bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urbanellina, New Name for the Mississippian Foraminiferal Genus Urbanella Malakhova, 1963, Emended Brenckle, 1997
Authors: Brenckle Paul L.
Published: January 2022

In a recent online paper Vachard & Le Coze (2021) pointed out that the Mississippian foraminifer Urbanella Malakhova, 1963, is a homonym of a protozoan described by Schepotieff (1912). Vachard & Le Coze (2021) proposed that Malakhova's genus name be replaced by Banffella Mamet, 1970, that they consider to be a junior synonym as suggested by Reitlinger (1981). Loeblich & Tappan (1987) rejected that synonymy, a conclusion supported by a later morphological study of Urbanella (Brenckle, 1997). Urbanella and Banffella, based on comparison of their type species (Quasiendothyra urbanaMalakhova, 1954, and Endothyra? banffensisMcKay & Green, 1963), share almost no morphological features and are not synonymous as discussed in the following paragraphs. A new name Urbanellina is proposed herein to replace the homonym Urbanella Malakhova, 1963.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR IPS TERPADU PADA MATERI KEGIATAN EKONOMI
Authors: Siti Nurjanah  , Risma Dwi Arisona
Published: January 2022

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini merupakan suatu bentuk analisis terhadap model pembelajaran PBL yang diterapkan pada saat proses pembelajaran. Pemilihan model pembelajaran yang tepat sangatlah penting dilakukan, karena hal tersebut merupakan salah satu faktor yang mampu mempengaruhi motivasi belajar siswa. Seperti halnya proses pembelajaran di SMPN 2 Ponorogo yang menggunakan ceramah hasilnya masih kurang efektif, hal tersebut dilihat ketika pelaksanaan  magang 2 sebelumnya. Penelitian ini berfokus untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap motivasi belajar IPS Terpadu pada materi kegiatan ekonomi. Oleh karena itu peneliti menyusun pertanyaan yang akan dijawab, yaitu: Apakah terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap motivasi belajar IPS Terpadu pada materi kegiatan ekonomi? Jenis penelitian yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen, dimana penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 2 Ponorogo, dengan jumlah sampel yang diambil sebesar 64 siswa. Metode penelitian survey dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan dokumentasi. Hasil pengujian data yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS Versi 25 memperoleh hasil thitung sebesar 3,808 dan ttabel sebesar 1,997 (thitung>ttabel)  atau jika dilihat dari sisi sig. 2 tailed 0,000 < 0,05, yang artinya model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap motivasi belajar IPS Terpadu pada materi kegiatan ekonomi.

 ABSTRACT

This research is a form of analysis of the PBL learning model that is applied during the learning process. Choosing the right learning model is very important, because this is one of the faktors that can affect student learning motivation. As with the learning process at SMPN 2 Ponorogo which uses lectures, the results are still ineffective, this can be seen during the implementation of the previous internship 2. This study focuses on determining the effect of the Problem Based Learning model on learning motivation for Integrated Social Studies on economic activity material. Therefore, the researchers compiled the questions to be answered, namely: Is there a significant effect of the Problem Based Learning learning model on the Integrated Social Studies learning motivation on economic activity material?The type of research taken in this study is experimental research, where this research was conducted at SMP Negeri 2 Ponorogo, with a total sample of 64 students. Survey research method with data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation. The results of data testing performed using the SPSS version 25 application obtained the tcount of 3.808 and ttable of 1.997 (tcount> ttable) or when viewed from the sig side. 2 tailed 0.000 <0.05, which means that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model has a significant effect on the Integrated Social Studies learning motivation on economic activity material.
Pengaruh Lingkungan dan Fasilitas Belajar terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran IPS
Authors: Anissa Kalimatu Sholihah  , Nastiti Mufidah
Published: January 2022

This research is motivated by the number of school institutions that are far from the city center. There are several buildings and learning facilities that are damaged and incomplete. This study aims to (1) determine whether there is a significant influence between the learning environment on student achievement in social studies subject for class VIII at SMPN 1 Sambit Ponorogo. (2) Knowing whether there is a significant influence between learning facilities on student achievement in social studies subject for class VIII at SMPN 1 Sambit Ponorogo. (3) Knowing whether there is a significant influence between the environment and learning facilities on student achievement in social studies subject for class VIII at SMPN 1 Sambit Ponorogo. This study uses a quantitative approach. The research population was all students of class VIII, amounting to 69 students. The sample used is probability sampling technique. The data collection methods were questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique is simple and multiple linear regression analysis. The results are: (1) there is a significant influence between the learning environment on student achievement with a percentage of 24.1%. (2) there is a significant influence between learning facilities on student achievement with a percentage of 15.9%. (3) there is a significant influence between the learning environment and learning facilities on the learning achievement of students in IPS subject class VIII at SMPN 1 Sambit Ponorogo with a percentage of 29.2%.
Representações discursivas sobre abandono afetivo e abuso sexual na infância em relatos de alunas da Educação de Jovens e Adultos
Authors: Caixeta Schneider Pereira
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho analisa as representações discursivas sobre o abandono afetivo e o abuso sexual em redações escritas por alunas do Ensino Médio na Modalidade Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) e em entrevistas realizadas com elas. A fundamentação teórica e metodológica é a Análise de Discurso Crítica, mais especificamente a Abordagem Dialético-Relacional, de Norman Fairclough. O corpus da pesquisa é formado por trechos das redações e das entrevistas realizadas e, para sua análise, são empregadas as categorias escolhas lexicais, intertextualidade e interdiscursividade, e a representação de eventos e de atores sociais. Compreende-se que a recorrência de relatos das práticas analisadas aponta para a complexidade das experiências vivenciadas pelas alunas da EJA em suas infâncias e que compreender como elas representam esses eventos é parte importante a ser considerada no processo educacional.
Aprendizagem do francês língua estrangeira e integração social na França: um vínculo questionável
Authors: Rioult Nina
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo apresenta alguns resultados da nossa pesquisa de mestrado, efetuada em 2017 na Universidade Paris 8 (França). O principal objetivo era estabelecer em que medida o aprendizado da língua francesa pelos imigrantes na França ajuda a sua socialização no país de imigração. Começamos por uma reflexão teórica acerca da definição dos termos “integração” e “socialização” a partir dos aportes da sociologia, para, em seguida, apresentar a metodologia adotada, a das entrevistas compreensivas tal como formulada por Kaufmann (2011). A partir das entrevistas efetuadas com um grupo de 8 estudantes em situação de refúgio, concluímos que as aulas de francês são insuficientes para ajudar na socialização no país. Isso se deve principalmente ao fato de que a língua aprendida em sala de aula difere fortemente da língua falada em outros contextos sociais, por ser um campo (BOURDIEU, 2003) específico. Além disso, o fato de ser identificado como estrangeiro pode constituir um “estigma” (GOFFMAN, 1988) que age como fator inibidor da chamada integração social.
Alternância de estilo em entrevistas sociolinguísticas: uma aplicação dos critérios da Árvore de Decisão laboviana
Authors: Battisti Elisa , Santos Bruna Silva dos , Gutterres Rodrigo Lerner , Teixeira Thomaz Torres , Cunha Victória Goulart
Published: January 2022

Este artigo discute os critérios de identificação de estilos contextuais previstos pela Árvore de Decisão (LABOV, 2001) e aplica-os a transcrições de entrevistas sociolinguísticas. Retomam-se os critérios da Árvore de Decisão, um dispositivo metodológico usado para investigar variação linguística intrafalante e alternância estilística em entrevistas sociolinguísticas, e revisam-se propostas de outros estudiosos acerca do dispositivo (BAUGH, 2001; SCHILLING-ESTES, 2004, 2007; GÖRSKI; VALLE, 2014; VALLE; GÖRSKI, 2014; FREITAG, 2014; DANTAS; GIBBON, 2014). O objetivo do artigo é demonstrar os desafios de identificar estilos contextuais e efetuar a anotação da trilha Estilo em transcrições de entrevistas do acervo LínguaPOA (2015-2019). Mostra-se que algumas limitações dos critérios da Árvore de Decisão, decorrentes da concepção laboviana de alternância estilística como resultado de graus distintos de atenção prestada à fala, podem ser superados considerando-se elementos da interação entre informante e pesquisador na entrevista sociolinguística.
Clinical and Immunological Characteristics for BK Polyomavirus- associated Nephropathy after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Siripoon Tanaya , Apiwattanakul Nopporn , Mongkolrattanakul Pannawat , Tongsook Chutatip , Unwanatham Nattawut , Hongeng Suradej , Kantachuvesiri Surasak , Bruminhent Jackrapong
Published: January 2022

Background
BK polyomavirus (BKPyV)-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) could cause allograft dysfunction among kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Intact BKPyV-specific immunity is correlated with viral containment, therefore clinical and immunological characteristics related to BKVAN after KT needs to be explored.
Methods
We prospectively investigated an association between clinical baseline characteristics, BK polyomavirus (BKPyV)-specific immunity, and BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) in KT recipients. BKPyV-specific immunity, measured with intracellular cytokine assays, is reported as the percentage of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T, CD8+ T, natural killer (NK), and NKT cells after large-T antigen and viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) stimulation.
Results
Among 100 KT patients, BKPyVAN occurred in 18% within one-year post-KT. There were 70 patients (70%) who received an induction immunosuppressive therapy. Diabetic nephropathy was significantly associated with BKPyVAN. Among 40 patients who were eligible for the immunological study. In a multivariate analysis, pre-KT %VP1-specific NK cells were independently associated with BKPyVAN (HR, 1.209; 95%CI, 1.055–1.386; P = 0.006). In those with BKPyVAN, the mean %NK (coefficient, 1.202; 95%CI, 0.033–2.371; P = 0.04), %VP1-specific NK (coefficient, 2.602; 95%CI, 1.083–4.121; P = 0.001), and %NKT (coefficient, 0.199; 95%CI, 0.051–0.348; P = 0.008) cells at 1-month post-KT were significantly higher than those pre-KT. Thus, increasing NK, VP1-specific NK, and NKT cell proportions were observed among KT recipients who developed BKPyVAN within the first year.
Conclusion
KT recipients with underlying diabetes and the presence of BKPyV-specific NK- and NKT-cell immunity could be at risk of BKPyVAN after KT. BKPyV-specific innate immune monitoring could potentially stratify those at risk of BKPyVAN among KT recipients. (Thai Clinical Trials Registry, TCTR20190404004)
Sublobar Resection Without Staging and Diagnostic for Tumors <2 cm is no Adequate Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Heldwein Matthias B. , Schlachtenberger Georg , Doerr Fabian , Menghesha Hruy , Hagmeyer Lars , Bennink Gerardus , Gaisendrees Christopher , Wahlers Thorsten , Hekmat Khosro
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Sublobar resection is a frequently performed surgical approach for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients with <2cm nodules. Retrospective studies are claiming that survival rates after sublobar resection are comparable to that after anatomical resection although studies dealing with sublobar resection do not perform guideline-based staging and little to no lymphadenectomy. Methods: 747 patients underwent surgery for NSCLC at our institution between 2012 and 2020. We retrospectively reviewed data of NSCLC patients with <2cm tumors (n=236). Nodal upstaging and lymphangiosis- (L1) and hemangiosis carcinomatosa (V1) were analyzed. pN0 patients were compared to patients with nodal upstaging. One-, three and five-year survival rates were measured. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curves.Results: Mean tumor size was 1.4cm±0.39 in our cohort. Of our patients, 14% showed a cT1a tumor and 86% of patients cT1b. 24.0±12.3 lymph nodes were dissected and analyzed per patient, and 0.7±2.0 of those were affected. Of our patients, 16.1% showed an L1 affection and 7.6% a V1 affection. Lymph node involvement was diagnosed in 11(4.7%) patients preoperatively. 39(16.5%) patients were upstaged due to lymph node involvement postoperatively (p<0.001). Upstaged patients showed significantly worse 3- (upstaged: 60.6% vs. pN0: 83.2%; p=0.01) and 5-year (upstages: 38% vs. pN0 71.5%; p=0.02) survival rates.Conclusion: Of our patients with <2cm NSCLC 16.5% were nodal upstaged postoperatively. These results underline that lymphadenectomy during surgery is crucial for NSCLC patients irrespective of the tumor size and the surgical approach.
Immunohistochemical Expression of PD-L1 and MDR1 in Breast Tumors: Association with Clinico-Pathological Parameters and Treatment Outcome
Authors: Antony Gisha Rose , Augustine Paul , Sulfath TP , Ajeesh BL , K Jayasree , Krishna KM Jagathnath , S Lakshmi
Published: January 2022

Antitumor immune evasion is a hallmark for the development and progression of cancer. Tumor cells adopt various mechanisms to escape the host immune system recognition. One such mechanism is the over expression of programmed death ligand (PD-L1), a negative T cell regulatory molecule. Because PD-L1 overexpression causes resistance to chemotherapeutic response in many cancers, herein we explored the relationship between PD-L1 and multidrug resistance protein MDR1 in breast cancer. Immunohistochemical evaluation of PD-L1 and MDR1 proteins in 194 breast cancer tissue samples were carried out. The relationship between PD-L1 and MDR1 expression on cancer cells with clinicopathological factors and prognosis was investigated. IHC showed a significant correlation between PD-L1 and MDR1 expression on tumor cells. Increased PD-L1 expression was also associated with lymph node status and tumor grade of the patient. Our results also revealed that the expression of PD-L1 and MDR1 was higher in TNBC subtype compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Therefore a better understanding of the molecular mechanism through which PD-1/PD-L1 pathway contribute to the chemoresistance might bring forth the prognostic significance of PD-L1 and selection of patients who may benefit from immunotherapy.
Visualization of the Process of a Nanocarrier-Mediated Gene Delivery: Stabilization, Endocytosis, Endosomal Escape and Exocytosis of Genes for Intercellular Spreading
Authors: Ma Zhongzheng , Zheng Yang , Chao Zijian , Chen Hongtao , Zhang Yunhui , Yin Meizhen , Shen Jie , Yan Shuo
Published: January 2022

Nanoparticles have been widely applied as gene carrier for improving RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency in medical and agricultural fields. However, the mechanism and delivery process of nanoparticle-mediated RNAi is not directly visualized. Here we synthesized a star polymer (SPc) consisted of a hydrophilic shell with positively-charged tertiary amine in the side chain as a gene nanocarrier, which was taken as an example to investigate the mechanism in gene delivery. The SPc could assemble with dsRNA spontaneously through electrostatic force, hydrogen bond and van der Waals force. Interestingly, the SPc could protect dsRNA from degradation by RNase A, insect hemolymph and immune cells, thus remarkably increasing the stability of dsRNA. Meanwhile, the SPc could efficiently promote the cellular uptake, endosomal escape and active exocytosis for systematic spreading of dsRNA. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the SPc could up-regulate some key genes such as Chc, AP2S1 and Arf1 for activating clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, the suppression of endocytosis by a specific inhibitor hindered the cellular uptake of SPc-delivered dsRNA in vitro, and the subsequent RNAi effect was also disappeared in vivo. To our knowledge, our study is the first direct visualization of the detailed cellular delivery process and mechanism of nanocarrier-mediated gene delivery. Above mechanism supports the application of nanocarrier-based RNAi in gene therapy and pest management.
An Image-based Gradation Calculation Method Considering Crushed Stone Morphology
Authors: Jiang Chong , Ding Xin , Pang Li , Deng Liang , Shi Zexiong
Published: January 2022

An image-based gradation calculation method considering crushed stone morphology is proposed in this paper. Eight kinds of crushed stones are prepared to figure out the effect of the particle shape on the gradation. All particles are pictured and the photos are processed to obtain particle shape indices by using the image-based method. A minimum Feret diameter analysis method is used, which can reflect the influence of the particle shape. Then the paper proposes a developed overall regularity to describe the morphology of particles, which is calculated by the weight of three shape indices: aspect ratio, convexity and sphericity. The developed overall regularity is applied on gradation curve equations to provide an image-based gradation calculation method. And the provided method is validated to well fit the actual case. Furthermore, the method is also applied on two examples of gradation designation and the result proves to be feasible and practicable.
Moderate reductions in animal protein intake could substantially decrease pressure on environment when food system change is optimised
Authors: Jalava Mika , Guillaume Joseph , Kummu Matti , Heck Vera , Varis Olli
Published: January 2022

Diet change towards less animal protein is often proposed as one of the key opportunities to produce more food with less natural resources. However, depending on how feed is provided, part of the livestock production could be sustainable – but how large a part remains to be answered. The key challenge has been that the existing methods assessing the impacts of altering the level of animal protein in diets rely on static use of resources, and do not take into account the changes needed in entire food system; including the use of by-products for feed, how efficiently the replacing plant-based protein could be produced with land freed from feed production or pasture, etc. We developed an integrated global food system model “Aalto OptoFood” that allows us to assess dynamically the response of these scenarios on different parts of the food system, and thus optimise the diet transition from the point of view of resource use. We show that even moderate decrease in animal protein consumption can yield a substantial reduction in, here, water consumption. Reductions of one-fifth in livestock protein would decrease water consumption by 24-26%; 60-79% of total reduction potential and 3-5 times more than an estimate using the existing static methods. Water consumption levels off after 40-50% cut in animal protein intake, indicating that part of the meat consumption may be sustainable from a water perspective. These results are driven by dynamics between food production sectors and show the importance of non-food animal feeds, highlighting the need to use an integrated systemic approach in food system studies.
Synthesis and Evaluation of New Sartan Derivatives
Authors: Dalaijargal Bertsetseg , Mi Le , Wu Zhuo , Yin Yao , Liang Hongyu , Qiu Yan , Yan Yi-Jia , Jin Hui , Chen Zhi-Long
Published: January 2022

As prodrugs series of new sartan-derived molecules were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Most of the synthesized compounds could decrease blood pressure efficiently in spontaneously hypertensive rats. It could be ratiocinated that the original drugs could be released from the prodrugs exactly at the connecting position catalyzed by the hydrolyzation enzymes. The maximal response of mean blood pressure (MBP) lowered 70.2 ± 5.0 mmHg (compound 1) and 61.2 ± 1.0 mmHg (compound 4) at 10 mg/kg after oral administration, and the antihypertensive effect lasted beyond 24 h, which performed better than Losartan and were similar with Telmisartan. Pharmacokinetics test results of 1 were consistent with its anti-hypertension effects in vivo. The safety of new compounds was confirmed by the influence on the rats’ heart rates and other symptoms which couldn’t been observed during whole process. Thence, compounds 1 and 4 may be considered as potential antihypertension drug candidates.
Genome Sequence and Experimental Infection of Calves with Bovine Gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4)
Authors: Bauermann Fernando , Falkenberg Shollie , Martins Mathias , Dassanayake Rohana , Neill John , Ridpath Julia , Silveira Simone , Palmer Mitchell , Buysse Alaine , Mohr Anna , Flores Eduardo , Diel Diego G.
Published: January 2022

Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is ubiquitous in cattle worldwide and it has been detected in animals exhibiting broad clinical presentations. The virus has been detected in the United States since the 70’s, however, its clinical relevance remains unknown. Here we determined the complete genome sequence of two contemporary BoHV-4 isolates and assessed clinical, virological and pathological outcomes upon intranasal (IN) inoculation in calves. A slight and transient increase in body temperature was observed in BoHV-4-inoculated calves. Additionally, transient viremia and virus shedding in nasal secretions were observed in all inoculated calves. BoHV-4 DNA was detected by nested-PCR in the tonsil and regional lymph nodes (LNs) of calves euthanized on day 5 post-inoculation (pi) and in the lungs of calves euthanized on day 10 pi. Calves euthanized on day 35 pi harbored BoHV-4 DNA in the respiratory tract (turbinates, trachea, lungs), regional lymphoid tissues and trigeminal ganglia. Interestingly, in situ hybridization (ISH) revealed the presence of BoHV-4 DNA in nerve bundles surrounding the trigeminal ganglia and retropharyngeal lymph nodes (day 35 pi). No histological changes were observed in the respiratory tract (turbinate, trachea and lung), lymphoid tissues (tonsil, LNs, thymus and spleen), or central nervous tissues (olfactory bulb and trigeminal ganglia) sampled throughout the animal studies (days 5, 10 and 35 pi). This study contributes to the understanding of the infection dynamics and tissue distribution of BoHV-4 following IN infection in calves. These results suggest that the two contemporary isolates used in our study present low virulence and pathogenicity to calves upon intranasal inoculation.
Superconducting Quantum Circuit of NOR in Quantum Annealing
Authors: Saida Daisuke , Hidaka Mutsuo , Miyake Kouhei , Imafuku Kentaro , Yamanashi Yuki
Published: January 2022

One possible way to improve the applicability of quantum annealing to various problems is to express the Hamiltonian using a circuit satisfiability problem. The NOR logic function serves as a basic unit for implementing the Hamiltonian for the superconducting quantum circuit. Here we demonstrate quantum annealing with “native” implementation of a Boolean logic Hamiltonian for a quantum circuit composed of superconducting flux qubits. This circuit is robust and can be easily expanded to scale up the analysis. We present an experiment with complete logic operation of NOR, where the circuit produces results with a high probability of success for arbitrary combinations of inputs. Features of the quantum circuit agree qualitatively with theory, especially the mechanism for an operation under external flux modulation. With calibration of bias conditions to compensate for the offset flux from the surrounding circuit, the quantum circuit also agrees quantitatively with theory.
Outcomes of first-line osimertinib treatment for epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small cell lung cancer in clinical practice settings
Authors: Shiozawa Toshihiro , Numata Takeshi , Tamura Tomohiro , Endo Takeo , Kaburagi Takayuki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Yamada Hideyasu , Kikuchi Norihiro , Saito Kazuhito , Inagaki Masaharu , Kurishima Koichi , Funayama Yasunori , Miyazaki Kunihiko , Koyama Nobuyuki , Furukawa Kinya , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Kikuchi Shinji , Ichimura Hideo , Sato Yukio , Sekine Ikuo , Satoh Hiroaki , Hizawa Nobuyuki
Published: January 2022

Background: Real-world data on the clinical outcomes of first-line osimertinib treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the treatment outcomes and the prognostic factors of osimertinib as first-line therapy in clinical practice settings.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated clinical outcomes of patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC treated with osimertinib as first-line therapy across 12 institutions in Japan between August 2018 and March 2020.Results: Among 158 enrolled patients, the objective response rate (ORR) was 68% and the estimated median progression-free survival (PFS) was 17.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.5-19.7). Subgroup analysis showed that PFS in the group with high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was significantly shorter than that in groups with low or no PD-L1 expression (10.1 vs. 16.1 vs. 19.0 months; p = 0.03). Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that high PD-L1 expression was the only independent adverse prognostic factor of osimertinib outcome for PFS (hazard ratio, 2.71; 95% CI: 1.26-5.84; p = 0.01). In terms of the ORR, there was no statistically significant difference regardless of PD-L1 expression (67% vs. 76% vs. 65%; p = 0.51).Conclusion: Osimertinib showed favorable treatment outcomes in clinical practice. Although the ORR was similar regardless of PD-L1 expression, high PD-L1 expression could be an independent adverse prognostic factor related to PFS in osimertinib treatment.
High-resolution solar image reconstruction based on non-rigid alignment
Authors: Hui Liu
Published: January 2022

Suppressing the interference of atmospheric turbulence and obtaining observational data with high spatial resolution is an important problem to be solved in ground observation. One way to solve this problem is to perform statistical reconstruction of short-exposure speckle images. Combining the advantages of the classic Shift-Add and speckle masking algorithms, this paper proposes a novel reconstruction algorithm-NASIR (Non-rigid Alignment based Solar Image Reconstruction). NASIR performs pixel-by-pixel non-rigid distortion correction on speckle images by establishing a computational model between geometric distortion and intensity distribution, thereby reconstructing the phase of the object image at each frequency. We compared the reconstruction performance of speckle masking and NASIR in terms of correlation coefficient, power spectrum and intensity profile variation coefficient through reconstruction experiments of NVST (1m New Vacuum Solar Telescope) observational data. The results show that when seeing is good (R0>10cm), both speckle masking and NASIR can achieve better reconstruction results. When seeing decreases (R0<5cm), thenoise will exacerbate the phase recursion error of speckle masking, resulting in the generation of spurious structures, while NASIR recovers the phase by spatial alignment, which can avoid error accumulation. Moreover, NASIR performs speckle interferometry on the aligned speckle images, which further improves the reconstruction quality of the modulus, so its reconstruction results have a higher cuto frequency and more significant structural contrast. In addition, NASIR reconstruct the entire eld of view in parallel at one time, without phase recursion and block-by-block reconstruction, so its computation time is only about 50% of that of speckle masking. Therefore, we consider NASIR to be a more robust and efficient method that combines the respective advantages of spatial domain reconstruction and frequency domain reconstruction. It is believed that the application and further research of NASIR will promote the development of ground-based observation data processing technology.
Novel universal SARS-CoV DNA vaccine inducing neutralizing antibodies to huCoV-19/WH01, Beta, Delta and Omicron variants and T cells to Bat-CoV
Authors: Appelberg K. Sofia , Ahlen Gustaf , Nikoyan Negin , Yan Jingy , Weber Sofie , Larsson Olivia , Höglund Urban , Aleman Soo , Weber Friedemann , Perlhamre Emma , Apro Johanna , Gidlund Eva-Karin , Tuvesson Ola , Cadossi Matteo , Salati SImona , Tegel Hanna , Hober Sophia , Frelin Lars , mirazimi ali , Sallberg Matti
Published: January 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is constantly changing with new variants appearing that are more contagious (Alpha and Delta), evade the neutralising antibody (NAb) response (Beta), or both (Omicron). This is a challenge for vaccine development. We generated a novel universal SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine containing the receptor binding domain (RBD) loops from the original huCoV-19/WH01, the Alpha, and the Beta variants, combined with the membrane and nucleoproteins from the huCoV-19/WH01 strain. This vaccine induced high levels of spike antibodies that crossreacted between the huCoV-19/WH01, Beta, and Delta spike proteins, and neutralized the huCoV-19/WH01, Beta, Delta and Omicron virus in vitro. The vaccine induced T cells to all vaccine proteins in mice and rabbits that recognized Bat-CoV N sequences. Finally, the vaccine protected K18 mice against lethal SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant infection, whereas only priming N-specific T cells was 60% protective. This universal SARS-CoV vaccine candidate induces a uniquely broad functional immunity.
Incomplete recovery to enhance economic growth losses from US hurricanes under global warming
Authors: Otto Christian , Kuhla Kilian , Geiger Tobias , Schewe Jacob , Frieler Katja
Published: January 2022

Ongoing global warming is likely to increase the return frequency of very intense hurricanes in the North Atlantic. Here, we analyse how this frequency increase may impact on economic growth. To this end, we introduce an event-based macroeconomic growth model that temporally resolves how growth depends on the heterogeneity in timing and intensity of hurricane impacts. We calibrate the model to the United States and find that economic growth losses scale super-linearly with their heterogeneity. We explain this by a disproportional increase of indirect losses with event severity which can lead to an incomplete recovery of the economy between consecutive intense landfall events. Based on two different methods to estimate the future frequency increase of intense hurricanes compared to the period 1980-2014, we estimate annual growth losses to increase between 10% and 146% in a Paris-compatible 2°C world and even up to 522% in a 2.7°C world in compliance with the median end-of-century warming under currently implemented or enacted policies. We finally study the efficacy of disaster insurance as an adaptation strategy and find that higher insurance coverage may higher insurance coverage may be a viable means to mitigate these climate change-induced increases in growth losses.
Anti-Naegleria fowleri and Anti-Balamuthia mandrillaris Activities of
Propolis
Authors: Mungroo Mohammad Ridwane , Anwar Ayaz , Siyadatpanah Abolghasem , Norouzi Roghayeh , Tong Tommy , Khan Naveed Ahmed , Siddiqui Ruqaiyyah
Published: January 2022

Aim:

Herein, we determined the anti-amoebic properties of propolis collected from different
regions in Iran against Naegleria fowleri and Balamuthia mandrillaris.

Background:

Natural products remain a valuable source of compounds that are biologically active.
Approximately one-third of well-known therapeutic drugs worldwide are derived from natural products.

Objectives:

Considering the use of propolis in folk medicine, here, for the first time, we evaluated
anti-amoebic properties of propolis against free-living pathogenic amoebae, B. mandrillaris and N.
fowleri.

Methods:

Propolis was collected from different regions of Iran and ethanolic extracts were prepared.
Amoebicidal and cysticidal assays were accomplished to determine the effects of propolis
against N. fowleri and B. mandrillaris. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were carried out to establish
propolis effects on host cell damage. Finally, propolis metabolites were determined using spectrometric
methods.

Results:

It was observed that propolis exhibited potent antiamoebic effects against trophozoites
and cysts of both N. fowleri and B. mandrillaris at μg concentrations. When tested against cysts of
both amoebae, only selected propolis exhibited cysticidal properties. The best activity was observed
by propolis from the Kermanshah region, which depicted more than 95% amoebicidal activity
and more than 60% cysticidal activity against both amoebae, respectively. Liquid chromatography-
tandem mass spectrometry revealed that each extract is comprised of various components.

Conclusion:

For the first time, we showed that propolis has amoebicidal activity against both amoebae
tested. Investigation into the individual activity of the components of propolis extracts and
their mechanism of action against the aforementioned parasites might lead to the discovery of novel
anti-amoebic compounds.
Comparison of proximity sensor responsiveness levels on Samsung smartphones
Authors: Hidayat Dwi Rahmat , Windarjoto Windarjoto
Published: January 2022

Measuring the responsiveness of the proximity sensor on a Samsung smartphone at the Teuku Umar Samsung Service Center has been carried out. The proximity sensor used in smartphones is a photoelectric proximity type with diffusion type, where it works using a light-sensitive element called a receiver. The measuring method is to use a barrier board that is moved closer to the smartphone from a certain distance until the sensor is 1 and measures the distance between these barriers using a ruler or ruler which is then recorded so that the maximum distance of the sensor response is obtained. From the results obtained, it can be explained that every year for the same class it has an increase, although not too significant, whereas if it is reviewed from the class between the lower class series and the upper-class series with the same year, it will have a more significant difference.
Изменение параметров образования вакансий и самодиффузии в кристалле с температурой и давлением
Authors: Магомедов М.Н.
Published: January 2022

An analytical method for calculating the parameters of the electroneutral vacancies formation and self-diffusion of atoms in a single-component crystal is proposed. The method is based on the 4-parameters pairwise Mie–Lennard-Jones interatomic interaction potential. The method allows calculating all the activation processes parameters: Gibbs energy, enthalpy, entropy and volume for both the vacancy formation process and the self-diffusion process. The method is applicable at any pressure (P) and temperature (T). The temperature dependencies of the activation processes parameters for gold are calculated from T = 10 K to 1330 K along two isobars P = 0 and 24 GPa. It is shown that at low temperatures, due to quantum regularities, activation parameters strongly depend on temperature, and the entropy of activation processes in this region has a negative value. In the high temperature region, the probability of vacancy formation and the self-diffusion coefficient pass into classical Arrhenius dependencies with a weakly temperature-dependent enthalpy and with a positive value of the activation process entropy. Good agreements were obtained with the estimates of activation parameters for gold known from the literature. The values of activation parameters at T = 0 K were discussed.
Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Detection and Quantification of Hepatic Steatosis: A Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: AlShagathrh Fahad
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease linked to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in afflicted individuals. Non-invasive liver imaging technologies such ultrasound (US) is the preferable method for screening hepatic steatosis because to its non-invasiveness, cheap cost, and widespread availability.
Artificial intelligence (AI), in particular deep learning algorithms, has garnered widespread notice for its superior performance on image identification and quantification. They are capable of quantitatively assessing complicated medical image properties automatically and achieving better diagnostic accuracy while increasing efficiency. AI is frequently utilized and gaining popularity in the field of liver medical imaging, which includes radiology, nuclear medicine and ultrasound. AI can assist physicians in making more accurate and reproducible imaging diagnoses while also reducing the workload of physicians.

OBJECTIVE

The primary purpose of this work was to conduct a scoping review of artificial intelligence technologies for hepatic steatosis detection and quantification. It also aimed to explore the role of AI technologies on Ultrasonography for the detection and quantification of hepatic steatosis.

METHODS

The researcher searched several electronic bibliographies including Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, ACM Digital, IEEEXplore, and Scopus. The references retrieved were investigated for additional relevant studies through the backward and forward reference list checking strategy. One reviewer carried out the studies selection and data extraction.

RESULTS

A total of 718 publications were retrieved; 268 duplicates were removed. After scanning the titles and abstracts, 234 were excluded. After scanning the full texts, many articles were excluded for the following reasons: studies focusing on diseases other than liver parenchymal diseases (n = 39), studies that did not confirm the specified outcomes or confirmation study population (n = 58), studies that were not original research, i.e., reviews, editorials (n = 106), and studies not written in English (n = 8). The qualitative analysis comprised a total of 25 publications.

CONCLUSIONS

This review illustrates the potential for AI systems to aid in the diagnosis and stage of liver fibrosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. By incorporating AI into established noninvasive methods, effective diagnostic tools with an ideal mix of sensitivity and specificity are created. Before adopting these AI-assisted systems in clinical practice, it is necessary to validate these models in additional independent cohorts.
Clinical Abdominal Examinations in Korean Medicine Based on Expert Opinions
Authors: Kim Keumji , Jeon Hye-jin , Ko Seok-jae , Park Jae-Woo
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the opinions of experts on abdominal examinations in Korean Medicine included in the curriculum of the College of Korean Medicine.Methods: Among Korean doctors, 14 experts on abdominal examinations were interviewed; the experts included 9 professors of Korean internal medicine, 1 expert in diagnostics of Korean Medicine, 1 primary care Korean medicine doctor, and 3 executives of a (former) Korean association of the abdomen. The interview consisted of questions regarding recognition of the clinical importance of abdominal examinations, how to perform abdominal examinations, the most frequent abdominal examination findings encountered in clinical practice, and the definition of some of the abdominal examination findings.Results: Most interviewees recognized abdominal examinations as important and used them in clinical practice. Opinions on additions and corrections were collected regarding observation items, posture, method, and order during abdominal examinations. Abdominal examination findings that were common clinically were abdominal fullness (腹滿), epigastric stuffness (心下痞鞕), abdominal tenderness, epigastric fullness (心下滿), and rib distention (胸脇苦滿). The answers to the question related to the definitions of abdominal examination findings included consent and supplementary opinions regarding definitions of deficiency-excess, cold-heat, abdominal tenderness, tension of abdominal muscles, succession sounds, and borborygmus; these were mainly selected based on abdominal symptoms that are highly quantifiable.Conclusions: In the future, based on the results of this study, additional research related to the drafting of a standard abdominal examination in Korean medicine should be conducted to provide an opportunity to increase the reliability of Korean medicine diagnosis.
Intervención Familiar, Clínica Psicológica e Intervención Psicosocial.
Authors: Viveros-Chavarría Edison Francisco , Rodríguez-Bustamante Alexander , Herrera-Saray German Darío , López-Montaño Luz María
Published: January 2022

Introducción. Los estudios de familia en Colombia, como campo disciplinar que aplica teorías, conceptos y metodologías de otras disciplinas, evidencia, desde su apuesta epistemológica, el reconocer a la familia como un objeto de conocimiento científico que apropia y produce conocimiento. El Objetivo de este artículo es analizar el método de generación de conocimiento en la intervención familiar, la clínica psicológica y la intervención psicosocial en un grupo de veinte profesionales de las Ciencias Sociales de las ciudades de Medellín y Manizales. Materiales y Métodos investigación cualitativa, con enfoque hermenéutico. Se privilegió la entrevista semiestructurada para la producción de información; la sistematización y análisis se realizó con el software Atlas Ti, versión 6.0. Resultados: el entrecruzamiento de las categorías intervención familiar, clínica psicológica, intervención psicosocial y generación de conocimiento, permite vislumbrar una apuesta educativa y complementaria, que ofrece un acompañamiento desde y para las familias, en la cual reconocen capacidades y recursos para afrontar su cotidianidad. Conclusión: la intervención familiar, la intervención psicológica y la intervención psicosocial, como apuesta ético – política del profesional de las Ciencias Sociales, debe permitir el desarrollo de procesos críticos – reflexivos en los cuales las familias son agentes de su propio cambio.
Percepción del Confort Térmico en Conjuntos Residenciales y su Incidencia en la Calidad de Vida
Authors: Toala-Zambrano Luiggy Andrés , Vanga-Arvelo María Giuseppina , Muñoz-Molina José Gregorio , Zambrano-Quiroz Folke Nevaldo
Published: January 2022

Introducción. En este artículo se presentan los resultados finales de la investigación Análisis del confort térmico de conjuntos habitacionales realizada en la ciudad de Portoviejo, Ecuador. Objetivo. Analizar la percepción del confort térmico de las viviendas del conjunto habitacional Fuentes del Río de la ciudad de Portoviejo y reconocer los elementos que favorecen o no la calidad climática del interior de sus espacios, mediante técnicas de investigación y herramientas tecnológicas, evidenciando el valor de orientar las edificaciones de carácter residencial de acuerdo a las condicionantes climáticas que influyen en ellas. Materiales y Métodos. Se presenta una investigación bibliográfica y de campo, apoyada en el diagnóstico del conjunto arquitectónico en estudio. Resultados. Una vez obtenidas las valoraciones, se procedió mediante estrategias de diseño a idear elementos que mitiguen las incidencias climáticas en el interior de viviendas además de elaborar un listado de parámetros bioclimáticos que aporten en la proyección de futuros conjuntos urbanísticos en el área urbana de la ciudad de Portoviejo. Conclusiones. Los elementos analizados permiten reconocer la importancia de emplear parámetros bioclimáticos o principios de arquitectura sustentable y el uso de tecnología constructiva que faciliten la creación de programas habitacionales sustentables, contribuyendo en forma positiva con el medio ambiente y mejorando la habitabilidad de los espacios.
El Problema de la Recogida de Productos Defectuosos en el Mercado. Enfoques Académicos y Legales
Authors: Restrepo-Hincapie Mariana , Cogollo-Flórez Juan M.
Published: January 2022

Introducción: el estudio de las campañas de retiro de productos defectuosos del mercado (recalls) es un tema vigente y complejo en el contexto de la gestión de la calidad en cadenas de suministro para garantizar la seguridad y la protección de los consumidores. Objetivo: identificar los principales enfoques académicos y legales utilizados a nivel nacional e internacional para el diseño y ejecución de estrategias de retiro de productos. Materiales y métodos: se aplicó un enfoque exploratorio de la investigación, a través de una revisión de literatura y análisis bibliométrico con Vosviewer, considerando los artículos publicados en el periodo entre 1999 y 2019, en las bases de datos Taylor and Francis, EBSCO, Science Direct, Scopus, Springer Link, IEEE, Google académico y Proquest. Resultados: se evidenció un crecimiento en el número de recalls en los últimos 20 años, especialmente en la industria de juguetes (161 %), sector automotriz (140%), productos de belleza (70 %) y suministros eléctricos (64 %). Las principales metodologías para el estudio de los recalls son de naturaleza cualitativa. Conclusiones: son requeridos nuevos aportes académicos orientados al desarrollo de modelos y metodologías que permitan involucrar a todos los miembros de la cadena de suministro en el diseño y ejecución de estrategias coordinadas para disminuir los riesgos de ocurrencia de productos defectuosos o inseguros en el mercado.
Using an affinity analysis to identify phytoplankton associations
Authors: Zhu Weiju , Ding Zhaojian , Pan Yangdong , Wang Quanxi
Published: January 2022

Phytoplankton functional traits can represent particular environmental
conditions in complex aquatic ecosystems. Categorizing phytoplankton
species into functional groups is challenging and time-consuming, and
requires high-level expertise on species autecology. In this study, we
introduced an affinity analysis to aid identification of candidate
associations of phytoplankton from two datasets comprised of
phytoplankton and environmental information. In the Huaihe River Basin
with a drainage area of 270,000 km2 in China, samples were collected
from 217 selected sites during the low-water period in May 2013; monthly
samples were collected during 2006-2011 in a man-made pond, Dishui Lake.
Our results indicated that the affinity analysis can be used to define
some meaningful functional groups. The identified phytoplankton
associations reflect the ecological preferences of phytoplankton in
terms of light and nutrients acquisition. Advantages and disadvantages
of applying the affinity analysis to identify phytoplankton associations
are discussed with perspectives of their utility in ecological
assessment.