bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Debate over Post-Mortem Existence and Thrifty Burial in Wang Chong’s Lunheng
Authors: LIAN Zelei
Published: April 2023

Han China （202 BCE-220 CE） is a haunted world filled with spirits, demons, and ghosts of all kinds, whose influence is felt everywhere. In a time when variegated theories on the spirit world and mortuary traditions vie with each other for prominence, Wang Chong (27-ca. 100 CE), a most original philosopher, offers his systematic treatment of these contentious issues. Writing in a lively style with passion, reason, and patience, Wang Chong actively engages himself in these debates and applies organized and meticulous inquiry to tell fallacies of belief from what he believes to be the truth. This paper examines Wang Chong’s arguments on post-mortem existence and thrifty burial in detail and pays special attention to the strengths and weaknesses of his thesis.
On the Analysis of the Optimization of China’s Food Security Governance Path under the New Food Security Concept
Authors: YAN Ying , WANG Yaqiong
Published: April 2023

The current international situation has undergone profound changes, coupled with the unprecedented epidemic in a century. The international and domestic environment of my country’s grain market has emerged with new features and faced new challenges. The instability and uncertainties of the food security system have increased significantly. This paper focuses on food security issues under the great changes in the domestic and foreign environment in the new era. Starting from the analysis of the food security concept with Chinese characteristics, it is proposed that my country,s food security governance needs to achieve four basic goals of “supply security,” “access security,” “consumption security” and “regulatory security”. Based on the four security objectives, review and sort out the history and current situation of my country’s food security governance, analyze the main internal and external challenges affecting China’s food security governance , and study and judge the internal and external factors affecting my country,s food security governance and the focus of food security governance. Finally, around the four basic goals of food security governance, combined with the internal and external challenges faced by food security governance, five ways to optimize the road of food security governance in my country are proposed: First , improve the supply efficiency with the help of agricultural science and technology, and basically guarantee the food supply safety; the second is to build a high-level grain circulation and reserve system to firmly maintain the safety of food access; the third is to improve the market transaction and information service system, and actively improve the safety of food consumption; the fourth is to optimize the government’s grain control and monitoring system to firmly guarantee the security of grain control; the fifth is to explore a new cooperation mechanism for international grain trade to enhance the security of international grain trade.
An Aesthetic Research into the Contrastive Styles on the Translations of Shakespeare’s Works
Authors: JIA Zhihao
Published: April 2023

There exist debates about “poetry” and “prose” styles in the translations of Shakespeare’s works continuously, and there are the circumstances of one sticking to its own style, partializing and belittling the other. The “verse” school of Shakespeare translation maintains that Shakespeare’s original plays are verse, unique to 16th and 17th-century English poetic dramas (blank verse), which does not rhyme but has a distinct rhythm different from that of prose, typically an iambic five steps per line, capable of both impounding and crooning. Even the prose part of Shakespeare’s plays is also rhythmless verse, which can go into the realm that prose cannot go into. But some point out that translating Shakespeare’s works should base on the principle that “there is no fixed style, but a general style” the “general style” can have different expression styles under the concession of a certain style and the subjects, contents and the different characters of the translators. Besides, the early Shakespearean works were written in blank verse, and in the middle and late periods, they were written in prose. There are also other styles and variants, for example, the “prose-verse-couplet” in Timon of Athens and “syneathetic rhyme” in Winter’s Tale. Consequently, the translations of Shakespeare’s works should be “there is the beauty of poetry and fluency of the prose; meanwhile, poetry and prose should be combined.” Poetry and prose should permeate and converge. “The translations should not hold shape and lose the true conditions, mud the skin and misplace the temperament.”
On Changes of Narrative Focalization and Narrative Voice in Fiction Translation: A Case Study of Tales of Hulan River and Goldblatt’s Translation
Authors: GONG Ying
Published: April 2023

Based on the Chinese corpus of Tales of Hulan River and its English translation, this paper analyzes the narrative discourse from the perspective of “Point of View” and “voice” at the sentence level, and explores the implications of discourse translation for the artistic reproduction of the novel’s narrative. The study attempts to generalize the differences in focalization and discourse between the source text and the target text, and discusses the results of these variations in two ways: firstly, the naturalization and oneness of focalization, and discourse style, the destruction of the child’s perspective; and secondly, the loss of narrative hierarchy and colloquial feature in the translation.
An Attempt of Construction of English Language Intelligent Flipped Classroom Teaching Mode from an Ecological Perspective
Authors: HONG Yan , ZHANG Jinghong
Published: April 2023

With the development of information technology and advancement of education reform, flipped classroom as an essential component of blended learning has drawn substantial attention from researchers and has been put into practice in full swing in modern classrooms. Besides, classroom teaching ecology regards teaching as an ecosystem, and treats teachers and students as the key elements of common development in a harmonious environment. The aim of this study is to explore a systematic construction of English language intelligent flipped classroom teaching mode from the perspective of ecology.Based on the theory of ecology, it first discusses the ecological connotation of English language intelligent flipped classroom teaching with classroom ecological factors and the relationships among them, and further expounds the essence of ecology for constructing an English language intelligent flipped classroom teaching model, and then analyzes the process of constructing the English language intelligent flipped classroom teaching mode on the basis of ecology. Specifically, it includes the construction of an ecological environment, ecological teaching method, ecological subjects’ relationship, and ecological learning platform, which ultimately realizes the educational function of the English language classroom ecological system.Additionally, the framework and procedures of ecological English language intelligent flipped classroom teaching have been attempted to be established. Finally, the study summarizes the potential impact of the intelligent flipped classroom on English teaching, and puts forward some practical teaching strategies and guidance for improving English language teaching in the future as well.
Dimensions of supply risks in the supply of water: A case of Zet district municipality
Authors: Mbhele Thokozani Patmond , Khuzwayo Sebenzile
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the study is to ascertain water supply risks in a district municipality, in South Africa. It aims to strike a balance between the risk of water supply and demand within the Zet District Municipality’s capacity for integrated water service delivery. Inductive thematic analysis and in-depth interviews with district administrators were used to collect qualitative data as part of an exploratory case study design. The findings from the interpretive philosophy reveal that district municipalities lack the capacity to deliver water services due to a variety of supply chain risks and augmenting water demand from the community. Due to the detrimental effects of water shortages on livelihoods, the district's supply risk management capacities need to be strengthened. The supply chain operations should mitigate supply risks not just in water supply, but in service delivery as a whole by striking a balance between water demand and supply to address supply risks. The supply risks that are recognised should take into account data sharing, supplier agility, adaptability, dependability, and infrastructure quality. The force field analysis created a platform to identify the forces that provide a change in the water supply.
NEP 2020 and Evolution of Holistic Individual
Authors: Saxena Preeti
Published: April 2023

The chapter 11 of NEP 2020, states ‘Towards a More Holistic and Multidisciplinary Education’.

In this VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous) world, nothing can be preplanned but being proactive for different situations can help make a better world of tomorrow. For this, an individual should be economically independent, he should be composed of humanistic, ethical, constitutional and universal human values of truth, righteous conduct, peace, love, non-violence, scientific temper, citizenship values and also life- skills; lessons of seva/service and participation in community service programmes should be made compulsory for him.

Efforts are made always to make a schematic representation of a model to implement for the attainment of holistic individual where the start of the day is with the meditation and physical exercise. The time for academics is the University hours where apart from the academics, certain soft skills like communication, debates, discussion will be made compulsory for each course. Rigorous specialization for the chosen field will be followed. Compulsory physical work for developing the dignity of labour will be incorporated. Work experience course should be introduced to make understand the practical knowledge of the subject. Opportunities will be provided to the students to pursue internships with the local industry, businesses, artists, crafts persons, etc. as well as research internships with faculty and researchers at their own, of a defined duration.

Further, A university is required so that human beings are nurtured in such a way where all round development is being taking place with value based education. It should be model to make the policy perspectives to be viewed with one’s eyes and easy to understand.

For the evolution of a holistic individual, a holistic model is necessary where it takes into account all the relevant ideas mentioned in the said policy.
Development and Validation of a Brief Bullying Behavior Scale: Examination of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Survey Bullying Items
Authors: Yu Rondy
Published: April 2023

Bullying in schools is a longstanding challenge that has been repeatedly linked to deleterious student outcomes. Using a nationally representative sample of students in the United States (N=12,642, grades 5 to 10), this study examined the factor structure of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) self-report survey’s bullying items, along with one additional item related to the occurrence of physical fighting. Results provide preliminary support for the use of 19 items from the HBSC survey as a standalone scale for measuring student involvement in bullying for both male and female students.
China's Economic Policy Uncertainty and China Commodity Futures Company Performance
Authors: Liu Guoge
Published: April 2023

Under the background of the innovation of the futures market, the mixed operation of the capital market and the liberalization of the financial market, China's futures companies are faced with rare opportunities for development, as well as severe difficulties and challenges. Based on the theoretical model and analysis, this paper discusses the impact of economic policy uncertainty on the performance of commodity futures companies based on the panel data of China's A-share agricultural, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry, manufacturing listed companies and the Baker's China economic policy uncertainty index from 2013 to 2020, and draws the conclusion that China's economic policy uncertainty can have a positive impact on the performance of China's agricultural, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry, manufacturing commodity futures companies. In light of this perspective, it is essential for government agencies to carefully assess the influence on various economic sectors while employing policy measures to manage economic growth and mitigate the effects of economic fluctuations. This would prevent policy-induced fluctuations. Simultaneously, it is crucial for commodity futures companies to bolster innovation and enhance their operational capabilities in order to secure long-term progress.
Pricing of Non-financial Assets Considering Bank Credit Risk
Authors: Zhai Weiwei
Published: April 2023

This paper selects the data of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies and 12 commercial banks from January 2010 to December 2020, constructs A bank factor representing the level of bank credit risk and introduces it into the Fama-French three-factor model, and theoretically establishes a four-factor asset pricing model considering bank credit risk. The empirical test results show that: (1) In the non-financial market, the bank factor quantified by the level of bank credit risk plays a good role in explaining individual stocks, and can be used as the influence factor of asset pricing in the non-financial industry; (2) The addition of bank factor improves the comprehensive explanatory ability of market factor, size factor and book-to-market ratio factor, and reasonably expands and revises the Fama-French three-factor model theoretically. The results of this paper improve the pricing efficiency of the Fama-French three-factor model based on bank credit risk, and enrich and perfect the asset pricing theory to a certain extent.
ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS IN NURSING STAFF DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: PERVAIZ R , ARIF B , SARWAR T , ALAM AP , ASGHAR A , RAZA S , RANA MA , HANIF S
Published: April 2023

The present study aims to investigate the psychological stress levels among nursing staff by measuring anxiety scores using the GAD-7 scale. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Bahria town international hospital Lahore. 121 nursing staff were included in the study and divided into two groups. Group A was not directly involved in managing covid-19 patients, whereas group B was directly in contact with COVID-19 patient management. Our findings indicate a significant increase in anxiety levels among the exposed group. These results suggest that healthcare administrative authorities should consider these findings better to support the psychological well-being of nursing healthcare professionals.
ASSESSMENT OF PROGRAMS TO CONTROL THE ENDEMIC DENGUE FEVER: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: PERVAIZ R , ASLAM H , SARWAR T , HAFEEZ T , RANA MA , ARIF B , RAZA S , HANIF S
Published: April 2023

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) being a contagious ailment which is ambiguous to manage, in particular, in tropical countries. Social capital is the term considered to develop the entire communities’ capability to work and coordinates mutually to resolve a communal health dilemma. The incidence of dengue fever can be vetoed and minimized by raising the self-awareness of community about the impact of that incident via social capital which are built on trust, cooperation and mutual teamwork that can facilitate to increase public understanding and awareness. Community-based dengue fever control programs have been executed in numerous countries to avert the spread of dengue fever. The echelon of triumph and efficacy of community-based dengue fever control programs rely on the capacity of community to eagerly recognize and pertain projects. The programs should be designed to increase awareness about prevention and lessen the transmission of dengue fever vectors on the individual level. A core reason was the failure to involve and activate of all the community social capital, a lack of freedom for the involvement of community, and vague strategies on related areas implicated in community-based dengue fever control program activities, in this manner, affecting their enduring sustainability and efficacy.
Effects of the Anthocyanin Compound (Cyanidin-3-glucoside) on some Histological and Physiological Parameters Related to the Heart in Male Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress
Authors: Yasser Huda , Sabour Aseel N.
Published: April 2023

The increasing incidence of heart disease due to an unhealthy diet rich in fats has encouraged the use of plant extracts, which have shown efficiency in improving body immunity and promoting human health. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside on some physiological and histological parameters related to the heart in white male rats exposed to oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide. The study included 48 adult male white rats with a weight range of 200-300 g, and an ages range of 8-12 weeks. The rats were randomly divided into six groups of eight rats per group. Group 1 was considered a negative control group supplied with water and the basal diet for 30 days. Group 2 was a positive control group in which the rats were given drinking water containing hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1%. The third group orally received cyanidin-3-glucoside at a concentration of 50 mg/kg. The fourth group received both cyanidin-3-glucoside compounds at a concentration of 70 mg/kg and drinking water containing hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1%. The fifth group was dosed orally with a cyanidin-3-glucoside only at a concentration of 50 mg/kg, and the sixth group was dosed orally with a cyanidin-3-glucoside at a concentration of 70 mg/kg. At the end of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized, then blood samples were collected from the heart directly to obtain serum for measuring the levels of troponin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK-MB). The results showed a significant increase in troponin, LDH, and CK-MB levels in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. However, there was a significant decrease in the level of these enzymes in the third and fourth groups, compared to the positive control group. The fifth and sixth groups demonstrated a significant decrease, compared to the positive control group. However, they revealed a nonsignificant difference in the levels of these parameters, compared to the negative control group. The obtained results indicated that the cyanidin-3-glucoside compound positively prevented heart muscle damage caused by oxidative stress.
Strategies for Prevention and Control of Multidrug-resistant Bacteria in Ruminants
Authors: Zeedan Gamil Sayed Gamil , Abdalhamed Abeer Mostafa , Ghazy Alaa Abdelmoneam
Published: April 2023

Antibiotics are no longer effective in treating bacterial infections due to antimicrobial drug resistance. Therefore, various alternative strategies have been developed to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The current review article aimed to shed light on strategies to prevent and control MDR bacteria in ruminants. Due to the development of new resistant bacteria, there is a need for effective treatments and prevention protocols in livestock and humans. With growing antibiotic-resistant organisms, a few antimicrobial medicines will be available to treat the infection when no new drugs are developed. This highlights the importance of looking for other strategies for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this regard, alternative strategies have been proposed to minimize antimicrobial drug overuse in ruminants. These alternative procedures include alternatives for growth promotion (such as in-feed enzymes, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and antimicrobial peptides), alternatives for disease prevention (such as vaccines, immune modulators, chicken egg yolk antibodies, farm management, and biosecurity), and alternatives for disease treatment such as plant extracts and phage-therapy to antibiotics. These alternative methods should be safe‎ and efficient without inducing microbial resistance.
Relocating a Torn Identity and Asserting the Right of the Oppressed to be Heard and Liberated in Mohja Kahf’s The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf
Authors: Abdullah Md Abu Shahid
Published: April 2023

Recently, there has been a rapid increase in the production of literary works written in English by female Arab writers who have brought more appreciation for the Arab women who are often perceived by the Western reader as exotic, eccentric and complex. The article deals with the 2006 novel The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf by Mohja Kahf, a Syrian-American poet and novelist, which presents the reader with a new borderland area occupied by young Arab-American Muslim women. The novel condemns distorted images of Muslims in America by local media and US foreign policy. The article aims to show the way the protagonist Khadra attempts to relocate an identity which has been lost between home and abroad and between a radical Islam and discerning secularism. Kahf offers the Western reader a unique portrayal of Muslim women, having developed a subjectivity of their own. The article also aims to show that by disclosing the journey—searching for the identity—of Khadra, Kahf enables her to come to terms with both her Arab and American identities where she creates a new identity for herself in order to be accepted and established in America. The new attitude of Muslim-American women resonates with the author’s assertion of the right of the oppressed to be heard and liberated.
Effect of Anxiety and Self-Efficacy on Class Performance in Arabic Language Online Class
Authors: Mei Suo Yan , Shittu Morufudeen Adeniyi , Ju Suo Yan
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to explore the effect of anxiety and self-efficacy on class performance in Arabic language online classes. This study used a quantitative research approach, and the data was collected through a survey instrument administered to 148 first-year Arabic learner students enrolled in an Arabic language online class. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics as well as a structural equation model to examine the relationship between variables. The study’s results showed that anxiety had a negative effect on class performance, while self-efficacy positively impacted class performance. Therefore, anxiety is the main contributor to Arabic online learning performance. Additionally, self-efficacy was found to have a moderating effect on the relationship between anxiety and class performance. The findings of this study suggest that anxiety and self-efficacy are important factors to consider in an online learning environment, as they can significantly impact class performance. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that educators in online learning environments implement strategies to enhance self-efficacy and reduce anxiety levels among their students.
Frequency of Iron Deficiency Anemia and Its Association with Persistent Diarrhea, Weight and Parasitic Infestation in Children, 1-2 Years of Age in Semi-Rural Area of District Sialkot, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Ranjha Abid , Ahmad Qureshi Ejaz Mahmood , Abid Ranjha Hajira , Abeer Muhammad , Ranjha Mustafa
Published: April 2023

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common health problem in Pakistan and persistent diarrhea under two years of age is one of its major reasons. Objectives: To determine the frequency of IDA among children 1-2 years of age and to find its association with persistent diarrhea and parasitic infestation. Methods: In this hospital-based study, 345 children 1-2 years of age visiting OPD of Tehsil Headquarter Hospital, with persistent diarrhea were included. Socio-demographic characteristics of children and their parents collected with the questionnaire while total body iron stores determined by checking Hemoglobin (Hb), Serum Ferritin and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) in the blood while parasitic infestation was determined by Ova and Cyst in the stool samples. Chi-square test was used to test association. Results: Out of total children, 55.9% children were bottle fed, weaning was started among 97.7% children at the age of 6 months, 44.9% had weight <8 kg, 53.0% children were anemic, had TIBC >450 µg/dl and serum ferritin level <7 ng/ml. The association of IDA with age, gender, mode of feeding, food allergies and vaccination history were significant while it was insignificant with persistent diarrhea and parasitic infestation. Conclusions: Study concluded that IDA was very frequent among children in less than 2 years of age and among contributing factors, lack of beast-feeding and diarrhea are important. Correlation was significant between IDA with age and feeding mode while association was insignificant with persistent diarrhea and parasitic infestation
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Oxygen Therapy among Health Care Professionals
Authors: Areej . , Rehman Iqra , Yousaf Ruhamah , Aslam Sonia , Naeem Usra , Waheed Muhammad Awais , Naeem Ali
Published: April 2023

Oxygen is one of the most critical component of life. Objective: To access the knowledge attitude and practice regarding oxygen therapy among health care professionals. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted using purposive sampling technique. A structured questionnaire from literature was used to collect the data. Responses of the participants as good/bad knowledge, positive/negative attitude, and good/bad practice were recorded. The data          was collected from Services Hospital Lahore of 140 healthcare professionals. The doctors, RTs, and nurses available at the workplace were included in the study. Results: The mean age and standard deviation is 27.09 ± 4.184. There were 61 males representing 43.6% of total population and there were 79 female participants which representing 56.4% of total population. There are 76 doctors which were 54.3% of population, 40 nurses which were 28.6% and 24 respiratory therapists of 17.1% of total population. Our study shows that 77.9% population had good knowledge and remaining 22.1% population had no knowledge, 82.9% population had positive attitude and remaining 17.1% population had negative attitude. And out of 140 participants, 92.9% population had good practice and remaining 7.1% population had bad practice regarding oxygen therapy. Conclusions: The study concluded that majority of the studied participant had good level of knowledge about oxygen therapy and adequate level of practice of oxygen therapy but a significant number of participants had average level of knowledge about oxygen therapy and practice of oxygen therapy. Therefore, regular training of healthcare workers should be encouraged to update their knowledge and practice of oxygen therapy.
Prevalence of Transmissible Infectious Diseases among Healthy Blood Donors in Faisalabad, Pakistan
Authors: Kashif Raza Syed , Bajwa Hassan , Javaid Hina , Anwar Rafia , Hashim Muhammad , Saleem Kamran
Published: April 2023

Blood transfusions are necessary due to the increased incidence of blood diseases and an increase in automobile accidents. In healthcare systems with limited resources, the provision of safe blood products is hampered by transfusion-transmitted diseases (TTIs), such as the hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and malaria. Objective: To determine how common TTIs are among blood donors in Faisalabad. Methods: Immuno-chromatographic technique (ICT) kits and thick film (malaria) screening were used to test donors for HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria. Results: Among 1500 donors, prevalence of HCV was highest (n=106), followed by HBV (n=42), syphilis (n=11), and malaria (n=3). One positive case was reported as HIV.  Between the ages of 21 and 40, donors who tested positive were more prevalent. Conclusions: By more carefully evaluating and screening each donor before selecting them for blood donation, safe blood transfusions can both increase recipient safety and reduce the spread of TTIs.
Frequency of Anxiety and Depression Among Medical Students During Viva Exam
Authors: Ashar Rafi Muhammad , Shahzadi Namal , Imtiaz Iqra , Fatima Mahnoor , Batool Masooda , Gul Seema , Naeem Aamer
Published: April 2023

Examinations are an integral part of medical school education and negative emotional states affect the memory, recalling and timely response of the students during the examination. Objective: To find out the frequency of anxiety and depression among medical students at the time of taking the viva examination. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students at the Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University Islamabad, Pakistan. For data collection, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory questionnaires were used. A total of 207 participants were included via inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were medical students of age 18-25 years, both males and females having viva examination at the time of data collection. Those students who were already diagnosed with psychological issues were excluded from the study. For the analysis of data SPSS version 21.0 was used. Results: 207 students participated in this research. The majority of the students 115 (56.6%) have mild anxiety levels whereas 103 (49.8%) students were having normal ups and downs that were not considered as depression. 45 (21.7%) students have mild mood disturbance. Conclusions: This study concluded that medical students face a mild level of anxiety and mood disturbance during viva exams
Frequency of Hepatitis B and C and its Risk Factors in Pregnant Women Presenting at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi
Authors: Naseeb Shazia , Rashid Shaista , Dehar Sania
Published: April 2023

Hepatitis B and C are the most common infections throughout the world. Both viral infections in pregnancy have serious implications, including increasing the risk of chronic infection, perinatal transmission, accelerated liver damage. Objective: To identify the frequency of hepatitis B and C in pregnant women as well as the risk factors that contribute to these infections. Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi from 10th July 2022 till 10th December 2022. After taking a verbal consent data were collected from 332 patients who met the diagnostic criteria. Quantitative data were presented as simple descriptive statistics using mean and standard deviation, whereas frequency and percentages were used for qualitative variables. Effect modifiers were controlled through stratification to see the effect of these on the outcome variable. chi square test was applied after stratification with p-value of ≤0.05 considered significant. Results: Mean age and gestational age was 33.41 ± 7.59 years and 38.24 ± 1.77 weeks respectively. Hepatitis B and C was found in 20.5% and 14.5% respectively. Most common risk factors are use of injections and various surgical procedure followed by blood transfusion, tattooing and multiple sexual partners is least common factors. Conclusions: The study indicated the high frequency of hepatitis B and C virus infection among pregnant women. HBV and HCV infection were associated with histories of injections, surgeries, and blood transfusions
A Relative Review of Operation Theater Environment Management
Authors: Fayyaz Maria , Sohaib Tahir Hafiz Muhammad , Muneer Bushra , Naeem Usra , Akram Fazeelat , Islam Beenish
Published: April 2023

The operation theater is a very critical area, and everything needs to be done in an ordinate manner to maintain efficacy. However, managers are needed to maintain the functionality of the OT suite. An OR manager is responsible for many things, like scheduling OT but most importantly, OT efficiency. An OR manager faces different challenges during management of an OR suite. These vary from organization to organization. The most common types of diversity found in OT are cultural diversity, religious diversity, organizational and environmental diversity, and so on. An OR manager should manage these diversities ethically and professionally to overcome an ethical dilemma. OR managers should encourage ethical behavior to improve OT efficacy and effectiveness, but change may reduce or hinder OT effectiveness due to resistance to change. Ideally, the OR manager should manage sustainability to reduce resistance to change without compromising OT efficacy or inducing socio-ethical conflicts among the OR team. For this, OR teams are managed in such a way to facilitate high-quality teamwork and promote good communication skills. However, many barriers hinder communication, which may cause misconceptions and compromise efficacy. Many tactics and strategies are used to reduce these conflicts peri-operatively and OT performance indicators are used to determine the efficiency. To increase productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness as needed while lowering personnel costs, an OR manager organizes and schedules the OT.
Frequency Of CRP Levels In Patients Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Aslam Kamran , Khan Erum , Malik Zeeshan , Ali Asfandiar , Nawaz khan Aamir , Fatima Fnu , Hyder Khan Qamer , Hasan Mohammad
Published: April 2023

Myocardial necrosis is thought to be the etiology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and elevated CRP levels in the first 12 hours after an intervention is linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular recurrence and death. Objectives: To evaluate if CRP has any predictive value in predicting cardiovascular outcomes in ACS patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre from Oct 2021 to March 2022.  117 patients of both gender aged between 40 to 80 years, presenting with chest pain were included in the study.  Data were analyzed on SPSS Version 25. Chi-square was used to compare the outcomes of both groups. The age and gender were stratified to control the effect modifiers. The p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were a total of 117 patients enrolled in this study. Among them, there were 63 (53.85%) males, and 79 (67.52%) were above 60 years of age. There were 90(76.92%) patients who had a raised CRP level, and 78 (66.67%) had a duration of ACS > 12 hours. Differences between the duration of elevated CRP and non-elevated CRP were statistically significant (p-value = 0.013). Conclusions: CRP levels may be indicative of suspected acute coronary syndrome. Physicians can identify such patients and provide them with more intensive health care and cardiac management. Resources are scarce in the developing world. Having such tools that are more economical can help with the diagnosis and provide better care.
Prevalence of Post Recovery Symptoms among Recovered Cases of COVID-19 in Pakistan
Authors: Kamran Khan Kashif , Shahzadi Amber
Published: April 2023

COVID-19 has taken the world by surprise in terms of healthcare readiness and impact on daily life. Existing literature regarding the patient's health status following COVID-19 infection is scant. Objective: To analyze the current status of post-recovery symptoms among COVID-19 recovered patients in Pakistan. Methods: It is a descriptive web-based cross-sectional study. Data were gathered by using a Google form by sharing anonymous online questionnaire, comprised of both open and close ended questions. Then interpreted, and presented using tables and graphs using descriptive statistics through IBM SPSS 26.  Results: Shortness of breath (27%) followed by fatigue (23.5%) seen to be more common symptoms still prevailing in the population. 69.2% of the population had no evidence of comorbidity but are still experiencing post COVID symptoms. Few cases reported experiencing insomnia and tooth sensitivity - 11% and 12% respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that COVID-19 patients should be worried about their health even after they get better. A thorough analysis should be done to improve the health of people who have gotten better but are still dealing with long-term problems. Even though it's a new virus and research is still being done, it needs to be treated with care.
Narcissism and Selfitis Disorder Features among Young Adults: Body Dysmorphic Disorder as Mediator
Authors: Aroosa . , Bibi Humaira , Naz Summaira , Afsar Faria Khan
Published: April 2023

Nowadays young generations are involved in such activities which abolish their life seriously. In today’s world everyone wants to look flawless and wants to be praised. Objective: To investigate the mediating effect of body dysmorphic disorder on narcissism and selfitis disorder among young adults. Methods: The sample size for the present study was 400 young adults. Convenient sampling technique was used for screening of young adults on Body Image Concern Inventory and further data were collected on Selfitis Behavior Scale and Narcissistic Personality Inventory from screened sample. Inclusion criteria included all the young adults aged between 20 to 35 and have body dysmorphic disorder. Results: Narcissism had significant positive correlation with features of both selfitis disorder and body dysmorphic disorder. Age of persons had significant negative correlation with narcissism, selfitis disorder and features of body dysmorphic disorder. Outcomes revealed that both selfitis disorder and narcissism are greater in males, while features of body dysmorphic disorder are greater in females as compared to males. Conclusions: This study will be beneficial for professionals (sociologists and social workers) for creating awareness in young generation about flaws or defects in the physical appearance should not be considered as life frightening conditions and they should appreciate themselves as they are.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain Among Nursing Interns in Jinnah Hospital Lahore
Authors: Sharif Sumaira , Sarwar Hajra
Published: April 2023

Musculoskeletal pain seeks high importance due to its occurrence among the people of any profession. Objectives: To find the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and its associated work-related factors among nursing interns in a teaching public hospital of Lahore. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study design was used. Study setting for this research was Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Study population was comprised on all nursing interns working in Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Cluster sampling technique was used to collect the data. Results: The study's findings showed majority of nursing interns were between the ages of 20 and 22, accounting for 51% of them. About 125 respondents were married with percentage of 68.5%. More Half of the population (57.4%) is experiencing pain in the neck and shoulder regions. About two third populations of interest is experiencing pain or discomfort in lower back. Approximately half of the population (48.9%) is experiencing ankle and feet pain symptoms. Conclusion: The study concluded that musculoskeletal discomfort is highly common among nursing interns. Several additional body parts are frequently impacted in addition to the lower back
Emotional Recognition of Children With Down Syndrome and Normally Developing Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khalid Sahrish , Noreen Hafsa , Yaqoob Saba , Malik Shumaila , Irum Aleena , Iqra .
Published: April 2023

Psychologists have tried to explain emotions since centuries ago they have tried to identify different types of emotions. Emotions are basically mental experiences that can lead to pleasant or unpleasant moods. Emotions influence our perception and social communication. For Down Syndrome being social can also be determined by emotional recognition. It plays an important role for social interaction which is recognized by emotions and helps them to regulate it for social interaction. Basic emotions which are included in this study are happiness, sadness, and aggressive facial expressions. Objective: To determine the level of emotional regulation through emotional recognition by facial expressions in down syndrome compared to normally developing children. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study. Emotional Recognition Questionnaire Version 7-6/2012 was used. Data on children with down syndrome were collected from special education centres of Lahore and data on normally developing children was collected from the private schools by using standardized tools. The total sample size was 384 calculated by using an online calculator. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: The results showed that people with down syndrome were good at identifying emotions of happiness, sadness, anger, and worry when compared with normally developing children. Their ability to recognize facial expressions helps down syndrome children for socialization. Conclusions: It was concluded that children with down syndrome can recognize and regulate emotions and  emotion of happiness is more easily recognized than the other emotions when it was compared to normally developing children.
Computed Tomography in Diagnosis of Lesions of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Kailash . , Komal . , Muir Sohbia , Hameed Marya , Mahar Sumera , Ghias Khan Zeeshan
Published: April 2023

Pulmonary tuberculosis (MTB) is dangerous bacterial infection primarily affecting lungs and is capable of infecting everyone exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AFB and CXR are useful preliminary investigative tools, but CT scan are invaluable diagnostic tool for establishing a diagnosis and monitoring disease activity. Objectives: To diagnose the lesions of PTB and assess the CT scan findings in AFB-positive patients. Methods: The AFB-positive patients were examined using CT scan to reveal their mediastinal and pulmonary pathological conditions and activities and disease propagation using imaging technology of CT scan. In cases of PTB with lymphadenopathy, 50cc of non-ionic contrast was administered intravenously to examine the low attenuation area. Results: The findings of CT scan regarding micronodules, nodular masses and other foci and lymphadenopathy were scrutinized, and major diagnostic CT scan findings were Centrilobular nodules (97.40%), Parenchymal nodules (84.43%), Paratracheal and mediastinal lymphadenopathy (74.85%), air space consolidation and paucity (62.07%), Pulmonary calcification (31.73%), Pleural effusion (29.34%) and Bronchiectasis (12.77%). Conclusions: CT scan is the most sensitive and accurate tool for diagnosis confirmation and disease activity evaluation. In addition, it details the abnormalities and prognosis of organ deformity in PTB patients.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Leucocyte Esterase Dipstick Test for The Diagnosis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Din Qiam Ud , Rehman Zia Ur , Adnan . , Aman Ayisha , Ullah Farman , Rehman Saeed Ur
Published: April 2023

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), which has a high fatality rate if antibiotics are not given promptly, is one of the most serious side effects of nephrotic syndrome and ascites. Therefore, it is essential for survival to diagnose and treat SBP early. A quick dipstick test for leukocyte esterase can identify the SBP. Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy in detection of SBP using leucocyte esterase dipstick test in children with nephrotic syndrome taking ascitic fluid neutrophil count as gold standard. Methods: A Cross Sectional Study was carried out Khyber teaching hospital and LRH Peshawar Pakistan. This research covered patients of either gender with nephrotic syndrome and ascites. On admission, diagnostic paracentesis was performed. The ascitic fluid collected at the bedside was examined immediately using a reagent strip. The PMN cell count in ascitic fluid was then determined. A positive +3 result on a leukocyte esterase dipstick was declared positive for SBP while absolute neutrophil count more than 250 cells per mm3 was considered confirmatory. Results: A total of 107 patients were enrolled. Age of the patients ranged from 4 to 14 years. Mean age of the patients was 6.68 ± 1.239 years. Male to female ratio was 1.7: 1. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of leucocyte esterase dipstick test were 86.4%, 92.0%, 73.1% and 96.4% respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that reagent strips are quick, practical, and low-cost diagnostics with good sensitivity and specificity for identifying SBP in children with nephrotic syndrome
Challenges Faced by Speech Language Pathologists as Entrepreneurs: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Jamali Elaha , Kiyani Humaira Shamim
Published: April 2023

Speech language pathology is a new profession in Pakistan. With cultural & linguistic variations, SLP entrepreneurship in Pakistan needs to be augmented to reach the needy as well as economic growth of the country, hence challenges need to be identified. Objectives: To determine the challenges faced by Speech Language Pathologists in becoming entrepreneur.  Methods: This qualitative exploratory study was conducted at Riphah International University, Islamabad from April 2019 to Sept. 2019. Study recruited N=15 speech language pathologists of both genders, aged 25-50 years, running their own private clinics using purposive sampling. Individual interviews were conducted using interview guide with 11 structured interview questions. Audio recording and note taking methods were used for data collection. Data was transcribed and thematic analysis done manually & verified. Results: Study with a sample of N=15 Speech Language Pathologists mostly 11(73.33%) highly qualified females with most 14(93.33%) with master’s degree & 10(66.67%) with < 10 years’ experience came up with an array of rich data.  Thematic analysis revealed the outcome themes in descending order with a frequency 45 for Infrastructure, 32 for Professionalism, 27 for Recruit, 26 for Inclination, 23 for Unity, 22 for Legislation, 21 for Self-regulation, 20 for Wealth, 17 for Determination, 11 for Optimism & Matriarchy each, 10 for Expertise, 8 for Customers, 8 for Obstacles and 2 for Ethics. Conclusion: The five most common and eminent issues/ themes faced by Speech therapists as an entrepreneur in descending order of their frequency include infrastructure, professionalism, recruit, inclination, & unity.
Frequency of Non-Specific Low Back Pain Among School Going Adolescents in Peshawar
Authors: Rahman Naeem Ur , Ullah Qasid , Ullah Naeem , Ahmad Mujahid
Published: April 2023

Nonspecific low back pain is a state which is characterized by discomfort and inflexibility in the lumbo-sacral area without any underlying pathology. NSLBP is taken as non-specific when any mechanical and structural impairment cause is excluded. Initial symptom starts when a person is in the phase of adolescence and further continuous. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of non-specific low back pain in school going adolescents. Methods: Cross sectional study design was used. Total 202 samples were taken through consecutive sampling technique. Study duration was six months. The study setting was different private schools of Hayatabad Peshawar. Students of age 10- to 19-year-old were included in the study. The results were analyzed by using SPSS version 23. Results were shown in the form of tables and graphs. Results: According to the results 108 (53.5%) students reported to have NSLBP. Total 202 subjects were added in study, in which 150 were males and 52 were females. Total 106 participants were between the ages of 10 to 15 years. The remaining 96 students were between the ages of 15 to 19 years. According to Wong-bakers faces pain rating scale 84 participants reported to have non-specific low back pain while 64 participants reported pain for 12 to 24 hours. Students from frontier student’s academy reported to have repeated NSLBP. Conclusion: Nonspecific low back pain is a familiar condition that occurs in school going children and adolescents. Due to heavy back packs, poor posture and prolong setting