bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Insecticide Residues in Inceptisols at The Central of Horticultural Production, Banuhampu Agam West Sumatra
Authors: Herviyanti H , Maulana A , Rezki D , Yasin S , Prasetyo T B , Mailiza Y M , Darfis I , Dwipa I
Published: February 2024

The high persistence of insecticides in soil and their toxicity to farmers and agricultural land are serious problems with insecticide application. This study was to identify and characterize insecticide residues on Inceptisol in the center of horticultural production, Banuhampu Agam West Sumatra. The determination of soil samples was carried out by purposive random sampling with a quantitative survey method. Sample testing using randomized completely block design (RCBD) with four slope levels and three points of sampling : 0-8%; 8-15%; 15-25%, and 25-45% in fields at a depth of 0-20 cm and forests (25-45% slope) as control. Insecticide residues on Inceptisol in the central of horticultural production, Banuhampu Agam West Sumatra, identified as many as 5 types, namely: Cypermethrin [C22H19Cl2NO3]; Permethrin [C21H20Cl2O3]; Profenofos [C11H15BrClO3PS]; Phenthoate [C12H17O4PS2], and Diazinon [C12H21N2O3PS]. Cypermethrin was the most highly contaminated insecticide residue found in soil at 0.1 mg kg−1 and is a pyrethroid insecticide. The effect of slope level was not significant on the identification of the number of active ingredients and total insecticide residue concentration. However, the highest number of active ingredients on 0-8% and 25-45% slope each amounted to 3 units, while the highest total concentration of insecticide residues on 0-8% slope amounted to 0.499 mg kg−1.
The acclimatization of banana plantlets cv. Barangan Merah resulting from in vitro culture using organic medium
Authors: Setyowati M , Kesumawati E , Efendi E , Bakhtiar B
Published: February 2024

Barangan Merah is a potential type of banana to be developed under in vitro condition. Acclimatization is the final stage in the propagation by in vitro culture. The use of acclimatization medium from organic materials in the surrounding environment can be an alternative in acclimatization process. This study aims to obtain the optimal organic medium in acclimatization process for the growth of Barangan Merah banana seedlings resulting from in vitro culture. The planting material used plantlets from in vitro regeneration of banana cv. Barangan Merah from Tissue Culture Laboratory, Agricultural Faculty, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The experiment used the individual pot technique with the application of organic medium types, namely husk charcoal, sand, leaf litter compost, and oil palm fruit bunches compost. The results of this research showed that the highest number of seedlings that were still survive until the end of the acclimatization process was found in the husk charcoal medium (71.43%). The best seedling growth according to the increasing of leaves number, leaf size, and plant height in the acclimatization process was found in leaf litter compost medium.
Study of influence of genus and mycorrhizae dosage on the growth of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) in the seedling and post-seedling phases in inceptisols soil
Authors: Syafruddin S , Syakur S , Munandar F A , Rafiqa N , Hatami N K
Published: February 2024

Pogostemon cablin Benth. (Lamiaceae) is the source of patchouli essential oil, which is an important and unique commodity in the fragrance industry. Patchouli plants are also cultivated on inceptisol with low nutrient content and CEC exchange. The use of mycorrhiza is expected to increase nutrient absorption, and plant performance of patchouli. This research is divided into 2 phases, namely the seedling and post-seedling phases. This study applies a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 3 x 3 factorial and 3 replications. The observed factors were genus mycorrhizae; namely M1 (Glomus mossae), M2 (Gigaspora cf gigantea), and M3 (Glomus mossae + Gigaspora cf gigantea); and mycorrhizal dose; namely D1 (5 g), D2 (10 g), and D3 (15 g). Data were subjected to analysis of ANOVA using SPSS ver. 21.0 with Tukey’s test. In the seedling and post-seedling phases, the initiation of Glomus mossae had a significant impact on the growth of patchouli and mycorrhiza colonization. The best mycorrhizae dose is 5g which has a significant effect on the number of leaves at 135 and 150 DAP. The interaction of Glomus mossae at a dose of 10 g mycorrhizae has a significant effect on the stem diameter 135 and 150 DAP.
Detection of counterfeiting rice bran using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)
Authors: Damela P , Despal  , Adrizal  , Afnan I M
Published: February 2024

This study aims to compare rice bran quality from different origins and to differentiate rice bran from rice husk based on the spectrum produced by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) technology. The rice bran used in this study comes from mills and poultry shops in West Java and Sumatra. This study used husks as an adulteration mixing material in rice bran with mixing levels of 25% rice bran: 75% husk, 50% rice bran: 50% husk, and 75% rice bran: 25% husk. Proximate compositions (water content, ash content, ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), and crude fiber (CF)) were observed. NIRS spectra were collected using the Buchi NIRCal 5.2 application. The results showed an interaction between provider and origin on rice bran EE, CP, and CF contents. Rice bran provided by the miller had better quality with higher CP (17.3% vs. 12.2%) and lower CF (12.0% vs. 16.6%) content in the West Java origin case and higher EE (16.5% vs. 11.1%) in West Sumatera case. The broad spectra distribution showed the variety of the rice bran quality from the poultry shop. The artificial adulteration spectra confirm the impure rice bran quality from the poultry shop.
How to enhance soil quality in dryland farming systems in Indonesia (Review)
Authors: Sufardi S
Published: February 2024

Soil quality is one of the factors that determines the sustainability of an agricultural system. The ability of types of soil to support the health and habitat of living things, maintain the production of plants and animals, and preserve the quality of the water and air is known as soil quality. Soil quality is not limited to agricultural land, but also includes how to maintain soil function as part of the ecology. In dryland farming systems, the issue of soil quality has become a concern of researchers and agribusiness actors because there are many problems related to dryland management systems, especially in Indonesia, where most farmers have not mastered good farming techniques. This paper presents a review of soil quality in Indonesian dryland farming systems and offers several solutions to improve soil quality through an agroecological approach.
Shelf-life prediction of chicken nuggets based on the thickness level of composite plastic packaging using accelerated shelf-life testing (ASLT) method by the Arrhenius equation approach
Authors: Rohaya S , Rahmat F , Sulaiman I
Published: February 2024

The packaging of ground chicken meat, known as chicken nuggets, generally experiences a very rapid rate of deterioration caused by microorganisms. To determine the shelf life of chicken nuggets, shelf life measurements are made by accelerating product degradation through environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, gas atmosphere, and light. In this study, the thickness level of composite plastic packaging was tested using the accelerated shelf-life testing (ASLT) method with the Arrhenius equation approach. The study looked at the critical period of chicken nuggets packed in 15μm nylon and LLDPE composite plastic packaging with a thickness of 40μm and 50μm stored in an incubator at 45°C for two days, then sensory evaluation once a day and calculated the shelf life, where chicken nuggets were packed in 15μm nylon and LLDPE composite plastic packaging with a thickness of 40μm and 50μm and stored in an incubator with temperature variations of -15, 5 and 25 °C for 25 days, every five days analyzed for moisture content and TPC. The best shelf life of chicken nuggets is found in 50μm thickness composite plastic packaging at a temperature of -15 °C, lasting 136 days.
Changes in land use and land cover in forest areas in Bener Meriah and Aceh Tengah Districts, Indonesia
Authors: Anhar A , Muslih A M , Baihaqi A , Abubakar Y
Published: February 2024

This research aims to obtain information regarding land use and land cover (LULC) changes in forest areas in Bener Meriah and Aceh Tengah Districts in 2000-2021, especially on the loss and gain of forest areas, and conversion between land cover classes. We used Landsat 5 (TM) satellite imagery data recorded in 2000 and 2006, and Landsat 8 (OLI) satellite imagery recorded in 2014 and 2020/2021 on path/row data, namely 130/57. The classification processes of LULC included the determination of training areas, supervised classification, and accuracy assessment. The LULC in Bener Meriah and Aceh Tengah districts are dominated by primary dryland forest and secondary dryland forest 250348.45 ha (53.65%) and 103153.16 ha (22.11%), respectively; other land covers, plantation forest 45601.12 ha (9.77%) and shrubs 314722.96 ha (6.74%). However, there is a very significant increase in mixed dryland agriculture areas, from 3186.33 ha (0.68%) in 2000 to 19283.26 ha (4.13%) in 2021. Forest area management has shown a positive trend by significantly increasing in primary dryland forest areas, but there has also been a significant increase in mixed dryland agriculture areas. It is important to find solutions to prevent the spread of deforestation and maintain the sustainability and services of forest ecosystems.
The Population of siamang ( Sympalangus syndactylus) in Damaran Baru Forest, Timang Gajah District, Bener Meriah Regency
Authors: Ar Rasyid U H , Roslizawaty  , Ningsih M , Erdiansyah  , Farida A , Arlita T , Rosita I
Published: February 2024

The decline in the siamang population is due to increased trade, hunting and habitat degradation. The main buffer habitats generally only remain in forests with conservation forest status, one of which is the Damaran Baru Village Forest. This study aims to identify siamang populations in Damaran Baru Village Forest, Timang Gajah District. The research was conducted for one month from May to June 2023. The location was determined using a purposive sampling technique based on direct encounters and the tracks left by these animals. The research method used was observation with the concentration count, by recording the coordinates, height, number of individuals, sex of the animal and the number of each age class. The population was analyzed using the equation of population size and population density. Based on the data, the population was 15 individuals from 5 groups with a density of 6.97 individuals/km2. The age classes of adults (66.6%) and juvenile-1 (20%) dominated the age structure; hence, the population’s sustainability is considered good enough. Group 4 is the most balanced group in terms of age composition, because it has individual representatives in each age class. The sexual ratio in each group of siamang is 1:1.
Cocoa plant mapping in Aceh Tamiang regency, Aceh Indonesia: an object-based image analysis approach
Authors: Rizki W A , Sugianto S , Fazlina Y D , Rusdi M , Wijaya L
Published: February 2024

Cocoa is one of the leading commodities of plantations that has a vital role in the Indonesian economy. Due to the unavailability of detailed cocoa area data in Aceh Tamiang Regency, mapping was carried out by utilizing remote sensing technology. This study aims to map and determine the distribution of cocoa plants in Aceh Tamiang Regency using the object-based image analysis (OBIA) method and the accuracy test of the OBIA method to map cocoa plants. The object-based image analysis (OBIA) classification results for cocoa plants covered 946.87 ha and cocoa plants spread across 12 districts in Aceh Tamiang Regency. The widest distribution of cocoa is in Karang Baru District, 139.22 ha with a percentage of 14.70%, and the smallest area in Kota Kualasimpang District, covering an area of 6.30 ha with a rate of 0.67%. The results of the accuracy test to map cocoa plants using the OBIA method obtained an overall accuracy value of 95% and a kappa value of 86%.
Assessing carbon pools in Lemo Nakai community forest Bengkulu
Authors: Barchia M F , Sulistyo B , Limbong A G , Ananda A P , Suhartoyo H
Published: February 2024

Carbon sequestration and stockpiling in Indonesian community forests become a pressing issue in the context of efforts to mitigate climate change and Indonesia’s contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals. This investigation aimed to determine the carbon stocks at various forest structures within the Lemo Nakai (CF) community forest. The CF encompasses an area between 3°25‘59,588” - 3 27‘57,982” in altitude and 102°19‘25,108” - 102°22‘23,416” in length. The research was conducted between February and July of 2022. The estimated biomass in dense, medium, and sparse forest structures was 601 tons ha-1, 443 tons ha-1, and 241 tons ha-1, respectively, with carbon reservoirs of 276 tons ha-1, 204 tons ha-1, and 111 tons ha-1, respectively. In addition, the estimated CO2eq absorption in dense, medium, and sparse forest structures were 1,013 tons ha-1, 748 tons ha-1, and 406 tons ha-1, respectively.
Numerical simulation of water wave propagation using DualSPHysics
Authors: Trimulyono A , Dhanureski B R , Samuel S , Jokosisworo S
Published: February 2024

In this study, the study of water waves was carried out using one of major the mesh-free CFD i.e. Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). DualSPHysics ver 5.0 which is an open-source SPH solver based on Weakly Compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (WCSPH) was used to reproduce three dimension of water waves in large and medium numerical wave tanks (NWT). This study analyses water wave profiles and the accuracy of DualSPHysics for regular waves with period 1.15 second and two NWT were used, i.e., 35 and 15 m. In addition, advanced post-processing using VisualSPHysics was used to mimic water waves in real conditions. Single water depth was used, i.e. 0.4 meters for large and medium NWT. The results showed SPH has limitations for reproducing large NWT. However medium NWT successfully reproduce water wave with advanced post-processing using VisualSPHysics.
Simulation of a Wave Hydrodynamic Numerical Model on a Single Vertical Porous Breakwater
Authors: Sujantoko  , Pramestika G. A. , Mustain M. , Ikhwani H. , Hadiwidodo Y. S.
Published: February 2024

One of the problems in the coastal area is a change in the coastline in the form of a coastline retreat which results in the loss or damage of infrastructure and settlement facilities caused by extreme sea wave activity. One way to anticipate this problem is to build a breakwater. This research is focused on the effect of porosity and freeboard on the transmission and reflection of waves in a single vertical porous breakwater. Numerical modeling was done using a 3D Numerical Wave Tank (NWT) based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH). The numerical model results show that the average transmission and reflection coefficients are 0.58 and 0.42. In addition, it can be seen that the freeboard and porosity influence the value of the transmission and reflection coefficients. Generally, the smaller the freeboard, the greater the transmission coefficient and the smaller the reflection coefficient. Meanwhile, the greater the porosity, the greater the transmission coefficient, and vice versa, the smaller the reflection.
Use of Ergonomics and Analytical Hierarchy Process Model for Selection of Cities of Small Medium Enterprises
Authors: Nurmianto Eko , Kusuma S H , Nurif M , Kurniawan M D , Nurmianto F N , Nugraha K A
Published: February 2024

Fish Smoking is a traditional method that has long been used in fisheries. The use of fish smoking devices can have a negative impact on human health which results in the entry of smoke into the eyes, lungs, and skin. In order not to be harmful to human health, ergonomic and healthy fish smoking devices are used. This study analyzes the prioritization of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) groups in the use of fish smoking devices to reduce the risk of health problems. The approach method used in this analysis uses the Ergonomics and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to determine the priorities of SMEs groups in the use of fish smoking devices. The criteria in this analysis are Ergonomics (Safe, Comfortable, Healthy), Health, Education Level, Community Participation, Motivation, Habits, and Resistance. The results of the analysis found that priority choices in percentage include E, A, B, D, and C regencies. It is hoped that with the holding of Diffusion Technology Results of Innovation Products (DTHPI), the use of modern fish smoking devices that are more ergonomic, healthy, and practical can help improve the welfare of SMEs.
Mapping mangrove above ground carbon stock of benoa bay bali using sentinel-1 satellite imagery
Authors: Hidayah Z , Utama R Y S , As-Syakur A R , Rachman H A , Wiyanto D B
Published: February 2024

Mangrove forest ecosystems distributed in tropical countries play an important role in carbon sequestration. The presence of mangrove forests is estimated to be capable of reducing CO2 levels caused by air pollution. The process of photosynthesis absorbs CO2 gas from the atmosphere and stores it as organic matter in the form of plant biomass. The amount of carbon stock stored in mangrove forests can be estimated using a regression model based on satellite imagery pixel values and above ground biomass (AGB) measurements. This study used the backscattering value of SAR Sentinel 1 images and field AGB measurements to map carbon stocks in the mangrove forest ecosystem of Benoa Bay, Bali. The processed backscattering value is the result of VV and VH polarization in the SAR Sentinel 1 image acquired in 2022. Meanwhile, AGB is calculated using the allometric equation based on the mangrove’s species found at the study site. The biomass at the study location was estimated to be in the range of 64.18 Mg/Ha to 175.24 Mg/Ha, with an average of 115.34 ± 25.33 Mg/Ha. Therefore, the carbon stock of Benoa Bay can be estimated to have values in the range of 30.16 MgC/Ha to 82.36 MgC/Ha, with an average of 54.21 ± 11.09 MgC/Ha. In terms of estimating AGB biomass based on SAR pixel values, the VH polarization produces a better model (R2 = 0.635) than the VV polarization.
Comparison of peak ground acceleration using deterministic and probabilistic approach in the coastal area of Loh Buaya, Rinca Island, Indonesia
Authors: Rakhman Heryawan Kurnia , Ismanti Sito , Aditya Trias
Published: February 2024

An area located near an active volcano, subduction zone, and/or active fault has a risk of an earthquake. Earthquakes can cause damage to buildings with a large number of losses. One of the earthquake-related parameters required in planning an earthquake-resistant building is the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). The objective of this study is to compare the PGA value at the coastal area of Loh Buaya, Rinca Island, Indonesia, using Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) and Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA). The DSHA is calculated based on earthquake data series from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in the period between 1922 to 2022. Also, it is calculated using 10 data of Ground Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE). Data from the USGS is constrained with magnitude > 5.0 MW and earthquake distance < 200 km from the study site. The PSHA is based on the Indonesian earthquake hazard map and the de-aggregation map from the National Earthquake Study Centre of Indonesia with a probability exceeding 2% in 50 years. Based on the parameters of PGA maximum, distance, and magnitude, the DSHA by Kanno method has the closest result to the PSHA. It is concluded that this area has a high earthquake risk with a PGA maximum of more than 0.5 g.
Pesisir Barat Lampung Offshore Wind Characteristic in Local Renewable Energy Development Studies
Authors: Hermanto M F , Nandalianadhira N , Kencana E R , Khaldun M H I , Hutajulu I D , Epipanus D , Samosir J D
Published: February 2024

Renewable energy is one of the most researched topics. One renewable energy source is wind energy. As with some other energy sources, there are 2 locations for wind energy conversion, onshore and offshore. Using offshore wind energy requires more accurate wind data due to the higher risk. The characteristics of the wind at sea are one of these data. This study used data sets from ECMWF and BMKG from 2001 to 2020 (20 years). This research aims to examine the wind characteristics in the offshore of Pesisir Barat Lampung. The wind characteristics being examined are wind speed, wind direction, wind blowing duration, and wind speed distribution. The maximum hourly mean wind speed in these waters is 16.35 m/s. The dominant wind direction is blowing from the South East (SE). The maximum average wind-blowing duration to SE direction is 11 hours based on ECMWF and 14 hours based on BMKG. Based on the Chi-Square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov distribution fitting methods, the wind speed distribution in these waters is best fitted by the Weibull distribution for the ECMWF and the Lognormal distribution for BMKG. Using these two data sources, on average, ECMWF provides wind speeds 5% to 20% higher than BMKG. In analyzing wind potential, BMKG data will certainly provide more critical results than ECMWF data. In the analysis of offshore support structures, ECMWF data will certainly produce more critical structures. While the calculation of potential is better using BMKG data. Wind power potential in Pesisir Barat offshore is in the range of 44.6 to 82.9 W/m2.
Assessment of the Quality of Raw Water for Salt Production in Pangarengan, Sampang, East Java
Authors: Wardhani Maulinna Kusumo , Sulistiyorini Dyah Ayu
Published: February 2024

Seawater is the primary raw material for the production of sea salt. Seawater quality dramatically affects to salt production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seawater’s quality as a raw material for salt production in Pangarengan, Sampang, East Java, Indonesia. The assessment of water quality in this study includes physical and chemical characteristics. The location of this research was in the salt fields that close to settlements with high anthropogenic activity. Sampling points were the seawater inlet (P1), reservoir plot/bozem (P2), and evaporation plot (P3). Assessment of temperature, pH, salinity and water saturation using in-situ measurements. Determination of heavy metal parameters (Mercury, Cadmium, Lead, and Arsenic) using UV spectrometry. The physical characteristics of the highest water temperatures were in evaporated plot (40°C), while the water temperatures in the seawater entrance and reservoir ponds were respectively 33.5 °C and 36 °C. pH, one of the chemicals parameter, at the seawater entrance, reservoir plot, and evaporated plot were 8.2, 7.7, and 9. The salinity of the three points is more than 33 ‰, and the raw water saturation in the evaporated pool is 24° Be. Analysis of heavy metals in this study showed levels below seawater quality standards for consumption purposes.
Design of wave spectrum in the Java Sea
Authors: Dhanistha W L , Suntoyo  , Rosyid D M. , Akbar R
Published: February 2024

Information about wave characteristics plays a crucial role in the design of coastal and offshore infrastructure. This information is necessary to establish safety parameters for structures located offshore. Key parameters of interest include significant wave height and wave period, which are typically described through a wave spectrum. The creation of this wave spectrum involves using the fast Fourier transform, which converts the time domain into the frequency domain. The JONSWAP method describes how wave energy is distributed in the wave spectrum based on specific parameters, such as wind speed, duration of the wind, and the prevailing wave conditions. This method attempts to account for changes in the wave spectrum that occur when the wind blows at different intensities. As a result, the JONSWAP method allows for the generation of more realistic wave spectra under various weather conditions. From this energy spectrum, the JONSWAP shape will be sought to closely match the energy spectrum.
The Advantages and Challenges of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Tidal Current Turbine Systems - An Overview
Authors: Satrio D , Musabikha S , Junianto S , Prifiharni S , Kusumastuti R , Nikitasari A , Priyotomo G
Published: February 2024

A significant step in reducing the effects of greenhouse gases is obtaining electric energy from renewable sources. Electricity from tidal currents using underwater turbines is one of the most promising and well-liked technologies. The turbine systems are the key element in the tidal current energy. They are built using hydrodynamic principles to extract the most power possible from tidal ocean currents and are designed to last for extended periods in a maritime environment. The performance of tidal turbines is also significantly influenced by their materials, i.e., carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) used in them. This paper also reviews the CFRP materials used in tidal current turbine systems. Besides, an analysis of their advantages and challenges regarding CFRP materials that can impact tidal current turbine efficiency is further explored.
Planning on Perintis Shipping Rerouting By Utilizing Commercial Shipping: Case Study of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Wuryaningrum P , Yunianto I T , Hadi F , Santosa I G B
Published: February 2024

Perintis shipping is an Indonesian government program that is a domestic subsidized shipping that connects islands in Indonesia to increase the connectivity, especially for underdeveloped, remote, and border areas, or called 3TP. As Perintis shipping services have grown, with more routes and voyages, subsidies have also increased. The aim of this paper is to explore possible solutions for reducing subsidies by analyzing routes that intersect with commercial shipping. The objective is to determine the optimal route by rerouting the current Perintis route and utilizing the commercial route. This involves analyzing various factors such as operational efficiency, technical and financial considerations to identify the most feasible routes. This research focuses on the Perintis shipping route in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. There are five Perintis shipping routes, but only three of them intersect with commercial shipping routes. There are four potential routes available, consisting of three options for R-23 and one option for R-24. Based on the analysis, it has been determined that the most feasible option is the first option of R-24. The chosen routes have witnessed a reduction in subsidies, with a total amount of IDR 30.56 million and commercial shipping has achieved a profit increase of IDR 809.70 million.
Pre-processing data and window function testing on wave spectrum analysis
Authors: Panalaran S. , Suntoyo  , Sulisetyono Aries
Published: February 2024

Pre-processing data in oceanographic data research is an important step in processing data into the required information. This phase often takes longer and more rigorous time to present the correct data. Data pre-processing involves the selection of data, and the modification of data so that it can be readable in a computational algorithm. The data selection process includes selection of sample numbers, correction and filling of data gaps.The data used in spectrum analysis is the recording of the water surface profile of the wave in the data resolution of 1 second. The data needs to be corrected by the process of detrending against the tidal height which become the still water level. The spectral analysis is processed using the pwelch function on MATLAB. The frequency spectrum curve of the measurement is obtained from the calculation of the power spectral density value. In order to obtain a stable power spectral density curve, the Hann window function is used with the number of window elements, nfft/16.
Mathematics, word problems, common sense, and artificial intelligence
Authors: Davis Ernest
Published: February 2024

The paper discusses the capacities and limitations of current artificial intelligence (AI) technology to solve word problems that combine elementary mathematics with commonsense reasoning. No existing AI systems can solve these reliably. We review three approaches that have been developed, using AI natural language technology: outputting the answer directly, outputting a computer program that solves the problem, and outputting a formalized representation that can be input to an automated theorem verifier. We review some benchmarks that have been developed to evaluate these systems and some experimental studies. We discuss the limitations of the existing technology at solving these kinds of problems. We argue that it is not clear whether these kinds of limitations will be important in developing AI technology for pure mathematical research, but that they will be important in applications of mathematics, and may well be important in developing programs capable of reading and understanding mathematical content written by humans.
Comparison of Hyaluronidase-Mediated Degradation Kinetics of Commercially Available Hyaluronic Acid Fillers In Vitro
Authors: Faivre Jimmy , Wu Kevin , Gallet Mélanie , Sparrow Julia , Bourdon François , Gallagher Conor J
Published: February 2024

Background

The ability to degrade hyaluronic acid (HA)-based fillers with hyaluronidase allows for better management of adverse effects and reversal of suboptimal treatment outcomes.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the enzymatic degradation kinetics of 16 commercially available HA-based fillers, representing 6 manufacturing technologies.

Methods

In this nonclinical study, a recently developed in vitro multidose hyaluronidase administration protocol was used to induce degradation of HA-based fillers, enabling real-time evaluation of viscoelastic properties under near-static conditions. Each filler was exposed to repeated doses of hyaluronidase at intervals of 5 minutes to reach the degradation threshold of G' ≤ 30 Pa.

Results

Noticeable differences in degradation characteristics were observed based on the design and technology of different filler classes. Vycross fillers were the most difficult to degrade and the Cohesive Polydensified Matrix filler was the least difficult to degrade. Preserved Network Technology products demonstrated proportional increases in gel degradation time and enzyme volume required for degradation across the individual resilient hyaluronic acid (RHA) products and indication categories. No obvious relationship was observed between gel degradation characteristics and the individual parameters of HA concentration, HA chain length, or the degree of modification of each filler when analyzed separately; however, a general correlation was identified with certain physicochemical properties.

Conclusions

Manufacturing technology was the most important factor influencing the reversibility of an HA product. An understanding of the differential degradation profiles of commercially available fillers will allow clinicians to select products that offer a higher margin of safety due to their preferential reversibility.

Level of Evidence: 4
Long-term detection of Hartmannibacter diazotrophicus on winter wheat and spring barley roots under field conditions revealed positive correlations on yield parameters with the bacterium abundance
Authors: Quiroga Santiago , Rosado-Porto David , Ratering Stefan , Rekowski Azin , Schulz Franz , Krutych Marina , Zörb Christian , Schnell Sylvia
Published: February 2024

Monitoring of bioinoculants once released into the field remains largely unexplored; thus, more information is required about their survival and interactions after root colonization. Therefore, specific primers were used to perform a long-term tracking to elucidate the effect of Hartmannibacter diazotrophicus on wheat and barley production at two experimental organic agriculture field stations. Three factors were evaluated: organic fertilizer application (with and without), row spacing (15 and 50 cm), and bacterial inoculation (H. diazotrophicus and control without bacteria). Hartmannibacter diazotrophicus was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction on the roots (up to 5 × 105 copies g−1 dry weight) until advanced developmental stages under field conditions during two seasons, and mostly in one farm. Correlation analysis showed a significant effect of H. diazotrophicus copy numbers on the yield parameters straw yield (increase of 453 kg ha−1 in wheat compared to the mean) and crude grain protein concentration (increase of 0.30% in wheat and 0.80% in barley compared to the mean). Our findings showed an apparently constant presence of H. diazotrophicus on both wheat and barley roots until 273 and 119 days after seeding, respectively, and its addition and concentration in the roots are associated with higher yields in one crop.
Total knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis associated with abnormal patellar tendon deformity: a case report
Authors: Miyamoto Satoshi , Sasaki Shin , Kojin Hiroyuki , Okazaki Ken
Published: February 2024

There have been no earlier reports of knee osteoarthritis with valgus knee deformity in which the patellar tendon infiltrates the tibial bone marrow instead of attaching to the tibial tubercle. This case report describes a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed for the treatment of a primary knee osteoarthritis resulting from a valgus knee joint position attributed to an abnormality of the patellar ligament attachment. During a TKA, the tendon tissue in the tibial medullary canal interfered with the reamer used to prepare for the stem extensions needed to improve the fixation of the component on the tibia, which had a cortical defect. The arthroplasty succeeded, and good clinical results have been maintained over the 3 years since the surgery. Surgeons should consider careful preoperative examinations by magnetic resonance imaging or CT when an abnormal bone defect is observed at the tibial tubercle on plain X-ray images.
PCSK9 dysregulates cholesterol homeostasis and triglyceride metabolism in olanzapine‐induced hepatic steatosis via both receptor‐dependent and receptor‐independent pathways
Authors: Huang Piaopiao , Ran Juanli , Zhu Wenqiang , Dai Wen , Tang Yaxin , Lian Pingan , Huang Xiansheng , Li Rong
Published: February 2024

Schizophrenia, affecting approximately 1% of the global population, is often treated with olanzapine. Despite its efficacy, olanzapine's prolonged use has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and is involved in NAFLD pathogenesis via an unknown mechanism. This study aims to investigate the role of PCSK9 in olanzapine‐induced NAFLD. C57BL/6J mice and HepG2 and AML12 cell lines were treated with varying concentrations of olanzapine to examine the effects of olanzapine on PCSK9 and lipid metabolism. PCSK9 levels were manipulated using recombinant proteins, plasmids, and small interfering RNAs in vitro, and the effects on hepatic lipid accumulation and gene expression related to lipid metabolism were assessed. Olanzapine treatment significantly increased PCSK9 levels in both animal and cell line models, correlating with elevated lipid accumulation. PCSK9 manipulation demonstrated its central role in mediating hepatic steatosis through both receptor‐dependent pathways (impacting NPC1L1) and receptor‐independent pathways (affecting lipid synthesis, uptake, and cholesterol biosynthesis). Interestingly, upregulation of SREBP‐1c, rather than SREBP‐2, was identified as a key driver of PCSK9 increase in olanzapine‐induced NAFLD. Our findings establish PCSK9 as a pivotal factor in olanzapine‐induced NAFLD, influencing both receptor‐related and metabolic pathways. This highlights PCSK9 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for managing NAFLD in schizophrenia patients treated with olanzapine.
Immune cell‐intrinsic Ah receptor facilitates the expression of antimicrobial REG3G in the small intestine
Authors: Chakraborty Debopriya , Coslo Denise M. , Murray Iain A. , Vijay Anitha , Patterson Andrew D. , Perdew Gary H.
Published: February 2024

The intestinal epithelial layer is susceptible to damage by chemical, physiological and mechanical stress. While it is essential to maintain the integrity of epithelium, the biochemical pathways that contribute to the barrier function have not been completely investigated. Here we demonstrate an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)‐dependent mechanism facilitating the production of the antimicrobial peptide AMP regenerating islet‐derived protein 3 gamma (REG3G), which is essential for intestinal homeostasis. Genetic ablation of AHR in mice impairs pSTAT3‐mediated REG3G expression and increases bacterial numbers of Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) and Akkermansia muciniphila in the small intestine. Studies with tissue‐specific conditional knockout mice revealed that the presence of AHR in the epithelial cells of the small intestine is not required for the production of REG3G through the phosphorylated STAT3‐mediated pathway. However, immune‐cell‐specific AHR activity is necessary for normal expression of REG3G in all regions of the small intestine. A diet rich in broccoli, capable of inducing AHR activity, increases REG3G production when compared to a semi‐purified diet that is devoid of ligands that can potentially activate the AHR, thus highlighting the importance of AHR in antimicrobial function. Overall, these data suggest that homeostatic antimicrobial REG3G production is increased by an AHR pathway intrinsic to the immune cells in the small intestine.
Update on occupational allergy, including asthma, to soluble platinum salts
Authors: Heederik Dick , van Rooy Frits
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review

This review aims to evaluate recent literature on occupational platinum salt exposure and allergy and asthma in the context of existing evidence.

Recent findings

A major recent development is that large quantitative platinum salt exposure datasets have become available and are finding applications in epidemiological studies. These exposure data are expected to lead to higher quality epidemiological studies focusing on exposure response relations, modifiers of exposure and sensitization risk. The exposure data might also improve medical referral advice as part of medical surveillance studies and contribute to improved evidence on the effectiveness of exposure referral.

Hopefully, the availability of exposure databases form a stimulus for more exposure response studies and risk assessments leading to science based primary prevention approaches. The availability of more detailed exposure data can guide job transfer decisions in occupational clinical practice.
Fixation of Long Oblique and Spiral Metacarpal Shaft Fractures With Intramedullary Screw and Cerclage Wires
Authors: Smith Shelby R. , Sabet Andre , Luthringer Tyler , Simcock Xavier , Fernandez John J.
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Long oblique and spiral metacarpal shaft fractures are length-unstable fracture patterns susceptible to malrotation and shortening. We expand the use of intramedullary screw fixation for traditional length-unstable fracture patterns including long oblique and spiral with cerclage wire augmentation.

Materials and Methods:

Surgical technique of intramedullary screws for long oblique and spiral metacarpal shaft fractures, augmented with cerclage wires, is described. Case series of patients who underwent this technique over a 3-year period from 2 surgeons at a single institution were evaluated. The inclusion criteria included patients who underwent this technique with long oblique or spiral metacarpal shaft fractures. The exclusion criteria included open injuries, and base or neck fractures.

Results:

A total of 8 patients were included with an average age at surgery 42 years old (range, 25 to 70). Six of the 8 patients achieved full range of motion at the time of final follow-up. One patient had ~5 to 10-degree deficit in both flexion and extension, and the other had 20-degree loss in both flexion and extension. The follow-up averaged 62 days (range, 25 to 144 days). There were no patients with nonunion, malunion, hardware failure, or postoperative fracture subsidence or malrotation. The average time to union was 6.1 weeks (range, 3.5 to 12.4 wks).

Conclusions:

This hybrid technique expands the use of intramedullary screws to traditional length-unstable fractures including long oblique and spiral patterns. Patients demonstrate return to full range of motion, union approximately in 6 weeks, with minimal complications following this minimally invasive technique.
Clinical Picture and Risk Factors for Poor Outcome in Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis of Childhood on Three Continents
Authors: Mbakwe Pinja-Liisa , Roine Irmeli , Cruzeiro Manuel Leite , Kallio Markku , Peltola Heikki , Pelkonen Tuula
Published: February 2024

Background:

Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis (SpM) remains a major health burden worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Identifying the patients at highest risk for mortality and disabling sequelae may reveal potentially avoidable predisposing factors and identify patients most in need of intensive care. We searched for factors that do not require laboratory facilities.

Methods:

This study was a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from 5 clinical trials of childhood bacterial meningitis on 3 continents between 1984 and 2017. SpM cases were analyzed by study site and predictors for poor outcome (death or severe sequelae) were identified from the whole series, Latin America and Angola.

Results:

Among a total of 1575 children (age range: 2 months to 15 years), 505 cases were due to pneumococci. Compared to other etiologies, SpM doubled the death rate (33% vs. 17%) and tripled poor outcome (15% vs. 6%). In SpM, Glasgow Coma Score <13 [odds ratio (OR): 4.73] and previous antibiotics in Angola (OR: 1.70) were independent predictors for death. Predictors for poor outcome were age <1 year (OR: 2.41) and Glasgow Coma Score <13 (OR: 6.39) in the whole series, seizures in Latin America (OR: 3.98) and previous antibiotics in Angola (OR: 1.91). Angolan children had a 17-fold increased risk for poor outcome when compared with Finnish children (P = 0.011).

Conclusions:

Our study proved the severity of SpM when compared with other etiologies. The outcome was especially poor in Angola. Most patients at risk for poor outcome are easily identified by clinical factors on admission.
Early Neonatal Presentation and Neuroimaging of Parechovirus Meningoencephalitis in a Preterm Baby: A Case Report
Authors: Afzal Bushra , Roychaudhuri Sriya , El-Dib Mohamed , Erdei Carmina
Published: February 2024

Neonatal meningoencephalitis caused by human parechovirus infection is being increasingly recognized in recent literature. While most cases are postnatally acquired, intrauterine infection is rare, presents early and has a more severe impact on brain health and development. We discuss here an infant born preterm at 34 weeks gestational age, with neonatal course remarkable for severe encephalopathy presenting on day 2 of life due to human parechovirus meningoencephalitis transmitted in utero. Early magnetic resonance brain imaging detected extensive white matter injury and subsequently evolved into multicystic leukoencephalopathy. Posthospital discharge, infant was noted to have early neurodevelopmental impairment at 4 months corrected age.
Evaluation of Continuous Infusion Vancomycin in a Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Population
Authors: King Madeleine A. , Cross Shane J. , Morton Theodore H. , Hijano Diego R. , Greene William L. , Sun Yilun , Tang Li , Pauley Jennifer L. , Bourque Melissa S. , Christensen Anthony M.
Published: February 2024

Background:

Continuous infusion vancomycin (CIV) may benefit children who are unable to achieve therapeutic concentrations with intermittent vancomycin dosing and may facilitate outpatient administration by alleviating the burden of frequent dosing intervals. Previous studies have used variable dosing regimens and steady-state concentration goals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the total daily dose (TDD) of CIV required to achieve therapeutic steady-state concentrations of 15–25 µg/mL in pediatric hematology/oncology patients.

Methods:

A single-center retrospective study was performed for patients treated with CIV from January 2017 to June 2019. The primary outcome was the TDD required to achieve therapeutic steady-state concentrations on CIV. Secondary outcomes included time to reach therapeutic steady-state concentrations, CIV indications and adverse events associated with CIV.

Results:

Data were collected for 71 courses of CIV in 60 patients. Median patient age was 4 years (range: 0.4–20 years). The median TDD required to achieve initial therapeutic concentrations was 50.3 mg/kg/d (interquartile range: 38.8–59.2) and was further divided into age-based cohorts. TDD in mg/kg was significantly lower in the older cohort (P < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between age-based cohorts with TDD in mg/m2 (P = 0.97). Median time to achieve first therapeutic concentration was 19.3 hours (range: 8.6–72.3 hours). The most common indication for CIV was ease of outpatient administration (69.0%). Acute kidney injury incidence was minimal (4.2%).

Conclusions:

CIV is associated with rapid attainment of target concentrations in pediatric hematology/oncology patients and is safe and well tolerated.
Pulmonary Thrombotic Complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Chinese Children: Clinical Feature and Risk Factor Analysis
Authors: Yu Yanjuan , Jin Xiuhong , Zhang Xiangfeng , Shen Yuelin
Published: February 2024

Background:

Thrombotic disease is a rare but severe complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children, with pulmonary thrombosis (PT) being the most frequent type. This study aims to describe the clinical features of pediatric severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) patients with PT, and to identify risk factors predictive of PT development in this population.

Methods:

We retrospectively enrolled 60 children with SMPP complicated by PT who were admitted to Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to October 2023. We reviewed their demographic data, laboratory tests and imaging examinations to describe their clinical features. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify significant risk factors for PT in SMPP.

Results:

The PT group exhibited higher incidences of chest pain, hemoptysis, inflammation and elevated D-dimer levels, as well as more severe pulmonary damage and transaminitis complication, compared to the non-PT group. The left pulmonary artery was the predominant location of PT in SMPP children. A multivariate analysis revealed that C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer were significant predictors of PT in SMPP patients, with odds ratios of 1.10 and 3.37, respectively. The optimal cutoff values of CRP and D-dimer for predicting PT in SMPP were 76.73 mg/L and 3.98 µg/mL, respectively.

Conclusions:

In SMPP, CRP >76.73 mg/L and D-dimer >3.98 µg/mL are independent predictors of PT. These findings suggest that SMPP-induced excessive inflammation may contribute to PT pathogenesis. Early and intensive anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and antimycoplasma therapy may improve the disease course and prognosis.