bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NOTAS SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO E A EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR NO BRASIL EM CONTEXTOS DE IMPERIALISMO
Authors: Rodrigues Pereira Maria De Fátima , Schlesener Anita Helena
Published: June 2017

Este texto é dedicado a notas sobre desenvolvimento e educação superior no Brasil no contexto do imperialismo. Considera-se o conceito de imperialismo, surgido da análise da estrutura econômica capitalista efetuada pelos socialdemocratas ao final do século XIX e divulgado a partir do ensaio popular de Lenin (1980): O Imperialismo, fase superior do capitalismo para designar o domínio econômico instituído a partir do desenvolvimento do capitalismo monopolista no contexto da expansão mundial da economia. Porém, atenta-se para as suas características pós Segunda Guerra Mundial, muito mais se efetivando pelo domínio econômico e ideológico do que pela posse de grandes extensões de terras por parte dos grandes monopólios e Estados que os representam. Neste cenário tomam dianteira os Estados Unidos da América do Norte. Por sua vez, o Brasil apresenta características especificas, a relação de dependência com o capitalismo estrangeiro gerou uma burguesia nacional que sempre contou com o Estado para consolidar seu poder econômico, social e político. Não foi diferente durante os governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores, analisados, a despeito dos debates a favor ou contra, como promotores de um projeto desenvolvimentista e ou neo desenvolvimentista. Neste cenário o ensino superior tendeu a ser de inserção social a partir de qualificação em nível tecnológico, de graduação e de pós-graduação, de mão-de-obra para a recomposição da divisão social do trabalho, sob o impulso de políticas como FIES, PROUNI e REUNI. As forças sociais que promoveram o impeachment em 2016, tem forte acento anti popular e realizam aperto e ajustes fiscais que sufocam as universidades públicas e os seus professores, abrindo novos tempos de lutas e resistências. Cabe apontar a necessidade de se entender melhor as articulações do capital e seu assalto à educação nomeadamente as trincheiras da “escola sem partido” que é fruto de uma ideologia conservadora que pretende eliminar dos quadros da escola pública o pensamento crítico.
A EDUCAÇÃO POLÍTICA COMO CONDIÇÃO DE LUTA
Authors: Nagel Lizia Helena
Published: June 2017

Resumo: A reforma do ensino médio, projetada pela Medida Provisória no. 746, que introduz profundas mudanças na estrutura do Ensino Médio, sofre críticas que não podem ser ignoradas. No entanto, não basta a clareza sobre os limites das propostas curriculares e, tampouco, o reconhecimento das suas consequências. Urge, nesse momento, recuperar a educação política dos envolvidos nos processos educativos porque o avanço do neoliberalismo deixou marcas no cidadão, garantindo uma ideologia que o leva à própria destruição. Apatia, ressentimento, medo, individualismo, narcisismo, entre outros comportamentos, caso não combatidos, só fortalecerão as medidas hoje contestadas.

Palavras chave: Reforma do Ensino Médio – Educação Política – Comportamentos. 
GESTÃO DE CUSTOS E PRESTAÇÃO DE CONTAS: UM ESTUDO EM UMA ORGANIZAÇÃO SEM FINS LUCRATIVOS
Authors: Laffin Nathália Helena Fernandes , Raupp Fabiano Maury
Published: June 2017

Este artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa que teve por objetivo sistematizar os gastos de

uma organização sem fins lucrativos de modo a contribuir para a construção de prestação de

contas. A organização objeto de estudo é a Irmandade do Divino Espírito Santo,

IDES/Promenor, localizada em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. A pesquisa é exploratória,

realizada por meio de um estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Os

instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram análise de documentos, observação e

entrevista. Em termos de análise dos dados, foi utilizada a análise descritiva. Os resultados da

pesquisa demonstram que a utilização de um método de custeio e a sua sistematização

mostram aos gestores (e demais interessados) o retorno dos investimentos à sociedade em

geral e, dessa forma, subsidiar as diferentes rotinas da entidade, destacando, aqui, a

informação tempestiva gerada para a elaboração da prestação de contas.
COMPETITIVIDADE DE MERCADO, HEDGE E HEDGE ACCOUNTING: UM ESTUDO SOB A ÓTICA CONTINGENCIAL
Authors: Moura Geovanne Dias de , Klann Roberto Carlos
Published: June 2017

O estudo objetivou analisar a relação existente entre competitividade de mercado, utilização e contabilização de hedge em empresas listadas na BM&FBovespa, sob a ótica da Teoria da Contingência. Para tal, realizou-se pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa em uma amostra composta por 182 companhias abertas participantes dos níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa, com dados obtidos por meio das notas explicativas, relatórios da administração e do banco de dados Economática, referentes ao ano de 2011. Os resultados revelaram a existência de oligopólios nos setores de materiais básicos, petróleo, gás e biocombustíveis, tecnologia da informação e utilidade pública e uma estrutura de alta competitividade nos setores de bens industriais, construção e transporte, consumo cíclico, consumo não cíclico e financeiro. Percebeu-se que aproximadamente 60% das companhias da amostra possuíam no mínimo um tipo de hedge, sendo que 70 dentre as 182 analisadas possuíam hedge de fluxo de caixa, 62 hedge de valor justo e apenas 11 possuíam hedge de investimento líquido no exterior. Verificou-se ainda que apenas 36, ou seja, aproximadamente 20% dessas empresas utilizavam a metodologia de hedge accounting, sendo que os setores econômicos de bens industriais e de materiais básicos se destacaram, assim como se destacaram também pela utilização de hedge. Por fim, os resultados evidenciaram relação estatisticamente significativa entre competitividade e uso do hedge e uma relação não significativa entre competitividade e hedge accounting. Assim, concluiu-se que a competitividade pode ser considerada um fator contingencial que influencia na utilização de hedge, mas, não pode ser considerada um fator contingencial que influencia à contabilidade de hedge.
Portal da Transparência do Senado Federal: Funcionalidades, Limitações e Propostas para Aprimoramento
Authors: Guthiá Moraes Marina , Platt Neto Orion Augusto
Published: June 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar as funcionalidades e limitações do Portal da Transparência do Senado Federal (PTSF) com vistas a propor aprimoramentos. Quanto aos objetivos, esta pesquisa é classificada como descritiva, com abordagem do problema do tipo qualitativa. Quanto aos procedimentos, utilizou-se a pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. O instrumento empregado foi a documentação. Foi adotada a Abordagem Sistemática para Avaliação dos Portais de Transparência (ASAPoT), que está organizada em três etapas. A pesquisa apresentou a descrição que abrangeu as suas seções e funcionalidades, bem como a forma e conteúdos (dados e informações) divulgados. Após a identificação de doze funcionalidades, verificou-se a existência de vinte e duas limitações no Portal. Com vistas a eliminar as limitações encontradas e complementar as funcionalidades observadas, são apresentadas vinte e oito propostas para aprimoramento.
FATORES DETERMINANTES DA ESCOLHA DO CURSO DE CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DAS TEORIAS DA MOTIVAÇÃO
Authors: Marques Vagner Antônio , Silva Cássia Espírito Santo , Salviano Roanjali Auxiliadora G.
Published: June 2017

O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar e analisar os fatores determinantes da escolha pelo curso de Ciências Contábeis na perspectiva dos estudantes de uma das maiores universidades privadas do país. O estudo de natureza descritiva, survey e quantitativo analisou dados de 252 questionários aplicados no período de agosto a outubro de 2015. Como estratégia de pesquisa utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e os testes de diferenças entre as médias e de proporção. Os resultados evidenciaram que os fatores mais relevantes para a escolha foram: (1) possibilidade de atuar em diversas áreas, (2) imagem e reputação da instituição, (3) curso que evolui com o mercado, (4) profissão que proporciona autonomia de atuação, (5) amplia a cultura e desenvolvimento geral e (6) profissão que possui grande oferta de emprego. Os fatores com menor relevância para o processo decisório de escolha pelo curso de Ciências Contábeis foram: (1) obtenção de custeio pela empresa onde trabalha/trabalhou, (2) influência da empresa onde trabalha/trabalhou, (3) administrar empresa da família e (4) tradição familiar. Os testes de diferenças entre as médias confirmaram a homogeneidade entre os grupos para 16 das 50 questões levantadas, além disso, as diferenças observadas ocorreram em períodos específicos e não de forma consistente, reforçando um padrão de respostas observados na amostra estudado. O estudo contribui com a literatura e com os gestores de cursos e instituições de ensino na área de contabilidade, pois evidenciou os fatores mais (menos) importantes na escolha pelo curso de Ciências Contábeis.
INFLUÊNCIA DOS INDICADORES CONTÁBEIS NA PREVISÃO DE INSOLVÊNCIA DAS EMPRESAS
Authors: Scherer Weiss Leila Aparecida , Fabriz Sergio Moacir , Dall'Asta Denis , Johann Jerry Adriani
Published: June 2017

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar quais os indicadores contábeis mais relevantes para o processo de projeção e previsão da insolvência das empresas de capital aberto do setor de telecomunicações. Para tal, delineou-se a pesquisa como sendo quantitativa e descritiva, sendo utilizadas informações contábeis das empresas, de uma amostra de cinco empresas, compreendendo um período de 2010 a 2014. Como resultado identificou-se que as variáveis de rentabilidade, possuem uma relação significativa com o índice de insolvência das empresas, já com relação as variáveis de liquidez possuem alta correlação com o fator de solvência de uma entidade. Os indicadores de endividamento apontam uma correlação negativa, permitindo afirmar que este indicador impacta de forma negativa no grau de solvência das organizações. As variáveis patrimoniais demonstram uma correlação moderada com o fator de insolvência.
Violações de pressupostos no CAPM: problema?
Authors: Bortoluzzo Maurício Mesquita
Published: June 2017

O presente estudo tem a finalidade de estudar se há violações de pressupostos do modelo econométrico de regressão usualmente empregado no ambiente profissional e acadêmico para estimação dos betas de ativos e de carteiras de ativos de risco no Brasil. Avaliam-se os potenciais problemas práticos destas violações. Utilizando o modelo de regressão de séries temporais para 12 carteiras diversificadas com ativos da BM&FBOVESPA no período compreendido entre 2001 e 2013, verifica-se violações das suposições de normalidade dos erros, homocedasticidade e ausência de autocorrelação. A presença de autocorrelação leva a alterações de até 10,6 pontos percentuais no p-valor dos coeficientes, o que poderia levar um pesquisador a encontrar significância estatística em um coeficiente do modelo quando na verdade ele é estatisticamente igual a zero. Outras violações geram mudanças marginais nas significâncias não apresentando potencial problema prático para os usuários do modelo.
Para uma História da Fotografia Portuguesa entre 1939 e 1970: esboço de uma contextualização
Authors: Tavares Emília
Published: June 2017

No período da ditadura auto-designada como Estado Novo, a afirmação política e o controlo apertado de informação contribuíram para uma estagnação cultural, levando sobretudo à aposta em grandes exposições que reforçam a propaganda do regime. Muitos artistas construíram a sua internacionalização à custa de emigrarem para fora do país, como Vieira da Silva ou Paula Rego. Neste texto, procura-se contextualizar a produção fotográfica deste período, focando-se no confronto entre as iniciativas estatais e os percursos que certos fotógrafos construíram à revelia desta conjuntura.
Ver, espreitar, contemplar — para uma psicanálise da estereoscopia
Authors: Medeiros Margarida
Published: June 2017

Esta breve reflexão sobre a fotografia estereoscópica procurar relacionar a sua intensa produção e consumo nas décadas subsequentes à sua industrialização na segunda metade do século XIX com as condições psico-culturais do sujeito observador/ consumidor, partindo de conceitos da psicanálise como «fetichismo» e «escopofilia». Assim, à hipótese de Crary, que diferencia a estereoscopia da fotografia pelas suas propriedades de regulação e disciplina do sujeito, e que distingue de uma vocação mais objectiva e realista da fotografia, acrescentaremos uma abordagem que privilegia a compreensão do desejo que lhe subjaz para além do potencial de regulação.
A semiótica da imagem fotográfica digital em preto e branco
Authors: Augusto Gilucci , Toutain Lídia Brandão
Published: June 2017

A representação é constituída de dois mecanismos: um visual e outro mental. Por isso, o sentido só se produz quando concerne a experiência do indivíduo. Esse panorama teórico se articula em três tempos, são eles: 1) a fotografia como espelho do real, 2) a fotografia como transformação do real e 3) a fotografia como traço de um real. Toma-se a semiótica de Peirce, para analisar e discutir a fotografia em preto e branco, enquanto símbolo, no contexto do que Vilém Flusser em Filosofia da Caixa Preta, chama “sociedade informática” e pós-industrial. Não se pode negar o efeito simbólico das imagens, no que tange a capacidade de produzir diversos tipos de interpretantes, conceituais ou abstratos. A imagem fotográfica em preto e branco, parece direcionar a mente de forma mais ágil, para a produção de interpretantes mais conceituais.
Chromatin accessibility and guide sequence secondary structure affect CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing efficiency
Authors: Jensen Kristopher Torp , Fløe Lasse , Petersen Trine Skov , Huang Jinrong , Xu Fengping , Bolund Lars , Luo Yonglun , Lin Lin
Published: June 2017

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)‐associated protein 9 (CRISPR‐Cas9) systems have emerged as the method of choice for genome editing, but large variations in on‐target efficiencies continue to limit their applicability. Here, we investigate the effect of chromatin accessibility on Cas9‐mediated gene editing efficiency for 20 gRNAs targeting 10 genomic loci in HEK293T cells using both SpCas9 and the eSpCas9(1.1) variant. Our study indicates that gene editing is more efficient in euchromatin than in heterochromatin, and we validate this finding in HeLa cells and in human fibroblasts. Furthermore, we investigate the gRNA sequence determinants of CRISPR‐Cas9 activity using a surrogate reporter system and find that the efficiency of Cas9‐mediated gene editing is dependent on guide sequence secondary structure formation. This knowledge can aid in the further improvement of tools for gRNA design.
Lithospheric structure of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau from Rayleigh wave tomography
Authors: Fu Yuanyuan V. , Gao Yuan , Li Aibing , Li Lun , Chen Anguo
Published: June 2017

Lithospheric shear wave velocity beneath the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is obtained from Rayleigh wave tomography using earthquake data recorded by the temporary ChinArray and permanent China Digital Seismic Array. Fundamental mode Rayleigh wave phase velocities at periods of 20–100 s are determined and used to construct the 3‐D shear wave velocity model. Low‐velocity anomalies appear along or close to the major faults in the middle crust and become a broad zone in the lower crust, suggesting block extrusion in the shallow crust and diffuse deformation in the lower crust, both of which play important roles in accommodating the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. A vertical low‐velocity column beneath the Tengchong Volcano is observed, which could be caused by upwelling of warm mantle due to the lithosphere extension in the Thailand rift basin to the south or by fluid‐induced partial melting due to the subduction of the Burma slab. The western Yangtze Craton is characterized by low velocity in the crust and uppermost mantle above the fast mantle lithosphere, indicating possible thermal erosion at the western craton edge resulted from the extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau. A low‐velocity zone is imaged at the depths of 70–150 km beneath the eastern part of the Yangtze Craton, which could be caused by small‐scale mantle convection associated with the subduction of the Burma microplate and/or the opening of the South China Sea.
The net energy budget at the ocean‐atmosphere interface of the “Cold Tongue” region
Authors: Pinker Rachel T. , Bentamy Abderrahim , Zhang Banglin , Chen Wen , Ma Yingtao
Published: June 2017

Pacific “Cold Tongue” (PCT) sea surface temperature (SST) experiences significant (>0.5°C) interannual variations forced by the El‐Nino Southern Oscillations (ENSO) with global impacts on the Earth climate. In this study, we estimate the PCT net heat budget known to be difficult to derive using numerical models. The main goal is to determine how accurately the net heat flux across the surface/atmosphere interface can currently be determined primarily, from satellite observations; these are first evaluated against the nearest available observations inside and outside the PCT of the Tropical Pacific Ocean, using buoy arrays such as the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean/Triangle Trans‐Ocean Buoy Network (TAO/TRITON). It was found that the satellite‐based estimates of both turbulent and radiative fluxes are in better agreement with the observations than similar estimates from leading numerical models. The monthly mean satellite estimates of PCT SW↓ during January/July 2009 were 273.07/170.14, for LW↓, latent heat and sensible heat they were 378.79/365.54, 95.52/130.31, 9.89/20.67, respectively (all in W/m2). The estimated standard deviations for PCT SW↓ were in the range of 7.2–7.8% of the mean and in the range of 2.0–2.5% for LW↓, at daily time scale. Satellite estimates of both PCT LHF and SHF exhibit much higher variability, characterized by standard deviations of 50% from the mean values.
The surface roughness of Mercury from the Mercury Laser Altimeter: Investigating the effects of volcanism, tectonism, and impact cratering
Authors: Susorney H. C. M. , Barnouin O. S. , Ernst C. M. , Byrne P. K.
Published: June 2017

Surface roughness is a statistical measure of change in surface height over a given spatial horizontal scale after the effect of broad‐scale slope has been removed and can be used to understand how geologic processes produce and modify a planet's topographic character at different scales. The statistical measure of surface roughness employed in this study of Mercury was the root‐mean‐square deviation and was calculated from 45 to 90°N at horizontal baselines of 0.5–250 km with detrended topographic data from individual Mercury Laser Altimeter tracks. As seen in previous studies, the surface roughness of Mercury has a bimodal spatial distribution, with the cratered terrain (dominated by the intercrater plains) possessing higher‐surface roughness than the smooth plains. The measured surface roughness for both geologic units is controlled by a trade‐off between impact craters generating higher‐surface roughness values and flood‐mode volcanism decreasing surface roughness. The topography of the two terrain types has self‐affine‐like behavior at baselines from 0.5 to 1.5 km; the smooth plains collectively have a Hurst exponent of 0.88 ± 0.01, whereas the cratered terrains have a Hurst exponent of 0.95 ± 0.01. Subtle variations in the surface roughness of the smooth plains can be attributed to differences in regional differences in the spatial density of tectonic landforms. The northern rise, a 1000 km wide region of elevated topography centered at 65°N, 40°E, is not distinguishable in surface roughness measurements over baselines of 0.5–250 km.
An experimental study of CO2‐oil‐brine‐rock interaction under in situ reservoir conditions
Authors: Yu Zhichao , Liu Keyu , Liu Li , Yang Siyu , Yang Yongzhi
Published: June 2017

To understand the mineralogical and chemical changes in oil‐bearing reservoirs (e.g., depleted oil reservoirs) during massive CO2 injection, we have carried out a core‐flooding experimental study of CO2‐oil‐brine‐rock interactions under a simulated reservoir condition of 100°C and 24 MPa. The experimental condition is based on field data from a CO2‐EOR project in the southern Songliao Basin. This oil‐bearing CO2‐flooding experiment used the same experimental setup, reservoir conditions, and workflow as the oil‐free experiment reported by Yu et al. (). The sandstone core samples used in the experiment have similar mineralogical compositions as that used in the previous experiment. Compared with the oil‐free experiment, the presence of oil appears to substantially reduce the reaction degree between the CO2 fluid and some sensitive minerals. The dissolution rates of the K‐feldspar and carbonate minerals for the oil‐bearing experiment are 1/5 and 1/4 of that for the oil‐free experiments, respectively. For the silicate minerals represented by the K‐feldspar, the presence of oil mainly delays the dissolution during the experiment, and reduces the equilibrium dissolution rate. For the carbonate minerals, the presence of oil appears to primarily affect the dissolution at the beginning of the experiments, and reduce the maximum dissolution rate attained. The core permeabilities for the oil‐free and oil‐bearing cases are both reduced after experiments. The reduction in permeability is probably due to the precipitation of fine siliceous mineral and clay particles released by the dissolution of the carbonate cement, which may clog some pore throats. The results provide some new insights on the fluid‐rock interaction during CO2 injection in depleted oil reservoirs or during CO2‐EOR.
Evaluating stratiform cloud base charge remotely
Authors: Harrison R. Giles , Nicoll Keri A. , Aplin Karen L.
Published: June 2017

Stratiform clouds acquire charge at their upper and lower horizontal boundaries due to vertical current flow in the global electric circuit. Cloud charge is expected to influence microphysical processes, but understanding is restricted by the infrequent in situ measurements available. For stratiform cloud bases below 1 km in altitude, the cloud base charge modifies the surface electric field beneath, allowing a new method of remote determination. Combining continuous cloud height data during 2015–2016 from a laser ceilometer with electric field mill data, cloud base charge is derived using a horizontal charged disk model. The median daily cloud base charge density found was −0.86 nC m−2 from 43 days' data. This is consistent with a uniformly charged region ~40 m thick at the cloud base, now confirming that negative cloud base charge is a common feature of terrestrial layer clouds. This technique can also be applied to planetary atmospheres and volcanic plumes.
New paleomagnetic constraints on middle Miocene strike‐slip faulting along the middle Altyn Tagh Fault
Authors: Li Bingshuai , Yan Maodu , Zhang Weilin , Fang Xiaomin , Meng Qingquan , Zan Jinbo , Chen Yi , Zhang Dawen , Yang Yongpeng , Guan Chong
Published: June 2017

Knowledge of the evolution of the Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) has significant implications for our understanding of the tectonic deformation of the Tibetan Plateau. Controversy exists regarding the formation of the orocline‐like arcuate structures or curved thrust faults south of the ATF. In this paper, we conducted a paleomagnetic rotation study of the Akatengnengshan (AK) and Youshashan (YSS) anticlines to determine whether the changes in the anticlines' axes were caused by frictional drag associated with sinistral strike‐slip faulting along the ATF. No significant paleomagnetic rotations during the last 20 Ma were observed at the Xichagou and Laomangai localities, which are situated along the YSS anticline, whereas significant counterclockwise (CCW) rotations of ~50° that occurred between ~16.2 and 11.1 Ma were noted at the Yitunbulake locality, which lies along the western edge of the AK anticline. This amount of CCW rotation is consistent with the difference in axes between the AK and YSS anticlines. Combined with other geological evidence, we believe that the middle ATF was active between ~16 and 11 Ma. Frictional drag associated with sinistral strike‐slip motion likely resulted in the ~50° CCW rotation of the AK anticline, which was originally straight or parallel to the YSS anticline. There was concentrated or insignificant strike‐slip faulting along the middle ATF before ~16 Ma, but rapid and distributed (< 40 km) strike‐slip faulting occurred between ~16 and 11 Ma at a rate of ≥10 mm/yr, and the minimum displacement was ~50 km.
APXS‐derived chemistry of the Bagnold dune sands: Comparisons with Gale Crater soils and the global Martian average
Authors: O'Connell‐Cooper C. D. , Spray J. G. , Thompson L. M. , Gellert R. , Berger J. A. , Boyd N. I. , Desouza E. D. , Perrett G. M. , Schmidt M. , VanBommel S. J.
Published: June 2017

We present Alpha‐Particle X‐ray Spectrometer (APXS) data for the active Bagnold dune field within the Gale impact crater (Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission). We derive an APXS‐based average basaltic soil (ABS) composition for Mars based on past and recent data from the MSL and Mars Exploration Rover (MER) missions. This represents an update to the Taylor and McLennan (2009) average Martian soil and facilitates comparison across Martian data sets. The active Bagnold dune field is compositionally distinct from the ABS, with elevated Mg, Ni, and Fe, suggesting mafic mineral enrichment and uniformly low levels of S, Cl, and Zn, indicating only a minimal dust component. A relationship between decreasing grain size and increasing felsic content is revealed. The Bagnold sands possess the lowest S/Cl of all Martian unconsolidated materials. Gale soils exhibit relatively uniform major element compositions, similar to Meridiani Planum and Gusev Crater basaltic soils (MER missions). However, they show minor enrichments in K, Cr, Mn, and Fe, which may signify a local contribution. The lithified eolian Stimson Formation within the Gale impact crater is compositionally similar to the ABS and Bagnold sands, which provide a modern analogue for these ancient eolian deposits. Compilation of APXS‐derived soil data reveals a generally homogenous global composition for Martian soils but one that can be locally modified due to past or extant geologic processes that are limited in both space and time.
Elastomeric Fibrous Hybrid Scaffold Supports In Vitro and In Vivo Tissue Formation
Authors: Masoumi Nafiseh , Copper Dane , Chen Peter , Cubberley Alexander , Guo Kai , Lin Ruei‐Zeng , Ahmed Bayoumi , Martin David , Aikawa Elena , Melero‐Martin Juan , Mayer John
Published: June 2017

Biomimetic materials with biomechanical properties resembling those of native tissues while providing an environment for cell growth and tissue formation, are vital for tissue engineering (TE). Mechanical anisotropy is an important property of native cardiovascular tissues and directly influences tissue function. This study reports fabrication of anisotropic cell‐seeded constructs while retaining control over the construct's architecture and distribution of cells. Newly synthesized poly‐4‐hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) is fabricated with a dry spinning technique to create anelastomeric fibrous scaffold that allows control of fiber diameter, porosity, and rate ofdegradation. To allow cell and tissue ingrowth, hybrid scaffolds with mesenchymalstem cells (MSCs) encapsulated in a photocrosslinkable hydrogel were developed. Culturing the cellularized scaffolds in a cyclic stretch/flexure bioreactor resulted in tissue formation and confirmed the scaffold's performance under mechanical stimulation. In vivo experiments showed that the hybrid scaffold is capable of withstanding physiological pressures when implanted as a patch in the pulmonary artery. Aligned tissue formation occurred on the scaffold luminal surface without macroscopic thrombus formation. This combination of a novel, anisotropic fibrous scaffold and a tunable native‐like hydrogel for cellular encapsulation promoted formation of 3D tissue and provides a biologically functional composite scaffold for soft‐tissue engineering applications.
Endeavor of Iontronics: From Fundamentals to Applications of Ion‐Controlled Electronics
Authors: Bisri Satria Zulkarnaen , Shimizu Sunao , Nakano Masaki , Iwasa Yoshihiro
Published: June 2017

Iontronics is a newly emerging interdisciplinary concept which bridges electronics and ionics, covering electrochemistry, solid‐state physics, electronic engineering, and biological sciences. The recent developments of electronic devices are highlighted, based on electric double layers formed at the interface between ionic conductors (but electronically insulators) and various electronic conductors including organics and inorganics (oxides, chalcogenide, and carbon‐based materials). Particular attention is devoted to electric‐double‐layer transistors (EDLTs), which are producing a significant impact, particularly in electrical control of phase transitions, including superconductivity, which has been difficult or impossible in conventional all‐solid‐state electronic devices. Besides that, the current state of the art and the future challenges of iontronics are also reviewed for many applications, including flexible electronics, healthcare‐related devices, and energy harvesting.
Stimuli‐Responsive, Shape‐Transforming Nanostructured Particles
Authors: Lee Junhyuk , Ku Kang Hee , Kim Mingoo , Shin Jae Man , Han Junghun , Park Chan Ho , Yi Gi‐Ra , Jang Se Gyu , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: June 2017

Development of particles that change shape in response to external stimuli has been a long‐thought goal for producing bioinspired, smart materials. Herein, the temperature‐driven transformation of the shape and morphology of polymer particles composed of polystyrene‐b‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) block copolymers (BCPs) and temperature‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) surfactants is reported. PNIPAM acts as a temperature‐responsive surfactant with two important roles. First, PNIPAM stabilizes oil‐in‐water droplets as a P4VP‐selective surfactant, creating a nearly neutral interface between the PS and P4VP domains together with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, a PS‐selective surfactant, to form anisotropic PS‐b‐P4VP particles (i.e., convex lenses and ellipsoids). More importantly, the temperature‐directed positioning of PNIPAM depending on its solubility determines the overall particle shape. Ellipsoidal particles are produced above the critical temperature, whereas convex lens‐shaped particles are obtained below the critical temperature. Interestingly, given that the temperature at which particle shape change occurs depends solely on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer surfactants, facile tuning of the transition temperature is realized by employing other PNIPAM derivatives with different LCSTs. Furthermore, reversible transformations between different shapes of PS‐b‐P4VP particles are successfully demonstrated using a solvent‐adsorption annealing with chloroform, suggesting great promise of these particles for sensing, smart coating, and drug delivery applications.
Dendrimeric DNA Nanostructures as Scaffolds for Efficient Bidirectional BRET–FRET Cascades
Authors: Brown Carl W. , Samanta Anirban , Díaz Sebastián A. , Buckhout‐White Susan , Walper Scott A. , Goldman Ellen R. , Medintz Igor L.
Published: June 2017

DNA scaffolds offer advantages for biomolecular devices capable of generating and controlling energy flow. Through attachment of the bioluminescent protein luciferase and precise positioning of organic fluorophores, these structures form efficient self‐illuminating energy transfer cascades. Luciferase initiates a bioluminescent resonance energy transfer step, which is then propagated by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) through the rest of the structure. Two related DNA dendrimeric nanostructures are investigated; the first funnels energy inward toward the center, while the second radiates it outward. When attached to the DNA dendrimer, luciferase bioluminescence is harnessed by an initial AlexaFluor 488 dye and transferred via a series of FRET steps through Cy3, Cy3.5, and Cy5 dyes – to a terminal Cy5.5 acceptor. In the inward funneling construct, the luciferase is displayed on the dendrimer periphery and uses two donor fluorophores for each subsequent acceptor. The outward funneling construct anchors luciferase at the core and energies of successive donor fluorophores are captured by two acceptor dyes. The inward configuration yields end‐to‐end and anywhere‐to‐end efficiencies of 16% and 25%, respectively, while the outward configuration approaches 25% and 50%, respectively. The performance of each construct is detailed and potential applications of these self‐illuminating biophotonic assemblies are discussed.
High‐Performance Nonvolatile Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Memory Based on Organic Semiconductor Heterostructures of Pentacene/P13/Pentacene as Both Charge Transport and Trapping Layers
Authors: Li Wen , Guo Fengning , Ling Haifeng , Zhang Peng , Yi Mingdong , Wang Laiyuan , Wu Dequn , Xie Linghai , Huang Wei
Published: June 2017

Nonvolatile organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) memory devices based on pentacene/N,N′‐ditridecylperylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic diimide (P13)/pentacene trilayer organic heterostructures have been proposed. The discontinuous n‐type P13 embedded in p‐type pentacene layers can not only provide electrons in the semiconductor layer that facilitates electron trapping process; it also works as charge trapping sites, which is attributed to the quantum well‐like pentacene/P13/pentacene organic heterostructures. The synergistic effects of charge trapping in the discontinuous P13 and the charge‐trapping property of the poly(4‐vinylphenol) (PVP) layer remarkably improve the memory performance. In addition, the trilayer organic heterostructures have also been successfully applied to multilevel and flexible nonvolatile memory devices. The results provide a novel design strategy to achieve high‐performance nonvolatile OFET memory devices and allow potential applications for different combinations of various organic semiconductor materials in OFET memory.
Mixed‐Mode Electro‐Optical Operation of Ge2Sb2Te5 Nanoscale Crossbar Devices
Authors: Rodriguez‐Hernandez Gerardo , Hosseini Peiman , Ríos Carlos , Wright C. David , Bhaskaran Harish
Published: June 2017

The use of phase‐change materials for a range of exciting new optoelectronic applications from artificial retinas to ultrahigh‐resolution displays requires a thorough understanding of how these materials perform under a combination of optical and electrical stimuli. This study reports for the first time the complex link between the electronic and optical properties in real‐world crossbar nanoscale devices constructed by confining a thin layer of Ge2Sb2Te5 between transparent indium tin oxide electrodes, forming an optical nanocavity. A novel proof‐of‐concept device that can be operated by a combination of optical and electrical stimuli is presented, leading the way for the development of further applications based on mixed‐mode electro‐optical operation.
Predicting phase behavior in aqueous systems without fitting binary parameters II: Gases and non‐aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Polishuk Ilya , Lubarsky Helena , NguyenHuynh Dong
Published: June 2017

This investigation continues a series of studies evaluating the capability of the recently proposed CP‐PC‐SAFT and sPC‐SAFT of Liang et al. to estimate the thermodynamic properties of aqueous systems in the entirely predictive manner. Similarly to the previously considered systems, CP‐PC‐SAFT remains a realistic estimator of the available data on critical loci, high pressure‐high temperature phase equilibria and volumetric properties also in the cases of non‐polar gases and non‐aromatic hydrocarbons from argon and nitrogen till n‐eicosane and squalene while keeping zero values of binary parameters. Nevertheless, such application of the model poses certain unavoidable compromises on its accuracy. Inter alia, CP‐PC‐SAFT is a particularly inaccurate estimator of the water‐rich liquid phases away from the critical points. sPC‐SAFT predicts these data in a more reliable manner. Moreover, its predictive capability goes beyond the liquid phases and it exhibits a remarkable accuracy in forecasting various phase equilibria below the critical point of water. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2017
A molecular‐thermodynamic approach to predict the micellization of binary surfactant mixtures containing amino sulfonate amphoteric surfactant and nonionic surfactant
Authors: Ren Zhao Hua
Published: June 2017

A molecular‐thermodynamic approach was adopted to predict the value of mixed critical micelle concentration (cmc) for the binary surfactant mixtures constituted by an amino sulfonate amphoteric surfactant, sodium 3‐(N‐dodecyl ethylenediamino)‐2‐hydropropyl sulfonate (abbr. C12AS), and a nonionic surfactant, octylphenol polyethylene ether (OP‐n, where n denotes the average number of oxyethylene glycol ether). In this investigation, considering two positive charges on the hydrophilic group of C12AS, which is unlike to conventional zwitterionic surfactants having one positive charge (such as, alkylbetaine, etc.), three schemes were designed to obtain the geometric parameter describing the dipole structure of C12AS. According to the selected optimum scheme, four cases corresponding to the different conformations of both the headgroup and the hydrocarbon chain of surfactant were discussed. The results show that the predicted value of mixed cmc for the C12AS/OP‐n mixtures agrees well with the experiment value. The deviation of the predicted value from the experimental value can be explained by the effect of the hydrophilicity of OP‐n on the process of micellization. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2017
Analysis of the effect of small amounts of liquid on gas–solid fluidization using CFD‐DEM simulations
Authors: Boyce C. M. , Ozel A. , Kolehmainen J. , Sundaresan S.
Published: June 2017

Gas–solid fluidization involving small amounts of liquid is simulated using a CFD‐DEM model. The model tracks the amount of liquid on each particle and wall element and incorporates finite rates of liquid transfer between particles and pendular liquid bridges which form between two particles as well as between a particle and a wall element. Viscous and capillary forces due to these bridges are modeled. Fluidization–defluidization curves show that minimum fluidization velocity and defluidized bed height increase with Bond number (Bo), the ratio of surface tension to gravitational forces, due to cohesion and inhomogeneous flow structures. Under fluidized conditions, hydrodynamics and liquid bridging behavior change dramatically with increasing Bo, and to a lesser extent with capillary number, the ratio of viscous to surface tension forces. Bed fluidity is kept relatively constant across wetting conditions when one maintains a constant ratio of superficial velocity to minimum fluidization velocity under wet conditions. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 5290–5302, 2017
Heat assisted twin screw dry granulation
Authors: Liu Y. , Thompson M. R. , O'Donnell K. P. , Ali S.
Published: June 2017

A new “assisted” dry granulation method has been devised for the twin‐screw granulator. The method may be beneficial to drug preparation as it limits heat exposure to only one barrel zone, much shorter than melt granulation. Its mechanism was investigated using four placebo formulations, each containing a polymer binder with a glass transition temperature lower than 130°C. Variables of study included screw configuration, screw speed, barrel zone temperature, and moisture content. Granulated samples were characterized for size and porosity while feed powders were examined for their thermal transitions, interparticle friction, cohesion, and sintering rate. Results indicated that granule coalescence relied on melting of polymer binder in the kneading blocks by a combination of heat conducted from barrel and generated from screw speed friction. Successful granulation was possible with minimal addition of water, although varying the moisture content showed the relevance of the polymer's glass transition temperature and sintering progress. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2017
Challenges in educating patients and parents about differences in sex development
Authors: McCauley Elizabeth
Published: June 2017

This article reviews practical approaches to talking with parents and youth about Differences in Sex Development (DSD) which are conditions that affect chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomic sexual development, one of the most personal, and in our society, private areas of life. Talking with parents and patients about these conditions can be challenging given the complexity of sexual development and the sensitive nature of the information being shared. Changing approaches to disclosing or communicating information about conditions, such as DSD are reviewed as well as factors leading to revision in the diagnostic nomenclature. Building on these developments, strategies used by an established DSD team to enhance shared decision making and partnership with families and patients are presented followed by examples of how some particularly challenging, but not uncommon clinical situations were approached. The paper concludes by endorsing the importance of understanding the social and cultural needs and beliefs of the parents and patients with DSD to set the stage for effective disclosure of medical facts. To be most useful to parents and youth, medical disclosure needs to include discussion of practical implications and strategies to help families and patients digest, understand, and work with the information provided.
Dental evidence for wild tuber processing among Titicaca Basin foragers 7000 ybp
Authors: Watson James T. , Haas Randall
Published: June 2017

Objectives

The objective of this work is to characterize dental wear in a skeletal sample dating to the Middle/Late Archaic period transition (8,000‐6,700 cal. B.P.) from the Lake Titicaca Basin, Peru to better define subsistence behaviors of foragers prior to incipient sedentism and food production.

Materials and Methods

The dental sample consists of 251 teeth from 11 individuals recovered from the site of Soro Mik'aya Patjxa (SMP), the earliest securely dated burial assemblage in the Lake Titicaca Basin and the only burial assemblage in the region from an unequivocal forager context. Occlusal surface wear was quantified according to Smith (1984) and Scott (1979a) to characterize diversity within the site and to facilitate comparison with other foraging groups worldwide. General linear modeling was used to assess observation error and principal axis analysis was used to compare molar wear rates and angles. Teeth were also examined for caries and specialized wear.

Results

Occlusal surface attrition is generally heavy across the dental arcade and tends to be flat among posterior teeth. Only one carious lesion was observed. Five of the 11 individuals exhibit lingual surface attrition of the maxillary anterior teeth (LSAMAT).

Discussion

Tooth wear rates, molar wear plane, and caries rates are consistent with terrestrial foraging and a diverse diet. The presence of LSAMAT indicates tuber processing. The results therefore contribute critical new data toward our understanding of forager diet in the Altiplano prior to plant and animal domestication in the south‐central Andes.
Layer‐by‐Layer Motif Architectures: Programmed Electrochemical Syntheses of Multilayer Mesoporous Metallic Films with Uniformly Sized Pores
Authors: Jiang Bo , Li Cuiling , Qian Huayu , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Malgras Victor , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: June 2017

Although multilayer films have been extensively reported, most compositions have been limited to non‐catalytically active materials (e.g. polymers, proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids). Herein, we report the preparation of binder‐free multilayer metallic mesoporous films with sufficient accessibility for high electrocatalytic activity by using a programmed electrochemical strategy. By precisely tuning the deposition potential and duration, multilayer mesoporous architectures consisting of alternating mesoporous Pd layers and mesoporous PdPt layers with controlled layer thicknesses can be synthesized within a single electrolyte, containing polymeric micelles as soft templates. This novel architecture, combining the advantages of bimetallic alloys, multilayer architectures, and mesoporous structures, exhibits high electrocatalytic activity for both the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR).
Nitrogen–Carbon Bond Formation by Reactions of a Titanium–Potassium Dinitrogen Complex with Carbon Dioxide, tert‐Butyl Isocyanate, and Phenylallene
Authors: Nakanishi Yusuke , Ishida Yutaka , Kawaguchi Hiroyuki
Published: June 2017

Nitrogen–carbon bond‐forming reactions at coordinated dinitrogen in a bifunctional titanium–potassium system are reported. A titanium atrane complex with a tris(aryloxide)methyl ligand (1) was treated with two equivalents of potassium naphthalenide under N2 atmosphere to generate a bifunctional complex (2) in which N2 binds end‐on to two titanium centers and side‐on to three potassium cations. Dinitrogen complex 2 reacted with carbon dioxide, tert‐butyl isocyanate, and phenylallene, forming nitrogen–carbon bonds and affording diverse N‐functionalized products. The reaction of 2 with CO2 followed by addition of Me3SiCl resulted in the formation of the starting complex 1 with concomitant release of silylated carboxyl hydrazines while the reaction with two equivalents of tert‐butyl isocyanate proceeded by insertion into the Ti−N bonds. Treatment of 2 with phenylallene afforded vinyl‐substituted hydrazido complexes.
Oriented Two‐Dimensional Porous Organic Cage Crystals
Authors: Jiang Shan , Song Qilei , Massey Alan , Chong Samantha Y. , Chen Linjiang , Sun Shijing , Hasell Tom , Raval Rasmita , Sivaniah Easan , Cheetham Anthony K. , Cooper Andrew I.
Published: June 2017

The formation of two‐dimensional (2D) oriented porous organic cage crystals (consisting of imine‐based tetrahedral molecules) on various substrates (such as silicon wafers and glass) by solution‐processing is reported. Insight into the crystallinity, preferred orientation, and cage crystal growth was obtained by experimental and computational techniques. For the first time, structural defects in porous molecular materials were observed directly and the defect concentration could be correlated with crystal growth rate. These oriented crystals suggest potential for future applications, such as solution‐processable molecular crystalline 2D membranes for molecular separations.
Pancake Bond Orders of a Series of π‐Stacked Triangulene Radicals
Authors: Mou Zhongyu , Kertesz Miklos
Published: June 2017

Conjugated radicals are capable of forming π‐stacking “pancake‐bonded” dimers. Members of the family of triangulene hydrocarbons, non‐Kekulé neutral multiradicals, can utilize more than one singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) to form multiple pancake‐bonded dimers with formal bond orders of up to five. The resulting dimer binding energies can be quite high and the intermolecular contacts rather small compared to the respective van der Waals values. The preferred configurations are driven by the large stabilization energy of overlapping SOMOs.