bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Studies with Banana Fruit Slices I. Changes in the Incorporation of 14c Labelled Compounds in Response to Cutting
Authors: Mcglasson WB , Palmer M Vendrell JK , Brady CJ
Published: September 2016

Transverse slices of green banana fruit were vacuum-infiltrated with aqueous solutions of 14C-labelled metabolites and the non-metabolite a-methyl-D-glucoside immediately after cutting, and at 17 hr after cutting-i.e. near the peak of "induced" respiration.
Photometabolism of Glycollate by Euglena Gracilis
Authors: R Murray David , Grovanelli J , M Smillie Robert
Published: September 2016

The photometabolism of glycollate was investigated in E. gracilis, strain Z, an organism which can utilize glycollate as a single source of carbon in the light but not in the dark. The nature of the labelled products of the photometabolism of [1-14CJglycollate, [2_14CJglycollate, and [l-14CJglycine and the inhibition of growth on glycollate by isonicotinyl hydrazide and by ex-hydroxy-2-pyridine methane sul-phonate were consistent with the operation of a glycollate pathway of the type found in the leaves of higher plants. In addition, several enzymes associated with gly-collate metabolism in other photosynthetic organisms were demonstrated in cell-free extracts of E. gracilis grown with glycollate as the only carbon source. These included glycollate oxidase, NADPH: glyoxylate reductase, NADH: glyoxylate reductase (E.C.1.1.1.26), glycine transaminase (E.C.2.6.1.4), formyltetrahydro-folate synthetase (E.C. 6.3.4.3), and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (E.C. 2.1.2.1).
Studies on Marsupial Proteins IV. Amino Acid Sequence of Myoglobin From the Red Kangaroo, Megaleia Rufa
Authors: Air GM , Thompson EOP
Published: September 2016

Myoglobin isolated from skeletal muscle of M. rufa consists of a single component containing 153 amino acid residues. The complete amino acid sequence has been determined. Oleavage with cyanogen bromide gave four polypeptides which were further fragmented by digestion with trypsin or chymotrypsin. The amino acid sequences of the peptides obtained were determined by the "dansyl"-Edman procedure. The order of the cyanogen bromide fragments was readily deduced from terminal sequences. Digestion of maleylated myoglobin with trypsin and cleavage at histidine residues with N-bromosuccinimide gave some overlapping sequences. Amino acid sequences in myoglobins are more conservative than in the ,B-chains of haemoglobin previously studied (Air and Thompson 1969) but the red kangaroo myoglobin shows more variation in amino acid sequence than has been found in myoglobins from other species.
Effect of Rec-3 on Polarity of Recombination in the Animation-1 Locus of Neurospora Crassa
Authors: Smyth DR
Published: September 2016

Crosses between am-I alleles 6 and 11 produce am-I+ recombinants (proto-trophs) eightfold less frequently in the presence of rec-3+, an unlinked dominant gene. A factor also controls the relative proportions of the two classes of prototrophs with parental combinations of the flanking markers spray (5 units proximal) and histidine-I (3 units distal). Those prototrophs with the same combination as the am-16 parent are reduced from 81 to 59% of the two classes. This factor segregated in complete association with rec-3+ in 12 offspring of a rec-3 X rec-3+ cross. It is probably rec-3+ itself.
Systematic Study of Preimplantation Stages of Pregnancy in the Sheep
Authors: Bindon BM
Published: September 2016

Pregnant and non� pregnant ewes were killed at various times during the period up to 15 days after service. The purpose of the study was to examine a number of parameters related to ovarian and uterine activity with a view to establishing the point at which the embryo first has measurable effects on the physiology of the ewe.
Surfactant adsorption kinetics in microfluidics
Authors: Riechers Birte , Maes Florine , Akoury Elias , Semin Benoît , Gruner Philipp , Baret Jean-Christophe
Published: September 2016

Significance

Surfactant adsorption to interfaces is a dynamic process of relevance for foaming, emulsification, and detergency. Although the process has been described for centuries now, the rational measurement of adsorption and desorption constants, as well as the modeling of the binding mechanism, is still subject to many assumptions. The prevalence of transport through the bulk in classic measurements limits the reliability of the analysis. Microfluidics provides a means to achieve small sizes and significant droplet velocity to alleviate the limiting step of surfactant bulk transport. Adsorption kinetics are measured directly to make a link among droplet stabilization, ion exchange, and coalescence.
Antimicrobial lipopeptide tridecaptin A1selectively binds to Gram-negative lipid II
Authors: Cochrane Stephen A. , Findlay Brandon , Bakhtiary Alireza , Acedo Jeella Z. , Rodriguez-Lopez Eva M. , Mercier Pascal , Vederas John C.
Published: September 2016

Significance

The increasing development of antimicrobial resistance is a major global concern, and there is an urgent need for the development of new antibiotics. We show that the antimicrobial lipopeptide tridecaptin A1selectively binds to the Gram-negative analogue of peptidoglycan precursor lipid II, disrupting the proton motive force and killing Gram-negative bacteria. We present an example of the selective targeting of Gram-negative lipid II and a binding mode to this peptidoglycan precursor. No persistent resistance develops against tridecaptin A1inEscherichia colicells exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of this peptide during a 1-mo period. This study showcases the excellent antibiotic properties of the tridecaptins in an age where new antibiotics that target Gram-negative bacteria are desperately needed.
Mammalian Period represses and de-represses transcription by displacing CLOCK–BMAL1 from promoters in a Cryptochrome-dependent manner
Authors: Chiou Yi-Ying , Yang Yanyan , Rashid Naim , Ye Rui , Selby Christopher P. , Sancar Aziz
Published: September 2016

Significance

The mammalian circadian clock is controlled by a transcription-translation feedback loop consisting of transcriptional activators circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK)–brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1), which function as a complex at E/E'-box elements, and repressors Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1)/CRY2 and PER1/PER2. CRYs repress upon binding as CRY–CLOCK–BMAL1–E-box complexes. Period proteins (PERs) repress by removing the heterotrimeric complexes from the E-box. We report here that in the
Cry1
promoter, the CRY1–CLOCK–BMAL1–E-box complex represses a transcriptional activator acting in cis, and removal of the heterotrimeric complex by PER2 de-represses the transcriptional activator. ChIP-seq and RNA-seq experiments identified other genes also de-repressed by PER2. These data clarify the role of PER2 and reveal the level of complexity in regulation of
Cry1
and other circadian-controlled genes.
Noninvasive chromosome screening of human embryos by genome sequencing of embryo culture medium for in vitro fertilization
Authors: Xu Juanjuan , Fang Rui , Chen Li , Chen Daozhen , Xiao Jian-Ping , Yang Weimin , Wang Honghua , Song Xiaoqing , Ma Ting , Bo Shiping , Shi Chong , Ren Jun , Huang Lei , Cai Li-Yi , Yao Bing , Xie X. Sunney , Lu Sijia
Published: September 2016

Significance

In in vitro fertilization (IVF), current methods of diagnosing chromosome abnormality and screening for viability of transfer require biopsy of embryos, which affects embryo quality, awaits long-term biosafety test, and requires specialized skills. We demonstrate the principle of noninvasive chromosome screening (NICS), which is based on sequencing the genomic DNA secreted into the culture medium from the embryo, avoiding the need for embryo biopsy and substantially increasing the safety. By characterizing its precision and demonstrating successful live births, we validate that NICS offers the potential of significantly improving the clinical outcome of IVF.
Stationary QH-mode plasmas with high and wide pedestal at low rotation on DIII-D
Authors: Chen Xi , Burrell K.H. , Osborne T.H. , Solomon W.M. , Barada K. , Garofalo A.M. , Groebner R.J. , Luhmann N.C. , McKee G.R. , Muscatello C.M. , Ono M. , Petty C.C. , Porkolab M. , Rhodes T.L. , Rost J.C. , Snyder P.B. , Staebler G.M. , Tobias B.J. , Yan Z.
Published: September 2016

A stationary, quiescent H-mode (QH-mode) regime with a wide pedestal and improved confinement at low rotation has been discovered on DIII-D with reactor relevant edge parameters and no ELMs. As the injected neutral beam torque is ramped down and the edge E  ×  B rotation shear reduces, the transition from standard QH to the wide pedestal QH-mode occurs. At the transition, the coherent edge harmonic oscillations (EHO) that usually regulate the standard QH edge cease and broadband edge MHD modes appear along with a rapid increase in the pedestal pressure height (by  ⩽60%) and width (by  ⩽50%). We posit that the enhanced edge turbulence-driven transport, enabled by the lower edge E  ×  B flow shear due to lower torque reduces the pedestal gradient and, combined with the high edge instability limit provided by the balanced double-null plasma shape, permits the development of a broader and thus higher pedestal that is turbulence-transport-limited. Even with the significantly enhanced pedestal pressure, the edge operating point is below the peeling ballooning mode stability boundary and thus without ELMs. Improved transport in the outer core region (0.8  ⩽  ρ  ⩽0.9) owing to increased E  ×  B flow shear in that region and the enhanced pedestal boost the overall confinement by up to 45%. These findings advance the physics basis for developing stationary ELM-free high-confinement operation at low rotation for future burning plasma where similar collisionality and rotation levels are expected.
Fast measurements of the electron temperature and parallel heat flux in ELMy H-mode on the COMPASS tokamak
Authors: Adamek J. , Seidl J. , Komm M. , Weinzettl V. , Panek R. , Stöckel J. , Hron M. , Hacek P. , Imrisek M. , Vondracek P. , Horacek J. , Devitre A.
Published: September 2016

We report the latest results on fast measurements of the electron temperature and parallel heat flux in the COMPASS tokamak scrape-off layer (SOL) and divertor region during ELMy H-mode plasmas. The system of ball-pen and Langmuir probes installed on the divertor target, the horizontal reciprocating manipulator and the fast data-acquisition system with sampling frequency rate f  =  5 MSa s−1 allow us to measure the electron temperature and parallel heat flux during inter-ELM and ELM periods with high temporal resolution. The filamentary structure of the electron temperature and parallel heat flux was observed during ELMs in the SOL as well as in the divertor region. The position of the filaments within ELMs is not regular and therefore the resulting conditionally averaged ELM neglects the peak values of the electron temperature and parallel heat flux. We have found a substantial difference between the value of the radial power decay length in the inter-ELM period λ

q,inter  =  2.5 mm and the decay length of the peak ELM heat flux λ

q,ELM  =  13.1 mm. The decay length of the ELM energy density was found to be λ

E,ELM  =  5.4 mm.
Scenario development for high βp low torque plasma with qmin above 2 and large-radius internal transport barrier in DIII-D
Authors: Ding S. , Xu G.S. , Wang Q. , Solomon W.M. , Zhao Y. , Gong X. , Garofalo A.M. , Holcomb C.T. , McKee G. , Yan Z. , Wang H.Q. , Qian J. , Wan B.N.
Published: September 2016

A recent experiment on DIII-D, which was conducted by the joint research team from DIII-D and EAST, has extended the previous high

β

p

, high q
min regime, which has been tested in the 2013 DIII-D/EAST joint experiment, to inductive operation at higher plasma current (

I

p

=
0.8

MA) and significantly higher normalized fusion performance (

G
=

H

89

β

N

/

q

95

2

=
0.16

). The experiment aims at exploring high performance scenario with

q

m
i
n

>
2

and reduced torque for long pulse operation, which can be potentially extrapolated to EAST. The effort was largely motivated by the interest in developing a feasible scenario for long-pulse high performance operation with low torque on EAST. Very high confinement, H
89  =  3.5 or

H

98
,
y
2

=
2.1

with

β

N

∼
3.0

, has been achieved transiently in this experiment together with

q

m
i
n

>
2

and reduced NBI torque (

3
∼
5

N m). The excellent confinement is associated with the spontaneous formation of an internal transport barrier (ITB) in plasmas with

I

p

=
0.8

MA at large minor radius (normalized

ρ
∼
0.7

) in all channels (n
e, T
e, T
i,

V

ϕ

, especially strong in the T
e channel). Fluctuation measurements show a significant reduction in the fluctuation levels, including AE modes and broadband turbulence, at the location where an ITB forms. Linear gyrokinetic simulations also support the decrease of the growth rate of the most unstable mode during strong ITB formation. The simulation implies that strong suppression of turbulence and a positive feedback loop may be active in this process and is responsible for the spontaneous formation of large-radius ITB. In an unstable ITB phase, an ELM crash is observed to have a positive effect on transient formation of large-radius ITB. The formation of this kind of ITB is found to have a shielding (protecting) effect on the core plasma while isolating the perturbation due to ELM crash.
Self-consistent modeling of DEMOs with 1.5D BALDUR integrated predictive modeling code
Authors: Wisitsorasak A. , Somjinda B. , Promping J. , Onjun T.
Published: September 2016

Self-consistent simulations of four DEMO designs proposed by teams from China, Europe, India, and Korea are carried out using the BALDUR integrated predictive modeling code in which theory-based models are used, for both core transport and boundary conditions. In these simulations, a combination of the NCLASS neoclassical transport and multimode (MMM95) anomalous transport model is used to compute a core transport. The boundary is taken to be at the top of the pedestal, where the pedestal values are described using a pedestal temperature model based on a combination of magnetic and flow shear stabilization, pedestal width scaling and an infinite- n ballooning pressure gradient model and a pedestal density model based on a line average density. Even though an optimistic scenario is considered, the simulation results suggest that, with the exclusion of ELMs, the fusion gain Q obtained for these reactors is pessimistic compared to their original designs, i.e. 52% for the Chinese design, 63% for the European design, 22% for the Korean design, and 26% for the Indian design. In addition, the predicted bootstrap current fractions are also found to be lower than their original designs, as fractions of their original designs, i.e. 0.49 (China), 0.66 (Europe), and 0.58 (India). Furthermore, in relation to sensitivity, it is found that increasing values of the auxiliary heating power and the electron line average density from their design values yield an enhancement of fusion performance. In addition, inclusion of sawtooth oscillation effects demonstrate positive impacts on the plasma and fusion performance in European, Indian and Korean DEMOs, but degrade the performance in the Chinese DEMO.
Feasibility study of a non-invasive eye fixation and monitoring device using a right-angle prism mirror for intensity-modulated radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma
Authors: Inoue Toshihiko , Masai Norihisa , Shiomi Hiroya , Oh Ryoong-Jin , Uemoto Kenji , Hashida Noriyasu
Published: September 2016

We aimed to describe the feasibility and efficacy of a novel non-invasive fixation and monitoring (F-M) device for the eyeballs (which uses a right-angle prism mirror as the optic axis guide) in three consecutive patients with choroidal melanoma who were treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). The device consists of an immobilization shell, a right-angle prism mirror, a high magnification optical zoom video camera, a guide lamp, a digital voice recorder, a personal computer, and a National Television System Committee standard analog video cable. Using the right-angle prism mirror, the antero–posterior axis was determined coincident with the optic axis connecting the centers of the cornea and pupil. The axis was then connected to the guide light and video camera installed on the couch top on the distal side. Repositioning accuracy improved using this method. Furthermore, the positional error of the lens was markedly reduced from ±1.16, ±1.68 and ±1.11 mm to ±0.23, ±0.58 and ±0.26 mm in the horizontal direction, and from ±1.50, ±1.03 and ±0.48 mm to ±0.29, ±0.30 and ±0.24 mm in the vertical direction (Patient #1, #2 and #3, respectively). Accordingly, the F-M device method decreased the planning target volume size and improved the dose–volume histogram parameters of the organ-at-risk via IMRT inverse planning. Importantly, the treatment method was well tolerated.
Acceptance of Mental Illness Among Men
Authors: Mizock Lauren , Russinova Zlatka
Published: September 2016

This chapter explores the unique barriers and facilitators to acceptance that men with serious mental illness may experience. The values associated with traditional masculinity are discussed as they pertain to the process of accepting mental illness. Barriers specific to men in our research studies are detailed, including avoidance of help-seeking and self-medication with substance abuse. In addition, the literature on misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis of mental health conditions among men is presented. Facilitators to the process of acceptance for men in the present research are discussed, including accessing supportive relationships and other mental health resources. Several participant case narratives are provided in order to demonstrate the impact of various masculinities on the process of acceptance. A clinical strategies list, discussion questions, activities, the “Men’s Acceptance of Mental Health Worksheet,” and an explanatory table are included at the close of the chapter.
Session 9: Restaurant Eating; Handling Weekends and Special Occasions
Authors: Forman Evan M. , Butryn Meghan L.
Published: September 2016

This chapter (Session 9) provides strategies on navigating restaurant eating and weekends and special occasions without abandoning weight control goals. Specific strategies such as planning ahead, choosing food items wisely, setting goals, and seeking support from friends and family are discussed.
Session 25: Celebrating Accomplishments
Authors: Forman Evan M. , Butryn Meghan L.
Published: September 2016

This chapter (Session 25) is focused on recognizing clients’ accomplishments and summarizes important behaviors to maintain after treatment ends. In addition, the session reviews material learned in the program.
Evolution and statistics of non-sphericity of dark matter halos from cosmological N-body simulation
Authors: Suto Daichi , Kitayama Tetsu , Nishimichi Takahiro , Sasaki Shin , Suto Yasushi
Published: September 2016

We revisit the non-sphericity of cluster-mass-scale halos from cosmological N-body simulation on the basis of triaxial modeling. In order to understand the difference between the simulation results and the conventional ellipsoidal collapse model (EC), we first consider the evolution of individual simulated halos. The major difference between EC and the simulation becomes appreciable after the turnaround epoch. Moreover, it is sensitive to the individual evolution history of each halo. Despite such strong dependence on individual halos, the resulting non-sphericity of halos exhibits weak but robust mass dependence in a statistical fashion; massive halos are more spherical up to the turnaround, but gradually become less spherical by z = 0. This is clearly inconsistent with the EC prediction: massive halos are usually more spherical. In addition, at z = 0, inner regions of the simulated halos are less spherical than outer regions; that is, the density distribution inside the halos is highly inhomogeneous and therefore not self-similar (concentric ellipsoids with the same axis ratio and orientation). This is also inconsistent with the homogeneous density distribution that is commonly assumed in EC. Since most of previous fitting formulae for the probability distribution function (PDF) of the axis ratio of triaxial ellipsoids have been constructed under the self-similarity assumption, they are not accurate. Indeed, we compute the PDF of the projected axis ratio a1/a2 directly from the simulation data without the self-similarity assumption, and find that it is very sensitive to the assumption. The latter needs to be carefully taken into account in direct comparison with observations, and therefore we provide an empirical fitting formula for the PDF of a1/a2. Our preliminary analysis suggests that the derived PDF of a1/a2 roughly agrees with the current weak-lensing observations. More importantly, the present results will be useful for future exploration of the non-sphericity of clusters in X-ray and optical observations.
An urgent finding on a cervical spine MRI
Authors: Matande Jessica
Published: September 2016

Cervical myelopathy is the most common spinal cord disorder in patients age 55 years and older in the United States. A high index of suspicion is critical for detecting early signs and symptoms and initiating early intervention, which directly correlates with better patient outcomes.
An interesting case of intracerebral MRSA
Authors: Estridge Robert , Contini Shawnelle
Published: September 2016

This article describes a patient whose intracerebral MRSA may have been caused by a spider bite to the thigh 2 months earlier. The patient's headache, nausea, and vomiting initially were thought to be caused by a high-grade glioma. Most brain abscesses have otogenic sources and are not from distant hematogenous spread. Although systemic antibiotics help with symptomatology, surgical eradication (when feasible) followed by IV antibiotics, provides definitive treatment.
Three-dimensional and volumetric thoracic growth in children with moderate idiopathic scoliosis compared with normal
Authors: Charles Yann Philippe , Marcoul Amélie , Schaeffer Mickaël , Canavese Federico , Diméglio Alain
Published: September 2016

We aimed to measure thoracic dimensions and volume in relation to growth and verify the influence of scoliosis on thoracic growth. A reference group of 294 healthy volunteers was compared with a group of 557 patients with idiopathic scoliosis ranging in age from 3 to 25 years. The optical ORTEN system for trunk surface data acquisition was used to calculate thoracic volume, perimeter, anterior–posterior and transversal diameters, T1–T12 length, and sternal length. There was no significant difference in thoracic dimensions and volume between scoliosis and reference groups in either girls or boys. Thoracic volume correlated with weight and with sitting height. The transversal diameter represented ∼30%, the anterior–posterior diameter 20%, and the thoracic perimeter 100% of sitting height. Mild and moderate scoliosis does not affect thoracic diameters and volume at any stage of growth. Relationships between thoracic parameters and sitting height are valuable indicators in clinical practice. They do not differ between normal individuals and scoliotic patients with moderate trunk asymmetry.
Patients' Perceptions and Experiences of a mHealth Diabetes Self-management System
Authors: Georgsson Mattias , Staggers Nancy
Published: September 2016

Chronic diseases, including diabetes, constitute a substantial disease burden around the world. Mobile self-management systems now play a significant and increasingly important role in patients' disease management. Yet, patients' perceptions of these systems after longer-term use are largely unexplored. A random sample of 10 diabetes patients was assessed immediately after they exited a larger, 6-month randomized controlled trial on the use of a mHealth system called Care4Life. This descriptive, exploratory study assessed patients' perceptions and experiences of mHealth using a questionnaire and semistructured interview whose development was guided by the Technology Acceptance Model. Results indicated that patients saw clear benefits in using the technology and had favorable behavioral disease outcomes after using Care4Life. Suggestions for improving the system were highly individual despite the apparent homogeneity of the patient group. The study begins to fill the gap about the longer-term use of mHealth systems in chronic disease management and reflects the significance of individual needs for mHealth systems.
Myocardial Recovery in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy After Hyperprolactinemia Treatment on BIVAD
Authors: Wiedemann Dominik , Schlöglhofer Thomas , Riebandt Julia , Neuner Markus , Tschernko Edda , Schima Heinrich , Zimpfer Daniel
Published: September 2016

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCMP) requiring mechanical circulatory support is rare; however, it is a life-threatening disease with recovery rates poorer than expected. Herein, we describe a case of successful recovery of a patient with PPCMP. Implantation of a biventricular ventricular assist device was performed; additionally, the patient’s hyperprolactinemia was treated with cabergoline, resulting in a fast complete restoration of ventricular function.
How to Move Beyond the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders/International Classification of Diseases
Authors: Schildkrout Barbara
Published: September 2016

A new nosology for mental disorders is needed as a basis for effective scientific inquiry. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and International Classification of Diseases diagnoses are not natural, biological categories, and these diagnostic systems do not address mental phenomena that exist on a spectrum. Advances in neuroscience offer the hope of breakthroughs for diagnosing and treating major mental illness in the future. At present, a neuroscience-based understanding of brain/behavior relationships can reshape clinical thinking. Neuroscience literacy allows psychiatrists to formulate biologically informed psychological theories, to follow neuroscientific literature pertinent to psychiatry, and to embark on a path toward neurologically informed clinical thinking that can help move the field away from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and International Classification of Diseases conceptualizations. Psychiatrists are urged to work toward attaining neuroscience literacy to prepare for and contribute to the development of a new nosology.
Student Success Survey
Authors: McLain Rhonda M. , Fifolt Matthew , Dawson Martha A. , Su Wei , Milligan Gary , Davis Sandra , Hites Lisle
Published: September 2016

Diversity in the nursing workforce has a positive impact on the quality of care provided to minority patients. Although the number of students from diverse backgrounds entering nursing programs has increased, the attrition rate of these students remains high. This study assessed the construct validity of a self-assessment tool that can be used by faculty advisors to determine individual academic needs of students.
Power Profiles of Commercial Multifocal Soft Contact Lenses
Authors: Kim Eon , Bakaraju Ravi C. , Ehrmann Klaus
Published: September 2016

Purpose

To evaluate the optical power profiles of commercially available soft multifocal contact lenses and compare their optical designs.

Methods

The power profiles of 38 types of multifocal contact lenses—three lenses each—were measured in powers +6D, +3D, +1D, −1D, −3D, and −6D using NIMO TR1504 (Lambda-X, Belgium). All lenses were measured in phosphate buffered saline across 8 mm optic zone diameter. Refractive index of each lens material was measured using CLR 12-70 (Index Instruments, UK), which was used for converting measured power in the medium to in-air radial power profiles.

Results

Three basic types of power profiles were identified: center-near, center-distance, and concentric-zone ring-type designs. For most of the lens types, the relative plus with respect to prescription power was lower than the corresponding spectacle add. For some lens types, the measured power profiles were shifted by up to 1D across the power range relative to their labeled power. Most of the lenses were designed with noticeable amounts of spherical aberration. The sign and magnitude of spherical aberration can either be power dependent or consistent across the power range.

Conclusions

Power profiles can vary widely between the different lens types; however, certain similarities were also observed between some of the center-near designs. For the more recently released lens types, there seems to be a trend emerging to reduce the relative plus with respect to prescription power, include negative spherical aberration, and keep the power profiles consistent across the power range.
Proposed update to the taxonomy of the genera Hepacivirus and Pegivirus within the Flaviviridae family
Authors: Smith Donald B. , Becher Paul , Bukh Jens , Gould Ernest A. , Meyers Gregor , Monath Thomas , Muerhoff A. Scott , Pletnev Alexander , Rico-Hesse Rebecca , Stapleton Jack T. , Simmonds Peter
Published: September 2016

Proposals are described for the assignment of recently reported viruses, infecting rodents, bats and other mammalian species, to new species within the Hepacivirus and Pegivirus genera (family Flaviviridae). Assignments into 14 Hepacivirus species (Hepacivirus A–
N) and 11 Pegivirus species (Pegivirus A–
K) are based on phylogenetic relationships and sequence distances between conserved regions extracted from complete coding sequences for members of each proposed taxon. We propose that the species H
epatitis C virus is renamed Hepacivirus C in order to acknowledge its unique historical position and so as to minimize confusion. Despite the newly documented genetic diversity of hepaciviruses and pegiviruses, members of these genera remain phylogenetically distinct, and differ in hepatotropism and the possession of a basic core protein; pegiviruses in general lack these features. However, other characteristics that were originally used to support their division into separate genera are no longer definitive; there is overlap between the two genera in the type of internal ribosomal entry site and the presence of miR-122 sites in the 5′ UTR, the predicted number of N-linked glycosylation sites in the envelope E1 and E2 proteins, the presence of poly U tracts in the 3′ UTR and the propensity of viruses to establish a persistent infection. While all classified hepaciviruses and pegiviruses have mammalian hosts, the recent description of a hepaci-/pegi-like virus from a shark and the likely existence of further homologues in other non-mammalian species indicate that further species or genera remain to be defined in the future.
Wolbachia restricts insect-specific flavivirus infection in Aedes aegypti cells
Authors: Schnettler Esther , Sreenu Vatipally B. , Mottram Timothy , McFarlane Melanie
Published: September 2016

Mosquito-borne viruses are known to cause disease in humans and livestock and are often difficult to control due to the lack of specific antivirals and vaccines. The Wolbachia endosymbiont has been widely studied for its ability to restrict positive-strand RNA virus infection in mosquitoes, although little is known about the precise antiviral mechanism. In recent years, a variety of insect-specific viruses have been discovered in mosquitoes and an interaction with mosquito-borne viruses has been reported for some of them; however, nothing is known about the effect of Wolbachia on insect-specific virus infection in mosquitoes. Here, we show that transinfection of the Drosophila-derived wMelPop Wolbachia strain into Aedes aegypti-derived cells resulted in inhibition and even clearance of the persistent cell-fusing agent flavivirus infection in these cells. This broadens the antiviral activity of Wolbachia from acute infections to persistent infections and from arboviruses to mosquito-specific viruses. In contrast, no effect on the Phasi Charoen-like bunyavirus persistent infection in these cells was observed, suggesting a difference in Wolbachia inhibition between positive- and negative-strand RNA viruses.
An odor delivery system for arbitrary time-varying patterns of odors, mixtures and concentrations
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Albeanu Dinu F , Bhalla Upinder S
Published: September 2016

Odor stimuli in the natural environment are intermittent and the concentration of any given odor fluctuates rapidly over time. Further, even in the simplest scenario, the olfactory sensors receive uncorrelated, intermittent inputs in the form of odor plumes arising from several odor sources in the local environment. However, typically used odor stimuli under laboratory settings are restricted to long-duration (~seconds), single pulse of one odor at a time that are rarely encountered in nature. This inadequate choice of odor stimuli is due to the dearth of affordable odor delivery systems that can generate plume-like, naturalistic stimuli with high reproducibility such as to allow for repeat measurements under laboratory conditions. We thus developed an odor delivery system that generates arbitrary time-varying patterns of individual odors and ternary mixtures at time scales of ~20 Hz. Here, we provide a detailed description of the construction and output characterization of our odor delivery system.
Multiresolution functional brain parcellation in an elderly population with no or mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Tam Angela , Dansereau Christian , Badhwar AmanPreet , Orban Pierre , Belleville Sylvie , Chertkow Howard , Dagher Alain , Hanganu Alexandru , Monchi Oury , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Shmuel Amir , Breitner John , Bellec Pierre ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2016

We present group brain parcellations for clusters generated from resting-state functional magnetic resonance images for 99 cognitively normal elderly persons and 129 patients with mild cognitive impairment, pooled from four independent datasets. The brain parcellations have been registered to both symmetric and asymmetric MNI brain templates and generated using a method called bootstrap analysis of stable clusters (BASC, Bellec et al., 2010). Eight resolutions of clusters were selected using a data-driven method called MSTEPS (Bellec, 2013). We present two variants of these parcellations. One variant contains bihemisphereic parcels (4, 6, 12, 22, 33, 65, 111, and 208 total parcels across eight resolutions). The second variant contains spatially connected regions of interest (ROIs) that span only one hemisphere (10, 17, 30, 51, 77, 199, and 322 total ROIs across eight resolutions). We also present maps illustrating functional connectivity differences between patients and controls for four regions of interest (superior medial frontal cortex, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, striatum, middle temporal lobe). The brain parcels and associated statistical maps have been publicly released as 3D volumes, available in .mnc and .nii file formats on figshare (http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1480461) and on Neurovault (http://neurovault.org/collections/1003/). This dataset was generated as part of the following study: Tam A, Dansereau C, Badhwar A, Orban P, Belleville S, Chertkow H, Dagher A, Hanganu A, Monchi O, Rosa-Neto P, Shmuel A, Wang S, Breitner J, Bellec P for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (2015) Common Effects of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment on Resting-State Connectivity Across Four Independent Studies. Front. Aging Neurosci. 7:242. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00242  Finally, the code used to generate this dataset is available on Github (https://github.com/SIMEXP/mcinet).
A pipeline approach to single-particle processing in RELION
Authors: Fernandez-Leiro Rafael , Scheres Sjors H.W.
Published: September 2016

We describe the formal concept of a workflow to single-particle analysis of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) images in the RELION program. In this approach, the structure determination process is considered as a graph, where intermediate results in the form of images or metadata are the vertices, and different functionalities of the program are the edges. The new implementation automatically logs all user actions, facilitates file management and disk cleaning, and allows convenient browsing of a project’s history. Moreover, new functionality to iteratively execute consecutive jobs allows on-the-fly image processing, which will lead to more efficient data acquisition by providing faster feedback on data quality. The possibility to exchange data processing procedures among users will con-tribute to the development of standardised image processing procedures, and hence increase accessibility for new users in this rapidly expanding field.
Towards an efficient method of predicting vehicle-induced response of bridge
Authors: Sun Zhen , Zou Zilong
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a practical and efficient iterative method for predicting vehicle-induced response of bridge.

Design/methodology/approach

The vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI) problem is generalized mathematically and a computational algorithm for VBI is proposed. This method rests on an iterative procedure, which utilizes the whole interaction process for iteration. By this means, vehicle and bridge become totally uncoupled and are only linked by the contact force history. This method provides flexibility to choose simplified or refined vehicle and bridge models for the VBI problem, as well as open options for different commercial FEM software without specialized codes.

Findings

The method is verified through two numerical examples. The first example uses a simple 1D beam bridge model, which illustrates the procedure of this method and demonstrates its fast convergence in several iterations. The second example employs a realistic full 3D finite element bridge model, which shows that the method easily connects complex FEM bridge models in ABAQUS with a calibrated vehicle model in Matlab. The dynamic response of the bridge is reliably calculated within only a few iterations.

Originality/value

The proposed iterative method separates vehicle and bridge into independent subsystems in the computational process, thus providing more flexibility to utilize commercial FEM softwares. Its efficiency is realized through choosing the whole interaction force process for iteration, which considerably reduces the iteration steps.
Assimilation-accommodation mixed continuous ant colony optimization for fuzzy system design
Authors: Chen Chi-Chung , Shen Li Ping , Huang Chien-Feng , Chang Bao-Rong
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new population-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm, assimilation-accommodation mixed continuous ant colony optimization (ACACO), to improve the accuracy of Takagi-Sugeno-Kang-type fuzzy systems design.

Design/methodology/approach

The original N solution vectors in ACACO are sorted and categorized into three groups according to their ranks. The Research Learning scheme provides the local search capability for the best-ranked group. The Basic Learning scheme uses the ant colony optimization (ACO) technique for the worst-ranked group to approach the best solution. The operations of assimilation, accommodation, and mutation in Mutual Learning scheme are used for the middle-ranked group to exchange and accommodate the partial information between groups and, globally, search information. Only the N top-best-performance solutions are reserved after each iteration of learning.

Findings

The proposed algorithm outperforms some reported ACO algorithms for the fuzzy system design with the same number of rules. The performance comparison with various previously published neural fuzzy systems also shows its superiority even with a smaller number of fuzzy rules to those neural fuzzy systems.

Research limitations/implications

Future work will consider the application of the proposed ACACO to the recurrent fuzzy network.

Originality/value

The originality of this work is to mix the work of the well-known psychologist Jean Piaget and the continuous ACO to propose a new population-based optimization algorithm whose superiority is demonstrated.
Behavioural operations in healthcare: a knowledge sharing perspective
Authors: Mura Matteo , Lettieri Emanuele , Radaelli Giovanni , Spiller Nicola
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide arguments and empirical evidence that different knowledge sharing behaviours – i.e. sharing best practices, sharing mistakes, seeking feedbacks – are promoted and enabled by different types of knowledge assets, and differently affect employees’ innovative work behaviours.

Design/methodology/approach

The research framework includes four sets of constructs: employees’ innovative work behaviour, knowledge sharing, knowledge assets, psychological safety. The literature-grounded hypotheses were tested collecting data from healthcare professionals from three hospice and palliative care organisations in Italy. In all, 195 questionnaires were analysed using structural equations modelling technique.

Findings

First, findings show that the linkage between knowledge assets and knowledge sharing is both direct and indirect with psychological safety as relevant mediating construct. The linkage between relational and structural social capital and seeking feedbacks and sharing mistakes is fully mediated by psychological safety. Second, findings show that each dimension of knowledge sharing affects the different dimensions of employees’ innovative work behaviour – i.e. idea generation, idea promotion, idea implementation – in a distinct manner. While sharing of best practices influences all of them, seeking feedbacks affects idea promotion and sharing mistakes influences idea implementation.

Practical implications

The results provide operations managers with a clearer picture of how to pursue improvements of current operations by leveraging on knowledge sharing among employees through the creation of numerous, high-quality interpersonal relationships among employees, based on rich and cohesive network ties.

Originality/value

This study, by adopting a micro-level perspective, offers an original perspective on how knowledge assets and knowledge sharing initiatives may contribute to the engagement of innovative work behaviour by employees.
Entrepreneurial competences, liability of newness and infant survival
Authors: Abatecola Gianpaolo , Uli Vincenzo
Published: September 2016

Purpose

What entrepreneurial competences can increase the start-ups’ infant survival chances? How can the liability of newness be successfully handled? Positioned in this research stream, which, especially over recent years, has been particularly lively also in theJournal of Management Development, the purpose of this paper is to meet not only the research, but also the education and practice-oriented purposes of the journal.

Design/methodology/approach

How can routines’ exploitation counteract the liability of newness? How can entrepreneurial orientation oppose it? Why is the liability of adolescence important when discussing the performance of start-ups? To address these questions, taken separately into account, the paper presents a set of three case studies from the service industry, each of which is based on a specific research design.

Findings

The authors found that the routines’ exploitation mechanisms, the degree of entrepreneurial orientation of the founding team, and the stock of the initial assets, could be all considered consistent predictors of new ventures’ infant survival. The authors thus believe that the findings may offer a useful contribution both to current and prospective managers and entrepreneurs.

Originality/value

Stinchcombe’s assumption about the tremendous failure rate associated with the earliest stage of start-ups’ life cycle has been proved to be valid at least in the most recent evidence from both Europe and the USA. At the same time, formalizing a checklist of competences appropriate to increase the possibilities of organizational infant survival appears as a priority not yet accomplished. Thus, the study is aimed at providing some useful food for thought on this issue.
Linking the Big Five personality factors and career commitment dimensions
Authors: Arora Ridhi , Rangnekar Santosh
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship of the Big Five personality factors (extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, emotional stability, and intellect/openness to experience) with career commitment measured in terms of three factors as career identity, career resilience, and career planning.

Design/methodology/approach

The study included 363 managers from public and private sector organizations in North India.

Findings

The authors found that in the Indian context, openness to experience/intellect is the Big Five personality dimension that acts as the significant predictor of all the three dimensions of career commitment (career identity, career resilience, and career planning). Further, conscientiousness was found as the significant predictor of only career identity, which indicated Indian managers who are focused identify well with their career line. In addition, the Big Five personality dimension of agreeableness was found to have a positive significant influence on career planning. From this, the authors inferred that tendency to get along well with others helps Indian managers in enhancing their career planning.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the existing literature on personality and careers in the South-Asian context.
Refiguring a Caribbean school within and across local and global communities
Authors: Skerrett Allison
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the case of a school on the Caribbean island of Sint Maarten that was created to serve students who had experienced educational and other injustices in the broader society.

Design/methodology/approach

Using qualitative methods, the paper explores two research questions: how did Triumph Multiage School (TMS) conceptualize community and the goals of education, and how did these perspectives reflect or diverge from those of the local, national, and global educational communities to which TMS was connected? What was the nature of curriculum knowledge at TMS, and what points of alignment and difference existed among TMS’ curriculum knowledge and those of its local, national, and global educational communities?

Findings

Analysis found points of symmetry and disjunctures among TMS’ conceptualization of community, purposes of education, and curriculum and those of the local, national, and global educational communities to which it was connected. However the strength of ideological and sociopolitical boundaries separating TMS and its local and national communities constrained opportunities for building professional community and curriculum knowledge across them.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to research on the creation of new schools and teacher professional communities by demonstrating the need to expand the construct of community to include local and trans-global dimensions. Such a reconceptualization of community is essential for building professional capital and community that will equip schools and teachers to meet the social and educational needs of student populations in a globalized world.