bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and prediction of land cover changes using the land change modeler (LCM) in a semiarid river basin, Iran
Authors: Khoshnood Motlagh Sajad , Sadoddin Amir , Haghnegahdar Amin , Razavi Saman , Salmanmahiny Abdolrassoul , Ghorbani Khalil
Published: April 2021

Predicting future land cover (LC) changes is an important step in the proper planning and management of watersheds. As a susceptible area to salinity and desertification, receiving only about 195 mm rainfall annually, the Hable‐Rud River basin is especially sensitive to land use/cover changes. Based on corrected LANDSAT satellite images for the years 1986, 2000, and 2017, the LC were extracted using the maximum likelihood (ML) method. LC changes were predicted by applying the land change modeler (LCM) for the basin. The kappa index for classification in 1986, 2000, and 2017 was 75, 78, and 81%, respectively. Using LCM, the prediction was accomplished for the year 2017 with a kappa index of above 74%. The LC map was predicted for year 2040. The analysis indicates that over the past 32 years, bare land, saline land, agricultural, industrial, and residential areas have increased by about 8, 6.2, 2.7, 0.63, and 0.48%, respectively; while rangeland area was decreased by 18%. Results also indicate that given the predicted LC for year 2040 in comparison with the reference year (2017), saline land, agricultural, industrial, and residential areas will be likely to continue to increase by about 3, 1.5, 0.7, and 0.8%, respectively, whereas bare land and rangeland will most likely decrease by about 4.55 and 1.45%, respectively. The findings of this study assist in analyzing the future trends of LC changes in the basin. This information can be used as a guide for land planners and managers in future land use planning of the area.
Design of an Injectable Polypeptide Hydrogel Depot Containing the Immune Checkpoint Blocker Anti‐PD‐L1 and Doxorubicin to Enhance Antitumor Combination Therapy
Authors: Shi Yingge , Li Dong , He Chaoliang , Chen Xuesi
Published: April 2021

Combination therapy can be used to enhance the therapeutic response and decrease side effects during cancer treatment. In this study, a system is developed to locally deliver the immune checkpoint blockade antibody targeting programmed death‐ligand 1 (anti‐PD‐L1 or aPD‐L1) and doxorubicin (Dox), by an injectable, biocompatible polypeptide hydrogel as a drug depot. The localized and sustained release of Dox after the intratumoral injection of the co‐loaded hydrogel induces immunogenic tumor cell death, thus promoting an antitumor immunological response. The tumor inhibitory effect is significantly enhanced by the simultaneous release of aPD‐L1 at the tumor site thanks to its action on the inhibition of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway and restoration of the tumor‐killing effect of cytotoxic T cells. Treatment of the B16F10 melanoma model with the aPD‐L1 and Dox co‐loaded hydrogel leads to a remarkable inhibition of tumor progression and prolongation of animal survival.
Electroinduced Reconfiguration of Complex Emulsions for Fabrication of Polymer Particles with Tunable Morphology
Authors: Guo Yongshun , Fang Yanxiong , Jia Kangle , Yu Yue , Yu Longfei , Li Huanling , Zhang Junjie , Zheng Xiaoshan , Huang Linjia , Wen Wu , Mai Yuliang
Published: April 2021

Continuous morphological control of anisotropic particles is always an important challenge in the field of materials. In this study, a new strategy for continuous fabrication of polymer particles with various morphologies induced by electricity is reported using complex emulsions as template. A synthetic electro‐responsive surfactant containing ferrocene group is used to prepare complex emulsions, which contain a polymerizable monomer as inner phase. With the increasing time of electrical stimulation on the complex emulsions, hollow, hemispherical, mushroom‐like, and spherical particles are constructed successively after photopolymerization. The Marangoni effect caused by the heterogeneity in the interfacial tension at the droplet surface is the reason for the reconfigurable morphology of the complex emulsion. The controllable complex emulsions by electricity present a versatile platform for constructing fine control of the microstructure and shape anisotropy of particles having customized shapes and functionalities, opening a new possibility for designing sophisticated architectures.
Stiffness‐Dependent Intracellular Location of Cylindrical Polymer Brushes
Authors: Niederberger Antoine , Pelras Théophile , Manni Livia Salvati , FitzGerald Paul A. , Warr Gregory G. , Müllner Markus
Published: April 2021

Cylindrical polymer brushes (CPBs) are macromolecules with nanoparticle proportions. Their modular synthesis enables tailoring of their chemical composition as well as the dialing‐up of overall dimensions and physicochemical properties. In this study, two rod‐like poly[(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (PEGMA)‐based CPBs with varying stiffness but otherwise comparable features and functionality, are synthesized. Differences in particle stiffness are assessed using small angle neutron scattering (SANS). It is observed that the fate of the two CPBs within cells is distinctly different. Stiffer CPBs seem to gravitate toward the mitochondria, whereas CPBs with reduced stiffness are present in different intracellular vesicles.
Use of Nanoindentation to Mechanically Characterized Polypropylene/Cloisite 15A Nanocomposites Films Exposed to Gamma‐Irradiation
Authors: Kaci Mustapha , Touati Naima , Bourmaud Alain , Grohens Yves
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the effect of γ‐irradiation on the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)/Cloisite 15A (5 wt %) nanocomposites is investigated by nanoindentation technique up to 100 kGy. The film samples, with an average thickness of 150 μm, are prepared by melt compounding with and without PP‐grafted‐maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MA) used as the compatibilizer at 20 wt %. Nanoindentation results show an increase in both modulus and hardness with the irradiation dose for the PP nanocomposites, being however much higher for the compatibilized sample compared to both uncompatibilized one and neat PP. FTIR spectra show a strong absorption band at 1715 cm−1 in the irradiated samples assigned to ketonic groups whose intensity increased with the dose. Further, the oxidation rate of PP nanocomposites is faster than that of neat PP. Overall, the nanoindentation results are in a good agreement with those obtained by FTIR spectroscopy.
Blockchain Technology—Applicability in the Traceability of a Product Throughout the Supply Chain
Authors: Obeidat Ramy , Ispas Adrian , Aleodor Bogdan , Bendic Vasile
Published: April 2021

Blockchain is a common, distributed, chronological, immutable, and cryptographically secure digital register that facilitates the process of recording transactions saved on multiple computers (nodes) in different locations which allow the assets to be easily tracked throughout the entire business network, regardless of their nature. Similar to a database, it can record continuously and scalable, the information added by users, as well as all the operations performed by and between users. Each new added operation or transaction that takes place in a blockchain is called a block, which as it is added, the new link is characterized by a unique identity called hash and forms an unbroken chain of information with records that can be public and verifiable. Thus, not having a central source of recording the information, they become a very difficult target for cyber attackers who want to alter or steal information about transactions, as well as in industrial espionage situations, as it can happen in companies which have in their portfolio the distribution of irrigation systems and installations, from which it is chosen to exemplify the benefits of using blockchain for the entire operational flow of the product PE 75×2 ½ compression fitting (elbow).
Business Model for SMEs in the Field of Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Costache Andreea Cristina , Moagăr‐Poladian Gabriel , Doicin Cristian Vasile
Published: April 2021

The paper presents a business model used by a small and medium enterprise (SME) that operates in the field of additive manufacturing, focuses on selective laser sintering technology, and using an industrial 3D printing system, Formiga P 100 from EOS. The SME develops specific parts for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), starting from the identification of the client's need, and customizing different components for various types of UAVs.[6] The decision of making these products imposes a detailed cost–benefit analysis and a new direction of commercial activity whose financial results are still under evaluation.[1] Under these circumstances, the new business model consists of set‐up a spin‐off business from the National Institute for Research and Development (NIRD) in Microtechnologies.
Advanced Polymeric Composite Product for Automotive Application
Authors: Ion Sorin Mihai , Tache Florin , Mahu Razvan Adrian , Opran Constantin Gheorghe
Published: April 2021

This long‐term study explores the development and application of a polymeric composite product with end goal to represent a light‐weight and eco‐friendly alternative to an existing car part, with current paper focusing on product development. Selecting the right constituents for an advanced polymeric composite product, having its end functional role in mind, is the foundation for a good development process. As modelling and simulation are key for predicting, defining and controlling the manufacturing process, the paper includes mathematical modelling and numerical simulations of how the structure performs during the technological process; thus, refining the concept and optimizing the process before producing industrial applications. A few samples of the polymeric composite product are manufactured where glass fibers are used as reinforcement material, due to their reduced specific weight, affordable price and widespread availability. Concrete results consequently include designing, building and testing multiple variations of the polymeric composite product manufactured in semi‐cylindrically shaped samples using a research demonstration mold. Considering obtained results, large‐scale industrial application is envisaged for automotive polymeric composite parts that would be brought to market at competitive prices.
Investigation on Geometrical Complexity Techniques for Assessing AM Feasibility
Authors: Greco Alessandro , Piccicacchi Giovanni , Manco Pasquale , De Franchi Rocco , Ambrico Michele , Caputo Francesco , Gerbino Salvatore
Published: April 2021

Currently, there is a growing interest of industries in applying additive manufacturing (AM) technology for generating objects with high geometrical complexity and low weight, ensuring good performance, comparable to those ones of products realized by means of traditional techniques. Anyway, it is still usual to realize AM products without focusing on the morphology of the object, hence without exploiting all the advantages of the technique. Indeed, since the several suitable AM technologies, it should be useful to know the functional characteristics of the component for the best choice of the appropriate one and its constructive complexity. In this regard, the 3D modeling strategy is extremely crucial for a proper realization of AM products. The paper deals with a study of the geometrical complexity of dashboard components of a car, based on several techniques for evaluating the geometric complexity. The latter is a fundamental element for estimating the feasibility of AM in terms of production costs and the benefits with respect to traditional molding. In detail, the study focuses on comparing several geometrical complexity evaluation techniques in order to identify the one that simplifies the calculation and better approximates the most used in literature.
Research on Optimizing of the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Using Advanced Expert Systems
Authors: Vulpes Tiberiu Cristian , Opran Constantin Gheorghe
Published: April 2021

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is one of the most efficient and effective methods of preventing defects and other nonconformities, by assessing potential failure of component functions during the fabrication process, their causes and effects, with the purpose of identifying preventive actions which can have the consequence a higher product reliability. Modern FMEA procedures represent a new approach, in seven steps, for documenting technical risks, in order to achieve a more transparent process of design and execution of a new product. By using it in a correct and consistent way, FMEA allows the timely identification and avoidance of quality problems. Beyond its indisputable advantages, FMEA also presents a series of disadvantages due to the rather complicated formalism that it imposes and the direct presence of experts. In order to eliminate the deficiencies presented above, the paper proposes a solution for a new expert system which has the scope to optimize the FMEA. The application of research in the engineering of polymeric and composite products is being considered.
Numerical Characterization of Pretensioning of a Hybrid Joint Under Longitudinal Load
Authors: Lamanna Giuseppe , Opran Constantin G.
Published: April 2021

Most mechanical structures are composed of several components of different shape, size and material. In order to guarantee the connections among such parts is often necessary to adopt different connection mechanisms. The joints represent the structure possible weak points, can be easily site of damage and rupture so their careful design plays a decisive role. In recent years, the use of polymeric composite materials has become widespread, both in the automotive, aerospace and nautical fields. They allow advantages not only in terms of durability in aggressive environments, such as sea water or chemical industry, but also in terms of effective strength‐weight ratio. In particular, the latter translates into fuel savings and a consequent reduction in costs and pollution. It is stated a weight reduction of just 1 kg, on a mid‐range routing aircraft, can save up to 3000 L of fuel per year. The scientific community is making great efforts to develop high‐performance and reliable connections. Among the types of composite joint, the one of interest for this study is called hybrid, as it combines two connection mechanisms: bolting and bonding. Numerous studies and experimental researches, conducted on both the two separate variants and their hybrid version, the comparison of the analyses shows the hybrid one offers better results in terms of strength and fatigue life. In this paper, virtual models are built to simulate traction tests; the results are compared to experimental ones in order to validate the numerical model. In particular, the study focuses on the pretensioning influence on the joint structural behavior.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Tightening in a Hybrid Single Lap Joint
Authors: Lamanna Giuseppe , Perrella Michele , Opran Constantin G.
Published: April 2021

Hybrid mechanical joints are achieved by the simultaneous use of multiple connection mechanisms such as bolting and bonding. This technique allows to obtain advantages in terms of mechanical properties compared to simple joints such as longer fatigue life and operability in critical environmental conditions. Many parameters influence the structural behavior of the hybrid junctions in this perspective numerical simulation can play a decisive role to the cause. Using hybrid joints allows generally to obtain a more homogeneous stress distribution than bolted ones which is why, over the years, such type of joint is widely used in the automotive and naval industries as well as in the avionics, with particular reference to the residual strength in partially damaged components. In the present work, a numerical model representative of tensile tests on single lap joints characterized by adherends of different nature is presented.
Advocates suggest Rhode Island leaders deceptive in hospital downsizing plan
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: April 2021

A continued downsizing of Rhode Island's state psychiatric hospital campus has placed a strain of crisis proportions on the state's mental health service system, say mental health advocates who in some cases use terms such as “scandal” to describe what has unfolded.
Replantation of forequarter amputation: Report of two cases with successful structural, motor and sensorial results
Authors: Özkan Ömer , Özkan Özlenen , Uysal Hilmi , Leblebicioğlu Gürsel , Tombak Kadriye , Ogan Onur , Göztepe Mehmet Berke
Published: April 2021

Although there have been numerous reports of major replantation of upper extremity amputations, limited numbers of above‐elbow amputation replantation have been reported. We present the technical details of two successful replantations of forequarter amputations in a nine‐year‐old girl and a three‐year‐old boy. In both cases, the forequarter was amputated due to avulsion traction injuries resulting in amputation including the entire upper limb, while the integrity of the scapula and parascapular muscles was maintained, with no injury to the glenohumeral joint. Replantation was performed, involving a shorter ischemia time with proper fixation, and vascular and neural repairs. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and motor and sensorial acquisition were quite satisfactory during follow‐up periods of 9 and 6 years, respectively. Proper fixation of the amputated part mimicking the original anatomy, radical debridement of avulsed vessels, and reconstruction of the defect using long vein grafts and neural repair while maintaining proper integrity are the most important factors in success. When the requirements are met, replantation of the forequarter in a child yields a superior outcome, from both the functional and esthetic perspectives. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the English literature involving two sequential cases of such high‐level replantation resulting in successful reacquisition of both viability and function.
Optimal existence of fractional order computer virus epidemic model and numerical simulations
Authors: Akgül Ali , Sajid Iqbal Muhammad , Fatima Umbreen , Ahmed Nauman , Iqbal Zafar , Raza Ali , Rafiq Muhammad , Rehman Muhammad Aziz‐ur
Published: April 2021

Aim of this article is to analyze the fractional order computer epidemic model. To this end, a classical computer epidemic model is extended to the fractional order model by using the Atangana–Baleanu fractional differential operator in Caputo sense. The regularity condition for the solution to the considered system is described. Existence of the solution in the Banach space is investigated and some benchmark results are presented. Steady states of the system is described and stability of the model at these states is also studied, with the help of Jacobian matrix method. Some results for the local stability at disease free equilibrium point and endemic equilibrium point are presented. The basic reproduction number is mentioned and its role on stability analysis is also highlighted. The numerical design is formulated by applying the Atangana–Baleanu integral operator. The graphical solutions are also presented by computer simulations at both the equilibrium points.
High‐Coverage Metabolome Analysis Reveals Significant Diet Effects of Autoclaved and Irradiated Feed on Mouse Fecal and Urine Metabolomics
Authors: Su Xiaoling , Yu Jiong , Wang Nan , Zhao Shuang , Han Wei , Chen Deying , Li Liang , Li Lanjuan
Published: April 2021

Scope

Using metabolomics to study the relations of nutrition and health requires stringent control of the experimental conditions used in an animal model. This work investigates the diet effects of autoclaved and irradiated feed on mouse urine and fecal metabolomics.

Methods and Results

C57BL/6 mice are fed normal‐irradiation sterilized diet (n = 9), autoclave sterilized diet (n = 9), and high‐irradiation sterilized diet (n = 9) for 4 weeks. Differential chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry is used to quantify the metabolome variations of urine and feces collected at five time points. Significant differences are observed in urine or fecal metabolomes of mice fed autoclaved diet versus mice fed high‐irradiation diet or fed normal‐irradiation diet, while the differences are small between the mice fed normal‐irradiation and high‐irradiation diet. Correlation studies of metabolite changes of diet‐ and aging‐related biomarkers indicate a large overlap of significantly affected metabolites by the two factors.

Conclusions

Diet can be a confounding factor that needs to be carefully considered when a metabolomics study is designed and metabolomic results of a mouse model of nutritional or other biological study are interpreted. Using the same sterilized diet for a given metabolomics project is essential to control the diet effect.
Razorback Sucker Spawning in an Intermittent Colorado Tributary
Authors: Hooley-Underwood Zachary E. , Thompson Kevin G. , Bestgen Kevin R.
Published: April 2021

Endangered and endemic Razorback Suckers Xyrauchen texanus of the Colorado River basin largely spawn in main-stem rivers and reservoirs. While documenting other native fish use of two intermittent tributaries of the Gunnison River, Colorado, USA, we detected PIT-tagged Razorback Suckers during the 2015–2019 spawning seasons (April–June) and captured reproductively ready individuals. Because the species is rarely documented in small tributaries, we highlight this occurrence. Prior to 2019, up to 30 individual Razorback Suckers were detected annually in Roubideau Creek, a tributary to the Gunnison River near Delta, Colorado. In 2019, use increased as we detected 110 individual Razorback Suckers in Roubideau Creek, and, for the first time, we handled or detected seven in Cottonwood Creek. These fish represented multiple age-classes of hatchery-reared fish repatriated to the Gunnison River to aid recovery. We collected and identified 1,171 larval catostomids from Cottonwood Creek, but none were Razorback Suckers, and even though ripe adults were collected, it remains unclear if reproduction occurred. We suspect that high runoff in 2019 drove increased use of the system. Presence of Razorback Suckers in five consecutive years indicated that intermittent tributaries might be of greater importance than previously thought for this species, and these streams warrant further investigation and protection.
Efficacy and Safety of Trametinib in Non-V600 BRAF
Mutant Melanoma: A Phase II Study
Authors: Nebhan Caroline A. , Johnson Douglas B. , Sullivan Ryan J. , Amaria Roda N. , Flaherty Keith T. , Sosman Jeffrey A. , Davies Michael A.
Published: April 2021

Lessons Learned

This study suggests that trametinib has significant clinical activity in non-V600 BRAF mutation and BRAF fusion metastatic melanoma, albeit in a small cohort. All patients with metastatic melanoma should undergo sequencing of the BRAF gene to identify noncanonical BRAF mutations that may indicate benefit from treatment with trametinib.

Background

Non-V600 BRAF mutations and BRAF fusions in aggregate occur in approximately 5% of all melanomas. Inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has been implicated as a possible treatment strategy for these patients.

Methods

In this open-label, multicenter, phase II study, patients with advanced melanoma harboring mutations in BRAF outside V600 (non-V600) or BRAF fusions received trametinib 2.0 mg daily. Patients were divided into cohorts based on the intrinsic catalytic activity of BRAF mutation (high, cohort A; low/unknown, cohort B). The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) for patients in cohort A; secondary endpoints included ORR in cohort B, safety, and survival in both treatment arms.

Results

Among all patients, the ORR was 33% (three of nine patients), including 67% in cohort A and 17% in cohort B. Two patients had stable disease as best response, and six patients had some degree of tumor shrinkage. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.3 months. Treatment-related adverse events occurred in all patients (100%); most (89%) were grade 1–2.

Conclusion

In contrast to recently described tumor-agnostic studies in a genetically similar population, trametinib had considerable activity in a small population of patients with melanoma harboring BRAF non-V600 mutations and fusions, providing rationale for sequencing in search of these genomic alterations.
Pharmacovigilance network as an additional tool for the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Habarugira Jean Marie Vianney , Figueras Albert
Published: April 2021

Background

The WHO Programme for International Drug Monitoring (PIDM) is a large Pharmacovigilance network of countries sharing Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reports. Pharmacovigilance Experts have suggested that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an overlooked adverse event. We undertook this study to investigate the potential role of Pharmacovigilance databases in the surveillance of AMR.

Methods

Using the AWaRe (Access, Watch and Reserve) list and the WHO Priority Pathogens List, we established a list of antimicrobials and carried out a VigiBase search via VigiAccess, looking for ADR reports with Preferred Terms (PTs) that contained AMR‐relevant information. Identified Terms were matched with codes from the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA Version 21.1).

Results

Records on 86 drugs were retrieved with a total of 1 170 751 ADR reports submitted between 1968 and 2018. Seventeen PTs suggesting suspected resistance, ineffectiveness, inappropriate use, or medication error were used to code 15 250 reports. The most frequently used PTs were “Drug Ineffective” (45.6%), “Off label use” (9.5%) and “Pathogen Resistance” (8.9%). A group of six agents (Amoxicillin, Cefalotin, Ciprofloxacin, Clarithromycin, Levofloxacin and Daptomycin) accounted for 38% (n = 5806) of all 15 250 AMR‐relevant ADR reports. The PTs most frequently used in 5806 reports were grouped in 4 categories: drug ineffectiveness (62.5%), resistance (19.2%), off‐label use (12.1%) and prescription errors (6.2%).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that Pharmacovigilance databases could serve as a tool in tracking antimicrobial use and resistance especially in settings where laboratory capacity is still in its development stages. National Pharmacovigilance centers could play a proactive role in stimulating the reporting of AMR‐relevant ADRs which can serve as a basis for resistance suspicion alerts. Further studies focusing on the narrative and other clinical pharmacology details in ADR reports are required.
A third hierarchical level of narrower traits for the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology‐Basic Questionnaire
Authors: Gutiérrez Fernando , Vicente Enrique , Aluja Anton , Peri Josep M. , Gutiérrez‐Zotes Alfonso , Baillés Eva , Edo Villamón Silvia , Ruipérez Rodríguez María Ángeles , Meliá de Alba Amanda , Vall Gemma , Gallardo‐Pujol David
Published: April 2021

Current dimensional taxonomies of personality disorder show a stronger empirical grounding than categories, but may lack the necessary level of detail to make accurate predictions and case formulations. We need to further develop the lower levels of the hierarchy until reaching the building blocks of personality pathology. The Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology‐Basic Questionnaire (DAPP‐BQ) is well‐suited to this purpose due to its multilayered structure and its agreement with the official dimensional classifications. We disaggregated the 18 DAPP‐BQ mid‐level facets through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 3233 community subjects and outpatients. We obtained a set of 72 clinically relevant, narrower subfacets, which were reliable, well‐fitted to the data, and invariant between clinical and community subjects and between the sexes. This third level of abstraction increases by 4.7% the capacity to predict DSM categorical personality disorders, gives a particular advantage in capturing dependent, histrionic, paranoid, obsessive, and schizoid features and can provide the detailed information that clinical decisions demand.
Efficacy and residual activity of commercially available entomopathogenic nematode strains for Mediterranean fruit fly control and their ability to infect infested fruits
Authors: Kapranas Apostolos , Chronopoulou Anna , Lytra Ioanna C , Peters Arne , Milonas Panagiotis G , Papachristos Dimitrios P
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) show potential in controlling larvae of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly)Ceratitis capitate, but previous studies mainly concern species and strains that are not commercially available. The use of EPN for control of Mediterranean fruit fly is further hampered by the cost of using nematodes. In this study, the efficacy and residual activity of commercial strains of three EPN species,Steinernema carpοcapsae,S. feltiaeandHeterοrhabditis bacteriοphοramedfly)C. capitata, in the soil substrate and inside fruits were evaluated.

RESULTS

Suspensions of these species were applied at a dose of 1.5 mi m−2on a soil substrate wherein medfly larvae were added sequentially for a period of 4 weeks post application at 20 °C.S. feltiaeprovided the highest suppression up to 50% as assessed by adult medfly emergence because it had the highest immediate activity and long residual activity. Furthermore,S. feltiae, and to a lesser degreeS. carpocapsae, were able to move and infect medfly larvae inside infested apples and oranges left in the surface of the substrate wherein EPN were applied, reducing significantly adult medfly emergence (60–78%).

CONCLUSION

These results support the efficacy and feasibility of applying a single, relatively low dose ofS. feltiaein autumn, off‐season, targeting overwintering medfly larvae with the scope of reducing the number of adult medflies emerging later in the new season.
Anticancer activity of limonene: A systematic review of target signaling pathways
Authors: Araújo‐Filho Heitor Gomes de , dos Santos Jucilene F. , Carvalho Mikaella T. B. , Picot Laurent , Fruitier‐Arnaudin Ingrid , Groult Hugo , Quintans‐Júnior Lucindo J. , Quintans Jullyana S.S.
Published: April 2021

Limonene (LIM) is a monoterpene, which is abundant in essential oils of Citrus fruits peels (Rutaceae). More recently, LIM, as a potential natural anticancer compound, has attracted major attention and exerted a chemopreventive activity, stimulating the detoxification of carcinogenic compounds and limiting tumor growth and angiogenesis in various cancer models. Twenty‐six (26) articles were selected based on previously established criteria. Anticancer activity of LIM was related to the inhibition of tumor initiation, growth, and angiogenesis and the induction of cancer cells apoptosis. LIM was able to increase Bax expression, release cytochrome c, and activate the caspase pathway. In addition, LIM increased the expression of p53 and decreased the activity of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. LIM also decreased the expression of VEGF and increased the activities of the Man‐6‐P / IGF2R and TGF‐βIIR receptors. These results highlight LIM as an abundant natural molecule with low toxicity and pleiotropic pharmacological activity in cancer cells, targeting various cell‐signaling pathways critically involved in the initiation, growth, and chemoresistance of cancer cells.
The European Bioinformatics Community for Mass Spectrometry (EuBIC‐MS): an open community for bioinformatics training and research
Authors: Bittremieux Wout , Bouyssié David , Dorfer Viktoria , Locard‐Paulet Marie , Perez‐Riverol Yasset , Schwämmle Veit , Uszkoreit Julian , Van Den Bossche Tim
Published: April 2021

The European Bioinformatics Community for Mass Spectrometry (EuBIC‐MS; eubic-ms.org) was founded in 2014 to unite European computational mass spectrometry researchers and proteomics bioinformaticians working in academia and industry. EuBIC‐MS maintains educational resources (proteomics-academy.org) and organises workshops at national and international conferences on proteomics and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, EuBIC‐MS is actively involved in several community initiatives such as the Human Proteome Organization's Proteomics Standards Initiative (HUPO‐PSI). Apart from these collaborations, EuBIC‐MS has organised two Winter Schools and two Developers' Meetings that have contributed to the strengthening of the European mass spectrometry network and fostered international collaboration in this field, even beyond Europe. Moreover, EuBIC‐MS is currently actively developing a community‐driven standard dedicated to mass spectrometry data annotation (SDRF‐Proteomics) that will facilitate data reuse and collaboration. This manuscript highlights what EuBIC‐MS is, what it does, and what it already has achieved. A warm invitation is extended to new researchers at all career stages to join the EuBIC‐MS community on its Slack channel (eubic.slack.com).
Periodic Micropillar‐Patterned FTO/BiVO4 with Superior Light Absorption and Separation Efficiency for Efficient PEC Performance
Authors: Ju Sucheol , Kang Hojung , Jun Junho , Son Soomin , Park Jaemin , Kim Wonjoong , Lee Heon
Published: April 2021

In this study, a high‐performance photoanode based on 3D periodic, micropillar‐structured fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO‐MP) deposited with BiVO4 is fabricated using the patterned FTO by direct printing and spray pyrolysis, followed by the deposition of BiVO4 by sputtering and V ion heat‐treatment on the patterned FTO. The FTO‐MP enables light scattering owing to its 3D periodic structure and increases the light absorption efficiency. In addition, the high electron mobility of FTO and enlarged surface area of FTO‐MP enhance the separation efficiency. Due to the combination of these enhancing strategies, the photocurrent density of micropillar‐patterned BiVO4 at 1.23 VRHE reached 2.97 mA cm−2, which is 67.8% higher than that of flat BiVO4. The results suggest that the efficiency can increase significantly using the patterned FTO fabricated by an inexpensive and simple process (i.e., direct printing and spray pyrolysis), thereby indicating a new strategy for the enhancement of efficiency in various energy fields.
Fabrication of an Au25‐Cys‐Mo Electrocatalyst for Efficient Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Tan Yuan , Yan Lei , Huang Chuanqi , Zhang Wenna , Qi Haifeng , Kang Leilei , Pan Xiaoli , Zhong Yijun , Hu Yong , Ding Yunjie
Published: April 2021

Electrocatalysts for efficient production of ammonia from nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions are attracted growing interest in recent years, which demonstrate a great potential to replace the Haber–Bosch method which suffers the problems of the huge energy consumption and massive CO2 production. In this work, a novel electrocatalyst of Au25‐Cys‐M is fabricated for NRR under ambient conditions, with transition metal ions (e.g., Mo6+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+) atomically decorated on Au25 nanoclusters via thiol bridging. The Au25‐Cys‐Mo catalyst exhibits the highest Faradaic efficiency (26.5%) and NH3 yield (34.5 µg h−1 mgcat−1) in 0.1 m HCl solution. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and high angle annular dark field image‐scanning transmission electron microscopy characterization reveal that the electronic structure of Mo is optimized by forming the structure of Au‐S‐Mo and Mo acts as active sites for activating the nitrogen to promote the electrochemical production of ammonia. This work provides a new insight into the precise fabrication of efficient NRR electrocatalysts.
Synthesis of High‐Performance Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide at Low Temperature
Authors: Park Ji‐Hoon , Lu Ang‐Yu , Shen Pin‐Chun , Shin Bong Gyu , Wang Haozhe , Mao Nannan , Xu Renjing , Jung Soon Jung , Ham Donhee , Kern Klaus , Han Yimo , Kong Jing
Published: April 2021

The large‐area synthesis of high‐quality MoS2 plays an important role in realizing industrial applications of optoelectronics, nanoelectronics, and flexible devices. However, current techniques for chemical vapor deposition (CVD)‐grown MoS2 require a high synthetic temperature and a transfer process, which limits its utilization in device fabrications. Here, the direct synthesis of high‐quality monolayer MoS2 with the domain size up to 120 µm by metal‐organic CVD (MOCVD) at a temperature of 320 °C is reported. Owing to the low‐substrate temperature, the MOCVD‐grown MoS2 exhibits low impurity doping and nearly unstrained properties on the growth substrate, demonstrating enhanced electronic performance with high electron mobility of 68.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature. In addition, by tuning the precursor ratio, a better understanding of the MoS2 growth process via a geometric model of the MoS2 flake shape, is developed, which can provide further guidance for the synthesis of 2D materials.
Mechanisms of Progression and Heterogeneity in Multiple Nodules of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: He Yayi , Liu Xiaogang , Wang Hao , Wu Liang , Jiang Minlin , Guo Haoyue , Zhu Junjie , Wu Shengyu , Sun Hui , Chen Shanhao , Zhu Yuming , Zhou Caicun , Yang Yang
Published: April 2021

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is thought to be caused by precursor lesions of atypical adenoma‐like hyperplasia and may have extensive in situ growth before infiltration. To explore the relevant factors in heterogeneity and evolution of lung adenocarcinoma subtypes, the authors perform single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) on tumor and normal tissue from five multiple nodules’ LUAD patients and conduct a thorough gene expression profiling of cancer cells and cells in their microenvironment at single‐cell level. This study gives a deep understanding of heterogeneity and evolution in early glandular neoplasia of the lung. This dataset leads to discovery of the changes in the immune microenvironment during the development of LUAD, and the development process from adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) to invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). This work sheds light on the direction of early tumor development and whether they are homologous.
Physicochemical Phenomena of CO2 Injection in Polymetallic Ironmaking
Authors: Song Hanlin , Zhang Jinpeng , Gao Zixian , Cheng Gongjin , Xue Xiangxin
Published: April 2021

Abandoned basic oxygen furnace gas (ABOFG) is a kind of byproduct fuel resource produced in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking process with a high temperature of 1773–1873 K and 20–40% (vol.%) CO and 20–30% (vol.%) CO2 and is usually ignited and discharged as waste gas (34.7% abandoned rate). The effects and physicochemical phenomena of injecting CO2‐containing ABOFG into high‐Cr‐bearing vanadia−titania magnetite ironmaking are investigated. The thermodynamic calculation shows that the ABOFG injection changes the gas partial pressure and the oxygen potential in the slag−coke interfaces and suppresses the titanium carbonitride formation. According to the results of softening−melting−dripping experiments, the content of titanium carbonitride in the high‐titanium slag decreases from 2.53% to 1.14% as the CO2 content in ABOFG increases from 0 to 30%, which is conducive to improving the high‐temperature physicochemical properties of molten slag. The recoveries of vanadium and chromium are also improved with the decrease in iron loss. Moreover, the residual coke still maintains a considerable compressive strength with a slight effect from ABOFG injection, which is expected to reduce carbon consumption.
Fast covariance parameter estimation of spatial Gaussian process models using neural networks
Authors: Gerber Florian , Nychka Douglas
Published: April 2021

Gaussian processes (GPs) are a popular model for spatially referenced data and allow descriptive statements, predictions at new locations, and simulation of new fields. Often, a few parameters are sufficient to parameterize the covariance function, and maximum likelihood (ML) methods can be used to estimate these parameters from data. ML methods, however, are computationally demanding. For example, in the case of local likelihood estimation, even fitting covariance models on modest size windows can overwhelm typical computational resources for data analysis. This limitation motivates the idea of using neural network (NN) methods to approximate ML estimates. We train NNs to take moderate size spatial fields or variograms as input and return the range and noise‐to‐signal covariance parameters. Once trained, the NNs provide estimates with a similar accuracy compared to ML estimation and at a speedup by a factor of 100 or more. Although we focus on a specific covariance estimation problem motivated by a climate science application, this work can be easily extended to other, more complex, spatial problems and provides a proof‐of‐concept for this use of machine learning in computational statistics.
Examination of Teacher Practices on Student Motivation for Reading
Authors: Brandt Lorilynn , Sharp Ann C. , Gardner Douglas S.
Published: April 2021

Teachers who are successful at teaching both the skill and the love of reading provide a foundation for lifetime reading. All too often, building motivation for reading is neglected in reading instruction and classrooms. Nine teachers were trained in seven motivational principles and then invited to make an implementation plan using as many of the motivational principles as they desired. Initially, teachers selected only a few of the principles; however, observation showed teachers adding more of the elements as they witnessed increased enthusiasm among their students. Students demonstrated increased excitement and pleasure for reading by choosing to read more at school and home, asking for opportunities to share what they were reading, and using their free time to read. Teachers reported a renewed enjoyment in teaching reading.
Contextualizing social class and leadership in fraternity and sorority communities
Authors: Bureau Daniel A. , Sasso Pietro A. , Barber James P. , De Freitas Kimberlee Monteaux , Ray Darrell C. , Ryan Helen Grace
Published: April 2021

This chapter examines leadership and social class in the context of fraternities and sororities. With no extensive research in this area, recommendations provided may help educators create a plan to address the intersection of social class, leadership education, and membership in a fraternity or sorority.
Social class considerations in outdoor leadership education
Authors: Gerbers Kellie , Marchand Geneviève
Published: April 2021

This chapter considers outdoor leadership in higher education with specific consideration as to how upper‐ and middle‐class values continue to influence accepted norms and assumptions related to skill development and leadership learning. Suggested approaches to make outdoor programs more class‐conscious and inclusive are provided.
Developing class‐consciousness leadership education in graduate and professional schools
Authors: Nguyen David J. , Rowe Anna‐Kaye C.
Published: April 2021

This chapter will advance understanding on how leadership learning occurs in graduate and professional school contexts and suggests how social class should be considered in the planning, implementation, and outcomes of preparing individuals to lead in their fields of choice.
Bifunctional Sr(II)‐terephthalate compound: gas adsorption and luminescence sensing properties
Authors: Guo Dong , Liang Chih‐Ming , Chiu Kuohsun , Wang Wei‐Kuang
Published: April 2021

A new thermostable Sr(II) compound, formulated as [Sr(bdc)(H2O)(DMF)]n ⋅ x(solvent) (1, H2bdc=terephthalic acid, DMF=N,N’‐dimethylformamide), has been synthesized from the solvothermal reaction of Sr(NO3)2 and H2bdc. The X‐ray structural analysis revealed that compound 1 features a 3D framework based on 1D Sr(II)‐carboxylate chains, and the coordinated and free solvent molecules filled in the 1D channels of 1, which can be easily removed from the 3D framework via heat treatment activation. The obtained solvent‐free samples 1 a not only shows high adsorption capacities of C2H2 and CO2 at 298 K, moderate adsorption selectivity for C2H2/CH4, CO2/CH4, but also can be used as a luminescent probe for the detection of nitroaromatic explosives.
COVID-19 und seine Umwelt: Von einer Geschichte der Humanmedizin zu einer ökologischen Medizingeschichte?
Authors: Diener Leander
Published: April 2021

Dieser Beitrag ist Teil des Forums COVID-19: Perspektiven in den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften. Medizingeschichte wird gegenwärtig mit wenigen Ausnahmen als Geschichte der Humanmedizin geschrieben. COVID-19 und andere zoonotische Infektionskrankheiten legen allerdings nahe, Medizingeschichte grundsätzlich ökologischer zu denken und nicht-menschliche Akteur*innen sowie verschiedene „Umwelten“ miteinzubeziehen. Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert mögliche Ansätze für eine ökologische Medizingeschichte, die der Überlagerung mehrerer Krisen gerecht wird und aktuelle Dringlichkeiten aufgreift.
Multi-trajectory group profiles of well-being and associated predictors among adults experiencing homelessness and mental illness: findings from the At Home/Chez Soi study, Toronto site
Authors: Mejia-Lancheros Cilia , Lachaud James , Aubry Tim , Wiens Kathryn , O’Campo Patricia , Stergiopoulos Vicky , Hwang Stephen W.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

To conduct a multi-dimensional and time-patterned analysis to identify distinct well-being trajectory profiles over a 6-year follow-up period among adults experiencing homelessness and mental illness.

Methods

Data from 543 participants of the At Home Chez Soi study’s Toronto site were examined over a 6-year follow-up period, including measures of quality of life, community functioning, housing stability, and substance use. Well-being trajectories were identified using Group-Based Trajectory Modelling. Multinomial regression was used to identify predictor variables that were associated with each well-being trajectory profile.

Results

Four well-being profiles were identified: low well-being, moderate well-being, good well-being, and high well-being. Factors associated with a greater likelihood of following a better well-being profile included receiving Housing First, reporting female gender and non-white ethnicity, having post-secondary studies, and reporting a high resilience level. Concurrently, factors associated with a lower likelihood of better well-being profiles were having a history of chronic homelessness, experiences of discrimination in the healthcare setting, having comorbid mental disorders and a high level of symptom severity, and reporting a history of traumatic brain injury and childhood adversity.

Conclusions

Individuals experiencing homelessness follow distinct well-being profiles associated with their socio-demographic characteristics, health status, trauma history, resilience capabilities, and access to housing and support services. This work can inform integrated housing and support services to enhance the well-being trajectories of individuals experiencing homelessness.

Trial registration

At Home/Chez Soi trial was registered with ISRCTN, ISRCTN42520374, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN42520374.