bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development of the method of optimizing costs for software testing in the Agile model
Authors: Kharchenko Kostyantyn , Beznosyk Oleksandr , Bulakh Bogdan , Ishchenko Ganna , Yaremenko Vadym
Published: December 2023

The object of research in the article is the process of testing and operating software with cost minimization. In the Software Development Life Cycle, depending on the chosen option of the flexible methodology, special attention is focused on testing software versions both in the process of passing iterations and in the process of releasing alpha, beta and production versions.
This article is devoted to the problem of developing a method for software testing cost optimization method that estimates the test cost function and the losses cost function from the occurrence of an error.
Using the optimization method (for example, the first-order descent method) from the two functions of testing costs and estimating the losses caused during operation, it is possible to calculate the optimal cost of testing and operating the software product.
The results obtained show that with the correct assessment of a cost function and a loss function such calculations allow to significantly save money and time for the production of the next version of the software product.
These results are explained by the fact that the method of optimizing the cost function finds the optimum point and allows to pre-estimate the budget and risks during the development and operation of the software.
The article provides several examples of the calculation and optimization of testing costs within the proposed concept for one iteration in a flexible software development cycle.
The results of the study can be used in practice, provided that the functions of estimating costs for testing and compensation for losses caused during the operation of the software are set correctly. Experienced managers and project supervisors determine these functions quite accurately for a certain number of iterations, which makes it possible to apply the method of finding the minimum budget costs for testing and operating a software product.
Development of a complex model for processing various data
Authors: Gaman Oleksandr , Kiris Ihor
Published: December 2023

The object of the research is intelligent decision-making support systems. The scientific problem that is solved in the research is the development of a comprehensive model for processing various types of data in intelligent decision-making support systems (DMSS). The relevance of the research lies in the fact that in intelligent DMSS circulate different in origin and units of measurement data obtained from various technical devices of obtaining information.
The essence of the integrated approach in modeling is that two partial models are proposed: a model for processing different types of data in intelligent decision-making support systems and a model for processing homogeneous data in intelligent decision-making support systems.
Analysis of the intelligent DMSS model for processing different types of data allows to draw such a conclusion. While solving the problem of processing different types of data, a model of intelligent DMSS is proposed, in contrast to traditional, even for the process of solving partial problems incorrectly started by experts with the help of self-organization, expressed in the coordination of partial tasks of the decision maker, striving for an ideal solution to the problem of processing different types of data, which increases the efficiency of finding an acceptable result for processing different types of data.
The homogeneous data processing model is based on the idea that the same processing of homogeneous data in intelligent DMSS can be solved in parallel by different functional elements. Element integration relationships arise as internal non-verbal images in the user's memory, which can compare the dynamics of modeling a task for processing different types of data in intelligent DMSS from different points of view, which allows to see what modeling does not give using one model.
The direction of further research should be considered the improvement of information processing methods in intelligent decision-making support systems.
Characteristics of black liquor after alkaline delignification of paulownia wood
Authors: Denysenko Anna , Cheropkina Romaniia
Published: December 2023

The object of research is the black liquor of the alkaline pulping sample Paulownia Clone in Vitro 112® with active alkali consumption of 14, 18 and 22 % in Na2O units from the mass of completely dry raw materials.
The problem solved in the work is related to the formation of waste in the form of black liquor during pulp production. It is noted that as a result of the production of 1 ton of cellulose, up to 7 tons of black liquor is formed.
In the course of the work, an analysis of the total titrated and active alkalinity in the white and black liquor after cooking paulownia wood was carried out, and the pH value was determined. The dependence of the content of dry substances in black liquor on the consumption of active alkali, the duration of cooking, the presence of a catalyst, and the final temperature of the delignification process is given. The amount of organic and mineral components of dry substances of black liquor per 1 ton of air-dry fibrous semi-finished products was calculated.
It was established that with an increase in temperature by 20 °C (from 150 to 170 °C) and a duration of approximately 1.5 times (from 60 to 90 min and from 90 to 150 min), with the same consumption of active alkali and the use of a catalyst in the conditions after sodium pulping, the content of dry substances in the black liquor increases by 1.5–3 %. This regularity is explained by the transition into the solution of a greater number of dissolution products of lignin, hemicelluloses, and mineral substances.
Estimated values for the content of mineral and organic substances in black liquor after cooking paulownia wood for a duration of 150 min and a final temperature of 170 °C at different consumptions of active alkali and the use of catalysts in the form of anthraquinone and ethyl alcohol are within the range of 1024-1518 kg per 1 ton dry pulps of normal yield and can be used in practice. The obtained results can be used to form an assessment of the black liquor as an additional resource potential for the economy of production.
Consideration of the problem of motion cueing along angular degrees of freedom on flight simulators
Authors: Kabanyachyi Volodymyr , Ibrahimoglu Beycan
Published: December 2023

The object of research is motion cueing along angular degrees of freedom on flight simulators of non-maneuvering aircraft. One of the most problematic places is lack of statement and effective solution of the problem to ensure high-quality motion cues along angular degrees of freedom on flight simulators, which would correspond to motion cues along angular degrees of freedom in real flight with the same control actions. In the course of the research, on the basis of the peculiarities of human movement perception, a set of characteristic attributes of perception of motion cues is determined: character, direction, duration, intensity and time of motion perception (according to Gibson’s perception theory). Based on the system approach principles, the mathematical formulation of the solution to the problem of motion cueing along angular degrees of freedom on flight simulators of non-maneuvering aircraft is used. Such approach made it possible, taking into account the existing constructive resource of flight simulator motion system, to bring as close as possible motion cueing along angular degrees of freedom on flight simulators of non-maneuvering aircraft to motion cues along angular degrees of freedom in real flight with the same control actions. Due to this the character and direction of motion cues fully correspond to the real motion cues, the difference between the perception time of motion cues on airplane and simulator is minimal and meets the current requirements. The duration and intensity of the motion cue perception on simulator are proportional duration and intensity of motion cue perception on airplane. Such approach significantly improves the quality of training and retraining of pilots on flight simulators. Implementation of the developed problem formulation on aircraft simulators, in particular on An-74TK-200, showed its high efficiency. In the future, the proposed approach can be used on flight simulators of aircraft developed in Ukraine and modernization of operated flight simulators.
Design of irrigation scheme for an improved fodder crop production as food for ranch cattle
Authors: Flayin Malum J. , Adgidzi Donald
Published: December 2023

The object of this research is Cattle Ranches. Cattle Ranches is the practice of raising herds of cattle on large landscape including the structures and crops of legumes, grasses or forages, devoted to the raising, and grazing of the herds. Organized animal productions have been successfully practiced for decades in developed countries, but have been of minor Agricultural consideration in arid regions and Sub-Saharan Africa. Most African herders relied on natural pasture in the tropics which are either forested with high incidences of disease and parasites detrimental to profitable animal production, or dry zone which calls for tremendous physical exertion on the animal in order to obtain feed and water. Feed shortage and low quality of available feeds are constraints for livestock production and has been a major constraint for animal production during dry periods. Therefore, farmers use different coping mechanisms ranging from purchasing of feeds from the market and destocking unproductive animals as drastic measures. The negative trend results into many pastoralists resorting to grazing in crops farm lands. The pressure from increasing population and diminishing availability of land for pastoral range practice causes farmers- herders’ clashes which results into loss of lives. Rise in the toll of farmers-herdsmen crisis and clashes across many African countries in recent years, became worst. This brings to fore, the need to set up Cattle Ranches as an alternative to nomadic agriculture. The viability of setting up ranches for Cattles using improved irrigation systems to make up for the dry zone/season condition is practicable and profitable as practiced in developed countries. Ranches provide feed from grown forage legumes and fodder trees species through irrigation, combined with appropriate postharvest handling practices. Feeds availability mitigate the constraints of food scarcity and improves livestock productivity. The study consisted of outlining design procedure for the establishment of an irrigation scheme for an improved fodder crop production as food for ranch cattle.
Man in Digitized Urban Socio-Cultural Space
Authors: Hurova I. V. , Shkurov Y. V.
Published: December 2023

Purpose. This article seeks to analyze the transformation of culture and social relations in cities amidst the digital transformations of space and everyday practices. Theoretical basis. The research is anchored in the theoretical foundations provided by Manuel Castells and Marshall McLuhan, both of whom delve deeply into the intricacies of the information society and the interactions between humans and technologies. Our analysis also relies on contributions from urbanists and experts in the "Smart Cities" domain, augmenting our study with practical facets of how digital innovations influence the urban milieu. We endeavor to understand how the interplay between humans and technologies within urban environments reconfigures one’s self-perception, their place in the world, and their interactions with their surroundings. Originality. The study evaluates the impact of digital transformations on urban settings, drawing from the theoretical notions of Manuel Castells and Marshall McLuhan, modern urbanistic principles, and empirical analysis of the urban environment. We emphasize that digitalization reconfigures concepts of time, space, and interpersonal interactions in cities, culminating in the emergence of a distinct social identity that manifests within a globalized and digitized urban existence. We illustrate the effects of digital innovations on social and cultural practices, and underscore the significance of striking a balance between individual freedom and technological control in urban landscapes. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that digital transformation, which bridges the tangible and the virtual, reshapes the identities and daily experiences of urban inhabitants. They engage in an existential struggle to preserve their sociocultural essence. In a networked society where the local and global intermingle, novel social practices arise that obscure boundaries between the individual and collective, and between the tangible and virtual. The urban milieu becomes a crucible for experiments in the social, economic, and cultural realms, with technologies introducing both conveniences and challenges. Digital transformation modifies societal interactions and has profound implications for the sociocultural fabric.
A PRESENTATION FOR A SUBMONOID OF THE SYMMETRIC INVERSE MONOID
Authors: Sareeto Apatsara , Koppitz Jörg
Published: December 2023

In the present paper,  we study a submonoid of the symmetric inverse semigroup \(I_n\). Specifically, we  consider the monoid of all order-, fence-, and parity-preserving transformations of \(I_n\). While the rank and a set of generators of minimal size for this monoid are already known, we will provide a presentation for this monoid.
As Redes Sociais como meio de expressão política dos jovens em Portugal
Authors: Feio Catarina , Silva Lídia , Martins José
Published: December 2023

A Internet, e em especial as redes sociais, concederam novas oportunidades de expressão, mobilização e partilha de opiniões sobre os assuntos da atualidade. Principalmente os jovens que já cresceram nos meios digitais e que, como consequência da pandemia covid-19, viveram em isolamento nos seus anos formativos, elegem as redes sociais para o seu consumo de informação e utilizam estas plataformas para debater e partilhar assuntos do seu interesse com os seus pares. O presente estudo pretende compreender como se relacionam os hábitos de divulgação de assuntos da atualidade nas redes sociais com a mobilização política offline e os hábitos de consumo noticioso dos jovens residentes em Portugal. Recorrendo a um inquérito por questionário e a uma amostra de 337 jovens residentes em Portugal com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 30 anos, a investigação permitiu aferir que os jovens que partilham assuntos da atualidade nas suas redes sociais com maior frequência são igualmente os mais assíduos nas outras formas de mobilização cívica e política como votar, participar em manifestações e em movimentos de cidadãos e que igualmente tendem a consumir com maior assiduidade notícias nas redes sociais, em jornais e através de podcasts.
Justification of road structures during the restoration of the disrupted section of the road
Authors: Tsal Andrei
Published: December 2023

This article examines the current state and future prospects for the development of the road network in the Russian Federation. It focuses on the implementation of the national project «Safe High-Quality Roads», which aims to achieve new qualitative standards in the construction and operation of the country’s road network.

The author analyzes the elements of road maintenance and operation. A comparative analysis is provided, comparing the understanding of road maintenance and operation in the Russian Federation with regulatory documents from the World Bank. The concept of road restoration (rehabilitation) as an allocation criterion by the World Bank is discussed. The study reveals that the domestic approach to selecting repair strategies is based on temporary road operation criteria, while the World Bank’s approach is based on the specific nature of the work and the financial costs associated with repair and road restoration.

The author considers various aspects related to repair work on highways. The analysis focuses on groups of factors that contribute to road pavement destruction. External causes, including climatic, geographical, geological, and operational factors that affect road conditions, are identified as the most common causes. Internal causes are also discussed, including outdated technologies, low-quality materials, and errors made during the calculation and construction stages of the road.

Different types of pavement destruction leading to complete road damage and the necessity for complete restoration are described and distinguished. Based on this, the article argues that improving quality performance indicators is possible through continuous monitoring of road surface conditions and timely repairs.

The author suggests that the use of complex mobile diagnostic laboratories equipped with necessary tools and an information-computing system based on a specialized information-statistical model can significantly reduce the time and financial costs associated with monitoring the condition of roadways.

Furthermore, a calculation example is provided to estimate the pavement elasticity index based on traffic intensity and vehicle type.

Finally, the article discusses the main initial requirements for justifying road structures.
Service in a foreign army – in a perspective of the misdemeanor of art. 141 § 1 of the CC
Authors: Wróbel Adam
Published: December 2023

The subject of the research are the features of the misdemeanor specified in the art. 141 § 1 of the CC. The analysis focuses on the questions of the subject of protection, the object (perpetrator), the forms of the act, the conditions of formal consent to take up military service, the matter of the concepts used in the prescription of art. 141 § 1 and 3 CC; the historical aspect of the institution is also raised, as well as the issue of consent to accept service in a foreign military or a foreign military organization referred in the provisions of the act of March 11, 2022 on the defense of the Fatherland; etc.; a de lege ferenda postulate is put forward to give the art. 141 § 3 of the CC (which provision contains the decriminalization of an act specified in art. 141 § 1 of the CC) the following wording: „does not commit the crime specified in § 1, a Polish citizen who is also a citizen of another state, if he inhabits on its territory and performs military service within its structures”. The conclusions lead – among others – to a more complete understanding of the concepts of „foreign military”, „foreign military organization”, „military obligations”, as well as to the statement that this crime is individual, appropriate, permanent, formal, intentional, alternatively possible to implement in both forms of intent, penalized in the stage of trying and accomplishing.
Synchronization of convective currents of a two-component fluid in adjacent porous cells
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Tyulkina I. V. , Goldobin D. S. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS,   Perm State University
Published: December 2023

In this work, we study the Soret-driven convection of a two-component fluid in adjacent rectangu-lar cells of a porous medium heated from below in the presence of a gravitational field. In each cell, a long-wavelength oscillatory instability is possible; it can be described by means of phase reduction, which makes it possible to study the synchronization of currents. The horizontal bounda-ries of the cells are assumed to be impenetrable (including for impurities), the heat flux is assumed to be fixed. The vertical boundaries have low thermal conductivity. Fluid motions are described by the Darcy-Boussinesq approximation. Additionally, in this system there is a distributed heat source term describing the heat exchange between the cells. In this way, the equations become coupled via the temperature field. The equations within the long-wavelength approximation are derived using the standard method of multiple scales. An analytical description of the system within the frame-work of a weakly nonlinear analysis can only be constructed near the threshold of the convective instability of the system, and the issue of collective effects is relevant for oscillatory modes; there-fore, we restrict our study to the case of an oscillatory instability. On the basis of equations for the amplitudes of the coupled oscillatory modes, we derived equations for the oscillation phases, which are the key equations of the phase description. For these equations, we found the values of the pa-rameters at which the system has the regime of synchronization of currents; the solution for a stable synchronous regime is also reported.
On convective stability of the equilibrium of colloids and liquid binary solutions withpositive thermal diffusion
Authors:   Perm State University, Glukhov A. F.
Published: December 2023

The study investigates stability of the mechanical equilibrium of colloids and binary mixtures with positive thermal diffusion. Such problems are usually considered in the presence of a stationary con-centration distribution that arises due to thermal diffusion and (or) sedimentation. But in connected vertical channels of a square section of 3.2 × 3.2 mm with a height of 50 mm, a Hele-Shaw cell of 17 × 32 × 1.5 mm, and a flat layer with a height of 3mm when heated from below, the time it takes the concentration profile to become settled is extremely long and ranges from several days to several years. Therefore, the stability of the equilibrium was analyzed in the presence of increasing concen-tration inhomogeneities. This helped explain the experimental facts: 1) periodic (~ 4 hours) convec-tive bursts were observed in the magnetic fluid in channels below the critical Rayleigh number; 2) bursts with a period of ~ 0.5 hours were observed in the binary mixture in the Hele-Shaw cell. A formula for the period of bursts has been obtained, it gives results close to experimental ones.
Experiments on ultrasonic separation of a model water-in-oil emulsion
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Kozlov N. V. , Denisova M. O. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Mizev A. I. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS
Published: December 2023

The dynamics of model water-in-oil emulsions based on PMS-5 and PMS-100 silicone oils in the field of a standing ultrasonic wave is studied experimentally. In the experiments, a resonator cell with transparent walls is used. The ultrasonic transducer is installed in the cell’s vertical wall; its radiation axis is directed horizontally, across the working layer. Experiments are performed at an ultrasonic exposure frequency of ~ 80 kHz and a dispersed phase concentration of 5%. Photo-video recording of the images of the liquid layer in transmitted light is carried out, with their sub-sequent digital processing. The brightness levels of the patterns of the working fluid layer in the transmitted scattered light are measured. An ultrasonic wave leads to a redistribution of the liquids, which can be distinguished by a change in the brightness patterns of the light passing through the working layer. This is evidence of ultrasonic separation due to acoustophoresis. Two main effects caused by ultrasonic action and preventing the separation of the emulsions are experimentally demonstrated. Ultrasonic oscillations cause cavitation in the liquid volume and also acoustic streaming (primarily the ‘quartz wind’), which become noticeable at a relatively high intensity of ultrasonic exposure. Experiments show that the integral brightness of images varies nonmonotonically with change in the intensity of ultrasonic exposure. The nature of this dependence correlates with the manifestation of acoustic streaming and is consistent with the results of other authors.
Instability of an ensemble of drops and dynamic regimes in a vibrational field
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Alabuzhev A. A. ,   Perm State University, Pyankova M. A. ,   MIREA - Russian Technological University
Published: December 2023

The parametric instability of an ensemble of interacting droplets of liquid in a vibration field is studied. In the equilibrium position, the drops have the form of cylinders of rotation limited in the axial direction by two parallel solid surfaces and surrounded by an immiscible liquid. Both linear and nonlinear stability of forced oscillations of droplets of such an ensemble are considered. Regions of parametric instability are obtained, nonlinear subcritical and supercritical regimes are studied. In the case of non-zero interaction, the main modes are more dangerous in the presence of frequency disorder. The existence of three different dynamic regimes is demonstrated.
Modeling of kinetics of curing reaction of a composite material in outer space conditions at high evaporation rates of molecules
Authors:   Institue of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Komar L. A. , Kondyurin A. V. ,   Ewingar Scientific, Gilev V. G. ,   Perm State National Research University, Terpugov V. N. ,   Perm State National Research University
Published: December 2023

The paper proposes a mathematical model necessary for computational modeling of the features of the formation of mechanical properties during the transition of an epoxy resin from a viscous liquid to solid state during curing. We consider a problem in which the transition to a deformable state occurs under conditions close to those of outer space. An important role is played by the vacuum near the surface of the material and the high temperature resulting from the heating of the material under the influence of solar radiation. Computational modeling was carried out up to the moment of the transitionof the medium from the state of a viscous fluid to that of a deformable body. Theoret-ical calculations are compared with experimental data. Within the proposed model, the formation of the material structure at the molecular level is studied and the viscosity of the medium is calculated. The material is inhomogeneous. The presence of vacuum near the boundary of the material leads to diffusion processes. The low-mass components present in the material begin to leave the material into the surrounding vacuum. The proposed model makes it possible to trace, in time and by volume of the material, the transformation of the initial low-mass components into deformable fragments formed from them and having a larger mass. The model uses parameters that have a specific physical meaning. Information about them was obtained from the analysis of available experimental data. The experiments were carried out under laboratory vacuum conditions. The temperature in the vac-uum cabinet varied from 20 to 80 °C. Numerical modeling of the technological process was carried out using the finite element method. The material was presented in the form of a semi-infinite plate. One boundary of the plate was considered to be in contact with vacuum. Through it, the low-mass components escaped into the surrounding space. The boundary conditions were derived from the assumption that the evaporation of these components only occurs when the value of the kinetic en-ergy of diffusing molecules exceeds the amount of work necessary to overcome the energy barrier. The opposite side of the plate was considered impermeable to the material components.
On oscillatory Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of liquids with comparable viscosities
Authors:   Institute of Continous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Khilko G. L. , Ivantsov A. O. ,   Institute of Continous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Lyubimova T. P. ,   Institute of Continous Media Mechanics UB RAS,   Perm State University
Published: December 2023

We study the behavior of a two-dimensional system of immiscible incompressible viscous liquids in a rectangular cavity under horizontal harmonic high-frequency vibrations. In this system, influ-ence of pulsating motions of the liquids causes the development of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability leading to the formation of a quasi-stationary relief on the interfacial surface in the form of a frozen wave. A direct numerical modeling of the relief formation was carried out with the use of AN-SYS Fluent software; the influence of the viscosity ratio on the parameters of the frozen wave and the flow generated by vibrations near the interface was investigated. The dependencies of the char-acteristics of the wave relief on supercriticality and vibration frequency are plotted for different ra-tios of liquid viscosities. In the cases of vibrations with sufficiently high frequency, the obtained numerical results are consistent with analytical theory developed for ideal liquids. For lower fre-quencies, the observed relief wavelength turns out to be noticeably longer than the theoretical pre-dictions. For high vibration frequencies, with increasing supercriticality the wavelength increases monotonically, while for low frequencies it decreases monotonically. The relief height increases as the intensity of vibration influence increases; with significant supercriticality, it exceeds the theo-retical values obtained in the ideal fluid approximation. The generation of reverse averaged flow by vibrations near the interface is found when viscosity of the upper fluid is low. In this case, the flows in the upper and lower liquids are directed opposite to each other and a noticeable decrease in the average flow generation intensity is observed.
Nonstationary one-dimensional electron flows in a hydrodynamic mode
Authors:   Perm State University, Kovycheva E. I. , Tsiberkin K. B. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we consider the motion of electrons in a constant electric field in a certain temperature range, when the motion can be described by an equation of the Darcy–Brinkman type. We studied the on-set of the stationary current flow in a conductor with and without taking into account the viscosity of elec-trons after switching on a longitudinal electric field. Solutions with an alternating electric field and a solu-tion in the form of a traveling wave are also considered. In addition, we analyzed small perturbations of the stationary flow by the Galerkin method, which confirmed that the flow is stable at parameters corre-sponding to the flow of current through the conductor.
On the influence of the diffusion effect on the accuracy of a fluid flow measurement via the Lagrangian particle tracking method
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Okatev R. S. ,   Perm State University, Frick P. G. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS,   Perm State University, Kolesnichenko I. V. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Golbraikh E. ,   Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Published: December 2023

By solving a one-dimensional scalar transport equation with diffusion, it is shown that the diffusion effect can lead to an overestimation of the velocity determined by the Lagrangian particle tracking method, which consists in measuring the time of passage of a flow tracer between two sensors located in the channel. To obtain model signals, the transport equation was solved numerically for different initial scalar distributions, after which the scalar values at two spatial points were recorded. It is shown that in liquid metals characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity, the effect can be no-ticeable. The limiting Peclet number, starting from which diffusion effects do not introduce error into measurements, was determined. It is shown that for high-frequency signals the diffusion effect will not manifest itself due to the rapid attenuation of perturbations. The paper provides estimates of Peclet numbers with turbulent transfer coefficients taken into account. It is shown that in developed turbulent flows the diffusion effect can appear due to a significant contribution of small-scale turbulence.
Violation of the Brownian relaxation law for cobalt ferrite particles in water
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Lebedev A. V.
Published: December 2023

In the temperature range 0–90°C, the dynamic susceptibility of three samples of a magnetic fluid based on cobalt ferrite particles stabilized in water with a double layer of a surfactant was meas-ured. The first layer of the stabilizer was formed of auric acid molecules. The second layer consisted of a mixture of lauric acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The liquid samples had a small (about 10%) volume fraction of particles in order to reduce the influence of interparticle interactions and eliminate non-Newtonian rheological properties. The main parameter in which the samples differed was viscosity. It was changed by adding a small amount of polyvinyl alcohol. For all samples, in the studied temperature range the frequency dependence of the dynamic susceptibility had a quasi-Debye form with a pronounced maximum for the imaginary part. The value of the magnetization relaxation time was determined from the frequency of the maximum on the imaginary part of the dynamic susceptibility. As a result, the dependences of themagnetization relaxation time on tem-perature were obtained. To analyze the results obtained, viscosities of the samples were measured. All samples exhibited the properties of Newtonian fluids –the value of dynamic viscosity did not depend on the shear rate. The obtained results on the dynamic susceptibility and viscosity were compared by plotting relaxation times as a function of the ratio ofdynamic viscosity to absolute temperature. The resulting dependences do not fit on one universal straight line, as it is supposed to be according to the theory. The actual graph looks like a family of three different curves that di-verge as viscosity increases. In order to assess the influence of Néel relaxation on the resulting sus-ceptibility, the dynamic susceptibility of a frozen sample of the magnetic fluid was measured. The resulting susceptibility value was about 3% of the initial susceptibility of the liquid sample. Thus, despite the insignificant contribution of the Néel mechanism of magnetization relaxation to the dy-namic susceptibility, it is impossible to explain the obtained measurement results on the basis of the Brownian relaxation mechanism alone.
Features of turbulence in an electromagnetic liquid metal stirrer
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Mamykin A. D.
Published: December 2023

In the research work, conduction velocity sensors were successfully used to study the characteristics of turbulent flows arising in a liquid metal under the action of a rotating magnetic field in a vertical cylinder. At a certain magnitude of electromagnetic influence, on the graphs showing spectral energy of velocity pulsations there is observed a slope of ‘-5/3’, indicating developed homogeneous isotropic turbulence and spreading in a frequency range of up to two decades. The level of velocity pulsations varies from 4 to 10 % of the azimuthal rotation velocity. It is shown that the identified peaks in the velocity pulsation spectra correspond to the frequency of the liquid metal rotation around the cylinder axis. A nonlinear graph of the dependence of the liquid metal rotation frequency on the current frequency in the coils with a maximum near 50-75 Hz was obtained.
Mathematical modeling of the droplet flow of a spraying device
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Batalov B. G. , Stepanov R. A. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of mathematical modeling, numerical and laboratory experiments aimed at developing an optical method for estimating the size distribution of droplets in a spray. The optical method is based on analyzing the brightness of light reflected by drops of a liquid. The ob-ject of study was a spray of a transparent liquid (distilled water) produced by a centrifugal axisym-metric nozzle. It is known that the intensity (brightness) of light reflected by a drop is proportional to the surface area of the drop, and for spherical drops, accordingly, to the square of the drop’s di-ameter (hereinafter, the terms intensity and brightness are used as synonyms). For a more detailed representation of the patterns of this dependence in the case of a flow of droplets, we considered a mathematical model representing the spray as a flow of spherical particles with parameterization of almost all significant properties: arbitrary distribution of droplets in size and speed as well as changes in these characteristics over time during the movement of drops along the flow. We ob-tained formulas and tested a mathematical model of nozzle spray that takes into account the change in droplet density due to the scattering of droplets in the spray cone and the inhomogeneity of veloc-ity fields. The zone of possible cessation of droplet fission was determined.
The Dynamics of Autobiographism of the American Modernist Novel: from Henry Miller to Jack Kerouac
Authors:   Ural State Pedagogical University, Zhilyakov Nikita A.
Published: December 2023

The study is devoted to the evolution of autobiographism in the American modernist novelof the 1930s–1950s. The article briefly describes the genre features of literary autobiographies and discusses the problem of ambiguous interpretation of the term ‘autobiographism’ in contemporary literary criticism. The study is based on Naum Leiderman’s theory of genre constructed on the idea that any genre is a certain combination of its structural units, i.e., ‘genre carriers’, these primarily including subject-oriented, spatial-temporal, and speech organization. Autobiographism, considered in the article as a principle of the author’s portrayal of his own life in a work of fiction, manifests itself precisely in the genre carriers, transforming them in a certain way. Following this, we define the autobiographical novel as a genre variety possessing the following features: the author aims to portray his life in dynamics of his personal relationships with the exte-rior world; the author’s life experience serves as the material; the leading principle of depiction is autobio-graphism. Based on a comparativeanalysis of the features of autobiographism in modernist novels, the paper traces the tendency, typical of modernist writers in the 1930s–50s, to abandon the ideas of elitism and text-centricity of the 1920s literature, and shows their increasing interestin their own writer’s individuality as well as the ways of expressing it in a literary work. The autobiographical novel, ideologically oriented to-ward the representation of the author’s ‘I’, became a genre in which this trend found expression through the complication of the forms of autobiographism, reflecting the structural, stylistic, and ideological features of modernist autobiographies. The material under research are the autobiographical novels Tropic of Cancerby Henry Miller and On the Roadby Jack Kerouac.
Language Game as a Means of Stylization of Children’s Speech (a Case Study of the Novels ‘Room’ by E. Donoghue, ‘All the Lost Things’ by M. Sacks and ‘Florence and Giles’ by J. Harding)
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Nikolina Natalia N.
Published: December 2023

This article is devoted to the speech of child narrators in novels written for an adult audience. Several studies that consider the speech of child characters note that it is stylized as a child’s with the help of various linguistic means. These include a language game. The article analyzes the use of this technique as a way of stylizing the speech of a child narrator through the example of modern English-language novels Room (Emma Donoghue, 2010), All the Lost Things (Michelle Sacks, 2019), and Florence and Giles (John Harding, 2010). These novels have been chosen because all of them have child narrators, aged 5, 7 and 12 respectively. The analysis shows that a language game can be used both as the main means of stylizing a child’s speech (Florence and Giles) and as a minor one, along with others (Room, All the Lost Things). In the novel Room, the language game manifests itself in the use of conversion, word formation with the help of the suffix -ness, word composition. In All the Lost Things, the language game is mainly represented by word composition. In the novel Florence and Giles, an intentional language game serves as the main means of stylizing a child’s speech. The narrator’s speech is full of occasional expressions formed with the help of conversion, prefixation, suffixation and word composition, reinterpretation of set expressions. An analysis of ontolinguistic studies shows that language game is present in the speech of children. It can be either unintentional, which is associated with situations of cognitive and language deficit, or intentional, which is due to the child’s desire to express themselves in speech. The correlation between the found examples of language game and the real characteristics of children’s speech allows for the conclusion that the depiction of language game is a plausible way of stylizing children’s speech.
Food in Rituals Associated with the Spirits-‘Masters’ of Loci in the Tradition of the Russians in the Perm Region (Based on Mythological Texts)
Authors:   Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Granova Mariia A.
Published: December 2023

The article discusses foods, dishes, and drinks used by the Russians of the Perm region in rituals related to the spirits-‘masters’ of loci (a spirit of the banya, house spirit, leshy (forest spirit), and mermaid). The research material included mythological texts recorded in various parts of the region and containing descriptions of these rituals. As shown by the analysis, it is more often that traditional dishes ofSlavic cuisine become part of the subject code of rituals associated with the spirits of loci, while dishes and drinks that were incorporated into the culture later (candies, port wine, tea) are used less often. Only those dishes that possess certain characteristics having a symbolic meaning in Slavic culture become ritual. Such characteristics include smell, taste, color, structure, place and method of preparing/obtaining a product/dish, cooking sequence, ingredients for cooking the dish, shelf life of the food, frequency of eating the food product, the effect caused by eating the food, the use of the food product/dish in other ceremonies (primarily in funeral and memorial rituals). Dishes that were not traditionally Slavic and came to Russian cuisine later, but have one or more of the culturally significant features, were integrated into the existing system (candies found their place among sweet products, port wine – among alcoholic beverages of red color) and also became ceremonial. The study established that the main function of ritual food in the ritual tradition of the Russians inhabiting the Perm region is protective: dishes act as intermediaries between man and spirits as representatives of two different worlds – ‘human’ and ‘non-human’, and are supposed to protect people from possibly harmful effects produced by demons.
Comparative Analysis of Boris Yeltsin’s Image in the American Press
Authors:   Moscow State Pedagogical University, Dagaeva Kira I.
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the results of a study on the image of Boris Yeltsin as it was presented in the American weekly magazine Time in the period 1986 – 1991. Applying the methods of content analysis, quantitative analysis, and imagological analysis, the author focuses on the specific formation features of the image of the USSR and its leader in the foreign (American) culture. The author determines the peaks of interest in the personality of Yeltsin in the American press, draws historical parallels explaining this phenomenon, proposes thematic groups that reflect the focus of American journalists’ interest. These groups are presented by the categories ‘appearance’, ‘personality’, ‘politics’, and ‘relationships with Mikhail Gorbachev’. A frequency analysis of lexemes reveals that the image of Boris Yeltsin was mainly positive. American journalists emphasize his special strength, ‘monumentality’, and outstanding oratorical skills. The most frequent characteristics of Yeltsin in the Time magazine are ‘oppositionist’, ‘maverick’, ‘reformist’, ‘populist’. The press also emphasizes such his qualities as ‘energetic’, ‘impulsive’. An analysis of the empirical material in the diachronic perspective revealed the dynamics of the representation of Boris Yeltsin and Mikhail Gorbachev from ‘close allies’ to ‘irreconcilable enemies’.
The Image of the Hero and the Function of Biblical Allusions in the Genre of Southern Gothic: a Case Study of Mark Richard’s Story ‘Gentleman’s Agreement’
Authors:   Maxim Gorky Institute of Literature and Creative Writing, Alipova Anna A.
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the Southern gothic genre, which is characterized by American authors’ close attention to the history of the South, tragic worldview, and interest in the barely noticeable movements of the human soul as well as by a focus on religious themes, bitter humor, detailed description of various types of violence, the use of ‘shock therapy’ techniques, and bringing into the plot a minute analysis of the actions of an endless string of marginal characters. The article gives a brief excursus into the history of the genre and its roots: from its emergence in the first half of the 20th century to its present authoritative position in the American literary process. The paper highlights the reasons for the Southern gothic’s serious influence on world literature and for the scholars’ special interest in it. In addition, the religious aspect of this genre is discussed, in particular its Biblical reminiscences within the framework of postmodern poetics and the use of those as tools for creating the image of a versatile hero and building an allegorical plot. The study aims to highlight some of the abovementioned features in Mark Richard’s short story Gentleman’s Agreement. Using the cultural-historical method with some elements of structuralist analysis, the article reveals the distinctive stylistic features of the writer’s text, while considering Mark Richard a successor to the traditions of such masters of the genre as Flannery O’Connor, Eudora Welty, Erskine Caldwell, Harper Lee, and others.
On quasi-fideism and rationality of religious beliefs
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Pris Igor E.
Published: December 2023

According to D. Pritchard’s quasi-fideism, fundamental religious beliefs are Wittgensteinian hinge propositions (beliefs). However, interpretation of the hinge propositions is not unambiguous. For Pritchard, they are «arational visceral commitments». For D. Moyal-Sharrock, they are animal certainties. For A. Coliva, they are rules having propositional content which plays the role of a norm. Our interpretation of hinge propositions is close to that of A. Coliva, except for a few important points. We rather agree with Wittgenstein’s liberal view of hinges. For us they are Wittgensteinian rules (norms) governing language games within a form of life. In the light of our interpretation of hinge propositions we consider the question of the rationality of religious beliefs, analyze Pritchard’s quasi-fideism and the problem of deep disagreements. Deep disagreements are disagreements that are hard to resolve in a rational way. There are different views on their nature. We treat deep disagreements as disagreements that are based on «hinge disagreements», that is, disagreements between incompatible or contradictory hinge beliefs (norms) or beliefs that are playing the hinge role but may not be hinges (if they are false). We argue that deep disagreements can in principle be resolved. Our view avoids relativism. Religious disagreements are usually considered as deep disagreements. We claim that if there is a religious form of life in the sense of Wittgenstein’s later philosophy, then there are also religious hinge propositions. Deep disagreements between the theist and the atheist are genuine disagreements in the sense that only one side is right. And there are reasons to believe that they can be rationally resolved.