bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term challanges of Romanian urban network: Planning for regions with different background
Authors: Csák László
Published: February 2016

Romanian development policy and planning always had a major goal, namely turning Romania from a rural country into a prosperous urbanized one. Rurality is associated with backwardness, poverty and with a not really proudly accepted past. In the present paper I try to identify the main periods of Romanian planning, and I also use statistical demographic time series in order to describe the present state and the trends of urbanization in Romania. Planning, when it was applied, had a decisive effect on Romanian urbanization, while lack of planning or inappropriate planning is marked by stops in increase of urban share.
From Café to stage to museum: The transformation of the Gypsy music industry in 20th-century Hungary
Authors: Hooker Lynn M.
Published: February 2016

With a few exceptions, the scholarly literature on Hungary’s Gypsy music remains frozen in an increasingly remote past, in what Budapest journalist Imre Déri in 1912 called “the old patriarchal relationship between the Gypsies and the gentlemenmerry-makers.” Yet Gypsy musicians thrived in the twentieth century, through dramatic social and economic changes, adapting to new institutional frameworks and audience expectations. In the early days of the Hungarian Radio, culture brokers attempted to regularize sound production to fit the technical demands of this new medium, in the process asserting new controls over the musicians; their proposed changes led to a public conflict with the musicians, the “Gypsy war” of 1934. Under socialism the state initially strove to break the “feudalist-capitalist” framework of the previous system by closing restaurants, but then reopened them as sites for workers’ entertainment and tourist revenue; additionally, Hungary’s professional folk ensembles (created there and throughout the East bloc after the model of Igor Moiseyev’s ensemble in the USSR) filled the ranks of their orchestras with Gypsy musicians almost exclusively until the 1980s. Using oral history interviews and journalistic and archival sources, this essay shows how these artists sought both economic stability and recognition as they negotiated changing conditions.
Rural societies with industrial workers in northeast Hungary
Authors: Alabán Péter
Published: February 2016

The sphere of analysis in this article includes settlements in the north of Hungary. They are located in the north of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, in the area that attracted a labor force to the former Metallurgical Works of Ózd. The most considerable stratification of society of the rural and poor noble population that lived in the settlements neighboring Ózd, which was inhabited since the Middle Ages, happened when in the former industrial town the demand for the labor force of the gradually expanding works extended and changed the society of the neighboring villages. After 1945, the process continued, and it attracted the inhabitants of the settlements located within a 50 kilometer radius to take part in industrial employment. Metallurgy, which offered a secure, permanent living as well as mining, which was typical of the region, formed laborers and miners from the native peasants living close to migrating workers and sometimes created dynasties of workers through several generations. The employment of women came to the fore in time: apart from housekeeping, which was demanding, the girls and mothers could do heavy manual work, so they appeared on the labor market as earners as well.
Enhanced delivery of chemical agents in soil improvement applications
Authors: Minder P. , Puzrin A. M. , Plötze M.
Published: February 2016

The paper explores the concept of enhanced delivery of chemicals for soil improvement applications based on clay treatment by guanidinium salt solutions. This treatment is shown to cause significant increase in shear strength and decrease in the swelling potential of clayey soils, which are highly desirable results in many geotechnical applications. Whereas some other soil improvement techniques reduce soil permeability as a side effect, guanidinium increases permeability of pure bentonites and quartz–bentonite mixtures by an order of magnitude and maintains this increase under high confining stresses, thus enhancing its own and other agents' delivery. It is shown that molecular change of the clay minerals on the level of the surface chemistry results in an aggregation of small clay minerals to stable larger particles, thus providing a system of open pores. For a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the process of enhanced delivery, a simple analytical hydro-chemical model is developed and successfully validated against both experimental data from soil samples subjected to the flow of guanidinium solution and a more sophisticated numerical analysis. Potential applications of this technique to stabilisation of creeping landslides will be investigated in a companion paper.
Reduced Racial Disparity in Kidney Transplant Outcomes in the United States from 1990 to 2012
Authors: Purnell Tanjala S. , Luo Xun , Kucirka Lauren M. , Cooper Lisa A. , Crews Deidra C. , Massie Allan B. , Boulware L. Ebony , Segev Dorry L.
Published: February 2016

Earlier studies reported inferior outcomes among black compared with white kidney transplant (KT) recipients. We examined whether this disparity improved in recent decades. Using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients and Cox regression models, we compared all-cause graft loss among 63,910 black and 145,482 white adults who received a first-time live donor KT (LDKT) or deceased donor KT (DDKT) in 1990–2012. Over this period, 5-year graft loss after DDKT improved from 51.4% to 30.6% for blacks and from 37.3% to 25.0% for whites; 5-year graft loss after LDKT improved from 37.4% to 22.2% for blacks and from 20.8% to 13.9% for whites. Among DDKT recipients in the earliest cohort, blacks were 39% more likely than whites to experience 5-year graft loss (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.32 to 1.47; P<0.001), but this disparity narrowed in the most recent cohort (aHR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.18; P=0.01). Among LDKT recipients in the earliest cohort, blacks were 53% more likely than whites to experience 5-year graft loss (aHR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.83; P<0.001), but this disparity also narrowed in the most recent cohort (aHR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.61; P<0.001). Analyses revealed no statistically significant differences in 1-year or 3-year graft loss after LDKT or DDKT in the most recent cohorts. Our findings of reduced disparities over the last 22 years driven by more markedly improved outcomes for blacks may encourage nephrologists and patients to aggressively promote access to transplantation in the black community.
Validity of the Stellenbosch University On-road Assessment
Authors: Swanepoel Lizette , Classen Sherrilene , Goliath Charlyn
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND: Internationally, occupational therapists are the professional group called upon to assess fitness to drive. Fitness to drive is assessed through a comprehensive driving evaluation consisting of a clinical battery of tests and an on-road assessment. The on-road assessment is the criterion standard for assessing fitness to drive. Such an assessment has not yet been developed or validated in the South African context. PURPOSE: This study empirically quantified the face, content and construct validity of the Stellenbosch University on-road assessment. METHODS: Firstly face validity was established using feedback from peer reviewers, secondly, content validity using the ratings of expert reviewers, and thirdly construct validity was established by assessing between group differences in young drivers who drove the road-course. RESULTS: Peer review indicated acceptable face validity. Expert reviewers had an average rater agreement percentage of 94%, indicating favourable content validity. One (of two) on-road outcome measures, the Global Rating Score, discriminated between two groups of drivers, indicating construct validity. CONCLUSION: This study introduced the first empirical on-road assessment in the South African context. The findings provided foundational information for occupational therapists interested in assessing in-traffic fitness to drive abilities. Implications for practice, research and policy were discussed. Key words: Fitness to drive, Measurement, South Africa
Temperature imbalance and fever
Authors: Kalyuzhnaya Lidiya Ivanovna , Zemlyanoy Dmitriy Alekseevich
Published: February 2016

The ability to have a body temperature that is independent of environment temperature is evolutionary acquisition. Thanks to him, organisms can control the intensity of metabolism to increase body temperature. Homoiothermic animals can maintain an optimum body temperature via the heat transfer into the environment. An optimal level of temperature is necessary for activity of most enzymes, the implementation of metabolic reactions in cells. The viscosity of blood and extracellular fluids, the surface tension of the surfactant, swelling colloids of the interstitial space depend on the temperature inside. The excitation of cells, muscle contraction, secretion, absorption, locomotor activity and phagocytic properties of neutrophils also depend on the temperature of the tissues. Fever is pathological process a temporary increasing of body temperature for homoiothermal animals and humans. The process starts due to cytokines exogenous and endogenous origin. Cytokines rebuild the system of thermoregulation. Fever is protective response to damaged but may be redundant. Tachycardia at a fever promotes arrhythmias and may be complicated by the development of acute heart failure. Critical temperature decrease with profuse sweating can cause collapse. Fever in pregnant women in the early stages of placentation provokes violations and defects of the neural tube of the embryo. Fever leads to accumulation of ketonic substances in the blood due to incomplete lipolysis. Ketoacidosis with fever in young patients is the cause of hyperthermic convulsions. The negative effects of fever forced to resort to antipyretic therapy and measures to increase heat dissipation.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of procalcitonin blood level studies in patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of the uterus and its appendages
Authors: Arakelian Biuzand Vazgenovich , Kokhreidze Nadezda Anatolyevna
Published: February 2016

The authors believe, that patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of the uterus and its appendages, complicated widespread peritonitis, for values of blood procalcitonin level to 1.13 ng/mL can talk about abdominal sepsis without organ failure, at the level of 1.13-4.5 ng/mL should include developing organ failure 1-2 systems, that is, in this category of patients with high probability there is heavy abdominal sepsis with multiple organ failure laboratory level - disorders of the functioning of core indicators while maintaining homeostasis. If the levels of procalcitonin exceed 4.5 ng/ml, this indicates heavy abdominal sepsis with multiple organ failure in the progression multiple organ failure in multiple organ inconsistency. Reduction of procalcitonin in the postoperative period reflects a decrease in the body's inflammatory response, and reliable increase in the level of procalcitonin (and/or the absence of reduction) from the third day indicates the progression of the disease, which allows us to offer a method in monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of the therapy.
Medico-social factors influencing the menstrual function in adolescents with overweight
Authors: Yalfimova Elena Anatol’yevna , Kutusheva Galiya Fettyakhovna
Published: February 2016

Obesity is a serious medical, social and economic issue in modern society. Relevance it is determined primarily by the high prevalence of obesity. Objective: identify medical and social factors influencing the development of obesity in adolescent girls with menstrual cycle. Materials and methods: questionnaires, analysis of medical records, clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination 167 girls from 14 to 18 years with obesity I degree (28,7 %), obesity degree II (58,1 %), obesity III degree (13.2 %) and their parents, and 211 girls with normal body weight and their parents. Results: artificial feeding from birth had 23,2% of the young women of the main group, in the control group the rate was 7.4 %. The regularity of meals keep 12.5 % of adolescents in primary and 27.1 % of adolescents in the control groups. The prevalence of high-calorie foods noted 21.1 % of girls are obese and only 4.9 % of normal body weight. The average age at onset of menarche in girls with obesity was 10 years and 9 months, which is 11 months earlier than in the con-control group girls. Girls with overweight significantly more often in 80.6 % of identified disorders of lipid compared with a group of girls with normal body weight, in 13.9 % of cases respectively. In the main group was observed hormonal changes, talking about changing the gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland, disorders of the cyclical release of gonadotropins, the absence of physiological “ovulatory peak”, a chaotic secretion of FSH and LH, the violation of physiological ratio of FSH/LH. When conducting USDG in the first group identified dyscirculatory violations arterial bed, in the form of the asymmetry of the flow and signs of venous degenii in the form of increased speed of blood flow in the jugular veins, monophasic flow in the veins, the blood flow in the vertebral veins in a horizontal position. Conclusions: the menstrual cycle occurs under the action of complex factors, such as physical illness, unbalanced diet, chronic stress, bad habits, poor physical living conditions. A survey of adolescent girls who turned over the menstrual cycle and with obesity should be integrated and include in addition to the laboratory, instrumentaltion survey joint management of such patients related-governmental experts.
The role of the pediatrician in the sexual education of adolescent girls
Authors: Mironova Anna Valeryevna , Balasanyan Viktoriya Grigor'yevna , Zhuravleva Karina Leonidovna
Published: February 2016

Sex educationis a sistem of medical and pedogogical actions in order to teach parents, children, teenagers and young people right attitude to sex questions. For most people the nenecessity of sex education and sex enlighenment is obvious. It is caused by epidemic outbreak of sexually trancmitted diseases STD), the leadership of Russia in the abortion rate, low reproductive aspiration, the descencion of age of the beginning of sexual life and the increase of number of sex partners. Numerous of researches show that nowdays girls teenagers have low level of sex reprodactive education and inadequate sex education in their families, that does not go with modern requirments. The suorces of information of such issues as sex attitude, STD, abortion for teenagers are mass media and the Internet as well as close social enviroment (parents and family members - 59,8 %, friends - 44,6 %). The doctors are ment to play the lading role in sex education of teenagers, in the first place - pediatricians as they contact with the tenagers most closely and regularly. Most girls (77 %) would like to get information while talking to the doctor privatly; the other 23 % prefer lections at school, broshures and booklets. The article presents the theoretical and methodological foundation of sex education of teenagers, and the role of the pediatrician in it. The paper highlights the essential principles and ways of sex education.
Surgical tactic in treatment of ovarian masses in adolescents
Authors: Leontyeva Svetlana Alekseevna , Ulrikh Elena Aleksandrovna , Kokhreidze Nadezda Anatolyevna
Published: February 2016

Ovarian lesions in children are most frequently diagnosed in pubertal period. That could be associated with increased gonadotropin stimulation in this period. Most of the andexal masses in adolescents are benign. Malignant tumors of the ovary account less than 2 % in girls. Every girl with ovarian tumor and acute abdominal pain requires urgent differential diagnostic intervention and/or surgical treatment. The proportion of ovarian torsion is 2-3 % of all cases of abdominal pain in girls. This condition is an emergent gynecological pathology. One of the main aim of surgical treatment in young is to preserve fertility. Different surgery tactics in cases of ovarian masses in adolescents are reviewed in the article. The reproductive status of women underwent treatment for ovarian masses in childhood requires further investigations.
Tissue-engineered vascular grafts
Authors: Aleksandrov Viktor Nikolayevich , Khubulava Genady Grigorievich , Levanovich Vladimir Victorovich
Published: February 2016

There is no doubt that the introduction of synthetic materials was the prerequisite for success of vascular surgery. Biological inertness, durability, eases of sterilization and modeling of synthetic vascular grafts contributed to their widespread use as in aortic and great vessels. However, analysis of the accumulated clinical experience in using of synthetic grafts showed that fascination with them was gradually replaced by cautious attitude, and sometimes by refusing, because in the presence of well-known advantages, synthetic grafts are prone to thrombosis and the development of infection. Thereby, it takes place searching of anticoagulant and antibiotic therapy schemes, and the ways of creation of such grafts which will minimize the risk of thrombus formation and the development of infectious complications. Not without reason one of such ways includes tissue engineering, which allows to create substitute for biological tissues and organs using the principles and methods of engineering and biology. Tissue engineering vascular grafts (TIVG), created on the basis of natural acellular allogeneic or xenogeneic vascular matrices and populated with patient cells, so personalized, are thought to be biocompatible, athrombogenic, and deprived of any deficiencies of synthetic grafts. Being biocompatible products, they will be able to grow and will be suitable not only for adults but also for children with cardiovascular defects. However, a number of questions related to the search of optimal conditions for obtaining TIVG remain open.
Prevalence of mutations nt656g and V281L in indigenous children of Russian Far North
Authors: Yakovleva Svetlana Yanovna , Burtseva Tatiana Egorovna , Shadrin Viktor Pavlovich , Sinel’nikova Elena Vladimirovna , Avrusin Sergei Lvovich , D’yachkov Alexei Nikolaevich , Kononova Olga Anatolyevna , Yur’yeva Victoria Vadimovna , Nikolaeva Lyudmila Alexeevna , Chasnyk Vyacheslav Grigorievich
Published: February 2016

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders which is most often caused by deficiency of steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP-21). High level of inbreeding in the populations of indigenous people of Russian Far North was the reason to assess the prevalence of CYP21-inactivating mutations nt656g (classical sodium wasting phenotype of CAH) and V281L (non-classical CAH) and the genotype-phenotype relationship in children-inhabitants of Yakutia and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Region (YNAR). We examined children living in 9 settlements of Yakutia and in 4 settlements of YNAR: 65 Russians, 206 Sakha, 344 Evens, 88 Evenks, 34 Yukagirs, 7 Chukchi, 99 Dolgans, 41 Nenets, 137 Selkups, 21 others. Blood samples were drawn from 315 children living in Yakutia and from 176 children living in YNAR. Allele specific PCR was used (primers In2ns, In2ms, In2cs for mutation in intron 2 (656) A/C → G and primer Ex7ma for mutation in exon 7 (V281L)) with positive control DNA. In cases of positive reaction the procedure was repeated and if it was again positive sequencing was performed. We didn’t find homozygotes. Twelve heterozygotes have been revealed with mutations at CYP21 gene. Of them splicing mutation in intron 2 (nucleotide 656) was revealed on 1 chromosome, mutation in exon 7 (V281L) - on 11 chromosomes. Prevalence of mutation nt656g in Evens was 1:41 (2,4 : 100). In other ethnic groups it was not revealed. Hence on average for the whole studied group of children the prevalence of mutation nt656g was 0,4 : 100. The prevalence of mutation V281L was the highest in Chukchi (5,1 : 100) and Yukagirs (5 : 100) with average prevalence for the whole studied group 2,4 : 100. The prevalence of heterozygotes for the V281L mutation in whole studied group was found to be almost similar to the prevalence of heterozygotes for non-classical CAH in non-Ashkenazi population (1 : 60, Speiser P.W. et al., 1985). In Nenets and Selkup children living in YNAR the prevalence was half as high as the average for Native children in Yakutia.
Treatment of inflammatory and degenerative damages of the smooth parodont tissue with tooth pastes in rats
Authors: Mokrenko Evgeniy Vladimirovich , Shabanov Petr Dmitrievich
Published: February 2016

A rat model of inflammatory and degenerative damages of the smooth parodont tissue by means of administration of 2 % formal-dehyde water solution into the smooth parodont tissues was described. The oxidative status of rats including lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system indexes was assessed because of their high sensitivity to inflammation process. The lipid peroxidation indexes (malonic dialdehyde and dienic conjugates level) were 2-3-fold higher in the blood serum and parodont tissue in 7 days after inflammation beginning. The system of antioxidant defense (recovered glutatione level and activity of superoxide dismutase) was more sensitive in comparison with lipid peroxidation. The recovered glutation content in the blood serum was decreased from 2.02 ± 0.09 till 0.88 ± 0.21 µM/ml, and superoxide dismutase activity was reduced from 0.78 ± 0.10 till 0.28 ± 0.04 А/mg protein, that was these indexes were decreased in 2.5-3 times. The same regularity was observed in the smooth tissues of the parodont. The recovered glutation level was decreased in 2.1 times and superoxide dismutase activity was reduced in 7 times. Therefore, the curative and prevention action of tooth pastes and stomatologic drugs could be assessed with this model of inflammation. In particular, the tooth pastes lesmin-dent > clamin-dent > zhemchug (in order of descending activity) attenuate or abolish signs of inflammatory and degenerative damages of the smooth parodont tissue in rats assessed on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system indexes.
Skin wounds’ healing basic problems and the use of skin substitutes
Authors: Konstantinova Mariya Valer’yevna , Khaytsev Nikolay Valentinovich , Kravtsova Aleftina Alekseevna , Balashov Lev Dmitrievich
Published: February 2016

Kin substitutes present a heterogenous group of substances that aid in temporary or permanent covering of wounds of various types. Although they can not replace surgical debridement or standard methods of treatment they proffer an alternative to standard methods of treatment whenever the latter are ineffective. Skin substitutes require less wound vascularization, they increase the wound’s cutaneous component, decrease or eliminate inhibitory factors, decrease inflammatory process and grant quick and safe wound closing. Mast cells besides regulating vascular reactions in trauma zone also boost immune, defensive and reparative processes in the wound. Stimulatory influence of mast cells upon fibrosis depend on activation of fibroblasts rather than direct collagen production by mast cells. Attention is focused at studies of autologous adult stem-cells’ stimulation in various organs and tissues as well as at intercellular matrix (ICM). ICM besides being cells’ fastening substrate also controls proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis cells’ functions. Collagen, fibronectin, laminin, proteoglycanes, cytokines and chemokynes are important ICM components. Microcirculation plays a substantial role in wound healing process. Cultivated fibroblasts due to their ability for long-term synthesis of ICM components can effectively correct wound healing process. Allogenic fibroblasts can be successfully used as skin substitutes’ components in the treatment of skin wounds and burns. Unlike autologous fibroblasts the allogenic cells may be obtained in advance and freeze-stored in large quantities.
The metabolic logistics of stress, diabetes mellitus and works by Bernardo Alberto Houssay
Authors: Churilov Leonid Pavlovich , Utekhin Vladimir Iosiphovich
Published: February 2016

The paper deals with redistribution of energetic and plastic resources in the organism during stress, acute phase response and diabetes mellitus. Assuming metabolic regulation is based upon balanced contradictory influences of diverse chemical signals (substrates, ions, autacoids, hormones, neurotransmitters, physiological autoantibodies) the peculiarities of insulin- and counter-insulin effects during acute and chronic adaptation under stress, acute phase response and diabetes mellitus have been discussed. The role of chronic stress and accompanying metabolic disorders has been accentuated as a basis for stress-associated diseases’ development. The role of outstanding Argentinean pathophysiologist Bernardo Alberto Houssay (1887-1971) is discussed. He had devoted himself to studies of pituitary bioregulators’ influence on insulin effects immediately after insulin discovery and had established in 1924 that pituitary removal is able to increase sensitivity to insulin in dogs, and developed “secondary diabetes mellitus” concept as a result of counter-insulin hormones’ excess (especially hormones of adenohypophysis and the adrenal glands (“steroid diabetes”). Bernardo Alberto Houssay was really the first to experimentally prove pituitary and adrenal bioregulators to oppose the insulin effects. Bernardo Alberto Houssay has been 46 times nominated for the Nobel prize for 17 years (1931 through 1947), and finally was awarded the Nobel prize in 1947 for achievements in Physiology and Medicine for disclosing the role of pituitary in carbohydrate metabolism (he was the first ever Nobel prize winner from Latin America). The paper discusses publications by B. A. Houssay, current development of his ideas, as well as historical and biographical information on his research and his scientific school of endocrinologists-pathophysiologists in the context of his epoch, on the background of history of Argentina [3 figs, bibliography: 34 refs].
Organization of a simulation study in SPbSPMU
Authors: Gostimsky Alexander Vadimovich , Kuznetsova Yulia Vasilevna , Lisovski Oleg Valentinovich
Published: February 2016

In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation from January 15, 2007 N 30 to participate in the delivery of health care to citizens admitted students who have successfully completed the theoretical training and have practical skills acquired on models (phantoms). In 2013, in order to introduce innovative forms of learning SPbGPMU formed Center of modern educational technologies. For the development of all necessary manipulations in the Centre created a special phantom-simulation classes. In order to establish the required number of repetitions in the course teaching practical skills learning outcomes analyzed 252 5th year students of pediatric faculty. It was found that a great development of the 5th year students of medical procedures require at least 5 repetitions of each student with a teacher or a mandatory correction loop simulator. To master the algorithm requires the help of at least 7 repeats the clinical scenario, with enough 1-2 times the direct participation of the remaining repetitions of the student can observe and participate in the discussion of errors. The introduction of phantom-simulation training for students not only increases the interest in learning, but also makes it possible to repeatedly perform any medical procedures or diagnostic procedure without risk to the patient, and subsequently apply their skills confidently during practical training. Using simulators, mannequins, phantoms and dummies can not only master the different skills each student physicians, but also to develop the ability to interact with each other and work as a team by simulating real conditions. The possibility of multiple repetition of the same scenario allows you to bring the mastery of skills to automaticity.
Risk of harmful use of a particular type of psychoactive substance in adolescents with conduct disorders
Authors: Grechanyi Severin Vyacheslavovich
Published: February 2016

The purpose of the study was a statistical evaluation of the role of clinical and anamnestic data for the risk of a particular type of substances use with the harmful effects in adolescents with conduct disorders. Were studied 293 adolescents with a diagnosis of “Conduct disorder” and comorbid diagnoses “Harmful substance use” (mean age - 15,3 ± 0,1 years). Patients were divided into 4 groups. 1 subgroup comprised 89 patients with comorbid diagnosis of “Harmful opioid use”. 2 subgroup comprised 95 patients with comorbid diagnosis of “Harmful inhalant use”. 3 subgroup comprised 57 patients with comorbid diagnosis of “Harmful alcohol drinking”. 4 subgroup consisted of 52 patients with comorbid diagnosis of “Harmful stimulant use”. The result was obtained by logistic regression equation to calculate the risk of supplies to the patients particular clinical subgroup on the basis of statistically significant variables (anamnestic data). For the harmful opioid use subgroup is: “Family history of substance abuse on the one line”, “Schooling program for masses”, status “Is not working/not learning”, “Living with a partner”. For the harmful inhalant use subgroup is: status “Is not working/not learning”, “Living in a boarding school”, “Escape from the house (or boarding)/temporary accommodation in a shelter”. For the harmful alcohol drinking subgroup is: “Half family”, “Correctional school program”, “Supporting school program”, status “Student school”, status “Is not working/not learning“ (negative contribution to the result variable prediction), “Living in a boarding school”. For the harmful stimulant use subgroup is: “Useful family history”, ”Orphan or the parent(s) deprived of their rights” (negative contribution to the result variable prediction), status “Is not working/not learning” (negative contribution to the result variable prediction), “Escape from the house (or boarding)/temporary accommodation in a shelter”, “Living with a partner”.
Reactive changes in neurons of the raphe serotonergic ом nucleus of after experimental stress in the neonate period and buspirone therapy
Authors: Droblenkov Andrey Vsevolodovich , Pivnev Alexandr Vladimirovich , Pyzhov Vasiliy Alexandrovich , Butkevich Irina Pavlovna , Mikhailenko Viktor Anatol’evich , Shimaraeva Tat’yana Nikolaevna
Published: February 2016

The identification of the raphe nucleus neurons reactive changes after experimental stress in the newborn period is necessary for a better understanding of the mechanisms of damage and adaptation of the serotonergic system in the brain during postnatal development. It is well known that the raphe serotonergic nucleus is the largest source of serotonergic nerve fibers through which the connection with the hypothalamus and other projection centers of “positive reinforcement system”. The study of reactive changes raphe nucleus neurons after experimental stress in the newborn period is necessary for a better understanding of the mechanisms of damage and adaptation of the serotonergic system in the brain during postnatal development as well as for possible correction of behavioral disorders. In 37 day old rats after injection of buspirone (experimental animals) and control (injected with physiologists cal solution) studied pain response in the formalin test (2.5 % injection solution of formalin in 1.0 l of a sole of the hind limb). In sections macrocellular raphe nuclei stained by Nissl, counted the number of unmodified, hypochromic, shrunken and hyperchromatic, shadowly cells, established area little changed neurons. Measured as the distance between the bodies of neurons and glial cells between the bodies and the bodies of neurons. It was found that after the simulation of stress in a large raphe nucleus neurons developing degenerative and compensatory-adaptive changes. Reduces the number and size of bodies of neurons containing substance Nissl, wrinkling occurs, strengthening and weakening of staining, the growth of the share of shadowly neurons. Also activated glioneuronal and interneuronal relationships. Reactive changes in the cells exposed to the compensation correction drugs that block receptors for serotonin.
Neuroprotective effects of cortexin and ischemic preconditioning
Authors: Zarubina Irina Viktorovna , Buznik Galina Viktorovna , Shabanov Petr Dmitrievich
Published: February 2016

The purpose was to assess neuroprotective effects of cortexin and ischemic preconditioning in rats with occlusion of both carotid arteries. Methods. The Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to their resistance to hypoxia. All rats were raised in barocamera on altitude 11 000 m with speed 50 m/sec and exposition up to agonal breath. Rats resistant to hypoxia more than 10 min were qualified as high resistant (HR), less than 5 min as low resistant (LR) to hypoxia. Ischemic preconditioning was reproduced by the 3-times temporary occlusions of common carotid arteries (5 min each) with 15-min reperfusion interval between occlusions. The chronic ischemia was modeled by means of ligation (permanent occlusion) of both carotid arteries in 1 h (early preconditioning) or 24 h (delayed preconditioning) after preconditioning procedure. Cortexin 1 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally 7 days after occlusion of carotid arteries. Neurological status was assessed using McGrow’s stroke-index. Results. In postischemic period, the functional and metabolic changes in the brain of HR and LR rats were more significant in conditions of delayed preconditioning. In group of early preconditioning, a number of survival rats on 7th day was more than in delayed preconditioning group. Cortexin administration (1 mg/kg, 7 days) increased quantity of survival rats, especially in delayed preconditioning group. The maximal effect of cortexin was observed in delayed preconditioning group. Also cortexin decreased malonic dialdehyde level and increased superoxide dismutase activity of the brain tissue in all groups of rats. Conclusion. The course administration of polypeptide drug cortexin reduces neurological deficit signs, recovers structure of individual behavior of rats with different resistance to hypoxia and performs antioxidant action in chronic ischemic damage of the brain on the background of early and delayed preconditioning.
Degenerative changes of the Medial arcuate hypothalamic nucleus neurons in the male hypogonadism model
Authors: Khodulaeva Yulia Nikolaevna , Asaulenko Zakhar Petrovich , Baymarov Alekber Azizovoch , Nikitina Irina Leorovna , Droblenkov Andreiy Vsevolodovich
Published: February 2016

The study of patterns of hormonal regulation of sexual development of adolescents including mechanisms of physiological and pathological changes in the rate of maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis remains the subject of active research interest. The study of reactive changes of the medial arcuate nucleus of cells in experimental hypogonadism and degree of correction of these changes after testosterone therapy is necessary for a better understanding of the mechanisms of endocrine interaction gonads and gonadoliberin centers during puberty. The aim of this article was to determine the quantitative, structural changes of neurons, glio-neuronal and interneuronal relationships in the medial arcuate nucleus in experimental hypogonadism and the degree of correction of these changes after testosterone therapy. In male Wistar rats induced hypogonadism (model created by the removal of one gonad on postnatal day 2-3), and histological sections were examined medial hypothalamic arcuate nucleus puberty animals (2 months) and the absence of treatment with testosterone after correction. The control group consisted of intact animals puberty. It was found that after the experimental inhibition of testosterone production in newborn male rats in the medial hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of rat puberty develop degenerative (degenerative, atrophic) and compensatory-adaptive changes. First expressed in the reduction of the share and the decrease in the normochromic neurons area, wrinkling, the growth of the share of shadowly neurons. The latter expressed signs of activation glio-neuronal and interneuronal relations. Many reactive changes in the cells exposed to compensatory adjustment in the period of puberty.
Identification of concealed disturbance of blood coagulation (deficiency of factor XI) by polymerase chain reaction (experimental study)
Authors: Ussenbekov Yessengali Serikovich , Zhanserkenova Orik Orazimanovna , Kasymbekova Shinar Nikolaevna , Siyabekov Sarsenbek Torekhanovich , Sobolev Ivan Viktorovich , Glushakov Ruslan Ivanovich , Terletskiy Valeriy Pavlovich , Proshin Sergei Nikolaevich
Published: February 2016

Minor bleeding is quite common in children and in some cases masks the serious disease of blood clotting. As a rule, this rare inherited disease associated with deficiency of coagulation factors as the I, II, V, VII, X, XI and XIII, as well as deficiency conjugate, most often, the joint failure factors V and VIII and factor whose synthesis associated with vitamin K. The pediatric clinic is difficult to fulfill a randomized trial because of the difficulty of identifying such children carriers of genetic abnormalities at a specific blood clotting factor. In connection with the model of deficiency of coagulation factor XI in a mammals (Bos Taurus L) with autosomal recessive type of inheritance is particularly promising. Deficiency of coagulation factor XI in cattle is inherited autosomal recessive defect. At the first time this pathology was recognized in Holstein cows in 1969. Frequently the etiologic factor of most hidden genetic defects in animals are point mutations in the coding region of the respective genes. On the contrary it has been found that deficiency of coagulation factor XI cattle (FXID) is a consequence of the insertion of nucleotide sequences within exon 12 of the gene FXI length of 76 base pairs. STOP codon (TAA) was resulted from insertion. Phenotypically deficiency of factor XI (FXID) in calves is resulted in disturbance of blood clotting and characterized by prolonged bleeding from the umbilical cord and anemia. Cows which are heterozygous in deficiency of coagulation factor XI have colostrum pink color. Those animals are frequently suffered from pneumonia, mastitis and endometritis. We monitored the breeding sires and Holstein cows on the carrier of the genetic disease: deficiency of coagulation factor XI. To detect the insertion of nucleotide sequences of 76 bp in size it is recommended to use the polymerase chain reaction.
Correction of mitochondrial dysfunction of rabbit cardiomyocytes using substrate antihypoxants
Authors: Vorob’eva Viktoriya Vladimirovna , Shabanov Petr Dmitrievich , Proshin Sergei Nikolaevich
Published: February 2016

Features of energy metabolism in children with cardiovascular diseases are of great practical importance. It is prognostically important to determine the status of the energy of cardiomyocytes to normalize bioenergetic deficit cardiomyocytes in rheumatoid arthritis, myocarditis, congenital heart diseases to decrease reduction in myocardial contractility and reduce precondition for the progression of heart failure. The experimental and clinical studies of the pathogenesis of idiopathic cardiomyopathy in children in recent years indicate directly the damage of oxidative phosphorylation in myocardial tissue due to decreased activity of the mitochondrial electron transport system. Numerous congenital diseases like syndrome Ivemark, Holt-Oram, Ellis-Van Creveld, Ivemark, Noonan, Greeg, Kugel-Stoloff, Werner, West, Adams-Stokes, MERRF include cardiomyopathy in their symptoms. Vibration-type model of hypoxic cell metabolism was suggested to estimate antihypoxant succinic acid as cardioprotective substance in in drug “Amber-antitoks” on rabbit cardiomyocytes. The experiment of bioenergy dependent reaction of native heart mitochondria was studied by polarographic method performed using a closed membrane Clarke’ electrode. Pharmacological drug “Amber-antitoks” in dose as 8.4 mg/kg prevents the formation of bioenergy dependent hypoxia of cardiomyocytes and restore the activity of NAD-dependent, and suppress hyperactivity suktsinat-degidrogenaze enzyme-substrate complex of the respiratory chain. It causes reduction of the severity of mitochondrial dysfunction and the degree of morphological myocardial tissue damage. The protective properties of drug “Amber-antitoks” allow to recommend it for using in the treatment in combination with other drugs of cardiovascular disease in children.
Hypoxenum in therapy of asthenic condition of alcohol abuse
Authors: Vostrikov Viktor Vasil’evich
Published: February 2016

At present the need for a comprehensive approach to the treatment of patients with addictive disorders unchallenged. The choice of pharmacological agents used for the relief of symptoms of the disease at different stages is quite wide. This indicates for the need to optimize the therapeutic approaches to apply differentiated complex programs for using a specific drug therapy in different groups of patients. In recent years the great interest was attracted to pharmacological means and methods for improving utilization by the organism of oxygen circulating in it, reducing the oxygen demand of organs and tissues, thereby contributing to reduction of hypoxia and increase resistance to oxygen deficiency. Hypoxenum was allowed for medical use since 1996 year. Hypoxenum is able to both increase efficiency of oxygen use by mechanism of coupling effect due to a specific interaction with a first set of the respiratory chain of mitochondria and alter the conformation of the porphyrin resulting in decreased affinity for oxygen. Simultaneously the modification of ion transportation system in erythrocyte takes place. As a result the oxygen associated with hemoglobin easily desorbed and diffused into the cells and CO2, otherwise, more intensively binds porphyrin complex of erythrocytes. In our study we reproduced a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, comparative clinical study of the efficacy hypoxenum (0.5 g/day, 14 days) after the relief of alcohol withdrawal in 40 patients with alcohol abuse. Our study revealed a pronounced effect of the drug on emotional and motivational status of patients. It was concluded that hipoxenum possesses high efficiency in group of patients in the period of postabstinence.
The role of androgenous deficiency in the development of urolitiasis in experimental ethylenglycol rat model
Authors: Tagirov Nair Sabirovich , Trashkov Alexander Petrovich , Balashov Lev Dmitrievich , Balashov Nikita Alexeevich
Published: February 2016

In spite of high incidence of urolitiasis there is still no integral concept explaining all its causing factors and conditions as well as mechanisms of its development. Judging by the clinical observations one may suppose the androgenous deficiency might boost the formation of stones in the kidneys however there are no decisive proofs of androgenous deficiency role in concrement formation in kidney. These proofs may be yielded by means of a crude experimental model. 60 albino male rats were studied in “ethylenglycol” rat model reproducing urolithiasis for the assessment of androgenous deficiency effect on the development of this disease. “Ethyleneglycol” model of urolithiasis consisted of adding 1 % ethylene glycol solution to drinking water for 4 weeks. Androgenous deficiency was reproduced by castration. The experimental model has successfully produced urolithiasis with considerable disturbances in the structure and function of kidneys including microconcrement formation. Androgenous deficiency (castration) was shown to considerably boost the development of urolitiasis caused by ethylene glycol. In spite of similar morphological signs of urolitiasis in both experimental groups the androgenous deficiency caused by castration has been demonstrated to speed up and worsen the development of the disease. The microconcrements by the papilla of kidney in castrated rats with androgenous deficiency formed earlier and were multitudinous and larger in size than in experimental animals receiving 1 % ethylene glycol solution to drinking water for 4 weeks but without castration.
Liver transplantation in children and adults
Authors: Esaulenko Elena Vladimirovna , Sukhoruk Anastasiya Aleksandrovna
Published: February 2016

The article presents an analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature on the problems of liver transplantation in children and adults. Liver transplantation is performed for more than 50 years and it has become a reliable, rational way, and sometimes the only life-saving treatment for children and adults suffering from diffuse liver disease or unresectable tumors. Currently, the Russian Federation opened 14 centers for liver transplantation (in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Belgorod, Krasnodar, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhniy Novgorod), which is performed annually 200-240 operations. Estimated demand for the provision of this service is much higher: 52-64 center, and 2000-2500 operations per year. However, liver transplantation in children performs only in two centers in Moscow. Possibility of timely planning of liver transplantation in children of any age has now become a reality, but with a very limited capacity. Recently there has been improvement in diagnostic capabilities to identify various congenital and acquired diseases of the liver in children requiring liver transplantation. We can already predict the increase in demand for this type of surgery. In the North-Western Federal District is a center in which possible liver transplantation in adults, while the children’s opportunities for transplantation in the region do not have. The reasons leading to liver transplantation in children and adults are different. In adult practice dominated by cirrhosis in the outcome of chronic viral hepatitis B and C, whereas in children biliary atresia and congenital metabolic disorders.
Elegias de Sexto Propércio, por Guilherme Gontijo Flores
Authors: Cardoso Leandro Dorval
Published: February 2016

.
Cólera e outras emoções em "A árvore da vida" de T. Malick
Authors: Werner Christian
Published: February 2016

Esse texto discute o ﬁlme Tree of life (A árvore da vida) de T. Malick (2011), abordando sua composição fragmentária e as visões de mundo de suas personagens principais por meio da teoria das emoções de Aristóteles desenvolvida na Retórica. Mostra-se que sua deﬁnição da cólera é particularmente relevante para o ﬁlme em questão.