bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influência da aplicação da bolsa de gelo na força de preensão manual
Authors: De Castro Francisco Olí­mpio Barbosa
Published: December 2019

A preensão manual é uma função essencial da mão humana devido ao grande número de atividades funcionais que dependem dela para serem realizadas. Os efeitos fisiológicos teciduais da crioterapia são largamente utilizados para fins terapêuticos no tratamento de patologias do sistema neuro-músculo-esquelético. No entanto, o seu efeito sobre o grau de força muscular ainda não está bem esclarecido. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a influência da crioterapia sobre a força de preensão manual. Para tanto, 44 voluntários hí­gidos, homens, com idade entre 18 e 29 anos, foram submetidos í  crioterapia por 20 minutos no antebraço, sendo realizada aferição da força isométrica máxima de preensão manual antes e imediatamente após a aplicação de gelo. Na análise estatí­stica dos dados foram utilizados os testes t de student pareado, Shapiro-Wilk e a correlação não paramétrica de Spearman. Os resultados mostraram que a força de preensão manual aumentou significativamente após a crioterapia, observando-se uma elevação da força pós-crio (38,586 ± 1,2165 Kgf) em relação í  força pré-crio (36,243 ± 1,398 Kgf) (p = 0,05). Portanto foi possí­vel observar, através da metodologia utilizada, que a crioterapia por meio de bolsa de gelo descartável é capaz de aumentar significativamente a força de preensão manual.Palavras-chave: crioterapia, força muscular, força da mão.
Avaliação da flexibilidade durante o ciclo menstrual em pré-adolescentes
Authors: Bechara Neto José
Published: December 2019

O presente estudo buscou analisar o comportamento da flexibilidade corporal em pré-adolescentes durante a presença e ausência do ciclo menstrual. Estudou-se uma amostra de 10 (dez) pré-adolescentes na faixa etária de14 a 15 anos, que possuí­am ciclo menstrual regular. Dados referentes ao perí­odo menstrual foram obtidos através da aplicação de um questionário. Foi solicitado um termo de consentimento assinado pelos responsáveis de cada pré-adolescente. A flexibilidade foi avaliada pelo Banco de Wells, permitindo uma análise da flexibilidade corporal e ainda foi realizado o Teste t de student analisando duas amostras presumindo variâncias diferentes (p < 0,05). Sem inferir para além dos dados da amostra e, levando-se em conta diversos fatores que podem influenciar nos resultados dos testes, tais como: idade, valores antropométricos, aspectos maturacionais, hora do dia e treinamento fí­sico, não houve diferença significativa com relação í  flexibilidade tanto na presença como na ausência do ciclo menstrual.Palavras-chave: flexibilidade, ciclo menstrual, pré-adolescentes.
Influência do exercí­cio fí­sico resistido na melhora da fração de ejeção em indiví­duo chagásico
Authors: Petto Jefferson
Published: December 2019

Este relato de caso evidencia o efeito do Exercí­cio Fí­sico Resistido Supervisionado (EFSR) na melhora da Fração de Ejeção (FE) em indiví­duo com Doença de Chagas (DC). Após um Teste de Carga Máxima (TCM) e um Teste de Resistência Máxima (TRM), foi realizado programa de EFRS executado em duas séries com 30% do TCM e 60% do TRM. Esta etapa teve duração de seis semanas, sendo que nas seis semanas posteriores foram realizados os mesmos exercí­cios com 40% do TCM. Após esse perí­odo um novo ECO foi realizado, evidenciando uma melhora de 95,65% da FE.Palavras-chave: exercí­cio fí­sico, doença de Chagas, teste de resistência.
Análise histomorfométrica do músculo esquelético de ratas suplementadas com L-arginina
Authors: Marcondes Rodrigo Rodrigues
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da suplementação de L-arginina no tecido muscular esquelético de ratas. Foram utilizadas oito ratas divididas em dois grupos, com quatro animais cada, sendo: grupo I (GI), suplementado com L-arginina; grupo II (GII), controle. Os animais do GI foram suplementados com L-arginina por meio de gavagem por 30 dias. Após esse perí­odo, os animais foram sacrificados e o músculo gastrocnêmio foi retirado, fixado em formol a 10% e submetido a montagem das lâminas com a coloração de hematoxilina e eosina. As lâminas foram analisadas por microscopia óptica e as imagens destas foram capturadas em um sistema de análise de imagens. No sistema de análise de imagens foram mensuradas as circunferências das células musculares esqueléticas e os dados destas mensurações foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste T student. Os resultados revelaram que houve aumento da circunferência das células musculares esqueléticas das ratas do GI em relação ao GII. Assim, a média de circunferência do GI foi 2069 ± 32,98 µm2 e a média de circunferência do GII foi 1096 ± 17,41 µm2. Esta diferença foi estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,0001). Conclui-se que a suplementação com L-arginina promove aumento significativo da massa muscular de ratas.Palavras-chave: arginina, óxido ní­trico, morfologia, músculo gastrocnêmio.
Exercí­cios fí­sicos e fatores de risco cardiovascular
Authors: Ribeiro Priscilla Rosa Queiroz
Published: December 2019

As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são as principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade no mundo e representam altos custos sociais e econômicos. Uma maneira eficaz tanto de prevenção quanto de reabilitação dessas doenças é a mudança do estilo de vida, visando í  redução de seus diversos fatores de risco. Existe um consenso cientí­fico que populações fisicamente ativas têm menor prevalência destas doenças e são mais longevas. Nesse sentido, os exercí­cios fí­sicos exercem importante função devido í  sua ação positiva frente aos fatores de risco. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre os efeitos da prática de exercí­cios fí­sicos frente aos principais fatores de riscos modificáveis, que contribuem para o surgimento de doenças cardiovasculares. Os estudos existentes na literatura analisados mostraram os efeitos benéficos do exercí­cio fí­sico frente a diversos fatores de risco cardiovascular.Palavras-chave: doenças cardiovasculares, fatores de risco, exercí­cio fí­sico, reabilitação.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum Linn) TERHADAP ZONA HAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus epidermidis secara in vitro
Authors: PUTRA AKBAR DIOSASQIA
Published: December 2019

Background:Infectious diseases are the main cause of high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia.Indonesia is abundant with plants that can be used as herbal medicine. Garlic is known as having antibacterial elements, one of them is for Staphylococcus epidermidis  which is one cause of dermal disease. This disease is often ignored in Indonesia because the price of the drug is not affordable by the community. So that garlic should be used as an alternative medicineObjective: This study aims to determine the antibacterial effect of garlic extract (Allium sativum L.) retarding the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis.Methods: This study is experimental laboratory using plate diffusion method of "Postest Ony Control Group Design" design. There are 7 groups, 5 treatment groups and 2 control groups. The concentration of treatment group was 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25% while for positive control using chloramphenicol and aquadest as negative control. The bacteria used were Staphylococcus epidermidis.Results: The results showed that garlic extract (Allium sativum L.) had an antibacterial effect in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The inhibitory zone concentration in the statistical results shows there are significant differences with values p = 0.000 or p <α.Conclusion: The conclusion of the study showed that Garlic Extract (Allium sativum L.) had an antibacterial effect to retarding the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis..Keywords: Staphylococcus epidermidis, garlic, antibacteria
THE EFFECT OF NONI (Morinda citrifolia) EXTRACT TO HEPAR HISTOPATHOLOGY AND TRIGLYCERIDE LEVEL IN RATS (Rattus Norvegicus) INDUCED BY DISLIPIDEMIA
Authors: Faradisah Jhouharotul , Purwaningsari Diah
Published: December 2019

Dyslipidemia is an abnormal lipid metabolism which may cause fat degeneration on hepatocytes cells and elevated triglyceride serum level. Dyslipidemia can be prevented by the consumption of high antioxidant food. Noni(Morinda citrifolia) contains many antioxidant such as flavanoid, kuersetin, tannin, and saponin, which are able to prohibit the elevation of ROS.This research is aimed to find out the effect of noni(Morinda citrifolia) extract in reducing the number of hepatocyte’s cells with fat degeneration and decreasing the triglyceride level which is elevated due to high cholesterol diet induction.In this study white rats divided randomly into 4 groups, control group (K-), high cholesterol diet induced group (K+), high cholesterol diet induced with 100 mg/Kg BW noni extract group (P1), high cholesterol diet induced with 200 mg/Kg BW noni extract group (P2). The result shows that noni  extract with dose 100 mg/Kg BW and  200 mg/Kg BWcan reduce the number of hepatocytes cells with fat degeneration (p= 0,026 and p=0,027) and decrease the level of triglyceride serum (p=0,036 and p=0,010).The conclusion is noni extract with dose 100 mg/KgBW reduces effectively  the number of hepatocyte’s cells with fat degeneration and decreases the level of triglyceride serum which increase because of high cholesterol diet.
Análisis comparado de los personajes femeninos en la ficción televisiva española (2010-2017)
Authors: Cerezo-Prieto Marta , González-de-Garay Beatriz , Marcos-Ramos María
Published: December 2019

La presente investigación aborda, de manera transversal, la representación de género en la ficción televisiva española partiendo de dos estudios elaborados en los años 2010 y 2017. Para ello, se realizó un análisis de contenido de 46 series de televisión producidas en España, con 1187 personajes, para conocer si existe una representación desigual entre hombres y mujeres. Los principales hallazgos indican que, a pesar de la evolución en el tiempo, existe una infrarrepresentación de las mujeres, una excesiva sobrerrepresentación de personajes con orientación heterosexual y de nacionalidad española y una asociación de la mujer con ocupaciones laborales poco cualificadas. Además, sus temas de conversación giran en mayor medida sobre aspectos personales, como familia y amor, que sobre aspectos laborales, más tratados por los personajes masculinos.

AbstractThe present research analyzes, in a transversal way, the representation of gender in Spanish television series starting from two studies elaborated in 2010 and 2017. For this purpose, a content analysis of 46 televisionseries produced in Spain was carried out, with 1187 characters, to know if there is an unequal representation between males and females. The main findings indicate that, in spite of the evolution over time, there is aninsufficient representation of females, an excessive representation of characters with heterosexual orientation and of Spanish nationality and an association of females with less qualified professional occupations. In addition, their conversation topics revolve more on personal aspects, such as family and love, than on labor issues, more treated by male characters.Keywords: Content analysis, gender, characters, television series, Spain, women.
A new species of the genus Dorytomus Germar, 1817 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Baltic amber
Authors: Bukejs Andris , Legalov Andrei A.
Published: December 2019

A new species, Dorytomus groehni Bukejs & Legalov sp. n. is described and illustrated from Eocene Baltic amber. The new species differs from D. nudus Legalov, 2016 primarily in longer and wider body size, narrower and longer rostrum, slightly convex interstriae distinctly wider than elytral striae and finely punctate pronotum with semierect setae.
Homoporus anthrisci sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) reared from puparia of Melanagromyza nigrissima Spencer in stems of Anthriscus sylvestris in South Finland
Authors: Veli Vikberg
Published: December 2019

The female and male of Homoporus anthrisci sp. n. are described from Janakkala, South Finland. The species was reared as a solitary endoparasitoid from puparia of Melanagromyza nigrissima Spencer (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in stems of Anthriscus sylvestris. Two other species of Pteromalidae, Syntomopus incisus Thomson and Chlorocytus spicatus (Walker) were also reared from puparia of Melanagromyza nigrissima in Janakkala, which is a new host for these two species.
The issue of the establishment of Ukrainian ethnochoreology as a science of folk dance
Authors: Martyniv Olha
Published: December 2019

The research is related to the actualization of the national scientific
heritage of the ethno-choreological direction, which is a significant
component in the structure of cultural studies, art studies, ethnographic,
folklore and choreographic research, one of the necessary conditions for the
preservation of the national dance heritage in its traditional dimension.The
methodology of the research is to use the analytical method - for the analysis
of scientific sources from the ballet in the philosophical, culturological, art
criticism, psychological, and pedagogical space; historical method - for the

analysis of causal features of the emergence and formation of ethno-
choreological knowledge as a form of understanding of dance art; a

comparative method - to identify common and distinctive features of the
method of treating the phenomenon of folk dance in the writings of prominent
researchers of the past; a synthetic method - for a generalization of various
subjective ideas and theories of domestic researchers in the field of
choreography. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in
the national art studies the author has substantiated and defined the concept
of ethnochoreology and its functions as the founders of this field of domestic
scientific knowledge; It was traced and the stage of formation of the leading
parameters of the concept of ethno-choreological problems in the scientific
development was discovered not only within Ukraine but also in the
Ukrainian diaspora; It has been proved that the historical background has caused chaos in the development of the scientific discipline ethnochoreology
as a cultural studies and art-study branch of knowledge, the necessity of
development of this direction of scientific research for preservation,
reproduction and reconstruction of the traditional dance culture of
Ukrainians, as well as the creation of new forms and development of the
existing stage folk dance as a specific Ukrainian type of dance art; outlined
the range of issues that require their immediate solution at the level of
creating a conceptual-categorical apparatus of choreographic culture, the
phenomenon of dance in a traditional society, its significance for the
objective coverage of the existence of the Ukrainian people. The study and
research of the Ukrainian ethno-choreological heritage from the time of its
appearance as a period of formation of science allows to highlight the
leading directions that science has been moving over the next decades, to
identify the problems faced by modern folk dance researchers in its
traditional dimension and stage form of existence, to outline the leading
figures of researchers, which became the founders of the national scientific
knowledge about folk dance.
With regard to an instruction on a topic «Complex Binary Form» within the «Musical Works Analysis» course
Authors: Zinkiv Iryna
Published: December 2019

The article deals with arelevant issues of instructing the topic «Complex
Binary Form», which is read within «Musical Works Analysis» lecture
coursein the higher educational institutions of Ukraine of III – IV levels of
accreditation. Given that this is one of the most complex form in the structure
of the course, it is attributed to the understudied ones, although quite
branched by the number of varieties. The investigations poses a question of
the form definition, genesis, morphology, scope of application in the genres of
vocal and instrumental music. Its structural specificity and semantic-shaped
content are covered in the works by V. A. Mozart, L. van Beethoven,
F. Chopin, K. Debussy, S. Rachmaninov, and others. The links identified with
Neo-Baroque and Neoclassical Stylistics, as well as multi-style editing, which
was formed within the aesthetics of modernism. Based on a study of genetic
origins of a complex binary form and structurally-semantic analysis of the
professional music works in different genres by the composers of the XVIII–
XX centuries, written in this form, it became possible to substantiate its
unique specificity and special role in the music of the New and Newest times.
The article deals with two basic varieties of the complex binary form – repetition and non-repetition. The first variety usually includes works of vocal
music, when the final function is performed either by the last verse
(«Adelaide» by L. van Beethoven), or by a synthetic repetition. The second
one consists of the complex binary forms with a coda, existing either with
contrasting, based on a completely new thematic material (Nocturne Op 32 No. 1, F. Chopin), or with a synthetic coda (Minstrelie by K. Debussy, Etude-
picture No. 4, Op. 39 S. Rachmaninov, in the last play – with the signs of an old binary form). Modern composers use such forms extremely rare.
Profil Klinik Pasien dengan Ulkus Dekubitus di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya
Authors: Huvi Indira , Saputro Iswinarno Doso , Murtiastutik Dwi
Published: December 2019

Decubitus ulcer or known as pressure ulcer is one of the types of chronic wounds that are often found. The incidences of decubitus ulcers are quite high in some countries, including in Indonesia. The main cause of decubitus ulcer is, long term immobilization, as example the total bedrest patients. Decubitus ulcers are associated with some diseases that causes immobilization such as spinal cord injury, lower extremity fracture, stroke, etc. The aim of this research is to identify the data of patients with decubitus ulcer in RSUD Dr. Soetomo period 1 January 2017 – 31 December 2017. This research is a descriptive retrospective by collecting 148 secondary data from the medical records in RSUD Dr. Soetomo period 1 January 2017 – 31 December 2017. Decubitus ulcer mostly be found in elderly (>65 years old) and was dominated by women. The most common disease that associated with decubitus ulcer is trauma (spinal cord injury and lower extremity fracture). The onset of decubitus ulcer in RSUD Dr. Soetomo patients is mostly more than 7 days. The prognosis and outcome of patients with decubitus ulcer are mostly dubia, with 2nd degree of ulcer and in alive condition.
Preparation of Organic Seleno cystine Using Locally Isolated Yeast
Authors: Houssein Kamel Fouad
Published: December 2019

selenium is a toxic inorganic form at very low concentration to the life, while theorganic-selenium compound sareappre ciableinterest and various of them haveessentialrolesinnutritionalscienceandcellbiochemistry.Selenium-enrichedyeast(Seyeast)isapublicformofseleniumusedtoadditionaldietaryintakeofthisessentialtracemineral.Inthisstudy,weprepareanorganicselenocystinebyusinglocallyisolatedbakeryyeast(Saccharomycescerevisiae).Anovellocallyprepareddateextractmediaenrichedby0.2%potassiumphosphate(KH2PO4),0.6%ammoniumsulfatewasadoptedasalternativeculturemedia.Seleniumsaltwas used in differentconcentrations(30,60,120and240μg/mL),whichwereaddedtotheyeastculturemedia.Whilethebestconcentrationofseleniumaddedwas30μg/mL,itachievedoptimalconditionsforthegrowthof red coloryea stidentical to the standard.Theorganicselenocystine ereanalyzed by High Performance LiquidChromatography (HPLC) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) comparing with standard product obtained from Sigma. Results confirmedtheformationofsimilarselenocystineproducts
The Role of Bio Fertilizer in Reduction of Irrigation Periodsfor the Yield and Components of Mung Bean
Authors: Abed Al-Kadhim Kamal Jawad , Abbas Jawad Maytham
Published: December 2019

A field study has been conducted during autumn season of  2016 at Karbala province of  Hindiaby mung bean plant Vigna radiate L. is a local category to study the interrelated effect of both the Mycorrhiza  fungi (Glomusmosseae(and the Rhizobia bacteria (R.leguminosarum)Under levels of water stress. Three treatments of irrigation are used ; (S1 irrigation every 5 days and S2 irrigation every 10 days and S3 irrigation every 15 days) and four levels of Bio fertilizer are used (without inoculation) (C0)and (Rhizobium inoculation) (R) and (mycorrhiza inoculation)(M) and (the interaction between mycorrhiza and Rhizobium) (M+R).  A split plot in randomized complete block design is used with three replications to do this experiment. Treatments of irrigation are used as main plots while Bio fertilizer levels are used as sub-plot. Least significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability is used to compare between the means.

   The results showed irrigation every 5 days (S1) was superior in having  the highest average of (The dry weight of the root, number of pod per plant, number of  seeds per pod ,100 seeds weight ,seed yield ,Biological yield) Amount(0.78 gm. Plant-1, 31.33 pods. Plant-1 , 8.45 seed .pod-1 , 3.82 gm ,3.77  tan .ha-1 , 7.37tan .ha-1) respectively. without significant difference between them treatmentof irrigation 10 days (S2) in 100-seed weight3.50  gm. Moreover treatment Bio fertilizer (R+M) significantly gives the highest means for yield and yield components (0.89 gm. Plant-1, 33.64pods. Plant-1, 8.42  seed .pod-1, 4.10 gm , 4.00 tan .ha-1, 7.70 tan .ha-1) respectively. The interaction among (R+M)S1,(R+M)S2 and(M)S1 significantly give the highest means for all plant characteristics
The Effect Study of Different Levels of Rapeseed Meal on Some Productive and Physiological Characteristics in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Ghazi Abdul Shaheed AL-Fatlawi Hayder
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted to assess the effect of different ratio of Rapeseed meal on some productive and physiological characteristics in Broiler chickens

This study include 63 bird sample with age of 21 days that had been divided into 3 groups treatment with (control (C) 0% , T1 5%, T2 10% ) of Rapeseed meal respectively and each group included to three replication . The poultry dietary and water were supplied freely in front of birds during whole study period . The results were as follow :

There was no significant differences in bird weight in all treatments. And there was significant decrease in feed intake and significant increase in feed conversion ratio (FCR) in T2 in comparison with (C , T1)

There was no significant differences in uric acid serum concentration for all groups and significant increase in serum cholesterol in T2 in comparison with (C , T1). There were significant differences between all groups in serum glucose level. There was significant decrease in serum glucose level by increase the Rapeseed meal ratio (5%, 10%) respectively in comparison with control .

According to results , it could be used Rapeseed meal with 10 % ratio in Broiler chickens feed that gives the best FCR
Recurrence and Mortality Rates Among Receivers and Decliners of Conventional Adjuvant Breast Cancer Treatments
Authors: Kim Eunjung , Standish Leanna J , Andersen M Robyn
Published: December 2019

Objectives:
This paper compared Recurrence and Morality rates among women with breast cancer who received all recommended treatment (Receivers) and who did not (Decliners).
Methods:
427 women were recruited through integrative oncology clinics and the Cancer Surveillance System (CSS) registry in Western Washington State. Secondary data analysis were conducted using descriptive statistics, t-tests, X2 tests, and R. Self-reported data included household income and comorbidity; medical records included dates of diagnosis, recurrence and last visit with medical oncologist; and CSS registry data included demographic, disease characteristics, and records on recommended treatments and receiving/declining them, and date of death.
Results:
9% of Receivers and 2% of Decliners experienced a Disease Free Survival (DFS) limiting event commonly a recurrence, while 3% of Receivers and 2% of Decliners died. After controlling for stage at diagnosis and cohort, no difference was found on the Adjusted Hazard ratio of recurrence or mortality between Receivers and Decliners. Adjusted Hazard ratio of Decliners relative to Receivers was 0.29 (95% CI; 0.04 – 2.22, p = 0.22) for DFS and 0.50 (95% CI: 0.04, 6.49, p = 0.59) for mortality.
Conclusions:
Better clinical predictors among Decliners may be related to no rate difference in recurrence and mortality between Decliners than Receivers.
Integration of Soil Electrical Conductivity and Indices Obtained through Satellite Imagery for Differential Management of Pasture Fertilization
Authors: Serrano João , Shahidian Shakib , Marques da Silva José , Paixão Luís , Calado José , Carvalho Mário de
Published: December 2019

Dryland pastures in the Alentejo region, located in the south of Portugal, normally occupy soils that have low fertility but, simultaneously, important spatial variability. Rational application of fertilizers requires knowledge of spatial variability of soil characteristics and crop response, which reinforces the interest of technologies that facilitates the identification of homogeneous management zones (HMZ). In this work, a pasture field of about 25 ha, integrated in the Montado mixed ecosystem (agro-silvo-pastoral), was monitored. Surveys of apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) were carried out in November 2017 and October 2018 with a Veris 2000 XA contact sensor. A total of 24 sampling points (30 × 30 m) were established in tree-free zones to allow readings of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI). Historical time series of these indices were obtained from satellite imagery (Sentinel-2) in winter and spring 2017 and 2018. Three zones with different potential productivity were defined based on the results obtained in terms of spatial variability and temporal stability of the measured parameters. These are the basis for the elaboration of differentiated prescription maps of fertilizers with variable application rate technology, taking into account the variability of soil characteristics and pasture development, contributing to the sustainability of this ecosystem.
Protection of Dairy Cattle in the EU: State of Play and Directions for Policymaking from a Legal and Animal Advocacy Perspective
Authors: Nalon Elena , Stevenson Peter
Published: December 2019

With the exception of a detailed Directive for calves, the welfare of dairy cattle is not regulated by species-specific legislation in the European Union. Their basic protection falls under the provisions of Directive 98/58/EC, also known as the “General Farm Animals Directive”. Article 3 of this Directive states: “Member States shall make provision to ensure that the owners or keepers take all reasonable steps to ensure the welfare of animals under their care and to ensure that those animals are not caused any unnecessary pain, suffering or injury”. However, recent reports show that the welfare of dairy cows in the EU is not sufficiently monitored and that serious problems persist. Lameness, mastitis, cubicle design, flooring, cleanliness, and permanent tethering remain critical areas. We argue that, to demonstrate compliance with Article 3 of Directive 98/58, farmers and Member States should urgently address these issues. The increasing proportion of cows that are never allowed to graze and high milk yields are also reasons for concern and will need to be addressed as a matter of priority in future EU guides to good practice and, eventually, legislation.
In ovo Injection of a Galacto-Oligosaccharide Prebiotic in Broiler Chickens Submitted to Heat-Stress: Impact on Transcriptomic Profile and Plasma Immune Parameters
Authors: Bertocchi Micol , Zampiga Marco , Luise Diana , Vitali Marika , Sirri Federico , Slawinska Anna , Tavaniello Siria , Palumbo Orazio , Archetti Ivonne , Maiorano Giuseppe , Bosi Paolo , Trevisi Paolo
Published: December 2019

This study investigated the effects of a galactooligosaccharide (GOS) prebiotic in ovo injected on intestinal transcriptome and plasma immune parameters of broiler chickens kept under thermoneutral (TN) or heat stress (HS) conditions. Fertilized Ross 308 eggs were injected in ovo with 0.2 mL physiological saline without (control, CON) or with 3.5 mg of GOS (GOS). Three-hundred male chicks/injection treatment (25 birds/pen) were kept in TN or HS (30 °C) conditions during the last growing phase, in a 2 × 2 factorial design. At slaughter, from 20 birds/injection group (half from TN and half from HS), jejunum and cecum were collected for transcriptome analysis, and plasma was collected. No differences in plasma parameters (IgA and IgG, serum amyloid) and no interaction between injection treatment and environment condition were found. GOS-enriched gene sets related to energetic metabolism in jejunum, and to lipid metabolism in cecum, were involved in gut barrier maintenance. A homogeneous reaction to heat stress was determined along the gut, which showed downregulation of the genes related to energy and immunity, irrespective of in ovo treatment. GOS efficacy in counteracting heat stress was scarce after ten days of environmental treatment, but the in ovo supplementation modulates group of genes in jejunum and cecum of broiler chickens.
Integrated Design of Aerodynamic Performance and Structural Characteristics for Medium Thickness Wind Turbine Airfoil
Authors: Wang Quan , Huang Pan , Gan Di , Wang Jun
Published: December 2019

The currently geometric and aerodynamic characteristics for wind turbine airfoils with the medium thickness are studied to pursue maximum aerodynamic performance, while the interaction between blade stiffness and aerodynamic performance is neglected. Combining the airfoil functional integration theory and the mathematical model of the blade cross-section stiffness matrix, an integrated design method of aerodynamic performance and structural stiffness characteristics for the medium thickness airfoils is presented. The aerodynamic and structural comparison of the optimized WQ-A300 airfoil, WQ-B300 airfoil, and the classic DU97-W-300 airfoil were analyzed. The results show that the aerodynamic performance of the WQ-A300 and WQ-B300 airfoils are better than that of the DU97-W-300 airfoil. Though the aerodynamic performance of the WQ-B300 airfoil is slightly reduced compared to the WQ-A300 airfoil, its blade cross-sectional stiffness properties are improved as the flapwise and edgewise stiffness are increased by 6.2% and 8.4%, respectively. This study verifies the feasibility for the novel design method. Moreover, it also provides a good design idea for the wind turbine airfoils and blade structural properties with medium or large thickness.
Effects of Toe-Out and Toe-In Gaits on Lower-Extremity Kinematics, Dynamics, and Electromyography
Authors: Cui Weiling , Wang Changjiang , Chen Weiyi , Guo Yuan , Jia Yi , Du Weijin , Wang Chenyan
Published: December 2019

Toe-in and toe-out gait modifications have received increasing attention as an effective, conservative treatment for individuals without severe osteoarthritis because of its potential for improving knee adduction moment (KAM) and knee flexion moment (KFM). Although toe-in and toe-out gaits have positive effects on tibiofemoral (TF) joint pain in the short term, negative impacts on other joints of the lower extremity may arise. The main purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare the effects of foot progression angle (FPA) gait modification with normal walking speeds in healthy individuals on lower-extremity joint, ground reaction force (GRF), muscle electromyography, joint moment, and TF contact force. Experimental measurements using the Vicon system and multi-body dynamics musculoskeletal modelling using OpenSim were conducted in this study. Gait analysis of 12 subjects (n = 12) was conducted with natural gait, toe-in gait, and toe-out gait. One-way repeated measures of ANOVA (p < 0.05) with Tukey’s test was used for statistical analysis. Results showed that the toe-in and toe-out gait modifications decreased the max angle of knee flexion by 8.8 and 12.18 degrees respectively (p < 0.05) and the max angle of hip adduction by 1.28 and 0.99 degrees respectively (p < 0.05) compared to the natural gait. Changes of TF contact forces caused by FPA gait modifications were not statistically significant; however, the effect on KAM and KFM were significant (p < 0.05). KAM or combination of KAM and KFM can be used as surrogate measures for TF medial contact force. Toe-in and toe-out gait modifications could relieve knee joint pain probably due to redistribution of TF contact forces on medial and lateral condylar through changing lateral contact centers and shifting bilateral contact locations.
Polyphenol Characterization in Red Beverages of Carapa procera (D.C.) Leaf Extracts
Authors: Adjé Félix A. , Koffi Emmanuel N. , Koné Kisselmina Y. , Meudec Emmanuelle , Adima Augustin A. , Lozano Paul R. , Lozano Yves F. , Gaydou Emile M.
Published: December 2019

The red aqueous beverages of Carapa procera (D.C.) leaf extracts were investigated for their polyphenol contents using HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS, and semipreparative HPLC. Polyphenols were extracted, clarified, and concentrated using a multistep process including ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), cross-flow microfiltration (CFM), and reverse osmosis (RO). On the basis of analytical and semipreparative chromatographic techniques, 12 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified for the first time: 2 anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside), 5 phenolic acids (protocatechuic, the three caffeoylquinic isomers, and coumaroylquinic acid), and 5 flavonols (quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin aglycone, and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside). From the concentrated extract, it was possible to recover for anthocyanins (28.4 ± 0.3 µmol L−1 cyanidin equivalents) the two glycosides of cyanidin, for flavonols (1587 ± 3 µmol L−1 quercetin equivalents) the two glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol, and for phenolic acids (3650 ± 10 µmol L−1 gallic acid equivalents) chlorogenic and protocatechuic acids.
Overexpression of Banana ATG8f Modulates Drought Stress Resistance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Bing , Liu Guoyin , Wang Yuqi , Wei Yunxie , Shi Haitao
Published: December 2019

Autophagy is essential for plant growth, development, and stress resistance. However, the involvement of banana autophagy-related genes in drought stress response and the underlying mechanism remain elusive. In this study, we found that the transcripts of 10 banana ATG8s responded to drought stress in different ways, and MaATG8f with the highest transcript in response to drought stress among them was chosen for functional analysis. Overexpression of MaATG8f improved drought stress resistance in Arabidopsis, with lower malonaldehyde level and higher level of assimilation rate. On the one hand, overexpression of MaATG8f activated the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase under drought stress conditions, so as to regulate reactive oxygen species accumulation. On the other hand, MaATG8f-overexpressing lines exhibited higher endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level and more sensitivity to abscisic acid. Notably, the autophagosomes as visualized by CaMV35S::GFP–MaATG8f was activated after ABA treatment. Taken together, overexpression of MaATG8f positively regulated plant drought stress resistance through modulating reactive oxygen species metabolism, abscisic acid biosynthesis, and autophagic activity.
The Kiwifruit Allergen Act d 1 Activates NF-κB Signaling and Affects mRNA Expression of TJ Proteins and Innate Pro-Allergenic Cytokines
Authors: Nešić Andrijana , Čavić Milena , Popović Milica , Zlatanova Milena , Pieters Raymond , Smit Joost , Gavrović-Jankulović Marija
Published: December 2019

Impairment of the intestinal barrier is one of the key events in the initiation of the sensitization process in food allergy. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of kiwifruit allergen Act d 1 on intestinal permeability and tight junction protein (TJP) gene expression in vivo and to explore its potential to activate the NF-ĸB signaling pathway and to regulate expression of epithelial pro-allergenic cytokines. Influences of Act d 1 on TJP gene expression and pro-allergenic cytokines in the mouse intestine was analyzed by qPCR upon allergen administration by oral gavage. The effect on the in vivo intestinal permeability was assessed in ELISA by measuring the translocation of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) into circulation. The capacity of Act d 1 to activate the NF-ĸB pathway was tested in HEK293 cells by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. Administration of Actinidin (Act d 1) increased intestinal permeability to the BLG. This was accompanied by changes in gene expression of TJP mRNA and pro-allergenic cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) compared to the control. Act d 1 reduced TEER of the HEK293 monolayer, was positive in an NF-ĸB-reporter HEK293 cell assay, and induced secretion of TSLP. These findings shed more light on the molecular events in the sensitization process of kiwifruit but possibly also of other protease food allergens.
The Influence of Caregiver Distress and Child Anxiety in Predicting Child Somatization in Youth with Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders
Authors: Love Sarah C. , Mara Constance A. , Kalomiris Anne E. , Cunningham Natoshia R.
Published: December 2019

Pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) are associated with adverse outcomes including increased somatization (e.g., heightened physiological sensations that include gastroenterological and non-gastroenterological symptoms) and increased functional disability. Caregiver distress and child anxiety are separately associated with the adverse outcomes of pediatric FAPD. However, the cumulative role of caregiver (i.e., stress, anxiety, and depression) and child psychological functioning (anxiety) in relation to adverse outcomes associated with FAPD, and particularly somatization, is unclear. Thus, the present investigation sought to examine the role of caregiver distress and child anxiety in relation to pain-related functioning (i.e., somatization, pain intensity, functional disability) in youth with FAPD. Data were gathered as part of a larger study examining a psychological treatment for youth with FAPD. Participants (ages 9–14) with FAPD completed measures of child anxiety, pain, and pain-related functioning. Caregivers completed a measure of caregiver distress (e.g., stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms). Pearson correlations revealed significant positive associations between child anxiety and child functional disability. Additionally, caregiver anxiety, child anxiety, and child somatization were all significantly and positively correlated with one another. Therefore, we assessed whether child anxiety may potentially mediate the relationship between caregiver anxiety and child somatization in this cross-sectional study. The indirect association between caregiver anxiety and child somatization via child anxiety was not significant. Future research including longitudinal designs to further understand the relationship between caregiver anxiety, child anxiety, and child pain-related functioning, would enhance understanding of how these potentially modifiable psychological factors may impact adverse outcomes of FAPD.
Clinical Significance of MicroRNAs in Patients with Sepsis: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hasegawa Daisuke , Yamakawa Kazuma , Taniguchi Kohei , Murao Shuhei , Nishida Osamu
Published: December 2019

Sepsis is a dysregulated immune response that leads to organ dysfunction and has high mortality rates despite recent therapeutic advancements. Accurate diagnosis and risk stratification are important for effective sepsis treatment; however, no decisive diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers are currently available. To understand whether microRNA (miRNA) might be useful biomarkers of sepsis, we aim to assess the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of three miRNAs (122, 150, and 223) in sepsis patients via a meta-analysis of relevant published data. We will search electronic bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) for pertinent retrospective and prospective studies in October 2019. Two reviewers will evaluate the collected titles, abstracts, and full articles, and extract the data. We will assess the included studies using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. If feasible, we will use bivariate random effects and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) models to estimate summary ROCs, pooled sensitivity and specificity values, and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. We will evaluate heterogeneity via clinical and methodological subgroup and sensitivity analyses. This systematic review will clarify the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of select miRNAs in sepsis. It may also identify knowledge gaps in sepsis’ diagnosis and prognosis.
A New Method to Determine the Annual Energy Output of Liquid-Based Solar Collectors
Authors: Zukowski Miroslaw , Radzajewska Paulina
Published: December 2019

One of the most effective ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is the widespread use of solar panels. A new approach to estimating the annual energy output ESC of liquid-based solar thermal collectors is presented in this paper. The main parameters of the surrounding environment that affect the energy yield from solar water heating (SWH) systems are total solar radiation ES and outdoor air temperature θO. Here, two functions are developed that allow the specification of the ESC value based on these two previously determined factors. The article presents the subsequent stages that led to the development of this method. In the first step, the computer model of a solar domestic hot water (SDHW) system was built in the EnergyPlus environment. An object of the modeling procedure was the real solar installation located at Bialystok University of Technology. The database containing the annual energy output of the solar collectors, total solar radiation, and outdoor air temperature was developed based on the results of simulations made for 24 Polish cities. Then, the multiple regression method (implemented in Statistica v.13.1) was used to correlate these variables. Two contour graphs were also developed to determine the energy yield from solar collectors.
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology for the Sustainable Future of Stationary Applications
Authors: Felseghi Raluca-Andreea , Carcadea Elena , Raboaca Maria Simona , TRUFIN Cătălin Nicolae , Filote Constantin
Published: December 2019

The climate changes that are becoming visible today are a challenge for the global research community. The stationary applications sector is one of the most important energy consumers. Harnessing the potential of renewable energy worldwide is currently being considered to find alternatives for obtaining energy by using technologies that offer maximum efficiency and minimum pollution. In this context, new energy generation technologies are needed to both generate low carbon emissions, as well as identifying, planning and implementing the directions for harnessing the potential of renewable energy sources. Hydrogen fuel cell technology represents one of the alternative solutions for future clean energy systems. This article reviews the specific characteristics of hydrogen energy, which recommends it as a clean energy to power stationary applications. The aim of review was to provide an overview of the sustainability elements and the potential of using hydrogen as an alternative energy source for stationary applications, and for identifying the possibilities of increasing the share of hydrogen energy in stationary applications, respectively. As a study method was applied a SWOT analysis, following which a series of strategies that could be adopted in order to increase the degree of use of hydrogen energy as an alternative to the classical energy for stationary applications were recommended. The SWOT analysis conducted in the present study highlights that the implementation of the hydrogen economy depends decisively on the following main factors: legislative framework, energy decision makers, information and interest from the end beneficiaries, potential investors, and existence of specialists in this field.
Estimation of Fungal Diversity and Identification of Major Abiotic Drivers Influencing Fungal Richness and Communities in Northern Temperate and Boreal Quebec Forests
Authors: Genevieve Laperriere , Pierre-Luc Chagnon , Roxanne Giguère-Tremblay , Amélie Morneault , Danny Bisson , Vincent Maire , Hugo Germain
Published: December 2019

Fungi play important roles in forest ecosystems and understanding fungal diversity is crucial to address essential questions about species conservation and ecosystems management. Changes in fungal diversity can have severe impacts on ecosystem functionality. Unfortunately, little is known about fungal diversity in northern temperate and boreal forests, and we have yet to understand how abiotic variables shape fungal richness and composition. Our objectives were to make an overview of the fungal richness and the community composition in the region and identify their major abiotic drivers. We sampled 262 stands across the northern temperate and boreal Quebec forest located in the region of Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Mauricie, and Haute-Mauricie. At each site, we characterized fungal composition using Illumina sequencing, as well as several potential abiotic drivers (e.g., humus thickness, soil pH, vegetation cover, etc.). We tested effects of abiotic drivers on species richness using generalized linear models, while difference in fungal composition between stands was analyzed with permutational multivariate analysis of variance and beta-diversity partitioning analyses. Fungi from the order Agaricales, Helotiales, and Russulales were the most frequent and sites from the north of Abitibi-Témiscamingue showed the highest OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Unit) richness. Stand age and moss cover were the best predictors of fungal richness. On the other hand, the strongest drivers of fungal community structure were soil pH, average cumulative precipitation, and stand age, although much of community variance was left unexplained in our models. Overall, our regional metacommunity was characterized by high turnover rate, even when rare OTUs were removed. This may indicate strong environmental filtering by several unmeasured abiotic filters, or stronger than expected dispersal limitations in soil fungal communities. Our results show how difficult it can be to predict fungal community assembly even with high replication and efforts to include several biologically relevant explanatory variables.