bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introducing Polish History to Understand Poland’s Present
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland), Czyżniewski Marcin
Published: February 2017

Book Review: Jarosław Kłaczkow, Andrzej Radzimiński & Stanisław Roszak, The History of Poland. A Nation and State between West and East. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek 2014 (pp. 315). ISBN 978–83–7780–857–3. Price: 42.25 PLN.
An Alternative for the International Order: The Chinese Perspective
Authors:   University of Gdańsk (Poland), Łagiewska Magdalena
Published: February 2017

Book Review: Lin Jingzhi, Pu Pin, Wybór Chin. Pokojowy rozwój i budowa harmonijnego świata. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek 2013 (pp. 186). ISBN 978–83–7780–620–3. Price: PLN 33.81.
The Identity of Security Studies
Authors:   University of Szczecin (Poland), Czapiewski Tomasz
Published: February 2017

Book Review: Stanisław Sulowski (ed.), Tożsamość nauk o bezpieczeństwie. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek 2015 (pp. 217). ISBN 978–83–8019–120–4. Price: PLN 33.81.
Weed seedbank community composition in a 35-yr-old tillage and rotation experiment
Authors: Sosnoskie Lynn M. , Herms Catherine P. , Cardina John
Published: February 2017

Knowledge about how the type, timing, and arrangement of cultural practices influence weed species composition is important for understanding the ecological results of control strategies and designing alternative crop management systems. We evaluated weed seed density, diversity, and community composition from 1997 to 1999 in a 35-yr-old study comparing cropping sequences (continuous corn, corn–soybean, corn–oat–hay) and tillage systems (conventional, minimum, and no-tillage) in Wooster, OH. Weed seedbank diversity, as measured by species richness (S), evenness (J), and the Shannon–Weiner index (H′), was influenced by crop diversity; mean values for each of the indices were generally higher for all combinations of the three-crop sequence than for the corn monoculture or the corn–soybean rotation. Except for 1998, mean seed density (to a depth of 10 cm) was higher in continuous cornthan in corn and soybean rotationsSpecies richness and seed density were also affected by tillage. Mean values forand mean germinable seedswere greatest in the no-tillage system, where the soil was disturbed only by the coulter units of the planter. Differences in weed seedbank community composition among tillage and rotation treatments were examined using two multivariate analyses. Using a multiresponse permutation procedure and canonical discriminant analysis, results suggest that the weed seed community in a corn–oat–hay rotational system differs in structure and composition from communities associated with continuous corn and corn–soybean systems. Additionally, germinable weed seed communities in no-tillage differed in composition from those in conventional and minimum tillage. Crop sequence and tillage system influenced weed species density and diversity and therefore community structure. Manipulation of these factors could help reduce the negative impact of weeds on crop production.
Resistance to chlortoluron in a downy brome (Bromus tectorum) biotype
Authors: Menendez Julio , Bastida Fernando , de Prado Rafael
Published: February 2017

A downy brome population in a winter wheat field at Córdoba, Spain, survived use rates of chlortoluron (2.5 to 3.5 kg ai ha−1) over 2 consecutive yr, where wheat monoculture and multiple annual chlortoluron applications had been carried out. The resistant (CR) biotype showed a higher ED50value (7.4 kg ai ha−1; the concentration required for 50% reduction of fresh weight) than the susceptible (S) control (2.2 kg ai ha−1), with a 3.4-fold increase in chlortoluron tolerance. Chlortoluron resistance in the CR downy brome biotype was not caused by altered absorption, translocation, or modification of the herbicide target site but by enhanced detoxification. The inhibition of both the recovery of photosynthetic electron transport and chlortoluron metabolism in the CR biotype due to the presence of the Cyt P450 inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT) indicates that herbicide metabolism catalyzed by Cyt P450 monooxygenases is related to chlortoluron resistance in CR plants. Although both biotypes degraded chlortoluron byN-dealkylation and ring-methyl hydroxylation and seem to share the same ability to form polar conjugates, degradation in the resistant biotype is more efficacious as this biotype metabolizes the parent herbicide faster and to a greater extent than its susceptible counterpart. The ability of the susceptible biotype to ring-hydroxylate chlortoluron, albeit at much slower rate, probably explains its moderate tolerance to chlortoluron observed in the growth assays and its minor photosynthetic electron transport recovery observed in fluorescence measurements.
Estimated corn yields using either weed cover or rated control after pre-emergence herbicides
Authors: Donald William W.
Published: February 2017

Because soil-residual PRE herbicides reduce and delay annual weed emergence and decrease later weed growth, susceptible weeds surviving or recovering from herbicide treatment reduce crop yields less than do untreated weeds. Recently, corn yields were shown to be reduced differently by untreated weeds emerging in and between crop rows. However, equations have not been reported before that relate corn yield to in-row and between-row weed cover of mixed weed populations recovering from PRE soil-residual herbicides. Published data from PRE herbicide screening research for 3 site-yr in Missouri were reanalyzed to characterize this relation. In-row and between-row weed cover of mixed weed populations, chiefly giant foxtail and common waterhemp, were measured from photographs at midsummer. In 2 of 3 site-yr and with the 3 site-yr average, corn yields were a nonlinear function of both in-row and between-row weed cover recovering from various PRE soil-residual herbicide treatments. In 1 of 3 site-yr, corn yields were a nonlinear function of only between-row total weed cover. Subdividing weed cover into in-row and between-row subpopulations in equations accounted for more data variability in yield estimates than including either subpopulation alone. For all 3 site-yr after PRE herbicide treatment, corn yields were a nonlinear function of only between-row visually rated total weed control. Visual evaluation was less sensitive than photographic weed cover for measuring the contribution of in-row weeds to corn yield loss and characterizing the functional form of the equations.
Do light acclimation mechanisms reduce the effects of light-dependent herbicides in duckweed (Lemna minor)?
Authors: Artetxe Unai , Hernández Antonio , García-Plazaola José I. , Becerril José M.
Published: February 2017

This research studies whether photoprotection mechanisms are able to counterbalance the short-term effect of two herbicides, acifluorfen methyl (AFM) and paraquat (PQ), that generate photo-oxidative stress in different subcellular locations. Duckweed plants grown under three light intensities (high-, medium-, and low light), and consequently expressing three levels of photoprotection, were exposed to both herbicides under the same light regime. Oxidative damage induced by AFM originated mainly from the cytosolic accumulation of protoporphyrin IX, leading to a process of plasma membrane disruption, a progressive and slow degradation of ascorbate and photosynthetic pigments, and glutathione accumulation. As most photoprotective mechanisms (antioxidants and xanthophylls-cycle-related energy dissipation) operate mainly within the chloroplast, these systems were unable to protect plants from AFM damage irrespective of the level of light acclimation. Paraquat effects developed more rapidly and to a greater extent than AFM in treated plants. Irrespective of the light intensity, the same sequence of degradation was observed: ascorbate followed by glutathione, α-tocopherol, pigments, and membrane disruption. In PQ-treated plants the generation of oxidative stress occurred mainly in the chloroplast, and cellular damage developed more slowly in highly photoprotected plants (high light); in fact, electrolyte leakage can be used as a marker for PQ tolerance. The effects of both herbicides indicate that the xanthophyll cycle is an early protective mechanism and confirms the central role of ascorbate in early photoprotection response. High levels of lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant contents did not lead to attenuated phytotoxicity of acifluorfen methyl and thus are not the basis to explain differential susceptibilities among duckweed plants.
Using remote sensing for identification of late-season grass weed patches in wheat
Authors: López-Granados Francisca , Jurado-Expósito Montse , Peña-Barragán Jose M. , García-Torres Luis
Published: February 2017

Field research was conducted to determine the potential of hyperspectral and multispectral imagery for late-season discrimination and mapping of grass weed infestations in wheat. Differences in reflectance between weed-free wheat and wild oat, canarygrass, and ryegrass were statistically significant in most 25-nm-wide wavebands in the 400- and 900-nm spectrum, mainly due to their differential maturation. Visible (blue, B; green, G; red, R) and near infrared (NIR) wavebands and five vegetation indices: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI), R/B, NIR-R and (R − G)/(R + G), showed potential for discriminating grass weeds and wheat. The efficiency of these wavebands and indices were studied by using color and color-infrared aerial images taken over three naturally infested fields. In StaCruz, areas infested with wild oat and canarygrass patches were discriminated using the indices R, NIR, and NDVI with overall accuracies (OA) of 0.85 to 0.90. In Florida–West, areas infested with wild oat, canarygrass, and ryegrass were discriminated with OA from 0.85 to 0.89. In Florida–East, for the discrimination of the areas infested with wild oat patches, visible wavebands and several vegetation indices provided OA of 0.87 to 0.96. Estimated grass weed area ranged from 56 to 71%, 43 to 47%, and 69 to 80% of the field in the three locations, respectively, with per-class accuracies from 0.87 to 0.94. NDVI was the most efficient vegetation index, with a highly accurate performance in all locations. Our results suggest that mapping grass weed patches in wheat is feasible with high-resolution satellite imagery or aerial photography acquired 2 to 3 wk before crop senescence.
The Scale of Global Modernisms: Imperial, National, Regional, Local
Authors: Ram Harsha
Published: February 2017

One of the Principal Challenges Facing the Study of Global Modernisms, as of Any Transnational Cultural Phenomenon, is the question of scale. In declaring the contemporary world to be “one, andunequal,” several recent theorizations of world literature rest on the foundational assumption of a unified—albeit uneven—planetary scale (Moretti, “Conjectures” 56; see also Casanova 62-74; WREC 6-12). As such they model the dynamic of literary circulation across world regions according to the geographic distances, as well as the disproportionate access to socioeconomic and cultural resources, that separate and distinguish the world's centers from their peripheries. These distances, and the inequalities they generate, are perceived as the necessary by-products of two spatial logics, that of the expanding world market and that of the modern Westphalian system of sovereign and competing nation-states. To posit the modern world as a singular system has the undoubted merit of acknowledging the structural connectedness of its operative inequalities, arising from the territorial partition of the globe by the imperial powers during the final decades of the nineteenth century and from its simultaneous unification in the wake of accelerating trade and new infrastructures of transport and communication. Nevertheless, the premise of a singular modernity (Jameson 142) has been repeatedly challenged (Chakrabarty 6-16; Mitchell; Scott 113-15; Orsini). It has been faulted for its developmentalist logic, involving an implied or explicit adherence to the related assumptions of linear or stadial historicism and spatial diffusionism, which together reduce the negotiated impact of modernity on the world's far-flung regions to a process of top-down modernization originating in and imposed by the West. The force of this critique is blunted once the world system (Wallerstein; Hopkins et al.) is grasped as a profoundly uneven totality, allowing us to view the multiply differentiated space-times that coexist in the global present as produced by the imbalances constituting the world system as such (in literary scholarship, see Anderson, “Modernity”; Moretti,Modern Epic50-52; Wollaeger 13-14; Lazarus 232-41, WREC 1-95; for corresponding debates in historiography and the social sciences, see Harootunian 62-63; Cooper 113-49; Chibber).
Neocoductive Ruminations
Authors: Ochiagha Terri
Published: February 2017

I Was Born in Spain to a Spanish Mother and a Nigerian Father. I Moved to Nigeria on the Day That I Turned Seven and remained in the country for nine years. The interplay between my cultural liminality and an early aestheticism has determined my experience of literature—first as a precocious reader and later as a teacher and scholar.

My first literary diet, like that of many children, consisted of fairy tales and abridged classics. At primary school in Nigeria, our English textbooks featured passages from African novels to teach reading comprehension. While I found the short storylines interesting, their pedagogical use meant that I did not perceive them as “literature”—a word that I associated with stories to wonder at, get lost in, and daydream about. At the age of nine I graduated to unabridged Dickens novels and Shakespeare plays alongside Mark Twain'sThe Adventures of Tom SawyerandThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, supplementing my diet with Spanish chivalric romances such as Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo'sAmadís de Gaula(1508) and Francisco Vázquez'sPalmerín de Oliva(1511). Apart from a sense of intrigue, these two works gave me respite from an unrelenting sense of otherness. They provided vicarious adventure, and their settings reminded me of the Castilian castles that formed part of my early-childhood landscape.
Crossrail project: managing geotechnical risk on London’s Elizabeth line
Authors: Black Mike
Published: February 2017

Understanding the ground and the specific geotechnical risks it presented was critical for successful delivery of Crossrail, the £14·8 billion project to deliver the Elizabeth line east–west railway across London, UK. Focusing specifically on the central tunnelled section, this paper describes the broad geological setting of the scheme and what were initially perceived to be the key geotechnical hazards. It further describes, with selected examples, how through detailed desk studies, targeted ground investigations and comprehensive client-led interpretative reporting, the specific risks posed by these hazards were more clearly defined. Appropriate mitigation was then developed both during design and delivery to eliminate or reduce these risks to manageable levels.
Chloride transport in cracked RC beams under dry–wet cycles
Authors: Lu Chun-Hua , Li Hui , Liu Rong-Gui
Published: February 2017

The coupled effect of transverse cracking and cyclic drying–wetting conditions on chloride penetration in concrete is explored in this paper. The transport mechanisms of chloride in cracked concrete subjected to drying–wetting cycles are described and simplified. An experimental investigation was conducted for sustained cracked concrete beams and the results are reported here. It is found that the depth interval of the convection region in cracked concrete varies from approximately 10 to 20 mm, which is slightly greater than that found in sound concrete. Also, it increases with the increase in crack width and decreases with the increase in fly ash content. At the cracked sections, the speed of chloride penetration is increased by the presence of cracks. It is shown that the modified diffusion model is still practicable for describing the chloride distribution in transversely cracked concrete when the crack width is within a range close to 0·30 mm. Finally, a regressive relationship between equivalent chloride diffusion coefficient, DCleq, and crack width, wcr, is proposed with a quadratic function of crack effect.
Dynamic measurements using digital image correlation
Authors: Murray Chris A. , Hoult Neil A. , Take W. Andy
Published: February 2017

Digital image correlation (DIC), which enables non-contact measurement of displacements and strains, has seen widespread adoption within the geotechnical physical modelling community for the measurement of static displacements. Advances in high temporal resolution cameras now permit the use of DIC to calculate accelerations. However, it is currently unclear how the image acquisition rate and the choice of DIC algorithm influence the quality of this data. This paper describes the sources of error that affect the dynamic measurement accuracy. Numerical and physical experiments are used to demonstrate the relevance of (a) bias error in the sub-pixel interpolation scheme, (b) the ratio of sample rate to the frequency of the signal being monitored and (c) the signal-to-noise ratio on the accuracy and precision of DIC acceleration measurements. The results demonstrate that by using appropriate image texture, sampling frequencies and signal-to-noise ratios, measurements with an accuracy similar to accelerometers can be achieved. The displacement measurement error due to bias errors was found to be 0·0015 pixels. The error in the calculated velocity and acceleration was a function of the amplitude of displacement measurements with an optimum ratio between the sampling frequency to the signal frequency found to be between 25 and 50.
Settlement-induced bending moments on pile-founded floodwalls
Authors: Kokkali Panagiota , Tessari Anthony , Abdoun Tarek , Varuso Richard , Johnson Jehu , Filz George , Reeb Alexander
Published: February 2017

T-walls are pile-supported floodwalls commonly built in New Orleans. They are founded on long concrete or steel battered piles and include a sheet pile cut off for seepage and gradient control. Since soils in southern Louisiana contain soft and compressible silt and clay, these floodwalls need to be designed to resist flood loads and loads produced by consolidation of soft soil under the weight of new fill. In an attempt to develop a comprehensive T-wall design procedure that appropriately considers field conditions, the United States Army Corps of Engineers New Orleans District partnered with Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. A testing programme was developed to perform centrifuge tests that would provide insight into the mechanisms and magnitudes of settlement-induced bending moments and reliable datasets for validation of numerical models. This paper describes the experimental approach and presents two centrifuge tests with T-walls resting directly on clay. The bending moments on the battered piles significantly increased under the weight of the new fill. With settlement around the piles reaching values of 1·5 m, the bending moments at least doubled over the testing course, with maximum values observed at the top third of the pile length.
Memoria social y violencia en el fútbol, recuerdos institucionalizados en la prensa de la ciudad de Medellín
Authors: Vélez-Maya Margarita María , Arboleda-Ariza Juan Carlos
Published: February 2017

Introducción: el presente artículo es producto de la investigación “Construcciones de memoria social en torno a la violencia asociada al fútbol: análisis del discurso en el diario El Colombiano de la ciudad de Medellín”. Objetivo: el propósito de la investigación fue comprender las construcciones de memoria social de la violencia en el fútbol en la prensa. Metodología: este estudio se desarrolló desde un enfoque cualitativo, a través del análisis del discurso, mediante el cual se exploraron estrategias discursivas y funciones de las narraciones que se emplean para referirse al fenómeno. Se llevó a cabo el análisis de 188 artículos periodísticos producidos en el diario El Colombiano en el periodo comprendido entre el 2010 y el 2015. Resultados: se presentan las memorias cristalizadas de la violencia en el fútbol, que son narraciones históricas como el recuerdo de un pasado ideal sin violencia; los inicios de la violencia: el 5-0 de Colombia contra Argentina y la muerte de Andrés Escobar; y el establecimiento de la violencia: la relación del narcotráfico con el fútbol y la influencia de los hooligans y las barras bravas. Conclusiones: es posible plantear que la prensa tiene un lugar privilegiado en la institucionalización y la circulación de memorias en relación con el fútbol y la violencia.
Conflicto trabajo-familia: un estudio con padres e hijos adultos
Authors: Andrade Cláudia
Published: February 2017

Introducción: el conflicto entre trabajo y familia se ha estudiado en diferentes contextos. Los estudios para el contexto portugués identifican su existencia y denotan que es sentido con mayor frecuencia por las mujeres. Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio es aportar a la comprensión de esta realidad, junto a familias portuguesas con un hijo adulto. Se busca percibir en qué medida factores asociados a la generación —comparando padres e hijos— y factores de género pueden hacer variar la percepción de conflicto de roles. Método: el estudio se realizó con 48 triadas familiares: padre, madre e hijo adulto. Resultados: estos señalan que las diferencias entre generaciones no son evidentes, ya que madres e hijos presentan percepciones más elevadas de conflicto trabajo-familia-trabajo y se distinguen solo en relación con los padres. Igualmente, en cuanto al conflicto familia-trabajo, los tres grupos (madres e hijos) presentan también valores más elevados en esta dimensión del conflicto y solo se diferencian de los padres. Conclusiones: los resultados, si bien no corroboran las hipótesis relativas a posibles diferencias de generación y género, evidencian la importancia de estas dimensiones en el análisis del conflicto trabajo-familia y aportan a la comprensión del conflicto trabajo- familia en el contexto portugués.
Odyssey Western Blot Blocker Optimization for Near-Infrared (NIR) Detection (nitrocellulose membrane) v1
Authors: Biosciences LI-COR
Published: February 2017

This protocoldescribes a method to determine optimal blocking conditions for NIR Western blot detection with the Odyssey family of Imagers. It is for use with the Odyssey Nitrocellulose membrane.
Engagement, autoeficacia, optimismo y situación laboral en docentes de educación básica
Authors: Ros Pérez-Chuecos Rita
Published: February 2017

Resumen. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el grado de optimismo,  engagement, autoeficacia y satisfacción laboral en  docentes de un centro de Primaria de la Región de Murcia, teniendo en cuenta la corriente de Psicología Positiva. En el estudio participaron 30 personas, de los cuales 4 eran hombres y 26 mujeres. La media de edad fue 37,13 (dt=5,72).

Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS (versión 20.00). Para el análisis de diferencias se utilizaron pruebas no paramétricas, U de Mann-Whitney para dos muestra independiente y Kruskal-Wallis para K muestras independientes. Para el estudio de las relaciones entre variables se utilizó el análisis de correlación de Spearman. Los resultados indicaron que los trabajadores con una situación laboral en intirinidad presentaban más vigor, dedicación, autoeficacia y satisfacción intrínseca que los trabajadores que tenían una situación fija.
Sobre a definição terminológica
Authors: Moreira Bruna Elisa da Costa
Published: February 2017

O presente artigo aborda aspectos que concernem à prática lexicográfica e terminográfica; particularmente, a questão da definição. O objetivo é prover um modelo satisfatório de definição terminológica e, para tanto, este estudo pretende investigar, na prática, como se elabora uma definição lexicográfica, de modo a consubstanciar tal modelo. De caráter descritivo e analítico, o trabalho é baseado em revisão de literatura, bem como na análise de definições de cinco obras – (i) Oxford English dictionary (ii) Cambridge dictionary; (iii) Dicionário de usos do português do Brasil; (iv) Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa; e (v) Wordnik online dictionary. O artigo orienta-se pelos procedimentos metodológicos do “Roteiro para avaliação de dicionários e glossários científicos e técnicos”, de Faulstich (2011), e apresenta como resultado um modelo simples e conciso de definição terminológica, concluindo com alguns exemplos da aplicação desse modelo.
Clinical profile of carcinoma breast cases at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Almas Arifa
Published: February 2017

Background: Breast carcinoma is a serious health problem and is among the major health issues in India. Also, it has a relatively early age presentation in this part of the world. Present study describes the features like age at presentation, clinical stage at presentation and incidence of regional lymph node involvement and distant metastases among the breast cancer patients at Government Medical College, Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh, India.Methods: This hospital-based descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh state of India. Fifty patients with a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer were included in the study. The details like age at presentation, clinical stage at presentation and incidence of regional lymph node involvement and distant metastases among the breast cancer patients were described and tabulated.Results: Youngest patient of the series was aged 30 years whereas the oldest was aged 65 years. Maximum patients belonged to 41 to 50 years age group. Stage wise distribution of cases reflected that Stage III was the most common stage at presentation. Majority of the cases had lymph node involvement (90%). Liver metastasis was seen in 8 cases (16%), of which, 2 cases had ascites. There were 6 cases of lung metastasis, of which 2 cases had pleural effusion and remaining 4 cases showed solitary metastasis. 6 cases of osseous metastasis were observed, out of which, 2 cases had skull metastasis and 4 cases had spine involvement.Conclusions: It was found that the age group in majority of the patients was younger as compared to Western world and this finding is in line with data from India and other Asian regions. Also, there was a presentation at a later stage of disease in our study population.
Laparoscopic versus open mesh repair of unilateral inguinal hernia: a comparative study
Authors: P. B. Sudarshan , B. S. Sundaravadanan , V. P. Kaarthik , S. Prabu Shankar
Published: February 2017

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is now one of the most commonly performed general surgical procedures in practice. Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair was started in year 1999 and since then has gained popularity over the last 2 decades. The introduction of a laparoscopic technique has sparked a debate in the literature over the superiority of this method versus open repair. Even though for bilateral and recurrent inguinal hernias, laparoscopic approach is recommended, there is not enough literature to recommend its routine use in unilateral inguinal hernia repair.Methods: A randomised prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital, comparing both Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair and lichensteins tension free mesh repair as treatment modalities for unilateral inguinal hernia. Total number of patients in the study group was 60. Patients who were willing for the study were selected for the open or laparoscopic procedure in a randomised way. Open procedure was done by 2 senior surgeons and laparoscopic procedure was performed by 2 other senior surgeons at associate professor designation. Various parameters like the complication rate, post-operative pain, post-operative stay and time to return to work were analysed.Results: Out of the 60 patients, 30 patients underwent open inguinal hernia repair and another 30 patients underwent Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. The mean age group was 46.73 in open surgery group and 42.10 in laparoscopic group. 23.3% of the patients in open hernioplasty developed seroma, hematoma in the post-operative period. Whereas 10% had seroma collection in laparoscopic group. No incidence of recurrence in both the groups. No significant difference in pain score between both the groups during immediate post-operative period on POD 0, however there was significant difference in pain score on POD 3 (mean pain in open group 4.13 and lap group 2.87) and POD 7(mean pain in open group 2.90 and lap group 1.23). Mean duration of stay in hospital for open hernioplasty was 7.8 days and for Laparoscopic hernioplasty was 3.07 days. Mean duration of return to work in open hernioplasty was 14.37 days and in laparoscopy group was 9.13 days.Conclusions: There are potential benefits for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair over lichtenstein’s repair for unilateral inguinal hernias in terms of post-operative pain, hospital stay and early return to work.
Prevalence of previously undiagnosed hypothyroidism in patients with cholelithiasis in a tertiary care center, North-East India
Authors: Singha Debabrata , Pawar Naresh Manohar , B. J. Prabhu , Kumar Nitesh , Gopalarathnam Sankamithra
Published: February 2017

Background: Earlier, the studies had an increased prevalence of previously diagnosed hypothyroidism in gallstone patient and recent studies also demonstrated low bile flow in hypothyroid subjects or the sphincter of oddi expresses thyroid hormone receptors and thyroxin has a direct prorelaxing effect on the sphincter. Iceberg of hypothyroidism was present in cholelithiasis patients. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of previously undiagnosed hypothyroidism in cholelithiasis patients.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the 500 consecutive patients with cholelithiasis between 1st October 2014 and 31st March 2016 to find relation between gallstone and hypothyroidism. Patients already diagnosed as hypothyroidism were excluded. In each patients, detailed history and clinical examination was done and sent for ultrasound of neck for goitre detection and laboratory Thyroid hormone assay (S-FT3, S-FT4 and S-TSH).Results: A total of 2.2%, 5.0% and 6.6% (total 13.8%, 69 of 500) of the cholelithiasis patients were diagnosed to have clinical, subclinical and borderline subclinical hypothyroidism. In women older than 50 year, the prevalence of clinical and subclinical plus borderline-hypothyroidism was 6.8% and 25.6% (11.7%±13.9%) and clinical plus subclinical plus borderline-subclinical hypothyroidism was 32.4% in cholelithiasis patients.Conclusions: Although a low prevalence of hypothyroidism was found in this study, but it is evident that subclinical and borderline subclinical hypothyroidism were significantly more common, compared with the clinical hypothyroidism and with increasing age there was increase in its prevalence, so we recommend that S-TSH level should be measured for every patient with cholelithiasis older than 50 years.
Respiratory distress in vigorous babies born through meconium stained amniotic fluid: incidence, onset, risk factors and predictors at birth
Authors: Prakash Kulkarni Poornima , B. K. Shilpa Dinesh
Published: February 2017

Background: One in every seven pregnancies ends with meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). MSAF can be harmful to the newborn with short and long-term sequelae. This study was aimed to find out the incidence, predictors, onset and severity of respiratory distress among vigorous babies born through meconium stained amniotic fluid which may or may not be evident at birth.Methods: It is a prospective observational study. One hundred forty-one neonates were studied. Data was collected on perinatal risk factors, clinical course and development of respiratory distress. Significance of the perinatal risk factors were identified by fisher’s exact test (p-value) and score based on odds ratio was assigned for significant risk factors. Results: This study included one hundred and forty-one vigorous babies born through meconium stained amniotic fluid, of which 36.9% (52) babies developed respiratory distress. Of the 52 babies who developed respiratory distress 19.23%(10 babies) developed meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). In our study, it was observed factors like caesarean section and thick meconium increased risk of respiratory distress in the neonates born through meconium stained amniotic fluid who were vigorous.Conclusions: The incidence of respiratory distress in vigorous babies born through meconium stained liquor in this study was observed to be 36.9% (52 babies). 98.07% (51 babies) developed respiratory distress at birth or within one hour of life. All the babies who developed MAS had mild or moderate form of MAS. None of the babies required assisted ventilation. Risk factors like thick meconium, caesarean section showed significant increase in the incidence of respiratory distress. Therefore intrapartum monitoring and timely intervention can prevent the complications of MAS.
ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS DO PROGRAMA DE AQUISIÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS (PAA) NA COOPERCINCO
Authors: FERKO GEORGIA PATRICIA DA SILVA , Leandro Ediane Rodrigues , Arantes Emerson Clayton , Da Rosa Jaqueline Silva
Published: February 2017

Este estudo busca entender a influência da cultura cooperativista e da diversidade cultural nas cooperativas do ramo agropecuário do estado de Roraima. Para atender ao objetivo proposto, a estratégia metodológica escolhida foi a realização de pesquisa qualitativa de natureza exploratória e descritiva. A coleta de dados consistiu na realização de entrevistas com representantes de 16 cooperativas do ramo agropecuário, os quais emitiram opiniões sobre a influência da cultura cooperativista nas suas respectivas cooperativas. Após catalogação e análise do material coletado, os resultados indicam a existência de forte influência da cultura cooperativista, principalmente no que se refere à gestão e política das cooperativas, fator avaliado positivamente. Alguns dirigentes apontam as diferenças culturais e ausência de cultura cooperativista como entrave para obtenção de alguns resultados. Espera-se que os resultados possam contribuir para o entendimento sobre alguns problemas ou soluções expostas pelos dirigentes de Cooperativas, quanto aos diferentes graus de conhecimentos sobre a cultura cooperativista das pessoas que compõem essas sociedades coletivas. E que se possa investir em educação cooperativista para resolver alguns desses problemas.
Vascular compromise secondary to fillers injection: Minimizing sequelae
Authors: Zidan Serag Monier
Published: February 2017

The use of filler injections for facial rejuvenation and sculpturing has become a keystone of esthetic medicine.
Giant congenital melanocytic nevus - Reconstruction using multiple modalities: A case report
Authors: Alkahtani Mohammed Mesfer , Asad Loujin , Sindi Arwa
Published: February 2017

Congenital melanocytic naevi are neuroectodermal lesions that are mainly composed of melanocytes. They are present in 1% to 6% of all newborns. These lesions carry the risk of transforming into melanomas; however, the psychological effect of such disfiguring naevi is potentially of greater concern to both the child and parent. Several classifications for congenital melanocytic naevi have been proposed, the most common of which is the sub-classification according to their size as this affects the choice of treatment. Many treatment modalities have been utilized including surgical excision followed by reconstruction, curettage, dermabrasion, laser therapy and chemical peels. In this report, we present a case of an otherwise healthy eight-year-old girl with a giant congenital melanocytic naevus on the central face. The lesion was mostly excised with remaining satellite lesions dermabraded. The defect was then reconstructed with a full thickness skin graft harvested from the expanded supraclavicular skin, in addition to the ReCell (non-cultured epithelial autograft) technique. Within six months post-operation, excellent skin pigmentation and texture was achieved.
The effect of phytase levels in the diet on the digestibility and growth performance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Suprayudi Muhammmad Agus , Harianto Dini , Jusadi Dedi
Published: February 2017

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of phytase levels in the diet on the digestibility and growth performance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vanname. White shrimp were used in the trial with initial body weight of 3.8±0.01 g were reared in  aquarium (60×40×50 cm3) and filled with 60L treated sea water at a density of ten individu. Experimental diet were formulated in isonitrogeneous (36% protein) and isocaloric (3960 kcal/kg) to contain four levels of phytase: 0 iu/kg (diet A), 500 iu/kg (diet B), 750 iu/kg (diet C), and 1000 iu/kg(diet D). All diets were supplied with 0.5% of Cr2O3 as an indicator for digestibility measurement shrimp fed three times daily at satiation levelfor how many days of rearing. A factorial completely randomized experimental design was selected consisted of four treatments and triplicates. The result showed that the phytase addition improved the digestibility of protein, calcium, and phosphor as well as improve growth performance of white shrimp. Based on evaluation of those parameters, it is concluded that phytase level of500 IU support the best growth performance ofjuvenile white shrimp.

Keywords: phytase, feed digestibility, growth,Litopenaeus vannamei
Peningkatan kualitas karagenan rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii dengan metode budidaya keranjang jaring
Authors: Failu Ismail , Supriyono Eddy , Suseno Sugeng Hari
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the quality of Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed carrageenan cultured using methods basket nets in waters of Baruta, Sangia, Wambulu, District of Buton, Southeast Sulawesi. The study consisted of three treatments in triplicates. Seaweed culture used different cultivation net-basket forms i.e. net-basket box, net-basket lantern, and longline without net-basket (control). Quality of K. alvarezii seaweed obtained in this study varied from each treatments. Daily growth rate in each treatment were not significantly different. Production of seaweed with a net-basket box (201.61 g/m2) was higher than the net-basket lanterns (183.22 g/m2), but not significantly different from control (196.98 g/m2). Carageenan yield value of control (46.74%) was the highest of all treatments. The water content of carrageenan in each treatment was not significantly different and it ranged from 17.20–17.39%. The viscosity of carrageenan in net-basket lantern (179.40 cPs) was the highest of all treatments. Carrageenan gel strength was the best treatment (702.53 g/cm²). As conclusion, using the net-basket lantern  as cultivation method provided quality improvement of carrageenan in K. alvarezii seaweed. Keywords: Kappaphycus alvarezii, cultivation methods, carrageenan quality  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas karagenan rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii yang dibudidaya menggunakan metode keranjang jaring di perairan Baruta, Kecamatan Sangia, Wambulu, Kabupaten Buton Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga pelakuan dan tiga ulangan. Pemeliharaan rumput laut dilakukan dengan metode keranjang jaring berbeda yaitu metode keranjang jaring kotak, keranjang jaring lampion, dan longline tanpa menggunakan keranjang jaring (kontrol). Hasil pengamatan kualitas rumput laut K. alvarezii dalam penelitian ini bervariasi dari setiap perlakuan yang diberikan. Laju pertumbuhan harian pada setiap perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata. Produksi rumput laut dengan metode keranjang jaring kotak (201,61 g/m2) lebih tinggi dibandingkan jaring lampion (183,22 g/m2), namun tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol (196,98 g/m2). Nilai rendemen karagenan kontrol (46,74%) lebih tinggi dari perlakuan lainnya. Kadar air karagenan pada setiap perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata yaitu berkisar 17,20–17,39%. Viskositas karagenan perlakuan metode keranjang jaring lampion (179,40 cPs) lebih tinggi dibandigkan perlakuan lainnya. Kekuatan gel karagenan perlakuan metode keranjang jaring lampion (702,53 g/cm²) lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode keranjang jaring lampion memberikan peningkatkan kualitas karagenan rumput laut K. alvarezii yang dibudidayakan. Kata kunci: Kappaphycus alvarezii, metode budidaya,  kualitas karagenan
Analysis of the Competitiveness of Teak Wood Export in Togo (West Africa)
Authors: Gatonnou Komla Mensah , Kokutse Adzo Dzifa , Kokou Kouami , Koffi-Tessio Egnonto M. , D. Agbodji Akoété Ega
Published: February 2017

The log export ban in favor of value-added wood products remains a challenge for developing countries in the context of maximizing national income from international timber trade at the expense of sustainable forest management. This study attempts to shed light on this subject matter through an analysis of the competitiveness of teak wood in Togo. The policy analysis matrix was developed using teak exporter budgets with reference to national and international market prices collected in July and August 2014. The results show that Togo has no comparative advantage in the squared teak trade which is the result of processing teak in Togo, whatever the level of price observed during this period. On the other hand, it is better for Togo to sell its log on the international market when the price reached 542 USD/m3 (maximal price observed). Togo does not sufficiently protect its national market to maximize income for exporters.
Foreign Direct Investment - Growth Nexus: The Case of Nigeria
Authors: Jibir Adamu , Abdu Musa
Published: February 2017

The quest by developing countries for increased FDI stems from the assumption that FDI leads to economic benefits within the host country. The study examined the paradigm ‘FDI led growth’ using dataset for Nigeria obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria span between 1970 and 2014. Modern econometric tools of Vector error correction model and Granger Wald test were employed. The econometric analysis reveals that there is steady long run relationship between FDI and output in Nigeria. Additionally, the causality result indicates that there is unidirectional causality between trade openness and per capita income, running from trade openness to per capita income proxy for economic growth. On the other hand, there is absence of short-run causality between FDI and economic growth in Nigeria. The policy implication is that FDI can be considered as an engine of growth and development. In the case of Nigeria, FDI can be used as a tool for structuring the economy and achieving inclusive growth. This can be done by attracting more FDI through creating conducive business environment, development of infrastructures and strengthening security especially in north-eastern part of the country.
The Effects of Dora the Explorer on Preschool Children's Spatial Concept Acquisition and Spatial Ability
Authors: Angın Duriye Esra
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of Dora the Explorer cartoon on the spatial concept acquisitions and spatial abilities of the preschool children. The study was carried out with 80, 60-71 month old children attending preschools. Post-test only control group model is used in the research in order to identify the existing phenomena in a controlled manner. “The Bracken Basic Concept Scale, Third Edition: Receptive (BBCSIII:R) Form Direction/Position Subscale” and two different “Spatial Ability Games” were used to assess children’s spatial concept acquisitions and spatial abilities. Independent sample t-test was used in order to compare the average of post-test scores of the children in the experimental and control groups. According to the findings, it is found that there is meaningful difference between scores of post-tests of direction/position subscale and spatial ability games score. Comparing the scores of post-test of direction/position subscale and spatial ability games of experimental and control groups, it was found that there was a meaningful differentiation in favor of experimental group.
Gestion Del Conocimiento En Universidades Públicas Mexicanas
Authors: Jiménez Ana Laura Luna , Cornelio Roberto Reyes , Vera Ygnacia Jiménez
Published: February 2017

Public universities in Southeast of Mexico need to increase their scientific productivity to generate competitive advantages that increase their economic value. The academic ability indicators that measure the knowledge management of these institutions are below the national average. The purpose of this research was to analyze the knowledge management in the public universities in Southeast Mexico as a tool to increase their competitiveness. Interviews and surveys were applied to managers, middle managers and teachers. It was found that in these universities the knowledge factor is not managed efficiently. This research provides information on the current state of knowledge management and a knowledge management model for these educational institutions. The model will enable the implementation of efficient knowledge management and the development of its intellectual capital.
Evaluación de la Hipótesis de Kuznets para Colombia con una aproximación de series de tiempo: 1977-2005
Authors: Alonso Cifuentes Julio César , González Terán Ángela María
Published: February 2017

La desigualdad en un país puede tener graves consecuencias en el desarrollo económico, especialmente en lo que respecta a la política social, siendo de alta relevancia el estudio de las causas de sus variaciones. En ese sentido, este documento pretende explicar cómo se ve afectada la desigualdad ante cambios en el crecimiento económico, la población y la tasa de cambio nominal. Siguiendo la hipótesis de la curva de Kuznets (1955) una desmejora del indicador de inequidad en el corto plazo logra mayor igualdad en el largo plazo como efecto del crecimiento económico. El estudio se hace para Colombia con datos trimestrales, para el período entre 1977 y 2005. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la hipótesis de Kuznets puede explicar la relación entre crecimiento económico y distribución del ingreso en Colombia. Por otro lado, no se encuentra efecto de corto plazo sobre la distribución del ingreso con respecto al crecimiento poblacional, ni a la tasa de cambio. En el largo plazo, se encuentra que el aumento en la población empeora la desigualdad y que la depreciación del peso incrementa la desigualdad.
El sufragio en el mundo rural de la provincia de Antioquia. Las elecciones al Cabildo de Manizales en 1852
Authors: Monsalvo Mendoza Edwin Andres , Medina Montes Mario
Published: February 2017

Este trabajo se propone estudiar el proceso electoral de 1852 para elegir los vocales del Cabildo de la parroquia de Manizales, con el propósito de describir y analizar, a partir del ejercicio del voto, las prácticas políticas electorales en una sociedad rural y de reciente fundación. El trabajo utiliza como  fuentes de archivo las actas y correspondencia del Cabildo, actas electorales, correspondencia oficial y censos. Con este acervo se construye una tipología del sufragante, de la junta y de los vocales electos, así como se establecen los ritmos de votación durante los ocho días de la asamblea. La hipótesis que se sostiene es que estas elecciones permitieron, gracias a su condición de elección directa por parte de los sufragantes parroquiales -y además con un voto público-, a las elites económicas-representadas en los fundadores y miembros de las juntas calificadoras para la entrega de solares a los nuevos pobladores- constituirse en jerarquías políticas a través del voto.