bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Frequency of Retinopathy Screening in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Markov Modeling Approach Based on 30 Years of Data
Authors: Januszewski Andrzej S. , Velayutham Vallimayil , Benitez-Aguirre Paul Z. , Craig Maria E. , Cusumano Janine , Pryke Alison , Hing Stephen , Liew Gerald , Cho Yoon Hi , Chew Emily Y. , Jenkins Alicia J. , Donaghue Kim C.
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

Current guidelines recommend biennial diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening commencing at the age of 11 years and after 2–5 years’ duration of type 1 diabetes. Growing evidence suggests less frequent screening may be feasible.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Prospective data were collected from 2,063 youth with type 1 diabetes who were screened two or more times between 1990 and 2019. Baseline (mean ± SD) age was 13.3 ± 1.8 years, HbA1c was 8.6 ± 1.3% (70.1 ± 14.7 mmol/mol), diabetes duration was 5.6 ± 2.8 years, and follow-up time was 4.8 ± 2.8 years. DR was manually graded from 7-field retinal photographs using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) scale. Markov chain was used to calculate probabilities of DR change over time and hazard ratio (HR) of DR stage transition.

RESULTS

The incidence of moderate nonproliferative DR (MNPDR) or worse was 8.6 per 1,000 patient-years. Probabilities of transition to this state after a 3-year interval were from no DR, 1.3%; from minimal DR, 5.1%; and from mild DR, 22.2%, respectively. HRs (95% CIs) for transition per 1% current HbA1c increase were 1.23 (1.16–1.31) from no DR to minimal NPDR, 1.12 (1.03–1.23) from minimal to mild NPDR, and 1.28 (1.13–1.46) from mild to MNPDR or worse. HbA1c alone explained 27% of the transitions between no retinopathy and MNPDR or worse. The addition of diabetes duration into the model increased this value to 31% (P = 0.03). Risk was also increased by female sex and higher attained age.

CONCLUSIONS

These results support less frequent DR screening in youth with type 1 diabetes without DR and short duration. Although DR progression to advanced stages is generally slow, higher HbA1c greatly accelerates it.
Compliance with Upper Limb Home-Based Exergaming Interventions for Stroke Patients: A Narrative Review
Authors: Gelineau Axelle , Perrochon Anaick , Daviet Jean-Christophe , Mandigout Stephane
Published: August 2022

Background: Telerehabilitation and follow-up techniques have been developed in recent years to assess the effectiveness of diverse intervention programmes that include exergaming technologies. For patients with upper limb impairment after stroke, motion-gaming technologies can provide effective and amusing training. Beyond efficiency, professionals must analyse patient compliance with the system for self-use at home, because patients may or may not independently perform the exercises prescribed by the therapist. Questions on the sustainable use of this type of home exercise also arise.Objective: This review examines user compliance with exercise programmes, measured according to the training rate (percentage of prescribed sessions and minutes completed) and completion rate (number of drop-outs and discontinued interventions) reported or calculable according to the data collected.Results and discussion: Rates of compliance with training were relatively high. No group effect on compliance was found. Drop-out and discontinued intervention rates were either due to external causes or directly related to the technologies. Some studies have reported the use of supervision, most of them through home visits and remote support. Few studies performed long-term follow-up, which could provide information to help broaden practices. This narrative review considers how this field of research may evolve in the future.
LAY ABSTRACTThe use of video games in hospitals as a rehabilitation tool in neurology is developing, particularly for stroke victims. For patients with arm problems, it can be effective and fun to use gamified systems. When the patient goes home, they must continue their rehabilitation in order to continue to progress or maintain their skills. However, performing exercises alone at home raises questions about patients’ compliance with the exercises prescribed by their therapists. Do patients complete the prescribed sessions? Are there occasional or permanent interruptions? This narrative review attempts to address these questions. The review also examines the obstacles that might hinder the use of these technologies and the facilitators that may help compliance.
Improvement of Interaction Mechanism between Oil Refining Enterprises and Contractors
Authors: Farakhutdinova Z. G. , Bakhonina E. I. , Shutov N. V.
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Major projects in the oil refining industry require the involvement of contractors. Cooperation with qualified and responsible contractors can be considered as a competitive advantage, allowing timely delivery of objects with the proper level of quality and safety.

Significant injury rates in contracting organizations operating at oil refining facilities attract attention. This leads to an interest in safety of working conditions in the industry. One of the approaches to solving the problem is to use the occupational health and safety management system in the interactions of the customer and the contractor.

Problem Statement. The objective of this study is to improve the mechanism of rating contractors from the point of view of occupational and industrial safety.

Theoretical Part. The paper uses the official statistical reports on injuries and the data on injuries of employees of contracting organizations at an oil refinery of a large Russian company. A mechanism for rating contractors in this area has been developed. It includes three sections with their own criteria and weight coefficients. The automatically generated and periodically updated rating is proposed to be placed in open access on the website of the Federal Service for Labor and Employment.

Conclusions. The use of the proposed rating will allow customers working in the field of oil refining to reasonably judge the risks generated by the industrial safety system of potential contractors.
Practical Implementation of the Concept of Industrial Safety Culture on the Example of the Largest Mining Enterprises
Authors: Karnachev I. P. , Cheltybashev A. A. , Sudak S. N.
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Currently, there are a number of different concepts for reducing occupational injuries. One of the most important mechanisms for reducing the number of potentially dangerous events and injuries at hazardous production facilities is the formation of an industrial safety culture. However, there are currently no studies devoted to the effectiveness of the use of the occupational safety and health management system.

Problem Statement. The objective of this study is to analyze the state of industrial safety culture based on occupational injury statistics.

Theoretical Part. As the basic information, statistical reports on cases of industrial injuries provided by the Kola Mining and Metallurgical Company Joint Stock Company (JSC Kola MMC), a subsidiary of PJSC «MMC «Norilsk Nickel», were used, on the basis of which an analysis of the state of industrial safety culture was carried out.

Conclusions. The results of a detailed analysis of the effectiveness of creating a favorable environment for the formation of industrial safety culture on the example of the concern PJSC «MMC «Norilsk Nickel», which includes the largest mining enterprise in the region, Kola Mining and Metallurgical Company (JSC Kola MMC), indicate the effectiveness of the measures taken.
A Case Study of Student Hooligan Behaviour during Protest Action at the University of KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Mbhele Siphesihle , Sibanyoni Ephraim Kevin
Published: August 2022

This article focuses on the behaviour of students during protest action at the University of KwaZuluNatal (UKZN). The objectives of the study on which the article is based were to assess factors that contribute to student hooliganism and to evaluate the effects of violent student protests on the university community. The data were collected using interviews with 25 purposefully sampled participants including 20 students and five risk management personnel. The data were analysed using descriptive writing and identifying actively generated themes from the participants’ responses. The study found that a private security service and the South African police service actively instigated violence on campus as a means to disperse the crowd, and that the crowd retaliated with violence. It was also found that the university management’s ignorance of students’ grievances caused students to be violent and exhibit hooligan behaviour to attract management’s attention. Victims of violence experienced physical injury and destruction of their property, which inevitably affected them psychologically, academically and behaviourally. It is recommended that security personnel are trained to control crowds without using violence, and that university management resolve student grievances promptly before they lead to violent protesting.
Gross necropsy, histopathology, and ancillary test results from neonatal beef calves submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory
Authors: Rivero Luis A. , Zhang Shuping , Schultz Loren G. , Adkins Pamela R. F.
Published: August 2022

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of abnormal findings in gross necropsy, histopathology, and ancillary test results from neonatal beef calves submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory.

Samples

This retrospective clinical case study was conducted by reviewing necropsy reports submitted between 2015 to 2020. Case inclusion criteria were animals had to be a bovine, 2 to 21 days of age, and a nondairy breed.

Procedures

Gross necropsy, histopathology, and laboratory test results were recorded. Identified lesions and abnormal test results were categorized based on body systems and infectious agent type. Age and system affected were analyzed using a 1-way ANOVA and Bonferonni pairwise comparisons.

Results

Overall, 1,060 reports were reviewed and 95 met the inclusion criteria. Median age of enrolled calves was 9 days (range, 2 to 21). A total of 252 lesions were identified with a median of 3 lesions/calf (range, 0 to 7) and 2 different body systems involved/calf (range, 0 to 5). The most common disorders were classified as digestive (42.1% [106/252]), respiratory (12.7% [32/252]), and multisystemic (11.1% [28/252]). With respect to age and system affected, calves with neurologic lesions were significantly younger (mean age, 5.1 days) than calves with digestive lesions (mean age 9.6 days).

Clinical Relevance

These data suggest a high prevalence of infectious diseases, mainly digestive, respiratory and multisystemic in origin. These findings could help guide producers and veterinarians when assessing factors contributing to neonatal beef calf loss.
The Green Hydrogen and the EU Gaseous Fuel Diversification Risks
Authors: Jansons L. , Zemite L. , Zeltins N. , Bode I. , Geipele I. , Kiesners K.
Published: August 2022

Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical element on the Earth, and it has really a wide variety of applications, starting from use in refining, petrochemical industry, steel manufacturing, and ending with use in energy production and renewable gas (hereinafter – RG) blending for gradual replacement of natural gas in all sectors of the national economy. Being practically emission-free, if produced in sustainable way or from renewable energy sources (hereinafter – RES), hydrogen is regarded as one of the most promising energy sources for decarbonisation of practically the entire segment of industrial and energy production. Growing pressure of the European climate neutrality targets has triggered special interest in production, use, storage and transportation of hydrogen – especially the green one, which can be used in at least four fundamental ways: as a basic material, a fuel, an energy carrier and an energy storage medium. In the context of sector coupling, however, hydrogen facilitates decarbonisation of those industrial processes and economic sectors in which carbon dioxide (hereinafter – CO2) emissions can either not be reduced by electrification or this reduction would be minimal and linked to very high implementation costs. At the same time, development of an extensive hydrogen economy is the key to the achievement of the European climate protection targets, with the European Commission’s (hereinafter – EC) Hydrogen Strategy, a framework created in 2020 to develop and promote sustainable hydrogen economy in the European Union (hereinafter – EU), in its centre.

Green hydrogen also will take its legitimate place in the gaseous fuel diversification risk management strategy, as this gaseous fuel is not only one of the most perspective future energy sources, but also one of the most volatile and demanding sources. In the process of gaseous fuel diversification in the EU and worldwide, new logistical chains and supply – demand networks of green hydrogen will emerge. Therefore, adequate addressing of potential challenges of this new regional and global production, delivery and consumption framework will be of utmost importance for secure, safe and predictable functioning of future energy systems.
What are the Linkages between Climate and Economy? Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Dolge Kristiana , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: August 2022

Climate change poses a major challenge to capitalist-oriented societies to restructure their economies and adapt to low-carbon measures that, at first glance, may not be the most economically viable option. Therefore, climate-economy models have become increasingly important in environmental and energy policy in recent years. This study examines recent trends in climate-economy and energy equilibrium research and examines the relationship among the identified key attributes. A bibliometric analysis is used to evaluate scientific publications from the Scopus database that have addressed the relationship between the environment and the economy and have developed climate-economy models. Results show that climate change, emission control, CO2 emissions are strongly linked with economic and social effects, energy policy, renewable energy resources and energy efficiency. Most recent articles focus on photovoltaic system and electricity, energy utilization, economic analysis and sustainable development.
Transición Hídrica por la vida
Authors:   Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua - IMTA, Pedrozo Acuña Adrian
Published: August 2022

En el mundo existe una urgente necesidad de enfoques holísticos que habiliten el uso sustentable del agua. El paradigma vigente denominado gestión integral de los recursos hídricos, ha demostrado ser insuficiente, dada su visión tecnocrática que deja de lado las dimensiones sociales relativas a la equidad y justicia.
Identidades de género en álbumes fotográficos del siglo XIX en México
Authors: Valencia Pulido Silvana Berenice
Published: August 2022

El presente texto analiza las características de las identidades masculina y femenina del sector privilegiado en México durante el siglo XIX por medio de los álbumes fotográficos que esta clase integró con tarjetas de visita y de gabinete que intercambiaba entre amigos y familiares. La investigación se sustenta en la teoría del conocimiento aplicada al estudio de la vida cotidiana; los principales conceptos usados son identidad, género y vida cotidiana. Las particularidades de los álbumes fotográficos del siglo XIX describen la forma en que la elite mexicana se ve a sí misma y transmite esa idea al grupo social al cual pertenece. Cada individuo compara y ajusta su propio actuar con base en las costumbres de sus iguales; por lo tanto, cada álbum tiene elementos comunes de este estrato privilegiado y al mismo tiempo incluye las cualidades relacionadas con las identidades de género.
Viral challenges as a new form of museums’ activity in social media
Authors: Sawczuk Magdalena
Published: August 2022

Due to the new social media channels as well as an increase of content created, growingly important is a creative approach to the content creation. One way is the forming of the viral content and challenges. The pandemic time revealed that museums undertake unstandardized activities and take up the challenges. The research aim was to analyze museums’ activities in viral social media challenges. The qualitative content analysis method was conducted to realize the assumed aim. Findings revealed that although such activity is rather occasional, it is always consistent with the museums’ core topics and social actions. The participation in challenges revealed also the importance of building relations with organizations.
Numerical Analysis of Porpoising Stability Limit of a Blended-Wing–Body Aircraft During Ditching
Authors: Zheng Yunlong , Liu Peiqing , Qu Qiulin , Wen Xueliang , Dai Jiahua
Published: August 2022

The ditching processes of a blended-wing–body (BWB) aircraft under different initial speeds and pitch angles are simulated by numerically solving the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the realizable [Formula: see text] turbulence model using the finite volume method. The volume-of-fluid model is adopted to capture the water–air interface. The six-degree-of-freedom model is employed to couple fluid dynamics and aircraft rigid-body kinematics. The global moving mesh is used to deal with the relative motion between the aircraft and the water. It is found that the plane composed of initial speed and pitch angle can be divided into two regions by a stability limit line, that is, the porpoising motion region (the aircraft takes coupled oscillatory motion between heaving and pitching) with large initial speeds and pitch angles and the stable motion region with low initial speeds and pitch angles. When the initial speed is large, the aircraft’s pitch-up moment peak and heaving amplitude are enhanced. Hence the aircraft carries out the porpoising motion. For the large initial pitch angle, the water entry depth of the aircraft increases and the waterline moves forward, which produces a more significant pitch-up moment peak and overload peak. As a result, the aircraft conducts the porpoising motion. The porpoising stability of the BWB configuration is obviously worse than the conventional and flying wing configurations. When the BWB aircraft ditches on water, the pilots should reduce the initial speed and pitch angle as much as possible to avoid the dangerous porpoising motion.
Dataset of Wall-Resolved Large-Eddy Simulations Turbulent Pseudoboiling in Cryogenic Hydrogen Pipe Flows
Authors: Indelicato Giuseppe , Remiddi Arianna , Lapenna Pasquale E. , Creta Francesco , Longmire Nelson P. , Banuti Daniel T.
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a dataset of wall-resolved large-eddy simulations of cryogenic hydrogen at supercritical pressure and different values of wall heat flux is presented. The aim is to provide a reference dataset for wall-function development under trans- and supercritical conditions, such as those found in liquid rocket engine applications. The employed numerical framework is a pressure-based segregated low-Mach-number approach based on an equation-of-state independent formulation. The wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity subgrid model is used for turbulence closure. Real-gas effects are taken from the National Institute for Standards and Technology database and stored as a function of a nondimensional temperature at the considered pressure. A validation and a grid-convergence analysis are first performed on an incompressible case without imposed heat flux. The effect of axial, radial, and azimuthal refinements on first- and second-order velocity statistics is discussed and compared with direct numerical simulation data from the literature. A parametric analysis at different wall heat fluxes is then performed by keeping the inlet mass flux, temperature, and Reynolds number constant. Particular attention is devoted to turbulent pseudoboiling and its effect on the wall temperature. The latter shows a more pronounced increment as the heat flux increases, which is attributed to the pseudochange of the phase in the core flow. Correspondingly, a flattening of the probability density function of the temperature is observed, and it is associated with the pseudoboiling interface forming close to the wall and causing a more intense stratification. First- and second-order statistics for velocity and selected scalars are then presented, and the effect of pseudoboiling is discussed. The effect of the wall heat flux on the viscous and thermal resolution of the computational grid is also assessed, and considerations on the relation between turbulent pseudoboiling and near-wall gradients is finally provided.
Uma análise acerca das características da Doença Celíaca: revisão de literatura
Authors: Marques Ester Tannus da Fonseca , Athayde Ítalo Bernardes de , Ribeiro Letícia Campitelle Perri , Sousa Marianna Ramalho de , Siqueira Emílio Conceição de
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: Analisar as características da Doença Celíaca (DC). Revisão bibliográfica: A DC é uma condição autoimune por um perfil sorológico e histológico específico desencadeado pela ingestão de glúten em indivíduos geneticamente predispostos, ou seja, com antígenos leucocitários humanos (HLA) classe II em HLA-DQA1 e HLA-DQB1. A apresentação clássica da DC inclui diarreia, esteatorreia, dor abdominal, distensão abdominal e perda de peso, sintomatologia atribuída principalmente à má digestão e má absorção associada à atrofia das vilosidades intestinais. Em adultos, a síndrome de má absorção com diarreia crônica, perda de peso e astenia significativa é bastante rara, sendo mais comum na população pediátrica. Até um terço dos adultos sofre de uma ou mais doenças autoimunes associadas à DC, principalmente com doença Autoimune da Tireoide (DAIT) e Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 (DM1), entre outras. Considerações finais: A DC é uma doença multissistêmica caracterizada por intolerância permanente ao glúten. Esta resulta de uma resposta imune inapropriada mediada por células T ao glúten ingerido que causa lesão imunomediada ao intestino delgado em pessoas geneticamente predispostas. A prevalência global da DC é 1%. A DC pode ocorrer em qualquer idade, desde a primeira infância até a terceira idade, com dois picos de início, um logo após o desmame com glúten nos primeiros 2 anos de vida e outro durante a segunda ou terceira década de vida com preferência pelo sexo feminino.
Manifestações cutâneas da Covid-19 em pacientes pediátricos: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Alves Maria Eduarda Aguiar de Castro , Freitas Tábata Cléia Alves de , Costa Kallyto Amorim , Freitas Cesar Ricardo Silveira de , Costa Carlos Eduardo da Silva , Piana Dheverson Neres , Araújo André Gomes , Souza Josielem Lima , Graças Graciete Mendes das , Ribeiro Naiara Pinto Bastos
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: Compreender os principais sintomas dermatológicos decorrentes da infecção da Covid-19 em crianças. Revisão Bibliográfica: A infecção da Covid-19 não se restringe apenas à árvore respiratória, e cada vez mais tem se identificado manifestações dermatológicas, mostrando que a pele também é um órgão do corpo humano afetado pela infecção do coronavírus. Além disso, o tempo de desenvolvimento da erupção cutânea varia de três a cinco dias após as primeiras manifestações, e duram de 7 a 21 dias. Há cinco padrões de achados cutâneos encontrados como erupções máculo-papulares, urticariformes, tipo pseudo eritema pérnio, vesico-bolhosas e livedo/necrose. Ademais, reconhecer esses diferentes padrões são de grande importância pois podem ajudar os profissionais da área da saúde a terem uma melhor compreensão, e maior poder diagnóstico mediante um quadro viral inespecífico, assim, permitindo a implantação precocemente, de medidas de segurança para conter a disseminação do vírus. Considerações finais: É possível afirmar que os achados dermatológicos têm sido cada vez mais frequentes. Entretanto, ainda há muitos questionamentos sobre como suas reações são desencadeadas, sua prevalência no território brasileiro, e se possuem o SARS-CoV-2 como etiologia definitiva.
Covıd-19 Tanısıyla Hastaneye Yatırılan Hastaların Laboratuvar Değerleri Ve Radyolojik Sonuçların Korelasyonu: İkinci Dalga İki Merkez Deneyimi
Authors: KUL Gülnur , ALIRAVCI Işıl Deniz , GÜLEÇ BARUTÇU Şükran , ÇORAKLI Malik
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmada iki farklı merkezdeki COVID-19 tanılı hastaların demografik, klinik, laboratuvar ve radyolojik özelliklerini belirlemeyi amaçladık.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamız iki merkezli, retrospektif bir çalışmadır. Çalışmaya 1 Eylül – 30 Kasım tarihlerinde hastanede yatırılarak tedavi edilen kesin COVID-19 tanısıyla izlenen SARS-CoV-2 gerçek zamanlı polimeraz zincir reaksiyon testi pozitif olarak sonuçlanan hastalar dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik, klinik, laboratuvar ve toraks bilgisayarlı tomografisi verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmamıza 157’si erkek 304 COVID-19 hastası dahil edildi. En sık görülen komorbid hastalıklar arasında %38,3 hipertansiyon, %36,3 diyabetes mellitus, %23,8 astım vardı. En sık görülen semptomlar öksürük (77,3), dispne (63,2) Miyalji (29,9) olarak bulundu. Akciğer tutulumlarının hafif-orta ve ağır tutulumlu pnömoni olarak değerlendirdiğimizde 83 hastada hafif pnömoni, 151 hastada orta pnömoni ve 69 hastada ağır tutulum olan pnömoni gözlenmiştir. Ağır Covid-19 pnömonisi olan hastalarının beyaz küre, nötrofil, aspartat aminotransferaz, laktat dehidrogenaz, ferritin, CRP, D-Dimer ve INR seviyeleri ile yatış sürelerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde yüksek olduğu, buna karşın lenfosit düzeylerinin ise anlamlı şekilde düşük olduğu belirlendi (p
Physico-chemical quality of the Medjerda River in Tunisia and suitability for irrigation during the moist and the dry seasons
Authors: Ben Ayed Layla , Horry Maryem , Sabbahi Sonia , Nouiri Issam , Karanis Panagiotis
Published: August 2022

Surface waters are usually exposed to industrial, urban, and agricultural wastes. This study assessed the water and the sediments quality of the important primary watercourse in Tunisia and the principal source of domestic and irrigation purposes, the Medjerda River. Water samples were analyzed for total suspended solids, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, carbonates, bicarbonates, residual sodium hazard, and magnesium hazard. They were collected from five sampling sites along the Medjerda watercourse from upstream to downstream through two campaigns, one at the end of the moist period and the other at the half of the dry one in line with irrigation. The presence of high concentrations of (i) magnesium, which varied from 25.51 to 61.65 mg l-1 for the moist period and from 27.58 to 133.10 mg l-1 for the dry one; (ii) carbonates that varied from 18.0 mg l-1for the two campaigns to respectively 49.8 and 66.0 mg l-1 for the humid and the dry periods and (iii) total hardness that varied from 646.5 to 1043.0 mg l-1 for the moist period and from 503.0 to 741.0 mg l-1 for the dry one could in the future pose threats and toxicity to soil and plants when the water will be continuously used for irrigation. Sediments samples were also collected, and their contamination by heavy metals was assessed through two indicators: contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index. Results depicted severe metal contamination mainly from cadmium, of which CF varied from 3.33 to 22.66. Protection of Medjerda River and its tributaries is compulsory to prevent the apparent deterioration of its water quality.
A green and scalable electrochemical route for cost-effective mass production of MXenes
Authors: Huang Zimo , Qin Jiadong , Zhu Yuxuan , He Kelin , Chen Hao , Hoh Hui Ying , Batmunkh Munkhbayar , Benedetti Tania , Zhang Qitao , Su Chenliang , Zhang Shanqing , Zhong Yu Lin
Published: August 2022

One of the most unique properties of two-dimensional carbides and nitrides of transition metals (MXenes) is their excellent water dispersibility and yet possessing superior electrical conductivity but their industrial-scale application is limited by their costly chemical synthesis methods. In this work, the niche feature of MXene was capitalized in the packed-bed electrochemical reactor (PBER) to produce MXene at an unprecedented reaction rate and yield with minimal chemical waste. A simple NH4F solution was employed as the green electrolyte which could be used repeatedly without any loss in its efficacy. Surprisingly, both fluoride and ammonium were found to play critical roles in the electrochemical etching, functionalization, and expansion of the layered parent materials (MAXs) through which the liberation of ammonia gas was observed. The electrochemically produced MXenes (eMXenes) with excellent conductivity, applied as supercapacitor electrodes, could deliver an ultra-high volumetric capacity (1408 F cm-3) and volumetric energy density (75.8 Wh L-1). This revolutionary green, energy efficient and scalable electrochemical route will not only pave the way for industrial-scale production of MXene but also open up a myriad of versatile electrochemical modifications for improved functional MXenes.
An Object-Oriented Framework to Enable Workflow Evolution across Materials Acceleration Platforms
Authors: Leong Chang Jie , Low Kai Yuan Andre , Recatala-Gomez Jose , Velasco Pablo Quijano , Vissol-Gaudin Eleonore , Tan Jin Da , Ramalingam Balamurugan , Made Riko I , Pethe Shreyas Dinesh , Sebastian Saumya , Lim Yee-Fun , Khoo Zi Hui Jonathan , Bai Yang , Cheng Jayce Jian Wei , Hippalgaonkar Kedar
Published: August 2022

Progress in data-driven self-driving laboratories for solving materials grand challenges has accelerated with the advent of machine learning, robotics and automation but usually designed with specific materials and processes in mind. To develop the next generation of Materials Acceleration Platforms (MAPs), we propose a unified framework to enable collaboration between MAPs, leveraging on object-oriented programming principles using which research groups around the world would be able to effectively evolve experimental workflows. We demonstrate the framework via three experimental case studies from disparate fields to illustrate the evolution of, and seamless integration between workflows, promoting efficient resource utilisation and collaboration. Moving forward, we project our framework on three other research areas that would benefit from such an evolving workflow. Through the wide adoption of our framework, we envision a collaborative, connected, global community of MAPs working together to solve scientific grand challenges.
REVISIÓN DE HERRAMIENTAS PARA DIAGNÓSTICO DE HABILIDADES ASOCIADAS A COMPETENCIAS DE LIDERAZGO EN ESTUDIANTES DE PREGRADO DE IES DE CARÁCTER CIENTÍFICO-TECNOLÓGICO
Authors: Lopera Téllez Juan Carlos , Gómez Lamuz Ana María , Voelkl Peñaloza Joseph Robert
Published: August 2022

El desarrollo de competencias de liderazgo se ha convertido, en los últimos años, en una de las principales preocupaciones de las instituciones de educación superior (IES); no sólo por los beneficios que dicho desarrollo puede traer a sus graduados, sino también a la sociedad en su conjunto. En este contexto, al interior de la Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito se ha venido desarrollando un proyecto de investigación que tiene como objetivo realizar un diagnóstico de las habilidades asociadas a competencias de liderazgo en los estudiantes de pregrado de esta IES.Esta propuesta busca mostrar el resultado obtenido hasta el momento en la revisión de diferentes herramientas y metodologías utilizadas a nivel empresarial para el diagnóstico de las habilidades que comprenden las mencionadas competencias, teniendo en cuenta que parte del estado del arte previo a la investigación permitió identificar que no había suficientes experiencias documentadas de aplicación de herramientas con este objetivo en IES de carácter científico-tecnológico. A partir de estos resultados, se generan recomendaciones para plantear una aproximación metodológica aplicable en estudiantes de pregrado de IES de carácter científico-tecnológico, que finalmente permita diagnosticar las habilidades asociadas a las competencias de liderazgo en este grupo de interés.
“ME MOLESTÓ, PERO NO DIJE NADA”, PREVENCIÓN DE LAS VIOLENCIAS DE GÉNERO Y SEXUALES EN LA FACULTAD DE MINAS
Authors: Olaya Morales Yris , Botero Fernández Verónica
Published: August 2022

En 2012 la Universidad Nacional de Colombia definió una política que promueve la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres por medio de estrategias de redistribución, reconocimiento cultural y la prevención detección y acompañamiento frente a la violencia de género. En el marco de esta política, en el plan de Acción 2018-2020 de la Facultad de Minas se propusieron medidas para promover la igualdad de género. Uno de los aspectos abordados en este plan es el de las violencias de género y sexuales. Aunque se sabe de su ocurrencia, hasta 2019 no se había realizado un diagnóstico de la prevalencia de manifestaciones de violencias de género y sexuales en la Facultad.Luego, en 2019 se realizó una encuesta para conocer el tipo e incidencia de manifestaciones de acoso sexual y proponer acciones de prevención con base en dicho diagnóstico. Se encontró que un 12.8% de los estudiantes, en su mayoría mujeres, manifestó haber recibido conductas sexuales no deseadas dentro de la universidad o por parte de personas pertenecientes a esta, en su mayoría de estudiantes hombres. A partir de los datos se definieron proyectos de intervención para reevaluar en un año y determinar si hay algún cambio.
ENSEÑANZA EN LA CREACIÓN DE VIDEOJUEGOS CON HERRAMIENTAS LIBRES, INSPIRADOS EN EL AGRO COLOMBIANO PARA INGENIEROS DE SISTEMAS
Authors: Valderrama Riveros Óscar Camilo , Ramírez Casallas Jhon Freddy
Published: August 2022

La enseñanza en la ingeniera permite utilizar múltiples contextos para aterrizar o profundizar competencias. La Ingeniería de Sistemas permite una transversalidad frente a otras ingenierías, por lo que su aplicación permea múltiples contextos y/o escenarios. En el programa Ingeniería de Sistemas del Campus Ibagué-Espinal se dicta la asignatura Electica Especifica II. Desde el 2018 esta clase se ha enfocado en el desarrollo de videojuegos; ámbito que apasiona a los estudiantes y provoca una gran entrega a las actividades de la clase.Anteriormente se permitía a los estudiantes seleccionar el escenario y temática de su videojuego.Pero articulados con el contexto local, nacional y los ODS (Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible) 2, 4 y 15: Hambre Cero e Industria, Educación de calidad, Vida de ecosistemas terrestres, se seleccionó el agro colombiano como contexto principal para su desarrollo. Adicionalmente, se proporcionaroninstrucción a los estudiantes acerca de cómo generar un videojuego que permita aprender sobre la agricultura. Los temas propuestos por los estudiantes para los videojuegos fueron: Las plagas en los cultivos, conocer sobre los cultivos típicos por regiones y, de forma específica, cuál es el proceso para los cultivos de café y papa. Estos videojuegos se programaron utilizando herramientas libres, como Processing. Adicionalmente, se une al uso de las placas Arduino para permitir una mayor interactividad con el videojuego.En razón a la situación del Covid-19, este curso se migro a la modalidad virtual, lo cual permitió comprobar la posibilidad de dictar este curso de forma virtual y realizar una comparación con los resultados de este, pero en modalidad presencial. Si bien el mayor reto fue el seguimiento del avance de los desarrollos en Arduino, los resultados finales fueron muy similares en ambas modalidades. Adicionalmente, es importante resaltar el interés desarrollado por los estudiantes en la creación de estos videojuegos, en donde fue necesario que investigaran sobre un tema atípico en la formación de ingenieros de sistemas, pero relevante para el desarrollo del país y de la humanidad.
The Plasma Parameters of Penning Discharge with Negatively Biased Metal Hydride Cathode at Longitudinal Emission of H– Ions
Authors: Sereda Ihor , Hrechko Yaroslav , Babenko Ievgeniia
Published: August 2022

The enhancement of negative ion production in a volume Penning based source could be performed by the application of metal hydride cathode. Hydrogen isotopes are stored there in a chemically bound atomic state and desorbed from the metal hydride under the discharge current impact. Highly vibrationally / rotationally excited molecules H2* are formed by recombination of H-atoms at the metallic surface, which then can be easily converted to H– by dissociative electron attachment without the pre-excitation of a H2 molecule in plasma. Changing the discharge properties opens the way of source design simplification by negative ions extraction along the external magnetic field in comparison with traditional volume sources, where the extraction is performed perpendicular to magnetic field. The separation of negative ions from the extracted in longitudinal direction flux of charged particles was performed by an electromagnetic filter basing on numerical calculations of particles trajectories. The dependence of electron temperature and plasma density on the bias potential is carried out by Langmuir probe method. The measurement of electron energy was performed by an electrostatic energy analyzer. It was shown that the yield of H– ions depends on the electrical bias on the metal hydride cathode with strong dependences on the plasma electrons temperature. The estimation of the bias potential versus Te was performed under the assumption of electron Boltzmann distribution near the cathode. The presence of additional groups of electrons with higher energies distorts the behavior of H– current, but generally the experimental results are in good agreement with estimation based on the physics behind the Boltzmann distribution. The optimum for the effective extraction of H– ions was revealed, when the metal hydride cathode had been electrically biased at -20V and higher, and plasma density reaches the maximum value to 2×109 cm-3.
Bremsstrahlung Generation by 7.5 Mev Electrons in Converters Made of Different Materials
Authors: Rudychev Vladimir G. , Azarenkov Nikolay A. , Girka Igor A. , Rudychev Yegor V.
Published: August 2022

The present paper shows that, besides the technologically complex water-cooled converters made of Ta or W, a simple and efficient converter in the form of air-cooled Mo and Al plates can be fabricated for a number of tasks. The generation of bremsstrahlung by electrons with the energy of 7.5 MeV in the converter plates made of Ta, W, Cu or Mo and in the Al filter was studied by the Monte Carlo method in the PENELOPE software package. The thicknesses range of the plates made of Ta, W, Cu or Mo was chosen on condition that the total mass thickness of the converter and filter made of Al (in g/mm2) provided complete absorption of the primary electrons. It is shown that the photon yields from Mo at mass thicknesses above 25 g/mm2 are higher than those from Ta and W, but the energy transferred from electrons to BS is lower. With the same mass thicknesses of Ta and W converters, practically all characteristics of bremsstrahlung and the absorbed energy in the target are the same. The conditions for cooling the converter elements with water and air are determined for the level of heat release in the converter up to 10 kW. The minimum dimensions of the electron-irradiated region of Ta and Mo converters, cooled by water, are determined. It is shown that with the really existing air compressors taken into account, the permissible heat release of air-cooled Mo converters should not exceed 4 kW.
The Impact of Pulse Plasma Treatment on the Operating Characteristics of Steel 40X10C2M: Experiment and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Savinkov Nikolay A. , Bulanchuk Oleh M. , Bizyukov Aleksander A.
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a study of operating characteristics of steel 40X10C2M after treatment it of high-energy plasma pulses. The steel is used to manufacture the elements of ships' power plants. For pulsed plasma treatment of steel samples, we used an electrothermal plasma accelerator (ETPA). A high-current pulsed high-pressure arc discharge was initiated in a restricted dielectric chamber of ETPA. The discharge duration was 1.4 ms, the maximum current reached the value of 5 kA, the discharge voltage was up to 5 kV. We investigated the microhardness and microstructure of the processed (modified) layer and determined the optimal parameters of steel processing that provide the best characteristics of the modified layer when the microhardness increases by ≈ 5 times. Microhardness maxima were discovered in the depth of the modified layer. The paper studies the possibilities of controlling the maxima localization to form the desired performance characteristics of the treated layer. Mathematical modeling of rapid pulsed heating of the steel surface layer is performed within the framework of the two-phase "melt-solid" model, taking into account the dynamics of the thermodynamic characteristics of steel. For this purpose, we used the classical equation of thermal conductivity with varying steel parameters: density, heat capacity, and coefficient of thermal conductivity during the transition of a substance from the liquid to the solid phase. Within the chosen mathematical model, numerical calculations of the rapidly pulsed heating phenomenon of the steel surface were performed, taking into account melting and solidification in the Comsol Multiphysics package using the finite element method. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental distribution of the microhardness of the treated steel layer deep into the sample.
Research and Development of Fuel Rods Metallurgically Bonded with Fuel Cladding for Nuclear Installations
Authors: Belash Nikolay N. , Kushtym Anton V. , Zigunov Vladimir V. , Slabospytska Elena A. , Holomeyev Gennadіy А. , Vasilenko Ruslan L. , Tymoshenko Аleksandr I.
Published: August 2022

The design and scheme for manufacturing fuel rods metallurgically bonded with ribbed aluminum claddings using hot isostatic pressing and contact-reactive brazing are presented. It is shown that the developed scheme can be used both for production of dispersive fuels and high-density fuels based on uranium alloys. The results of investigations of brazed joints of aluminum cladding with a matrix composition based on aluminum and with samples of E110 alloy through copper and silumin coatings are presented. The results of research of brazed joints of an aluminum cladding with an aluminum-based matrix composition and samples of zirconium alloy E110 made through copper and silumin coating are presented. The strength of brazed joints, composition of diffusion layers formed as a result of contact-reactive brazing in a high vacuum have been determined. The modes of hot isostatic pressing that provide crimping of the ribbed cladding of fuel pellets and rods and obtaining a metallurgical bonding between their surfaces have been defined. It is shown that satisfactory bond strength is provided starting from the temperature of 610 °С. The maximum strength values obtained on the compounds Al-(Al+12% Si)-Zr and Al-Cu-Zr are 57.0 MPa and 55.3 MPa respectively. The fracture of the of aluminum samples joints, obtained with the Cu layer at a temperature of 620 °C, occurs on threaded joints at the strength value of 82 MPa. The results of research of the composition of diffusion layers formed by brazing compounds Al-(Al + 12% Si)-Zr and Al-Cu-Zr are presented. It was established that hot pressing provides the best results for manufacturing of fuel rod dummies in the studied range of modes at a temperature of 630 °C, a pressure of 380 MPa and exposure of 20 minutes.
Heart rate variability series analyzing by fuzzy logic approach
Authors: Raimondi Gianfranco , Martynenko Alexander , Barsi L. , Maliarova Liudmila
Published: August 2022

Introdution. Exercise can be defined as any structured and planned activity leading to an increase of energy expenditure, breathing and pulse rate. In the context of a correct lifestyle, a regular physical activity reduces the probability of cardiovascular events, diabetes and other possible related diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the neurovegetative cardiovascular regulation and the fluids distribution in healthy subjects undergoing dynamic and isometric training regimes. We have employed Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis by various mathematical methods that are classified as Time Domain (TD), Frequency Domain (FD) and Nonlinear (NM). We incorporated currently existing HRV indicators into a unified Fuzzy Logic (FL) methodology, which in turn will allow to integrally assessing each metric and HRV results as a whole. Objective. The goal of this study is to verify the response of the ANS before and after the execution of different training in the clearest view by our Fuzzy Logic approach to Heart Rate Variability series analysing. Our Fuzzy Logic algorithm incorporate into a single view of each metric, – Time Domain, Frequency Domain, Nonlinear Methods and HRV as a whole. Materials and methods. 24 young subjects aged between 20 and 30 (11 males and 13 females) have been enrolled. Exclusion criteria are: tobacco use; BMI > 25 kg/m2; cardiovascular diseases; blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg; chronic pathologies; sport competition. Each of the examined subjects underwent four different tests and analyses: before the beginning of the isotonic training, which has been carried out by 30-minute run each day for a period of 20 days, and after the end of the training, both in upright and supine position; before the beginning of the isometric training, which has been carried out by lifting a 2-kg weight for 30 minutes per day for a period of 20 days, and after the end of the training, both in upright and supine position. Conclusion. HRV is a complex phenomenon, study of which requires various approaches and methods. However, a comprehensive view of HRV is only possible when there is a technology similar to Fuzzy Logic, one that allows combining all used methods and approaches into an integral assessment. In this article, we showed the Fuzzy Logic approach for series of Heart Rate Variability records and we can assert that: the training through exercises of dynamic type could reduce the cardiovascular risk, thus confirming the importance of a correct lifestyle; the isometric exercise generally produces an increase of the indexes of the sympathetic activity and then an increase of the cardiovascular risk with reduced cardioprotection; the Base state (before training) showing the biggest distance from abnormality because the Norm HRV values were defined for calm body state – before any training or disturbances; FL distances after Isometric training showing the worst distance from abnormality.
La transformación digital para una salud pública más equitativa y sostenible en la era de la interdependencia digital
Authors: García Saisó Sebastián , Marti Myrna C. , Mejía Medina Felipe , Pascha Victoria Malek , Nelson Jennifer , Tejerina Luis , Bagolle Alexander , D'Agostino Marcelo
Published: August 2022

En este artículo se describen ocho principios rectores para la transformación digital del sector de la salud, se establece su relación con la pandemia de COVID-19 y se destaca su importancia para los países que se encuentran en un proceso de transformación digital. En la Región de las Américas, 30% de las personas no tiene acceso a Internet, entre otras brechas, por lo que es imperativo adoptar políticas y medidas para que la implementación de las intervenciones de salud pública sea equitativa y sostenible, de manera de garantizar que nadie se quede atrás. Los ocho principios se centran en las cuatro esferas de un sistema de salud sostenible (humana, social, económica y ambiental) y ponen de relieve las posibilidades más amplias de utilizar las tecnologías digitales para incidir en la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de salud.