bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Odoribacter splanchnicus-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate inflammatory bowel disease by modulating gastrointestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier function via the NLRP3 inflammasome suppression
Authors: Zhuang Jinfu , Zhuang Zhicheng , Chen Bin , Yang Yuanfeng , Chen Hengkai , Guan Guoxian
Published: February 2025

Background

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from specific bacteria exert therapeutic potential on inflammatory diseases. Previous reports suggest the protective role of Odoribacter splanchnicus (O.splanchnicus) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The effect of EVs derived from O.splanchnicus (Os-EVs) and the underlying mechanism on IBD were surveyed here.

Methods

Os-EVs were derived with ultracentrifugation before characterization by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Based on IBD model mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), the effects of Os-EVs on IBD symptoms, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and colonic apoptosis, inflammation as well as NLRP3 inflammasome activation were analyzed. NLRP3 knockout mice were exploited to judge the role of NLRP3 in Os-EVs against IBD.

Results

Os-EVs were typically shaped as a double concave disc (average diameter = 95 nm). The administration of Os-EVs attenuated DSS-induced body weight loss, colon shortening, disease activity index score, and histological injury in mice. Os-EVs could also relieve intestinal barrier dysfunction and colonic apoptosis, as evidenced by the up-regulation of zona occludens-1 and Occludin and the decrease of TUNEL-positive staining in colonic tissues of IBD mice. Os-EVs downregulated the expression of the interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6, and elevated IL-10, accompanied by blockage of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in DSS-induced mice. Furthermore, NLRP3 knockout mice experiments revealed that the protective role of Os-EVs in IBD relies on regulating NLRP3.

Conclusion

Our finding indicated that Os-EVs effectively ameliorated IBD through repressing NLRP3, strongly supporting the potential of probiotic-derived EVs for alleviating IBD.
A hybrid machine learning framework for functional annotation of mitochondrial glutathione transport and metabolism proteins in cancers
Authors: Kennedy Luke , Sandhu Jagdeep K. , Harper Mary-Ellen , Cuperlovic-Culf Miroslava
Published: February 2025

Background

Alterations of metabolism, including changes in mitochondrial metabolism as well as glutathione (GSH) metabolism are a well appreciated hallmark of many cancers. Mitochondrial GSH (mGSH) transport is a poorly characterized aspect of GSH metabolism, which we investigate in the context of cancer. Existing functional annotation approaches from machine (ML) or deep learning (DL) models based only on protein sequences, were unable to annotate functions in biological contexts.

Results

We develop a flexible ML framework for functional annotation from diverse feature data. This hybrid ML framework leverages cancer cell line multi-omics data and other biological knowledge data as features, to uncover potential genes involved in mGSH metabolism and membrane transport in cancers. This framework achieves strong performance across functional annotation tasks and several cell line and primary tumor cancer samples. For our application, classification models predict the known mGSH transporter SLC25A39 but not SLC25A40 as being highly probably related to mGSH metabolism in cancers. SLC25A10, SLC25A50, and orphan SLC25A24, SLC25A43 are predicted to be associated with mGSH metabolism in multiple biological contexts and structural analysis of these proteins reveal similarities in potential substrate binding regions to the binding residues of SLC25A39.

Conclusion

These findings have implications for a better understanding of cancer cell metabolism and novel therapeutic targets with respect to GSH metabolism through potential novel functional annotations of genes. The hybrid ML framework proposed here can be applied to other biological function classifications or multi-omics datasets to generate hypotheses in various biological contexts. Code and a tutorial for generating models and predictions in this framework are available at: https://github.com/lkenn012/mGSH_cancerClassifiers.
Menstrual waste management practices among female students in Niger delta development commission hostels in educational institutions in Niger delta, Nigeria
Authors: Ikogho Doris Eseoghene , Onoharigho Festus Dafe
Published: February 2025

Background of the study

Menstrual waste management encompasses the practices involved in handling menstrual hygiene products from the onset to the conclusion of menstruation. Despite being a crucial public health issue, menstrual waste management remains under-researched, particularly in educational institutions in Nigeria. This study investigates menstrual waste management practices among female students residing in hostels constructed by the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) in the Niger Delta region, focusing on their methods of disposal, associated challenges, and compliance with global standards.

Methods

The study targeted first-year undergraduate female students from three tertiary institutions, with a total population of 825. A systematic sampling technique was used to select a sample of 413 respondents. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from the World Bank’s Menstrual Health and Hygiene Resource Package (2021) and validated instruments by Adekunle and Ajayi (Am Int J Social Sci Res 4(2):78--87, 2019), with a reliability coefficient of 0.8. Ethical clearance was obtained from Delta State University.

Result

Findings revealed that common menstrual waste materials included cotton wool, pads, and napkins, with many students facing challenges related to affordability and availability of preferred products. Improper disposal practices, such as discarding without wrapping and burying in pits or burning, were prevalent, posing significant health and environmental risks. These unsound practices were exacerbated by the lack of adequate disposal facilities in hostels, limited awareness of proper disposal methods, and non-compliance with global guidelines. Health consequences included an increased risk of infections, while environmental impacts ranged from contamination to prolonged degradation of non-biodegradable materials.

Conclusion

The study highlights the urgent need for infrastructural improvements, targeted education on sustainable menstrual hygiene practices, and stricter adherence to global standards. Recommendations include: University management should jointly implement stringent policies to eliminate unsustainable disposal methods, providing affordable and eco-friendly menstrual products, such as reusable pads, integrating menstrual health education into institutional policies, and enhancing waste management systems. These measures are vital for promoting sustainable menstrual hygiene and aligning with global health and environmental goals.
Comparing self-assessment and instructor ratings: a study on communication and interviewing skills in psychology student training
Authors: Najström Mats , Oscarsson Martin , Ljunggren Ingrid , Ramnerö Jonas
Published: February 2025

Background

A multitude of studies have investigated, assessed, and debated the merits of self-assessment within medical education and related fields, yielding inconclusive results. This raises questions about the reliability of self-assessment as a tool for evaluating competency development. The objective of the current study was to investigate the self-assessment accuracy of psychology students regarding their performance in training for interviewing and communication skills. A novel assessment instrument was employed for this purpose. The main research questions were: (1) How accurate are students’ self-assessments of their performance in comparison to instructors’ ratings? (2) How well do these self-assessments align with perceived changes in skill development at both group and individual levels?

Methods

The study was conducted in three phases to achieve the research objective. In Phase 1, 206 psychology students from the first three semesters of a 5-year master’s program at Stockholm University conducted 15-minute video-recorded interviews, which were rated by instructors using an 11-item assessment instrument. Data were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Phase 2 included 173 second semester students conducting 15-minute video interviews. These were reviewed in small groups, with both students and instructors rating the interviews using the same instrument. The process was repeated after one week. Two Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFAs) were conducted on instructors’ and students’ ratings to validate the three-factor model identified in Phase 1. In Phase 3, correlation analyses and paired-samples t-tests were conducted at both group and individual levels to address the research questions.

Results

The findings indicated high self-assessment accuracy, reflecting strong self-assessment abilities among the students. Comparisons between instructor ratings and students’ self-assessments of skill progression demonstrated good overall alignment. The validated assessment scale developed in Phases 1 and 2 shows potential for application in various educational contexts.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that students are capable of evaluating their own interviewing and communication skills and can take an active role in their skill development when provided with suitable tools and adequate training. The findings support the viability of self-assessment as an educational tool and suggest its integration into psychology training programs, emphasizing clear criteria and reflective practices.
A systems based qualitative analysis exploring the potential to implement risk stratified bowel cancer screening in England
Authors: Moorthie Sowmiya , Taylor Lily , Dennison Rebecca , Usher-Smith Juliet
Published: February 2025

Background

Improving bowel cancer screening programmes through the introduction of risk stratification has been discussed, but not widely implemented in many countries. This study aimed to gain an understanding of system and programmatic aspects that need to be addressed to enable a move towards implementation.

Methods

The Engineering Better Care Framework was used to support exploration and thematic analysis of the views of stakeholders involved in delivery of bowel cancer screening in England. Semi-structured interviews (n = 11) were conducted to gain a better understanding of the problem, and to identify elements that would contribute to a well-designed programme and anticipate barriers to delivery.

Results

There is enthusiasm for introducing risk stratification and it is considered to be beneficial to improving the current screening programme. A major barrier impacting implementation is a lack of consensus on the best approach for risk stratified screening. Many interviewees recognised this as a bottle-neck and were in favour of processes that would enable more joined up decision-making to enable balanced consideration of the differing, and often nuanced potential of different strategies for risk stratification.

Several key considerations and design elements were identified: evidence demonstrating benefit of a particular strategy, feasibility of programme delivery (data availability, workforce capacity, public and patient acceptability, impact on equity), as well as changes to design of patient communication materials, the bowel cancer screening system, consent and follow-up services.

Conclusions

System level issues and clarification of remaining uncertainties require resolution in order to move towards implementation. Moving this agenda forward requires consensus across different stakeholders in the first instance on the best use of risk. This will enable outlining key outstanding evidence gaps and establishing evidence thresholds for implementation. There are opportunities to design an optimal system based on harnessing existing infrastructure and learnings from other screening programmes.
Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) usage guidelines for scholarly publishing: a cross-sectional study of medical journals
Authors: Yin Shuhui , Huang Simu , Xue Peng , Xu Zhuoran , Lian Zi , Ye Chenfei , Ma Siyuan , Liu Mingxuan , Hu Yuanjia , Lu Peiyi , Li Chihua
Published: February 2025

Background

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) has developed rapidly and been increasingly used in scholarly publishing, so it is urgent to examine guidelines for its usage. This cross-sectional study aims to examine the coverage and type of recommendations of GAI usage guidelines among medical journals and how these factors relate to journal characteristics.

Methods

From the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) list for medicine in 2022, we generated two groups of journals: top SJR ranked journals (N = 200) and random sample of non-top SJR ranked journals (N = 140). For each group, we examined the coverage of author and reviewer guidelines across four categories: no guidelines, external guidelines only, own guidelines only, and own and external guidelines. We then calculated the number of recommendations by counting the number of usage recommendations for author and reviewer guidelines separately. Regression models examined the relationship of journal characteristics with the coverage and type of recommendations of GAI usage guidelines.

Results

A higher proportion of top SJR ranked journals provided author guidelines compared to the random sample of non-top SJR ranked journals (95.0% vs. 86.7%, P < 0.01). The two groups of journals had the same median of 5 on a scale of 0 to 7 for author guidelines and a median of 1 on a scale of 0 to 2 for reviewer guidelines. However, both groups had lower percentages of journals providing recommendations for data analysis and interpretation, with the random sample of non-top SJR ranked journals having a significantly lower percentage (32.5% vs. 16.7%, P < 0.05). A higher SJR score was positively associated with providing GAI usage guidelines for both authors (all P < 0.01) and reviewers (all P < 0.01) among the random sample of non-top SJR ranked journals.

Conclusions

Although most medical journals provided their own GAI usage guidelines or referenced external guidelines, some recommendations remained unspecified (e.g., whether AI can be used for data analysis and interpretation). Additionally, journals with lower SJR scores were less likely to provide guidelines, indicating a potential gap that warrants attention. Collaborative efforts are needed to develop specific recommendations that better guide authors and reviewers.
Functional evaluation of novel compound heterozygous variants in SLC12A3 of Gitelman syndrome
Authors: Wang Na , Yang Yuanxing , Tian Xiong , Fu Hongjun , Chen Shuaishuai , Du Juping , Xu Mengyi , He Haixia , Shen Bo , Xu Jiaqin
Published: February 2025

Background

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an inherited renal tubular disorder characterized by hypokalemic alkalosis and hypomagnesemia, due to biallelic pathogenic variants in the solute carrier family 12 member 3 (SLC12A3) gene encoding a sodium-chloride (Na-Cl) cotransporter (NCC). This work aimed at identifying SLC12A3 variants in the GS pedigree and reveal the effect of the mutations on protein structure and function.

Methods

Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were performed in the pedigree. Configuration prediction of two mutant NCC proteins were achieved using SWISS-MODEL. The SLC12A3 missense mutants were generated by site-specific mutagenesis, and the protein expression, location and Na+ uptake activity were assessed by using the HEK293T cell line.

Results

Genetic analysis identified novel compound heterozygous SLC12A3 variants (c.718G > A/p.E240K and c.2675T > C/p.L892P) in the patient with typical GS phenotype. Both of her parents, elder brother and her son carried the heterozygous p.L892P variant, but only the elder brother exhibited mild hypokalemia. Bioinformatics tools predicted that both mutations were highly species conserved and pathogenic. The prediction of mutant protein indicated that p.E240K and p.L892P altered protein’s secondary and three-dimensional (3D) structure and stability. Functional experiments revealed decreased protein expression and Na+ uptake activity caused by these two variants, especially the p.L892P variant.

Conclusion

Our study presents the genetic and functional evidence for the novel compound heterozygous loss-of-function variants in SLC12A3 that may synergistically cuase GS, and expands the mutation spectrum of SLC12A3 variants in patients with GS.
Teleassessment can overestimate the risk of learning disability in first and second grade of primary school
Authors: Fontolan Stefania , Franceschini Sandro , Bortolozzo Marisa , Dui Linda Greta , Ferrante Simona , Termine Cristiano
Published: February 2025

Background

Early administration of reading, writing and math standardised tests allows us to assess the risk of developing a learning disorder and to plan a specific intervention. The ease of access to technological tools and past pandemic restrictions have led to the abandonment of face-to-face assessment in favour of teleassessment methods. Although these kinds of assessments sometimes seem comparable in the literature, their equivalence is not clearly defined. The first aim of our research was to test the comparability of the two modalities using a complete battery of neuropsychological tests. Second, we addressed whether the administration order could influence performance.

Methods

Using a within-subject sample design, we compared face-to-face and teleassessment performance in reading, writing and math tasks in 64 children attending first and second year of primary school.

Results

Teleassessment scores were lower than face-to-face; math tests weighted on difference. Differences were mitigated by previous experience with face-to-face modality.

Conclusions

Although there was considerable overlap between the two administration methods, teleassessment could lead to overestimation of the risk for learning disorders.
Challenges and preventive strategies in pediatric drug hypersensitivity reactions: where do we stand?
Authors: Klain Angela , Galletta Francesca , Mori Francesca , Bettini Irene , Tomei Leonardo , Senatore Antonio Andrea , Manti Sara , Licari Amelia , Miraglia del Giudice Michele , Indolfi Cristiana
Published: February 2025

Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) in pediatric patients present significant clinical challenges due to their potential for severe, life-threatening reactions such as anaphylaxis. Although less common than in adults, DHRs in children are more difficult to diagnose and manage due to limited pediatric-specific research. This study focuses on the role of premedication as a preventive strategy for DHRs, exploring its potential benefits and limitations. While approaches like H1-antihistamines combined with gradual drug dose escalation show promise for reducing mild histamine-mediated reactions, evidence regarding premedication’s effectiveness, particularly for non-IgE-mediated mechanisms, remains inconclusive. Rapid drug desensitization (RDD) protocols demonstrate high success rates in certain cases; however, there are no strong recommendations for or against premedication, and controlled studies documenting its real efficacy are lacking. Further research is crucial to establish clear guidelines and improve the safety and outcomes of pediatric drug allergy management.
Comparison of heroin and fentanyl use in US nationally representative surveys
Authors: Pytell Jarratt D. , Christine Paul J. , LeMasters Katherine , Rockhill Karilynn M. , Black Joshua C. , Dart Richard C. , Binswanger Ingrid A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Given the opioid overdose crisis, surveillance of evolving opioid use patterns is critical to the effective deployment of mitigation strategies. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) provided the first annual US estimate of illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) use in 2022. However, as a household survey, NSDUH may not capture the full extent of population heroin and IMF use. We compare estimates of past-year heroin and IMF use and correlates of use in NSDUH and the Survey of Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs (NMURx) survey which employ an alternate sampling strategy.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the 2022 NSDUH and NMURx. NSDUH samples respondents using a probability-based approach targeting community-dwelling individuals, while NMURx samples respondents using an opt-in, online survey panel. US adults ages 18 years and older were included. The main outcomes were differences in the weighted percentage of population reporting past-year use of heroin, IMF, and either heroin or IMF between the surveys. Secondary outcomes were the patterns of association of past-year heroin or IMF use with comorbid substance use, treatment utilization, and demographic characteristics between the surveys. Data were analyzed March to June 2024.

Results

NSDUH (n = 47,100 respondents) had a lower proportion of respondents who identified as non-Hispanic White and graduated college, and a higher proportion with past week employment than NMURx (N = 59,041 respondents). Past-year use of heroin, IMF, and either heroin or IMF were lower in the NSDUH than the NMURx. NSDUH estimated 0.52% (95% CI: 0.40%, 0.69%) %) of the US population used either heroin or IMF in the past year compared to 1.05% (95% CI: 0.97%, 1.14 0) in NMURx. In regression models, stimulant and benzodiazepine use were consistently associated with increased heroin or IMF use across both surveys.

Conclusions and relevance

The estimated prevalence of heroin or IMF use was nearly 50% higher in the NMURx compared to NSDUH. These results highlight the importance of using complementary surveillance approaches to obtain accurate estimates of the prevalence and patterns of heroin or IMF use.
Food security and crises: evidence from the Western Balkans
Authors: Jámbor Attila , Varga Ágnes
Published: February 2025

Context

The world has experienced many global shocks in recent years, especially affecting vulnerable countries, people and groups. The analysis of recent impacts helps us to better understand how to build more sustainable agri-food systems.

Objectives

This paper aims to analyse the situation and main determinants of food security in the Western Balkans in light of the recent crises to ensure higher resilience for the future.

Methods

It follows a threefold approach. First, the food security situation in the different countries was analysed quantitatively using descriptive statistics of the main indicators on a time-series basis and the main determinants of food security. Second, the results of the semi-structured interviews with local experts were presented to understand the reasons for the changing patterns of food security. Third, results were validated during a hybrid workshop.

Results

Our findings suggest that food security and food supply were stable in most cases, while a large number of small farms, rural depopulation, climate change and harmonisation of food systems were cited as the main challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic did not appear to have a serious impacted on food security, although it has certainly accelerated the restructuring within the agri-food sectors. However, the war in Ukraine has had a greater impact, particularly in terms of high price inflation and rising prices for agricultural inputs.

Conclusions

This paper analysed the food security situation in the Western Balkans in the light of recent crises. Although the region has made good progress in reducing poverty and inequality in recent decades, the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine appear to have stalled or, in some cases, even reversed this progress. This paper provides a number of policy recommendations based on the results to shape future policies of the region towards higher resilience.
Perceived teacher support and student engagement among higher education students – a systematic literature review
Authors: Prananto Kartika , Cahyadi Surya , Lubis Fitriani Yustikasari , Hinduan Zahrotur Rusyda
Published: February 2025

Background

Research on student engagement has garnered significant interest from educators and practitioners because of its direct impact on academic success and achievement. Engaged students tend to perform better academically and exhibit fewer undesirable study behaviors, thereby enhancing academic outcomes.

Objective

This systematic literature review consolidates research on the impact of perceived teacher support on student engagement in higher education. This study emphasizes the association between teacher support in improving students’ academic performance, motivation, and retention. Furthermore, the review explores key theoretical frameworks, such as self-determination theory and social cognitive theory, alongside methodological tools such as measurement instruments and statistical analyses. The goal is to equip psychologists and educational researchers with insights into the relevant frameworks, tools, and methods for advancing future studies within the context of higher education.

Methods

This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. We conducted a comprehensive search for academic studies published in English within databases such as APA PsycNet, Scopus, ERIC, EBSCOHost, ProQuest, and PubMed to identify eligible studies published between 2014 and 2024.

Results

A review of 13 selected articles revealed that both students’ personal characteristics and school environment factors mediate and moderate the relationship between perceived teacher support and student engagement. The students’ personal characteristics factors include self-efficacy, the fulfillment of psychological needs, and motivation, whereas school environment factors involve the learning environment and the quality of teacher-student and peer relationships. Our findings show a lack of studies prior to 2020, with most research conducted in China and limited contributions from Malaysia and Vietnam. The reviewed articles predominantly used cross-sectional quantitative designs and self-report questionnaires, employing statistical methods like path analysis and structural equation modeling. Theoretical frameworks on student engagement mostly followed Fredricks et al.‘s model, while teacher support theories varied, with three main patterns identified: direct influence, mediation through basic psychological needs, and social cognitive perspectives. This review emphasizes the crucial role of teacher support in enhancing student engagement in higher education and urges further exploration in this under-researched area.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this review underscores the significant role of teacher support in enhancing student engagement in higher education. It highlights key theoretical frameworks and research methodologies, offering valuable insights for future studies aimed at advancing teacher support and student engagement in this context.
Distributions of heme B and its implications on Fe biogeochemistry in the eastern Indian Ocean and the western North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Isaji Yuta , Sugie Koji , Ishikawa Naoto F. , Ogawa Nanako O. , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Yoshikawa Chisato , Obata Hajime , Honda Makio C. , Ohkouchi Naohiko
Published: February 2025

Heme B is an iron-coordinated porphyrin cofactor that facilitates essential biochemical reactions. As a major iron component in almost all life forms, the abundance of heme B in the ocean provides novel insights into iron biogeochemistry. In this study, we investigated the distribution of heme B in suspended particulate material collected from the surface mixed layer of the eastern Indian Ocean and the western North Pacific Ocean. Within the photic zone of the regions studied, particulate heme B concentrations ranged 1.24–8.39 pmol L−1and were positively correlated with particulate organic carbon and chlorophyll a concentrations, consistent with the biologically ubiquitous nature of heme B. Profiles of heme B normalized to particulate organic carbon (heme B/POC) and chlorophyll a (heme B/chl a) revealed a complex response of the microbial heme B pool to environmental factors. In the eastern Indian Ocean, heme B/POC increased in response to enhanced iron bioavailability. Notably, a sharp increase in heme B/POC, up to 3.04 µmol mol−1 in the Bay of Bengal, was attributed to the alleviation of iron stress due to substantial iron inputs from monsoonal aeolian dust and riverine sources. Conversely, heme B/POC as low as 0.88 µmol mol−1 in the South Indian Ocean was consistent with the previous incubation experiments indicating iron limitation. In the western North Pacific Ocean, relatively low heme B/POC values in both the iron-limited subarctic and nitrogen-limited subtropical regions highlighted the influence of factors beyond iron bioavailability. In the subarctic region, an elevation in dissolved iron concentrations due to seasonal deepening of the surface mixed layer was counterbalanced by greater iron investment in photosynthetic proteins to acclimate to low light intensities. On the other hand, microbial communities in the subtropical western North Pacific Ocean were less likely to have experienced iron stress. However, a reduction in the intracellular abundance of heme B-containing photosynthetic proteins and nitrate reductase under nitrogen-limited conditions may have resulted in heme B/POC values comparable to those observed in the iron-limited regions. Based on our particulate heme B measurements, we estimated the global particulate biogenic iron pool in the surface ocean, which showed consistency with model-simulated estimates. This study highlights the utility of heme B as a valuable parameter for understanding iron biogeochemistry, which is critical for elucidating the links between marine iron and carbon cycles.
Kinematic analysis and experimental verification of transforming planar linkage mechanism
Authors: Unde Jayant , Ito Yahiro , Colan Jacinto , Hasegawa Yasuhisa
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the kinematic characteristics of a novel transforming planar linkage mechanism characterized by a coiling and uncoiling motion pattern. Unlike traditional deployable structures that depend on scaling transformations, this mechanism utilizes a four-bar linkage system that rotates collectively to achieve the desired transformation with a single degree of freedom. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanism’s properties, highlighting its singularity points, trajectory variations, and transformation capabilities contingent on the fixed frame’s position. These properties are validated through simulations and experimental tests, supporting the analytical findings. Furthermore, a tendon-driven actuation method tailored for this mechanism is introduced and validated using a physical prototype. The results contribute significantly to understanding this innovative planar linkage mechanism, offering valuable insights for designing novel mechanical systems and applications.
One pot of Sonogashira coupling and oxidation of alcohol reactions by magnetic nanocatalyst in an ideal environment
Authors: Binandeh Mansour
Published: February 2025

Mainly in the new era, there is a need to accelerate chemical reactions, which is made possible by advanced nanocatalysts, whose magnetic nanocatalysts are highly efficient in controlling chemical reactions such as Sonogashira coupling and alcohol oxidation. Magnetic nanocatalysts are made of magnetite nanoparticles under the chemical co-precipitation method. Their structure was identified by analysis such as EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray) and XRD (X-ray diffraction). The Sonogashira carbon–carbon coupling reaction was performed twice consecutively, and the product efficiency was more than 97%. Oxidation of alcohols to produce aldehyde products is up to 99%. The structure of the magnetic nanocomposite was analyzed after several reuses, and the results showed that it was unchanged, and its performance, structure, and magnetic properties were fully preserved. The reaction conditions are at the lowest possible temperature, harmless solvents, and the highest efficiency percentage, which creates green conditions. The products obtained from the Sonogashira double coupling reaction have two triple bonds. Also, the products with the oxidation of alcohols, which are used as the main precursors in the chemical and medical industries for chemical and pharmaceutical production, are very important.
Predicting the survival of patients with glioblastoma using deep learning: a systematic review
Authors: Habibi Mohammad Amin , Tajabadi Zohreh , Soltani Farsani Ali , Omid Reza , Tajabadi Zahra , Shobeiri Parnian
Published: February 2025

Background

High-grade gliomas (HGG) are aggressive brain tumor and despite intensive treatment strategy have a relatively low rate of overall survival (OS). There is no reliable technique for prediction of survival of HGG. We aimed to investigate the performance of deep learning (DL) algorithms for predicting OS of patients with glioblastoma.

Method

A systematic search was conducted in well-established research databases from inception to 23 May 2023 to retrieving the eligible studies. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy regarding DL algorithms regarding OS of glioblastoma was extracted.

Results

A total of 19 studies were included: 11 used conventional neural networks (CNNs) and eight used support vector machines (SVM). 17 studies performed validation, with 16 using cross-validation or Leave-One-Out Cross-validation. The radiomics features extracted varied from 3 to 17,441. Transfer learning was used in 6 studies. Several studies evaluated the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of DL models for GBM survival prediction. The accuracy ranged from 46.4 to 98.4% for CNNs to SVMs models. Sensitivity varied from 42.9 to 96.5%, while specificity ranged from 16.7 to 99.0%. The AUC values ranged from 61.4 to 85% for CNNs and SVMs models.

Conclusion

Depending on multiparametric imaging data, DL can help with glioblastoma patient stratification, but external multicenter repeatability studies are needed before therapeutic integration. Radiomics-guided precision oncology shows promise for optimizing glioblastoma care. Future research should focus on developing predictive models that incorporate larger patient cohorts and more robust imaging modalities. Dataset harmonization is also necessary for effective risk categorization.
Recommendations on neurologic, cognitive, and psychiatric manifestations in patients with Sjögren’s disease by the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology
Authors: de Oliveira Fabiola Reis , Appenzeller Simone , Pasoto Sandra Gofinet , Fernandes Marilena Leal Mesquita Silvestre , Lemos Lopes Maria Lucia , de Magalhães Souza Fialho Sonia Cristina , Pinheiro Aysa Cesar , dos Santos Laura Caldas , Valim Valeria , Serrano Erica Vieira , Ribeiro Sandra Lucia Euzébio , Libório‑Kimura Tatiana Nayara , do Egypto Danielle Christinne Soares , Cantali Diego Ustárroz , Gennari Juliana D’Agostino , Miyamoto Samira Tatiyama , Capobianco Karina Gatz , Pugliesi Alisson Aliel Vigano , Civile Vinicius Tassoni , Pinto Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes , Rocha-Filho César Ramos , da Rocha Aline Pereira , Trevisani Virginia Fernandes Moça
Published: February 2025

Background

Neurological and psychiatric manifestations occur in patients with primary Sjogren’s disease (SjD) with a wide-ranging clinical presentation, affecting quality of life, social participation, and prognosis. Despite this, neither central nor peripheral neurological symptoms are systematically evaluated in the context of autoimmunity or identified as manifestations of SjD. The EULAR Sjogren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) covers only part of them in the neurological domain.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of the diagnosis and prevalence of central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous system manifestations in primary SjD, following the recommendations proposed by the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. Observational studies were included when their main issue was the diagnosis and the prevalence of the manifestations individually. We employed a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) method with a random-effects model, and the results were computed using logit transformation, implemented through the ‘meta’ and ‘metafor’ packages in the R software (version 3.6.1). To present these recommendations, agreement among experts was investigated using the Delphi method in in-person meetings.

Results

We propose ten recommendations regarding the investigation and management of neurological involvement in SjD that had 100% agreement among participants.

Conclusion

These recommendations add to the literature on the clinical care of patients with SjD.
G protein-coupled receptor 107 deficiency promotes development of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Xu Deping , Tong Ziwen , Yang Ping , Chen Qiong , Wang Suhua , Zhao Wei , Han Linzi , Yin Yu , Xu Ruyue , Zhang Min , Cai Chunlin , Wang Deguang , Zang Dandan , Zhou Guoling , Zhou Haisheng
Published: February 2025

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening, primarily due to the abnormal accumulation of collagen type IV (COL4) in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of podocytes. Podocytes endocytosis is crucial for maintaining COL4 balance and GBM integrity. Previous studies have shown that G protein-coupled receptor 107 (GPR107) facilitates clathrin-dependent transferrin internalization and recycling in murine embryonic fibroblast cells. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate the role of GPR107 in regulating COL4 balance within the podocytes ECM and its potential as a therapeutic target for DN. Here, we found a significant decrease in GPR107 expression in renal tissues from DN patients and streptozocin (STZ)-induced DN mice. Furthermore, GPR107-deficient mice with STZ-induced DN exhibited more severe kidney damage, marked by increased GBM thickening and COL4 accumulation. In vitro, GPR107 deficiency under high-glucose conditions promoted COL4 accumulation in the ECM of podocytes due to increased COL4 production and decreased COL4 degradation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that GPR107 contributes to angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) internalization through clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in podocytes. Therefore, GPR107 deficiency impairs AT1R internalization, leading to increased membrane-bound AT1R. This, in turn, activates the AT1R/Ca2+ signaling pathway to promote phosphorylation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), ultimately enhancing COL4 synthesis and inhibiting the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2). These findings shed light on new functions of GPR107 in DN and offer new insights into a therapeutic target for DN.
Transoral Robotic Surgery in the Multidisciplinary Care of Patients With Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: ASCO Guideline
Authors: Holsinger F. Christopher , Ismaila Nofisat , Adkins Douglas R. , Barber Brittany R. , Burnette Graham , Fakhry Carole , Galloway Thomas J. , Goepfert Ryan P. , Miles Brett A. , Paleri Vinidh , Patel Ashish A. , Roof Scott A. , Starmer Heather M. , Yom Sue S. , Saba Nabil F. , Li Ryan , Ku Jamie A.
Published: February 2025

ASCO Guidelines provide recommendations with comprehensive review and analyses of the relevant literature for each recommendation, following the guideline development process as outlined in the

ASCO Guidelines Methodology Manual

. ASCO Guidelines follow the

ASCO Conflict of Interest Policy for Clinical Practice Guidelines

.

Clinical Practice Guidelines and other guidance (“Guidance”) provided by ASCO is not a comprehensive or definitive guide to treatment options. It is intended for voluntary use by clinicians and should be used in conjunction with independent professional judgment. Guidance may not be applicable to all patients, interventions, diseases or stages of diseases. Guidance is based on review and analysis of relevant literature and is not intended as a statement of the standard of care. ASCO does not endorse third-party drugs, devices, services, or therapies and assumes no responsibility for any harm arising from or related to the use of this information. See complete disclaimer in
Appendix 1
and
2
(online only) for more

.

PURPOSE

To provide evidence-based recommendations for the use of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in the multidisciplinary management of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPC).

METHODS

ASCO convened a multidisciplinary Expert Panel to evaluate the evidence and formulate recommendations. The literature search included studies published between January 1, 2002, and August 31, 2024, and comprised systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies. Outcomes of interest include overall and disease-free survival, functional outcomes, and quality of life. Expert Panel members used available evidence and informal consensus to develop evidence-based guideline recommendations.

RESULTS

A total of 58 publications were identified to inform the evidence base for this guideline.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Evidence-based recommendations address the evaluation and workup of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive OPC, the role of TORS, patient selection, adjuvant therapy, HPV-negative OPC, and use of TORS in salvage or recurrent setting.

Additional information is available at
www.asco.org/head-neck-cancer-guidelines
.
Phase II Study of Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, and Panitumumab in Patients With
KRAS
/
NRAS
/
BRAF
Wild-Type Microsatellite Stable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Somasundaram Ashwin , Moore Dominic T. , Turk Anita A. , Imanirad Iman , Cohen Stacey A. , Ciombor Kristen K. , Triglianos Tammy , McRee Autumn J. , Lee Michael S. , Sanoff Hanna K.
Published: February 2025

PURPOSE

Panitumumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is standard therapy for patients with
KRAS/NRAS/BRAF
wild-type (WT), microsatellite stable (MSS), metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We hypothesized that the addition of ipilimumab (anti–cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD1) to panitumumab would increase response rate.

METHODS

This is a phase II, multicenter, single-arm trial of panitumumab, ipilimumab, and nivolumab in
KRAS
/
NRAS
/
BRAF
WT, MSS mCRC. Eligible patients had received ≥1 previous lines of therapy and no previous anti-EGFR or immune checkpoint inhibitor. Patients received ipilimumab 1 mg/kg IV once every 6 weeks, nivolumab 240 mg IV once every 2 weeks, and panitumumab 6 mg/kg IV once every 2 weeks until progression, toxicity, or patient withdrawal. The primary outcome was overall response rate at 12 weeks. Using a Simon's two-stage design, with null and alternative hypothesis response rates of 22% and 35%, responses in ≥17 patients of 56 would be considered worthy of additional study.

RESULTS

In 56 patients enrolled between March 2018 and June 2020, the response rate was 32.1% (95% CI, 21.4 to 45.2; n = 18). The median progression-free survival was 6.0 months (95% CI, 5.5 to 7.4), and the median overall survival was 17.4 months (95% CI, 14.2 to 27.5). With a median follow-up of 43.3 months (95% CI, 41 to 55), four patients (10.7%) were alive without progression, including two patients with liver metastases. There was one treatment-related grade 5 myocarditis. The most common treatment-related grade 3 to 4 toxicities included lipase increased (9%), amylase increased (7%), ALT increased (5%), AST increased (5%), diarrhea (5%), hypophosphatemia (5%), and maculopapular rash (5%).

CONCLUSION

The combination of panitumumab, ipilimumab, and nivolumab demonstrated an acceptable response rate including a signal of durable response even among patients with liver metastases, suggesting activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with anti-EGFR therapy in MSS mCRC.
Effects of non-contact electric fields on the kidneys and livers of tumour-bearing rats
Authors: Alamsyah Firman , Firdausi Nisrina , Nugraheni Subekti Evi Dwi , Fadhlurrahman Ahmad Ghitha , Nurhidayat Luthfi , Pratiwi Rarastoeti , Taruno Warsito Purwo
Published: February 2025

Background A novel modality of cancer treatment based on exposure to non-contact electric fields called Electro-Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) has been developed. However, the effects of this modality on vital organs during cancer treatment have not been fully investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of non-contact electric field exposure on kidney and liver structures. Methods Female rats were randomly divided into one control group and three treatment groups with six replications each. Animals were treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for mammary tumour induction. Animals were then exposed to electric fields (100 kHz, 50-60 V/m) for 10 hours a day for three weeks. Two kidney samples and two liver samples from different animals in each group were collected for observation of structural damage to the organs. Histopathological cross-sections of the kidneys and livers were made using the paraffin method and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Histological scoring used the post-examination masking method with 100 visual fields per group. Results There was no significant damages to the tubules, glomeruli, and interstitial of the kidneys, including congestion, after exposure to non-contact electric fields. In addition, healthy rats exposed to this electric field showed significantly lower renal interstitial damage. There was no significant cellular damage, congestion, and haemorrhage in the livers of all groups, except in the healthy rat group that showed significantly higher haemorrhage. Conclusions Exposure to non-contact electric fields may cause haemorrhage in the livers of healthy rats. However, in kidney tissue, exposure to this electric field was tolerable, and can even decrease the number of inflammations and haemorrhages in healthy rats.
The Role of Climate Change Adaptation in Enhancing Household Food Security: A Case Study of the Hamassa Watershed Agroecologies, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Bergene Tegegn , Simane Belay , Abi Meskerem
Published: February 2025

Background Climate change adaptation is an incomparable prior measure to tackle unpreventable climate calamities to enhance smallholder farming and food security. This empirical study assesses smallholder farmers’ adaptation options to climate change or variability for achieving food security. Methods Data were gathered from a survey of 328 respondents, selected randomly and proportionally from three different agro-ecological zones. Additional qualitative insights were collected through focus group discussions and interviews with key informants to reinforce the findings. The multinomial endogenous switching regression, independent t-test and the instrumental variable (2sls) regression were used as method of analysis Results The result indicated that ACAC impacted food security positively and significantly in the study area at a percent rate of 12.4, 16.3,18 and 27.7 when households adopting one, two, three, and four ACAC, respectively, in the HFBM case, and the same meaning was obtained from other food security measuring tools. However, the rate and manner of change differ at different agroecologies, signifying careful discernment when applying ACAC at different spacial areas, especially in agroecology. The change in agroecology declares that midlands have a negative likelihood propensity for climate adaptation compared to highlands, while lowlands have positive and insignificant implications. The mean comparison from the independent t-test showed statistically significant adopters and non-adopters food security measures, which also informed the positive contribution of CACA on households’ food security. Interestingly, factors such as distance to water sources, land size, ox ownership, crop income, and access to credit influenced food security in diverse ways depending on regional and contextual specifics. Conclusions Thus, ACAC impacts food security differently at different rates in different agroecologies in the area. Integrated and tailored technical, institutional, and policy interventions are needed to tackle the calamities of climate change leap to smallholder farming and food security