bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus availability as affected by the application of organic amendments in Ultisols
Authors: Muktamar Zainal , Lifia Lifia , Adiprasetyo Teguh
Published: July 2020

The adequacy and availability of phosphorous (P) in the soil during the organic matter decomposition are important for plant growth, especially in the early stages since most organic matter slowly release plant nutrients. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the availability of P during organic amendments in Ultisols. The incubation experiment used a completely Randomized Design (CRD) for 7 treatments which consisted of vermicompost, chicken, and cattle manure at the rate of 15 and 30 Mg ha-1. Soil and organic amendments were incorporated into a 5 kg polybag and the mixture was incubated for 7 weeks. The soil was sampled at the 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 weeks, and analyzed for P availability and pH. Also, the Total Soil Organic Carbon (TSOC), Total Soil Nitrogen (TSN), exchangeable Al, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) were analyzed from the soil sampled either at week 4 or 7. The result showed that P increased slowly in the first 3 weeks of incubation, followed by a drastic continuous increase in week 4. The experiment also confirmed that chicken manure released the highest and fastest amount of P to the soil as compared to vermicompost, and cattle manure. On average, the increment of P was 2.28, 1.71, and 1.97 mg kg-1 week-1 for chicken manure, vermicompost, and cattle manure respectively. Furthermore, the improvement of soil chemical properties was achieved using amendment as indicated by the increase in TSN, soil pH, and a decrease in exchangeable Al. The result was significant for P organic fertilization to ensure its availability for plant growth, leading to improved productivity, especially in organic farming systems.
Comparing the accuracy of estimating soil moisture using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)
Authors: Ariyanto Dwi Priyo , Aziz Abdul , Komariah Komariah , Sumani Sumani , Abara Magarsa
Published: July 2020

The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) are used to monitor and identify different types of drought, including meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural droughts. This study evaluates the accuracy of estimating soil moisture levels using the two indexes. The analysis correlated the SPI and the SPEI over three years (November 2016–October 2019) using Rstudio, with average monthly soil moisture taken using a Soil Moisture Sensor; 3-, 6- and 12-months SPI and SPEI showed a positive correlation for soil moisture (Sig <0.05), whereas 1-month SPI and SPEI results did not.  A regression test was used to get an equation model for estimating soil moisture content. The correlation for soil moisture between the 1-month SPI and SPEI results was insignificant (p-value >0.05). In contrast, the 3-, 6-, and 12-months indexes were significant (p-value <0.05). Estimating soil moisture content using the SPEI (50–59.09%) had a higher accuracy value than the SPI (36.36%), which indicates the SPEI can more reliably predict soil moisture.
Agriculture versus climate change – A narrow staple-based rural livelihood of Papua New Guinea is a threat to survival under climate change
Authors: Michael Patrick S.
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a synthesis related to the assessment of climate change and its impacts on productivity of staple crops in Papua New Guinea (PNG), paying close attention to the change in population in the next 80 years. As much as the changes in the climatic and environmental factors will affect agriculture, evidence available in the literature show increase in global and local population will put additional pressure on agriculture by competing with available land and other resources that support agricultural productivity. The developing and underdeveloped countries are considered to be largely vulnerable as more than 85% of the people depend on subsistence agriculture for rural livelihood. This synthesis showed more than 60–85% of the rural people in PNG depend on sweet potato, banana, Colocasia taro, and greater yam. Projection of the population showed there will be 22–31 million people by 2100 and will depend on narrow staple-based subsistence agriculture. The population projected means the density will be 42 people per km2, putting more pressure on limited land available. When that happens, PNG will not be prepared to mitigate, be resilient and adapt because of poor infrastructure, no development plans and lack of post-harvest technologies for loss management of the staples, most of which are root and tuber crops.
Soil properties and shallot yield responses to different salinity levels
Authors: Syamsiah Jauhari , Rahayu Rahayu , Binafsihi Wily
Published: July 2020

Successful management of saline water could have significant potential for agricultural development in many areas, particularly in freshwater-scarce regions. To date, the effect of salinity on shallot (Allium Cepa L.) yield and growth parameters has not been studied in detail specifically for local varieties cultivated in Inceptisols. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of different levels of irrigation-water salinity (0, 1, 2, and 3 dSm-1) on soil chemical properties, the growth, and yield of local shallot varieties. The experiment was conducted in pots using a randomized plot design with two factors and three replications. The results showed that increases in salinity level affected increases soil pH, exchangeable Na percentages, and plant height growth. Nevertheless, bulb number and weight, soil exchangeable Ca and Mg, soil organic carbon, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was not significantly affected. The findings of the present study suggest that the local varieties—Brebes and Purbalingga—with irrigated salinity levels up to 3 dSm-1can be tolerated for shallot cultivation in Inceptisols.
Konstruksi Karakter Jujur melalui Integrasi Pendidikan Nilai dalam Kegiatan Relasi Stakeholder di SMA PGII I Bandung
Authors: Juami Ratna
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh semangat penguatan Pendidikan Karakter di lingkungan Sekolah Menengah Umum dan Madrasah Aliyah secara khusus dan lingkungan Pendidikan Formal secara umum. Degradasi moral menjadi problem utama bagi generasi muda di Indonesia terlebih lagi prilaku para pejabat public yang masih memperlihatkan trend negative prilaku korupsi yang mencerminkan sifat yang tidak amanah. Ketidakamanahan mencerminkan lemahnya pemaknaan logika relijius individu. Penelitian ini akan membongkar tahapan konstruksi karakter jujur melalui pembelajaran bahasa asing dan urgensitas peran orang tua dalam mewujudkan hal tersebut.  Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dan metode deskriptif-analitik. Data diperoleh melalui tahapan wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil triangulasi data signifikasi relasi emosional sangat berpengaruh terhadap konstruksi karakter jujur yang dikaji melalui paradigma psikoanalisis freud.
Sufi Healing dan Neurosains Spiritual bagi Pasien Skizofrenia di Yayasan Jalmah Sehat Desa Bulungkulon, Kudus
Authors: Adlina Atika Ulfia , Nadhifah Ummi
Published: July 2020

This article aims to provide readers with an understanding of how the application of Sufi healing for Schizophrenia patients at the Bulungkulon Health Foundation Jalmah, Kudus. Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder with distinctive distortions in one's cognitive processes. Sufistic therapy (Sufi Healing) is used by managers of the Healthy Foundation to treat patients with schizophrenia. Sufi healing or so-called sufistic therapy for treatment and healing of physical, mental, or psychiatric, spiritual or spiritual ailments with the framework of Sufism. Data in the form of an overview of the patient's condition and the practice of sufistic therapy were collected from the informant through interviews and observations. The data was then coded and analysed using Sufi healing theories and the neuroscience theory of spirituality as its reinforcement. The results of these findings are that sufistic therapy used is adjusted to the condition of schizophrenic patients. Ruqyah therapy is used when patients experience hallucinations while prayer therapy, prayer, ablution are used when patients experience anxiety. Prayer therapy in congregation and several other sufistic therapies are also used as daily treatment. The patient's recovery depends on the degree of illness and the consistency of treatment. In addition, spiritual enhancement after a patient is declared cured is also part of the steps emphasized by the Foundation's management.
Peran Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique dalam Penanganan Nosocomephobia
Authors: Cahyandari Rinova
Published: July 2020

The Role of Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique in Handling Nosocomephobia. This article aims to find out how the role of SEFT in dealing with psychiatric conditions, namely in cases of anxiety disorders, especially in hospital anxiety (nosocomephobia). Nosocomephobia can be defined as excessive fear associated with hospitals. Efforts to manage nosocomephobia become very important to do because in general patients with nosocomepobia will refuse to go to the hospital and as a result, adverse effects include the risk of death. The data collection in this article was obtained through the subject's statement regarding judgments related to anxiety that arises. Analysis of the data in this article is done by comparing the level of anxiety before and after therapy. The result showed a decrease in judgment related to the condition of perceived anxiety. The success of SEFT in reducing anxiety can be influenced by the existence of faith, solemnity, sincerity, resignation, and grateful to Allah Swt.
Studi Dramaturgi Presentasi Diri Da’i Migran di Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Thadi Robeet
Published: July 2020

This paper aims at descriptively revealing the impression management regarding self-presentation of da’i migran (migrant preachers) in Bengkulu that includes: front stage and back stage within the communication process of everyday social life. This research applies qualitative approach within the tradition of dramaturgy. Data were collected through observation, interview and documentation. Findings reveal that the life of migrant preachers that occur in the front stages are very different with those that happened in the back stages. When he/she is in his/her front stages, a migrant preacher is required to act in a distinct manner to match his/her role such as exemplary role, polite in speaking, appropriate and proper in dressings, and live a humble life. In his/her back stage, a migrant preacher is free from such norms since there are no one to watch him/her. Here, a migrant preacher can live his/her take off his/her social mask and can life more authentically because without having to follow the instructions as she/he has to do in the front stage. Keywords: Da'wah activities, dramaturgy, migrant preachers and self-presentation
Archaeological Survey Investigations of Private Land within the boundaries of the proposed Lower Bois d’Arc Creek Reservoir Project, Fannin County, Texas
Authors: Perttula Timothy K. , Walters Mark , Nelson Rodney J. , Cheatwood Gary W.
Published: July 2020

At the request of a private landowner that has property within the boundaries of the proposed Lower Bois d’Arc Creek Reservoir in Fannin County, we completed volunteer archaeological survey investigations on a portion of this tract of private land on July 18, 2015. The proposed Lower Bois d’Arc Creek Reservoir is to be more than 16,500 acres in size; the project sponsor is the North Texas Municipal Water District, and the Tulsa District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is currently reviewing the project sponsor’s application for a Department of the Army permit under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act to construct the reservoir and associated facilities.

Although the project area associated with the proposed reservoir is more than 17,000 acres, only 5,000 acres of the proposed project have received an archaeological survey. Based on consultation between the project sponsor, the Texas Historical Commission, and the Tulsa District, the remainder of the project area will apparently not receive archaeological survey investigations. The private lands we have investigated along Bois d’Arc Creek in the proposed reservoir area have not been examined previously by a professional archaeological survey team; these lands will be inundated by the flood pool of the reservoir as currently proposed. The landowner had contacted the Tulsa District in 2008 to inform them that there were archaeological sites on the property, but the Tulsa District has yet to follow up on that information.
Plant Remains from the Washington Square Mound site (41NA49), Nacogdoches, Texas
Authors: Bush Leslie L.
Published: July 2020

Botanical remains were identified from 27 lots from the Washington Square Mound site (41NA49). The primary occupation at the site is Middle Caddo period in age. The first pooled set of calibrated radiocarbon dates from the site fell into the period A.D. 1268-1302, while a recent set of five calibrated dates from samples of plant remains discussed in this article range from A.D. 1279 + 17; (2) A.D. 1358 + 57; and three dates on charred corn from Features 36, 81, and 86 range from as early as A.D. 1394 to as late as A.D. 1437. These dates as a group fall in the Middle Caddo period; there is limited evidence at the site for other, smaller occupations, including Late Caddo and Late Woodland/Early Caddo. At least three mounds were visible in the nineteenth century. Much of the site was never plowed, a situation that has resulted in intact shallow deposits and unusually large pottery sherds, although a high school has been built over parts of the non-mound site area. Labels of botanical lots that included excavation dates indicate a range from 1979 to 1983, associating the botanical remains with Stephen F. Austin State University Field School excavations that took place during this time. At least nine features are represented in the botanical lots. Four are described as charcoal-filled pits, one as a pit, and one as a post mold. Feature 36 was a corn cob concentration . Botanical lots for Features 62, 81, and 199 are also present. The Washington Square Mound site is situated in the city of Nacogdoches, Texas, on an interfluve between Banita Creek and La Nana Creek, which drain into La Nana Bayou and the Angelina River. The area lies squarely in the Pineywoods ecological zone, the westernmost extension of the great Southeastern Evergreen Forest that reaches across the southeastern United States to the Atlantic coast (Braun 2001:281). The dominant vegetation type in an upland area such as Washington Square during presettlement times would have been a shortleaf pine community, where shortleaf pines (Pinus echinata) share dominance with dry-site oaks such as southern red oak (Quercus falcata), post oak (Q. stellata), and blackjack oak (Q. marilandica), hickories (Carya spp.), and elms (Ulmus spp.) Springs and marshy areas nearby would have offered aquatic and wetland plants such as river cane (Arundinaria gigantea). A spring-fed pond is reported to have existed north of the site, and a marshy area to the southwest. Pollen studies indicate that use of the modern and recent vegetation is appropriate for understanding the plants and attendant animal resources available to occupants of the sites during prehistoric times. Some fluctuations in rainfall and temperature have taken place, however. In addition, more frequent fires would have made the understory in the uplands less prominent than today. Early explorers in East Texas and other parts of the Eastern Woodlands noted the open, park-like nature of many woodlands.
Legal analysis of polyamorous relationships based on the brazilian film “Eu, tu, eles”
Authors: Xerez Rafael Marcílio , Rocha Katarina Karol Brazil de Melo
Published: July 2020

The present study analyzes polyamorous relationships and their implications for Law. Different loving and affective practices exist, some of them are sometimes experienced by multiple people at the same time, which breaks with the traditional idea of monogamy as the only relationship identity that is able to constitute families. This occurs, on the one hand, due to largely accepted social and cultural values. On the other hand, the phenomenon of monogamy is further strengthened because the State grants protection mainly to traditional forms of family. However, society begins to resignify such unions, which puts into question the traditional legislation. From the methodological point of view, this research has a qualitative character, with bibliographical and documentary sources, based mainly on the Brazilian film “Eu tu eles” as reference. On the theoretical level, the paper is based on arguments from the Brazilian Constitutional Civil Law. Based on the material analyzed, it is concluded that there is an effective possibility of extending family rights to new arrangements, the main reason being to consider affectivity as the norm, since monogamy is only a historically established value in Brazilian society.
Denotação e evocação: para uma melografia jurídica
Authors: Cabra Apalategui José Manuel
Published: July 2020

Nos últimos tempos, temos assistido à projeção da metodologia e das categorias epistemológicas do movimento Law & Literature às demais artes e às humanidades. Este artigo oferece uma aproximação à relação entre direito e música em dois movimentos: primeiro, através da análise da taxonomia categorial herdada das abordagens literárias do direito (direito da música, direito na música e direito como música); e, segundo, um enfoque sincrônico para abordar dois aspectos da interpretação que o discurso da modernidade coloca no centro da questão: a autenticidade da interpretação e a normatividade dos textos que dela são o objeto.
“Bioshock Infinite” and the phenomenon of legitimate violence: an analysis based on the contributions by Hannah Arendt
Authors: Vital Victor José Guedes , Cardoso Fernando da Silva
Published: July 2020

This research aims at contributing to the understanding of the contemporary “legitimate violence” phenomenon. For this, the paper presents the analysis of the fictional work “BioShock Infinite” through the philosophy of Hannah Arendt, considering the link between Law and art forms. The methodology employed is that of a bibliographic research, based on Gilbert Durand’s mythocritique, which aims at revealing the imagistic meanings behind art. It resulted in the advancement in understanding the symbology behind the name Columbia, the different forms of manifestation of tyranny and the role of the founding fathers as ancestors for American society. In addition, it resulted in a better perception of how the artistic work symbolizes the erosion of freedom in tyrannical regimes, of how propaganda is an essential tool for lying in politics, of how violence is the weapon of a government without authority, and of how the privileged citizens tolerate the oppression of the less favored people due to the banality of evil, depersonifying them. Finally, it culminates in the idea that necessity operates as one of the worst types of violence and that civil disobedience is the true form of legitimate violence.
Relações entre arte e direito: exemplos de arte em processos de protesto, memória e reparação
Authors: Parra Cortés Lina Victoria
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo são apresentados alguns exemplos das relações entre arte e direito, e como algumas expressões ultrapassam os fins estéticos para relacionar-se com processos coletivos de protesto e construção da memória. Ao final, são oferecidas algumas reflexões sobre os desafios que surgem para os Estados no cumprimento de suas obrigações de reparação simbólica e a possibilidade de fazê-lo por meio de expressões artísticas, como, por exemplo, de esculturas.
Matar um albatroz: a propósito da antijuridicidade dos atentados contra ecovítimas
Authors: Moreno Herrera Myriam
Published: July 2020

Este ensaio é sobre a célebre "A balada do velho marinheiro" de Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1898), uma obra romântica que incorpora poeticamente o primeiro programa ambientalista que a literatura já ofereceu. Portanto, com a ajuda do mundo espiritual de Coleridge e de suas narrativas meta-ficcionais, esta pesquisa visa a penetrar no núcleo dos crimes contra o meio ambiente. Atualmente, uma crescente complexidade jurídica aprisiona o meio ambiente em uma rede normativa densa que pode estar impedindo a completa compreensão das perdas globais experimentadas em casos de ecovitimação e dos abusos que estão em jogo nessas situações. Sob tais circunstâncias, propõe-se uma revisão da impressionante obra-prima de Coleridge, aplicando o método narrativo emergente no marco da Vitimologia Narrativa, disciplina que se ocupa do relato cultural da vitimação e suas consequências.
Canon vs. Cannon: a desmontagem Müller
Authors: Trujillo-Silva Joaquín Mateo
Published: July 2020

O artigo propõe que a intertextualidade dos materiais em “Die Hamletmaschine” possa ser lida a partir de diferentes máquinas (ou maquinações) presentes em “Hamlet” e que são desmontadas na peça pós-dramática de Heiner Müller. Assim, a própria história e o teatro mesmo, isto é, o significado final de um dramaturgo politicamente engajado, passam por esse procedimento de desmontagem, ao qual, no fundo, é o do próprio príncipe na peça de Shakespeare. Como dramaturgo, por sua vez, o príncipe é um programador, um legislador, um escritor de constituições, um escritor tensionado pela política contemporânea.
Werther and the (putative) power of literature
Authors: Shecaira Fábio Perin
Published: July 2020

Friends of literature often claim that it is capable of making readers more tolerant and benevolent. Enemies of literature, on the other hand, claim that it is capable of corrupting readers. Both groups exaggerate the power of literature. The exaggeration has important consequences for the debate about the role of literature in the curriculum of law schools and also for the debate about the limits of literary expression. This paper discusses one literary work frequently used to exemplify the negative effects of literature: Goethe’s “The sorrows of young Werther”. It is a commonplace among literary scholars that the publication of the book caused numerous suicides in eighteenth-century Europe. This paper raises doubts about that commonplace by emphasizing the lack of evidence to support it as well as the gravity of its political implications.
Law and literature: a misunderstood relation? The criticism of Richard Posner and Robert Weisberg to the law in literature movement
Authors: Oliveira Amanda Muniz
Published: July 2020

The law and literature movement, started in 1973 in the United States with the release of “The Legal Imagination”, by James Boyd White, had as its main objective to reach the humanization of jurists. Although it caught the attention of several authors and spread to different countries, the initial stage of the movement, also known as law in literature, was not immune to criticism. Thus, this article, via bibliographic research, aims at presenting the criticism by Richard Posner, who mainly questions the premise that literature can humanize the jurist. Also, this paper analyzes the production by Robert Weisberg, who sees in the area an overly-romanticized view of literature. Knowing such criticism is crucial to think about the past, present and future of the movement, searching for the right answers it demands.
On the ethical responsible act, polyphony, and the aesthetic perspective in the bakhtinian view: approaches with the law
Authors: Axt Margarete , Axt Dieter
Published: July 2020

This article is based on the philosophical thought of M. Bakhtin. It thus elaborates the dimensions of the philosophy of the ethical responsible act, and the construct of polyphony, the latter extracted by the author from the works by Fyodor Dostoevsky. It also aims at questioning possible approaches of the Law with the Bakhtinian literary studies and language philosophy, highlighting the perspective of the event and its aesthetical objectification. Hence, it proposes to establish an initial dialogue that can contribute to the overcoming of both subjectivist and objectivist postures in the juridical interpretation, which are still dominant in the traditional imaginary and the daily practice of Law in Brazil.
The role of narrativity in Ronald Dworkin’s legal theory: is there a narrative theory in “How law is like literature”?
Authors: Magalhães Filho Gilberto , Matos Saulo Monteiro Martinho de
Published: July 2020

This paper has the purpose of assessing the role of narrativity in Ronald Dworkin’s theory of law. The research question is to know whether Dworkin’s theory of law can be considered a narrative theory of law. By narrative theory, we mean a theory that is based on a heuristic characterization of plots, narrative genres, characters etc. Dworkin introduces six theses in order to link literature and law, in his classic “How law is like literature”: (1) law, as a practice of identifying valid legal propositions, can be better understood when compared to the practice of literature (synechist methodology thesis); (2) the compression of the practice of law always involves a descriptive and valuative dimension (normative theory thesis); (3) every judgment about art presupposes a theory about what art is (aesthetical hypothesis); (4) every judgment about valid legal propositions presupposes the determination of what law is (political hypothesis); (5) the political hypothesis of law depends on understanding the intentionality of the political community (chain novel); and (6) The chain novel depends on understanding the institutional history of the political community (institutional history thesis). This paper’s conclusion is that Dworkin’s theory must be seen as a narrative theory, and that without such narrative aspect, his theory would simply be a legal naturalistic theory, since the purpose or value of the law would thus become absolute.
“This strange institution called literature” and the law
Authors: Ribeiro Fernando Armando
Published: July 2020

This paper analyzes, in a punctual and problematic way, the famous article by Jacques Derrida titled “This Strange Institution Called Literature”, with aims of finding possible implications for law and legal thinking. Based on Derrida’s ideas, we attempt to map the fundamental aspects of the Law and Literature approach, as well as its meaning regarding philosophy. By studying Derrida, however, we do not hinder the dialogue with other thinkers, who may have influenced him as well as opened up the possibility for disagreeing in substantial matters, such as the supposed possibility of literature to “say everything”. Thus, the non-institutionality of literature and its intrinsic democratic power are hereby explored as fundamental elements to see this approach as more than casual. With its invaluable capacity of raising questions, literature is a powerful rival to totalitarian regimes and a strong democracy fosterer. Furthermore, with the aesthetic pleasure granted by its narratives, literature also has a deconstruction trait, and it shields us against the ever-present risks of decisionism.
Literature as a human right
Authors: Silva Carolina Reis Theodoro da , Peruzzo Pedro Pulzatto
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this paper is to approach literature as a human right, by analyzing its capability of humanizing the individual and emancipating the subjects, which allows the human being to fully exist. To do so, the analysis is made from both literature’s scientific and artistic production, especially based on the research by Antonio Candido, in order to assess to what extent can literature influence the individuals. Firstly, we approach the personal aspect, due to literature’s humanizing character; Secondly, the psychological aspect, analyzing the role literature plays in the sublimation of drives, and, lastly, the social aspect, seen in its emancipatory potentiality. Finally, we develop the relation between the right to literature, the right to education and the right to culture. Thus, we seek to emphasize the importance of literature for people to live worthily and completely, precisely because it grants to the human being some of their humanity, which makes undeniable that literature is a human right.
Vaccine uptake and associated factors in an irregular urban settlement in northeastern Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Veras Ana Amélia Corrêa de Araújo , Lima Eduardo Jorge da Fonseca , Caminha Maria de Fátima Costa , Silva Suzana Lins da , de Castro Amanda Alves Moreira , Bernardo Andressa Lílian Bezerra , Ventura Maria Lídia Amaral Barbosa , de Lira Pedro Israel Cabral , Filho Malaquias Batista
Published: July 2020

Background: Globally, childhood immunization saves the lives of 2-3 million children annually by protecting them against vaccine-preventable diseases. In 2017, 116.2 million children were vaccinated worldwide according to the World Health Organization. Nevertheless, figures suggest that 19.5 million children around the world fail to receive the benefits of complete immunization.Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed vaccine uptake and the factors associated with incomplete vaccination schedule in children of up to 36 months of age assisted by the family health strategy in an irregular settlement located in a state capital city in northeastern Brazil. This study was nested within a larger study entitled “Health, nutrition and healthcare services in an urban slum population in Recife, Pernambuco”, conducted in 2015. A census included 309 children, with vaccination data obtained, exclusively, from their vaccination cards records. An ad hoc database was constructed with variables of interest. Absolute and relative values were calculated for the socioeconomic, demographic, obstetric and biological data. To identify possible factors associated with incomplete vaccination schedule, crude and multivariable Poisson regression analyses were performed, and conducted in accordance with the forward selection method with robust variance and the adjusted prevalence ratio was calculated with the 95% CI. Variables with p-values <0.20 in the unadjusted stage were included in the multivariable analysis. The statistical significance of each variable was evaluated using the Wald test, with p-values <0.05. Results: Just half of the children (52,1%) was classified as complete vaccination schedule. In the final model, the factors associated with incomplete vaccination schedule were age 12-36 months and the mother who did not complete high school.Conclusion: The percentage of vaccine uptake found was far below the recommendation of the National Childhood Immunization Schedule and was associated with child’s age and mother’s education level. Based on these findings, the family healthcare teams may elaborate vaccination strategies aimed at reaching the coverage rates established by the national immunization program. Optimizing coverage will ultimately prevent the resurgence, at epidemic level, of infectious diseases that are already under control in this country.
Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia in Chinese pregnant women (IRON WOMEN): a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Tan Jing , He Guolin , Qi Yana , Yang Hongmei , Xiong Yiquan , Liu Chunrong , Wang Wen , Zou Kang , Lee Andy H. , Sun Xin , Liu Xinghui
Published: July 2020

Background: The current evidence about anemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy remains elusive in China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of anemia and IDA and their risk factors in Chinese pregnant women.Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey of pregnant women was conducted during their antenatal visits. Using a multi-stage sampling method, 24 hospitals from 16 provinces across China were selected. Structured questionnaires were administered to collect information from participants and to extract clinical data from electronic medical records. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were performed to determine the risk factors associated with anemia and IDA.Results: In total, 12,403 pregnant women were enrolled, including 1,018 (8.2%) at the first trimester, 3,487 (28.1%) at the second, and 7,898 (63.7%) at the third. Overall, 19.8% of women were diagnosed with anemia and 13.9% were diagnosed with IDA. The prevalence of anemia and IDA varied between regions and increased by gestational month, peaking at the eighth gestational month (24.0% for anemia and 17.8% for IDA). Pregnant women at advanced stage of gestation, non-local residents, multiple gestations, multiparity, pre-pregnancy underweight, and those experiencing severe nausea or vomiting during pregnancy, were associated with higher risks of anemia and IDA.Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia and IDA during pregnancy are similar to those from developed countries and vary across regions in China.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of fruquintinib for metastatic colorectal cancer third-line treatment in China
Authors: Peng Zhi , Hou Xingduo , Huang Yangmu , Xie Tong , Hua Xinyang
Published: July 2020

Background: In this study, we analyze the cost-effectiveness of fruquintinib as third-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in China, especially after a recent price drop suggested by the National Healthcare Security Administration. Methods: A Markov model was developed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of fruquintinib compared to placebo among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Effectiveness was measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALY). The Chinese healthcare payer’s perspective was considered with a lifetime horizon, including direct medical cost (2019 US dollars [USD]). A willing‐to‐pay threshold was set at USD 27,130/QALY, which is three times the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. We examined the robustness of the model in one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.Results: Fruquintinib was associated with better health outcomes than placebo (0.640 vs 0.478 QALYs) with a higher cost (USD 20750.9 vs USD 12042.2), resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of USD 53508.7 per QALY. This ICER is 25% lower than the one calculated before the price drop (USD 70952.6 per QALY).Conclusion: After the price negotiation, the drug becomes cheaper and the ICER is lower, but the drug is still not cost effective under the standard of 3 times GDP willing‐to‐pay threshold. For patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in China, fruquintinib is not a cost-effective option under the current circumstances in China.
5-Hydroxytryptamine-3 Receptor Antagonist and Dexamethasone as Prophylaxis for Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting during Moderately Emetic Chemotherapy for Solid Tumors: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Matsui Reiko , Suzuki Kenichi , Takiguchi Tomomi , Nishio Makoto , Koike Takeshi , Hayashi Toshinobu , Seto Takashi , Kogure Yuki , Nogami Naoyuki , Fujiwara Kimiko , Kaneda Hiroyasu , Harada Tomohiko , Shimizu Satoru , Kimura Masashi , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Goto Koichi
Published: July 2020

Background: Of patients receiving moderate emetic risk chemotherapy (MEC), 30%–90% experience chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV); however, the optimal antiemetic treatment remains controversial. Methods: In this multicenter, prospective, observational study of adults treated with MEC while receiving chemotherapy for various cancer types in Japan, the enrolled patients kept diaries documenting CINV. All participants received a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist and dexamethasone. Results: Of the 400 patients enrolled from May 2013 to January 2015, 386 were eligible for evaluation. The median age was 64 (range, 26–84). The overall complete response (CR; no emetic events and no antiemetic measures) rate was 64%. The proportion of patients showing CR was low in the carboplatin (CBDCA)- and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy groups, especially among women. We showed that the CR rates in men were high in the CBDCA (AUC5) + etoposide (ETP) (80%), capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CAPOX) (78%), and CBDCA+ paclitaxel (PTX) groups for lung cancer (73%). Total control (TC; no emetic events, no antiemetic measures, and no nausea) and complete control (CC; no emetic events, no antiemetic measures, and less than mild nausea) were achieved in 51% and 61% of patients, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that no history of motion sickness, no history of pregnancy-associated vomiting, and non-CBDCA-based chemotherapy are independent risk factors for CR, whereas no history of motion sickness and no history of pregnancy-associated vomiting are independent risk factors for TC. Conclusion: Our data showed that two antiemetics were insufficient to control CINV in patients receiving CBDCA- or oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. However, two antiemetics may be sufficiently effective for elderly male patients receiving CBDCA (AUC5)+ETP, CBDCA+PTX for lung cancer, or CAPOX. Additionally, we consider that three antiemetics are necessary for women with colorectal cancer receiving CAPOX. Risk factor analysis related to CR showed that CINV prophylaxis in patients treated with CBDCA-based chemotherapy was generally supportive of the guideline-recommended three antiemetics. However, the control of nausea in patients receiving non-CBDCA-based chemotherapy is a key point to note. The further individualization of antiemetic regimens for patients receiving MEC based on both types of chemotherapy regimens and sex is needed.
Social Cognition in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Idiopathic Developmental Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Jalal Rhideeta , Nair Aarti , Lin Amy , Eckfeld Ariel , Kushan Leila , Zinberg Jamie , Karlsgodt Katherine H. , Cannon Tyrone D. , Bearden Carrie E.
Published: July 2020

Background: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a common recurrent neurogenetic condition associated with elevated risk for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders and intellectual disability. Children and adults with 22q11DS often exhibit marked social impairment as well as neurocognitive deficits, and have elevated rates of both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and psychosis. However, the relationship between the basic processes of social cognition and cognitive ability has not been well studied in 22q11DS. Here, we examined differences in social cognition in 22q11DS, relative to multiple groups of idiopathic neuropsychiatric disorders, and typically developing healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we examined differences in intellectual functioning and its relationship to social cognitive abilities. Finally, we examined the relationship between social cognitive abilities and real-world social behavior. Methods: We examined social cognition and intellectual functioning in 273 participants (mean age = 17.74+/-5.18% female = 44.3%): 50 with 22q11DS, 49 youth with first episode psychosis (FEP), 48 at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis, 24 participants with ASD, and 102 HC. Social cognition was assessed using The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT), while reciprocal social behavior was assessed via parent/caregiver ratings on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Participants were also administered the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, 2 nd edition (WASI-II) to assess intellectual functioning. Results: The 22q11DS group exhibited significantly lower social cognitive abilities compared to all other groups, even after controlling for intellectual functioning. Significant positive correlations were found between social cognition, as measured by the TASIT, and IQ across groups. In contrast, no significant relationships were found between TASIT and real-world social behavior (SRS) for any group. Conclusions: Our findings indicate social cognitive deficits are more prominent in 22q11DS than idiopathic neuropsychiatric conditions across the age range, even after adjusting for global intellectual function. These results contribute to our understanding of the intellectual and social vulnerabilities of 22q11DS in comparison to idiopathic neuropsychiatric disorders. Our findings of robust associations between intellectual ability and social cognition emphasizes the importance of accounting for neurocognitive deficits in social skills interventions and tailoring these existing treatment models for 22q11DS and other populations with intellectual impairment.
QTL mapping of winter dormancy and associated traits in two switchgrass pseudo-F1 populations: lowland x lowland and lowland x upland
Authors: Razar Rasyidah Mohamad , Missaoui Ali
Published: July 2020

Background Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) undergoes seasonal growth changes based on the perception of photoperiod and temperature. It transitions to winter dormancy in early fall, breaks dormancy in the spring, and resumes the cycle starting from flowering which is the cue for senescence. The length of the growing season can impact biomass accumulation and yield. In this study, we conducted QTL mapping of winter dormancy measured by fall regrowth height (FRH) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), spring emergence (SE), and flowering date (FD) in two bi-parental pseudo-F1 populations derived from crosses between the lowland AP13 with the lowland B6 (AB) with 285 progenies, and the lowland B6 with the upland VS16 (BV) with 227 progenies. Results We identified 18 QTLs for FRH, 18 QTLs for NDVI, 21 QTLs for SE, and 30 QTLs for FD. The percent variance explained by these QTLs ranged between 4.21 – 23.27% for FRH, 4.47 – 24.06% for NDVI, 4.35 – 32.77% for SE, and 4.61 – 29.74% for FD. A higher number of QTL was discovered in the BV population, suggesting more variants in the lowland x upland population contributing to the expression of seasonal dormancy underlying traits. We identified 9 regions of colocalized QTL with possible pleiotropic gene action. The positive correlation between FRH or NDVI with dry biomass weight suggests that winter dormancy duration could affect switchgrass biomass yield. The medium to high heritability levels of FRH (0.55 – 0.64 H2) and NDVI (0.30 – 0.61 H2) implies the possibility of using the traits for indirect selection for biomass yield. Conclusion Markers found within the significant QTL interval can serve as genomic resources for breeding non-dormant and semi-dormant switchgrass cultivars for the southern regions, where growers can benefit from the longer production season.
Communication patterns in the doctor–patient relationship: evaluating determinants associated with low paternalism in Mexico.
Authors: Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo , Angeles-Llerenas Angelica , Rodríguez-Valentín Rocío , Salvador-Carulla Luis , Domínguez-Esponda Rosalinda , Astudillo-García Claudia Iveth , de León Eduardo Madrigal , Katz Gregorio
Published: July 2020

Background: Paternalism/overprotection limits communication between healthcare professionals and patients and does not promote shared therapeutic decision-making. In the global north, communication patterns have been regulated to promote autonomy, whereas in the global south, they reflect the physician’s personal choices. The goal of this work was contribute to knowledge of the communication patterns used in clinical practice in Mexico and to identify the determinants that favour a doctor-patient relationship characterized by low paternalism/autonomism. Methods: A self-report study of communication patterns within a sample of 761 mental healthcare professionals in Central and Western Mexico was conducted. Multiple ordinal logistic regression models were performed to analyse paternalism and associated factors. Results: A high prevalence (68.7% [95% CI 60.0-70.5]) of paternalism was observed among mental healthcare professionals in Mexico. The main determinants of low paternalism/autonomism were medical specialty (OR 1.67 [95% CI 1.16-2.40]) and gender, with female physicians more likely to explicitly share diagnoses and therapeutic strategies with patients and their families (OR 1.57 [95% CI 1.11-2.22]). A pattern of highly explicit communication was strongly associated with low paternalism/autonomism (OR 12.13 [95% CI 7.71-19.05]). Finally, a modifying effect of age strata on the association between communication pattern or specialty and low paternalism/autonomism was observed. Conclusions: Among mental healthcare professionals in Mexico, an elevated paternalism prevailed. Gender, specialty, and a pattern of open communication were closely associated with low paternalism/autonomism. Strengthening the competencies of health professionals and promoting explicit communication could contribute to the transition towards more autonomist communication in clinical practice in Mexico. The ethical implications will need to be resolved in the near future.
First month of the epidemic caused by COVID-19 in Italy: current status and real-time outbreak development forecast
Authors: Megna Rosario
Published: July 2020

Background: The first outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy occurred during the second half of February 2020 in some areas in the North of the country. Due to the high contagiousness of the infection, further spread by asymptomatic people, Italy has become in a few weeks the country with the greatest number of infected people in the world. The large number of severe cases among infected people in Italy led to the hospitalization of thousands of patients, with a heavy burden on the National Health Service. Methods: We analyzed data provided daily by Italian Authorities for the period from 24 February 2020 to 30 March 2020. Considering such information, we developed a forecast model in real-time, based on the cumulative log-logistic distribution. Results: A total of 101,739 infected individuals were confirmed until 30 March 2020, of which 14,620 recovered or discharged, and 11,591 deaths. Until the same date patients quarantined at home were 43,752, whereas hospitalized patients were 31,776, of which 3,981 in intensive care. The active cases (i.e. the number of patients not yet recovered until that date) were 75,528. The forecast model estimated a number of infected persons for Italy of 234,000 about, and a duration of the epidemic of approximately 4 months. Conclusions: One month after the first outbreaks there seemed to be the first signs of a decrease in the number of infections, showing that we could be now facing the descending phase of the epidemic. The forecast obtained thanks to our model could be used by decision-makers to implement coordinative and collaborative efforts in order to control the epidemic. The pandemic due to novel Coronavirus must be a warning for all countries worldwide, regarding a rapid and complete dissemination of information, surveillance, health organization, and cooperation among the states.