the development of this direction it is necessary to conduct comprehensive experimental studies of their chemical and physical properties, theoretical analysis, and compilation of general calculated correlations. (Conclusions) It was revealed that nanofluids can be eﬀectively used as heat carriers of transport engines, with their use the metal consumption of coolers is reduced, the safety of units in emergency modes, including those accompanied by boiling, is increased.