bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERCEIVED EFFECT OF MICROFINANCE SERVICES IN SAN JOSE, OCCIDENTAL MINDORO
Authors: Dagos Rizzi Angelica Ternida
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to determine the role of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in alleviating poverty among households of San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. Particularly, this study aimed to: (1) characterize microfinance household clients in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro, in terms of: socio- demographic, economic and communication; (2) determine the driving forces of clients to avail microfinance services; (3) identify the household-clients’ frequently availed/accessed/paid microfinance services; and (4) determine the household clients’ perceived effect of microfinance services in terms of: economic, social and personal. A total of 200 randomly selected household MFI clients, both from rural and urban barangays of San Jose, Occidental Mindoro were interviewed for this study. Descriptive statistics such as mean, weighted mean, frequency and percentage distribution were used in analysing and presenting the data. The results of the study revealed that most of the respondents are female, married and literate. They have other sources of income. Among the most common driving forces of household clients in availing microfinance services are financial security, health-related concerns and education. The frequently availed services of household clients are savings, insurance and loans and their most common microfinance service provider is the Center for Agriculture and Rural Development Incorporated (CARD Bank). The household clients experienced reduced poverty and increased acquisition of assets as economic effect of microfinance services, while they had improved lifestyle and improved relationships with other people as social effects and increased self-confidence and fulfillment as personal effects of microfinance services.
PENDAMPINGAN UMKM PERCETAKAN PAVING HIDROLIS PADA UD RINA KHATULISTIWA DESA PAGERHARJO KECAMATAN WEDARIJAKSA KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Ermawati Nanik , Arumsari Nurul Rizka , Primadasa Rangga
Published: July 2021

UMKM percetakan paving hidrolis UD Rina Khatulistiwa dimiliki oleh H Sayogo di Jalan Wedarijaksa – Jetak Kabupaten Pati. Usaha ini didirikan semenjak 10 tahun yang lalu. Usaha ini mengalami perkembangan usaha yang bagus.  Produksi paving ini menggunakan mesin hidrolis. Dengan memiliki 10 buruh pembuat paving. Produksi paving hidrolis ini mampu menjual paving sebanyak 1000 meter per bulan. Penjualan ini cukup tinggi dengan penjualan melalui toko. Namun untuk kualitas paving sendiri kadang paving dapat pecah. Karena paving dapat pecah ini kadang kala konsumen bisa saja pindah ke toko yang lain. Dengan pindahnya konsumen ke toko yang lain dapat menurunkan omzet usaha ini. Selain itu untuk perhitungan keuangan UMKM ini juga masih belum melakukan perhitungan laba rugi secara bulanan. Setiap ada pendapatan dan biaya yang di keluarkan oleh UMKM ini belum melakukan pencatatan.

Berdasarkan beberapa permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh mitra tersebut maka kami memberikan solusi atas permasalahan tersebut dengan cara : 1). Memberikan pelatihan bagi karyawan cetak paving untuk meningkatkan kualitas paving yang dirpoduksi selama ini dengan melakukan kegiatan perbaikan pada pekerja, metode, material, dan mesin. 2). memberikan pelatihan penyusunan laporan keuangan, 3). Memberikan pelatihan peningkatan penjualan melalui pemasaran online.

Tujuan dari program pelatihan ini supaya UMKM mampu meningkatkan produktivitas dan penjualan produknya. Dengan meningkatnya penjualan produk paving ini akan meningkatkan kesejahteraan UMKM dan kesejahteraan karyawan UMKM. Sehingga kesejahteraan masyarakat juga ikut meningkat.

Hasil pendampingan UMKM ini diharapkan 1). Produk paving yang berkualitas, 2). Karyawan UD Rina Khatulistiwa mampu menyusun laporan keuangan, 3). Karyawan mampu memasarkan produk secara online melalui Social Networking System (SNS).

 

Kata Kunci: paving, laporan keuangan, kualitas produk, pemasaran online
Kearifan Lokal Padi Ratun Sebagai Upaya Mitigasi dan Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim Di Desa Wonosari Kecamatan Gondangrejo
Authors: Komariah Komariah , Ariyanto Dwi Priyo , Sumani Sumani , Yanti Yuli , Setyawati Andriyana , Priswita Rahajeng Putu Widiani
Published: July 2021

Berbagai inovasi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi dan pencapaian target produksi telah dihasilkan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian (Balitbangtan). Saat ini salah satu teknologi budidaya padi yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan adalah budidaya padi ratun. Di Sumatera Barat teknologi padi ratun yang banyak dipraktikkan adalah budidaya padi salibu. Budidaya padi salibu merupakan teknologi budidaya yang telah dimodifikasi disesuaikan dengan daerah Sumatera. Budidaya padi ratun memiliki beberapa keuntungan seperti lebih hemat tenaga, biaya dan benih, tanpa pengolahan tanah, tanam sekali panen dua-tiga kali. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan penyuluhan, FGD dan pendampingan di Desa Wonosari Gondangrejo, Karanganyar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan budidaya padi ratun dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengantisipasi dampak perubahan iklim seperti ketersediaan air yang makin terbatas jika 3 faktor seperti modifikasi teknologi budidaya padi ratun secara jelas, mengoptimalkan kinerja penyuluh pertanian dan kelompok tani, pembentukan kawasan budidaya padi ratun.
Aplikasi Teknologi Proses Pembuatan Cincau Hitam Instan Sebagai Usaha Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Petani Janggelan di Desa Temboro, Kecamatan Karang Tengah, Wonogiri
Authors: Hadi Syamsul , Astirin Okid Parama , Nurcahyo Wisnu , Fauza Gusti , Abid Haniful
Published: July 2021

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan Petani Janggelan di Desa Temboro, melalui aplikasi teknologi proses pembuatan cincau hitam instan. Cincau hitam merupakan produk pangan yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan. Bahan baku utama pembuatan cincau hitam adalah tanaman janggelan. Tanaman janggelan ini banyak terdapat di Kabupaten Wonogiri dengan luas tanam sebesar 1.348 Ha dan produksi kering 5.523 ton,  per tahun dimana rata-rata produksi per hektar adalah 4.097 kg. Selama ini pemanfaatan tanaman janggelan hanya dikeringkan dan dikemas dengan pengepresan kemudian didistribusikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Hal ini tentunya menghilangkan potensi tambahan insentif yang bisa didapatkan oleh petani dan penduduk lokal karena produk yang dikomersialisasikan adalah bahan mentah bukan produk olahan. Padahal tanaman janggelan ini sangat potensial untuk diproses menjadi cincau hitam instan dalam bentuk powder yang tentunya mempunyai nilai jual yang lebih baik. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan aplikasi teknologi proses untuk mengolah tanaman janggelan ini. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengaplikasian teknologi proses ini adalah 1) perencanaan dan sosialisasi program melalui diskusi dan dialog dua arah,  2) pelaksanaan program dan pelatihan penggunaan alat dan 3) monitoring, evaluasi dan refleksi pelaksanaan program. Adapun program yang disepakati dengan mitra untuk dilaksanakan adalah, rancangan dan pembuatan alat produksi, instalasi dan pelatihan pembuatan produk dan pendampingan strategi pemasaran produk. Program ini diikuti oleh kelompok tani yang tergabung dalam UKM Bumi Makmur dengan kapasitas maksimum produksi 5 kilogram bahan  baku daun janggelan kering, yang kurang lebih setara dengan produk akhir 250 sachet cincau hitam instan (30 gram), yang harga jual di pasarnya adalah Rp4000-Rp5000 rupiah per sachetnya. Melalui kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat skema hibah program teknologi yang didesiminasikan ke masyarakat (PTDM) ini dihasilkan produk cincau hitam instan dengan brand janggelan powder asal Desa Temboro, Wonogiri.
KEPEDULIAN MAHASISWA TERHADAP MASYARAKAT TERDAMPAK WABAH COVID-19 DI DKI JAKARTA DAN D.I. YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Purwanto Edy Edy , Alfathan Mohammad Farhan , Embunsari Mayang Indriana , Astridayanti Nabila , Aprilya Sonia , Hamzah Edo Daniza
Published: July 2021

Covid-19 (corona virus disease 2019) merupakan jenis penyakit baru yang disebabkan oleh virus dari golongan SARS-Cov-2. Penularan Covid-19 berlangsung sangat cepat dan menyebar hingga ke berbagai negara di dunia, salah satunya Indonesia yang bermula pada bulan Maret 2020. Jakarta dan Yogyakarta merupakan kota yang memiliki jumlah kasus positif Covid-19 yang cukup tinggi dan termasuk dalam zona merah. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat terhadap bahaya dari penularan virus Corona. Kebijakan dan peraturan yang selama ini telah diberikan oleh protokoler dan pemerintah masih dianggap enteng dan diabaikan oleh masyarakat. Dengan demikian, Tim KKN Relawan UNS Tanggap Wabah Covid-19 periode Mei – Juni 2020 memutuskan untuk melakukan program kerja dengan tema supporting pemahaman masyarakat terhadap Covid-19, terutama mengenai bahaya virus Corona, cara pencegahannya, serta kebijakan dan peraturan yang harus dipatuhi. Pelaksanaan KKN Relawan UNS Tanggap Wabah Covid-19 berlangsung dengan baik dan sesuai rencana awal. Keberhasilan program kerja karena adanya dukungan dari Ketua RT setempat dan masyarakat. Hasil program kerja KKN yang telah dilaksanakan antara lain yaitu, sosialisasi edukatif mengenai Covid-19 melalui media sosial Instagram dan grup WhatsApp, kegiatan penyaluran masker dan hand sanitizer, serta pembuatan hand sanitizer holder dengan upaya untuk menurunkan tingkat penyebaran Covid-19 di wilayah DKI Jakarta dan Yogyakarta
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Fraud Pemerintah Daerah: Peran Intervening Perilaku Tidak Etis
Authors: Dewi Septiningsih  , Saiful  Anwar
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi pegawai di instansi pemerintahan mengenai pengaruh keefektifan pengendalian internal, kesesuaian kompensasi, asimetri informasi, dan moralitas individu terhadap fraud dengan perilaku tidak etis sebagai variabel intervening di Pemerintah Daerah Boyolali. Populasi penelitian ini terdiri dari 1.862 pegawai dan sampel penelitian sejumlah 101 pegawai instansi pemerintah dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pengaruh keefektifan pengendalian internal dan kesesuaian kompensasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap fraud. Asimetri informasi dan moralitas individu berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap fraud. Sedangkan perilaku tidak etis berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap fraud. Kemudian keefektifan pengendalian internal dan moralitas individu tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku tidak etis. Selanjutnya kesesuaian kompensasi dan asimetri informasi berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap perilaku tidak etis. Hasil dari path analysis menunjukkan bahwa variabel perilaku tidak etis dapat memediasi pengaruh variabel kesesuaian kompensasi dan asimetri informasi terhadap fraud. Namun, tidak dapat memediasi pengaruh variabel keefektifan pengendalian internal dan moralitas individu terhadap fraud. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan oleh manajemen sektor publik untuk menetapkan strategi pencegahan fraud pada pemerintah.
Peran Kualitas Pelayanan dalam Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi: Sosialisasi Pajak dan Sanksi Pajak
Authors: Pujilestari Herly , Humairo Mutiara , Amrie Firmansyah  , Estralita Trisnawati
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh sosialisasi pajak dan sanksi pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga memasukkan kualitas pelayanan sebagai pemoderasi dalam hubungan antara sosialisasi pajak dan kepatuhan wajib pajak dan hubungan antara sanksi pajak dan kepatuhan wajib pajak. Data penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang bersumber dari survei kuesioner yang diberikan kepada responden yaitu dokter yang memiliki penghasilan independen. Berdasarkan purposive sampling, penelitian ini mendapatkan 66 responden yang telah mengisi survei kuesioner, namun data yang dapat digunakan dan memenuhi kriteria penelitian ini sejumlah 50 kuisioner. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sosialisasi pajak dan sanksi pajak berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Sementara itu, kualitas pelayanan memperlemah pengaruh positif sosialisasi pajak terhadap kepatuhan pajak dan memperkuat pengaruh positif sanksi pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa Otoritas Perpajakan di Indonesia perlu meningkatkan semua jenis pelayanan kepada wajib pajak.
An Aggressive Digital Papillary Adenocarcinoma and a Grossly Similar, Contralateral Callus
Authors: Miller Ryan Edward , Guillen Phillip Tomas , Chen Yen Hsun , Riedel Barth B.
Published: July 2021

Case:

This is a case of a 44-year-old man with 10 years of history of painful callus-like swellings of bilateral index fingers. Sudden enlargement of the left index finger prompted biopsy, which revealed aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma (ADPA) that was treated with partial amputation. Biopsy of the contralateral finger revealed acanthotic skin with no evidence of malignancy.

Conclusion:

Several case reports cite antecedent insult and chronic swelling before diagnosis. We describe a case of bilateral lesions with similar gross appearances, a long history of occupational repetitive trauma, and sudden enlargement of 1 lesion leading to the diagnosis of ADPA.
Femoral Head Perforation After Primary Hip Arthroplasty: Unseen Complication of Ceramic-on-Ceramic Interface
Authors: Karaismailoglu Bedri , Karaismailoglu Turgut Nedim
Published: July 2021

Case:

A 33-year-old woman, who underwent bilateral ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty 3 years previously, presented with right groin pain and mechanical grinding without a history of trauma. Radiographs revealed luxation of the femoral head, and computerized tomography showed perforation of the ceramic femoral head. The patient underwent revision with a metal-on-polyethylene articulation and retained femoral stem. Two years of follow-up yielded good clinical outcome with no evidence of osteolysis or polyethylene wear.

Conclusion:

The perforation of a ceramic femoral head should be kept in mind as one of the possible implant failure mechanisms after primary hip arthroplasty.
Anterior Atlas Fracture After C1 Laminectomy Which Was Successfully Treated by Brace Therapy
Authors: Fujiwara Yasushi , Harada Takahiro , Kotaka Shinji , Ohta Ryo , Nishimori Makoto , Adachi Nobuo
Published: July 2021

Case:

We report a case of a 67-year-old male patient who underwent a C1 laminectomy with laminoplasty at C2-3 because of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. At 6 weeks after surgery, neck pain occurred after minor trauma without neurological deterioration. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated C1 anterior atlas fracture with a 3-mm gap. After a 3-month brace therapy using a Philadelphia collar, the patient's neck pain disappeared with complete bone union according to the CT.

Conclusion:

Among 14 cases that were reported previously, none of the adult patients achieved bone union by brace therapy. Therefore, this is the only case report in which bone union could be achieved by brace therapy.
Avascular Necrosis and Atraumatic Anterior Dislocation of the Femoral Head During Pregnancy
Authors: Clements Ari J. , Bishop Meghan E.
Published: July 2021

Case:

This report describes a case of bilateral femoral head avascular necrosis during pregnancy with a subsequent anterior dislocation of the femoral head during labor in a 40-year-old woman.

Conclusions:

Many physiologic and hormonal changes occur during pregnancy. Although rare, hip pathologies may cause life-changing health outcomes, demonstrating a need for more research and careful monitoring throughout pregnancy.
Use of Recombinant Factor VIIa for Bleeding Control in Treatment of Acute Extremity Compartment Syndrome Secondary to Primary Myelofibrosis
Authors: Demirel Mehmet , Kendirci Alper Şükrü , Özmen Emre , Polat Gökhan
Published: July 2021

Case:

A 40-year-old man was admitted to our emergency department with a painful and swollen calf. There was no history of significant trauma, and the physical examination revealed a pulseless, swollen left lower leg. Clinical history revealed a diagnosis of primary myelofibrosis, and magnetic resonance imaging showed a rupture of the gastrocnemius medial head. The diagnosis of spontaneous acute extremity compartment syndrome (AECS) secondary to myelofibrosis was established. An open fasciotomy procedure was performed, and recombinant factor VIIa treatment was applied to control bleeding. Postoperatively, fasciotomy wounds were closed with skin grafts.

Conclusion:

AECS may develop in patients with bleeding disorders, and recombinant factor VII may help control bleeding.
Quantifying Mediators of Racial Disparities in Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores
Authors: Simkin Jennifer , Valentino John , Cao Wentao , McCarthy Christina , Schuon Jonathan , Davis Jacob , Marrero Luis , Dasa Vinod , Leonardi Claudia , Yu Qingzhao
Published: July 2021

Background:

Studies on symptomatic osteoarthritis suggest that Black patients report worse pain and symptoms compared with White patients with osteoarthritis. In this study, we aimed to quantify the relationship among variables such as overall health and socioeconomic status that may contribute to disparities in patient-reported outcomes.

Methods:

A total of 223 patients were enrolled. A mediation analysis was used to evaluate cross-sectional associations between race and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire, which was administered to patients prior to undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty.

Results:

Black patients had worse KOOS pain, symptoms, and activities of daily living subscale scores than White patients. In our cohort, Black patients were younger, more likely to be female, and more likely to report lower educational status. We identified age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and education as partial mediators of racial disparities in KOOS subscale scores. Insurance status, deformity, radiographic (Kellgren-Lawrence) grade, C-reactive protein level, marital status, body mass index, and income did not show mediating effects. We found that, if age and sex were equal in both cohorts, the racial disparity in KOOS symptom scores would be reduced by 20.7% and 9.1%, respectively (95% confidence intervals [CIs], −5.1% to 47% and −5.5% to 26.3%). For KOOS pain scores, age and education level explained 18.9% and 5.1% of the racial disparity (95% CIs, −0.6% to 37% and −10.8% to 22.9%). Finally, for KOOS activities of daily living scores, education level explained 3.2% of the disparity (95% CI, −19.4% to 26.6%).

Conclusions:

No single factor in our study completely explained the racial disparity in KOOS scores, but our findings did suggest that several factors can combine to mediate this disparity in outcome scores. Quantification of variables that mediate racial disparity can help to build models for risk adjustment, pinpoint vulnerable populations, and identify primary points of intervention.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Early Functional Outcomes After Evolutionary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Panchani Sunil K. , Divecha Hiren M. , Lafferty Rebecca , Pavlou George , Oakley Jez , Shaw Debbie , Chitre Amol , Wynn Jones Henry , Raut Videsh , Smith Robert , Gambhir Anil , Board Tim
Published: July 2021

Background:

Total knee replacement (TKR) designs continue to evolve with the aim of improving patient outcomes; however, there remains a significant patient dissatisfaction rate. We report the early functional outcomes of an evolutionary knee design in the context of a single-blinded, noninferiority, randomized controlled trial.

Methods:

Patients were randomized to receive either the P.F.C. SIGMA or ATTUNE knee implant systems (DePuy Synthes). All implants were fixed-bearing, cruciate-retaining, and cemented constructs. Patients were assessed at baseline and 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year postoperatively using clinical and functional outcome measures, including range of motion, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Oxford Knee Score-Activity and Participation Questionnaire (OKS-APQ), Patient Knee Implant Performance (PKIP) score, 5-Level EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-5L), and Short Form-36 outcome measures.

Results:

There were 150 patients who underwent a surgical procedure (76 with the ATTUNE implant and 74 with the P.F.C. SIGMA implant), with 147 patients remaining at the final review. No differences were observed in any of the outcome measures between the groups at any time point. Tourniquet time was significantly shorter in the P.F.C. SIGMA arm (p = 0.001); however, this had no clinical impact on the OKS (analysis of covariance [ANCOVA] test) at the final review (p = 0.825). There was no difference in the numbers of patients achieving the minimal clinically important difference for the OKS between the groups (p = 0.817).

Conclusions:

This trial did not show inferiority of the ATTUNE implant when compared with the P.F.C. SIGMA implant. The authors believe that implant innovation should continue and that modern implants should be introduced into the market following randomized controlled trials. Further work should assess the effect of non-implant-related factors on patient outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Effects of PGR Soaking Treatment and Cow Manure Fertilizer Dosage On Corn (Zea mays L.) Variety Arjuna Growth and Yield
Authors: Miftakhurrohmat A , Nur Jannah Fitri Yantika
Published: July 2021

The main objective of this investigation was to study The Effects of PGR Soaking Treatment and Cow Manure Fertilizer Dosage On Corn (Zea mays L.) Variety Arjuna Growth and Yield, this experiment was conducted at Jiken village, Tulangan, Sidoarjoduring April to July 2018,This research used a two factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and repeated three times. The first faktor was PGR Soaking treatment (0, 15, and 20ml/liter). The second factor was Cow Manure Fertilizer (10, 20, dan 30 ton/ha). Parameters research focused on buds appeared time, plant height, the number of leaves, stem diameters, cob of corn fresh weight, cob of corn dry weight, and corn seed dry weight. This research reflectedsignificant differences interaction between PGR Soaking Treatment and Cow Manure Fertilizer Dosage in plant height (42 DAP). PGR Soaking Treatment reflected significant differences in cob of corn, number of leaves (56 DAP), and very significant differences of corn fresh weight and dry weight, and corn seed dry weight. Cow Manure Fertilizer Dosage reflected significant differences in cob of corn fresh weight and dry weight, and corn seed dry weight.
Effect of Planting Media and Varieties on Growth and Yield Production of Shallots (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: WDP Al Machfudz , Prasetyo Deni Hari
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of planting media and varieties on the growth and yield of shallot (Allium cepa L.) It was conducted from January to March 2020. The study used a randomized block design with 2 factors. Factor 1 is the type of planting media, namely without manure, chicken manure 10 tons/ha, goat manure 10 tons/ha, cow manure 10 tons/ha. Factor 2 is the shallot varieties Keta Monca and the Philippines. The results showed that there was an interaction between planting media and onion varieties on plant length variables in the combination of goat manure media with Filipino varieties at the age of 21 days with the highest yield (23,700 cm), while at 28 days it occurred in the combination of chicken manure media with keta varieties. monca with the highest yield (29,889 cm). In the variable number of leaves there was an interaction between chicken manure media and keta monca varieties at the age of 21 days (23.778 strands) and at the age of 28 days (28,000 pieces). plant, tuber wet weight per plant, tuber wet weight per plot, tuber dry weight per plant and tuber dry weight per plot. The best results occurred in the treatment of chicken manure growing media, while the lowest results occurred in the treatment without manure
Solving Whitham-Broer-Kaup-Like Equations Numerically by using Hybrid Differential Transform Method and Finite Differences Method
Authors: Al-Rozbayani Abdulghafor M. , Al-Botani Zeena M.
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to propose a hybrid approach of two powerful methods, namely the differential transform and finite difference methods, to obtain the solution of the coupled Whitham-Broer-Kaup-Like equations which arises in shallow-water wave theory. The capability of the method to such problems is verified by taking different parameters and initial conditions. The numerical simulations are depicted in 2D and 3D graphs. It is shown that the used approach returns accurate solutions for this type of problems in comparison with the analytic ones.
An Efficient Algorithm for Fuzzy Linear Fractional Programming Problems via Ranking Function
Authors: Mitlif Rasha Jalal
Published: July 2021

In many applications such as production, planning, the decision maker is important in optimizing an objective function that has fuzzy ratio two functions which can be handed using fuzzy fractional programming problem technique. A special class of optimization technique named fuzzy fractional programming problem is considered in this work when the coefficients of objective function are fuzzy. New ranking function is proposed and used to convert the data of the fuzzy fractional programming problem from fuzzy number to crisp number so that the shortcoming when treating the original fuzzy problem can be avoided. Here a novel ranking function approach of ordinary fuzzy numbers is adopted for ranking of triangular fuzzy numbers with simpler and easier calculations as well as shortening in the procedures. The fuzzy fractional programming problem is the first reduced to a fractional programming problem and then solved with the technique to obtain the optimal solution. It has a power to give a best solution for supporting the solution theory proposed in this work, some numerical fuzzy fractional programming problem are included to ensure the advantage, efficiency and accuracy of the suggested algorithm. In addition, this research paper describes a comparison between our optimal solutions with other existing solutions for inequalities constrains fuzzy fractional program.
Study the Inhibition Effect of Amoxicillin Drug for Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Saline Media
Authors: Mahmoud Zeena Sh. , Shams Abeer K. , Salman Taghried Ali
Published: July 2021

Potentiostatic polarization and weight loss methods have been used to investigate the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in sodium chloride solution at different concentrations (0.1, 0.4 and 0.6) M under the influence of temperatures ( 293, 298, 303, 308 and 313) K. The inhibition efficiency of the amoxicillin drug on carbon steel in 0.6 M NaCl has also been studied based on concentration and temperature. The corrosion rate showed that all salt concentrations ( NaCl solution) resulted in corrosion of carbon steel in varying ratio and 0.6 M of salt solution  was the highest rate (50.46 g/m².d). The results also indicate that the rate of corrosion increases at a temperature of 313 K.. Potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that the examined inhibitor suppress both anodic and cathodic process and behave as mixed type inhibitor. The adsorption of amoxicillin was found to obey Langmuir isotherm model. Arrhenius equation and transition state theory were used to calculate kinetic and thermodynamic parameter. Results obtained showed that corrosion reaction of carbon steel in NaCl is spontaneous and there is a good agreement between the data got from the both techniques employed. SEM analysis was performed to study the film persistency of the inhibitor.
Diagnosing Pilgrimage Common Diseases by Interactive Multimedia Courseware
Authors: Mohammed Mazin Abed , Ali Itimad Raheem , Obaid Omar Ibrahim
Published: July 2021

In this study, we attempt to provide healthcare service to the pilgrims. This study describes how a multimedia courseware can be used in making the pilgrims aware of the common diseases that are present in Saudi Arabia during the pilgrimage. The multimedia courseware will also be used in providing some information about the symptoms of these diseases, and how each of them can be treated. The multimedia courseware contains a virtual representation of a hospital, some videos of actual cases of patients, and authentic learning activities intended to enhance health competencies during the pilgrimage. An examination of the courseware was conducted so as to study the manner in which the elements of the courseware are applied in real-time learning. More so, in this research, a discussion on the most dangerous diseases which may occur during the season of pilgrimage is provided. The use of the multimedia course is able to effectively and efficiently provide information to the pilgrims about these diseases. This technology performs this task by using the knowledge that has been accumulated from past experience, particularly in the field of disease diagnosis, medicine and treatment. The courseware has been created using an authoring tool known as ToolBook instructor to provide pilgrims with quality service.
Securing Text Messages Using Graph Theory and Steganography
Authors: Abdul-Ghani Samaher Adnan , Abdul-Wahhab Renna D. , Abood Enas Wahab
Published: July 2021

Data security is an important component of data communication and transmission systems. Its main role is to keep sensitive information safe and integrated from the sender to the receiver. The proposed system aims to secure text messages through two security principles encryption and steganography. The system produced a novel method for encryption using graph theory properties; it formed a graph from a password to generate an encryption key as a weight matrix of that graph and invested the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method for hiding the encrypted message in a colored image within a green component. Practical experiments of (perceptibility, capacity, and robustness) were calculated using similarity measures like PSNR, MSE, and SSIM. These measures had proved the efficiency of the system for image quality and hiding messages with PSNR ratio more than 85 dB, MSE ranged (4.537e-05  to 5.27546e-04) and SSIM=1.0 for using a cover file with size ranged from 256×300 to 1200×760 pixels and message ranged from 16 to 300 characters.
Humanitarian innovation: The next step for greater impact
Authors: Wilde Jennifer , McClure Dan
Published: July 2021

Since 2010, the aid sector has invested significant funds in innovation practice, implementing pilots and other practices borrowed from Silicon Valley. While this has supported some impact, the aid sector has now hit a plateau with innovation, struggling to scale what works, frustrated by ‘digital litter’ (unsustainable technology projects), trying to overcome the small innovation trap, and ‘pilotitis’ (fatigue from implementing small-scale projects that never scale up). Many innovation leaders in the social and development sectors are realising that the ‘lean’ innovation approaches commonly used do not work well for the complex challenges in their sector.

To create the change and impact that our work demands, organisations must be able to work with real and messy challenges, and create large-scale innovative solutions. The sector is beginning to use system innovation to move past simplifying challenges in lean experiments and hackathons. This paper discusses how system innovation can support humanitarians to take the next step to innovation effectiveness, to create real impact in communities.
Weight Changes According to Treatment in a Diverse Cohort of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Fukui Jami , White Kami , Frankland Timothy , Oshiro Caryn , Wilkens Lynne
Published: July 2021

BackgroundWeight changes are common among breast cancer patients. The majority of studies to date have focused on weight gain after a breast cancer diagnosis and its implications on health in survivors. Fewer studies have examined weight loss and its related characteristics. Weight changes have been reported to be influenced by several factors such as age, treatment, stage and pre-diagnostic weight. We evaluated weight changes during key treatment time points in early stage breast cancer patients.MethodsWe characterized 389 female patients diagnosed in Hawaii with early stage breast cancer from 2003-2017 in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) linked with Kaiser Permanente Hawaii electronic medical record data. We evaluated weight changes from surgery to 4 years post-diagnosis with six time points along a patient’s treatment trajectory (chemotherapy, radiation, endocrine, or surgery alone) and annually thereafter, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity and initial body mass index (BMI).ResultsWe found key time points of significant weight change for breast cancer patients according to their adjuvant treatment. In patients who had surgery alone (S), surgery-radiation (SR), or surgery-endocrine therapy (SE), the majority of patients had stable weight, although this consistently decreased over time. However, the percentages of patients with weight loss and weight gain during this time steadily increased up to 4 years after initial surgery. Weight loss was more common than weight gain by about 2 fold in these treatment groups. For patients with surgery-chemotherapy (SC), there was significant weight loss seen within the first 3 months after surgery, during the time when patients receive chemotherapy. And this weight loss persisted until year 4. Weight gain was less commonly seen in this treatment group.ConclusionsWe identified key time points during breast cancer treatment that may provide a therapeutic window to positively influence outcomes. Tailored weight management interventions should be utilized to promote overall health and long term survivorship.
Characterisation of multi-metal resistant Serratia sp. GP01 for treatment of effluent from fertilizer industries
Authors: Sahoo Hrudananda , Kumari Sushama , Jyethi Darpa Saurav , Naik Umesh Chandra
Published: July 2021

The effluent generated from fertilizer plants in Paradeep in the coast of the Bay of Bengal is the major pollutant causing health hazard in the vicinity of the area with respect to plants, animals and microbes. Samples of effluent were found to contain heavy metals (mg L-1): Cr (100), Ni (36.975), Mn (68.673), Pb (20.133), Cu (74.44), Zn (176.716), Hg (5.358) and As (24.287) as analyzed by XRF. Indigenous bacterial strains were screened for chromate and multi-metal resistance to remediate the toxic pollutants. The isolated strain G1 was identified as Serratia sp. through 16S-rDNA sequence homology. Potent strain Serratia sp. GP01 treated with 100 mg L-1 of K2Cr2O7 has shown the efficacy of reducing 69.05 mg L-1 of Cr over 48 h of incubation. Further, presence of chromate reductase gene (ChR) in Serratia sp. confirmed the enzymatic reduction of Cr (VI). SEM-EDX and SEM mapping analysis revealed substantial biosorption of Cr and other heavy metals present in effluent by Serratia sp. GP01. Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (72.15 U mL-1), SOD (57.14 U mL-1) and peroxidase (62.49 U mL-1) were found to be higher as compared to the control condition. FTIR study also revealed the role of N-H, O-H, C = C, C-H, C-O, C-N, and C = O functional groups of the cell surface of Serratia sp. treated with K2Cr2O7 and effluent from the fertilizer industry. Isolated strain Serratia sp. could be used for the detoxification of Cr (VI) and other heavy metals in fertilizer plant effluent.
Identification of a candidate gene for bruchid resistance by combining fine mapping and transcriptome profiling in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Chen Honglin , Hu Liangliang , Wang Lixia , Wang Suhua , Cheng Xuzhen
Published: July 2021

Bruchids or seed weevils are serious storage insect pests of mung bean and other pulses. Though bruchid-resistant mung bean germplasm accessions are screened out, the molecular mechanisms of bruchid resistance in mung bean are still unclear. In this study, a segregating population with 182 RILs plants was developed; delimit the controlling gene to a 111-kb physical interval, in which 11 genes were predicted. Vr04g00919 encoding the function of a polygalacturonase inhibitor, was the most likely candidate genes. Here, sequence analysis of the candidate gene coding regions revealed that it has six SNPs between the parental lines and three SNPs resulted in amino acid changes. Sequence alignment revealed that one of these three SNPs are located in a conserved leucine rich repeat (LRR) domain, which is essential for the function of the protein. Subcellular localization of the VrPGIP2-GFP fusion protein indicated that the candidate gene PGIP2 is located in the nucleus and cytosol. RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that many defense responses, cell wall synthesis, biotic and abiotic stresses, and hormone synthesis were greatly activated in the bruchid resistance plants. These findings contribute to the molecular marker assisted selection of bruchid resistance cultivars.
The gene repertoire of the main cysteine protease of Trypanosoma cruzi, cruzipain, reveals four sub-types with distinct active sites
Authors: Santos Viviane Corrêa , Oliveira Antonio Edson Rocha , Campos Augusto César Broilo , Reis-Cunha João Luís , Bartholomeu Daniella Castanheira , Teixeira Santuza Maria Ribeiro , Lima Ana Paula C. A. , Ferreira Rafaela Salgado
Published: July 2021

Cruzipains are the main papain-like cysteine proteases of Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. Encoded by a multigenic family, previous studies have estimated the presence of dozens of copies spread over multiple chromosomes in different parasite strains. Here, we describe the complete gene repertoire of cruzipain in three parasite strains, their genomic organization, and expression pattern throughout the parasite life cycle. Furthermore, we have analyzed primary sequence variations among distinct family members as well as structural differences between the main groups of cruzipains. Based on phylogenetic inferences and residue positions crucial for enzyme function and specificity, we propose the classification of cruzipains into two families (I and II), whose genes are distributed in two or three separate clusters in the parasite genome, according with the strain. Family I comprises nearly identical copies to the previously characterized cruzipain 1/cruzain, whereas Family II encompasses three structurally distinct sub-types, named cruzipain 2, cruzipain 3, and cruzipain 4. RNA-seq data derived from the CL Brener strain indicates that Family I genes are mainly expressed by epimastigotes, whereas trypomastigotes mainly express Family II genes. Significant differences in the active sites among the enzyme sub-types were also identified, which may play a role in their substrate selectivity and impact their inhibition by small molecules.
Quercetin Inhibits Rat Epidural Fibrosis by Regulating the Biological Behavior of Fibroblasts
Authors: Cao Yile , Chen Hui , Fan Zhehao , Sun Yu
Published: July 2021

Objective: This study attempted to investigate the effects of quercetin on postoperative fibrosis in the epidural as well as any potentially relevant signaling pathways.Methods: The effect of quercetin on reducing epidural fibrosis was confirmed via histological staining and immunohistochemical analysis in vivo. Accordingly, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and Eedu staining, TUNEL staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect the effects of quercetin on the proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblasts and explore the possible signal transduction pathway.Results: HE staining and Masson staining showed that quercetin could reduce the number of fibroblasts and collagen content. Moreover, LC3 immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that quercetin could induce autophagy, while CCK-8 showed that quercetin inhibited fibroblast viability in a concentration and time-dependent manner. The results of Edu staining, TUNEL staining and Western blot illustrated that quercetin could inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of fibroblasts. Additionally, immunofluorescence showed that quercetin could inhibit the migration of fibroblasts and reduce collagen content. LC3 immunofluorescence staining, Western blot and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that quercetin could induce autophagy. Furthermore, following intervention with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, quercetin was suggested to affect the proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblasts via autophagy, possibly through the PI3K / Akt / mTOR signaling pathway.Conclusion: Quercetin can regulate fibroblast proliferation, apoptosis, migration and other biological behaviors through autophagy, thereby preventing epidural fibrosis. The specific corresponding pathway may be the PI3K / Akt / mTOR signaling pathway.
Catastrophic Health Expenditures and its Inequality in Rural Poor Households in China
Authors: Wang Yihuan , Zhang Chu , Guo Mengdi
Published: July 2021

Background：Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) is an important indicator to measure health equity. Reducing risk of CHE and breaking vicious cycle between poverty and poor health are original intentions of medical security system design in various countries. This paper fulfills a research gap on CHE and its inequality in Chinese rural poor households.Methods：Based on 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Data (CHARLS), Logit and Tobit regression models were used to analyze CHE incidence and intensity among rural poor households, and its socioeconomic inequality.Results：The results showed that CHE incidence of rural poor households was 28.20%, and the average intensity was 0.076. For rural poor households, CHE incidence and intensity were higher than those in non-poor households at each given threshold from 20% to 60%. Socioeconomic factors including household size, chronic disease status, disability status, health service utilization, whether to have older adults ≥ 65 significantly associated with household CHE. Conclusions：Although China's social health insurance has almost achieved universal coverage, CHE incidence of rural poor households still remains high. A more refined health insurance policy with expanding current benefits packages, increasing reimbursement level is essential for protecting rural poor households from incurring CHE. Policy makers should also establish a new medical assistance system based on healthcare expenditure, which can effectively relieve medical economy burden of rural impoverished households.
Older Age and High Α-fetoprotein Predict Higher Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B-Related Cirrhotic Patients Receiving Nucleos(T)ide Analogue Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hu Ching-Chih , Weng Cheng-Hao , Lin Chih-Lang , Chang Pei-Hung , Hua Man-Chin , Chien Rong-Nan
Published: July 2021

Background: Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) were proved to reduce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, but data was limited on the efficacy in the CHB patients with cirrhosis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 447 patients with CHB-related cirrhosis, who initiated tenofovir/entecavir therapy during April 2007 and August 2013. They were divided into HCC (n=48) and non-HCC (n=399) groups. The mean follow-up period was 63.2 ± 34.2 months.Results: Forty-eight patients (10.7%) developed HCC during surveillance. The annual incidence rate of HCC was 2.04 (95% CI: 1.52–2.68) per 100 person-year. The cumulative incidence of HCC was 0.9%, 9.8% and 22.1% at the 1, 5 and 10 years, respectively. Significant predictors for HCC identified using multiple Cox regression analysis were age ≥50 years (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08–5.1) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) ≥8 ng/ml (HR: 2.05, 95% CI = 1.1–3.84). The incidence rate of HCC was further analyzed in subgroups according to the risk factors identified by multivariate cox regression. The incidence rate of HCC was 8.67-fold higher in patients with age ≥50 years and AFP ≥8 ng/ml (3.14 per 100 person-year, 95% CI = 1.99–4.72) than those with age <50 years and AFP <8 ng/ml (0.36 per 100 person-year, 95% CI = 0.06–1.19).Conclusion: The cirrhotic CHB patients with age <50 years and AFP <8 ng/ml have the lowest annual incidence of HCC. However, the cirrhotic patients with age ≥50 years or/and AFP ≥8 ng/ml have significantly higher risk for HCC and warrant careful surveillance schedule for HCC development.
A Successful Venous Thromboprophylaxis in a Patient with Vaccine-induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT): a case report of the first reported case in Thailand
Authors: Khuhapinant Archrob , Rungjirajittranon Tarinee , Suwanawiboon Bundarika , Chinthammitr Yingyong , Ruchutrakool Theera
Published: July 2021

BackgroundVaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but fatal complication of Coronavirus Disease 2019 vaccine. Many reports of VITT have mostly been in the Caucasian population. Here, we present first reported case from an oriental population.Case presentationA 26-year-old female who had severe headache and severe thrombocytopenia 8 days after administration of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine developed by AstraZeneca. Although no thrombosis was demonstrated by imaging studies, she had very highly elevated d-dimer level during hospitalization. Serology for antibody against platelet factor 4 was positive on several days with very high optical density readings. Furthermore, we found the antibody could induce spontaneous platelet aggregation without the presence of heparin. We decided to treat her with intravenous immunoglobulin, high-dose dexamethasone, and a prophylactic dose of apixaban. She improved rapidly and was discharged from the hospital 6 days after admission. Neither thrombocytopenia nor thrombosis was subsequently detected at three weeks follow-up.ConclusionsDespite lower rate of thrombosis, VITT can present in Asian population. Early detection and prompt treatment of VITT can improve patients’ clinical outcome. Thromboprophylaxis of non-heparin anticoagulants also results in prevention of clot formation.
Research on Surface Roughness of Supersonic Vibration Auxiliary Side Milling for Titanium Alloy
Authors: Wei XueTao , yue caixue , Hu DeSheng , Liu XianLi , Ding YunPeng , Liang Steven Y.
Published: July 2021

The processed surface contour shape is extracted with the finite element simulation software, and the difference value of contour shape change is used as the parameters of balancing surface roughness to construct the infinitesimal element cutting finite element model of supersonic vibration milling in cutting stability domain. The surface roughness trial scheme is designed in the central composite test design method to analyze the surface roughness test result in the response surface methodology. The surface roughness prediction model is established and optimized. Finally, the finite element simulation model and surface roughness prediction model are verified and analyzed through experiment. The research results show that, compared with the experiment results, the maximum error of finite element simulation model and surface roughness prediction model is 30.9% and12.3%, respectively. So, the model in this paper is accurate and will provide the theoretical basis for optimization study of auxiliary milling process of supersonic vibration.