bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sport activity of polish runners and the resulting marketing potential
Authors: Waśkowski Zygmunt , Jasiulewicz Anna
Published: November 2017

Jako cel artykułu przyjęto analizę aktywności sportowej biegaczy i oszacowanie na tej podstawie, reprezentowanego przez nich potencjału marketingowego branży biegowej. Przygotowana publikacja ma zatem charakter empiryczno-poznawczy, jej rezultatem jest identyfikacja zachowań oraz determinant podejmowanych decyzji zakupowych przez osoby aktywne sportowo. Empiryczna część artykułu została przygotowana w oparciu o przeprowadzone dwukrotnie badania ankietowe, na próbie kilku tysięcy biegaczy, skonfrontowane z dostępnymi wynikami innych badań prowadzonych w ostatnich latach na polskim rynku sportu. Zaprezentowane w artykule wyniki badań, odnoszące się do takich zagadnień jak postawa wobec biegania, znaczenie tej aktywności w życiu, rola i ważność źródeł informacji, częstotliwość i miejsca dokonywanych zakupów świadczą o wysokiej niejednorodności zachowań polskich biegaczy. Na podstawie zgromadzonego materiału empirycznego stwierdzono, iż rysujący się potencjał marketingowy tego segmentu rynku z punktu widzenia dostawców jest bardzo obiecujący.AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyze the sport activity of runners and to estimate on this basis their marketing potential in cross-industry. The prepared publication is therefore empirical-cognitive, resulting in the identification of the behavior and the determinants of purchase decisions made by the sports-active persons. The empirical part of the paper was prepared on the basis of one survey conducted twice by one of the authors, on the sample of several thousand runners. The outcomes were confronted with the available results of other studies conducted in recent years on the Polish sports market. The results of the research concerning issues such as attitude towards running, the importance of this activity in life, the role and importance of information sources, the frequency and place of purchases show the high heterogeneity of behavior of Polish runners. Based on the empirical evidence it may be observed that  marketing potential of this market segment from the vendor point of view is very promising.
Buyer Intermediation in Supplier Finance
Authors: Tunca Tunay I. , Zhu Weiming
Published: November 2017

Small suppliers often face challenges to obtain financing for their operations. Especially in developing economies, traditional financing methods can be very costly or unavailable to such suppliers. To reduce channel costs, large buyers have recently begun implementing their own financing methods that intermediate between suppliers and financing institutions. In this paper, we analyze the role and efficiency of buyer intermediation in supplier financing. Building a game-theoretical model, we show that buyer intermediated financing can significantly improve channel performance, and can simultaneously benefit both supply chain participants. Using data from a large Chinese online retailer and through structural regression estimation, we demonstrate that buyer intermediation lowers interest rates and wholesale prices, increases order fill rates, and boosts supplier borrowing. Based on counterfactual analysis on the data, we predict that the implementation of buyer intermediated financing will improve channel profits by 13.05%, increasing supplier and retailer profits by more than 10% each, and yielding approximately $44 million projected savings for the retailer.

The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2863 .

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Tubal ectopic pregnancies: Risk, diagnosis and management
Authors: Montgomery Alison , Hannon Gayle , Muhammad Sadia , Das Sourav , Hayes Kevin
Published: November 2017

Ectopic pregnancies are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in early pregnancy. This article presents an up-to-date review of the risk factors associated with tubal ectopic pregnancies and how these patients present. This is crucial for midwives who may be conducting booking appointments at earlier gestations and for those working in early pregnancy units. The role of transvaginal ultrasound as the new diagnostic gold standard is also explored. Management strategies are outlined, including the surge in conservative treatment, and the long term implications of ectopic pregnancies are also outlined. A case study is presented to show an example of how these women present in early pregnancy.
Consent for newborn screening and storage of blood samples
Authors: Ulph Fiona , Lavender Dame Tina , Bennett Rebecca
Published: November 2017

Newborn bloodspot screening is a routine procedure that is undertaken in most developed countries in order to identify nine different conditions, including sickle cell disease and cystic fibrosis. It is a procedure that requires parental consent, although studies have shown that parents may be unaware that they are also consenting to the storage of bloodspot samples. As part of a wider study aiming to identify the best means of communicating with parents, this article will examine how midwives can ensure that parents are informed and consent is valid.
Pregnancy and diet
Authors: Winter George
Published: November 2017

Midwives are in an ideal position to advise women on nutrition during pregnancy, but, as George Winter writes, time constraints and conflicting information can make this difficult
The Impact of Obesity on Medical Care Costs and Labor Market Outcomes in the US
Authors: Biener Adam , Cawley John , Meyerhoefer Chad
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically in most countries of the world, and the economic consequences of obesity are not well understood.

METHODS

We analyzed data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) for 2001–2015 and estimated the percentage of healthcare costs that were associated with adult obesity, both for the US as a whole and for the most populous states. We also reviewed the literature on the impact of obesity on economic outcomes such as medical care costs, employment, and wages.

RESULTS

The percent of US national medical expenditures devoted to treating obesity-related illness in adults rose from 6.13% in 2001 to 7.91% in 2015, an increase of 29%. Substantial differences existed across states; in 2015, some states (AZ, CA, FL, NY) devoted 5%–6% of medical expenditures to obesity, whereas others (NC, OH, WI) spent >12% of all healthcare dollars on obesity. A review of previous literature that exploited natural experiments to estimate causal effects found that obesity raises medical care costs and lowers wages and the probability of employment.

CONCLUSIONS

A substantial and rising percentage of healthcare costs are associated with obesity. This is true for the US, for individual states, for each category of expenditure, and for each type of payer. Previous literature generally found that obesity worsens economic outcomes, such as medical care costs, wages, and employment, and imposes negative external costs that may justify government intervention.
Planning Risk-Based SQC Schedules for Bracketed Operation of Continuous Production Analyzers
Authors: Westgard James O , Bayat Hassan , Westgard Sten A
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

To minimize patient risk, “bracketed” statistical quality control (SQC) is recommended in the new CLSI guidelines for SQC (C24-Ed4). Bracketed SQC requires that a QC event both precedes and follows (brackets) a group of patient samples. In optimizing a QC schedule, the frequency of QC or run size becomes an important planning consideration to maintain quality and also facilitate responsive reporting of results from continuous operation of high production analytic systems.

METHODS

Different plans for optimizing a bracketed SQC schedule were investigated on the basis of Parvin's model for patient risk and CLSI C24-Ed4's recommendations for establishing QC schedules. A Sigma-metric run size nomogram was used to evaluate different QC schedules for processes of different sigma performance.

RESULTS

For high Sigma performance, an effective SQC approach is to employ a multistage QC procedure utilizing a “startup” design at the beginning of production and a “monitor” design periodically throughout production. Example QC schedules are illustrated for applications with measurement procedures having 6-σ, 5-σ, and 4-σ performance.

CONCLUSIONS

Continuous production analyzers that demonstrate high σ performance can be effectively controlled with multistage SQC designs that employ a startup QC event followed by periodic monitoring or bracketing QC events. Such designs can be optimized to minimize the risk of harm to patients.
New Insights into Cardiac and Vascular Natriuretic Peptides: Findings from Young Adults Born with Very Low Birth Weight
Authors: Prickett Timothy C R , Darlow Brian A , Troughton Richard W , Cameron Vicky A , Elliott John M , Martin Julia , Horwood L John , Espiner Eric A
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

In community studies, plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is positively associated with cardiovascular disorders. Those born with very low birth weight (VLBW) have increased risk of metabolic and vascular disorders in later life, but plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides have not been studied. The objectives here were to evaluate BNP and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)—a putative marker of vascular risk—in young adults born with VLBW.

METHODS

In all, 220 VLBW cases and 97 matched controls were studied 28 years after birth during a 2-day period at 1 research center. Aminoterminal (NT) products (NTproBNP, NTproCNP) and a range of conventional vascular risk factors including echocardiographic indices were measured along with genetic polymorphisms known to increase plasma NTproBNP.

RESULTS

VLBW individuals were smaller, had smaller hearts, reduced stroke volume and endothelial function, and higher systolic blood pressure and arterial elastance. Of the many humoral vascular and metabolic risk factors measured, including NTproBNP, only plasma NTproCNP (higher in VLBW individuals) differed significantly. Across all individuals, associations of NTproCNP with each of 7 conventional risk factors, as well as with arterial elastance, were positive, whereas associations of NTproBNP with risk were all inverse. In multivariate analysis, the genetic variant rs198358 was independently associated with NTproBNP.

CONCLUSIONS

In young adults at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, higher NTproCNP likely reflects a compensatory vascular response to vascular stress, whereas the negative link with NTproBNP likely reflects beneficial genetic mutations. The ratio of NTproBNP to NTproCNP may provide a novel index of ideal cardiovascular health.
Adiposity and Genetic Factors in Relation to Triglycerides and Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in the Women's Genome Health Study
Authors: Ahmad Shafqat , Mora Samia , Franks Paul W , Orho-Melander Marju , Ridker Paul M , Hu Frank B , Chasman Daniel I
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Previous results from Scandinavian cohorts have shown that obesity accentuates the effects of common genetic susceptibility variants on increased triglycerides (TG). Whether such interactions are present in the US population and further selective for particular TG-rich lipoprotein subfractions is unknown.

METHODS

We examined these questions using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) among women of European ancestry from the Women's Genome Health Study (WGHS) (n = 21840 for BMI; n = 19313 for WC). A weighted genetic risk score (TG-wGRS) based on 40 published TG-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms was calculated using published effect estimates.

RESULTS

Comparing overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) WGHS women, each unit increase of TG-wGRS was associated with TG increases of 1.013% and 1.011%, respectively, and this differential association was significant (Pinteraction = 0.014). Metaanalyses combining results for WGHS BMI with the 4 Scandinavian cohorts (INTER99, HEALTH2006, GLACIER, MDC) (total n = 40026) yielded a more significant interaction (Pinteraction = 0.001). Similarly, we observed differential association of the TG-wGRS with TG (Pinteraction = 0.006) in strata of WC (<80 cm vs ≥80 cm). Metaanalysis with 2 additional cohorts reporting WC (INTER99 and HEALTH2006) (total n = 27834) was significant with consistent effects (Pinteraction = 0.006). We also observed highly significant interactions of the TG-wGRS across the strata of BMI with very large, medium, and small TG-rich lipoprotein subfractions measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (all Pinteractions < 0.0001). The differential effects were strongest for very large TG-rich lipoprotein.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results support the original findings and suggest that obese individuals may be more susceptible to aggregated genetic risk associated with common TG-raising alleles, with effects accentuated in the large TG-rich lipoprotein subfraction.
La estrategia simbólica ante amenazas naturales y desastres entre España y México
Authors: Padilla Lozoya Raymundo
Published: November 2017

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo poner en diálogo diferentes investigaciones y reflexiones históricas que se relacionan con la dimensión simbólica de la protección ante amenazas hidrometeorológicos de larga duración desde el siglo XV. Se procura por medio del método histórico y comparativo evidenciar en España y México la conformación de una estrategia adaptativa simbólica que se compone de expresiones culturales materiales y de manifestaciones de la espiritualidad con el propósito preciso de enfrentar ciertas manifestaciones naturales consideradas extremas. Como fuentes se utilizan publicaciones especializadas y documentación histórica que permiten argumentar la existencia de una estrategia, de la cual se analizan tres variables fundamentales: la planeación, la escala y la frecuencia. Como resultado se considera a la ritualidad y en particular a los patronazgos como una de las más elaboradas estrategias simbólicas para manejar las crisis por desastre, enfrentar amenazas naturales, fortalecer la cohesión social y favorecer la resiliencia.
Historias de milagros y temblores: Fe y eficacia simbólica en Hispanoamérica, siglos XVI-XVIII
Authors: Altez Ortega Rogelio
Published: November 2017

El universo simbólico de la sociedad colonial hispanoamericana representó un amalgamamiento permanente en torno a las lógicas cristianas, indígenas y africanas que nunca fue uniforme. A pesar de que los rituales repetían sus formas, básicamente, los símbolos utilizados no siempre fueron los mismos. No hubo un patrón simbólico, sino una heterogeneidad característica que conformó al cristianismo en esas sociedades. Fue una religión omnipresente y heterodoxa, ajustada a cada circunstancia, logrando una plasticidad que no se propuso, pero que acabó siendo su mejor recurso adaptativo y su gran estrategia de propagación. A través de los santos patronos y vírgenes protectoras invocados ante terremotos, exploraremos aquí la fe y la eficacia simbólica de aquella sociedad.
Deconstruyendo riesgos. Cuatro siglos de cambios en la vulnerabilidad y adaptación a las inundaciones y sequías en Murcia.
Authors: Gil-Guirado Salvador
Published: November 2017

Pocos aspectos tienen mayor relevancia que los destinados a mejorar la seguridad de las personas, máxime en un contexto de cambio global en que los desastres naturales y el número de personas afectadas aumentan año a año. Este escenario hace necesario reducir la vulnerabilidad y mejorar la estrategia de adaptación y resiliencia de las sociedades. Para esto es necesario tener en cuenta tanto criterios ambientales, como perceptuales, culturales e históricos. Una forma de sacar las lecciones que nos brinda nuestra historia, es valorar la vulnerabilidad secular ante dos de los principales riesgos que afectan a las sociedades: las inundaciones y las sequías. En este trabajo se aplica el Índice de Cambios Perceptuales a los Riesgos Climáticos (ICPRC) en Murcia desde el siglo XVII. Los resultados muestran una mejora de la percepción del peligro y que la vulnerabilidad, a pesar de haber descendido, sigue siendo alta, en parte porque la estrategia de adaptación se basa en las grandes obras de ingeniería y no se ponen límites a la exposición de bienes y personas.
Jerónimo Zurita y la Inquisición: memoriales al rey (1572-1573)
Authors: Extravís Hernández Isabel
Published: November 2017

Cuando Jerónimo Zurita fue nombrado cronista del Reino de Aragón, en 1548, llevaba más de diez años prestando servicios a la Inquisición, y continuó haciéndolo hasta su muerte en 1580. Además, desde 1566 fue nombrado secretario de Felipe II para quien, gracias a su experiencia en el Santo Oficio y su buen hacer como historiador, preparó distintos memoriales. Los temas estaban relacionados, entre otros, con el nombramiento de inquisidor general, lugares de reunión del Consejo de la Inquisición o formas de proceder ante situaciones inesperadas, como la muerte del inquisidor general Pedro Ponce de León. Analizaremos estos informes y la correspondencia mantenida referida a los mismos, entre Zurita y Felipe II, en el periodo comprendido desde la muerte del inquisidor general Diego de Espinosa y el nombramiento de Gaspar de Quiroga como su sucesor en el cargo.
Correlation of physical and mechanical properties with ultrasonic pulse velocities of sandstones in Çenedağ, Kocaeli-Turkey
Authors: Aşcı Metin , Kaplanvural İsmail , Karakaş Ahmet , Şahin Özgün Kamil , Kurtuluş Cengiz
Published: November 2017

Correlation of physical and mechanical properties with ultrasonic pulse velocities (UPV) of sandstones in Çenedağ, Kocaeli-Turkey, NW was performed in this study. Physical and mechanical properties were defined and the relationships among the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), porosity, void ratio, point load strength index Is(50),Schmidt hardness (RN) and bulk mass density by weight with ultrasonic pulse velocity of pink and cream colored sandstone unit of Lower Ordovician Çenedağ formation were investigated. In the scope of this research, 16 sandstone specimens were collected from various locations of Çenedağ formation in Çenedağ-Kocaeli, Turkey and laboratory experiments were implemented. Later, the statistical correlations were performed by regression analysis to evaluate the relationships between these properties and ultrasonic pulse velocity. Reasonably good correlations were determined between the UPV and physical and mechanical properties.
Comparative morph-anatomical studies on selected Sudanese medicinal plants: part iv. abutilon figarianum and abutilon pannosum leaves
Authors: ELtahir Manasik , EL-Kamali Hatil , Salih Ahlam
Published: November 2017

In this study, macro and micro morphology of the leaves of Abutilon figarianum and Abutilon pannosum(Malvaceae) were compared to assist as a relevant source of information and contribute towards the standards to dispose the quality and identity of these plants to avoid adulterations. Laminar size, shape, marginal type, leaf length, width, petiole length, leaf base angle and leaf apex angle were observed and measured. The relationships were illustrated by differences of radar shape. Transverse sections of the leaves were done using wax method. Three regions from each leaf were sectioned apex, middle and base. The epidermises formed of one layer of small polygonal cells covered by mucilage, large numbers of epidermal hairs appeared. The two leaves are dorsiventral. The vascular bundles arch shaped surrounded by collenchymas and ground parenchyma. Xylem consists of radial rows of cells. The phloem is found beneath. The structures at the apex, middle and bases of the leaves are similar, trichomes are denser in the middle region followed by the upper and lastly the lower region. Calcium oxalate druses are appeared in some parenchyma cells of the mid rib region, and these are of large numbers in the basal region.
SINTESA NATRIUM SIANAT DARI UREA DAN NATRIUM KARBONAT : EKSPERIMEN DAN MODEL SIMULASI
Authors: Ismail Taufik , Mahfud Muahfud , Handogo R.Handogo
Published: November 2017

Eksperimen sintesa natrium sianat dari urea dan natrium karbonat menggunakan pelarut 1,2,4-triklorobenzene (TCB) telah dilangsungkan dalam r eaktor batch yang dilengkapi pengaduk jaket pemanas dan sistim pengeluaran gas. TBC dan natrium karbonat dipanaskan berurutan pada suhu 130oC diawal proses untuk mengeluarkan kandungan airnya, dilanjutkan penambahan sebagain dari kebutuhan urea sedikit demi sedikit. Suhu  dinaikkan menjadi 140 oC dan dipertahankan selama 1,5 jam sementara ini sisa urea juga ditambahkan TCB dapat melarutkan urea namun tidak melarutkan natrium karbonat. Selanjutnya suhu reaksi divariasikan ke 140o sampai 200o C pada tekanan atmosfer, waktu 2,5 jam. Dengan menggunakan rasio mol urea terhadap natrium karbonat 2/1 dan rasio berat TCB terhadap urea 5/1, pada suhu 200o C hasil natrium sianat yang didapat tertinggi adalah 93,4 % berat. Proses berlangsung dalam campuran yang heterogen, melibatkan perpindahan massa urea ke permukaan natrium karbonat. Produk natrium sianat yang padat diperkirakan tetumpuk dipermukaan partikel natrium karbonat yang belum bereaksi. shrinking unreacted core model telah digunakan untuk membuat model simulai sintesa natrium sianat ini. Hasil perhitungan simulasi telah memberikankecocokan dengan hasil eksperimen, sebagaimana ditunjukkan dalam kurva hasil eksperimen dan hasil perhitungan simulasinya.
CHARACTERISATION OF SOLID AND LIQUID PINEAPPLE WASTE
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah , Mat Hanafi
Published: November 2017

The pineapple waste is contain high concentration of biodegradable organic material and suspended solid. As a result it has a high BOD and extremes of pH conditions. The pineapple wastes juice contains mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose and other nutrients. The characterisation this waste is needed to reduce it by  recycling to get raw material or  for  conversion into useful product of higher value added products such as organic acid, methane , ethanol, SCP and enzyme. Analysis of sugar indicates that liquid waste contains mainly sucrose, glucose and fructose.  The dominant sugar was fructose, glucose and sucrose.  The fructose and glucose levels were similar to each other, with fructose usually slightly higher than glucose. The total sugar and citric acid content were 73.76 and 2.18 g/l. The sugar content in solid waste is glucose and fructose was 8.24 and 12.17 %, no sucrose on this waste
ALGORITMA MODULAR UNTUK SISTEM PROSES DENGAN RECYCLE - KEADAAN TUNAK PADA PERANGKAT LUNAK BEBAS BIAYA LISENSI
Authors: Sasongko Setia Budi
Published: November 2017

Computer simulasion can be developed to comprehend a system process characteristic and can be used to train the operator of process. The first problem of programming is high price of the licence. Using the FOC (free of charge) software solve of the previous problem such as Scilab and Open Office which comparable with Matlab and Excel. The objectives of this article develop process system programming which has recycle system and user friendly programming. Modular algorithm programming is introduced to solve recycle process system. Graphical User Interface (GUI) also introduces to make user friendly programming. Execution of the program performs stable and correct results.
KINETIKA REAKSI OKSIDASI KATALITIK FERO SULFAT DARI LIMBAH BESI DALAM REAKTOR LULUHAN
Authors: Sulistyo Hary , Fadjri Muhammad , Nuryoto Nuryoto
Published: November 2017

Limbah besi yang berupa serbuk direaksikan dengan asam sulfat membentuk larutan fero sulfat. Larutan fero sulfat dapat dioksidasi menjadi feri sulfat. Oksidasi dijalankan dalam reaktor drift pada tekanan dan suhu tetap. Percobaan dilakukan pada kisaran suhu 323K sampai 353K dan konsentrasi katalisator dari 1,7 sampai 6,7 g/L, waktu reaksi 150 menit pada tekanan atmosferis. Nilai konversi tertinggi fero sulfat menjadi feri sulfat yang diperoleh 39,5%. Nilai koefisien perpindahan massa gas ke cairan dan cairan ke permukaan padatan berturut-turut 37,18 cm/s dan 180 cm/s. Hubungan antara konstante kecepatan reaksi permukaan dengan suhu dapat dinyatakan dalam bentuk persamaan Arrhenius, k = 2,8092x107exp(-8794/RT). Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh sesuai dengan data di pustaka dan kinetika reaksi ditentukan oleh gabungan antara perpindahan massa gas ke cairan dan reaksi pada permukaan katalisator.
SIMULASI REAKSI ESTERIFIKASI ASAM LEMAK BEBAS DAN GLISEROL UNTUK MENGHASILKAN MINYAK DIASILGLISEROL
Authors: Hermansyah Heri , Utami Tani Surya , Arbiyanti Rita , Achmadi Fajar
Published: November 2017

Minyak yang memiliki kandungan diasilgliserol yang tinggi merupakan minyak yang berguna dalam mencegah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh kadar lemak dalam darah serta dapat mengurangi resiko obesitas. Sintesis DAG pada skala industri telah dilakukan melalui esterifikasi asam lemak bebas dengan gliserol menggunakan biokatalis. Untuk lebih memahami perilaku reaksi sintesis DAG, dilakukan simulasi berdasarkan model yang mengacu pada mekanisme reaksi yang diusulkan. Model kemudian divalidasi menggunakan data eksperimen sebelum dilakukan simulasi. Pengaruh rasio konsentrasi awal reaktan terhadap yield maksimum DAG, konversi masing-masing reaktan, serta profil konsentrasi substrat sebagai fungsi waktu diamati, hasilnya menunjukkan rasio konsentrasi awal asam lemak dan gliserol sebesar 2:1 sebagai rasio konsentrasi awal reaktan untuk memperoleh hasil optimum.
KINETIKA REAKSI PADA PROSES PRODUKSI DIETIL ETER DARI ETANOL DENGAN KATALIS H-ZEOLIT
Authors: Widayat Widayat , Roesyadi Achmad , Rachimoellah Muhammad
Published: November 2017

DiEtil Eter diproduksi dari etanol dengan proses dehidrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmempelajari kinetika reaksi proses dehidrasi etanol dengan katalis H-zeolit. Katalis H-zeolitdisintesis dengan proses dealuminasi dan kalsinasi dan impregnasi dengan logam Al dan prosesreduksi dan kalsinasi. Proses produksi DiEtil Eter dilaksanakan dengan proses adsorpsi dan reaksikatalitik sedangkan proses studi kinetika reaksi menggunakan pendekatan Langmuir-Hinshelwood.Proses analisis kinetika reaksi menggunakan perangkat lunak MATLAB. Model kinetika reaksi prosesdehidrasi etanol menjadi DiEtil Eter dan etilen dengan katalis H-zeolit pada konsentrasi umpanetanol 85-95% dan rentang temperatur 140-240oC, dimana reaksi permukaan yang mengontrol reaksiglobal adalahDiEthyl Ether is produced by using ethanol dehydrationprocess. The objective of this research was to study the reaction kinetic of ethanol dehydrationprocess by H-zeolite catalyst from natural zeolite. The H-zeolite catalyst was prepared bydealumination, calcination, impregnation with Al and reduction processes. DiEthyl Ether productionwas produced by using adsorption-catalytic reaction. The kinetic study was did with MATLABsoftware. Kinetic model of ethanol dehydration processes into DiEthyl Ether and ethylene with Hzeolitecatalyst and ethanol feed concentration among 85-95% and temperature between 140-240oCunder surface reaction is shown by
APPLICATION OF PHYTOREMEDIATION FOR HERBAL MEDICINE WASTE AND ITS UTILIZATION FOR PROTEIN PRODUCTION
Authors: Soetrisnanto Danny , Christwardana Marcelinus , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Published: November 2017

Herbal industry in Indonesia is progressing very rapidly. Increasing number of herbal medicineindustries lead to an increase of the waste which are normally processed in anaerobic ponds by usingchemical and biological process. However this process are not economical feasible and therefore analternative method by using natural resource is required. Phytoremediation is an environmentalfriendly method to reduce contaminant using aquatic plant. This method uses water plant to reduceCOD and nutrients content in the waste. Since the waste still high content of nutrient, therefore it ispotential for medium growth of algae Spirulina. This study was aimed to evaluate the use of variousplant species (water hyacinth and lotus) in decreasing contaminant and to determine optimal nutrientcomposition of the growth media. The phytoremediation was performed in 3-8 days and height ofliquid in the tank was maintained constant at 5 cm. The effluent of first phytoremediation wastransferred to second stage for cultivation of Spirulina with 15 days of cultivation time. The externalnutrients were added each 2 days and the concentration of biomass was measured for its opticaldensity. Spirulina grow well in herbal medicine waste that has been phytoremediation with lotus for 3days and had a CNP ratio amounted to 57.790 : 9.281 : 1 with a growth rate of 0.271/day. Industri obat di Indonesia tumbuh sangat cepat. Pertumbuhan inimengakibatkan meningkatnya limbah yang umumnya dilakukan dalam kolam anaerobik denganmenggunakan proses kimia dan biologi. Namun demikian, proses tersebut belum menunjukkan hasilekonomis sehingga diperlukan metode lain yang relatif aman dan ekonomis. Salah satu cara yangdapat digunakan adalah phytoremediasi mengguanakn tanaman air untuk mengurangi kandunganCOD dalam limbah dan nutrient. Dikarenakan limbah masih mengandung nutrient yang cukup banyak,maka limbah tersebut juga sangat potensial untuk digunakan sebagai medium mikroalga. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan tanaman air (enceng gondok dan teratai) untukmereduksi kontaminan dalam limbah obat jamu. Phytoremediasi dilakukan selama 4-8 hari dan tinggicairan dalam reaktor dijaga pada 5 cm. Keluaran dari phytoremediasi pertama menggunakantanaman air digunakan sebagai medium di phytoremediasi menggunakan mikroalga Spirulina. Untukmendapakan pertumbuhan yang optimum, maka ditambahakan juga nutrient dan menunjukkan bahwaSpirulina tumbuh dengan sangat baik dalam medium ini. Pertumbuhan terbaik diperoleh dariphytoremediasi menggunakan teratai selama 3 hari dan kecepatan pertumbuhan 0,271/hari denganperbandingan C:N:P = 57,790:9,28:1.
THE DETERMINATION OF SALINITY AND NUTRITION (NaH2PO4) PROFILE IN Nannochloropsis oculata CULTIVATION TO GAIN MAXIMUM LIPID
Authors: Purba Elida , Siburian Kenjiro
Published: November 2017

The determination of salinity and nutrition (NaH2PO4) profile in Nannochloropsis oculata cultivationto gain maximum lipid was investigated. The purpose of this research was to determine the optimumsalinity and nutrition (NaH2PO4) to gain maximum lipid in Nannochloropsis oculata. Phosphor canbe obtained by adding NaH2PO4 and a salinity enhancement can be applied by adding NaCl to theculture. This research was run by matching each variable of salinity (33, 34, 35, and 36 ppt) to eachvariable of NaH2PO4 (5, 10 and 15 ppm) randomly. The results show that the percentage of maximumlipid in Nannochloropsis oculata was obtained at 35 ppt and 5 ppm NaH2PO4 (37.68 %). Neverthelessthe maximum lipid percentage is low and it can be caused by some factors, such as the dryingtemperature for preparing the dry microalgae to extract, the cell disruption method and the extractionsolvent used. By seeing the results, salinity can affect the total lipid in Nannochloropsis oculata. Thegreater the salinity in culture the greater the lipid content in Nannochloropsis oculata. Otherwise adifferent response was obtained by adding NaH2PO4. If NaH2PO4 concentration is greater, the lipidcontained Nannochloropsis oculata will be lower Penentuan profilsalinitas dan nutrisi (NaH2PO4) pada pembiakan Nannochloropsis oculata untuk memperoleh lipidmaksimum diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan salinitas dan nutrisi (NaH2PO4)optimum untuk memperoleh lipid maksimum pada Nannochloropsis oculata. Fosfor dapat diperolehdengan menambahkan NaH2PO4 pada kultur dan peningkatan salinitas dapat dilakukan denganmenambahkan NaCl pada kultur. Penelitian ini dijalankan dengan mencocokkan setiap variabelsalinitas (33, 34, 35, dan 36 ppt) dengan setiap variabel NaH2PO4 (5, 10 dan 15 ppm) secara acak.Hasil menunjukkan bahwa persentase lipid maksimum pada Nannochloropsis oculata diperoleh padasalinitas 35 ppt dan 5 ppm NaH2PO4 (37,68 %). Walaupun demikian, persentase lipid maksimummasih tergolong rendah dan hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, seperti temperaturpengeringan yang diterapkan, metode cell disruption dan pelarut ekstraksi yang digunakan. Denganmempelajari hasil yang telah didapat, salinitas dapat mempengaruhi lipid total padaNannochloropsis oculata. Semakin tinggi salinitas pada biakan, semakin tinggi kandungan lipid padaNannochloropsis oculata. Sebaliknya didapatkan respon yang berbeda saat menambahkan NaH2PO4.Apabila konsentrasi NaH2PO4 semakin tinggi, maka lipid yang terkandung pada Nannochloropsisoculata akan menjadi lebih rendah.
PENINGKATAN KECERAHAN PADA PROSES SINTESIS SURFAKTAN NONIONIK ALKIL POLIGLIKOSIDA (APG) BERBASIS TAPIOKA DAN DODEKANOL
Authors: Bastian Februadi , Suryani Ani , Sunarti Titi Candra
Published: November 2017

Alkylpolyglycosides (APG) is a nonionic surfactant that has been getting some green labels such asEcocert, EU Eco-flower and Green Seal as an environmentally friendly surfactant. Sugar is the mainraw material which is supplied the hydrophilic group, and fatty alcohol as hydrophobic group. Someundesirable compounds formed during the APG production and caused low quality. The aim of thisresearch to increase the quality and performance of APG, by controlling its process. Addition 0-10%of activated carbon and 0-0.3% of NaBH4 in APG pre-purification process; 2% (w/w) of H2O2, 35%and 500 ppm of MgO in the bleaching process were examined to process high quality and highperformance of APG. The best APG was obtained from purification step by addition 0% of activatedcarbon and 0.2% of NaBH4, with the characteristics of clarity of 59.02(%T); the ability to reducesurface and interfacial tensions at 1% concentration were 61.94% and 95.6% respectively; 81.71%of stability of emulsion, 62.5% of foam height and stable up to 315 minutes. Alkil Poliglikosida (APG) merupakan surfaktan nonionic yang telah mendapatkan beberapa greenlabel seperti Ecocert, EU Eco-flower Green Seal dan sebagainya sebagai surfaktan yang ramahlingkungan. Bahan dasar APG yaitu gula untuk membentuk gugus hidrofiliknya dan fatty alcoholuntuk membentuk gugus hidrofobiknya. Permasalahan dalam produksi APG adalah timbulnya warnagelap yang tidak dikehendaki yang menyebabkan penurunan mutu APG. Tujuan dari penelitian iniyaitu untuk meningkatkan mutu dan kinerja dari APG. Untuk meningkatkan kecerahan APG, makasebelum dilakukan proses destilasi dilakukan penambahan arang aktif 0-10% serta NaBH4 0-0,3%.Pada proses pemucatan ditambahkan 2% (b/b) H2O2 35% dan MgO 500 ppm. Hasil terbaik yaitupenambahan arang aktif 0% dan NaBH4 0,2% dengan karakteristik kecerahan 59,02(%T);kemampuan menurunkan tegangan permukaan dan antar muka pada konsentrasi 1% sebesar 61,94%dan 95,6%; kestabilan emulsi 81,71%, tinggi busa 62,5% dan umur busa 315 menit.
Bagian Belakang Reaktor No. 17 No. 3 September 2017
Authors: Widayat W
Published: November 2017

berisi tentang indeks penulis, objek dan petunjuk penulisan
Preparing Athletes With Intellectual Disabilities for Powerlifting Meets
Authors: Kozub Francis M. , Reed Joshua D.
Published: November 2017

POWERLIFTING IS A POPULAR LEISURE ACTIVITY AND AN INTERNATIONAL SPORT FOR ELITE LIFTERS FROM ALL BACKGROUNDS. THIS INCLUDES ATHLETES WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES (ID) WHO PARTICIPATE IN SEGREGATED REGIONAL, STATE, NATIONAL, AND INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL OLYMPICS POWERLIFTING EVENTS. FURTHERMORE, INTEGRATED FORMATS SUPPORTED BY VARIOUS STATE POWERLIFTING ORGANIZATIONS ARE ALSO OPEN TO TRAINED POWERLIFTERS WITH ID. TO ASSIST COACHES TRAINING LIFTERS WITH UNIQUE NEEDS, THIS ARTICLE PROVIDES EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICES FROM ADAPTED PHYSICAL EDUCATION. THE RECOMMENDED TRAINING INCLUDES COMBINING TASK ANALYSIS, PROMPTING, AND PARTIAL PARTICIPATION WITH A SPECIFIC FOCUS ON SAFE AND SUCCESSFUL MEET PREPARATION FOR LIFTERS WITH ID. FOR A VIDEO ABSTRACT OF THIS ARTICLE, SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1 (SEE VIDEO, HTTP://LINKS.LWW.COM/SCJ/A219) CAN BE REFERRED.
PAISAGEM COMO CATEGORIA ARTICULADORA AO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA: PROVOCAÇÕES TEÓRICO-METODOLÓGICAS / LANDSCAPE AS MANAGING CATEGORY TO GEOGRAPHY LEARNING: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL STIMULATIONS
Authors: Martinez Cesar Augusto Ferrari
Published: November 2017

Este artigo busca fomentar teórica e metodologicamente o uso da paisagem no ensino de geografia. Parte-se da paisagem como conceito e como ela articula não somente uma leitura do espaço, mas leituras da nossa relação e dos nossos corpos nesses espaços. Para isso vale-se de trechos de músicas e de poemas de artistas nordestinos como Belchior, João Cabral de Melo Neto e Caetano Veloso, para enriquecer o manancial de recursos didático utilizados pelos professores. Finalmente, propõe três atividades como exemplo do uso de paisagem: painelismo didático, ressignificação das toponímias urbanas e produção de paisagens sonoras. Conclui-se que o conhecimento e a análise de paisagens que representem diferentes modos de vida contribui a problematizar o seu próprio, reforçando uma diversidade que também tem caráter político.ABSTRACTThis article aims to promote theoretically and methodologically the use of the category of landscape for geography learning. It points out landscape as a concept and how it articulates not only a reading of space, but readings of our bodies in these spaces. To do so, excerpts of songs and poems composed by Brazilian artists such as Belchior, João Cabral de Melo Neto and Caetano Veloso are used to enrich didactic resources by teachers. Finally, it proposes three activities as examples of landscape usage: didactic panels, re-signification of urban toponymy and production of sound landscapes. Conclusion asserts that when students learn and investigate landscapes that represent different ways of life, it contributes to problematize their own, emphasizing a diversity that has political meaning.Keywords: Landscape; Geography learning; Teaching methodologies; Preservice teachers.
Apresentação
Authors: Martinez César Augusto Ferrari , Kaercher Nestor André , Menezes Sônia De Souza Mendonça
Published: November 2017

Apresentação do Volume 03, Número 02 da Revista Geographia Meridionalis, dedicada ao Ensino de Geografia.
Zimmermann o intencionalnosti
Authors: Hanžek Ljudevit
Published: November 2017

Zimmermann intencionalnost shvaća kao esencijalnu relacionalnost, tj. odnos mentalnoga stanja prema predmetu. Makar ne zastupa tezu o intencionalnosti kao oznaci mentalnoga, tvrdi da je intencionalnost prikladan kriterij za klasifikaciju mentalnih stanja u međusobno isključive kategorije. Suprotno tim izjavama, ne čini se da je pojam intencionalnosti u njegovim djelima posve jasan, niti da ima eksplanatornu ulogu koju mu je Zimmermann namijenio. Zimmermann se pri klasifikaciji mentalnih stanja češće poziva na razliku između osjetnih i duhovnih, za koju često iznosi i detaljne argumente. U ovom radu iznosim probleme s Zimmermannovim shvaćanjem intencionalnosti, te pojašnjavam alternativnu podjelu mentalnih stanja koju se u njegovim djelima može pronaći. Ključni dio argumenata u prilog toj alternativnoj podjeli Zimmermannovo je inzistiranje na postojanju fiziološki neuvjetovanih momenata u ljudskoj spoznaji, a glavni su primjeri skolastički shvaćena apstrakcija i relativno opažanje. Analizom tih primjera pokazuje se da su višestruko problematični, te da ne pružaju adekvatnu potporu značajnim tezama koje Zimmermann na njima temelji.
Adolescenti i školski stres
Authors: Rukavina Maja , Nikčević-Milković Anela
Published: November 2017

Najčešći izvori stresa kod adolescenata vezani su uz školu, sukob s roditeljima i prijatelje. Cilj je ovog rada iznošenje pregleda literature i istraživanja koji se bave ispitivanjem školskog stresa adolescenata. U svrhu rasvjetljavanja problematike školskog stresa adolescenata iznesen je prikaz uzroka pojave školskog stresa, strategije suočavanja adolescenata sa stresom, te uloga preventivnih programa kao jednog od efikasnijih načina suočavanja i umanjivanja određenih rizičnih čimbenika u školi. Na temelju analize dostupnih istraživanja proizlazi da bez obzira na dobne i rodne razlike od svih izvora stresa negativna ocjena ili ocjena lošija od očekivane, predstavlja specifičan i najčešći izvor stresa koji se javlja kod adolescenata te da postoji razlika u percepciji stresa na način da se mijenjaju prioriteti i izvori stresa kod adolescenata u srednjoj školi u odnosu na adolescente u osnovnoj školi. Upravo ovi izvori stresa uvjetuju brojne psihosomatske poremećaje i/ili emocionalne reakcije kod adolescenata, zbog čega školski stres predstavlja ozbiljan problem. Jedan od efikasnijih načina suočavanja i umanjivanja određenih rizičnih čimbenika u školi je izrada i provođenje preventivnih programa. Isto tako, kvaliteta odnosa koju nastavnik uspostavlja s adolescentom osobito je značajna u smanjivanju negativnog utjecaja školskog stresa na adolescente, kao i postizanju efikasnih uvjeta učenja i poučavanja.
Odgoj u školi
Authors: Miočić Marijana
Published: November 2017

Odgoj u školiSiniša Opić , Vesna Bilić , Marko JurčićUčiteljski fakultet Zagreb, 2015., 303 str.Učiteljski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu 2015. godine objavljuje znanstvenu monografiju Odgoj u školi čiji su urednici i autori poglavlja, između ostalih osmero, Siniša Opić, Vesna Bilić te Marko Jurčić. Monografija, koju čine 303 stranice, podijeljena je na uvod i jedanaest poglavlja od kojih su dva, autorica Milene Valenčić Zuljan, Vanje Kiswarday te Jurke Lepičnik Vodopivec, pisana na engleskom jeziku. Sažetci poglavlja (devet) pisani su na hrvatskom i na engleskom jeziku. Odgoj u školi monografija je u kojoj jedanaest autora iz Hrvatske i Slovenije iznose svoja promišljanja o važnosti i ulozi odgoja u školi s različitih aspekata.
The Teacher Wars: A History of America’s Most Embattled Profession
Authors: Perić Ines
Published: November 2017

The Teacher Wars: A History of America’s Most Embattled ProfessionDana GoldsteinNew York: Doubleday, 2014, 349 p.Dana Goldstein je novinarka i spisateljica te dobitnica nekoliko cijenjenih stipendija na području novinarstva. Piše o obrazovanju, ženskim pitanjima, nejednakosti i kaznenom pravosuđu. Njena knjiga „The Teacher Wars“ u kojoj pokriva 175 godina povijesti američkog školstva postala je bestseler New York Timesa što je učinilo Goldstein jednom od najcjenjenijih mladih novinarki u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama. Knjiga je podijeljena na uvod, deset poglavlja, epilog, zahvalu, bilješke, odabranu bibliografiju i indeks. Više od petsto primarnih i sekundarnih izvora koje je autorica koristila navedeno je u bilješkama, dok u odabranoj bibliografiji donosi, organizirane prema temi, samo one izvore koje je najviše upotrebljavala što daje vrijedan pregled literature iz ovog područja. U sredini knjige nalaze se i fotografije povijesnih ličnosti i događaja čiju ulogu u razvoju američkog školstva Goldstein opisuje.
Association between monoallelic TSHR mutations and congenital hypothyroidism: a statistical approach
Authors: Abe Kiyomi , Narumi Satoshi , Suwanai Ayuko S. , Adachi Masanori , Muroya Koji , Asakura Yumi , Nagasaki Keisuke , Abe Takayuki , Hasegawa Tomonobu
Published: November 2017

Objective

Biallelic TSHR mutations cause congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Serum TSH levels of monoallelic mutation carriers range from normal to mildly elevated, and thus the size of its effect remains unclear. The objectives were to examine the association between monoallelic TSHR mutations and positivity at newborn screening (NBS) for CH, and to test whether the association was modified by another genetic factor.

Subjects and methods

We enrolled 395 patients that had a positive result in NBS and sequenced TSHR. Monoallelic TSHR mutation carriers were further sequenced for DUOX2. Molecular functions of the mutations were verified in vitro. The frequency of the mutations in the study subjects was compared with a theoretical value in the Japanese general population. Odds ratio (OR) for NBS positivity associated with the mutation was calculated. Using Bayes’ theorem, we estimated a posterior probability of NBS positivity given the mutation.

Results

Twenty-six monoallelic TSHR mutation carriers were found. Four out of the 26 also had a monoallelic DUOX2 mutation (double heterozygotes). The frequencies of monoallelic TSHR mutation carriers (6.6%) and double heterozygotes (1.0%) were significantly higher than those in the general population (0.58% and 0.0087%, respectively). OR for NBS positivity of having a monoallelic TSHR mutation or being a double heterozygote was 12.0 or 117.9, respectively. Posterior probability of NBS positivity was 0.38% in monoallelic TSHR mutation carriers and 3.8% in double heterozygotes.

Conclusions

Monoallelic TSHR mutations are significantly associated with NBS positivity, and the association is further strengthened by the coexistence of monoallelic DUOX2 mutations.
Cell Biology of the Mitochondrion
Authors: van der Bliek Alexander M , Sedensky Margaret M , Morgan Phil G
Published: November 2017

Mitochondria are best known for harboring pathways involved in ATP synthesis through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Major advances in understanding these roles were made with Caenorhabditiselegans mutants affecting key components of the metabolic pathways. These mutants have not only helped elucidate some of the intricacies of metabolism pathways, but they have also served as jumping off points for pharmacology, toxicology, and aging studies. The field of mitochondria research has also undergone a renaissance, with the increased appreciation of the role of mitochondria in cell processes other than energy production. Here, we focus on discoveries that were made using C. elegans, with a few excursions into areas that were studied more thoroughly in other organisms, like mitochondrial protein import in yeast. Advances in mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane dynamics were made through the discoveries of novel functions in mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins. Some of these functions were only apparent through the use of diverse model systems, such as C. elegans. Studies of stress responses, exemplified by mitophagy and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, have also benefitted greatly from the use of model organisms. Recent developments include the discoveries in C. elegans of cell autonomous and nonautonomous pathways controlling the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, as well as mechanisms for degradation of paternal mitochondria after fertilization. The evolutionary conservation of many, if not all, of these pathways ensures that results obtained with C. elegans are equally applicable to studies of human mitochondria in health and disease.
KEY FACTORS OF NON-PERFORMING LOANS IN BALTIC AND SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES: LESSONS LEARNED IN THE LAST DECADE
Authors: Kupčinskas Kazys , Paškevičius Arvydas
Published: November 2017

A cross-country panel data regression was performed for non-performing loans (NPL) in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania and Sweden covering a period of years 1998-2014. The main objective was to determine the major factors that were driving the NPL in the selected countries. Also, we expected to draw the differences in the banking industry between emerging economies in the Baltic countries and Western economies in the Scandinavian region. The selected variables were banking industry-related (net interest margin, ROA, ROE) and macroeconomic variables (GDP growth, RE prices, Unemployment), of which the majority is included as the Financial Soundness Indicators by the IMF. Key findings of the research show that NPL in both regions were mostly dependent on GDP growth and Unemployment, whereas the banking industry variable ROA had a very moderate effect only on a country level. The research is contributing to a better understanding of financial stability in the banking industry during the last decade, and it may have possible implications for the macroprudential policy.