bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of rail track properties on vehicle–track responses
Authors: Gia Khanh Nguyen , Ruigómez José María Goicolea , Castillo Felipe Gabaldón
Published: August 2016

This paper presents an investigation, using a numerical approach, of the dynamic response of the vehicle–track system as a function of the mechanical properties of high-speed rail track components. In particular, in this study the stiffness of the rail pad, ballast and sub-grade layer were considered as variable parameters. In order to assess their influence on the dynamic response during vehicle–track interaction, a sensitivity analysis was carried out. The analysis was undertaken using a simplified two-dimensional vehicle–track model, including the non-linear contact between wheel and rail, the track irregularities and several vehicle speeds. In total, more than 120 numerical simulations were performed, modifying, one at a time, the stiffness of the parameters. After processing the results, it was concluded that all the parameters considered have some influence, although the rail pad stiffness is the variable showing the highest influence. It is concluded that the procedure described is of use in optimising track design and reducing the dynamic response.
Reliability of sight distance at stop-control intersections
Authors: Easa Said M. , Hussain Altaf
Published: August 2016

The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials presents guidelines for intersection sight distance (ISD) based on extreme values of the component design variables such as speed and time gap. The guidelines for a stopped vehicle at a stop-control intersection on a minor road assume that the component design variables are deterministic. This paper presents a reliability method that considers the design variables as random. The method uses the means and variances of the probability distributions of the random variables and accounts for their correlations. A safety margin is defined as the difference between available and required ISD. Relationships for the mean and standard deviation of the safety margin are developed based on first-order second-moment analysis. The proposed method is useful for ISD design of a new intersection or redesign of an existing intersection for a desired reliability level. For single-unit trucks, the obstruction clearances from the minor- and major-road pavement edges are approximately 10% higher than those for passenger cars. The proposed method should be of interest to highway engineers involved in road safety and management.
Evaluation of asphalt mastic containing mica due to aging
Authors: Tarefder Rafiqul A. , Mannan Umme Amina , Arifuzzaman Md
Published: August 2016

Asphalt concrete consists of coarse aggregate, fine aggregates, fillers and binder. Fines passing a #200 sieve are called fillers, and most often contain mica. Previous studies show that the presence of mica reduces the strength of asphalt concrete. This study evaluates the mineral and chemical composition of asphalt mastic containing mica. Five different concentrations of mica were added to the fines and then X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the mineralogy of the mica and the presence of mica. An XRD pattern can differentiate mica from fillers and determine the presence of mica in fines. Then mastic containing different percentages of mica was aged and examined with a scanning electron microscope and a bending beam rheometer to determine the chemical composition and low-temperature stiffness. Scanning electron microscopy showed that, with the addition of mica, the microstructure of mastic changed and the number of uncoated flakes increased. However, the number of uncoated flakes decreased with aging. Also for high concentrations of mica, the presence of oxygen and sulfur decreased with aging. Bending beam rheometer test results showed that the addition of mica decreased the mastic stiffness. However, the rate of stiffness increase due to aging decreases with the addition of mica. This could suggest that mica reduces the rate of aging.
Correlations among railway turnout geometry, safety and speeds
Authors: Sadeghi Javad , Masnabadi Ali , Mazraeh Amin
Published: August 2016

Railway turnouts are important parts of a railway track system which substantially influence train average speed and running safety. Although several investigations have been conducted on improving the geometry of turnout components from the perspective of turnout geometry deterioration, less attention has been paid to the effects of turnout geometry parameters on the safety of train running and permissible speeds. In this paper, the effects of turnout geometry parameters on railway running safety were investigated. The aim was to establish a relationship between turnout geometry parameters and permissible running speeds. For this purpose, a mathematical model of a railway vehicle and a turnout track was developed. The model accuracy was verified through field tests. Conducting sensitivity analyses of the model, the effects of turnout geometry parameters such as curve radius, switch initial angle and track gauge on running safety for various train speeds were investigated. The investigations were performed on turnouts with small and large curves. Mathematical relationships between the turnout geometry parameters and the permissible running speed were developed using the results obtained in this investigation.
Transport emissions in Beijing: a scenario planning approach
Authors: Cao Mengqiu , Chen Chia-Lin , Hickman Robin
Published: August 2016

This paper explores and analyses how to reduce smog-related air pollutants and carbon dioxide emissions generated by passenger transport systems in Beijing. In-depth surveys with experts and practitioners in China are used to examine the current business-as-usual projection for emissions in Beijing, the drivers and trends affecting current projections, and to develop alternative scenarios that might help reduce projected emissions significantly. These are based around different variants of population and migration growth and environmental stewardship. Current levels of smog caused by transport emissions are much higher in Beijing than internationally accepted safety standards, partly because of high levels of motorised traffic. Carbon dioxide emissions always tend to be overlooked because economic growth is prioritised. The sustainable model represents one of the best models for Beijing to follow; however, Beijing faces major challenges in becoming more environmentally sustainable over the next few years, mainly due to population growth and increased migration, even if there is powerful top-down government environmental stewardship. The aspiration to reduce smog-related air pollutants and carbon dioxide emissions in Beijing by implementing sustainable transport mitigation measures seems very ambitious; however, it is perhaps in this context that the real innovations in transport planning will emerge.
Using the internet of things to monitor low adhesion on railways
Authors: Chapman Lee , Warren Elliott , Chapman Victoria
Published: August 2016

Adhesion refers to the ‘slipperiness’ of the rails due to surface contaminants such as leaves, rust, oil and grease, exacerbated by small amounts of atmospheric moisture from drizzle, dew or fog. Low adhesion is an issue on the railways because it reduces acceleration and braking efficiency. This leads to platform overruns and signals passed at danger, putting the travelling public at risk, as well as contributing significantly to service delays. In response, high-resolution forecasting systems have been developed that take into account site-specific leaf-fall forecasts, rail and dew-point temperature to estimate the occurrence of dew, frost, light rain and fog. However, in order to validate models, data are required from a high-resolution monitoring network that is able to capture observations of rail moisture and leaf-fall contamination. This paper investigates the feasibility of harnessing the emerging internet of things to develop a high-resolution, but low-cost, rail moisture monitoring network. A low-cost, self-contained sensor was developed and tested, with positive results, against existing, more expensive sensors in both a laboratory and field setting. The paper concludes with a blueprint documenting an approach to improve the spatial resolution of moisture measurements across the network.
A systems study of influential railway strategy documents
Authors: Evans Rhianne , Roberts Clive , Schmid Felix
Published: August 2016

Strategy documents are used across different industries to communicate the envisioned direction of a system or organisation. In recent years, a range of strategy documents relating to the UK rail sector have been produced, including European publications and the UK's Rail Technical Strategy. However, such documents are written by a multitude of stakeholders and can vary noticeably in structure, content and style. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the perceived quality and value of strategy documents can also be variable. This paper presents a study of three prominent railway documents, using information modelling and a user evaluation exercise. The findings show that inconsistent approaches to producing strategy can result in documents of varying quality and usefulness. The implications of poorly communicating strategy, it is suggested, are significant and far-reaching. The work supports a broader research project towards a new systems approach to designing strategy.
Briefing: Minimum effective kerb height for blind and partially sighted people
Authors: Thomas Carol
Published: August 2016

This paper discusses the problems that blind and partially sighted people have in town centres where a ‘shared space’ design has been created using a shared surface for pedestrians and traffic. It reveals the results of a study which shows that a kerb height of 60 mm is required to ensure that the edge of a footway can be detected by blind and partially sighted pedestrians; and proposes that this should be used along with dropped kerb crossings and tactile paving, and other design features to influence user behaviour in a shared space development. The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association (Guide Dogs), supported by over 30 organisations across the disability sector, has called for a moratorium on new shared surface schemes until the Department for Transport has completed its review of how the shared space concept can be delivered to be accessible for all users. The concept of ‘shared space’ is based upon the observation that traffic and pedestrian behaviour is more affected by the built environment than it is by conventional traffic regulations. Introducing ambiguity and uncertainty for drivers may instil caution in the driver, but this ambiguity should not also extend to vulnerable pedestrians so as to undermine their confidence and safety.
Seismic performance of timber buildings: the Series project
Authors: Piazza Maurizio , Tomasi Roberto , Grossi Paolo , Costa Alfredo Campos , Candeias Paulo Xavier
Published: August 2016

This paper describes a shaking-table experimental programme performed on four different multi-storey timber houses within the transnational Seismic Engineering Research Infrastructures for European Synergies (Series) project at the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering in Lisbon, Portugal. The aim of the Series project was to promote cooperation between main European research centres by giving access to their facilities. Under the timber buildings research programme within the Series framework, four real-scale three-storey buildings of plan dimension 7 × 5 m were assembled and tested: two timber-frame houses, one log house and one cross-glued laminated timber house. This paper describes the common parts of the various tests undertaken, such as the test set-up and the measurement layout. The tests themselves are described in a series of companion papers by the authors.
Pin-bearing strengths for bolted connections in fibre-reinforced polymer structures
Authors: Mottram J. Toby , Zafari Behrouz
Published: August 2016

Presented in this paper are pin-bearing strengths for pultruded fibre-reinforced polymer materials that are required in order to check the bearing resistance when designing bolted connections. For steel pin diameters up to 16 mm, equivalent test results, at room temperature, using the European standard test method BS EN 13706-2 and another test method (such as ASTM D 5764) are shown not to be significantly different. As the latter method uses much smaller specimen blanks, new pin-bearing strengths can be determined for the web material in a 203 × 203 × 9·5 mm wide flange shape, with the connection force at 0°, 45° or 90° to the direction of pultrusion. An evaluation is made of the test results and recommendations are given on how pin-bearing strengths are to be determined so that they will match the geometries of bolted connections and connection forces found in practice.
Experimental evaluation of bolt pull-through in pultruded glass-fibre-reinforced polymer plate
Authors: Turvey Geoffrey John
Published: August 2016

An experimental investigation of the bolt pull-through stiffness and strength of pultruded glass-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) plate is described. Details of an adjustable bolt pull-through test rig are presented. The rig was used to carry out 80 low and ultimate load tests on single bolts loaded in tension at the centres of square pultruded GFRP plates. In the tests, one plate thickness, two bolt diameters, four plate side lengths, two sets of plate edge conditions and two orientations of the principal orthotropic axes with respect to one of the edge conditions were investigated. Transverse stiffnesses as well as damage and ultimate tensile loads of the bolt–plate specimens were quantified from the test data. The latter are presented graphically to illustrate the effects of bolt diameter, plate slenderness, plate edge conditions, etc. on stiffnesses and damage/ultimate loads. Failure modes are also described and illustrated.
Menumbuhkan Rasa Percaya Diri Mahasiswa dalam Iklim Belajar Mengajar Melalui Kreativitas Seni
Authors: Sutini Ai
Published: August 2016

Penelitian ini didasari karena rasa percaya diri mahasiswa belum tumbuh. Kreativitas kurang, malu, takut dalam bersikap. Maka melalui perkuliahan seni, diharapkan mahasiswa mendapat rangsangan (stimulus) untuk mencipta, mencoba sehingga ada kebebasan untuk berkreativitas seni.        

Penelitian ini dilakukan di program D 2 PGTK Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Kampus Cibiru dengan subjek mahasiswa semester 4 tahun akademik 2006‐2007 sebanyak 26 orang. Metode yang digunakan kreatif, praktek dan latihan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan : (1) mahasiswa lebih aktif dan kreatif dalam berekspresi dan bereksplorasi melalui seni (2) mahasiswa lebih percaya diri.
Mengembangkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Melalui Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Menggunakan Tahapan POLYA
Authors: - Komariah
Published: August 2016

Abstrak  

Salah satu tujuan dari pembelajaran matematika di tingkat SD menurut kurikulum 2004 dan KTSP adalah mengembangkan kemampuan memecahkan masalah.Berdasarkan orientasi lapangan pada salah satu  SD di dari hasil tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa masih tergolong rendah    Masalah pada penelitian ini (1) bagaimana kualitas kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa ditinjau dari setiap tahap pemecahan masalah dan secara keseluruhan selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung? (2) bagaimana aktivitas siswa pada kegiatan diskusi kelompok selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung? (3) bagaiman tanggapan siswa terhadap pembelajaran pemecahan masalah matematika melalui diskusi kelompok? Pembelajaran pemecahan masalah matematika pada penelitian ini ditinjau dari setiap tahap pemecahan masalah dan secara keseluruhan langkah selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Langkah pemecahan masalah menurut Polya meliputi (1) memahami masalah, (2) merencanakan penyelesaian, (3) melaksanakan penyelesaian, (4) memeriksa kembali hasil, serta secara keseluruhan.   Metoda yang dipergunakan penelitian tindakan kelas terhadap siswa kelas VI SD CIbiru VII Bandung terdiri dari 38 orang siswa dengan setting kelas kegiatan diskusi kelompok. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini tes, observasi, angket.   Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada siklus I kualitas kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa masih rendah, sebagian kelompok salah mengartikan soal pada tahap memahami masalah, tahap merencanakan penyelesaian dan secara keseluruhan langkah. Pada siklus II ada kemajuan semua kelompok siswa dapat menyelesaikan soal namun ada kelompok siswa yang masih salah mengartikan soal pada tahap memahami masalah dan dan secara keseluruhan langkah masih salah menghitung. Pada siklus III semua kelompok dapat menyelesaikan soal namun pada tahap secara keseluruhan masih ada kelompok siswa yang salah dalam menghitung terutama dalam membagi dan membulatkan. Hasil tes akhir menunjukkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa secara keseluruhan tergolong baik dan relative homogen mendekati rata‐rata. Aktivitas siswa pada kegiatan diskusi kelompok pada siklus I siswa belum dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan situasi pembelajaran yang diciptakan pada akhir siklus I dan pada siklus II serta III kegiatan diskusi lebih hidup dan kondusif yang dapat mengembangkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa. Siswa memberikan respon positif terhadap pembelajaranpemecahan masalah matematika. Kesulitan yang dihadapi siswa pada tahap memahami masalah dan pada tahap merencanakan penyelesaian.

Kata Kunci: Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika, Soal Cerita, Langkah Polya
Remediasi Kesulitan Mahasiswa PGSD Menyusun Alat Penilaian Hasil Belajar Menurut Kelas Melalui Kerja kelompok
Authors: Setiamihardja Realin
Published: August 2016

Abstrak  

Penelitian Penelitian yang berjudul “Remediasi Kesulitan Mahasiswa PGSD Menyusun Alat Penilaian Hasil Belajar Berbasis Kelas Melalui Kerja Kelompok “ dilakukan di PGSD Kampus Cibiru. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menyusun alat penilaian hasil belajar berbasis kelas. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah: 1) adanya peningkatan aktifitas belajar mahasiswa dalam menyusun alat penilaian bentuk pilihan ganda, isian singkat dan uraian; 2) mahasiswa memperoleh pengalaman belajar secara utuh yang saling terkait dalam kemampuan penyusunan alat penilaian hasil belajar; 3) adanya peningkatan motivasi belajar; 4) mahasiswa memperoleh pengalaman belajar yang bermakna serta menciptakan hubungan yang akrab antara mahasiswa dengan pengajar; dan 5) adanya peningkatan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam penyusunan alat penilaian hasil belajar, melalui tukar pendapat, berbagi pengalaman dan kegiatan diskusi bersama teman sekelompoknya.

Kata Kunci: Alat Penilaian, Kerja Kelompok
Teater Antara Kreative, Dinamika Kelompok, Kematangan Psikologis, Dan Pembelajaran Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Abidin Yunus
Published: August 2016

ABSTRAK

Teater dapat dipandang dalam berbagai dimensi. Dimensi pertama adalah bahwa teater merupakan wujud kreativitas para pelakunya. Dalam pembentukan proses kreatif tersebut teater mencerminkan dinamika kelompok para pelakunya. Lebih jauh teater dapat pula dikatakan sebagai wadah pengembangan kematangan psikologis. Sejalan dengan hal di atas, teater merupakan materi pembelajaran di sekolah karena dinggap memilki banyak muatan posotif di dalamnya. Teater dalam pembelajaran membuat sebuah kontribusi yang penting terhadap perkembangan anak. Teater menyangkut bahasa, persepsi, perkembangan konsep, pengetahuan estetik dan pada akhirnya keseluruhan barisan pengalaman itu sendiri. Teater lebih jauh merupakan seni bahasa dan kemampuan berkomunikasi yang dapat digabungkan dalam beberapa cara yang menyenangkan dan untuk tujuan yang bervariasi dimulai dari mempertinggi perkembangan bahasa dan kosa kata sampai kepada kemampuan pemahaman menggunakannya dan membaca kritis.

Kata Kunci : Teater, Kreativitas. Dinamika Kelompok, Psikologis, dan Pembelajaran
Pendekatan Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Untuk Meningkatkan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis
Authors: Yuniarti Yeni
Published: August 2016

Abstrak

Pembelajaran matematika yang berpusat pada guru, kurang memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk mengungkapkan pendapat berupa gagasan atau ide-idenya. Matematika bukanlah sebuah pengetahuan yang terpisah dari dunia nyata, atau dengan kata lain matematika merupakan sebuah aktivitas manusia (a human activity). Melalui pembelajaran berbasis masalah siswa memahami konsep suatu materi dimulai dari situasi masalah yang tidak terstruktur. Untuk sampai pada tahap pemecahan masalah, siswa melakukan investigasi, inkuiri, eksploitasi terhadap situasi masalah yang diberikan. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa siswa belajar mengalami dan mengaitkan pengetahuan sebelumnya ke dalam materi yang sedang dipelajari, mengkomunikasikan sendiri pemahaman, tidak sekedar menghafal dan diberi orang lain (guru). Guru bertindak sebagai pembimbing, motivator dan fasilitator yang artinya bahwa guru membantu siswa pada permulaan dan pada saat-saat diperlukan saja apabila siswa mengalami kesulitan (scaffolding).

Kata Kunci: Matematika, pembelajaran berbasis masalah, pemecahan masalah
Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Whole Languege Untuk Menumbuh Kembangkan Kemampuan Berbahasa Tulis Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Halimah Lely , Syahrudin Didin , Abidin Yunus
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Some mistake are finding in teaching and learning language at the schools until today. This condition happened because there is some mistake in teaching and learning language at the schools. Because of that, the process of teaching and learning literature at schools must be change by using the effective models of teaching and learning language which can improve student literacy. One of the models for teaching and learning literacy is Whole Language Model. The problems of this research are (1) what is real condition of learning and teaching language process in the schools? (2) how to development whole language models which can improve student’s literacy? (3) are there influence in using whole language model toward student’s literacy improvement? .Method of this research is research and development. The subject of this research is student in Primary School Laboratory UPI Cibiru Campus. Measurement utilizes test and observation. The statistic analysis technique is using to analysis the date. Result of this research concludes that (1) teacher needs the good model of learning and teaching language to improving student’s literacy in the school; (2) whole language model can implementating by three step that is introduction step, process step, and closing step; (3) implementation of whole language model of teaching and learning language can improving student’s literacy in the primary school.

Key Word: Whole Language, Elementary Student, Literacy
Pendidikan Pertama Pada Anak
Authors: Herawati Nenden Ineu
Published: August 2016

Abstrak

Pendidikan selalu berkaitan dengan pembelajaran, sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam undang-undang RI No. 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional bahwa pendidikan adalah usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya untuk memiliki kekuatan sepiritual keagamaan, pengendalian diri, kepribadian, kecerdasan, akhlak mulia, serta keterampilan yang diperlukan dirinya, masyarakat, bangsa dan Negara. Dengan demikian, dalam pendidikan ada pembelajaran, tempat anak mendapatkan pendidikan dan pembelajaran, tentu anak memperoleh pengetahuan seperti belajar membaca, menulis dan berhitung. Oleh karena itu, belajar dapat didefinisikan adanya perubahan perilaku oleh kernanya kita sering mendengar di masyarakat bahwa pendidikan awal atau pertama anak adalah di sekolah taman kanak-kanak atau di sekolah dasar. Tokoh pendidikan terdahulu yakni Ki Hadjar Dewantara, mengatakan pendidikan yang pertama dan utama pada anak adalah di lingkungan keluarga. Pernyataan tersebut benar, sebab di lingkungan keluarga bagi anak merupakan peletak pembentukan perilaku.

Kata Kunci :Pendidikan, Anak
Model Multiplate Intelligences Untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas Berpendapat Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran IPS Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Firdaus Fery Muhammad
Published: August 2016

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena keadaan siswa sekolah dasar (SD) yaitu kurangnya kreativitas berpendapat siswa dalam proses pembelajaran IPS. Hasil observasi yang dilakukan sebelum penelitian ini dilaksanakan menunjukkan bahwa akar permasalahannya yaitu dari aspek guru yang masih menerapkan pola mengajar konvensional atau hanya dengan menggunakan ceramah, guru terlalu berperan aktif dalam proses pembelajaran, sedangkan siswa tidak diberi kesempatan untuk aktif dalam memanfaatkan sumber belajar yang ada. Padahal semua siswa mempunyai potensi dan kecerdasan yang harus dikembangkan sesuai dengan karakteristik kebutuhan perkembangannya. Dari gambaran di atas, penulis mencoba mencari alternatif pemecahan masalah dengan menerapkan model multiple intelligences sebagai terobosan baru dalam meningkatkan kreativitas berpendapat siswa pada pembelajaran IPS di SD. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari tes kreativitas berpendapat siswa, telah diperoleh penemuan bahwa terjadinya peningkatan-peningkatan mengenai hasil tes kreativitas berpendapat siswa, sehingga dapat diperoleh hasil penelitian bahwa model multiple intelligences dapat meningkatkan kreativitas berpendapat siswa. Oleh karena itu penulis merekomendasikan model multiple intelligences kepada para guru sebagai salah satu alternatif dalam upaya meningkatkan kreativitas berpendapat siswa dalam pembelajaran IPS di SD.

Kata Kunci: Model Multiple Intelligences, Kreativitas Berpendapat Siswa
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL PERMAINAN BOY-BOYAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR TEMA “DIRIKU” SISWA KELAS I SD
Authors: Anggraini Cicilia Clara Devi , Untari Mei Fita Asri
Published: August 2016

This research is motivated by the importance of integrated thematic learning curriculum themes and 2013 by using the model of traditional games as learning a fun, active, effective and meaningful for students. There are many students who believe that learning in school was just learning in the classroom rigid and monotonous so that students difficult to understand the concept of the teacher taught the material that causes the results low student learning and learning becomes ineffective. Purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the existing models in the game Boy-Boyan integrated thematic learning on learning outcomes theme of "Me". Based on the analysis of data obtained by the price of hypothesis testing tcount 8078 and amounted to 2,021 t table. Because of tcound > t table or 8,078 > 2,021 then Ho is rejected or it can be said that the difference in average initial conditions to the final conditions significantly. The conclusions is there is effectivenes of the models Boy-boyan games in integrated thematic learning in learning outcomes theme of "me" grade 1 SDN Pandeanlamper 5 Semarang.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya pembelajaran tematik terintegrasi kurikulum 2013 dengan menggunakan tema dan model permainan tradisional sebagai salah satu pembelajaran yang menyenangkan, aktif, efektif dan bermakna bagi siswa. Masih banyak siswa yang beranggapan bahwa pembelajaran di sekolah itu hanya belajar di dalam ruangan kelas yang kaku dan monoton sehingga siswa sukar untuk memahami materi yang diajarkan guru yang menyebabkan hasil belajar rendah dan pembelajaran menjadi tidak efektif. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keefektifan model permainan Boy-Boyan dalam pembelajaran tematik terintegrasi terhadap hasil belajar tema “Diriku”. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian uji hipotesis diperoleh harga t hitung sebesar 8.078 dan t tabel sebesar 2.021. Karena t hitung >t tabel atau 8.078> 2.021 maka Ho ditolak atau dapat dikatakan bahwa perbedaan rata-rata kondisi awal dengan kondisi akhir signifikan. Kesimpulannya adalah terdapat keefektifan model permainan Boy-Boyan dalam pembelajaran tematik terintegrasi terhadap hasil belajar
tema “Diriku” siswa kelas 1 SDN Pandeanlamper 5 Semarang.
Abscisic acid and blue light signaling pathways in chloroplast movements in Arabidopsis mesophyll
Authors: Eckstein Aleksandra , Krzeszowiec Weronika , Banaś Agnieszka Katarzyna , Janowiak Franciszek , Gabryś Halina
Published: August 2016

Abscisic acid (ABA) and phototropins act antagonistically to control stomatal movements. Here, we investigated the role of ABA in phototropin-directed chloroplast movements in mesophyll cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. We analyzed the expression of phototropins at mRNA and protein  level under the influence of ABA. PHOT1 mRNA level was decreased  by ABA in the dark while it was insensitive to ABA in light. PHOT2 mRNA level was independent of the hormone treatment. The levels of phototropin proteins were down-regulated by ABA, both in darkness and light. No impact of exogenous ABA on amplitudes and kinetics of chloroplast movements was detected. Chloroplast responses in wild type Arabidopsis and three mutants, abi4, abi2 (abscisic acid insensitive4, 2) and aba1 (abscisic acid1), were measured to account for endogenous ABA signaling. The chloroplast responses were slightly reduced in abi2 and aba1 mutants in strong light. To further investigate the effect, abi2 and aba1 mutants were supplemented with exogenous ABA. In the aba1 mutant, the reaction was rescued but in abi2 it was unaffected. Our results show that ABA is not directly involved in phototropin-controlled chloroplast responses in mature leaves of Arabidopsis. However, the disturbance of ABA biosynthesis and signaling in mutants affects some elements of the chloroplast movement mechanism. In line with its role as a stress hormone, ABA appears to enhance plant sensitivity to light and promote the chloroplast avoidance response.
MÍDIA E IDENTIDADE: produção discursiva em torno da “única capital fundada por franceses”
Authors: Cutrim Ilza Galvão
Published: August 2016

Este estudo busca compreender práticas discursivas que definem, na contemporaneidade, as condições de exercício da função enunciativa de uma das identidades da capital maranhense, por meio da análise de discursos midiáticos presentes em duas propagandas, publicadas no jornal O Estado do Maranhão. Nossas discussões ancoram-se na Análise do Discurso de base foucaultiana no sentido de compreender como a ligação a um conjunto de relações históricas, submetidas a uma ordem, que preceitua o que pode ser dito e o que deve ser silenciado, possibilita que o enunciado promova a filiação a certa(s) identidade(s).Palavras-chave: Mídia. Discurso. Identidade.MIDIA AND IDENTITY: discursive production around the foundation of São LuisAbstract: This study is aimed at understanding the discursive practices that define, in contemporary times, the conditions of exercise of the enunciative function of one of the identities of the capital of Maranhão, through the analysis of media discourses present in two advertisements published in O Estado do Maranhão. Our discussions are anchored in a Foulcauldian Discourse Analysis in order to understand how the connection to a set of historical relations, subjected to an order that stipulates what can be said and what should be silenced, allows the statement to promote a link to certain identity/identities.Keywords: Media. Discourse. Identity.LOS MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN Y LA IDENTIDAD: la producción discursiva en torno al enunciado" la única capital brasileña fundada por los franceses"Resumen: Este estudio busca entender las prácticas discursivas que definen, en la época contemporánea, las condiciones de ejercicio de la función enunciativa de una de las identidades de la capital del Estado de Maranhão, a través del análisis de discursos constituyentes de dos publicidades divulgadas en el periódico O Estado do Maranhão. Nuestras discusiones se anclan en el Análisis del Discurso Foucaultiano para entender cómo la conexión a un conjunto de relaciones históricas, sujetas a una totalidad que establece lo que puede decirse y lo que debe ser silenciado, permite que el enunciado promueva el hecho de pertenecer a una (s) identidad (es).Palabras clave: Los medios de comunicación. El discurso. La identidad.
Biografia
Authors: Zannoni Claudio
Published: August 2016

Autores
Assessment of the Health implications of Synthetic and Natural Food Colourants – A Critical Review
Authors: Sunday N. Okafor  , Wilfred Obonga  , Mercy A. Ezeokonkwo  , Jamiu Nurudeen  , Ufoma Orovwigho  , Joshua Ahiabuike
Published: August 2016

Several types of dyes are available in the market as colouring agents to food commodities. Some commonly used synthetic food dyes include: brilliant blue, indigo carmine, citrus red, fast green, erythrosine, allura red, tartrazine and sunset yellow. The main food biocolorants are carotenoids, flavanoids, anthocyanidins, chlorophyll, betalain and crocin. There has been a rising concern over the health implications of the use of food dyes in human diets. How safe are these food colourants? This has led to a lot of studies, both by individual researchers, corporate organization-sponsored and even government-sponsored researches, to authenticate the benefits or risks associated with the use of food colourants (synthetic and natural). This review critically evaluated scientific researches from various published journal articles and reports, with a view of clarifying the health implications of using these food dyes. Various studies have shown that synthetic food colourants have considerable toxicological effects, including but not limited to carcinogenicity, hypersensitivity reactions, and behavioral effects. However, natural food colourants have been found to be relatively safe to humans. Besides the colouring property, they have been found to possess a number of pharmacological properties like strong antioxidant, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and antiartheritic effects.
Hysteresis Characteristic in the Hump Region of a Pump-Turbine Model
Authors: Li Deyou , Wang Hongjie , Chen Jinxia , Nielsen Torbjørn K. , Qin Daqing , Wei Xianzhu
Published: August 2016

The hump feature is one of the major instabilities in pump-turbines. When pump-turbines operate in the hump region, strong noise and serious fluctuations can be observed, which are harmful to their safe and stable operation and can even destroy the whole unit as well as water conveyance system. In this paper, a low specific speed (nq = 36.1 min−1) pump-turbine model was experimentally investigated. Firstly, the hump characteristic was obtained under 19 mm guide vane opening conditions. More interestingly, when the hump characteristic was measured in two directions (increasing and decreasing the discharge), characteristic hysteresis was found in the hump region. The analysis of performance characteristics reveals that the hump instability is the result of Euler momentum and hydraulic losses, and different Euler momentum and hydraulic losses in the two development processes lead to the hysteresis phenomenon. Then, 12 pressure sensors were mounted in the different parts of the pump-turbine model to obtain the time and frequency characteristics. The analysis of the corresponding fast Fourier transform confirms that the hump characteristic is related to low-frequency (0.04–0.15 times rotational frequency) vortices. The occurrence and cessation of vortices depend on the operating condition and measurement direction, which contribute to the hysteresis feature. Finally, the type of the low-frequency vortices was analyzed through the cross power spectrum.
The Role of Natural Factors on Major Climate Variability in Northern Winter
Authors: Roy Indrani
Published: August 2016

This work studies the role of natural factors mainly solar eleven-year cycle variability, and volcanic eruptions on two major modes of climate variability the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) for around last 150 years period. The NAO is the primary factor to regulate Central England Temperature (CET) during winter throughout the period, though NAO is impacted differently by other factors in different time periods. Solar variability has a positive influence on NAO during 1978-1997, which is opposite before that period. Solar NAO lag relationship is also sensitive to the chosen times of reference. Such analyses raise a question about previously proposed mechanism and relationship related to the sun and NAO. The ENSO is seen to be influenced strongly by solar variability and volcanic eruptions in certain periods. This study observes a strong negative association between solar variability and ENSO before the 1950s, which is even opposite during the second half of 20th century. The period 1978-1997, when two strong eruptions coincided with active years of strong solar cycles, the ENSO, and volcanic eruptions suggested the stronger association. Here we show that the mean atmospheric state is important for understanding the connection between solar variability, the NAO and ENSO and associated mechanism.
Thermal Analysis of an Industrial Furnace
Authors: Filipponi Mirko , Rossi Federico , Presciutti Andrea , De Ciantis Stefania , Castellani Beatrice , Carpinelli Ambro
Published: August 2016

Industries, which are mainly responsible for high energy consumptions, need to invest in research projects in order to develop new managing systems for rational energy use and to tackle the devastating effects of climate change caused by human behavior. The study reported in this paper concerns the forging industry, where the production processes generally start with the heating of the steel in furnaces and continue with other processes, such as heat treatments and mechanical machining. One of the most critical operations, in terms of energy loss, is the opening of the furnace doors for the insertion and extraction operations. During this time, the temperature of the furnaces decreases by hundreds of degrees in a few minutes. Because the dispersed heat needs to be supplied again through the combustion of fuel, increasing the consumption of energy and the pollutant emissions, the evaluation of the amount of the lost energy is crucial for the development of operating or mechanical systems able to contain this dispersion. To perform this study, CFD simulation software was used. Results show that at the door opening, because of temperature and pressure differences between the furnace and the ambient, turbulences are generated. Results also show that the amount of energy lost for an opening of 10 minutes for radiation, convection and conduction is equal to 5606 MJ where convection is the main contributor with 5020 MJ. The model created, after being validated, has been applied to perform other simulations in order to improve the energy performance of the furnace. Results show that a reduction of the opening time of the door allows energy savings and limits pollutant emissions.
Using the Job Burden-Capital Model of Occupational Stress to Predict Depression and Well-being among Electronic Manufacturing Service Employees in China
Authors: Wang Chao , Li Shuang , Li Tao , Yu Shanfa , Dai Junming , Liu Xiaoman , Zhu Xiaojun , Ji Yuqing , Wang Jin
Published: August 2016

Background: This study aims to detect the association between occupational stress, depression and well-being. An exploratory theory as job burden-capital model is proposed and the corresponding hypotheses are to be discussed. Methods: 1618 valid samples were recruited from electronic manufacturing service industry in Hunan province. And all the data were collected by self-rated questionnaires after written consent. This paper introduced a more comprehensive and flexible and it was fitted and validated through the structural equation model analysis. Results: The results of single factor correlation analysis show that the coefficients between all items and dimensions present statistical significance. The final fitting model has satisfactory global goodness of fit (CMIN/DF=5.37, AGFI=0.915, NNFI=0.945, IFI=0.952, RMSEA=0.052). Both of the measurement model and structural model have acceptable path loadings. Job burden and capital could either directly associate with depression and well-being or indirectly relate to them through personality. Multi-group structural equation model analyses indicate general applicability of the model to the basic features of such population and gender, marriage and education made difference on the effects between occupational stress and health outcomes. Conclusions: The job burden-capital model of the occupational stress-depression and well-being shows more systematicness and comprehensiveness.
Study of Natural Radioactive Elements in The Environment of Bundelkhand Region
Authors: Garg H. K. , Agrawal Rajiv , Garg Udita
Published: August 2016

Natural radioactive elements have been studied in the environment of some remote areas of Bundelkhand region. The nuclear radiations emitted were found as human health hazards by the applications of solid state nuclear track detector. Natural radioactive elements were mainly investigated as uranium and its radioactive products like radium and radon using nuclear technique such as laser flourimetry and γ-rays spectrometry radiation induced effect in the material were studied using heavy ion and irradiation facilities.  
A Novel Environmentally Friendly Lubricant for Water-Based Drilling Fluids as a New Application of Biodiesel
Authors: Li Wai , Zhao Xionghu , Peng Hui , Guo Junyu , Ji Tuo , Chen Bin , You Zhiliang , Liu Lan
Published: August 2016

Oily lubricants have been used in water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs) for many years, particularly in deviant, extended reach or horizontal wells where relatively high toque and drag often be a vital issue. As environmental regulations are becoming more restrictive, traditional lubricants for WBDFs encounter severe challenges. Hence, high-performance, environmentally friendly lubricants for WBDFs are urgently needed.

In this paper, a novel lubricant based on biodiesel was introduced. On the basis of a detailed comparison of the properties of biodiesel and some other oils, the huge potential of biodiesel as a lubricant was demonstrated. The development process of the novel lubricant was described briefly and then comprehensive laboratory evaluation results were presented. The results suggested that the lubricant has great performances in different WBDFs. It was also found to have low eco-toxicity and good biodegradability, meaning a great environmental acceptability. Its performance became even better after hot-rolling at 150 °C for 16 h. In addition, the performances of the lubricant mixed with some other lubricants including zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) and modified graphite (MG) in WBDFs were investigated. The results showed that the lubricity can be further enhanced by some synergetic effects between different lubricants. The action mechanisms of these synergetic effects in the friction process were proposed.

Using biodiesel-based lubricant for WBDF drilling is a promising way to compromise the legal pressure and technological demands. In view of the booming of biodiesel production and the increasing of environmental awareness, this lubricant offers a hopeful solution.
Challenging Development of Relief Wells: Active Magnetic Ranging in Highly Resistive Formations
Authors: Gosse Alan , Schiermeier Pete , Wu Hsu-Hsiang
Published: August 2016

While many operators prefer to design relief well (RW) plans using an active magnetic ranging (AMR) tool, it is important to understand the environmental limitations. One common misunderstanding of AMR performance is that the tool is not feasible in highly resistive formations. In fact, ranging at such resistive conditions has a negative impact on the AMR tool detection range; however, ranging operations utilizing AMR can still be achieved by using specific procedures based on different drilling conditions.

The most common type of highly resistive formations encountered in RW design is salt. Salt formations affect the capability of current penetration into the resistive media between a RW and a target well (TW). Without sufficient current, too small of a magnetic field is created on the target well, thus weak or no field to be measured at the AMR tool in the RW.

This paper presents various approaches addressing different types of salt formations to optimize the RW design and ranging plan, as well as reduce the impact of the salt formation on the AMR signal. In such salt formations, the physical formation properties and the corresponding proximity to a planned interception point at the RW will determine the required optimized mitigation techniques Field operators can only attain accurate magnetic ranging measurements for the RW operations using the methods highlighted in this paper.
Delayed Crosslinking Composition or Reaction Product Thereof for Treatment of a Subterranean Formation
Authors: Agarwal Shashank Deep
Published: August 2016

This paper presents a delayed fracturing stimulation fluid system designed to delay crosslink time and reduce surface pressure by reducing pipe friction during pumping to achieve improved recovery of heavy oil where preheated treatment fluids are required.

The new approach is based on the chelating properties of delaying agents. The delayed stimulation fluid system includes guar and a boron-based crosslinker. The base stimulation fluid was preheated to 167°F (75°C) before pumping, Without adding the delaying agent, crosslinking occurred at surface conditions such that high tubular friction pressure was experienced while pumping the stimulation fluid down hole. To measure the crosslinking time, vortex closure time was observed. The delay in crosslinking time was directly proportional to the vortex closure time. A significant change was observed in the vortex closure time after adding the delaying agent to the heated fluid.

The novelty of the fluid system delaying agent is in its ability to allow pumping heated borate-crosslinked guar gels with crosslink-delaying efficiency, resulting in reduced surface pressure and adequate fluid viscosity in the formation.
Improving Directional Survey Accuracy through Real-Time Operating Centers
Authors: DeVerse Shawn , Maus Stefan
Published: August 2016

Standard directional surveying practices are subject to numerous error sources which can cause inaccurate placement of the wellbore. This is problematic because inaccurate wellbore placement increases collision risk, reduces reservoir drainage, and impacts subsurface models. Web-based software was developed to provide rig site personnel with a simple interface to transfer survey data in real-time to survey analysts in a remote operations center. The web interface is easily accessible via standard web browsers and enables users to upload data in any format without the need to manually configure or manipulate data fields. Independent survey quality analysis by remote operating centers is the most effective way to validate directional survey accuracy and to ensure it is free from gross or large systematic errors that exceed the assumptions of the positional error model. Furthermore, by applying multi-station analysis corrections and using in-field referencing geomagnetic models, the positional uncertainty of the wellbore trajectory can be reduced by 50 percent or greater. These methods improve wellbore placement substantially at a low operational cost, thus significantly increasing the value of the wellbore.