bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIFIDOTHYNNUS WUBINIENSIS, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNINI (HYMENOPTERA: TIPHIIDAE: THYNNINAE)
Authors: Brown G. R.
Published: April 2007

Bifidothynnus gen.n. is erected for Bifidothynnus wubiniensis sp.n. from Western Australia. Both sexes are described.
CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE KINETICS AS A MEASURE OF STRESS IN PLANTS INFESTED WITH APHIDS: IMPLICATIONS FOR STUDIES OF RESISTANCE
Authors: Blanco L. R. , Adamson H. Y. , Hales D. F.
Published: April 2007

Fast chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics are shown to be an early indicator of plant stress caused by aphid feeding. We report results for barley infested with Sitobion nr fragariae and for susceptible and resistant lucerne cultivars infested with spotted alfalfa aphid Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) f. maculata and pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). The method has potential in rapid assessment of plant susceptibility or resistance, and of aphid phytotoxicity, and may be equally applicable to studies of plant stress caused by other sucking insects, by mites and by plant pathogens.
DEVELOPMENT OF SCELIO BIPARTITUS KIEFFER (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE) IN DIAPAUSE EGGS OF GASTRIMARGUS MUSICUS (F.) (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Baker G. L. , Dysart R. J.
Published: April 2007

Two new developmental pathways were found in Scelio bipartitus parasitising diapause eggs of Gastrimargus musicus in a temperate region; overwintering as pharate adults within the host egg to emerge in spring; and overwintering as larvae with development to the adult stage and emergence in late spring. A third pathway, nondiapause development to the adult stage in late summer and emergence in autumn was observed for the first time in a temperate region. Parasitism rates ranged from 4.3–11.7% in the first year of an outbreak to 61.5–87.5% in the second (final) year. In Queensland, G. musicus occasionally overwinters as nymphs and oviposits in spring. Overwintering by S. bipartitus as pharate adults is a possible adaptation to this host developmental pathway.
DAILY TRAP CATCHES OF TWO EARWIG (DERMAPTERA) AND THREE CRICKET (ORTHOPTERA) SPECIES IN CENTRAL QUEENSLAND
Authors: Simpson G. B. , Mayer D. G. , Robertson L. N.
Published: April 2007

Daily light trap catches of Nala lividipes (Dufour), Labidura truncata Kirby (both Dermaptera: Labiduridae), Teleogryllus oceanicus (Le Guillou), Lepidogryllus comparatus (Walker), and L. parvulus (Walker) (all Orthoptera: Gryllidae) from 1 September 1986 to 31 August 1989 at Emerald were recorded. In 1986/87 and 1988/89 more N. lividipes, L. truncata and Lepidogryllus spp. were trapped than in 1987/88. More T. oceanicus were trapped in 1988/89 than the previous 2 years. More females than males were trapped for each species, and for the Dermaptera, more major than minor males. Significant (P < 0.01) regressions of numbers caught were obtained for all species using a multiplicative logistic curve utilising average air temperature and wind‐run as the independent variables, except for T. oceanicus where average temperature alone was suitable. Daily catch numbers for these species are interpreted and discussed from the prediction equations. Further sampling of the Lepidogryllus spp. and N. lividipes over a wider range of ecosystems is suggested. Field sampling should be done concurrently to correlate relative and absolute population estimates.
MONITORING BLACKFLY (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) PESTS
Authors: Ballard J. W. O. , Elder R. J.
Published: April 2007

Blackflies are common biting insect pests following flooding in northeastern Australia, yet there have been few attempts to quantify the severity of an outbreak. Two tent‐trap designs and human‐bait collections were used to estimate the numbers of Austrosimulium pestilens Mackerras and Mackerras and A. bancrofti (Taylor) s.l. females seeking a blood meal following flooding of the Fitzroy River near Rockhampton in 1991. A statistical model was constructed to predict changes in the number of trapped, and presumably host‐seeking flies, and to generate an equation relating tent‐trap captures and human‐bait collections. Tent‐traps placed in the open collected five flies in 32 min, the equivalent human biting rate of about 1/min. We suggest this is a threshold level at which control measures should be introduced to reduce the threat to humans.
FURTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF IMMATURE STAGES OF AUSTRALIAN CULICOIDINI (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) WITH A REVISED KEY TO PUPAE
Authors: Elson‐Harris M. M. , Murray M. D.
Published: April 2007

Pupae of four species of Culicoides (C. multimaculatus Taylor, C. oxystoma Kieffer, C. sigmoidus Lee and Reye and C. waringi Lee and Reye) are described and included in a revised key to pupae of 31 species of Culicoidini. The fourth instar larva of C. waringi is also described.
TWO SPECIES OF ACROCLISOIDES GIRAULT AND DODD (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) PARASITIC ON TRISSOLCUS BASALIS (WOLLASTON) (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE), A PARASITOID OF NEZARA VIRIDULA (L.) (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)
Authors: Clarke A. R. , Seymour J. E.
Published: April 2007

Two species of hymenopterous parasitoids in the genus Acroclisoides are recorded as parasitoids of the scelionid egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis, an introduced biological control agent of Nezara viridula, the green vegetable bug. This is the first time that hyperparasitoids have been reportedly associated with N. viridula.
RESISTANCE TO DELTAMETHRIN IN BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS (CANESTRINI) (ACARINA: IXODIDAE) IN NEW CALEDONIA
Authors: Brun L. O.
Published: April 2007

A strain (S) of Boophilus microplus collected from the east coast of New Caledonia was compared with a strain (R) from the west coast for resistance to deltamethrin. The R strain was significantly more resistant than strain S with a 5.7 fold resistance factor determined at the LD50 using the larval packet technique. This is the first report of synthetic pyrethroid resistance in B. microplus in New Caledonia.
TOXICITY OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES TO FOURTH‐INSTAR LARVAE OF CHIRONOMUS TEPPERI SKUSE (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)
Authors: Stevens M. M.
Published: April 2007

Commercial formulations of chlorpyrifos, trichlorfon, malathion, diazinon, temephos, fenthion, chlorfenvinphos and chlorpyrifos‐methyl were bioassayed at 25 ± 1 °C against fourth‐instar larvae of the rice bloodworm, Chironomus tepperi. Chlorpyrifos was the most toxic, with an LC50 of 1.3 ppb. The relative order of LC50s in ppb was (LC50 values in brackets); chlorpyrifos (1.3) < chlorpyrifos‐methyl (2.5) < temephos (2.8) < chlorfenvinphos (6.0) < malathion (8.4) < diazinon (35.5) < trichlorfon (67.4) < fenthion (159.4). All compounds are sufficiently toxic to be effective against C. tepperi in the field, but the results suggest that some insecticides, particularly chlorpyrifos, are being applied at excessive rates.
A LABORATORY ASSAY FOR ASSESSING THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DAMALINIA OVIS (SCHRANK) (PHTHIRAPTERA: TRICHODECTIDAE) TO AVERMECTINS
Authors: Rugg D. , Thompson D. R.
Published: April 2007

A bioassay suitable for the determination of dose responses of the sheep body louse, Damalinia ovis, to avermectins is described. The inclusion of wool/skin substrate resulted in approximately 90% survival of controls over the 48‐h test period. Ivermectin and abamectin were highly effective against D. ovis, and similar responses of pyrethroid‐susceptible and resistant strains indicated that there was no cross‐resistance to ivermectin.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF PIESTOLESTES BERGROTH (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE)
Authors: Malipatil M. B.
Published: April 2007

Two new species of Piestolestes, P. inermis and P. pallidifemur, are described and a key to the species of the genus is given.
TOLERANCE OF SUGARCANE CLONES TO FEEDING BY INOPUS RUBRICEPS (MACQUART) (DIPTERA: STRATIOMYIDAE)
Authors: Samson P. R. , Hansen P. B. , Mullins R. T.
Published: April 2007

Large differences in ratooning were observed between sugarcane clones in a variety trial that became infested with larvae of the sugarcane soldier fly Inopus rubriceps. To investigate this apparent resistance, pot experiments were carried out using two clones that responded differently in the trial. Soldier fly larvae reduced the number of ratoon shoots produced by both clones after harvest, with the commercial cultivar CP44–101 less affected than the experimental clone 81S595 under a range of growing conditions. This differential effect was consistent with field observations. The effect of soldier fly on plant growth prior to harvest was similar in both clones. Larval survival was independent of clone or larval density. The difference between the two clones appears due to a tolerance of soldier fly feeding by CP44–101. Pot experiments should be useful for screening commercial cultivars.
OVIPOSITIONAL ANTIXENOSIS TO CONTARINIA SORGHICOLA (COQUILLETT) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN GRAIN SORGHUM
Authors: Franzmann B. A.
Published: April 2007

The components of resistance to sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillett), in 20 genotypes of grain sorghum were assessed in six glasshouse trials by caging females on panicles. Fewer eggs were laid in sessile spikelets and a lower percentage of such spikelets was infested in all resistant lines compared with susceptible lines, indicating that ovipositional antixenosis was the major component involved. Pedicellate spikelets were not infested in lieu of sessile spikelets. In one line antixenosis to ovary‐feeding by larvae was indicated.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONTARINIA SORGHICOLA (COQUILLETT) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN PEDICELLATE SORGHUM SPIKELETS
Authors: Franzmann B. A.
Published: April 2007

Larvae of the sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola, develop more slowly in pedicellate (male) spikelets than in sessile (seed producing) spikelets on sorghum panicles. In pedicellate spikelets, total immature development time was 1.5 d slower than the 19.3 d taken in sessile spikelets. This difference has implications for the determination of development rate on midge‐resistant sorghums.
NEW EGG PARASITOID RECORDS FOR BIPRORULUS BIBAX (BREDDIN) (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)
Authors: James David G.
Published: April 2007

Five hymenopterous parasitoids, Trissolcus ogyges (Dodd), Trissolcus oeneus (Dodd) (Scelionidae), Ooencyrtus sp.n., Ectopiognatha major Perkins and Xenoencyrtus hemipterus (Girault) (Encyrtidae), are newly recorded from eggs of Biprorulus bibax with brief notes on parasitism biology.
THE USE OF ENCLOSURES FOR SHORT‐TERM PESTICIDE TRIALS ON INVERTEBRATES IN SHALLOW WETLANDS
Authors: Pinder A. M. , Harrington S. A. , Davis J. A.
Published: April 2007

Six cylindrical plastic enclosures were used to test the effects of an organophosphate pesticide (temephos) on a pest chironomid, Polypedilum nubifer Skuse, in a shallow wetland. High mortality of larval P. nubifer occurred in the treated enclosures compared to the controls, and few differences in the physico‐chemical properties of the water were recorded between treated and control enclosures, and the surrounding non‐enclosed region. These results indicate that small, portable, in situ mesocosms can provide a useful tool for assessing the effects of pesticides or pollutants in wetlands.
HOST STATUS OF SOME AUSTRALIAN‐GROWN CUCURBITS TOBACTROCERA TRYONI(FROGGATT)(DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Jessup A. J. , McCarthy D.
Published: April 2007

Australian‐grown cucumbers, baby squash, pumpkins and zucchini were able to host Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) under laboratory experimental conditions designed by New Zealand quarantine authorities. “Blackjack” zucchini were more able to host B. tryoni to pupation than “Crystal Salad” cucumbers and “Queensland Blue” pumpkins. “Green Gem” cucumber, “Sunburst” baby squash and “Green Buttons” baby squash were of intermediate susceptibility. Alternate methods of pest risk evaluation are discussed.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Bailey Winston J.
Published: April 2007

Cannibalism: Ecology and evolution among diverse taxa. M. A. Elgar and D. J. Crespi (Eds).
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Spradbery J. P.
Published: April 2007

The New World Screwworm Eradication Programme North Africa 1988–1992. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations: Rome. 1992. 192 pp. ($A50 from: Hunter Publications, 58A Gipps Street, Collingwood, VIC. 3066).
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Wells Alice
Published: April 2007

Methods for Collecting, Preserving, and Studying Insects and Allied Forms. Murray S. Upton.
A SCRUB TYPHUS VECTORLEPTOTROMBIDIUM DELIENSE(WALCH) (ACARI: TROMBICULIDAE) ON RATS IN LITCHFIELD PARK, NORTHERN TERRITORY, AUSTRALIA
Authors: Bell P. J. , Whelan P. I.
Published: April 2007

A scrub typhus vector, Leptotrombidium deliense, is reported from Litchfield Park in the Northern Territory. A small mammal trapping survey in areas of the park visited by two confirmed cases of scrub typhus showed a high prevalence of L. deliense in the three native rat species Rattus tunneyi (Thomas), R. colletti (Thomas) and Melomys burtoni (Ramsay).
NEW BRISTLE TAILS (ARCHAEOGNATHA: MEINERTELLIDAE) FROM AUSTRALIA
Authors: Sturm H. , Smith G. B.
Published: April 2007

Machilelloides incoloratus gen. et sp.n. and Machiloides granulatus sp.n. are described. This is the first record of Machiloides Silvestri from the Australian mainland. The genus Machilellus Silvestri is reported for the first time from Australia with the record of Machilellus orientalis Silvestri from Queensland. The phylogenetic relationships and zoogeographical importance of the material are discussed.
Endosulfan Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Australia
Authors: Gunning R. V. , EASTON C. S.
Published: April 2007

Helicoverpa armigera larvae and adults were collected from New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland from 1974 to 1990 and laboratory cultures were established. Endosulfan was topically applied to third instar larvae of the first or second laboratory generations of the field collections and to a susceptible laboratory strain. the highest levels of endosulfan resistance (> 50‐fold) were recorded in 1974 following several years of endosulfan use in the field. Resistance was not detected from 1977 to 1983 when pyrethroids were substituted for endosulfan in the field. Since then, resistance has become widespread with the re‐introduction of endosulfan use. However, these resistance levels have remained generally low with only 5 of the 82 strains tested having resistance factors above 10‐fold. the highest level of resistance recorded after 1984 was 23‐fold and laboratory selection with endosulfan increased this to 163‐fold. From 1986 to 1990, 15–20% of individuals in populations of H. armigera from unsprayed areas of NSW were endosulfan resistant. the Helicoverpa insecticide resistance management strategy appears to have limited endosulfan resistance.
Insect Herbivory in a River Red Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) Forest in Southern New South Wales
Authors: Stone C. , BACON P. E.
Published: April 2007

The influence of insect herbivory on tree growth was examined in a river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) forest in southern New South Wales. Mature E. camaldulensis trees treated with the systemic insecticide monocrotophos lost an average of 13.9%± 1.6 of potential leaf area from current season's foliage compared with 22.3%± 1.6 from untreated trees. the most common form of damage was caused by leaf‐chewing insects. Leaf tissue lost by sap‐sucking, leafmining or galling insects was minimal. A total of 49 species of phytophagous insects were collected from the E. camaldulensis canopies. the insecticide‐treated trees had significantly higher rate of diameter increment (2.9 cm ± 1.1 vs. 0.7 cm ± 0.1). They also possessed healthier crowns and significantly larger leaf length/width ratios. the insecticide treatment had no significant effect on potential area per leaf or mean specific mass of the sampled foliage. the level of insect herbivory in nearby saplings was not significantly different to that of the mature trees.
An Allozyme Method for Identifying Individual Aphids of Morphologically Similar Taxa (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: TURAK E. , HALES D. F.
Published: April 2007

We describe a simple method, using allozyme electrophoresis, that enables the identification of individual aphids, and demonstrate its application to the Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi)‐Sitobion nr fragariae complex of species and chromosomal races.
The Response of Helicoverpa punctigera (Waliengren) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to DDT, Endosulfan, Deltamethrin and Fenvalerate
Authors: Gunning R. V. , EASTON C. S.
Published: April 2007

Helicoverpa punctigera populations were collected from field locations in Australia from 1974 to 1991 and their responses to insecticides used for H. punctigera control were determined. Insecticides were topically applied to third instar larvae. the LD50s for deltamethrin, fenvalerate, endosulfan and DDT ranged from 0.002–0.006 μg/larva (nine population samples tested), 0.004–0.02 μg/larva (48 samples); 0.5–1.7 μg/larva (18 samples); 1.5–2.8 μg/larva (8 samples), respectively. There was no evidence of H. punctigera resistance to DDT, endosulfan, deltamethrin and fenvalerate. We suggest that field resistance development in H. punctigera has been retarded by ecological factors which may limit insecticide exposure.
Australian Mantispidae (Neuroptera): Supplementary Notes 2
Authors: LAMBKIN K. J. , NEW T. R.
Published: April 2007

Two new species of Australian Mantispidae, Theristria taroom from inland, southeastern Queensland and Campion kroombitensis, from Kroombit Tops, central Queensland, are described and figured.
Pyrethroid Synergism by Piperonyl Butoxide in Bovicola ovis (Schrank) (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae)
Authors: LEVOT GARRY W.
Published: April 2007

Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergised the synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) cypermethrin, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin and alpha‐cypermethrin in a concentration‐dependent manner in susceptible and both low‐and high‐SP‐resistant strains of the sheep body louse Bovicola ovis. Synergism ratios as high as 23 x were recorded when 200 mg/L PBO was mixed with deltamethrin in bioassays with the highly resistant Hartley strain. High PBO synergism implicates mono‐oxygenase detoxification of SPs as a major cause of SP resistance in B. ovis. the possibility of mixing PBO with existing SP lousicide products to control pyrethroid resistant lice is discussed.
Evidence from 12S Ribosomal RNA Sequences Resolves a Morphological Conundrum in Austrosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: BALLARD J. WILLIAM O.
Published: April 2007

Systematic analysis of 12S ribosomal RNA sequences supports the proposal that adults of Austrosimulium pestilens Mackerras and Mackerras and A. bancrofti (Taylor) s.l. may be distinguished by antennal segment number. However, there were too few informative positions within the region sequenced to resolve the phylogenetic affinities of the distinct cytological forms within A. bancrofti s.l. These data demonstrate that 12S rRNA can aid phylogenetic resolution of blackfly morphospecies but not cytological forms.
Control of Phaulacridium vittatum (Sjöstedt) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Field Cages using an Oil‐based Spray of Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Rozsypal (Deuteromycetina: Hyphomycetes)
Authors: MILNER R. J. , HARTLEY T. R. , LUTTON G. G. , PRIOR C.
Published: April 2007

Conidia of an isolate of Metarhizium flavoviride, F1985 suspended in oil were sprayed onto mainly adult Phaulacridium vittatum (Sjöstedt) in field cages at two dose rates: 2 × 109 and 2 × 108 conodia/mL. Both rates were effective in killing all P. vittatum in the cages in 3 weeks, under the prevailing cool conditions. Samples of grasshoppers taken from the treated cages at 4, 8 and 14 d post‐spraying died within 1–6 d when placed at constant 26°C in the laboratory. Samples of foliage fed to healthy grasshoppers showed that some infections conidia persisted for 14 d. the results indicate that it may be possible to control P. vittatum with an oil‐based spray of conidia of M. flavoviride.
Biology of Pseudoheteronyx sp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on the Central Highlands of Queensland
Authors: ROBERTSON L. N. , KETTLE B. A.
Published: April 2007

The life cycle, development rates, fecundity and survivorship of Pseudoheteronyx sp. were studied in the laboratory and field. Adults fed on leaves of Asteraceae (sunflower and Parthenium hysterophorus L., an introduced weed). Larvae in the soil fed on cereal roots and on crop residues but developed faster on living wheat roots compared to wheat stubble. the shortest development time for larvae was 8 months under laboratory conditions. Teneral adults appeared in the field at the start of the summer wet season (usually December). Sex ratio was 1:1. Size could not be used to separate the sexes, which were morphologically similar. Adults began laying eggs about 8 weeks after adult emergence. Under moist soil conditions in the laboratory, adults laid eggs for 1 year except during 4–6 weeks in winter when mean monthly temperature dropped below 20°C. When confined in groups of up to 20 adults, Pseudoheteronyx sp. laid an average 18.5 eggs per female when fed sunflower leaves, and 3.0 eggs per female when fed leaves of Parthenium. Individually confined females fed sunflower leaves laid 10–51 eggs during their life. Natural enemies recorded in the field included fungal pathogens (Metarhizium, Beauveria, Hirsutella and Cordyceps spp.) and milky disease (Bacillus popilliae).
Preliminary Field Trial on the Control of Phaulacridium vittatum (Sjöstetd) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Populations with Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Rozsypal (Deuteromycetina: Hyphomycetes)
Authors: BAKER G. L. , MILNER R. J. , LUTTON G. G. , WATSON D. M.
Published: April 2007

Conidia of Metarhizium flavoviride isolate F1985 were applied to a field population of Phaulacridium vittatum near Dalgety, New South Wales as an oil‐based ULV spray and an oil/water emulsion high volume spray to 0.25 ha plots at a rate equivalent to 3.56 × 1012 conidia/ha. As a comparison, one plot was treated with fenitrothion e.c. at 240 g.a.i./ha. the M. flavoviride high volume treatment reduced P. vittatum densities from 18–28 m−2 to < 8 m−2 within 10 d. the density was reduced by a similar extent by the insecticide treatment. the ULV treatment showed a delayed decline, occurring between day 10 and 17. the control plots also showed a decline at this time which was due to spray drift and dispersal. One month after treatment densities averaged 4.5m−2 in M. flavoviride treatments, 5.0 m−2 in the insecticide treatment and 8.5m−2 in control plots. P. vittatum field collected up to 32 d after treatment sporulated after death in the laboratory suggesting lateral transmission of the disease in the field. This is the first demonstration of carryover of M. flavoviride in the field.
Spatial Distribution and Mortality of Helicoverpa spp. Pupae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under Field Crops on the Darling Downs, Queensland
Authors: MURRAY D. A. H. , ZALUCKI M. P.
Published: April 2007

The spatial distribution and mortality of Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) and H. armigera (Hübner) pupae were investigated under field crops on the Darling Downs, Queensland. Mean pupal depth was 47.3 mm for H. punctigera and 46.2 mm for H. armigera. For each species, the mean depth of male pupae was significantly greater than that of female pupae. In rain‐grown crops where distinct ridges were not formed for the plant rows, pupae were evenly distributed across the inter‐row space. Average pupal survival was 36.6% (range 11.8–70.2). Parasitism averaged 37.0% (range 8.2–61.9). Seven primary parasitoids and four hyperparasitoids were recorded from pupae. Predation by Agrypnus sp. larvae was recorded under sorghum. More intensive sampling of non‐diapausing, overwintering and spring diapausing pupal populations are warranted to further investigate mortality factors.
Comparison of a Pledget Technique with Other Methods for Bloodfeeding Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for Virus Studies
Authors: WELLS P. J. , VALE T. G. , RUSSELL R. C. , CLOONAN M. J.
Published: April 2007

Three artificial methods for feeding blood/arbovirus mixtures to mosquitoes were investigated. A blood‐soaked cotton pledget provided better feeding rates of Aedes vigilax (Skuse) and Culex annulirostris Skuse than a blood‐filled rat tail skin or a membrane feeder when compared to a live rat.
A Review of Cadra Walker in Australia: Five New Native Species and the Two Introduced Pest Species (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae)
Authors: HORAK MARIANNE
Published: April 2007

Five new species of Cadra Walker, C. reniformis, C. perfasciata, C. corniculata, C. acuta and C. rugosa, are described from Australia, and the two cosmopolitan pest species present, C. cautella (Walker) and C. figulilella (Gregson), are figured. the native Australian species form a monophyletic group within the genus. Their biology is unknown. They have never been recorded from stored products, though the distribution of several species coincides with well‐populated regions.
Enhanced Monooxygenase Activity in Pyrethroid‐resistant Strains of Bovicola ovis (Schrank) (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae)
Authors: KOTZE A. C.
Published: April 2007

Monooxygenase enzyme activity (aldrin epoxidation) was measured in microsomes prepared from pyrethroid‐resistant and ‐susceptible strains of the sheep body louse, Bovicola ovis. Enzyme activity was elevated 2.1‐fold and 4.1‐fold in strains showing resistance levels to cypermethrin (at LC50) of 17‐fold and 183‐fold, respectively, compared to a susceptible strain. This suggests involvement of the monooxygenase system in the observed pyrethroid resistance. the pyrethroid‐resistant strains showed no cross‐resistance to DDT, thus providing no evidence of a nerve‐insensitivity resistance mechanism. General esterase levels (measured using α‐naphthyl acetate) were similar in resistant and susceptible strains.
Morphology of the Early Stages of Mycalesis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) From North‐eastern Australia
Authors: BRABY M. F.
Published: April 2007

The early stages of Mycalesis perseus (F.), M. terminus (F.) and M. Sirius (F.) are described from Townsville and Cardwell, north‐eastern Australia. the species show close morphological similarities in the egg and early instar larvae. They diverge in both structure and behaviour from about third instar onwards. Final instar larva” of M. terminus and M. Sirius are brown, whereas those of M. perseus are polymorphic though predominantly green. Pupal polymorphism occurs in all three species: pupae are mostly green but dark brown morphs occur during the dry winter months.
Seasonality and Host Relationships of Insects Associated with Oothecae of Archimantis latistyla (Serville) (Mantodea: Mantidae)
Authors: COOMBS MARC
Published: April 2007

The seasonal incidence of insects associated with oothecae of Archimantis latistyla was studied from August 1991 to July 1992 at Armidale, N.S.W. Three species of insect, in addition to A. latistyla nymphs, were recorded emerging from oothecae. These were a torymid parasitoid Podagrion sp., a chloropid fly Gaurex sp., and a dermestid beetle Orphinus sp. A. latistyla adults deposited oothecae from mid summer (January) through to early autumn (April). Podagrion parasitise newly laid oothecae. Sex allocation by Podagrion was highly female‐biased. Sex ratios (proportion male) of between 0.11 and 0.40 were most common. Following emergence of A. latistyla nymphs and of Podagrion, oothecae were utilised by Gaurex and Orphinus. Peak occurrence of these two species occurred during winter and early spring (May to September). Both species appeared to feed largely as scavengers within the oothecae. Orphinus larvae consumed the internal fabric of the oothecae.
Revision of Leioproctus (Filiglossa) Rayment (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)
Authors: MAYNARD GLYNN
Published: April 2007

Leioproctus (Filiglossa) is revised and females are described for the first time. Three species, Leioproctus(Filiglossa) davisi, L. (F.) hamatus and L. (F.) prolatus are described as new. Four species of Leioproctus (Filiglossa) are recognised. These species are found in southeastern Australia and are unusual in having very long hairs originating from the apex of the maxillary galeae, a very elongate third labial palp segment, and a hair‐like fourth labial palp segment.
Ecological Observations on the Spinifex Ant, Ochetellus flavipes (Kirby) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), of Australia's Northern Arid Zone
Authors: MORTON S. R. , CHRISTIAN K. A.
Published: April 2007

Ochetellus flavipes constructs covered runways across the surface of the ground by fastening grains of sand together with resin from spinifex grasses (Triodia and Plectrachne spp.), and travels inside the runways from its nests to the spinifex hummocks. the ants also build shelters from the same material enclosing mealybugs, Prorsococcus acanthodus, which are tended on spinifex by the ants. the ants occur patchily, and are known from less than 30 localities across a vast area of northern Australia. Topographic positions of these localities suggest that peculiarly favourable moisture conditions are necessary to support both mealybugs and attendant ants. Microclimatic conditions and thermal tolerances of the ants were assessed to investigate the possibility that the runways allow the ants to ameliorate their thermal environment, but the results do not support this notion. We suggest that the structures may serve as protection from predators and/or parasites.
Suspected Resistance to Methidathion in Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) from Queensland
Authors: COLLINS P. J. , LAMBKIN T. M. , BODNARUK K. P.
Published: April 2007

The first indication of resistance to organophosphorus insecticides in red scale, Aonidiella aurantii, from Australia is noted from the Mundubbera region, Queensland. Samples of scale‐infested fruit were dipped in a commercial formulation of methidathion and the mortality of sessile first instars was recorded. Analysis of variance revealed that two populations contained significant numbers of first instars surviving the insecticide treatment. Presence of resistance to methidathion in red scale populations would limit its usefulness in pest management programs and may indicate cross‐resistance to other organophosphates.
Phenotypic Variation in Adult Mycalesis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the Australian Wet‐dry Tropics
Authors: BRABY M. F.
Published: April 2007

Phenotypic variation in the wing underside eyespot elements and size variation in female forewing length were analysed in three Australian butterflies of the tropical genus Mycalesis Hübner over 2 years at Cardwell (18°16′S), north‐eastern Queensland. Variation in spot size is strongly seasonal with distinctive wet‐season and dry‐season forms. Adult females of all three species are characterised by smaller ocelli during the dry cooler winter, whereas individuals with larger ocelli predominated throughout the wet hotter summer‐autumn months. Phenotypic change is less pronounced and more gradual in M. sirius, and most dramatic in M. perseus with the dry‐season form also lacking the conspicuous wing underside lines and bands. Dry‐season forms are typically larger (at least in M. perseus and M. terminus), less active, aggregate in moist refugia and often reproductively dormant during the dry season. Wet‐season forms usually reproduce directly and rarely diapause or aggregate. Seasonal polyphenism in these satyrines may be a dry season survival strategy, minimising risk of predation through crypsis during the period when females diapause and aggregate.
First Record of the Family Otopheidomenidae (Acarina Mesostigmata) in Australia, with Description of Nabiseius melinae sp.n.
Authors: HALLIDAY R. B.
Published: April 2007

The family Otopheidomenidae is recorded from Australia for the first time on the basis of Nabiseius melinae sp.n., collected from Creontiades sp. (Hemiptera: Miridae), on which it is presumed to be parasitic. A checklist of the family Otopheidomenidae is provided.
Colpomorpha parva, a New Genus and Species of Liparetrini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from Western Australia
Authors: SZITO A.
Published: April 2007

Colpomorpha parva, a new genus and species of Liparetrini, is described from Coorow, Western Australia.
Book Review
Authors: LAWRENCE JOHN F.
Published: April 2007

Larvae of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera): a systematic overview. Brenda M. May. Fauna
Comparison of the Respiratory Currents Produced by Ephemeropteran Nymphs with Operculate Gills
Authors: NOTESTINE MARY K.
Published: April 2007

The respiratory currents produced by ephemeropteran nymphs with operculate gills are described for the genera Tasmanocoenis Lestage (Caenidae) from Australia, and Neoephemera McDunnough (Neoephemeridae) and Tricorythode Ulmer (Tricorythidae) from the United States. Flow pathways were followed by using a suspension of elemental silicon powder (300 μn diameter and finer) in small observation aquaria containing the nymphs. These nymphs are found in silty habitats and the different water paths observed probably assist in keeping the respiratory surfaces of the gills clean.
New Species, Subgenus and Records of Bactrocera Macquart from the South Pacific (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae)
Authors: DREW R. A. I. , HANCOCK D. L.
Published: April 2007

Bactrocera (Bulladacus) subgen.nov. is described to include nine species of Asian and Pacific Dacinae. B. (Afrodacus) grandistylus sp.nov., B. (Bulladacus) gnetum sp.nov. and B. (Notodacus) paraxanthodes sp.nov. are described and illustrated, the latter being closely related to B. xanthodes (Broun), an economic species with which it has been confused. B. (Bactrocera) passiflorae (Froggatt) and B. (Bulladacus) aenigmatica (Malloch) are revised and a new colour form of the former illustrated, while the male of the latter is described and illustrated for the first time.
Initial Field Assessment of Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Rozsypal (Deuteromycetina: Hyphomycetes) for Control of Chortoicetes terminifera (Walker) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: HOOPER G. H. S. , MILNER R. J. , SPURGIN P. A. , PRIOR C.
Published: April 2007

An oil based formulation of an Australian isolate of Metarhizium flavoviride was applied as an ultra low volume spray against nymphal bands of Chortoicetes terminifera in spring 1993. Up to 41% of sprayed locusts, sampled 1 d after treatment, died from the disease when incubated at 20‐28°. Field observations 21 d after spraying showed that the density of the treated nymphal bands was one‐third that of the controls.
Adossa gen. n. and Two New Species of Sericini (A. sylvicola and A. infera) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from Tasmania
Authors: BRITTON E. B.
Published: April 2007

Adossa, a new genus of Sericini (Melolonthinae) and new species A. sylvicola and A. infera are described on material from Tasmania.
First Record of Dock Sawfly Ametastegia glabrata (Fallén) in Australia (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
Authors: MALIPATIL M. B. , NAUMANN I. D. , WILLIAMS D. G.
Published: April 2007

The first Australian record of dock sawfly, Ametastegia glabrata, attacking raspberries in Victoria is presented, along with notes on its biology.
First Report of B‐Biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Australia
Authors: GUNNING ROBIN V. , BYRNE FRANK J. , CONDÉ BARRY D. , CONNELLY MEGAN I. , HERGSTROM KAYE , DEVONSHIRE ALAN L.
Published: April 2007

B‐type Bemisia tabaci was detected in Australia for the first time in October 1994. the insects were identified by esterase isoenzyme patterns. the initial identifications were made in B. tabaci collected from a rockmelon crop in Darwin (N.T.) and in a Tamworth (N.S.W.) plant nursery.
Larval Development of Blaesoxipha pachytyli (Skuse) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), a Parasite of Grasshoppers and Locusts (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Australasia
Authors: BAKER G. L.
Published: April 2007

The parasitic development of Blaesoxipha pachytyli larvae was studied in Chortoicetes terminifera (Walker) in the laboratory. At constant temperature larval development ranged from 3.75 d at 35°C to 7.9 d at 20°C. Post‐parasitic survival to pupal and adult stages was positively correlated with larval weight at time of emergence from the host. Larval weight was related to host stage and the nutritional status of the host.
A New Genus and Species of Apochrysinae (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from Australia, with a Checklist of Australian Chrysopidae
Authors: WINTERTON S. L.
Published: April 2007

Lauraya retivenosa gen. et sp.n. is described from material collected from northern Queensland earlier this century and incorrectly identified as Nobilinus albardae phantoma (Gerstaecker). Consequently, the record of N. a. phantoma from Australia is erroneous. A revised key to the world Apochrysinae and a checklist of the Australian Chrysopidae with current generic designations are presented. New distribution records are given for the Australian Apochrysinae and the male genitalia of Oligochrysa lutea (Walker) are refigured.
Revision of Hypogomphus Spinola in Australia (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: McDONALD F. J. D.
Published: April 2007

Hypogomphus bufo (Westwood), H. rugosus Spinola and H. rotundatus (Dallas) are redescribed. Five new species (brunneus, fulvolateris, minimus, musgravei and palmeri) are described. A key to species is given.
Close to the Edge: Microhabitat Selection by Neurostrota gunniella (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), a Biological Control Agent for Mimosa pigra L. in Australia
Authors: SMITH CAREY S. , WILSON COLIN G.
Published: April 2007

Relative density of Neurostrota gunniella larvae in branches of giant sensitive plant, Mimosa pigra at the edge and interior of thickets was estimated by measuring characteristic feeding damage. the proportion of branches attacked by N. gunniella was high throughout and indistinguishable by location in the thicket. However, edge branches were more heavily damaged by larvae than branches in the interior, in both wet and dry seasons. Edge branches also had more leaves and leaflets at the end of the dry season, but not at the end of the wet season. Implications for biological control of M. pigra are discussed.
Voltinism and Host Plant Use by Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Southeastern Queensland
Authors: VELASCO L. R. I. , WALTER G. H. , HARRIS V. E.
Published: April 2007

Aspects of the ecology of Nezara viridula were studied in soybean‐growing areas of southeastern Queensland, Australia. Trends in population density, the number of generations, and the sequence of host plants used were investigated. Two principal generations were completed in a season, as shown by a bimodal occurrence of egg masses, nymphs and reproductively immature adult females. Nymphs were numerous relative to adults during two periods, once between late spring and early summer (mainly on wild crucifers: Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. and Raphanus raphanistrum L.) and again in early autumn (on pod‐filling soybean). This pattern was consistent across study sites. Between midsummer and late summer, population densities were extremely low and most bugs were in the adult stage. the adult bugs were found on several host plant species, including Medicago sativa L., Datura ferox L., D. stromonium L., Ricinus communis L., Zea mays L., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb. and Physalis virginiana L. Possible explanations for the low number of generations completed during the 8 months that the bugs were not in diapause and for low bug numbers during the summer months are evaluated. We suggest that host plant availability and suitability were the major factors contributing to the observed patterns in the population dynamics of N. viridula and that egg parasitism was not important.
Invertebrate Faunal Survey of Rope Ladder Cave, Northern Queensland: a Comparative Study of Sampling Methods
Authors: WEINSTEIN PHILIP , SLANEY DAVID
Published: April 2007

The macroinvertebrate fauna of Rope Ladder Cave, a tropical cave in northern Queensland, was surveyed for the first time. Fourteen species in 14 families and 10 orders were recorded in pitfall traps, leaf litter traps and by visual searching. They comprised 13 cave dwelling species (four guanophiles, four generalist detritivores, and five predators) and 1 opportunistic forager from the surface. Wet leaf‐litter traps were used for the first time as a survey method of cave fauna, and proved very effective. Such traps simulate the thriving state of a tropical cave following natural flooding. Direct searching was also very effective, but is more dependent on the presence of a surveyor with previous experience.
Evaluation of Petroleum Spray Oils and Polysaccharides for Control of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
Authors: BEATTIE G. A. C. , LIU Z. M. , WATSON D. M. , CLIFT A. D. , JIANG L.
Published: April 2007

An experiment to determine the efficacy of sprays containing polysaccharides (0.025‐0.2 g/L water) and/or petroleum spray oil (1.25‐10 mL/L water) for control of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella, unequivocally demonstrated that oil sprays suppress the number of mines/leaf. Oil concentrations ≥2.5 mL/L of water were effective, but the polysaccharides had no effect. We recommend sprays containing 2.5‐5 mL oil/L of water. the results are discussed in relation to their perceived importance in citrus integrated pest management programs and historical recommendations for the use of oils to control the pest.
Lachesilla quercus (Kolbe) (Psocoptera: Lachesillidae): First Record in Australia and a New Pest of Grain Stores
Authors: REES DAVID P. , WRIGHT E. JANE
Published: April 2007

The first records of Lachesilla quercus in Australia are reported. In November 1992, L. quercus was found infesting grain storage facilities in Esperance, Western Australia (WA). Since then it has been found at other coastal or near coastal facilities in southwestern WA and on the Eyre Peninsula of South Australia. In these areas it has become a pest of a status apparently unrecorded in other countries. It lives on the surface of bulks of grain and on walls and other structures, apparently feeding on dusts that result from grain handling.
Revision of Chrysocolletes Michener stat. nov. (Hymenoptera: Colletidae), and Descriptions of Four New Species
Authors: MAYNARD GLYNN
Published: April 2007

The colletine subgenus Leioproctus (Chrysocolletes) Michener, 1965 is revised and raised to generic level. Five species, Chrysocolletes moretonianus (Cockerell, 1905), C. enigma n. sp., C. houstoni n. sp., C. pilosus n. sp. and C. strangomeles n. sp. are recognised and described. A key and figures are provided for differentiation of species. L. (C.) crenulatus Michener, 1965 remains in Leioproctus S.S.
Females of the Genus Austromyzinum (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae: Myzininae)
Authors: BROWN G. R.
Published: April 2007

Anthobosca nubilipennis Turner, 1910 (Anthoboscinae) is transferred to Austromyzinum Brown, 1985 (Myzininae) and two new species, A. aquilonium and A. austrinurn, described. The females of A. transversum Brown, 1985 and A. dissociatum (Turner, 1940). are described for the first time and the name A. flavum proposed for Austromyzinum species 1 of Brown (1985). A key to females is given.
Revision of the Iridomyrmex discors Species‐group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: SHATTUCK S. O.
Published: April 2007

The discors species‐group of the ant genus Iridomyrmex Mayr is defined for the first time and revised at the species level. The group is composed of two species, I. discors Forel and I. obscurior Forel (the latter previously a subspecies of I. discors). The names I. discors aeneogaster Wheeler, I. discors occipital is Forel and I. discors occipitalis exilior Forel (an unavailable infrasubspecific name) are newly synonymised with I. discors. I. discors is distributed broadly across southern Australia (excluding Tasmania) and occupies a wide range of habitats. I. obscurior is known from only two collections, both relatively moist sites in southeastern Australia.
The Australian Ant Genus Froggattella Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Revisited
Authors: SHATTUCK S. O.
Published: April 2007

The dolichoderine ant genus Froggattella Forel is revised. The genus contains two species, F. kirbii (Lowne) and F. latispina Wheeler. Froggattella kirbii is widely distributed in sclerophyll woodlands of Australia while F. latispina is known from only two localities in South Australia. The subspecies F. kirbii bispinosa Forel, F. k. ianfhiana Wheeler, F. k. laticeps Wheeler, F. k. lutescens Wheeler and F. k. nigripes Wheeler are newly synonymised under F. kirbii.
The Bactrocera (Notodacus) xanthodes (Broun) Species Complex (Diptera: Tephritidae): Comparison of 18s rRNA Sequences From Fiji, Tonga and Vanuatu Specimens Suggest Two Distinct Strains
Authors: HOEBEN P. , DANIEL L. J. , MA JING , DREW R. A. I.
Published: April 2007

Preliminary data suggest that fly specimens from Fiji, Tonga and Vanuatu presently classified as Baclrocera (h'otoducus) xanfhodes (Broun) show significant divergence at the 18s ribosomal RNA gene level. Sequencing data indicate that the Vanuatu specimen may be considered a strain separate from that on Fiji and Tonga.
Meconium Egestion by Larvae of Ropalidia Guérin (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) without Adult Aid, with a Note on the Evolution of Meconium Extraction Behaviour in the Tribe Ropalidiini
Authors: KOJIMA J.
Published: April 2007

Larval ability to eject the waste accumulated in the gut (meconium) without adult aid is discussed in the Ropalidiini, for which meconium extraction by adult wasps through the hole in the cell base is an autapomorphic behaviour. Most (85%) post‐feeding larvae of Ropalidia turneri, an independent founder that makes exposed nests, can egest the meconia without any assistance from adults. On the other hand, in R. romandi, which is a swarm founder and constructs a large, enveloped nest, success in unaided meconium egestion by larvae in the cell was significantly less frequent (49%) than in R. turneri, but 80% of larvae could egest meconia unaided when they were removed from the cells. Unlike Belonogaster larvae, which have lost the ability to eject the meconia by themselves, larvae of Ropalidia can, at least potentially, excrete the meconia by themselves. The failure of meconium ejection in Ropalidia seems to occur when a larva is unable to take a suitable position within the cell for meconium egestion.
A New Technique for Accessing Tree Canopies to Measure Insect Herbivory
Authors: JACKSON R. V.
Published: April 2007

Studies of insect herbivory in trees have been limited by logistical problems associated with obtaining repeated samples from upper and peripheral canopy locations, and with the need to limit damage to trees as a consequence of sampling. This paper describes the technique of using a safe, portable, repeatedly assembled aluminium scaffolding tower to access tree canopies which, because of lack of strength, do not permit use of other sampling techniques. The tower inflicts minimal damage on trees and permits repeated sampling within canopies, thus making it an appropriate device for herbivory studies. It could also be used in studies of floristics, pollination and invertebrate abundance and distribution.
Taxonomic Focus and Quality Control in Insect Surveys for Biodiversity Conservation
Authors: NEW T. R.
Published: April 2007

The roles of detailed taxonomic interpretation in insect surveys are discussed, with emphasis on rapid biodiversity assessment, the levels of focus or penetration needed in particular contexts, and optimising the use of limited taxonomist expertise and resources. Quality control necessitates taxonomic accuracy and precision, and approaches to increasing these are noted. The complementary roles of taxonomists and ecologists in undertaking and analysing insect surveys are outlined, and a practical agenda linking their expertise is suggested as a means of improving capability in insect surveys for practical conservation.