bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P3H1 as a novel prognostic biomarker correlates with immune infiltrate
Authors: Wu Changmeng , You Xinxin , Li Bowen , Wang Qiu , Li Mingyang , Wen Jing , Lin Yu , Jiang Hang , Xie Weijie , Xia Yong , Ji Ling
Published: January 2024

Background
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1(P3H1), a member of the collagen prolyl hydroxylase family, plays an important role in the development and progression of malignant tumors. However, expression and prognostic value of P3H1 and its correlation with tumor immunity in some cancer remain unclear.
Methods
We identified transcription level in the P3H1 gene by searching the GEPIA2.0 and ULCAN databases, and then analyzed the relationship between gene expression and prognosis in each tumor using survival R package, and computed the log-rank P value and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Specifically, we used the oncomine and databases to further explore the relationship between P3H1 expression and the cancer prognosis. Moreover, we further investigated the role of P3H1 in tumor immunology using TIMER2.0 database. The relationship between the expression of this gene and TMB, NEO and MSI were also evaluated. More importantly, we performed signaling pathway enrichment analysis by KEGG and GO. Then, anticancer drug sensitivity analysis was performed using the pRRophetic R package. Finally, ELISA analysis was performed to compare the P3H1 serum level both the patients of COAD and healthy subjects.
Results
P3H1 was abnormally overexpressed in multiply tumors and distinct associations exist between P3H1 expression and prognosis of tumor patients by analysis online data. Moreover, we identified a strong correlation between P3H1 expression and immune checkpoint gene expression in diverse cancers. High expression of P3H1 was correlated with the immune infiltrated in COAD. Remarkably, a positive correlation between P3H1 expression and tumor mutation burden and neoantigen in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) was observed. Furthermore, P3H1 was involved in the extracellular matrix organization and immune-related pathways in COAD. In addition, drug sensitivity analysis revealed that high P3H1 group has higher sensitivity in diverse drug for the therapy of COAD compared to low P3H1 group. Finally, the serum level of P3H1 was much higher in patients with COAD than in control subjects, indicating a link between P3H1 and COAD.
Conclusion
Our study provides a comprehensive insight for revealing the significant role of P3H1 in the expression, survival, tumor immune, microenvironment of human cancers, and anticancer drug sensitivity analysis of COAD.
Ocular complications in pediatric non-infectious anterior uveitis in long-term follow-up
Authors: Siiskonen Mira , Hirn Iida , Pesala Roosa , Ohtonen Pasi , Kubin Anna-Maria , Hautala Nina
Published: January 2024

Background
Pediatric uveitis is often asymptomatic, which may expose to sight-threatening ocular complications. The impact of modern medication on frequency of long-term ocular complications in pediatric patients with anterior idiopathic uveitis (IU) or juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis (JIA-U) is not fully understood. We aimed to evaluate the effect of modern treatment on ocular complications in the population-based cohort of children with anterior idiopathic uveitis (IU) or juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis (JIA-U).
Methods
A longitudinal, population-based cohort study of children with IU or JIA-U in 2008–2020. Variables assessed included age, gender, age at diagnosis, laterality, chronicity, vision, and ocular complications.
Results
107 pediatric patients and 172 eyes with either IU (19 patients) or JIA-U (88 patients) were included. The mean age at uveitis onset was 10.0 ± 3.7 and 5.4 ± 3.2 years in IU and JIA-U, respectively (p < 0.001). Uveitis was chronic in 58% in IU and 74% in JIA-U patients, respectively. Uveitis was complicated with glaucoma in 45% of IU and 18% of JIA-U patients (p = 0.019). Cataract was developed in 31% of IU and 22% of JIA-U eyes (p = 0.28), and posterior synechiae in 21% and 9% of the eyes with IU and JIA-U, respectively. None of the eyes were hypotonic. Female gender was overrepresented in ocular complications. Glaucoma surgery was accomplished in 25 (15%) and cataract surgery in 19 (11%) eyes. Bilateral visual acuity remained > 0.5 in all patients.
Conclusions
Glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and cataract were the most typical complications of uveitis. Complications occurred mostly in girls and in IU patients. JIA-U patients with severe uveitis, young age at uveitis onset and female gender were predisposing factors for surgical management. Screening for JIA-U and modern treatment of uveitis has improved the prognosis of pediatric uveitis despite the development of ocular complications.
Combining two parasitoids (Asecodes hispinarum and Tetrastichus brontispae) for biological control of coconut leaf beetle
Authors: 张 起恺 , Jiao Bin , Lu Hui , Tang Jihong , Zhang Xu , Lyu Baoqian
Published: January 2024

The coconut leaf beetle (CLB), Brontispa longissima, is a major threat to coconut production worldwide, causing widespread and important losses throughout the tropics. Two eulophid parasitoids, Asecodes hispinarum and Tetrastichus brontispae, are the dominate natural enemies of CLB, but methods for their synergistic use have not previously been developed that would minimize interspecific conflicts and maximize their combined impact. We analyzed the interactions of A. hispinarum and T. brontispae and evaluated possible deployment strategies by determining the outcomes of releases under realistic agricultural conditions. Our laboratory studies showed that the concurrent release of the two parasitoid species did not reduce either species lifespan or reproductive output, and it significantly enhanced the impact on CLB. A 3:1 ratio of A. hispinarum to T. brontispae, a 10:1 parasitoid-to-pest ratio, and a regimen of five consecutive monthly releases proved to be the most efficacious strategy in the laboratory. Field trials over a two-year period consistently demonstrated the advantages of this combined release approach, resulting in significant reductions in pest populations and increases in parasitism rates. This study highlights the potential of integrating multiple parasitoid species to improve biological control impacts, example the context of sustainable pest management strategies.
Cracking performance sensitivity to material parameters of asphalt mixture in asphalt pavement with stabilized base with inorganic binders
Authors: Wu Chenhui , Wang Xiaoying , Li Kai , Ding Yong , Xu Qian
Published: January 2024

Fracture parameters of asphalt mixture have a great influence on reflective cracking propagation in asphalt pavement with stabilized base with inorganic binders, which is generally constructed in heavy traffic region. Many methods have been conducted to improve the temperature performance of asphalt mixture to reduce reflective crack. However, the relation between fracture parameters of asphalt mixture and cracking propagation law has not been investigated. In this study, cracking performance sensitive to material parameters of asphalt mixture in asphalt pavement was researched. Two kinds of thermal field models of pavement structure were built to obtain great falling temperature and circle temperature, which were used as the external temperature load to induce thermally reflective crack. The thermally reflective cracking propagation and sensitivity to fracture parameters of asphalt mixture were analyzed. In addition, the relationship between fatigue time and fatigue parameters defined in fatigue crack growth initiation criterion and fatigue crack growth completion criterion was investigated. Crack initiation temperature difference had a power relationship with elastic modulus, a linear relationship with tensile strength, but had no relationship with fracture energy. Crack completion temperature difference had a power relationship with elastic modulus, and a quadratic function with fracture energy. The results provided new insight into the cracking performance sensitivity to material parameters of asphalt mixture in reflective crack in asphalt pavement.
Experimental study of the influence of infrared radiation heating on the adsorption of methane by coal seams
Authors: Wang Yapeng , Zhang Yongli , Yang Xinle
Published: January 2024

In this paper, to obtain the mechanism of the effect of infrared radiation heating on the adsorption of methane by coal, experiments were combined with derivations, calculations of theoretical derivation、calculation of thermodynamic parameters and observations of microstructure, to provide a reference for infrared radiation heating increased coalbed methane production technology, to provide a reference for the application of infrared radiation heating to increase production of coalbed methane(CBM).Based on adsorption experiments, the variation in the saturation adsorption amount a and adsorption equilibrium constant b in the Langmuir equation were investigated, and the value of b was supplemented by a theoretical derivation. The results showed that (1) The amount of methane gas adsorbed by coal increased with increasing equilibrium pressure and decreased with increasing power of the infrared radiation source during infrared radiation heating. (2) The adsorption equilibrium constant b is exponentially related to the power of the infrared radiation emitting device. As the IR radiation power increased, the b value decreased, and the adsorption capacity of coal decreased. (3) The standard Gibbs free energy of two coal samples during the adsorption process was ΔG0<0, which indicated that all the adsorption processes were spontaneous. The values of the standard enthalpy change of adsorption ΔH0 were − 32.432 kJ/mol and − 29.614 kJ/mol, which indicated that the adsorption of methane in the coal seam was physical. The standard adsorption entropy changes ΔS0 were − 0.078 kJ/mol and − 0.069 kJ/mol, respectively, meaning that the adsorption process system decreased the entropy. Both ΔH0 and ΔS0 were less than 0, which showed that the absorption of methane gas on coal was spontaneous at low temperature. The magnitude of the value of the equivalent heat of adsorption qst was positively correlated with the amount of methane adsorbed, i.e., the adsorption of methane gas by coal samples was a continuous exothermic process.
Research on Inverse Dynamics modeling of Soft Manipulator
Authors: Geng Peng , He Yanlin , Yang Yi , Han Fei
Published: January 2024

In recent years, soft manipulators have attracted much attention in the field of robotics research due to their dexterity and good environmental adaptability. However, accurately modeling of soft manipulators remains a difficult task due to the uncertainties in their dynamics. Therefore, this paper proposed an method to accurately model the inverse dynamics of a soft manipulator. A BP neural network model was used to establish the inverse dynamics model of the soft manipulator, and then the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was employed to optimize the initial weights and biases of the BP neural network, and finally the correspondence between the end position of the soft manipulator and the input air pressure was established. In addition, load weights were introduced as one of the network inputs to enhance the control accuracy of the soft manipulator when it carries a load. By trajectory tracking experiments with and without load, the method was proved to achieve an average end position error of 0.839 mm with a relative error of 0.98%. When carrying loads its average end error is 1.800 mm with a relative error of 2.12%. The results demonstrated that the proposed optimized method can effectively improve the accuracy of the soft manipulator under both no-load and load conditions.
Efficacy and safety of single-dose artesunate plus sulfalene/pyrimethamine combined with praziquantel for the treatment of children with Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma haematobium in western Kenya: a randomised, open-label controlled trial
Authors: Obonyo Charles O. , Rawago Fredrick O. , Makworo Nicholas K. , Muok Erick M. O.
Published: January 2024

Background
Reliance on praziquantel for treatment and control of schistosomiasis is likely to facilitate the emergence of drug resistance. Combination therapy targeting adult and juvenile schistosome worms is urgently needed to improve praziquantel efficacy and delay the development of drug resistance. We assessed the efficacy and safety of single-dose praziquantel combined with single-dose artesunate plus sulfalene-pyrimethamine in the treatment of Kenyan children with schistosomiasis.
Methods
This was an open-label, randomized clinical trial with 426 school-age children (7–15 years old) diagnosed with S. mansoni (by Kato-Katz) or S. haematobium (by urine filtration). They were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive a single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) or a single dose of artesunate plus sulfalene-pyrimethamine (12 mg/kg artesunate) or combination therapy using a single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) combined with a single dose of artesunate plus sulfalene-pyrimethamine (12 mg/kg artesunate). The primary outcome was cure and egg reduction rates at six weeks post-treatment in the available case population. Adverse events were assessed within 3 hours after treatment.
Results
Of the 426 children enrolled, 135 received praziquantel, 150 received artesunate plus sulfalene-pyrimethamine, and 141 received combination therapy. Outcome data was available for 398 children. For S. mansoni-infected children (n = 335), the cure rates were 75.6%, 60.7%, and 77.8%, and egg reduction rates were 80.1%, 85.0%, and 88.4% for praziquantel, artesunate plus sulfalene-pyrimethamine, and combination therapy, respectively. For S. haematobium-infected children (n = 145), the corresponding cure rates were 81.4%, 71.1%, and 82.2%; egg reduction rates were 95.6%, 97.1%, and 97.7%. 71 (16.7%) children reported mild-intensity adverse events. No serious adverse events were reported. Combination therapy was associated with a significantly higher proportion of adverse events.
Conclusion
A single oral dose of praziquantel combined with artesunate plus sulfalene-pyrimethamine cured a high proportion of children with S. haematobium but did not improve the treatment efficacy for either urinary or intestinal schistosomiasis. Sequential administration of praziquantel and the artesunate plus sulfalene-pyrimethamine may enhance the efficacy and safety outcomes.
Clinical Trial Registration:
Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry, PACTR202211501227743
Physico-chemical properties of sunflower oil Pickering emulsions stabilized by cellulose nanocrystals-chitosan complex
Authors: Mikhaylov Vasily , Torlopov Mikhail , Vaseneva Irina , Martakov Ilia , Legki Philipp , Paderin Nikita , Sitnikov Petr A.
Published: January 2024

In this study we investigated the use of a polyelectrolyte complex formed by cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and chitosan (Chit) as a stabilizing agent for Pickering emulsions. We demonstrated that chitosan reduces surface charge of CNC, resulting in polyelectrolyte complexes that efficiently stabilize emulsions. Emulsification processes reveal that a slight change in chitosan concentration can recharge surface of CNC. An optimal stabilizing complex containing 1% chitosan gives emulsions with minimal zeta potential, droplet size, creaming index values, along with high stability during storage, change in pH, and application of high centrifugal forces. The study also shows that the maximum neutralized surface charge of the CNC in the CNC-Chit complex allows for effective adsorption on the surface of sunflower oil droplets, producing a denser stabilizing layer with smaller droplet size. Also, chitosan addition is linked to improved stability and higher viscosity, with little dependence on ionic strength and temperature. Potentiometric titration allowed to reveal that five-time less chitosan is needed to neutralize surface charge of acetylated CNC compared to sulfated CNC. It is established that the CNC-Chit ratio eliminates background electrolyte ion participation in neutralizing surface charge, resulting in the absence of characteristic pKa values of the initial components. Wettability on a hydrophilic surface depends on the surface charge of the complex, enhancing wettability and adhesion performance with increased chitosan content. Also, we showed that tuning of stabilizer composition can change bioaccessability of lipophilic compounds during oral administration.
Mastoparan-7 adjuvanted COBRA (H1/H3) Hemagglutinin Influenza Vaccines
Authors: Sanchez Pedro L. , Staats Herman F. , Abraham Soman N. , Ross Ted M.
Published: January 2024

Adjuvants enhance, prolong, and modulate immune responses by vaccine antigens to maximize protective immunity and enable more effective immunization in the young and elderly. Most adjuvants are formulated with injectable vaccines. However, an intranasal route of vaccination may induce mucosal and systemic immune responses for enhancing protective immunity in individuals and be easier to administer compared to injectable vaccines. In this study, a next generation of broadly-reactive influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccines were developed using the Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive Antigen (COBRA) methodology. These HA vaccines were formulated with Mastoparan 7 (M7-NH2) mast cell degranulating peptides as an adjuvant and administered intranasally to determine the protective effectiveness against a panel of influenza viruses and protection following influenza infection in mice. Mice vaccinated intranasally with M7-NH2-adjuvanted COBRA HA vaccines had high HAIs against a panel of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses and were protected against both morbidity and mortality, with reduced viral lung titers, following challenge with an H1N1 influenza virus. Additionally, M7-NH2 adjuvanted COBRA HA vaccines induced Th2 skewed immune responses with robust IgG and isotype antibodies in the serum and mucosal lung lavages. Overall, this intranasal COBRA HA M7-NH2 vaccine provides effective protection against drifted H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses.
Influence of 2-week auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on memory: findings from a randomized trial in community-dwelling adults
Authors: Cibulcova Veronika , Koenig Julian , Jackowska Marta , Jandackova Vera Kr
Published: January 2024

Background
Memory plays an essential role in daily life and is one of the first functions to deteriorate in cognitive impairment and dementia. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a promising therapeutic method, however its ability to enhance memory is underexplored, especially considering long-term stimulation. We aimed to investigate the effect of a 2-week course of auricular tVNS (atVNS) on memory in apparently healthy adults.
Methods
In the single-blind randomized placebo-waitlist control trial 76 participants (men = 30; mean age = 48.32) were recruited and randomized into four groups: EARLY ACTIVE or SHAM atVNS and LATE ACTIVE or SHAM atVNS. Participation in the study lasted 4 weeks where EARLY groups underwent 2 weeks intervention immediately following the first study site visit (days 0 to 13) and LATE groups 2 weeks after the first study site visit (days 14 to 27). ACTIVE and SHAM atVNS included 2 weeks of daily 4 hours of neurostimulation at the tragus or earlobe, respectively. To assess memory, we used the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test.
Results
Two weeks of ACTIVE atVNS, but not SHAM atVNS improved immediate recall and short-term memory score both in EARLY and LATE groups. Furthermore, the improvements persisted over subsequent follow-up in EARLY ACTIVE atVNS. Importantly, the effect of ACTIVE atVNS was superior to SHAM for immediate recall in both EARLY and LATE groups. There were no significant changes in delayed recall.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that atVNS improves memory, particularly immediate recall and may be an effective method in preventing memory loss and mitigating cognitive aging.
Another Mechanism for Gait Generation: Mechanical Stabilization Can Spontaneously Realize Walking in a Two-Legged Robot
Authors: Ikemoto Yusuke , Ito Kai , Sato Keita
Published: January 2024

Animals exhibit a variety of gait patterns that vary with locomotor speed and energy efficiency. Although a variety of gait patterns have been studied, the mechanism of gait generation has remained vague. In this study, we performed ground reaction force equalization for stable locomotion by developing a one-input, two-output biped robot with a differential gear. The developed robot can tolerate angular velocity differences and equalize the torque transmitted to the legs. To investigate the possibility of gait generation based on ground reaction force equalization, hardware experiments and mathematical analysis were conducted using a nonlinear system. The robot experiments and theoretical analysis show that the robot can spontaneously generate gait patterns by equalizing the ground reaction force.
Application of imaging detection based on spatial optical characteristics in motion attitude recognition
Authors: Lv Jing
Published: January 2024

Space optical imaging technology has a wide range of applications in motion attitude recognition, but due to changes in optical characteristics during motion, the accuracy and efficiency of imaging detection still face challenges. This article proposes a new imaging detection method based on spatial optical characteristics to improve the accuracy and efficiency of motion pose recognition. Firstly, a detailed analysis was conducted on the changes in optical characteristics of moving objects. Based on the research on the changes in optical characteristics, an imaging detection algorithm based on spatial optical characteristics was designed. This algorithm utilizes image processing and pattern recognition techniques to extract key features from the imaging process. Subsequently, feature extraction techniques are used to extract key features related to motion posture from the preprocessed images. Using pose matching algorithms, based on known pose feature models and extracted key features, the pose of a moving object is determined by calculating similarity. Compared with traditional methods, this method exhibits better performance in accuracy and efficiency, and can accurately recognize the posture of moving objects in complex motion scenes, providing technical support for research and application in the field of motion posture recognition.
Post-COVID 19 Pandemic Evolution of Suicide Ideation and Self-harm Behaviour Rates among Children and Adolescents Attending an Accident and Emergency Department
Authors: Maciá-Casas Ana , Iglesia-Larrad Javier de la , García-Ullán LLanyra , Refoyo-Matellán Belén , Munaiz-Cossío Clara , Díaz-Trejo Sara , Berdión-Marcos Vanesa , Calama-Martín Julia , Roncero Carlos , Pérez Jesús
Published: January 2024

Background
Lockdowns and other health protective measures, such as social distancing, imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic nurtured unprecedented levels of stress and social isolation around the world. This scenario triggered an increase of suicidal thoughts and self-harm behaviours among children and young people. However, the longer-term impact of the pandemic on the children´s and adolescents´ mental health, especially with regards to self-harm, is still to be fully discovered.
Methods
We carried out a retrospective study where we collected data related to suicidal ideation and self-harm behaviours in all patients aged under-18 that required on call psychiatric services at the Accidents and Emergency (A&E) department in Salamanca, Spain, during 2019 (pre-pandemic) and in both 2021 and 2022, to capture possible variation at different time points during the post-pandemic period.
Results
A total of 316 patients under-18 were seen by on call psychiatric services at the A&E department during the three time periods: 78 in 2019, 98 in 2021 and 140 in 2022. The mean age was 15.12 (SD 2.25) and females represented more than twice the number of males each year. More than half of all patients assessed during 2022 disclosed suicidal thoughts, whilst in 2019 was near 25%. This increase in suicide ideation rates was more marked among females (p=0.001), those aged over-15 (p<0.001), and/or with previous history of mental health problems (p<0.001). We identified an increase in the proportion of males with suicidal ideas, especially between 2021 and 2022 (p=0.015).
Conclusions
Our study suggests that post-COVID 19 pandemic young people under-18 demand for psychiatric urgent care and the rates of these presentations in A&E departments with suicidal thoughts and/or self-injuries are not declining but increasing with the passage of time. More research is warranted to understand possible factors involved in this sustained trend.
Imbalanced Spectral Data Analysis using Data Augmentation based on the Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Chung Jihoon , Zhang Junru , Saimon Amirul Islam , Liu Yang , Johnson Blake N. , Kong Zhenyu James
Published: January 2024

Spectroscopic techniques generate one-dimensional spectra with distinct peaks and specific widths in the frequency domain. These features act as unique identities for material characteristics. Deep neural networks (DNNs) has recently been considered a powerful tool for automatically categorizing experimental spectra data by supervised classification to evaluate material characteristics. However, most existing work assumes balanced spectral data among various classes in the training data, contrary to actual experiments, where the spectral data is usually imbalanced. The imbalanced training data deteriorates the supervised classification performance, hindering understanding of the phase behavior, specifically, sol-gel transition (gelation) of soft materials and glycomaterials. To address this issue, this paper applies a novel data augmentation method based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) proposed by the authors in their prior work. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the actual imbalanced spectral data from Pluronic F-127 hydrogel and Alpha-Cyclodextrin hydrogel are used to classify the phases of data. Specifically, our approach improves 7%, 5%, and 5% of the performance of the existing data augmentation methods regarding the classifier’s F-score, Precision, and Recall on average, respectively. Specifically, our method consists of three DNNs: the generator, discriminator, and classifier. The method generates samples that are not only authentic but emphasize the differentiation between material characteristics to provide balanced training data, improving the classification results. Based on these validated results, we expect the method’s broader applications in addressing imbalanced measurement data across diverse domains in materials science and chemical engineering.
Characteristic differences and mechanism of community-concentrated and corridor-expanded canal heritage tourism: Experience and inspirations from the Grand Canal (Beijing Section)
Authors: Zhang Shuying
Published: January 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Synergistic plasticizing effect of bio-based isosorbide di-epoxidized oleate on poly (vinyl chloride) resins
Authors: Huang Wenyan , Nan Hui , Ma Jianzhe , Dong Kuiyun , Zhong Heyan , Zhang Jingjing , Wu Jian , Xue Caihong , Xu Shiai , Liu Guangxi
Published: January 2024

The strategic importance of developing environmentally friendly PVC biomass plasticizers with excellent anti-migration and plasticizing effects cannot be overstated. This paper delves into the synthesis and application of bio-based isosorbide di-epoxidized oleate (IDEO) as a secondary biomass plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films. Explored were the synergistic effects between IDEO and dioctyl phthalate (DOP), alongside an assessment of the influence of the compound plasticizer on the properties of PVC products. The partial substitution of DOP resulted in PVC films with improved thermal stability, flexibility, and migration resistance. IDEO-10/PVC, in particular, exhibited a 64% increase in tensile strength compared to DOP/PVC and maintained thermal stabilization for over 280 minutes at 180 ℃. With a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 33°C, a plasticizing efficiency of 148%, and excellent cold resistance properties, IDEO-10/PVC outperformed DOP/PVC. IDEO-10/PVC migration resistance was significantly lower than in the original PVC resin with only DOP plasticizers under three different polar conditions. Transmittance remained above 87% after 10 days of UV irradiation. Molecular dynamics simulation further confirmed the synergistic plasticizing effect between IDEO and DOP at an IDEO addition of 10 phr. The environmentally friendly approach, holds significant promise for the scaled-up application of PVC.
Prevalence of diarrhea types in children admitted in the pediatric department of Maiwand Teaching Hospital in Kabul city during one year
Authors: Sediqi Mohammad Sharif , Wali Khatera , Wali Abdulwali
Published: January 2024

Background: Diarrhea is a clinical condition when a child has three or more loose defecation in one day. Acute diarrhea has rapid onset and lasts for less than two weeks, persistent diarrhea lasts for longer than two weeks and frequently has infectious causes, and chronic diarrhea lasts for longer but particularly does not have infectious causes.
Methods: This is a cross sectional study which has been done on 4125 patients who had been hospitalized during one year (March 2021-March 2022) in MTH, the sampling method was Census and the patients who suffer from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) or not has been considered
Results: This cross sectional study has been done on 4125 child who had been hospitalized in pediatric department of Maiwand Teaching Hospital during one year and the prevalence of diarrhea according to age, gender and its types among patients who has been suffering from (SAM) or has not been suffering from (SAM) is considered and at result it has been found that the prevalence of diarrhea among all hospitalized children is 25.89 percent. Among those who have not been suffering from (SAM) the prevalence of diarrhea was 21.77% whereas among those who have been suffering from SAM the prevalence of diarrhea was 35.75%. In this research it has been found that the prevalence of diarrhea is more in boys than in girls (59.92%). According to age the prevalence of diarrhea was much more at the age of 2months-3years (53.26%). The prevalence of acute diarrhea was 85.95% and was the most common type of diarrhea found in this research.
Conclusion: Acute diarrhea is still a great problem in developing countries among pediatrics population and the prevalence of it relates directly to the nutritional status of the child.
Enhancing Biodegradability of Coffee Husk and Water Hyacinth using Food Waste: Synergistic and Kinetic Evaluation under Co-digestion
Authors: Ibro mohammed Kelif , Ancha Venkata Ramayya , Lemma Dejene Beyene , Pohl Marcel mekbib
Published: January 2024

Coffee husk (CH) and water hyacinth (WH) are seen as environmental challenges causing eutrophication of water streams and infestation of water bodies. These biomass resources, available in plenty with high organic content can be considered for anaerobic digestion. However, their high lignin content poses a challenge to their biodegradability in which case co-digestion with easily degradable food waste (FW) could alleviate this problem. Thus, the synergistic effect with co-digestion of CH and WH employing increasing FW levels on biogas yield, biodegradability (BDfpc), and biodegradation rate (ηBD) were investigated in this work. Experimental studies were conducted with a varied mixtures of CH/WH/FW (100:0:0, 0:100:0, 35:35:30, 30:30:40, 25:25:50, 20:20:60 and 0:0:100) at constant temperature (38 ± 1°C). The results indicated that addition of FW significantly enhanced WH and CH digestion performance, with the maximum biogas yield of 572.60 ml/gVS, highest BDfpc of 89.22% and ηBD of 57.82% obtained at a mix ratio of 25:25:50, which was improved by 194.98% compared to CH mono-digestion. The co-digestion tests exhibited strong synergy due to their nutritional balance and other interactive effects promoting stability. Maximum synergy was 1.72 for a mix of 20:20:60. The modified Gompertz, logistic, and first-order kinetic models were used to simulate the experimental data to portray the biodegradation and kinetics involved. The modified logistic equation was seen to be the best fit to elucidate biogas production. The current findings highlighted the importance of increasing the easily biodegradable waste fractions in the co-digestion of lignocellulosic biomass for enhanced biodegradability.
Prognostic Impact of Estimated Acute Kidney Injury Compared with Estimated Glomerular Filtration in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Data from CURES
Authors: Wang Dingyi , Li Yishan , Fan Guohui , Yang Yuanhua , Xu Xiaomao , Ji Yingqun , Yi Qun , Chen Hong , Hu Xiaoyun , Liu Zhihong , Mao Yimin , Zhang Jie , Shi Juhong , Zhang Zhu , Lei Jieping , Wu Sinan , Zhang Shuai , Zhen Kaiyuan , Zhai Zhengguo , Wang Chen
Published: January 2024

Background
Renal function affects outcomes of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). We aimed to find an optimal method of renal function assessment for acute PE patients, by comparing the prognosis value of estimated acute kidney injury (AKI) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on hospitalized PE patients.
Methods
Adult patients diagnosed acute PE from 2009 to 2015 with available data of serum creatine (SCr) were enrolled from a nationwide, multicenter registry in China (CURES registry). Patients with high-risk PE were excluded. eGFR was calculated by MDRD equation. Estimated AKI was defined according to the “Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes” (KDIGO) definition, by using the single assessment of SCr at admission. All-cause death, PE-related death, and bleeding events during hospitalization were analyzed as endpoints.
Results
A total of 3,575 patients with acute normotensive PE patients were enrolled into analysis. 253 (7.1%) patients were identified estimated AKI at admission and moderate-to- severe renal insufficiency (eGFR < 60ml/min·1.73m2) was identified in 406 (12.0%) patients. The overlaps of different stages of estimated AKI and levels of eGFR showed that all patients with estimated AKI meet the definition of moderate-to-severe renal insufficiency. Patients met both estimated AKI and eGFR < 60ml/min·1.73m2 had higher rates of in-hospital mortality and PE-related death than those with only eGFR < 60ml/min·1.73m2 (4.7% vs 0.7% and 2.4% vs 0, respectively, both p < 0.05). The rates of any bleeding and major bleeding were significantly higher in those had eGFR < 60ml/min·1.73m2 than eGFR ≥ 60ml/min·1.73m2 (9.2% vs 5.6% and 4.5% vs 1.5%, respectively, both p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The presence of AKI was more associated with short-term mortality while impaired eGFR was related to an increased incidence of bleeding events. Proper assessment of kidney function and individualized decision-making in patients with acute PE are important.
First record of Sigmodon minor (Rodentia) in the early Blancan of central Mexico: migrants from the Great Plains, their chronology, paleoecology, and biogeography in response to paleoclimates
Authors: Pacheco-Castro Adolfo , Carranza-Castañeda Oscar , Wang Xiaoming
Published: January 2024

In this study, we present the first occurrence ofSigmodon minorin Mexico, collected in the Pliocene, early Blancan of the San Miguel de Allende Basin, Guanajuato. This record represents an early and rapid migration of these rodents from the Great Plains to lower latitudes, possibly in response to climatic fluctuations that occurred during the late Neogene and favored the grassland biome expansion. The fossils described in this manuscript are one of the most complete findings for this species, including well-preserved mandibles and maxillary elements, which were found in association with megafauna and have radiometric ages. The dental occlusal structure and evolutionary stages of the molars were compared in detail with other contemporary records in North America, in addition to palaeoecological inference based on body size, suggesting the predominance of an open grassland ecosystem but with a complex mosaic of niches of more wet conditions.
Optimization of land subsidence prediction features based on machine learning and SHAP value with Sentinel-1 InSAR Data
Authors: Su Heng , Xu Tingting , Xion Xiancai , Tian Aohua
Published: January 2024

Land subsidence has always been a concern of geoscience, and exploring the factors affecting land subsidence to predict future land subsidence is essential research. However, current research rarely has a scientific and unified feature screening process for land subsidence features. This study applies neural networks and SHAP values to land subsidence prediction. We used SHAP values instead of the traditional random forest (RF) to quantify land subsidence features and neural networks to predict the areas where land subsidence is likely to occur in the cities of Chongqing and Chengdu, encompassing the majority of the possible land subsidence scenarios in the future. The results show that the prediction of land subsidence using neural networks improves the model accuracy by 16% compared to the traditional method. After input features optimization, the performance improves by nearly 22%. We found that the feature optimization method based on SHAP values proposed in this study is more helpful for land subsidence prediction, and the factors affecting land subsidence derived from data analysis with complex terrain are also consistent with the results of previous studies. This feature optimization method can contribute to the input variable selection process for the land subsidence prediction model, improve accuracy, and provide solid theoretical support for preventing urban land subsidence.
Burkitt's lymphoma of bilateral breasts in pregnancy combined with a huge abdominal mass and bone marrow invasion: A case report
Authors: Yan Xingmin , Liu Shiqiang , Xia Yun
Published: January 2024

Burkitt's lymphoma of the breast is a rare kind of malignancy, which usually occurs among women during pregnancy or breastfeeding. A rapid diffuse swelling of bilateral breasts is the most common mode of presentation. This article reports a rare case of Burkitt's lymphoma of the breast during pregnancy. The patient presented with diffuse enlargement of both breasts with skin erythema, and increased skin temperature, which brought difficulty in distinguishing it from inflammatory breast cancer and gestational mastitis. The rare clinical manifestations pose a challenge for early diagnosis, only by a series of imaging tests. Until the fine needle aspiration of breast revealed lymphoma cells and a subsequent bone marrow biopsy revealed a translocation of chromosome No.8 and No.14, the final diagnosis was ensured. Meanwhile, imaging examination indicated a huge retroperitoneal mass at a maximum diameter about 10 centimetre. It was significantly reduced together with breast lesion during the standardized chemotherapy. For a rapid progression and poor prognosis, an early diagnosis and prompt therapy are especially important for this very disease. This article provides a patient with an atypical presentation accompanied by a massive retroperitoneal neoplasm, to alert clinicians and help them learn more about this rare disease.
Triglyceride-glucose index as a predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with in-stent restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Wang Yifei , Tao Huimin , Tao Li
Published: January 2024

The Triglyceride-glucose index(TYG) is a reliable indicator for predicting the prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In patients with stent failure, its influence is unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the association between the TYG index and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after PCI in patients with in-stent restenosis(ISR).This retrospective study included 1,654 patients who underwent PCI from 2016 to 2023 in Nanjing First Hospital. Patients were stratified into three groups based on their quantile level. The baseline characteristics and follow-up data of these patients were meticulously recorded. The TyG index was determined as Ln(triglycerides [mg/dL] × fasting plasma glucose [mg/dL]/2.As a result, during a median follow-up period of 40 months, 357 patients (21.6%) experienced MACEs. After adjustment for potential confounders, There’ s significant and independent association between TYG index and the primary endpoint. (HR 1.191; 95% CI 1.019–1.412; P = 0.029). Compared to the lowest quantile, the risk of primary endpoint events in the TyG third quantile increased 1.370-fold (HR 1.370; 95% CI 1.052–1.785; P = 0.020). For the male and diabetes subgroups, this trend was even more pronounced (HR 1.269; 95% CI 1.055–1.527; P = 0.011; HR 1.385; 95% CI 1.125–1.706; P = 0.002). Additionally, the incidence of MACEs was greater in ISR patients with the highest TyG indices (P = 0.019).In conclusion, an increased TYG index is significantly associated with an increased risk of MACEs after PCI in patients with ISR, and this trend is more significant in male patients with diabetes. Monitoring TyG index is helpful for improving the postoperative health of patients with ISR.
The triglyceride glucose index is strongly associated with the risk of MACCEs and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: An 11-year longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Wei Rongyan , Chen Shangyu , Huang Xiuxian , Zhai Zhenwei , Wang Qiu , Sun Jingxia , Mo Jianming , Huang Jianhao , Xu Yancheng , Li Junjun , Lu Wensheng
Published: January 2024

Background
The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index has been confirmed to be a novel sensitive predictor of clinical prognosis in patients with endocrine metabolic disorders. However, there is a paucity of research dedicated to delving into the relationship between the TyG index and the risk of major adverse cardio-cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU).
Methods
This study enrolled 1750 inpatients with DFUs based on an ambispective longitudinal cohort with continuous follow-up covering January 2013 to December 2023. All participants were followed up every 6 months for 11 years, for a median of 83 months. A total of 960 participants were eligible for inclusion in the current analysis. According to the median TyG index, the subjects were divided into two groups: low (< 9.12, n = 480) and high (≥ 9.12, n = 480). The present study evaluated the relationships between the TyG index and the risk of MACCEs and all-cause mortality in patients with DFU through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, Cox regression models, restricted cubic splines (RCSs), stratified analysis, and Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis.
Results
Out of 960 participants, 271 experienced MACCEs (28.22%), 79 (29.15%) of whom died during the follow-up period. ROC curve analysis revealed that the optimal TyG index cutoff values for predicting the risk of MACCEs and all-cause mortality in patients with DFU were 8.97 and 9.01, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the TyG index was positively associated with MACCEs (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.807; 95% CI = 1.402–2.328; P < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.661; 95% CI = 1.039–2.656; P = 0.034) in an S-shaped nonlinear dose-dependent manner. After eliminating the influence of covariates by stratified analysis, Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis was performed, and the results showed that the higher the TyG index was, the greater the cumulative incidence of MACCEs (P < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (P = 0.031).
Conclusion
The present study revealed an S-shaped nonlinear dose‒dependent positive relationship between the TyG index and the risk of MACCEs and all-cause mortality in patients with DFU. Consequently, lowering the TyG index helps improve the clinical prognosis in patients with DFU.
A QSPR analysis and curvilinear regression for various degree-based topological indices of Quinolone antibiotics
Authors: Kirana B. , Shanmukha M.C. , Usha A.
Published: January 2024

Graph invariants or topological indices play an essential role in defining a chemical compound numerically. They are widely used in QSPR/QSAR analysis. Using this analysis, physicochemical properties of the compounds and the topological indices are studied. Various statistical parameters are determined and they are interpreted according to their numerical values obtained. This article concentrates on studying curvilinear regression models of Quinolone antibiotics. Quinolones are synthetic antibiotics employed for treating the diseases caused by bacteria. Across the years, Quinolones have shifted its position from minor drug to a very significant drug to treat the infections caused by bacteria and in urinary tract. They are largely used in the treatment of various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. A study is carried out on Quinolone antibiotics by computing eleven topological indices through QSPR analysis. Linear, quadratic and cubic regression models are determined for all topological indices. These regression models are depicted graphically by extending for fourth degree and fifth degree models for significant topological indices with its corresponding physical property showing the variation between each model.
Who belongs to the middle class? Identifying them using monthly family income
Authors: Fidah Md Fuad Al , Efa Syeda Sumaiya , Khan Md. Abdullah Saeed
Published: January 2024

Objectives
Social class is a significant factor that influences an individual’s health, education, and lifestyle, among other things. However, there is no standard income-based scale that can classify individuals into different social classes for comparability across studies. In this article, we outlined the method of using monthly family income to identify the middle class of a country and how to use it to define the lower and upper class.
Methods
We used a widely accepted definition of the middle class and implemented it to determine the threshold for middle class family using the monthly median income of a country. This method can be used by any country to classify the community as “lower class” (< 75% of the median income), “middle class” (75–125% of the median income) and “upper class” (> 125% of the median income). We also presented an example using data from Bangladesh. The results were then adjusted for inflation to provide a guideline for updating the income limits for any future year.
Results
The current study used an accepted definition of the middle class and based on an example of Bangladesh implemented it after adjusting for inflation. The social class in 2023 based on the monthly household income was < 12,500 BDT for lower class, 12,500 to 21,500 BDT for middle class and > 21,500 BDT for upper class after inflation.
Conclusion
This social class classification can be used for grouping study participants into comparable socioeconomic categories in the context of any country and can be updated easily in the future.