bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective validation study of a combined urine and plasma test for predicting high-grade prostate cancer in biopsy naïve men
Authors: Brøchner Pedersen Torben , Hvid Poulsen Mads , Lund Martin , Feddersen Søren , Albitar Maher , Aaberg Poulsen Charlotte , Lund Lars
Published: January 2025

Objective: Early and accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC) is crucial for effective treatment. Diagnosing  clinically insignificant cancers can lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment, highlighting the importance of accurately selecting patients for further evaluation based on improved risk prediction tools. Novel biomarkers offer promise for enhancing this diagnostic process. In this study, we aimed to externally validate a previously developed urine and plasma biomarker test in a biopsy-naïve population.
Materials and methods: Urine and blood samples were prospectively collected from 362 biopsy-naïve men with suspected PC before they underwent transrectal prostate biopsies. The expression levels of a 10-gene mRNA panel were quantified using reverse transcription/quantitative polymerase chain reaction of both urine and plasma. These gene expression levels, combined with clinical features and plasma prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, were used to predict the presence of International Society of Urological Pathology grade group ≥ 2 PC.
Results: Complete data were available for 314 patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the biomarker test were 87% (95% CI: 79–93%) and 42% (95% CI: 36–49%), respectively. The area under the curve was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.7–0.82) for the biomarker test probability and 0.65 (95% CI: 0.59–0.72) for PSA (p = 0.02). The test’s negative predictive value was 89% (CI: 81–94%).
Conclusion: This study did not replicate the previously reported high accuracy of the biomarker test, highlighting the need for further refinement and robust external validation to ensure reliable performance across diverse patient populations.
De siste dagligrøykerne
Authors: Vedøy Tord Finne , Lund Karl Erik
Published: January 2025

I løpet av de siste femti årene har andelen dagligrøykere sunket fra over førti til under ti prosent, menn og kvinner sett under ett. Men nedgangen har ikke vært lik i ulike samfunnsgrupper. Vi starter med hele befolkningen, og undersøker hvordan andelen dagligrøykere har utviklet seg i ulike sosiodemografiske og sosioøkonomiske grupper fra 1978 til 2022. Deretter ser vi på gruppen av dagligrøykere og belyser om og hvordan sammensetningen av den har endret seg, basert på de samme kjennetegnene. Til slutt belyser vi røyke-slutteatferd og om og hvordan den har endret seg. Vi trekker på teori om sosiale diffusjonsprosesser, som innebærer at nye innovasjoner spres gjennom den sosiale strukturen, med utgangspunkt hos personer med høy sosioøkonomisk status. Vi bruker data om røykevaner fra Statistisk sentralbyrå. Vi viser at andelen dagligrøykere sank i alle sosiodemografiske og sosioøkonomiske grupper. Men dagligrøykere har blitt eldre og flere av dem er enslige nå enn før. Samtidig var fordelingen av kjønn, bosted, utdanning og sysselsetting blant dagligrøykerne stabil gjennom perioden. Til slutt viser vi at ulike indikatorer på røykeslutt blant dagligrøykerne også har vært stabile: Det var små eller ingen endringer i andelen blant dagligrøykerne som hadde gjort eller planlagt et røykesluttforsøk eller som røykte mer enn 15 sigaretter per dag. Det samme gjaldt andelen som var interessert i å slutte å røyke og som mente at sigaretter var svært skadelige. Diffusjonsteori har lagt til grunn at endringer gjerne starter i grupper med høy sosioøkonomisk status og deretter spres til dem med færre ressurser. Våre funn gir ikke full støtte til dette tenkesettet. Våre funn tyder på at dagligrøykerne i liten grad har endret atferd, derimot har nye generasjoner latt være å begynne å røyke. Vi avrunder med å diskutere tobakkspolitiske virkemidler som kan bidra til at flere av de siste dagligrøykerne vil klare å slutte å røyke.
Bruk av e-sigaretter som ungdomskultur
Authors: Tokle Rikke , Scheffels Janne
Published: January 2025

Det har vært bekymring for økt bruk av e-sigaretter (vaping) blant ungdom i mange land. Nye tall fra Oslo tyder på at ungdomsvaping kan være økende. Hvorfor er det slik? Og hvor bekymret bør vi være? I dette kapittelet knytter vi sammen kunnskap om tiden økningen skjer i, samt produktene og aldersgruppen det gjelder, for å undersøke bruken av e-sigaretter i dagens norske ungdomskultur. Vi viser: (1) At ungdom gjerne oppfatter e-sigaretter som selvstendige forbruksprodukter. Dette følger av at endringer i tobakkslandskapet har gjort at dagens unge bare i begrenset grad har blitt eksponert for røyking og tobakkspreventive tiltak. I tillegg har den digitale utviklingen økt unges eksponering for nye tobakksrelaterte trender, inkludert vaping. (2) Hvordan innovasjon i markedet har utvidet produktutvalget og bruksmulighetene på måter som har gjort vaping mer tiltrekkende. (3) At det en sterk sammenheng mellom regelmessig vaping, bruk av andre tobakksprodukter og nikotinavhengighet, men samtidig at eksperimentering og av-og-til-bruk er det vanligste bruksmønstret blant unge. Sistnevnte speiler at vaping i ungdomskulturen fremstår som en grunnleggende sosial praksis som inngår unges identitetsprosjekter. Dermed resonerer vaping også med ungdomstiden som en utviklingsperiode preget av økt risikotaking, fokus på sosial status og jevnaldrende. Avslutningsvis, basert på dette bakteppet, belyser vi utfordringer og kunnskapshull, spesielt relatert til ny produktutvikling, ulike typer bruksmønstre og betydningen av det digitale markedet.
Alkoholskadeparadokset
Authors: Rossow Ingeborg
Published: January 2025

Internasjonal alkoholforskning viser gjennomgående at helseskader som skyldes alkoholbruk er mer utbredt i lavstatus- enn i høystatusgrupper, til tross for høyere alkoholkonsum i høystatusgrupper. Dette omtales gjerne som alkoholskadeparadokset. Dette kapittelet gjennomgår norsk forskning på dette feltet og viser at folk med lav utdanning eller inntekt drikker mindre enn andre, men er likevel mer utsatt for alkoholskader. Et mer risikofylt drikkemønster kan bare i noen grad forklare den høyere sårbarheten for alkohol i lavstatusgrupper. Vi vet fremdeles lite om hva som kan forklare alkoholskadeparadokset, og vi trenger mer kunnskap om hensiktsmessige tiltak for å dempe sosial ulikhet i alkoholskader.
Fra heroin til fentanyl?
Authors: Waal Helge
Published: January 2025

I dette kapittelet beskriver forfatteren utviklingen av narkotikabruken i Norge siden slutten av 1960-tallet, og trekker samtidig på egne erfaringer i ulike roller – som kliniker, forsker og sentral aktør i utviklingen av legemiddelassistert rehabilitering (LAR). Det legges spesiell vekt på bruken av opioider gjennom sekstiårsperioden, og han ender opp med en diskusjon om den økende bruken av nye opioider, som oksykodon og fentanyl.

Norsk narkotikapolitikk har sitt utspring i internasjonale regelverk fra 1920-tallet. Misbruket var på denne tiden i hovedsak iatrogent, det vil si at det utviklet seg som følge av medisinsk behandling. Avhengighet ble sett på som et medisinsk ansvar. Dette endret seg i løpet av 1960-tallet, da en fikk økende bruk av særlig cannabis i en ny generasjon av opposisjonelle ungdommer. Dette ble i første omgang møtt med sosialpolitikk og helsebaserte forebyggende tiltak. Men etter hvert ble strafferettspolitikken viktigere. På 1980-tallet kom det en økning i antall overdosedødsfall, samt AIDS og hepatitt blant heroinbrukere. Skadereduserende tiltak ble innført, og LAR-systemet ble utviklet fra 1998. Samtidig fikk talsmenn for reform av narkotikapolitikken mer oppmerksomhet. I løpet av de siste par tiårene har det utviklet seg en skremmende epidemi av opioidbruk og dødsfall i USA, hvor kommersielle aktører som Purdue Pharma hadde en vesentlig rolle. Også i Norge ser vi økende bruk av opioider i nye grupper, noe som fortjener oppmerksomhet.

Forfatteren diskuterer kritisk påstanden om at norsk narkotikapolitikk fortsatt kan karakteriseres som dominert av strafferetten. Han argumenterer for at bedre levekår for utsatte grupper i dagens situasjon kan være viktigere enn nye lovreformer.
Rus, fengsel og soning
Authors: Andersen Synøve N. , Mjåland Kristian
Published: January 2025

Koblingen mellom sosial klasse og kriminalitet er sterk. Særlig sterk er denne sammenhengen i norske fengsler, hvor det er en overrepresentasjon av personer med lav sosioøkonomisk bakgrunn, og hvor mange også har rusproblemer. I dette kapittelet går vi gjennom forskning på rus i fengsel, og stiller følgende spørsmål: Hva kjennetegner folks rusbruk før og under soning? Hvor utbredt er det å debutere med rusbruk i fengsel? Hva slags rusmidler brukes i norske fengsler, hvordan får folk tilgang til disse rusmidlene, og hva gjør tilstedeværelsen av rusmidler med de sosiale dynamikkene i fengsel? Kapittelet forsøker å svare på disse spørsmålene ved å gjennomgå nylig norsk og internasjonal forskning. Forskningsgjennomgangen viser at: ca. 30 prosent av norske innsatte bruker rusmidler under soning; cannabis er det mest brukte rusmidlet; det er relativt utbredt at personer som bruker rusmidler før de fengsles slutter med det under soning; det er veldig sjeldent at personer debuterer med rusmidler i fengsel; personer som oppgir å bruke rusmidler i fengsel har ofte hatt et hyppig og relativt alvorlig rusbruksmønster før soning; det er vanlig å endre typen rusmidler man bruker når man sitter inne; og rusmidler blir ikke bare solgt, men også delt, i fengsel.
REFLEXÕES EPISTEMOLÓGICAS SOBRE GUERRAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS E A POLÍTICA DE AQUISIÇÕES DE DEFESA NO BRASIL SOB A PERSPECTIVA DO ADVOCACY COALITION FRAMEWORK (ACF)
Authors: Boeno Maico Russiano de Souza , Botino Vinícius Severo , Aguiar Julio Cesar de
Published: January 2025

Este artigo examinou a eficácia teórica da política pública de aquisições de defesa no Brasil, particularmente no contexto dos desafios multifacetados impostos pelas inúmeras guerras e conflitos surgidos nos últimos anos. Para atingir esse objetivo, foi utilizada uma abordagem metodológica que combinou reflexões epistemológicas sobre a natureza e as características das disputas clássicas e modernas com os elementos constitutivos da teoria Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). Essa abordagem permitiu investigar de forma organizada as crenças, estratégias e objetivos das coalizões envolvidas nos processos de formulação e implementação dessa política crucial. Os resultados revelaram uma coerência significativa entre os elementos constitutivos das coalizões, sugerindo a robustez conceitual da política pública vigente no enfrentamento dos principais desafios de defesa contemporâneos. Consequentemente, este estudo contribui para o campo das políticas públicas ao destacar a relevância do alinhamento das coalizões no processo de construção de políticas públicas que respondam a contextos complexos, como as demandas por segurança. As conclusões reafirmam a necessidade crítica de estabelecer e manter esse alinhamento para a elaboração de soluções teoricamente eficazes para os problemas públicos.
Ensuring Fire Safety at Industrial Facilities in accordance with the Legislation of the Russian Empire in the 19th — beginning of the 20th century
Authors:   The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Kovaleva N.V. ,   The State University of Management, Zozulya A.A. ,   Saint-Petersburg University of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: January 2025

An attempt to generalize and systematize the practices of regulatory management to ensure fire safety at industrial facilities during the period of active development of industrial production in Russia from the 19th — to the beginning of the 20th century has been made. The role of technical and legal norms in the system of management of such relationships that must ensure the necessary specification of firefighting requirements has been marked. Based on the analysis of a significant amount of historical and legal documents, a classification of regulatory provisions determining fire safety requirements at industrial facilities by the criteria of their action, i.e., general, specific, or industrial, is proposed. The codification of the Russian legislation carried out in the first half of the 19th century did not result in the systematization of fire safety rules at industrial facilities. The basic industrial laws contained mainly blanket or referential norms as to the firefighting requirements at industrial facilities; their abstract stipulation required a specification, considering the peculiarities of production activities. Therefore, a significant amount of the respective technical and legal norms was implemented in various rules and instructions determining procedures of certain types of jobs. The analysis of such documents helped to determine the main fields of fire safety legal management: requirements for the elimination of circumstances directly conditioning the occurrence of uncontrolled combustion; regulatory provisions aiming to provide conditions for efficient localization and elimination of fires; rules to ensure evacuation of personnel to safe locations; requirements to minimize adverse consequences and potential ignition during process operations at production. The specification of legal management allowed for the development of mechanisms to protect the rights of employees by formulating a measure of work behavior for all participants of such violations, including owners of plants of factories, to ensure fire safety. The necessity of further investigation of legal management practices of a given period as well as fields and methods of systematization of multiple fire safety requirements that can help to identify vectors for the improvement of the contemporary legislation system as to ensuring fire safety in industrial facilities is under substantiation.
Optimisation of α-Amylase and Amyloglucosidase Enzyme Concentration on Glucose Syrup Characteristics from Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L var. Antin 2)
Authors: Sukamto  , Cahya Octaviani Eka , Sudiyono  , Suprihana
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the impact of α-amylase and amyloglucosidase enzyme concentrations on purple sweet potato glucose syrup production. The results demonstrated that higher α-amylase levels enhanced total dissolved solids and reduced sugar content during liquefaction, while an optimal amyloglucosidase concentration of 0.8 mL/kg maximized yield and reduced sugar content during saccharification. The resulting syrup exhibited high antioxidant activity and adjustable viscosity. Enzymatic hydrolysis using amyloglucosidase proved superior to acid hydrolysis in producing high-quality glucose syrup. Purple sweet potato glucose syrup emerges as a promising functional natural sweetener with potential health benefits and commercial value.
Association of First-Trimester Low PAPP-A Levels (<0.2 MoM) with Maternal and Fetal Outcomes
Authors: Masihi Sara , Amirgholami Bahar , Nourian Bahare , Zamani Behbahani Shabnam , Khezri Mahda , Javid Fatemeh
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: First-trimester screening is routinely performed globally to detect chromosomal abnormalities using non-invasive methods such as nuchal translucency (NT) measurements, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG). Recent studies have highlighted that low PAPP-A levels may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and pre-term delivery. Generally, low PAPP-A is defined as below 0.4 multiples of the median (MoM) or under the 5th percentile. However, extremely low PAPP-A, defined as levels below 0.2 MoM or under the 1st percentile, significantly increases the risk of adverse outcomes. This category has received less attention in research. Our study aims to investigate the correlation between PAPP-A levels below 0.2 MoM and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 10,256 pregnant women who underwent first-trimester screening at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz between January 2010 and April 2024. PAPP-A and β-hCG levels were measured, and factors such as maternal age, weight, parity, and abortion history were assessed. Data were obtained using the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) software and medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.
Results: Out of 10,256 pregnancies, 6,040 (6.4%) had PAPP-A levels below the 5th percentile, while 45 women had PAPP-A levels below 0.2 MoM. The average age of these women was 30.4 ± 4.812 years. Among those with PAPP-A < 0.2 MoM, 2.2% had trisomy 21, 6.7% had IUGR, 26.7% experienced gestational hypertension, and 15.6% developed pre-eclampsia. Trisomies 13 and 18 were not observed in the study population.
Conclusions: Pregnant women with PAPP-A levels below 0.2 MoM showed increased incidences of trisomy 21, pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, and IUGR. Although low PAPP-A appears to contribute to both maternal and fetal complications, it cannot be used independently to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further large-scale studies are required to better understand the implications of extremely low PAPP-A on pregnancy outcomes.
Development of blended learning media on similarity and congruence topics
Authors: Ismet Ismet , Yerizon Yerizon , Fauzan Ahmad , Asmar Ali
Published: January 2025

Background:  The integration of technology in education has become increasingly important in enhancing student engagement. Mathematics, as a foundational subject, often requires innovative approaches to improve students' problem-solving skills and conceptual understanding. Blended learning combines traditional and digital methods, offering a flexible and effective solution for teaching complex mathematical topics.Aim: This research aims to develop valid, practical, and effective learning media for teaching the topics of similarity and congruence, enabling students to better understand these mathematical concepts. The media is designed based on the Blended Learning approach.Method: The development process follows the Plomp model, which consists of three stages: (1) the initial investigation stage to identify needs and context, (2) the product development stage where the media is designed and refined, and (3) the assessment stage to evaluate its validity, practicality, and effectiveness.Results: The developed learning media was validated with a validity score of 86.99, categorized as very valid. It also achieved a practicality score of 87.01, indicating it is very practical, and an effectiveness score of 83.33, categorized as effective.Conclusion: Blended Learning-based media for teaching similarity and congruence is a valid, practical, and effective tool that can enhance students' understanding of the topics.
Integrating ethnomathematics into a transformation geometry module to enhance self-efficacy
Authors: Bela Maria Editha , Wewe Melkior
Published: January 2025

Background: Improving self-efficacy is essential for student success in mathematics, especially in complex topics like transformation geometry. Incorporating ethnomathematics into instructional modules provides a meaningful connection between mathematical concepts and cultural contexts, which can enhance student engagement and confidence.Aim: This research focuses on developing a teaching module grounded in ethnomathematics to foster self-efficacy among Class XI high school students in transformation geometry. The study also evaluates the module's validity and practicality.Method: Using the ADDIE framework (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate) within a Research and Development (R&D) approach, the study utilized expert validation sheets to assess content and design quality. Practicality was measured through teacher and student feedback collected via questionnaires. Data were analyzed through qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods.Results: Expert reviews on content and design yielded an average score of 86, indicating the module's strong validity. Feedback from teachers and students produced an average score of 85.72, demonstrating the module's high level of practicality.Conclusion: The ethnomathematics-based module is validated as both effective and practical, making it a valuable resource for improving self-efficacy in transformation geometry.
Gene pool of the Ural-Volga region: genetic history of mordovia’s population based on the Y-chromosomal haplogroup N3a1-Y23475 phylogeography
Authors: Agdzhoyan AT , Adamov DS , Potanina AYu , Voronina MM , Gorin IO , Shtrunov-Shlykov AG , Koshel SM , Balanovska EV , Ponomarev GYu
Published: January 2025

It has been shown that Y-haplogroup N3a1-B211 is common in the Finnish-speaking peoples of the Ural-Volga region. The study aimed to investigate gene geography and phylogeography of the westernmost variant of this haplogroup: the N3a1-Y23475 branch. Comprehensive genotyping of 395 haplogroup N3a1-B211 carriers from 29 populations of Eastern Europe, Ural-Volga region, and Siberia revealed 78 carriers of its western branch reaching its maximum frequency in Mordovia’s populations (8% in Moksha, 9% in Erzya, 25% in Tengushevsky Erzya-Shoksha). Low N3a1-Y23475 frequencies in the Turkic-speaking and Slavic populations suggest the role of the Finnish-speaking substrate in their gene pools. According to the phylogenetic analysis data, the N3a1-Y23475 branch emerged 2.3–2.7 thousand years ago, but active accumulation of its current diversity took place mainly in the populations of Mordovia during the last millennium. We performed DNA genotyping in 74 haplogoup N3a1-Y23475 carriers using the 37 Y-STR panel. The Y-STR haplotype phylogenetic network created suggests two periods of population growth in ancestors of Mordovia’s indigenous population: about 1000 years ago in the populations of proto-Erzya and proto-Shoksha, about 500 years ago in the populations of Moksha and Shoksha. The fact of finding haplogroup N3a1-Y23475 in the Northern and Southern Altaians requires further research. Position of Northern Altaians-Kumandins in the phylogenetic network presumably reflects migration of Mordovia’s population to Altai in the 19th–20th centuries. The age estimates reported for Southern Altaians-Telengits can indicate the association with the haplogroup N3a1 ancestral homeland in South Siberia before resettlement of its ancient carriers in the Ural-Volga region about 1.7 thousand years ago.
Adoption and use of SATO pan for health promotion in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Theogene Rutambuka , Wibowo Kunto Adi
Published: January 2025

Background: The lack of proper sanitation facilities, including toilets, creates a barrier to fulfilling sanitation needs. Rwanda also experiences challenges in sanitation whereby many citizens use traditional toilets. With its innovative design, the SATO Pan toilet has the potential to address the sanitation challenges many communities face. Few studies on SATO Pans have been conducted in some countries. However, among reviewed studies, no research has been identified in Rwanda as the milestone demonstrating the efficiency and quality of the SATO Pan, its impact on sanitation issues, and contribution to improving sanitation and promoting health practices in Kigali City. Purpose: This research aimed to explore the potential factors for the widespread adoption and use of the SATO Pan toilet and to provide a comprehensive analysis of its efficiency and easy use among Rwanda communities in the City of Kigali. Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire, and 109 respondents were selected based on a purposive sampling technique. The UTAUT 2 Model was used to assess its efficiency and ease of use. The Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEMM) method was used for data analysis with the SmartPLS 3. Results: The findings demonstrated that, among the hypotheses tested, Behavioural Intention influences Usage Behaviour, Effort Expectancy significantly influences Behavioural Intention, and Habit significantly influences Behavioural Intention. Conclusion: SATO Pan can considerably improve community sanitation and promote health initiatives through innovative design and use. Implications: The SATO Pan’s adoption and use bring about significant sanitation practices to promote hygiene and health practices. Due to the hygienic and comfortable toilet options, the SATO Pan can often overcome the undesirable effects of traditional open-pit toilets.
Pengaruh Rasa Memiliki, Komunikasi, dan Kerjasama Tim terhadap Kinerja Anggota Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa PSRM Simo Budi Utomo
Authors: Zulfian Zola , Widhianingrum Wahna , Widhianingrum Wahna , Setyawan Fery , Setyawan Fery
Published: January 2025

Ketika anggota merasa mereka adalah bagian dari organisasi, mereka lebih termotivasi untuk berkontribusi secara maksimal, komunikasi yang baik sangat penting untuk memastikan informasi tersampaikan dengan jelas dan tepat waktu. Anggota yang bekerja dalam tim seringkali merasa lebih termotivasi dan didukung oleh rekan-rekan mereka, yang membantu meningkatkan kinerja individu dan tim secara keseluruhan. Hal ini memungkinkan anggota memahami tugas mereka dan bagaimana mereka harus melaksanakannya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh Pengurus dan Anggota di UKM PSRM Simo Budi Utomo pada periode 2020-2023 yang  berjumlah 40 orang yang juga digunakan sebagai sampel, Variabel bebas (independen)  (X1) Rasa Memiliki, (X2) Komunikasi, dan (X3) Kerjasama Tim terhadap Variabel dependen (terikat) (Y) Kinerja Anggota dengan metode analisis data Uji Instrumen. menunjukkan bahwa nilai F hitung 23,482 F tabel 2,86 dan Sig. sebesar 0,000. Hasil tersebut berarti ketiga variabel bebas meliputi Rasa Memiliki (X1), Komunikasi (X2), Kerjasama Tim (X3) secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap variabel terikat.
Negative dysphotopsia after cataract surgery – a problem that exists
Authors: Jezierski Marcin , Dobrowolski Piotr
Published: January 2025

The aim of this review is to present the most recent knowledge, based on available references, about the problem of negative dysphotopsias, which occur after cataract surgeries. It seems however, despite being quite frequent when taking into account the number of cataract excisions, it lacks common knowledge. Up to this day, the principle of the symptom has a lot of unknowns. Surgical and non-surgical solutions used in cases of unacceptable levels of patient symptoms will be discussed.
Management of ocular surface disorders according to the guidelines of the Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop (DEWSII) Report
Authors: Woźniak Piotr A. , Krzywicki Piotr , Szaflik Marta
Published: January 2025

Ocular surface disorders, including dry eye disease, affect 5–50% of the population, with prevalence increasing with age, especially among women. Symptoms such as dryness, burning, and eye fatigue significantly reduce quality of life. The tear film consists of aqueous-mucin and lipid fractions, providing protection and hydration for the eye. Meibomian gland dysfunction, which disrupts the lipid layer, accounts for most cases of dry eye disease by causing excessive tear evaporation. A modern approach to ocular surface disorder therapy, combining pharmacotherapy, neuromodulation, and advanced technologies, may relieve daily chronic eye pain.
Aproximación a una educación en el valor de lo afro en los cuentos La Muñeca negra de Mary Grueso Romero y Cuentos de Olofi de Teresa Cárdenas Angulo
Authors: N’DRIN Ozoukouo Léa
Published: January 2025

The aim of this work, through comparatism and the sociology of literature, is to show that the children's and young people's stories by Mary Grueso Romero and Teresa Cárdenas Angulo reveal the writers' commitment. Their commitment is to prepare the children of their communities to face the reality of being black in Latina America and to educate them to value Afro culture, becoming aware that not everything related to African origin is negative, as they are led to believe, but that it constitutes a source of affirmation of their identities.
Woman and her Condition in the Short Stories of Rabindranath Tagore, and Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hussain
Authors: AMAR Shruti
Published: January 2025

In many of his letters and interviews Rabindranath Tagore confesses that he started writing short stories under the influence of the village folktales popular in rural Bengal. Like many authors of the period, though, he represents the condition of the woman in many of these stories. Short stories of Tagore, such as The Hungry Stone and Jibit or Mrit, particularly look at the women of the period. Similarly, Begum Rokeya portrays through her writing the condition of the nineteenth-century Indian woman. Countering the western notions of reform, she locates the idea of womanhood within the local boundaries. Disrupting the ‘norms’, she goes on to represent the nineteenth-century Bengali woman as ‘free’ and ‘enlightened’. I will look at the short stories of these two authors and will examine the representation of the female anxiety in their texts.
Discursos, acciones feministas y cambios sociales: caso de Isabel la Católica en España y Aminetu Haidar en Sáhara Occidental
Authors: KOUAMÉ Prudence
Published: January 2025

In the past, many women, in addition to their role as wives, mothers and housewives, have carried the weight of families and the management of society as a whole. In the case in point, Isabel la Católica and Aminetu Haidar are two specific examples Isabel la Católica is dedicated to actions for the progress of her people; Aminetu Haidar, through speeches, has decided to fight for her voice to be heard and to participate in the education of young people so that they are no longer subjected to the afflictions of politicians. Thus, this research aims to reveal the role of both women so that the next generation will follow in their footsteps
Hermeneutical Reflections on the Human Condition as Established in Quranic Chapters Al ‘Asr “Time” and At-Tin “The Fig”, Informed by Inspirations from Exegete Said Nursi, in Light of Man’s Accountability in this World
Authors: DUYMUN-DEMIRTAŞ Naailah
Published: January 2025

This philosophical article is located at the intersection of hermeneutics and literary analysis. Scriptures and exegeses have been studied as literature for a long time (Berlin, 2016). The premise is that the Quran is a literary text and so is the exegesis the Risale-i Nur (Nursi & Vahide, 1995; Nursi, 2005) which is a contemporary interpretation of the Quran, relevant to this discussion. The article presents a textual analysis and a discussion of general human condition in light of key verses from two surahs/chapters from the Quran, supported by interpretation and further explanation from selected thoughts of the Risale-i Nur (The Treatise of Light) (Nursi & Vahide, 1995; Nursi, 2005) and selected Hadiths/the Prophetic Traditions. The discussion leads to a synthesis where the extent of man’s accountability in life and in this world is presented primarily in light of Nursi’s interpretation. While weighing the impact of man’s actions and the degree of his responsibility in his personal and social life, the article concludes by affirming the wisdom of surah Asr “Time” (Quran:103) in positioning the human as a contingent being who is at the mercy of a Higher Being who is in control of everything while sustaining man. The article showcases the condition of man as a state of ‘loss’ which is two-fold. Firstly, it is in terms of man’s contribution to generating a lost society that is ravaged by man’s egocentric actions, which may result in frustration, conflict, wars, economic and political turmoil, general chaos, and fear, among others. Secondly, it involves man’s inability to deal with setbacks and calamities triggered by natural phenomena, which include diseases and other problems. Unless man remains patient, resilient, and submitted to the Higher Being, he cannot cope with and deal with these issues in his life. Thus, once he relies on the Higher Being and does not complain, man confirms the verses in surah At-Tin “The Fig” (Quran: 95), that states that man is of “best of stature”, as God intended him to be. It is only patience in adversity, belief and trust in God, and gratitude that bring solace to man’s condition.
Future Cash Flow Prediction Model with Accounting Conservatism as Moderating
Authors: Burrohman Muji , M. Helmi Syarif , Hernawan Hernawan
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze whether operating cash flows, net income, and revenue influence future cash flows and examine whether accounting conservatism moderates the effect of operating cash flows, net income, and income on future cash flows. The sample in this study were companies listed on the Kompas100 index of the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2020 period. The sample includes 320 company financial statements, which were obtained using purposive sampling method. This study uses multiple linear regression models to test the ability of operating cash flows, net income, and revenue in predicting future cash flows with accounting conservatism as a moderating variable. The test results show that operating cash flows and net income have a significant effect on future cash flows. This study also shows that revenue has no effect on future cash flows. In this study, accounting conservatism has an effect in moderating the relationship between operating cash flows, net income, and revenue in predicting future cash flows.
EVALUASI EFEKTIVITAS TATA KELOLA SAMPAH DI TEMPAT PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH TERPADU (TPST) TOSS CENTER GEMA SANTI KABUPATEN KLUNGKUNG
Authors: Bharata Wicaksana A. A. Gede Agung , Diara I Wayan , Adnyana Ida Bagus Windia
Published: January 2025

Despite various national and regional waste management efforts, the outcomes remain suboptimal, particularly in facilities like TPST and TPS3R. This study evaluates the effectiveness of waste management at TPST TOSS Center Gema Santi in meeting the 2025 JAKSTRADA targets, focusing on waste reduction and handling, cost-benefit analysis (CBA), and human resource (HR) competencies. From January 2023 to April 2024, the facility achieved a combined waste reduction and handling rate of only 15.7%, with a ZWI score of 0.11 in 2023 and 0.06 from January to April 2024. The CBA for the same period showed a BCR of 0.23 and a net value of -Rp1,293,846,839. HR competency was found to be strong in terms of knowledge, attitude, and practice. In conclusion, TPST TOSS Center Gema Santi has not met the 2025 JAKSTRADA targets of 30% waste reduction and 70% waste handling, primarily due to operational inefficiencies where costs outweigh benefits. However, the strong HR competencies suggest potential for improvement. Key recommendations include strengthening waste management policies, promoting waste sorting at the source, fostering collaboration with stakeholders, adopting automated technologies for operations, and providing continuous training to enhance HR capacity.
Keywords: TPST; Evaluation; Waste management effectiveness; HR Competency
ANALISIS DAYA DUKUNG EKOWISATA HUTAN PINUS GLAGALINGGAH KECAMATAN KINTAMANI KABUPATEN BANGLI PROVINSI BALI
Authors: Widyartha Made Maha , Adnyana I Wayan Sandi , Astarini Ida Ayu
Published: January 2025

Glagalinggah Pine Forest Ecotourism is a tourist destination with its own uniqueness and characteristics in Kintamani District. The purpose of this study was to determine the ecological carrying capacity in Glagalinggah Pine Forest Ecotourism. The method used is the Cifuentes method. The calculation of carrying capacity is based on the vegetation factor that currently exists in Glagalinggah Pine Forest. The Shanon Wiener Biodiversity Index (H`) for vegetation was obtained at 0.81, which means that the diversity in the area is relatively low because there are only 3 dominant species, namely pine, puspa and kacretan. The results of the environmental carrying capacity assessment obtained environmental carrying capacity values, namely physical carrying capacity of 4,773 people/day, real carrying capacity of 649 people/day, and effective carrying capacity of 568 people/day. The level of perception of tourists and managers has a good number of scores. Currently, the number of tourists entering the Glagalinggah Pine Forest is 30 people/day, which is still below the effective carrying capacity threshold, so that tourist visits can still be increased while maintaining the sustainability of the forest.
Keywords: Ecotourism; vegetation structure; perception; carrying capacity
KEANEKARAGAMAN EPIFAUNA DI HUTAN MANGROVE TELUK GILIMANUK, BALI
Authors: Jannah Andita Nur , Ernawati Ni Made , Wiweka Krisna Dewi Ayu Putu
Published: January 2025

The intertidal zone is a unique coastal region, between the highest and lowest tide lines, experiencing submergence during high tide and exposure as land during low tide. This condition creates a dynamic habitat with high biodiversity. This study evaluates the diversity and abundance of Gastropods in the intertidal zone of Gilimanuk Bay, which faces pressure from human activities such as fisheries, energy, and tourism. The research was conducted in September-November 2023. Epifaunal sampling was carried out using the 2m x 2m quadrat transect method at 16 stations. At each station, 5 quadrat transects were sampled. The results showed that 29 species from 14 epifaunal families were found in Gilimanuk Bay, with the Shannon-Wiener diversity index indicating a moderate category (2.26-0.79). The evenness index varied between stations, while the dominance index indicated no dominant species. This study emphasizes the importance of conservation and management of natural resources to maintain the diversity and stability of the Gilimanuk Bay ecosystem.
 
Keywords: Ecosystem; Epifauna; Diversity; Gilimanuk Bay
Application of Foliar Fertilizer and Different Substrates on the Growth of Mouriri Guianensis aubl. Seedlings for use in the Ecological Restoration of the Mato Grosso Pantanal
Authors: Silva Elisangela Francisca Da , Nunes Josué Ribeiro Da Silva , Fernandez José Ricardo Castrillon , Morais Fernando Ferreira De , Nacanishi Ellen Cristina Magalhães , Castrillon Solange Kimie Ikeda
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different substrates and the use of foliar fertilizer on the growth of M. guianensis seedlings in nursery conditions in order to indicate the ideal one for their development.
 
Method: Three types of substrate were used: 100% black soil (TP); 100% soil from the area where the species occurs (TO); 100% Vivatto® commercial substrate (CS). A 2x3 factorial experimental design was adopted. Finally, the parameters used to assess the growth of the seedlings were: height of the aerial part (H), diameter of the neck (DC) and number of leaves of each seedling (NF).
 
Results and conclusion: The results obtained showed significant differences in the characteristics of height and number of leaves in Mouriri guianensis seedlings, with the 100% Vivatto® commercial substrate treatment. There were no significant differences in the use of foliar fertilizer.
 
Implications of the research: The Mouriri guianensis species is extremely important as it provides food for fish and birds, has medicinal uses and is recommended for recovering degraded areas. It is therefore important to obtain information on its production, as well as to assess the quality of the seedlings in alternative substrates.
 
Originality/value: describe the study's contribution to the advancement of science in the field and/or socio-environmental management practices in organizations, in line with the scope of the RGSA.
El aprendizaje en el puesto de trabajo y la gestión del conocimiento en la Administración pública catalana
Authors: Murillo-Pedrosa Lourdes
Published: January 2025

Objetivos: el presente monográfico trata de describir los principales resultados de una investigación realizada en el ámbito de la Administración pública catalana. La finalidad de esta investigación se centra en analizar los mecanismos y modelos de aprendizaje en los puestos de trabajo en el Departamento de Justicia y Calidad Democrática y el Departamento de Derechos Sociales e Inclusión. Metodología: lo relevante de este artículo reside en su carácter asesor. Resultados: de la tesis doctoral se pretende poner en valor el modelo de mejora (fase IV) y las diferentes propuestas (lecciones aprendidas) que plantearon los participantes, para visibilizar aquellos aspectos que necesitan una modificación urgente y para poder acompañar a las instituciones públicas en su proceso de transformación hacia una organización que aprende con el diseño de una herramienta técnica. Conclusiones: el análisis de esta tesis ha permitido que se pudiera acceder a las futuras líneas de investigación, profundizar en la exploración documental, identificar los autores referentes y los nuevos tópicos, además de poder realizar un estudio previo sobre el estado de la cuestión, para proseguir con la fase aplicada, es decir, con el diseño de los instrumentos de recogida de información, así como la presentación de los resultados que se obtengan.
Sentiment Analysis in Arabic Text and Emoji Using Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Nasrallah Taraf Suhad , T. Sadiq Ahmed
Published: January 2025

The advent of social media has simplified the rapid publishing of explanations on inclusive announcements, movies, politics, and the economy. This growth has led to an increase in the breadth of topics covered. This emotion analysis includes many aspects. Arabic and OMCD survey big data were integrated with data from Twitter to inform this study. Different word embedding methods were implemented, such as Spacy (W2V), FastText, and Arabic Bidirectional Encoder Representation (AraBERT). In the context of sentiment analysis models, convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and recurrent neural network (RNN) were employed. The evaluation of model performance was based on accuracy. Deep learning (DL) methods using the AST (Arabic sentiment Twitter) dataset yielded 72% and 95% model accuracy rates. The accuracy rates for the OMCD (Offensive Moroccan Comments Dataset) is a dataset containing offensive comments in the Moroccan dialect. dataset fell within the range of 54% to 84%.
Effectiveness of pulmonary function test as elective module among undergraduate medical students
Authors: Chowdhury Debanjana , Datta Arunima
Published: January 2025

Objectives:

We selected pulmonary function test (PFT), a widely used investigation for diagnosis and monitoring of patients having respiratory complaints in Block I (preclinical) Physiology as an elective module since exposure of undergraduate medical students to PFT is inadequate in formal medical training. The elective module in medical curriculum was introduced by national medical commission (NMC) to provide ample opportunity to the students to opt for any course of their choice not covered by traditional syllabus. This will help them to enhance their knowledge, skill, lateral thinking, creativity, experiential learning, communication ability, team-based collaborative learning thus developing their personal and professional confidence in dealing with resource-limited unfavorable circumstances. Hence we introduced this elective to sensitize the future physicians about the importance of PFT, attract their interest in the subject of Physiology and motivate them to choose Physiology as a career preference.

Materials and Methods:

A quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Department of Physiology to create a time-bound activity schedule on the implementation of PFT as an elective module on 32 Phase III part I M.B.B.S students. We assessed the improvement in knowledge and skill by comparing pre-test and post-test results. We have used the Kirkpatrick evaluation model Level 1 to record the reaction of the students and Level 2 to evaluate their confidence regarding PFT after the course. Thematic analysis was performed on the perception and feedback of students and faculties.

Results:

We observed that all 32 participating students showed statistically significant (P < 0.0001) improvement in both knowledge gain and skill development. This course helped them increase their confidence to perform PFT independently on patients, interpreting reports, diagnosing various respiratory diseases and enabling them to apply this knowledge to manage the clinical cases in the hospital wards and in the emergency department. Thematic analysis of responses of students pointed out the strengths, weaknesses and suggestions for betterment of the module. The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities,Threats) analysis of the perception of faculties guided us to devise a modified framework for the implementation of the PFT module in the future.

Conclusion:

The elective module on PFT was implemented successfully in our institution with a positive impact on students, assisting them to progress from basic comprehension of the physiology of lung mechanics to independent interpretation of PFT reports to utilising PFT in clinical reasoning and decision-making.
Modulatory effect of quercetin on aspirin-induced hepatoxicity in Wistar rats
Authors: Akingbade Modupe Adebanji , Adegoke-Kehinde Olamide , Faeji Charles Oluwafemi , Fasoro Ayodeji
Published: January 2025

Objectives:

Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug medication. Aspirin has been shown to have a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as antipyretic, antiplatelet and analgesic effects. Although there is little known about how aspirin causes hepatotoxicity at the cellular level, this does happen and there is a need to look into some hepatoprotective remedies. The aim of this study was to assess how quercetin (QE) affects aspirin-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-five male adult Wistar rats divided into seven experimental groups were used in this study. These groups received different treatments: Some were given varying concentrations of QE (30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg), while others received aspirin (50 mg/kg). In addition, there were control groups that did not receive either aspirin or QE, with normal saline and corn oil being administered instead. The administration of treatments lasted for 30 days, after which the experiment was concluded, and the rats’ livers were removed for histological examination. Simultaneously, blood serum samples were collected for the biochemical analysis of liver enzyme markers. The level of significance was set at 0.05, and the data collected was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 29.

Results:

It was found that aspirin increased the level of liver enzyme markers in the serum after 30 days of administration resulting from damage to the liver cells, this effect was most significant at an aspirin concentration of 50 mg/kg and QE at a concentration of 60 mg/kg was most effective in exhibiting hepatoprotective potentials.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that aspirin 50 mg/kg could be hepatotoxic due to the lessening of antioxidant effects, and QE has a modulating effect on aspirin-induced toxicity.
METHODS OF ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCEMETRY FOR NONINVASIVE CONTROL OF THE BODY CONDITION
Authors:   Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus, Bashun N. Z. , Bogdan V. G. ,   National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
Published: January 2025

The article discusses various methods of electrical impedance measurement (bioimpedance analysis, bioimpedance spectrometry, bioimpedance vector analysis, segmental bioimpedance analysis method, multifrequency bioimpedance, local bioimpedance analysis, electrical impedance tomography) with regard to the application both in biological experiments and medical practice as non-invasive research methods and as an alternative to more labor-intensive invasive ones, which allow information to be obtained without inducing changes in the body or the risk of complications. The potential application of some methods of bioimpedance analysis in a clinical setting are listed. Reasonable application of this method implies knowledge and consideration of the relationships between body composition and electrophysical properties of each segment, both in norm and pathology based on an assessment of the energy status of the body in order to achieve treatment efficiency, to improve the prognosis, effectiveness and diagnostic accuracy.