bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APENDISITIS AKUT SUPURATIF ET CAUSA BLASTOCYSTIS HOMINIS
Authors: Lintong Poppy M , Tambajong Eddy H
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Blastocystis hominis is an anaerob protozoan parasite which lives in human and animal intestines. It is a low pathogen, common in tropical areas, and it causes an intestinal tract disease with diarrhea symptoms. Albeit, it is rarely seen in tissue sections. The clinical diagnosis is usually confirmed with a microscopic examination of the stool which can directly find the parasites by using trichrome stain. We reported a case of a 52-year-old man with abdominal pain that was suspected of having a perforated appendix, or an appendix tumor in the differential diagnosis. The appendix macroscopic feature was 7 cm in length and 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter. The cut section showed a widening of its lumen and the distal part was filled with a gelatinous mass. The microscopic slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin showed some infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in the muscle layer of the appendix and foci of round structures in the submucosa layer, known as Blastocystis hominis. Some authors have reported from the endoscopy and biopsy examination that these parasites did not infiltrate into the intestinal mucosa. But in this case, we found their infiltration towards the mucosa and submucosa layers of the appendix.Keywords: Blastocystis hominis, acute suppurative appendicitisAbstrak: Blastocystis hominis adalah parasit protozoa anaerob yang hidup dalam usus manusia maupun hewan, yang sering dijumpai di daerah tropis. Patogenisitas parasit ini rendah tetapi dapat menyebabkan gangguan saluran pencernaan dengan gejala diare. Blastocystis hominis jarang terlihat pada potongan jaringan. Untuk menunjang diagnosis klinis biasanya dilakukan pemeriksaan tinja mikroskopis yang dapat menemukan secara langsung Blastocystis hominis dengan pewarnaan trikrom. Kami melaporkan kasus seorang laki-laki berusia 52 tahun dengan gejala klinis sakit perut yang diduga sebagai apendisitis perforasi, dengan diagnosis diferensial tumor apendiks. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologik jaringan secara makroskopik menunjukkan apendiks berukuran panjang 7 cm dan diameter 1,5-2,5 cm. Pada penampang melintang terlihat lumen sangat melebar, dan bagian distal berisi massa seperti gelatin. Pada sediaan mikroskopik dengan pengecatan rutin H.E. yang memperlihatkan penampang melintang apendiks, tampak lapisan muskularis dengan sebukan sel-sel radang jenis polimorfonuklear. Juga pada salah satu bagian di lapisan submukosa terlihat sejumlah struktur bulat yang menunjukkan gambaran Blastocystis hominis. Beberapa peneliti melaporkan dari hasil endoskopi dan biopsi bahwa parasit ini tidak menginvasi mukosa usus, namun pada kasus ini terlihat Blastocystis hominis telah menembus lapisan mukosa sampai submukosa apendiks.Kata kunci: Blastocystis hominis, apendisitis akut supuratif.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN REMAJA TENTANG HIV/AIDS DI PUSAT PENGEMBANGAN ANAK ID – 127 KELURAHAN RANOMUT MANADO
Authors: Soselisa Stella M. , Palandeng Henry M. F. , Andries Lilian
Published: July 2019

Abstract: AIDS is a collection of symptoms and infections that arise due to the disturbance of the body defence system. There were 24,482 AIDS cases recorded up to the end of March 2011 in 33 provinces in Indonesia. Data from the North Sulawesi Health Department showed that from 1997 until the end of 2010 the distribution of HIV/AIDS continued to increase. This study aimed to find out the understanding about HIV/AIDS in teenagers at the Children’s Development Center ID-127 in Ranomut District, Manado. This was a descriptive study conducted by using a survey method. There were 65 samples of teenagers. The results showed that the teenagers’ understanding about HIV/AIDS was still poor. Their answers about the cause of HIV/AIDS were 27.7% correct; about  the media of infection, 23% correct; about the signs and symptoms, 15.3% correct; about the prevention of HIV/AIDS, 75.3% correct; about the stigma of HIV/AIDS, 63% correct; about using the same utensils, 33.9% correct; and about living in the same house, 49.1% correct. Conclusion: Among the teenagers at the Children’s Development Center ID-127 in Ranomut District, Manado there was poor knowledge about the causes of HIV/AIDS, media of infection, and signs and symptoms; there was good knowledge about prevention of HIV/AIDS; as well as good knowledge about the stigma of HIV/AIDS; but poor knowledge about using the same utensils and living in the same house with HIV/AIDS patients. Keywords: knowledge, teenagers, children development center, HIV/AIDS.   Abstrak: AIDS adalah sekumpulan gejala dan infeksi (sindrom) yang timbul karena terganggunya sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia. Hingga akhir Maret 2011 tercatat 24.482 kasus di 33 provinsi di Indonesia. Data Dinas Kesehatan Sulawesi Utara (Dinkes Sulut) sejak tahun 1997 sampai akhir 2010 memperlihatkan distribusi penderita HIV/AIDS terus mengalami peningkatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan mengenai HIV/AIDS dari remaja di Pusat Pengembangan Anak ID-127 kelurahan Ranomut Manado. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dan dilakukan melalui survei. Jumlah sampel yang diperoleh ialah 65 remaja. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pemahaman tentang HIV/AIDS dari para remaja masih kurang. Pengetahuan remaja tentang penyebab HIV/AIDS yang benar 27,7%; tentang media penularan HIV/AIDS yang benar 23%; tentang gejala-gejala HIV/AIDS yang benar 15,3%; dan tentang pencegahan HIV/AIDS yang benar 75,3%. Simpulan: Pada remaja di PPA ID-127 Kelurahan Ranomut Manado, pengetahuan tentang AIDS: masih kurang, mengenai penyebab HIV/AIDS, media penularan, dan gejala-gejala; baik, mengenai pencegahan HIV/AIDS; baik, mengenai stigma HIV/AIDS, dalam hal ini yaitu berjabat tangan dengan pengidap tidak dapat tertular; dan kurang, mengenai tidak dapat tertular bila memakai peralatan yang sama dengan pengidap dan tinggal serumah dengan pengidap. Kata kunci: pengetahuan, remaja, pusat pengembangan anak, HIV/AIDS.
PENANGANAN PERIOPERATIF PADA ASMA
Authors: Suhartono Christina , Tambajong Harold F , Lalenoh Diana Ch.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: The management of a patient with asthma during surgery requires a special treatment based on thorough clinical and laboratory examinations to reduce complications during surgery and the post-operative state. Asthma is characterized by a difficulty in breathing due to spastic contractions of bronchiolar smooth muscles, which partially block the bronchioles’ airways. The evaluation of asthma patients before anesthesia and surgical procedures is essential to prevent or control the occurence of asthma attacks during intra-operation and post-operation. Patients with histories of chronic asthma or frequent exacerbations of asthma have to be treated to achieve an optimal condition or a condition in which asthma symptoms are minimal. Patients with frequent bronchospasms should be treated. The selection of drugs and anesthetic procedures should be considered meticulously to avoid a stimulation of  bronchospasm or an asthma attack. Keywords: asthma, perioperative management, patient.   Abstrak: Pengelolaan pasien dengan penyakit asma selama pembedahan membutuhkan penanganan khusus berdasarkan pemeriksaan klinis dan laboratorium yang saksama untuk mengurangi komplikasi selama dan pasca pembedahan. Asma adalah kesukaran bernapas yang ditandai dengan kontraksi spastik otot polos bronkiolus, yang menyumbat bronkiolus secara parsial. Evaluasi pasien asma sebelum tindakan anestesia dan pembedahan sangat penting untuk mencegah atau mengendalikan kejadian serangan asma, baik selama pembedahan maupun pasca pembedahan. Pasien dengan riwayat asma berulang atau kronis memerlukan pengobatan hingga tercapai kondisi yang optimal untuk dilakukan operasi atau kondisi dimana gejala-gejala asma sudah minimal. Pasien dengan  bronkospasme berulang harus diobati terlebih dahulu. Pemilihan obat-obatan dan tindakan anestesia perlu dipertimbangkan dengan cermat untuk menghindari terjadinya bronkospasme atau serangan asma. Kata kunci: asma, penanganan perioperatif, pasien.
IDENTIFIKASI JENAZAH PADA KORBAN BENCANA
Authors: Welong Frelly , Kristanto Erwin G. , Tomuka Djemi Ch.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Disasters in our country have become very important issues. It is said that our country is a disaster supermarket due to the quantity and quality of disasters in Indonesia from 2000-2010. Disasters claimed both material and human lives. Disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis often resulted in the findings of unidentified bodies (the disaster victims). Identification of a dead body is very important in a disaster. The method used to identify the dead body must be standarized - according to forensic identification methods and standard DVI procedures (Disaster Victim Identification) in reference to Interpol. Additionally, the methods can also assist the police in the personal identification of cases whose identities are still questionable. Victim identifications in turn will help to determine the perpetrators. Keywords: disaster, identification, identification methods, DVI     Abstrak: Isu bencana di negara kita Indonesia ini sudah sangat sering didengar karena cuku banyak bencana yang telah terjadi di negara kita. Negara kita bahkan disebut ‘supermarket bencana’ akibat banyaknya bencana yang terjadi di Indonesia dalam kurun waktu 2000-2010. Bencana tidak hanya memakan korban material saja tetapi juga korban jiwa. Pada bencana- bencana seperti gempa bumi dan tsunami sering didapati jenazah-jenazah yang identitasnya tidak diketahui. Penentuan identitas jenazah disini sangat penting; untuk itu dapat digunakan metode-metode identifikasi menurut forensik dan juga prosedur-prosedur standard DVI (Disaster Victim Identification) yang mengacu pada Interpol. Selain itu, metode-metode tersebut bisa membantu pihak kepolisian dalam penyidikan kasus-kasus dimana identitas korban masih diragukan; dan juga untuk menentukan pelaku kejahatan pada kasus-kasus  pembunuhan, pemerkosaan, dan lainnya yang berhubungan dengan masalah identifikasi. Kata kunci: bencana, identifikasi, metode identifikasi, DVI
GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN KEBERSIHAN MULUT PADA MASYARAKAT LANJUT USIA DI KELURAHAN RURUKAN KECAMATAN TOMOHON TIMUR
Authors: Nidyawati Niyan , Wicaksono Dinar A. , Soewantoro Joenda S.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Knowledge has an important role in improving people’s behavior. Awareness of oral hygiene is essential for its good maintainance; therefore, prevention of oral diseases, improvement of immunity, reparation of oral functions and appetite can be achieved. In general, the elderly have a decline in their immune system, which makes them more susceptible to diseases, including oral diseases; thus, maintaining an oral hygiene status is very valuable. This study aimed to reveal the level of knowledge about oral hygiene, and the oral hygiene status among the elderly in Rurukan, East Tomohon. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Samples were obtained by using a total sampling method. Total samples were 71 elderly, but only 50 met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that 27 elderly had low levels of oral hygiene knowledge, while 23 elderly had good levels of knowledge. The status of oral hygiene was poor in 34 elderly, moderate in 13, and good in 3. Conclusion: Most of the elderly in Rurukan, East Tomohon, had low levels of oral hygiene knowledge and poor status of oral hygiene. Keywords: knowledge, oral hygiene, elderly.     Abstrak: Pengetahuan berperan penting dalam perkembangan perilaku seseorang. Pengetahuan yang baik mengenai kebersihan mulut sangat penting untuk mencegah penyakit gigi dan mulut, meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh, dan memperbaiki fungsi mulut untuk memperbaiki nafsu makan. Pada lanjut usia (lansia) terjadi penurunan daya tahan tubuh yang menyebabkannya rentan terhadap penyakit. Menjaga kebersihan mulut merupakan salah satu cara menjaga kondisi tubuh lansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tingkat pengetahuan dan kebersihan mulut pada masyarakat lansia di Kelurahan Rurukan Kecamatan Tomohon Timur. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan cross sectional design. Dengan metode total sampling diperoleh 71 sampel penelitian tetapi hanya 50 yang memenuhi kriteria. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan dan kebersihan mulut masyarakat lansia masih sangat minim. Untuk tingkat pengetahuan mengenai kebersihan mulut diperoleh 27 orang lansia dengan tingkat pengetahuan kurang, sedangkan 23 lainnya dengan tingkat pengetahuan baik. Untuk status kebersihan mulut diperoleh 34 orang lansia dengan hasil buruk, 13 dengan hasil sedang, dan 3 dengan hasil baik. Simpulan: Sebagian besar masyarakat lansia di Kelurahan Rurukan Kecamatan Tomohon Timur memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang dan status kebersihan mulut buruk. Kata kunci: pengetahuan, kebersihan mulut, lansia.
PEMBERIAN PROGESTERON PADA KEGUGURAN BERULANG
Authors: Suparman Erna , Suparman Eddy
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) occurs in 0.5-1% of partners. The pathophysiology of this RPL is complex. The causes include anatomical, genetic and molecular abnormalities, endocrine disorders, thrombophilia, and the anti-phospholipid syndrome, meanwhile in 50% of cases no cause can be identified. Progesterone is needed to create a suitable environment for the implantation. Low progesterone level during early pregnancy may reflect corpus luteum defects or abnormal products of conception. Besides that, low progesterone is a sign of a coming miscarriage; an administration of progesterone can only delay the onset of bleeding.. Even with a normal plasma progesterone levels, endometrial progesterone deficiency can still result from receptor defects; this finding supports the existence of absolute or relative progessterone deficiency as a cause of spontaneous abortion. Women who suffer from relative progesterone deficiency probably will not get any benefit from progesterone therapy. Almost all current research states that there is no difference in the rates of miscarriages in women treated and not treated with progesterone. Therefore, all medical organizations do not recommend progesterone supplementation to recurrent miscarriage, except in women who use reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Keywords: recurrent pregnancy loss, progesterone.     Abstrak: Keguguran berulang terjadi pada 0,5-1% pasangan dengan patofisiologi yang kompleks. Sebagai penyebab ialah kelainan anatomi, genetik dan molekuler, gangguan endokrin, thrombofilia, dan sindrom anti-fosfolipid, tetapi pada 50% kasus tidak jelas. Progesteron sangat diperlukan dalam menciptakan lingkungan yang cocok untuk implantasi endometrium. Konsentrasi progesteron yang rendah selama awal kehamilan mencerminkan defek korpus luteum atau hasil konsepsi yang abnormal. Progesteron yang rendah merupakan tanda dari keguguran akan datang namun pemberian progesteron hanya dapat menunda timbulnya perdarahan. Walaupun tingkat progesteron plasma normal, endometrium masih dapat mengalami kekurangan progesteron akibat defek reseptor. Temuan ini mendukung adanya defisiensi progesteron absolut atau relatif sebagai penyebab keguguran spontan. Wanita yang menderita kekurangan progesteron relatif tidak akan mendapatkan keuntungan dari pemberian progesteron. Hampir semua penelitian saat ini menyatakan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat keguguran pada wanita yang diberikan progesteron dan yang tidak; oleh karena itu semua organisasi medis tidak menganjurkan pemberian progesteron pada keguguran berulang, kecuali pada wanita yang menggunakan teknologi reproduksi seperti IVF. Kata kunci: keguguran berulang, progesteron.
PENATALAKSANAAN DAN FOLLOW UP BERKALA PADA AMETROPIA AMBLIOPIA
Authors: Rares Laya M.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Amblyopia is a decline of visual acuity, unilateral or bilateral, even after a maximal correction and is not directly related to any structural disorders of the eye or posterior visual pathway. We reported the case of an 8-year-old boy with bilateral amblyopia treated with a full correction eye glass therapy. The patient underwent a general eye examination, a set of tests related to the causes of amblyopia, and an eye glass correction to obtain BCVA in both eyes. The results showed VOD 5/60 S-2.50 = C-2.50 x 180o 6/18, VOS 4/60 S-2.00 = C-2.75 X 180o 6/15, and normal intraoccular pressures of both eyes by palpation. Light reflex of ODS was normal with no RAPD. The eyeball positions were normal without any anomaly. The eyeball movements were good in all directions, while the Ishihara color blindness test showed a normal result. The spacious view was normal, and the visible image of funduscopy had no anomaly. The patient was treated wih a correction of anomaly refraction by using eyeglasses as the initial treatment. In the case that there is no significant improvement in the initial therapy, a patching therapy and a periodical follow-up in the process of the eyesight rehabilitation is suggested. Conclusion: Based on all the tests performed, the diagnosis of this patient was bilateral amblyopia. It was expected that by the resumption of wearing eyeglasses for the anomaly refraction correction and eyesight rehabilitation, and with periodical follow-ups the patient’s condition would improve. Keywords: bilateral amblyopia, anomaly refraction, full correction therapy.   Abstrak: Ambliopia adalah penurunan ketajaman penglihatan unilateral atau bilateral walaupun telah diberikan  koreksi terbaik, yang tidak berhubungan langsung dengan kelainan struktural mata ataupun jaras penglihatan posterior. Kami melaporkan kasus seorang anak laki-laki berusia 8 tahun dengan ambliopia bilateral yang telah diberikan terapi kacamata full correction. Pada kasus ini telah dilakukan pemeriksaan mata menyeluruh, serangkaian tes yang berkaitan dengan penyebab ambliopia, dan koreksi kaca mata untuk mencapai BCVA (Best Corection Visual Aquity) pada kedua mata. Hasil pemeriksaan memperihatkan VOD 5/60 S-2.50 C-2.50 x180 6/12, VOS 4/60 S-2.00 C -2.75x180 6/15, tekanan intraokuler (dengan palpasi) mata kanan dan kiri normal, RAPD (-), ortoforia, tes warna normal, serta lapang pandang normal dan segmen posterior dalam batas normal. Koreksi kelainan refraksi dengan kacamata sebagai penanganan awal dan direncanakan untuk terapi patching bila tidak terdapat kemajuan yang bermakna dari terapi awal, serta follow up berkala dalam proses rehabilitasi penglihatan. Simpulan: Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan yang telah dilakukan, diagnosis pada kasus ini ambliopia bilateral. Setelah terapi koreksi kelainan refraksi menggunakan kaca mata dan rehabilitasi penglihatan dengan follow up berkala diharapkan visus optimal dapat tercapai. Kata kunci: ambliopia bilateral, refraksi anomali, terapi full correction.
IDENTIFIKASI IRIS OPSI IDENTIFIKASI BIOMETRIK
Authors: Kristanto Erwin G. , Rompas Elisa , Wangko Sunny
Published: July 2019

Perkembangan teknologi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari membuat timbulnya kebutuhan untuk membuktikan pada mesin dan sistem bahwa seorang individu ialah pemilik identitas yang ditampilkan oleh mesin dan sistem tersebut. Aktivitas membuka pintu, absensi, membuka komputer, hingga membuat dokumen, membutuhkan verifikasi bahwa kegiatan tersebut dilakukan oleh orang yang tepat. Kebutuhan ini dijawab dengan suatu metode identifikasi yang disebut identifikasi biometrik. Penggunaan identifikasi biometrik membantu peningkatan keamanan sistem komputer dengan menggantikan penggunaan kata kunci (password) yang dapat diretas. Password yang terdiri dari 6 karakter tanpa karakter khusus walau memiliki 2,25 miliar kemungkinan kombinasi, ternyata dapat diretas dalam beberapa detik dengan menggunakan sebuah server komputer. Akun media sosial yang memiliki pengaman yang cukup baik, ternyata banyak yang diretas dan kemudian disalahgunakan. Identifikasi iris dianggap merupakan salah satu metode identifikasi biometrik yang ideal dan lebih stabil karena iris adalah organ internal yang terproteksi oleh kornea. Beberapa kekurangan metode ini ialah pada pengguna kacamata, lensa kontak, atau cadar, serta peminum alkohol.
HISTOFISIOLOGI KULIT
Authors: Kalangi Sonny J. R.
Published: July 2019

”Tidak ada mantel ajaib yang dapat dibandingkan dengan kulit dalam berbagai perannya berupa kedap air, penghangat, tabir surya, pelindung, pendingin, sensitif terhadap rasa raba, suhu, dan nyeri, tahan dipakai dan dapat memperbaiki diri sendiri.” Prof. R.D. Lockhart Ahli anatomi terkenal berkebangsaan Skotlandia (Author of Anatomy of the Human Body)   Kulit beserta turunannya, meliputi rambut, kuku, kelenjar sebasea, kelenjar keringat, dan kelenjar mamma disebut juga integumen. Fungsi spesifik kulit terutama tergantung sifat epidermis. Epitel pada epidermis ini merupakan pembungkus utuh seluruh permukaan tubuh dan ada kekhususan setempat bagi terbentuknya turunan kulit, yaitu rambut, kuku, dan kelenjar-kelenjar.
Hubungan antara fraktur maksilofasial dengan terjadinya lesi intrakranial
Authors: Tanuhendrata Anton , Hatibie Mendy , Oley Maximillian Ch. , Prasetyo Eko
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Maxillofacial structure is an unprotected part of the head and is easily exposed to blunt trauma. This structure functions as a safety cushion for the brain when a trauma occures. This study was conducted at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado and aimed to obtain the relationship between maxillofacial fracture and intracranial lesion. Subjects were patients at the emergency unit with traffic accident associated with maxillofacial fracture with or without intracranial lelsion. GCS examination and CT scan of the head were performed to evaluate the intracranial lesion and the maxillofacial fracture (mild, moderate, or severe depended on the type of fracture). Data were tabulated and analyzed with Spearman correlation test using SPSS 2.2 program. The results showed that there were 50 patients with maxilllofacial injury, consisted of: 19 patients with mild injury, 25 patients with moderate injury, and 6 patients with severe injury. There were 13 patients with intracranial lesion and 37 patients without intracranial lesion. The Spearman correlation test showed an X2 = 32,60 and a P < 0.0001. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between maxillofacial fracture and intracranial lesion.Keywords: maxillofacial fracture, intracranial lesionAbstrak: Struktur maksilofasial merupakan bagian dari tubuh yang tidak terlindungi, mudah terpapar oleh trauma tumpul, dan merupakan bantal pengaman untuk otak saat trauma terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hubungan antara fraktur maksilofasial dengan lesi intracranial dan dilakukan di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Subyek penelitian ialah pasien yang datang ke unit gawat darurat yang mengalami kecelakaan lalu lintas dengan fraktur maksilofasial serta ada atau tidaknya lesi intrakranial. Pemeriksaan GCS serta CT scan kepala dilakukan untuk menilai lesi intrakranial sekaligus menilai fraktur maksilofasial (ringan, sedang, atau berat, tergantung dari jenis fraktur). Data ditabulasi dan diuji kemaknaannya dengan korelasi Spearman menggunakan program SPSS 2.2. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan dari 50 pasien dengan cedera maksilofasial didapatkan: 19 pasien cedera ringan, 25 pasien cedera sedang, dan 6 pasien cedera berat. Terdapat 13 pasien yang disertai lesi intrakranial, sedangkan yang tanpa lesi intrakranial sebanyak 37 pasien. Uji statistik mendapatkan nilai X2 = 32,60 dengan P <0,0001 yang menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara fraktur maksilofasial dan lesi intrakranial. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara fraktur maksilofasial dan lesi intrakranial.Kata kunci: Fraktur maksilofasial, lesi intrakranial
Hubungan antara skala skor FOUR dan CT Marshall dengan penilaian GCS pada penderita cedera otak akibat trauma
Authors: Matoha Jemmy , Prasetyo Eko , Oley Maximillian Ch.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Brain injury due to trauma is one of the main causes of deaths among traffic accident cases. This study was aimed to obtain the FOUR score scale and the CT Marshall, as well as to evaluate the relationships between FOUR score scale dan CT Marshall related to GCS in brain injury patients due to trauma. This was a prospective correlation study conducted at the Emergency Unit in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. There were 58 patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, consisted of 41 males (70.7%) and 17 females (29.3%). The correlation test of FOUR score and GCS score showed an X2 value of 77.215 (P < 0.001) meanwhile of the CT Marshall score and GCS score obtained an X2 value of 32.359 (P < 0.001). The correlation between FOUR score and CT Marshall score was tested with Spearman corrrelation test which showed ϓs= -0.433 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: There was a statistically highly significant strong correlation between FOUR score and GCS score, but a statistically highly significant moderate correlation between CT Marshall and GCS. There was a statistically highly significant negative correlation between FOUR score and CT Marshall score.Keywords: brain injury, trauma, FOUR score scale, CT Marshall, GCSAbstrak: Cedera otak akibat trauma (COT) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian pada kasus-kasus kecelakaan lalu lintas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai skala skor FOUR CT Marshall pada penderita cedera otak akibat trauma, dan menilai hubungan antara skala skor FOUR dan CT Marshall dalam menilai GCS pada penderita cedera otak akibat trauma Jenis penelitian ini ialah prospektif dengan pendekatan korelatif yang dilakukan di Intalasi Rawat Darurat Bedah (IRDB) RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 58 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, terdiri dari 41 pasien laki-laki (70,7%) dan 17 pasien perempuan (29,3%). Uji statistik mengenai hubungan antara skor FOUR dan skor GCS (Cedera Kepala) mendapatkan X2 = 77,215 (P < 0,001). Uji statistik mengenai hubungan antara CT Marshall dan skor GCS (cedera kepala) mendapatkan X2 = 32,359 (P < 0,001). Pengujian hubungan skor FOUR dan CT Marshall dengan analisis korelasi Spearman mendapatkan ϓs= -0,433 (P < 0,001). yang menyatakan terdapat hubungan negatif yang sangat bermakna antara skor FOUR dengan CT Marshall. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan kuat yang sangat bermakna antara skor FOUR dan GCS serta hubungan sedang yang sangat bermakna antara CT Marshall dan GCS. Terdapat hubungan negatif yang sangat bermakna antara skor FOUR dengan CT Marshall.Kata kunci: cedera otak, trauma, skala skor FOUR, CT Marshall, GCS
Gel ekstrak daun meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) meningkatkan epitelisasi penyembuhan luka pada kulit tikus putih jantan galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Siahaan Marintan S. Y. , Pangkahila Wimpie , Aman I G M
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Skin wound can cause bleeding, bacterial contamination, sympathetic stress response, and cell death. Aging of the skin slowens and delays the regeneration process of the wound bed. Meniran leaf (Phyllanthus niruri) contains several bioactive molecules and antimicrobial effects that improve the wound healing. This study was aimed to prove that meniran leaf extract gel could increase epithelization of wound in Wistar male rats. This was an experimental study. Subjects were 36 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) adult, healthy, aged 3-3.5 months, weighing 200-250 g, divided into 2 groups, the control group and the treatment group; each of 18 rats. The control group (P0) was given placebo gel and oral amoxicillin for 8 days. The treatment group (P1) was given 20% meniran leaf extract gel and oral amoxicillin for 8 days. Slides of skin tissue were stained with HE. Microscopically, epithelial thickness were evaluated at three different points per field of view with 10x objective magnification The results showed that the average epithelization in P0 group was 48.28±20.72 μm, meanwhile in P1 group was 63.79±18.37 μm (P <0.001). Conclusion: Application of 20% meniran leaf extract gel could increase epithlization of wound bed in male Wistar rats.Keywords: meniran leaf, epithelization, woundAbstrak: Luka pada kulit mengakibatkan timbulnya perdarahan, kontaminasi bakteri, respon stres simpatis, bahkan kemungkinan terburuk yaitu kematian sel. Penuaan pada kulit akan memperlambat dan menghambat proses regenerasi jaringan luka. Daun meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) mengandung molekul bioaktif yang berefek pada penyembuhan luka dan antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa pemberian gel ekstrak daun meniran meningkatkan epitelisasi jaringan luka pada tikus putih Wistar jantan. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental. Subyek penelitian ialah 36 ekor tikus galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) dewasa dan sehat, berumur 3-3,5 bulan, dengan berat badan 200-250 gram, yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan; masing-masing berjumlah 18 ekor tikus. Kelompok kontrol (P0) diberikan gel plasebo dan amoxicillin oral selama 8 hari. Kelompok perlakuan (P1) diberikan gel ekstrak daun meniran konsentrasi 20% dan amoxicillin oral selama 8 hari. Jaringan kulit dibuat preparat yang diwarnai dengan HE. Pada pengamatan mikroskopik dengan pembesaran lensa objektif 10x diukur ketebalan epitel di tiga titik berbeda dalam satu lapang pandang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata epitelisasi pada kelompok P0 ialah 48,28±20,72μm, sedangkan pada kelompok P1 ialah 63,79±18,37 μm (P <0,001). Simpulan: Pemberian gel ekstrak daun meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) dapat meningkatkan epitelisasi jaringan luka pada kulit tikus Wistar jantan.Kata kunci: daun meniran, epitelisasi, luka
Pengaruh Reward Dan Punishment Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan KFC Artha Gading
Authors: Pramesti Rizki Ayu , Sambul Sofia A. P. , Rumawas Wehelmina
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of Reward and Punishment on the Employee Performance of KFC Artha Gading North Jakarta. Reward is a form of appreciation to a certain achievement given, both by and from individuals or an institution which is usually given in the form of material or speech. Punishment is a way to direct a behaviour in accordance with the behaviour that applies in general. Performance is the result or level of success of a person as a whole during a certain period in carrying out tasks compared to various possibilities, such as standard results of work, targets or targets or criteria that have been determined in advance and have been agreed upon. This study uses a quantitative approach, with a sample of 32 respondents who are employees of KFC Artha Gading North Jakarta. Research results show that : reward has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of Artha Gading Jakarta, punishment has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of Artha Gading Jakarta, reward and positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of Artha Gading Jakarta. Punishment has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of Artha Gading Jakarta.
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Pada PT Asuransi Ramayana Tbk Dengan Pendekatan Cash Flow Untuk Tahun 2014-2017
Authors: Wahani Julia T. , Tumbel Tinneke M. , Keles Dantje
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the financial performance of PT Asuransi Ramayana Tbk by using a cash flow ratio analysis. The type of data used in this study is quantitative data. The data source used in this study is secondary data sources. The technique of collecting data using the documentation method is by retrieving data contained in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data analysis tool used is the Operating Cash Flow Ratio (AKO), Operating Cash Flow Ratio to Total Debt (AKOTH), Cash Flow Ratio to Capital Expenditures (AKOPM) and Cash Flow Ratio to Net Income (AKOLB). The results of this study indicate that the financial performance of PT Asuransi Ramayana Tbk. based on the 2014-2017 operating cash flow ratio is not good because it is below the value 1. So that insurance companies are unable to pay current and total debt obligations through operating cash flows, difficulty financing their capital expenditure through operating cash flows, and the possibility that the company has not been able to pay dividends to customers using operating cash flows. PT Asuransi Ramayana Tbk must increase company revenue and reduce excessive investment expenditure.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PECULIARITIES OF MICROMYCETES STRAINS INCLUDING IN THE COMPOSITION OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM 128 ASSOCIATION
Authors: Derkach S.M. , Miahka M.V. , Volkohon V.V. , Nakonechna L.T. , Dimova S.B. , Kravchenko N.O. , Lutsenko N.V.
Published: July 2019

Objective. Screen the active cellulolytic strains of Trichoderma micromycetes, investigate their morphological and cultural, physiological and biochemical properties for further use in the composting of organic substrates as a straw destroyer.

 Methods. Microbiological, biochemical, statistical.

Results. 150 isolates of cellulolytic microscopic fungi of the genus Trichoderma were obtained from semi-decomposed straw. Among isolated fungi, the most active influence on the destruction of cellulose is typical for the association of micromycetes Trichoderma sp. 128. The components of the association (Trichoderma sp. 128/1 and Trichoderma sp. 128/2, respectively) differ in their nature of growth in the digest medium, colouring of colonies, and cellulolytic activity. Under simultaneous cultivation of the association components in a medium where the only source of carbon is filter paper or straw, higher effect was observed compared with than their separate cultivation. The selected association provides a degree of straw decomposition of up to 33 % over a period of 21 days, which exceeds the activity of the known cellulolytic strain Trichoderma harzianum F-2455. By morphological and cultural, physiological and biochemical properties, the components of the fungal association have been identified as Trichoderma harzianum 128/1 and T. harzianum 128/2 (association – Trichoderma harzianum 128, respectively). Under the study of virulence of microorganisms on the model of white mice, it was established that the association components are not pathogenic for warm-blooded animals, which allows the association to be used in the production.

Conclusion. Active cellulolytic association of micromycetes which includes two strains has been selected. The association is identified as Trichoderma harzianum 128. The use of the association of micromycetes can be promising when composting organic matter, in order to accelerate its mineralization.
ECONOMIC AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF FERTILIZING SYSTEMS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS UNDER ACTION OF MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS IN SHORT ROTATION OF CROPS
Authors: Potapenko L.V. , Skachok L.M. , Horbachenko N.I.
Published: July 2019

Objective. Carry out economic and energy evaluation of fertilizing systems of agricultural crops, including for the use of microbial preparations.

Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical-economic, calculation-comparative.

Results. On the basis of studies in a long-term field experiment on sod-podzolic soils, economic and energy estimation of crop cultivation in the crop rotation line: lupine - winter rye – potato - oats-was carried out depending on fertilizing systems and pre-seed bacterization of seeds. The prospect of improved organomineral fertilizing system “animal manure + NPK + green manure” has been shown. This fertilizing system provides growth of the conditionally pure profit of crop rotation by UAH 6,922/ha. Using fertilizing system “animal manure + NPK + green manure” for cultures of crop rotation provides an opportunity to increase the conditionally pure profit 2.2 times in comparison with the mineral fertilizing system. With the addition of green manuring to mineral fertilizing system, the conditionally net profit increased from UAH 3,066 to UAH 4,598/ha, or by 50 %. Due to the use of microbial preparations for inoculation of seeds, the profit increases by UAH 1,641/ha, and the return on costs is provided for UAH 1 at the level of UAH 5.09 to 8.10. For energy efficiency, the alternative organic-mineral fertilizing system (animal manure + NPK + green manure) exceeded the traditional one (animal manure + NPK) by 43 % without the use of microbial preparations and by 61 % using biopreparations, and mineral – 2.6 times. The obtained results demonstrate significant prospects for the biological factors of fertilization of crops for their cultivation in short crop rotation.

Conclusion. The application of organo-mineral fertilizing system (animal manure + NPK + green manure) in combination with microbial preparations in the cultivation of crops in short crop rotation provides high economic and energy efficiency.
INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZING SYSTEMS AND MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS ON CAPACITY OF BIOENERGETIC CULTURES
Authors: Skachok L.M. , Potapenko L.V. , Horbachenko N.I.
Published: July 2019

Objective. Study capacity of bioenergetic cultures in different fertilizing systems in combination with microbial preparations in soil and climatic conditions of Polissia.

Methods. Field, laboratory, computational, mathematical and statistical.

Results. The influence of fertilizing systems and microbial preparations during cultivation of switch grass and sward grass in the soil and climatic conditions of Polissia has been shown. It was established that under cultivation of energy crops, it is expedient to use fertilizing system, which involves introduction 10 t/ha straw, biomass of intermediate lupine manure and mineral fertilizers in the ratio of N40P15K60. Treatment of rhizomes of sward grass and seeds of switch grass with microbial preparations Mikrohumin and Polimiksobakteryn allow to reduce the ratio of mineral fertilizers by 20 kg/ha active substance and contributes to increasing the capacity of bioenergy crops, the release of solid fuels and energy from their biomass. An alternative fertilizing system, where mineral fertilizers were partially replaced by microbial preparations (such as Polimiksobakteryn and Mikrohumin), contributed to the largest increase of yield of switch grass in the study (dry matter) – 1.14 times and of sward grass – 1.15 times compared to the traditional fertilizing system (control).

Conclusion. It has been established that under the cultivation of new varieties of energy crops, it is expedient to use organic fertilizers (straw, green manure) and treat seeds of switch grass and rhizomes of sward grass with microbial preparations Mikrohumin or Polimiksobakteryn. This fertilizing system ensures a 14 % increase in the capacity of switch grass, and 14-16 % increase for sward grass compared to the traditional fertilizing system (animal manure + NPK). In this case, the maximum calculated yield of solid fuel and energy from switch grass biomass was obtained, respectively – 10.1 t/ha and 161.6 GJ, and sward grass – 14.4-14.6 t/ha and 230.6-234.1 GJ, that is 13 and 13-15 % higher than parameters of the system “animal manure + NPK”.
Enantioselective PCCP Brønsted acid-catalyzed aza-Piancatelli rearrangement
Authors: Hammersley Gabrielle R , Nichol Meghan F , Steffens Helena C , Delgado Jose M , Veits Gesine K , Read de Alaniz Javier
Published: July 2019

An enantioselective aza-Piancatelli rearrangement has been developed using a chiral Brønsted acid based on pentacarboxycyclopentadiene (PCCP). This reaction provides rapid access to valuable chiral 4-amino-2-cyclopentenone building blocks from readily available starting material and is operationally simple.
COMPARISON OF THE DIMENSIONS DESIGN METHODOLOGIES OF THE RAILWAY TRACK BED STRUCTURE ACCORDING TO FROST EFFECT IN SLOVAKIA AND LITHUANIA
Authors: Ižvolt Libor , Dobeš Peter , Navikas Deividas
Published: July 2019

This paper compares methods of designing the track bed structure that are used in the processes of design and review design of subgrade tracks located in Slovakia and Lithuania. Self-comparison is made on a particular type of track bed with the aim to highlight the differences between individual countries methodologies that affect not only the dimension of the sub-ballast layer, but also economic demands and reliability of the design of railways structure.
A Multi-epoch X-Ray Study of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 7331
Authors: Jin Ruolan , Kong Albert K. H.
Published: July 2019

X-ray point sources in galaxies are dominated by X-ray binaries (XRBs) that are variables or transients, and whether their variability would alter the X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) is still in debate. Here we report on NGC 7331 as an example to test this with seven Chandra observations. Their detection limit is 7 × 1037 erg s−1 in the energy range 0.3–8.0 keV by assuming a power-law (PL) spectral model with a photon index of 1.7. We detected 55 X-ray sources. Thirteen of them are variables, of which three are transients, and some of the sources possess a bimodal feature in their luminosity–hardness ratio, which is often observed among XRBs. Nine more ultraluminous X-ray sources are found in comparison with previous studies and eight are likely to be low-mass or high-mass XRBs. Twenty-one optical counterpart candidates are found based on the Hubble Space Telescope images, but we cannot rule out the possibility of positional coincidence. The spectral analysis of SN 2014C shows a trend of increasing soft photons and decreasing hydrogen column densities as its outer shell expands. We fit the seven incompleteness-corrected XLFs to both a PL and a PL with an exponential cut-off (PLC) model using the Bayesian method, which is used for the first time in XLF fitting. The hierarchical PLC model can describe the XLF of NGC 7331 best with a slope of ∼0.5 and a luminosity cut-off around 8 × 1038 erg s−1. This study proves that multi-epoch observations decrease the deviation due to the variable luminous sources in XLFs.
L’éducation à l’alimentation dans le trouble du spectre de l’autisme
Authors: Luisier Anne-Claude , Clerc Bérod Annick , Bensafi Moustafa , Petitpierre Geneviève
Published: July 2019

Comme tous les enfants, les enfants et les adolescents avec un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) doivent développer des compétences pour peu à peu gérer leur alimentation. Ils rencontrent de grandes difficultés dans la construction alimentaire. Cet article présente la mise en œuvre et le déroulement d’une procédure de familiarisation à l’alimentation auprès de 49 enfants avec TSA âgés de 4 à 12 ans. Les résultats montrent l’intérêt d’utiliser certains principes didactiques comme l’échange dialogique et le respect de la zone prochaine de développement. La procédure, ainsi que les principes didactiques retenus permettent au professionnel d’élargir sa compréhension du fonctionnement de l’enfant et d’adapter les activités qu’il lui propose.
Diplomatie scientifique et engagement du Japon dans l’Arctique. L’exemple du Conseil de l’Arctique
Authors: Babin Julie
Published: July 2019

La diplomatie scientifique est aujourd’hui l’outil privilégié de coopération entre les États et les peuples arctiques et avec les États et institutions non-arctiques. Le Japon n’étant pas un État arctique, il doit user d’outils diplomatiques et commerciaux afin de participer aux débats de gouvernance présents et futurs de cette région. La longue tradition de recherche polaire est l’un des arguments principaux avancé par le gouvernement japonais pour légitimer son intérêt pour l’Arctique. L’investissement du Japon au Conseil de l’Arctique et dans ses groupes de travail illustre l’utilisation de cette diplomatie scientifique qui permet donc à un État non-arctique de participer à la principale plateforme de coopération et de collaboration de cette région.
États des lieux de la « question animale ». Enjeux théorico-pratiques
Authors: Burgat Florence
Published: July 2019

Cet état des lieux, survol des théories et des pratiques, s’ouvre sur les rapports d’extrême violence que nous entretenons avec les animaux et la crise qui s’exprime aussi bien dans la production de travaux académiques que dans l’attention médiatique portée à leurs conditions de vie et de mort. Pourquoi alors nos modes de vie continuent‑ils d’alimenter ce que nous réprouvons intellectuellement ? Ce paradoxe s’explique par l’étrange statut de la cruauté envers les animaux. On présente enfin une revue critique de la production sur ces thèmes en philosophie analytique et en phénoménologie.
Comparison of Visual Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction After Bilateral Implantation of an EDOF IOL and a Mix-and-Match Approach
Authors: Tarib Imane , Kasier Insa , Herbers Claudia , Hagen Philip , Breyer Detlev , Kaymak Hakan , Klabe Karsten , Lucchesi Rafaela , Teisch Swetlana , Diakonis Vasilios F. , Hahn Ursula , Fabian Höhn , Kretz Florian T. A.
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE:

To evaluate visual outcomes at different distances (near, intermediate, and far), depth of focus, optical quality, quantitative dysphotopsia, and patient satisfaction in two groups.

METHODS:

The extended depth of focus (EDOF) only group (n = 40 eyes) was implanted bilaterally with an EDOF intraocular lens (IOL) and the mixed group (n = 40 eyes) was implanted with the same EDOF IOL in the dominant eye and a trifocal IOL in the fellow eye. At the 3-month postoperative visit, refractive outcomes and monocular and binocular uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities for far UDVA, CDVA, distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (DCIVA) at 80 cm, uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA) at 40 cm, and binocular defocus curve were evaluated.

RESULTS:

The mean spherical equivalent (SE) 3 months postoperatively was −0.16 ± 0.41 diopters (D) in the EDOF only group and −0.39 ± 0.63 D in the mixed group. In the EDOF only group, binocular visual acuities were: UDVA = −0.04 ± 0.07 logMAR (20/18); CDVA = −0.04 ± 0.06 logMAR (20/18); DCIVA (80 cm) = 0.07 ± 0.19 logMAR (20/23); DCNVA (40 cm) = 0.32 ± 0.15 logMAR (20/42); and UNVA (40 cm) = 0.24 ± 0.17 logMAR (20/35). In the mixed group, binocular visual acuities were: UDVA = 0.03 ± 0.09 logMAR (20/21) (
P
= .08); CDVA = −0.01 ± 0.07 logMAR (20/20) (
P
= .25); DCIVA (80 cm) = 0.24 ± 0.23 logMAR (20/35) (
P
= .08); DCNVA (40 cm) = 0.19 ± 0.07 logMAR (20/31) (
P
= .03); and UNVA (40 cm) = 0.18 ± 0.10 logMAR (20/30) (
P
= .37).

CONCLUSIONS:

Effective restoration of visual acuity was demonstrated in both groups, with high levels of visual quality and patient satisfaction. Better results in near visual acuity were demonstrated in the mixed group.

[
J Refract Surg.
2019;35(7):408–416.]
Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) for Hyperopia: 12-Month Refractive and Visual Outcomes
Authors: Pradhan Kishore R. , Reinstein Dan Z. , Carp Glenn I. , Archer Timothy J. , Dhungana Purushottam
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE:

To evaluate visual and refractive outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for hyperopia.

METHODS:

This was a prospective study of vertex-centered hyperopic SMILE using the VisuMax femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). Inclusion criteria were maximum attempted hyperopic meridian of between +1.00 and +7.00 diopters (D). Lenticule parameters were 6.3- to 6.7-mm diameter, 2-mm transition zone, 30-µm minimum thickness, and 120-µm cap thickness. A standard outcomes and stability analysis was performed for the 12-month data, including contrast sensitivity using the Functional Vision Analyzer.

RESULTS:

For the 93 eyes treated, last follow-up was 12 months for 72 eyes (77%) and 3 months for 11 eyes (12%), with 10 eyes (11%) lost to follow-up. Attempted spherical equivalent refraction (SEQ) was +5.61 ± 1.21 D (range: +1.00 to +6.90 D) and cylinder was −1.01 ± 0.64 D (range: 0.00 to −3.50 D). For eyes targeted for emmetropia (n = 37), uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 95% of eyes. SEQ relative to target was −0.17 ± 0.85 D (range: −2.20 to +3.00 D) at 3 months and −0.19 ± 0.90 D (range: −2.07 to +3.50 D) at 12 months with 53% within ±0.50 D. For 70 eyes with data at 3 and 12 months, the mean change in SEQ was −0.06 ± 0.53 D (range: −2.00 to +1.75 D) and the mean change in keratometry was −0.22 ± 0.48 D (range: −1.00 to +1.00 D). There was one line loss of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) in 16% of eyes and no loss of two or more lines. There was no clinically significant change in contrast sensitivity.

CONCLUSIONS:

Refractive and visual outcomes 12 months after SMILE for hyperopia were promising, given the high degree of hyperopia corrected and relatively reduced CDVA in this population. There was good refractive and topographic stability between 3 and 12 months.

[
J Refract Surg.
2019;35(7):442–450.]