bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plastic Collapse of a Thin Annular Disk Subject to Thermomechanical Loading
Authors: Alexandrov Sergei , Lyamina Elena , Jeng Yeau-Ren
Published: January 2013

A semi-analytic solution for plastic collapse of a thin annular disk subject to thermomechanical loading is presented. It is assumed that the yield criterion depends on the hydrostatic stress. A distinguished feature of the boundary value problem considered is that there are two loading parameters. One of these parameters is temperature and the other is pressure over the inner radius of the disk. The general qualitative structure of the solution at plastic collapse is discussed in detail. It is shown that two different plastic collapse mechanisms are possible. One of these mechanisms is characterized by strain localization at the inner radius of the disk. The entire disk becomes plastic according to the other plastic collapse mechanism. In addition, two special regimes of plastic collapse are identified. According to one of these regimes, plastic collapse occurs when the entire disk is elastic, except its inner radius. According to the other regime, the entire disk becomes plastic at the same values of the loading parameters at which plastic yielding starts to develop.
The electric cat: Rotation without net overall spin
Authors: Kaufman Richard D.
Published: January 2013

Two schools of thought have developed regarding the method used by a falling cat to rotate in air: the “legs in–legs out” method and the “tuck and turn” or rotating spine method. Since photographic evidence has not settled the debate, we develop a mathematical model called the “electric cat” to show quantitatively that the first method is not sufficient for a cat's full rotation in air during a safe drop.
Modulation of Epstein-Barr Virus Glycoprotein B (gB) Fusion Activity by the gB Cytoplasmic Tail Domain
Authors: Garcia Nicholas J. , Chen Jia , Longnecker Richard
Published: January 2013

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), along with other members of the herpesvirus family, requires a set of viral glycoproteins to mediate host cell attachment and entry. Viral glycoprotein B (gB), a highly conserved glycoprotein within the herpesvirus family, is thought to be the viral fusogen based on structural comparison of EBV gB and herpes simplex virus (HSV) gB with the postfusion crystal structure of vesicular stomatitis virus fusion protein glycoprotein G (VSV-G). In addition, mutational studies indicate that gB plays an important role in fusion function. In the current study, we constructed a comprehensive library of mutants with truncations of the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail domain (CTD) of EBV gB. Our studies indicate that the gB CTD is important in the cellular localization, expression, and fusion function of EBV gB. However, in line with observations from other studies, we conclude that the degree of cell surface expression of gB is not directly proportional to observed fusion phenotypes. Rather, we conclude that other biochemical or biophysical properties of EBV gB must be altered to explain the different fusion phenotypes observed.

IMPORTANCE
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), like all enveloped viruses, fuses the virion envelope to a cellular membrane to allow release of the capsid, resulting in virus infection. To further characterize the function of EBV glycoprotein B (gB) in fusion, a comprehensive library of mutants with truncations in the gB C-terminal cytoplasmic tail domain (CTD) were made. These studies indicate that the CTD of gB is important for the cellular expression and localization of gB, as well as for the function of gB in fusion. These studies will lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of EBV-induced membrane fusion and herpesvirus-induced membrane fusion in general, which will ultimately lead to focused therapies guided at preventing viral entry into host cells.
A foreign body masquerading as a tumour
Authors: Maempel Julian Frederick , Nicol Graeme , Clement Rhys Gareth Ellis , Porter Daniel
Published: January 2013

A 29-year-old man presented to his local orthopaedic service with a mass in the medial aspect of his left thigh, present for 1 year. It had not changed in size, although he complained of increasing tightness in the region. He denied any systemic symptoms or history of local trauma. Extensive imaging performed at his local hospital was thought suggestive of a musculoskeletal tumour. The patient was referred to our tertiary centre musculoskeletal tumour clinic. Review of external imaging and further investigations revealed a fluid-filled intramuscular mass containing an echogenic focus consistent with foreign body. Ultrasound-guided aspiration yielded fluid which grewStaphylococcus aureus. Only when presented with this information did the patient vaguely recall sitting on a wooden kebab stick 30 months previously. At surgery, a thick-walled abscess with a central foreign body was identified and drained. At follow-up 1 month later, he was well with no recurrent problems.
NGS identifiesTAZmutation in a family with X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Man Elim , Lafferty Katherine A , Funke Birgit H , Lun Kin-Shing , Chan Shu-Yan , Chau Adolphus Kai-Tung , Chung Brian Hon-Yin
Published: January 2013

We reported a family with two male siblings affected with infantile dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Extensive evaluation failed to identify the underlying cause for the DCM. Next generation sequencing (NGS) with targeted enrichment identified a hemizygous variant c.718G>C (p.Gly240Arg) in theTAZgene. This variant has been reported in three other families with X linked infantile DCM and is therefore likely pathogenic. NGS allows efficient screening of a large number of uncommon genes in complex disorders like DCM, in which there is substantial genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. The identification ofTAZmutation has major impact on their medical care as the surveillance needs to be expanded to cover for the Barth syndrome, a severe metabolic phenotype also caused byTAZmutation, in addition to DCM.
An instant rare complication: a fractured metallic pyloric stent
Authors: Javaid Mahvesh Rana , Yusuf Aasim Mohammad
Published: January 2013

Metallic pyloric stenting (also termed as metallic enteral stenting) performed endoscopically, stands as first-line treatment for malignant gastric outlet obstruction. With reported evidence, these self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) re-enable oral food intake, preventing patients having to face invasive techniques such as surgical gastroenterostomy. We report a patient having received a covered pyloric SEMS insertion following a tumour growth causing stenosis in the gastric antropyloric region. After 3 weeks, the patient presented with a fracture of the pyloric SEMS, a rare complication, resulting in a second pyloric SEMS insertion.
Road traffic accidents: more than just whiplash?
Authors: Counsell Heather , Johnson Sophie
Published: January 2013

Following a minor road traffic accident (RTA) a 55-year-old woman developed a new onset of whole body tremor and abnormal gait. This was in the context of significant previous depressive episodes and a traumatic background relating to RTAs. After extensive investigation, no organic causes were identified. The patient was subsequently referred to psychiatry and diagnosed with conversion disorder. Subsequently, various treatments including mirtazepine, venlafaxine, clonazepam, diazepam and lithium have been tried. Currently, the patient remains on mirtazepine 15 mg nocte, diazepam 2 mg twice daily, venlafaxine 225 mg and recently has been started on lithium 400 mg nocte. The patient has also been seen regularly by a psychologist for mindfulness therapy. There has been a significant improvement after seven sessions of mindfulness therapy and the patient has long periods without a tremor and is now able to walk normally. In addition, this case highlights the importance of communication skills with our patients in diagnostic uncertainty.
Cricopharyngeal myotomy for cricopharyngeus stricture in an inclusion body myositis patient with hiatus hernia: a learning experience
Authors: Sanei-Moghaddam Ali , Kumar Sanjiv , Jani Piyush , Brierley Charlotte
Published: January 2013

Inclusion body myositis is a chronic progressive myopathy which tends not to respond to steroids and immunosuppressive treatments. Dysphagia is more common in this group than other inflammatory myopathies like polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Otolaryngologists are involved in the management of dysphagia in inclusion body myositis. They usually use a combination of cricopharyngeal myotomy, upper oesophageal dilation or botulinum injection to help with the symptoms. Cricopharyngeus myotomy is the preferred treatment in this group and patients tend to be discharged after a short stay in the hospital. However, our experience was completely different from what we expected as a relatively straightforward procedure led to severe morbidity and prolonged hospital admission due to continuous acid reflux and aspiration. We believe that the presence of hiatus hernia led to this problem as the patient's problem resolved completely after her hernia was treated.
Old drugs: new complications
Authors: Batra Sandeep , Wadhwa Jyoti , Vaid Ashok K , Sharma Neelam
Published: January 2013

This is a case of acute splenic and bilateral renal infarction in a patient with non-small cell lung carcinoma during chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin. Till date, bilateral renal infarction following gemcitabine and cisplatin has been reported only once in the past. The case that is being reported has had acute splenic and bilateral renal infarct and has not been reported previously. Splenic and renal infarction should be considered in the differential diagnosis of excruciating abdominal pain and backache in a patient on gemcitabine-based and cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
The role of the Lewis acid−base properties in the supramolecular association of 1,2,5-chalcogenadiazoles
Authors: Cozzolino Anthony F. , Elder Philip J.W. , Lee Lucia Myongwon , Vargas-Baca Ignacio
Published: January 2013

The secondary bonding interactions that link the supramolecular structures assembled by 1,2,5-chalcogenadiazoles were analyzed through explicit orthogonalization of molecular orbitals (NBO), topological analysis of the electron density (AIM), and the electron localization function (ELF). The results of these analyses are consistent with a bonding description that attributes important covalent and electrostatic character to these interactions. Application of these analyses to the individual molecules highlighted the structural features from which each of those contributions originates, namely the polarity and modest strength of the E–N bond. Both of these effects increase along the series S, Se, Te. Perturbations to the heterocycle electronic structure that result in a weaker and more polar E–N bond cause an increase in the Lewis acidity at the chalcogen centre, which in turn leads to stronger secondary bonding interactions with Lewis bases. Additionally, the contribution of dispersion forces is not negligible and is most important in the case of sulfur.
Tunneling in Horava–Lifshitz black hole
Authors: Sadeghi J. , Banijamali A. , Reisi E.
Published: January 2013

In this paper, using the Hamilton–Jacobi method we first calculate the Hawking temperature for a Horava–Lifshitz black hole. Then by utilizing the radial null geodesic method we obtain the entropy of such a black hole in four-dimensional space–time. We also consider the effect of back reaction on the surface gravity and compute modifications of entropy and Hawking temperature because of such an effect. Our calculations are for two kinds of Horava–Lifshitz black holes: Kehagias–Sfetsos and Lu–Mei–Pope.
Molecular cytotoxic mechanisms of chlorpromazine in isolated rat hepatocytes
Authors: MacAllister Stephanie L. , Young Cheryl , Guzdek Anna , Zhidkov Nickholas , O'Brien Peter J.
Published: January 2013

Chlorpromazine (CPZ), a member of the largest class of first-generation antipsychotic agents, is known to cause hepatotoxicity in the form of cholestasis and hepatocellular necrosis in some patients. The mechanism of CPZ hepatotoxicity is unclear, but is thought to result from reactive metabolite formation. The goal of this research was to assess potential cytotoxic mechanisms of CPZ using the accelerated cytotoxicity mechanism screening (ACMS) technique with freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. This study identified CPZ cytotoxicity and inhibition of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) to be concentration-dependent. Furthermore, inhibition of cytochrome P450s (CYPs), including CYP2D1 and 1A2, delayed CPZ cytotoxicity, suggesting a role for CYP activation of CPZ to a toxic metabolite(s) in this model. Metabolism studies also demonstrated glucuronide and glutathione (GSH) requirement for CPZ detoxification in hepatocytes. Inactivating the 2-electron reduction pathway, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), caused a significant increase in hepatocyte susceptibility to CPZ, indicating quinoneimine contribution to CPZ cytotoxicity. Nontoxic concentrations of peroxidase/H2O2 (inflammatory model) increased cytotoxicity in CPZ-treated hepatocytes and caused additional mitochondrial toxicity. Inflammation further depleted GSH and increased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels. Results suggest activation of CPZ to reactive metabolites by 2 pathways in hepatocytes: (i) a CYP-catalyzed quinoneimine pathway, and (ii) a peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of CPZ to CPZ radicals.
ENTANGLEMENT ENTROPY AND STRONGLY CORRELATED TOPOLOGICAL MATTER
Authors: GROVER TARUN
Published: January 2013

Topological ordered phases are gapped states of matter that are characterized by non-local entanglement in their ground state wave functions instead of a local order parameter. In this paper, we review some of the basic results on the entanglement structure of topologically ordered phases. In particular, we focus on the notion and uses of "topological entanglement entropy" in two and higher dimensions, and also briefly review the relation between entanglement spectrum and the spectrum of the physical edge states for chiral topological states. Furthermore, we discuss a curvature expansion for the entanglement entropy which sharpens the nonlocality of topological entanglement entropy.
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND MAGNETISM IN Ir-BASED DOUBLE-PEROVSKITE Sr2CeIrO6
Authors: PANDA S. K. , DASGUPTA I.
Published: January 2013

The electronic structure and magnetism of Sr 2 CeIrO 6, an Ir -based double perovskite system has been investigated using first-principles calculations. We found that a strong spin-orbit coupling dictate the electronic and magnetic properties of this system. A small value of U along with SOC could open up a gap at the Fermi level, offering the possibility of novel J eff = ½ Mott quantum state. Our calculations revealed that the magnetic ground state is antiferromagnetic which is in agreement with the magnetization data and provide the value of spin and orbital moment for this system which is in agreement with the other isostructural Ir -based compound.
RADIATION HARDNESS STUDIES OF InGaAs AND Si PHOTODIODES AT 30, 52, & 98 MeV AND FLUENCES TO 5 × 1011 PROTONS/CM2
Authors: BAPTISTA B. J. , MUFSON S. L.
Published: January 2013

Here we report the results of an investigation into the effects of ionizing radiation on commercial off-the-shelf InGaAs and Si photodiodes. The photodiodes were exposed to 30, 52, and 98 MeV protons with fluences ranging from 108 - 5 × 1011 protons/cm2 at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility. We tested the photodiodes for changes to their dark current and their relative responsivity as a function of wavelength. The Si photodiodes showed increasing damage to their responsivity with increasing fluence; the InGaAs photodiodes showed significantly increased dark current as the fluence increased. In addition, we monitored the absolute responsivity of the InGaAs photodiodes over their entire bandpass. Our measurements showed no evidence for broadband degradation or graying of the response at the fluences tested. All measurements in this investigation were made relative to detectors traceable to NIST standards.
Gustducin couples fatty acid receptors to GLP-1 release in colon
Authors: Li Yan , Kokrashvili Zaza , Mosinger Bedrich , Margolskee Robert F.
Published: January 2013

Sweet taste receptor subunits and α-gustducin found in enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine have been implicated in release of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in response to glucose and noncaloric sweeteners. α-Gustducin has also been found in colon, although its function there is unclear. We examined expression of α-gustducin, GLP-1, and GIP throughout the intestine. The number of α-gustducin-expressing cells and those coexpressing α-gustducin together with GLP-1 and/or GIP increased from small intestine to colon. α-Gustducin also was coexpressed with fatty acid G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 40, GPR41, GPR43, GPR119, GPR120, and bile acid G protein-coupled receptor TGR5 in enteroendocrine cells of the colon. In colon, GPR43 was coexpressed with GPR119 and GPR120, but not with TGR5. Treatment of colonic mucosa isolated from wild-type mice with acetate, butyrate, oleic acid, oleoylethanolamide, or lithocholic acid stimulated GLP-1 secretion. However, GLP-1 release in response to these fatty acids was impaired in colonic tissue from α-gustducin knockout mice.
Paediatric Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis with HIV Coinfection: A Case Report
Authors: Nwokeukwu Huldah I. , Okafor Paulinus N. , Okorie Onuka , Ukpabi Ihuoma K.
Published: January 2013

Background.Tuberculosis is a major public health problem, and its control has been facing a lot of challenges with emergence of HIV. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant strain has also propounded the problem especially in children where diagnosis is difficult to make. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) isin vitroresistant to isoniazid (H) and rifampicin (R). Paediatric multi-drug resistant tuberculosis with HIV coinfection is rare, and there is no documented report from Nigeria.Objective.To report a case of paediatric MDR-TB in Nigeria about it.Methods.The case note of the patient was retrieved, and relevant data were extracted and summarized.Results.A 9-year-old female HIV-positive pupil with a year history of recurrent cough, 3 months history of recurrent fever, and generalized weight loss was diagnosed and treated for tuberculosis but failed after retreatment. She was later diagnosed with MDR-TB and is presently on DOT-Plus regimen.Conclusion.Paediatric MDR-TB with HIV co-infection is rare. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent spread of the disease. The use of Isoniazid preventive therapy is recommended for children who come in contact with patients with active tuberculosis and also for HIV patients without active tuberculosis.
Sporadic Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva in an Egyptian Infant with c.617G > A Mutation inACVR1Gene: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Al-Haggar Mohammad , Ahmad Nermin , Yahia Sohier , Shams Amany , Hasaneen Bothina , Hassan Hassan Rasha , Wahba Yahya , Salem Nanees Abdel-Badie , Abdel-Hady Dina
Published: January 2013

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an autosomal dominant severe musculoskeletal disease characterized by extensive new bone formation within soft connective tissues and unique skeletal malformations of the big toes which represent a birth hallmark for the disease. Most of the isolated classic cases of FOP showed heterozygous mutation in theACVR1gene on chromosome 2q23 that encodes a bone morphogenetic protein BMP (ALK2). The most common mutation is (c.617G > A) leading to the amino acid substitution of arginine by histidine (p.Arg206His). We currently report on an Egyptian infant with a sporadic classic FOP in whom c.617G > A mutation had been documented. The patient presented with the unique congenital malformation of big toe and radiological evidence of heterotopic ossification in the back muscles. The triggering trauma was related to the infant's head, however; neither neck region nor sites of routine intramuscular vaccination given during the first year showed any ossifications. Characterization of the big toe malformation is detailed to serve as an early diagnostic marker for this rare disabling disease.
In-Patient Treatment of Fibromyalgia: A Controlled Nonrandomized Comparison of Conventional Medicine versus Integrative Medicine including Fasting Therapy
Authors: Michalsen Andreas , Li Chenying , Kaiser Katharina , Lüdtke Rainer , Meier Larissa , Stange Rainer , Kessler Christian
Published: January 2013

Fibromyalgia poses a challenge for therapy. Recent guidelines suggest that fibromyalgia should be treated within a multidisciplinary therapy approach. No data are available that evaluated multimodal treatment strategies of Integrative Medicine (IM). We conducted a controlled, nonrandomized pilot study that compared two inpatient treatment strategies, an IM approach that included fasting therapy and a conventional rheumatology (CM) approach. IM used fasting cure and Mind-Body-Medicine as specific methods. Of 48 included consecutive patients, 28 were treated with IM, 20 with CM. Primary outcome was change in the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) score after the 2-week hospital stay. Secondary outcomes included scores of pain, depression, anxiety, and well being. Assessments were repeated after 12 weeks. At 2 weeks, there were significant improvements in the FIQ (P<0.014) and for most of secondary outcomes for the IM group compared to the CM group. The beneficial effects for the IM approach were reduced after 12 weeks and no longer statistically significant with the exception of anxiety. Findings indicate that a multimodal IM treatment with fasting therapy might be superior to CM in the short term and not inferior in the mid term. Longer-term studies are warranted to assess the clinical impact of integrative multimodal treatment in fibromyalgia.
Gene Expression Changes in Adipose Tissue with Diet- and/or Exercise-Induced Weight Loss
Authors: Campbell Kristin L. , Foster-Schubert Karen E. , Makar Karen W. , Kratz Mario , Hagman Derek , Schur Ellen A. , Habermann Nina , Horton Marc , Abbenhardt Clare , Kuan Ling-Yu , Xiao Liren , Davison Jerry , Morgan Martin , Wang Ching-Yun , Duggan Catherine , McTiernan Anne , Ulrich Cornelia M.
Published: January 2013

Adipose tissue plays a role in obesity-related cancers via increased production of inflammatory factors, steroid hormones, and altered adipokines. The impact of weight loss on adipose tissue gene expression may provide insights into pathways linking obesity with cancer risk. We conducted an ancillary study within a randomized trial of diet, exercise, or combined diet + exercise versus control among overweight/obese postmenopausal women. In 45 women, subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were conducted at baseline and after 6 months, and changes in adipose tissue gene expression were determined by microarray with an emphasis on prespecified candidate pathways as well as by unsupervised clustering of more than 37,000 transcripts (Illumina). Analyses were conducted first by randomization group and then by degree of weight change at 6-months in all women combined. At 6 months, diet, exercise, and diet + exercise participants lost a mean of 8.8, 2.5, and 7.9 kg (all P < 0.05 vs. no change in controls). There was no significant change in candidate gene expression by intervention group. In analysis by weight change category, greater weight loss was associated a decrease in 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (HSD17B1, Ptrend < 0.01) and leptin (LEP, Ptrend < 0.01) expression, and marginally significant increased expression of estrogen receptor-1 (ESR1, Ptrend = 0.08) and insulin-like growth factor–binding protein-3 (IGFBP3, Ptrend = 0.08). Unsupervised clustering revealed 83 transcripts with statistically significant changes. Multiple gene expression changes correlated with changes in associated serum biomarkers. Weight loss was associated with changes in adipose tissue gene expression after 6 months, particularly in two pathways postulated to link obesity and cancer, that is, steroid hormone metabolism and IGF signaling. Cancer Prev Res; 6(3); 217–31. ©2013 AACR.
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia-Associated Thrombosis
Authors: Chang Hung , Kuo Ming-Chung , Shih Lee-Yung , Wu Jin-Hou , Lin Tung-Liang , Dunn Po , Tang Tzung-Chih , Hung Yu-Shin , Wang Po-Nan
Published: January 2013

Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are prone to both bleeding and thrombosis. The bleeding complications are well known. In contrast, APL-associated thrombosis is relatively underappreciated. We aimed to explore the issue of APL-associated thrombosis events. In the past 20 years, 127 cases with APL were found in our hospital database. We collected their coagulation laboratory profiles, including leukemia burdens, white blood cell and platelet counts, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen levels, and disseminated intravascular coagulation scores. Data were compared between patients with or without thrombosis. Clinical outcomes and potential risk factors were obtained for analysis. Ten cases with APL-associated thrombosis were found. The incidence of thrombosis was 7.9% in our cohort. Five patients had cerebral infarction, 5 had catheter-related thrombosis and 1 had acute myocardial infarction. No laboratory data were associated with clinical thrombosis. Three patients died during the induction phase but thrombosis was not the direct cause of death for any of them. We conclude that patients with APL are susceptible to thrombosis in addition to bleeding. Laboratory coagulation parameters did not predict thrombosis in our series. Ischemic stroke and catheter-related thrombosis were the most common events in our Taiwanese cohort. Such a thrombosis pattern is unique and worth further investigation.
Efficacy and Safety of Postdilatation to Reduce Paravalvular Regurgitation During Balloon-Expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Daneault Benoit , Koss Elana , Hahn Rebecca T. , Kodali Susheel , Williams Mathew R. , Généreux Philippe , Paradis Jean-Michel , George Isaac , Reiss George R. , Moses Jeffrey W. , Smith Craig R. , Leon Martin B.
Published: January 2013

Background—

Paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) is common after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and may be associated with adverse outcomes. Postdilatation (PD) has been proposed to treat PVR without being formally studied. We performed a study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PD after balloon expandable TAVR.

Methods and Results—

Consecutive cases of TAVR were reviewed for clinical outcomes. Procedural transesophageal echocardiography imaging was reviewed for a subgroup of consecutive patients. PVR areas seen on a short-axis view were measured immediately after deployment, after PD, and at the completion of the study. Stent dimensions measured using angiography and the Paieon’s C-THV system pre- and post-PD were compared. Between May 2007 and November 2011, 259 patients underwent TAVR at our institution. PD was performed in 106 patients (41%). These patients had larger annulus, lower cover-index; more often had transfemoral access and implantation of a 26 mm valve. There was a nonsignificant greater rate of cerebrovascular events in PD patients. There was no significant difference in major aortic injury and permanent pacemaker implantation rates between groups. TTE studies were reviewed in 58 patients (35 with PD and 23 without PD). PD patients had larger PVR areas immediately after deployment (40.3±17.1 versus 15.4±14.2 mm
2
;
P
<0.0001). There was significant reduction in PVR area attributable to PD (21.7±9.3 mm
2
;
P
<0.0001). Spontaneous regression of PVR was seen in both groups. PD increased stent dimensions.

Conclusions—

This study demonstrates the efficacy of PD at reducing PVR in patients with greater than mild PVR after balloon-expandable TAVR.
Neuroimaging Findings in Cryptogenic Stroke Patients With and Without Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: Thaler David E. , Ruthazer Robin , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Di Tullio Marco R. , Donovan Jennifer S. , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Griffith John , Homma Shunichi , Jaigobin Cheryl , Mas Jean-Louis , Mattle Heinrich P. , Michel Patrik , Mono Marie-Luise , Nedeltchev Krassen , Papetti Federica , Serena Joaquín , Weimar Christian , Kent David M.
Published: January 2013

Background and Purpose—

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) and cryptogenic stroke are commonly associated but some PFOs are incidental. Specific radiological findings associated with PFO may be more likely to indicate a PFO-related cause. We examined whether specific radiological findings are associated with PFO among subjects with cryptogenic stroke and known PFO status.

Methods—

We analyzed the Risk of Paradoxical Embolism(RoPE) Study database of subjects with cryptogenic stroke and known PFO status, for associations between PFO and: (1) index stroke seen on imaging, (2) index stroke size, (3) index stroke location, (4) multiple index strokes, and (5) prior stroke on baseline imaging. We also compared imaging with purported high-risk echocardiographic features.

Results—

Subjects (N=2680) were significantly more likely to have a PFO if their index stroke was large (odds ratio [OR], 1.36;
P
=0.0025), seen on index imaging (OR, 1.53;
P
=0.003), and superficially located (OR, 1.54;
P
<0.0001). A prior stroke on baseline imaging was associated with not having a PFO (OR, 0.66;
P
<0.0001). Finding multiple index strokes was unrelated to PFO status (OR, 1.21;
P
=0.161). No echocardiographic variables were related to PFO status.

Conclusions—

This is the largest study to report the radiological characteristics of patients with cryptogenic stroke and known PFO status. Strokes that were large, radiologically apparent, superficially located, or unassociated with prior radiological infarcts were more likely to be PFO-associated than were unapparent, smaller, or deep strokes, and those accompanied by chronic infarcts. There was no association between PFO and multiple acute strokes nor between specific echocardiographic PFO features with neuroimaging findings.
Unmaking Neoliberal Europe: Capitalist Crisis and the Search for Alternatives
Authors: Schmidt Ingo
Published: January 2013

Abstract

The first part of this article situates the Euro-crisis in the larger context of the world economic crisis 2008/9 and then looks at the imbalances between creditor and debtor countries within the Euro-zone. These imbalances predate the introduction of the Euro, but sharpened massively since the start of European Monetary Union. These imbalances are the economic core of the Euro-crisis. The second part of the article looks at economic policies and argues that the austerity measures prescribed by the EU Commission, European Central Bank, and International Monetary Fund (IMF) deepened the economic crisis and led to the outbreak of an already looming crisis of legitimacy in the Euro-zone and the EU at large. This latter crisis fosters economic nationalism and thus impedes any kind of EU-level response to the Euro-crisis.
Paradox of Globalization: New Arab Publics? New Social Contract?
Authors: DeVriese Leila
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Because social media is playing an irrefutable role in the Arab Spring uprisings the central question in this article is to what extent Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in general, and social media in specific, are contributing to the democratization of the public sphere and shifting the monopoly on agenda setting in the Arab Gulf, particularly in the case of Bahrain? How will these technologies continue to shape contentious politics in the Middle East and will their utility for democratizing and expanding the public sphere persist in the aftermath of the Arab Spring? Or will the increasing liberalization of media and freedom of expression that had preceded the Arab Spring experience a repressive backlash as authoritarian states attempt to clamp down on social and traditional media—or even harness them for their own purposes as seen by Facebook intimidation campaigns against activists in Bahrain last Spring. Finally—using the lens of social movement theory—what repertoires of contention and political opportunity structures will pro-democracy activists use to keep their campaigns alive? Activists in the Gulf have not only incorporated the ICTs into their repertoire, but have also changed substantially what counts as activism, what counts as community, collective identity, democratic space, public sphere, and political strategy. Ironically this new technology has succeeded in reviving and expanding the practice of discursive dialog that had once characterized traditional tribal politics in the Arabian Peninsula.
Globalization and the Crisis of Democracy
Authors: Harris Jerry , Davidson Carl
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Democracy and economic rights developed as part of capitalism because of the historic struggles of the working class and poor. Consequently the social contract became an important element in maintaining the legitimacy of the system. But globalization has freed the transnational capitalist class from its historic national commitments. Instead we see an emerging technocratic authoritarianism that differs from twentieth century fascism.
“Globals” and the American Dream: A Survey of Student Aspirations in an American Studies Course
Authors: Hauhart Robert C. , Birkenstein Jeff
Published: January 2013

Abstract

The American Dream is a powerful ideology that generates overwhelming support from our fairly typical group of American college students. In order to examine this phenomenon more carefully, we conducted a qualitative study of our team-taught, interdisciplinary undergraduate course, entitled “Chasing the American Dream.” Answers to an in-class student survey over two semesters confirmed and enlarged our understanding of the nature of The American Dream. We believe that the Dream seems to achieve its effect in part by its high level of abstraction and generality. Thus, the American Dream is, effectively, an empty basket into which any American can place his/her hopes and aspirations. One can, for example, conceive of an entirely traditional domestic American Dream or one can re-conceive of a twenty-first century globalist Dream. As one breaks down the level of abstraction, generality, and mystery regarding the Dream concept, the support for various features of the Dream—as well as one’s likely success in achieving the Dream—becomes less strong.
A checklist of nematode parasites from Indonesian murids
Authors: DEWI KARTIKA , PURWANINGSIH ENDANG
Published: January 2013

A checklist of nematode parasites from Indonesian murids with their geographic distribution is presented. This checklist is compiled from three sources: the catalogue of nematode parasites of Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (unpublished specimens in the collection), data from our previous research and articles on nematodes of Indonesian murids. This checklist is presented as a list of nematode parasites with host information, and a host list with information on their nematodes. This paper reports 38 nominal species of nematodes and 13 species identified to the generic level only. The nematodes reported comprise 32 genera and 17 families parasitizing 32 species of Indonesian murids.
The Impact of Varied Discrimination Parameters on Mixed-Format Item Response Theory Model Selection
Authors: Whittaker Tiffany A. , Chang Wanchen , Dodd Barbara G.
Published: January 2013

Whittaker, Chang, and Dodd compared the performance of model selection criteria when selecting among mixed-format IRT models and found that the criteria did not perform adequately when selecting the more parameterized models. It was suggested by M. S. Johnson that the problems when selecting the more parameterized models may be because of the low variance of the discrimination parameters used to generate the data. This simulation study reproduced the Whittaker et al. study by incorporating more variability in the discrimination parameter estimates used to generate the data. The results indicated that the majority of the criteria performed more accurately when selecting the more parameterized models. Differences among the criteria performance under certain conditions and implications for model selection practice are discussed.
Monomer-Collagen Interactions Studied by Saturation Transfer Difference NMR
Authors: Hiraishi N. , Tochio N. , Kigawa T. , Otsuki M. , Tagami J.
Published: January 2013

Functional monomers in dentin adhesives are involved in wetting dental substrates, demineralization, and the formation of calcium salts. However, the interaction of these monomers with collagen is not understood at a molecular/atomic level. We performed saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy to investigate the binding interaction of 2 functional monomers, 4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META) and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogenphosphate (MDP), with atelocollagen as a triple-helical peptide model. High STD intensities were detected on the protons in the aliphatic region in MDP, whereas they were not detected for 4-META. The STD results imply that MDP has a relatively stable interaction with the collagen, because of the hydrophobic interactions between the hydrophobic MDP moieties and the hydrophobic collagen surface. This finding indicates that MDP-collagen complexation accounts for stable dentin bonding.
Methamphetamine Users’ Perceptions of Exchanging Drugs for Money
Authors: Chalmers Jenny , Bradford Deborah
Published: January 2013

Trust, between regular buyers and sellers, is thought to underpin retail-level illicit drug markets, discouraging sellers from taking advantage of buyers. Although dealers report rewarding regular, trusted customers with assured purity, less is known about their customers’ experience of trust. Interviews with 101 methamphetamine users in New South Wales, Australia, confirm that users establish ongoing relationships with dealers. Irrespective of their level of methamphetamine use, some users trust their main dealer to supply a fair deal, whereas others expect to be taken advantage of. The study identified factors other than trust that might regulate dealer behavior. Methamphetamine use ebbs and flows. Users source drugs from multiple dealers, substitute other drugs for methamphetamine, and some buy a range of drugs from the one dealer. Our findings emphasize the complexity of factors that influence decisions about purchasing illicit drugs and point to a more holistic view of what regulates dealer behavior.
Testing the Gender Effect in Drug and Alcohol Treatment
Authors: Liang Bin , Long Michael A.
Published: January 2013

Though research on drug and driving under the influence (DUI) courts increased significantly in the past two decades, very little has focused on women’s participation in these programs and how gender may have influenced clients’ performance, despite the call of feminist criminologists that entry into crime and substance abuse is different for women. Based on data collected from Tulsa County DUI and Drug programs in Oklahoma, this study examines the impact of gender on clients’ performance in both programs. In addition to identifying associations between clients’ gender and demographics, criminal history, addiction problems, and other medical and mental health problems, this study explores gender’s impact on both program progress (e.g., program length, use of sanctions, relapse) and final outcome (termination vs. graduation). Data show that different factors are associated with female entry into drug and DUI courts and successful completion of the program compared with men, which calls for gender tailored treatment for women.
A Cohesion Model to Assess Military Arbitration of Revolutions
Authors: Lehrke Jesse Paul
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this article is to outline a model of cohesion useful for assessing military arbitration of revolutions. Current approaches to the study of revolution are not able to adequately integrate the military into their analysis. To remedy the lack of appropriate tools, this article outlines a model of cohesion that may be useful for conceptualizing and examining the behavior of military forces during domestic political crises. Building on the so-called standard model of cohesion, the article develops a cohesion-coordinated action model that incorporates a structural social cohesion element and a voluntarist-coordinated action element, both of which also capture the relations and interactions between the military, the regime, and the opposition. It thereby fulfils the requirements that a model must possess but where other approaches fall short. The article concludes by outlining how this model can be used in further research in order to advance the study of the military’s role in revolutions.
Recognition of amodal language identity emerges in infancy
Authors: Lewkowicz David J. , Pons Ferran
Published: January 2013

Audiovisual speech consists of overlapping and invariant patterns of dynamic acoustic and optic articulatory information. Research has shown that infants can perceive a variety of basic auditory-visual (A-V) relations but no studies have investigated whether and when infants begin to perceive higher order A-V relations inherent in speech. Here, we asked whether and when do infants become capable of recognizing amodal language identity, a critical perceptual skill that is necessary for the development of multisensory communication. Because, at a minimum, such a skill requires the ability to perceive suprasegmental auditory and visual linguistic information, we predicted that this skill would not emerge before higher-level speech processing and multisensory perceptual skills emerge. Consistent with this prediction, we found that recognition of the amodal identity of language emerges at 10–12 months of age but that when it emerges it is restricted to infants’ native language.
Benevolent Consort or Dangerous Adversary? The Accommodation of the Goddess in the Hymns of the Tamil Śaiva Saint Appar
Authors: Mahalakshmi R.
Published: January 2013

The Tamil Bhakti tradition has variously been understood as a literary efflorescence, religious revival, or an ideological tool through which social tensions were eased. In this article, I highlight the significance of bhakti or devotion as an ideology that transformed the cultural landscape of Tamiḻakam, through its proponents’ invocation of the sectarian deities Śiva and Viṣṇu. The Śaiva saint Appar’s patikam, composed between the mid-sixth and mid-seventh century AD, reveals this process in the typical fashion: through the introduction of Śiva along with his divine pantheon, the Puranic mythologies, and representations of conflict and accommodation in particular sacred sites. There are many instances where goddesses are invoked as benevolent consorts on the one hand, and as dangerous adversaries on the other. While it is the Brahmanical female deities who are clearly given representation, although in a marginal manner, the choice of specific sites to explicate certain motifs, such as that of a dance contest between the goddess and Śiva, indicates the manner in which local goddess traditions and cult spots were appropriated and accommodated within the Brahmanical tradition. As the loving spouse, the goddess is presented as the perfect foil to Śiva, while as the aggressive independent female deity she is depicted as his anti-thesis. The goddess may not have been the recipient of Appar’s bhakti fervour by herself, but as a result of her engagements with Śiva, she was included in the ideational world of devotion.
Tango programme for individuals with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Pinniger Rosa , Brown Rhonda F , Thorsteinsson Einar B , McKinley Patricia
Published: January 2013

Recent research shows that tango dance is an absorbing and effective strategy to reduce levels of depression, while also increasing well-being. This study investigates the feasibility, acceptability, and adherence to a tango programme for individuals with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Depression is closely intertwined with the ARMD diagnosis, since the loss of central vision has a profoundly negative impact on the person’s quality of life. Seventeen participants were randomised to tango dance (1.5 h, 2 times/week for 4 weeks) or wait-list control condition. Demographic questions and Visual Function Questionnaire were taken at pre-test. Self-rated symptoms of depression, self-esteem, and satisfaction-with-life were assessed at pre-test and post-test. Tango group participants showed significant reductions in depression and significantly increased satisfaction-with-life and self-esteem at post-test relative to the controls, and reported physical improvement, including increased balance. Tango dance was demonstrated to be a feasible and positive activity for this population.
Impact of modifying priming components and fluid administration using miniaturized circuitry in neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Darling Edward , Harris-Holloway Sandra , Kern Frank H , Ungerleider Ross , Jaggers James , Lawson Scott , Shearer Ian
Published: January 2013

Following a succession of changes in circuitry and priming additives between 1993 and 1998, a comprehensive re-evaluation of neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) practice was undertaken. Samples from 10 infants (Group 1) undergoing CPB were evaluated for osmolality, oncotic pressure, total protein, hematocrit, glucose, and electrolytes (Na+, K+, iCa2+). These samples were tested at six measurement points: (1) after priming, (2) patient pre-CPB, (3) CPB-start, (4) CPB-mid, (5) CPB-end, and (6) post-modified ultrafiltration (MUF). Prime volumes were also carefully measured as well as the type and amount of volume given during CPB. After evaluating the initial data, changes in protocol regarding mannitol, calcium correction, and oncotic strength on CPB were made. Following implementation of these protocol changes, a second set (Group 2) of 10 infants was identically evaluated.

Group 1 prime osmolality was 379 ± 44 mOsm/kg, while Group 2 prime osmolality was 324 ± 14 mOsm/kg ( p = 0.003). There were no differences in osmolality between groups during bypass and osmolality was unaffected by modified ultrafiltration. Ionized calcium levels were significantly different at the end of bypass between Group 1, 0.6 ± 0.1 mmol/l; and Group 2, 1.17 ± 0.24 mmol/l ( p < 0.001). In Group 1, there was a 40% drop ( p = 0.001) in colloid osmotic pressure (COP) levels from pre-CPB (13.3 ± 3.4 mmHg) to CPB-end (8.8 ± 1.2 mmHg). In Group 2, there were no differences in COP during CPB. COP levels of Group 1 and Group 2 at CPB-end were 8.8 ± 1.2 mmHg and 14 ± 1.9, respectively ( p < 0.0001). Total volume addition during bypass for Group 1 was 363.5 ± 148.7 ml and for Group 2 was 245.1 ± 92.2 ml ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, progressive changes in neonatal circuits and techniques can have potentially wide-ranging effects on electrolyte and osmotic/oncotic homeostasis. An audit of perfusion management through expanded laboratory tests is recommended, especially in periods of change.