bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRIMINAL OFFENSES AGAINST OFFICIAL DUTY, WITH SPECIAL ANALYSIS OF THE CRIMINAL OFFENSE, ABUSE OF OFFICIAL POSITION AND AUTHORIZATION, ACCORDING TO CRIMINAL LEGISLATION AND PRACTICE
Authors: Panov Tose
Published: January 2020

In this paper the author will try to analyze and describe the basic characteristics of the criminal offenses against official duty, and he will pay special attention to the criminal act "Abuse of official position and authority" from Article 353 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Macedonia as a general and fundamental criminal offense against official duty. The basic elements of the criminal offense will be analyzed, starting with the status of the perpetrators, the acts of committing, the consequences of the offense, the guilt of the perpetrator, and in the end are presented the qualified forms of this criminal act. Through the outburst of the legal norms, and the stated statistics we will try to give freshness to the legal text, and that is the main contribution of this paper.
THE SECURITY AND INFLUENCE OF AMERICAN DIPLOMACY IN THE BALKANS
Authors: Kadriu Alban
Published: January 2020

Convinced that I train a topic that is extremely important at the time and at the same time very relevant to the circumstances in which the United States and its allies are doing today, continue to play a very important role on the international stage, as well as in Europe and elsewhere and still remain with great influence.The goal of this thesis is to motivate more precisely the socio-political circumstances that not only differ from moment to moment, but also include ideas and successive situations that sometimes even the most exciting scientists find it difficult to identify what is happens and appears at certain moments. With the greatest dedication and knowing that what I am saying from this point can be changed, it was also reasonable to give some ideas from my point of view and to approach my ideas now called the political and international scene with a sophisticated expression of democratic values with a very strong dose of indications that we can call moderate invasions. Shortly, this is, in the present, making American contemporary politics through its allies and influences, which in fact tend to be many factors; economic, political, military, and primarily geostrategic.My job is aimed not to look at this issue in detail, but to give an individual approach in comparison with the appearance and the case, as it seems from my point of view, which I do not think includes several challenges that are drawn into circles; today this has happened with concrete and diverse diplomatic actions, but my will attract those who are most interested in Europe, the Balkans and elsewhere in the current and current circumstances.
APPLICATION OF THE LAW AND PREVENTION OF ECONOMIC CRIME IN KOSOVO
Authors: Dragaj Arsim , Maliqi Alban
Published: January 2020

The issue, which we will be treated economic criminality and its features. Economic criminality, as a shaft theme, will be analyzed in several respects. In this paper of doctoral degree will be treated the economic criminality, which in the criminal code of Kosovo is defined as a criminal offense against the economy. Some of the criminal offenses against the economy will be analyzed along with their general and specific characteristics and will also be treated the penalties foreseen for these criminal offenses. Especially will be treated thee factors and causes that influence the occurrence of this criminality separately. Economic criminality has a degrading effect on the contemporary social system and regulation of the state. This kind of criminality as such as it is, poses a threat to Kosovo's stability and international stability, so the limits of the extent of economic criminality, we can say, there are not the country's borders. In Kosovo, economic criminality continues to be a very present and very negative phenomenon that is trying to emulate the development and consolidation of the state of Kosovo. The damage that comes as a result of economic criminality is far greater than any expense incurred for combating and preventing this phenomenon. Economic criminality is a dangerous phenomenon for society, as this kind of criminality is affecting the economic system and the economic and social relations of the country. Since the title of this issue is "The Forms and Causes of Economic Crime in Kosovo for the Period 2008-2011", so for the purpose of recognizing the presence and presence of this kind of criminality in Kosovo will be presented a criminal offense economic crime for the period from 2008 to 2017. In continuance there will be treated the procedural aspect and the role of the competent bodies for prosecuting, preventing and combating economic criminality such as the police, the prosecution and the court.
THE EU ESDP MISSIONS IN THE WESTERN BALKANS
Authors: Oxha Shpendim , Nasufi Dashmir
Published: January 2020

What today increasingly tends to be characterized as the growing unity and identity of the continent of Europe is a consequence of developments and events at the end of the twentieth century. Until then, for Europe (and for today’s EU member states) more distinctions, antagonisms and different interests were characteristic than the common objectives or the common spirit of a common security policy and co-operation. The ESDP is a unique EU project that belongs to the second pillar of the EU, and aims, based on military and civil capabilities, to manage the various crises in the region and beyond and to have a diplomatic role in managing the economic, political and military crises. In the Western Balkans, the ESDP was politically and militarily engaged. In this context, the ESDP mission would be seen as a positive mission. Until today, six missions of the European security and defense policy in Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo have been made, of which one military and two civilians. Operation Concordia in Macedonia was undoubtedly the first NATO military mission under the EU/ESDP leadership in the framework of the “Berlin Plus” Agreement. Mission “Proxima” as a continuation of the mission “Concordia” was a civilian mission within the Macedonian police to support this and focus on the fight against organized crime. Mission “Proxima” continued to focus on the gradual stabilization of the country. In Bosnia and Hercegovina, under the EU-ESDP umbrella were two missions, a military one under the name “EUDOR -Althea” and one police mission under the name EUPM. Both the police and military missions were succeeding NATO missions. This agreement and the story of ESDP were the results of the BERLIN plus agreement. Finally, the EU-ESDP is represented with a mission in Kosovo as an agreement between UNMIK-NATO-EU/ESDP. The EULEX mission (deployment) is a civilian mission whose main purpose is to assist and support Kosovo's authorities in rule of law, especially in the police, judiciary and customs field. This is a technical mission that will monitor, instruct and advise while retaining a limited number of executive powers. EULEX acts in a general framework of United Resolution 1244 and has a unified chain of command in Brussels.
WHAT HAPPENED THAT LEAD TO THE WAR IN KOSOVO
Authors: Bogdanov Plamen
Published: January 2020

As it is well known, in Kosovo on June 12 the last war in which the country has passed has ended. On this date, NATO troops, called KFOR, have been established in the territory of Kosovo, an international military force that still operates within the territory of the state and is responsible for the security of the Republic of Kosovo, in accordance with United Nations Resolution 1244 United States and based on Kumanovo's technical-military agreement. This military force has the mandate to create and maintain the security of Kosovo's citizens and at the same time to control and oversee Kosovo's borders. It should be noted that this military force has a mandate to operate within the territory of Kosovo, but we must bear in mind that today Kosovo needs immediate access to international security organizations such as Europol and Interpol for reasons of growth (terrorism, human trafficking, international trafficking in narcotics, etc.), as well as in terms of nationality and problems that threaten the globe. Control of the entire territory of Kosovo is a challenge in itself.
POSSIBLE SENSITIVE VICTIMS - WITNESSES
Authors: Adžajlić-Dedović Azra , Halilović Haris , Rizvo Samir
Published: January 2020

Victims and witnesses may be reluctant to give information and evidence because of perceived or actual intimidation or threats against themselves or members of their family. This concern may be exacerbated where people who come into contact with the criminal justice system are particularly vulnerable. For instance, by virtue of their age and developing levels of maturity, children require that special measures be taken to ensure that they are appropriately assisted and protected by criminal justice processes.Victims who receive appropriate and adequate care and support are more likely to cooperate with the criminal justice system in bringing perpetrators of crime to justice. However, inadequacies of criminal justice systems may mean that victims are not able to access the services they need and may even be re-victimized by the criminal justice system itself.
THE SPECIFICITY OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET AS AN ELEMENT OF SOCIAL SECURITY
Authors: Dimitrova Sevdalina , Tishkov Petar
Published: January 2020

The pharmaceutical market in the modern business environment is highly competitive, abounding in the range of pharmaceutical products offered by different manufacturers. At first glance, it bears all the hallmarks of each market, namely the place where you encounter the demand and supply of medicinal products and pharmaceutical services of specified quality, at an affordable price, meeting the requirement of safety and efficacy at the right time and the right place to meet certain needs. On this basis, for the successful functioning of the pharmaceutical market important is the existence of demand and supply of specific goods medicinal products whose consumption is in the case, i.e. in a situation occurred with the health of consumers established by medical. And this means there should be an identification of the objects available on the market, in a dynamic business environment and according to the factors of this environment. And since the products and services offered on this market are directly related to the health status of the nation of any country, it should be seen as an element of social security. This, more than ever, determines the need to introduce the relevant regulatory mechanisms on this market, in order to avoid unfair competition and products and services, endangering people's lives. In this aspect the scientific research of the authors is to present fragments, determining the specifics of the pharmaceutical market, in the context of social security subsystem. Furthermore the theme is seemingly familiar, but our research is focused on a retrospective analysis of the characteristics of the pharmaceutical market in a competitive business environment . Hence, the authors' research objective is to present a retrospective analysis of the key features of the pharmaceutical market in the context of national security, in particular social security. And this, more or less, requires a study of the theoretical and practical aspects in that direction. Moreover, with the help of the research, analytical and management approaches, the key role of the pharmaceutical market should be justified, as a guarantor of the human factor's viability. And because the pharmaceutical market is multifaceted, then the entities operating in this market have their missions, goals and objectives, a fact which in itself implies the interaction and functioning chain of command, united by the common goal of the pharmaceutical market.
PERTINENT USE OF DIASPORA REMMITANCE –VITIA CASE
Authors: Aliu Lirie , Ademi Gjylten
Published: January 2020

Albanian Diaspora is present throughout the world and is large in numbers. A substantial emigration from Kosovo has been taken place in various phases during the second half of the 20th century as Albanians in Kosovo, Macedonia and Albania as well. Albanians generally know the burden of migration. Albanian families have at least one of their close family member or a relative living and working outside Kosovo. For many decades main financial resources from our compatriots have been uncontested and a living source for Kosovo families! In addition, diaspora marks dynamics and drive of money as in construction and trade, and its peak is during the winter and summer holidays. Therefore, we were interested in the most inclusive way and locally to focus on remittances of our compatriots who are from the city of Vitia and surroundings. Interest to investigate this development realized since the municipality of Vitia this year (2016) continually supported the migrants to invest and aid them to channel their humanitarian resources through official and transparent channels by organizing different events and joint cultural gatherings. Maybe, a little bit to alleviate poverty in this city and to deepen cooperation further. The municipality of Vitia is located in south-eastern Kosovo. It covers an area of approximately 276 km² and includes Vitia town and 38 villages. The total population is approximately 47,000 (46,987 according to the Kosovo Population and Housing Census 2011).170 It's interesting that Vitia’s diaspora is very powerful and active always ready to help its people whenever it’s needed. Approximately more than 35% of Vitia’s inhabitants work and live in Switzerland and Germany. Approximately every second village has its respective association in the city where they live, in Switzerland or Germany.
GOVERNMENT DEBT OF SELECTED EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Świeboda Wioletta
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to present the main data about general government debt. It is a challenge to analyze selected group of countries because they are very heterogeneous. For instance Belgium is a well-developed “old-EU” country while Spain is one of the southern European countries with specific issues like unemployment and a huge national debt. Poland, on the contrary, had a centrally planned economy, went through the transition to market economy and only subsequently became an EU member. The key point of this research is to explain how they evolved in the years after the crisis. This paper includes an analysis of the evolution of the public budget of each government.It was fundamental to implement urgent measures and policies, in order to recover the economy of these countries and return to sustainable growth after the 2008 Financial Crisis. A brief overview of these countries’ pensions systems is included, as it has a major share in their government spending and fiscal stability. It is one of the most concerning fiscal issues nowadays that is constantly being in question and probably modified in the short-term.As of 2008, the first symptoms of the international financial crisis began to manifestthemselves in the European countries. As a consequence, European countries like Spain orBelgium suffered a drop in their economic activity and an increase of the unemploymentrate. In the case of Poland, the impact of the crisis was not as dramatic as in other countries,however they also needed to react to the financial deficit.Between the period of 2010 and 2017, the countries needed to make several reformsespecially concerning the national Value Added Tax, and restructuring the provision ofcertain public services such as health funding, infrastructure, education and employment. General government debt-to-GDP ratio is the amount of a country's total gross government debt as a percentage of its GDP. It is an indicator of an economy's health and a key factor for the sustainability of government finance. "Debt" is commonly defined as a specific subset of liabilities identified according to the types of financial instruments included or excluded. The evolution of public debt and the government surplus/deficit among the years, helps to picture how was the country economy situation before the Financial Crisis and therefore helps to understand why the consequences are in some cases more extreme and dramatic than other.
TAX SYSTEM IN THE FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Authors: Radovanović Biljana , Stojmenović Gordana
Published: January 2020

In the upcoming period, the Republic of Serbia should provide financial resources in the amount of about EUR 10 billion for the field of environmental protection in order to harmonize standards with EU standards in the same area and in that way bring it closer to joining the European peoples' community. Analyzing existing sources and levels of environmental financing, there are major problems that the Republic of Serbia has to overcome in order to join the European Union. It is necessary to adopt strategies in the field of climate change, air pollution and waters of the Republic of Serbia, and that the Ministry of Environmental Protection should be given greater authority. One of the most common and most sophisticated sources of financing environmental protection is found in fiscal conditions, primarily in ecological taxes, fees and taxes collected within the tax system of the Republic of Serbia.
EXPORT POTENTIAL OF THE DEFENCE INDUSTRY OF SERBIA AND THE PERSPECTIVE OF FURTHER AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Vidović Nikola , Dželetović Milenko , Beriša Hatidža
Published: January 2020

The economic and security stability of Serbia is closely related to the state and development potentials of the Serbian defense industry. Accelerated development and integration into the flows of the national and international economy of this sector of the economy, through the procurement of new technologies, and the growing export potential in recent years has been recognized as an essential element of the national security policy of the Republic of Serbia.The Defense Industry of Serbia today is a guarantor of the security of vital defense interests and significantly influences economic activity. Competitive advantages distinguished by the defense industry of Serbia are the professional competence of the employees, the volume of production capacities, the recognition and competitiveness of certain segments of the production program in the foreign market, the scientific research community and the experience in research, development of certain products and the production itself. A steady development of the entire economy must to provide preconditions for increasing the budget aimed at defending the country. That would be one the parties allowed to increase production in factories of the Serbian defense industry, and with others would influence the easier placement of individuals combat systems, weapons and military equipment in foreign markets. The paper analyzes systematically the export potential of this industrial branch, as well as its impact on the overall economy of Serbia and the economic activity of the country.The results of the survey also show adequate measures that the Government, through its line ministries of defence, should take to ensure continuity in production and ensure further sustainable development of the industry.
RETROSPECTIVE OVERVIEW OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN B&H DURING THE PERIOD 2008-2009, WITH THE FOCUS ON KOSOVO
Authors: A. Džogović Suada , Džogović Anela
Published: January 2020

Foreign direct investments, as one of the most important instruments of national economy, represent an opportunity to increase production, increase employment, accelerate structural reforms, improve external financial situation of a country, increase foreign currency reserves, less restrictions in current balance, and get a more favorable credit rating. Taking into account that in less developed countries, and the countries in transition, such as Bosnia and Herzegovina or the Republic of Kosovo, the lack of capital is the crucial limiting factor, the inflow of foreign direct investments is a necessary and indispensable condition for their dynamic growth, development and resolution of many inherited problems of the past. The aim of this paper is primarily to evaluate the changes in the perception of foreign direct investments, which nowadays represent a part of a broader economic reform of the developing countries, including the opening up of the economy towards foreign trade, as well as the emphasis on becoming competitive on international scale.Following the end of aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina, the country faced a number of complex challenges, not only political but also economic challenges, deriving from a confusing and undefined Dayton Accord, intended most likely to break up the foundations of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a state, by weighing down on the economic perspective of the country. And only when the Dayton anomalies are removed from the legal, political, economic and other segments of the Bosnian society, it could count on the prosperous development and, consequently, on significant investments of foreign capital.At the end of this paper, the importance of foreign direct investment for the Republic of Kosovo was also presented.
SPECIFIC MARKETING COMPLEX IN THE SPHERE OF EU FUNDING IN BULGARIA
Authors: Stefanov Tsanko
Published: January 2020

Following the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union a number of new obligations for the country have been arisen but also new opportunities for public and corporate project funding have been opened.The government of the country has developed seven operational programs, operating within the period from 2007 to 2013, through which the public and private sectors were able to benefit from funding various initiatives through European financial instruments. In the current 2014-2020 programming period seven operational programs are active again, their scope being changed in comparison to the previous period on the basis of the performed analyses of the implementation and for greater expediency.As a new and modern phenomenon in the Bulgarian economic practice, the operational programs have been of interest to the researches of a number of Bulgarian scientists. Some of them go beyond their bounds and focus on the overall European integration at the supranational level. Others examine the effect of our national operational programs on the national economy. There are also scientists focusing on the microeconomic effect from the program implementation in relation to individual business units.In spite of the serious scientific interest in the opportunities for EU funding there is not enough work in Bulgaria concerning the relations between the programs and their beneficiaries.Despite some differences between them, the completed operational programs and the active operational programs have similarities in regard to their attitudes to their end users – the beneficiaries. In this regard, we can examine EU funding, channeled through the seven programs, from a marketing aspect.In this paper we will pay attention to a specific product offered to the beneficiaries, then we will consider the price paid for it, we will examine the channels through which this product reaches its end users and will study the communication channels for connection with them.The four elements of the marketing complex related to the EU funding through the operational programs differ significantly from the elements related to traditional products. They are strictly specific and the main purpose of the paper is to demonstrate these differences but also to characterize them.As a subject of the paper, the specific elements of the marketing mix in the sphere of EU funding can be pointed out through the mechanisms of the developed operational programs.The main object of the paper are the active operational programs in the current programming period in Bulgaria as well as the programs of the previous programming period in our country.
BUSINESS PLAN OF A UNIVERSITY PRESS TO THE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF PLOVDIV
Authors: Kilova Kristina , Bakova Desislava , Mateva Nonka , Peychev Zhivko , Yaneva Antoniya
Published: January 2020

The creation of a University Press is a prerequisite for raising the reputation of the Medical University - Plovdiv. With its significant scientific output and the large number of students, it will represent the face of the University in front of the scientific communities and will be an important element of the national and international interuniversity communication. By documenting the individual qualities of the teachers, knowledge is preserved and its development is assisted, thus meeting the public demands. Without a developed publishing activity, it is difficult to evolve the creative potential of teachers and students. The University Press, on the one hand, is a real participant in the learning process, as it facilitates students' access to books as well as novelties in science. On the other hand, it is also a natural center of university life.
THE SCHOOL PRINCIPAL’S COMPETENCES
Authors: Vukojičić - Stefanović Valentina
Published: January 2020

The quality of work andefficiency of a school are more and more dependent on the principal, his/her capability for school working organization, competent/pedagogical leadership which he/she conducts, as well as his personal traits and other potentials. The changes in schools are directed towardschanges of school organizational development and towards changes in school leadership. The principal has to have certain competences in order to realize his/her leading role, in other words to be equally successful in conductingadministrative/technical and competent/pedagogical activities in the school. Logically speaking this entails intensive professionalization and respect of competence standards for principals. Competence standards encompass systematical and functional knowledge in the area of the principal’s leadership, capabilities, abilities and values, which every principal should have so that he might achieve goals, assignments and the school working plan. Principal’s competences determine many results of the school and students’ achievements which enlarge their responsibility for achieving school results. The same reasons imply that the principal should find the manner of leadership in order to affirm the school, not only as a place for learning and teaching, but as an organization that learns permanently. Overcoming differences between the actual and the desired principal is made possible by professionalization that is to say by systematical training and competent specialization of the principal, which has a permanent raising of the principal’s competences as its goal. Professionalization of the principal should begin by his/her delegation based on the trustworthy criteria together with application of quality programs of principal training, with permanent monitoring, encouraging and evaluation of principal’s achievements.
REFORMING PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Authors: Djordjevic Sasha , Boykov Daryan
Published: January 2020

Problems related to the study of public management of local communities in the cross-border region Bulgaria-Serbia have not been the subject of in-depth independent research. The up-to-date nature of this theme stems from new developments in the region's development and the need to deepen regional cooperation in order to make more effective use of resources in the region and opportunities for convergence between behavior and governance patterns. The content is highlighted by the problems of the new millennium stemming from the conflict of resources, the demographic distortions and the impact of human resources development, the ecological congestion of the natural environment, which processes already carry not only national but also global regional dimensions. The importance of the issue is also reinforced by the fact that "convergence" in the Balkans is imperative in order to respond to the European regional development strategy.
THE VALUES OF THE LEADER AND THE RELATIONSHIP OF LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Hajro Ali
Published: January 2020

The word leader by itself thoroughly has a philosophical paradigm where everyone must understand the leaders vision regardless of him being supervisor or submissive. For that purpose in this study case we will see how a leaders values should be and the differences between a leader and a manager. To be on a appropriate high level, every organization must have and produce its own quads with a leaders behavior. Тhere should be people who will be abled to follow and understand his vision on all levels of the hierarchy. The true power of acting derives from the recognition of the concept of change, and requesting opportunities. In such a environment, the leaders must have a lot of competence to survive. The goal of this study case was to explore i.e. gain a clearer picture of the leaders position-leader and manager, its values and knowing the difference. The leader and the manager at first glance might seem as one function, but when we take a look at their characteristics, values and their use of techniques of acting, we will see two diametral differences. Without good managers the organization is at risk to go down in chaos, but without an effective leader the organization becomes lethargic and stops growing. Very often the people in charge are said to be leaders only because of them having a defined position,even though they are in charge of the management, the results in the best case are indirect. One leader can constantly affect the organization through setting strategic ideas and longterm goals.
MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF EVENTS THAT CAN CAUSE CATASTROPHES
Authors: Trpeski Pavle , Ajdini Samir
Published: January 2020

The dam Mavrovo on the Mavrovo Lake was built on the river Mavrovska at the very exit of the Mavrovo field. The dam can relay in several cases: war, natural disasters (tectonic disturbance, earthquake, flood and human factor), and antiterrorist attack. During the demolition of the dam, a flood wave would be formed along the valley of the Mavrovska River and the Radika River. The basic, main and priority goals that are expected to be achieved after the conducted research, analysis and preparation of this paper are as follows: Realization of the possibilities for reaction and support for cracks, collapse and other damage to dams, Realizing the possibilities for reaction and support if cracks, crashes and other damage to the dams, creating conditions for the occurrence of infectious diseases in humans, animals and plants, achieving the possibilities for reaction and support if cracks, crashes and other damage to dams, resulting in greater material damage to the habitats, destruction of industrial capacities of livestock farms, etc., Realizing the possibilities for reaction and support in the event of an earthquake, Realizing the possibilities for reaction and flood support, Realizing the possibilities for reaction and support during intensive snowfall, snow drifts, avalanches, landslides and more land-slippery landscapes, Realizing the possibilities for reaction and support at extremely high or low temperatures and dense fogs and I have achieved ment opportunities for response and support large-scale fires. In the event that there is a drainage of the dam, if there are no previous optional solutions for managing the possible consequences, there will be a natural disaster on a considerable scale.If the dam is destroyed, it is expected to be destroyed: The entire road infrastructure from Mavrovo to Debar; The economic capacities of the same move, Family homes after the flow of the river radika. There are climatic and pedological consequences and Disruption of biodiversity in the region.
FACTORS DETERMINING MIGRATION OF THE POPULATION
Authors: Katsarski Nikolay
Published: January 2020

Migration as a phenomenon is present in the whole history of mankind. It is an unexplained urge for people to change, which is expressed in the search for security, happiness and opportunity for development. At different times, migration plays an important role in the lives of individuals, countries and continents, and becomes an important factor in the development of civilizations, their destiny and security. Politics plays a key role in the development and construction of migratory behavior in society. As a factor, it is related to the security of people, their interests in which their rights should not be violated or they should not be harmed in any way. Political instability and attitude to democratic potential are emerging as a reason for the emergence of migratory attitudes. Nowadays this factor is shifted from the socio-economic one.Migration factors are predominant in terms of economic divergences in some countries. The state of the economy in the countries plays a leading role. A lower standard of living will continue to be a supporting factor for external migration. In many countries there are negative trends in employment, economic activity and unemployment. There are a number of social problems related to the reduction of the living potential of the population. Poverty in one country strongly determines the motivation of the people. The inability of people to lead a normal and fulfilling life leads them to start looking for a better standard abroad.In today's globalization, migration is global. As a socio-economic phenomenon it is associated with the dynamics and mechanical movement of the population in the countries and regions. The consequences of migration processes can affect the demographic development of the population, the economy and other aspects of the life of the population. Their consequences are generally negative, although there are those that can also be considered positive.
INNOVATIONS IN TOURISM
Authors: Andreyevich Deyan , Boykov Daryan
Published: January 2020

In today's globalization and strong competition on national and international markets, innovation is a key factor in boosting competitiveness, making a major contribution to adapting Tourism businesses to ever-changing environmental conditions and conducive to sustainable growth. Looking at the problems related to the innovation activity of tourism enterprises, it is necessary to take into account the novelties in the development of tourism business in the contemporary conditions. These are primarily related to the fact that the user of tourist services is now much more active and with much more clearly defined expectations and needs than the passive user of tourist products. To a large extent this is due to the rapidly developing information and communication technologies in recent years which provide practically unlimited access for consumers to heterogeneous and sometimes contradictory information on tourism products and services. All of this, in turn, leads to the transformation of the tourism market into a highly dynamic and consumer-oriented one. This type of market requires that the organization and management of the tourism enterprise is also directly oriented towards consumers and the satisfaction of their conscious and unconscious needs.
THEORETICAL BASES OF TOURISM BRANDING
Authors: Naydenov Kliment
Published: January 2020

The emergence of a brand is a consequence of the idea of identifying a particular product. Its beginnings are related to craftsmanship and the desire of every master to make his work recognizable and memorable. The brand can be perceived as the distinctive feature of the subject that will make the audience choose it for others in the same field. The brand can be a megabrand, an international brand, a national and a local brand. From the level of his development stems also the specifics of his elements - name, visual, verbal and sound symbols, etc. The smart management of the brand gives a number of advantages to the company, assists in building a positive image of the brand that they associate with the company and its production. Branding helps consumers orient themselves in the huge flow of information, discover the products and services of companies that have built up their preferences. Companies are given the opportunity to launch new products / services at lower costs and thus increase revenue ratios. A tourist brand is a slogan and a logo of a city, region, or country for the exit of that territory into the tourist services market. The territory or region is seen as a product that, like others, has its significant elements.The tourist destination brand has its own specificity. It can not be created in "green" and is associated with the main assets of the destination: landscape, people, culture and history. The brand must be consistent with a complex set of factors and elements that determine the quality of the tourist product, its accessibility and consumer interests. Its features are the creation of an experience like the product being sold, and the experience is hard to sell. Branding has to wrap up the experience as something that can be easier on the market. The destination brand is capturing the distinctive elements of the destination within the brand and transmitting these elements through the brand's components: identity, personality, image, character and culture.
ESSENCE, PECULIARITIES AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTREME TOURISM IN BULGARIA
Authors: Ivanov Metodi
Published: January 2020

Tourism plays a significant role in the development of a free market economy. It is a source of foreign investment and has a direct contribution to the balance of capital of its developing destinations. Creates and maintains jobs through direct or indirect employment of people as a result of foreign visitors' spending in the host country. In the late 1980s and early 1990s in the history of sport, a new stream called "extreme sports" (extreme - from lat. Extremus - extreme, extraordinary) entered. They combine athletes with increased risk, non-standard thinking and behavior. Some of this group of sports, or the like, have existed since ancient times in the form of an ancient ritual or a local custom in which courage and fearlessness proved. Recently, there is an increasing number of people who want to practice some sports, which have very strong feelings - jumping with elastic rope, delta and paragliding, rock climbing, "white water" rafting and canoeing, , jumping with a parachute, balloons and more. Changes in the value orientation of modern man lead to changes in his attitudes towards different types of sports and tourism. Especially in the younger generation - from 14 to 35 years. Not many of them are looking for non-standard, extreme sports, adventure to meet their personal emotional needs and to discover through their sports their own identity. Based on the practice of the most renowned tourist companies in the world, a number of non-standard sports and activities, sometimes bearing the scars of adventure and adventure, but sought after and desired by some tourists, have entered and continue to take place in recent years.
Desarrollo y validación de un método analítico para la determinación de N-3-metoxibencil-linoleamida en homogenizado de cerebro de ratas Sprague Dawley por Cromatografía líquida de alta resolución
Authors: Moscoso Palacios Rodrigo , Aranzamendi Zenteno Maria , Paredes Fuentes Julitza , Carpio Carpio José , Villanueva Salas José , Vera López Karin , Nieto Montesinos Rita
Published: January 2020

Un método rápido, sensible y preciso por Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución fue desarrollado y validado para la determinación de los niveles de N-3-metoxibencil-linoleamida en cerebro de ratas Sprague Dawley. Durante la preparación de la muestra se usó acetonitrilo como solvente de extracción y N-bencil-palmitamida como estándar interno. El analito se separó en una columna Chromolith® Performance con elución isocrática de acetonitrilo-agua ultrapura (80:20, v/v) a 1.0 mL/min y a 40°C. La detección se realizó utilizando un detector de arreglo de diodos a una longitud de onda de 205 nm. La selectividad del método se confirmó por la ausencia de interferentes endógenos. El método desarrollado se usó para construir curvas de calibración lineales en el rango de concentración de 250 y 10 000 ng/mL, (R2 ≥ 0.9900). Usando 500 μg de homogeneizado de cerebro, el límite inferior de cuantificación validado fue de 250.0 ng/mL. La exactitud y precisión intra e inter-día estuvieron dentro del 15% de las concentraciones nominales. Asimismo, el analito y su estándar interno demostraron ser estables durante el almacenamiento, la preparación de muestra y el análisis cromatográfico.
The Role of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in Maintaining Religious Tolerance in Papua: Some ‎Observations
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan
Published: January 2020

The presence of the Transnational Islamic Movement in Papua in the 1998 Reformation era has transformed the relationship between Muslims and Christians which had been harmoniously tense and could even lead to inter-religious conflict. One of the Islamic organisations in Papua working to maintain religious harmony is Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). Therefore, this paper aims to review how the NU responded to the Tolikara incident and the Koya Barat incident. Both cases related to the presence of the transnational Islamic actors in Papua, including Salafi-Wahhabi group, specifically Jafar Umar Thalib’s faction in Papua, which has disturbed interreligious relations. This article argues that Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) plays a vital role in maintaining religious harmony that is in jeopardy with the presence of the transnational Islamic movement in Papua. This paper is based on data from fieldwork that the author has done from the end of 2015 to the early 2019 and is equipped with related library data.
Kesetaraan Gender di Pesantren NU: Sebuah Telaah atas single sex Classroom di Pendidikan Diniyah Formal Ulya Pondok Pesantren Al Fithrah Surabaya.
Authors: Kamil Sahri Iksan , Hidayah Lailatul
Published: January 2020

Isu gender menjadi isu yang terus dibcarakan dalam dunia pendidikan. Sistem pendidikan dengan menggunakan sistem single sex classroom menjadi perhatian dalam isu ini. Sistem ini adalah sistem pendidikan yang memisahkan peserta didik berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Adanya pemisahan laki-laki dan perempuan dalam hal pembelajaran serta kegiatan-kegiatan lainnya tersebut berdasarkan beberapa alasan, di antaranya adalah alasan ajaran agama dan tradisi. Dalam konteks ini, unit pendidikan di dalam naungan Pondok Pesantren Al-Fithrah yang merupakan pondok pesantren afiliasi Nahdhatul Ulama (NU) menerapkan kebijakan single sex class tersebut karena alasan ajaran agama Islam dan tradisi mono sex yang telah berlaku di pesantren. Lalu bagaimanakah persepsi kesetaraan gender di lingkungan pesantren yang menerapkan hal tersebut. Untuk menjawab hal tersebut, maka penelitian lapangan di Penddikan Diniyah Formal Pondok Pesantren Al Fithrah, Surabaya, dengan menggunakan pendekatan gender dan fenomenologi. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pihak pesantren tidak membeda-bedakan perlakuan pada kualitas pendidikan santri putra dan santri putri. Perempuan di PDF Ulya Al Fithrah juga terlihat berperan aktif srta tidak menjadi kelompok kelas kedua. Penelitian ini juga mengkonfirmasi segregasi gender atau pemisahan antara laki-laki dengan perempuan dalam sistem pembelajaran dianggap tidak menyalahi dengan konsep kesetaraan gender yang diyakini pesantren. Pada kebijakan dan manajemen peserta didik, PDF Ulya Al Fithrah menyetarakan kebutuhan pendidikan baik santri putra maupun putri Walaupun juga ditemukan bahwa pada PDF Putra Al Fithrah tidak terdapat ustadzah sedangkan pada PDF putri terdapat ustadz laki-laki. Kebijakan single classroom lebih didasarkan pada tradisi pesantren dibanding dengan diskriminasi gender.
Harmonization of Abortion Settings in Indonesia
Authors: Anggara Bayu , Resen Made Gde Subha Karma
Published: January 2020

This study is entitled Harmonization of Abortion Law in Indonesia. Abortion today is not something that is taboo to discuss and talk about, because abortion has occurred everywhere. Abortion is a health issue that is gaining attention nowadays in Indonesia. The regulation of abortion in Indonesia is regulated by 2 (two) Laws namely the Criminal Code and the Health Law, which is where there is a conflict of norms that the Criminal Code prohibits loopholes for abortion by anyone and under any conditions. While the Health Act provides space for abortions for women with pregnancies that endanger their lives and women with pregnancies due to rape. The problem of this writing is related to the harmonization of abortion arrangements in Indonesia and abortion arrangements in the future. This research was conducted by normative legal methods. Harmonization of abortion arrangements in Indonesia is resolved with legal theory, namely the Lex Specialis Derogat Legi Generalis legal theory, meaning that if there is an abortion case in Indonesia then the source of reference or legal basis is the Health Act because it is more specific than the Criminal Code. Abortion arrangements in Indonesia in the future in the form of a Penal Code also touches on the aspect of abortion which is regulated in Article 589 to Article 592 and remains on the concept to prohibit abortion by anyone and under any conditions.
Electrically Programmable Probabilistic Bit Anti-Correlator on a Nanomagnetic Platform
Authors: McCray Mason , Abeed Md Ahsanul , Bandyopadhyay Supriyo
Published: January 2020

Probabilistic computing algorithms require electrically programmable
stochasticity to encode arbitrary probability functions and controlled
stochastic interaction or correlation between probabilistic (p-) bits. The
latter is implemented with complex electronic components leaving a large
footprint on a chip and dissipating excessive amount of energy. Here, we show
an elegant implementation with just two dipole-coupled magneto-tunneling
junctions (MTJ), with magnetostrictive soft layers, fabricated on a
piezoelectric film. The resistance states of the two MTJs (high or low) encode
the p-bit values (1 or 0) in the two streams. The first MTJ is driven to a
resistance state with desired probability via a current or voltage that
generates spin transfer torque, while the second MTJ’s resistance state is
determined by dipole coupling with the first, thus correlating the second p-bit
stream with the first. The effect of dipole coupling can be varied by
generating local strain in the soft layer of the second MTJ with a local
voltage (~ 0.2 V) and that varies the degree of anti-correlation between the
resistance states of the two MTJs and hence between the two streams (from 0% to
100%). This paradigm generates the anti-correlation with “wireless” dipole
coupling that consumes no footprint on a chip and dissipates no energy, and it
controls the degree of anti-correlation with electrically generated strain that
consumes minimal footprint and is extremely frugal in its use of energy. It can
be extended to arbitrary number of bit streams. This realizes an “all-magnetic”
platform for probabilistic computing.
Massive Open Online Course
Authors: Silari Fabio
Published: January 2020

The so-called 'digital revolution' and the economic and social transformations of the last decades have also involved university education, requiring not only some aspects of traditional lectures to adapt, but also several on-line teaching projects to be launched. A recent aspect of this process, started by North American university institutions such as Stanford, Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is represented by the worldwide offer of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), which have no limit concerning the number of participants. and do not require a binding and expensive registration. Using international literature on the subject, this study analyses the origins and evolution of this new system of university teaching.