bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El personaje campesino en Aristófanes y su acción ético-política
Authors: Gallego Arroyave Carlos Andrés
Published: April 2017

El campesino ateniense, como sujeto histórico y, también, como personaje del teatro cómico de Aristófanes, fue figura central y esencial en el transcurso del siglo V a. C., dado que su postura ético-social permaneció intacta y óptima frente a los padecimientos bélicos de Atenas, por lo cual tomó un carácter de idealización tanto en su posición de ciudadano como en las personificaciones de la comedia aristofánica. Este artículo analiza la manera como Aristófanes configura en el hombre rural el sujeto idealmente ético y político que necesita la polis ateniense para reconstruirse y transformarse. Esta percepción del campesino en Aristófanes otorga una ilación con los sucesos tanto del ciudadano como de la ciudad, y le brinda al lector una lectura histórica distinta de los eventos que padeció Atenas durante la guerra del Peloponeso.
Energy Analysis and Modeling Study of Combined Activated Carbon-Silica Gel/Methanol Adsorption Ice Production System
Authors: Ali Majd , Ajib Salman
Published: April 2017

In this article, the transient modelling for a new construction of the Adsorption cold production was investigated. This system, named in this work the combined Adsorption Ice Production system (com-AIP system), was filled by both silica gel (SG) and activated carbon (AC) together in one adsorption reactor as the adsorbent and methanol as the adsorbate and refrigerant. A fined-tube heat exchanger was designed (named combined adsorption reactor) in order to contain two different adsorbents in the adsorption reactor and increase the heat transfer ability between the particles of adsorbents and heat exchanger fins. As a result the input energy required from the external heat source is saved and the coefficient of performance COP of the com-AIP system is improved. The mass flow rate of refrigerant increases and consequently, the refrigeration energy Qe rises too. A cycle simulation computer program of this innovative bed was developed to analyze the refrigeration energy and COP variations by varying heat transfer fluid (hot, cooling and chilled water) inlet temperatures and adsorption/desorption cycle time. The transient behavior of heat and mass transfer fluids has been also studied. Under the standard test conditions of 100 °C hot water, 24 °C cooling water, and 15 °C chilled water inlet temperatures, the simulation results showed that the amount of the ice produced per cycle of 5.34 kg and 0.73 COP can be achieved from the com-AIP system. It was found that the system performance is very much sensitive to the mass flow rate of the refrigerant. The cycle time of the system is not dependent on the amount of the adsorbents but is strongly dependent on driven temperature of heat exchange fluid and the design of the heat exchanger. The com- adsorption reactor allows using the advantages of physical properties of both adsorbents SG and AC. Consequently, this innovative com-AIP system utilizes effectively low-temperature heat sources of temperature between 65 and 100 °C, because of the inferior thermodynamic properties of methanol and the low regeneration temperature from silica gel and activated carbon as adsorbents. This strategy (com-AIP system) is completely different from the conventional adsorption reactors, which are filled with one adsorbent in one bed or in two beds.
P. P. PASOLINI’O POEZIJOS VERTIMO PROBLEMATIKA
Authors: Klioštoraitytė Rasa
Published: April 2017

Šio straipsnio tikslas – analizuojant P. P. Pasolini’o eilėraščių vertimus iš italų k. į lietuvių k. ir lyginant juos su tekstais originalo k. ištirti, ar vertėjui pavyko perteikti pagrindinius autoriaus poetikos ir stiliaus bruožus. Straipsnio pradžioje supažindinama su P. P. Pasolini’o kūrinių vertimais į lietuvių kalbą ir šio menininko kūrybos tyrinėjimais Lietuvoje. Toliau trumpai aptariama P. P. Pasolini’o poetika. Analizuojant išverstus eilėraščius remiamasi A. Popovičiaus ir J. Homleso (J. Homles) vertimo teorijomis bei B. Osimo vertimo raštu metodologija. Straipsnio pabaigoje pateikiamas svarbiausios literatūros ir šaltinių sąrašas.
DIRECTIONALITY: TYPES AND FREQUENCY OF REPAIRS IN SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION
Authors: Dailidėnaitė Alina
Published: April 2017

The article describes an experimental study of self-corrections in simultaneous in­terpretation (SI) in relation to directionality while making use of previous studies in this field on cognitive processes and strategies in SI. The paper aims to contri­bute to the literature regarding repair strategies the interpreter resorts to during SI, and examine their possible link to directionality between the language pairs Lithuanian-English and Turkish-English by way of an experimental study. The ex­periment was carried out with 8 students each working in two directions, from En­glish (B) into Lithuanian (A) or Turkish (A) and the reverse. The material analysed comprises the types and frequency of self-repairs in SI and the reflections on the retrospective verbal protocols provided by the subjects, prompted by listening to the source texts and their interpretations directly after the interpreting task. The results of the study suggest that the types and frequency of repairs differ greatly when interpreting into A and B. The conclusions of the study present some peda­gogical implications for training future interpreters.
VEIKSMAŽODŽIO BELAUKIANT...
Authors: Darbutaitė Rasa
Published: April 2017

SINCHRONINIO VERTIMO STRATEGIJOS VERČIANT VOKIEČIŲ KALBOS PASAKYMUS SU ŠALUTINIAIS SAKINIAIS Į LIETUVIŲ KALBĄŠis straipsnis – vienas pirmųjų bandymų Lietuvoje pažvelgti į sinchroninio vertimo problemas iš mokslinės perspektyvos. Straipsnyje apžvelgiami sinchroninio verti­mo sunkumai, atsirandantys dėl skirtingos vokiečių ir lietuvių kalbų šalutinių saki­nių sintaksės, supažindinama su vertimo mokslo darbuose pristatomomis sinchro­ninio vertimo strategijomis ir aptariami galimi šių strategijų taikymo būdai.Per tarptautinę konferenciją vienas prancūzų politikas, nesulaukęs vertimo iš vokiečių kalbos, neteko kantrybės ir atsisukęs į savo vertėją paklausė: „Kodėl gi Jūs neverčiate?“ Vertėjas lakoniškai atsakė: „Tebelaukiu veiksmažodžio...“
APIE GROŽINIO TEKSTO VERTIMO KOKYBĘ. A. BARICCO ROMANO „ŠILKAS“ VERTIMASĮ LIETUVIŲ KALBĄ
Authors: Klioštoraitytė Rasa , Mažeikaitė Ieva
Published: April 2017

Įvertinti grožinio teksto vertimo kokybę – gana sunkus uždavinys. Visų pirma to­dėl, kad nėra nusistovėjusios vienos tradicijos, kokiais kriterijais turėtų vadovautis vertėjas versdamas grožinį tekstą ir kaip reikėtų vertinti verstinio teksto kokybę. Be to, sudėtinga aprėpti visus grožinio teksto ypatumus ir išsamiai aptarti, kaip jie perteikiami vertime, ypač kai tai didelės apimties prozos kūrinys.Stengiantis bent kiek prisidėti prie šios srities tyrimų, straipsnyje supažindi­nama su svarbiausiais pastarųjų metų Italijos vertimo teoretikų ir kritikų darbais, kuriuose nagrinėjama verstinio teksto kokybės problematika. Vėliau, remiantis iš­dėstytomis teorinėmis ir metodologinėmis nuostatomis, analizuojamas A. Baricco romano Šilkas vertimas į lietuvių kalbą, daugiausia dėmesio sutelkiant į pasirinktas vertimo strategijas.
APIE TERMINĄ POLIMORFINIS VIRUSAS
Authors: Paura Markas
Published: April 2017

Šiame straipsnyje aptariamas terminas polimorfinis virusas ir jo apibrėžties tikslu­mas bei dar trys vienodos darybos kompiuterių virusų pavadinimai. Informacijos apie polimorfinį virusą tikslumas tikrinamas per jam artimų terminų apibrėžtis ir jų komentarus. Kompiuterių virusus nusakantys terminai negali egzistuoti izoliuotai, todėl pateikiami įrodymai, kad jie gali sudaryti vieną iš daugelio įmanomų kom­piuterių viruso sąvokos realizacijos priemonių. Termino polimorfinis virusas pagrin­du sukurti kiti virusų pavadinimai, nors ir su tarptautiniu dėmeniu, neprieštarauja bendriesiems lietuvių kalbos reikalavimams dėl jų analogijos su jau vartojamais kitų mokslo sričių terminais, o užsienio kompiuterių saugos specialistų pateikiami terminografiniai šaltiniai padeda juos tiksliau įvardyti ir apibrėžti.
ZUM BEGRIFF UND ZU PROBLEMEN DER REALIEN UND IHRER BEZEICHNUNGEN
Authors: Drössiger Hans-Harry
Published: April 2017

Realien und ihre Bezeichnungen waren und sind eine Herausforderung für Übersetzer, Dolmetscher, Terminologen und andere Sprachmittler, denn ihr Platz und ihre Funktionen in Sprache, Kultur und Kommunikation sind nicht leicht zu bestimmen. So nimmt es nicht Wunder, dass verschiedene wissenschaftliche Disziplinen der Linguistik, der Übersetzungswissenschaft und der Kommunikationswissenschaften sich ihrer in wissenschaftlicher Theorie und sprachlich-kommunikativer Praxis annehmen. Die Aufgabe dieses Beitrages besteht darin, das Phänomen der Realienbezeichnungen sowohl unter terminologischem (als Problem der zweisprachigen Terminologiearbeit im Sprachenpaar Deutsch-Litauisch) als auch unter linguistischem (lexikologischem) Aspekt erneut in die Diskussion zu bringen und weitere Beschreibungs- und Erklärungsansätze vorzustellen. Als Beispielmaterial dienen in diesem Beitrag – im Unterschied zu meinen früheren Beiträgen zu diesem Thema – Beispiele aus dem Bereich der öffentlichen Verwaltung und der staatlichen Organisationsstruktur der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
LAIKO DEIKSĖ POLITINĖJE RETORIKOJE: PRALEIDIMO IR PRIDĖJIMO STRATEGIJOS VERČIANT Į ANGLŲ KALBĄ
Authors: Maskaliūnienė Nijolė
Published: April 2017

Laiko deiksė straipsnyje aptariama kaip komunikacinio akto sudedamoji dalis. Jos raiška yra svarbi komunikacijos akto metu perteikiamai informacijai suvokti, nes nurodydama laiko momentą, kuriuo vyksta komunikacijos aktas, deiksė tarsi susieja adresantą (kalbėtoją) ir adresatą bei kitus sudėtinius komunikacijos akto elementus į vieną visumą, padedančią kurti ir suvokti kuriamą pasakymą. Dar svarbesnis laiko deiksės vaidmuo tada, kai sakoma kalba (ar užrašytas jos tekstas) verčiama į kitą kalbą. Vertėjas renkasi jam kitoje kalboje prieinamas priemones ne tik kalbos turiniui, bet ir retoriniam poveikiui perteikti. Išnagrinėjus 13 įvairiomis progomis pasakytų Lietuvos politikų kalbų ir jų vertimų (žr. Šaltiniai) nustatyta, kad kartais vertėjai pasirenka praleidimo ar pridėjimo strategiją, t. y. praleidžia laiko deiktikus vertimo tekste, juos kompensuodami ne tik leksinėmis, bet ir gramatinėmis anglų kalbos priemonėmis, arba laiko deiktus vertimo tekste prideda. Straipsnyje aptariamos šių strategijų taikymo implikacijos.
APIE KEIKSMAŽODŽIŲ VERTIMĄ IŠ ITALŲ KALBOS Į LIETUVIŲ KALBĄ I. CALVINO ROMANO „VORŲ LIZDŲ TAKAIS“ KEIKSMAŽODŽIŲ VERTIMO ANALIZĖ
Authors: Klioštoraitytė Rasa , Spurgevičiūtė Lina
Published: April 2017

Šio straipsnio tyrimo objektas – keiksmažodžių vertimas iš italų kalbos į lietuvių kalbą. Straipsnyje analizuojami grasinimai ir plūstamojo pobūdžio keiksmai, jų prasmė ir semantinis stiprumas tekste originalo kalba, gilinamasi, kaip šie leksiniai vienetai perteikiami lietuvių kalba, mėginama nustatyti, kokie jų perteikimo būdai pasirenkami dažniausiai. Visi pavyzdžiai surinkti iš Italo Calvino romano II sentiero dei nidi di ragno ir jo vertimo į lietuvių kalbą (Vorų lizdų takais, iš italų kalbos vertė Lina Spurgevičiūtė).
Do retrato à caricatura: a figuração da personagem histórica em Saramago e Assis Brasil
Authors: Bettiol Maria Regina Barcelos
Published: April 2017

O presente ensaio analisa, através de uma analogia entre a pintura e a literatura, a figuração da personagem histórica nos romances História do Cerco de Lisboa de José Saramago e A Margem Imóvel do Rio de Luiz Antonio de Assis Brasil, demonstrando que na passagem do romance histórico tradicional para a metaficcção historiográfica, essa categoria de personagem perde a sua força representativa ficando em segundo plano na narrativa. Se no romance histórico tradicional encontramos um retrato da personagem histórica, na metaficção historiográfica existe uma deformação sobre o plano estético isto é, a tendência em representá-la de forma caricatural.********************************************************************From portrait to caricature: the figuration of the historical characterin Saramago and Assis BrasilAbstract: This essay examines, through an analogy between painting and literature, the figuration of the historical character in two novels (José Saramago’s The History of the Siege of Lisbon and Luiz Antonio de Assis Brasil’s A Margem Imóvel do Rio). It shows that in the passage from the traditional historical novel to the “historiographic metafiction” this kind of character loses its representative force and it becomes less important in the narrative. If in the traditional historical novel we find a portrait of the historical character, in historiographic metafiction” there is a deformation on the aesthetic level, that is to say, a tendency to represent it in caricature form.Keywords: character; figuration; historical novel; metafiction.
Edições portuguesas das obras de Casimiro de Abreu
Authors: Pereira Elsa
Published: April 2017

Em 1856, com apenas dezassete anos de idade, o escritor brasileiro Casimiro de Abreu firmou em Lisboa um contrato de edição, cedendo ao editor Fernandes Lopes os direitos do drama Camões e o Jau, bem como a reedição das poesias que pretendia levar à estampa no Brasil. Após a morte do poeta, sucederam-se em Portugal as reedições d’ As Primaveras, não só pela mão do impressor lisboeta que assinara o contrato (1864, 1867), mas também por iniciativa de outros editores que, entre 1866 e 1948, publicaram consecutivas edições acrescentadas do livro. Ostentando a designação de “Obras Completas”, algumas destas edições passaram a adotar, a partir de 1871, uma nova disposição dos textos, conforme proposta por Joaquim Norberto, no volume da Garnier que pretendeu reunir a totalidade da produção casimiriana.********************************************************************Portuguese editions of Casimiro de Abreu’s worksAbstract: In 1856, the 17-year-old Brazilian author Casimiro de Abreu signed a publishing contract with the Portuguese publisher Fernandes Lopes in Lisbon. This agreement assigned publishing rights for the drama Camões e o Jau, as well as the republication of Abreu’s poetry, which was intended to be done in Brazil. After the poet’s death, several editions of As Primaveras were printed in Portugal, not only by the publisher that signed the contract (1864, 1867), but also by other book printers, who illegally published several augmented editions of the book, between 1866 and 1948. Identified as "Complete Works", some of these editions have adopted a new disposition of the texts, as proposed by Joaquim Norberto in the Garnier’s 1870 volume, which intended to collect Casimiro de Abreu’s opera omnia.Keywords: editions; Portugal; copyright; Casimiro; Abreu.
João Dias e Luís Bernardo Honwana: considerações sobre a representação do conceito de trabalho nos contos “Godido” e “As mãos dos pretos”
Authors: Rocha e Silva Rejane Vecchia , De Mattos Tatiane Reghini
Published: April 2017

Este artigo apresenta, em perspectiva comparatista, uma análise de dois contos moçambicanos, “Godido”, de João Dias, e “As Mãos dos Pretos”, de Luís Bernardo Honwana, a partir, principalmente, da representação das condições de trabalho do negro na sociedade moçambicana submetida ao processo colonial português.********************************************************************João Dias and Luis Bernardo Honwana: consideration of the representation of the concept of work in the tales "Godido" and “As mãos dos pretos”Abstract: The article attempts to develop a comparative analysis between two short stories, “Godido”, by João Dias, and “As Mãos dos Pretos”, by Luis Bernardo Honwana, from mainly the representation of black working conditions in Mozambican society submitted to the Portuguese colonial process.Keywords: João Dias; Luís Bernardo Honwana; Mozambican literature; work force.
Los debates recientes sobre la historia de los mercados laborales capitalistas. Aportes para una propuesta de enfoque teórico para su estudio en sociedades “periféricas”
Authors: Viales Hurtado Ronny José , Vargas Ávila Martín
Published: April 2017

Aun No tiene
Minoría modelo: Astucia antropófaga de tlaxcaltecas en la Nueva España
Authors: Montañez Pico Daniel
Published: April 2017

El mito que presenta a los tlaxcaltecas como traidores oscurece un aspecto fundamental de su historia colonial: se trató de uno de los pueblos indígenas que mejor supieron aprender y  utilizar en su favor los códigos y lógicas sociales, jurídicas y políticas de los conquistadores castellanos. Exploraremos en un primer lugar cómo los tlaxcaltecas participaron en la construcción de su imagen como “perfectos vasallos” de la corona, en segundo lugar su uso estratégico de las embajadas diplomáticas a Castilla y, en último lugar, aspectos relacionados con sus simbologías pictóricas. Todo ello bajo el horizonte de la “astucia” (Simón Rodríguez) y la “antropofagia” (Oswald de Andrade), como formas de supervivencia propias de nuestros pueblos.
Oficios y categorías ocupacionales en los primeros censos republicanos en la Provincia de Cartagena
Authors: Conde Calderón Jorge , Monsalvo Mendoza Edwin Andrés
Published: April 2017

Este trabajo presenta las categorías ocupacionales definidas en los primeros censos republicanos ordenados en Colombia. Para el caso se estudian solo las cifras arrojadas por los censos en la provincia de Cartagena. Se intenta una aproximación a la evolución demográfica dedicando principal atención a la conformación de la estructura socio-productiva. Para su análisis se dividió la provincia de Cartagena en dos espacios: uno de corte urbano y otro rural. El primero corresponde al cantón de Cartagena ubicado en la parte norte de la provincia y el segundo al cantón del Chinú localizado al sur. Se trata de señalar como el norte provincial tuvo unas características urbanas que llevaron a enfocar sus actividades productivas en actividades de carácter local, comarcal e internacional, con fuerte concentración de la burocracia estatal y la producción artesanal; mientras en el sur se produjo una expansión agrícola acompañada de crecimiento demográfico y una variedad de actividades productivas agropecuarias.
Publicidad ilustrada y secularización. El caso del convento de Santa Teresa en la Ciudad de Guatemala, 1816-1826
Authors: Chiquín Enriquez Selvin Johany
Published: April 2017

El trabajo busca aproximarse a los conceptos de Publicidad ilustrada y secularización a partir de la experiencia que vivió el convento de Santa Teresa a inicios del siglo XIX en la Ciudad de Guatemala. Así, el principal objetivo es mostrar las discordancias de la fe en una época de cambios, impulsados por instituciones civiles recién creadas. Para esto, el trabajo se basa en fuentes documentales que abordan, en específico, a una monja del convento: María Teresa Aycinena, debido a que su figura se convirtió en relevante para la vida pública de la ciudad y, más específicamente, para el clima de religiosidad popular. De tal cuenta, el discurso de las instituciones civiles fue desplazándose de publicidad ilustrada de Antiguo Régimen a un proceso de secularización, como síntoma del advenimiento liberal.
Epidemiological characteristics and clinical outcome of HIV-related tuberculosis in a population of TB patients in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Olowe Olugbenga A. , Makanjuola Olufunmilola B. , Adekanmi Adeniyi S. , Adefioye Olusola J. , Olowe Rita A.
Published: April 2017

Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of death from infectious disease globally with its impact more dramatic in resource limited settings. Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who also develop tuberculosis represent a significant challenge to TB control. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of TB—HIV coinfection and pattern of infection among TB patients. We also compared treatment outcome among coinfected patients with those not coinfected.

A six-year retrospective review of records of patients managed at the Tuberculosis Treatment Center of the LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, South-Western Nigeria from January 2009 to December 2014 was carried out.

One hundred and five (26.3%) of the 399 TB patients seen in the study period were coinfected with HIV. About 10% of the subjects had extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Treatment failure was significantly worse among patients who had both HIV and TB compared with those who had TB only (49.5% vs. 32%, p = 0.001). Death rate was also higher in the coinfected individuals implying a poorer clinical outcome.

High prevalence of TB—HIV coinfection and poor treatment outcome in this group of individuals, though predictable, calls for a more concerted effort in the management of TB—HIV coinfection.
Potential solution to pollution of groundwater by diffusion of volatile organic compounds through the primary HDPE geomembrane in composite lining systems of landfills
Authors: Pienaar R , Fourie W
Published: April 2017

Waste in a landfill is exposed to the chemicals and heat generated over time, producing harmful fluids in the form of leachate or landfill gas that migrate from the landfill towards the liner or capping, and include organic contaminants. The high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane (GM) component of the landfill liner is often believed to be the primary barrier to contaminant transport, but volatile organic compounds (VOCs) diffuse through geomembranes at appreciable rates. The aim of this study was to obtain reliable data on the reduction in diffusion of VOCs through the HDPE GM component in the composite liner systems of landfills by extracting air through the leakage detection layer or drainage layer of the composite liner. It was shown that introducing a flow of air through a pervious zone adjacent to the GM layer in a landfill liner would significantly reduce the concentrations of VOCs in the groundwater beneath landfills and waste containment facilities.
Updated provisions of SANS 10160-4 for steel structures
Authors: Roth C , Gebremeskel A
Published: April 2017

A forthcoming revision of SANS 10160-4 (Seismic actions and general requirements for buildings) addresses the omission of structural steel design provisions from the standard, as well as contradictions between SANS 10160 and SANS 10162, the steel design standard. This note discusses the background to the proposed provisions.
Editorial
Authors: Turpo Chaparro Josué
Published: April 2017

Editorial
Cuestionario de actitudes frente a situaciones de agravio. Resultados preliminares de su adaptación al ámbito escolar
Authors: Caminos Verónica , Oros Laura B.
Published: April 2017

Se adaptó al ámbito docente el Cuestionario Argentino de Actitudes frente a Situaciones de Agravio (Moreno y Pereyra, 2000). Para su validación preliminar se trabajó con 143 docentes argentinos. Los ítems resultaron discriminativos y se agruparon, a partir de un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, en tres dimensiones que están en línea con la teoría: Pasividad (α = .90), Agresividad (α = .95) y Prosocialidad (α = .92). La validez constructiva también se puso a prueba mediante el estudio de la hipótesis que afirma que los docentes con alto Burnout tienen mayor tendencia a responder con actitudes negativas en situaciones de agravio en el contexto áulico. Estos resultados también estuvieron en línea con la teoría (p < .001). A partir de estos análisis se concluye que la versión preliminar del instrumento es apta para ser sometida a estudios psicométricos más exigentes y de mayor alcance.

 
AISLAMIENTO, CARACTERIZACIÓN Y EVALUACIÓN DE Trichoderma spp. COMO PROMOTOR DE CRECIMIENTO VEGETAL EN PASTURAS DE RAYGRASS (Lolium perenne) Y TRÉBOL BLANCO (Trifolium repens)
Authors: Acurio Vásconez Ramiro Daniel , España Imbaquingo Cinthia Karina
Published: April 2017

El género de hongos Trichoderma han sido muy utilizados en agricultura como controladores biológicos gracias a su capacidad para excretar enzimas exógenas que les permiten actuar como biopesticidas. Este hongo tiene la capacidad de crecer en diversos hábitats, y se los encuentra comúnmente en el suelo y en materia en descomposición. Su papel como promotor de crecimiento vegetal se debe a la capacidad de colonizar rápidamente las raíces de la planta protegiéndolas del ataque de fitopatógenos, lo que se traduce en un incremento en el crecimiento y por la exudación de fitohormonas o la solubilización de fosfatos, Fe, Mn, Mg. El objetivo de este trabajo fue aislar cepas nativas de Trichoderma spp. presentes en el suelo de la hacienda “La Alegría” ubicada en el cantón Pedro Moncayo para su posterior evaluación como promotoras de crecimiento vegetal en pasturas de raygrass y trébol blanco. Las cepas aisladas fueron identificadas mediante claves morfológicas como Trichoderma harzianum y Trichoderma viride. El efecto como promotor de crecimiento se evaluó en campo, en potreros previamente establecidos. Se realizaron tres cortes con un periodo de 45 días, después de cada corte se fertilizaron los potreros con soluciones líquidas del hongo a una concentración de 106 , materia orgánica (Compost 45% MO) y fertilizante químico (Fertiforraje). Los tratamientos que mejores resultados arrojaron fueron T1 con un promedio de materia verde de 12,72 TM/ha/corte y T6 con un promedio de 11,55 TM/ha/corte, en comparación con el testigo y el tratamiento químico.

 
Illisibilité ou dis-lisibilité de l’écriture poétique française contemporaine : le cas de Christian Prigent / Il-Legibility or Dis-Legibility in French Contemporary Poetry: Christian Prigent
Authors: Gorrillot Bénédicte
Published: April 2017

Résumé: Cette étude interroge l’illisibilité dont est fréquemment accusée une certaine poésie française contemporaine (depuis 1968), notamment liée aux influences avant-gardistes héritées de la première moitié du 20e siècle européen (Futurisme, Dada, Surréalisme, Lettrisme) ou à celles du Modernisme dit « américain » (de Cummings à Burroughs). Elle prend pour cas exemplaire l’écriture du polygraphe Christian Prigent, prolongeant les réflexions menées lors du colloque de San Diego de 2008 dont les actes sont parus en 2014 sous le titre : L’Illisibilité en questions (autour de Michel Deguy, Jean-Marie Gleize, Christian Prigent, Nathalie Quintane). Prigent passe pour un poète illisible, ce que l’écrivain conteste, invitant à infléchir ce jugement de la réception lectoriale, peut-être vers un parti-pris de dis-lisibilité. Ce concept, créé à San Diego, permet en effet d’articuler la double et contradictoire réception (auctoriale et lectoriale) des œuvres au cœur de la polémique. Les actes de San Diego et l’essai Une erreur de la nature publié par Prigent en 1996 servent de guide à cette enquête.Mots-clés : dis-lisibilité ; illisibilité ; modernité négative ; Prigent (Christian) ; poésie contemporaine ; réception.Abstract : In this paper, I question the illegibility / unreadability of which a part of the contemporary French poetry (since 1968) is often accused, in particular the one that inherits the influences of the European avant-gardes of the early 20th century (Futurism, Dada, Surrealism, Lettrism) or of the so-called “American Modernism” (from Cummings to Burroughs). I will take, as example, the polygraph Christian Prigent, extending the discussions held at the San Diego’s Conference in 2008, whose proceedings were published in 2014 under the title : L’Illisibilité en questions (autour de Deguy Michel, Jean-Marie Gleize, Christian Prigent, Nathalie Quintane). Prigent is often considered as an illegible / unreadable poet, what the writer denies, inviting his readers to understand rather his dis-legibility / dis-readability. Such concept, created in San Diego, makes it possible to articulate the double and contradictory reception (authorship and readership) of many poetry books in the heart of the controversy. L’Illisibilité en questions and the essay Une erreur de la nature, published by Prigent in 1996, are taken as references in this article.Keywords: dis-legibility; illegibility; negative modernity; Prigent (Christian); contemporary poetry; reception.
Telégrafo e fonógrafo: metáforas modernas da fragmentação em António Nobre e Camilo Pessanha
Authors: Matangrano Bruno Anselmi
Published: April 2017

A partir da obra Os meios de comunicação como extensões do homem (1964), de Marshall McLuhan, o presente artigo pretende demonstrar como a noção de fragmentação da informação suscitada pelas inovações tecnológicas do século XIX – particularmente, pelo advento do fonógrafo e do telégrafo – se relaciona com as mudanças no comportamento humano, sobretudo no que diz respeito à própria percepção de si, e como esta nova percepção se manifesta nas novas formas artísticas oitocentistas que marcam o início da Modernidade, em especial, no simbolismo e no impressionismo. Em seguida, para demonstrar esta teoria, são analisados dois poemas simbolistas: o soneto 12, de António Nobre, centrado na imagem do telégrafo, e “Fonógrafo”, de Camilo Pessanha, através dos quais se espera mostrar como estas duas invenções modernas podem ser lidas como síntese metafórica da fragmentação do sujeito poético, manifesta por imagens, sintaxe e ritmo igualmente fragmentados, resultantes das mudanças de paradigmas artísticos, suscitados, por sua vez, pela mudança da percepção provocada pelas inovações tecnológicas.
Narratives of the Lives of Buried Hearts: Writing as (Re)Historicising
Authors: Gonçalves Davi
Published: April 2017

The specific context for this literary analysis encompasses the lives and experiences of American natives and of the slaves who were brought to the U.S.A. as elaborated in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, by Frederick (Douglass (1845), and Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, by Dee Brown (1970). These books are perhaps some of the most evoked manifestations of historical revision; the former addressing American History through the perspective of a slave, and the latter doing likewise through the perspective of the indigenous population. I endeavour to get to such reflections through scrutinising the historical echoes of literature, as my specific goal is to analyse if and how Douglass and Brown’s books revise American history by saying what has been kept silent so far. The reflections articulated in both narratives prove to be harsh evidence that historical documents are far from being all encompassing – and are, for such reason, amenable to revision.
Cristiano Ronaldo e Eusébio – Dois olhares contemporâneos
Authors: Pinheiro Francisco
Published: April 2017

Esta resenha centra-se em dois documentários biográficos, dedicados aos jogadores portugueses mais importantes da história do futebol: Cristiano Ronaldo e Eusébio. Com mais de 40 anos de diferença, Ronaldo (2015) e Eusébio, a pantera negra (1973) são retratos a partir dos quais podemos pensar a contemporaneidade.
Aflibercept for diabetic macular edema: a concise review
Authors: Haridoss Sujithera , Sundaram Soundaram Meenakshi , George Melvin , Sriram Damal Kandadai
Published: April 2017

Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema are associated with loss of vision in patients with diabetes worldwide. The treatment requires a multidisciplinary interventional approach. Among the available management options for DME, laser photocoagulation has been the standard of care. Due to its slow progression and inability to reverse the vision loss, an alternative treatment is needed. The role of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and inflammatory mediators led to the development of anti-VEGF agents, that stimulates retinal vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Intravitreal aflibercept is an anti-angiogenic soluble decoy receptor with trap technology employed by fusion of multiple endogeneous receptor component, approved for the treatment of DME. Clinical trials of aflibercept comparing it with laser photocoagulation and other anti-VEGF have shown reliable efficacy, providing significantly positive visual and anatomical results. However, treatment regimens with monthly clinical visits and injections, challenge the patients comfort, thereby requiring the need to identify better strategies to lower injection frequencies.
Safety and effectiveness of colistin compared with non-colistin combinations in the treatment of multi drug resistant bacterial infections
Authors: Salloju Vineeth , Venapally Sahithi , Putti Nandan , Priyanka Annie
Published: April 2017

Background: Multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria are usually defined as when it is resistant to three or more group of antibiotics. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of colistin when compared with other antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by MDR Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods: A single centre, prospective cohort study was conducted at Krishna Institute of medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India between September 2016 to March 2017. Seventy-four patients (74) were included in the study. Primary outcome were good clinical response and thirty days’ mortality, secondary outcome were microbiological response and adverse drug reactions of the drug.Results: A total of 74 patients were enrolled into the study. Forty patients (40) were received intravenous colistin dose of 2.5mg-5mg/kg/day. Remaining thirty-four patients (34) received other antibiotics which includes carbapenem, aminoglycosides. etc. The mean age, gender, underlying conditions and severity of illness of the patients in both groups were significantly same. In colistin group 27 (67.5%) patients and 11 (32.3%) patients had good clinical response. The overall mortality of the patients in the colistin group was 17.5% and that in the non-colistin group was 38.2%. The incidence of nephrotoxicity in colistin was 15% and 35.2% in non colistin group. No neurotoxicity was observed in present study.Conclusions: Our study concludes treatment with colistin decreases patient mortality and increase the clinical response in multidrug-resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa infected patients. However large multicentric clinical trials are needed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of colistin.
Drug disposing behavior and awareness of the concept of ecopharmacovigilance among the medical faculty
Authors: Praveen Shubha , Amol Gramle , Reddy Shivakumar
Published: April 2017

Background: The ever-increasing impact of drugs on the environment has added an altogether new dimension of monitoring, assessing and documenting the known and unknown drug effects on our fragile environment in the form of ecopharmacovigilance. This study was carried out to document the drug disposing behavior and awareness of the concept of ecopharmacovigilance among the medical faculty of a tertiary care Medical Hospital.Methods: A detailed, structured, anonymous questionnaire consisting of both open and close ended essential queries on drug disposal practices was prepared and response obtained from the participants which included an agglomeration of teaching faculty and the clinicians of various disciplines of the Institute.Results: 97.87% of the participants obtained drugs in excess which included a majority of solid (68.12%) and liquid (31.88%) dosage forms. The maximum medicines obtained in excess included analgesics and antipyretics (89.36%), anti-asthmatics (15.22%), and anti-emetics (13.48%). 82.8% of the respondents were unaware of the proper drug disposal technique and 94.7 % of the respondents practiced open disposal of the drugs.Conclusions: An abysmally low level of awareness about ecopharmacovigilance and unhealthy, irrational method of drug disposal was documented in our study. Appropriate training of those who handle drugs in hospitals and healthcare establishments is the need of the hour.
Comparative study of oxytetracycline and doxycycline on calcium chelation: in-vitro assay
Authors: Katlam Savitri , Deshmukh Yeshwant A. , Jadhav Pradeep R.
Published: April 2017

Background: Tetracycline class of antibiotics differ in their pharmacokinetic profile and chelating property. Objective of present study is to assess the effect of oxytetracycline and doxycycline on calcium chelationMethods: For estimation of calcium chelation of Oxytetracycline and Doxycycline, EDTA method (P. Trinder) and calcium binding assay was followed. Different doses of Oxytetracycline (25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg) and Doxycycline (25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg) were used in EDTA method and different concentrations of calcium were used in calcium binding assay. The procedure was done according to the standard methodology.Results: The intensity of colour appear to be increased with increase in dose of the Oxytetracycline (25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg) as the concentration of calcium binding increases. But in Doxycycline intensity of colour is more with 100 mg as compared with 25 mg and 50 mg The UV absorption spectrum of solution of Oxytetracycline (1mM) was changed after the addition of CaCl2 to provide different concentration of Ca2+ (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mM).  With minor shift in the absorption coefficient and no shift in wavelength were observed for Doxycycline.Conclusions: The study concludes that oxytetracycline has more calcium chelating property than doxycycline.
Pattern of drug utilization and factors influencing long term blood sugar control among diabetics in a tertiary care hospital- an observational study
Authors: M. S. Raghu Prasada , Patil Deepa , B. M. Vishwanath , A. S. Shankar , Patil Umakant N. , Holyachi Sharankumar
Published: April 2017

Background: To study the Pattern of drug prescribing, utilization, analyse effectives of different therapies and factors influencing medication failure and adherence to treatment among diabetics.Methods: The clinical study was conducted in JJM Medical College and Karuna Trust, Davangere, Karnataka. The patients with diabetes as diagnosed by consultant physician were observed for the pattern of blood glucose control. The fasting blood glucose of the patients were recorded at the end of 1st month, 6th month and 12th month of their treatment period. The study period was from June 2012 till August 2014. The study was conducted after institutional ethical clearance and informed consent was taken from all the patients. The pattern of drugs prescribed for the patients were also analysed. The pattern of control among patients with co morbidities were also analysed using paired sample t test.Results: The results showed that the prescribed drugs were able to control the blood glucose levels of the patients. The percentage of patients with FBS in controlled, mild to moderate control and uncontrolled group were 21%, 33.3% and 45.5% in early treatment period and 36%, 40.9%, and 22.7% after one year treatment period (Significant p value). The pattern of drug utilization showed that the most commonly used drugs were the combination of pioglitazone+glimipride+metformin (19%), combination of glibenclamide+ metformin (18%), only insulin (9%), combination of glimipride+metformin (8%) and combination of gliclazide+metformin (5%).Conclusions: The results show that the intervention by the consultant physician was successful in controlling the blood sugar levels and the reasons for failure of treatment and adherence to treatment were helpful for further treatment of patients. Further such studies in a larger sample will help the consultants in their treatment methods.
Cardiac troponin T estimation post elective stent implantation and prediction of early and late outcomes
Authors: R. Baiju , Viswanathan Sunitha , K. K. Sarosh Kumar
Published: April 2017

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Per Cutaneous Interventions (PCI) is emerging as the mainstay of treatment for CAD. Periprocedural myocardial necrosis, which can range from a low-level elevation of cardiac biomarkers to a large myocardial infarction, is an important complication of PCI. There are conflicting reports regarding peri-procedural biomarker elevation and adverse outcome. It is in this context we have undertaken this study to assess the prognostic significance of cardiac troponin T elevation after elective stent implantation.Methods: The study population included 100 consecutive patients who underwent elective PCI with stent implantation in cardiology unit of Medical College, Trivandrum. Serial cardiac enzyme levels were measured in all patients undergoing the procedure. CPK was measured at 8 hrs, 16 hrs and 24 hrs and Troponin T was measured at 8hrs and 24 hrs. post PCI. In hospital events were documented and patients were on follow up for a period of 1 year. Primary endpoints of death, myocardial infarction, recurrent ischemia leading to revascularization were noted.Results: In our study population of 100 patients there were 87 males and 13 females. Among them 50% had unstable angina, 18% had exertional angina and 32% were post myocardial infarction patients. In this group of hundred patients 79% had single vessel disease, 18% had two vessels and 3% had triple vessel disease. A total of 103 stents were deployed. Mean CPK levels were CPK-1 (80.11+36.19), mean CPK-2 (83.91± 34.8) and mean CPK-3 (86.32+57.80). Mean Troponin T-1 was 0.04+0.1 and mean Troponin-2 was 0.06+0.145. In this study, we compared late onset angina with Troponin and CPK positivity and found that both Troponin-1 & Troponin-2 had significant correlation with late onset angina.Conclusions: Periprocedural Troponin T is more sensitive than CPK in predicting late events. Thrombus containing lesions and bifurcation lesions were significantly associated with elevation in Troponin T. No significant Troponin T elevations were noted in patients with diabetes mellitus and those containing calcified lesions. Drug eluting stents were associated with a relatively lesser Troponin T elevations but not statistically significant.
To evaluate the role of MRI in infants with suspected hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and prognosticating neurological outcome at end of one year
Authors: Ramachandran Shreyas , Sripathi Smiti
Published: April 2017

Background: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one the common causes of neonatal fatality due to perinatal asphyxia. The long-term outcomes of HIE are impaired mental and motor development, hearing loss, recurrent seizures and cerebral palsy. MRI is increasingly becoming the gold standard in diagnosis of HIE as it involves no radiation and can be performed during a neonates physiological sleep. To evaluate the role of MRI in infants with suspected hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in prognosticating neurological outcomes at end of one year.Methods: A total of 50 patients were included in the study who underwent MRI of brain. A clinical follow up was done at the end of one year.Results: The sensitivity of MRI in prognosticating clinical outcome was 72% and specificity was 71% while PPV and NPV was 86% and 50% respectively.Conclusions: MRI is a useful modality to assess early changes in HIE and it can prognosticate clinical outcome.
Causalities of human wildlife conflict in Kashmir valley, India; a neglected form of trauma: our 10 year study
Authors: Moten Tarseem Lal , Bhat Towseef Ahmad , Gulzar Amara , Mir Ayaz , Mir Furqaan
Published: April 2017

Background: Human wild life conflict is increasing at an alarming rate.  The topography of Kashmir valley, India makes the people at risk of wild life injuries all the time. We have been seeing increasing number of victims of wild life injuries during harvesting season for many years with maximum number of injuries due to bear maul. Objective was to see the incidence and pattern of injuries due to human wild life conflict besides surgical challenges and outcome of such injuriesMethods: This was a retrospective study of 10 years duration done between 2005 to 2016. Data was collected from hospital records and records of wild life conservation department.Results: Human wild life conflict is increasing at an alarming rate. Bear was the most common animal responsible for human animal conflict, followed by leopard. Monkey and red fox attacks were less common and less lethal. Mortality was highest in leopard attacks.Conclusions: Human wild life conflict is certainly increasing. Most of the attacks due to bear and leopard are devastating. Most of the survivors of such attacks are left with some degree of disability and psychiatric disturbances. Maintaining ecological balance is the best way to control human animal conflict.
Effect of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to 0.5% levobupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper extremity surgeries
Authors: Hanumansetty Kartheek , S. Hemalatha , L. Gurudatt C.
Published: April 2017

Background: The supraclavicular brachial plexus block has proven to be an important, safer and effective alternative to general anaesthesia in surgeries of upper extremity. Primary aim is to study the effect of addition of dexamethasone to levobupivacaine on postoperative analgesia and secondary objectives are to study onset, peak effect and duration of sensory and motor block in brachial plexus blockade in adult patients posted for upper limb surgeriesMethods: This prospective randomized clinical study was conducted on 60 patients of age 18 to 60 years posted for upper limb surgeries. They were randomly allocated into two groups of 30. In Control group LS (n=30) received Inj. Levobupivacaine 30ml and Inj. Normal saline 2ml. In Study group LD (n=30) received Inj. Levobupivacaine 30ml and Inj. Dexamethasone 2ml (8mg).Results: Both the groups were demographically comparable. Onset of sensory block and motor block in group LD and in group LS were similar (p>0.05). Mean duration of sensory and motor block in group LD was higher than in group LS (<0.001). Duration of postoperative analgesia was 21.20±3.23 hours in group LD and 10.24±1.57 hours in group LS (p<0.001).Conclusions: Dexamethasone added to levobupivacaine for brachial plexus block prolonged the duration of sensory, motor blockade and postoperative analgesia but did not alter the onset time, peak effect time of sensory and motor blockade.
A comparative study of different adjuncts to enhance the effects of intrathecal bupivacaine
Authors: Sur Debajyoti , Agarwal Archana , Chaudhary Ajay Kumar , Bogra Jaishri , Singh Prithvi Kumar , Gupta Rajni , Bhatia Vinod Kumar
Published: April 2017

Background: Spinal anaesthesia is the commonly used technique for lower abdominal surgeries. Adjuvants to bupivacaine have been used to provide good quality of perioperative and postoperative analgesia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of subarachnoid administration of bupivacaine with clonidine, magnesium, dexmedetomidine and saline group.Methods: The prospective, comparative single blind study included 120 patients in American society of anaesthesiologist (ASA) grade I and II, scheduled for lower abdominal surgeries were allocated in four groups. Each group included 15 mg bupivacaine with various adjuvants (30 µg clonidine, 50 mg magnesium sulphate and 3µg dexmedetomidine) were compared with saline group (group S).Results: Time of onset was earlier in groups D and C but delayed in group M. The total power regains (B0) in group D (250.8±18.87), group M (235.23±24.66) and group C (242.70±25.98) were significantly delayed (p<0.05) as compare with group S (180.07±18.53). Demand of analgesia was significantly earlier in group S as compared with groups C, M and D. Similarly, the time of two segment regression was significantly earlier in group S as compared with groups C, M and D (p<0.001). Patients were hemodynamically stable in groups D, C and M as compared to Group S.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine and clonidine were equally effective and better as compared to magnesium as an adjunct to intrathecal bupivacaine.