bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive finite‐time fault‐tolerant control for flexible‐joint robotic stochastic systems with input saturation and sensor fault
Authors: Wang Libin , Wang Huanqing , Liu Peter Xiaoping
Published: July 2022

A new fault‐tolerant approach to input saturation and sensor faults is presented for flexible‐joint robotic stochastic nonlinear systems with finite‐time convergence performance. More precisely, a new command filter is designed and embedded into the backstepping framework, which greatly reduces the amount of calculation. By using the estimation ability of fuzzy logic system and less adjustable parameters, the problems of sensor faults and unknown functions are solved, which facilitates the design of controllers. A smooth function and mean‐value theorem are used to deal with the difficulty associated with system signals. A novel simpler controller is developed to ensure that the trajectory tracking error converges to a sufficiently small neighborhood around the origin within finite time, while there are random noises. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented scheme is verified by simulation results.
Multiple‐Scale Probing of Intrinsic Active Sites and Reaction Kinetics in Processable Cation‐Inserted Nickel Hydroxide Films
Authors: Xie Yuanyang , Yu Chang , Song Xuedan , Zhang Qing , Ni Lin , Yu Jinhe , Ren Weicheng , Liu Kunlun , Qiu Jieshan
Published: July 2022

Nanoplate‐shaped Ni(OH)2 with numerous exposed active sites hold much promise for high‐performance energy storage devices. However, restricted by the wide band gap, which leads to a low concentration of charge carrier, the energy barrier of electron mobility in lattice plane is high, further inhibiting the electron transfer and their practical application. Here, several unique processable nickel‐based hydroxide films are constructed via the cation‐inserted strategy to probe the intrinsic relationship between component and electronic micro‐structure. Benefiting from the component‐driven effects, the concentration of charge carrier at the lattice plane can be accumulated after injecting heterogeneous cations, and the fastened dynamics process can be realized and confirmed by multiple real‐time operando techniques. Meanwhile, the more well‐matched Co core rather than Mn core in Ni(OH)2 is also certified. Finally, the CoNi(OH)2 electrode achieves 623 C g–1 @1 A g–1 without any conductivity additives and binders, which is nearly threefold that of pristine Ni(OH)2. This work clarifies the critical role of inserted cations, and corresponding electron and electrolyte ion transfer across the matrix, thus enabling a better guideline for Ni(OH)2‐based energy storage/conversion systems.
A Novel 19$\sqrt {19} $ × 19$\sqrt {19} $ Superstructure in Epitaxially Grown 1T‐TaTe2
Authors: Hwang Jinwoong , Jin Yeongrok , Zhang Canxun , Zhu Tiancong , Kim Kyoo , Zhong Yong , Lee Ji‐Eun , Shen Zongqi , Chen Yi , Ruan Wei , Ryu Hyejin , Hwang Choongyu , Lee Jaekwang , Crommie Michael F. , Mo Sung‐Kwan , Shen Zhi‐Xun
Published: July 2022

The spontaneous formation of electronic orders is a crucial element for understanding complex quantum states and engineering heterostructures in 2D materials. A novel × charge order in few‐layer‐thick 1T‐TaTe2 transition metal dichalcogenide films grown by molecular beam epitaxy, which has not been realized, is report. The photoemission and scanning probe measurements demonstrate that monolayer 1T‐TaTe2 exhibits a variety of metastable charge density wave orders, including the × superstructure, which can be selectively stabilized by controlling the post‐growth annealing temperature. Moreover, it is found that only the × order persists in 1T‐TaTe2 films thicker than a monolayer, up to 8 layers. The findings identify the previously unrealized novel electronic order in a much‐studied transition metal dichalcogenide and provide a viable route to control it within the epitaxial growth process.
Surface Lattice Plasmon Resonances by Direct In Situ Substrate Growth of Gold Nanoparticles in Ordered Arrays
Authors: Vinnacombe‐Willson Gail A. , Conti Ylli , Jonas Steven J. , Weiss Paul S. , Mihi Agustín , Scarabelli Leonardo
Published: July 2022

Precise arrangements of plasmonic nanoparticles on substrates are important for designing optoelectronics, sensors and metamaterials with rational electronic, optical and magnetic properties. Bottom‐up synthesis offers unmatched control over morphology and optical response of individual plasmonic building blocks. Usually, the incorporation of nanoparticles made by bottom‐up wet chemistry starts from batch synthesis of colloids, which requires time‐consuming and hard‐to‐scale steps like ligand exchange and self‐assembly. Herein, an unconventional bottom‐up wet‐chemical synthetic approach for producing gold nanoparticle ordered arrays is developed. Water‐processable hydroxypropyl cellulose stencils facilitate the patterning of a reductant chemical ink on which nanoparticle growth selectively occurs. Arrays exhibiting lattice plasmon resonances in the visible region and near infrared (quality factors of >20) are produced following a rapid synthetic step (<10 min), all without cleanroom fabrication, specialized equipment, or self‐assembly, constituting a major step forward in establishing in situ growth approaches. Further, the technical capabilities of this method through modulation of the particle size, shape, and array spacings directly on the substrate are demonstrated. Ultimately, establishing a fundamental understanding of in situ growth has the potential to inform the fabrication of plasmonic materials; opening the door for in situ growth fabrication of waveguides, lasing platforms, and plasmonic sensors.
Localized Surface‐Plasmon Enhanced Near‐Infrared Organic Photodetector
Authors: Li Xubiao , Xu Zhuhua , Zhao Cong , Zhang Si‐Wei , Li Jingzhou , Kang Feiyu , Song Qinghua , Wei Guodan
Published: July 2022

Near infrared (NIR) organic photodetector (OPD) has exhibited tremendous potential in research due to mechanical flexibility, optoelectronic tunability, and low cost. However, the limited NIR light absorption, low carrier mobility, and relatively low photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency in organic photoactive layer have restricted further development of OPD. To address these challenges, localized surface‐plasmon resonance (LSPR) enhanced D18:Y6 OPD is systematically designed and fabricated with uniform Ag nanocubes (AgNCs) of 60 nm deposited right on D18:Y6 organic photoactive layers, realizing a 25‐fold enhancement in responsivity and detectivity which reach 2200 mA W−1 and 2.8 × 1012 Jones, respectively, upon 850 nm laser excitation compared with pristine device without AgNCs. The detailed COMSOL Physics simulation of as‐obtained devices with AgNCs indicates that electric filed is strongly amplified and concentrated within the D18:Y6 film. The enhancement of photoluminescence intensity in D18:Y6 films with AgNCs further verifies the resonant enhancement of light absorption in the D18:Y6 film embedded with AgNCs. To get in‐depth knowledge of the LSPR enhancement effect on OPD, the photocurrent enhancement of devices with different laser power densities and plasmonic modes have been systematically explored. Therefore, this work has opened a new window to enhance the photoresponse for next generation NIR OPDs.
Plasmonic Nanoparticles Embedded in Nanomembrane Microcavity for Flexible Optical Tuning
Authors: Pang Chi , Li Rang , Dong Haiyun , Saggau Christian N. , Kern Felix L. , Potapov Pavel , Schultz Johannes , Lubk Axel , Hübner René , Kentsch Ulrich , Zhou Shengqiang , Helm Manfred , Chen Feng , Ma Libo , Schmidt Oliver G.
Published: July 2022

The combination of plasmonic nanoparticles and optical microcavities has attracted broad interest for both fundamental and applied studies. However, the conventional scheme of plasmonic nanoparticles being located at microcavity outer surfaces suffers from serious problems such as significant radiative/scattering losses and chemical/mechanical instabilities. Here, silver nanoparticles (NPs) and dispersed ions embedded in nanomembrane‐formed whispering‐gallery‐mode (WGM) microtube cavities are prepared by ion implantations as compact and stable optoplasmonic microcavities. Upon low ion fluence implantation, dispersed silver ions are generated in the tube cavity wall, leading to a redshift of the WGM resonant cavity modes due to the increased refractive index. The silver ions start to aggregate into plasmonic NPs in the cavity wall when increasing implantation ion fluences. The competition and transition between redshift induced by the refractive index increase and blueshift induced by the formation of plasmonic NPs are investigated. Moreover, quality factor enhancement of the WGM modes is observed owing to the improved light confinement caused by the presence of NPs. This work demonstrates a convenient approach for the fabrication of stable optoplasmonic microcavities and fine tuning of resonant modes, indicating wide applications such as wavelength selective tuning and enhanced light–matter interactions.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Sequential C−H Activation/Amination of 2‐Iodobiphenyls with Benzoisoxazoles for Synthesis of Carbazoles
Authors: Zhao Ya‐Heng , Chen Jun‐Hua , Liu Miao‐Chang , Zhou Yun‐Bing , Wu Hua‐Yue
Published: July 2022

A coupling reaction of 2‐iodobiphenyl with benzoisoxazole under the cooperative catalysis of Pd(CH3CN)2Cl2 and P(4‐F−Ph)3 is disclosed. The reaction proceeds via intramolecular C−H activation/N−O cleavage/migratory insertion sequence to give an array of N‐arylcarbazoles with an aldehyde or a ketone. The employment of benzoisoxazoles as an amination agent obviates the need for stoichiometric amount of oxidants.

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NIS/HFIP‐Mediated Synthesis of Indene‐Based β‐Iodoalkenyl Sulfides from Propargylic Sulfides
Authors: Velasco Noelia , Martínez‐Núñez Clara , Fernández‐Rodríguez Manuel A. , Sanz Roberto , Suárez‐Pantiga Samuel
Published: July 2022

A tandem 1,3‐sulfur migration followed by iodocyclization reaction of propargylic sulfides in the presence of NIS in HFIP has been developed to synthesize indene‐based β‐iodoalkenyl sulfides. The choice of the reaction media is crucial to promote the reaction. The proposed mechanism involving the initial NIS activation by HFIP and favoring the sulfur migration of the starting propargylic thioether via cationic intermediates is experimentally supported. In addition, the suitability of selected indene‐based β‐iodoalkenyl sulfides as building blocks for subsequent C−C bond‐forming reactions has been demonstrated.

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Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Rigid‐Device‐Benchmarkable Performance
Authors: Liu Dingyao , Tian Xinyu , Bai Jing , Wang Yan , Cheng Yixun , Ning Weijie , Chan Paddy K. L. , Wu Kai , Sun Junqi , Zhang Shiming
Published: July 2022

Intrinsically stretchable organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are being pursued as the next‐generation tissue‐like bioelectronic technologies to improve the interfacing with the soft human body. However, the performance of current intrinsically stretchable OECTs is far inferior to their rigid counterparts. In this work, for the first time, the authors report intrinsically stretchable OECTs with overall performance benchmarkable to conventional rigid devices. In particular, oxygen level in the stretchable substrate is revealed to have a significant impact on the on/off ratio. By employing stretchable substrates with low oxygen permeabilities, the on/off ratio is elevated from ≈10 to a record‐high value of ≈104, which is on par with a rigid OECT. The device remained functional after cyclic stretching tests. This work demonstrates that intrinsically stretchable OECTs have the potential to serve as a new building block for emerging soft bioelectronic applications such as electronic skin, soft implantables, and soft neuromorphic computing.
Toward a differentiated understanding of the effect of Nutri‐Score nutrition labeling on healthier food choices
Authors: Gassler Birgit , Faesel Claudia K. , Moeser Anke
Published: July 2022

By 2022, the European Commission seeks to introduce harmonized, mandatory front‐of‐pack (FOP) nutrition labeling. The color‐graded Nutri‐Score is at the heart of the European debate. Yet, little is known about how the information provided in back‐of‐pack (BOP) nutrition tables interacts with evaluative FOP labels, such as Nutri‐Score, and if different consumer groups use both information cues differently when making food choices. Our objective is thus to identify segments of nutrition label users and contrast their choice behavior and use of FOP and BOP nutritional information. Therefore, this study builds on an attitude‐based segmentation analysis and a survey‐based discrete choice experiment among German consumers. We identify five segments of nutritional information users and significant interaction effects between FOP and BOP nutritional cues. Consumers use supplementary nutritional information differently: relying on BOP nutrition facts only (label‐resisters) or combining both information cues (majority). For most, Nutri‐Score reinforces the positive effect of a healthier nutrient profile on purchase likelihood, while its use stigmatizes products of low nutritional quality. Overall, supplementary Nutri‐Score labeling enables better alignment of food choices and health preferences, especially for consumers overwhelmed by technical BOP nutrition tables, and helps differentiate products with relatively unhealthy nutritional profiles. We discuss implications for food policy and business. [EconLit citations: D12, Q13, Q18].
Next‐generation sequencing and analysis of consecutive patients referred for connective tissue disorders
Authors: Steinle Jacob , Hossain Waheeda A. , Veatch Olivia J. , Strom Samuel P. , Butler Merlin G.
Published: July 2022

Heritable connective tissue disorders (HCTDs) consist of a wide array of genetic disorders such as Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and osteogenesis imperfecta. The diagnosis relies on clinical presentation and family history to guide genetic testing with next‐generation sequencing (NGS) for identification of gene variants in HCTDs. NGS was performed on a cohort of 100 consecutive, unrelated patients referred for a connective tissue disorder at Fulgent Genetics, an accredited commercial laboratory. One hundred seventeen gene variants were found in 76 patients with 10 recognized pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants seen in nine patients. The remaining variants were grouped as unknown clinical significance with 36 meeting three out of four pathogenicity criteria, or potentially pathogenic, as defined in our study in 33 patients. They were judged as potentially pathogenic for clinical care and management with disease surveillance based on the specific gene and phenotypic presentation. Gene variants in collagen‐related proteins were the most frequent with ZNF469 and ADAMTSL2 variants most often identified. Joint hypermobility was the most frequent clinical finding. Variants were found in 76% of patients who had distinct clinical features of a HCTD. The data were stratified to provide insight into frequency and types of variants, their classification, and clinical manifestations.
Biomimetic Total Synthesis of the Spiroindimicin Family of Natural Products
Authors: Zheng Xikang , Li Yan , Guan Mengtie , Wang Lingyue , Wei Shilong , Li Yi‐Cheng , Chang Chin‐Yuan , Xu Zhengren
Published: July 2022

A unified strategy for the biomimetic total synthesis of the spiroindimicin family of natural products was reported. Key transformations include a one‐pot two‐enzyme‐catalyzed oxidative dimerization of L‐tryptophan/5‐chloro‐L‐tryptophan to afford the bis‐indole precursors chromopyrrolic acid/5′,5′′‐dichloro‐chromopyrrolic acid, and regioselective C3′−C2′′ and C3′−C4′′ bond formation converting a common bis‐indole skeleton to two skeletally different natural products, including (±)‐spiroindimicins D and G with a [5,5] spiro‐ring skeleton, and (±)‐spiroindimicins A and H with a [5,6] spiro‐ring skeleton, respectively.
Highly crystallized and tough polylactic acid through addition of surface modified cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Seraji Amir Abbas , Goharpey Fatemeh , Khademzadeh Yeganeh Jafar
Published: July 2022

To prepare a fully organic polylactic acid (PLA)‐based bio‐nanocomposite, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were grafted by PLA through ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of L‐lactide monomers onto CNCs. The grafting process was evaluated by 1HNMR and FTIR spectroscopic methods. The effect of surface‐modified CNCs (M‐CNCs) was investigated on thermal, mechanical, rheological, and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of PLA. The M‐CNCs were successfully dispersed in the PLA matrix. Isothermal and non‐isothermal DSC studies revealed that M‐CNCs caused an intensive increase in crystallization kinetics and therefore nucleation density and crystallization extent. DSC, XRD, and DMTA analyses indicated the formation of different crystal structures [α, α', β] in PLA after addition of M‐CNCs. Rheological analysis was carried out for microstructural investigation of the nanocomposites. Interestingly, after the addition of M‐CNCs not only the tensile strength and modulus of the samples increased but also the toughness of PLA was considerably improved.
Styrenic block copolymer‐based thermoplastic elastomers in smart applications: Advances in synthesis, microstructure, and structure–property relationships—A review
Authors: Maji Purbasha , Naskar Kinsuk
Published: July 2022

Styrenic block copolymers (SBC) have been gaining attention as a specialty material in elastomer and composite industries over an extended period. Its unique segmental architecture, controllable mechanical strength, ease of processing, oxidative, and environmental stability enable versatile applications. SBCs with other unique features like ion‐containing blocks, vascular compatibility, and biostability are gaining popularity in several new‐age applications. The review mainly displays the new synthetic strategies for SBC having superior thermal and environmental resistance and how their morphologies get affected by the invention of different synthesis and molecular designing technologies. It elaborates prospects and future of SBCs in other innovative application fields like sensors for wearable devices, next‐generation proton exchange membranes for fuel cells, portable power sources for electric vehicles, shape memory polymers, and so forth. Its potential in biomedical applications like heart valves, urinary tract devices, coating for coronary stents, implants, and drug delivery applications has also been discussed. It also analyses structure properties relationship which affects their performance in these fields, along with a brief introduction about the history of invention.
Keep an Eye on the Back: Spondyloarthritis in Patients With Acute Anterior Uveitis
Authors: Rademacher Judith , Müllner Hanna , Diekhoff Torsten , Haibel Hildrun , Igel Sabrina , Pohlmann Dominika , Proft Fabian , Protopopov Mikhail , Rios Rodriguez Valeria , Torgutalp Murat , Pleyer Uwe , Poddubnyy Denis
Published: July 2022

Objectives

This study was undertaken to analyze the prevalence of spondyloarthritis (SpA) in patients with acute anterior uveitis (AAU), to identify parameters associated with the presence of SpA, and to evaluate the performance of referral algorithms for identifying patients with a high probability of having SpA.

Methods

Prospectively recruited consecutive patients with noninfectious AAU underwent structured rheumatologic assessment including magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints, allowing a definitive diagnosis/exclusion of concomitant SpA. Fisher's exact test and Mann‐Whitney U test were used to compare AAU patients with SpA and AAU patients without SpA. Furthermore, logistic regression analyses were performed. The predictive performance of SpA referral strategies was analyzed by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratios.

Results

Among the 189 AAU patients evaluated, 106 (56%) were diagnosed as having SpA. The majority of SpA patients (93%) had predominantly axial SpA and 7 patients had peripheral SpA. In 74 patients (70%), the SpA diagnosis was established for the first time. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, psoriasis (odds ratio [OR] 12.5 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3–120.2]), HLA–B27 positivity (OR 6.3 [95% CI 2.4–16.4]), elevated C‐reactive protein level (OR 4.8 [95% CI 1.9–12.4]), and male sex (OR 2.1 [95% CI 1.1–4.2]) were associated with the presence of SpA. None of the ophthalmologic parameters were found to be predictive of SpA. The Dublin Uveitis Evaluation Tool (DUET) showed higher specificity for SpA recognition than the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) tool for the early referral of patients with a suspected diagnosis of axial SpA (specificity for SpA 42% versus 28%), whereas the sensitivity of the ASAS tool was slightly higher than the DUET tool (sensitivity for SpA 80% versus 78%). However, more than 20% of the AAU patients in this study who were diagnosed as having SpA would have been missed by both referral strategies.

Conclusion

Our study revealed a high prevalence of SpA in AAU patients overall, as well as a high prevalence of previously undiagnosed SpA in AAU patients. Therefore, we propose rheumatologic evaluation for all AAU patients with musculoskeletal symptoms.
The efficiency of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer with mismatch repair deficiency
Authors: Yunlong Wu , Tongtong Liu , Hua Zeng
Published: July 2022

Colon cancers with mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) have specific clinicopathologic characteristics compared with mismatch repair proficiency (pMMR); however, the effect of MMR status on the efficiency of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) remains unclear. In our study, 439 dMMR and 26 pMMR colon cancer patients with or without NCT from 2010 to 2017 were retrospectively collected. Clinicopathological features, treatment response, and survival were compared between different groups. In the dMMR group, patients with NCT were likely to have higher CEA (abnormal CEA: 51.6% vs. 17.4%, p < 0.001), more multiorgan resection (38.7% vs. 16.8%, p = 0.006), and larger postoperative tumor diameter (7.26 vs. 6.21, p = 0.033) than those without NCT, but nearly half of cT4b patients who had NCT (42.9%, 9/21) avoid multiorgan resection. pT4 stage (HR, 14.97; 95% CI, 1.88–118.92; p = 0.010), number of positive lymph nodes (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09–1.26; p < 0.001), and tumor deposit (HR, 6.73; 95% CI, 2.08–21.74; p = 0.001) were independent prognosis factors of disease‐free survival (DFS). For the advanced tumor subset, there is no significant difference between patients with or without NCT for OS (p = 0.13) and DFS (p = 0.11), although the survival rate of NCT was higher than non‐NCT patients. Moreover, tumor regression grade was similar between dMMR and pMMR patients who had NCT. This study showed that NCT was more likely to be employed in dMMR patients with advanced tumors and may reduce the rate of multiorgan resection for cT4b dMMR patients. More large‐scaled researches are needed to further explore if MMR status could predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with colon cancer.
Parenting styles’ effects on college students’ career decision‐making self‐efficacy
Authors: Alexander Jamie D. , Harris Charlene
Published: July 2022

This study examined the effects of parenting styles on career decision‐making self‐efficacy (CDMSE) in a sample of 97 U.S. college students. Regression analyses, controlling for parental education, age, academic year, and gender, revealed that authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles were significantly positively associated with CDMSE; alternatively, permissive parenting was not a significant predictor of CDMSE in college students. The findings indicate that parenting styles can influence college students’ CDMSE. Implications for practice are provided.
Synthesis of13C and2H Labeled Vinyl Pyruvate and Hyperpolarization of Pyruvate
Authors: Brahms Arne , Pravdivtsev Andrey N. , Stamp Tim , Ellermann Frowin , Sönnichsen Frank D. , Hövener Jan‐Bernd , Herges Rainer
Published: July 2022

The hyperpolarization of nuclear spins has enabled unique applications in chemistry, biophysics, and particularly metabolic imaging. Parahydrogen‐induced polarization (PHIP) offers a fast and cost‐efficient way of hyperpolarization. Nevertheless, PHIP lags behind dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), which is already being evaluated in clinical studies. This shortcoming is mainly due to problems in the synthesis of the corresponding PHIP precursor molecules. The most widely used DNP tracer in clinical studies, particularly for the detection of prostate cancer, is 1‐13C‐pyruvate. The ideal derivative for PHIP is the deuterated vinyl ester because the spin physics allows for 100 % polarization. Unfortunately, there is no efficient synthesis for vinyl esters of β‐ketocarboxylic acids in general and pyruvate in particular. Here, we present an efficient new method for the preparation of vinyl esters, including13C labeled, fully deuterated vinyl pyruvate using a palladium‐catalyzed procedure. Using 50 % enriched parahydrogen and mild reaction conditions, a13C polarization of 12 % was readily achieved; 36 % are expected with 100 % pH2. Higher polarization values can be potentially achieved with optimized reaction conditions.
Recent advances in the field of chiral crystallization
Authors: Putman Joshua I. , Armstrong Daniel W.
Published: July 2022

Crystallization is one of the largest and most economical bulk purification techniques used in industry today. There has been an increase in demand for enantiomerically pure compound production for research, organic synthesis, pharmaceutical drug production, and other applications. Even after asymmetric synthesis, chiral purification will always be necessary. The focus of this review is on recent advances in chiral crystallization for the purification of enantiomers. A comprehensive discussion of three techniques and their mechanisms is provided, namely: attrition‐enhanced deracemization, cocrystallization, and inorganic ionic cocrystallization. Several examples of attrition‐enhanced deracemization are discussed. The key advantage of this technique is that it eliminates enantiomeric waste and can be used to produce enantiomeric excesses of greater than 99% from racemic mixtures. Chiral cocrystallization is examined, with over 60 cocrystallizing compounds, as an excellent means for enantiomeric enrichment. Selective chiral inclusion complexation was shown to be a novel approach for the formation of cocrystals. Chiral inorganic ionic cocrystallization is a new technique involving the formation of cocrystals between chiral ligands and certain metal salts in order to produce conglomerate crystal behavior in otherwise racemic compounds.
Use of Limonene Epoxides and Derivatives as Promising Monomers for Biobased Polymers
Authors: Louisy Elodie , Khodyrieva Veronika , Olivero Sandra , Michelet Véronique , Mija Alice
Published: July 2022

(R)‐Limonene, a renewable terpene, and its epoxidized derivatives, i. e. limonene epoxides, have prompted growing attention over the last decade as building blocks for the synthesis of biobased monomers and polymers. With the goal of replacing petroleum‐based polymers several polymerization techniques have been applied on limonene oxide and limonene dioxide monomers. This paper aims to contribute to the literature by presenting a review dedicated to limonene oxide and dioxide as raw monomers of renewable origin for the development of biobased polymers. The polymerization techniques described are namely the homopolymerization, the copolymerization with carbon dioxide and anhydrides, and the copolymerization of limonene epoxide‐based monomers. Limonene oxide polymerizations will be investigated first, followed by limonene dioxide polymerizations.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Intramolecular Annulation of 2‐Alkynylbiphenyl Compounds to Synthesize 9‐Sulfenylphenanthrenes Under Metal‐Free and Additive‐Free Conditions
Authors: Ma Tao , Bian Mixue , Lin Xinxin , Yang Zhao , Yang Xiaobing , Duan Jindian , Zhu Ning , Liu Chengkou , Fang Zheng , Guo Kai
Published: July 2022

A convenient and environmentally friendly visible‐light‐promoted annulation reaction of 2‐alkynylbiphenyls with diaryldisulfide for the synthesis of 9‐sulfenylphenanthrenes bearing a sulfur‐containing functional group has been developed. This mild and efficient approach was achieved through continuous irradiation with visible light under metal‐free and additive‐free conditions. A range of 9‐sulfenylphenanthrene products were prepared in moderate to good yields with a broad scope and functional group tolerance.
Genetic resistance to yellow rust infection of the wheat ear is controlled by genes controlling foliar resistance and flowering time
Authors: Bouvet Laura , Percival‐Alwyn Lawrence , Berry Simon , Fenwick Paul , Holdgate Sarah , Mackay Ian James , Cockram James
Published: July 2022

Yellow rust (YR), or stripe rust, is a fungal infection of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) caused by the pathogen Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici (Pst). Although much research has focused on YR leaf infection, we are not aware of studies investigating the genetic control of YR resistance in the wheat ear. Using an eight‐founder multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population, we identified five quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling glume YR resistance in wheat ears. Of these, three (QYrg.niab‐2D.2, QYrg.niab‐4D.1, and QYrg.niab‐5A.1) collocated with leaf YR resistance QTL previously identified in the same population. We find evidence that QYrg.niab‐5A.1 likely corresponds to the adult plant resistance locus Yr34 introgressed from einkorn wheat (T. monococcum L. subsp. monococcum), and that resistance at QYrg.niab‐2D.2 also likely originated from a chromosomal introgression from a wheat relative. The two remaining glume YR resistance QTL were linked to genetic loci controlling flowering time, with early flowering alleles conferring reduced glume YR resistance. The association between earlier flowering and increased glume infection is likely due to the emergence of the ear during environmental conditions more favorable for Pst infection. Collectively, these first insights into the genetic control of YR resistance in glumes provides specific genetic targets for the control of YR resistance in both the leaves and the glumes and will be especially relevant to wheat grown in Pst‐prone agricultural environments where earlier flowering is favored.
T cell phenotype switching in autoimmune disorders: Clinical significance of targeting metabolism
Authors: Barberis Matteo , Rojas López Alejandra
Published: July 2022

Increasing efforts points to the understanding of how to maximize the capabilities of the adaptive immune system to fight against the development of immune and inflammatory disorders. Here we focus on the role of T cells as immune cells which subtype imbalance may lead to disease onset. Specifically, we propose that autoimmune disorders may develop as a consequence of a metabolic imbalance that modulates switching between T cell phenotypes. We highlight a Systems Biology strategy that integrates computational metabolic modelling with experimental data to investigate the metabolic requirements of T cell phenotypes, and to predict metabolic genes that may be targeted in autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Thus, we propose a new perspective of targeting T cell metabolism to modulate the immune response and prevent T cell phenotype imbalance, which may help to repurpose already existing drugs targeting metabolism for therapeutic treatment.
Knockdown of replication protein A 3 induces protective autophagy and enhances cisplatin sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma by inhibiting AKT/mTOR signaling via binding to cyclin‐dependent kinases regulatory subunit 2
Authors: Chen Lijun , Hu Ke , Liu Yu , Liu Lingli , Tang Juanjuan , Qin Xiaobing
Published: July 2022

Replication protein A 3 (RPA3) is a significant component of replication protein A and has been documented to function as an oncogene in several types of cancers. However, the role and underlying mechanism of RPA3 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unknown. In this study, messenger expression of RPA3 and survival probability in LUAD were predicted by the UALCAN database. The combination of RPA3 with cyclin‐dependent kinases regulatory subunit 2 (CKS2) were characterized by the humanbase and STRING databases and verified by co‐immunoprecipitation. Cell viability was assessed by Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay and colony formation assay. Flow cytometric analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling assay were used to determine cell cycle and cell apoptosis, respectively. The expressions of protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (AKT/mTOR) pathway and autophagy‐related proteins were examined by western blot assay. Significantly, we revealed that RPA3 expression was upregulated in LUAD and is associated with poor prognosis in LUAD patients. RPA3 and CKS2 expression was highly expressed in LUAD cell lines and the interaction between RPA3 and CKS2 was confirmed. RPA3 silencing inhibited A549 cell viability, blocked cell cycle and promoted cell apoptosis, as well as induction of autophagy and inhibition of AKT/mTOR signaling. CKS2 overexpression reversed the effects of RPA3 silencing on A549 cells. In addition, RPA3 knockdown enhanced cisplatin sensitivity of A549 cells through blocking the AKT/mTOR signaling. These results suggested that RPA3 might control LUAD cell autophagy and enhance cisplatin sensitivity by regulation of AKT/mTOR signaling via targeting CKS2.
The visual‐attention span deficit in developmental dyslexia: Review of evidence for a visual‐attention‐based deficit
Authors: Valdois Sylviane
Published: July 2022

The visual attention span (VAS) deficit hypothesis in developmental dyslexia posits that a subset of dyslexic individuals shows a multielement parallel processing deficit due to reduced visual attention capacity. However, the attention‐based interpretation of poor performance on VAS tasks is hotly debated. The purpose of the present paper is to clarify this issue through a critical review of relevant behavioural and neurobiological findings. We first examine the plausibility of alternative verbal interpretations of VAS performance, evaluating whether performance on VAS tasks might reflect verbal short‐term memory, verbal coding or visual‐to‐verbal mapping skills. We then focus on the visual dimensions of VAS tasks to question whether VAS primarily reflects visuo‐attentional rather than more basic visual skills. Scrutiny of the available behavioural and neurobiological findings not only points to a deficit of visual attention in dyslexic individuals with impaired VAS but further suggests a selective endogenous attentional system deficit that relates to atypical functioning of the brain dorsal attentional network. The overview clarifies the debate on what is being measured through VAS tasks and provides insights on how to interpret the VAS deficit in developmental dyslexia.
Seasonal variation in structure and function of gut microbiota in Pomacea canaliculata
Authors: Li Shuxian , Qian Zijin , Yang Jiani , Lin Youfu , Li Hong , Chen Lian
Published: July 2022

Gut microbiota is associated with host health and its environmental adaption, influenced by seasonal variation. Pomacea canaliculata is one of the world's 100 worst invasive alien species. Here, we used high‐throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to analyze the seasonal variation of gut microbiota of P. canaliculata. The results suggested that the predominant gut microbial phyla of P. canaliculata included Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, which helped digest plant food and accumulate energy. The gut microbiota of P. canaliculata in summer group showed the highest diversity, whereas the winter group possessed the lowest, probably due to the shortage of food resources of P. canaliculata in winter. Principal coordinate analysis analysis based on unweighted unifrac and weighted unifrac indicated that the composition of gut microbiota of P. canaliculata significantly varied across seasons. Bacteroidetes tended to be enriched in summer by linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis. Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria were extremely abundant in autumn, while Fusobacteria and Cetobacterium enriched in winter. In conclusion, the structure of the gut microbiota of P. canaliculata was significantly different among seasons, which was beneficial to the environment adaptation and the digestion and metabolism of food during different periods.
Effects of the solution flow rate on the growth of aluminum etch tunnels
Authors: You Pengfei , Chen Jiageng , Yu Wei , Lu Wei , Yang Hui , Chen Suobin , Ma Junhong , Zhao Ganggang , Liu Pengfei , Li Xinfang , Chen Changke
Published: July 2022

Increasing the specific surface area of the anode foil of aluminum electrolytic capacitors is a research direction to improve the performance of capacitors. Industrial mass‐produced anode foil increases the specific surface area by electrochemical etching of the aluminum foil. However, the tunnels created by corrosion stop growing midway through this process. In this study, the effect of the solution flow rate on tunnel growth is investigated, and the growth of tunnels is analyzed using a new method of preparing oblique sections. Neater tunnels can be grown by increasing the solution flow rate to facilitate active tunnels.
Forecasting ultra‐short‐term wind power by multiview gated recurrent unit neural network
Authors: Xiong Bangru , Fu Mengqin , Cai Qiuting , Li Xiaoyan , Lou Lu , Ma Hui , Meng Xinyu , Wang Zhengxia
Published: July 2022

Wind power generation prediction plays an important role in the safety and economic operation of the power system. There are many parameters recorded in wind farm data, such as wind power, wind speed, wind direction, and so on. Traditional wind power prediction modeling methods lack the mining of these parameter data and fail to make good use of some potential physical information. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a multiview neural network learning framework to predict wind power. One is the data attribute view of wind power, which uses the historical data feature of the wind power itself to learn the future wind power feature. The other is the physical attribute view of wind power, which uses the physical attribute features associated with the wind power definition to learn the future features. Then all the learned features are jointly fused to predict the future wind power values. In addition, an uncertain factor is proposed and computed, which is inspired by the wind power formula and usually associated with internal and external environment perturbation. All time series features are input into the gated recurrent unit neural network to form a hybrid neural network framework for wind power prediction. Experimental results under the measured condition and the standard condition of wind farms demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Combined seismic and borehole investigation of the deep granite weathering structure—Santa Gracia Reserve case in Chile
Authors: Trichandi Rahmantara , Bauer Klaus , Ryberg Trond , Scherler Dirk , Bataille Klaus , Krawczyk Charlotte M.
Published: July 2022

Imaging the critical zone at depth, where intact bedrock transforms into regolith, is critical in understanding the interaction between geological and biological processes. We acquired a 500 m‐long near‐surface seismic profile to investigate the weathering structure in the Santa Gracia National Reserve, Chile, which is located in a granitic environment in an arid climate. Data processing comprised the combination of two seismic approaches: (1) body wave tomography and (2) multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) with Bayesian inversion. This allowed us to derive P‐wave and S‐wave velocity models down to 90 and 70 m depth, respectively. By calibrating the seismic results with those from an 87 m‐deep borehole that is crossed by the profile. We identified the boundaries of saprolite, weathered bedrock, and bedrock. These divisions are indicated in the seismic velocity variations and refer to weathering effects at depth. The thereby determined weathering front in the borehole location can be traced down to 30 m depth. The modelled lateral extent of the weathering front, however, cannot be described by an established weathering front model. The discrepancies suggest a more complex interaction between different aspects such as precipitation and topography in controlling the weathering front depth.
Optical and photocatalytic application of hydrothermally synthesized crystalline TiO2 nanostructures
Authors: Malik Javied Hamid , Malik Asif Ahmad , Malik Khurshaid Ahmad , Tomar Radha
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 nanostructures was analyzed for their structural, morphological, elemental, and optical Properties. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirms a highly crystalline nature and reveals that the TiO2 nanocrystals crystallize in the body‐centered tetragonal phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that all the samples are composed of microspheres that are formed from the agglomeration of smaller nanoparticles. The size of the microspheres varies from sample to sample and has a direct relation to the volume of the precursors used. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX) shows that the synthesized materials are in good stoichiometry with uniform distribution of the constituents throughout the sample. Fourier transform infrared spectrum of different samples showed a 100% transmittance peak in the 500 to 1000 cm−1 region. Ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectroscopy shows that the material has a good absorption in the visible region and is suitable for photocatalysis. The bandgap of the samples was determined by using the Tauc plot. The synthesized material was used for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl red (MR), a hazardous dye. The 95% degradation of MR occurred in the presence of UV light.
Role of fog‐assisted Industrial Internet of Things: A systematic review
Authors: Raja Sree Thankaraja
Published: July 2022

The manufacturing industry is benefiting a lot since the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) deploys sensors and actuators to calibrate, audit, and analyze data to enhance efficiency and profitability, thereby automating systems in the industrial sector. The exponential growth of smart devices in the industrial sector requires real‐time connectivity, low latency, nearby storage, secure communication, and reliability. To meet this demand, fog computing is effectively used in IIoT applications. Fog computing solves most of the problems in the fourth industrial revolution, which is the interface between end‐user devices and cloud/web services. Fog also allows for local processing with minimal acceptable latency. This article focuses on how fog computing becomes part of IIoT and also explores the architecture of fog‐assisted IIoT applications. The taxonomy is built by classifying the existing literature to reveal the salient features of fog computing in IIoT. This article also discusses IIoT security solutions as well as research problems of fog‐assisted IIoT. This article also outlines the research challenges of fog‐assisted IIoT and also discusses the security solutions of IIoT.
Piezo channels contribute to the regulation of myelination in Schwann cells
Authors: Acheta Jenica , Bhatia Urja , Haley Jeanette , Hong Jiayue , Rich Kyle , Close Rachel , Bechler Marie E. , Belin Sophie , Poitelon Yannick
Published: July 2022

Peripheral nerves and Schwann cells have to sustain constant mechanical constraints, caused by developmental growth as well as stretches associated with movements of the limbs and mechanical compressions from daily activities. In Schwann cells, signaling molecules sensitive to stiffness or stretch of the extracellular matrix, such as YAP/TAZ, have been shown to be critical for Schwann cell development and peripheral nerve regeneration. YAP/TAZ have also been suggested to contribute to tumorigenesis, neuropathic pain, and inherited disorders. Yet, the role of mechanosensitive ion channels in myelinating Schwann cells is vastly unexplored. Here we comprehensively assessed the expression of mechanosensitive ion channels in Schwann cells and identified that PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 are among the most abundant mechanosensitive ion channels expressed by Schwann cells. Using classic genetic ablation studies, we show that PIEZO1 is a transient inhibitor of radial and longitudinal myelination in Schwann cells. Contrastingly, we show that PIEZO2 may be required for myelin formation, as the absence of PIEZO2 in Schwann cells delays myelin formation. We found an epistatic relationship between PIEZO1 and PIEZO2, at both the morphological and molecular levels. Finally, we show that PIEZO1 channels affect the regulation of YAP/TAZ activation in Schwann cells. Overall, we present here the first demonstration that PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 contribute to mechanosensation in Schwann cells as well myelin development in the peripheral nervous system.
Radiative heat transfer due to solar radiation in MHD Sisko nanofluid flow
Authors: Bisht Ankita , Bisht Arvind Singh
Published: July 2022

In the present work, the mathematical model for the solar thermal collectors is considered in the form of a nonlinearly stretching sheet. The radiative heat transfer due to solar radiation in magnetohydrodynamic Sisko nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet in the presence of variable thermal conductivity and a heat source is analyzed effectively. The Sisko fluid has been used as a working fluid in the solar collector. The governing boundary value problem is transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using the similarity transformation technique, which is then solved numerically using the finite difference method combined with the quasilinearization technique. The results shown graphically are discussed for the effects of the thermal conductivity parameter, radiation parameter, and heat source parameter on the flow regime. It is observed that increasing values of radiation parameters imply greater thermal conduction and less thermal radiation, as a result of which the nanofluid temperature in the fluid regime will decrease.