bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Locating Imagination: An Interdisciplinary Perspective on Literary, Film, and Music Tourism
Authors: Reijnders Stijn , Bolderman Leonieke , Van Es Nicky , Waysdorf Abby
Published: August 2015

This research note introduces the design of a recently launched research project at the Erasmus University Rotterdam. The topic of this new research project is media tourism, the phenomenon of people traveling to places because of an association with a film, television series, novel,
song, or other media product. Recently significant growth has been detected in this form of tourism, with far-reaching consequences for the locations concerned. The aim of this project is to discover why and under what circumstances popular media products give rise to new tourism flows, and
which variations can be found based on the specific characteristics of the medium, the tourist, and the location involved. Media tourism has received a growing amount of attention from scholars in various academic disciplines. However, the existing knowledge about this phenomenon is still
highly fragmented. This project aims to be the first in which interdisciplinary research will be conducted, involving an analysis and comparison of literary, cinematic, and musical examples of media tourism. By investigating commonalities and differences, we intend to highlight how literature,
film, and music, each in their own way, stimulate the geographical imagination and literally "move" their audiences. The research is based on a combination of qualitative content analysis, ethnographic fieldwork, and experimental methods.
Stepwise evolution of corolla symmetry in CYCLOIDEA2‐like and RADIALIS‐like gene expression patterns in Lamiales
Authors: Zhong Jinshun , Kellogg Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2015

• Premise of the study: CYCLOIDEA2 (CYC2)‐like and RADIALIS (RAD)‐like genes are needed for the normal development of corolla bilateral symmetry in Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon, Plantaginaceae, Lamiales). However, if and how changes in expression of CYC2‐like and RAD‐like genes correlate with the origin of corolla bilateral symmetry early in Lamiales remains largely unknown. The asymmetrical expression of CYC2‐like and/or RAD‐like genes during floral meristem development could be ancestral or derived in Plantaginaceae.

• Methods: We used in situ RNA localization to examine the expression of CYC2‐like and RAD‐like genes in two early‐diverging Lamiales.

• Key results: CYC2‐like and RAD‐like genes are expressed broadly in the floral meristems in early‐diverging Lamiales with radially symmetrical corollas, in contrast to their restricted expression in adaxial/lateral regions in core Lamiales. The expression pattern of CYC2‐like genes has evolved in stepwise fashion, in that CYC2‐like genes are likely expressed briefly in the floral meristem during flower development in sampled Oleaceae; prolonged expression of CYC2‐like genes in petals originated in the common ancestor of Tetrachondraceae and core Lamiales, and asymmetrical expression in adaxial/lateral petals appeared later, in the common ancestor of the core Lamiales. Likewise, expression of RAD‐like genes in petals appeared in early‐diverging Lamiales or earlier; asymmetrical expression in adaxial/lateral petals then appeared in core Lamiales.

• Conclusions: These data plus published reports of CYC2‐like and RAD‐like genes show that asymmetrical expression of these two genes is likely derived and correlates with the origins of corolla bilateral symmetry.
Brief Bedside Refresher Training to Practice Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Skills in the Ambulatory Surgery Center Setting
Authors: Kemery Stephanie , Kelly Kelley , Wilson Connie , Wheeler Corrine A.
Published: August 2015

Cardiac arrest can occur in any health care setting at any time, requiring nursing staff to be prepared to quickly and adequately perform basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Currently, the American Heart Association certifies health care providers in Basic Life Support (BLS) for a 2-year period, but evidence indicates that psychomotor skills decline well before the end of the certification time frame. Nurses in the ambulatory surgery setting expressed concern regarding their ability to implement CPR successfully, given the infrequent occurrence of cardiac and respiratory arrests. Using a study by Niles et al. as a model, the authors piloted the implementation of brief CPR refresher training at the bedside of an ambulatory surgery center to assess and increase nurse confidence in BLS skills.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2015;46(8):370–376.
Surgical Outcomes for Persistent Macular Hole After Ocriplasmin
Authors: Lee Gregory D. , Taney Lauren S. , Rogers Adam H. , Shah Chirag P. , Duker Jay S. , Baumal Caroline R.
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To report surgical and visual acuity outcomes in eyes with unresolved full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) after treatment with ocriplasmin who subsequently underwent vitrectomy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective case series of four eyes. Vision and anatomy via optical coherence tomography (OCT) were assessed before and after intravitreal ocriplasmin as well as 6 months after subsequent vitrectomy.

RESULTS:

Initial visual acuity ranged from 20/70 to 20/200. OCT showed focal vitreomacular traction (VMT) with FTMH ranging from 136 to 311 µm in diameter. Following ocriplasmin, VMT released in all four eyes without closure of the FTMH. All FTMHs enlarged over follow-up after ocriplasmin (mean increase 133 µm). Subsequent vitrectomy led to anatomic FTMH closure in all eyes. Final vision improved in all eyes (20/30 to 20/70).

CONCLUSION:

Initial ocriplasmin treatment of FTMH in this series of patients did not reduce the effectiveness of vitrectomy, which was required for definitive FTMH repair.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:732–736.]
Wyburn-Mason Syndrome Associated With Cutaneous Reactive Angiomatosis and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Callahan Alison B. , Skondra Dimitra , Krzystolik Magdalena , Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Eliott Dean
Published: August 2015

Retinal venous occlusive events are a rare complication of arteriovenous malformations of the retina found in Wyburn-Mason syndrome. The authors present a case of a 28-year-old man diagnosed with Wyburn-Mason syndrome and cutaneous reactive angiomatosis, a reactive angioproliferative disorder induced by vascular occlusion. He developed a central retinal vein occlusion complicated by macular edema and received treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab, which led to resolution of the edema. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of an anti– vascular endothelial growth factor agent employed as an effective treatment for macular edema in the setting of Wyburn-Mason syndrome. The association between Wyburn-Mason syndrome and cutaneous reactive angiomatosis is also a novel finding.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:760–762.]
Understanding How Students Use and Appreciate Online Resources in the Teaching Laboratory
Authors: Nikolic Sasha
Published: August 2015

The internet is a great resource student’s use for learning. Reasons include the ease in searching with sites such as Google, or the vast collection of informative videos on YouTube. The teaching laboratory can also benefit from online resources, especially when students are deficient in prerequisite knowledge. The benefits are greatest when there are non-standard learning paths, and multiple entry points into a degree. This study undertakes a mixed methods research approach to try and understand how students use and appreciate an online resource, called the Training Laboratory, designed to support learning in the engineering teaching laboratory. The targeted resources are used to help support students as well as the laboratory teaching assistants (called laboratory demonstrators). The study finds that such resources are used by a substantial number of students to aid learning, increasing productivity, and improving teaching. The availability of such targeted resources leads to an improved student experience.
A Novel Remote Monitoring and Control System Based on GSM for Home Security
Authors: Li Jinfeng , Cao Shun , Duan Jia-xin , Gao Peng-cheng , Hou Yong
Published: August 2015

A powerful and cost effective home security system based on GSM communication network and wireless communication module CC1100 is proposed for anti-theft, fireproofing, waterproofing, anti-gas leak and remote appliance control. The system uses STC89C516 microcontroller as the core and real-timely detects the home environment through a variety of sensors. The dual detections are utilized to reduce the false alarm rate and enhance system reliability and interference immunity. The wireless data transmission is adopted between the main controller and sensor nodes, which does not require a lot of wiring. The bidirection communication between the main controller and the mobile terminal is realized by the GSM networks. Once detecting suspicious activities, the system sends an alarm message to the host’s mobile phone. The user can remotely query the home security status and control the home appliance by the GSM module. The communication is assured within the GSM coverage area, and the distance is unlimited. The GSM short message alarm overcomes the hidden troubles of vulnerable damage and no alarm when calling in the fixed telephone dialing. The interaction interface is optimized. The user can modify the passwords, change the target phone number, alter the upper and lower limits of alarm, query the alarm recording and deploy/cancel defense via the LCD and keyboard. The buttons are installed for help in case of emergencies. The test results show that the system can real-timely monitor and remotely query the home environment, control the appliances and initiatively send alarm messages in case of accidents. The system possesses full function, high reliability, low false alarm rate, strong expansion, friendly user interface and low cost. The application space is very broad.
Non-Intervisible Pose Estimation Based on Plannar Mirror
Authors: Liu Jin Bo , Long Gu Can , Li Xin
Published: August 2015

Pose estimation is a thoroughly studied problem in computer vision. But in some realistic scenarios, reference points cannot lie within camera’s field of view (non-intervisible). In this article, planar mirror is placed in front of body, allowing the camera to observe reflection of reference points which can characterize body coordinate. We can form an equation system related to transformation between camera coordinate and body coordinate. We propose an unattached and linear approach to solve and optimize transformation of camera-to-body without any prior information of planar mirror configuration. Additionally, we analyze the sensitivity of our algorithm. We present a number of simulations and experiments to prove that our formulation significantly improves accuracy and robust.
Impulsive Control and Practical Generalized Synchronization of a Class of Uncertain Chaotic System with a Given Manifold
Authors: Ding Jian Xu , Wang Cheng , Bi Yong
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we study practical generalized synchronization of uncertain chaotic system with a given manifold Y = H(X). We construct a class of the bi-directionally coupled chaotic systems with impulsive control, and demonstrate theoretically that the bi-coupled systems could realize practical generalized synchronization on the basis of stability theory of impulsive differential equations. Numerical simulations with super-chaotic system are provided to further demonstrate the effectiveness and generality of our approach.
3D Deformation and Strain Analysis in Uniaxial Compressive Coal Using Digital Volumetric Speckle Photography
Authors: Lian Xiu Yun , Mao Ling Tao , Niu Hui Ya
Published: August 2015

Digital Volumetric Speckle Photography (DVSP), which is the extension of 2D digital speckle photography, is applied to measure the interior deformation and strain of the object by 2-step 3D FFT. For using FFT, DVSP has some advantages in computational efficiency. With the special loading setup for Micro-CT, the coal specimen under different uniaxial loadings is scanned, and the volumetric images are acquired. By using DVSP, the interior 3D displacements of the specimen are obtained, and then the equivalent strains and volumetric strains are estimated. Based on the interior displacement and strain mappings, the process of deformation or strain localization in the coal specimen is studied.
Dynamic Behavior in Ti-5553 Alloy with β Phase under Compression Loading
Authors: Xu Xin , Wang Lin , Zhao Deng Hui , Du Wen Wen
Published: August 2015

In this paper, the shock phase transformation of β phase in Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-0.5Fe (Ti-5553) was investigated. Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) and light gas gun were employed to investigate the dynamic properties under high strain rates from 1000s-1to 3500s-1. Microstructure characterization was carried out by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The experimental results demonstrate that the Ti-5553 alloy with β phase exhibit no obvious strain rate hardening effect with the high strain rate from 1000s-1to 3000s-1. However, compared with the quasi-static compression test results (10-3s-1), this alloy shows an evident strain rate hardening effect, with the yield strength significantly improved. Second time loading indicates light gas gun dynamic tensile loading and then SHPB dynamic compression loading in Ti-5553 alloy with β phase. The results show that the shock-induced β to αʺ martensite phase transformation dramatically influences the postshock mechanical properties of these alloys. The yield strength of this alloy decreased after the shock wave effect of light gas gun, its ductility increasing. Higher shock pressures yielded an increased dislocation density and a gradual increase in the yield strength. Adiabatic shear band (ASB) exists in second time loading Ti-5553 alloy under 103s-1strain rate. SHPB loaded the alloy: The results show that the Ti5553 alloy with β phase is adiabatic shear failure in high strain rate (3000s-1).
CX3CL1–CX3CR1 Interaction Increases the Population of Ly6C−CX3CR1hi Macrophages Contributing to Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction–Induced Fibrosis
Authors: Peng Xiaogang , Zhang Jing , Xiao Zhicheng , Dong Yanjun , Du Jie
Published: August 2015

Chemokines modulate inflammatory responses that are prerequisites for kidney injury. The specific role of monocyte-associated CX3CR1 and its cognate ligand CX3CL1 in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)–induced kidney injury remains unclear. In this study, we found that UUO caused a CCR2-dependent increase in numbers of Ly6Chi monocytes both in the blood and kidneys and of Ly6C−CX3CR1+ macrophages in the obstructed kidneys of mice. Using CX3CR1gfp/+ knockin mice, we observed a rapid conversion of infiltrating proinflammatory Ly6C+CX3CR11o monocytes/macrophages to anti-inflammatory Ly6C−CX3CR1hi macrophages. CX3CR1 deficiency affected neither monocyte trafficking nor macrophage differentiation in vivo upon renal obstruction, but CX3CR1 expression in monocytes and macrophages was required for increases in fibrosis in the obstructed kidneys. Mechanistically, CX3CL1–CX3CR1 interaction increases Ly6C−CX3CR1hi macrophage survival within the obstructed kidneys. Therefore, CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 may represent attractive therapeutic targets in obstructive nephropathy.
MAZR and Runx Factors Synergistically Repress ThPOK during CD8+ T Cell Lineage Development
Authors: Sakaguchi Shinya , Hainberger Daniela , Tizian Caroline , Tanaka Hirokazu , Okuda Tsukasa , Taniuchi Ichiro , Ellmeier Wilfried
Published: August 2015

Th-inducing Pox virus and zinc finger/Krüppel-like factor (ThPOK) is a key commitment factor for CD4+ lineage T cells and is essential for the maintenance of CD4 lineage integrity; thus, the expression of ThPOK has to be tightly controlled. In this article, we demonstrate that Myc-associated zinc finger-related factor (MAZR) and Runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1) together repressed ThPOK in preselection double-positive thymocytes, whereas MAZR acted in synergy with Runx3 in the repression of ThPOK in CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, MAZR-Runx1 and MAZR-Runx3 double-mutant mice showed enhanced derepression of Cd4 in double-negative thymocytes and in CD8+ T cells in comparison with Runx1 or Runx3 single-deficient mice, respectively, indicating that MAZR modulates Cd4 silencing. Thus, our data demonstrate developmental stage-specific synergistic activities between MAZR and Runx/core-binding factor β (CBFβ) complexes. Finally, retroviral Cre-mediated conditional deletion of MAZR in peripheral CD8+ T cells led to the derepression of ThPOK, thus showing that MAZR is also part of the molecular machinery that maintains a repressed state of ThPOK in CD8+ T cells.
Loss of Phagocytic and Antigen Cross-Presenting Capacity in Aging Dendritic Cells Is Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Chougnet Claire A. , Thacker Robert I. , Shehata Hesham M. , Hennies Cassandra M. , Lehn Maria A. , Lages Celine S. , Janssen Edith M.
Published: August 2015

Impaired functionality of dendritic cells (DCs) significantly contributes to decreased adaptive immune responses in aged hosts. The expression of MHC-peptide on the DC surface is the critical first step in T cell priming, but few studies have addressed the effect of aging on Ag acquisition, processing, and presentation by DCs. In this study, we show that aged murine DCs were less efficient in the cross-presentation of cell-associated Ag and subsequently in the cross-priming of CD8+ T cells than were their young counterparts. The decreased cross-presentation was associated with a reduction in the frequency of CD8α DCs and merocytic (CD8α−CD11b−)DCs that could endocytose cell-associated Ag, as well as the number and the size of the endocytosed particles in the DC that did internalize cell-associated materials. Mechanistically, phagocytic capacity has been associated with mitochondrial activity and membrane potential (Δψm). Aged DCs exhibited profound signs of mitochondrial dysfunction, illustrated by lower Δψm, reduced ATP turnover and coupling efficiency, decreased baseline oxidative phosphorylation, and greater proton leak and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Mimicking the aged metabolic phenotype in young DCs by pharmacologic manipulation indicated that the reductions in Δψm and ATP impeded the phagocytic capacity whereas ROS interfered with a later step in the cross-presentation process. Conversely, in vitro scavenging of ROS partially restored cross-presentation by aged DCs. Taken together, these data suggest that improvement of aged DC functionality might be feasible in the elderly by targeting metabolic dysfunction or its downstream sequelae, thereby opening new avenues for enhancing vaccine efficiency in this population.
Identification of a Potent Microbial Lipid Antigen for Diverse NKT Cells
Authors: Wolf Benjamin J. , Tatituri Raju V. V. , Almeida Catarina F. , Le Nours Jérôme , Bhowruth Veemal , Johnson Darryl , Uldrich Adam P. , Hsu Fong-Fu , Brigl Manfred , Besra Gurdyal S. , Rossjohn Jamie , Godfrey Dale I. , Brenner Michael B.
Published: August 2015

Semi-invariant/type I NKT cells are a well-characterized CD1d-restricted T cell subset. The availability of potent Ags and tetramers for semi-invariant/type I NKT cells allowed this population to be extensively studied and revealed their central roles in infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunity. In contrast, diverse/type II NKT (dNKT) cells are poorly understood because the lipid Ags that they recognize are largely unknown. We sought to identify dNKT cell lipid Ag(s) by interrogating a panel of dNKT mouse cell hybridomas with lipid extracts from the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. We identified Listeria phosphatidylglycerol as a microbial Ag that was significantly more potent than a previously characterized dNKT cell Ag, mammalian phosphatidylglycerol. Further, although mammalian phosphatidylglycerol-loaded CD1d tetramers did not stain dNKT cells, the Listeria-derived phosphatidylglycerol-loaded tetramers did. The structure of Listeria phosphatidylglycerol was distinct from mammalian phosphatidylglycerol because it contained shorter, fully-saturated anteiso fatty acid lipid tails. CD1d-binding lipid-displacement studies revealed that the microbial phosphatidylglycerol Ag binds significantly better to CD1d than do counterparts with the same headgroup. These data reveal a highly potent microbial lipid Ag for a subset of dNKT cells and provide an explanation for its increased Ag potency compared with the mammalian counterpart.
The Mediating Effect of Employee Engagement between Its Antecedents and Consequences
Authors: AL-TIT AHMAD , Hunitie Mohammad
Published: August 2015

The aim of this study was to identify the mediating effect of employee engagement in the relationship between its antecedents and consequences (i.e. job satisfaction). A random sample comprising 250 subjects from academic institutions in Jordan was used to collect the required data. Of the250 questionnaires distributed, 238 were returned and considered valid for analysis. The findings showed that all mediation conditions were verified. That is, employee engagement mediated the relationship between employee communication, clear career growth opportunities, employees’ pride in their organization, managers’ trust and integrity, rewards and recognition, feedback and mentoring, work motivation, psychological empowerment, internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices, organizational and supervision support and organizational justice, as well as organizational culture and job satisfaction. Hence, managers should take these antecedents into account to keep their employees engaged and satisfied.
Survey of attitude towards and understanding of the elderly amongst Chinese undergraduate medical students
Authors: Liu Zuoyan , Pu Lihui , Wang Heng , Hu Xiuying
Published: August 2015

Background: Gerontology has an increasing role in medicine and public health. The provision of better medical services to the elderly closely correlates with the attitude towards and understanding of the elderly by medical personnel.

Objectives: We investigated factors affecting a medical student’s choice of gerontology as a career. This included a survey of attitude towards the elderly and understanding of aging among first and third year Chinese undergraduates. Data between students in different streams, at different levels, and between sexes were compared.

Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 335 undergraduate medical students in Sichuan for a survey using Kogan’s Attitudes toward Older People Scale (KAOP) and Palmore’s Facts on Aging Quiz (FAQ1) as tools.

Results: Among undergraduates, 71.3% did not acquire significant knowledge about the elderly (mean KAOP score 139.5 ± 16.0); and had a mean score of knowledge of aging (12.2 ± 2.7). The majority of first year students (98.7%) and third year students (98.8%) had a positive attitudes (KAOP > 102). The KAOP score among first year students was higher than that among third years (P < 0.01). Students with an interest in problems of the elderly had significantly higher scores and were more willing to consider careers in gerontology than students without an interest in the elderly (P < 0.01).

Conclusions: The majority of Chinese undergraduate medical students surveyed had positive attitudes towards elderly. We recommend greater accessibility of courses in gerontology to meet the increasing need for personnel in this health care sector.
Lower left lung abscess from combined stomach and left diaphragm perforation by an intragastric foreign body
Authors: Wang Yue , Qi Liang Chen , Gao Nan , Han Zhi Feng , Yu Hai Xiang
Published: August 2015

Background: Usually children mistakenly swallow foreign bodies, and most objects are spontaneously discharged through the digestive tract without consequence. However, sometimes the objects can cause gastrointestinal perforation, with serious complications.

Objective: To report the case of a 26-year-old male patient, who mistakenly swallowed a bamboo chopstick 14 years ago. The chopstick eventually perforated the gastric fundus and left diaphragm, pierced the lower left lobe of the lung, and caused a lower left lung abscess.

Method: A thoracotomy was conducted to remove the foreign body and the lower left lobe of the lung, followed by a patch fundoplication.

Result: The object was removed and the patient’s lesions healed after surgery.

Conclusion: The ingestion of foreign bodies rarely causes serious problems, but we should be vigilant to the occurrence of complications, and close follow-up should be conducted. This follow-up should include confirmation that the foreign body has passed through the alimentary tract.
Brief communication (Original). Challenges of providing treatment and care to men who have sex with men and with HIV/AIDS in Bangkok
Authors: Tam Andrew , Ho Jennifer , Sohn Annette H.
Published: August 2015

Background: Across the Asia-Pacific, men who have sex with men (MSM) constitute a growing proportion of those infected with and at risk for HIV/AIDS, but frequently lack access to treatment-related resources because of stigma and discrimination.

Objective: To identify challenges that a community-based organization (CBO) and its corresponding HIV clinic in Bangkok, Thailand, face in order to facilitate access to HIV-related care and treatment services by HIV-positive MSM.

Methods: Data were collected through focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews, and surveys of staff members and volunteers working at the support facilities from April through May 2011.

Results: A total of 21 staff and volunteers working at the support facilities participated. Participants reported various barriers to use of HIV-related services by MSM including fear of stigmatization because of their infection status, limited clinic/hospital hours, and misunderstanding of risks.

Conclusions: In response to these barriers, CBOs implemented solutions ranging from outreach activities to organization of a men’s health clinic targeting MSM.
Brief communication (Original). The accuracy of the Broselow tape in the weight estimation of Thai children
Authors: Chiengkriwate Piyawan , Donnapee Rattaporn , Geater Alan
Published: August 2015

Background: The effectiveness of medical treatment depends on proper drug dosing. The most accurate measurement of a child’s weight is by weighing the child on a scale, and can be done for stable children. However, an emergency, or other conditions may preclude normal weighing. The child’s weight must then be estimated quickly for treatment including drug dosages, equipment sizes, ventilator volume settings, and cardioversiondefibrillation.

Objectives: To assess the accuracy of the Broselow tape in the weight estimation of Thai children.

Methods: Retrospective analysis reviewing the hospital-based data of 4746 Thai children aged less than 15 years. Demographic data, measured weight (MW), and height were collected. The subjects were divided into nine color-coded groups according to the Broselow tape color range and the actual weight plotted according to their groups. Comparison between Broselow tape-predicted weight (TW), height and MW was explored.

Results: A total of 3869 children met the inclusion criteria, of whom 2121 (54.8%) were male. The overall agreement between actual weight and predicted weight was 62.1% (range 36.4-90.5 depending on color-code). The mean difference between TW and MW was -3.56% (95% CI -3.964 to -3.150) with SD 12.91%, P < 0.001. TW was within a 10% error for 58% of children.

Conclusions: The accuracy of the Broselow tape in the weight estimation of Thai children decreases with increasing height. The Broselow tape underestimates Thai children’s weight.
Introduction: Why Digital Network Hybridity Is the New Normal (Hey! Check This Stuff Out)
Authors: Howard Robert Glenn
Published: August 2015

Setting the stage for the articles that follow, this introduction briefly makes the argument that individual expression can be empowered by network communication but not without accepting the influence of institutions because institutions have created specific media technologies that define the grounds upon which vernacular expression can emerge there. Using the online manifestations of a 1978 commercial music recording as an example, I argue that network hybridity is a good thing when it functions to return the authority for our shared cultural heritage from corporations to the aggregate of non-professionals.
"Surfing the Tube" for Latin American Song: The Blessings (and Curses) of YouTube
Authors: McDowell John H.
Published: August 2015

This article describes YouTube’s functional horizons by taking note of three communicative modalities, each defined by the role that YouTube plays in disseminating expressive culture. I argue that YouTube productions are multifaceted objects composed of multiple semiotic surfaces, each with its own sensory channel and sense-making potential, operating independently of one another yet integrated into a composite communicative module.
The impact of hospital organization in the ethical act of hospital management
Authors: Rego Amélia , Araújo Beatriz , Serrão Daniel
Published: August 2015

Objective: There are different levels of decision and clinical, administrative and management procedures in a hospital organization. The exercise of management and bioethics should be seen as an interconnected operation by anyone committed to an ethical conduct. This article is based on a larger study under a PhD in Bioethics and was conducted in 25 Portuguese hospitals. The objective of the article is to determine whether hospital organization is predictive of the ethical act of its managers.Methods: We have developed a correlational study using the Questionnaire of Ethicity in Hospital Management (QEHM). It was conducted with a sample of 421 professionals with management positions in Care Units/Services, Management Departments/Units, Boards of Directors of the National Health Service and hospitals connected to the Ministry of Health. The sample is also composed of different management models, representative of the Public, Private and Social sectors.Results: A significant association/correlation was discovered in the following dimensions: Accountability and quality, Ethical weighing and Costs and ethics within the management models; Ethical weighing and Ethical decision within the management level; Costs and ethics and Economical and ethical restriction within age.Conclusions: The ethical act of hospital managers, besides being associated with the hospital management model, is not independent of the managers’ age, being influenced by the organizational structure, particularly at management level. This means that hospital organization has an impact in the ethical act of hospital management. Given the correlational nature of the study and the current health sector reforms in Portugal, we suggest an observational study to examine the implications of the organization in the ethical act of managers and their impact on health care users, which was not included in this study.
Herstelrecht en slachtoffers van geweldsmisdrijven
Authors: Van Camp Tinneke , Wemmers Jo-Anne
Published: August 2015

Restorative justice and victims of violence Victims’ satisfaction with a restorative intervention completed before and after a judicial decision

In this paper we compare the experiences of victims of serious violent crimes with a restorative intervention completed before or after a judicial decision was taken. Specifically, we ask: What is the impact of the availability of a judicial decision on the victims’ assessment of the restorative intervention? We conducted interviews with victims of violence in Belgium and Canada. The findings show that these victims are satisfied with a restorative intervention, irrespective of the phase in which this intervention takes place, provided that the intervention is complemented with a judicial procedure in which the offender is held responsible for his actions.
“Indikator på samfunnets patologi”. Om DDR og suicidraters politiske betydning
Authors: Thorvik Arne
Published: August 2015

Artikkelen tar for seg suicidratene i det tidligere DDR (Tyske demokratiske republikk) i perioden staten eksisterte (1949– 90), og drøfter mulige forklaringsmodeller på at ratene lå på europeisk toppnivå. Dernest tematiseres hvordan suicid ble forstått, ideologisk og forskningsmessig, i en statsdannelse basert på marxistisk tenkning. En kjent kasuistikk (pastor Oskar Brüsewitz) presenteres. Et overordnet siktemål for artikkelen er å anskueliggjøre at suicidrater ikke bare er en stringent medisinsk variabel, men lett tillegges en politisk betydning som ”indikator på samfunnets patologi”. De høye ratene i DDR var åpenbart kontrære til regimets ønske om at DDR skulle fremstå som en mønsterstat. Den økende hemmeligholdelsen av suicidrater på 1960- og 70- tallet illustrerer dette. Artikkelen nevner også eksempler fra Skandinavia på at suicidrater er blitt tillagt en politisk betydning. Avslutningsvis diskuteres hvorvidt det kan være berettiget å se suicidrater som en indikator på et funksjonelt eller dysfunksjonelt politisk system. This article deals with suicide rates in the former GDR (German Democratic Republic) during the decades this state was existent (1949–90), and presents possible explanations to the fact that these rates were among the highest in Europe. Next, the article discusses how the phenomenon of suicide was evaluated, ideologically and according to research, within a state based on Marxist philosophy. A well-known case (the Rev. Oskar Brüsewitz) is mentioned. Extensively, the article aims to illustrate that suicide rates are not only a restricted medical variable. A political significance (“indicator of social pathology”) is easily attributed. It seems obvious that high suicide rates were contrary to the official project of presenting GDR as a model state. This is further supported by the fact that suicide rates were increasingly classified by the regime during the nineteen-sixties and seventies. In addition, the article exemplifies that a political significance has been attributed even to Scandinavian suicide rates. In the concluding remarks, the author discusses whether it might be justified to consider suicide rates an indicator of the function (or dysfunction) of a political system.
Utelatelsen av religiøse og spirituelle faktorer i vurdering
av selvmordsrisiko
Authors: Larsen Kim
Published: August 2015

Religion og spiritualitet er vesentlige
faktorer i menneskelivet. Empirisk forskning
har konsekvent vist at religion har
en helsefremmende effekt på både fysisk
og psykisk helse. Forskning på religion
og suicidalitet, både på populasjons- og
individnivå, indikerer at religion er en
beskyttende faktor for selvmord. Til tross
for dette er religion konsekvent undervurdert
i både psykiatri, psykologi og
suicidologi. Noen av grunnene til dette
drøftes. Det konkluderes med at religiøse
og spirituelle faktorer bør inkluderes i
kliniske vurderinger av selvmordsrisiko i
større grad slik at vi betrakter pasienten
innenfor en utvidet ramme som omfatter
både biologi, psykologi, det sosiale og
det spirituelle – slik at våre vurderinger
av selvmordsrisiko blir mer komplette.
Religion and spirituality are basic ingredients
in human life. Empirical research
has repeatedly shown that religion has
a salutogenic effect on both physical
and psychological health. Research on
religion and suicidality, both on population
and individual levels, has indicated
religion as a protective factor for suicide.
In spite of this, religion is consistently
overlooked in psychiatry, psychology and
suicidology. Some explanations for this
state of affairs are sought. It is concluded
that religious and spiritual factors must
be included in clinical evaluations of
suicide risk to a higher extent for our
conception of the patient as a biological,
psychological, social and spiritual being
to be complete and for our evaluations
of suicide risk to be more comprehensive.
Sati - suicide by widows sanctioned by Hindu scriptures and society?
Authors: Nrugham Latha
Published: August 2015

The word sati is commonly understood as suicide by self-immolating widows widely practiced in India today and sanctioned by ancient Hindu scriptures, although it is also claimed that Hindu scriptures condemn suicide. Without delving into details, the scriptural understanding of sati and the history of sati alongwith its practice today will be described and discussed. Is sati suicide or is it something else, for example, murder? Sati – suicide by widows sanctioned by Hindu scriptures and society? Ordet sati blir gjerne forstått som et utbredt hindurituale av enker som tenner på seg selv til døden sammen med sine ektemenn, som foreskrevet i gamle hinduskrifter, selv om det også hevdes at hinduskriftene fordømmer selvmord. Forståelsen av sati og satis historie, samt dagens praksis i India, blir i denne artikkelen beskrevet og diskutert. Er sati selvmord eller noe annet – for eksempel mord?
Fra krisemaksimering til kriseminimalisering
Authors: Germans et al. Sara
Published: August 2015

Vi beskriver implementering av en trappetrinnsmodell
i krisehåndtering for pasienter
med emosjonelt ustabilt personlighetsforstyrrelse
(EUPF) ved Psykiatrisk
avdeling, Sykehuset Namsos, hvor hovedmålet
er å understøtte den langsiktige
psykoterapeutiske behandling. Vi beskriver
forskjellige faser av modellen sammen
med de utfordringer man har hatt knyttet
til gjennomføringen av disse, relatert til
sengpostnivå, klinikknivå, sykehusnivå
og i førstelinjetjenesten. Våre hovedfunn
er at fra 2007–2011 har det vært en nedgang
i antall (re)innleggelser. Gjennomsnittlig
innleggelsestid er blitt redusert.
Bruk av tvangstiltak under innleggelse
er synkende. Drøfting av resultatene og
prosessen med å innføre trappetrinnsmodellen
og de erfaringer man har sett
på som betydningsfulle er gjort til slutt.
We describe an implementation of a step
model of crisis management for patients
with a borderline personality disorders
(B-PD) at the Psychiatric Department,
Namsos Hospital. The objective is to
support the long-term psychotherapeutic
treatment of the patients. We describe
the different phases of the model along
with the challenges linked to the
implementation on the different levels
in health care. Our main findings are
that from 2007 to 2011 there was a
reduction of (re)admissions of patients
with B-PD. The average admission time
has been reduced. The use of forced
initiatives decreased. The article ends
with a discussion of the implementation
process of the model and the current
significant experiences with the model.
Jan Beskow, Astrid Palm Beskow og Anna Ehnvall: Suicidalitet som problemlösning, olyckshändelse och trauma.
Authors: Larsen Kim
Published: August 2015

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De usynliggjorte. Etterlatte gjennom historien
Authors: Thorvik Arne
Published: August 2015

Artikkelen tar for seg hvordan rollen som etterlatt etter selvmord har utviklet seg i Norge fra opplysningstiden (1700-tallet) og frem til i dag. Lovfestede arve- og gravferdsrestriksjoner var med på å vanskeliggjøre etterlattes situasjon både sosialt og økonomisk, og ble gradvis opphevet i løpet av 1800-tallet. Samtidig hadde disse restriksjonene til følge at etterlatte fikk en synlig posisjon. I den påfølgende perioden (1900–1970) er etterlatte ”usynliggjorte” og knapt nevnt i faglitteratur, noe som kan ses i lys av datidens medisinske ideologi. I årtiene 1970-1980 tilkom noe åpenhet om etterlattes situasjon, både innen fagmiljøer og i media. Fra 1990-tallet og fremover er etterlatte i økende grad blitt synlige i det offentlige rom, også som organisert gruppe og som formelle rettighetshavere. The article deals with the social position of suicides' survivors in Norway from the Enlightenment Era to the present. Legal restrictions concerning heritage and burial were a major burden to this group, but were gradually repealed during the 19th century. At the same time, these restrictions had given survivors a public position. In the following decades (1900–1970), survivors were made “invisible”, and their situation is hardly mentioned in medical literature, which corresponds to the medical ideology of the period. During the 1970–1980ies, survivors' position was to some extent discussed in medical circles and media. From 1990 to the present, survivors have become increasingly visible in public, also as an organized group and as possessors of formal rights.
Dialektisk atferdsterapi for ungdommer med gjentatt suicidal og selvskadende adferd – en randomisert kontrollert undersøkelse
Authors: Mehlum Lars , Tørmoen Anita Johanna , Ramberg Maria , Haga Egil , Diep Lien My , Sund Anne Mari , Grøholt Berit
Published: August 2015

Vi undersøkte hvorvidt en forkortet versjon av dialektisk atferdsterapi tilpasset for tenåringer (DBT-A) er mer effektiv enn vanlig behandling (VB) i å redusere villet egenskade. I undersøkelsen deltok 77 ungdommer med nylig og repetert villet egenskade, tilfeldig fordelt til å motta enten DBT-A eller VB i 19 uker. Vi målte antall episoder med villet egenskade, nivå av selvmordstanker, depresjon, håpløshet og symptomer på ustabil personlighetsforstyrrelse ved behandlingsstart og etter 9, 15 og 19 uker. Vi fant at de fleste ungdommene i begge grupper fullførte behandlingen og at bruken av krisetjenester var beskjeden. De ungdommene som fikk DBT-A, rapporterte imidlertid signifikant færre episoder med villet egenskade og lavere nivå av selvmordstanker og depresjonsymptomer enn ungdommene som fikk VB. Vår konklusjon er at DBT-A er mer effektivt i å behandle ungdommer med villet egenskade enn vanlig behandling. We examined whether a shortened form of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT-A) is more effective than enhanced usual care (EUC) to reduce self-harm in adolescents. This was a randomized study of 77 adolescents with recent and repetitive self-harm treated at community child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinics randomly allocated to either DBT-A or EUC. Assessments of self-harm, suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness and symptoms of borderline personality disorder were made at baseline and after 9, 15 and 19 weeks (end of trial period) and frequency of hospitalizations and emergencydepartment visits over the trial period were recorded. Treatment retention was generally good in both treatment conditions and the use of emergency services was low. DBT-A was superior to EUC in reducing self-harm, suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms. Effect sizes were large for treatment outcomes in patients who received DBT-A, whereas effect sizes were small for outcomes in patients receiving EUC. We conclude that DBT-A may be an effective intervention to reduce self-harm, suicidal ideation and depression and adolescents with repetitive self-harming behavior.
Ionospheric response to the 2009 sudden stratospheric warming over the equatorial, low, and middle latitudes in the South American sector
Authors: Fagundes P. R. , Goncharenko L. P. , de Abreu A. J. , Venkatesh K. , Pezzopane M. , de Jesus R. , Gende M. , Coster A. J. , Pillat V. G.
Published: August 2015

The present study investigates the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and F‐layer response in the Southern Hemisphere equatorial, low, and middle latitudes due to major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event, which took place during January–February 2009 in the Northern Hemisphere. In this study, using 17 ground‐based dual frequency GPS stations and two ionosonde stations spanning latitudes from 2.8°N to 53.8°S, longitudes from 36.7°W to 67.8°W over the South American sector, it is observed that the ionosphere was significantly disturbed by the SSW event from the equator to the midlatitudes. During day of year 26 and 27 at 14:00 UT, the TEC was two times larger than that observed during average quiet days. The vertical TEC at all 17 GPS and two ionosonde stations shows significant deviations lasting for several days after the SSW temperature peak. Using one GPS station located at Rio Grande (53.8°S, 67.8°W, midlatitude South America sector), it is reported for the first time that the midlatitude in the Southern Hemisphere was disturbed by the SSW event in the Northern Hemisphere.
Interplanetary shocks and the resulting geomagnetically induced currents at the equator
Authors: Carter B. A. , Yizengaw E. , Pradipta R. , Halford A. J. , Norman R. , Zhang K.
Published: August 2015

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) caused by interplanetary shocks represent a serious space weather threat to modern technological infrastructure. The arrival of interplanetary shocks drives magnetosphere and ionosphere current systems, which then induce electric currents at ground level. The impact of these currents at high latitudes has been extensively researched, but the magnetic equator has been largely overlooked. In this paper, we investigate the potential effects of interplanetary shocks on the equatorial region and demonstrate that their magnetic signature is amplified by the equatorial electrojet. This local amplification substantially increases the region's susceptibility to GICs. Importantly, this result applies to both geomagnetic storms and quiet periods and thus represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of adverse space weather impacts on technological infrastructure.
Recent decrease in DOC concentrations in Arctic lakes of southwest Greenland
Authors: Saros Jasmine E. , Osburn Christopher L. , Northington Robert M. , Birkel Sean D. , Auger Jeffrey D. , Stedmon Colin A. , Anderson Nicholas John
Published: August 2015

A key indicator of changes in the terrestrial carbon cycle is shifting dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in surface waters. Arctic permafrost holds twice as much C as the atmosphere, thus recent warming and changes in atmospheric deposition to the region raise the need for a better understanding of how DOC is changing in arctic surface waters. In Kangerlussuaq, Greenland, lakewater DOC concentrations declined by 14 to 55% (absolute changes of 1 to 24 mg L−1) between 2003 and 2013, without significant changes in quality. Lakewater sulfate concentrations, but not chloride or conductivity, increased. These results suggest that similar to processes that have occurred at northern midlatitudes, increases in soil ionic strength as a result of sulfate enrichment may be linked to declining surface water DOC concentrations. Such enrichment may be occurring with enhanced non‐sea‐salt sulfate deposition. Our results reveal that rapid changes are occurring in the carbon cycle of this region of southwest Greenland.
The low‐degree shape of Mercury
Authors: Perry Mark E. , Neumann Gregory A. , Phillips Roger J. , Barnouin Olivier S. , Ernst Carolyn M. , Kahan Daniel S. , Solomon Sean C. , Zuber Maria T. , Smith David E. , Hauck Steven A. , Peale Stanton J. , Margot Jean‐Luc , Mazarico Erwan , Johnson Catherine L. , Gaskell Robert W. , Roberts James H. , McNutt Ralph L. , Oberst Juergen
Published: August 2015

The shape of Mercury, particularly when combined with its geoid, provides clues to the planet's internal structure, thermal evolution, and rotational history. Elevation measurements of the northern hemisphere acquired by the Mercury Laser Altimeter on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging spacecraft, combined with 378 occultations of radio signals from the spacecraft in the planet's southern hemisphere, reveal the low‐degree shape of Mercury. Mercury's mean radius is 2439.36 ± 0.02 km, and there is a 0.14 km offset between the planet's centers of mass and figure. Mercury is oblate, with a polar radius 1.65 km less than the mean equatorial radius. The difference between the semimajor and semiminor equatorial axes is 1.25 km, with the long axis oriented 15° west of Mercury's dynamically defined principal axis. Mercury's geoid is also oblate and elongated, but it deviates from a sphere by a factor of 10 less than Mercury's shape, implying compensation of elevation variations on a global scale.