bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MIGRAÇÃO E SELETIVIDADE NO ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO E NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE VITÓRIA: CONSIDERAÇÕES A PARTIR DOS CENSOS DEMOGRÁFICOS/Migration and selectivity in the state of Espírito Santo and the Great Vitória’s Area Metropolitan: considerations regarding Brazilian demographic Census
Authors: Correia Isac Alves , Ojima Ricardo
Published: January 2018

O objetivo desse artigo é testar a hipóteses de seleção positiva dos migrantes para o recorte estudado. A fonte de dados utilizada consiste nos microdados do Censo Demográfico 2010. Adota-se o modelo de regressão logística para testar a seletividade dos migrantes. Os principais resultados mostram uma razão de chance de ser migrante crescente conforme a idade, com OR de 11,45 (IC=3,62-36,24) para migrantes intermunicipais da RMV de 65 anos e mais em comparando-se com categoria de referência (15-19 anos) e que os migrantes interestaduais com destino a RMV tendem a ser do sexo feminino, mais escolarizados e auferem maiores rendimentos. Já os migrantes interestaduais, com relação ao restante da população, tendem a ser mais escolarizados e de cor/raça preta ou parda; para as variáveis idade e renda não houve associação. Assim, a migração tem se constituído um elemento importante para a região de destino com um incremento da renda nas escalas estadual e metropolitana, com a chegada de trabalhadores mais qualificados e experientes. Porém, a atração por migrantes mais envelhecidos aliada às mudanças nos comportamentos demográficos e a transição urbana representam desafios importantes, especialmente para as políticas públicas ligadas à saúde, previdência e mercado de trabalho.ABSTRACTThe objective of this article is to test the hypotheses of positive selection of the migrants for the case studied. The main data source used consists of the microdata of the Demographic Census 2010. The logistic regression model is used to test the selectivity of the migrants. The main results show an increasing odds ratio increasing as the age increases, with OR of 11.45 (CI = 3.62-36.24) for intermunicipal migrants from RMGV of 65 years and over when compared to the reference category (15-19 years) and that the interstate migrants to the RMGV tend to be female, more educated and earn higher incomes. On the other hand, the interstate migrants, with respect to the rest of the population, tend to have scholarity more elevated and to be of black or brown race/color; For the variables age and income there was no association. Thus, migration has become an important element for the destination region with an increase in income on the state and metropolitan scales, with the arrival of more skilled and experienced workers. However, the attraction of older migrants coupled with shifts in demographic behavior and urban transition present major challenges, especially for public policies relating to health, welfare and the labor market. Keywords: Migration; Migrant Characteristics; Regional development
RENOVACIÓN URBANA DEL CENTRO HISTÓRICO DE BOGOTA D.C. (COLOMBIA). DEL BARRIO SANTA BÁRBARA AL BRONX, UN LEGADO DE DESPLAZAMIENTO Y GENTRIFICACIÓN/Urban renewal on the historical downtown of Bogotá D.C. (Colombia). From the Santa Bárbara neighborhood to the Bronx, a displacement and gentrification legacy
Authors: Villegas Guillermo , Villegas Juan Guillermo
Published: January 2018

Este artículo se deriva de un proyecto investigativo que apunta al análisis del estado del arte sobre la gentrificación urbana en Colombia. La sistematización de investigaciones y artículos afines al desplazamiento, acompañada de un marco de referencia soportado en la gentrificación, la renta diferencial –rent gap- y el acoso –mobbing- inmobiliario, ayudaron a la reinterpretación de tales investigaciones para concluir de éstas el uso de un mecanismo para desplazar. Concretamente se puntualiza en lo sucedido en barrios del centro de Bogotá, desde la renovación urbana en Santa Bárbara (1980), calificada como inmoral, hasta las intervenciones en Santa Inés -El cartucho- (1998) y en el Voto Nacional -El Bronx- (2016), para develar la instrumentalización de ciertos seres humanos en la aplicación estrategias de acoso inmobiliario para desplazar disimuladamente, desvalorizar propiedades, especular con el suelo y de paso alentar la gentrificación. ABSTRACTThis paper is derived from a research project seeking to analyze the state of the art on urban gentrification in Colombia. A systematic literature review around displacement was carried out accompanied by a reference framework on gentrification, differential rent -rent gap– and real estate “mobbing”, which lead to a reinterpretation of such research works to conclude from these the use of a mechanism for displacement. Specifically, this study focuses on the experiences in neighborhoods in Bogota’s downtown; from the urban renewal in Santa Barbara (1980) qualified as immoral, to the interventions in Santa Inés -El Cartucho- (1998) and in Voto Nacional - El Bronx- (2016), whereupon, it was revealed a human instrumentation in the deployment of real estate “mobbing”, towards disguising displacement, devaluating properties, speculating with land and, in the meantime, encouraging gentrification.Keywords: Gentrification, rent gap, real estate mobbing
Satellite tagging highlights the importance of productive Mozambican coastal waters to the ecology and conservation of whale sharks
Authors: Rohner Christoph A. , Richardson Anthony J. , Jaine Fabrice R. A. , Bennett Michael B. , Weeks Scarla J. , Cliff Geremy , Robinson David P. , Reeve-Arnold Katie E. , Pierce Simon J.
Published: January 2018

The whale sharkRhincodon typusis an endangered, highly migratory species with a wide, albeit patchy, distribution through tropical oceans. Ten aerial survey flights along the southern Mozambican coast, conducted between 2004–2008, documented a relatively high density of whale sharks along a 200 km stretch of the Inhambane Province, with a pronounced hotspot adjacent to Praia do Tofo. To examine the residency and movement of whale sharks in coastal areas around Praia do Tofo, where they may be more susceptible to gill net entanglement, we tagged 15 juveniles with SPOT5 satellite tags and tracked them for 2–88 days (mean = 27 days) as they dispersed from this area. Sharks travelled between 10 and 2,737 km (mean = 738 km) at a mean horizontal speed of 28 ± 17.1 SD km day−1. While several individuals left shelf waters and travelled across international boundaries, most sharks stayed in Mozambican coastal waters over the tracking period. We tested for whale shark habitat preferences, using sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-aconcentration and water depth as variables, by computing 100 random model tracks for each real shark based on their empirical movement characteristics. Whale sharks spent significantly more time in cooler, shallower water with higher chlorophyll-aconcentrations than model sharks, suggesting that feeding in productive coastal waters is an important driver of their movements. To investigate what this coastal habitat choice means for their conservation in Mozambique, we mapped gill nets during two dedicated aerial surveys along the Inhambane coast and counted gill nets in 1,323 boat-based surveys near Praia do Tofo. Our results show that, while whale sharks are capable of long-distance oceanic movements, they can spend a disproportionate amount of time in specific areas, such as along the southern Mozambique coast. The increasing use of drifting gill nets in this coastal hotspot for whale sharks is likely to be a threat to regional populations of this iconic species.
3D Bioprinting of Self‐Standing Silk‐Based Bioink
Authors: Zheng Zhaozhu , Wu Jianbing , Liu Meng , Wang Heng , Li Chunmei , Rodriguez María J. , Li Gang , Wang Xiaoqin , Kaplan David L.
Published: January 2018

Silk/polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels are studied as self‐standing bioinks for 3D printing for tissue engineering. The two components of the bioink, silk fibroin protein (silk) and PEG, are both Food and Drug Administration approved materials in drug and medical device products. Mixing PEG with silk induces silk β‐sheet structure formation and thus gelation and water insolubility due to physical crosslinking. A variety of constructs with high resolution, high shape fidelity, and homogeneous gel matrices are printed. When human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are premixed with the silk solution prior to printing and the constructs are cultured in this medium, the cell‐loaded constructs maintain their shape over at least 12 weeks. Interestingly, the cells grow faster in the higher silk concentration (10%, w/v) gel than in lower ones (7.5 and 5%, w/v), likely due to the difference in material stiffness and the amount of residual PEG remaining in the gel related to material hydrophobicity. Subcutaneous implantation of 7.5% (w/v) bioink gels with and without printed fibroblast cells in mice reveals that the cells survive and proliferate in the gel matrix for at least 6 week postimplantation. The results suggest that these silk/PEG bioink gels may provide suitable scaffold environments for cell printing and function.
Bioinspired Interfacial Materials: From Binary Cooperative Complementary Interfaces to Superwettability Systems
Authors: Fang Ruochen , Liu Mingjie , Liu Hongliang , Jiang Lei
Published: January 2018

In this review, the binary cooperative complementary principle, which applies to two complementary states, has been proposed as a powerful law for construction of novel functional interfacial materials. The idea is to tune the distance between these two complementary components to match the characteristic length of certain physical interactions so that the cooperation between these complementary building blocks becomes dominant and thus endows the interfacial materials with unique properties. Since 2000, the binary cooperative complementarity for design of bioinspired superwettability systems has been applied by regulating the structural roughness to ≈100 nm to match the characteristic length of the hydrophobic interaction. It has been proved that the binary cooperative complementary law gains great success in constructing bioinspired superwettability systems. It is believed that much more novel interfacial materials with unique multifunctions will be generated following the binary cooperative complementary principle.
Multiwavelength Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using Rainbow Trapping in Width‐Graded Plasmonic Gratings
Authors: Kazemi‐Zanjani Nastaran , Shayegannia Moein , Prinja Rajiv , Montazeri Arthur O. , Mohammadzadeh Aliakbar , Dixon Katelyn , Zhu Siqi , Selvaganapathy Ponnambalam R. , Zavodni Anna , Matsuura Naomi , Kherani Nazir P.
Published: January 2018

Plasmonic gratings of rectangular groove profile with gradient in the groove width perform as unique surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates by simultaneously confining multiple laser wavelengths proximally and inside their rectangular nanotrenches. These gratings consist of a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) groove of 40 nm width at the center, surrounded by grooves with widths increasing in 10 nm steps to a maximum of 180 nm. It is experimentally shown and theoretically confirmed that upon illumination a maximally enhanced electromagnetic field is generated at the center of these gratings as a result of plasmonic light trapping as well as waveguiding produced by the surrounding grooves. SERS enhancement factors of 106–107 are demonstrated for 20 μL min−1 flow of 1 × 10−3m aqueous phospholipid solution using 532, 638, and 785 nm laser illumination of the gratings integrated within microfluidic devices. These robust multiwavelength SERS substrates offer highly reproducible plasmonic field enhancement that can be tuned to cover broad wavelength ranges within the visible and near‐infrared regime and are ideal for static and dynamic characterization of low concentration species. Further, the multispectral characteristic of these gratings facilitates multiplexing through various laser wavelengths thereby making it possible to readily access weak or silent Raman modes.
Regioselective Synthesis of Angular Isocoumarinselenazoles: A Benzoselenazole‐directed, Site‐specific, Ruthenium‐catalyzed C(sp2)‐H Activation
Authors: Dhole Sandip , Liao Jen‐Yu , Kumar Sunil , Salunke Deepak B. , Sun Chung‐Ming
Published: January 2018

The synthesis of new, angular isocoumarinselenazoles is described, which involves the construction of 2‐amino benzoselenazoles and their regioselective C2N‐alkylation and alkyne insertion. An expeditious and metal‐free synthesis of 2‐aminobenzoselenazoles by the reaction of methyl 3‐amino‐4‐fluorobenzoate and isoselenocyanates was achieved. Further N‐alkylation of the 2‐aminobenzoselenazoles resulted the formation of two regioisomers with different reactivities towards the alkyne insertion. The regioselective construction of the α‐pyrone ring on the benzo[1,3‐d]selenazole skeleton was achieved via a ruthenium (II)‐catalyzed oxidative annulation. It is clear that the selenazole nitrogen plays an important role in the observed selectivity.

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Prediction of part geometry‐dependent weld line strength in unreinforced polycarbonate
Authors: Hopmann Christian , Onken Jakob
Published: January 2018

To predict the mechanical properties of weld lines in injection‐molded unreinforced amorphous plastics parts, an integrative calculation chain has been developed. Weld lines created by different flow obstacle geometries were characterized through mechanical testing. A strong dependence of the weld line strength on the geometry of the flow obstacle and the distance to the flow obstacle, which causes the weld line, was observed. Further, a dependence of the weld line strength on the loading direction was noted. These results were used to establish a simulation routine which is based on a physical description of molecular interdiffusion and uses the melt confluence angles in the weld line to determine weld line annealing behind flow obstacles. The calculated breaking stress of weld lines in polycarbonate using the model deviates on average 14% from the fracture stress that was determined experimentally.
Engineering a Tumor Microenvironment‐Mimetic Niche for Tissue Regeneration with Xenogeneic Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Wang Chunming , Abudukeremu Ayipaxia , Rui Xiaying , Liu Shang , Zhang Xiaoyi , Zhang Min , Zhang Junfeng , Dong Lei
Published: January 2018

The insufficient number of cells suitable for transplantation is a long‐standing problem to cell‐based therapies aimed at tissue regeneration. Xenogeneic cancer cells (XCC) may be an alternative source of therapeutic cells, but their transplantation risks both immune rejection and unwanted spreading. In this study, a strategy to facilitate XCC transplantation is reported and their spreading in vivo is confined by constructing an engineering matrix that mimics the characteristics of tumor microenvironment. The data show that this matrix, a tumor homogenate‐containing hydrogel (THAG), successfully creates an immunosuppressive enclave after transplantation into immunocompetent mice. XCC of different species and tissue origins seeded into THAG survive well, integrated with the host and developed the intrinsic morphology of the native tissue, without being eliminated or spreading out of the enclave. Most strikingly, immortalized human hepatocyte cells and rat β‐cells loaded into THAG exert the physiological functions of the human liver and rat pancreas islets, respectively, in the mouse body. This study demonstrates a novel and feasible approach to harness the unique features of tumor development for tissue transplantation and regenerative medicine.
A Free‐Standing High‐Output Power Density Thermoelectric Device Based on Structure‐Ordered PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Li Zaifang , Sun Hengda , Hsiao Ching‐Lien , Yao Yulong , Xiao Yiqun , Shahi Maryam , Jin Yingzhi , Cruce Alex , Liu Xianjie , Jiang Youyu , Meng Wei , Qin Fei , Ederth Thomas , Fabiano Simone , Chen Weimin M. , Lu Xinhui , Birch Jens , Brill Joseph W. , Zhou Yinhua , Crispin Xavier , Zhang Fengling
Published: January 2018

A free‐standing high‐output power density polymeric thermoelectric (TE) device is realized based on a highly conductive (≈2500 S cm−1) structure‐ordered poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate film (denoted as FS‐PEDOT:PSS) with a Seebeck coefficient of 20.6 µV K−1, an in‐plane thermal conductivity of 0.64 W m−1 K−1, and a peak power factor of 107 µW K−2 m−1 at room temperature. Under a small temperature gradient of 29 K, the TE device demonstrates a maximum output power density of 99 ± 18.7 µW cm−2, which is the highest value achieved in pristine PEDOT:PSS based TE devices. In addition, a fivefold output power is demonstrated by series connecting five devices into a flexible thermoelectric module. The simplicity of assembling the films into flexible thermoelectric modules, the low out‐of‐plane thermal conductivity of 0.27 W m−1 K−1, and free‐standing feature indicates the potential to integrate the FS‐PEDOT:PSS TE modules with textiles to power wearable electronics by harvesting human body's heat. In addition to the high power factor, the high thermal stability of the FS‐PEDOT:PSS films up to 250 °C is confirmed by in situ temperature‐dependent X‐ray diffraction and grazing incident wide angle X‐ray scattering, which makes the FS‐PEDOT:PSS films promising candidates for thermoelectric applications.
Synergetic Protective Effect of the Ultralight MWCNTs/NCQDs Modified Separator for Highly Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Pang Ying , Wei Jishi , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao
Published: January 2018

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are highly attractive due to their high energy density, potentially low cost, and environmental compatibility. However, their commercialization has been greatly hindered by their poor cycle life and severe self‐discharge, which can be attributed to the polysulfides dissolution. To overcome these issues, much effort has been devoted to engineering the electrode structure and composition to improve the performance which is often expensive and laborious. In this study, an ultralight multiwall carbon nanotube/N‐doped carbon quantum dot (MWCNT/NCQD)‐coated separator is first designed, which is cost effective and facile. The MWCNTs/NCQDs‐coated separator is then applied in Li–S batteries. The MWCNTs/NCQDs coating provides a physical shield against polysulfide shuttling and chemical adsorption of polysulfides by MWCNTs and NCQDs. The synergetic effect of MWCNTs and NCQDs enables the production of Li–S cell with a relative high initial discharge capacity of 1330.8 mA h g−1 and excellent cyclic performance with a corresponding capacity fade rate of as low as 0.05% per cycle at 0.5 C over 1000 cycles. Excellent rate capability and anti‐self‐discharge behavior are also displayed. The design of MWCNTs/NCQDs‐coated separator is a viable approach for successfully developing practical Li–S batteries.
Sodium Ion Stabilized Vanadium Oxide Nanowire Cathode for High‐Performance Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: He Pan , Zhang Guobin , Liao Xiaobin , Yan Mengyu , Xu Xu , An Qinyou , Liu Jun , Mai Liqiang
Published: January 2018

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have received incremental attention because of their cost‐effectiveness and the materials abundance. They are a promising choice for large‐scale energy storage applications. However, developing suitable cathode materials for ZIBs remains a great challenge. In this work, pioneering work on the designing and construction of aqueous Zn//Na0.33V2O5batteries is reported. The Na0.33V2O5(NVO) electrode delivers a high capacity of 367.1 mA h g−1at 0.1 A g−1, and exhibits long‐term cyclic stability with a capacity retention over 93% for 1000 cycles. The improvement of electrical conductivity, resulting from the intercalation of sodium ions between the [V4O12]nlayers, is demonstrated by single nanowire device. Furthermore, the reversible intercalation reaction mechanism is confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, Raman, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The outstanding performance can be attributed to the stable layered structure and high conductivity of NVO. This work also indicates that layered structural materials show great potential as the cathode of ZIBs, and the indigenous ions can act as pillars to stabilize the layered structure, thereby ensuring an enhanced cycling stability.
Jabuticaba‐Inspired Hybrid Carbon Filler/Polymer Electrode for Use in Highly Stretchable Aqueous Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Song Woo‐Jin , Park Jeonghwan , Kim Dong Hyup , Bae Sohyun , Kwak Myung‐Jun , Shin Myoungsoo , Kim Sungho , Choi Sungho , Jang Ji‐Hyun , Shin Tae Joo , Kim So Youn , Seo Kwanyong , Park Soojin
Published: January 2018

Stretchable electronics are considered as next‐generation devices; however, to realize stretchable electronics, it is first necessary to develop a deformable energy device. Of the various components in energy devices, the fabrication of stretchable current collectors is crucial because they must be mechanically robust and have high electrical conductivity under deformation. In this study, the authors present a conductive polymer composite composed of Jabuticaba‐like hybrid carbon fillers containing carbon nanotubes and carbon black in a simple solution process. The hybrid carbon/polymer (HCP) composite is found to effectively retain its electrical conductivity, even when under high strain of ≈200%. To understand the behavior of conductive fillers in the polymer matrix when under mechanical strain, the authors investigate the microstructure of the composite using an in situ small‐angle X‐ray scattering analysis. The authors observe that the HCP produces efficient electrical pathways for filler interconnections upon stretching. The authors develop a stretchable aqueous rechargeable lithium‐ion battery (ARLB) that utilizes this HCP composite as a stretchable current collector. The ARLB exhibits excellent rate capability (≈90 mA h g−1 at a rate of 20 C) and outstanding capacity retention of 93% after 500 cycles. Moreover, the stretchable ARLB is able to efficiently deliver power even when under 100% strain.
Integration of FeOOH and Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐Derived Nanoporous Carbon as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation
Authors: Li Fei , Du Jian , Li Xiaona , Shen Junyu , Wang Yong , Zhu Yong , Sun Licheng
Published: January 2018

As a cost‐effective catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the potential use of FeOOH is hindered by its intrinsic poor electron conductivity. Here, the significant enhancement of OER activity and long‐term stability of electrodeposited FeOOH on zeolitic imidazolate framework‐derived N‐doped porous carbons (NPCs) are reported. In alkaline media, FeOOH/NPC supported on nickel foam as a 3D electrode delivers a current density of 100 mA cm−2 at a small overpotential of 230 mV and exhibits a low Tafel slope of 33.8 mV dec−1 as well as excellent durability, making it one of the most active OER catalysts. Such high performance is attributed to a combined effect of the excellent electron conductivity of NPC and the synergy between FeOOH and NiO derived from Ni substrate.
MoS2‐on‐MXene Heterostructures as Highly Reversible Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Chi , Xie Xiuqiang , Anasori Babak , Sarycheva Asya , Makaryan Taron , Zhao Mengqiang , Urbankowski Patrick , Miao Ling , Jiang Jianjun , Gogotsi Yury
Published: January 2018

Two‐dimensional (2D) heterostructured materials, combining the collective advantages of individual building blocks and synergistic properties, have spurred great interest as a new paradigm in materials science. The family of 2D transition‐metal carbides and nitrides, MXenes, has emerged as an attractive platform to construct functional materials with enhanced performance for diverse applications. Here, we synthesized 2D MoS2‐on‐MXene heterostructures through in situ sulfidation of Mo2TiC2Tx MXene. The computational results show that MoS2‐on‐MXene heterostructures have metallic properties. Moreover, the presence of MXene leads to enhanced Li and Li2S adsorption during the intercalation and conversion reactions. These characteristics render the as‐prepared MoS2‐on‐MXene heterostructures stable Li‐ion storage performance. This work paves the way to use MXene to construct 2D heterostructures for energy storage applications.
Lanthanide Complexes Supported by a Trizinc Crown Ether as Catalysts for Alternating Copolymerization of Epoxide and CO2: Telomerization Controlled by Carboxylate Anions
Authors: Nagae Haruki , Aoki Ryota , Akutagawa Shin‐nosuke , Kleemann Julian , Tagawa Risa , Schindler Tobias , Choi Gyeongshin , Spaniol Thomas P. , Tsurugi Hayato , Okuda Jun , Mashima Kazushi
Published: January 2018

A new family of heterometallic catalysts based on trimetalated macrocyclic tris(salen) ligands and rare‐earth metals was prepared and structurally characterized. The LaZn3 system containing anionic ligands such as acetate plays a critical role in catalyzing the alternating copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and CO2 with a high proportion of carbonate linkages. Among the lanthanide metals, the CeZn3 system exhibits high catalytic activity with a turnover frequency (TOF) of over 370 h−1. NMR analysis of the complex and end‐group analysis of the polymer suggest that the acetate ligands are rapidly exchanged, not only among coordinated acetates, but also between coordinated acetates and added carboxylate anions. These unique properties make this the first example of telomerization for the copolymerization of CHO and CO2.
Polymer complexes. LXIX. Some divalent metal(II) polymer complexes of potentially bidentate monomer N‐[4‐(5‐methyl‐isoxazol‐3‐ylsulfamoyl)‐phenyl]‐acrylamide: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, thermal properties, antimicrobial agents and DNA studies
Authors: El‐Sonbati A.Z. , Diab M.A. , Morgan Sh.M. , Eldesoky A.M. , Balboula M.Z.
Published: January 2018

Monomer of N‐[4‐(5‐methyl‐isoxazol‐3‐ylsulfamoyl)‐phenyl]‐acrylamide (HL) and some transition metal polymeric complexes of the general formula {[M(HL)(OH2)2(OCOCH3)2] xH2O}n (M = Co(II), x = 2; Ni(II), x = 3; Mn(II), x = 2) and [Cd(HL)2(OCOCH3)2] were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV spectroscopy, conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility, thermogravimetric analyses and X‐ray diffraction analysis. In all polymer complexes, the spectral data revealed that the ligand act as bidentate neutral molecule and coordinate to metal ion through enolic sulphonamide OH and isoxazol‐N. In all polymer complexes, the spectral data revealed that the ligand act as bidentate neutral molecule and coordinate to metal ion through enolic sulphonamide OH and isoxazol‐N. The molar conductance data revealed that the polymer complexes are non‐electrolytes while UV‐vis and magnetic measurements data have been shown that the polymer complexes have octahedral geometry. All the studies revealed coordination six for the metals in all the polymer complexes and octahedral structures were suggested. The inhibitive effect of HL against C38 steel was investigated in 2 M HCl solution (tafel polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) methods). The type of HL is mixed inhibitor whose adsorption habit onto C38 steel.
Anti‐neurotoxic evaluation of synthetic and characterized metal complexes of thiosemicarbazone derivatives
Authors: El‐Saied Fathy A. , Salem Tarek A. , Shakdofa Mohamad M.E. , Al‐Hakimi Ahmed N.
Published: January 2018

Quinoline‐2‐caboxyaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HL1) and quinoline ‐2‐caboxyaldehyde N‐dimethyl thiosemicarbazone (HL2) metal complexes were prepared and characterized using analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The measurements showed that ligands behave as monovalent or neutral tridentate ligands bonding via azomethine, quinoline ring nitrogen atoms and sulfur atoms in thiol or thion forms. The anti‐neurotoxic effect of ligands and their complexes showed that, exposure to aluminum increase oxidative stress in the brain, an effect that could be offset by concomitant thiosemicarbazone complexes. Complexes could be having an effect on absorption or excretion of aluminum, due to their chelating activity. These findings may shed light on the potential clinical importance of thiosemicarbazone complexes in Alzheimer's disease.
Gold nanoparticles supported on thiol‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide as effective recyclable catalyst for synthesis of tetrahydro‐4H‐chromenes in aqueous media
Authors: Naeimi Hossein , Farahnak Zarabi Maryam
Published: January 2018

Gold nanoparticles supported on thiol‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide (AuNPs@RGO‐SH) were found to be a biocompatible, stable, recyclable heterogeneous catalyst. The catalysts were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The obtained catalyst was used in synthesis of tetrahydro‐4H‐chromenes in aqueous media with excellent yields. The catalysts could be easily separated from the reaction mixture and recovered several times without a significant loss of activity.
Salience Versus Proportional Reasoning: Rethinking the Mechanism Behind Graphical Display Effects
Authors: Stone Eric R. , Reeder Emily C. , Parillo Jonathan , Long Cynthia , Walb LeeAnn
Published: January 2018

Two experiments examined predictions from two separate explanations for previously observed display effects for communicating low‐probability risks: foreground:background salience and proportional reasoning. According to foreground:background salience, people's risk perceptions are based on the relative salience of the foreground (number of people harmed) versus the background (number of people at risk), such that calling attention to the background makes the risk seem smaller. Conversely, the proportional reasoning explanation states that what matters is whether the respondent attends to the proportion, which conveys how small the risk is. In Experiment 1, we made the background more salient via color and bolding; in contrast to the foreground:background salience prediction, this manipulation did not influence participants' risk aversion. In Experiment 2, we separately manipulated whether the foreground and the background were displayed graphically or numerically. In keeping with the proportional reasoning hypothesis, there was an interaction whereby participants given formats that displayed the foreground and background in the same modality (graphs or numbers, thereby making the proportion easier to form) saw the probability as smaller and were less risk averse than participants given the information in different modalities. There was also a main effect of displaying the background graphically, providing some support for foreground:background salience. In total, this work suggests that the proportional reasoning account provides a good explanation of many display effects related to communicating low‐probability risks, although there is some role for foreground:background salience as well. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced expression of a biosimilar monoclonal antibody with a novel NS0 platform
Authors: Sampey Darryl , Courville Pascal , Acree David , Hausfeld Jeffrey , Bentley William E.
Published: January 2018

The precise product quality and lower cost of goods demands of the growing biosimilars industry are driving biomanufacturing innovation. Biosimilar cell lines that produce complex glycoproteins such as monoclonal antibodies must be both highly productive and express a product with critical quality attributes closely matching those of the innovator reference. In this work, a biomanufacturing platform is described that harnesses the commercially‐established NS0 host cell in new ways to create stable, highly productive cell lines with characteristics meeting the current demands. A cholesterol metabolic selection marker and implementation strategy that can be generically applied are shown to yield high expressing cell lines as well as eliminate the need for cholesterol addition, which has been a significant barrier in both stainless steel reactors as well as in single‐use plastic systems. Additionally, for the first time, a multiplex selection strategy was implemented that served to increase NS0 cell line specific productivity >10‐fold and volumetric yields >6‐fold. The best overall performing cell line had a Qp of 28.5 picograms per cell per day and was rapidly adapted to a lean production medium. Yields in l‐glutamine fed‐batch shaker cultures exceeded 500 mg/L. An initial screening of four feeding strategies resulted in a final 13‐day yield of over 1.4 g/L in small shaker culture. Overall, this work shows both the strategy to develop biosimilar cell lines and the commercial potential of a novel expression system highly suited for the manufacture of biosimilars of reference biologics currently produced in murine cells. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:455–462, 2018
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex in trypanosomes
Authors: Lander Noelia , Chiurillo Miguel A. , Bertolini Mayara S. , Docampo Roberto , Vercesi Aníbal E.
Published: December 2017

The presence of a conserved mechanism for mitochondrial calcium uptake in trypanosomatids was crucial for the molecular identification of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), a long‐sought channel present in most eukaryotic organisms. Since then, research efforts to elucidate the role of MCU and its regulatory elements in different biological models have multiplied. MCU is the pore‐forming subunit of a multimeric complex (the MCU complex or MCUC) and its predicted structure in trypanosomes is simpler than in mammalian cells, lacking two of its subunits and probably possessing other unidentified components. MCU protein has been characterized in Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agents of African and American trypanosomiasis, respectively. Contrary to its mammalian homolog, TbMCU was found to be essential for cell growth and survival, while its paralog MCUb is an essential protein in T. cruzi. These findings could be further exploited for chemotherapeutic purposes. The emergence of new molecular tools for the genetic manipulation of trypanosomatids has been determinant for the functional characterization of the MCUC components in these organisms. However, further research has to be done to determine the role of each component in intracellular calcium signaling and cell bioenergetics. In this mini‐review we summarize the original results on mitochondrial calcium uptake in trypanosomes, how did they contribute to the molecular identification of the MCU, and the functional characterization of the MCUC subunits that has so far been studied in these peculiar eukaryotes.
Synthesis of Co2V2O7 Hollow Cylinders with Enhanced Lithium Storage Properties using H2O2 as an Etching Agent
Authors: Wang Jinli , Pei Jian , Hua Ke , Chen Dahong , Jiao Yang , Hu Yongyuan , Chen Gang
Published: January 2018

The construction of hollow structures has been used as an efficient strategy to improve electrochemical properties in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). In this paper, novel Co2V2O7 hollow cylinders have been fabricated via a unique etching process, in which H2O2 and CO(NH2)2 were selected as the etching agent and the release rate controlling agent, respectively. The formation process for the hollow structure and the etching mechanism have been investigated. Benefiting from the improved diffusion and transport of Li+, the Co2V2O7 hollow cylinder electrode demonstrates higher electrochemical performance as an anode material for LIBs than that of Co2V2O7 solid hexagonal prisms. Under a current density of 0.4 A g−1, the cycling capacity can be improved to 2.5 times greater than that of non‐etched hexagonal prisms.
Amphiphilic Janus Twin Single‐Chain Nanoparticles
Authors: Ji Xiaotian , Zhang Yue , Zhao Hanying
Published: January 2018

In these years, synthesis and self‐assembly of nanoparticles with various sizes, geometries and compositions have aroused great interest due to their scientific significance and potential applications. The nanoparticles with asymmetric structures are able to self‐assemble into hierarchical structures for constructing functional materials. To investigate the self‐assembly behaviors of the nano‐sized asymmetric polymer particles, synthesis and self‐assembly of twin single‐chain nanoparticles (TSCNPs), a type of covalently bonded SCNPs, are reported in this research. A block copolymer with pendant anthracene groups and bromines on two blocks were synthesized by two‐step reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. After two‐step intramolecular cross‐linking reactions, anthracene photodimerization and atom transfer radical coupling, TSCNPs were prepared. The amphiphilic TSCNPs possess surfactant properties. Upon addition of the TSCNPs, the surface tension of water is reduced. In aqueous solution, the TSCNPs self‐assemble into vesicles with the hydrophobic particles in the inner walls and the hydrophilic particles on the surfaces.
Designing Carbon Based Supercapacitors with High Energy Density: A Summary of Recent Progress
Authors: Han Yi , Lai Zhengzhe , Wang Zifan , Yu Minghao , Tong Yexiang , Lu Xihong
Published: January 2018

Carbon based supercapacitors (CSCs), with high output power and long lifespan, are considered as promising power sources for modern electronic devices. The rush to find new approaches for optimizing their electrochemical behaviors is still vibrant, and particularly, widespread enthusiasm was focused on improving the energy density of CSCs through improving the specific capacitance and expanding the operating voltage. In this regard, this article provides a brief review about recent progress and new understanding about the assembly of CSCs with high energy density. Novel applied strategies were highlighted and discussed from the aspects of electrolyte, electrodes, and device modulation. Dynamic and mechanism factors associated with the energy storage process of CSCs are particularly emphasized. Finally, the opportunities and challenges are elaborated in the hope of guiding the promising direction for the design of high‐energy CSCs.
All‐Solid‐State Mechanochemical Synthesis and Post‐Synthetic Transformation of Inorganic Perovskite‐type Halides
Authors: Pal Provas , Saha Sujoy , Banik Ananya , Sarkar Arka , Biswas Kanishka
Published: January 2018

All‐inorganic and hybrid perovskite type halides are generally synthesized by solution‐based methods, with the help of long chain organic capping ligands, complex organometallic precursors, and high boiling organic solvents. Herein, a room temperature, solvent‐free, general, and scalable all‐solid‐state mechanochemical synthesis is demonstrated for different inorganic perovskite type halides, with versatile structural connectivity in three (3D), two (2D), and zero (0D) dimensions. 3D CsPbBr3, 2D CsPb2Br5, 0D Cs4PbBr6, 3D CsPbCl3, 2D CsPb2Cl5, 0D Cs4PbCl6, 3D CsPbI3, and 3D RbPbI3 have all been synthesized by this method. The all‐solid‐state synthesis is materialized through an inorganic retrosynthetic approach, which directs the decision on the solid‐state precursors (e.g., CsX and PbX2 (X=Cl/Br/I) with desired stoichiometric ratios. Moreover, post‐synthetic structural transformations from 3D to 2D and 0D perovskite halides were performed by the same mechanochemical synthetic approach at room temperature.
Hydrative Aminoxylation of Ynamides: One Reaction, Two Mechanisms
Authors: Pinto Alexandre , Kaiser Daniel , Maryasin Boris , Di Mauro Giovanni , González Leticia , Maulide Nuno
Published: January 2018

Organic synthesis boasts a wide array of reactions involving either radical species or ionic intermediates. The combination of radical and polar species, however, has not been explored to a comparable extent. Herein we present the hydrative aminoxylation of ynamides, a reaction which can proceed by either a polar‐radical crossover mechanism or through a rare cationic activation. Common to both processes is the versatility of the persistent radical TEMPO and its oxidised oxoammonium derivative TEMPO+. The unique mechanisms of these processes are elucidated experimentally and by in‐depth DFT‐calculations.
Turning the Nitrogen Atoms of an Ar2P−CH2−N−N−CH2−PAr2 Motif into Uniquely Configured Stereocenters: A Novel Diphosphane Design for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Diehl (née Knobloch) Eva , Brückner Reinhard
Published: January 2018

Hexahydropyridazines with CH2PAr2 groups at both N atoms are newly designed 1,4‐diphosphanes and were synthesized for the first time. Their N atoms assume a single configuration under the influence of stereocenters at C‐5 and C‐6. In the solid state, these N‐atoms bind the CH2PAr2 substituents axially. Combined with Pd0, N,N′‐chiral diphosphanes of this kind catalyzed Tsuji–Trost type allylations of dialkyl malonates with racemic 1,3‐diphenylallyl acetate efficiently and with up to 91 % ee.
Dutch Resolution of a configurationally stable [5]helquat
Authors: Severa Lukáš , Sázelová Petra , Císařová Ivana , Šaman David , Koval Dušan , Devadig Pradeep , Kašička Václav , Teplý Filip
Published: January 2018

Synthesis and nontrivial optical resolution of a helicene‐like dication, helquat 1, has been accomplished. Starting with gram scale of the racemic helquat 1 sample, Dutch Resolution using family of 3 tartrate anions was key to achieve successful separation of M and P helical enantiomers of 1. Hundreds of milligrams of each enantiomer of this configurationally stable C2‐symmetric helquat have been obtained. Racemization barrier of 1 has been determined. To our knowledge this is the first report on Dutch Resolution performed with a helicene‐like compound. Moreover, there are no literature precedents for Dutch Resolution of chiral quaternary ammonium cations.
Unravelling the subcortical and retinal circuitry of the primate inferior pulvinar
Authors: Kwan William C. , Mundinano Inaki‐Carril , de Souza Mitchell J. , Lee Sammy C. S. , Martin Paul R. , Grünert Ulrike , Bourne James A.
Published: January 2018

The primate visual brain possesses a myriad of pathways, whereby visual information originating at the retina is transmitted to multiple subcortical areas in parallel, before being relayed onto the visual cortex. The dominant retinogeniculostriate pathway has been an area of extensive study, and Vivien Casagrande's work in examining the once overlooked koniocellular pathway of the lateral geniculate nucleus has generated interest in how alternate subcortical pathways can contribute to visual perception. Another subcortical visual relay center is the inferior pulvinar (PI), which has four subdivisions and numerous connections with other subcortical and cortical areas and is directly recipient of retinal afferents. The complexity of subcortical connections associated with the PI subdivisions has led to differing results from various groups. A particular challenge in determining the exact connectivity pattern has been in accurately targeting the subdivisions of the PI with neural tracers. Therefore, in the present study, we used a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided stereotaxic injection system to inject bidirectional tracers in the separate subdivisions of the PI, the superior layers of the superior colliculus, the retina, and the lateral geniculate nucleus. Our results have determined for the first time that the medial inferior pulvinar (PIm) is innervated by widefield retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and this pathway is not a collateral branch of the geniculate and collicular projecting RGCs. Furthermore, our tracing data shows no evidence of collicular terminations in the PIm, which are confined to the centromedial and posterior PI.
Neural connections of the pretectum in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Yáñez Julián , Suárez Tania , Quelle Ana , Folgueira Mónica , Anadón Ramón
Published: January 2018

The pretectum is a complex region of the caudal diencephalon which in adult zebrafish comprises both retinorecipient (parvocellular superficial, central, intercalated, paracommissural, and periventricular) and non‐retinorecipient (magnocellular superficial, posterior, and accessory) pretectal nuclei distributed from periventricular to superficial regions. We conducted a comprehensive study of the connections of pretectal nuclei by using neuronal tracing with fluorescent carbocyanine dyes. This study reveals specialization of efferent connections of the various pretectal nuclei, with nuclei projecting to the optic tectum (paracommissural, central, and periventricular pretectal nuclei), the torus longitudinalis and the cerebellar corpus (paracommissural, central, and intercalated pretectal nuclei), the lateral hypothalamus (magnocellular superficial, posterior, and central pretectal nuclei), and the tegmental regions (accessory and superficial pretectal nuclei). With regard to major central afferents to the pretectum, we observed projections from the telencephalon to the paracommissural and central pretectal nuclei, from the optic tectum to the paracommissural, central, accessory and parvocellular superficial pretectal nuclei, from the cerebellum to the paracommissural and periventricular pretectal nuclei and from the nucleus isthmi to the parvocellular superficial and accessory pretectal nuclei. The parvocellular superficial pretectal nucleus sends conspicuous projections to the contralateral magnocellular superficial pretectal nucleus. The composite figure of results reveals large differences in connections of neighbor pretectal nuclei, indicating high degree of nuclear specialization. Our results will have important bearings in functional studies that analyze the relationship between specific circuits and behaviors in zebrafish. Comparison with results available in other species also reveals differences in the organization and connections of the pretectum in vertebrates.
Solution‐Processed Warm White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on a Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Dendrimer
Authors: Liao Xiaoqing , Yang Xin , Cheng Jiang , Li Ying , Meng Xiang , Li Jie , Pei Qibing , Li Lu
Published: January 2018

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have received much attention for the fabrication of white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs); however, challenges remain owing to severe efficiency roll‐off, poor color stability, and high cost. In this contribution, solution‐processed hybrid WOLEDs were obtained by employing a blue TADF dendrimer, bis{4‐[3,6‐bis(3,6‐di‐tert‐butylcarbazol‐N‐yl)carbazol‐N‐yl]phenyl}sulfone (BPS), combined with an orange iridium complex, bis(2‐phenylbenzothiazolato)(acetylacetonate)iridium(III), Ir(bt)2(acac), as a co‐dopant. The devices achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency of 6.59 % and a maximum current efficiency of 17.34 cd A−1. The results suggest that the TADF dendrimer serving as an assistant dopant were helpful in reducing the triplet populations by up‐converting the triplet excitons to the singlet state and immediately transferring the singlet excitons to Ir(bt)2(acac) (bt=2‐phenylbenzothiazolato, acac=acetylacetonato) by virtue of the long‐range Förster resonance energy transfer, thus significantly decreasing the triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA). Moreover, the emitters can act as shallow trapping centers to decrease charge and exciton aggregation. The resulting OLEDs exhibit stable electroluminescent spectra and low efficiency roll‐off at relatively high current density. The CIE coordinates Δ(x, y) vary only (0.02, 0.02) in the luminance range of 100 to 10 000 cd m−2.