bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water exchange in Van Phong bay, Khanh Hoa province by hydrodynamic model
Authors: Tran Van Chung , Nguyen Huu Huan , Thai Ngoc Chien
Published: December 2021

The analysis of the average wind field from 1979 to 2018 showed that in the Van Phong bay area, the hydrodynamic process is mainly influenced by tidal currents when the frequency of weak wind accounts for a high proportion and the wind regime is controlled entirely by locality and less likely to alter tidal currents significantly. Based on the shallow water hydrodynamic finite element model (FEM), a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model has been developed for Van Phong bay to study hydrodynamic features, especially exchange capacity of seawater with the open sea. The results show that the daily average daily exchange of water in Van Phong bay is about 1,845.46 × 106 m3/day, equivalent to 34.7% water volume in the bay. In the rainy season, the typical daily average water exchange in Van Phong bay is about 2,136.04 × 106 m3/day, equivalent to 43.19% of the volume of water in the bay. In the dry season, the typical daily average total water exchange in Van Phong bay is about 1,825.56 × 106 m3/day, corresponding to 34.35% of water volume in the bay.
Classification of hydrogeological structure along the Red River in the Hanoi area
Authors: Trieu Duc Huy , Tong Ngoc Thanh , Nguyen Van Lam , Pham Ba Quyen , Hoang Dai Phuc , Trinh Hoai Thu
Published: December 2021

Hanoi city has abundant groundwater, supplemented by the surface water (mainly Red River) all year round, and the extensive shallow aquifers, which are easily exploited by large-diameter wells. There always exists some open hydrogeological windows in the Red River area with an open structure; therefore, the groundwater has a strained hydraulic relationship with the Red River water system Along the Red River from Ba Vi to the end of Phu Xuyen district, there are nine regions with three types and four sub-types of different hydrogeological structures. In particular, the sub-type I-A of the groundwater has a tight hydraulic correlation with the Red River since the hydrogeological structure of the Red River bottom includes three aquifers: Holocene (qh), upper Pleistocene (qp2), and lower Pleistocene (qp1) that constructs a hydraulic system. The sub-type I-B is characterized by the hydrogeological structure at the Red River bottom, including the aquitard in Vinh Phuc and two aquifers qp2 and qp1, which form a hydraulic system. The sub-type II-A is distinguished by the fact that the Red River crosses the aquifer qh; there are no aquitards between the aquifer qh and qp2 to form a hydraulic system; the aquitard separates the aquifer qp1. The sub-type II-B is identified by the fact that the Red River crossing the aquifer qh; there is an aquitard between the aquifer qh and qp2; there are no aquitards between the aquifer qp2 and qp1 so that can create a hydraulic system. Type III has a solid existence of both aquifers and aquitards; thus, the hydraulic relationship between the Red River and the aquifers qp2 versus qp1 is inferior.
Dziki zachód ludzkich żądz. Współczesne wyzwania etyczne w relacji człowiek – maszyna ukazane w serialu Westworld
Authors: Rączy Kamila , Mirek-Rogowska Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

Dziki zachód ludzkich żądz. Współczesne wyzwania etyczne w relacji człowiek – maszyna, ukazane w serialu Westworld. Możliwości nowych technologii stanowią spore wyzwanie etyczne dla współczesnego świata. Szczególnie mocno akcentowane są w relacji człowiek – maszyna, a co więcej w relacji maszyna – człowiek. Format serialowy Westworld to przykład aktualnego narzędzia medialnego ukazującego futurystyczną wizję istnienia świata, który składa się nie tylko z ludzi, ale z robotów przypominających do złudzenia człowieka. Produkcja ta przedstawia spektrum zagrożeń etycznych oraz dylematów moralnych ukazanych w ludzkim etosie. Serial skłania do etycznej refleksji oraz osądu moralnego dystopijnej wizji przyszłości oraz ludzkich działań. Artykuł ten to próba ukazania poshumanistycznej, technologicznej rzeczywistości w perspektywie i dobie realizacji transhumanisycztnych przemian oraz nowych perspektyw, przy równoczesnej ocenie problematyki moralnej towarzyszącej egzystencji ludzkiej. Ponadto usilna potrzeba refleksji nad istotą rozwoju nowych technologii, egzystującego w nich człowieka oraz konsekwencjami natury etycznej i egzystencjalnej, skłania medioznawców do odszukania rozwiązań powyższych problemów, tj. stosunku do ­prototypów człowieka.
Społeczna odpowiedzialność influencera w czasie pandemii
Authors: Urbaś Joanna
Published: December 2021

Społeczna odpowiedzialność influencera w czasie pandemii. W artykule zbadano pojęcie społecznej odpowiedzialności w odniesieniu do influencerów w kontekście kryzysowej sytuacji, jaką jest światowa pandemia koronawirusa i związanej z nią akcji w mediach społecznościowych #zostańwdomu. Przedstawiono w nim przykłady odpowiedzialnego i nieodpowiedzialnego zachowania twórców internetowych i zorganizowanych kampanii społecznych we współpracy marek z influencerami.
Mediatyzacja kampanii parlamentarnej we Włoszech w 2018 roku
Authors: Radwańska Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Mediatyzacja kampanii parlamentarnej we Włoszech w 2018 roku. Za jedno z najciekawszych wydarzeń politycznych 2018 roku powszechnie uważa się wybory parlamentarne we Włoszech. 4 marca włoski naród zdecydował o zwycięstwie Ruchu Pięciu Gwiazd i Ligi. Wygranymi długiej i wyczerpującej kampanii wyborczej były partie populistyczne, które po ponad dziewięćdziesięciu dniach impasu politycznego porozumiały się z prezydentem Republiki Włoch, Sergiem Materellą, o uformowaniu rządu, który będzie przewodził krajowi z Półwyspu Apenińskiego. Tematem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie komentarzy prezentowanych w mediach po ogłoszeniu wyników wyborów. Analiza pozycjonowała opinie dziennikarskie w trzech grupach tematycznych: sytuacja ekonomiczna, kryzys migracyjny oraz pozycji Republiki Włoskiej w Unii Europejskiej.
Iconography of the White Old Man — Tsagaan Ebugen’s Image in Mongolian Ethnic Art
Authors:   Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Batchuluun Sergelen
Published: December 2021

This article attempts to compare written primary sources, such as sutras dedicated to Tsagaan Ebugen, with a range of different visual materials, and take into consideration the unity of cultural and artistic aspects. Based on different art materials collected by the author including fifty-four Mongolian, eighteen Kalmyk, and twenty-one Buryat images, the author shows the features and aspects of the iconography of the image based on the details of clothing. The article provides a detailed analysis of the whole complex of iconographic elements included in the image of Tsagaan Ebugen, such as face, hair, figure, clothes, shoes, and hats. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the analysis of art materials associated with the image of the White Old Man as well as to identify the most stable and persistent iconographic features of the image. The pictorial iconography of Tsagaan Ebugen reflects the complex relationship between the ancient chthonic and Buddhist principles. As a result of the study, it is demonstated that traditional elements of clothing are preserved in the image of the lord of the earth and water of the White Old Man, and only ten percent of all images collected by the author are an exception and have other elements of clothing details that appeared due to the historical and religious influence in the region.
Vases, Caskets, and Decorative Lamps of the Leningrad Factory of Porcelain in 1956–1966: Context, Attribution, Interpretation
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St Petersburg, Russia, Sapanzha Olga S.
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on two stages in the development of post-war production interior porcelain. The first stage is the completion of the development in the decorative and industrial arts of the grand style. The second stage is the development of modern style, which is reflected in the works of mass porcelain. The research refers to the Leningrad Factory of Porcelain and the production of the enterprise from 1956–1966. The products of the plant have not been studied sufficiently so far. However, the factory was one of the many Soviet porcelain enterprises that was involved in the creation of a new living environment. Two stages in the development of industrial art related to the organisation of the residential interior were reflected in the company’s products, i.e. works of small porcelain plastics, utilitarian porcelain, i.e. vases, boxes, bottles, night lamps, etc. The first stage is filled with works of small plastic arts (second half of the 1950s). The second stage is associated with the interior, in which porcelain goods played the role of accents in the interior, emphasising empty space (first half of the 1960s). The author of the article carries out analysis of caskets and vials of the enterprise (40 Years of October caskets, casket with a lion, Matryoshka casket, Summer Garden, a series of bottles and caskets), vases and pots (Lines planters, decorative vases, damask, and stacks), lamps (Chinese Pagoda night light, Golden Cockerel night light). Based on the interpretation of the value of the enterprise in the formation of the interior, the value of products in the processes of transition from the grand style to the modern style, a conclusion is drawn about the importance of the plant in the formation of the living environment. The massive nature of the works of the plant influenced the fact that the current stylistic trends were available to a vast number of Soviet citizens, who perceived new aesthetic norms.
Attribution of Works by Vladimir Grinberg and Alexander Vedernikov: The Problem of the Artist’s Signature
Authors:   State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Russia, Strukova Alexandra I. ,   State Institute for Art Studies, Moscow, Russia,   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2021

This article considers the phenomenon of the authors’ signatures of Vladimir Grinberg (1896—1942) and Alexander Vedernikov (1898—1975), two representatives of the Leningrad Landscape School community in the 1930s—1940s. During this period, they entered a single circle of friendly and professional communication and experienced mutual influences. The artists’ work is considered more broadly and goes beyond their participation in the community. The goal of the article is to single out the most significant periods of their activity, trace changes in the authors’ handwriting from decade to decade, pay attention to the period of apprenticeship and formation of the artists, and focus on controversial issues in the attribution of their paintings and drawings. A study of all the works by Grinberg and Vedernikov currently identified in museum and private collections, makes it possible to trace the changes in the authors’ styles and discover the artistic landmarks of the masters. Grinberg’s manner repeatedly transformed. The neoclassical stylistics of his works of the late 1910s and citation of paintings by the old masters gave way to modest still lifes in the 1920s. After landscapes and scenes of everyday life on a black background in the early 1930s, there was a lightening of the colour scheme during his work on the New Leningrad series in the middle of the decade. In the early 1940s, Grinberg began to paint very broadly, generalising and simplifying the images. This scandalising manner has parallels with the style of the 1960s. Vedernikov was influenced by the art of French post-impressionists. Also, he took interest in the art of Russian folk crafts in the post-war period, more particularly, in Gorodets painting. The article pays much attention to Grinberg’s and Vedernikov’s lithographs. A significant part of their works has been catalogued and published, which facilitates dating and attribution, but much remains unknown (for example, an episode in Vedernikov’s work associated with the unification of the Masters of Analytical Art). In the article, the author describes the marking of works in detail, the placement and outline of the signatures, and traces the changes in them, which will help determine the range of works and authorship more accurately.
Soviet Science as a Social Project: Features and Stages of Construction (1917–1950s)
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Mazur Lyudmila N. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2021

The concept of Soviet science was formed in many ways spontaneously. Initially, under the conditions of the Civil War, science was viewed by the Bolsheviks as a tool and a way to achieve political and military goals. But, as with other objects of social design — socialist economy, culture, education, etc. — they did not have clear ideas about socialist science. Only the opinion about the class character of bourgeois science and its role, subordinate to the interests of capital and the monarchy, was stable. Taking this factor into account, the attitude of the new government to various scientific areas was formed. The Bolsheviks had more confidence in the natural and technical sciences, the achievements of which were supposed to be “taken as they are passed on to us by the bourgeois heritage”. The social sciences and humanities were judged sharply critically as, on the whole, hostile to the socialist idea. The Soviet model of science finally took shape in the 1930s. It was distinguished by some specific features that largely determined its achievements and failures. These include a hierarchical, open-ended organisational structure that includes 3 sectors of science (departmental, academic and university). In addition, it is necessary to note such features of Soviet science as decentralisation, complete dependence on the state and the planning system. The tactics of state support for strategically important areas of science and the lack of alternative mechanisms for financing scientific research contributed to the rapid bureaucratisation of Soviet science, deformation of the structure of scientific knowledge (imbalance between the exact, natural, technical, social sciences and the humanities in terms of the pace and level of development) and the priority of applied research over fundamental. And one more feature is the strict ideological control of scientific knowledge, supplemented by repressions against “bourgeois” science and its representatives, as well as the prohibition (explicit and implicit) on direct contacts, which led to the isolation and low level of mobility of the scientific community.
Economic Reforms in Hungary and Bulgaria and the Reaction to them in the USSR (Late 1950s — First Half of the 1970s)
Authors:   Institute of World History of the RAS, Moscow, Russia, Dzhalilov Teimur A. , Pivovarov Nikita Yu. ,   Institute of World History of the RAS, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2021

This article analyses economic reforms in Hungary and Bulgaria between the late 1950s and early 1970s, as well as the reaction of official Moscow to the changes in these countries. The main sources for this article were documents of the Soviet embassies in the HPR and the PRB, briefing notes of Soviet economists, reports of special services and materials of meetings and negotiations at the highest party and state level. The authors conclude that a significant role in the launch and curtailment of reforms belonged to the political leaders of Hungary and Bulgaria — Ya. Kadar, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the HSWP, and T. Zhivkov, the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the BCP, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the PRB. Therefore, at the level of decision-making, these reforms differed from similar ones in other countries of the socialist camp. The authors demonstrate that the transition to self-supporting relations in the HPR and PRB did not solve a number of economic problems, but, on the contrary, provoked a departure from socialist principles and the strengthening of market elements. This circumstance led to an increase in the volume of external debt of Hungary and Bulgaria, mainly to capitalist countries, which caused concern on the part of the Soviet leadership. Therefore, the Kremlin, which had previously pursued a policy of detached observation, forced Zhivkov and Kadar to curtail economic reforms. At the same time, Moscow offered individual solutions in each case. In Bulgaria, for example, the economic independence of enterprises ended after the USSR repaid the country’s internal debt, and in Hungary after Brezhnev’s conversation with Kadar. The authors believe that the direct initiator of the curtailment of reforms in the HPR and the PRB was a rather narrow circle of Soviet leaders who realised the futility of introducing market mechanisms into the socialist economy and launched a large-scale revision of the concept of the development of the world system of socialism in the early 1970s.
Mortality of the Orthodox Adult Population in Ekaterinburg during the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Glavatskaya Elena M. , Bakharev Dmitry S. ,   Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Thorvaldsen Gunnar ,   Arctic University of Norway — University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
Published: December 2021

Traditionally, studies of historical mortality have focused on the national, regional, or local levels. Currently, the creation of individual level databases has made it possible to study mortality at the individual and family levels, also following people over generations. However, this research rarely considered non-family relations; at the same time, rapid urbanisation during the late nineteenth century severed many family ties and hindered the transmission of traditional models for demographic behaviour. Thus, the role of non-family factors increased, the main of which was the church parish, which since the end of the nineteenth century gradually transformed into a neighborhood community — the prototype of the urban microdistrict. This research aims to study the mortality of the adult population of Ekaterinburg during the decades around 1900, differentiating between the parishes of the Russian Orthodox Church. The sources consist of official statistics and the Ural Population Project database, which was created based on the metric (church) books. The authors reconstruct the full development of mortality for each parish and for Ekaterinburg as a whole; map the structure of mortality, calculate the average age at death, as well as analyse the causes of death and its seasonality. As a result, it may be concluded that each of the five Orthodox parishes indeed had a certain demographic specificity. Mortality was influenced by the economic profile of the area and the trend of urban development, where the location of social facilities on the territory of each parish was of great importance.
Smallpox Mortality in a Ural City (with Reference to Early 20th-Century Yekaterinburg)
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Borovik Iulia V.
Published: December 2021

Smallpox has long been among the infections causing colossal fatalities in epidemics. The creation of a smallpox vaccine in the late eighteenth century helped improve the situation significantly. However, due to a wide range of reasons, some of which were common for many states and some reflected the country’s specificity, it took almost two centuries to introduce vaccination and combat the disease. This time was required not only for the creation of medical structures that provided smallpox vaccination. A considerable obstacle was the prejudice against medical intervention shared by many people, and relative control over the disease was gained only after fear was replaced by an understanding of necessity and appropriateness. High mortality was connected both with health care issues and the existing system of values which was changing more dynamically in cities. This article is devoted to the situation with mortality from smallpox in the early twentieth century in Yekaterinburg, a large commercial, industrial, transport, administrative, and cultural centre of the Central Urals with a population of diverse confessions. The source of data for statistical analysis is registers of city parishes of all religious denominations in the city. The author mostly focuses on three denominations, i.e. Orthodox Christians, Old Believers, and Muslims. The analysis reveals the dependence of mortality of the people’s religion and migration statuses. The results of the research testify to the fact that the medical infrastructure and the level of anti-smallpox measures were effective and helped maintain control over the disease and prevent epidemics of smallpox despite the intense influx of migrants to the city from places where acknowledgement of the need for vaccination was lower and opportunities to carry it out were scarcer.
Metaphoric Interpretation of Communicative Values in Today’s Flash Fiction
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Kupina Natalia A.
Published: December 2021

Referring to literary texts, this article considers the possibilities of systematisation and interpretation of the values of Russian culture. For specialised analysis, the author chooses flash fiction by Denis Dragunsky, Mikhail Shishkin, and novel prose by Pavel Krusanov, Alexey Slapovsky, Alexey Salnikov, and Maria Stepanova. The purpose of the research, which is carried out within the field of axiological stylistics, is to identify relevant communicative values with the help of the latest Russian prose. A brief outline of the politicisation and depoliticisation of the Russian language and basic values of culture provides a general idea about the basic values on the time scale of the twentieth and twenty-firstcenturies. The coordination of stylistic and linguacultural methods of analysis identified a strategy of word-centrism, which is common for the authors chosen and finds its expression in the formation of an open supra-textual lexical paradigm. Each component of the paradigmatic row nominates a communicative value and at the same time acts as an object of the author’s metaphorical interpretation. The verdict on the “dead” language of the totalitarian era and the “stillborn” language of modern mass literature, full of viruses of vulgarity, profit, and consumerism, is accompanied by the construction of a detailed metaphor of the road, which makes it possible to put forward a socially significant task of linguo-axiological construction. Based on metaphorical diagnostics of speech existence, there are distinguished numerous axiological constants, i.e. a living language and a living word. Not “the only true” word, but a word charged with emotional energy should become an instrument of linguo-axiological construction, which is to be carried out on the basis of creative use of language as a system of possibilities. The ethnotype of a real Russian writer is formed, which is contrasted with the linguacultural type of a successful word seller. The Russian writer, who selflessly serves the Russian language, is to pave the way to a living language by creating texts, which would continue the traditions of classical Russian literature as an imperishable national value.
The Northern Black Sea Frontier and Its Residents at the Turn of the Eras. Review of: Sen’, D. V. (2020). Russko-krymsko-osmanskoe pogranich’e: prostranstvo, iavleniia, liudi (konets XVII — XVIII v.): Izbrannye trudy [Russian-Crimean-Ottoman Borderland: Space, Phenomena, People (Late 17th — 18th Centuries). Selected Works]. Rostov-on-Don: Altair Publishers. 420 p.
Authors:   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia, Khrapunov Nikita I.
Published: December 2021

This review presents some reflections on the new book by well-known Cossack historian Dmitrii V. Sen’ which collects his articles and papers on Northern Black Sea history under new conditions developed when the Ottoman Empire lost the war with the Holy League of European powers, concluded the treatises of Karlowitz and Constantinople, and political initiative in the region passed into the hands of Russia. The author’s attention is focused on various individual and collective strategies of adaptation to new life conditions among frontier populations (Crimean Tatars and the Nogais of the steppe, various groups of Cossacks, including those who escaped from the Russian authorities to the areas controlled by Crimean khans). The Russian authorities in the region also had to adapt themselves and learn how to control a complicated borderland country in close contact with the Ottomans, Crimeans, and residents of the North Caucasus. The book uncovers a complicated “mosaic-like” picture of the region where numerous groups and particular persons interacted, each having a specific way of life, interests, aims, and ambitions. The author outlines prospective ways of further research on the eighteenth-century history of the Northern Black Sea Area.
On the Limits of the Ural Megasupertext in Russian Culture. Review of: Sozina, E. K. (Ed.). (2020). Istoriia literatury Urala. XIX vek [The History of Ural Literature. 19th Century]. (Books 1–2). Moscow: Izdatel’skii Dom YaSK. 1439 p.
Authors:   Udmurt State University, Izhevsk, Russia, Zvereva Tatyana V.
Published: December 2021

The book under review is the first research in the history of Russian philology aimed at structuring and comprehensive description of 19th-century Russian literature in the Urals. The monograph coauthored by the best scholars of regional fiction substantiates the term ‘Ural megasupertext’. The review raises a question about the outer limits and semantic capacity of the term. The History of Ural Literature gives an extended interpretation thereof, as the research subject comprises Russian as well as national literatures from the geographical Great Urals such as Bashkir, Komi, and Udmurt literatures. The authors look beyond the literary process research turning to studying the theatre and publishing trade which inevitably leads the ‘Ural text’ concept to extend. Besides, The History of Ural Literature comprises works by writers both directly connected with the region and those whose stay in the Urals was momentary. The review states that actual experience of writing monographs aimed at comprehensive construction of the history of literature demonstrates that each time scholars must consistently solve for themselves the fundamental issues connected with the capacity and structure of the research field.
Special Education Teachers’ Perception of Virtual Reality Education Spaces in Special Schools
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, Kim Wonhyeong , Han Kyounggun
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the considerations for the potential for use of virtual reality(VR) education spaces in special schools. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted with five special school teachers concerning the operation of their VR education space with an eye toward the positive aspects as well as things to be improved. The results showed that the VR spaces in special schools mainly focused on physical education and were also used for non-curricular activities. The VR space allowed for educational activities that were free from the constraints of the physical environment and had many advantages in terms of teaching and learning. However, due to the limitations of the VR program itself, various efforts were required to increase its future use in education. Based on these results, we discussed several considerations for future educational use of VR were discussed.
SYSTEMATIZATION OF THE LAW IN ENGLAND IN THE EARLY 17th CENTURY: THE IMPORTANCE OF FRANCIS BACON’S IDEAS
Authors:   MGIMO University, Trikoz E. N. ,   RUDN University
Published: December 2021

Introduction: in the year of the 460th anniversary of the birth of Francis Bacon, an English philosopher and lawyer, statesman and court practitioner, of special relevance is research into Bacon’s contribution to the development of theoretical and organizational bases of the law reform and the technique of law systematization. In his works, Bacon put forward a set of ideas concerning rationalization of common law and novelization of statutory law in early modern England. Purpose and objectives: to identify the features of legal discourse and dogmatic opposition between legal corporations of lawyers of common and civil law; to analyze their influence on the formation of Bacon’s legal worldview; to determine his contribution to the development of the concept of the ‘reform of law’ and the doctrine of the sources of law in Anglo-Saxon jurisprudence; to evaluate the content of his theoretical treatises and legislative proposals concerning the systematization of statutory and case law in early Stuart England. Methods: in the course of the study of Bacon’s development as a thinker and his career advancement, we employed methodological approaches such as dialectical, cultural, general historical, sociological, dogmatic. When analyzing Bacon’s legal ideas and doctrines, his legislative projects and theoretical writings, we applied both general scientific methods (system-structural and formallogical, inductive and deductive) and special legal methods of cognition: historical-legal, comparative- legal and formal-legal, as well as methods of legal hermeneutics, interpretation, and juris linguistics. Results: we have formulated the definitions of the ‘reform of law’ and ‘systematization of law’ in the context of the legal discourse of early Stuart England and specifically in the framework of Bacon’s teachings; studied the directions of Bacon’s activity aimed at improving the judicial procedure and evidentiary practice, at unifying the law within the Anglo- Scottish union, and also the special model of the gradual reform of English law developed by Bacon. He defined the proper legal and technical conditions for the systematization of law, the necessary elements of legalistics, and the ‘general part’ in the form of a list of legal maxims andregulis juris provided in his translation. Conclusions: according to Bacon, ‘schematism’ of reforming the law involved several successive stages. We have established the following scheme of legal systematization as the ultimate goal of the legal reform according to Bacon’s plan: review and revision of statutory law – chronological incorporation of statutes and precedents – thematic hybrid codification (or consolidation) – creation of a ‘digest’ (corpus of laws) as a final document.
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INTERESTS IN REGULATION OF LAND USE
Authors:   Perm State University, Eyrian G. N.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: the article analyzes the evolution of Russian legislation on the use of land plots in the post-Soviet period from the perspective of public and private interests as reflected therein. Purpose: to analyze the development of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the use of land plots, with a focus on relations regarding the economic exploitation of the land plot as a natural resource; to assess current legislation from the perspective of the balance of public and private interests. Methods: methods of formal logic, historical, comparative legal and system-structural methods. Results: the development of legislation on the use of land plots in the Russian Federation has been inconsistent. At the first stage, before the adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the public interest acted as the limit of the exercise of ownership of land and other natural resources. The Constitution of the Russian Federation does not directly establish the social function of ownership of land and other natural resources. The provisions of the Constitution imply the potential opportunity for the development of various concepts of ownership in land law. Currently, the Land Code of the Russian Federation reflects the social function of ownership, which follows from a number of basic principles of land legislation. The legislator subordinated the regulation of relations on the use of land plots to public interests and, at the same time, liberalized the rights and obligations of the owners of land plots in contrast to the Land Code of the RSFSR of 1991. From our point of view, this circumstance demonstrates the legislator's desire to harmonize land and civil legislation in the regulation of land use.
Fremdgänger
Authors: Mulsow Martin
Published: December 2021

«In jedem Fremdwort steckt der Sprengstoff von Aufklärung», hat Theodor W. Adorno gesagt, denn in ihm «lockt eine Art Exogamie der Sprache, die aus dem Umkreis des Immergleichen, dem Bann dessen, was man ohnehin ist und kennt, heraus möchte». Lässt sich diese Beobachtung auch auf Münzen übertragen, wenn sie Fremdgegenstände sind, aus fernen Kulturen, beschriftet mit exotischen Zeichen? Gibt es eine Exogamie der Prägungen? Und wie kann diese Exogamie, wenn es sie gibt, zur Aufklärung beitragen?
Caesarmord auf kleiner Münze
Authors: Giuliani Luca
Published: December 2021

An den Iden des März 44 v.u.Z.1 fiel Julius Caesar einem Attentat zum Opfer:2 Eine Gruppe von Verschwörern, angeführt von M. Junius Brutus und C. Cassius Longinus, scharte sich bei einer Senatssitzung um ihn und erdolchte ihn. Wenige Wochen zuvor hatte er sich zum Diktator auf Lebenszeit ernennen lassen. Zur Überraschung der Attentäter war die allgemeine Reaktion auf die Ermordung des Diktators nicht euphorisch, sondern panisch und ratlos. Das Attentat hatte keineswegs die Freiheit zu neuem Leben erweckt, sondern lediglich ein Machtvakuum geschaffen. Bald traten Anwärter hervor, die bereit waren, dieses Vakuum zu füllen. Die Zeichen standen auf Bürgerkrieg. In Rom selbst hatten die Attentäter nicht genug Unterstützung gefunden. So verließen sie gegen Ende des Jahres Italien und begannen im Osten Truppen zu sammeln. Im Rahmen der Kriegsvorbereitungen haben Brutus und Cassius auch Münzen geprägt – nicht zuletzt, um die angeworbenen Soldaten zu bezahlen.
Ansichten vom dösenden Ohr. Abschweifungen zu Hans Baldung und Terry Fox
Authors: Glasmeier Michael
Published: December 2021

Die deutsche Renaissance hat eine Fülle bemerkenswert extremer Bildäußerungen hervorgebracht. Neben den gemäßigten Albrecht Dürer oder Hans Holbein sind es beispielsweise Albrecht Altdorfer, Matthias Grünewald, Hans Schäufelin, Martin Schongauer oder Konrad Witz, die insgesamt zwischen Humanismus und Reformation, neuem Bürgertum und abgewirtschafteten Adel, Bildverehrung und Ikonoklasmus laborierten und mit teilweise möglichst unsublimierten Darstellungen die sinnliche und brutale Erfahrung von Körperhaftigkeit ins Zentrum ihres Wirkens stellen. Diesem Kreis ist auch der äußerst spezielle Hans Baldung Grien (1484/85–1545) zuzurechnen, dem unter dem Titel heilig | unheilig 2019 die große Landesausstellung in der Staatlichen Kunsthalle Karlsruhe gewidmet war.
Agenda 2030 in Brazil
Authors: Batista Gisele Victor
Published: December 2021

The health crisis at COVID-19 resulted in damage to human life and inevitable economic consequences, requiring immediate responses from governments. In this context, this work carried out an analysis on the Federal Development Strategy of Brazil, 2020 – 2031 in light of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Exploratory methodology was used and descriptive research was used to analyze and interpret the facts, in order to develop concepts and ideas needed to formulate new approaches on the same topic. Thus, an examination was carried out on the actions of economic recovery, according to the Federal Decree, which listed five axes to increase the income and quality of life of the Brazilian population, aiming at sustained economic growth and job creation. This work was complemented with the exploration of the results presented in the V Light Report of Civil Society Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development Brazil, which studied the fulfillment of the goals of Agenda 2030 in Brazil, by the Federal Government. The results achieved showed that the economic growth in the country, today and for the next few years, lacks a national articulation with clear guidelines and defined scopes, whose achievement of the goals established by the UN-SDGs will take place without stagnation and setbacks. The contribution of this study is the urgent need to look at the 2030 Agenda, to ensure social inclusion and sustainable development in Brazil.
The Mercosur in the midst of the crisis
Authors: Cruz Dayana Aparecida Marques de Oliveira
Published: December 2021

Since 2016, the four States Parties to the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) - Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay - are experiencing internal political and economic crises that cannot be understood without observing the South American regional context. With the pandemic of the new coronavirus, the crisis also took on a health dimension, whose repercussions in 2021 made the celebration of the bloc's thirty years a moment of reflection on the effectiveness of the integration process, due to the absence of territorial management that addresses the Mercosur needs. The purpose of this text is to discuss the measures adopted in the context of Mercosur in the face of the current pandemic, economic and political crisis. The methodology used for the elaboration of the text included a bibliographic review on the regional integration process in Mercosur and the analysis of news about the situation and the measures adopted to contain the effects of the crisis in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.
The Shielding Volume Reduction in a High Dose Rate Brachytherapy Room
Authors:   , González-Guzmán S.
Published: December 2021

This paper describes a method to reduce the shielding thickness in a high dose brachytherapy treatment room, with an Iridium-192 source, using the protocols established by the International Atomic Energy Agency in its Safety Report No. 47; calculating the volume of shielding material, without failing to comply with the radiation safety parameters established by the General Radiation Safety Regulations and regulations in force by the Comisión Nacional de Seguridad Nuclear y Salvaguardias, which acts as the regulatory body for the use of radioactive sources in Mexico. The shielding of the walls was determined as a function of room design, source activity, workload, use factor, number of weekly treatments, treatment time, and shielding material properties. The results show that the shielding volume can be reduced by 19.592% and 20.727% for five-point and eleven-point fractionation, respectively, for a Brachytherapy room with a maze.
[RETRACTED] Erex Male Enhancement Reviews - See This Now | Know This First! v1
Authors: not provided erexmale
Published: December 2021

[RETRACTED]

Life today is full of stress at various levels. Professional, personal, social, and academic levels, you need to achieve something. If you are not able to achieve what people want from you or you wanted to achieve.
First report of white rot of wood sumac in the Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS caused by Schizophyllum commune
Authors:   Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, Pavluk N.A. , Pshennikova L.M. ,   Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS
Published: December 2021

White rot of staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina f. laciniata) wood in the collection of Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS caused by Schizophyllum commune is discussed.
Kadınlarda Ailenin İşlevselliği, Roller ile Karşılıklı Bağımlılık Arasındaki İlişkide Gerçek ve Psikolojik Doğum Sırasının Düzenleyici Rolü
Authors: ULUSOY Yağmur , İNCEOĞLU Feyza
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı ailedeki roller, ailenin işlevselliği ile karşılıklı bağımlılık arasındaki ilişkiyi ve gerçek doğum sırası ile psikolojik doğum sırasının bu ilişki üzerindeki etkisinin farklılık gösterip göstermediğini incelemektir. Bu araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinde okuyan, yaşları 17 ile 40 arasında değişen 501 kadın öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Bileşik Karşılıklı Bağımlılık Ölçeği, McMaster Aile Değerlendirme Ölçeği ve White-Campbell Psikolojik Doğum Sırası Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 25.0 ve AMOS 24 istatistik paket programları ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular, rollerin hem genel işlevsellik hem de karşılıklı bağımlılığı pozitif yönde anlamlı düzeyde yordamaktadır. Ancak roller ile karşılıklı bağımlılık arasındaki ilişkide ailenin işlevselliğinin aracı rolü anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Psikolojik doğum sırası ile gerçek doğum sırası aynı ve farklı olanların genel işlevsellik ile karşılıklı bağımlılık arasındaki ilişkideki düzenleyici rolleri anlamlıdır. Psikolojik doğum sırası ile gerçek doğum sırası farklı olanların, aynı olanlara göre rolleri hem genel işlevsellik hem de karşılıklı bağımlılık üzerindeki düzenleyici etkisinin daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular alan yazın ışığında tartışılmış, araştırmacılara ve ebeveynlere çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.
Ana Babalık Davranışları Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: DOĞAN LAÇİN Betül Gökçen , YALÇIN İlhan
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, okulöncesi dönemde (3-6 yaş) çocukları olan ana babaların ana babalık davranışlarını belirlemeye yönelik güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektedir. Kapsamda yapılan çalışmada ana babalar gözlem ve görüşme yapılmıştır. Alanyazın tarandığında ana babalığım olumlu ve olumsuz boyutlarının yer aldığı görülmüş, bu boyutları yansıtan Türk kültürüne uygun maddeler yazılmıştır. 41 maddeden oluşan havuz oluşturularak bu maddeler alanda uzman kişilerin görüşüne sunulmuştur. Uzmanlardan gelen dönütler doğrultusunda maddeler yeniden düzenlenip, ölçme ve değerlendirme uzmanının görüşü alınmıştır. Son hali verilen 40 maddeden oluşan ölçme aracının yapısını ortaya koyabilmek için, Ankara ilinde MEB’e bağlı anaokulu ve ana sınıflarında öğrenim gören çocukların gönüllü ana babalarına ulaşılmıştır. Ana babaların 232’si kadın, 193’ü erkek toplam 426 kişidir. Yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonunda ölçeğin olumlu ve olumsuz ana babalık davranışları olmak üzere iki alt boyutu olan toplam 28 maddelik bir ölçme aracı olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen bu formun doğruluğunu belirlemek için farklı bir gruptan veri toplanmıştır. Bu grup Ankara ilinde MEB’e bağlı anaokulu ve ana sınıflarında öğrenim gören çocukların gönüllü 471 ana babasından oluşmaktadır. Ana babaların 294’ü kadın 177’si erkektir. Bu analiz sonunda elde edilen bulgular yapının doğrulandığını göstermektedir (χ²=802.86, sd=349, χ²/sd=2.3, RMSEA=0.05, SRMR=0.05, GFI=0.90, AGFI=0.88, CFI=0.93, NFI=0.89, NNFI=0.92). Sonuç olarak, okulöncesi dönemde çocukları olan ana babaların ana babalık davranışlarını belirlemeye yönelik Türk kültürünü yansıtan güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçme aracı elde edilmiştir.
6. Sınıf “Ses ve Özellikleri” Ünitesine Yönelik Fen Bilgisi Öğretmenlerinin Görüşleri
Authors: KÜÇÜK Mehmet , ÜNAL İbrahim , TAŞCAN Merve
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı 6. sınıf “Ses ve Özellikleri” ünitesinin öğretimi ile ilgili fen bilgisi öğretmenlerinin görüşlerini almaktır. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması ile yürütülen araştırmanın katılımcılarını 39 fen bilgisi öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların belirlenmesinde amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden kriter örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri kişisel bilgilerin sorgulandığı ve görüşme sorularının yer aldığı iki bölümden oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış bir görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Öğretmen görüşmelerinden elde edilen veriler iki ayrı araştırmacı tarafından bütünsel bir şekilde ele alınarak içerik analizine tabi tutulmuş, ana ve alt temalar belirlenmiştir. Kodlayıcılar arasındaki uyum yüzdesi %85,365 olarak hesaplanmıştır. İçerik analizi sonucunda ses konusu ile ilgili “kazanımların yeterliliği”, “ders kitabının yeterliliği”, “öğrencilerin en çok problem yaşadığı konu/kavramlar”, “ünite işlenirken kullanılan yöntem/teknikler”, “ünite işlenirken kullanılan materyaller”, “etkinlikler” ve “kullanılan değerlendirme çeşitleri” olmak üzere toplamda 7 ana tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Görüşmelerde kazanımların ve konu içeriğinin fazla sadeleştirildiği, öğretmenlerin öğretim sürecinde geleneksel yaklaşımları tercih ettikleri ve kaynakları etkili kullanmakta problem yaşadıkları, öğrencilerin anlaşılması kolay olarak ifade edilse de ses konularının hemen hepsinde anlama problemi yaşadıkları ve öğretmenlerin ses konularındaki alan ve alan eğitimi bilgilerinin yetersiz olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda öğretmen ve öğrencilerin ses konusu ile ilgili olarak karşılaştıkları problemler çeşitli açılardan ele alınarak var olan durum ortaya konulmaya çalışılmış ve öneriler sunulmuştur.
Öğretmenlerin Motivasyon Etkenlerini Yeniden Keşfetmek: Sahadan Sesler
Authors: DENİZ Ünal
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırma, kamu ve özel okullarda farklı öğretim kademelerinde görev yapan 18 öğretmenin iş motivasyon etkenlerine yönelik görüşlerinin incelendiği bir durum çalışmasıdır. Katılımcılar, maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz, içerik analizi ve sürekli karşılaştırma tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları; öğretmenlerin özellikle dışsal motivasyonun daha fazla etkisi altında oldukları göstermektedir. Bu noktada; mevcut eğitim politikaları, okul yöneticileri, öğrenciler ile velilerin ve meslektaşların tutum ve davranışları öğretmen motivasyonunu önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar, öğretmen motivasyonun sağlanması için güçlü bir politika ve paydaş desteğine ihtiyaç duyduğuna işaret etmektedir. Bu bağlamda sonraki araştırmaların, öğretmenlerin eğitim paydaşlarından beklentilerini ve bunun öğretmen motivasyonu üzerindeki olası etkilerini derinlemesine incelemesi önerilmektedir.
Öğrenci ve Öğretmen Merkezli Eşzamanlı Çevrimiçi Öğrenme Ortamlarında Sorgulama Topluluğu Oluşumlarının İncelenmesi: İki Durum Çalışması
Authors: KILIÇ Servet , GÖKOĞLU Seyfullah
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırma eşzamanlı çevrimiçi öğrenme ortamında öğrenci ve öğretmen merkezli olarak uygulanan farklı iki öğretim stratejisinin sorgulama topluluğu oluşumlarına etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Öğrenci merkezli olarak yürütülen “Yazılım Kurulumu ve Yönetimi” ile öğretmen merkezli olarak yürütülen “Ofis Yazılımları” dersleri iki farklı durum çalışması olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya Bilgisayar Teknolojileri Bölümü birinci sınıfında öğrenim gören 32 erkek ve 6 kız olmak üzere toplam 38 öğrenci katılmıştır. Birinci durum çalışması 14 hafta boyunca toplam 28 saat, ikinci durum çalışması ise 14 hafta boyunca toplam 56 saat sürmüştür. Veriler sorgulama topluluğu modeli ölçeği ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak çevrimiçi olarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, öğrenci merkezli öğretim stratejisinin kullanıldığı birinci durumda, öğretmen merkezli öğretim stratejisinin kullanıldığı ikinci duruma göre sorgulama topluluğu oluşumları daha yüksek düzeydedir. Her iki öğretim stratejisinde de öğrencilerin öğretimsel buradalıkları, sosyal ve bilişsel buradalıklara göre daha fazla ön plana çıkmıştır. Öğretim elemanlarının tasarım ve organizasyon rolleri ve öğrencilerle iletişimleri öğretimsel buradalığın gelişiminde önemli rol oynamıştır. Öğrencilerin ders içi ve ders dışı etkileşimleri ile işbirliğine dayalı grup çalışmaları sosyal buradalığın gelişimine katkı sağlamıştır. Ders içerisinde soru-cevap tekniğinin kullanılması, tartışma ortamlarının oluşması ve öğrencilerin farklı kaynaklardan bilgi edinmeye çalışmaları bilişsel buradalığı etkileyen faktörlerdir. Elde edilen sonuçların eşzamanlı çevrimiçi öğrenme ortamlarında sorgulama topluluğunun oluşturulabilmesi bakımından eğitimcilere yol gösterici nitelikte olacağı düşünülmektedir.