bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transición Energética Alemana ¿“Camino verde”?.
Authors: Amirov-Belova Dmitri
Published: January 2022

La política energética alemana de Angela Merkel durante la década de 2010, ha estado marcada por la acelerada implantación del plan para la transición energética (“Energiewende”), a raíz, sobre todo, de la crisis de Fukushima de 2011. Esta revolución del sector en el país, especialmente en lo referente al peso de la energía nuclear, ya que la misma se ha visto afectada por unas agresivas políticas de desnuclearización, es una de las banderas principales del programa. El plan ha implicado una agresiva desnuclearización a raíz de la crisis de Fukushima de 2011, quedando Alemania en la tesitura de sustituir una fuente de energía relativamente limpia por otras más contaminantes como el lignito y el gas natural, para compensar las disfunciones de las energías renovables, resultando en una paradoja dada la naturaleza “verde” del plan. Este artículo analiza el cambio en fuentes de energía, los impactos económicos privados, y de emisiones de carbono de la “Energiewende” de 2010 a 2020.
Comparative Analysis of Entrepreneurial Innovation Factors in 25 National States.
Authors: Lungu Anca-Elena
Published: January 2022

At the base of entrepreneurship lies the challenge that individuals with entrepreneurial skills (entrepreneurs) must accept at the outset in an increasingly dynamic environment dominated by uncertainty. Innovation and the innovative process have to be constant in entrepreneurial actions. Building on this hypothesis, one cannot ignore the essentiality of the entrepreneur’s adaptability to market requirements and demands. The assumption of risks and uncertainty evidently generates a motivation at an individual level in entrepreneur-actors. Action in a dynamic environment leads to the urgent necessity of adopting new technologies in business. From the perspective of implementing and using innovation, this study uses quantitative methods to illustrate the challenges related to innovation in the business environment. Our sample comprises 25 national states, selected according to their rank on the Global Entrepreneurship Index. Taking as a starting point the influence exerted by innovation and the innovative process within companies, we identify certain elements that justify the development level of entrepreneurship. Using Principal Component Analysis, we confirm that innovation, in its various forms (process, product, etc.); can significantly affect discrepancies among the countries. The three factorial axes resulting from the analysis of the main components (competition, product innovation and process innovation) explain the positioning of States on either side of the international hierarchy.
El Género del Racismo Tardomoderno en 100 Series Animadas.
Authors: Mancilla-Valdez Esmeralda
Published: January 2022

Este artículo revela resultados cuantitativos y cualitativos sobre modernidad/tardomodernidad en las representaciones de raza y raza-género de personajes víctimas de violencia en 100 series de dibujos animados representativas del 33.22% de productos de TV y 54.34% de dibujos animados, consumidos por niños(as) de 7-15 años de edad en México. La metodología utilizada fue análisis de contenido y análisis correlacional de cinco categorías: Raza y Género de 1,081 personajes; y Tipos, Subtipos y Naturaleza de la violencia que estos reciben. Los resultados revelan que son personajes de raza blanca/caucásica (42.87%) y raza blanca/caucásica & género masculino (27.68%) los grupos que reciben mayor porcentaje de violencia. Se concluye que racismo tardomoderno significa que las representaciones de raza y raza-género en la muestra, producen diferenciación y jerarquización racial que inferioriza a los grupos de raza caucásica y raza caucásica – género masculino, al representar a estos grupos (de superioridad biopolítica del sujeto social en la modernidad) en mayor porcentaje como víctimas (receptores de violencia).
Mexicanos deportados de Estados Unidos de América a Chihuahua, México.
Authors: Martínez-Montoya Hugo
Published: January 2022

El artículo aborda el proceso migratorio que experimenta la persona mexicana cuando es deportada de los Estados Unidos de América a la Frontera Norte de Chihuahua, México. Por ello, se busca hacer visibles las deficiencias de la administración pública mexicana en el proceso de deportación-reintegración. En tal sentido, se buscó obtener información sobre la operación del Programa Somos Mexicanos, política migratoria mexicana conducida por el Instituto Nacional de Migración. No obstante, para lograr una comprensión más integral se realizó un acercamiento con las personas en el contexto de la migración internacional México-Estados Unidos y de retorno Estados Unidos-México, adicionando las aportaciones de servidores públicos encargados de proporcionar a los migrantes los servicios que tienen disponibles las instituciones y dependencias mexicanas. Además de incluir una breve descripción de la institución del ombudsman migratorio estadounidense. De lo obtenido, figura un estado de indefensión y una falta de protección por parte de las autoridades mexicanas, quienes resultan incapaces de garantizarles a sus connacionales un proceso de reintegración en un país con oportunidades de desarrollo y seguridad.
Solving the Distance-Based Critical Node Problem
Authors: Salemi Hosseinali , Buchanan Austin
Published: January 2022

In critical node problems, the task is to identify a small subset of so-called critical nodes whose deletion maximally degrades a network’s “connectivity” (however that is measured). Problems of this type have been widely studied, for example, for limiting the spread of infectious diseases. However, existing approaches for solving them have typically been limited to networks having fewer than 1,000 nodes. In this paper, we consider a variant of this problem in which the task is to delete b nodes so as to minimize the number of node pairs that remain connected by a path of length at most k. With the techniques developed in this paper, instances with up to 17,000 nodes can be solved exactly. We introduce two integer programming formulations for this problem (thin and path-like) and compare them with an existing recursive formulation. Although the thin formulation generally has an exponential number of constraints, it admits an efficient separation routine. Also helpful is a new, more general preprocessing procedure that, on average, fixes three times as many variables than before.

Summary of Contribution: In this paper, we consider a distance-based variant of the critical node problem in which the task is to delete b nodes so as to minimize the number of node pairs that remain connected by a path of length at most k. This problem is motivated by applications in social networks, telecommunications, and transportation networks. In our paper, we aim to solve large-scale instances of this problem. Standard out-of-the-box approaches are unable to solve such instances, requiring new integer programming models, methodological contributions, and other computational insights. For example, we propose an algorithm for finding a maximum independent set of simplicial nodes that runs in time O(nm) that we use in a preprocessing procedure; we also prove that the separation problem associated with one of our integer programming models is NP-hard. We apply our branch-and-cut implementation to real-life networks from a variety of domains and observe speedups over previous approaches.
Budget-Feasible Mechanism Design for Non-monotone Submodular Objectives: Offline and Online
Authors: Amanatidis Georgios , Kleer Pieter , Schäfer Guido
Published: January 2022

The framework of budget-feasible mechanism design studies procurement auctions where the auctioneer (buyer) aims to maximize his valuation function subject to a hard budget constraint. We study the problem of designing truthful mechanisms that have good approximation guarantees and never pay the participating agents (sellers) more than the budget. We focus on the case of general (non-monotone) submodular valuation functions and derive the first truthful, budget-feasible, and O(1)-approximation mechanisms that run in polynomial time in the value query model, for both offline and online auctions. Prior to our work, the only O(1)-approximation mechanism known for non-monotone submodular objectives required an exponential number of value queries. At the heart of our approach lies a novel greedy algorithm for non-monotone submodular maximization under a knapsack constraint. Our algorithm builds two candidate solutions simultaneously (to achieve a good approximation), yet ensures that agents cannot jump from one solution to the other (to implicitly enforce truthfulness). The fact that in our mechanism the agents are not ordered according to their marginal value per cost allows us to appropriately adapt these ideas to the online setting as well. To further illustrate the applicability of our approach, we also consider the case where additional feasibility constraints are present, for example, at most k agents can be selected. We obtain O(p)-approximation mechanisms for both monotone and non-monotone submodular objectives, when the feasible solutions are independent sets of a p-system. With the exception of additive valuation functions, no mechanisms were known for this setting prior to our work. Finally, we provide lower bounds suggesting that, when one cares about nontrivial approximation guarantees in polynomial time, our results are, asymptotically, the best possible.
Competition Between Hospitals Under Bundled Payments and Fee-for-Service: An Equilibrium Analysis of Insurer’s Choice
Authors: Han Zheng , Arikan Mazhar , Mallik Suman
Published: January 2022

Problem definition: We consider the quality competition between two hospitals under the plan of one insurer. The insurer aims to maximize the overall achievable quality in the system by selecting either the fee-for-service (FFS) or the bundled payment (BP) scheme to compensate each hospital. The demand, the costs, and the probability of successfully treating patients depend on a hospital’s chosen quality. Under such a setting, we use game theoretic models to study the choice of insurer and the impact of payment schemes on the equilibrium qualities of hospitals. Our models seek answers to the following questions. Is BP (FFS) payment scheme always associated with high (low) equilibrium quality? What factors affect the equilibrium qualities of competing hospitals and the choice of the insurer and how? Academic/practical relevance: Competing hospitals under same or different payment models from an insurer is rather common for healthcare delivery in the United States. However, there is a lack of understanding about the impact of payment schemes on quality outcomes from both the hospital’s and the insurer’s perspective. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first paper to incorporate competition and the insurer’s perspective to study the impact of different payment models on quality. Methodology: Game theory, equilibrium analysis. Results: We show that BP (FFS) is not always associated with high (low) equilibrium quality and that the equilibrium qualities of the two hospitals are strategic complements. We characterize when the insurer might assign the BP to both hospitals, the FFS to both hospitals, or the BP to one and the FFS to the other hospital. Managerial implications: Our findings provide prescriptive guidelines to an insurer choosing payment models. We also show that a specific quality outcome is achievable not by choosing any payment model but by a careful design of its parameters. Our numerical studies show that hospital readmission reduction initiatives are most effective when run in conjunction with cost reduction initiatives.
Acute urinary retention
Authors: Mavrotas Jason , Gandhi Akash , Kalogianni Vasiliki , Patel Vikash , Batura Deepak
Published: January 2022

Acute urinary retention is a common clinical presentation in emergency departments in the UK and is responsible for over 30 000 hospital admissions annually. Awareness of the latest advice and guidelines regarding its presentation, investigation and management is paramount to improve patient outcomes and reduce morbidity. Immediate management of acute urinary retention relies on timely bladder decompression by catheterisation. Knowledge of the routes and types of catheterisation, including the associated risks, complications and contraindications, is essential to allow rapid and early intervention, thus preventing further complications. Differences in the presentation of patients with acute urinary retention reflect varying aetiologies, the knowledge of which determines long-term management and prognosis.
A trainee's clinical perspective on the Enhancing Junior Doctors' Working Lives report
Authors: Stamp Gregory FW
Published: January 2022

This editorial discusses the ‘Enhancing Junior Doctors' Working Lives’ report from Health Education England and emphasises the importance of junior doctors reading it and engaging with the content.
Functional status of community-dwelling older adults after inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Peiris Casey L , Shields Nora , Lowe Anna , Tan Germaine , Taylor Nicholas F
Published: January 2022

Background/aims:

Factors that influence functional ability in older adults after rehabilitation are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate how older people function in their community after being discharged from inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was undertaken of community-dwelling older adults (n=86, 75 ± 6 years) discharged from rehabilitation in the previous 12 months. Basic functional independence was assessed using the Functional Independence Measure and complex functional independence was assessed using the Frenchay Activities Index. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess any association between predetermined factors and function.

Results

Functional Independence Measure scores and physical activity levels after being discharged accounted for 50% of the variance in basic function (R2=0.50, F=40.75, P<0.001). Frenchay Activities Index scores, physical activity, age, sex and migrant status accounted for 68% of variance in complex function (R2=0.68, F=29.75, P<0.001).

Conclusions

Clinicians are encouraged to implement strategies to improve function at discharge from rehabilitation and to promote physical activity among older people at risk of poor function following rehabilitation.
Ten-year results of a prospective cohort of large-head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty
Authors: van Lingen Christiaan P. , Ettema Harmen B. , Bosker Bart H. , Verheyen Cees C. P. M.
Published: January 2022

Aims

Large-diameter metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) has demonstrated unexpected high failure rates and pseudotumour formation. The purpose of this prospective cohort study is to report ten-year results in order to establish revision rate, prevalence of pseudotumour formation, and relation with whole blood cobalt levels.

Methods

All patients were recalled according to the guidelines of the Dutch Orthopaedic Association. They underwent clinical and radiographical assessments (radiograph and CT scan) of the hip prosthesis and whole blood cobalt ion measurements. Overall, 94 patients (95 hips) fulfilled our requirements for a minimum ten-year follow-up.

Results

Mean follow-up was 10.9 years (10 to 12), with a cumulative survival rate of 82.4%. Reason for revision was predominantly pseudotumour formation (68%), apart from loosening, pain, infection, and osteolysis. The prevalence of pseudotumour formation around the prostheses was 41%, while our previous report of this cohort (with a mean follow-up of 3.6 years) revealed a 39% prevalence. The ten-year revision-free survival with pseudotumour was 66.7% and without pseudotumour 92.4% (p < 0.05). There was poor discriminatory ability for cobalt for pseudotumour formation.

Conclusion

This prospective study reports a minimum ten-year follow-up of large-head MoM THA. Revision rates are high, with the main reason being the sequelae of pseudotumour formation, which were rarely observed after five years of implantation. Blood ion measurements show limited discriminatory capacity in diagnosing pseudotumour formation. Our results evidence that an early comprehensive follow-up strategy is essential for MoM THA to promptly identify and manage early complications and revise on time. After ten years follow-up, we do not recommend continuing routine CT scanning or whole cobalt blood measurements, but instead enrolling these patients in routine follow-up protocols for THA. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(1):61–67.
Optical Sensor System for Chemical Flow Rate Monitoring with Direct Nozzle Injection
Authors: Folkerts Chandler , Luck Joe D. , Pitla Santosh Kumar , Ge Yufeng
Published: January 2022

Highlights

A novel optical sensor system was developed to accurately measure simulated chemical (water with dye) flow rates observed with direct nozzle injection systems for agricultural sprayers.

The average error in chemical flow rate estimates was only 2% across a typical range of injection rates.

The prototype optical sensor system was capable of detecting dye dilutions to a level of 1:150,000.

Abstract. Direct injection systems have the potential to provide several benefits to spray applicators (e.g., easing boom cleanout procedures); however, lag time and proper mixing continue to hinder adoption. Development efforts have typically focused on moving the chemical injection point closer to the nozzle to improve the application rate response. This poses an important challenge for proper metering of the chemical, i.e., accurate measurement of extremely low chemical flow rates. In this study, an optical sensor system was integrated with a typical carrier flowmeter and calibration methodology to measure chemical flow rates for a direct nozzle injection sprayer. The optical sensor used a light-emitting diode (LED) and photodiode pair to measure the absorbance of a dye mixed with a simulated chemical solution. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the measurement accuracy of the system in which sensor output was compared directly to measurements from a spectrophotometer. Results indicated that the calibrated sensor system was able to estimate the simulated chemical flow rate with an average error of 2%. The sensor system was also capable of accurate measurements as the initial concentrations of dye mixed with the chemical solution varied. Keywords: Application equipment, Pesticides, Sprayers, Spraying equipment.
Role of the acousto-optic coupling in a step-index large effective-area fiber with intramodal Brillouin scattering
Authors: Zhu Han , Chen Shuo , Tian Huiping
Published: January 2022

We study the acousto-optic interaction in a step-index large effective-area fiber only containing intramodal Brillouin scattering and find the number and value of Brillouin peaks depends on the acousto-optic coupling coefficients. Experiments verifies the conclusion.
Resource Allocation in Quantum-Key-Distribution-Secured Datacenter Networks with Cloud-Edge Collaboration
Authors: Zhu Qingcheng , Yu Xiaosong , Zhao Yongli , Nag Avishek , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2022

The problem of communication, computation, caching, and cryptographic (4C) resource allocation is first solved in quantum-key-distribution-secured datacenter networks with cloud-edge collaboration. Simulation shows great performances of the proposed solution considering blocking rate and key consumption.
Side Channel Attack-Aware Slice Mapping in 5G RAN
Authors: Liang Zhengyin , Feng Guoli , Li Yajie , Niu Yifan , Zheng Suhao , Zhao Yongli , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2022

A Side Channel Attack(SCA)-aware slicing algorithm is proposed to achieve secure slicing in 5G RAN. Results show that our algorithm can effectively balance the resource utilization and security performance of slices.
Silicon Photonics for Neuromorphic Computing and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Shastri B. J. , Huang C. , Tait A. N. , Prucnal P. R.
Published: January 2022

Neuromorphic photonics exploit optical device physics for neuron models, and optical interconnects for distributed, parallel, and analog processing for high-bandwidth, low-latency and low switching energy applications in artificial intelligence and neuromorphic computing.
Back-propagation neural network assisted photonic real-time Fourier transformation system
Authors: Wang Zihao , Zhu Dan , Hu Xiaopeng , Pan Shilong
Published: January 2022

A photonic real-time Fourier transformation system assisted by back-propagation neural network is proposed. The frequency measurement over 2 to 11 GHz is experimentally achieved. The absolute measurement error is improved from 47.9 to 4.3 MHz. The generalization performance is also proved.
FPGA Implementation of Time-Interleaved Pruning Neural Network Equalizer for Short Reach Optical Interconnects
Authors: Li Mingyuan , Zhang Wenjia , He Zuyuan
Published: January 2022

A time-interleaved parallel pruning neural-network equalizer is proposed and implemented on FPGA for 100-Gbps PAM-4 optical interconnects, demonstrating over 55% and 40% hardware resource reduction for single and 8-channel equalization.
Large-scale optical pulling of cancer cells with counter-propagating beams in the near-infrared-II window
Authors: Ren Yu-Xuan , Yip Gwinky G. K. , Zhou Yi , Tsia Kevin K. , Wong Kenneth K.Y.
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate that the near-infrared light can pull biological cells with weak polarizability owing to the biophotonic nanojet. Counter-propagating beams can exert backaction forces with opposite direction on the biological cells in large-scale.
Adaptive Probabilistic Shaping of PAM-4 using Polar Codes for FSO Communication
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Fang Jiafei , Xiao Shilin , Zheng Lizhuo , Fu Xiangyu , Hu Weisheng
Published: January 2022

An adaptive probabilistic shaping scheme using polar codes is proposed to increase the capacity and combat the fading in FSO system, which outperforms the uniform scheme and PAS-MMB 0.39~0.91dB and 0.10dB respectively in BLER.
Physical-layer Network Coding Based on Precoded OFDM in Relay-assisted Visible Light Communications
Authors: Song Shuhua , Fan Zhaoquan , Wang Geyang , Hu Chengju , Zhao Jian
Published: January 2022

We experimentally demonstrate physical-layer network coding (PNC) based on precoded OFDM in a 2.16-Gbit/s asymmetric two-way-relay VLC network, and show that PNC enables full-duplex transmission with significantly improved performance while OCT-P-OFDM outperforms OFDM and DFT-S-OFDM.
A modified phase diversity algorithm-based adaptive compensation for orbital angular momentum wireless optical communication
Authors: Chang Huan , Gao Ran , Yin Xiaoli , Wang Fei , Zhou Sitong , Zhang Qi , Guo Dong , Wang Fu , Li Zhipei , Xin Xiangjun
Published: January 2022

A modified phase diversity algorithm (MPDA)-based adaptive optics (MPDA-AO) scheme of compensating for the OAM beam is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MPDA-AO technique indeed decontaminates the distorted OAM signaling beam.
Open Packet-Optical Edge Node: State of Art and Challenges [Invited]
Authors: Cugini Filippo , Scano Davide , Giorgetti Alessio , Sgambelluri Andrea , Paolucci Francesco , Castoldi Piero
Published: January 2022

This paper provides an overview of state of art and challenges for open packet-optical node solutions based on SONiC open operating system, coherent pluggable modules and P4-based packet switching programmability for edge networking.
Optimized Design of Metro-Aggregation Networks Exploiting Digital Subcarrier Routing
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad Mohammad , Pedro João , Costa Nelson , Napoli Antonio , Prilepsky Jaroslaw E. , Turitsyn Sergei K.
Published: January 2022

We propose an Integer Linear Programming model for the CAPEX minimization of point-to-multipoint transceivers in mesh networks. The results show cost reduction of up to 40%, along with potential for further cost-savings in router interfaces.
CLONETS-DS - Clock Network Services-Design Study Strategy and Innovation for Clock Services over Optical Fibre
Authors: Vojtĕch Josef , Altmannová Lada , Smotlacha Vladimír , Velc Radek , Vohnout Rudolf , Schnatz Harald , Liebisch Tara Cubel , Capone Vincenzo , Chiotis Tryfon , Roberts Guy , Vicinanza Domenico , Binczewski Artur , Bogacki Wojbor , Turza Krzysztof , Pottie Paul-Eric , Tuckey Philip , Fils Jérôme , Calonico Davide , Curri Vittorio , Holzwarth Ronald , Sprenger Benjamin , Číp Ondřej , Pravdová Lenka , Řeřucha Šimon , Alonso Javier Díaz , Vidal Eduardo Ros , García Trinidad , Rat Benoit , Kodet Jan , Schreiber Ulrich , Kusche Jürgen , Meschede Dieter , Schröder Stefan , Stellmer Simon , Nogas Pawel , Urbaniak Robert , Krehlik Przemysław , Śliwczyński Łukasz , Amy-Klein Anne , Quintin Nicolas , Seeds Alwyn , Desruelle Bruno , Lautier-Gaud Jean , Ménoret Vincent , Rabault Martin
Published: January 2022

Long-distance precise time and ultra-stable frequency transfer methods based on optical fibre have evolved rapidly in recent years, demonstrating excellent performance. CLONETS-DS is a European Union-funded research and innovation action intended to facilitate the vision of a sustainable, pan-European fibre network for time and frequency dissemination.
High-Power and High-Speed Traveling-Wave Photodetectors with Genetic Algorithm Optimization
Authors: Fu Zhilei , Yu Hui , Xia Penghui , Wang Xiaofei , Huang Qikai , Jiang Xiaoqing , Yang Jianyi
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate the 4-stage and 8-stage silicon traveling-wave photodetectors (TWPDs). The 3-dB bandwidth of 4-TWPD is enhanced to 54 GHz. It is the first time the bandwidth of TWPD exceeds that of the PD unit.
Anti-dispersion distributed multi-output microwave photonic phase shifter
Authors: Xue Hanxiao , Yang Jiasi , Bai Yunping , Su Zhonghan , Zheng Zhennan , Gao Xinlu , Huang Shanguo
Published: January 2022

We propose an anti-dispersion distributed multi-output microwave photonic phase shifter for application in large-scale microwave photonic network scenarios. In the experiment, the signals at remote outputs have good coherence.
30 GHz Lithium Niobate Integrated Optoelectronic Oscillator
Authors: Ma Rui , Pan Ying , Cai Xinlun
Published: January 2022

An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) for 30 GHz with discrete components is experimentally demonstrated, and its phase noise is -103 dBc/Hz@10KHz. The phase noise of Lithium Niobate integrated OEO is simulated, which is -115 dBc/Hz@1MHz.
Hyperspectral Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging for Label-free, Non-contact, and Wide-field Monitoring of Tissue Optical Properties and Chromophore Concentrations
Authors: Zhao Yanyu
Published: January 2022

Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) is an emerging technology that enables label-free, non-contact, and wide-field mapping of tissue optical properties, which further allows for quantification of chromophore concentrations including oxy-hemoglobin, deoxy-hemoglobin, water and lipids.
A high-Q, double-arc microcapillary biosensor for DNA detection with high speed, low sample volume
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Lu Yao , Liang Zhongwei , Wan Cheng , Wan Hongdan
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate a label free DNA fiber sensor based on double-arc microcapillary (DAM) with high-Q WGM oscillation. The detection limit of the sensor is <100 pM, the volume of the detection sample is approximately nL.
Attention-Based Neural Network Equalization in Fiber-Optic Communications
Authors: Shahkarami Abtin , Yousefi Mansoor I. , Jaouen Yves
Published: January 2022

An attention mechanism is integrated into neural network-based equalizers to prune the fully-connected output layer. For a 100 GBd 16-QAM 20 x 100 km SMF transmission, this approach reduces the computational complexity by ~15% in a CNN+LSTM model.
Experimental Evaluation of Computational Complexity for Different Neural Network Equalizers in Optical Communications
Authors: Freire Pedro J. , Osadchuk Yevhenii , Napoli Antonio , Spinnler Bernhard , Schairer Wolfgang , Costa Nelson , Prilepsky Jaroslaw E. , Turitsyn Sergei K.
Published: January 2022

Addressing the neural network-based optical channel equalizers, we quantify the trade-off between their performance and complexity by carrying out the comparative analysis of several neural network architectures, presenting the results for TWC and SSMF set-ups.
L-band Amplifier Placement in C+L-band Elastic Optical Networks
Authors: Gu Yu , Li Yongcheng , Guo Ningning , You Xiaodi , Shen Gangxiang
Published: January 2022

To extend a fiber-optic transmission system from traditional C band to C+L band, it is necessary to place L-band optical amplifiers so as to amplify L-band optical signals. We consider three L-band amplifier placement strategies in the context of a C+L-band elastic optical network (EON). Simulations show that the strategies are efficient to trade off spectrum efficiency and system cost.
Direct Demodulation of Differential Phase from Φ-OTDR using Self-Homodyne Phase Diversity Receiver
Authors: Liu Shuaiqi , Yu Feihong , Xu Weijie , Liu Huanhuan , Shum Perry , Vai Mang I , Shao Liyang
Published: January 2022

Differential Phase information of Φ-OTDR signal is directly extracted based on self-homodyning the Rayleigh backscattered light using a 90° optical hybrid receiver. The proposed method offers a cost-effective solution for quantitative distributed vibration sensing with low computation complexity.
An intrusion recognition method based on the combination of One-dimensional CNN and DenseNet with DAS system
Authors: Zhang Shixiong , He Tao , Fan Cunzheng , Li Hao , Yan Zhijun , Liu Deming , Sun Qizhen
Published: January 2022

An intrusion recognition method based on the combination of one-dimensional convolution neural network (1-D CNN) and DenseNet network is proposed and demonstrated. Assisted with fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system, the average recognition accuracy of 98.4% for six types of events and 2ms processing time were achieved in the field test.
Spectral line spacing multiplied optical frequency comb generation based on Talbot effects
Authors: He Ruifeng , Yan Juanjuan
Published: January 2022

An optical frequency comb line spacing control system based on temporal and spectral Talbot effects is demonstrated. The spectral line spacing is respectively increased to 2, 3, 4, and 5 times of the original.
Sample Distribution Matching Based Transfer Learning for QoT Estimation in Optical Networks
Authors: Qin Tangze , Gu Zhiqun , Zhang Jiawei , Zhou Yuhang , Ji Yuefeng
Published: January 2022

We propose a sample distribution matching based transfer learning approach to perform accurate QoT estimation with fewer samples. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can save training samples effectively.
Ultralow-loss compact silicon photonic waveguide spirals
Authors: Hong Shihan , Zhang Long , Wang Yi , Zhang Ming , Xie Yiwei , Dai Daoxin
Published: January 2022

We propose and demonstrate a novel silicon photonic spiral with a tapered-Euler-S-bend. A 100-cm-long waveguide spiral is realized with a bending radius as small as 10 μm, while the measured propagation loss is as low as 0.28 dB/cm.
Intelligent Optical Signal Processing for Optical Communications
Authors: Huang Chaoran , de Lima Thomas Ferreira , Tait Alexander N. , Peng Hsuan-Tung , Zhang Weipeng , Bilodeau Simon , Shastri Bhavin J. , Prucnal Paul. R.
Published: January 2022

Machine learning can solve many applications in optical communications, but its benefits are largely validated offline using conventional computers. We will introduce a radically new hardware platform, neuromorphic photonics, for machine learning, and review its applications in different optical communication systems.
Coded and modulation of Coherent 800G per lambda DWDM transmission
Authors: Xiao Zhiyu
Published: January 2022

For 800G single-wavelength transmission, an appropriate modulation and coding scheme must be selected to achieve the expected SE and transmission performance. New modulation and coding technologies greatly increase the selection range of 800G. In this paper, the application of different modulation and coding techniques on 800G single-wavelength optical transmission systems is introduced to obtain the optimal modulation and coding techniques under different target SE definitions.
Broadband Capacitive-Loaded Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Modulator with On-Chip Terminal Resistor
Authors: Liu Xuecheng , Xiong Bing , Sun Changzheng , Hao Zhibiao , Wang Lai , Wang Jian , Han Yanjun , Li Hongtao , Yu Jiadong , Luo Yi
Published: January 2022

High-speed thin-film lithium niobate modulator with on-chip terminal resistor is demonstrated. The 6-mm-long modulator is equipped with capacitive-loaded travelling-wave electrodes, and exhibits a half-wave-voltage of 2.7 V and a 3-dB modulation bandwidth exceeding 50 GHz.
LP01-LP31 Mode Converter based on Helical Long-Period Grating Inscribed in Six-Mode Fiber using CO2-Laser
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Jiang Chen , Ma Yuehui , Zhao Xinyi , Liu Yunqi , Shen Lei , Zhang Lei , Luo Jie
Published: January 2022

We fabricate the LP01-LP31 mode converter based on helical long-period grating inscribed in six-mode fiber using CO2-laser. The results show that the mode converter has the maximum conversion efficiency of over 90%.
Machine Learning Assisted Hardware Fingerprint Identification for TDM-PON from Eye-diagram
Authors: Gong Huiyuan , Cheng Mengfan , Shao Weidong , Li Hongyu , Deng Lei , Yang Qi , Liu Deming
Published: January 2022

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a hardware identity authentication technique for TDM-PON based on feature identification from eye diagram. The results show that the recognition accuracy can be up to 99%.
2.5D Optoelectronic Integration for 400G (8×56Gbps) CPO-based Optical Interconnects
Authors: Yang Xuecheng , Du Jiangbing , Liu Jiacheng , Wang Xinyi , Tang Ningfeng , Shang Yingchun , He Zuyuan
Published: January 2022

A proof-of-concept 2.5D optoelectronic integration solution for CPO applications is demonstrated, based on organic substrate, silicon photonics, flip-chip. Pre-FEC BER under 0.02 is obtained for 56Gbps OOK signals, indicating feasibility for 400G.
A 4× 100 Gb/s DWDM Optical Link with all-Silicon Microring Transmitters and Receivers
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Sorin Wayne V. , Cheung Stanley , Peng Yiwei , Liang Di , Huang Zhihong , Fiorentino Marco , Beausoleil Raymond G.
Published: January 2022

We prove the feasibility of an all-Silicon, Germanium-free, high-speed dense wavelength division multiplexing optical link using a 4-channel 100 Gb/s microring modu­lator array and a 100 Gb/s microring photodiode.
1300 nm and 1500 nm InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers directly grown on SOI substrates for silicon photonics integration
Authors: Wei Wenqi , Wang Zihao , Wang Ting , Zhang Jianjun
Published: January 2022

By using (111)-faceted silicon hollow structures, high-performance 1300 nm and 1500 nm InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers are epitaxially grown and fabricated on SOI substrates by an III-V/IV dual chamber MBE for silicon photonics integration.
Lanthanide-ion Doped Perovskite Nanocrystals with Tailored Optical and Structural Properties
Authors: Zhang Shuyu
Published: January 2022

In this talk, we present that monochromatic lanthanide-ion doped perovskite nanocrystals have tailored optical behaviors and structural properties governed by completely different mechanisms instead of traditional energy transfer or photon up-conversion.
Deconvolution of Non-diffracting Beam Based Confocal Two-photon Microscopy
Authors: Yiu Canice C.Y. , He Hongsen , Chan Ryan K. Y. , Lam Emmett , Lai Cora S.W. , Wong Kenneth K.Y.
Published: January 2022

We demonstrated image quality enhancement by deconvolution for non-diffracting beam confocal two-photon microscopy. Through a custom Bessel/Airy point spread function (PSF) and Richardson-Lucy algorithm, we achieved > 7.0 dB increase in signal-to-background ratio (SBR).
High-Resolution Spatial Profile Reconstruction Enabled by Dual-Comb Fiber Bragg Grating Array Sensing
Authors: Hu Jingyuan , Liu Jiansheng , Yang Jianjun , Zhao Xin , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Liang , Shao Hongfeng , Zheng Zheng
Published: January 2022

High-resolution, real-time spatial profile reconstruction based on an identical weak reflection FBG array demodulated by the dual-comb method is demonstrated, facilitated by its mm-level spatial resolution and kHz measurement speed.
Coherently octave-spanned soliton laser comb using nonlinearly merged Kelly sidebands
Authors: Wang Chun , Chang Bing , Xia Handing , Tan Teng , Rao Yunjiang , Yao Baicheng
Published: January 2022

A mode-locked fiber soliton laser comb using Raman amplified asymmetric Kelly radiation is reported. It directly demonstrates an all-in-one plug-and-play device with octave-span spectrum (1100-2200nm), >3.2 nJ pulse energy and -168 dBc/Hz@10 kHz phase noise.
CdSe thin film solar cell
Authors: Yang Xuke , Chen Chao , Li Kanghua , Lu Yue , Tang Jiang
Published: January 2022

Tandem solar cells are an effective way to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of silicon solar cells. We constructed CdSe solar cells with PCE of 3.91%, which demonstrate a great potential in Si-based tandems.
A Detection Scheme of Abnormal Sound Events on Highway based on Φ-OTDR
Authors: Hong Yiming , Cao Bingyao , Yuan Kechen
Published: January 2022

Based on Φ-OTDR technology, optical fiber attached on the guardrail surface is used to detect highway abnormal events. The results come out good with variable-weight-election logistic regression algorithm in low-cost real-time system.
A Constellation-shaped 127QAM scheme based on Geometric Shaping
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Zhang Qi , Gao Ran , Xin Xiangjun , Wang Xishuo , Chang Huan , Liu Bingchun , Zhou Wenmao , Tian Feng , Tian Qinghua , Li Zhipei
Published: January 2022

A novel constellation-shaped 127QAM scheme based on geometric-shaping is proposed. In a 140-Gb/s simulation system, the proposed scheme has a 0.87dB OSNR gain and a 186km transmission-distance gain at 2e-2 BER, compared with uniform-128QAM.
Up to 16384-QAM IFoF Transmission with DML based on 2-Bit High-Pass Delta-Sigma Modulation
Authors: Zhu Yixiao , Yin Longjie , Wu Qi , Man Lina , Tao Yiming , Hu Weisheng
Published: January 2022

We design a 2-bit high-pass delta-sigma modulator based on 4th-order cascaded resonator feedback structure, and experimentally demonstrate IFoF transmission of 1.88GHz bandwidth 16384-QAM in 32Gb/s DML-DD link. 0.58% EVM is achieved after 20km SSMF transmission.
PON for Fiber to the Room
Authors: Effenberger Frank , Luo Yuanqiu
Published: January 2022

Now that fiber to the home (FTTH) is commonplace, the industry looks to extend its reach into the home, and fiber to the room (FTTR) has come into focus. This paper outlines such systems, and a method to leverage the PON control plane is highlighted.
End-to-End Multi-Connection Partial Protection Scheme Ensuring Tolerable QoS in Optical and Wireless Converged Networks
Authors: Zhang Lu , Li Xin , Tang Ying , Xin Jingjie , Wei Jianghua , Huang Shanguo
Published: January 2022

A connectivity-aware end-to-end multi-connection partial protection scheme is proposed to ensure reliable transmission under acceptable QoS. A genetic algorithm based heuristic algorithm is developed to greatly reduce blocking probability and resource consumption than full protection.
Wavelength Tunable Hybrid-Cavity Laser Based on Whispering-Gallery Cavity in Potential for Sensing
Authors: Meng Fangyuan , Yu Hongyan , Zhou Xuliang , Zhang Yejin , Pan Jiaoqing
Published: January 2022

A hybrid-cavity laser consists of a square Whispering-Gallery microcavity and a Fabry- Perot cavity was demonstrated. A single-mode emitting laser with a wavelength tuning range over 7.5 nm from 1775.47 nm to 1783.02 nm was obtained.
Low-Complexity Frequency Offset Estimation Based On Training Symbol for NFDM Systems
Authors: Bi Yanfeng , Xu Hengying , Bai Chenglin , Sun Weibin , Yang Lishan , Yu Xinkuo , Luo Xueyuan , Cao Lingguo
Published: January 2022

We propose a low-complexity frequency offset estimation scheme based on training symbol for NFDM systems. It achieves FOE error of less than 1MHz within range of ±1GHz, whose complexity is related with the training symbol.
Mitigated Residual Phase and Performance Enhancement Using Improved Stokes Space Polarization Demultiplexing
Authors: Tang Jie , Guo Wanzhen , Zhao Jian
Published: January 2022

We investigate improved stokes-space polarization demultiplexing (SS-PDM) in coherent systems using Kalman-based CPR and show that the improved SS-PDM mitigates random phase jumps in conventional SS-PDM and thus improves the performance of the following CPR.
Receiver IQ Imbalance And Skew Compensation for High order Modulation Formats By Frequency Domain 4×2 MIMO
Authors: Liang Junpeng , Feng Zhenhua , Wang Zhuo , Zhang Liangjun , Wang Yongben , Tu Yichong , Wang Weiming
Published: January 2022

We propose a modulation formats independent frequency domain 4×2 multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) equalizer, which can compensate receiver inphase and quadrature (IQ) imbalance and skew with lower complexity than time domain (TD) 4×2 MIMO.
Transfer Learning Aided Optical Nonlinear Equalization Based Feature Engineering Neural Network
Authors: Ren Xianda , Wang Yongjun , Li Chao
Published: January 2022

We study the training mechanism of FE-DNN. The efficient training process is experimentally demonstrated for DP-16QAM coherent optical communication system. We have validated the training time can be reduced by 80% aided by transfer learning.
Pilot-tone Assisted Successive Interference Cancellation for Coherent Subcarrier Multiplexed Multipoint-to-Point Mobile Fronthaul
Authors: Yin Longjie , Zhu Yixiao , Wu Qi , Jiang Hexun , Zhuge Qunbi , Hu Weisheng
Published: January 2022

We propose a pilot-tone assisted successive interference cancellation scheme to mitigate the laser drift-induced inter-subcarrier interference. 50% and 15% bandwidth reduction are experimentally demonstrated with QPSK and 16QAM formats, fitting well with theoretical derivation.
Experimental Demonstration of Ring Airy Vortex Beam Free-Space Data Transmission under Limited-Size Receiving Aperture and Atmosphere Turbulence
Authors: Zhu Long , Wang Andong , Lu Bing , Deng Mingliang , Guo Xiaojin
Published: January 2022

We successfully demonstrate 72 Gbit/s free-space data transmission with quasi-ring Airy vortex beams (QRAVBs). The obtained results show that QRAVBs can achieve better BER performance comparing with conventional OAM beams under limited-size receiving aperture and atmosphere turbulence.
Free-Space Optical Communication with Radial Phase Controlled Orbital Angular Momentum Beam
Authors: Zhu Yue , Zhu Long , Wang Andong , Lu Bing , Deng Mingliang , Guo Xiaojin
Published: January 2022

By controlling the radial phase distribution of conventional orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams, we successfully generate OAM-carrying light beams with anti-divergence property, which could significantly reduce the power loss in an OAM-based free-space optical link.
Experimental Demonstration of Security Evaluation via Hamming Distance in Quantum Noise Stream Cipher
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Yajie , Lei Chao , Zhu Kongni , Zhao Yongli , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2022

We introduce the metric of fractional Hamming distance to evaluate the security of quantum noise cipher system. Experimental results show that this metric is helpful to analysis and measurement in practical communications with finite-block lengths.
Machine Learning Classification vs. Regression for NFDM Transmission with Discrete Spectrum
Authors: Cheng Yijun , Wang Yutian , Zhao Luming , Fu Songnian
Published: January 2022

We investigate the impact of machine learning classification versus regression on the performance of NFDM transmission with discrete spectrum modulation. The classification is more conducive than the regression, in term of the SSMF reach enhancement.
Silicon Nitride Optical Phased Arrays with Large Beam Steering Range and Small Divergence Angle
Authors: Chen Zhenmin , Deng Shupeng , Nie Xiaomin
Published: January 2022

In this work, we demonstrate a 1024-channel grating-based antennas phased array fabricated on silicon nitride platform. The beam steering angle range can reach to 56from 635 nm to 1064 nm in the longitudinal direction while the divergence angle is only 0.023°.
Silicon Optical Phased Array Based on Carrier-depletion Phase Shifters
Authors: Zhang Zhaoyang , Huang Qikai , Zhou Zhiyan , Wang Yuehai , Yu Hui , Yang Jianyi
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate a 64-channel optical phased array based on carrier-depletion phase shifters. It offers ultra-high operation speed (0.7GHz phase shifter bandwidth) and ultra-low power consumption (0.45nW/ π), which accelerates beam steering greatly.
Design and Fabrication of a Mode Mismatching Photonic Lantern for Coupling from a Multi-mode Fiber to Single-mode Fibers
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Li Yan , Bian Yiming , Sun Haohan , Li Wei , Qiu Jifang , Hong Xiaobin , Guo Hongxiang , Wu Jian
Published: January 2022

We propose a mode mismatching photonic lantern (MMPL) with a large taper ratio and short taper length that can satisfy adiabatic condition easily. The MMPL can effectively couple power from hundreds multi-mode to several single-modes.
Demonstration of 25 Gb/s NRZ modulated 1.3 μm surface-emitting DFB lasers
Authors: Luan Jing , Han Yu , Yang Sikang , Zhang Ruigang , Tian Qi , He Pengxiang , Liu Deming , Zhang Minming
Published: January 2022

We present a 1.3 μm surface-emitting DFB laser with second order grating and double section ridge waveguide. The lasers can achieve stable single mode operation with threshold current 13.5 mA, and 25 Gb/s modulation rates.
Temperature-controlled Upconversion Luminescence of Yb3+/Er3+ Co-doped ZrV2O7 Crystals
Authors: Wang Jie , Cheng Zhenzhou , Liu Tiegen
Published: January 2022

We synthesized and characterized a new type of ZrV2O7:Yb3+/Er3+ crystals, whose upconversion luminescence color can be controlled by adjusting temperature.
Deep Learning-Assisted Design of Integrated 2×2 Linear Optical Processors
Authors: Mao Simei , Cheng Lirong , Khan Faisal Nadeem , Fu H. Y.
Published: January 2022

We propose a joint deep neural network that both instantaneously predicts the transfer matrices of QR-code patterned optical processors and inversely designs optical processors for target transfer matrix with over 80% accuracy.
UONN: Energy-Efficient Optical Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Jiaxu , Liu Yinyi , Feng Jun , Chen Shixi , Wu Tongyu , Dong Xiaowen , Xu Jiang
Published: January 2022

This work proposes a novel loop-based optical neural network UONN capable of large-scale vector-matrix multiplications. Results show that UONN can achieve up to 6000 X higher energy efficiency than existing MZI-based neural network.
Sole Excited-State InAs Quantum Dot Laser on Silicon with Strong Feedback Resistance
Authors: Chen Jia-Jian , Wang Zi-Hao , Wei Wen-Qi , Wang Ting , Zhang Jian-Jun
Published: January 2022

We demonstrated first sole excited-state lasing InAs QD lasers on Si with 28 dB higher optical feedback resistance over both FP and DFB QW lasers, which propose QD DFB laser with potentially fully feedback tolerance.
Design of High-performance TE1-to-TE0 Mode Converter Integrated with Deep-etched Laterally-coupled Distributed Feedback Laser
Authors: Zhong Hancheng , Yang Zhuohui , Liu Lin , Yu Ying , Yu Siyuan
Published: January 2022

We configure a mode converter for the conversion of the higher-order mode (TE1) output from deep-etched laterally-coupled distributed feedback (DFB) laser into the desired fundamental mode (TE0), with a high efficiency of 98.9% at 1310 nm and >95% over the O-band. The whole structure has a compact size of about 25μm in length and exhibits high performance in broad bandwidth and low insertion loss.
Dynamic Epsilon-Near-Zero Wavelength Tuning and Switching Properties of Hyperbolic Metamaterials
Authors: Xie Ze Tao , Wu Jiaye , Sha Yanhua , Fu H. Y. , Li Qian
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate the tuning of the epsilon-near-zero wavelength from telecommunication to mid-infrared regime in hyperbolic metamaterials by pump excitation. The structure has a dynamic switching modulation of up to 8.4 dB.