bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comorbid Depression and Anxiety in Patients of Epilepsy
Authors: Gupta Geetanjali , Kesri Raghav , Goyal Suchita , Karia Sagar
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Epilepsy is a common chronic noncommunicable neurological disorder in which brain function is impaired. Epilepsy patients are more prone to comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, psychosis, personality disorders, hypo-sexuality, migraines, and other behavioral disorders. Comorbid depression and anxiety are more common in people with epilepsy than in the general population. Comorbid psychiatric illness in epilepsy has multifactorial etiology, including epilepsy itself, age at onset, duration of epilepsy, treatment of epilepsy, reaction to epilepsy, and any associated brain dysfunction and/or damage. Hence, this study was conducted to check the association of comorbid depression and anxiety with the sociodemographic factors and disease-associated factors in patients with epilepsy.

Aim

To study the occurrence of depression and anxiety in patients with epilepsy and their relationship with sociodemographic and disease-associated factors.

Materials and Methods

This was a single-centered cross-sectional study, in which 96 patients participated. To assess the severity of depression and anxiety, the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) were used, respectively.

Results

Out of 96 patients, comorbid depression was seen in 35 (36.45%) and anxiety in 28 (29.16%) patients.

Conclusions

The present study points out that depression is more prevalent than anxiety in patients with epilepsy and its severity is more if onset age is earlier and duration of illness is more.
Is simple nephrectomy the right nomenclature? - Comparing simple and radical nephrectomy to find the answer
Authors: Keshavamurthy Ramaiah , Gupta Avneet , Manohar C. S. , Karthikeyan V. S. , Singh Vinish K.
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

The word “simple” means “easily done” or “presenting no difficulty.” Hence, the “Simple Nephrectomy” (SN) operation should be “easy to perform.” However, in clinical practice, we have noticed that SN can be equally or more challenging surgery than radical nephrectomy (RN). This study assesses the need to modify the terminology of simple nephrectomy and identify the level of difficulty between SN and RN by comparing various intraoperative and postoperative factors.

Methods:

Patients undergoing open SN for benign renal disease (Group A) and RN for T1/2 renal tumors (Group B) were included in the study. Two groups were compared for operative time, estimated blood loss, postoperative complications, blood transfusion rate, and length of hospital stay.

Results:

A total of 114 patients were analyzed (82 in Group A and 32 in Group B). Mean age of the patients was higher in Group B (41.2 vs 53.6 years, P < 0.01). Mean operative time (136.8 vs 125.5 min, P = 0.08), incidence of postoperative complications (32.9% vs 25%, P = 0.50), length of hospital stay (7.2 vs 6.5 days, P = 0.09), estimated blood loss more than 500 ml (13.4% vs 9.3%, P = 0.75), and requirement of blood transfusion (10.9% vs 6.2%, P = 0.72) were higher in group A.

Conclusion:

The application of correct terminology is important to understand the subject and to convey the information. Simple nephrectomy is not an appropriate term as it is equally challenging to perform than its radical counterpart.
Hydroxychloroquine pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 among healthcare workers: Initial experience from India
Authors: Kadnur Harshith B. , Aggarwal Anivita , Soneja Manish , Singh Komal , Mittal Ankit , Nischal Neeraj , Tirlangi Praveen , Khan Adil Rashid , Desai Devashish , Gupta Ankesh , Kumar Arvind , Jorwal Pankaj , Biswas Ashutosh , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Wig Naveet , Guleria Randeep
Published: March 2022

Background:

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) had generated considerable interest for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prophylaxis. We conducted a prospective observational study at a tertiary care hospital in India, with dedicated COVID-19 care facilities.

Objectives:

Primary objective was incidence of adverse effects, secondary objective being efficacy in preventing COVID-19.

Methods:

Healthcare workers were recruited and grouped based on voluntary HCQ prophylaxis as per national guidelines. Side effects in HCQ group were graded in accordance with national cancer institute-common terminology criteria for adverse events (NCI-CTCAE) version 5.0. At 3–7-week follow-up, groups were compared for COVID-19 exposure, symptoms development and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR results.

Results:

Among 358 participants recruited, 216 (60.3%) were males and mean age was 31.2 ± 6.6 years. Chemoprophylaxis was initiated by 258 (72%) participants. After loading dose, 7 (2.7%) reported grade 2 and 1 (0.4%) grade 3 adverse effects. Discontinuation of HCQ due to side effects was reported in 11 (4.3%) participants. Electrocardiogram was done by 50 (19.4%) participants on HCQ; no abnormalities were noted. A total of 106 (41%) among those taking and 63 (63%) among those not taking HCQ were tested for SARS-CoV-2 due to influenza-like illness or significant exposure. Among all participants, 25 (6.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.3–9.6) developed COVID-19 during the study period. In the group taking HCQ, 10 (3.9%) tested positive compared to 15 (15%) in the group not taking HCQ (P < 0.001). Odds ratio with HCQ intake was 0.34 (95% CI 0.13–0.83, P = 0.01) and the number needed to treat was 12.

Conclusion:

HCQ is safe at the recommended dose for pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19.
Effectiveness of prenatal lactation counseling on breastfeeding practices, breast engorgement, and newborn feeding behavior among postnatal mothers at a teaching institution
Authors: Yadav Nisha , Vyas Himanshu , Mamta  , Goyal Manu
Published: March 2022

Context:

Breastfeeding is the best way of providing nutrients to young infants for their healthy growth and development. World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF recommend that breastfeeding should be initiated as early as possible after delivery and exclusive breastfeeding should be continued till 6 months of age. The proper positioning of the baby and mother makes breastfeeding effective. Aim: The study aimed to determine the effect of lactation counseling on breastfeeding practices, breast engorgement, and newborn feeding behavior among postnatal mothers.

Methods:

A quasi-experiment posttest-only control group research design was used and the setting of the study was antenatal OPD and postnatal ward at a teaching institution. A sample of 60 primigravidae in the age group of 18–35 years with gestational age ≥ 36 weeks seeking antenatal care at antenatal OPD were selected by consecutive sampling technique. The experimental group received two lactation counseling sessions of 30 min each 1 week apart (in person/video call), whereas control group received routine care. Breastfeeding practices, breast engorgement, and newborn feeding behavior were assessed on the 3rd postnatal day using breastfeeding practices checklist, breast engorgement scale, and newborn feeding behavior assessment tool, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.

Result:

There was significant improvement in breastfeeding practices (t = 7.18, P = 0.00), breast engorgement (t = 2.41, P = 0.01), and newborn feeding behavior (t = 5.24, P = 0.00) in the experimental group, which proves that the prenatal lactation counseling was effective in improving breastfeeding practices, newborn feeding behavior, and reducing breast engorgement.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that prenatal lactation counseling was effective in improving breastfeeding practices, breast engorgement, and newborn breastfeeding behavior among primigravidae. These findings suggest that if proper lactation counseling is provided to the mothers even at the primary health centers and periphery level it can contribute to improving the breastfeeding practices, newborn feeding behavior and can prevent breast engorgement.
Non-partner sexual violence victimization among female medical undergraduates
Authors: Nandini Singh R. , Prem Shankar , Kshitij Raj , Ravi Shankar , Mohan Majhi M.
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Sexual violence against women is a major public health problem around the world. Globally, around 7% of women have experienced sexual violence by a non-partner in their lifetime. Women who have experienced sexual violence are more likely to suffer from a sleep disorder, anxiety disorder, high blood pressure, and symptoms of depression. Sexual violence has been the predecessor of poor mental health of a woman and needs to be addressed by primary care physicians.

Objectives:

To assess the prevalence and associated factors of non-partner sexual violence in female medical undergraduates.

Methodology:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 109 female medical undergraduates over two months. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and the WHO violence against women instrument Version 10 was used to assess sexual violence.

Analysis:

Data analyzed using SPSS version 23 (trial version) independent t test, Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test was applied for inferential purpose.

Results:

Non-partner sexual violence was reported by 8.3% of the students. It was found that in 33.3% of cases, the perpetrators were other male family members, and in 44.4% of cases male friends of the family.

Conclusion:

Such a high prevalence of sexual violence is alarming. It is shocking that even in non-partner sexual violence, the perpetrator is not completely unknown to the victims.
Review of the current literature on H syndrome treatment
Authors: Saleh Anaraki Kimia , Khosravi Sepehr , Behrangi Elham , Sadeghzadeh-Bazargan Afsaneh , Goodarzi Azadeh
Published: March 2022

H syndrome is a systemic inherited autosomal recessive histiocytosis, with characteristic cutaneous findings accompanying systemic manifestations and a most common genetic mutation (OMIM 612391) as SLC29A3. The term “H Syndrome” is representative of presentation with hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, hepatosplenomegaly, heart anomalies, hearing loss, hypogonadism, low height, and, occasionally, hyperglycemia. H syndrome is new and growing entity in medicine. This syndrome is not specific to a region or a nationality. There are very few treatment experiences on H Syndrome patients and most of them are unsatisfactory apart from hypertrichosis, which is able to treat almost permanently by hair removal lasers. Latest findings suggest that there is possibility of prevention of short stature or other cutaneous or systemic complications in this syndrome with earlier diagnosis and treatment. We searched Medline, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar, up to now and reviewed previous published papers with emphasis on treatment methods and its effects on certain common symptoms.
Impact of COVID-19 first wave on the in-hospital length of stay of operated proximal femur fracture patients in an industrial hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Kumar Jayant , Rajak Manoj Kumar , Chaudhary Anil Kumar , Thakur Rajesh
Published: March 2022

Objective:

The objective of this article is to study the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic first wave on the in-hospital length of stay of operated proximal femur fractures.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of data collected through the electronic record system of the hospital, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, was done. The data were collected from the pre-pandemic, early part first wave and later part first wave of COVID-19 pandemic to calculate the average preoperative stay (POS) and total length of stay (LOS) of operated proximal femur fracture patients. Also, a sub-analysis of POS and LOS was done as per age (male/female), sex (<60/≥60 years) and fracture subtype (intertrochanteric, neck of femur and subtrochanteric fracture) of the patients to study if any of these had a significant direct impact on the POS and LOS.

Results:

The LOS and POS were found to be significantly increased during early part of first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to the pre-pandemic era (13.6 ± 7.7 days vs. 11.1 ± 5.7 days). The later part of the first wave of the pandemic however saw the LOS and POS to return to near pre-pandemic values, although still remaining higher.

Conclusion:

The study highlights that unpreparedness during the early part of the unprecedented pandemic event leads to a significant increase in LOS of operated patients with its associated implications; however, prompt action by the government, hospital administration and hospital staff the LOS could be reduced to near pre-pandemic values in the later part of the first wave of the pandemic. Analysis of the causes that lead to a significant increase in LOS can help for better future management of similar events in future.
Different applications of telemedicine - assessing the challenges, barriers, and opportunities- a narrative review
Authors: Jafarzadeh Faria , Rahmani Faezeh , Azadmehr Farhad , Falaki Mojgan , Nazari Mahboubeh
Published: March 2022

Telemedicine (TLM) is a technique of telecommunication used to create, promote, or accelerate health services. Because of its societal significance, the current study attempted to demonstrate its essential applications in the health sector and the challenges, obstacles, and opportunities that lie ahead. Various studies and reports were received based on the subject of the current study, first using MeSH terms related to the subject in authentic and available international databases. After that, 30-related articles were selected based on the study criteria, and then the required results were extracted from the selected studies. The study results showed that TLM has a significant role in more than 13 major areas of health and treatment, and in most of these areas, it has made the relevant affairs easier for both patients and medical staff. Although TLM has many advantages, it still has obstacles and challenges requiring further studies to manage this technology better. Given the high importance of the TLM in the health sector in most countries worldwide, efforts are needed to promote this technology and remove the obstacles in front of it. Therefore, further evaluations of TLM efficiency in terms of economics, speed of action, effectiveness, and the provision of infrastructure are necessary to overcome the obstacles highlighted based on the results of these studies and improve the efficiency of using this technology.
Seroprevalence of CoVID-19 among health care professionals (HCPs) of tertiary care hospital of northern state of India
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Bhota Sakshi , Gupta Garima , Sood Tarun , Kanwal Shweta , Jaryal S. C. , Raina Sunil K.
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Current study was carried out as per the government of India and Himachal Pradesh guidelines to carry out a serosurvey to assess the extent of COVID-19 infection among health care professionals (HCPs) after 6 months of managing COVID-19 cases.

Methods:

A hospital-based survey was carried out among 1279 conveniently selected HCPs from September 2020 to January 2021.

Results:

The participants had a mean age of 38.3 (±10.4) years, and almost half (47.4%) were ≤35 years of age. A total of 29 (2.3%) were already tested positive for COVID-19 (RT-PCR: 22; Rapid Antigen Test: 7) before the survey, and the overall prevalence of IgG antibody was 12.7% among the participants (Male: 12.8%; Females: 12.5%). The odds were observed significantly high among administrative staff (aOR: 5.09; 95%CI: 1.27–20.33) and participants tested positive of COVID-19 previously (aOR: 28.41; 95%CI: 11.71–69.00).

Conclusion:

HCPs were tested about 6 months after the initiation of the COVID-19 pandemic in the state and demonstrated a high and expected level of seroprevalence.
Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis associated with SGLT2 inhibitors: A systematic review and quantitative analysis
Authors: Dutta Siddhartha , Kumar Tarun , Singh Surjit , Ambwani Sneha , Charan Jaykaran , Varthya Shoban B.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) rarely cause euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) in diabetic patients. The aim was to identify demographic, clinical, and predisposing factors for euDKA from published case reports.

Methods:

A systematic review of published case reports of euDKA in patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors and meta-analysis of clinical trials to quantify the risk ratio (RR) of DKA in patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors. PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for the case reports of and clinical trials from January 2010 to August 2020. Studies published in English language were included and other languages were excluded. Data related to patients’ demography, clinical presentation, drug and dose of SGLT2 inhibitors, and concomitant medication were extracted. Incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) extracted from clinical trials. Data related to demographic, clinical, and other parameters presented as ratios and proportions and incidence of DKA in RR using Review Manager 5.3.

Results:

Forty-seven of 160 reports with an aggregate of 77 patients were included in the analysis. The majority of the patients were females (67.53%), with T2DM and with gastrointestinal symptoms (58%). Surgery was the most common precipitating factor (n/N = 15/77). Canagliflozin (n/N = 34/77) was the commonest SGLT2 inhibitor reported along with metformin as the concomitant medication (63.6%). The pooled RR of DKA was 3.70 (95%CI 2.58, 5.29) and I2 = 0%.

Conclusion:

euDKA is commonly seen in middle-aged female, T2DM patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors along with metformin. The risk of DKA in patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors increases by 3.7 times than the other medication.
Emergence of diabetes education and capacity-building programs for primary care physicians in India
Authors: Mehra Rakesh , Vats Shivangi , Kumar Rahul , Chandwani Haresh R. , Bhalla Sandeep , Kumar Pushkar , Mohan Viswanathan
Published: March 2022

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death globally. India is home to the second-largest population suffering from diabetes. This underscores the need to build capacity of primary care physicians (PCPs) for better disease management. This narrative review article aims to describe the emergence of diabetes education and capacity-building programs for PCPs and its current situation in India. The review highlighted that major emphasis on diabetes was given only when the WHO estimated that morbidity and mortality due to diabetes would increase to 35% in India. As a result, National Diabetes Control Program was launched in 1987. Yet, very little attention was paid to diabetology in under-graduation. In the last decade, few public and private institutions have developed diabetes related capacity-building programs for PCPs independently or in collaborations. These programs include 16 fellowships, 4 diplomas, 12 certificate programs, and 6 other diabetes training programs, which have their own pros and cons. As medical science is changing rapidly, PCPs need to upgrade their skills and knowledge regularly to manage NCDs such as diabetes more effectively and efficiently. This can be possible only if scientific, evidence-based, and quality-oriented capacity-building programs are provided to the healthcare workforce.
Panic disorder in general medical practice- A narrative review
Authors: Manjunatha Narayana , Ram Dushad
Published: March 2022

The under-or misdiagnosis, and symptomatic treatment of the panic disorder (PD), despite high prevalent medical illness, is common among non-psychiatric physicians. The non-psychiatrist physician’s role is vital in the care of PD as most patients initially approach general medical settings for medical help, including primary care. However, a significant proportion is undiagnosed and undergoes either unnecessary investigation, misdiagnosed, or mismanaged even among post-Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting patients, which profoundly affects the patients functioning and quality of life. This article aims to provide overviews of relevant epidemiological aspects, presenting features across medical specialties with respective diagnostic dilemmas, assessment, and management of the PD in their general medical settings, including emergency visits. Apart from psychiatrists, this will also assist non-psychiatrist physicians across all medical specialties, including general practitioners, to understand, identify, and provide the first line evidence-based pharmacotherapy and address the unmet need of patients with PD in their day-to-day busy clinical practice. This paper also provides a referral guide for non-psychiatrist physicians to refer to psychiatrists for further management after their first-line management.
Anaesthesia for Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
Authors: Khetarpal Ranjana , Chatrath Veena , Kaur Puneetpal , Trikha Anjan
Published: March 2022

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is used primarily to address the treatment of infertility which includes medical procedures such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF), intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT) or zygote intra-fallopian transfer (ZIFT). IVF has revolutionised infertility treatment and is nowadays widely accepted all over the world. The IVF is carried out as a daycare procedure and many anaesthetic regimens have been studied, tried and tested so far. An anaesthesiologist's role mainly comes into play during trans- vaginal oocyte retrieval and embryo transfer (ET) process of IVF. Various techniques of anaesthesia are practised which include general or regional anaesthesia, conscious sedation or monitored anaesthesia care, patient-controlled analgesia, acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). The anaesthetic management needs careful consideration of the effect of drugs on the maturation of oocytes or embryonic development, fertilisation and pregnancy rates. In view of the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, ART clinics have been affected and due to the ambiguity of its effects on the reproductive outcome, anaesthesiologists need to be vigilant and cautious with anaesthetic management during pandemic times. This review includes a discussion of various anaesthetic options and agents along with their advantages or disadvantages if any. The literature sources for this review were obtained via PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. The results of 82 out of 110 articles discussing different methods of anaesthesia for ART procedures over 25 years were compiled.
Spontaneous Postpartum Intracranial Haemorrhage
Authors: Smith Matthew D. , Walker James L. , Pradhan Sukruta , Newton Felecia A.
Published: March 2022

Pregnancy-associated strokes are rare but can have detrimental effects on both mother and baby. A young female patient, 6 days postpartum, suffered a spontaneous intraparenchymal haemorrhage (IPH) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The patient exhibited aphasia, right facial droop and right hemiparesis. Serial imaging showed no vascular malformation or other cause of her haemorrhages. Our pregnant patient presented with concurrent IPH and SAH. Given the timing of her stroke and the absence of underlying vascular lesion, it is possible her stroke was a case of IPH and SAH due to reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). More specifically, it may reflect postpartum angiopathy, a subtype of RCVS presenting around 5 days postpartum. Alternatively, this could simply be a subarachnoid extension of a primary IPH.
Pleth Variability Index Measured in the Sitting Position before Anesthesia can Predict Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension in Cesarean Section
Authors: Ozyurt Erhan
Published: March 2022

Background:

Hypotension induced by spinal anaesthesia during caesarean section can have devastating effects on the parturient and foetus. This study investigated the ability to predict spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension via the perfusion index and pleth variability index in the sitting position caesarean section.

Materials and Methods:

We enrolled 46 patients undergoing elective caesarean section in this study and used standard anaesthetic management in all patients. The haemodynamic parameters, perfusion index and pleth variability index of the patients were recorded at specific time points.

Results:

Hypotension occurred in 61.4% of the patients. There was a difference in the pleth variability index values between patients with and without hypotension at baseline as well as in the sitting position and after spinal anaesthesia (P = 0.023, 0.001, and 0.040, respectively). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the pleth variability index value of the patients in the sitting position was a predictor of spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension (area under the curve = 0.780, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.633–0.927, P = 0.001). The cut-off value of the pleth variability index (in the sitting position) for predicting hypotension was 20.5% (sensitivity: 76.5%, specificity: 70.4%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that an increased pleth variability index in the sitting position before spinal anaesthesia was an independent risk factor of spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension (odds ratio: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62–0.98, P = 0.034).

Conclusion:

The pleth variability index in the sitting position before spinal anaesthesia is a useful tool for predicting spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension during caesarean section.
Adrenalectomies
Authors: Osman Wessam , Ahmed Riaz , Al Salmi Issa , Hannawi Suad
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

An increasing number of patients are considered for surgical removal of adrenal tumors, including pheochromocytomas (PCC). This study evaluated the presentation and surgical outcomes of individuals with adrenal tumors including PCC.

Methods:

Data, including histological, radiological, and biochemical, were collected prospectively of all patients operated for adrenal tumors, via the computerized hospital information database, between 2006 and 2018. Statistical analysis was performed by STATA program, using the Student test or Kruskal–Wallis test being used for continuous variables. Chi-squared or Fisher tests were used to compare categorized variables.

Results:

In this study, there were 112 patients, of which 54 were males and 58 females, mean of 32 years, the minimum age of 23 days, and a maximum of 78 years. Hormonally active tumors accounted for 58.51% and inactive hormone was accounted for 41.49%. The mean (SD) of the tumor dimensions was 6.00 (3.82), 5.31 (3.16), and 5.91 (2.93) mm for length, height, and width, respectively. The mean (SD) for the duration of surgery for males was 183 (98.8) and for females was 188 (101.06) min, with a hospital stay of 9.9 (6.86) days for males and 7.11 (6.16) days for females. The most common etiology was neuroblastoma (29.5%), followed by adrenocortical adenoma (16.1%), and 7.1% were PCC.

Conclusion:

Our population may have a slower recovery and more complications after resection of adrenal tumors including PCC. However, most complications may be minor, surgery was equally feasible and may not result in mortality in this vulnerable group of patients. Meticulous preparation for surgery is crucial among our population and particular attention should be focused on maintaining balance between the adrenal disease and comorbidities.
Cubulation of some triangle-free Artin groups
Authors: Haettel Thomas
Published: March 2022

We prove that some classes of triangle-free Artin groups act properly on locally finite, finite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complexes. In particular, this provides the first examples of Artin groups that are properly cubulated but cannot be cocompactly cubulated, even virtually. The existence of such a proper action has many interesting consequences for the group, notably the Haagerup property, and the Baum–Connes conjecture with coefficients.
Homogeneous Structures: Model Theory meets Universal Algebra
Authors: Bodirsky Manuel , Ochremiak Joanna , Pinsker Michael
Published: March 2022

The workshop “Homogeneous Structures: Model Theory meets Universal Algebra” was centred around transferring recently obtained advances in universal algebra from the finite to the infinite. As it turns out, the notion of homogeneity together with other model-theoretic concepts like

\omega

-categoricity and the Ramsey property play an indispensable role in this endeavour.
Hyperbolic Balance Laws: modeling, analysis, and numerics
Authors: Abgrall Rémi , Garavello Mauro , Lukáčová-Medvid’ová Mária , Trivisa Konstantina
Published: March 2022

This workshop brought together leading experts, as well as the most promising young researchers, working on nonlinear hyperbolic balance laws. The meeting focused on addressing new cutting-edge research in modeling, analysis, and numerics. Particular topics included ill-/well-posedness, randomness and multiscale modeling, flows in a moving domain, free boundary problems, games and control.
Geometry, Dynamics and Spectrum of Operators on Discrete Spaces
Authors: Damanik David , Keller Matthias , Nagnibeda Tatiana , Pogorzelski Felix
Published: March 2022

Spectral theory is a gateway to fundamental insights in geometry and mathematical physics. In recent years the study of spectral problems in discrete spaces has gained enormous momentum. While there are some relations to continuum spaces, fascinating new phenomena have been discovered in the discrete setting throughout the last decade. The goal of the workshop was to bring together experts reporting about the recent developments in a broad variety of dynamical or geometric models and to reveal new connections and research directions.
Nonstandard Finite Element Methods
Authors: Boffi Daniele , Carstensen Carsten , Ern Alexandre , Hu Jun
Published: March 2022

Finite element methodologies dominate the computational approaches for the solution to partial differential equations and nonstandard finite element schemes most urgently require mathematical insight in their design. The hybrid workshop vividly enlightened and discussed innovative nonconforming and polyhedral methods, discrete complex-based finite element methods for tensor-problems, fast solvers and adaptivity, as well as applications to challenging ill-posed and nonlinear problems.
Moduli spaces and Modular forms
Authors: Bruinier Jan Hendrik , van der Geer Gerard , Gritsenko Valery
Published: March 2022

The relation between moduli spaces and modular forms goes back to the theory of elliptic curves. On the one hand both topics experience their own growth and development, but from time to time new unexpected links show up and usually these lead to progress on both sides. One subject where there has been a lot of progress concerns the moduli of abelian varieties and K3 surfaces and especially on the Kodaira dimension of these spaces. The idea of the workshop was to bring together the experts of the two areas in the hope that discussion, interaction and lectures would spur the development of new ideas. The lectures of the workshop gave ample evidence of the interaction and provided opportunities for further interaction. Besides the lectures participants interacted via zoom in smaller groups.
Impact of the Ebola Virus Outbreak on Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence and Outcomes in a Military Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone
Authors: Hogan Kathryn M. , Bangura Henry Saidu , Li Jing , Kamara Mohamed Akmed Salim , Jiang Jiafu , von Fricken Michael E.
Published: March 2022

The impact and disruption of infectious disease outbreaks stretch far beyond their direct death toll, as they often overburden health systems, reduce treatment seeking behaviors, and interrupt treatment regimens. This study examines the impact of the 2014–2016 Ebola virus outbreak on tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes at the 34 Military Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone. We used retrospective data from 1,085 TB patient outcome data registers to build a multinomial logistic regression model to evaluate the change in TB treatment outcomes before and after the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) declaration in August 2014. These results showed that HIV status, patient age, whether patients had active versus latent TB, and the time since the start of the outbreak were significantly associated with TB treatment outcomes. The model showed an increase in probability of unknown and unsuccessful (died or treatment failed) treatment outcomes with each month after the PHEIC declaration, across age groups, TB status, and HIV status.
Light sensors assess solar radiation vs. shade exposure of slick- and wild-type Puerto Rican Holstein cows
Authors: Sánchez-Rodríguez Héctor L. , Domenech-Pérez Katherine
Published: March 2022

Anecdotal data suggest that slick-haired cows (SLICK) graze under solar radiation longer than their wild type-haired (WT) counterparts. However, to the authors’ knowledge, empirical data regarding the suggestion is scarce. This study aimed to use light sensors (HOBO Pendant MX) to study solar radiation exposure. Sensors (attached to a collar) were validated in 20 Holstein cows rotated from shade (0837 to 0906h) to sunlight (0907 to 0932h) and then back to shade (0933 to 1005h). After validation, sensors were used to compare the differences in solar radiation exposure between 10 SLICK and 10 WT Holstein cows. Data were analyzed by the GLIMMIX and FREQ procedures (SAS). Light intensity was greater under solar radiation than during the first (P<0.01) and second (P<0.01) shade periods (51,026.00±682.25; 2,282.40±647.64 and 1,907.27±626.28 lx, respectively). No differences were observed between shade periods (P=0.62). The SLICK cows spent more time under solar radiation than the WT cows (52.67 vs. 47.33%, respectively; P<0.01). Hair coat type and period interacted (P<0.01), with greater light intensities in SLICK than in WT cows under solar radiation (24,702±106.65 vs. 20,518±98.43 lx, respectively); but no differences were observed under shade (1,856±7.03 and 1,793.2±6.53 lx, respectively). The SLICK cows showed greater exposure time to direct solar radiation than their WT counterparts.
Comparative yield of carcass components of F1 crossbred rabbits sired by a New Zealand Red or a Flemish Giant buck
Authors: Tosado-Martínez Tatiana , Domenech-Pérez Katherine , Sánchez-Rodríguez Héctor L.
Published: March 2022

La cunicultura mundial se centra en razas cárnicas como la Nueva Zelanda variedad roja (NZR). También existen razas ornamentales como la Gigante de Flandes (GF), que alcanzan gran tamaño adulto. En Europa los cruces F1 entre estas razas han mostrado un excelente rendimiento. El presente estudio comparó el desempeño de conejos de padre NZR (n=seis machos y seis hembras) o GF (n=nueve machos y nueve hembras) y madres Californianas cruzadas. A la edad de 91 a 93 d los conejos se pesaron (peso vivo; PV) y procesaron. Se obtuvieron los pesos de la canal, vísceras, piel, hígado, riñones, pulmones, corazón, patas (delanteras y traseras), lomo y grasa abdominal. Se calcularon los rendimientos de la canal, patas y lomo. Los datos se analizaron mediante Proc GLIMMIX (SAS). No hubo interacción padrote x sexo (P>0.05) ni efecto de sexo (P>0.05). Los conejos hijos del NZR resultaron inferiores a los del GF en PV (P=0.0048) y en los pesos de la canal (P=0.0314), vísceras (P=0.0172), piel (P=0.0004), riñones (P=0.0004), pulmones (P=0.0453) y patas traseras (P=0.0007). En promedio, las diferencias observadas fueron 380.51, 158.76, 80.64, 104.58, 2.40, 1.70 y 0.79 g, respectivamente. Los conejos hijos del padrote NZR mostraron un menor rendimiento (0.79%) en las patas traseras que los del GF (P=0.0181). No hubo diferencias entre padrotes para las demás variables (P>0.05). Los conejos 50% NZR presentaron canales más pequeñas que los de padre GF. Los cruzamientos de raza gigante x raza cárnica se deben considerar para maximizar la producción de conejos en Puerto Rico.
La modernidad, la guerra y lo absurdo de la historia
Authors: Carassale Real Santiago Andrés
Published: March 2022

El propósito de este trabajo es trazar los límites de la conciencia histórica de la modernidad, para lo cual reconstruiremos las investigaciones y reflexiones que al respecto desarrolló Reinhart Koselleck desde la memoria estética, la historia conceptual, hasta la historia y sus temporalidades. Para este historiador las guerras motivadas políticamente constituyeron el eje fundamental para la fundación de la conciencia histórica de la modernidad. La muerte sistemática y masiva de población civil en la Segunda Guerra Mundial marcó un límite a la fundación de este sentido histórico de las guerras exponiendo el fondo absurdo de la historia. Para entender este límite de la historia resulta central recuperar las expresiones icónicas en los diversos monumentos que se han ido creando en memoria de los muertos por las guerras y el Holocausto. Esta experiencia del absurdo tiene su paralelo en la forma de comprensión de la historia.
¿Cómo cuidar a los cuidadores? La urgencia de una educación desde la conciencia
Authors: Lara Fernando Lara , Vera Pulgarín Evelyn Juliana
Published: March 2022

Reseña del libro: Ana Urrutia Beaskoa, Cuidar. Barcelona: Ariel, 2018, 237 pp.
Identidades en tensión y agendas feministas
Authors: González Ángela Sierra
Published: March 2022

En esta reflexión se estudia el significado de las fracturas en los discursos feministas como un fenómeno recurrente en lo teórico y en lo político. Estas divisiones o posiciones opuestas irreconciliables tienen como trasfondo en los diversos feminismos, la relación con el poder, la violencia o el género. Desde esta perspectiva, se reflexiona acerca del porqué el feminismo se encuentra en el centro de la protesta social y se revisan dos puntos de fricción en las posturas feministas: las identidades y la discusión sobre los “esencialismos”. Por último, frente a estas divergencias en el interior de los feminismos, se enfatiza la continuidad y reconfiguración de la censura del feminismo.
A Novel Ultrasonic Method for Measuring the Position and Velocity of Moving Objects in 3D Space
Authors: Thong-un Natee , Wongsaroj Wongsakorn
Published: March 2022

This study proposes a method for concurrently determining the position and velocity of a moving object in three-dimensional (3D) space using echolocation. A spherical object, i.e., a flying ball, is used to demonstrate the ability of the proposed method. The position of the object is calculated using a time-of-flight (TOF) technique based on a cross-correlation function, which requires less computational time when using one-bit signal technology. The velocity of the object is subsequently computed from the length of chirp signals and the velocity vector measurements between the position of the object and the position of acoustical receivers. The coordinate of the object location is identified by the distance from the sound source to the object, the elevation angle, and the azimuth angle. The validity and repeatability of the experimental results are evaluated by statistical methods, showing ±1% of accuracy. It is concluded that the proposed method can identify the position and velocity of a rigid body in 3D space.
Importancia de las estrategias en las Obligaciones Tributarias frente a la Emergencia Sanitaria Covid-19 en Pymes de Cuenca, Ecuador
Authors: Galarza Julissa , Ordóñez Parra Janice , Zamora Zamora Edgar Geovanny
Published: March 2022

Ecuador tiene entre sus principales ingresos los impuestos, sin embargo, el cumplimiento tributario representa divergencia entre el objetivo estatal de recaudar impuestos para la inversión pública y la disposición de las personas de obviar el pago de impuestos. Debido a la crisis sanitaria provocada por el Covid-19 la recaudación tributaria decreció, la deuda pública se elevó y el PIB declinó, durante esta situación el gobierno decretó, en marzo del 2020 varias medidas que impidieron a las empresas realizar sus actividades con normalidad, enfrentándose a una economía débil y en proceso de reactivación. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la importancia del cumplimiento tributario para el país y el panorama de las Pymes cuencanas en contexto de la pandemia mundial Covid-19, considerando sus ingresos, fuentes de empleo e impuesto a la renta causado de los periodos 2016 al 2020. Para el estudio se empleó una metodología con enfoque mixto, alcance descriptivo desde un diseño no experimental y longitudinal de evolución de grupo en las Pymes del cantón Cuenca (Ecuador), cuyo resultado se desprende el impacto de la pandemia en el primer año llevando al confinamiento y se impusieron fuertes restricciones como la libre circulación, lo que trajo consigo el efecto socioeconómico que afectó a un tercio de la población. Por lo cual, se estableció una propuesta de estrategias genéricas que apoyen a las obligaciones tributarias a fin de que su cumplimiento sea de manera apropiada evitando sanciones y a su vez se fortalezca la contribución al país.
Penerapan Good Corporate Governance dan Kinerja Keuangan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan
Authors: Prasetyo Hendra , Julianto Wisnu , Laela Ermaya Husnah Nur
Published: March 2022

Penelitian berikut merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan good corporate governance dan kinerja keuangan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Variabel independen yang termasuk dalam penelitian ini adalah komisaris independen, dewan direksi, komite audit dan kepemilikan institusional sebagai proksi dari Good Corporate Governance. Return on Equity (ROE) sebagai proxy dari Kinerja Keuangan. Tobins'Q digunakan untuk mengukur nilai perusahaan sebagai variabel independen. Sampel yang termasuk dalam penelitian ini adalah Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) periode 2014-2018. Metode Sampel Purposif digunakan untuk memilih sampel. Sudah diperoleh 22 BUMN semua sektor. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan komisaris independen tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan, komite audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan dan ROE tidak berdampak terhadap nilai perusahaan. Dewan direksi berpengaruh negatif terhadap nilai perusahaan dan kepemilikan institusional berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan.
Menangani Perubahan Iklim dengan Memperhatikan Sektor Industri, Inovasi dan Infrastruktur Khususnya pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Alodia Anya , Darwin  , Sari Nabila , Winata Nicky winata , Iswara Vizta Dana
Published: March 2022

Munculnya pandemic COVID-19 menyebabkan kelemahan tatanan global yang mana pemerintah telah berupaya untuk membatasi akan adanya penyebaran virus ini dengan ragam upaya seperti lockdown dan pembatasan perjalanan, yang menyebabkan terhentinya perekonomian dan menciptakan resesi global. Namun, banyak sumber yang menyatakan bahwa ancaman yang nyata dialami manusia akan perubahan iklim bukan hanya suhu bumi yang menjadi semakin panas, namun munculnya penyakit-penyakit baru yang salah satu diantaranya yaitu hadirnya virus COVID-19. Sehingga hadir asumsi yang menyatakan bahwa perubahan iklim mengubah cara kita berhubungan dengan spesies lain di Bumi dan itu penting bagi kesehatan dan risiko kita terhadap infeksi. Namun, dampak yang paling terasa dari krisis COVID -19 ini tentunya adalah negara-negara miskin, yang sumber daya alam dan ketahanannya terbatas untuk melakukan mitigasi terhadap pandemic COVID-19 ini. Mereka tentunya lebih riskan untuk terkena dampak buruk dari krisis COVID-19 dan ini akan semakin memperparah kesenjangan global. Ditambah lagi dengan kesehatan ekonomi mereka yang pasti menurun secara drastis dikarenakan mereka harus mengoptimalisasikan anggaran dana mereka yang sudah terbatas untuk mencukupi kebutuhan-kebutuhan yang diperlukan guna mencegah penyebaran serta penanganan dampak kesehatan COVID-19. Maka dari itu, ini berimbas kepada potensi perkembanagn Industri, Inovasi dan Infrastruktur negara secara keseluruhan. Solusi yang tepat yang dapat direkomendasikan yaitu menjaga keutuhan ekosistem yang masih alami dan memperbaiki ekosistem yang telah rusak. Solusi selanjutnya yaitu meminimalisir penggunaan gas emisi dalam kendaraan. Meningkatkan keaktifan penanaman 10.000 pohon di setiap titik yang diperlukan. Pengurangan penggunaan bahan bakar minyak dan beralih kepada penggunaan bahan bakar biofuel guna penurunan gas karbondioksida. Solusi terakhir yaitu meskipun kegiatan ekonomi harus dilakukan dengan cara new normal perlu adanya program baru untuk menekan jumlah perpindahan penduduk dari kota berpenduduk padat. Dimana hal ini mungkin akan membantu jalannya program rumah susun bagi masyarakat di pemukiman kumuh.
Analisis Penggunaan Konjungsi dan Korelasinya terhadap Kohesi Serta Koherensi Teks Eksplanasi
Authors: Thomas Elisa , Vincensius Galuh Kusuma , S S P U Ana Maria
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah peran konjungsi terhadap kohesi dan koherensi teks eksplanasi. Objek peneltian adalah teks ekspalanasi siswa kelas XI SMA Kolese Loyola Semarang. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis dokumen. Sampel menggunakan teknik purposive dan snowball sampling.Trianggulasi data menggunakan trianggulasi teori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesalahan pemakaian konjungsi mengakibatkan hilangnya kohesi dan koherensi kalimat karena lesapnya subjek, predikat, dan faktor ambiguitas. Hal ini berdampak terhadap keseluruhan isi teks eksplanasi.
Analisis Disiplin Kerja Sebagai Permediasi Pengaruh Kesehatan Kerja dan Keselamatan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Papua Cremona di Sorong Papua Barat
Authors: Siagian Paschal Greycius
Published: March 2022

Tujuan Penelitian Ini Adalah: Pertama, Pengaruh positif keselamatan  kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Papua Cremona Di Sorong-Papua Barat. Kedua, Pengaruh positif kesehatan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Papua Cremona Di Sorong-Papua Barat. Ketiga, Peran disiplin kerja dalam memediasi pengaruh positif keselamatan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Papua Cremona Di Sorong-Papua Barat. dan Keempat, Peran disiplin kerja dalam memediasi pengaruh positif kesehatan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Papua Cremona Di Sorong-Papua Barat. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan di PT Papua Cremona di Sorong-Papua Barat yang berjumlah 92 karyawan. Sedangkan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan probability sampling dengan teknik random sampling, yaitu metode pengambilan sampel yang memberikan kesempatan yang sama untuk diambil kepada setiap elemen populasi dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 karyawan. Metoda pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hipotesis yang diajukan, diuji secara statistik dengan menggunakan Teknik structural equation modelling dengan program SMARTPLS 3.2.7 untuk menguji hubungan keempat variabel. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel keselamatan kerja, kesehatan kerja, dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan.