bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Moderator Analysis to Identify the First-Grade Children Who Benefit More and Less From a Reading Comprehension Program: A Step Toward Aptitude-by-Treatment Interaction
Authors: Fuchs Douglas , Kearns Devin M. , Fuchs Lynn S. , Elleman Amy M. , Gilbert Jennifer K. , Patton Samuel , Peng Peng , Compton Donald L.
Published: October 2018

Because of the importance of teaching reading comprehension to struggling young readers and the infrequency with which it has been implemented and evaluated, we designed a comprehensive first-grade reading comprehension program. We conducted a component analysis of the program’s decoding/fluency and reading comprehension dimensions (DF and COMP), creating DF and DF+COMP treatments to parse the value of COMP. Students ( N = 125) were randomly assigned to the two active treatments and controls. Treatment children were tutored three times per week for 21 weeks in 45-min sessions. Children in DF and DF+COMP together performed more strongly than controls on word reading and comprehension. However, pretreatment word reading appeared to moderate these results such that children with weaker beginning word reading across the treatments outperformed similarly low-performing controls to a significantly greater extent than treatment children with stronger beginning word reading outperformed comparable controls. DF+COMP children did not perform better than DF children. Study limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed.
Self-affirmation and defensive processing of graphic cigarette warning labels by African American smokers: A community-based study
Authors: Iles Irina A , Nan Xiaoli , Ma Zexin , Feldman Robert , Butler James , Wang Min Qi , Zhao Xiaoquan
Published: October 2018

Objective:

Promoting smoking cessation through effective health messaging among African American smokers is of great urgency as African Americans suffer disproportionally more from smoking-related diseases compared to White smokers. This research examines the potential impact of self-affirmation on reducing defensive processing of graphic cigarette warning labels among African American smokers.

Method:

We conducted an experimental study in which participants were instructed to self-affirm (or not) prior to viewing graphic cigarette warning labels.

Results:

We found that although self-affirmation had no main effect on defensive processing, it interacted with initial/preexisting attitudes towards smoking to influence defensive responses such as message derogation and perceived message manipulation. For participants with more positive initial attitudes towards smoking, self-affirmation led to reduced message derogation and perceived message manipulation. For these individuals, we also found an indirect effect of self-affirmation on intentions to quit smoking through perceived message manipulation. Self-affirmation had largely no effects on participants with less positive initial attitudes towards smoking.

Conclusion:

The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Does Depleting Self-Control Result in Poorer Vigilance Performance?
Authors: Satterfield Kelly , Harwood Amanda E. , Helton William S. , Shaw Tyler H.
Published: October 2018

Objective:

To investigate whether depleting self-control prior to vigilance results in a steeper vigilance decrement.

Background:

The resource-control theory of vigilance asserts that an inherent bias toward self-generated mind-wandering draws attentional resources away from the primary task. This study seeks to test whether depleting self-control, the potential mechanism of self-generated mind-wandering, results in poorer vigilance performance.

Method:

This study featured a between-subjects design where participants either completed a typing task that depleted self-control resources or a standard typing task that did not require self-control before performing a vigilance task. In the self-control depletion condition, participants typed a passage while omitting any “e” and “space” keys. In the standard typing task, participants typed the same passage without skipping any keys. Following both typing tasks, participants in both conditions completed an identical 12-min vigilance task.

Results:

Results demonstrated decreased accuracy and increased reaction times over time for both groups. Depleting self-control did not result in significant differences in accuracy, reaction time, nor a steeper vigilance decrement.

Conclusion:

These results provide evidence against resource-control theory and self-control as an explanation for vigilance, and provide further support for cognitive resource theory as the predominant explanation for vigilance impairments.

Application:

It is still unclear exactly what constitutes a “resource.” A better understanding of the nature of these resources can help researchers and practitioners identify how they can be replenished, which could enhance human performance in situations requiring vigilance such as baggage screening.
Pulp Stem Cell–Mediated Functional Pulp Regeneration
Authors: Sui B. , Chen C. , Kou X. , Li B. , Xuan K. , Shi S. , Jin Y.
Published: October 2018

The preservation of vital dental pulp with vasculature and nerve components remains one of the most significant challenges in modern dentistry. Due to the immense potential for neurovascularization, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has shown emerging promise in regenerative medicine and dental translational practice. Actually, pulp mesenchymal stem cells, including postnatal dental pulp stem cells (from permanent teeth) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, possess unique properties based on their origins from neural crest or glial cells. Furthermore, they reside in a neurovascular niche and have the potential for neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and neurovascular inductive activity. According to current pulp regeneration strategies, pulp stem cell–mediated approaches to regeneration have demonstrated convincing evidence that they can rebuild the complex histologic structure of native pulp in situ with highly organized physiologic patterns or even achieve de novo regeneration of complete dental pulp tissues. More importantly, recent clinical studies emphasized in situ neurovascularization outcomes in successful regeneration of vitalized pulp via pulp stem cell transplantation. In this review, we summarize recent breakthroughs in pulp stem cell–mediated pulp regeneration, emphasizing the crucial achievement of neurovascularization. This functional pulp regeneration represents an innovative and promising approach for future regenerative endodontics.
Xenophilia and the Religious Openness Hypothesis: Love of the “Stranger” within Religious Fundamentalist and Biblical Foundationalist Ideological Surrounds
Authors: Watson P. J. , Reagan Benjamin S. , Chen Zhuo Job , Morris Ronald J.
Published: October 2018

While research documents conservative religious tendencies towards a fear (“phobia”) of the stranger (“xeno”), this investigation sought to evaluate possible additional potentials for a love (“philia”) of the stranger (“xeno”). Procedures explored a preliminary measure of religious xenophilia that defined xenophilic love and xenophilic grace factors in a sample of 279 American Christian university undergraduates. Xenophilic correlations with religious fundamentalism, biblical foundationalism, social dominance orientation, religious schema, and other religious and psychological constructs uncovered conservative religious potentials for social openness. Partial correlations controlling for biblical foundationalism described a more psychologically closed and less xenophilic religious fundamentalist ideological surround, whereas partial correlations controlling for religious fundamentalism revealed a more psychological open and xenophilic biblical foundationalist surround. These data supported the Religious Openness Hypothesis by confirming the potentials of conservative religious commitments for social as well as for psychological openness.
Authoritative classroom climate and its relations to bullying victimization and bystander behaviors
Authors: Thornberg Robert , Wänström Linda , Jungert Tomas
Published: October 2018

Authoritative school climates have been associated with less school bullying and other antisocial behaviors. However, studies focusing on the classroom level, as well as on bystander behaviors, are lacking. The aim of the current study was to examine whether authoritative classroom climates were associated with bullying victimization and various bystander behaviors (reinforcer, outsider, and defender behaviors) in school bullying. We included gender as a covariate at the individual and classroom levels. Participants were 1540 5th-grade students (824 girls) from 104 classrooms in Sweden who completed a questionnaire. The findings revealed that girls and students in classes with greater authoritative classroom climates were more inclined to defend. Boys reinforced more as did students in classes with more boys and more authoritative classroom climates. Boys showed more outsider behaviors as did students in classes with less authoritative classroom climates. Students in classrooms with less authoritative climates were victimized to a higher degree. Thus, the current findings suggest that a warm, caring, supportive, controlled, demanding, and cohesive classroom climate should be considered a vital protective factor against bullying victimization and negative bystander responses, and a facilitator of defending and supporting victims.
Evaluation of coal and shale reservoir in Permian coal-bearing strata for development potential: A case study from well LC-1# in the northern Guizhou, China
Authors: Xu Hongjie , Sang Shuxun , Yang Jingfen , Jin Jun , Liu Huihu , Zhou Xiaozhi , Gao Wei
Published: October 2018

Indentifying reservoir characteristics of coals and their associated shales is very important in understanding the co-exploration and co-production potential of unconventional gases in Guizhou, China. Accordingly, comprehensive experimental results of 12 core samples from well LC-1# in the northern Guizhou were used and analyzed in this paper to better understand their vertical reservoir study. Coal and coal measured shale, in Longtan Formation, are rich in organic matter, with postmature stage of approximately 3.5% and shales of type III kerogen with dry gas generation. All-scale pore size analysis indicates that the pore size distribution of coal and shale pores is mainly less than 20 nm and 100 nm, respectively. Pore volume and area of coal samples influenced total gas content as well as desorbed gas and lost gas content. Obvious relationships were observed between residual gas and BET specific surface area and BJH total pore volume (determined by nitrogen adsorption). For shale, it is especially clear that the desorbed gas content is negatively correlated with BET specific surface area, BJH total pore volume and clay minerals. However, the relationships between desorbed gas and TOC (total organic carbon) as well as siderite are all well positive. The coals and shales were shown to have similar anoxic conditions with terrestrial organic input, which is beneficial to development of potential source rocks for gas. However, it may be better to use a low gas potential assessment for shales in coal-bearing formation because of their low S1+S2 values and high thermal evolution. Nevertheless, the coalbed methane content is at least 10 times greater than the shale gas content with low desorbed gases, indicating that the main development unconventional natural gas should be coalbed methane, or mainly coalbed methane with supplemented shale gas.
Esther: Subverting the “Capable Wife”
Authors: Zucker David J.
Published: October 2018

In this article I suggest that an additional reading of the book of Esther sees that work as a subversive sequel to the Capable Wife lauded in Proverbs 31:10–31. Through a comparison of words taken from each of the Proverbs verses, I explain how the redacted version of Esther mines and undermines the earlier work, subtly making fun of such an idealized figure.
Unlawful for a Jew? Acts 10:28 and the Lukan View of Jewish-Gentile Relations
Authors: Schaser Nicholas J.
Published: October 2018

Most scholars read Peter's claim that it is unlawful for Jews to associate with Gentiles (Acts 10:28a) as an accurate statement on Jewish-Gentile relations according to Luke. However, Luke problematizes this view by showing Peter to be unaware of Jewish-Gentile interactions that preceded him, both in Israel's Scriptures and Luke–Acts. Rather than reflecting the exclusionary state of pre-Christian Judaism, Acts 10:28a constitutes a fallacy that Luke invalidates via intertextual references to ethnic inclusivity throughout biblical history. Peter's misunderstanding provides Luke with the theological rationale for Paul to take the missionary mantle from Peter as the apostle to the Gentiles.
Reading Inclusion Backwards: Considering the Apostolic Decree Again in Fresh Context
Authors: White Aaron
Published: October 2018

The Apostolic Decree holds a prominent place in the narrative of Acts; yet its meaning remains unclear for many. For some it is simply a Lukan invention; for others it is an ad hoc law of the early Jerusalem Church for Gentiles entering the church. This article suggests instead that the Apostolic Decree is rooted in Leviticus 17–19 as a blueprint from an eschatological ecclesiology that has an impact on us even today. The extent of this blueprint is such that beyond the narrative of Acts, the universal Church of the Lord Jesus should extend hospitality without any social debt to aliens, strangers and immigrants in the 21st century, as similar hospitality was once divinely extended to us.
Thinking About the End of Life When It Is Near: A Comparison of German and Portuguese Centenarians
Authors: Boerner Kathrin , Jopp Daniela S. , Kim Kyungmin , Butt Abigail , Ribeiro Óscar , Araújo Lia , Rott Christoph
Published: October 2018

This study examined how common thinking of and planning for the end of life (EOL) is among German and Portuguese centenarians, and whether patterns of EOL views are shaped by cultural and individual characteristics. A significant portion of centenarians in both countries reported not thinking about the EOL, not believing in the afterlife, and not having made EOL arrangements. Latent class analysis identified three EOL patterns: Class 1 ( EOL thoughts with EOL arrangements and afterlife beliefs), Class 2 ( EOL arrangements and afterlife beliefs without EOL thoughts), and Class 3 ( Overall low endorsement of EOL items). The proportion of Portuguese centenarians was higher in Class 1 and of German centenarians higher in Classes 2 and 3. Centenarians’ demographic, social, and health characteristics were significantly different across EOL patterns. As lack of EOL planning can result in poor EOL quality, enhancing communication among centenarians, family, and health-care professionals seems imperative.
A similarity measure based on Kullback–Leibler divergence for collaborative filtering in sparse data
Authors: Deng Jiangzhou , Wang Yong , Guo Junpeng , Deng Yongheng , Gao Jerry , Park Younghee
Published: October 2018

In the neighbourhood-based collaborative filtering (CF) algorithms, a user similarity measure is used to find other users similar to an active user. Most of the existing user similarity measures rely on the co-rated items. However, there are not enough co-rated items in sparse dataset, which usually leads to poor prediction. In this article, a new similarity scheme is proposed, which breaks free of the constraint of the co-rated items. Moreover, an item similarity measure based on the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence is presented, which identifies the relation between items based on the probability density distribution of ratings. Since the item similarity based on KL divergence makes full use of all ratings, it owns better flexibility for sparse datasets. The CF algorithm using our proposed similarity scheme is implemented and compared with some classic CF algorithms. The compared results show that the CF using our similarity has better predictive performance. Therefore, our similarity scheme is a good solution for the sparsity problem and has great potential to be applied to recommendation systems.
Flint’s Toxic Narratives: Tales of Uplift and Athletes Who Resist Them
Authors: Nicholas Matthew , Cohan Noah
Published: October 2018

This article considers the narratives of sports-based uplift, which have followed in the wake of Flint, Michigan’s lead-poisoned water crisis. It provides context for the sports culture of Flint, the corrupted educational system that fostered it, and the consequential sense of identity sports teams provide. Examining the water crisis via the off-the-field charitable efforts of (mostly Black) athletes in Flint and the preformed narratives in which they are figured by the media, the article demonstrates the means by which sports narratives have served the White American public’s interest in forgetting or minimizing the suffering of mostly Black Flint. These media narratives celebrate Black athletes for “giving back” as if it is their responsibility or duty to so, in large part so that White audiences do not have to confront the failures of neoliberal capitalism. The article also examines what it means that these redemptive narratives are premised on athletes’ off-the-field labor, rather than on-the-field triumph. Finally, it asserts that the athletes who write back against narratives that would co-opt their efforts in service of forgetting importantly complicate linear narratives of progress.
The biopolitics of the migration-development nexus: Governing migration in the UK
Authors: Pinkerton Patrick
Published: October 2018

While politicians in the United Kingdom (UK) have engaged in fractious debate over the appropriate way of responding to the myriad issues arising from the so-called migration or refugee crisis in recent years, there is an apparent cross-party consensus regarding the ability of overseas aid and development spending to reduce levels of global economic migration. This suggests that the central tenets of what is known in the policy literature as the ‘migration-development nexus’ have been accepted by the political establishment in the UK, demonstrating a belief that development spending can be used to ameliorate the global economic inequalities seen as giving rise to mass migration. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s concepts of biopolitics, governmentality, and subjectification, this article argues that the migration-development nexus represents a technology for enacting a strategy of governance that operates through a dual process of enticing and maintaining mobile subjects. It is then suggested that in the UK context, this operates through the temporary nature of the time-limited visa regime, which allows migrants from outside the European Union to be ‘governed through mobility’. The article therefore illustrates how mobility can be central to governing logics, as well as something that can exceed them.
Health and social care professionals’ experiences of supporting parents and their dependent children during, and following, the death of a parent: A qualitative review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Franklin Penny , Arber Anne , Reed Liz , Ream Emma
Published: October 2018

Background:

Children need to be prepared for the death of a parent and supported afterwards. Parents seek support from health and social care professionals to prepare their children. Support is not always forthcoming.

Aim:

To systematically identify, analyse and synthesise literature reporting of the experiences of health and social care professionals when supporting parents and children during, and following, the death of a parent.

Design:

A systematically constructed qualitative review and thematic synthesis. Registered on Prospero (CRD42017076345).

Data sources:

MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and PROSPERO, searched from January 1996 to July 2018 for qualitative studies in English, containing verbatim reporting of health and social care professionals’ experiences of supporting parents and children during, and following, the death of a parent. Qualitative data were appraised using a modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative appraisal checklist.

Results:

The search yielded 15,758 articles. Of which, 15 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 13 included professionals’ experiences of supporting parents and children before parental death. Two included experiences of supporting surviving parents and children afterwards. Three analytical themes identified as follows: (1) aspiring to deliver family-focussed care, (2) health and social care professionals’ behaviours and emotions and (3) improving connections with parents and children. Connecting empathically with parents and children to prepare and support children entails significant emotional labour. Professionals seek to enhance their confidence to connect.

Conclusion:

Professionals struggle to connect empathically with parents and their children to prepare and to support children when a parent is dying and afterwards. Awareness of professionals’ needs would enable provision of appropriate support for parents and children.
Pre-emptive prescription of medications for the management of potential, catastrophic events in patients with a terminal illness: A survey of palliative medicine doctors
Authors: Katz Naomi T , Sacks Bronwyn H , Le Brian H , Hynson Jenny L
Published: October 2018

Background:

Distressing and potentially life-threatening events, such as significant external bleeding, may occur in patients with a known terminal condition. These events are often referred to as catastrophic or crisis events. Pharmacological management varies and there is little evidence to guide practice.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to explore Australasian palliative medicine doctors’ approaches to pre-emptive prescription of medications to manage catastrophic events.

Design:

Anonymous survey data were collected electronically.

Setting/Participants:

Australian and New Zealand palliative medicine fellows and trainees were surveyed.

Results:

Surveys were completed by 121 doctors; 108 (89.2%) who care for adult patients only and 13 (10.8%) who care for paediatric patients or paediatric and adult patients. In all, 74 (61.2%) respondents pre-emptively prescribed medications at least five times per year, and most orders were never administered. Significant visible bleeding and severe, acute airway obstruction were almost universally considered catastrophic events. Many respondents expressed concern about the lack of evidence to guide pre-emptive medication prescription in this setting. Clinicians reported adverse events related to pre-emptive medication orders being available ( n = 30, 24.8%), as well as orders not being available ( n = 61, 50.4%).

Conclusion:

Our study supports the need for guidelines, as well as formal education programmes for medical trainees and nursing staff about this important area of practice.
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized phase 2 controlled trial
Authors: Ot’alora G Marcela , Grigsby Jim , Poulter Bruce , Van Derveer Joseph W , Giron Sara Gael , Jerome Lisa , Feduccia Allison A , Hamilton Scott , Yazar-Klosinski Berra , Emerson Amy , Mithoefer Michael C , Doblin Rick
Published: October 2018

Background:

Posttraumatic stress disorder often does not resolve after conventional psychotherapies or pharmacotherapies. Pilot studies have reported that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) combined with psychotherapy reduces posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.

Aims:

This pilot dose response trial assessed efficacy and safety of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy across multiple therapy teams.

Methods:

Twenty-eight people with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder were randomized in a double-blind dose response comparison of two active doses (100 and 125 mg) with a low dose (40 mg) of MDMA administered during eight-hour psychotherapy sessions. Change in the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale total scores one month after two sessions of MDMA served as the primary outcome. Active dose groups had one additional open-label session; the low dose group crossed over for three open-label active dose sessions. A 12-month follow-up assessment occurred after the final MDMA session.

Results:

In the intent-to-treat set, the active groups had the largest reduction in Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale total scores at the primary endpoint, with mean (standard deviation) changes of −26.3 (29.5) for 125 mg, −24.4 (24.2) for 100 mg, and −11.5 (21.2) for 40 mg, though statistical significance was reached only in the per protocol set ( p=0.03). Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms remained lower than baseline at 12-month follow-up ( p<0.001) with 76% ( n=25) not meeting posttraumatic stress disorder criteria. There were no drug-related serious adverse events, and the treatment was well-tolerated.

Conclusions:

Our findings support previous investigations of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy as an innovative, efficacious treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder.
Higher serum zinc levels may reduce the risk of cervical cancer in Asian women: A meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Yueying , Wang Junjie , Zhao Xiaoya , Zhou Xuli , Nie Xiaohui , Li Chuncheng , Huang Fulian , Yuan Haibin
Published: October 2018

Objective

This meta-analysis was conducted to examine the possible association between serum zinc concentration and cervical cancer risk.

Methods

PubMed, WanFang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and SinoMed databases were searched for relevant articles published between January 1980 and September 2017. Results were combined using a random-effects model, and pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to compare serum zinc levels in patients with cervical cancer versus controls. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s regression asymmetry test.

Results

Twelve articles regarding serum zinc levels and cervical cancer were included in this meta-analysis. Combined results showed that serum zinc levels in cervical cancer cases were significantly lower than in controls without cervical cancer (summary SMD –1.379, 95% CI –1.527, –1.231), with high heterogeneity ( I2 = 98.8%). Analysis of data stratified by geographic location showed a significant association between serum zinc levels and cervical cancer risk in Asian populations (summary SMD –1.391, 95% CI –1.543, –1.239).

Conclusions

Higher serum zinc levels may be a protective factor for cervical cancer in Asian women.
Multi-temporal airborne structure-from-motion on caldera rim: Hazard, visitor exposure and origins of instabilities at Piton de la Fournaise
Authors: Derrien Allan , Villeneuve Nicolas , Peltier Aline , Michon Laurent
Published: October 2018

Piton de la Fournaise is one of the world’s most active and visited volcanoes. Its summit crater (Cratère Dolomieu), the main tourist attraction, underwent a major caldera collapse in 2007 and its rim is not yet stabilized. In order to assess the caldera rim instability risk for visitors, we followed its structural evolution from 2007 to 2015. Using aerial photogrammetry campaigns, we mapped the unstable sites very precisely, carried out a quantitative analysis of the temporal evolution of these instabilities, and assessed the risks for visitors. Considering the 2008–2015 period, four sites close to the crater’s edge showed significant horizontal ground motion (0.5–2 m), fracture widening (average of 0.3–0.56 m) and large-scale mass wasting volumes (total of 1.8±0.1 × 106 m3). We infer two different processes at work: (1) to the west and north, toppling of the basalt units occurs after periods of fracture widening due to the combined effect of magmatic intrusions and long-term inflation/deflation cycles; (2) to the south and east, parts of the caldera rim slowly slide towards the caldera centre, with significant accelerations during periods of enhanced volcanic activity (in 2008–2010 and 2014–2015). The official observation platform is the most stable zone to overlook the Cratère Dolomieu. By contrast, the most frequently visited area of the rim (northwest) outside the official platform is also the most unstable.
Modernization, Poverty Eradication, and the Process of Social Transformation in Uganda
Authors: Byekwaso Ndinawe
Published: October 2018

To eradicate poverty, pro-market policies were implemented in Uganda. This article reveals that the policies did not improve the welfare of peasants. Instead, the peasants were made to depend on the market as a result of the harsh environment created that compelled them to increasingly abandon self-provisioning farming. Consequently, the people are increasingly faced with food shortages and the number of children dying of malnutrition is on the rise while land seizures are taking place.

JEL Classification: Q02, Q11, Q15
Traffic Violations among Young People with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Ferro Mark A. , Leatherdale Scott T.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Evidence whether individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for traffic violations/collisions is mixed. This study investigated the association between ADHD and traffic violations among youth and young adults; examined whether this association differed by age, sex, or comorbid mental or physical problems; and modelled factors associated with traffic violations among individuals with ADHD.

Methods:

Data come from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health (CCHS-MH), a cross-sectional epidemiological study. The sample was restricted to youth and young adults aged 15 to 39 years and categorized into 3 groups: 15 to 19 years ( n = 1886), 20 to 29 years ( n = 3679), and 30 to 39 years ( n = 3659). Lifetime ADHD and past-year contact with police for traffic violations were self-reported. Logistic regression models quantified the association between ADHD and traffic violations, stratified by age. Interactions were included to examine moderating effects.

Results:

No evidence suggested an association between ADHD and past-year traffic violations (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64 to 1.79), age-specific estimates did not differ across age groups ( P = 0.696), and no factors moderated the association. Three factors were found to increase odds for past-year traffic violations among individuals with ADHD: aged 20 to 29 years (OR, 3.84; 95% CI, 1.47 to 10.06), male sex (OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.39 to 8.59), and white ethnicity (OR, 5.62; 95% CI, 1.24 to 25.51).

Conclusions:

Individuals with ADHD are not an at-risk group for traffic violations but instead share similar risk factors with individuals in the general population without ADHD—information useful for health professionals. Replication studies are needed to examine the robustness of these findings.
Is there a North–South divide between schools in England?
Authors: Jopling Michael
Published: October 2018

The article is an opinion piece which examines the extent to which rhetoric about a North–South divide in performance between schools in England is justified. Starting with the catalyst, Sir Michael Wilshaw’s final annual Ofsted reports in 2015 and 2016, it traces how the divide rhetoric has been assimilated into popular discourse by the media and subsequent policy reports, notably in connection with the Northern Powerhouse agenda. The article uses regional school performance data to examine whether claims about the divide are convincing, focusing on the North East, which has been recognized as an outlier in both primary and secondary performance. It concludes that the case for a North–South divide is not proven, and with an appeal for more contextually sensitive and flexible approaches to assessing local, regional and national school performance to counter the negative effects of this divisive rhetoric.
Synthesis of conductive polyaniline nanofibers in one step by protonic acid and iodine doping
Authors: Zhang Jun , Xing An , Jia Bi , Liu Xiaoyan
Published: October 2018

In this study, protonic acid and iodine-doped conductive polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers were successfully fabricated in one step using ammonium persulfate (APS) and potassium biiodate (KH(IO3)2) as the co-oxidant. The resultant PANI nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Their electrochemical properties were examined by cyclic voltammetry and the standard four-probe technique. Additionally, the molecular weight of the conductive PANI nanofibers was measured using a viscometer. It is found that the PANI nanofibers are codoped with protonic acid (hydrochloric acid and iodic acid) and iodine (I3 − and I5 −), and the KH(IO3)2 shows a significant acceleration effect for the oxidation polymerization of aniline. The conductivity of PANI reaches 21 S·cm−1, which is much higher than that of another PANI prepared by APS. This is ascribed to the iodine-doping effect and the nanofibers’ morphology. Additionally, the reaction mechanism of PANI is systematically discussed, and the codoped mechanism is proposed. Systematic investigations indicate that APS/KH(IO3)2 is an excellent co-oxidant for the preparation of highly conductive PANI nanofibers in one step.
A novel method for detecting the pantograph–catenary arc based on the arc sound characteristics
Authors: Wei Wenfu , Liang Chongliang , Yang Zefeng , Xu Pan , Yan Xin , Gao Guoqiang , Wu Guangning
Published: October 2018

In recent years, the speed and the current transmission density of high-speed railways are increased. As a result, the rate of the occurrence of pantograph–catenary arc also increases, which directly influences the service performance of the pantograph–catenary system. The detection and identification of the pantograph–catenary arc is of great significance for evaluating the off-line level to ensure the safe operation of the pantograph–catenary system. The currently used conventional optical arc detection method would be distorted by strong sunlight or other environmental lights in the actual operation, which would affect the accuracy of detection. On the contrary, the arc sound signal is not affected by the diurnal variation and can be easily obtained; it can also be distinguished well from other interfering sounds. In this paper, a new method that uses the arc sound is proposed to realize the effective detection of the pantograph–catenary arc. The frequency spectrum and the intensity characteristics of the pantograph–catenary arc sound are analyzed. The results show that the frequency band of the arc sound signal is wide and mainly gets distributed at 5–17 kHz. The curve of the sound waveform is drawn by calculating the short-time average energy, which is used to obtain the arc’s starting time, duration, and intensity, for calculating the off-line rate.
Jean Eustache’s La Maman et la putain: A film maudit twice over?
Authors: Reader Keith
Published: October 2018

This article examines the reasons why the label of film maudit is all too applicable to Jean Eustache’s nowadays little-known masterpiece La Maman et la putain, offering a succinct overview of the director’s career and the film as well as situating it within the time of its making and release and analysing its subsequent distributional vicissitudes. Along with a brief scrutiny of what exactly might be meant by the term film maudit, it offers an analysis of the reasons why the film’s accessibility is so restricted and a summary of available (and not-so-available) secondary sources dealing with it.
Why scream about sound in space? The functions of audience discourse about unrealistic science in narrative fiction
Authors: Green Jarrod L.
Published: October 2018

Sound in space. Featherless dinosaurs. Physics-defying stunts. Unrealistic science in narrative fiction is often a subject of commentary and critique. However, there is limited research investigating the significance, risks and benefits of this discourse for audiences. This article analyses interviews and focus group discussions to develop a typology of functions that are served by audience discourse about the perceived realism of science in fiction. This typology illustrates how discourse about the realism of science in fiction can serve diverse functions for diverse audiences. Practitioners who use fictional examples in science communication may benefit from an awareness of the multifaceted nature of the discourse in which they are participating.
In Vitro Long-Term Expansion and High Osteogenic Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: More Than a Mirage
Authors: Di Vito Anna , Giudice Amerigo , Chiarella Emanuela , Malara Natalia , Bennardo Francesco , Fortunato Leonzio
Published: October 2018

The periodontal ligament displays a reservoir of mesenchymal stem cells which can account for periodontal regeneration. Despite the numerous studies directed at the definition of optimal culture conditions for long-term expansion of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), no consensus has been reached as to what is the ideal protocol. The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal medium formulation for long-term expansion and stemness maintenance of PDLSCs, in order to obtain a sufficient number of cells for therapeutic approaches. For this purpose, the effects of three different culture medium formulations were evaluated on PDLSCs obtained from three periodontal ligament samples of the same patient: minimum essential medium Eagle, alpha modification (α-MEM), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), both supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and a new medium formulation, Ham’s F12 medium, supplemented with 10% FBS, heparin 0.5 U/ml, epidermal growth factor (EGF) 50 ng/ml, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 25 ng/ml, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) 1% (enriched Ham’s F12 medium; EHFM). PDLSCs grown in EHFM displayed a higher PE-CD73 mean fluorescence intensity compared with cells maintained in α-MEM and DMEM, even at later passages. Cells maintained in EHFM displayed an increased population doubling and a reduced population doubling time compared with cells grown in DMEM or α-MEM. α-MEM, DMEM and EHFM with added dexamethasone, 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid, and β-glycerophosphate were all able to promote alkaline phosphatase activity; however, no calcium deposition was detected in PDLSCs cultured in EHFM-differentiation medium. When EHFM-, α-MEM- and DMEM-expanded PDLSCs were transferred to a commercial culture medium for the osteogenesis, mineralization became much more evident in confluent monolayers of EHFM-expanded PDLSCs compared with DMEM and α-MEM. The results suggest EHFM is the optimal medium formulation for growth and stemness maintenance of primary PDLSCs. Moreover, EHFM confers higher osteogenic potential to PDLSCs compared with cells maintained in the other culture media. Overall, the results of the present work confirmed the advantages of using EHFM for long-term expansion of mesenchymal cells in vitro and the preservation of high osteogenic potential.
Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Enhance Neuroregeneration in a Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury
Authors: Rodríguez Sánchez Diego Noé , de Lima Resende Luiz Antonio , Boff Araujo Pinto Giovana , de Carvalho Bovolato Ana Lívia , Possebon Fábio Sossai , Deffune Elenice , Amorim Rogério Martins
Published: October 2018

Crush injuries in peripheral nerves are frequent and induce long-term disability with motor and sensory deficits. Due to axonal and myelin sheath disruptions, strategies for optimized axonal regeneration are needed. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are promising because of their anti-inflammatory properties and secretion of neurotrophins. The present study investigated the effect of canine adipose tissue MSC (Ad-MSC) transplantation in an experimental sciatic nerve crush injury. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sham ( n = 8); Crush+PBS ( n = 8); Crush+MSC ( n = 8). Measurements of sciatic nerve functional index (SFI), muscle mass, and electromyography (EMG) were performed. Canine Ad-MSC showed mesodermal characteristics (CD34-, CD45-, CD44+, CD90+ and CD105+) and multipotentiality due to chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation. SFI during weeks 3 and 4 was significantly higher in the Crush+MSC group ( p < 0.001). During week 4, the EMG latency in the Crush+MSC groups had better near normality ( p < 0.05). The EMG amplitude showed results close to normality during week 4 in the Crush+MSC group ( p < 0.04). There were no statistical differences in muscle weight between the groups ( p > 0.05), but there was a tendency toward weight gain in the Crush+MSC groups. Better motor functional recovery after crush and perineural canine Ad-MSC transplantation was observed during week 2. This was maintained till week 4. In conclusion, the canine Ad-MSC transplantation showed early pro-regenerative effects between 2–4 weeks in the rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury.
In the Absence of the Rule of Law: Everyday Lawyering, Dignity and Resistance in Myanmar’s ‘Disciplined Democracy’
Authors: Batesmith Alex , Stevens Jake
Published: October 2018

This article explores how ‘everyday’ lawyers undertaking routine criminal defence cases navigate an authoritarian legal system. Based on original fieldwork in the ‘disciplined democracy’ of Myanmar, the article examines how hegemonic state power and a functional absence of the rule of law have created a culture of passivity among ordinary practitioners. ‘Everyday’ lawyers are nevertheless able to uphold their clients’ dignity by practical and material support for the individual human experience – and in so doing, subtly resist, evade or disrupt state power. The article draws upon the literature on the sociology of lawyering and resistance, arguing for a multilayered understanding of dignity going beyond lawyers’ contributions to their clients’ legal autonomy. Focusing on dignity provides an alternative perspective to the otherwise often all-consuming rule of law discourse. In authoritarian legal systems, enhancing their clients’ dignity beyond legal autonomy may be the only meaningful contribution that ‘everyday’ lawyers can make.
The Influence of Hypomania Symptoms on Income in Self-Employment
Authors: Wolfe Marcus T. , Patel Pankaj C. , Drover Will
Published: October 2018

Despite the assumption that symptoms of hypomania are detrimental, they may prove beneficial within self-employment contexts. Drawing on person-environment (P/E) fit theory and using the first National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol Related Conditions (NESARC 1), our conservative inferences are that for self-employed individuals, hypomania has a positive association with income, self-employed individuals with higher education have higher levels of income with increasing hypomania score, and older self-employed individuals with a higher hypomania score have a higher income. These findings have implications for the literature on hypomania symptoms and self-employment related labor market outcomes.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Palliative Care: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Gardner Daniel S. , Doherty Meredith , Bates Gleneara , Koplow Aliza , Johnson Sarah
Published: October 2018

Despite the advances and spread of palliative care programs, communities of color remain significantly underserved. Although these disparities are widely known, there is a marked lack of empirical evidence. The authors conducted a systematic scoping review that synthesized the literature since 2000 about racial and ethnic disparities in palliative and end-of-life care. We searched PubMed, Medline, SocIndex, CINAHL, Social Work Abstracts, and PsycINFO, using search terms including palliative care or end-of-life care, disparities or barriers or utilization, and race or ethnicity or African American or Hispanic. Findings lend support to extant literature that social-environmental barriers and disparities distinctly affect access to care for these populations. The review expands upon understanding of how social determinants drive disparities in palliative and end-of-life care and suggests implications for practice, policy, and research in promoting health equity in serious illness.
Engaging Community Members in Providing Support for the Dying and the Bereaved: Activities in Social Work Community Practice
Authors: Crowe Kelsey , D’Andrade Amy
Published: October 2018

In this practice note, the authors describe three main community engagement strategies around empathy in times of suffering: (1) raising public awareness about the value of community support in times of grief with the creation of a neighborhood-based public campaign; (2) providing educational, skill-building workshops to instill confidence and communication skills among lay people in community, business, and medical settings that want to connect with people they know experiencing a personal difficulty; and (3) publishing a lighthearted, illustrated trade book and website/blog to make a difficult topic palatable and engaging to a broad audience. Activities were housed in a fiscally sponsored nonprofit the authors founded in 2014 called Help Each Other Out.
Women’s Healing Journey From Intimate Partner Violence: Establishing Positive Sexuality
Authors: Bagwell-Gray Meredith E.
Published: October 2018

Survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) have an elevated risk for negative sexual health outcomes, including HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI). Given the unique risk contexts for survivors, there is a need for effective sexual health interventions that take into account the imbalances of power for women who are survivors of IPV. Toward the aim of informing contextually relevant intervention approaches, this article describes women’s strategies toward maintaining their sexual health in the context of violent, controlling relationships. Strategies are examined across women’s healing process. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-person interviews with women who had experienced IPV ( N = 28). Participants had a wide range of negative sexual health outcomes and commonly used an analogy of a journey to describe their healing. Throughout these journeys, women gained more confidence and ownership over their sexuality. Themes centered around enhanced self-acceptance, ownership of personal sexuality, and readiness for desirable sexual partnerships.
Navigating Challenges of Medical Interpreting Standards and Expectations of Patients and Health Care Professionals: The Interpreter Perspective
Authors: Lor Maichou , Bowers Barbara J. , Jacobs Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2018

Although medical interpreters are guided by a clear set of medical interpreting standards that are designed to ensure an accurate, clear line of communication between patient and provider, limited research has focused on interpreters’ actual experiences: how they integrate the medical interpreting standards into practice, challenges they might face, how they address those challenges, and with what consequences. To address these gaps, we explored experiences of 15 interpreters working in health care settings. As this is a relatively unexplored area and we are exploring social processes, we used grounded theory. Data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding. We found all interpreters intended to practice “within” the encounter and valued the medical interpreting standards. However, patient and provider expectations, requests, and a desire to protect patient–provider relationships led to significant deviations from specific elements of the medical interpreting standards. Findings highlight the need to revise medical interpreting standards.