bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A forgone federalization as a fundamental reason for the Russian Empire decline
Authors: Sharapov R. D.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the consideration of the problem of federalization of the Russian state. Since the XVI century. Russia was a multinational state inhabited by Slavic, Turkic, Finno-Ugric peoples. All these peoples were part of the population of the Russian state due to the rise and further expansion of the Moscow principality, which first formed the backbone of resistance to the Golden Horde, and later created the united Russian state. The article examines how the nature of the Moscow principality influenced the «autocracy» of the Russian kingdom, and later the Russian Empire. The main purpose of the study is to identify trends and patterns in the development of the Russian state that prevented its earlier federalization. To achieve this goal, the author considers the problems of determining the chronology of Russia as a multinational state, denotes the main directions of state building and obstacles to creating the prerequisites for federalization on the eve of the rise of Moscow and the unification of Russian principalities, reveals the reasons for the popularization of federalism at the beginning of the 19th century, characterizes the programs of the Decembrists to federalize Russia, based on the draft program document of the Northern Secret Society — the Constitution of N. M. Muravyov, analyzes the consequences of the Decembrist anti-government uprising, reveals the reasons for the delay in decision-making and ignoring problems by the center of the Russian Empire before the February Revolution. To achieve scientificity, the author uses evidence: documents, historical facts and legal norms. In addition, the article uses various positions of researchers of this problem, which makes it possible to achieve an unbiased narrative. The article is aimed at a wide chronological framework analysis of the process of state building of the Russian state, explaining the reasons for certain problems of such state building and identifying deep connections between individual events in Russian history. The set of goals and objectives of the study, as well as the chronological sequence of the narrative, forms a stable ideological framework aimed at the fundamental study of the prerequisites of modern federalism in Russia.
The formation of the judiciary independence in the Russian Empire (18th century — mid-19th century)
Authors: Borodachev P. A.
Published: February 2025

The paper, based on an analysis of the legislative acts of the Russian State, considers the historical and legal problem of the formation of an independent court as a separate branch of government in the system of the state apparatus of the Russian Empire and as the principle of ensuring the rule of law in the administration of justice. The period from the 18th century. until the first half of the 19th century. became key in the development of the judicial system of Russia, covering three significant stages, each of which introduced new procedures and principles that contribute to the improvement of justice. The first stage (the beginning of the 18th century — the third quarter of the 18th century) was characterized by the reforms aimed at separating judicial functions into a separate branch of government, which allowed the judicial system to become more independent from other elements of state power. This separation was an important step towards the formation of the principle of separation of powers that was necessary to ensure justice and legality. The second stage (the end of the 18th century — the first quarter of the 19th century) was marked by the formation of the fundamental principles of the image of an independent judiciary. The judicial system, based on the principles of legality, electability and humanism, has become an integral part of the State. At the third stage (the second quarter — the middle of the 19th century), an important aspect of the transformation was the emergence of specialized tribunals. Those changes also affected broader aspects of the judicial system aimed at strengthening its independence and effectiveness. The historical path traveled by the judicial system of the Russian Empire to independence in the 18th century — the middle of the 19th century laid the foundations for further changes in the country’s legal system, which ultimately contributed to the formation of a more humane and fairer judiciary. Elements of continuity of legislation found their way into the judicial reform of 1864.
Dual-circuit penitentiary model of the PRC
Authors: Timoshchuk A. S.
Published: February 2025

China attracts attention not only because of its production facilities and sociotechnical solutions, but also due to its original goal-setting. In the PRC, the party took responsibility for building a moderately prosperous socialist society, for creating a new world order. Chinese-style modernization is the comprehensive deepening of reforms through the systemic integration of the most multidirectional principles. In the PRC, they like to combine a variety of goal-setting, calling them «five in one,» «four comprehensive measures,» etc. Chinese ideologists proceed from the fact that only the emancipation of the mind and the promotion of new ideas can contribute to better adaptation of industrial relations and labor productivity, development of national management and social development. Progress, constant reforms, openness, the legacy of Mao Zedong and the ideas of Deng Xiaoping — how do these so multidirectional concepts combine in Chinese ideology? The paper examines the implementation of this Taoist-Confucian-Marxist dialectic using the example of the penal system of the PRC. The purpose of the article: to study the features of educational work with convicts in the Chinese penitentiary system. The research methodology relies on international legal analysis of the regulation of the rights and freedoms of persons serving sentences, on media analytics of self-representations of Chinese penitentiary institutions. The study examines the challenges and practices of optimizing the experience of the penitentiary services in organizing educational, social and patriotic work with employees for informational purposes, because it is likely that China will act as a new model of stability in the current geopolitical situation.
Integration and legal model of alternative energy development: the EU experience
Authors: Nechaeva E. K. , Ponomareva D. V.
Published: February 2025

The paper is devoted to a detailed analysis of the most successfully functioning model of legal regulation of relations in the field of alternative energy — a model that has developed within the EU. At the supranational level, integration associations are currently implementing various regulatory requirements to facilitate the transition to low-carbon energy sources, including renewable energy targets and specialized legislation addressing climate change. Companies operating in the renewable energy sector should navigate the relevant regulations to avoid potential legal challenges. At the same time, the European Union has the most successful experience in regulating relations in connection with stimulating the production of energy from renewable sources. The EU is characterized by comprehensive legal regulation combined with a trend towards uniformity, which is manifested due to the growing adoption of regulations as a key source of regulation of relevant legal relations. At the same time, at the EU level, there is a differentiation of legal regulation of the use of alternative energy sources depending on the area where they are used (sea transport, air transport, etc.). In many respects, this differentiation is dictated by the need to ensure compliance with the current environmental and climate legislation of the EU. The authors emphasize that the combination of a unified approach and differentiated regulation in the field of alternative energy can serve as the basis for the development of relevant legislation of the Russian Federation and integration associations with its participation, including the EAEU, as well as the CIS.
Assessment of regional exposure factors associated with soil impact in cities of the Arctic region
Authors: Deryabin Aleksey N. , Unguryanu Tatiana N.
Published: February 2025

Background: Unfavorable climatic conditions determine the interaction between people and soil in northern territories, differing from those in southern regions of Russia. When assessing risks, standard exposure factors (EFs) must be adjusted to reflect regional characteristics.
Aim: TO study regional EFs used to assess health risk from exposure to chemical soil pollutants in urban areas of the Arctic zone.
Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out by questioning 752 children aged 1–6 years, 1027 children aged 7–17 years, and 323 adults aged 18 years and older, all living in the cities of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Physiological and behavioral EFs related to soil exposure were studied. The median (Me), relative frequencies, and 95% confidence intervals were used to describe the data. To test the null hypotheses, the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test, Wilcoxon two-sample test, and χ-square test were used.
Results: Chi ldren aged 1–6 years spent an average of 10 more days in the city compared to children aged 7–17 years and adults ( p 0.001). Children aged 1–6 years also spent 3.2 times more days playing on soil/sand (Me=48 days) and 1.3 times more time playing daily (Me=50 min/day) than children aged 7–17 years ( p 0.001). Adults spent 1.7 times more days on land from May to October (Me=50 days) and worked with soil 2.2 times more time daily (130 min/day) than children aged 7–17 years ( p 0.001). Average daily doses for oral exposure to soil chemicals, calculated using regional EFs, are 2–10 times higher in children from the Arkhangelsk agglomeration and 5 and 1.2 times lower in adults compared to doses calculated using WHO and US EPA recommended EFs values.
Conclusion: Differenc es were revealed in quantitative and categorical values of most regional EFs associated with the soil ingress in the body across different age groups. Using the characteristic regional exposure factors of specific population allows for improving the accuracy and reliability of the assessed risk to public health.
Analysis of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels in Northern men: regional specificities
Authors: Averyanova Inessa V. , Alyoshina Olga O.
Published: February 2025

Background: The effective body adaptation to climate and geographical extreme conditions is determined by the individual adaptive mechanisms based on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Aim: To identify the region-associated characteristics and assess the fluctuations of the mean levels of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate in Northern men.
Material and methods: To achieve this aim, the overall sample enrolled 70 male residents (mean age: 43.2±0.8 years) of the Magadan Region, in which the morning serum concentrations of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and the evening level of salivary cortisol were evaluated. The study was performed using the immunochromatographic assay and the enzyme immunoassay.
Results: For the first time in the Magadan Region, the morning (43.1±2.8 ng/mL) and evening (9.3±0.7 ng/mL) levels of salivary cortisol were studied. The findings evidence that the mean values of the analyzed parameters exceed the established normal limits, while the circadian rhythms remain unchanged. The study has also identified the region-specific functional activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis characterized by high mean concentrations of cortisol (406.7±12.2 nmol/L) that confirm the relative hypercorticism in the Northerners, while dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate concentrations remain optimal (9.96±0.40 µmol/L). In the other regions of the country, the mean values of the latter are substantially lower. Meanwhile, the ratio of the above hormones (2.38±0.10 CU) reflects preserved adaptation capabilities of the Northerners.
Conclusion: The North residents have a region-specific (northern) endocrine profile confirming the generally accepted role of glucocorticoids in the hormonal support of the body adaptation to extreme factors including the climate and geographic conditions.
Impact of сold adaptation on reactivity of muscular arteries to epinephrine in functional sympatholysis
Authors: Ananev Vladimir N. , Ananev Georgy V. , Torshin Vladimir I. , Ananeva Olga V.
Published: February 2025

Background: Functional sympatholysis is determined as a tenfold increase in blood flow in the muscular arteries following the muscle contraction. This is explained by various mechanisms. However, there are no works on quantitative analysis of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the epinephrine effects on the arterial α-adrenergic receptors in sympatholysis before and during the cold adaptation.
Aim: To study the effect of the 30-day cold adaptation on the adrenal reactivity of muscular arterial vessels to epinephrine in the functional sympatholysis.
Material and methods: The experiments used four groups of rabbits. First group: control ( n =20); second group ( n =15): modelling of the muscle contraction by electrical stimulation in the sympatholysis; third group ( n =15): after 30-day cold adaptation; and fourth group ( n =15): modelling of the muscle contraction by electrical stimulation after 30-day cold adaptation. Adaptation to low temperatures was modeled at the daily 6-hour cooling at 10°C. A unique technique was used: blood was perfused into the limb muscles of all the rabbits via the femoral artery, after ligation of all anastomoses, using a constant flow pump. The adrenal reactivity was analyzed using the “dose-effect” response in double-reversed Lineweaver–Burk plot. This approach allowed determining the maximum pressor (Pm) response, which characterizes the number of active adrenergic receptors and the sensitivity (1/K) of the adrenergic receptors to epinephrine.
Results: The sympatholysis was proved to be present in both the cold-adapted and control rabbits, but to a lesser extent. Sympatholysis reduced the contraction of arteries in response to epinephrine solely due to the mechanisms of the 24.49-fold reduced sensitivity of adrenergic receptors from 1/Km=1.2±6.7 1/μg.kg in the control group to 1/Km = 0.049±0.0016 1/μg.kg in the sympatholysis group ( p 0.05). The number of active adrenergic receptors did not significantly change (Pm=222.0 ±6.7 in the control group, Pm=222.0 ±7.5 in the sympatholysis group). As a process of arterial dilatation, sympatholysis reduced in the rabbits after the cold adaptation due to the increased number of the pressor adrenergic receptors in the cold conditions to Рm=312.5 ±11.0 mm Hg from Pm=222.0 ±7.5 mm Hg in the no-cold sympatholysis ( p 0.05). The sensitivity of adrenergic receptors to epinephrine (1/Km) in the no-cold sympatholysis and in the cold conditions did not significantly change ( p 0.05).
Conclusion: Sympatholysis persists in the cold conditions but to a lesser extent than in the control group. As a stress hormone, epinephrine causes a greater contraction of arteries in the cold-adapted rabbits in sympatholysis than in no-cold conditions, which helps conserving heat in the body in such source of stress as the arctic cold, and improves survival.
Moneys Financial Record Application Design for Mobile-Based Students
Authors: Dwiwahyu Anisah Nurdina , Wardani Indri Eka , Wiranatakusuma Dimas Bagus
Published: February 2025

Students who are in the transition period from youth to adulthood still do not have a stable emotional level that can manage and handle money. It takes careful preparation to handle funds so that the money earned can be used according to its purpose. We now live in the mobile era, therefore we need a mobile application. The design of this application begins with the identification of information needs and the presence of attractive and complete features in the application that make students interested in using it. The research findings show that students want a live app with features to track their expenses, income, and budget. Using Android as a foundation, the Moneysv app can be created. The mobile-based Moneysv Financial Management application uses the Java programming language, Notepad++ application software, and Android SDK, which types the program code and application logic. SQLite is used to create the database structure. With the Black Box testing approach, system testing procedures can be performed. "Black Box testing technique is a kind of testing that deals with software whose internal performance is unknown. In this research, an application by the name of Moneysv is a financial record application, among others, a student financial planning tool that can make it easier for students to develop financial plans by allowing them to record budgets, income, expenses, and management in an easy way. This is one of the findings of the research conducted.
Correlation Analysis of Social Status on Conservation Awareness in Sekaran, Semarang City
Authors: Fuedsi Fajar Wahyushi , Humaira Hanina
Published: February 2025

This study, situated within the realm of humanities, education, law, and social sciences (HESS), explores the connection between social status and conservation awareness. It stems from the growing concern over global warming, as evidenced by the Earth's 0.89-degree Celsius temperature increase in 2022 compared to the 1951–1980 period. While global environmental challenges are well-documented, this study narrows its focus to explore the dynamics of conservation awareness within a specific community. The chosen locale for this research is Sekaran, a community within Gunungpati, Semarang City, closely connected with the University of Semarang (UNNES). The research combines qualitative methods with basic statistical analysis, employing questionnaires and interviews to collect data. Preliminary findings reveal that social status influences conservation awareness but in a nuanced manner. Contrary to expectations, high social status individuals don't consistently exhibit high conservation awareness, and conversely, those with lower social status aren't necessarily less conservation-conscious. These distinctions are observable in their daily behaviors. This study's novelty lies in its approach, delving into environmental issues from a social standpoint within a specific community. By concentrating on UNNES and the surrounding Sekaran community, it bridges the gap between global concerns and local perceptions and actions regarding environmental conservation. The results provide valuable insights into the intricate interplay between social status and conservation awareness, offering a deeper understanding of this vital topic.
RKM Monitoring and Evaluation System in the City of Magelang: Proposed Concept
Authors: Nuryani Ira , Primadewi Ardhin
Published: February 2025

Local government such as Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda), holds an important role in budget management. For example  Bappeda of Magelang City in Jawa Tengah. However, there are still several issues related to the distribution of the budget from Bappeda of Magelang City to the community. One of the issues is related to the large number of neighborhood associations (RT) managed by Bappeda, which the total is 1032 RT. The issues create a challenge in managing, distributing, and monitoring the budget effectively and efficiently. The Government of Magelang City created an Advanced, Healthy and Happy Community Empowerment Program or commonly called Rodanya Masbagia. Therefore, a monitoring system for the implementation of Rodanya Masbagia is needed for the community so that the use of funds is in accordance with the needs of the community.  This system focuses on monitoring Community Needs Plan (RKM) managed by Bappeda of Magelang City, especially in managing a budget of 30 million rupiah per year for each RT. This study uses a qualitative method, including data and information collection, analysis, and observation. The sample consists of one neighborhood from each district in Magelang City, focusing on mapping the results of monitoring and evaluating programs and budgets. Therefore, the results of this system will enable Bappeda of Magelang City to monitor and evaluate the distribution of funds for each RT, ensuring compliance with the proposed plan. The business process in the optimize of SIMASBAGIA uses the Ward and Peppard Methods. Analysis is carried out using PIECES, Value Chain Analysis and Fishbone Diagram which provides a big picture of the problem in terms of various aspects. The result of this research is a proposed information system for more optimal monitoring and evaluation.
APPLICATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY: COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASES
Authors: Svetlakova Elena , Legkih Aleksandr , Nersesyan Petros , Brusnitsyna Elena , Zakirov Taras , Ioshenko Evgeniy , Klevakin Andrey , Ivashov Aleksandr , Grigoreva Polina
Published: February 2025

Early diagnosis of periodontal diseases and prediction of their development is an urgent problem of modern dentistry. According to epidemiological studies, the prevalence of periodontal diseases with age approaches 100%, second only to caries. The use of digital technologies in the comprehensive examination of patients with periodontal diseases allows you to monitor, save, compare the results of periodontal treatment, increases the level of motivation of patients and eliminates subjectivity in the diagnosis of pathology.
Subject. The use of digital technologies in the comprehensive examination of patients with periodontal diseases.
Objectives. Substantiation of the use of digital diagnostic methods in periodontology.
Methodology. The study was conducted on the basis of searching and studying original articles on digital technologies in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases in databases: Russian State Library, eLibrary, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar. The main selection of materials was carried out by keywords. The publications published in the period from 2014 to 2024, available in full text, evaluated for suitability, were considered.
Results. The use of tools such as Florida Probe, T-scan, intraoral scanning, endoscopic technologies, laser Doppler flowmetry allows you to eliminate subjectivity in the diagnosis of pathologies.
Conclusion. Digital technologies adapt the work of a dentist, allocate time and efforts of a specialist more rationally, and are an excellent motivation for patients to continue treatment and maintain hygiene, which increases compliance and, therefore, has a positive effect on the dental health of the population.
ROMAN-FLUORESCENCE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SURFACE OF DENTAL HARD TISSUES DEPENDING ON THE DURATION OF ORAL HYGIENE IN PATIENTS RECEIVING RADIATION THERAPY
Authors: Belaykov German , Nurieva Natalya
Published: February 2025

Subject. Changes in mineralization and the presence of microbial plaque on the surface of hard dental tissues depending on the duration of oral hygiene.
Objectives. To study the raman-fluorescent characteristics of the surface of dental hard tissues depending on the duration of oral hygiene in patients undergoing radiation therapy.
Methodology. The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry and Orthodontics at BSMU. In accordance with the purpose of the work, a study was conducted in which 80 people participated. The study included the study of the mineralization of the surface of the hard tissues of the teeth, the level of microbial plaque on the surface of the teeth. The data were recorded on the 1st day after the start of radiation therapy. During the study, the agroindustrial complex “Inspector M” was used.
Results. Mineralization of hard tissues and fluorescence significantly decreases over time during dental hygiene. There were no significant differences between the main group and the comparison group.
Conclusion
1. During the hygienic treatment of the oral cavity, according to Raman-fluorescence spectroscopy, the mineralization of the surface of the hard tissues of the teeth decreases (in the area of the tooth neck from 270.8 ± 6.7 to 173.6 ± 7.2; equator from 411.9 ± 9.1 to 350.2 ± 6.4; cutting edge from 411.9 ± 9.1 to 311.7 ± 4.6).
2. During the hygienic treatment of the oral cavity, according to Raman fluorescence spectroscopy, the fluorescence of the surface of the hard tissues of the teeth decreases (in the area of the tooth neck from 5361.6 ± 12.2 to 4613.1 ± 16.1; equator from 4873.6 ± 14.8 to 4123.0 ± 12.1; cutting edge from 4672.3 ± 14.7 to 3925.4 ± 12.5)
3. The lowest degree of mineralization of the hard tissues of the teeth is in the area of the tooth gang (270.8 ± 6.7), the largest in the area of the equator of the tooth.
4. According to the fluorescence data, the largest amount of plaque is present in the area of the tooth gang (5361.9 ± 14.6), the smallest in the area of the cutting edge (4672.4 ± 13.1).
APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF DENTAL HYPERESTHESIA CAUSED BY THE USE OF ABRASIVE TOOTHPASTES
Authors: Myasoedova Ksenia , Krajnov Sergej , Popova Alexandra , Firsova Irina , Kornilov German , Korobejnikova Lyubov , Vasenev Evgenij
Published: February 2025

Subject of study. One of the causes of dental hyperesthesia is uncontrolled use of whitening toothpastes. The issues of diagnostics (especially in terms of interpretation of the obtained results) and treatment of hypersensitivity of hard tissues of teeth, for which various methods and preparations based on remineralization and sealing are used, do not lose their relevance.
Objectives. The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of the whitening toothpastes usage on the occurrence and nature of the course of hyperesthesia of hard tissues of teeth, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of its treatment.
Materials and methods. A questionnaire survey of 162 respondents aged from 19 to 29 years was conducted, as well as further clinical examination and treatment of 72 patients suffering from hyperesthesia of hard tissues of teeth, which occurred against the background of using whitening toothpastes. To assess the intensity of hyperesthesia we used: the index of dental hyperesthesia intensity (IHI) and the NRS scale. These patients were divided into 2 clinical groups depending on the method of hyperesthesia treatment (group 1 – Gluftored; group 2 – Admira Protect). The results of the performed hyperesthesia treatment were evaluated on the 3rd, 10th days, as well as 3 months after its implementation.
Results. By the 3rd day of hyperesthesia treatment, Admira Protect demonstrated greater efficacy compared to Gluftorod according to the dynamics of IHI and NRS (p < 0.05). By the end of the following week, stabilization of the above-mentioned indices and their comparable values in the groups were observed (p > 0.05). However, by the 3rd month of observation in the 1st group there was a statistically significant increase in IHI and NRS (p < 0.05).
Conclusions. The use of whitening toothpastes without a dentist's prescription has a high prevalence among young adults (77.7%), which may lead to hyperesthesia of hard dental tissues. Most of the examined individuals using abrasive toothpastes had symptoms of hyperesthesia (57.1%). The study revealed high efficacy of Gluftored and Admira Protect, however, the time of desensitizing effect and stability of clinical result in the 2nd group was higher than in the 1st group (p < 0.05).
Therapeutic Potential of Sky Fruit Seeds and its Utilization in Functional Foods and Nutraceutical: A Review
Authors: Bajaj Priya , Sharma Mahak
Published: February 2025

The prevalence of NCDs (non-communicable diseases), which include diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions has been rising globally, posing significant challenges to public health systems. Remedies from natural ingredients and functional foods have gained attention these days for their potential to prevent and manage these conditions. Local communities in Southeast Asian countries have been using sky fruit seeds for centuries as a traditional medicine because of their unique characteristics and therapeutic potential. Sky fruit seeds rich in phytochemical compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, limonoids, saponins, tannins, etc., which show antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. These phytochemicals also play a crucial role in inhibiting the production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) through the activation of antioxidant enzymes. A literature review of 25 relevant scientific articles that were published in the last 10 years from PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted, using the search terms “Swietenia macrophylla and Swietenia mohogany” to identify articles related to the botanical species. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of current knowledge on the phytochemical composition, biological activities and health benefits of sky fruit seeds, as well as their potential applications in the development of nutraceuticals and functional food products.
Serum Amino Acids are Differentially Present in the Buffalo Estrous Cycle
Authors: Murikipudi Naveen Swaroop , Singh Pushpanjali , Kumar Prashant , Singh Chamma , Bhardwaj Anuradha , Saxena Navneet , Nayan Varij
Published: February 2025

Background: Amino acids are essential for various physiological processes, including animal reproductive functions. However, amino acids function in estrus cycle has yet to be investigated. This study seeks to address this knowledge gap by exploring the role and importance of various amino acids during estrus and diestrus stages. Methods: Blood samples were collected after confirming estrus in the animals through ultrasonography and analyzing the characteristic salivary fern patterns observed on the day of estrus. Serum then separated by centrifugation at 2000×g for 10min. Subsequently, the serum samples were processed and analyzed using LC/MS/MS with an API 3000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometry system. Result: Alanine, Arginine, Cystine, Glutamine, Histidine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Serine, Tryptophan, Phenylalanine and Valine levels showed significant differences (p less than 0.001) compared to other amino acids. Previous studies suggested L-alanine and Arginine significance in theca and granulosa cells development.
Absorption improvement of an ultra-thin silicon solar cell using cubic and disk-shape nanoclusters
Authors: Pilehroudi Alireza , Javidan Javad , Heidarzadeh Hamid
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand for highly efficient and cost-effective solar cells has driven advancements in ultra-thin solar technologies, addressing critical challenges in renewable energy. This study focuses on harnessing surface plasmon-induced electric fields to design an ultra-thin silicon-based solar cell with enhanced performance. A key innovation lies in integrating clustered nanoparticles with cubic and disk geometries across a range of sizes to improve light absorption and photocurrent generation. Initially, a baseline solar cell without nanoparticles was modeled, achieving a photocurrent of 4.779 mA/cm². By systematically optimizing nanoparticle size and cell thickness, the photocurrent significantly increased to 21.885 mA/cm² with cubic nanoparticles and 20.777 mA/cm² with disk-shaped clusters. These results highlight the transformative potential of nanoparticle incorporation in boosting photocurrent in ultra-thin silicon solar cells. The methodology and findings offer a scalable framework for enhancing various solar cell designs and geometries, paving the way for more efficient and adaptable photovoltaic technologies in sustainable energy applications.
Keywords: Nanoclusters; plasmonic solar cells; silicon solar cell; Surface plasmon resonances; ultra-thin
Comparison of total phenolic content and antioxidative activities of EU PDO Malatya apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernels
Authors: Aydin Caglar Mert , Hayaloglu Ali Adnan
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the bioactive content of kernels from four apricot varieties: Hacihaliloglu, Hasanbey, Kabaasi, and Zerdali, grown in Malatya over two consecutive years, 2018 and 2019. The research addresses the need to understand how harvest timing and varietal differences influence total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, which are critical for health-related applications. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The findings revealed that sweet apricot varieties Hasanbey, Hacihaliloglu, and Kabaasi exhibited higher total phenolic and antioxidant content than the bitter Zerdali variety. Among these, Hasanbey kernels had the most favorable bioactive profile, while Hacihaliloglu and Zerdali generally exhibited the lowest levels. Harvest timing significantly impacted the bioactive content, except for the FRAP assay results, underscoring the role of developmental stages in kernel quality. Furthermore, year-to-year variations in bioactive content suggest that external factors such as soil composition, climate, and growing conditions also play a critical role. A strong positive correlation was observed between FRAP and both total phenolic and DPPH antioxidant activity, indicating shared reactive compounds. These results highlight the potential of sweet apricot kernels as a bioactive rich resource and underscore the influence of genetic, environmental, and temporal factors on their nutritional value.
Keywords: Antioxidant activity; apricot; Prunus aremeniaca L.; total phenolic content
Inheritance Distribution and Conflict Resolution in Bone Regency: Upholding Women's Rights and Islamic Law Objectives
Authors: Tarmizi Tarmizi , Amir Rahma , Syamsuddin Darussalam , Hasan Hamzah , Ridwan Muh. Saleh
Published: February 2025

The implementation of the inheritance distribution system within the community remains partially ineffective, as conflicts among heirs frequently arise. These disputes hinder the objectives of Islamic law as outlined in maqāṣid al-syarīʿah, emphasizing the need for preventive efforts. This study aims to analyze inheritance conflict prevention in Bone Regency through gender-equitable deliberation by examining conflict resolution methods, causes of disputes, women’s inheritance rights, and conflict prevention strategies from the perspective of maqāṣid al-syarīʿah. This empirical research was conducted in Bone Regency using a theological-normative approach based on maqāṣid al-syarīʿah. Primary data were collected through interviews with academics, judges, and government officials, while secondary data were obtained from relevant literature and analyzed qualitatively. The findings reveal that inheritance disputes can be resolved through court litigation or non-litigation pathways involving local authorities. Key causes of conflicts include heirs’ greed, limited understanding of inheritance laws, lack of property transfer documentation, unfair distribution, and delays in inheritance division. Women's inheritance rights in Bone's customary law are preserved through deliberation during the distribution process. To prevent inheritance disputes, measures such as public education on inheritance law, facilitated consultations involving local authorities, and proper documentation of property transfers are recommended. These initiatives align with the values of maqāṣid al-syarīʿah, which prioritize the preservation of religion, life, intellect, property, and lineage. The government and relevant stakeholders are expected to play an active role in guiding and educating communities to ensure effective inheritance distribution and prevent conflicts.
Unraveling Legal Complexities: Muslim and non-Muslim Estate Administration Process in Malaysia and Brunei
Authors: Drs Nasrul Muhammad Amrullah , A Alihan Siti Azizah , Hamid Aimi Atiqah Abdul , Sultan Benny
Published: February 2025

Estate administration involves managing and distributing a deceased individual’s assets to beneficiaries, as well as managing the liabilities. This process comprises legal, financial, and administrative tasks that ensure assets are transferred based on the deceased's wishes and in accordance with the law. In Southeast Asia countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei where Muslims represents the majority of population, the Islamic law plays an integral part in the inheritance management as the process to be in line with the Islamic teachings and principle. The role of the syariah authority namely the syariah courts is prevalent and therefore, abidance to the rule under the syariah legal system in these countries is a must to ensure smoothness and legal compliance. In this with statement, the paper explores inheritance management in Malaysia and Brunei through a comparative legal study, highlighting the distinct frameworks under the common law, Islamic law and customary practices. The study employs a comparative legal research methodology, utilising library-based research by drawing the primary and secondary sources, including statutory provisions, case law, academic literature, and official reports, to examine the legal frameworks, key issues, and recent developments in both jurisdictions. Findings reveal that the highlighted occurring issues require a careful and systematic approach to resolving them to avoid unwanted delay, which prevents the completion of the inheritance management and denies the entitlement of the beneficiaries.
Determinants Affecting Family Commitment and Capability in Preventing Stunting in Children Under Two Years
Authors: Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman , Hatijah Nur , Intiyati Ani
Published: February 2025

Background: Stunting remains a public health issue in Indonesia. Despite a decline in national prevalence, East Java recorded a stunting prevalence of 32.7%, exceeding national standards and those set by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Objectives: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing family commitment and capability in preventing stunting in children under two years old.
Methods: The study employed an observational survey design involving 150 mothers of children aged 0–2 years in the Puskesmas (Community Health Center) areas of Surabaya. Data were collected using questionnaires to assess personal, interpersonal, cognitive-behavioral, resource, and fundamental family value variables. Analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS) methodology.
Results: Personal, interpersonal, and cognitive-behavioral factors significantly influenced family commitment to stunting prevention. Approximately 89.89% of a family’s ability to monitor child growth and development could be predicted by the study model. However, resource factors and fundamental family values were not significant.
Conclusions: Interpersonal, cognitive-behavioral factors, and family assessment can increase family commitment in preventing stunting in children under two years. Assistance from health workers is essential to further strengthen family commitment to stunting prevention.
Hubungan Kebugaran Jasmani dengan Prestasi Belajar pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas di Semarang
Authors: Nidya Indriana Rahma , Kartini Apoina , Suyatno Suyatno
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar, banyak orang tua sering mendorong anak-anak untuk mengikuti les tambahan, sedangkan lain seperti kebugaran fisik siswa seringkali diabaikan.
Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan kebugaran jasmani dengan prestasi belajar di kalangan siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) di Semarang.
Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional, melibatkan 396 siswa SMA di Semarang, dengan 86 subjek dipilih secara acak. Variabel terikat adalah prestasi belajar, yang diukur berdasarkan nilai murni ujian akhir semester. Variabel bebas adalah kebugaran jasmani, sedangkan variabel perancu lainnya adalah status gizi, konsumsi makanan, kondisi sosial ekonomi, status kesehatan, dan keikutsertaan dalam bimbingan belajar. Data asupan gizi dikumpulkan menggunakan metode food recall 24 jam. Indeks massa tubuh menurut usia (IMT/U) diperoleh melalui pengukuran berat dan tinggi badan, untuk menentukan status gizi siswa. Metode Multistage Fitness Test untuk menentukan kebugaran jasmani. Data lainnya dikumpulkan melalui wawancara. Data dianalisis dengan Chi Square dan Uji Regresi Logistik Ganda.
Hasil: Sebagian besar siswa memiliki asupan gizi yang tergolong rendah, meliputi konsumsi energi (55,8%), karbohidrat (76,7%), protein (45,3%), dan zat besi (64%). Sementara itu, untuk asupan lemak, mayoritas siswa berada dalam kategori berlebih (39,5%). Sebagian besar siswa mempunyai status gizi baik (79,1%), namun tingkat kebugaran jasmani mereka kurang baik (58,1%). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa kebugaran jasmani yang baik dan keikutsertaan dalam les tambahan berhubungan positif dengan prestasi belajar (p-value=0,025 dan p-value=0,017).
Kesimpulan: Untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa, selain mengikuti les tambahan pelajaran, peningkatan kebugaran jasmani juga diperlukan.
Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Posyandu sebagai Faktor Risiko Dominan Kejadian Gagal Tumbuh pada Balita di Wilayah Puskesmas Pringsurat
Authors: Putri Diah Aprilia , Suyatno Suyatno , Fatimah Siti
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Gagal tumbuh menjadi pintu masuk masalah gizi, namun upaya pemerintah seringkali tidak memperhatikan perbedaan penyebab antarwilayah. Wilayah Puskesmas Pringsurat, yang merupakan sentra pertanian, memiliki kasus gagal tumbuh tertinggi di Kabupaten Temanggung.
Tujuan: Menganalisis  faktor risiko gagal tumbuh pada anak di bawah lima tahun (balita) di wilayah Puskesmas Pringsurat.
Metode:  Desain penelitian case control melibatkan 104 balita (52 gagal tumbuh, 52 tidak gagal tumbuh). Subjek dipilih secara random sampling dari posyandu dengan kasus terbanyak di setiap desa di wilayah Puskesmas Pringsurat. Status gagal tumbuh ditentukan berdasarkan z-score berat badan menurut umur (BB/U) yang tidak mengalami kenaikan atau stagnan selama tiga kali penimbangan berturut-turut. Data gagal tumbuh dikumpulkan melalui penimbangan berat badan, sedang data terkait faktor-faktor gagal tumbuh diperoleh dari wawancara dan pencatatan di buku Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA), kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik.
Hasil: Subjek lebih banyak berjenis kelamin perempuan, berusia 24-59 bulan, dengan berat lahir normal, pernah mengalami infeksi, memanfaatkan pelayanan posyandu dengan baik, memiliki pola asuh yang baik, dengan konsumsi energi yang kurang dan konsumsi protein yang cukup. Faktor risiko utama gagal tumbuh yang ditemukan adalah kurangnya pemanfaatan posyandu (OR=2,564; 95% CI [1,163-5,654]; p-value=0,019). Faktor lainnya, seperti pola asuh, infeksi, berat lahir, jenis kelamin, dan konsumsi protein, tidak menunjukkan signifikansi.
Kesimpulan: Kurangnya pemanfaatan posyandu merupakan faktor dominan penyebab gagal tumbuh pada balita di wilayah Puskesmas Pringsurat.
THE EFFECT OF EYE GYMNASTICS ON COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME IN EMMAUS SURABAYA FEMALE DORMITORY STUDENTS
Authors: Woge Kanisia Vermina , Cicilia Wahju Djajanti  , Ni Luh Agustini Purnama
Published: February 2025

The used of gadgets was increased greatly, gadgets have many benefits in the world of education, especially for students in the learned process. Excessive used of gadgets can cause complained of eye disorders called computer vision syndrome. The phenomenon found in female students at the Emaus Putri Dormitory in Surabaya, was that most of them experienced computer vision syndrome. One of the efforted to prevented and overcome computer vision syndrome was to did eye exercised. This studied aimed to determined the effected of eye exercised on computer vision syndrome. The method used was pre-experimental with a one-group-pre-post-test design researched design. The independent variable was eye exercised and the dependent variable was computer vision syndrome. The sample size was took used a total sampling technique with a sample of 44 female students at the Emaus Girls' Dormitory Surabaya. The instrument used was the CVS-Q questionnaire and used the Wilcoxon statistical test. Based on the results of the study before eye exercised, 38 (82%) respondents experienced computer vision syndrome, and after eye exercised, the number of respondents who experienced computer vision syndrome decreased to 17 (39%). The results of the Wilcoxon test showed a p value of (0.000) < α (0.05) which means that eye exercised have an effected in reduced the score of computer vision syndrome. By  to eye exercised regularly can reduced the symptoms of computer vision syndrome.
 
Keywords: Computer Vision Syndrome, Eye Exercises
Business Students’ Quantitative Versus Qualitative Major Satisfaction – Testing Their Relationships to Perceived Curriculum-improved Abilities and Employment Applicable Skills Scales
Authors: Blau Gary , Schirmer Michael
Published: February 2025

Using two independent academic cohorts, i.e., Fall 2021-Spring 2022 (n = 356) and Fall 2022-Spring 2023 (n = 180), of graduating business students, the relationships of three perceived curriculum-improved abilities (CA) scales and an employment applicable skills (EAS) scale to type of business major satisfaction were tested. Quantitative versus qualitative majors were separated. Confirmatory factor analyses verified the three-scale structure of the 12-item CA measure as: Business Problem Solving (6 items); Presentation Skills (3 items) and Team-related Skills (3 items). Regression results indicated that Business Problem Solving had a positive relationship to quantitative major satisfaction, while EAS was related to qualitative major satisfaction. Open item analyses converged with these results.