bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging Insights into the Endocrine Regulation of Bone Homeostasis by Gut Microbiome
Authors: Hansdah Kirtal , Lui Julian C
Published: June 2024

Gut microbiota plays an important role in the regulation of bone homeostasis and bone health. Recent studies showed that these effects could be mediated through microbial metabolites released by the microbiota like short-chain fatty acids, metabolism of endogenous molecules such as bile acids, or a complex interplay between microbiota, the endocrine system, and the immune system. Importantly, some studies showed a reciprocal relationship between the endocrine system and gut microbiota. For instance, postmenopausal estrogen deficiency could lead to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, which could in turn affect various immune response and bone remodeling. In addition, evidence showed that shift in the indigenous gut microbiota caused by antibiotics treatment may also impact normal skeletal growth and maturation. In this mini-review, we describe recent findings on the role of microbiome in bone homeostasis, with a particular focus on molecular mechanisms and their interactions with the endocrine and immune system. We will also discuss the recent findings on estrogen deficiency and microbiota dysbiosis, and the clinical implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis and other bone disorders.
Brainstem Gliomas With Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutation: Natural History, Clinical-Radiological Features, Management Strategy, and Long-Term Outcome
Authors: Pan Changcun , Zhang Mingxin , Xiao Xiong , Li Tian , Liu Zhiming , Wang Yujin , Xie Luyang , Mai Yiying , Wu Zhen , Zhang Junting , Zhang Liwei
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

This study aimed to investigate the clinical, radiological, pathological features, treatment options, and outcomes of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)–mutant brainstem gliomas (BSG-IDH
mut
).

METHODS:

A retrospective analysis of 22 patients diagnosed with BSG-IDH
mut
and treated at our institution from January 2011 to January 2017 was performed. Their clinical, radiological data, and long-term outcomes were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS:

The median age of patients was 38.5 years, with a male predominance (63.6%). All patients had IDH1 and TP53 mutations, with noncanonical IDH mutations in 59.1% of cases, 06-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation in 55.6%, and alpha-thalassemia mental retardation X-linked loss in 63.2%, respectively. Tumors were primarily located in the pontine-medullary oblongata (54.5%) and frequently involved the pontine brachium (50%). Most tumors exhibited ill-defined boundaries (68.2%), no T2-FLAIR mismatch (100%), and no contrast enhancement (86.3%). Two radiological growth patterns were also identified: focal and extensively infiltrative, which were associated with the treatment strategy when tumor recurred. Seven patients (31.8%) received surgery only and 15 (68.2%) surgery plus other therapy. The median overall survival was 124.8 months, with 1-year, 2-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival rates of 81.8%, 68.2%, 54.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. Six patients experienced tumor recurrence, and all retained their radiological growth patterns, with 2 transformed into central nervous system World Health Organization grade 4.

CONCLUSION:

BSG-IDH
mut
represents a unique subgroup of brainstem gliomas with distinctive features and more favorable prognosis compared with other brainstem gliomas. Further research is required to better understand the molecular mechanisms and optimize treatment strategies for this rare and complex disease.
The genome sequence of a soldier beetle, Cantharis flavilabris Fallén, 1807
Authors: Barclay Maxwell V. L. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: June 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Cantharis flavilabris (soldier beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Cantharidae). The genome sequence is 348.3 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 7 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.5 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 22,711 protein coding genes.
The genome sequence of the pendulous wing-moss, Antitrichia curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid. (Leucodontaceae)
Authors: Bell David , Long David G. ,   Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Genome Acquisition Lab,   Plant Genome Sizing collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: June 2024

We present a haploid genome assembly from an individual Antitrichia curtipendula gametophyte (the pendulous wing-moss; Bryophyta; Bryopsida; Leucodontales; Leucodontaceae). The genome sequence is 400.5 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 10 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial and plastid genome assemblies have lengths of 106.51 kilobases and 124.87 kilobases in length, respectively.
Education of Children of Primary School Age in a Family Environment: to the Formulation of the Problem
Authors: Demidova S.
Published: June 2024

The article proposes for discussion the current problem of home education for primary schoolchildren, considers the reasons for choosing and ways to implement this form of education, and notes the risks that arise. Options for the possible integration of professional and family pedagogy, the organization of interaction between parents and school teachers to increase the efficiency of students’ mastery of general education programs in primary schools, as well as their successful socialization, are described. Attention is paid to home education of children with disabilities, children with special status, as well as the practice of distance learning, tested during the pandemic.
Model of Positive Socialization of Younger Schoolchildren in the Process of Educational and Research Activities
Authors: Romanova M. , Davoyan Irina
Published: June 2024

The article discusses a model of educational and research activities for the positive socialization of primary school students. Methods, forms and sections of research activity that contribute to this process are presented. During the practical experience of using the developed model, it was determined that it is a suitable tool for use in educational and research activities, and is also effective as a “soft” means of positive socialization for primary school students.
Formation of Ecological Culture of Younger Schoolchildren Based on the Academic Subject “The World Around Us”
Authors: Artyuhova I.
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the problem of developing the ecological culture of primary school students in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education (FSES PGE) and the Federal Educational Program for Primary General Education (FEP PGE). The process of environmental education is built on the basis of the relationship between the values of environmental culture and traditional Russian spiritual and moral values. The criteria for the effectiveness of methodological work are highlighted. As an example, a scientific and methodological development for a lesson on the subject “The World Around Us” is presented.
Development of Semantic Reading Skills When Working with Works of Art in the Third Grade9p
Authors: Rozhkova M.
Published: June 2024

The article examines the features of the formation of semantic reading skills in third-grade students in literary reading lessons, which determine the organization of work with works of different genres in accordance with the updated Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education. General approaches to the analysis of epic and lyrical works are presented, the specifics of the methodology for teaching the skills of perception and interpretation of poetic and prose texts are revealed.
Activation of Communicative Activities of Younger Schoolchildren During “The World Around Us” Lessons (Part 2)
Authors: Vinogradova Natalya
Published: June 2024

The article proposes for discussion the contribution of primary schoolchildren studying the subject “The World Around Us” to the development of their speech and verbal communication. Based on the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education and the Federal Educational Program for Primary General Education, the methodology for developing dialogic speech (educational dialogues, didactic games), as well as descriptions and narratives in younger schoolchildren is revealed.
Modern Methods of Developing Cognitive Universal Learning Activities in Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Yankovskaya Tat'yana
Published: June 2024

The article discusses pedagogical techniques for the development of logical, research, informational universal educational activities in primary schoolchildren in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education. The role of the teacher in creating conditions for enhancing the cognitive activity of students in primary school is characterized. Practical recommendations are offered for organizing educational activities that contribute to the effective formation of cognitive universal educational activities in primary schoolchildren.
Different Methods of Memorization As One of the Conditions for Individualizing the Process of Learning Poems
Authors: Hlytchiev I.
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the peculiarities of children’s perception of information and different ways of memorizing the texts of poetic works. Data from an empirical study of individual preferences for the method of memorization are presented. The need is confirmed to take into account the individual qualities of students when they perceive information, as well as to develop in children an awareness of the ability to use different methods based on their strengths when memorizing and reproducing texts of poems.
Extracurricular Activity Course Program for Third- and Fourth-Graders: “Verbal Creativity” (Part 2)
Authors: Nikitina E.
Published: June 2024

The article presents a program for a course of extracurricular activities, the purpose of which is to develop the verbal creativity of younger schoolchildren. The content part of the “Verbal Creativity” program provides not only analytical work with texts of different genres, but also “immersion” of the child into a state of creative research and writing. The program offers methodological recommendations for the teacher, which make it possible to provide conditions for students to understand the creative act as a stage in the creation of a text, subject to their own ideas.
The Role and Mechanism of Meditation on Physical Health and Well-Being – a literature review
Authors: Rutkowska Marta , Bieńko Mateusz , Król Tomasz , Toborek Michalina , Marchaj Magdalena , Korta Karolina , Putra Anna , Niedziela Natalia , Margas Mikołaj
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
The latest researches concerning the effect of the meditation on the well-being show the increased number of meditation proponents due to its benefits to the mental resilience, stress management and also general health. Meditation is increasingly recognized globally for promoting overall well-being.
Purpose:
This study investigates impact of meditation on mental and physical well-being. It aims at understanding the mechanisms behind the improvements of health, giving special emphasis on its use as a treatment tool and a prevention measure.
State of Knowledge:
Meditation is validated in terms of the amount of data proving its positive effects on psychological and physical health. Ranging from stress reduction to immune system modulation, cognitive enhancements, and cardiovascular benefits, meditation turns out to be a wide applicability tool. Mediation perception factors such as cultural and social aspects are contrasted, stressing the important of research on its original Buddhist context. Meditation, due to cultural differences, still is a controversial in many areas, especially in social work.
Summary:
Meditation is a diverse tool for the promotion of the whole person well-being including stress reduction, immunity modulation, enhancement in cognition and cardiovascular health. It is crucial for building resilience, an important part of preventive and clinical psychology, and the medically oriented stress management. Noticing the role of culture, meditation is a significant aid to the improvement of personal, educator, and healthcare provider well-being. Meditation is a versatile tool that can be integrated into various practices, enhancing the overall well-being and life-coping skills of individuals and professionals alike.
Skin appendage abnormalities in hypothyroidism: understanding and management
Authors: Billewicz Marta , Turek Aleksandra , Makowska Karolina , Lis Laura , Marczyk Aleksandra , Popiołek Adam , Pietrzykowska Julia
Published: June 2024

Introduction and purpose
Thyroid ailments are frequently encountered in medical practice, often intertwined with a variety of conditions that may or may not share common underlying factors. Among the organs profoundly influenced by these disorders is the skin, which manifests a diverse array of clinical presentations. However, the exact changes in the structure of skin appendages have not been well studied. Changes in hair structure or nail findings may be helpful in early diagnosis of thyroid disorders and therefore are important for dermatologist education. Hair loss can be a very uncomfortable and embarrassing ailment. Many diseases, nutritional deficiencies, stress and other factors can affect the hair condition and even induce its falling out. This review seeks to explore the numerous skin disorders arising directly or indirectly from thyroid irregularities, offering an updated understanding of the interplay between thyroid function and skin health.
State of Knowledge
It is well-established in scientific literature that thyroid gland disorders, particularly hypothyroidism, induce metabolic deceleration, influencing the inadequate nourishment of skin appendages, resulting in skin dryness and fragility. Patients commonly report pallor, cold intolerance, and deteriorating hair and nail quality.
Conclusion
We noticed strong correlation between hair loss and the autoimmune process during the dysfunction of thyroid. Euthyroidism plays an important role in hair cycle and any changes can disturb its proper development. In Hashimoto disease elevated levels of antibodies negatively influence hair cycle by excessively inducing telogen phase.  Moreover, the blood vessels of the skin constrict disrupting the blood flow which affects hair follicles.
Pricing Optimal Outcomes in Coupled and Non-Convex Markets: Theory and Applications to Electricity Markets
Authors: Ahunbay Mete Şeref , Bichler Martin , Knörr Johannes
Published: June 2024

The clearing of nonconvex markets poses unique challenges. The canonical market clearing, a Walrasian equilibrium, needs not exist when participants’ preferences display nonconvexities, for example, due to technical constraints. Then market clearing prices might not exist, and side payments may be required to compensate losses. Electricity markets are a prime example. Market operators in the United States use heuristic pricing rules to compute market prices; the magnitude of the side payments, potential lost opportunity costs, and the quality of network congestion signals in prices have all become a concern. In “Pricing Optimal Outcomes in Coupled and Non-Convex Markets: Theory and Applications to Electricity Markets,” Ahunbay, Bichler, and Knörr propose a multiobjective framework for pricing such markets. The design goals are shown to be inherently conflicting but may be balanced against each other through traditional methods in multiobjective optimization. Pricing rules used in practice are identified as prices for a suitably convexified market, which motivates a novel pricing method that drastically reduces side payments while maintaining congestion signals in realistic test cases.
Refractory depressive disorder as the first manifestation of adolescent Sjögren’s syndrome, successfully treated with rituximab
Authors: El-Ouakhoumi Amal , Joulal Hajar , Yousfi Jaouad , Benjilali Laila , Zahlane Mouna , Essaadouni Lamiaa
Published: June 2024

Background: The psychiatric manifestations of Sjögren’s syndrome are often overlooked despite their prevalence. They can be revelatory of the disease and include anxiety, depression, dementia and, rarely, psychosis. Case description: We report a case of 18-year-old female in whom a major depressive syndrome revealed primary Sjögren’s disease, with a favourable outcome after treatment with rituximab. Conclusion: The diagnostic of Sjögren’s syndrome should be considered in patients who present with unexplained and refractory neuropsychiatric symptoms, even in the absence of sicca symptoms.
Morphological Properties of Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Gelatin contained Indonesian Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Abalone Nanofibrous Scaffold by Electrospinning
Authors:   Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia., Sari Mona , Cahyati Nilam ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Yusuf Yusril ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia,   Collaborative Research Center for Biomedical Scaffold, National Research and Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Published: June 2024

One strategy for dealing with bone defects is replicating and reconstructing artificial bone for bone tissue engineering (BTE) application, known as the scaffold. Bone consists of an extracellular matrix (ECM) which, at the nanoscale, has a fibrous structure that can be replicated in synthetic scaffolds using an electrospinning method. This work describes the analysis of the morphological properties of Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/Gelatin contained Indonesian carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) abalone nanoparticle scaffold by electrospun nanofiber. CHA nanoparticles were produced using a co-precipitation method, and nanofibrous PVA/Gelatin/CHA 5 wt% scaffold was fabricated by electrospinning. The synthesized CHA produced the same condition as B-type CHA, ensured by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) tests. The morphological properties of PVA/Gelatin/CHA are analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The SEM image indicated that PVA/Gelatin nanofiber tended to have a fine morphology without beads. The agglomeration of the PVA/Gelatin/CHA 5 wt% nanofiber scaffold can be neglected because it is still on the sub-micron scale (1 μm–100 nm). Moreover, adding CHA 5 wt% in the PVA/Gelatin matrix decreased the average fiber diameter. The diameter fiber results are within the fiber diameter range (100–450 nm) in native bone ECM. Therefore, PVA/Gelatin/CHA 5 wt% has the potential to serve as an alternative scaffold material for BTE application.
Learning Pathways in Dutch VET Compared in Terms of Curriculum Design Aspects and Students' Acquired VET Diplomas and Transitions to Higher VET Levels
Authors: Biemans Harm , Klatter Ellen , Mariën Hans , Van der Meijden Arjan , Kreutz Frank
Published: June 2024

Purpose: During the last decade, new continuing learning pathways have been designed and implemented in the Dutch Vocational Education and Training (VET) column aiming to foster students' transitions between successive educational levels. Prototypical examples of such continuing learning pathways are the Green Lyceum (GL) and the Technical Talent Development programme (TTD). In the present exploratory study, GL and TTD were compared in terms of curriculum design aspects and students' acquired VET diplomas and transitions to higher VET levels. 
Methods: Ten curriculum design aspects of GL and TTD were described through curriculum description forms and focus group discussions to be able to determine similarities and differences between both learning trajectories. Moreover, acquisition of VET diplomas and transitions to higher VET levels of students from both programmes were compared. 
Findings: The ultimate goal of GL was to promote student transitions to higher professional bachelor (HBO) programmes while TTD mainly intended to increase student numbers in the technical domain at the secondary VET level. For GL, a new and integrated VET curriculum was built with specific ingredients to prepare students for the HBO level. For TTD, the contents of the regular VET programmes were roof tile stacked in an accelerated curriculum with a stronger focus on vocation-oriented assignments in the technical domain. 
Conclusion: If the ultimate goal of a continuing learning pathway is to promote students' transitions to higher VET levels, curriculum design aspects as represented in GL seem more effective. However, if the focus is on promoting students' diploma acquisition at lower VET levels for specific sectors, curriculum design aspects as represented in TTD seem more effective.
Deep learning model for fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing seismic data compression based on autoencoder and recurrent neural networks
Authors: Wang Honghui , Yang Xike , Zeng Shangkun , Liu Tong , Wang Xiang , Wang Yiru
Published: June 2024

Because of the extremely high sampling rate of fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) equipment, the amount of DAS seismic data collected is enormous, which poses great challenges to the transmission and storage of DAS seismic data. Therefore, it is essential to study the compression methods of DAS seismic data. Existing data compression methods such as wavelet transform, cosine transform, and convolutional autoencoder (CAE) still have room for improvement in the compression performance and compression ratio (CR). Thus, we have proposed what we believe to be is a novel deep learning model called the recurrent autoencoder (RAE) for high-performance compression of DAS seismic data. Under different CRs, we have designed performance evaluation experiments for RAE models based on different RNN modules with different loss functions. When the CR of the RAE model is 8, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the reconstructed DAS seismic data reaches 40.60 dB, which is better than that of the CAE’s 11.58 dB. The ultimate CR was increased to 512 without reducing the compression quality, which is 4.12 times higher than the CAE model. The LSTM with a weighted loss function improves the SNR to 43.66 dB at a CR of 8, which is 3.06 dB higher than the LSTM with additive loss function. The results show that the RAE model proposed with a weighted loss function in this paper has excellent DAS seismic data compression performance and provides a high CR, which can be widely applied in large-scale DAS seismic data compression.
Sensitivity enhanced electric field sensing with etched tilted fiber Bragg grating and a liquid crystal
Authors: Yang Hongkun , Wang Chao , Jin Guangyong , Yang Shiliang , Xin Chao , Chen Hongjie , Liang Zijun
Published: June 2024

A temperature-insensitive electric field sensor utilizing HF-etched tilted gratings in
a high refractive index solution (E7 liquid crystal) is proposed. The
electric field causes a change in the original arrangement of
molecules, thereby altering the refractive index of liquid crystals.
This study demonstrates that a combination of liquid crystal and
HF-etched tilted gratings effectively excites the cladding leakage
mode of the tilted grating. Compared to a non-etched tilted fiber
Bragg grating, the proposed sensor exhibits higher sensitivity to
electric fields. The experimental results show that the electric field
sensitivity of a tilted grating with a diameter of 17.7 µm is
0.024 dB/(kV/cm). The influence of external temperature on the
electric field sensor of this design is relatively small, only showing
a sensitivity of 0.003 dB/°C. This characteristic is very
attractive in practical applications such as industry and
healthcare.
Modeling and experimental characterization of two-wave mixing in Yb-doped fiber amplifiers
Authors: Hauge Jakob M. , Pedersen Jens E. , Bondu Magalie , Laegsgaard Jesper
Published: June 2024

Two-wave mixing between forward- and backward-propagating signal light has recently been observed in frequency-modulated single-frequency fiber laser systems. The phenomenon is a potential limiting factor for power scaling of such frequency-tunable lasers. In this contribution, we derive a perturbative coupled-mode theory for two signals that counter-propagate in an Yb-doped fiber with a constant frequency detuning. We apply the theory to analyze experimental results dedicated to extracting the central material parameter that relates the Yb inversion to a (real) refractive-index change. The perturbative theory is derived to all orders, and argued to be convergent. The experimental results and our analysis support previous estimates of the ratio between changes in the gain coefficient and the refractive index.
Simplifying tailored generation of complex structured femtosecond pulses with easily fabricated phase plates
Authors: Veselá Petra , Junek Jiří , Doleček Roman , Kaván František , Guesmi Mariem , Žídek Karel
Published: June 2024

This article presents a novel approach to targeted 4f pulse shaping using phase plates fabricated by single-point diamond turning (SPDT) machining. The manufacturing of the phase plates using SPDT is versatile, cost-effective, fast, robust, and applicable across a wide range of optical materials, spanning from visible to far-infrared spectra (e.g., PMMA, ZnSe). Manufactured profiles can be used for phase manipulation and pulse structuring, analogously to programable spatial light modulators (SLM). We demonstrate that the pulse waveforms can be reproduced with high fidelity by simple simulations based on calculating optical path differences induced by the phase plate for each wavelength and taking into account the finite focal spot. The simulated and reconstructed frequency-resolved optical gating spectrograms featured G errors between 1–2% and intensity errors between 0.02–0.06. Even for complex structured pulses with the rms value of the time-bandwidth product reaching 12, our method maintains high precision, in some cases even reaching lower G error compared to simpler waveforms. Finally, we also show that the phase plate can be used to attain a set of uncorrelated pulse waveforms by moving the plate relatively to the dispersed laser spectrum. Overall, this approach bypasses common limitations associated with pulse shaping using SLMs, such as pixelation, pixel cross-talk, and spectral or laser fluences constraints.
Multi-parameter information detection of aircraft taxiing on an airport runway based on an ultra-weak FBG sensing array
Authors: Liu Mingqiu , Xu Yimin , Guo Jinding , Wang Juntao , Li Sheng , Ma Junjie , Sun Lizhi
Published: June 2024

Tracking the moving state and analyzing the distribution feature of an aircraft taxiing on the pavement are crucial for runway safety management. One challenge is to provide a reliable methodology that would enable such needs to be addressed in long-distance range runway with high sensitivity and spatial resolution. This paper proposed a novel monitoring approach for acquiring multi-parameter information of aircraft taxiing on airport runway based on distributed vibration detected by ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing array. For an actual engineering equipped with the smart runway system, the ultra-weak FBG sensing technology was applied to collect the distributed vibration responses of taxiing aircraft in takeoff and landing stages. The monitoring data of the vibration sensing optical cables beneath the entire pavement were directly utilized to evaluate the identification feasibility and effectiveness of taxiing speed and position, landing distribution, and taxiing acceleration and distance based on samples of five representative aircraft types. The results indicated that the speed, position, aiming point offset, acceleration changes and probability distribution of the taxiing distance can be revealed based on actual measurements concerning the distribution of vibration intensity with respect to space and time. Moreover, the analysis demonstrated that the experimental results based on ultra-weak FBG sensing array was able to account for the characteristic of different aircraft types participating in the study and the current operating conditions of the airport.
SBS suppression in fiber amplifiers with a broadband seed
Authors: White Jeffrey O. , Brown David M. , Goers Andy , Cannon Brice M. , Menyuk Curtis R.
Published: June 2024

We present a scalar, time-dependent, plane-wave model for stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) within a fiber amplifier having a seed linewidth comparable to, or greater than, the Brillouin frequency shift. The broadband model introduces the existence of a backward anti-Stokes wave, in addition to the Stokes wave present in the narrowband model. The model also incorporates a Fresnel reflection within the fiber or at the exit face. In the absence of Fresnel reflections, the SBS threshold increases linearly with seed linewidth, up to linewidths of at least three times the Brillouin frequency shift. In the presence of Fresnel reflections that seed the Stokes wave, the threshold increases sub-linearly, which agrees with previously reported experimental results. For non-zero reflections and modulation formats with very compact spectra, the threshold can decrease with bandwidth in the region 16–24 GHz due to seeding of the Stokes wave.
NLOS visible light positioning and communication based on LoRa modulation
Authors: Lin Bangjiang , Yang Jingxian , Nie Kangning , Pan Yadong , Chao Jianshu , Luo Jiabin , Yu Hongtao , Huang Yixiang , Yan Shujie , Ghassemlooy Zabih
Published: June 2024

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, location-based services are becoming increasingly important, especially in indoor environments. Visible light positioning (VLP) has garnered widespread attention due to its high accuracy, low cost, and immunity to the radio frequency electromagnetic interference. However, traditional VLP relies on line-of-sight paths, making it impractical in complex and dynamic indoor environments. In this paper, we propose a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) visible light positioning and communication system based on LoRa modulation to address the issue of link obstruction. LoRa is employed to recover position information transmitted from light emitting diodes (LEDs) over NLOS links, enabling reliable communication under weak lighting conditions. We establish a geometric relationship between the LED and the virtual image of the photodetector (PD). Leveraging the NLOS channel model, we derive the relationship between the received signal strength and the distance from LEDs to the virtual image of the PD. Through this relationship, the trilateration method is applied to calculate the position of the receiver. Based on experimental results, the proposed system achieves 90th percentile localization accuracy of less than 25 and 35 cm for the PD heights of 60 and 80 cm, respectively.
Bandwidth-induced saturation in multimode fiber-based absorbers
Authors: Sulimany Kfir , Halevi Dotan , Gat Omri , Bromberg Yaron
Published: June 2024

Multimode fiber-based saturable absorbers enable mode-locking in
lasers, generating ultrafast pulses and providing an exceptional
platform for investigating nonlinear phenomena. Previous analyses in
the continuous-wave (CW) limit showed that saturable absorption can be
obtained due to nonlinear interactions between transverse modes. We
find experimentally that saturable absorption can be achieved, thanks
to the interplay of single-mode fiber nonlinearity and the
wavelength-dependent linear transmission of the multimode fiber, even
with negligible intermodal nonlinearities. We further show that even
when intermodal nonlinearities are significant, the CW analysis may
not be sufficient for long multimode fibers. Understanding the
underlying mechanisms of multimode fiber-based saturable absorbers
opens new possibilities for developing programmable devices for
ultrafast control.
Phase-tuned acousto-optic spatial filter
Authors: Yushkov Konstantin B. , Chizhikov Alexander I. , Obydennov Dmitry V. , Molchanov Vladimir Ya.
Published: June 2024

An acousto-optic (AO) tunable filter with a phase-controlled dual-section piezoelectric transducer is designed and created for laser beam shaping (LBS). Owing to the acoustic beam steering effect, we experimentally observe splitting of the two-dimensional transfer function. As a result, we demonstrate generation of tunable bottle laser beams and dual-ring intensity distributions for the diffracted beam.
UV 30 fs laser pulse generation using a multi-pass cell
Authors: Hariton Victor , Jiang Yujiao , Schönberg Arthur , Seidel Marcus , Wieland Marek , Prandolini Mark J. , Hartl Ingmar , Drescher Markus , Heyl Christoph M.
Published: June 2024

Ultrashort ultraviolet (UV) pulses are pivotal for resolving ultrafast
electron dynamics. However, their efficient generation is strongly
impeded by material dispersion and two-photon absorption, in
particular, if pulse durations around a few tens of femtoseconds or
below are targeted. Here, we present a new (to our knowledge) approach
to ultrashort UV pulse generation: using the fourth-harmonic
generation output of a commercial ytterbium laser system delivering
220 fs UV pulses, we implement a multi-pass cell (MPC)
providing 5.6 µJ pulses at 256 nm, compressed to
30.5 fs. Our results set a short-wavelength record for MPC
post-compression while offering attractive options to navigate the
trade-off between upconversion efficiency and acceptance bandwidth for
UV pulse production.
Development of a Rayleigh–Brillouin scattering spectrometer for fast high-gas-temperature measurements
Authors: Pi Sihao , Wu Tao , Yan Hongda , Yang Jun , Ye Chenwen , He Xingdao
Published: June 2024

We proposed a Rayleigh–Brillouin scattering (RBS) spectrometer based on a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) for fast measurements of high-gas temperature. We measured the RBS spectra of air in the temperature range of 374 to 1073 K with an acquisition time of 7 s. We used the Tenti S6 model to fit the spectra and retrieve the absolute temperature values. The root mean square errors of spectra fit residual were less than 3.05%, and the absolute error of the retrieved temperature was less than 39 K. This study demonstrated the ability of the RBS spectrometer to realize fast high-temperature measurement and its potential for combustion control applications.
Topological solitons in coupled Su–Schrieffer–Heeger waveguide arrays
Authors: Sabour Khalil , Kartashov Yaroslav V.
Published: June 2024

We investigate the formation of multipole topological solitons at the edges of two and three coupled parallel Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) waveguide arrays. We show that independent variations of waveguide spacing in the unit cells (dimers) in coupled waveguide arrays result in the emergence at their edges of several topological edge states with different internal symmetries. The number of emerging edge states is determined by how many arrays are in topologically nontrivial phase. In the presence of nonlinearity, such edge states give rise to families of multipole topological edge solitons with distinct stability properties. Our results illustrate that coupling between quasi-one-dimensional topological structures substantially enriches the variety of stable topological edge solitons existing in them.
Effizienter Datenmanagement-Workflow zur Analyse eines PtGtX-Systems basierend auf Open-Source-Software und Low-Cost-Hardware
Authors: Clees Tanja , Bareev-Rudy Michael , Pfennig Malte
Published: June 2024

Um ein Power-to-Gas-to-X-System effizient zu optimieren, kann ein digitaler Zwilling als Simulationsmodell auf Basis experimenteller Daten für ein Laborsystem erstellt und entsprechend verändert werden. Darüber hinaus müssen für die Überwachung des realen Systems bzw. die Online-Simulation kontinuierlich Daten aus Experiment und Simulation erfasst und verarbeitet werden. Insgesamt ist ein effizienter Datenmanagement-Workflow erforderlich.

In dieser Arbeit wird ein Workflow aus freier, etablierter und skalierbarer Open-Source-Software für die vorliegende Anwendung skizziert und insbesondere ein geeignetes Datenmodell entwickelt, implementiert und seine ressourcensparende Realisierung auf kostengünstiger Hardware gezeigt. Abhängig von der Datenmodellierung kann preiswerte und alte Hardware für die geforderte Aufgabe ausreichend sein.

Mit Apache NiFi wird ein visueller Workflow zum Abrufen und Verarbeiten von Daten aus verschiedenen Quellen geschaffen. Die extrahierten Daten werden in Apache Cassandra aggregiert, einem Datensystem, das aufgrund seiner Leistung, Skalierbarkeit und Haltbarkeit häufig verwendet wird.

Grafana wird zur visuellen Überwachung des Systems eingesetzt. Das gesamte System wird mit Hilfe von Docker-Containern aufgebaut zum Zwecke der Reproduzierbarkeit und effizienten Bereitstellung.

Benchmarks und realistische Hardware- und Datenmodellierungskonfigurationen demonstrieren die Leistung der vorgeschlagenen Lösung.
Zur Nutzung von Digitalen Zwillingen zur Entwicklung von Metaverse-Anwendungen
Authors: Rührlinger Christian , Stary Christian , Jost Thomas Ernst
Published: June 2024

Das Metaverse stellt ein immersives Konzept für die Bereitstellung von Diensten in virtuellen Räumen bereit, basierend auf einer Vielzahl von Technologien, wie jenen der erweiterten Realität. Aufgrund des Potentials zur Unterstützung von Geschäftsfällen, gewinnt es zunehmend an Bedeutung für Organisationen. In diesem Kontext kann die humanzentrierte Entwicklung und der operative Einsatz von Metaverse-Anwendungen mittels digitaler Zwillingsansätze unterstützt werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht diesbezüglich bestehende Ansätze. Ziel ist es, Nutzer*innen und Entwickler*innen in der stakeholdergerechten und damit effektiven Nutzung von digitalen Zwillingstechnologien zum Zwecke der Entwicklung und des Einsatzes von Metaverse-Anwendungen anleiten zu können. Die dargestellten Erkenntnisse basieren auf einer Analyse etablierter Konzeptionen hinsichtlich ihrer Tauglichkeit, unter Berücksichtigung der einzigartigen Anforderungen, welche sich durch Metaverse-Anwendungen ergeben. Unter Zugrundelegung einer adaptierten Konzeptbildung des digitalen Zwillings, wird dieser nicht ausschließlich als Abbildung der physischen Welt betrachtet, sondern es werden auch Prozesse, die exklusiv in digitaler Form ablaufen, integriert. Wir stellen hierzu einen entsprechenden Entwicklungs- und Einsatzrahmen vor.
Associations between disordered eating behaviour and sexual behaviour amongst emerging adults attending a tertiary education institution in Coastal Kenya
Authors: Chea Stevenson K. , Kazienga Adama , Oyugi Eunice A. , Menza Isaac , Nasambu Carophine , Ibrahim Fauz , Abdullahi Osman A. , Hassan Amin S. , Abubakar Amina , Michielsen Kristien , Abbeddou Souheila
Published: June 2024

Background

Sexual behavior (SB) is a well-documented pathway to HIV acquisition in emerging adults and remains common amongst African emerging adults. Previous research in high-income countries indicates a correlation between disordered eating behavior (DEB) and engaging in sexual behaviors. We aimed to describe the relationship between DEB and SB amongst emerging adults attending a tertiary educational institution at the Kenyan Coast.

Methods

We applied a cross-sectional design nested in a young adults’ cohort study. Eligibility included sexually active emerging adults aged 18–24 years. Three DEBs (emotional, restrained and external eating) were assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and analysed using exploratory factor analysis. Seven SB indicators were assessed: non-condom use, casual sex, multiple sex partners, transactional sex, group sex, age-disparate relationship and anal sex, and grouped into low vs. high SB using latent class analysis. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between DEB and SB.

Results

Of 273 eligible participants (female, n = 110 [40.3%]), the mean of emotional, restrained and external eating was 1.9 [0.6], 2.0 [0.6] and 3.0 [0.5] respectively. Overall, 57 (20.9%) were grouped into the latent high SB class. Emotional (Adjusted odds ratio, AOR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 1.0 [0.9–1.0], p = 0.398), restrained (AOR, 1.0 [CI: 0.9–1.1], p = 0.301) and External (AOR, 1.0 [CI: 0.8–1.2], p = 0.523) eating were not independently associated with latent high SB.

Conclusion

There was no significant association between DEB and SB in this study sample. In low- and middle-income countries like Kenya, interventions targeted at DEB among emerging adults towards controlling SB are unnecessary.
Tax structure, government debt, and the relative power of local education supply
Authors: Li Mengqin
Published: June 2024

Policymakers are increasingly focusing on structural adjustment and efficiency to cope with the pressures that the economic downturn has placed on local finances. Accordingly, the Chinese government should shift from using standard passive investments to high-quality active investments for its social guarantees, such as education. Based on panel data of 274 cities from 2010 to 2019, this study conducted the first examination of the impact of tax structure and government debt on the relative power of the local education supply (LES) in China. The study found that, first, in general, increases in the tax structure—represented by the proportion of personal income tax to budgetary revenue strengthen the relative power of LES, which is more sensitive in the southern region with a more developed market economy system. And the impact of government debt—represented by the urban investment debt ratio on the relative power of LES is initially negative and then positive. Second, the study revealed that the tax structure can stimulate the relative power of LES through the intermediary channel of an increase in the urban consumption rate; however, the mechanism of promoting the relative power of LES by encouraging localities to attract more floating populations is not obvious. Third, excessive investment in local governance adjusts the positive effect of local debt on the relative power of LES. Therefore, the government should pay attention to the promotion of personal income tax status, standardize their debt risk management, improve the efficiency of governance, and emphasize the pull of urban consumption, so as to enhance the ability to support livelihood and fully mobilize initiatives for local education development.
Comparison between melatonin versus melatonin and photobiomodulation versus photobiomodulation in the treatment of Alopecia X in German Spitz dogs: Clinical, randomized, double-blind, parallel, non-inferiority protocol
Authors: Amado Martins Flaviana , Almeida da Silva Gabriel , Ligeiro de Oliveira Ana Paula , Gutierrez Duran Cinthya Cosme , Constantin Baltatu Ovidiu , Labat Marcos Rodrigo , Ratto Tempestini Horliana Anna Carolina , Regina Zamuner Stella , Antônio Silva Júnior Jose
Published: June 2024

Canine Alopecia X is a non-inflammatory hair loss disorder of unknown etiology that predominantly affects German Spitz dogs. Treatment modalities include hormone and/or melatonin supplementation and low trauma microneedling. Melatonin influences hair growth and pigmentation in several species and presents a low risk of adverse effects when used in dogs with Alopecia X. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is frequently used in human androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata; despite this, PBM remains unexplored in canine Alopecia X. To address this knowledge gap, sixty dogs of both sexes will be randomly assigned to three groups: (i) melatonin only group (3 mg/Kg, n = 20); (ii) PBM only group (diode laser, wavelength 660nm, 100mw power, with 3 J/point, 2 sessions/week for 3 months, n = 20); (ii) PBM + melatonin group (n = 20). The objective is to determine the potential of PBM alone or in conjunction with melatonin supplementation in promoting hair regrowth (hair density and diameter) by means of dermatoscopy and planimetry over a period of 90 days.
Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) immortalized fibroblasts on novel 3D in vitro collagen-free scaffolds
Authors: Ferretti Lucrezia , Moccia Valentina , Centelleghe Cinzia , Venerando Andrea , Dettin Monica , Sieni Elisabetta , Zamuner Annj , Caicci Federico , Castagnaro Massimo , Zappulli Valentina , Mazzariol Sandro
Published: June 2024

Dolphins, as apex predators, can be considered relevant sentinels of the health of marine ecosystems. The creation of 3D cell models to assessin vitrocell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions in environmental-mimicking conditions, is of considerable interest. However, to date the establishment of cetacean 3D culture systems has not yet been accomplished. Thus, in this study, different 3D systems of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) skin fibroblasts have been analyzed. Particularly, novel scaffolds based on hyaluronic acid and ionic-complementary self-assembling peptides such as RGD-EAbuK and EAbuK-IKVAV have been compared to Matrigel. Histological and fluorescent staining, electron microscopy (TEM) analyses and viability assays have been performed and RT-PCR has been used to detect extracellular matrix (ECM) components produced by cells. Results showed that Matrigel induced cells to form aggregates with lower viability and no ECM production compared to the novel scaffolds. Moreover, scaffolds allowed dispersed cells to produce a collagenous ECM containing collagen1a1, laminin B1 and elastin. The HA-EAbuK-IKVAV scaffold resulted in the most suitable 3D model in terms of cell quantity and viability. The development of this innovative approach is the first step towards the possibility to create 3Din vitromodels for this protected species.