bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pacientes y profesionales de la salud colombianos frente al final de la vida
Authors: Diaz-Amado Eduardo , Calvache Jose Andres , De Vries Esther
Published: January 2022

El final de la vida, la muerte y el morir siempre han sido temas de reflexión en diferentes épocas y culturas. En el mundo contemporáneo, estas reflexiones se han transformado de la mano de la tecnología y la atención médica altamente sofisticada. Cada día, más personas mueren en los hospitales, rodeadas de dispositivos de alta tecnología; al mismo tiempo, las personas están más solas y expropiadas de sí mismas que nunca, situaciones exacerbadas por la pandemia Covid-19. Esto ha dado como resultado en el surgimiento de discursos que enfatizan la importancia de brindar la oportunidad de tener un proceso de morir único, personal y trascendental, con la dignidad, solemnidad y respeto que realmente se merece.
PENGARUH INTENSITAS PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN EQ PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Megawati Betti , Syawaluddin Fauzi Ahmad , Siregar Syahputra
Published: January 2022

This study aims to see the effect of PAI intensity in the family with the Emotional Quotient (EQ) of students. The research took place at MTs Negeri 2 Rantauprapat. The research used a survey method. Using regression analysis in measuring the effect of changing existing variables. The number of samples was 140 students. There is a positive relationship between PAI intensity in the family environment and the Emotional Quotient (EQ). It can be seen from the correlation coefficient value, it is known that rxy = 0.427> rt (0.05) = 0.312 then the significant level of rxy = 0.427> rt (0.01) = 0.403 means significant. There is a positive relationship between the intensity of PAI in the family environment with the Emotional Quotient (EQ) of students, through the Freg test, the value is 8.495, then the results are consulted with the table Ft (0.05) = 4.10 and Ft (0.01 ) = 7.35. So that Freg = 8.495> Ft (0.05) = 4.10 then Ft (0.01) = 7.35 so that the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between the intensity of PAI in the family environment with the Emotional Quotient (EQ) Charter is acceptable
Some Ideas of the Phenomenon of Motivation in the Process of Studying English Language
Authors:   Central Asian Innovation University, Kazakhstan, Taukebayeva R.
Published: January 2022

Motivation has long been recognized as one of the driving forces in the process of mastering a foreign language which greatly influences the learning outcomes. This article deals with the defining of types and levels of student’s motivation towards learning the English language. Motivation is the main means which gives the possibility to increase the level of student’s attentiveness in the learning process. And here the important role and task for teacher is to convince students in the significance of learning process tasks. Exactly for students who gain the importance of learning process tasks, it will the result of motivation. In the process of researching the level of student’s interest towards studying the English language, dominant motives (integrative, instrumental) in student’s activity and the challenges the students face were defined here. The analyses of motivation’s problems show that instrumental focus of learning English language predominates on integrative one, and that gives us the possibility to dwell on the fact that the instrumental motivation is a very important motivating factor, which influences on the process of learning English language. In this article on the basis of many scientists’ researches there were considered dominating motives of instrumental motivation: professional, academic, motive of prestige and communicative motives. Listening and reading are the most challenging skills for students. Also this article deals with the methods and ways which increase the students’ motivation of mastering English. Among the main methods of increasing the motivation were allocated as the content of teaching materials and ways of learning activity, which were demonstrated on the author’s practical materials.
Phraseological fragment of the image of the Kazakh , Turkish and English world: national and cultural feature of the concept of “Man”
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan, ABDIMAULEN G. , SHAHIN I. ,   Ege University, Turkey
Published: January 2022

The spiritual core of the article is the study of the concept of ―Man‖ in conjunction with gender issues, which is one of the branches of the conceptual field of the Kazakh, Turkish and English languages. The paremiologically fund of stable expressions and proverbs of the Kazakh, Turkish and English people, which is part of the teaching of linguacultural, characterizes the value of the linguistic means of studying the concept of ―Man‖. They serve as a linguistic tool of interest in identifying the linguistic picture of the world, its valuable content, and cultural stereotypes. They describe the world in linguistic and cultural terms. The main purpose of the article is to study the concept of ―Man‖ through the phraseology and proverbs of the Kazakh, Turkish and English languages, to determine the national and cultural features of the linguistic image of the world. The examples used to make it possible to reconstruct the concept ―Man‖ and to determine the parameters of categorization of concepts in the composition of word combinations expressed in the Kazakh, Turkish and English languages. Popular phraseological phrases and proverbs reveal the image of the national life and knowledge of the Kazakh, Turkish and English people. Their types of multidirectional are analyzed in order to reveal the linguistic picture of the concept ―Man‖. Nomination samples for men are conducted through them. The essence of the selection criterion reveals the linguistic image of the concept ―Man‖.
History of the Study of the Myntobe Necropolis
Authors:   Haji Bayram Veli University of Ankara, Turkey, Shenyurt S.
Published: January 2022

The Keles region is the natural boundary between the nomadic pastoral peoples and the sedentary agricultural peoples of Central Asia. Because in this region, the ancient peoples were sedentary along the full-flowing rivers Kurkeles, Keles, Shyrshyk and Angren, which flow into the Syr Darya River, and the peoples of the north of this region were engaged in nomadic cattle breeding. The past of the region is little studied to this day. For these reasons, a group of Kazakh- Turkish archaeologists intend to jointly explore the Myntobe burial ground, take up the history of its study and systematically introduce it into scientific circulation. During the research work, within the framework of this topic, the identity and area of distribution of the Zhetiasar, Otyrar-Karatau, and Kaunshy cultures of the Kangli tribes that lived in the region are determined. It also provides important information about the archaeological research conducted at the Myntobe burial ground. The chronology of the necropolis burial grounds is determined by a comparative analysis of the exhibits obtained as a result of archaeological excavations. This article is based on the research project of the International Kazakh-Turkish University named after Khoja Ahmed Yasawi on the topic “Excavations of the Myntobe necropolis”, funded by the Plenipotentiary Council.
EXPLORATION OF THE EASTERN GATE AND FORTRESS WALLS OF THE MEDIEVAL CITY OF SYGANAK
Authors:   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Kazakhstan, ZHETIBAYEV K. , SYZDYKOV B. ,   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Kazakhstan, BAKHTYBAYEV M. ,   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Kazakhstan, GURSOY M. ,   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2022

The article, based on medieval historical sources and research conducted on the medieval city of Sygnak, provides a brief overview of the role and significance of the city in the history of the Kazakh nation.One of the major centers on the Great Silk Road, the most important city on the Syr Darya, Sygnak has long been a well-developed culture, economy, crafts and trade, agriculture and cattle breeding.In the XI–XIII centuries it was known as one of the centers of the Kypchak Khanate, in the XIV–XV centuries it was the capital of Ak Orda, and in the XV–XVI centuries it was the capital of the Kazakh Khanate, becoming the political and economic center of the khanate. The defensive system of the medieval city of Sygnak, including the fortified walls with gates, has not been sufficiently studied, therefore, within the framework of this topic, we decided to conduct research work, identify the specifics of the city's defensive system and introduce it into scientific circulation. The article examines the results of archaeological research carried out at the medieval settlement of Syganak, analyzes the architectural features of the eastern gates and fortress walls of the city, manufacturing technology and building materials. In addition, a comparative analysis of the Signak gate with the gates of medieval cities in the region was carried out and additional scientific conclusions were drawn. Based on field data obtained during the excavations, the chronology of the eastern gate and fortress walls was determined.
Evaluatıon of PISA Exam Results by Varıous Countrıes Accordıng to Organızatıon for Economıc Cooperatıon and Development (OECD) Data
Authors:   Karpas Mediterranean Univesity, Debesh G.
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study is to examine the reading skills, math literacy and science literacy data of four different countries (Brazil, Bulgaria, Mexico and Turkey) determined within the scope of the research using the 2018 data of students in the International Student Evaluation Program (PISA). In addition, the average reading skills of Turkey (PISA) between 2012, 2015 and 2018 differ by year; Turkey (PISA) 2018 reading skills average is intended to examine the differences in the number of books found in students’ homes and their reading preferences. The difference in the 2018 PISA program reading skills, math literacy and science literacy score averages of the countries determined within the scope of the research from the average of the participating countries was examined by T Test. Then the 2018 PISA program of 4 different countries tested their reading skills, math literacy and science literacy averages with a one-way ANOVA. Then, a one-way ANOVA was made to determine whether there was a significant difference between Turkey's reading skills score averages in 2012, 2015 and 2018. After these procedures, in the last part of the study, a one-way ANOVA analysis was conducted to determine whether the average reading skills score in Turkey in the 2018 PISA program significantly differed according to the number of books in the students’ homes and their reading preferences. According to the results of the study, Brazil, Bulgaria, Mexico and Turkey have a score below the PISA average in reading skills, math literacy and science literacy when the PISA averages are examined in 2018. According to the results of the analysis, there was a significant increase and improvement in the average PISA reading skills scores in Turkey compared to 2012, 2015, 2018. In addition, it was observed that the difference between the average PISA reading skills in Turkey 2018 differed according to the number of books found in students’ homes and the preferences of students for reading books.
Thinkers of the Past on the Cognitive Essence of the Heroic Epic
Authors:   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Kazakhstan, Kongyratbay Т. , Kongyratbay К. ,   Abay Kazakh national pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the opinions of thinkers of the past about the forms of artistic and historical thinking. This problem is considered in close connection with the definition of the cognitive essence of the heroic epic. Folklore studies of the twentieth century, fascinated by the artistic and poetic structure of the epic, did not deal much with historical and ethnic features. The problem rested on the correlation between the scientific postulates of the former historical school and the methodological guidelines of the comparative typological method in folklore studies. Folklore researchers have addressed this problem before. However, the study of the heroic epic in the framework of literary and poetic analysis did not lead to significant results. Almost half a century of folklore history is characterized by trampling on the same level of scientific knowledge. The article notes that the heroic epic is an empirical source from which you can draw very valuable information of a cognitive nature. It is subjected to an analytical study of the thoughts and judgments of ancient encyclopedic scientists about the primacy of matter and the secondary nature of ideas. A certain place is given to the conclusions of the Russian thinkers of the XIX century, who unanimously repeated the primacy of matter. The research that ignores the historical principle of research in folklore studies is subjected to an analytical review. Based on the above, it is concluded that the main value of the heroic epic is not only in the artistic and poetic system, in historicism, but also in the informative and cognitive essence.
Musical Heritage of the Kazakh People: a Historiographic Analysis
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Sabdenova G.
Published: January 2022

Historiographical analysis, that is, the study and evaluation of the musical heritage of the Kazakh people, is not only one of the basic elements of historical knowledge, but also an important section in Russian cultural studies, art history. Literally every piece of music has its own history of formation, its own language, poetics and other features. Each of them is an important historical source that describes the spiritual, social and material life of the Kazakh people.Musical culture has its own origins of formation, which reflect different events, phenomena and historical processes in the life of the Kazakh people. The origins of this phenomenon go back to ancient times. During the period of consolidation of the Kazakh people, the musical culture became unified and monotonous, but with bright, versatile patterns, depending on the regions and historical and cultural landscapes. Such a peculiar tradition has survived to the present time. In the era of tsarist Russia, the study of musical culture began. During the Soviet period, the works of the oppressed people were mainly studied, which was dictated by the Marxist-Leninist ideas of the class struggle. During the period of independence, unique samples of Kazakh musical creativity became part of the world culture, thus proving the possibility of coexistence of folk heritage in the era of globalization along with other values. Research works in this area are becoming more numerous every year, they require a historiographical review and show the need to systematize scientific research.
The Role of a Part of Speech in the System of Toponym Formation
Authors:   Professor of the Kazakh University of Technology and Business, Kazakhstan, Bugibayeva Zh.
Published: January 2022

Each place name has its own history. The name of a mountain or any other object of the environment, whether it is a small spring, a piece of land, a water area or even a desert, is of great importance and contains an unsolved mystery. The article is devoted to the issue of the formation of toponyms as a valuable cultural heritage, which, being a kind of" language of the earth", often provide more for solving the problems of historical phenomena than the monuments of material culture, the evidence of ancient and medieval authors. The study of the historical, geographical and linguistic meaning of a place name allows you to get acquainted with the life of the people living in this area. Each geographical name is historical, and its meaning is extensive. They deal with different information depending on the phenomena and changes of time: different wars, folk customs, traditions, relations between peoples and a rich historical past. The appellatives that are part of toponyms determine the natural features of the object (terrain, plants, soil, etc.), and there are also names made up of ethnonyms and antrotoponyms. The names in this group fully convey the ethnogenesis of the region. Geo objects on earth are also named for their distinctive features, qualitative, and quantitative properties. What matters to us is what parts of speech are used when creating these names. The article discusses the most common toponyms, which are created using nouns, and also provides their structural models. Nouns and adjectives play a more active role in toponymy than other parts of speech. Nouns actively participate in the formation of toponyms, forming new words. In this regard, the composition of toponyms is also diverse. Toponymic names contain word-forming suffixes, all types of words in various ways. Derived suffixes in the formation of toponymic names and their activity are also considered.
Analisis Kualitas Fisik Lingkungan Kerja dengan Keluhan Gangguan Kesehatan pada Petugas Rekam Medis
Authors: Diniah Bibit Nasrokhatun , Marsanti Avicena Sakufa , Herra La’ali’ Kirana Dzakyya Salma
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui Kualitas Fisik Lingkungan Kerja dengan keluhan gangguan kesehatan petugas rekam medis bagian penyimpanan di UPTD Puskesmas Banjarejo Kota Madiun. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan kuisioner. Populasi dan Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh petugas rekam medis dan ruang penyimpanan rekam medis di UPTD Puskesmas Banjarejo Kota Madiun. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa suhu udara dalam ruangan 31,2˚C, Pencahayaan 230 lux, adanya debu di ruang penyimpanan rekam medis, ventilasi kurang dari 15% dan adanya keluhan gangguan kesehatan pada petugas rekam medis. Perlu adanya perbaikan secara fisik ruangan untuk mencegah munculnya Sick Building Syndrome pada petugas rekam medis serta memberikan penyuluhan tentang pentingnya menjaga kualitas fisik lingkungan di tempat kerja.
Hagyományos iparág új köntösben : Molnár Ernő: A félperiféria ipara és a globális termelési hálózatok. A bőrfeldolgozó ipar átalakulása Magyarországon (Didakt Kiadó, 2021, Debrecen, 302 oldal)
Authors: Sass Magdolna , Szalavetz Andrea
Published: January 2022

A magyarországi bőrfeldolgozó ipar átalakulását elemző könyv jelen ismertetője három jellemzőt emel ki. 1. Feljebb lépési eredményeik ellenére az iparági szereplők továbbra is leginkább a gyártásra szakosodnak, ami csupán a túléléshez elegendő. 2. A könyv megismertet a félperiféria fogalmával, és elemzi, hogy e köztes állapotból Magyarország számára miért csupán lefelé nyitott a pálya. 3. Az elemzés a globális értékláncok elméletét és az ipar térbeliségét tárgyaló földrajzi szemléletet integrálja: esettanulmányokkal világítja meg, miként alakultak ki ennek a könnyűipari fogyasztási cikkek gyártójából fokozatosan autóipari beszállítóvá váló iparágnak a sajátos térbeli mintázatai.
COVID-19 y su impacto en el medio ambiente
Authors: Atencio Vargas Arcadio
Published: January 2022

Editorial
Corruption as a problem for sustainable human development in the twenty-first century
Authors: Прокопович Г.А.
Published: January 2022

В статье исследуются вопросы противодействия коррупции в ракурсе реализации целей устойчивого развития; проводится анализ недостатков законодательства о противодействии коррупции; вносятся предложения по его усовершенствованию.

The article explores anti-corruption issues in terms of achieving sustainable development goals; analysis of shortcomings of the anti-corruption law; proposals for its improvement is being made.
Уголовно-правовое воздействие и уголовная ответственность
Authors: Гареев М.Ф.
Published: January 2022

В данной статье рассматривается проблема дифференциации мер уголовно-правового воздействия. Предлагается разграничить меры уголовноправового воздействия на меры, связанные с реализацией уголовной ответственности, включая наказание и иные меры уголовно-правового характера, а также меры уголовно-правового характера, посредством которых она не реализуется. Раскрывается сущность и определение уголовной ответственности, ее место в системе мер уголовно-правового воздействия. Так как уголовная ответственность включает в себя наказание и иные меры уголовно-правового характера, то с учетом законодательно закрепленных норм и институтов уголовного законодательства и различных доктринальных подходов предлагается авторский вариант определения уголовной ответственности. Предлагается авторский вариант содержания ч. 2 ст. 2 УК РФ, где дополняются иные меры уголовно-правового воздействия, посредством которых не реализуется уголовная ответственность

This article examines the problem of differentiation of measures of criminal law impact. It is proposed to distinguish between measures of criminal law impact on measures related to the implementation of criminal liability, including punishment and other measures of a criminal law nature, as well as measures of a criminal law nature, through which it is not implemented. The essence and definition of criminal responsibility, its place in the system of measures of criminal-legal influence are revealed. Since criminal liability includes punishment and other measures of a criminal-legal nature, then, taking into account the legislatively enshrined norms and institutions of criminal legislation and various doctrinal approaches, the author's version of the definition of criminal liability is proposed. The author's version of the content of Part 2 of Art. 2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, where other measures of criminal law are added, through which criminal liability is not implemented.
THE PRACTICE OF LEGAL REGULATION: ACTUALIZATION AND CATEGORIZATION OF GENERAL THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Валиев Р.Г.
Published: January 2022

Исследование посвящено актуализации теоретико-правового статуса практики правового регулирования. В порядке развития доктринального восприятия юридической и правовой практики изложены гносеологические основы практики правового регулирования. В контексте дуалистической диалектики раскрыта двойственная структура, определено понятие, дана сущностная и содержательная характеристика и установлен статус практики правового регулирования в общей теории права. Сформулирован вывод, что категоризация практики правового регулирования обусловливает представление о ее интегративной сущности, способной выражать собой весь спектр эмпирических проявлений регулирующего начала юридической и правовой практики.

The study is devoted to the actualization of the theoretical and legal status of the practice of legal regulation. In order to develop the doctrinal perception of legal and legal practice, the epistemological foundations of the practice of legal regulation are described. In the context of dualistic dialectics, the dual structure is revealed, the concept is defined, the essential and meaningful characteristics are given, and the status of the practice of legal regulation in the general theory of law is established. The conclusion is formulated that the categorization of the practice of legal regulation determines the idea of its integrative essence, which can express the whole range of empirical manifestations of the regulatory principle of legal and legal practice.
HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVITIES AT THE CONTEMPORARY STAGE: CONCEPT AND MEANING
Authors: Дроздова А.М.
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена основным проблемам, связанным с пониманием процесса формирования правозащитных механизмов в мире и России и правозащитной деятельности как такой. Отдельно затронуты вопросы структуры механизма реализации и защиты прав человека на основе принципов равенства прав людей, концепции о защите нарушенных прав, идей о социальном статусе личности в обществе. Анализу подвергается понимание сущности деятельности правозащитников и классификации правозащитников на основе реализации принципа справедливости в процессе защиты нарушенных прав и противостояния несправедливости; полученное образование и изначальная профессия значения не имеют, все строится на велении совести. Рассматривается современное состояние правозащитной деятельности и обосновывается ее необходимость для оздоровления общества, для уверенности граждан в защите своих нарушенных прав и борьбы с произволом.

The article is devoted to the main problems associated with understanding the process of formation of human rights mechanisms in the world and in Russia and human rights activities as such. The issues of the structure of the mechanism for the implementation and protection of human rights on the basis of the principles of equality of human rights, the concept of protecting violated rights, ideas about the social status of an individual in society are separately touched upon. The analysis examines the understanding of the essence of the activities of human rights defenders and the classification of human rights defenders based on the implementation of the principle of justice in the process of protecting violated rights and countering injustice; the education received and the original profession do not matter, everything is based on the dictates of conscience. The current state of human rights activity is considered and its necessity is substantiated for the improvement of society, for the confidence of citizens in the protection of their violated rights and the fight against arbitrariness.
STATUS OF PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION – FEDERAL GOVERNMENT BODY
Authors: Корякин И.И.
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматривается правовой статус прокуратуры Российской Федерации, как государственного органа. Характеризуются понятие и признаки, принципы и механизмы ее формирования, основное статусное положение и полномочия, правовое регулирование деятельности прокуратуры Российской Федерации.

The paper explores the legal status of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation as a government body. The concept and features, principles and mechanisms for its formation, the main status provision and authority, legal regulation of the activities of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation are described and characterized.

The paper explores the legal status of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation as a government body. The concept and features, principles and mechanisms for its formation, the main status provision and authority, legal regulation of the activities of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation are described and characterized
IMPROVING THE MECHANISM FOR CORRECTING JUDICIAL ERRORS IDENTIFIED BY THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Мамитова Н.В. , Полищук Д.А. , Мамитова Н.В.
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматриваются вопросы пересмотра судебных постановлений, вступивших в законную силу, по новым обстоятельствам на основании постановлений Европейского Суда по правам человека, которыми выявлены судебные ошибки национальных судов Российской Федерации. Автор предлагает введение на законодательном уровне нового механизма пересмотра судебных постановлений российских судов, который будет гарантировать право граждан на справедливое судебное разбирательство, путем пересмотра решений национальных судов, содержащих идентичные судебные ошибки.

The article deals with the issues of revision of court decisions that have entered into legal force under new circumstances on the basis of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, which revealed judicial errors of the national courts of the Russian Federation. The author suggests the introduction at the legislative level of a new mechanism for reviewing judicial decisions of Russian courts, which will guarantee the right of citizens to a fair trial, by reviewing the decisions of national courts containing identical judicial errors.
FAMILY AS A FACTOR IN COUNTERACTING THE VICTIMIZATION OF MINORS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Сергеева А.Ю.
Published: January 2022

В современном обществе семья как один из важнейших институтов нравственно-правовой социализации личности все более активно выполняет роль фактора противодействия виктимизации несовершеннолетних. Вместе с тем кризис семьи и семейных отношений может, напротив, иметь следствием усиление негативных процессов и сам служить источником криминальной опасности для несовершеннолетних. В связи с этим автор вносит ряд предложений по совершенствованию системы профилактики виктимизации и перспективам девиктимизации несовершеннолетних.

In modern society, the family, as one of the most important institutions of socialization of the individual, is increasingly playing the role of a factor in countering the victimization of minors. At the same time, the crisis of the family and family relations may, on the contrary, result in an increase in negative processes and itself serve as a source of criminal danger for minors. In this regard, the author makes a number of proposals to improve the victimization prevention system and the prospects for the devictimization of minors.
Costo económico de la impunidad
Authors: Arceo-Gómez Eva O.
Published: January 2022

El objetivo de este documento es hacer una estimación educada del costo económico de la impunidad en México, específicamente, aquella relacionada con homicidios, desapariciones y desplazamientos forzados durante la Guerra contra el Narco. La estimación fue realizada en tres etapas. Primero, se llevó a cabo una amplia revisión de la literatura sobre los costos de la violencia criminal relacionada con la Guerra contra el Narco, y sobre la relación entre calidad institucional, impunidad y legitimidad de las instituciones en homicidios. En una segunda etapa, se estimaron los costos económicos de las pérdidas de vidas mediante una imputación del flujo salarial no realizado de las víctimas. Finalmente, se estimó el costo económico de la impunidad en México con base en las etapas anteriores. Los resultados muestran que para 2030, si no se perpetra ni un asesinato más, se habrán perdido $1.8 billones de pesos en comparación con una senda de crecimiento sin asesinatos ni desaparecidos, mientras que para 2050 el costo ascendería a $8.7 billones de pesos.
La concentración espacial de los reportes de disparos al 911 en la Ciudad de México: ¿Comportamiento racional en el uso de armas durante la pandemia Covid-19?
Authors: Garcia-Tejeda Enrique
Published: January 2022

Los estudios del crimen durante la pandemia analizan el impacto de las medidas de confinamiento y distanciamiento social sobre los índices delictivos en varias ciudades alrededor del mundo, incluyendo México. Las investigaciones revelan reducciones significativas en el volumen y la distribución de la frecuencia de delitos, pero los resultados difieren por tipo de delito y ciudad analizada. No obstante, son escasos los estudios sobre el impacto de la pandemia en los patrones espaciales delictivos. Con nueva información de las llamadas al 911 en la Ciudad de México, esta investigación analiza los reportes de disparos con estimadores locales de concentración espacial. Los resultados muestran patrones diferenciados por colonias y una persistente concentración espacial en la zona oriente de la ciudad. En contraste con la disminución de delitos relacionados con armas de fuego, este hallazgo sugiere que las armas se utilizan en algunas zonas en actividades distintas a los delitos asociados a comportamientos racionales.
Kaufland enteilt dem Wettbewerb
Authors: Stockburger Manfred
Published: January 2022

Kaufland wächst im zweiten Jahr in Folge zweistellig. Zumindest beim Umsatz geht die Rechnung der Schwarz-Gruppe auf.
Steinmetz wechselt zu Edeka Hessenring
Authors: Mende Jan
Published: January 2022

Martin Steinmetz wechselt die Edeka-Region: Der ehemalige Geschäftsführer von Edeka Nord ist nun Projektleiter im Bereich Logistik bei Edeka Hessenring.
Getir hat Lücken im Sortiment
Authors: Queck Matthias , Klug Denise
Published: January 2022

Getir will frisches Geld einsammeln. In Deutschland hat der türkische Schnell-Lieferdienst sein Netzwerk ausgebaut. Am Angebot muss er noch feilen.
Kartellamt lässt Nachhaltigkeit zu
Authors: Bender Hanno
Published: January 2022

Das Bundeskartellamt billigt zwei Nachhaltigkeitsinitiativen aus der Lebensmittelbranche. Die Vereinbarkeit von Kooperationen zu Nachhaltigkeitszielen mit dem Kartellrecht ist ein Politikum.
Push für Pilze
Authors: Krost Heidrun , Will Birgit
Published: January 2022

Veggie, regional und bio – Verbraucher greifen immer öfter nach frischen Pilzen. Edel-Pilze wie Kräuterseitlinge oder auch Shiitake sorgen dabei für Vielfalt in der Frischeabteilung. Birgit Will
Klarheit, Transparenz und Flexibilität gefragt
Authors: Rück Daniela
Published: January 2022

Kontrolle, Spaß und Ethik-Check sind die Kerntrends, die die globalen Verbrauchermärkte nachhaltig auf den Kopf stellen werden. Das behaupten die Mintel-Marktforscher in ihrem „Report 2022“.
„Gutes Arbeitsklima spricht sich rum“
Authors: Wittenhagen Julia
Published: January 2022

Wie man mehr Mitarbeiterinnen für die IT-Abteilung gewinnt, kann Benjamin Beinroth eigentlich nicht beantworten. Seiner Beobachtung nach kommen Frauen dann, wenn die Arbeitsatmosphäre stimmt. Und dafür hat er viel getan.
Schulterschluss von Lemke und Özdemir
Authors: Schirmacher Henrike , Mönch Axel
Published: January 2022

Bundesumweltministerin Steffi Lemke und Landwirtschaftsminister Cem Özdemir haben ihre agrarpolitische Agenda vorgestellt. Beide wollen beim Moorschutz und der Reduktion von Pestiziden sowie der Verknüpfung von EU-Fördergeldern mit ökologischen Leistungen vorankommen. Landwirte fordern Perspektiven statt Strukturbrüche.
Launching to an orbit with a chemical propellant staged rocket systems
Authors: İNGER Erk
Published: January 2022

There is one way to explore space by using the space launch vehicles, which is known as rockets, and it can carry useful load named simply as payload of satelite from Earth into Space. In this study, performance predictions of the multi rocket motors are discussed and compared with single rocket motor with the same amount of propellant used for space travel.
In this article in serial or tandem staging schemes, the boosting stage is usually the largest, the second stage and subsequent upper stages are above it, usually decreasing in size are used. In boosting stage parallel staging schemes solid or liquid rocket boosters are used to assist with launch. At low level starting to high altitude higher density fuel solid fuels, kerogen and cryogenic hydrogen(-250°C) are used as fuel. In solid propellants oxidizer is generally ammonium per chloride is used but in cryogenic liquid propellants oxygen(183.3°C) are used.
In the first stage, both liquid propellant in a booster and five solid rocket propellent are used to reach about a certain altitude and velocity. In second stage, after reducing the weight by ejecting the five solid rocket propellent and only liquid propellant is used only to reach the an extra altitudes and velocities at low earth orbit (LEO). Drag and gravity effects are successfully used in all of the calculations.
The added total result of velocities and altidudes found by these staged rockets are higher than the first single staged case. The advantage of multistage rockets, having same amount of propellant in staged rockets where total velocity will be increased by separating and removing waste from the system weight out of the system. Use of staged rocket system are usefull for increasing the amount of payload and decreasing the cost per unit weight as well.
Mass Killings Implemented by the Kemalists in Pambak Area (Shirak province) according to the Family Memories of Eyewitness-Survivors (1920 - 1921)
Authors:   Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute Foundation, Hakhoyan Vazgen
Published: January 2022

In 1920, the operations of Kemalist troops in the Pambak area until the outlined “neutral zone” of the Turkish-Armenian troops were true genocidal action, similar to the genocide implemented by Young Turks in the Western Armenia. Not only had the local residents fell victim to the Turkish sword, but also thousands of exiled from Kars province and refugees from Shirak. The article is largely based on the reproduction of the memories of eyewitnesses and their descendants. Ethnographic research, collection of oral accounts, land clearing works and observations, as well as archival studies have been carried out. The studies demonstrate the process of actions, the forms of organizing the massacres and the pursued goals of the genocidal acts of the Kemalists against the peaceful Armenian population.
A novel technique for surgical excision of a symptomatic lumbar spine facet joint synovial cyst using a cyst dyeing method: a report of two cases and a literature review
Authors: Moon Ji Soo , Kang Min Soo , Lee Sang Ho , Park Chan Hong
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a cyst dyeing technique that was used during the surgical excision of facet joint cysts in 2 cases. We evaluated the patients’ clinical outcomes and perioperative complications after decompression of lumbar spinal stenosis caused by the cysts. Two patients, who underwent surgical decompression for symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis caused by facet cysts in August and October 2020, were reviewed. Their main complaints were severe low back pain and sciatica 1 or 2 months ago, for which they visited Wooridul Spine Hospital, Daegu, Korea. Under general anesthesia, the cysts were removed with the cyst dyeing method, using indigo carmine. Clinical outcomes were assessed by preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Perioperative complications were observed.Favorable clinical outcomes and no perioperative complications were reported. Low back pain and sciatica improved, as shown by changes of the VAS score from 9 or 8 to 1, and no dural defects were observed. The cyst dyeing method is an effective technique for the surgical removal of symptomatic lumbar spine facet joint cysts.
The impact of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) sinks on age of air climatologies and trends
Authors: Loeffel Sheena , Eichinger Roland , Garny Hella , Reddmann Thomas , Fritsch Frauke , Versick Stefan , Stiller Gabriele , Haenel Florian
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Mean age of air (AoA) is a common diagnostic for the strength of the stratospheric overturning circulation in both climate models and
observations. AoA climatologies and AoA trends over the recent decades of model simulations and proxies derived from observations of long-lived
tracers do not agree. Satellite observations show much older air than climate models, and while most models compute a clear decrease in AoA over the
last decades, a 30-year time series from measurements shows a statistically nonsignificant positive trend in the Northern Hemisphere extratropical middle
stratosphere. Measurement-based AoA derivations are often founded on observations of the trace gas sulfur
hexafluoride (SF6), a fairly long-lived gas with a
near-linear increase in emissions during recent decades. However, SF6 has chemical sinks in the mesosphere that are not considered
in most model studies. In this study, we explicitly compute the chemical SF6 sinks based on chemical processes in the global
chemistry climate model EMAC (ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry). We show that good agreement between stratospheric AoA in EMAC and MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) is reached through the inclusion of chemical
SF6 sinks, as these sinks lead to a strong increase in the stratospheric AoA and, therefore, to a better agreement with MIPAS satellite
observations. Remaining larger differences at high latitudes are addressed, and possible reasons for these differences are discussed. Subsequently, we demonstrate that
the AoA trends are also strongly influenced by the chemical SF6 sinks. Under consideration of the SF6 sinks, the AoA trends over
the recent decades reverse sign from negative to positive. We conduct sensitivity simulations which reveal that this sign reversal does not result
from trends in the stratospheric circulation strength nor from changes in the strength of the SF6 sinks. We illustrate that even a
constant SF6 destruction rate causes a positive trend in the derived AoA, as the amount of depleted SF6 scales with
increasing SF6 abundance itself. In our simulations, this effect overcompensates for the impact of the accelerating stratospheric circulation
which naturally decreases AoA. Although various sources of uncertainties cannot be quantified in detail in this study, our results suggest that the
inclusion of SF6 depletion in models has the potential to reconcile the AoA trends of models and observations. We conclude the study with
a first approach towards a correction to account for SF6 loss and deduce that a linear correction might be applicable to values of AoA of
up to 4 years.
Dissolution of a submarine carbonate platform by a submerged lake of acidic seawater
Authors: Humphreys Matthew P. , Meesters Erik H. , de Haas Henk , Karancz Szabina , Delaigue Louise , Bakker Karel , Duineveld Gerard , de Goeyse Siham , Haas Andreas F. , Mienis Furu , Ossebaar Sharyn , van Duyl Fleur C.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Submarine sinkholes are found on carbonate platforms around the world. They are thought to form and grow when groundwater interactions generate
conditions corrosive to carbonate minerals. Because their morphology can restrict mixing and water exchange, the effects of biogeochemical processes
can accumulate such that the sinkhole water properties considerably diverge from the surrounding ocean. Studies of sinkhole waters can therefore
reveal new insights into marine biogeochemical cycles; thus sinkholes can be considered “natural laboratories” where the response of marine
ecosystems to environmental variations can be investigated. We conducted the first measurements in recently discovered sinkholes on Luymes Bank,
part of Saba Bank in the Caribbean Netherlands. Our measurements revealed a plume of gas bubbles rising from the seafloor in one of the sinkholes,
which contained a constrained body of dense, low-oxygen ([O2] = 60.2 ± 2.6 µmol kg−1), acidic
(pHT = 6.24 ± 0.01) seawater that we term the “acid lake”. Here, we investigate the physical and biogeochemical processes that
gave rise to and sustain the acid lake, the chemistry of which is dominated by the bubble plume. We determine the provenance and fate of the acid
lake's waters, which we deduce must be continuously flowing through. We show that the acid lake is actively dissolving the carbonate platform, so
the bubble plume may provide a novel mechanism for submarine sinkhole formation and growth. It is likely that the bubble plume is ephemeral and that
other currently non-acidic sinkholes on Luymes Bank have previously experienced acid lake phases. Conditions within the acid lake were too
extreme to represent future marine environmental responses to anthropogenic CO2 emissions on human timescales but may reflect the impact
of proposed schemes to mitigate climate change by the deliberate addition of CO2 and/or alkalinity to seawater. Other Luymes Bank
sinkholes did host conditions analogous to projections for the end of the 21st century and could provide a venue for studies on the impacts of
anthropogenic CO2 uptake by the ocean.
Ideas and perspectives: Emerging contours of a dynamic exogenous kerogen cycle
Authors: Blattmann Thomas M.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Growing evidence points to the dynamic role that kerogen is playing on Earth's surface in controlling atmospheric chemistry over geologic
time. Although quantitative constraints on the weathering of kerogen remain loose, its changing weathering behavior modulated by the activity of
glaciers suggests that this largest pool of reduced carbon on Earth may have played a key part in atmospheric CO2 variability across
recent glacial–interglacial cycles and beyond. This work enunciates the possibility of kerogen oxidation as a major driver of atmospheric
CO2 increase in the wake of glacial episodes. This hypothesis of centennial- and millennial-timescale relevance for this chemical
weathering pathway is substantiated by several lines of independent evidence synthesized in this contribution, including the timing of atmospheric
CO2 increase, atmospheric CO2 isotope composition (13C and 14C), kerogen oxidation kinetics, observations of
kerogen reburial, and modeling results. The author hypothesizes that the deglaciation of kerogen-rich lithologies in western Canada contributed to
the characteristic deglacial increase in atmospheric CO2, which reached an inflection point ≤ 300 years after the Laurentide Ice
Sheet retreated into the kerogen-poor Canadian Shield. To reconcile the release of isotopically light carbon via kerogen oxidation with Earth
surface carbon pool constraints, major oceanic degassing and biospheric regrowth must have acted in concert across glacial–interglacial
transitions. Additionally, a process such as a strong shift in the ratio of C3 to C4-derived organic matter must be invoked to maintain
isotope mass balance, a point key for reconciling the hypothesis with the carbon isotope record of marine dissolved inorganic carbon. In order to
test this hypothesis, quantitative constraints on the contribution of kerogen oxidation to CO2 rise at glacial terminations are needed
through systematic studies on (1) CO2 fluxes emanating from the weathering of different lithologies, (2) oxidation kinetics of kerogen
along glacial chronosequences, and (3) high-resolution temporal changes in the aerial extent of glacially exposed lithological units and glacial
flour.
Sensitivity of land–atmosphere coupling strength to changing atmospheric temperature and moisture over Europe
Authors: Jach Lisa , Schwitalla Thomas , Branch Oliver , Warrach-Sagi Kirsten , Wulfmeyer Volker
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The quantification of land–atmosphere coupling strength is still challenging, particularly in the atmospheric segment of the local coupling process chain. This is in part caused by a lack of spatially comprehensive observations of atmospheric temperature and specific humidity which form the verification basis for the common process-based coupling metrics. In this study, we aim at investigating where uncertainty in the atmospheric temperature and moisture affects the land–atmosphere coupling strength over Europe, and how changes in the mean temperature and moisture, as well as their vertical gradients, influence the coupling. For this purpose, we implemented systematic a posteriori modifications to the temperature and moisture fields from a regional climate simulation to create a spread in the atmospheric conditions. Afterwards, the process-based coupling metric convective triggering potential – low-level humidity index framework was applied to each modification case. Comparing all modification cases to the unmodified control case revealed
that a strong coupling hotspot region in northeastern Europe was insensitive to temperature and moisture changes, although the number of
potential coupling days varied by up to 20 d per summer season. The
predominance of positive feedbacks remained unchanged in the northern part
of the hotspot, and none of the modifications changed the frequent inhibition of feedbacks due to dry conditions in the atmosphere over the Mediterranean and the Iberian Peninsula. However, in the southern hotspot region in the north of the Black Sea, the dominant coupling class frequently switched between wet soil advantage and transition zone. Thus, both the coupling strength and the predominant sign of feedbacks were sensitive to changes in temperature and moisture in this region. This implies not only uncertainty in the quantification of land–atmosphere coupling strength but also the potential that climate-change-induced temperature and moisture changes considerably impact the climate there, because they also change the predominant atmospheric response to land surface wetness.