bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Bastion against Assimilation? Jewish sport in the Netherlands, 1890–1940
Authors: Derks Marjet , Rodenburg Elisa
Published: June 2017

Dieser Beitrag diskutiert jüdische Sportkulturen in den Niederlanden vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Dabei soll das bisherige Konzept einer vorwiegend segregierten und zionistisch geprägten jüdischen Sportkultur als Ergebnis einer aus der Nachkriegszeit stammenden Sichtweise revidiert werden. Anhand des Beispiels von drei jüdischen Gemeinden, Amsterdam, Groningen und Den Haag, zwischen dem Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts und 1940 wird aufgezeigt, dass die jüdische Sportszene zugleich »assimiliert« und heterogen war, und dass sie Vereine verschiedener sozialer, politischer und religiöser Orientierung umfasste. Wegen des hohen Grads an Integration in die niederländische Gesellschaft, spielte die Frage der niederländischen Identität keine Rolle. Vielmehr beeinflusste die soziale Klasse Fragen von Inklusion und Exklusion. In den 1920er und 1930er Jahren stieg die Anzahl separater jüdischer Vereine ebenso wie die Verbreitung des Zionismus, wenngleich letzterer im Sport ebenso wie das Ideal des Muskeljudentums umstritten blieb. Jüdischer Sport in den Niederlanden war daher weder so profiliert wie anderswo noch ein Instrument der Integration.
Luxury consumption, precautionary savings and wealth inequality
Authors: Campanale Claudio
Published: June 2017

Most macroeconomic models are based on the assumption of a single homogeneous consumption good. In the present paper we consider a model with two goods: a basic good and a luxury good. We then apply this assumption to a standard general equilibrium heterogeneous agent model. We find a substantial reduction in precautionary savings compared to a standard model. The effect on wealth inequality turns out to be ambiguous and to depend on the size of the assumed earnings risk.
Lanzelet und sein Schatten
Authors: Barton Ulrich
Published: June 2017

Ulrich’s von Zatzikhoven ›Lanzelet‹ seems to be the only medieval version of the Lancelot myth without the adulterous love between the hero and the king’s wife or any other rivalry between King Arthur and the best knight of the Round Table. There are two possible explanations for that issue: Either the version of Ulrich’s romance is prior to the version represented by Chrétien’s de Troyes ›Chevalier de la Charrette‹ and the ›Prose Lancelot‹, or Ulrich’s romance avoids the adultery story on purpose. The present article argues for the second explanation, analysing the ›Lanzelet‹ as an intertextual play with the Lancelot myth, a play which does not simply cut the conflict out, but keeps alluding to it and re-narrates it on different levels (as a kind of ›Schattengeschichte‹). In doing so, the romance reveals the essentials of each Lancelot story as well as the narrative conditions under which the adultery story appears evitable or inevitable.
Textstruktur und Illustrationsprinzipien im ›Welschen Gast‹ des Thomasin von Zerklaere
Authors: Schneider Christian
Published: June 2017

This paper reexamines the textual structure and the principles behind the illustrations of Thomasin’s von Zerklaere ›Der Welsche Gast‹. It argues that the book’s discontinuous, digressive, and seemingly unstructured mode of presentation results from an effort to reconfigure and recombine smaller didactic entities, or nuclei, that are shaped by the mediality of the text between literacy, semi-literacy, and orality, Thomasin’s didactic intentions, and the character of the text as a work-in-progress. By comparing the ›Welscher Gast‹ with other illustrated didactic poems, such as the late antique ›Psychomachia‹ and Hugo’s von Trimberg ›Der Renner‹, I provide evidence that the text and image cycle in the ›Welscher Gast‹ are merely a loose conceptual arrangement, and I challenge the widespread notion that both were created under Thomasin’s direction.
Heinrich Seuse in Melk
Authors: Willing Antje
Published: June 2017

In this study, the strong connection existing between the High German and the Low German transmission of Heinrich Seuse’s ›Büchlein der ewigen Weisheit‹ is shown on the basis of the codices 235 and 1389 of the Stiftsbibliothek Melk, which have been written by Lienhart Peuger, as well as on the basis of codex 55 of the same library, which Peuger has edited. Both Melk 235 and Melk 1389 contain extensive enlargements of the text of the ›Büchlein‹ that have their origin in a German version of Seuse’s ›Horologium sapientiae‹ as well as in Saying 203 of the ›Buch der Vollkommenheit‹ of Pseudo-Engelhart von Ebrach; moreover, Peuger integrated these enlargements into the codex Melk 55 that was written by another hand. The same enlargements can also be found in a group of manuscripts of Low and Middle German provenance. That the High German transmission of the ›Büchlein der ewigen Weisheit‹ has been influenced by the Low German one, or vice versa, is furthermore proven by two other groups of manuscripts which are near to each other in the textual versions they transmit. These are, on the one hand, a group of Low German manuscripts which integrate to a great extent passages of the ›Horologium sapientiae‹ into the ›Büchlein der ewigen Weisheit‹, and, on the other hand, a group of High German manuscripts which have readings in common with the group named before, but which do not transmit the insertions contained in them. The redaction of the ›Büchlein der ewigen Weisheit‹ used by Lienhart Peuger for the copying of the codices Melk 235 and Melk 1389 was already in the 14th century so popular in the Low German and in the High German regions that Peuger even corrected an older version of the ›Büchlein‹ according to this redaction. Neither the edited versions, nor the textual connection between the Low German and the High German transmission can be inferred from Karl Bihlmeyer’s publication of the ›Büchlein‹ from 1907. Therefore, a new edition of the ›Büchlein‹ is necessary.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Hapalospongidion gelatinosum, Hapalospongidiaceae fam. nov. (Ralfsiales, Phaeophyceae) from Mexico
Authors: León-Alvarez Daniel , Reyes-Gómez Viviana Patricia , Wynne Michael J. , Ponce-Márquez María Edith , Quiróz-González Nataly
Published: June 2017

The morphology of the crustose brown alga
Relation between plant species diversity and landscape variables in Central-European dry grassland fragments and their successional derivates
Authors: Paušič Igor , Ivajnšič Danijel , Kaligarič Mitja , Pipenbaher Nataša
Published: June 2017

A systematic field survey of an area of 843 ha in the traditional Central-European agricultural landscape of Goričko Nature Park in Slovenia revealed 80 fragments of dry semi-natural grasslands. Vascular plant species diversity was studied in relation to landscape variables and to threat (Slovenian red-listed species). Our results show that fragment size does not affect plant species diversity. In addition, fragment shape index is not related to Alpha diversity. Higher Alpha diversity was observed for abandoned grassland fragments. The lowest Alpha diversity was perceived on more mesic fragments, where habitat specialists are much scarcer. It was confirmed that the highest diversity of specialists are in the driest fragments, both still mowed and abandoned. With an increase in the number of distinctly different bordering habitat types, the total number of species per fragment generally does not increase, except in the case of those fragments that are already in different succession stages. Abandoned and typical dry grasslands are associated with a higher number of bordering habitats. Typical dry grassland fragments and abandoned ones, which probably derived mostly from drier (less productive) grasslands, are found on lower altitude and have a lower shape index. Habitat specialistsSedum sexangulare, Polygala vulgarisandSpiranthes spiralishave higher frequency in fragments with a lower shape index. This means that these oligotrophic specialists occur in smaller fragments. ButOrchis moriohas higher frequencies of occurrence on polygons with a higher shape index, which confirms the observation that this species occurs in larger and more irregular fragments, as well as close to houses and fields and along the roads.
Two moss species from Mt Durmitor new to the bryophyte flora of Montenegro
Authors: Vulević Anja , Dragićević Snežana , Petrović Danka
Published: June 2017

The present paper reports the first records of two moss species, Orthotrichum obtusifolium Brid. and Dicranoweisia cirrata (Hedw.) Lindb., in the flora of Montenegro. The mosses were found in the Tepački kraj area on Mt Durmitor. Some morphological features, the ecological characteristics and the distribution of the species are given, along with photographs of diagnostic details and their threat status in the countries of SE Europe.
Anatomical and micromorphological properties of some Tanacetum L. (Asteraceae) taxa from Turkey and their systematic implications
Authors: Dere Saban , Aytas Akcin Tulay
Published: June 2017

In this study, the anatomy and trichome micromorphology ofTanacetum macrophyllum(Waldst.& Kit.) Schultz,T. parthenium(L.) Schultz,T. poteriifolium(Ledeb.) Grierson andT. vulgareL. were examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Some anatomical characters such as presence of secretory cavities and pith in root and mesophyll type in leaf provide information of taxonomical significance. In addition, the existence of a parenchymatic layer, which consists of elongated parenchymatic cells in the stem ofT. macrophyllum,is a distinguishing character. The results obtained from scanning electron microscope studies showed that trichome micromorphology varies among examined taxa. InT. macrophyllum, the eglandular and glandular trichomes especially on disc florets, ligulate florets and cypselas are more sparse, whereas disc florets and cypselas of the other taxa are covered with abundant glandular trichomes. Additionally,T. poteriifoliumandT. partheniumhas a distinct distribution of glandular trichomes forming in a row across the entire cypsela surface.
The Theoretical Analysis of Mass and Energy Flow Through Solar Collector – Chimney System
Authors: Lipnicki Zygmunt , Gortych Marta , Staszczuk Anna , Kuczyński Tadeusz
Published: June 2017

The goal of the paper was to simplify the designing process for mass and energy flow through solar collector - chimney system. Theoretical analysis allowed to get involved system of three nonlinear analytical equations in dimensionless forms that have been saved. Dimensionless numbers for the problem are well known in the literature on fluid mechanics and thermodynamics: Reynolds, Grashof, Galileo, Biot and Prandtl. In the analyzed equations are also dimensionless geometric parameters expressing the ratios of basic geometrical dimensions of the collector system-chimney: the radius disc collector to the thickness gap, the height and radius of the chimney. In the system of equations, the Reynolds number is treated as the determined number, which is a novelty of the method used.
Cod Fractions - Methods of Measurement and Use in Wastewater Treatment Technology
Authors: Myszograj Sylwia , Płuciennik-Koropczuk Ewelina , Jakubaszek Anita
Published: June 2017

The paper presents the results of studies concerning the designation of COD fraction in raw wastewater. The research was conducted in four municipal mechanical-biological sewage treatment plants and one industrial sewage treatment plant. The following fractions of COD were determined: non-biodegradable (inert) soluble SI, biodegradable soluble fraction SS, particulate slowly degradable XS and particulate non-biodegradable XI. The methodology for determining the COD fraction was based on the ATV-A131 guidelines and Łomotowski-Szpindor methodology. The real concentration of fractions in raw wastewater and the percentage of each fraction in total COD are different from data reported in the literature.
Big Data in Chemical Industry
Authors: Saha B.
Published: June 2017

Big data with advanced analytical software is now being used by many chemical companies to improve business performance.
Update on ThermoML
Authors: Kroenlein Kenneth
Published: June 2017

ThermoML is the XML-based IUPAC Standard for Thermodynamic Property Data, first developed as an IUPAC project in 2006, and extended in 2001. [
Two Women, Two Literatures and One Fight for Dignity and Voice in the Society - About the Mexican Jesusa of Elena Poniatowska and the Polish Marta of Eliza Orzeszkowa
Authors: Kępka Malwina
Published: June 2017

Over the last centuries women have fought for their rights. On the pages of literature appeared hundreds of heroines who wanted to change the world. Poniatowska and Orzeszkowa - two women from distant cultures and times - created outstanding literary characters. The novel of Elena Poniatowska, published in 1969, was the chronicle of 20th century in Mexico, which included documentary material about Jesusa Palancares and her story about the revolution in 1910. The work is the epic of the folk hero closed in the labyrinth of solitude and attempt to determine his own character. Jesusa will be compared with Marta, the main character of Eliza Orzeszkowa’s novel, which was published in 1873 and is dedicated to the social rights of women. This contribution aims to discuss the literary techniques and topics in works of the important women-writers in Poland and Mexico. This paper analyses the novels not through feminism, but through the study of culture and politics. In the comparative analysis of Marta and Hasta no verte Jesús mío the paper shows similarities and diversities in the texts, considering differences in national identity and similar social-political situation as a bridge between the cultures.
The Reflection of Leo Tolstoy and Ivan Turgenev Relations in the “Albert” Fabula and Motifs Organization
Authors: Tolstonozhenko Oxana A.
Published: June 2017

The short story “Albert” is usually interpreted as a manifestation of Leo Tolstoy’s aesthetics. Thus, the narrative of the story is generally beyond the research scope. Tolstoy had been influenced by Turgenev when writing the story. Their relations were analysed through the sociocultural concept of the literary field. Tolstoy rejected the “patron - newcomer” type of relations. The conflict was explicitly depicted in the story narrative. This observation was confirmed by a comparison of three editions of the story. Albert represented Leo Tolstoy himself when he (the story protagonist) rejected Delesov’s patron intentions.
A phenomenological life evaluation method for corrosion fatigue
Authors: Hou Shanqin , Xu Jinquan
Published: June 2017

Considering interacted damage accumulations induced by corrosion, cyclic fatigue, and stress corrosion cracking, a phenomenological corrosion fatigue (CF) life evaluation formula has been proposed. A concept of nominal CF limit has been introduced, which indicates whether cyclic damage accumulation is active or not. It is found that cyclic fatigue damage accumulation enhanced by corrosion is the dominative damage under relatively high stress amplitudes (compared to the nominal limit), whereas, under low stress amplitudes, corrosion damage accumulation would become the dominative one. Stress amplitudes below the nominal fatigue limit would lead to CF too due to corrosion damage accumulation, which can finally make the effective amplitude larger than nominal limit. Once the parameters included in formula have been determined by uniaxial tests, CF life under any complicated stress state could be estimated in a unified way.
Review paper. Does genius border on insanity? Part I: A relationship between creativity and the presence of psychopathological symptoms in bipolar disorder
Authors: Nowacka Olga , Welcz Henryk , Karakuła-Juchnowicz Hanna
Published: June 2017

The theory linking the development of mental disorders with the processes of human evolution assumes that these disorders may be the result of a side effect of natural and sexual selection processes. Creativity is one of the adaptive features associated with the increased incidence of psychopathological symptoms (as compared to the general population).

In this review paper, the definition of creativity has been characterized, and contemporary existing theories on its background, have been presented. Also, the paper describes the relationship between creativity and the presence of psychopathological symptoms. Special attention has been paid to the relationship between creativity and bipolar disorder.

The research results prove the existence of a correlation between a high level of creativity and a higher prevalence of psychopathological symptoms, particularly concerning the symptoms of bipolar disorder spectrum.
Caesarean delivery during dual antiplatelet therapy after acute myocardial infarction and stenting
Authors: Vitezica Irena , von Heymann Christian , Henrich Wolfgang , Bamberg Christian
Published: June 2017

Background

Cardiac disease is the leading cause of maternal mortality during pregnancy in high-resource countries.

Case

A 31-year-old woman had an ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) at 16 gestational weeks. The patient received three coronary drug-eluting stents followed by dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel. An elective caesarean delivery was performed under general anesthesia at 37+1 gestational weeks. Due to subnormal response to clopidogrel, administration was paused only 24 h perioperatively without bridging with tirofiban because of the slightly increased risk of stent thrombosis in clopidogrel nonresponders. There was no postoperative bleeding.

Conclusions

There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines regarding the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during pregnancy; thus, delivery should be performed in a tertiary center with a multidisciplinary approach.
Analysis of the Effect of Multiple Testing in Assessing Tobacco Product Differences
Authors: Verron Thomas , Cahours Xavier , Colard Stéphane
Published: June 2017

During the last two decades, an increase of tobacco product reporting requirements from regulators was observed, such as Europe, Canada or USA.

However, the capacity to compare and discriminate accurately two products is impacted by the number of constituents used for the comparison. Indeed, performing a large number of simultaneous independent hypothesis tests increases the probability of rejection of the null hypothesis when it should not be rejected. This leads to virtually guarantee the presence of type I errors among the findings. Correction methods have been developed to overcome this issue like the Bonferroni or Benjamini & Hochberg ones. The performance of these methods was assessed by comparing identical tobacco products with different sizes of data sets. Results showed that multiple comparisons lead to erroneous conclusions if the risk of type I error is not corrected. Unfortunately, reducing the type I error impacts the statistical power of the tests. Consequently, strategies for dealing with multiplicity of data should provide a reasonable balance between testing requirement and statistical power of differentiation. Multiple testing for product comparison is less of a problem if studies restrict to the most relevant parameters for comparison.
Pressure and Gas Flow Distribution Inside the Filter of a Non-Filter Ventilated Lit Cigarette During Puffing
Authors: Li Bin , Cui Xiaomeng , Zhao Lucan , Wang Le , Xie Guoyong , Deng Nan
Published: June 2017

Establishing a realistic gas flow velocity distribution inside a cigarette filter during smoking is important to understand filtration mechanisms of different mainstream smoke species and the overall effect of filter designs on mainstream smoke composition. In this paper, an experimental method is described which directly measures the gas pressure field inside a cellulose acetate filter during cigarette smoking. This was demonstrated by using 3R4F research reference cigarettes smoked under a 35 mL puff of 6 s duration. In addition, filter temperature measurements were also carried out at multiple locations within the filter. Both the temperature and pressure sensing locations were selected to match the radial and longitudinal directions of the cigarette filter. The temperature and pressure measurements were then used to calculate the velocity according to Darcy’s Law along the mainstream flow direction in the cigarette filter at each puff. The spatially resolved maps of temperature, pressure and flow velocity on a puff-by-puff basis provide useful insights into the dynamic filtration of smoke aerosol under the influence of the approaching burning coal and progressive accumulation of smoke particulate matter.
Rate of Convergence for Ibragimov-Gadjiev-Durrmeyer Operators
Authors: Acar Tuncer
Published: June 2017

The present paper deals with the rate of convergence of the general class of Durrmeyer operators, which are generalization of Ibragimov-Gadjiev operators. The special cases of the operators include somewell known operators as particular cases viz. Szász-Mirakyan-Durrmeyer operators, Baskakov-Durrmeyer operators. Herewe estimate the rate of convergence of Ibragimov-Gadjiev-Durrmeyer operators for functions having derivatives of bounded variation.
Rate of convergence of Szász-beta operators based on q-integers
Authors: Gupta Pooja , Agrawal Purshottam Narain
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this paper is to establish the rate of convergence in terms of the weighted modulus of continuity and Lipschitz type maximal function for the q-Szász-beta operators. We also study the rate of A-statistical convergence. Lastly, we modify these operators using King type approach to obtain better approximation.
E-commerce and its Impact on Logistics Requirements
Authors: Zákorová Eva
Published: June 2017

The contribution will focus on the development of e-commerce. The extent of the development of internet by age category will be assessed and the development of this factor will be monitored by correlation analysis. Analysis of logistics operators will be performed in the field courier, express and parcel shipments. Market competitiveness B2C will focus on flexibility in delivery, evening delivery or on weekends, term delivery (increasing the cost of tracking shipments and their records), use and offering banking products with secure payment system, readiness deliver the goods via its own fueling point. On the contrary, legal provision regulating the entrance to the parking are, entrance into pedestrian zone service may limit or prevent.
The Exponentiated Generalized-G Poisson Family of Distributions
Authors: Aryal Gokarna R. , Yousof Haitham M.
Published: June 2017

In this article we propose and study a new family of distributions which is defined by using the genesis of the truncated
Poisson distribution and the exponentiated generalized-G distribution. Some
mathematical properties of the new family including ordinary and incomplete
moments, quantile and generating functions, mean deviations, order
statistics and their moments, reliability and Shannon entropy are derived.
Estimation of the parameters using the method of maximum likelihood is discussed.
Although this generalization technique can be used to generalize many other distributions, in this study we
present only two special models. The importance and flexibility of the new
family is exemplified using real world data.
ER stress in neurodegenerative disease: from disease mechanisms to therapeutic interventions
Authors: Cabral-Miranda Felipe , Hetz Claudio
Published: June 2017

The conception that protein aggregates composed by misfolded proteins underlies the occurrence of several neurodegenerative diseases suggests that this phenomenon may have a common origin, ultimately driven by disruption of proteostasis control. The unfolded protein response (UPR) embodies a major element of the proteostasis network, which is engaged by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Chronic ER stress may operate as a possible mechanism of neurodegeneration, contributing to synaptic alterations, neuroinflammation and neuronal loss. In this review we discuss most recent findings relating ER stress and the development of distinct neurodegenerative diseases, and the possible strategies for disease intervention.
The Vibennae: Etruscan Heroes and Roman Historiography
Authors: Neel Jaclyn
Published: June 2017

The Vibenna brothers of Etruria have been interpreted as historical analogues to Romulus and Remus. Through a comprehensive re-examination of the archaeological and textual remains, I argue that this view is mistaken. Roman accounts recognize only one brother; Etruscan accounts consistently privilege the brothers’ cooperation. Rather than Romulus and Remus, we should consider alternatives such as Castor and Pollux as mythological parallels.
Recent Research in Cavità 254 (Orvieto, Italy)
Authors: George David , Bizzarri Claudio , Bianco Paolo , Trentacoste Angela , Whitlam Jade , Best Julia
Published: June 2017

This report presents the recent results from the excavations of Cavità 254, a pyramidal hypogeum under the city of Orvieto. The report examines both the material culture as well as newly discovered archeo-zoological and archeo-botanical evidence.
Meiotic behaviour and morpho-phenological variation in cut stock (Matthiola incanaL.) flower
Authors: Irani Sepideh Famil , Arab Mostafa
Published: June 2017

Morpho-phenological and meiotic studies were performed in twelve cultivars of Matthiola incana. All of the cultivars were diploid (2n = 2x = 14) with basic chromosome number x = 7. A number of aneuploid PMCs (n + 1) were observed in plants of two cultivars, named ‘Nobel’ (NB) and ‘Goddess’ (GD), at the diakinesis stage. Trisomic individuals with the frequency of 20% and 5% and (2n + 1 = 15) somatic chromosomes were observed in seeds obtained from single-flowered plants of the cultivars NB and GD, respectively. An additional chromosome was mostly observed in the form of a chain trivalent or a rod univalent. Various meiotic abnormalities were found in all the cultivars to different degrees. In these cultivars, the percentage of cells with meiotic abnormalities was higher in anaphase I. Cytomixis was observed for the first time in Matthiola incana. ANOVA tests revealed significant differences in morpho-phenological characteristics. ‘Nobel’ differs from the others in all of the vegetative features investigated in this study. All the cultivars studied except ‘Nobel’ and ‘Pacific Crimson’ possessed high pollen fertility (> 90%). Five groups of the cultivars based on morpho-phenological features disagree with the clustering of cultivars based on meiotic traits. It is thought that the various morpho-phenological features observed among the cultivars could be due to their different genetic background and not only to meiotic anomalies.
Białowieża Forest: what it used to be, what it is now and what we want it to be in the future
Authors: Szwagrzyk Jerzy
Published: June 2017

For many centuries, management of the Białowieża Forest has not focused on timber production. Therefore, despite hunting, grazing by domestic animals and sporadic cutting of valuable trees the forest has retained its natural character. After World War I, a small part of the Białowieża Forest was protected as a reserve that later became a national park, while the remainder was managed for timber. After World War II, the protection status of the Polish part of the Białowieża Forest was maintained with the national park at the center surrounded by managed stands.

During the last few decades, the national park was enlarged and new reserves were established. However, the majority of the Białowieża Forest is still managed for timber. The forest management has been sustainable for decades and in the last few years logging has even been strongly reduced, to a level comparable with some national parks.

In recent years the Białowieża Forest, like many areas in Central Europe, has been plagued by a high spruce mortality caused by bark beetles. In managed forests, cutting the infested spruces and removing them from the forest is a standard practice aimed at reducing the growth rate of the bark beetle population. This, however, raises the question of whether we expect the Białowieża Forest to remain a managed forest, in which case the fight against bark beetles would be justified, or whether we want it to be converted into a large national park? In the latter case, cutting trees to fight bark beetles would be inconsistent with the aim of conservation. Recent discussions concerning the Białowieża Forest have been dominated by two different ideologies for nature protection.

The first approach aims at protecting nature to make it sustainable, beautiful and healthy. In the second approach, protecting nature is achieved by removing any direct human influence, even if the resulting natural environment does not meet our expectations.
What is the use of the research carried out on the permanent plots in the Białowieża National Park?
Authors: Bobiec Andrzej
Published: June 2017

The purpose of the strictly protected area of the Białowieża National Park (BNP) established in early 1900s, was to protect a compact block of the Białowieża forest from any direct human influence and activity. Its founders considered it a ‘laboratory of nature’ In 1936, five rectangular plots with a total area of 15.5 ha (ca. 0.3% of the BNP) were set up for regular monitoring of stand development with regards to the initial state and variability of soil conditions. During the first 76 years of the project, a steady increase in the proportion of hornbeam and lime tree at the expense of shade-intolerant species was observed. This trend has been interpreted by the researchers involved in the monitoring of the permanent BNP plots to constitute a biodiversitythreatening development caused by preservation efforts. Such an interpretation has been widely incorporated in the public debate by political authorities and the forestry sector. In this critical article I challenge the major arguments presented by the key expert in silviculture, Prof. B. Brzeziecki. My criticism is directed at the methodological approach as well as at the data interpretation.
Intra-Industry, Intra-Product, and Inter-Product Trade
Authors: Michaely Michael , Wajnryt David
Published: June 2017

The study starts with clarifying the distinction between intra-product and inter-product trade as origins of intra-industry trade. The empirical analysis shows that over the last half century intra-industry trade has strongly intensified, though this trend became less pronounced during the last two decades. Intra-industry trade characterizes the trade flows of Europe distinctly more than of any other major geographical region. It is clearly related to a country’s level of per-capita income; to its size, as measured by aggregate income; to the share of the manufacturing sector in the country’s trade; and, most strongly, to the level of commodity diversification of a country’s trade.
Dual-shale-content method for total organic carbon content evaluation from wireline logs in organic shale
Authors: Nie Xin , Wan Yu , Bie Fan
Published: June 2017

Organic shale is one of the most important unconventional resources all around the world. Total organic carbon (TOC) content is an important evaluation parameter of reservoir hydrocarbon source quality. The regular evaluation methods have higher requirements of well logs and core experiment data for statistical regression. Through analyzing the resistivity and gamma ray logging response characteristics of shale content and organic matters, combined with digital rock physics experiment simulation, we put forward and improve the dual-shale-content method for TOC content logging evaluation. The accuracy of this method is verified by actual data processing. The result shows the dual-shale-content method is simple to use and the error is small. And by comparing with the calculation results by using the
Cathodoluminescence color zonation in the Antarctic meteorite (enstatite chondrite) of Yamato 86004
Authors: Ohgo Syuhei , Mishima Maki , Endo Minoru , Ninagawa Kiyotaka , Nishido Hirotsugu
Published: June 2017

Enstatite in Yamato 86004 classified as EH melt rock shows cathodoluminescence (CL) zonation as arranged in a concentric pattern from within outward blue, light blue, red and non-CL areas (fusion crust). The zonation observed in the meteorite results from different distribution ratio of the enstatite with various CL colors. CL spectra of the enstatite have two broad emission bands at around 400 nm in the blue region and at around 670 nm in a red region. The emission components obtained by a spectral deconvolution can be assigned to three defect centers (2.73, 3.13–3.15 and 3.77 eV) in a blue region and to impurity centers of Cr3+ ion (1.71 eV) and Mn2+ ion (1.86–1.91 eV) in a red region. According to the CL related to structural defects in the enstatite, blue-CL enstatite might be originally formed from the melt by a quenching from the melt on the surface of parent body. The enstatite with light blue and red CL might be thermally altered from blue-CL enstatite with phase transitions during a flash heating when the meteorite passed through the atmosphere. Therefore, the color CL zonation reflects a thermal history recorded in the meteorite.
Cathodoluminescence of synthetic zircon implanted by He+ ion
Authors: Tsuchiya Yuta , Kayama Masahiro , Nishido Hirotsugu , Noumi Yousuke
Published: June 2017

He+ ion implantation at 4.0 MeV, equivalent to energy of α particles from natural radioactive nuclei 238U and 232Th, has been conducted for undoped synthetic zircon. The cathodoluminescence (CL) of implanted samples was measured to clarify the radiation-induced effects. Unimplanted synthetic zircon shows pronounced and multiple blue emission bands between 310 nm and 380 nm, whereas the implanted samples have an intense yellow band at ~550 nm. The blue emission bands can be assigned to intrinsic defect centers formed during crystal growth. The yellow band should be derived from induced-defect centers by He+ ion implantation, which might be related to the metamicitization originated from a self-induced radiation in natural zircon. The yellow band may be separated into two emission components at 1.96 eV and 2.16 eV. The emission component at 2.16 eV is recognized in both unimplanted and implanted samples, and its intensity increases with an increase in the implantation dose. The CL of zircon can be used as the geodosimeter.
Low temperature thermochronology using thermoluminescence signals from K-feldspar
Authors: Tang Shuang-Li , Li Sheng-Hua
Published: June 2017

Thermoluminescence (TL) and isothermal thermoluminescence (ITL) signals from K-feldspar were studied. The signals from K-feldspar have provided multiple thermometers for thermochronological study. Protocols of multiple aliquot (MA) additive-dose (A) and regenerative-dose (R) have been applied and tested for equivalent dose (De) determinations using TL and ITL signals (MAA-TL, MAR-TL, MAA-ITL and MAR-ITL). Single aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol was only applied for De determination using ITL signals (SAR-ITL). A 50–60°C translation of heating temperature was necessary for the ITL De values to agree with TL De values. Based on the experiment results and merits-drawbacks comparison of the five tested protocols, the MAR-TL and SAR-ITL are favorable because of their efficiency and accuracy in De determinations. These two protocols were further applied to the samples from the Nujiang River valley and both explicitly demonstrated the thermal history of the samples. They are suitable for K-feldspar thermochronology study. They, as a parallelism of the previous studies of quartz TL and ITL signals, can provide multiple measures for a rock sample with the same thermal history in geo-thermochronological studies.
q-dual mixed volumes and L

p
-intersection bodies
Authors: Zhao Chang-Jian , Cheung Wing-Sum
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we introduce the new notions of

L
p

{L_{p}}

-intersection and mixed intersection bodies. Inequalities for the q-dual volume sum of

L
p

{L_{p}}

-mixed intersection bodies are
established.
The influence of biomass agitation on biogas and methane production using the high-solids thermophilic anaerobic digestion
Authors: Rusin Jiri , Chamradova Katerina , Grycova Barbora
Published: June 2017

In this study, we tested the high-solids thermophilic anaerobic digestion of separated cattle slurry solids inoculated by liquid digestate collected from the 1st stage of the wet process operated in an agricultural mesophilic biogas plant. The process without batch agitation (stirring) was carried out in a barrel bioreactor located in the incubator, whereas the process with batch agitation was carried out in a rotating drum bioreactor (rotation speed: 0.1 min−1). In both cases, the biomass batch was non-liquid and the content of total solids was 18.8 wt%. The processes were conducted discontinuously without any addition for 21 days. The total solids content of both batches decreased to about 15 wt%, with only slight liquefaction. The bulk density increased from 500 to 750 kg m−3. The highest biogas production was achieved consistently on the 7th day. During the 21-day period, the unagitated batch produced 0.120 mN
3 of biogas, and the agitated batch produced 32.5% extra. The average CH4 content in biogas from the unstirred batch amounted to 47.7 vol.%, and biogas from the stirred batch reached 46.2 vol.%. The cumulative methane production rates from the unagitated and agitated batches were 0.095 and 0.121 mN
3 kgVS
−1, respectively. Thus, the agitation resulted in 28.5% higher methane yield.
Water sorption hysteresis in wood: III physical modeling by molecular simulation
Authors: Shi Jingbo , Avramidis Stavros
Published: June 2017

Molecular simulation has been successfully applied to sorption and hysteresis studies of various nanoporous materials, revealing underlying mechanisms that neither theoretical nor experimental approaches can achieve. In this work, the grand canonical Monte Carlo approach is used in a simplified wood-water system to simulate sorption isotherms and hysteresis at 25°C and 40°C. Wood is represented by a cell wall model composed of a solid substance and evenly distributed independent cylindrical nanopores with diameters in the range of 0.6–2.2 nm. Polysaccharides and lignin pore-wall compositions are considered. Hydroxyl groups are modeled as negative energy pits attached to walls and water is represented by the extended simple point charge model. Capillary condensation in the wide hygroscopic range and metastable states are well demonstrated in the simulations, thus supporting the independent domain model discussed in the first paper of this series. The size of simulated hysteresis loops increases with pore size, less hydrophilic lignin composition and reduced temperature. The trends shown by the model are consistent with experimental findings. The larger hysteresis can be explained by more metastable states due to weaker wall-water interaction or smaller thermal fluctuation.
Metal-Chloride-Activated Empty Fruit-Bunch Carbons for Rhodamine B Removal
Authors: Zaini Muhammad Abbas Ahmad , Shaid Mohd Shafiq Mohd
Published: June 2017

This study aimed to investigate the adsorptive ability of activated carbons derived from empty boil palm fruitbunch carbons through metal-chloride activation. The derived activated carbons were characterized in terms of yield, pH, surface functional groups, and specific surface area. Rhodamine B dye was used as a pollutant probe to evaluate the performance of activated carbons. Results show that empty, ZnCl2-activated fruit-bunch carbon exhibits a higher surface area of 866 m2 g-1 and a Rhodamine B removal yield of 105 mg g-1. Activation at the same temperature of 600 °C using the recovered FeCl2 yields an activated carbon with nearly twice the surface area compared to the fresh one. A direct correlation was obtained between the roles of the specific surface area and removal of Rhodamine B. Empty fruit-bunch carbon is a promising adsorbent precursor for colour removal from water.
A Novel Process for Joining Ti Alloy and Al Alloy using Two-Stage Sintering Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Long Luping , Liu Wensheng , Ma Yunzhu , Wu Lei , Liu Chao
Published: June 2017

The major challenges for conventional diffusion bonding of joining Ti alloy and Al alloy are the undesirable interfacial reaction, low matrixes and joint strength. To avoid the problem in diffusion bonding, a novel two-stage sintering powder metallurgy process is developed. In the present work, the interface characterization and joint performance of the bonds obtained by powder metallurgy bonding are investigated and are compared with the diffusion bonded Ti/Al joints obtained with the same and the optimized process parameters. The results show that no intermetallic compound is visible in the Ti/Al joint obtained by powder metallurgy bonding, while a new layer formed at the joint diffusion bonded with the same parameters. The maximum tensile strength of joint obtained by diffusion bonding is 58 MPa, while a higher tensile strength reaching 111 MPa for a bond made by powder metallurgy bonding. Brittle fractures occur at all the bonds. It is shown that the powder metallurgy bonding of Ti/Al is better than diffusion bonding. The results of this study should benefit the bonding quality.
Modeling and Finite Element Analysis for the Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-1Zr Near β Titanium Alloy During Hot Deformation
Authors: Lv Ya-ping , Li Shao-jun , Zhang Xiao-yong , Li Zhi-you , Zhou Ke-chao
Published: June 2017

Evolution for the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) volume fraction of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-1Zr near β titanium alloy during hot deformation was characterized by using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation. To determine the equation parameters, a series of thermal simulation experiments at the temperature of 1023–1098 K and strain rate of 0.001–1 s‒1 to the true strain of 0.7 were conducted to obtain the essential data about stress σ and strain ε. By further transforming the relationship of σ versus ε into the relationship of strain hardening rate dσ/dε versus σ, two characteristic strains at the beginning of DRX (critical strain εc) and at the peak stress (peak strain εp) were identified from the dσ/dε-σ curves. Sequentially, the parameters in the JMAK equation were determined from the linear fitting of the different relationships among critical strain εc, peak strain εp and deformation conditions (including temperature T, strain rate $\dot \varepsilon $ and strain ε). The as-obtained JMAK equation was expressed as XDRX=1-exp[-0.0053((ε-εc)/εc)2.1], where εc=0.6053εp and εp=0.0031$\dot \varepsilon $0.0081exp(28,781/RT). Finally, the JMAK equation was implanted into finite element program to simulate the hot compression of thermal simulation experiments. The simulation predictions and experimental results about the DRX volume fraction distribution showed a good consistency.
Association of FOXP3 Gene Polymorphism with Chronic Hepatitis B in Chinese Population
Authors: Chen Yan-hui , Zhang Heng-hui , Wang Yan , Xie Xing-wang , Fei Ran , Wang Xue-yan , Wei Lai , Chen Hong-song
Published: June 2017

Objective The forkhead transcription factor FOXP3 is a key molecular which can mediate regulatory T cells immune-related inhibitory functions. Increased levels of FOXP3-positive Tregs in peripheral blood have been proved to be associated with a less favorable prognosis in various inflammatory diseases. It is of great interest to investigate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of FOXP3 gene and the susceptibility of chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Methods Two SNPs rs2280883 and rs3761549 of FOXP3 gene in 285 patients with CHB and 295 matched controls were analyzed by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF).

Results At rs2280883, there were no significant differences in the distribution of C and T alleles between CHB donors and healthy donors, but at rs3761549, C allele was associated with CHB (P = 0.001). Compared with healthy controls, patients with CHB had high frequencies of TT genotype (73.7%) at rs2280883 or CC genotype (73.6%) at rs3761549 of FOXP3 gene. Patients who carried rs2280883 CC genotype [OR 1.744 (95% CI 1.068 - 2.848), P = 0.011] or rs3761549 CC genotype [OR 1.633 (95% CI 1.146 - 2.327), P = 0.0001] had higher risk of suffering from CHB. Stratified analysis showed that rs3761549 CC genotype was significantly associated with high incidence of HBeAg (P = 0.019).

Conclusions These results suggested that FOXP3 gene polymorphism at rs2280883 and rs3761549 might be associated with the increased susceptibility to CHB.
Estimation and Projection of HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Treatment Demand in Beijing and Hunan Province with Spectrum
Authors: Ma Ning , Liu Min , Zheng Min , Chen Xi , Lu Hong-yan , Chen Hong-guang , Zheng Jun , Li Gui-ying , Wang Juan , Liu Guo-wu , Wang Ning
Published: June 2017

Objective To estimate the HIV/AIDS epidemic and treatment demand and predict the situation in the next five years with Spectrum.

Methods Using Spectrum (version:3.54) to estimate the number of new HIV infections, number of people living with HIV, need for ART in adults and children, need for PMTCT and cotrimoxazole in Beijing and Hunan Province. Data used in the model including high-risk populations monitoring data and demographic information, was collected from Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention and extracted from statistical yearbooks and published literatures.

Results Few new HIV/AIDS were reported in Beijing prior to 1994, however, the number of HIV infections was increasing rapidly from 1995 to 2008, and decreased after that, increased rapidly again after 2012. The number of patients who need antiretroviral treatment was increasing among the group aged between 15-49 years with young patients aged 15-24 years peaked in 2010 and decreased rapidly after that. Few HIV-infected patients were reported before 1997 in Hunan Province, and the number of new infections was increasing rapidly since 1998. The number of patients who need antiretroviral treatment was increasing among the group aged between 15 - 49 years since 2000 with young patients aged 15-24 years in need of antiretroviral therapy increasing continuously.

Conclusions After HIV infection was first founded in Beijing and Hunan Province, there was a slow growth and then a rapid growth of HIV epidemic. According to prediction of Spectrum, the demand for antiretroviral therapy in Beijing would begin to decline since 2011, meanwhile, the HIV epidemic in Hunan Province would enter a rapid growth period with the demand for antiviral therapy continuing to increase. In this study, Spectrum was applied to estimate the HIV epidemic situation and need for treatment in the next five years in Beijing and Hunan Province. It provides the basis for health resource allocation and policy formulation of HIV management.
Blood Purification for Severe Hepatitis in Vivo and Vitro
Authors: Luo Ming , Zhang Xian-jun , Cao Wu-kui
Published: June 2017

Exterior and interior blood purification (EIBP) refers to the combined therapy of interior blood purification (IBP) and exterior blood purification (EBP) for severe hepatitis. For one thing, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy should be applied in IBP to reduce and prevent the generation and absorption of harmful substances in vivo. For another, EBP such as the artificial liver support system (ALSS) can extract blood from the body and various kinds of existing harmful substances in the blood can be cleared in vitro, using the treatment of plasma exchange, plasma perfusion, plasma adsorption, hemofiltration, hemodialysis. Therefore, IBP should be cooperated with EBP for the treatment of severe hepatitis, and EIBP can prevent the deterioration of this disease and lower the mortality of patients.