bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Islamaphobic Discourse and Interethnic Conflict
Authors: Van Gilder Bobbi J. , Massey Zachary B.
Published: August 2019

This chapter examines the Islamaphobic discourse that is perpetuated by the news media coverage of the ISIS beheadings to explain the potential influence of news media on viewers' dissociative behaviors, and the justifications made by social actors for such behaviors. Specifically, this chapter seeks to explore the ways in which intragroup identities are strengthened (ingroup bias) through outgroup derogation. The authors conducted a thematic analysis of news coverage from five major news sources. Findings revealed four themes of problematic discourse: (1) naming the enemy, (2) establishing intergroup threat, (3) homogenizing Islamic peoples, and (4) accentuating the negative. The authors then describe several ways in which media can function as a buffer to alleviate intergroup hostilities through the creation of positive contact situations.
Social Media and the Public Sphere in China
Authors: Shan Zhou , Tang Lu
Published: August 2019

This chapter seeks to answer the question of whether microblog can function as a promising form of public sphere. Utilizing a combined framework of public sphere based on the theories of Mouffe (1995) and Dahlgren (2005), it examines the political discussion and interrogation on Sina Weibo, China's leading microblog site, concerning the Wenzhou high-speed train derailment accident in July of 2011 through a critical discourse analysis. Its results suggest that Weibo enables the creation of new social imaginary and genre of discourse as well as the construction of new social identities.
The Role of Mass Media in Women's Participation in 2013 Kenya General Election
Authors: Okinda Thomas Ibrahim
Published: August 2019

This chapter assesses the role and performance of the Kenyan media in women's participation in 2013 Kenya general election with particular emphasis on radio, television and newspapers. Kenya has a diverse, vibrant and largely free media whose coverage of the election was useful in informing, educating and mobilizing women to vote. However, limited and biased media coverage of women candidates, inadequate civic and voter education may have inhibited women's electoral participation as few women contested and won electoral seats in the 2013 Kenyan polls. Therefore, the media should enhance the visibility of women, political rights and issues of women as the country endeavours to enhance gender equality in political representation. To achieve this, the media should partner with women, the electoral body, government, political parties and other stakeholders in Kenya in order to improve women's media coverage and political participation.
Development of a Novel Parallel Structure for Gait Rehabilitation
Authors: Gonçalves Rogério Sales , Rodrigues Lucas Antônio Oliveira
Published: August 2019

This chapter deals with the development of a new active body weight support, based on a parallel robotic structure with 5 degrees of freedom. Initially, a revision of the main structures applied in body weight support for gait rehabilitation is presented, along with a conceptual model of the proposed structure. Therefore, the inverse kinematics and singularity analysis are performed. A dynamic model is then built based on the obtained kinematics, and all parts of the structure are optimized using an evolutional algorithm. Finally, a CAD model of the structure is built based on the optimized dimensions and the model is applied to computational simulations of the gait rehabilitation, being thus ready for prototype construction.
Infrared Thermography for Intelligent Robotic Systems in Research Industry Inspections
Authors: Massaro Alessandro , Galiano Angelo
Published: August 2019

Infrared thermography has been applied in different research projects involving leakages, micro-climate monitoring, energy control, security, and predictive maintenance. The chapter focuses on image and data process techniques improving intelligent inspection systems able to extract hidden information. Image segmentation techniques, data mining, and machine learning approaches have been applied by proposing innovative models suitable for accurate process monitoring. The proposed models can be adopted for the engineering of industry processes involving quality, production performance indicators, security systems, resources management, and intelligent scheduling of activities. Different networks able to transmit data and thermograms are described by discussing system integration in robotic systems. The proposed chapter provides elements and requirements for the design of infrared thermography facilities in industries. Different cases of study of industry projects have been analyzed in order to provide models usable in different application fields.
Career Needs and Career Values
Authors: Maher Chi
Published: August 2019

This chapter explores the mediating role of organizational culture on managerial internal career needs and career values in small third sector social enterprises. Organizational culture refers to a set of basic assumptions in an organization such as symbols, artefacts, attitudes, and behavior as the way in which things are done in the organization. These assumptions are maintained in the continuous process of interaction in the organization. Every organization develops and maintains a unique culture, which provides guidelines and boundaries for the career management of members of the organization. Understanding the career needs and career values of managers helps organizations to develop strategies to retain quality managers which will enable them to deliver and fulfil performance accountability requirements associated with delivering public services.
New Generation of Productive Workers
Authors: Cresnar Rok
Published: August 2019

The main purpose of this chapter is to consider how can the millennials' personal values impact employee productivity in the future organizational environment of Industry 4.0. In the modern business environment, major changes are happening in many fronts. On one hand, we have the phenomenon of digitalization and Industry 4.0, and on another hand, we see that the millennials are rapidly taking over important roles and positions in those organizations that are impacted by digitalization. If we consider the notion that the new industrial revolution behind Industry 4.0 will be based on major improvements in productivity due to the mediating effect of a technological revolution, then the role of employee productivity or better say the millennials' productivity will be paramount. This chapter shows that based on deep analysis of millennials' personal values worldwide, the millennials hold prominent personal values, which correspond well with Industry 4.0 readiness and competency models, meaning that they can significantly impact the productivity of an organization.
Digitalization in Accounting Through Changing Technology and Accounting Engineering as an Adaptation Proposal
Authors: Esmeray Azize , Esmeray Murat
Published: August 2019

When the historical process of accounting is looked at, it is seen that there are revolutionary turning points such as development of double-entry bookkeeping method, uniform accounting system and international accounting standards practices, and use of computer software in accounting. Technology has initiated a radical transformation process by enabling the transfer of accounting to the digital platform. Involvement of accountants in this digital change process, their adaptation, and responses must be simultaneous. Students who are receiving accounting education should also be trained in this direction so that not only accountants but also future accountants will be able to adapt to digitalization. Accounting engineering is a model developed as a solution offer at this point. In this study, the concept of digital accounting and accounting engineering which emerged through the adaptation of accounting as an information system with new technologies will be discussed.
Digital Transformation and Environmental Management Applications
Authors: Hancıoğlu Yasemin
Published: August 2019

Today, when determining competitive strategies, businesses should consider environmentally-sensitive approaches and Industry 4.0. The fact that the world is increasingly affected by environmental negativities leads businesses to adopt green thinking. Increasing the orientation of the businesses to green is possible with the concentrated roles of all business functions. In this study, it was determined how much of the Industrial 4.0 approach of the White Goods sector in Turkey was adopted. In addition to this, it is examined how much they integrate the approaches that aim to minimize the harm to the environment to their enterprises in order to create an effective management system. As a result, it can be said that environmental awareness has been formed in the leading enterprises of Turkey such as Arçelik and Vestel and that developments in the world have been followed and tried to be integrated in the name of Industry 4.0.
Copyright, Patent, and Trademark
Authors: Altuk Evrim , Kablan Ali , Ocak Murat
Published: August 2019

Technological improvements have introduced many changes that attract not only the entire society but also companies. Companies that use technological opportunities take advantage of competition. In a rapidly changing world companies should be innovative and flexible to adapt to new technological developments. In this study, the authors investigate the relationship between firms' innovative activities in terms of patents, trademarks, and copyrights and female-dominated firms using some control variables at firm level.
The Development of Servitization Concept in the Era of Industry 4.0 Through SCM Perspective
Authors: Tabaklar Tunca , Yildirim Cansu
Published: August 2019

The transition from goods-dominant logic to service-dominant logic has captured the attention of industries for decades now. Servitization is one of the concepts that enable organizations to make this transition by providing services along with their products and has become an important competitive strategy for organizations to survive in their ecosystems. Thus, in this chapter, the objective is to increase the understanding of servitization concept in the era of Industry 4.0 from supply chain management perspective. The content analysis methodology is used to examine articles that bring together servitization and supply chain management and to find out where servitization stands with regards to Industry 4.0 applications. The findings show Industry 4.0 applications during servitization operations are yet to develop, and accordingly, the chapter concludes with further research directions in relations to servitization and Industry 4.0 applications in the frame of supply chain management.
Complement Component C5 and TLR Molecule CD14 Mediate Heme-Induced Thromboinflammation in Human Blood
Authors: Thomas Anub M. , Gerogianni Alexandra , McAdam Martin B. , Fløisand Yngvar , Lau Corinna , Espevik Terje , Nilsson Per H. , Mollnes Tom Eirik , Barratt-Due Andreas
Published: August 2019

Heme is a critical danger molecule liberated from hemeproteins in various conditions, including from hemoglobin in hemolytic diseases. Heme may cause thromboinflammatory damage by activating inflammatory and hemostatic pathways, such as complement, the TLRs, coagulation, and platelets. In this study, we explored the effect of single and dual inhibition of complement component C5 and TLR coreceptor CD14 on heme-induced thromboinflammation in an ex vivo human whole blood model. Heme induced a dose-dependent activation of complement via the alternative pathway. Single inhibition of C5 by eculizumab attenuated the release of IL-6, IL-8, TNF, MCP-1, MIP-1α, IFN-γ, LTB-4, MMP-8 and -9, and IL-1Ra with more than 60% (p < 0.05 for all) reduced the upregulation of CD11b on granulocytes and monocytes by 59 and 40%, respectively (p < 0.05), and attenuated monocytic tissue factor expression by 33% (p < 0.001). Blocking CD14 attenuated IL-6 and TNF by more than 50% (p < 0.05). In contrast to single inhibition, combined C5 and CD14 was required for a significantly attenuated prothrombin cleavage (72%, p < 0.05). Markers of thromboinflammation were also quantified in two patients admitted to the hospital with sickle cell disease (SCD) crisis. Both SCD patients had pronounced hemolysis and depleted plasma hemopexin and haptoglobin. Plasma heme and complement activation was markedly increased in one patient, a coinciding observation as demonstrated ex vivo. In conclusion, heme-induced thromboinflammation was largely attenuated by C5 inhibition alone, with a beneficial effect of adding a CD14 inhibitor to attenuate prothrombin activation. Targeting C5 has the potential to reduce thromboinflammation in SCD crisis patients.
Nasal Vaccination Drives Modifications of Nasal and Systemic Antibody Repertoires in Rainbow Trout
Authors: Magadan Susana , Jouneau Luc , Boudinot Pierre , Salinas Irene
Published: August 2019

Bony fish represent the most basal vertebrate branch with a dedicated mucosal immune system, which comprises immunologically heterogeneous microenvironments armed with innate and adaptive components. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) was recently described as a diffuse network of myeloid and lymphoid cells located in the olfactory organ of fish. Several studies have demonstrated high levels of protection conferred by nasal vaccines against viral and bacterial pathogens; however, the mechanisms underlying the observed protection are not well understood. We applied 5′RACE and a deep sequencing–based approach to investigate the clonal structure of the systemic and mucosal rainbow trout B cell repertoire. The analysis of Ig repertoire in control trout suggests different structures of IgM and IgT spleen and NALT repertoires, with restricted repertoire diversity in NALT. Nasal and injection vaccination with a bacterial vaccine revealed unique dynamics of IgM and IgT repertoires at systemic and mucosal sites and the remarkable ability of nasal vaccines to induce spleen Ig responses. Our findings provide an important immunological basis for the effectiveness of nasal vaccination in fish and other vertebrate animals and will help the design of future nasal vaccination strategies.
The role of foreign aid in promoting livelihoods of rural farmers in Ghana: A study of Nsawam pineapple farmers
Authors: Adom Alex Y. , Boateng Lydia
Published: August 2019

Background: The last five decades have witnessed significant inflows of donor assistance from the international donor community to support rural livelihoods and development in Ghana. However, after 50 years of consistent aid to Ghana, donor assistance has not fared as expected to improve farmers’ livelihoods and agricultural productivity.Aim: Using the modernisation theory as the basis of the study, this article examines how urbanisation, urban growth, and access to and security of rights to land affect the utility of development aid for farmers’ livelihoods.Setting: The setting is among the pineapple farmers at Nsawam in the Eastern Region of Ghana.Method: Relying on the qualitative research approach, data gathered reveal that because of urbanisation pressures, farmers’ rights to their lands are threatened by economic and political powers with stakes in farmers’ lands, such that farmers at all times attempt to find alternative livelihoods, even with development aid.Conclusion: Thus, the study concludes that when farmers’ major assets are threatened, they do not necessarily seek to sustain current livelihoods. Rather, they constantly seek alternative ones, a finding that should inform sustainable livelihood analysis to better understand farmers’ perspectives and meet their expectations about their own livelihoods. The study advocates ‘livelihood transience’ as an expanded and integral form of livelihood analysis. This expanded notion should not replace the current focus on ‘sustainable livelihood’, but rather complement it.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of contraceptive methods among women seeking voluntary termination of pregnancy at Jubilee Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
Authors: Bongongo Tombo , Govender Indiran
Published: August 2019

Introduction. There is an alarmingly high rate of women in South Africa, who are of childbearing age, who still opt for abortions or Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy (VTOP). Despite the availability of free contraceptive methods and health education in all health facilities across the country, to reduce and prevent unwanted pregnancies and VTOP there is still an alarming increase in the rate of VTOP. This study sought to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of contraceptive methods among women seeking voluntary termination of pregnancy at Jubilee Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa.Methods. A across-sectional survey using a piloted, structured and self- administered questionnaire. Convenience sampling was applied and the sample size was 126.Result.  The mean age of the 126 participants was 26.1 years. Findings obtained after analysis of participants’ data were grouped following the university categorisation. Below 50% referred as “poor” outcome, from 50 to 74% was referred as “satisfactory” outcome and beyond 74% was considered as “excellent” outcome. Knowledge was poor for 28 (22.2%) of women. It was satisfactory for 91 (72.2%) women and excellent for 7 (5.5%) women. Looking at the attitude: 124 (98.4%) approved the use of contraception, 1 (0.79%) disapproved and 1 (0,79%) abstained due to religious beliefs. Regarding the practice of contraception: 92 (73.0%) have already used contraceptive methods while 34 (27.0%) have not.Conclusion: In summary, the study showed a satisfactory knowledge of contraceptive methods, a positive attitude towards contraception and a huge number of participants who have already used contraceptive methods, among women seeking voluntary termination of pregnancy at Jubilee Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa.
Factors associated with physical activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at a public clinic in Gaborone, Botswana, in 2017
Authors: Shiriyedeve Sunungurai , Dlungwane Thembelihle P. , Tlou Boikhutso
Published: August 2019

Background: Physical activity plays a significant role in the managing of type 2 diabetes and is essential in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes mellitus. A number of factors influence non-adherence to physical activity: social, personal, environmental and economic factors. Diabetes research conducted in Botswana has focused on behavioural change, treatment adherence and nutrition. The physical activity levels of type 2 diabetes patients and associated factors are not known.Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the physical activity levels (PALs) and factors associated with physical activity in type 2 diabetes mellitusSetting: The study was conducted at a public clinic in Gaborone, Botswana, in 2017.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at a public clinic in Gaborone, Botswana. An interview-administered questionnaire was used to assess the PALs and factors associated with physical activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Data were captured on Excel and exported to SPSS software version 25 for analysis. Chi-square test, Fischer’s exact test and Pearson’s moment correlation examined the relationship between participants’ characteristics and their engagement in regular exercise.Results: The majority of the study participants had low PALs (54.7%). The results showed a non-significant negative correlation between age and PAL (r = −0.085) and between sitting time (sedentary time) and PAL (−0.098).Conclusion: Most type 2 diabetes mellitus patients had low PALs. Health-promoting activities are needed to promote physical activity and thus prevent complications associated with physical inactivity.
Summary of congress proceedings
Authors: Beenhakker J. C.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
A study to compare the ventilation patterns produced with intermittent positive pressure breathing to those produced by deep breathing
Authors: Eales C. J. , Shapiro A. , Edelman D. , Cohen D.
Published: August 2019

Much research has been done on IPPB and to date little evidence has been provided to support the use of this modality. Our study was designed to investigate the ventilation pattern produced by IPPB with deep breathing compared to deep breathing only in patients who have had suspected pulmonary emboli. Ventilation images of the lungs obtained through the inhalation of the radio-active gas Krypton were used for this comparison. Twenty-three subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group A comprised 12 subjects who received the radio-active gas via IPPB. The 11 subjects in group B received the radio-active gas via the routine circuit, while doing diaphragmatic breathing.The data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. It was shown that in patients with suspected pulmonary emboli there is no evidence that IPPB would increase alveolar ventilation more than deep breathing exercises would.
Myofascial pain: A review - Part II
Authors: Pullen Shelley
Published: August 2019

A literature review on myofascial pain, concepts of fibrositis and fibromyalgia are presented. Myofascial pain is discussed as regards its definition, occurrence, behaviour, characteristics and modern approaches to treatment. Theories of the pathology of trigger points are described. Also the myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome and its clinical recognition are addressed.
An improved air mass factor calculation for NO2 measurements from GOME-2
Authors: Liu Song , Valks Pieter , Pinardi Gaia , Xu Jian , Argyrouli Athina , Lutz Ronny , Tilstra L. Gijsbert , Huijnen Vincent , Hendrick François , Van Roozendael Michel
Published: August 2019

Abstract. An improved tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) retrieval algorithm from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument based on air mass factor (AMF) calculations performed with more realistic model parameters is presented. The viewing angle-dependency of surface albedo is taken into account by improving the GOME-2 Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity (LER) climatology with a directionally dependent LER (DLER) dataset over land and an ocean surface albedo parametrization over water. A priori NO2 profiles with higher spatial and temporal resolutions are obtained from the IFS(CB05BASCOE) chemistry transport model based on recent emission inventories. A more realistic cloud treatment is provided by a Cloud-As-Layers (CAL) approach, which treats the clouds as uniform layers of water droplets, instead of the current Clouds-as-Reflecting-Boundaries (CRB) model, which assumes the clouds as Lambertian reflectors. Improvements in the AMF calculation affect the tropospheric NO2 columns on average within ±15 % in winter and ±5 % in summer over largely polluted regions. In addition, the impact of aerosols on our tropospheric NO2 retrieval is investigated by comparing the concurrent retrievals based on ground-based aerosol measurements (explicit aerosol correction) and aerosol-induced cloud parameters (implicit aerosol correction). Compared to the implicit aerosol correction through the CRB cloud parameters, the use of CAL reduces the AMF errors by more than 10 %. Finally, to evaluate the improved GOME-2 tropospheric NO2 columns, a validation is performed using ground-based Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAXDOAS) measurements at the BIRA-IASB Xianghe station. The improved tropospheric NO2 dataset shows good agreement with coincident ground-based measurements with a correlation coefficient of 0.94 and a relative difference of −9.9 % on average.
Simulating Forest Fire Plume Dispersion, Chemistry, and Aerosol Formation Using SAM-ASP version 1.0
Authors: Lonsdale Chantelle R. , Alvarado Matthew J. , Hodshire Anna L. , Ramnarine Emily , Pierce Jeffrey R.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Biomass burning is a major source of trace gases and aerosols that can ultimately impact health, air quality, and climate. Global and regional-scale three-dimensional Eulerian chemical transport models (CTMs) use estimates of the primary emissions from fires and can unphysically mix them across large-scale grid boxes, leading to incorrect estimates of the impact of biomass burning events. On the other hand, plume-scale process models allow for explicit simulation and examination of the chemical and physical transformations of trace gases and aerosols within biomass burning smoke plumes, and they may be used to develop parameterizations of this aging process for coarser grid-scale models. Here we describe the coupled SAM-ASP plume-scale process model, which consists of coupling the large-eddy simulation model, the System for Atmospheric Modelling (SAM) version 1.0, with the detailed gas and aerosol chemistry model, the Aerosol Simulation Program (ASP). We find that the SAM-ASP version 1.0 model is able to correctly simulate the dilution of CO in a California chaparral smoke plume, as well as the chemical loss of NOx, HONO, and NH3 within the plume, the formation of PAN and O3, the loss of OA, and the change in the size distribution of aerosols as compared to measurements and previous single-box model results. The newly coupled model is able to capture the cross-plume vertical and horizontal concentration gradients as the fire plume evolves downwind of the emission source. The integration and evaluation of SAM-ASP presented here will support the development of parameterizations of near-source biomass burning chemistry that can be used to more accurately simulate biomass burning chemical and physical transformations of trace gases and aerosols within coarser grid-scale CTMs.
A daily/25 km short-latency rainfall product for data scarce regions based on the integration of the GPM IMERG Early Run with multiple satellite soil moisture products
Authors: Massari Christian , Brocca Luca , Pellarin Thierry , Abramowitz Gab , Filippucci Paolo , Ciabatta Luca , Maggioni Viviana , Kerr Yann , Fernandez Prieto Diego
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Rain gauges are unevenly spaced around the world with extremely low gauge density over developing countries. For instance, in some regions in Africa the gauge density is often less than one station per 10 000 km2. The availability of rainfall data provided by gauges is also not always guaranteed in near real time or with a timeliness suited for agricultural and water resource management applications as gauges are also subject to malfunctions and regulations imposed by national authorities. A potential alternative are satellite-based rainfall estimates, yet comparisons with in-situ data suggest they're often not optimal. In this study, we developed a short-latency (i.e., 2–3 days) rainfall product derived from the combination of the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM early run (IMERG-ER) with multiple satellite soil moisture-based rainfall products derived from ASCAT, SMOS and SMAP L3 satellite soil moisture (SM) retrievals. We tested the performance of this product over four regions characterized by high quality ground-based rainfall datasets (India, Conterminous United States, Australia and Europe) and over data scarce regions in Africa and South America by using Triple Collocation analysis (TC). We found the integration of satellite SM observations with in-situ rainfall observations is very beneficial with improvements of IMERG-ER up to 20 % and 40 % in terms of correlation and error, respectively, and a generalized enhancement in terms of categorical scores with the integrated product often outperforming reanalysis and ground-based long latency datasets. Given the importance of a reliable and readily available rainfall product for water resource management and agricultural applications over data scarce regions, the developed product can provide a valuable and unique source of rainfall information for these regions.
Potential application of hydrological ensemble prediction in forecasting floods and its components over the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, China
Authors: Liu Li , Xu Yue Ping , Pan Su Li , Bai Zhi Xu
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In recent year, floods becomes a serious issue in the Tibetan
Plateau (TP) due to climate change. Many studies have shown that ensemble
flood forecasting based on numerical weather predictions can provide an early
warning with extended lead time. However, the role of hydrological ensemble
prediction in forecasting flood volume and its components over the Yarlung
Zangbo River (YZR) basin, China, has not been investigated. This study adopts the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model to forecast the annual maximum floods and annual first floods in the YZR based on precipitation and the maximum and minimum temperature from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). N simulations are proposed to account for parameter uncertainty in VIC. Results show that when trade-offs between multiple objectives are significant, N simulations are recommended for better simulation and forecasting. This is why better results are obtained for the Nugesha and Yangcun stations. Our ensemble flood forecasting system can skillfully predict the maximum floods with a lead time of more than 10 d and can predict about 7 d ahead for meltwater-related components. The accuracy of forecasts for the first floods is inferior, with a lead time of only 5 d. The base-flow components for the first floods are insensitive to lead time, except at the Nuxia station, whilst for the maximum floods an obvious deterioration in performance with lead time can be recognized. The meltwater-induced surface runoff is the most poorly captured component by the forecast system, and the well-predicted rainfall-related components are the major contributor to good performance. The performance in 7 d accumulated flood volumes is better than the peak flows.
Estudo Quanti-Qualitativo do Fluxo de Regulação de Leitos Hospitalares no Paraná
Authors: Bugês Andrea Ferreira Caria , Probst Livia Fernandes , Cavalcante Denise de Fátima Barros , Bulgareli Jaqueline Vilela
Published: August 2019

Este estudo teve o objetivo de identificar possibilidades e limites na regulação das internações de média e alta complexidade na central de leitos da Macro Norte do Estado do Paraná. Na primeira etapa (quantitativa), foram obtidos dados relativos ao cadastro da central de regulação de leitos da Macro Norte. A segunda etapa (qualitativa) consistiu em entrevista junto aos gestores municipais e estaduais. 11% dos casos cadastrados não foram regulados e, em 35% dos casos cadastrados, o acesso não se deu por mecanismos rotineiros. O desempenho e a ocupação dos leitos em cada regional de saúde foi diferente, devido à infraestrutura assistencial deficitária, fragilidade das pactuações entre os gestores e prestadores, redes de atenção à saúde fragmentadas, atuação da regulação e interferências nas ações regulatórias. Conclui-se que a regulação da Macro Norte procura garantir o acesso do usuário na urgência, embora não apresente desempenho máximo por problemas organizacionais e estruturais.
O modelo descentralizado e participativo de gerência de unidades de saúde de média e alta complexidade implementado pelo Estado do Acre
Authors: Cavalcante Juliano Raimundo , Martins Cleide Lavieri , Brandt Marisol De Paula Reis
Published: August 2019

O Estado do Acre implementou um modelo de gerência de unidades de saúde tendo como eixo a descentralização, a autonomia e a participação da comunidade. Analisar o modelode gerência de unidades de saúde, vigente de 2007 a 2011, destaca-se como objetivo central. Trata-se de estudo de caso, de natureza qualitativa e descritiva.O modelo estabelece a gerência por intermédio de um conselho gestor, sendo este uma entidade privada, sem fins lucrativos,constituído por gestores, profissionais de saúde e usuários de saúde. Amolda-se na figura jurídica da paraestatal, apresentando inovações e controvérsias que, uma vez superadas, podem representar uma alternativa para gerência de unidades de saúde.
Investimentos públicos em saúde no município de Santa Rosa: um panorama das décadas de 1990 e 2000
Authors: Leusin Mattiazzi Ângela , Endruweit Battisti Iara Denise , Rotta Edemar , Ristow Letiane
Published: August 2019

A área da saúde tem assumido importância crescente nos espaços de definição das políticas públicas, de aplicação dos recursos disponíveis e da própria concepção de desenvolvimento que orienta as formações sociais no contexto da sociedade atual. Com isso, ela se converte em área na qual o planejamento, a aplicação eficiente dos recursos, a avaliação e a participação social emergem como grandes desafios aos gestores, em especial nos espaços municipais. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a aplicação do fundo público, disponível pelo município de Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), na área da saúde, comparando-os com os municípios de Ijuí, Cruz Alta e Santo Ângelo, identificando tendências e possíveis repercussões nas dinâmicas de desenvolvimento. Para a realização deste estudo foram utilizados dados secundários, retirados da prestação de contas do município junto ao Tribunal de Contas do Estado do RS, nos anos de 1991, 2000 e 2010. Como resultados, observou-se que o município de Santa Rosa apresenta uma tendência crescente de investimentos, mantendo-se em patamares que a diferenciam em mais de 25%, na relação com os demais, em todos os aspectos analisados. Estudos como o proposto podem contribuir para um aumento na efetividade dos gastos públicos em saúde e consequentemente na melhoria do desenvolvimento regional.
Lista de Verificação para Cirurgia Segura: Barreiras para sua Implementação em Um Serviço de Oftalmologia
Authors: Silva Antonio Sergio , Campos-Silva Willerson Lucas , Gouvêa Maria Aparecida , Torres Everton Luiz
Published: August 2019

A Organização Mundial da Saúde tem proposto metas internacionais de segurança do paciente com o objetivo de evitar danos ao consumidor e, portanto, reduzir as consequências negativas de uma assistência à saúde com qualidade insegura. A assistência cirúrgica é um dos componentes essenciais da assistência à saúde, cuja falha de segurança em seus processos pode levar a danos consideráveis e evitáveis ao consumidor. Considerando o contexto descrito, o objetivo desse estudo é identificar a proporção de itens não conformes em um checklist de cirurgia segura, em um determinado centro cirúrgico oftalmológico. Do ponto de vista da forma de abordagem do problema, este estudo se caracteriza como quali-quantitativo, ou de métodos mistos. Quanto aos fins, caracteriza-se como intervencionista e; quanto aos meios, utiliza da pesquisa-ação. Este estudo integrou o método de pesquisa ação participante às ferramentas da qualidade para identificar barreiras para implementação de uma lista de verificação de itens para uma cirurgia segura. Os resultados demonstraram que a proporção de itens não conformes caiu de 27,9% para 0,86 %. Isto representa uma melhoria de 308% em relação às não conformidades após a implementação das soluções identificadas na pesquisa. Isto alude à importância da pesquisa ação nas decisões sobre melhorias de processos administrativos.
The Kabbalistic Alphabet of Libeskind: The Motif of Letter-shaped Windows in the Design of the Jewish Museum in Berlin
Authors: Kamczycki Artur
Published: August 2019

The present article attempts to analyse and interpret the structure of windows in the Jewish Museum in Berlin, designed by Daniel Libeskind and constructed in 1989–1999. Elongated, narrow, irregular window openings arranged at different angles like a tangle of cuts and grooves span the entire structure and resemble Hebrew letters and the kabbalistic notion of the “scattered alphabet”, which functions in Jewish tradition as a visual metaphor. The assumption of such a perspective of interpretation, based on the visual form of the building which was, in its principle, meant to partially refer to the Holocaust, leads to the hypothesis that the chosen motifs of letter-shaped windows (the scattered alphabet) is connected to the kabbalistic postulate of the “repair of the world”, known in Jewish tradition as tikkun olam. The characteristic chaotic arrangement of the window openings is not, as it might be assumed, simply a symbol of the civilisational “fragmentation” resulting from the Holocaust. On the contrary, the design manifestly embodies the nostalgia for the mythical (and messianic) times of harmony, order and regularity, as well as the longing for clear structure and symbiosis. This manifests in the kabbalistic interpretation of the motif of letter-windows understood as a mystical (or even theurgical) element of restoration. Concentration, contemplation, perception and consideration of the forms and shapes of the letters is a notion known from the Kabbalah; in this case architectural references to Jewish mysticism are more than just a strategy for interpretation, but a declarative assumption made by the architect himself. Libeskind’s design in Berlin, therefore, involves the matter of language as the elementary material and instrument of salvation, while the context of the Kabbalah ought to be regarded as a certain symptom or a specific modality shaping new meanings manifested by the work of art that this museum undoubtedly is.
A Church for the Polish People: On the Contest for the Parochial Church in the Warsaw District of Praga
Authors: Nowicki Jan
Published: August 2019

The present article discusses the architectural contest for the design of the Praga parish church in Warsaw, announced in 1886. The author aims to establish whether this event had any significant impact on the development of Polish architecture and its theoretical principles. He reviews the reasons for its importance and attempts to establish whether it constitutes suitable material for more thorough studies, the results of which would merit a prominent place in the historiography of 19th century architecture in Poland. The critical interpretation presented in this article is based primarily on texts published in Przegląd Techniczny, which discuss the successive stages of the contest, as well as selected press articles and essays written in direct connection to this enterprise. The author analyses texts by Karol Matuszewski, Franciszek Ksawery Martynowski, Władysław Łuszczkiewicz and Józef Pius Dziekoński, which are crucial for understanding the complex nature of the issue of the contest. The analysis leads to the conclusion that it was not the ultimate form of the church, but rather the combination of emotions, hopes, interests and controversies provoked by the announcement of the contest and the phrasing of its requirements that determined the crucial role of this event in the history of Polish architecture in the latter part of the 19th century.
Rubble Warsaw, 1945–1946: Urban Landscaping and Architectural Remains
Authors: Przywara Adam
Published: August 2019

This paper is a contribution to the contemporary discussions around architectural materialities and the history of the immediate post-war period in the urban areas of Europe. The opening paragraphs include references to the artistic action The Cut which took place in 2015, exposed the anthropogenic strata in Warsaw’s landscape and acknowledged the continuous material existence of the city’s history within its soil. Focusing on rubble, debris and post-war architectural waste, the author presents the theoretical approach by referring to a broad shift in the humanities towards approaches oriented towards objects and particular materialities. The subsequent historical narrative centres on the problems of rubble clearing and utilisation in the early reconstruction period of Warsaw. It shows the views and operations aimed at the removal of the mass of rubble proposed by the architects from the Bureau for the Capital City Reconstruction (BOS) and the inhabitants returning to the ruined city in 1945. Mobilising both narratives, the paper presents problems and discussions related to rubble utilisation and removal. Referring to Maciej Nowicki’s unrealised design for Warsaw’s city centre and contrasting it with the oral testimonies of the city’s inhabitants, the article reveals the struggles and discussions that raged during that early stage of city reconstruction. Finally, through the use of various sources from geological mapping to archival materials, the paper aims to locate, describe and document the rubble landscapes located around the city of Warsaw. In the conclusion the author points out how the subject could be expanded and how rubble relates to contemporary discourses in the humanities.
Modernity and Compromise: The Church of St. Michael the Archangel in Warsaw and its Designer Władysław Pieńkowski
Authors: Głowacki Wojciech M.
Published: August 2019

Despite the considerable influence he exerted on post-war church architecture in Poland, the designer Władysław Pieńkowski (1907–1991) is today an altogether forgotten figure. The current paper outlines his biography and his early oeuvre; this is because his experience in designing office blocks and industrial plants gained while working under the supervision of the most outstanding Polish architects of the mid-20th century, was to be of key importance to his later, independent designs for ecclesiastical buildings. The paper focuses on a particularly important work, one which in many ways constitutes a breakthrough in the architect’s career, namely the church of St. Michael the Archangel in the Mokotów district of Warsaw. This was the first entirely new church to be erected in the capital of Poland after the year 1945. Its construction depended on the dynamic changes in the balance of political forces. The church could be built owing to the support of the PAX Association circle, including the direct involvement of Bolesław Piasecki. In spite of their patronage, however, construction works were repeatedly halted and extended over several years, and the architectural design had to be reworked. The paper contains an analysis of three fundamental designs for the church, now held in the St. Michael the Archangel parish archive and in the architect’s records preserved by his heirs. The first design dates from the period of 1948/9–1951, the subsequent one from the year 1954, and the final one from 1956–1961. The evolution of the design moved from the initial continuation of forms typical of the pre-war Modernised Revivalism, through a peculiar reference to Socialist Realism, to rigorous Modernism. The church of St. Michael the Archangel became Pieńkowski’s testing ground; there, he tried out several solutions which he would consistently utilise in the subsequent years of his career, e.g. the large-scale application of prefabricated elements in both the construction and the decoration of the edifice. The construction of this church was concurrent with important events of a political (the Thaw) and religious nature (the Second Vatican Council). Tracing the history of the design for the Warsaw church and clarifying its connections with contemporaneous church architecture in Poland and in Western Europe made it possible to present the key problems faced by the Polish designers of ecclesiastical architecture in the first decades of the People’s Republic of Poland.
Der "margin of appreciation" beim Europäischen Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte
Authors: Gorzoni Paula
Published: August 2019

The application of the margin of appreciation is indispensable in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights as the European Convention on Human Rights does not envisage the development of a single understanding of human rights for all states. However, it has to be taken into account that the states’ margin of discretion in this respect cannot be unlimited. The challenge is to find the necessary balance between the sovereignty of the national authorities and a coherent form of international human rights protection.
This study analyses this challenge using the theory of principles. It raises the question of how an international balance, including the sovereignty or the competence of the national authorities as a formal principle, can be established. In the course of reconstructing the margin of appreciation by applying different models of formal principles in an empirical case study, the author develops an answer to this question.
Formação política via autoeducação no movimento hiphop: experiências de rappers ativistas no Brasil
Authors: Loureiro Bráulio Roberto de Castro
Published: August 2019

Este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa sobre a formação política de rappers ativistas no Brasil. Rappers são compositores e cantores do gênero musical rap, um dos quatro elementos do hip-hop, movimento artístico-cultural surgido no gueto novaiorquino na década de 1970. Não raramente esses artistas extrapolam as fronteiras da música e se dedicam a atividades assistenciais, culturais e políticas direcionadas às populações de seus bairros e da periferia urbana de modo geral. Considerando que esses sujeitos, em geral, vivem em precárias condições socioeconômicas, têm conturbadas histórias de vida e contam com níveis de escolaridade baixos e medianos, cabe investigar o modo pelo qual se formam politicamente. Sustenta-se, aqui, a existência de uma dinâmica autoeducativa no âmbito do movimento hip-hop. Processo que contribuiria decisivamente para a educação política de rappers, uma vez que estes localizam a) na audição da música rap, b) na composição do seu próprio rap e c) nas vivências no interior do movimento hip-hop momentos-chave da constituição de sua visão de mundo. Produções musicais e atividades político-culturais promoveriam, assim, momentos significativos de reflexão sobre a condição social de negros e pobres no Brasil. Mediante pesquisa etnográfica, foram reunidos materiais oriundos de entrevistas individuais, diálogos informais, letras musicais e observação de atividades e situações que tiveram a participação de rappers ativistas da cidade de Marília-SP. Letras musicais e entrevistas registradas em sites, revistas e documentários também compuseram um conjunto de informações sobre o ativismo e a formação política de rappers de outras cidades e regiões brasileiras.
The perceived impact of the 2016 election: A mediation model predicting health outcomes
Authors: Koerten Hannah Rose , Bogusch Leah Michelle , Varga Aniko Viktoria , O’Brien William H.
Published: August 2019

The present study examined the relationship between the self-reported personal impact of the election of President Donald J. Trump, as measured by the Personal Impact of the Election Scale (PIES), and physical and mental health. A sample of 299 MTurk Amazon workers completed an online survey, including measures of the perceived personal impact of the 2016 presidential election, thought suppression, and mental and physical health. A mediation model was tested, with thought suppression included as a mediator of the relationship between the PIES and physical and mental health. Results indicated that thought suppression partially mediated the relationship between the PIES and physical and mental health. Specifically, the perceived impact of the election was positively associated with thought suppression (β = .51, SE = .01, p < .001), which was in turn negatively associated with physical health (β = -.25, SE = .44, p < .001) and mental health (β = -.50, SE = .47, p < .001). The results of this study suggest that perceptions of this sociopolitical event were related to the health of United States citizens and show a need for large-scale interventions to address this relationship, especially for those who feel threatened based on their ethnic or religious background.