bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multinomial Logistic Regression model to measure the customer preferences respect to the pharmaceutical sector: case Ambato, Ecuador
Authors: Valencia Edison R. , Bonifaz Álvaro J.
Published: February 2024

Context: The investigation includes the Ecuadorian pharmaceutical market from the business competitive point of view, focusing on the service offered by the Farmacias Cruz Azul and Farmacias Económicas franchises. Aims: To determine the main variables that influence the consumer's choice, in the pharmaceutical sector, and generate a predictive model of competitive analysis. Methods: Through the Multinomial Logistic Regression Model was obtained the significant variables that helped to predict the customer’s pharmacy choice. The study was conducted in the zone number 3, center of the country, whose sample was calculated based on the infinite population formula. A total of 393 clients were surveyed in the main public and private health centers. Results: After establishing the dependent variable "Choice of Pharmacy"; Of the eight variables under study, the relevant independent variables were: Reason for choice, Fidelity and Low prices with a level of significance of 0.003, 0.001 and 0.000, respectively. Final variables and introduced to the regression model; which resulted, a probability of 16.82% that customers go to Farmacias Cruz Azul, 77.12% to choose Farmacias Económicas, and only 0.63% to go to another pharmacy, including independent. Conclusions: The Multinomial Logistic Regression Model was useful to predict the probability of choice of pharmacy, which a client has according to variables that represent service; allowing also to perform key simulations for the continuous improvement of the sector, planning and competitive analysis.
Diuretic activity of methanolic extracts from Jodina rhombifolia aerial parts on Wistar rats
Authors: Teves Mauricio R. , Pacheco Pablo H. , Bazán Cristian , Wendel Graciela H.
Published: February 2024

Context: Jodina rhombifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Reissek (Santalaceae) it´s used in folk medicine for treat a great diversity of health problems. Aims: To evaluate the diuretic activity of aerial parts methanolic extract (leaves, bark, phloem, and branches of approximately three years) in Wistar rats. Methods: The experimentation was organized with a negative control group (saline solution), a positive control (furosemide; 10 mg/kg) and for each methanolic extract were established three groups of animals that received doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of weight in normal saline solution. Results: The maximum diuretic activity observed in-group administered with leaves methanolic extract followed of phloem extract. The dose 250 mg/kg of leaves methanolic extract was the more potent and equally important, result the dose 500 mg/kg, which supposes an interesting excretor effect of water for a phytodiuretic. These registers of diuresis in Wistar rats did not show significant statistically results with the positive control group. Furthermore, the onset of diuretic activity of leaves methanolic extract was extremely rapid, within the first hour of administration (for all doses). Conclusions: This study contributes to scientific validation of the ethnomedical use of this botanic species in folk medicine of South America as a diuretic agent, although further studies are necessary to evaluate the mechanisms involved in biological activity and safety following repeated use.
Anti-hyperuricemic and neuroprotective effects of Populus nigra L. (Saliacaceae) flower buds used in Algerian folk medicine
Authors: Debbache-Benaida Nadjet , Berboucha Meriem , Ayouni Karima , Atmani Dina , Nassima Cheraft , Boudaoud Hania , Djebli Noureddine , Atmani Djebbar
Published: February 2024

Context: Populus nigra L., is a species of cottonwood poplar that belongs to the Salicaceae family, is cultivated in multiple areas in Algeria, with an Algerian name of Safsaf. Aims: To evaluate the Populus nigra flower buds extract for its effects on brain modifications against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity in mice. The hypouricemic action of the extract was also evaluated. Methods: To evaluate the effect of extract on AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity on mice a battery of tests was performed to assess a spectrum of learning and memory functions. The hypouricemic action of the extract was studied by the measure of uric acid levels and liver xanthine oxidoreductase activity in normal and hyperuricemic mice. Results: Co-administration of P. nigra extract (200 mg/kg) and AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/day) combined with D-galactose (200 mg/kg/day) during four weeks was found to antagonize the harmful effects of AlCl3 by restoring all the test parameters. Moreover, extract restored the pyramidal cells to near normal in cerebral cortex of mice. Extract, when administered three times orally to the normal and oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice, was able to elicit significantly hypouricemic effect comparable to that of allopurinol. Conclusions: P. nigra flower buds extract can be considered as food enabling to antagonize AlCl3 toxicity and to control serum uric acid levels.
Subacute toxicological profile of Caladium bicolor Aiton (Araceae) methanolic leaf extract in rat
Authors: Akhigbemen Abigail M. , Ozolua Raymond I. , Bafor Enitome E. , Okwuofu Emmanuel O.
Published: February 2024

Context: Caladium bicolor is used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of convulsions without any scientific information of its safety profile following repeated administration. Aims: To evaluate the sub-acute toxicological profile of the methanol leaf extract of C. bicolor. Methods: Oral acute toxicity test was done using Lorke’s method. Oral sub-acute toxicity was done for 28 days, with hematological, biochemical and histological markers of toxicity evaluated. Results: The results showed no significant change in the organ weights of rats. Hematological indices were comparable with control groups except for a slight increase in monocyte levels (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels when compared to the control. However, there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), levels in the rats treated with the extract. There were no significant differences in the values of serum lipids. Photomicrographs of the heart, lungs, brain, spleen, and liver showed no abnormalities, but in the kidneys, focal infiltrate of lymphocytes disrupting the renal tubules and interstitium were observed at 400 mg/kg/day. Conclusions: The methanolic extract of C. bicolor appears safe; however, prolonged use might lead to renal failure.
Hepatoprotective properties from the seaweed Bryothamnion triquetrum (S.G.Gmelin) M.A.Howe against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats
Authors: Vidal Novoa Alexis de J. , de Oliveira e Silva Ana M. , Portari Mancini Dalva A. , Díaz Gutiérrez Daylín , Mancini-Filho Jorge
Published: February 2024

Context: Seaweeds are seen as a traditional food and folk medicine by different coastal countries. The red seaweed Bryothamnion triquetrum is a widely distributed species that grows in shallow waters, and different authors have demonstrated a possible application of the seaweeds as a source of natural antioxidants and relative diseases. Aims: To evaluate the hepatoprotective properties on CCl4-induced oxidative stress in rats that were associated with the antioxidant activity from the polyphenol-rich fractions of the red seaweed Bryothamnion triquetrum. Methods: Polyphenols were determined by Folin-Cioacalteu. Antioxidant activity from phenolic compounds-rich fractions was measured by different assays (DPPH, Reducing power, β-Carotene/linoleic acid assay and Inhibition of lipoperoxidation). Aqueous extract from B. triquetrum was administered during 20 days to rats and submitted CCl4-Induced oxidative damage. The peroxidation and hepatic damage (TBARS, ASAT and ALAT), antioxidant metabolite and enzymes (glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase) were evaluated. Also, it was evaluated the expression of antioxidant enzymes by RT-PCR. Results: The antioxidant activity determined by different assays with polyphenolic fractions. Free Phenolic Acid was more active: DPPH, 20 µg 87%; Reducing power OD = 0.490, 20 µg ; β-carotene/linoleic acid 1 µg 53%, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation 0.250 µg 100%. Rats treated displayed lower liver TBARS, ASAT and ALAT than CCl4-treated group and catalase activity was increased. It was demonstrated expression of catalase. Conclusions: Data suggest that Bryothamnion triquetrum protects the liver against oxidative stress by modulating its antioxidant enzymes and oxidative status with potential use as phytodrug or functional food.
Exploring knowledge and attitudes toward the hepatitis B virus: an internet-based study among Vietnamese healthcare students
Authors: Vo Trung Quang , Nguyen Thanh Le Hoang , Pham Mai Ngoc
Published: February 2024

Context: Hepatitis B is a serious global public health problem, especially in developing countries such as Vietnam. Many studies worldwide have focused on health care workers, a population at high risk of infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), but there is little research that explores the high levels of risk faced by health care students. Aims: To assess the knowledge and attitudes of Vietnamese undergraduate students toward hepatitis B vaccination. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1291 Vietnamese healthcare students between November 2017 and March 2018 via social media. Results: The mean score for knowledge was 4.0 ± 0.4, and the mean score for attitude was lower (3.5 ± 0.6). Levels of knowledge were higher (p<0.001) among sixth-year students, students who had been vaccinated, and students attending public universities. Most participants were well-informed about the diseases caused by HBV, with 1128 (87.4%) agreeing that HBV infection can lead to liver cancer. Nevertheless, 259 students believed that HBV cannot be spread by sharing a toothbrush with an infected person, and 18.7% thought that asymptomatic carriers are incapable of transmitting HBV. Conclusions: Although students had adequate knowledge of HBV, their scores for attitude and their rates of vaccination were low. This study therefore recommends improving the knowledge and attitudes of health care students through orientation and sensitization programs and improvements in their educational environment.
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry characterization and antinociceptive effects of the ethanolic extract of the leaves from Clusia minor L.
Authors: Mangas Raisa , Reynaldo Gledys , Dalla Vecchia Maria T. , Aver Kendely , Piovesan Leonardo G. , Bello Adonis , Rodeiro Idania , Malheiros Angela , de Souza Marcia M. , Menéndez Roberto
Published: February 2024

Context: The search of new substances with analgesic properties has grown in the last years. Brazil and Cuba have a big biodiversity allowing the study of several plants with potential pharmacological activities. Aims: To evaluate the chemical composition and potential antinociceptive effect of the ethanolic extract from Clusia minor L. leaves (Clusiaceae) in mice. Methods: Phytochemical characterization was performed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Antinociceptive effect was evaluated using acetic acid, formalin, hot plate, and capsaicin models. Mechanical hypernociception was induced by intraplantar carrageenan, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and prostagladin E2 (PGE2) and responses were measured after 3 h of injection. Results: Mass Spectrometry analysis allowed the identification of 16 compounds. Fatty acid derivatives, steroids, triterpenoids, and vitamin E were the main findings. The most abundant sterol was β-sitosterol (14.04%); followed by the triterpenes α-amyrin (11.94%), and β-amyrin (7.82%). Vitamin E represented the 8.44% of the total identified compounds. The evaluation of the acetic acid-induced nociception model showed that the extract was effective in reducing pain in a dose-dependent manner. This resulted in a maximal inhibition of 53 ± 4%. The extract was also effective in other pain models. Additionally, the extract presented a considerable inhibition of paw mechanical hypernociception. Conclusions: The data suggest that the antinociceptive effect of Clusia minor occurs by interaction of various mechanisms; which probably take places via central and peripheral pathway. Therefore, modulating the inflammatory and neurogenic pain.
Synergistic effect of Rhopalurus junceus scorpion venom combined with conventional cytostatics in cervical cancer cell line HeLa
Authors: Yglesias-Rivera Arianna , Rodríguez-Sánchez Hermis , Díaz-García Alexis
Published: February 2024

Context: Venom from endemic scorpion of Cuba, Rhopalurus junceus, decreases the viability of epithelial cancer cells and has negligible cytotoxic effect on normal cells. Conventional chemotherapy induces unspecific cytotoxic effect against cancer and normal cells. Pharmacological interaction of this scorpion venom with conventional cytostatics is unknown. Aims: To evaluate the cytotoxic effect of combined treatment of Rhopalurus junceus scorpion venom and conventional cytostatics in the cervical cancer and kidney normal cell line HeLa and Vero, respectively. Methods: Both cell lines were treated alone with different concentrations of 5-fluoruracil (0.5, 5, 50, 500 and 5000 µM), doxorubicin (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 µM) and cisplatin (3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 µM) or combined with ½IC50 in HeLa (0.5 mg/mL) of scorpion venom. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The combination index and dose reduction index at different concentration levels were generated by CompuSyn software. Results: Rhopalurus junceus scorpion venom exerted synergic effect in HeLa cancer cell line when combined with 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin and doxorubicin at 0.5 - 500 µM, 3.13 - 25 µM and 0.005 - 5 µM, respectively. Meanwhile, higher concentration levels of cytostatics combined with scorpion venom induced antagonist effects. Besides, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin and doxorubicin as single treatment and combined with scorpion venom did not showed significant differences respect to cell viability in Vero cells. Conclusions: Rhopalurus junceus scorpion venom is able to potentiate selectively the cytotoxicity, at low concentrations of chemotherapy drugs, against the cervical cancer cell line HeLa.
Development of nano-sized ketoprofen lysine incorporated Eudragit® S100 nanomedicine by double emulsion solvent evaporation and in vitro characterization
Authors: Öztürk A. Alper , Çinar Nur İlge , Yenilmez Evrim
Published: February 2024

Context: Pain has a very important effect on the biological, psychological, sociological and economic situation of a patient. Nanoparticles (NPs) are being extensively investigated as drug delivery systems worldwide for pharmaceutical applications. Aims: To design and compare the release characteristics of sustained-release formulations of ketoprofen lysine (KL) NPs. Methods: KL-Eudragit® S100 NPs were produced by double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The physicochemical characteristics of NPs were studied. Results: Particle size of NPs prepared was in the range of 99 and 141 nm. Encapsulation efficiency (%) was obtained (76%) for NP formulations prepared. Weibull models were determined to be the most appropriate kinetic models for NP containing KL. KL-loaded NPs demonstrated nanostructural character and NPs showed extended release of KL. Conclusions: NPs developed were found to be stable and representing a promising system for sustained delivery of KL.
Hepatoprotective activity of 2-piperidone isolated from leaf extracts of Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk.) Asch. ex Schweinf in carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Mamillapalli Vani , Shaik Abdul Rahaman , Avula Prameela Rani
Published: February 2024

Context: Liver disorders have become a common problem worldwide. The drugs available currently for the treatment are few with serious side effects. Since phytochemicals have proven to be potential therapeutic agents, an attempt has been made to screen novel hepatoprotective agents from the leaves of the medicinally ignored plant Talinum portulacifolium. Aims: To evaluate the phytoconstituents of Talinum portulacifolium responsible for hepatoprotective activity in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity models both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The hepatic damage was assessed in vitro by serum marker enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase followed by in vivo histopathological examination. Results: The results of the study indicate that the plant hydroalcoholic and acetone extracts at 500 mg/kg and compound 2-piperidone at 0.5 mg/kg exhibited equipotent results in the reduction of biochemical marker enzymes (p<0.01. p<0.05 and p<0.001) significantly compared to standard drug silymarin. The histopathological studies further supported that compound 2-piperidone showed better regeneration of damaged hepatocytes compared to standard. The possible mechanism of action may be due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E induced endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Conclusions: The present study reveals that the hepatoprotective activity of leaf hydroalcoholic and acetone extracts may be due to the presence of 2-piperidone. As it showed equipotent potential to standard drug silymarin, it can be further developed as a hepatoprotective drug.
Benefits of zinc supplementation on the metabolic, redox and trace elements status in mild diabetic rats
Authors: Gómez Tahiry , Bequer Leticia , Molineda Ángel , Molina José L , Álvarez Alain O , Lavastida Mayrelis , Cruz Geidy , Freire Cindy , Clapés Sonia
Published: February 2024

Context: The function of zinc in the diabetes prevention, its management and complications are not clear. Aim: To determine the effect of zinc supplementation on the metabolic, redox and trace element status in mild diabetic Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-two female Wistar rats equally distributed in four groups were studied: C: Control, CZn: Control-Zn-supplemented, D: Diabetic, DZn: Diabetic-Zn-supplemented. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ-100 mg/kg-sc, second postnatal day). In adulthood, the corresponding groups were supplemented with zinc sulfate (ZnSO4x7H2O-100 mg/kg) for 14 days. Results: Zn supplementation in diabetic rats: -alleviated diabetes markers such as HbA1C, HOMA cell-β index, tolerance to glucose and insulin, polydipsia and polyuria; -decreased the Cu/Zn ratio levels in serum and tissues; -in liver and kidney improved excessive accumulation of Cu and increased the Zn concentrations, without causing toxicity; -increased the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in liver and kidney and decreased the malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver, without changes in advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP); -evidenced negative correlation between tissue levels of Zn Vs MDA and AOPP. Conclusions: Zn supplementation favored glycemic control in rats with moderate diabetes, contributing to recovery of the metabolic, redox and trace elements status. Regulation of diabetes complications was associated with the antioxidant action of Zn. Nutritional supplementation with zinc may be suggested to prevent complications of diabetes in conditions of deficiency of this micronutrient.
The oxidative stress index in human population with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Núñez Sellés Alberto J. , Mañon Rossi Wilfredo I. , Núñez Musa Rodolfo , Guillén Marmolejos Rafael , Martínez-Sánchez Gregorio
Published: February 2024

Context: A clinical study was conducted in a cohort of human subjects from 60 to 75 years of age in order to assess the correlation between disease diagnosis and oxidative stress (OS) damage in diabetes mellitus (DM) and arterial hypertension (AHT). Aims: To provide a sound basis to design a clinical protocol for antioxidant adjuvant therapy for DM and AHT. Methods: The values of the OS index were determined from the experimental values of biomarkers in erythrocyte lysates obtained from human blood samples including total antioxidant levels, specific biomarkers of oxidative damage, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Three study groups were formed: Group I: DM patients (110 subjects), group II: AHT patients (112 subjects); and Control group: Healthy volunteers (123 subjects). The data of all groups were analyzed using SPSS 9.0 software. A nonparametric Friedman test was used to compare several related subgroups, and changes within the groups and subgroups were tested using the Wilcoxon paired test. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to estimate significant differences (p<0.05) between the subgroups. Results: Severe OS was observed in subgroup IIc (AHT III), moderate OS was observed in subgroups Ib (DM II) and IIb (AHT II), mild OS was observed in subgroup Ia (DM I), and no OS was observed in subgroup IIa (AHT I). Conclusions: The results support the possible design of clinical trial protocols for adjuvant antioxidant therapy in order to increase the efficacy of standard therapies for AHT II and III and for DM II. Antioxidant therapies for DM I and AHT I are not recommended due to the presence of only mild OS or no OS, respectively.
Modeling and optimization of jojoba oil extraction yield using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Al-Sheikh Iyad , Yamin Jehad A.A.
Published: February 2024

Context: Jordan is looking for a cheap and locally affordable source for its cosmetics, fuel and medical applications. Jojoba offers one solution to such problems. It is considered as a good medicinal plant that can be used for several applications. Aims: To evaluate the effect of parameters as mixing speed, temperature, feedstock grain size, mixture ratio and mixing time on the jojoba yield. Methods: The mathematical model combining the effect of all the above variables was then used to find the optimum combination for maximum yield. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique was used for modeling and optimization. Based on the Pareto chart of parameters effect, the seed size was the most significant followed with temperature effect. Results: It was found that the optimum values obtained for best yield were seed size of about 0.48 mm, the temperature of about 65°C and mixing time of 2.8 hours maximum yield of about 56% wt can be obtained. Conclusions: A mathematical model was successfully built and tested for the Jojoba oil yield under different conditions. The optimum parameters that produced the highest yield were also found.
Ethyl acetate extract of Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schrad. fruit suppresses angiogenesis
Authors: Gaikwad Mayuri , Shirsat Vaishali , Bulbule Mrunal , Kalekar Samidha , Munshi Renuka
Published: February 2024

Context: Anti-angiogenesis is a targeted therapy that uses drugs or other substances to stop tumors from making new blood vessels. Citrullus colocynthis is a medicinal plant that has anticancer property mediated by apoptosis. Aims: To evaluate the anti-angiogenic potential of C. colocynthis fruits extract through chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Methods: For the CAM assay, heparin (an anti-angiogenic agent) was used as a positive control, and quercetin (Q) as the marker compound in the extracts to demonstrate the inhibition of angiogenesis. The reduction in the number of blood vessels in each area and in each image was used as a measure to determine the anti-angiogenic activity of the extract. Results: From the results of phytochemical screening, the polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the ethyl acetate extract were 0.6708 mg equivalent of gallic acid per gram of the dry extract and 7.65 mg equivalent of Q per gram of the dry extract, respectively. From the results of CAM assay, Q caused marked reduction in the formation of new blood vessels. Similarly, ethyl acetate extract of C. colocynthis fruits (50 µg/mL) showed 53.52% inhibition of blood vessel formation in the CAM vasculature, whereas 25 µg/mL of Q exhibited 64.78% inhibition. The analysis with Bonferroni’s post-hoc test showed statistically significant difference at p<0.0001, with respect to the positive control, heparin. The EC50 values obtained by non-linear regression analysis using GraphPad Prism software 8.1.2 were 14.74 µg/mL (Q) and 44.13 µg/mL (ethyl acetate fruit extract of C. colocynthis). Conclusions: Ethyl acetate extract of C. colocynthis fruits demonstrated potential angiogenesis suppression activity.
Phytochemical analysis, and antioxidant, anti-hemolytic and genoprotective effects of Quercus ilex L. and Pinus halepensis Mill. methanolic extracts
Authors: Meziti Hicham , Bouriche Hamama , Kada Seoussen , Demirtas Ibrahim , Kizil Murat , Senator Abderrahmane
Published: February 2024

Context: Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis are largely used in Algerian folk medicine as a remedy for different health problems. Aims: To determine the phytochemical composition as well as to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-hemolytic and genoprotective effects of Quercus ilex root bark extract (QIE) and Pinus halepensis young ovulate cones extract (PHE). Methods: Methanolic extracts were prepared by maceration. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids were quantified spectrophotometrically and identified by HPLC analysis. In vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts was assessed by determining the DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging activities and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP). Protective effect of the extracts against AAPH-induced erythrocyte hemolysis was assessed. pBluescript M13 (+) plasmid DNA was used as oxidation target to evaluate DNA protective effect of the extracts. Results: Considerable phenolic compounds and flavonoids contents were found in the studied extracts. Catechin and phenolic acids (4-hydoxybenzoic, caffeic, coumaric, ferulic and gentisic acids) were identified in QIE, while catechin and cinnamic acid were identified in PHE. Both extracts scavenge DPPH radical with IC50 values of 5.67 µg/mL and 18.87 µg/mL, respectively. Antioxidant capacity against ABTS radical was 4.13 and 1.15 mM Trolox equivalent/mg extract. The two extracts also showed a considerable ferric reducing ability with 1.98 and 8.55 mM FeSO4/mg extract, respectively. On the other hand, both extracts exerted a significant protective effect against AAPH-induced erythrocyte hemolysis and DNA protective activities were noticed. Conclusions: Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis extracts are important sources of bioactive compounds possessing important antioxidants, antihemolytic and genoprotective effects.
In vitro antioxidant capacity of Euphorbia retusa Forssk. from Algerian desert
Authors: Lahmadi Selwa , Belhamra Mohamed , Karoune Samira , Kechebar Mohamed Seif Allah , Bensouici Chawki , Kashi Imad , Mizab Ouahiba , Ksouri Riadh
Published: February 2024

Context: Euphorbia retusa Forssk. is a medicinal plant, which traditionally is used in Algerian Sahara for treatment of infantile eczema, warts and trichiasis. Aims: To evaluate phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of methanolic extracts from stems, leaves and seeds of Euphorbia retusa. Methods: Total phenolic and flavonoids were analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride assays, respectively using gallic acid (GA) and quercetin (Q) as standard compounds. Antioxidant capacity was studied in vitro by using DPPH and ABTS cation radical scavenging, cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and reducing power assays, followed by identification of phenolic compounds of seeds by mean of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). Results: Methanolic extracts of E. retusa seeds had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents with 315.50 ± 1.41 µg GA equivalent/mg dry extract and 91.83 ± 8.18 µg Q equivalent/mg dry extract, respectively. Identification of phenolic compounds from seeds revealed that epigallocatechin 3-O- gallate was the major flavonoid. This organ showed the highest activity in the assays of DPPH (IC50 = 7.20 ± 0.25 µg/mL), ABTS (IC50 < 6.25 µg/mL), CUPRAC (A0.5 = 10.64 ± 0.99 µg/mL) and reducing power (A0.5 = 11.84 ± 1.72 µg/mL). Conclusions: Euphorbia retusa seeds have an antioxidant capacity that could be useful in pharmacological and medicinal fields
Antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of in vitro and field-grown Iceberg lettuce extracts
Authors: Younus Iqra , Ismail Hammad , Rizvi Chahat Batool , Dilshad Erum , Saba Kiran , Mirza Bushra , Waheed Mohammad Tahir
Published: February 2024

Context: Iceberg lettuce is a nutrient rich edible crop containing vitamin B6, thiamin and folate. The increasing demand of natural products is moving the focus towards in vitro plant sources as factories for producing important secondary metabolites. Aims: To evaluate the activities of in vitro propagated callus culture and field-grown of Iceberg lettuce, which can act as an alternate source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Methods: The extracts were made with methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water for field-grown as well as in vitro cultured Iceberg lettuce plants and evaluated for their medicinal potential both in vitro and in vivo in rats. Results: Total flavonoid and phenolic contents of plant extracts showed strong positive correlation with their antioxidant activities. The highest contents of flavonoids and phenolics were present in the methanolic extract of field-grown leaves. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of examined samples in rats were observed as field-grown leaves extracts > callus extracts > regenerated shoots extracts. However, all of these activities in the extracts of callus culture were comparable to that of field-grown plant extracts. Conclusions: This study showed that field-grown plants are comparably rich source of secondary metabolites, which showed multiple pharmacological activities in a significant way.
The GC-MS fingerprints of Nicotiana tabacum L. extract and propensity for renal impairment and modulation of serum triglycerides in Wistar rats
Authors: Sulaiman Faoziyat A. , Sulaiman Faoziyat A. , Yusuf Babalola O. , Muritala Hamdalat F. , Adeyemi Sherif B. , Omar Sikemi A. , Dosumu Kehinde A. , Adeoti Zainab J. , Adegbesan Oluwafunmilayo A. , Busari Basirat O. , Otohinoyi David A. , Rotimi Damilare , Batiha Gaber E. , Adeyemi Oluyomi S.
Published: February 2024

Context: Nicotiana tabacum is an herbaceous plant mostly known as tobacco. Locally, people do extract this plant with cow urine, they call it “Adimenu” and they claimed it is effective in managing various ailments, even with taking just a spoonful of the extract. Thus, profiling the toxicity and or otherwise of the cow-urine extracted tobacco plant cannot be overemphasized. Aims: To characterize the cow urine extracts of N. tabacum and evaluated the sub-acute toxicity of smokeless exposure in male Wistar rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into groups and exposed to different doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) of N. tabacum extract for 7 and 28 days, after which the animals were sacrificed for the biochemical assays. Results: The GC-MS analysis revealed 21 compounds in the N. tabacum extract. As expected, nicotine was predominant among the identified compounds. The sub-acute exposure of rats to cow-urine extract of N. tabacum extract might have altered rat metabolic homeostasis, triggering adaptive mechanisms, while impairing renal functions. The N. tabacum extract also modulated (p<0.05) rat serum lipid profile when compared with control. Conclusions: Findings in this study suggest that the cow-urine extract of N. tabacum exposure in male Wistar rats might have perturbed rat renal functions as well as modulated serum lipid profile. This research, therefore, recommends to local consumers to be cautious of the rate at which they consume their regular “Adimenu”.
Facial biostimulation with PRP activated with ozone resound on cellular redox balance, improves lipoatrophy and quality of life in HIV patients
Authors: Gil-del Valle Lizette , Acosta Suarez Miguel A. , Rabeiro-Martinez Carlos L. , Gravier-Hernández Rosario , González-Abreu María C. Hernández , Bermúdez-Alfonso Yusimit , Rosa-Font Mayda , Campos-Díaz Jorge , Hernández-Requejo Daymé , Martínez-Sánchez Gregorio , Weiser Mark T.
Published: February 2024

Context: Pathogenic impact of high-grade local and systemic oxidative stress in antiretroviral treated HIV patients are recognized factor influencing in lipodystrophy, which is proposed can be ameliorate with platelet rich plasma (PRP). Aims: To determine the efficacy and safety of ozone and calcium activated PRP application in lipoatrophy- AIDS Cuban individuals. Methods: Thirty HIV individuals enrolled in quasi experimental prospective study showed lipoatrophy grade from 1 to 3. A mean volume interval of 8 to 22.2 mL of PRP was injected in 5 interventions during a year. The clinical, chemical, oxidative stress and progression indexes determinations were performed prior to injections and at 6 and 12 months after. Also, questionnaires based on Short Form 36, Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey were assessed. Different statistical analyses were done comparing baseline respect final values of variables. Results: Beneficial improve of lipoatrophy grade (p<0.05) and stabilization in global indexes of damage and antioxidant status at the end of the study was demonstrated. The comparison revealed a significantly smaller damage and higher antioxidant status compared to baseline values (p<0.05). Non-significant modifications were observed in hematological and chemical indexes (p˃0.05), respect quality of life 75% of three dimensions improved and depressive symptoms decreased. Non-adverse reactions were observed during the study period. Conclusions: These results corroborate that beneficial amelioration of oxidative stress occurs in lipoatrophy AIDS patients during effective and safety PRP-ozone facial bioestimulation. Integral diagnosis would be worthwhile to conduct a more comprehensive study and manage of lipoatrophy.
Quercetin through mitigation of inflammatory response and oxidative stress exerts protective effects in rat model of diclofenac-induced liver toxicity
Authors: Nouri Ali , Heidarian Esfandiar , Amini-khoei Hossein , Abbaszadeh Saber , Basati Gholam
Published: February 2024

Context: Diclofenac (DIC) is known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties but liver toxicity is one of the main targets to use this drug. Previous studies have demonstrated that quercetin may decrease the toxicity of synthetic drugs. Aim: To assess the protective effect of quercetin against DIC-induced liver toxicity in rats. Methods: The rats exposed to DIC (50 mg/kg; i.p.) were treated with different doses of quercetin (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg). The levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), intracellular glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) in the liver tissue were assessed. Results: Results indicated a significant decline in above-mentioned factors in DIC-alone treated group compared to the control group. Also, levels of the triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), nitrite content, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA), serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated and results indicted remarkable elevation in these factors in DIC-alone treated group compared to the control group. Treatment with quercetin caused a significant elevation in GPx, SOD, GSH, CAT and a significant reduction in levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, total bilirubin, ALP, nitrite content, ALT, MDA, serum TNF-α, serum IL-1β, AST and inflammatory cytokines in DIC-alone treated group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Histopathological alterations were also improved following quercetin administration. Conclusions: Quercetin may exert a protective effect against DIC-induced liver toxicity in rats through mitigation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
A screening of anti-breast cancer effects and antioxidant activity of twenty medicinal plants gathered from Chaharmahal va Bakhtyari province, Iran
Authors: Asadi-Samani Majid , Rafieian-Kopaei Mahmoud , Lorigooini Zahra , Shirzad Hedayatollah
Published: February 2024

Context: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers that causes substantial numbers of deaths among women, worldwide. Medicinal plants can be used for discovering new anti-breast cancer drugs. Aim: To investigate the antioxidant effects of twenty Iranian herbs and their anticancer effects against breast cancer cell lines (i.e. MDA-MB231 and MCF-7) compared with a non-cancerous human cell line (HDF). Methods: In this study, the plant samples were collected from different regions of Chaharmahal va Bakhtyari province in Iran and their hydroalcoholic (ethanol: water; 70:30) extracts prepared by maceration method. Antioxidant activity was investigated by DPPH with reference to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Anticancer effects were investigated by MTT colorimetric assay. Results: Most of the plants examined in this study had higher antioxidant activity than that of BHT. Satureja bachtiarica (37.27 ± 1.56 µg/mL), Plantago lanceolata (43.19 ± 4.67 µg/mL), Parietaria judaica (45.34 ± 8.08 µg/mL), Stachys inflata (53.70 ± 1.80 µg/mL), and Euphorbia szovitsii (55.78 ± 1.37 µg/mL) inhibited the DPPH free radicals in the lower concentration compared to BHT (120.48 ± 1.42 µg/mL) and other plants. MTT assay showed that the lowest IC50s values were observed for E. microsciadia and E. szovitsii among the examined plants on both breast cancer cell lines. There was no significant relationship between anticancer effects and antioxidant activity of the plants (p>0.05). Conclusions: The examined plants might be considered as valuable resources of natural compounds that may possess anti-breast cancer properties.
Optimizing the immobilization of biosurfactant-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in alginate beads
Authors: Dehghannoudeh Gholamreza , Kiani Kioomars , Moshafi Mohammad Hassan , Dehghannoudeh Negar , Rajaee Majid , Salarpour Soodeh , Ohadi Mandana
Published: February 2024

Context: Biosurfactants are amphipathic molecules that reduce surface tension. The major reasons to economically production of the biosurfactant are their health, safety, environmental management, and promising applications. Aims: To optimize the immobilization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a biosurfactant producer in alginate beads. Methods: Biosurfactant production by P. aeruginosa was confirmed through the hemolysis test, emulsification index, and surface activity measurement. Calcium alginate encapsulation technique was used in order to entrap the P. aeruginosa cells. Full factorial design was employed to optimize bead preparation. Furthermore, the morphology and the stability of beads were evaluated. Results: It was proved that immobilized cells can be preserved the viability and biosurfactant production. Application of full factorial design indicated that the values of three parameters sodium alginate 3%, CaCl2 1% (w/v), and hardening time of 35 min, was found to be too stable for minimum surface tension and stable alginate gel beads. Conclusions: The alginate gel beads showed stability during the growing process and the immobilized cells efficiently were viable. Alginate source, hardening time, and the interaction between CaCl2 concentration and hardening time influenced on the bead preparation.
Eremomastax speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod. (Acanthaceae) leaves aqueous extract eradicates Helicobacter pylori infection in mice
Authors: Siwe Gaël Tchokomeni , Maharjan Rukesh , Amang André Perfusion , Mezui Christophe , Zondegoumba Ernestine Nkwengoua , Akhtar Syed Shakeel , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal , Tan Paul Vernyuy
Published: February 2024

Context: Conventional treatments against Helicobacter pylori (the main cause of gastric ulcers) display some limitations because of resistance to antibiotics. Thus, elaboration of alternative treatments that are effective and with lower toxicity, remains a major challenge. Therefore, Eremomastax speciosa a plant with well-established antiulcer properties has been evaluated for its potential anti-H. pylori action. Aims: To investigate the possible anti-Helicobacter pylori properties of the aqueous extract of Eremomastax speciosa leaves. Methods: The air-dried leaves were powdered and infused using boiled distilled water. H. pylori isolates were obtained from gastric biopsies collected in the Civil hospital, Karachi. In vitro susceptibility tests against H. pylori were performed using microplate AlamarBlue® assay. MIC and MBC were then determined. A rapid in vivo H. pylori eradication test was performed on mice. Results: E. speciosa was found to be active against all H. pylori isolates with MIC at 8 mg/mL, and MBC above 32 mg/mL, indicating this extract as bacteriostatic. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed major alterations in H. pylori morphology after exposure to E. speciosa at active doses. H. pylori colonization in mice was eradicated in a dose-dependent manner by E. speciosa with significant differences at the doses of 200, and 400 mg/kg. Conclusions: These results suggest that aqueous extract of E. speciosa may contain some potent compounds, which could be used alone or in combination with other antibiotics against H. pylori infection, and further reinforce the therapeutic use of this medicinal plant for the management of gastric ulcers.
Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of essential oil of Achillea biebersteinii and its mode of action
Authors: Shuneigat Jehad M. Al- , Al- Sarayreh Sameeh A. , Al-Qudah Mahmoud A. , Al–Saraireh Yousef M.
Published: February 2024

Context: Microbial biofilms and antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains pose a challenge in clinical world as they fail to respond to conventional treatments. This failure of antibiotic treatment led researchers to look for alternatives. A possible alternative is plants derived essential oils. Many studies have reported that certain essential oils succeed where antibiotics fail. Aims: To test antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of essential oil of Achillea biebersteinii and its mode of action. Methods: Minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) susceptibility assays were performed using a biofilm inoculator with a 96-well plate with peg led. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined in normal microtitre plates using a twofold dilution series. Results: Achillea biebersteinii essential oil showed good activity against all tested bacteria. The MIC values were in the range of 0.125 - 1 mg/mL while MBIC values were in the range of 0.125 – 4 mg/mL. The mechanism of action of Achillea biebersteinii essential oil is related to a strong increase in membrane permeability of 260 nm absorbing materials and potassium ions from the cell membrane. Achillea biebersteinii essential oil was able to inhibit initial adherence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300) at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Conclusions: Achillea biebersteinii essential oil has the potential for use as an effective antibacterial and antibiofilm agent that functions by impairing cell membrane permeability resulting in cellular death.
Botanical and medicinal profile of aromatic and medicinal plants: Case of the Gharb region, Morocco
Authors: Bouayyadi Lahcen , Zidane Lahcen
Published: February 2024

Context: Medicinal plants remain a source of medical care in developing countries in the absence of an effective medical system. Aims: To establish the list and ethnobotanical characteristics of the most used plants in the Gharb region. Methods: A survey was conducted on more than 704 subjects from the region of which 52.5% were women. The average age of these informants was 41.57 ± 0.51 years and 82.95% were married. Results: The results of this study made it possible to draw up a catalog composed of 187 plant species, divided into 156 genera and grouped into 71 families. Otherwise, 47.44% of respondents confirmed having confidence in traditional medicine. The calculation of the use value showed that the latter varies between 1 and 9 possible uses. However, the Relative Frequency of Citation showed that some species display significant values reaching 9.49% for the species Eucalyptus globules Labill. In addition, the consensual factor of the survey showed a strong association between the most used species like Eucalyptus globules Labill.; Origanum compactum Benth.; Mentha pulegium L; Lavandula dentata L; Chenopodium ambrosioide L.; Marrubium vulgare L., Allium sativum L. and diseases treated by these plants, namely digestive and respiratory diseases. Conclusions: Phytotherapy is undoubtedly the main adopted medicine by the local population of the Gharb region, especially for the treatment of digestive diseases. Myrtaceae, Lamiaceae and Zingiberaceae, represent the most family’s plants mentioned by the respondents.
Protective effect of Erythrina senegalensis sequential extracts against oxidative stress in SC-1 fibroblasts and THP-1 macrophages
Authors: Yahaya Ewura S. , Cordier Werner , Steenkamp Paul A. , Steenkamp Vanessa
Published: February 2024

Context: Erythrina senegalensis (ES) DC. is used traditionally in the management of various free radical-related diseases, including wound healing. Aims: To evaluate sequentially prepared leaf extracts of ES for the ability to protect against oxidative stress in fibroblasts and macrophages. Methods: Sequential extracts were prepared using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water in increasing polarity. Chemical profiling was done with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Cytotoxic potential was determined using the sulforhodamine B staining assay, phase contrast, PlasDIC, and live/dead staining microscopy. The ability to scavenge the ABTS and DPPH free radicals was assessed, while the effect on AAPH-induced oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. Results: A previously reported compound (neobavaisoflavone), and three others (kaempferol, rutin, and rotenone) were tentatively detected. With regards to cytotoxicity, no IC50 could be determined up to the highest concentration tested (100 µg/mL) in both THP-1 and SC-1 cells. The methanol extract displayed the greatest antioxidant activity against the free radicals (IC50 = 44.86 µg/mL [ABTS]; 291.1 µg/mL [DPPH]) and AAPH-induced intracellular ROS in macrophages (1.0-fold reduction at 100 µg/mL). The protective effect of the extracts (1 – 100 µg/mL) was comparable to the positive control (Trolox), which decreased ROS by 1.30-fold at 5 µg/mL. Conclusions: A significant ability to protect against oxidative stress was exhibited by extracts from ES, with no observed cytotoxicity. Secondary metabolites from the plant may have potential for use as alternative medicines in ROS-induced diseases such as chronic wounds.