bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scham und psychotische Erstarrung
Authors: Hering Wolfgang
Published: September 2021

In einer Skizze zur Scham werden die bedrohliche und die identitätssichernde Seite des Affekts gezeigt. Danach wird die Wirksamkeit der Scham innerhalb der zwei psychotischen Syndrome Schizophrenie und schizoaffektive Störung diskutiert, mit dem Ergebnis, dass Schamerleben Menschen mit schizophrener Erkrankung nicht zugänglich ist. Vor allem drei Gründe werden dafür angeführt: Scham geht mit der Vorstellung von Entblößung einher, was die Fähigkeit zu symbolisieren impliziert, die bei Schizophreniepatienten gewöhnlich nur rudimentär ist; die Selbst-Objekt-Differenzierung ist ungenügend, sodass nicht ausreichend zwischen sich und einem beschämenden Anderen unterschieden wird; insbesondere kann die Heftigkeit des Schamaffekts die psychotische Fragmentierung betreiben. Schizophrene Patienten ›verlernen‹ aus Gründen der inneren Sicherheit das Schamerleben, indem sie den Affekt ›vereisen‹. Dieser Prozess sichert die psychotische Erstarrung als Schutz gegen die Panik der Auflösung des Selbst ab. Vignetten unterstützen die Hypothesen.
Heimweh – Verschickungskinder erzählen
Authors: Röhl Anja
Published: September 2021

Über Jahrzehnte wurde nicht darüber gesprochen, was sich hinter verschlossenen Türen in sogenannten Kinderkur- und Erholungsheimen abspielte. Dabei wurden nach 1945 bis in die 1990er Jahre rund acht bis zwölf Millionen Kinder verschickt. Viele von ihnen kamen gedemütigt, misshandelt und traumatisiert zurück. Nun brechen sie ihr Schweigen. Ihre Geschichten sind detailreich, unsentimental und intensiv, sie bestechen durch ihre Unmittelbarkeit.

Anja Röhl hat mit 23 Verschickungskindern gesprochen und ihre Erzählungen aufgeschrieben. Sie gibt damit den Menschen eine Stimme, denen als Kind nicht zugehört wurde.
Das gefühlte Selbst
Authors: Plassmann Reinhard
Published: September 2021

Ausgehend von den Ergebnissen der Säuglingsforschung und der Neurobiologie zeigt Reinhard Plassmann, dass die Entstehung des Selbst ein primär emotionaler Prozess ist. Das Selbst eines Menschen, der Kern seiner Persönlichkeit, wird lebenslang durch Selbstemotionen integriert, organisiert, dadurch entsteht seelisches Wachstum. Das auf diesen Grundlagen entwickelte Transformationsmodell ermöglicht auf innovative Weise ein neues, sehr plausibles Verständnis, wie Emotionen an Persönlichkeitsentwicklung und Krankheitsentstehung beteiligt sind.

Im Praxisteil verdeutlicht Plassmann anhand zahlreicher ausführlicher Fallbeispiele, dass Brüche im Selbst und Verarmungen des Selbstkontaktes einen wesentlichen Anteil an der Entstehung psychischer und psychosomatischer Krankheiten haben. Er veranschaulicht, wie die emotionalen Vorgänge im Selbst in der Psychotherapie zugänglich werden und wie mit Emotionen systematisch gearbeitet werden kann. Am Beispiel von depressiven Erkrankungen, Borderline-Störungen, Schmerzerkrankungen und Autoimmunerkrankungen wird dies plastisch und detailliert dargestellt.
THE SCENARIO OF ACADEMIC STOMATHERAPY LEAGUES IN BRAZIL
Authors: Alvarez Adriana Bispo , Alves Cícera Clareliz Gomes , Cavalcante Viviane Mamede Vasconcelos
Published: September 2021

The search for deepening in specific areas has grown substantially in professional training, in order to investigate and share knowledge, together with active participation in practical activities, in order to preserve the inseparability of the teaching-research-extension tripod1 . Through this perception, strategies were adopted that promote immersion and articulation of knowledge between theory and practice, through the creation of Academic Leagues (AL), which consist of organizations characterized by their own statute, exempt from profit, composed of academics and oriented by professionals who are members of certain institutions, in an extracurricular manner.
Study of triclabendazole effects on Fasciola hepatica’s life-supporting organs, spines and suckers responsible for stable position of the parasite in the host
Authors: Bibik O. I. , Arkhipov I. A.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the research is to study triclabendazole effects on the Fasciola’s life-supporting organs, spines and suckers which are responsible for stable position of the parasite in the host.

Materials and methods. The study material was trematodes Fasciola hepatica (Linneus 1758, family Fasciolidae Railliet 1895), which were collected after the action of triclabendazole (fasinex) (chemically 5-chloro-6-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)-2-methylthiobenzimidazole)on the 7th day after the drug administered at a single dose of 10 mg/kg for the Active Substance in the treatment of ovine fasciolosis. F. hepatica from untreated animals served as control. Mature F. hepatica collected after treatment with triclabendazole, and marita from the control groups were dehydrated in ascending alcohol series for 1–2 days after fixation; then passed through a mixture of chloroform and absolute alcohol (in a ratio of 1:1), and through pure chloroform in two portions for 10–15 minutes. The material was then soaked in a mushy mixture of chloroform and paraffin in a thermostat at 37 °C for 12–18 hours, and in paraffin in a thermostat at 56 °C for 30–45 minutes; and then embedded in paraffin with added wax. The resulting paraffin blocks were broken down into serial sections of 5–7 μm thick, then stained and examined under a light microscope.

Results and discussion. Pathomicromorphological analysis of F. hepatica’s spines and suckers, organs that come into adhesive contact with the host organism revealed destructive changes in them after the action of triclabendazole. After the action of triclabendazole on fascioles, the spines look enlarged and swollen, and have a more rounded shape and some changes in color, absorbing eosin in greater concentration. The muscle fibers of the fascioles’ oral and abdominal suckers also look swollen after the action of triclabendazole. Although the musculature of the F. hepatica’s pharynx retained its structure, it has changes. It thickened sharply, which is clearly visible on the transverse and longitudinal sections of the helminths; neurosecretory cells are destroyed, and voids are observed in their place.
Etika Ekonomi Islam dalam Surat An-Nahl : 90
Authors: Mutmainah Iin
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji dan memahami secara lebih mendalam tentang etika ekonomi yang terdapat dalam surat an-Nahl ayat 90. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan metode penafsiran penafsiran tahlili (analitik). Hasil penelitian ini adalah etika ekonomi Islam dalam surat Surat an-Nahl Ayat 90 adalah keadilan, kebaikan dan saling tolong- menolong, sebaliknya merupakan bentuk pelanggaran etika adalah berbuat dzolim dengan cara melakukan perbuatan keji, kemungkaran, dan permusuhan dalam kegiatan perekonomian yang menimbulkan kerusakan (mafsadat atau mudhorot) bagi manusia
Kebakaran Hutan Indonesia dan Upaya Penanggulangannya
Authors: Rahimah
Published: September 2021

Kebakaran hutan ialah bencana yang kerap terjadi di negara Indonesia pada musim kering atau kemarau. Kebakaran ini sangat merugikan di berbagai sektor kehidupan masyarakat. Misalnya berdampak di sektor kesehatan, ekologi, ekonomi dan sosial. Dari hal demikian perlu adanya upaya dan cara penanggulangannya agar kebakaran ini bisa teratasi. Perlu juga adanya kerja sama yang dilakukan baik itu pemerintah maupun masyarakat dalam penanggulangannya. Secara khususnya artikel ini bertujuan agar masyarakat Indonesia sadar atas perilakunya dalam melakukan pembakaran itu berbahaya dan dampaknya bukan main bagi kehidupan ini. Pada penulisan ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan yang dimana hasil penulisannya diperoleh dari berbagai sumber artikel dan jurnal yang relevan dan juga di analisa kejelekannya. Lalu selanjutnya membuat dalam sebuah penulisan artikel. Hasil kepenulisan dari studi kepustakaan ini adalah kebakaran hutan yang terjadi di Indonesia yang mana banyak disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor dan hal ini berdampak bagi makhluk hidup serta bentuk upaya dalam penanggulangannya. dengan hal ini maka kita dapat memahami bahwa terjadinya kebakaran akan menimbulkan bencana yang merugikan.
Afghanistan, Taliban, Why
Authors: Ho Teck Tuak
Published: September 2021

Afghanistan, Taliban, Why -by Dr Ho Teck Tuak
Reading to Learn? The Co-Development of Mathematics and Reading During Primary School
Authors: Hübner Nicolas , Merrell Christine , Cramman Helen , Little John , Bolden David , Nagengast Benjamin
Published: September 2021

Understanding how early reading and mathematics co-develop is important from both theoretical and pedagogical standpoints. Previous research has provided mixed results, with some studies suggesting that mathematics is the leading indicator in this developmental process, whereas others have suggested that reading is. This paper investigates the development of reading and mathematics in a longitudinal sample of N = 355,883 students from the UK aged 5 to 12 (49% girls). The results suggest a positive relation between the development of the two domains. In addition, a statistically significant positive association between prior reading scores and subsequent changes in achievement in mathematics was found, whereas changes in reading were substantially smaller for students with a higher prior performance in mathematics.
Evaluating the influence of anxiety and depression on academic performance in high school students
Authors: Shahzad Waleed Ahmed
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether anxiety and depression have a negative effect on academic performance. This small-scale study assessed the relationship between these factors. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out. A randomized sample of 52 high school students based in various schools across Lahore participated in the survey. Of the participants, 32 were males and 20 were females. As a measure of anxiety and depression 14 questions from the DASS-21 were utilized (The 7 questions pertaining to the measure of stress were not included in this study). Based on the DASS-21 score obtained by the respondents they were classified under categories of normal, mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe levels of anxiety and depression. As a measure of academic performance, the Grade Point Average (GPA) of the students was obtained via the survey. The mean average GPA was calculated for all the students falling under the aforementioned categories pertaining to anxiety and depression separately and these averages were compared. It was found that the mean average GPA was highest in students falling under the categories of normal and mild levels of anxiety and depression. Whereas, mean average GPA was lower in students suffering from severe levels of anxiety and depression. These findings suggest the need to come up with methods to combat anxiety and depression in high school students as these factors impede academic performance.
Selling the Earth: re-purposing geoscience communications
Authors: Stewart Iain
Published: September 2021

Earth scientists have a critical role to play in communicating to the public and policy makers what we know about looming societal threats including climate change, extreme natural events, resource conflicts and the energy transition. But whilst geoscientists are being encouraged - and, increasingly, trained - to ‘go public’ with our science, what is less clear is to what extent our current geo-communications are effectively addressing the long-term planetary concerns that confront society.In this paper we argue that scientists are the interface between the research organisations that produce knowledge and the wider public who could use that knowledge, and, in that regard, are akin to marketers in the business world. Drawing from the dominant paradigms that shape business marketing, we re-consider the prevailing models of science communication and their consequent sense of purpose. We identify three dominant approaches of marketing-led science communication: ‘make-and-sell’; ‘sense-and-respond’; and ‘guide-and-co-create’. We judge the first two to be incompatible with delivering long-term sustainability, in contrast to the emergent guide-and-co-create mode - purpose-driven, interdisciplinary, participatory, and reflexive - which we contend is best placed to tackle long-term geo-environmental concerns through having a clear wellbeing- focused objective whilst co-creating the path to achieving it.We conclude with the contention that adopting a guide-and-co-create approach to science communications will require not only rethinking communication practice within universities but also radical institutional regime change towards universities becoming purpose-driven organisations.
Being You by Anil Seth book review
Authors: Tressoldi Patrizio
Published: September 2021

This is a review of the Anil Seth's book "Being You. A New Science of Consciousness".
Detecting concealed language knowledge via response times
Authors: Lukács Gáspár , Kawai Claudia , Ansorge Ulrich , Fekete Anna
Published: September 2021

In the present study, we introduce a response-time-based test that can be used to detect concealed language knowledge, for various potential applications (e.g., espionage, border control, counter-terrorism). In this test, the examinees are asked to respond to repeatedly presented items, including a real word in the language tested (suspected to be known by the examinee) and several pseudowords. A person who understands the tested language recognizes the real word and tends to have slower responses to it as compared to the pseudowords, and, thereby, can be distinguished from those who do not understand the language. This was demonstrated in a series of experiments including diverse participants tested for their native language (German, Hungarian, Polish, Russian; n = 312), for second language (English, German; n = 66), and several control groups (n = 192).
Reply to Technical Comment on Jonason, P. K., & Luoto, S. (2021). The dark side of the rainbow: Homosexuals and bisexuals have higher Dark Triad traits than heterosexuals. Personality and Individual Differences, 181, 111040.
Authors: Luoto Severi , Jonason Peter K.
Published: September 2021

We thank Sharpe and colleagues for the opportunity to discuss our article titled “The dark side of the rainbow: Homosexuals and bisexuals have higher Dark Triad traits than heterosexuals” in more detail. Here, we address the methodological concerns raised by Sharpe et al. and conclude by discussing our critics’ problematic suggestion that there is something pathologically “wrong” with homosexual and bisexual people. As scientists, we avoid moralizing on such topics, instead openly reporting the results of our research, even hypothesizing that elevated Dark Triad traits in nonheterosexual individuals might constitute an adaptive response or a predictive adaptive response to environmental harshness, whether such harshness may be experienced prenatally, in adolescence, or in adulthood. We further wish to reject and distance ourselves from the prejudiced view of homosexuality voiced by Sharpe et al. Their suggestion to avoid the term “homosexuality” is in itself prejudiced and in stark opposition to the liberation and empowerment of people with same-sex sexual attractions. We encourage other sex researchers to continue using the term “homosexual” as a purely descriptive scientific term which carries no moral implications, and the relevant communities and organizations to accept its continued use in science alongside other sexual orientation categories.
A long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away: How temporal are episodic contents?
Authors: Mahr Johannes , Greene Joshua D. , Schacter Daniel L
Published: September 2021

A prominent feature of mental event (i.e. ‘episodic’) simulations is their temporality: human adults can generate episodic representations directed towards the past or the future. The ability to entertain event representations with different temporal orientations allows these representations to play various cognitive roles. Here, we investigated how the temporal orientation of imagined events relates to the contents (i.e. ‘what is happening’) of these events. Is the temporal orientation of an episode part of its contents? Or are the processes for assigning temporality to an event representation distinct from those generating its contents? In three experiments (N = 360), we asked participants to generate and later recall a series of imagined events differing in (1) location (indoors vs. outdoors), (2) time of day (daytime vs. nighttime), (3) temporal orientation (past vs. future), and (4) weekday (Monday vs. Friday). We then tested to what extent successful recall of episodic content (i.e. (1) and (2)) would predict recall of temporality and/or weekday information. Results showed that while recall of temporal orientation was predicted by content recall, weekday recall was not. However, temporal orientation was only weakly integrated with episodic contents. This finding suggests that episodic simulations are unlikely to be intrinsically temporal in nature. Instead, similar to other forms of temporal information, temporal orientation might be determined from such contents by reconstructive post-retrieval processes. These results have implications for how the human ability to ‘mentally travel’ in time is cognitively implemented.
Mean Level and Variability in Affect and Perceived Regard: A Dyadic Daily Diary Study of African American Couples
Authors: Urganci Betul , Ong Anthony , Burrow Anthony L. , DeHart Tracy
Published: September 2021

High positive affect and low negative affect have been repeatedly tied to better individual and interpersonal well-being. However, research has focused on mean levels whereas the day-to-day unfolding of affect and its impact on romantic relationships remain largely unknown. Here, we examined the links between affect variability, mean levels of affect, and changes in perceptions of partner regard —the extent to which people believe that their partners value and accept them. One hundred and twenty-five African American couples (N = 250 individuals) reported how positively they thought their partners viewed them in two sessions (T1 and T2), separated by a 3-week daily diary study in which participants reported on their positive and negative affect each day for 21 consecutive days. Using dyadic analysis, we found that higher actor negative affect variability was associated with lower perceived regard at T2 controlling for perceived regard at T1. This finding held when controlling for mean levels of actor and partner negative affect. While higher mean levels of actor positive affect were associated with more favorable perceived regard, positive affect variability was not associated with subsequent perceived regard. These results highlight the importance of accounting for mean levels of affect when examining affect dynamics.
Positive emotion enhances conflict processing in preschoolers
Authors: Berger Philipp , Grosse Wiesmann Charlotte
Published: September 2021

The rapid detection and resolution of conflict between opposing action tendencies is crucial for our ability to engage in goal-directed behavior. Research in adults suggests that emotions can serve as a “relevance detector” that alarms attentional and sensory systems, thereby leading to more efficient conflict processing. In contrast, previous research in children has almost exclusively stressed the impeding influence of emotion on the attentional system, as suggested by the protracted development of performance in “hot” executive function tasks. Do preschool children show a facilitative effect of emotion on conflict processing? We addressed this question applying a modified version of a color flanker task that either involved or did not involve positive emotional stimuli in preschool children (N = 43, with preregistered Bayesian sequential design, aged 2.8–7.0 years). Our results show a robust conflict effect with higher error rates in incongruent compared to congruent trials. Crucially, conflict resolution was faster in emotional compared to neutral conditions. Furthermore, while efficient conflict processing increases with age, we find evidence against an age-related change in the influence of positive emotion on conflict processing. Taken together, these findings provide indication that positive emotion can trigger efficient control processes already from early on in life. In contrast to the predominant view in developmental psychology, this indicates that, depending on the role that emotion has in conflict processing, emotion may show a facilitative or impeding effect already in the preschool period.
Staying and Returning Dynamics of Young Children's Attention
Authors: Kim Jaeah , Singh Shashank , Vales Catarina , Keebler Emily , Fisher Anna , Thiessen Erik
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we decompose sustained attending behavior into components of continuous attention maintenance and attentional transitions and study how each of these components develops in young children. Our results in two experiments suggest that changes in children's ability to return attention to a target locus after distraction (“Returning”) play a crucial role in the development of sustained attention between the ages of 3.5-6 years, perhaps to a greater extent than changes in the ability to continuously maintain attention on the target (“Staying”). We further distinguish Returning from the behavior of transitioning attention away from task (“Leaving”) and provide evidence that Leaving is more strongly influenced by bottom-up factors, while Returning is invariant to these same bottom-up factors, suggesting a potentially greater contribution of top-down factors in Returning. Overall, these results (a) suggest the importance of understanding the cognitive process of transitioning attention for understanding sustained attention and its development, (b) provide an empirical paradigm within which to study this process, and (c) begin to characterize basic features of this process, namely its development and its relative dependence on top-down and bottom-up influences on attention.
Simulated nature walks improve psychological well-being along a natural to urban continuum
Authors: Brancato Giuliana , Van Hedger Kathryne , Berman Marc , Van Hedger Stephen Charles
Published: September 2021

Compared to urban environments, interactions with natural environments have been associated with several health benefits including psychological restoration and improved emotional well-being. However, classifying environments dichotomously as either natural or urban may emphasize between-category differences and minimize potentially important within-category variation (e.g., forests versus fields of crops; neighborhoods versus city centers). Therefore, the current experiment assessed how viewing brief videos of different environments, ranging along a continuum from stereotypically natural to stereotypically urban, influenced subjective ratings of mood, restoration, and well-being. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four video conditions, which depicted a simulated walk through a pine forest, a farmed field, a tree-lined urban neighborhood, or a bustling city center essentially devoid of greenery. Immediately before and after the videos, participants rated their current emotional states. Participants additionally rated the perceived restorativeness of the video. The results supported the idea that the virtual walks differentially influenced affect and perceived restoration, even when belonging to the same nominal category of natural or urban. The pine forest walk significantly improved happiness relative to both urban walks, whereas the farmed field walk did not. The bustling city center walk decreased feelings of calmness compared to all other walks, including the tree-lined neighborhood walk. The walks also differed on two perceived restorativeness measures (daydreaming and being away) in a graded fashion; however, the farmed field walk was found to be less fascinating than all other walks, including both urban walks. Taken together, these results suggest that categorizing environments as “natural versus urban” may gloss over meaningful within-category variability regarding the restorative potential of different physical environments.
Who Benefits Most From Using Social Media, the Socially Rich or the Socially Poor?
Authors: Pouwels J. Loes , Keijsers Loes , Odgers Candice
Published: September 2021

Research has shown that some individuals benefit from using social media because it may help them to obtain social capital. This article questions who are most likely to benefit: the socially rich (i.e., individuals with a preference for social interaction, support, or without interpersonal problems) or the socially poor? It is hard to provide a definite answer to this question: Previous empirical studies have yielded mixed findings and were difficult to compare due to varying conceptualizations and analytic approaches. To better understand the complex interplay between individuals’ social media use and social capital, we discuss the added value of within-person analyses and person-specific designs.
Eliminating the Low Prevalence Effect in Visual Search with a Remarkably Simple Strategy
Authors: Taylor J. Eric T. , Hilchey Matthew D. , Weidler Blaire J. , Pratt Jay
Published: September 2021

The low prevalence effect in visual search occurs when rare targets are missed at a disproportionately high rate. This effect has enormous significance in health and public safety and has proven resistant to intervention. In three experiments (Ns = 41, 40, 44), we document a dramatic reduction of the effect using a simple cognitive strategy requiring no training. Instead of asking participants to search for the presence or absence of a target, as is typically done in visual search tasks, we asked participants to engage in “similarity search” – to identify the display element most similar to a target on every trial, regardless of whether a target is present. Under normal search instructions, we observed strong low prevalence effects. Using similarity search, we failed to detect the low prevalence effect under identical visual conditions across three experiments.
Validity of the Anchor-Item in Estimating the Smallest Subjectively Experienced Difference: Presenting an Anchor-Item Before vs After the Outcome Measure
Authors: Anvari Farid
Published: September 2021

In some fields of research, psychologists are interested in effect sizes that are large enough to make a difference to people’s subjective experience. Recently, an anchor-based method using a global rating of change was proposed as a way to quantify the smallest subjectively experienced difference—the smallest numerical difference in the outcome measure that, on average, corresponds to reported changes in people’s subjective experience. According to the method, the construct of interest is measured on two occasions (Time 1 and Time 2). At Time 2, people also use an anchor-item to report how much they experienced a change in the construct. Participants are then categorized as those who stayed the same, those who changed a lot, and those who changed a little. The average change score for those who changed a little is the estimate of the smallest subjectively experienced difference. In the present study, I examined two aspects of the method’s validity. First, I tested whether presenting the anchor-item before or after the Time 2 outcome measure influences the results. The results suggest that any potential influence of the anchor-position, assuming there is an influence, is likely to be small. Second, I tested whether the pattern of the anchor-item’s validity correlations is improved when the delay between Time 1 and 2 is one day, as opposed to the pattern found in past research where the delay was two and five days. The observed pattern of validity correlations remained largely the same. I note directions for future research.
Validating the Short-Form Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (S-FLCAS)
Authors: Botes Elouise , van der Westhuizen Lindie , Dewaele Jean-Marc , MacIntyre Peter , Greiff Samuel
Published: September 2021

Foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) is a popular construct in applied linguistics research, traditionally measured with the 33-item Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS). However, recent studies have started utilising the 8-item Short-Form Foreign Language Anxiety Scale (S-FLCAS). There is therefore a need, which this study addressed in five sequential steps, to validate the S-FLCAS in order to ensure the validity and reliability of the scale. A sample of n = 370 foreign language learners was utilised in the validation efforts, which included exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the establishment of convergent and discriminant validity, and invariance testing. The S-FLCAS was found to have a unidimensional structure with the 8 items loading on a single latent variable. Evidence was provided of the internal consistency and the convergent and discriminate validity of the S-FLCAS. In addition, the measure was found to be fully invariant across age, gender, educational levels, and L1 groups. It is therefore with some considerable confidence that we can recommend the future use of the S-FLCAS in peer-reviewed research.
Performance Errors Influence Voluntary Task Choices
Authors: Spitzer Markus , Kiesel Andrea , Dignath David
Published: September 2021

Humans adjust their behavior after they committed an error, but it is unclear whether and how error commissions influence voluntary task choices. In the present article, we review different accounts on effects of errors in the previous trial (transient error effects) and overall error probabilities (sustained error effects) on behavioral adaptation. Based on this review, we derived five statistical models how errors might influence voluntary task choices. We analyzed the data of three experiments in which participants voluntarily selected one of two tasks before each trial whereby task difficulty, and concomitantly error probability, increased successively for the selected/performed tasks. Model comparison suggested that choice behavior was best explained by a combination of error probability of the performed task, error probability of the alternative task, and whether the previous response was correct or incorrect. The results revealed that participants were most likely to switch tasks in situations where the error probability of the performed task was high, the error probability of the alternative task was low, and after an error on the previous trial. We conclude that task selection processes are influenced by transient and sustained error effects.
The Latest Generation of SEZs: Consumer-Oriented Unilateralism in China’s E-commerce Trade
Authors: Huang Jie
Published: September 2021

WTO multilateralism is driven by manufacturers. However, in China, Cross-border E-commerce Retail Import (‘CERI’) has spurred a new, consumer-oriented trade unilateralism. CERI prospers within China’s National Cross-Border E-commerce Pilot Cities, which are Special Economic Zones aimed at using unilateral trade liberalization to meet consumers’ growing demands for high-quality foreign products. CERI enhances consumer benefits beyond reducing customer formalities and tax rates and lowering product prices. It re-conceptualizes consumer protection by treating consumers as diverse individuals rather than as a homothetic group. It also empowers consumers by making them ‘importers’ to minimize behind-the-border trade barriers. CERI warrants a rethinking of WTO multilateralism from its initial focus on corporations and capital owners to a revised focus on consumers.
Reciprocal Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in China: Promising Developments, Prospective Challenges and Proposed Solutions
Authors: Huang Jie
Published: September 2021

Consistent developments since 2016 demonstrate that China is determined to depart from its traditional practice – rejecting reciprocity-based judgment recognition and enforcement (JRE). This is strongly endorsed by China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative. To develop the Chinese system of reciprocity-based JRE, China will make two efforts. First, it is likely to propose unbinding memos, like the China-Singapore Memo, to the supreme courts in countries alongside the OBOR. Second, Chinese Supreme People’s Court will issue a judicial interpretation to clarify the scope, requirements of, and defences against reciprocity-based JRE.
From sequences to variables – Rethinking the relationship between sequences and outcomes
Authors: Helske Satu , Helske Jouni , Chihaya Guilherme Kenji
Published: September 2021

Sequence analysis (SA) has gained increasing interest in social sciences for theholistic analysis of life course and other longitudinal data. The usual approach isto construct sequences, calculate dissimilarities, group similar sequences with cluster analysis, and use cluster membership as a dependent or independent variable in a regression model.This approach may be problematic as cluster memberships are assumed to be fixed known characteristics of the subjects in subsequent analyses. Furthermore, often it is more reasonable to assume that individual sequences are mixtures of multiple ideal types rather than equal members of some group. Failing to account for uncertain and mixed memberships may lead to wrong conclusions about the nature of the studied relationships.In this paper, we bring forward and discuss the problems of the "traditional" use of SA clusters as variables and compare four approaches for creating explanatory variables from sequence dissimilarities using different types of data. We conduct simulation and empirical studies, demonstrating the importance of considering how sequences and outcomes are related and the need to adjust analyses accordingly. In many typical social science applications, the traditional approach is prone to result in wrong conclusions and so-called similarity-based approaches such as representativeness should be preferred.
„IMAGINE Responsible Robotics“ - A Card-Based Engagement Method
Authors: Sigl Lisa , De Pagter Jesse , Papagni Guglielmo
Published: September 2021

In this text we introduce a card-based engagement method we call “IMAGINE Responsible Robotics”. The basic purpose of this method is to facilitate reflection and exchange about societally relevant issues in research, development and design (RDD) of robotic technologies, particularly also in increasingly inter- and transdisciplinary contexts of robotics.A basic precondition for such an exchange and collective reflection is mutual understanding. Before this background, we have developed a card-based engagement setting that in a first step(,) facilitates the exchange and mutual understanding on different value-laden perspectives on robotic technologies, in a second step the application of these perspectives to a specific context of application and, in a final step, the co-development of situated ways of practicing responsible and – from a societal perspective – trustworthy robot development. Ideally, in this way new ideas on how to consider societal issues and concerns in robot RDD are generated.The method is particularly designed to be a resource for idea generation amongst (academic and other) researchers, developers and designers at relatively early stages of research endeavours. It builds on the sense that reflections on the societal responsibility involved in research and innovation can open up often black-boxed assumptions about the societal relevance of robotics and thus be an ideation resource in creative innovation processes.Since the development of robotic technologies is often a multi-stakeholder-process, the last phase is particularly designed to reflect on and gather ideas on what kinds of stakeholders would ideally need to be included and what kinds of collaborations would make sense for a specific research idea to be specified and carried out.We argue that while such tool-based methods can easily be misused as one-point interventions with little effect on actual research practices, they can be of great value when applied in the context of comprehensive approaches to robot RDD such as care-centred value-sensitive design, participatory design or integrative social robotics (ISR).Card design and discussion map are available for download in the supplementary material!
Wealth 2D – An alternative approach to explore wealth effects
Authors: Dräger Jascha , Pforr Klaus , Müller Nora
Published: September 2021

The analysis of wealth as a predictor variable comes with several conceptual and methodological challenges with important consequences for results. We propose employing Generalized Additive Models and jointly evaluating gross wealth and debt to overcome the dependence of wealth effects on implausible assumptions. By conducting a simulation study, we show that our approach describes systematic wealth differences in more detail and overfits less to random variation in the data than standard approaches. We then apply our approach to re-analyze wealth gaps in educational attainment in the US. In contrast to existing research, we find that not negative net worth is associated with the worst educational prospects but the combination of low gross wealth and low debt. Children in households with high gross wealth have the best prospects, almost independent of household debt. Our approach can be easily adapted to other research questions.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN PADA PT. SENTRAL YAMAHA PALOPO
Authors: Institute Repository
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan dan kepuasan pelanggan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan pada PT Sentral Yamaha Palopo. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode kuantitatif yaitu dengan menyebarkan kuesioner pada konsumen. Sampel dari penelitian ini berjumlah 30 responden yang disebar pada pengguna jasa servis motor pada PT. Sentral Yamaha Palopo. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan regresi linear berganda diperoleh hasil bahwa kualitas pelayanan dan kepuasan pelanggan berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap minat beli konsumen pada PT. Sentral Yamaha Palopo. Hal ini ditujukan dengan nilai Fhitung sebesar 439,054 dengan nilai sig = 0,000, nilai Fhitung (439,054) > Ftabel (3,32) dan nilai tingkat sig = 0,000 < 0,05 maka hipotesis satu dalam penelitian ini diterima, berarti secara bersama-sama kualitas pelayanan dan kepuasan pelanggan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan pada PT. Sentral Yamaha Palopo. Variabel Kualitas Pelayanan yang berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan pada PT.Sentral Yamaha Palopo. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai Thitung 11,451 > Ttabel 2,052 dan nilai sig 0,000 < 0,05 maka hipotesis dua dalam penelitian ini diterima. Variabel kepuasan pelanggan yang berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan pada PT. Sentral Yamaha Palopo. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai Thitung 4,423 > Ttabel 2,052 dan nilai sig 0,000 < 0,05 maka hipotesis tiga dalam penelitian ini diterima. Berdasarkan koefisien determinasi bahwa variabel Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Dan Kepuasan Pelanggan berpengaruh sebesar 97% terhadap loyalitas pelanggan pada PT.Sentral Yamaha Palopo, sedangkan sisanya 3% berpengaruh pada variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Syphilis among Blood Donors
Authors: Singhal Sachin , Sharma Dharmesh Chandra , Rai Sunita , Arya Anita , Gupta Prakriti
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background: Transfusion of blood /component is an essential procedure in modern days of medical practice. As far as safe transfusion is concerned, it is a prime requirement i.e. handles TTIs infections including syphilis and other adverse events.

Aims and Objectives: Focus of the present study is to assess seroprevalence and risk factors of Syphilis among blood donors in greater Gwalior

 Materials and Methods: The present retrospective descriptive study was conducted over a period of 8 years. All the samples of voluntary and relative blood donors, who came to donate blood, were tested for transfusion transmissible infections. Prevalence of TTIs and syphilis were analyzed in the view of different parameters of donors and along with its associated risk factors. Chi square (X2) test was applied to know the significant (p value) ratio of difference statistically as required.

Results: In the present study prevalence of TTIs is 3.44% and for syphilis it is 0.268%, most common age group is 40-51years (41.18%); male to female ratio is insignificant statistically. Ratio of voluntary versus relative donors was 94.21% and 5.79 %  and  male to female was 91.27% and 8.473% were female respectively.

Conclusion: An advance knowledge, attitude, and behavior of the volunteer blood donors’ population regarding risk factors will most probably improve public health and increase blood safety and quality.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self-Medication among Nursing Students of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus Kohalpur Banke
Authors: Dhami Dabal Bahadur , Dhakal Sanjeeva
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Self-medication is widely practiced among the nursing students because of easy availability and accessibility of the drugs. Inappropriate self-medication can leads to increased resistance among pathogens, wastage of resources, can cause serious harm and increase morbidity; which indicates needs of responsible self-medication.
Aims: This study was to assess the self-medication knowledge, attitude and practice among nursing students.
Methods: This was a questionnaire based descriptive cross sectional study conducted in Nursing students of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, Kohalpur, on August 2019. Questions related to various aspects of self-medication was used for data collection.
Results: Out of 120 students, 102 (85%) students were found practicing self-medication with reason of no need to visit the doctor for minor illness 78%, for quick relief 75% and for time saving 50%. Only 15% not taken self-medication reasoning there was risk of adverse effects 65% and risk of using wrong drugs 60%. The source of information of the drugs used for self-medication was previous prescription and text book was 50% and 35% respectively and the source of the drugs was medical store, 88.2%. Majority of 96% took for headache followed by fever 83.3%; menstrual symptoms 68.6%; and cough and cold 68.6% and dirrhoea 64.7%. Most of the students 96% took analgesics and antipyretics drugs.
Conclusion: Our study shows that self-medication is significantly practiced by nursing students. There is need to aware them about advantages and disadvantages of self-medication in order to ensure safety and proper use of drugs.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND HYDRAULIC MONITORING USING CATIONIC DYES TO INVESTIGATE THE BARRIERS EFFECT ON KAOLIN DEPOSITION
Authors: A. AL-Mafraji Ekram , A. Al-Mussawy Haider
Published: September 2021

Dyes are used in hydraulic fields such as hydraulic tracking to show the flow path, monitor flow lines within a ground dam, or track the spread of contaminated water within horizontal pipes and environmental fields as environmental indicators in titrations, such as titration of precipitate composition. Some environmental experiments dispense with the dye's use because it interferes with other compounds, such as interfering with the turbidity readings even if non-reactive dyes, but the present study transformed this problem into a positive phenomenon to benefits from the dye in both fields. The research methodology includes a laboratory analysis using different parameters such as discharge of suspension, the volume of dye, and the percentage of initial water depth at maximum water depth also theoretical analysis of the previous research methodology. The experimental results show that cationic dyes' absorption (methylene blue dye, MB and crystal violet, CV) is directly proportional to the percentage of kaolin deposition in the sedimentation tank areas. Finally, MB and CV dyes are used in both fields in one trial (such as tracking flow movement, monitoring the vortices formed using baffles, and inter between the amount of kaolin precipitated in each zone the sedimentation). However, MB is the best compare to CV.
New data on Landrevinae from Cambodia (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Gorochov A.V.
Published: September 2021

Repapa? proxima sp. n. and the hitherto unknown females of Duolandrevus rarus Gor. and Ectodrelanva paramarginalis Gor. are described. These species are recorded from Elefan Mts.
Shalom Educational Model and the Paradigm Shift in the Social Work Training in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
Authors: Moleka Pitshou Basikabio
Published: September 2021

Social work is a discipline that was introduced into an academic curriculum in the DRC not long ago. It is with the repetition of the phenomena of urban banditry and that of street children that the various stakeholders have thought of training professionals in this field. But is said training effective and appropriate? In this article, I examine through a sample the academic curriculum in the DRC and propose avenues’ starting from the biblical model of shalom, which is a four-dimensional model, responding to contextual and spiritual needs. The article contains seven parts: the first point will be the introduction, in the second point there will be a brief contextual presentation of DR Congo, the third point is about the method used in this article, the fourth point will be the sample of social work curricula, the fifth point will be analysis and assessment of this curricula, in the sixth point I will show the implications of shalom model in the social work training and the last point will be the conclusion.
ПРИНЦИПИ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ АДВОКАТА ЯК УЧАСНИКА АДМІНІСТРАТИВНОГО СУДОЧИНСТВА
Authors: ГУСЕЙНЛІ Аласкар
Published: September 2021

Розглянуто принципи діяльності адвоката як суб’єкта адміністративного судочинства, визначено їх зміст, а також здійснено їх класифікацію за такими критеріями, як джерело законодавчого визначення, предмет регулювання, сфера поширення. Дослідження проведено з використанням методів аналізу, синтезу та порівняння. Зроблено висновок, що під принципами адвокатської діяльності слід розуміти основні засади, ідеї, положення, які виступають основою (базисом) формування, організації та функціонування інституту адвокатури та адвоката як окремого учасника адміністративного судочинства. Правове визначення та перелік принципів діяльності адвоката в адміністративному судочинстві потребують нормативного закріплення.