bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra‐biliary hydatid cyst rupture: A rare case report with superinfection
Authors: Al‐Asbahi Hanan , Jaradat Jaber H. , Abu‐Jeyyab Mohammad , Al‐Dwairi Ruba , Tailakh Bara'a W. , Almadadha Rand A. , Alkhawaldeh Ibraheem M. , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Hydatid cysts, primarily found in the liver (70%), are caused by parasitic infections and can lead to severe complications such as cyst rupture. This case report describes a unique instance of a hydatid liver cyst occupying the right lobe with a communicating part with the biliary tree that ruptured showing a concurrent superinfection.

Hydatid cysts are a clinical pathology resulting from parasitic infections. They may occur in different organs of the body. However, these are mostly found in the liver (70%). This can cause significant complications including cyst rupture. Several case reports have described various hydatid cyst ruptures; however, only a few have reported an intra‐biliary hydatid cyst rupture. A 24‐year‐old male patient presented with right upper quadrant pain, jaundice, dark urine, and pale stool. Imaging studies, including Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and computed tomography (CT), revealed a beavertail liver, cystobiliary communication and intrahepatic biliary tree‐ruptured hydatid cysts. The cyst was in the right liver lobe, which is the most common site for hydatid cysts. Surgical intervention involving laparoscopic de‐roofing and cyst removal resulted in a smooth recovery without complications. Several case reports have described various hydatid cyst ruptures; however, only a few have reported originally placed intra‐biliary hydatid cyst ruptures. This case report describes a unique instance of a hydatid liver cyst occupying the right lobe with a communicating part with the biliary tree that ruptured showing a concurrent superinfection.
A pH‐Responsive Topological Switch Based on a DNA Quadruplex‐Duplex Hybrid
Authors: Vianney Yoanes Maria , Jana Jagannath , Weisz Klaus
Published: March 2024

A guanine‐rich oligonucleotide based on a human telomeric sequence but with the first three‐nucleotide intervening stretch replaced by a putative 15‐nucleotide hairpin‐forming sequence shows a pH‐dependent folding into different quadruplex‐duplex hybrids in a potassium containing buffer. At slightly acidic pH, the quadruplex domain adopts a chair‐type conformation. Upon increasing the pH, a transition with a midpoint close to neutral pH to a major and minor (3+1) hybrid topology with either a coaxially stacked or orthogonally oriented duplex stem‐loop occurs. NMR‐derived high‐resolution structures reveal that an adenine protonation is prerequisite for the formation of a non‐canonical base quartet, capping the outer G‐tetrad at the quadruplex‐duplex interface and stabilizing the antiparallel chair conformation in an acidic environment. Being directly associated with interactions at the quadruplex‐duplex interface, this unique pH‐dependent topological transition is fully reversible. Coupled with a conformation‐sensitive optical readout demonstrated as a proof of concept using the fluorescent dye thiazole orange, the present quadruplex‐duplex hybrid architecture represents a potentially valuable pH‐sensing system responsive in a physiological pH range of 7±1.
Amino Acid‐Mediated Formation of Zirconia Nanoparticles and their Transparent Dispersions
Authors: Venier Amandine , Brissaud Charlène , Cormary Benoît , Camposilvan Erik , Alberici Julien , Chateau Denis , Pousin Nora , Chevillot‐Biraud Alexandre , Millot Yannick , Comesaña‐Hermo Miguel
Published: March 2024

We present a straightforward one‐pot hydrothermal method for the synthesis of zirconia nanodispersions, leading to the formation of stable sols. By simply varying the nature of the stabilizer used, one can obtain a large variety of objects with different sizes, shapes and crystallinities. Our results demonstrate the crucial role played by aliphatic amino acids both during the formation of the objects and after, since their interaction with the surface of the inorganic crystals influences strongly the optical properties and colloidal stability of the latter. Importantly, the versatility of this method allows for the introduction of different dopants, increasing substantially the scope of applications that can be achieved with such nanoscale oxides. The high transparencies and the easy dispersibility of nanoparticles in different liquid matrixes ensure the formation of zirconia‐based nanocomposites and ceramics with outstanding optical features for the orthopedic, dental, photonics and chemical sectors. This method can be easily scaled up, being already available for the production of high‐quality zirconia nanodispersions at the industrial level.
Sustainability assessment frameworks for delivering Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) targets: A case of Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) UK New Construction
Authors: Adewumi Ayomikun Solomon , Opoku Alex , Dangana Zainab
Published: March 2024

Due to the potential role of the construction industry in addressing the global challenge of climate change, stakeholders are beginning to develop the environmental, social and governance (ESG) framework. Prior to this, several assessment frameworks such as the building research establishment environmental assessment methods (BREEAM), LEED, and Green Star Certification amongst others have evolved to evaluate a development against an array of sustainability indicators. Through document analysis, this paper explores the extent sustainability assessment frameworks can help UK construction companies demonstrate their commitment to ESG targets. Findings show that although the BREEAM assessment framework captured environmental and social aspects to some extent, there appears to be much desired in its consideration for governance issues. Subsequent versions of the assessment frameworks should attempt to include some of these credits that are not currently included in the framework to guarantee stakeholders that the uptake of the framework in the decision‐making process would help to deliver ESG targets.
Loss of the scavenger receptor MARCO results in uncontrolled vomocytosis of fungi from macrophages
Authors: Onyishi Chinaemerem U. , Jeon Yusun , Fejer Gyorgy , Mukhopadhyay Subhankar , Gordon Siamon , May Robin C.
Published: March 2024

Vomocytosis, also known as nonlytic exocytosis, is a process whereby fully phagocytosed microbes are expelled from phagocytes without discernible damage to either the phagocyte or microbe. Although this phenomenon was first described in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans in 2006, to date, mechanistic studies have been hampered by an inability to reliably stimulate or inhibit vomocytosis. Here we present the fortuitous discovery that macrophages lacking the scavenger receptor MAcrophage Receptor with COllagenous domain (MARCO), exhibit near‐total vomocytosis of internalised cryptococci within a few hours of infection. Marco−/− macrophages also showed elevated vomocytosis of a yeast‐locked C. albicans strain, suggesting this to be a broadly relevant observation. We go on to show that MARCO's role in modulating vomocytosis is independent of its role as a phagocytic receptor, suggesting that this protein may play an important and hitherto unrecognised role in modulating macrophage behaviour.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Polymorphism of [H3O][NbF6]: A Polar and Possibly Ferroelectric Oxonium Salt
Authors: Möbs Martin , Sachs Malte , Rolheiser Konstantin , Pietzonka Clemens , Karttunen Antti J. , Kraus Florian
Published: March 2024

[H3O][NbF6] was obtained from the controlled hydrolysis of NbF5 in anhydrous liquid HF. It adopts a polar, orthorhombic crystal structure with space group Iba2 (no. 45, oI88) at room temperature. A first‐order phase transition at 137 K leads to a cubic non‐centrosymmetric polymorph in space group I213 (no. 199, cI88). This low‐temperature modification results from a distinct rotation of the [H3O]+ cations canceling their polar orientation in the room temperature phase. Quantum‐chemical calculations estimate a rotational barrier between 5.8 to 6.4 kJ/mol. At a temperature of 363 K, the compound adopts a centrosymmetric, cubic crystal structure in space group Pm
m (no. 221, cP11) that shows rotational disorder of cations and anions. The transition from the polar phase at room temperature to the centrosymmetric phase at high temperature not only reveals the plastic nature of the high‐temperature structure but also hints at potential ferroelectric properties, underscoring the multifaceted behavior of [H3O][NbF6] across different temperature regimes.
Assessing the feasibility of a neck‐strength training intervention in university women's rugby
Authors: Petrie Freja J. , Williams Elisabeth M. P. , Mackintosh Kelly A. , Starbuck Chelsea , McNarry Melitta A.
Published: March 2024

Cervical muscle strength has been demonstrated to reduce concussion risk in high school athletes, and interventions to improve this in male rugby players have elicited strength improvements. However, the feasibility of introducing neck‐strengthening interventions into women's rugby has not been investigated. This study sought to pilot a neck‐strength intervention in university‐level women's rugby players. A fixed‐frame dynamometer was used to assess the multi‐directional isometric neck‐strength of 14 university women's rugby players (20.3 ± 1.0 years). Between baseline and end‐of‐season testing, a neck‐strengthening program was completed. Interviews were conducted with six players and two coaches to understand program engagement. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and processed via inductive content analysis. Increases in absolute neck‐strength post‐intervention in left and right lateral flexion (left 85.4 ± 29.7 N to 108.2 ± 41.6 N, p = 0.02, right 87.4 ± 33.3 N to 110.5 ± 40.3 N, p = 0.01) and flexion (128.4 ± 28.8 N to 147.9 ± 30.5 N, p = 0.01) were perceived positively by the players although there were suggestions that greater adaptability according to training age and more variety was required. Participants initially demonstrated limited awareness of neck‐strength training but engaged well with the exercises once the potential benefits were understood. This intervention shows promise as an effective, palatable strategy to improve neck‐strength in university women's rugby players. Further research is needed to establish whether such improvements in neck‐strength are associated with meaningful reductions in head impact occurrence.
Exploring the potential of ternary nanocomposite in biosensor development
Authors: Olayiwola Idris Azeez
Published: March 2024

Ternary nanocomposites, composed of three distinct materials, have recently attracted significant attention as promising materials to enhance biosensor development. This review discusses the synthesis, attributes, and applications of ternary nanocomposites for the construction of biosensors. It provides an overview of biosensors and their pivotal role in real‐time detection. Furthermore, it explores the distinctive advantages of ternary nanocomposites, elucidating the synergistic effects of the amalgamation of various materials. Detailed discussions on the synthesis methodologies of ternary nanocomposites, encompassing both bottom‐up and top‐down approaches, offer valuable insights for researchers. The review emphasizes the advancements in ternary nanocomposite‐based biosensors for detecting biomolecules, viruses, and environmental contaminants, underlining their potential to address significant environmental challenges. The review critically examines the hurdles and prospects of ternary nanocomposites in biosensors, with particular attention to scalability, cost‐efficiency, and biofunctionalization techniques. Ultimately, it highlights the vast potential of ternary nanocomposites in biosensor development and their capacity to facilitate sensitive, selective, and rapid detection. The review stresses the remarkable potential of ternary nanomaterials in biosensing applications, highlighting their considerable advantages, challenges, and future prospects.
Seismic assessment of the in‐plane/out‐of‐plane interaction of masonry infills in a two‐storey RC building subjected to bi‐directional shaking table tests
Authors: Baek Eun Rim , Pohoryles Daniel Alexander , Bournas Dionysios
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a series of shaking table tests conducted on a 60%‐scaled two‐storey infilled reinforced concrete building. The main parameters include the presence of openings in the masonry infills and the effect of bi‐directional dynamic shaking to the latter. The building was subjected to four different levels of shaking intensity, ranging up to the Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE), equivalent to 150% of the design earthquake. The study focuses on and evaluates the damage caused by combined in‐ and out‐of‐plane shaking. Under the design level earthquake, the second‐storey infill walls with openings were severely damaged, with near‐collapse of a masonry pier. For the fully infilled direction without openings instead, diagonal cracking as well as out‐of‐plane inclination of the infill wall in the second storey were observed. Due to the interaction between the two loading directions and the direct adverse effect of the in‐plane damage on the out‐of‐plane resistance of the infills, the out‐of‐plane collapse of 3/4 of the second storey masonry infill occurred during the MCE. The reported damage observations on the masonry‐infills with or without openings provide further insights on the vulnerability of non‐seismically designed reinforced concrete buildings. Additionally, the seismic performance of the structure is assessed using further structural response quantities recorded during testing, including floor accelerations, inter‐storey drifts, base shear forces and reductions in natural frequency. Future testing will focus on investigating the effectiveness of retrofitting measures in improving the connection between the infill and frame, reducing in‐plane damage, and preventing out‐of‐plane failure of the infills.
Riemannian‐geometric regime‐switching covariance hedging
Authors: Lee Hsiang‐Tai
Published: March 2024

This study develops a regime‐switching Riemannian‐geometric covariance framework for futures hedging. The covariance of conventional regime‐switching BEKK (Baba, Engle, Kraft and Kroner) (RSBEKK) evolves on flat spaces that exclude a prior the possibility of inherent geometric covariance dynamic. A Riemannian‐geometric regime‐switching BEKK (RG‐RSBEKK) is proposed such that the covariance moves along a trajectory on Riemannian manifolds. RG‐RSBEKK is applied to China Securities Index 300 futures for hedging the stock sector exposures. Empirical results reveal that specifying covariance dynamic on curved spaces enhances hedging effectiveness based on the model confidence set with loss measures of variance, utility, value‐at‐risk, and Frobenius distance.
The effect of opioid use on traffic fatalities
Authors: Beland Louis‐Philippe , Huh Jason , Kim Dongwoo
Published: March 2024

We use a difference‐in‐differences design to study the effect of opioid use on traffic fatalities. Following Alpert et al., we focus on the 1996 introduction and marketing of OxyContin, and we examine its long‐term impacts on traffic fatalities involving Schedule II drugs or heroin. Based on the national fatal vehicle crash database, we find that the states heavily targeted by the initial marketing of OxyContin (i.e., non‐triplicate states) experienced 2.4 times more traffic fatalities (1.6 additional deaths per million individuals) involving Schedule II drugs or heroin during 2011–2019, when overdose deaths from heroin and fentanyl became more prominent. We find no difference in traffic fatalities until after the mid‐2000s between states with and without a triplicate prescription program. The effect is mainly concentrated in fatal crashes with drug involvement of drivers ages between 25 and 44. Our results highlight additional long‐term detrimental consequences of the introduction and marketing of OxyContin.
How do non‐halophyte locust trees thrive in temperate coastal regions: A study of salinity and multiple environmental factors on water uptake patterns
Authors: Li Han , Lan Zhiqing , Chen Han , Huang Jinhui Jeanne
Published: March 2024

Understanding plant water use patterns is crucial for comprehending the dynamics of the soil–plant‐atmosphere continuum and evaluating the adaptability of plants across diverse ecosystems. However, there remains a gap in our comprehension of non‐halophyte plants' water uptake patterns and driving factors in temperate coastal regions. For this reason, we used locust trees (a widely planted non‐halophyte tree species in northern China) as a study subject. We collected water isotope data (δ2H and δ18O) for locust trees xylem and soil over two consecutive growing seasons. The MixSIAR model was used along with five distinct sets of input data (single isotopes, uncorrected dual isotopes, and corrected dual isotopes incorporating δ2H data obtained by soil water line or cryogenic vacuum distillation methods) to infer water utilization patterns. The results indicated that locust trees primarily absorb shallow soil water (0–20 cm, 29.4% ± 16.9%) and deep soil water (120–180 cm, 24.7% ± 5.8%). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed the key driving factors behind water uptake patterns were vegetation transpiration and soil salinity. Remarkably, the build up of salts in the lower soil layer (60–120 cm) hinders the absorption of water by plants. To prevent high salt concentrations from affecting water uptake in non‐halophyte plants, we recommend implementing sufficient irrigation from March to April each year to meet the water needs of plant growth and regulate the accumulation of salts in various soil layers. This study reveals the dynamic water utilization strategy of non‐halophyte plants in temperate coastal regions, offering valuable information for water resources management.
A smartphone‐based standalone fluorescence spectroscopy tool for cervical precancer diagnosis in clinical conditions
Authors: Shukla Shivam , Deo Bhaswati Singha , Vishwakarma Chaitanya , Mishra Subrata , Ahirwar Shikha , Sah Amar Nath , Pandey Kiran , Singh Sweta , Prasad S. N. , Padhi Ashok Kumar , Pal Mayukha , Panigrahi Prasanta K. , Pradhan Asima
Published: March 2024

Real‐time prediction about the severity of noncommunicable diseases like cancers is a boon for early diagnosis and timely cure. Optical techniques due to their minimally invasive nature provide better alternatives in this context than the conventional techniques. The present study talks about a standalone, field portable smartphone‐based device which can classify different grades of cervical cancer on the basis of the spectral differences captured in their intrinsic fluorescence spectra with the help of AI/ML technique. In this study, a total number of 75 patients and volunteers, from hospitals at different geographical locations of India, have been tested and classified with this device. A classification approach employing a hybrid mutual information long short‐term memory model has been applied to categorize various subject groups, resulting in an average accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of 96.56%, 96.76%, and 94.37%, respectively using 10‐fold cross‐validation. This exploratory study demonstrates the potential of combining smartphone‐based technology with fluorescence spectroscopy and artificial intelligence as a diagnostic screening approach which could enhance the detection and screening of cervical cancer.
Is membrane androgen and estrogen receptor signaling imperative in the governing function of the adrenal cortex in the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber L.)?
Authors: Lonc G. , Hrabia A. , Krakowska I. , Korzekwa A. J. , Zarzycka M. , Wolak D. , Wajdzik M. , Kotula‐Balak M.
Published: March 2024

There is a need to fully know the physiology of Eurasian beaver due to its essential role in environmental homeostasis. However, a “human factor“ impacts this, including stress conditions and environmental pollution. Adrenal glands protect these all. The regulation of endocrine processes by nonclassical androgen and estrogen signaling, the first and fastest control, is still a matter of research. The specific analyses performed here in mature female and male beaver adrenals contained: anatomical and histological examinations, expression and localization of membrane androgen receptor (zinc transporter, Zinc‐ and Iron‐like protein 9; ZIP9) and membrane estrogen receptor coupled with G protein (GPER), and measurement of zinc (Zn2+) and copper (Ca2+) ion levels and corticosterone levels. We revealed normal anatomical localization, size, and tissue histology in female and male beavers, respectively. Equally, ZIP9 and GPER were localized in the membrane of all adrenal cortex cells. The protein expression of these receptors was higher (p < 0.001) in male than female adrenal cortex cells. Similarly, Zn2+ and Ca2+ ion levels were higher (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) in male than female adrenal cortex. The increased corticosterone levels (p < 0.001) were detected in the adrenal cortex of females when compared to males. The present study is the first to report the presence of nonclassical androgen and estrogen signaling and its possible regulatory function in the adrenal cortex of Eurasian beavers. We assume that this first‐activated and fast‐transmitted regulation can be important in the context of the effect of environmental physical and chemical stressors especially on adrenal cortex cells. The beaver adrenals may constitute an additional supplementary model for searching for universal mechanisms of adrenal cortex physiology and diseases.
Development of human endogenous retrovirus type K‐ related treatments for human diseases
Authors: Dai Lu , Fan Jiaojiao , Qin Zhiqiang
Published: March 2024

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) constitute approximately 8% of the human genome and have long been regarded as silent passengers within our genomes. However, the reactivation of HERVs has been increasingly linked to a range of human diseases, particularly the HERV‐K (HML‐2) family. Many studies are dedicated to elucidating the potential role of HERV‐K in pathogenicity. While the underlying mechanisms require further investigation, targeting HERV‐K transactivation emerges as a promising avenue for treating human diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in the development of HERV‐K‐targeted therapeutic strategies against various human diseases, including antiretroviral drugs, immunotherapy, and vaccines.
Low percolation threshold polyvinylidene fluoride/multi‐walled carbon nanotube composites: A perspective of electrical conductivity, crystalline, rheological and mechanical properties
Authors: Tang Junhang , Yang Beixue , Duanmu Tianyu , Mao Zepeng , Zhang Jun
Published: March 2024

Recently, conductive polymer‐based composites (CPC) have gained considerable interest for their outstanding processing, mechanical, electrical properties, and resistance tunability. Multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was introduced into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the conductive filler via means of melt blending in this work. Effects of MWCNT on crystalline structure, thermodynamic behavior, electrical conductivity, processing and mechanical properties of PVDF/MWCNT were under investigation. By measuring the volume resistivity of PVDF/MWCNT, it was observed to have declined from 1.54 × 1012 to 3.71 × 101 Ω∙m with the MWCNT content changed from 0.7 to 1 vol%, which plummeted by 11 orders of magnitude. Therefore, it can be inferred that the percolation threshold of MWCNT lies within the range of 0.7–1 vol%. Additionally, the percolation threshold is obtained as 0.81 vol% by fitting using the percolation theory equation. Around the percolation threshold, PVDF/MWCNT composites exhibit negligible alterations in their rheological properties when contrasted with pure PVDF, yet their mechanical properties are improved. Furthermore, MWCNT does not substantially impact the crystalline structure and thermodynamic behavior of PVDF/MWCNT.

Highlights

The percolation threshold of MWCNT in PVDF is 0.81 vol%.

The volume resistivity of the 1 vol% MWCNT sample was only 3.71 Ω∙m.

1 vol% MWCNT exhibit favorable rheological and mechanical properties.
Off‐axis compression behavior and failure mechanisms of needled carbon/quartz fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite based on acoustic emission
Authors: Kuang Yue , Li Jikang , Wang Weixing , Liu Zheng , Zhang Zhe , Wang Xin , Chen Xu
Published: March 2024

The effect of the off‐axis angle (note as θ) on compressive properties and failure mechanisms in needled carbon/quartz fiber reinforced phenolic resin (CF‐QF/PF) composite has been investigated. For this objective, a series of quasi‐static off‐axis compression tests were performed, and a more precise and general model for predicting the compressive modulus and strength has been proposed. Further, the acoustic emission (AE) technology, including parameter‐based analysis and the Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) method, was also employed to scrutinize the intricate damage mechanisms. The results show that specimens with θ = 0° exhibit linear and brittle behavior and are the most dangerous scenarios because delamination (accounting for 58% of the total AE accumulative energy) dominates their failure. For specimens with small off‐axis angles (0° < θ ≤ 45°), the fiber‐matrix interface determines their compressive properties. While for specimens with large off‐axis angles(45° < θ ≤ 90°), the enhanced transverse load‐bearing capacity of fibers becomes the dominant factor, characterized by significant debonding (33% when θ = 60°) and fiber breakage (27% when θ = 90°). Finally, these results were verified by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy images (SEM).

Highlights

Off‐axis compression behaviors of needled CF‐QF/PF composite are studied.

A more precise and general model for predicting off‐axis compression properties is proposed.

Acoustic emission technology is used to quantify different types of damage.

Failure mechanisms are revealed by combining in‐situ and offline techniques.
Imaging a solvent‐swollen polymer gel network by open liquid transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Srivastava Satyam , Ribbe Alexander E. , Russell Thomas P. , Hoagland David A.
Published: March 2024

Visualizing the network of a solvent‐swollen polymer gel remains problematic. To address this challenge, open transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was applied to thin gel films permeated by a nonvolatile ionic liquid. The targeted physical gels were prepared by cooling concentrated solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) in 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium ethyl sulfate [EMIM][EtSO4]. During the cooling, gelation occurred by a frustrated crystallization of the dissolved polymer, leading to a percolated, solvent‐permeated semicrystalline network in which nanoscale polymer crystals acted as crosslinks. Crystalline features ranging from ~5 to ~200 nm were observed, with the visible network strands dominantly consisting of long curvilinear crystallites of ~15–20 nm diameter. Nascent spherulites irregularly decorated the network, creating a complex structural hierarchy that complicated analyses. Lacking diffraction contrast, TEM did not visualize the many disordered, fully solvated PEG chains present in the voids between crystals. Recognizing that a network's three dimensionality is ambiguous when assessed through two‐dimensional microscopy projections, a small gel region was studied by TEM tomography, revealing a nearly isotropic three‐dimensional arrangement of the curvilinear crystallites, which displayed remarkably uniform cylindrical cross sections.
Robust stabilization of polytopic systems via fast and reliable neural network‐based approximations
Authors: Fabiani Filippo , Goulart Paul J.
Published: March 2024

We consider the design of fast and reliable neural network‐based approximations of traditional stabilizing controllers for linear systems with polytopic uncertainty, including control laws with variable structure and those based on a (minimal) selection policy. Building upon recent approaches for the design of reliable control surrogates with guaranteed structural properties, we develop a systematic procedure to certify the closed‐loop stability and performance of a linear uncertain system when a trained rectified linear unit (ReLU)‐based approximation replaces such traditional controllers. First, we provide a sufficient condition, which involves the worst‐case approximation error between ReLU‐based and traditional controller‐based state‐to‐input mappings, ensuring that the system is ultimately bounded within a set with adjustable size and convergence rate. Then, we develop an offline, mixed‐integer optimization‐based method that allows us to compute that quantity exactly.
Shrub and patch size of moss crusts regulate soil multifunctionality in a temperate desert of Central Asia
Authors: Li Yong‐Gang , Huang Yun‐Jie , Yin Ben‐Feng , Zhou Xiao‐Bing , Zhang Yuan‐Ming
Published: March 2024

The shrub and patch size of moss crusts can significantly affect plant and soil nutrients. The effects and relationships of shrubs and moss crusts on soil multifunctionality are unclear. This study aimed to understand the spatial heterogeneity of soil multifunctionality in moss crust patches and shrubs. Soil organic carbon, nutrient, and enzyme activities under moss crust patches were measured. Interestingly, the soil polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities, carbon‐related soil multifunctionality index (C‐SMF), nitrogen‐related soil multifunctionality index (N‐SMF), phosphorus‐related soil multifunctionality index (P‐SMF), and soil multifunctionality index (SMF) increased with increasing patch size in moss crusts. The patch size of moss crusts had no significant effect on the C‐SMF, N‐SMF, P‐SMF, and SMF under the shrub. The soil C‐SMF, N‐SMF, P‐SMF, and SMF under shrubs were significantly higher than that in exposed areas (EAs). The soil PPO, POD, N‐SMF, P‐SMF, and SMF under dead shrubs were significantly higher than those under living shrubs and in EAs. Evaluation and composition analysis of C‐SMF, N‐SMF, and P‐SMF indicated that moss crust promotes the increase of P‐SMF, and that shrub promotes the increase of C‐SMF and N‐SMF. Moss crust patches mainly affected phosphorus functionality, increasing phosphorus cycling. Shrub promotes soil carbon and nitrogen functionality. This study elucidates the effect of moss crust patch size on soil multifunctionality influenced by shrub growth in desert ecosystems and provides further new insights into the soil processes and functions. Results are beneficial for the comprehensive utilization of fertile islands and its enhancement of beneficial ecological functions, such as maintaining soil nutrition, quality, health, and vegetation restoration, and lay a foundation for future research on nutrient absorption and utilization between mosses and shrubs.
Biomimetic Dual‐Network Collagen Fibers with Porous and Mechanical Cues Reconstruct Neural Stem Cell Niche via AKT/YAP Mechanotransduction after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Zhao Haitao , Xiong Tiandi , Chu Yun , Hao Wangping , Zhao Tongtong , Sun Xinyue , Zhuang Yan , Chen Bing , Zhao Yannan , Wang Jun , Chen Yanyan , Dai Jianwu
Published: March 2024

Tissue engineering scaffolds can mediate the maneuverability of neural stem cell (NSC) niche to influence NSC behavior, such as cell self‐renewal, proliferation, and differentiation direction, showing the promising application in spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. Here, dual‐network porous collagen fibers (PCFS) are developed as neurogenesis scaffolds by employing biomimetic plasma ammonia oxidase catalysis and conventional amidation cross‐linking. Following optimizing the mechanical parameters of PCFS, the well‐matched Young's modulus and physiological dynamic adaptability of PCFS (4.0 wt%) have been identified as a neurogenetic exciter after SCI. Remarkably, porous topographies and curving wall‐like protrusions are generated on the surface of PCFS by simple and non‐toxic CO2 bubble‐water replacement. As expected, PCFS with porous and matched mechanical properties can considerably activate the cadherin receptor of NSCs and induce a series of serine‐threonine kinase/yes‐associated protein mechanotransduction signal pathways, encouraging cellular orientation, neuron differentiation, and adhesion. In SCI rats, implanted PCFS with matched mechanical properties further integrated into the injured spinal cords, inhibited the inflammatory progression and decreased glial and fibrous scar formation. Wall‐like protrusions of PCFS drive multiple neuron subtypes formation and even functional neural circuits, suggesting a viable therapeutic strategy for nerve regeneration and functional recovery after SCI.
Heterogeneous‐Structured Molybdenum Diboride as a Novel and Promising Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Yuxiang , Liang Ying , Zhou Chuancong , Li Zulai , Wu Daoxiong , Li Jing , Dong Peng , Zhang Yingjie , Tian Xinlong , Shi Xiaodong
Published: March 2024

With the development of electric vehicles, exploiting anode materials with high capacity and fast charging capability is an urgent requirement for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Borophene, with the merits of high capacity, high electronic conductivity and fast diffusion kinetics, holds great potential as anode for LIBs. However, it is difficult to fabricate for the intrinsic electron‐deficiency of boron atom. Herein, heterogeneous‐structured MoB2 (h‐MoB2) with amorphous shell and crystalline core, is prepared by solid phase molten salt method. As demonstrated, crystalline core can encapsulate the honeycomb borophene within two adjacent Mo atoms, and amorphous shell can accommodate more lithium ions to strengthen the lithium storage capacity and diffusion kinetics. According to theoretical calculations, the lithium adsorption energy in MoB2 is about −2.7 eV, and the lithium diffusion energy barrier in MoB2 is calculated to be 0.199 eV, guaranteeing the enhanced adsorption capability and fast diffusion kinetic behavior of Li+ ions. As a result, h‐MoB2 anode presents high capacity of 798 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, excellent rate performance of 183 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 and long‐term cyclic stability for 1200 cycles. This work may inspire ideas for the fabrication of borophene analogs and two‐dimensional metal borides.
Ni and Co Active Site Transition and Competition in Fluorine‐Doped NiCo(OH)2 LDH Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Pei Mao‐Jun , Shuai Yan‐Kang , Gao Xiang , Chen Jia‐Cheng , Liu Yao , Yan Wei , Zhang Jiujun
Published: March 2024

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of NiCo LDH electrocatalysts can be improved through fluorine doping. The roles of Ni and Co active sites in such catalysts remain ambiguous and controversial. In addressing the issue, this study draws upon the molecular orbital theory and proposes the active center competitive mechanism between Ni and Co. The doped F‐atoms can directly impact the valence state of metal atoms or exert an indirect influence through the dehydrogenation, thereby modulating the active center. As the F‐atoms are progressively aggregate, the eg orbitals of Ni and Co transition from e2g to e1g, and subsequently to e0g. The corresponding valence state elevates from +2 to +3, and then to +4, signifying an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease in the electrocatalytic performance. Furthermore, a series of F‐NiCo LDH catalysts are synthesized to verify the eg orbital occupancy analysis, and the catalytic OER overpotentials are 303, 243, 240, and 246 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively, which coincides well with the theoretical prediction. This investigation not only provides novel mechanistic insights into the transition and competition of Ni and Co in F‐NiCo LDH catalysts but also establishes a foundation for the design of high‐performance catalysts.
Dual Function of Naphthalenediimide Supramolecular Photocatalyst with Giant Internal Electric Field for Efficient Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Xu Shicheng , Chen Siqi , Li Yuxin , Gao Qiong , Luo Xingjian , Li Min , Ren Lirong , Wang Peng , Liu Liping , Wang Jun , Chen Xianjie , Chen Qian , Zhu Yongfa
Published: March 2024

Organic supramolecular photocatalysts have garnered widespread attention due to their adjustable structure and exceptional photocatalytic activity. Herein, a novel bis‐dicarboxyphenyl‐substituent naphthalenediimide self‐assembly supramolecular photocatalyst (SA‐NDI‐BCOOH) with efficient dual‐functional photocatalytic performance is successfully constructed. The large molecular dipole moment and short‐range ordered stacking structure of SA‐NDI‐BCOOH synergistically create a giant internal electric field (IEF), resulting in a remarkable 6.7‐fold increase in its charge separation efficiency. Additionally, the tetracarboxylic structure of SA‐NDI‐BCOOH greatly enhances its hydrophilicity. Thus, SA‐NDI‐BCOOH demonstrates efficient dual‐functional activity for photocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution, with rates of 372.8 and 3.8 µmol h−1, respectively. Meanwhile, a notable apparent quantum efficiency of 10.86% at 400 nm for hydrogen evolution is achieved, prominently surpassing many reported supramolecular photocatalysts. More importantly, with the help of dual co‐catalysts, it exhibits photocatalytic overall water splitting activity with H2 and O2 evolution rates of 3.2 and 1.6 µmol h−1. Briefly, this work sheds light on enhancing the IEF by controlling the molecular polarity and stacking structure to dramatically improve the photocatalytic performance of supramolecular materials.
Supporting faculty with SoTL through an intensive SoTL Scholars program
Authors: Taggart Jessica , Wheeler Lindsay B. , Dela Cruz Kenn
Published: March 2024

This chapter describes the development, implementation, and assessment of an intensive Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) Scholars program grounded in self‐determination theory. These findings provide one of the first integrations of theory into studying the impact of SoTL and can support educational developers with SoTL initiatives at their own institutions.
Physico‐chemical and bacteriological study of ground water quality of Belpahar area, Odisha, India using artificial neural networks
Authors: Barik Pritisha , Biswal Trinath
Published: March 2024

The major objective of this work is to determine the degree of contamination of ground water in the Belpahar area of Odisha, India, by calculating WQI, assessing the presence of toxic metals, studying bacteriological analysis, and ultimately predicting the suitability of ground water for human use. A machine learning approach, the ANN model, was used to compare the experimental values with the predicted value of water quality and predict the level of contamination in the future. The level of performance due to modelling was evaluated by applying numerous statistical indices. The whole area was divided into five zones, such as residential, tourist, industrial, village, and coal mining areas, and ten ground water samples were collected in each zone. The WQI of the tourist area is 76.017, the village area is 70.721, the industrial area is 122.423, the residential area is 74.880, and the coal mining area is 115.507, indicating the industrial area is extensively polluted because of the impact of extensive industrialization. From the analysis of metals, it was estimated that toxic metals like Cr6+ (VI), Se, Mn, Zn, and Cu are much higher than the permissible limit, particularly in mining and industrial areas. From bacteriological analysis, it was found that the number of viable E. coli bacteria is highest in the TRL colony, that is, 18.2 × 107, and lowest in village areas such as Sarbahal (17.9 × 107), Ujjalpur (15.5 × 107), and tourist, industrial, and coal mining areas because of fewer human activities. Hence, suitable management, viable remedial measures, and the distribution of ground water in the Belpahar area must be recommended.
In hospital outcomes of autologous and implant‐based breast reconstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Li Renxi , Ranganath Bharat
Published: March 2024

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common comorbid condition that can be associated with postoperative mortality and morbidity. However, the outcome profile of patients with COPD after breast reconstruction has yet to be established. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the postoperative outcomes in patients with COPD who underwent autologous (ABR) and implant‐based breast reconstruction (IBR).

Methods

National Inpatient Sample was used to identify patients who underwent ABR or IBR from Q4 2015 to 2020. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to compare inhospital outcomes between COPD and non‐COPD patients while adjusting for demographics, primary payer status, hospital characteristics, and comorbidities.

Results

There were 1288 (9.92%) COPD and 11,696 non‐COPD patients who underwent ABR. Meanwhile, 1742 (9.70%) COPD and 16,221 non‐COPD patients underwent IBR. In both ABR and IBR, patients with COPD had higher rates of seroma (ABR, aOR = 1.863, 95% CI = 1.022–3.397, and p = 0.04; IBR, aOR = 1.524, 95% CI = 1.014–2.291, and p = 0.04), infection (ABR, aOR = 1.863, 95% CI = 1.022–3.397, and p = 0.04; IBR, aOR = 1.956, 95% CI = 1.205–3.176, and p = 0.01), and prolonged LOS (p < 0.01). Specifically, patients with COPD in ABR had higher risks of respiratory complications (aOR = 1.991, 95% CI = 1.291–3.071, and p < 0.01) and incurred higher total hospital charges (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, patients with COPD undergoing IBR had elevated risks of renal complications (aOR = 3.421, 95% CI = 2.108–5.55, and p < 0.01), deep wound complications (aOR = 3.191, 95% CI = 1.423–7.153, and p < 0.01), and a higher rate of transfers out (aOR = 1.815, 95% CI = 1.081–3.05, and p = 0.02).

Conclusion

COPD is an independent risk factor associated with distinct adverse outcomes in ABR and IBR. These findings can be valuable for preoperative risk stratification, determining surgical candidacy, and planning postoperative management in patients with COPD.
A cosmological bootstrap for resonant non-Gaussianity
Authors: Pueyo Carlos Duaso , Pajer Enrico
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Recent progress has revealed a number of constraints that cosmological correlators and the closely related field-theoretic wavefunction must obey as a consequence of unitarity, locality, causality and the choice of initial state. When combined with symmetries, namely homogeneity, isotropy and scale invariance, these constraints enable one to compute large classes of simple observables, an approach known as (boostless) cosmological bootstrap. Here we show that it is possible to relax the restriction of scale invariance, if one retains a discrete scaling subgroup. We find an infinite class of solutions to the weaker bootstrap constraints and show that they reproduce and extend resonant non-Gaussianity, which arises in well-motivated models such as axion monodromy inflation. We find no evidence of the new non-Gaussian shapes in the Planck data. Intriguingly, our results can be re-interpreted as a deformation of the scale-invariant case to include a complex order of the total energy pole, or more evocatively interactions with a complex number of derivatives. We also discuss for the first time IR-divergent resonant contributions and highlight an inconsequential inconsistency in the previous literature.
Geometries with twisted spheres and non-abelian T-dualities
Authors: Lunin Oleg , Shah Parita
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Spectral flow in two-dimensional superconformal field theories is known to correspond to a geometrical mixing between two circles in the gravity dual. We generalize this operation to the geometries which have SO(k+1)×SO(k+1) isometries with k > 1 and perform various non-abelian T-dualities of the resulting twisted backgrounds. Combination of non-abelian twists and dualities leads to a new solution generating technique in supergravity, and we apply it to the geometries dual to supersymmetric states in $$\mathcal{N}$$ = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory.
Peracetic acid sterilized tendon and ligament allografts for knee reconstruction
Authors: Ahrens Philipp , Borchert Gudrun H. , Freutel Christin , Ahmed Norus , Brune Jan C.
Published: March 2024

Background

The use of allografts and autografts has been met with mixed views on whether allografts are a suitable alternative to autografts.

Question

We aimed to investigate if chemically sterilized allografts show similar rerupture rates to those reported in the literature for allografts and autografts in anterior (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligaments (PCL) and complex knee surgery.

Materials and methods

Retrospective data on knee reconstructions performed between 2011 and 2015 with tendon/ligamnet allografts sterilized with peracetic acid were collected in the form of a questionnaire. The inclusion criteria of 2 years for each patient were met by 38 patients, representing 22 ACL reconstructions, 5 PCL reconstructions, 3 OTHER surgeries, including the Larson technique and medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction and 8 COMPLEX surgeries. The main endpoints were rerupture and complication rate. Secondary endpoints included stability of the knee (Lachman test, Pivot shift test) and the range of motion.

Results

The rerupture rate was 7.9% (3 grafts). Reruptures only occurred in the ACL group. No reruptures were observed in the PCL, OTHER and COMPLEX surgery groups. Stability improved significantly after surgery and the range of motion returned to values similar to that of healthy knees.

Conclusions

Tendon allografts sterilized with peracetic acid show promising low rerupture rates and good clinical scores and the results are comparable to the literature on autografts and other allografts.

Graphic abstract
Visual analytics system for understanding DeepRL-based charged particle tracking
Authors: Mulawade Raju Ningappa , Garth Christoph , Wiebel Alexander
Published: March 2024

In this work, we propose a visual analytics system to analyze deep reinforcement learning (deepRL) models working on the track reconstruction of charged particles in the field of particle physics. The data of these charged particles are in the form of point clouds with high-dimensional features. We use one of the existing post hoc saliency methods of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) and extend its adaptation to compute saliency attributions for the input data corresponding to the output of the model. Our proposed system helps users to explore these saliency attributions corresponding to the high-dimensional input data of the machine learning model and interpret the decision-making process of the model. In particular, we provide the users with multiple task-oriented components, different types of linked views and interactive tools to analyze the model. We explain how to use the system by outlining a typical user workflow and demonstrate the system’s usefulness using several case studies which address specific analysis tasks.