bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Evaluation in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma – A Cross Sectional Study of 78 Cases in a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala
Authors: Muraleedharan Arya Puthukkat , Krishnankutty Prabhalakshmy Kuzhikkattil
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND In the evaluation of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), determination of bone marrow involvement is an integral part of staging work up. Peripheral blood counts and examination of blood smears are also done in patients with lymphoma as part of pre-treatment investigations. METHODS A cross sectional study of 78 patients with a prior histopathological diagnosis of NHL was conducted. Peripheral blood counts were performed on an automated haematology analyser to look for various cytopenias. Peripheral blood smears and bone marrow aspirate (BMA) / imprint smears were examined in detail for atypical lymphoid cells. Bone marrow trephine biopsies of these patients were studied to assess the NHL involvement and the various patterns of involvement. Adjuvant immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed in bone marrow biopsies with scant cellularity or crush artefact to discern the marrow involvement. RESULTS Bone marrow trephine biopsy showed involvement by lymphoma in 65.4 % cases. The incidence of involvement was higher in B-cell lymphomas, especially in low grade types. The predominant pattern of involvement was interstitial pattern (41.2 %). Discordant histology between bone marrow and the primary anatomic site was found in 7.8 % of the cases, which was seen more in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Majority of the patients with bone marrow infiltration by NHL had anaemia (84.3 %). Bicytopenia and pancytopenia were also observed. On peripheral blood smear examination atypical lymphoid cells were present in 23 % cases. CONCLUSIONS Bone marrow examination is an important aspect in the diagnosis of NHL, because of its both prognostic and therapeutic implications. Hence, the presence of atypical lymphoid cells and other changes in the peripheral blood should be detected in these patients. KEYWORDS Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Bone Marrow Biopsy, Bone Marrow Aspirate / Imprint, Peripheral Blood Smear, Atypical Lymphoid Cells
A Rural Hospital-Based Study on Temporal Bone Pathologies by High Resolution Computed Tomography from Bangalore, Karnataka
Authors: Boney Lilly , Pandith Manasa
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND The tympanic cavity is susceptible to infection by viruses and bacteria through the Eustachian tube, thereby making ear pathologies and particularly middle ear inflammatory conditions a frequent reason to consult an otorhinolaryngologist. With the advent of High-Resolution Computed Tomography, diagnosis of the middle ear anatomy, pathology and its complications if any, could be made out with better precision by providing a direct visual window by providing minute structural details. The aim of the study was to assess temporal bone pathologies that could be evaluated by HRCT study of the temporal bone in a rural hospital based setup and correlate if possible with surgical/histopathological findings. METHODS The study was a retrospective study done in M.V.J Medical College and Research Hospital, Bangalore amongst 50 patients from February 2020 to January 2021 who underwent HRCT of the temporal bone and relevant statistics were drawn from these cases. After local examination, clinical evaluation and consent, CT scan was performed. Follow-up of patients was done for confirmation with operative and/or histopathological findings whenever possible. All the data obtained were recorded in a tabulated form and analysed on MS Excel. RESULTS Amongst 50 patients, infective aetiology was found to be the most common cause, of which chronic otomastoiditis was the most common, followed by chronic Cholesteatoma, otitis media, chronic mastoiditis, and otitis externa. Amongst the congenital aetiology, we had 1 case each of osteoma, facial nerve involvement, microtia and inner ear dysplasia. Amongst the traumatic cases, longitudinal type of fracture was the most common type, followed by transverse and mixed fractures with hemotympanum being the most common HRCT finding. CONCLUSIONS HRCT of the temporal bone helps in accurate assessment of infective, congenital, traumatic and neoplastic aetiologies and helps the otologist understand the disease's extent and aid in surgery. KEYWORDS High-Resolution Computed Tomography, HRCT, Temporal bone, Radiology
Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Metformin - A Cross-Sectional Study from Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra
Authors: Lala Kunal , Lala Divya , Duggad Saurabh
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Metformin is reported to induce vitamin B12 deficiency and distinguishing peripheral neuropathy due to vitamin B12 deficiency from diabetic peripheral neuropathy can be challenging. The present study was conducted to assess and compare the clinical presentation of diabetic patients taking metformin with those not taking metformin using Toronto clinical scoring system (TCSS). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 60 patients with diabetes mellitus, 30 patients on metformin therapy (at least 6 months) and 30 patients not on metformin use. Clinical presentation of the patients was assessed using the TCSS. Patients were diagnosed according to the American diabetic association criteria. RESULTS The mean age of the patients in metformin and non-metformin group was 57.27 ± 9.38 and 58.63 ± 10.27 years respectively. Gender distribution was observed to be similar in both the study groups. Mean duration of diabetes mellitus was found to be similar in both the study groups (5.4 ± 1.01 vs 5.2 ± 1.27 years) and duration of peripheral neuropathy was also found to be similar in the two study groups (3.2 ± 1.6 vs 3.3 ± 1.5 years). Numbness was observed in maximum number of cases in both study groups. It was seen in 100 % (n = 30) patients on metformin drug while in 90 % (n = 27) patients without metformin. Pain accounts to be approximately 77 % (n = 23) and 24 % (n = 7) in patients on metformin and without metformin. Neuropathic symptoms and neuropathic reflex scoring appear to be higher common in patients on metformin as compared to those without metformin. Mean pain score was found to be significantly higher among patients on metformin as compared to those not on metformin (8.43 ± 2.13 vs 4.03 ± 3.13; P value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that patients on metformin for diabetes mellitus experience higher neuropathic symptoms as compared to those not taking metformin. KEYWORDS Diabetes Mellitus, Metformin, Peripheral Neuropathy, Vitamin B12
Anaesthetic Management of a Super Morbid Obese Patient
Authors: Jalaja Lekshmi Raj , Lohia Stuti , Bentur Priyadarsini , Ramgiri Ravi
Published: September 2021

‘Obesity’ is defined as a condition with excess body fat to the extent that health and well-being are adversely affected and uses a class system based on the body mass index (BMI), by the world health organization (WHO). Anaesthetic management of morbidly obese is challenging, as there is an increased risk of perioperative respiratory insufficiency and supplemental oxygen must be given throughout recovery period. The incidence of morbid obesity continues to grow and anaesthesiologists are exposed to obese patients presenting for various procedures. The prevalence of obesity is on the upward trend worldwide. Obesity is a multisystem disorder, involving the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and therefore, undergoing a surgical procedure under anaesthesia may entail a considerable risk. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach is required in treating such patients. Quantification of the extent of obesity is done using the body mass index. BMI is defined as the relationship between weight and height (weight [kg] / height2 [m2 ]).
Acute Appendicitis - Study of Role of Ultrasound and CT Scan in Decision Making for Surgery in a Tertiary Care Government Hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Kumar Jainendra , Komal Akriti
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Acute appendicitis (AA) is one of the commonest causes of acute abdominal emergencies. Accurate diagnosis and earlier surgery is imperative in such cases. Ultrasonography (US), and computed tomography (CT), are main stays accurate diagnosis of this disease. This study was conducted to compare the accuracy of US and CT in the diagnosis of AA and reduce number of negative appendectomies. METHODS This prospective study was done after approval from institutional ethical committee and obtaining written consent. 164 patients with clinical features suggestive of AA, were selected from emergency department of Patna Medical College, Patna India during the period from January 2019 to December 2020. 98 were males and 66 females, mean age being 18.08 years. 142 patents (86.58 %) underwent surgery, and 22 patients (13.41 %) were kept on clinical observation in hospital after imaging. After detailed clinical workup and laboratory investigations, all patients were subjected to both US and CT examination. Each patient was reevaluated clinically, and a clinical correlation was done between both sets of results. Based on these, final decision was made. Accuracy was decided based on intra-operative findings in appendectomy group and were correlated with imaging findings later with histopathologic findings. RESULTS Males outnumbered females, abdominal pain was present in 100%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy of US in diagnosis of AA in our study were 92.6 %, 76.4 %, 95.3%, 71.0% and 88.9 % respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy of CT in diagnosis of AA were 99.1 %, 90.5 %, 98.6%, 87.8% and 97.8 % respectively. CONCLUSIONS US should be the first-line imaging modality as it is free from radiation. CT is recommended as additional imaging tool to raise accuracy in diagnosis except in pregnancy and selected pediatric patients. KEYWORDS Acute Appendicitis, Computed Tomography, Ultrasound
Introduction of Flipped Class Room Teaching Method for Undergraduate Students of Surgery in Assam Medical College - A Prospective Study
Authors: Brahma Rocket Chandra , Emanee Syed Yasin Shahtaz
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Higher education including medical education has been shifting towards more active and learner centric strategies. The flipped classroom (FCR) is basically student centered where as traditional teaching is teacher centered. Educationists and researchers have been debating about the pros of flipped classroom for over a decade and it is believed that flipping the classroom helps in inculcating the habit of self learning among the learners, leading to refinement of their analysis and synthesis skills. There are very limited data available regarding FCR teaching method especially surgery subject. Hence, this study was planned to introduce flipped class room among medical undergraduates in surgery. METHODS A prospective and observational study of 110 student selected out of 115 was carried out. Topics were selected from common surgical topics – cholelithiasis (2 classes) and appendicitis (1 class). Pre class activities were intimated digitally. In class and post class activities, student and teacher perceptions were measured and evaluated using standard statistical techniques. RESULTS 58 : 52 (Male : Female) students were included. Among them, 70 agreed & 10 strongly agreed that proper and clear instructions were provided, pre-class reading materials and similarly 80 agreed & 16 strongly agreed that adequate reading material was provided. 60 agreed that it was useful method in understanding and 10 strongly agreed that they learnt better but 36 felt neutral. Regarding faculty perception on if they would prefer flipped classroom over other teaching method: 12 agreed, 4 strongly agreed and 4 were neutral. Students suggested less text, more videos, and the use of FCR for selected topics. CONCLUSIONS Flipped classroom is an innovative method for medical education and should be incorporated in the curriculum. More studies, newer performance indicators and methods of implementation are needed to fine tune its technique and mode of delivery. KEYWORDS Flipped Classroom, Medical Education
Household Preparedness for Public Health Emergencies among Urban Communities of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India - A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Christian Donald S. , Shukla Rujul P. , Sutariya Hardik J. , Patel Yash R.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Public health emergencies including a disaster are inevitable. Moreover, the vulnerability and health impacts are more profound in urban densely populated dwellings. Household preparedness for public health emergencies need to be focused to minimize the morbidity and mortality associated with such situations. METHODS An urban community, situated in field practice area of a tertiary care teaching institute of Ahmedabad, Gujarat was approached for a cross-sectional study through door to door structured interviews. A pre-designed questionnaire was administered to assess the knowledge as well as preparedness for public health emergencies among the respondents. The adult representative family member from each of the selected households formed the sampling unit. Statistical tests of association and logistic regression analysis were used to find our relationship between household preparedness and some of the independent factors. RESULTS From a total of 405 households, majority of the respondents were male (65.7 %), married (92.1 %), having secondary level education (43.7 %) and belonged to socio-economic class IV (37.8 %). Only 44 % of the respondents had experienced any form of public health emergency in the past and only 14.6 % had an experience of relief work. “Flash floods following heavy rains” and “earthquake” were the commonest disaster experienced by the respondents. None of the surveyed households had first aid kit or a fire-extinguisher. Majority of the respondents (N = 280, 69.1 %) were aware of emergency contact numbers in case of public health emergencies. The overall household level preparedness was only 12.59 %. Perceived susceptibility to public health emergencies and household preparedness had significant statistical associations with education, occupation, type of house and socio-economic class. CONCLUSIONS Education, occupation, and social class play roles in both perception as well as household preparedness for public health emergencies. A very low level of preparedness and their possible factors should be addressed through adequate channels so that the damage due to such emergencies could be minimized. KEYWORDS Disaster, Household Preparedness, Public Health Emergency, Urban Community
Tradición, vanguardia y glocalización: investigación y reflexiones sobre artesanía contemporánea desde la Cátedra de Innovación en Artesanía
Authors: García López Ana
Published: September 2021

La crisis del COVID-19 del año 2020 nos ha posicionado de lleno frente a lo que ya se argumentaba como un cambio de paradigma en el sector de la artesanía que se ve abocado a identificar aquellas oportunidades de desarrollo que ya estaban pendientes de resolver. La investigación desde el estamento universitario es crucial para empujar a la artesanía a la vanguardia, conectando de modo glocal la identidad de las comunidades (pensar global, actuar local), la transdisciplinariedad y la transferencia del conocimiento al tejido social y empresarial, bajo paradigmas de economía circular y sostenibilidad. La Universidad de Granada, con la creación de la Cátedra de Innovación en Artesanía, Diseño y Arte asume la investigación en artesanía aportando un gran nutriente de innovación al sector artesano, en transferencia del conocimiento y en I+D desde diversas áreas de conocimiento.
De arte(sanías) y etnias: Cestería Kaingang, producción y significado
Authors: Machado Dill Fernanda , Barretto Margarita
Published: September 2021

Las artesanías Kaingang son el principal elemento de subsistencia, sustentabilidad ambiental y afirmación cultural de la comunidad indígena Aldeia Kondá (Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brasil). Visitas exploratorias, historia oral y observación participante fueron las estrategias de investigación. La producción de canastos Kaingang garantiza una fuente ambientalmente sostenible de renta para las familias, y de expresión artística, permitiendo momentos de convivencia intergeneracional, lo que contribuye sobremanera para la continuidad cultural.
Nix y Kassandra: el viaje de la heroína griega a través del videojuego
Authors: García Martín Ruth , Cadiñanos Martínez Begoña
Published: September 2021

El monomito campbelliano del viaje del héroe está ligado principalmente a la figura de un héroe masculino que debe completar una travesía que resulte en una transformación no sólo para sí sino también para la sociedad. Perseo, Hércules o Cadmo son ejemplos de este viaje dentro del mundo griego. Sin embargo, también encontramos ejemplos con heroínas como la argonauta Atalanta o la diosa Deméter. Son, sin embargo, excepciones puesto que las heroínas helenas actúan normalmente a nivel más local, tienen que ver más con la familia, la tradición y orden establecido. Esta idea se puede ver plasmada en las figuras de Penélope o Antígona, que, en momentos de crisis, al carecer de fuerza física, hacen uso de su inteligencia o astucia para llevar a cabo sus planes. En el medio videolúdico el viaje del héroe se ha adaptado con una gran versatilidad y encontramos estos patrones en títulos ambientados en la Hélade. Nikandreos (Apotheon) y Kratos (God of War) son el prototípico héroe masculino que debe superar el viaje del héroe, Nix (NyxQuest) y Kassandra (Assassin’s Creed Odyssey) son dos heroínas que sí tienen su propio viaje de la heroína: la diosa Nix, al igual que Deméter, se lanza a la búsqueda de un ser querido que ha desaparecido y con ello restablece el mundo de las acciones de Helios salvando a la humanidad. Kassandra, por su parte, debe recomponer su fracturada familia mientras intenta eliminar al maligno Culto del Kosmos que intenta corromper y hacerse con el poder global del mundo griego.
Diálogos tipográficos: lo conceptual y la figuración
Authors: Gómez Romero Gerardo
Published: September 2021

El estudio del diseño en sus múltiples manifestaciones se plantea –en casos particulares– a través de antinomias; una confrontación de conceptos opuestos que exponen su significado en asociación de contrastante. A partir del binomio: lo conceptual y la figuración, se establecen reflexiones dialógicas con la configuración conceptual del signo lingüístico y la representación figurativa tipográfica, una antinomia propuesta como estrategia didáctica para la compresión de dos conceptos de uso frecuente en el diseño gráfico y que ahora se expone con los recursos propios de la tipografía. La configuración conceptual se ilustra con diez palabras con las que se dialoga a través de los signos tipográficos para mostrar su significado o alguna de sus acepciones, sin incorporar elementos figurativos que apoyen el significado. Por su parte, la representación tipográfica figurativa postula expresiones con los medios morfológicos de las fuentes tipográficas disponibles en los programas editores de diseño; un nivel de diálogo con el diseño donde el sujeto interpreta la figuración de forma más digerible. En esta última sección se ilustra el concepto de figuración con pasos proyectuales de un solo trabajo. Hasta el momento –al menos en México– no se conoce ningún estudio que aborde la construcción conceptual y la figuración tipográfica en correspondencia epistemológica con las relaciones dialógicas con el diseño, por lo que el presente artículo pretende ser un valioso documento referencial para la comunidad de diseñadores gráficos, comunicadores visuales y el público general.
Expresión metodológica de las relaciones dialógico-semánticas en el diseño
Authors: Vilchis Esquivel Luz del Carmen
Published: September 2021

Este artículo presenta una síntesis de las reflexiones y principios acerca de un proyecto hermenéutico-semiótico del diseño con base en las visiones de la razón filosófica sobre el sentido y la razón crítico dialéctica conocida también como interlenguaje o, desde el campo semántico hermenéutico, razón dialógica. La pertinencia o legitimidad metodológica de esta propuesta radica en la adecuación de la visualidad a las funciones o dimensiones del lenguaje crítico: descriptiva, interpretativa y valorativa. La primera indica lo que se percibe de la realidad, el código formal, su léxico y sintaxis, la segunda descubre otros matices porque se relaciona con el contenido, interroga al objeto que se quiere interpretar cuya comprensión se encuentra en la estructura misma y requiere de conocimientos y medios para descifrar desde lo que suele describirse como intento de entablar una conversación. La tercera es consecuencia ya que todo diálogo antecede a cualquier interpretación y ésta precede a la valoración que conlleva y compulsa los efectos del sentido como carácter icónico de la realidad que transforma el signo expandiendo sus dimensiones simbólicas, indicativas y apelativas. Uno de los principios que se formulan es que el diseño se entiende desde el proceso proyectual en cuyas etapas se manifiesta acciones que definen el sentido arriba mencionado. Este proceso, además de proyectual es comunicativo y en esa secuencia aleatoria se involucran momentos dialógicos y semióticos en vínculos de semiosis en los que se constituyen circunstancias del significar o intercomunicación dialógica. La representación intencionada implica al diseñador y a lo diseñado y se manifiesta en la analogía o noción de semejanza reconociendo lo representado porque se parece al objeto del cual tenemos algún tipo de percepción o lectura. La variedad histórica de la semejanza pone de manifiesto la importancia de la intersubjetividad basada en la pertinencia morfológica, sígnica y semántica.
Seasonal variability in food and nutrition security among children 0-3 years in Karamoja sub-region of Uganda
Authors:   Gulu University, Muggaga Christopher , Ongeng D , Mugonola B , Okello-Uma I , Kaaya NA ,   Makerere University, Taylor D ,   National University of Singapore
Published: September 2021

Optimal nutrition and good feeding of infants and young children are among the most important determinants of their health, growth and development. Due to unimodal climate in Karamoja sub-region, north eastern Uganda, achieving food security remains a development challenge in the area impacting negatively on the nutrition and health status of infants and young children. The current study, therefore, is important in providing the basis for season-based interventions to improve food and nutrition security in Karamoja sub-region. A longitudinal study involving 267 lactating mothers during harvesting season and 380 during planting season was conducted. Data were collected using Individual level Dietary Diversity questionnaire, 24-Hour Dietary Recall, and Anthropometry and were analyzed statistically. The findings indicated that except Abim district, 77.8-97.8%of the lactating mothers never attended school; 75-100% depend on subsistence farming. Lactating mothers (29.9-41.9%) introduced complementary foods to their infants at 6 months, while the age at first introduction of any food to the infant was mostly between 4-6 months. Dietary quality of complementary foods was low across all the districts; 6.7-38.9% of the children ate foods from four or more of the seven food groups in the previous day (Minimum Dietary Diversity) in both seasons. Complementary foods were characterized by plant food sources. With exception of milk and milk products, proportion of children who consumed animal-sourced foods was low, ranging from 0% in meats to 8.9% in fish and sea foods. Energy and nutrient intakes varied according to age groups of the children across districts and season. The proportion of children below -2 Z-score also varied according to districts and it is generally higher during the planting season than the harvesting season. The median of the z-scores for height-for age and Mid Upper Arm Circumference for age ranged from -1 to -2.5. In conclusion, there were variations and disparities in dietary diversity, energy and nutrient intake as well as nutrition status of infants and young children across season and districts in Karamoja sub-region of Uganda. Therefore, interventions to combat malnutrition among children 0-3 years need to take into account seasonal variations for each of the geographical locations in Karamoja sub-region.
Working environment, team work, and diversity: perspectives and relationship to organizational satisfaction
Authors: Asio John Mark R.
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study is to analyze the working environment, teamwork, and diversity of employees in relation to organizational satisfaction. The study used descriptive research with a survey as the primary instrument for data gathering. 85 respondents took part in the survey using a purposive sampling technique. The researcher used an adapted and modified questionnaire to gather data. This study used SPSS 20 to analyze the gathered data with the following statistical tools: frequency, percentage, means, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson-r. The study found that the respondents â€œagreeâ€ in all the mentioned statements from the four variables of the study. There were also significant differences found in the work environment, teamwork, and diversity when grouped according to demographic profile. And there is also a significant relationship between work environment, teamwork, diversity, and organizational satisfaction. The researcher provided pertinent recommendations at the end of the study.
State and Contradictions on Skills Development in Nigeria
Authors: Jiboku Joseph O. , Jiboku Peace A.
Published: September 2021

This paper advances the scholarly position that skills development is imperative for Nigeria in an era of intense globalization. It argues that skills development is the key for Nigeria’s socio-economic development, considering the country’s political-economic history, current social, economic, cultural, environmental, and health problems it faces and the demands of a fast-globalizing world. However, its central concern is that successive Nigerian governments have been rhetorical about developing skills. The country is not lacking policy, legal and institutional frameworks on skills development; yet skills shortages abound. The paper explores the concept of skills development, its relevance in the age of globalization; the role of the State in skills development, and the contradictions which have played out in the performance of this role, using Nigeria as a case study. It also provides answers to the following critical questions: Why has the issue of skills development become problematic in Nigeria despite the country’s rich natural, material, and human resources? And what are the contradictions that could be identified in national aspirations on skills development? The paper is based on qualitative research, and the researchers undertake a critical analysis of literature on the subject matter. A connection is established between skills development and the issue of governance in Nigeria in a conceptual framework for analysis.
YAPAY ZEKÂNIN HALKLA İLİŞKİLERİN GELECEĞİNE ETKİSİ: TÜRKİYE’DE HALKLA İLİŞKİLER PROFESYONELLERİ EKSENİNDE BİR ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI
Authors: ÇAĞLAYAN Sema
Published: September 2021

Araştırmada, halkla ilişkiler profesyonellerinin hangi teknoloji, araç ve yazılımları kullandıkları, bu araçları kullanım sıklıkları, teknoloji, araç ve yazılımların halkla ilişkiler süreçlerine etkilerini nasıl değerlendirdikleri, yapay zekâyı bir fırsat mı yoksa bir tehdit olarak mı gördükleri ile kendilerini teknolojik dönüşüme hangi ölçüde hazırladıklarını tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, güncel gelişmeleri ve teknolojik yenilikleri takip ederek iş akışlarına dahil etme performansı yüksek olarak kabul edilen Türkiye Halkla İlişkiler Derneği (TÜHİD) üyesi İstanbul merkezli 77 halkla ilişkiler ajansı oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, örneklemi oluşturan katılımcılardan, 1 Şubat – 1 Nisan 2021 tarihleri arasında, nicel veri toplama aracı olan “anket” aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın amacına uygun olarak elde edilen veriler bilgisayar ortamına aktarıldıktan sonra SPSS 16.0 veri analiz programına kodlanmış; frekans dağılımı ve yüzde olarak tanımlayıcı istatistikler ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre, katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun çeşitli teknoloji, araç ve yazılımlardan en az birini kullandığı; en fazla kullanılan teknoloji, araç ve yazılımların analitik, görüntü yönetimi, kampanya yönetimi, sosyal medya yönetimi, yazma, araştırma, planlama ve ölçme kategorilerinde yer aldığı; teknoloji araç ve yazılımların iş süreçlerini olumlu yönde desteklediği; yapay zekânın halkla ilişkiler süreçlerini hızlandırarak etkisini artırmak ve rekabet avantajı kazanmak için bir fırsat olarak görüldüğü ve bir tehdit unsuru olarak algılanmadığı; son olarak katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun, yapay zekâ teknolojileri aracılığıyla gerçekleşecek dönüşüme çeşitli şekillerde hazırlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Halkla ilişkiler ve yapay zekâ ilişkisini araştıran kapsamlı çalışmalar 2018 yılından bu yana hızlanmıştır. Türkiye’de de bu amaçla yapılmış çalışmaların kapsamı sınırlıdır. Gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmanın, teknolojik dönüşüme adaptasyon ve yapay zekâ teknolojileri konusunda halkla ilişkiler sektöründeki farkındalığı artırmak açısından önem arz ettiğini ve bu nedenle alana katkı sunacağını söylemek mümkündür.
Perception des changements climatiques par les éleveurs de bovins et observations météorologiques dans le bassin de l’Ouémé supérieur au Bénin
Authors: Djohy Gildas Louis , Sounon Boukou Boni , Dossou Paulin Jésutin , Yabi Jacob Afouda
Published: September 2021

Les stratégies d’adaptation développées par les populations rurales en général et les éleveurs en particulier face aux dérèglements climatiques traduisent globalement leur perception. Ainsi, la bonne ou la mauvaise perception des changements climatiques détermine la pertinence des mesures d’adaptation. La présente étude a eu pour objectif d’analyser la perception des changements climatiques par les éleveurs de bovins et leur pertinence par rapport aux observations météorologiques dans le bassin de l’Ouémé supérieur au Bénin. Cette analyse s’est appuyée sur la collecte des données météorologiques (pluviométrie et température) sur la période de 1980 à 2019 et des données socioanthropologiques issues d’enquêtes de terrain. Trois cents éleveurs de bovins ont été interviewés. Les principales données collectées sur le terrain étaient relatives aux caractéristiques sociodémographiques et à la perception des changements climatiques. Les données météorologiques ont été analysées selon l’indice standardisé des précipitations et les données de terrain selon la méthode fréquentielle. Les résultats ont révélé que les éleveurs percevaient une augmentation de la température moyenne et un prolongement de la saison sèche, ce qui correspondait aux observations météorologiques. En revanche, leur perception d’une diminution des extrêmes pluviométriques, d’une augmentation des extrêmes thermométriques, d’une fin précoce de la saison pluvieuse, d’une installation de plus en plus tardive de la saison des pluies et d’une durée plus courte de la saison des pluies était contraire aux observations météorologiques. La prise en compte de la perception des éleveurs de bovins dans l’élaboration des politiques d’adaptation aux changements climatiques contribuerait fortement au développement durable du secteur d’élevage.
A influência do figurino na dança: roupa, movimento, espaço e corporeidade
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Soares Marilia Vieira , Ximenes Maria Alice ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
Experimentalismo e estratégia: o projeto arte / cidade e a Secretaria de Estado da Cultura de São Paulo
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Souza Gabriel Girnos Elias de
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
A crítica de arte nos jornais de 1955 a 2005: o caso carioca
Authors:   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Tinoco Bianca Andrade
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
Desenhar uma academia: modernismo e autonomia formal nos bastidores da escola nacional de belas artes durante a 1a República
Authors:   Instituto Superior de Educação, Valle Arthur
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
Atlantic sturgeon movements in relation to a cutterhead dredge in the James River, Virginia
Authors: Balazik Matthew , Altman Safra , Reine Kevin , Katzenmeyer Alan
Published: September 2021

This technical note describes a field study investigating the movements of federally endangered Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus (ATS), during the summer and fall of 2017 near a cutterhead dredge working in the James River, Virginia, to provide data addressing the concern about the potential impacts of dredging activities (for example, excavation, transit, disposal, sounds, reduced water quality) on the ATS.
Methods for simultaneous determination of 29 legacy and insensitive munition (IM) constituents in aqueous, soil-sediment, and tissue matrices by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Authors: Stromer Bobbi , Crouch Rebecca , Wayne Katrinka , Kimble Ashley , Smith Jared , Bednar Anthony
Published: September 2021

Standard methods are in place for analysis of 17 legacy munitions compounds and one surrogate in water and soil matrices; however, several insensitive munition (IM) and degradation products are not part of these analytical procedures. This lack could lead to inaccurate determinations of munitions in environmental samples by either not measuring for IM compounds or using methods not designed for IM and other legacy compounds. This work seeks to continue expanding the list of target analytes currently included in the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 8330B. This technical report presents three methods capable of detecting 29 legacy, IM, and degradation products in a single High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method with either ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorbance detection or mass spectrometric detection. Procedures were developed from previously published works and include the addition of hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX); hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5-triazine (DNX); hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (TNX); 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DANT); and 2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene (2,6-DANT). One primary analytical method and two secondary (confirmation) methods were developed capable of detecting 29 analytes and two surrogates. Methods for high water concentrations (direct injection), low-level water concentrations (solid phase extraction), soil (solvent extraction), and tissue (solvent extraction) were tested for analyte recovery of the new compounds.
Análise de custo-efetividade de um painel genético no câncer de mama precoce na saúde suplementar brasileira
Authors: Netto Harli , Ramires Yohanna , Böger Beatriz , Aguiar Bianca , Lind Jolline , Ramos Moacir , Rocha Jaime
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar o custo-efetividade do uso de um painel genético de 21 genes em pacientes adultas diagnosticadas com câncer de mama em estádio inicial em uma operadora de saúde com mais de 500.000 vidas. Métodos: Foi utilizada uma coorte prospectiva seguida de um estudo de custo-efetividade entre os pacientes que utilizaram Oncotype DX® em 2020. Calcularam-se as despesas totais de cada esquema de quimioterapia (QT), somando-se os custos dos produtos e taxas de infusão. Resultados: Das 35 pacientes que utilizaram o teste de 21 genes no período avaliado, 60% (n = 21) não necessitaram de QT. Quando aplicadas simulações, houve custo evitado de R$ -1.945.448,88 (custos incrementais potenciais de R$ -6.488.207,56 até R$ 443.485,26, dependendo do esquema de QT escolhido). Conclusão: A inserção do teste de 21 genes na jornada do tratamento de câncer de mama na saúde suplementar evidenciou significativa relevância, pois contribuiu com o uso adequado da terapêutica, garantindo a sustentabilidade do sistema de saúde. Apresentando-se como uma opção custo-efetiva para a maioria dos esquemas de QT em comparação com a sua não utilização no tratamento, para a saúde suplementar brasileira.
Condutas clínicas e barreiras no tratamento da polineuropatia amiloidótica familiar associada à transtirretina (PAF-TTR) no Brasil
Authors: Pereira Ana Carolina , Fernandes Roberta , Paula Ellen , Freitas Anderson Luiz , Nunes Denise , Marangon Ana Elisa , Vazquez Deilys , Koladicz Karyn Regina
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Identificar as condutas terapêuticas e a variabilidade na prática clínica, assim como necessidades não atendidas e barreiras para a adequada assistência a pacientes com polineuropatia amiloidótica familiar relacionada à transtirretina (PAF-TTR), no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, por meio de questionário semiestruturado on-line enviado por e-mail. Foram incluídos médicos com experiência no manejo clínico-assistencial de pacientes com PAF-TTR no Brasil. O questionário foi composto por 30 questões envolvendo características gerais da população brasileira com PAF-TTR, características das escolhas terapêuticas e da falha, definições de progressão de doença e estadiamento, e métodos para mensuração do impacto na qualidade de vida. Resultados: Seis profissionais responderam ao inquérito. Quanto ao diagnóstico e à classificação da doença, houve consenso quanto ao uso de quadro clínico associado a testagem genética para o diagnóstico, e foram considerados adequados os critérios de Coutinho e do Ministério da Saúde, apesar de serem pouco úteis na avaliação da progressão da doença. Entre os especialistas, 83,3% entendem que a terapia atualmente disponível no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) atende às necessidades dos pacientes no estágio I da doença, entretanto todos os especialistas apontam necessidades assistenciais não atendidas, uma vez que esse medicamento não possui benefício definido para os estágios II e III da doença. A progressão da doença é definida como qualquer novo sintoma ou piora daqueles preexistentes, não sendo necessária modificação no estágio da doença para caracterizar tal evento. Conclusões: A condução deste estudo permitiu a identificação de aspectos importantes para auxiliar no entendimento da prática clínico-assistencial no país e das necessidades em saúde desses pacientes.
Custos com os cuidados da atrofia muscular espinhal 5q (AME-5q) no Brasil
Authors: Etges Ana Paula , Zanotto Bruna , Saccilotto Indara , Ferrari Renata , Staub Ana Lucia , Saute Jonas , Marchesan Thiago , Carlos Nayara , Polanczyk Carisi
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Este estudo estimou o custo individual de uma coorte brasileira de pacientes diagnosticados com atrofia muscular espinhal 5q (AME-5q) empregando a técnica de microcusteio considerando custos diretos e indiretos ao longo de um ano. Métodos: Foram avaliados custos hospitalares, de cuidados domiciliares e de transporte de uma coorte de pacientes em acompanhamento em 2019 no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. O método de custeio utilizado para a avaliação de custos hospitalares foi o Time-driven Activity-based Costing (TDABC). Para os custos com cuidados domiciliares, foram realizadas entrevistas com os familiares dos pacientes. Para a estimativa de custos com transporte, valores de referência de custo por quilômetro rodado foram considerados. Os custos anuais hospitalares, domiciliares e com transporte por paciente foram calculados e estratificados de acordo com o uso ou não do medicamento nusinersena, o tipo de AME-5q e a faixa etária dos pacientes. Resultados: Foram analisados dados de 43 pacientes; 5 deles fizeram uso de nusinersena. O custo médio dos 38 pacientes que não utilizaram o medicamento foi de R$ 4.870 (mín. R$ 190 - máx. R$ 67.138), enquanto o custo médio dos 5 pacientes que fizeram uso de nusinersena foi de R$ 600.347 (mín. R$ 342.679 - máx. R$ 813.513). No grupo de pacientes que usaram nusinersena, 91% do custo total foi devido ao medicamento. No que diz respeito ao transporte, foi observado um custo anual médio de R$ 4.895 (mín. R$ 18 - máx. R$ 73.382), e o gasto médio anual familiar por paciente reportado foi de R$ 32.262 (mín. R$ 240 - máx. R$ 110.952). Os pacientes com AME-5q tipos 1 ou 2 apresentaram, em média, maior custo do que aqueles com tipo 3 ou 4, bem como os pacientes menores de 6 anos de idade em relação aos demais. Conclusões: O custo do manejo de pacientes com AME-5q demonstra valores expressivos tanto na perspectiva do sistema de saúde quanto das suas famílias. Essas estimativas foram diretamente relacionadas ao tipo da doença e ao uso de terapia-alvo.
Gas Purging System to Extend Thrust Bearing Life in ESPs
Authors: Caridad Jose , Watson Arthur , Shang Song , Nguyen Eric , Chochua Gocha
Published: September 2021

Electric submersible pump (ESP) systems use thrust bearings in the seal section to handle the thrust generated by the pump stages. Thrust bearings are subjected to harsh operating conditions, including high loads, poor oil circulation, and motor oil viscosity degradation. A less-recognized issue is gas becoming centrifugally trapped under the thrust runner. The gas may be present because of incomplete purging of air during filling, permeation of well gas into the motor oil, or gradual gasification of motor oil at high temperatures. Because thrust bearings are such critical components, it is of interest to increase their reliability, which in turn will increase ESP life.

A novel gas purging system (GPS) was designed to alleviate stressors on thrust bearings, including gas accumulation, viscosity deterioration and gasification at high temperature, and low working oil volume. GPS circulates oil along with any gas that accumulates under the thrust runner up to a quiet separation chamber. Degassed oil circulates back to the thrust bearing, while accumulated gas eventually purges to the wellbore through relief valves on subsequent on/off cycles. GPS also improves viscosity and reduces gasification by cooling the oil, and it provides a greater working volume of thrust bearing oil to reduce the effects of oil deterioration.

This paper details the GPS design principles as well as the optimization of the different design parameters that affect its performance conducted via computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Observations captured on a test fixture built using the final configuration are also presented, validating the intended functionality.
Permanent Magnet Motors: The Future of ESP Applications?
Authors: Villalobos Leon Jorge Luis , Ruales Fernando , Miranda Sebastian , Godin Francisco , Velasquez Efrain , Shirikov Denis , Anaya Oscar , Forero Nini , Estupiñan Diego , Peña Lenin , Gonzalez Leonardo
Published: September 2021

Permanent magnet motors (PMMs) have been used in electrical submersible pump (ESP) applications worldwide, but the oil and gas industry still has questions about the value of the technology in terms of power savings; return on investment (ROI); and evaluation of power consumption, operational considerations, and reliability. Is this technology the future for ESPs? This paper will provide a real analysis based on more than 200 PMM installations in the Quifa and Rubiales Fields in Colombia, South America.

The fields of study are located in a remote location in Colombia where 90% of the total oil production is achieved with ESPs, so power consumption and its efficiency became a focus to optimize the lifting cost of each barrel produced. As a standard in both fields of study, PMMs are installed in all initial completions. Part of the methodology explained in this paper covers electrical power evaluation, including a power factor study, total harmonic distortion (THD) measurements, and criteria for comparing real power savings vs. expected savings as per initial designs. The systematic approach can be used by any other company that wants to evaluate this technology in their fields.

Deploying PMM technology in both fields of study has demonstrated, through formal and systematic analysis, the real efficiency that can be achieved by using this technology. Among the measurements confirmed in the field are power factors very close to 1, reactive power savings as high as 40% and active power saving as high as 10.5% (as compared with conventional induction motors). Additionally, the field case studies demonstrate that not all applications will see a direct energy in active power savings (kW) although total required surface apparent power (kVA) in all cases were reduced. An evaluation of total cost of ownership confirmed that in the field of study and similar operational conditions, PMM technology brings the best value for ESP applications.

The authors evaluate several of the 239 cases of ESP applications with PMMs, disclosing best practices for performance evaluation and lessons learned while deploying this technology, including safety and economics evaluation to understand the conditions that maximize return on investment (ROI) and total cost of ownership (TCO).
Improving Motor Performance and Runtime in ESP Applications with Novel Sinewave Filter
Authors: Hoevenaars Anthony Tony , McGraw Mike , Burley Colt , Bierhaus Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

In recent years, the Oil and Gas Industry has greatly improved efforts in evaluating the electrical system involved in operating Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP). The negative effects that poor power quality has on ESP motors equipped with variable speed drives is generally understood by the industry. However, with a strong focus on optimization and reliability, improvements of the power quality provided to our ESP systems has tremendous potential to enhance the ESP lifecycle. This paper will provide a detailed description of the current mitigation technique involving the conventional designs of PWM sinewave filters. Additionally, this paper will outline multiple Case Studies that have been conducted on several wells with ESPs installed, that demonstrate the success of a new design approach for PWM sinewave filters yielding lower electrical distortion and significantly improved motor performance.

A detailed analysis evaluating problems and premature failures was performed on existing ESP wells equipped with both "6-step" and PWM operation. Computer simulations executed to analyze the new sinewave filter design showed much lower voltage distortion (< 2%) as well as other important improvements in performance included a very low insertion loss (ie. < 3% drop in voltage at full load) and improvement in PF to near unity at the inverter output. To complete the study, sinewave filters were built, tested and installed in several wells. Field data was gathered providing power quality measurements for electrical distortion, current imbalance, motor temperatures, motor vibration and production rates.

The successful sinewave filter design used different tuned frequency parameters than conventional sinewave filters with clear data providing performance improvement. These results showed a substantial reduction in motor temperature leading to confidence in operations regarding the positive effect this would have on lifecycle of downhole equipment. The improvements can be streamlined across other ESP wells in the field leading to improved runtime, decrease in CAPEX & OPEX cost associated with ESPs and other surface equipment eventually leading to a strong cash flow performance for operators.