bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling in Mouse Models of Autism
Authors: Huber Kimberly M. , Klann Eric , Costa-Mattioli Mauro , Zukin R. Suzanne
Published: October 2015

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of a diverse array of cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, autophagy, translation, and actin polymerization. Components of the mTOR cascade are present at synapses and influence synaptic plasticity and spine morphogenesis. A prevailing view is that the study of mTOR and its role in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) will elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which mTOR regulates neuronal function under physiological and pathological conditions. Although many ASDs arise as a result of mutations in genes with multiple molecular functions, they appear to converge on common biological pathways that give rise to autism-relevant behaviors. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling has been identified as a phenotypic feature common to fragile X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis complex 1 and 2, neurofibromatosis 1, phosphatase and tensin homolog, and potentially Rett syndrome. Below are a summary of topics covered in a symposium that presents dysregulation of mTOR as a unifying theme in a subset of ASDs.
Arc-Expressing Neuronal Ensembles Supporting Pattern Separation Require Adrenergic Activity in Anterior Piriform Cortex: An Exploration of Neural Constraints on Learning
Authors: Shakhawat Amin MD. , Gheidi Ali , MacIntyre Iain T. , Walsh Melissa L. , Harley Carolyn W. , Yuan Qi
Published: October 2015

Arcensembles in adult rat olfactory bulb (OB) and anterior piriform cortex (PC) were assessed after discrimination training on highly similar odor pairs. Nonselective α- and β-adrenergic antagonists or saline were infused in the OB or anterior PC during training. OB adrenergic blockade slowed, but did not prevent, odor discrimination learning. After criterion performance,Arcensembles in anterior piriform showed enhanced stability for the rewarded odor and pattern separation for the discriminated odors as described previously. Anterior piriform adrenergic blockade prevented acquisition of similar odor discrimination and of OB ensemble changes, even with extended overtraining. Mitral and granule cellArcensembles in OB showed enhanced stability for rewarded odor only in the saline group. Pattern separation was not seen in the OB. Similar odor discrimination co-occurs with increased stability in rewarded odor representations and pattern separation to reduce encoding overlap. The difficulty of similar discriminations may relate to the necessity to both strengthen rewarded representations and weaken overlap across similar representations.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe show for the first time that adrenoceptors in anterior piriform cortex (aPC) must be engaged for adult rats to learn to discriminate highly similar odors. Loss of adrenergic activation in olfactory bulb (OB) slows, but does not prevent, discrimination learning. Both increased stability of the rewarded odor representation and increased pattern separation of the rewarded and unrewarded odors in aPC accompany successful discrimination. In the OB, rewarded odors increase in ensemble stability, but there is no evidence of pattern separation. We suggest that the slow acquisition of similar odor discriminations is related to the differing plasticity requirements for increased stability and pattern separation.
Pain and Poppies: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Opioid Analgesics
Authors: Trang Tuan , Al-Hasani Ream , Salvemini Daniela , Salter Michael W. , Gutstein Howard , Cahill Catherine M.
Published: October 2015

Treating pain is one of the most difficult challenges in medicine and a key facet of disease management. The isolation of morphine by Friedrich Sertürner in 1804 added an essential pharmacological tool in the treatment of pain and spawned the discovery of a new class of drugs known collectively as opioid analgesics. Revered for their potent pain-relieving effects, even Morpheus the god of dreams could not have dreamt that his opium tincture would be both a gift and a burden to humankind. To date, morphine and other opioids remain essential analgesics for alleviating pain. However, their use is plagued by major side effects, such as analgesic tolerance (diminished pain-relieving effects), hyperalgesia (increased pain sensitivity), and drug dependence. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the key causes of these adverse effects and explores the effect of chronic pain on opioid reward.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChronic pain is pervasive and afflicts >100 million Americans. Treating pain in these individuals is notoriously difficult and often requires opioids, one of the most powerful and effective classes of drugs used for controlling pain. However, their use is plagued by major side effects, such as a loss of pain-relieving effects (analgesic tolerance), paradoxical pain (hyperalgesia), and addiction. Despite the potential side effects, opioids remain the pharmacological cornerstone of modern pain therapy. This review highlights recent breakthroughs in understanding the key causes of these adverse effects and explores the cellular control of opioid systems in reward and aversion. The findings will challenge traditional views of the good, the bad, and the ugly of opioids.
All-Optical Interrogation of Neural Circuits
Authors: Emiliani Valentina , Cohen Adam E. , Deisseroth Karl , Häusser Michael
Published: October 2015

There have been two recent revolutionary advances in neuroscience: First, genetically encoded activity sensors have brought the goal of optical detection of single action potentialsin vivowithin reach. Second, optogenetic actuators now allow the activity of neurons to be controlled with millisecond precision. These revolutions have now been combined, together with advanced microscopies, to allow “all-optical” readout and manipulation of activity in neural circuits with single-spike and single-neuron precision. This is a transformational advance that will open new frontiers in neuroscience research. Harnessing the power of light in the all-optical approach requires coexpression of genetically encoded activity sensors and optogenetic probes in the same neurons, as well as the ability to simultaneously target and record the light from the selected neurons. It has recently become possible to combine sensors and optical strategies that are sufficiently sensitive and cross talk free to enable single-action-potential sensitivity and precision for both readout and manipulation in the intact brain. The combination of simultaneous readout and manipulation from the same genetically defined cells will enable a wide range of new experiments as well as inspire new technologies for interacting with the brain. The advances described in this review herald a future where the traditional tools used for generations by physiologists to study and interact with the brain—stimulation and recording electrodes—can largely be replaced by light. We outline potential future developments in this field and discuss how the all-optical strategy can be applied to solve fundamental problems in neuroscience.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis review describes the nexus of dramatic recent developments in optogenetic probes, genetically encoded activity sensors, and novel microscopies, which together allow the activity of neural circuits to be recorded and manipulated entirely using light. The optical and protein engineering strategies that form the basis of this “all-optical” approach are now sufficiently advanced to enable single-neuron and single-action potential precision for simultaneous readout and manipulation from the same functionally defined neurons in the intact brain. These advances promise to illuminate many fundamental challenges in neuroscience, including transforming our search for the neural code and the links between neural circuit activity and behavior.
α Power Modulation and Event-Related Slow Wave Provide Dissociable Correlates of Visual Working Memory
Authors: Fukuda Keisuke , Mance Irida , Vogel Edward K.
Published: October 2015

Traditionally, electrophysiological correlates of visual working memory (VWM) capacity have been characterized using a lateralized VWM task in which participants had to remember items presented on the cued hemifield while ignoring the distractors presented on the other hemifield. Though this approach revealed a lateralized parieto-occipital negative slow wave (i.e., the contralateral delay activity) and lateralized α power modulation as neural correlates of VWM capacity that may be mechanistically related, recent evidence suggested that these measures might be reflecting individuals' ability to ignore distractors rather than their ability to maintain VWM representations. To better characterize the neural correlates of VWM capacity, we had human participants perform a whole-field VWM task in which they remembered all the items on the display. Here, we found that both the parieto-occipital negative slow wave and the α power suppression showed the characteristics of VWM capacity in the absence of distractors, suggesting that they reflect the maintenance of VWM representations rather than filtering of distractors. Furthermore, the two signals explained unique portions of variance in individual differences of VWM capacity and showed differential temporal characteristics. This pattern of results clearly suggests that individual differences in VWM capacity are determined by dissociable neural mechanisms reflected in the ERP and the oscillatory measures of VWM capacity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur work demonstrates that there exist event-related potential and oscillatory correlates of visual working memory (VWM) capacity even in the absence of task-irrelevant distractors. This clearly shows that the two neural correlates are directly linked to maintenance of task-relevant information rather than filtering of task-irrelevant information. Furthermore, we found that these two correlates show differential temporal characteristics. These results are inconsistent with proposals that the two neural correlates are byproducts of asymmetric α power suppression and indicate that they reflect dissociable neural mechanisms subserving VWM.
Discussion of Animal Stem Cells in the Classroom
Authors: Farenga Stephen J. , Ness Daniel , Hutchinson Michael
Published: October 2015

Learning about stem cells within the context of treating pet illness or injury is an additional way for teachers to discuss the integration of science, technology, and veterinary medicine. We explain how practitioners in veterinary medicine harvest animal stem cells from adipose (fat) tissue in treating pet illness or injury. Further, we narrate how the veterinarian's approach to pet stem cell therapy demonstrates an important step in technological progress in science, one that may lead to medical advances for humans.
The Experimental Detection of an Emotional Response to the Idea of Evolution
Authors: Bland Mark W. , Morrison Elizabeth
Published: October 2015

Evolution is widely regarded as biology's unifying theme, yet rates of rejection of evolutionary science remain high. Anecdotal evidence suggests that cognitive dissonance leading to an emotional response is a barrier to learning about and accepting evolution. We explored the hypothesis that students whose worldviews may be inconsistent with the acceptance of evolution generate detectable emotional responses in the form of physiological changes when exposed to evolutionary themes. Physiological data (respiratory rate, galvanic skin response, and heart rate) were collected from participants while they were asked “yes/no” questions, some of which referenced evolution. Questions were of three categories: relevant, irrelevant, and control. Authenticity of response rates to relevant questions such as “Do you believe in evolution?” were verified using visual inspection to compare degree of response rates with control questions, such as “Have you ever cheated on a test?” Our results support our hypothesis. Of the 33 participants included in our study, a majority of them produced detectable physiological changes indicating emotional responses when asked questions referencing evolution. The highest response rate (79%) was generated by the question “Do you believe in evolution?” The implications of an emotional response in students when presented with instruction in evolutionary theory are discussed.
Wiki Technology
Authors: Barrera Alessandra L.
Published: October 2015

This study demonstrates the use of wiki technology (an editable webpage environment) to provide a virtual, asynchronous collaborative-learning environment for students for the purpose of working on course-content-focused study-guide questions. To analyze the effectiveness of this course tool, students’ responses to various qualitative and quantitative questions were collected from multiple classes of various levels. Preliminary findings demonstrate that students preferred and were better able to use the wiki cooperative learning group compared with common classroom resources (PowerPoint, videos, in-class group activities, and the textbook).
Growing a Thicker Skin
Authors: Nash Troy R. , Yang Suann , Inman John C.
Published: October 2015

We describe an alternative to the kinds of observation-based lab exercises that are often used to cover animal and plant evolution with respect to transitioning from aquatic to terrestrial habitats. We wrote this activity to address these objectives, but also to model the process of scientific inquiry and to require students to collect and analyze quantitative data. Additionally, we designed this activity so that students must consider the evolution of plant and animal traits in an integrated fashion.
Using a Phototransduction System to Monitor the Isolated Frog Heart
Authors: Stephens Philip J.
Published: October 2015

A simple and inexpensive method of monitoring the movement of an isolated frog heart provides comparable results to those obtained with a force transducer. A commercially available photoresistor is integrated into a Wheatstone bridge circuit, and the output signal is interfaced directly with a recording device. An excised, beating frog heart is placed in a Petri dish and over the photoresistor so that movements produced during the heartbeat cycle change the amount of light entering the photoresistor and, therefore, the voltage output from the circuit. Experiments that can be done with this system include the effects of temperature and dose–response relationships with Ringer's solutions containing acetylcholine and norepinephrine.
Using a Simulation to Illustrate Crosscutting Concepts through a Disease Model
Authors: Bokor Julie , Darwiche Houda , Joseph Drew
Published: October 2015

Using Pompe disease as a context affords the opportunity for students to consider multiple biological concepts and embraces the Next Generation Science Standards Disciplinary Core Ideas Structure and Function (LS1.A) and Inheritance of Traits (LS3.A) as well as Crosscutting Concepts Structure and Function and Cause and Effect. These crosscutting concepts are very much interrelated as we consider progression of disease from the molecular to the organismal level. The concepts are repeatedly emphasized, providing “explicit instructional support” for students to “develop a cumulative, coherent, and usable understanding of science and engineering.” DNA, proteins, enzymes, genetics, and human disease are taught together through the story of patients with Pompe disease as students engage in a simulated clinical assay and genetic analysis and present their findings in grand rounds. The activity is one of multiple lessons sequenced to scaffold student understanding of clinical and translational science, starting with a first-person perspective of a father who loses his infant son to Pompe and concluding with a role play based on actual events surrounding approval of human clinical trials of gene therapy for Pompe disease.
When things go wrong: correcting the scientific record
Authors: Pulverer Bernd
Published: October 2015

A reliable scientific literature is crucial for an efficient research process. Peer review remains a highly successful quality assurance mechanism, but it does not always prevent data and image aberrations and the publication of flawed data. Journals need to be in a position to detect such problems and take proportionate action. Publishers should apply consistent policies to correcting the published literature and adopt versioning. The scientific community ought to encourage corrections.
miR-410 enhanced hESC-derived pancreatic endoderm transplant to alleviate gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mi Yang , Guo Na , He Tongqiang , Ji Jing , Li Zhibin , Huang Pu
Published: October 2015

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition commonly encountered during mid to late pregnancy with pathologic manifestations including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and fetal mal-development. The deficit and dysfunction of insulin secreting β-cells are signature symptoms for GDM. Pancreatic progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were shown to be able to effectively treat diabetes in mice. In this study, we first identified that microRNA-410 (miR-410) directly targets lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), a gene selectively repressed in normal insulin secreting β-cells. hESCs that can be induced to express miR-410 hence keeping LDHA levels in check were then differentiatedin vitrointo pancreatic endoderm, followed by transplantation intodb/+mouse model of GDM. The transplant greatly improved glucose metabolism and reproductive outcome of the pregnant females suffering from GDM. Our findings describe for the first time the method of combining miRNA with hESCs, providing proof of concept by employing genetically modified stem cell therapy for treating GDM.
Benefits of intermittent/continuous androgen deprivation in patients with advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Muresanu Horia
Published: October 2015

Background and aims: Huggins described in 1941 the effect of castration on prostate cancer. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) analogue were introduced in 1985. Complete androgen blocade (association of GNRH analogue with antiandrogen) was introduced by Fernand Labrie to achieve supression of suprarenalian testosterone. Long time androgen deprivation lead to androgen independence of prostate cancer cell.Our principal aim was to demonstrate longer survival rates on prostate cancer patients with intermittent androgen deprivation.Methods: 82 patients were enrolled at the Urology Deparment of West University „Vasile Goldiș” Arad in two groups with continous and intermittent androgen deprivation.Treatment efficiency was assesed by the level of testosterone and PSA.Adverse events (AE) and serious adverse events were reported  according to Common Terminology Cryteria of Adverse Events (CTCAE) of the National Cancer Institute  (NCI).Results:Evolution towards castrate resistant prostate cancer: 12.5% from the intermittent androgen deprivation group and 23.8% from the continues androgen deprivation groupMortality rate: 15% of patients from the intermittent androgen deprivation group; 19% of patients from the continue androgen deprivation group Conclusions:1. Better quality of life (Qo)l in periods without treatment due to testosteron recovery; 2. Less AE’s and methabolic syndrom (MS) related complications; 3. Better survival and longer time of disease control and 4. Cost reduction
Teachers' and University Students' Evaluation of Chosen Didactic Materials According to the Maria Montessori Pedagogy/Učiteljska i studentska procjena odabranoga didaktičkog materijala prema pedagogiji Marije Montessori
Authors: Sablić Marija , Rački Željko , Lesandrić Marija
Published: October 2015

The goal of this research was to explore teachers' and university students' perceptions of material, cognitive and affective-motivational characteristics as well as the acceptance of didactic materials used in Montessori schools. It has been found that both teachers and university students are not familiar enough with alternative pedagogical concepts and believe there's an insufficient number of them in Croatia. While teachers prefer Cosmic Education and Mathematics materials, university students like Language Education materials more, although teachers show more willingness to use Language Education materials in teaching whereas university students use Cosmic Education materials more readily. Both university students and teachers find it most demanding to make Cosmic Education materials, but they also believe such materials to be most concrete. The results have shown that both university students and teachers are more willing to use in teaching such positively evaluated examples of Montessori didactic materials, which have been explored in this research, when they believe them to be valuable, desirable, necessary and useful.   Key words: Cosmic Education; Educational Pluralism; Language Education; Mathematics Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati učiteljske i studentske percepcije materijalnih, kognitivnih i afektivno- motivacijskih karakteristika te prihvaćenosti didaktičkih materijala koji se koriste u školama koje primjenjuju pedagogiju Marije Montessori. Utvrđeno je kako  učitelji i studenti nedovoljno poznaju alternativne pedagoške koncepcije i smatraju da ih u Hrvatskoj ima premalo. Učiteljima se više sviđaju materijali za kozmički odgoj i matematiku, a studentima za jezik, iako učitelji pokazuju veću spremnost koristiti u nastavi materijal za jezik, a studenti za kozmički odgoj. I jedni i drugi materijale za kozmički odgoj smatraju najzahtjevnijima za izradu, ali i najkonkretnijima. Rezultati pokazuju da kada studenti i učitelji procjenjuju materijale vrijednima, poželjnima, potrebnima i korisnima tada ujedno izjavljuju i veću spremnost za korištenje tako pozitivno procijenjenih, a u ovom istraživanju ispitivanih, primjera Montessori didaktičkih materijala i u svojoj nastavi.   Ključne riječi: jezični odgoj; kozmički odgoj; matematika; pedagoški pluralizam
Modeling Pre-Service Teachers’ Perception of Future Internet Usage for Professional Educational Purposes / Modeliranje percepcije buduće stručne obrazovne uporabe interneta predavača početnika
Authors: CANAN GUNGOREN Ozlem , HORZUM Mehmet Barış
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study sought to consider whether there are correlations between pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards the Internet, web pedagogical content knowledge, and the perception of future Internet usage for professional educational purposes. Using the stratified sampling method, 503 university students were selected to participate in the study. For the statistical analyses, structural equation modeling was utilized. Research results indicated that pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards the Internet were a positive predictor of their web pedagogical content knowledge. Also, the perception of future Internet use for professional educational purposes was explained by web pedagogical content knowledge and the attitudes towards the Internet. In conclusion, pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards the Internet use were found to positively affect the transfer of their web pedagogical content knowledge into the classes. In addition, results indicated that pre-service teachers’ web pedagogical content knowledge positively affects their Internet use for professional purposes. Key words: Internet attitude; Internet usage; web pedagogical content knowledge.---SažetakOva studija razmatra tvrdnju da su stav inicijalnog predavača prema Internetu, pedagoško i predmetno tehnološko znanje i percepcija buduće stručne obrazovne uporabe interneta povezani. Sudionike istraživanja činila su 503 sveučilišna studenta. Primijenjeno je stratificirano uzorkovanje. Za statističke analize koristilo se modeliranje strukturalnim jednadžbama. Kao rezultat utvrđeno je da je pedagoško i predmetno tehnološko znanje inicijalnog predavača pozitivno predviđeno stavom prema Internetu. Štoviše, percepcija buduće stručne obrazovne uporabe interneta objašnjena je pedagoškim i predmetnim tehnološkim znanjem i stavom prema internetu. Ustanovljeno je da stav inicijalnog predavača prema korištenju interneta ima pozitivan utjecaj na prijenos pedagoškog i predmetnog tehnološkog znanja na predavanju. Također je ustanovljeno da pedagoško i predmetno tehnološko znanje inicijalnog predavača pozitivno utječe na njihovo korištenje interneta u zanimanju.Ključne riječi: korištenje interneta; pedagoško i predmetno tehnološko znanje;  stav prema internetu.
The Association between Perceived Social Support and Self-Efficacy of Turkish Elementary School Children / Povezanost percepcije društvene podrške i samoučinkovitosti kod učenika osnovnih škola u Turskoj
Authors: Ozsaker Murat , YARDIMCI Figen , GERÇEKER Gülçin Özalp , MUSLU Gonca Karayağız
Published: October 2015

AbstractPositive power is very important for adolescents' physical and mental health. The sample for the study was composed of a total of 760 students in the 6th, 7th and 8th grades from 7 elementary schools. The sociodemographic data form, the “Child-Adolescent Social Support Scale” (CASSS) for measuring the social support perceived and the “Middle School Self-efficacy Scale” for measuring self-efficacy were used. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between the social support perceived and elementary school students' self-efficacy and the variables that influence perceived social support and self-efficacy. A positive relationship was determined between the CASSS and point averages on the sub-scales, the Middle School Self-efficacy Scale and the sub-scales of the students (p<0.001). It was established that the perceived social support in adolescents has affected their self-efficacy skills. It is recommended that professionals dealing with adolescent health should guide the adolescents by using social support and health self-efficacy on gaining skills for health protection, promotion and to take over the responsibility of their own health. Key words: adolescents; health promotion; primary schools; self-efficacy; social support; sports participant.---SažetakVrlo je važno da adolescenti imaju pozitivan utjecaj na vlastito fizičko i mentalno zdravlje. Uzorak u istraživanju činilo je 760 učenika u šestom, sedmom i osmom razredu iz sedam osnovnih škola. U istraživanju su upotrijebljeni društveno-demografski podaci iz obrasca Skale CASS (Child-Adolscent Social Support Scale) za mjerenje percepcije društvene podrške i Skale za mjerenje samoučinkovitosti za više razrede osnovne škole (Middle School Self-efficacy Scale). Istraživanje je provedeno kako bi se istražila povezanost percepcije društvene podrške i samoučinkovitosti učenika u osnovnoj školi i varijabla koje utječu na percepciju društvene podrške i samoučinkovitost. Pozitivan odnos uočen je između Skale CASS i prosječnih bodova podskala, kao i Skale za mjerenje samoučinkovitosti u višim razredima i podskala za učenike (p<0.001). Zaključeno je da je percepcija društvene podrške kod adolescenata utjecala na njihove vještine samoučinkovitosti. Preporuča se da stručnjaci koji se bave zdravljem adolescenata vode svoje adolescente koristeći se društvenom podrškom i zdravom samoučinkovitošću kako bi stekli vještine zaštite zdravlja, promidžbe zdravoga života i odgovornosti za vlastito zdravlje. Ključne riječi: adolescenti; društvena podrška; osnovne škole; promidžba zdravog življenja; samoučinkovitost; sudionik u sportu
Encyclia cajalbanensis (Orchidaceae), una especie nueva de la flora cubana
Authors: Mújica Benítez Ernesto , Bocourt Vigil José , Pupulin Franco
Published: October 2015

Se describe e ilustrra una nueva especie de Encyclia, endémica de la meseta de Cajálbana en Cuba. Encyclia cajalbanensis es parecida a E. fucata, de la cual se diferencia por el mayor tamaño de las plantas y por el labelo mucho más grande, con el lóbulo medio reniforme, suborbicular.
El complejo de Campyloneurum angustifolium (Sw.) Fée (Polypodiaceae) en Costa Rica
Authors: Rojas Alvarado Alexander Francisco
Published: October 2015

Se analiza el complejo de Campyloneurum angustifolium en Costa Rica. Como resultado, se describe una nueva especie (C. gracile A.Rojas) y se ofrece un cuadro comparativo y una clave para el grupo.
Checklist of copepods (Crustacea: Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Harpacticoida) from Wyoming, USA, with new state records
Authors: Reeves Will K.
Published: October 2015

I present a comprehensive checklist of the copepod fauna of Wyoming, USA with 41 species of copepods; based on museum specimens, literature reviews, and active surveillance. Of these species 19 were previously unknown from the state. This check­list includes species in the families Centropagidae, Cyclopidae, Diaptomidae, Ergasilidae, Laophontidae, Lern­aeopodidae, and Lernaeidae.
Il poeta sotto la tenda: reminiscenze ungarettiane e sereniane nei versi d’esordio di Nelo Risi.
Authors:   Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Francesco Lattarulo Salvatore
Published: October 2015

THE POET IN HIS TENT: THE INFLUENCES OF GIUSEPPE UNGARETTI AND VITTORIO SERENI ON NELO RISI’S EARLY WORKS L’Esperienza (Experience, 1948) can truly be considered the first stage of Nelo Risi’s (b. 1920) poetic career. However, this early work of his was poorly received when it first came out. Some poems of this collection were included in two later editions of a book by the title Polso Teso (Strained Wrist), in the section entitled Le Vacche Magre (Lean Cows). this editorial decision marked the author’s willingness to use his first real poetic work as the starting point of his solid and personally chosen literary journey. However, as a detailed analysis of L’Esperienza reveals, the lyrical onset of the author is still heavily influenced by the literary tradition. As a result, the first section of the book, La Tenda (The Tent), comprises elements borrowed from Giuseppe Ungaretti’s Il Porto Sepolto (The Buried Harbour) and Vittorio Sereni’s Diario d’Algeria (Algerian Diary). All of this is in stark contrast with the author’s actual aim, which is to distance himself from literature in order to embrace reality. In particular, the common topos of ‘tent’, which is a narrow and precarious space, becomes the sign of the poet’s permanent condition of imprisonment and also exile after the war. therefore, homecoming is a problematic occurrence because it is very difficult for the poet to return, to come back to himself and thus regain his primary identity.
L’Italia negli occhi dei giovani. La condizione lavorativa italiana degli ultimi venti anni raccontata attraverso la letteratura.
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Stasiak Patrycja
Published: October 2015

ITALY IN THE EYES OF THE YOUNG. THE ITALIAN WORKING CONDITIONS OF THE LAST TWENTY YEARS AS RENDERED IN LITERATURE This paper examines how the working conditions in Italy are represented in the literature of the last 20 years written by young authors, from the 1990s and the beginnings of Postmodernism’s influence on young people, up to the new century and its relative propensity for risk-taking. this article examines the changes that have occurred to society and its needs; emphasis is placed on the evolution of legal regulations and on the creation of the new literary topos, such as the call centre—a contemporary non-place of the precariat. In this article, much attention is paid to the necessity of writing as a method of capturing the reality, or simply as a way of making a living. the aforementioned issue, which is highly topical, became the subject of numerous novels written by the young and often unemployed. especially in recent years, this literary protest emerged to condemn flexible employment contracts. It is worthwhile to mention the following recent works related to these issues: Il Mondo Deve Sapere (Murgia) and Generazione Mille Euro (Incorvaia, Rimassa), as well as the classic Tutti Giù per Terra (Culicchia). the literary aspects of this essay are enriched by the theories of zygmunt Bauman, Richard Sennett, Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens to give an overall picture of the contemporary work conditions of the young, combining theory with real experiences.
Soluzioni legali o scelta libera: quale politica adottare verso gli anglicismi nell’italiano contemporaneo?
Authors:   Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Karczewska Małgorzata
Published: October 2015

LEGAL SOLUTIONS OR FREE CHOICE: WHAT POLICY SHOULD BE ADOPTED TOWARDS ANGLICISMS IN CONTEMPORARY ITALIAN? In contemporary Italian, just like in other languages, numerous english words are used. they are particularly frequent in the terminology of some branches of science, such as computer science, as well as in the language of young people. In this article, we discuss the issue of an appropriate policy to adopt towards these foreign lexical items. Different approaches to the problem are presented: the liberal approach, in which linguists should only describe linguistic realities rather than prescribe the “right” choices; the conscious approach, in which every speaker of Italian should reflect on his or her lexical choices; and the most radical approach, in which some official solutions are to be introduced. One of these solutions is the project of the Consiglio Superiore della Lingua Italiana, whose task would be to protect the Italian language against loanwords of english origin.
Factors of the Work of National and Foreign Heads of the Pre-school Institutions with International Projects
Authors: Zakutauskienė Dainora
Published: October 2015

The article reviews the attitude of the heads of pre-school institutions towards the experience of working with international projects. Pre-school education is specific by its functions and is of pivotal importance in forming the potential of the state’s human resources.

Attendance in activities of international projects opens important opportunities to pre-school education establishments, while on the other hand requires due professional abilities of the leaders.

Factors stimulating the participation of pre-school institutions in international projects are emphasized along pointing out the obstacles of taking part in activities of international projects. Improvements of the projects activities abilities of the heads of pre-school institutions are researched.

Increasing importance of engagement of pre-school institutions in activities of international projects made the raise for the research of the problem: what are the factors of the work with international projects by the heads of pre-school institutions? The aim of research is to reveal the factors influencing on the work of national and foreign heads of the pre-school institutions with the international projects. The object of research is the factors of participation of the heads of pre-school institutions in international projects. Methods of the research: quantitative analysis – interviewing of Lithuania’s heads of pre-school institutions; qualitative analysis – standard (via questionnaire) interviewing of the Lithuanian, Slovenian, Swedish heads of pre-school institutions; statistical analysis.

Quantitative analysis has showed that Lithuanian heads of pre-school institutions are stimulated to attend the international projects by the challenge of acquiring new skills, improvement of development process and project activities abilities. Results of the qualitative analysis revealed the following factors motivating the work of the heads of pre-school institutions with the international projects: acquiring new experience, improvement of development process and leaders’ project activities abilities as well as co-operation on the international level. The main obstacle preventing from the work with the international projects revealed in both quantitative and qualitative analysis is the language barrier. According to respondents more active work in international projects could be supported through arrangements of various tutorial seminars including seminars for foreign language improvement. The conclusion based on the results of qualitative analysis may be drawn that active experience gained by participating in the activities of international projects strengthens leader’s position and creates positive conditions for divided leadership at a pre-school institution as well as predetermines the motivation of working with international projects.
THE CASE OF SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION OF EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION IN CRITICAL MITRAL STENOSIS WITH THROMBOSIS OF THE LEFT ATRIUM
Authors: Belash S. A. , Khananov N. Y. , Dumanyan E. S. , Skopets A. A. , Yakuba I. I. , Barbukhatti K. O.
Published: October 2015

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is considered either as a linking procedure restoring functioning of an organ or as a link to organ grafting. If there is no expectancy to bring back pulmonary or cardiac functioning and grafting is out of feasibility, one should consider ECMO to be meaningless. In this paper we have demonstrated a successful application of ECMO in a 55 y. o. female patient with terminal stage of critical mitral valve stenosis with left atrial thrombus and her left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 16%. Following 4-day perfusion due to a noticeable positive dynamics the patient underwent mitral valve replacement and LA thrombus removal. In fi ve days after the surgery ECMO was disconnected. At discharge LV ejection fraction was 43%.

Conclusions: we believe ECMO should be more widely applied in cardiac surgery.
Oral Azacitidine (CC-486) for the Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Cogle Christopher R. , Scott Bart L. , Boyd Thomas , Garcia-Manero Guillermo
Published: October 2015

The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a heterogeneous group of clonal myeloid malignancies characterized by multilineage cytopenias, recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities, and risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML, which can occur de novo as well as secondary to MDS, is characterized by malignant clones of myeloid lineage in the bone marrow and peripheral blood, with dissemination into tissues. The cytidine nucleoside analog and epigenetic modifier azacitidine is approved in the U.S. for the treatment of all French-American-British subtypes of MDS and in many countries for the treatment of AML with 20%–30% blasts and multilineage dysplasia according to the World Health Organization classification. Benefits of azacitidine treatment of patients with AML with >30% blasts have also been shown in a recent phase III trial. Oral administration of azacitidine may enhance patient convenience, eliminate injection-site reactions, allow for alternative dosing and scheduling, and enable long-term treatment. Phase I studies with oral azacitidine (CC-486) have shown biological activity, clinical responses, and tolerability in patients with MDS and AML. Extended dosing schedules of oral azacitidine (for 14 or 21 days of 28-day cycles) are currently under investigation as frontline therapy in patients with lower risk MDS, as maintenance therapy for patients with AML not eligible for stem cell transplant, and as maintenance therapy for patients with MDS or AML following stem cell transplant. This review presents clinical data supporting the use of injectable azacitidine in MDS and AML and examines the rationale for and results of the clinical development of oral azacitidine.
FATORES ASSOCIADOS AO ACIDENTE VASCULAR ENCEFÁLICO NA AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL BRASILEIRA: ESTUDO CASO-CONTROLE
Authors: Gomes Lima Cássia Maria , Da Silva Hanna Paula Wanderley , De Souza Patrícia Aquino Silva , Amaral Thatiana Lameira Maciel , Do Prado Patrícia Rezende
Published: October 2015

Introdução: O acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) é uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade no mundo e a principal causa de sequela neurológica em adultos, principalmente em países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil, em decorrência da falta de controle dos fatores associados e das condições socioeconômicas da população. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados ao acidente vascular encefálico em um hospital público de Rio Branco, Acre. Casuística e Métodos: Estudo caso-controle no qual foi realizada entrevista com 50 pacientes com diagnóstico de AVE e 100 controles pareados para idade e sexo. As frequências absolutas e relativas das variáveis foram descritas e foi realizada a regressão logística na análise uni e multivariada com significância de 95%. Resultados: Dos pacientes, 54,0% eram pardos ou negros, 72,0% tinham até o ensino fundamental, 62,0% moravam em casa de madeira, 97,0% não possuíam plano de saúde, 74,0% apresentaram AVE isquêmico, 44,0% usaram terapia fibrinolítica, 84,0% referiram à cefaleia como principal sintoma. Hipertensão arterial, hiperlipidemia e história de acidente isquêmico transitório foram os fatores associados ao AVE, com chances de 3,73 (IC95%: 1,27 - 10,99), 2,61 (IC95%: 1,02 - 6,68) e 8,24 (IC95%: 2,98 - 22,73), respectivamente. Conclusão: É necessário intervir nos fatores associados na população de Rio Branco, para prevenir novos casos de AVE e investigar o baixo uso da terapia fibrinolítica nos casos de AVE isquêmico.
ABORDAGEM DO FISIOTERAPEUTA NO DIABETES MELLITUS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Portes Leonardo Henriques
Published: October 2015

Introdução: O diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma das doenças mais prevalentes e uma das principais causas de morte no mundo. A Rede de Atenção à Saúde das Pessoas com Doenças Crônicas, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde promove o envolvimento de diferentes profissionais no cuidado de pacientes com DM. O fisioterapeuta é um os profissionais que podem contribuir para a equipe multiprofissional voltada para o cuidado e a prevenção da doença. Objetivo: Descrever a abordagem do fisioterapeuta no DM. Material e Métodos: Revisão de literatura narrativa nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde de publicações entre 2005 e 2015 que explicitassem alguma abordagem do fisioterapeuta relacionada ao DM. Resultados: Foram selecionados 34 artigos, sendo que 21 abordaram a atuação nas complicações do DM e 13 a atuação preventiva. Dos artigos que abordaram as complicações do DM, 16 (47%) referiram-se à atuação nas complicações neurológicas, envolvendo a avaliação dos déficits sensório-motores e o tratamento da dor neuropática, equilíbrio, marcha e propriocepção. Dois (menos de 1%) apresentaram considerações sobre as alterações osteomusculares, sendo mencionados exercícios para ganho de mobilidade para os pacientes portadores de capsulite adesiva e a termoterapia para a analgesia da dor muscular tardia. Três artigos (menos de 1%) apresentaram o tratamento de complicações vasculares por meio de exercícios e drenagem linfática manual. Entre os artigos que abordaram a atuação preventiva, apenas um (menos de 1%) referiu-se à prevenção primária e 12 (35%) referiram-se à prevenção secundária, envolvendo a educação em saúde e a prescrição de exercícios aeróbicos e terapêuticos. Conclusão: Os resultados mostram um amplo campo de atuação do fisioterapeuta no cuidado do paciente diabético, sobretudo perante as manifestações neurológicas e na prevenção de complicações do DM. A inserção do fisioterapeuta na equipe multiprofissional voltada para o tratamento e prevenção da doença deve ser estimulada.
HOSPITALIZAÇÕES POR DOENÇAS DO APARELHO CIRCULATÓRIO EM IDOSOS E ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Pedreira Rhaine Borges Santos , Lobo Marina Limoeiro , Medeiros Ayla Chéquer Maia , Sampaio Priscila Camargo , Reis Martha Cerqueira , Júnior Elzo Pereira Pinto
Published: October 2015

Introdução: O processo de envelhecimento populacional brasileiro trouxe consigo o aumento de casos diagnosticados de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na população idosa. Concomitante a esse processo, verifica-se um aumento das hospitalizações, ocasionadas principalmente pelas doenças do aparelho circulatório. Nesse contexto, torna-se de grande valia a atuação de políticas assistenciais que valorizem a Atenção Básica, na perspectiva da melhora da qualidade de vida dos idosos como, por exemplo, a Estratégia Saúde da Família. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a expansão da Estratégia Saúde da Família e as internações por doença cardíaca em idosos, de Montes Claros-MG, nos últimos 13 anos. Material e Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, do tipo ecológico, com abordagem de série temporal. Os dados foram extraídos a partir do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares e Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica. A análise estatística foi feita por meio de uma análise descritiva e bivariada, com uso do Teste de Shapiro-Wilk e correlação de Pearson, considerando significativas as associações se P-valor<0,05. Resultados: Observou-se um aumento nos registros de internações hospitalares por doença cardíaca. Contudo, ao ser considerado o aumento populacional entre os anos de 2000-2012, há uma redução de 10,7% em seu coeficiente. Em relação a cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família, evidenciou um aumento de 219,6%. Há associação entre a redução no indicador de hospitalizações por doenças do aparelho circulatório e a expansão da Estratégia Saúde da Família (r=-0,636; P-valor=0,019). Conclusão: A Estratégia Saúde da Família parece ter dado uma importante contribuição para a redução das internações por doenças cardíacas em idosos de Montes Claros entre o período de 2000 a 2012.
PREVALÊNCIA DE TRANSTORNO MENTAL COMUM ENTRE ESTUDANTES DE PSICOLOGIA E ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Ansolin Alana Gabriela Araldi , Rocha Daniele Lais Brandalize , Santos Reginaldo Passoni dos , Dal Pozzo Vanessa Caroline
Published: October 2015

Introdução: Situações-problemas intrínsecas à vida acadêmica de jovens universitários, não raro, agem sobre sua saúde mental. Nesse sentido, compreende-se que a ocorrência de transtorno mental comum pode influenciar direta e negativamente o desempenho acadêmico e a qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de transtorno mental comum entre estudantes universitários de graduação em Psicologia e Enfermagem de uma instituição privada do Paraná. Casuística e Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, com delineamento descritivo-exploratório. Realizaram-se entrevistas com 42 estudantes universitários. Para a coleta de dados, aplicou-se a versão brasileira do Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20). Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se nota de corte oito pontos. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio de estatística simples. Resultados: Dos 42 universitários, 38 (90,5%) eram do sexo feminino e quatro (9,5%) do sexo masculino. Além disso, verificou-se que 35 (83,3%) pertenciam ao curso de graduação em Psicologia e sete (16,7%) ao curso de graduação em Enfermagem. A prevalência de fatores indicativos para transtorno mental comum na população estudada foi de 35,7%. Conclusão: Considerou-se que a prevalência de transtorno mental comum entre estudantes universitários, dos cursos de graduação em Psicologia e Enfermagem na instituição pesquisada, apresentou dados que se expressaram dentro da faixa de similaridade a estudos congêneres desenvolvidos em outras realidades