bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimizing the total waste in the one-dimensional cutting stock problem with the African buffalo optimization algorithm
Authors: Montiel-Arrieta Leonardo Javier , Barragan-Vite Irving , Seck-Tuoh-Mora Juan Carlos , Hernandez-Romero Norberto , González-Hernández Manuel , Medina-Marin Joselito
Published: December 2023

The one-dimensional cutting-stock problem (1D-CSP) consists of obtaining a set of items of different lengths from stocks of one or different lengths, where the minimization of waste is one of the main objectives to be achieved. This problem arises in several industries like wood, glass, and paper, among others similar. Different approaches have been designed to deal with this problem ranging from exact algorithms to hybrid methods of heuristics or metaheuristics. The African Buffalo Optimization (ABO) algorithm is used in this work to address the 1D-CSP. This algorithm has been recently introduced to solve combinatorial problems such as travel salesman and bin packing problems. A procedure was designed to improve the search by taking advantage of the location of the buffaloes just before it is needed to restart the herd, with the aim of not to losing the advance reached in the search. Different instances from the literature were used to test the algorithm. The results show that the developed method is competitive in waste minimization against other heuristics, metaheuristics, and hybrid approaches.
Association between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in elderly people: evidence from a retrospective study
Authors: Hu Xiaoying , Ma Shucan , Chen Liman , Tian Chunhui , Wang Weiwei
Published: December 2023

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the associations between osteoporosis, biochemical indexes, bone mineral density (BMD), and cardiovascular disease.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was used to examine the relationships between these parameters. Logistic regression and correlation analyses were conducted to assess the associations between elevated levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), homocysteine, and the presence of osteoporosis. Additionally, correlations between BMD and biochemical indexes were analyzed. The incidence of cardiovascular disease and its correlation with BMD were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the utility of BMD in identifying cardiovascular disease.

Results

The results revealed that elevated triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL levels were positively associated with osteoporosis, while higher HDL levels and homocysteine were negatively associated. Correlation analysis demonstrated negative correlations between triglyceride levels and BMD, and positive correlations between total cholesterol and HDL levels with BMD. LDL levels showed a weak negative correlation, and homocysteine levels exhibited a strong negative correlation with BMD. The osteoporosis group had lower BMD and a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease compared to the non-osteoporosis group. Logistic regression analysis confirmed the correlation between lower BMD and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence supporting the associations between osteoporosis, biochemical indexes, BMD, and cardiovascular disease. Aberrations in lipid profiles and homocysteine levels may contribute to osteoporosis development. Lower BMD, particularly in individuals with osteoporosis, appears to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. BMD shows promise as a diagnostic tool for identifying individuals at risk of cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and establish the clinical implications of these relationships. Future longitudinal studies are necessary to determine causality and long-term prognostic implications.
The effect of icotinib or apatinib on the pharmacokinetic profile of oxycodone in rats and the underlying mechanism
Authors: Zhou Qi , Ye Feng , Ye Zhize , Gao Nanyong , Kong Qihui , Hu Xiaoqin , Qian Jianchang , Wu Bin
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to investigate the interactions between icotinib/apatinib and oxycodone in rats and to unveil the underlying mechanism. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to determine oxycodone and its demethylated metabolite simultaneously. In vivo, Sprague–Dawley (SD) male rats were administered oxycodone with or without icotinib or apatinib. Blood samples were collected and subjected to UPLC-MS/MS analysis. An enzyme incubation assay was performed to investigate the mechanism of drug–drug interaction using both rat and human liver microsomes (RLM and HLM). The results showed that icotinib markedly increased the AUC(0–t) and AUC(0–∞) of oxycodone but decreased the CLz/F. The Cmax of oxycodone increased significantly upon co-administration of apatinib. In vitro, the Km value of oxycodone metabolism was 101.7 ± 5.40 μM and 529.6 ± 19.60 μM in RLMs and HLMs, respectively. Icotinib and apatinib inhibited the disposition of oxycodone, with a mixed mechanism in RLM (IC50 = 3.29 ± 0.090 μM and 0.95 ± 0.88 μM, respectively) and a competitive and mixed mechanism in HLM (IC50 = 22.34 ± 0.81 μM and 0.48 ± 0.05 μM, respectively). In conclusion, both icotinib and apatinib inhibit the metabolism of oxycodone in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the dose of oxycodone should be reconsidered when co-administered with icotinib or apatinib.
Factors associated with the dietary patterns of children with precocious puberty
Authors: Portela Joana Dayse da Rocha , De Olveira Daysemara Viana , Arruda Soraia Pinheiro Machado , Pinheiro Alexandre Danton Viana , Maia Carla Soraya Costa , Montenegro Ana Paula Dias Rangel , De Melo Maria Luisa Pereira
Published: December 2023

Objectives To investigate the nutritional status and factors associated with dietary patterns, sociodemographic variables and physical activity practice in children diagnosed with central precocious puberty (CPP). Methods Cross-sectional study with 85 female children aged 10 years with a diagnosis of CPP. Nutritional assessment was performed through body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body composition by measurements of skinfolds (SF) and bioelectrical impedance (BIA). The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used, followed by varimax orthogonal rotation to identify dietary patterns, and Poisson regression to verify associations between variables, using a significance level of 5%. Results The group had a mean age of 8.4 years (1.30) and lived mostly in urban areas (52 – 61.2%). Excess weight was observed in 64.7% according to the BMI, 32.9% according to the WC and 63.5% according to body fat%. Two main dietary patterns were identified: the “western” and the “healthy” patterns. The identified dietary patterns were not associated with nutritional status, assessed according to all considered indicators. WC and body fat% were inversely associated with physical activity practice (PR=1.96, CI=1.12-3.43) and directly associated with the individuals’ urban area of residence (PR=0.63, CI= 0. 42-0.94), respectively. Conclusion: The results showed a high prevalence of excess weight, which was inversely associated with physical activity practice and directly with urban area of residence, although nutritional status is not associated with the identified dietary patterns. These results highlight the need for educational and informative measures to fight obesity.
Collagenous Enterocolitis: A Rare Condition with Simultaneous Involvement of the Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Asthana Ankita , Ingavale Vinaya , Ratnaparkhi Suyog , Baghla Komal , Chaturvedi Rachana
Published: December 2023

Collagenous colitis is a form of microscopic colitis, while Collagenous Sprue (CS) is a malabsorptive disorder that mimics celiac disease. Both conditions show increased Intraepithelial Lymphocytes (IELs) and basement membrane thickening due to collagen deposition. The simultaneous occurrence of both disorders is rare, and only a few such cases have been reported in the literature. A 60-year-old female presented with chronic, non bloody diarrhoea persisting for two years. Investigations revealed megaloblastic anaemia and hypoalbuminaemia. Gastroenteroscopy showed flattening and atrophy of the small intestinal mucosa. Biopsy results showed increased IELs, normal crypt architecture, and stripping of the epithelium. There was also patchy deposition of hyalinised band subepithelially, confirmed to be collagen through Masson’s stain. As both the upper and lower Gastrointestinal (GI) tracts were involved, a diagnosis of collagenous enterocolitis was made. A 70-year-old female presented with intermittent watery diarrhoea for the past 10 days, accompanied by urgency and tenesmus. She had a history of colicky abdominal pain four years ago, which improved with steroids, but the symptoms recurred. Clinically, she was considered to have inflammatory bowel disease, with recurrent anaemia. Both gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy were normal. Mapping biopsy showed increased IELs and focal atrophy in the duodenum, while the colon exhibited mild mononuclear inflammation with occasional minimal activity. Focal, irregular deposition of subepithelial collagen was also observed and confirmed through Masson’s stain. A diagnosis of collagenous enterocolitis was made. She is currently being monitored for any recurrence of symptoms, after which steroid treatment will be initiated. Collagenous colitis, CS, and collagenous duodenitis share similar histological features and can rarely co-exist. Further studies are needed to better understand their aetiology and association.
Correlation Between Axial Length and Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Determined by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Parashar Nikhil , Khandgave Tejaswini Prashant , Agrawal Sanjiv , Vimawala Murti
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness is an important indicator for the diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) allows for accurate assessment of pRNFL thickness, but previous studies have shown that axial length can affect pRNFL thickness. Hence, this study aimed to confirm this hypothesis. Aim: To determine the correlation between axial length and pRNFL thickness in healthy adults. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 200 eyes of healthy adults aged 18-30 years. All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmic evaluation. Average pRNFL thickness and quadrant pRNFL thickness were recorded using Topcon Spectral Domain OCT (SD-OCT) in all subjects. Axial length measurements were performed using optical biometry with the Topcon IOL Master, and subjects were divided into three groups according to axial length: Group 1 (<23.5 mm), Group 2 (23.5-25.5 mm), and Group 3 (>25.5 mm). pRNFL thickness values were subjected to Littmann’s correction for ocular magnification. Data was analysed using a one-way ANOVA test, and the correlation between pRNFL thickness and axial length, before and after correction for ocular magnification, was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between uncorrected pRNFL thickness and axial length in the average pRNFL (r=-0.05, p<0.001), superior quadrant (r=-0.26, p<0.001), nasal quadrant (r=-0.44, p<0.001), and inferior quadrant (r=-0.48, p<0.001). Uncorrected temporal quadrant pRNFL thickness showed a positive correlation with axial length (r=0.17, p=0.015). After applying Littmann’s formula, the negative correlation between uncorrected pRNFL thickness and axial length disappeared in the average, superior quadrant, and inferior quadrant. Conclusion: A negative correlation was established between pRNFL thickness and axial length, but this correlation disappeared after applying correction for ocular magnification. Thus, to avoid misdiagnosis of glaucoma in individuals with varying axial lengths, the authors recommend using correction methods for the effects of ocular magnification induced by axial length when considering pRNFL thickness values obtained from OCT.
Acute Fatty Liver of PregnancyA Case Series from a Tertiary Hospital of Kolkata, India: A Case Series
Authors: Saha Madhulima , Agarwal Raju , Srivastava Sharad , Joshi Aditya
Published: December 2023

Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP) is a rare, life-threatening complication of pregnancy that affects women in the third trimester or immediate postpartum period. Although the exact pathogenesis is poorly understood, it has been linked to a deficiency in Long Chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (LCHAD) in foetal fatty acid metabolism. The early diagnosis of AFLP can sometimes be challenging due to overlapping features with severe preeclampsia, Haemolysis Elevated Liver Enzymes, Low Platelet (HELLP) syndrome, viral hepatitis, and cholestasis of pregnancy. It is a diagnosis of exclusion when no other known liver diseases are present in the mother. Herein, the authors presented a case series of four cases of AFLP, including their chief complaints, clinicopathological findings, management, and outcomes. Early diagnosis, termination of pregnancy, and multidisciplinary management in the postdelivery period are crucial for improving foetomaternal prognosis.
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Apo A-1 Gene and Lipid Variables in Patients with Myocardial Infarction: A Case-control Study
Authors: Kumari G Udaya , Preethi A , Talikoti Prashanth , Balasubramanian Arumugam , Devi C Archana , Vinodha J , Rekha K , Vijayalakshmi Masilamani
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Genetic and environmental factors play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). With advancements in molecular techniques, it is now possible to study genes that may provide evidence of the role of genetic factors in coronary artery disease (CAD). Genetic variants of the Apo A-1 gene might play an important role in regulating lipid profiles and their alteration, leading to the subsequent development of myocardial infarction (MI). Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between C+83T sequence variations in the first intron of the Apo A-1 gene and lipid variables in patients with MI. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry in association with the Department of Cardiology, Kilpauk Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from October 2013 to March 2014. The study included 52 MI cases and 52 age-, gender-, and risk factor-matched controls. Fasting venous blood samples were collected from each patient, and routine investigations, lipid profile assessments, and polymorphic studies were carried out. Allele frequencies between cases and controls were compared using the Chi-square test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the association between fasting serum lipid variables and allele distribution. Results: Both study groups were matched for age, gender, and risk factors such as alcohol consumption, smoking, hypertension (HT), and diabetes mellitus (DM). The results were compared and found to be statistically insignificant. Genotype analysis between the groups disclosed that the TT homozygous genotype was more prevalent in cases, while the 'CC' genotype was more prevalent in controls, and the CT genotype was approximately equal in both cases and controls. The genotype difference between cases and controls was statistically significant (p-value=0.006). The 'T' allele frequency was higher among cases (0.36) compared to controls (0.13), while the frequency of the 'C' allele was higher among controls (0.86) compared to cases (0.63). In the CC genotype, there was a higher mean value of Apo A-1 and a lower ApoB/ Apo A-1 ratio compared to the TT genotype. It was observed that carriers of the C allele and T allele showed no statistical difference in lipid variables except for high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Conclusion: This study found a significantly increased T allele frequency in cases compared to controls, suggesting that the presence of the T allele in the C+83T (first intron) of the Apo A-1 gene may increase the risk of developing MI.
A Study of the Relationship between Service Quality, Brand Image, and Customer Satisfaction and its Influence on Customer Loyalty of Iphone Users in Yogyakarta
Authors: Razzan Ahmad Khanza Izza , Sigit Murwanto
Published: December 2023

Every company in the modern era must be able to determine and define its own set of demands. In the highly competitive market recently, competing companies continue to offer better quality service and a better brand image to satisfy customers and win their loyalty. Those factors triggering customer loyalty have been widely researched, but there are still inconsistencies in the results of previous research. This paper aims to examine factors that drive customer loyalty of iPhone users in Yogyakarta, such as service quality, brand image, and customer satisfaction. This study exerts a quantitative approach using a five-point Likert of online questionnaires. This survey was conducted in Yogyakarta in October 2023. Respondents are iPhone users in Yogyakarta, with a total of 100 respondents. The SmartPLS version 3.2.9 analysis tool was used to process the data of this study using PLS-SEM, including hypothesis testing. All hypotheses regarding this study’s variable relationship that leads to customer loyalty are supported. Hence, customer loyalty of iPhone users has three main triggering factors: service quality, brand image, and customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the results show that customer satisfaction has the biggest impact in forming customer loyalty. The results of this study provide a practical implication for Apple to focus on developing strategies that can increase customer perceptions of service quality, brand image, and customer satisfaction to increase customer loyalty among iPhone users.
Study on the Stability of Probiotic (Spirulina fusiformis) Incorporated Fish Diets
Authors: Saravanan N.  , Venkatramalingam K.  , Anbalagan M.
Published: December 2023

Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food production sectors in the world. The use of probiotics might be a good option to reduce the risk of disease and enhance fish productivity. Probiotics thus are opening a new era in the health management strategy for aquatic species including finfish and shellfish. Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that help in maintaining the well-being of the host animal. The development of non-antibiotic and environment-friendly probiotic  feeds is one of the key factors for health management in aquaculture. The benefits of probiotic supplements include improved feed value, enzymatic contribution to digestion, and inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms. Feed stability is of paramount importance in the manufacture of aquaculture diets. The water stability of the feed pellet depends on the individual ingredients that bind together. Hence the study was designed to investigate the stability of probiotic feeds in water. Probiotic Spirulina added feed samples were soaked in a glass beaker containing water and allowed to remain for time intervals ranging from 10 to 60 minutes to study the stability of feed. The results showed that the control feed pellet (40.00 + 1.00) was the least stable among the types of experimental feed (SF2 and SF3) in 60 minutes of immersion. The increased level of stability (71.66 %) was recorded in (2 & 3% inclusion) feed type.
Visible Congenital Malformations in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)
Authors: Nagalo Kisito , Konaté Balkissa , Douamba Sonia , Idogo Ralph Eden , Bélemviré Aïssatou , Sanwidi Myriam , Kyélem Carine , Yé Diarra
Published: December 2023

Objective: To gain a better understanding of congenital malformations and to help reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in a context of resource-limited countries.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective and prospective data collection over the period from November 2019 to January 2022 was conducted in the Neonatology Unit of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (West Africa). Records of neonates with a visible malformation, neonates whose parents were accessible by telephone were included.

Results: The frequency of congenital malformations was 8.4%. They affected females (51.1%), first-born siblings (25%) and full-term babies (69.6%). Osteoarticular malformations (38%), those of the eye, ear, face and neck (22.81%), followed by those of the digestive system (21.64%) were the most frequent. The case-fatality rate was 51.5%.

Conclusion: Visible congenital malformations are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates in our unit. To help reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with malformations, awareness-raising, early detection, prevention and improved medical care for affected neonates are needed. This is all the more true in countries where medical resources may be limited and surveillance systems need to be put in place.
Demographic Charecterstics of Children with First Attack Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome with Relapse- A Hospital-Based Observational Study
Authors: Shanta Shamsun Nahar , Begum Afroza , Haque Syed S. , Jesmin Tahmina , Mamun Abdullah-Al , Sharmim Shanjida , Khan Ashiqur Rahman , Islam Ashraful
Published: December 2023

Background: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is a common childhood illness with or without relapses. So, the objectives of this study is to find out such children who are prone to develop frequent relapse and the demographic characteristics responsible for relapse. This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, from September 2016 to August 2017.

Methods: A total of 75 patients of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) with the initial attack, aged 1–18 years, were enrolled in this study. All patients were treated with prednisolone 60 mg/m2/day, single morning dose for 6 weeks, followed by 40 mg/m2 every alternate day for another 6 weeks and were analyzed and followed up for a minimum period of six months to identify the risk factors related to relapses.

Results: Among them, 50 (66.7%) were males, 25 (33.3%) were females, with a male: female ratio of 2:1. 10 (13.3%) children had no relapse, 18 (24.0%) had infrequent relapse, and 40 (53.3%) had frequent relapse. Children responding between 2 and 4 weeks after the start of treatment had a higher chance of relapse (P = 0.002) than those who responded less than 1 week. Early age at onset, male gender, rural inhabitants, low socioeconomic status and atopy, though statistically not significant, are strongly associated with frequent relapses.

Conclusion: Young age at diagnosis of INS, male gender, low serum albumin, and infections were predictive risk factors of multiple relapses. So, physicians should be vigilant to monitor these patients closely and counsel the families of nephrotic children regarding the prediction of subsequent relapses and outcomes.
Review on Lab on Chip Fabrication and its Application in Food Safety Sensing
Authors: Sruthi P. S.
Published: December 2023

Lab on chip (LOC) is a miniaturized and automatic platform when combined with microfluidic techniques giving an improved analysis in several applications. Applying this LOC concept in biosensors gives easier and more rapid detection for several analyses, especially in food safety sensing. The processing method and fabrication of lab-on-chip material and some important application in food safety is reviewed in this paper.
Effect of Microbial Consortia Inoculation and Chemical Fertilizers on Growth Parameter and Nodulation of Soybean (Glycine max L. merill.) and Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Javed Syed , Ismail Syed , Dhamak A. L.  , More S. S.
Published: December 2023

Microbial consortia inoculation and chemical fertilizers significantly impact plant growth parameters. Microbial consortia contribute to soil health by enhancing nutrient availability and promoting plant growth, while chemical fertilizers provide essential nutrients. In this study, an Field Experiment was conducted during two successive years in Kharif and Rabi 2020-21 and 2021-22 consecutively on effect of microbial consortia inoculation and chemical fertilizers on productivity and soil properties in soybean chickpea sequence on vertisol at research farm of department soil science and agricultural chemistry Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani (MAH) India. The Soil of experimental site was classified as vertisol (Typic Haplustert) dominant montmorillonite type with kaollinite and illite mineral alkaline in reaction. Experimental treatments consist of four levels of laboratory evaluated microbial cultures (Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas striata, Thiobacillus thioxidant) and uninoculated control and four levels of  chemical fertilizers (100 % RDF, 75 % RDF, 50 % RDF and Control i.e. (without fertilizers)). Seed treatment of soybean and chickpea was done with microbial consortia immediate before sowing and chemical fertilizers were applied at the time of sowing as per treatments. The results revealed that the application of microbial inoculants with chemical fertilizers showed significant effect on biometric attributes and nodulation of soybean and chickpea. The microbial consortia Rhizobium spp.+ Pseudomonas striata inoculation has highest plant height, shoot weight, root length, number of nodule, fresh weight of nodules, and dry weight of noduels in both crops as compared to uninoculated control. However, the application of chemical fertilizer i.e. N,P and K 100% RDF obviously increased the height, shoot weight, number of nodulation, and fresh weight of nodules in respect of both soybean and chickpea crops. The chemical fetilizers N,P and K are applied in the form of Urea, single super phosphate and muriate of potash respectively.
Magnetohydrodynamic Nonlinear Radiative Heat and Mass Transfer Flow of Sisko Nanofluid through a Nonlinear Stretching Sheet in The Presence of Chemical Reaction
Authors: Ebiwareme Liberty , Esekhaigbe Edwin , Bunonyo Kubugha Wilcox , Uka Uchenna Awuka
Published: December 2023

The problem of heat and mass transfer of Sisko nanofluid flowing through a nonlinear stretching sheet under the influence of chemical reaction, heat source, magnetohydrodynamics, and thermal radiation is examined in this study. The controlling model equations are rendered dimensionless, and the resulting set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved utilizing the shooting technique for the nondimensional velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles, along with Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg's method of fourth order. Using symbolic software MAPLE, the properties of numerous relevant parameters, including the chemical reaction parameter, Lewis number, thermophoresis parameter, Brownian motion parameter, Biot number, material parameter of the Sisko fluid, magnetic field parameter, power law index, radiation parameter and generalized Prandtl number are presented graphically and quantitatively discussed. Further, the local Sherwood number and the local Nusselt numbers are calculated, presented in the table, and compared with existing literature. The results of our investigation show that the Sisko fluid's material properties increase the velocity profile, while increase in magnetic field and chemical reaction decrease it. In the same vein, the temperature distribution of the fluid decreases with increasing magnetic field, Biot number, thermophoresis parameter, and Lewis number, but increases when chemical reaction occurs. Concentration profiles are augmented by positive increases in the magnetic field and Brownian motion, but they plunge with increases in Lewis numbers, Biot numbers, chemical reactions, and thermophoresis parameters.
Soil-Transmitted Helminths: Prevalence and the Effect of Deworming in Children in Mutengene, South West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Ndamukong-Nyanga Judith Lum , Keng Kfu Emmanuel
Published: December 2023

Soil-transmitted helminthes (STH) (A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworms) constitute a significant public health problem globally. These infections are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas and their transmission is highly dependent on the degree to which the environment is contaminated with infectious stages and the amount of contact between human hosts and polluted soil. There are three main intervention strategies for controlling STH infections including ant-helminthic drug treatment (deworming), improved sanitation and health education. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of STH and assess the effects of de-worming among children 4 to 15 years old in Mutegene.

It was a cross-sectional study, involving school children of both sexes. A systematic random sampling method was used to collect data. Basic demographic data was obtained from the class registers. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information. Stool samples were collected, transported to the laboratory for macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 and the Chi-square test.

The result obtained showed an overall prevalence of 3.6% (n=9) with the most frequent species being Trichuris trichiura 2.4% (n=6) followed by Hookworm 0.8% (n= 2) and the least was Ascaris lumbricoides 0.4 %(n=1). On the impact of de-worming, out of the 9 infected cases, seven (7) indicated that they had not taken worm medicines (neither albendazole nor mebendazole), one (1) did not know and only one (1) infected person was among those that had been de-wormed before. This showed that the deworming process had a positive impact in eliminating helminthiasis.

In conclusion, the low prevalence could be explained by the prior de-worming of children. It was recommended that continuous health education should be given through community radios and television as a means of making the people understand the mode of transmission and methods of prevention of STH infection better.
Design and Production of an EPC Core Network Sizing Tool “The Case of Orange-Guinea
Authors: Diallo Mamadou Sadigou , Fotsing Janvier , Barry Kadiatou Aissatou , Tonye Emmanuel , Camara Mamadou Sanoussy , Bah Amadou Oury
Published: December 2023

With the arrival of 3G and 4G technologies, telecommunications networks have undergone a major expansion. These networks have enabled the integration of new services and adequate bandwidth, enabling operators to meet growing user demand. This rapid evolution has led operators to adapt their methods to new technologies, which increase network complexity. This complexity becomes even greater when these networks combine several different access technologies into a heterogeneous network, as in the case of 4G networks. In such cases, sizing involves new challenges such as: the considerable increase in service demands, compatibility with current networks, managing users' intercellular mobility and offering better quality of service.

The solution proposed to meet these new requirements is the dimensioning of the EPC core network.

The main aim of this project is to design and produce a computerized tool for sizing the EPC. The objectives of our work are in threefold : - to provide an architecture for interconnecting the EPC core network to the existing core network ; - to provide the methodology and process for sizing the core network of an EPS network; - design and implement an EPC core network dimensioning tool. In our work, traffic models are used to calculate the traffic generated by each technology to be connected to the core network. The resulting application, developed as part of our work, calculates the traffic and estimates the capacity of EPC network's core MME.
Moisture Transfer of Paper for Food Packaging Applications: A Laboratory Study
Authors: Dölle Klaus
Published: December 2023

Since paper has been invented in Chana in 105 BC by Cai Lun it has transformed human live. Sustainable developments favor paper as packaging media to replace plastic packaging materials.

Laboratory tests were performed on commercially available packaging papers for the assessment of mechanical properties and vapor transmission rates that might affect the packaging of perishable goods to further develop paper-based packaging materials.

Research results of the mechanical paper properties values cannot be directly related and compared between the different packaging papers analyzed due to their different basis weight, composition and intended use.

Research results revealed that the application of a coating material can affect paper properties negatively but decrease the vapor transmission rate measured at 23°C and 50% relative humidity below 1.06 g for wax coating and 0.3 g for polyvinyl coatings. Parchment type paper products without coating can achieve a water vapor transmission rate of 1.35 g per 240 hours.  an important factor for packaging perishable goods.

Therefore, packaging paper are specifically designed for their intended use and application including the application of a coating to the paper material to keep perishable goods longer fresh.
Vehicular Volume and Concentration of Gaseous Atmospheric Pollutants and Particulate Matter at Selected Road Junctions in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Aroh Rosemary , Emoyoma Udi O. , Numbere Aroloye O. , Aroh Kenneth N.
Published: December 2023

The increase in industrial and vehicular activities has led to the proliferation of atmospheric pollutants in cities globally. The Niger Delta region is an industrial hub and serves as the nation's resource base by exploring crude oil. This work postulated that there would be high pollutants and particulate matter at road junctions due to the multiplicity of several vehicles owned by the surging human population. The number of vehicles at each junction were counted. A multi-parameter gas monitor (A multi–RAE PLUS (PGM-50) was used to collect air samples at different junctions (n = 5). The concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), temperature, relative humidity, and wind were analyzed. The result revealed that the volume of the vehicles at road traffic junctions follows the order Rumuola>Mile 3/UST Roundabout>Choba Junction>Garrison>Lagos Bus Stop. Choba Junction had the highest concentration of pollutants. The highest concentration of vehicular pollutants was observed in the morning. Carbon monoxide (CO) had the highest concentration, followed by SO2 and NO2. While for particulate matter, PM2.5 had a higher concentration than PM10. The result implies that the number of vehicular traffic does not necessarily determine the concentration of pollutants because other anthropogenic activities are causing a spike in atmospheric pollutants within the city.
On the Interfacial Assembly of Anisotropic Amphiphilic Janus Particles
Authors: McGlasson Alex , Morgenthaler Eva , Bradley Laura C. , Russell Thomas P.
Published: December 2023

It has been shown both theoretically and experimentally that amphiphilic Janus particles are the most effective solid surfactants to stabilize interfaces. In most cases, the Janus particles investigated have uniform morphologies with Janus boundaries dividing the particle into halves. However, there are many examples of Janus particles where the hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains are not equally distributed. The effects of this uneven domain distribution on the mechanism and kinetics of Janus particle assembly, and final equilibrium state are not well‐understood. Dynamic pendant drop tensiometry offers a means to probe both the equilibrium assembly and the kinetics and mechanism of assembly. Here, the interfacial kinetics and assembly of spherical anisotropic Janus particles are investigated using dynamic pendant drop tensiometry. Systematic studies quantifying the time‐dependent interfacial behavior as a function of Janus particle morphology, chemical composition, particle concentration, and NaOH and HCl concentration are performed. These studies shed light on the assembly mechanism of more complex Janus particle morphologies and highlight their effectiveness as interface stabilizers.
Structurally Optimized Fluorinated Small‐Sized Graphene Oxide for Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging during Pregnancy
Authors: Xu Chen , Chen Xinyu , Wang Qi , Zhang Lin , Gao Xiaoyan , Yang Xiaoming , Yang Linlin , Liu Xiangyang , Wang Xu , Wang Yudong
Published: December 2023

Gadolinium‐based complex contrast agents (GBCAs), frequently applied in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are associated with severe acute anaphylactic shock and incurable nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Besides, the repeated use of GBCAs may result in the accumulation in various tissues. Given these potential adverse effects, GBCAs have not been well used during pregnancy. Herein, a novel metal‐free T2‐weighted MRI nanoprobe, designated fluorinated small‐sized graphene oxide with optimized fluorine content (LF‐sGO), is developed via graphene oxide materials. By introducing specific polar C─F bonds onto the small‐sized graphene oxide (sGO) skeleton, the prepared nanoprobe exhibits excellent water solubility, as well as superior MRI capabilities, thereby furnishing high‐resolution MRI anatomical information. Furthermore, the free radicals on LF‐sGO stabilized by C─F bonds confer LF‐sGO enrichment in the tumor region, enabling comprehensive imaging capability. The cytotoxicity study in vitro indicates that LF‐sGO has the potential to serve as a biocompatible imaging probe. Moreover, detailed in vivo studies on pregnant mice and zebrafish adequately demonstrate that microinjection of LF‐sGO does not induce dysontogensis and teratogenesis. This study successfully showcases a metal‐free nanoprobe that exhibits exceptional MRI capabilities for the purpose of tumor diagnosis. Notably, this nanoprobe holds promise for safe and effective tumor diagnosis during pregnancy.
Revealing the Effect of Halogenation Strategy on the Regulation of Crystallization Kinetics and Molecular Packing for High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Luo Dou , Zhang Lifu , Zeng Jie , Chi Weijie , Zhou Jialing , Zhou Erjun , Li Lanqing , Iwahashi Takashi , Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Ouchi Yukio , Xu Baomin , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko
Published: December 2023

Halogenation of non‐fused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) plays an important role in regulating their optoelectronic properties. However, the underlying mechanisms and their impact on the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) have remained unclear. Herein, a series of halogenated NFREAs incorporating F, Cl, and Br, are prepared to study their effect on crystallization kinetics, phase separation, molecular packing, and charge transport. Among various halogenation strategies, chlorination minimizes the Coulomb attractive energy between donor and acceptor, thereby facilitating exciton dissociation. In situ UV–vis absorption tests reveal that chlorinated acceptors exhibit a longer crystallization time, effectively suppressing excessive molecular aggregation and enhancing overall crystallinity. Additionally, chlorinated acceptors exhibit a longer exciton diffusion length, which promotes exciton dissociation while mitigating charge recombination in the devices. Consequently, two chlorinated NFREAs, TCN‐Cl, and PCN‐Cl, yield an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.85% and 15.30%, respectively, when blended with PM6 and J52 donors. These values represent the highest reported PCEs to date for NFREAs with A‐π‐A’‐π‐A and A‐π‐D‐π‐A structures. The study elucidates the crucial role of chlorination in extending exciton diffusion length and crystallization time. These effects significantly benefit phase separation within the active layers, enhance charge separation, and suppress recombination for achieving high‐efficiency OSCs.
Bacterial Cellulose‐Based Bandages with Integrated Antibacteria and Electrical Stimulation for Advanced Wound Management
Authors: Liu Xiaohao , Cai Zhuyun , Pei Manman , Zeng Hua , Yang Lijuan , Cao Wentao , Zhou Xuhui , Chen Feng
Published: December 2023

Bandages for daily wounds are the most common medical supplies, but there are still ingrained defects in their appearance, comfort, functions, as well as environmental pollution. Here, novel bandages based on bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane for wound monitoring and advanced wound management are developed. The BC membrane is combined with silver nanowires (AgNWs) by using vacuum filtration method to achieve transparent, ultrathin (≈7 µm), breathable (389.98–547.79 g m−2 d−1), and sandwich‐structured BC/AgNWs bandages with superior mechanical properties (108.45–202.35 MPa), antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, biocompatibility, and conductivity (9.8 × 103–2.0 × 105 S m−1). Significantly, the BC/AgNWs bandage is used in the electrical stimulation (direct current, 600  microamperes for 1 h every other day) treatment of full‐thickness skin defect in rats, which obviously promotes wound healing by increasing the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The BC bandage is used for monitoring wounds and achieve a high accuracy of 94.7% in classifying wound healing stages of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, by using a convolutional neural network. The outcomes of this study not only provide two BC‐based bandages as multifunctional wound management, but also demonstrate a new strategy for the development of the next generation of smart bandage.
Frequency‐independent Sound Absorbing Metamaterials
Authors: Gebrekidan Semere B. , Marburg Steffen
Published: December 2023

Inspired by the concept of frequency‐independent antennas in the electromagnetics, which theoretically exhibit a frequency‐independent bandwidth, this paper extends the concept to acoustics by adopting a log‐spiral and its modified shape to introduce a class of metamaterials called frequency‐independent sound‐absorbing metamaterials. Without the requirement of multiple resonators, these metamaterials achieve an ultra‐broadband absorption spanning from 550 Hz for a wide range of incident angles up to 80°, using a single unit cell structure owing to Fabry–Pérot resonance, viscous boundary losses, and thermoviscous loss of the foam. Numerical and experimental analyses are provided to demonstrate the working principles of the proposed structures. Their performance is compared with archimedean spiral, and the influence of air and porous material parameters on the performance of the metamaterial is discussed in detail for normal and oblique incident waves. The underlying principle is discussed in detail, highlighting the distinctions between the proposed structures and state‐of‐the‐art broadband metamaterials. The proposed structures represent a pioneering advancement in the field by offering compact and ultra‐broadband sound‐absorbing metamaterials that are suitable for practical applications.
Hydrophilic Conjugated Polymers for Sustainable Fabrication of Deep‐Red Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Filate Tadele T. , Tang Shi , Genene Zewdneh , Edman Ludvig , Mammo Wendimagegn , Wang Ergang
Published: December 2023

It is crucial to develop functional electronic materials that can be processed from green solvents to achieve environmentally sustainable and cost‐efficient printing fabrication of organic electronic devices. Here, the design and cost‐efficient synthesis of two hydrophilic and emissive conjugated polymers, TQ‐OEG and TQ2F‐OEG, are presented, which are rendered hydrophilic through the grafting of oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) solubilizing groups onto the thiophene‐quinoxaline conjugated backbone and thereby can be processed from a water:ethanol solvent mixture. The results show that the introduction of the OEG groups enables for a direct dissolution of salts by the neat polymer for the attainment of solid‐state ion mobility. These properties are utilized for the design and development of light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), the active materials of which can be solution cast from a water:ethanol‐based ink. It is specifically shown that such an LEC device, comprising an optimized blend of the TQ2F‐OEG emitter and a Li salt as the active material positioned between two air‐stabile electrodes, delivers deep‐red emission (peak wavelength = 670 nm) with a radiance of 185 µW m−2 at a low drive voltage of 2.3 V. This study contributes relevant information as to how polymers and LEC devices can be designed and fabricated to combine functionality with sustainability.
Scalable Carbon Black‐Enabled Membranes for Sustainable Solar Membrane Desalination
Authors: Chou Ting‐Hsun , Thomas Joy , Liou Yun‐Ke , Liu Cheng‐Liang , Tung Kuo‐Lun
Published: December 2023

Solar energy is used worldwide for generating electricity or desalting seawater. Photothermal membrane distillation (PMD), an emerging thermal‐driven process for seawater desalination, combines interfacial heating with membrane distillation (MD) technology to address the energy consumption issues of conventional MD. However, it is still a great challenge to develop a cost‐effective and scalable membrane, which hampers the practical use of PMD. Herein, a dual‐layer carbon black (CB)/PVDF membrane is prepared via direct electrospraying on a commercial PVDF membrane. With the introduction of a functional layer, a photothermal effect is imparted to the bare membrane, thus significantly increasing the water production rate and solar utilization efficiency (SUE) during exposure to artificial sunlight (≈57% enhancement and 72% SUE under 1 sun). In addition to the outstanding photothermal properties, this functional layer also served as a passivation coating to synergistically reduce the crystallization rate and physical binding of inorganic salts on the modified membrane without adding hazardous chemicals or using laborious steps. This multifunctional coated membrane and fast‐growing solar desalination technology provides a promising solution to the water crisis, especially in off‐grid areas where energy and resources are both relatively insufficient.
Ortho‐Substituent Effects on Halogen Bond Geometry for N‐Haloimide⋯2‐Substituted Pyridine Complexes
Authors: Yu Shilin , Rautiainen J. Mikko , Kumar Parveen , Gentiluomo Lorenzo , Ward Jas S. , Rissanen Kari , Puttreddy Rakesh
Published: December 2023

The nature of (imide)N–X⋯N(pyridine) halogen‐bonded complexes formed by six N‐haloimides and sixteen 2‐substituted pyridines are studied using X‐ray crystallography (68 crystal structures), Density Functional Theory (DFT) (86 complexation energies), and NMR spectroscopy (90 association constants). Strong halogen bond (XB) donors such as N‐iodosuccinimide form only 1:1 haloimide:pyridine crystalline complexes, but even stronger N‐iodosaccharin forms 1:1 haloimide:pyridine and three other distinct complexes. In 1:1 haloimide:pyridine crystalline complexes, the haloimide's N─X bond exhibits an unusual bond bending feature that is larger for stronger N‐haloimides. DFT complexation energies (ΔEXB) for iodoimide–pyridine complexes range from −44 to −99 kJ mol−1, while for N‐bromoimide–pyridine, they are between −31 and −77 kJ mol−1. The ΔEXB of I⋯N XBs in 1:1 iodosaccharin:pyridine complexes are the largest of their kind, but they are substantially smaller than those in [bis(saccharinato)iodine(I)]pyridinium salts (−576 kJ mol−1), formed by N‐iodosaccharin and pyridines. The NMR association constants and ΔEXB energies of 1:1 haloimide:pyridine complexes do not correlate as these complexes in solution are heavily influenced by secondary interactions, which DFT studies do not account for. Association constants follow the σ‐hole strengths of N‐haloimides, which agree with DFT and crystallography data. The haloimide:2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)pyridine complex undergoes a halogenation reaction resulting in 5‐iodo‐2‐dimethylaminopyridine.