bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Auton'Al 60: Prevention program for the loss of autonomy of elderly in France
Authors: Lavefve Laura , Branchu Julie , Breil Béatrice , Depeint Flore , Pouillart Philippe , Niamba Claude-Narcisse , Younes Hassan , Buche-Foissy Cécile , Illner Anne-Kathrin
Published: June 2020

Introduction

The loss of autonomy in elderly varies according to the individual health status, but also to the social and psychological environment. Multiple risk factors play a role, including limited access to a balanced diet, physical inactivity or a poor social network. Prevention programs must therefore be based on a multidimensional approach, but are rarely studied with regard to their effectiveness.

Materials and methods

The objective of the Auton'Al 60 program is to prevent the loss of autonomy related to diet, physical activity and mental health in elderly, aged 60 to 89, in the county of Oise, North of France. Between February and July 2018, 7 different prevention workshops were conducted in 5 geographical areas (urban and rural). A blog and a monthly newsletter have been created to limit the loss to follow- up. Evaluation was based on an in-depth interview at T0 inquiring about the level of autonomy, the dietary habits and the health status, as well as on 2 self-administered questionnaires during and at the end of the program. In addition, each workshop has been evaluated separately according to key indicators. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.

Results

69 workshops have been completed during 5 months. In total, 91 subjects (27.8% men - 71.9% women) participated in at least one workshop, with a mean age of 69.1 years (± 6.3). 72.6% of the subjects were present at 6 or 7 workshops, and 49.5% participated in all activities. A state of loss of autonomy was reported by 6.7% of the participants. 32.6% of the population were chronic-disease-free and 43.8% had a normal BMI (kg / m2). The prevalence of obesity was 15.7%. The program showed effectiveness to decrease the consumption of high-fat products in 52.9% as well as the consumption of sugary products in 60.9% of the participants. Furthermore, 23.2% of the subjects started a new social activity during the program. However, compared to other age groups observed fragility seemed to be particularly high in elderly aged from 66 to 69 years.

Conclusion

The Auton'Al 60 program confirms the heterogeneity in the level of autonomy, health status and health behavior in elderly. The multidimensional approach has shown satisfactory effectiveness. Prevention strategies have been developed for isolated or low-income subjects and are under current evaluation.
Optimisation of a targeted approach to the delivery of personalised dietary advice
Authors: Hillesheim Elaine , Brennan Lorraine
Published: June 2020

Targeted nutrition is defined as personalised nutrition tailored to groups of individuals. Such groups can be identified based on metabolic profiles and are named metabotypes. Metabotypes have been identified in a range of populations and offer the potential to deliver personalised nutrition advice. The objective of the current study was to optimise a targeted approach to deliver dietary advice through comparison with an individualised approach. Study participants (n = 160) were classified into metabotypes previously defined by four markers (triacylglycerols (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c, and glucose) in a cross-sectional study with Irish adults. Targeted advice was designed using a decision tree approach. A personalised approach was achieved through the use of the Food4Me decision trees(1). Agreement between methods was compared and the metabotype approach was optimised to incorporate the most prevalent advice exclusively given by the Food4Me decision trees. The optimised metabotype approach was subsequently tested by comparison with individualised advice manually compiled by a dietitian. Individuals in metabotype-1 had high TC (median 5.0 mmol/L, interquartile range 4.2–5.4 mmol/L); individuals in metabotype-2 had normal concentrations of the four biomarkers; and individuals in metabotype-3 had high TAG (1.8, mmol/L 1.4–2.6 mmol/L) and TC (5.4 mmol/L, 4.8–5.9 mmol/L), with the highest BMI and diastolic blood pressure, and the most unfavourable profile for glycaemia (highest fasting insulin and HOMA-IR). Using the metabotype approach, advice for lowering TC, weight, waist circumference, TAG, and blood pressure was given to 79.4%, 46.9%, 28.1%, 20.6%, and 11.9% of the individuals, respectively. Considering the personalised approach, the most frequent advice was given to improve the intake of saturated fatty acids (56.5%), fibre (56.0%), and folate (55.0%). The total agreement between the methods was 64.0%. The optimised metabotype approach revealed a good total agreement of 80.3% with the individualised manual approach, especially in metabotype-1 (93.8%) and metabotype-3 (94.3%). Agreement was higher in females (84.8% vs. 76.4%, p = 0.02) and in older (≥ 45 years old) people (92.5% vs. 78.1%, p = 0.02). These results confirm metabotypes as a promising approach to deliver targeted dietary advice. Future work should ascertain if targeted nutrition is effective in changing behaviours that will affect health outcomes.
Moderate coffee consumption associated with lower risk of mortality in prior Acute Coronary Syndrome patients: prospective analysis in ERICO cohort
Authors: Miranda Andreia , Goulart Alessandra , Benseñor Isabela , Lotufo Paulo , Marchioni Dirce
Published: June 2020

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages around the world. Several studies have observed an inverse association between coffee consumption and all-cause mortality in population-based studies. Nevertheless, little is known about these associations in patient populations with a prior Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). To examine the association between coffee consumption and the risk of mortality in patients with a prior acute myocardial infarction (MI) or unstable angina. Data were from the longitudinal prospective study “Strategy of Registry of Acute Coronary Syndrome Cohort - ERICO”. The cohort involved 1,085 patients diagnosed with ACS, between 2009 to 2013. For this analysis we used data after 180 days until 4 years’ follow-up, totalizing 928 participants. The coffee consumption was obtained using a questionnaire multiplying the reported frequency by the reported portion size. Subsequently was calculated the average of coffee intake (mL/day) and categorized (cups/day) into ≤ 1, 1–3, and > 3. Information on mortality was ascertained by medical registries and death certificates. Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality according to coffee consumption adjusted for potential confounders were performed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves with the log-rank test were analyzed. Most patients (99.0%) drank coffee, and the median total coffee intake was 125 mL/day. During a median follow-up of 4 years, a total of 111 deaths occurred, including 59 CVD-related and 24 MI-related deaths. Moderate coffee consumption was inversely associated with all-cause mortality. Participants who consumed 1–3 cups of coffee/day, showed an 81% lower risk of all-cause mortality than those who consumed ≤ 1 cup/day (adjusted HR 0.19; 95%CI: 0.11, 0.34). For patients with higher coffee consumption (> 3 cups/day), there was a positive association with mortality, with HR of 2.10 (95%CI: 1.05, 4.22). Corresponding HRs were 0.22 (95%CI: 0.11, 0.48) for 1–3 cups/day and 2.66 (95%CI: 1.04, 6.83) for > 3 cups/day for CVD mortality; and 0.23 (95%CI: 0.07, 0.71) and 1.59 (95%CI: 0.25, 10.0) for MI mortality, respectively. After stratification by smoking status the analysis revealed lower risk of all-cause mortality in never and former smokers drinking 1–3 cups/day (HRs 0.10; 95%CI: 0.04, 0.24 and 0.18; 0.08, 0.42, respectively). Among current smokers there was a positive association between > 3 cups/day and mortality (HR 8.50; 95%CI: 1.18, 16.35). The moderate consumption of coffee, impacted in a lower risk of all-cause, CVD and MI mortality in patients with a prior Acute Coronary Syndrome, particularly in nonsmokers.
Comparing the plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) profile of beef cattle fed on different finishing diets
Authors: Pourshahidi L. K. , Neill H. R. , Sittlington J. J. , Slevin M. M. , Yeates A. J. , Law R. A. , McWhinney M. , Strain J. J. , Price R. K.
Published: June 2020

Red meat is an important dietary source of protein and many other essential nutrients including omega(n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) which provide numerous benefits to human health. It is well known that grass-fed meat contains a more favourable fatty acid profile, compared to other feeding regimes, but the feasibility of grass finishing is in decline for many farmers/producers. Therefore, alternative methods to enhance the fatty acid profile of red meats, such as beef, are needed to meet increasing consumer demands for ‘healthier’ products. This study compared plasma PUFA concentrations across cattle finished on three different feeding regimes. Three farms supplied livestock to the current study, where cattle were fed three different feeding regimes for a minimum of 15-weeks prior to slaughter. Feeding regimes were ad lib concentrate (negative control), n3-enriched ad lib concentrate (treatment) or grass-fed only (positive control). Blood was collected at slaughter into EDTA tubes and plasma aliquots were stored at -80°C until analysis. A validated gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was used to quantify individual PUFA concentrations in mg/ml [linoleic acid (LA); arachidonic acid (AA); alpha-linolenic acid (ALA); eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); docosapentaenoic acid (DPA); docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]. Samples from 23, 49 and 40 animals (in control, treatment & grass groups, respectively) were available for the current analysis. One-way ANOVA tests revealed significant differences between groups in all PUFA concentrations quantified (all P < 0.026). Post-hoc (LSD) tests showed mean ± SD n3 PUFA concentrations were significantly different within all three groups (all P < 0.04), increasing from negative control (0.049 ± 0.013 mg/ml), to treatment (0.095 ± 0.034 mg/ml) and grass-fed groups (0.461 ± 0.132 mg/ml). The opposite was observed for mean ± SD n6 PUFA concentrations (1.060 ± 0.297 vs. 0.918 ± 0.267 vs. 0.355 ± 0.085 mg/ml, respectively; all P < 0.02). Cattle finished on either treatment or grass regimes had a more favourable n6:n3 PUFA ratio, compared to negative control (11.98 and 0.79 vs. 22.65, respectively). This study demonstrates that the finishing diet can impact plasma PUFA concentrations of beef cattle. Animals finished on the n3-enriched concentrate had, on average, double the total n3 PUFA concentrations, as well as an improved n6:n3 ratio, compared to control cattle. These results provide preliminary data on an alternative n3-enriched feeding regime for beef cattle to improve PUFA concentrations. Further research, however, is required to confirm if such beneficial changes are also observed in bovine muscle, which would have direct benefits for consumers.
The effect of a fibre extract from the red seaweed, Palmaria palmata, on lipid metabolism and inflammation in healthy adults
Authors: Irwin Zoe , McSorley Emeir M. , Slevin Mary M. , Rowan Lisa , McMillen Paul , McCullagh Danielle , Magee Pamela J. , Gill Christopher I. R. , Cherry Paul , Crowe William , Strain Conall R. , Stanton Catherine , Allsopp Philip J.
Published: June 2020

Evidence from observational studies indicates that seaweed consumption may reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type two diabetes, and obesity. Accumulating evidence from in vitro and animal studies suggest seaweed have antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which may in part be attributed to the high content of soluble dietary fibre in seaweeds. The viscosity of seaweed fibres is suggested to mediate antihyperlipdiemic effects via the alteration of lipid/bile acid absorption kinetics to decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL). Thus, there is a need to evaluate the efficacy of seaweed derived dietary fibre in the management of dyslipidemia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of a fibre rich extract from Palmaria palmata on the lipid profile as well as markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in healthy adults. A total of 60 healthy participants (30 male and 30 female) aged 20 to 58 years, were assigned to consume the Palmaria palmata fibre extract (5g/day), Synergy-1 and the placebo (maltodextrin) for a duration of 4 weeks with a minimum 4 week washout between each treatment in a double blind, randomised crossover study conducted over 5 months. Fasting concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) were analysed and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and LDL: HDL ratio was calculated. C-reactive protein (CRP) and Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) were analysed as markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, respectively. Supplementation for 4 weeks with Palmaria palmata resulted in favourable changes to lipid profiles with a reduced LDL:HDL ratio; however intention-to-treat univariate ANCOVA identified no significant difference between the treatment groups over time on any of the lipid profile markers. A non-significant increase in CRP and triglyceride concentration along with lower FRAP was also observed with Palmaria palmata supplementation. Evidence from this study suggests that Palmaria palmata may have effects on lipid metabolism and appears to mobilise triglycerides. More research is needed in individuals with dyslipidaemia to fully elucidate these effects.
Prospective associations between combined physical activity and sedentary behaviours and milk and yogurt consumption. Results from the IDEFICS study
Authors: Pasias Alba M Santaliestra , González-Gil Esther M. , Pala Valeria , Intemann Timm , Hebestreit Antje , Russo Paola , Van Aart Carola , Rise Patrizia , Veidebaum Toomas , Molnar Denes , Tornaritis Michael , Eiben Gabriele , Moreno Luis
Published: June 2020

Background

The knowledge about the association of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours (SB) with the most considered healthy dairy products consumption, as milk and yogurt, in childhood is scared.

Aim

To assess the longitudinal relationship between specific lifestyle behaviours (PA and SB) and combined dairy consumption (milk + yogurt) in a sample of European children.

Methods

Two measurements, with 2 years’ interval (T0 and T1), were conducted in 1 688 (50.8% boys) childrenfrom the IDEFICS study. Dietary information was parental-registered by a 24-hour dietary recall. At both time points, sedentary behaviour and objective estimation of PA was obtained by accelerometers. Different groups were defined according to the international children's PA and SB behaviours recommendations over time. The cut-offs for the SB and PA recommendations were established on 2hour/day of SB and 2 hour/day of moderate to vigorous PA. Multilevel ordinal logistic regression models were used to assess the group's association with the combined dairy consumption (milk + yogurt), adjusted for potential confounders (sex, body mass index zscore, intervention versus control region, parental education level, dietary quality index, energy intake and the consumption by each dairy group at T0).

Results

Nine groups of meeting or not both recommendations (SB and PA) were obtained. Those children who meeting both lifestyle recommendations at both measurement points, had higher probability to consume more milk and yogurt (p < 0.05), in comparison to the rest of combinations.Those children who did not meet any recommendations at both time points were less likely to consume milk + yogurt (OR: 0.47, 95%CI:0.26–0.83) than those who met both recommendations at both time points. Those children which improved one behaviours (PA or SB) between both measurement point were associated with low consumption of milk + yogurt (OR:0.41, 95%CI 0.22;0.74; OR:0.40, 95%CI 0.22,0.72), compared with those who meet both lifestyle recommendations at both periods (T0 and T1). Also, those which improved both behaviours (PA and SB) were less likely to consume milk + yogurt (OR:0.34, 95%CI 0.15–0.80) than those who were physically active and low sedentary at both time points.

Conclusions

These results suggest that European children with a healthy lifestyle regarding PA and SB over time, had the highest milk and yogurt consumption in comparison with other children.
A review of the short- and long-term impact of weight loss on appetite in youth: what do we know and where to from here?
Authors: Truby Helen , Bennett Christie , Martins Catia
Published: June 2020

This review seeks to synthesise our knowledge about changes in hunger and satiety that occur during diet-induced weight loss and during weight loss maintenance, with a particular focus on youth with obesity. Mechanisms of appetite responses to weight loss rely heavily on the adult literature. Physiological mechanisms that control appetite and satiety via the gut–brain axis have been elucidated but we have an incomplete picture of changes in gut hormones and peptides in youth with obesity. In adolescents, the role of the brain in long-term sensing of body composition and modifying appetite and satiety changes is easily over-ridden by hedonic influences for the reward of highly palatable sweet foods and encourages over-consumption. Accordingly, reward cues and hyper-responsiveness to palatable foods lead to a pattern of food choices. Different reward systems are necessary that are substantial enough to reward the continued individual effort required to sustain new behaviours, that need to be adopted to support a reduced body weight. Periods of growth and development during childhood provide windows of opportunity for interventions to influence body weight trajectory but long-term studies are lacking. More emphasis needs to be placed on anticipatory guidance on how to manage powerful hedonic influences of food choice, essential to cope with living in our obesogenic environment and managing hunger which comes with the stronger desire to eat after weight has been lost.
Sexual symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder following childhood sexual abuse: a network analysis
Authors: Kratzer Leonhard , Heinz Peter , Schennach Rebecca , Knefel Matthias , Schiepek Günter , Biedermann Sarah V. , Büttner Melanie
Published: June 2020

Background

Even though recent research indicates that sexual symptoms are highly prevalent in post-traumatic stress disorder following childhood sexual abuse and cause severe distress, current treatments neither address them nor are they effective in reducing them. This might be due to a lack of understanding of sexual symptoms' specific role in the often complex and comorbid psychopathology of post-traumatic stress disorder following childhood abuse.

Methods

Post-traumatic, dissociative, depressive, and sexual symptoms were assessed in 445 inpatients with post-traumatic stress disorder following childhood sexual abuse. Comorbidity structure was analyzed using a partial correlation network with regularization.

Results

A total of 360 patients (81%) reported difficulties engaging in sexual activities and 102 patients (23%) reported to suffer from their sexual preferences. Difficulties engaging in sexual activities were linked to depressive and hyperarousal symptoms, whereas sexual preferences causing distress were linked to anger and dissociation. Dissociative amnesia, visual intrusions, and physical reactions to trauma reminders were of central importance for the network. Dissociative amnesia, depressed mood, lack of energy, and difficulties engaging in sexual activities were identified as bridge symptoms. Local clustering analysis indicated the non-redundancy of sexual symptoms.

Conclusions

Sexual symptoms are highly prevalent in survivors of childhood sexual abuse with post-traumatic stress disorder. Further research is needed regarding the link of difficulties engaging in sexual activities, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as regarding the association of dissociation and sexual preferences causing distress. Sexual symptoms require consideration in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder following childhood sexual abuse.
Kevin Volans: piano:string quartet:chopin, x:y:k. Melvyn Tan, Calefax, Signum Quartett. Wigmore Hall, 11 December 2019
Authors: Fourie William
Published: June 2020

Kevin Volans achieved remarkable fame in the late 1980s and early 1990s with the Kronos Quartet's recordings of White Man Sleeps and Hunting:Gathering. With record-breaking album sales, he was perhaps even one of the most accessible twentieth-century composers operating outside of the popular or film music spheres. Thirty years later, his position could not be more different. Volans's controversial 2016 keynote at the Contemporary Music Centre Ireland, entitled ‘If You Need an Audience, We Don't Need You’, announced most vehemently his current stance in its Babbittean (or, more accurately perhaps, Feldmanesque) denouncement of populism and the music industry. For him, the tactics of publicists and marketers engender a breakdown in respect between audience and composer, while short-form works required by festivals are the epitome of a composition culture in regression.
Guillaume Connesson Les Bains Macabre. Théâtre de l'Athénée Louis-Jouvet, Paris, 1 February 2020
Authors: Hughes Bernard
Published: June 2020

Guillaume Connesson is a French composer widely performed across Europe and the US, but almost entirely unheard in the UK, in concert or broadcast. The article ‘Glimmers in a Dark Age’ (TEMPO 73/288 (2019), 70–80) was my attempt to introduce a British audience to a composer whose work I find compelling, beautifully crafted and worthy of wider attention.
EVERYTHING IS CONNECTED: RICHARD BARRETT AT 60
Authors: Rutherford-Johnson Tim
Published: June 2020

Based on email interviews and the recently published book Music of Possibility, this article considers the work of the Welsh composer Richard Barrett, who turned 60 in 2019. A brief overview of Barrett's work since the late 1980s is offered, alongside discussion of the work-cycle currently in progress: natural causes, based on texts by the late Simon Howard. Among the themes considered are Barrett's interest in working in cycles such as these; aspects of his compositional technique, in particular serialism and heterophony; the influence of popular music; environmental art; and the shadow of Schubert.
Rethinking non-recognition: The EU’s Investment Agreement with Taiwan under the One-China Policy
Authors: Hsieh Pasha L.
Published: June 2020

This article re-examines the theories of recognition and non-recognition in the context of the evolving framework of the European Union (EU)’s trade and investment relations with Taiwan from legal and international relations perspectives. Notwithstanding its one-China policy, the EU has developed a pragmatic approach to engaging Taiwan under bilateral consultations and World Trade Organization negotiations that have built the foundation for the bilateral investment agreement (BIA). The article argues that since the 1980s, the EU has accorded diverse forms of recognition to Taiwan and the BIA will buttress the process. To substantiate the contention, the article systemically explores the political and trade policies of European states and EU institutions in line with their strategies toward cross-strait relations.

By deciphering the new momentum that has galvanized the European Commission’s strategy towards the EU-Taiwan BIA, the research sheds light on the implications of European Parliament resolutions and the EU’s investment talks with China. The structure and impact of the BIA are also analysed in light of EU investment protection agreements with Singapore and Vietnam. Hence, the findings contribute to the interdisciplinary study of international law and international relations and enhance the understanding of the EU’s Asia-Pacific trade and investment agreements.
Extending digital literacies: Proposing an agentive literacy to tackle the problems of distractive technologies in language learning
Authors: Murray Liam , Giralt Marta , Benini Silvia
Published: June 2020

In a poll (ReImagineEdu, 2016) looking at the digital profile of nearly 1,000 learners, it was reported that 78% of students worry about digital technologies distracting them from study. In attempting to contribute to this emerging debate (Aaron & Lipton, 2018), this article investigates the experiences, perceptions and awareness of undergraduate language learners (n = 215, over a 3-year period) of the distractive nature of technology and the discerned impact upon their own student language learning and performance. The study is based on data gathered from university language students engaged in a specific language technology module. The module, interalia, sought to develop awareness of the time spent online by participants while using a number of resources. A mixed-methods approach was employed to conduct this research where qualitative and quantitative data emerged respectively from individual student blogs, reflective reports of their blogging experiences, group interviews and questionnaires. Our outcomes reveal a severe lack of student awareness on the final amount of time they spent online, this being due to a number of factors. However, there is some awareness and perception on their part of how heavily disruptive technology can be for their language learning. Our final conclusions include several recommendations and propose a deictic critical digital literacy for dealing with such distractions – we are calling this a strategic agentive literacy.
Comparison of different BMI cut-offs to screen for child and adolescent obesity in urban China
Authors: Qian Kun , Tan Linglin , Li Shijian , Li Ziang , Yu Feng , Liang Huigang , Gao Sihan , Ren Xiaofan , Zhang Jing , Zhang Zhiruo
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

To determine which set of BMI cut-offs is the most appropriate to define child and adolescent obesity in urban China.

Design:

A cross-sectional study was carried out between 1 November and 31 December in 2017.

Setting:

Community Healthcare Center in Minhang District, Shanghai, China.

Participants:

A total of 12 426 children and adolescents aged 7–17 years were selected by cluster random sampling. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was the gold standard to measure body composition.

Results:

Comparisons of three sets of BMI cut-offs by sensitivity and κ value revealed that the Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC) (sensitivity 39·9–84·0 %; κ 0·51–0·79) and WHO (sensitivity 25·5–74·5 %; κ 0·35–0·78) cut-offs were not superior to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) (sensitivity 47·9–92·4 %; κ 0·58–0·85) cut-offs across all subgroups. The WGOC and WHO cut-offs yielded higher misclassification rates, in the worst case, categorising 11·2 % of girls with high adiposity as normal and 44·4 % of them as overweight, while the IOTF cut-offs categorised 2·3 % as normal and 30·7 % as overweight. Individuals who were classified by the IOTF cut-offs as overweight had the lowest ratios of high adiposity (4·2–41·6 %) than by the BMI cut-offs for each subgroup. Among pubertal girls, none of the BMI-based cut-offs indicated excellent agreement with body fat percentage, and κ value of the WHO cut-offs (0·35 (95 % CI 0·29, 0·41)) was lower than the other two sets of BMI cut-offs (all P < 0·001).

Conclusions:

The IOTF cut-offs for Asian should be recommended for child obesity screening in urban China. Pubertal individuals need a more accurate indicator of obesity screening.
A War Generation?: The Radcliffe College Community in the Great War Era, 1914–1926
Authors: McGuire Michael
Published: June 2020

Over 2,000 Radcliffe College students, administrators, and alumnae irregularly involved themselves in World War I (WWI) activism. While most matriculating and matriculated Radcliffe members collectively contributed to war work, their individual records illuminate peculiar paradoxes that challenge historical concepts of America's WWI culture. Radcliffe females generally assumed war tasks untethered to their professional experiences and political aspirations. Many undergraduates and graduates contended that they chose, circumscribed and concluded war-connected work at their discretion—not Radcliffe's and/or America's. Moreover, domestic efforts designed to awaken Americans' war patriotism and activity encountered a decidedly dormant and indulgent Cambridge college compound. Not until fall 1918—over a year into U.S. belligerency—did Radcliffe's campus completely mobilize for ‘selfless' war service. Radcliffe's WWI-related chronicles—including its members’ post-hostilities humanitarian activity—suggest that “coercive voluntarism” and “complete citizenship” were not ubiquitous forces in WWI America.
Strong FeII emission in NLS1s: An unsolved mystery
Authors: Panda Swayamtrupta , Małek Katarzyna , Śniegowska Marzena , Czerny Bożena
Published: June 2020

In Panda et al.2018a, we constructed a refined sample from the original Shen et al.(2011) QSO catalog. Based on our hypothesis — the main driver of the Quasar Main Sequence is the maximum of the accretion disk temperature (TBBB) defined by the Big Blue Bump on the Spectral Energy Distribution (Panda et al.2017; Panda et al.2018b). We select the four extreme sources that have RFeII ⩾ 4.0 and use {CIGALE (Boquien et al.2018) to fit their multi—band photometric data. We also perform detailed spectral fitting including the Fe II pseudo—continuum (based on Śniegowska et al.2018)) to estimate and compare the value of RFEII. We show the dependence of FeII strength on changing metallicity.
Panchromatic study of the first galaxies with large ALMA programs
Authors: Faisst A. , Béthermin M. , Capak P. , Cassata P. , Le Fèvre O. , Schaerer D. , Silverman J. , Yan L. ,   the ALPINE team
Published: June 2020

Thanks to deep optical to near-IR imaging and spectroscopy, significant progress is made in characterizing the rest-frame UV to optical properties of galaxies in the early universe (z > 4. Surveys with Hubble, Spitzer, and ground-based facilities (Keck, Subaru, and VLT) provide spectroscopic and photometric redshifts, measurements of the spatial structure, stellar masses, and optical emission lines for large samples of galaxies. Recently, the Atacama Large (Sub) Millimeter Array (ALMA) has become a major player in pushing studies of high redshift galaxies to far-infrared wavelengths, hence making panchromatic surveys over many orders of frequencies possible. While past studies focused mostly on bright sub-millimeter galaxies, the sensitivity of ALMA now enables surveys like ALPINE, which focuses on measuring the gas and dust properties of a large sample of normal main-sequence galaxies at z > 4. Combining observations across different wavelengths into a single, panchromatic picture of galaxy formation and evolution is currently and in the future an important focus of the astronomical community.
FIRSTLIGHT: Cosmological simulations of first galaxies at cosmic dawn
Authors: Ceverino Daniel
Published: June 2020

Using the FirstLight database of 300 zoom-in cosmological simulations we provide rest-frame UV-optical spectral energy distributions of galaxies with complex star-formation histories that are coupled to the non-uniform gas accretion history of galactic halos during cosmic dawn. The population at any redshift is very diverse ranging from starbursts to quiescent galaxies even at a fixed stellar mass. The FirstLight simulations make predictions on the rest-frame UV-optical absolute magnitudes, colors and optical emission lines of galaxies at z = 6–12 that will be observed for the first time with JWST and the next generation of telescopes in the coming decade.
The distribution and physical properties of high-redshift [Oiii] emitters in a cosmological hydrodynamics simulation
Authors: Moriwaki Kana
Published: June 2020

Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has enabled us to detect [Oiii] 88 μm line even at z > 9. To study the properties of high-redshift [Oiii] emitters, we calculate [Oiii] luminosities of galaxies in a cosmological simulation by applying a physical model of Hii region and using the photoionization code cloudy. We find that the [Oiii] 88 μm luminosity, LOIII,88, scales with SFR with slightly larger LOIII,88 than a local relation. Some [Oiii] emitters have extended disk-like structure. We propose to use the ratio between [Oiii] 88 μm line and [Oiii] 5007 Å line, which can be detected with James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), to estimate the gas density and the metallicity in HII region of high-redshift [Oiii] emitters.
Detections of far-infrared [OIII] and dust emission in a galaxy at z = 8.312: Early metal enrichment in the heart of the reionization era
Authors: Tamura Y. , Mawatari K. , Hashimoto T. , Inoue A. K. , Zackrissonm E. , Christensen L. , Binggeli C. , Matsuda Y. , Matsuo H. , Takeuchi T. T. , Asano R. S. , Sunaga K. , Shimizu I. , Okamoto T. , Yoshida N. , Lee M. , Shibuya T. , Taniguchi Y. , Umehata H. , Hatsukade B. , Kohno K. , Ota K.
Published: June 2020

We present ALMA detection of the [O iii] 88 μm line and 850 μm dust continuum emission in a Y-dropout Lyman break galaxy, MACS0416_Y1. The [O iii] detection confirms the object with a spectroscopic redshift to be z = 8.3118±0.0003. The 850 μm continuum intensity (0.14 mJy) implies a large dust mass on the order of 4×106M⊙. The ultraviolet-to-far infrared spectral energy distribution modeling, where the [O iii] emissivity model is incorporated, suggests the presence of a young (τage ≍ 4 Myr), star-forming (SFR ≍ 60M⊙yr−1), and moderately metal-polluted (Z ≍ 0.2Z⊙) stellar component with a stellar mass of 3 × 108M⊙. An analytic dust mass evolution model with a single episode of star formation does not reproduce the metallicity and dust mass in ≍ 4 Myr, suggesting an underlying evolved stellar component as the origin of the dust mass.
Probing the building blocks of galaxies: Sub-galactic scaling relations between X-ray luminosity, SFR and stellar mass
Authors: Kouroumpatzakis K. , Zezas A. , Sell P. H. , Bonfini P. , Ashby M. L. N. , Willner S. P.
Published: June 2020

It is well known that X-ray luminosity (Lx) originating from high mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) is tightly correlated with the host galaxy’s star formation rate (SFR). We explore this connection using a sample representative of the star-formation activity in the local Universe (Star-Formation Reference Survey; SFRS) along with a comprehensive set of star-formation (radio, FIR, 24μm, 8 μm, Hα, UV, SED fitting) and stellar mass (K-band, 3.6 μm, SED fitting) indicators, and Chandra observations. We investigate the Lx–SFR and Lx– stellar mass (M*) scaling relations down to sub-galactic scales of ∼lkpc2. This way we extend these relations to extremely low SFR (∼10−6M⊙.yr−1) and M* (∼104M⊙). We also quantify their scatter and their dependence on the age of the local stellar populations as inferred from the different age sensitive SFR indicators. These results are particularly important for setting the benchmark for the formation of X-ray binaries in vigorous, but low SFR objects such as galaxies in the early Universe.
X-ray - Infrared relation of AGNs and search for highly obscured accretion in the AKARI NEP Field
Authors: Miyaji Takamitsu ,   AKARI NEP Survey Team
Published: June 2020

The infrared Astronomical Satellite AKARI conducted deep (∼0.4 deg2) and wide (∼ 5.4 deg2) surveys around the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) with its InfraRed Camera (IRC) with nine filters continuously covering the 2–25 μm range. These photometric bands include three filters that fill the “ Spitzer gap” between the wavelength coverages of IRAC and MIPS. This unique feature has enabled us to make sensitive mid-infrared detection of AGN candidates at z∼1-2, based on the Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) fitting including hot dust emission in the AGN torus. This enables us to compare X-rays and the AGN torus component of the infrared emission to help us identify highly absorbed AGNs, including Compton-thick ones. We report our results of the Chandra observation of the AKARI NEP Deep Field and discuss the prospects for upcoming Spectrum-RG (eROSITA+ART-XC) on the AKARI Wide field.
Mentari: A pipeline to model the galaxy SED using semi analytic models
Authors: Triani Dian , Croton Darren , Sinha Manodeep
Published: June 2020

We build a theoretical picture of how the light from galaxies evolves across cosmic time. In particular, we predict the evolution of the galaxy spectral energy distribution (SED) by carefully integrating the star formation and metal enrichment histories of semi-analytic model (SAM) galaxies and combining these with stellar population synthesis models which we call mentari. Our SAM combines prescriptions to model the interplay between gas accretion, star formation, feedback process, and chemical enrichment in galaxy evolution. From this, the SED of any simulated galaxy at any point in its history can be constructed and compared with telescope data to reverse engineer the various physical processes that may have led to a particular set of observations. The synthetic SEDs of millions of simulated galaxies from mentari can cover wavelengths from the far UV to infrared, and thus can tell a near complete story of the history of galaxy evolution.
The average FIR SED of proto-clusters atz= 4
Authors: Kubo Mariko , Toshikawa Jun , Kashikawa Nobunari , Uchiyama Hisakazu , Ito Kei
Published: June 2020

One of the key questions of the observational cosmology is how the environmental dependence of galaxies today formed. Proto-clusters, galaxy overdense regions at high redshift are important laboratory to study the formation history of clusters of galaxies. We perform the first statistic study of far-infrared spectral energy distribution(SED)s of proto-clusters atz∼ 4 by the stacking analysis ofPlanck/AKARI/IRASimages of proto-clusters atz∼ 4 selected from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) survey. By stacking ∼ 200 proto-clusters, we successfully constrain their average total SEDs in 60–850μm. Our results imply the excess of dusty starburst galaxies with star formation rate several 1000M⊙yr−1 in total and obscured AGNs in proto-clusters atz∼ 4.
Mid-infrared PAH emission from star-forming galaxies selected at 250 μm
Authors: Kim Seong Jin ,   AKARI NEP Collaboration
Published: June 2020

The infrared (IR) galaxies detected at Herschel/SPIRE 250 μm band over the AKARI’s NEP-Wide field are various types of dusty star-forming (SF) galaxies ranging from quiescent to starbursts, having mid-IR polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features near 8 μm. The measurements of the 8 μm luminosity (L8μm) along with the total infrared luminosity (LIR) based on the physical modeling of SEDs a take unique advantage of the continuous near- to mid-IR coverage, far-IR data points, and spectroscopically determined accurate redshifts. Our sample shows shortage of 8 μm luminosity compared to the total IR luminosity. This deficit gets severe in more luminous IR galaxies, suggesting PAH molecules in these galaxies are destroyed by a strong radiation field from SF regions, or the existence of a unexpectedly large amount of cold dust in the ISM that contributes to LIR.
Radiative properties of the first galaxies: Rapid transition from blue to red
Authors: Arata Shohei , Yajima Hidenobu , Nagamine Kentaro , Li Yuexing , Khochfar Sadegh
Published: June 2020

Combining cosmological hydrodynamic simulations and radiative transfer (RT) calculations, we present predictions of multi-wavelength radiative properties of the first galaxies at z ∼ 6–5. We find that intermittent star formation due to supernova (SN) feedback causes the escape fraction of UV photons to fluctuate rapidly, which then produces the observed diversity of SEDs for high-z galaxies. The simulated galaxies make rapid transition between UV-bright and IR-bright phase, and our RT calculations suggest that dust temperatures in the first galaxies are higher than z < 3 galaxies with ∼ 60 K.
Panchromatic SED fitting codes and modelling techniques
Authors: Baes Maarten
Published: June 2020

Modelling and interpreting the SEDs of galaxies has become one of the key tools at the disposal of extragalactic astronomers. Ideally, we could hope that, through a detailed study of its SED, we can infer the correct physical properties and the evolutionary history of a galaxy. In the past decade, panchromatic SED fitting, i.e. modelling the SED over the entire UV–submm wavelength regime, has seen an enormous advance. Several advanced new codes have been developed, nearly all based on Bayesian inference modelling. In this review, we briefly touch upon the different ingredients necessary for panchromatic SED modelling, and discuss the methodology and some important aspects of Bayesian SED modelling. The current uncertainties and limitations of panchromatic SED modelling are discussed, and we explore some avenues how the models and techniques can potentially be improved in the near future.
HELP project - a dreamed-of multiwavelength dataset for SED fitting: The influence of used models for the main physical properties of galaxies
Authors: Małek Katarzyna , Buat Veronique , Burgarella Denis , Roehlly Yannick , Shirley Raphael ,   the HELP team
Published: June 2020

The Herschel Extragalactic Legacy Project (HELP) focuses to publish an astronomical multiwavelength catalogue of millions of objects over 1300 deg2of the Herschel Space Observatory survey fields. Millions of galaxies with ultraviolet–far infrared photometry make HELP a perfect sample for testing spectral energy distribution fitting models, and to prepare tools for next-generation data. In the frame of HELP collaboration we estimated the main physical properties of all galaxies from the HELP database and we checked a new procedure to select peculiar galaxies from large galaxy sample and we investigated the influence of used modules for stellar mass estimation.
Are you sitting (un)comfortably? Action-based supervision and supervisory drift
Authors: Pugh Matthew , Margetts Alexander
Published: June 2020

Action-based methods such as behavioural experiments, role-play and (by extension) ‘chairwork’ are powerful techniques recommended in core supervisory texts for cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Despite this, experiential methods are seldom used by supervisors, suggesting that supervision often drifts from a ‘doing process’ to a ‘talking process’. A number of factors contribute to this divergence from best practice, including limited confidence and a lack of familiarity with experiential procedures amongst supervisors. To address this, the current paper presents a variety of action-based techniques for enhancing supervisees’ technical, perceptual, interpersonal, reflective and personal competencies. Behavioural experiments, empty-chair, multi-chair and role-playing exercises for maintaining treatment fidelity, enhancing empathic attunement, repairing therapeutic ruptures, resolving impasses and working through negative countertransference are described, amongst others. Further research is needed to establish the nature and extent of supervisory drift, as well as the efficacy of action-based methods.

Key learning aims

As a result of reading this paper, readers should:

(1)

Understand why supervision sometimes drifts from being a ‘doing’ process.

(2)

Appreciate the value of experiential, action-based supervisory methods.

(3)

Feel competent using action-based methods to enhance supervisees’ clinical skills.
Drop deformation estimate with multi-polarization radar
Authors: Averyanova Yuliya , Rudiakova Anna , Yanovsky Felix
Published: June 2020

This paper considers the ability of polarization measurements for microwave remote sensing of clouds and precipitation. The simulation of reflections from liquid hydrometeors with a multi-polarization radar system is presented. The mathematical expression of energy received by a radar antenna with arbitrary polarization is obtained. The simulation of the energy redistribution of the signal reflected from liquid hydrometeors assembled over the antennas of multi-polarimetric radar for different wind conditions and different drop-size distributions is obtained and analyzed. The simulation results demonstrate the possibility to register wind and wind-related phenomena by polarimetric radar. The results of the paper can also be used to exclude an impact of drop vibration or oscillation into the radar signal to eliminate errors and underestimation during parameter measurements. The approach to segregate the reflected signal magnitude variations due to the wind-related phenomena from other factors is discussed.
Peer-Teaching in der Ultraschall-Ausbildung – Eine Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Jeker Lia , Birrenbach Tanja , Walter Robin , Hari Roman
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung. Ultraschall wird zunehmend zu einem wichtigen Lerninhalt bereits im Medizin-Studium. Die Vermittlung ist jedoch sehr zeitaufwändig, weshalb viele Universitäten Peer-Teaching in der Ultraschallausbildung einsetzen. Peer-Teaching hat verschiedene Vorteile, die über das blosse Einsparen von Ausbildungsstunden rarer Fachkräfte hinausgehen: Studierende lernen von Mitstudierenden unter Umständen besser, weil ihre kognitiven Schemata kongruenter sind und sie Peers gegenüber eher ihre Lerndefizite offenbaren. Unterrichten führt zudem auch für die Peer-Teacher zu einem grossen Lerneffekt und einer Motivationssteigerung. Die meisten Studien, die Peer-Teaching mit Unterricht durch ärztliche Tutoren vergleichen, zeigen gleichwertige Resultate in Bezug auf den Lerneffekt beider Gruppen, mit unterschiedlichen Vorteilen beider Settings.
Farbdopplersonografie: Geräteeinstellungen bedingen die Diagnosequalität und das Auftreten von Artefakten
Authors: Gaßmann Bernhard
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die Diagnose ist das Ziel der Ultraschalluntersuchung. Die korrekte Einstellung der Geräteparameter ist dabei entscheidend für die sichere Diagnose. Die Kenntnis des Untersuchers über mögliche Artefakte ist bei der Beurteilung der Ultraschallbilder hilfreich. Artefakte gibt es nicht nur in der B-Bild-Sonografie, sondern auch in der Doppler-Sonografie. Begriffe wie Blooming, Aliasing und Twinkling bezeichnen klassische Artefakte bei der Farbdoppler-Sonografie. Die Ursachen für die Entstehung und die Möglichkeiten der gerätetechnischen Beeinflussung der Artefakte werden vorgestellt und diskutiert. Beispielhafte Bilder dokumentieren die wichtigsten Artefakte in der Farbdoppler-Sonografie.
Lungenultraschall zur Differenzialdiagnose der Atemnot
Authors: Mathis Gebhard
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung. Lungenultraschall bietet bei vielen Ursachen von Atemnot eine sofortige Diagnose im Einklang mit dem klinischen Bild: Pleuraergüsse, Lungenödem, Pneumonie, Lungenembolie und interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen. Das Thoraxröntgen ist bei den meisten dieser Fragen unterlegen. Die Computertomografie, als Goldstandard gesehen, zeigt ähnliche diagnostische Treffsicherheit. Diese ist jedoch aufwändiger betreffend Transportlogistik, Strahlenbelastung und Kosten.
Die Rolle der Sonografie in der Hausarztmedizin
Authors: Häusermann Markus
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung. Diese Übersicht beschreibt die vielfältigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Sonografie in der Hausarztpraxis. Nach einem Abriss über die Anforderungen an Untersucher und Gerät werden die einzelnen Untersuchungsgebiete besprochen, teilweise mit den wichtigsten diagnostischen Kriterien, und mit Fallbeispielen mit Bildern und Videos illustriert. Leserinnen und Leser sollen zur breiten Anwendung der Sonografie und zur regelmässigen Weiter- und Fortbildung auf diesem Gebiet ermuntert werden.