bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Platform for the interdisciplinary study of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurovascular diseases (PICMAN) protocol
Authors: Dalakoti Mayank , Leow Melvin Khee Shing , Khoo Chin Meng , Yang Hayang , Ling Lieng Hsi , Muthiah Mark , Tan Eunice , Lee Jonathan , Dan Yock Young , Chew Nicholas , Seow Wei Qiang , Soong Poh Loong , Gan Louis , Gurung Rijan , Ackers-Johnson Matthew , Hou Han Wei , Sachaphibulkij Karishma , MacAry Paul , Low Gwen , Ang Christy , Yeo Tee Joo , Djohan Andie Hartanto , Li Tony , Yeung Wesley , Soh Rodney , Sia Ching Hui , Panday Vinay , Loong Shaun S. E. , Tan Benjamin Y. Q. , Yeo Leonard L. L. , Teo Lynette , Chow Pierce , Foo Roger
Published: November 2023

Through extensive multisystem phenotyping, the central aim of Project PICMAN is to correlate metabolic flexibility to measures of cardiometabolic health, including myocardial diastolic dysfunction, coronary and cerebral atherosclerosis, body fat distribution and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This cohort will form the basis of larger interventional trials targeting metabolic inflexibility in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Participants aged 21–72 years with no prior manifest atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) are being recruited from a preventive cardiology clinic and an existing cohort of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in an academic medical centre. A total of 120 patients will be recruited in the pilot phase of this study and followed up for 5 years. Those with 10-year ASCVD risk ≥ 5% as per the QRISK3 calculator are eligible. Those with established diabetes mellitus are excluded. Participants recruited undergo a detailed assessment of health behaviours and physical measurements. Participants also undergo a series of multimodality clinical phenotyping comprising cardiac tests, vascular assessments, metabolic tests, liver and neurovascular testing. Blood samples are also being collected and banked for plasma biomarkers, ‘multi-omics analyses’ and for generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Extensive evidence points to metabolic dysregulation as an early precursor of cardiovascular disease, particularly in Asia. We hypothesise that quantifiable metabolic inflexibility may be representative of an individual in his/her silent, but high-risk progression towards insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The platform for interdisciplinary cardiovascular-metabolic-neurovascular diseases (PICMAN) is a pilot, prospective, multi-ethnic cohort study.
Urbanization and a green corridor do not impact genetic divergence in common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.)
Authors: Breitbart Sophie T. , Agrawal Anurag A. , Wagner Helene H. , Johnson Marc T. J.
Published: November 2023

Urbanization is altering landscapes globally at an unprecedented rate. While ecological differences between urban and rural environments often promote phenotypic divergence among populations, it is unclear to what degree these trait differences arise from genetic divergence as opposed to phenotypic plasticity. Furthermore, little is known about how specific landscape elements, such as green corridors, impact genetic divergence in urban environments. We tested the hypotheses that: (1) urbanization, and (2) proximity to an urban green corridor influence genetic divergence in common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) populations for phenotypic traits. Using seeds from 52 populations along three urban-to-rural subtransects in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada, one of which followed a green corridor, we grew ~ 1000 plants in a common garden setup and measured > 20 ecologically-important traits associated with plant defense/damage, reproduction, and growth over four years. We found significant heritable variation for nine traits within common milkweed populations and weak phenotypic divergence among populations. However, neither urbanization nor an urban green corridor influenced genetic divergence in individual traits or multivariate phenotype. These findings contrast with the expanding literature demonstrating that urbanization promotes rapid evolutionary change and offer preliminary insights into the eco-evolutionary role of green corridors in urban environments.
Fast multiple-trait genome-wide association analysis for correlated longitudinal measurements
Authors: Abdel-Azim Gamal , Patel Parth , Li Shuwei , Guo Shicheng , Black Mary Helen
Published: November 2023

Large-scale longitudinal biobank data can be leveraged to identify genetic variation contributing to human diseases progression and traits trajectories. While methods for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of multiple correlated traits have been proposed, an efficient multiple-trait approach to model longitudinal phenotypes is not currently available. We developed GAMUT, a genome-wide association approach for multiple longitudinal traits. GAMUT employs a mixed-effects model to fit longitudinal outcomes where a fast algorithm for inversion by recursive partitioning of the random effects submatrix is introduced. To evaluate performance of the algorithms introduced and assess their statistical power and type I error, stochastic simulation was conducted. Consistent with our expectation, power was greater for cross-sectional (CS) than longitudinal (LT) effects, particularly with a diminishing LT/CS ratio. With a minimum minor allele count of 3 within genotype by time categories, observed type I error was roughly equal to theoretical genome-wide significance. Additionally, 28 blood-based biomarkers measured at 2 time points on participants of the UK Biobank were used to compare GAMUT against single-trait standard and longitudinal GWAS (including rate of change). Across all biomarkers, we observed 539 (CS) and 248 (LT) significant independent variants for the GAMUT method, and 513 (CS) and 30 (LT) for single-trait longitudinal GWAS, respectively. Only 37 variants were identified by modeling rates of change using standard GWAS.
Forecasting the El Niño type well before the spring predictability barrier
Authors: Ludescher Josef , Bunde Armin , Schellnhuber Hans Joachim
Published: November 2023

El Niño events represent anomalous episodic warmings, which can peak in the equatorial Central Pacific (CP events) or Eastern Pacific (EP events). The type of an El Niño (CP or EP) has a major influence on its impact and can even lead to either dry or wet conditions in the same areas on the globe. Here we show that the difference of the sea surface temperature anomalies between the equatorial western and central Pacific in December enables an early forecast of the type of an upcoming El Niño (p-value < 10−3). Combined with a previously introduced climate network-based approach that allows to forecast the onset of an El Niño event, both the onset and type of an upcoming El Niño can be efficiently forecasted. The lead time is about 1 year and should allow early mitigation measures. In December 2022, the combined approach forecasted the onset of an EP event in 2023.
Phylogenetic comparative analysis of the cerebello-cerebral system in 34 species highlights primate-general expansion of cerebellar crura I-II
Authors: Magielse Neville , Toro Roberto , Steigauf Vanessa , Abbaspour Mahta , Eickhoff Simon B. , Heuer Katja , Valk Sofie L.
Published: November 2023

The reciprocal connections between the cerebellum and the cerebrum have been suggested to simultaneously play a role in brain size increase and to support a broad array of brain functions in primates. The cerebello-cerebral system has undergone marked functionally relevant reorganization. In particular, the lateral cerebellar lobules crura I-II (the ansiform) have been suggested to be expanded in hominoids. Here, we manually segmented 63 cerebella (34 primate species; 9 infraorders) and 30 ansiforms (13 species; 8 infraorders) to understand how their volumes have evolved over the primate lineage. Together, our analyses support proportional cerebellar-cerebral scaling, whereas ansiforms have expanded faster than the cerebellum and cerebrum. We did not find different scaling between strepsirrhines and haplorhines, nor between apes and non-apes. In sum, our study shows primate-general structural reorganization of the ansiform, relative to the cerebello-cerebral system, which is relevant for specialized brain functions in an evolutionary context.
Symmetrically dispersion-engineered microcombs
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Zhang Yanfeng , Xie Yaozu , Lin Shuqing , Zeng Shihao , Wu Zhaoyang , Yu Siyuan
Published: November 2023

Normal-dispersion microcombs have gained significant attention for their features, including high conversion efficiency, deterministic generation, and thermal management-free operation. However, most of the demonstrated microcombs in the normal-dispersion regime heavily rely on asymmetric local dispersion anomalies, which introduce odd-order dispersion components and originate asymmetric spectral characteristics. In this study, we present a scheme that employs two symmetrically positioned local dispersion alterations on either side of the pump mode. This configuration enables direct mode-locked microcombs, referred to as ‘dark pulses’ or ‘platicons’, while preserving spectral symmetry. The platicon microcombs exhibit efficient conversion, spectral symmetry, and can be generated with high repeatability. Furthermore, we demonstrate the deterministic generation of perfect platicon crystals with highly symmetric spectra by precisely controlling the position of the two symmetric dispersion alterations relative to the pump mode. Our proposed method offers a reliable approach for achieving power-efficient microcombs with highly symmetric spectra, and can be transferred to other integrated nonlinear platforms.
An intermediate level of disturbance with customary agricultural practices increases species diversity in Maya community forests in Belize
Authors: Downey Sean S. , Walker Matthew , Moschler Jacob , Penados Filiberto , Peterman William , Pop Juan , Qin Rongjun , Scaggs Shane A. , Song Shuang
Published: November 2023

Across the planet, Indigenous societies control, use, and manage large tracts of tropical forest that are crucial for combating climate change. Here we investigate whether customary Indigenous agricultural practices can increase forest species diversity using swidden (aka, slash-and-burn) agriculture. We examine the community lands surrounding two Q’eqchi’ Maya villages in southern Belize using high-resolution multispectral imagery that we collected with drones, ground truth data related to land use and history, and a plant and tree biodiversity survey. We use computational methods including simulation and Bayesian modeling to analyze the relationship between spectral diversity, forest diversity, and landscape disturbance. Our key result, replicated in both villages, is that the highest level of spectral diversity (a proxy for forest diversity) is associated with an intermediate level of forest disturbance. In conclusion, we suggest that concepts from complex adaptive systems can provide an important conceptual framework for understanding how ecosystem enhancement can emerge from customary Indigenous land use practices.
Unveiling the antibacterial strategies and mechanisms of MoS2: a comprehensive analysis and future directions
Authors: Shen Jiahao , Liu Junli , Fan Xiuyi , Liu Hui , Bao Yan , Hui AiPing , Munir Hafiz Akif
Published: November 2023

The antibacterials strategy of MoS2 base materials.
Resonance and structural assignment in (car)borane clusters using 11B residual quadrupolar couplings
Authors: Rüttger Franziska , Stalke Dietmar , John Michael
Published: November 2023

11B RQCs from stretched polystyrene gels provide the correct 11B resonance assignment in (car)borane clusters in a single step.
Comment on “Cumulant mapping as the basis of multi-dimensional spectrometry” by Leszek J. Frasinski, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 20776–20787
Authors: Andersson Åke
Published: November 2023

I derive an explicit expression that is nonzero only when n fragment signals originate from a common event.
Regulation of saturation magnetization of magnetite by doping with group III elements
Authors: Ren Yanying , Li Yaning , Xu Nan , Guo Kun , Xu Zhaohui , Chen Xin , Liu Hongsheng , Gao Jufeng
Published: November 2023

The doping behavior of group III elements (Al, Ga, and In) depends on the concentration of dopants. Appropriate Ga and In doping concentrations can significantly increase the MS of Fe3O4.
Biaxial strain modulated electronic structures of layered two-dimensional MoSiGeN4 Rashba systems
Authors: Li Puxuan , Wang Xuan , Wang Haoyu , Tian Qikun , Xu Jinyuan , Yu Linfeng , Qin Guangzhao , Qin Zhenzhen
Published: November 2023

This work comprehensively investigates the electronic structure of strained layered MSGNs, which highlights the biaxial strain controllable Rashba spin splitting and the evolution of Lifshitz-type spin splitting near Fermi surface.
Canonical titration simulations
Authors: Bakhshandeh Amin , Levin Yan
Published: November 2023

We present a Monte Carlo approach for performing titration simulations in the canonical ensemble.
Cryogenic fluorescence spectroscopy of oxazine ions isolated in vacuo
Authors: Kjær Christina , Vogt Emil , Langeland Jeppe , Christensen Nanna Falk , Lindkvist Thomas Toft , Kjaergaard Henrik G. , Nielsen Steen Brøndsted
Published: November 2023

Fluorescence-excitation spectra and dispersed fluorescence spectra of gaseous oxazines at 100 K. Combining vibrationally resolved spectra with TD-DFT calculations enable assignment of important vibrations that couple with the electronic transition.
Rejuvenating propylene carbonate-based electrolytes by regulating the coordinated structure toward all-climate potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Zixing , Luo Kang , Wu Jian-Fang , Gao Peng , Wang Kexuan , Chen Shi , Tu Jian , Fan Xiulin , Liu Jilei
Published: November 2023

In this work, we designed PC-based electrolytes rich in AGGs and CIPs, forming a robust and KF-rich SEI interface and enabling a low desolvation barrier, further alleviating various challenges at all-climate temperatures of PIBs.
Enhancing the electrical transport properties of two-dimensional semiconductors through interlayer interactions
Authors: Tang Qinghang , Han Shihao , Yao Mingjia , Singh David J. , Xi Jinyang , Liu Huijun , Yang Jiong
Published: November 2023

Thermoelectric materials attract great attention due to promising applications in refrigeration and waste heat recovery.
Correction: Solid-state cooling: thermoelectrics
Authors: Qin Yongxin , Qin Bingchao , Wang Dongyang , Chang Cheng , Zhao Li-Dong
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘Solid-state cooling: thermoelectrics’ by Yongxin Qin et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2022, 15, 4527–4541, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EE02408J.
Cyclic voltammetry activation of magnetron sputtered copper–zinc bilayer catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Fu Yang , Wei Shilei , Du Dongfeng , Luo Jingshan
Published: November 2023

We present a novel method to prepare bimetallic Cu–Zn catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction using sputtering and subsequent electrochemical cyclic voltammetry treatment.
A fast double-stack column chemical separation of Zn and Mo from geological samples for isotopic analysis by MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Han Yan , Zhou Lian , Shi Minghui , Hu Yating , Zhang Ge , Hou Xin , Feng Lanping
Published: November 2023

A new chemical separation procedure is developed to simultaneously isolate Zn and Mo from a single sample aliquot based on employing a tandem column comprising AG MP-1M resin and DGA resin.
4D printing of hydrogels based on poly(oxazoline) and poly(acrylamide) copolymers by stereolithography
Authors: Brossier Thomas , Habib Michel , Benkhaled Belkacem Tarek , Volpi Gael , Lapinte Vincent , Blanquer Sebastien
Published: November 2023

4D printed hydrogels have been generated by DLP, using resins composed of two distinct thermosensitive copolymers (poly(oxazoline) and poly(acrylamide)) and exhibit remarkable volume morphing capabilities with temperature modulation.
3D interconnected N-doped graphene architecture encapsulated with oxygen-deficient TiO2 nanotube array: synergism of oxygen vacancy and carbon materials on enhanced sulfur conversion and catalytic activity of TiO2 nanotube array in Li–S batteries
Authors: Abdulrazzaq Shaymaa Jabbar
Published: November 2023

3D TiO2 nanowire with oxygen vacancy in N-doped graphene aerogel (OVTNW/NGA) enhances Li–S batteries. This heterostructure improves cyclability, rate efficiency, and areal capacity. Defect engineering boosts adsorption and catalysis, promising improved Li–S batteries.
Facile surface functionalization of triboelectric layers via electrostatically self-assembled zwitterionic molecules for achieving efficient and stable antibacterial flexible triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Chang Chih-Yu , Yang Jia-Ruei , Liu Yi-Shan , Panda Abhisek
Published: November 2023

This work reports a facile and effective strategy to achieve high-performance and stable antibacterial flexible triboelectric nanogenerators by utilizing an electrostatically self-assembled zwitterionic molecule as the surface modification layer.
Sensitizing chemotherapy for glioma with fisetin mediated by a microenvironment-responsive nano-drug delivery system
Authors: Wang Wanyu , Zhang Yuanyuan , Jian Yue , He Shi , Liu Jiagang , Cheng Yongzhong , Zheng Songping , Qian Zhiyong , Gao Xiang , Wang Xiang
Published: November 2023

In this work, we designed a microenvironment-responsive nano-delivery system to enhance the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy, which provided a feasible scheme to solve drug resistance and achieve targeted therapy.
1,3-Dianionic annulation of ketones with ketene dithioacetal: a modified route to 3-aryl/cyclopropyl-5-thiomethyl-phenols and 1-(methylthio)-9,10-dihydrophenanthren-3-ols
Authors: Shaw Ranjay , Prakash Prasoon , Althagafi Ismail , Giri Nand Gopal , Pratap Ramendra
Published: November 2023

A simple and efficient approach was developed via the 1,3-dianionic annulation of acetone to afford multifunctional phenols.
Modeling selectivity of antimicrobial peptides: how it depends on the presence of host cells and cell density
Authors: Lee Suemin , Schefter Bethany R. , Taheri-Araghi Sattar , Ha Bae-Yeun
Published: November 2023

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), naturally-occurring peptide antibiotics, are known to attack bacteria selectively over the host cells.
Temperature reconfigurable skyrmionic solitons in cholesteric liquid crystals
Authors: Shen Yuan , Qaiser Maryam , Dierking Ingo
Published: November 2023

A novel reversible transformation between torons and cholesteric fingers is demonstrated in a cholesteric twist inversion liquid crystal. The torons are shown to be topologically protected and act as nucleation sites for cholesteric fingers.
Development of bioactive and ultrasound-responsive microdroplets for preventing ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis
Authors: Zhang Yi , Dang Yi , Huang Maodi , Ma Yaping , Zhang Dingmei , Wang Xin
Published: November 2023

Illustration presenting the targeted osteoclastogenesis of bioactive MDs-NFATc1 in a schematic diagram.
Enzyme function and evolution through the lens of bioinformatics
Authors: Ribeiro Antonio J. M. , Riziotis Ioannis G. , Borkakoti Neera , Thornton Janet M.
Published: November 2023

Enzymes have been shaped by evolution over billions of years to catalyse the chemical reactions that support life on earth. Dispersed in the literature, or organised in online databases, knowledge about enzymes can be structured in distinct dimensions, either related to their quality as biological macromolecules, such as their sequence and structure, or related to their chemical functions, such as the catalytic site, kinetics, mechanism, and overall reaction. The evolution of enzymes can only be understood when each of these dimensions is considered. In addition, many of the properties of enzymes only make sense in the light of evolution. We start this review by outlining the main paradigms of enzyme evolution, including gene duplication and divergence, convergent evolution, and evolution by recombination of domains. In the second part, we overview the current collective knowledge about enzymes, as organised by different types of data and collected in several databases. We also highlight some increasingly powerful computational tools that can be used to close gaps in understanding, in particular for types of data that require laborious experimental protocols. We believe that recent advances in protein structure prediction will be a powerful catalyst for the prediction of binding, mechanism, and ultimately, chemical reactions. A comprehensive mapping of enzyme function and evolution may be attainable in the near future.
Asynchronous SAR ADC with self‐timed track‐and‐hold
Authors: Bae Sunghyun , Lee Sewon , Seong Siheon , Woo Jiwon , Lee Minjae
Published: November 2023

This paper presents an asynchronous SAR ADC featuring a self‐timed track‐and‐hold (STH) architecture. The design aims to address the common timing issue of divider‐based clock generation, where the fixed‐time track‐and‐hold (FTH) period often results in incomplete conversions due to prolonged conversion times time due to comparator metastability. To alleviate the degradation of the ENOB induced by these delays, the proposed STH method is introduced so that more conversion period is secured without requiring a high‐speed input clock. Based on measurements, the proposed STH method achieves up to 0.7 bit improvement over the conventional FTH approach as conversion time increases.
Adaptive pseudo‐spectrum based track‐before‐detect for targets with uncertain existence
Authors: Li Peiyuan , Zhou Gongjian
Published: November 2023

In the existing velocity filtering based track‐before‐detect (VF‐TBD), target existence is generally assumed to be constant, and multiple successive frames in a sliding window are jointly processed. However, when the target existence changes abruptly in a processing batch, the incorporation of noise‐only frames may corrupt target energy integration. This results in degraded detection and estimation performances with serious decision delays. A pseudo‐spectrum based VF‐TBD is proposed to effectively detect and track targets with existence uncertainty. An adaptive integration strategy is developed to realise effective energy accumulation with only informative frames by matching target appearance and disappearance times in addition to the velocity. The change of target existence can be discovered in time, and the decision delay is reduced. An estimation strategy based on the maximum output SNR is presented to supply accurate estimations of not only target motion parameters (including the position and velocity) but also time parameters (including appearance and disappearance times). The target output envelope, SNR gain and receiver operating characteristic curve of targets with uncertain existence are analysed theoretically. Numerical simulations exhibit the validity of the proposed method.

The cover image is based on the Original Article Adaptive pseudo‐spectrum based track‐before‐detect for targets with uncertain existence by Peiyuan Li et al., https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12502.
Grain-size measurements in protoplanetary disks indicate fragile pebbles and low turbulence
Authors: Jiang Haochang , Macías Enrique , Guerra-Alvarado Osmar M. , Carrasco-González Carlos
Published: November 2023

Context. Constraining the turbulence level and pebble size in protoplanetary disks is an essential initial step in understanding the aerodynamic properties of pebbles, which are crucial for planet formation. Recent laboratory experiments have revealed that destructive collisions of icy dust particles may occur at much lower velocities than previously believed. These low fragmentation velocities push down the maximum grain size in collisional growth models.

Aims. Motivated by the smooth radial distribution of pebble sizes inferred from ALMA/VLA multi-wavelength continuum analysis, we propose a concise model to explain this feature and aim to constrain the turbulence level at the midplane of protoplanetary disks.

Methods. Our approach is built on the assumption that the fragmentation threshold is the primary barrier limiting pebble growth within pressure maxima. Consequently, the grain size at the ring location can provide direct insights into the turbulent velocity governing pebble collisions and, by extension, the turbulence level at the disk midplane. We validate this method using the Dustpy code, which simulates dust transport and coagulation.

Results. We applied our method to seven disks, namely TW Hya, IM Lup, GM Aur, AS 209, HL Tau, HD 163296, and MWC 480, for which grain sizes have been measured from multi-wavelength continuum analysis. A common feature emerges from our analysis, with an overall low turbulence coefficient of α ~ 10−4 observed in five out of seven disks when assuming a fragmentation velocity υfrag = 1 m s−1. A higher fragmentation velocity would imply a significantly larger turbulence coefficient than that suggested by current observational constraints. IM Lup stands out, with a relatively high coefficient of 10−3. Notably, HL Tau exhibits an increasing trend in α with distance. This supports enhanced turbulence at its outer disk region, which is possibly associated with the infalling streamer onto this particular disk. Alternatively, if the turbulence were found to be low, this might indicate that grain sizes have not reached the growth barrier.

Conclusions. We conclude that the current (sub)mm pebble size constrained in disks implies low levels of turbulence; it also implies fragile pebbles, which is consistent with recent laboratory measurements.
Secondary purulent mediastinitis clinical presentation: Features & treatment
Authors: Azimbayev N. M. , Eshiev A. M. , Kurmanbekov N. O. , Pakyrov Zh. K.
Published: November 2023

The article describes the features of the clinical presentation of acute purulent secondary mediastinitis in 8 patients undergoing inpatient treatment in maxillofacial surgery of the Osh Interregional Joint Clinical Hospital. An autopsy of the purulent-necrotic focus by external access and drainage of the wound was performed in 5 patients with anterior mediastinitis. The operation was performed according to our modified technique of opening the oral cavity floor and neck. Tonsillogenic phlegmons lead to posterior mediastinitis, surgical intervention is performed by the method of active drainage of the posterior mediastinum with hermetic closure of the neck wound using the Kanshin method. This method of surgical intervention was performed in 3 patients. Timely diagnosis and adequate modified drainage of acute purulent mediastinitis gave a positive result in the recovery of patients. All patients with anterior and posterior mediastinitis were discharged home in satisfactory condition.
Legal protection of biotechnological developments
Authors: Shefrukova Sabina , Estamirov Raybek
Published: November 2023

The current state of the biotechnology market in Russia is difficult to assess from different points of view. On the one hand, the country is significantly behind compared to the leading countries in this industry in terms of production volumes, level of market development and growth rates. On the other hand, in Russia there is a growing demand for biotechnological products from consumers. This growth is driven by factors such as an increasing population, changing healthcare needs and increased awareness of the benefits of biotechnology solutions. This growing demand represents an opportunity for both Russian and foreign biotechnology companies. However, there are a number of problems, among which are the high dependence on imports of key biotechnological products, as well as the lack of our own innovative products in this area. To strengthen the competitiveness of the biotechnology market and ensure domestic innovative products, measures are needed to stimulate investment in research and development, promote research and educational institutions, create a supportive regulatory environment and develop human capital in this area.
Carbon polygons: Greenhouse gas monitoring methods
Authors: Eskiev Muslim , Jandarova Louise , Akhmieva Roza
Published: November 2023

The study of carbon polygons and their role in greenhouse gas dynamics is of paramount importance in the context of climate change and global environmental concerns. Carbon polygons, also known as peat plateaus or peat polygons, represent unique ecosystems found in northern regions, which play a significant role in the global carbon cycle. These landscapes consist of a mosaic of waterlogged polygon centers and elevated rims, characterized by diverse vegetation and complex hydrological processes. One of the key concerns regarding carbon polygons is their potential to release greenhouse gases, primarily methane and carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere. As global temperatures rise and permafrost thaws in northern areas, these ecosystems become critical focal points for scientific research and monitoring.
Integration function in cluster structures as an aspect of the implementation of sustainable regional development
Authors: Lyamzin Oleg , Skurikhina Anna
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this article is to analyze the processes of integration of educational and research functions carried out by organizations participating in cluster structures at the present time, as well as to develop individual recommendations for improving the efficiency of these processes. The article is intended to identify new opportunities for increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of cluster structures, which are an important modern factor in ensuring sustainable territorial development. The article is intended to identify new opportunities for improving the efficiency and competitiveness of cluster structures. As a methodological base, the works of such authors as K. Haewon, J. Lee, Y. Xu et al. The result of the research work is a list of recommendations for improving the mechanism for introducing educational and research functions into the cluster structure in order to increase the efficiency of each of its participants and the entire system as a whole.
Investment policy of the region as a factor of sustainable development
Authors: Basnukaev Musa , Bataev Ismaiil , Gaisumov Adam
Published: November 2023

The investment policy of the region is studied using the example of the Chechen Republic. Priority investment projects and government support measures for project initiators implemented in the region are considered. The actions of the republican authorities on the ongoing work to attract domestic and foreign investors are shown, carrying out for these purposes the process of progressive practical implementation of a set of powers related to the regulation and regulation of the investment process. In the process of direct practical implementation of the chosen course of regional investment policy, a set of measures has been outlined, the purpose of which is to attract the maximum amount of investment to the region for the subsequent modernization of the industrial complex of the Chechen Republic, improving production efficiency and expanding production capacity, creating conditions for entering new markets. It is concluded that significant positive transformations are observed in the region and significant efforts and resources have been accumulated for the subsequent implementation of activities in conditions of sustainable growth and development.
General and special tax system as tools of socio-economic development
Authors: Hasanova Satsita
Published: November 2023

The coordinated work of the country's tax system largely determines the vector of development of the state in socio-economic terms. Excessive tax burden leads to entrepreneurs going into the shadows, and its significant reduction can lead to an unacceptable decrease in state revenues, which determines the introduction of tax regimes in the country that reduce the tax burden on small and medium-sized businesses. This stimulates entrepreneurship, and, accordingly, production, thereby solving many socio-economic problems of the state, such as problems with employment, poverty, etc. The article discusses the main taxes and tax regimes in Russia, their advantages and disadvantages and acceptability for certain organizations.
Sustainable Consumption and Production Development in the Context of Retail Transformation Influenced by Digitization
Authors: Gorevaya Evgenia , Noskov Nikita
Published: November 2023

The subject of the research is the formation and development of models of rational consumption and production in the context of the digital economy's development and the transformation of the economic context, institutional structures, social expectations, and consumer behavior models. The authors examine the evolution of the sustainable consumption and production concept in Russia, provide a detailed characterization of models of rational consumption in the context of the digital economy and the growth of online processes and transactions.
Urban development: Do non-profit organizations help achieve its goals?
Authors: Prostova Dina , Istomina Natalia , Jalilov Elvin
Published: November 2023

Non-profit organizations are not only drivers of the development in the country, but also in cities and settlements. They provide employment, try to develop active interaction between government bodies and society, solving urgent problems of the population, creating a comfortable urban environment, thereby attracting business and investment. This study examines non-profit organizations in the Yekaterinburg, their activities to improve the lives of citizens, measures to upgrade the city and its neighborhoods. The United Nations predicts that by 2050, two-thirds of all humanity about 6.5 billion people will live in cities, especially in developing countries. State and municipal bodies cannot achieve sustainable urban development without a significant change in the management of urban spaces. In their turn, non-profit organizations can quickly and qualitatively assist in the development of the city. In this research, the authors analyze the relationship between the functioning of non-profit organizations and the sustainable development of the city.
Optimization of agro-ecosystem in the Baikalia forest -steppe zone on the basis of floodplain hayfields cultivation
Authors: Kozlova Zoya V. , Kolocheva Vlada V.
Published: November 2023

The results of the research study for determination the influence of the agronomic and technological operations the development of the agricultural areas and preservation of surrounding territories that promotes to increasing productivity in the conditions of the sustainable region development are considered in the article. By conducting the research various methods of the haymaking sod processing combined with treatment of natural herbage with herbicides were used. The analysis of the received data was found out that combination the herbicidal treatment with disking the turf can be used by development of degraded hayfields areas with small plant tussocks. The authors proposed the ways to improve the herbage, calculated economic efficiency of the technologies being developed and given the phytocoenotic and agroeconomic proving the effectiveness.
The influence of treatments with silicon preparations and organic preparations on the physiological activity of salad and niger seed microgreens when growing in an urban phytotron
Authors: Simina Daria , Eliseeva Ludmila , Zelenkov Valery , Latushkin Vyacheslav
Published: November 2023

The article discusses the features of the influence of silicon preparations and organic preparations on the consumer properties of microgreens, salad and niger seed (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f) Cass). The results of physical and chemical analyzes of microgreens are presented and the main aspects of the most effective technology for growing microgreens in an urban phytotron are formed.
Development of plant-based high-protein bakery products with antioxidant activity
Authors: Rozhdestvenskaya Lada , Lomovsky Igor , Baktybekova Zhibek
Published: November 2023

In this paper was studied the method of development of high-protein bakery products based on vegetable raw materials, covering 20% of the daily requirement in proteins and antioxidants with 100 grams of the product. Organoleptic, physico-chemical parameters, nutritional value and amino acid composition of four samples of bakery products are estimated. The questions of preservation of antioxidant activity of tea on the basis of use of technologies of extraction followed by microencapsulation and mechanochemical processing are considered.
Use of nexus-approach principles in M&E systems of national nutrition and quality of life programs
Authors: Rozhdestvenskaya Lada , Romanenko Sergey , Lachugin Alexey
Published: November 2023

Contemporary nutritional approaches to nutritional rationalization make it necessary to constantly evaluate and analyze the impact of consumed diets on the human body and the environment from the standpoint of sustainable development. The scale of water and energy resources used in food systems makes us think about the directed change of food stereotypes. A system for monitoring and evaluating the catering of target groups can be a tool that can help with the implementation of the task. This article gives an example of the developed software tool for the implementation of the M&E system, the principle of its design and functioning suggests options for using the information obtained during the evaluation to establish new behavioral stereotypes of a healthy lifestyle in relation to young people.
Transformation of consumer values among representatives of generation Z
Authors: Vinichenko Victoriya , Spiridonova Ekaterina , Ruzaeva Irina
Published: November 2023

The article examines the characteristics of consumer behavior of Generation Z representatives. An analysis of available literary sources has shown that the existing idea of A. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is also undergoing a process of transformation. A number of identified changes are described. Influenced by primary production factors, proposed by K. Marx, and other specific factors of production – entrepreneurial talent and information, the features of rational consumer behavior are consider ed. It was found that all considered factors of production have a positive impact on consumption, with the exception of information. To confirm the findings empirically, a study was conducted including the opinions of more than a thousand respondents belonging to Generation Z. All conclusions were confirmed. However, one of the issues made it possible to obtain an unexpected result, there must be a special focus on it.
Sport and healthy lifestyle as a condition for sustainable development
Authors: Korsun Ksenia , Zadorina Mariia , Murashov Vladislav
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the problems of sports development as one of the key means of popularizing a healthy lifestyle among the population in the context of sustainable development. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization) and specific scientific methods (sociological and historical) were used during the research. The article presents the results of a survey of people who live in Yekaterinburg and are over the age of 18 (N=118, 2023) regarding sports and a healthy lifestyle. Special attention is paid to sports and its impact on national identity and economic development of the state. The role of the state in the development of sports and physical culture is also analyzed. The problems that negatively affect the development of sports and, as a result, its use as a means of spreading a healthy lifestyle are highlighted. It is concluded that the solution of the accumulated problems in the field of sports is possible only thanks to the joint efforts of the state, business community and population.
Absolute neutron and photon flux characterization in the CNESTEN’s TRIGA Mark II research reactor
Authors: Ghninou H. , Gruel A. , Lyoussi A. , Reynard-Carette C. , El Younoussi C. , El Bakkari B. , Boulaich Y.
Published: November 2023

The National Center for Nuclear Energy, Sciences and Technology (CNESTEN) located in Rabat, Morocco, operates a 2 MW TRIGA Mark II research reactor. This type of reactor is specially designed to effectively implement the various fields of nuclear research such as neutron activation analysis, neutron radiography, detectors testing, radioisotopes production as well as education and training. In the last few years, a collaboration between the French Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission (CEA) and the CNESTEN was established to expand the utilization of the TRIGA computational model by carrying out new in-situ measurements in order to characterize neutron and photon fields within and beyond the TRIGA reactor core. These new measurements will consolidate the knowledge of neutron and photon fluxes in different irradiation and instrumentation channels. The results of these experiments will also be used to extend the experimental validation of the new developed TRIPOLI-4® computational model of the reactor and to quantify the uncertainties and biases. This paper focuses on the neutron and photon flux characterization of two irradiation channels inside the TRIGA reactor core. Neutron measurements are ensured by activation dosimetry whereas photon measurements are ensured by thermo-luminescent detectors (TLD400 – CaF2: Mn). Based on these techniques, the experiments were carried out during an experimental campaign conducted in June 2022. Preceding the implementation of these measurements, two experimental devices were specifically designed and manufactured to ensure a reproducible positioning of the detectors in the selected irradiation channels. This paper presents the experimental results analysis and the associated uncertainty quantification. These results will be then compared to the calculation ones obtained by the computational models of the TRIGA reactor.
Assessment of the gamma and neutron dose field around the closed-water activation loop at the JSI TRIGA reactor
Authors: Kotnik Domen , Snoj Luka , Lengar Igor
Published: November 2023

A closed-water activation loop is being built at the Jožef Stefan Institute TRIGA reactor in Slovenia to serve as a well-defined and stable source of high-energy gamma rays and neutrons. The radial piercing port, which penetrates the graphite reflector and touching the reactor core was chosen for the installation of the closed-water loop due to the high neutron flux and favourable shielding conditions of the surrounding concrete bioshield. The main objective of this work is to assess the neutron and gamma dose field outside the port to obtain important details for the final design of the inner part of the irradiation facility and to assess the background noise for the detectors. The main part of the work consists of the design of the shielding plugs and the construction of a detailed MCNP model of the whole irradiation facility. The dose field calculations were performed with a two-step hybrid transport approach using ADVANTG for variance reduction and MCNP for particle transport. Such deep penetration and shielding calculations are challenging and computationally intensive. The results showed that the dose rate using shielding plugs is more than 7 orders of magnitude lower compared to an empty open port. To reduce the computational uncertainty, further optimisation of the ADVANTG input is essential. The final design of the shielding plugs is described. Additional lead shielding blocks will be added outside the port afterwards if needed.
Design and fabrication of an axial neutron flux profile measurement assembly for the Advanced Test Reactor Critical Facility
Authors: Reichenberger M.A. , Holtz M.R. , Nichols D. , Harris B. , Ball R.D. , Rollins H. , Downey C.
Published: November 2023

Real-time characterization of irradiation facilities improves the utilization of the core capabilities of test nuclear reactors. The ability to observe how the local neutron flux (level and spectrum) changes as control elements and experiments change will fundamentally transform our understanding of the underlying physical phenomena that govern the operation of present and advanced nuclear reactors, ultimately providing valuable information for the nuclear energy industry. The objective of this research was to demonstrate how advanced sensors could be used to significantly reduce the time and cost of experiments, improve our understanding of experimental environments, and enable verification and validation of simulation and modeling methods. This was accomplished by designing and fabricating a dedicated real-time instrument test train for the Advanced Test Reactor Critical (ATR-C) facility. The first year of this project focused on the design and modeling of real-time axial neutron flux monitors, leveraging proven technologies pioneered at the Idaho National Laboratory, to characterize the transient that occurs in the Small-B positions at the Advanced Test Reactor and the Advanced Test Reactor Critical Facility. We found that the flux amplitude in those positions can fluctuate as much as 380% depending on the outer shim control cylinder position. The engineering design of the test fixture and flux monitor instrumentation was the objective of the 2nd project year. New capabilities were established to electrodeposit enriched uranium for fission chamber development at the Idaho National Laboratory and trials were begun to characterize the process. The final year included the fabrication of the test fixture and instruments for Advanced Test Reactor Critical Facility. The fabrication process was delayed by supply chain and personal availability caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we were still able to deliver this unique capability to Advanced Test Reactor Critical Facility that will enable future instrument testing and scientific experiments.
Reactor power measurement using N16 and N17 production rate in MARIA reactor
Authors: Cybowska Justyna
Published: November 2023

In the water surrounding the reactor core, especially in the water flowing through the cooling system of the fuel channels, the (n,p) reactions on 16O and 17O occur producing 16N and 17N isotopes. The decay products of 16N and 17N may be used to regain information about the reactor power and the neutron flux density in the core. The aim of the study was the simulation of the activity of the 16N and 17N isotopes during the water flow through the fuel channels’ cooling system in the MARIA reactor, checking the possibility of the improvement of the currently performed measurements and the determination of the most optimal placement for the activity measurements. The simulations were performed taking into account the power generated by the individual fuel rods and the information on their burnout. The calculations were made for various configurations of the reactor core over the last 3 years. To check the reliability of the simulation, the activation measurement of the high-purity Au foil was performed. The Au have been activated at the outlet pipeline of the cooling system during whole reactor cycle (4 days) and after that, the activity of the produced 198Au was measured. The 198Au is the product of the (n, gamma) reaction on the 197Au and its activity can be the measure of the neutron flux density in the foil, which in turn gives the information of the 17N content in the cooling water. For better neutron flux density estimations, the models of the fuel element and the model of the outlet pipe with the Au foil were made in the MCNP simulation code. The Au foil activation was also simulated in the Fispact-II code system which allowed estimating the neutron flux density needed to obtain the measured foil activity. This work shows the results of the studies together with the possible sources of uncertainties and the estimation of their influence on the final result.