bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АВТОМАТИЗОВАНЕ РОБОЧЕ МІСЦЕ ЛІКАРЯ ДЛ Я ЛІКУВАННЯ ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ХВОРОБОЮ ГОШЕ
Authors: Horovenko N. H. , Stetsyuk V. Z. , Savytskyi A. Yo. , Ivanova T. P. , Ostapova A. O.
Published: June 2015

The program was designed to account the registry of patients with Gaucher disease. During the investigation of object domain a medical documentation and work regime of centre were analyzed including medical forms and questionnaires, medical cards, the order of filling appointment of treatment, report forms.

The program provides the creation of automatized work place for interaction with patients with Gaucher disease on a personal computer of doctor. The purpose of development system is to perform a range of functions, which correspond to the full cycle of interaction doctor with patients.

General function: introduction and correction of data, analysis and preservation of the history of this treatment, filtration patient records, construction of schedules based on the results of blood tests and examinations which reflect the dynamics of the patient.

Special functions: calculation of required quantity of the medicine to the patient, tracing of human health standards depending on the age of the patient, the cost of the medicine.
КЕРУВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСОМ МАСАЖУ ПРИ КОРЕКЦІЇ ГОЛОВНОГО БОЛЮ ІЗ ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ БІОЛОГІЧНОГО ЗВОРОТНОГО ЗВ’ЯЗКУ
Authors: Liabakh M. A. , Horho Yu. P.
Published: June 2015

The article adduces the utilizing different physiological, biophysical, psychophysiological and medical methods to carry out the managing affecting man who is in head pains or mental dysfunctions. It takes a place to conduct the brake or excitant affecting man with the purpose of correction, optimization or activation of his intellection. The use of zonally-reflex massage of triggering areas of head is certain the very good method of correction of mental dysfunctions and head pains with the use of biofeedback. Thus, there are certain ways and principles of correcting influences at head pains and mental dysfunctions.
РОЗРОБКА КЛІНІЧНОЇ ДІАГНОСТИЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ, ЩО ҐРУНТУЄТЬСЯ НА ПРАВИЛАХ, ПОБУДОВАНИХ МЕТОДОМ ПОСЛІДОВНОГО ПОКРИТТЯ
Authors: Stakhanska O. O.
Published: June 2015

The work deals with the computational complexity of the rule induction algorithm based on sequential covering when developing clinical diagnostic systems. Established evaluation confirmed experimentally as a change in the amount of attributes, and the volume of training data sets.
ДІАГНОСТИКА ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ КРОВІ НА ОСНОВІ КЛАСТЕРНОГО АНАЛІЗУ ЗОБРАЖЕНЬ ГАЗОРОЗРЯДНОГО СВІТІННЯ
Authors: Hlukhova N. V. , Pisotska L. A.
Published: June 2015

The problems of diagnosis of diseases of blood and the risk of their development, the analysis of the shortcomings of existing methods. A new approach to the implementation of screening studies, which is based on image capture gasdischarge radiation smears or drops of blood in the electromagnetic field of high voltage on x-ray film. In order to improve the reliability of diagnostic decisions by eliminating subjective factors proposed automated computer processing of images glow blood-based histogram brightness of pixels and performing procedures fuzzy cluster analysis method «fuzzy c-means». Informed choice of methodology radiation imaging of biological objects yielded satisfactory results in the field of diagnostic screening for blood diseases, early definition of risk incurred. The practical value of the proposed diagnostic technique is confirmed by the results of experimental data using cluster analysis.
СТАТИСТИЧНИЙ ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ МІЖГРУПОВИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПОЄДНАННЯ ГЕНОТИПІВ
Authors: Stetsyuk V. Z. , Ivanova T. P. , Savitskyi A. Y. , Rossokha Z. I. , Ostapova A. O.
Published: June 2015

An important consequence of informatization of medical professionals is to decrease the number of diagnostic errors, large long-term calculations, to improve the accuracy of calculations.
The program was designed to make calculations and statistical analysis of the genotypes’ combination for the institution «Reference Centerfor Molecular Diagnostics of Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine».
The program provides the creation of desktop program complex for statistics calculations on a personal computer of doctor. Modern methods and tools for development of information systems were described to create program.
From Thrill to Defensive Motivation
Authors: Levin Jack , Reichelmann Ashley
Published: June 2015

In the aftermath of the September 11 attack on America, thrill-motivated hate crimes tended to decline as the rate of violent crime generally declined, but defensive hate crimes seemed to increase substantially. Just as individual factors were important in accounting for thrill-motivated hate attacks, so group factors became important for the purpose of explaining defensive hate crimes. The purpose of the present study was to apply group threat theorizing to explain increases in hate crimes against various groups since the 9/11 attack on America. In particular, we examined the prevalence of hate-motivated assaults against Muslims, Jews, gays, Blacks, and Latinos. Two separate data sources were employed: newspaper articles from LexisNexis and the Southern Poverty Law Center “hate incidents” spreadsheet. To control for changes in the level of hate crimes generally over time, we examined the percentage of hate-motivated assaults overall (in addition to their frequency of occurrence) that were directed at particular groups by the year in which they occurred. Our results indicated that hate-motivated assaults in the aftermath of 9/11 seemed to be driven to an increasing extent by a series of group threats in the wider society. Our results suggest that defensive assaults tend to peak when a particular group is regarded as representing a danger to the dominant group’s prestige, wealth, or power.
Do All Networks ‘Work’? The Mediating Role of Social Networks on Consumption Expenditure in India
Authors: Arun Shoba , Annim Samuel , Arun Thankom
Published: June 2015

The article sheds light on the mediating role of social networks on consumption behaviour, a significant facet of social mobility and well-being. Based on the Indian Human Development Survey, the article explores to what extent households across India participating in social networks have increased their consumption levels. While participation in formal social networks does result in improved household consumption levels, the type and number of networks are pivotal to this change. Nevertheless, not all networks lead to similar effects, although the number of social networks per se has a positive effect on consumption. Furthermore, the networks based on homogeneous groups, such as women’s self-help groups, have a negative or lesser effect on smoothing consumption, while those affiliated with heterogeneous networks have a positive effect on increasing consumption.
First-order random coefficient autoregressive (RCA(1)) model: Joint Whittle estimation and information
Authors: Shitan Mahendran , Thavaneswaran A. , Vazifedan Turaj
Published: June 2015

Random coefficient autoregressive model, RCA(p), has been discussed widely as a suitable model for nonlinear time series. The conditional least squares and likelihood parameter estimation of RCA(p) model has also been discussed in [3]. The statistical inference of RCA(1) model has been presented in [4] while the conditional least square estimates for nonstationary processes is studied in [7]. The optimal estimation for nonlinear time series using estimating equations has been investigated in [6]. Recently there has been interest in joint prediction based on spectral density of popular nonlinear time series models such as RCA(p) models. Another way of estimating the parameters of the RCA(1) model is to do Whittle's estimation. In this paper the Whittle estimates of the parameters of an RCA(p) model are studied. It is shown that the Whittle information of the autoregressive parameter in an RCA(p) model is larger than the corresponding information in an autoregressive (AR) model.
Testing equality of scale parameters of two Weibull distributions in the presence of unequal shape parameters
Authors: Alam Khurshid , Paul Sudhir
Published: June 2015

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The Characteristics of the Lexis in the Public Addresses of Some Prominent Figures in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Malenko Biljana
Published: June 2015

The language as a means of communication is used for various purposes. The best example for that is the public discourse. It was an incentive to analyse the lectures, speeches and public appearances of public figures from the contemporary aspect. It is about fifteen texts from: Metodija Andonov‑Cento, Panko Brashnarov, Blazhe Koneski, Stojan Andov, Nikola Kljusev, Kiro Gligorov, Branko Crvenkovski, Ljupco Georgievski, Boris Trajkovski, Luan Starova, Goran Stefanovski, Srgjan Kerim, Nikola Gruevski i Gjorgje Ivanov, published in the book First Anthology of the Greatest Speeches of All Times from the World and Macedonia. Although public speeches can be analysed from different aspects, we will focus on some aspects of stylistic expressiveness of the speeches. From lexical perspective, the emphasis is on the use of international lexis, which, as known, is of Latin or Greek origin and has entered the language mainly from the English language. The presence of this lexis is characteristic for other languages as well, which means that it is a reality without which the contemporary languages cannot function, so as the Macedonian. Still, there is a need for folklore words, dialects, archaisms, jargons and poetic function, maybe as an antithesis of the increased presence of the international lexis. The public speeches in this anthology are chosen as important, not only for their content with utter messages in the time of particular social happenings, but also for the manner of their representation. That is the reason why they stay in the collective memory of the Macedonian people.
Being Macedonian: Different Types of Ethnic Identifications in the Contemporary Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Kaytchev Naoum
Published: June 2015

The article reviews different forms of ethnic Macedonian (Macedonist) identities in the contemporary Republic of Macedonia. The classic model elaborated in the post‑war Yugoslavia – postulating that Macedonians are a separate Slav nationality forged in the medieval period and marked in its genesis by the influence of Sts. Cyril and Methodius and their pupils – after 2006 was substituted by a different paradigm making the nationality a thousand years older and deriving it from ancient Makedones and the state of Alexander the Great. The focus of the contribution is on a third little known variety of ethnic Macedonian identity that claims that the distinct Macedonian nation is a comparatively recent phenomenon forged in the years around the Second World War. Such views are spread among two wider groups: firstly, those of the elder Macedonians, contemporaries of 1940s that personally experienced the national transformation at the time, and, secondly, that of the younger educated citizens that respect the imperatives of reason and search for the rational resolution of different societal problems including the nation‑related ones. Since the current environment in the Republic of Macedonia strongly discourages the articulation of such viewpoints they have a semi‑dissident statute. Nevertheless, some prominent members of the intellectual elite have the courage to disclose their views, most consistent among them being Prof. Denko Maleski, former foreign minister and permanent representative to the UN and the son of the creator of the text of the Macedonian national anthem, as well as the journalist Branko Trichkovski. Both stem from the old left‑wing Yugoslav‑Macedonian elite. On the other hand, figures from the right‑wing political spectre, including the former prime minister Lyubcho Georgievski, though departing from a different starting point, are coming to similar conclusions on the recent naissance of the Macedonian nation. These identifications are in harmony with the dominating concepts in the European historiography affirmed and developed in the later decades by authors such as Hugh Poulton, Jan Rychlík and Ulf Brunbauer. The contribution limits its scope to the three different types of identifications within the Macedonist framework and does not study the Macedonian Slav identities that remain beyond its range – those of Macedonian Bulgarians and of Macedonian Serbs.
Approximating Macedonian Legislation to the EU’s Acquis
Authors: Kawka Inga
Published: June 2015

The Republic of Macedonia has to a large extent adapted its legislation to EU requirements. In the framework of the High Level Accession Dialogue, the country continues further activities in that regard in order to meet the political and economic criteria of EU accession. Apart from respecting the Copenhagen criteria, Macedonia’s goodneighbourly relations with all the EU Member States have proved an important factor, hence the necessary strengthening of its regional cooperationand bilateral relations with Greece and Bulgaria.
Clinical coaching for early clinical careers fellows: promoting compassionate care values
Authors: Barron Kim , Sloan Graham
Published: June 2015

As nursing develops to meet the changing needs and demands of the professional role, new challenges and opportunities arise. The need for innovative approaches to support nurses in meeting these challenges and seizing these opportunities has come into focus. NHS Education for Scotland has responded to this need and embraced the opportunity to support and develop nursing, through the Early Clinical Career Fellowship. This fellowship supports recently qualified nurses to develop their skills and leadership capabilities through masters-level study and increases the support structures around them. This article will discuss one experience of clinical coaching which was underpinned by compassion-based principles and will suggest further learning for nurses out with the fellowship or coaching role. The article will support the role of compassion as being not only central to direct patient care, but indispensible in creating positive relationships with our colleagues and effectively caring for ourselves.
Ciudad oscura, ciudad luminosa. Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1980-2000)
Authors: Díaz Rodríguez María del Carmen , Delgado Acosta Carmen Rosa , Calero Martín Carmen Gloria , García Herrera Luz Marina , Pérez Pérez Mario , Mejías Vera Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2015

En las dos últimas décadas, la ciudad de Santa Cruz de Tenerife experimenta una expansión de su espacio residencial caracterizada por el destacado papel de la iniciativa privada. La distribución de la actividad constructiva revela una clara divisoria entre la ciudad consolidada, donde predomina la promoción privada, y las periferias, que concentran la vivienda pública. Esta diferenciación residencial propicia nuevos procesos de segregación, reforzados por actuaciones del sector público realizadas al margen del principio de equidad social.
El consumo en el pensamiento ilustrado español
Authors: Feo Parrondo Francisco
Published: June 2015

Se analizan las valoraciones que algunos de los principales ilustrados españoles (Feijoo, Jovellanos, Campomanes, Floridablanca, Cadalso, Arriquizar, Florez Estrada y Canga Argüelles) hicieron sobre el consumo desde tres perspectivas complementarias: social, económica y geográfica.
Empleo y nuevas tareas rurales para el desarrollo local
Authors: Márquez Domínguez Juan Antonio
Published: June 2015

Desde que la producción agraria necesitó menos fuerza de trabajo, numerosos agricultores, en situación de desempleo, abandonaron los campos, con tal intensidad que, la debilidad demográfica y el envejecimiento del ámbito rural, definieron un espacio marginal y asistido. Hoy, por suerte, los problemas ecológicos y la crisis del sistema urbano han añadido nuevas tareas al mundo rural que pueden estabilizar y/o crear empleo. Pero, las recetas de planificación y desarrollo atraviesan una profunda crisis, que ha conducido al desarrollo local. Este emerge, desde dentro hacia fuera, como la posibilidad de crear nuevos escenarios de desarrollo que integren lo rural en lo global.
El pantano de Relleu y el riego de la huerta de Villajoyosa (1653-1879)
Authors: Giménez Font Pablo
Published: June 2015

El presente trabajo trata de analizar los orígenes del proyecto y construcción de la presa de Relleu y su repercusión en los cambios espaciales de la huerta de Villajoyosa. Seguidora del modélico pantano de Tibi, el de Relleu introdujo una serie de mejoras técnicas destacables y su edificación —de iniciativa local con el beneplácito real— se acompañó de una fuerte polémica entre la población constructora y la vecina villa de Relleu, en cuyo término se levantó la pared. Se mencionan finalmente los intentos por evitar los problemas de colmatación, que terminarán por inutilizarla en la primera mitad del siglo XX.
Assessing quality in software development: An agile methodology approach
Authors: RodrÃ­guez-HernÃ¡ndez V. , Espino-GudiÃ±o M.C. , GonzÃ¡lez-PÃ©rez J.L. , GudiÃ±o-BazaldÃºa J. , Castano Victor
Published: June 2015

A novel methodology, result of 10 years of in-field testing, which makes possible the convergence of different types of models and quality standards for Engineering and Computer Science Faculties, is presented. Since most software-developing companies are small and medium sized, the projects developed must focuson SCRUM and Extreme Programming (XP), opposed to a RUP, which is quite heavy, as well as on Personal Software Process (PSP) and Team Software Process (TSP), which provide students with competences and a structured framework. ISO 90003:2004 norm is employed to define the processes by means of a quality system without new requirements or changing the existing ones. Also, the model is based on ISO/IEC 25000 (ISO (IEC 9126 â€“ ISO/IEC 14598)) to allow comparing software built by different metrics.
Interfaces of Molecular Recognition Sites and Biosensors; Novel Bio-Sensing Materials
Authors: Choi Kyung M.
Published: June 2015

We introduce a sensing element, “Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP),” which created by “Molecular Imprinted Technique.” However, the sensitivity of MIP’s based bio-sensors limits for practical applications due to the low sensitivity. To achieve a high sensitivity of MIP’s based sensors, the synthesis of “high affinity receptor or binding sites,” such as “monoclonal particles” is a key objective. In previous studies, affinity distribution plots indicated that “high affinity binding sites” were obtained when the number of binding sites per particle decreased. It means that smaller particles are expected to have higher affinity binding sites compared to larger particles. The result motivated us to produce small-sized MIP’s particles for the achievement of higher sensitivity. Microfluidic Synthesis has taken a great attention to synthesize small particles. However, the microfluidic synthesis gave us a difficulty, especially collections of MIP’s particles from the surface of PDMS-based microchannels due to a sticking problem. Thus, we employed a new approach, which can collect MIP’s particles without any sticking problem from the surface of the reactor. It is a photopatterned MIP’s system generated on the glass surface. We prepared a photomask with micro-sized patterns and then fabricate MIP’s particles on a glass surface by photopolymerization. Uniform MIP’s patterns were printed on the glass surface. The interface between the glass surface and the MIP’s pattern was observed by SEM. Micro-sized MIP’s particles were collected from the glass surface by scratching off the photocured MIP’s patterns.
Diazotrophic Endophytes of Poplar and Willow for Growth Promotion of Rice Plants in Nitrogen‐Limited Conditions
Authors: Kandel S. L. , Herschberger N. , Kim S.H. , Doty S. L.
Published: June 2015

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple food crops. Its cultivation requires a relatively high input of N fertilizers; however, rice plants do not absorb a significant proportion of added fertilizers, resulting in soil and water pollution. The use of diazotrophic (N‐fixing) endophytes can provide benefits for rice cultivation by reducing the demand of N fertilizers. Diazotrophic endophytes from the early successional plant species poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray) and willow (Salix sitchensis C. A. Sanson ex Bong.) were added to rice seedlings. Inoculated rice plants were grown in N‐limited conditions in the greenhouse, and plant physical characteristics were assessed. Endophyte‐inoculated rice plants had greater biomass, higher tiller numbers, and taller plant stature than mock‐inoculated controls. Endophyte populations were quantified and visualized in planta within rice plants using fluorescent microscopy. The endophytes colonized rice plants effectively in both roots and foliage. These results demonstrated that diazotrophic endophytes of the eudicots poplar and willow can colonize rice plants and enhance plant growth in N‐limited conditions.
Study on the Technology of Leakage Protection
Authors: Zixing Shen , Quntai Shen , Sheng Li , Xuelin Liu
Published: June 2015

Failure leakage of equipment or electric shock may make the residual current amplitude decrease, which
causes effective protection of the fault and the existence of dead zone of operation. This paper presents the principle of residual
current leakage protection based on vector, using residual current amplitude and residual current variation of fault
leakage protection, the realization of mutation leakage, continuous slow change leakage detection and recognition, triangle
formulas residual current variation calculation method, orthogonal decomposition calculation method and three-phase
equivalent calculation method. Through the analysis of the residual current vector variation, we put forward the corresponding
method of delayed electrical leakage protection. According to the residual current amplitude, mutation leakage,
slowly varying leakage, electric leakage comprehensive protection, we can reduce the leakage protection action area; improve
the reliability of power system.
Establishing a surgical skills laboratory and dissection curriculum for neurosurgical residency training
Authors: Liu James K. C. , Kshettry Varun R. , Recinos Pablo F. , Kamian Kambiz , Schlenk Richard P. , Benzel Edward C.
Published: June 2015

Surgical education has been forced to evolve from the principles of its initial inception, in part due to external pressures brought about through changes in modern health care. Despite these pressures that can limit the surgical training experience, training programs are being held to higher standards of education to demonstrate and document trainee competency through core competencies and milestones. One of the methods used to augment the surgical training experience and to demonstrate trainee proficiency in technical skills is through a surgical skills laboratory. The authors have established a surgical skills laboratory by acquiring equipment and funding from nondepartmental resources, through institutional and private educational grants, along with product donations from industry. A separate educational curriculum for junior- and senior-level residents was devised and incorporated into the neurosurgical residency curriculum. The initial dissection curriculum focused on cranial approaches, with spine and peripheral nerve approaches added in subsequent years. The dissections were scheduled to maximize the use of cadaveric specimens, experimenting with techniques to best preserve the tissue for repeated uses. A survey of residents who participated in at least 1 year of the curriculum indicated that participation in the surgical skills laboratory translated into improved understanding of anatomical relationships and the development of technical skills that can be applied in the operating room. In addition to supplementing the technical training of surgical residents, a surgical skills laboratory with a dissection curriculum may be able to help provide uniformity of education across different neurosurgical training programs, as well as provide a tool to assess the progression of skills in surgical trainees.
Comparison of Greenstone Digital Library and DSpace: Experiences from Digital Library Initiatives at Eastern University, Sri Lanka
Authors: Ravikumar M.N. , Ramanan T.
Published: June 2015

On the decline of budgetary allocation for libraries, information is being made available to wider audience through alternative means, such as digital libraries and online repositories. Increasing demand for certain print materials urge libraries to exploit open-source alternatives, which are highly advantageous for libraries with scarce financial resources and voracious demand from their users. An interview survey results justified the establishment of digital library service as both students and academics, amongst other issues, recorded their inability to spare time for accessing certain print collections. In this regard, like other libraries in the country, the Library of Eastern University, Sri Lanka has initiated digital library initiatives using freely available software. Amongst a number of open-source software (OSS) available to create and manage digital library collections, Greenstone and DSpace are being experimented for developing two different types of repositories. However, these two software have slight merits and demerits over one another. This paper scrutinizes those features corresponding to the needs of and challenges faced by the Library of Eastern University, Sri Lanka (EUSL), which is in its initial stage of launching digitized collections representing both its academic works and local publications. The demand for unpublished works of students and past examinations papers is always high, hence, the Library is has started digitizing materials in demand and rare to find. This comparative analysis is solely based on experiences gained by the Library of Eastern University, Sri Lanka.Journal of the University Librarians Association of Sri Lanka, Vol. 18, Issue 2, June 2014, Page 76-90
Ticks on small mammals at two localities in southern Saskatchewan, Canada and the detection ofRickettsia peacockii(Rickettsiaceae) inDermacentor andersoni(Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs
Authors: Dergousoff Shaun J. , Chilton Neil B.
Published: June 2015

SeventeenMyodes gapperi(Vigors) (Rodentia: Cricetidae), 13Peromyscus maniculatus(Wagner) (Rodentia: Cricetidae), 12Microtus pennsylvanicus(Ord) (Rodentia: Cricetidae), fourZapus princepsAllen (Rodentia: Cricetidae), threeIctidomys tridecemlineatus(Mitchill) (Rodentia: Sciuridae), and eight shrews (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) collected at Blackstrap Lake (BL), and 48P. maniculatus, 15Z. princeps,15M. pennsylvanicus, and oneSorex monticolusMerriam (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) collected at Saskatchewan Landing Provincial Park (SLPP), in southern Saskatchewan, Canada were examined for ticks. Although no adult ticks were detected on small mammals at either locality,Dermacentor variabilis(Say) (Acari: Ixodidae) larvae (n=144) and nymphs (n=7) were found on four species of small mammal at BL. At SLPP, bothD. variabilislarvae (n=71) and nymphs (n=6), andDermacentor andersoniStiles (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs (n=9) were collected from small mammals. Both tick species were present onP. maniculatusandM. pennsylvanicusat SLPP, indicating an overlap in their host range and, hence, the potential for transmission of microorganisms between tick species at sites where they coexist. However, the results of polymerase chain reaction assays used to detect bacteria of the genusRickettsiada Rocha-Lima (Rickettsiaceae) in ticks, revealed thatR. peacockiiNiebylskiet al. only occurred in nymphs ofD. andersoni, whereas noRickettsiawere present in the larvae and nymphs ofD. variabilis.
Naming and nurturing reality from a heart renewed by grace
Authors: De Wet Fritz W.
Published: June 2015

This contribution investigates the unbearable tension between the homiletical act of naming reality (with the promise of exposing, challenging and/or triggering creative forces in it) on the one hand, and neglecting this same reality on the other hand, thereby causing it to return to an ignored, unchallenged and degenerated state. The author focuses on tension fields that are generated when preachers embark on the activity of naming realities in their proximate contexts and how they position, withdraw or distance themselves in a certain way when problematic elements (for instance the glaring and seemingly unbridgeable inequality in the situation of Dalits) are opened up by the act of naming. By means of a theological reflection on the renewal of the heart by God’s act of grace in Christ, the author attempts to identify key markers for a homiletic theory that will be able to link the act of naming reality with the act of nurturing (rather than neglecting) this named reality.
Equation of state for solar near-surface convection
Authors: Vitas N. , Khomenko E.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Numerical 3-D radiative hydrodynamical simulations are the main tool for the analysis of the interface between the solar convection zone and the photosphere. The equation of state is one of the necessary ingredients of these simulations. We compare two equations of state that are commonly used, one ideal and one nonideal, and quantify their differences. Using a numerical code we explore how these differences propagate with time in a 2-D convection simulation. We show that the runs with different equations of state (EOSs) and everything else identical relax to statistically steady states in which the mean temperature (in the range of the continuum optical depths typical for the solar photosphere) differs by less than 0.2%. For most applications this difference may be considered insignificant.
Sandalwood and Carrion: Smell in Indian Religion and Culture. By James McHugh
Authors: Bailey Greg
Published: June 2015

Sandalwood and Carrion: Smell in Indian Religion and Culture. By James McHugh. New York:

Oxford University Press, 2012. Pp. xxii + 322. $35.
Photographs of the American Palestine Exploration Society. By Rachel Hallote, Felicity Cobbing, and Jeffrey B. Spurr
Authors: Long Burke O.
Published: June 2015

The Photographs of the American Palestine Exploration Society. By Rachel Hallote, Felicity Cobbing, and Jeffrey B. Spurr. The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, vol. 66. Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research, 2012. Pp. xix + 352, illus. $89.95. [Distributed by ISD, Bristol, Conn.]
ATP Release and P2Y Receptor Signaling are Essential for Keratinocyte Galvanotaxis
Authors: Riding Aimie , Pullar Christine E.
Published: June 2015

Repair to damaged tissue requires directional cell migration to heal the wound. Immediately upon wounding an electrical guidance cue is created with the cathode of the electric field (EF) located at the center of the wound. Previous research has demonstrated directional migration of keratinocytes toward the cathode when an EF of physiological strength (100–150 mV/mm) is applied in vitro, but the “sensor” by which keratinocytes sense the EF remains elusive. Here we use a customized chamber design to facilitate the application of a direct current (DC) EF of physiological strength (100 mV/mm) to keratinocytes whilst pharmacologically modulating the activation of both connexin hemichannels and purinergic receptors to determine their role in EF‐mediated directional keratinocyte migration, galvanotaxis. In addition, keratinocytes were exposed to DiSCAC2(3) dye to visualize membrane potential changes within the cell upon exposure to the applied DC EF. Here we unveil ATP‐medicated mechanisms that underpin the initiation of keratinocyte galvanotaxis. The application of a DC EF of 100 mV/mm releases ATP via hemichannels activating a subset of purinergic P2Y receptors, locally, to initiate the directional migration of keratinocytes toward the cathode in vitro, the center of the wound in vivo. The delineation of the mechanisms underpinning galvanotaxis extends our understanding of this endogenous cue and will facilitate the optimization and wider use of EF devices for chronic wound treatment. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 181–191, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minocycline‐induced hyperpigmentation of tympanic membrane, sclera, teeth, and pinna
Authors: Reese Stephen , Grundfast Kenneth
Published: June 2015

A 40‐year‐old woman was referred by her primary care physician for evaluation after a routine physical exam revealed bilateral brownish pigmentation of the tympanic membrane. Head and neck examination in the otolaryngology clinic revealed bluish hue of both sclera, teeth, and portions of her pinnae. A hearing test revealed bilateral mild sensorineural hearing loss. The patient had a history of taking minocycline for 14 years, and the hyperpigmentation that she had is known to be a rare complication of prolonged minocycline use. However, to our knowledge, this is the first case showing photographic evidence of minocycline‐induced tympanic membrane hyperpigmentation. Minocycline‐induced hyperpigmentation should be considered when a patient presents with brown or blue discoloration of the tympanic membrane. Laryngoscope, 125:2601–2603, 2015
Complex Stellar System ESO65SC03: Open Cluster or Remnant?
Authors: Joshi Gireesh C. , Joshi Y. C. , Joshi S. , Chowdhury S. , Tyagi R. K.
Published: June 2015

We present a complete spatial and dynamical study of the poorly populated stellar system ESO65SC03. The radial distribution of the system gives a core and cluster radii of 1.10±0.63 and 5.36±0.24 arcmin, respectively. The SNDP does not show any clear enhancement of the surface stellar number density between the stars of the system and the field regions. We derive the optimum isochrone solution for a particular grid size in the CMD using the statistical cleaning procedure. Using the statistically cleaned CMDs, we find the distance modulus, (m − M)0, and reddening, E(B − V), of the system to be 11.8±0.2 and 0.45 mag, respectively. The mean proper motion of this system is − 5.37±0.81 mas yr−1 and 0.31±0.40 in RA and DEC directions, respectively. The mean proper motion of this system is found to be almost similar to the field region. The mass function for the brighter stars is found to be too high for the system to be an open cluster. These combined results place constraints on whether stellar system ESO65SC03 is a POCR or an Asterism. Our understanding is that the ESO65SC03 is in a stage of POCR by losing their main-sequence stars in the dynamic evolution processes.
The effects of spatial variability of nitrous oxide emissions from grazed pastures on the sampling distribution of chamber measurements
Authors: GILTRAP D. L. , GODFREY A. J. R.
Published: June 2015

Chamber sampling is a common method for measuring nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural soils. However, for grazed pastures, the patchy nature of urine deposition results in very high levels of spatial variability in N2O emissions. In the present study, the behaviour of the sample mean was examined by simulating a large number (9999) of random N2O chamber samples under different assumptions regarding the underlying N2O distribution. Using sample sizes of up to 100 chambers, the Central Limit Theorem did not apply. The distribution of the sample mean was always right-skewed with a standard deviation varying between 12·5 and 135% of the true mean. However, the arithmetic mean was an unbiased estimator and the mean of the sample mean distribution was close to the true mean of the simulated N2O distribution. The properties of the sample mean distribution (variance, skewness) were affected significantly by the assumed distribution of the emission factor, but not by distribution of the urine patch concentration. The geometric mean was also investigated as a potential alternative estimator. However, although its distribution had lower variance, it was also biased. Two methods for bias correcting the mean were investigated. These methods reduced the bias, but at the cost of increasing the variance. Neither of the bias-corrected estimators were consistently better than the arithmetic mean in terms of skewness and variance. To improve the estimation of N2O emissions from a grazed pasture using chambers, techniques need to be developed to identify urine patch and non-urine patch areas before sampling.
Exxon at Grand Bois, Louisiana: A Three-Level Analysis of Management Decision Making and Corporate Conduct
Authors: Brooke Hamilton III J. , Berken Eric J.
Published: June 2015

In the early 1990s, managers at Exxon decided to seek lower cost disposal in Louisiana for oil-field wastes declared hazardous in Alabama. This decision resulted in injuries to the residents of Grand Bois, Louisiana; the disposal company; Exxon; and the oil industry in the state. Given the need for business and society to manage business operations for mutual benefit, it is essential to understand why businesses injure the public so that similar incidents do not happen again. The authors use three analytical perspectives to suggest how corporations may make unethical decisions without purposefully setting out to do so: their managers may fail to understand changing social expectations for corporate behavior; they may adopt organizational structures, policies, and procedures that block ethical action in the name of efficiency; and they may follow unwritten rules of behavior for career success that exclude ethics. These perspectives suggest that individual Exxon managers may not have been making greed-based decisions, weighing corporate gains against harms to others. The situation more likely involved a failure, for the reasons discussed, to raise ethics questions in making business decisions. This explanation does not make much difference to those injured nor does it absolve those who made the decisions. It does make a difference to society and to companies seeking to understand factors that have to be overcome in any large corporation that wishes to prevent such events from occurring.
Indirect Measurement of Motivation
Authors: Kraus Alexandra A. , Scholderer Joachim
Published: June 2015

For the indirect measurement of approach-avoidance tendencies, two procedures are introduced and compared. The procedures are modifications of the standard IAT and the Recoding-Free IAT (IAT-RF) and use a motivational attribute dimension (approach, avoidance) instead of an evaluative one. Study 1 (N = 162) assesses their convergent and discriminant validity with respect to self-reported measures of motivation and evaluation, and their predictive validity with respect to actual behavior. Study 2 (N = 205) furthermore compares their validity to evaluative variants of the same test paradigms. Overall, both procedures perform similarly. In Study 2, procedures based on the IAT-RF are superior, and the motivational IAT-RF shows the highest predictive validity. Unfortunately, no evidence for incremental validity over explicit measures alone is found for any of the implicit measures. Furthermore, procedures based on the IAT-RF appear to be less reliable than procedures based on the standard IAT. A possible explanation is offered.
Pharmacogenomic and clinical data link non-pharmacokinetic metabolic dysregulation to drug side effect pathogenesis
Authors: Zielinski Daniel C. , Filipp Fabian V. , Bordbar Aarash , Jensen Kasper , Smith Jeffrey W. , Herrgard Markus J. , Mo Monica L. , Palsson Bernhard O.
Published: June 2015

Drug side effects cause a significant clinical and economic burden. However, mechanisms of drug action underlying side effect pathogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we integrate pharmacogenomic and clinical data with a human metabolic network and find that non-pharmacokinetic metabolic pathways dysregulated by drugs are linked to the development of side effects. We show such dysregulated metabolic pathways contain genes with sequence variants affecting side effect incidence, play established roles in pathophysiology, have significantly altered activity in corresponding diseases, are susceptible to metabolic inhibitors and are effective targets for therapeutic nutrient supplementation. Our results indicate that metabolic dysregulation represents a common mechanism underlying side effect pathogenesis that is distinct from the role of metabolism in drug clearance. We suggest that elucidating the relationships between the cellular response to drugs, genetic variation of patients and cell metabolism may help managing side effects by personalizing drug prescriptions and nutritional intervention strategies.
Fibres and cellular structures preserved in 75-million–year-old dinosaur specimens
Authors: Bertazzo Sergio , Maidment Susannah C. R. , Kallepitis Charalambos , Fearn Sarah , Stevens Molly M. , Xie Hai-nan
Published: June 2015

Exceptionally preserved organic remains are known throughout the vertebrate fossil record, and recently, evidence has emerged that such soft tissue might contain original components. We examined samples from eight Cretaceous dinosaur bones using nano-analytical techniques; the bones are not exceptionally preserved and show no external indication of soft tissue. In one sample, we observe structures consistent with endogenous collagen fibre remains displaying ∼67 nm banding, indicating the possible preservation of the original quaternary structure. Using ToF-SIMS, we identify amino-acid fragments typical of collagen fibrils. Furthermore, we observe structures consistent with putative erythrocyte remains that exhibit mass spectra similar to emu whole blood. Using advanced material characterization approaches, we find that these putative biological structures can be well preserved over geological timescales, and their preservation is more common than previously thought. The preservation of protein over geological timescales offers the opportunity to investigate relationships, physiology and behaviour of long extinct animals.
Macroscopic quantum tunnelling in spin filter ferromagnetic Josephson junctions
Authors: Massarotti D. , Pal A. , Rotoli G. , Longobardi L. , Blamire M. G. , Tafuri F.
Published: June 2015

The interfacial coupling of two materials with different ordered phases, such as a superconductor (S) and a ferromagnet (F), is driving new fundamental physics and innovative applications. For example, the creation of spin-filter Josephson junctions and the demonstration of triplet supercurrents have suggested the potential of a dissipationless version of spintronics based on unconventional superconductivity. Here we demonstrate evidence for active quantum applications of S-F-S junctions, through the observation of macroscopic quantum tunnelling in Josephson junctions with GdN ferromagnetic insulator barriers. We show a clear transition from thermal to quantum regime at a crossover temperature of about 100 mK at zero magnetic field in junctions, which present clear signatures of unconventional superconductivity. Following previous demonstration of passive S-F-S phase shifters in a phase qubit, our result paves the way to the active use of spin filter Josephson systems in quantum hybrid circuits.
A novel cysteine desulfurase influencing organosulfur compounds in Lentinula edodes
Authors: Liu Ying , Lei Xiao-Yu , Chen Lian-Fu , Bian Yin-Bing , Yang Hong , Ibrahim Salam A. , Huang Wen
Published: June 2015

Organosulfur compounds are the basis for the unique aroma ofLentinula edodesand cysteine sulfoxide lyase (C-S lyase) is the key enzyme in this trait. The enzyme fromAlliium sativumhas been crystallized and well-characterized; however, there have been no reports of the characterization of fungi C-S lyase at the molecular level. We identified aL. edodesC-S lyase (Lecsl), cloned a gene ofCslencoded Lecsl and then combined modeling, simulations and experiments to understand the molecular basis of the function of Lecsl. Our analysis revealed Lecsl to be a novel cysteine desulfurase and not a type of cysteine sulfoxide lyase. The pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) molecule bonded tightly to Lecsl to form a Lecsl-PLP complex. Moreover, the Lecsl had one active center that served to bind two kinds of substrates, S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide and L-cysteine and had both cysteine sulfoxide lyase and cysteine desulfurase activity. We found that the amino acid residue Asn393 was essential for the catalytic activity of Lecsl and that the geneCslencoded a novel cysteine desulfurase to influence organosulfur compounds inL. edodes. Our results provide a new insight into understanding the formation of the unique aroma ofL. edodes.
The aftereffect of perceived duration is contingent on auditory frequency but not visual orientation
Authors: Li Baolin , Yuan Xiangyong , Huang Xiting
Published: June 2015

Recent sensory history plays a critical role in duration perception. It has been established that after adapting to a particular duration, the test durations within a certain range appear to be distorted. To explore whether the aftereffect of perceived duration can be constrained by sensory modality and stimulus feature within a modality, the current study applied the technique of simultaneous sensory adaptation, by which observers were able to simultaneously adapt to two durations defined by two different stimuli. Using both simple visual and auditory stimuli, we found that the aftereffect of perceived duration is modality specific and contingent on auditory frequency but not visual orientation of the stimulus. These results demonstrate that there are independent timers responsible for the aftereffects of perceived duration in each sensory modality. Furthermore, the timer for the auditory modality may be located at a relatively earlier stage of sensory processing than the timer for the visual modality.
Matching the organic and inorganic counterparts during nucleation and growth of copper-based nanoparticles – in situ spectroscopic studies
Authors: Staniuk Malwina , Zindel Daniel , van Beek Wouter , Hirsch Ofer , Kränzlin Niklaus , Niederberger Markus , Koziej Dorota
Published: June 2015

Closing the loop: initially, the reactivity of benzyl alcohol determines the nucleation of Cu nanoparticles, but as soon as they start to form they begin to catalyze the condensation of benzyl alcohol to dibenzylether.
Bond and small-molecule activation with low-valent nickel complexes
Authors: Garduño Jorge A. , Arévalo Alma , García Juventino J.
Published: June 2015

The use of nickel compounds in low oxidation states allowed a variety of useful transformations of interest for academia, industry and in the solution of environmental issues.
Porous Fe3O4 hollow spheres with chlorine-doped-carbon coating as superior anode materials for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Geng Hongbo , Li Shuangshuang , Pan Yue , Yang Yonggang , Zheng Junwei , Gu Hongwei
Published: June 2015

The PH-Fe3O4@C/Cl spheres were successfully fabricated through a novel and controllable route, which could deliver superior lithium storage performance in terms of high reversible capacity, stable cycling and rate performances.
Well-defined aqueous nanoassemblies from amphiphilic meta-terphenyls and their guest incorporation
Authors: Okazawa Yusuke , Kondo Kei , Akita Munetaka , Yoshizawa Michito
Published: June 2015

Spherical molecular assemblies with diameters of ∼2 nm were quantitatively formed in water from new amphiphilic meta-terphenyls and the nanoassembly with methyl groups provides superior host capability for fluorescent dyes.
A dual-mode rechargeable lithium–bromine/oxygen fuel cell
Authors: Bai Peng , Viswanathan Venkatasubramanian , Bazant Martin Z.
Published: June 2015

A lithium–bromine/oxygen fuel cell was fabricated to provide high specific energy at either high-power or low-power mode by changing catholytes.
Biodegradable dextran vesicles for effective haemoglobin encapsulation
Authors: Wang Weiqi , Liu Shi , Huang Yubin , Jing Xiabin , Xie Zhigang
Published: June 2015

Biocompatible and biodegradable dextran–PLA copolymer self-assembled into polymeric vesicles, which could encapsulate the hemoglobin. The encapsulated hemoglobin retained biological activity and could be potentially used as blood substitute.