bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laser Recanalization of Thrombosed Arteries Using Thermal and/or Modified Optical Probes; Angiographic and Angioscopic Study
Authors: Tomaru Takanobu , Abela George S. , Gonzalez Jose , Giacomino Philippe , Friedl Stephan E. , Barbeau Gerald R.
Published: November 2007

The degree of residual stenosis by fresh thrombus after laser recanalization was compared by use of angiography and angioscopy. Fifteen NZW rabbits were used. Occlusive fresh thrombus in rabbit aorta was produced by mechani cal deendothelialization and external constrictions simulating clinical situations. Argon laser angioplasty using microlens-tipped optical fiber and/or 2 mm hot- tip probe was done to recanalize thrombosed aorta in 10 animals. Two-mm hybrid probe was used in 5. Percent area stenosis (% AST) was derived by use of the mean radius method obtained by angiography of stenotic segments in two orthogonal views and/or from angioscopy. All 15 totally occluded vessels with fresh thrombus were recanalized. Four minor perforations occurred.

Following argon laser angioplasty with the microlens optical fiber, percent stenosis was reduced to 53% in diameter by angiography and 66 in % AST by angioscopy, and to 48% and 55 respectively following hot-tip probe. After laser angioplasty with the hybrid probe, residual stenosis by fresh thrombus was 37% in diameter on angiography and 63 in % AST on angioscopy. Mean percent AST was 62% with angiography and 52% with angioscopy, and there was no correla tion between them (r =-0.028). Angioscopy provided cross-sectional topo graphic views of thrombosed lumen and showed charring and shrinkage of thrombus following laser angioplasty.

This study suggests that (1) continuous-wave laser angioplasty using modi fied optical fibers can recanalize thrombotic vascular occlusion, (2) laser angio plasty by hop-tip probe could evacuate fresh thrombus more than microlens fiber on angioscopy, and (3) angiographic % AST did not correlate with angio scopic % AST.
Takayasu's Arteritis with Collateral Circulation from the Right Coronary Artery to Intracranial Vessels— A Case Report
Authors: Masugata Hisashi , Yasuno Masao , Nishino Masami , Ohnishi Shusaku , Tanahashi Hideo , Sueyoshi Kenji , Yamada Yoshio , Abe Hiroshi
Published: November 2007

A forty-four-year-old woman with Takayasu's arteritis and involvement of the aortic arch and its main branches complained of precordial pain on effort. Exercise electrocardiograms revealed significant ST segment depression in leads II, III, aVF, and V4-6. Coronary arteriograms demonstrated no stenosis. However, the right coronary arteriogram revealed collateral circulation arising from the sinus node artery to the bilateral vertebral arteries and the left internal carotid artery. The collateral circulation was considered to be an important route of blood flow supply to the brain and, at the same time, a cause of coro nary steal syndrome and, consequently, of angina pectoris.
Vasodilator Action of Pentoxifylline on Microcirculation of Rat Cremaster Muscle
Authors: Sonkin Peter L. , Chen Long-En , Seaber Anthony V. , Hatchell Diane L.
Published: November 2007

Pentoxifylline improves microvascular blood flow in conditions of vascular insufficiency. The clinical benefits of pentoxifylline have been attributed to its effects on the cellular elements of whole blood, although a few studies suggest it may also be a vasodilator. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pentoxifylline has a vasodilator effect on the luminal diameter of small arteries preconstricted with norepinephrine and on resting small arteries in the rat cre master muscle.

Intravital videomicroscopy was used in order to observe directly the vasodi lator capacity of topically applied pentoxifylline. The results reveal that pentox ifylline (100 μM and more) can significantly dilate small arteries preconstricted with norepinephrine. Pentoxifylline had no effect on the diameter of resting small arteries.

These results suggest that vasodilation may play a role in the ability of pen toxifylline to improve arterial blood flow.
Neoplastic Phlebothrombosis from Renal Vein to Right Atrium: A Case Report
Authors: Bronzi Giovanna , Orlando Dante , Venarucci Vincenzo , Marini Luciano
Published: November 2007

The authors present an atypical case of neoplastic thrombosis of the great abdominal veins, evaluated with echo-Doppler duplex scanner and computed tomographic scan with contrast enhancement. In this report the authors stress again the diagnostic accuracy of echo-Doppler methods in the study of such a phlebopathy. They describe its sonographic differential diagnosis from acute or chronic idiopathic phlebothrombosis.
Measuring Ankle Systolic Blood Pressure: Validation of the Dinamap 1846 SX
Authors: Mundt Kenneth A. , Chambless Lloyd E. , Burnham Cynthia B. , Heiss Gerardo
Published: November 2007

Clinical and epidemiologic situations requiring repeated measurements of blood pressure in the lower extremity are increasingly incorporating automated measurement devices; however, no device has been validated adequately for ankle blood pressure. This study evaluates the Dinamap 1846 SX against Dop pler ultrasound in determining ankle systolic blood pressure (SBP) and com pares a parallel with contour wrapping technique for applying the blood pres sure cuff. Ankle SBP was measured on 71 adult volunteers by both devices simultaneously, for each cuff wrap. Averages of three readings were compared to evaluate Dinamap versus Doppler SBP estimates and to assess any cuff wrap effect. Multiple linear regression was used to assess potential effect modifiers. Instrument differences (Dinamap minus Doppler) for the parallel wrap (95% confidence intervals in parenthesis) were —1.5 mmHg (-3.1, 0.0) and — 3.9 mmHg (-5.6, -2.2) for the contour wrap. Wrap effect differences (contour minus parallel) for the Doppler were -4.9 mmHg (-6.3, -3.5) and -7.2 mmHg ( — 8.7, — 5.8) for the Dinamap. Degree of ankle taper was a strong modi fier of cuff effect for the Dinamap but not for the Doppler: adjusted cuff effect with the Dinamap ranged from — 3 to —10 mmHg. Measurement precision (within-person reproducibility, measured by within-person standard deviation [σ 2] and reliability coefficient [R]) was higher for the Dinamap than the Doppler technique, lowest for the parallel wrap and Doppler configuration (σ2 = 5.4 mmHg, R = 0.88) and greatest for the contour wrap and Dinamap (σ2 = 4.0 mmHg, R = 0.94).

In conclusion, cuff-wrapping technique can generate SBP differences of greater magnitude than instrument differences. Conditional on the use of the contour wrap, and by virtue of its high repeatability and ease of operation, the Dinamap is a useful tool for epidemiologic study and the clinical assessment of peripheral arterial disease.
Balloon Dilation of Postoperative Persistent Coarctation of Aorta and Valvular Aortic Stenosis—A Case Report
Authors: Chandra Shekhar Y. , Anand Inder S.
Published: November 2007

Coarctation of aorta is frequently associated with severe valvular aortic stenosis. The authors report a case of severe, persistent postoperative coarcta tion of aorta and severe aortic stenosis who was given successful palliative treat ment with percutaneous balloon dilation of both sites of obstruction. This is, to the best of their knowledge, the first report of such an intervention in this group of patients.
Electrocardiographic Prediction of the Success of Coronary Reperfusion by Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy: An Experimental Study
Authors: Tomoda Haruo
Published: November 2007

The accuracy of electrocardiograms (ECGs) in predicting the success of coronary reperfusion by intravenous (IV) thrombolytic therapy was studied in 49 canine acute myocardial infarctions (MI), induced by occlusive thrombus in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Two hours after the onset of MI, urokinase (UK, 3 x 10 4 U/kg) was administered IV and the heart was observed for one further hour. LAD flow and epicardial ECGs were recorded continuously. LAD flow was restored by UK in 26 of 49 animals (Group I); restored LAD flow was stable in 17 of the 26 (Group IA) and unstable with repeated fluctuations in the other 9 (Group IB) during the follow-up period. No coronary reflow was obtained by thrombolysis in 23 of 49 animals (Group II).

The best electrocardiographic criterion for predicting coronary reperfusion was reduction of ST elevation by more than 25%, which had a predictive accuracy of 86%. There was a significant correlation between the grade of improvement of coronary blood flow and reduction of ST elevation in Group IA (p < 0.01), but not in Group IB, indicating that unstable coronary blood flow following thrombolysis due to residual thrombus appears to be one of the major factors preventing accurate prediction of coronary reperfusion with thrombolysis on the basis of changes in ST elevation.
Diagnosis of Atrial Septal Aneurysm by two-Dimensional Echocardiography — A Case Report
Authors: Angeles Katherine , Betzu Robert , Gould Lawrence A.
Published: November 2007

A patient who was evaluated for a syncopal episode was found by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography to have an aneurysm of the atrial septum.

The atrial septal aneurysm appeared as a localized outpouching of the atrial septum that protruded into the left atrium during systole and into the right atrium during early diastole. The 2D echocardiography permits the definitive diagnosis of this condition by a noninvasive technique.
Assessment of Acute Myocardial Infarction by Nuclear Imaging Techniques
Authors: Niemeye M.G. , Van der Wall E.E. , Pauwels E.K.J. , van Dijkman P.R.M. , Blokland J.A.K. , de Roos A. , Bruschke A.V.G.
Published: November 2007

In recent years, nuclear cardiology techniques have been successfully applied in patients with acute myocardial infarction. These scintigraphic measurements have provided important diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic information based on the extent of myocardial damage and the functional reserve of the left ventricle. In particular, in the thrombolytic era, myocardial perfusion imaging and radionuclide angiography have been shown to be valuable methods for study ing the effects of reperfusion on the extent of myocardial damage. Nuclear mag netic resonance imaging, preferably with contrast enhancement, is one of the newly developed nuclear imaging techniques that have probably the greatest poten tial in accurately delineating myocardial infarct size and in evaluating left ven tricular function. Radionuclide procedures, on the other hand, employ more biologically oriented tracers and are therefore capable of monitoring biochemi cal changes in the course of acute myocardial infarction.
Iomeprol vs Iopamidol in Intraarterial Peripheral Digital Subtraction Angiography
Authors: Dacoronias D. , Minguzzi P. , Ugolotti U. , Dettori A.G.
Published: November 2007

The aim of this research was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of iomeprol, 150 mg iodine/mL, a new nonionic contrast medium, and iopamidol, 150 mg iodine/mg in intraarterial (IA) peripheral digital subtraction angiogra phy (DSA) in 100 patients; a group of 40 patients were also submitted to a com plete coagulation screening to check the influence of contrast media on blood clotting. The study was a comparative, double-blind clinical trial. The compound was assigned to each patient according to a randomization list. Small size (4-5 French) catheters were used in all patients to minimize arterial trauma and bed ding time and to assess the quality of x-ray pictures in this condition. Vital signs, EKG tracings and laboratory parameters were monitored before and after the angiographic procedure; the coagulation screening included: thrombin time, pro- thrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, euglobulin lysis time, plasma throm boplastin antecedent, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI). Both contrast media did not produce any adverse reaction or clinically significant alteration of studied parameters; in the 40-patient group subjected to massive coagulative screening, no important alteration after contrast media administration was report ed. The score for contrastographic efficacy was very good with both media with a prevalence of better results in the iomeprol group.
Double-Blind Comparison of Captopril with Nifedipine in Hypertension Complicated by Intermittent Claudication
Authors: Roberts David H. , Tsao Yvonne , Linge Keith , McLoughlin Gerard A. , Breckenridge Alasdair
Published: November 2007

In a double-blind, crossover trial 12 patients with hypertension and peripheral arterial disease were randomized to three months' treatment with captopril 25-50 mg twice daily or nifedipine SR 20-40 mg twice daily. While both treatments were equally effective at lowering blood pressure, postexercise calf blood flow availability was greater during treatment with captopril (P < 0.04). This was not reflected in walking capacity assessed by treadmill exercise. The results sug gest that both captopril and nifedipine are appropriate antihypertensive agents in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
Effect of Single Oral Administration of Nilvadipine on Cerebral Blood Flow in Chronic Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Kobayashi Shotai , Yamaguchi Shubei , Okada Kazunori , Suyama Nobuo , Bokura Kazunori , Murao Mituyoshi , Tsunematsu Tokugoro
Published: November 2007

The effect of nilvadipine, a newly developed calcium antagonist, on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was investigated in 7 patients with chronic cerebral infarction. rCBF was measured by the 133Xenon inhalation method. Patients were given a single dose of 4 mg of nilvadipine after the first measurement of rCBF, and the second measurement was done one hour after the administra tion. All patients had hemiparesis and 2 of them had mild to moderate mental deterioration, but all patients could walk to the outpatient clinic by themselves.

Results: (1) rCBF of the affected side significantly increased by 22.7% after single oral administration of nilvadipine (p<0.05). The increase of rCBF was significantly marked in frontal regions of the affected hemispheres. (2) No sig nificant changes in blood pressure or end tidal partial pressure of carbon diox ide were observed during the examination. These results indicate that nilvadipine has a potent selective vasodilatory action on the cerebral arteries in patients with cerebral infarction.
Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease with Tc 99m-Methoxy Isobutil Isonitrile and Transesophageal Pacing
Authors: Santomauro Maurizio , Cuocolo Alberto , Celentano Luigi , Ferraro Sergio , Pace Leonardo , Pappone Carlo , Maddalena Giovanni , Salvatore Marco , Chiariello Massimo
Published: November 2007

Recently the use of a new radioactive agent with physical and biological properties more favorable than those of thallium 201, methoxy-isobutyl-isoni tryl (MIBI) labeled with technetium 99m (Tc 99m), has permitted simultaneous performance of perfusion and function studies in ischemic cardiopathy. Transe sophageal atrial pacing (TAP) technique has evolved as an alternative provoca tive test of ischemia. The authors compared the capability of Tc 99m-MIBI myocardial scintigraphy, combined with TAP, with that of Tc 99m-MIBI, com bined with maximal stress test, in the diagnosis of ischemic cardiopathy. They studied 11 patients with a clinical history of angina pectoris. Myocardial scinti graphy was performed at rest, after stress test, and after TAR Finally, all the patients underwent coronary angiography. The analysis of myocardial perfu sion images on both Tc 99m-MIBI associated with TAP and with stress demon strated, in 165 myocardial segments examined: 143 normal, 20 reversible de fects, 2 irreversible defects. The concordance of localization between corono graphic data and scintigraphic reversible and irreversible defects was 85%. In conclusion TAP proves to be a valid and sensitive provocative test of ischemia when combined with myocardial scintigraphy and with Tc 99m-MIBI.
Hyperfibrinogenemia and Hyperviscous Plasma in Hypertensive Africans
Authors: Reid H.L. , Ojogwu L.I.
Published: November 2007

Changes in plasma fibrinogen concentrations (PFC) and relative plasma vis cosity (RPV) were investigated in 61 Nigerian Africans while they were being treated for essential hypertension. The association of these hemorheologic vari ables with blood pressure was examined. An analogous study was done on 30 normotensive controls for comparison.

The hypertensive patients had, overall, a significant increase in both PFC and RPV (p < 0.001) as compared with control values. However, 44.3% of the hypertensive patients had PFC and RPV values within the defined normal lim its. This indicates that in a proportion of the hypertensives, treatment notwith standing, PFC and RPV are altered only within the physiologic limits.

Comparison of PFC and RPV with the degree of hypertension (mild: diasto lic blood pressure (DBP) = 90mmHg; moderate: DBP = 91-99mmHg; severe: DBP ≥ 100mmHg) showed significant stepwise increases at the moderate and severe levels as compared with the mild level of hypertension.

The hyperfibrinogenemia and concomitant hyperviscous plasma observed in the present study could either play a role in the pathogenesis of the hypertension or be the consequence of the hypertension itself, at least in some patients.
Assessment of Valvular Regurgitation Using Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging Coupled with Phase Compensation Technique: Comparison with Doppler Color Flow Mapping
Authors: Ohnishi Shusaku , Fukui Sugao , Kusuoka Hideo , Kitabatake Akira , Inoue Michitoshi , Kamada Takenobu
Published: November 2007

To elucidate whether or not a newly developed technique in cinematic-displayed (cine) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can improve the semiquantitative evaluation of valvular regurgitant flow, 20 patients with valvular lesions were studied. Three pulse sequences of cine MRI, ie, standard, short echo time (TE), and rephasing scans, were compared with reference obtained by Doppler color flow mapping. Short TE technique and rephasing scan technique improved image quality remarkably as compared with standard technique. Each of the three cine MRI techniques showed good correlation with the Doppler method (p< 0.001). However, short TE and rephasing scan techniques gave a faithful estimation of the extent as compared with the Doppler method, whereas standard technique overestimated the regurgitation. Thus, cine magnetic resonance imaging with phase compensation technique can be utilized for the semiquantitative assessment of valvular regurgitation in a manner similar to that of Doppler color flow mapping.
Hazardous Information from Bedside Fast-Flush Device Test for Fluid-Filled Pressure Monitoring Systems
Authors: Billiet E. , Colardyn F.
Published: November 2007

The fast-flush device test—based on the square-wave principle—has been used in clinical practice to test the accuracy of fluid-filled pressure-monitoring systems. One assumption with the square-wave test is that the system is a sec ond-order approximation. To elucidate the problem, the authors compared, in vitro, a reference test method (frequency response test), valid for second-order systems, with a pure square-wave test and a fast-flush device test. They showed that the two tested systems did not have any relation to the reference system, which suggests that the second-order approximation is not valid. Therefore, the fast-flush device test cannot be used reliably in testing the total chain of cathe ter, tubing, transducer, and monitor for invasive pressure measurement.
The Predictive Accuracy of Pre-Adoption Video Review in Adoptees from Russian and Eastern European Orphanages
Authors: Boone Jon L. , Hostetter Margaret K. , Cohen Weitzman Carol
Published: November 2007

Many internationally adopted children have a pre-adoption video for prospective adoptive parents to review before their commitment to adopt. No published report to date has examined the value of the pre-adoption video evaluation (PreAVE) as a predictor of post-adoption developmental status. The present study was designed to determine whether PreAVE can predict the post-adoption developmental status of internationally adopted children. In this retrospective chart review, children who presented to the Yale International Adoption Clinic between December 1998 and September 2000, and had both a PreAVE and a post-adoption developmental evaluation (PosADE) were selected (N=20) PreAVE was done using the Denver II and PosADE was done using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd edition. The Pearson r coefficient between the two ratings was determined and sensitivity and specificity were calculated. There was a significant correlation between the PreAVE and the PosADEs (r=0.53, p = 0.01 ).The sensitivity of PreAVE to detect moderate to severe developmental delay was 43% and the specificity was 85%. Although ratings of development on PreAVE are similar to PosADE, the ability to detect moderate to severe developmental delay by video review is limited. Clin Pediatr. 2003;42:585-590
Parental Compliance with After Hours Telephone Triage Advice: Nurse Advice Service versus On-Call Pediatricians
Authors: Lee Thomas J. , Baraff Larry J. , Wall Stephen P. , Guzy Judith , Johnson David , Woo Heide
Published: November 2007

To compare parental compliance with after-hours triage advice provided by telephone advice nurses and on-call pediatricians, a randomized controlled trial was undertaken at a university general pediatrics practice that enrolled parents or guardians calling for after-hours advice. Advice calls were randomized to a call center advice nurse or the on-call pediatrician. Parental compliance with the triage advice and agreement of the parental report of advice with the pediatrician/nurse report of advice given was evaluated. There were 566 participants in the pediatrician and 616 in the nurse group. Compliance with advice (pediatrician v. nurse) was not significantly different for emergent/urgent care (75.8% v. 72.6%) and self care (74.3% v. 77.2%) but was significantly higher in the pediatrician group for office care (51.5% v. 29.6%; 95% CI of difference, 8.9%-34.2%). Overall agreement between the caller reported and physician or nurse advice was 84.5% for emergent/ urgent, 42.7% for office care, and 93.7% for self-care. Clin Pediatr. 2003;42:613-619
Trauma and Disease in Humans Caused by Marine Organisms
Authors: Beamer Yancey B.
Published: November 2007

As people turn more and more to water sports it becomes the responsibility of the physician to understand the forms of trauma and disease that can occur when contact is made with inhabitants of the sea. Medical literature on this subject has been sparse ; especially in this country. For this reason a bio logic, toxicologic and therapeutic review of the subject has been made.
Five Adolescents
Authors: Williams Murray
Published: November 2007

During the last few years, many writers have made eloquent and use ful contributions to our understanding of adolescent patients; a body of wisdom and theory has been developed, and the enquiring physician will find many penetrating insights in the medical literature of the past few years.1-4

It does seem worth while to describe several representative adolescent patients whose histories illustrate certain features peculiar to this age period. Some of their problems may seem trivial and incidental, but the application of insight and guidance may lead to the resolution of nor mal developmental crises with remarkably little expense of time and effort.
Lead Poisoning in Children
Authors: Feigin Ralph D. , Shannon Daniel C. , Reynolds Stephen L. , Shapiro Lilian W. , Connelly John P.
Published: November 2007

How does lead usually enter the body and what systems are usually involved? What one symptom above all others should arouse the suspicion of lead poison ing?

In follow up of children with lead en cephalopathy, frequently they have a lower I.Q. than their peers. What is the evidence for this?

Should the gastro-intestinal tract of chil dren with lead poisoning be cleared of re sidual lead before treatment is instituted?

What public health measures are recom mended if a case of lead poisoning is dis covered ?
Pneumococcic Segmental (Lobar) Pneumonia
Authors: Townsend Edward H. , Decancq H. George
Published: November 2007

From the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; the Pediatric Services of the Strong Memorial Hos pital and the Rochester General Hos pital
Snakebite
Authors: Parrish Henry M. , Silberg Stanley L. , Goldner John C.
Published: November 2007

Poisonous Snakebite! An event which evokes terror and fear in the victim and his parents. It presents the physician with an emergency which requires knowledge and skill in management. The purposes of this report are: ( 1) to define the snakebite problem, ( 2) to describe how to identify poisonous snakes, ( 3) to discuss the diagnosis of snake venenation, and ( 4) to provide a guideline for treatment.
Rectal Examination in Children
Authors: Othersen H. Biemann , Greenberg Larrie , Morse Thomas S.
Published: November 2007

The only objection to a routine pediatric rectal exam ination is the fear of some emotional or physical trauma to the child. With gentleness and patience a rectal ex amination need not be traumatic.

Rectal examination in children is as important as it is in adults and should be performed routinely. The omis sion of a rectal examination usually indicates that gloves and lubricant were not conveniently available for use during the physical examination. Gloves and lubricant should always be kept accessible wherever children are being examined.
Comprehensive Care in an Adolescent Clinic
Authors: Michelson Joseph P. , Klein Harold , Deutsch Albert L. , Kaufmann Pauline N. , Smith C. Henry
Published: November 2007

A plan for the establishment and operation of an Adolescent Clinic at The Jewish Hospital of Brooklyn, staffed by part-time physicians, using the skills of trained psychiatric social workers, utilizing group therapy in the treatment program, and directly involving the patient's family in the therapeutic regimen is here described. In this clinic, experience with an integrated team approach appears to be an efficient, effective method for treatment of the adolescent. The clinic's short pe riod of operation does not yet permit the conclusion that this approach to adolescent medical and emotional needs is to be preferred, but this report may encourage other centers to inaugurate and test this type of comprehensive care for the adolescent and his family. The need is urgent.
Colorado Tick Fever Encephalitis
Authors: Draughn Daniel E. , Sieber Otto F. , Umlauf Harry J.
Published: November 2007

We recently studied a ten-year-old boy with meningoencephalitis and were able to establish its etiology as the virus of Colorado Tick Fever. He is presented here as the fifth documented case of this complication.
Small Town Pediatrics
Authors: Ross Maurice
Published: November 2007

"Although this is not intended to be a scientific article, I consider it to be of suf ficient interest to warrant publication in a journal which is read by people involved in the care of children" (from the submit ting letter).
A Pediatrician's Checklist for Adolescents
Authors: Adams Paul L.
Published: November 2007

Many pediatricians, potentially gifted as doctors of teenagers, do not know how to get started in relating to adolescents. The teenager then is deprived of a val uable helping resource. This paper at tempts to present a checklist that is pedi atrically useful in getting started with an adolescent.
Treatment of a Child with Spontaneously Arrested Hydrocephalus
Authors: Zrull Joel P.
Published: November 2007

"Psychotherapy can be a vital adjunct to any program for brain damaged children, and may be very necessary before educa tional and management technics can prove effective."
The Thalidomide Syndrome
Authors: Smithells R.W.
Published: November 2007

An encouraging description of the ad vances in restoring mobility and mental health to children born deformed.
Parent Education in a Children's Hospital
Authors: Rie H.E. , Grossman B.J.
Published: November 2007

The effects of a didactic lecture and discussion about their hospitalized child's illness upon parents' knowledge of that illness are evaluated. Parents attending such lectures achieved significantly greater success than those parents of a non-attending group in their ability to recognize true facts about rheumatic fe ver and in their ability to avoid sub scription to contradictory statements.

Significant changes in knowledge which also occurred in the non-attending group attest to the value of multiple channels of communication within the hospital as aids in parent education. Fail ure to keep subsequent follow up ap pointments tended to be associated with failure to learn about the child's illness during the course of this study.
Venereal Disease Problems and Adolescent Health
Authors: King Ambrose
Published: November 2007

The current world-wide rise in venereal diseases among young people is deeply in terrelated with other facets of modern liv ing. Exploration of causative influences should lead to increased understanding and healthier patterns of living.
Febrile Convulsions in Families
Authors: Schuman Stanley H. , Miller Larry J.
Published: November 2007

In a well-studied community of 3,953 individuals under 20 years of age, 142 or 3.6 per cent had a history of one or more proven febrile seizures. Certain families are more FC-prone. An unexpectedly strong relationship was found between children with febrile convulsions and sibs with mental retardation.
The Application of Renal Microdissection to the Study of Kidney Disease in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Fetterman George H. , Fabrizio Nancy S.
Published: November 2007

The methods of renal microdissection are of essential value in the study of kid ney problems in infancy and childhood. Characteristics of nephrons in normal kidneys in the pediatric age group are presented, as well as examples of some of the proximal tubular abnormalities which have been demonstrated in renal disease in infancy and childhood.

These illustrations were shown in an Exhibit at the American Association of Urology Meeting and won an Honorable Mention; and at the College of American Pathologists ASCP Meeting where it re ceived the Gold Award in the Educational Division.
Nutrition Review : Zinc Metabolism
Authors: Eminians John , Ziai M. , Reinhold John G.
Published: November 2007

Studies in the present decade are mak ing it clear that some manifestations of malnutrition in the Middle Eastern coun tries closely resemble the changes seen in naturally-occurring or experimentally- induced deficiency of this trace metal in animals. This review points out the pos sible role of zinc in the nutrition of chil dren, based on metabolic studies still in progress in Iran.
Accelerated Maturity in Fetal Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Farrehi Cyrus
Published: November 2007

The growth promoting effects of thy roid gland may be observed in congeni tal thyrotoxicosis. The presence of ex cessive thyroid hormones appears to accelerate fetal development.

Rapid skeletal growth in the infant here described was striking and continued after a euthyroid state was established.
Children Raised On the Kibbutz In Israel
Authors: Kaffman Mordecai , Cohen Norman J.
Published: November 2007

A common reaction of many child-care ex perts and laymen to the kibbutz method of child-rearing is: "Those children should be disturbed!" Is this in fact our experience?
Failure to Thrive—A Retrospective Profile
Authors: Shaheen Eleanor , Alexander Doris , Truskowsky Marie , Barbero Giulio J.
Published: November 2007

"This paper presents the incidence of growth failure in 44 patients for which no organic cause was discovered after investi gation. This group of patients, collectively termed failure-to-thrive, represents the sec ond largest diagnostic category of patients with growth failure admitted to a children's hospital in one year. An examination of various features of this group from a review of the medical and psychosocial histories is made and changes in growth patterns in hos pitalization and follow up are documented."
An Approach to the Emotional Support of Fatally Ill Children
Authors: Karon Myron , Vernick Joel
Published: November 2007

When children with leukemia were en couraged to ask questions about their ill ness, they asked many. These questions were straightforward, demonstrating their interest in learning about their illness, and emphasiz ing their need to place events in perspective. Much of the staff's initial fear and appre hension regarding their ability to deal with problems centering around life and death were gradually resolved as they began to ap proach these problems with the information gathered from the children rather than with the preconceived prejudices obtained from other adults.
Review : Maternal and Congenital Rubella
Authors: Katz Richard G. , White Lon R. , Sever John L.
Published: November 2007

Although it is certainly a childhood dis ease, many a pediatrician completes his resi dency having seen none or only a few cases of typical rubella. Despite this lack of ex perience he is likely to be invited by an internist or obstetrician to see a patient (often pregnant) with possible rubella or who has been exposed to the disease. On the advice of the consulting pediatrician, the pregnancy may be terminated or may be allowed to go to completion. In the latter case, he may eventually be called upon to evaluate the infant for evidence of con genital rubella.

To handle such a situation intelligently, it is necessary to have a thorough under standing of the clinical features and epi demiology of postnatal rubella, the special circumstances involved with infection of mother and fetus, and the current status of methods for diagnosis, treatment, and pre vetition of infection.
Nephrotoxicity of Anti-Infective Drugs
Authors: Abramowicz Mark , Edelmann Chester M.
Published: November 2007

One difficulty in deciding whether to dis continue treatment when nephrotoxicity from an anti-infective drug is suspected is that proteinuria, cylindruria, hematuria, and azotemia may be due to the infection itself. Hence when signs of renal injury appear the clinician must consider the like lihood of drug toxicity, the availability of alternative therapy, and the possible conse quences of continuing with the particular agent that may be causing nephrotoxicity.
Recurrent Ear Infections in Children
Authors: Turner Jack
Published: November 2007

Recurrent ear infections result from eu stachian tube incompetence based on con genital facial maldevelopment or stenosis secondary to repeated childhood infections. There is no known successful surgical repair of the tube lumen. Facial growth with asso ciated lumen enlargement remains the only hope for eventually normal middle ear func tion.

What can be done before growth takes over to minimize permanent middle ear disease and ensure the best possible hear ing ? This author outlines a logical approach to this very difficult problem.
Myringotomy—An Office Procedure
Authors: Stool Sylvan E.
Published: November 2007

Knowing how to employ myringotomy properly will help the physician control acute otitis media with or without mas toiditis, and assist in preventing the hearing loss so often associated with chronic otitis.

Here is a description of how myringotomy can be utilized to uncover occult pathologic processes, as well as to provide adequate sur gical drainage when needed.
Review : Visceral Larva Migrans
Authors: Mok C.H.
Published: November 2007

Visceral Larva Migrans (VLM), a syn drome occurring mainly in young children, is characterized not only by chronic eosino philia, hepatomegaly, hyperglobulinemia, but at times by involvements of lung, eye, central nervous system, heart, skin or other organs as a consequence of local larval mi grations. That Toxocaral infection is the most usual cause is now well established.

As a rule the course is benign but pro longed, though a few affected children have died.

Diagnosis is essentially clinical. Definite proof can be established only by demon stration of the presence of larvae in the tissue. Recent work on serologic diagnostic technics and intradermal tests with Toxo

cara antigen are suggestive of future use fulness.

No specific treatment is yet available. Di ethylcarbamazide has been tried without ap preciable effect on the eosinophilia. Recent studies indicate that thiabendazole may be of benefit.

Preventive measures are of the utmost importance.
Phenylketonuria in an American Negro Infant
Authors: Epps Roselyn Payne
Published: November 2007

Phenylketonuria occurs in approximately one out of ev ery 100,000 American Negro births.

This report of a Negro child with the disease care fully outlines her diagnosis, treatment, and physical and mental progress. Emphasized also is the need for even more widespread screening programs.
Clinical Review: Dermatoglyphics in Medicine
Authors: Stough Thomas R. , Rodman Seely J.
Published: November 2007

This review outlines the rudiments of dermatoglyphics and gives normal values for the various dermatoglyphic abnormalities which occur with certain chromosomal aberrations and with rubella embryopathy.
Postinfusion Phlebitis in Infants and Children
Authors: Fonkalsrud Eric W.
Published: November 2007

Infusion phlebitis occurs commonly in infants and children. The high frequency of phlebitis in infants with cutdowns appears to be the result of complete blocking of a small peripheral vein, thus not permitting the dilution and buffering of the infusate with blood. Generally, peripheral cutdowns should be used only when needle puncture is not feasible or when large fluid infusions or blood replacement are necessary. The acid pH of most commonly used glucose infusion solutions (3 to 5) causes chemical irritation to the endothelium which is then followed by inflammation and thrombosis. Buffering of glucose infusions with sodium bicarbonate immediately prior to administration has reduced the incidence of phlebitis in infants and children very significantly at the UCLA Hospital. A discussion of the major contributing factors to infusion phlebitis is presented here.
Psychiatric Difficulties in Siblings of Handicapped Children
Authors: Poznanski Elva
Published: November 2007

Because handicaps are long-term problems, they can affect the emotional growth and development of the other children in the household. Child psychiatrists see more siblings of handicapped children than handicapped children themselves.
Are Schools Safe?
Authors: Dale Marjorie , Smith Mary E.M. , Weil Janet W. , Parrish Henry M.
Published: November 2007

A study of 409 school accidents from elementary schools showed that boys have more accidents than girls, nonwhites more than whites, and second graders more than children in other grades from kindergarten through grade six. More accidents happened during the lunch hour and recesses than at other times during the day. Sixty-four per cent were head injuries. It is recommended that schools report and analyze school accidents and organize a safety committee.
Cleft-Palate Speech
Authors: Hartwell Shattuck W. , Batza Eugene M.
Published: November 2007

Distorted anatomy in the child with cleft palate interferes with his ability to make certain sounds in speech. Physicians should be aware of the goals of palatal reconstruction and of the clinical methods of speech analysis. A glossary of spoken sounds, and discussion of technics for determining suitability for speech training, are presented here.
Student Unrest in Secondary Schools
Authors: Faigel Harris C.
Published: November 2007

Many of the problems today are student inspired and family condoned. What well-meaning young teacher would make a house call to a ghetto residence where neither the student or the family cares one iota about education. If we gave housebound teaching to all the disruptive students in the Philadelphia schools, we'd need 50,000 teachers on 24-hour shifts. How do you convince the teacher to be tough and firm when he or she stands up in front of a classy she is terrified of her pupils, many of whom are nearly her age and a lot bigger. There are not enough psychiatrists in the U. S. A. to help all disruptive children in one of our larger cities.
Management of Children's Emotional Reactions to Severe Body Damage (Burns)
Authors: Loomis W.G.
Published: November 2007

Severely burned children experience profound emotional as well as physical trauma, and the management of the lat ter seemed well worthy of study. Ac cordingly the author saw professionally every burned child who was hospital ized at Colorado General Hospital for more than one day during nearly two years. There were 16 such patients of whom eight, all under five years old, were followed for a prolonged time.
Prevalence of Speech and Hearing Problems in a Child Development Clinic Population
Authors: Soloviovs Gerald
Published: November 2007

Data collected at the Child Development Clinic of the Univer sity of Iowa over two years indicate that a professional evalua tion of speech and hearing should be included routinely in eval uation of every child with problems of growth and development.
Cystic Fibrosis and Hearing
Authors: Kulczycki Lucas L. , Herer Gilbert R. , Butler James S.
Published: November 2007

All patients with cystic fibrosis should have periodic audiologic testing in addi tion to their other regular physical and laboratory evaluations. Mild conductive hearing losses are more prevalent in children with cystic fibrosis; however, these patients respond promptly to corrective medical and surgical procedures.
Management of Migratory Atelectasis and Pneumonitis in Guillain—Barré Syndrome
Authors: Liebman William M. , St. Ceme Joseph W.
Published: November 2007

Patchy transitory atelectasis and acute pulmonary infections constitute provocative therapeutic challenges in this disease.
Hospitalization and Its Effects upon the Total Child
Authors: Belmont Hernian S.
Published: November 2007

Every child psychiatrist in his daily work draws on a multiplicity of re sources from his diagnostic experiences. As this transcript of a lec ture to resident psychiatrists points out, any thorough understanding of the effects of physical illness and hospitalization upon a child calls for a synthesis of knowledge concerning genetic, maturational and devel opmental factors as well as insights into the psychodynamics of conflict.
Effects of Agitation of Donor Blood on Neonatal Exchange Transfusions
Authors: Schuerger George , Robertson Alex , Ertel Inta
Published: November 2007

Neonatal exchange transfusions have been simulated with a mechanical apparatus and mathematically. Both approaches show that the donor blood should always be well agitated during exchange transfusions to avoid undesired fluctuations in the baby's hematocrit and hemoglobin levels.
Reduced Population Growth as Related to the Urbanization Process: Medellin, Colombia
Authors: Marshall Carter L. , Paul Carol L.
Published: November 2007

Since 1952, birth rates in Medellin have been lower than those in rural Antioquia, and in the last five years city births have de clined still further. This change cannot be explained by the use of contraceptives and seems related to induced abortion and perhaps to less sexual exposure among women. An ecologic study of migration patterns in urban areas might provide new approaches to identifying variables which may act as population checks.
Clinical Review : Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Newborns
Authors: Lascari André D. , Wallace Peter D.
Published: November 2007

Abruptio placenta, asphyxia, toxemia of pregnancy, sepsis and gen eralized viral infections are common causes of disseminated intra vascular coagulation in newborn infants. Prolonged prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times, low fibrinogen level, and throm bocytopenia are typical laboratory findings. The decision to give anticoagulation therapy with heparin rests upon bleeding or thrombosis or both, the question of intracranial bleeding, and the duration of the anticoagulation required. Significant bleeding or thrombosis of vessels of vital organs requires heparinization.
Ischemic Intestinal Perforation in Newborns
Authors: Schwalb Eugene , Coryllos Elizabeth , Wiener Morris
Published: November 2007

Early diagnosis and prompt surgery can be life-sav ing in newborns with acute intestinal perforation.
Anencephaly in Central Virginia
Authors: Solowy Marian K. , Shepard Frank M.
Published: November 2007

From this nine-year survey a relation is postulated with an influenza epidemic which occurred during early gestation.
Streptococci in Children's Respiratory Infections: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Margileth A.M. , Mella Gordon W. , Zilvetti Eileen E.
Published: November 2007

Many pediatricians include nose and throat cultures in their management of children with minor respiratory-tract infec tions. They believe that the best safeguard against rheu matic fever and other complications of hemolytic strepto coccic infections is to identify that organism when present, and then give some antibiotic, usually penicillin, liberally. Thorough attention to the observations in this careful report will help to make our judgments more sound and helpful.
Late Onset of Disease in Congenital Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Miller Louis H. , Reifsnyder David N. , Martinez S. Alicia
Published: November 2007

Congenital toxoplasmosis should be considered as the pos sible cause of hydrocephalus, mental retardation, seizures or retinochoroiditis in infants and young children, even though these children appeared normal at the time of birth.
Clinical Review : Hematopoietic and Immunologic Tissue Grafting
Authors: Githens John
Published: November 2007

During the next few years investigations may provide many final solutions to the immunologic complications of hematopoietic and immunocompetent tissue grafting.
99mTc Pertechnetate Scans of Posterior Fossa Tumors in Children
Authors: Samuels L.D.
Published: November 2007

99mTechnetium as pertechnetate has proven to be safe, rapid and reliable in our experience in posterior fossa scanning. Even in relatively avascular cysts or cystic tumors there can be visualization. The relative uptake of 99mTc provides an in dication of vascularity and, indirectly, of relative malignancy.
The Roentgenographic Findings of Hirschsprung's Disease in Newborns and Infants
Authors: Zarabi Manuchehr , Sane Shashikant
Published: November 2007

A descriptive survey of this not uncommon disorder from one specialty's point of view.
Antibiotics 1971
Authors: Review Topical , Plotkin Stanley A.
Published: November 2007

The Tenth Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, which convened in Chicago from October 18 to 21, 1970, dealt with a wide range of topics on infectious diseases. Penicillins, cephalosporins and gentamicin dominated the discussions, with as much emphasis given to their pharmacology as to their antibacterial activity.

New Penicillins
The Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Solky Charles G. , Hoekelman Robert A.
Published: November 2007

The prevalence of known psychiatric dis turbance in one or both parents of a 15 per cent sample of children seen over a three month period in the emergency de partment of the University of Rochester Medical Center was 12 per cent. Compari son of this group with a control group of children utilizing the emergency depart ment whose parents did not have a known psychiatric disturbance showed no signifi cant differences for race, age, or sex of the children, in frequency of use of the emer gency department, inappropriate use of the emergency department, or frequency of ap pointment breaking. Parents with charac ter disorders and anxiety reactions were most apt to use the pediatric emergency department inappropriately.

Since the demographic and utilization characteristics reported upon are of no help in identifying emotional illness in par ents of children brought to the emergency department for care, more subtle indicators of psychosocial difficulties in parents are presented and methods of helping the phy sician in training to recognize and respond to them are outlined.