bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Change in childbearing intention, use of contraception, unwanted pregnancies, and related adverse events during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a panel study in rural Burkina Faso
Authors: Druetz Thomas , Cooper Sarah , Bicaba Frank , Bila Alice , Shareck Martine , Milot David-Martin , Tiendrebeogo Cheick , Bicaba Abel
Published: April 2022

Evidence on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected women’s reproductive health remains scarce, particularly for low- and middle-income countries. Deleterious indirect effects seem likely, particularly on access to contraception and risk of unwanted pregnancies, but rigorous evaluations using quasi-experimental designs are lacking. Taking a diachronic perspective, we aimed to investigate the effects of the pandemic on four indicators of women’s reproductive health: history of recent adverse events during pregnancy (past), use of contraception and unwanted pregnancies (present), and childbearing intentions (future). This study was conducted in four rural health districts of Burkina Faso: Banfora, Leo, Sindou and Tenado. Two rounds of household surveys (before and during the pandemic) were conducted in a panel of 696 households using standardized questionnaires. The households were selected using a stratified two-stage random sampling method. All women aged 15–49 years living in the household were eligible for the study. The same households were visited twice, in February 2020 and February 2021. The effects were estimated by fitting hierarchical regression models with fixed effects or random intercepts at the individual level. A total of 814 and 597 women reported being sexually active before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. The odds of not wanting (any more) children were two times higher during the pandemic than before (2.0, 95% CI [1.32–3.04]). Among those with childbearing intention, the average desired delay until the next pregnancy increased from 28.7 to 32.8 months. When comparing 2021 versus 2020, there was an increase in the adjusted odds ratio of contraception use (1.23, 95% CI [1.08–1.40]), unwanted pregnancies (2.07, 95% CI [1.01–4.25]), and self-reported history of miscarriages, abortions, or stillbirths in the previous 12 months (2.4, 95% CI [1.04–5.43]). Our findings in rural Burkina Faso do not support the predicted detrimental effects of COVID-19 on the use of family planning services in LMICs, but confirm that it negatively affects pregnancy intentions. Use of contraception increased significantly among women in the panel, but arguably not enough to avoid an increase in unwanted pregnancies.
Assessing the characteristics of un- and under-vaccinated children in low- and middle-income countries: A multi-level cross-sectional study
Authors: Utazi C. Edson , Pannell Oliver , Aheto Justice M. K. , Wigley Adelle , Tejedor-Garavito Natalia , Wunderlich Josh , Hagedorn Brittany , Hogan Dan , Tatem Andrew J.
Published: April 2022

Achieving equity in vaccination coverage has been a critical priority within the global health community. Despite increased efforts recently, certain populations still have a high proportion of un- and under-vaccinated children in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These populations are often assumed to reside in remote-rural areas, urban slums and conflict-affected areas. Here, we investigate the effects of these key community-level factors, alongside a wide range of other individual, household and community level factors, on vaccination coverage. Using geospatial datasets, including cross-sectional data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2008 and 2018 in nine LMICs, we fitted Bayesian multi-level binary logistic regression models to determine key community-level and other factors significantly associated with non- and under-vaccination. We analyzed the odds of receipt of the first doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP1) vaccine and measles-containing vaccine (MCV1), and receipt of all three recommended DTP doses (DTP3) independently, in children aged 12–23 months. In bivariate analyses, we found that remoteness increased the odds of non- and under-vaccination in nearly all the study countries. We also found evidence that living in conflict and urban slum areas reduced the odds of vaccination, but not in most cases as expected. However, the odds of vaccination were more likely to be lower in urban slums than formal urban areas. Our multivariate analyses revealed that the key community variables–remoteness, conflict and urban slum–were sometimes associated with non- and under-vaccination, but they were not frequently predictors of these outcomes after controlling for other factors. Individual and household factors such as maternal utilization of health services, maternal education and ethnicity, were more common predictors of vaccination. Reaching the Immunisation Agenda 2030 target of reducing the number of zero-dose children by 50% by 2030 will require country tailored analyses and strategies to identify and reach missed communities with reliable immunisation services.
Impact of oxytetracycline exposure on the digestive system microbiota of Daphnia magna
Authors: Lovern Sarah B. , Van Hart Rochelle
Published: April 2022

Antibiotics are used to treat serious illness, but may also be used extraneously or as a preventative measure in many farm animals. This usage increases the potential for unintentional exposure to a variety of organisms. When antibiotics enter aquatic environments, Daphnia magna are especially vulnerable as they filter-feed in freshwater environments. Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a commonly-used broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat a variety of mammalian diseases. In this study, the impact of OTC on D. magna mortality and gut biota were studied using both cultivation and sequencing-based approaches. Mortality rates were extremely low with the LD50 >2,000ppm. However, OTC impacted abundance and species diversity of intestinal microorganisms in the gut of the D. magna in abundance as well as species diversity. In control organisms, Pseudomonas putida and Aeromonas hydrophila were both present while only P. putida was found in OTC-exposed organisms. Disruption of the intestinal biota in D. magna could have implications on long-term survival, energy expenditure, and reproduction.
Prevalence and determinants of late-stage presentation among cervical cancer patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tekalign Tiwabwork , Teshome Mister
Published: April 2022

Background

An estimated 570,000 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer worldwide, and about 311,000 women died from the disease. Cervical cancer is possibly the most curable human cancer; if detected at the precancerous stage. Additionally, early diagnosis and management other factors are essential to decrease mortality rate among those patients. So this review was aimed to identify the prevalence and determinants of late-stage presentation among cervical cancer patients.

Methods

A systematic search had carried out on PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science CINAHL, and manually on Google Scholar. This meta-analysis follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of each study. A meta-analysis was done using a random-effects method using the STATA™ Version 14 software.

Result

Twenty-five studies from 3 world regions with 53,233 participants were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The overall estimated global pooled prevalence of late-stage presentation among cervical cancer patients with a random-effects model was 60.66% (95% CI: 56.27, 65.06). The subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence of late-stage presentation was 62.60% in Africa, 69.30% in Asia, 46.51% in Europe, and 50.16% in North America. Educational status (p = 0.031) and place of residence (p = 0.004) are determinants of late-stage presentation.

Conclusion

The results of this meta-analysis indicated that the prevalence of late-stage presentation of cervical cancer is substantially high. Place of residence and educational status were significantly associated with late-stage presentation. Health care organizations should work on early screening, management, and on increasing community awareness to minimize late stage at presentation among those patients.
Music and Narrative Experience in Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn
Authors: Tatlow Stephen
Published: April 2022

The author discusses one of the first true multiplayer games in the Final Fantasy series. The chapter asks the question,“Given the importance of music and soundto audio-visual narrative, do musical cues and other audial information in Final Fantasy XIV (2010) present identically to all players, hence recognising the importance of shared narrative? Or does the sound design and music of FFXIV relegate other players to becoming side-characters through prioritising the specific player experience of the narrative in sound design?”
Welcoming the stranger in Trump’s America: Notes on the everyday processes of constructing and enduring sanctuary
Authors: Kocher Austin
Published: April 2022

Geographers have begun to explore the concept of ‘immigrant welcome’ as a framework for understanding the tension between spontaneous social support for immigrants and refugees and their subsequent restriction and criminalization by states. Overlooked in the emerging discourse on immigrant welcome is the rich literature in feminist geography that views the everyday practices of endurance, care and social reproduction as essential to, but often hidden within, more traditional, political and economic analyses of power. By focusing on the everyday practices of welcome within sanctuary church activism, I argue for more attention to the energy-intense work that is often excluded from official media and academic accounts, yet which is essential to understanding what makes welcome function or fail. I draw upon one in-depth case study of a sanctuary church in Ohio, where a woman has been living for a year and a half in public defiance of her deportation order. In addition to contextualizing this specific case within the broader policy and immigrant rights landscape, I focus on the spatial, material and relational processes that participants implemented to construct a ‘welcoming’ environment as well as observe the ways in which welcome fails to live up to its imagined potential. The case study provides important grounded insights into the material, relational and emotional processes of enduring sanctuary as a form of resistance to the US deportation regime and enduring sanctuary itself as an intensive socio-spatial form of existence.
Agency that matters: Participatory practices of making-with
Authors: Bruggeman Daniëlle
Published: April 2022

This article explores three recent cases of alternative, critical fashion practices from the Netherlands that create more agency for makers, wearers and matter. The cases are as follows: (1) the project ‘JOIN Collective Clothes’ by designer Anouk Beckers; (2) the ‘Feminist Needlework Party’; and (3) ‘The Linen Project’. By facilitating collective, participatory practices of making, these cases explore how to give more attention to the actual material aspects of textiles and clothes – and especially to the material aspects of making that hardly get any attention in a globalized market-driven fashion industry. All case studies highlight different material practices of working with matter – e.g. growing flax or doing needlework – that we have generally lost touch with in western consumer culture. In order to develop a deeper understanding of the importance of offering more attention to matter, these case studies have been analysed by drawing upon the theoretical discourse of ‘new materialism’ as well as the theoretical notion of ‘making-with’. By exploring these participatory cases of making-with, this article aims to offer more attention to the material aspects of fashion beyond a consumerist conception – showing how agency matters.
Persistent detection of Tilapia lake virus in wild tilapia and tinfoil barbs
Authors: Abdullah Azila , Pazai Afzan Muntaziana Mohd , Ridzuan Mohd Syafiq Mohammad , Sudirwan Fahmi , Hashim Shahidan , Abas Adnan , Murni Munira , Roli Zuraidah , Ramly Rimatulhana , Firdaus-Nawi Mohd
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim: One of the emerging viral diseases in freshwater fish is Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), which infects all stages of fish and results in mass mortalities. Previously, a TiLV case was detected in the wild environment in Malaysia that involved tilapia and tinfoil barb. Hence, this study aimed to determine the presence of TiLV in wild tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as well as tinfoil barbs (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) at the similar lake after the initial outbreak in year 2017.

Materials and Methods: Both fish species were sampled from this lake at a month interval for two years and subjected to TiLV detection using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and cell culture isolation. Concurrently, bacterial isolation and water quality measurements were performed to deduce their correlation with TiLV occurrence. Other wild fish species and mollusk were also occasionally sampled during the fish inventory activity at this lake. The fish's weight, length, and associated clinical signs were noted throughout the entire study period.

Results: Mortality was not observed throughout the whole study period, and results indicated a moderate to high prevalence of TiLV infection in both tilapia and tinfoil barbs. There was no correlation between TiLV infection with the isolation rate of opportunistic bacteria such as Aeromonas spp., Plesiomonas spp., and Edwardsiella spp. in the study site. At the same time, the Pearson correlation test revealed a moderate negative correlation between the water pH with the presence of TiLV (R=–0.4472; p<0.05) and a moderate positive correlation between the water iron content with the monthly detection of Aeromonas spp. in wild tilapia. This is contrary to tinfoil barbs, where there was a moderate negative correlation between the water iron content with the monthly isolation of Aeromonas spp. (R=–0.5190; p<0.05). Furthermore, isolation of TiLV on cell culture-induced viral invasion was resulted in the cytopathic effects.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that the wild fish may harbor TiLV for an extended period following a massive die-off event in 2017 without any obvious clinical signs and mortality. The persistency of viruses in the wild may need continuous and effective control as well as prevention strategies.
Pembelian impulsif pada e-commerce shopee (studi pada konsumen shopee di Jakarta Selatan)
Authors: Tumanggor Simon , Hadi Prasetyo , Sembiring Rosali
Published: April 2022

Competition in the e-commerce world is rising so competitively. Every time e-commerce offers their products or services to their consumers attractively. This condition causes the consumers to vae more alternatives to shop, especially at Shopee Indonesia. The purposeof this study was to ﬁnd out and analyze the effect of sales promotion, product quality,and electronic word of mouth on impulsive buying. This study used e-commerce Shopeeas the object. This is a quantitative study using primary data. The sample was taken using a purposive sampling technique with 75 respondents selected based on criteriathat had been determined. The data were analysed using SmartPLS. The result showedthat sales promotion have no signiﬁcant effect on impulsive buying with the value of signiﬁcance of 1,994. Another ﬁnding showed that product quality and electronic word of mouth have signiﬁcant effect on impulsive buying with the value of signiﬁcant is 2,475 and 3,679. Therefore, e-commerce Shopee must take advantage of product quality andelectronic word of mouth in order they have a competitive advantage.
Ciudadanía, representación política y elecciones en el Caribe colombiano, 1820-1836
Authors: Conde Calderón Jorge
Published: April 2022

El presente artículo muestra el papel que jugaron las elecciones entre los diferentes sectores sociales de la sociedad cartagenera entre 1820 y 1836. El interés principal se centra en las articulaciones de la sociedad alrededor del voto, los valores que aparecieron durante la competencia electoral, las modificaciones operadas en las nuevas y viejas jerarquías políticas y como era concebida la representación política entre los diversos actores políticos.
Apuntes sobre agricultura, ganadería e industria en Barranquilla durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX
Authors: Caballero Truyol Tomás
Published: April 2022

Este artículo analiza el desarrollo económico de Barranquilla durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX mediante dos sectores opacados o marginados económicamente por el comercio. El interés principal es describir como la agricultura y la ganadería fueron ramas esenciales para mantener socioeconómicamente activa una parte de la población que no estaba vinculada con el comercio.
The Experience of Nurses Who were Isolated due to COVID-19 Infection: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Siagian Ernawati - , Rantung Gilny
Published: April 2022

Background: In their duties, health care workers, especially nurses, have a high risk of being infected with COVID-19 both from patients and non-patients. Some nurses who are infected need to be treated and isolated in the hospital. It is important to understand nurses’ experiences during isolation as this could change the way they provide nursing care for COVID-19 patients in the future. However, this topic has not been studied in Indonesia.Purpose: This study aimed to explore the experience of nurses who were isolated in the hospital due to COVID-19 infection.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using a descriptive phenomenological approach. The participants were nurses who had been hospitalized in an isolation room, selected through purposive sampling. Data saturation was reached on the 7th participant, and a total of 7 nurses who were infected with COVID-19 participated. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological method.Results: Data analysis resulted in three main themes: (1) Experience at diagnosis (Pre-isolation), with sub-themes: initial reaction, source/origin of infection, early symptoms, and reactions from family and close people; (2) Experiences during isolation, with sub-themes: Feelings in isolation rooms, body reactions to covid-19 therapy, medical response and swab results; and (3) Post-isolation experiences, with sub-themes: post-covid conditions, expectations for other covid patients, and expectations for medical personnel.Conclusion: This study identified nurses’ experience of COVID-19 pre-isolation, isolation and post-isolation. Support from family members, colleagues and leaders are essential for their healing process. Appropriate care planning and approaches are expected to support nurses infected with COVID-19.
The Naming of Parts: Integrating Urban Difference - Dataset
Authors: Fletcher Roland , White Kirrily , Dharmendra Ben
Published: April 2022

As with Anomalocaris, urbanism is one label for many phenomena. However, the varied phenomena of urbanism are defined locally yet talked about universally, while local traditions are entitled to their own definitions. What we have is immense variety and a risk that the category will become so malleable that it loses integration or has lost meaning and interpretative value.

To integrate a consistent analytic approach to the varied forms of settlement which are included in the category ‘urban’ and allow different but complementary questions to be asked about their variety, we need to recognize them as representatives of different trajectories which can be comprehended in relation to each other within a single frame of reference — the interaction and communication constraints which affect the communities in all settlements.

Dataset to: Roland Fletcher, Kirrily White, and Ben Dharmendra, ‘The Naming of Parts. Integrating Urban Difference’, Journal of Urban Archaeology, 5 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2022), 33–64 

http://www.brepols.net/Pages/ShowProduct.aspx?prod_id=IS-9782503597577-1
Towards fully automated detection of epileptic disorders: a novel CNSVM approach with Clough–Tocher interpolation
Authors: İpek Busra Mutlu , Altun Hüseyin Oktay , Öztoprak Kasım
Published: April 2022

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder requiring specialists to scrutinize medical data at diagnosis. Diagnosis stage is both time consuming and challenging, requiring expertise in detection of epileptic seizures from multi-channel noisy EEG data. It is crucial that EEG signals be automatically classified in order to help experts detect epileptic seizures correctly. In this study, a novel hybrid deep learning and SVM technique is employed on a restructured EEG data. EEG signals were transformed into a two-dimensional image sequence. Clough–Tocher technique is employed for interpolation of the values obtained from the electrodes placed on the skull during EEG measurements in order to estimate the signal strength in the missing places over the picture. After the parameters in the deep learning architecture were optimized on the validation data, it is observed that the proposed technique’s performance for classifying epilepsy moments over EEG signals demonstrated unmatched performance. This study fills a gap in the literature in terms of demonstrating a superior performance in automatic detection of epileptic episodes on a benchmark EEG data set and takes a substantial leap towards fully automated detection of epileptic disorders.
Metonymy and argument alternations in French communication frames
Authors: Law James
Published: April 2022

This study describes metonymic argument alternations, in which a constructional slot can be filled by any of a set of semantic roles that index one another, and provides a diachronic corpus analysis of two such alternations in French. In theReveal secretframe and other communication frames, the Medium can indexically replace the Speaker and the Topic can indexically replace the Information. A regression analysis shows that whiletopic for informationmetonymy is more syntactically and pragmatically restricted,medium for speakermetonymy has seen an increase in usage over time across the frame. This change is related to sociocultural developments and has implications for the study of figurative language and lexical semantic change. While it is well understood that figurative mechanisms such as metonymy affect language change, here it is demonstrated that cultural shifts drive changes in metonymies themselves, with corresponding impacts for linguistic structure.
On an equation by primes with one Linnik prime
Authors: Dimitrov Stoyan Ivanov
Published: April 2022

Let

[
⋅
]

{[\,\cdot\,]}

be the floor function.
In this paper, we prove that if

1
<
c
<

16559
15276

{1<c<\frac{16559}{15276}}

, then
every sufficiently large positive integer N can be represented in the form

N
=

[

p
1
c

]

+

[

p
2
c

]

+

[

p
3
c

]

,

N=[p^{c}_{1}]+[p^{c}_{2}]+[p^{c}_{3}],

where

p
1

,

p
2

,

p
3

{p_{1},p_{2},p_{3}}

are primes, such that

p
1

=

x
2

+

y
2

+
1

{p_{1}=x^{2}+y^{2}+1}

.
On preserving continuity in ideal topological spaces
Authors: Njamcul Anika , Pavlović Aleksandar
Published: April 2022

Some sufficient conditions are presented for the continuity of the mapping

f
:

⟨
X
,

τ
X
*

⟩

→

⟨
Y
,

τ
Y
*

⟩

f\colon\langle X,\tau_{X}^{*}\rangle\to\langle Y,\tau_{Y}^{*}\rangle

, where

τ
X
*

\tau_{X}^{*}

and

τ
Y
*

\tau_{Y}^{*}

are the topologies induced by the local function on 𝑋 and 𝑌, resp. under the assumption that the mapping from

⟨
X
,

τ
X

⟩

\langle X,\tau_{X}\rangle

to

⟨
Y
,

τ
Y

⟩

\langle Y,\tau_{Y}\rangle

is continuous.
Further, we consider open and closed functions in the cases in which the open (or closed) mapping is preserved through the domain and codomain “idealization”.
Through several examples, we illustrate that the considered conditions cannot be weakened.
An experimental study on the role of manufacturing parameters on the dry sliding wear performance of additively manufactured PETG
Authors: Ergene Berkay , Bolat Çağın
Published: April 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a versatile and promising method for rapid prototyping and advanced design applications. Owing to its unique potential for fast production rates, and capacity of creating complex shapes, the number of researches on AM techniques have increased day by day in the technical literature. In this work, contrary to common literature efforts focused on mechanical properties, friction and wear behaviors of additively manufactured PETG samples were analyzed experimentally. As a methodology, fused filament fabrication (FFF) was selected. In order to explore the influence of manufacturing factors on wear properties, layer thickness (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mm), infill rate (40, 60, 80, and 100%), and building direction (vertical and horizontal) were changed. Before the friction tests, dimensional accuracy, hardness, and surface roughness measurements were conducted to interpret better the wear results. In addition, macroscopic and microscopic inspections were performed to determine the correct reason behind the deformation. From the data collected during the tests, there was a positive interaction between volume loss and layer thickness. Besides, there was no direct interaction between infill rate/building direction and coefficient of friction. In comparison with vertically built samples, horizontally built samples were subjected to more plastic deformation, and their worn surfaces were severely damaged.
Can a single scalar second order PDE govern well the propagation of the electric wave field in a heterogeneous 3D medium?
Authors: Romanov Vladimir G. , Klibanov Michael V.
Published: April 2022

It is demonstrated in this paper that the propagation of the electric wave
field in a heterogeneous medium in 3D can sometimes be governed well by a single scalar second order PDE,
which is derived from Maxwell’s equations. The corresponding component of the electric field dominates two
other components. This justifies some past results of the second author with
coauthors about numerical solutions of coefficient inverse problems with
experimental electromagnetic data. In addition, since it is simpler to work
in applications with a single scalar second order PDE rather than with the
complete Maxwell system, the result of this paper might be useful to
researchers working on applied issues of the propagation of electromagnetic waves in inhomogeneous media.
Sound change or community change? The speech community in sound change studies: a case study of Scottish Gaelic
Authors: Nance Claire
Published: April 2022

This paper considers the typical focus of analysis in a sound change study across generations: the speech community. I argue that changes in social practices across generations may mean that generational comparisons can be problematic, and these issues are particularly pertinent in small and endangered language communities. Using data from Scottish Gaelic (Celtic, ISO = gla), a minority endangered language of Scotland, I exemplify the challenges posed by the speech community construct via an examination of lateral production across generations of speakers. Gaelic traditionally contrasts three phonemic laterals, but analysis shows that this might be changing. There are two possible directions for sound change in the Gaelic lateral system: results show that younger speakers produce some palatalised laterals as palatal glides without laterality. Meanwhile, the remaining laterals are less acoustically distinct among younger generations, suggesting the possibility of future merger. The construct upon which any apparent- or real-time study of sound change relies is the speech community as a unit of analysis for change. While there are differences among the groups of speakers analysed here, I argue it is potentially problematic to consider this to be a form of sound change due to differences in social practices among generations surrounding Gaelic usage and socialisation. Ultimately, I advocate for a socially-informed approach to sound change study which sympathetically takes local social structure into account.
Regularization in the face of variable input: Children’s acquisition of stem-final fricative plurals in American English
Authors: Repetti-Ludlow Chiara , MacKenzie Laurel
Published: April 2022

From a young age, children go through a stage of leveling irregular forms. They are also known to probability-match variable phenomena. However, it is still unclear how children treat phenomena that are both irregular and variable. Does their tendency to overregularize take over, leading them to seize on the regular occurrences and produce them at an even higher rate than adults, or do children probability-match in these cases? In order to study this question, we turn to the variably voiced plurals of English nouns that end in a voiceless fricative, like leaves, houses, and paths. We find that children seem to probability-match for /s/-final and /θ/-final stems (e.g. houses, paths), but not for /f/-final stems (e.g. leaves). This finding has implications for our understanding of first language acquisition, and how learners acquire words with multiple processing requirements.
Study on the synthesis and performance of sodium 2-laurylamido isobutyrate
Authors: Li Ying , Huang Jian , Lin Liangliang , Xu Hujun
Published: April 2022

In the present work, sodium 2-laurylamido isobutyrate was synthesized from 2-aminoisobutyric acid, NaOH and lauroyl chloride by the Schotten-Baumann condensation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterize the products, and confirming the successful synthesis of sodium 2-laurylamido isobutyrate. The influence of temperature on the surface tension of sodium 2-laurylamido isobutyrate was studied, comparing the chemical properties of the surface with those of sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate. The results indicate that both surfactants have a similar pC
20, while the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the surface tension at the critical micelle concentration (γ
CMC) of sodium 2-laurylamido isobutyrate are higher than those of sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate. Further studies on the thermodynamic parameters of sodium 2-laurylamido isobutyrate and sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate indicate that the formation of micelles is a spontaneous exothermic process mainly driven by entropy. According to the dynamic surface tension of sodium 2-laurylamido isobutyrate and sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate, the molecular adsorption of the two components mixture change from the initial diffusion controlled adsorption to the later mixed dynamic controlled adsorption.
Bioindicators and biomonitoring: Review of methodologies applied in water bodies and use during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Serafín Muñoz Alma Hortensia , Guerrero Aguilar Armando , Rodríguez Castrejón Ulises Emiliano , Schüth Christoph , Noriega Luna Berenice
Published: April 2022

The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of the use and application of bioindicators in the evaluation of the quality of water bodies from their origins to the present Era; during and post Covid-19 Era (2019-2022). More than 800 papers were analyzed in relation to the theme and the discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the application of biomonitoring studies, criteria for selection of methods and organisms. This review focuses on algae, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish in river ecosystems, reservoirs, and other water bodies. Different types ofbiomonitoring methodologies are addressed, including biotic and diversity indices, multimetric and multivariate approaches, integrative methods, functional metrics, and new generation biomonitoring or "biomonitoring 2.0". Thisreview highlights the great importance of the use and application of bio-indicators and biomonitoring techniques within environmental management and environmental health sustainably.
Research on the Dynamic Propagation Characteristics of Cracks in Special-Shaped Charges
Authors: Luo Haohao , Yang Renshu , Li Chengxiao , Zhang Yuantong , Xu Bin , Liu Zhen
Published: April 2022

To analyze the crack growth characteristics of special-shaped charges, a digital laser caustics test system was used to study the crack growth process of special-shaped charges; theoretical calculations of the caustic line distribution of type I and II cracks were carried out, and crack growth under the action of the explosion load was calculated. The shape is binarized to obtain the fractal dimension of charges of different shapes. The finite element software LS-DYNA is used to simulate the crack propagation of special-shaped charges. The research results show that the main crack propagation of the special-shaped charge has obvious directionality, and the main crack propagation direction is basically along the internal angle bisector of the special-shaped charge; the fractal dimension of the special-shaped charge is: hexagon>circle>square>triangle. With the increase of the side length of the special-shaped charge, the number of main cracks gradually increases, but the direction and number of crack propagation of the round charge show randomness. The main crack growth rate of the triangular-shaped charge is the fastest, and the stress intensity factor at the crack tip is the highest; the numerical simulation results of the main crack growth direction and number of triangular, square, and hexagonal charges are basically the same as those of the explosion test, but there is a point in the circular blasthole deviation.
Contacto de lenguas y usos gráficos en las cartas de un scriptor semiculto mallorquín (Antonio Estada, 1789-1790)
Authors: Miguel Franco Ruth
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cinco cartas escritas por Antonio Estada, natural de Calvià (Mallorca), entre 1789 y 1790. Procedente de una familia de notarios, en las cartas se aprecia su familiaridad con documentos notariales, mezclada con rasgos típicos de scriptores semicultos. En concreto, sus usos gráficos muestran un cierto manejo de las convenciones escriturarias de la época, junto con características que apuntan a la oralidad de un catalanohablante, de donde resulta en una reorganización particular del sistema gráfico. Así pues, mediante el análisis de estas cartas, este trabajo trata de resaltar el valor que tienen los textos escritos por manos no profesionales para los estudios lingüísticos diacrónicos, especialmente en contexto de contacto de lenguas.
El revival del sufijo -érrimo
Authors: Méndez Santos María , Linares Bernabéu Esther
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo de investigación analiza el comportamiento actual del sufijo culto -érrimo, dado que hemos percibido una vitalidad que no encaja con la descripción como obsoleto que se realiza en las gramáticas y tratados de morfología. En consecuencia, para poder describir sus características, hemos seleccionado los types atestiguados en el corpus CdE:Now, que está compuesto de textos digitales provenientes de webs y magacines. Este nuevo comportamiento vincula su nueva vigencia a un discurso muy oralizado propio de blogs, redes sociales, columnas de opinión, interacciones con noticias, etc., con un registro coloquial. Los resultados constatados son que -érrimo presenta un perfil de sufijo activo en español actual, especialmente en un contexto oral u oralizado, que selecciona bases que no son de origen culto y que no necesariamente tienen una -r final. Principalmente se une a adjetivos bisílabos cuyos eductos, de hecho, presentan una fuerte vitalidad y difusión, en especial, buenérrimo, guapérrimo y monérrimo. El resto, evitando adjetivos relacionales, parecen fruto de una neología estilística y expresiva propia de la creatividad de ciertos periodistas, comentaristas o blogueros, por poner algunos ejemplos. Los efectos pragmáticos que se obtienen de su uso en el corpus evidencian que -érrimo cumple una función intensificadora con valores de cortesía valorizadora, una función humorística y una función irónica.
Estrategias socioeducativas para la inclusión en estudios post obligatorios con alumnado tutelado por el Sistema de Protección en Galicia (España)
Authors: Fernández-Simo Deibe , Cid-Fernández Xosé Manuel , Carrera-Fernández María Victoria
Published: April 2022

Introducción. La adolescencia tutelada por el sistema de protección protagoniza itinerarios formativos en los que solo una minoría logra cursar estudios post-obligatorios. Objetivo. Comprender que estrategias del acompañamiento socioeducativo, que realizan las figuras profesionales del sistema de protección, facilitan o dificultan el logro de objetivos académicos post-obligatorios con juventud protegida por la administración en Galicia (España). Metodología. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo organizado en dos fases. En la primera se llevaron a cabo siete historias de vida y 4 seguimientos longitudinales con jóvenes en protección, nueve fueron mujeres. La media de edad es de 20,3 años. El proceder se diseñó según la teoría fundamentada. En la segunda fase se realizaron dos grupos de discusión en los que participaron 9 figuras profesionales del sistema de atención a la infancia, con una edad media de 34,1 años. Dos especialistas externos colaboraron en el proceso de categorización. Resultados. Déficits de apoyo institucional en el sistema de protección para promover el acceso a la formación superior de la juventud tutelada. Las figuras profesionales destacan la precariedad de los medios con los que realizan su trabajo, lo que afecta tanto a la configuración de los apoyos al estudio como a la construcción de un entorno que promueva la formulación de objetivos de capacitación a largo plazo. Conclusiones. La universidad, así como sus procesos de gestión administrativa, permanece ajena a las necesidades socioeducativas específicas del alumnado en dificultad social, especialmente las del alumnado que tiene medidas de protección. Se discuten las implicaciones para la práctica educativa.
Repitencia escolar: Relación entre la autoeficacia y perspectiva temporal en adolescentes de Perú, Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Marin-Velazco Sofía , Ramos-León Daniela , Ventura-León José , Reyes-Bossio Mario
Published: April 2022

Introducción. La repetición escolar es un fenómeno escolar percibido, pero no atendido en América Latina; esto se evidencia en la escasa producción científica de la población en relación con las variables autoeficacia y perspectiva temporal. En ese sentido, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo examinar la relación entre autoeficacia y perspectiva temporal en estudiantes repitentes de nivel secundario. Metodología. Se aplicó el instrumento Escala de autoeficacia general, en su versión peruana (Grimaldo Muchotrigo, 2005) e Inventario de perspectiva temporal (Díaz-Morales, 2006). Las personas participantes fueron 157 estudiantes escolares que repitieron año escolar en el nivel primario o secundario. Resultados. Los resultados indican una relación moderada y positiva entre autoeficacia y la dimensión temporal de futuro (r = 0,48); pasado positivo (r = 0,32) y presente hedonista (r = 0,30); y una relación baja y positiva entre autoeficacia y pasado negativo (r = 0,22) y presente fatalista (r = 0,27). Discusión. Se concluye que existe una relación moderada entre la autoeficacia y las perspectivas del porvenir que deben ser examinadas en futuros estudios, entendiendo que la población de estudiantes repitentes es un grupo poco investigado aún. De hecho, estos resultados tienen fuertes implicancias prácticas porque permiten dar cuenta de la necesidad de explorar variables psicológicas en una población con repitencia y realizar abordajes desde los departamentos psicopedagógicos de los centros educativos.
The First Clinic of Surgery in Lithuania and its Founders
Authors: Triponis Vytautas , Triponienė Dalia
Published: April 2022

The developement of surgery in Vilnius and Lithuania is related to the Vilnius University Clinic of surgery founded in the middle of 1808–1809 academic year, that is more than 200 years ago and it was the first specialized clinical institution of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This new chapter at the Faculty of Medicine was orientated to the teaching and training of surgeons and developing their scientific approach to clinical practice. The Clinic of Surgery took over the concept of clinical education from the Clinic of Therapy which was initiated by Johan Peter Frank (1745–1821) and Joseph Frank (1771–1842) 3 years earlier. They were the founders of Vilnius medical Society as well. The concept consisted of the integration of basic theoretical knowledge into clinical skills learning. The basis of clinical training was ward round teaching on patient’s bedside, round the clock duty in the Clinic, continuous observation of patients and taking part in autopsy. Further developments of the Clinic were related to the activities of surgical professors from Western Europe, as well as highly experienced local doctors who immediately started lecturing and operating patients. These were the creators, developers and cherishers of the Clinic: Jacque Briotet (1746–1819), Johan Andreas Lobenwein (1758–1820), Johan Friedrich Niszkowski (1774–1816), Jakób Szymkiewicz (1775–1818), Konstantin Porcijanka (1793–1841). Foundation and successful operation of the surgical clinic signified a higher level in the evolution of Lithuanian clinical medicine. New concept of teaching and scientific approach to the diagnosis and surgical treatment made the clinic comparable to the European innovative medical institutions of the 19th century. The effective activities and future prospects were roughly cut off by Russian tsarist policy in 1832.
A Case Report on the Spontaneous Intraperitoneal Rupture of Urinary Bladder Presenting as Acute Intestinal Obstruction – Lessons Learnt
Authors: Nair Vipin Venugopal , Sharma Pawan , Prabhu Swarup , Rehsi Simarjit Singh
Published: April 2022

Acute intestinal obstruction is a common surgical emergency. Most of the time, the cause lies in the gastrointestinal track. A 19 year old boy presented with clinical features of acute intestinal obstruction and radiological features suggestive of large bowel obstruction was taken up for surgery. During evaluation we found extravasation of urine inside pelvic cavity. Exploratory laparotomy showed intraperitoneal rent in dome of urinary bladder with dense adhesion of omentum kinking the transverse colon causing acute intestinal obstruction. We were surprised to see the resolution of obstruction with excision of omental band. The bladder was repaired and he was relieved of the problem. This article is a rare example of nongastrointestinal cause for intestinal obstruction. Most of these cases are seen by a general surgeon in an emergency setting. Hence this report is to enlighten the medical caregivers about the existence of this rare entity.
Colorectal Neoplasm with Predominant Neuroendocrine Immunophenotype: Where does Adenocarcinoma End?
Authors: Cibulskaitė Gabrielė , Stulpinas Rokas , Poškus Eligijus , Tulytė Skaistė , Mickys Ugnius
Published: April 2022

MiNEN (mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm) is described in the 5th edition WHO classification of tumors of the digestive system as a mixed neoplasm, composed of neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine parts, each accounting for at least 30% of the tumor. Recently this formal criterion has been criticized based on the theory that both of these components could have a monoclonal origin and non-neuroendocrine cells develop neuroendocrinicity in the later evolutionary steps of adenocarcinoma. For this reason, the identification of pure adenocarcinoma component, that was overgrown by a more aggressive clone with neuroendocrine features, in a pathological specimen can be difficult and, in some cases, even impossible. So, it is likely that at least some of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas follow the same pathway, a theory that is further supported by adenocarcinoma-like molecular alterations in these tumors. Precise diagnosis (which means identifying and naming each tumor component regardless of its size) is essential for a personalized treatment strategy. We present an illustrative case of a rectal neoplasm that could be classified as a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, but exhibits morphological heterogeneity, mucin production and has a typical KRAS mutation pointing to adenocarcinomatous origin, which makes MiNEN a more accurate diagnosis. The article discusses the key points in classification, pathogenesis, and diagnostic approach to help effectively manage such neoplasms.
Wason Selection Task and a Semantics Based on State-descriptions
Authors: López-Astorga Miguel
Published: April 2022

Peter Wason provided his four-card selection task over five decades ago. It keeps causing difficulties from both the linguistic, the psychological, and the cognitive point of view. Many psychology theories have been proposed in order to remove its problems. This paper tries to offer one more possible account. That account is based on the method of extension and intension presented by Rudolf Carnap. Hence, it resorts to the concept of state-description. The basic ideas of the argumentation are two: 1) people might tend to consider state-descriptions when processing information, and 2) if conditionals are not expressed with a clear contextual framework, they might be interpreted as biconditionals.
Inferences Between Buridan’s Modal Propositions
Authors: Dagys Jonas , Giedra Haroldas , Pabijutaitė Živilė
Published: April 2022

In recent years modal syllogistic provided by 14th century logician John Buridan has attracted increasing attention of historians of medieval logic. The widespread use of quantified modal logic with the apparatus of possible worlds semantics in current analytic philosophy has encouraged the investigation of the relation of Buridan’s theory of modality with the modern developments of symbolic modal logic. We focus on the semantics of and the inferential relations among the propositions that underlie Buridan’s theory of modal syllogism. First, we review all inferences between propositions of necessity, possibility, contingency, and non-contingency, with or without quod est locution, that are valid in Buridan’s semantics, and offer a comprehensive diagrammatic representation that includes them all. We then ask the question if there is a way to model those results in first order modal logic. Three ways of formalizing Buridan’s propositions in quantified modal logic are considered. Comparison of inferences between the quantified formulas and Buridan’s propositions reveals that, when supplied with a suitable formalization, Buridan’s semantics of categorical statements and immediate inferences among them can be fully captured by the quantified modal system T.