bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural and metabolic profiling of Lycopersicon esculentum rhizosphere microbiota artificially exposed at commonly used Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Kovacs Emoke Dalma , Luminita Szilaghi-Dumitrescu , Di Tian
Published: July 2021

In this study the effect of common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on Lycopersicon esculentum rhizosphere microbiota was monitored. Results evidenced that rhizosphere microbiota abundance decreased especially under exposure to diclofenac and ibuprofen while fungal/bacteria ratio changed significantly with exposure to diclofenac and ketoprofen. Compared with control samples the average amount of ratio of gram negative/gram positive bacteria was higher in rhizosphere soil contaminated with ibuprofen and lower in case of diclofenac contamination. Carbon source consumption increased with time of assay in case of control samples and those contaminated with diclofenac. This suggests that rhizosphere microbiota under contamination with diclofenac consume higher amount of carbon although do not consume a larger variety of its sources. In case of contamination with ibuprofen and ketoprofen the consumption of carbon source presents a decreasing tendency after day 30 of the assay. Rhizosphere microbiota emitted volatile organic compounds were also monitored. Volatile compounds belonging to alcohol, aromatic compounds, ketone, terpene, organic acids, aldehyde, sulphur compounds, esters, alkane, nitrogen compounds, alkene and furans were detected in rhizosphere soil samples. Among these, terpene, ketone, alcohol, aromatic compounds, organic acids, and alkane were the most abundant compound classes, but their percentage changed with exposure at diclofenac, ketoprofen and ibuprofen. Such changes in abundance, structure, and metabolic activity of Lycopersicon esculentum rhizosphere microbiota under exposure to common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs make as to suppose that there is a probability to also change ecosystem services provided by rhizosphere microbiota.
Acquired Pure Red Cell Aplastic in one of the Monozygotic Twins with Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Shen Li Jing , Gao Xiao , Hou Jian , Wan Yi Ke
Published: July 2021

BackgroundCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most prevalent primary immune defects in adults. It has become clear that most cases of CVID have a polygenic rather than a monogenic inheritance. CVID patients are prone to recurrent infection, and an increased incidence of certain autoimmune and neoplastic disorders. Monozygotic twins share identical genetic basis and may serve as a powerful model for study on genetic defects.Case presentationHere, we report a case of monozygotic twins were diagnosed with CVID at their 30s’. They featured a partly similar profile of clinical manifestations, including severe, recurring infections and bone pain. Interestingly, only the elder brother developed pure red cell aplastic (PRCA), and relieved after 5-month’s treatment with 100 mg/d of cyclosporine treatment. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was utilized to investigate genetic defects.ConclusionsThe results suggest that a combination effect of deleterious variations maybe the cause, such as VDR, NHEJ1, DOCK5, NOD2 and C3, which were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. The potential combinatorial effects in CVID is inferred from their roles in T and B cell signal pathways activation.
Climate Change Will Unravel Air Quality Regulations
Authors: Bento Antonio , Adler David , Miller Noah , Severnini Edson
Published: July 2021

Using daily data for the United States over the period 1980-2019, we estimate the impacts of temperature on ambient ozone concentrations, accounting for adaptation to climatic change. We find that even with adaptation, rises in temperature will steeply increase ozone levels by over 9 ppb on days above 25◦C. By mid-century, we calculate that 189 additional counties will be violating the air quality standards, with 33 million more residents exposed to unhealthy levels of ozone. Climate change will thus put the ambient ozone standards at risk as the costs of compliance with existing standards will likely increase. In light of a recent EPA ruling that would effectively remove co-benefits from ozone precursor reductions from the cost-benefit analysis of those standards, they will be in peril.
The mechanism of triptolide in the treatment of connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease using network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Zhu Wen , Li Yehui , Zhao Junjie , Wang Yifan , Garov Yordan Angelov , Wang Yue
Published: July 2021

Background
Interstitial lung disease(ILD) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, which is one of key systematic manifestations of connective tissue disease (CTD). Tripterygium wilfordii, known as Leigongteng in Chinese, has been applied to treat connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) for many years.
Methods
Triptolide is key effective components from Tripterygium wilfordii. But the molecular mechanism of Triptolide for treating CTD-ILD is not yet clear. Gain insight into the molecular mechanism of Triptolide intervene CTD-ILD, we used the method of network pharmacology. And then we conducted an drug-target networks to analysis potential protein targets between Triptolide and CTD-ILD. Finally, AutoDock Vina was selected for molecular docking.
Results
By analysis the interaction genes of Triptolide with CTD-ILD, 242 genes were obtained. The top 10 targets of the highest enrichment scores were STAT3, AKT1, MAPK1, IL6, TP53, MAPK3, RELA, TNF, JUN, JAK2. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis exhibited that mutiple signaling pathway were involved. PI3K-Akt, multiple virus infection, cancer signaling, chemokine and apoptosis signaling pathway are the main pathways for Triptolide intervention CTD-ILD, which are related to various biological processes such as inflammation, infection, cell apoptosis and cancer. Molecular docking shows Triptolide can bind with its target protein in a good bonds by Intermolecular force.
Conclusions
This study preliminarily reveals the internal molecular mechanism of Triptolide can interfere CTD-ILD through multiple targets, multiple access, validated through molecular docking. Provided a research basis for the following study of pathogenesis in Triptolide treatment CTD-ILD.
One Pot Microwave Irradiation Synthesis of Spherical and Nanotube Titanates Incorporated Reduced Graphene for Efficient Hydrogen Production Photo-Electrocatalytically
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed , Hessien Mahmoud M. , Ibrahim Mohamed M.
Published: July 2021

Nanosphere and nanotube titanates (TNT) amalgamated with different graphene oxide (GO) ratios synthesized by one pot microwave irradiation route have presented excellent potential towards hydrogen production photoelectrochemically under solar irradiation. The hybrid nanospherical array of the 50TNT-50GO photocatalyst showed a current density equal 9.2 mA cm-2 at a bias of 0.20 V vs. RHE exceeding those of the nanotubes 30TNT-70GO (4.0 mA cm-2 at 0.38 V) and 10TNT-90GO (3.7 mA cm-2 at 0.4 V). The former electrode also exhibits small Tafel slope value (40 mV dec-1), decreased particle diameter (7 nm), decreased band gap (2.6 eV) and high rate of charges transfer. The hybrid structure elucidation carried out using TEM-SAED, XRD, N2 adsorption, UV-Vis, FTIR and PL techniques approved the interfacial interaction between TNT and GO(RGO) networks that was responsible for the high quantum yield, delay of charges recombination beside the increase in the pore volume.
Early musical training shapes cortico-cerebellar structural covariation
Authors: Shenker Joseph , Steele Christopher J. , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Zatorre Robert J. , Penhune Virginia B.
Published: July 2021

Adult abilities in complex cognitive domains such as music appear to depend critically on the age at which training or experience begins, and relevant experience has greater long-term effects during periods of peak maturational change. Previous work has shown that early-trained musicians (ET; < age 7) out-perform later-trained musicians (LT; > age 7) on tests of musical skill, and also have larger volumes of the ventral premotor cortex (vPMC) and smaller volumes of the cerebellum. These cortico-cerebellar networks mature and function in relation to one another, suggesting that early training may promote coordinated developmental plasticity. To test this hypothesis, we examined structural covariation between cerebellar volume and cortical thickness (CT) in sensorimotor regions in ET and LT musicians and non-musicians (NMs). Results show that ETs have smaller volumes in cerebellar lobules connected to sensorimotor cortices, while both musician groups had greater cortical thickness in right pre-supplementary motor area (SMA) and right PMC compared to NMs. Importantly, early musical training had a specific effect on structural covariance between the cerebellum and cortex: NMs showed negative correlations between left lobule VI and right pre-SMA and PMC, but this relationship was reduced in ET musicians. ETs instead showed a significant negative correlation between vermal IV and right pre-SMA and dPMC. Together, these results suggest that early musical training has differential impacts on the maturation of cortico-cerebellar networks important for optimizing sensorimotor performance. This conclusion is consistent with the hypothesis that connected brain regions interact during development to reciprocally influence brain and behavioural maturation.
Multiparametric CMR Imaging of Myocardial Structure and Function Changes in Diabetic Mini-pigs With Preserved LV Function : A Preliminary Study
Authors: Shao Guozhu , Cao Yukun , Cui Yue , Han Xiaoyu , Liu Jia , Li Yumin , Li Na , Shi Heshui
Published: July 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to dynamically monitor the myocardial structure and function changes in diabetic mini-pigs by 1.5T cardiac magnetic resonance. Methods: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) T1 mapping was performed in three male streptozotocin-induced diabetic mini-pigs. T1-mapping and ECV-mapping were acquired at basal, mid and apical segments. CMR feature-tracking (CMR-FT) is used to quantify left ventricle global longitudinal (LVGLS), circumferential (LVGCS) and radial strain(LVGRS). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) was evaluated using a commercially available software.Results: Left ventricular mass (LVM), myocardial T1 value and extracellular volume (ECV) value increased gradually after 3, 4.5 and 6 months of modeling, while LVGLS decreased gradually after 3 months of modeling（Modeling 3M VS 1.5M：LVM，34.0 ± 1.9 VS 26.4 ± 1.3，P=0.027；T1，1012.3 ± 9.6 VS 1002.2 ± 11.4, P=0.014; ECV，24.3 ± 1.6 VS 22.4 ± 1.6，P=0.014；GLS：-20.8 ± 1.3 VS -23.0 ± 1.6，P=0.014；Modeling 4.5M VS 3M：LVM，37.5 ± 1.3 VS 34.0 ± 1.9，P=0.005；T1, 1017.8 ± 9.5 VS 1012.3 ± 9.6, P＜0.001；ECV，26.2 ± 1.5 VS 24.3 ± 1.6，P=0.037；GLS：-19.4 ± 1.4 VS -20.8 ± 1.3，P=0.016；Modeling 6M VS 4.5M：LVM，42.9 ± 1.6 ± 1.9 VS 37.5 ± 1.3，P=0.008；T1，1026.6 ± 10.2 VS 1017.8 ± 9.5, P=0.003；ECV，28.6 ± 1.8 VS 26.2 ± 1.5，P=0.016；GLS：-17.9 ± 1.1 VS -19.4 ± 1.4，P=0.019). EAT did not increase significantly until the sixth month (Modeling 6M VS 4.5M, EAT: 24.1 ± 3.1 VS 20.2 ± 2.4, P= 0.043).Conclusion: The progressive impairments in LV structure and myocardial deformation occurs in diabetic mini-pigs. T1 mapping and CMR-FT technology are promising to monitor abnormal changes of diabetic myocardium in early stage of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Technological and methodological aspects of the production of low- and lactose-free dairy products
Authors: Nikitina Ju. V. , Topnikova E. V. , Lepilkina O. V. , Kashnikova O. G.
Published: July 2021

The features of technologies for low- and lactose-free dairy products, which provide for special operations to hydrolyze lactose or remove it using ultra- or nanofiltration followed by hydrolysis of the residual amount, are considered. Dairy products manufactured using these technologies in different countries as well as enterprises leading in this field of production are presented. The analysis of the methods used to determine the quantitative content of residual lactose in low- and lactose-free dairy products is carried out: enzymatic, HPLC, HPAEC-PAD, amperometric biosensors, Raman spectroscopy. Due to the dairy industry’s need for analytical methods for the determination of lactose in milk and dairy products with low- or lactose-free content, the AOAC Stakeholder Group on Strategic Food Analysis Methods approved Standard Performance Requirements for Biosensor Methods (SMPR®) 2018.009. These requirements were introduced for the quantitative determination of lactose in milk as well as in dairy and milk-containing products with a low or no lactose content. The biosensor method is recommended for use as the official first step of AOAC method. Additionally, it is advisable to use high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with mass spectrometric detection, as well as high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) as an international standard method of analysis for the determination of lactose in milk with low- or lactose-free content.
Efficiency of pre-sowing seeds by UV-C and X-ray exposure on the accumulation of antioxidants in inflorescence of plants of Matricaria chamomilla L. genotypes
Authors: ZHUK Vladyslav , SOKOLOVA Daryna , KRAVETS Alexandra , SAKADA Volodymyr , GLUSHCENKO Ludmila , KUCHUK Mykola
Published: July 2021

Secondary metabolites of the medicinal plants are among the main active substances of the drugs used in medicine. An important place among them belongs to phenols and flavonoids, which are some constitutive components of the redox homeostasis maintaining system through the animal and plant organisms.Radiation exposure is one of the most powerful factors leading to the oxidative stress, stimulating the formation of radioprotectors with antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The data presented in the previous report indicated some differences in the pharmaceutical raw material yield stimulation of various genotypes under UV-C and X-ray exposure. This stage of the study is devoted to the investigation of the stimulating the yield of flavonoids and phenols as the markers of the secondary metabolism reorganization.The differences in the dynamics of the flavonoids and phenols content in plants of eight genotypes of the chamomile in the control and under pre-sowing UV-C and X-ray radiation exposure of seeds were studied. Groups of the genotypes by the stimulating effect on the content of antioxidants were determined mainly under UV-C exposure, as well as groups with a significant increase in the content of antioxidants under X-ray exposure have been identified. A high significant correlation (R = 0.84) between the stimulation of the flavonoid synthesis under X-ray exposure and the level of these antioxidants in the control is shown. Above average (R = 0.64) insignificant correlation is observed between the flavonoids level under UV-C exposure and in the control variant.
Roditeljstvo u vrijeme pandemije COVID-19
Authors: Višnjić-Jevtić Adrijana , Visković Ivana
Published: July 2021

Uslijed pretpostavljenih promjena načina života zbog pandemije Covid-19, tijekom lockdowna u prvom valu epidemije istražena je samoprocjena roditeljstva kod roditelja djece rane i predškolske dobi. Cilj je bio istražiti kvalitetu roditeljstva kroz procjenu učestalosti zajedničkih aktivnosti s djecom te načina ponašanja prema djeci. Relativna većina sudionika istraživanja procjenjuju da nisu značajno promijenili pojedine aktivnosti s djecom (razgovor, pripovijedanje, fizički iskazi ljubavi), dok četvrtina roditelja procjenjuje da s djecom priča, uči i iskazuje ljubav češće nego prije. Gotovo polovica roditelja procjenjuje da se više igraju s djecom nego prije lockdowna. Obiteljski odnosi izdvojeni su kao najznačajnija dimenzija roditeljstva. Životna dob, razina formalnog obrazovanja i bračni status sudionika istraživanja, kao prediktorski sklop objašnjava tek 2,3 % varijabiliteta samoprocjene roditelja pa je opravdano pretpostaviti postojanje drugih, značajnijih prediktora kvalitete roditeljstva. Sakupljeni podaci ukazuju na prednosti (velik uzorak i brza provedba) te nedostatke (specifičnost uzorka) online istraživanja. Veličina uzorka ukazuje na angažiranost roditelja na društvenim mrežama.
The History and Function of Sisterhood in Turkey: Bacıyan-ı Rum Organization in Medieval Era
Authors: Bulut Sefa
Published: July 2021

Bacıyan-ı Rum (Anatolian Sisters Organization) is known as the world's first women's organization in history, but very few pieces of literature exist about this medieval organi­zation. Thus, the aim was to reach up to all available historical documents about the topic and systematically analyze the nature and function of such an organization in the medieval era. Preliminary findings show that no written documents existed in English nor other languages except the Turkish language. It was also observed that this topic has emerged as an exciting area for many disciplines in recent times, leading to a sudden develop­ment of recent write-ups on such a topic. Therefore, this paper aims to introduce and explore the historical antecedent and functions of Bacıyan-ı Rum Organization to readers and other professionals interested in history, ethics, women, and gender studies. Kinds of literature were reviewed across history, eco­nomics, politics, travelogues, art, sociology, and anthropology to provide an extensive and detailed understanding of such a remarkable phenomenal women organization that existed in the Islamic world of the Medieval Era in Anatolia, Turkey.
Root causes of failures in sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS): an exploratory study in 11 municipalities in The Netherlands
Authors: Vollaers Vita , Nieuwenhuis Eva , van de Ven Frans , Langeveld Jeroen
Published: July 2021

Despite being widely implemented, sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) do not always function flawlessly. While SUDS have been tested extensively and seem to perform well on a laboratory or pilot scale, practitioners' experience is different: failures in SUDS occur regularly in practice, resulting in malfunctioning systems, water nuisance and high costs. To anticipate their malfunctioning, and thus to improve their performance, a better understanding of failures occurring in SUDS and their underlying causes is needed. Based on an explorative case-study approach, consisting of site visits and semi-structured interviews with urban water professionals, this study presents an inventory of technical failures in SUDS and an analysis of their root causes. In total, 70 cases in 11 Dutch municipalities have been documented. The results show that the interfaces between SUDS and other urban systems are prominent failure locations. In addition, we found that failures originate from the entire development process of SUDS, i.e., from the design, construction and user/maintenance phase. With respect to the causes underlying these failures, our results show that these are mainly socio-institutional in nature. These are valuable insights for both practitioners and scholars, contributing to a renewed socio-technical urban water system with more sustainable water management practices.
La extensión agropecuaria para la innovación
Authors: Garrido-Rubiano María Fernanda , Pulido Castro Sandra Xiomara , Lesmes Chavur Angélica Rocío , Buitrago Albarado Claudia Patricia , Molano Bernal Lilia Constanza , Montes Vergara Jose Carlos , Tibaduiza Castañeda Leidy Patricia , Vela Juan Fernando , Porras Díez Carlos Andrés , Benavides Giovanna , Rendón Ocampo Claudia Patricia
Published: July 2021

Esta publicación surge de la iniciativa de un equipo de profesionales, investigadores y extensionistas comprometidos con proponer conceptos, enfoques, metodologías, prácticas, herramientas y reflexiones sobre la extensión agropecuaria, tópico que cobra cada vez más relevancia en Colombia. Igualmente, es una herramienta que los profesionales, técnicos o tecnólogos, que formen parte de equipos de extensionistas, podrán adecuar para contribuir al enriquecimiento de sus vivencias, reflexiones, aprendizajes y experiencias adquiridas durante las prácticas cotidianas, así como al intercambio permanente con productores y demás actores relacionados con la extensión agropecuaria. Los lectores podrán retroalimentar y codiseñar estrategias innovadoras para mejorar cada vez más el desarrollo de la extensión.
Assessing the Performance of Clinical Natural Language Processing Systems: Development of an Evaluation Methodology
Authors: Canales Lea , Menke Sebastian , Marchesseau Stephanie , D’Agostino Ariel , del Rio-Bermudez Carlos , Taberna Miren , Tello Jorge
Published: July 2021

Background

Clinical natural language processing (cNLP) systems are of crucial importance due to their increasing capability in extracting clinically important information from free text contained in electronic health records (EHRs). The conversion of a nonstructured representation of a patient’s clinical history into a structured format enables medical doctors to generate clinical knowledge at a level that was not possible before. Finally, the interpretation of the insights gained provided by cNLP systems has a great potential in driving decisions about clinical practice. However, carrying out robust evaluations of those cNLP systems is a complex task that is hindered by a lack of standard guidance on how to systematically approach them.

Objective

Our objective was to offer natural language processing (NLP) experts a methodology for the evaluation of cNLP systems to assist them in carrying out this task. By following the proposed phases, the robustness and representativeness of the performance metrics of their own cNLP systems can be assured.

Methods

The proposed evaluation methodology comprised five phases: (1) the definition of the target population, (2) the statistical document collection, (3) the design of the annotation guidelines and annotation project, (4) the external annotations, and (5) the cNLP system performance evaluation. We presented the application of all phases to evaluate the performance of a cNLP system called “EHRead Technology” (developed by Savana, an international medical company), applied in a study on patients with asthma. As part of the evaluation methodology, we introduced the Sample Size Calculator for Evaluations (SLiCE), a software tool that calculates the number of documents needed to achieve a statistically useful and resourceful gold standard.

Results

The application of the proposed evaluation methodology on a real use-case study of patients with asthma revealed the benefit of the different phases for cNLP system evaluations. By using SLiCE to adjust the number of documents needed, a meaningful and resourceful gold standard was created. In the presented use-case, using as little as 519 EHRs, it was possible to evaluate the performance of the cNLP system and obtain performance metrics for the primary variable within the expected CIs.

Conclusions

We showed that our evaluation methodology can offer guidance to NLP experts on how to approach the evaluation of their cNLP systems. By following the five phases, NLP experts can assure the robustness of their evaluation and avoid unnecessary investment of human and financial resources. Besides the theoretical guidance, we offer SLiCE as an easy-to-use, open-source Python library.
Understanding “Internet Plus Healthcare” in China: Policy Text Analysis
Authors: Yang Feng , Shu Huilin , Zhang Xiaoqian
Published: July 2021

Background

The combination of the internet and healthcare has excellent benefits and far-reaching positive effects in improving service efficiency and promoting social equity. The role of the “internet plus healthcare” (IPHC) has been recognized, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This new healthcare model is also familiar to people and shows a bright prospect.

Objective

This article seeks to accurately understand and fully grasp the characteristics of IPHC policies that can enlighten the formulation of future policies.

Methods

The content analysis method was used to analyze China’s IPHC policies collected from the Beida Fabao database and several official websites.

Results

We found that the development of IPHC policy has gone through 4 stages and is currently entering a phase of rapid development. IPHC policymakers are primarily health administrative departments. In addition, policy instruments are classified into either supply, environment, or demand, and policy themes can be summarized into 4 categories: facilities, technology, service, and management.

Conclusions

China’s IPHC policy has good prospects from the perspective of development trends. The health administrative departments mainly lead the development of China’s IPHC policy. It is suggested that these departments involve other stakeholders (ie, medical workers, medical industries, and technology sectors) in formulating policies. Policies prefer to use supply-based and environment-based policy instruments. The policy themes emphasize improving infrastructure construction and high-quality diagnostic and treatment services, strengthening the supporting role of information technology, and ensuring all stakeholders understand their responsibilities.
One Decade of Online Patient Feedback: Longitudinal Analysis of Data From a German Physician Rating Website
Authors: Emmert Martin , McLennan Stuart
Published: July 2021

Background

Feedback from patients is an essential element of a patient-oriented health care system. Physician rating websites (PRWs) are a key way patients can provide feedback online. This study analyzes an entire decade of online ratings for all medical specialties on a German PRW.

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine how ratings posted on a German PRW have developed over the past decade. In particular, it aimed to explore (1) the distribution of ratings according to time-related aspects (year, month, day of the week, and hour of the day) between 2010 and 2019, (2) the number of physicians with ratings, (3) the average number of ratings per physician, (4) the average rating, (5) whether differences exist between medical specialties, and (6) the characteristics of the patients rating physicians.

Methods

All scaled-survey online ratings that were posted on the German PRW jameda between 2010 and 2019 were obtained.

Results

In total, 1,906,146 ratings were posted on jameda between 2010 and 2019 for 127,921 physicians. The number of rated physicians increased constantly from 19,305 in 2010 to 82,511 in 2018. The average number of ratings per rated physicians increased from 1.65 (SD 1.56) in 2010 to 3.19 (SD 4.69) in 2019. Overall, 75.2% (1,432,624/1,906,146) of all ratings were in the best rating category of “very good,” and 5.7% (107,912/1,906,146) of the ratings were in the lowest category of “insufficient.” However, the mean of all ratings was 1.76 (SD 1.53) on the German school grade 6-point rating scale (1 being the best) with a relatively constant distribution over time. General practitioners, internists, and gynecologists received the highest number of ratings (343,242, 266,899, and 232,914, respectively). Male patients, those of higher age, and those covered by private health insurance gave significantly (P<.001) more favorable evaluations compared to their counterparts. Physicians with a lower number of ratings tended to receive ratings across the rating scale, while physicians with a higher number of ratings tended to have better ratings. Physicians with between 21 and 50 online ratings received the lowest ratings (mean 1.95, SD 0.84), while physicians with >100 ratings received the best ratings (mean 1.34, SD 0.47).

Conclusions

This study is one of the most comprehensive analyses of PRW ratings to date. More than half of all German physicians have been rated on jameda each year since 2016, and the overall average number of ratings per rated physicians nearly doubled over the decade. Nevertheless, we could also observe a decline in the number of ratings over the last 2 years. Future studies should investigate the most recent development in the number of ratings on both other German and international PRWs as well as reasons for the heterogeneity in online ratings by medical specialty.
Exploring the Role of Web-Based Interventions in the Self-management of Dementia: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis
Authors: Lee Abigail Rebecca , Gerritzen Esther Vera , McDermott Orii , Orrell Martin
Published: July 2021

Background

The increasing prevalence of dementia has promoted a move toward equipping people with the skills required for greater self-management of the condition to enable a better quality of life. Self-management encompasses numerous skills, such as goal setting and decision making, which aim to improve an individual’s physical and mental well-being when they live with long-term health conditions. Effective self-management may lead to increased well-being and quality of life. Reviews of web-based and app-based interventions have suggested that they have the potential to provide self-management support for people living with a range of conditions, including dementia.

Objective

The aim of this review is to explore the existing use of web-based or app-based interventions that facilitate or support self-management in dementia and discuss their effectiveness in promoting self-management and independence.

Methods

A total of 5 electronic databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published between January 2010 and March 2020. Included studies were appraised using the Downs and Black checklist and the Critical Appraisal Skills Program qualitative research checklist. A narrative synthesis framework was applied using tables and conceptual mapping to explore the relationships within and among studies.

Results

A total of 2561 articles were identified from the initial search, of which 11 (0.43%) met the inclusion criteria for the final analysis. These included 5 quantitative, 4 mixed methods, and 2 qualitative studies. All the included articles were of fair to high quality across the two appraisal measures. Interventions were delivered through a range of web-based and app-based technologies and targeted several self-management concepts. However, there was inconsistency regarding the domains, often affected by dementia, that were targeted by the interventions reviewed.

Conclusions

Web-based and app-based interventions for dementia can be delivered through a range of means and can target different aspects of self-management. The small number of studies included in this review report positive outcomes that seem to support the use of these interventions for people living with dementia. However, there is a clear need for more high-quality research into this type of intervention delivery and for studies that use a much larger number of participants across the dementia spectrum. Future research should consider the barriers to and facilitators of intervention adoption highlighted in this review and whether interventions can encompass the physical, social, cognitive, and emotional domains affected by dementia.
Prosociality and the Uptake of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: Survey Analysis of Intergenerational Differences in Japan
Authors: Shoji Masahiro , Ito Asei , Cato Susumu , Iida Takashi , Ishida Kenji , Katsumata Hiroto , McElwain Kenneth Mori
Published: July 2021

Background

To control the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential to trace and contain infection chains; for this reason, policymakers have endorsed the usage of contact tracing apps. To date, over 50 countries have released such apps officially or semiofficially, but those that rely on citizens’ voluntary uptake suffer from low adoption rates, reducing their effectiveness. Early studies suggest that the low uptake is driven by citizens’ concerns about security and privacy, as well as low perceptions of infection risk and benefits from the usage. However, these do not explore important generational differences in uptake decision or the association between individuals’ prosociality and uptake.

Objective

The objective of our study was to examine the role of individuals’ prosociality and other factors discussed in the literature, such as perceived risk and trust in government, in encouraging the usage of contact tracing apps in Japan. We paid particular attention to generational differences.

Methods

A web-based survey was conducted in Japan 6 months after the release of a government-sponsored contact tracing app. Participants were recruited from individuals aged between 20 and 69 years. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to measure prosociality, risk perception, and trust in government. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between these factors and uptake.

Results

There was a total of 7084 respondents, and observations from 5402 respondents were used for analysis, of which 791 respondents (14.6%) had ever used the app. Two factors of prosociality were retained: agreeableness and attachment to the community. Full-sample analysis demonstrated app uptake was determined by agreeableness, attachment to the community, concern about health risks, concern about social risks, and trust in the national government; however, important differences existed. The uptake decision of respondents aged between 20 and 39 years was attributed to their attachment to the community (odds ratio [OR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.11-1.48). Agreeable personality (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02-1.35), concern about social risk (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02-1.35), and trust in national government (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.28) were key determinants for those aged between 40 and 59 years. For those aged over 60 years, concerns about health risks determined the uptake decision (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.24-1.80).

Conclusions

Policymakers should implement different interventions for each generation to increase the adoption rate of contact tracing apps. It may be effective to inform older adults about the health benefits of the apps. For middle-age adults, it is important to mitigate concerns about security and privacy issues, and for younger generations, it is necessary to boost their attachment to their community by utilizing social media and other web-based network tools.
Revealing Public Opinion Towards COVID-19 Vaccines With Twitter Data in the United States: Spatiotemporal Perspective
Authors: Hu Tao , Wang Siqin , Luo Wei , Zhang Mengxi , Huang Xiao , Yan Yingwei , Liu Regina , Ly Kelly , Kacker Viraj , She Bing , Li Zhenlong
Published: July 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a large, initially uncontrollable, public health crisis both in the United States and across the world, with experts looking to vaccines as the ultimate mechanism of defense. The development and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines have been rapidly advancing via global efforts. Hence, it is crucial for governments, public health officials, and policy makers to understand public attitudes and opinions towards vaccines, such that effective interventions and educational campaigns can be designed to promote vaccine acceptance.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate public opinion and perception on COVID-19 vaccines in the United States. We investigated the spatiotemporal trends of public sentiment and emotion towards COVID-19 vaccines and analyzed how such trends relate to popular topics found on Twitter.

Methods

We collected over 300,000 geotagged tweets in the United States from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021. We examined the spatiotemporal patterns of public sentiment and emotion over time at both national and state scales and identified 3 phases along the pandemic timeline with sharp changes in public sentiment and emotion. Using sentiment analysis, emotion analysis (with cloud mapping of keywords), and topic modeling, we further identified 11 key events and major topics as the potential drivers to such changes.

Results

An increasing trend in positive sentiment in conjunction with a decrease in negative sentiment were generally observed in most states, reflecting the rising confidence and anticipation of the public towards vaccines. The overall tendency of the 8 types of emotion implies that the public trusts and anticipates the vaccine. This is accompanied by a mixture of fear, sadness, and anger. Critical social or international events or announcements by political leaders and authorities may have potential impacts on public opinion towards vaccines. These factors help identify underlying themes and validate insights from the analysis.

Conclusions

The analyses of near real-time social media big data benefit public health authorities by enabling them to monitor public attitudes and opinions towards vaccine-related information in a geo-aware manner, address the concerns of vaccine skeptics, and promote the confidence that individuals within a certain region or community have towards vaccines.
Atopic dermatitis: clinical phenotypes, persistence and comorbidity
Authors: Volosovets O.P. , Kryvopustov S.P. , Mozyrskaya O.V.
Published: July 2021

Background. Atopic dermatitis is the most common skin disease among children. Its natural history is heterogeneous with a difference in age of manifestation, localization of lesions, severity, sensitization profiles, presence of comorbid atopic conditions, and longitudinal trajectories of disease progression. The study aimed to assess the impact of factors such as the onset of the disease, atopic family history, presence of concomitant allergic pathology, duration of breastfeeding on the course of the disease and the development of respiratory allergies, and the impact of environmental factors that aggravate the disease. Materials and methods. Children with atopic dermatitis (n = 88) were included in the study from September 2020 to April 2021 in Kyiv, Ukraine. Symptoms of respiratory allergy in the history of patients have been documented as comorbidity. Results. Total of 88 patients at the time of examination presented with manifestations of atopic dermatitis in the form of a rash, dry skin, scaling, itching, lichenization. The disease severity was significantly related to the age of onset: children with early phenotype had more severe disease (OR = 16.261; 2.056–127.911). There was no statistically significant association of early phenotype of atopic dermatitis with the development of concomitant allergic diseases (OR = 1.813; 0.415–7.916). A severe course was observed in the group of children with atopic family history (OR = 2.750; 1.123–6.735). Children with severe atopic dermatitis had a high risk of concomitant respiratory allergy (OR = 5.604; 1.863–16.863). The duration of breastfeeding did not impact the severity of atopic dermatitis (OR = 0.778; 0.119–5.100) and the risk of concomitant atopic diseases (OR = 1.417; 0.444–4.521). The course of atopic dermatitis was influenced by seasonality in 76 children (86.4 %): the condition of the skin deteriorated in the winter. Contact with the animal was associated with exacerbation of atopic dermatitis in 4 (4.5 %) children, food ingestion — in 20 children (25 %), pollen trees and grasses caused exacerbation in 5 children (5.7 %). Conclusions. Children with a severe phenotype of atopic dermatitis are at risk of developing respiratory allergies. Patients with atopic dermatitis who develop symptoms at the age of under 2 years, as well as those with an atopic family history, are at high risk of developing a severe disease phenotype.
Evaluation of psychiatric symptoms of children with Celiac Disease and their relationship with gluten-free diet and maternal factors
Authors: Civan Hasret Ayyıldız , Yılmaz Semra
Published: July 2021

Background. The purpose was to evaluate the quality of life scores and the adherence of gluten-free diet (GFD) in children with celiac disease (CD). The other objective was to determine the relevance of the maternal emotional status between the psychological adjustments and GFD compliance of the patients with CD. Material and methods. Children’s depression inventory (CDI), Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Disorders (SCARED), Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), KINDer Lebensqualitätsfragebogen Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered to both children with CD healthy controls. Furthmore, the results were compared between the CD patients ant the healthy ones. Results. A total of 47 patients with CD, 33 healthy children and their mothers were enrolled. GFD-compliance rate, which was confirmed by antibody tests, was found to be 41.7 %. The scores of CDI, SCARED, and SDQ were significantly higher in CD patients than the healthy children. Moreover, the total scores of KINDL was significantly lower in CD group. Higher scores of BDI and BAI were found in the CD patients’ mothers than the healthy group. In patients group there were positive-moderate statistically significant correlation detected between score of BDI, BAI of mothers and CDI, SCARED, SDQ scores of children. There were also negative statistically significant correlation between scores of BDI, BAI of mothers and KINDL scores of children. Conclusions. Increased prevalence of psychopathology and reduced quality of life have been clearly demonstrated in children with CD. Worse maternal psychosocial adjustment significantly associated with depressive symptoms in pediatric CD patients.
Clinically suspected myocarditis complicating dengue shock syndrome: a case report and literature review of cardiac complication in dengue-affected pediatric patient
Authors: Rachmi Dita Aulia , Mahardiana Drastis , Budi Mulia Eka Prasetya , Subagjo Agus
Published: July 2021

We report a case of dengue shock syndrome complicated by clinically suspected acute myocarditis in pediatric patient at a limited-resources hospital in a rural area and review the literature. A 12-year-old boy who experienced dengue shock syndrome developed bradycardia on day 7th of illness. His electrocardiogram during the bradycardia showed sinus bradycardia with a rate of 50 beats per minute. Atropine sulfate and dobutamine, alongside supportive management, were administered. The patient recovered 4 days later. We found a total of seven articles involving pediatric patient with dengue illness and cardiac complications by PubMed search. Clinical manifestations of cardiac involvement in pediatric patient with dengue varied and were mostly transient from tachy-bradyarrhythmia, sinus node dysfunction, low blood pressure, decreased ejection fraction, lower cardiac output, and increased cardiac enzyme. Transient cardiac abnormality can be an important presentation, and physician should have high awareness of cardiac complication in dengue-affected pediatric patients to manage them accordingly.
ANALIZA NORMATIVA I PRAKSE SPREČAVANJA NASILJA NAD ŽENAMA U SRBIJI
Authors: Djurdjevic Ana , Djurdjevic Sanja
Published: July 2021

Rodno zasnovano nasilje se smatra jednim od najrasprostranjenijih i najdrastičnijih oblika kršenja ženskih ljudskih prava i narušavanja ljudskog dostojanstva i jedan je od najčešćih pojavnih oblika diskriminacije nad ženama. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da predstavi skup međunarodno prenosivih standarda važnih za praksu prevencije i tretmana žena pogođenim partnerskim nasiljem i da analizira nacionalne dokumente i smernice za postupanje relevantnih institucija u slučajevima nasilja nad ženama. Osnovna hipoteza rada je da usvajanje i ratifikovanje međunarodnih konvencija, između ostalih i Konvencije o sprečavanju i borbi protiv nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici, predstavlja inicijalni korak ka ostvarenju principa nulte tolerancije na nasilje i integriše ovaj princip u nacionalne politike koje su ključne za razvoj društva. Ovaj rad ukazuje da u Republici Srbiji postoji pravni i institucionalni okvir za sprečavanje nasilja nad ženama, ali da strateške mere i zakoni nisu dovoljno delotvorni, odnosno sveobuhvatni i koordinirani u zaštiti žena od svih vidova nasilja.
Analyzing the Vibration Effect of Cutting Tool on Surface Roughness of Turning Work Piece in Lathe Machine
Authors: Shasheekant Sawant Akshay
Published: July 2021

Tool condition observation systems area unit essential in small milling applications. A tool's slenderness needs high-precision observation systems for on-line measurements. In most cases, tool health is indirectly calculable by process and analyzing the cutting method parameters cutlery wear may be a essential development that influences the standard of the machined half. Vibration signals from metal cutting processes are investigated for varied functions, together with in-process tool wear monitoring. Reducing the machining energy consumption (MEC) of machine tools for turning operations is important to market manufacturing producing. during this study, the link between vibration and gear wear is investigated throughout high-speed dry turning by victimization applied math parameters. it's aimed to show however tool wear and therefore the work piece surface roughness changes with tool vibration signals. For this purpose, a series of experiments were conducted in a lathe machine. Modal analysis of each traditional and wear cutlery are going to be perform for locating Natural frequency of cutting tools in ANSYS 19 code. Experimental testing of cutlery are going to be perform using FFT instrument. afterward the comparative analysis are going to be dispensed between the experimental and analysis results and afterward the result & conclusion are going to be drawn.
Por uma leitura situada de Urbanismo: utopias e realidades. Uma antologia (1965), de Françoise Choay
Authors: Peixoto Priscilla Alves
Published: July 2021

No presente artigo, nós nos dedicamos a uma leitura aprofundada do livro L’Urbanisme, utopies et réalités. Une anthologie (1965), organizado por Françoise Choay. Buscamos situá-lo na trajetória intelectual da autora, bem como na cultura discursiva e urbanística em que foi concebido e teve sua primeira difusão. Para desenvolver este trabalho, nossa abordagem baseia-se em autores que estudam livros como “práticas e representações”, com destaque para Roger Chartier. Orientamo-nos também pela noção de “nebulosa” como concebida por Margareth da Silva Pereira. O artigo foi estruturado em três partes: na primeira, apresentamos a antologia e, sobretudo, o seu texto introdutório; na sequência, investigamos situações em que se possa ponderar seu processo de concepção e recepção; e, por fim, problematizamos o exposto ancorados no retorno à leitura da introdução da antologia de Françoise Choay.
Time Deixis in Engineering Discourse
Authors: Čerņevska Jekaterina
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, it has become commonly accepted that the meaning of linguistic elements is interconnected with the context of their use. Deixis is one of the classical pragmatic phenomena that illustrates that context-dependence is inherent in language as meaning of deictic expressions cannot be constructed without the identification of the speech event where these expressions occurred. The present article discusses cases of time deixis in the context of engineering discourse. The goal of the research is to demonstrate how the deictic expression use in different genres of professional discourse impacts meaning construction. The study deals with the data obtained from scientific articles, encyclopaedia chapters and coursebooks. The findings indicate that temporal deictic expressions can be utilized both deictically and non-deictically and their frequency may depend on the genre within each professional discourse. Further research can be conducted to investigate the use of other categories of deictic expressions in engineering discourse.