bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prosthetic Joint Infection due to Actinomyces species: A case series and review of literature
Authors: Dagher Ramez , Riaz Talha , Tande Aaron J. , Osmon Douglas R. , Jagtiani Anil , Steckelberg James M. , Mabry Tad , Berbari Elie F.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Background:
Actinomyces prosthetic joint infections (APJIs) are rare and optimal medical and surgical treatment strategies are unknown. The purpose of our study was to characterize the demographics, risk factors, management and outcomes of patients with PJIs due to Actinomyces spp.Methods: Using a retrospective cohort study design, the medical records of all patients with Actinomyces spp. total hip or knee arthroplasty infection (APJI) seen at a single institution between January 1, 1969 and December 31, 2016 were reviewed. We abstracted information including patient demographics, co-morbidities, joint age, surgical history, microbiology, management and outcomes. A simultaneous literature search via PubMed was performed to identify cases of APJI published in literature and a descriptive analysis was performed.Results: Eleven cases were identified over a 47 year study period at our institution. Seven patients (64%) were female. The median age at the time of diagnosis of infection was 71 years (range, 57-89). The knee was involved in six cases (55%) followed by the hip in 5 (45 %) cases. Three cases had dentures, broken teeth, or poor dentition. Actinomyces odonotlyticus was the most commonly found subspecies at our institution. Median ESR and CRP values were 61mm/hr and 64 mg/L respectively. Eight (72%) patients were managed with 2 stage exchange. Most patients received a course of beta-lactam therapy for 6 weeks. Ten cases (91%) were free of failure after a median duration of follow-up of 2 years (range, 0.67 - 5 years). The median duration from joint arthroplasty to the onset of symptoms was 162 days, range (20-3318). Six (54%) had a history of prior PJI with a different microorganism at the same joint site and 4 patients had history of prior 2 stage exchange (36%). In the literature group, we identified 12 cases and the most common subspecies was Actinomyces israelii; most patients underwent two stage exchange and were treated with 6 weeks of beta lactam antibiotics.Conclusions: Based on our observational study, Actinomyces PJI presents as a late complication of TJR, may be associated with prior PJI at the index joint and antecedent dental manipulation may portend as an additional risk factor. Treatment includes two stage exchange and beta- lactam therapy for 6weeks. These results will help clinicians in improved understanding and management of APJIs which although are rare but warrant special attention as population with implanted joint arthroplasties continues to rise.
Region-specific myelin differences define behavioral consequences of chronic social defeat stress in mice
Authors: Bonnefil Valentina , Dietz Karen , Amatruda Mario , Wentling Maureen , Aubry Antonio V , Dupree Jeffrey L , Temple Gary , Park Hye-Jin , Burghardt Nesha S , Casaccia Patrizia , Liu Jia
Published: August 2019

Exposure to stress increases the risk of developing mood disorders. While a subset of individuals displays vulnerability to stress, others remain resilient, but the molecular basis for these behavioral differences is not well understood. Using a model of chronic social defeat stress, we identified region-specific differences in myelination between mice that displayed social avoidance behavior (‘susceptible’) and those who escaped the deleterious effect to stress (‘resilient’). Myelin protein content in the nucleus accumbens was reduced in all mice exposed to stress, whereas decreased myelin thickness and internodal length were detected only in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of susceptible mice, with fewer mature oligodendrocytes and decreased heterochromatic histone marks. Focal demyelination in the mPFC was sufficient to decrease social preference, which was restored following new myelin formation. Together these data highlight the functional role of mPFC myelination as critical determinant of the avoidance response to traumatic social experiences.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Learning from ancestors
Authors: Hong Suk ho , Shah Neel H
Published: August 2019

Predicting ancestral sequences of protein kinases reveals the molecular details that underlie different modes of activation.
Vulnerability of small-scale fishers to benzene exposure and the current knowledge gap on benzene-exposure in Brazilian fishers
Authors: Hauser-Davis Rachel Ann
Published: August 2019

Fishers are a particularly vulnerable population, chronically exposed to many stresses, injuries and health conditions directly linked to their fishing activities. This includes benzene exposure through gasoline and diesel exhaust fumes. Benzene is a known carcinogen, and has been assessed in many worker groups, but reports on fisher benzene exposure are extremely scarce in the literature. This paper discusses benzene exposure in small-scale fishers and reflects on the current knowledge gap on benzene-exposure in Brazilian fishers.
Evaluation of Performance of Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine and Probabilistic Neural Network Classifiers in a Mobile Based Diabetes Retinopathy Detection System
Authors: Fenwa O. D. , Alo O. O. , Omotoso I. O.
Published: August 2019

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a medical condition where the retina is damaged because fluid leaks from blood vessels into the retina. Ophthalmologists recognize diabetic retinopathy based on features, such as blood vessel area, exudes, hemorrhages, microaneurysms and texture.

Aim: The focus of this paper is to evaluate the performance of Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) Classifiers in Diabetes Retinopathy Detection.

Results: Corresponding results showed SVM has the best classification strength by achieving Recognition Accuracy (RA) of 98.50%, while PNN and DT achieved RA of 97.60% and 89.20% respectively. In terms of False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and False Rejection Rate (FRR), SVM has the least values of 7.21, 8.10 while DT and PNN showed 11.10, 9.30 and 13.21, 10.10 respectively. However, in this paper a Mobile based Diabetes Retinopathy Detection System was developed to make the system available for the masses for early detection of the disease.
Selective Alteration of the Root Morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana by Synthetic Anion Transporters (SATs)
Authors: B. Patel Mohit , C. Garrad Evan , Korb Steven , Negin Saeedeh , R. Gokel Michael , Sedinkin Sergey , Yin Shanheng , W. Gokel George
Published: August 2019

Aims: The aim of the study was to determine whether and to what extent any of a family of amphiphilic heptapeptide synthetic anion transporters (SATs) affected the growth or root morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Study Design:  A. thaliana plants were grown from seedlings in PNS media in the absence or presence of one of 21 SATs.

Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri – St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63121 U. S. A. The study was conducted 2017-2018.

Methodology: Twenty one compounds of the form R2N-COCH2YCH2CO-(Aaa)3Pro(Aaa)3-O(CH2)6CH3 were prepared and studied. The amino acids included Ala, Gly, and Ser. R was normal alkyl having 6, 10, 12, or 18 carbons. Y was methylene, oxygen, sulfur, or absent. The PNS media was infused with various concentrations of the SAT and 21 plants in each group were allowed to grow for 11 days. Overall plant growth and root morphology were visualized and/or measured and the results recorded.

Results: A comparison of primary root length and lateral root number revealed that the greatest alterations in lateral root densities were observed for peptide sequences of the type GGGPSGS, whether or not serine was protected by t-butyl. Differences were also observed for these peptide sequences according to the identity of Y in the ~COCH2YCH2CO~ chain.

Conclusion: The presence of serine’s oxygen atoms on the C-terminal side of the heptapeptide interact with Cl¯ leading to a change in ion concentrations and alterations in primary root lengths and lateral root densities.
Bacterial Resistance to Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective Review of Evidence
Authors: Paul Onah Otor , Abdulateef Siyaka
Published: August 2019

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a growing global healthcare challenge and efforts to contain it are being outpaced by rapid emergence of resistant microbes. Common environmental pathogens have been reported to be manifesting resistance to several antibiotics to which they were once sensitive. In hospital setting, close contact between patients and caregivers allow resistant strains to easily spread in hospital wards. Evidence of antibiotic resistance is needed to inform rational selection of drugs for infectious diseases.

Aim: The aims of this study were to determine common pathogenic bacterial isolates among patients and their antibiotic sensitivity profiles.

Methods: This was a cross sectional retrospective study using laboratory records of antibiotic resistance profiles of bacterial isolates obtained from patient medical samples. Antibiogram records for one year period were obtained and relevant data extracted for analysis

Results and Discussion: The most commonly isolated bacteria included Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae which together accounted for over two thirds of all isolates. Most of the isolates were resistant to at least four antibiotics; Penicillins, Sulphonamides and Tetracyclines exhibited the highest level of resistance. Resistance to these antibiotics is well reported in literature and their empirical prescription threatens their efficacy in the management of infectious diseases.

Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria was high, there is need to emphasize evidence based prescriptions to not only improve clinical outcomes but also to preserve the efficacy of current antibiotic stock.
Dilation of Time and Newton’s Absolute Time
Authors: Weber Stefan Von , Eye Alexander Von
Published: August 2019

The Cosmic Membrane theory states that the space in which the cosmic microwave background radiation has no dipole is identical with Newton’s absolute space. Light propagates in this space only. In contrast, in a moving inertial frame of reference light propagation is in-homogeneous, i.e. it depends on the direction. Therefore, the derivation of the dilation of time in the sense of Einstein’s special relativity theory, i.e., together with the derivation of the length contraction under the constraint of constant cross dimensions, loses its plausibility, and one has to search for new physical foundations of the relativistic contraction and dilation of time. The Cosmic Membrane theory states also that light paths remain always constant independent on the orientation and the speed of the moving inertial frame of reference. Effects arise by the dilation of time. We predict a long term effect of the Kennedy-Thorndike experiment, but we show also that this effect is undetectable with today’s means. The reason is that the line width of the light sources hides the effect. The use of lasers, cavities and Fabry-Pérot etalons do not change this. We propose a light clock of special construction that could indicate Newton’s absolute time t0 nearly precisely.
From and to the Golgi – defining the Wilson disease protein road map
Authors: Polishchuk Roman S. , Polishchuk Elena V.
Published: August 2019

Recent studies highlight the continued growth in the identification of a variety of cellular functions that involve the Golgi apparatus. Apart from well‐known membrane sorting/trafficking and glycosylation machineries, the Golgi harbors molecular platforms operating in intracellular signaling, cytoskeleton organization, and protein quality control mechanisms. One of new emerging Golgi functions consists in the regulation of copper homeostasis by coordinating the relocation and activity of copper transporters. Of these, the Cu‐transporting ATPase ATP7B (known as Wilson disease protein) plays a key role in the maintenance of the Cu balance in the body via the supply of essential Cu to the systemic circulation and via elimination of excess Cu into the bile. These activities require tightly regulated shuttling of ATP7B between the Golgi and different post‐Golgi compartments. Despite significant progress over recent years, a number of issues regarding ATP7B trafficking remain to be clarified. This review summarizes current views on ATP7B trafficking pathways from and to the Golgi and underscores the challenges that should be addressed to define the ATP7B trafficking routes and mechanisms in health and disease.
Robust adaptive divided difference filter based on forgetting factors and its applications
Authors: Xing Zirui , Xia Yuanqing , Wang Liansheng , Zhu Cui
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes robust and adaptive divided difference filters (RADDFs) based on forgetting factors which are robust to dynamic systems with biases or uncertainties. The RADDFs are founded on the principle of covariance matching. The robustness of RADDFs is reflected in that it amplifies the innovation covariance to compensate the effect of dynamic biases or uncertainties. The forgetting factor is adjusted adaptively. Then, the scalar forgetting factor is further extended to multiple forgetting factors. The proposed RADDFs are illustrated by Mars entry navigation system with atmospheric density uncertainty, lift over drag ratio uncertainty, and ballistic coefficient uncertainty. To validate the filter performance by multiple forgetting factors, a typical tight coupling nonlinear system with abrupt biases is used.
A Fluorographene‐Based Synaptic Transistor
Authors: Liu Bo , Hong Ming‐Chun , Sahoo Mamina , Ong Bin Leong , Tok Eng Soon , Di MengFu , Ho Yu‐Ping , Liang Hanyuan , Bow Jong‐Shing , Liu Zhiwei , Wang Jer‐Chyi , Hou Tuo‐Hung , Lai Chao‐Sung
Published: August 2019

Exploring brain‐inspired synaptic devices has recently become a new focus of research in nanoelectronic communities. In this emerging field, incorporating 2D materials into three‐terminal synaptic transistors has brought various advantages. However, achieving a stable and long‐term weight‐modulation in these synaptic transistors, which are typically based on interface charge storage, is still a challenge due to the nature of their spontaneous relaxation. The application of an atomically thin fluorographene layer into the synaptic junction region suppresses this issue and improves the efficiency, tunability, and symmetry of the synaptic plasticity as well as establishing a stable weight‐regulation paradigm. These unique properties can be attributed to the dipolar rotation of CF in fluorographene. To obtain a better physical understanding, a vacancy‐dependent CF dipolar rotation model is proposed and supported by hysteresis analysis and density functional theory calculations. As proposed and demonstrated, the unique fluorographene‐based synaptic transistor may be a promising building block for constructing efficient neuromorphic computing hardware.
Mattering at the Intersection of Psychology, Philosophy, and Politics
Authors: Prilleltensky Isaac
Published: August 2019

Mattering is an ideal state of affairs consisting of two complementary psychological experiences: feeling valued and adding value. Human beings can feel valued by, and add value to, self, others, work, and community. To make sure that the need for mattering is fulfilled, we must balance feeling valued with adding value. Moreover, we must balance adding value to self with adding value to others. Unfortunately, the dominant neoliberal philosophy does not support the values required to ensure the experience of mattering. Whereas a healthy and fair society would require equilibrium among values for personal, relational, and collective well‐being, the dominant philosophy in many parts of the world favors personal at the expense of relational and collective values. Neoliberal economic and social policies have resulted in diminished sense of mattering for millions of people. Some people respond to cultural pressures to achieve higher status by becoming depressive or aggressive. Some marginalized groups, in turn, support xenophobic, nationalistic, and populist policies in an effort to regain a sense of mattering. To make sure that everyone matters, we must align the psychology, philosophy, and politics of mattering. The political struggle for a just and equitable distribution of mattering takes place in social movements and the policy arena. The perils and promises of these efforts are considered.
AgNO3‐Catalysed Intramolecular Cyclization: Access to Functionalized Cyclopentanones and Spiro‐Cyclopentanones
Authors: Bhoite Shubhangi P. , Bansode Ajay H. , Burate Pralhad A. , Suryavanshi Gurunath
Published: August 2019

An efficient AgNO3‐catalysed method has been developed for the synthesis of functionalized cyclopentanones and spiro‐cyclopentanones through intramolecular cyclization between ynones and cyanoacrylate/aryl/alkylidene malononitrile using DBU as a base. Easy availability of starting materials and mild reaction conditions makes this protocol more feasible over previously reported methods. The functionalized cyclopentanones and spiro‐cyclopentanones were synthesized in good to excellent yields with a broad substrate scope.
Chemische Synthese an Oberflächen mit Präzision in atomarer Größenordnung: Beherrschung von Komplexität und Genauigkeit
Authors: Wang Can , Chi Lifeng , Ciesielski Artur , Samorì Paolo
Published: August 2019

Rastersondenmikroskopische (SPM‐)Verfahren sind leistungsfähige Hilfsmittel, um die Struktur und Dynamik von Molekülen an Oberflächen und Grenzflächen zu untersuchen sowie Atome und Moleküle durch äußere Krafteinwirkung, durch inelastisches Elektronentunneln oder durch ein elektrisches Feld präzise zu steuern. Die schnelle Entwicklung dieser SPM‐Manipulationsmodi ermöglichte es, eine Feinsteuerung der grundlegenden Prozesse in der Physik der Grenzflächen und der chemischen Reaktivität, darunter Adsorption, Diffusion, Bindungsbildung sowie ‐dissoziation, mit einer Präzision auf Einzelatom‐/Molekülebene zu erreichen. Ihre kontrollierte Anwendung zur Herstellung atomskaliger Strukturen und die Synthese neuer, auch außergewöhnlicher Moleküle mit programmierten Eigenschaften werden vorgestellt. Es werden die Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen bezüglich der Entwicklung komplexer chemischer Systeme diskutiert, indem mögliche zukünftige Auswirkungen auf die Nanowissenschaften und die industrielle Nanotechnologie analysiert werden.
Gas‐Phase Dehydrogenation of Alkanes: C−H Activation by a Graphene‐Supported Nickel Single‐Atom Catalyst Model
Authors: Borrome Michael , Gronert Scott
Published: August 2019

A gas‐phase anionic nickel(0) fluorenyl complex is shown to effect the dehydrogenation of linear, branched, and cyclic alkanes via C−H activation. It performs dehydrogenations via a C−H insertion followed by β‐hydride elimination. When given energy via collision‐induced dissociation, the system is capable of second and third dehydrogenations to form dienes and aromatics such as benzene. Kinetic isotope effects and DFT calculations completed at the M06/6–311+G** level support the proposed mechanism. The metal complex can act as an experimental model for graphene‐supported nickel single‐atom catalysts and suggests that these catalysts are capable of alkane dehydrogenation via C−H activation.
Copper‐Mediated Selenazolidine Deprotection Enables One‐Pot Chemical Synthesis of Challenging Proteins
Authors: Zhao Zhenguang , Metanis Norman
Published: August 2019

While chemical protein synthesis has granted access to challenging proteins, the synthesis of longer proteins is often limited by low abundance or non‐strategic placement of cysteine residues, which are essential for native chemical ligations, as well as multiple purification and isolation steps. We describe the one‐pot total synthesis of human thiosulfate:glutathione sulfurtransferase (TSTD1). WT‐TSTD1 was synthesized in a C‐to‐N synthetic approach involving multiple NCL reactions, CuII‐mediated deprotection of selenazolidine (Sez), and chemoselective deselenization. The seleno‐analog Se‐TSTD1, in which the active site Cys is replaced with selenocysteine, was also synthesized with a kinetically controlled ligation with an N‐to‐C synthetic approach. The catalytic activity of the two proteins indicated that Se‐TSTD1 possessed only four‐fold lower activity than WT‐TSTD1, thus suggesting that selenoproteins can have physiologically comparable sulfutransferase activity to their cysteine counterparts.
Defect‐Rich Graphene Nanomesh Produced by Thermal Exfoliation of Metal–Organic Frameworks for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Xia Wei , Tang Jing , Li Jingjing , Zhang Shuaihua , Wu Kevin C.‐W. , He Jianping , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: August 2019

Although graphene nanomesh is an attractive 2D carbon material, general synthetic routes to produce functional graphene nanomesh in large‐scale are complex and tedious. Herein, we elaborately design a simple two‐step dimensional reduction strategy for exploring nitrogen‐doped graphene nanomesh by thermal exfoliation of crystal‐ and shape‐modified metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). MOF nanoleaves with 2D rather than 3D crystal structure are used as the precursor, which are further thermally unraveled into nitrogen‐doped graphene nanomesh by using metal chlorides as the exfoliators and etching agent. The nitrogen‐doped graphene nanomesh has a unique ultrathin two‐dimensional morphology, high porosity, rich and accessible nitrogen‐doped active sites, and defective graphene edges, contributing to an unprecedented catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acid electrolytes. This approach is suitable for scalable production.
Reconstitution of cellulosome: Research progress and its application in biorefinery
Authors: Hu Bin‐Bin , Zhu Ming‐Jun
Published: August 2019

Lignocellulose, one of the most abundant renewable sources of sugar, can be converted into bioenergy through hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose. Due to its renewability and availability in large quantities, bioenergy is considered as a possible alternative to fossil energy and attracts the attention of the world with increased concerns about environmental protection and energy crisis. The depolymerization of cellulosic substrate to monomer is the rate‐limiting step in the bioconversion of lignocellulose by cellulolytic microbes. Cellulosome, a multienzyme complex from anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria, can efficiently degrade the cellulosic substrates. Previous studies have shown that the reconstitution of cellulosome in vitro and its heterologous expression or display on the cell surface can help to solve the low yield problem of cellulosome in cellulolytic bacteria. This paper reviews the research progress in the reconstitution of cellulosome as well as its application in biorefinery, including the construction of cellulosome as well as different methods for cellulosome reconstitution and its surface display. This review will promote the understanding of cellulosome and its reconstitution.
Synthesis of a highly fluorescent N,N‐dimethyl benzylamine–palladium(II) curcuminate complex and its application for determination of trace amounts of water in organic solvents
Authors: Zargoosh Kiomars , Reisi Oshtorjani Reihane , Karami Kazem , Hashemi Sara
Published: August 2019

In this work a new highly fluorescent N,N‐dimethyl benzylamine–palladium(II) yu complex was synthesized by the reaction of [Pd2{(C,N–C6H4CH2N(CH3)2}2(μ‐OAc)]2] with curcumin. The structure of the synthesized complex was characterized using Fourier transform infra‐red (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) values of the synthesized complex in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile, ethanol, and methanol were 0.160, 0.104, 0.068, and 0.061, respectively. The fluorescence signal of the complex in the organic solvents was very sensitive to the water content of the organic solvent. The quenching effect of water was used to determine trace amounts of water in the heteroatom‐containing organic solvents (ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile) and redox‐active solvents (DMSO). The linear ranges for determination of water (v/v %) in ethanol, DMSO and acetonitrile were found to be 0.03–14.5, 0.08–13.8, and 0.07–18.8, respectively. Two linear ranges were found for determination of water (v/v %) in methanol (0.1–1.2 and 4.7–25.0). Detection limit (DL) values were calculated to be 0.001, 0.05, 0.004, and 0.01 (v/v %) in ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, and DMSO, respectively. The proposed method overcomes the problems of the standard Karl Fischer method for determination of water in DMSO. In addition, it gave the best DL value for determination of water in ethanol compared with all published papers to date.
Multiple mechanisms of Rottlerin toxicity in A375 melanoma cells
Authors: Ietta Francesca , Valacchi Giuseppe , Benincasa Linda , Pecorelli Alessandra , Cresti Laura , Maioli Emanuela
Published: August 2019

Rottlerin is a cytostatic and cytotoxic drug in a variety of cancer cells. Our previous experience demonstrated that depending upon the genetic/biochemical background of cancer cells, rottlerin is able to induce both apoptotic and autophagic cell death, or dramatically disturb protein homeostasis leading to lethal cellular atrophy. In the current study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects and mechanisms of rottlerin against human amelanotic A375 melanoma cells. In this cell line, rottlerin exhibits its main and newest cytotoxic properties, that is, growth arrest, apoptosis induction, and translation shutoff. In fact, the drug, time‐, and dose‐dependently, markedly inhibited cell proliferation through cyclin D1 downregulation and induced apoptotic cell death as early as after 18 h treatment. Mechanistically, rottlerin triggered apoptosis by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Both pathways are likely activated by the downregulation of the antiapoptotic B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) protein, which simultaneously affects mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes stability. Concomitantly to extrinsic apoptosis induction, the rottlerin‐activated ER stress/eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) α axis blocked the translational apparatus. The altered proteostasis precluded the complete cells' rescue from death in the presence of apoptosis inhibitors.
Fibularis Tertius: Anatomical Study and Review of the Literature
Authors: Olewnik Łukasz
Published: August 2019

Although there is much morphological variation in the anterior compartment of the leg, there is little information about the morphological variability of the fibularis tertius muscle (FTM). The main aim of the present study was to characterize the morphology (origin and insertion) and frequency of occurrence of the FTM and to use these findings as the basis for a new classification of the fibularis tertius tendon. Classical anatomical dissection was performed on 106 lower limbs fixed in 10% formalin. The presence of the FTM and the morphology of both its origin and its insertion were described. The FTM was present in 91 limbs (85.8%). Three types of origin were observed: Type 1, the most common type, with its origin on the distal half fibula (67%); Type 2, with the origin on the distal third fibula (22%); and Type 3, with an origin from the tendon of the extensor digitorum longus (11%). In addition, six types of insertion were distinguished. The most common was Type I (45%), a single distal attachment where the tendon inserts into the shaft of the fifth metatarsal bone. The rarest was Type VI, characterized by fusion with an additional band of the fibularis brevis tendon, which gives rise to the fourth interosseus dorsalis muscle. Two morphological variants of insertion could be distinguished, fan‐shaped and band‐shaped. Both the origin and insertion of the FTM are very morphologically variable, with three types of origin (Types 1–3) and six types of insertion point (Types I–VI) observed. Knowledge of such variations is essential for both clinicians and anatomists. Clin. Anat. 32:1082–1093, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk stratification for lung adenocarcinoma on EGFR and TP53 mutation status, chemotherapy, and PD‐L1 immunotherapy
Authors: Wu Chih‐Hsun , Hwang Ming‐Jing
Published: August 2019

The overall survival rates for lung cancer remain unsatisfactorily low, even for patients with biomarkers for which target therapies or immunotherapies are recommended. Better identification of at‐risk patients is needed to achieve more effective personalized treatment. Here, we derived a risk‐stratifying gene signature consisting of five genes that had the greatest differential expression by stage from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) transcriptomes. The new gene signature enabled survival prognosis for multiple LUAD datasets from different platforms of transcriptomics and risk stratification for patients with and without a mutation in TP53 or EGFR, with high and low levels of PD‐L1, and with and without adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Using these evaluations, it was also shown to be more robust compared to several other gene signatures. Functional analysis of the five genes and their protein‐protein interaction partners indicated that they are functionally enriched in cell cycle, endocytosis, and EGFR regulation, which are biological processes associated with lung cancer and drug resistance. Extensive discussions on related experimental studies suggest that the five genes are novel and sensible targets for developing new drugs and/or tackling drug resistance problems for LUAD.
Review impact of NCAA, NFL collaboration to address concussion concerns
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: August 2019

The potential liability for head‐trauma‐related injuries has increased significantly during the last 20 years. From a medical perspective, the level of seriousness of a concussion, known as a traumatic brain injury, varies from player to player and contact to contact. From a legal perspective, the discovery and ensuing national discussion about chronic traumatic encephalopathy became a game‐changer. CTE is a progressive, chronic, degenerative brain disease that develops from repeated blows to the head. Its existence and/or potential emergence in current and former student‐athletes has increased the litigation stakes immeasurably and placed each school's approach to head safety and concussion injury and treatment under a microscope.
Physical health in refugee and asylum‐seeking populations: The importance of psychological functioning
Authors: Nugent Nicole R. , Javanbakht Arash
Published: August 2019

By definition, individuals granted refugee and asylum status have fled frightening, often traumatic circumstances. Not surprisingly, the prevalence of psychological concerns is elevated among refugee children and adults relative to rates in their host communities. Substantial proportions of refugees and asylum seekers evidence stress‐sensitive psychological disorders such as post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders; in some refugee populations, prevalence of stress‐sensitive disorders has been reported to be as high as 90%.
Lithium–Bromide Exchange versus Nucleophilic Addition of Schiff's Base: Unprecedented Tandem Cyclisation Pathways
Authors: Orr Samantha A. , Border Emily C. , Andrews Philip C. , Blair Victoria L.
Published: August 2019

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Philip C. Andrews and Victoria L. Blair at Monash University, Melbourne. The image depicts the La Trobe reading room in Melbourne's State Library as a way of illustrating the manuscript′s discussion of textbook techniques. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201902140.
Enantioseparation of chiral perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC): Effects of the chromatographic conditions and separation mechanism
Authors: Zhao Lu , Chen Fangfang , Guo Fangjie , Liu Weiping , Liu Kai
Published: August 2019

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is one of the most frequently detected perfluoroalkyl substances in environmental and human samples. Previous studies have shown that nonracemic PFOS in biological samples can be used as a marker of PFOS exposure sources. In recent years, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has emerged as a powerful method to separate chiral compounds. In this study, a method of perfluoro‐1‐methylheptane sulfonate (1 m‐PFOS) enantioseparation by SFC was established. The optimal separation was obtained using a Chiralpak QN‐AX column with CO2/2‐propanol (70/30, v/v) as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 1 mL/min, column temperature was 32°C, and BPR pressure was 1800 psi. The resolution (Rs) and retention time were 0.88 and 130 minutes, respectively. This method is more economic and greener than HPLC. Modifier pH and column temperature were determined to be significant factors of SFC chiral separation. Modifier pH is negatively correlated with the retention factors and Rs. Adsorption thermodynamics were used to explain the influence of temperature change, and it was concluded that the transfer of two enantiomers from the mobile phase to the stationary phase is enthalpy‐driven. Enantioseparation of 1 m‐PFOS by SFC follows the same rules of ion exchange as those for the chiral separation by HPLC.
Indication‐specific event rates among hospitalized patients undergoing continuous cardiac monitoring
Authors: Cantillon Daniel J. , Burkle Alicia , Kirkwood Desiree , Loy Molly , Amuthan Ram , Pengel Shannon , Tote John , Morris William , Houghtaling Penny L. , Hamilton Aaron C. , Petre Marc , Khot Umesh N. , Lindsay Bruce D.
Published: August 2019

Background

Cardiac telemetry monitoring is widely utilized for a variety of clinical indications, yet indication‐specific event rates for monitored patients are seldomly reported.

Hypothesis

High‐risk hospitalized patients for clinical deterioration can be identified using standardized telemetry monitoring indications.

Methods

Adjudicated data from events triggering emergency response team (ERT) activation were systematically characterized at the Cleveland Clinic from among standardized telemetry indications ordered over a 13‐month period.

Results

Among 72 199 orders created for telemetry monitored patients, ERT activation occurred in 2677 patients (3.7%), of which 1326 (49.5%) were cardiac‐related. Patients with deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE) demonstrated the highest overall event rate (ERT: n = 41 of 593 pts [6.9%]; 25/41 cardiac related [61%]). Cardiac‐related events were proportionally highest among patients with coronary disease awaiting revascularization (ERT: n = 19 of 847 patients [2.2%]; 13/19 cardiac‐related [68.4%]). Arrhythmia‐specific events were highest among patients who underwent cardiac surgery (n = 78 of 193 cardiac‐related ERT [40.4%]), and patients with known or suspected tachyarrhythmias (n = 318 of 788 cardiac‐related ERT [40.4%]). Bubble plot analysis identified patients hospitalized with DVT/PE, drug or alcohol exposures, and acute coronary syndrome as among the highest overall and cardiac‐related events while identifying patients with respiratory disorder monitoring indications as carrying the highest noncardiac event rate.

Conclusion

High‐risk hospitalized patients can be identified by telemetry indication and prioritized according to concerns for cardiac, arrhythmia‐specific and noncardiac clinical deterioration. This is particularly useful when monitored bed resources are constrained.
Intratelencephalic projections of the avian visual dorsal ventricular ridge: Laminarly segregated, reciprocally and topographically organized
Authors: Fernández Máximo , Ahumada‐Galleguillos Patricio , Sentis Elisa , Marín Gonzalo , Mpodozis Jorge
Published: August 2019

Recent reports have shown that the avian visual dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) is organized as a trilayered complex, in which the forming layers—the thalamo‐recipient entopallium (E), an overlaying nidopallial stripe called intermediate nidopallium (NI), and the dorsally adjacent mesopallium ventrale—appear to be extensively interconnected by topographically organized columns of reciprocal axonal processes running perpendicular to the layers, an arrangement highly reminiscent to that of the sensory cortices of mammals. In the present report, we implemented in vivo anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques aiming to elucidate the organization of the connections of this complex with other pallial areas. Previous studies have shown that the efferent projections of the visual DVR originate mainly from the NI and E, reaching several distinct associative and premotor nidopallial areas. We found that the efferents from the visual DVR originated solely from the NI, and confirmed that the targets of these projections were the pallial areas described by previous studies. We also found novel projections from the NI to the visual hyperpallium, and to the lateral striatum. Moreover, we found that these projections were reciprocal, topographically organized, and originated from different cell populations within the NI. We conclude that the NI constitutes a specialized layer of the visual DVR that form the core of a dense network of highly specific connections between this region and other higher order areas of the avian pallium. Finally, we discuss to what extent these hodological properties resemble those of the mammalian cortical layers II/III.
trans‐Platinum(II) Thionate Complexes: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and in vitro Biological Assessment as Potent Anticancer Agents
Authors: Sakamaki Yoshie , Ahmadi Mirsadeghi Hasti , Fereidoonnezhad Masood , Mirzaei Faezeh , Moghimi Dehkordi Zahra , Chamyani Samira , Alshami Mia , Abedanzadeh Sedigheh , Shahsavari Hamid R. , Beyzavi M. Hassan
Published: August 2019

A series of Pt(II) complexes trans‐[Pt(PPh2allyl)2(κ1‐S‐SR)2], 1, PPh2allyl=allyldiphenylphosphine, SR=pyridine‐2‐thiol (Spy, 1 a), 5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐pyridine‐2‐thiol (SpyCF3‐5, 1 b), pyrimidine‐2‐thiol (SpyN, 1 c), benzothiazole‐2‐thiol (Sbt, 1 d), benzimidazole‐2‐thiol (Sbi, 1 e), were synthesized. They were characterized by NMR, HR ESI‐MS, and X‐ray crystallography. Treatment of human cancer cell lines (A549, SKOV3, MCF‐7) with these complexes resulted in promising antitumor effects in comparison with cisplatin. These compounds showed suitable selectivity between tumorigenic and non‐tumorigenic (MCF‐10 A) cell lines. Analyses of cell cycle progression and apoptosis were conducted for 1 a, the most cytotoxic compound, to screen dose/time response and to study the antiproliferative mechanism. An electrophoresis mobility shift assay was performed to assess the direct interaction of 1 a with DNA and the strong genotoxic ability was indicated through the comet assay method.
Design and analysis of 0.9 and 2.3‐GHz concurrent dual‐band CMOS LNA for mobile communication
Authors: Roobert A. Andrew , Rani D. Gracia Nirmala
Published: August 2019

A complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) dual‐band low‐noise amplifier (LNA) for 2G/3G/4G mobile communications is presented. It operates at 0.9 and 2.3 GHz of frequencies. The dual‐band operation is achieved by adding a modified notch‐filtering path in the wideband LNA. The modified notch‐filtering path does not require additional power to cancel the signals of the stop band frequency. The impact of the filtering path in the proposed LNA is analyzed. Improved results are observed in dual bands of frequency. Sustainability of the LNA under process corner variation and temperature variation are examined, and it is found to be suitable for the application. The proposed LNA is designed at 90‐nm technology in Cadence Virtuoso with 0.5 and 0.6‐V supply. The post‐layout simulation shows 22 dB of gain (S21), 2 dB of Noise Figure (NF), and −5.5 dBm of IIP3 at the high band. In the low band, 24 dB of S21, 2.7 dB of NF, and −6.65 dBm of IIP3 are reached. The circuit consumes 5.2 mW of power and 0.0918 mm2 of area. The efficiency of the LNA is estimated by the figure of merit, and comparable results are secured in the proposed work.
Expression of IL‐34 correlates with macrophage infiltration and prognosis of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Noyori Osamu , Komohara Yoshihiro , Nasser Hesham , Hiyoshi Masateru , Ma Chaoya , Pan Cheng , Carreras Joaquim , Nakamura Naoya , Sato Ai , Ando Kiyoshi , Okuno Yutaka , Nosaka Kisato , Matsuoka Masao , Suzu Shinya
Published: August 2019

Objectives

Infiltration of macrophages through the tyrosine kinase receptor CSF1R is a poor prognosis factor in various solid tumors. Indeed, these tumors produce CSF1R ligand, macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) or interleukin‐34 (IL‐34). However, the significance of these cytokines, particularly, the newly discovered IL‐34 in haematological malignancies, is not fully understood. We therefore analysed the role of IL‐34 in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common subtype of malignant lymphoma.

Methods

We analysed formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded lymphoma tissues of 135 DLBCL patients for the expression of IL‐34 and the number of macrophages, and the survival of these patients. The expression of IL‐34 in DLBCL cell lines and the activity of IL‐34 to induce the migration of monocytic cells were also characterised.

Results

Several lymphoma tissues showed a clear IL‐34 signal, and such signal was detectable in 36% of patients. DLBCL cell lines also expressed IL‐34. Interestingly, the percentage of IL‐34+ patients in the activated B‐cell subtype was significantly higher than that in the germinal centre B‐cell subtype. More interestingly, IL‐34+ patients showed shorter survival periods and higher number of macrophages in lymphoma tissues. The recruitment of monocytes is likely the first step for the higher macrophage density in the IL‐34+ lymphoma tissues. Indeed, IL‐34 induced the migration of monocytic cells.

Conclusion

Our results raise the possibility that IL‐34 in lymphoma tissues of DLBCL patients recruits monocytes, leading to the higher number of macrophages in the tissues and poor prognosis of patients. IL‐34 may be an additional therapeutic target of DLBCL.
Obliquely propagating quantum solitary waves in quantum‐magnetized plasma with ultra‐relativistic degenerate electrons and positrons
Authors: Soltani H. , Mohsenpour T. , Sohbatzadeh F.
Published: August 2019

The oblique propagation of the quantum electrostatic solitary waves in magnetized relativistic quantum plasma is investigated using the quantum hydrodynamic equations. The plasma consists of dynamic relativistic degenerate electrons and positrons and a weakly relativistic ion beam. The Zakharov‐Kuznetsov equation is derived using the standard reductive perturbation technique that admits an obliquely propagating soliton solution. It is found that two types of quantum acoustic modes, that is, a slow acoustic mode and fast acoustic mode, could be propagated in our plasma model. The parameter that determines the nature of soliton, that is, compressive or rarefactive soliton, for slow mode is investigated. Our numerical results show that for the slow mode, the determining parameter is ion beam velocity in the case of relativistic degenerate electrons. We also have examined the effects of plasma parameters (like the beam velocity, the density ratio of positron to electron, the relativistic factor, and the propagation angle) on the characteristics of solitary waves.
Energy‐delay‐aware caching strategy in green CCN using markov approximation
Authors: Dehghani Fereshte , Movahhedinia Naser
Published: August 2019

One of the basic challenges in content‐centric networking (CCN) is how to optimize the overall energy consumption of content transmission and caching. Furthermore, designing an appropriate caching policy that considers both energy consumption and quality of service (QoS) is a major goal in green CCN. In this paper, the problem of minimizing the total CCN energy consumption while being aware of the end‐to‐end delay is formulated as an integer linear programming model. Since it is an Non‐deterministic Polynomial‐time (NP)‐hard problem, the Markov approximation method for an energy‐delay aware caching strategy (MAEDC) is proposed through a log‐sum‐exp function to find a near‐optimal solution in a distributed manner. The numerical results show that the MAEDC achieves near‐optimal energy consumption with better delay profile compared with the optimal solution. Moreover, due to the possibility of distributed and parallel processing, the proposed method is proper for the online situation where the delay is a crucial issue.
Dissecting the presence of malignant squamous cells in pancreatic cytopathology: A case series
Authors: Sydney Guy I. , Ioakim Kalliopi J. , Sergentanis Theodoros N. , Tsiotos Gregory G. , Kyriakidou Vasiliki , Sepsa Athanasia , Theocharis Stamatios , Salla Charitini , Nikas Ilias
Published: August 2019

The presence of malignant squamous cells in pancreatic cytopathology is a rare phenomenon that results either from a primary or a metastatic process. Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (PASC) represents the most common variant of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and is associated with a dismal prognosis. Within the period of 2013‐2018, the archives of “Hygeia and Mitera Hospital” were searched for pancreatic cytopathology‐related diagnoses that included the interpretation of “malignant squamous cells present.” All fine needle aspirations (FNAs) of pancreatic lesions, including liver metastases in patients with known pancreatic primaries, were retrieved along with their relevant clinical information. Five pancreatic and two liver FNAs acquired from a total of six patients were reexamined. None of these patients had any documented history of primary squamous malignancy elsewhere. All pancreatic and one of the two liver FNAs showed malignant squamous cells, identified based on either morphology or immunochemistry. The other liver FNA represented a metastatic deposit which comprised of only a glandular component, whereas the associated pancreatic FNA exhibited both squamous and glandular counterparts. Most cases characteristically showed necrosis and keratinization. Of interest, two cases revealed the presence of tumor‐associated giant cells. In conclusion, the presence of malignant squamous cells in pancreatic FNAs could mean the presence of PASC, especially when there is no documented history of a primary malignancy and a complete clinical and imaging workup has been performed. Immunochemistry on cell block material could help to confirm squamous differentiation in the absence of overt keratinization.