bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into azalomycin F assembly-line contribute to evolution-guided polyketide synthase engineering and identification of intermodular recognition
Authors: Zhai Guifa , Zhu Yan , Sun Guo , Zhou Fan , Hong Zhou , Dong Chuan , Leadlay Peter , Hong Kui , Deng Zixin , Zhou Fuling , Sun Yuhui
Published: July 2022

Exploring interactions among modules in modular polyketide synthase (PKS) is very important for understanding the overall biosynthetic process and for engineering PKS assembly-lines. Herein, we show that intermodule recognition between the enoylreductase domain ER1/2 inside module 1/2 and the ketosynthase domain KS3 inside module 3 is required for the cross-module enoylreduction in azalomycin F (AZL) biosynthesis. We also show that KS4 of module 4 acts as a gatekeeper facilitating cross-module enoylreduction. Additionally, evidence is provided that module 3 and module 6 in the AZL PKS are evolutionarily homologous, which make evolution-oriented PKS engineering possible. These results reveal an unprecedented intermodule recognition furthering understanding of the mechanism of the PKS assembly-line, thus providing new insights into PKS engineering. It also reveals that gene duplication/conversion and subsequent combinations may be a neofunctionalization process in modular PKS assembly-lines, hence providing a new case for supporting investigation of modular PKS evolution.
Antimicrobial properties of heterojunction BiSnSbO6-ZnO composites in wastewater treatment
Authors: Chen Jing , Shan Mengde , Zhu Haojia , Zhang Shichuan , Li Jingmei , Li Leijiao
Published: July 2022

BiSnSbO6-ZnO composite photocatalytic material with type II heterojunction structure was synthesized by a simple solid-phase sintering method, it was characterized by XRD, UV-vis and PT methods. The photocatalytic antibacterial experiments were carried out under LED light irradiation. The experimental results showed that the photocatalytic antibacterial properties of BiSnSbO6-ZnO composites against bacteria and fungi were significantly stronger than those of single BiSnSbO6 and ZnO. Under light conditions, the antibacterial efficiencies of 500 mg/L BiSnSbO6-ZnO composites against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa reached 99.63%, 100% and 100% for 6 h, 4 h and 4 h, respectively. The best antibacterial concentration of BiSnSbO6-ZnO composite against eukaryotic microorganism Candida albicans was 250 mg/L, and the antibacterial efficiency reached the highest 63.8% at 6 h. Antibacterial experiments were carried out on domestic livestock and poultry wastewater, which showed that the BiSnSbO6-ZnO composite photocatalytic material has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against bacteria, and the antibacterial effect has species differences. Through the MTT experiment, it is proved that the prepared BiSnSbO6-ZnO composite photocatalytic material has no toxicity at the experimental concentration. According to the free radical scavenging experiment and SEM observation of the morphological changes of the bacteria after light treatment, the prepared BiSnSbO6-ZnO composite photocatalytic material can generate active species ·OH, h+ and e− through light irradiation to achieve the purpose of sterilization, where e− play a major role, indicating that the BiSnSbO6-ZnO composite photocatalytic material has broad application prospects in the actual antibacterial field.
Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a single-arm, remotely-delivered health coaching intervention to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior during pregnancy
Authors: Whitaker Kara M. , Jones Melissa A. , Dziewior Jaclyn , Anderson Megan , Anderson Chelsie , Gibbs Bethany Barone , Carr Lucas J.
Published: July 2022

Background: Interventions targeting physical activity and sedentary behavior concurrently in pregnancy may be an ideal strategy to reduce the risk of pregnancy complications. We assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a single-arm, remotely-delivered health coaching intervention to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior in pregnancy.Methods: Women (n=34) between 8-12 weeks gestation were recruited to take part in the INcreasing Steps in PREgnancy (INSPiRE) study. Participants were given an activity tracker (Fitbit Inspire) and met virtually with their health coach throughout the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Feasibility was based on enrollment, retention, and adherence rates. Acceptance was assessed using a process evaluation survey. Intervention efficacy was based on activPAL data obtained at baseline and the end of the second trimester. Results: Feasibility objectives were met, with greater than 70% enrollment, 97% retention, and 99% adherence. All participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the program. ActivPAL data indicated statistically significant increases in daily steps (+1,715.8 steps/day), stepping time (+1.9%), standing time (+2.3%), and decreases in total sedentary time (-4.2%) and sedentary bouts of 30 minutes (-4.1%) from baseline to the end of the second trimester, all p<0.05. Decreases were also observed in sedentary bouts of 60 minutes (-3.9%), but this was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The INSPiRE study demonstrated feasibility, high acceptability, and preliminary efficacy for improving movement behaviors in women during pregnancy, supporting future testing in a randomized controlled trial.
Characterizing human movement patterns using GPS data loggers in an area of persistent malaria in Zimbabwe along the Mozambique border
Authors: Hast Marisa , Mharakurwa Sungano , Shields Timothy M. , Lubinda Jailos , Searle Kelly M. , Gwanzura Lovemore , Munyati Shungu , Moss William J.
Published: July 2022

Background: Human mobility is a driver for the reemergence or resurgence of malaria and has been identified as a source of cross-border transmission. However, movement patterns are difficult to measure in remote rural areas where malaria risk is high. In countries with malaria elimination goals, it is essential to determine the role of mobility on malaria transmission in order to implement appropriate interventions. Methods: A study was conducted in Mutasa District, Zimbabwe, to investigate human movement patterns in an area of persistent transmission along the border with Mozambique. Over one year, a convenience sample of 20 participants per month was recruited from active malaria surveillance cohorts to carry an IgotU® GT-600 global positioning system (GPS) data logger during all daily activities. Consenting participants were tested for malaria at data logger distribution using an HRP-2 rapid diagnostic test and completed a survey questionnaire. GPS data were analyzed using a trajectory analysis tool and plotted in geographic information system maps. Participant movement patterns were characterized throughout the study area and across the border into Mozambique using movement intensity maps, activity space plots, and statistical analyses. Results: Over 12 recruitment periods from June 2016 to May 2017, 184 participants provided usable movement tracks encompassing over 350,000 data points and nearly 8,000 person-days. Participants traveled a median of 2.8 km/day and spent a median of 4.6 hours/day away from home. Movement was widespread within and outside the study area throughout the year, with participants traveling up to 500 km from their homes. Indices of mobility were higher in the dry season, including distance traveled and hours/day away from home, and male participants and adults had higher mobility compared to female participants and adolescents, respectively. Half of the participants traveled outside the study area, and 30% traveled into Mozambique, including 15 who stayed in Mozambique overnight. Conclusions: Study participants in Mutasa District, Zimbabwe, were highly mobile throughout the year. Many participants traveled long distances from home, including overnight trips into Mozambique, with clear implications for malaria control. Interventions targeted at mobile populations and cross-border transmission may be effective in preventing malaria introductions in this region.
Pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria in The Gambia: colonisation and clinically-relevant disease
Authors: Okoi Catherine , Anderson Suzanne T. , Mulwa Sarah , Worwui Archibald , Antonio Martin , Gehre Florian , Adetifa Ifedayo
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe clinical relevance of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria (PNTM) in The Gambia is unknown. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in colonisation, and the burden of clinically relevant pulmonary NTM (PNTM) disease in The Gambia. Method This was a cross-sectional study of the prevalence of NTM in participants aged ≥15 years, in a nationwide tuberculosis (TB) prevalence survey between December 2011 and January 2013. We enrolled 903 participants with suspected NTM and NTM cultures were confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses. We applied the American Thoracic Society/Infectious Disease Society of America (ATS/IDSA) diagnostic criteria to determine clinical relevance of NTM. Principal findingsA total of 575 participants had acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positive Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) cultures and 229 (39.8%) were NTM. M. avium complex was by far the most commonly isolated NTM (71.0%), followed by M. fortuitum (9.5%) and M. nonchromogenicum (2.9%). Older participants (>24 years old) were four times more likely to have NTM in their sputa. Only 20.5% (9/44) NTM cases met the ATS/IDSA criteria for NTM disease. Conclusions This study provides important data on the prevalence of NTM in pulmonary samples of suspected TB cases with AFB positive cultures from a nationally representative population in The Gambia. Enhanced PNTM surveillance is recommended to better understand the contribution of NTM to pulmonary disease
Novel methods for solving Multi-objective Non linear Inventory Model Of Highly Deteriorating Items
Authors: Panda Minakshi , Sahoo Anuradha
Published: July 2022

In this study, multi-objective inventory model of deteriorating and perishable items is developed under space and budget constraints. Demand is stock dependent and power function of time. This model is completely a new model in the sense that the model is applied to those items whose deterioration rate is maximum. Shortages are allowed in each cycle. The main aim of this paper is to find different time points for each cycle where shortage occurs and inventory depletes respectively so that both total cost and shortage cost can be minimized simultaneously. The model is developed in both crisp and fuzzy environment. In fuzzy environment, the objectives are considered as fuzzy constraints. For this the decision maker needs to establish an aspiration level for the objective functions which he wants to achieve as far as possible. This paper aims to use fuzzy non-linear programming (FNLP) and intuitionistic fuzzy optimization (IFO) techniques for the multi-objective inventory model. Comparison is based on different optimization techniques in different environment using numerical examples. Graph of the objective functions are provided. System diagram of the model and algorithm for solving the model are provided. Also, sensitivity analysis is made using different parameters of the model.
Design Optimization of a PVDF based SOI-MOSFET Touch Sensor by Surface Potential based Analytical Model
Authors: M Arjun Hari , Rajan Lintu
Published: July 2022

Analytical model of a single taxel silicon on insulator (SOI) MOSFET based touch sensor is presented. The proposed sensor has a piezoelectric polymer layer integrated into the transistor structure. A mathematical model of the channel surface potential is developed, and the device performance is evaluated for various contact forces. The surface potential-based model aids in the systematic design of model parameters and the analysis of overall sensor performance. The simulation and analytical results were compared and found to be highly compatible. The model was validated using the software MATLAB, 2D COMSOL Multiphysics, and Silvaco ATLAS. The article presents a detailed analysis of the effect of design parameters of MOSFET on the variation of surface potential of the proposed sensor and the optimal model developed had a maximum channel potential variation of 248 mV/N. As a result, the developed analytical model guides designing SOI-MOSFET parameters for touch sensing in prosthetic devices.
Combination of thoracic epidural analgesia with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia versus traditional thoracic epidural analgesia for postoperative analgesia and early recovery of laparotomy: a prospective single-centre, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xu Wenwen , Li Youpei , Li Nanqi , Sun Yu , Wang Chao , An Ke
Published: July 2022

Background: Thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) always been the first choice for postoperative pain treatment, but associated complications and contraindications may limit its use. Our study put forward a new analgesic strategy that combines thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) with patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) to optimized TEA.Methods: Patients undergoing laparotomy were enrolled in this prospective randomized study. Patients were randomized to one of two groups: TEA/PCIA group and TEA group. Patients in TEA/PCIA group received TEA in the day of surgery and the first postoperative day and PCIA continued to use until the postoperative three days. Patients in TEA group received TEA during postoperative three days. A visual analogue scale (VSA) pain scores at rest and on movement at 6, 24,48,72h after surgery were recorded. In addition, we also compared the incidence of inadequate analgesia, adverse events, time to first mobilization, time to pass first flatus, time of oral intake recovery, time of urinary catheter removal, postoperative length of hospital stays, cumulative opioid consumption, and the overall cost in the two groups. We examined VAS pain scores using repeated measures analysis of variance; p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Eighty-six patients were analysed (TEA/PCIA=44, TEA=42). The mean VAS pain scores at rest and on movement in TEA/PCIA group were lower than TEA group, with a significant difference on movement (P<0.05). TEA/PCIA group had lower pain scores on postoperative 3 days as compared with TEA group, with a significant difference at 48 h postoperatively (P<0.05). The time to first mobilization and pass first flatus were shorter in TEA/PCIA group (P<0.05). No significant difference between the two groups in terms of postoperative length of hospital stay, time of oral intake recovery, time of urinary catheter removal, cumulative opioid consumption, incidence of adverse events, incidence of inadequate analgesia, and overall cost.Conclusions: The combination of TEA with PCIA for patients undergoing laparotomy, can enhance postoperative pain control and facilitate early recovery without increasing the incidence of adverse effects and overall cost of hospitalization.Trial registration: ChiCTR1800020308 (China), 2018/12/23; registered at www.chictr.org.cn
A Neural Network Assisted 171Yb+ Quantum Magnetometer
Authors: Ban Yue , Chen Yan , He Ran , Cui Jin-Ming , Huang Yun-Feng , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guangcan , Casanova Jorge
Published: July 2022

A versatile magnetometer must deliver a readable response when exposed to target fields in a wide range of parameters. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that the combination of 171Yb+ atomic sensors with adequately trained neural networks enables the characterization of target fields in distinct challenging scenarios. In particular, we characterize radio frequency (RF) fields in the presence of large shot noise, including the limit case of continuous data acquisition via single-shot measurements. Furthermore, by incorporating neural networks we significantly extend the working regime of atomic magnetometers into scenarios in which the RF driving induces responses beyond their standard harmonic behavior.
Influenza vaccine uptake among children and older adults in China: A secondary analysis of a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Du Yumeng , Jin Chenqi , Jit Mark , Chantler Tracey , Lin Leesa , Larson Heidi , Li Jing , Gong Wenfeng , Yang Fan , Ren Nina , Cheng Weibin , Zhou Yi , Tang Weiming , Tucker Joseph D. , Wu Dan
Published: July 2022

Background: Influenza vaccination is the key to reducing the influenza-related disease burden, especially among high-risk populations. However, influenza vaccine uptake is low in China. This secondary analysis of a quasi-experimental trial in Guangdong Province aimed to understand factors associated with influenza vaccine uptake among children and older people stratified by funding context. Methods: A total of 225 children (aged 0.5-8 years) and 225 older people (aged 60 years or above) were recruited from three clinics (rural, suburban, urban). Participants were allocated into two groups based on different funding contexts: self-paid group (N=150, including 75 children and 75 older adults) in which participants paid full market price for their vaccination; and subsidized group (N=300, including 150 children and 150 older adults) in which varying levels of financial support was provided. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted stratified by funding contexts. Results: Overall, 75.0% (225/300) of participants in the subsidized group and 36.7% (55/150) in the self-paid group got vaccinated. Older adults had lower vaccination rates than children in both funding groups, while both age groups showed much higher uptake in the subsidized group than in the self-paid group (86.7% vs 53.3% among children; 63.3% vs 20.0% among older people). In the self-paid group, participants living with children (aOR:2.61, 95%CI: 1.06-6.42) or older people (aOR:4.76, 95%CI: 1.08-20.90) having prior influenza vaccination in the same household were more likely to be vaccinated; trust in providers’ advice (aOR=4.95, 95%CI:1.99, 12.43) or effectiveness of the vaccine (aOR: 12.18, 95%CI: 5.21-28.50), and experienced influenza-like illnesses in the family (aOR=46.52, 4.10, 533.78) were associated with higher vaccine uptake in the subsidized group. Conclusions: Older people had suboptimal vaccine uptake compared to children in both contexts and need more attention in future efforts to enhance influenza vaccination. Tailoring interventions to different vaccine funding contexts may help improve influenza vaccine uptake: In self-paid context, measures to motivate people to accept their first ever influenza vaccination may be a promising strategy. In subsidized context, strategies to improve public confidence in vaccine effectiveness and providers’ advice would be useful. Trial registration: ChiCTR2000040048. Registered on November 19, 2020.
Tyrosine kinase SRC-mediated YAP1-KLF5 module regulates cancer stemness and metastasis in TNBC
Authors: Zou Hailin , Luo Juan , Guo Yibo , Li Peng
Published: July 2022

SRC was the first identified oncogene, and its aberrant activation has been implicated as a driving event in tumor initiation and progression. However, its role in cancer stemness regulation and the underlying regulatory mechanism are still elusive. Here, we identified a YAP1 tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent YAP1-KLF5 oncogenic module, as the key downstream mediator of SRC kinase regulating cancer stemness and metastasis in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). SRC was overexpressed in TNBC patient tissues and its expression level was highly correlated with the tumor malignancy. SRC activation induced, while inhibition of SRC kinase reduced the cancer stemness, tumor cell growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed that SRC-mediated YAP1 tyrosine phosphorylation induced its interaction with Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) to form a YAP1/TEAD-KLF5 complex in TNBC cells. YAP1-KLF5 association further promoted TEAD-mediated transcriptional program independently of canonical Hippo kinases (MST-LATS), which eventually gave rise to the enhanced cancer stemness and metastasis. Disruption of YAP1-KLF5 module in TNBC cells dramatically attenuated the SRC-induced cancer stemness and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, co-upregulations of SRC and YAP1-KLF5 module in TNBC tissues were significantly positively correlated with the tumor malignance. Altogether, our work presents a novel tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent YAP1-KLF5 oncogenic module governing SRC-induced cancer stemness and metastasis in TNBC. Therefore, targeting of YAP1/KLF5-mediated transcription represents a promising strategy for TNBC treatment with SRC aberrantly activation.
Continuing cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibition in metastatic breast cancer patients previously treated with another cyclin-dependant kinase 4/6 inhibitor: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aguilar Alicia de Luna , Fuentes Javier David Benitez , Arcilla Jorge Bartolome , Shah Richa , Avagyan Manushak , Frick Clara , Lorenzo Alfonso Lopez de Sa , Rojas Carmen Toledano , Anton Fernando Moreno , Saenz Jose Angel Garcia
Published: July 2022

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Most breast cancers are estrogen receptor-positive and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (ER+/HER2-). A small proportion of these cases are metastatic, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are the mainstay of treatment in this scenario. Evidence supports the existence of differences between the three approved cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in preclinical and clinical settings. However, literature regarding the use of a CDK4/6i in metastatic breast cancer patients (MBC) previously treated with another CDK4/6i is scarce. Methods: A search will be performed on the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. In addition, a manual search of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Conference, American Society of Clinical Oncology annual conference, European Society of Medical Oncology annual conference, and European Society of Medical Oncology Breast annual conference will be conducted. Discussion: To our knowledge, no previous systematic review has evaluated the available evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of CDK4/6i treatment in MBC previously treated with another CDK4/6i. This systematic review and meta-analysis will synthesise existing data on the effectiveness and safety of using a CDK4/6i after prior exposure to another in MBC. It will also identify gaps in the literature for potential future research. The results of this study will focus on multiple audiences including patients, their families, caregivers, and healthcare professionals. These results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42022330355
Effect of retaining versus removing green prunings on N2 fixation of Cajanus cajan and Sesbania sesban
Authors: Makhubedu Thabo , Letty Brigid , Mafongoya Paramu , Scogings Peter
Published: July 2022

Aim
To compare the effects of retention versus removal of green prunings on symbiotic N2 fixation of Sesbania sesban and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan).
Methods
A factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of retention versus removal of prunings on N2 fixation of pigeon pea and S. sesban. The plots had three rows of woody legumes, and Zea mays (maize) was planted in between the legume rows. Three prunings were conducted between April 2017 and February 2018 by cutting the legumes back to 75 cm height. Pruned leaves and twigs were either spread evenly (retained) on the soil surface or completely removed (removed). N2 fixation was measured using the 15N natural abundance method.
Results
Whether fresh prunings were retained or removed, pigeon pea derived a significant proportion of its N nutrition from N2 fixation as compared with S. sesban. Retaining prunings on the soil surface significantly depressed symbiotic N2 fixation by 18% in pigeon pea and 20.6% in S. sesban compared to when prunings were removed. The results also showed that retaining prunings increased the reliance of pigeon pea and S. sesban on soil N uptake.
Conclusions
Retaining both leaves and twigs in agroforestry systems reduces N2 fixation by pigeon pea and S. sesban. The observed reduction in N2 fixation following retention of prunings could diminish the beneficial effects of N2-fixing species on soil N fertility in agroforestry systems.
Fire frequency and severity mediate recruitment success of a threatened shrub following a megafire
Authors: Breton Tom Le , Canackle Laura , Dunne Craig , Lyons Mitchell , Ooi Mark
Published: July 2022

Background Climate change is driving global fire regimes to become more extreme, potentially threatening plant species that are adapted to less extreme, historic fire regimes. Developing a better understanding of how threatened plant species might respond to a more extreme fire regime is key to successful future conservation in fire prone regions. The Australian megafires in 2019-2020 were unprecedented in the extent of vegetation burnt at very high to extreme severity and overlaid a complex history of prescribed burns and wildfires. These conditions established an ideal foundation for a case study of consequences for a threatened obligate-seeding shrub, Pomaderris bodalla, which grows in wet sclerophyll (mesic) forest on the south-east coast of Australia. We sought to confirm the response of this species to extreme severity fires, by surveying seedling recruitment at sites across a gradient of fire severity, exposed to a history of different fire frequencies. Our aims were to identify i) whether there was an interaction between the two fire regime elements and ii) whether the threshold for the usual positive relationship between fire severity and seedling recruitment could be exceeded under future fire regimes. Results We found that recruitment had a hump-shaped response to fire severity, peaking at high severity sites as soil temperatures reached optimal levels for dormancy-break but declining at extreme severity sites. The pattern of response matched in vitro studies, which had established that physically dormant P. bodalla seeds had minimal dormancy broken at low fire-related temperatures, peak dormancy broken at high fire-related temperatures, and heat-induced mortality at extreme temperatures. Fire frequency had an overall negative effect on recruitment, with fewer recruits at more frequently burnt sites, however a significant interaction highlighted that this effect was driven mainly at high severity burn sites. Conclusion Our findings indicate that while the species may persist at higher severity fires in the future, albeit with lower levels of recruitment, increased fire frequency poses an ongoing threat to P. bodalla and similar species. Fire management informed by species and ecosystem fire response traits can be a boon to conservation efforts, but requires detailed knowledge of species responses to all elements of the fire regime.
Encapsulation and adhesion of nanoparticles as a potential biomarker for cancer cell metastatic propensity
Authors: Merkher Yulia , Kontareva Elizaveta , Bogdan Elizaveta , Achkasov Konstantin , Grolman Joshua M. , Leonov Sergey
Published: July 2022

Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related mortality; therefore, the ability to predict its propensity can remarkably affect survival rate. Metastasis development is predicted nowadays by lymph-node status, tumor size, histopathology, and genetic testing. However, all these methods may have inaccuracies, and some require weeks to complete. Identifying novel prognostic markers will open an essential source for risk prediction, possibly guiding to elevated patient treatment by personalized strategies. Cancer cell invasion is a critical step in metastasis. The cytoskeletal mechanisms used by metastatic cells for the invasion process are very similar to the utilization of actin cytoskeleton in the endocytosis process. In the current study, the adhesion and encapsulation efficiency of low-cost carboxylate-modified fluorescent nanoparticles by breast cancer cells with high (HM) and low metastatic potential (LM) have been evaluated; benign cells were used as control. Using high-content fluorescence imaging and analysis, we have revealed (within a short time of 1h), that efficiency of nanoparticles adherence and encapsulation is sufficiently higher in HM cells compared to LM cells, while benign cells are not encapsulating or adhering the particles during experiment time at all. We have utilized custom-made automatic image analysis algorithms to find quantitative co-localization (Pearson’s coefficients) of the nanoparticles with the imaged cells. The method proposed here is straightforward; it does not require especial equipment or expensive materials nor complicated cell manipulations, it may be potentially applicable for various cells, including patient-derived cells. Effortless and quantitative determination of the metastatic likelihood has the potential to be performed using patient-specific biopsy/surgery sample, which will directly influence the choice of protocols for cancer patient’s treatment and, as a result, increase their life expectancy.
Psychometric Properties of the Readiness for Return to Work Scale in Occupational Rehabilitation in South Korea
Authors: Lee Jeong-Eun , Kim Soo Hyun , Shin Gain , Yoo Su Bin , Leigh Ja-Ho
Published: July 2022

Background: This study validated the Korean version of the Readiness to Return to Work (RRTW) scale, as an assessment measure, following a musculoskeletal, work-related injury, and as a measure of following return to work.Methods: The participants of this study were workers with experience in rehabilitation programs at Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service Hospital in Korea. Factor analyses were employed to ensure the validity and reliability of the RRTW scale in claimants who were in treatment without working (the not-working group) or who had already returned to work (the working group). We analyzed the not working group (exploratory factor analysis (EFA) n=200, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) n=109) and the working group (EFA n=123). To verify concurrent validity (multidimensional and assignment approach), the variables that were identified as relevant variables in previous studies were analyzed. Results: The not working group EFA, as shown in the original scale, had four dimensions, and one item was deleted: (1) Precontemplation (2) Contemplation (3) Prepared for Action-Self-evaluative and (4) Prepared for Action-Behavioral. The CFA revealed that a good model fit and reliability were suitable. Regarding the working group of EFA, it appeared in two dimensions as in the original scale, one item was modified from the UM scale to the PM scale, and the reliability was appropriate. Concurrent validity was satisfied based on the correlation between the RRTW factor and related variables.Conclusions: Readiness of Return to Work in the Korean version of the instrument were similar to those reported for the original scale, indicating that it may be used in research and clinical settings.
Complex effects of dissolved organic matter, temperature, and initial bloom density on the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide to control cyanobacteria
Authors: Buley Riley P. , Gladfelter Matthew F. , Fernandez-Figueroa Edna G. , Wilson Alan E.
Published: July 2022

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms plague reservoirs and lakes used for a variety of purposes. Chemical controls are frequently used to mitigate the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms given that many are fast-acting and effective at reducing cyanobacterial abundance. Recent research has identified hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an environmentally-friendly alternative to algaecides that have typically been used, such as copper sulfate. To build on past studies, these experiments sought to further understand how well H2O2 treatments reduce cyanobacteria in complex eutrophic conditions. We assessed the effectiveness of H2O2 (at treatments of 2-16 mg L-1) under varying environmental conditions in a controlled laboratory setting, including (1) dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations (humic acid; 0 - 60 mg L-1), (2) temperatures (20, 25, and 32 °C), and (3) initial algal biomass (82 – 371 µg L-1 as chlorophyll). In contrast to our expectations, neither DOM concentration nor temperature meaningfully impacted the effectiveness of H2O2 at reducing cyanobacteria. However, initial algal biomass as well as H2O2 treatment greatly influenced the effectiveness of the algaecide. Across all experiments, H2O2 concentrations of 0.03 - 0.12 mg H2O2 L-1/µg chlorophyll L-1 were effective at significantly reducing cyanobacteria. Thus, water resource managers are encouraged to consider how ambient levels of algal biomass may affect the ability of H2O2 to control algal blooms prior to treatment.
Aetiology of Hospitalized Fever and Risk of Death at Two Rural Tertiary Care Hospitals in Uganda from August 2019 to August 2020
Authors: Blair Paul W. , Kobba Kenneth , Kakooza Francis , Robinson Matthew L. , Candia Emmanuel , Mayito Jonathan , Ndawula Edgar C. , Kandathil Abraham , Matovu Alphonsus , Aniku Gilbert , Manabe Yukari C , Lamorde Mohammed
Published: July 2022

Background: Epidemiology of febrile illness in Uganda is shifting due to increased HIV treatment access, emerging viruses, and increased surveillance. We investigated the aetiology and outcomes of acute febrile illness in adults presenting to hospital using a standardized testing algorithm of available assays in two tertiary care hospitals in Uganda.Methods: We recruited adults with a ≥ 38.0°C temperature or history of fever within 48 hours of presentation. Medical history, demographics, and vital signs were recorded. Testing performed included a complete blood count, renal and liver function, malaria smears, blood culture, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). When HIV positive; cryptococcal antigen, CD4 count, and urine lateral flow lipoarabinomannan assay for tuberculosis. Participants were followed during hospitalization and at a 1-month visit. A Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to evaluate for baseline clinical features and risk of death.Results: Of 132 participants, the median age was 33.5 years (IQR 24 to 46) and 58.3% (n=77) were female. Overall, 73 (55.3%) of 132 had a positive microbiologic result. Among those living with HIV, 31 (68.9%) of 45 had at least one positive assay; 16 (35.6%) had malaria, 14 (31.1%) tuberculosis, and 4 (8.9%) cryptococcal antigenemia. The majority (65.9%) were HIV-negative; 42 (48.3%) of 87 had at least one diagnostic assay positive; 24 (27.6%) had positive malaria smears and 1 was Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra positive. Overall, 16 (12.1%) of 132 died; 9 (56.3%) of 16 were HIV-negative, 6 died after discharge. High respiratory rate (≥22 breaths per minute) (hazard ratio [HR] 8.05; 95% CI: 1.81 to 35.69) and low (i.e., <92%) oxygen saturation (HR 4.33; 95% CI: 1.38 to 13.61) were identified to be associated with increased risk of death.Conclusion: In those with hospitalized fever, malaria and tuberculosis were common causes of febrile illness, but most deaths were non-malarial, and most HIV-negative participants did not have a positive diagnostic result. Those with respiratory failure had a high risk of death.
Non-adherence to WHO’s recommended antenatal care visits: Geospatial analysis of the 2017 Maternal Health Survey
Authors: Dickson Kwamena Sekyi , Boateng Ebenezer N. K. , Adde Kenneth Setorwu , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Munro-Kramer Michelle L.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Evidence shows that most women in Ghana do not meet the minimum antenatal care visits as recommended by WHO with only 31.2%-41.9% of them meeting the recommendation. To the best of our knowledge, no study in Ghana has examined women’s noncompliance with the WHO’s recommended eight antenatal visits using geospatial analysis, as this study sets out to do.
Methods
We sourced data from the recent version of the Ghana Maternal Health Survey which was executed in 2017. A sample of 10,077 women with complete data participated in this study. The link between the explanatory variables and the outcome variable was investigated using binary and multivariate logistic regression models and Spatial analyses such as spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I), hotspot, cluster and outlier analysis, and geographically weighted regression were conducted using ArcMap version 10.7.
Results
Districts found in the north-eastern and south-western parts of the country were more likely to experience noncompliance with ANC. Women staying within the middle belt without health insurance were more likely (17–29%) to be noncompliant with ANC. Women with low community socioeconomic status were found to be more likely (17–34%) to be noncompliant with ANC in the eastern parts of Ghana.
Conclusion
The study has shown that in order to achieve targets one and three of Sustainable Development Goal 3, the government of Ghana, the Ministry of Health, together with the Ghana Health Service may have to intensify health education in the identified areas to highlight the importance of adherence to the WHO recommendations on ANC visits.
Health Management Information System Data Use Practice and Its Determinants at Health Centers and Woreda Health Office in Fafan Zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia.
Authors: Farah Abdi , hassen Kaldir , Mohamed Abdi
Published: July 2022

Sound and reliable information is the foundation of decision-making across all health system building blocks and is essential for health system policy development and its implementation. Ethiopian health sector transformation plan has given special attention to health information management, data use intending to promote the quality and culture of health information data use for decision making. Hence, this study aims to assess the practice of routine Health Information data use for decision-making and its determinants in Fafan Zone Somali region.A cross-sectional study was carried out in August 2021 to assess routine Health Information, data use practices, and its determinants in the Fafan zone Somali region. The participants of the study were 359 health workers from different departments of selected health centers and woreda health offices by using cluster-sampling techniques. The study findings showed that the health workers' practice of RHI data use for decision-making is very low. The determinants of Routine health information management data use practice that was identified in the study include work position level, Health worker's educational level, presence of regular Supportive supervision flowed by timely feedback on performance, training status of data users, and availability of all required inputs for the preparation and display information, and data management guidelines. Therefore, enhancing knowledge, skills, data management inputs, supportive monitoring, and access to user training are important to expand the use of routine health information data in health centers and woreda health offices in the Fafan zone.
Key drivers of family-level utility of pediatric genomic sequencing: A qualitative analysis to support preference research
Authors: Smith Hadley , Bonkowski Emily , Deloge Raymond Belanger , Gutierrez Amanda , Recinos Alva , Lavelle Tara , Veenstra David , McGuire Amy , Pereira Stacey
Published: July 2022

Given that pediatric genomic sequencing (GS) may have implications for the health and well-being of both the child and family, a clearer understanding of the key drivers of the utility of GS from the family perspective is needed. The purpose of this study is to explore what is important to caregivers of pediatric patients regarding clinical GS, with a focus on family-level considerations. We conducted semi-structured interviews with caregivers (n=41) of pediatric patients who had been recommended for or completed GS that explored the scope of factors caregivers considered when deciding whether to pursue GS for their child. We analyzed the qualitative data in multiple rounds of coding using thematic analysis. Caregivers raised important family-level considerations, in addition to those specifically for their child, which included wanting the best chance at good quality of life for the family, the ability to learn about family health, the impact on the caregiver’s well-being, privacy concerns among family members, and the cost of testing to the family. We developed a framework of key drivers of utility consisting of four domains that influenced caregivers’ decision making: underlying values, perceived benefits, perceived risks, and other pragmatic considerations regarding GS. These findings can inform measurement approaches that better capture the utility of pediatric GS for families.
Cancer Surgery during covid increased the patient mortality and the transmission risk to health care workers: results from a retrospective cohort study (NCT05240378)
Authors: Soni Kishan , Neville JF , Purwar Roli , Kumar Tarun , Yadav Ghanshyam , Verma Nimisha , Pandey Manoj
Published: July 2022

Background
India encountered two waves of Covid 19 pandemic with variability in its characteristics and severity. Concerns were raised over the safety of treatment and higher morbidity was predicted for oncological surgery. The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the rate of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing curative surgery for cancer before and during the Covid 19 pandemic.
Method
The prospectively obtained clinical data of 1576 patients treated between April 2019 to May 2021 was reviewed, of these 959 patients were operated before Covid 19 and 617 during the pandemic. The data on complications, deaths, confirmed or suspected Covid 19 cases and Covid 19 infection among health workers (HCW) was extracted.
Results
A 35% fall in number of surgeries was seen during the Covid period, significant fall was seen in genital and esophageal cancer. There was no difference in postoperative complication; however, the postoperative mortality was significantly higher. A total of 71 patients had Covid 19, of which 62 were preoperative and 9 postoperative, while 30/38 health care workers contracted Covid 19, of which 7 had the infection twice and 3 were infected after two doses of vaccination, there was no mortality in health care workers.
Conclusion
The present study demonstrate higher mortality rates after surgery in cancer patients, with no significant change in morbidity rates. A substantial proportion of HCWs were also infected though there was no mortality among this group, suggesting high mortality despite following the guidelines and protocols.
HPV genotypes in high-grade cervical lesions and invasive cervical carcinoma detected in Gabonese women
Authors: Moussavou-Boundzanga Pamela , Koumakpayi Ismaël Hervé , Aloghe Corinne Engohan , Chansi Junie K. , Revignet Rose , Leroy Eric.M , Berthet Nicolas
Published: July 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women worldwide, but particularly affects women living in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Screening and vaccination programs are two prevention approaches that can reduce cervical cancer incidence. However, effective vaccination campaigns require better knowledge of the prevalence of the main human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes reported in high-grade neoplastic lesions and invasive carcinomas in women. Methods: All samples collected in this study were processed using standard histopathological methods with haematoxylin and eosin staining of the sections. Areas with abnormal cells were then identified . The HPV genotype was determined on the DNA extracted from the same sections using nested PCR followed by amplicon sequencing and real-time PCR specific to five different HPV genotypes (16, 18, 33, 45 and 58).Results: A total of 132 Gabonese patients with high-grade neoplastic lesions were included in this study; 81% were squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). At least one HPV was detected in 92.4% patients; HPV16 (75.4%) was the most frequent genotype, followed by HPV18, 58, 45, 33 and 35. Moreover, histological analysis showed that SCC samples had 50% and 58.2% stage III and IV tumor cells, respectively, according to the FIGO classification. Finally, 36.9% of these stage III and IV patients were less than 50 years old. Conclusions: Our results confirm the high prevalence of HPV16 and 18 genotypes among high-grade lesions in Gabonese women. This study confirms the need for a national strategy for early screening of precancerous lesions associated with a broad national vaccination program among non-sexually active women to significantly reduce the long-term cancer burden.
Curcumin in diet modulate central fatty acid levels and mRNA expression of appetite regulating neuropeptides and enhances growth via GH-GHR-IGF axis in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus
Authors: MV Sruthi , Lekha Divya
Published: July 2022

Curcumin in 0.5 and 1% doses were given as a feed additive to tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) for 100 days to evaluate the effect of curcumin on fatty acid levels in the brain, appetite and growth axis-related gene expressions. A total of 180 fish were randomly stocked into 650 L tanks and fed with basal feed during acclimatization. Three treatment groups were established with each having three replicates and each replicate had 20 fish. They were fed twice on the experimental diets of 10% body weight ration per fish. Gas chromatography analysis revealed a significant change in the amount of total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in the tilapia brain. The present study indicated an increase in n-3 (omega-3) and n-6 (omega-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the brain. Real-time quantification of appetite and growth-related gene expressions revealed a significant modulation in their mRNA expressions.
Exenatide regulates Th17/Treg balance via PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway in db/db mice
Authors: Xu Qinqin , Zhang Xiaoling , Li Tao , Shao Shiying
Published: July 2022

Background
The T helper 17 (Th17)/T regulatory (Treg) cell imbalance is involved in the course of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the current study, the exact role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) exenatide on regulating the Th17/Treg balance and the underlying molecular mechanisms are investigated in obese diabetic mice model.
Methods
Metabolic parameters were monitored in db/db mice treated with/without exenatide during 8-week study period. The frequencies of Th17 and Treg cells in vivo and in vitro were assessed. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) pathway was detected by western blotting.
Results
Exenatide treatment obviously improved β-cell function and insulitis. Increased Th17 and decreased Treg cells in peripheral blood were present as diabetes progressed while exenatide corrected this imbalance. Progressive IL-17 + T cell infiltration of pancreatic islets was alleviated by exenatide intervention. In vitro study showed that palmitate could promote Th17 but suppress Treg differentiation along with down-regulating the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/FoxO1, which could be reversed by exenatide intervention. FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856 could abrogate all these effects of exenatide against lipid stress.
Conclusions
Exenatide could protect β-cell function in db/db mice partially by restoring Th17/Treg balance via PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway.
Alvarez varifocal X-ray lens
Authors: Dhamgaye Vishal , Laundy David , Moxham Thomas , Baldock Sara , Khosroabadi Hossein , Fox Oliver , Sawhney Kawal
Published: July 2022

In the X-ray region, there exist optical elements analogous to lenses and mirrors for visible light. For visible light, a variable focusing power can be achieved by Alvarez lenses which consist of a pair of inline planar refractors with a cubic thickness profile, which when laterally displaced in opposite directions result in a parabolic component to the wavefront. This paper reports an implementation of this concept for X-rays using two planar microfabricated refractive elements which when used in conjunction with an elliptical mirror focusing system allowed the focal plane to be moved by up to 2 mm with high precision and within milli-seconds. The study presents the first working proof of an Alvarez lens for the adaptive correction of astigmatism and defocus aberrations of X-ray optics.