bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How the Goths and Alans of the Mountainous Crimea Assimilated Greek Language
Authors:   Institute of Archeology of the Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aibabin Aleksandr Il’ich
Published: December 2021

The Goths and Alans settled in the Mountainous Crimea about the mid-third century. The Eastern Roman Empire pursued the policy of integrating barbarians on the frontier in order to strengthen its northern borders. In the mountainous Crimea, the Goths and Alans assimilated Greek language in result of political and ideological interaction and trading with Cherson and other cities and towns of the Eastern Roman Empire. The earliest in this area Greek inscriptions were dipinti drawn on the light-clay narrow-neck amphorae of D. B. Shelov’s type F, which were produced in Herakleia Pontike. According to the life of St. John of Gothia who led a revolt against Khazar domination in Gothia, the correspondence of Theodore of Stoudios with the archimandrite of Gothia, and official church documents, Greek was the only language of worship in the churches and monasteries of Gothia from the establishment of the Gothic bishopric on. The priests and monks contributed to the spread of Greek language among the Goths and Alans. From the eighth to thirteenth centuries, there appeared numerous epitaphs in church burials and in cemeteries located around these churches starting with a typical Byzantine phrase: Φῶς ζωή (“Light – life”), Κύριε, βοήθει... (“Lord, help...”), Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς νηκᾷ (“Jesus Christ conquers”), Ἐκοιμήθη (“Deceased” or “passed away”), and so on. From the materials examined there are reasons to state that, by the ninth century, the Goths and Alans assimilated Greek language, which from the ninth to thirteenth centuries predominated in Gothia. There are several written sources documenting the preservation of Gothic and Alan languages in the first half of the thirteenth century. In the mid-sixteenth century, the Goths of the mountainous Crimea spoke mostly Greek. According to written sources, the functioning of Crimean Gothic dialect was restricted and started disappearing from the sixteenth century on.
Seal of Konstantinos, the Son of the Protoproedros and Exousiokrator of All Alania (ca 1065–1075)
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Vinogradov Andrey Yurievich , Chkhaidze Victor Nikolaevich ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

This paper offers a corrected reading of a lead seal excavated at Anakopia which belonged to Konstantinos, the son of the protoproedros and exousiokrator of all Alania. Although the palaeography of the seal dates it to the second half of the eleventh century, the historical context and the title of protoproedros makes the chronology narrow, as 1065–1075. This find can be linked to the Byzantine-Georgian conflict over Anakopia and probably to the negotiations on returning the town to the Georgian king which happened shortly after 1074. The narrow chronology of the seal speaks in favour of the identification of the Alanian exousiokrator as Dorgholel (mentioned in 1068), thus excluding the possibility that Konstantinos of the seal and Konstantinos Alanos (mentioned in 1045–1047) were the same person. The former Konstantinos, a possible heir to Dorgholel, might be a brother of Irene, the wife of protoproedros Isaak Komnenos, so the same high title given to his father in 1065–1075 points to a Byzantine-Alan alliance which made possible the marriage of Irene and Isaak Komnenos in 1072 and the participation of 6,000 Alanian horsemen in suppressing Roussel de Bailleul’s revolt in 1073–1074. The unique title of “exousiokrator of all Alania” attested on the seal and in the list of the metropolitans of Bulgaria possibly reflected the struggle of the Alanian ruler against centrifugal tendencies in his domain during the twelfth century; its later disappearance suggests that this title was a Dorgholel’s situational invention.
Architrave Slab of the Entrance into the Gate Church of Funa
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kirilko Vladimir Petrovich
Published: December 2021

The gate church of the Theodorite castle near the village of Funa appeared in 1459 and existed to 1778. Left unattended later on, it became decayed, quickly dilapidated, and finally turning into ruin after the earthquake of 1927. The experts’ conclusions concerning its origin are based mainly on the typical features of the architectonics and carved decoration of the structure, correlated with the traditions of Armenian architecture and Seljuk ornamentation. The most exquisite architectural detail of the building is the large slab with relief ornamentation that overlapped from outside the doorway of the south entrance. Two iconographic sources are published for the first time to supply new information about the slab in question along with the results of a substantive study of a large fragment of the artefact which was found by chance outside the castle short time ago. Almost a half of the composition that adorned the outermost part of the architrave survived. Its completely lost middle part can be reconstructed reliably by the photograph taken by N. N. Klepinin and the drawing by D. M. Strukov. The ornamental motif of the slab is one of the most popular in mediaeval art, being typical of the eastern decorative tradition. It is still not possible to discover the origin and exact date of the architrave which was secondary used in the church of 1459. Stylistically, structurally, and technologically it is comparable with carved architectural details of many main buildings of the capital town of Theodoro, which were erected in the 1420s. Therefore, the slab in question possibly has the same chronology, but still it could be made even earlier.
Byzantine Elements of the Material Culture of the Thirteenth-Fourteenth Century Bosporos (On the Example of 2018 Excavation Trench)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Maiko Vadim Vladislavovich
Published: December 2021

This paper is the first to address the problem of the presence of Byzantine imports in the material culture of Bosporos from the second half of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. So far the degree of “Byzantinization” of the coastal towns in the eastern Taurica, which were finally absorbed by the Golden Horde in the third quarter of the thirteenth century and remained in its structure to the mid-fifteenth century, is a topical issue in the mediaeval Crimean studies. Although the greatest part of the artefacts made in Byzantium, represented mostly by ceramic ware and discovered in the thirteenth-fourteenth century horizons and buildings of Sougdaia, has already been introduced into the scholarship, parallel finds from Bosporos never became the subject of analysis. The reason is the poor studying of the latter and almost complete absence of published materials. The materials of large-scale protective excavations conducted in Kerch in 2018 certainly deserve attention. The vast majority of these finds date from the seventh to twelfth centuries. However, the materials from the second half of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries stand out to become the subject of this paper. Unfortunately, they are highly fragmented, but allowing the one to determine Byzantine imports and to compare their composition and quantity with similar products of Sougdaia.
On the History of the Soviet Byzantine Studies: The Correspondence of M. Ja. Sjuzjumov to Z. V. Udal’tsova
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Kushch Tatiana Viktorovna ,   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

This publication comprised the letters of Mikhail Jakovlevich Sjuzjumov, the founder of the Ural school of Byzantine Studies, to Zinaida Vladimirovna Udal’tsova, the head of the Soviet Byzantinology, with appropriate comments. The traces of their long-lasting epistolary communication reside in the Russian Academy of Sciences Archive and the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk Region as 55 letters by M. Ja. Sjuzjumov and 6 letters by Z. V. Udal’tsova. This almost 30-year-long correspondence enabled the Ural scholar to keep abreast of all what happened in the Soviet Byzantinology and to deal efficiently with organisational matters. The correspondence in question covered various topics related to Sjuzjumov’s scholarly and educational works: the organization of the defence of his doctoral dissertation, the preparation and publication of his articles and books, the discussion of his published academic works, the organization of conferences and his participation in them, the work in the editorial boards of Vizantiiskii Vremennik and collective volumes of the History of Byzantium, relations with colleagues, patronage of students, current university matters, etc. These letters also uncover Sjuzjumov’s concept of the genesis of feudalism and his position related to some disputable issues of the Byzantine and Mediaeval Studies. The publication of the main body of correspondence of the two twentieth-century Byzantologists sheds additional light on many pages in the history of Soviet Byzantine studies.
Prevalência e fatores associados a defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte em crianças de 5 anos de idade matriculadas em creches na cidade de Teresina, Brasil
Authors: Andrade Natália Silva , Aquino Samille Rodrigues , Santos Isaac Torres dos , Nétto Otacílio Batista de Sousa , Moura Marcoeli Silva , Moura Lúcia de Fátima Almeida de Deus , Lima Marina de Deus Moura de
Published: December 2021

Resumo Introdução Crianças com defeitos de desenvolvimento de esmalte (DDE) são mais suscetíveis à hipersensibilidade dentinária, maloclusões e dificuldades relativas à adesão de materiais restauradores. O conhecimento sobre a prevalência de DDE e seus fatores associados permite aos profissionais obter maior compreensão desse problema de saúde bucal, minimizando, dessa forma, as sequelas e melhorando a saúde bucal e a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos afetados. Objetivo Determinar a prevalência de DDE e seus fatores associados na dentição decídua. Método Trata-se de estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de 566 pré-escolares de 5 anos de idade, matriculados em creches públicas e privadas de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Foi aplicado questionário socioeconômico e de história médica da criança aos responsáveis. Os exames clínicos foram conduzidos por um único examinador (kappa = 0,93 para DDE e 0,86 para cárie) que utilizou os índices DDE modificado e ceo-d. Foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados, além dos testes qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher e a regressão de Poisson, considerando como significativo p ≤ 0,05. Resultados A prevalência de DDE foi de 33,7%. A média de dentes com DDE por criança foi de 3,12 ± 2,23. O tipo mais prevalente de DDE foi opacidade demarcada (9,5%). Os segundos molares superiores foram os dentes mais afetados (11,9%). Houve associação entre DDE e estudar em creche pública (p = 0,026) e cárie (p = 0,012). Crianças com experiência de cárie apresentaram maior prevalência de DDE (RP: 1,29; IC95%: 1,01-1,64). Conclusão A prevalência de DDE na dentição decídua foi de 33,7% e se mostrou associada à experiência de cárie.
Risks and fraud: A theoretical approach
Authors: Portugal Dias Alcina Augusta De Sena
Published: December 2021

Objective. To explain fraud occurrence —under three theoretical models— and apply it to the organization’s hierarchy. Methodology. Based on the IIA risk outlook for 2021, an exploratory theoretical scope of analysis was constructed. Risks were considered under the umbrella of three fraud theories: Triangle of Cressey; Diamond of Wolfe and Hermanson; and Pentagon of Crowe. Results. Fraud occurrence may be explained by the perpetrator’s position across the hierarchical organization chart: where it is stressed that arrogance from the Pentagon fits the top management position; competence from the Diamond fits the middle management; and need, opportunity and pressure from the Triangle fit mainly the lower management. Conclusions. Fraud was considered under three main models, concluding that it may be explained through different worker motivations related to their management position in the company.
Caracterización de las actividades de trabajo en equipo en una empresa
Authors: Ruíz Hernández Yudi Elena , Sánchez Jaramillo Andrés Felipe
Published: December 2021

Objetivo. Caracterizar las actividades de trabajo en equipo colaborativo y/o cooperativo que se evidencian en las organizaciones. Metodología. La presente investigación corresponde a un estudio de tipo transeccional descriptivo y cualitativo, orientado a ofrecer el estado de una o más variables en uno o más grupos de personas, para el interés de esta investigación se consideraron dos formas de trabajo en equipo. Resultados. Durante las últimas décadas las organizaciones se han sentido atraídas por el modelo de trabajo en equipo, ya que ofrece la posibilidad de aprovechar las capacidades sobresalientes decada individuo y aumentar el rendimiento de las actividades de trabajo. En este sentido el trabajo en equipo colaborativo implica responsabilidad de grupo y liderazgo compartido; mientras que en el trabajo en equipo cooperativo las actividades se encuentran repartidas y la responsabilidad es individual. Conclusión. Se concluye que trabajar en equipo no implica solo la agrupación de personas, sino también la presencia de ciertas características queestán relacionadas de manera que el éxito de uno de los individuos conduzca al éxito de todos los participantes.
Methotrexate Use in Generalized Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis: A Case series
Authors: Eibling Preston , Li Yuebing , Marquardt Robert
Published: December 2021

Methotrexate (MTX) is an inexpensive and well-tolerated immunosuppressive medication that is used anecdotally in autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG). However, the efficacy in MG is unclear at this time. This retrospective analysis describes six patients with acetylcholine receptor antibody positive MG who were treated with MTX and corticosteroids. The efficacy of MTX was measured by steroid-sparing effect and the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) classification. MTX initiation was associated with a reduction in prednisone dosage in all patients. Minimal manifestation status was reached at an average duration of 10 months in 5 patients.  No patients were hospitalized for myasthenia gravis exacerbations. There were no major side effects experienced with MTX use.  This retrospective analysis suggests that MTX is safe and probably efficacious as a corticosteroid-sparing agent in the management of MG.
Calculating point cloud object volume using the co-opposite-direction slicing method
Authors:   School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Li Bin , Bi Xiaowei ,   School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Peng Cheng ,   School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Chen Yong ,   Hebei Provincial Geological Environment Monitoring Institute, Yang Chengsheng ,   School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University
Published: December 2021

Although the Slicing Method (SM) is effective for calculating the volume of point cloud objects (PCOs), it is restricted in terms of applicability and practicability because of certain contingencies and directional defects. The paper proposes the Co-Opposite-Direction Slicing Method (CODSM) an improved method that calculates PCO volume by increasing parallel (co-opposite-direction) observation and considering the two-way mean as the result. The proposed method fullyexploits the mutual offsetting of random errors and the compensation of systematic directional errors, which can effectively overcome (or mitigate) the effect of random errors and reduce the effect of systematic errors in SM. Two typical objects, a cone model and a stone lion base, are used as examples for calculating the PCO volume using CODSM. The results show that CODSM has all the inherent advantages of SM and effectively weakens the volatility of random errors and the directionality of systematic errors from SM, which verifies that CODSM is a robust configuration upgrade of SM.
Algebras of symmetry operators of Klein-Gordon-Fock equation for groups acting transitively on two-dimensional subspaces of space-time manifold
Authors:   Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Obukhov V.V. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radio Electronics, Myrzakulov K.R ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University; Ratbay Myrzakulov Eurasian International Center for Theoretical Physics, Guselnikova U.A. ,   Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Zhadyranova A. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: December 2021

All external electromagnetic fields are found in which the Klein-Gordon-Fock equation for a charged test particle admits first-order symmetry operators provided that the groups G 3, r £ 3, of motions act transitively on the two-dimensional subspace V 2.
Spatial transitions of electron in hydrogen-like atom with photon radiation
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University, Skobelev V.V.
Published: December 2021

For the first time, electron transitions in a hydrogen-like atom with a change in spatial dimension D = 3® D ¢ = 1, 2 and energy of its state, accompanied by photon radiation, are considered. Similar "conversions" for some atoms were observed experimentally, but there was no theoretical explanation for this effect. Calculations were carried out in parabolic coordinates, as a result of which this approach is also of methodological interest, since these coordinates are rarely used in the literature.
Doubling of THz emission in nonlinear borate crystals
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Ezhov D.M. , Lubenko D.M. ,   Institute of High-Current Electronics of the SB RAS, Andreev Yu.M. ,   National Research Tomsk State University; Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the SB RAS
Published: December 2021

We present the possibility of effective doubling of millimeter wave radiation in the range of 400-2500 μm in borate crystals. The phase matching angles are calculated. It is shown that for LN and β-BBO crystals the realization of o + o → e and e + o → e interactions is possible, and for LB4 only o + o → e. The walk-off angle, spectral and angular phase-matching bandwidth are calculated. An estimate is given of the maximum efficiency of SHG taking into account the measured optical damage threshold of 150 TW/cm2 for the LB4 crystal and 100 TW/cm2 for β-BBO.
Excitations of rotational energy levels of ozone molecule O3 by collisions with atoms of the noble gases (Ar and He)
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Egorov O.V. ,   V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tretyakov A.K. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2021

The scattering cross-sections on rotational energy levels of O3 by collisions with atoms of the noble gases (Ar and He) were calculated using the two-body scheme implemented in the MOLSCAT2020 package. All energy levels of O3 up to J max = K max = 5 and J max = K max = 7 were included that corresponds to 18 and 32 coupled channel equations. The dependences of the scattering cross-sections on the collision energy were analyzed and the most probable excited rotational states of O3 were determined. The rate coefficients at the temperatures of 5-300 K were calculated. The construction of the radial part of the angular coefficients of the interaction potential is also discussed.
Evolution of the microstructure and its parameters in copper-aluminum polycrystalline alloys during active plastic deformation with different stacking-fault energy
Authors:   Tomsk StateUniversity of Architecture and Building, Koneva N.A. , Trishkina L.I. ,   Tomsk StateUniversity of Architecture and Building, Cherkasova T.V. ,   Tomsk StateUniversity of Architecture and Building; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Solov’ev A.N. ,   Tomsk StateUniversity of Architecture and Building, Cherkasov N.V. ,   Tomsk StateUniversity of Architecture and Building
Published: December 2021

Evolution of the dislocation structure during active plastic deformation was carried out in copper-aluminum alloys with Al content of 0.5-14 at. % using transmission electron microscopy. Analysis of the types of the dislocation substructure as a function of the alloying element content and deformation degree was conducted. The following parameters of the defect substructure were measured: average scalar dislocation density, curvature-torsion of the crystal lattice and microtwin density. The effect of stacking fault energy on accumulation of defects in the alloys was observed and evaluated.
About rms amplitude of zero oscillations of atoms in crystal
Authors:   Institute of Nuclear Physics Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Khidirov I. , Rakhmanov S.Dj. ,   Institute of Nuclear Physics Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Makhmudov Sh.A. ,   Institute of Nuclear Physics Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan
Published: December 2021

It is shown that the values of the energy and amplitude of zero-point vibrations of atoms in a crystal, due to the uncertainty principle, depend on the dynamic characteristics of atoms in the crystal. It was found that the root-mean-square amplitude of thermal and zero-point vibrations of atoms, like other properties, has a periodic dependence on the ordinal number of elements in the Mendeleev's Periodic Table. It is shown that the value of the root-mean-square amplitude of thermal vibrations of atoms in a lattice of elements with a high value of the Debye temperature at room temperature does not differ much from the value of the amplitude of zero-point vibrations of atoms (at T = 0 K). This is explained by the small number of excited vibrations with the maximum frequency in these crystals at room temperature, since the room temperature is much lower than their Debye temperature, at which the entire spectrum of thermal vibrations of atoms in the crystal is excited. The results can be used in materials science and technology to assess the strength and thermo physical characteristics of materials at cryogenic temperatures, without resorting to measuring them directly at absolute zero.
Admittance of mis-structures based on pentacene with two-layer dielectric SiO2-Al2O3
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Voitsekhovskii A.V. , Nesmelov S.N. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Dzyadukh S.M. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Kopylova T.N. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Degtyarenko K.M. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2021

Experimental studies of the admittance of MIS structures based on pentacene with a two-layer dielectric SiO2-Al2O3 and various materials for backward contact (Au, Al, In, Ag) have been carried out in a wide range of frequencies, temperatures, and biases. The concentration of holes in the organic film of pentacene, found from the capacitance-voltage characteristics, took rather high values (in the range (4-40)×1017 cm-3). The magnitude of the hysteresis of the electrophysical characteristics turned out to be minimal for structures with Ag and In reverse contacts. Significant hysteresis was found for structures with reverse contacts made of Au and Al at 300 K. For a structure with a reverse contact made of Al, with a forward voltage sweep in a weak accumulation mode, a maximum capacitance was observed, which can be associated with a recharge of the level of surface states at the interface between the inorganic insulator and pentacene. An equivalent circuit of a pentacene-based MIS structure is proposed, which allows one to calculate the frequency dependences of the impedance under various conditions. The values of the elements of the equivalent circuit are found at various biases and temperatures. For structures with backward contacts made of Au and Ag, maxima on the temperature dependence of the conductance associated with the recharge of bulk traps in the organic pentacene film were found.
Influence of thermal radiation on singular behavior of the Universe
Authors:   Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Makarenko A.N. , Timoshkin A.V. ,   Tomsk State Pedagogical University; Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics
Published: December 2021

Cosmological models with inhomogeneous viscous fluids with a logarithmic equation of state in the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker universe are considered. The influence of thermal effects caused by Hawking radiation on the visible horizon of the Universe on the change in the type of singularity of the dark Universe is investigated. It is shown that under the influence of thermal radiation, taking into account the viscosity property of a dark fluid, a qualitative change in the type of the Big Rip singularity is possible, which can lead to the absence of a singularity in the Universe at all.
Analytical solution of the Shredinger equation for the linear combination of the Manning-Rosen and the class of Yukawa potential
Authors:   Baku State University, Bayramova G.A.
Published: December 2021

In the present work, an analytical solution for bound states of the modified Schrödinger equation is found for the new supposed combined Manning-Rosen potential plus the Yukawa class. To overcome the difficulties arising in the case l ≠ 0 in the centrifugal part of the Manning-Rosen potential plus the Yukawa class for bound states, we applied the developed approximation. Analytical expressions for the energy eigenvalue and the corresponding radial wave functions for an arbitrary value l ≠ 0 of the orbital quantum number are obtained. And also obtained eigenfunctions expressed in terms of hypergeometric functions. It is shown that energy levels and eigenfunctions are very sensitive to the choice of potential parameters.
Two-dimensional materials of group IVA: Latest advances in epitaxial methods of growth
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Lozovoy K.A. , Dirko V.V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Vinarskiy V.P. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Kokhanenko A.P. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), VoItsekhovskiI A.V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Akimenko N.Y. ,   Pacific National University
Published: December 2021

Two-dimensional materials have become one of the central research topics of scientists around the world after the production of graphene - a monatomic layer of carbon. Currently, two-dimensional crystals are among the most promising materials for next-generation nanoelectronics and photonics. The exploration of the feasibility of 2D materials devices causes a deeper insight into the physical properties of these new materials and provides a starting point for the development of a number of important practical areas. Over the past few years, researchers have been attracting increased attention from graphene-like materials of group IVA elements, such as silicene (Si), germanene (Ge), stanene (Sn), and plumbene (Pb). Experimental production and study of the unique properties of two-dimensional monatomic layers of carbon, silicon, germanium, tin and lead on various substrates created the prerequisites for the development of new generation devices based on them. The wide possibilities for controlling their exotic electronic, magnetic and optical properties through the choice of the substrate, the design and geometry of the two-dimensional layer, as well as by controlling the magnitude of elastic stresses, have made them a dominating topic for studying in the field of nanotechnology and materials sciences. This paper reviews the latest advances in growing silicene, germanene, stanene, and plumbene using epitaxial methods. Growth technologies for creation of high-quality two-dimensional structures of large area required for promising instrumentation area are considered in more details.
Emission of molecular nitrogen at tight focusing of femtosecond laser pulses in air
Authors:   Institute of Automation and Control Processes of Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ilyin A.A. ,   Far Eastern Federal University, Shmirko K.A. ,   Institute of Automation and Control Processes of Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Far Eastern Federal University, Golik S.S. ,   Institute of Automation and Control Processes of Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Far Eastern Federal University, Proschenko D.Yu. ,   Far Eastern Federal University; Admiral Nevelskoy Maritime State University
Published: December 2021

A numerical model describing the dynamics of plasma particle density upon filamentation of femtosecond radiation in the air is presented. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The pumping processes of the N2 and N2+ radiative levels are investigated. The model predicts a sharp drop in electron temperature and density within 1 ns. For the first positive nitrogen system, an excess of the population of the upper radiation level over the population of the lower one is observed for 550 ps.
Glow discharge plasma with an extended hollow cathode
Authors:   Institute of Physical Materials Science SB RAS, Gyrylov E.I.
Published: December 2021

A low-voltage low-pressure glow discharge with a hollow cathode is considered. The discharge is ignited in a reflective discharge system with two symmetrical peripheral discharge chambers, with a common extended hollow cathode at forevacuum. Plasma parameters were determined, admissible diameter of the plasma column in a hollow cathode. It is shown that there is no electric double layer in the region of the output aperture of the cathode cavity.
Influence of thermal treatment of Ti-45Nb alloy in ultrafine-grained states on its structural parameters and heat capacity
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Legostaeva E.V. , Khimich M.A. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Sharkeev Yu.P. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Eroshenko A.Yu. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Belyavskaya O.A. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Zhilyakov A.Yu. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Kuznetsov V.P. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS
Published: December 2021

The effect of heat treatment of the Ti-45Nb alloy in the UFG state on its structural parameters (lattice parameters, volumetric phase ratio, sizes of coherent scattering regions, residual normal stresses) and their relationship with heat capacity have been studied. It has been established that the different character of the temperature dependence of the heat capacity for the Ti-45Nb alloy in the UFG and CC states is associated with the structural-phase features of the alloy in the UFG state: the two-phase structure of a-grains and b-grains, dispersion-hardened by the ω-phase, and phase transitions in the temperature range 400-600 °С.
Intertextuality in the novella Vasylko Rostyslavych by Volodymyr Birchak
Authors:   Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Mizinkina O.О.
Published: December 2021

The article dwells on the personality of Volodymyr Birchak, outlining his activities, examining his creative heritage, and giving a brief overview of the studies of V. Birchak’s historical novellas. Emphasizing the polemics about the methods of artistic comprehension and interpretation of the events of Kievan Rus by V. Birchak, the author points out that intertextuality in the novella Vasilko Rostislavich has not become the subject of research by literary scholars yet. However, intertextuality is extremely indicative for V. Birchak’s novella under analysis, since it characterizes the writer as an expert on the monuments of Old Russian literature and demonstrates his style. The author determines different ways of referring to other texts in the novella: citing the original source, mentioning the title of a known text, combining the translation with direct citation of a fragment. Analyzing the situations in which other texts appear in Vasilko Rostislavich, the author notes that the most frequently cited texts are The Tale of Bygone Years, The Tale of Igor’s Campaign, Rus’ Justice, Pchela. Emphasizing the motivation for referring to the iconic texts of Ukrainian culture in the writer’s work, the author reveals the functions of such narratives in the novella under study. Intertextual connections and their dialogical relations are manifested both at the level of content and form. Further research can focus on intertextuality in other works about Kievan Rus.
The Image of “Other” as Viewed by a Rusin Woman: Interethnic Issues in Olha Kobylianska’s Ego-Documents
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Drach О.А.
Published: December 2021

The study of interethnic relations through the prism of ego-documents provides an opportunity to identify dominant ethnic stereotypes and restore the authentic image of the “Other”. The relevance of this approach to the history of Rusins derives from the ethno-confessional diversity of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The source base of the research engages the diaries of an aspiring writer Olha Kobylianska. In Câmpulung, Bukovina, Rusins contacted with Jews, Germans, Poles, and Romanians in their everyday life, with Jews being most frequently mentioned nation in Olha’s writings. The stereotypical image of the Jew implies their de-individualization, expressed by means of the semantics of collectiveness, emphasizing the ultimate isolation of the nation. The fact that she was in love with a Jew and hoped to marry him did not preclude the condemnatory connotations in the Jewish discourse. Germans in her diaries are young men, whose attractive appearance emphasizes their professionalism, cultural sensitivity, good education, intelligence, and morality. Kobylianska thought the “Other” from Germany to be able to outshine everyone around him. The Poles are represented by the Serbinkys Catholic family, whose neighbourship with the Kobylianska’s family determined the homelike relationship and positive tone. The Catholic priest and officer, who epitomize the nation in the diaries, are endowed with natural beauty, classical proportions, culturalness, and good manners. Emotionally, the girl’s ego-narrative demonstrates a negative attitude towards Romanians, whose indecent behaviour is interpreted by Kobylianska as humiliation based on ethnicity.
The Spoken Language of Ukrainian and Rusin Diasporas: Consonant Orthoepy
Authors:   Odesa National University named after Mechnikov, Druzhynets M.L. , Kovalevska T.Yu. ,   Odesa National University named after Mechnikov, Romanchenko A.Р. ,   Odesa National University named after Mechnikov
Published: December 2021

The article contains the synchronous analysis of the spoken language and in particular the pronunciation of the Ukrainian youth in America, Canada, Europe, the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic (most of whom are Rusins). The sociological survey has demonstrated the percentage of those who own the consontant orthoepy standard in a wide local and social representation abroad, determined the most common pronunciation problems and orthoepic deviations in the system of consonantism, identified their reasons, and proved the historical organicity of modern orthoepic norm. The research of the spoken language of the Ukrainian diaspora focuses on the sociophonetic aspects at the level of its sound presentations. The author aims at determining the level of mastery of the consonant orthoepy of the Ukrainian literary language by young people, representing different local and social spheres: orthoepy of voiced consonants at the end of the word and in front of the voiceless consonants; voiceless consonants before voiced ones; prefixes роз-, без-, об-, prefixes-prepositions з-, від-, між- before voiceless consonants, except for hushing sounds; [в] as [ў]; [д̑з], [д̑ж]. According to the generalized results of the survey, the pronunciation of voiced sounds at the end of the word, the voiceless sounds before the voiced ones, [г], prefixes роз-, без-, об-, з-, affricates [д̑з], [д̑ж] are defined as strong based on the percentage abroad. The norms of the pronunciation of the prefixes об-, між- are considered weak in the speech of the respondents; the greatest difficulties arise when pronouncing the sonorous з- in the word зцідити – 35 % possession of the norm (Transnistrian Moldavian Republic – 15 %, Europe – 43 %, America –30 %, Canada – 50 %). However, the pronunciation norms of the prefixes роз-, без-, з-, affricates [д̑з], [д̑ж] in foreign countries are strong, while the pronunciation norms of the prefixes об-, від-, між- are unstable. The norms of the pronunciation of phonemes in the middle of the word, [в] as [у᷃] are also weak. Typical deviations are related to the influence of Russian orthoepy or spelling. Differences in the percentage of the norm possession depend on the usage of the word and the complexity of sound changes, since in the process of assimilation, the sound changes not only its acoustic but also articulatory characteristics – the place or method of formation. Thus, nowadays, the mistakes in the pronunciation of voiced consonants are due to lack of theoretical knowledge, influence of dialectal speech and the Russian language, since these orthoepic norms were fixed in writing and theoretically substantiated in the grammars of the early 20th century, as it can be seen in manuscripts. The pronunciation rules that are consistently reflected in the manuscripts are strong and followed by the informants.
Stereotyped Zoonyms in Rusin Phraseology
Authors:   Cherkasy Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University, Kalko V.V. , Kalko M.I. ,   Cherkasy Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University, Selivanova O.O. ,   Cherkasy Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University
Published: December 2021

The article regards stereotypes for presenting zoonyms in Rusin phraseology in the psycho-cognitive aspect of ethnic mentality. The zoonymic metaphors are considered to be double-natured: originally, the animal character epitomizes human features, and then, the human is seen through animalist characteristics. The ability to metaphorically nominate a human in the phraseological world concept is mostly revealed in the names of domestic animals. Stereotyped zoonyms in Rusin phraseology are based on the anthropomorphic analogy: zoonyms are used to analyze a person’s psycho-emotional and physiological states and characteristics. Zoonyms are quite frequent in paradoxes in which folk humor can be easily traced: there they creatively trigger the instances of irony as a basis for generating some witticisms. Zoomorphic metaphors are semantically dominated by lowered emotive estimating features being the most powerful expressive means to lower the addressee’s status. Negatively charged zoomorphic nomination is mainly connected with features of character, behavior, intellect, physique, social status, and psychology, which compare a person with a beast. Zoonyms are used to denote the relations of space, time, measure, and quantity. Stereotypically related phraseology units with zoonym components had been shaped in the Rusin culture through naïve beliefs, traditions and myths. As evaluating stereotypes, zoonyms are found in curses or biddings of grief, jokingly uttered. Presented in linguistically arranged texts, zoonymic stereotypes appear to reveal strong connections between language, culture and ethnic entity, as well as main features of Rusin mentality.
The Lemko Wedding Song (Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak): Peculiarity and Usage
Authors:   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Savaryn T. V. , Fedchyshyn N. O. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes Lemko’s wedding and post-wedding songs in comparison with Polish and Slovak ones. As an integral part of all-Ukrainian ceremonial song fund, Lemky wedding song ritualism is distinguished by some specificity due to Polish and Slovak close proximity. Naturally, Lemko song specificity are best revealed when compared with the similar song traditions of the Western Slavs. The similarity of certain elements is better traced in the wedding song ritualism of the East Slovakian, Ukrainians and Slovaks sons, as compared to the Lemky-Polish neighbourhood. While preserving a lot of archaic forms and elements, the Lemko version of the Ukrainian wedding is characterized by some differences, which reflect Lemko’s continuous ethnocultural contacts with neighbouring nations. The wedding song repertory of the three neighbouring nations has been found to impressively reflect its origin from the Proto-Slavic marriage ritualism, based on the monogamous marriage, husbandry lifestyle, close worldview (similar meaning of fire, water, bread, Eden tree, sun-worship, etc.), as well as on the similarity of ritual acts (garlanding, blessing, roundabout the table and dough trough, breaking wedding loaf, etc.). All mentioned above together with the similar dramatization of the wedding ceremony make ethnonational versions of traditional family ritualism – a so-called “Carpathian cycle”. The Lemko wedding song content has been found to preserve archaic motives and images of relict Ukrainian repertory with its typical ample song/choral expression of the content of wedding rituals, young couple’s and their families’ moral and mental state, varied poetic symbolism and stylistics. Long-term endosmosis of cultural, economic, and sociopolitical contacts between neighbouring ethnoses has conditioned the interchange of the elements of wedding song and ritual dramatization with marked Lemko dominant regarding Slovakian wedding song repertory, as well as with regard to the repertory of Polish Gorals, long-standing song strata in particular.
A Holiday With Tears Upon Our Eyes: On the Attitude Towards Victory Day in Ukraine
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Danilova E.A. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Sulyak S.G. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: December 2021

Traditionally, Victory Day is celebrated by the post-Soviet population as one of the main holidays. Until now, many perceive it in the Soviet interpretation as Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. It is not only the memory of the sacrifice and suffering that the country endured, but also the involvement in the heritage of the victorious generation. Unfortunately, the campaign to “correct” the historical memory, initiated by the West and being carried out in a number of countries of the former USSR, touched upon this holiday as well. Today, in some CIS countries, including Ukraine, some are trying to change the meaning of the holiday to belittle its significance, destroy “Soviet mythology, and dissolve the Great Patriotic War in the Second World War. Despite this, many still consider Victory Day to be the main holiday, as it can be seen from the number and mass of events held annually on May 9. The absence of a nationally responsible elite in the leadership of Ukraine, the European and Euro-Atlantic integration proclaimed by the authorities, Russophobia, the Orthodox Church schism, attempts to rewrite the country‘s history to please the Western “partners”, together with language bans, are increasingly aggravating the civilizational split between the citizens of the country.
Bishop Jozef Gaganec (1793–1875) – a leading figure of the religious, national and cultural life of Greek Catholics and Rusins in the mid-19th century in present-day Slovakia
Authors:   Prešov University in Prešov, Coranič J.
Published: December 2021

The second bishop of Prešov, Jozef Gaganec is one of the greatest figures in the history of the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Prešov. During his tenure (1843–1875), Bishop Gaganec successfully continued the work of his predecessor, Bishop Tarkovič. He took upon himself a task of firmly establishing the eparchy and securing its future development and prosperity in the mid-19th century. He ensured its organizational stability, financial provision, and pastoral unity. Bishop Gaganec governed his eparchy in very uncertain and complicated times (revolution of 1848–1849, poor harvests, famines, emigration, etc.) that significantly affected his episcopacy. He made every effort to alleviate the social impacts that this period brought upon both the clergy and regular folks. Bishop Gaganec got involved in ecclesiastical and religious reforms, for instance, he introduced a strict liturgical order in the eparchy. He also channelled his effort into improving the religious life of the clergy and congregation. He strongly promoted cultural and publishing activities, which he considered vital for a spiritual life of his flock. Bishop Gaganec participated in almost all cultural activities of Greek Catholics and largely contributed to the establishment of many cultural institutions in the Prešov and Mukachevo eparchies. He also played an important role in the national and political life of Greek Catholic Rusins during and after the revolutionary years of 1848–1849. In appreciation of his many religious, cultural, and national activities, Bishop Gaganec was acknowledged by the Austrian emperor and the Roman Pontiff. He justly deserves the title “the Father of the Prešov Eparchy”.
With the Newsroom at Home: Routines and Tensions of Women Journalists in Times of Covid-19
Authors: Espinel-Rubio Gladys Adriana , Prada-Núñez Raúl , Muñoz Balcázar Kelly Giovanna , Hernández Suárez César Augusto
Published: December 2021

This article identifies the routines and working practices of women journalists from Colombia and Venezuela in the framework of the health emergency caused by covid-19 in the countries where they work. It is a quantitative research at a descriptive cross-sectional level in which an instrument made up of 26 questions organized into five categories of analysis was used. Categories include family–work relationship, working life, and health and well-being, and the questionnaire was applied to 110 professionals from Colombia and Venezuela. It was found that the compulsory confinement hastened the insertion of journalists in the use of information and communication technologies, applications, and software for content production. Although they were already working in digital media, they had to develop new skills in this field. For 47% of them, their working hours were extended for more than 3 hours a day, which for 79% represents family tensions, given that 38% have underage children or older adults under their care. However, during the confinement, their participation in the formation of public opinion was also expanded through their personal social networks, incorporating corruption issues and citizen complaints. Regarding their routines, it is concluded that the pandemic transformed access to information sources, newsrooms, and, therefore, the dynamics of news production, so we are faced with a new way of doing journalism that puts reporting and ethics into tension with information and communication technologies.