bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association study reveals ethnicity-specific SNPs associated with ankylosing spondylitis in the Taiwanese population
Authors: Ko Ching-Lung , Lin Wei-Zhi , Lee Meng-Ting , Chang Yu-Tien , Lin Hung-Che , Wu Yi-Syuan , Lin Jun-Fu , Pan Ke-Ting , Chang Yu-Chuan , Lee Ko-Han , Lee Yi-Lun , Hsieh Tsung-Ting , Huang Jia-Hsin , Wang Chih-Hung , Yang Sung-Sen , Chen Hsiang-Cheng , Chu Chi-Ming
Published: December 2022

Background

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease affecting mainly spine and sacroiliac joints and adjacent soft tissues. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are used to evaluate genetic associations and to predict genetic risk factors that determine the biological basis of disease susceptibility.

We aimed to explore the race-specific SNP susceptibility of AS in Taiwanese individuals and to investigate the association between HLA-B27 and AS susceptibility SNPs in Taiwan.

Methods

Genotyping data were collected from a medical center participating in the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) in the northern district of Taiwan. We designed a case–control study to identify AS susceptibility SNPs through GWAS. We searched the genome browser to find the corresponding susceptibility genes and used the GTEx database to confirm the regulation of gene expression. A polygenic risk score approach was also applied to evaluate the genetic variants in the prediction of developing AS.

Results

The results showed that the SNPs located on the sixth chromosome were related to higher susceptibility in the AS group. There was no overlap between our results and the susceptibility SNPs found in other races. The 12 tag SNPs located in the MHC region that were found through the linkage disequilibrium method had higher gene expression. Furthermore, Taiwanese people with HLA-B27 positivity had a higher proportion of minor alleles. This might be the reason that the AS prevalence is higher in Taiwan than in other countries. We developed AS polygenic risk score models with six different methods in which those with the top 10% polygenic risk had a fivefold increased risk of developing AS compared to the remaining group with low risk.

Conclusion

A total of 147 SNPs in the Taiwanese population were found to be statistically significantly associated with AS on the sixth pair of chromosomes and did not overlap with previously published sites in the GWAS Catalog. Whether those genes mapped by AS-associated SNPs are involved in AS and what the pathogenic mechanism of the mapped genes is remain to be further studied.
Impact of disease-modifying therapy on dendritic cells and exploring their immunotherapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Liu Caiyun , Zhu Jie , Mi Yan , Jin Tao
Published: December 2022

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which play a pivotal role in inducing either inflammatory or tolerogenic response based on their subtypes and environmental signals. Emerging evidence indicates that DCs are critical for initiation and progression of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Current disease-modifying therapies (DMT) for MS can significantly affect DCs’ functions. However, the study on the impact of DMT on DCs is rare, unlike T and B lymphocytes that are the most commonly discussed targets of these therapies. Induction of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) with powerful therapeutic potential has been well-established to combat autoimmune responses in laboratory models and early clinical trials. In contrast to in vitro tolDC induction, in vivo elicitation by specifically targeting multiple cell-surface receptors has shown greater promise with more advantages. Here, we summarize the role of DCs in governing immune tolerance and in the process of initiating and perpetuating MS as well as the effects of current DMT drugs on DCs. We then highlight the most promising cell-surface receptors expressed on DCs currently being explored as the viable pharmacological targets through antigen delivery to generate tolDCs in vivo.
Effect of a communication intervention on alcohol use during pregnancy in post conflict Northern Uganda: a quasi experimental study
Authors: Agiresaasi Apophia , Nassanga Goretti , Maina Gakenia Wamuyu , Kiguli Juliet , Nabiwemba Elizabeth , Kiwanuka Noah , Mukose Aggrey , Tumwesigye Nazarius Mbona
Published: December 2022

Background

Alcohol use during pregnancy is a preventable risk factor for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum disorders. Psycho-social and educational interventions have been reported to enable women reduce alcohol intake levels during pregnancy and help improve some health outcomes of unhealthy alcohol use. We set out to assess the effect of a communication intervention on alcohol use during pregnancy in post conflict northern Uganda.

Methods

The study employed a quasi - experimental design to assess the effect of a community health worker led communication strategy on pregnant women’s knowledge, attitudes and various patterns of alcohol use using Difference in Difference(DiD). 420 respondents were recruited at baseline as at endline.

Results

The communication messages were significantly associated with reduced odds of binge drinking (P = 0.018; OR = 0.09; CI = 0.012–0.66). Also those who received the intervention were less likely to drink frequently (P = 0.80; OR = 0.75; 95%CI = 0.074–7.5) or be harmful alcohol users(P = 0.948). The intervention also positively influenced having fair (β =0.49;P = 0.217;RRR =1.63)or adequate knowledge(β = 0.89;P = 0.25;RRR = 2.44) and having positive(β = 0.37;RRR =1.44;P = 0.46) or fair attitude(β = 0.19;RRR = 1.21;P = 0.693) although not to a significant level.

Conclusions

The communication intervention affected some patterns of alcohol use among pregnant women and not others. Our results contribute to existing evidence that communication interventions are a promising approach in reduction of alcohol exposed pregnancies. Interventions aimed at promoting alcohol abstinence during pregnancy should be implemented alongside other strategies that address factors that influence pregnant women to drink to achieve maximum results.
Thoracic injuries in trauma patients: epidemiology and its influence on mortality
Authors: Lundin Andrea , Akram Shahzad K. , Berg Lena , Göransson Katarina E. , Enocson Anders
Published: December 2022

Background

Thoracic injuries are common among trauma patients. Studies on trauma patients with thoracic injuries have reported considerable differences in morbidity and mortality, and there is limited research on comparison between trauma patients with and without thoracic injuries, particularly in the Scandinavian population. Thoracic injuries in trauma patients should be identified early and need special attention since the differences in injury patterns among patient population are important as they entail different treatment regimens and influence patient outcomes. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiology of trauma patients with and without thoracic injuries and its influence on 30-day mortality.

Methods

Patients were identified through the Karolinska Trauma Register. The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) system was used to find patients with thoracic injuries. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors [age, gender, ASA class, GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale), NISS (New Injury Severity Score) and thoracic injury] associated with 30-day mortality.

Results

A total of 2397 patients were included. Of those, 768 patients (32%) had a thoracic injury. The mean (± SD, range) age of all patients (n = 2397) was 46 (20, 18–98) years, and the majority (n = 1709, 71%) of the patients were males. There was a greater proportion of patients with rib fractures among older (≥ 60 years) patients, whereas younger patients had a higher proportion of injuries to the internal thoracic organs. The 30-day mortality was 11% (n = 87) in patients with thoracic injury and 4.3% (n = 71) in patients without. After multivariable adjustment, a thoracic injury was found to be associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–3.0); as was age ≥ 60 years (OR 3.7, 95% CI 2.3–6.0), ASA class 3–4 (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4–3.6), GCS 1–8 (OR 21, 95% CI 13–33) and NISS > 15 (OR 4.2, 2.4–7.3).

Conclusion

Thoracic injury was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality after adjustment for relevant key variables. We also found a difference in injury patterns with older patients having a higher proportion of rib fractures, whilst younger patients suffered more internal thoracic organ injuries.
Analysis and comparison of web searches in Google Trends in the business and industrial category for the word’s “resilience” and “wellbeing" during COVID-19
Authors: Truong Hang , McLachlan Craig Steven
Published: December 2022

Objective

The comparison of Google internet searches for worker wellbeing and resilience during COVID has not previously been undertaken. It is important to understand interest in wellbeing and resilience as both constructs influence health and burnout. Our objective to investigate internet interest in both wellbeing and resilience during COVID. Using Google Trends, data on global search English word queries we compared “worker wellbeing” or “wellbeing” versus “resilience” or “psychological resilience”. Two time periods were compared, the last 5 years and the last 12 months, both up until the end of April 2022. The relationship between web search interest, reflected by search volume index (SVI) for all categories versus the business and industrial category evaluated.

Results

Open category searches on Google trends for the key words “worker wellbeing” or “wellbeing” demonstrated increased SVI peaks for COVID periods. Sub-group analyses demonstrated the category business and industrial had less web search interest in wellbeing and an increase in search terms related to resilience but not psychological resilience. Online interest in wellbeing and resilience represents a complex search metric. There are differing search interests depending on whether the category business and industrial is chosen versus the general Google Trends category.
The impact of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) extract on activation of endosomal toll like receptors and their downstream signaling pathways
Authors: Ghasempour Masoumeh , Hosseini Maryam , Soltani-Zangbar Mohammad Sadegh , Motavalli Roza , Aghebati-Maleki Leili , Dolati Sanam , Mehdizadeh Amir , Yousefi Mehdi , Ahmadian Heris Javad
Published: December 2022

Objectives

From the ancient, medicinal benefits of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) have been implicated for respiratory and digestive diseases despite the effects of Hyssop on viral infections have not been mechanistically investigated. In this study, we examined whether the Hyssop extract activated anti-viral innate immunity, as a sentinel for immune system, through activation of endosomal TLRs recognizing nucleic acids and their downstream signaling. The Hyssop herb extracts was prepared and co-cultured with healthy individual’s peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). After viability assay, gene expression levels of TLR3,7,8,9, as well as MyD88 and NF-κB, were evaluated in treated PBMCs using Real-time PCR. Next, the secretion level of immune related cytokines was quantified via ELISA.

Results

Post 24 h, 40 µg/ml of the extract significantly inhibited the viability of less than 50% of cells compared to the control and had a maximum effect on cellular function. The Hyssop-treated PBMCs demonstrated an elevated expression of endosomal TLRs genes, as well as MyD88 and NF-κB. Moreover, the release of INF-α and β notably enhanced in cell culture supernatant, while the content of inflammatory cytokines remarkably diminished (P < 0.05). The Hyssop extract was capable of inducing antiviral innate immune responses so can be promising in antiviral drug strategies.
Underlying IPEX syndrome in a patient with idiopathic juvenile arthritis and vitiligo
Authors: Mendonça Leonardo Oliveira , dos Reis Chuster Adriana Pitchon , Dorna Mayra Barros , Barros Samar Freschi , Alves Janaina Baptista , Gonçalves Victor Lucas , Yang Ariana Campos , Kalil Jorge , Toledo-Barros Myrthes Anna Maragna , Kokron Cristina Maria
Published: December 2022

Background

IPEX syndrome is an X-linked inborn error of immunity clinically characterized by the triad of: enteropathy, polyendocrinopathy and eczema. However many other clinical presentations lacking the triad above described have been reported what underpin the need of careful clinical suspicion, immunological evaluation and genetic sequencing.

Case presentation

Here we report a case of a Brazilian boy with severe eczema as the first and only presentation requiring cyclosporin therapy. Progressive and cumulative symptoms of arthritis and enteropathy lead to the suspicion of an inborn error of immunity. Peripheral FOXP3 expression was normal (CD127−/CD4+/CD25+/FOXP3+—396 cells—63%) and a pathogenic mutation in FOXP3 gene (c.1150G>A; p.Ala384Thr), confirmed the diagnosis of IPEX syndrome.

Conclusions

IPEX syndrome should be suspected in patients presenting with severe eczema associated or not with other autoimmune/hyper inflammatory diseases in life. Our study also reinforces that FOXP3 expression by flowcytometry seems not to be a good screening method, and genetic sequencing is mandatory even in those with high suspicion and normal peripheral FOXP3 expression.
ReMODE: a deep learning-based web server for target-specific drug design
Authors: Wang Mingyang , Wang Jike , Weng Gaoqi , Kang Yu , Pan Peichen , Li Dan , Deng Yafeng , Li Honglin , Hsieh Chang-Yu , Hou Tingjun
Published: December 2022

Deep learning (DL) and machine learning contribute significantly to basic biology research and drug discovery in the past few decades. Recent advances in DL-based generative models have led to superior developments in de novo drug design. However, data availability, deep data processing, and the lack of user-friendly DL tools and interfaces make it difficult to apply these DL techniques to drug design. We hereby present ReMODE (Receptor-based MOlecular DEsign), a new web server based on DL algorithm for target-specific ligand design, which integrates different functional modules to enable users to develop customizable drug design tasks. As designed, the ReMODE sever can construct the target-specific tasks toward the protein targets selected by users. Meanwhile, the server also provides some extensions: users can optimize the drug-likeness or synthetic accessibility of the generated molecules, and control other physicochemical properties; users can also choose a sub-structure/scaffold as a starting point for fragment-based drug design. The ReMODE server also enables users to optimize the pharmacophore matching and docking conformations of the generated molecules. We believe that the ReMODE server will benefit researchers for drug discovery. ReMODE is publicly available at http://cadd.zju.edu.cn/relation/remode/.

Graphical Abstract
Fatal blast injuries in tyre blowouts: two autopsy case reports
Authors: Ben Daly Amal , Gharsallaoui Sarra , Jedidi Maher , Gammoudi Bilel , Zemni Majed , Souguir Mohamed Kamel , Ben Dhiab Mohamed
Published: December 2022

Background

Fatal blast injuries are generally reported as a consequence of explosions, mainly in terrorist events, work-related detonations, or domestic settings. Although quite rare, blast injuries of high kinetic energy can be seen in tyre blowouts and are very dangerous and potentially lethal because of their unpredictability. This phenomenon is rarely reported in the existing forensic literature.

The aim of this study was to report two cases of fatal truck tyre bursts and to discuss the mechanisms leading to the burst and the pattern of injuries.

Case presentations

Case 1 was of a 58-year-old truck driver man who was standing nearby a detached tyre that was being inflated in a repair shop when the burst occurred. The tyre struck him in the face and threw him. The medicolegal autopsy showed a right periorbital haematoma, a large wound of the left parietal scalp, a diffuse subarachnoid haemorrhage, an atlanto-occipital dislocation, a fracture of the hyoid bone, multiple rib fractures, and lacerations of the ascending aorta and the pulmonary arteries. Case 2 involved a young man of 24-year-old, a worker in a tyre repair shop, who was inflating a truck’s tyre when it burst violently. The injuries sustained included bleeding from the right ear, fractures of the facial bones, a left hemispheric subdural haematoma associated with the fracture of the skull base, a rib fracture, and diffuse areas of contusions to the lungs. Toxicological analyses were negative in both cases.

Conclusion

Fatalities related to tyre blowout accidents are uncommon. The mechanisms leading to a blowout can be mechanical or chemical in origin, and the main danger of a burst often occurs when air enters the tyre during inflation. Internal damage caused by the pressure waves of the blast often exceeds what would be expected based on external signs alone.
Urinary N-Acetyl-β-D glucosaminidase (uNAG) levels as an early marker for diabetic nephropathy in children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ghobrial Emad E. , Said Amal M. , Abd El Shaheed Gerges F. , Shaalan Yomna M.
Published: December 2022

Background

Diabetic nephropathy is considered a major complication among patients with type 1 diabetes. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase levels (uNAG) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods

This cross-sectional study of 60 patients with type 1 DM, was categorized into two groups (normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria) and 30 healthy controls. uNAG was measured in all cases and controls.

Results

Patients with type 1 DM showed increased mean uNAG values compared to controls. Interestingly, increased NAG levels were found in diabetic patients without early signs of glomerular damage (normoalbuminuric). The severity of renal disease, poor glycemic control, and duration of diabetes were all proportional to uNAG increased levels.

Conclusions

NAG measurement is a useful, noninvasive tool for assessing renal involvement in children with diabetes and for early diagnosis of developing nephropathy.
Substance Use Among Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer With Cognitive Impairment: An Analysis of the Project Forward Cohort
Authors: Ng Ding Quan , Ritt-Olson Anamara , Freyer David R. , Miller Kimberly A. , Thomas Stefanie M. , Milam Joel , Chan Alexandre
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE:

Young adult childhood cancer survivors (YACCSs) are often impacted by cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) and psychological distress. Using the Project Forward Cohort, we evaluated the relationship between CRCI and substance use behaviors.

METHODS:

YACCSs were surveyed between 2015 and 2018 (N = 1,106, female = 50.8%, Hispanic = 51.5%, median age = 25.5 years). Associations between CRCI and substance use (tobacco, binge drinking, marijuana, prescription drug misuse, and e-cigarette/vaporizer) were examined in multivariate logistic or log-binomial regressions, adjusting for child at diagnosis (0-14 years), years since diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, cancer type, and treatment intensity. Mediation analysis was performed to determine opportunities for interventions.

RESULTS:

CRCI was reported by 144 (13.0%) survivors. The highest prevalence was observed in CNS cancers (25.4%) and leukemia (13.3%) survivors. After covariate adjustment, CRCI was associated with 2.26 times the odds of prior 30-day vaping (95% CI, 1.24 to 4.11; P = .007). Mediators with significant indirect effects in the CRCI-vaping relationship include depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) and having two or more cancer-related late effects ( P < .05).

CONCLUSION:

CRCI among YACCSs was associated with reports of vaping. Oncologists should screen for vaping behavior if CRCI is apparent. Increasing access to long-term follow-up clinics, addressing physical and mental health issues, and monitoring and educating on vaping and other substance use behaviors is recommended to improve the long-term health of YACCSs.
Healthy Running Habits for the Distance Runner: Clinical Utility of the American College of Sports Medicine Infographic
Authors: Vincent Heather K. , Vincent Kevin R.
Published: December 2022

Healthy running form is characterized by motion that minimizes mechanical musculoskeletal injury risks and improves coactivation of muscles that can buffer impact loading and reduce stresses related to chronic musculoskeletal pain. The American College of Sports Medicine Consumer Outreach Committee recently launched an infographic that describes several healthy habits for the general distance runner. This review provides the supporting evidence, expected acute motion changes with use, and practical considerations for clinical use in patient cases. Healthy habits include: taking short, quick, and soft steps; abdominal bracing; elevating cadence; linearizing arm swing; controlling forward trunk lean, and; avoiding running through fatigue. Introduction of these habits can be done sequentially one at a time to build on form, or more than one over time. Adoption can be supported by various feedback forms and cueing. These habits are most successful against injury when coupled with regular dynamic strengthening of the kinetic chain, adequate recovery with training, and appropriate shoe wear.
Past and Future Trends in Refugee Migration on the Regional Level in Germany – An Analysis and Projection of Labor Market Effects
Authors: Vanella Patrizio , Hellwagner Timon , Deschermeier Philipp
Published: December 2022

Since 2013, more than two million refugees have arrived in Germany and have been allocated across federal states and districts according to legal policies. A steadily increasing number of refugees is now entering the German labor market, albeit under varying economic and demographic contexts. However, regional differences in refugees’ labor market integration have received little attention both retrospectively and particularly prospectively, given the projected population decline across Germany. Addressing this apparent shortcoming in the literature, we collect data on refugee arrivals by gender, nationality, approval rates, and regional allocation from 1995 to 2019. Applying principal component analysis and time series analysis, we first analyze past patterns of refugee migration to Germany and project both arrivals and regional allocations by gender and nationality until 2030. Then, combining the collected migration figures for German labor market regions and official labor market statistics, we investigate past regional employment effects from 2008 to 2019. Next, we calculate corresponding future employment effects conditional on our projected refugee figures, our estimation results, and official regional demographic forecasts until 2030. Our findings suggest that refugee migration does not affect German labor market regions equally, but instead has and will continue to lead to distinct regional employment effects. Moreover, the labor market integration differs by gender and origin of the refugees. Consequently, the interaction of regional employment effects with projected population change gives rise to different regional mitigation potentials in view of the upcoming population decline.

* This article belongs to a special issue on "Refugee Migration to Europe – Challenges and Potentials for Cities and Regions".
Species Diversity and Distribution Area of Lichen in Baturraden Botanical Garden, Banyumas
Authors: Yulianti Siska Dwi , Mulyaningrum Eko Retno , Rahayu Praptining
Published: December 2022

Lichen is a symbiotic organism between fungi and algae which is used as a bioindicator of air pollution. This study aims to determine the diversity of species and distribution areas of lichen in Baturraden Botanical Garden, Banyumas Regency by using purposive random sampling method. Sampling was carried out at three stations, namely flora of Java forest (Javanese mountain plants), resin tree forest (damar forest), and natural forest. Based on the results of the research at the three observation stations, 10 species of lichen were found. The lichens found belonged to 8 families including Cryptothecia striata (Family Arthoniaceae), Dirinaria picta (Family Caliciaceae), Graphis scripta and Diorygma poitaei (Family Graphidaceae), Parmotrema austrosinense and Parmotrema perlatum (Family Parmeliaceae), Psilolechia lucida (Family Psilolechiaceae), Lepraria caeosioalba (Family Stereocaulaceae), Normandina pulchella (Family Verrucariaceae), Opegrapha atra (Family Opegraphaceae). The thallus types of lichen found were foliose, crustose, and squamulose species. The average value of the species diversity index from the three stations is H' = 1.493 in the moderate abundance category. The distribution of lichens in Baturraden Botanical Garden is influenced by climatic factors (light intensity, air temperature, humidity), topographic factors (altitude) and environmental conditions.
Morphological Variation of “Jamur So” (Scleroderma sp.) from Purworejo Regency, Central Java
Authors: Pratiwi Ambar , Putri Diah Asta , Gultom Putri Syifa , Indah Rosiana , Sasongko Hadi
Published: December 2022

Fungal diversity is high in Indonesia, one of which is Scleroderma sp. Scleroderma forms a symbiotic relationship with Gnetum gnemon. Its fruiting body is puff-ball shaped, and its gleba can be consumed because of its taste and nutritious. Study on the Scleroderma’s diversity in Purworejo Regency has not been done. In this study, morphological characteristics were used as main identification character.  Scleroderma samples were collected from Grabag, Kemiri, and Kaligesing and then observed their morphology and spore characteristics. Morphological traits observed on fruit body shape (globose and kidney-shaped); and ornamentation on peridium layer (cracked, nodule and peeling). Chemical content, temperature, and humidity of the soil were also observed as supporting data.
Inventory of Collembola Species Around Ahmad Dahlan University Campus 4 And Its Surroundings
Authors: Hanifuddin Afnan Saud , Kamalia Lulu Atikah
Published: December 2022

Collembola has an important value for the environment as a bioindicator in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. Land conversion in the UAD campus 4 area can reduce the diversity of Collembola.  This study aims to find out the level of diversity of Collembola species that exist on campus 4 of UAD and its surroundings, and also find out which areas have the highest and lowest number of individuals. The research area for sampling in this study is the UAD 4 campus area, vacant land, housing and rice fields. Sampling was carried out as many as four repetitions. The collembola trapped in the pitfall trap is then moved in a microtube. The collembola that has been obtained is then identified up to the species level. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive analysis. The types of collembola obtained at campus 4 UAD and its surroundings are Folsomia sp,, Isotoma sp., Isotomurus sp., Entomobrya sp., Sminthurus sp., Hypogatrusa sp, and Lepidocyrtus sp. The collembola species that is most commonly found are from Entomobrya famili with 106 individuals and the least individual from Sminthuridae famiili with 4 individuals.
Cadomian/Pan-African consolidation of the Iberian Massif assessed by its detrital and inherited zircon populations: is the ~610Ma age peak a persistent Cadomian magmatic inheritance or the key to unravel its Pan-African basement?
Authors: Chichorro Martim , Solá Ana Rita , Bento dos Santos Telmo , Amaral João Lains , Crispim Lourenço
Published: December 2022

This work assessed the age distribution of Cadomian/Pan-African orogenic events (550-590 and 605-790Ma, respectively) in several zones of Iberian Massif by means of detrital and inherited zircon analysis compilation.
Diabolical points in coupled ridge resonators
Authors: Chen Junxue , Tang Luchi , Wang Liu , Tang Tao , Liang Qiuqun
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the resonant optical properties of two coupled ridges on the surface of a single-mode dielectric slab waveguide are theoretically investigated. The diabolical points of a structure can be achieved by near-field coupling and far-field interference of resonance modes in the ridges. The uniform unity transmission and

2

π

spectral phase span are demonstrated around the diabolical points. By using the temporal coupled-mode theory, we analyze the generating conditions of diabolical points in coupled ridges and the corresponding group delay around diabolical points. The influences of optical loss and excitation beam width on the optical response at diabolical points of a structure are also discussed. Diabolical points in the waveguide system have potential applications in dispersion compensation and phase-only modulators in integrated optical circuits.
Low-temperature polycrystalline silicon waveguides for low loss transmission in the near-to-mid-infrared region
Authors: Ghosh Amar N. , Macfarquhar Stuart J. , Aktas Ozan , Saini Than S. , Oo Swe Z. , Chong Harold M. H. , Peacock Anna C.
Published: December 2022

Low-temperature deposited polycrystalline silicon waveguides are emerging as a flexible platform that allows for dense optoelectronic integration. Here, the optical transmission properties of poly-silicon waveguides have been characterized from the near-to-mid-infrared wavelength regime, extending the optical transmission well beyond previous reports in the telecom band. The poly-Si waveguides with a dimension of 3 µm × ∼0.6 µm have been produced from pre-patterned amorphous silicon waveguides that are post-processed through laser melting, reflowing, and crystallization using a highly localized laser induced heat treatment at a wavelength of 532 nm. Low optical transmission losses (<3 dB cm−1) have been observed at 1.55 µm as well as across the wavelength range of 2−2.25 µm, aided by the relatively large waveguide heights that are enabled by the deposition process. The results demonstrate the suitability of low-temperature poly-silicon waveguides to find wide ranging applications within integrated mid-infrared systems.
Optical mode conversion via spatiotemporally modulated atomic susceptibility
Authors: Baum Claire , Jaffe Matt , Palm Lukas , Kumar Aishwarya , Simon Jonathan
Published: December 2022

Light is an excellent medium for both classical and quantum information transmission due to its speed, manipulability, and abundant degrees of freedom into which to encode information. Recently, space-division multiplexing has gained attention as a means to substantially increase the rate of information transfer by utilizing sets of infinite-dimensional propagation eigenmodes such as the Laguerre-Gaussian “donut” modes. Encoding in these high-dimensional spaces necessitates devices capable of manipulating photonic degrees of freedom with high efficiency. In this work, we demonstrate controlling the optical susceptibility of an atomic sample can be used as powerful tool for manipulating the degrees of freedom of light that pass through the sample. Utilizing this tool, we demonstrate photonic mode conversion between two Laguerre-Gaussian modes of a twisted optical cavity with high efficiency. We spatiotemporally modulate the optical susceptibility of an atomic sample that sits at the cavity waist using an auxiliary Stark-shifting beam, in effect creating a mode-coupling optic that converts modes of orbital angular momentum l = 3 → l = 0. The internal conversion efficiency saturates near unity as a function of the atom number and modulation beam intensity, finding application in topological few-body state preparation, quantum communication, and potential development as a flexible tabletop device.
Simultaneous measurement of axial strain and temperature based on a twin-core single-hole fiber with the optical Vernier effect
Authors: Li Yujian , Liu Yifan , Yuan Weihao , Yu Changyuan
Published: December 2022

An ultrasensitive optical fiber sensor based on the optical Vernier effect is proposed for the simultaneous measurement of axial strain and temperature. The sensor structure comprises two cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) with different free space ranges. The single MZI is built up by fusion splicing a segment of ∼3 mm twin-core single-hole fiber (TCSHF) between two pieces of ∼5 mm none core fibers (NCF). When acting separately, each MZI can respond linearly to the axial strain change with a sensitivity of ∼ 0.6 pm/µε and temperature with a sensitivity of ∼34 pm/°C. When the two MZIs are cascaded in series, the sensitivities are amplified about 30 times because of the optical Vernier effect. Experimental results demonstrate that the cascaded structure exhibits a high axial strain sensitivity of ∼ 17 pm/µε in the range of 0 to 2000 µε and temperature sensitivity of ∼1.16 nm/°C in the range of 30 to 70 °C. Moreover, the cascaded structure can simultaneously measure the axial strain and temperature change in the acceptable error ranges.
Super multi-view near-eye virtual reality with directional backlights from wave-guides
Authors: Teng Dongdong , Lai Chengliang , Song Qiang , Yang Xin , Liu Lilin
Published: December 2022

Directional backlights have often been employed for generating multiple view-zones in three-dimensional (3D) display, with each backlight converging into a corresponding view-zone. By designing the view-zone interval for each pupil smaller than the pupil's diameter, super multi-view (SMV) can get implemented for a VAC-free 3D display. However, expanding the backlight from a light-source to cover the corresponding display panel often needs an extra thickness, which results in a thicker structure and is unwanted by a near-eye display. In this paper, two wave-guides are introduced into a near-eye virtual reality (NEVR) system, for sequentially guiding more than one directional backlight to each display panel for SMV display without bringing obvious extra thickness. A prototype SMV NEVR gets demonstrated, with two backlights from each wave-guide converging into two view-zones for a corresponding pupil. Although the additional configured light-sources are positioned far from the corresponding wave-guide in our proof-of-concept prototype, multiple light-sources can be attached to the corresponding wave-guide compactly if necessary. As proof, a 3D scene with defocus-blur effects gets displayed. The design range of the backlights’ total reflection angles in the wave-guide is also discussed.
Temperature distribution of an SG-DBR laser cooled by a thermoelectric cooler
Authors: Khaksar Zeinab S. , Bahrampour Alireza
Published: December 2022

We introduce a one-dimensional analytical model to determine the steady-state thermal behavior of a sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector laser coupled to a thermoelectric element cooler. The governing equations are a system of ordinary differential equations that can be solved analytically. This method can easily be used when the laser is integrated with more functional elements, e. g., semiconductor optical amplifiers and amplitude modulators. The results are verified by the numerical finite element method and experimental data reported by other researchers. A comparison between the results of the analytical and numerical methods reveals the high consistency between them.
Mixed mechanism of conformational selection and induced fit as a molecular recognition process in the calreticulin family of proteins
Authors: Mamidi Ashalatha Sreshty , Surolia Avadhesha
Published: December 2022

The fundamental question on the mechanism of molecular recognition during ligand binding has attracted a lot of scientific scrutiny. The two competing theories of ligand binding–“induced fit” and “conformational selection” have been proposed to explain biomolecular recognition. Since exploring a family of proteins with similar structural architectures and conserved functional roles can provide valuable insight into the significance of molecular structure and function, we performed molecular dynamics simulations on the calreticulin family of proteins, which specifically recognize monoglucosylated N-glycan during the protein folding process. Atomistic simulations of lectins in free and bound forms demonstrated that they exist in several conformations spanning from favorable to unfavorable for glycan binding. Our analysis was confined to the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of these lectins to demonstrate the degree of conservation in protein sequence and structure and relate them with their function. Furthermore, we computed the lectin-glycan binding affinity using the mmPBSA approach to identify the most favorable lectin conformation for glycan binding and compared the molecular interaction fields in terms of noncovalent bond interactions. We also demonstrated the involvement of Tyr and Trp residues in the CRD with the non-reducing end glucose and central mannose residues, which contribute to some of the specific interactions. Furthermore, we analyzed the conformational changes in the CRD through SASA, RMSFs and protein surface topography mapping of electrostatic and hydrophobic potentials. Our findings demonstrate a hybrid mechanism of molecular recognition, initially driven by conformational selection followed by glycan-induced fluctuations in the key residues to strengthen the glycan binding interactions.
Rad51-mediated interhomolog recombination during budding yeast meiosis is promoted by the meiotic recombination checkpoint and the conserved Pif1 helicase
Authors: Ziesel Andrew , Weng Qixuan , Ahuja Jasvinder S. , Bhattacharya Abhishek , Dutta Raunak , Cheng Evan , Börner G. Valentin , Lichten Michael , Hollingsworth Nancy M.
Published: December 2022

During meiosis, recombination between homologous chromosomes (homologs) generates crossovers that promote proper segregation at the first meiotic division. Recombination is initiated by Spo11-catalyzed DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). 5’ end resection of the DSBs creates 3’ single strand tails that two recombinases, Rad51 and Dmc1, bind to form presynaptic filaments that search for homology, mediate strand invasion and generate displacement loops (D-loops). D-loop processing then forms crossover and non-crossover recombinants. Meiotic recombination occurs in two temporally distinct phases. During Phase 1, Rad51 is inhibited and Dmc1 mediates the interhomolog recombination that promotes homolog synapsis. In Phase 2, Rad51 becomes active and functions with Rad54 to repair residual DSBs, making increasing use of sister chromatids. The transition from Phase 1 to Phase 2 is controlled by the meiotic recombination checkpoint through the meiosis-specific effector kinase Mek1. This work shows that constitutive activation of Rad51 in Phase 1 results in a subset of DSBs being repaired by a Rad51-mediated interhomolog recombination pathway that is distinct from that of Dmc1. Strand invasion intermediates generated by Rad51 require more time to be processed into recombinants, resulting in a meiotic recombination checkpoint delay in prophase I. Without the checkpoint, Rad51-generated intermediates are more likely to involve a sister chromatid, thereby increasing Meiosis I chromosome nondisjunction. This Rad51 interhomolog recombination pathway is specifically promoted by the conserved 5’-3’ helicasePIF1and its paralog,RRM3and requires Pif1 helicase activity and its interaction with PCNA. This work demonstrates that (1) inhibition of Rad51 during Phase 1 is important to prevent competition with Dmc1 for DSB repair, (2) Rad51-mediated meiotic recombination intermediates are initially processed differently than those made by Dmc1, and (3) the meiotic recombination checkpoint provides time during prophase 1 for processing of Rad51-generated recombination intermediates.
CHSI costing study–Challenges and solutions for cost data collection in private hospitals in India
Authors: Singh Maninder Pal , Popli Riya , Brar Sehr , Rajsekar Kavitha , Sachin Oshima , Naik Jyotsna , Kumar Sanjay , Sinha Setu , Singh Varsha , Patel Prakash , Verma Ramesh , Hazra Avijit , Misra Raghunath , Mehrotra Divya , Biswal Sashi Bhusan , Panigrahy Ankita , Gaur Kusum Lata , Pankaj Jai Prakash , Sharma Dharmesh Kumar , Madhavi Kondeti , Madhusudana Pulaganti , Narayanasamy K. , Chitra A. , Velhal Gajanan D. , Bhondve Amit S. , Bahl Rakesh , Kaur Sharminder , Prinja Shankar
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana(AB PM-JAY) has enabled the Government of India to become a strategic purchaser of health care services from private providers. To generate base cost evidence for evidence-based policymaking the Costing of Health Services in India (CHSI) study was commissioned in 2018 for the price setting of health benefit packages. This paper reports the findings of a process evaluation of the cost data collection in the private hospitals.

Methods

The process evaluation of health system costing in private hospitals was an exploratory survey with mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative). We used three approaches–an online survey using a semi-structured questionnaire, in-depth interviews, and a review of monitoring data. The process of data collection was assessed in terms of time taken for different aspects, resources used, level and nature of difficulty encountered, challenges and solutions.

Results

The mean time taken for data collection in a private hospital was 9.31 (± 1.0) person months including time for obtaining permissions, actual data collection and entry, and addressing queries for data completeness and quality. The longest time was taken to collect data on human resources (30%), while it took the least time for collecting information on building and space (5%). On a scale of 1 (lowest) to 10 (highest) difficulty levels, the data on human resources was the most difficult to collect. This included data on salaries (8), time allocation (5.5) and leaves (5).

Discussion

Cost data from private hospitals is crucial for mixed health systems. Developing formal mechanisms of cost accounting data and data sharing as pre-requisites for empanelment under a national insurance scheme can significantly ease the process of cost data collection.
Determinants of cognitive impairment in multiple system atrophy: Clinical and genetic study
Authors: Nasri Amina , Gharbi Alya , Sghaier Ikram , Mrabet Saloua , Souissi Amira , Gargouri Amina , Djebara Mouna Ben , Kacem Imen , Gouider Riadh
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Classically, cognitive impairment (CI) was not considered as a paramount feature of multiple system atrophy(MSA) in both parkinsonian(MSA-P) and cerebellar(MSA-C) motor-subtypes. Yet, growing evidence indicates currently the commonness of such deficits among MSA patients in different populations. Our aim was to evaluate the cognitive profile of MSA Tunisian patients and to analyze the underlying clinical and genetic determinants

Methods

In a retrospective cross-sectional study, clinically-diagnosed MSA patients were included. All subjects underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessments to characterize their cognitive profile. The associations with their APOE genotype status were analyzed. Determinant of CI were specified.

Results

We included 71 MSA patients. Female gender(sex-ratio = 0.65) and MSA-P subtype(73%) were predominant. Mean age of disease onset was 59.1years. CI was found in 85.7% of patients(dementia in 12.7% and Mild cognitive impairment(MCI) in 73% of patients mainly of multiple-domain amnestic type(37.3%)). Mean MMSE score was lower among MSA-P compared to MSA-C(23.52 vs. 26.47;p = 0.027). Higher postural instability gait disorder(PIGD) and MDS-UPDRS-III scores were noted in demented MSA patients(p = 0.019;p = 0.015 respectively). The main altered cognitive domain was attention(64.8%). Executive functions and mood disorders were more affected in MSA-P(p = 0.029,p = 0.035 respectively). Clinical and neurophysiological study of dysautonomia revealed no differences across cognitive subtypes. APOE genotyping was performed in 51 MSA patients with available blood samples. Those carrying APOEε4 had 1.32 fold higher risk to develop CI, with lower MMSE score(p = 0.0001). Attention and language were significantly altered by adjusting the p value to APOEɛ4 carriers(p = 0.046 and p = 0.044 respectively). Executive dysfunction was more pronounced among MSA-PAPOEε4 carriers(p = 0.010).

Conclusion

In this study, the main determinants of CI in Tunisian MSA patients were MSA-P motor-subtype, mainly of PIGD-phenotype, disease duration and APOEε4 carrying status, defining a more altered cognitive phenotype. This effect mainly concerned executive, attention and language functions, all found to be more impaired in APOEε4 carriers with variable degrees across MSA motor-subtypes.
Totally inspired by punk: An interview with Martin Bowes and Alan Rider
Authors: Loydell Rupert
Published: December 2022

This interview contextualizes the music of two bands, Stress and Attrition, their relationship to time and place (Coventry in the early 1980s) and the zines produced at the time by both interviewees. Bowes and Rider consider DIY zine and tape culture, their bands’ relationship to punk, post-punk and indie labels, other contemporaneous music which was often the focus of the music press’ interest in the city, as well as their current music and publishing activities.
O REARRANJO DAS FORÇAS POLÍTICAS INTERNACIONAIS A PARTIR DA GUERRA NA UCRÂNIA – O FUTURO DO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO
Authors: Neves Matsushita Mariana Barboza Baeta
Published: December 2022

Contextualização: a proposta do texto consiste em fazer uma digressão histórica nos antecedentes da Guerra da Ucrânia e na construção do Estado Democrático de Direito no século XX, tendo em vista a relevância da contextualização histórica e institucional da Guerra.

Objetivo: o presente artigo tem por objetivo a análise do rearranjo das forças políticas internacionais a partir da Guerra na Ucrânia, com vistas a vislumbrar os desafi os que o Estado Democrático de Direito enfrentará após a Guerra.

Metodologia: a metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfi ca da literatura sobre o tema  e análise de notícias que tratam sobre a Guerra na Ucrânia.

Resultado: verificou-se que o Estado Democrático de Direito enfrentará relevantes desafios para a sua manutenção e desenvolvimento, tendo em vista o surgimento de o rearranjo das forças políticas internacionais.
VEÍCULOS ELÉTRICOS OU VEÍCULOS MOVIDOS À GASOLINA? A EXTRAÇÃO DO LÍTIO POR PARTE DAS EMPRESAS TRANSNACIONAIS EM FACE DO DIREITO AMBIENTAL CONSTITUCIONAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Fiorillo Celso Antonio Pacheco
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar de que maneira os veículos elétricos, dependentes do lítio (bem ambiental), poderão efetivamente se tornar uma alternativa sustentável no plano do desenvolvimento da indústria automotiva de nova energia global em face dos veículos movidos a gasolina em decorrência do que estabelece o direito ambiental constitucional.

Metodologia: A pesquisa foi estruturada bem como realizada a partir do método hermenêutico, por meio do levantamento dos trabalhos doutrinários elaborados por estudiosos especializados atuantes no âmbito da matéria investigada e da análise jurídica vinculada ao direito ambiental constitucional assim como das normas infraconstitucionais tudo com o objetivo de adequar de forma satisfatória o enquadramento do tema em face de nosso sistema jurídico em vigor.

Resultados: Restou claramente demonstrado que a indústria automotiva de nova energia global no que se refere à extração do lítio, bem ambiental estratégico e fundamental para o desenvolvimento dos veículos elétricos, está submetida não só aos princípios fundamentais de nossa Carta Magna, como também aos princípios gerais da atividade econômica com destaque para os princípios da soberania e da defesa do meio ambiente (Arts.1º,IV e 170,I e VI da CF) encontrando no princípio da prevenção os mecanismos concretos destinados a dar efetividade à gestão do denominado “ouro branco”  em proveito de um desenvolvimento verdadeiramente sustentável.

Contribuições: A principal contribuição deste estudo foi a de demonstrar que a indústria automotiva de nova energia global para que efetivamente possa desenvolver de forma satisfatória e lícita a produção de veículos elétricos necessita obedecer ao balizamento normativo estabelecido pelo direito ambiental constitucional.