bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On a new planktobenthic Scolecithricid copepod (Calanoida, Crustacea) from the Brazilian continental shelf
Authors: Campaner A. F.
Published: March 2017

Descreve-se neste trabalho o copépodo planctobentônico “Scolecithricella” pseudoculata sp. n. e sua posição genérica é discutida.
Alguns Megadrile (Oligochaeta, Annelida) brasileiros
Authors: Righi Gilberto
Published: March 2017

Treze espécies de Oligochaeta terrestres brasileiros são estudadas. Duas espécies novas são descritas. Kerriona limae, sp. n. distingue-se das outras duas espécies do gênero pelas relações entre as cerdas e pelas marcas genitais. Rhino- drilus hoeflingae, sp. n. pertence ao grupo formado por R. garbei, R. bursiferus e R. motucu, separando-se principalmente pela disposição irregular das cerdas na região posterior do corpo e pela extensão do clitelo.
Anatomia do aparelho excretor de Glossoscolex paulistus Michaelsen, 1926 (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae)
Authors: Buck Nelson
Published: March 2017

O aparelho excretor de Glossoscolex paulistus (Oligochaeta, Glossoscole- cidae) é estudado pela sua topografia, morfologia e percurs do duto nefridial. Os nefridcs posclitelares são semelhantes entre si do segmento XXX para trás; para a frente tornam-se sucessivamente maiores e mais complexos. Entre ne- fróstoma e nefridióporo reconheceram-se 12 regiões no duto nefridial, diferenciadas pela organização, respostas à fosfatose alcalina de Gomori e topografia. Não há relação entre o tamanho dos nefrídios e dos funis nefridiais. Nos nefridios de X e posteriores, encontram-se dilatações ampuliformes (glomérulos), com possível função excretora, entre os ramos dos vasos sanguíneos aferentes e eferentes.
On the burrows of Echiuram worms (Echiura): a survey
Authors: Ditadi A. S. F.
Published: March 2017

Estudou-se o biótopo e a arquitetura das galerias dos equiúros Lissomyema exilii e Ochetostoma erythrogrammons comparando-se os resultados com os existentes na literatura para outros equiuros. Lissomyema exilii constrói, com areia fina e lôdo, uma galeria em forma de U, dentro de conchas de moluscos e de carapaças de equinóides irregulares. As conchas estão enterradas entre 100 e 220 mm de profundidade na areia lodosa; o verme comunica-se com a superfície através de um par de canais estreitos, situados entre a galeria e o sedimento da superfície da praia. Os canais e a galeria são revestidos, internamente, com muco endurecido. No sedimento superficial as galerias de equiúros são identificadas, principalmente, por pequenos montes de pelotas fecais. Lissomyema exilii povoa uma pequena área de fundo de mar da região entre-marés no litoral norte de São Paulo, Brasil; a densida de populacional é de 11 animais/m2. A macrofauna da área em estudo é composta principalmente de poliquetos, moluscos e crustáceos, a maioria dos quais vive em galerias ou apresenta tendências cavadoras. As galerias de Lissomyjema exilii acomodam vários comensais entre eles, cinco espécies de poliquetos, duas de nematodes, duas de entoproctos, uma de nudibrânquio e um crustáceo. Ochetostoma erythrogvammon constrói tubos em forma de L, em praias de areia clara e grossa. Até o momento não foram encontrados comensais nestas galerias.
Hábitos e comportamento de Roeboides prognathus, um peixe lepidófago (Osteichthyes, Characoidei)
Authors: Sazima Ivan , Machado Francisco A.
Published: March 2017

Sao descritos os hábitos, o comportamento de retirar e ingerir escamas de peixes, bem como aspectos morfológicos e a dieta do peixe lepidófago Roeboidea prognathue (Osteichthyes, Characoidei), procedente do Rio Cuiabá, Estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil.
Organismos do fital Amphiroa beauvoisii Lamouroux, 1816 (Rhodophyta: Corallinaceae): II. Autoecologia
Authors: Masunari Setuko
Published: March 2017

Em 99 amostras de 25 cm2 de área do fital Amphiroa beauvoisii Lmx coletadas em três locais com diferente hidrodinamismo, no médio e infra-litoral superior da Ilha das Palmas (24°00'S-46°19'W), no inverno e verão, foram identificadas 172 espécies e contados 93.916 organismos. Dessas espécies, 67 foram de ocorrência constante. A densidade média da população animal, foi de 41,48 ind. cm-2 , considerada alta em relação aos outros fitais. Polychaeta e Mollusca tiveram o maior número de espécies e Crustacea, o maior número de indivíduos. 0 Amphipoda Jassa falcata, vagil e o Mollusca Crepidula aculeata, séssil foram os dominantes. Hydrozoa, também, caracteriza este fital. Os três locais de coleta mostraram diferenças quanto à quantidade de sedimento retido nos talos da alga-substrato, mas esse fato não afetou a composição específica. A densidade foi maior no local calmo e menor no local de maior hidrodinamismo; foi maior no nível de permanente submersão e no verão. 0 fital caracteriza-se pela complexidade estrutural e disponibilidade de espaço para formas de pequeno tamanho. Colônias sésseis erectas são favorecidas e as incrustantes não, devido à falta de superfícies planas.
Corpuscles of Stannius of freshwater mud eel, Amphipnous cuchia
Authors: Srivastav Ajai Kumar
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo estuda o número, localização e estrutura citológica dos corpúsculos de Stannius da enguia, Amphipnous cuchia. Nos corpúsculos de Stannius foram encontrados dois tipos celulares, células AF positivas e células AF negativas.
Relação do comprimento dos dias com a atividade reprodutiva em Sicalis flaveola (Linnaeus, 1766) (Passeriformes, Emberizidae)
Authors: Machado Luiz Octavio Marcondes
Published: March 2017

Procurou-se estabelecer uma relação entre o comprimento dos dias durante o ano e o comportamento reprodutivo em Sicalie flaveola (Linnaeus, 1766). Foram observados casais em cativeiro na Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo e na natureza na Faz. Jatibaia, Campinas, SP. Pode-se verificar a ocorrência de inatividade reprodutiva, nos casais era cativeiro, a partir de dias de comprimentos de 11:05 h e um reinício a partir de dias com mais de 10:55 h. Na natureza a inatividade teve início em dias com menos de 11:55 h e reinício em dias com mais de 11:00 h. Pelos dados apresentados, lêvando-se em conta que a alimentação foi sempre a mesma para os casais mantidos em cativeiro durante o ano todo, a variação do comprimento dos dias influiu na atividade reprodutiva desta espécie.
Orientação do colágeno e cristais de apatita em tecidos mineralizados de peixes e répteis: estudo com luz polarizada
Authors: Monteiro Moacyr Pinheiro
Published: March 2017

Estudando dentes e tecido ósseo de peixes e répteis, o autor mostra que as fibras colágenas e cristais de apatita dessas estruturas mineralizadas se dispõem de forma organizada em torno das cavidades, canais ou canalículos. Colágeno e cristais de apatita, ambos com a mesma orientação, se arranjam de maneira concêntrica e alternada, isto é, a uma camada colocada circularmente segue-se outra com orientação longitudinal à estrutura estudada.
The western atlantic warm water Notaspidea (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia): parte 2
Authors: Marcus Eveline Du Bois-Reymond
Published: March 2017

No Atlântico ocidental os Notaspidea Pleurobranchacea Pleurobranchidae contêm sete espécies dos Berthellinae, das quais uma nova, Berthella tamiu, e cinco Pleurobranchinae, das quais duas novas, Pleurobranchus (Oscanius) iouspi e Pl. (Susania) emys.
Hábitos de coleta de Tetragonisca angustula angustula Latreille. (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponinae)
Authors: Imperatriz Fonseca Vera Lucia
Published: March 2017

Durante um ano foram coletadas amostras de pólen e mel de colônias de Tetragonisca angustula angustula Latreille. Essas abelhas visitaram 180 espécies vegetais, pertencentes a 45 famílias diferentes, para coleta de alimento. Foram encontrados 140 tipos polínicos nas amostras de pólen e 158 nas amostras de mel. As espécies de plantas mais procuradas tanto para coleta de pólen como de néctar, variando somente a ordem de preferência, foram: Alchornea sidaefolia, Cecropia sp, Eucalyptus spp e Mimosa daleoides. A família botânica mais procurada para coleta de pólen foi Euphorbiaceae, seguida de Moraceae, Leguminosae e Myrtaceae. Para coleta de néctar, as mesmas famílias foram também as mais visitadas, variando no grau de preferência: Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae e Moraceae.
Oogenesis in a freshwater large murrel, Channa striatus (Bloch)
Authors: Srivastava Shivaji , Srivastava Arun Kumar
Published: March 2017

Em Channa striatus, a oogênese foi dividida em três fases: 1) fase primaria de crescimento - caracterizada por aumento mitótico do número de oogônias, 2) fase vitelogênica que envolve dois tipos de deposição de vitelo; vesículas vitelínicas (contêm substâncias glicoprotéicas) e glóbulos vitelínicos (contêm substâncias ligoprotéicas) e 3) fase de maturação - inclui a formação de oocitos maduros. 0 significado funcional de diferentes estágios em outros teleósteos também foi discutido.
Scaphocalanus and Scolecithricella (Copepoda, Calanoida, Scolecithricidae) from the epipelagial off Southern Brazil: a taxonomic and distributional survey
Authors: Campaner Antonio Frederico
Published: March 2017

Foram estudadas, taxonomica e quantitativamente, duas espécies de Soaphooalanus, S. curtus e S. eohinatus, e cinco de Scolecithricella, S. tenuiserrata, S. vittata, S. dentata, S. ovata e S. profunda, provenientes de amostras de plâncton coletadas no epipelagial nerítico e oceânico, ao largo do SE-S do Brasil. Scolecithricella abyssalis, coletada no Pacífico e Atlântico ao largo da América do Sul, foi igualmente analisada e, então, comparada à sua similar, S. profunda. Forneceu-se uma chave de classificação para as fêmeas das espécies de Scolecithricella estudadas e propôs-se novos sinônimos para Scaphocalanus curtus, Scolecithricella vittata e S. ovata. Os dados de ocorrência e densidade foram somados aos da distribuição mundial, conhecida para cada espécie. Foram feitas, finalmente, algumas considerações sobre os padrões de distribuição e a importância relativa das características morfológicas das espécies, no sentido de facilitar a taxonomia desses gêneros.
Desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Callichirus mirim (Rodrigues, 1971) obtido em condições artificiais (Crustacea, Decapoda, Thalassinidea)
Authors: Rodrigues Sérgio De Almeida
Published: March 2017

São descritas duas zoeas e uma pós-larva de Callichirus mirim, criadas em laboratório a partir de fêmeas ovígeras coletadas em Santos, Estado de São Paulo.
Catalogue of the Western Atlantic warm water Opisthobranchia, 10. The Western Atlantic warm water Notaspidea (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia), part 3, Umbraculacea
Authors: Marcus Eveline Du Bois-Reymond
Published: March 2017

Os Umbraculacea do Atlântico Ocidental são Umbracuturn plioatulum v. Martens, 1881, e Tylodina americana Dall, 1890. Recebi cinco exemplares do Umbraculum, dois da Flórida, um de Cayenne, e dois do Brasil, como também alguns exemplares de Umbraculum mediterraneum para comparação. De Tylodina americana tive três exemplares mais duas conchas.
Chave de identificação e lista de referências bibliográficas para as espécies continentais sulamericanas de vida livre da ordem Cyclopoida (Crustacea, Copepoda)
Authors: Reid Janet W.
Published: March 2017

Uma chave ilustrada é fornecida para auxiliar na identificação das 108 espécies, subespêcies e formas de Copepoda, Cyclopoida (Crustacea) de vida livre, conhecidas da América do Sul continental, incluindo as Ilhas Malvinas/Falklands, Aruba e Curaçao. Estão incluidos os membros dos gêneros predominantemente marinhos, gue podem ocorrer em estuários e lagoas salobras. Cada especie é suprida de uma lista de referências bibliográficas.
The reproductive system of Opisthogonimus philodryadum (West, 1896) (Digenea)
Authors: Moretto Humberto J. A. , Modern Daniel E.
Published: March 2017

O sistema reprodutor do adulto de Opisthogonimus philodryadum(West, 1896) foi estudado anatomica e histologicamente ao microscópio. Esta análise mostra que o canal de Laurer, metratermo, cirro e duto ejaculatório possuem um epitélio aprofundado. 0 metratermo e a franja citoplasmática do cirro ou tectum tem uma camada esclerótica diferenciada, semelhante em aspecto e cor às dos espinhos do tegumento do animal.
Ecologie alimentaire de Tringa flavipes (Gmelin, 1789) (Oiseaux: Scolopacidae) dans la Lacune del Cristal (Santa Fe, Argentine)
Authors: Beltzer Adolfo Héctor
Published: March 2017

São apresentados os resultados do estudo realizado com 16 exemplares de Tringa flavipes (Gmelin, 1789), coletados na Laguna Del Cristal (Santa Fé, Argentina) em 12.1984 e 02.1985, constituindo a primeira contribuição ao conhecimento do espectro trófico, que resultou integrado por 6 entidades taxonômicas. Pela aplicação do índice de importância relativa (IRI), estabeleceu-se os moluscos, com Littoridina parchappei, como alimento básico, seguindo-se os insetos e os peixes como categorias secundárias. Determinou-se os graus de fidelidade do ambiente de praia e de águas superficiais (100%) onde tem a fonte de alimento e que constitui a área de influência durante o período de permanência na zona. A comparação entre o espectro trófico e as amostras do bentos coletado nas áreas de captura permitiram estabelecer a explotação de Littoridina pelas aves, deixando de lado as Chironomidae, que eram as dominantes, e completando a dieta com outras formas aquáticas (insetos e peixes).
Flabellina evelinae, a new species of eolid mollusc from Nigeria
Authors: Edmunds Malcolm
Published: March 2017

Uma nova espécie de eolide (Mollusca, Nudibranchia) é descrita da Nigéria e nomeada em homenagem a Eveline Marcus, Flabellina evelinae.
Ocorrência de uma Haemogregarina (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) em Bufo paracnemis Lutz, 1925
Authors: Kattar Monir Ragel
Published: March 2017

Foram examinadas cem preparações de sangue de Bufo paracnemis, coletados em João Pessoa, Estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Oito exemplares destes anuros mostraram-se portadores de formas parasitas de uma espécie de Haemogregarina "sensu lato". As hemácias habitualmente continham parasitos alongados ou encapsulados. Duplo parasitismo foi diversas vezes observado. Deformação do eritrócito era rara e ocorria guando havia duas cápsulas ou apenas uma hipertrofiada. Duas fêmeas partenogenéticas do carrapato Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844, encontradas sobre a pele de um dos sapos, seriam vetores deste hemoparasito.
A new Isidid octocoral (Coelenterata: Gorgonacea) from the Galapagos rift
Authors: Bayer Frederick M.
Published: March 2017

É descrito e ilustrado um gorgonáceo isidideo novo, coletado pelo submarino de profundidade "Alvin", das proximidades de aberturas hidrotermais ao longo de falha das Galápagos. A espécie caracteriza-se por sua colônia não ramificada e rígida com internodos distais muito longos e cobertos por mesogléia gelatinosa excepcionalmente grossa contendo muito poucos escleritos esparsos. Os antocódios dos pólipos possuem bastões grossos com extremidades rombudas dispostos em oito áreas que se estendem ao longo dos septos e bastões menores e escama nos tentáculos e pínulas. A espécie é dedicada à Dra. Eveline du Bois-Reymond Marcus.
Histomorphological identification of the tinctorial cells in the pituitary gland of Channa punctatus (Bloch)
Authors: Srivastava S. J. , Singh R.
Published: March 2017

Com base nas propriedades tintoriais sete tipos de células foram identificadas na glândula pituitária da Channa punctatus. 0 RPD contém dois tipos de células; células Cl PbH-positiva (ACTH) e células acidofílicas Al (Prolactina). 0 PPD inclui uma célula A2 acidofílica (STH ou G H ) e dois tipos de células cianofilicas C2 e C3 (tireotrópicas e gonadotrópicas). Os cianófilos são PAS, AF e anilina azul positiva. 0 PI possui dois tipos de células: células C4 PbH- positiva (MSH) e células C5 PAS positiva (células sensíveis a Ca++).
Seasonal changes in the pituitary gonadotrops during tha annual reproductive cycle of the Murrel Channa punctatus (Bloch)
Authors: Srivastava S. J. , Singh R.
Published: March 2017

Foram observadas mudanças sazonais na estrutura e comportamento dos hormônios gonadotrópicos pituitários durante o ciclo reprodutivo anual de Channa punctatus. Os hormônios gonadotrópicos demonstram mudanças morfológicas marcantes na forma da granulação, degranulação e vacuolisação com o ciclo sexual sugerindo sua tendência de armazenamento e liberaçào durante atividades gonadais.
Effect of weight loss during pupal stage on the hatching of eggs in Leucinodes orbonalis (Guen) (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera)
Authors: Thipathi S. R. , Singh Arun K.
Published: March 2017

A perda de peso durante o estádio pupal desenvolvido em diferentes plantas hospedeiras foi quase a mesma; mas a taxa de perda de peso diferiu de hospedeiro para hospedeiro. 0 número de ovos depositados pela mariposa foi diferente em hospedeiros diferentes. 0 número de ovos eclodidos também variou de hospedeiro para hospedeiro. Isto mostra que a fertilidade deste inseto foi afetada pela planta hospedeira. A taxa de peso corporal por dia durante o estágio pupal foi inversamente proporcional aos ovos subsequentemente eclodidos.
Bivalves e gastrópodes do Saco da Ribeira, Ubatuba - São Paulo. II. Avaliação das alterações ocorridas na taxocenose dos bivalves da Praia do Saco da Ribeira
Authors: Lopes Sônia Godoy Bueno Carvalho , Schaeffer-Novelli Yara
Published: March 2017

Alterações biológicas que ocorreram durante os anos de 1972 a 1980 na Praia do Saco da Ribeira, Ubatuba, Estado de são Paulo, Brasil (23º30'S e 45°07'W) são discutidas, comparando-se os resultados obtidos no presente estudo, comaqueles obtidos por outros autores para a mesma localidade. A análise dessas alterações foi feita levando-se em consideração apenas a taxocenose dos bivalves. Os resultados obtidos indicam: alteração na associação das espéciesdominantes (Anomalocardia brasiliana e Tellina lineata continuam presentes, enquanto que Macoma cleryana e Iphigenia brasiliensis desapareceram); não houve alteração na densidade de A. brasiliana, enquanto que a de T. lineataquase duplicou; o número de espécies raras aumentou de 6 para 21; a estrutura espacial de A. brasiliana passou de casual para agregada na região de areia branca da praia; houve redução no número de indivíduos de maior tamanho de A. brasiliana; houve redução nos índices de diversidade e de equidade. Os dados indicam que a estrutura da taxocenose de bivalves mudou. Não foi possível associar essa mudança às variáveis ambientais conhecidas para a área em estudo. Essa mudança pode estar relacionada a perturbações ecológicas queestão ocorrendo na área, facilmente observáveis, mas de difícil mensuração.
Ultimobranchial body of freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis
Authors: Singh Sarita , Srivastav Ajai K.
Published: March 2017

0 presente estudo refere-se aos detalhes do corpo utimobranquial de Heteropneustes fossilis. A glândula está localizada no intersepto entre as cavidades pericárdicas e abdominais. A glândula geralmente consiste de um parênquimasólido o qual é composto de cordões celulares. Algumas vezes, foram vistos também folículos.
Review of robber flies of the genus Stichopogon Loew (Diptera: Asilidae: Stichopogoninae) from Egypt
Authors: EL-HASSAN GAWHARA M.M. ABU , BADRAWY HAITHAM B.M. , ALLAH SOHAIR M. GAD , SOLIMAN AHMED M. , SALAMA MOHAMED S. , MOHAMMAD SALWA K.
Published: March 2017

The Egyptian fauna of the asilid genus Stichopogon Loew is revised. Nine species are recognized including two new records, Stichopogon deserti Theodor, 1980 and S. scaliger Loew, 1847. A key to species, lists of material examined and their distribution are included. The occurrence of S. maroccanus in Egypt is discussed and clarified.
Morphological and molecular evidence for a new species of freshwater crab of the genus Sudanonautes Bott, 1955 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) from Cameroon, with notes on its ecology
Authors: NDONGO PIERRE A. MVOGO , SCHUBART CHRISTOPH D. , RINTELEN THOMAS VON , TAMESSE JOSEPH L. , CUMBERLIDGE NEIL
Published: March 2017

A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Sudanonautes Bott, 1955, is described from the tropical rainforests of Edea and Tiko in southern Cameroon, Central Africa. Sudanonautes tiko n. sp. is recognized by a unique combination of characters of the carapace, thoracic sternum, chelipeds, and male first gonopod, and by distinct mtDNA sequences for two loci (COI and 16S rRNA). A diagnosis, illustrations, and a tree of phylogenetic relationships based on mtDNA sequences are provided, along with a comparison to similar species from the region. Brief notes are provided on the ecology of the new species and of three other species of Sudanonautes collected during this study.
Effects of Water-Table Configuration on the Planetary Boundary Layer over the San Joaquin River Watershed, California
Authors: Gilbert James M. , Maxwell Reed M. , Gochis David J.
Published: March 2017

The boundary layer, land surface, and subsurface are important coevolving components of hydrologic systems. While previous studies have examined the connections between soil moisture, groundwater, and the atmosphere, the atmospheric response to regional water-table drawdown has received less attention. To address this question, a coupled hydrologic–atmospheric model [Parallel Flow hydrologic model (ParFlow) and WRF] was used to simulate the San Joaquin River watershed of central California. This study focuses specifically on the planetary boundary layer (PBL) in simulations with two imposed water-table configurations: a high water table mimicking natural conditions and a lowered water table reflecting historic groundwater extraction in California’s Central Valley, although effect of irrigation was not simulated. An ensemble of simulations including three boundary layer schemes and six initial conditions was performed for both water-table conditions to assess conceptual and initial condition uncertainty. Results show that increased regional water-table depth is associated with a significant increase in peak PBL height for both initial condition and boundary layer scheme conditions, although the choice of scheme interacts to affect the magnitude of peak PBL height change. Analysis of simulated land surface fluxes shows the change in PBL height can be attributed to decreasing midday evaporative fraction under lowered water-table conditions. Furthermore, the sensitivity of PBL height to changes in water-table depth appears to depend on local water-table variation within 10 m of the land surface and the regional average water-table depth. Finally, soil moisture changes associated with lowered water tables are linked to changes in PBL circulation as indicated by vertical winds and turbulence kinetic energy.
Analysis of a Lower-Tropospheric Gravity Wave Train Using Direct and Remote Sensing Measurement Systems
Authors: Toms Benjamin A. , Tomaszewski Jessica M. , Turner David D. , Koch Steven E.
Published: March 2017

On 10 August 2014, a gravity wave complex generated by convective outflow propagated across much of Oklahoma. The four-dimensional evolution of the wave complex was analyzed using a synthesis of near-surface and vertical observations from the Oklahoma Mesonet and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains networks. Two Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometers (AERI)—one located at the ARM SGP central facility in Lamont, Oklahoma, and the other in Norman, Oklahoma—were used in concert with a Doppler wind lidar (DWL) in Norman to determine the vertical characteristics of the wave complex. Hydraulic theory was applied to the AERI-derived observations to corroborate the observationally derived wave characteristics.

It was determined that a bore-soliton wave packet initially formed when a density current interacted with a nocturnal surface-based inversion and eventually propagated independently as the density current became diffuse. The soliton propagated within an elevated inversion, which was likely induced by ascending air at the leading edge of the bore head. Bore and density current characteristics derived from the observations agreed with hydraulic theory estimates to within a relative difference of 15%. While the AERI did not accurately resolve the postbore elevated inversion, an error propagation analysis suggested that uncertainties in the AERI and DWL observations had a negligible influence on the findings of this study.
Comparison of composite damage growth tools for fatigue behavior of notched composite laminates
Authors: Engelstad SP , Clay SB
Published: March 2017

This paper provides overall comparisons of the fatigue results of an Air Force Research Laboratory exploration into the state of the art of existing technology in composite progressive damage analysis. This program performed blind and recalibration benchmarking exercises for nine different composite progressive damage analysis codes using unnotched and open-hole composite coupons under both static and fatigue loading. This paper summarizes the results of the fatigue portion of this program in which seven of the codes were evaluated. Comparisons are made herein for all seven participants’ predictions with the test data. Overall percent error data are presented, as well as a long list of observations and lessons learned during this year-long effort.
Self-Actualization and the Tragedy of Beauty
Authors: Howell Brittany M. , Diessner Rhett , Robinson Rachel M.
Published: March 2017

A tragedy of beauty has occurred in Western culture and perhaps worldwide: The importance of beauty for a flourishing and self-actualizing life is largely going unnoticed by both the general public and by psychologists. Philosophers, sacred scriptures, and a range of empirical findings point to the centrality of engaging with beauty for a meaningful life and suggest engagement with beauty as a means of pursuing self-actualization. However, not only American culture but humanistic psychologists have severely undervalued the fulfillment of aesthetic needs and a life engaged by beauty. We examined the relationship between the Engagement with Beauty Scale and the Short Index of Self-Actualization ( N = 252). Very small, nonsignificant correlations were found between the Short Index of Self-Actualization and engagement with natural beauty, engagement with artistic beauty, and engagement with moral beauty. This indicates that persons high in self-actualization have no more interest in beauty than those low in self-actualization; this implies that those in our sample do not take the importance of beauty into account as they make choices to grow as a person. We conclude that American culture has been infected by a tragedy of beauty, which is a serious impediment toward fully self-actualizing, and to moving toward self-transcendence.
When a suicide becomes a forensic enigma: The role of hanging marks and tools of suspension
Authors: Gratteri Santo , Ricci Pietrantonio , Tarzia Pietro , Fineschi Vittorio , Sacco Matteo A , Aquila Isabella
Published: March 2017

Death by hanging is asphyxiation when the body is suspended by means of a ligature. Most deaths by hanging are suicides, though occasionally they are accidental or a homicidal event. The characteristics of the hanging marks depend on the ligature used, the dynamics and on the node position with respect to the neck. When the crime scene is contaminated, the hanging mark must be checked with the type of suspension and ligatures used to establish how the hangings took place. We report on 20 cases (2013–2016) where the bodies were moved at or from the crime scene. We analysed the features of hanging marks, the tools of suspension and the ligatures employed in each case. Judicial inspections and an external examination were also carried out. Analysis of hanging marks enables the pathologist to clarify the manner of death and the type of hanging, and tools used especially where the crime scene has been contaminated and the body has been moved.
Effects of Youth Participation in Extra-Curricular Sport Programs on Perceived Self-Efficacy: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Reverdito Riller S. , Carvalho Humberto M. , Galatti Larissa R. , Scaglia Alcides J. , Gonçalves Carlos E. , Paes Roberto R.
Published: March 2017

The present study examined extracurricular sport participation variables and developmental context in relationship to perceived self-efficacy among underserved adolescents. Participants ( n = 821, 13.6 ± 1.5 years) completed the Youth Experience in Sport questionnaire and General Self-Efficacy Scale. We used the Human Development Index (HDI) to characterize developmental contexts. Multilevel regression models were used to explore the relative contributions of age, sex, years of participation in extracurricular sport, HDI, and perceived positive experience in sport. Our results highlight that positive experience alone and in interaction with length of participation in the program fostered perceived self-efficacy. Participants from higher HDI contexts remained longer in the program. An implication of our research is that variables linked to positive sport experiences and perceived self-efficacy can be used as markers to evaluate the outcomes and impact of sport participation programs aimed at promoting positive youth development.
Connecting as “Family” in Educative Relationships: Insights From a Media Program Serving Hmong Immigrant Youth
Authors: Ngo Bic , Dyke Erin , LoBello Jana
Published: March 2017

This article draws on an ethnographic study of a media program serving Hmong immigrant youth to illuminate perspectives and practices of teaching and learning that draw on Hmong culture’s emphasis on family and collectivism. Our explication is guided by the following question: How do a Hmong adult youth program advisor and Hmong youth connect as “family” in an educative relationship? It reveals insight for understanding the ways in which low-income, immigrant youth may be supported within educational contexts imbued by an intimacy and reciprocity that revalues the social and cultural dimensions of their lives. The article significantly advances research on the ways in which educators who share with youth the same racialized identity, neighborhood, and community construct learning environments.
Glutamine Administration in Early or Late Septic Phase Downregulates Lymphocyte PD‐1/PD‐L1 Expression and the Inflammatory Response in Mice With Polymicrobial Sepsis
Authors: Hu Ya‐Mei , Hsiung Yuan‐Chin , Pai Man‐Hui , Yeh Sung‐Ling
Published: March 2017

Background: Sepsis is a severe inflammatory response to infection. Excessive compensation to inflammation leads to dysregulated immune response that ultimately results in organ damage and lethality of sepsis. This study administered glutamine (GLN) in the early or late phase of sepsis to investigate its effects on regulating leukocyte programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) and its ligand (programmed cell death ligand 1 [PD‐L1]) expression, macrophage function, inflammation, and acute kidney injury in sepsis. Methods: Mice were randomly assigned to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham‐operated groups. Septic mice were respectively injected once with saline or 0.75 g GLN/kg body weight at 3 or 10 hours post‐CLP via tail vein. All mice were sacrificed 24 hours after CLP. Results: Sepsis enhanced the percentage of interferon‐γ–expressing and interleukin (IL)‐17A–expressing CD4+ T cells, expression of PD‐1 on T cells, and PD‐L1 on B cells and monocytes. Inflammatory mediator messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in kidney tissues and proapoptotic caspase‐3 mRNA expression in mesenteric lymph nodes were also upregulated. GLN administration decreased plasma IL‐6 level, downregulated the percentage of IL‐17A–expressing CD4+ T cells, attenuated macrophage dysfunction, decreased caspase‐3 mRNA expression, and reduced PD‐1/PD‐L1 expression by T and B cells. Histological findings also showed that kidney damage was attenuated. GLN administered at 3 and 10 hours after CLP offered nearly equal effects on PD‐1/PD‐L1 and inflammatory mediator expression after CLP. Conclusions: These findings suggest that a single dose of GLN administration in either the early or late phase during sepsis promotes a more balanced immune regulation and reduced systemic and kidney inflammatory responses in mice.
Mortality Benefits of Vitamin A Are Not Affected by Varying Frequency, Total Dose, or Duration of Supplementation
Authors: Kranz Sarah , Pimpin Laura , Fawzi Wafaie , Duggan Christopher , Webb Patrick , Mozaffarian Dariush
Published: March 2017

Background:

Although vitamin A supplementation reduces child mortality, it remains unclear whether dosing frequency, total dose, or duration modifies effectiveness.

Objective:

Determine whether mortality effects of vitamin A vary by dosing frequency, total dose, or duration.

Methods:

Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, identified by systematic review and expert opinion, utilizing relatively standard World Health Organization doses in children <5 years. Meta-regression evaluated whether mortality effects varied by dosing frequency, total dose, or supplementation duration.

Results:

Identified 17 trials, including 1,180,718 children, mean (standard deviation [SD]) age 31.5 (15.4) months at baseline. Supplementation frequency ranged every 3 months-every 2 years, supplementation duration 4-60 months (mean = 15.4; SD = 12.8), and total dose 134,361-2,200,000 IU (mean = 667,132 IU; SD = 540,795). Compared with control, vitamin A reduced mortality 22% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10-32; P = 0.002). This protective effect was not modified by increasing supplementation frequency (dose/year: relative risk [RR] = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.98-1.06; P = .22), total dose (per 200,000 IU: RR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.97-1.06; P = .31), nor supplementation duration (per year: RR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.97-1.15; P = 0.14). Multivariate meta-regression showed similar results. Sensitivity analyses excluding 1 controversial trial (Aswathi 2013) did not alter findings.

Conclusion:

Results confirm benefits of vitamin A supplementation in children <5 years in nations with vitamin A deficiency, without influence of frequency, total dose, or dosing duration within ranges evaluated. These findings inform design and efficiency of vitamin A supplementation policies.
Professional gestures: A museum educator at work
Authors: Jorro Anne , Gacogne Marie-Josée , Al Khatib Jamila , Ramsamy-Prat Padma
Published: March 2017

The present research is aimed at analyzing the professional gestures of a museum educator in a specific situation: the demonstration of the Foucault Pendulum in the Arts et Métiers Museum in Paris. What professional gestures can give him the ability to present this object to a mixed audience in a museum space open to visitor circulation? How does he manage to capture the attention of his audience and make scientific knowledge accessible? Does the educator work like a teacher? Such are the questions that the research team had in mind and which allowed them to conceive the scientific museum educator’s action from the point of view of professional gestures.
Degradation of recycled flame-retardant GFPBT during extrusion: Effect of screw types on the extrudate properties
Authors: Peng HQ , Yan JH , Zhang SD , Mo WJ
Published: March 2017

For both environmental and economic consideration, the use of recycled glass fiber-reinforced flame retardant poly(butylene terephthalate) (RGFFRPBT) is of significant importance. In the study, the mechanical, thermal, rheological, and flame retardant properties of RGFFRPBT granulated by different extruders were evaluated. To explore the relationship between the screw structure and the properties of the extruded RGFFRPBT, the carboxyl content (CC), and intrinsic viscosity ([Formula: see text]) of the processed polymer and the average GF length ([Formula: see text]) were investigated. Increasing the shear force of the extruder caused both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to decrease, whereas the CC increase. Variations of these parameters had a different effect on the properties of the RGFFRPBT. Both of mechanical and thermal properties of extruded RGFFRPBT deteriorated with the increase of screw shear force, while the thermal flowability improved. Furthermore, all the extruded products were classified as V-0 with LOI of 32.2%, and passed the glow wire ignition temperature test (GWIT). The results confirmed that the degradation of properties of RGFFRPBT can be controlled by screw-type extrusion. RGFFRPBT granulated by a single screw extruder with 30 mm diameter and length to diameter ratio of 30 was found to produce material with properties meeting the requirements for electronic and electrical applications.
When Investment in Basic Skills Gives Negative Returns
Authors: Billington Mary Genevieve , Nissinen Kari , Gabrielsen Egil
Published: March 2017

In recent years, the Norwegian government has invested heavily in improving basic skills in the adult population. Initiatives have included legislation, the introduction of work-based adult education programs, and reforms in schooling. In light of this investment, we explore trends in adult literacy and numeracy, by comparing data from two international surveys of adult skills, conducted in 2003 and 2012. Paradoxically, the proportion of low-performing adults appears to have increased, most significantly in the 16- to 24-year age group and in the foreign-born population. The profile of the lowest performing group has changed in the intervening years. These findings suggest that adult education programs and the education system more generally may not be in concord with the goal of including all in the communities of the literate. We discuss policy implications, in the context of the Scandinavian model, but argue that the discussion is applicable beyond national boundaries.
Effects of Stress on Critical Care Nurses: A National Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vahedian-Azimi Amir , Hajiesmaeili Mohammadreza , Kangasniemi Mari , Fornés-Vives Joana , Hunsucker Rita L. , Rahimibashar Farshid , Pourhoseingholi Mohammad A. , Farrokhvar Leily , Miller Andrew C.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Health care is a demanding field, with a high level of responsibility and exposure to emotional and physical danger. High levels of stress may result in depression, anxiety, burnout syndrome, and in extreme cases, post-traumatic stress disorder. The aim of this study was to determine which personal, professional, and organizational variables are associated with greater perceived stress among critical care nurses for purposes of developing integrative solutions to decrease stress in the future.

Methods:

We conducted a correlation research survey using a cross-sectional design and an in-person survey method. The questionnaire consisted of 2 parts: (1) socioeconomic, professional, and institutional variables and (2) work stressors. Surveys were conducted between January 1, 2011, and December 1, 2015. Multistage cluster random sampling was utilized for data collection. Inclusion criteria were (1) age ≥18 years, (2) registered nurse, (3) works in the intensive care unit (ICU), and (4) willing and able to complete the survey.

Results:

We surveyed 21 767 ICU nurses in Iran and found that male sex, lower levels of peer collaboration, working with a supervisor in the unit, nurse–patient ratios, and working in a surgical ICU were positively associated with greater stress levels. Increasing age and married status were negatively associated with stress. Intensive care unit type (semi-closed vs open), ICU bed number, shift time, working on holidays, education level, and demographic factors including body mass index, and number of children were not significantly associated with stress levels.

Conclusion:

As the largest study of its kind, these findings support those found in various European, North, and South American studies. Efforts to decrease workplace stress of ICU nurses by focusing on facilitating peer collaboration, improving resource availability, and staffing ratios are likely to show the greatest impact on stress levels.
Patients’ experiences of lupus-related foot problems: a qualitative investigation
Authors: Williams A E , Blake A , Cherry L , Alcacer-Pitarch B , Edwards C J , Hopkinson N , Vital E M J , Teh L S
Published: March 2017

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can present with a variety of symptoms. Previous research has shown there is a high prevalence of lower limb and foot problems in patients with SLE associated with the musculoskeletal, vascular and neurological changes. Furthermore, there is a high prevalence of infections affecting the feet and a range of common skin and nail problems. However, it is not known how these foot problems impact upon people’s lives. Therefore, we aimed to explore this using a qualitative approach.

Method

Following ethical approval, 12 participants were recruited who had a diagnosis of SLE, current and/or past experience of foot problems and were over 18 years in age. Following consent, interviews were carried out with an interpretivist phenomenological approach to both data collection and analysis.

Results

Seven themes provide insight into: foot problems and symptoms; the impact of these foot problems and symptoms on activities; disclosure and diagnosis of foot problems; treatment of foot problems and symptoms; perceived barriers to professional footcare; unanswered questions about feet and footcare; and identification of the need for professional footcare and footcare advice.

Conclusion

These participants tend to “self-treat” rather than disclose that they may need professional footcare. A lack of focus upon foot health within a medical consultation is attributed to the participant’s belief that it is not within the doctor’s role, even though it is noted to contribute to reduced daily activity. There is a need for feet to be included as a part of patient monitoring and for foot health management to be made accessible for people with SLE.
Aspirin in Older Adults
Authors: Sehgal Mandi , Wood Sarah K. , Ouslander Joseph G. , Hennekens Charles H.
Published: March 2017

In the treatment or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), there is general consensus that the absolute benefits of aspirin far outweigh the absolute risks. Despite evidence from randomized trials and their meta-analyses, older adults, defined as aged 65 years or older, are less likely to be prescribed aspirin than their middle-aged counterparts. In primary prevention, the optimal utilization of aspirin is widely debated. There is insufficient randomized evidence among apparently healthy participants at moderate to high risk of a first CVD event, so general guidelines seem premature. Among older adults, randomized data are even more sparse but trials are ongoing. Further, older adults commonly take multiple medications due to comorbidities, which may increase deleterious interactions and side effects. Older adults have higher risks of occlusive events as well as bleeding. All these considerations support the need for individual clinical judgments in prescribing aspirin in the context of therapeutic lifestyle changes and other adjunctive drug therapies. These include statins for lipids and usually multiple drugs to achieve control of high blood pressure. As regards aspirin, the clinician should weigh the absolute benefit on occlusion against the absolute risk of bleeding. These issues should be considered with each patient to facilitate an informed and person-centered individual clinical judgment. The use of aspirin in primary prevention is particularly attractive because the drug is generally over the counter and, for developing countries where CVD is becoming the leading cause of death, is extremely inexpensive. The more widespread use of aspirin in older adults with prior CVD will confer net benefits to risks and even larger net benefits to costs in the United States as well as other developed and developing countries. In primary prevention among older adults, individual clinical judgments should be made by the health-care professional and each of his or her patients.
#TheFappening
Authors: Moloney Mairead Eastin , Love Tony P.
Published: March 2017

Using an interactionist framework, we analyze publicly available data from Twitter to track real-time reactions to the widely publicized celebrity nude photo hacking of 2014 (“The Fappening”). We ask: “Related to The Fappening, what manhood acts are employed in virtual social space?” Using search terms for “fappening” or “#thefappening,” we collected 100 tweets per hour from August 31 to October 1, 2014 (Average: 1,700/day). Coding and qualitative analyses of a subsample of tweets ( N = 9,750) reveal four virtual manhood acts commonly employed to claim elevated status in the heterosexist hierarchy and reproduce gendered inequality. These acts include (1) creation of homosocial, heterosexist space; (2) sexualization of women; (3) signaling possession of a heterosexual, male body; and (4) humor as a tool of oppression. This article introduces the concept of “virtual manhood acts” and contributes to growing understandings of the reproduction of manhood and the oppression of women in online social spaces.
Landscape of MS patient cohorts and registries: Recommendations for maximizing impact
Authors: Bebo Bruce F , Fox Robert J , Lee Karen , Utz Ursula , Thompson Alan J
Published: March 2017

Background:

There is a growing number of cohorts and registries collecting phenotypic and genotypic data from groups of multiple sclerosis patients. Improved awareness and better coordination of these efforts is needed.

Objective:

The purpose of this report is to provide a global landscape of the major longitudinal MS patient data collection efforts and share recommendations for increasing their impact.

Methods:

A workshop that included over 50 MS research and clinical experts from both academia and industry was convened to evaluate how current and future MS cohorts could be better used to provide answers to urgent questions about progressive MS.

Results:

The landscape analysis revealed a significant number of largely uncoordinated parallel studies. Strategic oversight and direction is needed to streamline and leverage existing and future efforts. A number of recommendations for enhancing these efforts were developed.

Conclusions:

Better coordination, increased leverage of evolving technology, cohort designs that focus on the most important unanswered questions, improved access, and more sustained funding will be needed to close the gaps in our understanding of progressive MS and accelerate the development of effective therapies.
The ATLAS school-based health promotion programme
Authors: van Dongen Bonnie , Finn Tara , Hansen Vibeke , Wagemakers Annemarie , Lubans David , Dally Kerry
Published: March 2017

Adolescent boys living in disadvantaged communities are considered a vulnerable group at risk for developing obesity and associated health problems, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension and type-2 diabetes. While short-term health promotion programmes often produce effective results during the implementation of the intervention, according to self-determination theory (SDT), changes in autonomous motivation are required if programmes are to have sustained effects on health behaviours. This article describes the ATLAS (Active Teen Leaders Avoiding Screen-time) programme, based on SDT, which was developed to engage adolescent boys from low socio-economic backgrounds in physical activity, reduce their consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and limit recreational screen-time. The article reports a post-hoc analysis of the perceptions and experiences of a representative group of ATLAS participants to investigate whether the boys’ general impressions of the programme reflected the need-supportive teaching strategies on which the programme was based. The results of this analysis suggested that students’ comments about increased feelings of autonomy, competence and relatedness were often linked to corresponding need-supportive teacher behaviours. The findings suggest that embedding health promotion programmes in a need-supportive context can help to foster the motivation and self-regulation that is required to maintain newly adopted healthier behaviours.