bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kayısı Üretiminde Önde Gelen İllerin 2019-2025 Üretim Tahminleri
Authors: Karabacak Tuba , Uzundumlu Ahmet
Published: December 2020

Sağlık açısından tüketilmesi oldukça önemli olan kayısının yaş ve kuru olmak üzere iki şekilde üretimi yapılmaktadır. Üretim miktarı açısından dünyada önde gelen ülkelerden biri olan Türkiye ihracat noktasında da büyük bir paya sahiptir. Dünya kuru kayısı ihracatında birinci sırada yer alan Türkiye 2018 yılı ihracat verilerine göre %36,2’lik kısmını ABD, Fransa, Rusya Federasyonu, Almanya ve Birleşik Krallığın yer aldığı altı ülkeye, taze kayısı ihracatının %74’lük kısmını Rusya Federasyonu ve Irak ülkelerine gerçekleştirmiştir. 1991 yılında Türkiye’de kayısı üretimi 276.000 ton iken bu miktar 2018 yılı itibariyle 750.000 tona ulaşmıştır. Üretim miktarında büyük paya sahip illerin başında Malatya gelmektedir. Malatya dünya kuru kayısı ihracatında %85’lik bir payla sırasıyla ABD, Fransa, Almanya ülkeleri başta olmak üzere 122 ülkeye kuru kayısı ihracatı gerçekleştirmektedir. Malatya ili kayısı üretiminde ve ihracatta önemli bir yere sahip olmakla birlikte ihracatta ve sofralık tüketimde diğer illerdeki kayısı üretimi de ekonomiye yön vermektedir. Mersin, Elazığ, Kahramanmaraş, Iğdır, Hatay, Antalya, Isparta, Kayseri ve Sivas illeri de kayısı üretimi miktarı açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışma ile kayısı üretim miktarında önde gelen illerin 1991-2018 yıllarında gerçekleştirmiş oldukları üretim miktarları temel alınarak 2019-2025 yılları üretim miktarlarının tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada illerin 28 yıllık kayısı üretim miktarları için Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) verileri kullanılmıştır. Tahminleri gerçekleştirmek için ARIMA modeli kullanılmış olup en uygun modeli belirlemek için AIC, BIC, SSE, MSE, MPE kriterlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi SAS 9.4 istatistik programı aracılığıyla yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucu ile kayısı ihracatında önemli bir paya sahip olan Malatya’nın ve diğer dokuz ilin mevcut kayısı üretimi artırmak ve üretimde sürdürülebilirliği sağlamak amacıyla önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Tomato Business Integration Conduct; Is It the Impact of Marketing Structure? (Tomato Marketing Study in Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara)
Authors: Gangkur Fabianus , Anindita Ratya , Toiba Hery
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to examine the demand for tomato SCP in Manggarai Regency. The participants were 82 farmers, 7 middlemen, and 16 retailers. The characteristics of the farmers were homogeneous in terms of having a limited area of approximately 0.1-0.5 hectares. A simple random sampling method was then used to determine the participants. Slovin’s formula was used to determine the farmer participants. The snowball sampling method was used to assess the sample of middlemen. Market structure data was analyzed by market share, and market concentration used CR4 estimates. Whereas, consumer conduct had been descriptively studied in relation to pricing strategies and business integration. Market performance estimation was made by measuring the margin and the farmer’s share. The results showed that the structure of the market for tomatoes in Manggarai Regency was oligopolistic and very concentrated. The CR4 values were as follows: middlemen (69.95 %), retailers (54.57%) and farmers (13.05 per cent). Meanwhile, the market structure affected the market conduct in which traders as price determinant and farmers as price takers. In addition, the middlemen established vertical business integration as an attempt to expand their business, dominate the market and increase their income. Oligopoly market structure and market conduct affected the tomato market in Manggarai Regency. The tomato market performance was inefficient as seen from a wide margin but having small farmer’s share. The margin values for channels I and II were Rp12.151,00 and Rp11.525,00 respectively. Whereas the farmer’s share was 36.46 percent and 39.74 percent respectively. Reflecting to the results, an accessible price information service is extremely needed for farmers to minimize asymmetry information. In addition, farmers need to maximize the role and work of farmers' groups as a joint marketing agency in order to increase their bargaining position.
Fuzzy-based reliable and secure cooperative spectrum sensing for the smart grid
Authors: Nassef Laila , Alhebshi Reemah ,   Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Published: December 2020

Cognitive radio is a promising technology to solve the spectrum scarcity problem caused by inefficient utilization of radio spectrum bands. It allows secondary users to opportunistically access the underutilized spectrum bands assigned to licensed primary users. The local individual spectrum detection is inefficient, and cooperative spectrum sensing is employed to enhance spectrum detection accuracy. However, cooperative spectrum sensing opens up opportunities for new types of security attacks related to the cognitive cycle. One of these attacks is the spectrum sensing data falsification attack, where malicious secondary users send falsified sensing reports about spectrum availability to mislead the fusion center. This internal attack cannot be prevented using traditional cryptography mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, none of the previous work has considered both unreliable communication environments and the spectrum sensing data falsification attack for cognitive radio based smart grid applications. This paper proposes a fuzzy inference system based on four conflicting descriptors. An attack model is formulated to determine the probability of detection for both honest and malicious secondary users. It considers four independent malicious secondary users’ attacking strategies of always yes, always no, random, and opposite attacks. The performance of the proposed fuzzy fusion system is simulated and compared with the conventional fusion rules of AND, OR, Majority, and the reliable fuzzy fusion that does not consider the secondary user’s sensing reputation. The results indicate that incorporating sensing reputation in the fusion center has enhanced the accuracy of spectrum detection and have prevented malicious secondary users from participating in the spectrum detection fusion
Nutritional Interventions in Cancer Cachexia Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Son Wangkuk , Lin Jason , Puppa Melissa ,   University of Memphis College of Health Sciences, 495 Zach Curlin St., Memphis, TN, USA
Published: December 2020

Cancer cachexia contributes to 30% of cancer-related deaths. There is currently no treatment or standard of care for cancer cachexia. Many nutritional interventions show promise for the treatment and or prevention of cachexia. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids, protein and vitamins either alone or in combination has shown some beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of cancer cachexia. The mechanisms through which many nutritional interventions work to attenuate cachexia are just beginning to be understood. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine several nutritional strategies that have been investigated in the prevention and or treatment of cancer cachexia and provide evidence for the use of additional nutritional interventions to combat cachexia.
Using Social Media Data to Understand Consumers' Information Needs and Emotions Regarding Cancer: Ontology-Based Data Analysis Study
Authors: Lee Jooyun , Park Hyeoun-Ae , Park Seul Ki , Song Tae-Min
Published: December 2020

Background

Analysis of posts on social media is effective in investigating health information needs for disease management and identifying people’s emotional status related to disease. An ontology is needed for semantic analysis of social media data.

Objective

This study was performed to develop a cancer ontology with terminology containing consumer terms and to analyze social media data to identify health information needs and emotions related to cancer.

Methods

A cancer ontology was developed using social media data, collected with a crawler, from online communities and blogs between January 1, 2014 and June 30, 2017 in South Korea. The relative frequencies of posts containing ontology concepts were counted and compared by cancer type.

Results

The ontology had 9 superclasses, 213 class concepts, and 4061 synonyms. Ontology-driven natural language processing was performed on the text from 754,744 cancer-related posts. Colon, breast, stomach, cervical, lung, liver, pancreatic, and prostate cancer; brain tumors; and leukemia appeared most in these posts. At the superclass level, risk factor was the most frequent, followed by emotions, symptoms, treatments, and dealing with cancer.

Conclusions

Information needs and emotions differed according to cancer type. The observations of this study could be used to provide tailored information to consumers according to cancer type and care process. Attention should be paid to provision of cancer-related information to not only patients but also their families and the general public seeking information on cancer.
Leadership Styles and Organizational Knowledge Management Activities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Al Amiri Nabeel , Abdul Rahim Rabiah Eladwiah , Ahmed Gouher
Published: December 2020

Leaders play a critical role in the success or failure of their organizations. Leaders can be effective in implementing changes, building their organization's capabilities, and improving its performance, or the opposite, they could be ineffective. In this systematic review, the authors aim to summarize the findings of previous quantitative research, published between the period from 2000 to 2018, to identify the effect of various leadership styles on organizational Knowledge management (KM) capabilities and activities. The authors reviewed 50 articles found in well-known databases included Emerald, ScienceDirect, Taylor and Francis, Ebsco, Google Scholar, and others, concerning the impact of leadership when implementing KM in business organizations. The review revealed that transformational, transactional, knowledge-oriented leadership, top executives, and strategic leadership have evidence of their constant and positive effect on the KM process. The authors encourage organizations to use a combination of those styles to maximize the effect of leadership on KM. The authors also recommend conducting further studies on the effect of the remaining leadership styles, such as the ethical and servant leadership styles on KM and the other specific KM activities.
Ag/CeO2/SBA-15 hybrid catalysts for the elimination of E. coli in potable water system
Authors: Arellano Ulises , Wang Jin An , Balcázar Luz M. , Chen Lifang , Salmones José , Solís Silvia , Asomoza Maximiliano , González Julio
Published: December 2020

Hybrid Ag/CeO2/SBA-15 mesoporous nanocatalysts were prepared and their bactericidal activity was evaluated aiming at elimination of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the potable water system. It was found that there existed electrons transferring from Ag0 to CeO2 to form Ag+/Ag0 and Ce4+/Ce3+ couples in the heterojunction structure, which resulted from strong interaction between Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) and highly dispersed CeO2. By increasing the Ag content from 1wt% to 3 and 5 wt% in the catalysts, the bactericidal power of Ag/CeO2/SBA-15 materials significantly enhanced in the presence of both visible and UV light, which can be explained by the increasing electrons transferring function from Ag0 to CeO2 under UV-visible light irradiation. A combination mechanism of E. coli deactivation was proposed where E. coli body may be simultaneously attacked by both AgNPs and Ag+ ions promoted by CeO2. The former may attack the cell membrane, leading to its cleavage and disruption; and the latter may be ionized and released from AgNPs to enter inside the cell, modifying its permeability and respiration, finally resulting in complete deactivation and death.
Concentración/Especialización económica en el Ecuador
Authors: Almeida Carlos , Quituisaca-Samaniego Lilia , Antamba Luis
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se explora la heterogeneidad de la estructura económica de la pequeña empresa en el Ecuador, para relacionar las actividades económicas en una unidad geográfica, así, como la distribución de los pesos que representa cada sector económico (manufactura, comercio y servicios). Se utiliza la distancia de Hellinger entre distribuciones para comparar las estructuras económicas y las distribucionesgeográficas de los diferentes sectores y actividades de la economía, según la clasificación CIIU 4.0. Para caracterizar una economía, se utiliza el número de trabajadores que pertenecen a un sector económico en una unidad geográfica. Finalmente, se utiliza estas distancias, para hacer agrupaciones geográficas, que conserven continuidad territorial. La fuente de datos para el análisis está constituido por los registros del Censo Nacional Económico (CENEC, 2010) del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC).
La solidaridad en red: los trabajadores ferroviarios de Valparaíso entre los años 1973-1989
Authors: Fuentes Góngora Erick
Published: December 2020

Durante el siglo XX el concepto de patrimonio se ha expandido y profundizadorelevando especialmente lo monumental, pero en las últimas décadas su comprensión es cada vez más diversa al incorporar bienes, ideas, procesos y formas de vida que, hasta hace no mucho tiempo, simplemente no se consideraban o estaban desprovistas de cualquier tipo de valoración. Desde un punto de vista político, es interesante destacar la forma en cómo se ha abordado en Chile el patrimonio industrial y, en particular, el patrimonio ferroviario, todavía con un foco que privilegia las arquitecturas y tecnologías por sobre los procesos socioculturales de los hombres y mujeres que trabajaban allí. Estas notas de investigación ponen en valor la memoria del Complejo Ferroviario Barón de Valparaíso a partir de la constitución de un Archivo Oral basado en las voces que actualmente se encuentran en la memoria de sus portadores, visibilizando el patrimonio industrial ferroviario de la ciudad.
Fenomena Fashion Hijab dan Niqab Perspektif Tafsir Maqāsidi
Authors: Syahridawati Syahridawati
Published: December 2020

Hijab fashion has become a growing trend in Indonesia, leading to the emergence of various new hijab styles. These new styles have influenced more women to wear a hijab; however, their motivation to wear one is not merely to cover their head, but also to immerse in the current hijab trend. It is, thus, important to investigate the real purposes of hijab by referring to the Quran, hadith, and the views of ulema (Muslim scholars). This research is library research employing a qualitative approach. It discusses the hijab fashion from the maqāṣidi interpretation. Through this interpretation, it was found that covering up the ‘aurah’ (forbidden parts of body to be exposed) is part of hifẓ karāmah (maintaining honor). There are three purposes of wearing a hijab: 1) To cover oneself physically and mentally, 2) To protect humans from climate hazards and social harms (bilateral function), 3) To improve one’s appearance for positive intentions (additional function). AbstrakFenomena fashion hijab semakin berkembang di Indonesia dan melahirkan trend baru dalam berhijab. Dengan banyaknya mode hijab yang ada memicu semangat para wanita untuk berhijab, akan tetapi pemakaian hijab di sini tidak semata-mata untuk menutup aurat, tetapi ada unsur mengikuti mode di dalamnya. Oleh sebab itu penting untuk dikaji mengenai konsep berhijab yang sebenarnya dengan merujuk pada al-Qur’an, hadis serta pendapat ‘ulama. Tulisan ini membahas mengenai fashion hijab ditinjau dari perspektif tafsir maqāṣidi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Melalui tafsir maqāṣidi, dapat diketahui bahwasanya menutup aurat adalah bagian dari hifẓ karāmah (menjaga kehormatan). Ada tiga fungsi dari menutup aurat. Pertama, fungsi dasar, yakni menutup aurat secara zahir dan batin. Kedua, fungsi ganda (bilateral) yang melindungi manusia dari bahaya iklim dan kerugian sosial. Ketiga, fungsi tambahan, yakni menutup aurat salah satu sarana untuk menghias diri dan berpenampilan bagus dalam hal positif.
El paciente con dolor ocular en urgencias
Authors: V. Oscar Pradilla , Rueda-Sánchez Mauricio
Published: December 2020

La región ocular es una zona que puede ser origen de patologías dolorosas por compromiso primario del ojo que produzcan cefalea como síntoma asociado. A su vez, puede ser la localización de dolor referido por patologías neurológicas. De allí que su evaluación se realice usualmente en forma multidisciplinaria por neurología y oftalmología. Los pacientes con examen oftalmológico anormal suelen tener una aproximación clínica más simple, lo que permite un diagnóstico más rápido y un tratamiento más eficaz; el reto es la aproximación al paciente con dolor ocular y examen normal. Por lo general, los oftalmólogos se refieren a este como "ojo blanco o tranquilo" y los pacientes son diferidos a valoración por neurología.
El paciente con cefalea por uso excesivo de medicamentos en urgencias
Authors: Martinez José David
Published: December 2020

La cefalea por abuso de medicamentos es una condición neurológica endémica y discapacitante que afecta a entre el 1 y el 2 % de la población general y ayuda a la cronificación de una cefalea previa de base, generalmente la migraña. Se define como una cefalea que aparece 15 o más días al mes en pacientes con cefalea primaria preexistente, como consecuencia del abuso habitual de medicación aguda o sintomática contra la cefalea (durante 10 o más o 15 o más días al mes, según el fármaco) en un periodo superior a tres meses. Suele, aunque no siempre, remitir al detener el abuso de la medicación. El tratamiento requiere varios pasos: educación, retiro del medicamento usado en exceso, desintoxiación e inicio de manejo profiláctico.
Cooperativismo e responsabilidade social
Authors: Molinos Pires Filho Fernando
Published: December 2020

O autor analisa o movimento de criação de uma Cooperativa de C. Dentistas, assumindo o ponto de vista da população consumidora de serviços odontológicos, a fim de questionar sua função social.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be effective to improve hypoxemia in patients with severe COVID-2019 pneumonia: two case reports
Authors:   Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The Sixth Medical Centre, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, Guo Dazhi , Pan Shuyi ,   Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The Sixth Medical Centre, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, Wang MaoMao ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai China,   Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, Guo Yufeng ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai China,   Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
Published: December 2020

Objective: To determine whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy be effective to improve hypoxemia for severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Method: Two male patients ages 57 and 64 years old were treated. Each met at least one of the following criteria: shortness of breath; respiratory rate (RR) ≥30 breaths/minute; finger pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≤93% at rest; and oxygen index (P/F ratio: PaO2/FiO2 ≤300 mmHg). Each case excluded any combination with pneumothorax, pulmonary bullae or other absolute contraindications to HBO2. Patients were treated with 1.5 atmospheres absolute HBO2 with an oxygen concentration of more than 95% for 60 minutes per treatment, once a day for one week. Patients’ self-reported symptoms, daily mean SpO2 (SO2), arterial blood gas analysis, d-dimer, lymphocyte, cholinesterase (che) and chest CT were conducted and measured. Results: For both patients, dyspnea and shortness of breath were immediately alleviated after the first HBO2 treatment and remarkably relieved after seven days of HBO2 therapy. The RR also decreased daily. Neither patient became critically ill. The decreasing trend of SO2 and P/F ratio was immediately reversed and increased day by day. The lymphocyte count and ratio corresponding to immune function gradually recovered. D-dimer corresponding to peripheral circulation disorders and serum cholinesterase, reflecting liver function had improved. Follow-up chest CT showed that the pulmonary inflammation had clearly subsided. Conclusions: Our preliminary uncontrolled case reports suggest that HBO2 therapy may promptly improve the progressive hypoxemia of patients with COVID-2019 pneumonia. However, the limited sample size and study design preclude a definitive statement about the potential effectiveness of HBO2 therapy to COVID-2019 pneumonia. It requires evaluation in randomized clinical trials in future.
Incidence of decompression sickness in hypobaric hypoxia training
Authors:   Department of Aerospace Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science University Turkey, Eskisehir, Turkey, Ercan Erdinc , Demir Engin ,   Department of Aerospace Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science University Turkey, Eskisehir, Turkey, Sabaner Eda ,   Department of Aerospace Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science University Turkey, Eskisehir, Turkey, Savas Akin ,   Department of Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: December 2020

Simulated flight in a hypobaric chamber is a fundamental component in the physiological training of aviators. Although rare, there is always a risk of decompression sickness (DCS) in trainees during hypobaric hypoxia training. In this study we aimed to determine the incidence of altitude-induced DCS and the symptoms manifested in trainees and inside chamber observers (ICOs) during the training sessions. We retrospectively reviewed the records of DCS cases during the period of January 1, 2011, and October 1, 2018. The records of 6,657 trainees and 615 ICOs were evaluated. The gender distribution in 6,657 trainees was 6,578 (98.81%) male and 79 (1.19%) female. The numbers of DCS cases in trainees and ICOs were six (0.09%) and two (0.33%), respectively [(ICOs versus trainees – odds ratio (OR): 3.574; 95% CI 0.720–17.744; (p > 0.05)]. All ICOs were male; no DCS incident was observed among female trainees. Recompression treatments were applied on site, and complete recovery was achieved in all cases. Overall DCS incidence was found to be 0.11% among the 7,193 male subjects, which included trainees and ICOs. The higher incidence of DCS in ICOs was attributed to the physical activities performed at altitudes by ICOs. In such training, established instructions have to be strictly followed by physicians, ICOs and trainees. All trainees and ICOs should be aware of the symptoms and signs of DCS, and medical support including a recompression facility, should be provided on site during hypobaric hypoxia training.
Successful use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for limb salvage of acute limb ischemia as a complication of acute carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea, Kim Yoon-Seop , Youn Young Jin ,   Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea, Cha Yong Sung ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
Published: December 2020

Acute limb ischemia (ALI) as a complication of acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is rare. Several reports have utilized hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) as an adjunctive therapy for peripheral arterial diseases. However, no study has yet described the use of HBO2 for ALI precipitated by CO poisoning. Herein we report successful limb salvage achieved with adjunctive HBO2 and conventional therapies in a patient with CO-induced ALI. A 69-year-old man was admitted with acute CO poisoning; ALI of both lower extremities occurred on hospitalization day 3. Pre-existing risk factors for ALI other than CO were not definite. After conventional treatments including catheter-directed thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy, the right-side lesion remained and a left-side lesion was newly developed. In addition to prior therapies, 47 sessions of serial HBO2 were administered as adjunctive therapy, resulting in limb salvage. Acute CO poisoning can cause ALI as a rare complication. HBO2 may be utilized as an adjunctive treatment in ALI.
Potential geographical distribution and environmental explanations of rare and endangered plant species through combined modelling: A case study of Northwest Yunnan, China
Authors: Ye Pengcheng , Zhang Guangfu , Zhao Xiao , Chen Hui , Si Qin , Wu Jianyong
Published: December 2020

In recent decades, due to the effect of climate change and the
interference of human activities, the species habitat index fallen 2%.
Studying the geographical distribution pattern and predicting the
potential geographical distribution of species are of great significance
for developing scientific and effective biodiversity conservation
strategies. The purpose of this research is to predict the potential
geographical distribution of 25 rare and endangered plant species in
Northwest Yunnan, China on the grid map with a resolution of 0.05° ×
0.05° and analyze the explanation capabilities of various environmental
factors on the potential geographical distribution patterns of these
species, and explore the main restrictive environmental factors.
Initially, we employed the ecological niche model MaxEnt to predict the
potential geographical distribution of target species. Following that,
we overlaid the potential geographical distribution of each species, and
we obtained the potential geographical distribution pattern of species
richness on the spatial scale of the ecological niche model with a
resolution of 0.05° × 0.05°. Ultimately, we also adopted geographically
weighted regression (GWR) model to investigate the explanation
capabilities of various environmental parameters on the potential
distribution patterns. The results showed that the average AUC value of
each species was between 0.80 and 1.00, which indicated that the
simulation precision of the MaxEnt model for each species was good or
excellent. Besides, the potential distribution areas of these species
were between 826.33 km2 and 44,963.53 km2. In addition, the average
contribution values of the annual precipitation (Bio12), precipitation
of coldest quarter (Bio19) and population density (Pop) were 25.92%,
15.86% and 17.95%, respectively. Moreover, the goodness of fit R2 and
AIC value of the water model were 0.88 and 7,703.82, respectively, which
indicated the water factor largely influenced the potential distribution
of these species. The results of this study would be helpful for
implementing long-term conservation and reintroduction for these
species.
Capacity-Based Optimization Using Whale Optimization Technique of a Power Distribution Network
Authors: Simachew Bawoke , khan baseem , Guerrero Josep M , *Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar , Mahela Om Prakash , Alhelou Hassan Haes
Published: December 2020

In the power distribution network, real power loss and voltage profile
management are critical issues. By providing active and reactive power
support, both of these issues can be managed. This paper utilized the
Meta heuristic-based method for the optimal size and placement of
distributed generation (DG) and capacitor (QG) sources for loss
reduction by incorporating network current carrying capacity constraint
in the optimization problem. The overall problem is optimized using an
upgraded method of the fitness assignment and solution chasing based on
the aggregate approach called Multi-objective Whale Optimization
Algorithm (MWOA). Wind and solar photovoltaic sources are utilized as
the distributed generation with their probabilistic outputs. The
developed method is tested using two feeders of practical Bahir Dar
Distribution Network, Ethiopia. The results of loss minimization and
voltage profile management with MWOA are compared with multi-objective
particle swam optimization (MPSO) with an equal number of iteration to
show the superiority of the developed method.
The Future of Long-Term Monitoring Following Catheter and Surgical Intervention for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lohrmann Graham , Passman Rod
Published: December 2020

Monitoring following catheter or surgical ablation for atrial
fibrillation (AF) is an essential tool used to assess outcomes for
research purposes and help guide clinical decision making. The most
commonly used methods to monitor for post-intervention AF include a
variety of ambulatory external electrocardiogram (ECG) monitors, cardiac
implantable electronic devices (CIED), and more recently, direct to
consumer digital health technologies. The traditional metric of ablation
success, recurrence > 30 seconds at 1 year, is below the
detection capabilities of almost all monitoring techniques yet still
undervalues the efficacy of AF interventions. Measures of AF burden
reduction and duration give a more complete assessment of the impact of
AF surgeries and ablation. As it is increasingly being recognized that
AF burden and duration is related to stroke risk, long-term,
inexpensive, non-invasive monitoring methods are needed. Smart phones
and watches with AF-detecting capabilities, which are increasingly being
used by the majority of US adults, have emerged as viable options to
achieve this goal, shifting the paradigm of AF monitoring to a more
patient centered approach.
Selection for resistance to acequinocyl in Amblyseius andersoni(Chant) (Anactinotrichida: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Puchalska Ewa
Published: December 2020

Większośćpestycydów stosowanych w zwalczaniu szkod-ników w sadach jest szkodliwa dla pożytecznych stawonogów. Wyselekcjonowanie drapieżców i parazytoidów odpornych na chemiczne środki ochrony roślin mogłoby przyczynić się do ich lepszego wykorzystania w uprawach, w których stosowanie pestycydów jest konieczne. Celem niniejszej pracy była selekcja linii drapieżnego roztocza Amblyseius andersoni odpornej na ace-kwinocyl – akarycyd należący do grupy inhibi-torów transportu elektronów w kompleksie III mitochondrialnego łańcucha oddechowego. Jako dawkę selekcyjną zastosowano stężenie pesty-cydu powodujące śmiertelność 55–65% zapłod-nionych samic drapieżcy. U wyselekcjonowanej laboratoryjnie linii odnotowano dziewięciokrotny wzrost oporności na acekwinocyl po dwóch cy-klach selekcyjnych i ponad 30-krotny wzrost po czterech cyklach. Wyselekcjonowana populacja A. andersoni rozwinęła również umiarkowanąoporność krzyżową na fenpiroksymat.
The evaluation of infection caused by different fungi species of highbush blueberry plants grown on selected commercial plantations located in central Poland
Authors: Piencek Wioleta , Kukuła Wojciech
Published: December 2020

W latach 2017–2018 prowadzono badania dotyczące wy-stępowania chorób powodowanych przez grzyby na czterech plantacjach borówki wysokiej zlo-kalizowanych w centralnej Polsce. Celem badańbyła izolacja i identyfikacja patogenów z pora-żonych organów krzewów borówki wysokiej. W badanym materiale roślinnym zidentyfikowano cztery gatunki grzybów. Na wszystkich lustrowa-nych plantacjach obserwowano Botrytis cinerea, Godronia cassandrae i Phomopsis vaccinii, a tyl-ko na jednej plantacji zidentyfikowano Valdensia heterodoxa. Grzyby identyfikowano na podstawie oznak etiologicznych obecnych na porażonych organach roślin, przy użyciu klasycznych metod. W ramach badań oceniono skuteczność siedmiu fungicydów w zwalczaniu choroby szara pleśńborówki wysokiej. Do badań wykorzystano za-równo preparaty powszechnie polecane w ochro-nie borówki wysokiej przed szarą pleśnią, jak i fungicydy dopuszczone do ochrony przed tą cho-robą upraw innych roślin jagodowych (truskawka i malina). Fungicydy Luna Experience 400 SC i Prolectus 50 WG mogą być rozważane jako uzu-pełnienie listy środków zalecanych do zwalczania choroby szara pleśń na plantacjach borówki wy-sokiej.
Landscape accessibility in terms of Polish law. Can everyone use urban open spaces in Poland?
Authors: Rawski Kamil
Published: December 2020

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę projektowania obiektów architektury krajobrazu (OAK) w kontekście ich dostępności dla różnych użytkowników. Przeanalizowano aspekty, jakie powinno uwzględniać się na etapie projektowania tak, aby przestrzeń stała się przede wszystkim dostępna i bezpieczna dla osób ze specjalnymi potrzebami. Omówiono także zagadnienia związane z zapisami prawnymi, które określają wytyczne projektowe poszczególnych elementów przestrzeni, oraz przeanalizowano je w odniesieniu do projektowania OAK. Poruszono także tematykę związaną ze wspieraniem osób niepełnosprawnych przez rząd w postaci programu „Dostępność Plus” czy też opracowania nowej ustawy o zapewnianiu dostępności osobom ze szczególnymi potrzebami. Celem niniejszej publikacji jest również próba określenia ogólnego stanu dostępności OAK na terenie Polski na podstawie istniejących zapisów prawa. Niezobowiązujące projektantów do planowania dostępności regulacje prawne nie mogą zapewnić dostępności OAK. Przepisy prawne powinny być określone jako przejrzyste wytyczne. Obecnie polski rząd próbuje poprawić aktualną sytuację, ale zdaniem autora potrzebne są dalsze zmiany.
Day-to-Day Variations in Fasting Plasma Glucose Do Not Influence Gastric Emptying in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Aigner Lea , Becker Björn , Gerken Sonja , Quast Daniel R. , Meier Juris J. , Nauck Michael A.
Published: December 2020

Objective: Acute experimental
variations in glycemia decelerate (hyperglycemia) or accelerate (hypoglycemia)
gastric emptying. Whether spontaneous
variations in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) have a similar influence on gastric
emptying is yet unclear.

Research design and methods: Gastric emptying of a mixed meal was
prospectively studied three times in 20 patients with type 1 diabetes and 10
healthy subjects with normal glucose tolerance using a 13C-CO2
octanoate breath test with Wagner-Nelson analysis. The velocity of gastric emptying
was related to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) measured before the test (grouped as
low, intermediate, or high). In addition, gastric emptying data from 255
patients with type 1 diabetes studied for clinical indications were compared by
tertiles of baseline FPG.

Results: Despite marked variations in FPG (by 4.8 (3.4;
6.2) mmol/l), gastric emptying did not differ between the three prospective
examinations in patients with type 1 diabetes (D T1/2 between highest and lowest
FPG: 1 [95 % CI: -35; 37] min; p = 0.90). The coefficient of variation for T1/2
determined three times was 21.0 %. Similar results at much lower
variations in FPG were found in healthy subjects. In the cross-sectional
analysis, gastric emptying did not differ between the tertiles of FPG (D T1/2 between highest and lowest
FPG: 7 [95 % CI: - 10; 23] min; p = 0.66), when FPG varied by 7.2 (6.7; 7.8)
mmol/l. However, higher HbA1c was significantly related to slower gastric
emptying.

Conclusions: Day-to-day variations in FPG not induced by
therapeutic measures do not influence gastric emptying significantly. These
findings are in contrast with those obtained after rapidly clamping plasma
glucose in the hyper- or hypoglycemic concentrations range and challenge the clinical
importance of short-term glucose fluctuations for gastric emptying in type
1-diabetic patients. Rather, chronic hyperglycemia is associated with slowed
gastric emptying.
Interpretable Machine Learning Framework Reveals Robust Gut Microbiome Features Associated With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gou Wanglong , Ling Chu-wen , He Yan , Jiang Zengliang , Fu Yuanqing , Xu Fengzhe , Miao Zelei , Sun Ting-yu , Lin Jie-sheng , Zhu Hui-lian , Zhou Hongwei , Chen Yu-ming , Zheng Ju-Sheng
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE To identify the core
gut microbial features associated with type 2 diabetes risk, and potential demographic, adiposity and dietary factors associated
with these features.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND
METHODS We used an interpretable
machine learning framework to identify the type 2 diabetes-related gut microbiome features in the cross-sectional analyses of three Chinese
cohorts: one discovery cohort (n=1832, 270 cases) and two
validation cohorts (cohort 1: n=203, 48 cases; cohort 2: n=7009, 608 cases). We constructed a microbiome risk score (MRS) with the identified
features. We examined the prospective association of the MRS with glucose
increment in 249 non-T2D participants, and assessed the correlation between the
MRS and host blood metabolites (n=1016). We transferred human faecal samples
with different MRS levels to germ-free mice to confirm the MRS-type 2 diabetes relationship. We then examined the prospective association of demographic, adiposity
and dietary factors with the MRS (n=1832).

RESULTS The MRS (including 14 microbial features) consistently associated
with type 2 diabetes, with risk ratio for per one unit change in MRS 1.28 (95%CI 1.23-1.33),
1.23 (1.13-1.34) and 1.12 (1.06-1.18) across 3 cohorts. The MRS was positively associated with future glucose increment
(P<0.05), and was correlated with a variety of gut microbiota-derived blood
metabolites. Animal study further
confirms the MRS-type 2 diabetes relationship. Body fat distribution was
found to be a key factor modulating the gut microbiome-type 2 diabetes
relationship.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results reveal a core
set of gut microbiome features associated with type 2 diabetes risk and future
glucose increment.
Identifying Patterns of Comorbidities with Cancers of the Colon and Rectum, as Related to age at Diagnosis
Authors: Gheybi Kazzem , Roder David , Buckley Elizabeth , Virty Agnes
Published: December 2020

IntroductionAustralians have a high incidence of Colorectal cancer (CRC) and it is the second leading cause of cancer death. CRC patients experience more comorbid conditions such as diabetes and heart diseases than expected from population norms. It is anticipated that older patients with CRC will have even more comorbidities.

ApproachData from South Australia Cancer Registry were linked with hospital inpatient separations (public and private) and Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme data to acquire a detailed dataset of CRC patients in South Australia. We have investigated the prevalence of different comorbidities by age and subsite (colon vs rectal) in the 12 months period prior to CRC diagnosis using the chronic comorbid conditions used by Charlson and RX-risk indices.

ResultsOf 11,656 CRCs diagnosed in 2003-2013, a significant higher prevalence of comorbidity presented in colon than rectal cancer patients using either indices. The most prevalent comorbidities for colon and rectal cancers respectively were: hypertension (25.9%, 22.0%), diabetes (17.3%, 15.6%) and gastric disease (11.4%, 12.4%). Common medications for colon and rectal cancers respectively were: hyperlipidaemia (38.4%, 33.7%), hypertension (38.0%, 31.7%) and gastroesophageal reflux diseases (36.2%, 26.8%). In younger patients (<50 years) with colon and rectal cancer anaemia (9.1%) and diabetes (7.4%) were the most prevalent comorbidities and gastroesophageal reflux medications (17.1%) and opioids (14.5%) were used most frequently whereas, in older patients (>79 years) hypertension (36.7%, 32.7%) was the most prevalent comorbid condition and hypertensive drugs (52.23%, 51,72%)were the most frequently used medication respectively.

ConclusionAlthough often regarded as a single disease (CRC), colon and rectal cancers have different predisposing factors and clinical features. As expected, older patients have a higher prevalence of comorbid chronic diseases. We observe, however, that colon and rectal cancer have different comorbidity patterns by age.
DPUK Cohort Explorer: An Interactive Visualisation Tool
Authors: North Laura
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe Dementias Platform UK (DPUK) Cohort Explorer is an interactive, online visualisation tool that allows users to explore data for a number of DPUK cohorts. Over 30 variables across cohorts have been harmonised, including information on demographics, lifestyle, cognition, health, and genetic biomarkers.

Objectives and ApproachThe tool has been developed to complement existing DPUK cohort metadata to provide a visual representation of participant numbers and field-level information for a selection of cohorts. This enables users to determine a cohort’s eligibility before applying for access to a cohort’s data, and aid in shaping potential hypotheses. Developed using Microsoft PowerBI, the Explorer hosts a subset of the cohort’s baseline, harmonised data, allowing a user to interrogate the visualisations of the uploaded data in a secure manner on the DPUK Data Portal website. Visualisations are linked so that participant numbers and distributions can be explored interactively.

ResultsThis approach allows the user to explore the harmonised data across a number of cohorts simultaneously whilst setting and adjusting filters that are of interest to the user’s search criteria. This provides a better understanding of the real-world data and enables the user to determine the feasibility of each cohort for potential studies, whilst facilitating meaningful comparisons across cohorts. The tool currently visualises five DPUK cohorts with a total of 82,391 participants, however it is being incrementally developed with more cohorts being added continually.

Conclusion / ImplicationsBy combing an easy-to-use, interactive dashboard with harmonised sets of real-world data, the tool allows the user to explore, interrogate and better understand field-level information in a secure manner with zero data transfer. This provides more insight for the user when applying for access to a cohort dataset using the DPUK Data Portal and may help the user to make more informed decisions and/or hypotheses.
Benzodiazepine Use Before Conception and Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Wall-Wieler Elizabeth , Robakis Thalia K , Lyell Deirdre J , Masarwa Reem , Platt Robert W , Carmichael Suzan L
Published: December 2020

IntroductionEctopic pregnancy occurs in 1% to 2% of the all recognized pregnancies, yet half of women who have an ectopic pregnancy do not have any known risk factors. A potential but unstudied risk factor for ectopic pregnancy is benzodiazepine use, which could affect muscle contraction in the fallopian tube.

Objectives and ApproachWe compared the risk of ectopic pregnancy among women with and women without benzodiazepine prescriptions before conception. using data from United States commercial insurance claims (IBM® MarketScan® Databases). We performed a cohort study of 1,691,366 pregnancies between November 1, 2008 and September 30, 2015, and used unadjusted and inverse probability of treatment (IPT) weighted log-binomial models to calculate relative risks (RR) of ectopic pregnancy for pregnant women who did and did not fill any prescriptions for benzodiazepines in the 90 days before conception. Sub-group analysis was conducted on women who had anxiety and women who had insomnia diagnoses in the year before conception.

ResultsOf the 1,691,366 pregnant women, 1.06% filled at least two benzodiazepine prescriptions in the 90 days before conception. Among women with a benzodiazepine prescription, there was an excess of 80 ectopic pregnancies per 10,000 pregnancies, and their IPT-weighted risk of ectopic pregnancies was 1.47 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.63) times greater relative to women without benzodiazepine prescriptions before conception. The IPT-weighted RR between ectopic pregnancy and benzodiazepine use was 1.34 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.53) among women with anxiety disorder diagnoses and 1.28 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.68) among women with an insomnia diagnosis.

Conclusion / ImplicationsThis study found that women who have a benzodiazepine prescription before conception are at an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. This information can help women and their health care providers make more fully informed decisions about benzodiazepine use in their reproductive years.
Using Machine Learning to Measure Specialist Wait Times from Family Physicians’ Electronic Medical Records Linked to Ontario Health Administrative Data
Authors: Abdalla Mohamed , Lu Hong , Pinzaru Bogdan , Jaakkimainen Liisa
Published: December 2020

IntroductionReliable information about the time spent waiting for health care services is a critical metric for measuring health system performance. Wait times are a useful measure of access to various health care sectors. Alongside the increased adoption of electronic medical records (EMR) by Canadian family physicians (FP), is the secondary use of FP EMR data for research. However, using FP EMR data can be challenging in its unstructured, free-text format.

Objectives and ApproachOur objective was to identify the target specialist physician type from the EMR FP referral note and then calculate wait times from a FP referral to a specialist physician visit. We used FP EMR data and linked to Ontario, Canada health administrative data (called EMRPC). EMRPC collects the entire clinical record from patients including the content of FP referral notes. We used machine learning (ML) methods to identify the type of specialist physician in which the referral was intended. Labels to test the ML methods were created from physicians’ claims data. Wait times were calculated from the FP EMR referral note date to the specialist physician claim date in administrative data.

ResultsOur ML models’ ability to classify 2016 FP EMR referral notes to selected medical and surgical specialists achieved sensitivity and positive predictive values ranging from the high 70s to low 80s.Compared to earlier analyses from 2008, we observed a similar relative ordering to see specific specialist physicians. Overall, the median wait times have increased by 14 days on average, with a maximum increase of 28 days to see a gastroenterologist.

Conclusion / ImplicationsThe accuracy of ML on unstructured FP EMR data is high, thereby providing a mechanism to “codifying” information in a timely manner. This information can help inform decision makers and providers about which patients or FP practices are experiencing long wait times in seeing specialist physicians.