bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Inhibitory Mechanism of Polyphenol Extracts from Multi-Frequency Power Ultrasound-Pretreated Rose Flower Against α-Glucosidase
Authors: Zhang Chao , Feng Ming , Chitrakar Bimal , Yang Fan , Wei Benxi , Wang Bo , Zhou Cunshan , Ma Haile , Gao Xianli , Xu Baoguo
Published: October 2024

This paper explored the in vitro inhibitory mechanism of polyphenol-rich rose extracts (REs) from an edible rose flower against α-glucosidase using multispectral and molecular docking techniques. Results showed that REs had an inhibitory effect on α-Glu activity (IC50 of 1.96 μg/mL); specifically, the samples pretreated by tri-frequency ultrasound (20/40/60 kHz) exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) stronger inhibitory effect on α-Glu activity with an IC50 of 1.33 μg/mL. The Lineweaver–Burk assay indicated that REs were mixed-type inhibitors and could statically quench the endogenous fluorescence of α-Glu. REs increased the chance of polypeptide chain misfolding by altering the microenvironment around tryptophan and tyrosine residues and disrupting the natural conformation of the enzyme. Molecular docking results showed that polyhydroxy phenolics had a high fit to the active site of α-Glu, so REs with high polymerization and numerous phenolic hydroxyl groups had a stronger inhibitory effect. Therefore, this study provides new insights into polyphenol-rich REs as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors.
Looking for Typical Traits in Monovarietal VOOs According to Their Phenolic Composition
Authors: Molinu Maria Giovanna , Deiana Pierfrancesco , Dettori Sandro , Mercenaro Luca , Nieddu Giovanni , Dore Antonio , Culeddu Nicola , Santona Mario
Published: October 2024

Due to its high sensitivity to numerous variability sources, it is hard to define the typicity of a monovarietal virgin olive oil (VOO) according to its phenolic profile. In this study, we aimed to identify the features of phenolic composition that are persistent and minimally affected by variability sources, making them potential varietal markers. We separately analyzed three databases of monovarietal VOO phenolic compositions, determined by liquid chromatography, from three different cultivars. The first database was produced from the original data of the Bosana cultivar. The other two were obtained through a systematic analysis of scientific literature on Coratina and Frantoio cultivars. Several statistical tools, including coefficient of variability, correlations, and linear regression models, were used to find recurring proportions or ratios unaffected by variability sources suitable to define typical varietal traits. Some proportions between molecules, mostly within the same phenolic class, remain constant. Strong correlations between (i) flavonoids were observed in Bosana and Frantoio VOOs (R2 = 0.87 and 0.77, respectively), (ii) oleacein-oleocanthal (Bosana, R2 = 0.81) (iii) oleuropein aglycon-ligstroside aglycon (Frantoio, R2 = 0.88), and (iv) lignans (Coratina, R2 = 0.84). These traits could be useful tools for defining the typicity of monovarietal VOOs.
Characteristics of Polysaccharides from Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Kernels
Authors: Wei Ping , Tang Yayuan , Zhou Kui , Wei Zhen , Liu Guoming
Published: October 2024

Polysaccharides from hemp seeds exhibit antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo. However, crude polysaccharide quality is often low owing to the presence of fibres and pigment impurities, which are difficult to eliminate in the hemp seed shell. In this study, crude polysaccharides from hemp kernels (HKP) were obtained by hot water extraction and separated by membrane ultrafiltration into eight fractions with different molecular weights. Total antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging (DPPH) assays were performed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of HKP and the fractions in vitro. The structural characteristics of HKP were determined using various analytical techniques. The Fe3+-reducing power of HKP was 7.65 ± 0.22 μmol/g, and HKP possessed the highest DPPH radical-scavenging rates (94.30 ± 2.27%), similar to 5 mg/mL Vitamin C (Vc), which had a rate of 95%. The HKP was an acidic polysaccharide with a low molecular weight (4.21 ± 0.12 kDa). The monosaccharide composition indicated that HKP primarily comprised mannose, ribose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, and fucose in a molar ratio of 0.96:1.95:8.27:0.98:9.46:1.69:6.10:2.82. The molar mass of HKP was distributed widely in a triple helical conformation. This study provides a scientific basis for further research on the use of hemp polysaccharides.
Combined Analysis of Grade Differences in Lapsang Souchong Black Tea Using Sensory Evaluation, Electronic Nose, and HS-SPME-GC-MS, Based on Chinese National Standards
Authors: Pang Xiaomin , Yan Zi , Zou Jishuang , Miao Pengyao , Cheng Weiting , Zhou Zewei , Ye Jianghua , Wang Haibin , Jia Xiaoli , Li Yuanping , Zhang Qi
Published: October 2024

Tea standard samples are the benchmark for tea product quality control. Understanding the inherent differences in Chinese national standards for Lapsang Souchong black tea of different grades is crucial for the scientific development of tea standardization work. In this study, Lapsang Souchong black tea of different grades that meet Chinese national standards was selected as the research object. The aroma characteristics were comprehensively analyzed through sensory evaluation, electronic nose, and HS-SPME-GC-MS (headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry). The findings indicate that the higher-grade Lapsang Souchong has a higher evaluation score. The results of electronic nose analysis indicate that the volatiles with differences in tea of different grades were mainly terpenoids and nitrogen oxides. The results of HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis show that the odor characteristics of the super-grade samples are mainly floral and fruity, and these substances mainly include D-Limonene, 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol and 3-Hydroxymandelic acid, and ethyl ester. The primary aroma characteristics of the first-grade samples are floral, sweet, woody, and green, with key contributing compounds including 2-Furanmethanol, 1-Octen-3-ol, and 5-ethenyltetrahydro-α,α,5-trimethyl-cis-, 4,5-di-epi-aristolochene. The main aroma characteristics of the second-grade samples are green, herbal scent, and fruity, and the main substances include 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol, 2,3-dimethylthiophene, Dihydroactinidiolide, and Naphthalene-1-methyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-. It is worth noting that the second-grade samples contain a large amount of phenolic substances, which are related to the smoking process during processing. This study lays a solid foundation for the preparation of tea standard samples and the construction of the tea standard system.
Influence of Sporulation Temperature on Germination and Growth of B. weihenstephanensis Strains in Specific Nutrients and in an Extended Shelf-Life Refrigerated Matrix Under Commercial Pasteurization and Storage Conditions
Authors: Freire Víctor , Casañas Lina , Laborda Luis , Condón Santiago , Gayán Elisa
Published: October 2024

Extended shelf-life (ESL) refrigerated ready-to-eat foods are thermally pasteurized to ensure food safety and stability. However, surviving psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus spores can still pose a challenge. Studies predicting their behavior often overlook sporulation conditions. This study investigated the effect of sporulation temperature on germination of three Bacillus weihenstephanensis strains in specific nutrients (inosine and/or amino acids) with or without prior heat activation (80 °C, 10 min). Sporulation temperature variably affected germination, with stronger effects in moderately responsive strains and nutrients. Heat activation strongly stimulated germination, particularly in nutrients with poorer responses, mitigating differences induced by sporulation temperature. The influence of sporulation temperature on germination and growth in an ESL matrix at refrigeration temperatures (4 °C or 8 °C) in vacuum packaging after heat activation or commercial pasteurization (90 °C, 10 min) was also studied. The latter treatment increased germination rates of surviving spores; however, some strains suffered damage and lost viability upon germination at 4 °C but recovered and grew at 8 °C. These findings highlight the need to account for variability in spore recovery and outgrowth during quantitative risk assessments for psychrotrophic B. cereus in ESL foods.
Identification and Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Vaccinium uliginosum L. and Its Lipid-Lowering Activity In Vitro
Authors: Zhang Ying , Dong Wenjiang , Zhao Manjun , Zhang Jiyue , Li Li , Ma Yan , Meng Xianjun , Wang Yuehua
Published: October 2024

Vaccinium uliginosum L. (VU), rich in polyphenols, is an important wild berry resource primarily distributed in extremely cold regions. However, the detailed composition of Vaccinium uliginosum L. polyphenols (VUPs) has not been reported, which limits the development and utilization of VU. In this study, VU-free polyphenols (VUFPs) and VU-bound polyphenols (VUBPs) were, respectively, extracted using an ultrasonic, complex enzyme and alkali extraction method; the compositions were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and lipid-lowering activity in vitro was evaluated. The results showed that 885 polyphenols and 47 anthocyanins were detected in the VUFPs and VUBPs, and 30 anthocyanin monomers were firstly detected in VU. Compared with the model group, the accumulation of lipid droplets and the total cholesterol and triglyceride contents in the high-concentration VUP group reduced by 36.95%, 65.82%, and 62.43%, respectively, and liver damage was also alleviated. It was also found that VUP can regulate the level of Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1, a new target for lipid lowering. In summary, this study provides a detailed report on VUP for the first time, confirming that VUP has lipid-lowering potential in vitro. These findings suggest new strategies and theoretical support for the development and utilization of VU, especially in the field of functional foods.
Fermented By-Products of Banana Wine Production Improve Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, and Flavor Fingerprint of Domestic Chicken
Authors: Li Zhichun , He Xuemei , Tang Yayuan , Yi Ping , Yang Ying , Li Jiemin , Ling Dongning , Chen Bojie , Khoo Hock Eng , Sun Jian
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to compare the effects of incorporating fermented feed into daily diets on the slaughter performance, meat quality, and flavor compounds of 120 domestic chickens over a 140-day period. A total of five groups (n = 24), including the control group (CK) of the Guangxi Partridge chickens received a standard base diet. The other four groups were provided with pellets that had been added with 10% fermented banana peel (Pe-10), 20% fermented banana peel (Pe-20), 10% fermented banana pulp residue (Pu-10), and 20% fermented banana pulp residue (Pu-20). The flavor compounds in the meat samples of the chickens in these groups were determined using the gas chromatographic method. The results demonstrated that the chickens in the Pe-10, Pe-20, Pu-10, and Pu-20 groups exhibited pectoral muscle percentages, thigh muscle percentages, and total fatty acid content of chest meat that were higher than those observed in the CK group. The moisture content, meat color, carcass weight, total net weight, and abdominal fat percentage of the meat samples in these experimental groups exhibited no notable differences. The flavor compounds in the meat samples of the chickens fed with the two concentrations of fermented banana peel and banana residue were found to be significantly different from those in the control group, with p-values less than 0.05. As the quantity of fermented banana peel incorporated into the daily ration was increased from 10% to 20%, a notable alteration in the flavor compounds present in the chicken samples was observed. The chickens that were provided with fermented banana peels and pulps in their diets exhibited superior slaughter performance and meat quality, particularly in the case of the Pu-10 group, in comparison to the control chickens.
Valorization of Potato Peels (Solanum tuberosum) Using Infrared-Assisted Extraction: A Novel Sprouting Suppressant and Antibacterial Agent
Authors: Helmi Layan , Al Khatib Alissar , Rajha Hiba N. , Debs Espérance , Jammoul Adla , Louka Nicolas , El Darra Nada
Published: October 2024

Recently, there has been a growing interest in reducing waste to promote environmental sustainability, with particular focus on agricultural by-products, especially fruits and vegetables. Potato, a widely used crop across various industries, generates a significant amount of peel waste. This study aims to valorize potato peels using water bath extraction (WBE) and infrared-assisted extraction (IRAE), both with distilled water as the solvent, followed by assessments of antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-sprouting activities. Optimization using response surface methodology identified optimal extraction conditions for WBE (90 °C for 70 min) and IRAE (80 °C for 10 min), with both methods yielding 3.5 mg GAE/g DM in polyphenol content. IRAE demonstrated superior energy efficiency and enhanced antioxidant activity. The extracts exhibited antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative bacteria (Proteus sp. and Salmonella sp.), with inhibition zones ranging from 10 to 14 mm. Furthermore, the potato peels extract showed significant anti-sprouting effects at room temperature, reducing both the number and size of sprouts compared with the control. HPLC analysis showed the presence of different phenolic compounds such as rutin, catechin, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, and gallic acid in one or both extracts. These findings suggest that potato peels extract holds potential for applications in the food industry as a natural preservative due to its antioxidant properties, as well as a sprout suppressant. The antibacterial activity of the extracts suggests their potential as a natural preservative as well, offering protection against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that may be present in food.
High-Temperature Behavior of Pd/MgO Catalysts Prepared via Various Sol–Gel Approaches
Authors: Veselov Grigory B. , Shivtsov Danil M. , Ilyina Ekaterina V. , Stoyanovskii Vladimir O. , Bukhtiyarov Andrey V. , Vedyagin Aleksey A.
Published: October 2024

A series of Pd/MgO catalysts based on nanocrystalline MgO were prepared via different sol–gel approaches. In the first two cases, palladium was introduced during the gel preparation, followed by drying it in supercritical or ambient conditions. In the third case, aerogel-prepared MgO was impregnated with an ethanol solution of Pd(NO3)2. The prepared catalysts differ in particle size and oxidation state of palladium. The catalytic performance and thermal stability of the samples were examined in a model reaction of CO oxidation at prompt thermal aging conditions. The as-prepared and aged materials were characterized by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and ethane hydrogenolysis testing reaction. The highest initial activity (T50 = 103 °C) was demonstrated by the impregnated sample, containing Pd0 particles of 3 nm in size. The lowest T50 value (215 °C) after aging at 1000 °C was demonstrated by the impregnated Pd/MgO-WI sample. The high-temperature behavior of the catalysts was found to be affected by the initial oxidation state and dispersion of Pd. Two deactivation mechanisms, such as the agglomeration of Pd particles and migration of small Pd species into the bulk of the MgO support with the formation of Pd-MgO solid solutions, were discussed.
Burnout in Assisted Reproduction Professionals: The Influence of Stressors in the Workplace
Authors: Urteaga Raquel , Díaz Amelia
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Most of the research in assisted reproduction has focused on the stressful situation experienced by women or couples looking for a desired pregnancy; however, the stress experienced by assisted reproduction professional teams is seldom studied. The present study aims to evaluate burnout and its relationship with workplace stressors among assisted reproduction professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to conduct an online self-assessment national survey, sent to all members of the Spanish Association for Fertility. The questionnaire contained sociodemographic and occupational questions about stressors in the workplace and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) to assess the three subscales of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Results: The percentages showing high emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in the whole sample were 41.8% and 43.2%, respectively. Additionally, low personal accomplishment was displayed in 42.6% of the respondents. Embryologists stand out for presenting the highest percentages of burnout (emotional exhaustion = 72.1%; depersonalization = 48.1%; low personal accomplishment = 48.1%), whilst psychologists showed the lowest percentages in high emotional exhaustion (32.3%) and depersonalization (24%), and gynecologists in low personal accomplishment (28.5%). Working under pressure was the stressor most experienced by the sample (76.6%) and the one that better predicted the three subscales of burnout. Conclusions: This study highlights the close relationship between high levels of burnout and workplace stressors and shows the need to reduce workplace stressors to improve the well-being of professionals working in assisted reproduction, and, consequently, that of the patients they look after.
Effectiveness of Local Glucocorticoid Infiltration Versus Traditional Gauze Bandaging for the Treatment of Onychocryptosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: García-Martínez María Teresa , Martínez-Nova Alfonso , Fernández-Gómez Angélica María , Blasco José-María , Vilchez-Márquez Francisco , García-Gomariz Carmen
Published: October 2024

Background/objectives: Local intralesional corticosteroid injections into the periungual fold are used to treat patients with onychocryptosis, but their short- or medium-term effects are unknown. The goal was to compare the efficacy of this treatment in stages IIa, IIb, and III of the condition with a common conservative method such as gauze bandaging. Methods: A two-arm randomized trial with 40 patients with stage IIa, IIb, and III onychocryptosis equally assigned into two treatment groups—control (spiculotomy and application of gauze bandaging) and experimental group (spiculotomy and infiltration of corticosteroid)—was performed. Anthropometric data, initial clinical status, pain, and inflammatory measures were collected before and at least one month after the intervention. Results: Pain reduction was higher in the experimental group (5.5 vs. 4.8 points) but with no significant differences (p = 0.306).Corticosteroids significantly reduced inflammation over gauze bandaging (1.9 vs. 1) with significant differences between them (p = 0.029). Conclusions: Corticosteroid infiltration was more effective than gauze bandaging application in reducing inflammation in patients with onychocryptosis, with similar effects on pain. These findings support the clinical importance of corticosteroid treatment for this condition, although a single infiltration may not be sufficient to prevent relapses.
Effects of a Six-Month Physical Activity Program on Health Risk Factors and Body Composition Among Overweight and Obese Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Białkowski Artur , Soszyński Piotr , Pinkas Jarosław , Ostrowski Janusz , Religioni Urszula
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Physical activity is vital for preventing and managing lifestyle-related diseases, which pose significant health and socio-economic challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a six-month supervised physical activity program on health risk factors and body composition in middle-aged individuals with overweight or obesity. Methods. The study involved 166 men and women aged 30 to 65 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 26 to 35 and moderate to severe health risks. Participants of the study were engaged in a six-month physical activity training program designed in accordance with World Health Organization guidelines. Comprehensive assessments were performed at baseline and after the intervention, including measurements of various anthropometric and body composition parameters, as well as evaluations of functional performance. Fitness tests were also conducted to assess participants’ physical capacity and to monitor improvements throughout the training period. Results. Baseline measures of body mass composition and age demonstrated a strong positive correlation with visceral fat rating (VFR) in both men (r = 0.364, p < 0.001) and women (r = 0.420, p = 0.002). Following the six-month training program, participants exhibited an average improvement of 30% (p < 0.001) in their Cooper endurance test results. The physical activity intervention positively impacted body mass index (BMI) and various body composition metrics, including fat mass, VFR, and muscle mass, across all participants and most subgroups (gender, BMI, and age). In males, training at higher maximum heart rate (HRmax) zones significantly contributed to a reduction in the percentage of fat mass (80–89% HRmax) and an increase in the percentage of muscle mass (70–79% and 80–89% HRmax). Conclusions. The study indicates that a six-month supervised physical activity program significantly improves health risk factors and body composition (visceral fat reduction and improvement in percent of fat and muscle mass) among middle-aged individuals with overweight or obesity. Therefore, we advocate for the integration of structured physical activity interventions into healthcare practices to effectively enhance health outcomes in this population.
Post-Exercise Syncope in a Previously Healthy 67-Year-Old Man: The Bezold–Jarisch Reflex and the Role of Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction
Authors: Sušić Livija , Vidosavljević Marina , Burić Marko , Burić Antonio , Maričić Lana
Published: October 2024

A 67-year-old man started treatment due to frequent asymptomatic premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) accidentally being registered during a preventive examination by a specialist, because of which he was referred to cardiologist. During the initial 24-hour (h) ECG monitoring, 4.5% PVCs and one episode of asymptomatic non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) with three PVCs in row, at a frequency of 150 beats per minute (bpm), were detected. After the introduction of beta blockers into therapy, a lower number of PVCs, without NSVT, were recorded in the control 24 h Holter ECG, while transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function without cardiomyopathy. So, an exercise test was indicated, and it was interrupted in the third minute at 120 beats per minute (bpm) due to fatigue and pain in the hips, without malignant arrhythmias, angina or dyspneic complaints. During the rest period, a significant inferolateral depression of the ST junction was observed, which recovered in the ninth minute. Immediately after the ECG monitoring stopped, the patient lost consciousness; his pulse was not palpable, but breathing was audible, so cardiac massage was started. After he had regained consciousness, the ECG showed alternating sinus and junctional rhythm with the lowest frequency of 33 bpm, which was accompanied by marked hypotension (80/50 mmHg). The patient was immediately hospitalized; coronary angiography and repeated TTE were completely normal, while continuous ECG monitoring did not confirm malignant rhythm disorders or asystole. It was concluded that it was vasovagal syncope (VVS), most likely caused by the Bezold–Jarisch reflex (BJR).
Determining Differences in the Association Between Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Stroke Outcomes by Treatment Received
Authors: Lopez Ana , Wang Jing , Prashant Manasi , Johansen Michelle C.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Whether the association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic stroke (IS) outcomes differs by IS treatment type is unknown. We hypothesize that patients with IS who have AF will have a worse NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score than non-AF, with differences by IS treatment type. Methods: Patients with, and without AF admitted to Johns Hopkins (2020–2023) with confirmed IS and complete covariates were eligible for inclusion. Consecutive patients either received acute IS treatment (intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IVtPA), mechanical thrombectomy (MT), or both) or did not receive treatment (2:1 ratio). Multivariable regression models were used to determine the association between AF and discharge NIHSS, or 90-day mRS, separately, with interaction terms for IS treatment type as appropriate. Results: Among 353 IS patients (mean age 69 years, 52.1% female, 54.7% Black), 62 received IVtPA only, 66 received IVtPA then MT, 108 received MT only, and 117 were not treated. Patients with AF (N = 152) were, on average, 11 years older and had more comorbidities than non-AF. AF was associated with higher odds of an NIHSS > 5, even after adjusting for demographics and comorbidities (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.29–3.40). AF increased the odds of a worse 90-day mRS (Ordinal OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.03–2.64). The association between AF and NIHSS differed by whether MT was received (p-interaction 0.037), but not by IVtPA (p-interaction 0.105). AF and 90-day mRS differed by whether MT was received (p-interaction 0.020), but not by IVtPA (p-interaction 0.139). Patients with AF who did not receive MT had a worse NIHSS (OR 4.24, 95% CI 1.38–13.00) and 90-day mRS (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.30–1.97) compared to non-AF. The individual effect estimates were not significant for those treated with MT when comparing AF to non-AF. Conclusions: The association between AF (vs non-AF) and both NIHSS and 90-day mRS differed by whether MT was received, but not by IVtPA. Patients with AF who did not receive MT had more severe strokes and worse outcomes than non-AF. These findings suggest that while AF is typically linked to more severe strokes, not receiving MT when eligible is particularly detrimental. Receipt of IVtPA did not appear to make a difference, possibly due to treatment contraindications and delays among those with AF.
Circadian Regulation of Lipid Metabolism during Pregnancy
Authors: Luo Yujie , Meng Xinhang , Cui Liyuan , Wang Songcun
Published: October 2024

A cluster of metabolic changes occur to provide energy for fetal growth and development during pregnancy. There is a burgeoning body of research highlighting the pivotal role of circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders and lipid homeostasis in mammals. Perturbations of the circadian system and lipid metabolism during gestation might be responsible for a variety of adverse reproductive outcomes comprising miscarriage, gestational diabetes mellitus, and preeclampsia. Growing studies have confirmed that resynchronizing circadian rhythms might alleviate metabolic disturbance. However, there is no clear evidence regarding the specific mechanisms by which the diurnal rhythm regulates lipid metabolism during pregnancy. In this review, we summarize previous knowledge on the strong interaction among the circadian clock, lipid metabolism, and pregnancy. Analyzing the circadian clock genes will improve our understanding of how circadian rhythms are implicated in complex lipid metabolic disorders during pregnancy. Exploring the potential of resynchronizing these circadian rhythms to disrupt abnormal lipid metabolism could also result in a breakthrough in reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Combining Phototherapy and Gold-Based Nanomaterials: A Breakthrough in Basal Cell Carcinoma Treatment
Authors: Baioco Karolyne Silva , Pereira Raquel , Ferreira-Gonçalves Tânia , Coelho João M. P. , Gaspar Maria Manuela , Reis Catarina Pinto
Published: October 2024

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin carcinoma worldwide. BCC development is the result of a complex interaction between environmental, phenotypic, and genetic factors. While conventional treatments such as surgery and topical therapies have demonstrated variable efficacy (some of them with limited efficacy), they are not free of adverse side effects, most of them debilitating. Thus, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding alternative and non-invasive therapeutic options. This review aims to address this gap, exploring the potential of photothermal therapy (PTT) combined with metallic nanoparticles, namely gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), as a minimally invasive treatment approach. Through a comprehensive review of the literature in the period from 2014 to 2024, using experimental investigations, this review seeks to elucidate the intricate interplay between genetic factors, environmental influences, and the tumor microenvironment in BCC disease progression, with PTT as a potential therapeutic strategy. Those studies confirmed an enhanced targeting of cancer cells and selective ablation of tumor tissue, using emerging technologies like PTT. A significant tumor reduction, often exceeding 50%, was observed, with some studies reporting complete elimination of the tumor. The main adverse effects noted were localized skin irritation and transient hyperpigmentation, but these were generally minimal and manageable, highlighting the promise of PTT as an effective treatment. Thus, by leveraging the unique properties of AuNPs to enhance the effectiveness of PTT, the targeting of cancer cells can more precisely occur, reducing collateral damage to healthy tissues. This approach not only aims to achieve better clinical results, but also contributes to the broader knowledge base in the field of BCC research. Continued research and clinical trials will be crucial in refining those techniques and validating their efficacy, ultimately paving the way for more effective and less invasive treatments for BCC.
Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma May Prevent Oral Mucositis-Related Candidemia in Chemotherapy-Treated Rats
Authors: Sampaio Aline da Graça , Milhan Noala Vicensoto Moreira , do Nascimento Fellype , Kostov Konstantin Georgiev , Koga-Ito Cristiane Yumi
Published: October 2024

Oral mucositis associated with candidiasis can causes systemic candidemia, posing a risk to cancer patients administered antineoplastic therapy. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma jets (CAPPJs) have antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated the effects CAPPJs in preventing systemic fungal dissemination in a murine model of oral mucositis associated with candidiasis. Forty Wistar rats were divided into groups: CAPPJs (treated) and non-treated controls (for comparison), with subgroups subject to 24 and 72 h of treatment (n = 10 each). Four cycles of chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)) were administered, followed by oral inoculation of Candida albicans for 3 days. Mucosal damage was induced on the lateral side of tongue with 50% acetic acid. CAPPJ treatment was performed on the lesion for 5 min (2 days). Body weight was assessed daily. Fungal dissemination was conducted using organ macerates and plated on Sabouraud Agar with chloramphenicol. Blood samples were obtained for blood count tests. Chemotherapy affected the general health of the animals, as evidenced by body weight loss. Treatment with CAPPJs showed an inhibitory effect on C. albicans, with a significant reduction in fungal recovery from the tongue after 24 h (p < 0.05). Interestingly, systemic fungal dissemination was significantly reduced after 24 and 72 h of treatment when compared to control (p < 0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that CAPPJs have potential for clinical application in patients with oral mucositis at risk of candidemia.
A Comparison of Molecular Techniques for Improving the Methodology in the Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics
Authors: Peña-Martín María Celsa , Marcos-Vadillo Elena , García-Berrocal Belén , Heredero-Jung David Hansoe , García-Salgado María Jesús , Lorenzo-Hernández Sandra Milagros , Larrue Romain , Lenski Marie , Drevin Guillaume , Sanz Catalina , Isidoro-García María
Published: October 2024

One of the most critical goals in healthcare is safe and effective drug therapy, which is directly related to an individual’s response to treatment. Precision medicine can improve drug safety in many scenarios, including polypharmacy, and it requires the development of new genetic characterization methods. In this report, we use real-time PCR, microarray techniques, and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), which allows us to compare them and identify the potential benefits of technological improvements, leading to better quality medical care. These comparative studies, as part of our pharmacogenetic Five-Step Precision Medicine (5SPM) approach, reveal the superiority of mass spectrometry over the other methods analyzed and highlight the importance of updating the laboratory’s pharmacogenetic methodology to identify new variants with clinical impact.
Changes in Gut Microbial Composition and DNA Methylation in Obese Patients with NAFLD After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Agodi Antonella , Ojeda-Granados Claudia , Maugeri Andrea , Barchitta Martina , Coco Ornella , Pezzino Salvatore , Magro Gaetano , Greca Gaetano La , Latteri Francesco Saverio , Castorina Sergio , Puleo Stefano
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the effects of bariatric surgery on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by examining the interplay between gut microbiota, epigenetics, and metabolic health. A cohort of 22 patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (SG) was analyzed for changes in gut microbial composition and DNA methylation profiles before and six months after surgery. Correlations between gut microbial abundance and clinical markers at baseline revealed that certain genera were associated with worse metabolic health and liver markers. Following SG, significant improvements were observed in the clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters of the NAFLD patients. Although alpha-diversity indices (i.e., Chao1, Simpson, Shannon) did not show significant changes, beta-diversity analysis revealed a slight shift in microbial composition (PERMANOVA, p = 0.036). Differential abundance analysis identified significant changes in specific bacterial taxa, including an increase in beneficial Lactobacillus species such as Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus iners and a decrease in harmful taxa like Erysipelotrichia. Additionally, DNA methylation analysis revealed 609 significant differentially methylated CpG sites between the baseline values and six months post-surgery, with notable enrichment in genes related to the autophagy pathway, such as IRS4 and ATG4B. The results highlight the individualized responses to bariatric surgery and underscore the potential for personalized treatment strategies. In conclusion, integrating gut microbiota and epigenetic factors into NAFLD management could enhance treatment outcomes, suggesting that future research should explore microbiome-targeted therapies and long-term follow-ups on liver health post-surgery.
Enhanced ROS Production and Mitochondrial Metabolic Shifts in CD4+ T Cells of an Autoimmune Uveitis Model
Authors: Söth Ronja , Hoffmann Anne L. C. , Deeg Cornelia A.
Published: October 2024

Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a spontaneously occurring autoimmune disease and one of the leading causes of blindness in horses worldwide. Its similarities to autoimmune-mediated uveitis in humans make it a unique spontaneous animal model for this disease. Although many aspects of ERU pathogenesis have been elucidated, it remains not fully understood and requires further research. CD4+ T cells have been a particular focus of research. In a previous study, we showed metabolic alterations in CD4+ T cells from ERU cases, including an increased basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and elevated compensatory glycolysis. To further investigate the underlying reasons for and consequences of these metabolic changes, we quantified reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in CD4+ T cells from ERU cases and compared it to healthy controls, revealing significantly higher ROS production in ERU-affected horses. Additionally, we aimed to define mitochondrial fuel oxidation of glucose, glutamine, and long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and identified significant differences between CD4+ T cells from ERU cases and controls. CD4+ T cells from ERU cases showed a lower dependency on mitochondrial glucose oxidation and greater metabolic flexibility for the mitochondrial oxidation of glucose and LCFAs, indicating an enhanced ability to switch to alternative fuels when necessary.
Optimization of PCA Error Correction Conditions to Improve Efficiency of Virus Genome De Novo Synthesis
Authors: Cui Jiazhen , Hu Ao , Xiong Xianghua , Wang Qingyang , Zhu Chen , Chen Zhili , Lu Yuanyuan , Xia Xianzhu , Chen Huipeng , Liu Gang
Published: October 2024

In recent years, there have been frequent global outbreaks of viral epidemics such as Zika, COVID-19, and monkeypox, which have had a huge impact on human health and society and have also spurred innovation in virus engineering technology. The rise of synthetic virus genome technology has provided researchers with a new platform to accelerate vaccine and drug development. Although DNA synthesis technology has made significant progress, the current virus genome synthesis technology still requires the assembly of short oligonucleotides of around 60 bp into kb-level lengths when constructing long segments, a process in which the commonly used polymerase chain reaction assembly (PCA) technology has high error rates and is cumbersome to operate. This study optimized the error correction conditions after PCA assembly, increasing the accuracy of synthesizing 1 kb DNA fragments from 4.2 ± 2.1% before error correction to 31.3 ± 3.1% after two rounds of correction, an improvement of over 6 times. This study provides a more efficient operational process for synthesizing virus genomes from scratch, indicating greater potential for virus engineering in epidemic prevention and control and the field of biomedicine.
Seeing the Future of Lung Cancer Vaccination
Authors: Papavassiliou Kostas A. , Sofianidi Amalia A. , Gogou Vassiliki A. , Papavassiliou Athanasios G.
Published: October 2024

It has been nearly fifteen years since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first therapeutic cancer vaccine for solid tumors, namely Sipuleucel-T (Provenge®), marking a significant milestone in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer [...]
Time-Restricted Feeding Attenuates Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Fibrosis in Mice Under Chronic Light Exposure
Authors: Nah Jiyeon , Yun Narae , Yoo Hyunjin , Park Surin , Pae Munkyong
Published: October 2024

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has emerged as a promising dietary approach for improving metabolic parameters associated with obesity. However, it remains largely unclear whether TRF offers benefits for obesity related to exposure to light at night. This study examined whether lean and obese mice under chronic light exposure could benefit from TRF intervention. Six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed either a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet under a 12 h light/12 h dark cycle for 6 weeks. They were then divided into three subgroups: control light, chronic 24 h light, and chronic light with a daily 10 h TRF. Chronic light exposure led to increased weight gain and higher expression of inflammatory and fibrotic markers in the adipose tissue of both lean and obese mice. It also increased hepatic triglyceride content in mice, regardless of their weight status. TRF protected both lean and obese mice from weight gain, normalized inflammatory and fibrotic gene expression, and reduced adipose tissue collagen and liver triglyceride accumulation caused by light exposure alone or in combination with obesity. These results suggest that TRF could have clinical implications for preventing obesity associated with night shift work, regardless of current weight status.
Diverse Roles of the LINC Complex in Cellular Function and Disease in the Nervous System
Authors: Kuwako Ken-ichiro , Suzuki Sadafumi
Published: October 2024

The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, which spans the nuclear envelope, physically connects nuclear components to the cytoskeleton and plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes, including nuclear positioning, cell migration, and chromosomal configuration. Studies have revealed that the LINC complex is essential for different aspects of the nervous system, particularly during development. The significance of the LINC complex in neural lineage cells is further corroborated by the fact that mutations in genes associated with the LINC complex have been implicated in several neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we aimed to summarize the expanding knowledge of LINC complex-related neuronal functions and associated neurological diseases.
The Biological Roles of ZKSCAN3 (ZNF306) in the Hallmarks of Cancer: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics
Authors: Li Wenfang , Zhang Han , Xu Jianxiong , Maimaitijiang Ayitila , Su Zhengding , Fan Zhongxiong , Li Jinyao
Published: October 2024

ZKSCAN3 (also known as ZNF306) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of various cellular processes that are fundamental to the development of cancer. It has been widely acknowledged as a key contributor to cancer progression, with its overexpression consistently reported in a broad spectrum of malignancies. Importantly, clinical studies have demonstrated a significant association between elevated ZKSCAN3 levels and adverse prognosis, as well as resistance to therapeutic drugs. Specifically, ZKSCAN3 promotes tumor progression by enhancing multiple hallmark features of cancer and promoting the acquisition of cancer-specific phenotypes. These effects manifest as increased tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, accompanied by inhibiting tumor cell apoptosis and modulating autophagy. Consequently, ZKSCAN3 emerges as a promising prognostic marker, and targeting its inhibition represents a potential strategy for anti-tumor therapy. In this review, we provide an updated perspective on the role of ZKSCAN3 in governing tumor characteristics and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we underscore the clinical relevance of ZKSCAN3 and its potential implications for tumor prognosis and therapeutic strategies.
Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Actual and Future Perspectives
Authors: Lișcu Horia-Dan , Verga Nicolae , Atasiei Dimitrie-Ionuț , Badiu Dumitru-Cristinel , Dumitru Adrian Vasile , Ultimescu Flavia , Pavel Christopher , Stefan Roxana-Elena , Manole Diandra-Carmen , Ionescu Andreea-Iuliana
Published: October 2024

Biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC) are of great interest in the current literature due to improvements in techniques such as liquid biopsy and next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, screening methods vary globally, with multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) predominantly used in the USA and, more recently, the Cologuard Plus; biomarkers such as the Galectins family and septins show promise in early detection. Gut microbiome assessments, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, are under intense exploration. Diagnostic tests, such as circulating DNA analysis via NGS, exhibit effectiveness and are being increasingly adopted. Circulating tumor cells emerge as potential alternatives to traditional methods in terms of diagnosis and prognosis. Predictive biomarkers are well established in guidelines; nonetheless, with the aid of machine learning and artificial intelligence, these biomarkers may be improved. This review critically explores the actual dynamic landscape of CRC biomarkers and future, promising biomarkers involved in screening, diagnosis, and prognosis.
Time-Course Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Distinct Transcriptional Regulatory Networks in Resistant and Susceptible Grapevine Genotypes in Response to White Rot
Authors: Li Tinggang , Han Xing , Yuan Lifang , Yin Xiangtian , Jiang Xilong , Wei Yanfeng , Liu Qibao
Published: October 2024

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is a globally significant economic crop. However, its widely cultivated varieties are highly susceptible to white rot disease. To elucidate the mechanisms of resistance in grapevine against this disease, we utilized time-ordered gene co-expression network (TO-GCN) analysis to investigate the molecular responses in the grapevine varieties ‘Guifeimeigui’ (GF) and ‘Red Globe’ (RG). An assessment of their resistance demonstrated that GF is highly resistant to white rot, whereas RG is highly susceptible. We conducted transcriptome sequencing and a TO-GCN analysis on leaf samples from GF and RG at seven time points post-infection. Although a significant portion of the differentially expressed genes related to disease resistance were shared between GF and RG, the GF variety rapidly activated its defense mechanisms through the regulation of transcription factors during the early stages of infection. Notably, the gene VvLOX3, which is a key enzyme in the jasmonic acid biosynthetic pathway, was significantly upregulated in GF. Its upstream regulator, Vitvi08g01752, encoding a HD-ZIP family transcription factor, was identified through TO-GCN and yeast one-hybrid analyses. This study provides new molecular insights into the mechanisms of grapevine disease resistance and offers a foundation for breeding strategies aimed at enhancing resistance.
The Functional Role of the Long Non-Coding RNA LINCMD1 in Leiomyoma Pathogenesis
Authors: Chuang Tsai-Der , Ton Nhu , Rysling Shawn , Khorram Omid
Published: October 2024

Existing evidence indicates that LINCMD1 regulates muscle differentiation-related gene expression in skeletal muscle by acting as a miRNA sponge, though its role in leiomyoma development is still unknown. This study investigated LINCMD1′s involvement in leiomyoma by analyzing paired myometrium and leiomyoma tissue samples (n = 34) from patients who had not received hormonal treatments for at least three months prior to surgery. Myometrium smooth muscle cells (MSMCs) were isolated, and gene expression of LINCMD1 and miR-135b was assessed via qRT-PCR, while luciferase assays determined the interaction between LINCMD1 and miR-135b. To examine the effects of LINCMD1 knockdown, siRNA transfection was applied to a 3D MSMC spheroid culture, followed by qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses of miR-135b, APC, β-Catenin and COL1A1 expression. The results showed that leiomyoma tissues had significantly reduced LINCMD1 mRNA levels, regardless of patient race or MED12 mutation status, while miR-135b levels were elevated compared to matched myometrium samples. Luciferase assays confirmed LINCMD1′s role as a sponge for miR-135b. LINCMD1 knockdown in MSMC spheroids increased miR-135b levels, reduced APC expression, and led to β-Catenin accumulation and higher COL1A1 expression. These findings highlight LINCMD1 as a potential therapeutic target to modulate aberrant Wnt/β-Catenin signaling in leiomyoma.