bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taking Up #blacklivesmatter
Authors: Liou Jeff
Published: May 2017

Even though theology and Critical Race Theory (CRT) have yet to partner with one another in earnest, neo-Calvinism of the Kuyperian variety shares with CRT some important commitments. Kuyper and CRT both problematize liberalism. For Kuyper, French Revolutionary liberalism was a humanistic revolt against the God from whom originate individual freedoms and before whom all people stand as equals. For CRT, legal liberalism and constitutionalism purport to guarantee the rights of individuals, but far more often fail to enfranchise the weaker parties in society. Their shared critique is no solution. However, CRT’s insistence on race-consciousness is a major contribution to what would otherwise be Kuyperian abstract-ness. In turn, theology offers mature reflection on anthropology as well as eschatology that would otherwise not appear in CRT. Bavinck’s doctrine of the image of God grounds race-consciousness in a future where the human community of covenant promise is richly and concretely diverse.
Do Preterm Infants Perceive Temporal Synchrony? An Analysis with the Eye-Tracking System
Authors: Provasi Joëlle , Lemoine-Lardennois Christelle , Orriols Eric , Morange-Majoux Françoise
Published: May 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate auditory–visual temporal asynchrony in preterm infants using a habituation procedure coupled with an eye-tracking system in order to examine visual behavior accurately and determine specific visual areas of interest. Sixteen term infants, twelve low-risk near-term (LBW) preterm infants and eight Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) preterm infants were tested at four months post term. Infants were habituated with an auditory–visual synchronic situation: a visual ball bounced back in synchrony with an auditory sound. In the test phase, an asynchronized situation and a synchronized situation were presented alternately three times. The results showed that VLBW infants spent more time looking at the target before being habituated compared to LBW preterm infants and full-term infants.

Specific areas of interest showed that VLBW infants spent less time on the target than LBW and full-term infants and had a more heterogeneous visual exploration. Nevertheless, VLBW infants had the same novelty reaction as the other infant groups. Moreover, the study of areas of interest revealed that whatever the age group, infants looked more at the area where the sound was produced during the asynchronized trial. This result suggests that infants perceive asynchrony. We suggest that VLBW preterm infants show the same ability to habituate and novelty recovery through an early learning experience due to earlier additional extra-uterine exposure.
Sound Properties Associated With Equiluminant Colours
Authors: Hamilton-Fletcher Giles , Witzel Christoph , Reby David , Ward Jamie
Published: May 2017

There is a widespread tendency to associate certain properties of sound with those of colour (e.g., higher pitches with lighter colours). Yet it is an open question how sound influences chroma or hue when properly controlling for lightness. To examine this, we asked participants to adjust physically equiluminant colours until they ‘went best’ with certain sounds. For pure tones, complex sine waves and vocal timbres, increases in frequency were associated with increases in chroma. Increasing the loudness of pure tones also increased chroma. Hue associations varied depending on the type of stimuli. In stimuli that involved only limited bands of frequencies (pure tones, vocal timbres), frequency correlated with hue, such that low frequencies gave blue hues and progressed to yellow hues at 800 Hz. Increasing the loudness of a pure tone was also associated with a shift from blue to yellow. However, for complex sounds that share the same bandwidth of frequencies (100–3200 Hz) but that vary in terms of which frequencies have the most power, all stimuli were associated with yellow hues. This suggests that the presence of high frequencies (above 800 Hz) consistently yields yellow hues. Overall we conclude that while pitch–chroma associations appear to flexibly re-apply themselves across a variety of contexts, frequencies above 800 Hz appear to produce yellow hues irrespective of context. These findings reveal new sound–colour correspondences previously obscured through not controlling for lightness. Findings are discussed in relation to understanding the underlying rules of cross-modal correspondences, synaesthesia, and optimising the sensory substitution of visual information through sound.
Amanita glarea, a new species in section Vaginatae from Pakistan
Authors: JABEEN SANA , KIRAN MUNAZZA , ULLAH SADIQ , WILSON ANDREW W. , MUELLER GREGORY M. , FIAZ MUHAMMAD , KHALID ABDUL NASIR
Published: May 2017

A new species, Amanita glarea, is described and illustrated from Pakistan. Molecular phylogenetic data derived from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) regions along with morphological characters make it distinct from other currently known Amanita species. Amanita glarea is characterized by a grayish brown, slightly umbonate, pileus having universal veil remnants and striate margins, a long ringless stipe with a saccate volva bearing yellowish brown patches on the verrucose surface, inamyloid globose to subglobose basidiospores, and a filamentous pileipellis with some inflated round to elongated cells. Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal ITS and LSU nucleotide sequences resolve A. glarea with other taxa in Amanita section Vaginatae.
An Integrated Damage, Visual, and Radar Analysis of the 2015 Foshan, Guangdong, EF3 Tornado in China Produced by the Landfalling Typhoon Mujigae (2015)
Authors: Bai Lanqiang , Meng Zhiyong , Huang Ling , Yan Lijun , Li Zhaohui , Mai Xuehu , Huang Yipeng , Yao Dan , Wang Xi
Published: May 2017

This work presents an integrated damage, visual, and radar analysis of a tropical cyclone (TC) tornado that has not been documented as detailed as midlatitude tornadoes. On 4 October 2015, an enhanced Fujita 3 (EF3) tornado spawned into Typhoon Mujigae and hit Foshan, Guangdong Province, China. This tornado was generated in a minisupercell ∼350 km northeast of the TC center and lasted about 32 minutes, leaving a southeast-to-northwest damage swath 30.85 km long and 20–570 m wide. Near-surface wind patterns and the size of the tornado, juxtaposition of the condensation funnel with the damage swath and radar signatures, and consistency between near-surface wind speed estimated from visual observations and that estimated using EF scale were revealed based on ground and aerial surveys, radar and surface observations, photographs, and tornado videos. Tornado videos showed two occurrences of vertical subvortices followed by the formation of a horizontal vortex. Some features of the tornado, the parent supercell and mesocyclone, and the convective environment were compared to their U.S. counterparts. This work provides a case review of a tornado with the most comprehensive information ever in China. Damage indicators used to estimate the tornado intensity in this Chinese case were compared with those in the United States, demonstrating the potential applicability of the EF scale in tornado damage surveys outside the United States.
Nonlinear Wave Kinematics near the Ocean Surface
Authors: Smit P. B. , Janssen T. T. , Herbers T. H. C.
Published: May 2017

Estimation of second-order, near-surface wave kinematics is important for interpretation of ocean surface remote sensing and surface-following instruments, determining loading on offshore structures, and understanding of upper-ocean transport processes. Unfortunately, conventional wave theories based on Stokes-type expansions do not consider fluid motions at levels above the unperturbed fluid level. The usual practice of extrapolating the fluid kinematics from the unperturbed free surface to higher points in the fluid is generally reasonable for narrowband waves, but for broadband ocean waves this results in dramatic (and nonphysical) overestimation of surface velocities. Consequently, practical approximations for random waves are at best empirical and are often only loosely constrained by physical principles. In the present work, the authors formulate the governing equations for water waves in an incompressible and inviscid fluid, using a boundary-fitted coordinate system (i.e., sigma or s coordinates) to derive expressions for near-surface kinematics in nonlinear random waves from first principles. Comparison to a numerical model valid for highly nonlinear waves shows that the new results 1) are consistent with second-order Stokes theory, 2) are similar to extrapolation methods in narrowband waves, and 3) greatly improve estimates of surface kinematics in random seas.
How do we understand worker silence despite poor conditions – as the actress said to the woman bishop
Authors: Dean Deborah , Greene Anne-marie
Published: May 2017

This article considers the customary choice of silence over voice of two groups of UK workers – women clergy and women actors – who routinely tolerate poor quality conditions rather than express dissatisfaction. We argue that a key mediating factor is an expanded version of Hirschman’s (1970) concept of loyalty. The article considers how occupational ideologies facilitate loyalty as adaptation to disadvantage in ways that discourage voice, in framing silence as positive. Consequently, we also identify this type of loyalty as potentially salient in understanding silence in other occupations. A descriptive model comparing strength of occupational ideology and voicing of dissatisfaction is outlined, and through discussion of findings the article offers conceptual refinements of loyalty in accounting for worker silence.
Lens Capsule Perforation Without Inflammation in 4 Rabbits From Intravitreal Injection Studies
Authors: Farman Cindy , Schuetz Chris , Lorget Florence , Bantseev Vladimir , Calise David , Thackaberry Evan A.
Published: May 2017

Historically, it was thought that lens protein was sequestered, and injury to the lens capsule causing release of lens material into the eye would always result in ocular inflammation. Currently, it is believed that lens antigens are recognized as self, subject to normal T-cell tolerance. Three different single-dose intravitreal injection/implantation studies of 4 different test materials, ranging from 4 to 6 weeks in length, were performed in New Zealand White rabbits. The test materials included polymer microspheres, polymer rods, a solvent, and a hydrogel. Intravitreal injection/implantation procedures were performed on day 1, and indirect ophthalmoscopy and slit-lamp biomicroscopy examinations were performed by board-certified veterinary ophthalmologists periodically throughout the course of each study. None of the affected animals received corticosteroids or other immunomodulatory agents during the course of the studies. Four rabbits had perforation of the posterior lens capsule during the injection/implantation procedure on day 1, visible on clinical ophthalmic examination as lens capsule alterations described as “lens hits” and/or incipient posterior cataracts. Findings on slit-lamp biomicroscopy examination were limited to vitreous cells in 2 of the animals, although not centered on the area of lens capsule disturbance. Histologically, there was no evidence of inflammation in association with extruded lens protein material in any of the affected eyes. These results indicate that iatrogenic damage to the lens capsule during aseptically performed intravitreal injections/implantations does not appear to induce inflammation in rabbits.
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus): Pathologic Findings in Natural Infections
Authors: Seguel Mauricio , Gottdenker Nicole L. , Colegrove Kathleen , Johnson Shawn , Struve Carsten , Howerth Elizabeth W.
Published: May 2017

Tissues of stranded California sea lions ( Zalophus californianus) naturally infected with a hyperviruluent strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae were examined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry against the K. pneumoniae K2 capsular antigen. In 7 of 8 animals, there was severe purulent bronchopneumonia, sometimes complicated by fibrinonecrotizing pleuritis with pyothorax. In affected areas of lung, large numbers of degenerate neutrophils and macrophages were admixed with rare large extracellular and intracellular gram-negative bacilli surrounded by a prominent capsule. Through serotyping, polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, and immunohistochemistry, these bacteria were confirmed to be a K2 serotype of K. pneumoniae. The same bacteria were identified through double immunolabeling within macrophages in blood vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. Intact K. pneumoniae were identified on epithelial surfaces of the nasopharyngeal, tracheal, and small intestine mucosae and within distal renal tubules. Our findings indicate that hypervirulent K. pneumoniae causes severe respiratory disease and intrahistiocytic bacteremia in California sea lions.
Ranid Herpesvirus 3 and Proliferative Dermatitis in Free-Ranging Wild Common Frogs (Rana Temporaria)
Authors: Origgi F. C. , Schmidt B. R. , Lohmann P. , Otten P. , Akdesir E. , Gaschen V. , Aguilar-Bultet L. , Wahli T. , Sattler U. , Stoffel M. H.
Published: May 2017

Amphibian pathogens are of current interest as contributors to the global decline of amphibians. However, compared with chytrid fungi and ranaviruses, herpesviruses have received relatively little attention. Two ranid herpesviruses have been described: namely, Ranid herpesvirus 1 (RHV1) and Ranid herpesvirus 2 (RHV2). This article describes the discovery and partial characterization of a novel virus tentatively named Ranid herpesvirus 3 (RHV3), a candidate member of the genus Batrachovirus in the family Alloherpesviridae. RHV3 infection in wild common frogs (Rana temporaria) was associated with severe multifocal epidermal hyperplasia, dermal edema, a minor inflammatory response, and variable mucous gland degeneration. Intranuclear inclusions were numerous in the affected epidermis together with unique extracellular aggregates of herpesvirus-like particles. The RHV3-associated skin disease has features similar to those of a condition recognized in European frogs for the last 20 years and whose cause has remained elusive. The genome of RHV3 shares most of the features of the Alloherpesviruses. The characterization of this presumptive pathogen may be of value for amphibian conservation and for a better understanding of the biology of Alloherpesviruses.
Pseudo-rigid-body dynamic modeling and analysis of compliant mechanisms
Authors: Yu Yue-Qing , Li Qian , Xu Qi-Ping
Published: May 2017

An intensive study on the dynamic modeling and analysis of compliant mechanisms is presented in this paper based on the pseudo-rigid-body model. The pseudo-rigid-body dynamic model with single degree-of-freedom is proposed at first and the dynamic equation of the 1R pseudo-rigid-body dynamic model for a flexural beam is presented briefly. The pseudo-rigid-body dynamic models with multi-degrees-of-freedom are then derived in detail. The dynamic equations of the 2R pseudo-rigid-body dynamic model and 3R pseudo-rigid-body dynamic model for the flexural beams are obtained using Lagrange equation. Numerical investigations on the natural frequencies and dynamic responses of the three pseudo-rigid-body dynamic models are made. The effectiveness and superiority of the pseudo-rigid-body dynamic model has been shown by comparing with the finite element analysis method. An example of a compliant parallel-guiding mechanism is presented to investigate the dynamic behavior of the mechanism using the 2R pseudo-rigid-body dynamic model.
Illustrating News Bias Towards Islam and Muslims in Malaysia and Indonesia by Wall Street Journal and The Telegraph
Authors: Hassan Fauziah , Omar Siti Zobidah
Published: May 2017

This article attempts to look at how two international newspapers, Wall Street Journal ( WSJ) and The Telegraph ( TT), have reported on Islam and Muslims in Malaysia and Indonesia from 2012 to 2014. The study explores the demography of the news articles, including the article frequency, number of paragraphs, news focus and lastly the news sources. A total of 420 news paragraphs from a collection of 20 news articles from WSJ and 10 articles from TT were analyzed. The researchers used the SPSS program to analyze the demography of the news and the news sources used. In assessing the extent of news bias, the researchers used a qualitative content analysis tool (QSR NVivo 11). The findings revealed that a majority of the news articles studied had reported negatively on Islam and Muslim issues in Malaysia and Indonesia. Based on this fact, it can be seen that Islam in Southeast Asian countries is still receiving negative reporting from the Western media.
Problem-solving styles in autism spectrum disorder and the development of higher cognitive functions
Authors: Constable Paul A , Ring Melanie , Gaigg Sebastian B , Bowler Dermot M
Published: May 2017

The Vygotsky Blocks Test assesses problem-solving styles within a theoretical framework for the development of higher mental processes devised by Vygotsky. Because both the theory and the associated test situate cognitive development within the child’s social and linguistic context, they address conceptual issues around the developmental relation between language and thought that are pertinent to development in autism. Our aim was to document the performance of adults with autism spectrum disorder on the Vygotsky Blocks Test, and our results showed that they made more errors than the typically developing participants and that these errors correlated with performance IQ. The autism spectrum disorder group also required more cues than the typically developing group to discern the conceptual structure of the blocks, a pattern that correlated with Autism Diagnostic Observational Schedule–Communication and Imagination/Creativity sub-scales. When asked to categorize the blocks in new ways, the autism spectrum disorder participants developed fewer principles on which to base new categorizations, which in contrast to the typically developing group correlated with verbal IQ and with the Imagination/Creativity sub-scale of the ADOS. These results are in line with a number of existing findings in the autism spectrum disorder literature and confirm that conceptualization in autism spectrum disorder seems to rely more on non-verbal and less on imaginative processes than in typically developing individuals. The findings represent first steps to the possibility of outlining a testable account of psychological development in autism spectrum disorder that integrates verbal, non-verbal and social factors into the transition from elementary to higher level processes.
Protein palmitoylation: Palmitoyltransferases and their specificity
Authors: Tabaczar Sabina , Czogalla Aleksander , Podkalicka Joanna , Biernatowska Agnieszka , Sikorski Aleksander F
Published: May 2017

A plethora of novel information has emerged over the past decade regarding protein lipidation. The reversible attachment of palmitic acid to cysteine residues, termed S-palmitoylation, has focused a special attention. This is mainly due to the unique role of this modification in the regulation of protein trafficking and function. A large family of protein acyltransferases (PATs) containing a conserved aspartate–histidine–histidine–cysteine motif use ping-pong kinetic mechanism to catalyze S-palmitoylation of a substrate protein. Here, we discuss the topology of PAT proteins and their cellular localization. We will also give an overview of the mechanism of protein palmitoylation and how it is regulated. New information concerning the recent discovery of depalmitoylating enzymes belonging to the family of α/β-hydrolase domain-containing protein 17 (ABHD17A) is included. Considering the recent advances that have occurred in understanding the mechanisms underlying the interplay between palmitoylation and depalmitoylation, it is clear that we are beginning to understand the fundamental nature of how cellular signal-transduction mediates membrane-level organization in health and disease.

Impact statement

Protein palmitoylation is one of most important reversible post-translational modifications of protein function in cell-signaling systems. This review gathers the latest information on the molecular mechanism of protein palmitoyl transferase action. It also discusses the issue of substrate specificity of palmitoyl transferases. Another important question is the role of depalmitoylation enzymes. This review should help to formulate questions concerning the regulation of activity of particular PATs as well as of depalmitoylating enzymes (APT).
Assessment of early treatment response by rapid cardiothoracic ultrasound in acute heart failure: Cardiac filling pressures, pulmonary congestion and mortality
Authors: Öhman Jonas , Harjola Veli-Pekka , Karjalainen Pasi , Lassus Johan
Published: May 2017

Background:

It is unclear how to optimally monitor acute heart failure (AHF) patients. We evaluated the timely interplay of cardiac filling pressures, brain natriuretic peptides (BNPs), lung ultrasound (LUS) and symptoms during AHF treatment.

Methods:

We enrolled 60 patients who had been hospitalised for AHF. Patients were examined with a rapid cardiothoracic ultrasound (CaTUS) protocol, combining LUS and focused echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac filling pressures (i.e. medial E/e’ and inferior vena cava index [IVCi]). CaTUS was done at 0, 12, 24 and 48 hours (±3 hours) and on the day of discharge, alongside clinical evaluation and laboratory samples. Patients free of congestion (B lines or pleural fluid) on LUS at discharge were categorised as responders, whereas the rest were categorised as non-responders. Improvement in congestion parameters was evaluated separately in these groups. The effect of congestion parameters on prognosis was also analysed.

Results:

Responders experienced a significantly larger decline in E/e’ (2.58 vs. 0.38, p = 0.037) and dyspnoea visual analogue scale (1–10) score (7.68 vs. 3.57, p = 0.007) during the first 12 hours of treatment, while IVCi and BNPs declined later without no such rapid initial decline. Among patients experiencing a >3 U decline in E/e’ during the first 12 hours of treatment, 18/21 were to become responders ( p < 0.001). LUS response was the only congestion parameter independently predicting both 6-month survival regarding all-cause mortality and the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality or rehospitalisation for AHF.

Conclusion:

E/e’ seemed like the most useful congestion parameter for monitoring early treatment response, predicting prognostically beneficial resolution of pulmonary congestion.
A phase II trial of autologous dendritic cell vaccination and radiochemotherapy following fluorescence-guided surgery in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients
Authors: Inogés Susana , Tejada Sonia , de Cerio Ascensión López-Díaz , Gállego Pérez-Larraya Jaime , Espinós Jaime , Idoate Miguel Angel , Domínguez Pablo Daniel , de Eulate Reyes García , Aristu Javier , Bendandi Maurizio , Pastor Fernando , Alonso Marta , Andreu Enrique , Cardoso Felipe Prósper , Valle Ricardo Díez
Published: May 2017

Background

Prognosis of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains dismal, with median overall survival (OS) of about 15 months. It is therefore crucial to search alternative strategies that improve these results obtained with conventional treatments. In this context, immunotherapy seems to be a promising therapeutic option. We hypothesized that the addition of tumor lysate-pulsed autologous dendritic cells (DCs) vaccination to maximal safe resection followed by radiotherapy and concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide could improve patients’ survival.

Methods

We conducted a phase-II clinical trial of autologous DCs vaccination in patients with newly diagnosed patients GBM who were candidates to complete or near complete resection. Candidates were finally included if residual tumor volume was lower than 1 cc on postoperative radiological examination. Autologous DCs were generated from peripheral blood monocytes and pulsed with autologous whole tumor lysate. The vaccination calendar started before radiotherapy and was continued during adjuvant chemotherapy. Progression free survival (PFS) and OS were analyzed with the Kaplan–Meier method. Immune response were assessed in blood samples obtained before each vaccines.

Results

Thirty-two consecutive patients were screened, one of which was a screening failure due to insufficient resection. Median age was 61 years (range 42–70). Karnofsky performance score (KPS) was 90–100 in 29%, 80 in 35.5% and 60–70 in 35.5% of cases. MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase) promoter was methylated in 45.2% of patients. No severe adverse effects related to immunotherapy were registered. Median PFS was 12.7 months (CI 95% 7–16) and median OS was 23.4 months (95% CI 16–33.1). Increase in post-vaccination tumor specific immune response after vaccines (proliferation or cytokine production) was detected in 11/27 evaluated patients. No correlation between immune response and survival was found.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the addition of tumor lysate-pulsed autologous DCs vaccination to tumor resection and combined radio-chemotherapy is feasible and safe. A multicenter randomized clinical trial is warranted to evaluate the potential survival benefit of this therapeutic approach.

Trial registration This phase-II trial was registered as EudraCT: 2009-009879-35 and ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01006044 retrospectively registered
Phase I Study and Biomarker Analysis of Pyrotinib, a Novel Irreversible Pan-ErbB Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Ma Fei , Li Qiao , Chen Shanshan , Zhu Wenjie , Fan Ying , Wang Jiayu , Luo Yang , Xing Puyuan , Lan Bo , Li Meiying , Yi Zongbi , Cai Ruigang , Yuan Peng , Zhang Pin , Li Qing , Xu Binghe
Published: May 2017

Purpose

This phase I study assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, antitumor activity, and predictive biomarkers of pyrotinib, an irreversible pan-ErbB inhibitor, in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive metastatic breast cancer.

Patients and Methods

Pyrotinib was administered continuously, orally, once per day to patients who did not have prior exposure to tyrosine kinase inhibitors of HER2. Planned dose escalation was 80, 160, 240, 320, 400, and 480 mg. For pharmacokinetic analysis, timed blood samples were collected on day 1 and day 28. Next-generation sequencing was performed on circulating tumor DNA and genomic DNA from tumor samples.

Results

Thirty-eight patients were enrolled. The dose-limiting toxicity was grade 3 diarrhea, which occurred in two patients administered 480 mg of pyrotinib; thus, the maximum tolerated dose was 400 mg. Common pyrotinib-related adverse events included diarrhea (44.7% [17 of 38]), nausea (13.2% [five of 38]), oral ulceration (13.2% [five of 38]), asthenia (10.5% [four of 38]), and leukopenia (10.5% [four of 38]). The only grade 3 adverse event was diarrhea. Pharmacokinetic analyses indicated that pyrotinib exposure was dose dependent. The overall response rate was 50.0% (18 of 36), and the clinical benefit rate (complete response + partial response + stable disease ≥ 24 weeks) was 61.1% (22 of 36). The median progression-free survival was 35.4 weeks (95% CI, 23.3 to 40.0 weeks). The overall response rate was 83.3% (10 of 12) in trastuzumab-naive patients and 33.3% (eight of 24) in trastuzumab-pretreated patients. Preliminary results suggest that PIK3CA and TP53 mutations in circulating tumor DNA ( P = .013) rather than in archival tumor tissues ( P = .474) may predict the efficacy of pyrotinib.

Conclusion

Continuous once-per-day pyrotinib was well tolerated and demonstrated promising antitumor activity in HER2-positive patients with metastatic breast cancer. The maximum tolerated dose was established as 400 mg. Diarrhea was the dose-limiting toxicity. The promising antitumor activity and acceptable tolerability of pyrotinib warrant its further evaluation in a phase II study.
Replication of ribosomal DNA in Arabidopsis occurs both inside and outside the nucleolus during S phase progression
Authors: Dvořáčková Martina , Raposo Berta , Matula Petr , Fuchs Joerg , Schubert Veit , Peška Vratislav , Desvoyes Bénédicte , Gutierrez Crisanto , Fajkus Jiří
Published: May 2017

Ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) have been used as valuable experimental systems in numerous studies. Here, we focus on elucidating the spatiotemporal organisation of rDNA replication in Arabidopsis thaliana. To determine the subnuclear distribution of rDNA and the progression of its replication during the S phase, we apply 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) labelling, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, fluorescence in situ hybridization and structured illumination microscopy. We show that rDNA is replicated inside and outside the nucleolus, where active transcription occurs at the same time. Nascent rDNA shows a maximum of nucleolar associations during early S phase. In addition to EdU patterns typical for early or late S phase, we describe two intermediate EdU profiles characteristic for mid S phase. Moreover, the use of lines containing mutations in the chromatin assembly factor-1 gene fas1 and wild-type progeny of fas1xfas2 crosses depleted of inactive copies allows for selective observation of the replication pattern of active rDNA. High-resolution data are presented, revealing the culmination of replication in the mid S phase in the nucleolus and its vicinity. Taken together, our results provide a detailed snapshot of replication of active and inactive rDNA during S phase progression.
Ecological Base-Conditioned Preparation of Dipeptides Using Unprotected α-Amino Acids Containing Hydrophilic Side Chains
Authors: Ezawa Tetsuya , Jung Seunghee , Kawashima Yuya , Noguchi Takuya , Imai Nobuyuki
Published: May 2017

The coupling reactions of 3-phenylpropanoic acid and N-carboxybenzyl α-amino acids with unprotected α-amino acids containing hydrophilic side chains such as aliphatic alcohol, aromatic alcohol, thiol, carboxylic acid, and amide afforded the corresponding amides in 66–96% yield without racemization via the corresponding mixed carbonic carboxylic anhydrides under basic conditions through an ecological green synthetic method.
Breast metastases from extramammary malignancies: multimodality imaging aspects
Authors: Bitencourt Almir G V , Gama Roberta R M , Graziano Luciana , Negrão Erika M S , Sabino Silvia M P S , Watanabe Anapaula H U , Guatelli Camila S , Souza Juliana A , Mauad Edmundo C , Marques Elvira F
Published: May 2017

Breast metastases from extramammary cancers are rare and usually related to poor prognosis. The extramammary tumours most frequently exhibiting breast metastases are melanoma, lymphomas, ovarian cancer, lung and neuroendocrine tumours, and sarcomas. Owing to the lack of reliable and specific clinical or radiological signs for the diagnosis of breast metastases, a combination of techniques is needed to differentiate these lesions from primary breast carcinoma or even benign breast lesions. Multiple imaging methods may be used to evaluate these patients, including mammography, ultrasound, MRI, CT and positron emission tomography CT. Clinical and imaging manifestations are varied, depend on the form of dissemination of the disease and may mimic primary benign and malignant breast lesions. Haematologically disseminated metastases often develop as a circumscribed mass, whereas lymphatic dissemination often presents as diffuse breast oedema and skin thickening. Unlike primary carcinomas, breast metastases generally do not have spiculated margins, skin or nipple retraction. Microlobulated or indistinct margins may be present in some cases. Although calcifications are not frequently present in metastatic lesions, they occur more commonly in patients with ovarian cancer. Although rare, secondary malignant neoplasms should be considered in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions, in the appropriate clinical setting. Knowledge of the most common imaging features can help to provide the correct diagnosis and adequate therapeutic planning.
Report of the General Committee: 17
Authors: McNeill John , Wilson Karen L.
Published: May 2017

Decisions are reported on proposals and requests in Reports 61, 67, and 68 from the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants, in Reports 10 and 11 from the Nomenclature Committee on Fossils, in Report 14 from the Nomenclature Committee for Algae and in Report 12 from the Nomenclature Committee for Bryophytes.
Temporary Incentives Change Daily Routines: Evidence from a Field Experiment on Singapore’s Subways
Authors: Yang Nan , Long Lim Yong
Published: May 2017

We show that temporary incentives can lead to lasting changes in people’s daily routines through a field experiment. In randomized controlled trials on Singapore’s subways, commuters in the treatment group received a full rebate of their fares for 10 weeks if they exited fare gates before the start of morning peak-travel time. The objective of the fare promotion was to alleviate peak-time congestion by encouraging commuters to travel prepeak. This promotion resembles an actual public program implemented in Singapore in 2013. Using participants’ fare cards, we obtained a rich data set for 60 weeks’ worth of trips. A difference-in-differences analysis reveals that the effect of the free-trip offer was modest but robust during the promotional period: on average, trips were 5.5% more likely to end before the morning peak time. More encouragingly, the modest shift toward early travel strongly persisted even seven months after the end of the free-trip offer. This seemingly small shift could imply large financial savings on infrastructure investment. We find suggestive evidence that travel regularity and consistency during the promotion appear to be important for forging persistence.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2731 .

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Maintaining hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of infection
Authors: Roy Lisa
Published: May 2017

Health professionals can often underestimate the importance of hand hygiene compliance in practice due to the amount of published evidence available. Although a lot of effort has been put into improving hand hygiene, unmistakably more work is required as the literature is still suggesting that health professionals are not complying with hand hygiene guidelines. This lack of compliance is in spite of hand hygiene being the single most effective means of reducing hospital-acquired infections.
Establishing face validity of the EPLIT questionnaire
Authors: Sarantopoulos Alice , Spagnol Gabriela Salim , Newbold David , Li Li Min
Published: May 2017

Health systems worldwide face continued pressure to produce high-quality, sustainable care. Lean management (developed in manufacturing to increase flow and reduce waste) is increasingly used by managers to improve processes, empower frontline workers and create a culture of continuous improvement. The Employee Perception to Assess Lean Implementation Tool (EPLIT) for manufacturing was developed at the The University of Alabama in Huntsville in the USA (based on five Lean Principles established by Womack and Jones), to enable managers to measure their employees' understanding and engagement with lean implementation. In this study, we adapted the EPLIT for healthcare, translated into Portuguese and established its content validity. The tool was then translated from Portuguese into English. This study also established content validity in the UK and USA. Quantitative and qualitative analysis revealed three issues related to the questionnaire: an inadequate healthcare vocabulary, doubts about lean terminology, and issues in translating it (grammar, cohesion and coherence). Further international collaboration addressed these issues and resulted in a final version of EPLIT available for international use in healthcare in a larger study.
Leading an intervention for family caregivers—a part of nursing in palliative care
Authors: Holm Maja , Goliath Ida , Södlind Hanna , Alvariza Anette
Published: May 2017

Professional leadership has been highlighted as an important part of successful intervention delivery. The aim of this study is to explore the narratives of nurses involved in leading a group intervention for family caregivers in palliative care. Nurses were interviewed about their experiences as group leaders in a psycho-educational group intervention, which was delivered at 10 specialised palliative home care settings, with the help of an intervention manual. Data were analysed with interpretive descriptive methodology. Three themes were identified in the analysis: embracing the leading role, developing qualities as a group leader, and professional and personal development. The results showed that the role as group leader initially was a challenge for the nurses, but that they gradually were able to develop the professional and personal skills that were required. The nurses believed that their profession was best suited to lead this kind of supportive intervention.
Does respite care address the needs of palliative care service users and carers? Their perspectives and experiences
Authors: Wolkowski Anna , Carr Susan M
Published: May 2017

Aim:

To establish whether respite care addresses the needs of palliative care service users and carers.

Background:

Respite care is often described in UK policy and guidance as a key need to providing support for this group and yet little is known about it and there is a lack of research to support its efficacy.

Design:

The approach was qualitative and the methodology was interpretive. The method used was constructivist grounded theory.

Methods:

Data collection was carried out by unstructured informal interview with three couples and two bereaved carers who had experienced hospice respite care.

Results:

Findings showed that respite care is valued by palliative care service users and carers although there are some fundamental tensions in service models which limit its potential.

Conclusion:

A reframing of respite care as an empathic response within a new palliative care approach is proposed. Within this, the centrality of the relationship is reinforced.
Research on palliative and end-of-life care is a priority for patients
Authors: Cox Anna
Published: May 2017

Comment on: Establishing priorities for oncology nursing research: nurse and patient collaboration
Politics and palliative care: Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Smyth Dion
Published: May 2017

Dion Smyth's review of palliative nursing on the internet
Teachers want guidance on tackling hate crime in schools
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: May 2017

Increasing reports of hate crime and hate speech since Brexit vote have sparked calls for training to help teachers respond effectively
The role of the roving invigilator
Authors: Chima Jugjit
Published: May 2017

A key change this year is the role of the roving invigilator when candidates are sitting one-to-one exams. Jugjit Chima explains
Teaching practice: Sixth form
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: May 2017

Do children and adults learn differently? Matt Bromley finishes his teaching practice series with a look at pedagogy in the post-16 classroom
Nine homes by the age of nine…
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: May 2017

The preliminary findings of a three-year study offer an insight into what it is like for children growing up in poverty. From multiple house moves to free school meal stigma and the often-prohibitive costs of education, the report offers key lessons for schools. Pete Henshaw takes a look
Five great ways to promote wellbeing
Authors: Day Teresa
Published: May 2017

This year's Mental Health Awareness Week – May 8 to 14 – is a good excuse to focus on how you promote emotional wellbeing. Teresa Day discusses the Five Ways to Wellbeing Framework
The signs of abuse?
Authors: O'Connell Suzanne
Published: May 2017

Most schools are clear about those signs of abuse and neglect that should lead to a referral. But what about those subtle first warning signs that something needs further investigation? NICE has released draft guidance to help schools and others know what these are. Suzanne O'Connell takes a look
Make your data C.O.U.N.T.
Authors: Freeman Garry
Published: May 2017

How can we use our data effectively? Garry Freeman advises on collecting, managing and analysing your school's data so that it is meaningful, relevant and useful for your teachers
Presentación Monográfico “Jóvenes comprometidas en el antifranquismo y la democracia”
Authors: Moreno Seco Mónica , Cases-Sola Adriana
Published: May 2017

Presentación del Monográfico
Detección de residuos de quinolonas sobre electrodos modificados con bismuto en muestras ambientales mediante voltametría de redisolución anódica
Authors: Laurenti Rocío Belén , Hernández Silvia Raquel , Kergaravat Silvina Vanesa
Published: May 2017

La ciprofloxacina, es la quinolona de segunda generación más utilizada, a nivel nacional y mundial, en medicina humana y veterinaria. Esta al ser absorbida, es excretada casi sin metabolizar, en leche, orina y otras muestras biológicas, pudiendo así ingresar al medio ambiente. La presencia de residuos de quinolonas, en aguas de consumo humano puede ocasionar problemas de resistencia a dichos fármacos. Las técnicas de detección utilizadas para su determinación incluyen cromatografía, espectrofotometría, fluorimetría y electroquímica. Dentro de esta última, la voltametría de redisolución anódica, utilizando electrodos modificados con mercurio, ha permitido la detección de trazas de quinolonas en muestras alimenticias. El presente trabajo consistió en el desarrollo de un método electroquímico para la detección sensible, simple y rápida de residuos de ciprofloxacina en muestras ambientales basado en la voltametría de redisolución anódica, utilizando electrodos modificados con bismuto en lugar de mercurio, con la finalidad de disminuir el costo y la toxicidad.
Editorial
Authors: Hernández Silvia Raquel
Published: May 2017

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Temporal sleep patterns between healthy and depressed individuals
Authors: Alotaibi Mohammad A. , Halaki Mark , Chow Chin Moi
Published: May 2017

Background: Individuals with depression differ in their sleep patterns from healthy subjects. However, there are no studies that compare the temporal sleep patterns between healthy and depressed people or explore the relations between depressive symptomatology and physical activity levels. This study is an attempt to address this gap.Method: Participants recruited were 20 healthy and 20 depressed individuals. Data related to sleep-wake patterns, and activity levels were collected over four weeks using actigraph device (Actiwatch 2) and depressive symptoms were collected using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS) questionnaire. The data for the two groups were compared using t-tests. Correlation analyses were employed to test for associations between depressive symptoms, activity level and sleep patterns for each group.Result: The depressed group had significantly higher scores for depression, longer total sleep time, and lower level of activity compared to the healthy group. Sleep onset latency (SOL) was significantly correlated with the anxiety subscale of DASS, the depression score as measured by QIDS, and the activity level in the depressed group. The positive association between activity level and SOL was anomalous, and did not reflect the expected pattern seen in healthy individuals.Conclusion: The depressed group was confirmed to have significantly higher levels of depression, stress and anxiety, and lower level of physical activity. Increased anxiety and depression predicted delayed sleep onset. Depressive symptoms may have masked the expected relation between physical activity and SOL seen in healthy individuals.
Real-time influence maximization on dynamic social streams
Authors: Wang Yanhao , Fan Qi , Li Yuchen , Tan Kian-Lee
Published: May 2017

Influence maximization (IM), which selects a set of
k
users (called seeds) to maximize the influence spread over a social network, is a fundamental problem in a wide range of applications such as viral marketing and network monitoring. Existing IM solutions fail to consider the highly dynamic nature of social influence, which results in either poor seed qualities or long processing time when the network evolves. To address this problem, we define a novel IM query named Stream Influence Maximization (SIM) on social streams. Technically, SIM adopts the sliding window model and maintains a set of
k
seeds with the largest influence value over the most recent social actions. Next, we propose the Influential Checkpoints (IC) framework to facilitate continuous SIM query processing. The IC framework creates a checkpoint for each window shift and ensures an
ε
-approximate solution. To improve its efficiency, we further devise a Sparse Influential Checkpoints (SIC) framework which selectively keeps
O
(log
N
/β checkpoints for a sliding window of size
N
and maintains an ε(1−β)/2-approximate solution. Experimental results on both real-world and synthetic datasets confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed frameworks against the state-of-the-art IM approaches.
Exerting Pressure or Leveraging Power? The Extended Chain of Corporate Social Responsibility Enforcement in Business-to-Business Supply Chains
Authors: Müller Urs , Habel Johannes , Stierl Marcel
Published: May 2017

In face of the increasing attention on issues of sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) by the general public and policy makers, companies have put growing emphasis on ensuring CSR along their supply chains. Existing research has produced evidence that companies can increase their suppliers’ CSR engagement by exerting explicit pressure on them, for example, through contractual clauses. Adding to this conventional chain of CSR enforcement, this article conceptualizes and empirically validates a yet-undescribed extended chain of CSR enforcement that also leads to higher levels of CSR engagement by a supplier firm, irrespective and even in absence of explicit pressure by the customer firm. In particular, a customer firm's CSR orientation in interaction with a powerful position in the supply chain leads suppliers to perceive pressure to engage in CSR regardless of factually exerted pressure. As a result, suppliers are likely to increase their CSR engagement in order to be customer oriented or in preemptive obedience. These results entail substantial implications for policy makers as well as marketing academics and managers.
Thermal Analysis of porous fin with uniform magnetic field using Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method
Authors: Patel Trushit , Meher Ramakanta
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we consider a Roseland approximation to radiate heat transfer, Darcy’s model to simulate the flow in porous media and finite-length fin with insulated tip to study the thermal performance and to predict the temperature distribution in a vertical isothermal surface. The energy balance equations of the porous fin with several temperature dependent properties are solved using the Adomian Decomposition Sumudu Transform Method (ADSTM). The effects of various thermophysical parameters, such as the convection-conduction parameter, Surface-ambient radiation parameter, Rayleigh numbers and Hartman number are determined. The results obtained from the ADSTM are further compared with the fourth-fifth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method and Least Square Method(LSM) (Hoshyar et al. 2016 [