bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A COMPACT X-RAY SOURCE IN THE RADIO PULSAR-WIND NEBULA G141.2+5.0
Authors: Reynolds Stephen P. , Borkowski Kazimierz J.
Published: January 2016

We report the results of a 50 ks Chandra observation of the recently discovered radio object G141.2+5.0, presumed to be a pulsar-wind nebula. We find a moderately bright unresolved X-ray source that we designate CXOU J033712.8 615302 coincident with the central peak radio emission. An absorbed power-law fit to the 241 counts describes the data well, with absorbing column

cm−2 and photon index

. For a distance of 4 kpc, the unabsorbed luminosity between 0.5 and 8 keV is

erg s−1 (90% confidence intervals). Both L
X and Γ are quite typical of pulsars in PWNe. No extended emission is seen; we estimate a conservative

upper limit to the surface brightness of any X-ray PWN near the point source to be

erg cm−2 s−1 arcsec−2 between 0.5 and 8 keV, assuming the same spectrum as the point source; for a nebula of diameter

, the flux limit is 6% of the flux of the point source. The steep radio spectrum of the PWN (

), if continued to the X-ray without a break, predicts

erg s−1, so additional spectral steepening between radio and X-rays is required, as is true of all known PWNe. The high Galactic latitude gives a z-distance of 350 pc above the Galactic plane, quite unusual for a Population I object.
N2 AND CO DESORPTION ENERGIES FROM WATER ICE
Authors: Fayolle Edith C. , Balfe Jodi , Loomis Ryan , Bergner Jennifer , Graninger Dawn , Rajappan Mahesh , Öberg Karin I.
Published: January 2016

The relative desorption energies of CO and N2 are key to interpretations of observed interstellar CO and N2 abundance patterns, including the well-documented CO and N2H+ anti-correlations in disks, protostars, and molecular cloud cores. Based on laboratory experiments on pure CO and N2 ice desorption, the difference between CO and N2 desorption energies is small; the N2-to-CO desorption energy ratio is 0.93 ± 0.03. Interstellar ices are not pure, however, and in this study we explore the effect of water ice on the desorption energy ratio of the two molecules. We present temperature programmed desorption experiments of different coverages of 13CO and 15N2 on porous and compact amorphous water ices and, for reference, of pure ices. In all experiments, 15N2 desorption begins a few degrees before the onset of 13CO desorption. The 15N2 and 13CO energy barriers are 770 and 866 K for the pure ices, 1034–1143 K and 1155–1298 K for different submonolayer coverages on compact water ice, and 1435 and 1575 K for ∼1 ML of ice on top of porous water ice. For all equivalent experiments, the N2-to-CO desorption energy ratio is consistently 0.9. Whenever CO and N2 ice reside in similar ice environments (e.g., experience a similar degree of interaction with water ice) their desorption temperatures should thus be within a few degrees of one another. A smaller N2-to-CO desorption energy ratio may be present in interstellar and circumstellar environments if the average CO ice molecules interacts more with water ice compared to the average N2 molecules.
ABSENCE OF SIGNIFICANT COOL DISKS IN YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS EXHIBITING REPETITIVE OPTICAL OUTBURSTS
Authors: Liu Hauyu Baobab , Galván-Madrid Roberto , Vorobyov Eduard I. , Kóspál Ágnes , Rodríguez Luis F. , Dunham Michael M. , Hirano Naomi , Henning Thomas , Takami Michihiro , Dong Ruobing , Hashimoto Jun , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Carrasco-González Carlos
Published: January 2016

We report Submillimeter Array 1.3 mm high angular resolution observations toward the four EXor-type outbursting young stellar objects VY Tau, V1118 Ori, V1143 Ori, and NY Ori. The data mostly show low dust masses M
dust in the associated circumstellar disks. Among the sources, NY Ori possesses a relatively massive disk with M
dust ∼ 9 × 10−4
M
⊙. V1118 Ori has a marginal detection equivalent to M
dust ∼ 6 × 10−5
M
⊙. V1143 Ori has a non-detection also equivalent to M
dust < 6 × 10−5
M
⊙. For the nearest source, VY Tau, we get a surprising non-detection that provides a stringent upper limit M
dust < 6 × 10−6
M
⊙. We interpret our findings as suggesting that the gas and dust reservoirs that feed the short-duration, repetitive optical outbursts seen in some EXors may be limited to the small-scale, innermost region of their circumstellar disks. This hot dust may have escaped our detection limits. Follow-up, more sensitive millimeter observations are needed to improve our understanding of the triggering mechanisms of EXor-type outbursts.
NEUTRON-STAR MERGER EJECTA AS OBSTACLES TO NEUTRINO-POWERED JETS OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
Authors: Just O. , Obergaulinger M. , Janka H.-T. , Bauswein A. , Schwarz N.
Published: January 2016

We present the first special relativistic, axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations of black hole-torus systems (approximating general relativistic gravity) as remnants of binary-neutron star (NS–NS) and neutron star–black hole (NS–BH) mergers, in which the viscously driven evolution of the accretion torus is followed with self-consistent energy-dependent neutrino transport and the interaction with the cloud of dynamical ejecta expelled during the NS–NS merging is taken into account. The modeled torus masses, BH masses and spins, and the ejecta masses, velocities, and spatial distributions are adopted from relativistic merger simulations. We find that energy deposition by neutrino annihilation can accelerate outflows with initially high Lorentz factors along polar low-density funnels, but only in mergers with extremely low baryon pollution in the polar regions. NS–BH mergers, where polar mass ejection during the merging phase is absent, provide sufficiently baryon-poor environments to enable neutrino-powered, ultrarelativistic jets with terminal Lorentz factors above 100 and considerable dynamical collimation, favoring short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs), although their typical energies and durations might be too small to explain the majority of events. In the case of NS–NS mergers, however, neutrino emission of the accreting and viscously spreading torus is too short and too weak to yield enough energy for the outflows to break out from the surrounding ejecta shell as highly relativistic jets. We conclude that neutrino annihilation alone cannot power sGRBs from NS–NS mergers.
THE ROLE OF MEAN-MOTION RESONANCES IN SEMIMAJOR AXIS MOBILITY OF ASTEROIDS
Authors: Milić Žitnik Ivana , Novaković Bojan
Published: January 2016

Here, we report our findings about the effect of 11 two-body mean-motion resonances (MMRs) with Jupiter, on the mobility of an asteroid’s semimajor axis caused by the Yarkovsky effect. This study is accomplished using numerical integrations of test particles. The obtained results reveal that MMRs could either speed up or slow down the drift in the semimajor axis. Moreover, this allows us to determine the distribution that represents the best data obtained for time delays dtr caused by the resonances on the mobility of an asteroid. We also found a certain functional relationship that describes dependence of the average time lead/lag

on the strength of the resonance SR and the semimajor axis drift speed da/dt. As the Yarkovsky effect scales as

, an important consequence of this relationship is that average time lead/lag

is directly proportional to the diameter D of an asteroid.
Le sceau de Samsî-Addu
Authors: Patrier Julie
Published: January 2016

Attesté depuis la publication de N. Özgüç en 1980, le sceau du roi Samsî-Addu n’était toujours pas connu dans son ensemble. Grâce à des photos encore inédites de deux documents de Mari, il est désormais possible d’en proposer une restitution presque complète et d’en proposer une étude détaillée. Après avoir exposé ses caractéristiques techniques, on analysera la titulature et l’iconographie développées par le souverain sur son sceau, traduisant probablement une volonté de la part de ce dernier de s’inscrire dans la lignée des rois paléo-assyriens et de souligner sa légitimité accordée par le dieu Aššur. Contrairement à ce que l’on pensait jusqu’ici, il semblerait également plus prudent de considérer qu’on ne connaît, pour le moment, qu’un seul sceau au nom de Samsî-Addu. Enfin, l’étude des documents sur lequel il apparaît montre que le roi l’utilisait autant pour sa correspondance que pour les envois officiels.
Un poisson de Larsa restauré : bijou, amulette, offrande ?
Authors: Thomas Ariane
Published: January 2016

Trouvée en 1933 à Larsa et aujourd’hui conservée au Musée du Louvre, une petite plaque métallique en forme de poisson a récemment retrouvé une forme complète suite à sa restauration. A cette occasion, la présente étude propose de s’interroger sur cet objet inédit daté du Bronze moyen qui pourrait avoir servi de parure et/ou d’offrande ou bien d’amulette.
Schizophrenia and the Problem of Suffering in the Ludlul Hymn to Marduk
Authors: Piccin Michela , Worthington Martin
Published: January 2016

Le poème babylonien ludlul bēl nēmeqi commence avec un “hymne” au dieu Marduk, qui inclut d’une façon paradoxale l’éloge de la colère du dieu et de sa miséricorde, en lui donnant un caractère “schizophrénique”. Selon notre interpretation, l’hymne proclame en fait que la vraie nature du dieu est d’être bienveillant et miséricordieux. Ce message est transmis par des stratégies structurelles élaborées et des usages lexicaux sophistiqués. À sa façon, cet hymne est une œuvre de théologie systématique qui explore les relations entre le problème de la souffrance et le caractère du dieu qui la cause.
Martin Heidegger, de la Grande Guerre au nazisme : la « brutalisation » d’un philosophe (1914-1933) ?
Authors: Payen Guillaume
Published: January 2016

Dans quelle mesure l’évolution de Martin Heidegger le conduisant en 1933 à appeler à « l’anéantissement total » de l’ennemi intérieur peut-elle être comprise par la théorie de George Mosse de la « brutalisation » de la politique allemande après la Première Guerre mondiale ? Vétéran quoique n’ayant pas connu la première ligne, Heidegger fut en effet radicalisé par son expérience de l’armée, sans que c’en fût la seule cause : le « mythe de l’expérience de la guerre », diffusé par la culture du temps, de même que la paix brutale subie par l’Allemagne, jouèrent également un rôle significatif et conforme aux thèses de Mosse. Cela n’aurait pu avoir lieu sans les arrière-plans idéologiques critiques de Heidegger : d’abord un catholicisme intransigeant, puis les idéaux du Mouvement de jeunesse, enfin le nazisme.
Du ralentissement au déraillement : le développement du sabotage en France (1897-1914)
Authors: Pinsolle Dominique
Published: January 2016

Adopté par la CGT en 1897, le sabotage est au départ conçu comme une dégradation volontaire et clandestine de la qualité du travail, du matériel ou de la production elle-même, afin de nuire uniquement aux intérêts de l’employeur. Aux yeux de certains militants, il devient à partir de la grève des Postes de 1909, et plus encore après celle des cheminots de 1910, un mode d’action susceptible de paralyser le pays tout entier, avant d’occuper une place centrale dans les plans de « sabotage de la mobilisation » élaborés au sein des milieux anarchistes. Cet article vise à comprendre comment une pratique au départ marginale et cantonnée au lieu de production a pu constituer une menace d’ampleur nationale dans les années précédant le premier conflit mondial.
Renseignement, propagande et réseaux gaullistes outre-mer. Jacques Foccart et les Antilles-Guyane sous la IV e République
Authors: Mary Sylvain
Published: January 2016

L’intérêt que portent les travaux d’historiens à la carrière de Jacques Foccart n’a pas permis jusqu’ici de dévoiler un versant important de son activité : son rôle de conseiller du général de Gaulle et de Georges Pompidou aux Antilles-Guyane. C’est pourtant dans ces trois départements qu’il s’initie à la politique, dès 1947, pour le compte du RPF. Quelque temps avant le déploiement de ses fonctions en Afrique, l’environnement postcolonial des Antilles-Guyane se présente à lui comme un terrain d’apprentissage et un laboratoire d’expérimentation. Entre milieux d’affaires et activités de renseignement, on assiste à la naissance d’un homme de l’ombre qui allie une connaissance pratique de la politique à la possession de réseaux à travers l’outre-mer, en mesure d’expliquer son ascension rapide dans la hiérarchie gaulliste.
« Maréchaux de la curiosité » et critiques : la diversité des discours sur la peinture à la fin du XVIII e siècle siècle
Authors: Bakkali Sarah
Published: January 2016

Résumé On sépare traditionnellement les discours sur la production artistique entre ceux de la critique officielle du Salon, prétendument légitime et désintéressée, et ceux du monde du commerce, souvent considéré avec méfiance par cette critique et les institutions. Cette étude s’interroge sur la place du « discours marchand » dans l’ensemble des discours sur la peinture à la fin du XVIII e  siècle.Nous abordons d’abord les origines de ce discours marchand et tentons d’en définir les contours et le profil de ses orateurs. Nous évoquons ensuite la place de ce discours face à ce qu’on appelle la « critique » au travers des trois principaux enjeux : l’autorité morale à discourir, la légitimité du jugement et la promotion d’un art édifiant et patriotique.Sur ce dernier enjeu, il apparaît à la fin du XVIII e  siècle un net rapprochement entre les deux discours. On observe en particulier que les plus importants marchands de l’époque n’hésitent pas à littéralement s’approprier la posture et le discours du critique. Cette mutation s’inscrit dans une stratégie de construction d’une image et aussi de rapprochement avec le pouvoir et les institutions, et en premier lieu le Muséum.
Le privilège des femmes dans la critique d’art en France, 1785-1815
Authors: Belnap Jensen Heather , Sofio Séverine
Published: January 2016

Résumé De 1785 à 1815, un groupe réduit mais extrêmement visible d’écrivaines – certaines anonymes, d’autres plus reconnues – a publié plusieurs textes sur les beaux-arts dans la presse périodique ainsi que dans des romans, des guides touristiques, des mémoires et d’autres espaces littéraires, contribuant ainsi au domaine naissant de la critique d’art. Étant donné leur position extérieure ou marginale vis-à-vis de l’Académie et des instances officielles de régulation du monde de l’art, ces femmes sont demeurées à la périphérie de celui-ci. Néanmoins, elles ont su capitaliser sur leur statut d’outsider en mettant en avant leur identité de femme dans leurs écrits, afin de faire de leur appartenance sexuée l’origine d’un point de vue privilégié sur l’art contemporain et la société de leur temps. En mobilisant la théorie féministe du point de vue ( standpoint theory ) qui soutient que les individus provenant des marges de l’espace social ont une conscience alternative des phénomènes sociaux, cet article montre comment certaines femmes qui ont écrit sur l’art ont fondé leur droit à contribuer à la critique d’art en raison de leur sensibilité particulière, de leur supériorité morale et de leur capacité à proposer des critiques sincères et impartiales.
Le commerce de la critique : journalisme musical et corruption au milieu du xix e siècle
Authors: Campos Rémy
Published: January 2016

Résumé Au xix e  siècle, le développement d’une presse musicale spécialisée et la présence dans la plupart des quotidiens et des revues de feuilletons dédiés à l’actualité musicale ont multiplié les occasions de controverses artistiques. Celles-ci ont été généralement étudiées d’un point de vue exclusivement esthétique. À partir d’une querelle sur la nature de la musique liturgique et plus précisément sur le style idéal de la musique d’orgue à l’église déclenchée en 1856 par le plus célèbre critique musical du moment, François-Joseph Fétis, cet article met à jour la nature complexe de la critique musicale, en prise directe avec des intérêts financiers parfois considérables alors qu’elle proteste sans cesse de son désintéressement.Le décalage entre discours public et commerce de l’art est particulièrement frappant dans les correspondances privées. Dans le cas étudié, les manœuvres occultes d’Aristide Cavaillé-Coll, chef d’une manufacture d’orgue parmi les plus prospères d’Europe pour imposer tel ou tel artiste lors de l’inauguration de l’un de ses instruments, déterminent les prises de position dans l’espace public de la plupart des acteurs du scandale déclenché par Fétis. Ainsi, ce qui semblait une pure controverse esthétique s’avère sous-tendu par une économie du jugement qui ne s’élabore pas seulement dans la solitude du cabinet du critique mais est la résultante d’un jeu de forces en prise directe avec le marché des biens musicaux.
Islam and Modernity
Authors: Ziadeh Radwan
Published: January 2016

The problem of Islam and modernity has been an important point of discussion in the Arab and Islamic world for decades, though this discussion has taken various forms, such as being called the conflict between the past and the present, or tradition and progress. This discussion has hidden within it clear contradictions when seeking compromise between the Abrahamic religions and present times throughout history. This conflict first appeared in the geographic area known as the Islamic world and looked much like the Age of Enlightenment in Europe in the eighteenth century. However, the true meaning of the conflict revolved around the capacity of Islam as a religion to be compatible with modernity and its philosophy, precepts, politics, and historical facts. This means that Islam was obliged to come into agreement with modernity, which became like the soul and language of the present.
Preparing International Students for a Competitive Job Market
Authors: Miller Julie , Berkey Becca , Griffin Francis
Published: January 2016

Given the current climate of fierce competition for work, universities are working tirelessly to prepare students for their future professional endeavors. Forms of experiential education, including service-learning and cooperative education, are increasingly used to augment traditional teaching tools and on-campus career services, particularly for domestic students. This chapter describes a mixed methods study that explored professional and vocational challenges faced by international students at Northeastern University. The authors examined experiences of students who have engaged in one of two pathway programs at the university. One pathway program includes service-learning and the other pathway program does not. Data from students and staff illuminate the challenges international students face in obtaining and maintaining paid positions. Study findings are used to offer best practices for professional development staff in preparing international students for future career success.
Internationalization of the Curriculum for Italian and International Postgraduate Students
Authors: Katsara Ourania
Published: January 2016

Internationalization of the curriculum (IoC) has been widely discussed in the literature but there is little research regarding the link between internationalization and language policies in higher education institutions. This chapter offers a comprehensive literature review indicating there is a gap in systematic research on designing effective curricula which could be used to justify the need for IoC. In particular, the author discusses a preliminary questionnaire survey analysing students' opinions on the usefulness of a short English for Academic Purposes (EAP) course within the context of Erasmus teaching in University of Basilicata, Italy. The main findings of the investigation indicated that Italian and International postgraduate students showed specific preferences towards academic writing skills that need to be taught in short seminars giving prominence to guided teaching activities. Finally, the author offers some implications emphasising the importance of a careful examination of the process of internationalization and its relationship to the implementation of language policies within the departmental curriculum.
Aren't We All International Students?
Authors: Stephenson Grace Karram , Gabay Danielle N.
Published: January 2016

International university branch-campuses (IBCs) host a diverse body of students whose identities cannot be captured through the binary definitions of international or local. Of significant interest are regions where IBCs cater mainly to minority, expatriate and mobile students. For Western universities, many of which have long-standing traditions and approaches to student support, understanding the nuances of these groups is essential to facilitate their success. This chapter describes and contextualizes the changing population of students that Western universities are servicing at IBCs. Using the case studies of Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates, IBCs in these regions are shown to host a variety of students, most of which face significant degrees of social marginalization within the broader society. These new contexts, and their current programs, are contrasted with the traditional literature on international student supports to establish a new model with which to conceptualize and nurture diverse students in global contexts.
Fuzzy Random Regression-Based Modeling in Uncertain Environment
Authors: Arbaiy Nureize , Watada Junzo , Lin Pei-Chun
Published: January 2016

The parameter value determination is important to avoid the developed mathematical model is troublesome and may yield inappropriate results. However, estimating the weights of the parameter or objective functions in the mathematical model is sometimes not easy in real situations, especially when the values are unavailable or difficult to decide. Additionally, various uncertainties include in the statistical data makes common mathematical analysis is not competent to deal with. Hence, this paper presents the Fuzzy Random Regression approach to determine the coefficient whereby statistical data used contain uncertainties namely, fuzziness and randomness. The proposed methods are able to provide coefficient information in the model setting and consideration of uncertainties in the evaluation process. The assessment of coefficient value is given by Weight Absolute Percentage Error of Fuzzy Decision. It clarifies the results between fuzzy decision and non-fuzzy decision that shows the distance of different between both approaches. Finally, a real-life application of production planning models is provided to illustrate the applicability of the proposed algorithms to a practical case study.
Measuring Semantic-Based Structural Similarity in Multi-Relational Networks
Authors: Sun Yunchuan , Bie Rongfang , Zhang Junsheng
Published: January 2016

Measuring graph similarity is a primary issue for graph-related applications. Many works have been proposed on simple topology-based structural similarity measuring for networks. It is not enough for semantic-rich networks like semantic networks, semantic link networks, and event-linked networks where semantic-based structural similarity measuring is more important than topology-based structure similarity measuring. In this paper, the authors introduce a semantic-based structural similarity for the first time and then propose an approach to measure the semantic-based structural similarity between networks with the computing theory for semantic relations as the foundation. A case study in semantic link network of the scientific research is also presented to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
A Blind Signature-Based Approach for Cross-Domain Authentication in the Cloud Environment
Authors: Castiglione Aniello , Palmieri Francesco , Chen Chin-Ling , Chang Yao-Chung
Published: January 2016

In recent years, Cloud services have become an important part of people's lives, providing them with a large amount of IT resources, available from anywhere and at any time. The access to the services offered is controlled basing on users' identification credentials. As people acquire services from multiple cloud providers, in order to avoid the proliferation of identities associated to a single user, new cross-organization authentication methods, allowing the authorized transfer of users' identification data from one Cloud to another, are emerging. However, since most of these techniques do not protect adequately users' private information, attackers can easily intercept and tamper with confidential identity-related messages. In this paper, the authors use the characteristics of blind signatures to support user verification of the registering provider, to protect the user's identity, and to address known vulnerabilities in these systems. In addition, they use a strong designated verifier signature with message recovery characteristics to strengthen data communication security in the whole process.
Recent Developments on Security and Reliability in Large-Scale Data Processing with MapReduce
Authors: Esposito Christian , Ficco Massimo
Published: January 2016

The demand to access to a large volume of data, distributed across hundreds or thousands of machines, has opened new opportunities in commerce, science, and computing applications. MapReduce is a paradigm that offers a programming model and an associated implementation for processing massive datasets in a parallel fashion, by using non-dedicated distributed computing hardware. It has been successfully adopted in several academic and industrial projects for Big Data Analytics. However, since such analytics is increasingly demanded within the context of mission-critical applications, security and reliability in MapReduce frameworks are strongly required in order to manage sensible information, and to obtain the right answer at the right time. In this paper, the authors present the main implementation of the MapReduce programming paradigm, provided by Apache with the name of Hadoop. They illustrate the security and reliability concerns in the context of a large-scale data processing infrastructure. They review the available solutions, and their limitations to support security and reliability within the context MapReduce frameworks. The authors conclude by describing the undergoing evolution of such solutions, and the possible issues for improvements, which could be challenging research opportunities for academic researchers.
Strategies for Promoting Research Culture to Support Knowledge Society
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: January 2016

Research is deemed to be of more value when it rightly augments the economic development processes. Research is all the most important in today's era as the society today is knowledge grounded. Research especially in business area and any other social sciences cannot be merely conjectural – there is greater need to understand and include the practical aspects. In particular, there are a number of new and exciting digital technologies, which offer researchers considerable advantages in terms of speed, access connectivity and economy. Through in depth literature review and contextual analysis, the aim of this paper is to aid institutions and scholars in recognizing the gains of adapting inclusive approach, suggesting strategies for promoting research culture to support knowledge society so that the world of academia continues to excel in its role of knowledge creation, knowledge transfer and knowledge dissemination.
System Heating Using Convection of Mechanical Power through Sonique and Ultrasonique Waves
Authors: Tică Bebe
Published: January 2016

One between fundamental problems of mechanical engineering are accordingly to available energy from nature after an adequate modification at a certain point where is using to generate a practical operation. Sonique theory establish by romanian scientist George Constantinescu is one of the method who permit this operation. This paper is demonstrating possibility for using mechanical power-transmission through sonique and ultrasonique waves in heating systems, in economic advantages conditions. Applications of this theory is to generate heat with sonique and ultrasonique waves, and pass over (send forward) through cold pipes, and heating only sonique resistance at wished place
A Method of Performing the Supercharging Process at the Engines Researched on the Test Bench
Authors: Leahu Cristian Ioan , Chiru Anghel , Dogariu Dan Mihai
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we submit an advanced solution for the optimization of the supercharging process in the engines that are experimentally researched on the test bench. This solution may be applied only to the engines set on the test bench, whose energy, economic or ecological performances require an impetus by the optimization of the supercharging process. Cutting-edge automatic equipment for the achievement of the supercharging process should be used, with a view to studying and improving the behaviour of the experimentally researched engines, depending on the intensity of the supercharging process. In this way, the parameters to be fulfilled by the supercharging aggregate, which will equip the internal combustion engine, during its exploitation, will be known.
Theoretical and Experimental Researches Regard the Use of Bioethanol at the Supercharged Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: Obeid Obeid Zuhair H. , Pana Constantin , Negurescu Niculae , Cernat Alexandru , Bondoc Iulius
Published: January 2016

The use of bioethanol as alternative fuel for automotive supercharged spark ignition engines is required especially for to respect the pollutant norms which become more and more severe, especially for NOx emissions.The general objective of the researches is improving of a automotive supercharged spark ignition engine efficiency, improving performance of power and torque and decreasing of the emissions level by the use of bioethanol. Bioethanol is so a very good alternative fuel for SI engines because of its better combustion proprieties comparative to the gasoline as a good cooling agent of the intake air due to its high vaporization heat.The paper presents results of some theoretical and experimental investigations on a 1.5 L supercharged SI engine fuelled with gasoline-bioethanol blends. The investigations show that the improvement of the combustion process by use the bioethanol at the supercharged spark ignition engine leads to the reduction of BSFC, to the accentuated reduction CO and HC due to a lower C content and better combustion properties of the bioethanol. In same time, the NOx emissions level significantly decreases because of the local cooling effect produced by bioethanol vaporization.
Cold Engine’s Operating Regime Influence over the Exhaust Emissions
Authors: Tarulescu Stelian , Cofaru Corneliu , Tarulescu Radu
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a study regarding the emissions caused by the running of a cold engine and studies the influence of the four-stroke gasoline engine’s temperature on CO2, CO, HC emissions. Experimental research has been done for three light vehicles equipped with a 1390 cm3 Renault spark ignition engines. Several test have been made under different temperature conditions by using a BEA Emission Analyser - Bosch. The experimental data have shown that the engine’s temperature has an influence on CO2, CO, HC emissions. The results show that the highest pollutants values are recorded for low exhaust gases temperature and for cold engine’s running regime.
Opportunities, Challenges and Future Prospects of Production and Usage of Jatropha Biodiesel as Road Transport Fuel in Romania
Authors: Um Min Allah Fazal
Published: January 2016

Primarily, Romania relies on fossil fuels for its energy needs in transport sector. Increase in prices of conventional fuels, climate change and energy security are the reasons to find alternate solutions. China, Japan, Belgium, Brazil, Tanzania, Mexico, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines and South Africa are already using jatropha biodiesel blends with fossil fuels. Keeping in view food security, Romania has sufficient land to cultivate jatropha. In this paper we tried to find out opportunities to cultivate jatropha in Romania and its economic comparison with fossil fuel usage. On the basis of this study, recommendations will be made for the usage of jatropha biodiesel as future road transport fuel in Romania.
Research Aiming Simultaneously Recycling of Waste Polyolefins by Pyrolysis, in Order to Obtain Some Fuels for Compression Ignition Engines
Authors: Popescu George Liviu , Filip Nicolae , Popescu Violeta
Published: January 2016

This paper presents the undertaken research for the establishment of the compatibility of some polyolefin waste to be recycled by pyrolysis. Polyolefin are materials produced by a polymerization process of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons and represents the most important group of plastic materials. It is important to mention that among polyolefin, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) own the first places as quantity of produced waste. Due to the common origin of the two plastic materials (PE and PP) and the relatively close melting points, we chose them for the obtaining of some fuels which are compatible with compression ignition engines. Starting from 100 % PE, the weight concentration of PP was increased up to 100%, the results of the undertaken experiments and measurements allowed us, in the final, to draw the chart of the variation of the yield of solid-liquid conversion as a function of weight concentration of the two chosen materials subjected to the process of recycling by pyrolysis.
Analysis of a Railcar Engine Damages Using Forensic Investigation
Authors: Ispas Nicolae , Soica Adrian , Nastasoiu Mircea
Published: January 2016

This paper describes the researches made by the authors in order to find the causes were a railcar engine damages. Investigations were made in Brasov and also in Czech Republic, onto engine manufacturer. Important conclusions and results were uses for establish what actions are necessary for such a failure will not reoccur in the future.
Application of Homotopy Analysis Method for Solving Equation of Vehicle’s Move in the Linear Case
Authors: Nicolescu Bogdan N. , Macarie Tiberiu , Petrescu Tudor C.
Published: January 2016

The aim of this paper is to present a comparison between the theoretical frameworks for the simulation of the movement of a vehicle in the linear case, one obtained using the exact solution of the equation of motion, and the other obtained with the solutions given by using homotopy analysis methods. Homotopy analysis methods allows the qualitative analysis of the dynamical system which is associated to a vehicle linear motion case, concerning the parameters involved in this equation of motion, for example, gears stages, adherence coefficient, aerodynamics coefficient, etc.
The Calculation of the Pressure Losses in the Hydraulic Circuit of a Single Regime Operating Thermal-Hydraulic Generator
Authors: Mitran Tudor , Chioreanu Nicolae , Beles Horia , Rus Alexandru , Polojintef-Corbu Nicolae
Published: January 2016

The thermo-hydraulic single regime operating generator is an innovative concept developed for the propulsion of road vehicles. The aim of the paper is to calculate the pressure losses in the hydraulic circuit of the single regime running thermo-hydraulic generator. The calculus is based on a modular approach proposed by. The pressure of the hydraulic liquid is determined by taking into consideration the local and the linear pressure losses in the system. These pressure losses are calculated applying classic formulas. This is important because the free piston displacement depends on the pressures acting on the side surfaces. The calculus algorithm is based on the constructive data of an experimental model.
Implementing New IT Security Solutions in Automotive Immobilizer Systems
Authors: Mircea Marian , Croitorescu Valerian , Oprean Mircea
Published: January 2016

One of the main methods to evaluate, to investigate and to integrate the behavior of security systems within the automotive design is by using modeling and simulation. Due to the fact that the ECUs represent more than 57% from vehicle architecture and they are using protocols to communicate through the CAN networks many possibilities for breaking security of the vehicles successfully may appear. In order to understand all of these aspects and to be able to create a simulation model for immobilizer systems, it is mandatory to represent the features and functions of all components of this kind of systems. Developing a immobilizer model include the possibility of testing virtual models in different conditions and for different functioning modes.
Establish Dependency Relations between Chemical Composition and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy 6082 AlSi1MgMn
Authors: Grigorie Laura Diana , Romanescu Alina Elena , Vintilă Daniela
Published: January 2016

This paper presents mathematical models derived from the study of the chemical composition and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy type 6082 AlSi1MgMn. They were determined based on the study of the chemical composition of 30 batches of alloy 6082 and their mechanical properties. Mathematical models obtained were checked by Fisher test, and the two of them had the optimal coefficient of determination. Aluminum alloy was hot rolled and hardened through heat treatments.
Adaptive Traffic Signal Control on a National Road Intersection
Authors: Matei Lucian , Dumitru Ilie , Racilă Laurențiu , Vînatoru Matei
Published: January 2016

Adaptive traffic signal control is the process by which the timing of a traffic signal is continuously adjusted based on the changing arrival patterns of vehicles at an intersection, usually with the goal of optimizing a given measure of effectiveness. In this paper a traffic signal program is developed in which the characteristics of a traffic signal cycle are optimized at the conclusion of every phase based on the arrival times of vehicles to an intersection, using stopped delay as the measure of effectiveness. The methodology which leads to the signal plan is shown to provide improvement in performance for a number of intersection configurations and traffic regimes over traditional forms of traffic signal control.
Validation of Simulation and Optimization Reconstruction in PС Crash with Video Recorded Sample
Authors: Dima Dragoş Sorin , Covaciu Dinu , Chiru Anghel
Published: January 2016

In many cases we have to estimate the speed of the vehicles involved in an accident. The aim of this paper is to make a brief presentation of some cases solved on the question of speed and dynamics using different methods and presenting the estimated error obtained. So in the paper it will be taken into account the indication of tachograph diagram with pro and contra arguments assuming that this indication is only informative as far as the tachograph is not specially designed as an accident recorder device. In the paper it will be included the reconstruction of the accident using PC Crash facility in optimization method to reduce the error regarding the trajectory and rest position. For validation of this analysis we will provide also a video surveillance camera film high resolution versus simulation of the accident. Keywords: accident reconstruction, simulation, optimization.
Mathematic Model for Analysing the Dynamic Behavior of a Vehicle in the Field of Chaotic Movements
Authors: Simniceanu Loreta , Neagoe Dumitru , Trotea Mario , Bogdan Mihaela Liana , Constantinescu Augustin
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a plane equivalent model of the vehicle and its mathematical model attached. The mathematical model is under a form of four differential equations system of order 1, in order to analyze the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle movement. Its goal is to determine the ranges of speed for that movement is stable or is unstable, or having chaotic character. The authors consider being necessary to know the conditions in which movements occur chaotic movements to avoid them through constructive or functional limitations. Speed ​​values ​​are identified for the behaviour of the system is placed in the quasiperiodic movements field or exceeding these movements trough chaos and are highlighted by the specific instruments: the trajectories in the phase plane, Poincare section and power spectra.
The Study of the New Type of Trim Corrector Efficiency, Based the Tests on Rigs and on Vehicle
Authors: Niculescu Adrian Ioan , Bujoaica Razvan Cristian
Published: January 2016

The paper purpose is to evaluate the efficiency of a new kind of suspension trim corrector based the tests on rigs an on the vehicle. The trim correction is realized by two pneumatic elements placed on the vehicle rear shock absorbers. The tests on rigs were realized on a hydropuls rig recording the force evolution with the stroke for some pneumatic pressure. Then the trim correctors were placed on the vehicle, being tested the trim evolution with the pneumatic pressure for some loaded states. Finally the tests were continued on road to evaluate their well behavior for some loaded vehicle states. All results confirmed the high efficiency of the new trim model and its well behavior on road. This reason the new trim corrector solution is in protection phase.
Molecular Analysis of Lipid-Reactive Vδ1 γδ T Cells Identified by CD1c Tetramers
Authors: Roy Sobhan , Ly Dalam , Castro Caitlin D. , Li Nan-Sheng , Hawk Andrew J. , Altman John D. , Meredith Stephen C. , Piccirilli Joseph A. , Moody D. Branch , Adams Erin J.
Published: January 2016

CD1c is abundantly expressed on human dendritic cells (DC) and B cells, where it binds and displays lipid Ags to T cells. In this study, we report that CD1c tetramers carrying Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphomycoketide bind γδ TCRs. An unbiased method of ligand-based TCR selection detects interactions only with Vδ1+ TCRs, and mutational analyses demonstrate a role of the Vδ1 domain during recognition. These results strengthen evidence for a role of CD1c in the γδ T cell response, providing biophysical evidence for CD1c–γδ TCR interactions and a named foreign Ag. Surprisingly, TCRs also bind CD1c complexes formed with diverse lipids such as lysophosphatidylcholine, sulfatide, or mannosyl-phosophomycoketide, but not lipopeptide ligands. Dissection of TCR interactions with CD1c carrying foreign Ags, permissive ligands, and nonpermissive lipid ligands clarifies the molecular basis of the frequently observed but poorly understood phenomenon of mixed self- and foreign Ag reactivity in the CD1 system.
Clinical and Environmental Surveillance for Vibrio cholerae in Resource Constrained Areas: Application During a 1-Year Surveillance in the Far North Region of Cameroon
Authors: Debes Amanda K. , Ateudjieu Jerome , Guenou Etienne , Ebile Walter , Sonkoua Isaac Tadzong , Njimbia Anthony Chebe , Steinwald Peter , Ram Malathi , Sack David A.
Published: January 2016

Biological confirmation of the presence of Vibrio cholerae in clinical and environmental samples is often constrained due to resource- and labor-intensive gold standard methods. To develop low-cost, simple, and sustainable surveillance techniques, we modified previously published specimen sampling and culture techniques and applied the use of enriched dipstick testing in conjunction with the use of filter paper for DNA specimen preservation during clinical and environmental surveillance in the Far North of Cameroon from August 2013 to October 2014. The enriched dipstick methodology during routine use in a remote setting demonstrated a specificity of 99.8% compared with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The novel application of filter paper as a preservation method for cholera DNA specimens reduced the need for cold chain storage and allowed for PCR characterization and confirmation of V. cholerae. The application of basic technologies such as the enriched dipstick, the use of simplified gauze filtration for environmental sample collection, and the use of filter paper for sample preservation enabled early case identification with reduced logistics and supply cost while reporting minimal false-positive results. Simplified laboratory and epidemiological methodologies can improve the feasibility of cholera surveillance in rural and resource-constrained areas, facilitating early case detection and rapid response implementation.
Evaluation of a Structured Predeparture Orientation at the David Geffen School of Medicine's Global Health Education Programs
Authors: Herbst de Cortina Sasha , Arora Gitanjli , Wells Traci , Hoffman Risa M.
Published: January 2016

Given the lack of a standardized approach to medical student global health predeparture preparation, we evaluated an in-person, interactive predeparture orientation (PDO) at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) to understand program strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement. We administered anonymous surveys to assess the structure and content of the PDO and also surveyed a subset of students after travel on the utility of the PDO. We used Fisher's exact test to evaluate the association between prior global health experience and satisfaction with the PDO. One hundred and five students attended the PDO between 2010 and 2014 and completed the survey. One hundred and four students (99.0%) reported learning new information. Major strengths included faculty mentorship (N = 38, 19.7%), opportunities to interact with the UCLA global health community (N = 34, 17.6%), and sharing global health experiences (N = 32, 16.6%). Of students surveyed after their elective, 94.4% (N = 51) agreed or strongly agreed that the PDO provided effective preparation. Students with prior global health experience found the PDO to be as useful as students without experience (92.7% versus 94.4%, P = 1.0). On the basis of these findings, we believe that a well-composed PDO is beneficial for students participating in global health experiences and recommend further comparative studies of PDO content and delivery.
Safety Leadership Defined within the Australian Construction Industry
Authors: Daniel Luke
Published: January 2016

This research explores the tenets of safety leadership within the Australian construction environment. The scope of this research aims to establish a universal definition of safety leadership and how it differs from other leadership disciplines. The literature review into this topic was governed by the parent disciplines of Safety and Leadership.  Gaps were identified in the literature that indicated safety leadership is not a well-defined concept and much of the work into safety leadership has been borrowed from other schools of leadership. An exploratory research methodology was utilised which rooted the research into the post-positivist methodology. There were twenty interviews conducted for this research, with participants coming from various leadership positions across multiple construction projects around Australia. Findings detailed a saturation of data that allowed for an empirical definition towards safety leadership to be established. As a person’s scope of responsibility increases, their view of safety leadership becomes synonymous with leadership; although differences do exist. These differences were attributed to the importance of demonstrating safety and working within the legal framework of Australian construction projects. It is proposed that this research offers a substantial contribution to knowledge, based upon a well-defined definition into safety leadership.