bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An eye opener: improving attendance rates of retinopathy screening within the paediatric diabetes clinic
Authors: Wolverson Marianne , O'Hare Paul , Patel Vinod
Published: February 2023

Aims: To audit eye screening attendance rates in children pre and post implementation of a screening service offered on the same day as their diabetes clinic appointment and to identify characteristics of non‐attenders.

Methods: Data were extracted from the diabetic eye screening software ‘OptoMize’ between 1 April 2018 and 31 March 2019 (pre intervention) and between 1 April 2019 and 31 March 2020 (post intervention). Attendance rates of 72 eligible participants were gained and their diabetes characteristics (age, duration of diabetes and HbA1c) were examined pre and post intervention with application of the Mood's median test in order to determine statistical significance.

Results: Same day screening with routine diabetes appointments improved the eye screening attendance rate by 22%. Those with a higher HbA1c were significantly less likely to attend (p<0.05) pre intervention, while post intervention, the median HbA1c of those who did not attend was lower than those who did. There was no significant difference between the age of participants for those who attended and those who did not pre and post intervention (p=0.705/0.235). Those who did not attend despite the intervention had a longer duration of diabetes than those who did, yet significance was not gained.

Conclusion: This study has addressed a gap within existing knowledge and provided quantitative analysis within the field of paediatric diabetic eye screening. Findings have identified the positive impact of a ‘same day screening service’ integrated with routine diabetes care on attendance, and have also identified a clear improvement in attendance rates of those with the higher risk factors of developing sight‐threatening retinopathy. Copyright © 2023 John Wiley & Sons.
Diabetes Care for You: leadership, followership, partnership
Authors: Lipscomb David , Rezazadeh Eleanor , Rowney Jane
Published: February 2023

The 2022 Mary MacKinnon lecture reminds us of some of the history of the development of out of hospital specialist diabetes services in the United Kingdom. There have been multiple clarion calls across the years to collaborate, share information and values and break down traditional boundaries in the pursuit of improved patient care and outcomes. Along with this, we note the roles of clinical and managerial leadership, followership and partnership in working together with people living with diabetes to co‐produce a model of diabetes care and then to ensure through good stewardship of shared resources that the expectations of that change are delivered for our population. We go on to discuss how the Diabetes Care for You team has continued to innovate and provide care during the pandemic and conclude with a vision of the future and a challenge for decision makers to put the needs of the population at the forefront of future planning. Copyright © 2023 John Wiley & Sons.
Oral stepdown in Gram‐positive bloodstream infections: A step in the right direction
Authors: Caniff Kaylee E. , Rebold Nicholas , Rybak Michael J.
Published: February 2023

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to Gram‐positive organisms have traditionally been treated with prolonged courses of intravenous antimicrobials. However, this dogma is associated with substantial burden to the patient and health care system. Consequently, there is growing interest in the utilization of oral stepdown therapy, defined as the transition of intravenous therapy to an active oral agent, for this indication. This review highlights available literature examining oral stepdown in adult patients with BSI due to commonly encountered Gram‐positive pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., and Enterococcus spp. Support for oral stepdown in this setting is primarily derived from observational studies subject to selection bias. Nevertheless, this treatment strategy exhibits promising potential in carefully selected patients as it is consistently associated with reductions in hospital length of stay without jeopardizing clinical cure or survivability. Prospective, randomized trials are needed for validation of oral stepdown in Gram‐positive BSI and to identify the optimal patient population and regimen.
A mind‐body medicine curriculum for student peer counselors following a school shooting: A qualitative study
Authors: Staples Julie K. , Zapata Stephanie , Fredrickson Monica , Quinn Hannah E. , Cyr Lynda Richtsmeier , Gavian Margaret E. , Rountree Laura D. , Gordon James S.
Published: February 2023

This qualitative study investigated high school student peer counselors' experience of a mind‐body medicine curriculum incorporated into a peer counseling program following a school shooting. A series of focus groups were held with peer counselors in 10th–12th grade (n = 24, mean age = 16.5 [SD = 1.0]; 71% female) participating in the mind‐body medicine curriculum. Data analysis was conducted using a thematic analysis. Peer counselors reported that the mind‐body medicine curriculum decreased their stress and helped them regulate their emotions. Other interview themes included feeling closer to other students, improved relationships with their parents, increased resilience and self‐confidence, working harder for their goals, not stressing over small things, and choosing supportive friends. The themes related to their peer counseling work were that the mind‐body skills would help them be less reactive and more patient with other students and that the skills would also be helpful for these other students. This study has important implications for practitioners in the schools because the mind‐body medicine curriculum can effectively complement the communication, problem‐solving, and decision‐making skills taught in peer counseling programs.
Overview of radiotherapy‐induced chronic pain in childhood cancer survivors: A narrative review
Authors: Chua Gail Wan Ying , Vig Prachi Simran
Published: February 2023

Radiotherapy is an important aspect of oncological treatment in several childhood cancers. However, radiotherapy is known to have numerous side effects, including detrimental effects on growth, neurocognitive impairment, and the development of secondary malignancies. One less studied long‐term side effect of pediatric radiotherapy treatment is chronic pain. While the short‐term toxicities of radiotherapy resolve over a few weeks to months, the chronic pain caused by radiotherapy‐induced tissue damage can significantly affect children's quality of life. As long‐term childhood cancer survivors age into adulthood, they are typically followed up by a wide variety of doctors, not all of whom may be familiar with radiotherapy‐induced chronic pain and its management. The aim of this review is to discuss the various common manifestations of radiotherapy‐related pain in children, as well as ways to identify and manage these. Common radiotherapy‐related side effects leading to chronic pain symptoms include radiation fibrosis, enteritis, dermatitis, lymphedema, neuropathic pain, and effects on bone development. The pathophysiology, evaluation and management of these are briefly summarized in this review. This is followed by an overview of radiotherapy techniques that allow greater sparing of normal tissue, minimizing future painful side effects. Finally, the assessment of pain in children is described, as well as strategies for management, and red flag symptoms that should prompt urgent specialist referral. In conclusion, a good understanding of the long‐term side effects of radiotherapy treatment in children is essential for the various medical professionals that follow‐up the child in the years after treatment. For young children, the evaluation of pain is in itself a challenge, and effects on growth, development, and learning are crucial. For older children, social and psychological factors become increasingly important. As radiation therapy techniques continue to advance, the spectrum and incidence of chronic pain syndromes may change over time.
High‐order sliding‐mode functional observers for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) linear time‐invariant systems with unknown inputs
Authors: Moreno Jaime A.
Published: February 2023

For arbitrary multiple‐input multiple‐output linear time invariant systems with unknown inputs this article provides sufficient conditions to estimate linear functionals of the state variables. When the unknown input is uniformly bounded these conditions are strictly weaker than the classical conditions for functional unknown input observers, well‐known in the literature, and generalize previous results using discontinuous differentiators. Furthermore, a general methodology is proposed to design functional observers, that are able to estimate the functionals, when possible, exactly and in finite‐time or fixed‐time. Instead of using a cascade of Luenberger observers and high‐order sliding‐mode differentiators, standard in the literature for this problem, a bi‐homogeneous observer of reduced order is proposed in the article. Proofs of the convergence are provided using smooth Lyapunov functions and an academic example illustrates the behavior of the proposed observer for a system not tractable with the available methods.
Why wood should move in rivers
Authors: Wohl Ellen , Uno Hiromi , Dunn Sarah B. , Kemper John T. , Marshall Anna , Means‐Brous Mickey , Scamardo Julianne E. , Triantafillou Shayla P.
Published: February 2023

Large wood is inherently mobile in naturally functioning river corridors, yet river management commonly introduces wood that is anchored to limit hazards. Wood that is periodically mobilized is important for: replacing stationary large wood that performs diverse physical and ecological functions; contributing to the disturbance regime of the river corridor; diversifying wood decay states; dispersing organisms and propagules; providing refugia during floodplain inundation and in mobile‐bed channels; dissipating flow energy; and supplying wood to downstream environments including lakes, coastlines, the open ocean, and the deep sea. We briefly review what is known about large wood mobility in river corridors and suggest priorities for ongoing research and river management, including: structural designs that can pass mobile wood; enhancing piece diversity of introduced wood that is anchored in place; quantifying wood mobilization and transport characteristics in natural and managed river corridors; and enhancing documentation of the benefits of wood mobility.
Surface chemical analysis of spatter particles generated in laser powder bed fusion of Hastelloy X in process atmospheres with high and low oxygen content
Authors: Schwerz Claudia , Cao Yu , Nyborg Lars
Published: February 2023

Additive manufacturing, particularly laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), has received much attention in recent years because of its multiple benefits over traditional manufacturing. One of the key factors affecting the repeatability and performance of the materials is the existence of defects. Defects can be driven by process by‐products called spatters, which consist of particles covered by an oxide layer formed during their travel time in the process atmosphere. As a standard process atmosphere consists of argon containing a residual oxygen level of around 0.1%, one possible way of addressing spatter‐driven defect formation is by reducing the oxygen level, thereby reducing the oxidation of the spatter particles. In this study, Hastelloy X powder was processed by means of LPBF in an argon atmosphere containing 1000‐ppm O2 or 50‐ppm O2. Spatter particles were collected in a controlled manner, allowing sampling particles of different sizes, which were analyzed in terms of their surface chemical composition by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). By combining these two tools, a comprehensive assessment of the surface chemical composition was conducted, taking advantage of XPS for the evaluation of the overall surface chemistry and of Auger nanoprobe analysis for high lateral analytical resolution combined with depth profiling. It is shown that tighter oxygen control will both limit the overall oxidation and affect the surface chemical composition. At regular O2 level in the process atmosphere (1000 ppm), spatter particles are covered by a 70‐nm‐thick oxide layer, on average. The thickness is substantially greater than that measured in spatter particles collected from the process atmosphere containing 50‐ppm oxygen, which averages 6 nm and is comparable with that of the virgin powder, thus revealing a potential for defect mitigation through control of the process atmosphere. Nonetheless, substantial differences in the surface chemical composition were identified between spatters and virgin powder, notably with the appearance of Al‐ and Ti‐oxides on spatter particles, revealing the influence of the manufacturing process on surface characteristics.
Novel Synergistic Catalysis by Ethylcarbodiimide Hydrochloride Salt and CuI Towards Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Reaction
Authors: Shukla Prashant , Asati Ambika , Patel Devkumari , Singh Manorama , Rai Vijai K. , Rai Ankita
Published: February 2023

Morita Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) reaction of various aldehydes, bearing electron‐releasing as well as electron‐withdrawing groups with acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate as electron‐deficient alkene is reported herein. The cornerstone of the reaction is the utilization of EDC.HCl (a salt) as a novel catalyst, salt gets converted into neutral tertiary amine in the presence of CuI for the synthesis of MBH adduct. Excellent product yield (up to 99 %), ambient reaction conditions, shorter reaction time, and no side product formation are the salient features of the envisaged synthetic protocol.
Bismuth Manganese Catalysts for Soot Oxidation in Diesel Engine Exhaust: Effect of Preparation Methods on Active Oxygen Species
Authors: Li Congcong , Wang Jie , Dai Wenyue , Zhang Changsen
Published: February 2023

To manufacture efficient and cost‐effective catalysts for soot combustion, a series of MnxBiOy catalysts with different molar ratios of manganese bismuth (x=1,3,6,9) were prepared by hydrolysis driven redox, coprecipitation and hydrothermal synthesis methods (named R−MnxBiOy, Cop−MnxBiOy and H−MnxBiOy, respectively). The physicochemical properties of the as‐prepared catalysts were characterized via powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), temperature‐programmed reduction by hydrogen (H2−TPR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and so on. The catalytic performance results show that R−Mn3BiOy catalyst obtained by hydrolysis‐driven redox method exhibited highest catalytic activity with a maximum concentration of CO2 at 390 °C (T10=330 °C, T50=385 °C, and T90=425 °C). Meanwhile, the reaction mechanism of R−Mn3BiOy catalysts was also proposed based on the characterization results. The reason for high catalytic is related to the uniform distribution of Bi on the surface of Mn, which forms more lattice defects, thereby generating a large number of oxygen vacancies and providing more active sites for catalytic reactions. This provides a reference for the design of efficient and stable soot catalysts.
Controlled Release of Gentamicin from Electrospun Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Gelatin Nanofibers: The Effect of Crosslinking Time Using Glutaraldehyde Vapor
Authors: Baykara Dilruba , Pilavci Esra , Cesur Sumeyye , Ilhan Elif , Ulag Songul , Sengor Mustafa , Kijeńska‐Gawrońska Ewa , Gunduz Oguzhan
Published: February 2023

In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gelatin (GEL) and gentamicin (GEN) were used and 13PVA/0.5GEL/GEN nanofibers were fabricated with the electrospinning method. These nanofibers were crosslinked chemically with glutaraldehyde (GA) at different time intervals (2, 3, 4, 5, 5.5 and 6 h) to observe the crosslinking effect on the properties of the nanofibers. Morphological analysis reported that as the crosslinking time increased, the nanofiber diameters also increased from 369.26 nm (non‐crosslinked) to 447.72 nm (6 h/crosslinking), respectively. The thermal characterization results demonstrated that crosslinking with different times noticeably shifted the thermal points.The tensile testing results proved that application of crosslinking enhanced the mechanical strength of the nanofibers from 3.31 MPa (non‐crosslinked) to 5.8 MPa (5.5 h/crosslinking), respectively. The GEN release profiles from the nanofibers showed similar behaviors under crosslinking and indicated that the crosslinking time did not have a significant effect on the amount of the GEN released.
New Phenanthrenyl‐Substituted Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Polysiloxanes for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Legrand Sacha , Kabir Rakib , Kärkkäinen Ari
Published: February 2023

The current need for polysiloxanes with high refractive index (RI) is very high because of their importance for optoelectronic applications. To meet this demand, a series of novel polysiloxanes derived from phenanthrenyl‐containing monomers, including the precursor 1‐(9‐phenanthrenyl)‐1,1,4,4,4‐pentamethoxy‐1,4‐disilabutane, are prepared using the sol‐gel technology and free‐radical polymerization. The monomer 1‐(9‐phenanthrenyl)‐1,1,4,4,4‐pentamethoxy‐1,4‐disilabutane is synthezised, purified and fully characterized including 2D‐NMR experiments for the partial assignment of both its1H and13C NMR spectra. The molecular weights of the new three‐dimentional polysiloxanes with variations in their initial molecular compositions are analyzed using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The polysiloxanes are characterized by1H NMR spectroscopy, and obtained with high RI, thermal stabilities up to 420 °C, and excellent resistance against aging process. The polysiloxanes are coated on silicon‐wafers and gorilla glass substrates using respectively the spin‐ and bar‐coating techniques. The coated glasses show optical transmittance above 91 % with excellent hydrophobic character, refractive indexes up to 1.51, and their CIELAB coordinates are also determined. The effects of the crosslinking agent and packing density of the chains on the chemical, optical and mechanical properties of the polysiloxanes and corresponding films are studied.
Constructing Acrylate Copolymer Microspheres with Anisotropic Wrinkled Surface for Conjugating Antibacterial AgNPs
Authors: Bai Xue , Zhang Duoxin , Wang Zeyuan , Wang Fawei , Zhang Yaping , He Yufeng , Wang Rongmin
Published: February 2023

Recently, anisotropic particles have attracted attention because their unique topology, functions and wide applications. Here, a new type of acrylate copolymer microspheres (AcPMs) with anisotropic wrinkled surface was synthesized with conventional monomers through two‐step self‐assembly in one‐pot with regulating reaction media. First, butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) were copolymerized in EtOH/H2O solvent. Second, styrene (St) and BA were further copolymerized with increasing H2O proportion in solution, which enable AcPMs with emulsifiability. Its structure and morphology were characterized by FT‐IR, SEM, XRD and DLS. The surface‐wrinkled and anisotropic AcPMs was used as carrier to conjugate with AgNPs by in‐situ reduction of silver ions (Ag+), which afforded the AcPMs conjugating AgNPs (AgNPs@AcPMs), and it presented an excellent antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Hence, AcPMs revealed strong potential in the biomedical fields.
Construction of Amino‐Functionalized Molecularly Imprinted Silica Particles for (±)‐Ofloxacin Chiral Separation
Authors: Alatawi Raedah A. S.
Published: February 2023

To enantioselectively separate a (±)‐ofloxacin (OFX) racemic mixture, we describe the production and successful use of an S‐ofloxacin (S‐OFX) enantio‐selective sorbent with amino functional groups. An amide derivative was first synthesized by reacting the S‐OFX enantiomer with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (S‐OFX‐Si‐NH2). The generated S‐OFX‐Si‐NH2 derivative was then mixed with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and put through a base‐catalyzed sol‐gel condensation polymerization process to insert the S‐OFX enantiomeric species into the cross‐linked material. To facilitate recombination involving S‐OFX, an enantioselective gap is created by alkaline hydrolysis followed by acidification, freeing the S‐OFX from the crosslinked matrix and filling the resulting gaps with cationic ions compatible with the S‐OFX. Our chemical transformations of the monomeric precursor and the ensuing S‐OFX molecularly imprinted material (S‐OFX‐Sil) were confirmed by elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, scanning electron microscopy images of the sorbent surface were employed to comprehend the morphological adjustments. Both the first loading run (60 % ee of R‐OFX) and the second elution run (83 % ee of S‐OFX) using the manufactured adsorbent particles showed promising separation results.
Detection of Allura Red in Food Samples Using Carbon Paste Modified with Lanthanum and Titanium Oxides
Authors: Vargas‐Varela Anthony , Cardenas‐Riojas Andy A. , Nagles Edgar , Hurtado John
Published: February 2023

This report describes a new electroanalytical application for the detection of Allura Red (AR) using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with lanthanide oxide and titanium oxide (LaOX‐TiOX/CPE). The standard potential (Eo) for oxidation of AR was obtained from the E (V) vs. pH relation with the regression equation Ep(V)=−0.038pH+0.922, where the intercept on the axis Ep(V) is equal to the standard potential. Moreover, the anodic peak current for AR was increased almost 160 % compared to the unmodified electrodes, and this current increase allowed us to obtain a detection limit of 0.09 μmol/L. The active surface area of the modified electrode La‐TiOX/CPE is reported for the first time in this report and was increased by almost 200 % compared to the unmodified electrodes. The usefulness of the new method was tested by analyzing real food samples with acceptable results. The real samples do not need pretreatment before analysis
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Annulations of 6‐Arylimidazothiazoles with Alkynes through Rollover Dual C−H Bond Activation Strategy
Authors: Gurumurthy Palanivelu , Thavaselvan Sampath , Raja Rajini , Parthasarathy Kanniyappan
Published: February 2023

We developed an efficient method for the

synthesis of 5,6‐diarylnaphthoimidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles from

6‐arylimidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles with alkynes through rollover C−H activation strategy by using Rh(III)‐catalyst. Alternatively, the imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole fused isoquinolinium tetrafluoroborate salts also have been achieved by tuning the reaction conditions with good yields.
Managing exploration in organizations: The effect of superior monitoring on subordinate search behavior
Authors: Richter Valentina , Janjic Robert , Klapper Helge , Keck Steffen , Reitzig Markus
Published: February 2023

Research Summary

In this article, we explore the effects of managerial monitoring on the behavior of subordinates tasked with the search for alternatives in a complex environment. We argue that managerial monitoring will lead subordinates to exhibit more search than they would engage in otherwise as they try to impress their superiors by exerting more effort. We test and confirm our hypothesis in four laboratory studies with a total of 444 participants. Our findings show that search distance and duration are highly susceptible to managerial monitoring, whereas similar interventions from peers and subordinates are ineffective.

Managerial Summary

A key task for employees is to find new solutions to corporate problems when and where they occur. But what determines how long these individuals search and how far they venture before settling on one solution eventually? And how can and should managers steer this process, particularly if they are as unknowing about potential solutions as their subordinates? Here, we show that leaders can bring their staff to explore complex solution spaces longer and more remotely by regularly appraising their subordinates' efforts. This is because employees will feel an enhanced need to demonstrate their industriousness to their bosses, and long and distant search is easily justified. Whether this increases corporate performance depends on the complexity of the solution space and the opportunity costs of search.
Scalable Production of Biomedical Microparticles via High‐Throughput Microfluidic Step Emulsification
Authors: Zheng Yazhi , Chen Hanxu , Lin Xiang , Li Minli , Zhao Yuanjin , Shang Luoran
Published: February 2023

Drug microcarriers are widely used in disease treatment, and microfluidics is well established in the preparation of microcarrier particles. A proper design of the microfluidic platform toward scalable production of drug microcarriers can extend its application values in wound healing, where large numbers of microcarriers are required. Here, a microfluidic step emulsification method for the preparation of monodisperse droplets is presented. The droplet size depends primarily on the microchannel depth rather than flow rate, making the system robust for high‐throughput production of droplets and hydrogel microparticles. Based on this platform, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is uniformly encapsulated in the microparticles, and black phosphorus (BP) is incorporated for controllable release via near‐infrared (NIR) stimulation. The microparticles serve as drug carriers to be applied to the wound site, inducing angiogenesis and collagen deposition, thereby accelerating wound repair. These results indicate that the step emulsification technique provides a promising solution to scalable production of drug microcarriers for wound healing as well as tissue regeneration.
Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane‐Based Nanoparticles for Efficient Chemotherapy of Glioblastoma
Authors: Zhong Xiangyang , Wei Gang , Liu Boyang , Wang Chenyang , Wang Juan , Lu Yong , Cui Wenguo , Guo Hongbo
Published: February 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common lethal brain tumor with dismal treatment outcomes and poor response to chemotherapy. As the regulatory center of cytogenetics and metabolism, most tumor chemotherapeutic molecules exert therapeutic effects in the nucleus. Nanodrugs showing the nuclear aggregation effect are expected to eliminate and fundamentally suppress tumor cells. In this study, a nanodrug delivery system based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is introduced to deliver drugs into the nuclei of GBM cells, effectively enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy. The nanoparticles are modified with folic acid and iRGD peptides molecules to improve their tumor cell targeting and uptake via receptor‐mediated endocytosis. Nuclear aggregation allows for the direct delivery of chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide (TMZ) to the tumor cell nuclei, resulting in more significant DNA damage and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Herein, TMZ‐loaded POSS nanoparticles can significantly improve the survival of GBM‐bearing mice. Therefore, the modified POSS nanoparticles may serve as a promising drug‐loaded delivery platform to improve chemotherapy outcomes in GBM patients.
Localizing Oxygen Lattice Evolutions Eliminates Oxygen Release and Voltage Decay in All‐Mn‐Based Li‐Rich Cathodes
Authors: Wu Kang , Zhao Enyue , Ran Peilin , Yin Wen , Zhang Zhigang , Wang Bao‐Tian , Ikeda Kazutaka , Otomo Toshiya , Xiao Xiaoling , Wang Fangwei , Zhao Jinkui
Published: February 2023

All‐Mn‐based Li‐rich cathodes Li2MnO3 have attracted extensive attention because of their cost advantage and ultrahigh theoretical capacity. However, the unstable anionic redox reaction (ARR), which involves irreversible oxygen releases, causes declines in cycling capacity and intercalation potential, thus hindering their practical applications. Here, it is proposed that introducing stacking‐fault defects into the Li2MnO3 can localize oxygen lattice evolutions and stabilize the ARR, eliminating oxygen releases. The thus‐made cathode has a highly reversible capacity (320 mA h g−1) and achieves excellent cycling stability. After 100 cycles, the capacity retention rate is 86% and the voltage decay is practically eliminated at 0.19 mV per cycle. Attributing to the stable ARR, samples show reduced stress–strain and phase transitions. Neutron pair distribution function (nPDF) measurements indicate that there is a structure response of localized oxygen lattice distortion to the ARR and the average oxygen lattice framework is well‐preserved which is a prerequisite for the high cycle reversibility.
Dangling Bond Defects on Si Surfaces and Their Consequences on Energy Band Diagrams: From a Photoelectrochemical Perspective
Authors: Moritz Dominik C. , Calvet Wolfram , Zare Pour Mohammad Amin , Paszuk Agnieszka , Mayer Thomas , Hannappel Thomas , Hofmann Jan P. , Jaegermann Wolfram
Published: February 2023

Using silicon in multijunction photocells leads to promising device structures for direct photoelectrochemical water splitting. In this regard, photoelectron spectra of silicon surfaces are used to investigate the energetic condition of contact formation. It is shown that the Fermi‐level position at the surface differs from the values expected from their bulk doping concentrations, indicating significant surface band bending which may limit the overall device efficiency. In this study, the influence of different surface preparation procedures for p‐ and n‐doped Si wafers on surface band bending is investigated. With the help of photoemission and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, Si dangling bonds are identified as dominating defect centers at Si surfaces. These defects lead to an occupied defect band in the lower half and an unoccupied defect band in the upper half of the Si bandgap. However, partial oxidation of the defect centers causes a shift of defect bands, with only donor states remaining in the Si bandgap. Source‐induced photovoltages at cryogenic temperatures indicate that partial surface oxidation also decreases the recombination activity of these defect centers. It is shown that defect distribution, defect concentration, and source‐induced photovoltages need to be considered when analyzing Fermi‐level pinning at Si surfaces.
Special invited paper: The SCORE normalization, especially for heterogeneous network and text data
Authors: Ke Zheng Tracy , Jin Jiashun
Published: February 2023

SCORE was introduced as a spectral approach to network community detection. Since many networks have severe degree heterogeneity, the ordinary spectral clustering (OSC) approach to community detection may perform unsatisfactorily. SCORE alleviates the effect of degree heterogeneity by introducing a new normalization idea in the spectral domain and makes OSC more effective. SCORE is easy to use and computationally fast. It adapts easily to new directions and sees an increasing interest in practice. In this paper, we review the basics of SCORE, the adaption of SCORE to network mixed membership estimation and topic modeling, and the application of SCORE in real data, including two datasets on the publications of statisticians. We also review the theoretical “ideology” underlying SCORE. We show that in the spectral domain, SCORE converts a simplicial cone to a simplex and provides a simple and direct link between the simplex and network memberships. SCORE attains an exponential rate and a sharp phase transition in community detection, and achieves optimal rates in mixed membership estimation and topic modeling.
Genomic evaluation of native Walleye in the Appalachian region and the effects of stocking
Authors: Johnson Andrew , Zipfel Katherine , Hallerman Eric , Massure Wade , Euclide Peter , Welsh Amy
Published: February 2023

Objective

Create a quicker and more accurate genetic assignment tool for Walleye Sander vitreus broodstock in the Eastern Highlands region and to quantify genetic diversity of four Walleye populations using next-generation sequencing.

Methods

To determine the impacts of stocking nonnative Great Lakes strain Walleye on local populations, three Appalachian populations were sampled: two native populations (Rockcastle River, Kentucky, and New River, Virginia) and one population founded from the Great Lakes strain (Tygart Lake, West Virginia). Walleye from Lake Erie were used as a reference for the Great Lakes strain. Utilization of a genotype-by-sequencing approach supported genome-wide estimates of genetic diversity, population structure, and creation of two single-nucleotide polymorphism assays that can be used to rapidly identify Great Lakes-strain, native Eastern Highland-strain, and F1 hybrid Walleye.

Result

Results indicate that the four populations we evaluated were genetically distinct from one another and that each population contains varying degrees of genetic differentiation relative to its source population. The stocked Tygart Lake population displayed lower genetic diversity in metrics such as nucleotide diversity (0.172 vs. 0.184), private alleles (4057 vs. 7623), and observed heterozygosity (0.163 vs. 0.204), likely indicative of genetic drift stemming from a founder effect. The two native populations displayed varying levels of genetic diversity. The New River population was found to have a higher ancestry of the Great Lakes strain in their genome than the Rockcastle River population, reflecting the known admixture of New River Walleye following historic stocking of Great Lakes-derived Walleye. Our results also identified a pure native Eastern Highlands strain population that can be used for future augmentation and restoration of Eastern Highlands Walleye.

Conclusion

Our results provide a diagnostic single-nucleotide polymorphism assay to quickly identify Great Lake strain, Eastern Highland strain, and their F1 hybrid for future management efforts and provide key population genetic insights to managers to enhance best management practices.
Building a Sustainable Photovoltaic Innovation System in Indonesia Through Network Governance Perspective
Authors: Asmara Anugerah Yuka , Hidayat AR. Rohman Taufiq , Kurniawan Badrudin , Ohgaki Hideaki , Mitsufuji Toshio , Cravioto Jordi
Published: February 2023

Photovoltaic (PV) is one of primary renewable energy sources aimed to achieve national electrification ratio in Indonesia. There are two PV electricity generators in Indonesia, centralized PV generators (PLTS) and dispersed PV generators (SHS). Both PLTS and SHS are installed in remote and rural areas by which there are no electricity grids provided by state-owned electricity (PLN). The numbers of 15 PLTS/SHS projects are main cases of this study. All of them are categorized based on the type of project and thus analyzed by qualitative research method. This research attempts to investigate PV projects’ current progress and formulate a solution to solve the emerging problems. This research found that PLTS/ SHS projects face unresolved classical problems over the years, unsustaining PV projects (e.g., short-life infrastructure due to maintenance capability issue). This study proposes regional innovation system (RIS) and sectoral innovation system (SIS) as the Indonesian comprehensive policy strategy to sustain national PV projects. Network Governance (NG) perspective is a lens to capture how actors of academician, business, government, and community (ABGC) interact and collaborate mutually. The conclusion is that RIS and SIS can create a PV market in Indonesia, possibly being implemented through different NG forms.
Constraining higher-spin S-matrices
Authors: Tran Tung
Published: February 2023

Abstract

There are various no-go theorems that tightly constrain the existence of local higher-spin theories with non-trivial S-matrix in flat space. Due to the existence of higher-spin Yang-Mills theory with non-trivial scattering amplitudes, it makes sense to revisit Weinberg’s soft theorem — a direct consequence of the Lorentz invariance of the S-matrix that does not take advantage of unitarity and parity invariance. By working with the chiral representation — a representation originated from twistor theory, we show that Weinberg’s soft theorem can be evaded and non-trivial higher-spin S-matrix is possible. In particular, we show that Weinberg’s soft theorem is more closely related to the number of derivatives in the interactions rather than spins. We also observe that all constraints imposed by gauge invariance of the S-matrix are accompanied by polynomials in the soft momentum of the emitted particle where the zeroth order in the soft momentum is a charge conservation law.
Azimuthal decorrelation for photon induced dijet production in ultra-peripheral collisions of heavy ions
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Dai Qian-Shun , Shao Ding Yu
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We study the azimuthal angular decorrelation of the dijet production via photon fusion in ultra-peripheral heavy ion collisions. The impact parameter dependent cross section of quark-antiquark pairs production is derived using the equivalent photon approximation, and the contribution from final-state QCD radiations to the azimuthal angular distribution are calculated within Soft-Collinear Effective Theory. We carry out the QCD resummation of large logarithms of the azimuthal angle as well as the jet radius at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. In the end we present the normalized differential cross section for azimuthal decorrelation of the dijet pair and find that our results are consistent with the measurements reported by the ATLAS collaboration.
Quantum current dissipation in superconducting strings and vortons
Authors: Abe Yoshihiko , Hamada Yu , Saji Kota , Yoshioka Koichi
Published: February 2023

Abstract

In this work, the current stability is discussed for cosmic strings with the bosonic superconductivity. A non-vanishing curvature of string generally induce the quantum instability of the current-carrying particle. Its decay rates are explored for various types of model parameters, curved string shapes, and decay processes. As a cosmological application, the stability is examined for superconducting strings in the string network and also for cosmic vortons by evaluating their cosmological evolution. The zero mode and hence the vorton cannot be stable in various cases, e.g., with a hierarchy between the current-carrying particle mass off the string and the string tension or with sizable couplings of the current-carrying particle to light species such as the Standard Model particles.
GJMS-like operators on symmetric 2-tensors and their gravitational duals
Authors: Aros R. , Bugini F. , Diaz D. E.
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We study a family of higher-derivative conformal operators $$ {P}_{2k}^{(2)} $$

P

2
k

2

acting on transverse-traceless symmetric 2-tensors on generic Einstein spaces. They are a natural generalization of the well-known construction for scalars.

We first provide the alternative description in terms of a bulk Poincaré-Einstein metric by making use of the AdS/CFT dictionary and argue that their holographic dual generically consists of bulk massive gravitons. At one-loop quantum level we put forward a holographic formula for the functional determinant of the higher-derivative conformal operators $$ {P}_{2k}^{(2)} $$

P

2
k

2

in terms of the functional determinant for massive gravitons with standard and alternate boundary conditions. The analogous construction for vectors $$ {P}_{2k}^{(1)} $$

P

2
k

1

is worked out as well and we also rewrite the holographic formula for unconstrained vector and traceless symmetric 2-tensor by decoupling the longitudinal part.

Finally, we show that the holographic formula provides the necessary building blocks to address the massless and partially massless bulk gravitons. This is confirmed in four and six dimensions, verifying full agreement with results available in the literature.
Long-lived heavy neutral leptons with a displaced shower signature at CMS
Authors: Cottin Giovanna , Helo Juan Carlos , Hirsch Martin , Peña Cristián , Wang Christina , Xie Si
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We study the LHC discovery potential in the search for heavy neutral leptons (HNL) with a new signature: a displaced shower in the CMS muon detector, giving rise to a large cluster of hits forming a displaced shower. A new Delphes module is used to model the CMS detector response for such displaced decays. We reinterpret a dedicated CMS search for neutral long-lived particles decaying in the CMS muon endcap detectors for the minimal HNL scenario. We demonstrate that this new strategy is particularly sensitive to active-sterile mixings with τ leptons, due to hadronic τ decays. HNL masses between ~ 1–6 GeV can be accessed for mixings as low as |VτN|2~10−7, probing unique regions of parameter space in the τ sector.
“Glyco-sulfo barcodes” regulate chemokine receptor function
Authors: Verhallen Lisa , Lackman Jarkko J. , Wendt Rikke , Gustavsson Martin , Yang Zhang , Narimatsu Yoshiki , Sørensen Daniel M. , Lafferty Kato Mac , Gouwy Mieke , Marques Pedro E. , Hjortø Gertrud M. , Rosenkilde Mette M. , Proost Paul , Goth Christoffer K.
Published: February 2023

Chemokine ligands and receptors regulate the directional migration of leukocytes. Post-translational modifications of chemokine receptors including O-glycosylation and tyrosine sulfation have been reported to regulate ligand binding and resulting signaling. Through in silico analyses, we determined potential conserved O-glycosylation and sulfation sites on human and murine CC chemokine receptors. Glyco-engineered CHO cell lines were used to measure the impact of O-glycosylation on CC chemokine receptor CCR5, while mutation of tyrosine residues and treatment with sodium chlorate were performed to determine the effect of tyrosine sulfation. Changing the glycosylation or tyrosine sulfation on CCR5 reduced the receptor signaling by the more positively charged CCL5 and CCL8 more profoundly compared to the less charged CCL3. The loss of negatively charged sialic acids resulted only in a minor effect on CCL3-induced signal transduction. The enzymes GalNAc-T1 and GalNAc-T11 were shown to be involved in the process of chemokine receptor O-glycosylation. These results indicate that O-glycosylation and tyrosine sulfation are involved in the fine-tuning and recognition of chemokine interactions with CCR5 and the resulting signaling.
Effect of ATG12–ATG5-ATG16L1 autophagy E3-like complex on the ability of LC3/GABARAP proteins to induce vesicle tethering and fusion
Authors: Iriondo Marina N. , Etxaniz Asier , Varela Yaiza R. , Ballesteros Uxue , Lázaro Melisa , Valle Mikel , Fracchiolla Dorotea , Martens Sascha , Montes L. Ruth , Goñi Félix M. , Alonso Alicia
Published: February 2023

In macroautophagy, the autophagosome (AP) engulfs portions of cytoplasm to allow their lysosomal degradation. AP formation in humans requires the concerted action of the ATG12 and LC3/GABARAP conjugation systems. The ATG12–ATG5-ATG16L1 or E3-like complex (E3 for short) acts as a ubiquitin-like E3 enzyme, promoting LC3/GABARAP proteins anchoring to the AP membrane. Their role in the AP expansion process is still unclear, in part because there are no studies comparing six LC3/GABARAP family member roles under the same conditions, and also because the full human E3 was only recently available. In the present study, the lipidation of six members of the LC3/GABARAP family has been reconstituted in the presence and absence of E3, and the mechanisms by which E3 and LC3/GABARAP proteins participate in vesicle tethering and fusion have been investigated. In the absence of E3, GABARAP and GABARAPL1 showed the highest activities. Differences found within LC3/GABARAP proteins suggest the existence of a lipidation threshold, lower for the GABARAP subfamily, as a requisite for tethering and inter-vesicular lipid mixing. E3 increases and speeds up lipidation and LC3/GABARAP-promoted tethering. However, E3 hampers LC3/GABARAP capacity to induce inter-vesicular lipid mixing or subsequent fusion, presumably through the formation of a rigid scaffold on the vesicle surface. Our results suggest a model of AP expansion in which the growing regions would be areas where the LC3/GABARAP proteins involved should be susceptible to lipidation in the absence of E3, or else a regulatory mechanism would allow vesicle incorporation and phagophore growth when E3 is present.
Künstliche Intelligenz in der Urologie – Chancen und Möglichkeiten
Authors: Alexa Radu , Kranz Jennifer , Kuppe Christoph , Hayat Sikander , Hoffmann Marco , Saar Matthias
Published: February 2023

Der Einsatz künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Urologie soll zu einer deutlichen Optimierung und Individualisierung der Diagnostik und Therapie sowie einer Kostenreduktion für das Gesundheitssystem beitragen. Die Einsatzmöglichkeiten und Vorteile der KI im medizinischen Bereich werden oftmals unterschätzt oder nur unvollständig verstanden. Dadurch wird die konzeptuelle Lösung von relevanten medizinischen Problemen mit Hilfe von KI-Anwendungen erschwert. Mit den aktuellen Fortschritten der Computerwissenschaften wurden bereits multiple, teils hochkomplexe nicht medizinische Prozesse automatisiert untersucht und optimiert. Die konstante Entwicklung von KI-Modellen kann bei korrekter Anwendung zu einer effektiveren Bearbeitung und Analyse patientenbezogener Daten und einer dementsprechend optimierten Diagnostik und Therapie urologischer Patientinnen und Patienten führen. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird der aktuelle Status zur Anwendung der KI in der Medizin sowie deren Chancen und Möglichkeiten in der Urologie aus einer konzeptuellen Perspektive anhand praktischer Beispiele dargestellt.
Reference Intervals for Bone Impact Microindentation in Healthy Adults: A Multi-Centre International Study
Authors: Rufus-Membere Pamela , Holloway-Kew Kara L. , Diez-Perez Adolfo , Appelman-Dijkstra Natasha M. , Bouxsein Mary L. , Eriksen Erik F. , Farr Joshua N. , Khosla Sundeep , Kotowicz Mark A. , Nogues Xavier , Rubin Mishaela , Pasco Julie A.
Published: February 2023

Impact microindentation (IMI) is a novel technique for assessing bone material strength index (BMSi) in vivo, by measuring the depth of a micron-sized, spherical tip into cortical bone that is then indexed to the depth of the tip into a reference material. The aim of this study was to define the reference intervals for men and women by evaluating healthy adults from the United States of America, Europe and Australia. Participants included community-based volunteers and participants drawn from clinical and population-based studies. BMSi was measured on the tibial diaphysis using an OsteoProbe in 479 healthy adults (197 male and 282 female, ages 25 to 98 years) across seven research centres, between 2011 and 2018. Associations between BMSi, age, sex and areal bone mineral density (BMD) were examined following an a posteriori method. Unitless BMSi values ranged from 48 to 101. The mean (± standard deviation) BMSi for men was 84.4 ± 6.9 and for women, 79.0 ± 9.1. Healthy reference intervals for BMSi were identified as 71.0 to 97.9 for men and 59.8 to 95.2 for women. This study provides healthy reference data that can be used to calculate T- and Z-scores for BMSi and assist in determining the utility of BMSi in fracture prediction. These data will be useful for positioning individuals within the population and for identifying those with BMSi at the extremes of the population.