bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monolithic High Power Master Oscillator Power Amplifier Emitting 2.2 W at 1550 nm
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhang Ruikang , Lu Dan , Wang Wei , Zhao Lingjuan
Published: January 2022

We present the design and the performance of monolithically integrated master oscillator power amplifier at 1550 nm. The MOPA with 2.5 mm total cavity, single mode kink-free output power is up to 2.2 W.
Federated Transfer Learning-based Data Security Assurance in Edge Optical Networks for IoT Applications
Authors: Yao Qiuyan , Yang Hui , Bao Bowen , Sun Zhengjie , Li Chao , Zhang Jie , Huang Shanguo
Published: January 2022

We propose a federated transfer learning framework to realize data security guarantee in edge optical networks for IoT applications. Results indicate our proposal enables efficient model training and transferring by exploiting local data.
The influence of proton radiation on the performance of silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator
Authors: Han Changhao , Hu Zhaoyi , Tao Yuansheng , Fu Engang , Wang Xingjun
Published: January 2022

The influence of proton radiation on silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator performance was studied for space environment. The modulator was sensitive to proton radiation while still demonstrated a certain working ability after 3MeV protons of 5×1013 ions/cm2.
Octave-spanning frequency comb generation based on a dual-mode square microlaser and a Brillouin fiber loop
Authors: Wang Ting , Wu Ji-Liang , Zhang Xu-Cheng , Yang Yue-De , Xiao Jin-Long , Qin Guan-Shi , Huang Yong-Zhen
Published: January 2022

A 38-GHz spaced optical frequency comb spanning from 1100 nm to 2200 nm is generated by the nonlinear spectral broadening of a Brillouin optical comb seeded by a dual-mode square microlaser.
Blue Laser-Induced Destruction of Active Centers in Cladding-Pumped Bi-Doped Fiber
Authors: Kharakhordin A.V. , Vakhrushev A.S. , Alyshev S.V. , Firstova E.G. , Khegai A.M. , Riimikin K.E. , Melkumov M.A. , Lobanov A.S. , Khopin V.F. , Guryanov A.N. , Firstov S.V.
Published: January 2022

We report the destruction of laser-active centers in a bismuth-doped fiber induced by a blue laser diode using a cladding-pump configuration. The effect of bleaching in this configuration on bismuth-doped fiber laser characteristics was studied.
High Sensitivity Interferometric Refractive Index Sensor Based on Tapered Double-Cladding Fiber
Authors: Chen Long , Jiang Chen , Ma Yuehui , Guo Kai , Liu Yunqi
Published: January 2022

We proposed an ultra-sensitive refractive index sensor based on tapered double-cladding fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer using CO2-laser heating and tapering system. The sensitivity of the sensor can be up to 5484.4575 nm/RIU.
Compact Time-Domain NIRS oximeter for non-invasive brain and muscle monitoring
Authors: Lacerenza Michele , Buttafava Mauro , Renna Marco , Torricelli Alessandro , Tosi Alberto , Mora Alberto Dalla , Spinelli Lorenzo , Zappa Franco , Pifferi Antonio , Contini Davide
Published: January 2022

Bulkiness and complexity of current Time-Domain (TD) NIRS systems have strongly limited the spread of this technique in biomedical research and clinical applications. We present an instrument developed to overcome those limitations, making TD-NIRS more accessible to non-experts and adaptable to any measurement condition, paving the way to muscle and brain oximetry in healthcare and sport environments.
Sub-10-nm-resolution Grayscale Printing of Optical Metasurface using Light-controlled Capillary Force Lithography
Authors: Ji Myung Gi , Li Qiang , Kim Jaeyoun
Published: January 2022

By applying optical control to nanoscale capillary effect, we realize grayscale printing of polymer nanopixels with a sub-10-nm vertical resolution. Through spatial modulation of the control-light, we print various grayscale optical metasurfaces on-demand.
Terahertz camera-less imaging of deep trench and whole SiC wafer defects
Authors: Das Hrishikesh , Greenwood Bruce , Rahman Anis
Published: January 2022

Terahertz camera-less imaging was conducted on deep trench etched on Si, and whole SiC wafers. It is demonstrated that terahertz 3D approach can see more and deeper features on both samples.
Thirty Years and More of Diode-Pumped Yb-doped Lasers
Authors: Fan Tso Yee
Published: January 2022

This year marks 30 years since the first report of a diode-pumped
Yb-doped laser at room temperature and 50 years since the first
diode-pumped Yb-doped laser at cryogenic temperature.
Kilowatt Cladding-Pumped Random Distributed-Feedback Raman Fiber Laser
Authors: Fan Chenchen , Yao Tianfu , Xiao Hu , Huang Liangjin , Xu Jiangming , Leng Jinyong , Zhou Pu
Published: January 2022

The first cladding-pumped random distributed-feedback Raman fiber laser
based on all-fiberized half-open cavity is demonstrated to our best
knowledge. The record output power of 1 kW at 1132 nm is achieved with
improved beam quality.
Polarized Spectroscopy and Eye-Safe Laser Operation of Monoclinic Er3+:MgWO4 Crystal
Authors: Basyrova Liza , Loiko Pavel , Zhang Lizhen , Lin Zhoubin , Zhang Ge , Slimi Sami , Petrov Valentin , Griebner Uwe , Solé Rosa Maria , Aguiló Magdalena , Díaz Francesc , Camy Patrice , Mateos Xavier , Wang Li , Chen Weidong
Published: January 2022

We report on the growth, structure, polarized spectroscopy and first
laser operation of a monoclinic Er3+:MgWO4
crystal. A maximum output power of 139 mW was generated at 1640 nm
with a slope efficiency of 19.2%.
Spectroscopy and laser operation of disordered Yb:Ca3Gd2(BO3)4 crystal
Authors: Pan Zhongben , Lin Zhanglang , Zhang Ge , Loiko Pavel , Camy Patrice , Mateos Xavier , Petrov Valentin , Wang Li , Chen Weidong
Published: January 2022

A high quality disordered
Yb3+:Ca3Gd2(BO3)4
crystal is grown by the Czochralski method. The investigations on
room- and low-temperature spectroscopy, and laser performance of the
Yb:Ca3Gd2(BO3)4 crystal
are presented.
Short Period, Large Aperture PPRKTP via Coercive Field Engineering: Key Parameters
Authors: Lee Cherrie S.J. , Zukauskas Andrius , Canalias Carlota
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate large aperture PPRKTP with a period as short as 3.43 m
fabricated via coercive-field engineering through ion-exchange. The
key parameters to achieve high-aspect ratio domain structures are
discussed.
10-µW, 30-eV High Harmonic Generation inside an Yb:YAG Thin-Disk Laser Oscillator
Authors: Drs Jakub , Fischer Julian , Labaye François , Modsching Norbert , Wittwer Valentin J. , Südmeyer Thomas
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate intra-laser-oscillator HHG reaching 10 µW at 30 eV
generated in argon. The laser operated at 550 MW of intracavity peak
power with 105 fs pulses at 17 MHz repetition rate.
Soliton Self-Frequency Shifted Signal Generation in a Cr:ZnS Based Tunable Sub-100 fs MWIR OPCPA
Authors: Fürtjes Pia Johanna , von Grafenstein Lorenz , Ueberschaer Dennis , Mei Chao , Griebner Uwe , Elsaesser Thomas
Published: January 2022

We present an optical parametric amplification system generating
tunable idler pulses between 5.4 and 6.8 µm with 400 µJ energy and 95
fs duration at a 1 kHz repetition rate.
Mid-Infrared 2.8 μm Ultrafast Pulse Raman Laser with an Average Power of 4.0 W Based on Methane-Filled Anti-Resonant Fiber
Authors: Zhang Xin , Peng Zhigang , Dong Zihan , Hou Yubin , Wang Pu
Published: January 2022

We present a high-power mid-infrared ultrafast pulse Raman laser in a
methane-filled hollow-core anti-resonant fiber, delivering an average
power of 4.0 W and an estimated peak power of 8.0 MW at 2.8 μm.
2.7 μm pulsed vortex beam direct generation from a passively Q-switched Er:YAP laser
Authors: Gao Qinggang , He Yue , Zhou Jingjing , Liu Peng , Wang Zhanxin , Zhao Yongguang , Liu Shande , Zhang Yuping , Zhang Huiyun
Published: January 2022

Direct generation of pulsed scalar vortex beam in the 3-µm spectral
range has been demonstrated from a passively Q-switched Er:YAP laser
employing Fe:ZnSe SA, producing nanosecond vortex lasers with
well-defined handedness.
Single-walled carbon nanotube saturable-absorber mode-locked Tm:CLTGG laser
Authors: Wang Li , Chen Weidong , Pan Zhongben , Loiko Pavel , Bae Ji Eun , Rotermund Fabian , Mateos Xavier , Griebner Uwe , Petrov Valentin
Published: January 2022

We report on the first passively mode-locked Tm3+-doped
calcium tantalum gallium garnet laser generating 69-fs pulses at
2010.4 nm with an average power of 28 mW at a pulse repetition rate of
~87.7 MHz.
Dual Frequency-Comb Spectroscopy with Cr:ZnS Lasers
Authors: Vasilyev Sergey , Smolski Viktor , Peppers Jeremy , Mirov Mike , Moskalev Igor , Barnakov Yury , Muraviev Andrey , Vodopyanov Konstantin , Mirov Sergey , Gapontsev Valentin
Published: January 2022

We report dual-comb spectroscopy experiments with stabilized combs
based on Kerr-lens mode-locked Cr:ZnS lasers. The compact dual-comb
setup features >3W power per each channel, 80-MHz comb-mode
spacing, and 60-THz-wide band centered at 2.4 μm.
Ultrashort Pulse Generation from Kerr-lens Mode-locked Tm-doped Sesquioxide Lasers at 2.1 μm
Authors: Suzuki Anna , Kränkel Christin , Tokurakawa Masaki
Published: January 2022

We report sub-100-fs pulse generation at 2.1 μm from Kerr-lens
mode-locked lasers using Tm:Lu2O3 ceramic and
Tm:Sc2O3 single crystal single gain media as
well as a combined gain media laser using these two materials
simultaneously.
Diode-Pumped Dy:KPb2Cl5 Laser at 4.2-4.45 m
Authors: Savitski Vasili , Schlosser Peter , Isaenko Ludmila , Tarasova Alexandra
Published: January 2022

A Dy:KPb2Cl5 laser oscillating at 4.4 m under
diode laser pumping at 1.7 m is demonstrated for the first time.
Maximum output pulse energy of 0.3 mJ was achieved at 5.2 mJ of
absorbed pump energy.
Mid-Infrared Lasing of Ce3+-Doped Chalcogenide Glass
Authors: Denker B. I. , Galagan B. I. , Sverchkov S. E. , Koltashev V. V. , Plotnichenko V. G. , Sukhanov M. V. , Velmuzhov A. P. , Frolov M. P. , Korostelin Yu. V. , Kozlovsky V. I. , Leonov S. O. , Fjodorow P. , Skasyrsky Ya. K.
Published: January 2022

First observations of mid-infrared lasing of a Ce3+-doped
material are reported. When pumped by a 300-µs pulsed Fe:ZnSe laser
emitting 250-mJ at 4.08 µm, the Ce-glass laser emits about 0.5 mJ,
centered at 5.3 μm.
High Power Diode-Pumped Er:Y2O3 Ceramic Laser at 2.7 µm
Authors: Ding Manman , Li Xuanxi , Wang Jun , Tang Dingyuan , Shen Deyuan , Zhu Heyuan
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate an Er:Y2O3 ceramic laser at ~2.7
µm pumped with a 976 nm laser diode. 8.8 W of output power with a
slope efficiency of 16.6% respect to the absorbed pump power was
obtained.
Powerful Sub-40-fs Yb:YAG Thin-Disk Laser Oscillator Operating in the Regime of Strong Self-Phase Modulation
Authors: Fischer Julian , Drs Jakub , Modsching Norbert , Labaye François , Wittwer Valentin J. , Südmeyer Thomas
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate the generation of 29-fs pulses at 2.5-W and 37-fs pulses
at 17.1-W average power. This is the highest average power of any
sub-50-fs laser oscillator and the shortest pulse duration of any TDL
oscillator.
11 fs, 1.5 PW Laser with Nonlinear Pulse Compression
Authors: Ginzburg Vladislav , Yakovlev Ivan , Kochetkov Anton , Kuzmin Alexey , Mironov Sergey , Shaikin Ilya , Shaykin Andrey , Khazanov Efim
Published: January 2022

A 65 fs laser pulse was compressed to 11 fs after passing through a 5-mm-thick silica plate and reflecting from chirping mirrors with total dispersion -250 fs2. It is the shortest pulse for petawatt lasers.
Robust Self-Referenced Generator of Programmable Multi-Millijoule THz-Rate Bursts
Authors: Stummer Vinzenz , Flöry Tobias , Kaksis Edgar , Pugžlys Audrius , Baltuška Andrius
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate a technique for the programmable generation and
multi-millijoule amplification of ultrashort pulse bursts, which can
be applied to any master-oscillator regenerative-amplifier system with
very low implementation complexity and high stability in burst
performance.
Influence of the CVBG compressor on output parameters of high-power and high-energy laser beam
Authors: Štěpánková Denisa , Zhou Huang , Cho Seryeyohan , Mužík Jiří , Novák Ondřej , Smrž Martin , Mocek Tomáš
Published: January 2022

We demonstrated drawbacks of CVBG compressors of picosecond pulses at
average power exceeding 50W. Significant reduction of beam quality and
peak intensity can be addressed to residual absorption of bulk
material and induced Kerr effect.
Pulse compression of Yb:YAG thin-disk laser pulses by SHG in a BBO crystal with tilting of the pulse fronts
Authors: Duda Martin , Cimrman Martin , Huynh Jaroslav , Novák Ondřej , Smrž Martin
Published: January 2022

We experimentally researched pulse compression with pulse front tilting
by type II SHG in BBO crystal. The 1.7 ps long pulses were frequency
doubled, while the spectrum broadened to 4.5 nm, supporting pulses
shorter than 100 fs.
Mechanism of brightness enhancement in multimode LD-pumped graded-index fiber Raman lasers
Authors: Babin Sergey A. , Kuznetsov Alexey G. , Sidelnikov Oleg S. , Kablukov Sergey I. , Podivilov Evgeny V. , Fedoruk Mikhail P. , Wabnitz Stefan
Published: January 2022

A theory describing experimental beam profiles of multimode fiber Raman
lasers is developed: random mode coupling, Kerr self-cleaning and
spatial filtering play a decisive role in shaping Stokes beams,
whereas depleted pump beams remain insensitive.
Whispery Gallery Mode Polymeric Cylindrical Microlasers.
Authors: Reynoso-de la Cruz H. M. , Ortiz-Ricardo E. , Camarena-Chávez V. A. , Rosas-Román I. , Martínez-Borquez A. , Aranda-Rojas D. , Gutiérrez-Juárez G. , U’Ren A.B. , Castro-Beltran R.
Published: January 2022

Polymeric cylindrical micro-pedestals were fabricated using a low-cost
direct laser writing system. These were coated with Rhodamine 6G dye
to allow lasing action. Microlasers, exhibit Whispering Gallery Modes
with Q ≥ 2000 and a lasing threshold
≤ 5µJcm
–
2.
The Promise of Uniwavelength Cascade Lasing?
Authors: Dubé George
Published: January 2022

Rare earth energy levels allow mostly unreported uniwavelength cascade
lasing from 0.794 to 1.834 μm. Nd:YAG’s 1.834 μm line is treated in
detail. 28 wavelength predictions are presented for Nd, Er, Tm, Ho or
Pr.
New measurement of the thermal expansion coefficient of β-BaB2O4
Authors: Duda Martin , Dušek Michal , Novák Ondřej , Smrž Martin
Published: January 2022

We measured the thermal expansion coefficient α of the
β - BaB2O4 (BBO) nonlinear
crystal to settle the long-lasting dispute existing in the literature.
We measured α
⊥c

≈ 1.0 × 10
–
6 K
–
1 and
α
kc
≈
32.8 × 10
–
6
K
–
1 by X-ray single-crystal
diffractometry.
Single-Frequency Linearly-Polarized Short-Cavity Laser Based on the Er/Yb-codoped Phosphosilicate Fiber
Authors: Rybaltovsky A.A. , Tomyshev K.A. , Lipatov D.S. , Lobanov A.S. , Abramov A.N. , Umnikov A.А. , Trikshev A.I. , Kamynin V.A. , Likhachev M.E. , Butov O.V.
Published: January 2022

The single-frequency linearly-polarized laser was implemented entirely
in a segment of Er/Yb-codoped phosphosilicate single-mode fiber and
Ge-doped polarization-maintain fiber. The slope efficiency was found
to be ~9 %. The spectral linewidth of the laser did not exceed 170
kHz.
A Tm:YAP laser with active Q switching implemented by a paraelectric KLTN crystal
Authors: Nahear Rotem , Bach Yechiel , Noach Salman
Published: January 2022

An actively Q switched Tm:YAP laser employing polarization modulation
by a KLTN electrooptic switch is presented, demonstrating repetition
rates up to 5 kHz and pulse energies of 2.5 mJ at low driving voltage
of 0.7 kV.
Controlling Laser Beam Combining via an Active Reinforcement Learning Algorithm
Authors: Kiran Mariam , Mohammed Bashir , Du Qiang , Wang Dan , Shen Sheng , Wilcox Russell
Published: January 2022

Optimum control for beam combining is a challenging task requiring many
heuristics. Deep reinforcement learning, is successful in learning
complex behaviors, however, in offline settings. Here, we are
exploring how the algorithm can actively control.
Bringing an Inhouse Laser Damage Threshold Testbed Online
Authors: Dabney M. S.
Published: January 2022

In-house Laser Induced Damage Threshold (LIDT) testing not only
provides the QA/QC utility but also the necessary feedback loop to
improve and develop quality laser optics. The development and
implementation of a robust LIDT testbed at Edmund Optics (EO)
presented numerous challenges which resulted in numerous product
offerings. Bringing such an intricate system online and walking it in
is an instructive process and are presented.
Water Soluble CdTe Quantum Dots and their Laser Reverse Patterning in Polyvinyl Alcohol Films
Authors: Antolini Francesco , Orazi Leonardo
Published: January 2022

The CdTe quantum dots of different size are obtained in water and are
dispersed within a polyvinyl alcohol polymer. The nanocomposite is
then irradiated with different UV laser to test the reverse laser
patterning conditions.
High-dynamic range pulse-contrast measurements for wide use in laser development and scientific applications
Authors: Ibek Mateusz , Baudisch Matthias , Büttner Edlef , Staudt Peter
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate a Type-II SHG-autocorrelator, enabling pulse contrast
measurements for the nJ-energy range with signal-to-noise ratios of
more than 107. The setup features temporal resolution of 25
fs with a wide scanrange of 1100 ps.
Exploiting Local Contrast Laser Speckle Photography for Surface Topometry of Laser Metal Deposition
Authors: Al-Sayed Samar Reda , Youssef Doaa
Published: January 2022

The presented work proves the ability of laser speckle
photography-based local contrast analysis as a high-speed, inexpensive
and non-destructive technique to identify surface roughness of
deposited layer on a substrate after laser metal deposition
processing.
Pulse shape degradation from optical surface modulations in a spherical Öffner stretcher
Authors: Siebold Mathias , Albach Daniel , Hornung Marco , Loeser Markus , Schramm Ulrich
Published: January 2022

We introduce an Öffner stretcher for the diode-pumped Petawatt laser
system PENELOPE developed at the HZDR. Spectral and temporal aspects
of the stretcher system with large aperture spherical mirrors (600 mm
and 250 mm) are analyzed with respect to pulse shape and pulse
contrast ratio.
An ultra-wide tunable femtosecond light source covering over 5 octaves from the UV to the far IR with 80 MHz repetition rate and high spectral brilliance
Authors: Büttner Edlef , Beutler Marcus , Stibenz Gero , Rimke Ingo
Published: January 2022

Starting from a mode-locked femtosecond Yb-laser we generate shot noise
limited pulses tunable from 332 nm up to 18,000 nm using a
synchronously pumped OPO and cascaded SHG, THG, FHG and DFG
generation.
Influence of backward reflection on thermally-induced mode instability in high-power fiber amplifiers
Authors: Tao Rumao , Xie Lianghua , Liu Yu , Zhang Chun , Li Min , Feng Xi , Shen Benjian , Huang Shan , Li Yuwei , Li Yue , Wu Wenjie , Lin Honghuan , Wang Jianjun , Jing Feng
Published: January 2022

Models of thermally-induced mode instability, taking the backward
reflection into consideration, has been derived, and influence of
backward reflection on thermally-induced mode instability has been
studied numerically for the first time. Numerical results reveal that
one percent of backward reflection can result in 33% reduction of mode
instability threshold.
Improved Post-processing in Coherent Heterodyne Phase Noise Measurement at Low Frequencies
Authors: Kurur Arjun , Venkatasubramani Lakshmi Narayanan , Srinivasan Balaji , Venkitesh Deepa
Published: January 2022

We experimentally demonstrate the measurement of FM noise spectrum
using coherent heterodyne technique at different sampling rates, and
accurately determine the spectrum at frequencies as low as 10 Hz using
an improved post-processing technique.
37 MW peak power unstable resonator microchip laser
Authors: Lim Hwan Hong , Taira Takunori
Published: January 2022

We present an unstable cavity Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG microchip
laser generating pulses with an energy of 17 mJ and a duration of 452
ps at 20 Hz repetition rate, corresponding a record peak power of 37.6
MW.
Data-Driven Modeling of Phase Noise Sources in Coherent Beam Combining
Authors: Ayyaswamy P. , Linslal C.L. , Dixit A. , Venkitesh D. , Srinivasan B.
Published: January 2022

We propose and demonstrate a data-driven approach for modeling the
phase noise in a coherent beam combining system. We also demonstrate
the scalability of the model through simulations, which are validated
by experimental results.
Manipulation of TMI Threshold through Dual Tone Seed Modulation in Yb-doped Fiber Amplifier
Authors: Möller Friedrich , Distler Victor , Grimm Florian , Walbaum Till , Schreiber Thomas
Published: January 2022

We present the impact of a modulated dual tone seed on transverse mode
instability in a co-pumped, monolithic, Yb-doped fiber amplifier due
to an oscillating heat load distribution along the fiber.
High efficiency and high power 260 nm deep UV laser pumped by an all-fiberized ytterbium-doped fiber laser
Authors: Fu Q. , Xu L. , Lin D. , Jung Y. , Mahajan S. , Richardson D. J.
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate a 5.8-W, deep-ultraviolet (DUV) laser realized via
frequency-quadrupling of an all-fiberized ytterbium-doped fiber laser.
The DUV laser has a maximum pulse energy of 3.6 μJ and peak power of
6.9 kW with a 1μm-to-260nm conversion efficiency of 26.4%.
Editorial from the New Editor-in-Chief and the New Deputy Editor
Authors: Wang Ruikang K. , Farsiu Sina
Published: January 2022

The new Biomedical Optics Express Editor-in-Chief
Ruikang (Ricky) Wang and new Deputy Editor Sina Farsiu share their
introductory message as they start their editorial terms on
1 January 2022.
Feedback phase sensitivity of a semiconductor laser subject to distributed optical feedback from a fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Skënderas Martin , Gupta Nitish , Jolly Spencer W. , Geernaert Thomas , Virte Martin
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate that the feedback phase resulting from a wavelength-detuned fiber Bragg grating affects the laser behavior. Highly detailed experimental and theoretical maps of the laser’s dynamics indicate that the border between dynamical states fluctuates in the same manner as the phase change.
Experimental Investigation of Visible Light Communication using PPM Modulated 532nm DPSS Laser
Authors: Subramaniyam C N Siva , Dixit Awakash , Mishra Kanhaiya , Venkitesh Deepa , Srinivasan Balaji
Published: January 2022

We experimentally demonstrate visible light communication (VLC) with PPM modulated 532 nm DPSS laser for link loss upto ~78 dB while supporting bit rates up to 120 kbps and BER better than 1e-6.
Photoinduced dynamics of V4O7
Authors: Bartenev Alexander , Rua Armando , Verbel Camilo , Fernandez Felix , Lysenko Sergiy
Published: January 2022

Ultrafast dynamics of V4O7 reveal complex nonlinearity upon laser excitation across a broad range of temperatures. The formation of the nonequilibrium metal-like phase within several picoseconds is accompanied by the generation of coherent acoustic phonons.
A Coupled-Mode Theory Approach for Consolidating Nonlinearities with Quasinormal Modes
Authors: Christopoulos Thomas , Tsilipakos Odysseas , Kriezis Emmanouil E.
Published: January 2022

A rigorous nonlinear framework for modeling resonant cavities is presented, reconciling perturbation theory/coupled-mode theory approach with quasinormal modes. The framework is tested in characteristic guided and free-space resonant cavities.
3D Printed Mounts for Microdroplet Resonators
Authors: Awerkamp Parker , Fish Davin , King Madison , Hill David , Nordin Gregory P. , Camacho Ryan M.
Published: January 2022

We present a 3D printed structure utilizing quick fabrication and modular designs, enabling the easy creation of microdroplet resonators of varying shapes, sizes, and liquids.
Surface Deposition of YAG Phosphor on Borosilicate glass using a CO2 Laser
Authors: Ali Javed , Madsen Christi
Published: January 2022

A novel method for surface deposition for YAG-Ce phosphor using a CO2 laser is presented. This versatile method reduces the process time multifold and can deposit thick phosphor films for white light applications.
Lagrangian PAFs in multiple optical scattering by two absorptive dielectric parallel cylinders
Authors: Mitri F. G.
Published: January 2022

The objective of this work is to derive semi-analytical integral expressions for the Lagrangian longitudinal (L) and transverse (T) photophoretic asymmetry factors (PAFs) for an aggregate pair of parallel absorptive dielectric cylinders of arbitrary radii in plane waves with arbitrary incidence angles and polarizations. Based on the multiple scattering theory of waves and its rigorous mathematical formalism, the components of the internal electric field vectors in cylindrical coordinates are determined and used subsequently to compute the PAFs. The L- and T-PAFs are directly proportional to the L and T components of the photophoretic (known also as radiometric) force vector, respectively, induced by light absorption inside each dielectric cylinder. The modal expansion method in cylindrical coordinates and adequate boundary matching at the surface of each particle are used to determine the internal coefficients to compute the PAFs. Subsequently, the integral expressions are derived and evaluated assuming TE- and TM-polarized plane waves with arbitrary angles in the polar plane. Additional computations for the dimensionless intensity function are performed, and the corresponding results provide quantitative assessment of the internal heated portions of the absorptive dielectric cylinders at different interparticle distances while illuminated by plane waves with variable incidence angles and polarizations. The results are of some importance in electromagnetic/optical multiple scattering theory and related applications in optical binding, optical tweezers, particle manipulation, and photophoresis.
Terahertz bound states in the continuum with incident angle robustness induced by a dual period metagrating
Authors: Shi Wenqiao , Gu Jianqiang , Zhang Xingyuan , Xu Quan , Han Jiaguang , Yang Quanlong , Cong Longqing , Zhang Weili
Published: January 2022

Metasurface-empowered bound state in the continuum (BIC) provides a unique route for fascinating functional devices with infinitely high quality factors. This method is particularly attractive to the terahertz community because it may essentially solve the deficiencies in terahertz filters, sensors, lasers, and nonlinear sources. However, most BIC metasurfaces are limited to specified incident angles that seriously dim their application prospects. Here, we propose that a dual-period dielectric metagrating can support multiple families of BICs that originate from guided mode resonances in the dielectric grating and exhibit infinite quality factors at arbitrarily tilted incidence. This robustness was analyzed based on the Bloch theory and verified at tilted incident angles. We also demonstrate that inducing geometric asymmetry is an efficient way to manipulate the leakage and coupling of these BICs, which can mimic the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect in our dual-period metagrating. In this demonstration, a slow-light effect with a measured group delay of 117 ps was achieved. The incidence-insensitive BICs proposed here may greatly extend the application scenarios of the BIC effect. The high

Q

factor and outstanding slow-light effect in the metagrating show exciting prospects in realizing high-performance filters, sensors, and modulators for prompting terahertz applications.
Supercontinuum generation in silicon photonics platforms
Authors: Lafforgue Christian , Montesinos-Ballester Miguel , Dinh Thi-Thuy-Duong , Le Roux Xavier , Cassan Eric , Marris-Morini Delphine , Alonso-Ramos Carlos , Vivien Laurent
Published: January 2022

Nonlinear optics has not stopped evolving, offering opportunities to develop novel functionalities in photonics. Supercontinuum generation, a nonlinear optical phenomenon responsible for extreme spectral broadening, attracts the interest of researchers due to its high potential in many applications, including sensing, imaging, or optical communications. In particular, with the emergence of silicon photonics, integrated supercontinuum sources in silicon platforms have seen tremendous progress during the past decades. This article aims at giving an overview of supercontinuum generation in three main silicon-compatible photonics platforms, namely, silicon, silicon germanium, and silicon nitride, as well as the essential theoretical elements to understand this fascinating phenomenon.
Knowledge barriers in a national symptomatic-COVID-19 testing programme
Authors: Graham Mark S. , May Anna , Varsavsky Thomas , Sudre Carole H. , Murray Benjamin , Kläser Kerstin , Antonelli Michela , Canas Liane S. , Molteni Erika , Modat Marc , Cardoso M. Jorge , Drew David A. , Nguyen Long H. , Rader Benjamin , Hu Christina , Capdevila Joan , Hammers Alexander , Chan Andrew T. , Wolf Jonathan , Brownstein John S. , Spector Tim D. , Ourselin Sebastien , Steves Claire J. , Astley Christina M.
Published: January 2022

Symptomatic testing programmes are crucial to the COVID-19 pandemic response. We sought to examine United Kingdom (UK) testing rates amongst individuals with test-qualifying symptoms, and factors associated with not testing. We analysed a cohort of untested symptomatic app users (N = 1,237), nested in the Zoe COVID Symptom Study (Zoe, N = 4,394,948); and symptomatic respondents who wanted, but did not have a test (N = 1,956), drawn from a University of Maryland survey administered to Facebook users (The Global COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey [CTIS], N = 775,746). The proportion tested among individuals with incident test-qualifying symptoms rose from ~20% to ~75% from April to December 2020 in Zoe. Testing was lower with one vs more symptoms (72.9% vs 84.6% p<0.001), or short vs long symptom duration (69.9% vs 85.4% p<0.001). 40.4% of survey respondents did not identify all three test-qualifying symptoms. Symptom identification decreased for every decade older (OR = 0.908 [95% CI 0.883–0.933]). Amongst symptomatic UMD-CTIS respondents who wanted but did not have a test, not knowing where to go was the most cited factor (32.4%); this increased for each decade older (OR = 1.207 [1.129–1.292]) and for every 4-years fewer in education (OR = 0.685 [0.599–0.783]). Despite current UK messaging on COVID-19 testing, there is a knowledge gap about when and where to test, and this may be contributing to the ~25% testing gap. Risk factors, including older age and less education, highlight potential opportunities to tailor public health messages. The testing gap may be ever larger in countries that do not have extensive, free testing, as the UK does.
Short-term, medium-term, and long-term risks of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding after dengue virus infection
Authors: Chien Yu-Wen , Chuang Hui-Ning , Wang Yu-Ping , Perng Guey Chuen , Chi Chia-Yu , Shih Hsin-I
Published: January 2022

Dengue patients have an increased risk of acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. However, whether dengue virus (DENV) infection can cause an increased long-term risk of GI bleeding remains unknown, especially among elderly individuals who commonly take antithrombotic drugs. A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted by analyzing the National Health Insurance Research Databases. Laboratory-confirmed dengue patients from 2002 to 2012 and four matched nondengue controls were identified. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate the acute (<30 days), medium-term (31–365 days), and long-term (>365 days) risks of nonvariceal upper GI bleeding after DENV infection. Stratified analyses by age group (≤50, 51–64, ≥65 years old) were also performed. In total, 13267 confirmed dengue patients and 53068 nondengue matched controls were included. After adjusting for sex, age, area of residence, comorbidities, and medications, dengue patients had a significantly increased risk of nonvariceal upper GI bleeding within 30 days of disease onset (adjusted HR 55.40; 95% CI: 32.17–95.42). However, DENV infection was not associated with increased medium-term and long-term risks of upper GI bleeding overall or in each age group. Even dengue patients who developed acute GI bleeding did not have increased medium-term (adjusted HR; 0.55, 95% CI 0.05–6.18) and long-term risks of upper GI bleeding (adjusted HR; 1.78, 95% CI 0.89–3.55). DENV infection was associated with a significantly increased risk of nonvariceal upper GI bleeding within 30 days but not thereafter. Recovered dengue patients with acute GI bleeding can resume antithrombotic treatments to minimize the risk of thrombosis.
A novel power-amplified jumping behavior in larval beetles (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)
Authors: Bertone Matthew A. , Gibson Joshua C. , Seago Ainsley E. , Yoshida Takahiro , Smith Adrian A.
Published: January 2022

Larval insects use many methods for locomotion. Here we describe a previously unknown jumping behavior in a group of beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae). We analyze and describe this behavior in Laemophloeus biguttatus and provide information on similar observations for another laemophloeid species, Placonotus testaceus. Laemophloeus biguttatus larvae precede jumps by arching their body while gripping the substrate with their legs over a period of 0.22 ± 0.17s. This is followed by a rapid ventral curling of the body after the larvae releases its grip that launches them into the air. Larvae reached takeoff velocities of 0.47 ± 0.15 m s-1 and traveled 11.2 ± 2.8 mm (1.98 ± 0.8 body lengths) horizontally and 7.9 ± 4.3 mm (1.5 ± 0.9 body lengths) vertically during their jumps. Conservative estimates of power output revealed that some but not all jumps can be explained by direct muscle power alone, suggesting Laemophloeus biguttatus may use a latch-mediated spring actuation mechanism (LaMSA) in which interaction between the larvae’s legs and the substrate serves as the latch. MicroCT scans and SEM imaging of larvae did not reveal any notable modifications that would aid in jumping. Although more in-depth experiments could not be performed to test hypotheses on the function of these jumps, we posit that this behavior is used for rapid locomotion which is energetically more efficient than crawling the same distance to disperse from their ephemeral habitat. We also summarize and discuss jumping behaviors among insect larvae for additional context of this behavior in laemophloeid beetles.
Behavioral economic methods to inform infectious disease response: Prevention, testing, and vaccination in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Strickland Justin C. , Reed Derek D. , Hursh Steven R. , Schwartz Lindsay P. , Foster Rachel N. S. , Gelino Brett W. , LeComte Robert S. , Oda Fernanda S. , Salzer Allyson R. , Schneider Tadd D. , Dayton Lauren , Latkin Carl , Johnson Matthew W.
Published: January 2022

The role of human behavior to thwart transmission of infectious diseases like COVID-19 is evident. Psychological and behavioral science are key areas to understand decision-making processes underlying engagement in preventive health behaviors. Here we adapt well validated methods from behavioral economic discounting and demand frameworks to evaluate variables (e.g., delay, cost, probability) known to impact health behavior engagement. We examine the contribution of these mechanisms within a broader response class of behaviors reflecting adherence to public health recommendations made during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four crowdsourced samples (total N = 1,366) completed individual experiments probing a response class including social (physical) distancing, facemask wearing, COVID-19 testing, and COVID-19 vaccination. We also measure the extent to which choice architecture manipulations (e.g., framing, opt-in/opt-out) may promote (or discourage) behavior engagement. We find that people are more likely to socially distance when specified activities are framed as high risk, that facemask use during social interaction decreases systematically with greater social relationship, that describing delay until testing (rather than delay until results) increases testing likelihood, and that framing vaccine safety in a positive valence improves vaccine acceptance. These findings collectively emphasize the flexibility of methods from diverse areas of behavioral science for informing public health crisis management.
Comparative analysis of protein-protein interaction networks in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Hozhabri Hossein , Ghasemi Dehkohneh Roxana Sadat , Razavi Seyed Morteza , Razavi S. Mostafa , Salarian Fatemeh , Rasouli Azade , Azami Jalil , Ghasemi Shiran Melika , Kardan Zahra , Farrokhzad Negar , Mikaeili Namini Arsham , Salari Ali
Published: January 2022

Metastatic lesions leading causes of the majority of deaths in patients with the breast cancer. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the brain (MDA-MB-231 BrM2) and lung (MDA-MB-231 LM2) metastatic cell lines obtained from breast cancer patients compared with those who have primary breast cancer. We identified 981 and 662 DEGs for brain and lung metastasis, respectively. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed seven shared (PLCB1,FPR1,FPR2,CX3CL1,GABBR2,GPR37, andCXCR4)hub genes between brain and lung metastasis in breast cancer. Moreover,GNG2andCXCL8,C3,and PTPN6in the brain andSAA1andCCR5in lung metastasis were found as unique hub genes. Besides, five co-regulation of clusters via seven important co-expression genes (COL1A2, LUM, SPARC, THBS2, IL1B, CXCL8, THY1) were identified in the brain PPI network. Clusters screening followed by biological process (BP) function and pathway enrichment analysis for both metastatic cell lines showed that complement receptor signalling, acetylcholine receptor signalling, and gastric acid secretion pathways were common between these metastases, whereas other pathways were site-specific. According to our findings, there are a set of genes and functional pathways that mark and mediate breast cancer metastasis to the brain and lungs, which may enable us understand the molecular basis of breast cancer development in a deeper levele to the brain and lungs, which may help us gain a more complete understanding of the molecular underpinnings of breast cancer development.
A generalized class of estimators for sensitive variable in the presence of measurement error and non-response
Authors: Zahid Erum , Shabbir Javid , Gupta Sat , Onyango Ronald , Saeed Sadia
Published: January 2022

In this paper, a general class of estimators is proposed for estimating the finite population mean for sensitive variable, in the presence of measurement error and non-response in simple random sampling. Expressions for bias and mean square error up to first order of approximation, are derived. Impact of measurement errors is examined using real data sets, including the survey conducted at Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad. Simulated data sets are also used to observe the performance of the proposed estimators in comparison to some other estimators. We obtain the empirical bias and MSE values for the proposed and the competing estimators.
Maternal depressive symptoms, attendance of sessions and reduction of home safety problems in a randomized toddler safety promotion intervention trial: A latent class analysis
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhu Eric , Hager Erin R. , Black Maureen M.
Published: January 2022

Objective

Little is known about the association between maternal depressive symptoms and attendance at safety promotion interventions. This study used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify the profile of attendance within a toddler safety intervention and assessed its relation with maternal depressive symptoms at baseline and reduction of home safety problems over time, separately.

Methods

The analytic sample included 91 mothers of toddlers (mean maternal age 28.16 years) who were assigned to the safety promotion intervention group as part of a randomized trial and assessed at baseline, 6-month and 12-month follow-ups. Using LCA, we classified mothers into low and high attendance classes based on their attendance at 8 intervention sessions. We assessed maternal depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and home safety problems with a 9-item home safety problem observation.

Results

The mothers were classified into low attendance (45%) and high attendance classes (55%). The posterior probability of attending each session ranged from 0–0.29 for the low attendance class and 0.68–0.92 for the high attendance class. Each one unit increase of BDI sum score at baseline was associated with an 8% reduced odds of being in the high attendance class (aOR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.00, p = 0.037). The home safety problem score reduction was greater among high attendance class participants than low attendance class participants at the 6-month follow-up (b = -1.15, 95% CI:-2.09, -0.20, p = 0.018).

Conclusion

Maternal depressive symptoms were associated with the reduced probability of maternal attendance at toddler safety promotion sessions; high session attendance was related to greater reduction of toddler home safety problems. Identifying risk factors for maternal low attendance to interventions and developing strategies to promote attendance should lead to reductions in home safety problems and reductions in unintentional injuries among young children.
New York City jails: COVID discharge policy, data transparency, and reform
Authors: Miller Eli , Martin Bryan D. , Topaz Chad M.
Published: January 2022

During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Mayor Bill de Blasio ordered the release of individuals incarcerated in New York City jails who were at high risk of contracting the disease and at low risk of committing criminal reoffense. Using public information, we construct and analyze a database of nearly 350,000 incarceration episodes in the city jail system from 2014—2020, paying special attention to what happened during the week of March 23—29, 2020, immediately following the mayor’s order. In concordance with de Blasio’s stated policy, we find that being discharged during this focus week is associated with a lower probability of readmission as compared to being discharged during the same calendar week in previous years. Furthermore, comparing the individuals discharged during the focus week of 2020 to those discharged during the same calendar week in previous years, we find that the former group was, on average, slightly older than the latter group, although the difference is not large. Additionally, the individuals in the former group had spent substantially longer in jail than those in the latter group. With the release of long-serving individuals demonstrated to be feasible, we also examine how the jail population would have looked over the past six years had caps in incarceration been in place. With a cap of one year, the system would experience a 15% decrease in incarceration. With a cap of 100 days, the reduction would be over 50%. Because our results are only as accurate as New York City’s public-facing jail data, we discuss numerous challenges with this data and suggest improvements related to the incarcerated individual’s age, gender, race, and more. Finally, we discuss the policy implications of our work, highlight some opportunities and challenges posed by incarceration caps, and suggest key areas for reform. One such reform might involve identifying and discharging low-risk individuals sooner in general, which might be feasible given the de Blasio administration’s actions during the early stages of COVID-19.
Behavioral responses of blue-winged teal and northern shoveler to unmanned aerial vehicle surveys
Authors: Ryckman Mason D. , Kemink Kaylan , Felege Christopher J. , Darby Brian , Vandeberg Gregory S. , Ellis-Felege Susan N.
Published: January 2022

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become a popular wildlife survey tool. Most research has focused on detecting wildlife using UAVs with less known about behavioral responses. We compared the behavioral responses of breeding blue-winged teal (Spatula discors) (n = 151) and northern shovelers (Spatula clypeata) (n = 46) on wetlands flown over with a rotary DJI Matrice 200 quadcopter and control wetlands without flights. Using a GoPro camera affixed to a spotting scope, we conducted focal individual surveys and recorded duck behaviors for 30 minutes before, during, and 30 minutes after UAV flights to determine if ducks flushed or changed in specific activities. We also conducted scan surveys during flights to examine flushing and movement on the entire wetland. Between 24 April and 27 May 2020, we conducted 42 paired (control and flown) surveys. Both teal and shovelers increased proportion of time engaged in overhead vigilance on flown wetlands from pre-flight to during flight (0.008 to 0.020 and 0.006 to 0.032 of observation time, respectively). Both species left the wetland more frequently during flights than ducks on control wetlands. Despite similarities between species, we observed marked differences in time each species spent on active (e.g., feeding, courtship, swimming), resting, and vigilant behaviors during flights. Overall, teal became less active during flights (0.897 to 0.834 of time) while shovelers became more active during this period (0.724 to 0.906 of time). Based upon scan surveys, ducks flushed in 38.1% of surveys while control wetlands only had a single (2.4%) flush during the flight time. We found launch distance was the most important predictor of whether ducks swam for cover or away from the UAV which could result in inaccurate counts. Ducks appear aware of UAVs during flights, but minimal behavioral shifts suggest negative fitness consequences are unlikely.