bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leptospirosis Transmission in Ponorogo District of East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Aditya Sukma Pawitra  , Khuliyah Candraning Diyanah  , Corie Indria Prasasti  , Moch Irfan Hadi  , M. Yusuf Alamudi
Published: June 2021

This study aims to identify Leptospira bacterial infection in livestock owners and their livestock, as well as to examine potential risk factors correlated with the incidence. 50 participants were selected and their blood samples were collected. 50 urine samples were collected from livestock owned by the participants. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to identify the existence of the Leptospira bacteria. The questionnaire instrument was used to obtain information about individual characteristics and hygiene. The Chi-Squared test was adopted to examine the correlation between outcome and explanatory variables. The confirmation PCR test detected the bacterial DNA in 2 out of 50 blood samples examined (4%) and 3 out of 50 urine samples examined (6%). Human leptospirosis incidence is significantly correlated with occupation type (p=0.035), personal protective equipment (PPE) use (p=0.044), water puddle contact (p=0.044), cage sanitation (p=0.044) and Leptospira bacteria presence in livestock urine (p=0.007). Insignificant correlation was showed in owners’ age variable. The presence of Leptospira bacteria both in livestock and the owners indicates the real threat of animal to human transmission. Further study with larger sample size and wider range variables and meticulous examination technique is required to comprehend the investigation.
TRANSLATIONS OF “DIWAN LUGAT-AL-TURK”
Authors:   Basic Doctoral Student Of The Department Of Classical Philology And Literary, Tashkent State University Of Oriental Studies, Sattorova Z.I.
Published: June 2021

Mahmud Kashgari's “Diwan lugat-al-turk” is a very unique encyclopedic source and has about 30 translations and publications. Especially in recent years, the full translation of the work into Russian and Kyrgyz, as well as the publication of new editions in Uzbek in 2016 and 2017, form the basis of new research on the divan. This article analyzes translations and editions of the work in foreign and Uzbek languages.
Anti-crisis financial management – component of industrial enterprise management
Authors: KOSTAKOVA Lina
Published: June 2021

In the course of the study, it was found that the factors of the internal and external environment produce a destabilizing effect on the activities of business entities. It has been established that anti-crisis financial management is a necessary attribute in overcoming the influence of negative factors and stabilizing the financial and economic activities of enterprises. On the basis of the conducted critical review, it was found that scientists consider anti-crisis financial management, on the one hand, as a separate direction of management, which is a set of financial methods for preliminary diagnostics and prevention of a financial crisis and aimed at effectively overcoming it, and on the other hand, as a component of the overall enterprise management. The place of anti-crisis financial management among such components as financial management of an enterprise and financial management of an enterprise is schematically determined, and interrelationships between them are established. A typical graph-tree of enterprise goals has been developed, which reflects the relationship of each stage of enterprise management by dividing them by the goals of the current level and outlined the tasks of anti-crisis financial management, the essence of which is to maintain a high level of liquidity and solvency indicators, ensure financial stability and financial balance of the enterprise, prevention of possible bankruptcy, formation of the structure of borrowed sources, and the like. It is proved that anti-crisis financial management should be considered in the context of a component of the general enterprise management system.
Innovative competence of the teacher of financial disciplines of the institution of professional preliminary education
Authors: NECHYPORENKO Tetiana , MUSIATOVSKA Liudmyla , MUSIATOVSKA Olena
Published: June 2021

The paper is devoted to the innovative competence of the teacher of financial disciplines of the institution of professional higher education. The definition of the concept of innovative competence in scientific sources is considered, the content and structure of this phenomenon are outlined. Innovative competence is understood as a mandatory competence of a specialist, without which it is impossible to effectively perform professional activities by a person, as it requires a willingness to change in connection with the constant innovations and modernizations taking place in society. The modern tendencies of development of professional higher education are covered and the character of pedagogical technologies with the use of innovative tools is analyzed. On the basis of generalization of thematic researches and practice separate offers concerning application of an innovative technique on a researched profile of preparation of the competitive expert are formulated. A review of current research suggests that the question of the importance and feasibility of introducing innovative pedagogical technologies in training to ensure a system of defined competencies of the modern specialist is axiomatic. The analyzed thematic literature sources show that the development of pedagogical technologies (content, nature, selection of tools) in the system of pedagogical science is proposed on the basis of the use of variable technologies. The innovative competence of the teacher is shown in the updated, more effective forms, ways, methods and, accordingly, qualitatively new results of educational activity which are received as a result of realization of innovations. More systematically innovative competence of the teacher is revealed in the content of components of its structure, which includes: social competence, motivational and value competence, theoretical and methodological competence, technological competence, information and communication competence, reflexive and regulatory competence.
Target cost management to ensure product quality
Authors: TKACHENKO Serhii , POTYSHNIAK Olena , POLIAKOVA Yevheniia
Published: June 2021

Improving the quality of finished products, as well as its provision, associated with costs at all stages of the production process of finished products, in the pre-production and post-production periods. The cost of quality assurance at the stage of the production process occupies a special place in the total cost of quality. Difficulties in estimating the cost of product quality assurance are that there is no experience in determining the production costs of quality assurance of finished products and that the number of influencing factors that must be taken into account in the manufacture of final products of a given level of quality in mass production. Ensuring the quality of products requires significant costs, which over time, given the growing requirements for the quality of finished products, will grow, which determines the need to develop a mechanism to link quality management of finished products with normalized costs to ensure its quality. An article devoted to this little-studied problem and aims to outline theoretical, methodological and practical ways to manage the cost of quality, their coordination in terms of ensuring a given level of quality of finished products. The problem of coordinating (managing) the costs of quality is dictated by the need to include in the case all the reserves and opportunities to improve efficiency and quality, including the ability to correctly calculate, analyze, evaluate and compare costs and results. The purposes of the article, justifying the need for an interdependent system of quality management indicators, is in line with the objectives of resource conservation, a sharp increase in economic efficiency of the production process and improve the quality of products. The scientific problem understood the role as the costs inflicted rocker economic (economic) efficiency mode of operation of the quality management system of finished products, the algorithm definition, calculation methods, detection, calculation, forecasting and control(coordination) costs of product quality.
Preventive risk management in the enterprise
Authors: ZAKHARCHUK Oksana , KOVALYK Oksana , KOVTUNENKO Kseniia
Published: June 2021

In modern conditions, when changes in the external environment occur quite often, the probability of risks increases, there is a need to study and develop a risk management system for each enterprise separately, depending on its specifics. The article considers the main definitions of risk, its impact on the company's activities. The main types of risks that arise in any direction of business activity are considered. The impact of these risks on the company's activities is determined. It is determined that each risk can be considered as a negative financial result of activity or the probability of loss of profit, as well as a positive result of activity in the form of additional unplanned profit. The article considers risk management at the enterprise as an integrated system. Each stage of the risk management process is considered as a separate element and as one component of the whole process. There are three approaches to risk management: adaptive, integrated, and preventive. One of the methods of risk management the article considers the preventive method, the mechanism of its implementation. Preventive management is considered from the point of view of a scientific approach as a process of developing and implementing coordinated preventive actions aimed at preventing and minimizing losses from the impact of possible risks on the enterprise. The main task of preventive management is defined, which is to identify and eliminate possible causes of risk. The use of the preventive method and its impact on the interrelation of each activity process are prescribed. It also describes the need to introduce preventive analysis and assess the impact of internal and external factors on business activities. It is determined that the active application of the risk management system using the preventive method, provided that it quickly responds to changes that occur during the company's activities, forms a risk prevention system that allows you to work continuously and covers all areas of activity of all structural divisions of the enterprise, changing the general principles and generally accepted management culture.
Public interest in administrative law
Authors: HALAI Mykhailo , KOSIAK Ihor
Published: June 2021

Today the concept of “public interest” plays a significant role in public law. It would then be important to define the concept for better understanding and application in administrative law.
The paper is devoted to the analysis of the definition of «public interest».
The uncertainty of the concept in the legislation is noted. The questions of genesis of concept of «interest» in law; division of right into private and public; division of interest into private and public interest. Considered views on the definition of interest in law. The exercise of public interest by organs of public administration by issuing administrative acts is specified. The meaning of public interest has been defined. The role of public interest in the activities of public administration bodies has been established. The importance of balancing individual and collective interests was emphasized. The types of public interest are defined, and the concept of public interest in administrative law is enshrined in domestic legislation. The ambiguity of the legal acts defining the types of public interest that are laid down in the legislation is indicated. Special features of public interest have been formed. It is further stated that the public interest is the content of the legal relationship between citizens and the public administration. The importance of State guarantees for the possibility of realizing a public interest has been established. With the help of the powers of the local State administrations, signs of public interest were examined. It has been established that it is possible for public authorities to define the concept of public interest. The use of types of public interest in legal proceedings, the safeguarding and realization of public interest by administrative law and the importance of a legislative definition of public interest have been proved.
The opinion defines the concept of public interest in administrative law as a set of private interests in administrative legal relations which (aggregate) It is provided by appropriate legal means and is implemented through executive administrative acts. In addition, the report indicates the main features of public interest.
Prerequisites for the formation of an anti-crisis management system at industrial enterprises
Authors: ІVCHENKO Yevhen , MARTYNOVA Liliia , MARTYNOV Аndrii
Published: June 2021

Introduction. The development of Ukraine's economy today takes place in an unstable market environment, continuous modernization of the regulatory and legal field of economic activity of enterprises and structural transformations of the financial and economic sphere. The systemic financial crisis and the high level of impact of negative factors of entrepreneurial activity cause an increase in the level of risk of financial crisis in enterprises. In this regard, the formation of an effective system of crisis management in industrial enterprises is of particular importance
The purpose of the paper is to study the determining factors and conditions of formation of the anti-crisis management system at the enterprises of the industrial sector of the economy of Ukraine.
Results. The paper considers the main prerequisites for the formation of a crisis management system at enterprises in the context of the systemic transformation of the external and internal components of the business environment, identifies problematic aspects of the crisis management system. It is established that industrial enterprises in Ukraine carry out their economic activities under the influence of a wide range of adverse factors of internal and external nature, which certainly requires further development of the crisis management component as an integral part of the overall management system. The main scientific approaches that reveal the essence of anti-crisis management, as well as the regulatory framework governing the mechanism of enterprise management in a crisis are studied. The study establishes the following basic principles of crisis management: early identification of crisis phenomena and the factors that cause them, rapid response to signs of crisis, use of internal potential and rehabilitation mechanisms to counter crisis phenomena, ensuring control over the effectiveness of crisis measures. As a result, of the study, the main approaches to the classification of crisis management tools in enterprises are identified, which is a prerequisite for the formation of a rational system of crisis management in enterprises.
Conclusion. It is established that further research can be aimed at determining the vector of development of the crisis management system in the transitive economic and legal system of management in Ukraine.
Human capital research in Ukraine: theoretical principles and applied aspects
Authors: POTAPOVA Maryna
Published: June 2021

Introduction. In the past, the wealth of a country was measured in gold and silver. Later, wealth started including means of production. Nowadays, the national wealth of a country includes three main components: natural capital, productive assets and human resources.
The purpose of this paper is to highlight historical aspects of assessing the wealth of countries, identify its most important components in the modern world, and analyze of the interests of young people in Ukraine in learning.
Results. The concept and composition of national wealth has undergone revision and transformation from the 18th century to the present day. Over time, in addition to gold, silver and means of production, human capital was added to its composition. Rich countries have a high share of produced and intangible assets compared to natural resources. The features of capital that are relevant to human capital, in contrast to human potential, are the ability to accumulate and generate income. For the emergence, as well as the productive functioning of human capital, it is necessary to create appropriate conditions. It is important to achieve a certain standard of living, have support of the state and non-state institutions, make available of modern and progressive knowledge and its effective transfer to the object of educational process, and create conditions for the preservation and development of human capital. Low wages in Ukraine are a primary cause of poverty. Since most European countries have a better standard of living and quality of life, many Ukrainians consider migration to be the only and the most reliable way to improve their lives. During 2015–2019, the share of young people who do not work, study or acquire professional skills amounted to about one sixth of the population aged 15–24.
Conclusion. Lack of education and/or high skills of a worker does not affect the level of wages in the cross-country comparison, thus Ukrainian youth loses motivation to learn. The territorial proximity of some regions of our country to Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Romania and higher wages there create favorable conditions for labor migration of young people. This situation stresses the need for appropriate measures at the state level.
Mechanism of the quality cost administration system
Authors: TKACHENKO Serhii , POTYSHNIAK Olena , POLIAKOVA Yevheniia
Published: June 2021

Strengthening the impact of the production and economic mechanism on increasing the economic efficiency of the production process and the quality of work is possible on the basis of choosing the most effective ways to achieve high end results of the national economic system of the country. One of these ways is the inclusion in the system of controlled parameters of the economic parameters of quality cost management, the use of which guarantees the quality coordination system to reach a given economically justified state. Adjustment of quality costs consists in maintaining the established proportions between the costs of quality assurance (quality) and the mismatch of work quality indicators, which is achieved by controlling the level of defects, maintaining certain conditions, rules and norms corresponding to the optimal mode of work on quality assurance and the optimal value costs. The quality assurance process is based on a classification represented by a range of activities aimed at ensuring the quality of tools, objects of labour, living labour and information data at all stages of the production process. The costing methodology is based on the selection of the costing object and costing units. Representation of work on quality assurance as an object of calculation, and hours of work or total amount of work as calculation units allows at the right time to present in value terms both the quality assurance process as a whole and the cost of quality for the product. The recommended mechanism of the cost management system in general is focused on a wide range of enterprises and associations, and its use allows to obtain the effect of minimizing the cost of quality, as well as improve the quality of work to ensure product quality, ice directly contribute to production efficiency and quality. Increase of economic benefit at the expense of cost control system solutions of the problem in the future is possible if its implementation on the basis of the theory of functional management development, conversion of static model into a dynamic coordination costs.
Constitutional control in the post-soviet states: general and distinctive features
Authors: ZAKOMORNA Kateryna , ROHOZIN Denys
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses a number of issues related to the structure, status and powers of constitutional control bodies in the post-Soviet countries. The differences between these institutions and the body of constitutional control of Ukraine are analyzed. Particular attention is focused on the key features of the constitutional review body in each of the countries. Thus, a key feature of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is its right to abolish normative legal acts not only at the federal level, but also by the subjects of the federation. Studying the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, it should be noted that the Constitutional Court of Belarus is empowered to decide issues on the compliance of acts of the Supreme Economic Court with the provisions of the Constitution. A key feature of the Kazakhstan constitutional review body is the powers it has been given to review only those laws passed by parliament that have not yet been signed by the President. A specific feature of the status of judges of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania is the consolidation of sufficiently high qualifications for candidates in the provisions of the Constitution. No judge can hold office for no more than one term, which is 9 years. The system of constitutional control in Georgia cannot boast of a large number of features. So, they include the absence of a separate section in the Constitution that would regulate the procedure for carrying out constitutional proceedings, as in most countries – only a separate article is devoted to this provision. On the basis of the conducted advancement of the proponation of the idea and the provision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, more importantly, from the dispute, the competence of the state bodies is based. It is proponated to propose the lineage of the seat of the court.
The concept and main characteristics of the corporate reputation of legal entities in Ukraine
Authors: SKOROPYSOVA Natalia
Published: June 2021

The paper examines issues related to the origin of the concept of «business reputation of legal entities» in legal science. This concept, on the one hand, acts as a moral and philosophical category, and on the other, it is an object of civil rights and intangible benefits. This is explained by the most important role in the system of ensuring, implementing and protecting the rights and freedoms of subjects of civil legal relations.
It is specified that the level of protection and the degree of protection of intangible benefits appropriate to legal entities reflects the level of development of the category of civil society, the legal and social model of any state. It is difficult to imagine the successful activity of a legal entity without a positive business reputation. The results of economic activity depend on how the given subject of law is perceived by the counterparties (existing and potential).
The main approaches to determining business reputation in the system of intangible benefits are analyzed. The legal nature of business reputation and its constituent elements in the context of the category of intangible goods, as an integral element of the civil category, are determined. Indeed, at present, in the conditions of the development of a free market economy and high competition, the protection of the business reputation of a legal entity is one of the main factors affecting the establishment and support of successful and stable business activities.
The thesis is substantiated that business reputation has become a valuable asset of a legal entity with property content, which can be valued in monetary terms and used to generate profit (goodwill). The analysis of legal practice regarding the grounds for satisfying a claim for the protection of business reputation and situations of challenging the adopted court decisions is carried out.
Despite the legislative gaps, the paper expresses the opinion that the business reputation of a legal entity requires proper legal regulation, which would take into account the needs of these subjects of law, the specifics of their public relations and would be able to regulate issues related to the protection of the right of a legal entity to business reputation.
Functionally enhanced quality assurance incentives
Authors: TKACHENKO Serhii , POTYSHNIAK Olena , POLIAKOVA Yevheniia
Published: June 2021

In theory, the role and value of prizes in the economic mechanism is not controversial. It is now established order in which the incentive funds formed by stable regulations approved differentiated in size from year to year development cycle, the main indicator is the plan of product supply contracts, increased productivity, improved quality prepared products, growth in net profit. So there is every reason to believe the introduction of long-term wage standards for the hryvnia to strengthen product allows interest groups to increase productivity and reduce employee turnover, improved promotion procedure for combining professions, with high rates of labour initiative for implementing reasonable standards. In practice, the issue of incentives is of great interest and is constantly in the spotlight. The aim – to present one possible incentive works and those working in the system to ensure product quality in terms of increasing the responsibility of working for the final results. The formation stimulation funds spent; in fact they are regulated current set order. The distribution fund to encourage formation size of bonus payments and working units is quite controversial. This approach to the distribution system of bonus payments for quality work allows retransmit the incentive oriented, the final results of the enterprise as a whole to each worker. For workers with decentralized formation of the material incentive fund in the main production shops, it is recommended to increase the size of the incentive fund, for the shop provided an increase in the number of workers working with a personal stamp, and with an increase in the number of workers delivering products on demand. The proposed mechanism is universal. It can be used in enterprises regardless of their industry and structural profiles and can solve the problem for the optimum management of misalignment. Selecting works as a criteria for bonus payments while providing a reduction or streamlining expenses related to providing quality products.
Formation of innovation policy of the enterprise when entering international markets
Authors: ZAPOROZHSKA Anastasiia , SHVAHIREVA Vlasta
Published: June 2021

Innovative processes are the foundation of the current method of management and a means of providing competitive advantages to individual enterprises (firms), industries, regions, countries. Strengthening the innovative orientation of the socio-economic formation of Ukraine seems to be a strategic task of the national financial policy, guidelines for the creation of a competitive state economy. A significant basis for the development of Ukraine’s competitive advantages in the international arena is the innovative activity of industrial production entities. The formation of innovative activities of current enterprises insists on the development of a fresh mechanism of interaction between producers and customers on the basis of coordination of their interests. Creators of innovative ideas and producers of innovative products (services) are obliged to anticipate the need for new goods, to encourage customers to use new technologies and new products in their activities. Therefore, the innovative activity of the enterprise as soon as possible must be used to use an effective tool – innovation management, which involves the use of tools, methods, technologies of management throughout the formation of innovation policy of the enterprise.
The current circumstances of highly competitive markets necessitate the renewal and modernization of production technologies, development and production of new competitive products, the application of new approaches to management and organization of production, which can only guarantee investments aimed at innovation. Thus, the object of scientific research in the area of management of innovation investment processes is to identify more flexible opportunities for mobilization of financial resources and improve the mechanism of their direction to innovative development.
Since the creation of innovation policy of the enterprise must focus on the market and the consumer, market research should be conducted, which should be preceded by a thorough study of the innovative product.
Peculiarities of provision of certain types of public services in the field of social protection of the population
Authors: BATMANOVA Viktoriia
Published: June 2021

The paper is devoted to the peculiarities of providing some types of public services in the field of social protection. Based on the stages of the procedure for providing public services in the field of social protection in Ukraine, the types of public services in this area are disclosed. It is established that despite significant progress in the implementation of administrative procedures in the field of social protection in Ukraine, the convenience of their practical implementation remains imperfect, as insufficient use of innovative technologies (which have long been used successfully, for example, when photographing for passports; possible transition to administrative cases in electronic form by attaching scanned documents, etc.). Free administrative procedures in the field of social protection may be accompanied by additional costs, which can be minimized through the introduction of innovative technologies and tools.
The stages characteristic of the administrative procedure are singled out: the person's application and acceptance of the application for consideration; consideration of the case; case resolution; appealing the decision as an optional stage; execution of the decision.
At the application stage, the subject of such an application is first determined by the method of obtaining public services. This procedure can be performed directly by the subject, through the CNAP, through the Unified State Portal of Administrative Services in electronic form. External expression of desire – a statement that is usually submitted in writing, orally or electronically. An application for the provision of public services in the field of social protection is usually made in writing and submitted in person by the subject of the application (or his legal representative).
Fraud risk identification in project management in transport and logistics business
Authors: SELISHCHEV Serhii
Published: June 2021

The paper proves the importance of working with the risks associated with fraud in the development of projects related to the transport and logistics business. The main, most common types of fraud are considered. Actions to prevent and reduce the risk of fraud and eliminate its consequences are proposed.
The basic parameters of the transport and logistics business are quality, speed and cost. In Ukraine, these parameters often do not meet the established requirements. This is due to the depreciation of fixed assets, on the one hand, and often, low skills of workers who carry out the development and processing of routes. At the same time, some complications are caused by the prevalence of fraudulent schemes due to imperfect legislation and lack of effective control systems and methods.
The purpose of the paper is to identify and determine methods to reduce the risk of fraud in project management in the transport and logistics business.
Analysis of current practice indicates the need for additional development of methodological and organizational support for the identification of fraud risk in project management in the transport and logistics business.
In the process of researching this issue, a set of the most common fraud schemes in the organization and implementation of transportation was identified. There are also a number of common methods for identifying, avoiding, or mitigating their effects.
This approach allows us to focus on the need to take into account the likelihood of fraud in project management in the transport and logistics business.
Methods for analyzing and assessing product quality
Authors: TKACHENKO Serhii , POTYSHNIAK Olena , POLIAKOVA Yevheniia
Published: June 2021

Every modern production is faced with the problem of improving the quality of finished products. The relevance of this issue follows from the decisions of the government, the subsequent instructions of the president. The task of improving the quality of goods and products was named among the leading ones aimed at increasing the level of management, accelerating scientific and technological progress, more complete use of production potential, all material, labour and financial resources. The theory and practice of the modern production management system are designed to ensure the search for the most perfect elements of the method of complex analysis and assessment and quality management of finished products manufactured in order to increase the economic efficiency of modern production, to better meet the material and spiritual needs of the Ukrainian people. An attempt is made in the work to improve the system for measuring, analyzing and managing the quality of finished products in order to find ways to improve the quality of finished products, reduce labour costs for controlling the quality of finished products. Improving the quality of finished products is considered as a cumulative element of the method of interrelated influencing factors determining the intensification of the production process. Particular attention in the work is paid to the issues of establishing the relationship between the qualitative properties of the product and the influencing factors that form it, as well as an attempt to identify the influence of the quality of the finished product on the economic performance of the industrial enterprise. Such a task is realized by economic and mathematical modelling of the phenomenon under study using statistical information data on the functioning of the production process in past periods. The specific application of some of the described elements of the method has found its embodiment in the development of models and algorithms for solving individual problems of the quality management system in a functionally developed quality management subsystem of a ship machine-building industrial enterprise and etc.
Bank lending to the agricultural sector of the economy as one of the factors of economic sustainability
Authors: KOLOTUKHA Serhii , HVOZDIEI Nataliia , VINNYTSKA Oksana
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Domestic practice and foreign experience indicate that the finances of agricultural enterprises differ in certain specificities and require constant attraction of borrowed capital. The use of borrowed capital makes it possible to significantly expand the volume of economic activities of an enterprise, to ensure a more efficient use of its own funds, and to accelerate the renewal of fixed assets. In this regard, the attraction and use of borrowed financial resources is the most important aspect of the financial activities of the enterprise, aimed at achieving high final results of management. The purpose of the paper is to study the features and state of bank lending to the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy and the prospects for its further development. Results. The situation on the market of bank lending to agricultural enterprises is analyzed. The main factors of demand for credit resources on the part of agricultural enterprises are revealed. The volume of the credit services market formed by banks and non-bank financial institutions has been analyzed. It was found that bank lending tends to decline, which determines the development of non-bank forms of lending. The ratio of the levels of profitability and average annual interest rates on loans received by agricultural enterprises is considered and it is proved that efficiency indicators are not related to the level of interest rates on loans and this does not stimulate agricultural producers to increase their profitability. Conclusion. In the system of state support for the economy of agricultural producers, it is necessary to form a credit mechanism adequate to the current conditions, in which it is advisable to coordinate all levels of support with various instruments of a legal and economic nature.
TINDAK TUTUR KONSTANTIF DALAM INTERAKSI TOKOH FILM SUARA DARI PESISIR YANG DISUTRADARAI OLEH SUSILO RAHARJO DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Supriyati Supriyati , Didipu Herman , Muslimin Muslimin
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu (1) mendeskripsikan jenis tindak tutur konstantif dalam interaksi tokoh film Suara dari Pesisir disutradarai oleh Susilo Raharjo, (2) mendeskripsikan fungsi tindak tutur konstantif dalam interaksi tokoh film Suara dari Pesisir yang disutradarai oleh Susilo Raharjo, (3) mendeskripsikan implikasi tindak tutur konstantif dalam interaksi film Suara dari Pesisir pada pembelajaran di sekolah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif. Prosedur penelitian dilakukan secara bertahap, mulai dari tahap persiapan, tahap analisis data, dan tahap akhir. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik Simak Bebas Libat Cakap (SBLC). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik pilah unsur penentu (PUP) sebagai teknik dasar dan teknik hubung banding menyamakan (HBS) sebagai teknik lanjutan. Adapun metode yang digunakan yaitu metode padan referensial dan metode padan pragmatis. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, peneliti menemukan 12 jenis tindak tutur konstantif, yaitu tindak tutur asertif, tindak tutur prediktif, tindak tutur deskriptif, tindak tutur informatif, tindak tutur konfirmatif, tindak tutur konsesif, tindak tutur retraktif, tindak tutur asentif, tindaka tutur dissentif, tindak tutur disputative, tindak tutur responsif, dan tindak tutur sugestif. Fungsi tindak tutur konstantif yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 39 data. Jenis tindak tutur yang paling banyak digunakan dalam film Suara dari Pesisir adalah tindak tutur responsive dengan fungsi menjawab yaitu sebanyak 9 data. Penelitian ini memiliki implikasi (keterkaitan) dengan kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah. Film dapat dijadikan media pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di sekolah, khususnya di tingkat SMP kelas VIII semester genap. Sebagai media pembelajaran, film dan transkrip film dapat diimplikasikan pada kegiatan belajar  KD 3.12. menelaah struktur dan kebahasaan teks ulasan (film, cerpen, puisi, novel, dan karya seni daerah) yang diperdengarkan dan dibaca. KD 4.12  menyajikan tanggapan tentang kualitas karya (film, cerpen, puisi, novel, karya seni daerah, dll) dalam jenis teks ulasan secara lisan dan tulis dengan memperhatikan struktur, unsur kebahasaan, atau aspek lisan.

 
METAFORA DALAM NOVEL SINGGASANA TAK BERTUAH KARYA MIRA PASOLONG DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Nurdin Baharuddin , Muslimin Muslimin , Didipu Herman
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu (1) Mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis metafora yang terdapat dalam novel “Singgasana Tak Bertuah” karya Mira Pasolong. (2) Mendeskripsikan fungsi metafora yang terdapat dalam novel  “Singgasana Tak Bertuah” karya Mira Pasolong. (3) Mendeskripsikan implikasi metafora dalam novel “Singgasana Tak Bertuah” karya Mira Pasolong pada pembelajaran di sekolah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif. Prosedur penelitian dilakukan secara bertahap, mulai dari tahap persiapan, tahap analisis data, dan tahap akhir. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah membaca, mencatat kata atau kalimat dan mengklasifikasikan data ke dalam tabel. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik perluas. Adapun langkah – langkah dalam menganalisis data yaitu : 1) mengidentifikasi dan menginventarisasi kata atau kalimat yang mengandung metafora dalam novel Singgasana Tak Bertuah karya Mira Pasolong, 2) mengklasifikasikan data hasil yang telah dicatat berdasarkan gaya bahasa metafora, 3) menafsirkan fungsi gaya bahasa metafora yang ada di dalam novel Singgasana Tak Bertuah karya Mira Pasolong, dan 4) mendeskripsikan atau menjelaskan metafora yang terdapat dalam novel Singgasana Tak Bertuah karya Mira Pasolong ke dalam suatu bentuk laporan  penelitian. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, peneliti menemukan 4 jenis kalimat yang mengandung metafora dalam novel Singgasana Tak Bertuah, yaitu metafora antropomorfik, metafora binatang, metafora sinestesis, dan metafora abstrak ke konkret. Berdasarkan fungsi metafora, peneliti menemukan ada 4 fungsi yaitu, fungsi emotif, fungsi konatif, fungsi puitis, dan fungsi referensial. penelitian ini memiliki implikasi (keterkaitan) dengan kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah khususnya di tingkat SMA semester 1. Sebagai media pembelajaran, novel dapat diimplikasikan dalam kegiatan belajar pada KD 3.1 memahami struktur dan kaidah teks cerita sejarah, berita, iklan, editorial/opini, dan cerita fiksi dalam novel baik melalui lisan maupun tulisan. KD. 4.1 menginterpretasikan makna teks cerita sejarah, berita, iklan, editorial/opini, dan cerita fiksi dalam novel baik secara lisan  maupun tulisan.
Three-dimensional printing applications in the neurosurgery: A pilot study
Authors: Faraj Moneer , Arkawazi Bassam , Al-Attar Zaid
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an evolving technology that has been used recently in a wide spectrum of applications.

AIM: The objective is to evaluate the application of 3D printing in various neurosurgical practice.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This pilot study was conducted in the neurosurgical hospital in Baghdad/Iraq between July 2018 and July 2019. An X, Y, and Z printer was used. The working team included neurosurgeons, biomedical engineers, and bio-technicians. The procedure starts with obtaining Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scan in particular protocols. The MRI, and CT or angiography images were imported into a 3D programmer for DICOM images called 3D slice where these files converted into a 3D pictures. Next, the neurosurgeon determines the cut section he needs to print. The final required object is exported to the X, Y, Z printing software where the technician starts to print it out. The final prototype delivered to the neurosurgeon. He uses it intraoperatively to have an apparent actual size 3D representation of the actual lesion with nearby healthy tissues to have a good idea about the case they manages.

RESULTS: This pilot study was applied in three major projects: brain tumors (ten cases), cerebral aneurysms (nine cases), and spine surgery (14 cases).

CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional printing has excellent advantages in neurosurgical practice. It can replace many other recent modalities. It enables the neurosurgeon works with more precision, less time-consuming, less cost, and less radiation exposure.
Predominant Factors Affecting Sexual Dysfunction on Patients with Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Kusumawardhani Yuswinda , Yetti Krisna , Kariasa I Made
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Sexual dysfunction is a complication of terminal kidney failure. The problem of fulfilling sexual needs of men undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) is influenced by many factors.
AIM: This study aims to find out the most dominant factor affecting the sexual dysfunction of men who undergo CAPD.
METHODS: The design of this study was cross-sectional analysis with a sample of 70 men CAPD patients using a purposive sampling technique from February to May 2020. Data collection was carried out offline and online by filling in the questionnaire sheets for respondent characteristics, International Index of Erectile Function, and looking at laboratory result.
RESULTS: The results showed there was a correlation between age (p=0.0024), plasma urea (p=0.018), and albumin (p=0.001) with sexual dysfunction in male patients using CAPD. There was no significant correlation between length of time undergoing CAPD (p=0.678), fasting glucose (0.051), triglycerides (p=0.536), and cholesterol (p=0.183) with sexual dysfunction in male patients who undergo CAPD. The most dominant factor affecting is albumin, where patients who have albumin levels < 3.5 g/dL are at risk of experiencing sexual dysfunction 9.3 times greater than patients with albumin levels 3.5-5 g/dL after being controlled by age variables.
CONCLUSION: The recommendation of this study is protein intake of 1.2-1.5 g/kg body weight with at least 60% of protein with high biological value and evaluation of the ability of care and replacement of CAPD at home.
Robotic Radical Prostatectomy at the Egyptian National Cancer Institute: Overcoming the Challenges in the Initial Case Series
Authors: Zaghloul Ashraf , Abdelbary Ahmed , Fergany Amr , Aboulkassem Hatem , Fadlalla Waleed Mohamed
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Robotic prostatectomy is showing progressive worldwide spread owing to potential clinical benefits, but at a higher cost.

AIM: This article describes the challenges and clinical outcomes of the first group of patients undergoing robotic prostatectomy in Egypt.

DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: From 2017 to 2019, the data of all (55) patients undergoing robotic radical prostatectomy at the National Cancer Institute of Egypt were retrospectively analyzed.

OUTCOME EVALUATION: Short-term operative outcomes, complications, technical difficulties, pathologic data, and biochemical recurrence were reported.

RESULTS: Average blood loss was 296 ml; one patient required blood transfusion. One case required open conversion, another required re-docking of the robot. Setup time was significantly improved from an average of 27.7 min in the first 27 cases to an average of 17.3 min in the final 28 cases (p < 0.0001). Complications developed in 27% of our patients. Continence recovery at catheter removal, 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months were 32.7%, 50.9%, 65.5%, 74.5%, and 96%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Results from the first series of robotic radical prostatectomy were encouraging. Technical challenges can be overcome in a short period using a dedicated team supplemented by institutional support. Acceptable complication rate and satisfactory outcomes regarding continence and blood loss were observed.
The Effect of Anthropometry on Refractive Error and Ocular Biometry in Children with β Thalassemia Major
Authors: Amra Aryani Atiyatul , Aldy Fithria , Lubis Bidasari , Rahman Elyani
Published: June 2021

AIM: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of anthropometry on refractive error and ocular biometry in children with β-thalassemia major.

METHOD: This study was an analytical observational with a cross-sectional design which conducted in 1 day care thalassemia pediatric Department and Ophthalmology Department of North Sumatera University Hospital from February to April 2019. The study included 44 children with β-thalassemia major.

RESULTS: Anthropometric analysis of refractive errors did not show a significant correlation, whereas anthropometric analysis on biometry showed a significant correlation between height and axial length of the right eye (p = 0.004) and left eye (p = 0.043), then showed significant correlations between height and anterior chamber depth of the right eye (p = 0.027) and left eye (p = 0.016).

CONCLUSION: Height affects the axial length and anterior chamber depth, but there are no anthropometric variables that affect refractive errors in this study.