bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Impact of Pre-Salt on the Productivity of the Oil and Natural Gas Extraction Sector
Authors: Mendonça Mario Jorge Cardoso , Pereira Jr Amaro Olimpio , Pessanha José Francisco Moreira , Pereira Rodrigo Mendes , Hunt Julian David
Published: November 2024

Based on productivity and efficiency indicators, we investigated the performance of the Brazilian oil and gas exploration industry, comparing the performance of this sector with other industrial sectors. We associate productivity with the concept of total factor productivity (TFP), while efficiency is measured using the stochastic frontier production model. Our sample was assembled from the Annual Industrial Survey (PIA) for 29 Brazilian industrial sectors from 2007 to 2019. The results derived from both methods allow us to affirm that the policies resulting from the Pre-Salt have significantly boosted the oil and natural gas extraction sector in terms of technological progress and efficiency. Between 2007 and 2009, the sector was among the least efficient, ranking 29th. However, in 2019 it reached first place in terms of efficiency. This structural change, which began in 2010 as a result of the technological innovations resulting from investments in R&D, has undergone a change since 2010, reflected in the upward trend towards pre-salt exploration promoted by Petrobras, as well as the new regulatory framework and government incentives for oil exploration in Brazil. Unfortunately, these productivity gains have not been exported to other branches of industry connected to the oil industry.
Sex Differences in the Anxiolytic Properties of Common Cannabis Terpenes, Linalool and β‐Myrcene, in Mice
Authors: Wagner Jasmin , Gambell Ella , Gibbons Tucker , Martin Thomas J , Kaplan Joshua S
Published: November 2024

Volatile organic compounds, colloquially referred to as “terpenes”, are proposed to impact the therapeutic qualities that are traditionally ascribed to cannabis. However, the contribution of these terpenes in anxiety, at relevant levels and exposure methods common with cannabis use, is lacking empirical assessment. We tested the anxiolytic properties of two prominent cannabis terpenes, linalool and β-myrcene, in male and female mice using short duration vapor pulls to model human inhalation when combusting flower or vaping cannabis oil. We observed sex differences in the locomotor effects and anxiolytic properties of these terpenes that depended on their exposure characteristics. Both linalool and β-myrcene had anxiolytic effects in female mice when delivered in discrete vapor pulls over the course of 30 minutes. In male mice, only a single vapor hit containing linalool or β-myrcene had anxiolytic effects. The combination of sub-effective levels of linalool and the phytocannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), had synergistic anxiolytic effects in females, but these Entourage Effects between CBD and terpenes were absent with β-myrcene for females and for either terpene in males. Together, our findings reveal sex differences in the anxiolytic properties of common cannabis terpenes and highlight the benefits of unique combinations of CBD and terpenes in expanding the therapeutic dose window.
Effects of Decanol Blended Diesel Fuel on Engine Efficiency and Pollutant Emissions
Authors: Jang Kwonwoo , Yang Jeonghyeon , Kim Beomsoo , Kwon Jaesung
Published: November 2024

This study examined the effects of blending decanol, an oxygenated fuel, with diesel on diesel engine performance and emissions. Experiments were conducted on a single-cylinder engine at 1700 rpm and 2700 rpm, using diesel/decanol blends at 10%, 30%, and 50% by volume (D90de10, D70de30, D50de50). Results showed that brake thermal efficiency decreased with higher decanol ratios at low speeds. In contrast, brake specific fuel consumption and brake specific energy consumption increased due to decanol's lower calorific value. Regarding emissions, decanol blending reduced NOx, CO, HC, and smoke. NOx emissions were lowered by the cooling effect resulting from decanol's higher latent heat of vaporization and lower calorific value, especially at low speeds. CO and HC emissions declined as decanol's oxygen content promoted oxidation, reducing incomplete combustion. Smoke emissions were minimized in fuel-rich zones by preventing unburned carbon particle formation. This study highlights decanol's potential as an eco-friendly diesel blending option. Future work should optimize blending ratios and injection settings to enhance diesel engine performance.
11C-Labeling of a Flavone Extracted from a South American Native Species for Evaluation of Its Interaction with Gsk-3β
Authors: Zeni Maia , Santi Ma. Daniela , Arredondo Florencia , Reyes Laura , Bentura Manuela , Carvalho Diego , Peralta Mariana , Ortega Maria Gabriela , Abin-Carriquiry Juan A. , Martínez-Gonzalez Loreto , Gambini Juan Pablo , Duarte Pablo , Martinez Ana , Rey Ana , Giglio Javier
Published: November 2024

Natural products play a crucial role in drug discovery, primarily due to their structural complexity. The prenylated flavanone, glabranin ((S)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2-phenylchroman-4-one), isolated plant Dalea elegans, has demonstrated neuroprotective effects, attributed to its inhibition of GSK-3β as per our previous in silico studies. Given the enzyme's diverse functions and its potential as a target for neurodegenerative diseases, our group synthesized and evaluated an 11C-labeled derivative of glabranin. We present its in vitro biological activity, including IC50, neuronal uptake in Alzheimer’s-affected brain regions, key physicochemical properties, and animal studies. This study confirms [11C]FLA's interaction with GSK-3β in vitro, highlighting the potential of radiotracers in bioactive compound research.
Effects of Deer Browsing on Nutrient Cycling and Regeneration Dynamics in a Carolinian Old-Growth Forest of Ontario
Authors: Don Sarah , Anyomi Kenneth , Dudley Susan A.
Published: November 2024

Old growth forests are increasingly rare but important carbon sinks which harbour rich biodiversity. Chronic browsing by the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is a major problem in northern temperate forests where deer numbers have increased in recent decades driven by stricter hunting rules and reduced predation necessitating local monitoring of vegetation responses. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of deer exclusion on tree regeneration dynamics and soil nutrient cycling in an old growth Carolinian forest. This was done using exclusion fencing and tip-up mounds at McMaster Forest Nature Preserve and the Sheelah Dunn Dooley Nature Sanctuary in Hamilton Ontario. Tree regeneration was surveyed from thirty 1m x 1m quadrats within exclusion plots and another thirty quadrats from deer browsed areas adjacent to the exclusion plots. Soil samples were taken from each quadrat to analyze browsing impacts on nitrate, phosphate and soil organic matter. Red oak (Quercus rubra) was planted at the top and base of tip-up mounds of varying heights and widths and monitored for deer access and browsing activity. Results show a significantly higher density of woody plants within exclosures compared to non-exclosures (p=0.0089) and twice more abundance of highly palatable species within the exclosures. However, species richness (p > 0.05) and diversity (p > 0.05) were minimally impacted by deer browsing showing a resilient old growth forest. Soil nitrate was consistently higher in the non-exclosures while phosphate was consistently higher within deer exclosures. Finally, more seedlings survived at the top of mounds than the bases showing the potential of tip-up mounds to be a natural method of deer exclusion and a critical avenue for restoring over-browsed forests.
The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Key Mechanisms Driving Glymphopathy and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Che Mohd Nassir Che Mohd Nasril , Che Ramli Muhammad Danial , Mohamad Ghazali Mazira , Jaffer Usman , Abdul Hamid Hafizah , Mehat Muhammad Zulfadli , Hein Zaw Myo
Published: November 2024

The human microbiota constitutes a very complex ecosystem of microorganisms inhabiting both the inside and outside of our bodies, in which health maintenance and disease modification are the main regulatory features. The recent explosion of microbiome research has begun to detail its important role in neurological health, particularly concerning cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), a disorder associated with cognitive decline and vascular dementia. This narrative review represents state-of-the-art knowledge of the intimate, complex interplay between microbiota and brain health through the gut-brain axis (GBA) and the emerging role of the glymphatic system dysfunction (glymphopathy) and circulating cell-derived microparticles (MPs) as mediators of these interactions. We discuss how microbial dysbiosis promotes neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction, and impaired waste clearance in the brain which are critical factors in the pathogenesis of CSVD. Further, we discuss lifestyle factors that shape the microbiota composition and functionality, focusing on sleep as a modifiable risk factor in neurological disorders. This narrative review places recent microbiome research into a neuroscientific and vascular perspective to establish future therapeutic avenues in targeting the microbiota to improve brain health and reduce the burden of CSVD.
Morphological Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Amphibian Species Across Brazilian Biomes: A Comprehensive View
Authors: Montgomery Richard  Murdoch
Published: November 2024

Brazil harbors one of the world’s richest amphibian faunas, with over 1,000 described species exhibiting remarkable morphological diversity. This review synthesizes current knowledge of amphibian morphological variation across Brazilian biomes, analyzing patterns of phenotypic diversity in relation to habitat type, life history strategies, and phylogenetic relationships. Our analysis reveals distinct morphological adaptations associated with specific microhabitats within major biomes, from the arboreal specialists of the Atlantic Forest to the fossorial species of the Cerrado. We identify several morphological convergence patterns among distantly related taxa occupying similar ecological niches, particularly in traits related to locomotion and reproductive modes. The study highlights previously undocumented morphological variations in several species complexes and describes novel anatomical features in recently discovered taxa. These findings contribute to our understanding of amphibian evolution in megadiverse tropical regions and have important implications for conservation strategies targeting morphologically unique populations.
Pharmaceutical Public Health: A Mixed Method Study Exploring Pharmacy Professionals’ Advanced Roles in Public Health, Including the Barriers and Enablers
Authors: Ashiru-Oredope Diane , Osman Roeann , Ayeni Adeola H , Harvey Eleanor J , Nasim Maria , Wright Emma , Narh Christina , Okereke Uju , Harrison Tasmin , Garland Christopher , Pyper Cecilia , Evans Andrew , Bennie Marion
Published: November 2024

Background: In the UK pharmacy professionals (pharmacists and pharmacy technicians) contribute to the delivery of local and national public or population health interventions. Existing literature predominantly focuses on micro-level activities, primarily in community pharmacies typically delivering public health interventions to individuals. Despite their sizeable daily interaction, there is little-known evidence on pharmacy professionals’ (PPs) involvement at meso and macro levels nor to what extent pharmacy professionals have specialist/advanced roles within public health practice. This mixed method study presents recommendations for future action. The study explored pharmacy professionals’ specialist/advanced roles within public health as well as their opportunities and barriers to career development. Method: The study included two surveys (for pharmacy professionals and public health professionals (PhPs)), a call for evidence and two workshops to develop recommendations. Pharmacy professionals (n=128) and public health professionals (n= 54) across the UK participated in the survey. Results: The majority of PP respondents were females (70%); pharmacists (85%), working in primary (33%) or secondary (25%) care settings, mainly based in England (75%), most (63%) lacked formal public health qualifications, although they were involved in a diverse range of public health interventions. The PhPs were mostly females (67%), practicing in England (58%). Both professional groups identified opportunities and barriers to pharmacy professionals' involvement in public health. Almost half or the PhP respondents (44%) stated that they had a pharmacy professional working as part of their current public health teams. Eighty-seven per cent of PhP respondents (45/52) agreed that having pharmacists or pharmacy technicians specialising in public health would be beneficial or very beneficial. Most documents, reports, case histories provided through the call for evidence were unpublished. The workshops generated 94 recommendations, highlighting collaboration and the need to acknowledge pharmacy professionals' contributions to public health. Conclusion: The recommendations for action had three main themes: national strategic approach and commissioning, workforce development and further pharmaceutical public health evidence reviews research.
Sigma-1 Receptor modulates CFA-Induced Inflammatory Pain via Sodium Channels in Small DRG Neurons
Authors: Song Yuanlong , Xu Zifen , Zhang Liangpin , Gao Linlin
Published: November 2024

The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) has emerged as a significant target in the realm of pain management and has been the subject of extensive research. Nonetheless, its specific function in inflammatory pain within dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons remains inadequately elucidated. This study utilized whole-cell patch clamp techniques, single-cell real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry to examine the influence of Sig-1R on inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in a rat model. Our results revealed several key findings: 1) The expression of Sig-1R was found to be upregulated during the progression of inflammatory pain, with a notable translocation from the cytoplasm to the membrane; 2) Inhibition of peripheral Sig-1R using S1RA resulted in a reduction of CFA-induced allodynia; 3) Activation of Sig-1R through PRE-084 led to a decrease in the fast sodium current in isolated DRG neurons from CFA-treated rats, which was associated with a diminished action potential (AP) peak and maximum depolarizing rate (MDR), as well as an increased rheobase; 4) Furthermore, PRE-084 was observed to enhance the slow component of the sodium current, resulting in hyperpolarization of the threshold potential and an increase in AP firing frequency, alongside an elevation in the mRNA expression of the slow sodium channel Nav1.9 in CFA-treated rats. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the modulation of sodium channels by Sig-1R in DRG neurons plays a significant role in the mechanisms underlying inflammatory pain.
Study on Optimal Charging Current Protocol with Multi-Stage Constant Current Using Dandelion Optimizer for Time- Domain Modeled Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Han Seongik
Published: November 2024

This study utilized a multi-stage constant current (MSCC) charge protocol to identify the optimal current pattern (OCP) for effectively charging lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) using a Dandelion optimizer (DO). A Thevenin equivalent circuit model (ECM) was implemented to simulate an actual LiB with the ECM parameters estimated from offline time response data obtained through a hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) test. For the first time, DO was applied to me-taheuristic optimization algorithms (MOAs) to determine the OCP within the MSCC protocol. A composite objective function that incorporates both charging time and charging temperature was constructed to facilitate the use of DO in obtaining the OCP. To verify the performance of the proposed method, various algorithms, including the constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) technique, formula method (FM), particle swarm optimization (PSO), war strategy op-timization (WSO), jellyfish search algorithm (JSA), grey wolf optimization (GWO), beluga whale optimization (BWO), levy flight distribution algorithm (LFDA), and African gorilla troops op-timizer (AGTO), were introduced. Based on the OCP extracted from simulations using these MOAs for the specified ECM model, a charging experiment was conducted on the Panasonic NCR18650PF LiB to evaluated the charging performance in terms of charging time, temperature, and efficiency. The results demonstrate that the proposed DO technique offers superior charging performance compared to other charging methods.
A Qualitative Exploration of Relations Between Salutogenesis and Persistent Music Performance Among Refugees Resettled in the United States
Authors: Muriithi Bernard Austin Kigunda , Muriithi Jennifer
Published: November 2024

In its broadest meaning, salutogenesis denotes an orientation toward the origins and assets for positive health, as opposed to the origins and risk factors associated with disease (which is termed pathogenesis). While salutogenesis continues to inspire health promotion, it has been noted that qualitative studies can further its understanding and broaden its use in research, clinical practice, and policies. The present study is based on an analysis of more than 7.5 hours of structured and unstructured recorded interviews with six refugee musicians. Applying interpretive phenomenological analysis, we comparatively explored the factors contributing to persistence in music between participants. Five factors were found: a) long-term participation and identity as musicians; b) desirable effects of music performance; c) competence, talent, and social recognition; d) management of social and cultural differences; and e) locally organized refugee events. The links between music performance and salutogenesis include: 1) inclusion of salutogenic orientation (in addition to pathogenic orientation) toward health; 2) that music invigorated generalized resistance resources so that their expression was augmented, steady, and enduring; and 3) that a high sense of coherence was demonstrated. Music had a major role in fostering sense of coherence and promoting health and well-being.
Sustained Seropositivity of Varicella in Healthy Populations in Guangzhou, China
Authors: He Qing , Zhu Pinting , Xu Yang , Li Yilan , Luo Lei
Published: November 2024

A seroepidemiological study conducted from 2020 to 2022 in Guangzhou, China, aimed to evaluate varicella antibody levels. We measured varicella antibody concentrations using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a cohort of 3,300 subjects. The mean varicella IgG-specific antibody level was 171.2 mIU/mL (95% CI: 158.9, 184.4), with an overall positivity rate of 67.00% (95% CI: 65.37, 68.60). Varicella antibody levels were found to be influenced by age, vaccination dosage, and history of varicella infection. Notably, antibody concentrations increased with age and the number of vaccinations. Subjects with a vaccination history maintained positive antibody levels six years post-vaccination. We recommend two doses of the varicella vaccine for both children and adults. Before incorporating the varicella vaccine into Guangzhou's routine immunization programs, a comprehensive assessment of disease burden and the economic viability of vaccination strategies is essential.
Characterization of Carotenoid Profiles and Presence of Functional Markers in Sub-Tropical Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines
Authors: Amoah Peter , Unachukwu Nnanna , Ilesanmi Oluyinka , Adetimirin Victor O. , Menkir Abebe
Published: November 2024

Biofortification is a promising, cost effective and sustainable strategy to mitigate micronutrient deficiencies and related health complications. The principal aims of the study encompassed the quantification of the carotenoid content of 147 maize inbred lines, the identification of variable regions within the ZEP1 gene, the correlation of these observed variances in the presence of this gene with carotenoid content, and to identify lines harboring the favorable alleles for the crtRB1 gene. The correlations observed among the carotenoids synthesized by specific branch of the biosynthetic pathway were both significant and positive. Utilizing gel-based genotyping, 24 lines with contrasting carotenoid profiles were selected, evaluated and sequenced. Analysis of the variation in the sequence classified these lines into distinct groups. The findings highlight that inbred lines both group 1 and group 8 exhibited significant associations with the carotenoid content of the lines. Specifically, ZEP1_7852, a discernible variation belonging to group 8, was significantly associated with zeaxanthin content and total carotenoid content. Twenty-five inbred lines with provitamin A content surpassing 15 μg/g that harbor the favorable alleles of the crtRB1 gene were identified using KASP SNP zm0016. These lines can be used as donor parents for further enhancement of provitamin A in maize.
Assessing the Concept of Depenalization Policy in Handling Criminal Cases of Narcotics Abuse
Authors: Sumajow Inry Rohany
Published: November 2024

Alternatives to criminalization for the simple possession of illicit drugs are increasingly of interest to policy makers. But there is no existing theoretically based, empirically tested framework that can inform development and evaluation. Type of the study is normative-legal research by using philosophical, case, and conceptual approach. The results show that the state and government have obligation to provide legal protection against narcotics abusers. Abusers are citizen who must be fulfilled their rights. A narcotics abuser is a perpetrator as well as a victim of a criminal offense. For this reason, all law enforcement officials and all elements of society must have a similar understanding and perspective that narcotics abusers are victims not perpetrators of crime. Depenalization means relation of the penal sanction provided for by law. In the case of drugs, and cannabis in particular, depenalization generally signifies the eliminations of custodial penalties. Hence, although drug use is still a criminal offence, depenalization does not mean that possession or use of drugs will be subject to a prison sentence. This applies even when there may be other criminal sanctions, such as fines, police records, or probation.
Video Head Impulse Test Coherence Predicts Vertigo Recovery in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss With Vertigo
Authors: Lin Sheng-Chiao , Lin Ming-Yee , Kang Bor-Hwang , Lin Yaoh-Shiang , Liu Yu-Hsi , Yin Chi-Yuan , Lin Po-Shing , Lin Che-Wei
Published: November 2024

Objectives. Labyrinthitis significantly reduces quality of life due to prolonged vestibular symptoms in patients experiencing sudden sensorineural hearing loss with vertigo (SSNHLV). This study employed a novel coherence analysis in the video head impulse test (vHIT) to explore vertigo outcomes in SSNHLV patients.Methods. A retrospective review was conducted on 48 SSNHLV patients who completed high-dose steroid treatment between December 2016 and April 2023. Additionally, 38 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled from November 2022 to April 2023 at our academic tertiary referral center. The magnitude-squared wavelet coherence between eye and head velocities during the vHIT was measured to assess correlations across frequency bands. Recovery from vertigo, determined by a visual analog scale (VAS) score of 0 at both 2 weeks and 2 months, was analyzed using multivariable Cox regression.Results. The mean VAS for patients with SSNHLV was 5.73±2.45. Higher coherent frequencies in the horizontal semicircular canal (SCC), posterior SCC, and the mean and minimal coherent frequencies of all three SCCs combined were significantly associated with early complete remission of vertigo 2 weeks posttreatment. In the multivariate analysis, the minimal coherent frequency among the three SCCs emerged as an independent factor (hazard ratio, 2.040; 95% CI, 1.776–2.304). Two months posttreatment, in addition to the previously significant parameters, abnormalities in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in the posterior SCC, gains in the horizontal and posterior SCCs, total and overt saccades in the horizontal SCC, coherent frequency in the anterior SCC, and mean VOR gain of all three SCCs combined were also statistically significantly related to total relief from vertigo.Conclusion. The highest minimal coherent frequency among the three SCCs significantly contributed to earlier vertigo relief in patients with SSNHLV. Coherence analysis in vHIT may offer greater sensitivity than time series analysis for predicting the prognosis of vertigo.
A tutela provisória de indisponibilidade de bens no regime da lei de improbidade administrativa
Authors: Nascimento Dijeison Tiago Rios , Quintas Fábio Lima
Published: November 2024

This study aims to analyze the constitutionality of the current regime of provisional protection of unavailability of assets, sanctioned in the Brazilian legal system by Law n. 14,230/2021. The methodology used in the investigation was descriptive-exploratory, with emphasis on the analysis of the legal arguments built over the last 20 years by doctrine and jurisprudence. Firstly, the contours of administrative impropriety in the national order and the jurisprudential, doctrinal and legal aspects related to the precautionary measure of unavailability of assets in actions of improbity were presented. Next, the essential characteristics of precautionary measures within the scope of Civil and Criminal Procedure were discussed, which contributed to the analysis of the constitutionality of the current regime of provisional protection of unavailability of assets. Finally, in the last topic, an analysis was made of the constitutionality of the new regime of provisional protection of unavailability of assets in actions of administrative improbity, concluding that the new legal device, which demands the presence of the double requirement of precautionary measures (fumus boni iuris and periculum in mora), is the one that best conforms to the legal principles in force in the Brazilian normative system.
Our Impact on Global Warming
Authors: Eidmann Annette , Geiger Felicitas , Heinz Tizian , Jakuscheit Axel , Docheva Denitsa , Horas Konstantin , Stratos Ioannis , Rudert Maximilian
Published: November 2024

Background:

The health-care sector and particularly the surgical sector are major contributors to the exacerbation of the global climate crisis. Little is known about the carbon emissions caused by surgical procedures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the carbon footprint associated with common orthopaedic surgical procedures.

Methods:

Eight surgical procedures (total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, knee arthroscopy, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, shoulder arthroscopy, elective foot surgery, revision hip arthroplasty, and revision knee arthroplasty) were selected for analysis. The inventory process was performed according to the Greenhouse Gas Protocol for all activity occurring in the operating room.

Results:

The carbon footprint (in CO2 equivalents, CO2e) ranged between 53.5 kg for knee arthroscopy and 125.9 kg for revision knee arthroplasty. Energy consumption accounted for 57.5% of all emissions, followed by other indirect emissions (38.8%) and direct emissions (3.7%). The largest single contributors were the supply chain (34.6%) and energy consumption for ventilation, heating, and air conditioning (32.7%).

Conclusions:

Orthopaedic surgical procedures produce considerable amounts of CO2. Reduction in and greening of energy consumption, as well as the decarbonization of the supply chain, would have the greatest impact in reducing the carbon footprint of orthopaedic surgical procedures.

Clinical Relevance:

Orthopaedic surgical procedures contribute to the climate crisis by emitting relevant amounts of CO2. It should therefore be imperative for all orthopaedic surgeons to endeavor to find solutions to mitigate the environmental impact of their practice.
Heart Shape to Fracture Distance: Characterizing Hydraulic Fracture Propagation before Hits
Authors: Li Peiyao , Jin Ge , Hammack Richard , Kohnke Colton , Wu Kan
Published: November 2024

Estimating the distance from the hydraulic fracture tip to the monitor well can be useful for fracture characterization, well spacing optimization, and preventing parent-child well interference. A heart-shaped signal is referred to as the extensional precursor of a fracture hit recorded by crosswell strain measurements and can serve as a vital tool for such estimation. This study incorporates the 3D displacement discontinuity method (DDM) to understand the impact of fracture geometry and monitor well offset on the heart-shaped signal’s characteristics. Results from numerical simulation and analytical solutions reveal a strong linear correlation between the spatial extent of the heart-shaped signal and the fracture tip distance. This relationship was further developed to predict tip distance using field data from the Hydraulic Fracture Test Site 2 (HFTS2). A reasonable approximation result from field data further validates the methodology. In addition, it is worth noting that the estimation accuracy depends on the ratio between fracture dimension and tip distance. The findings of this study offer a novel approach for real-time monitoring and characterizing hydraulic fracture propagation, which can be further used for well spacing optimization in unconventional and enhanced geothermal system reservoir development, as well as caprock integrity monitoring for carbon sequestration projects.
An Aptamer and hydroxyapatite-silver-zinc oxide (HAP-Ag-ZnO) based novel electrochemical sensor for ultrasensitive H pylori detection
Authors: Rafique Saima , Akram Rizwan , Nasir Rubina , Naz Nafeesa , Shafique Adnan , Bashir Shazia , Haq Zeenat
Published: November 2024

A novel approach based on aptamer recognition was developed for the detection of Hsp 60. The aptasensor was developed using Hap-Ag-ZnO composites on GCE along with polythiophene (PP), as a conductive polymer to improve proficiency. The Hap-Ag-ZnO-PP composites have multiple functional group sites that facilitate aptamer immobilization on the GCE. This would increase the sensitivity, stability, and dynamic range of the developed aptasensor. EIS, CV, and SWV were employed to examine the performance of aptasensor. The decrease in electron transfer was observed as Hsp 60 protein interacted with the aptamer. A calibration curve was plotted between the peak current and the concentration of Hsp 60. The fabricated aptasensor showed an outstanding detection limit of 0.043 nM and a wide dynamic range of 0.05-300 nM. Moreover, the Hap-Ag-ZnO-polythiophene-based aptasensor exhibits exceptional reproducibility, repeatability, quick response time (20 min), good selectivity, and excellent stability (electrochemical and storage). Therefore, the prepared sensitive aptasensor provides a promising platform for clinical diagnostics and H pylori detection in real-world applications.
Synthetic CT generation from CBCT and MRI using the StarGAN in Pelvic Region
Authors: Wongtrakool Paritt , Puttanawarut Chanon , Changkaew Pimolpun , Piasanthia Supakiet , Earwong Pareena , Stansook Nauljun , Khachonkham Suphalak
Published: November 2024

Background
This study evaluates StarGAN, a deep learning model designed to generate synthetic CT (sCT) images from MRI and CBCT data via a single model. The goal is to provide accurate Hounsfield Unit (HU) data for dose calculation and compare StarGAN's performance to CycleGAN.
Methods
StarGAN and CycleGAN were trained on a pelvic cancer dataset consisting of 23 training, 5 validation, and 5 testing cases. The evaluation involved qualitative and quantitative analyses, with a focus on synthetic image quality and dose distribution calculations.
Results
For sCT generated from CBCT, the StarGAN demonstrated superior anatomical preservation in qualitative evaluations. Quantitatively, CycleGAN exhibited lower mean absolute error (MAE) values for body (42.77 ± 4.28 HU), soft tissue (36.97 ± 3.87 HU), and bone (138.17 ± 20.29), whereas StarGAN presented higher MAE values (50.81 ± 5.16 HU, 44.57 ± 5.14 HU, 153.36 ± 27.67 HU, respectively). Dosimetric evaluations revealed a mean dose difference (DD) within 2% for planning the target volume (PTV) and body, with a gamma passing rate (GPR) > 90% under 2%/2 mm criteria. For sCT generated from MRI, qualitative evaluation also favored StarGAN's anatomical preservation. The CycleGAN resulted in lower MAEs (79.77 ± 13.96 HU, 70.14 ± 16.26 HU, and 253.62 ± 30.85 HU), whereas the StarGAN resulted in higher MAEs (94.65 ± 7.41 HU, 80.75 ± 9.60 HU, and 353.58 ± 34.85 HU). Both models achieved a mean DD within 2% in the PTV and body, and GPR > 90%.
Conclusion
While CycleGAN exhibited superior quantitative metrics, StarGAN was better in terms of anatomical preservation, highlighting its potential for sCT generation in radiotherapy.
Explaining the position of aesthetics in Iran’s nursing leadership
Authors: poursaadat newsha , cheraghi mohammad ali , Esmaeili Maryam , hajibabaee fatemeh
Published: November 2024

Background and objective: Aesthetics can be explained and investigated in two contexts of beauty and sublimity. Aesthetics is often considered as a specific method of sensory perception or experience. Findings of qualitative studies should be used to objectify aesthetics in all areas of nursing, including management and leadership. This study was conducted in 2023 to explain the position of aesthetics in Iran’s nursing leadership in the teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Method: This is a descriptive and qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach suggested by Granheim and Lundman. Research community included the leadership and management team of hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Semi-structured and face-to-face individual interviews (28 in total) were conducted with the participants ( director nurses and supervisors and head nurses) to collect the data. purposeful and snowball methods were used for the sampling, which continued until data saturation.
Findings: A total of 1482 codes were extracted from 28 interviews, which were later summarized in three main categories (aesthetic thought, aesthetic speech and aesthetic action) and nine subcategories.
Conclusion: This study consolidates the findings of previous studies in terms of theoretical foundations of aesthetic leadership in the literature, and in regard to methodology, it facilitates the complementation of aesthetic nursing leadership model in the health care system. Therefore, it can help to objectify and explain the concepts of beauty and sublimity in the organizational life of nursing leaders in Iran's health care system.
Synergistic interaction between microbial nitrogen fixation and iron reduction in the environment
Authors: Li Ping , Liu Xiaohan , Bao Keman , Wang Yaqi , Wang Helin , Wang Yanhong , Jiang Zhou , Yang Yi , Yuan Songhu , Kappler Andreas , Wang Yanxin
Published: November 2024

Nitrogen (N) and iron (Fe) are essential but often limiting nutrients in ecosystems. Microbial nitrogen fixation (MNF) by diazotrophs and dissimilatory ferric iron (Fe(Ⅲ)) reduction (DIR) are environmentally friendly processes that sustain N and Fe availability. However, the interactions between these processes remain unclear. This study demonstrates a synergistic relationship between MNF and DIR in both laboratory and field settings. N fixation significantly increased heterotrophic Fe(Ⅲ)-reducing rates in diazotrophic DIR bacteria (DIRB) Klebsiella sp. N7 and Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA by 14.7- and 3.3-fold, respectively, while Fe(Ⅲ) reduction enhanced 15N fixation by up to 100%. Similar synergies were found between diazotroph Azospirillum humicireducens SgZ-5T and DIRB Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that N fixation upregulated genes associated with anaerobic respiration, accelerating Fe(Ⅲ) reduction through N supply. Simultaneously, Fe(Ⅲ) reduction provided the energy and electrons required for N fixation derived from the oxidation of organic carbon. These findings, validated across environmental samples from aquifers, hot springs, marine sediments, and soils, provide new insights into the coupled N, Fe, and C cycles in natural ecosystems.
A Public health wound: health and work among children engaged in worst forms of child labour in the informal sector in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a retrospective analysis of Médecins Sans Frontières Occupational health data from 2014 to 2023.
Authors: Caleo Grazia , Sadique Sohana , Yuce Didem , Dada Martins , Benvenuti Bianca , Joseph Jobin , Malden Debbie , Velivela Kalyan , Chowdhury Salim Mahmud , Mayienga Christabel , Shenjuti Tasmia , Sadacharamani Gayathrie , Masum Rezwanur Rahman , Sherlock Mark , Atim Hamza , Keating Patrick
Published: November 2024

Background: Bangladesh has the second highest burden of child labour in South Asia. The informal sector employs most of the children however, evidence and data on health including injuries and place of work for children are limited. As the deadline for the Sustainable Development Goals to end child labour by 2025 is approaching, it is paramount to document the impact of child labour on health. This study aims to contribute to this knowledge gap by presenting medical data from occupational health clinics set up by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in an urban area of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Methods: We did a retrospective analysis of health care records of children attending MSF occupational health clinics between February 2014 and December 2023 in Dhaka. We stratified the analysis by gender and age (<14 years and ≥14-<18 years). We looked at morbidities according to type of factory, whether children reported working with machinery, and examined nutritional and mental health (2018-2023) status.
Results: Over the study period, there were 10,200 occupational health consultations among children <18 years, of which 4945 were new/first time consultations. The average age of children attending their first consultation was 14.7 years, of which 61% were male. Fifteen percent reported living inside the factory. Musculoskeletal (26%) and dermatological (20%) were the most identified conditions, and 7.5% of consultations were for work-related injuries. Almost all children reported operating machinery. A higher proportion of male children had injuries (11% vs 2.5% in girls). Children working in metal factories accounted for most injuries (65%). Mood-related disorders accounted for 86% of the 51 mental health consultations. Half of all children were malnourished with higher levels in boys and those <14 years. Specific gender and age vulnerabilities were documented.
Conclusions
Findings suggest that children face hazardous realities, engaged in the worst form of labour, bearing important morbidity and injury burden. Weak enforcement of labour regulations in the informal sector ultimately enables child exploitation and suffering. Further research is essential to explore the intersectional dimensions of child labour, such as gender, age, and disability, to inform interventions aimed at eliminating child labour and its severe consequences in this and similar contexts.
Pressure-Induced Phase Transitions in Bilayer La3Ni2O7
Authors: Xie Weiwei , Xu Mingyu , Jose Greeshma , Rutherford Aya , Wang Haozhe , Zhang Stephen , Cava Robert , Zhou Haidong , Bi Wenli
Published: November 2024

La3Ni2O7 exists in two polymorphs: an unconventional structure with alternating layers of single- and triple-layered nickel-oxygen octahedra, and a classical double-layered Ruddlesden-Popper phase. In this study, we report the growth of single crystals of classical double-layered La3Ni2O7 using the floating zone method. Structural characterization under pressures up to 15.4 GPa reveals a gradual transition from orthorhombic to tetragonal symmetry near 12 GPa. Additionally, we present pressure and field-dependent electrical resistance measurements under pressures as high as 27.4 GPa, from which we construct a phase diagram.
Impact of the canine osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment on immune cell composition and gene expression profiles
Authors: Ammons Dylan , Harris Adam , Chow Lyndah , Dow Steven
Published: November 2024

Immune cells play key roles in host responses to malignant tumors. The selective pressure that immune cells elicit on tumors promotes immune escape, while tumor associated modulation of immune cells creates an environment favorable to tumor growth and progression. In this study we used publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from the translationally relevant canine osteosarcoma (OS) model to compare tumor infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) to circulating leukocytes. Through computational analysis we investigated the differences in cell type proportions and how the OS TME impacted TIL transcriptomic profiles relative to circulating leukocytes. Differential abundance analysis revealed increased proportions of follicular helper T cells and mature regulatory dendritic cells (mregDCs) in the OS TME. Differential gene expression analysis identified exhaustion markers (LAG3, HAVCR1, PDCD1) to be upregulated in CD4 and CD8 T cells within the OS TME. Comparisons of B cell gene expression profiles revealed an enrichment of protein processing and endoplasmic reticulum pathways, suggesting infiltrating B cells were activated and participating in antigen presentation. Gene expression changes within myeloid cells identified increased expression of immune suppressive molecules (CD274, OSM, MSR1) in the OS TME, supporting their role as immunosuppressors. Comparisons to human literature revealed similar immune modulation in canine and human OS, further supporting the dog as a model for studies investigating novel immunotherapeutics. Overall, the analysis presented here provides new insights into how the OS TME impacts the transcriptional programs of major immune cell populations in dogs.
Large Eddy Simulation of Air-Propane Premixed Combustion in a Curved Duct
Authors: moshir Ghasem , Mostofizadeh Alireza , Bazazzadeh Mehrdad , Taleghani Arash Shams
Published: November 2024

Centrifugal force induction in the flow field during premixed combustion significantly influences flame propagation speed and temperature distribution. This study employs large-eddy simulation to analyze air-propane premixed combustion within a curved duct featuring a square cross-section and a step in the outer wall. The numerical analysis was conducted using OpenFOAM software. The original case was examined at two distinct inlet velocities (4 m/s and 40 m/s). Computational chemiluminescence and shadowgraph images were compared with experimental data, demonstrating satisfactory accuracy. The curvature of the duct geometry induces centrifugal forces within the flow field. Additionally, the density difference between combustion products and reactants generates Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which causes wrinkling and corrugation of the flame surface. At higher inlet velocities, both the induced centrifugal force and the degree of wrinkling increased, leading to an enhanced flame surface area and improved temperature distribution at the duct outlet. Two additional duct designs were developed to investigate the effects of flow rotation and curvature radius. The temperature distribution at the outlet for the two newly designed ducts and the primary duct was found to be nearly identical; however, the flame surface area exhibited significant improvement. Notably, the maximum flame propagation speed was observed in the configuration with a higher curvature radius.
Sustainability in Professional Development: Manifestations and Reliefs of Technology Anxiety among Mandarin Chinese Teachers in the Era of Digital Intelligence
Authors: Tang Kun , Ma Honghai , Wu Ya'nan
Published: November 2024

With the rapid development and practical application of digital intelligence technology in many fields of human society, the integration trend of digital intelligence technology with Mandarin Chinese education is inevitable. Digital intelligence technology seems to have also placed a psychological and physical burden on teachers when providing them with convenience. Focusing on the technology anxiety of Mandarin Chinese teachers, this research discussed the manifestations and generation of their technology anxiety in the era of digital intelligence through in-depth interviews with 25 Mandarin Chinese teachers and classroom observations. The results indicated that the technology anxiety of Mandarin Chinese teachers manifested as cognitive dilemma anxiety caused by the distorted cognition of technology and technology iteration, technology-induced obstacle anxiety caused by invisible technology obstacles and the reform of teaching empowered by technology, career development anxiety caused by the weak renewal of teachers’ technology knowledge and skills and deviation of intelligent education expectations, and ethical security anxiety caused by anomie of artificial intelligence and technology risk prevention and management. This irrational psychological state was the result of interactions between Mandarin Chinese teachers and technology influenced by a series of cognitive, emotional, and social factors. On the basis of this, the following suggestions for relieving such anxiety include exploring and adopting diverse measures to help teachers hold positive technology cognition and value-evaluation viewpoints, taking the cultivation of intelligent education knowledge and practical ability as the core to improve teachers' intelligent education literacy, exploring a new model of human‒machine collaborative education and bringing teachers' professional advantages to full play in the era of digital intelligence, and providing guidance for intelligent education technology to instruct teachers to correctly understand and address ethical security problems derived from technology.
Single-Cell Multiome Impact of Prenatal Heavy Metal Exposure on Early Airway Development
Authors: Hu Xin , Minasenko Boris , Wang Dongxue , Chan Jessica , Ly ViLinh , Gauthier Theresa , Marsit Carmen , Jones Dean , Go Young-Mi , Wongtrakool Cherry , Su Chang
Published: November 2024

Prenatal exposure to environmental hazards such as cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) can severely impair fetal lung development, leading to lifelong adverse effects. As two of the most common and toxic heavy metals, Cd and As pose significant risks to pregnant women in many communities through food and water consumption. We have shown that prenatal co-exposure to Cd and As at levels relevant to human intake inhibits branching morphogenesis, yet cell type-specific mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we examined early embryonic lungs (E12) from mice exposed prenatally to either 0 (control) or 250 (treated) ppb of both Cd and As. Through single-cell multiome sequencing (scATAC-seq + scRNA-seq) and high-resolution metabolomics, we present a multifaceted landscape of Cd and As-induced molecular and cellular disruption. We identified 19 cell states exhibiting state-specific changes in gene expression related to cell proliferation and differentiation. Velocity analysis integrating RNA splicing and chromatin kinetics showed profound disruptions in cell fate, particularly affecting differentiation of Sox2+ proximal progenitors and Wnt2+ mesenchymal progenitors. Gene regulatory network analysis pinpointed the diminished function of Gata6 and Gli2 as central to these disruptions, which was further confirmed by their reduced protein expression in exposed E12, E14.5 and E17 lungs. Additionally, metabolomic alterations in polyamine, tyrosine and fatty acid biosynthesis correlated with changes in gene expression of catalytic enzymes. These findings demonstrate that Cd and As at levels relevant to human exposure impair early airway formation across multiple regulatory levels, including chromatin accessibility, transcription and cell metabolism, and provide insights into the factors governing cell resilience during this critical, vulnerable stage of lung development.