bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Coal‐Corn Divide: Colliding Treadmills in Rural Community Energy Development
Authors: Gasteyer Stephen , Carrera Jennifer
Published: July 2013

The emergence of concerns about “peak oil,” the fallout from the Iraq War in terms of renewed calls for “energy security,” and the development of new technology to gain access to fossil fuels and gas long off‐limits because of economic and environmental concerns has led to a boom of multiple kinds of energy development in and around rural communities in the United States. This article uses the lens of treadmill‐of‐production and growth‐machine literature to understand these developments in south central Illinois, an area with rich farmland and a history of underground coal extraction. While this analysis finds the expected support from community elites for renewed coal extraction, despite health and environmental risks, we find that the farm community, concerned about damage to land critical for producing corn and beans, profitable at historical levels in part because of the biofuel boom, formed a strong opposition movement. In short, we find evidence of colliding treadmills of energy production. The findings have implications for the analysis of rural energy production in the United States and beyond.
An Exploration ofAfricanAmerican Forest Landowners inMississippi
Authors: Gordon Jason S. , Barton Alan , Adams Keenan
Published: July 2013

InMississippi counties with largeAfricanAmerican populations, forest resources constitute one of the most important agricultural outputs. Despite the efforts of natural resources extension personnel to provide educational programming to this group, little is known about their needs, concerns, and meanings of the landscape for them. Research has taken place in theCarolinas, Alabama, andGeorgia; however, forests andAfricanAmerican forest landowners inMississippi face unique social, historical, and ecological contexts that need to be examined. If forests and forestry programs are to provide an equitable distribution of benefits to diverse populations inMississippi, a culturally based understanding of landowners is needed with special attention to those populations who have been traditionally underserved because of race and income. We address this need by presenting data from focus groups withAfricanAmerican forest landowners in several ruralMississippi counties. Findings indicate that a complex relationship with the landscape has inculcated much traditional knowledge about forest resources, opportunities and challenges to participation in programs and landowner associations, and concerns over heir property, among other factors. We discuss implications for how forestry can meet the sustainable natural resource goals and rural development needs ofAfricanAmerican landowners and communities.
Impaired Thymic Output in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Hartling H. J. , Gaardbo J. C. , Ronit A. , Salem M. , Laye M. , Clausen M. R. , Skogstrand K. , Gerstoft J. , Ullum H. , Nielsen S. D.
Published: July 2013

Altered T cell homeostasis in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been demonstrated. However, it is unknown whether fibrosis is associated with more perturbed T cell homeostasis in chronic HCV infection. The aim of this study was to examine and compare T cell subsets including recent thymic emigrants (RTE), naive, memory, senescent, apoptotic and IL‐7 receptor α (CD127) expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as telomere length and interferon‐γ production in HCV‐infected patients with (n = 25) and without (n = 26) fibrosis as well as in healthy controls (n = 24). Decreased proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ RTE were found in HCV‐infected patients, especially in HCV‐infected patients with fibrosis (14.3% (9.7–23.0) and 28.8% (16.1–40.5), respectively) compared with healthy controls (24.2% (16.3–32.1), P = 0.004 and 39.1% (31.6–55.0), P = 0.010, respectively). Furthermore, HCV‐infected patients with fibrosis presented with a higher proportion of CD4+ T cells expressing CD127 compared with HCV‐infected patients without fibrosis [88.4% (84.5–91.0) versus 83.8% (79.9–86.8), P = 0.016]. Thus, impaired thymic output in HCV infection was found, and high proportion of CD127+ T cells may illustrate a compensatory mechanism to preserve T cell counts.
Investigating medical decision‐making capacity in patients with cognitive impairment using a protocol based on linguistic features
Authors: Tallberg Ing‐Mari , Stormoen Sara , Almkvist Ove , Eriksdotter Maria , Sundström Erik
Published: July 2013

A critical question is whether cognitively impaired patients have the competence for autonomous decisions regarding participation in clinical trials. The present study aimed to investigate medical decision‐making capacity by use of a Swedish linguistic instrument for medical decision‐making (LIMD) in hypothetical clinical trials in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Three comparable groups (age, education) participated in the study: AD (n = 20; MMSE: 24.1 ± 3.3) and MCI (n = 22; MMSE: 26.7 ± 2.4) patients and healthy controls (n = 37; MMSE: 29.1 ± 1.0). Medical decision‐making capacity was operationalized as answers to questions regarding participation in three hypothetical clinical trials. Answers were scored regarding comprehension, evaluation and intelligibility of decisions, and a total LIMD score was used as the measure of medical decision‐making ability. Groups differed significantly in LIMD with AD patients performing worst and MCI poorer than the control group. A strong association was found between all LIMD scores and diagnosis which supported the assertion that LIMD as it is designed is a one‐dimensional instrument of medical decision‐making capacity (MDMC). The results indicate that a fundamental communicative ability has an impact on the competence for autonomous decisions in cognitive impairment.
Impact of immunoreactive substances contained in apheresis platelet concentrate on postoperative respiratory function in surgical patients receiving platelet transfusion: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kanai R. , Iijima T. , Hashimoto S. , Nakazawa H. , Ohnishi H. , Yorozu T. , Ohkawa R. , Nojiri T. , Shimizu M. , Okazaki H.
Published: July 2013

Objectives

To construct an alternative policy for the donor selection of platelet concentrate (PC), a clinical study exploring the features of lung injury following PC administration is needed.

Background

Although a male‐donor‐only policy for plasma products appears to have efficiently reduced transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI), this policy may not be applied to PC because of supply shortages.

Methods and Materials

We prospectively examined pulmonary function after the transfusion of PC in informed surgical patients treated at a tertiary university hospital in Japan. The contributions of immunoreactive substances contained in the PC to respiratory function after PC transfusion was then statistically examined.

Results

Eighty‐six patients (56 men, 30 women) were enrolled in the analysis. Fifty‐four cases experienced respiratory failure (PaO2/FiO2 <300 mmHg) after transfusion. Five cases were diagnosed as possible TRALI based on permeability pulmonary oedema, while 23 cases were diagnosed as transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO) based on chest radiograph findings. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the presence of anti‐granulocyte antibody as a significant predictor of possible TRALI [P = 0·023; odds ratio (OR), 13·0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1·4–118·3]. Meanwhile, anti‐leukocyte antibody class II was identified as a significant independent predictor of TACO (P = 0·010; OR, 18·4; 95% CI, 2·0–170·1).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that antibodies contained in PC may contribute to the deterioration of respiratory function after PC transfusion, although the diagnoses of TACO and TRALI may have overlapped among the patients with pulmonary distress in this cohort.
Buildings, spiders, and geometric Satake
Authors: Fontaine Bruce , Kamnitzer Joel , Kuperberg Greg
Published: July 2013

Let$G$be a simple algebraic group. Labelled trivalent graphs called webs can be used to produce invariants in tensor products of minuscule representations. For each web, we construct a configuration space of points in the affine Grassmannian. Via the geometric Satake correspondence, we relate these configuration spaces to the invariant vectors coming from webs. In the case of$G= \mathrm{SL} (3)$, non-elliptic webs yield a basis for the invariant spaces. The non-elliptic condition, which is equivalent to the condition that the dual diskoid of the web is$\mathrm{CAT} (0)$, is explained by the fact that affine buildings are$\mathrm{CAT} (0)$.
Knots which behave like the prime numbers
Authors: McMullen Curtis T.
Published: July 2013

This paper establishes a version of the Chebotarev density theorem in which number fields are replaced by 3-manifolds.
Complexity of OM factorizations of polynomials over local fields
Authors: Bauch Jens-Dietrich , Nart Enric , Stainsby Hayden D.
Published: July 2013

Let $k$ be a locally compact complete field with respect to a discrete valuation $v$. Let $ \mathcal{O} $ be the valuation ring, $\mathfrak{m}$ the maximal ideal and $F(x)\in \mathcal{O} [x] $ a monic separable polynomial of degree $n$. Let $\delta = v(\mathrm{Disc} (F))$. The Montes algorithm computes an OM factorization of $F$. The single-factor lifting algorithm derives from this data a factorization of $F(\mathrm{mod~} {\mathfrak{m}}^{\nu } )$, for a prescribed precision $\nu $. In this paper we find a new estimate for the complexity of the Montes algorithm, leading to an estimation of $O({n}^{2+ \epsilon } + {n}^{1+ \epsilon } {\delta }^{2+ \epsilon } + {n}^{2} {\nu }^{1+ \epsilon } )$ word operations for the complexity of the computation of a factorization of $F(\mathrm{mod~} {\mathfrak{m}}^{\nu } )$, assuming that the residue field of $k$ is small.
Experimental and Numerical Modeling of Surface Indentation Response of Plastically Graded Materials
Authors: Klecka Michael A. , Subhash Ghatu , Arakere Nagaraj K.
Published: July 2013

Materials with customized spatial gradients in mechanical properties are increasingly used in high performance applications requiring enhanced resistance to contact loads, wear, and fatigue. In many engineering materials, multiple property and microstructural gradients may occur simultaneously with depth. In this manuscript, two case carburized steels are analyzed for their gradient in hardness with depth, emphasizing the resulting variation in surface hardness under increasing indentation loads. A parametric study using finite element analysis is then conducted in order to characterize the influence of individual property gradients on the surface indentation response of graded materials. It is shown that the measured surface hardness value decreases rapidly under increasing surface indentation loads in materials with sharp negative hardness gradients. It is also shown that this trend is independent of the magnitude of the strain hardening exponent of the material, as well as the gradient in strain hardening exponent. Gradients in elastic properties were also shown to have negligible influence on surface hardness trends for a fixed gradient in hardness. Finally, it is revealed that the depth of subsurface plastic deformation increases with sharper gradients in hardness, while being insensitive to changes in strain hardening exponent. For elastically graded materials, a decreasing gradient in elastic modulus limits the depth of plastic deformation.
Overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Germinal Matrix Induces Neurovascular Proteases and Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Authors: Yang Dianer , Baumann Jessica M. , Sun Yu-Yo , Tang Mianzhi , Dunn Richard Scott , Akeson Ann L. , Kernie Steven G. , Kallapur Suhas , Lindquist Diana M. , Huang Eric J. , Potter Stanley Steven , Liang Hung-Chi , Kuan Chia-Yi
Published: July 2013

A transgenic mouse model implicates specific neurovascular proteases in the pathogenesis of intracranial hemorrhage in preterm infants.
Vitamin D Deficiency Induces Early Signs of Aging in Human Bone, Increasing the Risk of Fracture
Authors: Busse Björn , Bale Hrishikesh A. , Zimmermann Elizabeth A. , Panganiban Brian , Barth Holly D. , Carriero Alessandra , Vettorazzi Eik , Zustin Josef , Hahn Michael , Ager Joel W. , Püschel Klaus , Amling Michael , Ritchie Robert O.
Published: July 2013

In addition to decreasing bone mass, vitamin D deficiency causes early aging of the remaining mineralized bone and leads to severe losses in fracture resistance.
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota Is Associated with HIV Disease Progression and Tryptophan Catabolism
Authors: Vujkovic-Cvijin Ivan , Dunham Richard M. , Iwai Shoko , Maher Michael C. , Albright Rebecca G. , Broadhurst Mara J. , Hernandez Ryan D. , Lederman Michael M. , Huang Yong , Somsouk Ma , Deeks Steven G. , Hunt Peter W. , Lynch Susan V. , McCune Joseph M.
Published: July 2013

Gut-resident microbial populations may influence intestinal homeostasis during HIV disease.
Deconstructing Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Hofbauer Lorenz C. , Hamann Christine
Published: July 2013

Vitamin D deficiency causes cracking and aging of bone tissue.
Molecular Clues Assist in the Cancer Clinic
Authors: Tomlins Scott A.
Published: July 2013

The winner of the 2013 AAAS Martin and Rose Wachtel Cancer Research Award navigates a journey from the prostate cancer genome to the clinic.
Bioprinting: Beyond the Natural Order of Creation
Authors: Artzi Natalie
Published: July 2013

Computer modeling and three-dimensional bioprinting of composite materials with complex patterns create tunable biomaterials with superior mechanical properties.
Mental Break(down) in the Nucleus
Authors: Schaefer Anne
Published: July 2013

An inability to repair double-strand breaks in neuronal DNA may contribute to Alzheimer’s disease in a mouse model.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Metalloprotease NGO1686 Is Required for Full Piliation, and Piliation Is Required for Resistance to H
2
O
2
- and Neutrophil-Mediated Killing
Authors: Stohl Elizabeth A. , Dale Erin M. , Criss Alison K. , Seifert H. Steven
Published: July 2013

The sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea is caused exclusively by the human-specific pathogen
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
. Type IV pili are an essential virulence factor uniformly expressed on clinical gonococcal isolates and are required for several aspects of gonococcal pathogenesis, including adherence to host tissues, autoagglutination, twitching motility, and the uptake of DNA during transformation. Symptomatic gonococcal infection is characterized by the influx of neutrophils or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to the site of infection. PMNs are a key component of gonococcal pathogenesis, mediating the innate immune response through the use of oxidative and nonoxidative killing mechanisms. The M23B family zinc metallopeptidase NGO1686 is required for gonococci to survive oxidative killing by H
2
O
2
- and PMN-mediated killing through unknown mechanisms, but the only known target of NGO1686 is peptidoglycan. We report that the effect of NGO1686 on survival after exposure to H
2
O
2
and PMNs is mediated through its role in elaborating pili and that nonpiliated mutants of
N. gonorrhoeae
are less resistant to killing by H
2
O
2
, LL-37, and PMNs than the corresponding piliated strains. These findings add to the various virulence-associated functions attributable to gonococcal pili and may explain the selection basis for piliation in clinical isolates of
N. gonorrhoeae
.

IMPORTANCE
Successful infectious agents need to overcome host defense systems to establish infection. We show that the
Neisseria
pilus, a major virulence factor of this organism, which causes gonorrhea, helps protect the bacterium from two major killing mechanisms used by the host to combat infections. We also show that to express the pilus, an enzyme needs to partially degrade the cell wall of the bacterium.
Unilateral swollen optic disc: do not forget neurosyphilis
Authors: Porto Lénea , Capelo Joana , Carragoso Adelino
Published: July 2013

A 51-year-old man presented with a 3 month history of progressive right visual loss. On examination, the only abnormal findings were a right visual acuity of 4/10 and a swollen right optic disc. The patient had previously undergone MRI that had been reported as being normal and a trial of corticosteroids under the care of the referring ophthalmologist. An extensive battery of blood tests was normal apart from a rapid plasmatic reagin titre of 1:64. ELISA revealed elevated levels of total and immunoglobulin M antibodies againstTreponema pallidum. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a mild leucocytosis and mildly elevated protein content. The patient was treated with a 5 week course of penicillin. Three months after starting treatment, his right visual acuity had improved to 8/10 and his right optic disc swelling had resolved.
Late presentation of TAPVC with multiple cerebral abscesses
Authors: Naha Kushal , Vivek G , Shetty Ranjan K , Nayak Krishnananda
Published: July 2013

We report the case of a 24-year-old man, presenting with fever, headache, vomiting and seizures, subsequently diagnosed with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Evaluation revealed non-obstructive supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) as the underlying disorder. Surprisingly, the patient denied any past cardiac symptoms. Presentation in adulthood is infrequent for TAPVC, and primary manifestation with cerebral abscesses is still more unusual.
Unicompartment compartment syndrome following laparascopic colonic resection
Authors: Kalin Asli , Hariharan Vimal , Tudor Francois
Published: July 2013

We report the case of a 43-year-old man who developed anterior compartment syndrome following laparoscopic colorectal surgery in the lithotomy position. This was initially masked by postoperative epidural usage and ultimately diagnosed 2 days postoperatively. The patient underwent decompression by four compartment fasciotomy and two follow-up re-explorations of the affected lower limb. This case is unique for two reasons: only the anterior compartment of the lower limb was affected—which is rare in itself—and there was a delay in presentation secondary to postoperative epidural usage.
Treatment of superficial siderosis with iron chelation therapy
Authors: Cummins Gemma , Crundwell Gemma , Baguley David , Lennox Graham
Published: July 2013

Superficial siderosis is caused by recurrent haemorrhage in the subarachnoid space leading to haemosiderin deposition. It typically causes the triad of ataxia, deafness and myelopathy. We report a patient who developed superficial siderosis following neurosurgery for syringomyelia and who had an improvement in his hearing and mobility following treatment with a new iron chelation therapy that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier. It provides an intriguing insight into a therapy that could potentially modify the course of this rare neurodegenerative disorder. Further studies are required to assess the clinical efficacy of deferiprone in superficial siderosis.
A pedoprosthetic rehabilitation in patients with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC)
Authors: Mishra Apurva , Pandey Ramesh , Pandey Neelisha , Jain Eesha
Published: July 2013

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a rapid form of dental caries. ECC is the most common chronic childhood disease that can compromise a child's self-esteem, nutritional intake, oral development and quality of life, subsequently leading to malocclusion and psychological problems. The restoration of severely decayed primary teeth is often a difficult procedure that offers a great challenge to paediatric dentists. The present case series document the clinical management of patients suffering from severe early childhood caries using removable partial prosthesis restoring their masticatory function and aesthestics. The ultimate aim of the treatment was to improve psychological and physiological development leading to better functioning of the stomatognathic system.
Ameloblastic fibroma: an uncommon entity
Authors: Vij Ruchieka , Vij Hitesh
Published: July 2013

Ameloblastic fibroma is an uncommon mixed odontogenic tumour, which is often confused with ameloblastoma. It exhibits both epithelial and mesenchymal components with absence of any calcified dental structure. This paper presents two cases of this rare entity with detailed review of literature.
Pseudomonas aeruginosaintrapetrous internal carotid artery mycotic aneurysm—a complication of mastoiditis: first reported case
Authors: Shon Alyssa S , Berenson Charles S
Published: July 2013

Mycotic aneurysms of the intrapetrous carotid artery are a rare complication of adjacent middle ear infections that occur by direct invasion of arterial adventitia. We report the first case of aPseudomonas aeruginosamycotic intrapetrous carotid aneurysm arising from mastoiditis, confirmed with middle ear cultures, presenting with high-grade bacteraemia and otorrhagia in a diabetic man. Infection was related to elective myringotomy tube placement and was initially treated with empiric antibiotics. Diagnosis required careful evaluation of imaging studies, particularly MR angiography. Resolution required aggressive debridement and carefully selected long-term intravenous antibiotics, appropriate for carefully determined antibiotic sensitivity of his pathogen, but no neurosurgical intervention. He has had no evidence of recurrence over the subsequent year. We offer our experience to highlight the dangers of invasiveP aeruginosamiddle ear infections in patients with diabetes to other practitioners and to encourage earlier, more aggressive intervention.
Renal metastasis of an ovarian granulosa cell tumour inducing growth of a cystic nephroma
Authors: Burns Erin M , Rosoff James S , Brooks Sarah A , Picard Melissa M , Smith M Timothy , Picard Jonathan C
Published: July 2013

A 44-year-old woman presented with a large pelvic mass. Pathology revealed a granulosa cell tumour of the left ovary. The patient was followed after surgery with inhibin B levels and interval imaging. Six years later, she began to experience severe back pain. A vertebral biopsy was positive for metastatic granulosa cell tumour. She underwent radiation to the spine. Inhibin B levels began to rise and, several months later, a CT scan showed a large heterogeneous mass essentially replacing the left kidney. She underwent an open left radical nephrectomy. Pathology revealed a 12 cm cystic nephroma with a 5 cm nodule of metastatic granulosa cell tumour. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the mass was inhibin and oestrogen receptor positive. This is a novel presentation of these coexisting pathologies. This unique case sheds light on the possibility of induction of cystic nephroma by the altered hormonal environment created by a granulosa cell tumour metastasis.
Optimising seat design for all-terrain vehicle injury prevention: wide variability illustrates need for evidence-based standardisation
Authors: Jennissen Charles A , Miller Nathan S , Tang Kaiyang , Denning Gerene M
Published: July 2013

Background

All-terrain vehicle (ATV)-related deaths and injuries are a growing public health concern, particularly in rural and suburban communities. More engineering approaches that address vehicle safety and promote injury prevention are critically needed.

Objectives

Our study was designed to determine the variability in seat characteristics among 2012 model-year, adult-size ATVs.

Methods

Measurements of 67 models were performed using an image-based method. Seat characteristics were compared by manufacturer and by ATV type (sport vs utility).

Results

There were significant differences in seat length and seat placement among manufacturers and between sport and utility ATVs. Seat lengths ranged from 19.8 to 37.0 inches, with sport models significantly longer than utility models. Longer seats resulted from the back of the seat extending further beyond the rear axle and/or the seat front extending closer to the handle grips. Seat front to handle grip distances ranged from 3.25 to 16.5 inches. Combined data showed a strong inverse correlation between seat length and the distance from the seat front to the handle grips, but no significant correlation with wheelbase or engine size.

Conclusions

We found wide variability in seat length and placement for adult-size ATVs. However, existing seat specifications were identified that may be a good starting point for improved seat design. Optimal design would allow for safe operation while reducing the likelihood of multiple riders and use by underaged operators, both major risk factors for ATV-related deaths and injuries. Ultimately, regulations may be needed to ensure standardised seat design is incorporated throughout the ATV industry.
Prevalence of linear keratopathy in a herd of Lipizzaners over an 18‐month period
Authors: Rushton J. O. , Tichy A. , Kolodziejek J. , Nowotny N. , Nell B.
Published: July 2013

The prevalence of linear keratopathy with progressing age in a closed population of a single horse breed is reported. All Lipizzaners in three federal states in Austria underwent complete ophthalmic examination four times over a period of 18 months, with six‐month intervals. Findings consistent with linear keratopathy were recorded, and associated with factors such as sex, location, boarding system and level of performance throughout the study period. Logistic regression was applied to determine the influence of age on ophthalmic findings. On the first, second, third and fourth examinations, 0.8 per cent, 3.1 per cent, 4.4 per cent and 4.8 per cent (of 266, 261, 249 and 230 horses, respectively) of the study population, were diagnosed with linear keratopathy. This finding was consistently identified in the same horses, and once identified, no further progression was noted. Horses with this finding had no history of previous ocular problems or concurrent ocular abnormalities. Statistical analysis did not reveal any influence of sex, location, boarding, or level of performance; however the prevalence of linear keratopathy was found to increase with progressive age (P<0.5). The results of this study indicate that linear keratopathy was not congenital and was non‐progressive in the Lipizzaner over a period of 18 months.
Preparation and characterization of a poly-o-phenylenediamine film modified glassy carbon electrode as a H2O2 sensor
Authors: Zhai Wenying , Tian Xiuying , Yan Yun , Xu Yuehua , Zhao Yuechun , Liu Youqin
Published: July 2013

A poly-o-phenylenediamine film modified glassy carbon electrode (PoPD/GC) was successfully prepared by cyclic voltammetry in acetate buffer solution. The polymerization mechanism of oPD is discussed. The impedance behavior and morphology of the PoPD membrane were characterized using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. It is discovered that the PoPD/GC prepared only in acetate buffer solution had dual electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation and reduction of H2O2. The optimal buffer solution pH, scanning rate, monomer concentration, and number of scannings for film forming were 4.2, 0.05 V s−1, 6.0 mmol L−1, and 30, respectively. The linear ranges between the anodic (Δia) or cathodic (Δic) current and H2O2 concentration were 0.07−1.0 × 104 and 0.04−4.5 × 104 μmol L−1, respectively. The corresponding calibration curves were Δia (μA) = 8.03c (mmol L−1) + 6.36 (n = 18, R2 = 0.9989) and Δic (μA) = −5.52c (mmol L−1) − 0.77 (n = 18, R2 = 0.9990) with a detection limit of 0.03 and 0.02 μmol L−1 (S/N = 3), respectively. The PoPD/GC prepared in the optimal conditions showed good stability and quick response (<0.2 s) to H2O2, which was successfully applied to the determination of H2O2 in real water samples with satisfactory results.
SOME NEW PROPERTIES CONCERNING THE q-DEFORMED CALCULUS AND THE q-DEFORMATION OF THE DIFFUSION EQUATION
Authors: CHUNG WON SANG , JUNG MIN
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we introduce some new properties concerning the q-derivative and q-integral. Using these properties, we construct the q-deformation of the diffusion equation. Two types of the q-deformed diffusion equations are possible. One is expressed in terms of the ordinary time derivative and another is expressed in terms of the q-derivative.
ROLE OF GENERALIZED COSMIC CHAPLYGIN GAS IN ACCELERATING UNIVERSE: A FIELD THEORETICAL PRESCRIPTION
Authors: RUDRA PRABIR
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we investigate the role played by dark energy (DE) in the form of Generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas in an accelerating universe described by FRW cosmology. We have tried to describe the model from the theoretical point of view of a field, by introducing a scalar field ϕ and a self-interacting potential V(ϕ). The corresponding expressions for the field are obtained for the given model. Statefinder parameters have been used to characterize the dark energy model. Plots have been generated for characterizing different phases of universe diagrammatically and a comparative study is performed with the Modified Chaplygin gas model. As an outcome of the study, Generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas is identified as a much less constrained form of dark energy as compared to modified Chaplygin gas.
COMPOSITE WEAK BOSONS AND DARK MATTER
Authors: FRITZSCH HARALD
Published: July 2013

The weak bosons are bound states of two fermions and their antiparticles, denoted as haplons. The confinement scale of the associated gauge group SU(2) is of the order of 0.3 TeV. Besides the weak bosons, there also exist new bosons, an SU(2)-triplet and a singlet, with a mass of the order of 0.5 TeV. The neutral singlet boson is stable and provides the dark matter in the universe.
EXTENSION OF IIB MATRIX MODEL BY THREE-ALGEBRA
Authors: SATO MATSUO
Published: July 2013

We construct a Lie 3-algebra extended model of the IIB matrix model. It admits any Lie 3-algebra and possesses the same supersymmetry as the original matrix model, and thus as type IIB superstring theory. We examine dynamics of the model by taking minimal Lie 3-algebra that includes u(N) Lie-algebra as an example. There are two phases in the minimally extended model at least classically. The extended action reduces to that of the IIB matrix model in one phase. In other phase, it reduces to a more simple action, which is rather easy to analyze.
APPLICATION OF REED-VIBRATION MECHANICAL SPECTROSCOPY FOR LIQUIDS IN STUDYING LIQUID CRYSTALLIZATION
Authors: ZHOU HENG-WEI , WANG LI-NA , ZHANG LI-LI , HUANG YI-NENG
Published: July 2013

By using the reed-vibration mechanical spectroscopy for liquids (RMS-L), we measured the complex Young's modulus of dimethyl phthalate (DP) during a cooling and heating circulation starting from room temperature at about 2 KHz. The results show that there is no crystallization in the cooling supercooled liquid (CSL) of DP, but a crystallization process in the heating supercooled liquid (HSL) after the reverse glass transition. Based on the measured modulus, crystal volume fraction (v) during the HSL crystallization was calculated. Moreover, the Avrami exponent (n) was obtained according to the JJMA equation and v data. In view of n versus temperature and v, the nucleation dynamics was analyzed, and especially, there has already existed saturate nuclei in DP HSL before the crystallization. Furthermore, the authors inferred that the nuclei are induced by the random frozen stress in the glass, but there is no nucleus in CSL. The above results indicated that RMS-L might provide a new way to measure and analyze the crystallization of liquids.
BIFURCATION CONTROL OF A CONGESTION CONTROL MODEL VIA STATE FEEDBACK
Authors: XIAO MIN , ZHENG WEI XING , CAO JINDE
Published: July 2013

This paper proposes to use a state feedback method to control the Hopf bifurcation for a novel congestion control model, i.e. the exponential random early detection (RED) algorithm with a single link and a single source. The gain parameter of the congestion control model is chosen as the bifurcation parameter. The analysis shows that in the absence of the state feedback controller, the model loses stability via the Hopf bifurcation early, and can maintain a stationary sending rate only in a certain domain of the gain parameter. When applying the state feedback controller to the model, the onset of the undesirable Hopf bifurcation is postponed. Thus, the stability domain is extended, and the model possesses a stable sending rate in a larger parameter range. Furthermore, explicit formulae to determine the properties of the Hopf bifurcation are obtained. Numerical simulations are given to justify the validity of the state feedback controller in bifurcation control.
CONSTANT-PHASE-INDUCED CONTROL OF CHAOTIC CHARGED PARTICLES IN THE FIELD OF A WAVE PACKET
Authors: CHACÓN RICARDO
Published: July 2013

It is shown that the dissipative chaotic dynamics of a charged particle in the field of a wave packet with an arbitrary but finite number of harmonics can be reliably suppressed by judiciously varying the constant phase of the main harmonic, ϕ0, while keeping null the corresponding constant phases of the remaining harmonics. The dependence of the chaotic threshold on the wave packet parameters is predicted theoretically (Melnikov method) and confirmed numerically (Lyapunov exponents). In particular, it is shown that ϕ0 is effective at suppressing the chaotic behavior existing when ϕ0 = 0 over a wide range of values of the wave packet width, while the remaining parameters are kept constant.
AUSLANDER–YORKE CHAOS FOR GROUP ACTIONS ON DENDRITES
Authors: WANG SUHUA , SHI ENHUI , ZHU YUJUN , CHEN BIN
Published: July 2013

We show that each sensitive group action on a dendrite contains an Auslander–Yorke chaotic subsystem. By this conclusion, we prove that each sensitive group action on a dendrite must have positive geometric entropy when the acting group is finitely generated, and no dendrite admits a sensitive nilpotent group action.
AN EXPLICIT RECURSIVE FORMULA FOR COMPUTING THE NORMAL FORM AND CENTER MANIFOLD OF GENERAL n-DIMENSIONAL DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED WITH HOPF BIFURCATION
Authors: TIAN YUN , YU PEI
Published: July 2013

An explicit, computationally efficient, recursive formula is presented for computing the normal form and center manifold of general n-dimensional systems associated with Hopf bifurcation. Maple program is developed based on the analytical formulas, and shown to be computationally efficient, using two examples.
GENERATING CHAOS IN 3D SYSTEMS OF QUADRATIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH 1D EXPONENTIAL MAPS
Authors: BELOZYOROV VASILIY YE. , CHERNYSHENKO SERGEY V.
Published: July 2013

New existence conditions of homoclinic orbits for some systems of ordinary quadratic differential equations with singular linear part are found. A realization of these conditions guarantees the existence of chaotic attractors at 3D autonomous quadratic systems. In addition, a chaotic behavior of solutions of these systems is determined by the 1D discrete map [Formula: see text] at some values of parameters r > 0, p ∈ ℝ, and γ ∈ (-d, ∞), where d > 0; n = 0, 1, 2, …. Examples of chaotic attractors are given.
RECURRENCE IN SYSTEMS WITH RANDOM PERTURBATIONS
Authors: SZAŁA LESZEK
Published: July 2013

We introduce the notion of (f, δ)-recurrence for the so-called (f, δ)-processes. We show that if a function of type 2∞ has no attractive periodic points of periods greater than 2N for some positive integer N and has an infinite ω-limit set, then each point belonging to its infinite ω-limit set is (f, δ)-recurrent provided that δ is small enough.
REFACTORING WITH ORDERED COLLECTIONS OF FINE-GRAIN TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: SAADEH EMMAD , KOURIE DERRICK G.
Published: July 2013

The objective of this paper is to explain the notion of fine-grain transformations (FGTs), showing how they can be used as prototypical building blocks for constructing refactorings of a design-level system description. FGT semantics are specified in terms of pre- and postconditions which, in turn, also determines the sequential dependency relationships between them. An algorithm is provided which uses sequential dependency relationships to convert an FGT-list to a set of so-called FGT-DAGs. It is shown how to compute the precondition of such ordered collections of FGTs. The paper introduces a new approach to deal with refactoring pre- and postconditions by defining them at two different levels. To give these concepts syntactical form, we rely on the Prolog formats used by an FGT-based refactoring prototype tool. An example is provided to illustrate the various concepts and to demonstrate that, because of their simplicity, well-defined pre-post semantics and their intuitive nature, FGTs provide a pragmatic basis for building refactorings.
UNKNOTTING NUMBER AND GENUS OF 3-BRAID KNOTS
Authors: LEE EON-KYUNG , LEE SANG-JIN
Published: July 2013

Let u(K) and g(K) denote the unknotting number and the genus of a knot K, respectively. For a 3-braid knot K, we show that u(K) ≤ g(K) holds, and that if u(K) = g(K) then K is either a 2-braid knot, a connected sum of two 2-braid knots, the figure-eight knot, a strongly quasipositive knot or its mirror image.
ESTABLISHMENT AND FECUNDITY IN SPATIAL ECOLOGICAL MODELS: STATISTICAL APPROACH AND KINETIC EQUATIONS
Authors: FINKELSHTEIN DMITRI , KONDRATIEV YURI , KUTOVIY OLEKSANDR
Published: July 2013

We consider spatial population dynamics given by Markov birth-and-death process with constant mortality and birth influenced by establishment or fecundity mechanisms. The independent and density dependent dispersion of spreading are studied. On the base of general methods of Ref. 14, we construct the state evolution of considered microscopic ecological systems. We analyze mesoscopic limit for stochastic dynamics under consideration. The corresponding Vlasov-type non-linear kinetic equations are derived and studied.
A CYCLE DECOMPOSITION AND ENTROPY PRODUCTION FOR CIRCULANT QUANTUM MARKOV SEMIGROUPS
Authors: BOLAÑOS-SERVIN JORGE R. , QUEZADA ROBERTO
Published: July 2013

We propose a definition of cycle representation for Quantum Markov Semigroups (QMS) and of Quantum Entropy Production Rate (QEPR) in terms of the ρ-adjoint. We introduce the class of circulant QMS, which admit non-equilibrium steady states but exhibit symmetries that allow us to compute explicitly the QEPR, gain a deeper insight into the notion of cycle decomposition and prove that quantum detailed balance holds if and only if the QEPR equals zero.
AN ALGEBRAIC STRUCTURE FOR ONE-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM WALKS AND A NEW PROOF OF THE WEAK LIMIT THEOREM
Authors: TATE TATSUYA
Published: July 2013

An algebraic structure for one-dimensional quantum walks is introduced. This structure characterizes, in some sense, one-dimensional quantum walks. A natural computation using this algebraic structure leads us to obtain an effective formula for the characteristic function of the transition probability. Then, the weak limit theorem for the transition probability of quantum walks is deduced by using simple properties of the Chebyshev polynomials.
LOWEST-ORDER CONSTRAINED VARIATIONAL CALCULATIONS FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL LIQUID 3He
Authors: BORDBAR G. H. , FATEMI F. , SABET M. T. MOHAMADI
Published: July 2013

We have used the lowest-order constrained variational (LOCV) method based on the cluster expansion of the energy functional to calculate some ground state properties of two-dimensional liquid 3 He at zero temperature employing the Lennard-Jones and Aziz pair potentials. We have seen that the total energy increases by increasing density. It is shown that the two-dimensional liquid 3 He system has no self-bound state.
THE YANG–MILLS FUNCTIONAL AND BOGOMOLOV INEQUALITY FOR ARBITRARY PRINCIPAL BUNDLES OVER KÄHLER MANIFOLDS
Authors: PRIETO CARLOS TEJERO
Published: July 2013

We study the Yang–Mills functional for principal fiber bundles with structure group a compact Lie group K over a Kähler manifold. In particular, we analyze the absolute minimizers for this functional and prove that they are exactly the Einstein K-connections. By means of the structure of the Yang–Mills functional at an absolute minimum, we prove that the characteristic classes of a principal K-bundle which admits an Einstein connection satisfy two inequalities. One of them is a generalization of the Bogomolov inequality whereas the other is an inequality related to the center of the structure group. Therefore, this way we offer a new and natural proof of the Bogomolov inequality that helps understanding its origin. Finally, in view of the Hitchin–Kobayashi correspondence we prove that every (poly-)stable principal Kℂ-bundle has to satisfy this generalized Bogomolov type inequality.
A MODIFIED VAN DER PAUW SETUP FOR MEASURING THE RESISTIVITY AND THERMOPOWER OF THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS OF VARYING THICKNESSES
Authors: HITCHCOCK DALE , WALDROP SPENCER , WILLIAMS JARED , TRITT TERRY M.
Published: July 2013

In the investigation of thermoelectric (TE) materials as a practical, and efficient, means of power generation/ refrigeration nearly ninety percent of the possible high-efficient binary compounds have been evaluated. But only a few proved to be useful such as Bi 2 Te 3 alloys, PbTe and SiGe to name the most important materials. Therefore, in order to expand the research of high-efficiency TE materials new compounds and methods of efficiency optimization must be explored. There currently exist a vast number of uninvestigated ternary and quaternary materials that could be potential high-efficiency thermoelectric materials. The device and methodology discussed herein deal with rapidly measuring both the electrical resistivity and the Seebeck coefficient of thermoelectric materials, at a set temperature of T ≈ 300 K. Using nontraditional resistivity measurements and rapid, room-temperature thermopower measurements, a reliable and time-efficient means of gauging the power factor (defined below) values of newly synthesized thermoelectric materials is achievable. Furthermore, the efficacy of the van der Pauw technique for measuring the resistivity of thermoelectric materials has been verified.
DISTANCE PRESERVING SUBTREES IN MINIMUM AVERAGE DISTANCE SPANNING TREES
Authors: LYAUDET LAURENT , YONTA PAULIN MELATAGIA , TCHUENTE MAURICE , NDOUNDAM RENÉ
Published: July 2013

Given an undirected graph G = (V, E) with n vertices and a positive length w(e) on each edge e ∈ E, we consider Minimum Average Distance (MAD) spanning trees i.e., trees that minimize the path length summed over all pairs of vertices. One of the first results on this problem is due to Wong who showed in 1980 that a Distance Preserving (DP) spanning tree rooted at the median of G is a 2-approximate solution. On the other hand, Dankelmann has exhibited in 2000 a class of graphs where no MAD spanning tree is distance preserving from a vertex. We establish here a new relation between MAD and DP trees in the particular case where the lengths are integers. We show that in a MAD spanning tree of G, each subtree H′ = (V′, E′) consisting of a vertex [Formula: see text] and the union of branches of [Formula: see text] that are each of size less than or equal to [Formula: see text], where w+ is the maximum edge-length in G, is a distance preserving spanning tree of the subgraph of G induced by V′.
GRAPH TRANSFORMATION AND DISTANCE SPECTRAL RADIUS
Authors: NATH MILAN , PAUL SOMNATH
Published: July 2013

Trees are very common in the theory and applications of combinatorics. In this paper, we consider graphs whose underlying structure is a tree and study the behavior of the distance spectral radius under a graph transformation. As an application, we find the corona tree that maximizes the distance spectral radius among all corona trees with a fixed maximum degree. We also find the graph with minimal (maximal) distance spectral radius among all corona trees. Finally, we determine the graph with minimal distance spectral radius in a special class of corona trees.
NONVOLATILE FULL ADDER BASED ON A SINGLE MULTIVALUED HALL JUNCTION
Authors: ZHANG S. L. , COLLINS-MCINTYRE L. J. , ZHANG J. Y. , WANG S. G. , YU G. H. , HESJEDAL T.
Published: July 2013

Multivalued logic devices are promising candidates for achieving high-density, low-power memory and logic functionalities. We present a room-temperature ferromagnetic (FM) multilayer Hall junction device with four distinct resistance — and thus logic — states. The states can be encoded as a quaternary bit and decoded into two binary bits. We experimentally demonstrate a nonvolatile full adder that is based on a single Hall junction, the extraordinary Hall balance (EHB). The device can be easily integrated into complex logic circuits for logic-in-memory architectures.
Geochemistry and mineral phases of REE in Jammi carbonatite veins and fenites, southern end of the Sokli complex, NE Finland
Authors: Al Ani Thair , Sarapää Olli
Published: July 2013

The Jammi area consists of Archaean mafic volcanic rock and tonalitic gneiss, which were intruded by the Devonian Sokli carbonatite, causing large-scale and intense fenitization of the country rocks. The rocks are albite-fenites, crosscutting late carbonatite veins, with the mineral assemblages of calcite-dolomite-aegirine-albite-apatite-phlogopite.

Geochemical analyses indicate that the total content of rare earth elements (REE) in the carbonatite veins is 0.11–1.83%, including 0.11–1.81% LREE and 0.002–0.041% HREE. Seven rare earth minerals have been analysed in detail from the area, including Sr-apatite, monazite, ancylite (Ce), bastnäsite (Ce), strontianite, baryte and brabanite.

The Jammi carbonatite and fenite samples display similar REE patterns, with highest enrichment of LREE, and steep slopes towards the HREEs. The REE distribution in the whole-rock data is controlled by carbonates and apatite. REE-rich accessory phases such as monazite and ancylite (Ce) influence the REE pattern only when present in large amounts.

Mineralogical and chemical evidence demonstrates that hydrothermal processes were responsible for the REE mineralization. During late-stage processes, apatite and carbonate minerals were replaced by various assemblages of REE–Sr–Ba minerals. Apatite could be a potential source for REE as a by-product of phosphate production in the Sokli area.
A biogeochemical orientation survey around a low-grade uranium deposit in black shale in the Goesan district, Korea
Authors: Kim Jong-Nam , You Young-June , Chon Hyo-Taek
Published: July 2013

Biogeochemical methods have been widely applied for uranium mineral exploration, but there have been few applications for low-grade uranium deposits. This paper describes a biogeochemical method of exploration for U in black shale areas. Sampling was performed in October 2010 and the following May along three survey lines at 15 sampling points 30 m apart. Daimyo oak (
Quercus dentata
) leaves and twigs, Japanese red pine (
Pinus densiflora
) twigs, and soils were collected at each sampling site, and the same suite of samples from five sites in a control area. Soil samples were analysed by INAA and four-acid digestion ICP-AES, and plant samples by ICP-MS after ashing to calculate values levelled to a dry-weight basis.

The range of U in soils is from 2.7 to 694 ppm (mean 91.8 ppm; median 34.5 ppm); in plant samples, the ranges in
Quercus dentata
leaves and twigs, and
Pinus densiflora
twigs are from 0.007 to 2.687 ppm (mean 0.160 ppm; median 0.063 ppm), from 0.002 to 0.53 ppm (mean 0.037 ppm; median 0.012 ppm), and from 0.002 to 0.2 ppm (mean 0.014 ppm; median 0.009 ppm), respectively.

In general, profiles of U concentrations in soil and plant samples coincide relatively well with the mineralized zone, although an inferior relationship at some sites may be due to down-slope displacement of soil.
Quercus dentata
twigs are considered to be useful as a biogeochemical medium to explore for low-grade U deposits in the study area.