bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity and Accuracy of Doppler Ultrasound Compared to CT Angiography for the Diagnosis of Carotid Webs: Systematic Review
Authors: Serôdio Miguel , Soares Maria Fátima , Muxagata Tiago , Almeida Vanessa , Fonseca Ana Catarina
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Carotid webs (CaWs) are increasingly recognized as a cause of cryptogenic acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Due to the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke associated with CaW, it is important to identify them. Although several studies report digital subtraction angiography and computerized tomography angiography (CTA) to be better at diagnosing CaW than Doppler ultrasound (DUS), it remains to be defined which is the best radiological method to diagnose CaW. Our aim was to evaluate sensitivity and accuracy of DUS compared to CTA for CaW diagnosis. Methods: We searched PUBMED and EMBASE databases from inception through August 2022. We included studies with patients with CaW diagnosed by DUS and/or CTA, in which both methods were used in each patient. Demographic characteristics, diagnostic reports of each method, and histology reports were collected. Descriptive analysis and sensitivity and accuracy estimates were made to evaluate DUS compared to CTA. Results: We included 27 articles in the systematic review (121 patients with CaW). DUS identified 94 patients with CaW and CTA 116 patients. DUS missed diagnosis in 22.3% (27 patients) and CTA did not identify CaW detected by DUS in 4.13% (5 patients). Accuracy rate between DUS and CTA was 73.6% (95% CI: 64.8–81.2%). Sensitivity of DUS to diagnose CaW compared to CTA was 76.7% (95% CI: 68.0–84.1%). Most common misdiagnosis with DUS was normal exam (44.4%), atherosclerosis (22.2%), and dissection (22.2%). Conclusion: The sensitivity and accuracy of DUS to diagnosis of CaW were moderate. It might detect CaW in some cases in which it was not identified by CTA. Increased recognition of CaW and specific ultrasound protocols may enhance diagnosis of CaW by DUS.
Notas de introdução a Sérvio Sulpício Rufo
Authors: Macedo Gustavo Costa
Published: November 2023

O presente texto, tendo em vista o estágio atual das pesquisas romanísticas, possui a finalidade de introduzir os principais elementos necessários à compreensão do jurista tardo-republicano Sérvio Sulpício Rufo. Para tanto, introduz-se um breve epítome sobre a biografia e sobre as obras do autor, elucidando como se deve interpretá-las em relação ao seu modo de apresentação nas fontes romanas, concluindo-se, ao fim, com uma suma sobre o método de interpretação do jurista.
O paradoxo da alternativa chinesa de desenvolvimento: ensinamentos do professor Roberto Mangabeira Unger
Authors: Germanò Marco André
Published: November 2023

A obra do professor Mangabeira Unger estende-se sobre distintas facetas da experiência humana, analisando e comparando diferentes exemplos nacionais de transformação política e econômica. Dentre os casos estudados, merecem atenção seus escritos sobre a China, país marcado por uma história ímpar de experimentalismos institucionais em um regime político caracterizado pela liderança de um partido-Estado comunista. O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a obra de Unger sobre a China, em específico, o seu exame sobre a relação paradoxal entre Estado, mercado e sociedade chineses. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica, examinam-se os apontamentos do autor ao longo das últimas quatro décadas, traçando paralelos, quando possível, com o atual contexto político-econômico chinês. A partir da análise da sua obra, conclui-se que o paradoxo apontado por Unger, nos anos 1990, entre experimentalismo institucional e contingências políticas, permanece impreterivelmente atual, ainda que a aparente tensão que poderia impulsionar uma democratização do regime comunista não tenha se confirmado. Ainda assim, o caso chinês, que antes constituía mais uma das experiências alternativas de cunho comunista, agora conforma eixo modular da política e da economia mundial, capaz de influenciar as dinâmicas socioeconômicas globais. Destarte, cabe refletir sobre as oportunidades e os limites que a alternativa chinesa apresenta a partir dos ensinamentos do professor Unger, em especial no campo jurídico-econômico a países em desenvolvimento.
Cyclin D-CDK4 Disulfide Bond Attenuates Pulmonary Vascular Cell Proliferation
Authors: Knight Hannah , Abis Giancarlo , Kaur Manpreet , Green Hannah L.H. , Krasemann Susanne , Hartmann Kristin , Lynham Steven , Clark James , Zhao Lan , Ruppert Clemens , Weiss Astrid , Schermuly Ralph T. , Eaton Philip , Rudyk Olena
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic vascular disease characterized, among other abnormalities, by hyperproliferative smooth muscle cells and a perturbed cellular redox and metabolic balance. Oxidants induce cell cycle arrest to halt proliferation; however, little is known about the redox-regulated effector proteins that mediate these processes. Here, we report a novel kinase-inhibitory disulfide bond in cyclin D-CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4) and investigate its role in cell proliferation and PH.

METHODS:

Oxidative modifications of cyclin D-CDK4 were detected in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Site-directed mutagenesis, tandem mass-spectrometry, cell-based experiments, in vitro kinase activity assays, in silico structural modeling, and a novel redox-dead constitutive knock-in mouse were utilized to investigate the nature and definitively establish the importance of CDK4 cysteine modification in pulmonary vascular cell proliferation. Furthermore, the cyclin D-CDK4 oxidation was assessed in vivo in the pulmonary arteries and isolated human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and in 3 preclinical models of PH.

RESULTS:

Cyclin D-CDK4 forms a reversible oxidant-induced heterodimeric disulfide dimer between C7/8 and C135, respectively, in cells in vitro and in pulmonary arteries in vivo to inhibit cyclin D-CDK4 kinase activity, decrease Rb (retinoblastoma) protein phosphorylation, and induce cell cycle arrest. Mutation of CDK4 C135 causes a kinase-impaired phenotype, which decreases cell proliferation rate and alleviates disease phenotype in an experimental mouse PH model, suggesting this cysteine is indispensable for cyclin D-CDK4 kinase activity. Pulmonary arteries and human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension display a decreased level of CDK4 disulfide, consistent with CDK4 being hyperactive in human pulmonary arterial hypertension. Furthermore, auranofin treatment, which induces the cyclin D-CDK4 disulfide, attenuates disease severity in experimental PH models by mitigating pulmonary vascular remodeling.

CONCLUSIONS:

A novel disulfide bond in cyclin D-CDK4 acts as a rapid switch to inhibit kinase activity and halt cell proliferation. This oxidative modification forms at a critical cysteine residue, which is unique to CDK4, offering the potential for the design of a selective covalent inhibitor predicted to be beneficial in PH.
Intracranial Atherosclerosis Disease Associated With Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Sabayan Behnam , Goudarzi Roham , Ji Yuekai , Borhani‐Haghighi Afshin , Olson‐Bullis Barbara A. , Murray Anne M. , Sedaghat Sanaz
Published: November 2023

Background

Intracranial atherosclerosis disease (ICAD) alters cerebrovascular hemodynamics and brain structural integrity. Multiple studies have evaluated the link between ICAD and cognitive impairment, with mixed results. This study aims to systematically review and summarize the current evidence on this link.

Methods and Results

PubMed, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and Web of Science were searched from 2000 to 2023 without language restriction. Cross‐sectional and prospective cohort studies as well as postmortem studies were included. Studies containing data on the link between ICAD, defined as at least 50% stenosis in 1 intracranial vessel, and cognitive impairment and dementia were screened by 2 independent reviewers. A total of 22 (17 observational and 5 postmortem) unique studies, comprising 11 184 individuals (average age range, 59.8–87.6 years; 45.7% women; 36.5% Asian race), were included in the systematic review. Seven of 10 cross‐sectional studies and 5 of 7 prospective studies showed a significant association between ICAD and cognitive impairment. In the pooled analysis, ICAD was associated with greater cognitive impairment (measure of association, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.49–2.35]). Meta‐regression analyses did not show a significant impact of age, sex, and race. All postmortem studies showed that patients with Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia had a higher burden of ICAD compared with controls.

Conclusions

This study shows that ICAD is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia across age, sex, and race groups. Our findings may underscore the need to develop individualized dementia preventive care plans in patients with ICAD.
“Wars without Gun Smoke”: Global Supply Chains, Power Transitions, and Economic Statecraft
Authors: Chen Ling S. , Evers Miles M.
Published: November 2023

Conventional wisdom holds that conflict is highly likely during a power transition between declining and rising powers. The spread of global supply chains has provided new economic weapons for great powers waging these conflicts, but the businesses that constitute global supply chains can make it harder or easier for them to do so. A structural theory of business-state relations shows how power transitions affect a state's ability to exercise economic statecraft. As a dominant power and a rising power approach parity, they face structural incentives to use economic statecraft to decouple their economies. The resulting threat to businesses’ profits changes business-state relations: high-value businesses within the dominant power tend to oppose their state's use of economic statecraft, whereas low-value businesses within the rising power tend to cooperate with their state's use of economic statecraft. The Anglo-German power transition from 1890 to 1914 and the U.S.-China power transition since 1990 illustrate the theory. The findings shift scholarly debates on the use of economic statecraft in modern great power competition and have policy implications for weaponizing supply chains against rising powers like China.
Myrmecridium hydei, a novel marine species from Thailand
Authors: ASGHARI RAHELEH , PHUKHAMSAKDA CHAYANARD , KARIMI OMID , APURILLO CARLO CHRIS S. , JONES E.B. GARETH
Published: November 2023

Myrmecridium hydei was isolated from decaying branch of Areca species submerged in seawater from Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand. The new species is supported by phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS and LSU sequence data. Myrmecridium hydei formed a distinct clade from M. phragmitigenum, M. phragmiticola and M. sambuci with moderate statistical support. The species also differs from other Myrmecridium species by having a longer sympodial, straight or flexuous to geniculate-sinuous conidiophore and obovoid or fusoid to irregular, guttulate conidia without a wing-like sheath. Myrmecridium hydei is described as a novel species based on morphology and phylogeny.
Myxospora poaceicola sp. nov. (Stachybotryaceae, Hypocreales), a novel myrothecium-like fungus from Digitaria sanguinalis (Poaceae)
Authors: CHEN YANPENG , LU ZHENGHUA , FARAJ TURKI KH. , MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA SAJEEWA S. N.
Published: November 2023

Fungi belonging to the family Stachybotryaceae play crucial roles in ecosystem dynamics, particularly in decomposing plant materials and pathogens on plants and animals. In this study, we report the isolation of two hitherto unknown hyphomycetous and myrothecium-like fungi collected from two different Poaceae plants in Sichuan Province, China. Molecular analysis based on ITS, LSU, TEF1, RPB2, TUB2, and CAL sequences of newly isolated strains revealed that they represent a previously undescribed species within the genus Myxospora. Phylogenetic investigations employing both maximum-likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods indicated that the new species forms a sister clade with M. masonii and M. graminicola. Nevertheless, M. poaceicola is distinct from these closely related species within the genus by having longer synnemata and wider conidia. We formally designate it as Myxospora poaceicola sp. nov. With the addition of M. poaceicola, the genus Myxospora now comprises six species. This discovery sheds light on the diversity of Myxospora fungi and underscores the importance of further taxonomic exploration in this genus.
Description of fifty-one new species and new taxonomic arrangement for the E. sexdens group of the subgenus Edessa (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae, Edessa)
Authors: MENDONÇA MARIA THAYANE DA SILVA , SILVA VALÉRIA JULIETE DA , FERNANDES JOSÉ ANTÔNIO MARIN
Published: November 2023

Within the subfamily Edessinae, Edessa Fabricius, 1803 is the genus with the most nomenclatural and taxonomic issues, basically related to the large number of poorly described species and the large number of new species. Furthermore, for many groups of morphologically similar species, certain names are used as “tag names”, adding to confusion and misidentification. The genus Edessa has been studied in small groups of species, either informal morphological groups within the genus or formal subgenera. Recently the nominal subgenus was revised and delimited, including the group E. sexdens. The E. sexdens group is diagnosed by a combination of characters such as anterior arms of metasternal process with excavated apex; connexival segments with a pair of dark spots; ventral surface of abdomen elevated medially; presence of a shallow rounded excavation near each spiracle; pygophore with union of dorsal rim and posterolateral angles with a groove, superior processes of the genital cup laminar, oblique to the paramere and continued ventrally by a carina; and paramere with three lobes. The biology of species in this group is almost unknown and most species have been collected in the Amazon region, particularly in the Brazilian Amazon. This group is the largest, in number of species, within the subgenus Edessa, presenting a surprising number of new species. In this article, fifty-one species new to science are described and Olbia magnifica Pirán, 1958 is transferred to Edessa. The composition of the E. sexdens group is updated to 74 species (23 previously described and 51 described here). The identification key to the species of the E. sexdens group is updated, and maps with the distribution of the new species are presented.
A preliminary checklist of the praying mantids of Comoé National Park, Ivory Coast (Insecta: Mantodea)
Authors: SCHWARZ CHRISTIAN J. , POHL MARIUS , FRANK ERIK T.
Published: November 2023

The Comoé National Park (CNP), located in the north-eastern part of the Ivory Coast, is strongly influenced by the river Comoé, which is eponymous for the park. Gallery forests along the river, forest islands, open grasslands, bush and tree savannas of various densities offer diverse habitats that harbor both forest and savannah praying mantis species. We present a preliminary checklist of praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of the CNP. Specimens were collected in 2000 and 2017‒2019, resulting in 35 species in 13 families. Two species, Ischnomantis werneri (Giglio-Tos 1916) and Solygia sulcatifrons (Audinet-Serville 1838), were recorded for the first time in Ivory Coast. Additional 47 species, which are expected to occur in the CNP, are listed here.
Miniaturized and Portable Laser Gas Sensor for Standoff Methane Detection With Non-Cooperative Targets
Authors: Li Jinyi , Ma Wei , Wang Zebin , Zhou Yun , He Lingui , Lin Ming , Ji Yue
Published: November 2023

A standoff methane (CH4) sensor with actual hard topographic targets (usually called non-cooperative targets) is essential for natural gas pipeline leakage inspection and many other practical applications. To address this requirement, a miniaturized and low-power-consumption gas sensor was developed based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy for standoff CH4 detection with a non-cooperative target. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy with a 1 f normalized 2 f detection method was employed for calibration-free CH4 measurement. A Kalman filter algorithm was used to improve the precision of the detection. The performance of the standoff CH4 sensor was evaluated comprehensively under various conditions, including different incident angles, different hard topographic targets, and different standoff distances. The results show that the measurement precision is 0.107% and the sensitivity is 4.08 parts per million per meter (ppm·m) with a time resolution of 1 s and a standoff distance of 40 m. The detection limit can achieve 1.24 ppm·m at an optimal integration time of 70 s. This sensor can be easily integrated into mobile platforms, which lays the foundation for intelligent leak inspection.
Preface to the Special Issue on Assessment and Effectiveness of Driver Monitoring Systems
Authors: Biondi Francesco N. , Horrey William J. , Donmez Birsen
Published: November 2023

With vehicle automation becoming more commonplace, the role of the human driver is shifting from that of system operator to that of system supervisor. With this shift comes the risk of drivers becoming more disengaged from the task of supervising the system functioning, thus increasing the need for technology to keep drivers alert. This special issue includes the most up-to-date research on how drivers use vehicle automation, and the safety risks it may pose. It also investigates the accuracy that driver monitoring systems have in detecting conditions like driver distraction and drowsiness, and explores ways future drivers may respond to the broader introduction of this technology on passenger vehicles.
The Indonesian Version of the Flourishing Scale: Is it Reliable and Valid for Indonesian People?
Authors: Nurcahyo Firmanto Adi , Valentina Tience Debora
Published: November 2023

The Flourishing Scale (FS) was developed to measure individual psychological well-being. The FS was developed based on psychological well-being theories that include meaning and purpose in life, involvement in activities, social relationships, and feelings of competence. The psychometric properties of the FS have been studied in several countries. However, research that provides reports on reliability and validity for the Indonesian version of the FS is limited. The aim of the study was, therefore, to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of FS which include reliability, internal structure, and convergent validity. 1129 respondents completed the FS, Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE), and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients indicate a good internal consistency of the FS. The result of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed that a single-factor structure of the FS fit to the data. The result of the Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed measurement invariance across two subsamples. The results of the correlation test show a significant correlation between the FS with the SPANE and PHQ-9. Taken together, the Indonesian version of the FS can be considered a reliable and valid instrument to measure psychological well-being for Indonesian people.
Public policies and governance of the 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games: Potential impacts on territorial development in north-east Paris
Authors: Gignon Alexia
Published: November 2023

This article looks at the impact of public policies relating to the Olympic Games in the north-east Paris area in the run-up to the Paris 2024 Games. It is based on a qualitative survey (semi-structured interviews and observations/immersion) of the different stakeholders involved with the aim of identifying the divergences and convergences between them. The article seeks to analyse how the stakeholders are using this event to benefit the regions and their residents. The engagement on the part of the City of Paris and the surrounding areas highlights their common goals as well as their specificities.
Potential prognostic biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma based on 4D label-free quantitative proteomics analysis pilot investigation
Authors: Suo Lida , Liang Xiangnan , Zhang Weibin , Gao Mingwei , Ma Taiheng , Hu Daosheng , Song Yilin , Gao Zhenming
Published: November 2023

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma carries a poor prognosis and poses a serious threat to global health. Currently, there are few potential prognostic biomarkers available for the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods

This pilot study used 4D label-free quantitative proteomics to compare the proteomes of hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent non-tumor tissue. A total of 66,075 peptides, 6363 identified proteins, and 772 differentially expressed proteins were identified in specimens from three hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Through functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed proteins by Gene Ontology, KEGG pathway, and protein domain, we identified proteins with similar functions.

Results

Twelve differentially expressed proteins (RPL17, RPL27, RPL27A, RPS5, RPS16, RSL1D1, DDX18, RRP12, TARS2, YARS2, MARS2, and NARS1) were selected for identification and validation by parallel reaction monitoring. Subsequent Western blotting confirmed overexpression of RPL27, RPS16, and TARS2 in hepatocellular carcinoma compared to non-tumor tissue in 16 pairs of clinical samples. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets associated the increased expression of these proteins with poor prognosis. Tissue microarray revealed a negative association between high expression of RPL27 and TARS2 and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients, although RPS16 was not significant.

Conclusions

These data suggest that RPL27 and TARS2 play an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma progression and may be potential prognostic biomarkers of overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Correlation analysis between cytokines’ profile, autoimmune antibodies and the duration of type 1 diabetes: A case control study in a specialized children’s centre in Riyadh
Authors: Al-Dubayee Mohammed , Babiker Amir , Alkewaibeen Abdulaziz , Alkhalifah Abdulrahman , Alanazi Tammam , Nogoud Maysa , Alotaibi Anas , Alotaibi Faisal , Almetairi Firas , Alrowaily Mohammed A , Masuadi Emad , Nasr Amre
Published: November 2023

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of cytokines in children with T1D living in Saudi Arabia and their correlation with disease duration and autoimmune antibody markers.

Methods:

A case-control study was conducted in the endocrine clinic of King Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital in Riyadh. A total of 274 T1D and healthy control children were enrolled in the study. 5 mL of venous blood samples were collected in the morning after 9 to 12 h of fasting in BD Vacutainer® EDTA tubes and centrifuged at 250 g for 15 min at. Plasma was then stored at −20°C for detection of anti-islet, anti-GAD antibodies (Abs), and C-peptide using commercial ELISA kits from Thermo Fisher Scientific. The levels of cytokines were measured using commercial sandwich ELISA kits from Abcam.

Results:

Median differences in cytokine levels (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-18, IL-21, IL-35, and IL-37) were significantly higher in T1D patients compared with healthy controls ( p-value < .001). Spearman’s Rho correlation indicated that TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-21 correlated significantly with T1D Abs ( p-value = .01). HbA1C correlated negatively with IL-35 and IL-37, and positively with IL-18 ( p-value = .01). Linear regression analysis showed a significant increase in anti-glutamic acid antibodies (GAD) in patients with >3 years of T1D duration.

Conclusion:

Autoantibodies remained positive at high levels in our patients over a 3-year duration of the disease and correlated with specific cytokines. The clear correlations with disease duration and profile of specific cytokines could be targets for future therapeutic interventions.
Bridging Qualitative Data Silos: The Potential of Reusing Codings Through Machine Learning Based Cross-Study Code Linking
Authors: Wildemann Sergej , Niederée Claudia , Elejalde Erick
Published: November 2023

For qualitative data analysis (QDA), researchers assign codes to text segments to arrange the information into topics or concepts. These annotations facilitate information retrieval and the identification of emerging patterns in unstructured data. However, this metadata is typically not published or reused after the research. Subsequent studies with similar research questions require a new definition of codes and do not benefit from other analysts’ experience. Machine learning (ML) based classification seeded with such data remains a challenging task due to the ambiguity of code definitions and the inherent subjectivity of the exercise. Previous attempts to support QDA using ML rely on linear models and only examined individual datasets that were either smaller or coded specifically for this purpose. However, we show that modern approaches effectively capture at least part of the codes’ semantics and may generalize to multiple studies. We analyze the performance of multiple classifiers across three large real-world datasets. Furthermore, we propose an ML-based approach to identify semantic relations of codes in different studies to show thematic faceting, enhance retrieval of related content, or bootstrap the coding process. These are encouraging results that suggest how analysts might benefit from prior interpretation efforts, potentially yielding new insights into qualitative data.
Synchronization and vibration absorption analysis of a dual-body vibrating screen driven by multiple motors with double-frequency actuation
Authors: Kang Weitang , Fang Pan , Yuan Qinghong , Hou Yongjun , Jian Xu , Wang Huaping
Published: November 2023

Vibrating screen is the pivotal equipment of solid control in drilling mud purification system. With the continuous upgrading of rapid drilling technology, the conventional single-body vibrating screen with the same-frequency excitation is difficult to satisfy the needs of current drilling operations. Therefore, a newly dual-body vibration absorption system model with double-frequency excitation is proposed to improve the mechanical performance of screening equipment. To grasp the dynamic characteristics of the vibration system, the synchronization mechanism and stability criterion are theoretically studied by modified small parameter average method and Poincare-Lyapunov method. Meanwhile, the vibration absorption ability, coupling torque and synchronization state of the system are numerically discussed. Lastly, the electromechanical coupling model of system is established by Runge-Kutta method to verify the reliability of theoretical analysis and numerical calculation. According to the results of research, the synchronous characteristics are mainly determined by the installation position of motors and the mass ratio of eccentric rotors. Besides, the synchronization ability between identical-frequency motors is stronger than different frequency motors. The present work can provide theoretical direction for designing of new screening equipment.
Shear performance and failure mechanism of brass pins considering the temperature effect
Authors: Luo Jie , Liu Jun , Zhang Qiangui , Li Qiang , Jian Yilin
Published: November 2023

Premature shear failure of the brass pin often occurs during downhole tool operation, which has a serious impact on subsequent completion operations. Therefore, in order to explore its failure mechanism, the pin shear test considering temperature effect was designed and implemented in this paper to study the shear performance of different numbers of brass pins under different heating temperatures. Experimental data were fitted to obtain the continuous shear load–temperature curves for six, eight, and ten pins. The shear sections and the failure mechanism of the pins at different temperatures were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the number of pins and temperature significantly affected the shear load of the brass pin. At room temperature, as the number of pins was increased, the shear load increased by 31.60% (six to eight) and 24.76% (eight to ten). Taking six pins as an example, the increase in the heating temperature from 22°C to 190°C decreased the shear load of the pin by 17.68%. The brass pin exhibited prominent plastic failure characteristics. Moreover, the shear section at room temperature was dominated by the shear band, which has a higher failure energy absorption capacity. As the temperature was increased, the area of fracture zone gradually increased, and consequently, the toughness and plasticity increased. This study provides a reference for the use of brass pins in downhole tools and reduces the possibility of premature shearing and related construction waste.
Generation mechanism of high-frequency oscillation in proportional valve with a high-speed on/off valves bridge as the pilot stage
Authors: Li Nana , Ji Hong , Wei Liejiang , Dong Wanyu , Zhan Peng , Liu Xinqiang
Published: November 2023

A digital proportional valve has a main spool that operates with a high-speed on/off valves bridge as the pilot stage. However, this can cause the spool to undergo high-frequency oscillation during movement, leading to a slower valve response, lower control accuracy, and even control failure. Therefore, it is important to study the oscillation mechanism of the valve. To address this issue, we establish a detailed dynamic model of the digital proportional valve, and analyze the factors affecting the response performance of the proportional valve spool. A method of half-bridge control based on duty cycle is proposed to eliminate the oscillation. The influence regularity of each factor on the response performance of the valve is explored. It is proved that the control method of the high-speed on/off valves bridge and the Pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal-switching frequency of the high-speed on/off valves are the main reasons for the oscillation of the main spool. The proposed half-bridge control method based on duty cycle can eliminate the oscillation in a lower frequency range. In addition, the results show that the pilot oil pressure is an important contributor to the oscillation; the higher the pilot oil pressure, the easier the main spool oscillation occurs. However, the spool mass, oil temperature, and coil temperature of the high-speed on/off valve do not affect the stability of the digital proportional valve.
Media (re)presentation of a black woman esports player: The case of Chiquita Evans in the NBA 2K League
Authors: Rogstad Egil Trasti
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the media construction of Chiquita Evans, the first woman to participate in the NBA 2 K League, uncovering a complex interplay of gender norms and power dynamics. Explored through Foucauldian discourse analysis, her identity negotiation within this unique space, where sport, gaming, and media converge, is illuminated. Evans emerges as a trailblazer who challenges and reshapes established gender conventions in the male-dominated esports arena. While her defiance of gender norms is evident, the media's focus on her physicality inadvertently perpetuates gendered expectations. Moreover, Evans’ participation showcases her navigation of racial and gender norms, exposing lingering biases. The intersection of sport and media logic demonstrates evolving dynamics while also highlighting challenges faced by women players. Overall, the media construction of Evans works to encourage acceptance while reproducing established stereotypes, suggesting that increased representation may not inherently challenge power dynamics.
Using Patient-Centered Dissemination and Implementation Frameworks and Strategies in Palliative Care Settings for Improved Quality of Life and Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sacca Lea , Lobaina Diana , Burgoa Sara , Rao Meera , Jhumkhawala Vama , Zapata Sheena M. , Issac Michelle , Medina Suleyki
Published: November 2023

Background

There is a need for patient-provider dissemination and implementation frameworks, strategies, and protocols in palliative care settings for a holistic approach when it comes to addressing pain and other distressing symptoms affecting the quality of life, function, and independence of patients with chronic illnesses. The purpose of this scoping review is to explore patient-centered D&I frameworks and strategies that have been adopted in PC settings to improve behavioral and environmental determinants influencing health outcomes through evidence-based programs and protocols.

Methods

The five step Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) York methodology was adopted as a guiding framework: (1) identifying research questions; (2) searching for relevant studies; (3) selecting studies relevant to the research questions; (4) charting the data; and (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting results.

Results

Only 6 out of the 38 (16%) included studies applied a D&I theory and/or framework. The RE-AIM framework was the most prominently cited (n = 3), followed by the Diffusion of Innovation Model (n = 2), the CONNECT framework (n = 1), and the Transtheoretical Stages of Change Model (n = 1). The most frequently reported ERIC strategy was strategy #6 “Develop and organize quality monitoring systems”, as it identified in all 38 of the included studies.

Conclusion

This scoping review identifies D&I efforts to translate research into practice in U.S. palliative care settings. Results may contribute to enhancing future D&I initiatives for dissemination/adaptation, implementation, and sustainability efforts aiming to improve patient health outcomes and personal satisfaction with care received.
How Might I change the world? Enriching Social Impact and Career Aspirations With a Global Experiential Instructional Innovation
Authors: Mooney Christine H. , Cockburn Bethany S.
Published: November 2023

This article outlines a novel approach for career readiness which embeds a global engagement trip within a social entrepreneurship course. Utilizing an empathy driven approach, the instructional innovation exposes students to social impact and innovation in an entrepreneurial setting, provides an opportunity for rich engagements with social and micro-entrepreneurs, and facilitates connection with self and others. Reflexive assignments and dialogues are integrated throughout the instructional innovation allowing students to identify and reflect on their aspirations and intentions for creating societal impact in their career journeys. Participation in this experience has resulted in outcomes related to career goals, including new plans for building social impact into work and renewed social entrepreneurial intentions. Instructions, exercises, and evidence of their effectiveness are provided.
Substance Use-Associated Infant Maltreatment Report Rates in the Context of Complex Prenatal Substance Use Policy Environments
Authors: Stritzel Haley
Published: November 2023

State responses to substance use during pregnancy have included policies designed to increase access to substance use treatment as well as punish such substance use. Prior research has found that punitive policies are associated with increased rates of child maltreatment reporting, but it is unclear if the presence of punitive-promoting policies also moderate the association between access-promoting polices and maltreatment reports. Using data from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System and state-level fixed effects models, this study investigates how interactions between access-promoting and punitive prenatal substance use policies are associated with rates of substance use-associated maltreatment reports among infants. In states with punitive policies, access-promoting policies were associated with smaller decreases in these reports than in states without punitive policies. In some cases, access-promoting policies were associated with greater increases in these reports when punitive policies were also present than when only one type of policy was adopted. Interactions between prenatal substance use policies may result in unintended and counterproductive consequences for maternal and child health and the child welfare system.
Helping a Patient With a Pre-Existing Mental Health Condition Cope With Depression and COVID-19 Using the Neuman Systems Model: A Single Intrinsic Case Study
Authors: Azami Golnaz , Mozafari Aliashraf , Kafashian Mohamadreza , Aazami Sanaz , Ebrahimy Boshra
Published: November 2023

Nursing theories and conceptual models shape nursing knowledge. This study applied the philosophical and theoretical basis of the Neuman Systems Model, which focuses on the use of primary, secondary, and tertiary nursing prevention for retention, attainment, and maintenance of patient system wellness, to a patient with pre-existing mental health conditions struggling to cope with depression and COVID-19 in a dedicated COVID-19 hospital in an urban area of Iran. The single intrinsic case study design used interviews, nursing observations, and document analysis to evaluate environmental factors and intra-, inter-, and extra-personal stressors. An advanced, outcome-oriented nursing care plan was developed.
Results of a hemodialysis vascular access routine ultrasound surveillance protocol and frequency of surveillance guided pre-emptive access maintenance interventions
Authors: Giannikouris Ioannis E. , Georgiadis George S. , Giannakopoulos Triantafyllos , Passadakis Ploumis , Spiliopoulos Stavros
Published: November 2023

Background:

To evaluate the implementation of routine surveillance using ultrasound on hemodialysis vascular access (VA) outcomes and determine the number and frequency of corrective, surveillance-guided procedures performed.

Methods:

Multicenter, prospective, observational study that includes consecutive hemodialysis patients receiving therapy from native arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) or grafts (AVG). Participants were assigned to a routine VA Color Doppler ultrasound surveillance (DUS) protocol from January 2019 to December 2021. Patients were referred for corrective procedures (endovascular or surgical) based on clinical or DUS findings (pre-emptive procedures; PEP). Primary endpoint was the estimation of primary unassisted (PUP) and secondary patency (SP) rates. Secondary endpoints were the determination of the number and frequency of PEP and VA survival rates.

Results:

In total, 223 patients with 243 VA (192 AVF and 51 AVG) were included. Access PUP and SP rates were 83% and 93% at 12 months, 75% and 88% at 24 months, and 72% and 83% at 36 months follow-up. Autologous fistulae PUP and SP were 89% and 96% at 12 months, 81% and 93% at 24 months, and 80% and 89% at 36 months, respectively. Graft PUP and SP were 56% and 80% at 12 months, 44% and 65% at 24 months, and 39% and 54% at 36 months, respectively. In total, 56 corrective procedures (38/56 PEP; 65.5%) were performed (0.13 procedures/year), of which 34 were in AVF patients (0.09 procedures/year) and 22 in AVG patients (0.40 procedures/year). Overall, 33 VA losses occurred (0.06 failures/year), 17 in AVF (0.04 failures/year), and 16 in AVG patients (0.20 failures/year).

Conclusion:

The use of DUS resulted in the timely diagnosis of dysfunction, satisfactory overall VA survival, and patency rates, with a low PEP frequency. Randomized controlled trials are required to establish the value of DUS surveillance on access patency and whether DUS-guided interventions could improve VA outcomes.
Femoral venous access: State of the art and future perspectives
Authors: Annetta Maria Giuseppina , Elli Stefano , Marche Bruno , Pinelli Fulvio , Pittiruti Mauro
Published: November 2023

In the past 5 years, non-dialysis femoral venous access has changed in terms of indications, techniques of insertion, and expected incidence of complications. To the traditional non-emergency indication for femoral catheters—obstruction of the superior vena cava—many other indications have been added, both in intensive and non-intensive care. The insertion technique has evolved, thanks to ultrasound guided venipuncture, tunneling, and ultrasound based intraprocedural tip location. Insertion of femorally inserted central catheters may be today regarded as a procedure with an extremely low intraprocedural and post-procedural risk. The risk of infection is reduced by the possibility of the exit site at mid-thigh, by the use of cyanoacrylate glue for sealing the exit site, and by appropriate intraprocedural strategies of infection prevention. The risk of catheter-related thrombosis is low, due to several concomitant strategies: a proper match between vein diameter and catheter caliber; an accurate intraprocedural assessment of tip location by ultrasound and/or intracavitary ECG; the consistent use of ultrasound guided venipuncture and micro-introducer kits; an adequate stabilization of the catheter at the exit site. The risk of mechanical complications and the risk of lumen occlusion are minimized when using polyurethane, power injectable catheters. All these novelties have brought a revolution in the field of femoral venous access, so that this route may be considered as safe and effective as other approaches to central venous catheterization.
Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Women with Endometrial Cancer: Dynamic Versus Single-Phase Acquisitions
Authors: Lee Myoung Seok , Moon Min Hoan , Kim Taek Min , Jang Siwon , Oh Sohee , Cho Jeong Yeon
Published: November 2023

Background:

The 2019 European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) guidelines for endometrial cancer recommend performing either dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE MRI) or single-phase CE MRI. However, no study has directly compared these options. Therefore, this study compared dynamic versus single-phase CE MRI for the evaluation of myometrial invasion in women with endometrial cancer.

Methods:

This retrospective, single-institution comparative study was conducted among women with surgically proven endometrial cancer, including 30 consecutive women with single-phase CE MRI and 30 age- and pathologic stage-matched women with dynamic CE MRI. Three readers independently compared dynamic and single-phase CE MRI in terms of the tumor-myometrium signal intensity (SI) difference ratio, depth of myometrial invasion, image quality, and image number. Pathologic findings served as a reference standard for the depth of myometrial invasion.

Results:

The estimated mean SI difference ratios of dynamic CE MRI and single-phase CE MRI fell within an equivalence margin of 0.05 (90% confidence intervals [CIs] = [−0.0497 to −0.0165], [−0.0226 to −0.0403], and [−0.0429 to −0.0433], respectively, for readers A, B, and C). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the detection of deep myometrial invasion was not significantly different between the acquisitions ( P = .3315, P = .3345, and P = .8593, respectively). Single-phase CE MRI showed significantly better image quality than dynamic CE MRI ( P = .0143, P = .0042, and P = .0066, respectively), while the median number of images for dynamic CE MRI was 2.4 times higher than that for single-phase CE MRI.

Conclusion:

Single-phase acquisition may be a better option for CE MRI in women with endometrial cancer than dynamic acquisition.
The effect of trust in media and information sources on coronavirus disease 2019 prevention behaviors in Lebanon
Authors: Melki Jad
Published: November 2023

The study examines the effect of trust in media and information sources about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on adopting prevention measures, and whether fear and perceived knowledge mediate this relationship. It focuses on Lebanon during a period of political and economic crises and prevalent public distrust in government and the media. Through a cross-sectional survey and a nationally representative probability sample, data collection from 1536 participants took place between March 27 and April 23, 2020. The findings establish a direct relationship between trust and adopting prevention measures, but only partial mediation of fear and perceived knowledge. This suggests that media trust has a strong independent effect on prevention measures and is only partially mediated by fear and to a lesser extent by perceived knowledge. These findings highlight the importance of trust in media, government, and public health information sources, even during chaotic economic and political circumstances common in the Global South.
Bilingual children display comparative strength using prosodic cues for pragmatic word learning
Authors: Lorge Isabelle , Katsos Napoleon
Published: November 2023

Aims/objectives/research questions:

Previous studies indicate differences in the way children who grow up with two languages use socio-pragmatic cues to help them identify referents and learn new words, yet the nature of these differences (executive control, better attention to social cues, or pragmatic reasoning) has not been investigated.

Design/methodology/approach:

This study examined 270 monolingual and bilingually exposed 4–6-year-old children’s performance in 2 tasks using different prosodic cues (contrastive stress and emotional affect) for fast mapping. It avoids a design where children have to inhibit an irrelevant cue, which would enhance the role of differences in executive control.

Data/analysis:

We performed statistical analyses using a logistic regression mixed model.

Findings/conclusions:

The bilingually exposed group performed lower than monolinguals in a control condition involving structural language (0.83 vs. 0.92). However, they performed on par with monolinguals in a pragmatic condition when considering only semantically correct answers in both groups (0.55 vs. 0.58), and even displayed significant comparative strength in the task once control performance and demographic variables were taken into account. This effect appeared when the task required reasoning about the speaker’s communicative intentions (contrastive stress) but not when children merely had to recognise a communicative cue (emotional affect).

Originality:

No study has so far investigated the socio-pragmatic abilities of bilingual children using a task that did not require inhibiting an irrelevant cue.

Implications:

These findings have implications for bilingual education and a better understanding of the impact of being educated in two languages. We also draw attention to implications regarding the existence of different types of pragmatic skills which may have differing developmental timelines and rely on different sets of abilities.
Illicit media, reflexivity and sociocultural change in North Korea
Authors: Kim Youna
Published: November 2023

Since the late 1990s the transnational spread of South Korean media, known as the Korean Wave or Hallyu, has filtered into North Korea through smuggling and black markets. The act of consuming or distributing foreign media contents is considered to be a grave crime against the state. Based on qualitative in-depth interviews with 60 North Koreans, this empirical study draws attention to North Korea's changing media culture in a digital age and addresses the sociocultural implications as the society is going through remarkable change from below at this important historical moment. The article argues for the significance of illicit media culture in the stimulation of everyday reflexivity and sociocultural change by demonstrating how reflexivity operates as an emotional and active mode of learning in North Korean society.