bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why are people ‘Lying Flat’? Personal relative deprivation suppresses self‐improvement motivation
Authors: Zheng Xuegang , Jing Changyu , Liu Yu , Zhang Yang‐Yang
Published: December 2022

The ‘Lying Flat’ mindset refers to people's low intention to self‐improvement. We hypothesized that personal relative deprivation (PRD), the negative consequence of social comparisons, is one of the reasons that might harm individuals' self‐improvement motivations. In study 1 (N = 313), we found that PRD negatively predicted self‐improvement after controlling for various confounding variables. This result is confirmed in study 2a (N = 3399) and 2b (N = 3219) by using a national representative sample. Furthermore, Study 2a found that the effect of PRD on self‐improvement was mediated by the system‐justifying belief (SJB). In study 3 (N = 160), we experimentally demonstrated that PRD harms self‐improvement and persistence via its effect on SJB. The higher PRD people experienced, the less they endorsed the SJB, which thereby reduced self‐improvement. Taken together, this research manifested that not only would PRD affect people's social beliefs (e.g. SJB) but also hinder self‐improvement motivations.
Relative sea‐level control on the building of two distinct shelf‐margin clinothems on the late‐Quaternary Pearl River margin: Insights from numerical stratigraphic forward modelling
Authors: Qi Kun , Gong Chenglin , Zhang Jinyu , Andresen Katrine Juul , Jin Zhenkui
Published: December 2022

As one of the most important forcing factors, relative sea‐level changes exert a major influence on the building of shelf‐margin clinothems. However, it is still not well understood how these changes control the growth of shelf edges and the condition of sediments transporting into deep water, especially over the individual‐clinothem scale of several 100 ky. On the late‐Quaternary Pearl River margin, there are two distinct shelf‐margin clinothems: SQ3 and SQ4. They have different shelf‐edge trajectories (slight rising vs. steep rising) and different styles of deep‐water deposition (fan lobes consisting mainly of MTDs vs. fan lobes consisting mainly of turbidites). This work takes those SQ3 and SQ4 as study objects and runs a total of 136 experiments from the Dionisos stratigraphic forward model to investigate how relative sea‐level changes control the trajectories of shelf edges and the volumes of MTDs in deep water over the individual‐clinothem scale. Our quantitative results suggest that under the geological background of high sediment supply on the late‐Quaternary Pearl River margin, the duration of highstand systems tracts (HST) relative to lowstand systems tracts (LST) or forced regressive systems tracts (FST) has a significant influence on the building of individual shelf‐margin clinothems. If the relative duration of HST is either very short or very long, slight‐rising shelf‐edge trajectories and large‐volume MTDs would be formed, whereas if the relative duration of HST is comparable with LST or FST, steep‐rising shelf‐edge trajectories and limited MTDs would be formed. Through the constrains of the model set to the real geological condition of the SQ3 and SQ4 clinothems, it is found that SQ3 was caused by the quite long relative duration of HST, which made highstand deltaic systems advance over the pre‐existing shelf‐slope break, leading to significant accretion and instability of the shelf edge and thus, giving rise to the formation of slight‐rising shelf‐edge trajectories and fan lobes with high MTDs contents. SQ4, however, formed as a result of the comparable durations of HST, LST, and FST, which made highstand deltaic systems advance to but not beyond the previous shelf‐slope break allowing the subsequent FST to be directly perched on the clinoform slope. Such building processes did not drive pronounced accretion and instability of the shelf edge and thus, caused the formation of steep‐rising shelf‐edge trajectories and fan lobes with low MTDs contents.
Perinatal presentations of non‐immune hydrops fetalis due to recessive PIEZO1 disease: A challenging fetal diagnosis
Authors: Ghesh Leïla , Désir Julie , Haye Damien , Le Tanno Pauline , Devillard Françoise , Cogné Benjamin , Marangoni Martina , Tecco Laura , Heron Delphine , Le Vaillant Claudine , Joubert Madeleine , Beneteau Claire
Published: December 2022

Hydrops fetalis is a rare disorder associated with significant perinatal complications and a high perinatal mortality of at least 50%. Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is more frequent and results from a wide variety of etiologies. One cause of NIHF is lymphatic malformation 6 (LMPHM6) due to biallelic loss‐of‐function (LoF) variants in PIEZO1. Most individuals are diagnosed postnatally and only few clinical data are available on fetal presentations. We report six novel biallelic predicted LoF variants in PIEZO1 identified by exome sequencing in six fetuses and one deceased neonate from four unrelated families affected with LMPHM6. During the pregnancy, most cases are revealed by isolated NIHF at second trimester of gestation. At post‐mortem examination ascites, pleural effusions and telengectasies can guide the etiological diagnosis. We aim to further describe the perinatal presentation of this condition which could be underdiagnosed.
Buccal bone thickness assessment for immediate anterior dental implant planning: A pilot study comparing cone‐beam computed tomography and 3D double‐echo steady‐state MRI
Authors: Al‐Haj Husain Adib , Stadlinger Bernd , Özcan Mutlu , Schönegg Daphne , Winklhofer Sebastian , Al‐Haj Husain Nadin , Piccirelli Marco , Valdec Silvio
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To evaluate image quality and diagnostic accuracy of buccal bone thickness assessment in maxillary and mandibular anterior region using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3‐dimensional double‐echo steady‐state (DESS) MRI for preoperative planning of immediate dental implants in healthy individuals.

Methods

One hundred and twenty teeth in 10 volunteers were retrospectively evaluated for image quality and artifacts using Likert scale (4 = excellent to 0 = decreased). Buccal bone thickness was measured at three measurement points (M1 = 2 mm from the cementoenamel junction, M2 = middle of the root, and M3 = at the root apex) for each tooth in the maxillary (13–23) and the mandibular anterior region (33–43). Descriptive statistics and two‐way ANOVA with Tukey's Post‐hoc test were performed to evaluate the significant differences (α = 0.05) between both imaging modalities.

Results

Image quality showed little to no artifacts and enabled confident diagnostic interpretation (CBCT (3.72 ± 0.46); MRI (3.65 ± 0.49)), with no significant differences between both imaging modalities (p > 0.05). Regarding the assessment of buccal bone thickness at M1‐M3 for the teeth 13–23 and 33–43, no significant differences were noted (p > 0.05). MRI demonstrated slight, nonsignificant overestimation of thickness with the canines having mainly a thick buccal bone wall, where thin buccal wall was evident for the central incisors.

Conclusion

Black bone MRI sequences, such as 3D‐DESS MRI, for immediate implant planning provided confidential diagnostic accuracy in bone thickness assessment without significant disadvantages compared to CBCT. Thus, the implementation of no‐dose protocols for dental rehabilitation using an immediate loading approach seems promising and could further improve the treatment strategy for dental rehabilitation.
Climate‐linked compensation, societal values, and climate change impact: International evidence
Authors: Bose Sudipta , Burns Natasha , Minnick Kristina , Shams Syed
Published: December 2022

Research question/issue

We examine whether linking executive compensation to climate‐related performance is associated with better firm‐level climate change impact. We also explore the interaction of culture and climate‐linked incentive compensation with climate change impact.

Research findings/insights

Using firm‐level climate change strategy and carbon emissions to measure climate change impacts, we find that climate‐linked compensation is associated with improved climate change strategy. Climate‐related incentives for the CEO and other (operational) executives are found to be negatively associated with firm‐level carbon emissions, although the relationship is not as strong; however, no such association is found for climate‐linked compensation of the board and top‐3 executives. Country‐level attitudes to whether solutions for environmental issues are considered a joint (society) responsibility versus an individual's personal responsibility are found to have an effect on the association between climate‐linked compensation and climate change impacts. We also find that country‐level cultural views enhance the positive association between climate‐linked compensation and climate change strategy but not the association with actual firm‐level carbon emissions. Further analysis shows that non‐US firms drive our study's findings. Finally, improvement in climate strategy is found to have a positive effect on Tobin's Q but has no effect on profitability.

Theoretical/academic implications

Academic research is growing on the role of climate change risk and carbon emissions in corporate decisions. The findings of our study are important given that linking executives' compensation with climate performance is gaining momentum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine any link between climate‐linked compensation and climate change impact.

Practitioner/policy implications

While climate‐linked compensation is associated with positive changes in climate strategy, its association with firm‐level carbon emissions is promising. This is particularly the case when this compensation is offered to executives who are likely to make operational decisions with a direct impact on a firm's carbon footprint and carbon emissions.
Endoscopic management of benign and malignant hilar stricture
Authors: Pimpinelli Marcella , Makar Michael , Kahaleh Michel
Published: December 2022

Management of hilar strictures pose a significant challenge for endoscopists. Several strategies have been demonstrated in the last decade beyond decompression, however, there remains controversy and minimal consensus in the literature. This review seeks to summarize the current literature and discuss emerging therapies, such as photodynamic therapy and radiofrequency ablation.
Spanish‐speaking caregivers’ use of referential labels with toddlers is a better predictor of later vocabulary than their use of referential gestures
Authors: Bang Janet Y. , Bohn Manuel , Ramírez Joel , Marchman Virginia A. , Fernald Anne
Published: December 2022

Variation in how frequently caregivers engage with their children is associated with variation in children's later language outcomes. One explanation for this link is that caregivers use both verbal behaviors, such as labels, and non‐verbal behaviors, such as gestures, to help children establish reference to objects or events in the world. However, few studies have directly explored whether language outcomes are more strongly associated with referential behaviors that are expressed verbally, such as labels, or non‐verbally, such as gestures, or whether both are equally predictive. Here, we observed caregivers from 42 Spanish‐speaking families in the US engage with their 18‐month‐old children during 5‐min lab‐based, play sessions. Children's language processing speed and vocabulary size were assessed when children were 25 months. Bayesian model comparisons assessed the extent to which the frequencies of caregivers’ referential labels, referential gestures, or labels and gestures together, were more strongly associated with children's language outcomes than a model with caregiver total words, or overall talkativeness. The best‐fitting models showed that children who heard more referential labels at 18 months were faster in language processing and had larger vocabularies at 25 months. Models including gestures, or labels and gestures together, showed weaker fits to the data. Caregivers’ total words predicted children's language processing speed, but predicted vocabulary size less well. These results suggest that the frequency with which caregivers of 18‐month‐old children use referential labels, more so than referential gestures, is a critical feature of caregiver verbal engagement that contributes to language processing development and vocabulary growth.

Research Highlights

We examined the frequency of referential communicative behaviors, via labels and/or gestures, produced by caregivers during a 5‐min play interaction with their 18‐month‐old children.

We assessed predictive relations between labels, gestures, their combination, as well as total words spoken, and children's processing speed and vocabulary growth at 25 months.

Bayesian model comparisons showed that caregivers’ referential labels at 18 months best predicted both 25‐month vocabulary measures, although total words also predicted later processing speed.

Frequent use of referential labels by caregivers, more so than referential gestures, is a critical feature of communicative behavior that supports children's later vocabulary learning.
First‐trimester glycaemic markers as predictors of gestational diabetes and its associated adverse outcomes: A prospective cohort study
Authors: D'Arcy Robert J. , Cooke Inez E. , McKinley Michelle , McCance David R. , Graham Una M.
Published: December 2022

Objective

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with excessive fetal growth in later gestation.

Recent data suggest accelerated growth may begin before 28 weeks' gestation when GDM is typically diagnosed. The identification of pregnancies at risk of early fetal growth would enable early intervention. We assessed the use of early pregnancy HbA1c in predicting excessive fetal growth.

Research Design and Methods

Women were recruited at antenatal booking from a major maternity unit in the UK. HbA1c was measured at <14 weeks gestation in 1243 women at risk of GDM as defined by UK NICE risk factors of whom 1115 underwent OGTT. Women with previous GDM were excluded. Comprehensive fetal ultrasound was performed at 28 weeks' gestation alongside 75 g OGTT in 976 of these women. GDM was defined using WHO criteria. Pregnancy outcomes were extracted from the regional maternity care database.

Results

Two hundred and thirty‐six women screened positive for GDM. At diagnosis, GDM pregnancies demonstrated higher adjusted fetal weight percentile than non‐GDM pregnancies: (51.8 vs. 46.3, p = 0.008). This was driven by increases in the fetal abdominal circumference percentile in GDM compared with non‐GDM pregnancies (55.3 vs. 46.2, p = <0.001). Early pregnancy HbA1c was higher in the GDM versus non‐GDM group: (35.7 mmol/mol vs. 32.9 mmol/mol p = <0.01). A threshold for predicting excessive fetal growth was not identified in this cohort.

Conclusions

Accelerated fetal growth is evident prior to the diagnosis of GDM. There remains a need for suitable methods of early identification of pregnancies at high risk for early accelerated fetal growth due to GDM. First‐trimester HbA1c was not useful in identifying these pregnancies.

Novelty Statement

What is already known?

Recent research suggests excessive growth associated with GDM may begin prior to 28 weeks' gestation, when GDM is typically tested for

What this study has found?

Pregnancies affected by GDM are already subject to accelerated fetal growth in comparison to non‐GDM pregnancies by way of higher estimated fetal weight and fetal abdominal circumference

Neither first‐trimester HbA1c nor plasma glucose was useful predictors of these outcomes

What are the implications of this study?

Highlights the emergence of excessive growth prior to detection of GDM

Reinforces need for suitable methods of identifying such pregnancies in earlier gestation
Medio‐dorsal thalamic dysconnectivity in chronic knee pain: A possible mechanism for negative affect and pain comorbidity
Authors: Iwabuchi Sarina J. , Drabek Marianne M. , Cottam William J. , Tadjibaev Arman , Mohammadi‐Nejad Ali‐Reza , Sotiropoulos Stamatios , Fernandes Gwen S. , Valdes Ana M. , Zhang Weiya , Doherty Michael , Walsh David A. , Auer Dorothee P.
Published: December 2022

The reciprocal interaction between pain and negative affect is acknowledged but pain‐related alterations in brain circuits involved in this interaction, such as the mediodorsal thalamus (MDThal), still require a better understanding. We sought to investigate the relationship between MDThal circuitry, negative affect and pain severity in chronic musculoskeletal pain. For these analyses, participants with chronic knee pain (CKP, n = 74) and without (n = 36) completed magnetic resonance imaging scans and questionnaires. Seed‐based MDThal functional connectivity (FC) was compared between groups. Within CKP group, we assessed the interdependence of MDThal FC with negative affect. Finally, post hoc moderation analysis explored whether burden of pain influences affect‐related MDThal FC. The CKP group showed altered MDThal FC to hippocampus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex and subgenual anterior cingulate. Furthermore, in CKP group, MDThal connectivity correlated significantly with negative affect in several brain regions, most notably the medial prefrontal cortex, and this association was stronger with increasing pain burden and absent in pain‐free controls. In conclusion, we demonstrate mediodorsal thalamo‐cortical dysconnectivity in chronic pain with areas linked to mood disorders and associations of MDThal FC with negative affect. Moreover, burden of pain seems to enhance affect sensitivity of MDThal FC. These findings suggest mediodorsal thalamic network changes as possible drivers of the detrimental interplay between chronic pain and negative affect.
Species divergence under competition and shared predation
Authors: Roesti Marius , Groh Jeffrey S. , Blain Stephanie A. , Huss Magnus , Rassias Peter , Bolnick Daniel I. , Stuart Yoel E. , Peichel Catherine L. , Schluter Dolph
Published: December 2022

Species competing for resources also commonly share predators. While competition often drives divergence between species, the effects of shared predation are less understood. Theoretically, competing prey species could either diverge or evolve in the same direction under shared predation depending on the strength and symmetry of their interactions. We took an empirical approach to this question, comparing antipredator and trophic phenotypes between sympatric and allopatric populations of threespine stickleback and prickly sculpin fish that all live in the presence of a trout predator. We found divergence in antipredator traits between the species: in sympatry, antipredator adaptations were relatively increased in stickleback but decreased in sculpin. Shifts in feeding morphology, diet and habitat use were also divergent but driven primarily by stickleback evolution. Our results suggest that asymmetric ecological character displacement indirectly made stickleback more and sculpin less vulnerable to shared predation, driving divergence of antipredator traits between sympatric species.
Reciprocity and interaction effectiveness in generalised mutualisms among free‐living species
Authors: Quintero Elena , Rodríguez‐Sánchez Francisco , Jordano Pedro
Published: December 2022

Mutualistic interactions among free‐living species generally involve low‐frequency interactions and highly asymmetric dependence among partners, yet our understanding of factors behind their emergence is still limited. Using individual‐based interactions of a super‐generalist fleshy‐fruited plant with its frugivore assemblage, we estimated the Resource Provisioning Effectiveness (RPE) and Seed Dispersal Effectiveness (SDE) to assess the balance in the exchange of resources. Plants were highly dependent on a few frugivore species, while frugivores interacted with most individual plants, resulting in strong asymmetries of mutual dependence. Interaction effectiveness was mainly driven by interaction frequency. Despite highly asymmetric dependences, the strong reliance on quantity of fruit consumed determined high reciprocity in rewards between partners (i.e. higher energy provided by the plant, more seedlings recruited), which was not obscured by minor variations in the quality of animal or plant service. We anticipate reciprocity will emerge in low‐intimacy mutualisms where the mutualistic outcome largely relies upon interaction frequency.
Divergence in rates of phenotypic plasticity among ectotherms
Authors: Einum Sigurd , Burton Tim
Published: December 2022

An individual's fitness cost associated with environmental change likely depends on the rate of adaptive phenotypic plasticity, and yet our understanding of plasticity rates in an ecological and evolutionary context remains limited. We provide the first quantitative synthesis of existing plasticity rate data, focusing on acclimation of temperature tolerance in ectothermic animals, where we demonstrate applicability of a recently proposed analytical approach. The analyses reveal considerable variation in plasticity rates of this trait among species, with half‐times (how long it takes for the initial deviation from the acclimated phenotype to be reduced by 50% when individuals are shifted to a new environment) ranging from 3.7 to 770.2 h. Furthermore, rates differ among higher taxa, being higher for amphibians and reptiles than for crustaceans and fishes, and with insects being intermediate. We argue that a more comprehensive understanding of phenotypic plasticity will be attained through increased focus on the rate parameter.
Defining null expectations for animal site fidelity
Authors: Picardi Simona , Abrahms Briana , Gelzer Emily , Morrison Thomas A. , Verzuh Tana , Merkle Jerod A.
Published: December 2022

Site fidelity—the tendency to return to previously visited locations—is widespread across taxa. Returns may be driven by several mechanisms, including memory, habitat selection, or chance; however, pattern‐based definitions group different generating mechanisms under the same label of ‘site fidelity’, often assuming memory as the main driver. We propose an operational definition of site fidelity as patterns of return that deviate from a null expectation derived from a memory‐free movement model. First, using agent‐based simulations, we show that without memory, intrinsic movement characteristics and extrinsic landscape characteristics are key determinants of return patterns and that even random movements may generate substantial probabilities of return. Second, we illustrate how to implement our framework empirically to establish ecologically meaningful, system‐specific null expectations for site fidelity. Our approach provides a conceptual and operational framework to test hypotheses on site fidelity across systems and scales.
Designing new digital tools to augment human creative thinking at work: An application in elite sports coaching
Authors: Maiden Neil , Lockerbie James , Zachos Konstantinos , Wolf Alex , Brown Amanda
Published: December 2022

Creative thinking is desirable in many professions. This article reports new research that followed a design science approach to develop and investigate a co‐creative tool called Sport Sparks in one profession – the coaching of professional football players. In response to a coach entering a text description of a coaching challenge (e.g., struggling to maintain the fitness of an athlete) into the tool, the tool automatically generated potentially novel ideas (e.g., reducing game time and changing their nutrition) that the coach could select and/or adapt and evolve into a simple action plan (e.g., which links nutrition to increased game time). This Sport Sparks tool was designed to be an example of human‐centred artificial intelligence that aspires to empower humans, to deliver high levels of human control as well as automation, and empower people rather than emulate their expertise. It was engineered with rule‐based reasoning to automate the generation of potential new ideas that coaches could select and refine during interactions which provide high user control over this automation. The potential of such a co‐creative tool, and value of the guidelines, were demonstrated during the tool's evaluation by coaching practitioners at a Premier League football club. The practitioners used the tool to generate new ideas to coaching challenges, and reported evidence of different forms of creative thinking, although some also reported the need for more support for creative collaborations and solution planning. The paper ends by discussing future directions for both the Sport Sparks tool and other co‐creative AI tools.
Effect of interannual variations of Kuroshio–Tsushima Warm Current system on the transportation of juvenile Japanese jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) to the Pacific coast of Japan
Authors: Igeta Yosuke , Sassa Chiyuki , Takahashi Motomitsu , Kuga Mizuki , Kitajima Satoshi , Wagawa Taku , Abe Shoko , Watanabe Chikako , Setou Takashi , Nakamura Hirohiko , Hirose Naoki
Published: December 2022

Recruitment of Japanese jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) has been decreasing continuously since 2000 in the Pacific coastal waters of Japan. The reasons and mechanisms for this phenomenon are still unclear. Particle‐tracking experiments were performed using a data assimilation model to elucidate the effect of a current system on the transportation processes of T. japonicus from the main spawning ground in the southern East China Sea to the Pacific coastal waters. The experiments demonstrated that T. japonicus were transported from the southern East China Sea to the Pacific waters around western Japan through the Tokara Strait, and the number of particles transported to the Pacific decreased from 2000 to 2017. The particles passing through the northwest Tokara Strait tended to be transported to the Pacific side during 2000–2005 and to the Sea of Japan during 2006–2017. The bifurcation toward the Sea of Japan was due to an amplification of the northward current where the Tsushima Warm Current originates (west of Kyushu). This change was induced by a rising sea level west of Kyushu due to Kuroshio's northward shift along the western Pacific coast of Japan, which induced the Tsushima Strait through flow to strengthen. The decrease in larval transportation due to the current system change can be one of the causes for the recruitment decline of T. japonicus along the Pacific coast.
Deconstructing the dimensions of alpha diversity in squamate reptiles (Reptilia: Squamata) across the Americas
Authors: Vásquez‐Restrepo Juan D. , Ochoa‐Ochoa Leticia M. , Flores‐Villela Oscar , Velasco Julián A.
Published: December 2022

Aim

Our aim is to document the dimensions of current squamate reptile biodiversity in the Americas by integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional data, and assessing how this may vary across phylogenetic scales. We also explore the potential underlying mechanisms that may be responsible for the observed geographical diversity patterns.

Location

The Americas.

Time period

Present.

Major taxa

Squamate reptiles.

Methods

We used published data on the distribution, phylogeny, and body size of squamate reptiles to document the current dimensions of their alpha diversity in the Americas. We overlapped species ranges to estimate taxonomic diversity (TD) and calculated phylogenetic diversity (PD) using mean pairwise phylogenetic distance (MPD), speciation rate (DivRate) and Faith's phylogenetic index (PD). We estimated functional diversity (FD) as trait dispersion in the multivariate space using body size and leg development data. We implemented a deconstructive macroecological approach to understand how spatial mismatches between the three facets of diversity vary across phylogenetic scales, and the potential eco‐evolutionary mechanisms driving these patterns across space.

Results

We found a strong latitudinal gradient of TD with a large accumulation in tropical regions. PD and FD patterns were largely similar likely due to the high phylogenetic signal in the traits used, and higher values tended to be concentrated in harsh and/or heterogeneous environments. We found differences between major clades within Squamata that display contrasting geographical patterns. Several regions across the continent shared the same spatial mismatches between dimensions across clades, suggesting that similar eco‐evolutionary processes are shaping these regional reptile assemblages. However, we also found evidence that non‐mutually exclusive processes can operate differently across clades.

Main conclusions

The deconstructive approach implemented here is based on a solid macroecological framework. We can extend this to other taxonomic groups to establish whether there are particularities about how different eco‐evolutionary mechanisms shape biodiversity facets in a spatially explicit context.
Re‐engaging psychology for (more) human geographies of the future
Authors: Bunnell Tim , Ng Huiying , Yeo Si Jie Ivin
Published: December 2022

Recent work in several fields of psychology has advanced understanding of how humans imaginatively construct, simulate and (pre‐)feel the future. These advances have not yet been substantively engaged in social and cultural geography. In this paper, we identify, review and begin to draw together scholarship in human geography and several subfields of psychology on the ways in which people imagine and navigate towards the future. The most influential existing work on the future in geography has concerned powerful institutional and discursive depictions of threatening times‐to‐come. In contrast, psychological and neuroscientific work on cognitive processes involved in prospection extends possibilities for a human geographical approach to the future considering how people relate to discursive imaginaries and spatial environments. Reinvigoration of the human geography‐psychology nexus can further critical understanding of the spatialities through which futures are imaginatively formed and felt by individuals, and are thereby brought into the realm of political and social possibility.
Overcoming the mobility bias in transnational entrepreneurship
Authors: Vorobeva Ekaterina
Published: December 2022

The current article contributes to the debates on immobility in migration studies. More specifically, it aims to show and challenge mobility bias in transnational entrepreneurship; the relevant scholarship appears to overconcentrate on immigrants as major driving forces of cross‐border business relations while ignoring the contributions of nonmigrant populations. Based on the qualitative data collected from Central Asian migrant entrepreneurs in Russia, this research dispels the myth about the inertness of nonmigrants by demonstrating their utmost importance in establishing and sustaining transnational enterprises. Therefore, transnational entrepreneurship should be regarded as the result of joint efforts of both mobile and sedentary actors. The presented evidence suggests that mobility and immobility are integrally intertwined and mutually constitutive. This study calls for a more balanced and nuanced vision of how transnationalism occurs.
GR24 alleviates the adverse effects of drought stress on physiology and photosystem II function in alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.)
Authors: Yang Yuwei , Gu Mingzhou , Lu Junfeng , Li Xiaotong , Liu Dalin , Li Xin'e , Wang Lin
Published: December 2022

Drought is a major environmental stress that limits growth and development of plants. Strigolactone, a kind of carotenoid‐derived sesquiterpenoid hormone, plays an important role in resisting abiotic stress for plants. In this study, alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) WL‐712 was sprayed with GR24 (a synthetic strigolactone analog) at the concentration of 0.1 μM for 3 days under drought stress for 1 week. The results showed that GR24 treatment could increase the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar and decrease the content of malondialdehyde, which negatively affected by drought stress in alfalfa. In addition, GR24 treatment significantly enhanced superoxide dismutase and the activities of peroxidase and catalase in alfalfa. The JIP test analysis also indicated that GR24 could alleviate photosynthesis negatively affected by drought stress. The expressions of genes related to photosynthesis were consistent with the changes of physiological indexes in alfalfa. This study indicated that GR24 could alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress on physiology and photosystem II function in alfalfa leaves.
STILL PLAYING WITH THE PAST: HISTORY, HISTORIANS, AND DIGITAL GAMES
Authors: Wright Esther
Published: December 2022

Playing with the Past: Digital Games and the Simulation of History, edited by Matthew Wilhelm Kapell and Andrew B. R. Elliott, was a significant publication in the establishment of historical (digital) game studies, a field that has since continued to grow. This review essay notes some of the key interventions made by the edited collection and its scope in accounting for the complexities of digital historical games. It also reflects on what the book represented at the early stages of the discipline and the ways in which scholarly approaches have developed (or not) in the decade since its publication. In doing so, it focuses on several key areas that arose in Playing with the Past and have remained central to historical game studies. In particular, this essay examines questions of digital games’ relationship to “professional,” written history; whether games can (or need to) teach their players about the past; and the troublesome reoccurrence of and reliance on certain difficult terms, such as “historical accuracy” and “historical authenticity.” This essay argues that all three of these fundamental aspects of our current approaches to historical game studies require further criticality to build on the foundational work of Playing with the Past as well as the vital work published in the field over the last decade.
Fabrication and characterization of medium‐entropy carbide ceramics in low temperature sintering
Authors: Zou Qin , Li Zhuang , Li Yanguo , Li Shuang , Gu Haotian , He Wenquan , Luo Yongan
Published: December 2022

The medium‐entropy carbide (W,Ti,V)C0.8 ceramics were prepared by sparking plasma sintering at temperatures between 1400 and 1700°C. The effects of sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the medium‐entropy carbide (W,Ti,V)C0.8 ceramics were investigated. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectrometer were used to confirm the formation of single‐phase face‐centered cubic (FCC) solid solution of the medium‐entropy carbide (W,Ti,V)C0.8 ceramics prepared at a sintering temperature of 1600°C. It was found that the mechanical properties of the material were improved by solid solution strengthening during the formation of single‐phase FCC solid solution, and the best overall performance of the medium‐entropy carbide (W,Ti,V)C0.8 ceramics was achieved at 1600°C, when the hardness value was 22.3 ± 1.8 GPa, the fracture toughness was 5.7 ± 0.8 MPa·m1/2, the flexural strength was 605 ± 4 MPa, and the compressive strength was 1.84 GPa. Most importantly, the addition of TiC0.4 promoted the diffusion among the elements of the medium‐entropy carbide (W,Ti,V)C0.8 ceramics, which contributed to the formation of single‐phase FCC solid solution and significantly reduced the sintering temperature of the medium‐entropy carbide (W,Ti,V)C0.8 ceramics due to the effect of vacancies. This study provides a new idea for the preparation of medium‐entropy carbide ceramics.
Isolation, purification and biochemical characterization of Conopomorpha cramerella farnesol dehydrogenase
Authors: Satyaveanthan Mahasakthy‐Vijeyasri , Ng Chyan Leong , Awang Alias , Lam Kok Wai , Hassan Maizom
Published: December 2022

In Southeast Asia, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) which is commonly known as the cocoa pod borer (CPB) moth has been identified as the most detrimental pest of Theobroma cacao L. Apart from the various side effects on human health and non‐target organisms, heavily relying on synthetic pyrethroid insecticides to control CPB infestations also increases the environmental contamination risks. Thus, developing biorational insecticides that minimally affect the non‐target organism and environment by targeting the insect growth regulation process is needed to manage the pest population. In insects, juvenile hormones (JH) regulate critical biological events, especially metamorphosis, development and reproduction. Since the physiological roles of JH III vary among different organisms, the biochemical properties, especially substrate specificity and analogue inhibition, may also be different. Therefore, studies on the JH III biosynthetic pathway enzymes in both plants and insects are beneficial to discover more effective analogues. Bioinformatic analysis and biochemical characterization of a NADP+‐dependent farnesol dehydrogenase, an intermediate enzyme of the JH III pathway, from C. cramerella (CcFolDH), were described in this study. In addition, the farnesol analogues that may act as a potent analogue inhibitor for CcFolDH ware determined using in vitro enzymatic study. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that CcFolDH shared a close phylogenetic relationship to the honeybee's short‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase. The 27 kDa CcFolDH has an NADP(H) binding domain with a typical Rossmann fold and is likely a homotetrameric protein in the solution. The enzyme had a greater preference for substrate trans, trans‐farnesol and coenzyme NADP+. In terms of analogue inhibitor inhibition, hexahydroxyfarnesyl acetone showed the highest inhibition (the lowest Ki) compared to other farnesol analogues. Thus, hexahydroxyfarnesyl acetone would serve as the most potent active ingredient for future biorational pesticide management for C. cramerella infestation. Based on the bioinformatic analyses and biochemical characterizations conducted in this research, we proposed that rCcFolDH differs slightly from other reported farnesol dehydrogenases in terms of molecular weight, substrate preference, coenzymes utilization and analogue inhibitors selection.
Hysteresis in unemployment: Evidence from OECD estimates of the natural rate
Authors: Ball Laurence , Onken Joern
Published: December 2022

This paper studies the dynamics of unemployment (u) and its natural rate (u*), with u* measured by real‐time estimates for 29 countries from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. We find strong evidence of hysteresis: an innovation in u causes u* to change in the same direction, and therefore has permanent effects. For our baseline specification, a one‐percentage‐point deviation of u from u* for 1 year has a long‐run effect of 0.16 points on both variables. When we allow asymmetry, we find, perhaps surprisingly, that decreases in u have larger long‐run effects than increases in u.
A retrospective study of iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy compared with Vitapex pulpectomy for irreversible pulpitis of primary molars with the presence of coronal pulp tissue
Authors: Hu Xiaoyan , Liang Zhaojia , Wang Qun , Liu Laikui
Published: December 2022

Background

Pulpotomy has been successfully performed in immature and mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis but rarely in primary teeth.

Aim

To evaluate the outcomes of iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy and Vitapex pulpectomy in primary molars with irreversible pulpitis.

Design

We selected 130 primary molars of 99 patients, aged 3–7 years, diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis with coronal pulp tissue and treated with iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy or Vitapex pulpectomy (median follow‐up period: 18 months). They were divided into the pulpotomy (n = 88) and pulpectomy (n = 42) groups according to treatment procedure. The pulpotomy group was further divided into asymptomatic (n = 46) and symptomatic (n = 42) subgroups according to preoperative symptoms. The chi‐squared test and Cox regression were performed to analyze the outcomes.

Results

Clinical and radiographic success rates were significantly higher in the pulpotomy group (98.9% and 95.5%) than in the pulpectomy group (88.1% and 54.8%) and did not differ significantly between asymptomatic and symptomatic pulpotomy subgroups.

Conclusion

Irreversible pulpitis of primary molars with coronal pulp tissue can be successfully treated with iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy. Early intraradicular resorption of materials is the main adverse outcome of Vitapex pulpectomy.
An analysis of the evolution of global financial network of the coordinated portfolio investment survey
Authors: Ahn Sang Jin , Jung Jae Woong , Koo Hyeng Keun , Ahn Seryoong
Published: December 2022

In this study, we construct a directional global financial network using portfolio investment data from more than 200 countries during the first two decades of the 21st century and analyze the properties of the network. Through macroscopic analysis, we show that the network became denser and could be divided into central and peripheral groups. Microscopic analysis shows that, in addition to well‐known financial‐central countries, relatively less well‐known countries played important roles in the global financial network. Further, each country's per capita GDP is positively correlated with its centrality in the network, and the correlation is stronger when measured with inbound investments than when measured with outbound investments.
COVID‐19 pandemic and African innovation: Finding the good from the bad using Twitter data and text mining approach
Authors: Asare Andy Ohemeng , Sarpong Eric Ohemeng , Truong holds Ngoc , Osei‐Bonsu Patrick , Ahado Samuel , Mensah William Gyasi
Published: December 2022

This study investigates public sentiments and the essential topics of discussion on Africa's innovation amidst COVID‐19. Web scraping techniques were used to collect and parse data from Twitter platform using the keywords “Africa Innovation COVID‐19”. A total of 54,318 cleaned English tweets were gathered and analysed using Twint Python Libraries. Our sentiment analysis findings revealed that 28,084 tweets (52 per cent) were positive, 21,037 (39 per cent), and 5197 (9 per cent) of tweets were neutral and negative, respectively, for Polarity sentiments. Notably, Healthcare, Imagination, Support, Webinar, Learning, Future, Rwanda, and Challenge were the most discussed topics on Africa's innovation during COVID‐19. The topic labelling sentiments on the themes identified were positive, neutral, and negative, respectively. The study also revealed a cluster relationship between all identified topics. The relationship among these themes divulged how COVID‐19 is positively shaping social and technological innovation in Africa. The study further presented practical implications to better position African leaders and policymakers to capitalise on the current innovation ecosystems and institutional capacities to transform the continent into a digital and innovation hub. The research concludes with theoretical recommendations and study limitations that will guide researchers and academicians in conducting future research in the subject area.
Effect on structure, stability, and H+ irradiation on Nd3+/Ru4+‐loaded iron phosphate glass for nuclear applications
Authors: Joshi Akhilesh C. , Roy Mainak , Dutta Dimple P. , Mishra Raman K. , Meena Sher Singh , Kumar Ravi , Tyagi Avesh K.
Published: December 2022

Nuclear energy generation technology is critically linked with the safe disposal of radioactive waste. In this context, iron phosphate glass (IPG) is gaining predominance as nuclear waste vitrification matrix that necessitates a thorough study on the effect of the loading of various nuclear fission waste materials in it. In this study, the effect of the loading of Nd3+ (which acts as a surrogate for radioactive curium (Cm)) and Ru4+ (which is a fission product of 235U) in IPG has been assessed. The optimum loading of Nd3+/Ru4+ leading to the formation of homogenous melt has been ascertained via powder X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The modification in the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio in IPG and the consequent change in its average coordination number with Nd3+/Ru4+ loading has been deduced from the Mössbauer studies. Local structure analysis has been done using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy at Nd/Ru/Fe K‐edge (as applicable) for all the single and co‐loaded IPG samples. All the co‐loaded samples show enhanced glass stability and glass forming ability compared to unloaded IPG which has been ascertained via detailed thermal studies. The variation in IPG network structure on the addition of Nd2O3 and RuO2 has been ascertained through spectroscopic techniques like Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman. The base glass and a few representative homogenous single and co‐loaded IPG samples have been irradiated with 4.5 MeV proton beam to simulate the hosting of radioactive elements and the radiation effect on glass structure has been ascertained using FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. The suitability of IPG as nuclear waste vitrification matrix for Nd3+ and Ru4+ is established through all the above analyses.
Lattice parameter fluctuations of relaxor ferroelectrics determined by X‐ray diffraction method
Authors: Feng Xinya , An Zheyi , Zhang Nan , Yang Shuai , Wang Mingwen , Wang Chao , Li Yang , Liu Xuechen , Li Fei
Published: December 2022

Relaxor ferroelectrics possess prominent dielectric and piezoelectric properties thus have been utilized in many advanced electromechanical devices. However, the atomic‐scale mechanism of their excellent electromechanical properties remains vague, which hinders the development of high‐performance ferroelectrics. In this work, we investigated the lattice parameter fluctuations for Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics, with a comparison of non‐relaxor ferroelectric ceramics, including BaTiO3, SrTiO3, and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, at their respective paraelectric phase by X‐ray diffraction. We found that the fluctuations of lattice parameter were much larger in relaxor ferroelectrics than that in conventional ferroelectrics in the paraelectric phase, revealing a significant distinction between relaxor ferroelectrics and conventional ferroelectrics from the respect of atomic arrangement. Transmission electron microscopy experiments and X‐ray scattering‐intensity simulations indicated that the large fluctuations of lattice parameter in relaxor ferroelectrics can be attributed to the ordered–disordered arrangement of B‐site cations at the nanoscale. This work offers a new method to study the chemical arrangement difference between relaxor ferroelectrics and conventional ferroelectrics and may help us to explore the atomic‐scale origin of ultrahigh piezoelectric properties in relaxor ferroelectrics.