bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Against Fortifications: The Defense of Renaissance Bologna
Authors: Tuttle Richard J.
Published: April 2006

A comprehensive history of Renaissance military architecture cannot depend solely upon the evidence of built works and theoretical models. The revolution in gunpowder warfare that rendered medieval city walls obsolete around 1500 affected virtually all towns and cities, including those which failed or refused to construct fortifications in the modern manner. Bologna offers a good case in point: although large, wealthy, and strategically located within the Papal State, it consistently and successfully opposed new fortifications throughout the tumultuous 16th century. Drawing upon unstudied visual and written sources, this essay profiles the Bolognese anti-fortification tradition. On three notable occasions Bologna rejected advanced built defenses. Early in the cinquecento the city endured and then demolished a great citadel erected by Julius II; in the 1520s, when Bologna was menaced by the army of Charles V, it was able to avert attack without recourse to the kind of bastioned enceinte envisioned for it by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger; and during the 1560s the city's magistrates successfully frustrated refortification by diplomatic means. On each occasion political and economic considerations triumphed over the putative advantages of modern military architecture.
The Romanesque Elevations of Tewkesbury and Pershore
Authors: Thurlby Malcolm
Published: April 2006

The later medieval remodeling of the stylistically related abbey churches of Tewkesbury and Pershore has presented the architectural historian with the problem of ascertaining the nature of the original Romanesque design. One school of thought favors a four-story elevation for choir and transepts which would have entailed a wood roof; the other, while not agreeing on the number of stories, suggests the reconstruction of high barrel vaults. Detailed analysis of both fabrics in the context of West Country architecture after the Conquest and select French Romanesque structures will demonstrate the original existence of a three-story scheme with barrel vaults over the main spans.
Sanmicheli's "Tornacoro" in Verona Cathedral: A New Drawing and Problems of Interpretation
Authors: Moore Derek
Published: April 2006

Two of the least understood aspects of the work of Michele Sanmicheli (c. 1484-1559) are his drawing style and his religious architecture. The discovery of a drawing for the presbytery enclosure, or tornacoro, of Verona Cathedral-a work thought to have been designed by Sanmicheli in 1534-provides an occasion to address both of these issues. The principal aim of this study is to weigh the possibility that the new sheet is a presentation drawing by Sanmicheli for the screen in Verona Cathedral. As such it would shed needed light on Sanmicheli's drawing style. The drawing also has implications for the planning and construction of the tornacoro. It presents a different, even superior, version, suggesting that the scheme was altered between initial design and final execution. The column screen was not an isolated commission, but an essential component of Bishop Gian Matteo Giberti's precocious and influential renovation of the Cathedral presbytery and choir in the spirit of the early Catholic Reform. This study comments on the function of the actual enclosure in the renovated Cathedral presbytery and discusses the sources of its unusual form.
St. Mary's (1820-1830), Halifax: An Early Example of the Use of Gothic Revival Forms in Canada
Authors: McAleer J. Philip
Published: April 2006

Early Gothic Revival architecture in Canada, particularly from the period prior to the 1840s, when the influence of A. W. N. Pugin and the Ecclesiologists began to be felt, has been little studied. This paper reconstructs a lost monument-St. Mary's, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, as erected 1820-1830-which may have been the first ambitious essay in the Gothic Revival style, especially as it apparently precedes by a few years the single and most famous monument of this time, the parish church of Notre-Dame in Montréal, itself often considered the starting point of the style in Canada. Although the exterior of St. Mary's was modest-essentially it was an exemplar of the rectangular box with "west" tower, definitively formulated by James Gibbs, and ubiquitous since the 1720s-with Gothic detailing replacing Baroque, the interior, known only from one watercolor and partly surviving today, is of greater interest. Divided into nave and aisles by piers of clustered shafts, the piers' form, plus plaster vaults and pointed arches, helped create an aura reminiscent of the Gothic period. The interior was dominated by the design of the sanctuary (now destroyed), where an unusual congregation of architectural forms suggests both the appearance of illusionistic architecture, with a possible connection to New York, and a further transformation of Baroque forms into their Gothic equivalents, with a possible connection to Québec City. Tenuous, circumstantial evidence will be provided to substantiate the plausibility of such sources. This paper also attempts to place St. Mary's in the context of the Gothic Revival in North America c. 1820-1830. As a result, it will be seen that its exterior, although without precedents in Canada, is typical of Gothic Revival churches of the period in the United States. By contrast, the interior design, especially of the sanctuary, suggests it was one of the more imaginative creations in either context. It therefore emerges as a more significant monument in the history of Canadian and North American architecture than heretofore suspected.
The "Early Vaults" of Saint-Etienne at Beauvais
Authors: McGee J. David
Published: April 2006

The church of Saint-Etienne (Saint-Vaast) in Beauvais was much discussed in the early literature on medieval architecture, particularly in regard to the vaults over the initial bays of the nave aisles. The vaults have long been considered among the earliest rib vaults in northern France, although their exact date had never been determined. The challenge to date these vaults precisely became critical in the late 1950s when local excavations under the present Late Gothic choir uncovered evidence that the original choir may have been rib-vaulted as well. This paper analyzes these unpublished excavations and their implications for the extant vaults of the nave aisles; it also provides a credible dating for the choir and these vaults. In the absence of constructional documents, the dating of Saint-Etienne must depend on stylistic comparisons correlated with the dates of major historical incidents in Beauvais that would have influenced the construction of the church. All of these factors taken together seem to indicate strongly the existence of a fully rib-vaulted choir at Saint-Etienne and of a unified campaign of construction encompassing this choir, the transept, and the initial bays of the nave aisles. Most significantly, a date as early as the 1070s is suggested for the vaults of the choir, thus making them the earliest known rib vaults in medieval architecture and forcing a re-examination of the structural aspect of medieval style in the 11th century.
A View of Poggioreale by Viviano Codazzi and Domenico Gargiulo
Authors: Marshall David
Published: April 2006

This study attempts to establish the extent to which a painting by Viviano Codazzi and Domenico Gargiulo of the villa Poggioreale as an architectural capriccio can be used as a record of the appearance of the villa in the mid-17th century. By correlating the painting with the plan of the villa in the Carafa map and the Baratta view, a new reconstruction of the layout of the villa garden is proposed.
Fontainebleau, the Luxembourg, and the French Domed Entry Pavilion
Authors: Whitman Nathan T.
Published: April 2006

In this paper I trace the emergence, development, and demise of a hitherto largely ignored but peculiarly French architectural type, the domed entry pavilion. The essential features of the Porte Dauphine at Fontainebleau are traced to the elder du Cerceau's projects for portals at Verneuil I and Charleval combined with suggestions drawn from temporary structures erected for royal entries, particularly that of Henry IV into Rouen. I then propose that the formal logic of the Porte Dauphine compels one to interpret it as an architectural proclamation of Henry's emerging claim to royal absolutism, an assertion backed contextually by a close scrutiny of the sociopolitical situation at the time of its inception and erection. This new monarchic image of power finds its aesthetic maturity in the better-known domed entry pavilion of the Luxembourg Palace. This pavilion in turn is a fusion of the Porte Dauphine with alternative formal possibilities found at Verneuil II and Montceaux, the latter already an important seat of the Luxembourg's patron and Henry's consort, Marie de'Medici. In a possible challenge-and-response series, the duchess of Longueville's château of Coulommiers, its domed entry based on the Valois mausoleum, had immediately preceded the Luxembourg. Coulommiers in turn proved a foil for the immense country seat of Richelieu, itself a foil for the project for Blois promoted by Marie's younger son. Thirty years later the architect of Blois, François Mansart, sought to revive the motif of the domed entry with all of its layers of significance in his masterful designs for the east façade of the Louvre. Formally and politically such a revival was not possible in the age of Louis XIV.
Louis Sullivan's Building for John D. Van Allen and Son
Authors: Siry Joseph
Published: April 2006

Long regarded as an anomaly among his later works, Louis Sullivan's retail dry goods store for John D. Van Allen and Son of 1913-1915 in Clinton, Iowa, is one of his best documented buildings in surviving drawings and correspondence. Though related to his earlier Schlesinger and Mayer Store in Chicago, the Van Allen Building was Sullivan's only design for a regional adaptation of a metropolitan department store for a smaller city. Often criticized for the ornamental vertical mullions on its main elevation, the Van Allen store's exterior was carefully conceived with respect to its interior plan and its method of construction. Analysis of the design's development reveals that the mullions may have been Sullivan's architectural solution to interrelated questions of the visual rhythm of openings on both street fronts, the expression of the structural system that defined the store's main interior aisles, and the Van Allen Building's height and position in its urban context. The ornamental motifs on the mullions may suggest the relation between mercantile interests and regional agriculture which preoccupied the Van Allens as progressive businessmen who saw Sullivan's building as part of a larger vision for their city's urban development. In its symbolism the Van Allen store is thus related to Sullivan's banks of the same period. The response of Sullivan's design to the particular requirements of the commission makes the Van Allen Building an instructive example of his interest in architectural expression of a building's specific character as one facet of his theoretical ideal that "form follows function."
A "New Era in My Life": Ithiel Town Abroad
Authors: Liscombe R. W.
Published: April 2006

Ithiel Town traveled twice to England and Europe, intent on studying "improvements in the taste and science of architecture" and "bridge engineering." His first tour, between October 1829 and July 1830, preceded the zenith of his career. It can be retraced in a series of largely unpublished letters addressed to his daughter, Etha, and his partner, Alexander Jackson Davis. The correspondence relates Town's immediate reactions and, hence, taste; his contact with the artistic community in London, including such fellow American visitors as S. F. B. Morse, whom he accompanied to Rome; and his purchase of books and prints, which he later housed in the fireproof villa he built in New Haven between 1834 and 1836. The major legacy of his study was a deepened appreciation of historical architecture and an evident objective not of imitating specific historical works but of enhancing the scale and sophistication of his own design. He was also inspired to seek improved educational facilities and status for the profession in the United States, participating in the foundation of the short-lived American Institution of Architects. He maintained links with leading figures in the British architectural scene, being among the earliest nonresident members elected to the newly founded Institute of British Architects in 1836. The value he attached to his first tour was confirmed when, in July 1843, Town again crossed the Atlantic to examine recent developments and design, mainly in England and Paris, the effect of which was unfortunately curtailed by his death some six months after his return to New York in December 1843.
Design and Civic Identity in Cincinnati's Carew Tower Complex
Authors: Wolner Edward W.
Published: April 2006

John J. Emery's Carew Tower complex in Cincinnati, Ohio, was an unusual example in the 1920s of the congruence between progressive skyscraper design and planning on the one hand, and progressive social and political tendencies on the other. Although its massing and major ornamental motifs were derived from other work in the decade by French and American designers, it nevertheless exhibited a spatial and circulatory originality unmatched by office buildings, hotels, or mixed-use skyscrapers prior to Rockefeller Center. More fully than any other skyscraper development between 1920 and 1935, the Carew Tower complex integrated significant aspects of local history with the architectural sophistication and the large-scale technological and organizational innovations generally identified with New York City and Chicago. At the same time, in an era when boss rule and political patronage dominated the governments of most large American cities, Emery and the Carew Tower complex were integrally associated with the extensive programs of public works and governmental reforms instituted in Cincinnati between 1924 and 1936.
The Name of the Boudoir
Authors: Lilley Ed
Published: April 2006

This article attempts to discover possible reasons for the emergence of the boudoir in eighteenth-century France. It acknowledges that there was a general increase in the desire for privacy, but seeks to determine why a space designed specifically for primarily female occupation should have appeared. Drawing particularly on the work of feminist historians, it seeks to situate the development of the boudoir in specific attitudes toward women at the time. While noting that the boudoir later became associated with illicit sexual liaisons, it suggests that the original reasons behind its development were more complex than might have been imagined to date. It charts the appearance of the term boudoir and the boudoir's apparently later arrival as a physical entity and raises questions as to why this particular name was used and what activities might originally have been envisaged for the room. The general aim is to situate the discussion of a concrete architectural entity in the context of a wider sphere to suggest that the boudoir emerged not simply as a result of changing style or architectural innovation, but as an intervention in a wider historical process.
Process and Patronage in the Decorative Arts of the Early Campaigns of Troyes Cathedral, ca. 1200-1220s
Authors: Pastan Elizabeth Carson
Published: April 2006

A methodology that exploits all aspects of the building program of Troyes Cathedral is here employed to reveal more about the cathedral's early history. Little-known grisailles from the early campaigns are differentiated from each other and dated in relation to the figural windows, and thus confirm the existence of separate campaigns in ca. 1200 and ca. 1210-20s. In particular, the characterization of the first campaign as regional in nature and the second campaign as drawing on new Parisian sources, is upheld by the analysis of the stained glass. In addition, the interior choir statue cycle is compared with other examples in the region. While interior statuary is shown to be widespread, there is no precise analogy for the eight bishops represented in the hemicycle of Troyes Cathedral. The bishops are here interpreted as evidence of the ascendancy of the church in the changing political climate of the early thirteenth century in Troyes.
Chicago's Auditorium Building: Opera or Anarchism
Authors: Siry Joseph M.
Published: April 2006

Adler and Sullivan's Auditorium Building in Chicago (1886-1890) is here analyzed in the context of Chicago's social history of the 1880s. Specifically, the building is seen as a capitalistic response to socialist and anarchist movements of the period. The Auditorium's principal patron, Ferdinand W. Peck, created a theater that was to give access to cultural and civic events for the city's workers, to draw them away from both politicized and nonpoliticized "low" urban entertainments. Adler and Sullivan's theater was to serve a mass audience, unlike opera houses of the period, which held multiple tiers of boxes for privileged patrons. This tradition was represented by the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City (1881-1883). Turning away from works like the Paris Opéra, Peck and his architects perhaps sought to emulate ideas of other European theaters of the period, such as Bayreuth's Festspielhaus (1872-1876). Sullivan's interior had an ornamental and iconographic program that was innovative relative to traditional opera houses. His design of the building's exterior was in a Romanesque style that recalled ancient Roman monuments. It is here compared with other Chicago buildings of its era that represented high capital's reaction to workers' culture, such as Burnham and Root's First Regiment Armory (1889-1891), Peck's own house (1887), and the Chicago Athenaeum (1890-1891). The Auditorium's story invites a view of the Chicago School that emphasizes the role of patrons' ideological agenda rather than modern structural expression.
The House as Path and Place: Spatial Planning in Josef Frank's Villa Beer, 1928-1930
Authors: Long Christopher
Published: April 2006

Josef Frank's Villa Beer, designed and built between 1928 and 1930, constitutes one of the most complete and sophisticated investigations of the possibilities of the new spatial planning ideas that emerged just prior to and after World War I. Like his Viennese contemporary Adolf Loos, Frank developed his own individual spatial planning strategy, which was based on differentiated room levels and heights, open circulation spaces and galleries, and open stairwells, terraces, and landings. This article examines the genesis and development of Frank's concept of "The House as Path and Place" and its expression in the Villa Beer, comparing Frank's approach with Loos's notion of the Raumplan and Le Corbusier's plan libre. By carefully establishing the linkages between the interlocking volumes in the house, Frank was able to produce a dynamic version of the Raumplan, one that fostered a powerful and affective experience of space.
Tradition and Transformation: Continuity and Ingenuity in the Temples of Karnataka
Authors: Hardy Adam
Published: April 2006

A continuous tradition of Drāviḍa (south Indian) temple architecture flourished in Karnataka, southwest India, between the seventh and thirteenth centuries. This article focuses on the eleventh-century temples, arguing that the later forms can only be understood in relation to the constantly developing tradition, looked at as a whole. A formal analysis is put forward, based primarily on the evidence of the monuments themselves. From the monuments, an appropriate way of seeing can be deduced, allowing an understanding of both individual temple compositions and of the way in which the forms evolve. A clear evolutionary pattern emerges, tending toward dynamism and fusion. Seen retrospectively, there is a sense of inevitability, as if the inherent potential of the architectural language is unfolding. Yet there is great inventiveness. The article illustrates the nature of this inventiveness and discusses its relationship to the evolutionary pattern. It concludes that it was not fixed forms that were passed down, but a way of creating, and that the sense of evolutionary direction this produced can be understood in relation to the world view the temples embody.
Louis Sullivan's First National Bank Building (1919-1922), Manistique, Michigan
Authors: Twombly Robert
Published: April 2006

Louis Sullivan's proposals for remodeling the First National Bank Building (1919-1922) in Manistique, Michigan, were executed in part. They reveal his underappreciated ability to bring order to someone else's design chaos by skillfully manipulating the tiniest of details. They also suggest that after his partnership with Dankmar Adler ended in 1895 he refined a vocabulary of façade composition meant to differentiate commercial structures according to program. When newly available archival material is fully exploited, it will likely reveal a good deal more about this neglected building, which was not only Sullivan's sole bank remodeling but also proof that as his career came to a close his ornament remained as powerful as ever.
The Villa Savoye and the Modernist Historic Monument
Authors: Murphy Kevin D.
Published: April 2006

This article argues that the debate over the fate of Le Corbusier's Villa Savoye (1928-1931) in Poissy, France-which was in derelict condition by the 1950s-occasioned an international reconsideration of the architect's work as well as a reconsideration of the French architectural patrimony. The author argues that, while the house has been discussed since the time of its completion in largely formal terms, more recent scholarship has opened up the debate on the material circumstances of its construction and the ideological implications of its design. As part of this new perspective, it is important to understand the house not simply as a universally applicable design solution by its architect, but as an object that was altered and restored in response to changing perceptions of Le Corbusier and his work. The process by which the Villa Savoye was preserved, restored, and established as an official historic monument of the French state, between c. 1958 and 1967, brought about a reconceptualization of modernist architecture and of the historic monument in France. Modernist architecture, including the Villa Savoye, was incorporated during the postwar period into a celebratory cultural history of France. Among government administrators who participated in this process was André Malraux, who in the postwar period attempted to reconstruct France's international prestige on the basis of its cultural production. Prodded into action on behalf of the Villa Savoye by architects, critics, and scholars around the world, as well as by an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, Malraux finally acknowledged that the work of Le Corbusier could be admitted into the corpus of monuments on which French identity was to be built.
Adsorption and rheological properties of biopolymers at the air‐water interface
Authors: Baeza Rosa , Pilosof Ana M. R. , Sanchez Cecilio Carrera , Rodríguez Patino Juan M.
Published: April 2006

Dynamics of adsorption and viscoelasticity of biopolymers (β‐lactoglobulin (β‐lg) + polysaccharides (PS)) at 20 °C and pH 7 have been studied. Protein concentration in the bulk phase was 0.1 wt %, and the concentration of polysaccharides (xanthan gum, λ‐carrageenan, and propylenglicol alginate with different degrees of esterification and viscosity) was varied from 0.1% to 0.5 wt %. The results reveal a significant effect of surface‐active and non surface‐active polysaccharides on the dynamics of the formation and viscoelasticity of adsorbed films at the air‐water interface. The rate of diffusion of the biopolymers increased in the mixed systems, but the effect was more significant at the highest concentration of polysaccharide (0.5 wt %). The rate of rearrangement of the adsorbed films decreased in the presence of polysaccharides as compared to the protein film. Competitive adsorption, complexation and limited thermodynamic incompatibility between β‐lactoglobulin and polysaccharide would explain the observed effects. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Modeling of mass transfer in combination with a homogeneously catalyzed reaction
Authors: Hoorn J. A. A. , Versteeg G. F.
Published: April 2006

The mass transfer rates of a gaseous reactant into a liquid where the reactions are catalyzed by homogeneous catalysts have been evaluated by the numerical solution of the diffusion‐reaction equations according to Higbie's penetration theory. The concentration profiles as well as enhancement factors are discussed as functions of the kinetic rate constants and the diffusion coefficients of the catalytic intermediates. In addition to the complex catalytic model, two simplified models were applied in order to facilitate design calculations. One version was obtained by application of the Bodenstein approximation; the simplest version comprised only the stoichiometric reaction. The Bodenstein model provides a very good approximation except for deviating diffusion coefficients of the catalytic intermediates. The applicability of the stoichiometric model is not as wide as with the Bodenstein model, but for some conditions acceptable approximations are achieved. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor and their associations with risk of schizophrenia and selected anthropometric measures
Authors: Handoko H.Y. , Nancarrow D.J. , Mowry B.J. , McGrath J.J.
Published: April 2006

The association between vitamin D levels and skeletal growth has long been recognized. However, exposure to low levels of vitamin D during early life is also known to alter brain development, and is a candidate risk factor for schizophrenia. This study examines the association between four polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and 1) risk of schizophrenia, and 2) three anthropometric variables (height, head size, and head shape). Four single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs10735810/FokI, rs1544410/BsmI, rs7975232/ApaI, and rs731236/TaqI) in the VDR gene were genotyped in 179 individuals with schizophrenia and 189 healthy controls. No significant associations were detected between any of the four VDR SNPs and risk of schizophrenia. Patients were slightly but significantly shorter compared to controls. Of the four SNPs, only rs10735810/FokI was associated with any of the anthropometric measures: the M4 isoform of this SNP was significantly associated with larger head size (P = 0.002). In light of the evidence demonstrating a role for vitamin D during brain development, the association between polymorphisms in VDR and brain development warrants closer scrutiny. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 18:415–417, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic source imaging versus intracranial electroencephalogram in epilepsy surgery: A prospective study
Authors: Knowlton Robert C. , Elgavish Rotem , Howell Jennifer , Blount Jeffery , Burneo Jorge G. , Faught Edward , Kankirawatana Pongkiat , Riley Kristen , Morawetz Richard , Worthington Julie , Kuzniecky Ruben I.
Published: April 2006

Objective

Noninvasive brain imaging tests can potentially supplement or even replace the use of intracranial electroencephalogram (ICEEG), an invasive, costly procedure used in presurgical epilepsy evaluation. This study prospectively examined the agreement between magnetic source imaging (MSI) and ICEEG localization in epilepsy surgery candidates.

Methods

Patients completing video monitoring with scalp EEG who had intractable partial epilepsy based on ictal electro‐clinico‐anatomical features were screened. Forty‐nine enrolled patients (mean age, 27 years; range, 1–61 years) completed MSI and ICEEG studies. Decisions about ICEEG and surgery were made at a consensus conference where MSI could only influence ICEEG coverage by indicating supplemental coverage to that already planned by an original hypothesis.

Results

The positive predictive value of MSI for seizure localization was 82 to 90%, depending on whether computed against ICEEG alone or in combination with surgical outcome. The kappa score of agreement for MSI with ICEEG was 0.2744 (p < 0.01)

Interpretation

MSI yields localizing information with a high positive predictive value in epilepsy surgery candidates who typically require ICEEG. This finding suggests that enough clinical validity exists for MSI to potentially replace ICEEG for seizure localization. Ann Neurol 2006;59:835–842
Reaktionen bei sehr tiefen Temperaturen: Gaskinetik in einem neuen Bereich
Authors: Smith Ian W. M.
Published: April 2006

Dank Fortschritten bei den experimentellen Techniken, insbesondere der Entwicklung von CRESU (Cinétique de Réaction en Ecoulement Supersonique Uniforme), können mittlerweile viele molekulare Gasphasenprozesse bei sehr tiefen Temperaturen studiert werden. Dieser Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit Reaktionen von Molekül‐ und Atomradikalen mit neutralen Molekülen. Mithilfe der CRESU‐Methode wurden bereits Geschwindigkeitskonstanten für fast 50 Reaktionen bei Temperaturen bis 13 K gemessen. Die überraschende Schnelligkeit vieler Reaktionen zwischen elektrisch neutralen Spezies bei diesen tiefen Temperaturen liefert Anhaltspunkte für das Verständnis der Chemie der etwa 135 Molekülarten, die in interstellaren Wolken identifiziert wurden. Die theoretische Behandlung dieser Reaktionen beruht auf der Vorstellung, dass eine Reaktion stattfindet, wenn das langreichweitige Potential zwischen den Reaktanten diese in engen Kontakt bringt. Die astrochemischen Zusammenhänge, die theoretischen Ansätze und die Abschätzung von Geschwindigkeitskonstanten für diese Reaktionen werden diskutiert.
Titelbild: Changing the Activity of Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction by Tuning the Surface Electronic Structure (Angew. Chem. 18/2006)
Authors: Stamenkovic Vojislav , Mun Bongjin Simon , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Ross Philip N. , Markovic Nenad M. , Rossmeisl Jan , Greeley Jeff , Nørskov Jens K.
Published: April 2006

Platinoberflächen werden durch das Legieren mit 3d‐Übergangsmetallen zu besseren Kathoden für Brennstoffzellen. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 2963 ff. beschreiben J. K. Nørskov und Mitarbeiter, wie sie durch diesen Prozess die elektronische Struktur der Oberfläche verändern und die katalytische Aktivität bei der Reduktion von Sauerstoff erhöhen konnten. Das Titelbild zeigt den Einfluss von Cobaltatomen in der zweiten Schicht von Pt3Co auf eine Wellenfunktion aus Wasserstoff‐p‐ und Oberflächen‐Platin‐d‐Zuständen.
Crystal Structure and Physical Properties of Ln(Ba1‐xSrx)2Cu3Oy (Ln: Nd, Pr) Prepared under Reducing Atmosphere.
Authors: Wuernisha Tuerxun , Sano F. , Takahashi Y. , Takase K. , Takano Y. , Sekizawa K.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Luminescent Polyoxotungstoeuropate Anion‐Pillared Layered Double Hydroxides.
Authors: Sousa Filipa L. , Pillinger Martyn , Sa Ferreira Rute A. , Granadeiro Carlos M. , Cavaleiro Ana M. V. , Rocha Joao , Carlos Luis D. , Trindade Tito , Nogueira Helena I. S.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Diels—Alder Reactions of Dienophiles with Pentafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl (SF5) Moiety.
Authors: Brel Valery K.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Simple Method for Deprotection of tert‐Butyldimethylsilyl Ethers by Using Stannous Chloride under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Jadhav Vinod H. , Borate Hanumant B. , Wakharkar Radhika D.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unsaturated Fatty Alcohol Derivatives as a Source of Substituted Allylzirconocene.
Authors: Chinkov Nicka , Levin Anat , Marek Ilan
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Alicyclic Esters via an Intramolecular Conjugate Addition Reaction. New Method for Generating (Z)‐Vinylcopper Species from 1,1‐Dibromoalkenes.
Authors: Tanino Keiji , Arakawa Keisuke , Satoh Mikiya , Iwata Yasuhiro , Miyashita Masaaki
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Enhanced Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Potassium Vinyltrifluoroborates and Allyl Acetates: A New Route to 1,4‐Pentadienes.
Authors: Kabalka George W. , Al‐Masum Mohammad
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Broensted Acid Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Aryl Methyl Ketone Derived Enamines to Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Dixon Darren J. , Richardson Robert D.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies on Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 75. Regioselective Ring‐Opening of Aziridines with Potassium Thiocyanate and Thiols Using Sulfated Zirconia as a Heterogeneous Recyclable Catalyst.
Authors: Das Biswanath , Ramu R. , Ravikanth B. , Reddy K. Ravinder
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic α‐Alkylation of Acyclic Ketones.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Xu Jiayi
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Carbamates from Alcohol Diversity: A Simple Solution Phase Library Method.
Authors: Hamilton Gregory L. , Backes Bradley J.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of γ‐Hydroxy‐α,β‐acetylenic Esters by Asymmetric Alkyne Addition to Aldehydes.
Authors: Gao Ge , Wang Qin , Yu Xiao‐Qi , Xie Ru‐Gang , Pu Lin
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cycloaddition Reaction of Schiff Bases with Ketenes Generated by Pyrolysis of 2‐Aryl‐Substituted 1,5,7‐Trioxaspiro[2.5]octane‐4,8‐diones.
Authors: Tsuno Takashi , Kondo Kosuke , Sugiyama Kunio
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Monopyrrolinone‐Based HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors Possessing Augmented P2′ Side Chains.
Authors: Smith Amos B. III , et al. et al.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Biodegradable Ionic Liquids. Part 3. The First Readily Biodegradable Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Gathergood Nicholas , Scammells Peter J. , Garcia M. Teresa
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Induced Stereoselective Conversion of Dialkyl 2‐(1,1,3‐Trioxo‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐1,2‐benzisothiazol‐2‐yl)‐3‐ (triphenylphosphoranylidene)succinates to Dialkyl 2‐(1,1,3‐Trioxo‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐1,2‐benzisothiazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐butendioates in the Presence of Silicagel Powder in Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Ramazani Ali , Motejadded Akram Abbasi , Ahmadi Ebrahim
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile KF/Al2O3 Mediated Method for the Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Arylchromene‐2‐thiones.
Authors: Xu Xiaowei , Hu Yongzhou
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
CAN‐Mediated Stereoselective Cyclization of Epoxypropyl Cinnamyl Amines to 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted Piperidines and Supramolecular Assembly of the Latter Aided by Ethyl Acetate.
Authors: Nair Vijay , Mohanan Kishor , Suja T. D. , Suresh Eringathodi
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and in vitro Antitubercular Activity of Some 1‐[(4‐Sub)phenyl]‐3‐(4‐{1‐ [(pyridine‐4‐carbonyl)‐hydrazono]ethyl}phenyl)thiourea.
Authors: Sriram Dharmarajan , Yogeeswari Perumal , Madhu Kasinathan
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of 3H,11H‐9‐Methyl‐3‐oxopyrano[2,3‐f]cinnolino[3,4‐c]pyrazole and Its Derivatives.
Authors: Choudhari Bharati P. , Mulwad Vinata V.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Synthesis of Substituted Phenylpyrimidines via Suzuki Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Delia Thomas J. , Schomaker Jennifer M. , Kalinda Alvin S.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heterocyclic Systems Containing a Bridge Head Nitrogen Atom: Reaction of 5‐Pyrimidine Carboxylic Acid 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐6‐methyl‐4‐aryl‐2‐thioxoethyl Ester with 3‐(2‐Bromoacetyl)coumarins.
Authors: Rao V. Rajeswar , Reddy V. Ravinder
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Class of Sodium/Calcium Exchanger Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of 4‐Phenyl‐3‐(piperidin‐4‐yl)‐3,4‐dihydro‐2(1H)‐quinazolinone Derivatives.
Authors: Hasegawa Hirohiko , Muraoka Masami , Matsui Kazuki , Kojima Atsuyuki
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Bicyclic Cannabinoid Receptor‐1 (CB1‐R) Antagonists.
Authors: Carpino Philip A. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fluorinated 4H‐1,3‐Diazepines by Reaction of Difluorocarbene with 2H‐Azirines.
Authors: Novikov Mikhail S. , Amer Amer A. , Khlebnikov Alexander F.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel and Highly Efficient Method for the Direct Conversion of Aryl Aldehyde Bisulfite Adducts to Their Aryl Trimethylsilyl Ethers in a One‐Pot Manner Catalyzed by Montmorillonite K‐10.
Authors: Khodaei Mohammad M. , Khosropour Ahmad R. , Abbasi Jamshide
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Enantioselective Michael Addition in the Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates.
Authors: Jaszay Zsuzsa M. , Nemeth Gabor , Pham Truong Son , Petnehazy Imre , Gruen Alajos , Toeke Laszlo
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Functionalized Vinylgermanes Through a New Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Marciniec Bogdan , Lawicka Hanna , Majchrzak Mariusz , Kubicki Maciej , Kownacki Ireneusz
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral Aminoalkyl Cation Equivalents. Part 1. One‐Pot Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected Enantiopure S‐(Aminoalkyl)cysteine Derivatives.
Authors: Bolognese Adele , Fierro Olga , Guarino Daniela , Longobardo Luigi , Caputo Romualdo
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Novel Halogenated Cryptolepine Analogues.
Authors: Gouni Srinivas Reddy , Carrington S. , Wright C. W.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A General Route to the Streptomyces‐Derived Inthomycin Family: The First Synthesis of (+)‐Inthomycin B.
Authors: Webb Michael R. , Donald Craig , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Application of [γ‐(Silyloxy)allylidene]ditin to the Efficient Synthesis of the Chromophore of the Neocarzinostatin Dihydroxycyclopentene‐Based Dienediyne Core.
Authors: Madec David , Ferezou Jean‐Pierre
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Developments in High‐Temperature Permanent Magnet Materials
Authors: Liu Sam
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Monodisperse Ferromagnetic Metal Particles: Synthesis by Chemical Routes, Size Control and Magnetic Characterizations
Authors: Toneguzzo Philippe , Viau Guillaume , Fievet Fernand
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Silanediol Protease Inhibitors: From Conception to Validation
Authors: Sieburth Scott McN. , Chen Chien‐An
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aminopeptidase‐N/CD13 (EC 3.4.11.2) Inhibitors: Chemistry, Biological Evaluations, and Therapeutic Prospects
Authors: Bauvois Brigitte , Dauzonne Daniel
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organic Synthesis with Light‐Fluorous Reagents, Reactants, Catalysts, and Scavengers
Authors: Curran Dennis P.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in Organic Synthesis Using Transition Metal Catalyzed Hydroborations
Authors: Vogels Christopher M. , Westcott Stephen A.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure—Function Relationships of EcDOS, a Heme‐Regulated Phosphodiesterase from Escherichia coli
Authors: Sasakura Yukie , Yoshimura‐Suzuki Tokiko , Kurokawa Hirofumi , Shimizu Toru
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Signal Amplification by Allosteric Catalysis
Authors: Zhu Lei , Anslyn Eric V.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Charge on the Move: How Electron‐Transfer Dynamics Depend on Molecular Conformation
Authors: Benniston Andrew C. , Harriman Anthony
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Methods for Speciation of Metals in Soils
Authors: D'Amore J. J. , Al‐Abed S. R. , Scheckel K. G. , Ryan J. A.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Topological Structure and Relaxation Properties of Polymers
Authors: Irzhak V. I.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
σ‐Silane Ruthenium Complexes: The Crucial Role of Secondary Interactions
Authors: Lachaize Sébastien , Sabo‐Etienne Sylviane
Published: April 2006

The bonding coordination mode of various silanes to ruthenium complexes is discussed on the basis of a detailed analysis of NMR, IR, X‐ray and DFT data. It is now more and more obvious that a continuum exists between the two extreme situations, i.e. formation of a σ‐silane complex or Si–H bond breaking leading to oxidative addition. Within this continuum, secondary interactions involving Si and H play a significant role, in particular for the stabilization of unusual structures or as intermediates in exchange processes. Here, we highlight the criteria allowing the best description of the different bonding modes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)