bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid model of airlines as a determinant of the development of air carriers
Authors: Szymczak Anna
Published: December 2018

The aviation market is one of the most dynamic factors determining economic develop-ment in the world. In addition, it is susceptible to economic and political crises. The air services market is also characterized by a very large diversity of clients within the market segments. Adaptation of an appropriate business model may be a condition for success, with the increase of ASK, RPK and LF ratios. The aim of the work is to indicate the basic elements of business models of airlines that make up the hybrid model. The article also describes the evolution of Ryanair, which from the carrier emphasizing the lowest price aspires to the carrier offering flights with better quality than its competitors. The source materials of the study are available literature on the subject, own analysis based on secondary sources.
Will China Become a Global Technological Giant?
Authors: Piatkowski Marcin
Published: December 2018

The article argues that China has achieved a remarkable progress in promoting technology absorption and innovation over the past decade. China today spends 2.1 percent of GDP on R&D, more than the OECD average. By 2020, China together with the US will be responsible for more than half of the world’s R&D spending. These two countries may thus largely de-cide about the speed and direction of mankind’s technological progress. Despite the pro-gress, however, China still faces several challenges to becoming a global technological giant.

To face these challenges, China would be well advised to increase the quality of innovation outputs, strengthen efficiency of public support for innovation, further strengthen intel-lectual property rights, and help enhance managerial practices of Chinese firms.
Reforma rolna – czy była przełomowa?
Authors: Sobiecki Roman
Published: December 2018

Kwestia agrarna przez dziesiątki lat polskiej historii miała wymiar wykraczający poza samo rolnictwo i wieś. Była to sprawa ogólnonarodowa i ogólnogospodarcza. Przypominając przyczyny i cele polskich refom rolnych, autor stawia pytanie, czy otwarcie konkurencji na rynku globalnym spowoduje konieczność nowej reformy, umożliwiającej tworzenie gospodarstw rolnych bez
ograniczeń obszarowych.
The future of culture and cultural education in Poland
Authors: Kaczmarek Stella
Published: December 2018

When we start thinking about culture, the following associations come to our mind: cultural policy, cultural sector, situation of culture, financing of culture, cultural education, etc. Culture constitutes an inseparable part of each country’s economy and politics. Important aspects of the functioning of culture in modern times comprise globalization, the appearance of cultural industry, creative industries and the so-called third sector of culture. The article discusses issues regarding key aspects of the functioning of culture in Poland, both previous and current forms of financing cultural activities as well as information on possible solutions for the future. The situation of artists and authors will also be discussed – the rules governing financing, remuneration and pursuing their own cultural-artistic activities.
Musical and educative aspects of various forms of children’s folk song and play
Authors: Lenska Dominika
Published: December 2018

The author discusses the issues connected with children’s singing in the context of a folk song and of singing in general. She shows an analogy between a native song and mother tongue, indicating shared ‘steps’ that give a chance to express oneself through speech and song in a natural and universal manner. She also draws our attention to the link between a folk song and a life of particular communities, their culture and the world of nature. The author places children’s songs within an exceptionally colorful and varied repertoire of folk songs. Characteristic features of songs, such as a simple form, elementary melo-rhythmic phrases, narrow vocal range, texts about familiar matters, determine their value, enable children to learn them quickly and play a very important instructive-educative role.
Elements of plastique animée used during
eurhythmics classes with pre­‍‑school children in the light of contemporary conceptions of creative thinking
Authors: Dutkiewicz Barbara , Buczyńska Joanna
Published: December 2018

The use of elements of plastique animée when working with pre­‍‑school children does not produce spectacular effects on an artistic level, though the employment of them has a huge influence on a creative and emotional development of children and significantly affects the development of their creative approach to the surrounding world. It would be advisable then to discuss this issue more broadly. In the developmental psychology, Jean Piaget was one of the first to explain these processes. Leo Wygotsky, in turn, is an author of a contrasting socio­‍‑cultural theory; still, both of them emphasize the dominance of active learning over the passive one. The method of eurhythmics fully complies with this objective by the use of a dynamic creative activity in order to experience musical phenomena first before they get defined in theory. Many of the fundamental cognitive abilities of a child develop on the grounds of their social interactions with adults and peers, and many tasks utilized in the eurhythmic method allow to gain this sort of experience. As indicated by Rudolph Schaffer, each human adapts the surroundings to their needs over the course of one’s development, i.e. moulds the surrounding reality in the manner that one finds to be optimal. When working with children during eurhythmics classes, we create the conditions under which satisfying the needs from following levels of the Maslow’s hierarchy is clearly reflected in exercises and the ultimate need of self­‍‑fulfillment is satisfied by, inter alia, a creative movement improvisation and other elements of plastique animée that develop the potential of creative thinking.
Report from the 2nd Music Forum for Young Scientists
and Artists in Łódź
Authors: Stróżyńska Beata
Published: December 2018

Report from the 2nd Music Forum for Young Scientists
and Artists in Łódź
Geodiversity evaluation of the Słupsk Bank boulder area
Authors: Zwoliński Zbigniew
Published: December 2018

The Słupsk Bank is a seascape area of high nature value, that consists of boulders related to glacial and post-glacial formation and a variety of underwater landforms, that form the habitat for numerous plants and animals. The aim of this paper was to evaluate geodiversity using geoinformation analysis consecutive steps, such as preparation of factor maps, map algebra etc. The resulting geodiversity map was based on a bathymetric relief energy map, a geomorphological map based on expert classification using the Bathymetric Position Index (BPI), and a lithological map showing average texture classes of sediments). Maps of geodiversity support the identification and delimitation of the geodiversity hotspots for nature protection, as well as the directions for management of valuable natural areas.
A paradigmatic approach to security sciences
Authors: Gierszewski Janusz
Published: December 2018

T.S. Kuhn’s concept of paradigm differentiates between mature sciences and pre-paradigm sciences. In the case of the latter, it is possible for various approaches to compete with one another. Polish security sciences are currently occupied with seeking paradigms. On the one hand, this search may lead to a homogenisation of opinions within the discipline, or to opposing views on the other. This search is a consequence of evolving opinions within the field, which has a relatively short history in Poland, and constitutes an attempt at determining its defining features. This paper presents various approaches to the concept of paradigm posited by researchers of broadly-defined security, which, as a consequence, constitute evidence of security’s multi-paradigmaticality. The research problem is to answer the question of whether the approaches presented in this paper actually constitute the basis necessary to formulate a set of coherent scientific foundations of the discipline, as analysed from a paradigmatic point of view.
Level of economic security of NATO Eastern flank countries
Authors: Sałek-Imińska Agnieszka
Published: December 2018

In the modern world an undoubted increase in the economic factor of maintaining the security of states is observed. Economic security is an important element of the functioning of national economies, including the states of the eastern flank of NATO. Perceiving economic security as a balance of development needs of these states we can identify several areas of activity of its quantifiers, which can include development, infrastructure and balance opportunities and needs. To determine the levels of these quantifiers, we must use a carefully selected set of meters. One of them is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which clearly describes the measurable features present in the analyzed national economies. The objective of this article is to attempt to indicate the level of the economic security of NATO’s eastern flank states in terms of the level of economic growth measured by GDP. From an autonomous perspective, this meter does not give grounds for expressing value judgments in the context of the widely understood level of economic security, but it constitutes their necessary component and basis for further analyzes and evaluations. For the needs of the elaboration, an assumption was made, being a simplification of the economic reality, indicating that changes in annual GDP will show the level of the economic security of NATO’s eastern flank states. Hence, an increase in GDP growth lower than 1.9% in a period, which the analysis refers to, is a sign of a decrease in the level of economic security of a given state and vice versa.
In all the states of NATO’s eastern flank, an improvement in its level was observed, where in 2017 in all the states of NATO’s eastern flank the rate of GDP growth was higher than the assumed critical threshold level of 1.9%. Years 2014–2016 also constitute a period of improvement in the level of the economic security of the analyzed states, except for Bulgaria in 2014, Estonia and Lithuania in 2015 and Estonia in 2016. While the period from 2008 to 2013 is a period when the level of the economic security of the states of NATO’s eastern flank is diverse and there are no indications that it improved. In the context of the analyzed problem, the best years were 2008 and 2011, for which GDP growth was the highest. In 2008 Estonia, Latvia and Hungary were those that did not reach the critical threshold (decline in economic security). The other six states were characterized by an increase in the level of economic security. The following year is a period when all the states (except for Poland) did not register any improvement. This resulted from a general economic recession, which was observed in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. Considering the number of years for which the assumed critical threshold level of 1.9% was not reached, we can claim that the economy of Poland (2 periods: 2012–2013), and then Czech Republic, Lithuania, Latvia and Slovakia (3 periods), Romania (4 years) and Bulgaria, Estonia and Hungary (5 years) were characterized by the highest level of economic security in the analyzed period.
ACTIVITIES OF THE MILITARY PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE IN THE CONDITIONS OF CHANGES IN LEGISLATION
Authors: Turkot Mukola
Published: December 2018

Тhe purpose of this article is to show the state of the functioning of law enforcement agencies in Ukraine, which are fighting against military crime. In addition, the algorithm for the activities of the military prosecutor’s office is shown after changes are made to the legislation. It was noted that the national security of Ukraine and its military security are protected by the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations. In these military formations serve soldiers, officers and generals. The tasks of each military formation are different.
Introduction. The article defines the national security of Ukraine, the military security of Ukraine, and how security is created. The same is said about the subjects of ensuring the security of the state. The same is said about the subjects of ensuring the security of the state. It is separately noted that there is a bill on the State Bureau of Military Justice. This military law enforcement agency should implement the functions of pre-trial investigation against servicemen and others.
The research methods are used taking into account the topic of the article, the problems that need to be addressed, and the conclusions to be drawn. Such methods were used: formal-logical, hermeneutical, comparative. Thanks to these methods, it was possible to compare the competence of military formations in Ukraine, to determine the necessary legal possibilities for the future law enforcement agency – the State Bureau of Military Justice.
The conclusions contain the author’s statement that the time has come to create, in addition to the military prosecutor’s office, yet another law enforcement body whose competence extended to all military formations. This is due to the fact that in Ukraine at the moment there is no shadow of one military formation, whose competence extends to other military formations. The exception is the military prosecutor’s office.
SUICIDE EXTREME ACT OF PATHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Zbroszczyk Dorota
Published: December 2018

Contemporary times pose many threats to life and health. The type of changes in many areas of human life, e.g. changes in the economy, value loss, consumerism causes unexpected intensification of extreme social problems, e.g. suicides. Suicide is an extremely complex phenomenon in its aetiology, which is a problem not only of individual but also of social pathology. Due to their size, structure and dynamics, and above all the social consequences of suicidal behaviour, suicidal behaviour is an important social problem that cannot remain unnoticed.
Calidad democrática, sistema institucional y modelo territorial vasco
Authors: Larrazábal Basáñez Santiago
Published: December 2018

ResumenLa tesis que se defiende en este trabajo es que el complejo modelo institucional y territorial vasco funciona aceptablemente bien, a pesar de sus luces y sombras, y puede ser un ejemplo de la idea ampliamente generalizada de cómo un modelo de organización territorial descentralizada (y sus complejas, pero al mismo tiempo, valiosas formas de interacción entre los distintos niveles de gobierno), pueden mejorar la calidad del gobierno de sus instituciones, ayudar en el desarrollo humano, económico y social, aumentar la transparencia, administrar los recursos disponibles para ofrecer mejores servicios públicos y, en definitiva, mejorar la calidad democrática de la sociedad.Summary1. Introduction. 2. The distribution of competences between the Common Institutions of the Autonomous Community of Euskadi and the Regional Administrative Bodies of the Historical Territories ofBizkaia, Gipuzkoa and Álava. 2.1. The distribution of competences in the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country. 2.2. The distribution of competences in the Law of Historical Territories. 3. The competences of the municipal institutions of Euskadi. 4. Conclusion.AbstractThe thesis defended in this paper is that the complex Basque institutional and territorial model works acceptably well, despite its lights and shadows, and can be an example of the widespread idea of how a model of decentralized territorial organization (and their complex, but at the same time valuable forms of interaction between the various levels of government), can enhance the quality of government of their institutions, help in the human, economic and social development, raise transparency and manage available resources to deliver better public services and, in short, improve the democratic quality of society.
La jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional, conmemoración de la Constitución
Authors: Tenorio Sánchez Pedro
Published: December 2018

Se recoge en este texto la intervención de Pedro Tenorio en el Acto celebrado en la Facultad de Derecho de la UNEd con motivo del 40 aniversario de la Constitución.
Electrochemical characterization of 1,5-benzodiazepine oximes in organic solvents
Authors: Rekovič Lina , Kosychova Lidija , Bratkovskaja Irina , Žukauskaitė Viltė , Vidžiūnaitė Regina
Published: December 2018

Six novel 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-1,5-benzodiazepine oximes (1–6) were electrochemically characterized on a glassy carbon electrode by the cyclic voltammetry method in different solvents, at different pH values and varying the potential scan rate. The well-defined first anodic peak was observed in the solvents used and acetate buffer solution while the second oxidation peak was dimished or absent for all studied compounds. All compounds were irreversibly oxidized at positive potentials. The electron transfer process for all investigated compounds was controlled by diffusion. Oxidation potentials were dependent on the molecular structures of investigated compounds as well as on the solvent nature.
Palydovinės informacijos apie sniego dangą trūkių užpildymo metodų vertinimas
Authors: Pipiraitė-Januškienė Silvija , Kilpys Justinas , Rimkus Egidijus
Published: December 2018

Straipsnyje vertinami palydovinės informacijos apie teritorijos padengtumą sniegu trūkių užpildymo metodai. Buvo naudojami dviejų NASA palydovų Terra ir Aqua bei Lietuvos meteorologijos stočių tinklui priklausančių stočių sniego dangos duomenys 2013–2016 m. spalio–balandžio mėnesiais. Naudojant du skirtingus būdus (pirmyn ir atgal) buvo užpildyti palydovinių sniego dangos duomenų sekų trūkiai, atsirandantys dėl ištisinio debesuotumo. Gauti dydžiai palyginti su Lietuvos meteorologijos stotyse nustatytu dienų su sniego danga skaičiumi. Analizuojamu 2013–2016 m. laikotarpiu šaltojo sezono mėnesiais palydovinių duomenų trūkiai sudarė 60 % nuo bendro dienų skaičiaus. 2013–2016 m. žiemomis vidutinis dienų su sniego danga skaičius Lietuvos meteorologijos stotyse buvo 47. Remiantis Terra palydovo duomenis, šis dydis buvo 44 dienos, o pagal Aqua perduotą informaciją – 55 dienos. Kiek didesnis dienų su sniego danga skaičius nustatytas trūkius užpildžius pirmyn metodu, tačiau skirtumas yra nedidelis ir abiejų palydovų duomenys neviršija vienos dienos. Vidutiniškai sezoninis dienų su sniego danga skaičius, nustatytas remiantis palydovų duomenimis, nuo išmatuoto atskirose meteorologijos stotyse skiriasi 9 dienomis pagal Terra ir 13 dienų pagal Aqua palydovo duomenis. Dažni atodrėkiai, sniego dangos fragmentacija ir didelis debesuotumas lėmė nemažus skirtumus tarp palydovinės bei meteorologijos stočių informacijos.
Liberté individuelle, liberté négative et liberté intérieure
Authors: Berlan Aurélien
Published: December 2018

L’oeuvre de Georg Simmel est une mine conceptuelle pour celui qui cherche à penser l’évolution moderne du sens de la liberté. En opposant l’individualisme quantitatif duxviiieà l’individualisme qualitatif duxixesiècle, il permet de distinguer deux formes de liberté individuelle au sein du concept général de « liberté des modernes ». En analysant l’emprise sociale de l’argent, il diagnostique la menace qu’elle fait planer à son époque : enfermer les humains dans une liberté purement négative. Il souligne aussi la tentation de chercher une issue individuelle dans la liberté intérieure, concept d’origine stoïcienne expurgé de sa dimension morale. Enfin, il est attentif à l’émergence d’une quête de délivrance à l’égard de la vie matérielle qui se manifeste dans certaines formes pathologiques de possession monétaire, mais aussi dans la passion pour l’art, le goût de la sociabilité et la recherche de solutions techniques aux questions politiques. Néanmoins, on peut regretter que ces fines analyses accordent si peu de place à la dimension collective et politique de la liberté, geste symptomatique de la tendance de fond que Simmel analyse et incarne : penser la liberté dans l’élaboration de la différence personnelle plus que dans le déploiement de l’indépendance.
Masculinities and families in transformation
Authors: Genest Dufault Sacha , Castelain Meunier Christine , Marchand Aaron
Published: December 2018

Research Framework :The family is an important setting for gendered socialization including the way individuals are built and gendered in a normative social and cultural setting. The family contributes to the reproduction of masculinities, though it can also constitute a space for emancipation and subversion of gender norms.

Objectives :This article is an introduction to the Enfances Familles Générations Journal issue on masculinity and families. It aims to present the state of research and paths of reflection on the articulation of masculinity and the family.

Methodology :This introductory article is based on research into masculinity and the practices of men. The analysis is then put into context using the field of study on families and its current transformations.

Results :Studies on families and men are politicized fields of research which are intimately connected. Despite recognition that transformations are currently taking place, there remains a desire for further knowledge on whether the subject of masculinity within the family is being reinvented, or whether it is still participating in the reproduction of gendered social orders. This is a complex issue which will be further explored in this text.

Conclusions :Several masculinity related themes are explored in the research. The contributions made by this issue will help fill in these shortcomings. The topics we address here discuss the new realities of men in the family, including househusbsands, fathers of premature children and the evolution of social discourse on maleness.

Contribution :This article reviews issues surrounding the transformation of masculinity and family plurality and identifies new paths of research to be further fleshed out regarding these issues.
Controlling of Five Axis Manipulator with Turkish Voice Commands Using Microcontrollers
Authors: AK Ayça , TOPUZ Vedat , AYDIN Musa
Published: December 2018

The interaction between human beings and machines
has been increasing in conjunction with the development of computer technology. Controlling a system with voice-based commands is one of the most popular
applications in this area. In this study, the main goal is to build a system,
which is able to control a robotic arm comprised of five controllable axes with
certain voice commands. The process of controlling the robotic arm starts with
the matching of sounds taken from the
user and sounds which were processed in voice recognition card and were defined
by voice recognition card. Then, if there is a positive matching a data is sent
to a microcontroller, which provides a communication between voice recognition
module and servo motor drive card by the system. Finally, the microcontroller calculates the required angles by
using the data provided by the previous
process and sends this data to the servo motor drive card in order to realize
the robotic arm action.
Економске слободе и развој малих земаља
Authors: Чавалић Адмир
Published: December 2018

Економске слободе представљају важну претпоставку за остваривање економског раста и развоја, нарочито малих земаља које немају преговарачку моћ за антилибералне економске политике, нити могу детерминисати међународне економске односе. У раду ће се представити теоријски концепт економских слобода, са нагласком на њихов значај. Приказано је стање економских слобода малих земаља, уз компаративну анализу компоненти економских слобода малих и великих земаља, сходно индексу економских слобода. Представљен је значај економских слобода, нарочито у контексту економија малих земаља које карактерише рањивост, немогућност развоја диверзификоване привреде, те недостатак одређених ресурса, што детерминира потребу за већим учешћем државе у економији. Основни циљ рада је представити утицај економских слобода на развој малих земаља и објаснити начине за унапређење стања економских слобода у овим земљама.
Утицај стања националне економије на финансирање здравственог системa Републике Српске
Authors: Крајишник Миленко , Гојковић Биљана
Published: December 2018

Здравље је основни приоритет сваког појединца, па стога и сваке друштвене заједнице. Или би бар требало тако бити. Несметано функционисање здравственог система од круцијалне је важности за свако друштво. Нарушавање његовог функционисања угрозило би здравље становништва као најважнијег ресурса за општи друштвени и економски развој заједнице. Према декларацији о људским правима Уједињених нација, право на живот, право на здравље и лијечење је једно од основних људских права. Управо је то она улога коју има заједнички систем за осигурање заштите здравља једне земље.У тржишном друштву је уобичајено да све што је вриједно има високу цијену. Нарочито ако је тражња нееластична, а понуда добрим дијелом монополска. Због тога је улога државе незамјенљива код обезбјеђења јавних добара и услуга. У том контексту, здравствени системи, а посебно системи економски слабијих земаља, налазе се пред великим изазовима. Упркос многим ограничењима, неопходно је пронаћи адекватан модел финансира-ња здравственог система, а тиме и његовог нормалног функционисања чимесе ствара добра основа за цјелокупан развој друштва. Република Српска сетакође налази пред овим изазовом.Циљ овог рада је испитивање утицаја кључних макроекономских пара-метара економије Републике Српске на финансирање и одрживост здрав-ственог система. То се, прије свега, односи на кретање бруто домаћег про-извода, запослености и висине плата који, у највећој мјери, детерминишуглавне приходе из којих се алиментирају расходи здравствене заштите.Такође се покушава указати на нужност модификације модела финанси-рања здравствене заштите како би здравствени систем постао одржив иомогућио даљи напредак у пружању здравствених услуга.
Downsizing the molecular spring of the giant protein titin reveals that skeletal muscle titin determines passive stiffness and drives longitudinal hypertrophy
Authors: Brynnel Ambjorn , Hernandez Yaeren , Kiss Balazs , Lindqvist Johan , Adler Maya , Kolb Justin , van der Pijl Robbert , Gohlke Jochen , Strom Joshua , Smith John , Ottenheijm Coen , Granzier Henk L
Published: December 2018

Titin, the largest protein known, forms an elastic myofilament in the striated muscle sarcomere. To establish titin’s contribution to skeletal muscle passive stiffness, relative to that of the extracellular matrix, a mouse model was created in which titin’s molecular spring region was shortened by deleting 47 exons, the TtnΔ112-158 model. RNA sequencing and super-resolution microscopy predicts a much stiffer titin molecule. Mechanical studies with this novel mouse model support that titin is the main determinant of skeletal muscle passive stiffness. Unexpectedly, the in vivo sarcomere length working range was shifted to shorter lengths in TtnΔ112-158 mice, due to a ~ 30% increase in the number of sarcomeres in series (longitudinal hypertrophy). The expected effect of this shift on active force generation was minimized through a shortening of thin filaments that was discovered in TtnΔ112-158 mice. Thus, skeletal muscle titin is the dominant determinant of physiological passive stiffness and drives longitudinal hypertrophy.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
First steps towards mitochondrial pan-genomics: detailed analysis of Fusarium graminearum mitogenomes
Authors: Brankovics Balázs , Kulik Tomasz , Sawicki Jakub , Bilska Katarzyna , Zhang Hao , de Hoog G Sybren , van der Lee Theo AJ , Waalwijk Cees , van Diepeningen Anne D.
Published: December 2018

There is a gradual shift from representing a species’ genome by a single reference genome sequence to a pan-genome representation. Pan-genomes are the abstract representations of the genomes of all the strains that are present in the population or species. In this study, we employed a pan-genomic approach to analyze the intraspecific mitochondrial genome diversity of Fusarium graminearum. We present an improved reference mitochondrial genome for F. graminearum with an intron-exon annotation that was verified using RNA-seq data. Each of the 24 studied isolates had a distinct mitochondrial sequence. Length variation in the F. graminearum mitogenome was found to be largely due to variation of intron regions (99.98%). The “intronless” mitogenome length was found to be quite stable and could be informative when comparing species. The coding regions showed high conservation, while the variability of intergenic regions was highest. However, the most important variable parts are the intron regions, because they contain approximately half of the variable sites, make up more than half of the mitogenome, and show presence/absence variation. Furthermore, our analyses show that the mitogenome of F. graminearum is recombining, as was previously shown in F. oxysporum, indicating that mitogenome recombination is a common phenomenon in Fusarium. The majority of mitochondrial introns in F. graminearum belongs to group I introns, which are associated with homing endonuclease genes (HEGs). Mitochondrial introns containing HE genes may spread within populations through homing, where the endonuclease recognizes and cleaves the recognition site in the target gene. After cleavage of the “host” gene, it is replaced by the gene copy containing the intron with HEG. We propose to use introns unique to a population for tracking the spread of the given population, because introns can spread through vertical inheritance, recombination as well as via horizontal transfer. We demonstrate how pooled sequencing of strains can be used for mining mitogenome data. The usage of pooled sequencing offers a scalable solution for population analysis and for species level comparisons studies. This study may serve as a basis for future mitochondrial genome variability studies and representations.
AVALIAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA DAS AREIAS E DA ÁGUA DAS PRAIAS DOS MUNICÍPIOS LITORÂNEOS QUE FORMAM A COSTA DAS BALEIAS
Authors: França Luma Ferreira , Casagrande Júlia Apolinária , Fortuna Jorge Luiz
Published: December 2018

A água é um dos principais meios de veiculação de doenças infecciosas e parasitárias, porém a areia da praia também é uma importante fonte de transmissão destas doenças aos frequentadores das praias. Devido ao uso constante desses ambientes, principalmente por serem cidades turísticas, o monitoramento microbiológico se faz necessário, podendo vir a reduzir possíveis riscos à saúde dos frequentadores. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de balneabilidade das areias e da água das praias dos municípios litorâneos que formam a Costa das Baleias, no Extremo Sul do estado da Bahia. As análises microbiológicas das areias e da água realizadas foram: enumeração de coliformes termotolerantes; pesquisa de Escherichia coli; contagem de Enterococcus spp. e contagem de fungos filamentosos e leveduras. As águas e areias analisadas apresentaram níveis de contaminação relevantes em relação à higiene-sanitária das praias, observando uma maior contaminação das areias em relação a água e maior detecção de Enterococcus spp. em relação aos coliformes termotolerantes.
Ксилографическое издание U????avijay? dh?ra?? из Хара-Хото: палеографический анализ, "Письменные памятники Востока"
Authors: Лундышева О.В.
Published: December 2018

Статья посвящена палеографии текста дхарани богини долгой жизни - Ушнишавиджаи, изданного ксилографическим способом в Хара-Хото (тангутское государство Си Ся). В ней приводится сравнение акшар ксилографа с примерами из рукописей индийским письмом с IX по XIII в. На основе сравнения делаются выводы о возможной датировке письма данного ксилографа. В приложении дана сводная таблица акшар.
Османский бумажный штемпель в рукописях из Лейдена и Новосибирска, "Письменные памятники Востока"
Authors: Зайцев И.В.
Published: December 2018

Статья посвящена датировке двух рукописей из Новосибирска и Лейдена по штемпелю на бумаге производства бумажной фабрики в турецком Измире (1843-1850-е годы).
O amianto e seus impactos no município de Minaçu
Authors: Pietrafesa Pedro Araújo , Bueno Elielda Aparecida Carvalho , Bueno Léia Soares
Published: December 2018

A extração mineral do amianto é a principal fonte econômica, do município de Minaçu, localizado na região norte do estado de Goiás, que desde a sua criação desenvolveu-se em função da Mina Cana Brava. Atualmente, em decorrência da declaração de inconstitucionalidade do artigo 2º da Lei federal 9.055/1995 que permitia a extração, a industrialização, a comercialização e a distribuição do amianto na variedade crisotila no país, decisão de 29 de novembro de 2017 pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, o município vive em ambiente de incertezas quanto ao futuro. O objetivo deste artigo é promover uma reflexão sobre a dependência econômica do município e do seu posicionamento, ao lado da mineradora SAMA, do “uso controlado do amianto”, deixando evidente que os argumentos econômicos e mercadológicos prevalecerão, diante do desenvolvimento de diversos estudos científicos em várias partes do mundo que demonstram os males à saúde humana.

Abstract

THE EARTH-FLAX AND ITS IMPACTS IN THE CITY OF MINAÇU

The mineral extraction of Earth-flax is the main economic source of the city of Minaçu, located in the north of the State of Goiás, since its foundation has developed thanks to the Cana Brava mine. Nowadays, the city is uncertain about the future, due to the declaration of unconstitutionality of the Second article of the federal law 9.055/1995 which permitted the extraction, industrialization, commercialization and the distribution of earth-flax in the variety chrysotile in the country, decision dated of the day 29, November of 2017 from the Federal Court of Justice. This article objective to promote the discussion about the economic dependence of the city and it positioning, facing to the mining SAMA, defending “the controlled use of Earth-flax”, making clear that the economic and market reasons are more important, face to the development of multiple scientific studies in different places around the world showing the malfunctions to the human health.
Gênese e dimensões da rede de vilas e núcleos de ocupação na Bahia no setecentos
Authors: Porto Gil Carlos Silveira
Published: December 2018

A recomposição de uma geografia histórica tem sido feita por muitos pesquisadores no âmbito da ciência geográfica. Dentre os estudos realizados nessa perspectiva, aqueles voltados aos estudos urbanos são realizados com maior frequência, embora haja maior dificuldade à medida que se volta mais no tempo. O presente artigo é uma contribuição aos estudos da geografia urbana histórica na Bahia, cujo objetivo principal é discutir a formação de uma rede de assentamentos densa no setecentos, para além do Recôncavo Baiano. A consulta a relatos de viajantes, documentos estatísticos históricos, relatórios dos presidentes da província da Bahia e mapas históricos auxiliou na recomposição dessa rede pretérita, além do acesso a livros, artigos, dissertações e teses que dispunham de informações sobre o quadro demográfico, econômico e social da província da Bahia. As condições naturais, a presença da monarquia lusitana e da Igreja, a existência de caminhos, bem como a dinâmica populacional e econômica evidenciam o processo de formação dessa rede no período da mineração dos sertões baianos, tendo sido Rio de Contas e Jacobina nós dessa incipiente rede.

Abstract

GENESIS AND DIMENSIONS OF THE NETWORK OF VILLAGES AND NUCLEI OF SETTLEMENTS IN BAHIA IN THE 1700s

The reconstitution of a historical geography has been done by many researchers within geographical science. Among the studies conducted with this approach, those aimed at urban studies are conducted with a frequent scope, although there are more difficulties as they go back further in time. The present article is a contribution to the studies of historical urban geography in Bahia, and its main purpose is to discuss the formation of a dense settlements network in the 1700s, beyond the Recôncavo Baiano, the region surrounding the city of Salvador and Todos os Santos Bay. The investigation of travel memoirs, historical statistics, Bahia Provincial Presidential Reports and historical maps, as well as books, articles, dissertation and theses that provided an overview of the demographic, economic and social situation in the Province of Bahia, aided to reconstitute this bygone network. Natural conditions, the presence of Lusitanian Monarchy and the Church, the existence of paths, and also population and economic dynamics are evidence of the process of formation of this network in the mining period in the backcountry of Bahia, in which Rio de Contas and Jacobina were important villages in this incipient network.
Análise preditiva de ocorrências de incêndios no bioma amazônico do Maranhão
Authors: Gonzaga Masullo Yata Anderson
Published: December 2018

A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida com a finalidade de analisar a incidência espaço-temporal das ocorrências de queimadas no bioma amazônico do Maranhão, com intuito de propor o desenvolvimento de um modelo preditivo de rápida aplicação com base nos dados fornecidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa Espaciais - INPE. O estudo consistiu na sobreposição de pontos de queimadas no bioma amazônico do Maranhão entre 1999 e 2017, risco de fogo - RF observado, dias sem chuvas registrados, além da potência radiativa da ocorrência - FRP, através da Krigagem. Com base no modelo proposto, foi possível identificar que 37,4% do bioma amazônico do Maranhão possuem risco mínimo/baixo, enquanto que 55,3% estão na faixa de risco moderado/alto e 7,3% são áreas que possuem nível crítico. Assim, a presente pesquisa buscou contribuir com as discussões ligadas à construção de políticas públicas, que possibilitem a real mitigação do risco de incêndios a partir das singularidades territoriais do bioma amazônico do Maranhão.

Abstract

PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS OF FIRE OCCURRENCES IN THE AMAZONIAN BIOME OF MARANHÃO

The present research is developed with the purpose of analyze the space time incidence of burn occurrences in the Amazonian biome of Maranhão, with the purpose of proposing the development of a predictive model of rapid application based on the data provided by the National Institute of Space Research - INPE. The study consisted of the overlapping of burning points in the Maranhão Amazonian Biome between 1999 and 2017, observed RF fire risk, days without recorded rainfall, besides the radiative power of the occurrence - FRP, through Kriging. Based on the proposed model, it was possible to identify that 37.4% of the Amazonian biome of Maranhão has low/low risk, while 55.3% is in the moderate/high risk range and 7.3% are areas with a critical level. Thus, the present research sought to contribute to the discussions related to the construction of public policies, which allow the real mitigation of the fire risk from the territorial singularities of the Amazonian biome of Maranhão.
Olhar encarnado, geografias em formas-de-vida
Authors: Marandola Jr. Eduardo
Published: December 2018

Se a Geografia aceitar o desafio posto pelas questões contemporâneas de repensar a si mesma, como tarefa autocrítica diante de seu papel no colonialismo e da reificação de negação e dominação do outro pelo mesmo, ela deve enfrentar a separação de seu olhar, como perspectiva, dos corpos e seus usos. Uma Geografia de olhar encarnado emerge deste desafio como possibilidade de um conhecimento situado voltado para as formas-de-vida, na dobra carnal do sensível e do político.

Abstract

FLESHED VIEW, GEOGRAPHIES IN LIFE-FORMS

If Geography response the need of rethinking itself as contemporary challenge, like a self-critical task on it is role in colonialism and in the processes of the negation and domination of it, it must have to confront of the your view with bodies and their uses. A Geography of the fleshed view emerges from the situated knowledge it focus to life-forms, in carnal fold of the sensitive and the politics.
Quality assurance of Cyberknife robotic stereotactic radiosurgery using an angularly independent silicon detector
Authors: Alhujaili Sultan Fahad , Biasi Giordano , Alzorkany Faisal , Grogan Garry , Al Kafi Muhammed A. , Lane Jonathan , Hug Benjamin , Aldosari Abdullah H. , Alshaikh Sami , Farzad Pejman Rowshan , Ebert Martin A. , Moftah Belal , Rosenfeld Anatoly B. , Petasecca Marco
Published: December 2018

Purpose

The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of an angularly independent silicon detector (edgeless diodes) developed for dosimetry in megavoltage radiotherapy for Cyberknife in a phantom and for patient quality assurance (QA).

Method

The characterization of the edgeless diodes has been performed on Cyberknife with fixed and IRIS collimators. The edgeless diode probes were tested in terms of basic QA parameters such as measurements of tissue‐phantom ratio (TPR), output factor and off‐axis ratio. The measurements were performed in both water and water‐equivalent phantoms. In addition, three patient‐specific plans have been delivered to a lung phantom with and without motion and dose measurements have been performed to verify the ability of the diodes to work as patient‐specific QA devices. The data obtained by the edgeless diodes have been compared to PTW 60016, SN edge, PinPoint ionization chamber, Gafchromic EBT3 film, and treatment planning system (TPS).

Results

The TPR measurement performed by the edgeless diodes show agreement within 2.2% with data obtained with PTW 60016 diode for all the field sizes. Output factor agrees within 2.6% with that measured by SN EDGE diodes corrected for their field size dependence. The beam profiles’ measurements of edgeless diodes match SN EDGE diodes with a measured full width half maximum (FWHM) within 2.3% and penumbra widths within 0.148 mm. Patient‐specific QA measurements demonstrate an agreement within 4.72% in comparison with TPS.

Conclusion

The edgeless diodes have been proved to be an excellent candidate for machine and patient QA for Cyberknife reproducing commercial dosimetry device measurements without need of angular dependence corrections. However, further investigation is required to evaluate the effect of their dose rate dependence on complex brain cancer dose verification.
Pump–Push–Probe for Ultrafast All‐Optical Switching: The Case of a Nanographene Molecule
Authors: Paternò Giuseppe M. , Moretti Luca , Barker Alex J. , Chen Qiang , Müllen Klaus , Narita Akimitsu , Cerullo Giulio , Scotognella Francesco , Lanzani Guglielmo
Published: December 2018

In the last two decades, the three‐beam pump–push–probe (PPP) technique has become a well‐established tool for investigating the multidimensional configurational space of a molecule, as it permits disclosure of precious information about the multiple and often complex deactivation pathways of the excited molecule. From the spectroscopic point of view, such a tool has revealed details about the efficiency of charge pair generation and conformational relaxation in π‐conjugated molecules and macromolecules. In addition, PPP is effectively utilized for modulating the gain signal in conjugated materials by taking advantage of the spectral overlap between stimulated emission and charge absorption in those systems. However, the relatively low stability of conjugated polymers under intense photoexcitation is a crucial limitation for their real employment in plastic optical fibers (POFs) and for signal control applications. Herein, the role of PPP for achieving ultrafast all‐optical switching in π‐conjugated systems is highlighted. Furthermore, new experimental data on optical switching of a newly synthesized nanographene molecule, namely dibenzo[hi,st]ovalene (DBOV), is reported. The superior environmental and photostability of DBOV and, in general, of graphene nanostructures can represent a great advantage for their effective applications in POFs and information and communications technology.
Enhancing the Accumulation of Polymer Micelles by Selectively Dilating Tumor Blood Vessels with NO for Highly Effective Cancer Treatment
Authors: Wei Guoqing , Wang Yi , Huang Xuehui , Yang Guang , Zhao Jingya , Zhou Shaobing
Published: December 2018

The accumulation of nanoparticles in tumors by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is effective and well known. However, how to maximize accumulation is still a bottleneck in the development of nanomedicine. Herein, a tumor vascular‐targeted hybrid polymeric micelle, which has a great capacity to selectively augment the EPR effect of nanoparticles by dilating tumor blood vessels via the activity of nitric oxide (NO), is presented. Under neutral conditions, the micelle is stable, with a long blood circulation half‐life due to the carboxylated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) layer; in mildly acidic tumor tissues, the micelle can selectively target the tumor blood vessels by the exposed cyclic Arg‐Gly‐Asp peptide (cRGD) peptides, which is realized with a pH‐dependent hydrolysis of the monomethoxy PEG layer. Simultaneously, exposed copper ions catalyze the decomposition of endogenous NO donors, which generates NO in situ, leading to vasodilation and increased tumor vascular permeability. As a result, the accumulation of nanoparticles is significantly enhanced, and a high accumulation of doxorubicin in tumors is achieved at 48 h after injection. This high dose of therapeutic agent produces a large inhibition of tumor growth (94%) in cancer treatment, and shows no general toxicity, with 100% of the mice surviving the treatment regimen.
Tandem Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Induced Luminescent Ratiometric Thermometry in Dye‐Encapsulated Biological Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Cai Hong , Lu Weigang , Yang Chen , Zhang Ming , Li Mian , Che Chi‐Ming , Li Dan
Published: December 2018

Luminescent ratiometric thermometers (LRTs) based on the emission intensity ratio with self‐reference functions guarantee a temperature sensing of fast response, high precision, and excellent spatial resolution. For monitoring temperature at the cellular level, the use of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as probes, especially biocompatible ones, is still in its nascency. By employing a biological MOF, Zn3(benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxyl)2(adenine)(H2O) (ZnBTCA), as a host and thermosensitive fluorescent dyes as guests, a series of dye@ZnBTCA is synthesized and studied as potential LRT materials, featuring a unique mechanism of tandem Förster resonance energy transfer among the MOF host and the multiple dye guests. This scenario is significantly different from the commonly reported lanthanide or mixed‐lanthanide MOFs where energy transfer occurs between lanthanide ions. Acf‐RB@ZnBTCA, in particular, not only exhibits highly efficient ratiometric temperature‐sensing properties under physiological cellular conditions but also can be excited under visible light.
CO2‐Sourced Non‐Isocyanate Poly(Urethane)s with pH‐Sensitive Imine Linkages
Authors: Gennen Sandro , Grignard Bruno , Jérôme Christine , Detrembleur Christophe
Published: December 2018

Carbon dioxide is a renewable C1‐feedstock that is exploited for the production of polymers. In this work, we report on the conversion of CO2 into novel bis(oxo‐carbamate)s that are then exploited for the synthesis of degradable non‐isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) bearing acid‐sensitive imine functions within the polymer backbone. Two CO2‐sourced bis(oxo‐carbamate)s were first prepared by the facile catalyst‐free and regioselective aminolysis of an α‐alkylidene cyclic carbonate (prepared by carboxylative coupling of CO2 with a propargylic alcohol) with two secondary diamines, piperazine and N,N’‐dimethyl‐1,6‐hexanediamine. A large diversity of poly(urethane‐co‐imine)s (PUIs) with molar masses ranging from 4500 to 8500 g/mol were then prepared by polycondensation of bis(oxo‐carbamate)s with various primary diamines, and by using Ti(OEt)4 as catalyst and drying agent. Finally, the pH‐responsiveness of PUIs was demonstrated by immersing a representative polymer in aqueous solutions at different pH. This work illustrates that hydrolytically degradable NIPUs can be constructed by polycondensation of novel CO2‐sourced monomers with diamines.

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