bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiobiological evaluation considering setup error on single‐isocenter irradiation in stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Nakano Hisashi , Tanabe Satoshi , Sasamoto Ryuta , Takizawa Takeshi , Utsunomiya Satoru , Sakai Madoka , Nakano Toshimichi , Ohta Atsushi , Kaidu Motoki , Ishikawa Hiroyuki
Published: June 2021

Purpose

We calculated the dosimetric indices and estimated the tumor control probability (TCP) considering six degree‐of‐freedom (6DoF) patient setup errors in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using a single‐isocenter technique.

Methods

We used simulated spherical gross tumor volumes (GTVs) with diameters of 1.0 cm (GTV 1), 2.0 cm (GTV 2), and 3.0 cm (GTV 3), and the distance (d) between the target center and isocenter was set to 0, 5, and 10 cm. We created the dose distribution by convolving the blur component to uniform dose distribution. The prescription dose was 20 Gy and the dose distribution was adjusted so that D95 (%) of each GTV was covered by 100% of the prescribed dose. The GTV was simultaneously rotated within 0°–1.0° (δR) around the x‐, y‐, and z‐axes and then translated within 0–1.0 mm (δT) in the x‐, y‐, and z‐axis directions. D95, conformity index (CI), and conformation number (CN) were evaluated by varying the distance from the isocenter. The TCP was estimated by translating the calculated dose distribution into a biological response. In addition, we derived the x‐y‐z coordinates with the smallest TCP reduction rate that minimize the sum of squares of the residuals as the optimal isocenter coordinates using the relationship between 6DoF setup error, distance from isocenter, and GTV size.

Results

D95, CI, and CN were decreased with increasing isocenter distance, decreasing GTV size, and increasing setup error. TCP of GTVs without 6DoF setup error was estimated to be 77.0%. TCP were 25.8% (GTV 1), 35.0% (GTV 2), and 53.0% (GTV 3) with (d, δT, δR) = (10 cm, 1.0 mm, 1.0°). The TCP was 52.3% (GTV 1), 54.9% (GTV 2), and 66.1% (GTV 3) with (d, δT, δR) = (10 cm, 1.0 mm, 1.0°) at the optimal isocenter position.

Conclusion

The TCP in SRS for multiple brain metastases with a single‐isocenter technique may decrease with increasing isocenter distance and decreasing GTV size when the 6DoF setup errors are exceeded (1.0 mm, 1.0°). Additionally, it might be possible to better maintain TCP for GTVs with 6DoF setup errors by using the optimal isocenter position.
Efficient Drug Delivery into Skin Using a Biphasic Dissolvable Microneedle Patch with Water‐Insoluble Backing
Authors: Li Song , Xia Dengning , Prausnitz Mark R.
Published: June 2021

Dissolvable microneedle patches (MNPs) enable simplified delivery of therapeutics via the skin. However, most dissolvable MNPs do not deliver their full drug loading to the skin because only some of the drug is localized in the microneedles (MNs), and the rest remains adhered to the patch backing after removal from the skin. In this work, biphasic dissolvable MNPs are developed by mounting water‐soluble MNs on a water‐insoluble backing layer. These MNPs enable the drug to be contained in the MNs without migrating into the patch backing due to the inability of the drugs to partition into the hydrophobic backing materials during MNP fabrication. In addition, the insoluble backing is poorly wetted upon MN dissolution in the skin, which significantly reduces drug residue on the MNP backing surface after application. These effects enable a drug delivery efficiency of >90% from the MNPs into the skin 5 min after application. This study shows that the biphasic dissolvable MNPs can facilitate efficient drug delivery to the skin, which can improve the accuracy of drug dosing and reduce drug wastage.
Interface Carriers and Enhanced Electron‐Phonon Coupling Effect in Al2O3/TiO2 Heterostructure Revealed by Resonant Inelastic Soft X‐Ray Scattering
Authors: Shao Yu‐Cheng , Kuo Cheng‐Tai , Feng Xuefei , Chuang Yi‐De , Seok Tae Jun , Choi Ji Hyeon , Park Tae Joo , Cho Deok‐Yong
Published: June 2021

The electronic structure and the electron‐phonon couplings in a novel mass‐production‐compatible Al2O3/TiO2 2D electron system (2DES) are investigated using resonant inelastic soft X‐ray scattering. The experimental data from the samples of various TiO2 thicknesses unequivocally show that the Ti3+ state indeed exists at the deep interface to serve as an n‐type dopant for the 2DES. The electronic structure of Ti3+ species is scrutinized as entirely separated from that of the Ti4+ host lattice. Furthermore, features of sub‐eV energy loss phonon modes are clearly observed, indicating substantial electron‐phonon coupling effects. Such low energy loss features are enhanced in thinner TiO2 samples, implying that polaronic local lattice deformation is enhanced due to the presence of Ti3+. These findings suggest that the 2DES properties can be controlled via well‐established TiO2 engineering, thereby enthroning the binary oxide heterostructure as a promising candidate for 2DES device applications.
Simulations of energy storage requirements of wind energy facilities
Authors: Castelletto Stefania , Boretti Alberto
Published: June 2021

Wind‐energy facilities' key parameters for the attribution of the energy‐storage (ES) cost at the grid level are the nominal capacity of the facility P, the annual mean capacity factorεaand its SD using high‐frequency (HF) samplingσ. Here, we compareεaandσcalculated from measurements and resource‐based simulations. The energy production to the grid is available every 5 minutes for a specific year. Meteorological data are available hourly and not for the specific year, but only for the typical year, about ground level, and from stations located in towns and cities relatively far from the wind‐energy facilities. While the computed and measuredεaare in reasonable agreement, after tuning, the difference between the hourly σ is large. It is concluded that contemporary HF data of energy production and speed of the wind at hub height, plus other meteorological data, in the wind‐energy‐facility, are essential for validating presently inaccurate wind energy simulations.
Homogeneity or heterogeneity, the paradox of neurovascular pericytes in the brain
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Zhang Xiao , Hong Xiaoqi , Tong Xiaoping
Published: June 2021

Pericytes are one of the main components of the neurovascular unit. They play a critical role in regulating blood flow, blood–brain barrier permeability, neuroinflammation, and neuronal activity. In the central nervous system (CNS), pericytes are classified into three subtypes, that is, ensheathing, mesh, and thin‐strand pericytes, based on their distinct morphologies and region‐specific distributions. However, whether these three types of pericytes exhibit heterogeneity or homogeneity with regard to membrane properties has been understudied to date. Here, we combined bulk RNA sequencing analysis with electrophysiological methods to demonstrate that the three subtypes of pericytes share similar electrical membrane properties in the CNS, suggesting a homogenous population of neurovascular pericytes in the brain. Furthermore, we identified an inwardly rectifying potassium channel subtype Kir4.1 functionally expressed in pericytes. Electrophysiological patch clamp recordings indicate that Kir4.1 channel currents in pericytes represent a small portion of the K+ macroscopic currents in physiological conditions. However, a significant augmentation of Kir4.1 currents in pericytes was induced when the extracellular K+ was elevated to pathological levels, suggesting pericytes Kir4.1 channels might play an important role as K+ sensors and contribute to K+ homeostasis in local neurovascular networks in pathology.
Progress towards lead‐free, efficient, and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Thornton Sean T , Abdelmageed Ghada , Kahwagi Rashad F , Koleilat Ghada I
Published: June 2021

Solar energy production requires an environmentally friendly, efficient, and stable light absorber. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as excellent candidate materials for photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion because of their low cost, ease of fabrication, flexibility, and versatility. However, typical high‐efficiency PSCs, like methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3), rely on the use of the chemical lead (Pb), whose toxicity and detrimental impact on human health and the environment raise strong concerns. Therefore, less toxic substitutes that produce the same high performance as MAPbI3 are of interest to enable a wide deployment of PSCs. Hence, much effort has focused on replacing Pb with other elements, such as tin (Sn), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), and germanium (Ge) in perovskite materials, with the dual objectives of maintaining the superior optoelectronic properties of the perovskite and reducing its toxicity. In this review, the structure, optoelectronic properties, as well as recent advances in device performance of Pb‐free PSCs are highlighted. Moreover, the stability challenges of Pb‐free perovskite are detailed, and strategies to overcome them are discussed. Finally, a conclusion and outlook towards Pb‐free perovskite photovoltaics (PV) is provided. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Arachnoid Cysts of the Internal Auditory Canal: Multiplanar Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Audio‐Vestibular Correlates
Authors: Di Stadio Arianna , Dipietro Laura , Messineo Daniela , Ralli Massimo , Ricci Giampietro , Greco Antonio , Brenner Michael J.
Published: June 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

To investigate prevalence, radiological characteristics, and functional correlates of arachnoid cysts (AC) of the internal auditory canal (IAC) region, including associations of nerve compression with auditory/vestibular symptoms and asymmetrical audiogram or vestibular testing.

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Methods

T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of IACs were retrospectively analyzed from 1247 patients with asymmetric auditory or vestibular symptoms. Patients with radiological findings of AC of the IAC were identified. Multiplanar analysis was used to analyze cyst position in the IAC and assess nerve displacement or compression. Size, position, and presence of nerve compression were correlated with symptoms.

Results

Twenty‐four patients had a cyst in the middle or fundus in the IAC. Diameter (P = .04) and position (P = .002) of AC were associated with symptoms. Sagittal analyses identified displacement versus compression (P = .003) more reliably than axial imaging. Symptom laterality was associated with the site of radiological abnormality. Vestibular nerve compression was associated with vertigo (P = .0001), and cochlear nerve compression was associated with auditory symptoms (P < .0001).

Conclusions

In a retrospective series of patients undergoing MRI of IACs for asymmetric auditory or vestibular impairment, clinical symptom profile correlated with blinded assessment of IAC lesions.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:2323–2331, 2021
Time‐varying impact of housing price fluctuations on banking financial risk
Authors: Wang Jingbin , Xia Beibei , Qiao Huiling
Published: June 2021

This paper uses the time‐varying parameter–stochastic volatility–vector autoregression (TVP‐SV‐VAR) model to analyze the time‐varying impact of housing price fluctuations on banking financial risk under different macrocontrol policy backgrounds. The results indicate that the impact of housing price fluctuations on banking financial risk at different time points has always been positive, showing a “hump‐shaped” trend of first rising and then falling. However, the impact of this kind of shock is obviously heterogeneous. With the tightening of external macrocontrol policies, the positive impact has gradually weakened. The tightening macrocontrol policy environment is more conducive to alleviating the impact of housing price fluctuations on banking financial risk.
Affine routing for robust network design
Authors: Al‐Najjar Yacine , Ben‐Ameur Walid , Leguay Jérémie , Elias Jocelyne
Published: June 2021

Taking into account the dynamic nature of traffic in telecommunication networks, the robust network design problem is to fix the edge capacities so that all demand vectors belonging to a polytope can be routed. While a common heuristic for this co‐NP‐hard problem is to compute, in polynomial time, an optimal static routing, affine routing can be used to obtain better solutions. It consists in restricting the routing to affinely depend on the demands. We show that a node‐arc formulation is less conservative than an arc‐path formulation. We also provide a cycle‐based formulation that is equivalent to the node‐arc formulation. To further reduce the solution's cost, several new formulations are obtained by relaxing flow conservation constraints and aggregating demands. As might be expected, aggregation allows us to reduce the size of formulations. A more striking result is that aggregation reduces the solution's cost.
Effect of resin staging on frontal polymerization of dicyclopentadiene
Authors: Ziaee Morteza , Yourdkhani Mostafa
Published: June 2021

In thermal frontal polymerization (FP), ambient temperature and staging conditions highly affect the resin behavior and front properties. This study describes the effect of staging conditions and resin reactivity on frontal ring opening metathesis polymerization of dicyclopentadiene in presence of phosphite‐inhibited second‐generation Grubbs catalyst. An experimental setup is designed to characterize and understand the effect of inhibitor concentration, incubation time, and incubation temperature on front velocity, activation time, and front temperature of the FP reaction. The results reveal that front properties are influenced by various factors, including available energy density of resin, stability of catalyst‐inhibitor complex, resin temperature, and resin viscosity. An increase in staging temperature results in lower pot lives but faster gelation process and activation of FP reaction. Additionally, increasing the inhibitor concentration leads to slower fronts, higher activation times, and longer pot lives. The results of this study can be extended to other FP systems and can be used in design of new manufacturing processes and applications using FP.
Feasibility of late acquisition [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT using a long axial field-of-view PET/CT scanner for the diagnosis of recurrent prostate cancer—first clinical experiences
Authors: Alberts Ian , Prenosil George , Mingels Clemens , Bohn Karl Peter , Viscione Marco , Sari Hasan , Rominger Axel , Afshar-Oromieh Ali
Published: June 2021

Purpose

While acquisition of images in [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 following longer uptake times can improve lesion uptake and contrast, resultant imaging quality and count statistics are limited by the isotope’s half-life (68 min). Here, we present a series of cases demonstrating that when performed using a long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT system, late imaging is feasible and can even provide improved image quality compared to regular acquisitions.

Methods

In this retrospective case series, we report our initial experiences with 10 patients who underwent standard imaging at 1 h p.i. following administration of 192 ± 36 MBq [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 with additional late imaging performed at 4 h p.i. Images were acquired in a single bed position for 6 min at 1 h p.i. and 16 min p.i. at 4 h p.i. using a LAFOV scanner (106 cm axial FOV). Two experienced nuclear medicine physicians reviewed all scans in consensus and evaluated overall image quality (5-point Likert scale), lesion uptake in terms of standardised uptake values (SUV), tumour to background ratio (TBR) and target-lesion signal to background noise (SNR).

Results

Subjective image quality as rated on a 5-point Likert scale was only modestly lower for late acquisitions (4.2/5 at 4 h p.i.; 5/5 1 h p.i.), TBR was significantly improved (4 h: 3.41 vs 1 h: 1.93, p < 0.001) and SNR was improved with borderline significance (4 h: 33.02 vs 1 h: 24.80, p = 0.062) at later imaging. Images were obtained with total acquisition times comparable to routine examinations on standard axial FOV scanners.

Conclusion

Late acquisition in tandem with a LAFOV PET/CT resulted in improvements in TBR and SNR and was associated with only modest impairment in subjective visual imaging quality. These data show that later acquisition times for [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 may be preferable when performed on LAFOV systems.
Comparison of the long-term cause of failure and survivorship of four hundred and twenty seven metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties: resurfacing versus large head total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Palazzuolo Michele , Antoniadis Alexander , Delaune Leilani , Tornare Inès , Wegrzyn Julien
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Comparison of mid- to long-term cause of failure and survivorship of metal-on-metal (MoM) resurfacing hip arthroplasty (RHA) and large head total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains sparse. This study aimed to identify and compare the cause of failure and survivorship of MoM RHA and THA at a minimum ten year follow-up.

Methods

Four hundred twenty-seven MoM hip arthroplasties (286 THA and 141 RHA) were retrospectively analyzed at a mean follow-up of 13 ± three years. Causes of failure were reported as MoM specific (i.e., adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD) and painful hip with ion elevation) or MoM non-specific (i.e., fracture, infection, and dislocation). Chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) ion levels and Co/Cr ratio were compared. Survivorship was compared according to the cause of failure with revision as the endpoint.

Results

The rate of ARMD was significantly higher in THA (OR = 2.9 [95%-CI: 1–7]; p = 0.02). No significant difference was detected in failure rate due to other causes between the two groups (p = 0.2–0.9). Ion levels and Co/Cr ratio were both significantly higher in THA (p < 0.01). Survivorship was significantly lower in THA compared to RHA at ten years [89% (95%-CI: 85%–91%) vs 96% (95%-CI: 91%–98%); p = 0.01] and 15 years [73% (95%-CI: 67%–78%) vs 83% (95%-CI: 73%–90%); p = 0.01].

Conclusion

RHA survivorship was significantly higher at any time point. Failure rate due to ARMD was significantly higher in THA while no significant difference in other causes of failure was observed between the two groups. This result emphasizes the role of fretting corrosion at the head-neck junction (i.e., trunnionosis) with significantly higher ion levels and Co/Cr ratio dissociation in THA.
Correction to: Quadriceps tendon autograft for primary ACL reconstruction: a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Eschweiler Jörg , Mansy Yasser El , Quack Valentin , Tingart Markus , Driessen Arne
Published: June 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-021-03028-7
Mean Convergence of Entire Interpolations in Weighted Space
Authors: Gonçalves Felipe , Littmann Friedrich
Published: June 2021

We investigate the convergence of entire Lagrange interpolations and of Hermite interpolations of exponential type$$\tau $$τ, as$$\tau \rightarrow \infty $$τ→∞, in weighted$$L^p$$Lp-spaces on the real line. The weights are reciprocals of entire functions that depend on$$\tau $$τand may be viewed as smoothed versions of a target weightw. The convergence statements are obtained from weighted Marcinkiewicz inequalities for entire functions. We apply our main results to deal with power weights.
Folgen der COVID-19-Krise auf die kurz-, mittel- und langfristigen Beschäftigungs- und Entlohnungschancen nach Berufen
Authors: Maier Tobias , Mönnig Anke , Zika Gerd
Published: June 2021

Dieser Beitrag stellt das Modellsystem QINFORGE vor. Es ist durch die Berücksichtigung beruflicher Mobilitätsprozesse in der Lage, Anpassungsreaktionen zwischen Arbeitsangebot und -bedarf auf beruflicher Ebene in der kurzen und langen Frist aufzuzeigen. Das Modell wird genutzt, um die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Krise auf die Beschäftigungs- und Entlohnungschancen in Berufen zu verdeutlichen. Hierfür werden zwei Szenarien miteinander vergleichen: Ein „kontrafaktisches Szenario“ schreibt langfristige Verhaltensweisen und Trends ausgehend vom Jahr 2019 fort. Die „Basisprojektion“ versucht hingegen, die Konjunktur in der kurzen Frist auf Branchenebene mit abzubilden. Hierdurch werden modellendogen Verhaltensänderungen auf Berufsebene angeregt.

Die Krise wird die Wirtschaftsleistung Deutschlands langfristig um drei Jahre zurückwerfen. Da sich aufgrund der schlechteren Arbeitsmarktlage aber auch einige Erwerbspersonen, insbesondere Frauen, vom Arbeitsmarkt zurückziehen werden, steigt die prognostizierte Zahl der Erwerbslosen in den Jahren 2020 und 2021 in der Basisprojektion nur um rund 400.000 Personen im Vergleich zum kontrafaktischen Szenario an. Langfristig stellt das knappe Arbeitsangebot hingegen einen hemmenden Faktor für das Wirtschaftswachstum dar. Zudem wird durch die Krise in der kurzen und mittleren Frist das gesamtwirtschaftliche Lohnwachstum gehemmt.

Die Ergebnisse des Modells zeigen, dass durch die Krise vor allem Berufe in der Gastronomie, dem Tourismus, sowie in Kunst und Kultur betroffen sind. Ab dem Jahr 2025 wird hier jedoch wieder das Lohn- und Beschäftigungsniveau erreicht, das auch im kontrafaktischen Szenario erreicht worden wäre. Bei den kurzfristigen Lohnsteigerungen in den Gesundheitsberufen handelt es sich hingegen um Vorzieheffekte. Auf lange Sicht ist in der Basisprojektion gegenüber dem „kontrafaktischen Szenario“ kein höheres Lohnniveau zu erwarten. Das Arbeitsangebot in den Gesundheitsberufen – insbesondere in der Pflege – könnte durch die Krise zwar zunehmen, dies wäre jedoch darauf zurückzuführen, dass die Erwerbschancen und Entlohnungsmöglichkeiten außerhalb der Pflegeberufe durch die COVID-19-Pandemie vergleichsweise geringer werden könnten.
How Children in Germany Experience Refugees: A Contribution From Childhood Studies
Authors: Andresen Sabine , Neumann Sascha , Schneekloth Ulrich
Published: June 2021

This paper deals with perceptions, encounters and experiences of children with refugees and refugee children in Germany. It is based on the Fourth World Vision Children Study, which is regularly conducted in Germany since 2007. The study is based on a representative survey among 6- to 11-year-old children, which was combined with qualitative case studies and focuses on children´s well-being, their fears, their concerns as well as their attitudes toward other societal groups and contemporary political issues. For the survey of the Fourth World Vision Children Study, in the questionnaire there were also items included which should allow collecting data on children´s encounters and experiences with refugees, and particularly refugees who are their peers. This paper presents the approach taken in the study and how it is embedded conceptually in childhood studies before reporting and discussing selected findings on the experiences of children in Germany with refugees in their neighbourhood and among their peers. The findings presented in this paper refer to contact as well as interactions and opportunities for establishing friendships between refugee and non-refugee children. This is followed by a discussion of the implications these findings have in terms of consequences for supporting refugee children when arriving at Germany. In the conclusion, we will finally point out the implications of our study for the broader field of childhood studies in social sciences.
Homogeneous Plurisubharmonic Polynomials in Higher Dimensions
Authors: Simon Lars
Published: June 2021

We prove several results on homogeneous plurisubharmonic polynomials on $${\mathbb {C}}^n$$

C

n

, $$n\in {\mathbb {Z}}_{\ge 2}$$

n
∈

Z

≥
2

. Said results are relevant to the problem of constructing local bumpings at boundary points of pseudoconvex domains of finite D’Angelo 1-type in $${\mathbb {C}}^{n+1}$$

C

n
+
1

.
Urinary metabolic profile and stone composition in kidney stone formers with and without heart disease
Authors: Bargagli Matteo , Moochhala Shabbir , Robertson William G. , Gambaro Giovanni , Lombardi Gianmarco , Unwin Robert J. , Ferraro Pietro Manuel
Published: June 2021

Objective

Kidney stone disease seems to be associated with an increased risk of incident cardiovascular outcomes; the aim of this study is to identify differences in 24-h urine excretory profiles and stone composition among stone formers with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods

Data from patients attending the Department of Renal Medicine’s metabolic stone clinic from 1995 to 2012 were reviewed. The sample was divided according to the presence or absence of CVD (myocardial infarction, angina, coronary revascularization, or surgery for calcified heart valves). Univariable and multivariable regression models, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, eGFR, plasma bicarbonate and potential renal acid load of foods were used to investigate differences across groups.

Results

1826 patients had available data for 24-h urine analysis. Among these, 108 (5.9%) had a history of CVD. Those with CVD were older, have higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and lower eGFR. Univariable analysis showed that patients with CVD had significantly lower 24-h urinary excretions for citrate (2.4 vs 2.6 mmol/24 h, p = 0.04), magnesium (3.9 vs 4.2 mmol/24 h, p = 0.03) and urinary pH (6.1 vs 6.2, p = 0.02). After adjustment for confounders, differences in urinary citrate and magnesium excretions remained significant. No differences in the probability of stone formation or stone compositions were found.

Conclusions

Stone
formers with CVD have lower renal alkali excretion, possibly suggesting higher
acid retention in stone formers with cardiovascular comorbidities. Randomized
clinical trials including medications and a controlled diet design are needed
to confirm the results presented here.

Graphic abstract
Temperature- and degree of cure-dependent viscoelastic properties of photopolymer resins used in digital light processing
Authors: Rehbein T. , Johlitz M. , Lion A. , Sekmen K. , Constantinescu A.
Published: June 2021

In the present paper, the degree of cure-dependent viscoelastic properties of a commercial photopolymer resin (Loctite$$^{\textregistered }$$

®

3D 3830) used in digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing are investigated experimentally and described by suitable model equations. To do this, tests are carried out both on the liquid resin and printed specimens under various conditions. The experimental methods include photo-DSC, UV rheometry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. A commercial digital light processing (DLP) printer (Loctite$$^{\textregistered }$$

®

EQ PR10.1) is used for the printing of the samples. Model equations are proposed to describe the behavior of the material during and after the printing process. For the representation of the degree of cure depending on temperature and light intensity, the one-dimensional differential equation proposed in a previous paper is extended to capture a temperature-dependent threshold value. The change of the viscoelastic properties during crosslinking is captured macroscopically by time-temperature and time-cure superposition principles. The parameters of the model equations are identified using nonlinear optimization algorithms. A good representation of the experimental data is achieved by the proposed model equations. The findings of this paper help users in additive manufacturing of photopolymers to predict the material properties depending on the degree of cure and temperature of printed components.
Drivers and Barriers for Implementation and International Transferability of Sustainable Pop-up Living Systems
Authors: Bertino Gaetano , Rose Gloria , Kisser Johannes
Published: June 2021

In the current urban system, characterised by a one-directional flow of resources from the rural environment to the cities, the construction sector plays a critical role in supporting the transition from a linear to a circular economy. In this framework, temporary pop-up environments act as an innovative and sustainable type of living system. These are structures conceived as temporary from the outset, based on characteristics like flexible light-weight technologies, fast and easy assembly operations, temporary occupation of the ground and adaptability to different uses, needs and target groups. Great importance is placed on construction reversibility and environmental sustainability. In the framework of the interdisciplinary research project ‘Urban Pop-Up Housing Environments and Their Potential as Local Innovation Systems’, six scenarios of application for temporary pop-up environments for the city of Vienna have been developed, taking into consideration technical, urban and social aspects, on the basis of local uses and climatic conditions. In order to explore drivers and barriers of the scenarios regarding the transferability of the concepts, online questionnaire sessions were conducted with an international audience. The feedback obtained by the participants allowed an analysis of the applicability of the concepts to other urban environments under comparable conditions at the international level. The paper presents the results obtained from the questionnaire sessions, allowing insight on the international perception of temporary pop-up environments and, specifically, strengths and weaknesses of the scenarios, as well as their possible applicability in the local contexts of the respondents. It was observed that while the perceptions of what requirements temporary housing must fulfil in order to be sustainable are quite uniform among the experts, the identified barriers for implementation within the different international contexts differed greatly. The designs of these temporary housing scenarios, which rely heavily on local resources and systems, are strongly interwoven with the fabric and conditions of the city they were conceptualised for. While this serves to promote the sustainability of these solutions, it poses a particular challenge for the international transferability, requiring heavy adaptation for other contexts.
Effectiveness of germicidal ultraviolet light to inactivate coronaviruses on personal protective equipment to reduce nosocomial transmission
Authors: Camargo Carolina , Lupien Andréanne , McIntosh Fiona , Menzies Dick , Behr Marcel A. , Sagan Selena M.
Published: June 2021

Objective:

To circumvent the need for rationing personal protective equipment (PPE), we explored whether germicidal ultraviolet light (GUV) could be used to inactivate human coronaviruses on PPE, enabling safe reuse.

Design:

We performed a laboratory study to assess the ability of 2 commercially available portable GUV devices to inactivate 2 common cold coronaviruses (HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), on the surface of whole N95 respirators and coupons cut from those respirators. We experimentally contaminated N95 respirators with coronavirus cultures and then assessed viral inactivation after GUV exposure by plaque assay, the median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay, and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results:

We found that GUV could efficiently inactivate coronaviruses on the surface of N95 masks, with an average reduction in viral titers of 5-log for HCoV-229E, 3-log for HCoV-OC43, and 5-log for SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the GUV susceptibility of HCoV-229E was similar on coupons and whole N95 respirators.

Conclusions:

We demonstrate that diverse human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, are susceptible to GUV inactivation, and 2 scalable portable GUV devices were effective in inactivating coronaviruses on N95 respirators. Thus, GUV treatment with commercially scalable devices may be an effective method to decontaminate PPE, allowing their safe reuse.
Perceived organizational politics and turnover intentions: critical roles of social adaptive behavior and emotional regulation skills
Authors: De Clercq Dirk , Khan Muhammad Arshad , Haq Inam Ul
Published: June 2021

With a basis in conservation of resources theory, this study investigates how social adaptive behavior might mediate the relationship between employees' perceptions of organizational politics and their turnover intentions, as well as a buffering role of their emotional regulation skills as a critical personal resource. Data collected from employees in the food sector reveal that beliefs about dysfunctional political games spur turnover intentions, driven by employees' unwillingness to adjust themselves to the actions of their organizational colleagues. This mediating role of social adaptive behavior, or its lack, is less salient when employees have a greater ability to control their own emotions though. For organizations, this study accordingly pinpoints a key mechanism—a reluctance to accommodate other members' preferences—by which perceived organizational politics can escalate into a desire to leave the organization. It also reveals how this mechanism can be better contained by employees' ability to remain calm, even in difficult situations.
Greeks and Romans in Book 12 of Quintilian
Authors: Habinek Thomas N.
Published: June 2021

It is a common observation that Latin literature of the imperial period is highly rhetorical. Usually this claim is made with reference to the elaborate and overwrought nature of the language (a function of elocutio) or to the recurrence of certain conventional themes, images, and topoi (a subdivision of inventio). But to the Romans, rhetoric was something larger and deeper. It involved an approach to any situation, not just the composition of literature, that paid attention to the needs and biases of one's interlocutor, the constraints of tradition and form, and, of course, the aims and purposes of the speaker. ‘The art of rhetoric would be an easy and paltry affair if it could be contained in one brief set of rules,’ writes Quintilian. ‘But with cases and circumstances, opportunity and necessity, all is changed about; and so the crucial qualification for an orator is judgement (consilium), because he directs himself in various ways, and in accordance with the circumstances of the situation (ad rerum momenta)’ (I.O. 2.13.2). This rhetorical, or situation-oriented approach to literature and to life was seen by the Romans as distinguishing themselves from the Greeks, who had their own obsessions with esoteric truths and hair-splitting sophistry. Alongside the satirist's contrast between the Graeculus esuriens (‘hungry Greekling’) and the upright Roman, there is an equally common, if less frequently observed contrast between the quick-witted Greek, good at dialectic and analysis, and the sensible Roman, concerned with the moral and practical dimensions of any situation. When Fannius and Scaevola ask Laelius at the outset of the Ciceronian dialogue named after him, if he can please discourse on friendship, he replies that he is no Greek, capable of debating pro and contra on the spur of the moment, but a Roman who can and will give them sound and efficacious exhortation on the significance of loyalty in human affairs.
Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) with tiafenacil mixes in corn
Authors: Soltani Nader , Shropshire Christy , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: June 2021

Four field experiments were completed in commercial corn fields during 2019 and 2020 to determine glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed control in corn with tiafenacil alone or in combination with bromoxynil, dicamba, or tolpyralate applied preplant (PP). Corn planted 1 to 10 d after herbicide application was not injured with any of the herbicides tested. GR horseweed interference reduced corn grain yield 32% when left uncontrolled. Herbicides reduced GR horseweed interference and resulted in corn grain yield that was similar to the weed-free control. Glyphosate (900 g ae ha−1) + tiafenacil at 12.5, 25, and 37.5 g ha−1 controlled GR horseweed 63%, 68%, and 72% at 4 wk after treatment (WAT) and decreased GR horseweed density 64%, 43%, and 83% and dry biomass 69%, 55%, and 83%, respectively. Glyphosate + tiafenacil at 12.5, 25, and 37.5 g ha−1 plus bromoxynil (280 g ai ha−1) controlled GR horseweed 81%, 88%, and 87% at 4 WAT and reduced GR horseweed density 82%, 94%, and 93% and dry biomass 93%, 93%, and 98%, respectively. Glyphosate + tiafenacil at 12.5, 25, and 37.5 g ha−1 plus dicamba (300 g ai ha−1) controlled GR horseweed 86%, 88%, and 88% at 4 WAT and decreased GR horseweed density 76%, 89%, and 86% and dry biomass 94%, 98%, and 98%, respectively. Glyphosate + tiafenacil at 12.5, 25, and 37.5 g ha−1 plus tolpyralate (30 g ai ha−1) controlled GR horseweed 90%, 90%, and 91% at 4 WAT and decreased GR horseweed density 93%, 91%, and 95% and dry biomass 98%, 97%, and 97%, respectively. The industry standards in Ontario, glyphosate + dicamba/atrazine and glyphosate + saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p controlled GR horseweed 95% and 100% at 4, 8, and 12 WAT and caused 99% and 100% density or biomass reduction, respectively.
Hydrodynamic constraints on the energy efficiency of droplet electricity generators
Authors: Riaud Antoine , Wang Cui , Zhou Jia , Xu Wanghuai , Wang Zuankai
Published: June 2021

Electric energy generation from falling droplets has seen a hundred-fold rise in efficiency over the past few years. However, even these newest devices can only extract a small portion of the droplet energy. In this paper, we theoretically investigate the contributions of hydrodynamic and electric losses in limiting the efficiency of droplet electricity generators (DEG). We restrict our analysis to cases where the droplet contacts the electrode at maximum spread, which was observed to maximize the DEG efficiency. Herein, the electro-mechanical energy conversion occurs during the recoil that immediately follows droplet impact. We then identify three limits on existing droplet electric generators: (i) the impingement velocity is limited in order to maintain the droplet integrity; (ii) much of droplet mechanical energy is squandered in overcoming viscous shear force with the substrate; (iii) insufficient electrical charge of the substrate. Of all these effects, we found that up to 83% of the total energy available was lost by viscous dissipation during spreading. Minimizing this loss by using cascaded DEG devices to reduce the droplet kinetic energy may increase future devices efficiency beyond 10%.
Metabolic adaption to extracellular pyruvate triggers biofilm formation in Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Tremblay Yannick D N , Durand Benjamin A R , Hamiot Audrey , Martin-Verstraete Isabelle , Oberkampf Marine , Monot Marc , Dupuy Bruno
Published: June 2021

Clostridioides difficile infections are associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis and are the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhoea. The infectious process is strongly influenced by the microbiota and successful infection relies on the absence of specific microbiota-produced metabolites. Deoxycholate and short-chain fatty acids are microbiota-produced metabolites that limit the growth of C. difficile and protect the host against this infection. In a previous study, we showed that deoxycholate causes C. difficile to form strongly adherent biofilms after 48 h. Here, our objectives were to identify and characterize key molecules and events required for biofilm formation in the presence of deoxycholate. We applied time-course transcriptomics and genetics to identify sigma factors, metabolic processes and type IV pili that drive biofilm formation. These analyses revealed that extracellular pyruvate induces biofilm formation in the presence of deoxycholate. In the absence of deoxycholate, pyruvate supplementation was sufficient to induce biofilm formation in a process that was dependent on pyruvate uptake by the membrane protein CstA. In the context of the human gut, microbiota-generated pyruvate is a metabolite that limits pathogen colonization. Taken together our results suggest that pyruvate-induced biofilm formation might act as a key process driving C. difficile persistence in the gut.
Potential lead-free small band gap halide double perovskites Cs2CuMCl6 (M = Sb, Bi) for green technology
Authors: Nabi Muskan , Gupta Dinesh C.
Published: June 2021

Explorations of stable lead-free perovskites have currently achieved substantial interest to overcome the instability and avoid toxicity related issue faced with the lead-based perovskites. In this study, we have comprehensively studied the stability, nature and origin of electronic, transport and optical properties of inorganic halide double perovskites, which could provide a better understanding of their possible potential applications. The density functional theory is used to investigate the different physical properties of these materials. The stability of these cubic materials is validated by optimizing the structure, tolerance factor, mechanical stability test. The materials are small band gap semiconductors with outshining optoelectronic performance. Due to high optical absorption, high conductivity and low reflectivity they have great potential to be used for optoelectronic application purpose. Because of small band gap we have also investigated the variation of various transport parameters with chemical potential. The semiconducting nature of materials results in ZT close to unity predicting its excellent application in thermoelectric technology.
Integration of substrate- and flow-derived stresses in endothelial cell mechanobiology
Authors: Dessalles Claire A. , Leclech Claire , Castagnino Alessia , Barakat Abdul I.
Published: June 2021

Endothelial cells (ECs) lining all blood vessels are subjected to large mechanical stresses that regulate their structure and function in health and disease. Here, we review EC responses to substrate-derived biophysical cues, namely topography, curvature, and stiffness, as well as to flow-derived stresses, notably shear stress, pressure, and tensile stresses. Because these mechanical cues in vivo are coupled and are exerted simultaneously on ECs, we also review the effects of multiple cues and describe burgeoning in vitro approaches for elucidating how ECs integrate and interpret various mechanical stimuli. We conclude by highlighting key open questions and upcoming challenges in the field of EC mechanobiology.
Mapping the benefits of nature in cities with the InVEST software
Authors: Hamel P. , Guerry A. D. , Polasky S. , Han B. , Douglass J. A. , Hamann M. , Janke B. , Kuiper J. J. , Levrel H. , Liu H. , Lonsdorf E. , McDonald R. I. , Nootenboom C. , Ouyang Z. , Remme R. P. , Sharp R. P. , Tardieu L. , Viguié V. , Xu D. , Zheng H. , Daily G. C.
Published: June 2021

Natural infrastructure such as parks, forests, street trees, green roofs, and coastal vegetation is central to sustainable urban management. Despite recent progress, it remains challenging for urban decision-makers to incorporate the benefits of natural infrastructure into urban design and planning. Here, we present an approach to support the greening of cities by quantifying and mapping the diverse benefits of natural infrastructure for now and in the future. The approach relies on open-source tools, within the InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) software, that compute biophysical and socio-economic metrics relevant to a variety of decisions in data-rich or data-scarce contexts. Through three case studies in China, France, and the United States, we show how spatially explicit information about the benefits of nature enhances urban management by improving economic valuation, prioritizing land use change, and promoting inclusive planning and stakeholder dialogue. We discuss limitations of the tools, including modeling uncertainties and a limited suite of output metrics, and propose research directions to mainstream natural infrastructure information in integrated urban management.
A glacier–ocean interaction model for tsunami genesis due to iceberg calving
Authors: Wolper Joshuah , Gao Ming , Lüthi Martin P. , Heller Valentin , Vieli Andreas , Jiang Chenfanfu , Gaume Johan
Published: June 2021

Glaciers calving icebergs into the ocean significantly contribute to sea-level rise and can trigger tsunamis, posing severe hazards for coastal regions. Computational modeling of such multiphase processes is a great challenge involving complex solid–fluid interactions. Here, a new continuum damage Material Point Method has been developed to model dynamic glacier fracture under the combined effects of gravity and buoyancy, as well as the subsequent propagation of tsunami-like waves induced by released icebergs. We reproduce the main features of tsunamis obtained in laboratory experiments as well as calving characteristics, the iceberg size, tsunami amplitude and wave speed measured at Eqip Sermia, an ocean-terminating outlet glacier of the Greenland ice sheet. Our hybrid approach constitutes important progress towards the modeling of solid–fluid interactions, and has the potential to contribute to refining empirical calving laws used in large-scale earth-system models as well as to improve hazard assessments and mitigation measures in coastal regions, which is essential in the context of climate change.
Removal of lithium and uranium from seawater using fly ash and slag generated in the CFBC technology
Authors: Kalak Tomasz , Tachibana Yu
Published: June 2021

Fly ash and slag were produced as a result of the incineration of municipal sewage sludge using the circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) technology and were examined for the simultaneous recovery of lithium and uranium from seawater in batch adsorption experiments.
A magnetic MOF derivative with rich interactions formed under mild preparation conditions for the extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from the Yellow River
Authors: Liu Hongmei , Dang Shihao , A Gu , Ye Baogui
Published: June 2021

For sorbents, good magnetic properties and rich interactions with targets are important ways to improve the efficiency of magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE).
A simple new method for the determination of ammonium isotopes by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Guo Wei , Jiang Ran , Xinfeng Zhang , Li Jun
Published: June 2021

We report a new method for the determination of naturally abundant15N (concentration of15N) in ammonium in water samples. It has low loss, one step reaction and target product isn't gas. GC-MS is used in this method, easily accepted by researchers.
Na2VO(HPO4)2: an original phase solved by continuous 3D electron diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction
Authors: Lepoittevin C. , Leynaud O. , Neveu A. , Barbier T. , Gnanavel M. , Gopal V. , Pralong V.
Published: June 2021

The new material Na2VO(HPO4)2 was synthesized by sodium/proton ion exchange, and its crystal structure was solved using continuous 3D Electron Diffraction combined with powder X-ray diffraction refinement.
Inflammation and ROS in arthritis: management by Ayurvedic medicinal plants
Authors: Prasad Sahdeo , Kulshreshtha Alok , Lall Rajiv , Gupta Subash C.
Published: June 2021

Chronic joint inflammatory disorders like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which are manifested by joint dysfunction, show an upsurge in inflammation and oxidative stress.
Improving the nutritional profile of culinary products: oleogel-based bouillon cubes
Authors: Conty Valentina , Theierl Sophia , Flöter Eckhard
Published: June 2021

The feasibility of replacement of traditional fat phases by three different structuring systems as oleogels in bouillon cubes as model system for culinary products has been evaluated in this study.
Discovery, synthesis and biological characterization of a series of N-(1-(1,1-dioxidotetrahydrothiophen-3-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)acetamide ethers as novel GIRK1/2 potassium channel activators
Authors: Sharma Swagat , Lesiak Lauren , Aretz Christopher D. , Du Yu , Kumar Sushil , Gautam Nagsen , Alnouti Yazen , Dhuria Nikilesh V. , Chhonker Yashpal S. , Weaver C. David , Hopkins Corey R.
Published: June 2021

We report the synthesis, biological characterization, and in vitro PK properties of a new ether series of compounds that incorporate the sulfone group while maintaining potency and stability. 11a was identified as a new GIRK1/2 activator with suitable properties.