bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Structurization of Local Concentration of Reactants in Spatially Inhomogeneous Solutions
Authors: Kipriyanov Alexey , Kadetov Aleksandr , Doktorov Aleksandr
Published: December 2021

A two-component spatially inhomogeneous solution of reactants placed in a homogeneous continual solvent is considered. To describe it, we use the kinetic equations earlier derived by the authors for negligibly weak chemical reaction. The solution of the equations has made it possible to study the phenomenon of spatial structurization due to the encounters of reactants of different kinds. Numerical evaluation of the characteristic times of the observed effect is given.
Modeling Methods Comparative Analysis of the Particles Transport in the Inhomogeneous Medium
Authors: Brednikhin Sergey , Usov Eduard , Lezhnin Sergey
Published: December 2021

Different ways for calculation critical parameters of homogeneous ball are considered in this article. Processes of elastic dispersion and multiplication can take place in this ball. Comparative analysis of different numerical calculation is made. Calculations of different characteristics are obtained from solving transport equation in diffusion approach and from Monte Carlo method. There is comparison between obtained results, analytical calculations and experimental data. Newness of algorithm consists in direct simulation of branching process distribution in nonhomogeneous medium. Offered algorithm allows calculating different physical values and its evolution in time. Calculation was made for systems which have free path more or equal than scale of heterogeneities.
The Role of Empathy in Justice Sensitivity
Authors: Polito Isabella
Published: December 2021

What role does empathy play in moral decision-making? The present study examined the relationship between several empathy measures and empathy's role in a person's justice sensitivity.
Electronic Stethoscope Design
Authors: Selek Mustafa Berkant , Duyar Mert Can , Isler Yalcin
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, despite the developing technology lots of patients lost their lives because of wrong and late diagnosis. With early diagnosis, most diseases and negative effects of the diseases for the patient can be prevented. Early diagnosis can also prevent cardiological diseases. Although auscultation of the chest with a stethoscope is an effective and basic method, a stethoscope isn't enough for the diagnosis of some diseases. One example of these diseases is heart valve malfunctions when the valves do not work as desired heart murmurs occur. The main goal of this project is to develop an electronic stethoscope and observing obtained signals as a graphic. The main difficulty while auscultation of chest with a stethoscope is, this procedure needs lots of experience and also even tough physician have enough experience, it's very hard to diagnose grade 1 and 2 heart murmurs. Furthermore, while auscultation tachycardia patients, generally it's very hard to decide where the first heart (S1) sound and second heart sound (S2) begins. In this project, it is planned to demonstrate heart sounds as a graphic. This method provides physicians to diagnose all kinds of chest sounds easily even the sounds which they cannot diagnose or recognize with their ears by stethoscope. Moreover, as the chest sounds are obtained as digital data, these data can be sent as desired. When a physician needs to get someone else's idea, these recordings can be sent to another professional.
Arduino Based Probe Bag Alert System Design
Authors: Selek Mustafa Berkant , Uzal Vahit Arda , Isler Yalcin
Published: December 2021

Today, many patients are treated in hospital or at home. It was determined that only 74% of the patients in 2014 Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital used probe bags. Probe bags are frequently used, very simple to use but also a critical bag. In cases where it is not emptied in time, it can cause infection in patients, and in case of explosion, it can sink around. The infections they cause seriously affect human life. For this reason, it was aimed to develop an Arduino microprocessor based system that would measure the bag's fullness and give a warning. With the help of flex sensors in the project, measurements will be taken from certain parts of the bag and the system will decide which of these is correct. Different warnings will be given at certain occupancy levels with the algorithm aimed to be created within the system. With this study, it was aimed to prevent various infectious diseases, to increase the quality of life of the patient and to reduce the burden on healthcare professionals. According to the results, the studies are promising.
Development of a Robot Manipulator Design for Brain Surgery
Authors: Guzin Didem , Gezgin Erkin
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, most of the brain surgery operations are carried out by utilizing classical surgery methodologies and equipment. Although related literature includes studies on the robotization of brain surgery systems by the help of technological advancements, these applications mostly focused on the integration of robot manipulators that are designed for industrial automation into the medical area. Thus it can be clearly seen that, there exist lack of robot manipulators that are specifically designed for brain surgery applications, have necessary precision requirements and workspace constraints. In light of this, evaluating its preprototype performance, current study focuses on the improvement of a spherical parallel manipulator structure that was designed for positioning in robotic brain biopsy by taking operation efficiency, system reliability, workspace constraints and ease of manufacturing into consideration.
Work Accidents and Occupational Diseases Cluster Analysis with respect to the classification of the provinces in Turkey
Authors: GENCER Gülcan , GENCER Kerem
Published: December 2021

Clustering analysis is a multivariate statistical method used to determine whether a data set contains different groups, and if so, to identify these groups. The clusters that can be obtained as a result of cluster analysis are expected to be as similar within themselves and as different among themselves. Clustering analysis is a method used in almost all scientific fields. It is a method that is used more extensively in science fields such as Medicine, Biology, Psychology, Sociology, Archeology where uncertainty conditions and complex formations exist. In this study, it has been tried to determine the provincial groups that show the same structures with the variables of 81 related to 19 occupational accidents and occupational diseases. 81 provinces have been clustered according to occupational accidents and diseases by using the data of 2019, the year the Social Security Institution (SSI) published it. As a result of the analysis, the provinces with the best and worst conditions in terms of occupational accidents and diseases were revealed. It is aimed to clearly demonstrate the necessity of examining the source of the risk by determining the provinces with high risk in terms of work accidents and occupational diseases.
Interculturalidad y TIC en los posgrados de educación en el Ecuador
Authors: Tubay Fanny
Published: December 2021

La investigación ha destacado la necesidad de abordar la compleja realidad de las sociedades culturalmente diversas, y la importancia que para ello tiene entrelazar multiplicidad de saberes y necesidades de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Ante este reto, los posgrados en educación constituyen un ámbito de gran relevancia donde poner en valor una perspectiva interdisciplinar, en especial relacionando el enfoque intercultural y las tecnologías educativas. El presente estudio analiza 18 programas de posgrado en Ecuador con el fin de visibilizar en qué medida responden a este planteamiento. La investigación, de corte cualitativa, por un lado, selecciona los posgrados avalados por el órgano rector de la educación superior en el país y en vigencia. Y por otro, acude al análisis documental para revisar presupuestos teóricos en contraste con los diseños de la oferta seleccionada. Los resultados sugieren que en su mayoría la oferta de posgrados integra elementos para promover un diálogo de respeto, equidad y justicia social, en lo que podríamos considerar un cambio de paradigma. A pesar de ello, los resultados también visibilizan vacíos curriculares, que convierten lo intercultural y lo digital en meros elementos discursivos en lugar de componentes emergentes y transversales para la educación.
La alfabetización mediática e informacional: injerencia y perspectiva en América Latina. Entrevista con Guillermo Orozco, investigador en comunicación
Authors: Gonzalez-Carrion Erika Lucia
Published: December 2021

Guillermo Orozco es un reconocido académico mexicano, Doctor en Educación por la Universidad de Harvard, miembro emérito del Sistema Nacional de Investigaciones y coordinador de la Cátedra de Alfabetización Mediática Informacional y Diálogo Intercultural (Universidad de Guadalajara y UNESCO-UNAOC (United Nations Alliance of Civilizations). Ha desarrollado estudios de recepción y alfabetización audiovisual, enfocándose en la producción, mediación y las estrategias pedagógicas de intervención con los medios, especialmente la televisión. Sus aportaciones son una referencia para los profesionales de la comunicación y educación en América Latina. Es autor y coautor de numerosos libros, entre los que destacan: Televisión y producción de significados (1994), Audiencias, Televisión y Educación (2001), Recepción y mediaciones (2002), La televisión de proximidad en el entorno transmedia (2017), etc.
Notice of adjustment of the annual fee for perpetual usufruct of real property
Authors: Kaszubowski Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

The title to perpetual usufruct is regulated under Articles 232 to 243 of the Civil Code and in the Act of 21 August 1997 on Real Property Management. One of the characteristic features of this right is the obligation, on the part of the perpetual usufructuary, to pay an annual fee. The Act on Real Property Management prescribes that this fee may be updated by the competent public administration body acting on behalf of the real property owner. An analysis of provisions regulating the proceedings initiated by the filing of the notice of adjustment of the existing fee leads to the conclusion that the regulation in question is neither precise, nor clear. An additional difficulty lies in non-specification of legal consequences for a defective adjustment of the existing fee. This article puts forward a proposal for a solution to the most important practical difficulties associated with adjustment of the existing annual fee for perpetual usufruct.
Connection of Lands, Buildings and Structures with Business Activity - Direction Of Interpretation Changes
Authors: Olczyk Adam
Published: December 2021

The article presents the interpretation of the regulation of Polish Real Estate Tax resulting from the judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 24 February 2021, SK 39/19. In this judgment the Constitutional Tribunal questioned the current interpretation of the connection of land, building or structure with conducting business activity. The author describes necessary changes in interpretation of the regulation, which results from this ruling. The article explains who is affected by the new understanding of the regulation and what is the relationship of the new interpretation with the suspension of business activity. The major part of the considerations is devoted to the effects of the Constitutional Tribunal's judgment in relation to restrictions implemented on the conduct of economic activity in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. The author presents the position according to which subjects who could not conduct economic activity by the regulation should not pay for this period the higher rate of property tax provided for real estate owned by entrepreneurs.
Hvordan fremme studentaktivitet og engasjement for læring? En designbasert studie av omvendt undervisning og videorefleksjoner i lærerutdanningen
Authors: Stenseth Tonje
Published: December 2021

Denne artikkelen utforsker bruken av et spesifikt pedagogisk læringsdesign, omvendt undervisning, i en campussamling i det femte og siste året i grunnskolelærerutdan­ningen. Hensikten med å ta i bruk omvendt undervisning var å fremme studentsentrerte læringsomgivelser gjennom å «snu» undervisningen; studentene tilegnet seg et utvalgt fagstoff ved hjelp av ulike forberedelser hjemme før de kom til campus hvor de inngikk i aktive læringsfellesskap med medstudenter og faglærer. En etablert utfordring med omvendt undervisning i høyere utdanning har riktignok vært at studentene ikke gjen­nomfører de forberedende aktivitetene før de møter til campussamling. Artikkelen legger derfor særlig vekt på sammensetningen av føraktivitetene, der bruk av video­refleksjoner har vært et integrerende og ansvarliggjørende element i studentenes forberedelser. Gjennom en tematisk analyse av innholdet i videorefleksjonene samt studentenes evalueringer av den omvendte undervisningen viser studien at studentene gjennomgående rapporterer et høyere læringsutbytte, og at de oppfatter seg som bedre forberedt, sammenlignet med tradisjonelle, lærersentrerte forelesninger. Muligheten for å samarbeide og lære av medstudenter blir av deltakerne i studien vurdert som særlige fordeler ved omvendt undervisning. En overordnet implikasjon av disse funnene kan være hvordan omvendt undervisning og videorefleksjoner kan benyttes for å øke studentenes engasjement i eget læringsarbeid. Studien bidrar i tillegg med mer spesifikk kunnskap om hvordan videorefleksjoner kan benyttes med en ansvarliggjørende og integrerende funksjon i føraktivitetene i den omvendte undervisningen.
Marine recreational fishing at Phuket, Thailand
Authors:   School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri, USA, MORGAN Mark , PAGDEE Adcharaporn ,   Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, McCARTY Jennifer ,   School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri, USA
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Recreational fishing can produce visitor satisfaction and generate revenue at some global resorts. Yet, government officials seem reluctant to promote angling on tourism websites. Perhaps this is due to a weak linkage with ecotourism, a term often used by developing countries for attracting international visitors to nature-based settings. To learn about fishing experiences in Phuket, Thailand, this study analyzed 100 angler reviews posted on TripAdvisor, a popular source of user-generated content. Reviews consisted of positive (n=878) and negative (n=237) comments. Promotion of fishing tourism requires a multibenefit approach, more than simply catching fish. Billfish anglers are a promising target market since these ecotourists practice catch-and-release fishing, thus aligning visitor experiences and sustainability with economics.
Good Practices and Sustainable Tourism of Marginal Mountain Areas. The Case of Wine Cannonau in Mamoiada, Sardinia – Italy
Authors:   University of Sassary, Departament of Humanities and Social Sciences, Via Roma, 151, Sassari, Italy, CARBONI Donatella , MAZZA Giampietro ,   University of Sassary, Departament of Humanities and Social Sciences, Via Roma, 151, Sassari, Italy, ANDRA Marius , ANDRA-TOPÂRCEANU Andreea ,   University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, Av. N. Bălcescu, 1, Bucharest, Romania
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Mountain regions have been modified by human activity for centuries, which lead to more or less of significant changes in their ecosystems and consequently in landscapes. Some of these changes have been generated by traditional farming practices, such as the viticulture, giving distinctive shapes and identities of the space. Even if in many areas, the farming traditions have been abandoned as the consequences of technological progress applied in agriculture, Sardinia is a good example of vineyards cultural heritage preservation. Thus, linking this cultural heritage to the wine tourism, and promoting good practices at local initiatives, Sardinia limited the depopulation of the mountain areas. A very successful example of the increasing of positive tourism impact on territory planning, over the past few years, is the municipality of Mamoiada, in central Sardinia. The paper highlights the role of the using of environmental, cultural and identity tourist resources of Sardinian territory as far as they are part of good practices and furthermore, they could be the basis of sustainable development strategy. Moreover, the aim of our work is to investigate how the cultural, identity, landscape and socio-economic impact on the wine sector plays an important role for the rural community of Mamoiada.
CONTINUOUS TUNING OF SHIP PROPULSION SYSTEM BY MEANS OF PNEUMATIC TUNER OF TORSIONAL OSCILLATION
Authors: Homišin J , Kaššay P , Puškár M , Grega R , Krajňák J , Urbanský M , Moravič M
Published: December 2021

Mechanical system drives consist of driving machines and gearing mechanisms interconnected by shafts and couplings. In terms of dynamics it is possible to say that every driving mechanism is able to oscillate. Especially piston devices can create excessive torsional oscillation, vibrations, as well as noise. Important task of a designer is to reduce torsional oscillation in mechanical systems. Presently this problem is mainly solved by the flexible shaft couplings that are selected with regard to the dynamic properties of the given system. It means that every torsional oscillating mechanical system needs to be suitably tuned. The aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of controlling of dangerous torsional oscillations of the mechanical systems by the means of new method, i.e. its optimal tuning by means of the pneumatic coupling with self-regulation, which were developed by us.
HYBRID COMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR THE PURPOSE OF MARITIME APPLICA TIONS
Authors: Bronk K , Lipka A , Niski R , Wereszko B , Wereszko K
Published: December 2021

The article presents the concept of the hybrid communication system for the purpose of maritime applications. The main idea of this system is that it will utilize the seamless roaming concept, which means the communication link at sea will be established automatically (and seamlessly for the user), using many possible communication techniques (cellular, LTE, Wi-Fi, VDES, etc.) which will be selected depending on the current conditions of the radio channel and the requirements and preferences of the user. The paper will introduce the general architecture of the system, the concept of the maritime cloud and the seamless roaming, including the way the latter will be implemented in the system. The authors will also briefly introduce the proposed test-bed of the system’s on-board device. The system presented in the article is one of the major topics of the EfficienSea 2 project (co-funded from the ‘Horizon 2020’ programme) in which the authors of the paper participate.
MODEL- AND FULL-SCALE RANS SIMULATIONS FOR A DRIFT TANKER
Authors: Yao J
Published: December 2021

The flow around a full-scale (FS) ship can be simulated by means of Reynolds-Averaged Naiver-Stokes (RANS) method, which provides a way to obtain more knowledge about scale effects on ship hydrodynamics. In this work, the viscous flow around a static drift tanker in full scale is simulated by using the RANS solver based on the open source platform OpenFOAM. The k - w SST model is employed to approximate the eddy viscosity. To reduce computational time, wall function approach is applied for the FS simulation. The flow around the ship in model scale is simulated as well, but without using any wall function, i.e., using Low-Reynolds number mode. In order to verify the computations, de- tailed studies on the computational grid including investigation of the sensitivity of computed forces to y+ (dimension- less distance of first grid point to wall) and grid dependency study are carried out. The computed forces are compared with available measured data. The scale effects are analysed and discussed by comparisons.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECTS OF REDUCED VERTICAL CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF AN ARTICULATED CONCRETE MATTRESS IN CURRENT FLOW
Authors: Neville A , McLaren R , Weber J , Chin C , Binns J , Taylor A
Published: December 2021

An articulated concrete mattress model has been utilised to investigate the effects of reduced vertical centre of gravity on the stability of a 400 series block. Experimental testing was conducted at the AMC CWC, Beauty Point. To determine the effects that a reduced centre of gravity has on stability, the 3 by 3 articulated concrete mattress model was subject to pure uniform current flow. The subsequent forces were analysed with a six degree of freedom underwater force sensor. In order to gain a range of real world scenarios, the experimental model was tested at six flow angles ranging from -15 degrees through to 60 degrees, at 15 degree increments. Additionally, five fluid velocities starting at 0.6 m/s through to 1.4 m/s, at 0.2 m/s increments were investigated. These results explain how the inversion of a 400 series block increases its hydrodynamic coefficients and subsequently decreases its stability performance in current flow. Ultimately, this study provides experimental information for the installation of 400 series articulated concrete mattresses in the inverted orientation.
CHOOSING THE STYLE OF A NEW DESIGN - THE KEY SHIP DESIGN DECISION
Authors: Andrews D
Published: December 2021

As a former senior designer of naval vessels and, more recently, a leading researcher in ship design, the author has previously presented a description of the ship design process in terms of the important decisions a ship designer makes in concept exploration. Such decision are made consciously or unconsciously in order to produce a new design or, preferably, any design option. It has been contended in many publications that the first real decision that a ship designer makes, in order to proceed, is the selection of the “style” of the design study or of a specific design option. This term was adopted in order to cover, not just a host of design issues and standards implicit in a given study, but also, at this very initial step, the overall characteristics of any particular study. So the term style could be said to be doubly important.

The current paper considers the nature of the early ship design process for complex multi-functional vessels and then retraces the origins of the particular use of the term, where it was seen as the last of the five elements in Brown and Andrews’ 1980 encapsulation of the ship design issues that matter to the naval architect, incorporated in the term “S to the 5th”. This leads on to consideration of the various aspects of design style, many of which could be considered “transversals” as they apply across the naval architectural sub-disciplines and to the component material sub-systems comprising a ship. One of the distinctive advantages of the architecturally driven ship synthesis or Design Building Block approach is that it can address many of these style issues in the earliest descriptions of an emergent design study. Examples, drawing on a range of built Royal Navy ship designs, are presented to show their top-level style characteristics, followed by a series of ship design research studies illustrating how the impact of specific component style aspects can be investigated in early stage ship design, using the UCL Design Building Block approach. Finally, recent research led investigations into integrating ship style into early stage ship design are summarized to demonstrate why the choice of “style” is seen to be The Key Ship Design Decision.
PRESSURE-IMPULSE DIAGRAM OF THE FLNG TANKS UNDER SLOSHING LOADS
Authors: Lee S E , Paik J K
Published: December 2021

Sloshing impact loads can cause severe structural damage to cargo tanks in liquefied natural gas floating production storage offloading units (LNG-FPSOs or FLNGs). Studies of sloshing can be classified into two types, namely, hydrodynamics-related and structural mechanics-related studies. This study is a sequel to the authors’ previous studies (Paik et al. 2015; Lee et al. 2015), but is more related to issues of structural mechanics. In this study, a new method for probabilistic sloshing assessment, which has been previously developed by the authors, is briefly explained. The nonlinear impact structural response characteristics under sloshing impact loads are examined by a nonlinear finite element ANSYS/LS-DYNA method. An iso-damage curve, representing a pressure-impulse diagram, is derived for the self-supporting prismatic-shape IMO B type LNG cargo containment system of a hypothetical FLNG. The insights developed from this work can be useful for the damage-tolerant design of cargo tanks in FLNGs.
District Heating and Cooling Systems
Authors: De la Cruz Iván , E. Ugalde-Loo Carlos
Published: December 2021

Decarbonisation of the energy sector is a crucial ambition towards meeting net-zero targets and achieving climate change mitigation. Heating and cooling accounts for over a third of UK greenhouse emissions and, thus, decarbonisation of this sector has attracted significant attention from a range of stakeholders, including energy system operators, manufacturers, research institutions and policy makers. Particularly, the role of district heating and cooling (DHC) systems will be critical, as these two energy vectors are central to our lives not only for comfort and daily activities, but also to facilitate productive workplaces and to run a variety of industrial processes. The optimal operation of DHC systems and the design of efficient strategies to produce heat and cold, store thermal energy, and meet heating and cooling demands, together with an increased integration of low carbon technologies and local renewable energy sources, are vital to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions alike. This chapter reviews relevant aspects of DHC systems, their main elements, automatic control systems and optimal management.
REGIONAL FEATURES OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND DIFFERENTIATION OF DIRECTIONS OF INNOVATION POLICY OF RUSSIA
Authors: DUBOVITSKI Alexander , Klimentova Elvira , Rogov Matvei
Published: December 2021

In our manuscript we have made an attempt to study specific sides of Russian Federation’s innovative development, analyze its impact in economy growth and provide main ways of innovative policy realization in different types of regions. The method is based on partial abstraction from the unique properties of each region, thereby uniting them into homogeneous groups using k-means method. Further analysis of the determination of the main factor at the level of country was carried out using decision trees functions with the subsequent collection of OOB errors. Group analysis was carried out using regression analysis. As a result, the authors obtained five types of regions (with a high, above average, average, below average, low level of innovative development), provided an individual characteristic for each group regarding the innovation development and identified prerogative innovative factors that can be considered by the state as a criterion for differentiating state policy and regulation of the development of innovation policy.
Online child sexual exploitation material: A comparison from police data on men charged with child sexual exploitation material exclusively and men charged with contact child sexual abuse exclusively
Authors: Nicol Samuel J. , Harris Danielle A. , Kebbell Mark R. , Ogilvie James
Published: December 2021

We do not know whether men who access Child Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM) are contact child-sex offenders using technology - or a new and different type of child sex offender. This study compares men who were charged with Contact Child Sexual Abuse (CCSA) (n = 95) exclusively, and men who were charged with offences involving online CSEM (n = 99) exclusively. This is the first study of its kind in Australia, the first to divide participants into mutually exclusive offending type groups and to do this using police data. Logistic regression results indicated that CSEM offenders were significantly more likely to be older, more likely to be employed, have fewer criminal charges and supervision violations compared to CCSA offenders. The findings further highlighted the heterogeneity of those charged with child sexual offences based on offence typology. The identification of demographic, lifestyle and interpersonal characteristic differences between online CSEM and CCSA offenders’ questions the use of uniform approaches to community supervision and treatment protocols. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of an increased volume of people charged with CSEM offences.
Behavior Analysis of Legislators in Health Planning in South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Indar Indar , Arifin Muhammad Alwy , Nurhayani Nurhayani , Mallongi Anwar
Published: December 2021

Health is political because its social determinants are easily accepted in political intervention. Therefore, the health system of a region mandates that health development will take place well if it is supported by good and targeted planning. The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior of legislators in planning health services in South Sulawesi Province. The research was conducted in the DPRD of Makassar City and Bantaeng Regency. This type of research is a qualitative research. Data was collected using in-depth interviews, observation and document review. Data processing was carried out using triangulation and content analysis methods. The results showed that based on indicators of knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and actions of legislators were in the poor category. In addition, it was known that there was an interest from legislators in terms of health planning, but this interest was indirectly in the interest of improving public health status.
The Authorities of Province and District Governments Regarding Spatial Planning in Aceh
Authors: Arnita Arnita , Rani Faisal A. , Ismail Ilyas , Efendi Efendi
Published: December 2021

Article 7 of the Law Number 11, 2006 on Aceh Governance states that the Aceh Province and districts or municipalities Governments have the authority to regulate and manage government affairs in all public sectors except for government affairs which are under the authority of the Government. It is further stated that the central authority includes government affairs of national issues that are foreign policy, defense, security, judiciary, monetary and fiscal matters, and certain affairs in the field of religion. It can be concluded that the Job Creation Act in its approach contradicts the principle of autonomy because the regulation is centralized.
Whisky eller tonic? Narrativ eksistensteologi
Authors: Brorson Mikael
Published: December 2021

At least since Svend Bjerg’s doctoral dissertation, narrative and existentialist theology has, in a Danish context, been considered to be fundamentally opposed to each other. The main goal of the present article is to question this dichotomy. The theoretical foundation for this is an evaluation of the strength of Bjerg’s critique of Rudolf Bultmann and his program of demythologization. This is succeeded by a new interpretation of Johannes Sløk’s authorship focusing on the category of ‘proclamation’, which points to the practical possibility of formulating a narrative existentialist theology, utilizing insights from both theological traditions.
New Model for the COVID-19 Reported Cases and Deaths of Ghana in Accelerated Spread and Prediction of the Delayed Phase
Authors: Senyefia Bosson-Amedenu , Joseph Acquah , Cynthia Nyarko Christiana , Eunice Osei Asibey , Theodore Oduro Okyireh , Otoo Joseph , Emmanuel Teku , Briki Khaoula , Gifty Okanta Dade , Ouerfelli Noureddine
Published: December 2021

There is an ongoing investigation on the transmission characteristics of COVID-19 with respect to country-based inflection points, nature of distribution and prediction of future trends. In this study, a new accelerated and delayed spread models for COVID-19 reported cases and deaths in Ghana were developed. Optimization techniques coupled with interpolations, least square and non-linear regression methods, to come out with an informed modeling strategy to predict the delayed spread for the case of Ghana were adopted. Derivative and tangent methods were also applied to determine inflection points for Ghana’s cases and death from COVID-19. The data used for the study covered the first 250 days of events and interventions of the pandemic in Ghana. It was realized that the distribution of the COVID-19 situation in Ghana followed an exponential distribution curve. A modification of the developed model to help optimize the error between observed and estimated values yielded an improvement in the prediction of the delayed phase. Our derived parameters revealed that transmission of the virus between phases depended on changes in the precautionary measures and peoples' behaviors. The study thus shows that Ghana passed her inflection point of reported cases on Sunday 19th July, 2020 and may currently be in the delayed phase characterized with a staggering trend where new infections similar in magnitude to previous infections may upsurge. The correlation between reported cases and deaths revealed linear dependence with positive deviation between accelerated and delayed phases. In conclusion, the study predicted the commencement of a new wave in Ghana after Wednesday October 28, 2020 with higher intensity than what was previously observed if timely impositions of interventions to minimize the effect of the second wave are not taken.
Fatal Fulminant Hepatic Failure in a Case of Zinc Phosphide Poisoning: A Case Report
Authors: Annadatha Akhilesh , Acharya Sourya , Talwar Dhruv , Kumar Sunil , Varma Anuj
Published: December 2021

Rodenticide is the term given for the compounds that are used in the killing of rats. The commonest compounds that are available as rodenticides are Aluminum phosphide, Zinc Phosphide, Yellow Phosphorus and Coumarins. Due to their easy availability in the general stores, these also have been used as a source of inflicting self-harm by the patients in order to commit suicide. Most of the patients escape the poisonous side effects with a mild course, but some cases progress to a state of Acute liver failure or fulminant liver failure. Due to the broad range of symptoms that can occur with the compounds, it is important to discuss the course of progression of symptoms from mild to severe in order to understand the treatment protocols to treat the patient appropriately. Some patients progress to such a severe form of symptoms that there is an urgent indication of liver transplantation. Here we report a case of rodenticide poisoning in a young female which started off with a mild course and ultimately progressed to fulminant liver failure leading to a fatal outcome.
Praziquantel Associado a Alcaloide no Tratamento da Esquistossomose: prospecção tecnológica em uma perspectiva inovadora
Authors: Almeida Bandeira Maria Glória , Gerônimo Neto Pedro da Silva , Saraiva Ferreira João Marcelo , Monteiro Pablo de Matos , Nascimento Jaqueline Silva
Published: December 2021

A esquistossomose é uma doença negligenciada desencadeada pelo Schistosoma mansoni. O praziquantel (PZQ) é o fármaco de primeira escolha no tratamento da esquistossomose, além de outras doenças negligenciadas causadas por helmintos. Contudo, a dificuldade de adesão ao tratamento e o uso incorreto desse medicamento têm demonstrado resistência do parasito ao praziquantel. Para a elaboração deste artigo, realizou-se uma prospecção de patentes e de artigos dos principais estudos relacionados ao praziquantel. A busca foi realizada nas bases do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI) do Brasil, do European Patent Office (Espacenet), do Derwent Innovations Index, do World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) e também em artigos indexados no Scielo e no Scopus. Usou-se as mesmas palavras chave para as buscas nas bases de patente e nas bases de artigo científico para o período compreendido entre 2008 a 2018. O número de patentes relacionadas ao praziquantel é considerado baixo quando esses resultados são comparados com o número de artigos publicados. O Brasil apresentou o maior número de artigos publicados na base de dados Scielo para o período em estudo, entretanto, isso não se reflete aos pedidos de patentes, dos quais países, como Estados Unidos e China, são os maiores detentores.
The speciation view: Disentangling multiple causes of adaptive and non‐adaptive radiation in terms of speciation
Authors: Matsubayashi Kei W. , Yamaguchi Ryo
Published: December 2021

Biological diversification often includes burst of lineage splitting. Such “radiation” has been known to act as evolutionary arenas with the potential to generate unique phylogenetic clusters and further novel groups. Although these radiations when accompanied by ecological diversification, so‐called “adaptive radiation” have persisted as a central premise in evolutionary biology, the ecological and genetic mechanism of such rapid diversification has remained unclear. There are several critical definitions for the pattern of adaptive radiation, and those provide delimitation of adaptive and non‐adaptive radiation. That being said, only a few studies have provided any clear demarcations in our understanding of the adaptive and non‐adaptive causes of radiation from the mechanism of speciation. Here, we review the current consensus for the causes of adaptive radiation, especially along with the recent theoretical synthesis of “ecological speciation.” Further, we suggest the signature of adaptive and non‐adaptive radiation in the earliest stages of diversification from the viewpoint of speciation. These criteria from the speciation view are useful to find the cases with the signatures of adaptive/non‐adaptive radiation.
Spin–Orbit Torque Switching in an All‐Van der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Shin Inseob , Cho Won Joon , An Eun‐Su , Park Sungyu , Jeong Hyeon‐Woo , Jang Seong , Baek Woon Joong , Park Seong Yong , Yang Dong‐Hwan , Seo Jun Ho , Kim Gi‐Yeop , Ali Mazhar N. , Choi Si‐Young , Lee Hyun‐Woo , Kim Jun Sung , Kim Sung Dug , Lee Gil‐Ho
Published: December 2021

Current‐induced control of magnetization in ferromagnets using spin–orbit torque (SOT) has drawn attention as a new mechanism for fast and energy efficient magnetic memory devices. Energy‐efficient spintronic devices require a spin‐current source with a large SOT efficiency (ξ) and electrical conductivity (σ), and an efficient spin injection across a transparent interface. Herein, single crystals of the van der Waals (vdW) topological semimetal WTe2 and vdW ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 are used to satisfy the requirements in their all‐vdW‐heterostructure with an atomically sharp interface. The results exhibit values of ξ ≈ 4.6 and σ ≈ 2.25 × 105 Ω‐1 m‐1 for WTe2. Moreover, the significantly reduced switching current density of 3.90 × 106 A cm−2 at 150 K is obtained, which is an order of magnitude smaller than those of conventional heavy‐metal/ferromagnet thin films. These findings highlight that engineering vdW‐type topological materials and magnets offers a promising route to energy‐efficient magnetization control in SOT‐based spintronics.
Spray‐Stencil Lithography Enabled Large‐Scale Fabrication of Multispectral Colloidal Quantum‐Dot Infrared Detectors
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Chen Menglu , Mu Ge , Li Jinmei , Hao Qun , Tang Xin
Published: December 2021

Infrared HgTe colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are attracting great interest due to their synthesis scalability, mechanical flexibility, wide spectrum tunability, and excellent photoelectric properties. However, traditional HgTe CQD infrared detector fabrication methods such as drop casting and spin coating cannot achieve spatial control of patterned CQD films, which limits their sensing range to just single waveband and greatly hinders the realization of pixelated or multispectral CQD detectors. In this paper, an efficient spray‐stencil lithography technique is demonstrated for the scalable fabrication of multichannel HgTe CQD infrared detectors that can respond to different spectral ranges. Uniform and smooth CQD films can be deposited on rigid, flexible, and curved substrates up to 4 inch wafer. Both photoconductive and photovoltaic infrared HgTe CQD detectors are fabricated with peak D* above 1011 Jones across short‐wave and mid‐wave regions and show infrared imaging with noise equivalent temperature difference down to 26.7 mK. Flexible multispectral detectors with six channels are fabricated by the proposed spray‐stencil lithography method, and experimentally demonstrate spectral sensing and chemical analysis capability. It is believed that the proposed fabrication method provides a reliable scheme for the production of high‐performance multispectral CQD infrared detector arrays.
Development of a soil test correlation and calibration database for the USA
Authors: Lyons Sarah E. , Arthur Dan K. , Slaton Nathan A. , Pearce Austin W. , Spargo John T. , Osmond Deanna L. , Kleinman Peter J. A.
Published: December 2021

As part of the Fertilizer Recommendation Support Tool (FRST) project, the FRST database was developed to consolidate and preserve U.S. soil test correlation and calibration data. Legacy phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) soil test data that met a minimum requirement were included in the database. The FRST database initially included over 1,200 individual trials from a range of years, cropping systems, geographic regions, and management practices. The FRST database is being migrated from a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to a relational database format housed within the USDA‐ARS Agricultural Collaborative Research Outcomes System (AgCROS) to be accessed via the online FRST decision support tool. Data will be continually added to the FRST database through an online submission form following peer review by the FRST team. The FRST database and associated decision support tool will aid researchers, extension associates, consultants, and farmers in improving fertilizer recommendations for crops across the United States.
Fe Single‐Atom Catalysts on MOF‐5 Derived Carbon for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Xie Xiaoying , Shang Lu , Xiong Xuyang , Shi Run , Zhang Tierui
Published: December 2021

The development of Fe single‐atom catalysts (Fe SACs) with abundant, accessible Fe sites is a key step toward enhancing the efficiency of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this study, Zn4O(1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate)3 (MOF‐5), which has a 3D microporous cubic structure, is used as the precursor to prepare highly‐porous carbon (denoted as C‐MOF‐5) with an ultrahigh specific surface area (2751 m2 g–1) and high external surface area (1651 m2 g–1). C‐MOF‐5 is demonstrated as an effective carbon support to yield Fe SAC‐MOF‐5 with a large amount of accessible FeNx sites (2.35 wt%). Fe SAC‐MOF‐5 delivers a half‐wave potential of 0.83 V (vs RHE) in a 0.5 m H2SO4 electrolyte, and achieves a peak power density of 0.84 W cm–2 in a 0.2 MPa H2‐O2 PEMFC. This excellent performance originates from the ultrahigh specific surface area of C‐MOF‐5 for the formation of a high density of single Fe atoms, and high external surface area for the increased exposure of active sites. This work may inspire the rational design of metal single‐atom catalysts derived from a wider range of MOF precursors with ultrahigh specific area to improve the performance of the oxygen reduction reaction in PEMFCs.
Effects of puerarin on chronic inflammation: Focus on the heart, brain, and arteries
Authors: Zhang Li , Liu Lisheng , Wang Mingyi
Published: December 2021

Age‐associated increases in physical and mental stress, known as allostatic load, could lead to a chronic low‐grade inflammation in the heart, brain, and arteries. This low‐grade inflammation potentially contributes to adverse structural and functional remodeling, such as intimal medial thickening, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffening, cardiac hypertrophy and ischemia, and cognitive decline. These cellular and tissue remodeling is the fertile soil for the development of age‐associated structural and functional disorders in the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems in the pathogenesis of obesity, type II diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart dysfunction, and cognitive decline. Growing evidence indicates that puerarin, a polyphenol, extracted fromPuerara Labota, efficiently alleviates the initiation and progression of obesity, type II diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac ischemia, cardiac arrythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic stroke, and cognition decline via suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. This mini review focuses on recent advances in the effects of puerarin on the oxidative and inflammatory molecular, cellular, tissue events in the heart, brain, and arteries.
An examination of adaptive behavior and functional outcomes in adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A parental perspective
Authors: Curtin Andrea , Mannion Arlene , Shprintzen Robert J. , Whelan Sally , Coyne Rory , Leader Geraldine
Published: December 2021

22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic syndrome caused by a chromosomal microdeletion. It affects approximately 1 in 850–992 pregnancies, and its clinical manifestations include congenital heart disease, gastrointestinal symptoms, and psychiatric illnesses. The study examined the relationship between adaptive behavior and functional outcomes, educational attainment, employment, and independent living, and whether age, gender, intellectual disability, presence of psychiatric disorder, and close friendships could predict levels of adaptive behavior. Parents of adults with 22q11DS (n = 101; 48 male and 54 female) completed the Waisman Activities of Daily Living Scale, demographic details, and questions elicited employment, education, and relationships status. Analysis conducted in SPSS, included descriptive statistics, measures of association, Analysis of Variance, logistic and linear regressions. Differences in levels of overall adaptive behavior were found regarding employment and living status, but not in educational attainment. Having close friendships was associated with adaptive behavior as well as the likelihood of living independently. Further research is needed, ideally using prospective designs and purposive sampling strategies. This needs to examine how social and communication deficits impact relationship building and how they are affected by the clinical manifestations of 22q11DS. It also needs to focus on how different social structures interface with levels of adaptive behavior.
Single‐Ion Lithium Conducting Polymers with High Ionic Conductivity Based on Borate Pendant Groups
Authors: Guzmán‐González Gregorio , Vauthier Soline , Alvarez‐Tirado Marta , Cotte Stéphane , Castro Laurent , Guéguen Aurélie , Casado Nerea , Mecerreyes David
Published: December 2021

A family of single‐ion lithium conducting polymer electrolytes based on highly delocalized borate groups is reported. The effect of the nature of the substituents on the boron atom on the ionic conductivity of the resultant methacrylic polymers was analyzed. To the best of our knowledge the lithium borate polymers endowed with flexible and electron‐withdrawing substituents presents the highest ionic conductivity reported for a lithium single‐ion conducting homopolymer (1.65×10−4 S cm−1 at 60 °C). This together with its high lithium transference number t
=0.93 and electrochemical stability window of 4.2 V vs Li0/Li+ show promise for application in lithium batteries. To illustrate this, a lithium borate monomer was integrated into a single‐ion gel polymer electrolyte which showed good performance on lithium symmetrical cells (<0.85 V at ±0.2 mA cm−2 for 175 h).