bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water requirement of upland Taro (Colocasia esculenta) under humid tropical zones of India
Authors: SUNITHA S , KUMAR J SURESH , SREEKUMAR J , SUJA G , RAMESH V , BYJU G
Published: November 2022

Present study was carried out at the research farm of ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during 3 summer seasons of 2016–17, 2017–18 and 2018–19 to assess the crop water requirement of upland taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) and to arrive at a suitable irrigation schedule under humid tropical conditions of Kerala. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design (RBD), with 7 treatments as 5 levels of drip irrigation, [50% (I1), 75% (I2), 100% (I3), 125% (I4) and 150% (I5) of the crop evapotranspiration, ETc], furrow irrigation and a rainfed crop with 3 replications. Crop water requirement was calculated as same as crop evapotranspiration (ETc) assuming that there is no other water losses. Pooled analysis of the data collected for three seasons indicated that, I3, drip irrigation at ETc 100% is optimum for achieving maximum cormel yield and optimum water productivity. The optimal water requirement for upland taro was observed as 610–628 mm, including effective rainfall, based on the crop, soil and climatic parameters. The information will support the farmers to develop irrigation plans in advance during summer season, and for ensuring effective usage of irrigation water in water scarce areas, in this era of climate change.
Response of N P S doses and urea foliar spray on lentil under guava (Psidium guajava) + lentil (Lens culinaris) based agri-horti system
Authors: KUMAR VIKASH , SINGH MANOJ KUMAR , LAKSHMI D UDAYA , AAKASH  , SAIKIA NILUTPAL , KUMARI ANAMIKA
Published: November 2022

An experiment was conducted at research farm of Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Barkachha, Mirzapur situated in eastern Uttar Pradesh during winter (rabi) season of 2021–22 with the objective to study the response of nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur doses and urea foliar spray on lentil growth attributes, yield attributes, yield and economics under guava + lentil based agri-horti system. Results revealed that the higher growth, yield attributes, yield, net monetory returns and benefit-cost ratio were recorded under N23.5+P60+S40 which was at par with N20+P50+S30. In case of varied doses of foliar spray of urea, foliar spray of 2% urea at pre-flowering stage fb 2% urea at pod initiation stage recorded significantly higher growth, yield, yield attributes and economics which was at par with foliar spray of 2% urea spray at pre-flowering stage. Moreover, between the sowing of the lentils and the harvest, the guava's growth attributes were also increased. Therefore, under rainfed conditions of Vidhyan region of eastern Uttar Pradesh, application of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur @20, 50 and 30 kg/ha as basal application along with foliar application (spray) of 2% urea at pre-flowering stage (45 DAS) to lentil crop was found to be better option for higher profitability under guava plantation.
Woman Depiction in Turkish Horror Films: A Semiotic Analysis as Part of the Concept of “Alterity”
Authors: ÖZKANTAR Mustafa Özer
Published: November 2022

Cinema is a field of struggle that focuses on individual and mass experiences as a branch of art at the center of social memory. Thus, almost every cultural, economic, and social change and transformation are naturally evaluated within the spectrum of cinematic experience. At this point, the change of gender, that is, the roles of men and women have also been added to the film culture as a part of the complex cinematic experience and has even turned into codes repeated for years through some genres. In this context, horror cinema can be indicated as one of the strongest carriers of these ongoing cinematic experiences in the context of gender as it is often the result of a heteronormative perspective created in the accompaniment of male-dominated codes. Accordingly, it can be asserted that this cinematic point of view forms its own victims. In line with this argument, the main concern of this study is to discuss 4 different Turkish horror movie posters released in 2021 in the context of the marginalization of women's identity. In this direction, the movie posters have been analyzed with semiotics, and as a result, it has been observed that despite all feminist struggles in cinema and the art world, the mentality about women is still portrayed with a negative approach.
Research on the Particularity of the Application of the Imputation Principle in the Personal Information Protection Law of PRC
Authors: He Houyi
Published: November 2022

The introduction of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Personal Information (hereinafter referred to as the Personal Information Protection Law) is a strong response to the unwavering defense of the right to self-determination of personal information in the era of the great development of China’s digital economy. There are three prerequisites for the application of the imputation principle of the Personal Information Protection Law: the information processing subject is the Personal Information Processor; the information right subject is a natural person; and the tort liability is the basis of the claim. Therefore, only by clarifying the above three premises, especially the dichotomy of processor and controller in the concept of personal information processor and the single theory of processor, can the liability principle be applied accurately.
Situation of Earning Management After Revision of the Ohada Accounting Standards Adopted on January 26, 2017
Authors: Georges Wandji , Nebasi Akoso Wilfred
Published: November 2022

Following the mandatory adoption of the revised OHADA Accounting Standards that have moved closer to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), this study examines whether the level of Earnings Management of Companies making public offers or listed firms, in the West African Stock Exchange Market Abidjan-Ivory Coast (BRVM) has reduced. The study avails of Financial Statement figures during pre-adoption (2014–2017) and post-adoption (2018–2021) periods, for 26 selected listed firms in the BRVM. Findings suggest that firms in the post-adoption period of the revised OHADA Accounting Standards (2018–2021) are less likely to smooth earnings compared to the pre-adoption period (2014–2017). This indicates that adopting accounting standards of higher quality can bring an improvement in Financial Reporting Quality, everything being equal.
Students as Agents of Change in Curriculum Designing and Implementation: Involvement and Participation Drives
Authors: Stephen Adupa , Charles Muweesi , Mugenyi Disan Kuteesa , Muhamadi Kaweesi , Robert Tomusange , Christopher Isabirye , Kagoire Ochieng Mary T.
Published: November 2022

A student as agent of change in the curriculum design and implementation, involvement and participation in the secondary schools is of critical importance. The need to adopt and change to a competency learning approach that meets the needs of the student, and members of the community. To further scholarly understanding of, and appreciation for, students voice in decision making, participation, student participation in participatory design, as well as and student partnership in curriculum design and implementation. This paper clarifies the unique contributions of each, shaped by differing contexts of interaction, and articulate issues arising by confounding and conflating partnership and representation in the name of student voice. Advancing an argument for an ecosystem of student participation grounded in student voice, we warn of the harm in positioning student partners as speaking for other students and the risk of diminishing the importance of elected student representation systems in favor of staff selected student partner models of student representation.
Survival in a Pandemic: Reflections on Self-Resilience and Sustainability by Teachers of Private For-Profit Schools in a Low Developed Country (LDC)
Authors: Kalumba Ponsiano Wasswa , Buluma Alfred
Published: November 2022

This study is a systematic investigation into the impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the economic welfare of private secondary school teachers in a low developed country (LDC). Precisely, the study assesses the opportunities and challenges faced by the teachers in question. Given the fact that the vast majority among the private teaching fraternity went without a pay for a period close to twenty-two months, there is no doubt that many of them experienced financially unbearable long rough period to deal with, and a very big task of forging means of survival. The study thus renders a further inquiry into teachers’ newly acquired opportunities; their financial considerations with regard to these opportunities as well as the possibility of having these teachers freely leave their new lucrative opportunities to run back to classrooms. As per its finding, this study revealed that; the long time on the side-lines inevitably necessitated a quick change in (private) teachers’ mind-set. With the closure of schools, teachers were left with no further option but to take on alternative duties or else remain redundant all through the lock down period. The pandemic rendered various implications to private teachers’ economic welfare; with the most apparent ones being a remarkable decline in their income and savings. As it goes that; desperate moments call for desperate measures, the most flexible among these private secondary teaching fraternity quickly jumped onto carrying out all sorts of hustles at their disposal just to make sure that their financial welfare is not totally derailed. In this, majority teachers found more lucrative alternatives to their teaching profession and as such, many currently find themselves very reluctant to resume teaching, even with the lifting of the school shut down. Ultimately, as face-to-face teaching and learning resumes, the study recommends that teachers need help to adjust to the new normal and lift their spirits once more. They need assistance from the government, along with clarity from policymakers to effectively support them in striking a balance between their profession as well as their economic welfare during and after the current pandemic.
(Upper) Ljutomer Castle
Authors: Sapač Igor
Published: November 2022

The contribution discusses the architectural development of the former (Upper) Ljutomer (Ober Luttenberg) Castle or Lower Castle, which, having disappeared in the nineteenth century, has so far not even been subject to a basic analysis of its architectural history. Although the castle has been long gone and its location, a hill above the village of Podgradje southeast of Ljutomer, is now occupied by a more recent residential building from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it still bears great significance for understanding the history of construction in the wider Ljutomer area between the thirteenth and nineteenth centuries. Based on the analyses of preserved old depictions, terrain configuration, and data about the history of the estate as well as by taking into consideration appropriate analogies, it is possible to determine the main development phases of the former castle building with sufficient reliability. Everything suggests that the castle was built in the first half of the thirteenth century as one of many border castles erected by the Archdiocese of Salzburg and that it underwent a dynamic and characteristic architectural development until the eighteenth century.
Plague Epidemics in Lower Carniola between Tradition and Reality
Authors: Golec Boris
Published: November 2022

The contribution deals with the consequences of infectious epidemics in Lower Carniola, thar is in the part of Carniola where plaques between the 16th and 18th centuries took the most victims. By confronting contemporary sources and the exaggerated summary accounts on the number of the deceased the demographic consequnces of epidemics are in most cases given a more realistic image. Due to temporary closure of the roads the plaque caused most damage in economy, although it was fatal fort he people as well. With sources confirmed portion of the deceased town population during various outbreaks of the plaque exceeded one fifth. In the years 1599 and 1625 the plaque epidemic thoroughly vacated the town Novo mesto, badly affected Metlika and Krško in the years 1646–1647, and in the years 1691–1592 Črnomelj. Not negligible were the human victims of the last large (infectiuos) epidemic in 1715.

*This article is an updated version of the contribution published in the review Kronika 49, 2001, nos. 1–2, pp. 23–64.
Carniola’s Defense Mechanism for Protection against the First Cholera Epidemic in Europe
Authors: Keber Katarina
Published: November 2022

The Habsburg authority fought against the epidemic of cholera, which firstly reached Europe at the beginning of the 30ies of the 18th century, with identical means as they did in the 18th century against plague. With a system of sanitary cordons, they initially protected the state borders, and after the occurrence of the disease within the monarchy, borders of separate provinces as well. From the example of a sanitary cordon on the Carniolan-Croatian border, which was established for the protection against the epidemic in the Hungarian part of the state, the system of controlled passages trough sanitary cordons (rastel) and quarantines is evident, and causes that lead to general further discontinuation of closing borders as a means of defence against cholera.

*The contribution is a translation of the publication in the review Kronika 53, 2005, no. 3, pp. 351–364.
El surgimiento de la idea de involucramiento social en la universidad de los Estados Unidos de América
Authors: Gregorutti Gustavo
Published: November 2022

Desde sus inicios, el sistema de educación superior estadounidense ha estado evolucionadorápidamente hasta tener instituciones muy complejas y dinámicas, con unamplio espectro de misiones. Durante los últimos treinta y cinco años, han surgidocuestionamientos sobre la relevancia de sus contribuciones a la sociedad en su conjunto.De dicho proceso, nace la universidad involucrada que interactúa con la comunidadcomo con una socia para enseñar, investigar y resolver problemas comunes.Este artículo presenta una descripción global del surgimiento del involucramientocomunitario, sus características y desafíos en el contexto de los Estados Unidos.
Analysis of Proteins, Biologics, and Nanoparticles in Biological Fluids Using Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation
Authors: Leeman Mats , Castro Nilsson Alejandra , Nilsson Lars
Published: November 2022

With the increasing interest in biopharmaceuticals such as proteins, antibodies, and nucleic acids, there is a corresponding increase in the need for characterizing such components. Much effort is spent on characterization in the early drug development phases as well as during formulation development and quality control. One parameter that is commonly investigated is the size distribution of the macromolecular components to deduce if there is aggregation or degradation occurring, if conformational changes occur, or if there are interactions with excipients. While the properties of the protein drug in the buffer system or in the pharmaceutical formulation are important, possibly even more interesting are the properties of the drug once it enters the body. Size characterization of macromolecules in biological fluids has traditionally been an area hampered by the complexity of the matrix. The large amount of indigenous components can interfere with commonly applied analytical techniques for size characterization. However, the separation technique asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) has recently shown increasing applicability for the characterization of components in blood plasma and serum. This article reviews some aspects of applying AF4 to plasma, serum, milk, and cerebrospinal fluid in the field of analysis and characterization of proteins, biologics, and nanoparticles in biological fluids.
Empathy level among the Nursing Workforce in the selected Health Institutes in Kathmandu consuming Toronto Empathy Scale
Authors: Thapa Pramila , Konnur Rajesh G , Maharajan Purna Devi , Koirala Namu
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Empathy is an essential ingredient of the nurse-patient relationship. The current study’s goal is to investigate empathy levels and associated demographic variables among the nursing workforce in Kathmandu's selected health institutions. Materials and Methods: cross-sectional study and purposive sampling technique; a total of 89 nursing workforce attained in this study; and online through the Google form was used to collect primary information. TEQ is made up of 16 items that are scored on a 5-point Likert scale as well as sociodemographic data (such as age, qualification, experience, and training). There are a total of 64. A score of >45 shows that the person has a high level of empathy. The data was analyzed using descriptive and multiple regression techniques. Results: The descriptive analysis revealed that mostly 65.2% of the nursing workforce had below-average (<45) empathy scores. In the regression analysis model, beta age had a value of 0.357 and beta education had a value of 0.028. It was discovered that education level and age have a significant impact on empathy. Conclusion: The study found that most of the nursing workforce had below-average empathy scores. However, it is an essential attribute for developing nurse-patient relationships at work. It can be learned and acquired. Key words: Empathy, Nursing Workforce, Toronto Empathy Scale
Pathological Processes in Oral Cavity at Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets (Family Case Reports)
Authors: Japaridze Nino
Published: November 2022

Vitamin D-resistant rickets of X-linked dominant transmission type is caused by pathology of renal tubular apparatus resulting in impaired absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestine; it proceeds with the injuries of varying severity to skeletal system as well as dental and periodontal complex. The purpose of the study is to describe a family case of vitamin D-resistant rickets.
Time Resolved Pulsed Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of formaldehyde Molecules at 266 nm
Authors: Mukred F. Yehya , A. K. Chaudhary,    , Konda . S ,  &  Rasel .A.A.
Published: November 2022

We have reported the time resolved pulsed Photoacoustic (PA) spectrum of formaldehyde molecules (CH2O)  We have introduced newly designed PA resonance   (L2=6.5cm, R2=0.75 cm) coupled with special filter.  The 4th harmonic i.e. 266nm (UV) pulses obtained from Q-switched Nd: YAG laser having 7 ns pulse width is used to excite the resonant modes of the cavity. We have recorded the Photoacoustic spectrum of formaldehyde in time and frequency domains. In addition, we have studied other important factors such as minimum detection limit, incident laser energy,  effect of sample pressure, Acquiescing time and the efficiency of PA cells with different excited modes.
دور الملاحظـــة الميدانية في جمــع البيانـــات النــوعيـــة
Authors: راجــح عبد الرقيب أحمد محمد شميس  و  بهــيــة محـمــد
Published: November 2022

تعد الملاحظة الميدانية مرتكزاً أساسًا في البحوث العلمية بشكل عام، والبحوث النوعية بشكل خاص؛ كونها تمثل المصدر الذي بدأ منه التفكير بمشكلة البحث وتحديدها، كما تمثل استراتيجية مهمة في جمع البيانات؛ للحصول على معلومات عن السلوك الاجتماعي للأحداث والمواقف في السياق الطبيعي؛ وعليه هدف البحث إلى التعرف على دور الملاحظة الميدانية في جمع البيانات النوعية، من حيث المفهوم، والأساليب الإجرائية، والأدوار التي يقوم بها الباحث والمشكلات التي يواجهها.

ولتحقيق أهداف البحث، تم الاعتماد بشكل أساسي على المنهج التحليلي الاستقرائي؛ لأنه المنهج الأنسب لتناول مختلف المواضيع الاجتماعية والإنسانية بشكل عام، وبذلك فقد اعتمد الباحثان في دراستهما على مجموعة من المصادر والمراجع، وتوصل البحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج، منها:

تستخدم الملاحظة الميدانية في البحوث الإثنوغرافية والظاهراتية.

تعد الملاحظة الميدانية أداة داعمة لجمع البيانات، ومصداقياتها في البحوث النوعية

تستخدم الملاحظة الميدانية إلى جانب المقابلة النوعية مما يعزز نتائج البحوث التي تستخدم هذه المنهج.

ضعف استخدام منهجية البحث النوعي محليًا وعربياً.

ضعف استخدام طلبة برامج دكتوراه في الجامعات اليمنية في استخدام المنهج النوعي.

      بناء على نتائج البحث قدم الباحثان مجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات.

 

Abstract

 

    The field observation is an essential basis in scientific research in general, and qualitative research in particular; it represents the source from which the thinking of the research problem began and its identification, it also represents an important strategy in collecting data to obtain information about social behavior of situations in the natural context; and therefore the research goal To identify the role of field observation in collecting qualitative data in terms of concept and methods, roles, problems, pros and cons.

     To achieve the goals and be able to solve the research problem, it was mainly relied on the inductive analytical approach, because it is the most appropriate approach to address various social and human issues in general, and thus the researchers relied on their studies on a set of sources and references, and the research reached a set of results, the most important of which are: scarcity of research Theory in the field of qualitative research locally and in the Arab world, including data collection strategies especially for field observation; the absence of qualitative research in doctoral theaters in the Republic of Yemen, field observation provides a supportive tool for data collection, and the validity and objectivity of qualitative research and its stability. The research presented a set of recommendations and proposals.                                                                              

Key words: field note, participant note, qualitative data, researcher roles, qualitative research.
الطوائف التي انتفت محبة الله عنهم صراحةً في القرآن الكريم
Authors: الحايطي بدير علي محسن
Published: November 2022

يهدفَ هذا البحث إلى بيان الطوائف التي نفى ربنا _عز وجل_ عنهم محبته صراحةً في القرآن الكريم، وهم عشرة أصناف، سلك الباحث فيه المنهجية الموضوعية، وكذا الاستقرائية والتحليلية، مستعيناً في ذلك بأبرز كتب التفسير وعلوم القرآن ومعاجم اللغة المعتبرة، واشتمل هذا البحث على مقدمة ومبحثين وخاتمة، تضمنت المقدمة أهمية البحث وأسباب اختياره، وأهدافه، وحدوده، ومنهج البحث وخطته، وجاء التمهيد لتأصيل صفة البُغض، وتضمَّن المبحث الأول مجموع الطوائف التي انتفت عنهم محبة الله، بينما جاء المبحث الثاني لبيان الآثار المترتبة عن انتفاء محبة الله عن العبد، وخُتم البحث ببيان أهم النتائج والتوصيات التي خلُص إليها الباحث، ومن أبرزها:

أنَّ القرآن الكريم قد صرَّح بذكر عشر طوائف انتفت عنهم المحبة الإلهية، وهم: (المعتدون – المفسدون – الكافرون – الظالمون – أهل الفخر والخُيلاء – الخائنون – المجاهرون بالسوء من القول – المسرفون – المستكبرون – الفرحون من أهل البغي)، وأنَّ انتفاء محبة الله عن العبد تعني استحقاقه البغض والكره والسخط، والطرد من رحمته، أضف إلى ذلك أنَّ ثمَّة أسبابًا هي مَن حرمت هذه الفئات محبة الله، وجلبت لهم ذلك الخسران، وقد ورد ذكرها بألفاظٍ صريحة في القرآن الكريم؛ ترهيباً منه _جلَّ ثناؤه_ لعباده؛ ليتجنبوا إتيانها.
مفهوم المجتمع المدني والدولة عند هيجل
Authors: الشظبي انيسه عبدالهادي احمد
Published: November 2022

يهدف البحث إلى دراسة مفهوم المجتمع المدني والدولة عند هيجل، من خلال مؤلفه (أصول فلسفة الحق)، والذي ناقشنا فيه مسألة الحق المجرد. وخصصنا موضوعاً لشرح الأخلاق الفردية. وذكرنا العناصر التي يقوم عليها المجتمع المدني، وهي نسق الحاجات، وتقسيم العمل، والاعتماد المتبادل. وتطرقنا لرؤيته حول أهمية امتلاك العامل مؤهلات للعمل حتى لا يكون عبئاً على الدولة، كما نوهنا إلى رفضه أعطاء المساعدات للعاطلين عن العمل من الدولة أو المؤسسات الخيرية حتى لا تكون سببا في تثبيطهم عن العمل. وركزنا على وجوب تأسيس النقابات لديه حتى لا يكون هناك صراع بين الأفراد داخل المجتمع المدني ،لأنها تساهم في حل الخلافات التي تنشأ بسبب ظهور المصالح الخاصة . كما وضحنا أهمية هيمنة الدولة على المجتمع المدني من وجهه نظر هيجل بشرط مراعاة حقوق الأفراد، وحرياتهم . وركزنا على أهمية الدستور لديه الذي ينظم الدولة، ويرفض مسألة الفصل بين السلطات الثلاث، لأنها يجب أن تكون كوحدة واحدة، ووجدنا أن الملكية الدستورية هي أفضل أنواع الحكم. وأشرنا إلى بعض الانتقادات التي وجهت له من بعض المفكرين حول مفهوم المجتمع المدني والدولة. والنتيجة أنه أسهم بدور بارز في تطوير الفكر الفلسفي السياسي حتى يومنا هذا .الكلمات المفتاحية: الإطار التاريخي والاجتماعي لفلسفة هيجل- أسس فلسفة الحق-- مفهوم المجتمع المدني والدولة.AbstractThe research aims to explain Hegeal's concept of civil society and state through his book "The Fundamentals of Right Philosophy" that is concerned with the matter of abstract right. We dedicated a topic to explain individual morals. We mentioned the elements that the civil society is based on as the coordination of needs, division of work and mutual dependence. Hence, we illustrated that a worker should be well qualified to work so that he/she is not a burden on the state. In this case, he refused to give unemployed workers aids from the state and charitable institutions because that could demotivate them to work. We focused on his emphasis on establishing syndicates in order to avoid having conflicts within the society and manage disagreements between individuals because of personal benefits. We also explained Hegel's view of the importance of the state to society but taking into consideration their rights and freedom. Hegel rejects the concept of separating the three authorities because they must be as one entity. We have found that constitutional monarchy is the best type of governing for Hegel. Also we referred to of those who criticised Hegel's view about the concept of civil society and the state .In conclusion, we found that Hegel has contributed greatly in the development of political- philosophical thought until this day.
التعمية في الشعر الشعبي اليمني من خلال طريقة (الدرسعية)
Authors: الشرعي إيمان أحمد  صالح
Published: November 2022

يتناول هذا البحث موضوعًا يتعلق بالشعر الشعبي اليمني، وطريقةً سلكها بعض شعرائه في بعض قصائدهم؛ لأغراض معينة، هي طريقة (الدرسعية)، وتعتمد هذه الطريقة على التبادل بين الحروف، حيث يوجد لكل حرف بديل، ويحتاج قارئ هذه النصوص إلى فهم قواعد الدرسعية؛ لفك شفرتها والوصول إلى الكلمات التي قصدها الشاعر، وسيعتمد البحث على القصائد الشعبية التي جاءت بهذه الطريقة؛ بغية معرفة السبب الذي يقف وراء استعمالهم لهذا النوع من الشعر الذي أصبح يعرف لدى الشعراء الشعبيين بالشعر الدرسعي، والفكرة العامة لهذه الطريقة تدخل ضمن التعمية عند العرب،  وتشابه فكرة التاريخ الشعري إلا أن التاريخ الشعري قد اعتمد على الأرقام في حين أن الدرسعية تعتمد على الأحرف، كما أنها تقترب من مفهوم الإلغاز عند البلاغيين، وسيعتمد البحث على المنهجين الوصفي والتحليلي؛ كونهما الأنسب للموضوع، وقد جاء البحث مقسمًا إلى ثلاثة مباحث، مسبوقة بتمهيد، تناول التمهيد مفهوم التعمية وطرقها في مطلبه الأول، ثم جاء المطلب الثاني حول التاريخ الشعري، أما المباحث فقُسِّمت على النحو الآتي:

المبحث الأول- مفهوم الدرسعية وطريقتها.

المبحث الثاني-أصول الطريقة الدرسعية.

المبحث الثالث- نماذج من الشعر الدرسعي.

   وقد توصل البحث إلى عدة نتائج، أبرزها أن الطريقة الدرسعية المتداولة في مجتمع الدراسة قديمة جدًا، تصل إلى أكثر من ستة قرون، وكانت تُعرف بالقلم القُمِّي.

   الكلمات المفتاحية:  التعمية- الدرسعية- الشعر الدرسعي- الإلغاز- التاريخ الشعري.

Abstract :

     The existing paper attends to study a popular poetry and the way that poets follow in their poems for some specific purposes. This way is known as Al-Darsaeeah way. It relies on letters exchanging where there is an alternative letter for each one. The reader of these texts needs to understand the rules of Al-Darseeaeh to resolve its codes to reach the intended meaning of the poet's words. The research attempts to discuss some popular poems that is written in this way, in order, to know the reasons behind using this style of poetry. This kind of poetry is familiar with Al-Darasaee poetry for popular poets. The general idea behind this way comes within  Encipher  for Arabs.  In reality, Al-Darsaeah poetry is similar to poetic history . The only difference is that  poetic history relies on numbers while Al-Darsaeeah relies on letters. Moreover, Al-Dareseeah is similar to puzzles concept for rhetoricians. The research is based on analytical descriptive method.‌Because of being the most suitable method for this research. The research is divided into three sections, preceding by an introduction of 'Encipher' and its types in its first part. The second part includes poetic history. For the sections, they are divided into the following:

The first section- Al-Darsaeeah concept and its style.-

 The second section- The origin of Al-Darsaeeah style.-

The third section- Samples of Al-Darsaeeah poetry.-

The research has gotten to many findings, the most important one is that the current Al-Darsaeeah style in the society of the study is ancient. It returns to more than six centuries; it was known as Al-Qaumi pen.

Keywords: Encipher- Al-Darsaeeah- Darasaee poetry- Puzzle- poetic history.
الحكاية الشعبية في مديرية العرش- دراسة موضوعية
Authors: المجربي آسيا محمد محمد
Published: November 2022

مثلت الحكاية الشعبية جزءًا مهمًا من حياة الشعوب؛ فنقلت لنا الواقع الفكري الذي وصلت إليه، ويأتي هذا البحث ليوثق ويؤصل للحكاية الشعبية في مديرية العرش وما حولها بمحافظة البيضاء، في محاولة لجمعها وتوثيقها ومعرفة الموضوعات التي تناولتها، وذلك من خلال جمع أكبر قدر ممكن من الحكايات المتداولة لدى أصحاب المنطقة، والكشف عن موضوعاتها، وسيتبع البحث المنهج الوصفي، لتتبع هذه الحكايات، وقد تناول البحث الحكاية في أربعة مطالب تطرق  فيها لتعريف الأدب الشعبي وتعريف الحكاية كما تطرق لنشأتها وأنواعها وأهم الموضوعات التي تناولتها.

الكلمات المفتاحية: الأدب الشعبي- الحكاية الشعبية- التراث - الفلكلور.

 

Folk Tale in Al-Arash Directorate in Albaydha Governorate: Objective Stud    

Abstract

Folk tale represents an important part in people life. It conveys the mental reality that it has been reached. The main aim of this research is to document and define the taproots of the folk tales in Al-Arash directorate and its surroundings in Albaydha governorate. This attempt is to collect and document them to know the subjects that it discussed by collecting as much as of these current tales for the owners of this region. Furthermore, the study tends to reveal the subjects of the folk tales. The research is based on an analytical descriptive method. The research deals with folk tale in four sections, including definitions of folk literature and folk tale, folk tale growth, its types and the most important subjects that it discussed.

 

Key Words:Folk Literature, Folk Tale, Heritage, Folklore.
An Ecocritical Reading of D. H. Lawrence’s TheRainbow
Authors: Moqbel Kamel Hizam
Published: November 2022

This paper intends to analyze the Ecological elements in D. H. Lawrence's The Rainbow. It investigates the treatment of nature and how man and nature exchange mutual effects, through three generations, as man moves from rural to industrial era. It traces how the three generations of the Brangwens live in contradictions as they live in a transitional era from country life to city life. The environmental awareness of the Brangwens characters make them sensitive to their natural surroundings. Although the first generation women were attracted to the industrial lights, Ursula returns to nature to be in direct connection with nature. Ursula's unity with nature represents human survival from the industrial capitalist civilization. This attitude towards nature mirrors Lawrence's sound ecological inclinations. Lawrence denounces modern intellectual way of life based on dead mechanical principles. He uses his fiction, particularly The Rainbow, as a means to formulate and theorize his nostalgic doctrine of the organic, blood intimacy of nature as a contrast to the anarchy and apocalypse of modern life. He shows very early awareness of the dangers of modern industry and prophetically anticipated the late 20th century ecocriticism. He has a green thumb to point at the man-nature relationship. It discloses how Lawrence artistically reveals the dreadful effects caused by environmental crisis on nature world. It takes these two masterpieces of Lawrence as a model to show the of industrialism on imaginational literary mind, the description of nature in literature, the abuses of nature under the damaging hand of the human being, the ecofeminism that analyses the parallel between the oppressed women and oppressed nature.

 

KEY WORDS:Ecocriticism, nature, industry, The Rainbow, ecofeminism.
An investigative screening of heavy metal contamination of Amaranthus spp grown along Ibi river-bank,Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors: Bando David Christopher , Prince Emmanuel Ozioma , Sunday Oche Gabriel , Ephraim David Haruna , Jesse Poly Shingu , Nuhu Imbasire
Published: November 2022

Agricultural activities around river bank are popular practice in most riverine areas in Nigeria. Vegetables are the commonest agricultural commodity that are grown around the river bank and are averagely the most consumed food product in Nigeria. An investigative screening of metallic contamination of Amaranthus spp grown in three farms around river Ibi bank showed a level of metallic deposition: Cadmium (Cd), (2.25±0.63, 3.28±0.55, 2.51±0.03) ppm; Lead (Pb), (1.83±0.51, 0.54±0.03, 1.06±0.13) ppm; Mercury (Hg), (0.53±0.01, 1.03±0.01, 0.66±0.01) ppm; Arsenic (As), (0.50±0.72, 0.51±0.06, 0.62±0.15) ppm and Chromium (Cr), (4.26±0.51, 2.66±0.22, 1.75±0.38) ppm. Descending order of the mean concentrations of the trace metals detected from analyzed sample of Amaranthus spp from the three locations are as follows; Farm A: Cr>Cd>As>Pb>Hg, Farm B: Cd>Cr>Hg>Pb>As, Farm C: Cd>Cr>Pb>Hg>As. Amaranthus spp cultivated along Ibi river bank has shown a reasonable amount of deposition of heavy metals, therefore, are not totally safe. The metallic content in Amaranthus spp sample collected in farms along Ibi river bank ranges; 0.50±0.72 to 4.26±0.51 in sample A, 0.51±0.06 to 3.28±0.55 in sample B and 0.62±0.15 to 2.51±0.03 in sample C. The metallic deposition detected from analyzed Amaranthus spp showed values that are above the World Health Organization set permissible limit (Pb-0.3ppm; Cd-0.2 ppm; As-0.5ppm; Hg-0.5ppm; Cr-0.5ppm). Bioaccumulation of these metallic substances in the human system as a result of long-term consumption of the vegetables poses a deleterious health effect. This study aimed at ascertaining the food safety of agricultural products cultivated around Ibi river bank.
Improved Yuanpei computer science teaching: For secured development of developing countries
Authors: Olebara Comfort Chinaza
Published: November 2022

This paper digs into the developmental strides achieved by some countries through the use of skill-oriented computer education. The involvement of the various governments through policy making, implementation, monitoring, funding, curriculum amendments, liberalization of computer science undergraduate program structure, the introduction of skill-oriented projects, is x-rayed. These parameters provide insight into the successful outcomes of these economies through investments in Computer education. The methodology adopted is a review of literature on various Computer Education Policies, Implementation methods adopted, as well as monitoring methods for sustainability. Our findings show that three reviewed Countries were able to develop skills through the researcher’s computer education, that took over the technology world and helped advance their economies. While China focused on Hardware through task-free and funding of hardware-producing companies, the UK, through Raspberry Pi, focused on teacher and students’ training in Software development. The United States on the other hand focused on Research and development and making ICT passing a prerequisite for college. The researcher recommends: Redesign of computer curriculum to teach coding to primary and secondary school students, training of teachers in specialized computer areas, and have them replicate the knowledge to other teachers, federal funding and monitoring of new computer education policies, including a minimum of a credit pass in computer subject as a prerequisite for studying computer science. Finally, the adoption of accelerated skill-based teaching of Computer science in core areas of beneficial disruptive Technology, through an intensive program such as “Yuanpei” would transform and cause desired sustainable development.
Non-arbitrariness in the Tiv grammar: An appraisal of onomatopoeias and sound symbolism
Authors: Aor Terfa , Damkor Torkuma Tyonande , Anyam Pilah Godwin
Published: November 2022

The study entitled ‘Non-arbitrariness in the Tiv grammar: An appraisal of onomatopoeias and sound symbolisms’ has debunked a long acclaimed notion that there is no co-relationship between sounds and meanings; that objects or things are called not because of the resemblance. This study substantiates that Tiv grammar has cornucopious instances of onomatopoeias and sound symbolisms which are non-arbitrary in nature. The objectives of this paper are (i) prove that there is a presence of non-arbitrariness in the Tiv grammar; (ii) classify the concept of non-arbitrariness; (iii) establish that it is easy to comprehend words or expressions that are non-arbitrarily used. Peirce’s (1985) theory of sign has been used in this study to establish a convergence between sounds and meanings. This study used observation method and the data were selected using deliberate sampling. It has been found out that language is beyond arbitrariness as established by scholars. Though existed in minute instances, non-arbitrariness in language usage draws attention to such a word hence its sound aids in memorability and attention-grabbing. It has been discovered that onomatopoeias and sound symbolisms are sources of word-formation in Tiv. Non-arbitrary use of language is responsible for capturing sounding, feeling, looking, tasting or smelling of objects. This study has debunked a hackneyed dictum that human languages are solely arbitrary. This study is recommended to grammarians, linguists, lecturers, students, scholars who may want to establish a nexus between phonology and semantics (phonosemantics), discuss the iconicity in human languages and explore the efficacy of onomatopoeias and sound symbolisms as sources of word formation.
Linguistic roles of surrogate language in the select literary texts
Authors: Aor Terfa , Iorember Margaret Nguemo
Published: November 2022

Language has verbal and nonverbal components and both of them complement each other in our daily communication. The former exists in spoken form and the latter uses body movement, musical instruments and sign language to convey meaning. Surrogate language is synonymous with nonverbal communication. This paper investigates the linguistic roles of surrogate language in the select literary texts. The study explores different media of surrogate language and states the roles of surrogate language in literary texts. This study adopts Katz, Blumler and Gurevitch’s Uses and Gratifications Theory. This theory states that audience use the mass media for their own purposes such as information, entertainment, messages, announcements and advertisements. The researcher selected seven literary texts using non-probability sampling method with particular reference to purposive sampling. The researcher made use of both primary and secondary sources such as textbooks, journal articles, theses and dictionaries. The author read, selected and jotted down surrogate language for easy presentation and analysis. It has been found out that in surrogate language, blind people can hear the sounds of the musical instruments and understand, deaf people can see the eye contacts of the speakers without bothering about the speech.
Translation services in Tunde Kelani’s film medium of ‘Thunderbolt-Mágùn’ production as evince of cultural credences
Authors: Taiwo Victor ‘Túnjí
Published: November 2022

Translation refers to the process of rendering of words or text from one language to another as a means of communication that gives meaning to a linguistics discourse from source to target languages for comprehension. Film as a mode of communication is used by individuals to express their thoughts based on representations by creating the illusions through moving images. Hence, in projecting the culture of the people, translation becomes inevitable channel of communication for comprehension of cultural ideas from source to target languages. The paper aims to examine the culture of translation services in films in consonance with the considerable modes of translations: subtitling, simultaneous, documentary and source to target language translations. The study employed qualitative research that uses content analysis design with the use of textual, verbal content analysis in film. A video-film of Tunde Kelani with Yoruba cultural elements has been purposively selected for translation discourse and meanings: Thunderbolt-Mágùn. The study is hinged on Error Analysis theory as appropriately employed for cultural translation discourses. Findings revealed that wrongly used words in describing situations in the process of translation by subtitling, simultaneous type of translations are crucial aspect of filmic interactions. Also, the Yoruba cultural beliefs and traditions are significantly reflected in songs, and also serve as means of expressing the people’s emotions and opinions. These form important aspects of the filmic interactions through which the audience comprehend the messages.
Building Evaluation Criteria for Science and Technology Enterprise Development at the Provincial Level
Authors: Uyen Nguyen Dinh , Tuan Nguyen Anh , Nguyen To The , Bao Nguyen Duc , Huong Nguyen Thi Lan , Quynh Pham Ngoc Huong
Published: November 2022

The article analyses the development of science and technology (S&T) firms in a province in light of the provincial government's economic management. The article presents a set of criteria for evaluating S&T enterprise development at the provincial level by analyzing criteria for evaluating the management activities of provincial state agencies and criteria for assessing the level of enterprise development at the provincial level. This set of criteria will serve as the premise for analyzing and evaluating the existing state of S&T business development in a province, thereby enabling the identification of the businesses' successes and limitations and the development of solutions to encourage their greater growth.
The Impact of Formalization on Firm Productivity: An Application of the Fa ̈re-Primont Index
Authors: Van Huong Vu , Tuyen Tran Quang , Dao Le Van , Trung Dam Quang
Published: November 2022

The study uses panel data and a two-step GMM estimation to figure out how formalization of firms affects Vietnam's total factor productivity (TFP) and its decompositions. TFP is broken down into output-oriented technical efficiency (OTE), (ii) output-oriented scale efficiency (OSE), and (iii) residual mixed efficiency based on the Faure-Primont (FP) index (RME). So, the mechanism of the formalization process can be thought of in different ways to improve corporate performance. The results show that formalization played a important role in the rise of TFP, OSE, and RME of SMEs in Vietnam. The findings imply that it is important to improve the business environment and formalization, which in turn promote productivity.
Fast and Sustainable Development Space in Vietnam by a Multi-Dimension Approach
Authors: Hung Ly Dai
Published: November 2022

The paper accesses the fast and sustainable development of the Vietnam economy in the 1990-2020 period. The content of fast and sustainable development is approached by multidimensions with the decomposition of fast development analyzed by two dimensions - time-series and spatial. The decomposition of sustainable development is approached by two notions including weak and strong sustainability. Qualitative and quantitative analysis is employed, based on a vector auto-regression model and cross-section regression, with the dataset reflecting Vietnam and the world economy. The evidence records that Vietnam has achieved the time-series-dimension fast development combined with weak sustainability as well as spatial-dimension fast development combined with weak sustainability, but not the time-series-dimension fast development combined with strong sustainability as well as spatial-dimension fast development combined with strong sustainability.
Scotland and America in the Age of Paine: Ideas of liberty and the making of four Americans
Authors: Crawford Ronald Lyndsay
Published: November 2022

Thomas Paine is rightly regarded as among the most influential of English political iconoclasts. His two best-known works – Common Sense (1776) and Rights of Man (1791) – ensured his remarkable success in positioning himself, both literally and literarily, at the forefront of both the American and French revolutions. It is no exaggeration that Paine’s works lie at the heart of popular revolutionary sentiment as it came to express itself in the later eighteenth century. For that reason they were regarded at one level as manifestos of the crying need for social and political change, but at the same time by government and the law as dangerous instruments of sedition and republicanism. In this new title from Aberdeen University Press, Dr Ronald Crawford explores how, in both Scotland and America, Paine’s brand of radicalism took particular hold, though only for a limited period – the ‘Age of Paine’. Part One of the book explores American themes discoverable in the works of Francis Hutcheson, David Hume, Adam Smith and Adam Ferguson; the explosive political impact within Scotland of Rights of Man (1776); and how Scottish precedents, through the writings of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, helped shape the educational system of the early United States. Part Two examines the careers of four Scots emigrants who made distinguished contributions to the American ideal of liberty: the ‘bookman’ Robert Aitken who employed Paine as contributing editor of his Pennsylvania Magazine; John Witherspoon, President of the College of New Jersey, one of the signatories to the Declaration of Independence in 1776; the radical poet, Alexander Wilson, whose (very different) Scottish and American careers are re-examined with the help of newly found original sources; and the lawyer from Fife, James Wilson, another signer, whose remarkable contributions to the evolution of the US Constitution are considered from the point of view of his indebtedness to numerous Scottish sources.
English Law and Terminology
Authors: Richards Claudina , Mollica Viviana
Published: November 2022

English Law and Terminology is an ideal book for students and practitioners alike wishing to gain a better understanding of English law and the particular features of the common law. The fully updated edition provides a comprehensive introduction to the key areas of English law, including constitutional law, equity and trusts, contract law, the law of tort, commercial law and company law. Written in a clear and concise way, the book ensures its being accessible to all. Essential vocabulary is highlighted throughout, and each chapter contains a section on legal terminology to assist the readers in developing their legal English.
Klausurtraining
Authors: Sauer Heiko
Published: November 2022

Das Klausurtraining richtet sich an Studierende, die sich mit dem Anforderungsprofil verwaltungsrechtlicher Klausuren vertraut machen wollen. Eine Einführung in die verwaltungsrechtliche Fallbearbeitung veranschaulicht, warum man im Verwaltungsrecht auf Strukturwissen an Stelle von Details setzen sollte und wie dies gelingt.

Die Klausuren decken den examensrelevanten Stoff des allgemeinen Verwaltungsrechts einschließlich des Staatshaftungsrechts und des Verwaltungsprozessrechts ab. Sie gehen aber auch auf Fallgestaltungen des besonderen Verwaltungsrechts (Straßen-, Gaststätten-, Beamten-, Immissionsschutz-, Gewerbe- und Ordnungsrecht) ein, die typischerweise in Kombination mit Problemen des allgemeinen Verwaltungsrechts geprüft werden.