bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Young Onset Dementia Informal Caregiver Experience in Caregiving: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lew Zong Han , Ng Adeline Su Lyn , Zhou Wentao
Published: February 2025

Aim

To collate the common caregiving experience of Young Onset Dementia informal caregivers.

Design

Qualitative systematic review.

Methods

Qualitative grey literature and peer‐reviewed journals published between 2013 and 2023 that addressed Young Onset Dementia informal caregivers' experiences were included without context limitation. Only English language publications were included because of limitations in translation. Study selection was conducted with two independent reviewers. Critical appraisal using Joanna Brigg Institutes Qualitative Appraisal Instrument, data extraction of participant's quote verbatim and data synthesis through categorisation of extracted verbatim were conducted without an independent reviewer.

Data Source

PubMed on 16 October 2023, Cochrane and MEDLINE on 17 October 2023, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar on 18 October 2023.

Results

A total of 37 studies included in this review represented the experiences of 566 informal caregivers. A total of 354 extracted findings were synthesised into 25 categories and four themes through meta‐aggregation which addressed informal caregivers' diagnosis challenges, challenges with complex care, experience with various support services and coping strategies.

Conclusion

Young Onset Dementia informal caregivers experience unique caregiving challenges. These informal caregivers required age‐appropriate support services to meet their unique needs.

Implications

Gaps in available appropriate support services for Young Onset Dementia informal caregivers existed. Therefore, these informal caregivers experienced unique challenges such as loss of employment that informal caregivers of other diseases do not experience.

Impact

Policymakers and healthcare professionals need to understand the unique experience of these informal caregivers to provide appropriate support services that could improve their caregiving experience.

Reporting Method

PRISMA 2020 Statement.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.

What Does This Paper Contribute to the Wider Global Clinical Community

This review highlighted the various unique challenges encountered by informal caregivers.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO Database (CRD42023467541). https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023467541
Curcumin Analog GO‐Y030 Triggers JNK and p38 Signalling to Activate Apoptotic Cascades in Human Osteosarcoma Cells
Authors: Lin Yu‐Hsien , Yang Jia‐Sin , Chou Chia‐Hsuan , Huang Tzu‐Yu , Yang Shun‐Fa , Lu Ko‐Hsiu
Published: February 2025

Osteosarcoma, the most common primary bone cancer in adolescents, often carries a grim prognosis due to its high metastatic potential. Due to its low bioavailability, curcumin limits its adjuvant efficacy in improving prognosis and long‐term survival in osteosarcoma patients. To investigate apoptosis induced by the synthesised curcumin analog GO‐Y030 in human osteosarcoma cells, flow cytometry, annexin V‐fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labelled/propidium iodide staining, human apoptosis array, and Western blotting were used. GO‐Y030 dose‐dependently reduced viability and induced sub‐G1 arrest and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma U2OS and 143B cells. GO‐Y030 significantly activated caspases 8, 9, and 3, while suppressing cellular inhibitors of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP‐1) and X‐chromosome‐linked IAP. GO‐Y030 increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases (ERK)1/2, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNK)1/2, and p38. Inhibitors of JNK (JNK‐IN‐8) and p38 (SB203580) suppressed GO‐Y030‐induced cleavage of caspases 8, 9, and 3, whereas co‐treatment with the ERK inhibitor (U0126) did not lessen their activation. Overall, GO‐Y030 triggers both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic cascades in U2OS and 143B cells by activating the JNK1/2 and p38 pathways, shedding light on its mechanism of action against human osteosarcoma cells.
Alternative lengthening of telomeres and Ki‐67 proliferation index provide complementary information on recurrence risk after resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Gudmundsdottir Hallbera , Graham Rondell P. , Greipp Patricia T. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Knudson Ryan A. , Brandt Carrie A. , Starlinger Patrick , Thiels Cornelius A. , Warner Susanne G. , Smoot Rory L. , Truty Mark J. , Kendrick Michael L. , Nagorney David M. , Cleary Sean P. , Halfdanarson Thorvardur R.
Published: February 2025

Given the heterogeneous clinical behavior of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs), improved prognostic markers are needed to guide management and post‐resection surveillance. Patients who underwent resection of large (≥3 cm) sporadic well‐differentiated pNETs from 2000 to 2019 were identified. The Ki‐67 proliferation index was determined using immunohistochemistry, and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) status was assessed using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Recurrence‐free and overall survival were estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Multivariable Cox regression analysis evaluated factors associated with recurrence‐free survival. A total of 106 patients were identified. ALT was positive in 57 (54%) and negative in 49 (46%). Ki‐67 was ≥3% in 74 (70%) and <3% in 32 (30%). Tumors with Ki‐67 ≥3% were more likely to be ALT positive (61% vs. 38%, p = .046). Stratifying by ALT status and Ki‐67 proliferation index, median recurrence‐free survival was 4.6 years for patients with ALT‐positive/Ki‐67 ≥3% tumors, 3.1 years for patients with ALT‐positive/Ki‐67 <3% tumors, 12.4 years for patients with ALT‐negative/Ki‐67 ≥3% tumors, and 20.2 years for patients with ALT‐negative/Ki‐67 <3% tumors (p < .001). Initial recurrence was distant in 82% and locoregional in 18%. Across all groups, overall survival was similar (p = .19). In multivariable analysis, advanced age, ALT positivity, perineural invasion, and lymph node metastases were associated with increased recurrence risk (all p < .05). ALT and Ki‐67 provide complementary information on post‐resection recurrence risk, which can guide subsequent surveillance and management strategies. These data support the incorporation of ALT testing into routine clinical practice.
Income Inequality and National Strategy for Inner Areas: Does Location Matter?
Authors: Bonanno Graziella , Domma Filippo , Errico Lucia
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the relationship between income inequality and municipalities classified as “inner areas” according to the classification proposed by the National Strategy for Inner Areas (NSIA) from 2012 to 2018. This classification categorizes municipalities into different groups based on their distance from essential service provision centers. By adopting a multilevel approach along with Beta Generalized Linear Mixed Models, we obtain two major results. First, inner areas show a lower income concentration index than non‐inner municipalities. Ultra‐peripheral municipalities manifest the greatest difference. Second, our findings show that location matters. While the sign is negative in southern and northern Italy, we find the opposite result in the central regions, where the ultra‐peripheral municipalities show higher income inequality compared to non‐inner areas.
Effect of Different Metabolizable Energy Diets on Broilers' Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Organ Weight, Fecal Score and Lesion Score
Authors: Kolawole Usman Kayode , Kim In Ho
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of diets with different metabolizable energy (ME) levels on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, organ weight and lesion score. A total of 1134 1‐day‐old Ross broiler chicks with an initial body weight (BW) of 44.33 ± 1.70 g were randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups. There were 21 replicate pens per treatment, including 18 male birds per pen. The experimental period was divided into 3 phases and the diets were provided to broilers from days 1 to 34 of age: the starter (days 1–7), growing (days 8–20), and finishing (days 21–34). The dietary treatments included CON, basal diet (3200 Kcal/kg), TRT1, basal diet − 50 kcal/kg ME (3150 Kcal/kg), and TRT2, basal diet + 50 kcal/kg ME (3250 kcal/kg). The TRT2 group showed a reduced (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the TRT1 group during the growing phase. During the overall experimental period, TRT2 group broilers showed an increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and a reduced (p < 0.05) FCR than in the TRT1 group. However, there were no differences observed in feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG), nutrient digestibility, fecal score, organ weight and lesion score. In conclusion, feeding a diet at 3250 kcal/kg ME from days 1–34 could be suitable for improving both average daily gain and feed conversion ratio in broiler chickens.
The Elastic Moduli of the Random Ellipse Inclusion Model With Spring-Layer Imperfect Interfaces
Authors: Nguyen Van-Luat
Published: February 2025

This work presents new formulas for determining the elastic moduli of a random ellipse-inclusion model with spring-layer imperfect interfaces in a two-dimensional space. The surface of the ellipse inclusion, with an infinitely thin coating, has a significant influence on the macroscopic elastic moduli of the composite materials, one of those cases is called spring-layer imperfect interfaces. Using the polarization approximation for the coated-ellipse inclusion model, we have constructed new solutions to determine the elastic moduli of the ellipse inclusion with spring-layer imperfect interfaces. From this, solutions can be obtained to determine the macroscopic elastic moduli of the random ellipse-inclusion model with spring-layer imperfect interfaces in the matrix, using polarization approximation (PA), differential approximation (DA), and fast Fourier transform (FFT). Comparative results demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods.
Performance Analysis and Optimization of an Air–Water Heat Pump System for Residential Applications in a Subtropical Monsoon Climate
Authors: Ni Chenxi , Ke Qingdi , Tan Shiyao , Ooi Kim Tiow
Published: February 2025

An air–water heat pump was developed and tested for a centralized floor heating system, which provides hot water for four villas in a community located in a mid-latitude region of the Northern Hemisphere with a subtropical monsoon climate. The system's modular chiller unit consists of four compressor units, regulating the water temperature in the chiller's water tank, and it operates as part of an efficient centralized heating system. The heating control and defrosting strategies were determined by real-time and comprehensive energy efficiency ratios, along with the temperature difference between the outdoor heat exchanger and the ambient environment. Based on the test results of the outdoor unit, a suitable thermal system was selected, and a 93-day field test was conducted on the air–water heat pump during winter. Throughout the field test, the compression ratio (π) was maintained within a safe range of 2.67–5.79. Additionally, the daily average energy efficiency ratio ranged from 2.32 to 4.71, while the daily average heat capacity varied between 45.43 kW and 127.52 kW. The indoor temperature remained stable at approximately 19 °C, demonstrating the heat pump system's strong environmental adaptability and high energy efficiency under the given control principles.
Variability of flowing stream network length across the US
Authors: Prancevic Jeff P. , Seybold Hansjörg , Kirchner James W.
Published: February 2025

The aggregate length of flowing streams in a drainage network lengthens and shortens as landscapes become wetter and drier. However, direct measurements of stream network variability have been limited to a handful of small drainage basins. We estimated the variability of stream network length for 14,765 gauged basins across the contiguous United States using measured streamflow distributions and topography-based estimates of how sensitive each stream network is to changing landscape wetness (the network’s elasticity). We find that the median US stream network is five times longer during annual high-flow conditions than during annual low-flow conditions. Stream networks are more dynamic in some regions than in others, driven by regional differences in both hydroclimatology and the networks’ elasticity in response to hydroclimatic forcing.
Elephant seals as ecosystem sentinels for the northeast Pacific Ocean twilight zone
Authors: Beltran Roxanne S. , Payne Allison R. , Kilpatrick A. Marm , Hale Conner M. , Reed Madison , Hazen Elliott L. , Bograd Steven J. , Jouma’a Joffrey , Robinson Patrick W. , Houle Emma , Matern Wade , Sabah Alea , Lewis Kathryn , Sebandal Samantha , Coughlin Allison , Heredia Natalia Valdes , Penny Francesca , Dalrymple Sophie Rose , Penny Heather , Sherrier Meghan , Peterson Ben , Reiter Joanne , Le Boeuf Burney J. , Costa Daniel P.
Published: February 2025

The open ocean twilight zone holds most of the global fish biomass but is poorly understood owing to difficulties of measuring subsurface ecosystem processes at scale. We demonstrate that a wide-ranging carnivore—the northern elephant seal—can serve as an ecosystem sentinel for the twilight zone. We link ocean basin–scale foraging success with oceanographic indices to estimate twilight zone fish abundance five decades into the past, and into the future. We discovered that a small variation in maternal foraging success amplified into larger changes in offspring body mass and enormous variation in first-year survival and recruitment. Worsening oceanographic conditions could shift predator population trajectories from current growth to sharp declines. As ocean integrators, wide-ranging predators could reveal impacts of future anthropogenic change on open ocean ecosystems.
Evolutionary convergence of sensory circuits in the pallium of amniotes
Authors: Rueda-Alaña Eneritz , Senovilla-Ganzo Rodrigo , Grillo Marco , Vázquez Enrique , Marco-Salas Sergio , Gallego-Flores Tatiana , Ordeñana-Manso Aitor , Ftara Artemis , Escobar Laura , Benguría Alberto , Quintas Ana , Dopazo Ana , Rábano Miriam , Vivanco María dM , Aransay Ana María , Garrigos Daniel , Toval Ángel , Ferrán José Luis , Nilsson Mats , Encinas-Pérez Juan Manuel , De Pittà Maurizio , García-Moreno Fernando
Published: February 2025

The amniote pallium contains sensory circuits that are structurally and functionally equivalent, yet their evolutionary relationship remains unresolved. We used birthdating analysis, single-cell RNA and spatial transcriptomics, and mathematical modeling to compare the development and evolution of known pallial circuits across birds (chick), lizards (gecko), and mammals (mouse). We reveal that neurons within these circuits’ stations are generated at varying developmental times and brain regions across species and found an early developmental divergence in the transcriptomic progression of glutamatergic neurons. Our research highlights developmental distinctions and functional similarities in the sensory circuit between birds and mammals, suggesting the convergence of high-order sensory processing across amniote lineages.
Neuroevolution insights into biological neural computation
Authors: Miikkulainen Risto
Published: February 2025

This article reviews existing work and future opportunities in neuroevolution, an area of machine learning in which evolutionary optimization methods such as genetic algorithms are used to construct neural networks to achieve desired behavior. The article takes a neuroscience perspective, identifying where neuroevolution can lead to insights about the structure, function, and developmental and evolutionary origins of biological neural circuitry that can be studied in further neuroscience experiments. It proposes optimization under environmental constraints as a unifying theme and suggests the evolution of language as a grand challenge whose time may have come.
Depth-dependent seismic sensing of groundwater recovery from the atmospheric-river storms of 2023
Authors: Mao Shujuan , Ellsworth William L. , Zheng Yujie , Beroza Gregory C.
Published: February 2025

In early 2023, a series of intense atmospheric-river storms eased California’s historic drought, yet the spatiotemporal extent of groundwater recovery remains poorly understood. We tracked two-decadal changes in groundwater in Greater Los Angeles using seismic ambient-field interferometry. The derived seismic hydrographs reveal distinct expressions of groundwater and surficial water droughts: Whereas surface and near-surface water storage nearly fully recovered in the epic wet season of 2023, only about 25% of the groundwater lost since 2006 was restored. On a decadal scale, we find substantial depletion in aquifers below 50-meter depth, with only limited storm-related recovery. Our analysis underscores the need to monitor deep aquifers for a more complete assessment of total water deficits, using high-resolution tools such as seismic sensing.
Time to fix the biodiversity leak
Authors: Balmford Andrew , Ball Thomas S. , Balmford Ben , Bateman Ian J. , Buchanan Graeme , Cerullo Gianluca , d’Albertas Francisco , Eyres Alison , Filewod Ben , Fisher Brendan , Green Jonathan M. H. , Hemes Kyle S. , Holland Jody , Lam Miranda S. , Naidoo Robin , Pfaff Alexander , Ricketts Taylor H. , Sanderson Fiona , Searchinger Timothy D. , Strassburg Bernardo B. N. , Swinfield Thomas , Williams David R.
Published: February 2025

The risk that locally successful nature conservation may be shifting problems elsewhere can no longer be ignored
Breaking the silence
Authors: Thorp H. Holden , Phelan Meagan
Published: February 2025

Research on science communication has largely focused on teaching scientists how to describe their studies in ways that interest the public while deepening their understanding of scientific exploration. However, there is another, often overlooked side to science communication—how scientists respond when questions arise about the integrity of their research. Often, the tendency has been to stay silent and wait for any controversy to pass or be resolved in professional forums. But in an age of growing, intense attacks on science, silence can be detrimental to both public trust and the careers of scientists who are under scrutiny. For better or worse, journalists, social media professionals, and the public may take a response of “no comment” as a concession that the critics are correct, so forthright communication about research questions is more urgent than ever.
Highly conductive diatreme aquifer beneath the Cerro Overo maar, Central Andean volcanic zone, Chile
Authors: Alarcón Noemi , Díaz Daniel , Oliveros Verónica , Tapia Joseline , Ureta Gabriel , Salas Pablo
Published: February 2025

Cerro Overo maar (COM), located in the Central volcanic zone (CVZ) of the Andes, has an andesitic basaltic composition (∼55 wt% SiO2), which is uncommon in the magmas of the CVZ. Its morphology results from a phreatomagmatic eruption in one of the driest deserts in the world. A magnetotelluric study generated a three-dimensional resistivity model that indicates a diatreme-like structure beneath COM. Unlike other diatremes in the world, this structure is highly conductive between 200 and 700 m depth and probably formed by deep explosions that did not expel material. The diatreme would have evolved into a dynamic aquifer, capable of storing and recycling water during and after eruptive events. Leaching studies suggest that water-rock interactions with CVZ ignimbrites release Li and As, contributing to the salinity of the reservoir. Our results highlight COM as a unique case of a deep saline aquifer in a diatreme, offering new insights into these structures and groundwater flow in arid volcanic terrains. This study provides a framework for understanding diatremes as self-contained, mineral-rich hydrogeological systems, particularly in the Altiplano-Puna region, which hosts 40% of the world’s lithium reserves.
Histamine H3 receptor activation increases the firing of striatal medium spiny neurons in slices from infantile rats
Authors: González-Sandoval Carolina , Godínez-Ramos Isabel , Arias-Montaño José-Antonio , Barral Jaime
Published: February 2025

Striatal medium spiny neurons (MSN) form two subpopulations (MSN-D1 and MSN-D2) according to the expression of dopamine D1 or D2 receptors and their target regions. The activation of postsynaptic histamine H1 and H2 receptors increases MSN-D1 and MSN-D2 excitability. Since MSN also express H3 receptors (H3Rs), in this work we explored the effect of their activation on MSN firing. Electrophysiological recordings (whole-cell patch-clamp, current-clamp mode) were conducted on forebrain slices from infantile rats (12-16 postnatal days). In both MSN-D1 and MSN-D2 perfusion with the H3R agonist immepip (1 μM) increased neuronal firing evoked by current injection, an effect reproduced by R-α-methylhistamine (1 μM) and prevented by the antagonist clobenpropit (10 μM). Blockade of N- or P/Q-type voltage-activated calcium channels by ω-conotoxin-GVIA (1 μM) or ω-agatoxin-TK (400 nM) increased MSN firing but did not preclude the immepip effect. The potassium channel blockers 4-aminopyridine (1 mM) and tetraethylammonium (300 μM) increased neuronal firing and prevented the immepip action. Likewise, the KV7 channel blocker XE-991 (10 μM) and the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol (10 μM) increased MSN firing frequency and occluded the immepip effect. These data indicate that the activation of postsynaptic H3Rs facilitates MSN-D1 and MSN-D2 firing by inhibiting KV7 potassium channels.
Post-orogenic magmatism from within the Al Mukalla terrane, Yemen: a record of Cambrian extension within a Neoproterozoic arc terrane
Authors: Flowerdew Michael J. , Whitehouse Martin J. , Stoeser Douglas B. , Badenszki Eszter
Published: February 2025

Late tectonic granitoids that cut a deformed sequence of volcanic and sedimentary rocks (Tha'lab Group) comprising the Al Mukalla terrane have been investigated by whole rock major and trace element geochemistry, Sm-Nd and feldspar Pb isotope compositions, and U-Pb zircon geochronology. The 696 ± 12 Ma age determined for one such intrusion, the Mukalla granite, demonstrates that the Mukalla arc had formed and been juxtaposed with Azania and the Al Mahfid terrane before ca. 700 Ma. Its eNdt value of −0.2 and elevated feldspar Pb isotope values collectively indicate the involvement of some ancient continental material during its petrogenesis. Two other bodies were intruded ca. 550 Ma, and another, the Burum granite ca. 520 Ma. These 550-520 Ma bodies are calc-alkalic or alkaline and share a similarly slightly evolved isotopic signature to the Mukalla granite. The isotopic signature obtained for the Mukalla granite is consistent with development of an intra-oceanic Mukalla arc, which was influenced by sediment derived from Azania, rather than an Andean-style arc that developed on it. The final closure of the Mozambique Ocean is located farther east. Intrusion of the younger granitoids was likely facilitated by transcurrent faulting, akin to the Najd fault system of Saudi Arabia.
Weather Radar Detection and Analysis of Bolides in the Day or Night
Authors: Fries Marc , Fries Jeffrey
Published: February 2025

Weather radars have proven to be valuable tools for detection and analysis of meteorite falls, specifically identifying and analyzing falling meteorites which have survived the initial fireball. The NEXRAD system has been in operation since the late 1990s by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). During that time, it has detected 32 recovered meteorite falls and 20 additional unrecovered but probable falls within and around the U.S. Detections have occurred at all hours of the day and night as the system operates constantly, delivering data to a public internet portal in near real time. It is possible to estimate the mass of meteorites detected based on standard equations of motion, and the total reflected energy can in theory produce a measure of the number of meteorites present. Currently, weather radar data are used to analyze falls at times and places identified by other means such as eyewitness reports, infrasound, and satellite lightning sensors, but recent work suggests that the direct detection of meteorite falls in radar data alone is possible. There is considerable growth possible in the use of this technique, both in development of advanced detection and analysis methods and in expansion to weather radar networks worldwide.
Table 2 from Variant of Uncertain Significance Patterns among Patients with Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Francis Rachel A. , Tavtigian Sean , Horton Carolyn , Holowatyj Andreana N.
Published: February 2025

Prevalence of VUSs in 14 colorectal cancer susceptibility genes identified among patients with early-onset colorectal cancer by race and ethnicity
Occurrence of wildfire in peat/coal forming periods and its influence on paleoclimate in the Permo-Carboniferous
Authors: Chu Jiabao , Mishra Vivek , Li Yanheng
Published: February 2025

Wildfire episodes have implications on reshaping life on earth. This article emphasises on the fate and facts of wildfire during Permo-Carboniferous coal-forming period. Charcoal refers to an incomplete combustion or carbonised solid residue of plant material. Inertinite (group of coal macerals) is synonym of charcoal at microscopic scale but its origin is debatable. Moreover, inertinite has been used to predict levels of atmospheric oxygen, as it forms when plant material is subjected to intense heat and oxygen-rich conditions. In addition, soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recognized as additional evidence of palaeo-wildfires. A total number of fourteen (14) countries reported data are summarised here and the research gap has been focused particularly on the occurrences of palaeo-wildfire. These areas are also obstructed by different geological processes which are also described in detail. The several studies point out towards the global wildfire events during the Permo-Carboniferous period. These wildfires were proved by charcoals (remnants of burned plant material), inertinite macerals (microscopic components of coal) and PAHs (complex organic molecules) in the coal measures. In the same time, the large amounts of greenhouse gases have released by wildfires, and must have led to long-term changes in the atmospheric composition, which could have affected the palaeoclimate.
Exploring research themes in the Journal of Librarianship and Information Science: Insights from topic modelings
Authors: Aslan Alper , Özyurt Özcan
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore research interests and trends in the journal by analyzing the entire publication history of the Journal of Library and Information Science (JoLIS) between 1969 and 2023 using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). A comprehensive topic modeling analysis was conducted on 1437 articles for which titles, abstracts and keywords were available. The research focuses on identifying key thematic shifts in the journal’s publications. The findings highlight that topics such as Information Literacy & Research and Librarian Roles & Skills are growing in importance, while traditional topics such as Cataloging & Classification are declining. The results reveal shifts in the focus of the LIS field, providing critical insights to guide future research. In particular, Information Literacy & Research emerges as a highly accelerating topic, reflecting the need for digital competencies in response to evolving information environments. Meanwhile, declining interest in Cataloging & Classification is in line with the automation of traditional library functions, shifting training priorities toward digital literacy and data management skills. By mapping the evolution of research priorities, this study serves as a valuable resource for LIS researchers and practitioners, helping them to align their work with future developments in the field.
Special users with special needs in autonomous vehicles: A systematic review
Authors: Mosaferchi Saeedeh , Naddeo Alessandro
Published: February 2025

Background

Automated driving offers enjoyable and comfortable trips, though not everyone will find the experience pleasant. Some special populations such as elderly people, individuals with physical or cognitive impairments, and pregnant women face different difficulties in mobility services to conduct their daily activities and, consequently, also in using new technologies like autonomous vehicles.

Objective

This study aims to review the specific needs, concerns, and difficulties of special populations when using autonomous vehicles and to highlight the primary issues affecting their acceptance of these technologies.

Methods

A review of 48 papers was conducted to identify the special needs, concerns, and difficulties faced by various demographic groups, including elderly individuals, people with physical disabilities, and pregnant women, in using or approaching the use of autonomous vehicles.

Results

The review revealed that aging individuals have received more attention by scientific community compared to other disabled populations. Acceptance of autonomous vehicles was identified as the primary issue across all surveyed groups. Safety, comfort, and dependability were also significant concerns, particularly among individuals with special needs.

Conclusions

This study outlines the unique concerns of various demographic groups using autonomous vehicles, with acceptance highlighted as a common issue. Designing user-friendly interfaces tailored to diverse demographics could enhance acceptance and improve the overall travel experience for those needing constant support.
Shooting for the Moon: Can We Cut Cancer Mortality in Canada By 50% By 2050?
Authors: Banik Keaton , Ruan Yibing , Stephen Mariet M. , Hutchinson John M. , Carbonell Chantelle , Warkentin Matthew T. , Coldman Andrew , Garner Rochelle , Jalal Hawre , Brenner Darren R.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The United States of America reignited their Cancer Moonshot Initiative in 2022 with an ambitious goal to reduce cancer mortality by 50% over the next 25 years. In this study, we estimated how and whether a similar cancer control initiative could be achieved in Canada.

Methods

We used the OncoSim microsimulation suite to address three questions: (1) what is the expected mortality from cancer in Canada by 2050 given the current trends?; (2) what would be the maximal impact on reducing cancer mortality with prevention and increased screening activities? and, (3) if a 50% reduction in projected cancer mortality could not be achieved through the primary and secondary intervention efforts, what additional advancements and discoveries would be needed to fill the “lunar gap”? We modeled the joint impact of risk-factor reduction and screening, as well as the independent effects of prevention and screening alone, on projected cancer mortality.

Results

Our models suggest that there will be an expected 133,395 cancer deaths in 2050 in Canada. Approximately 33% of these cancer deaths could be prevented by risk-factor reduction and increased screening programs by the year 2050. This would leave a “lunar gap” of about 16%–17% that would need to be bridged with novel discoveries in cancer risk prevention, early detection, and treatment.

Conclusion

While current knowledge and implementation of prevention and screening would have a considerable impact on a Canadian cancer moonshot, additional efforts are needed to implement cancer control initiatives and fuel additional discoveries to fill the gap.
The Ideological Motivation for Writing Romanized Taiwanese
Authors: Su Huang-Lan
Published: February 2025

This study examines the intricate relationship between language ideology, Taiwanese identity, and the adoption of the romanized Taiwanese system (Pe̍h-ōe-jī) within the Taiwanese language (Tâigí) speaking community, against the predominance of Mandarin. It explores the multifaceted motivations of Tâigí users for preferring Pe̍h-ōe-jī, including affirming ethnic and national identities, enhancing linguistic proficiency, and revitalizing Tâigí. Through interviews with 27 Pe̍h-ōe-jī Tâigí writers, this research elucidates their literacy practices that aim to challenge Mandarin-centric discourses and the enduring impacts of Chinese colonization. These efforts demonstrate a commitment to decolonization and the revitalization of Tâigí to bolster Taiwanese ethnocultural and national identities. The findings illuminate the sociolinguistic implications of literacy and orthographic choices, demonstrating Pe̍h-ōe-jī's role as a linguistic counter to Sinocentric narratives and its embodiment of the complex relationships between literacy, identity, and resistance. This study provides valuable insights into literacy studies, particularly on the relationship between literacy and identity.
Digital diving: practical lessons from virtual reality dives in the deep-sea
Authors: Wanneau Krystel
Published: February 2025

Virtual Reality (VR) offers unprecedented access, mobility, and engagement with deep-sea environments, but it also introduces methodological challenges due to its immersive mode of visualizing space as a volume. This article examines VR dives through the lenses of ‘big science’, ‘gaming’, and ‘spectator’ practices, exploring their role in more-than-human digital encounters. The study discussed here introduces ‘digital diving’ and critically reflects on VR as a research tool, questioning its geopolitical, ethical, and technological implications. Through an ethnographic investigation of marine biodiversity monitoring, this work provides practical insights into how VR redefines human-nonhuman interactions and proposes key conditions – truth, mobility, and interaction – for effectively engaging with oceanic imaginaries in virtual environments.
Do Bowel Disorders Affect Holmium Laser Enucleation of Prostate Outcomes? A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tsai Kyle , Xu Perry , Guo Jenny , Dean Nicholas , Khondakar Nabila , Neill Clayton , Krambeck Amy
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

To review outcomes for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who undergo holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP) for bothersome urinary symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods:

We performed a retrospective review of patients who had undergone HoLEP by a single surgeon between January 2021 and August 2023. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative characteristics were compared between patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis of IBS or IBD and those without, using Chi-square and paired T-tests as appropriate.

Results:

Out of 918 men, 24 (2.6%) had a diagnosis of IBS, and 36 (3.9%) had a diagnosis of IBD. There were no differences in age, BMI, preoperative American Urological Association symptoms score (AUASS), preoperative Michigan Incontinence Symptom Index (MISI) score, and history of urinary retention or incontinence. The IBS + IBD cohort had smaller prostates (100.9 vs 124.2 mL, p = 0.01) and shorter procedure times (57.0 vs 66.5 min, p = 0.02) than controls. IBS patients were more likely to require anticholinergic therapy at a 3-month follow-up (31% vs 13%, p = 0.03) and had more postoperative encounters within 90 days of HoLEP (3.7 vs 2.6, p = 0.01). There were no differences regarding changes in AUASS and MISI scores, same-day trial of void and same-day discharge rates, or complication rates.

Conclusion:

IBS patients who underwent HoLEP had more symptomatic postoperative courses requiring higher rates of anticholinergic medication use and more provider interactions compared to men without IBS, despite similar AUASS and MISI scores. These trends were not observed in patients with IBD.
Adoption of GSBPM to manage geospatial information production processes
Authors: Cuéllar-Río Manuel , Gutiérrez-Romero Marco , Juárez-Carrillo Olivia-Jimena , Luján-Salazar José-de-Jesús , Mejía-González Raúl
Published: February 2025

To standardize production processes, INEGI uses the Statistical and Geographical Process Model (MPEG, by its Spanish acronym), a version of the GSBPM that also incorporates the production of geographical information. The implementation of the MPEG helps to mitigate risks, clearly assign responsibilities, and achieve an explicit division of labor. Likewise, the MPEG provides a common language that facilitates communication between the various actors involved in the information production process. This paper discusses the management of the Mexican Geospatial Data Cube, through the MPEG framework, as an illustrative example of the standardized description and documentation of activities carried out by this geospatial information production process.
Test–retest reliability of the computer-based cognitive assessment tool for community-dwelling older adults in Japan: The Otassha study
Authors: Chen Jou-Yin , Kawai Hisashi , Takahashi Junta , Ejiri Manami , Imamura Keigo , Obuchi Shuichi P
Published: February 2025

Aim

Early detection of dementia is crucial for effective intervention. The computer-based cognitive assessment tool (CompBased-CAT) was designed to assess cognitive function using a tablet computer. While its predictive validity for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is established, its test–retest reliability remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the test–retest reliability of CompBased-CAT among older Japanese adults in a community setting.

Methods

This is a methodological study that examined the test–retest reliability of CompBased-CAT. Community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older who participated in both the pre-test and post-test were included. Pre-test assessments were conducted during the 2023 Otassha study from 28 September to 8 October 2023, with the post-test administered 62 days (±14 days) later. Subtest scores were normalized to z-scores, and the total CompBased-CAT score was computed by summing these z-scores. Test–retest reliability was assessed using paired t-tests and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) two-way random-effects models, with analyses stratified by age, sex, and MCI status.

Results

A total of 80 participants (mean age: 76.8 years; 27.5% male) were analyzed. Paired t-tests showed no significant difference in total scores between the pre-test (mean = −0.75; standard deviation [SD] = 3.73) and the post-test (mean = −0.42; SD = 4.45). The total score exhibited an ICC of 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49–0.75) for all participants, increasing to 0.74 (95% CI = 0.48–0.88) among those with MCI.

Conclusion

CompBased-CAT demonstrated good test–retest reliability, with an ICC of 0.64 among all participants, which increased to 0.74 among participants with MCI over a 2-month period, indicating its potential for monitoring cognitive function through repeated assessments.
What does restorative justice promise?
Authors: Hollósvölgyi Máté
Published: February 2025

In Hungary, restorative justice involves a wide range of professionals: probation officers, police, lawyers, judges, prosecutors, social workers, and teachers—alongside potential offenders and their communities. This approach raises key questions: How can so many stakeholders work together across disciplines towards a common goal? How can conflict be used to strengthen community bonds? Can justice be achieved by addressing and repairing harm? These questions guide the exploration of restorative justice as a modern element in criminal justice. This paper examines Hungary’s mediation system within the Probation Service, focusing on how mediation functions and its role in justice. Since January 1, 2007, mediation has been available nationwide, adding new responsibilities to probation officers’ work. We review the tasks of these officers in mediation, assess their effectiveness, and analyze how mediation supports reintegration in the justice system, aiming to repair harm and foster accountability among offenders within their communities.
The Phenomenon of Ashrafization and De-Ashrafization Among Indian Muslim Society: A Study of Mallick Caste of Bihar
Authors: Ahmad Tausif
Published: February 2025

The caste structure among Muslim society has been an ignored topic of discussion. However, many sociological writings have continuously attempted to reveal various aspects of the caste system in Muslim society of India. According to these studies, Muslim society is divided into three sections: Ashraf, Ajlaf and Arzal. Ashraf is a foreign-origin caste group, while Ajlaf and Arzal are indigenous occupational caste groups. Ashraf is a dignified category, whereas Ajlaf and Arzal are not considered dignified identities. That is why Ajlaf and Arzal caste people always try to elevate their social status by misidentifying themselves as Syed or Sheikh. Similar to Hindu society, where a phenomenon like Sanskritization occurred, the Muslim lower castes also attempted such a process called Ashrafization. This article aims to understand the caste structure within Muslim society. In addition, it will attempt to explore the phenomenon of Ashrafization, as well as a reverse process called De- Ashrafization, undertaken by the Mallick caste of Bihar.
Synthesis of a Bio-Based Intumescent Flame Retardant Without Halogen and Its Application on Cotton Fabric
Authors: Ma Chao , Luo Yin , Zhang Yixia , Li Zhiguang , Zhou Change , Li Rong
Published: February 2025

A novel halogen-free, formaldehyde-free, intumescent flame retardant, ammonium salt of erythritol phosphoric ester acid (AEPEA), was synthesized and coated onto cotton fabrics to increase the flame retardancy of cotton fabrics. Fourier-transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze cotton samples. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of cotton treated with 300 g/L AEPEA reached 40.1% and the carbon length was 4.2 cm. After 50 laundering cycles, the LOI value could still reach 27.8%. Thermo-gravimetry and the cone calorimetry test were used to further investigate the flame retardancy and thermal stability of the treated cotton fabrics, and the results proved that the thermal stability of treated cotton was greatly improved. X-ray photoelectric spectrometry was used to analyze the carbon residue of flame-retardant cotton samples. In addition, the mechanical properties of the treated cotton only decreased slightly.
dockerHDDM: A User-Friendly Environment for Bayesian Hierarchical Drift-Diffusion Modeling
Authors: Pan Wanke , Geng Haiyang , Zhang Lei , Fengler Alexander , Frank Michael J. , Zhang Ru-Yuan , Chuan-Peng Hu
Published: February 2025

Drift-diffusion models (DDMs) are pivotal in understanding evidence-accumulation processes during decision-making across psychology, behavioral economics, neuroscience, and psychiatry. Hierarchical DDMs (HDDMs), a Python library for hierarchical Bayesian estimation of DDMs, has been widely used among researchers, including researchers with limited coding proficiency, in fitting DDMs and other sequential sampling models. However, issues of compatibility in installation and lack of support for more recent Bayesian-modeling functionalities pose serious challenges for new users, limiting broader adaptation and reproducibility of HDDMs. To address these issues, we created dockerHDDM, a user-friendly computational environment for HDDMs with new features. dockerHDDM brings three improvements: (a) easy to install once docker is installed, ensuring reproducibility and saving time for researchers; (b) compatible with machines with Apple chips; (c) seamless integration with ArviZ, a state-of-the-art Bayesian-modeling library. This tutorial serves as a practical, hands-on guide for researchers to leverage dockerHDDM’s capabilities in conducting efficient Bayesian hierarchical analysis of DDMs. The notebook presented here and in the docker image will enable researchers with various programming levels to model their data with HDDMs.
Characterizing dysfunctional breathing seen in post-acute sequelae of Sars-Cov-2 using approximate entropy
Authors: Eschbach Erin , Natelson Benjamin H. , Mancini Donna M. , Cook Dane B. , Rurak Kevin , Miranda Melissa , Oppenheimer Beno W. , Rapoport David M. , Parekh Ankit
Published: February 2025

Rationale

Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is a commonly identified abnormality in Post-acute Sequelae of Sars-Cov-2 (PASC) patients undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), and potentially a contributor to ongoing symptoms. Currently, this oscillating, irregular breathing pattern is identified by visual observation of CPET data by an experienced interpreter, which is subjective. We hypothesize that Approximate Entropy (ApEn), a regularity statistic that quantifies the unpredictability of time-series data can reliably distinguish DB from normal breathing states.

Methods

Breath-by-breath CPET data were obtained for 82 PASC subjects and 25 controls. CPET's were visually analyzed for DB prior to analysis. Minute ventilation (VE), Tidal Volume (VT), and breathing frequency (BF) over time data were normalized with 100% considered the ventilation at Anaerobic Threshold (AT) and detrended before ApEn was calculated. Analysis was initiated at 25 watts and ceased at AT.

Results

The ApEn-VE of PASC subjects with visualized DB was 0.286±0.128; (mean±std), which was significantly different from control subjects (0.143±0.081) and PASC subjects without visualized DB (0.183±0.104), p-value<0.05. ROC analysis produced an optimal cut-off value of 0.17 for distinguishing DB, which resulted in a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 67%. ApEn-VT and ApEn-BF were similar among all PASC patients despite visually recognized DB, but significantly greater than controls.

Conclusions

Identifying DB on CPET requires visual recognition, which has limitations. ApEn-VE is an objective metric that can reliably differentiate DB from normal breathing patterns on CPET. This can be a valuable addition to keen visual scrutiny of CPET data.
The interplay between gut bacteria and targeted therapies: implications for future cancer treatments
Authors: He Juan , Chen Yu , Zhao Huakan , Li Yongsheng
Published: February 2025

Targeted therapy represents a form of cancer treatment that specifically focuses on molecular markers regulating the growth, division, and dissemination of cancer cells. It serves as the cornerstone of precision medicine and is associated with fewer adverse effects compared to conventional chemotherapy, thus enhancing the quality of patient survival. These make targeted therapy as a vital component of contemporary anti-cancer strategies. Although targeted therapy has achieved excellent anti-cancer results, there are still many factors affecting its efficacy. Among the numerous factors affecting anti-cancer treatment, the role of intestinal bacteria and its metabolites are becoming increasingly prominent, particularly in immunotherapy. However, their effects on anticancer targeted therapy have not been systematically reviewed. Herein, we discuss the crosstalk between gut bacteria and anticancer targeted therapies, while also highlighting potential therapeutic strategies and future research directions.