bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Πειραματική αναζήτηση πλευροδεσίας στο ημιθωράκιο κονίκλου
Authors: Κολοκοτρώνη Στυλιανή-Μαρία
Published: July 2023

Σκοπός: Η παρούσα μελέτη σχεδιάστηκε για να αξιολογήσει το πλάσμα πλούσιο σε αιμοπετάλια (platelet-rich plasma, PRP) ως μέθοδο πλευροδεσίας σε μοντέλο με κονίκλους. Η πλευροδεσία με PRP συγκρίθηκε με την πλευροδεσία με τάλκη που αποτελεί την πρότυπη μέθοδο. Δευτερογενώς έγινε αξιολόγηση του ιδανικού χρονικού διαστήματος για την επίτευξη πλευροδεσίας.Υλικά και Μέθοδοι: 25 υγιείς λευκοί κόνικλοι τύπου Νέας Ζηλανδίας χωρίστηκαν σε τρεις ομάδες, ως εξής: 12 ζώα στην πρώτη και δεύτερη ομάδα αντίστοιχα, καθώς και ένα ζώο χωρίς καμία παρέμβαση στην τελική ομάδα, το οποίο χρησιμοποιήθηκε ως έλεγχος (control). Η ομάδα της πλευροδεσίας με τάλκη υποβλήθηκε σε πλευροδεσία με αποστειρωμένη τάλκη, που είναι ο πρότυπος σκληρυντικός παράγοντας που χρησιμοποιείται για πλευροδεσία. Η ομάδα PRP υποβλήθηκε σε πλευροδεσία χρησιμοποιώντας αυτόλογο PRP. Η τελευταία (τρίτη) ομάδα αποτελείτο από έναν κόνικλο που δεν υποβλήθηκε σε καμία παρέμβαση. Συνολικά 12 κόνικλοι (n = 6 για την ομάδα πλευροδεσίας με τάλκη και n = 6 για την ομάδα πλευροδεσίας με PRP) θανατώθηκαν στις 3 ημέρες (72 ώρες) μετά την παρέμβαση και 12 κόνικλοι (n = 6 για την ομάδα πλευροδεσίας με τάλκη και n = 6 για την ομάδα πλευροδεσίας με PRP) θανατώθηκαν στις 6 ημέρες (144 ώρες) μετά την παρέμβαση. Τόσο στην ομάδα της τάλκης όσο και στην ομάδα του PRP, μετρήθηκαν η γενική αίματος και η C-αντιδρώσα πρωτεΐνη (CRP) πριν από την παρέμβαση και στις 3 ή 6 ημέρες μετά, αντίστοιχα. Ο υπεζωκότας και οι πνεύμονες αξιολογήθηκαν ιστοπαθολογικά.Αποτελέσματα: Μακροσκοπικά δεν υπήρξαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων. Όσον αφορά τα μικροσκοπικά ευρήματα, δεν βρέθηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές στη φλεγμονώδη αντίδραση που προκλήθηκε στο σπλαχνικό και στον τοιχωματικό υπεζωκότα ανάμεσα στο PRP και στην τάλκη. Επιπλέον, κατά την πλευροδεσία με τάλκη, παρατηρήθηκε αντίδραση ξένου σώματος στο 50% περίπου των περιπτώσεων, η οποία δεν παρατηρήθηκε στο PRP. Όσον αφορά τη φλεγμονή μεταξύ 3 και 6 ημερών, δεν υπήρξαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές στην ομάδα του PRP, αλλά βρέθηκε στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά μεταξύ 3 και 6 ημερών στον τοιχωματικό υπεζωκότα στην ομάδα της τάλκης.Συμπεράσματα: Η ενστάλαξη αυτόλογου PRP στην υπεζωκοτική κοιλότητα έδειξε ενθαρρυντικά αποτελέσματα για την επίτευξη πλευροδεσίας. Η αποτελεσματικότητα του PRP ως παράγοντα πλευροδεσίας θα πρέπει να εξεταστεί περαιτέρω.
Epidemiology study of Diarrhoea, Cholera, Typhoid, Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E in Middle East and North Africa Region
Authors: El Morabet Rachida , Khan Roohul Abad , Alsubih Majed , Khan Nadeem Ahmad , Yusuf Mohammad , Khan Parvez , Hrynzovskyi Anatolii , Каlashchenko Svitlana , Lutsak Olena
Published: July 2023

Middle eastern countries are among one of the highly water stressed region in the world. Which renders it highly susceptible to water borne diseases. Water borne diseases epidemiology in Middle eastern countries were investigated in this research to determine existing health security in Middle eastern countries. Recent conflicts in the region, deteriorating water supply and infrastructure has led to major outbreaks of diarrhoea and cholera in Syria, Iraq, and Yemen. The water borne disease investigated are; diarrhoea, cholera, hepatitis A, hepatitis E and typhoid to present an overall scenario in the region. Despite proper infrastructure and water supply, stability (social, political and economy) of each country is vital to contain and curb water borne diseases and its outbreak in Middle eastern countries. According to the research results, it can be assumed that there is a high need for an elaborate study to come up with a comprehensive plan to mitigate and control water borne diseases in Middle eastern countries in terms of present and future perspective.
The Longest-Chain Protocol Under Random Delays
Authors: Sankagiri Suryanarayana , Gandlur Shreyas , Hajek Bruce
Published: July 2023

In the field of distributed consensus and blockchains, the synchronous communication model assumes that all messages between honest parties are delayed by at most a known constant Δ. Recent literature establishes that the longest-chain blockchain protocol is secure under synchronous communication. However, these security guarantees degrade with Δ. In real-world networks, communication delays may occasionally be far more than their typical value. In such a scenario, the security guarantees based on the synchronous model may be overly pessimistic, because they are based on the worst-case delay. This work analyzes the longest-chain protocol under a new network model that assumes the communication delays are random, independent, and identically distributed. The model allows for delay distributions with unbounded support. The main result of this paper is a security guarantee for the longest-chain protocol operating under this model. Our security results depend on the probability that delays exceed the interblock time period, rather than on the worst-case delay. We provide simple, explicit bounds on the security-violation probability that decays exponentially with the security parameter. Under network conditions where delays are sporadically large, our results can provide better security guarantees than prior work.

Funding: This work was supported in part by NSF [Grant CCF 19-00636].
PENGETAHUAN TENAGA KESEHATAN TENTANG KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA SEBAGAI MASALAH KESEHATAN
Authors: Emqi Zahrah Humaidah , Hartini Nurul
Published: July 2023

Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang membutuhkan penanganan dari berbagai lapisan masyarakat. Tenaga kesehatan adalah pihak yang memiliki potensi dan peran penting untuk melakukan deteksi awal terjadinya KDRT pada perempuan yang datang sebagai pasien. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan mengkaji literatur yang meneliti gambaran pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan mengenai KDRT sebagai masalah kesehatan dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Artikel didapatkan dari beberapa database yaitu ScienceDirect, Springer, dan SagePub dengan kriteria penelitian kualitatif yang terbit pada tahun 2015-2020, berbahasa Inggris, dan dengan teks penuh. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terhadap 6 artikel, diketahui bahwa pengetahuan yang kurang memadai pada tenaga kesehatan menghambat kinerja tenaga kesehatan untuk melakukan skrining dan tindakan lain yang diperlukan terhadap pasien yang rentan mengalami kekerasan. Pengetahuan tersebut mencakup cara melakukan skrining, melakukan rujukan, dan pembagian tugas dengan tenaga kesehatan lainnya. Faktor kurangnya pembekalan bagi tenaga kesehatan dan norma masyarakat berdampak pada hal tersebut. Diperlukan program pendidikan dan pelatihan yang sesuai dengan konteks masyarakat setempat sebagai upaya pencegahan dan penanganan KDRT secara tepat dan berfokus pada korban.
Theologie von Kindern – Theologie mit Kindern – Theologie für Kinder
Authors: Grümme Bernhard
Published: July 2023

Die Kindertheologie könnte, verstanden vor dem Hintergrund des Repräsentationsbegriffs, als Beitrag zur theologischen Würdigung und Anerkennung von Kindern gesehen werden. Sensibilisiert durch den poststrukturalistischen Diskurs, vor allem aber durch postkoloniales Denken wird dieses emphatische Selbstverständnis problematisiert. Auch praxeologisch sind hegemoniale Implikationen nicht zu übersehen. Die Aspekte von Macht, von Identität und Gerechtigkeit scheinen in ihrer Interdependenz nicht hinreichend berücksichtigt zu sein. Der Beitrag analysiert diese komplexe Problematik der Kindertheologie, diskutiert die kritischen Gegenpositionen vor allem hinsichtlich ihrer geltungstheoretischen und normativen Kraft und versucht, mit der Denkform eines alteritätstheoretisch gebrochenen, selbstreflexiven normativen Universalismus eine weiterführende Perspektive anzubahnen.
Процессуальные особенности формирования и формулирования обвинительного заключения как итогового акта уголовного преследования
Authors: Кокоха Т.С. , Филатов С.С.
Published: July 2023

В данной статье рассматриваются процессуальные особенности формирования и формулирования обвинительного заключения как итогового акта уголовного преследования. Авторы обращают внимание на значимость данного документа для судебного разбирательства и принятия законного и справедливого решения. В статье рассматриваются основные требования к содержанию обвинительного заключения, а также его роль в процессе защиты интересов обвиняемого. Кроме того, авторы обращают внимание на важность формулирования обвинения в обвинительном заключении и его влияние на правовое положение сторон, участвующих в уголовном процессе.
Local Government Financing and Sustainable Development: The Case of Albania
Authors: Frroku Mariel
Published: July 2023

Local government is one of the most important pillars of good governance of a society, an important indicator to express the essential role it has in the sustainable development (SD) of a country. The reforms undertaken in Albania in terms of increasing the fiscal and functional capacity of local government, connect it more and more with all components of SD. The use and maximization of the capacities of the local government in order to improve the basic goals of SD, is supported not only by the theoretical connection of functions but also by the experience of developed countries with a deep decentralization. In Albania, the local government receives revenues in the form of central government transfers and its own. These revenues are used by the local government to finance public services that have a direct impact on the lives of citizens but also to improve the quality of life. Both forms of local government revenue are at full discretion to be used by local selfgovernment units and to improve measurable indicators of increasing the quality of public services and financing sustainable development.
Dysregulated Signalling Pathways Driving Anti-cancer Drug Resistance
Authors: Bou Antoun Nauf , Chioni Athina-Myrto
Published: July 2023

One of the leading causes of death worldwide, in both man and woman, is cancer. Despite the significant development in therapeutic strategies, the inevitable emergence of drug resistance limits the success and impedes the curative outcome. Intrinsic and acquired resistance are common mechanisms responsible for cancer relapse. Several factors crucially regulate tumourigenesis and resistance, including physical barriers, tumour microenvironment (TME), heterogeneity, genetic and epigenetic alterations, the immune system, tumour burden, growth kinetics and undruggable targets. Moreover, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Notch, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), integrin-extracellular matrix (ECM), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), phosphoinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) and RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways are some of the key players that have a pivotal role in drug resistance mechanisms. To guide future cancer treatments and improve results, a deeper comprehension of drug resistance pathways is necessary. This review will cover both intrinsic and acquired resistance and give a comprehensive overview of recent research on mechanisms that enable cancer cells to bypass barriers put by treatments, and like “satellite navigation”, find alternative routes to carry on their “journey” to cancer progression.
Operative and Nonoperative Treatment of Humeral Shaft Fractures
Authors: Farid Alexander R. , Friend Tynan H. , Atarere Joseph , Gustin Michael , Suneja Nishant , Weaver Michael J. , Von Keudell Arvind G.
Published: July 2023

Background:

Decision-making with regard to the treatment of humeral shaft fractures remains under debate. The cost-effectiveness of these treatment options has yet to be established. This study aims to compare the cost-effectiveness of operative treatment with that of nonoperative treatment of humeral shaft fractures.

Methods:

We developed a decision tree for treatment options. Surgical costs included the ambulatory surgical fee, physician fee, anesthesia fee, and, in the sensitivity analysis, lost wages during recovery. We used the Current Procedural Terminology codes from the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery to determine physician fees via the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services database. The anesthesia fee was obtained from the national conversion factor and mean operative time for included procedures. We obtained data on mean wages from the U.S. Bureau of Labor and data on weeks missed from a similar study. We reported functional data via the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores obtained from existing literature. We used rollback analysis and Monte Carlo simulation to determine the cost-effectiveness of each treatment option, presented in dollars per meaningful change in DASH score, utilizing a $50,000 willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold.

Results:

The cost per meaningful change in DASH score for operative treatment was $18,857.97 at the 6-month follow-up and $25,756.36 at the 1-year follow-up, by Monte Carlo simulation. Wage loss-inclusive models revealed values that fall even farther below the WTP threshold, making operative management the more cost-effective treatment option compared with nonoperative treatment in both settings. With an upward variation of the nonoperative union rate to 84.17% in the wage-exclusive model and 89.43% in the wage-inclusive model, nonoperative treatment instead became more cost-effective.

Conclusions:

Operative management was cost-effective at both 6 months and 1 year, compared with nonoperative treatment, in both models. Operative treatment was found to be even more cost-effective with loss of wages considered, suggesting that an earlier return to baseline function and, thus, return to work are important considerations in making operative treatment the more cost-effective option.

Level of Evidence:

Economic and Decision Analysis Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effect of solubility and partition coefficient on the toxicity of corrosion inhibitors used in the oil industry
Authors: Huerta-Servin Rosa , Ahuatzi-Chacón Deifilia , SAlmerón-Alcocer Angélica , García-Medina Sandra , Mena-Cervantes Violeta Y. , Hernández-Altamirano Raúl
Published: July 2023

The present work studied the physicochemical properties, i.e., solubility and partition coefficient and toxicity level of eight corrosion inhibitors (CIs), including two commercial CIs and six CIs synthesized by green chemistry as an ecological alternative to commercial CIs. The six environmentally friendly CIs were synthesized considering the basic principles of green chemistry, under ambient temperature and pressure conditions and in the absence of solvents, with a mass reaction efficiency greater than 80% and without the generation of residues. The six environmentally friendly CIs are zwitterionic form of β-amino acid compounds, three of which have structures where the R group is 12, 16, and 18 carbon atoms (CI-R12, CI-R16, and CI-R18) with one carboxylate group and the other three of which have two carboxylate groups (CI-R12-2, CI-R16-2, and CI-R18-2). Two CIs commercially used in the oil industry, CI-IMPG2, and CI-PG12A, were also studied. The chemical structure of the CI, the temperature, and the solvent are factors that determine CI solubility; most CIs exhibit greater solubility in polar media, such as isopropanol: saline solution mixture. The partition coefficient in the aqueous phase: organic phase and mixtures with different volumetric proportions were higher for the environmentally friendly CI in an 80:20 vol% mixture. The 50% effective concentration (EC50), based on stimulation of root growth of Allium cepa, was lowest for CI-IMPG2 and CI-R16-2.
Impact of video recordings review with structured debriefings on trauma team performance: a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: AUKSTAKALNIS Vytautas , STUCINSKAS Justinas , DOBOZINSKAS Paulius , DARGINAVICIUS Linas , STASAITIS Kestutis , VAITKAITIS Dinas
Published: July 2023

Background
Many methods and tools have been suggested to enhance the efficiency of trauma team (TT) work. However, most of these methods necessitate costly simulators and mannequins, which demand significant financial and human resources.
Objective
Was to determine the impact of structured debriefings (SD) with audio/video review of trauma patients' resuscitation events on TT technical and non-technical skills.
Methods
Single center prospective observational cohort study. The study included all ED patients aged 18 years or older who received resuscitation from the trauma team (TT). Virtual meeting was held with the TT using SD to review one trauma patient resuscitation video. Technical skills improvement was based on adherence to the ATLS protocol and non-technical skills based on T-NOTECHS scale.
Results
There was statistically significant improvement in adherence to the ATLS protocol: 73% [55–82%] vs 91% [82–100%] (p < 0.001); and improvement in T-NOTECHS scale: 12 [10–14] vs 16 [14–19] points (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
In this study we found that structured debriefings with review of patients' resuscitation video recordings can have a significant positive impact on trauma team performance in the emergency department in both technical and non-technical skills.
Sensitivity of runoff parameterization schemes in regional climate simulation of Indian summer monsoon
Authors: Karadan M.M. , Raju P.V.S , Anwar S.A. , Prasad D. Hari
Published: July 2023

In this study, we examine the sensitivity of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) to runoff parameterizations in a non-hydrostatic Regional Climate Model (RegCM) for the period from 1982 to 2018. The experiments comprise parameterizations namely SIMTOP control (CTL) scheme and Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) scheme. Both simulations were forced with ERA interim analysis and evaluated with respect to observation and reanalysis products. The results revealed that the VIC simulated rainfall exhibiting a good agreement with India Meteorological Department (IMD) gridded rainfall as compared to the CTL experiments. The temperature features also were simulated relatively well in VIC than CTL especially over the monsoon core region. Similarly, spatial characteristics of soil moisture, relative humidity, total cloud cover, surface net radiation, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux were also performing better with VIC with respect to ECMWF Reanalysis fifth version (ERA5) products. Further, the extreme monsoon rainfall seasons are better simulated with VIC driven experiment. The interannual variations of rainfall, soil moisture, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux explained the dominance of VIC simulations over CTL which further lies in alignment with the aforesaid findings. However, these have been validated with statistical skill score named Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient and mean absolute error. The statistical analyses further corroborated the ISM simulations are better performed with VIC runoff parameterization than the CTL.
Overexpression of Glycosyl Hydrolase Gene Through Activation Tagging Enhances Sheath Blight Tolerance in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)
Authors: G Mahendranath , T Krishnakanth , Kalluru Sudhamani , SM Balachandran , EA Siddiq , KN Yamini , Vemireddy Lakshminarayana R , G Anuradha
Published: July 2023

Background
Activation tagging is an efficient gain-of-function approach to create novel phenotypes and to identify their underlying genes. In this study, a mutant population was developed in the recalcitrant indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. BPT 5204 (Samba Mahsuri) through activation tagging using Ac-Ds transposons.
Methods and results
From the mutant population, 38 (Ac−Ds+ plants) stable Ds plants were generated through germinal transposition at T2 generation. Based on phenotypic evaluation and preliminary screening for sheath blight (ShB) resistance caused by fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani), five stable activation tagged Ds lines (M-Ds-1, M-Ds-2, M-Ds-3, M-Ds-4 and M-Ds-5) were selected. Among them, M-Ds-3 and M-Ds-5 lines showed significant resistance for ShB over other tagged lines and wild type (WT) plants. Furthermore, flanking sequence and gene expression analysis revealed that the upregulation of glycoside hydrolase-OsGH or similar to Class III chitinase homologue (LOC_Os08g40680) in M-Ds-3 and a hypothetical protein gene (LOC_Os01g55000) in M-Ds-5.
Conclusion
Over-expression of glycoside hydrolase gene through activation tagging is demonstrated to be involved in ShB resistance Our study is the first to use Ac-Ds based gain-of-functional mutation to report candidate genes associated with ShB resistance in rice.
Innovation of Digital Health Technologies for Screening and Mitigation of the Mental Health Consequences of Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Scoping Review
Authors: White Brianna M. , Prasad Rameshwari , Ammar Nariman , Yaun Jason A. , Shaban-Nejad Arash
Published: July 2023

This study presents a scoping review of the use of digital health technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) to screen and mitigate risks and mental health consequences associated with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among children and youth. A total of 18 search articles were reviewed thoroughly within four main domains: post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicidal behavior/ideation, anxiety/depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Findings from the search suggest that the incorporation of digital health technologies stands to improve the quality of related care provisions for the management of mental health consequences of adverse or traumatic events in childhood including PTSD (5%), suicidal behavior/ideation (22%), anxiety/depression (16%), and ADHD (16%). The use of digital health technologies, machine learning tools, natural learning processing, and AI has a positive and encouraging response in mitigating the risks of ACEs. Under proper legal regulations, security, privacy, and confidentiality assurances, digital technologies could assist in mitigating the effects of ACEs and promoting positive childhood experiences (PCEs) in children and young adults, bolstering resilience, and providing reliable public health resources to serve populations in need.
The Potential and Concerns of Using AI in Scientific Research: ChatGPT Performance Evaluation
Authors: Khlaif Zuheir N , Mousa Allam , Hattab Muayad Kamal , Itmazi Jamil , Hassan Amjad A , Sanmugam Mageswaran , Ayyoub Abedalkarim
Published: July 2023

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) has many applications in various aspects of our daily life, including health, criminal, education, civil, business, and liability law. One aspect of AI that has gained significant attention is natural language processing (NLP), which refers to the ability of computers to understand and generate human language.

Objective

This study aims to examine the potential for, and concerns of, using AI in scientific research. For this purpose, high-impact research articles were generated by analyzing the quality of reports generated by ChatGPT and assessing the application’s impact on the research framework, data analysis, and the literature review. The study also explored concerns around ownership and the integrity of research when using AI-generated text.

Methods

A total of 4 articles were generated using ChatGPT, and thereafter evaluated by 23 reviewers. The researchers developed an evaluation form to assess the quality of the articles generated. Additionally, 50 abstracts were generated using ChatGPT and their quality was evaluated. The data were subjected to ANOVA and thematic analysis to analyze the qualitative data provided by the reviewers.

Results

When using detailed prompts and providing the context of the study, ChatGPT would generate high-quality research that could be published in high-impact journals. However, ChatGPT had a minor impact on developing the research framework and data analysis. The primary area needing improvement was the development of the literature review. Moreover, reviewers expressed concerns around ownership and the integrity of the research when using AI-generated text. Nonetheless, ChatGPT has a strong potential to increase human productivity in research and can be used in academic writing.

Conclusions

AI-generated text has the potential to improve the quality of high-impact research articles. The findings of this study suggest that decision makers and researchers should focus more on the methodology part of the research, which includes research design, developing research tools, and analyzing data in depth, to draw strong theoretical and practical implications, thereby establishing a revolution in scientific research in the era of AI. The practical implications of this study can be used in different fields such as medical education to deliver materials to develop the basic competencies for both medicine students and faculty members.
Regarding the lawyer’s right to receive confidential information from the client and its protection in the context of globalization
Authors: Zaborovskyy V.V. , Bysaga Y.M. , Byelov D.M.
Published: July 2023

In this article, the theoretical and practical questions regarding the determination of the essence of confidential information are revealed precisely through the prism of the lawyer’s right to receive it. Attention is also drawn to problematic issues that arise in the aspect of ensuring proper protection of confidential information (personal data, commercial secrets) in the process of practicing law.Within the framework of this research, the legal nature of the contract on non-disclosure of commercial secrets and/or confidential information is analyzed. The position is argued that although such an agreement is an important tool for the protection of commercial secrets and/or confidential information, there is no need to conclude it specifically between a lawyer and his client, taking into account the regime of lawyer secrecy, which applies to virtually all information received from the client, including regarding his personal data.The essence of the service regarding attorney storage of documents is also disclosed. It is concluded that in many cases, the lawyer’s clients prefer the protection of confidential information as a result of the extension of the regime of attorney’s secrecy to it (taking into account its increased protection, primarily due to the operation of guarantees of attorney’s activity), using the services of attorneys (law associations) regarding attorney’s custody documents, including in electronic form.In order to achieve the goal, the authors used research methods that are primarily characteristic of legal science. The research was carried out using, in particular, the dialectical method of learning legal reality, which made it possible to analyze the essence of the lawyer’s right to receive confidential information about his client, while the use of the system-structural method made it possible to determine the general structure of the work, which contributed to the proper disclosure of the tasks set before us.
Temporal tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy resolution is affected by initial severity and poorly correlated to serologic antibody testing in dogs with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Urion Rebecca , Jaffey Jared A. , Hostnik Eric T. , Hanzlicek Andrew S. , Moore George E.
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE

To determine associations between antibody serologic tests and tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy (TBL) in dogs with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis and identify variables associated with time to resolution of TBL.

ANIMALS

32 client owned dogs with newly diagnosed pulmonary coccidioidomycosis from October 2020 to February 2021.

METHODS

Prospective cohort study. Thoracic radiographs and anti–Coccidioides spp antibody serology were performed at baseline and once every 3 months until remission or for a maximum of 12 months. Radiographic tracheobronchial lymph node height, length, and area were measured and recorded as ratios via comparison with the length of the T4 vertebral body (LT4) and length of the manubrium. Severity of TBL was also subjectively categorized as mild, moderate, or severe.

RESULTS

Tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy was identified in 81% (26/32; 95% CI, 64% to 93%) of dogs. There was no relevant association between TBL presence or severity and antibody serology results. Tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy resolved in 72% (n = 18) of dogs at the 3-month evaluation. The median time to resolution of TBL after initiation of fluconazole was 96 days (range, 72 to 386 days). Univariate analysis identified increasing TBL severity (hazard ratio, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.84; P = .02) and length:LT4 ratio (hazard ratio, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.82; P = .01) as variables associated with reduced probability of resolution of TBL.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Antibody serologic test results are not clinically useful to predict TBL presence or severity in dogs with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis, and larger tracheobronchial lymph nodes are more likely to take longer to resolve. Resolution of TBL occurs in most dogs within 3 to 6 months after fluconazole administration.
Compensating Discrimination: Behavioral Evidence from Danish School Registers
Authors: Schuessler Julian , Sønderskov Kim Mannemar
Published: July 2023

We argue that discriminatory practices may vary significantly across decision-makers, which allows for deeper insights into the mechanisms behind discrimination. We study this in the context of biased grading in schools. We develop a theory of teacher biases driven by heuristic beliefs stemming from concrete classroom experiences. Because teachers may also care about grade equality, such a mechanism can lead to either inequality-reinforcing or compensating biases in grading. Based on large-scale administrative data on Danish lower secondary students, we find strong evidence for highly heterogeneous teacher biases - up to 45% of teachers exhibit a bias that is of the opposite sign as the average bias. Furthermore, there is a robust and substantively large compensation effect. Teachers who experienced a visible demographic group (defined by gender or migration background) academically under-performing relative to a reference group show more positive bias towards that group than teachers where the same group over-performed. We find little evidence for alternative explanations of bias. To fully grasp discrimination, we must go beyond averages and consider the wide variety of biases shaped by individual experiences.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Micro-Mesoporous ZSM-5/MCM-41 Composite Zeolite
Authors: Majeed Najwa Saber , Saleh Asir Abduljabbar
Published: July 2023

Nanocrystalline micro-mesoporous ZSM/MCM-41 composite was synthesized using alkaline treatment method and two step of crystallization in poly tetraflouroethylene (PTFE) lined autoclave. The synthesized zeolites was characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transport infrared (FTIR), and N2 adsorption-desorption (BET). It was approved that the best results for alkaline leaching can be got with 1.5M NaOH solution. High surface (BET) area of 630 m2/g with pore volume of 0.55 cm3/g has been got. AFM reports showed a nano-level size for average particle size of 50nm.
Experimental Study of Thermophysical Properties of TiO2 Nanofluid
Authors: Abdulwahab Majid I. , Thahab S.M. , Dhiaa Asmaa H.
Published: July 2023

Titanium-dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles suspended in water, and ethanol based fluids have been prepared using one step method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV–visible spectrophotometer. The TiO2 nanoparticles were added to base fluids with different volume concentrations from 0.1% to1.5% by dispersing the synthesized nanoparticles in deionized water and ethanol solutions. The effective thermal conductivity, viscosity and pH of prepared nanofluids at different temperatures from 15 to 30 oC were carried out and investigated. It was observed that the thermal conductivity, pH, and viscosity of nanofluids increases with the increase in TiO2 nanoparticle volume fraction.  The thermal conductivity of TiO2 nanofluids significantly increases linearly with increasing particle vol. fraction at different temperature values and also it was found that the viscosity increases with increasing particle vol. fraction and decreases with the increase in temperature.
Validation of a Multivariate Prediction Model of the Clinical Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease in a Community-Dwelling Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Stallard Eric , Kociolek Anton , Jin Zhezhen , Ryu Hyunnam , Lee Seonjoo , Cosentino Stephanie , Zhu Carolyn , Gu Yian , Fernandez Kayri , Hernandez Michelle , Kinosian Bruce , Stern Yaakov
Published: July 2023

Background:

The major aims of the three Predictors Studies have been to further our understanding of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression sufficiently to predict the length of time from disease onset to major disease outcomes in individual patients with AD.

Objectives:

To validate a longitudinal Grade of Membership (L-GoM) prediction algorithm developed using clinic-based, mainly white patients from the Predictors 2 Study in a statistically representative community-based sample of Hispanic (N = 211) and non-Hispanic (N = 62) older adults (with 60 males and 213 females) from the Predictors 3 Study and extend the algorithm to mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods:

The L-GoM model was applied to data collected at the initial Predictors 3 visit for 150 subjects with AD and 123 with MCI. Participants were followed annually for up to seven years. Observed rates of survival and need for full-time care (FTC) were compared to those predicted by the algorithm.

Results:

Initial MCI/AD severity in Predictors 3 was substantially higher than among clinic-based AD patients enrolled at the specialized Alzheimer’s centers in Predictors 2. The observed survival and need for FTC followed the L-GoM model trajectories in individuals with MCI or AD, except for N = 32 subjects who were initially diagnosed with AD but reverted to a non-AD diagnosis on follow-up.

Conclusion:

These findings indicate that the L-GoM model is applicable to community-dwelling, multiethnic older adults with AD. They extend the use of the model to the prediction of outcomes for MCI. They also justify release of our L-GoM calculator at this time.
Reference Data for Attentional, Executive, Linguistic, and Visual Processing Tests Obtained from Cognitively Healthy Individuals with Normal Alzheimer’s Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Levels
Authors: López-Martos David , Brugulat-Serrat Anna , Cañas-Martínez Alba , Canals-Gispert Lidia , Marne Paula , Gramunt Nina , Suárez-Calvet Marc , Milà-Alomà Marta , Minguillon Carolina , Fauria Karine , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Gispert Juan Domingo , Molinuevo José Luis , Grau-Rivera Oriol , Sánchez-Benavides Gonzalo ,   for the ALFA study
Published: July 2023

Background:

Conventional neuropsychological norms likely include cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals with preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology (amyloid-β, tau, and neurodegeneration) since they are based on cohorts without AD biomarkers data. Due to this limitation, population-based norms would lack sensitivity for detecting subtle cognitive decline due to AD, the transitional stage between healthy cognition and mild cognitive impairment. We have recently published norms for memory tests in individuals with normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarker levels.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to provide further AD biomarker-based cognitive references covering attentional, executive function, linguistic, and visual processing tests.

Methods:

We analyzed 248 CU individuals aged between 50–70 years old with normal CSF Aβ, p-tau, and neurodegeneration (t-tau) biomarker levels. The tests included were the Trail Making Test (TMT), Semantic Fluency Test, Digit and Symbol Span, Coding, Matrix Reasoning, Judgement of Line Orientation and Visual Puzzles. Normative data were developed based on regression models adjusted for age, education, and sex when needed. We present equations to calculate z-scores, the corresponding normative percentile tables, and online calculators.

Results:

Age, education, and sex were associated with performance in all tests, except education for the TMT-A, and sex for the TMT-B, Coding, and Semantic Fluency. Cut-offs derived from the current biomarker-based reference data were higher and more sensitive than standard norms.

Conclusion:

We developed reference data obtained from individuals with evidence of non-pathologic AD biomarker levels that may improve the objective characterization of subtle cognitive decline in preclinical AD.
Decoupling of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Function Along the Alzheimer’s Disease Continuum
Authors: Li Jixuan , Zeng Qingze , Luo Xiao , Li Kaicheng , Liu Xiaocao , Hong Luwei , Zhang Xinyi , Zhong Siyan , Qiu Tiantian , Liu Zhirong , Chen Yanxing , Huang Peiyu , Zhang Minming ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2023

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is accompanied with impaired neurovascular coupling. However, its early alteration remains elusive along the AD continuum.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the early disruption of neurovascular coupling in cognitively normal (CN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) elderly and its association with cognition and AD pathologies.

Methods:

We included 43 amyloid-β-negative CN participants and 38 amyloid-β-positive individuals (18 CN and 20 MCI) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) map was used to represent neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF) map was used to represent cerebral blood perfusion. Neurovascular coupling was assessed by CBF/ReHo ratio at the voxel level. Analyses of covariance to detect the between-group differences and to further investigate the relations between CBF/ReHo ratio and AD biomarkers or cognition. In addition, the correlation of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) burden and neurovascular coupling was assessed as well.

Results:

Related to amyloid-β-negative CN group, amyloid-β-positive groups showed decreased CBF/ReHo ratio mainly in the left medial and inferior temporal gyrus. Furthermore, lower CBF/ReHo ratio was associated with a lower Mini-Mental State Examination score as well as higher AD pathological burden. No association between CBF/ReHo ratio and SVD burden was observed.

Conclusion:

AD pathology is a major correlate of the disturbed neurovascular coupling along the AD continuum, independent of SVD pathology. The CBF/ReHo ratio may be an index for detecting neurovascular coupling abnormalities, which could be used for early diagnosis in the future.
МЕТОДИЧНИЙ АПАРАТ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ВНУТРІШНІХ РИЗИКІВ ПІД ЧАС ПЛАНУВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ В ОРГАНАХ ОХОРОНИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО КОРДОНУ
Authors: ЯКУБОВСЬКИЙ Віктор
Published: July 2023

За результатами аналізу зроблено висновок, що під час підготовки та прийняття управлінських рішень, які пов’язані з моделюванням процесів, що відбуваються в органі охорони державного кордону, класичні засоби оцінювання внутрішніх ризиків не можуть бути адекватно застосовані. У статті запропоновано методичний апарат оцінювання внутрішніх ризиків під час планування процесів в органах охорони державного кордону, в основу якого покладено технологію, що базується на нечітко-множинному підході. Саме цей підхід надасть начальнику органу охорони державного кордону та його органам управління засоби обробки якісних вербальних тверджень стосовно внутрішніх ризиків, які мають місце в процесах, що плануються. Запропонований методичний апарат включає низку етапів і процедур, основними з яких є: побудова формальної моделі показників невизначеності, вибір значень лінгвістичних змінних, визначення набору ієрархічних систем показників, визначення пріоритетів, ваги та значимості показників, класифікація значень показників, ідентифікація значень системи первинних показників та системи контрольних показників, розрахунок кількісних значень можливостей і ризиків, визначення ступеня часткових, цільових та інтегральних ризиків та можливостей, визначення порівняльних показників. Для визначення цільових показників у дослідженні використано концепцію потрійного обмеження “результат – час – ресурси”. Показники другого рівня ієрархії є сукупністю значущих показників, що відображають специфіку процесу, який досліджується. Показники третього ієрархічного рівня сформовані системою первинних показників, на підставі яких формуються значення системи контрольних показників. Для обґрунтування рішення щодо запровадження процесу, що реалізується в органі охорони державного кордону, як критерій відбору у дослідженні введено категорію “потенціал процесу”, що визначається за результатами оцінки можливостей та ризиків шляхом їх зіставлення. Позитивне значення потенціалу свідчить про можливість і доцільність здійснення процесу, і навпаки – негативне значення потенціалу свідчить про необхідність проведення додаткового аналізу, за результатами якого приймається відповідне управлінське рішення. Запропонований методичний апарат дозволяє отримати кількісні значення ризиків і можливостей процесів, що реалізуються в ООДК. Якщо показники виражені не тільки у кількісній, а й у якісній формі, то можна зробити висновок (припущення) про успішність того або іншого процесу.
A Nyugat-Balkán transznacionális biztonságpolitikai kihívásai
Authors: Lőrinczné Bencze Edit
Published: July 2023

A tanulmány célja a Nyugat-Balkán közös történelmi öröksége egy aspektusának, a szervezett bűnözésnek a bemutatása. A régió geopolitikai elhelyezkedése, a Jugoszlávia felbomlását követő háború és hanyatlás, az elmaradott szociális és gazdasági viszonyok, a demokrácia hiányai, a jogállamiság terén szükséges reformok biztonságpolitikai szempontból sebezhetővé tették a régiót. A térségnek szembe kell néznie mind a régi, mind az új transznacionális biztonságpolitikai kihívásokkal, úgymint az illegális migráció, a határbiztonság, a szervezett bűnözés, a korrupció, a radikalizálódás, az erőszakos extrémizmus, a kiberfenyegetettség, a dezinformáció, a természeti és emberek által előidézett katasztrófák. Mindegyik kockázati tényező többdimenziós, holisztikus és erősen koordinált megoldást igényel. A tanulmány célja a transznacionális szervezett bűnözés, az úgynevezett balkáni út gyökereinek bemutatása, fejlődésének ábrázolása és a hatékony válaszadás körüljárása.
Szerbia szomszédságpolitikája
Authors: Pintér Attila
Published: July 2023

Szerbia közvetlen szomszédságában az EU és a NATO folyamatos bővítésének köszönhetően az elmúlt két évtizedben jelentős változások történtek, ezáltal a térség stabilabbá és biztonságosabbá vált. Belgrád az elmúlt évtizedben arra törekedett, hogy a térségben stabilizáló tényezőként tűnjön fel, ennek keretében igyekezett előmozdítani és támogatni különböző regionális kezdeményezéseket. 2015–2019 között elsősorban Bulgária és Románia irányában fejtett ki komolyabb aktivitást, majd 2019-tőlAlbánia és Észak-Macedónia felé közeledett. Térségbeli stabilizáló tényező szerepét előmozdítandó Szerbia igyekezett érdemi lépéseket tenni a koronavírus-járvány egyik következményeként létrejött „vakcinadiplomácia” területén. Ennek köszönhetően megerősítette térségbeli vezető szerepét.
СТРАТЕГІЧНИЙ МАРКЕТИНГ У ВОЄННИЙ ТА ПІСЛЯВОЄННИЙ ЧАС
Authors: Пачева Наталія , Лутай Лариса
Published: July 2023

У статті розкрито сутність поняття «стратегічний маркетинг», розглянуто процес, визначено місце і значення стратегічного маркетингу в умовах війни та післявоєнний період. Доведено, що реалізація сучасної парадигми маркетингу відбувається шляхом впровадження концепції стратегічного маркетингу. Встановлено, що на початку повномасштабної війни звичні підходи до маркетингу втратили свій резон, а більшість компаній/підприємств стали безпорадними та не готовими до невизначеності та хаосу, що спіткали Україну. Доведено, що застосування концепції стратегічного маркетингу має орієнтувати підприємство на формування системи моніторингу та аналізу середовища існування, підвищення адаптаційних здібностей компанії до змін зовнішнього середовища і системний перегляд бізнес-портфеля з огляду на зміни загальної стратегії розвитку.
PENGARUH PIJAT OKSITOSIN DENGAN AROMATERAPI EKSTRAK KULIT JERUK NIPIS TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI ASI PASCA BEDAH SESAR
Authors: Delvina Visti , Meliani Yensi
Published: July 2023

Permasalahan pengeluaran ASI dini merupakan alasan para ibu tidak memberikan ASI yang akan berdampak buruk untuk kehidupan bayi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Pijat Oksitosin dengan Aromaterapy Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Nipis terhadap peningkatan Produksi ASI pada ibu Pasca bedah sesar di RSUD Arosuka kabupaten solok tahun 2018. Populasi penelitian ini 20 orang ibu pasca bedah sesar.Sampel diambil dengan teknik Accidental sampling. Data di analisis secara univariat dan bivariat untuk mengetahui pengaruh pijat oksitosin menggunakan aromaterapi ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis terhadap peningkatan produksi ASI pada ibu pasca bedah sesar, yang di nilai dari frekuensi bayi BAK bayi dengan menggunakan uji Independent-Sample-T-Test. Hasil analisis univariat diketahui Frekuensi BAK bayi meningkat menjadi lebih sering (7,3 kali) setelah diintervensi pijat oksitosin dengan aromaterapy ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis, dan frekuensi BAK bayi rerara 5 kali dengan ibu yang tidak dilakukan intervensi . Hasil analisa bivariat diketahui ada hubungan yang signifikan dengan p value sebesar 0,022. Disimpulkan bahwa ada Pengaruh Pijat Oksitosin dengan Aromaterapy ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis terhadap peningkatan produksi ASI pada ibu pasca bedah sesar diruang kebidanan RSUD Arosuka Kabupaten solok tahun 2018. Petugas diharapkan untuk menerapkan Pijat Oksitosin dengan Aromaterapy ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis pada ibu nifas untuk membantu memperlancar produksi ASI.
Effectiveness of eight or more antenatal contacts on health facility delivery and early postnatal care in low- and middle-income countries: a propensity score matching
Authors: Chilot Dagmawi , Aragaw Fantu Mamo , Belay Daniel Gashaneh , Asratie Melaku Hunie , Merid Mehari Woldemariam , Kibret Anteneh Ayelign , Teshager Nahom Worku , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke
Published: July 2023

Background

Despite progress in reducing maternal and child mortality, many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) still experience an unacceptably high level of the problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently recommended pregnant women should have at least eight antenatal care visits (ANC8+) with a trained healthcare provider as a key strategy to promote pregnant women's health. Antenatal care is an imperative factor for subsequent maternal healthcare utilization such as health facility delivery and early postnatal care (EPNC). This study aimed to examine the net impact of ANC8+ visits on health facility delivery and EPNC in LMICs using a propensity score matching analysis.

Methods

We used the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) datasets from 19 LMICs. Women of reproductive age (15–49 years) who had given birth within 1 year preceding the survey were included. A propensity score matching analysis was employed to assess the net impact of eight or more antenatal care visits on health facility delivery and early postnatal care.

Result

After matching the covariates, women who attended ANC8+ visits had a 14% (ATT = 0.14) higher chance of having their delivery at health facilities compared with women who attended less than eight ANC visits. This study further revealed that women who had ANC8+ visits were associated with a 10% (ATT = 0.10) higher probability of early PNC compared with their counterparts.

Conclusion and recommendation

This study confirmed that ANC8+ visits significantly increased the likelihood of health facility-based delivery and early PNC utilization in LMICs. These findings call for public health programs to focus on pregnant women attending adequate ANC visits (according to revised WHO recommendation) as our study indicates that ANC8+ visits significantly improved the chances of subsequent care.