bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity analysis of the PALM model system 6.0 in the urban environment
Authors: Belda Michal , Resler Jaroslav , Geletič Jan , Krč Pavel , Maronga Björn , Sühring Matthias , Kurppa Mona , Kanani-Sühring Farah , Fuka Vladimír , Eben Kryštof , Benešová Nina , Auvinen Mikko
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Sensitivity of the PALM model 6.0 with respect to land-surface and building properties is tested in a real urban environment in the vicinity of a typical crossroads in a densely built-up residential area in Prague, Czech Republic. The turbulence-resolving PALM is able to simulate the urban boundary layer flow for realistic setups. Besides an accurate representation of the relevant physical processes, the model performance also depends on the input data describing the urban setup, namely the building and land-surface properties. Two types of scenario are employed. The first one is the synthetic scenarios altering mainly surface and material parameters such as albedo, emissivity or wall conductivity, testing sensitivity of the model simulations to potentially erroneous input data. Second, urbanistic-type scenarios are analysed, in which commonly considered urban heat island mitigation measures such as greening of the streets or changing surface materials are applied in order to assess the limits of the effects of a particular type of scenario. For the synthetic scenarios, surface parameters used in radiation balance equations are found to be the most sensitive overall followed by the volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity of walls. Other parameters show a limited average effect; however, some can still be significant during some parts of the day, such as surface roughness in the morning hours. The second type, the urbanistic scenarios, shows urban vegetation to be the most effective measure, especially when considering both physical and biophysical temperature indicators. The influence of both types of scenario was also tested for air quality, specifically PM2.5 dispersion, which generally shows opposite behaviour to that of thermal indicators; i.e. improved thermal comfort brings deterioration of PM2.5 concentrations.
An improved carbon greenhouse gas simulation in GEOS-Chem version 12.1.1
Authors: Bukosa Beata , Fisher Jenny , Deutscher Nicholas , Jones Dylan
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Understanding greenhouse gas–climate processes and feedbacks is a fundamental step in understanding climate variability and its links to greenhouse gas fluxes. Chemical transport models are the primary tool for linking greenhouse gas fluxes to their atmospheric abundances. Hence accurate simulations of greenhouse gases are essential. Here, we present a new simulation in the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model that couples the two main greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), along with the indirect effects of carbon monoxide (CO), based on their chemistry. Our updates include the online calculation of the chemical production of CO from CH4 and the online production of CO2 from CO, both of which were handled offline in the previous versions of these simulations. We discuss differences between the offline (uncoupled) and online (coupled) calculation of the chemical terms and perform a sensitivity simulation to identify the impact of OH on the results. We compare our results with surface measurements from the NOAA Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network (NOAA GGGRN), total column measurements from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and aircraft measurements from the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). Relative to the standard uncoupled simulation, our coupled results show better agreement with measurements. We use the remaining measurement-model differences to identify sources and sinks that are over or underestimated in the model. We find underestimated OH fields when calculating the CH4 loss and CO production from CH4. Biomass burning emissions and secondary production are underestimated for CO in the Southern Hemisphere and we find enhanced anthropogenic sources in the Northern Hemisphere. We also find significantly stronger chemical production of CO2 in tropical land regions, especially in the Amazon. The model-measurement differences also highlight biases in the calculation of CH4 in the stratosphere and in vertical mixing that impacts all three gases.
Teleseismic P waves at the AlpArray seismic network: wave fronts, absolute travel times and travel-time residuals
Authors: Paffrath Marcel , Friederich Wolfgang ,   the AlpArray and AlpArray-SWATH D Working Groups
Published: July 2021

Abstract. We present an extensive dataset of highly accurate absolute travel times and travel-time residuals of teleseismic P waves recorded by the AlpArray Seismic Network and complementary field experiments in the years from 2015 to 2019. The dataset is intended to serve as the basis for teleseismic travel-time tomography of the upper mantle below the greater Alpine region. In addition, the data may be used as constraints in full-waveform inversion of AlpArray recordings. The dataset comprises about 170 000 onsets derived from records filtered to an upper-corner frequency of 0.5 Hz and 214 000 onsets from records filtered to an upper-corner frequency of 0.1 Hz. The high accuracy of absolute and residual travel times was obtained by applying a specially designed combination of automatic picking, waveform cross-correlation and beamforming. Taking travel-time data for individual events, we are able to visualise in detail the wave fronts of teleseismic P waves as they propagate across AlpArray. Variations of distances between isochrons indicate structural perturbations in the mantle below. Travel-time residuals for individual events exhibit spatially coherent patterns that prove to be stable if events of similar epicentral distance and azimuth are considered. When residuals for all available events are stacked, conspicuous areas of negative residuals emerge that indicate the lateral location of subducting slabs beneath the Apennines and the western, central and eastern Alps. Stacking residuals for events from 90∘ wide azimuthal sectors results in lateral distributions of negative and positive residuals that are generally consistent but differ in detail due to the differing direction of illumination of mantle structures by the incident P waves. Uncertainties of travel-time residuals are estimated from the peak width of the cross-correlation function and its maximum value. The median uncertainty is 0.15 s at 0.5 Hz and 0.18 s at 0.1 Hz, which is more than 10 times lower than the typical travel-time residuals of up to ±2 s. Uncertainties display a regional dependence caused by quality differences between temporary and permanent stations as well as site-specific noise conditions.
Holocene thinning of Darwin and Hatherton glaciers, Antarctica, and implications for grounding-line retreat in the Ross Sea
Authors: Hillebrand Trevor R. , Stone John O. , Koutnik Michelle , King Courtney , Conway Howard , Hall Brenda , Nichols Keir , Goehring Brent , Gillespie Mette K.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Chronologies of glacier deposits in the Transantarctic Mountains provide important constraints on grounding-line retreat during the last deglaciation in the Ross Sea. However, between Beardmore Glacier and Ross Island – a distance of some 600 km – the existing chronologies are generally sparse and far from the modern grounding line, leaving the past dynamics of this vast region largely unconstrained. We present exposure ages of glacial deposits at three locations alongside the Darwin–Hatherton Glacier System – including within 10 km of the modern grounding line – that record several hundred meters of Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene thickening relative to present. As the ice sheet grounding line in the Ross Sea retreated, Hatherton Glacier thinned steadily from about 9 until about 3 ka. Our data are equivocal about the maximum thickness and Mid-Holocene to Early Holocene history at the mouth of Darwin Glacier, allowing for two conflicting deglaciation scenarios: (1) ∼500 m of thinning from 9 to 3 ka, similar to Hatherton Glacier, or (2) ∼950 m of thinning, with a rapid pulse of ∼600 m thinning at around 5 ka. We test these two scenarios using a 1.5-dimensional flowband model, forced by ice thickness changes at the mouth of Darwin Glacier and evaluated by fit to the chronology of deposits at Hatherton Glacier. The constraints from Hatherton Glacier are consistent with the interpretation that the mouth of Darwin Glacier thinned steadily by ∼500 m from 9 to 3 ka. Rapid pulses of thinning at the mouth of Darwin Glacier are ruled out by the data at Hatherton Glacier. This contrasts with some of the available records from the mouths of other outlet glaciers in the Transantarctic Mountains, many of which thinned by hundreds of meters over roughly a 1000-year period in the Early Holocene. The deglaciation histories of Darwin and Hatherton glaciers are best matched by a steady decrease in catchment area through the Holocene, suggesting that Byrd and/or Mulock glaciers may have captured roughly half of the catchment area of Darwin and Hatherton glaciers during the last deglaciation. An ensemble of three-dimensional ice sheet model simulations suggest that Darwin and Hatherton glaciers are strongly buttressed by convergent flow with ice from neighboring Byrd and Mulock glaciers, and by lateral drag past Minna Bluff, which could have led to a pattern of retreat distinct from other glaciers throughout the Transantarctic Mountains.
Updating search strategies for literature reviews with OUR2D2: an open-source computer application
Authors: Lohr Abby M , Van Gorden Noah , McClelland D Jean , Dubinsky Ellen , Gerald Lynn B , Wilkinson-Lee Ada , Carvajal Scott C
Published: July 2021

Background: While writing a scoping review, we needed to update our search strategy. We wanted to capture articles generated by our additional search terms and articles published since our original search. Simultaneously, we strove to optimize project resources by not rescreening articles that had been captured in our original results.Case presentation: In response, we created Open Update Re-run Deduplicate (OUR2D2), a computer application that allows the user to compare search results from a variety of library databases. OUR2D2 supports extensible markup language (XML) files from EndNote and comma-separated values (CSV) files using article titles for comparisons. We conducted unit tests to ensure appropriate functionality as well as accurate data extraction and analysis. We tested OUR2D2 by comparing original and updated search results from PubMed, Embase, Clarivate Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses, and Lens and estimate that this application saved twenty-one hours of work during the screening process.Conclusions: OUR2D2 could be useful for individuals seeking to update literature review strategies across fields without rescreening articles from previous searches. Because the OUR2D2 source code is freely available with a permissive license, we recommend this application for researchers conducting literature reviews who need to update their search results over time, want a powerful and flexible analysis framework, and may not have access to paid subscription tools.
Racial, gender, sexual, and disability identities of the Journal of the Medical Library Association’s editorial board, reviewers, and authors
Authors: Akers Katherine G. , Pionke JJ , Aaronson Ellen M. , Chambers Thane , Cyrus John W. , Eldermire Erin R.B. , Norton Melanie J.
Published: July 2021

The Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) recently issued a call for submissions that recognize and address social injustices; speak to diversity, equity, and inclusion in our workforce and among our user populations; and share critical perspectives on health sciences librarianship as well as those on any topic within JMLA’s scope written by authors who are Black, Indigenous, or People of Color. We also committed to creating more equitable opportunities for authors, reviewers, and editorial board members from marginalized groups. As part of this effort, we conducted a demographic survey of all individuals who served as a member of the JMLA editorial board or reviewer or had submitted a manuscript to JMLA between 2018 and 2020. We found that most survey respondents are white, heterosexual, women and do not identify with a disability, meaning that JMLA is missing out on a diversity of perspectives and life experiences that could improve the journal’s processes and policies, enrich its content, and accelerate the research and practice of health sciences librarianship. Therefore, to avoid perpetuating or aggravating systemic biases and power structures in scholarly publishing or health sciences librarianship, we pledge to take concrete steps toward making JMLA a more diverse and inclusive journal.
PRISMA-S: an extension to the PRISMA statement for reporting literature searches in systematic reviews
Authors: Rethlefsen Melissa L. , Kirtley Shona , Waffenschmidt Siw , Ayala Ana Patricia , Moher David , Page Matthew J. , Koffel Jonathan B. , Group PRISMA-S
Published: July 2021

Background: Literature searches underlie the foundations of systematic reviews and related review types. Yet, the literature searching component of systematic reviews and related review types is often poorly reported. Guidance for literature search reporting has been diverse and, in many cases, does not offer enough detail to authors who need more specific information about reporting search methods and information sources in a clear, reproducible way. This document presents the PRISMA-S (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses literature search extension) checklist, and explanation and elaboration.Methods: The checklist was developed using a three-stage Delphi survey process, followed by a consensus conference and public review process.Results: The final checklist includes sixteen reporting items, each of which is detailed with exemplar reporting and rationale.Conclusions:The intent of PRISMA-S is to complement the PRISMA Statement and its extensions by providing a checklist that could be used by interdisciplinary authors, editors, and peer reviewers to verify that each component of a search is completely reported and, therefore, reproducible.
Impact of a consumer health information specialization (CHIS) sponsorship program on the ability of public library staff to provide consumer health information
Authors: Kiscaden Elizabeth , Spatz Michele , Wolfe Susan , Knapp Molly , Lake Erica
Published: July 2021

Objective: In 2018, the Network of the National Libraries of Medicine (NNLM) launched a sponsorship program to support public library staff in completing the Medical Library Association’s Consumer Health Information Specialization (CHIS). The objectives of our study were to: (1) determine whether completion of the sponsored specialization improved ability to provide consumer health information; (2) identify new health information services, programming, and outreach activities at public libraries; (3) investigate benefits of the specialization; and (4) determine the impact of sponsorship on obtaining and continuing the specialization.Methods: We used REDCap to administer a 16-question survey in August 2019 to 224 public library staff who were sponsored during the first year of the program. We measured competence in providing consumer health information aligned with the eight Core Competencies for Providing Consumer Health Information Services [1] as well as new activities at public libraries, benefits of the specialization to public library staff, career gains, and the likelihood of continuing the specialization based on funding.Results: More than 80% of 136 participants reported an increase in core consumer health competencies, with a statistically significant improvement in mean competency scores after completing the specialization. Ninety percent of participants have continued their engagement with NNLM, and more than half offered new health information programs and services. While more than half planned to renew the specialization or obtain the Level II specialization, 72% indicated they would not continue without NNLM sponsorship.Conclusions: Findings indicate that NNLM sponsorship of the CHIS specialization was successful in increasing the capacity of public library staff to provide health information to their communities.
Desigualdades en el mundo de los videojuegos desde la perspectiva de los jugadores y las jugadoras
Authors: Afonso Noda Sara , Aguilera Ávila Laura
Published: July 2021

Introducción. Con esta investigación se pretenden conocer diferentes cuestiones relacionadas con el uso de videojuegos por parte de hombres y mujeres. Objetivos. Se exploran posibles desigualdades entre jugadores y jugadoras de videojuegos, atendiendo a sus vivencias y opiniones, atendiendo especialmente a los y las streamers. Metodología. Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio con metodología mixta con la realización de una encuesta a 344 personas que juegan a videojuegos y de seis entrevistas a personas que se dedican a jugar a videojuegos y retransmitirlos. Resultados. Como resultados de la investigación, podemos concluir que existen desigualdades entre jugadores y jugadoras en función de su sexo, especialmente cuando las partidas se retransmiten por streaming. Conclusiones y discusión. Estas diferencias se manifiestan tanto al continuar considerando que los videojuegos son un espacio masculinizado como por los prejuicios y estereotipos a los que deben hacer frente las mujeres.
La localización contextualizada del conocimiento en los relatos sexográficos feministas
Authors: Suarez-Errekalde Maialen
Published: July 2021

Introducción. Este artículo presenta los relatos sexográficos feministas, unidades analíticas generadas en mi tesis doctoral y que se refieren a narrativas que tienen la especificidad de pertenecer al discurso de militantes y activistas feministas, LGTB y de hombres profeministas que trabajan las nuevas masculinidades y que versan sobre la sexualidad. Metodología. Se ha empleado una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas en profundidad y en el análisis sistematizado de las mismas. Resultados. Los mencionados relatos surgen de la convergencia de las narrativas feministas de Hemmings, de los relatos sexuales de Plummer, y de paradigmas más amplios como la modernidad, la postmodernidad y el neomaterialismo. Estas uniones proporcionan un corpus coherente para, de acuerdo con las nociones de la feminist standpoint theory, analizar y situar social, política e históricamente el conocimiento generado a través de narrativas personales. Conclusiones y discusión. Hemos distinguido tres relatos de pérdida modernistas, de progreso postmodernistas y de retorno neomaterialistas, que sirven para contextualizar los discursos de las participantes dentro de la historiografía del feminismo occidental, mostrando las tensiones éticas y políticas, y la inmensa riqueza que reviste la teoría crítica feminista. Sin embargo, una cuestión que no ha sido atajada correctamente es la propia parcialidad de la persona que investiga, lo cual se presenta como un reto de futuro que podría ser abordado desde la fenomenología feminista, así como desde la narrativa autobiográfica.
La evaluación de los planes de igualdad en la Universidad de las Illes Balears: una propuesta para la inclusión de un sistema de indicadores sensibles al género
Authors: Sánchez Nimo Silvana María
Published: July 2021

Introducción. Las últimas décadas han puesto de manifiesto la importancia de la medición de las desigualdades entre mujeres y hombres, no únicamente desde la desagregación de datos por sexo, sino con la plena inclusión de indicadores de género que permitan medir y evaluar efectivamente los éxitos logrados a partir de las políticas y los planes implementados. Objetivos y metodología. A este respecto, en este texto se aborda, desde una perspectiva teórica y metodológica, la importancia de construir un sistema de seguimiento e indicadores que facilite la evaluación de estos planes, específicamente, la evaluación de resultados e impacto. Fundamentalmente, estos indicadores permitirían conocer de forma objetiva los resultados e impactos de los planes de igualdad, con la finalidad de identificar si estos resultados e impactos contribuyen o no a la consecución de la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres. Resultados. En esta línea, el presente trabajo se centra en realizar un primer acercamiento del sistema de indicadores que ha sido diseñado para la evaluación del primer plan de igualdad que se ha desarrollado e implementado en la Universidad de las Illes Balears (2014-2017). Conclusiones y discusión. Sobre la base del análisis de esta evaluación, se realiza una propuesta de un sistema de indicadores - sensibles al género - de realización e impacto para la evaluación de este plan de igualdad. Finalmente, se extraen y debaten las principales conclusiones que se han extraído de este trabajo.
Negotiating change for gender equality: identifying leverages, overcoming barriers
Authors: Linkova Marcela , Mergaert Lut
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Institutional change through gender equality plans is today the dominant approach to promoting gender equality in higher education and research. Building on our experiences as “technical support partners” in several EU-funded projects, we reflect on how change is negotiated in a variety of contexts. Objectives. Theoretically, using Feminist Institutionalism and the Science and Technology Studies concept of the trading zone, our objective is to analyse institutional negotiations among various, differently positioned actors with diverse backgrounds, value systems and negotiating power. From a practice-oriented perspective, our aim is to demonstrate typical challenges, suggest pathways towards solutions, and identify specific negotiation skills which underscore the capacity-building needs of change agents. Methodology. For our analysis, we have selected eight information-rich case studies through purposive theory-based sampling, illustrating the different transactions in the trading zones, based on our prior knowledge of the circumstances. The methods we draw on are primarily participant observation and textual analysis of project documents. Results. The selected theoretical combination allows us to identify leverages, ways to overcome barriers and the required skills and competences. Specifically, we underscore the use of participatory and co-creation techniques, strategic framing, spotting and using windows of opportunity, and wide mobilisation of stakeholders. We highlight key features of the change process, including its processual and incremental nature, the need for constant negotiation and the capacity-building needs of change agents. Contribution. With this analysis, we contribute, firstly, to the understanding of organisational change by identifying concrete barriers and opportunities as well as considering the ways in which a shared representation of gender equality is developed. The second, theoretical contribution lies in combining Feminist Institutionalism and the concept of the trading zone, which allows us to bring to productive dialogue issues of power, processuality and the need to address both material and discursive enactments of change processes.
Desarrollo de una escala y estudio de los micromachismos en población adulta y universitaria
Authors: Torralba-Borrego Ana , Garrido-Hernansaiz Helena
Published: July 2021

Introducción. Los estudios realizados sobre micromachismos ponen de manifiesto que estos constituyen comportamientos que promueven el mantenimiento de la dominación masculina, los cuales se llevan a cabo de manera sutil en la vida cotidiana de las personas, convirtiéndolos en una forma de violencia invisible y más dañina. Objetivos. Esta investigación tiene como principal objetivo el conocer la prevalencia de estas actitudes, valorando las diferencias que existen en función del género y de la edad de los participantes, así como conocer si existen diferencias según la titulación estudiada por los jóvenes. Metodología. Se elaboró una escala compuesta por 28 ítems, la cual fue distribuida de manera online para facilitar la participación y la difusión de la misma. La muestra se compuso de 175 personas, de las cuales 103 eran estudiantes y 72 adultos. Resultados. Los resultados indican que se puede asumir que existen diferencias en función de estas variables, siendo los hombres adultos los que más sostienen este tipo de actitudes. Sin embargo, no existen diferencias significativas con respecto a los estudiantes según el tipo de estudios que llevan a cabo. Conclusiones y discusión. Este estudio proporciona a profesionales e investigadores una escala de medición de micromachismos con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas. Asimismo, ha permitido conocer la prevalencia de los micromachismos y las variables asociadas, resaltando el valor de la educación sobre el conocimiento y realización de estos comportamientos.
La difícil implementación de un plan de acción para la igualdad de género en la enseñanza superior francesa: las misiones de igualdad
Authors: Alonso García Maria Elisa , Onandia Beatriz
Published: July 2021

Introducción. Este artículo se aproxima al análisis del diseño y la implementación de políticas públicas orientadas a la igualdad de género. En concreto, se centra en el estudio del caso del sistema universitario francés, para realizar un diagnóstico de las acciones específicas formalizadas. Metodología. Se ha realizado un análisis empírico-descriptivo sobre la naturaleza de las misiones de igualdad y un análisis empírico-explicativo de los factores que influyen en su funcionamiento. Para construir este enfoque explicativo se ha considerado las misiones de igualdad como variable dependiente y el marco normativo que las regula como variable dependiente. Resultados. A partir de la exploración del marco legal y de los principios éticos y académicos articuladores del sistema universitario francés, se analizan las herramientas utilizadas para su diseño y ejecución, así como su conveniencia. La autonomía de las universidades es el precepto articulador que fundamenta el sistema y a su vez constituye la principal limitación para el correcto desarrollo de las políticas de igualdad de género. Conclusiones y aportación. Los resultados que se observan tras el análisis corroboran que todos los documentos y medidas reguladoras establecidas, tienen por propósito la preservación de esta autonomía y evitar la injerencia en la gobernanza universitaria. Este aspecto determina que no exista un marco legal armonizado y específico que reglamenta las políticas de igualdad, debilitando su implementación y la consecución de los objetivos. A partir de estas primeras conclusiones, se abre una nueva vía de análisis que permitirá plantear de forma práctica, soluciones que resuelvan los problemas y los desafíos de las políticas de igualdad de género en la universidad francesa.
Subjetividades y dispositivos sobre el control del cuerpo femenino en la génesis del gimnasio moderno
Authors: Mauri Medrano Marta , Torrebadella Xavier
Published: July 2021

Introducción. El presente trabajo analiza los orígenes del gimnasio moderno durante el siglo XIX, período de edificación de los sistemas gimnásticos. Durante este período, la mujer occidental accede gradualmente al uso de las prácticas gimnásticas, ya desde la apariencia educativa, higiénica o recreativa. Objetivos. El objeto de estudio es el de descubrir, en el caso concreto de España, los discursos expresados por los poderes de la masculinidad que hicieron del gimnasio y de las prácticas gimnásticas un dispositivo de feminización. Metodología. La metodología utilizada es de base historicista y se concreta por un tratamiento documentalista, el análisis de contenido de los textos y, además, la revisión de otros estudios que facilitan la interpretación contextual. Resultados. Se concluye argumentando que el proceso de incorporación de la mujer decimonónica en las prácticas gimnásticas estuvo condicionado por los discursos subyacentes del patriarcado de la masculinidad, que ocultaban los temores de una sociedad que creían en decadencia. Discusión. En el gimnasio del siglo XIX el cuerpo femenino se convertía en un ente vigilado por el dominio del hombre que buscaba la salud de la mujer para proteger la descendencia. Con lo cual, el gimnasio se configuró como un centro de dominación facultativo en donde el cuerpo femenino se sometía al examen articulándose una perversión ontológica de la realidad femenina.
اللغة العربية بين التواجد التكنولوجي والتحدي الرقمي
Authors:   أستاذ التعليم العالي المساعد، شعبة القانون العام، كلية الحقوق، جامعة عبد المالك السعدي، طنجة، المملكة المغربية, صلاح ياسر
Published: July 2021

إن صناعات اللغة في مجتمع ما تعتبر مجالا حيويا في مواجهة التحديات الكبرى التي يفرضها العالم على المستويات الإقتصادية والإجتماعية والسياسية والثقافية والتكنولوجية، وباعتبار أننا أصبحنا نعيش في مجتمع المعرفة، كان لابد للدول العربية أن تواكب صناعات اللغة، وبالتالي صناعة المحتوى الرقمي العربي ، لكن يضل هذا الهدف بعيد المنال خصوصا مع الكم الهائل للإنتاج و الإبداع الفكري الرقمي الغربي و الذي تهيمن عليه لغات أخرى، أولهم الإنجليزية التي صارت لغة نقل المعرفة بلا منازع بعدما كانت للغة العربية الدورالبارز حضاريا وثقافيا في العصور الوسطى من خلال نقلها إلى اللغات الأجنبية المعارف الإنسانية والعلوم الأساسية التي بني عليها العلم الحديث. وبما أن اللغة هي المقياس الحقيقي لأي إشعاع علمي يستند إليه كل تطور حضاري أراد البقاء. فلبد لنا أن نهتم بتواجد اللغة العربية في المجال الرقمي والتكنولوجي ووجب علينا أن ندرك انها مسألة وجود قبل أن تكون مسألة معرفة وتواصل.
The Rise and Decline of US Interest and Influence in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Dr. Faisal Javaid, Dr. Suwaibah Qadri
Published: July 2021

The rise of independent Central Asian states after the disintegration of the USSR has transformed the regional geostrategic environment. America quickly established diplomatic relations with the Kyrgyz Republic in 1991. Kyrgyzstan is not a wealthy state and it is facing several challenges such as ethnic issues, bad governance, narcotics, and foreign involvements. After the 9/11 events, the state got special attention for America due to its geographical position towards Afghanistan. Kyrgyzstan condemned these attacks and supported to anti-terrorist alliance. It offered military bases for operation in Afghanistan after the relation between America and Kyrgyzstan have strengthened. After the tulip revolution, both states' relationships were affected. This research examines the role of the United States in Kyrgyzstan. It also examines the political, economic, and security relations between the U.S. and Kyrgyzstan. This study evaluates the several challenges tackled by the United States.
А rare tumor in the practice of oncoophthalmologist — is an oncocytoma of the lacrimal gland
Authors: Shimotkina Е. V. , Semenova L. Е. , Vlasova О. S. , Kuchenkova I. А.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Oncocytoma is an epithelial tumor, characterized by a benign course and has a favorable prognosis. The description of this clinical case is due to the rare occurrence of lacrimal gland oncocytoma in clinical  practice and a small number of publications in the literature.

Methods. A case study of the lacrimal gland oncocytoma is presented in a young patient, followed up for a long time.

Results. The presented clinical case demonstrates the need for morphological diagnosis of lacrimal gland formations, despite the benign nature of the tumor and the favorable course of the disease.

Discussion. Analysis of a clinical example and a review of the literature clearly demonstrates the need for differential diagnosis of tumors of the lacrimal gland.

Conclusion. It is necessary to include the described pathology in the differential diagnostics of any neoplasms of the lacrimal gland and orbit in order to prevent an unwarranted expansion of surgical intervention, with subsequent dynamic monitoring of patients with this pathology.
Own experience of mri T2 and ct perfusion of the brain, how to avoid «failures»
Authors: Sukhanov V. A. , Chernova О. N. , Shubny М. О. , Shtentsel R. Е.
Published: July 2021

Introduction.To reduce the number of cerebral perfusion studies, the interpretation of which is not possible or can be performed with errors, we retrospectively analyzed cerebral perfusion studies for three years, analyzed the identified errors at the stage of data collection and the stage of study interpretation.

Aims and objectives:to analyze and divide into groups the reasons that led to limitations or impossibility to assess perfusion during interpretation of the obtained data, to develop an algorithm of actions to reduce the number of uninterpreted studies.

Materials and Methods.The study retrospectively evaluated 275 CT and MRI brain perfusion studies performed between 2017 and 2019 on 1.5 T MR and 32-slice CT scans.

Results.The result of this study was a better understanding of the causes of the most common errors in perfusion studies. Analysis of the causes allowed us to identify factors that affect the performance of the study and the interpretation of the data obtained. Discussion.In order to perform a quality perfusion study, given the many factors affecting the interpretation of the data obtained, a number of conditions on the planning and execution of the study, as well as on the evaluation of the data obtained, must be followed.

Conclusions.Understanding the reasons that lead to limitations or inability to evaluate MRI and CT perfusion studies, adhering to guidelines for planning and evaluating studies allows for correct data and avoids obtaining uninformative studies or studies whose interpretation is limited.
Intrapleural port systems as a technology for the control of recurrent metastatic exudative pleurisy. first experience
Authors: Pecheritsa Е. D. , Lukin А. А. , Gnatyuk Y. А. , Galkin А. О.
Published: July 2021

Introduction.To evaluate the immediate results of the first experience of implantation of an interpleural port system in comparison with traditional methods of pleural fluid evacuation and improve the quality of life of patients with recurrent metastatic pleurisy.

Materials and methods.A prospective study of 14 cases with recurrence of metastatic pleurisy in 6 months was carried out. 2020 year. The patients were divided into group A (traditional methods of pleurisy evacuation) and group B (implantation of an interpleural port system). The manipulations were performed under local anesthesia.

Results. Pneumothorax was diagnosed in 6 patients (43%) after thoracocentesis and implantation of the port system. In group B, 3 people (21%) had a small pneumothorax, the air was evacuated with a Huber needle. In group A, 3 people (21%) required drainage of the pleural cavity, which delayed hospitalization. In 11 people (78%), of which 7 people (50%) from group B, a clinical decrease in respiratory failure up to stage II. 7 patients (50%) from group B noted the absence of pain and discomfort after surgery. 14 (100%) patients were diagnosed with a recurrence of metastatic pleurisy on day 21, which required hospitalization of patients from group A to a hospital for drainage of the pleural cavity. In group B patients, fluid evacuation was performed on an outpatient basis, thereby not lengthening the period of systemic anticancer therapy. 4 patients (28%) managed to continue antitumor therapy on time. Infectious complications in 3 patients (21%) from group A, where air leakage persisted against the background of tumor disintegration.

Conclusion.The intrapleural port system improves the quality of life, eliminating complications from repeated punctures of the pleural cavity. Simple installation under local anesthesia with the possibility of discharge from the hospital on the 2nd day. Evacuation of pleurisy through the port system by nurses on an outpatient basis. Possibility of intrapleural antitumor therapy and pleural obliteration through the port system.
Analysis of economic efficiency of iron deficiency anemia therapy in patients with malignant tumors
Authors: Saevets V. V. , Alekseeva А. Р. , Taratonov А. V. , Muhin А. А. , Chizhovskaja А. V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Correction of iron deficiency anemia in patients with malignant neoplasms is an important aspect affecting the quality of life and the effectiveness of special treatments. At the same time, the therapy of comorbid conditions significantly increases the cost of treating cancer patients.

The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative pharmacoeconomic analysis of the two most common methods for correcting iron deficiency anemia in cancer patients: transfusion of erythrocyte suspension and intravenous iron preparations using iron carboxymaltose as an example.

Materials and methods. An observational, analytical, cohort study was carried out, which included 120 cancer patients. The patients underwent laboratory examination. The tests were assessed: a general blood test with an assessment of the morphological characteristics of erythrocytes, serum iron, ferritin, CRP, total protein. An analysis of the costs of iron deficiency anemia therapy was carried out, taking into account the procurement cost of drugs.

Results. It is economically more profitable to use intravenous iron preparations in comparison with transfusion of erythrocyte suspension for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with malignant neoplasms. The cost of correcting iron deficiency anemia per patient was: when treated with carboxymaltosate iron (Ferinject): 7943.96 rubles, with transfusion of erythrocyte suspension: 16856.40 rubles.

Conclusion. In the treatment of anemia in patients with malignant neoplasms with blood preparations (erythrocyte suspension), an improvement in hematological parameters is noted earlier and to a greater extent than with the use of iron preparation carboxymaltozate («Ferinject»). Nevertheless, the duration of the clinical effect when using erythrocyte suspension is lower than that of a parenteral iron preparation.
Organizational and legal basis for aesthetic breast reconstruction in oncological clinic
Authors: Korostelev A. M. , Udovichenko I. V. , Bulinsky D. N. , Zakharova N. V. , Vazhenina I. I. , Samylov V. V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The article reveals the organizational and legal basis for aesthetic reconstruction of the breast in the oncology clinic. The increase of patients' requirements for aesthetic results of the breast cancer treatment is outlined. Judicial practice data from open sources on «medical» cases are presented. Materials of external studies are described, where aesthetic reconstruction is presented as an integral part of rehabilitation, prevention of negative consequences of treatment, including mental disorders. The article defines the place of aesthetic reconstruction after breast cancer surgery, raises the problem of the possibility of symmetrical operations on the healthy contralateral breast, preventive breast and pelvic surgery in women with genetically predisposed forms of oncological diseases, expanding the volume of screening in women with a hereditary anamnesis.

The purpose of the study was to compare the requirements for the quality and scope of medical care for breast cancer patients at a state oncology clinic with the professional competencies of the end-doctor oncologist, according to current standards, clinical guidelines, and guidelines for medical care.

Materials and methods.The review of current regulations in the field of medical activity in the profile «Oncology» effective in the Russian Federation. Also the data of the judicial practice from open sources for 2012, 2017-2020 are presente. 

Results. The interpretation of current legal documents of the Russian Federation in the field of medical care in the profile «oncology» gave ambiguous results: probably, there is an intersection of qualification requirements for oncologist and plastic surgeon.

Discussion. Possible ways out and suggestions from the current dangerous, from the legal point of view, situation are outlined.
On the simultaneous generation of radio and soft X-ray emission by AXP 4U 0142+61
Authors: Osmanov Z. N.
Published: July 2021

In the present paper we study the possibility of a simultaneous generation of radio waves and soft X-rays by means of the quasi-linear diffusion (QLD) in the anomalous pulsar AXP 4U 0142+61. Considering the magnetosphere composed of the so-called beam component and the plasma component respectively, we argue that the frozen-in condition will inevitably lead to the generation of the unstable cyclotron waves. These waves, via the QLD, will in turn influence the particle distribution function, leading to certain values of the pitch angles, thus to an efficient synchrotron mechanism, producing soft X-ray photons. We show that for physically reasonable parameters of magnetospheric plasma, the QLD can provide generation of radio waves in the following interval 40 MHz - 111 MHz connected to soft X-rays for the domain 0.3 keV - 1.4 keV.
Study of the radio and optical properties of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Abrahamyan H. V.
Published: July 2021

The investigation of the physical properties of active galactic nuclei is one of the most important tasks of astronomy. Until now, the properties of AGN have not been fully studied. Therefore, we have studied a number of important properties of AGN. For example, one of the main properties of AGN is the variability. We have studied samples of AGN derived by different methods. For these sources, we have identified some properties of activity for the radio and optical ranges. These properties give us some insight into the active galaxies.
Condensations Expelled from the Stars, and Pairs of Stars, Connected with Bright Filaments
Authors: Gyulbudaghian A. L. , Mendezz R. A.
Published: July 2021

During several surveys of high-quality film-copies of the ESO B, R, ESO/SRC J, and EJ plates, except other young unstable objects (HH objects, star-forming regions, cometary nebulae) were found also two types of other unstable objects. 1. Bright condensations, connected with stars by bright filaments. 2. Pairs of stars, connected with each other by bright filaments. The objects of first type are mostly seen in infrared, on 2MASS K images. Due to their infrared colours, two of condensations and half of all stars can have thick dust discs.
Effect of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Spice on Nutrititional, Microbial Content of Moin-Moin and Efficacy of Spice Against Selected Foodborne Pathogens
Authors: O.A. Ajayi , B.A. Segun-Taiwo
Published: July 2021

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) impacts flavor, organoleptic quality of foods and contributes to the preservation of foods. Moin-moin is an indigenous food made from beans (Vigna unguiculata) and highly perishable. This study investigated the effect of turmeric spice on quality of moin-moin, and the efficacy of turmeric on selected foodborne pathogens. Three samples were prepared with (0; 2.5 and 5g) of turmeric. Nutritional, microbial, sensory and efficacy of spice against microorganisms were performed. Moisture content ranged from (1.35 to 1.48%), protein (38.9 to 44.9%), ash (6.2 to 7.4%), fat (11 to 11.8%) and fibre (6.9 to 7.7%). TVC of samples for day zero was (3.1 to 6.8 x 105CFU/g); Enterobacteriaceae (1.1 to 2.1x105CFU/g); Staphylococcal (2.7 to 4.6 x105CFU/g); and Coliform (6.4 to 8.3x105CFU/g). After 48 h, sample with 5g of spice and refrigeration had reduced microbial load. Moin-moin with 2.5g of turmeric was generally accepted and considered the best sample. Turmeric spice was observed to be more effective against Salmonella spp. Conclusively, addition of turmeric to moin-moin was able to reduce the microbial load and improve the shelf-life of the product.
Evaluation of Varietal, Infochemicals and Bio-pesticidal Effects in the Management of Cucumber Beetles in Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus Linn.) in the Southern Guinea Savanna
Authors: J.D. Kabeh , H.O. Eke , K. Balogun
Published: July 2021

The experiments were laid out in the Teaching and Research farms of Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. Six cucumber cultivars were treated on varietal effects; five infochemicals and a control for second experiment, while four bio-pesticides materials, Cypermethrin and untreated control were also studied. Each treatment was laid out in RCBD and replicated three times. The vine length was higher in cultivars Penino and Seminis, 50.87cm and 50.70cm respectively, number of branches were uniform, but Poinsett had larger leaves area 141.33cm2, hence higher yield (141.67) and much heavier fruits 31.30g, both were not significantly different (P>0.05). Mean fruit damage was highest in Griffaton (4.55), Seminis gave longer and larger fruit sizes. Marketer had high pests’ invasion (200.33). Naphthalene treated plants gave better growth, and yields, 164.67, weighing 38.07g. Other infochemicals performed below the untreated control. Average fruit damage was least in cinnamon oil treated plots, but fruits length and diameter were uniform across the treatments. The untreated control had higher pest beetle population effects. Better yields were recorded in ANSE treated cucumber plants (186.00), heavier fruits and less fruit damage recorded in the Cypermethrin treated crops, but a higher beetle population was in control. The bio-pesticides gave varied levels of protection. Combining varietal, info chemicals and bio-pesticides impacts secures marketable fruits. This study lacks explanations on differences in relative beetle population, fruit yield inconsistencies, weight and variability recorded across the experiments. However, further studies will improve the results of these studies. Also, statistically significant impacts were difficult to prove, probably due to the low number of plots that reduced the power of our data, leading to type 2 error masking important differences.
Organizacijska otpornost i upravljanje kvaliteteom
Authors: Damić Mate
Published: July 2021

Sažetak: Pandemija bolesti COVID 19 koja je započela početkom 2020. godine predstavlja dosad nezabilježen eksterni tržišni šok koji je doveo do promjena u načinu poslovanja poduzeća u različitim djelatnostima. Neke od specifičnosti poslovnih okolnosti povezanih sa pandemijom su zatvaranje državnih granica, uvođenje mjera društvene udaljenosti te novih tehničkih uvjeta kojih su se poduzeća morala pridržavati u svrhu smanjenja rizika od širenja bolesti. Poduzećima iz određenih djelatnosti je čak u potpunosti zabranjen rad. Pažnja u znanstvenoj literaturi se pritom počela posebno pridavati konceptu organizacijske otpornosti – mogućnosti prilagodbe eksternim šokovima i nastavku rada prijašnjim kapacitetom. Ovaj pregledni rad analizira povezanost koncepta organizacijske otpornosti s ključnim načelima upravljanja kvalitetom poslovnih organizacija. Cilj rada je izgradnja teorijskog modela koji će se moći koristiti u svrhu istraživanja ključnih odrednica potencijalne povezanosti organizacijske otpornosti i upravljanja kvalitetom u poslovnim organizacijama. Abstract: The COVID 19 disease pandemic, which began in early 2020, represents an unprecedented external market shock that has led to changes in the way companies operate in various industries. Some of the specifics of the business circumstances related to the pandemic are the closure of state borders, the introduction of measures of social distance and new technical conditions that companies had to adhere to in order to reduce the risk of spreading the disease. Companies from certain industries are even completely banned from working. Attention in the scientific literature has begun to pay special attention to the concept of organizational resilience - the ability to adapt to external shocks and continue to work with the previous capacity. This review paper analyzes the relationship between the concept of organizational resilience and key principles of business organization quality management. The aim of this paper is to build a theoretical model that can be used to research the key determinants of the potential relationship between organizational resilience and quality management in business organizations.