bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONSUMO DE ÁLCOOL ENTRE ESTUDANTES DO CURSO DE NUTRIÇÃO E FATORES ASSOCIADOS
Authors: Damasceno Eurislene Moreira Antunes , Nascimento Eliete Bispo , Leite Iane Francielle Duarte , Barbosa Henrique Andrade , David Nathália Jamille Moreira Nascimento , Rocha Ricardo Lopes , Pinheiro Marcos Luciano Pimenta
Published: September 2017

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a prevalência do consumo de álcool entre os estudantes do Curso de Graduação em Nutrição de uma instituição privada da cidade de Montes Claros, MG. É um estudo descritivo realizado entre os meses de agosto e setembro de 2015. Participaram 152 estudantes do curso de Nutrição, maiores de 18 anos (94,7% mulheres e 5,3% homens). Foram utilizados dois questionários autoaplicáveis. A faixa etária predominante foi entre 18 a 24 anos (67%). A maioria dos entrevistados declarou ser abstinente ou fez uso de baixo risco (94,8%). Para uma minoria(5,2%), o uso foi considerado de risco nos últimos 12 meses. sendo que 104 acadêmicos (68,4%) desistiram de assistir as aulas, para ir a bares, festas ou outros eventos, e dois (1,3%) trancaram a matricula, demonstrando um consumo considerado prejudicial, com possíveis consequências negativas. Foi observado um consumo de álcool de baixo risco na grande maioria dos estudantes. Assim, é necessária a adoção de medidas de promoção da saúde no intuito de diminuir ou zerar os índices de uso abusivo do álcool, mesmo em uma pequena minoria, estendendo a pesquisa aos outros cursos da faculdade, a fim melhorar a qualidade de vida e o rendimento escolar dos egressos.
PRESCRIÇÕES DE ANTIBACTERIANOS EM UMA DROGARIA DO MUNICÍPIO DE TANABI, SÃO PAULO, BRASIL
Authors: Maschio de Lima Tiago Aparecido , Silva Tamiris Campos da , Pereira Luis Lênin Vicente , Godoy Moacir Fernandes de
Published: September 2017

Os antimicrobianos são substâncias que previnem a proliferação ou provocam a morte de fungos ou bactérias, combatendo e prevenindo o avanço de uma infecção. O uso abusivo ou inadequado desses fármacos acarreta o desenvolvimento de cepas de multirresistentes O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever o perfil de consumo de antibióticos em uma drogaria do município de Tanabi, São Paulo, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, exploratório com abordagem quantitativa. Foram analisadas 128 cópias das prescrições de antibióticos recebidas durante o ano de 2016. 64% das prescrições foram destinadas ao sexo feminino. A média de idade foi 46±25 anos. Os antibióticos mais prescritos foram cefalexina (23%), amoxicilina associada ao clavulanato (22%), ciprofloxacino (17%) e azitromicina (15%). Consequentemente, os grupos farmacológicos mais utilizados foram beta-lactâmicos (55%), fluoroquinolonas (30%) e macrolídeos (15%). Os prescritores mais frequentes foram médicos generalistas (42%,) dentistas (12%), cardiologistas (9%) e urologistas (7%). A maior parte das prescrições foi advinda do sistema privado de saúde (54%). Os prescritores utilizaram o nome comercial em 55% dos antibacterianos prescritos, dos quais 33% foram oriundos do Sistema Único de Saúde. Esta pesquisa contribui na avaliação do uso de medicamentos antibióticos na população. A atuação efetiva do farmacêutico no controle do uso de antibióticos de acordo com a legislação vigente é importantepara prover a população com orientações adequadas sobre o uso racional desses agentes.
USO DE ESPECTROSCOPIA DE ULTRAVIOLETA VISÍVEL (UV-VIS) PARA A DETECÇÃO DE QUERCETINA EM PLANTAS POR MEIO DA FORMAÇÃO DO COMPLEXO QUERCETINA-ALUMÍNIO
Authors: Bernardi Fabiele , Nicolini Keller Paulo , Nicolini Jaqueline
Published: September 2017

Foram estudadas nove amostras de plantas a partir da reação de complexação que ocorre entre alumínio, proveniente do cloreto de alumínio (AlCl3) e quercetina, presente no material botânico avaliado. A reação é caracterizada pela formação de uma solução amarela, evidenciada espectroscopicamente pelo deslocamento batocrômico da região de360-370 nm para 420-430 nm. Foram investigadas quatro amostras de pétalas: azaleia branca e magenta, lírio amarelo queimado e dente-de-leão; três amostras de folhas: babosa, laranja e lima; e duas amostras de cascas de frutos: laranja e lima. Dentre as amostras analisadas, apenas as pétalas de azaleia (Rhododendron sp.) branca e magenta presentaram concentração de quercetina suficiente para ser detectada e analisada por espectroscopia de UV-Vis pela formação do complexo quercetina-alumínio. A interação entre o alumínio e a quercetina apresenta estequiometria 2:1, com uma constante de ligação de 3,94 ± 0,34 x 103 mol L-1.
Combination treatment with valsartan and amlodipine intensifies evening suppression of Bmal1 clock gene in kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Potucek P. , Radik M. , Doka G. , Kralova E. , Krenek P. , Klimas J.
Published: September 2017

Blood pressure (BP) rhythm is exhibited in a circadian pattern regulated by complex system of endogenous factors. Administration of pharmacological treatment at the right time can influence the efficacy of treatment; but while kidneys play significant role in BP regulation, little is known about their role in chronopharmacotherapy. This study aimed to compare differences between morning and evening dosing with valsartan and amlodipine combination in both short-term and long-term settings and to elucidate the role of kidneys in chronopharmacology. Spontaneously hypertensive rats aged between 8 and 10 weeks were daily treated with 10mg/kg of valsartan and 4 mg/kg of amlodipine, either in the morning or in the evening with treatment duration of 1 and 6 weeks. After short-term treatment, only morning treatment group demonstrated significantly better outcomes in terms of BP control when compared to placebo. After long-term treatment, both treatment groups gained superior results in BP control against placebo; however, no significant difference was seen between morning and evening treatment. Interestingly, clock gene expression in kidney has been significantly modulated only in the evening-treated groups, with treatment intensifying the reduced Bmal1 levels, while Per2 expression was less altered. However, no direct relation with the outcomes of the therapy has been observed, suggesting that pharmacotherapy may serve as an independent modulator of peripheral circadian clock in the kidney.
Conservative finite volume element schemes for the complex modified Korteweg–de Vries equation
Authors: Yan Jin-Liang , Zheng Liang-Hong
Published: September 2017

The aim of this paper is to build and validate a class of energy-preserving schemes for simulating a complex modified Korteweg–de Vries equation. The method is based on a combination of a discrete variational derivative method in time and finite volume element approximation in space. The resulting scheme is accurate, robust and energy-preserving. In addition, for comparison, we also develop a momentum-preserving finite volume element scheme and an implicit midpoint finite volume element scheme. Finally, a complete numerical study is developed to investigate the accuracy, conservation properties and long time behaviors of the energy-preserving scheme, in comparison with the momentum-preserving scheme and the implicit midpoint scheme, for the complex modified Korteweg–de Vries equation.
The interval Shapley value of an M/M/1 service system
Authors: Cheng-Guo E , Li Quan-Lin , Li Shiyong
Published: September 2017

Service systems and their cooperation are one of the most important and hot topics in management and information sciences. To design a reasonable allocation mechanism of service systems is the key issue in the cooperation of service systems. In this paper, we systematically introduce the interval Shapley value as cost allocation of cooperative interval games 〈N, V〉 arising from cooperation in a multi-server service system, and provide an explicit expression for the interval Shapley value of cooperative interval games 〈N, V〉. We construct an interval game 〈N, W〉 of a service system which shares the same value for the grand coalition with the original interval game, by using the characteristic function which is dominated by the function of the original interval game. Finally, we prove that the interval game 〈N, W〉 is concave, which means that the interval Shapley value of the interval game 〈N, W〉 is in the interval core of this interval game, and illustrate this conclusion by using numerical examples.
A comparative study on interval arithmetic operations with intuitionistic fuzzy numbers for solving an intuitionistic fuzzy multi–objective linear programming problem
Authors: Vidhya Rajendran , Irene Hepzibah Rajkumar
Published: September 2017

In a real world situation, whenever ambiguity exists in the modeling of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFNs), interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IVIFNs) are often used in order to represent a range of IFNs unstable from the most pessimistic evaluation to the most optimistic one. IVIFNs are a construction which helps us to avoid such a prohibitive complexity. This paper is focused on two types of arithmetic operations on interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IVIFNs) to solve the interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy multi-objective linear programming problem with pentagonal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (PIFNs) by assuming different α and β cut values in a comparative manner. The objective functions involved in the problem are ranked by the ratio ranking method and the problem is solved by the preemptive optimization method. An illustrative example with MATLAB outputs is presented in order to clarify the potential approach.
Heuristic algorithms for joint optimization of unicast and anycast traffic in elastic optical network–based large–scale computing systems
Authors: Markowski Marcin
Published: September 2017

In recent years elastic optical networks have been perceived as a prospective choice for future optical networks due to better adjustment and utilization of optical resources than is the case with traditional wavelength division multiplexing networks. In the paper we investigate the elastic architecture as the communication network for distributed data centers. We address the problems of optimization of routing and spectrum assignment for large-scale computing systems based on an elastic optical architecture; particularly, we concentrate on anycast user to data center traffic optimization. We assume that computational resources of data centers are limited. For this offline problems we formulate the integer linear programming model and propose a few heuristics, including a meta-heuristic algorithm based on a tabu search method. We report computational results, presenting the quality of approximate solutions and efficiency of the proposed heuristics, and we also analyze and compare some data center allocation scenarios.
On the existence of a nontrivial equilibrium in relation to the basic reproductive number
Authors: Wijaya Karunia Putra , Sutimin  , Soewono Edy , Götz Thomas
Published: September 2017

Equilibrium analysis in autonomous evolutionary models is of central importance for developing long term treatments. This task typically includes checks on the existence and stability of some equilibria. Prior to touching on the stability, one often attempts to determine the existence where the basic reproductive numberℛ0plays a critical role as a threshold parameter. When analyzing a nontrivial equilibrium (e.g., an endemic, boundary, or coexistence equilibrium) whereℛ0is explicit, we usually come across a typical result: ifℛ0>1, then a nontrivial equilibrium exists in the biological sense. However, for more sophisticated models,ℛ0can be too complicated to be revealed in terms of the involving parameters; the task of relating the formulation of a nontrivial equilibrium toℛ0thus becomes intractable. This paper shows how to mitigate such a problem with the aid of functional analysis, adopting the framework of a nonlinear eigenvalue problem. An equilibrium equation is first to be transformed into a canonical equation in a lower dimension, and then the existence is confirmed under several conditions. Three models are tested showing the applicability of this approach.
Evaluation of Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Incidence and Involved Neurocognitive Functions in Patients with Cardiac and Noncardiac Surgery Under General Anesthesia
Authors: Sircuţa Carmen , Lucza Tunde , Veres Mihaly , Szomoru Ildiko , Azamfirei Leonard
Published: September 2017

Objective: To analyse postoperative cognitive dysfunction’s (POCD) incidence and cognitive areas involved, in patients with cardiac and general surgery.

Material and Methods: Prospective observational study on 130 patients undergoing general or heart surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass, under general anesthesia. Two groups, 65 members each. Group A had a heart surgery and group B a noncardiac surgery. The same type of anesthetic drugs were used. All patients completed the Montreal Cognitive Assesment (MoCA) questionnaire: preoperative, 24 hours after stopping any medicine acting on central nervous system and 7 days postoperative. We compared the MoCA scores obtained on different cognitive domains in this moments for each group of patients, for neurocognitive functions: visuo-spatial executive, naming, attention, verbal fluency, abstraction, recall, orientation, final score. We compared the scores between the two groups at 24 hours and 7 days postoperatively for the same domains.

Results: POCD was found at 24 hours testing in both groups. At 7 days postoperatively POCD was not found in any of the groups. There was no statistically significant difference in total final score between two groups at 24 hours nor at 7 days postoperative testing. There are significant differences between the two groups, with lower score in cardiac group in 5 of 7 fields at 24 hours testing, with the persistence of difference in 2 of 7 fields at 7 days.

Conclusions: Overall POCD was present at 24 hours but was not found at 7 days testing for none of the groups. POCD is present in some neurocognitive domains and this depends on surgery type.
Transthoracic 3D Echocardiographic Imaging of Type A Aortic Dissection – Case Presentation
Authors: Szabó István Adorján , Kocsis Ildikó , Fogarasi Zoltán , Belényi Boglárka , Frigy Attila
Published: September 2017

In type A aortic dissection (AoD) an early and accurate diagnosis is essential to improve survival, by applying urgent surgical repair. 3D transthoracic echocardiography (3D-TTE), an advanced noninvasive imaging technique, could offer a comprehensive evaluation of the ascending aorta and aortic arch in this regard. Both modalities of real-time 3D imaging – live 3D and full-volume aquisition – proved to be useful in evaluating the localization and extent of AoD. Our case illustrates the utility of 3D-TTE in the complex assessment AoD. By providing the proper anatomical dataset, 3D-TTE could facilitate considerably the diagnosis of type A AoD.
Immersive VR in Phantom Limb Pain Therapy of Amputee Patients Due to Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Zanfir Ana-Maria , Georgescu Domnita Ilea , Turturica Sergiu Cristian , Eczedi Mihaela , Mironiuc Aurel
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Phantom limb pain (PLP) occurs in approximately 75% of patients who undergo limb amputation. In identifying the etiopathogenic mechanisms, multidisciplinary approaches are increasingly important in explaining the causality based on neurological and psychological factors. PLP has many negative effects on the amputee's physical and mental integrity, which is why a variety of treatments have been conceived, whose effectiveness is rather limited.

Objective:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an immersive virtual reality (IVR) intervention program using the mirror therapy principles in decreasing PLP.

Method: Twenty participants suffering from PLP were randomly assigned to one of the two intervention groups: IVR and kinesiotherapy, respectively. Pre- and post-intervention measurements were performed both on pain level and on several psychological variables: depression and anxiety symptoms, pain catastrophizing, quality of life, body representation and coping strategies.

Results: Preliminary data show a significant pain relief in patients in the IVR group compared to those in the kinesiotherapy group. Besides, significant improvement was found in the case of the patients in the IVR group, in terms of life quality improvement, reducing irrational pain catastrophizing-related thoughts and positive coping strategies (positive refocusing and reappraisal). There were no differences identified between the two groups in terms of anxiety and depression symptoms. Despite expectations, patients in the IVR group experienced a significant increase in one negative coping strategy: rumination.

Conclusions: The results obtained are advocating the use of IVI intervention as a method phantom limb pain alleviation, with positive consequences on patients' life quality.
Selection of Parameters and Architecture of Multilayer Perceptrons for Predicting Ice Coverage of Lakes
Authors: Baklagin Nikolaevich Vyacheslav
Published: September 2017

The ice cover on lakes is one of the most influential factors in the lakes’ winter aquatic ecosystem. The paper presents a method for predicting ice coverage of lakes by means of multilayer perceptrons. This approach is based on historical data on the ice coverage of lakes taking Lake Onega as an example. The daily time series of ice coverage of Lake Onega for 2004–2017 was collected by means of satellite data analysis of snow and ice cover of the Northern Hemisphere. Input signals parameters for the multilayer perceptrons aimed at predicting ice coverage of lakes are based on the correlation analysis of this time series. The results of training of multilayer perceptrons showed that perceptrons with architectures of 3-2-1 within the Freeze-up phase (arithmetic mean of the mean square errors for training epoch

MSE

¯

=
0.0155

$\overline {MSE} = 0.0155$

) and 3-6-1 within the Break-up phase (

MSE

¯

=
0.0105

$\overline {MSE} = 0.0105$

) have the least mean-squared error for the last training epoch. Tests within the holdout samples prove that multilayer perceptrons give more adequate and reliable prediction of the ice coverage of Lake Onega (mean-squared prediction error MSPE = 0.0076) comparing with statistical methods such as linear regression, moving average and autoregressive analyses of the first and second order.
Charcoal kilns as a source of data on the past iron industry (an example from the River Czarna valley, Central Poland)
Authors: Rutkiewicz Paweł , Malik Ireneusz , Wistuba Małgorzata , Sady Agata
Published: September 2017

Charcoal was the primary fuel used for iron smelting and processing until the end of the 19th century. It was produced through burning piles of wood called charcoal kilns. The aim of the study was to identify and record traces of charcoal kilns related to past ironworks in the valley of the River Czarna (Małopolska Upland, Central Poland). Detailed analysis was conducted in areas adjacent to historical centres of iron processing in Maleniec, Kołoniec and Machory. A quantitative analysis of the traces of charcoal kilns in the topography was done based on DEM from airborne LiDAR. Soil profiles were analysed at the sites where traces of charcoal kilns were identified from DEM. Radiocarbon dating and palaeobotanical analyses were performed for selected charcoal from kiln remnants. In the study area we identified over 11,500 charcoal kilns. The radiocarbon age of these charcoals indicate that the charcoal kilns under study were used in the 15th, 18th and 19th century. Thus the results suggest that the iron industry in the studied area is c 100 years older than the historical written sources indicate. Palaeobotanical analyses show that coniferous trees were used for charcoal production. The large number of traces of charcoal kilns and their wide spatial distribution indicate that past charcoal production has had a significant impact on the environment and landscape change in the River Czarna valley and adjacent areas.
Effects of lignite surface mining on local communities: controversies and areas of negotiation
Authors: Badera Jarosław , Pazderski Leszek
Published: September 2017

Selecting locations for lignite mining and power generation complexes has been the subject of intense controversy. As a result, there have been many conflicts in society due to environmental and economic concerns. This paper poses the question of how lignite surface mining affects local communities. These effects may be both negative and positive and some of them are intangible. It is very difficult to balance the pros and cons objectively as it depends on the assumed objectives and criteria of the analysis. Different social and economic structures in different communities, and various additional factors, are just some of the reasons why this balance may significantly differ around a country. The authors hold opposing views on the role of lignite in the energy mix and the balance of negative and positive effects that surface mining exerts on local communities. They agree, however, that the most important elements of the societal debate on lignite mining have not yet been adequately studied or presented in public discourse. The authors propose to introduce the procedure of Social Impact Assessment to the Polish legal system. This could be effective as a means to prevent many conflicts in the energy sector and be the best way to reach a compromise.
Dendrochronology as a source of data for landslide activity maps – an example from Beskid Żywiecki Mountains (Western Carpathians, Poland)
Authors: Łuszczyńska Katarzyna , Wistuba Małgorzata , Malik Ireneusz
Published: September 2017

We applied dendrochronological methods for dating landslide activity in the study area (3.75 km2), on the slopes of Sucha Mountain (1040 m a.s.l.), in the Beskid Żywiecki Mountains, in the Western Carpathians. 46 sampling sites were distributed throughout the study area. At each site we sampled 1-3 coniferous trees: Norway spruces (Picea abies Karst.) and/or silver firs (Abies alba Mill.). From each tree 2 cores were sampled: one from the upslope and the other from the downslope side of the stem. Based on tree-ring widths measured for opposite sides of stems we have calculated eccentricity index values and dated past landslide events. Mean frequency of landslides was obtained for each sampling site. Finally, the data was interpolated into a map of landslide activity. Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation has been applied. For most of the study area we found medium (19 sites) and low (23 sites) levels of landslide activity. The highest level of activity was recorded for the largest landslide slope and for the one small landslide. The study conducted on Sucha Mountain has shown that dendrochronology can be an effective method for analysing landslide activity and may be useful in further studies, including those for landslide hazard and risk assessments.
Basic Formal Properties of Triangular Norms and Conorms
Authors: Grabowski Adam
Published: September 2017

In the article we present in the Mizar system [1], [8] the catalogue of triangular norms and conorms, used especially in the theory of fuzzy sets [13]. The name triangular emphasizes the fact that in the framework of probabilistic metric spaces they generalize triangle inequality [2].

After defining corresponding Mizar mode using four attributes, we introduced the following t-norms:

minimum t-norm minnorm (Def. 6),

product t-norm prodnorm (Def. 8),

Łukasiewicz t-norm Lukasiewicz_norm (Def. 10),

drastic t-norm drastic_norm (Def. 11),

nilpotent minimum nilmin_norm (Def. 12),

Hamacher product Hamacher_norm (Def. 13),

and corresponding t-conorms:

maximum t-conorm maxnorm (Def. 7),

probabilistic sum probsum_conorm (Def. 9),

bounded sum BoundedSum_conorm (Def. 19),

drastic t-conorm drastic_conorm (Def. 14),

nilpotent maximum nilmax_conorm (Def. 18),

Hamacher t-conorm Hamacher_conorm (Def. 17).

Their basic properties and duality are shown; we also proved the predicate of the ordering of norms [10], [9]. It was proven formally that drastic-norm is the pointwise smallest t-norm and minnorm is the pointwise largest t-norm (maxnorm is the pointwise smallest t-conorm and drastic-conorm is the pointwise largest t-conorm).

This work is a continuation of the development of fuzzy sets in Mizar [6] started in [11] and [3]; it could be used to give a variety of more general operations on fuzzy sets. Our formalization is much closer to the set theory used within the Mizar Mathematical Library than the development of rough sets [4], the approach which was chosen allows however for merging both theories [5], [7].
About Quotient Orders and Ordering Sequences
Authors: Koch Sebastian
Published: September 2017

In preparation for the formalization in Mizar [4] of lotteries as given in [14], this article closes some gaps in the Mizar Mathematical Library (MML) regarding relational structures. The quotient order is introduced by the equivalence relation identifying two elements x, y of a preorder as equivalent if x ⩽ y and y ⩽ x. This concept is known (see e.g. chapter 5 of [19]) and was first introduced into the MML in [13] and that work is incorporated here. Furthermore given a set A, partition D of A and a finite-support function f : A → ℝ, a function Σ
f
: D → ℝ, Σ
f
(X)= ∑
x∈X

f(x) can be defined as some kind of natural “restriction” from f to D. The first main result of this article can then be formulated as:

∑

x
∈
A

f
(
x
)

=

∑

X
∈
D

Σ
f

(
X
)

(

=

∑

X
∈
D

∑

x
∈
X

f
(
x
)

)

$$\sum\limits_{x \in A} {f(x)} = \sum\limits_{X \in D} {\Sigma _f (X)\left( { = \sum\limits_{X \in D} {\sum\limits_{x \in X} {f(x)} } } \right)} $$

After that (weakly) ascending/descending finite sequences (based on [3]) are introduced, in analogous notation to their infinite counterparts introduced in [18] and [13].

The second main result is that any finite subset of any transitive connected relational structure can be sorted as a ascending or descending finite sequence, thus generalizing the results from [16], where finite sequence of real numbers were sorted.

The third main result of the article is that any weakly ascending/weakly descending finite sequence on elements of a preorder induces a weakly ascending/weakly descending finite sequence on the projection of these elements into the quotient order. Furthermore, weakly ascending finite sequences can be interpreted as directed walks in a directed graph, when the set of edges is described by ordered pairs of vertices, which is quite common (see e.g. [10]).

Additionally, some auxiliary theorems are provided, e.g. two schemes to find the smallest or the largest element in a finite subset of a connected transitive relational structure with a given property and a lemma I found rather useful: Given two finite one-to-one sequences s, t on a set X, such that rng t ⊆ rng s, and a function f : X → ℝ such that f is zero for every x ∈ rng s \ rng t, we have ∑ f o s = ∑ f o t.
Dual Lattice of ℤ-module Lattice
Authors: Futa Yuichi , Shidama Yasunari
Published: September 2017

In this article, we formalize in Mizar [5] the definition of dual lattice and their properties. We formally prove that a set of all dual vectors in a rational lattice has the construction of a lattice. We show that a dual basis can be calculated by elements of an inverse of the Gram Matrix. We also formalize a summation of inner products and their properties. Lattice of ℤ-module is necessary for lattice problems, LLL(Lenstra, Lenstra and Lovász) base reduction algorithm and cryptographic systems with lattice [20], [10] and [19].
The Challenges and Opportunities of Entering the Social Media Sphere: A Case Study of Polish Cities
Authors: Sędkowski Michał
Published: September 2017

The social media sphere is growing in Poland as more and more people embrace the new ways of communication. Cities in Poland are also slowly catching up with the social media revolution as all 16 provincial cities are present on Facebook. Profiles are static in nature and have problems with engaging the audience in any kind of meaningful conversation. The purpose of this article is to indicate the key challenges that cities are facing while entering the social sphere. Official profiles of all provincial cities in Poland will be analysed to highlight possible ways of improving their digital image.
Cultural Ecosystem of Creative Place: Creative Class, Creative Networks and Participation in Culture
Authors: Anders-Morawska Justyna
Published: September 2017

The scope of this paper is to conceptualise a data-based research framework for the role of creative networks in cultural exchange. Participation in culture measured as audience per 1000 residents and expenditures on culture-related activities were analysed in relation to such territorial assets as accessibility to creative infrastructure, the economic status of residents, the governance networks of civil society, and cultural capital. The results indicate how accessibility, governance networks, and cultural capital contribute to participation measured via audience indicators while a low poverty rate has explanatory value with respect to expenditures on culture.
The Effects of Education and Training Given to Phlebotomists for Reducing Preanalytical Errors
Authors: Arslan Fatma Demet , Karakoyun Inanc , Basok Banu Isbilen , Aksit Merve Zeytinli , Celik Esma , Dogan Kemal , Duman Can
Published: September 2017

Background:The most common sources of error in the preanalytical phase are considered to be at the stage of patient preparation and sample collection. In order to reduce the preanalytical errors, we aimed to determine the level of phlebotomists knowledge about the preanalytic phase before and after planned trainings in the study.

Methods:Training about preanalytical processes was given to the 454 health professionals and the majority of them were employed as nurse. Questionnaires before and after training were conducted. In order to assess the effect of the training into the process, preanalytical error rates were calculated before and after training.

Results:The total correct answer rates of vocational school of health diplomaed were statistically lower than the total correct answer rates of other. It was observed significantly increase in the rate of correct answers to questionnaire and significantly decrease in preanalytical error rates after training.

Conclusions:The results of the survey showed that the attitudes of the phlebotomists were diverse in the preanalytical processes according to the levels of education and their practices. By providing training to all staff on a regular basis, their information about preanalytical phase could be updated and hence, it may possible to significantly reduce the preanalytical errors in health practice and nursing science.
Digital Control System of Two-Motor Ac Electrical Drive Built by Principles of Harland
Authors: Dochviri J.N. , Turmanidze G.R.
Published: September 2017

In the paper, optimization of scalar control system of two-motor electrical ac drive with individual regulators of speed is investigated. Structural scheme of the drive is constructed via electromagnetic process agreement taking into account elasticitic shaft. The expressions for the optimal parameters of digital regulators for stator currents of the motors and speed of the drive are given. Modelling results obtained on the computer are given. The considered system of ac drive provides optimal dynamic character as well as automatic distribution of loading between the motors.
A new species Phlebopterum planicapitis from Madagascar (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae)
Authors: Świerczewski Dariusz , Stroiński Adam
Published: September 2017

A new planthopper species of the family Flatidae Phlebopterum planicapitis sp. n. endemic to Madagascar is described and illustrated. The species is limited to the north-western part of the island and is associated with coastal mangroves and riverside vegetation. A key to all the Phlebopterum species known from Madagascar is provided.
Neutron and photon scattering properties of high density concretes used in radiation therapy facilities: A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Mesbahi Asghar , Khaldari Rezvan
Published: September 2017

In the current study the neutron and photon scattering properties of some newly developed high density concretes (HDCs) were calculated by using MCNPX Monte Carlo code. Five high-density concretes including Steel-Magnetite, Barite, Datolite-Galena, Ilmenite-ilmenite, Magnetite-Lead with the densities ranging from 5.11 g/cm3 and ordinary concrete with density of 2.3 g/cm3 were studied in our simulations. The photon beam spectra of 4 and 18 MV from Varian linac and neutron spectra of clinical 18 MeV photon beam was used for calculations. The fluence of scattered photon and neutron from all studied concretes was calculated in different angles. Overall, the ordinary concrete showed higher scattered photons and Datolite-Galena concrete (4.42 g/cm3) had the lowest scattered photons among all studied concretes. For neutron scattering, fluence at the angle of 180 was higher relative to other angles while for photons scattering fluence was maximum at 90 degree. The scattering fluence for photons and neutrons was dependent on the angle and composition of concrete. The results showed that the fluence of scattered photons and neutrons changes with the composition of high density concrete. Also, for high density concretes, the variation of scattered fluence with angle was very pronounced for neutrons but it changed slightly for photons. The results can be used for design of radiation therapy bunkers.
Patient dose measurement in common medical X-ray examinations and propose the first local dose reference levels to diagnostic radiology in Iran
Authors: Rasuli Behrouz , Tabari Juybari Raheleh , Forouzi Meysam , Ghorbani Mohammad
Published: September 2017

Introduction: The main purpose of this study was to investigate patient dose in pelvic and abdomen x-ray examinations. This work also provided the LDRLs (local diagnostic reference levels) in Khuzestan region, southwest of Iran to help establish the NDRLs (national diagnostic reference levels).

Methods: Patient doses were assessed from patient’s anatomical data and exposure parameters based on the IAEA indirect dosimetry method. With regard to this method, exposure parameters such as tube output, kVp, mAs, FFD and patient anatomical data were used for calculating ESD (entrance skin dose) of patients. This study was conducted on 250 standard patients (50% men and 50% women) at eight high-patient-load imaging centers.

Results: The results indicate that mean ESDs for the both pelvic and abdomen examinations were lower than the IAEA and EC reference levels, 2.3 and 3.7 mGy, respectively. Mean applied kVps were 67 and 70 and mean FFDs were 103 and 109, respectively. Tube loadings obtained in this study for pelvic examination were lower than all the corresponding values in the reviewed literature. Likewise, the average annual patient load across all hospitals were more than 37000 patients, i.e. more than 100 patients a day.

Conclusions: The authors recommend that DRLs (diagnostic reference levels) obtained in this region, which are the first available data, can be used as local DRLs for pelvic and abdomen procedures. This work also provides that on-the-job training programs for staffs and close cross collaboration between physicists and physicians should be strongly considered.
Effective and organ doses from common CT examinations in one general hospital in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Khoramian Daryoush , Hashemi Bijan
Published: September 2017

Purpose: It is well known that the main portion of artificial sources of ionizing radiation to human results from X-ray imaging techniques. However, reports carried out in various countries have indicated that most of their cumulative doses from artificial sources are due to CT examinations. Hence assessing doses resulted from CT examinations is highly recommended by national and international radiation protection agencies. The aim of this research has been to estimate the effective and organ doses in an average human according to 103 and 60 ICRP tissue weighting factor for six common protocols of Multi-Detector CT (MDCT) machine in a comprehensive training general hospital in Tehran/Iran.

Methods: To calculate the patients' effective dose, the CT-Expo2.2 software was used. Organs/tissues and effective doses were determined for about 20 patients (totally 122 patients) for every one of six typical CT protocols of the head, neck, chest, abdomen-pelvis, pelvis and spine exams. In addition, the CT dosimetry index (CTDI) was measured in the standard 16 and 32 cm phantoms by using a calibrated pencil ionization chamber for the six protocols and by taking the average value of CT scan parameters used in the hospital compared with the CTDI values displayed on the console device of the machine.

Results: The values of the effective dose based on the ICRP 103 tissue weighting factor were: 0.6, 2.0, 3.2, 4.2, 2.8, and 3.9 mSv and based on the ICRP 60 tissue weighting factor were: 0.9, 1.4, 3, 7.9, 4.8 and 5.1 mSv for the head, neck, chest, abdomen-pelvis, pelvis, spine CT exams respectively. Relative differences between those values were -22, 21, 23, -6, -31 and 16 percent for the head, neck, chest, abdomen-pelvis, pelvis, spine CT exams, respectively. The average value of CTDIv calculated for each protocol was: 27.32 ± 0.9, 18.08 ± 2.0, 7.36 ± 2.6, 8.84 ± 1.7, 9.13 ± 1.5, 10.42 ± 0.8 mGy for the head, neck, chest, abdomen-pelvis and spine CT exams, respectively.

Conclusions: The highest organ doses delivered by various CT exams were received by brain (15.5 mSv), thyroid (19.00 mSv), lungs (9.3 mSv) and bladder (9.9 mSv), bladder (10.4 mSv), stomach (10.9 mSv) in the head, neck, chest, and the abdomen-pelvis, pelvis, and spine respectively. Except the neck and spine CT exams showing a higher effective dose compared to that reported in Netherlands, other exams indicated lower values compared to those reported by any other country.
Characteristics of the innovation activities of firms in Europe: a critical review of international differences
Authors: Vokoun Marek
Published: September 2017

A sample of 18 papers and 32 data sets revealed 210,404 firm level observations about European firms making decisions about innovation. A total of 66,965 observations describe activities of innovators between 1986 and 2008. This paper used a basic literature review to assess properties of innovation among quite rare full CDM (Crépon, Duguet, and Mairesse) papers. This study compared results from two systems of estimation and showed that both international and regional comparisons are rather problematic because of different definitions of innovation variables and data set representativeness. On average, a typical firm that engaged in innovation was a large firm competing in international markets in the sample of firms with 20+ employees. Smaller firms, however, invested more in research and development (R&D) and no linear relationship was found for output characteristics. Cooperation on R&D projects increased overall innovation intensity. There is strong evidence that public funding had an ambiguous effect on R&D spending and no additional effect on innovation output on average. This output measured by sales from innovated goods and services was on average in a positive relationship with labour productivity; however, a detailed view suggested this effect was present only in product innovation. In this paper, it is shown that results of innovation studies cannot be compared or used in research without deeper analysis of the data sample (micro companies, industries, active firms, entrants etc.), dependent variable (innovator, R&D expenditures, sales, productivity, new product, new service etc.) and the baseline company that is defined by independent variables.
Determining the spacing of ridge terraces on arable land in central and south-western Poland
Authors: Baryła Anna , Żmuda Romuald
Published: September 2017

The practice of many countries has shown that terraces can significantly prevent land degradation processes such as excessive soil erosion, landslides. Condition is good layout, proper construction, and then proper maintenance. Practical application in many countries showed that terraces can significantly prevent processes leading to the degradation of land, such as the excessive erosion of soils and landslides. The requirement for this is well-planned, adequate construction, and later – proper conservation. In Poland this is a little popular method. In the article, the dorsal spacing terraces were calculated for two catchments – in the central and south-western parts of Poland. Meteorological and soil data were used for Puczniew station (Ner catchment) and Boleścin station (Mielnica catchment). Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was performed to assess the compatibility of a given feature with a normal distribution, then the distribution of the probability distribution was developed. For probability 1, 50 and 90% the spacing of terraces was calculated using Ramser and Morgan method. The results obtained were combined with the results from the USLE model. Hydraulic methods have shown greater spacing for the Mielnica catchment (loess soils) compared to the Ner basin (clay loam). For the USLE model, the larger spacing was calculated for the Ner basin. From the practical application to the acceptance of land user will be the maximum distance calculated by different methods. The highest terrace spacing values were obtained using the Morgan method for the Mielnica catchment, for the Ner catchment model USLE.
Analysis of technical feasibility of status improvement the river and valley environment on the example of selected objects
Authors: Popek Zbigniew , Wasilewicz Michał
Published: September 2017

In order to improve the status of rivers and valleys environment, protective measures are often insufficient – technical measures are also required. The paper presents two concepts of technical solutions proposed for the sections of the Świder and Rawka rivers, lying within the boundaries of natural protected areas. Due to the purpose of the project, the type of planned works, their scope and the expected final result, these concepts may be typical examples of river restoration and river and valley revitalization. The proposed activity on the Świder river is to inhibit erosion of the deep riverbed, by reconstructing the former natural estuary. Therefore, these actions can be classified as typical river restoration. In the case of the Rawka river, the aim is to revitalize the river and the valley, by ensuring the ecological continuity of the riverbed and improving the status of valley habitats.
A Pediatric Case of Disseminated Lichen Sclerosus – a Case Report
Authors: Gocev Gjorgji , Nikolovska Suzana , Dohcheva-Karajovanov Ivana
Published: September 2017

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is an uncommon chronic inflammatory skin disorder with a predilection for the anogenital area, characterized by porcelain white papules, plaques and atrophic patches. We report a prepubertal, 12-year-old girl who presented with chronic, disseminated pearly, flat-topped papules, plaques and atrophic patches located on the trunk, limbs and in the anogenital area, consistent with LS based on clinical and histologic findings. Potent and ultrapotent topical corticosteroids should be considered as first-line treatment. The ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) and calcipotriol for extragenital lesions, as well as calcineurin inhibitors for anogenital lesions, are other treatment options for pediatric LS.
A intervenção da censura comunista em traduções romenas de literatura portuguesa: o romance “Os Maias” de Eça de Queirós
Authors: Manole Veronica
Published: September 2017

This article briefly analyses the interventions of the communist censorship in the Romanian translation of the novel Os Maias [The Maias] by Eça de Queirós. A comparison of the 1978 and the 2005 editions with the original text shows only a few interventions in fragments that tackle political issues. Most of the changes that we identified in the 1978 edition – word replacement, total or partial textual omission – occur in fragments about the incestuous relationship between the main characters. This analysis shows how the translator unwillingly turned into a traitor during the Romanian communist regime.
Caught between Aspiration and Actuality:
Authors: Alexander Gül Neşe Doğusan
Published: September 2017

The Turkish government promoted the building of housing cooperatives as a social housing program beginning in the second half of the 1930s. While these cooperatives received government aid, they did not produce affordable housing for lower-income groups. Instead, they provided fashionable modern houses to middle- and high-income homeowners. In architectural journals, these new houses were understood and critiqued as exemplars of a specifically Turkish modern style, rather than as pragmatic solutions to a housing crisis. Caught between Aspiration and Actuality: The Etiler Housing Cooperative and the Production of Housing in Turkey analyzes the transformation of housing cooperatives from a social housing program into a method to enable middle-class homeownership by examining the story of the Etiler Housing Cooperative, built between 1952 and 1957 in Istanbul. Gül Neşe Doğusan Alexander follows the story of Etiler through a detailed examination of laws, parliamentary minutes, popular media, professional publications on architecture, maps, and other published materials.
Architecture Culture, Humanitarian Expertise:
Authors: Siddiqi Anooradha Iyer
Published: September 2017

Architecture Culture, Humanitarian Expertise: From the Tropics to Shelter, 1953–93 recovers a history of architecture and humanitarianism through an examination of institutions and the development of a subfield of professional practice. Charting mutual interest between major humanitarian agencies and the architecture and planning professions, Anooradha Iyer Siddiqi maps the joint construction of expertise, tying together three sets of concerns: preoccupations with the tropics and climate as anchor points for the science and rationalization behind building design, the institutionalization of humanitarian spatial expertise in the academy and industry, and a tension between models for development and for relief. This joint activity and its discursive themes, from the “tropics” to “shelter”—whether aggrandizing or instrumentalizing the shared mission of architecture and humanitarianism—raised the stakes for architectural expertise as a driver for practice as well as history.
Advances in Clinical Decision Support: Highlights of Practice and the Literature 2015-2016
Authors: Jenders R. A.
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Advances in clinical decision support (CDS) continue to evolve to support the goals of clinicians, policymakers, patients and professional organizations to improve clinical practice, patient safety, and the quality of care.

Objectives: Identify key thematic areas or foci in research and practice involving clinical decision support during the 2015-2016 time period.

Methods: Thematic analysis consistent with a grounded theory approach was applied in a targeted review of journal publications, the proceedings of key scientific conferences as well as activities in standards development organizations in order to identify the key themes underlying work related to CDS.

Results: Ten key thematic areas were identified, including: 1) an emphasis on knowledge representation, with a focus on clinical practice guidelines; 2) various aspects of precision medicine, including the use of sensor and genomic data as well as big data; 3) efforts in quality improvement; 4) innovative uses of computer-based provider order entry (CPOE) systems, including relevant data displays; 5) expansion of CDS in various clinical settings; 6) patient-directed CDS; 7) understanding the potential negative impact of CDS; 8) obtaining structured data to drive CDS interventions; 9) the use of diagnostic decision support; and 10) the development and use of standards for CDS.

Conclusions: Active research and practice in 2015-2016 continue to underscore the importance and broad utility of CDS for effecting change and improving the quality and outcome of clinical care.