bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of Speech-Language Pathologists and Students on Providing Care to People Living With Dementia: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mayer Jamie F. , Green Makenna R. , White Laura W. , Lemley Trey
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

This scoping review aimed to explore the extant literature on the experiences and views of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and SLP students regarding the provision of care to people living with dementia (PLWD).

Method:

A systematic search was conducted using 10 databases for sources published in English from January 2000 through January 2022. Sources were included if participants were practicing SLPs and/or students enrolled in undergraduate communicative disorders or graduate SLP programs and if the concepts of experiences or views on the provision of SLP services to PLWD were explored in the context of any clinical or educational setting. Included sources were systematically extracted for pertinent study characteristics, including SLP roles and settings, concept domains, measures utilized, and facilitators/barriers to effective dementia care.

Results:

The majority of the 29 included sources were published in either academic journals (
n
= 20) or professional organization publications (
n
= 5) and used a cross-sectional study design (
n
= 19). Participants included SLPs (
n
= 22 studies) and graduate (
n
= 6 studies), undergraduate (
n
= 3 studies), and doctoral students (
n
= 1 study). The included studies addressed five primary conceptual domains: experiences, attitudes, roles, knowledge, and confidence. The most commonly addressed barriers and facilitators of effective dementia care were education and training.

Conclusions:

Mapping and analysis of the current body of knowledge within this scoping review illuminated several knowledge gaps that we propose need to be addressed to meet the education and training needs of SLPs to provide optimal care to PLWD. These include systematically measuring access to and outcomes of evidence-based education and training programs both within and outside of an interprofessional collaborative context.
Biodiversity and distribution of larvae of the genus Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Gharb Region: Case of the Province of Sidi Slimane, Morocco
Authors: Hadji Mohamed , El Assal Mohamed , El Haji Driss , Zahri Samir , El Rhaouat Omar , El Omari Fatah , Chibani Abdelkader , Belghyti Driss
Published: August 2023

Mosquitoes play an important role in the transmission of many diseases as vectors of several pathogens: viral, parasitic, etc. which cause health problems to humans and even animals. The analysis of the specific composition of Culicidae in the different larval sites of the province of Sidi Slimane shows first of all that each habitat has a particular faunistic characteristic. Indeed, six species of the Culicinae family were inventoried during the 2018 hydrological cycle in the different larval sites surveyed: Culex pipiens, Culex hortensis, Culex theileri, Culex modestus, Culex brempti, Culex laticinctus. The geographical distribution of these species differs according to the requirements of each species. The physico-chemical, pedological, faunistic, floristic… etc. parameters of each environment play an important role in the biodiversity of this fauna, which explains the differences in specific richness of each larval biotope.
The influence of technogenic pollution on the Pinus sylvestris pollen chemical composition
Authors: Shiretorova Valentina G. , Erdyneeva Svetlana A. , Radnaeva Larisa D.
Published: August 2023

The elemental, fatty acid composition and content of polyphenols in the Pinus sylvestris L pollen, growing within the territory of Ulan-Ude and the Republic of Buryatia background territories, were determined. It is shown that with technogenic pollution in pollen, the content of iron, nickel, lead, cadmium and mercury increases, and the content of manganese decreases. In the fatty acid composition under stress conditions, an increase in the content of unsaturated fatty acids, and in particular, trans- and cis-forms of oleic acid, is observed. A decrease in the content of polyphenolic compounds in samples from contaminated areas was noted. Thus, the chemical composition of pine pollen can be used as an indicator of anthropogenic (technogenic) impact and early diagnosis of the stress state of the forest during forest pathological monitoring.
Adaptation of Soil Ecosystems: An Inventory of SDG Linkages to Achieve the Goals of the UN Decade for Ecosystem Restoration
Authors: Ryazanova Natalya , Naumov Vladimir , Kamennykh Natalia
Published: August 2023

The aim of the work is to carry out a comparative analysis and links between the loads on soil ecosystems and the social, economic and environmental needs and capacities of the state. The current vectors of the ecological discourse of assessment of degradation and the current state of soil ecosystems and the possible limits of their adaptation to the growing impacts were considered. The system of links between the ecological component and socio-economic needs of development of the regions of the state was created. The study was conducted on the basis of modern data of inventory, analysis and synthesis of available information on the state of soil ecosystems, limiting factors of their use and prospects for sustainable land use. The work was carried out in the following areas: adaptation to soil degradation; impact of land degradation on the economy; current trends in agriculture; biological and economic productivity of soil ecosystems; creation of ESG approach to state planning of soil resources exploitation. Sustainable land management was considered as a science-based procedure to meet food security and the needs of a growing global population while maintaining high quality ecosystems. The approach used allowed to establish a set of indicators and criteria for their evaluation for further scientific research of the need and possibility of restoring the health of soil ecosystems in order to improve state planning of land use.
Comprehensive Hydrological Survey of Glukhoye Lake, a Typical Forest Lake on Kunashir Island (Kuril Islands)
Authors: Grishchenko Mikhail Y. , Alaverdova Anna A. , Razaryonova Aleksandra D. , Shishov Andrey A. , Kazakov Ivan V.
Published: August 2023

In order to study a typical forest lake on Kunashir Island, which is Glukhoye Lake, a bathymetric mapping was conducted using a Lowrance echo sounder, during which 25 transects and 3 longitudinal tacks were measured. According to the results of bathymetric mapping, 5 points of hydrological and hydrochemical synchronous survey were carried out, within the framework of which hydrochemical indicators were measured and 9 water samples were taken for further analysis. At the same locations, 5 sediment samples were collected and described during the ground survey. Based on these studies, a comprehensive hydrological characterization of Glukhoye Lake, a typical forest lake on Kunshir Island, has been formulated. It is located in a forested area between the hills, has a shallow basin, few tributaries and slow water exchange. The lake is characterized by very little variability in hydrochemical parameters in depth and in plan. The predominance of hydrocarbonate and sodium ions is quite typical for surface water bodies of volcanic massifs. The hypothesis of a continuing close link between the lake and the ocean has not been confirmed.
Enhancing Efficiency of Corncob-Fired Power Generation with Carbon Capture and Storage
Authors: Brigagão George Victor , Cruz Matheus de Andrade , Araújo Ofélia de Queiroz Fernandes , de Medeiros José Luiz
Published: August 2023

Bioenergy from biomass wastes with carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an important way to compensate for hard-to-abate emissions and collaborate with decarbonizing the energy industry. This work evaluates a corncob-fired power generation with CCS regarding overall energy efficiency in two process alternatives: (a) post-combustion CO2 capture by an aqueous blend of methyl-diethanolamine and piperazine; and (b) oxy-combustion coupled to state-of-art air separation unit. The alternatives are simulated in Aspen HYSYS and compared with a conventional plant to evaluate the energy penalty of capturing CO2. The lean solvent composition is optimized for the lowest regeneration heat demand (2.92 GJ/tCO2). Post-combustion capture designed for 90% CO2 abatement presents an efficiency penalty of 7.96%LHV. In contrast, Oxy-combustion has zero CO2 emissions and outperforms Post-combustion with a lower penalty of 6.77%LHV, given a chance to have oxygen supplied at an energy cost of 139 kWh/tO2. To render Post-combustion the most efficient route, it would be necessary to have its reboiler heat ratio reduced to 2.30 GJ/tCO2.
Energy transition to zero-carbon economy: Estimation of investment costs
Authors: Degtyarev Kirill , Kiseleva Sophia , Nefedova Liudmila , Berezkin Mikhail , Sinyugin Oleg
Published: August 2023

Тhe article contains the estimation of global investment costs required for the global energy transition to zero-carbon economy by 2050. The evaluations are based on the data on global energy supply and its forecast to 2050, assumption that all the global energy needs are to be satisfied only through non-carbon facilities, and data on investment costs per unit for the facilities that use different types of non-carbon energy carriers. The authors conclude that the total costs of the energy transition worldwide are some $120 trillion, and that achieving the goal of totally non-carbon economy by the middle of the century would require a sharp, two-threefold, increase in investments in energy supply comparatively with the modern level, including acceleration in development of hydro and nuclear energy.
Dust-holding capacity of tree plantation in the industrial area of Cherepovets, Russia
Authors: Nikolaev Pavel , Rumiantseva Olga , Rumyantseva Anzhella , Ivanova Elena , Ulianova Marina , Bazhenova Darya
Published: August 2023

An important property of green spaces is the ability to capture dust particles from the atmosphere, thereby reducing its pollution. The main organs adsorbing dust are leaves, therefore, in this work, the dust-retaining capacity of woody plants was determined by leaves. These studies are relevant for the selection of an assortment of woody plants with increased dust-holding capacity for urban areas. The research work presents data on the dust-holding ability of the leaves of the following plant species of the industrial area of Cherepovets: Betula pendula, Crataegus sp., Quercus robur, Acer platanoides, Acer negundo, Tilia platyphyllos, Sorbus aucuparia, Malus sp., Cornus alba. To determine the amount of dust deposited by plant leaves, in the summer of 2022, leaf plates similar in morphology and age were collected in the industrial area of Cherepovets. According to the results of the study, the leaf surface has the highest dust-holding capacity of Betula pendula – 6.16 g/m2, the leaf surface of Sorbus aucuparia has the lowest dust-holding capacity is 0.87 g/m2.
Assessment of the Possibilities of Transition to Sustainable Environmental Management Models in the Arctic Regions
Authors: Ryazanova Natalya E. , Lobzhanidze Natalia E. , Subbotina Elena V.
Published: August 2023

The sustainable development agenda for regional development can be developed in depth and comprehensively if considered in a cluster manner. It is advisable to distinguish the traditional clusters of sustainable development: economic, environmental and social. This paper considers the Environmental cluster, which has taken in the development of several Targets from the SDGs and conducted a study close to the assessment of the state of the environment. The purpose of the study is the possibility of updating the Arctic Council studies for the regions of the Russian Arctic in connection with their authentic regional ecological pressures. Objectives: to determine the actual environmental loads on each of the nine Arctic regions and to develop approaches to the formation of a model of sustainable environmental management within the framework of the existing scientific developments of the Arctic Council working groups and the formation of a scientific agenda for the future. Research methods: analysis of cartographic material, environmental reports of local and federal authorities, non-financial reports of enterprises operating in the Arctic regions, messengers and activity of civil society institutions, the real state of natural environments (atmospheric air, soil, water resources and forests), perspective development plans of the selected regions. As a result, several of the most urgent areas were highlighted in which it is advisable to focus further efforts to improve the state of the environment in each of the regions. The work was carried out during 2021-2022.
Total mercury in small mammals from forest ecosystems (nearby Cherepovets, Vologda region)
Authors: Ageeva Elena , Poddubnaya Nadezhda , Shchukina Mariya
Published: August 2023

The aim of the research is to determine the total mercury (THg) in small mammals in forest ecosystems at a distance of 3 – 8 km from the boundaries of the industrial site of PJSC Severstal near Cherepovets, Vologda region. THg in the pelage and organs of the Ural field mouse (Apodemus uralensis, Pallas, 1811) varies from less than 0.001 to 0.56 mg/kg of dry weight (DW), the average maximum THg value was in the spleen (0.18 ± 0.07 mg/kg) and minimum in the muscles (0.02 ± 0.01 mg/kg). The content of THg in the pelage and organs of the common shrew (Sorex araneus, Linnaeus, 1758) varies from 0 to 4.57 mg /kg DW, the average maximum value of THg was in pelage (0.76 ± 0.15 mg / kg) and the average minimum in the liver (0.11 ± 0.01 mg /kg). The estimated mean THg level in the common shrew in the wet years 2021-2022 is lower than in the dry years 2009 and 2010. The reason for this is not clear. The results indicate the need for further investigation of changes in the total mercury content in the terrestrial ecosystem.
Mercury content in tree plants in the industrial area of Cherepovets, Russia
Authors: Ulianova Marina , Rumiantseva Olga , Ivanova Elena , Bazhenova Darya , Baboshina Polina , Pluzhnikova Anna
Published: August 2023

The aboveground organs of plants are natural bioindicators of atmospheric precipitation, and their study makes it possible to assess the state of the geochemical background of a number of elements, including mercury. Mercury is a highly toxic element for all living organisms. The mercury content was determined on the RA-915M mercury analyzer with PIRO attachment of the Regional shared services center of Cherepovets State University. The data on the content of mercury in the leaves of different types of woody and shrubby plants of the industrial area of Cherepovets are presented. The mercury content in the leaves of the studied plant species varied from 0.40 ng/g to 34.90 ng/g. It was noted that non-deciduous trees have the lowest levels of mercury in leaves – 9.80±1.01 ng/g, shrub forms have intermediate values – 12.47±0.92 ng/g and deciduous trees the highest concentrations –16 .95±0.56 ng/g. The results obtained can be used for scientifically-based regulation of the phytotechnology system of urbanized area and for more efficient landscaping.
Ecological Risk Assessment of PTEs in Topsoils Impacted by Diamond Mining (Yakutia, Russia)
Authors: Gololobova Anna
Published: August 2023

The concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the topsoils of Udachny mining area were determined. The soil samples were taken from the 42 topsoil samples at a depth of 0-20 cm. The concentrations of PTEs (Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn) were analyzed by the atomic absorption method on MGA-1000. In addition, the pH and soil organic matter (humus) were measured for each sample. The potential ecological risk was quantitatively estimated for each site. The most severe PTEs soil contamination in the study area was Cd, followed by As, Pb, Cr, and Zn. Local areas with a significant potential environmental risk (300 ≤ RI < 600) have been established near the kimberlite pipe and overburden dump.
Analysis of the energy and environmental breakthrough components of the global economic security of the United Euro-Atlantic countries and Ukraine
Authors: Ilyash Olha , Rubino Alessandro , Khaustova Viktoriia , Capozza Claudia , Salashenko Tetiana , Liopolis Stella
Published: August 2023

Despite the fact that Russia’s war in Ukraine has significantly affected world economic growth (in 2023, it will be only 0.3 %), EU countries and the world are increasing financial, humanitarian and military support for Ukraine. The entire range of risks is shaping the new landscape of the new decade and changing the vector of global economic security. At the same time, it is forming a new dynamic Euro-Atlantic security system. The study confirms the hypothesis about the formation of a new effective system of global economic security with the inclusion of like-minded countries that have the potential for an “economic breakthrough” and the ability to influence global economic security against a background of the Russian war. A unique system of functional components (including 8 countries, 50 indicators for 7 security components) of an economic breakthrough in the system of global economic security of the united Euro- Atlantic countries has been formed, paying special attention to the energy and environmental components. The result of the study was the clustering of the countries with similar characteristics and indicators, the similar ability to make an “economic breakthrough” and influence the architecture of global economic security.
Consistency of trends in the economic and energy development of Ukraine: Assessment and analysis
Authors: Kyzym Mykola , Khaustova Viktoriia , Shpilevskyi Volodymyr , Salashenko Tetiana , Hrynkevych Svitlana , Kruchinina Oksana
Published: August 2023

Reforming Ukraine’s energy sector is targeted at the implementation of European legislation into national practice. However, the lack of a vision of the country’s energy model, coordinated with trends and priorities of its economic development, is creating a number of problems with its energy supply. The aim of the presented study is to assess the consistency of trends in the economic and energy development of Ukraine. To achieve the goal, a methodological approach to assessing the consistency of trends and structural changes in the economy and energy sector was developed. It was proposed to carry out the assessment based on the analysis of the resource / commodity and production / consumption chains of the electric power industry, and the conditions of the electric power market. It was proved that the trends and structural changes in the economy of Ukraine were not accompanied by corresponding changes in the energy sector of the country. Such inconsistency conditioned: a low level of utilization of installed power generation capacities and, consequently, a high level of unused power generation reserves; a high level of power generation reserves that determined a significant level of non-productive costs and, consequently, a high total cost of power production.
Scenario modeling of the critical macroeconomic and sustainable development indicators of Ukraine
Authors: Mazhara Glib , Pyshnograiev Ivan , Zavalna Maryna
Published: August 2023

The assessment of the state of macroeconomic security as a crucial component of economic security in the context of sustainable development and the forecasting of key indicators are becoming more critical in light of the complicated circumstances that the functioning of the Ukrainian economy is currently experiencing as a result of the full-scale Russian invasion. Therefore, this study aims to build a relevant system dynamic model for assessing and forecasting the level of macroeconomic security in the medium term. A system of dynamic models of three key indicators (GDP growth rate, consumer price index, and unemployment rate) was built based on Romer’s model of economic growth with the author’s modifications, a kinetic model of the price level, and an author’s model of the dynamics of population groups. The model’s average error equals 3.25%, the maximum one is 10.927% for the inactive population in 2018. A potential forecast was made, primary and alternative scenario forecasts were developed, and the mathematical expectation of key indicators according to the scenarios was calculated. Meanwhile, none of the developed forecasts characterized the state of the level of macroeconomic security precisely as optimal, which led to the conclusion that there is an urgent need to implement a system of measures to increase macroeconomic security.
Implementation of information technologies in the international accounting system of fuel and energy sector enterprises
Authors: Kuzmenko Halyna , Zakharkina Liudmyla , Tranchenko Oleksandr , Galenko Oksana , Chuba Nazar , Petrenko Nataliya , Kravchenko Vitalii
Published: August 2023

The study aims the analysis the introduction of information technologies into the international accounting system of organisations in the fuel and energy sector, in particular, to establish the optimal nomenclature composition of digital transformation tools for accounting and auditing tools for the economic activities of organisations in the fuel and energy sector, as well as to establish practical steps to implement these tools in the accounting policies of the studied enterprises. The use of two principles for determining the appropriate range of technological solutions of Accounting 4.0, namely, the expert principle (based on the analysis of 10 professional resources) and the scientometric one (based on the analysis of 500 relevant publications) with their subsequent correlative and analytical comparison, allows providing an independent and high-quality solution to the issue of identifying solutions and tools for digital transformation and modernisation of accounting processes in the economic and economic activities of fuel and energy companies. It is established today, among information technologies, the following digital tools of Accounting 4.0 are the highest priority for integration into the international accounting policy of fuel and energy companies: Cloud Computing, Blockchain Technology, Big Data, Artificial intelligence (AI), AI-based automation, Machine learning and Internet of things.
Radio frequency fingerprint identification for Internet of Things: A survey
Authors: Xie Lingnan , Peng Linning , Zhang Junqing , Hu Aiqun
Published: August 2023

Radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) identification is a promising technique for identifying Internet of Things (IoT) devices. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on RFF identification, which covers various aspects ranging from related definitions to details of each stage in the identification process, namely signal preprocessing, RFF feature extraction, further processing, and RFF identification. Specifically, three main steps of preprocessing are summarized, including carrier frequency offset estimation, noise elimination, and channel cancellation. Besides, three kinds of RFFs are categorized, comprising I/Q signal-based, parameter-based, and transformation-based features. Meanwhile, feature fusion and feature dimension reduction are elaborated as two main further processing methods. Furthermore, a novel framework is established from the perspective of closed set and open set problems, and the related state-of-the-art methodologies are investigated, including approaches based on traditional machine learning, deep learning, and generative models. Additionally, we highlight the challenges faced by RFF identification and point out future research trends in this field.
Die interdisziplinäre – integrative – Versorgung von funktionellen neurologischen Störungen
Authors: Schmidt Roger , van Husen Dominik Klaasen , Gegusch Michaela , Steurer Alexandra , Hausteiner-Wiehle Constanze , Schmid Dagmar A.
Published: August 2023

Spätestens mit Blick auf die von ihnen aufgeworfenen Behandlungserfordernisse handelt es sich bei funktionell neurologischen Störungen (FNS) um biopsychosozial komplexe Erkrankungen, die von einer interdisziplinären, multimodalen Diagnostik und Therapie profitieren. Auch wenn es inzwischen mehr und mehr dezidierte Behandlungsangebote gibt, ist die Versorgungslage insgesamt weit unzureichend – allein schon, weil FNS der üblichen Organisation der medizinischen Versorgung entgegenlaufen, in der nach Fachdisziplinen getrennte Zuständigkeiten das Denken und Handeln im klinischen Alltag weiterhin prägen. Soll sich etwas ändern, kommen der Errichtung weiterer dezentraler klinischer Ressourcen, der Entwicklung und Umsetzung integrativer klinischer Arbeitsmodelle, der interdisziplinären Aus-, Weiter- und Fortbildung und der begleitenden Forschung wesentliche Bedeutung zu – und der Vernetzung aller Initiativen untereinander, (über-)regional und international. Was sich auf dem Weg zu einer angemessenen Versorgung von FNS – unter aktiver Einbeziehung der je gegebenen klinischen, aber auch institutionellen und gesundheitspolitischen Versorgungsrealitäten vor Ort – tun lässt, und was es zu tun gibt, wird am Beispiel eines stationären und eines ambulanten Behandlungsmodells deutlich.
Direct comparison of multiple computer-aided polyp detection systems
Authors: Troya Joel , Sudarevic Boban , Krenzer Adrian , Banck Michael , Brand Markus , Walter Benjamin M. , Puppe Frank , Zoller Wolfram G. , Meining Alexander , Hann Alexander
Published: August 2023

Background and study aims Artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems for computer-aided detection (CADe) of polyps receive regular updates and occasionally offer customizable detection thresholds, both of which impact their performance, but little is known about these effects. This study aimed to compare the performance of different CADe systems on the same benchmark dataset.

Methods 101 colonoscopy videos were used as benchmark. Each video frame with a visible polyp was manually annotated with bounding boxes, resulting in 129 705 polyp images. The videos were then analyzed by three different CADe systems, representing five conditions: two versions of GI Genius, Endo-AID with detection Types A and B, and EndoMind, a freely available system. Evaluation included an analysis of sensitivity and false-positive rate, among other metrics.

Results Endo-AID detection Type A, the earlier version of GI Genius, and EndoMind detected all 93 polyps. Both the later version of GI Genius and Endo-AID Type B missed 1 polyp. The mean per-frame sensitivities were 50.63 % and 67.85 %, respectively, for the earlier and later versions of GI Genius, 65.60 % and 52.95 %, respectively, for Endo-AID Types A and B, and 60.22 % for EndoMind.

Conclusions This study compares the performance of different CADe systems, different updates, and different configuration modes. This might help clinicians to select the most appropriate system for their specific needs.
Rhodium-Catalyzed C–H Activation of 2-Arylquinazolinones and Cyclization with Elemental Sulfur via C–S/S–N Bond Formation to Access 7H-Benzo[4,5]isothiazolo[3,2-b]quinazolinones
Authors: Peng Yiyuan , Zhang Xinqin , Wu Qiong , Yang Qin , Fu Yang
Published: August 2023

An efficient method for the synthesis of 7H-benzo[4,5]isothiazolo[3,2-b]quinazolin-7-ones by the reaction of 2-arylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones and elemental sulfur is described. The rhodium-catalyzed C–H activation of 2-arylquinazolinones and cyclization with elemental sulfur via one-step formation of C–S/N–S bonds to give the corresponding 7H-benzo[4,5]isothiazolo[3,2-b]quinazolinones is realized in good to high yields with good functional group tolerance.
The effects of casino proximity and time on poverty levels in New York City
Authors: O’Gilvie Paulette J.
Published: August 2023

The effect of casino proximity and time on poverty levels in New York City examines levels of poverty over a 5-year duration for urban casino communities under the theoretical dimensions of exposure and adaption. Links between casino proximity and problem gambling or other gambling-related problems that could adversely impact individuals in disadvantaged communities were reported before the influx of urban casinos in major metro areas. This analysis uses Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) from the American Community Survey (ACS) estimates. A two-way factorial ANOVA measured poverty-level outcomes at high and low casino proximity in year 1 and year 5 after an urban casino had been opened. No significant interaction was found between casino proximity and year for poverty-level outcomes. The hypothesis that levels of poverty defined as PUMS score in urban casino communities and two levels of casino proximity in the New York metro area for the first and fifth year after the casino had been opened would not report statistically significant changes was supported. Higher poverty-level outcome scores were reported at closer distances measured as high casino proximity with approximately the same reported scores for year 1 and year 5, suggesting that closer distances to a casino despite the lifespan of the casino could influence poverty levels and other potential socio-economic factors. Contextualizing the findings in the exposure and adaptation theory frameworks suggests that exposure to a casino can have adverse consequences based on the increase in poverty-level outcome scores. Conversely, adaptation, which could occur over time, typically at the 5-year mark of operation, was not indicated due to the negligibility of poverty-level scores between year 1 and year 5; thus, refuting adaptation theory. This research expands the literature on urban casino proximity in the context of exposure and adaptation theory. Implication of these results provide the broader community of legislators, community workers, scholar-practitioners, preventionists, and industry with a better understanding of the phenomenon, and any potential adverse consequences to host and neighboring communities so that policy, intervention, prevention, and treatment can be implemented well before a casino opens.
Analytical description of phonon heat flow with diffusive boundary scattering
Authors: Amrit J. , Medintseva T. , Nemchenko Ye. , Nemchenko K. , Spotar M. , Rogova S. , Vikhtinskaya T.
Published: August 2023

The paper presents an analytical solution to the problem of heat flow due to the ballistic motion of phonons, which are diffusely reflected from the side walls of a two-dimensional dielectric material. An explicit analytical expression is obtained for the temperature profile in the approximation of linear dependence; explicit equations are derived for the heat flux and the thermal conductivity coefficients of the sample with arbitrary ratios of the width W and the length L. The analytical expressions are in very good agreement with numerical solutions of the integral equations, which describe these quantities and were derived in our previous study [J. Appl. Phys. 129, 085105 (2021)]. The obtained analytical relations can be used for subsequent studies in the case of mixed specular and diffuse reflection, as well as in the study of phonon systems of specific materials.
Carbon footprint of helium recovery systems
Authors: Jones A. T. , Down R. B. E. , Lawson C. R. , Keeping D. , Kirichek O.
Published: August 2023

Helium is a finite global resource, which is becoming vitally important to recover and reuse as it continually diminishes. The helium recovery process uses plant machinery that can consume significant amounts of power and generate a large carbon footprint. Many organizations around the world are actively trying to reduce their carbon footprint and, therefore, lessen the impact of their operations on the climate. Here we have assessed the CO2 produced per litre of liquid helium, when processed by the ISIS helium recovery system, and compared it with the estimated carbon footprint of liquid helium that is supplied by the gas companies. The comparison clearly demonstrates that the carbon footprint of liquid helium from the recovery system is significantly smaller than that of liquid helium supplied by the gas companies.
Present and future of terahertz integrated photonic devices
Authors: Rajabali Shima , Benea-Chelmus Ileana-Cristina
Published: August 2023

Photonic integrated circuits have benefited many fields in the natural sciences. Their nanoscale patterning has led to the discovery of novel sources and detectors from ultraviolet to microwaves. Yet terahertz technologies have so far leveraged surprisingly little of the design and material freedom provided by photonic integrated circuits. Despite photoconduction—the process in which light is absorbed above the bandgap of a semiconductor to generate free carriers—and nonlinear up- and down-conversion being by far the two most widespread approaches to generate and detect terahertz waves, so far, terahertz technologies have been mostly employed in bulk. In this perspective, we discuss the current state-of-the-art, challenges, and perspectives for hybrid optical-terahertz photonic chips. We focus, in particular, on χ(2) and χ(3) nonlinear waveguides and waveguide-integrated photoconductive devices. We highlight opportunities in the micro- and macroscale design of waveguide geometries and printed antennas for the optimization of emission and detection efficiencies of terahertz waves. Realizing complex functionalities for terahertz photonics on a single chip may come into reach by integration and miniaturization compatible with telecom and fiber technologies.
Study on combined stress failure envelope of CMG based on PSO-BP neural network
Authors: Huang Shouqing , Qin Taichun , Yang Xiaoning , Li Fangyong , Zhou Yuan , Yu Yifang , Wang Hao
Published: August 2023

The investigation of the failure envelope of control moment gyroscopes (CMGs) under simulated dynamic and thermal vacuum conditions on the ground is crucial for ensuring the reliability of CMGs. In this study, a test rig is employed to simulate the combined stresses in a vacuum environment, including the temperature, CMG gimbal rotating speed, and satellite rotating speed. The objective is to obtain high-fidelity running status data of the CMG. The particle swarm optimization and BP neural network (PSO-BP) model is utilized to learn from these test data and subsequently predict the running status for other stress combinations, ultimately enabling the determination of the failure envelope surface of the CMG. The results demonstrate that this method significantly reduces the cost of testing to detect the CMG failure envelope while achieving high prediction accuracy and adaptability under combined stress situations. By employing the k-fold cross-validation method, the PSO-BP model demonstrates superior generalization performance to the BP model in predicting the running status of CMGs. The optimized hidden layer size and learning rate of the PSO-BP model are also discussed. Furthermore, the method presented in this paper can effectively incorporate the hidden experience data from the test. Finally, the PSO-BP method, in comparison to the BP method, yields a smooth and stable initial predicted value, effectively preventing the prediction result from falling into local optimization.
Heterogeneous integration of a high-speed lithium niobate modulator on silicon nitride using micro-transfer printing
Authors: Vanackere T. , Vandekerckhove T. , Bogaert L. , Billet M. , Poelman S. , Cuyvers S. , Van Kerrebrouck J. , Moerman A. , Caytan O. , Singh N. , Lemey S. , Torfs G. , Ossieur P. , Roelkens G. , Clemmen S. , Kuyken B.
Published: August 2023

Integrated photonic systems require fast modulators to keep up with demanding operation speeds and increasing data rates. The silicon nitride integrated photonic platform is of particular interest for applications such as datacom, light detection and ranging (LIDAR), quantum photonics, and computing owing to its low losses and CMOS compatibility. Yet, this platform inherently lacks high-speed modulators. Heterogeneous integration of lithium niobate on silicon nitride waveguides can address this drawback with its strong Pockels effect. We demonstrate the first high-speed lithium niobate modulator heterogeneously integrated on silicon nitride using micro-transfer printing. The device is 2 mm long with a half-wave voltage Vπ of 14.8 V. The insertion loss and extinction ratio are 3.3 and 39 dB, respectively. Operation beyond 50 GHz has been demonstrated with the generation of open eye diagrams up to 70 Gb/s. This proof-of-principle demonstration opens up possibilities for more scalable fabrication of these trusted and performant devices.
Simulation study of TiO2 single layer anti-reflection coating for GaAs solar cell
Authors: Parajuli D. , Gaudel Gangasagar Sharma , KC Devendra , Khattri Khim B. , Rho Won-Yeop
Published: August 2023

Anti-reflection coating (ARC) plays an important role in reducing the reflection of incident light and absorbing more photons to produce more photoelectrons. In this paper, a single-layer TiO2 anti-reflection coating is performed on GaAs solar cells. In the simulation study, we compared the solar cell before and after ARC by using PC1D simulation software. The I–V characteristics, reflectance, and external quantum efficiency have been simulated with a refractive index of 2.324 at 600 nm wavelength. The simulated results show that the ARC-coated solar cell performs better. It is found that the power conversion efficiency of 24.75% reflection is 9.5%, and the EQE is 95% at the 62 nm thickness of the ARC layer. The optimized reflectivity was found to be around 5%, which is quite lower than that without ARC (32%).
Edge-to-edge topological spectral transfer in diamond photonic lattices
Authors: Cáceres-Aravena Gabriel , Real Bastián , Guzmán-Silva Diego , Vildoso Paloma , Salinas Ignacio , Amo Alberto , Ozawa Tomoki , Vicencio Rodrigo A.
Published: August 2023

The transfer of information between topological edge states is a robust way of spatially manipulating spatial states in lattice environments. This method is particularly efficient when the edge modes are kept within the topological gap of the lattice during the transfer. In this work, we show experimentally the transfer of photonic modes between topological edge states located at opposite ends of a dimerized one-dimensional photonic lattice. We use a diamond lattice of coupled waveguides and show that the topological transfer is insensitive to the presence of a high density of states in the form of a flat band at an energy close to that of the edge states and prevails in the presence of a hopping impurity. We explore the dynamics in the waveguide lattice using a wavelength-scan method, where different input wavelengths translate into different effective lattice lengths. Our results offer an alternative way to the implementation of efficient transfer protocols based on active driving mechanisms.
First exploratory survey of poloidal magnetic flux emission from a dense plasma focus
Authors: Upadhyay Mahima , Choudhary Mahesh , Mishra Mayank , Verma Rishi , Kumar A. , Rawat Rajdeep Singh , Auluck S. K. H.
Published: August 2023

Studies of neutron emission from a dense plasma focus suggest that a significant fraction of neutron emission in some shots is caused by fast deuterons that have a prominent azimuthal component of motion. Recent examples are observations of long-lasting neutron emission in the side-on direction in PF-1000 and of neutron flux asymmetry (end/side) less than unity in Gemini. Such azimuthal motion of deuterons indicates the presence of an azimuthal electric field that accelerates them and a poloidal magnetic field that keeps them within the zone of acceleration. This in turn must be accompanied by poloidal magnetic flux emission (PMFE) from the plasma focus. Recently, a diagnostic technique for detection of PMFE has been proposed and demonstrated. This paper presents results of its successful replication and the first ever exploratory survey of PMFE emission using the UNU-ICTP plasma focus at the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Effects of hole transporting PEDOT:PSS on the photoemission of upconverted hot electron in Mn-doped CdS/ZnS quantum dots
Authors: Wang Chih-Wei , Kim Hong Rae , Hampton Jared , Kim Doyun , Tu Qing , Pyun Jae-Chul , Son Dong Hee
Published: August 2023

In this work, we investigated the effect of hole transporting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) interfacing with Mn-doped CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate on the photoemission of upconverted hot electrons under weak continuous wave photoexcitation in a vacuum. Among the various factors that can influence the photoemission of the upconverted hot electrons, we studied the role of PEDOT:PSS in facilitating the hole transfer from QDs and altering the energy of photoemitted hot electrons. Compared to hot electrons emitted from QDs deposited directly on the ITO substrate, the addition of the PEDOT:PSS layer between the QD and ITO layers increased the energy of the photoemitted hot electrons. The increased energy of the photoemitted hot electrons is attributed in part to the reduced steady-state positive charge on the QDs under continuous photoexcitation, which reduces the energy required to eject the electron from the conduction band.
Single-mode waveguide-coupled light emitting diodes in unmodified silicon photonics fabrication processes
Authors: de Cea Marc , Li Zheng , Notaros Milica , Notaros Jelena , Ram Rajeev J.
Published: August 2023

We realize single-mode, waveguide-coupled, electrically driven silicon light emitting diodes in commercial, unmodified silicon photonics foundry processes and develop a model of both the electrical and optical behavior to understand the performance limitations. We measure a center wavelength of 1130 nm, a 90 nm 3 dB optical bandwidth, and 200 pW of optical power propagating in each direction. We show on-chip modulation and detection of the generated light using native resonant photodetectors integrated in the same chip. Our work unveils a new native light source available in silicon photonics processes, which can find applications ranging from device screening and fabrication quality assessment to imaging, refractive index sensing, or intra-chip communication.
Reliability analysis of piezoelectric cantilever beam with inverse piezoelectric effect
Authors: Fang Yongfeng , Fang Zizhe , Tee Kong Fah
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the mechanical output and electrical output of the piezoelectric cantilever beam under the inverse piezoelectric condition has been studied. The limit state equation for the mechanical reliability and electrical reliability of the piezoelectric cantilever beam under the inverse piezoelectric effect has been derived. The reliability of the piezoelectric cantilever beam has been predicted by using the principle of the series system with inverse piezoelectric. The proposed reliability model of the piezoelectric cantilever beam under the inverse piezoelectric state is simple, which is obtained by using the first-order second-moment method. It has been shown that the proposed model is robust and practical with validation by an engineering problem.
Micromechanical field-effect transistor terahertz detectors with optical interferometric readout
Authors: Ryzhii V. , Tang C. , Otsuji T. , Ryzhii M. , Kalenkov S. G. , Mitin V. , Shur M. S.
Published: August 2023

We investigate the response of the micromechanical field-effect transistors (MMFETs) to the impinging terahertz (THz) signals. The MMFET uses the microcantilevers (MC) as a mechanically floating gate and the movable mirror of the Michelson optical interferometer. The MC mechanical oscillations are transformed into optical signals and the MMFET operates as the detector of THz radiation with the optical output. The combination of the mechanical and plasmonic resonances in the MMFET with the optical amplification enables an effective THz detection.
Normal mode analysis of fluid discontinuities: Numerical method and application to magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Béthune William
Published: August 2023

Fluid discontinuities, such as shock fronts and vortex sheets, can reflect waves and become unstable to corrugation. Analytical calculations of these phenomena are tractable in the simplest cases only, while their numerical simulations are biased by truncation errors inherent to discretization schemes. The author lays down a computational framework to study the coupling of normal modes (plane linear waves) through discontinuities satisfying arbitrary conservation laws, as is relevant to a variety of fluid mechanical problems. A systematic method is provided to solve these problems numerically, along with a series of validation cases. As a demonstration, it is applied to magnetohydrodynamic shocks and shear layers to exactly recover their linear stability properties. The straightforward inclusion of nonideal (dispersive, dissipative) effects notably opens a route to investigate how these phenomena are altered in weakly ionized plasmas.
Control of flow-induced vibration of a circular cylinder using a splitter plate
Authors: Zeng Lingwei , Zhao Fuwang , Wang Hanfeng , Liu Yang , Tang Hui
Published: August 2023

A circular cylinder attached by a rigid splitter plate of different lengths was tested to examine its effects on the control of flow-induced vibration. Tests were carried out in a closed-loop water channel. A cylinder of diameter D = 20 mm and a mass ratio m* ≈ 50 was installed to oscillate in the transverse direction. A wide range of splitter length was considered, i.e., L/D = 0–3.5, at a range of reduced velocity Ur = 1–25 and the Reynolds number Re = 800–11 000. Numerical simulations were also conducted to reveal the flow structures associated with the vibration modes observed in the experiment. It is found that, as L/D increases from 0 to 0.25, the peak value of cylinder oscillation amplitude increases and appears at higher reduced velocities. When the splitter length continues to rise, galloping-type oscillations occur at L/D = 0.5 and 0.75. The transition stage has been found at L/D = 1.0. Oscillation is then significantly suppressed when the splitter length is larger than L/D = 1.5.
Experimental investigation on the performance of the variable cross section rotating detonation engine
Authors: Yang Xingkui , Song Feilong , Wu Yun , Zhou Jianping , Chen Xin , Yang Zhao
Published: August 2023

Optimizing the structure of the rotating detonation engine (RDE) is an effective way of improving its performance. In this paper, a variable cross section RDE with convergent-channel combustor (CC-RDE) is designed and compared with annular-channel combustor (AC-RDE). The operation range, propagation characteristics of rotating detonation waves (RDWs), and working performance were analyzed. In this study, the combustor outlet blockage ratios of both RDEs were equal, both being 0.35. The results show that the CC-RDE increased the propellant flow velocity, thus increasing the chemical reaction rate, and led to a comparative increase in RDW intensity of up to 185.4%. However, the higher the RDW intensity, the more likely the air plenum and the combustor were to be coupled, which shortened the range of stable operation. The RDW position under two RDEs were approximately 100 mm away from the combustor inlet. The percentages of pressure feedback and pressure pulsation in the air plenum were defined to evaluate the extent of pressure feedback. The results show that a higher RDW intensity in the CC-RDE led to a greater pressure pulsation in the air plenum. When the unstable mode appeared, the pressure feedback further increased. The heat flux of the combustor was also measured to assess the thermal environment of the RDE. The rates of chemical reaction and energy release were higher when the CC-RDE was used, and the average heat flux increased by 40.2% compared with that of the AC-RDE. Moreover, the specific thrust of the CC-RDE was increased by 40.3%.