bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relación entre la velocidad de corrosión de la armadura y el ancho de fisuras en vigas de concreto armado expuestas a ambientes que simulan el medio marino
Authors: Hernández Y. , Troconis de Rincón O. , Torres A. , Delgado S. , Rodríguez J. , Morón O.
Published: September 2016

Relación entre la velocidad de corrosión de la armadura y el ancho de fisuras en vigas de concreto armado expuestas a ambientes que simulan el medio marino  RESUMENEsta investigación presenta una relación empírica entre la velocidad de corrosión de la armadura y la velocidad de ensanchamiento de fisuras por corrosión del recubrimiento de concreto en vigas, con o sin aplicación de carga. Se evaluaron vigas de concreto armado, expuestas a un proceso de corrosión natural mediante el rociado con solución salina al 3,5 %p/p de NaCl, para acelerar el proceso corrosivo de la armadura, mediante ensayos electroquímicos. El ancho de fisuras se evaluó mensualmente para estimar la relación existente entre éste y la pérdida de sección de la armadura. Los resultados demuestran que existe una relación directa entre la propagación del ancho de fisuras y la velocidad de corrosión, observando fisuras de mayor ancho en vigas cargadas.Palabras clave: corrosion; concreto armado; vigas cargadas; ancho de fisuras. Reinforcement corrosion rate and crack width relationship in concrete beams exposed to simulated marine environment ABSTRACTThis investigation presents an empirical correlation between the rebar corrosion rate and the corrosion-induced crack width propagation rate produced on beam's concrete cover, with or without load application to these beams. Reinforced concrete beams were evaluated, exposed to a natural corrosion process by spraying with 3.5 %w/w NaCl solution, to accelerate the rebar corrosion process, was performed with electrochemical tests. The beams corrosion-cracking evaluation was performed once every month, to determine the relation between crack width and the rebar corrosion loss. The results showed a direct relation between crack width propagation and rebar corrosion rate, showing wider cracks in the loaded beams.Keywords: corrosion; reinforced concrete; loaded beams; crack widths. Relação entre a velocidade de corrosão da armadura e a largura das fissuras em vigas de concreto armado expostas a ambientes que simulam o ambiente marinho RESUMOEsta pesquisa apresenta uma relação empírica entre a taxa de corrosão da armadura e a abertura de fissuras por efeito da corrosão da armadura em vigas de concreto, com ou sem aplicação de carga. Foram avaliadas vigas de concreto armado, expostas a um processo de corrosão natural por pulverização com solução salina a concentração de 3,5% de NaCl, para acelerar o processo de corrosão da armadura, mediante ensaios eletroquímicos. A abertura das fissuras foi avaliada mensalmente para estimar a relação entre ela e a perda de seção da armadura. Os resultados mostram que existe uma relação direta entre a propagação da abertura da fissura e a taxa de corrosão, observando a ocorrência de fissuras de maior abertura nas vigas sob carga.Palavras-chave: corrosão; vigas de concreto armado sob carga; abertura de fissuras.
Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infection
Authors: An Thomas J. , Benvenuti Michael A. , Mignemi Megan E. , Thomsen Isaac P. , Schoenecker Jonathan G.
Published: September 2016

➢ Tissue injury activates the acute-phase response mediated by the liver, which promotes coagulation, immunity, and tissue regeneration. To survive and disseminate, musculoskeletal pathogens express virulence factors that modulate and hijack this response. As the acute-phase reactants required by these pathogens are most abundant in damaged tissue, these infections are predisposed to occur in tissues following traumatic or surgical injury.

➢ Staphylococcus aureus expresses the virulence factors coagulase and von Willebrand binding protein to stimulate coagulation and to form a fibrin abscess that protects it from host immune-cell phagocytosis. After the staphylococcal abscess community reaches quorum, which is the colony density that enables cell-to-cell communication and coordinated gene expression, subsequent expression of staphylokinase stimulates activation of fibrinolysis, which ruptures the abscess wall and results in bacterial dissemination.

➢ Unlike Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes expresses streptokinase and other virulence factors to activate fibrinolysis and to rapidly disseminate throughout the body, causing diseases such as necrotizing fasciitis.

➢ Understanding the virulence strategies of musculoskeletal pathogens will help to guide clinical diagnosis and decision-making through monitoring of acute-phase markers such as C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fibrinogen.
A review of the “venomous therocephalian” hypothesis and how multiple re-portrayals of Euchambersia have influenced its success and vice versa
Authors: Benoit Julien
Published: September 2016

Euchambersia mirabilis is unique amongst Permo-Triassic therapsids because it has an external maxillary fossa associated with a ridged canine. This anatomy led to the commonly accepted conclusion that the fossa accommodated a venom gland, which would make Euchambersia the earliest known venomous land vertebrate. Indeed, Euchambersia is considered to be the most robustly supported case of an extinct venomous species and serves as a model for infering envenoming capacity in fossil species. Here, a review of the literature on Euchambersia, with special emphasis on canine morphology, shows that this hypothesis is often based on inaccurate drawings of the canine and, for post-1986 authors, it is even based on the assumption that the canine of Euchambersia is grooved, whereas it is actually only ridged. This does not invalidate the venomous therocephalian hypothesis, but nevertheless emphasizes the critical importance of first hand observations of original material for any type of work in vertebrate paleontology. This review offers an interesting example of how observations and the resulting scientific hypotheses interact, grow, and can reciprocally influence each other.
Is Polymer Retention Different Under Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Conditions?
Authors: Wan Hao , Seright R. S.
Published: September 2016

This paper examines whether retention of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is different under anaerobic vs. aerobic conditions. Both static (mixing with loose sand) and dynamic methods (corefloods) were used to determine HPAM retention. There are both advantages and disadvantages associated with determining polymer retention with static tests vs. dynamic tests and with aerobic vs. anaerobic conditions. From static-retention measurements, polymer-adsorption values on pure silica sand or Berea sandstone were small, and they showed little difference between experiments conducted aerobically or anaerobically. For both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, HPAM retention increased significantly with increased pyrite or siderite content. Static retention under anaerobic conditions ranged from 45 to 75 µg/g with 1% of either pyrite or siderite to 137–174 µg/g for 10% pyrite or siderite to 1161–1249 µg/g for 100% pyrite or siderite.

If iron minerals are present, the most representative polymer-retention results are obtained (for both static and dynamic tests) if conditions are anaerobic. Retention values (from static measurements) under aerobic conditions were commonly twice those determined under anaerobic conditions. If iron minerals are present and retention tests are performed under aerobic conditions, total organic carbon (TOC) or some similar method should be used for polymer detection. Viscosity detection of polymer may provide retention values that are too high (because oxidative degradation can be misinterpreted as polymer retention). For a broad range of siderite content, retention from static tests did not depend on whether dissolved oxygen was present. However, for a broad range of pyrite content, HPAM retention was significantly lower in the absence of dissolved oxygen than under aerobic conditions. These results may be tied to iron solubility. When polymer solutions were mixed with 100% pyrite over the course of 12 hours, 360–480 ppm of iron dissolved into polymer solutions under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, whereas with 100% siderite, only 0.0–0.6 ppm of iron dissolved. If dynamic methods (i.e., corefloods) are used to determine polymer retention under aerobic conditions, flow rates should be representative of the field application. Rates that are too high lead to underestimation of polymer retention. With 10% pyrite, dynamic retention was 211 µg/g at 6 ft/D vs. 43.2 µg/g at 30 ft/D. In contrast, retention values were fairly consistent (40.6–47.8 µg/g) between 6 and 33 ft/D under anaerobic conditions.
Experimental Study of Paraffin Deposition Under Two-Phase Gas/Oil Slug Flow in Horizontal Pipes
Authors: Rittirong Ake , Panacharoensawad Ekarit , Sarica Cem
Published: September 2016

Paraffin or wax deposition under two-phase gas/oil slug flow in horizontal pipes is studied experimentally. The experiments are conducted by use of a 2.067-in., large-scale multiphase flow loop under an operating pressure of 350 psig. Testing fluids are Garden Banks condensate and natural gas. Two-phase-flow hydrodynamics and single-phase paraffin-deposition experiments are conducted and used as base cases for a comprehensive data analysis. Deposition experiments are conducted with parametric variation of oil and gas superficial velocities and testing durations of 4, 12, and 24 hours. The bulk fluid and initial pipe-wall temperatures at a removable spool piece are kept below wax-appearance temperature (WAT) and relatively constant to ensure consistent initial dissolved-wax-concentration differences and to avoid thermal restriction in the growth of the deposit. Unprecedented detailed measurement and analysis of the circumferential local samples are conducted by use of a newly designed pigging tool with high-temperature-gas-chromatography (HTGC) and differential-scanning-calorimetry (DSC) deposit-characterization techniques. The results reveal that deposit thickness decreases with the increase in the superficial liquid velocity (vSL) for all two-phase-flow cases. The crossover trends of the thickness vs. time are suggested by the single-phase deposition data to occur at times less than 6 hours. Circumferential analysis shows that, for the slug-flow wax deposit, the deposit at the top wall is thicker (by a factor of approximately 1.9), softer, and contains more oil than the bottom deposit. The final overall deposit wax contents are found to increase with the superficial gas velocity (vSG) for the case of vSL = 1 ft/sec, but nonmonotonic change occurs for the case of vSL = 3 ft/sec. Wax deposits under slug flow have longer chain n-alkane compared with single-phase flow having the same wax-fraction cases. Wax mass at the top wall is greater (by a factor of approximately 1.7) than the bottom mass. This new set of complete experimental data serves as the fundamental understanding of single-phase and two-phase gas/oil slug-flow paraffin deposition.
INVESTIGATION OF REMOVAL OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM AND DIVALENT COBALT FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY ORGANO-MONTMORILLONITE SUPPORTED IRON NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Prus Viktoriia , Zhdanyuk Nataliya
Published: September 2016

A new class of nanoscale zero-valent iron particles supported on natural montmorillonite and organo-montmorillonite were synthesized and the feasibility for the removal of and was examined through laboratory batch test. The X – ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum (FTIR) investigation has been applied for determination of the particle size and mechanism of remediation process. The aim of this study was to enhance the reduction of persistent environmental pollutants difficult to degrade by immobilization of nanoscale zero-valent iron on an organo-montmorillonite. Batch experiments indicated that the reduction of both and was much greater with organo-montmorillonite supported iron nanoparticles reaching removal rate up to 98.5% and 95.6% respectively at the initial metal concentrations of 50 mg/L. Iron and crystalline iron oxide were detected by X-ray diffraction patterns. In the FTIR spectrum, CH2 groups were found in iron nanoparticles supported on hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide modified montmorillonite (HDTMA-Mont/nZVI) particles but were significantly weakened in comparison with the spectrum of hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA). Other factor that affects the efficiency of heavy metals removal such as pH values was also investigated. The obtained data and review of the current literature have given the opportunity to figure out the mechanisms of and removal which may thus promote the industrial application of nZVI technique in environmental remediation by changing the hydrophilic – hydrophobic properties of source systems.
Managing Acute Phosphorus Loss with Fertilizer Source and Placement: Proof of Concept
Authors: Smith Douglas R. , Harmel R. Daren , Williams Mark , Haney Richard , King Kevin W.
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas

Up to 19% of common commercial P fertilizer applied to soil can be lost via runoff.

Liquid fertilizers or banding fertilizers 1 cm below the surface can reduce P loss.

Inherent fertility inefficiencies must be balanced with water quality concerns.

Surface water eutrophication is a pervasive global problem, with P losses from agriculture often identified as a significant contributor. This study was conducted to evaluate the implications of fertilizer source and placement on soluble P (SP) losses in runoff. Using the National P Runoff Project protocol, SP losses in runoff from eight P fertilizers broadcast on the soil surface and three P fertilizers banded 1 cm below the surface were compared with a nonfertilized control. Results showed that 16 to 19% of the surface‐applied inorganic P fertilizers was lost in one rainstorm, except for liquid polyphosphate, which lost less than 0.2% of the applied P. Banding monoammonium phosphate and poultry litter below the surface decreased SP loading by 98 and 84%, respectively. These results indicate that critical examination of current fertilizer management may be needed to diminish eutrophication while ensuring sufficient P for crop uptake.
Leadership aiming at innovation: suggesting and discussing four roles of an innovation leader
Authors: Skålsvik Hugo , Adriaenssen Daniel , Johannessen Jon-Arild
Published: September 2016

Organizations often experience problems and challenges due to the development of rigid bureaucratic rules and procedures, which may represent obstacles to creativity and innovation. In a global knowledge economy, innovation is an important competitive parameter. Consequently, anything that may stimulate innovation in an organization’s creative energy fields is valuable. This paper addresses one question: What management roles of an innovation leader may enhance the development of innovation in an organization’s creative energy fields? Methodology used is conceptual generalization. The article suggests, clarifies and discusses four roles of an innovation leader’s that may have a positive impact on an organization’s innovation performance in creative energy fields. The roles are conceptualized as “the innovation leader as an expert”, “the innovation leader as a reputation builder”, “the innovation leader as a relationship builder”, and the “innovation leader as a creative change force”. The article argues how these four roles are important in promoting innovation in organizations. By doing this, the article contributes to the extant knowledge on how four different roles of an innovation leader’s may enhance an organization’s innovation performance in creative energy fields.
Keywords: the knowledge society, innovation in organizations, creative energy fields, innovation leaders, roles of an innovation leader. JEL Classification: O31, O33, D83
Fault diagnosis method for spherical roller bearing of wind turbine based on variational mode decomposition and singular value decomposition
Authors: An Xueli , Zeng Hongtao
Published: September 2016

For the non-stationary characteristics of the vibration signal of wind turbine’s roller bearing in fault condition, a bearing fault diagnosis method based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed. The VMD method is used to decompose wind turbine’s roller bearing’s fault vibration signal into several components. These components are regard as initial feature vector matrix. The singular value decomposition of the matrix is done. The obtained singular value is used as the extracted bearing fault feature vectors. The probabilistic neural network is used as pattern recognition classifier to determine the working state and fault type of wind turbine roller bearings. The result of case study showed that the proposed method can effectively identify the working state and fault type of wind turbine roller bearings.
The effect of damage and temperature on electrical impedance of the PZT-beam coupled structure
Authors: Xu Guidong , Xu Baiqiang , Xu Chenguang , Luo Ying
Published: September 2016

A numerical model based on the spectral finite element method (SFEM) is proposed to predict the electromechanical impedance (EMI) spectra of the PZT transducer bonded beam. Fast and accurate simulation of the impedance signals from the PZT wafer can be achieved by SFEM. The proposed model includes the PZT wafer (actuator/sensor), beam structure and the coupled interaction between PZT wafer/beam structure, which predicts the frequency response function, the impedance response under damage and temperature variation effects. Numerical simulation algorithms are validated with both finite element analysis and experiments. The results show that the proposed model has capability of capturing the effect of damage and temperature effects on PZT transducer impedance with great accuracy, the existence of damage can be detected by evaluating the electromechanical impedance signals.
Improvement of ride performance with an active suspension based on fuzzy logic control
Authors: Nan Yanghai , Shi Wei , Fang Pan
Published: September 2016

The physiological and psychological effect of vehicle vibrations on passengers is still a challenging problem. Therefore, the passenger ride comfort, which depends on a combination of vehicle displacement (heave) and angular displacement (pitch), has been one of the major issues of vehicle design. This paper proposes a fuzzy logic control (FLC) strategy for active vehicle suspension system which is utilized to generate counter-force to isolate vibration from the rough ground. A four degree-of-freedom (DOF) half car mathematical model is firstly presented. And a “decoupling transformation” is applied to the translation and pitch motion. The hydraulic actuator is then introduced as well. Last the ADMAS control module is used to render co-simulation between ADAMS and MATLAB to verify efficiency of FLC and decoupling transformation. Compared with passive suspension system, it is indicated that the proposed active suspension system is very effective in reducing peak values of vehicle body accelerations, especially within the most sensitive frequency range of human response. The root mean square of vehicle vertical and pitch angle accelerations is reduced. Therefore, the ride comfort is improved.
Modal identification of Karun IV arch dam based on ambient vibration tests and seismic responses
Authors: Tarinejad R. , Falsafian K. , Aalami M. T. , Ahmadi M. T.
Published: September 2016

This paper focuses on the operational modal analysis of the Karun IV dam, the highest concrete arch dam in Iran, based on the responses obtained from ambient vibration tests, which are carried out on the dam during 19 March 2014, and 3 March 2015 earthquake with an epicenter about 133 km northeast of the dam. The non-parametric FDD-Wavelet method is used for identification and extraction of modal parameters including natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios. Nine and four natural frequencies are identified from ambient and seismic responses, respectively. Stabilization diagram and averaged coherence spectrum (ACS) are used to detect and eliminate spurious form true modes. Comparison of the results indicates that identification is performed properly and reliably.
Pressure ripple of gear pumps affected by air content on trapped volume
Authors: Hao Xiaoru , Zhou Xiaojun , Liu Xiaoguang , Sang Xiaohu
Published: September 2016

A general assumption about fluid power systems is that the pressure ripple of trapped volume is a primary source for fluid-borne noise. Whereas the high frequency vibration characteristics generated by pressure fluctuations of trapped volume are different under different air content in the oil. This paper presents the non-Newtonian fluid models to describe the oil flow condition in external gear pumps. In this analysis, pressure ripple due to compressibility of fluid is considered, and the effect of pressure ripple in the trapped volume of external gear pumps has been investigated by comparing with 8 % air content and 10 % air content in the oil. It was found that the amplitude of pressure fluctuation would drop about 2.5 MPa with the increase 2 % of the air content under the same conditions of load and speed. The whole work was performed on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) environment, an efficient tool for the simulation of dynamic engineering systems, and more particularly of fluid power.
Dynamic model and ADRC of a novel water-air unmanned vehicle for water entry with in-ground effect
Authors: Qi Duo , Feng Jinfu , Li Yongli
Published: September 2016

The class of vehicles that can move both in the air and underwater has been of great interest for decades. A novel water-air unmanned vehicle with double quadrotor structure is designed in this study. The air power mechanism works when the vehicle flies in the air, whereas the water power mechanism works when it moves underwater. The water entry process of water-air unmanned vehicle requires accurate attitude and height control, or the vehicle may bounce off or overturn. However, a force resisting its descent known as in-ground effect will affect its stability. The in-ground effect formula of the water entry process is derived by experiments, and the water entry dynamic model is improved at the same time. An active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is designed for the control of water entry attitude and height. Experimental results obtained from the comparison of the ADRC and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller show that the ADRC designed in this study is more robust than the PID controller for the internal coupling and external disturbance on the vehicle. Moreover, the ADRC can meet the requirements of rapid attitude adjustment and accurate height control.
Experimental evaluation of a low pressure desalination system (NF-PV), without battery support, for application in sustainable agriculture in rural areas
Authors: Dehesa-Carrasco U. , Ramírez-Luna J. J. , Calderón-Mólgora C. , Villalobos-Hernández R. S. , Flores-Prieto J. J.
Published: September 2016

Desalination driven by solar energy represents an appealing solution for agricultural irrigation in remote areas. In this work, a desalination system based on a photovoltaic-powered nanofiltration (NF-PV) membrane is studied. The experimental work explored the effect of the influent concentration and solar radiation on permeate production, energy consumption, recovery rate and quality of the permeate product. Four cases of different inlet conditions of influent concentrations were studied. In each set, the influent concentration was kept constant, varying only the irradiance along the solar day. In addition, a unit cost of permeated water was estimated. The maximum tested energy consumption was 1.55 Kwh m−3, with a concentration of 2,539 mg L−1 of total dissolved solids. The NF-PV system produces 2.16 to 4.8 m3 d−1, with a permeate water unit cost of 1.05–0.47 US$ m−3.
Evaluation of yield, quality and crop water stress index of sugar beet under different irrigation regimes
Authors: Bahmani Omid , Sabziparvar Ali Akbar , Khosravi Rezvan
Published: September 2016

This study was carried out to evaluate the use of the crop water stress index (CWSI) for irrigation scheduling of sugar beet for two years under the semi arid climate of Iran. Statistical relationships between CWSI and yield, quality parameters and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were investigated. Irrigations were scheduled based on 100 (I100), 85 (I85), 70 (I50) and 0% (I0) of plant water requirement. CWSI values were calculated from the measurements of canopy temperatures by infrared thermometer, air temperatures and vapor pressure deficit values for all the irrigated treatments. The highest IWUE was found in I70 with 9.16 and 1.66 kg m−3 for the root and sugar yield, respectively, in 2013. A non-water stressed baseline (lower line) equation for sugar beet was measured from full irrigated plots as (Tc − Ta)ll = −0.832VPD + 2.1811; R2 = 0.6508. There was a high determination coefficient between CWSI with the root and sugar yield and IWUE. The CWSI could be used to determine the irrigation time of sugar beet, and 0.3 could be offered as a threshold value. Results indicated that the CWSI can be used to evaluate crop water stress and improve irrigation scheduling for sugar beet under semiarid conditions.
Adsorption performance of coconut shell activated carbon for the removal of chlorate from chlor-alkali brine stream
Authors: Lakshmanan Shyam , Murugesan Thanapalan
Published: September 2016

Activated carbon from coconut shell was used to investigate the adsorption of chlorate from a chlor-alkali plant's brine stream. The effect of pH, flowrate, chlorate and chloride concentration on the breakthrough curves were studied in small-scale column trials. The results obtained show enhanced adsorption at low flowrates, higher chlorate concentrations, and at a pH of 10. These studies show that introducing an activated carbon adsorption column just before the saturator would remove sufficient quantities of chlorate to allow more of the chlor-alkali plant's brine stream to be reused. From column dynamic studies, the Thomas model showed close approximation when the chlorate in the effluent was higher than breakthrough concentrations and there was close correlation at high influent concentration. The qo (maximum adsorption capacity) values were close to those obtained experimentally, indicating close representation of the breakthrough curve by the Thomas model.
Inserção social da pós-graduação brasileira: estudo de mestrados profissionais da área de Planejamento Urbano e Regional
Authors: Pessôa Mariana Monteiro , Piquet Rosélia , Vilani Rodrigo Machado
Published: September 2016

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a inserção social de programas profissionais da área de Planejamento Urbano e Regional. A discussão vai ao encontro das preocupações com a contribuição da atividade acadêmica para o aprimoramento da gestão pública e das demandas da sociedade brasileira. A análise privilegiou a inserção social dos programas entre os critérios de avaliação adotados pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). Optou-se por uma metodologia quali-quantitativa, pautada na pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e na leitura técnica da produção científica (dissertação) dos programas selecionados. Esta pesquisa se propôs a verificar se as dissertações produzidas pelos programas de mestrado profissional analisados contribuem para o conhecimento das regiões em que se localizam, tornando-se, assim, recursos da ciência e do conhecimento para o aprimoramento da gestão pública e para a redução da dívida social. Concluiu-se pela aderência das dissertações defendidas e pelo fortalecimento das ações da Capes na exigência da inserção social como balizador das pesquisas e intervenções técnico-científicas.
Doctorado en Antropologia (UBA-Argentina) y maestría en Estudios Fronterizos (UFMS-Brasil): experiencias de investigación aplicada en intercambios internacionales
Authors: Valverde Sebastián , Machado de Oliveira Marco Aurelio
Published: September 2016

Este artigo se propõe a apresentar as experiências relacionadas à aplicação de pesquisas e de transferências de resultados nos âmbitos do Mestrado em Estudos Fronteiriços (MEF), da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, e do curso de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia, da Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, da Universidad de Buenos Aires. Trata de experiências de pesquisas aplicadas por equipes de ambos os programas de pós-graduação, bem como da forma como a parceria estabelecida a partir do desenvolvimento do Projeto “Fronteiras”, financiado pela Coordenação de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), pelo Brasil, e pela Secretaria de Políticas Universitarias (SPU), pela Argentina, proporcionou melhorias nas ferramentas metodológicas utilizadas nas atividades de pesquisa. O artigo traz uma série de reflexões que permitem comparar as experiências desenvolvidas em ambos os programas de pós-graduação. Primeiramente, os pesquisadores da UBA relatam suas experiências com os povos indígenas em situação de fronteira, abordando diversos problemas que a comunidade demanda, buscando contribuir para a construção de soluções. Posteriormente, são apresentados os trabalhos desenvolvidos pelos pesquisadores do MEF junto a instituições e órgãos que atuam diretamente com imigrantes em região de fronteira, da mesma maneira que os da UBA, aplicando as pesquisas e transferindo os melhores resultados.
Molecular Modeling and Structural Analysis of Some Snake Venom Specific Toxin Proteins and Cognate Non-Toxin Proteins of Other Chordates
Authors: Panda Subhamay , Chandra Goutam
Published: September 2016

Background: Protein three-dimensional structures are very much important
in terms of functional and evolutionary context. In the present work we evaluated the
snake venom constituent cytotoxin, short neurotoxin and related non-toxin proteins of
other chordates with reference to structure prediction, validation of the models,
distribution of secondary structural elements, hydrophobicity molecular surface
analysis, functional annotation and functionally critical binding site identification with
the assistance of different bioinformatical tools.

Methods: Homology models have been generated with the help of Swiss-model and ITASSER
suite during the present study. Afterwards the refined structural models were
validated with standard methods. For functional annotation of protein molecules we
used Protein Information Resource (PIR) database. The functionally critical amino acids
and ligand- binding site (LBS) of the proteins (modeled) was determined using the
COACH program.

Results: Structural analysis of snake venom toxin proteins and related non-toxin
proteins of other chordates elucidated their structural level conservation of molecular
structural surfaces and biophysical characteristics to different extents. Different
structural level improvement strategies were observed which are necessary for better
system dependent adaptation to diverse biological environment and functional
necessities of these protein molecules.

Conclusion: Molecular models and their structural characterization of these proteins as
documented in this study may provide a valuable aid for drug designing in future.
Клініко-анатомічна характеристика ушкоджень опорно-рухової системи у постраждалих, яким на стаціонарному етапі надається медична допомога в умовах притрасової районної лікарні
Authors: Berezka M.I. , Sukhanov V.V.
Published: September 2016

Метою дослідження було вивчення клініко-анатомічних характеристик ушкоджень опорно-рухової системи у постраждалих, яким на стаціонарному етапі була надана медична допомога в умовах притрасової районної лікарні. Матеріали та методи. Розглянуто 298 випадків ушкоджень опорно-рухового апарату у 111 постраждалих із політравмою внаслідок ДТП, яким надавалася допомога в умовах притрасової районної лікарні міста Ізюма. Усіх постраждалих було розподілено на групи за локалізацією ушкоджень опорно-рухової системи. Дослідження та порівняння показників проводили в контрольованих рандомізованих групах, сформованих за ознакою результату перебігу травматичного процесу та характеристикою ушкодження. Розрахунки проводилися відповідно до критеріїв та вимог доказової медицини, тому всі положення та висновки знаходяться в межах поля вірогідності. Результати. Виявлено, що найбільш часто у хворих, які вижили, зустрічається ушкодження проксимального відділу нижньої кінцівки. У хворих, які померли, найбільш часто зустрічається ушкодження проксимального відділу верхньої кінцівки. Найбільший ризик виникнення летального наслідку перебігу травматичного процесу виникає при ушкодженні хребта. Висновки. Проведений поліхоричний аналіз даних довів, що між ознакою характеру ушкоджень опорно-рухової системи та результатом перебігу травматичного процесу існує позитивний, помірний та вірогідний зв’язок (φ2 = 0,087; C = 0,283; χ2 = 25,926), а викладене вище положення знаходиться в межах поля вірогідності.
Інновації в консервативному лікуванні вродженої клишоногості в дітей до 1 року життя
Authors: Levytskyi A.F. , Karabeniuk O.V. , Holubenko O.O.
Published: September 2016

Мета: аналіз ефективності консервативного лікування вродженої клишоногості в дітей першого року життя за методами Т.С. Зацепіна та І. Понсеті з використанням запропонованих нами нововведень. Матеріал та методи роботи. Було проведено аналіз лікування 71 дитини (89 стоп) з ідіопатичною вродженою клишоногістю, які перебували на стаціонарному та амбулаторному лікуванні в національній дитячій спеціалізованій лікарні «Охматдит» за період з 2008 по 2015 рік. Висновок. За результатами лікування дітей першого року життя можна зробити висновок, що як при використанні методу як Зацепіна, так і при використанні методу Понсеті в найближчому періоді були отримані добрі результати в 91,0 та в 94,7 % випадків відповідно. Проте у віддаленому періоді при використанні методу Понсеті добрі результати відмічались у 83,3 %, а при лікуванні за Зацепіним — у 55,6 %. Отже, при лікуванні за Понсеті були отримані більш якісні результати, скорочено строк гіпсування (з 6–8 місяців до 4–7 тижнів), а також перебування в стаціонарі. Використання ультразвукового дослідження ахілового сухожилка до та після ахіллотомії дозволяє вірогідно підтвердити його перетин, дослідити етапи повного функціонального відновлення. Використання даного підходу забезпечує повну корекцію підошовного згинання стопи після виконання ахілотомії та дозволяє знизити відсоток рецидивів. Аналіз незадовільних результатів лікування показав, що чим старший пацієнт, тим нижча ефективність застосування традиційного методу Зацепіна.
Порівняльна характеристика ефективності оперативного лікування хворих із черезвертлюжними переломами стегнової кістки з використанням інтрамедулярних блокованих стрижней і тотального ендопротезування кульшового суглоба
Authors: Malyk V.D. , Kalashnikov A.V.
Published: September 2016

З метою визначення оптимальної тактики оперативного втручання у хворих із черезвертлюжними переломами виконано комплексне клінічне дослідження. Матеріалом дослідження став аналіз історій хвороб, рентгенограм і клінічне обстеження 100 хворих із черезвертлюжними переломами стегнової кістки. Всі хворі були розподілені на дві групи залежно від використаного методу оперативного втручання. Першу групу становили хворі, яким проводилось тотальне ендопротезування кульшового суглоба. До другої групи увійшли хворі, яким проводили блокований інтрамедулярний остеосинтез. Переважно мінімально інвазивне оперативне втручання у групі хворих, яким виконувався інтрамедулярний блокований остеосинтез, дозволило знизити порівняно з групою, де хворим виконувалось тотальне ендопротезування кульшового суглоба, у 4 рази кількість післяопераційних гнійних ускладнень, у 5 разів — летальність і в 5,5 раза зменшити кількість негативних результатів оперативного втручання. Виконання ендопротезування у хворих із черезвертлюжними переломами стегнової кістки повинно виконуватись за чіткими абсолютними показаннями, до яких належить супутня IV стадія коксартрозу у травмованих осіб. Інтрамедулярний блокований остеосинтез може бути рекомендований як основний метод оперативного лікування хворих із черезвертлюжними переломами стегнової кістки.
До питання застосування консервативного та оперативного методів лікування діафізарних переломів довгих кісток
Authors: Bilinskyi P.I. , Andreichyn V.A.
Published: September 2016

Піддано аналізу сучасний стан застосування консервативного й оперативного методів лікування діафізарних переломів. Розглянуто роль репозиції, оперативних і консервативних методів лікування діафізарних переломів, виділені фактори впливу на зрощення кісткових фрагментів.
Хірургічна тактика лікування вогнепальних поранень кінцівок в умовах багатопрофільної лікарні
Authors: Loskutov O.Ye. , Zherdev I.I. , Domanskyi A.M. , Korol S.O.
Published: September 2016

Із зони антитерористичної операції в приймальному відділенні лікарні ім. І.І. Мечникова в період з 09.05.2014 р. по 09.01.16 р. було прийнято 1809 пацієнтів з вогнепальними пораненнями. Серед загальної кількості постраждалих у 978 (54 %) були вогнепальні поранення кінцівок. У кожному третьому випадку (у 31,5 %) відмічались вогнепальні переломи. Тактика лікування вогнепальних поранень залежала від тяжкості стану постраждалих. У стабільних хворих (90,8 %) при вогнепальних переломах виконували хірургічну обробку перелому й остеосинтез апаратом зовнішньої фіксації. У нестабільних і критичних хворих (9,2 %) з пошкодженнями кісток застосовували тактику damage control. Вогнепальні поранення кінцівок є тяжкими пошкодженнями, і основним принципом їх лікування є послідовна первинна й повторна хірургічна обробка ран. Виконана одночасно з комплексною протишоковою терапією, вона запобігає розвитку тяжких гнійних ускладнень, навіть при значних пошкодженнях.
Взаємозв’язок показників автоімунореактивності та судинорухової функції ендотелію у пацієнтів із початковими проявами хронічної ішемії мозку
Authors: Trishchynska M.A.
Published: September 2016

Вступ. Артеріальна гіпертензія (АГ) є одним з основних модифікованих судинних факторів ризику хронічної ішемії мозку (ХІМ). Ендотеліальна дисфункція супроводжує АГ і претендує на роль одного з патогенетичних механізмів розвитку ХІМ. Нами проведено дослідження, метою якого була оцінка показників автоімунореактивності до структурних компонентів серцево-судинної системи залежно від наявності АГ і ендотеліальної дисфункції у пацієнтів із початковими проявами ХІМ. Матеріал і методи. Нами було обстежено 55 осіб середнього віку (51,3 ± 7,0 року) з початковими проявами ХІМ. Усім пацієнтам проводилися загальноклінічне, клініко-неврологічне, клініко-інструментальні та клініко-лабораторні обстеження. Рівень автоантитіл (автоАТ) до антигенів тромбоцитів, кардіоміоцитів і ендотелію судин у сироватці крові пацієнтів визначали за методикою О.Б. Полетаєва. Ендотеліальна функція оцінювалася за показниками потокозалежної вазодилатації, рівнем нітриту та ендотеліну‑1. Результати та обговорення. Пацієнти з АГ та особи без АГ статистично значущо відрізнялися лише за рівнями автоАТ до PAPP-A та СоМ‑02. Залежно від ступеня відхилення артеріального тиску (АТ) (АГ І та ІІ ступеня, клінічна артеріальна гіпотензія або нормальний АТ) пацієнти відрізнялися лише за показниками середнього індивідуального рівня імунореактивності (СІРІ) (р = 0,001) та рівнем автоАТ до ДНК (р = 0,015). Статистичний аналіз показав, що пацієнти з АГ (І та ІІ стадії) та особи без АГ статистично значущо відрізнялися за показником СІРІ (χ2(3) = 11,5; р = 0,009) і рівнем автоАТ до ДНК (χ2(3) = 8,6; р = 0,04). Відсоток потокозалежної вазодилатації статистично значущо корелював з СІРІ (r = 0,409; p = 0,003), а також із рівнем автоАТ до с-ANCA (r = –0,309; p = 0,027) та білка PAPP-A (r = 0,361; p = 0,009). Оцінка судинорухової функції ендотелію за вмістом біохімічних маркерів виявила, що рівень нітриту статистично значущо корелював з відносним умістом автоАТ до СоS‑05 (r = 0,326; p = 0,033) та с-ANCA (r = –0,312; p = 0,042) на відміну від ендотеліну‑1, з рівнем якого не було виявлено статистично значущих кореляційних зв’язків. Висновки. За оцінкою показників автоімунореактивності у пацієнтів із початковими проявами ХІМ залежно від ступеня порушення АТ у пацієнтів з АГ спостерігалося підвищення активності кардіодистрофічних процесів на фоні порушення регулюючих впливів на ліпідний і вуглеводний обмін порівняно з особами без АГ. У міру розвитку ендотеліальної дисфункції, за даними компресійної проби у пацієнтів із початковими проявами ХІМ, спостерігалася тенденція до зниження рівня імунореактивності, активації ендотелію та порушення регулювання ліпідного і вуглеводного обміну.
Анестезіологічне забезпечення у хворих на епілепсію
Authors: Boduliev O.Yu. , Sanyk O.V.
Published: September 2016

Епілепсія є однією із найбільш частих неврологічних хвороб і зустрічається майже в 1 % світової популяції. Хворі на епілепсію потребують анестезіологічного забезпечення при планових чи екстрених оперативних втручаннях, інвазивних діагностичних процедурах, пологах, стоматологічній допомозі тощо. Анестезія в пацієнтів з епілепсією має свої особливості з огляду на можливість розвитку нападів під час знеболювання та хірургічного втручання. Важливим є передопераційне ведення: з’ясування етіології, типу та частоти судомних нападів, факторів, що провокують напад, режиму прийому протиепілептичних препаратів. Основні протиепілептичні препарати можуть взаємодіяти з іншими ліками, у тому числі з анестетиками, знижувати їх ефективність або, навпаки, викликати збільшення їх концентрації в крові й токсичні побічні дії. Загальні анестетики (інгаляційні та внутрішньовенні) мають різний вплив на епілептичні процеси в головному мозку. Деякі з них можуть провокувати епілептичні напади залежно від їх дози. Застосування одних анестетиків може бути рекомендоване в пацієнтів з епілепсією, а інших — протипоказане. Важливо не пропустити під час анестезії розвитку епілептичного нападу, що може бути замаскований унаслідок застосування міорелаксантів. Регіонарна анестезія в більшості випадків є безпечнішою за загальну анестезію. У післяопераційному періоді слід відновити прийом протиепілептичних препаратів так швидко, як це можливо. У разі розвитку епілептичних нападів у періопераційному періоді важливо їх вчасно діагностувати й купірувати.
POR QUE NÃO PODEMOS VIVER, COMO NA GRÉCIA ANTIGA, EM UMA DEMOCRACIA DIRETA? UMA ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO “DA LIBERDADE DOS ANTIGOS COMPARADA À DOS MODERNOS” DE BENJAMIN CONSTANT
Authors: Barros Renato Padilha
Published: September 2016

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AS LIMITAÇÕES DO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO
Authors: Carvalho Ana Isabel
Published: September 2016

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AQUECIMENTO GLOBAL: UMA VISÃO CRÍTICA SOBRE O MOVIMENTO AMBIENTAL MAIS DISCUTIDO DE TODOS OS TEMPOS
Authors: Alves Amanda Cristina Graf
Published: September 2016

Ensaio
DIREITOS HUMANOS INTERNACIONAIS E SUA APLICABILIDADE EM TERRITÓRIO BRASILEIRO: CONCEITO DE AGREGAÇÃO E DE DESAGREGAÇÃO NORMATIVA
Authors: Cunha Luis Emmanuel Barbosa
Published: September 2016

Ensaio
DAS INTERVENÇÕES HUMANITÁRIAS NO CENÁRIO PÓS-GUERRA FRIA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DA SOMÁLIA – 1993 A 1995
Authors: Azevedo Catarina Cabral
Published: September 2016

Artigo
Geometric morphometrics of functionally distinct floral organs in Iris pumila: Analyzing patterns of symmetric and asymmetric shape variations
Authors: Radovic Sanja , Urosevic Aleksandar , Hocevar Katarina , Vuleta Ana , Manitasevic-Jovanovic Sanja , Tucic Branka
Published: September 2016

The Iris flower is a complex morphological structure composed of two
trimerous whorls of functionally distinct petaloid organs (the falls and the
standards), one whorl of the stamens and one tricarpellary gynoecium. The
petal-like style arms of the carpels are banded over the basal part of the
falls, forming three pollination tunnels, each of which is perceived by the
Iris pollinators as a single bilaterally symmetrical flower. Apart from the
stamens, all petaloid floral organs are preferentially involved in
advertising rewards to potential pollinators. Here we used the methods of
geometric morphometrics to explore the shape variation in falls, standards
and style arms of the Iris pumila flowers and to disentangle the symmetric
and the asymmetric component of the total shape variance. Our results show
that symmetric variation contributes mostly to the total shape variance in
each of the three floral organs. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) was the dominant
component of the asymmetric shape variation in the falls and the standards,
but appeared to be marginally significant in the style arms. The values of FA
indexes for the shape of falls (insects? landing platforms) and for the shape
of standards (long-distance reward signals) were found to be two orders of
magnitude greater compared to that of the style arms. Directional asymmetry
appeared to be very low, but highly statistically significant for all
analyzed floral organs. Because floral symmetry can reliably indicate the
presence of floral rewards, an almost perfect symmetry recorded for the style
arm shape might be the outcome of pollinator preferences for symmetrical
pollination units.
A new technology for solving diffusion and heat equations
Authors: Yang Xiao-Jun , Gao Feng
Published: September 2016

In this paper, a new technology combing the variational iterative method and
an integral transform similar to Sumudu transform is proposed for the first
time for solutions of diffusion and heat equations. The method is accurate
and efficient in development of approximate solutions for the partial
differential equations.
Mathematical modeling of fish burger baking using fractional calculus
Authors: Bainy Eduarda , Lenzi Ervin , Corazza Marcos , Lenzi Marcelo
Published: September 2016

Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) is the most important and abundant fish species in
Brazil due to its adaptability to different environments. The development of
tilapia-based products could be an alternative in order to aggregate value
and increase fish meat consumption. However, there is little information
available on fishburger freezing and cooking in the literature. In this work,
the mathematical modeling of the fish burger baking was studied. Previously
to the baking process, the fishburgers were assembled in cylindrical shape of
height equal to 8mm and diameter 100mm and then baked in an electrical oven
with forced heat convection at 150?C. A T-type thermocouple was inserted in
the burger to obtain its temperature profile at the central position. In
order to describe the temperature of the burger during the baking process,
lumped-parameter models of integer and fractional order and also a nonlinear
model due to heat capacity temperature dependence were considered. The burger
physical properties were obtained from the literature. After proper parameter
estimation tasks and statistical validation, the fractional order model could
better describe the experimental temperature behavior, a value of 0.91?0.02
was obtained for the fractional order of the system with correlation
coefficient of 0.99. Therefore, with the better temperature prediction,
process control and economic optimization studies of the baking process can
be conducted.
A fractional model for time-variant non-Newtonian flow
Authors: Yang Xu , Chen Wen , Xiao Rui , Ling Leevan
Published: September 2016

This work applies a fractional flow model to describe a time-variant behavior
of non-Newtonian substances. Specifically, we model the physical mechanism
underlying the thixotropic and anti-thixotropic phenomena of non-Newtonian
flow. This study investigates the behaviors of cellulose suspensions and SMS
pastes under constant shear rate. The results imply that the presented model
with only two parameters is adequate to fit experimental data. Moreover, the
parameter of fractional order is an appropriate index to characterize the
state of given substances. Its value indicates the extent of thixotropy and
anti-thixotropy with positive and negative order respectively.