bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estado nutricional e percepção alimentar em indivíduos institucionalizados com seqüelas de hanseníase
Authors: Campos Ana Cláudia Fiche de , Pires Regina Coeli Cançado Peixoto
Published: October 2023

OBJETIVO: Conhecer o estado nutricional e percepção alimentar dos moradores com seqüelas de hanseníase. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico A população avaliada constou de 40 ex hansenianos institucionalizados. Para classificação do estado nutricional utilizou-se o Índice de Massa Corporal para adulto segundo OMS, 1995 e 1997 e para avaliação do consumo alimentar (calorias e proteínas) o registro alimentar de dois dias. Para percepção alimentar foi aplicado um questionário com 15 moradores que mantinham contato produtivo. Utilizou-se o software SPSS for Windows® versão 17.0. RESULTADOS: Três (7,5%) moradores apresentaram diagnóstico nutricional de magreza grau I; 4 (10%) grau II; 2 (5%) grau III; 23 (57,5%) de eutrofia; 6 (15%) de pré obesidade e 2 (5%) com diagnóstico nutricional de obesidade grau I. A soma dos moradores (25) com adequação calórica acima de 110% e abaixo de 90% foi superior ao número de moradores (15) com adequação calórica de 90 a 110%.O percentual médio de adequação protéica foi 131,2% . Com relação à percepção alimentar observou-se que 4(26,7%) têm percepção que não alimentam bem; 13(86,7%) que a alimentação é suficiente; 8(53,3%) gostam da alimentação oferecida na instituição; 9 (60%) alimentam exclusivamente das refeições oferecidas pela instituição; 9(60%) não gostam de mastigar os alimentos; 6(40,0%) gostam de ficar sozinhos durante as refeições. Os resultados mostraram uma situação preocupante, de risco nutricional. CONCLUSÕES: A associação entre as percepções merece ser valorizada pela equipe de saúde e responsáveis pela alimentação, que poderia gerar maior aceitação ao alimento oferecido. Torna-se imprescindível uma assistência voltada para minimizar as marcas, o sofrimento e a rejeição deixada pelo estigma social associado à hanseníase.
Os contatos de portadores de Hanseníase em Paracatu (MG): Perfil, conhecimentos e percepções
Authors: Ferreira Iris Leda Camargos Silva Nery , Ferreira Isaias Nery , Morraye Mônica Andrade
Published: October 2023

A hanseníase representa ainda um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil e, sobretudo, em Paracatu-MG (detecção de 17,9/100.000 hab. em 2010). Uma parte importante dos contatos de crianças previamente tratadas não havia comparecido ao serviço de saúde para realização do exame dermatoneurológico. Objetivos: conhecer o perfil socioeconômico dos contatos de escolares tratados de hanseníase em Paracatu (MG), de 2004 a 2006, identificar o conhecimento sobre a doença, a percepção sobre os serviços de saúde do município e identificar os motivos do não comparecimento para a realização do exame dermatoneurológico preconizado. Foi desenvolvido um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, aplicado em visitas domiciliárias, no ano de 2009, a 46 sujeitos de 33 famílias. Resultados: Do total de 46 contatos pesquisados, 61% eram homens e 24% encontram-se entre a faixa etária de 21 a 28 anos; 33% eram os pais das crianças tratadas, 54% analfabetos funcionais, com renda familiar de 1 a 2 salários mínimos. Entre os entrevistados, 78% residiam em bairros periféricos pobres. O principal motivo referido por 38% dos contatos para a não realização do exame dermatoneurológico foi falta de tempo devido ao horário trabalho. O risco de adquirir a doença era desconhecido por 50,0% dos entrevistados, que sugeriram ampliação dos horários de atendimento, visitas domiciliárias da equipe de saúde com informações e divulgações da doença como melhorias ao acesso aos serviços de saúde. Conclusão: a reorientação dos serviços de saúde pode ampliar as ações de promoção de saúde, de prevenção da doença e adesão ao tratamento da hanseníase.
Hanseníase em menores de 15 anos na cidade de Juazeiro-BA
Authors: Moura Luiza Taciana Rodrigues de , Fernandes Tânia Rita Moreno de Oliveira , Bastos Lívia Dias Mangueira , Luna Igara Cavalcanti Feitosa , Machado Lara Barreto
Published: October 2023

A hanseníase é uma doença que requer atenção dos órgãos e profissionais de saúde. A alta endemicidade da doença em um local pode ser detectada através do coeficiente de detecção em menores de 15 anos, quando maior de 10 por 100.000 habitantes indica alta taxa de transmissibilidade da doença no meio. Em 2010 em Juazeiro, esse coeficiente foi de 41,89 por 100.000 habitantes. O presente estudo trata-se de um projeto vinculado ao Programa de Educação para o Trabalho em Saúde (PET-Vigilância em Saúde) e à Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), o qual visa identificar e analisar de acordo com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificações (SINAN) e o Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica (SIAB) os casos de Hanseníase notificados em menores de 15 anos, no ano de 2010. Dentre os dados analisados, destaca-se que dos 183 casos de hanseníase notificados em 2010, 10% (18 casos) ocorreram em menores de 15 anos, com ocorrência predominante em bairros periféricos, nas faixas etárias de 6 a 11 anos e de 12 a 14 anos, sendo prevalente o sexo feminino, a classificação operacional predominante foi paucibacilar. A implantação e a efetividade de novas ações vinculadas ao PET caracterizam-se como de extrema importância para município, dado a sua hiperendemicidade para hanseníase. Educação em saúde, treinamentos, incentivo a notificação correta dos casos e acompanhamento dos doentes e seus contatos são ações que podem melhorar os índices encontrados e qualidade de vida da população.
Hanseníase no município de Buriticupu, estado do Maranhão, Brasil: estudo de incapacidades em indivíduos no pós-alta
Authors: Silva Raimundo Sérgio de Oliveira , Serra Sônia Maria Ferreira da Silva , Gonçalves Eloisa da Graça do Rosario , Silva Antonio Rafael da
Published: October 2023

O município de Buriticupu apresenta indicadores epidemiológicos que o classificam como hiperendêmico para hanseníase. Levando em conta o potencial da doença em causar incapacidades físicas e limitações de natureza psicossocial foi desenvolvido um estudo com o objetivo de caracterizar o grau de limitação funcional, de atividade física e da participação social de indivíduos após alta por cura. O estudo, transversal e descritivo, foi desenvolvido no período de junho a dezembro de 2010 em uma amostra de 69 indivíduos que tinham recebido alta do tratamento entre 2007 e 2009. Foi feita avaliação simplificada da função neural, aplicação da escala SALSA (para caracterizar a limitação de atividade e consciência de risco) e da escala de participação (para caracterizar a restrição à participação social do indivíduo), além do cálculo do escore OMP. Foi identificada uma população predominante do sexo masculino, na faixa etária economicamente ativa e com ocupação relacionada a demandas por esforço físico, com destaque para lavrador. O percentual de 76,8% dos pacientes não apresentava incapacidades físicas e 59,4% não apresentava limitação de atividades. Não foi constatada percepção de risco de sofrer lesões traumáticas por 69,6% dos indivíduos, enquanto 72,5% dos indivíduos não apresentaram restrição significativa à participação social. Apesar dos dados favoráveis, o percentual que apresentou alterações reflete a necessidade de melhoria na atenção pós-alta ao indivíduo no município.
Estigma - Quem somos nós?
Authors: Nardi Susilene Maria Tonelli
Published: October 2023

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Hanseníase e Estigma
Authors: Barreto Jubel , Gasparoni Jéssica Miquelitto , Politani André Landucci , Rezende Lorena Moreira de , Edilon Tainah Sena , Fernandes Victor Gustavo , Lima Vinícius Magaton
Published: October 2023

Representações sociais são compreendidas como estruturas dinâmicas que regulam as escolhas e ações dos sujeitos e dos grupos em diferentes situações da vida, em especial nos episódios de adoecimento. Raras são as doenças em que, como na lepra, se encontra tão evidenciada a associação entre doença e estigma, deformidade física e condenação moral. Com o objetivo de comparar as representações sociais de uma geração de pacientes que passou pela internação compulsória com o diagnóstico de lepra e outra mais tarde tratada ambulatorialmente com o diagnóstico de hanseníase, indaga-se em que medida permanecem invariáveis alguns dos traços da milenar representação estigmatizante da lepra, apesar das mudanças havidas na denominação e na compreensão da natureza e do tratamento da doença.
A importância da ciência no controle das doenças negligenciáveis
Authors: Netto Antonio Ruffino
Published: October 2023

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Efeitos adversos da poliquimioterapia para hanseníase: utilização de doses alternativas e avaliação pós alta
Authors: Kubota Rosina Maria Martins , Brancini Viviane Cristina L , Gouveia Aline S , Nardi Susilene Maria Tonelli , Paschoal Vania Del’Arco , Vendramini Silvia Helena Figueiredo
Published: October 2023

O tratamento da hanseníase pode causar efeitos adversos relacionados à Rifampicina (RMP) ou Dapsona (DDS) levando à mudança no esquema terapêutico. Objetivou-se determinar as causas da mudança do tratamento e avaliar as condições clínicas dermatológicas dos pacientes que fizeram uso da terapêutica alternativa. De 182 pacientes tratados entre 1997-2008, 34 (18,7%) fizeram doses alternativas e 21 foram entrevistados. O perfil foi constituído por casados, de 40 à 59 anos, baixa condição socioeconômica e escolaridade. Os pacientes paucibacilares (PB) e multibacilares (MB) sem o uso de DDS e de RMP tiveram as últimas baciloscopias (BAAR) negativas (>50%), e os resultados positivos dos outros mostrou involução lenta. A forma clínica mais incidente foi a virchowiana nos intolerantes à DDS, e a dimorfa nos sem a RMP. Os efeitos adversos acometeram mais os MB. Nos intolerantes à DDS, a mudança do esquema terapêutico foi relacionada às causas hematológicas (48,5%) e os à RMP, as hepáticas (50%). Na avaliação as placas e nódulos desapareceram. As manchas, dor geral ou localizada em membros, diminuição da sensibilidade e da força muscular com aparecimento de garra móvel foram significativas. A evolução das incapacidades revelou a necessidade de monitorar atentamente a função neural nos casos de alta.
A utilização da tecnologia assistiva para alimentação na melhora do desempenho ocupacional de hansenianos com mão em garra
Authors: Rodrigues Junior Jorge Lopes , Muniz Lucas da Silva , Xavier Marília Brasil
Published: October 2023

A hanseníase é uma doença infecciosa crônica, granulomatosa, de curso lento, causada pelo Mycobacterium Leprae. A doença causa lesões na face, mãos e pés, que podem gerar incapacidades físicas severas que contribuem para a instalação de padrões deformantes e incapacitantes. A lesão do tipo mão em garra é uma sequela que pode ser observada em pacientes com lesões ao nível dos membros superiores sendo muito incapacitante, dificultando a realização das Atividades de Vida Diária destes indivíduos e consequentemente prejudicando sua qualidade de vida e satisfação pessoal. A intervenção terapêutica ocupacional utilizando a tecnologia assistiva de baixo custo para auxílio nas atividades de vida diária de pacientes com mão em garra objetiva a minimização dos déficits motores e de destreza manual. Desse modo, este estudo objetiva demonstrar a autopercepção dos pacientes acerca da melhora do seu desempenho na atividade de alimentação após uso da adaptação funcional. Efetuou-se aplicação do protocolo da Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional antes e após 10 intervenções de treino com adaptação para atividade de alimentação para avaliar a autopercepção de 20 pacientes sobre o desempenho e satisfação com a realização da Atividade de Vida Diária, observou-se que os quesitos apresentaram índices de melhora com aumento dos graus de independência, o material proposto e utilizado no estudo mostrou-se adequado para a confecção das adaptações desenvolvidas, proporcionando redução de custos, conforto e higienização. As adaptações desenvolvidas no presente estudo demonstraram resultados favoráveis, obtidos através da análise dos dados finais que apontaram significância estatística.
Cenário atual da tuberculose
Authors: Pedro Heloisa da Silveira Paro , Nardi Susilene Maria Tonelli , Finardi Amanda Juliane , Moraes Eloise Brasil de , Oliveira Rosângela Siqueira , Pereira Maria Izabel Ferreira , Machado Ricardo Luiz Dantas , Castiglioni Lilian
Published: October 2023

Mesmo após 133 anos desde a descoberta do Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a tuberculose continua ser uma das principais causas de morte por doenças infecciosas no mundo, principalmente em países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi mostrar aspectos relevantes da doença visando uma atualização literária e a busca de um olhar mais atento à problemática da tuberculose no contexto atual. Foram utilizados 130 artigos advindos das bases LILACS, MEDLINE/PUBMED, SCielo, Paho, Biblioteca Cochrane, WHOLIS, IBECS e Scopus, com as principais palavras-chaves selecionadas em terminologia em saúde encontradas no DECS. As espécies pertencentes ao Complexo M. tuberculosis compartilham cerca de 99% de identidade do DNA, com sequências altamente conservadas, mas diferem na distribuição geográfica, patogenicidade e hospedeiros. O mecanismo de resistência clinicamente significativo para rifampicina é uma mutação do gene rpoB, que codifica o alvo desse antibiótico. Há grandes avanços no diagnóstico da TB, com novos instrumentos de biologia molecular e testes rápidos, mas ainda não substituem os métodos clássicos bacteriológicos, apesar de suas conhecidas limitações. Atualmente, a associação de métodos moleculares, principalmente aqueles baseados em reações da PCR tem proporcionado grande impulso nos estudos da epidemiologia molecular do MT. Embora haja uma diminuição do número de casos no mundo, dentre os desafios da doença estão a necessidade de pesquisas na área, envolvimento político para solucionar as questões sociais atribuídas à TB, treinamento permanente dos profissionais e monitoramento de vigilância dos casos para eliminar a doença no cenário mundial.
Application of ChatGPT in Higher Education and Research – A Futuristic Analysis
Authors: Aithal P. S. , Aithal Shubhrajyotsna
Published: October 2023

Purpose: The purpose of conducting research on the "Application of ChatGPT in Higher Education and Research – A Futuristic Analysis" is to critically examine the evolving role of advanced AI language models like ChatGPT in shaping the future of education and research. This research seeks to anticipate how ChatGPT and similar technologies will impact pedagogy, academic support, and scholarly inquiry in the years ahead, shedding light on their potential benefits and challenges. By analyzing current implementations and forecasting future possibilities, this research aims to inform educators, institutions, and researchers about the transformative opportunities and ethical considerations associated with the integration of AI-driven chatbots and language models in higher education and research settings.
Methodology: This is exploratory research and makes use of the information obtained from scholarly articles through Google Scholar and AI-based GPTs to analyse, compare, evaluate, and interpret the concept of application of ChatGPT in Higher Education and Research.
Results/Analysis: A systematic analysis is carried out on the futuristic and effective use of ChatGPT for higher education, advanced research, scholarly publication, and possible threats of it on higher education industry.
Originality/Value: A systematic analysis is carried out to interpret: (1) the diverse applications of ChatGPT in various academic disciplines, including basic sciences, engineering, health sciences, agriculture, management, and social sciences within higher education, (2) how ChatGPT contributes to different types of research, including exploratory, empirical, and experimental research endeavours.
Type of Paper: Exploratory Research.
चातुर्मास्यव्रतविधिः वैज्ञानिक तथा अध्यात्मदृष्ट्या
Authors: पै बि. दिव्यश्री जगदीश , भट्टः भास्कर वि
Published: October 2023

स्वास्थ्यरक्षणस्य मूलाधाराः एव आहार-विहारा इति आयुर्वेदे निरूपितमस्ति।अस्माकं पूर्वजानाम् आहार-विहारा, तेषां जीवनक्रमस्याध्ययनमेव अद्यतन समस्यायाः परिहारः इत्यत्र न संशयः।एतत्सर्वम् अनुवीक्षैव चातुर्मास्यव्रतं निरूपितमस्ति।जीवरक्षणार्थम् आहारस्वीकारमेकं साधनमस्ति।भक्ष्यं, भोज्यं, लेह्यः पेयः इत्यादयः अन्नस्वरूपाः सन्ति।उत्तमारोग्याय काले काले एकविधमाहारभक्षणमावश्यकमिति वैज्ञानिकरीत्यापि उक्तमस्ति ।
FeTOMPP with Peroxidase-Like Activity as Peroxidase Mimics for Colorimetric Sensing of H2O2 and Ethanol
Authors: Khorungkul Jittima , Na Nakorn Pariya , Boonyuen Supakorn
Published: October 2023

In this study, FeTOMPP (Tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl) phenylporphyrinatoiron(III)) was synthesized and investigated for its peroxidase-like activity. The catalytic performance of FeTOMPP as a peroxidase mimic was explored by utilizing the colorless peroxidase substrate, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The oxidation of TMB by FeTOMPP resulted in the formation of its blue oxidized state. This enzymatic reaction was employed for the quantitative detection of H2O2, with a linear detection range spanning from 1.0 to 100 µM. The detection limit achieved using FeTOMPP as the catalyst was determined to be 2.4 µM. Furthermore, kinetic studies were conducted to investigate the interaction between FeTOMPP and H2O2. The results indicated that FeTOMPP exhibited favorable affinity towards H2O2, further highlighting its potential as a peroxidase mimic. In addition to its peroxidase-like activity, a simple and sensitive visual and colorimetric method was developed for the detection of ethanol by combining FeTOMPP with alcohol oxidase. The method relied on the use of TMB as the substrate. Ethanol-containing samples were subjected to the enzymatic reaction, resulting in the generation of a color change. The detection of ethanol was achieved with a minimum detection limit of 0.95 % v/v, and the linear range for quantification extended from 0 to 15 % v/v. This study demonstrates the potential application of FeTOMPP as a peroxidase mimic for the sensitive detection of H2O2 and the development of a colorimetric method for ethanol detection. The findings highlight the versatility and promising capabilities of FeTOMPP in various analytical and diagnostic applications.
HIGHLIGHTS

The potential application of FeTOMPP as a peroxidase mimic for the sensitive detection of H2O2.
The development of colorimetric method for ethanol detection by combining FeTOMPP with alcohol oxidase.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Predicción de precios de autos usados
Authors: Cozco Mauri Yoset , Cayo Cayo Fiorella Pilar , Valencia Jara Jordy Pedro , Bustinza Torres Henry Uriel
Published: October 2023

En varias ocasiones cuando se vende un automovil de segunda mano no se sabe el precio exacto por varios factores, con lo cual puede ser vendido a menos o más valor del que en realidad vale, generando pérdidas tanto a los compradores como a los vendedores que intentan calcular el valor por intuición o con su conocimiento en autos, pero está a veces falla.

Entonces con ayuda de organizar los datos en una base de datos, y compararlos con ayuda de un software, así pudimos conseguir un precio mucho más preciso, esto tomando en cuenta diferentes factores que podrian modificar el precio del auto, como el tiempo de uso calidad de las distintas piezas, entre otros, logrando un precio mucho más preciso que al solo usar intuición.
Aplicación de árboles de decisión para un pronóstico salarial
Authors: Hancco Vargas Corina , Flores Silva David , Hancco Velásquez Jessica , Fernandez Ninahuaman Alejandra
Published: October 2023

Este artículo detalla el proceso que se realizó para el pronóstico salarial en una base de datos de un censo dado en 1996, donde se utilizó el lenguaje de programación Python, para el análisis de los datos del dataset se utilizó el servidor Google Colab para ejecutar los algoritmos en la nube, ya que el equipo considero que la velocidad de análisis de datos en Google Colab es más rápido. También se hizo uso de una de las técnicas de minería de datos para clasificar las variables usando árboles de decisión que tienen la capacidad de representar gráficamente varias soluciones alternativas con el fin de determinar los cursos/rutas de acción más efectivos para la clasificación de la  obtención del sueldo de una persona.
Cómo integrar Design Thinking en el Ciclo de Vida de Verificación y Validación de Software para Simuladores de Vuelo
Authors: Filoniuk Valeria Raquel , Martínez María Soledad , Diz Ana Claudia , Arias Silvia Edith
Published: October 2023

Este artículo presenta la aplicación de la Metodología Design Thinking para dar una solución creativa e innovadora en el Ciclo de Vida de Verificación y Validación de Software en Simuladores de Vuelo, de tal manera de optimizar su funcionalidad. La utilización de este método en las primeras etapas de dicho proceso permite una interacción activa y temprana con el usuario, aumentando la generación de opciones de solución y la identificación de necesidades, consiguiendo contribuir a la calidad del producto final. Es importante asegurar la calidad en el desarrollo de software de simuladores de vuelos, debido a su funcionamiento crucial y a la esencialidad que aportan en la defensa aérea de nuestro país.

Para mejorar el proceso mencionado se trabaja principalmente con tres escenarios de Design Thinking: Ideación, Inspiración e Implementación. El objetivo principal de este artículo es integrar estos escenarios en el Ciclo de Vida de Verificación y Validación de manera que ayuden a desarrollar una nueva forma de testear software, incluyendo al usuario como fuente estratégica. Se espera que los resultados contribuyan a crear productos de calidad, ya que los mismos representan un activo esencial para la formación de pilotos que asumen el desafío de custodiar el cielo argentino.
Review Study on Self-Regulated Learning
Authors: Asma Ishtiaq  , Rakesh Verma  , Munazah Ali
Published: October 2023

The researcher reviewed articles from national and international publications published between 2010 and 2021 on self-regulated learning among various factors. It is clear from the research' findings that self-regulated learning and a variety of other factors have a beneficial association.
OSTEOMIELITE SÉPTICA SECUNDÁRIA À OSTEOSSÍNTESE FEMORAL COM PLACA METÁLICA EM CÃO
Authors: Cardoso Christian Silvantos , Faria Maéli Ribeiro de , Camargo Maria Júlia Mucin , Beraldo Mariana Ramos Andrade , Pirola Júlia Cecília
Published: October 2023

As fraturas femorais em cães são comuns dentre os ossos longos, o método de diagnóstico se dá principalmente pelo exame físico e radiografia simples, para correções cirúrgicas os implantes metálicos como placas e pinos são viáveis, dentre as complicações pós-operatórias, o retardo na cicatrização, não união óssea e osteomielite são as mais relatadas. O presente trabalho relata o caso de um cão com fratura femoral antiga submetido a correção cirúrgica com placa óssea isolada, apresentando claudicação, fistulação e osteomielite no membro acometido, o animal foi submetido a retirada do implante, demonstrando evolução clínica positiva e sucesso do caso no pós-operatório.
Corrosion Behavior in Different Media of Dissimilar Super Duplex Stainless Steel 2507 and Austenitic Stainless Steel 316 Welding by Using GTAW Process with Filler Type 316L
Authors: Abdulrahman H. Abbood  , Mohammed Helan Sir  , Nasri S. M. Namer
Published: October 2023

The Super duplex stainless steel is the best of the stainless steel types because duplex stainless steel contains two phases, ferritic and austenitic, which promote this alloy's mechanical and corrosion properties compared to other types. This study will investigate the corrosion behaviour of weld metal and base metals in acidic and salty media. At 20 C, hydrochloric acid (1M, 3M, and 5M) was studied beside sodium chloride NaCl (1 wt%, 3.5 wt%, and 5 wt%). The potentiostat test results show that the effect of HCl is more aggressive than NaCl in all cases, as HCl is a strong acid. The results showed the 316 base metal being the weakest area compared with others (2507 BM and W.M.). The microstructure has been checked before and after the corrosion test and pitting corrosion has been found in the 316 base metal only, while the weld metal and 2507 base metal surfaces were free of pitting influence. Due to the welding technique and using a cooper back strip, the microstructure shows minor grain growth in the heat-affected zones (HAZ) on both weld sides. The micro-hardness test revealed that the duplex stainless steel had a higher value than the weld metal and the 316-base metal. The weld metal had a minor increase over the base metal because of the migration of the elements like chromium and nickel.
The Effect of Electroplated Ni Nanocoating on Fatigue Life of 1020 AISI Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Israa Akram Hantoosh  , Skaskevich Aliaksandr
Published: October 2023

Low carbon steel 1020 AISI has been selected in this study to show the influence of Ni Nano coating on fatigue life of this metal under fatigue loading at room temperature with a stress ratio R= -1. The prepared specimens are exposed to electroplated process using Nano nickel with 40 nm at diverse situations to improve the fatigue limit of metal. (SCHENCK PUNN) rotating bending fatigue test, hardness, tensile strength, microstructure, surface roughness and SEM, XRD diffraction tests have been completed for base metal and electroplating treated metal. The experimental results indicate that Ni nano coating by electroplating improve the fatigue life at due to steel substrates are typically polished mechanically and chemically before deposition to enhance the fatigue properties and nano nickel have fair distribution on steel surface.
ENDODONTIC MANAGEMENT OF OROCUTANEOUS SINUS - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Khan Imran , Shan Tabinda , Manzoor Manzoor Ahmed
Published: October 2023

A facial cutaneous sinus of dental origin isa relatively uncommon condition; in theabsence of the specific dental symptoms it ismostly misdiagnosed. Tidwell et al in 1997reported a case which took over 15 years torecognize a dental origin1. Such patients seekstreatment from a general physician or surgeoninstead of a dental surgeon and are subjected tomultiple remedies like surgical excisions,cauterization, multiple antibiotic regimens andeven radiotherapy with ultimate recurrencebecause the primary dental cause is frequentlyoverlooked. Misdiagnosis leads to thedestructive treatment of local cutaneous lesion,this may produce unsightly scar, whichproduces aesthetic problems and is verystressful for the patient2.
Psychosocial Impact of Acne Vulgaris, its prevalence and associated Risk Factors in University Students of Rawalpindi/ Islamabad
Authors: Shahzad Asima , Mashhadi Syed Fawad , Zia Aiman , Masood Maryam , Ashfaq Namaan , Khan Najm us Saqib
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Acne Vulgaris, its effects on quality of life of the patient and its associated risk factors.

Study Design: Analytical Quantitative cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: University of Rawalpindi/Islamabad Pakistan, from Mar to May 2021.

Methodology: Non-probability convenience sampling was used. A total sample of 218 diagnosed cases of acne was included in our study. The data was collected via online Google forms and analyzed using SPSS 25.0.

Results: The prevalence of acne vulgaris was 16.8% in university students of Rawalpindi/Islamabad Pakistan. Among 218 acne cases, the overall Dermatology Life Quality Index score showed 36(17%) cases had no effect at all and 182(83%) had some effect on their quality of life. The impaired quality of life was associated with education and family history (p<0.05). Relatively more impaired aspects of life were physical symptoms (67%), one’s own perception of acne (68%) and interference with work/studies (60%).

Conclusion: The impact of acne on physical symptoms and self-confidence of people affected their mental health. As a result, these patients found difficulties in studies, work, and their social life. Knowledge about one’s ailment, early access to treatment and improved compliance significantly improves one’s quality of life. Acne is a deeply rooted issue with serious psychological and social implications which need to be addressed.
After the Implant-a Study on Post Cochlear Implant Rehabilitation of Congenitally Deaf Children
Authors: Mashhadi Syed Fawad , Khan Nazish , Malik Izza Afaq , Anwaar Rahma , Sultan Hadia , Shahbaz Rohma
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To assess the perceptions and compliance of parents/guardians of children with cochlear implant regarding postcochlear implant rehabilitation of their children.

Study Design: Analytical, cross-sectional, quantitative study

Place and Duration of Study: ENT department, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Nov 2021 to Apr2022.

Methodology: The study was conducted on a sample size of 93 parents/guardians of congenitally deaf children (recipients of cochlear implant) who were recruited via purposive sampling. Parents/guardians of children having severe to profound hearing loss, who did not benefit from hearing aid were included in the study from which those having a hearing age of less than 9 months were excluded. A validated modified questionnaire was adopted and data was collected from the parents/guardians by interviewing them on calls. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 25.

Results: Amongst the study participants, 11(11.8%), 30(32.3%), 44(47.3%) and 8(8.6%) parents/guardians showed poor, fair, good and excellent compliance respectively. Better compliance was associated with positive parental (p-value=0.007) and child (p-value=0.004) attitude. Distance 68(73%) and finance 70(75%) were the hurdles faced; irrespective of compliance. However,financial difficulties (p-value=0.585), difficulties due to distance (p-value=0.210) and parental education level (p-value=0.175) were not significantly associated with compliance.

Conclusion: The study showed that most parents/guardians 82 (88%) were compliant with the rehabilitation. Positive counselling of the parents and children can further improve compliance. Rehabilitation can be eased with financial assistance and improved accessibility.
Hidden Hunger or Knowledge Hunger? an Interventional Study in a Public School of Rawalpindi
Authors: Mashhadi Syed Fawad , Khan Nazish , Maryam Zunera , Aamir Manal , Sahi Saman Sajjad , Amin Maira
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To assess baseline micronutrient knowledge among adolescents in a school of Rawalpindi and to determine effect of educational intervention on micronutrient knowledge and food choices.

Study Design: Quantitative pre and post-intervention study

Replace and During of Study: A Public school of Rawalpindi Pakistan from Nov 2021-Apr 2022

Methodology: A sample size of 190 was obtained by using Raosoft sample size calculator. Considering 15% non-response final sample size of 230 was taken. Study participants included students of 9th–12th grades enrolled through non probability convenience sampling. A pre-test was taken to assess baseline micronutrient knowledge using standardized, pretested questionnaires. Five invalid responses were excluded, yielding a total of 225. Intervention was carried out via an interactive multimedia lecture on micronutrients. After eight weeks, 217 out of those students were reassessed via same questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS Version-25. Qualitative variables were expressed as frequency and percentages and quantitative variables as mean and S.D. Paired sample t-test (for continuous variables) and Chi-square test (for categorical variables) were applied.

Results: Out of 217 participants, 66(30%) were males and 151(70%) were females with a mean age 16.8±0.7 years. Significant improvement was seen on general micronutrient knowledge and knowledge of iron, vitamin A, vitamin D, zinc, calcium and folate (p-value < 0.05). There was a moderate improvement in food consumption in a frequency of 2-3 times/week.

Conclusion: The intervention improved micronutrient knowledge and positively impacted food choices. Thus, such knowledge-based programs are recommended.
Prevalence of Imposter Syndrome Among Medical Students of Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Lahore: A Cross-Sectional Study Investigating A Trending and Pragmatic Topic: we no Longer Have to Live in Pluralistic Ignorance
Authors: Mashhadi Syed Fawad , Khan Nazish , Khalid Rana Abdullah , Raza Hubab , Hassan Ateeq Ul , Younas Muhammad Fahad
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Imposter syndrome among medical students and to assess its association with various sociodemographic factors.

Study Design: Analytical cross-sectional study.

Replace and During of Study: Public and Private Medical Colleges of Islamabad/Rawalpindi and Lahore Pakistan, from Nov 2021-Apr 2022.

Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in Public and Private Medical and Dental Colleges of Islamabad/Rawalpindi and Lahore Pakistan, from Nov 2021 to Apr 2022. Three hundred ninety-nine eligible MBBS/ BDS students were enrolled through non probability convenience sampling. Data was collected Online through a 20 item Clance questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS Version-25. Qualitative variables were expressed as frequency and percentages and quantitative variables as mean and S.D. Chi-square test was applied.

Results: Out of 399 participants, 254(63.6%) were males and 145(36.3%) were females. Majority of the participants (71.4%) were in age range of 20-22 years. Three hundred and sixty-two (90.7%) participants were students of MBBS, while 37(9.3%)studied in BDS. Two hundred fifty (62.65%) participants suffered from imposter syndrome which showed a positive association with gender (p<0.001), age (p<0.001), year of Study (p<0.001) and academic performance in class (p=0.002).

Conclusion: Imposter syndrome is quite prevalent among the high achieving medical students and is associated with various sociodemographic variables. Further in-depth research is needed to confirm its association with mental health issues and its adverse effects on the normal functioning of individuals.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Cefoperazone-Salbactam Plus Tigecycline versus Cefoperazone-Salbactam Against Respiratory Pathogens and Their Effect on Laboratory Indices
Authors: Shaukat Sundas , Irfan Zona , Arif Haseeba , Sadiq Sidra , Bakhtiar Shehnaz , Ismail Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Objective: To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of cefoperazone plus tigecycline versus cefoperzone and their effect on biochemical indices.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar Pakistan, Nov 2022 to May 2023.

Methodology: Patients of either gender with age >20 years having intensive care unit stay of >72 hours having clinical and radiological evidence of hospital acquired respiratory infection were included in the trial. A non-randomized convenience sampling technique was employed. Group CT patients received a combination of cefoperazone-sulbactam plus tigecycline intravenously while Group C participants received only cefoperazone-salbactam. Demographics, inflammatory markers,pathogens, treatment effectivity were recorded.

Results: Mean age of participants in Group CT was 57.59±6.08 years as compared to 56.37±6.87 years in Group C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common pathogen identified in 30(23.8%) patients. CRP, WBC’s and PCT was significantly reduced after antibiotic treatment in both groups with a p-value of <0.01 and significant decrease in the serum levels of these markers was observed in Group CT as compared to Group C with a p-value of <0.05. Overall, the treatment effectivity was observed in 57(90.5%) participants in Group CT as compared to 46(73%) in Group C.

Conclusion: Cefoperazone-salbactam plus tigecycline offers superior antimicrobial activity as compared to cefoperazonesulbactam in patients with hospital acquired respiratory tract infections.
Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children Under One Year of Age
Authors: Akram Saira , Ikram Farooq , Awan Amir , Akram Aneeqa , Nawaz Raazia , Rahman Asbah
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the association of Iron Deficiency Anemia with demographic factors in children under one year of age.

Study design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Medical Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan from Jan to Oct 2020.

Methodology: All children of less than one year of age, of either gender who attended Out Patient Department with the complaint of acute illness like upper respiratory tract infections were consecutively enrolled. The detailed analysis for haematological parameters, means corpuscular volume <70 fl, serum ferritin <30 mcg/L, and transferrin saturation <16% were performed.

Results: Of three hundred and fifty-four children, the frequency of Iron Deficiency Anemia was found to be in 200(56.5%). The frequency of Iron Deficiency Anemia in children more than 8 months of age was higher (70.6%) in comparison to children less than 8 months of age (29.4%). Multiple variables were found to significantly contribute to Iron Deficiency Anemia, the father's educational status, the mother's educational status and socioeconomic status. At the same time, Iron Deficiency Anemia was significantly lower among children with first or second childbirth orders and in breastfed infants.

Conclusion: A higher proportion of Iron Deficiency Anemia was noted among children under one-year-old who complained of acute illness.
Comparison of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy and Fixed Field Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy for Radical Treatment of Early Prostate Cancer using Hypofractionated Radiotherapy
Authors: Alvi Zeeshan Ahmed , Hussain Sameed , Khan Wajid Muhammad Imran , Riaz Omer , Khan Muhammad Yousaf , Maqsood Talha , Khan Khurram
Published: October 2023

Objective: To investigate the dosimetric advantages of volumetric modulated arc therapy over intensity-modulated radiation therapy for radical treatment of early-stage prostate cancer.

Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiation Oncology, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2019.

Methodology: Two treatment plans; one volumetric modulated arc therapy and other intensity-modulated radiation therapy, were made for 13 patients undergoing radical radiotherapy for early prostate cancer. Conformity index, Homogeneity index, the volume of rectum and bladder receiving a dose of 50 Gy or more, monitor units employed and treatment delivery time were compared between both techniques.

Results: Volumetric modulated arc therapy plans showed statistically better conformity index and Homogeneity index with significantly lower doses to the rectum and bladder than intensity-modulated radiation therapy plans. The number of monitor units (MUs) employed and treatment delivery time were also reduced significantly with volumetric modulated arc therapy.

Conclusion: Volumetric modulated arc therapy generates dose-metrically better radiotherapy plans than intensity-modulated radiation therapy and can deliver the required dose faster.Keywords: Hypofractionated radiotherapy, Intensity-modulated radiation therapy, Prostate cancer, Volumetric modulated arc therapy.
Knowledge and Perception Regarding Infertility Among Infertile Couples Reporting to Combined Military Hospital Mardan
Authors: Khan Sumaira , Akram Umbreen , Parveen Shakila , Urooj Uzma , Khattak Samina Naseem , Zohra Sadaf
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the knowledge and perception regarding infertility among infertile couples reporting to Combined Military Hospital, Mardan.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Combined Military Hospital, Mardan Pakistan, from Jan to Aug 2021.

Methodology: A total of 144 infertile couples participated in this study. Age, gender, occupation, education, marriage duration, awareness about the fertile period, frequency of sexual intercourse, and willingness to perform tests were recorded on pre-designed questionnaires.

Results: One hundred forty-four infertile couples participated in this study. The mean age was 33.4 years. In 144 women, the prevalence of homemakers was 138(95.83%). Most of the participants were middle passed 125(43.4%). When asked about infertility, 88(61.1%) had irregular menstrual cycles, 56(19.4%) were separate living cases, obesity 25(8.7%), and the evil spirit was considered cause of infertility in 19(6.6%) cases.

Conclusion: Our study concluded that there is a lack of awareness regarding infertility among infertile couples. There are misconceptions and beliefs regarding infertility. Our study found that irregular menstrual cycles and a couple of separate living were the key parameters for infertility.
Unilateral Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Pain Control Comparison with Conventional Port Site and Peritoneal Infiltration
Authors: Rashid Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Qureshi Kamil Hussain , Majeed Kaukab , Khalid Usman , Rehman Habib Ur
Published: October 2023

Objective: To compare image-guided unilateral subcostal transversus abdominis plane (STA) block with infiltration of local anaesthetic both port site and peritoneal for post-operative analgesia for laparoscopic gall bladder surgery.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesia, Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Nov 2018 to Apr 2019.

Methodology: The study sample (n=80) was divided into two Groups, one for image-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane block and the other for peritoneal and port site infiltration of local anaesthetic. Anaesthesia was induced with intravenously administered propofol, atracurium, nalbuphine, and intraoperative non-opioid analgesia with ketorolac following which endotracheal intubation was done. The level of abdominal pain was assessed.

Results: The mean opioid consumption at the 24th post-operative hour was 22.75±8.55 in Group-A and 43.20±11.80 in GroupB. Mean total opioid consumption was 111.40±35.99 and 218.90±63.91 in Group-A and B, respectively. The mean VAS score at the 24th post-operative hour was 1.20±0.96 in Group- A and 3.12±1.63 in Group-B. The results showed a significant mean difference between opioid consumption and VAS pain score at the 24th hour (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The unilateral Subcostal transversus abdominis plane block proved a superior alternative to port site and peritoneal infiltration combined for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Cognitive Development in Bottle Versus Breastfed Children up to Two Years: A Comparative Study from Islamabad
Authors: Bilal Arshia , Afzal Asifa , Malik Iqra Zaheer , Ishtiaq Faryal , Ahmad Ayesha , Rashid Ayesha , Fatima Insha , Waheed Anaam
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the proportion of exclusively breastfeeding and to determine the association of various types of feeding with cognitive development in children up to two years of age.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.

Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient Department of Pediatrics, Pakistan Air Force Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan, from Jan to Aug 2019.

Methodology: Mothers of children under two years of age visiting the hospital were recruited by systematic sampling. The data was collected through interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. A score of each child has dichotomized into satisfactory and unsatisfactory cognitive development overall and separately for each domain viz communication, fine motor, gross motor, problem-solving and personal social skills.

Results: Out of 192 children, less than half, 77(40.1), were exclusively breastfed. Feeding practices had a statistically significant effect on overall cognitive development (p<0.002) and also individually on communication (p<0.006), fine motor (p<0.022), gross motor (p<0.001) and problem-solving skills (p<0.011) of children under two years of age. Exclusive breastfeeding showed better cognitive development (p<0.003).

Conclusion: Promoting breastfeeding practices is necessary as it leads to better children's cognitive development. This research revealed that the longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding was a more satisfactory cognitive development.Keywords: Breastfeeding, Cognitive development, Feeding practices.
Strabismus Surgery with Adjustable Suture Technique in Patients with Horizontal Strabismus
Authors: Hassan Shadab , Noorani Sorat , Jabeen Sidra , Zaheer Naima , Sadiq Muhammad Usman
Published: October 2023

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of squint surgery with adjustable sutures in patients with horizontal Strabismus.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2016 to Jun 2018.

Methodology: Adult patients with horizontal Strabismus and co-operative enough were selected for squint surgery with adjustable sutures. Squint surgery was performed under general anaesthesia. The recessed muscle was attached to the insertion site with hang back technique with a bow tie knot if required adjustment (further recession or advancement) was performed on the first post-operative day under topical anaesthesia. Preoperative, pre and post-adjustment and final postoperative orthoptic assessment were recorded.

Results: One hundred thirty-two patients were selected for strabismus surgery with adjustable sutures. Eighteen patients (13.6%) had a history of previous strabismus surgery. 75(56.8%) patients required post-operative adjustment of sutures. Orthophoria was achieved in 107(81.1%) and residual exotropia of less than 10pd in 25(18.9%) patients. Desired surgical outcome of orthophoria or the residual squint of less than 10 prism diopters was achieved in 100% of patients.

Conclusion: A positive surgical outcome was observed in our patients, and the second surgery for residual or consecutive squint was avoided.
Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine Combined with Bupivacaine in Supraclavicular Block Versus Bupivacaine alone in Upper Limb Surgery
Authors: Ahmed Maira , Hussain Akhtar , Majeed Kaukab , Akhter Amim , Qureshi Sajjad , Ahsin Arooj
Published: October 2023

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Dexmedetomidine combined with Bupivacaine in supraclavicular block versus Bupivacaine alone in upper limb surgeries

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study

Place and Duration Of Study: Anaesthesia Department, Combined Military Hospital Quetta, Pakistan, from Sep to Feb 2022.

Methodology: Patients planning to undergo plating of radius fractures were included. The patients were divided into two equal sets (n=20) by purposive sampling and marked as Group-A and Group-B. Patients in both groups received supraclavicular block under ultrasound guidance and general endotracheal anaesthesia followed by that. In the first Group,Bupivacaine plain (0.125%) was used to block the brachial plexus, and in the second Group, Bupivacaine (0.125%) with adjuvant Dexmedetomidine (1ug/kg) was given respectively. The visual analogue scale was used to measure pain perception in both groups.

Results: The duration of analgesia in the Dexmedetomidine Group was 10 ±0.925 hours and 5.68 ±0.471hours in Bupivacaine Group, which holds statistical significance (p-value<0.001). The demographics, surgery-related parameters (duration and type of surgery), block related parameters (onset of block and time taken to block) were similar in both study groups.

Conclusion: We concluded that Dexmedetomidine prolongs the duration of analgesia significantly when used as an adjuvant Bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block.