bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Tensile Behaviour of New Structural Material MoNiCa
Authors: BAHDANOVICH Aliaksandr , BENDIKIENE Regita , CESNAVICIUS Ramunas , CIUPLYS Antanas , GRIGAS Vytautas , JUTAS Audrius , MARMYSH Dzianis , MAZALEUSKI Aleh , NASAN Aleh , SHEMET Liudmila , SHERBAKOV Sergei , SPAKAUSKAS Kestutis , SOSNOVSKIY Leonid
Published: June 2019

This article presents the results of a set of innovative research to analyse a new structural material – steel like austempered ductile cast iron with mechanical properties similar to heat-treated steel, and with technological and exploitation characteristic close to high-strength cast iron with nodular graphite. Specific examples of its high efficiency for the manufacture of critical, mass and heavy-loaded components of modern machinery and equipment are presented. New structural material MoNiCa was tested on tension and was compared to commercial grades of austempered ductile cast irons and heat treated steels. Unconventional behaviour of examined material was observed: with tensile strength increase to almost 1600 MPa the metal became less brittle. Hardness test revealed another distinctive feature of new material that there is no linear relation between strength and hardness increase, different hardness values ~ 40 HRC or ~ 55 HRC can be achieved with the same tensile strength 1000 – 1200 MPa. Microscopic analysis demonstrated of sophisticated structure formed owing to different regimes of austempering treatment. Specific properties emerged from successful ratio of three elements Mo, Ni, and Cu (carbon equivalent), and properly chosen heat treatment modes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.23079
Sobre(viver) no cárcere: Graciliano Ramos e a nudez na casa dos mortos
Authors: Marques Luciana Araújo
Published: June 2019

Este ensaio propõe uma leitura imanente de Memórias do cárcere, de Graciliano Ramos, ao investigar a inscrição, sobretudo, via remissões à corporeidade e ao que a reveste ou a expõe, da tentativa de “morte civil”, própria dos procedimentos realizados pelas “instituições totais”, formulações de Erwing Goffman em Manicômios, prisões e conventos, assim como a resistência formalizada textualmente pelo autor a propósito do papel social do escritor frente a esse assassínio do eu e do outro, com quem a proximidade máxima e forçada em condições desumanas desafia a sobrevivência em vários sentidos do termo. Manter-se vivo na “casa dos mortos”, expressão tomada emprestada da experiência prisional de Dostoiévski, para o título, refere-se não apenas à conservação biológica da vida, mas também ao desafio de um estado de atenção sempre presente em relação ao que não pode se deixar enterrar no passado, como querem os que tentam perpetrar essa morte.
Imagens do corpo em Clarice Lispector e João Gilberto Noll
Authors: Magri Milena Mulati
Published: June 2019

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar algumas imagens do corpo presentes na obra de Clarice Lispector e João Gilberto Noll, vinculadas às experiências do sofrimento e do prazer. Selecionamos algumas de suas narrativas publicadas nas décadas de 1970 e 1980 que apresentam uma relação com o contexto de opressão promovida pelo regime militar. Diante da supressão de direitos fundamentais, por meio da suspensão do habeas corpus e da ameaça à integridade física, o corpo figura como um elemento fundamental de resistência política.
Resenha Escritos da sobrevivência, João Camillo Pena
Authors: Anglada Carolina
Published: June 2019

Resenha Escritos da sobrevivência, João Camillo Pena
“Na torpeza nauseante havia muita coisa pura”: despersonalização e afirmação do sujeito em Memórias do Cárcere e nas Recordações da Casa dos Mortos.
Authors: Pereira Ana Carolina Huguenin
Published: June 2019

A “torpeza” e a “pureza” que dão título a este texto são observadas por Graciliano Ramos no presídio da Ilha Grande. Lançado num ambiente hostil e desconhecido, o autor registra o processo de negação dos direitos e da dignidade dos presidiários, descritos através de expressões como “rebanho” e “fantasmas”. A convivência com prisioneiros originários contextos sociais e culturais em ampla medida desconhecidos abre caminho ao estranhamento, mas também a aproximações. Em Memórias da casa dos mortos, Dostoiévski se encontra em posição semelhante, e registra, com grande ênfase, a “pureza” em meio à “torpeza”, a afirmação da vida e da personalidade entre os “mortos” recolhidos na “casa” siberiana. O presente artigo tem como objetivo estabelecer comparações e aproximações entre as memórias carcerárias de ambos os literatos, a partir da problemática da negação da dignidade humana, e, por outro lado, da resistência dos presidiários, que lutam para afirmar suas vidas e personalidades, diante de circunstâncias restritivas e brutais.
Uma análise da escrita carcerária brasileira contemporânea
Authors: Palmeira Maria Rita
Published: June 2019

A partir de 2000, livros escritos por homens presos ou recém-saídos das prisões brasileiras ganharam as páginas dos suplementos culturais de jornais e revistas de grande circulação no país, fosse porque publicados por casas editoriais de algum prestígio, fosse porque parecia haver, naquele momento, maior curiosidade em torno da vida na prisão. A escrita a partir do cárcere se funda em ambivalências que parecem remeter ao modo de sociabilidade das prisões brasileiras. Quando narram a partir da prisão, os autores encarcerados constroem uma perspectiva que, ao mesmo tempo que dialoga com a dos demais presos, confirmando seu pertencimento a esse grupo, procura escapar à condição limitadora do cárcere. A partir da análise dessa produção – em especial, dos livros Memórias de um sobrevivente, de Luiz Alberto Mendes; Diário de um detento, de Jocenir; Vidas do Carandiru, de Humberto Rodrigues; e Sobrevivente André du Rap (do Massacre do Carandiru), de André du Rap e Bruno Zeni –, este texto visa ao estabelecimento das especificidades dessa escrita e dos elementos formais e temáticos que a caracterizam.
A Farewell to Arms: The Clash of Love and Religion in the Character of the Priest
Authors: Yari Hamid , Hanif Mohsen
Published: June 2019

Abstract: Investigating the interconnection between love and religion in Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms, in this article, the authors explore the conflictual nature of these concepts in the character of the priest. Harold Bloom cursorily remarks that the religious character of the novel, the priest, conveys the definition of love which is in contrast to lust and passion and Lieutenant Henry is greatly influenced by the priest. Here, however, we try to emphasize the conflicting sense of love in the character of the priest and maintain that the priest ambivalently waves aside Henry’s sensual love for Catherine and exerts himself to lead them towards a consecrated love. The priest, implicitly, scorns the sensual love between Henry and Catherine and allusively ignores Henry’s sensual love and redirects him into developing a religiously inspired love in his heart.
Narrativa e Resistência: conto brasileiro contemporâneo
Authors: Porto Luana Teixeira
Published: June 2019

Este artigo aborda como a perspectiva de resistência se manifesta no conto brasileiro contemporâneo, buscando identificar na forma e no tema de contos brasileiros do século XXI meios de resistência a qualquer situação de caráter conflitivo, não circunscrevendo a abordagem de resistência na literatura a episódios históricos específicos que poderiam gerar um teor testemunhal ou uma memória de fatos sociais representados nos contos. Para isso, expõe-se a concepção de resistência de Alfredo Bosi e análise de narrativas publicadas a partir dos anos 2000: “Boi”, de Marçal Aquino, e “O sorriso de brinquedo”, de Carlos Gildemar Pontes.
Gewaltherrschaft in Argentinien: Eine beispielhafte Analyse der Darstellung von Gewalt in Garaje Olimpo
Authors: Bischoff Friederike
Published: June 2019

Im Zuge erinnerungspolitischer Bestrebungen thematisiert Marco Bechis in seinem Film Garaje Olimpo Folter und Verschleppung während der argentinischen Militärdiktatur. Garaje Olimpo handelt von María Fabiani, einer jungen Frau, die mit ihrer Mutter in einem Haus in Buenos Aires lebt. Sie wird von ihrem Mitbewohner, einem Militärpolizisten, in das Geheimgefängnis Garaje Olimpo verschleppt, dort gefoltert und anschließend umgebracht. Die Analyse beruht auf einem breiten Gewaltbegriff, der unter anderem Unterdrückung umfasst und Zerstörung als Ziel hat. Sie zeigt auf narrativer, gestalterischer und musikalischer Ebene die differenzierten  Darstellungen  physischer und psychischer bzw. indirekter Gewalt. Auf narrativer Ebene arbeitet Bechis mit Elementen der Vorhersehung, mit Gegensätzen von Licht und Dunkelheit und mit Distanz und Nähe in Szenen physischer Gewalt. Das daraus resultierende Nicht-zeigen der Gewalt, macht Garaje Olimpo zu einem Film des Unbehagens.
O testemunho em três vozes: testis, superstes e arbiter
Authors: Sarmento-Pantoja Augusto
Published: June 2019

Na tradição dos estudos sobre testemunho encontramos duas formas bem delimitadas de narradores, caracterizadas a partir dos estudos de Émile Benveniste (1969), e amplamente utilizados pelas pesquisas sobre o autoritarismo e a Shoah, que veem, no Brasil, as contribuições de Márcio Seligmann-Silva (2008) na fixação dos conceitos de testemunho testis e testemunho superstes. Na esteira desses estudos, proponho uma nova categoria de testemunho o arbiter, que se configura na narração realizada por meio da recuperação do testemunho ouvido. Por muito tempo, esse tipo de testemunho fora desvalorizado, por não representar as formulações tradicionais do testemunho testis (terceiro), aquele que viu e testemunhou a cena dolorosa, ou do testemunho superstes (primeiro), aquele que viveu e testemunha sua própria experiência. Compreendemos que o testemunho arbiter (segundo), daquele que ouviu e arbitra o que e como narrar, deve ser validado como parte de uma tríade testemunhal, já que se encontra imiscuído às outras formas de testemunho, pois a identificamos em narradores testis e superstes, ao descrever experiências de outros a ele contada. Essa categoria de testemunho também se apresenta no que chamamos de narrativa de segunda geração, dos filhos de sobreviventes, que na maioria dos casos narram por meio da reconstrução testemunhal das experiências de outros, ou dos testemunhos de outros, inclusive em relação a sua própria experiência
Mineralização do carbono presente na casca de arroz através do processo de compostagem
Authors: Souza Lucas Jackson , Grazziotin Rodrigo Chaves Barcellos , Maffi Andressa Stein , Machado Mauricio Cardozo , Brauner Cassio Cassal , Gonçalves Fernanda Medeiros
Published: June 2019

A compostagem é um importante processo utilizado para estabilizar resíduos orgânicos e dar a estes a possibilidade de servir como fonte de nutrientes para as plantas. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da compostagem em promover a mineralização da casca de arroz e fezes de ovinos, alterando as propriedades químicas e físicas destes dejetos. Avaliando a relação C/N após 80 dias, o processo de compostagem foi eficiente.
A importância da controladoria e da função do controller no processo de tomada de decisão na gestão empresarial
Authors: Silva Clésia dos Santos , Sousa Júnior Alvani Bomfim de
Published: June 2019

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a importância da controladoria e a função do controller no processo de tomada de decisão na gestão empresarial. Ao descrever e apresentar mudanças no ambiente organizacional e procurar desenvolver instrumentos para tomada de decisões, este artigo visa aumentar a participação no mercado das ferramentas de planejamento e controle para se tornar eficaz a gestão empresarial, levando em conta um crescimento em longo prazo no âmbito territorial ao qual está firmada a organização. A pesquisa está enfocada nos aspectos específicos da identificação das vantagens e benefícios que a controladoria traz para as empresas; caracterizando as principais funções do controller dentro das empresas e analisando, a partida a literatura estudada, a importância do controller no planejamento da empresa. É fundamental dar ênfase a tomada de decisão ao criar estratégias para a definição do público-alvo, determinando-se as vantagens e as desvantagens, e principalmente, dos benefícios que a controladoria traz para as empresas, além de agregar conhecimentos sobre a área de atuação do contador. A natureza da pesquisa é qualitativa. A pesquisa classifica-se quanto aos fins, em exploratória e descritiva e quanto aos meios a pesquisa está classificada em bibliográfica. O estudo não tem a pretensão de exaurir o tema levantado, ao contrário quer apenas servir como estimulo para que novos estudos sejam realizados e novas opiniões surjam, enriquecendo a matéria.
Força mercadológica ligada a práticas sustentáveis: um estudo do ISE no setor de transporte, dos anos de 2012 a 2016
Authors: Aguiar Rodrigo Schmitz de Carvalho , Petri Sérgio Murilo
Published: June 2019

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar as empresas envolvidas na carteira do Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE), referente ao setor de transportes, nos anos de 2012 a 2016, e identificar sua força mercadológica, comparando com a importância do índice de sustentabilidade empresarial e o que ele representa, por meio dos dados levantados pela análise. Sendo sanadas tais dúvidas, o caminho será retomar o verdadeiro objetivo da sustentabilidade nas organizações, que poderia ser devolvido por grandes incentivadoras do desenvolvimento sustentável, não só pelo retorno financeiro que tal prática sustentável venha a proporcionar à empresa, mas também pela real consciência ecológica por trás do termo sustentabilidade. Espera-se evidenciar a valoração que é dada às empresas que optam por participar dos questionários de sustentabilidade e associar a sua prática sustentável, a qual se mantém a mesma no índice ao longo dos anos da análise. Verificou-se que a opção por práticas sustentáveis pelo índice e a evidenciação dos resultados traz à empresa, em um primeiro momento, uma valoração comercial e mercadológica, contudo, essa situação não perdura por muito tempo, caso não forem adquiridas novas práticas que alavanquem a entidade em nível de mercado.
Gestão da diversidade: uma questão de responsabilidade social?
Authors: Santos Cleyson Nathanael dos , Braz Helena Maria Fagundes dos Santos
Published: June 2019

Este artigo advém de intuito de instigar a busca e o desenvolvimento de mais pesquisadores e estudiosos, que visam ampliar a literatura da diversidade. Este estudo decorre sobre analisar estratégias a quais possibilitem lidar com a diversidade em um mercado supreendentemente evolutivo e agregar habilidades para que gestores tenham motivação para o desenvolvimento da diversidade e ampliar a visão de responsabilidade social das organizações. Com o objetivo de possibilitar o conhecimento aprofundado sobre a diversidade nas organizações através do aspecto evolutivo dos indivíduos com suas respectivas diferenças no ambiente organizacional. Sendo um estudo bibliográfico, toda a discussão teórica foi desenvolvida através de três pontos: o primeiro ponto fala sobre a contextualização e conceptualização do que é diversidade; no segundo ponto, são apresentados alguns tipos de diversidade que são decorrentes nas organizações; e o terceiro e último ponto ressalta a gestão da diversidade em quadrada na responsabilidade social, aonde vem falar da percepção moderna da diversidade e do enaltecimento da diversidade através da responsabilidade social. Infere-se que, necessário se faz que as empresas idealizem adaptações harmoniosas na esfera organizacional, assegurando integração dos indivíduos com suas diferenças.
Análise da sinergia de resíduos agroindustriais submetidos a biodigestão anaeróbia visando biogás para aproveitamento energético
Authors: Hasan Camila , Marder Munique , Feitosa Anny Kariny , Machado Cezar Augusto , Gonçalves Tamara Engelmann , Feldkircher Tiago , Konrad Odorico
Published: June 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o desempenho de resíduos agroindustriais, oriundos de uma Cooperativa de alimentos do Vale do Taquari (Rio Grande do Sul), submetidos ao processo de biodigestão anaeróbia visando a obtenção de biogás para fins energéticos. O experimento foi focado na variação do percentual de dejeto suíno em uma mistura de lodos de estações de tratamento de efluentes, possibilitando a avaliação de sua influência na quantidade e qualidade do biogás gerado, uma vez que este resíduo é produzido em maior volume pela Cooperativa e possui grande aplicabilidade em processos de digestão anaeróbia. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a sinergia entre os substratos combinados foi positiva. A melhor eficiência de produção de biogás foi obtida na mistura com 60% de dejeto suíno e 40% da mistura de lodos e sangue. Constatou-se que, mesmo exigindo tempos de detenção hidráulico diferentes, os maiores volumes de biogás nas misturas foram produzidos nos primeiros dias do processo. Conclui-se que a codigestão de biomassas residuais é capaz de promover melhores rendimentos na produção de biogás para fins de seu aproveitamento como fonte renovável de energia, se comparada ao desempenho da digestão do dejeto suíno, que é uma biomassa tipicamente empregada como substrato para a geração de biogás.
L’utilisation d’outils standardisés en intervention sociale : les points de vue des intervenants, des gestionnaires et des familles sur le Protocole d’évaluation familiale en protection de la jeunesse
Authors: Chateauneuf Doris , Arseneault Catherine , Bedard Nadeau Marie-Ève
Published: June 2019

Malgré la promotion et la valorisation des données probantes dans les domaines de la santé et des services sociaux, l’utilisation d’outils d’évaluation systématique en intervention sociale demeure un sujet de recherche peu exploré au Québec. Le présent article s’intéresse aux enjeux entourant l’implantation et l’utilisation d’un outil d’évaluation systématique en contexte d’intervention en protection de la jeunesse, le Protocole d’évaluation familiale (PEF). À partir des points de vue de 37 acteurs directement concernés par l’utilisation de ce protocole (intervenants, gestionnaires et familles), cette étude se penche plus spécifiquement sur les enjeux qui interviennent dans le processus d’implantation de l’outil et qui influencent son utilisation. Les résultats indiquent que le contexte organisationnel, les propriétés des questionnaires, les caractéristiques des acteurs, ainsi que les perceptions de ces derniers à l’égard de la pertinence clinique de l’outil sont les principaux facteurs soulevés par les participants pour expliquer les conditions d’implantation et le niveau d’utilisation du PEF.
Évaluation authentique en intervention précoce et importance de la complémentarité entre l’évaluation fonctionnelle et normative en psychoéducation
Authors: Lemire Colombe , Poitras Maxime , Dionne Carmen
Published: June 2019

L’intervention précoce est un ensemble de services (évaluation, adaptation/réadaptation) dispensés par une équipe de professionnels visant l’amélioration du développement des jeunes enfants (0 à 5 ans). En intervention précoce, les psychoéducateurs sont reconnus pour leur capacité à dresser un portrait de l’adaptation de l’enfant dans son quotidien. Les informations requises à cette fin sont parfois difficilement accessibles par entrevue ou par le recours à des évaluations standardisées traditionnelles. Ce portrait de l’enfant (forces et besoins) est utile pour planifier, réaliser l’intervention. Actuellement, des questions sont soulevées en psychoéducation sur l’utilisation accrue des évaluations normatives visant à cerner un problème sans que l’objectif soit de soutenir l’intervention. Or, depuis plusieurs années, en intervention précoce, les écrits scientifiques soulignent un manque de liens entre l’évaluation normative réalisée avec des tests standardisés du développement et l’intervention. En effet, les items de ces tests sont parfois des micro-habiletés peu utiles dans le quotidien de l’enfant. L’évaluation « authentique » a été développée pour répondre à cette lacune. Elle se caractérise par l’observation des habiletés nécessaires à l’autonomie de l’enfant dans son milieu de vie. Cet article est une réflexion sur la pertinence de l’évaluation authentique dans un contexte d’évaluation psychoéducative. D’abord, nous aborderons les exigences et caractéristiques de l’évaluation psychoéducative. Nous définirons l’évaluation authentique en prenant appui sur une recension des écrits. Finalement, nous discuterons de la pertinence de l’évaluation authentique en psychoéducation, notamment car elle se base sur le vécu partagé et répond aux normes des meilleures pratiques en évaluation des jeunes enfants.
La communication et les relations interpersonnelles des adultes présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme : une revue systématique des programmes d’intervention
Authors: Michallet Bernard , Taylor Jennifer , Dumont Claire , McIntyre Julie , Couture Mélanie
Published: June 2019

Ces dernières années, de nombreux chercheurs se sont intéressés aux meilleures pratiques d’intervention pour améliorer la participation sociale des enfants autistes. Les interventions auprès des adultes présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) visant l’amélioration des relations interpersonnelles et de la communication restent toutefois peu documentées. Cette recherche a pour objectif : 1) d’identifier les interventions visant à améliorer la communication et les relations interpersonnelles des personnes de 16 à 40 ans présentant un TSA; 2) de documenter les caractéristiques et l’efficacité de ces interventions. Une recension systématique des écrits a été réalisée. Les interventions proposées dans les écrits recensés se divisent en trois catégories : les interventions de groupe, les interventions informatisées et les interventions selon une approche écosystémique. La majorité des programmes vise l’intégration sociale par diverses stratégies telles que l’amélioration des capacités de résolution de problèmes, la reconnaissance des émotions, la compréhension d’inférences, etc. Quoique prometteurs, ces programmes rencontrent des problèmes de transfert, de maintien et de généralisation des apprentissages. De plus, on ne peut conclure, avec un niveau de preuve suffisant, quant à l’efficacité des interventions recensées. La discussion porte sur l’applicabilité et l’efficacité des programmes, ainsi que sur le rôle des intervenants auprès des adultes présentant un TSA. Des recherches futures devront porter sur la conception, la mise en oeuvre et l’évaluation de tels programmes.
L’évolution de la recherche appliquée sur la réadaptation psychoéducative au Québec, un modèle toujours probant?
Authors: Le Blanc Marc
Published: June 2019

Une mesure de la qualité de la preuve, en terme d’efficacité, d’effectivité et d’applicabilité est détaillée. Par la suite, une histoire de la recherche appliquée sur la réadaptation psychoéducative des adolescents antisociaux au Québec est proposée. Elle permet de constater que les trois critères de la qualité de la preuve ont en très grande partie été respectées. Le modèle psychoéducatif québécois est probant, mais il comprend encore des faiblesses.
Reflections on Translation Studies: Past and Present
Authors: Simon Sherry
Published: June 2019

This article is a reflection on translation studies and a suggestion for new directions in further research. The case study is that of the new labelling in the National Gallery of Canada which includes labelling in Indigenous languages.In June of 2017, the National Gallery opened newly renovated galleries with a special exhibition of Canadian and Indigenous Art. The translations which are part of this exhibition are important in redefining the identity of Canadian art.
La traductologie canadienne au fil des publications (1970-2017)1
Authors: Brisset Annie
Published: June 2019

Tributaire de l’histoire et de la politique du bilinguisme, la traduction devient au Canada une discipline universitaire de plein droit dans la décennie 1970. Au départ, la formation des traducteurs occupe le devant de la scène, matérialisée dans la production de manuels. La réflexion sur l’histoire, la théorie et la critique des traductions se développe au tournant des années 1990 parallèlement à la consolidation de la discipline sur la scène internationale. La traductologie canadienne évolue avec le renforcement des composantes théoriques au niveau de la maîtrise et l’ouverture de programmes de troisième cycle. La création de l’Association canadienne de traductologie et deTTR, sa revue, signe l’autonomisation de la discipline. L’analyse des livres publiés entre 1970 et 2017 permet d’identifier les grandes orientations de la recherche et leur évolution.
La recherche en enseignement de la traduction au Canada : survol historique et enjeux actuels
Authors: Echeverri Álvaro
Published: June 2019

Les projets éducatifs répondent aux besoins d’un groupe social en particulier. Au Canada, la formation des traducteurs a été conçue dans le but, entre autres, de contribuer aux efforts d’amélioration de la qualité de la langue française (Juhel, 1982; Horguelin, 1984). Les stratégies didactiques utilisées par les premiers formateurs ont ainsi favorisé l’instauration d’une tradition d’enseignement à visée corrective qui résiste à l’épreuve du temps et qui a essaimé au-delà des frontières canadiennes. Des universitaires canadiens sont en effet à l’origine de deux des principales approches d’enseignement de la traduction, toutes traditions confondues : l’approche comparative (Vinay et Darbelnet, 1958) et l’approche par objectifs d’apprentissage (Delisle, 1980). Après avoir retracé l’émergence de ces approches et décrit ce qui a contribué à leur succès, je m’interrogerai sur les enjeux actuels relatifs à la recherche sur l’enseignement de la traduction.
Diseño de un juego fantástico
Authors: Cartamil Ana
Published: June 2019

TFG sobre cómo crear el Game Design Document (GDD) de un videojuego de rol táctico.
Keeping it fresh
Authors: Klassen Jonathan L
Published: June 2019

Beewolf wasp eggs release nitrogen oxides to provide protection against fungi and other microbes.
Nonequilibrium skyrmion accumulation induced by direct current in Ir/Co/Pt heterostructure
Authors: Sugimoto Satoshi , Kasai Shinya , Anokhin Evgeny , Takahashi Yukiko , Tokura Yoshinori
Published: June 2019

We investigated the current-induced dynamics of magnetic skyrmions in Pt/Co/Ir trilayers thin films. Skyrmions segregate in the transverse direction to the current flow via the skyrmion Hall effect, which shows scalability for current density and wire width. We also found the non-local accumulation of nonequilibrium skyrmions under charge current, which has an analogy with the spin accumulation in the nonlocal configuration.
Investigation of the protein profile of silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae reared on a well-calibrated artificial diet compared to mulberry leaf diet
Authors: Lamberti Cristina , Gai Francesco , Cirrincione Simona , Giribaldi Marzia , Purrotti Micol , Manfredi Marcello , Marengo Emilio , Sicuro Benedetto , Saviane Alessio , Cappellozza Silvia , Giuffrida Maria Gabriella , Cavallarin Laura
Published: June 2019

Background

Silkworm pupae is the main by-product of the sericulture industry with an interesting nutritional profile, especially in terms of proteins. In consideration of its possible use as a food or food ingredient in Western countries, a comparative proteomic experiment has been performed to investigate the differences of the protein profile of male and female silkworm pupae reared on mulberry leaves or on an artificial diet.

Methods

The nutritional profile of lyophilized silkworm pupae in terms of dry matter and ash was evaluated according to the AOAC procedures, the total nitrogen content was determined by a nitrogen analyzer and the silkworm pupae gross energy value was measured using an adiabatic calorimetric bomb. The comparative proteomic analysis was performed on male and female silkworm pupae reared on mulberry leaves or on the artificial diet. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and, after a multivariate statistical analysis, the differentially expressed proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS.

Results

The comparative proteomic approach highlighted 47 silkworm pupae proteins differentially expressed comparing diet and gender. PCA analysis showed that seven proteins were more effective in discriminating the sex and five were more effective in discriminating the diet type. In spite of the above-mentioned differences in the silkworm pupae protein profile, no strong alteration of the pupa physiological traits have been demonstrated, suggesting a general silkworm pupae flexibility to adapt to a well-balanced artificial diet. Differences in lipid transport and metabolism were found among the experimental groups, that might have a relevant effect on the timing and on hormone secretion. This aspect may also affect silk production, as univoltine strains are the most productive. The proteomic data provided in this work, may offer a contribution in understanding also the influence of gender and farming strategy on the allergen profile of Bombyx mori, when used as food or as a food ingredient. Female silkworm pupae reared on mulberry leaves seemed to contain lower levels of known allergens than those reared in the other experimental conditions; these findings will have to be taken into account when farming B. mori for food production purposes. However, our results need to be supported by further characterization of the allergenic potential of B. mori.
Coastal fish assemblages and predation pressure in northern-central Chilean Lessonia trabeculata kelp forests and barren grounds
Authors: Riquelme-Pérez Nicolás , Musrri Catalina A. , Stotz Wolfgang B. , Cerda Osvaldo , Pino-Olivares Oscar , Thiel Martin
Published: June 2019

Kelp forests are declining in many parts of the globe, which can lead to the spreading of barren grounds. Increased abundances of grazers, mainly due to reduction of their predators, are among the causes of this development. Here, we compared the species richness (SR), frequency of occurrence (FO), and maximum abundance (MaxN) of predatory fish and their predation pressure between kelp forest and barren ground habitats of northern-central Chile. Sampling was done using baited underwater cameras with vertical and horizontal orientation. Two prey organisms were used as tethered baits, the black sea urchin Tetrapygus niger and the porcelanid crab Petrolisthes laevigatus. SR did not show major differences between habitats, while FO and MaxN were higher on barren grounds in vertical videos, with no major differences between habitats in horizontal videos. Predation pressure did not differ between habitats, but after 24 h consumption of porcelanid crabs was significantly higher than that of sea urchins. Scartichthys viridis/gigas was the main predator, accounting for 82% of the observed predation events on Petrolisthes laevigatus. Most of these attacks occurred on barren grounds. Scartichthys viridis/gigas was the only fish observed attacking (but not consuming) tethered sea urchins. High abundances of opportunistic predators (Scartichthys viridis/gigas) are probably related to low abundances of large predatory fishes. These results suggest that intense fishing activity on large predators, and their resulting low abundances, could result in low predation pressure on sea urchins, thereby contributing to the increase of T. niger abundances in subtidal rocky habitats.
Cell Death and Its Different Modes: History of Understanding and Current Trends
Authors: Stulpinas Aurimas , Kalvelytė Audronė Valerija
Published: June 2019

Discussions about what is life continue to struggle; there are pros and cons for whether a virus is alive. However, an opposite thing – cell death – appears to be tantamount important and equally not-easygoing to define. Nevertheless, our current knowledge about eukaryotic cell death has made a long way and resulted in a fruitful outcome: starting from three types of cell death (type I, II and III which are mainly applicable to eukaryotic cells of organisms from the biological kingdom animalia) in 1970s, Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death has named already twelve cell death forms in 2018, including the above mentioned apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis among them. How the scientific attitude towards cellular demise evolved and various aspects of different cell death modes are reviewed in this article.
Influence of Elemental Sulphur, Oxalic Acid, and Phosphoric Acid as Acidulating Agents on Phosphorous Dissolution from Rock Phosphate
Authors: Githua Fidelis W. , Ntinyari Winnie , Korir Nicholas K. , Gweyi-Onyango Joseph P.
Published: June 2019

Phosphorous is a limiting mineral element in crop productivity due to its less availability and fixed form in the soil. Due to its agricultural benefit, most farmers seek for alternative method to supply phosphorous in sufficient amount in the farming systems. Although the soluble P is relatively expensive for the peasant farmers, rock phosphate has proved to be quite efficient due to availability among the small scale holders. However, rock phosphate is faced with insolubility challenges hence is not readily available in the soils to promote crop growth.  Therefore, this study sought to establish the influence of various acidulating agents in dissolution of phosphorus in to rock phosphate. The study was carried out in a laboratory environment in Completely Randomized Design consisting of the following treatment: control (bare soil); Mijingu Rock Phosphte (MRP) and soil; MRP, soil and oxalic acid; MRP, soil and phosphoric acid; phosphoric acid and soil; MRP, soil and elemental sulphur and replicated three times. The incubation period was 90 days and the phosphorous dissolution rate was measured at interval of 30 days. The result revealed that the treatments had significant (P≤0.05) influence on the dissolution of the phosphorus from both rock phosphate and soil. Elemental sulphur was superior in increasing the rate of phosphorus dissolution form rock phosphate.  At 30 days, elemental sulphur had elicited release of a total of 37.5 ppm phosphorus while the control had the least, recording 5.37 ppm. A similar trend was observed in both 60 and 90 days. Regression analysis also exhibited positive relationship between the acidulating agents and the phosphorous dissolution rate from the rock phosphate. Therefore, elemental sulphur can be recommended to be used by in agricultural fields to enhanced solubilisation of rock phosphate and enhance supply of phosphorous.
DISTORTED MODELING OF DENSITY CURRENTS
Authors: Sharp J.J.
Published: June 2019

The paper describes a method of choosing scales for the correct representation of convective spread in a hydraulic model involving densimetric phenomena. Although most prototype spreads are non-viscous in nature it is possible for small scale laboratory spreads to become affected by viscous influence when the spreading density front is remote from the outfall. This must be avoided if correct representation is to be achieved and the scales for the model must be chosen with this in view. It is often impossible to avoid viscous influence in a natural scale model of reasonable size and distortion of the vertical scale must then be employed.
STRUCTURE OF SEA WAVE FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
Authors: Strekalov S.S. , Tsyploukhin V. Ph. , Massel S.T.
Published: June 2019

A knowledge of the frequency spectrum is necessary for working a number of applied problems concerning wave parameter calculations, ship rolling, effects of wave loads upon sea structures and so on. According to the data of work /1/ the frequency spectrum in deep sea may be represented as the following equation: -/ -k BQL) = A/*- exp(-B/tt ) (D The spectra obtained from the experiments on parameter values of 1 and k may be divided into three groups (Table 1).
THE CLEANING OF GRAVEL BEACHES POLLUTED BY OIL
Authors: Owens E.H.
Published: June 2019

An attempt to clean beaches without the use of dispersants was undertaken in Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia, following a spill of Bunker C oil from the tanker "Arrow" in the spring of 1970. Sand beaches account for less than 2% of the coast of Chedabucto Bay and those which were polluted were cleaned manually using peat moss, rakes, and shovels. Most sand beaches can be cleaned with relative ease, as oil does not permeate the sediments, and the angle of sand beaches is generally low so that mechanical methods can be applied without large-scale removal of beach sediments. Oil deposited on gravel beaches permeates below the surface layer and cleaning by mechanical methods involves excavation of beach sediments to depths of one metre or more. This method endangers the stability of a beach, particularly if the sediment supply is limited. Also this method was found to be ineffective in removing all contaminated sediments.
A GROSS LONGSHORE TRANSPORT RATE FORMULA
Authors: Galvin Cyril J.
Published: June 2019

Gross longshore transport rates for 11 long-term field measurements are predicted reasonably well by the empirical relation, Q=2H2, where Q is longshore transport rate in 100,000 yd3/yr, and H is a mean breaker height in feet. A physical explanation of this empirical relation assumes: (1) most littoral drift is transported in suspension; (2) longshore current velocity is predicted by V-gmTsin28j,; (3) the empirical relation is an equation for conservation of suspended sediment in the longshore current.
EXTREME WAVE CONDITIONS IN BRITISH AND ADJACENT WATERS
Authors: Draper Laurence
Published: June 2019

Information on extreme wave conditions is needed in the design of offshore structures. This paper present the results of calculations of the parameters in the 50-year storm; the work has been based on extreme wind data and on instrumental wave measurements. The results are complementary, and are combined in two maps, one of extreme wave height and the other of the corresponding wave period.
USE OP CRENULATE SHAPED BAYS TO STABILIZE COASTS
Authors: Silvester Richard , Ho Siew-Koon
Published: June 2019

Crenulate shaped bays are the rule rather than the exception on coastal margins of oceans, inland seas or lakes where sedimentary beaches exist between headlands. They have a particular orientation to the swell or resultant wave energy vector, such that the straight tangent section is downcoast and the curved portion upcoast. The latter is a logarithmic spiral at all stages of development of the bay. When fully stable, that is no littoral drift taking place, the constant of the log-spiral equation has a specific relationship to the approach angle of the waves to the headland alignment. In this condition it is shown that diffraction and refraction are involved when waves sculpture the curved beach in the lee of the upcoast headland. A further ratio to identify stable bays appears to be the ratio of indentation length to clearance between headlands. The application of crenulate shaped bays to stabilization of a reclaimed shoreline suffering strong littoral drift on Singapore Island is described.
ARTIFICIAL NOURISHMENT OF COPACABANA BEACH
Authors: Vera-Cruz Daniel
Published: June 2019

Results concerning the artificial nourishment of Copacabana Beach (Brazil) with sand are described. The beach, 4.2 km long, was formerly about 55 m wide. After an artificial nourishment with 3-5 million cm. of sand, a mean width of about l^t-0 m was reached. From that total of sand, 2.0 million cm. were dumped offshore and the remaining amount stockpiled on the foreshore. Prototype and model results agree quite well. Comments are made on the efficacy of the offshore dumping method and recommendations concerning its use in future cases are presented.
WAVE EFFECTS ON BUOYANT PLUMES
Authors: Shuto Mobuo , Ti Le Huu
Published: June 2019

When a buoyant plume is discharged into water where wave motions exist, the axis of plume is "bent over and horizontally fluctuated. The dilution rate of the plume is affected by this motion. Experiments are carried out to investigate the dilution rate of plumes when they arrive at the free surface. An analogy to the case of buoyant plumes discharged into uniform steady cross streams is applied to analyse the experimental data. Within the experimental range, it is found that the dilution rate is inversely proportional to the square of the ratio of the water depth to the diameter of outlet and is proportional to the ratio of the discbarge velocity to a characteristic horizontal velocity of the ambient fluid. The entrainment coefficient is given as a function of a densimetric Eroude number for small Eroude number and is a constant, 0.28, for bigger Eroude number than 4.3.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF SALINITY INTRUSION IN THE DELTA OF THE PO RIVER
Authors: Dazzi Renzo , Tomasino Mario
Published: June 2019

A general numerical model capable of reproducing long inter_ nal waves in stratified fluids has been constructed with the aim of investigating the salt wedge penetration in the Delta of the Po river, where the installation of a 2640 MW thermo-electric plant is foreseen. The working hypothesis of the model, in accordance with the actual phenomenology of the river, is the one-dimensional homogeneous motion of two fluid layers of different density. The main original aspects of the numerical computation are: 1) - The use of two different space steps (1 km for the fresh water layer; 200 m for salt water) simultaneously allowing a good description of internal waves (the velocity of which is much smaller than that of the external ones) and making it possible to work with economic (100 sec) time steps. 2) - The straightforward description of the wedge head, obtained by making it always freely correspond to one of the grid points. The model, which has been tested on actual events, reproduces reality with a very good approximation; it also gives evidence of the small relevance of the interfacial stress coefficient in unstea dy tidal generated motion of the salt wedge.
CALIBRATION OF A HURRICANE STORM SURGE PROGRAM
Authors: Noble Ronald M. , Hendrickson James A.
Published: June 2019

The "Bathystrophic Storm Tide Theory" is used to predict open-coast storm surge due to major hurricanes. The model described here is used to calculate storm-surge effects such as flood elevations needed for designing nuclear power plant safety related structures. In order to establish the model's viability the numerical techniques have been verified and the model calibrated using available field data. Numerical verification was performed for special cases where the governing equations of the model could be analytically solved. Inherent in the governing storm-tide equations are certain undetermined coefficients that describe the effects of wind drag and bottom friction. These coefficients were determined by correlating computer predicted results to hurricane storm surge hydrographs of record. As a result of this study, we find excellent agreement between computer predicted and analytical results.
WATER-WAVE INTERACTION IN THE SURF ZONE
Authors: Peregrine D. Howell
Published: June 2019

In the surf zone on beaches, there are strong effects which cannot be described by linear equations. This paper describes a number of wave interactions that can take place, using the simplest set of equations that give an adequate qualitative description. The results are of value for comparison with detailed experimental measurements and for gaining understanding of surf zone processes.
SEDIMENT THRESHOLD UNDER OSCILLATORY WAVES
Authors: Komar Paul D. , Miller Martin C.
Published: June 2019

As the velocity of the water motion near the bottom under oscillatory waves is increased, there comes a stage when the water exerts a stress on the particles sufficient to cause them to move. This study reviews data on threshold of sediment motion under wave action and compares the results with the established curves for threshold under a unidirectional current.
DIFFERENTIAL MOVEMENT OF COARSE SEDIMENT PARTICLES
Authors: Carr Alan Paul
Published: June 2019

This paper mainly describes experiments that have been carried out on two shingle beaches on the south coast of England. The results for the higher energy environment of Chesil Beach showed that largest tracer material travelled farthest, and best correlations tended to be with the short axis. At Slapton, however, different sediment parameters appeared significant at various times. Where linear parameters were relevant correlations were again best with the short axis, but smaller material travelled farthest. This may reflect different wave regime, a less efficient sediment rejection mechanism, finer grades of sediment or better adjustment of tracer to indigenous background material at Slapton. There was a marked degree of selectivity at both sites between material recovered along a particular zone of the beach as compared with the overall recovery on the same day, and between the overall recovery for a particular day as compared with the originally injected tracer. Attempts have been made to correlate wave data from f.m.pressure recorders with longshore transport of the coarse grades of sediment in the inter-tidal zone. While at Chesil wave direction, frequency and height were all important there were no obvious relationships at Slapton. The results have relevance in respect of beach stability and in the conclusions drawn from tracer studies using coarse grades of sediment.
BEACH FILL STABILITY AND BORROW MATERIAL TEXTURE
Authors: James William R.
Published: June 2019

The dependence of beach fill stability en the textural properties of borrow material requires development of quantitative methods for use in selection of borrow areas and in prediction of possible maintenance costs associated with periodic renourishment. If a shore segment is viewed as a sediment mass transfer system, where grains of different size have different transport rates, then termination of natural sediment input to the shore segment will cause the beach to retreat and the materials in the active zone will become coarser. The ratio of retreat rates associated with a given borrow material texture to that associated with native material can be used in optimizing economic factors involved in selection among potential borrow zones. With certain simplifying assumptions the relative retreat rate associated with a given borrow material texture can be predicted from observations of the modifications in textural properties of native material which occur during the eroding condition following termination of the natural supply of sediment. Further simplifying assumptions result in an analytical expression for relative retreat rates which may not require observations of the natural beach in the eroding condition. The proposed method is in substantial agreement with qualitative guidelines provided in the Shore Protection Manual [2].
HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER OSCILLATING FLOW BY CYLINDERS
Authors: Yamamoto Tokuo , Nath John H.
Published: June 2019

In order to determine the added mass, drag and lift coefficients of a smooth cylinder at various distances from a plane boundary, the forced cylinder oscillation tests at high Reynolds number 105 to 106 and the wave force tests at moderate Reynolds number 101* to 105 have been carried out at the Wave Research Facility at Oregon State University. It is found that the drag, lift and added mass coefficients are all strongly Reynolds number dependent. The effect of the near by plane boundary is to increase all of the force coefficients two to four times as compared to the free stream flow values. This is a most important factor to be aware of for design purposes.