bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population Preferences for Performance and Explainability of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Choice-Based Conjoint Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Ploug Thomas , Sundby Anna , Moeslund Thomas B , Holm Søren
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Certain types of artificial intelligence (AI), that is, deep learning models, can outperform health care professionals in particular domains. Such models hold considerable promise for improved diagnostics, treatment, and prevention, as well as more cost-efficient health care. They are, however, opaque in the sense that their exact reasoning cannot be fully explicated. Different stakeholders have emphasized the importance of the transparency/explainability of AI decision making. Transparency/explainability may come at the cost of performance. There is need for a public policy regulating the use of AI in health care that balances the societal interests in high performance as well as in transparency/explainability. A public policy should consider the wider public’s interests in such features of AI.

OBJECTIVE

This study elicited the public’s preferences for the performance and explainability of AI decision making in health care and determined whether these preferences depend on respondent characteristics, including trust in health and technology and fears and hopes regarding AI.

METHODS

We conducted a choice-based conjoint survey of public preferences for attributes of AI decision making in health care in a representative sample of the adult Danish population. Initial focus group interviews yielded 6 attributes playing a role in the respondents’ views on the use of AI decision support in health care: (1) type of AI decision, (2) level of explanation, (3) performance/accuracy, (4) responsibility for the final decision, (5) possibility of discrimination, and (6) severity of the disease to which the AI is applied. In total, 100 unique choice sets were developed using fractional factorial design. In a 12-task survey, respondents were asked about their preference for AI system use in hospitals in relation to 3 different scenarios.

RESULTS

Of the 1678 potential respondents, 1027 (61.2%) participated. The respondents consider the physician having the final responsibility for treatment decisions the most important attribute, with 46.8% of the total weight of attributes, followed by explainability of the decision (27.3%) and whether the system has been tested for discrimination (14.8%). Other factors, such as gender, age, level of education, whether respondents live rurally or in towns, respondents’ trust in health and technology, and respondents’ fears and hopes regarding AI, do not play a significant role in the majority of cases.

CONCLUSIONS

The 3 factors that are most important to the public are, in descending order of importance, (1) that physicians are ultimately responsible for diagnostics and treatment planning, (2) that the AI decision support is explainable, and (3) that the AI system has been tested for discrimination. Public policy on AI system use in health care should give priority to such AI system use and ensure that patients are provided with information.
Effects of Person-Centered Care Using a Digital Platform and Structured Telephone Support for People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Heart Failure: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Ali Lilas , Wallström Sara , Fors Andreas , Barenfeld Emmelie , Fredholm Eva , Fu Michael , Goudarzi Mahboubeh , Gyllensten Hanna , Lindström Kjellberg Irma , Swedberg Karl , Vanfleteren Lowie E G W , Ekman Inger
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) are characterized by severe symptom burden and common acute worsening episodes that often require hospitalization and affect prognosis. Although many studies have shown that person-centered care (PCC) increases self-efficacy in patients with chronic conditions, studies on patients with COPD and CHF treated in primary care and the effects of PCC on the risk of hospitalization in these patients are scarce.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of PCC through a combined digital platform and telephone support for people with COPD and CHF.

METHODS

A multicenter randomized trial was conducted from 2018 to 2020. A total of 222 patients were recruited from 9 primary care centers. Patients diagnosed with COPD, CHF, or both and with internet access were eligible. Participants were randomized into either usual care (112/222, 50.5%) or PCC combined with usual care (110/222, 49.5%). The intervention’s main component was a personal health plan cocreated by the participants and assigned health care professionals. The health care professionals called the participants in the intervention group and encouraged narration to establish a partnership using PCC communication skills. A digital platform was used as a communication tool. The primary end point, divided into 2 categories (improved and deteriorated or unchanged), was a composite score of change in general self-efficacy and hospitalization or death 6 months after randomization. Data from the intention-to-treat group at 3- and 6-month follow-ups were analyzed. In addition, a per-protocol analysis was conducted on the participants who used the intervention.

RESULTS

No significant differences were found in composite scores between the groups at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. However, the per-protocol analysis of the 3-month follow-up revealed a significant difference in composite scores between the study groups (P=.047), although it was not maintained until the end of the 6-month follow-up (P=.24). This effect was driven by a change in general self-efficacy from baseline.

CONCLUSIONS

PCC using a combined digital platform and structured telephone support seems to be an option to increase the short-term self-efficacy of people with COPD and CHF. This study adds to the knowledge of conceptual innovations in primary care to support patients with COPD and CHF.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03183817; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03183817
Conceptual Invariance, Trajectories, and Outcome Associations of Working Alliance in Unguided and Guided Internet-Based Psychological Interventions: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Luo Xiaochen , Bugatti Matteo , Molina Lucero , Tilley Jacqueline L , Mahaffey Brittain , Gonzalez Adam
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

The role of working alliance remains unclear for many forms of internet-based interventions (IBIs), a set of effective psychotherapy alternatives that do not require synchronous interactions between patients and therapists.

OBJECTIVE

This study examined the conceptual invariance, trajectories, and outcome associations of working alliance across an unguided IBI and guided IBIs that incorporated clinician support through asynchronous text messaging or video messaging.

METHODS

Adults with high education attainment (n=145) with subclinical levels of anxiety, stress, or depressive symptoms were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment conditions for 7 weeks. All participants received treatments from MyCompass, an unguided IBI using cognitive behavior therapy. Participants in condition 2 and 3 received supplemental, asynchronous clinician support through text and video, respectively. Working alliance with the IBIs was measured weekly using select items from the 12-item version of the Agnew Relationship Measure. Symptom and functional outcomes were assessed at baseline, at the end of treatment, and 1-month follow-up.

RESULTS

Working alliance with the IBIs was conceptually invariant across the 3 conditions. Working alliance followed a quadratic pattern of change over time for all conditions and declined significantly only in the text-support condition. After controlling for baseline symptoms, higher baseline levels of working alliance predicted less depression and less functional impairment at follow-up, whereas faster increases in working alliance predicted less worry at the end of treatment and at follow-up, all of which only occurred in the video-support condition.

CONCLUSIONS

Working alliance with the IBIs was generally established in the initial sessions. Although working alliance is conceptually invariant across IBIs with or without clinician support, the associations between working alliance and treatment outcomes among IBIs may differ depending on clinician involvement and the modalities of support.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05122429; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05122429
Effectiveness of Individual Feedback and Coaching on Shared Decision-making Consultations in Oncology Care: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial (Preprint)
Authors: van Veenendaal Haske , Peters Loes J , Ubbink Dirk T , Stubenrouch Fabienne E , Stiggelbout Anne M , Brand Paul LP , Vreugdenhil Gerard , Hilders Carina GJM
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Shared decision-making (SDM) is particularly important in oncology as many treatments involve serious side effects, and treatment decisions involve a trade-off between benefits and risks. However, the implementation of SDM in oncology care is challenging, and clinicians state that it is difficult to apply SDM in their actual workplace. Training clinicians is known to be an effective means of improving SDM but is considered time consuming.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to address the effectiveness of an individual SDM training program using the concept of deliberate practice.

METHODS

This multicenter, single-blinded randomized clinical trial will be performed at 12 Dutch hospitals. Clinicians involved in decisions with oncology patients will be invited to participate in the study and allocated to the control or intervention group. All clinicians will record 3 decision-making processes with 3 different oncology patients. Clinicians in the intervention group will receive the following SDM intervention: completing e-learning, reflecting on feedback reports, performing a self-assessment and defining 1 to 3 personal learning questions, and participating in face-to-face coaching. Clinicians in the control group will not receive the SDM intervention until the end of the study. The primary outcome will be the extent to which clinicians involve their patients in the decision-making process, as scored using the Observing Patient Involvement–5 instrument. As secondary outcomes, patients will rate their perceived involvement in decision-making, and the duration of the consultations will be registered. All participating clinicians and their patients will receive information about the study and complete an informed consent form beforehand.

RESULTS

This trial was retrospectively registered on August 03, 2021. Approval for the study was obtained from the ethical review board (medical research ethics committee Delft and Leiden, the Netherlands [N20.170]). Recruitment and data collection procedures are ongoing and are expected to be completed by July 2022; we plan to complete data analyses by December 2022. As of February 2022, a total of 12 hospitals have been recruited to participate in the study, and 30 clinicians have started the SDM training program.

CONCLUSIONS

This theory-based and blended approach will increase our knowledge of effective and feasible training methods for clinicians in the field of SDM. The intervention will be tailored to the context of individual clinicians and will target the knowledge, attitude, and skills of clinicians. The patients will also be involved in the design and implementation of the study.

CLINICALTRIAL

Netherlands Trial Registry NL9647; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/9647

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/35543
Needs, Challenges, and Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education Curriculum (Preprint)
Authors: Grunhut Joel , Marques Oge , Wyatt Adam T M
Published: December 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Artificial intelligence (AI) is on course to become a mainstay in the patient’s room, physician’s office, and the surgical suite. Current advancements in health care technology might put future physicians in an insufficiently equipped position to deal with the advancements and challenges brought about by AI and machine learning solutions. Physicians will be tasked regularly with clinical decision-making with the assistance of AI-driven predictions. Present-day physicians are not trained to incorporate the suggestions of such predictions on a regular basis nor are they knowledgeable in an ethical approach to incorporating AI in their practice and evolving standards of care. Medical schools do not currently incorporate AI in their curriculum due to several factors, including the lack of faculty expertise, the lack of evidence to support the growing desire by students to learn about AI, or the lack of Liaison Committee on Medical Education’s guidance on AI in medical education. Medical schools should incorporate AI in the curriculum as a longitudinal thread in current subjects. Current students should understand the breadth of AI tools, the framework of engineering and designing AI solutions to clinical issues, and the role of data in the development of AI innovations. Study cases in the curriculum should include an AI recommendation that may present critical decision-making challenges. Finally, the ethical implications of AI in medicine must be at the forefront of any comprehensive medical education.
Characterization of Bottom Ash Waste Adsorbent from Palm Oil Plant Boiler Burning Process to Adsorb Carbon Dioxide in a Fixed Bed Column
Authors: Sylvia Novi , Fitriani Fitriani , Dewi Rozanna , Mulyawan Rizka , Muslim Abrar , Husin Husni , Yunardi Yunardi , Reza Mutia
Published: December 2021

Palm oil bottom ash utilization from mill boilers as CO2 adsorbent has been in use for few years. This study aims to examine adsorbent characteristics and capabilities of bottom ash produced from boiler combustion in palm oil industry for CO2 adsorption before and after utilization, such as compound functional group using the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectrophotometer, adsorbent morphology through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and compound amount using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The CO2 adsorption was carried out in fixed-bed column. Process variables consist of volumetric flow rate, contact time and bed height. Results showed that SiO2 compounds in the heterogeneous form with average particle size of 1073 nm, as supported by FT-IR spectrum finding indicating SiO2 signal at wavelength of 958–954 cm–1. Additionally, EDX analysis showed Silica and Oxygen content of 11.88% and 36.90%, resulting 70% CO2 adsorption capacity of 0.350 mg/g at discharge of 5 L/min, contact time of 40 min, and bed height of 12 cm. Langmuir isotherm model was obtained with R2 of 0.998, qm of 1.588, and kL of 0.144. Meanwhile, the kinetic model followed a simple first-order prototypical with R2 of 0.952, C02 of 0.260, and k1 of 0.006.
Two Rival Newly Fabricated Potentiometric Sensors to Enhance Selectivity Toward Cu(II) Ions
Authors: Mostafa Gamal Abdel-Hafiz , Abu Shawish Hazem Mohamed , Saadeh Salman Mustafa , Ezzeldin Essam
Published: December 2021

Utilizing the well-known ability of Schiff base ligands to bind metal ions, two newly fabricated ligands, namely: 2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)benzoic acid (L1) and 2-(furan-2-ylmethyleneamino)phenol (L2) were employed to coordinate copper(II) (Cu(II)) producing the characteristically stable complexes that performed as the ionophores in the presently fabricated electrodes A and B. Thus it was possible to build these electrodes that have attractive properties and expected behavior, namely, low detection limits: 2.32 × 10–7 and 1.14 × 10–6 M Cu(II), Nernstian slope of 29.13 and 30.85 mV/decade Cu(II), broad concentration ranges from 3.98 × 10–7–1.00 × 10–2 and 1.52 × 10–6–1.00 × 10–2 M for sensors A and B, respectively, as well as short response time (ca. 3–5 s) with distinct selectivity toward Cu(II) over the other cations and applicability over the pH range 1.5–5.5 for miscellaneous samples: aqueous solutions, urine, and blood serum. Thus, these sensors surpass many others towards fulfilling the intended function of Cu(II) determination in various applications.
Computational Evaluation of Intermolecular Interaction in Poly(Styrene-Maleic Acid)-Water Complexes Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Anugrah Daru Seto Bagus , Darmalim Laura Virdy , Putro Permono Adi , Nuratikah Liana Dewi , Sasongko Nurwarrohman Andre , Siahaan Parsaoran , Yulandi Adi
Published: December 2021

The high application of Poly(styrene-maleic acid) (PSMA) in an aqueous environment, such as biomedical purposes, makes the interaction between PSMA and water molecules interesting to be investigated. This study evaluated the conformation, the hydrogen bond network, and the stabilities of all the possible intermolecular interactions between PSMA with water (PSMA−(H2O)n, n = 1–5). All calculations were executed using the density functional theory (DFT) method at B3LYP functional and the 6–311G** basis set. The energy interaction of PSMA–(H2O)5 complex was –56.66 kcal/mol, which is classified as high hydrogen bond interaction. The Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) – Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) energy gap decreased with the rise in the number of H2O molecules, representing a more reactive complex. The strongest hydrogen bonding in PSMA–(H2O)5 wasformed through the interaction on O72···O17–H49 with stabilizing energy of 50.32 kcal/mol, that analyzed by natural bond orbital (NBO) theory. The quantum theory atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis showed that the hydrogen bonding (EHB) value on O72···O17–H49 was –14.95 kcal/mol. All computational data revealed that PSMA had moderate to high interaction with water molecules that indicated the water molecules were easily transported and kept in the PSMA matrix.
Preliminary Evaluation of Gunshot Residue (GSR) Using 3-Aminophenol as a Substitute in Modified Griess Test
Authors: Jaluddin Siti Nurhazlin , Mohd Zain Zainiharyati , Abdul Halim Mohamed Izzharif , Safian Muhd Fauzi , Abdul Rani Mohd Azri , Mohamed Subri Mohamed Sazif
Published: December 2021

In forensic ballistics, gunshot residue (GSR) particles can be detected using screening or presumptive tests which are mainly focused on the chromophoric reaction. Most tests serve as an initial indication for a forensic investigator at the crime scene before instrumental analysis for definitive identification. The screening methods are known to be convenient, have fast analysis, and minimal preparation. In GSR analysis, the well-known method of detecting GSR known as the Modified Griess Test (MGT) requires acid and heat for the reaction. Therefore, this study demonstrated a new and rapid screening test named the Rapid Griess Test (RGT) for the detection of GSR. This study intends to improve the functionality of previous screening reagents in determining nitrite (NO2–), the composition present after shooting activity. To do this, chemical reagents with an amino group, 3-aminophenol, were substituted with alpha-naphthol. The experiment showed that the reactions were positive color changes using standard NO2– and real GSR samples. The diazotization reactions involving sulfanilic acid and 3-aminophenol produced azo dyes that changed the solution from colorless to orange in the presence of NO2–. The RGT reagent will make it possible to avoid using heat and the addition of acetic acids in a sample to form chromophoric reactions. Moreover, the colorimetric method using Video Spectral Comparator (VSC) showed that RGT had higher intensity of the orange color when compared to MGT.
“Nos encontramos igual”. Prácticas de un feminismo intergeneracional durante el aislamiento
Authors: Nurit Shabel Paula
Published: December 2021

La crisis económica, sanitaria y humana que desató la pandemia de Covid-19 profundizó desigualdades que se encarnaron especialmente en ciertos cuerpos feminizados y personas que viven en condiciones de hacinamiento, para quienes permanecer recluidos en el espacio privado representa un riesgo. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la experiencia de la pandemia que tuvieron niñas y adolescentes que viven una situación de precariedad habitacional en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y que participan de la organización social La Caldera. Desde un trabajo etnográfico, estudio las creativas formas de encuentro generadas tanto por las adultas como por las niñas de la organización para abordar las situaciones de violencia y los modos en que dichos encuentros tensionaron las categorías público-privado-íntimo para darle lugar a una práctica feminista en clave intergeneracional fundada en una forma de cuidado no adultista que denomino amistad.
Condition Assessment Using None Destructive Tests at Montauk Bridge Deck
Authors: Hamad Samie
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Ground penetrating radar (GPR) and portable seismic property analyzer (PSPA), was used in concrete structures for monitoring, quantifying, and mapping the deterioration of bridge decks. The Montauk Bridge deck was assessed based on PSPA and GPR data. Based on the analysis of the PSPA data, it was determined that over 65% of bridge conditions were rated serious to poor condition with an average compressive strength of less than 2500 psi; less than 35% of bridge deck conditions were rated fair to good with an average compressive strength over 2500 psi. Based on GPR data, it was determined that 72% of the bridge deck was in serious to poor condition, and only 28% of the bridge deck was in fair to good condition. Additionally, the analyses of the ground penetrating radar data indicated possible rebar corrosion in places. For these reasons, it is recommended that the Montauk bridge’s deck be completely replaced. Keywords: Condition assessment, NDT, GPR, PSPA, bridge deck
A PV Based Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Tamanna Shaik Abdul Wajahat
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Charging of electric vehicles have been a major problem as the charging stations are not installed every where, either we have to charge the vehicle at home or we should have to go to a charging point and it takes a lot of time. Addition of solar energy generation to electric vehicle will give the advantage of charging the vehicle while it is in parking. The overall performance and endurance of the battery of a electric vehicle can be improved by designing a PV based hybrid energy storage system with the magnetic integration of Bessel low pass filter to the DC-DC converter. The size of battery is reduced, endurance of the battery is also improved and the effectiveness of proposed method is validated by simulation. Keywords: Solar energy generation, hybrid-energy storage system, DC-DC converter, electric vehicle, endurance of the batter.
Traje de Instrucción como medio de evaluación en el Sistema Táctico Básico Policial
Authors:   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Ruiz Otálora Jorge Hernando , Barrera Jiménez Carolina ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Garzón Santos José Luis ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Ávila Bermeo Harlinzo Hernán ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Berrio Pino Jorge Luis ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Ospina Díaz Wilmar Alberto ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia
Published: December 2021

El ejercicio de la actividad de policía asociada al uso de los elementos coercitivos para la aplicación de la fuerza exige un alto nivel de entrenamiento que debe ser evaluado objetivamente para minimizar el riesgo de afectaciones causadas por eventuales desaciertos en el actuar de los uniformados hacia los ciudadanos. El problema referido anteriormente permite una formulación y solución fundamentada en la elaboración de un prototipo de traje para instrucción en la aplicación del bastón policial, como una propuesta enmarcada desde innovación tecnológica, con un producto que mejora la evaluación de los apliques de bastón tipo tonfa que realizan los policías durante su entrenamiento. Se provee una herramienta didáctica útil soportada en tecnologías disponibles en el mercado colombiano, para tecnificar los procedimientos de valoración hechos por los instructores durante las pruebas de manipulación del bastón policial que deben ser realizado por los funcionarios en su proceso de formación.
Latvian-Brazilian Economic Relations 1918–1940
Authors:   University of Latvia, Karnups Viesturs Pauls
Published: December 2021

This article provides an overview of Latvian-Brazilian economic relations in the interwar period. In the interwar period, economic relations between Latvia and Brazil were mainly confined to foreign trade. Latvia declared its independence in 1918, however Latvians had been emigrating to Brazil from 1890 and establishing farming colonies. By the end of the 1930s some 8000 Latvians had settled in Brazil. Latvia’s foreign trade in relation to Brazil was regulated by the 1932 Commercial Agreement. Latvia’s main imports from Brazil in the interwar period were coffee, cocoa, hides and furs, tobacco, raw rubber, and cotton, whilst Latvia’s main exports to Brazil were fish conserves, paper, and rubber goods. In general, trade and thus economic relations were of marginal significance to both countries in the interwar period due partly to some similarities in their economic structures, but mainly because of geographical distance.
The Strategic Importance of Entrepreneurship as a mechanism for Sustainable Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors:   Lagos State Polytechnic Ikorodu, Segun Prince Adesanya Abel
Published: December 2021

The focus of this paper is on the importance of entrepreneurship as a mechanism for sustainable economic growth in Nigeria considering the experiences of developed nations like the United States, Europe, India, and China. Entrepreneurship has been instrumental in economic growth, balanced regional development, and job creation in most dynamic economies, where technology is changing at a faster rate and the product lifetime cycle is shrinking. Research in entrepreneurship development indicates that there is a lack of a theoretical model to examine rural entrepreneurship development particularly in the developing countries. The methodology adopted in this paper is the narrative – textual case study (NTCS); it is a social science research method that relies on the information and data from several sources for problem-solving. It is undeniable fact that entrepreneurship development plays a vital role in economic development of any nation including the developing countries like Nigeria. However, despite this, most entrepreneurial policies and programs seems to favour the urban cities except recently when efforts are geared towards the rural areas. Thus, this paper examines the role of entrepreneurship in the development of the rural areas in the developing economy. The study reveals that the right business environment for entrepreneurship is lacking in Nigeria on account of bad and inadequate infrastructural facilities, political instability, terrorism, multiple taxes, all stand as barriers to entrepreneurship and economic growth. The paper concludes that government should focus on adequate security, improve infrastructural facilities and enabling environment that will lead to economic growth.
Legalitas Hukum Islam dalam Sistem Peradilan Indonesia
Authors: Habibi Muhammad
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article will explain the legality of Islamic law in the justice system in Indonesia. The importance of this topic to be discussed is because judicial institutions in Indonesia are formed as a result of their multiple historical developments. It was said that because until now in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, several legal systems had various features, structures, and characteristics, namely; the Islamic legal system, customary law system, and Western legal system. The problem that he explains is related to the legality of Islamic law in the judicial system in Indonesia. To answer the questions above, this article uses a qualitative research method with a library research model as a data collection method. The search results found that there are several regulations that have been legalized so that they become positive laws in Indonesia, namely: 1) the 1945 Constitution; 2) Law Number 17 of 1999 concerning the Implementation of Hajj; 3) Law Number 36 of 1999 concerning Management of Zakat; 4) Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf; 5) Law Number 44 of 1999 concerning the Implementation of the Specialties of the Aceh Region; 6) Law No. 3 of 2006 concerning Amendments to Law No. 7 of 1989 concerning Religious Courts; 7) Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage.Abstrak: Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang legalitas hukum Islam dalam sistem peradilan di Indonesia. Pentingnya topik ini untuk dibahas karena, lembaga peradilan di Indonesia terbentuk akibat dari perkembangan sejarahnya yang bersifat majemuk. Dikatakan demikian, karena sampai saat ini di Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia berlaku beberapa sistem hukum yang memiliki corak, susunan dan karakteristik yang beragam, yaitu; sistem hukum Islam, sistem hukum Adat, dan sistem hukum Barat. Permasalahan yang jelaskan berkaitan dengan legalitas hukum Islam dalam sistem peradilan di Indonesia. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan di atas, artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan model library reseach sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Hasil penelusuran ditemukan bahwa ada beberapa aturan yang telah dilegalisir sehingga menjadi hukum positif di Indonesia, yaitu: 1) Undang-Undang Dasar tahun 1945; 2) Undang-Undang Nomor 17 tahun 1999 tentang Penyelenggaraan Ibadah Haji; 3) Undang-Undang Nomor 36 tahun 1999 tentang Pengelolaan Zakat; 4) Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf; 5) Undang-Undang Nomor 44 tahun 1999 tentang Penyelenggaraan Keistimewaan Daerah Aceh; 6) Undang-Undang Nomor03 Tahun 2006 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 tahun 1989 tentang Peradilan Agama; 7) Undang-Undang Nomor 01 tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan.
Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosional Terhadap Hasil Belajar Biologi Peserta Didik
Authors: Utami Sartika Ayu , Damayanti Eka , Ismail Wahyuni
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap hasil belajar biologi pada peserta didik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian ex post facto dengan populasi seluruh peserta didik kelas XII SMAN 1 Pangkep yang berjumlah 144 orang dan sampelnya 72 orang yang diambil dengan menggunakan systematic random sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa angket kecerdasan emosional dan dokumentasi hasil belajar biologi peserta didik. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan  analisis regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan thitung > ttabel dan nilai sig.= 0,000 < 0,05. Hal itu membuktikan bahwa kecerdasan emosional berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik XII SMA Negeri 1 Pangkep dengan sumbangan pengaruh sebesar 39,4 persen dan 60,6 persen yang dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diterliti dalam penelitian ini.
ANALISIS ADVERSITY QUOTIENT PADA PENYINTAS LEUKEMIA ANAK DALAM MENEMPUH PENDIDIKAN FORMAL
Authors: Setiadi Iwan
Published: December 2021

Pendidikan adalah hak semua manusia. Penyintas Leukemia Anak (PLA) tidak banyak yang dapat melanjutkan pendidikan formal di sekolah karena keterbatasan yang dimilikinya terutama fisik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus, bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana seorang PLA dapat mengikuti pendidikan formal di sekolah.  Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan konsep Miles & Huberman dan Hermeneutical Analisis. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa: 1) Tipe kecerdasan Adversity Quotient (AQ) yang diperlukan oleh PLA untuk menempuh pendidikan formal di sekolah adalah tipe Climber, 2) Perlu dukungan proaktif dari sekolah dengan “memaklumi” kondisi PLA, 3) Orang tua tetap harus memperhatikan dan menjaga kesehatan PLA agar tidak relaps dikemudian hari. Dengan demikian perlu adanya perhatian khusus baik dari orang tua maupun pihak sekolah agar seorang PLA tetap dapat melanjutkan pendidikan.
Who is satisfied with their pay? Evidence from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey
Authors:   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dubnovitskaya Anastasia
Published: December 2021

This study is to shed more light on the relation of pay satisfaction with the average wages of individuals with the same characteristics and the deviation of the actual wages from that average (a.k.a. social comparison). The study reveals that social comparison plays a greater role in determining pay satisfaction than mere pay amount. The contribution of both factors to pay satisfaction is fairly stable and does not exhibit any drastic changes from 2002 to 2019. The deviation of actual wages from the average level contributes twice as much as the reference group average into the individual’s pay satisfaction.
A study on spatial autocorrelation: Case of Russian regional inflation
Authors:   AO «ALFA-BANK», Kirillov Andrew
Published: December 2021

We apply APLE statistic to explore spatial autocorrelation of Russian regional inflationary processes. APLE is discussed to be the fine alternative to Moran’s I. To conduct this study we modify statistics of spatial dependence for panel data structure. We use time series of Russian regional CPIs (i.e. quantitative measure of inflation) of food, non-food, services baskets. We find evidence to confirm the hypothesis of the existence of spatial autocorrelation of regional inflationary processes on the horizon of our study.
A digitális egészségügyi ökoszisztéma fogalmának és elemeinek nemzetközi és hazai áttekintése
Authors: Szabó Zoltán Attila , Szócska Miklós , Palicz Tamás , Szerencsés Viktória , Joó Tamás
Published: December 2021

Az egészségügy fejlesztése ma már nem elképzelhető a digitális technológiák tudatos alkalmazása nélkül. A gazdasági ágazatok közül azok tudnak sikeresek lenni, amelyek tudatosan élnek a digitalizáció vívmányaival a termelési/szolgáltatási értéklánc minden elemében. Az egészségügyi ágazat és az egészségügyi információs rendszerek reformjára irányuló kezdeményezések révén az Európai Unió tagállamai jelenleg aktívan építik ki az e-egészségügy nemzeti alapjait. Tisztában vannak az
e-egészségügy szerepével az egészségügyi ellátások egyetemessé tételének elérésében. Továbbá érzékelik a nemzeti politikák, stratégiák és irányítás szükségességét a fejlődéshez és a befektetések hosszú távú fenntarthatóságához. Az ökoszisztémában
való gondolkodás nem új keletű, a szakirodalom már hosszú ideje használja ezt a kifejezést különböző területek, illetve azok alkotóelemeinek meghatározására. Jogosan merül fel az igény egy olyan fogalom meghatározására, amely kifejezetten az
egészségügy digitális ökoszisztémáját definiálja. Jelen tanulmányban röviden bemutatjuk egy lehetséges megközelítésben a digitális egészségügyi ökoszisztéma egyes elemeit és az azok tekintetében tapasztalható legfontosabb kihívásokat.
Factores perinatales asociados a macrosomía fetal, en un hospital de Quito-Ecuador
Authors: TOAPANTA-PINTA PAOLA , Vasco-Morales Santiago , Vasco-Toapanta Cristhian , Andrade Paola Alarcon , Guerra Andrés Merizalde
Published: December 2021

Determinar las condiciones perinatales relacionadas con macrosomía
fetal, en nuestra población.

MÉTODOS:

Estudio transversal de los registros del programa publicado por
El Centro Latinoamericano de Perinatología, Salud de la Mujer y
Reproductiva, archivados en el Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Isidro Ayora,
desde enero del 2008 hasta diciembre del 2016. Para las variables
numéricas se aplicó la prueba t. Las variables cualitativas se
analizaron con la prueba Chi cuadrado. Para el análisis
multivariado se utilizó modelos de regresión. En los resultados se
incluye el Odds Ratio crudo y ajustado con el intervalo
de confianza al 95%. Los datos fueron analizados con el paquete
estadístico R versión. 3.3.1 para Mac.

RESULTADOS:

Se encontró 1171(5.2%) neonatos macrosómicos. Las variables asociadas
a macrosomía fueron diabetes, edad gestacional, edad materna, gestas
previas, estado civil, sexo masculino, nacimiento vía cesárea,
además existe asociación negativa con embarazo múltiple.

CONCLUSIONES:

La macrosomía neonatal está relacionada con trastornos metabólicos en la
madre, la mayor edad gestacional y materna, acompañamiento de la
pareja durante el embarazo, la multiparidad, el
producto masculino. El resto de los factores sociales, étnicos,
las enfermedades crónicas y los trastornos propios del embarazo no
mostraron asociación con macrosomía fetal.
Qual o lugar da Educação de Jovens e Adultos nos museus brasileiros?
Authors: Cabral Magaly
Published: December 2021

O presente texto apresenta três projetos desenvolvidos com os alunos do Programa de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (PEJA) do município do Rio de Janeiro no Museu da República, unidade museológica do Instituto Brasileiro de Museus (IBRAM)/Ministério do Turismo. Um dos projetos foi agraciado com o V Prêmio Ibermuseus de Educação 2014, em primeiro lugar, na Categoria I, e com o prêmio Best Practice, concedido pelo Comitê Internacional de Educação e Ação Cultural (CECA) do Conselho Internacional de Museus (ICOM). A partir desses projetos e, principalmente, desses prêmios, o Museu conseguiu a abertura de suas portas uma vez por mês, à noite, para receber os alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) com mais frequência, fazendo com que a EJA começasse a encontrar seu lugar num museu brasileiro e seus estudantes começassem a praticar a Cidadania.
Eradicating Absolute Poverty in Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
Authors: Xiao Haixiang , Hou Junjun , Chen Min , Deng Weiping , Zhao Chuanchen , Zhou Jihong , Liu Xiaolu
Published: December 2021

This paper describes the specific poverty reduction practices applied in Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China. Government-subsidized programs are aimed at elderly living in poverty, people with disabilities, and migrant workers and their left-behind children. They reduce poverty mainly by building a support system for living, housing, medical care, old-age care, education, and employment. Tailored financial support are also intended for natural resources of poverty-stricken areas to be used in developing industries and forming self-development capabilities to eradicate poverty, including through industrial development, employment, and financial tool utilization.
Dissimilar laser spot welding of aluminum alloy to steel in keyhole mode
Authors: Xiao Rui , Zhao Yixuan , Liu Hongbing , Oliveira J. P. , Tan Caiwang , Xia Hongbo , Yang Jin
Published: December 2021

Laser spot welding was used for the dissimilar joining of aluminum alloy to steel in the keyhole mode. The results showed that the defocusing amount and laser power had significant influence on the weld formation. The aluminum alloy was prone to the formation of welding defects, such as porosity and cracks in the fusion zone, which resulted in an extremely instable welding process and poor joint strength. In order to improve the weld quality, a copper heat sink was placed under the aluminum alloy, which effectively absorbed the heat of the aluminum alloy and reduced the previous reported welding defects. The influence of laser power, defocusing amount, welding time, and shielding gas on the joint characteristics was also investigated. The microstructure analysis showed that a conelike fusion zone and sparsely distributed Fe-Al intermetallic compounds were formed. Hence, a combination of metallurgical bonding and mechanical interlocking was achieved in the laser keyhole spot welds, enhancing the joint mechanical properties. The joint strength of the laser keyhole spot welds reached 620 N/mm, which was comparable to that obtained in resistance spot welds.
Motivasi Peserta Didik dalam Mengikuti Pembelajaran Pjok di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Santosa Joni Arta
Published: December 2021

Pandemi covid-19 yang terjadi saat ini memiliki dampak yang cukup signifikan terhadap pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani, olahraga, dan kesehatan. Hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi motivasi peserta didik dalam berolahraga di masa pandemic covid-19. Dengan begitu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui motivasi peserta dalam mengikuti pembelajaran PJOK dimasa pandemi covid-19 tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian survei. Populasi penelitian ini adalah peserta didik yang berjumlah 165 orang. Sampel penelitian ini menggunakan non rondom sampling yaitu quota sampling dengan besaran 25% dari total populasi sehingga jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 41 orang. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif kuantitatif dengan kategori interval. Hasil penelitian ini adalah dari 41 orang peserta didik sebanyak 14 orang berkategori sangat tinggi, 26 orang berkategori tinggi dan 1 orang berkategori sedang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan motivasi peserta didik dalam mengikuti pembelajaran PJOK di masa pandemi covid-19 mendapat skor rata-rata 63 dalam skala kategori dikatakan tinggi. Kesimpulan dari penjabaran diatas ialah motivasi peserta didik dalam mengikuti pembelajaran PJOK di masa pandemi covid-19 tahun ajaran 2020/2021 berkategoi tinggi.
Persepsi Peserta Didik Terhadap Pembelajaran Daring PJOK
Authors: Pratiwi Kadek Santhi , Parwata I Gusti Lanang Agung
Published: December 2021

Mewabahnya virus corona, mengakibatkan seluruh pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring (online). Pembelajaran daring membawa dampak terhadap proses pembelajaran yaitu selama proses pembelajaran daring siswa bosan untuk belajar karena kurangnya interkasi antara siswa dan guru. Tidak hanya itu pembelajarn daring juga merupakan tantangan baru untuk guru dalam proses mengajarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi peserta didik kelas terhadap pembelajaran daring PJOK. Desain penelitian menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan eksploratif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik yang berjumlah 184 siswa. Besarnya sampel dalam penelitian ini ditentukan dengan rumus Slovin dengan pertimbangan bahwa populasi relatif homogen/seragam sehingga tidak terlalu diperlukan untuk distratifikasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik kuesioner. Setelah data terkumpul kemudia dianalisis menggunakan metode analisa statistik desktiptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) sebagian besar peserta didik (41,85%) memiliki persepsi yang baik terhadap pembelajaran daring PJOK dan (2) skor rata-rata persepsi peserta didik terhadap pembelajaran daring PJOK sebesar 89,91 berada pada kategori baik. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa peserta didik memiliki persepsi yang baik terhadap pembelajaran daring PJOK.
Model Pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar IPA
Authors: Sudewiputri Made Padmarani , Dharma I Made Aditya
Published: December 2021

IPA merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran yang wajib dibelajarkan kepada siswa sekolah dasar, hanya saja pada kenyataannya dilapangan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa sekolah dasar masih tergolong rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar IPA pada siswa kelas IV. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian eksperimen (quasi eksperimen). Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini yakni sebanyak 160 orang siswa. Penarikan sampel penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 70 orang siswa. Metode pengumpulan data Motivasi belajar, dilakukan dengan lembar kuesioner, sedangkan data hasil belajar IPA siswa dikumpulkan dengan tes objektif. Data hasil penelitian kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis Manova. Adapun hasil penelitian berdasarkan uji hipotesis yakni terdapat perbedaan motivasi belajar siswa antara siswa yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) dengan siswa yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional, terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar IPA siswa antara siswa yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) dengan siswa yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional, serta terdapat perbedaan secara simultan motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar IPA siswa antara siswa yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) dengan siswa yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional. Sehingga berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa model Numbered Heads Together (NHT) efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan motivasi serta hasil belajar siswa kelas IV, kususnya pada pembelajaran IPA.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Melalui Pendekatan Matematika Realistik Berbantuan Youtube
Authors: Siregar Khairunnisa , Muliatik Sri , Harahap Yenni Novita
Published: December 2021

Kegiatan pembelajaran matematika lebih banyak dilakukan dengan menanamankan konsep-konsep matematis kepada siswa, hanya saja pada pelaksanaannya tidak semua siswa mampu memahami konsep dengan baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk memberikan variasi pembelajaran yang tepat dan efektif dalam kemapuan pemahaman konsep matematika pada meteri lingkaran. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian ekperimen semu (quasi ekperimen) dengan jumlah populasi yakni seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP. Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik random sampling, dengan jumlah sampel akhir yakni sebanyak 60 siswa. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan tes, dengan instrument penelitian berupa Bentuk instrumen tes berisi materi perkalian bilangan bulat. Data hasil penelitian kemudian dianalisis dengan menentukan atau menghitung skor mentah tiap-tiap anggota sampel yang dipilih secara acak, baik pada kelas eksperimen maupun kelas kontrol. Setelah itu dilakukan penghitungan rata-rata (mean) dan standar deviasi baik hasil tes siswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran matematika realistik berbantuan youtube maupun hasil tes siswa yang diajarkan dengan metode konvensional. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika rata-rata sebesar 0,8% dan dapat dikatagorikan tinggi menutur tabel skor N-Gain. Sehingga Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima dalam penelitian ini yaitu terdapat peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa melalui pendekan matematika realistik berbantuan youtube.
Media Video Pembelajaran pada Muatan IPA Topik Perubahan Energi
Authors: Handayani Ni Luh Putu Ayu Evi , Bayu Gede Wira , Agustiana I Gusti Ayu Tri
Published: December 2021

Partisipasi siswa dalam pembelajaran belum banyak ditemukan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor. Salah satu faktor tersebut adalah masih minimnya penggunaan media pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media video pembelajaran pada muatan IPA topik Perubahan Energi untuk siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar yang valid. Pengembangan media video pembelajaran pada penelitian ini berpedoman pada prosedur ADDIE yang terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, yaitu: analisis, perancangan, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Namun, karena keterbatasan waktu, finansial, tenaga, dan sumber daya maka tahap implementasi tidak dilaksanakan. Subjek uji coba pada penelitian ini yaitu 2 orang ahli materi, 2 orang ahli media dan 2 orang praktisi. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuesioner dengan memberikan lembar penilaian kepada dua orang dosen ahli media, dua orang dosen ahli materi IPA, dan dua orang guru kelas IV SD. Data hasil validasi dari para ahli kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus mean untuk mengetahui rata-rata skor validitas media video pembelajaran IPA. Rata-rata skor validitas media video pembelajaran IPA dari segi ahli materi sebesar 4,75 dengan kualifikasi sangat baik, dari segi ahli media sebesar 4,65 dengan kualifikasi sangat baik, dan dari segi praktisi sebesar 4,5 dengan kualifikasi sangat baik. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa media video pembelajaran pada muatan IPA topik Perubahan Energi untuk siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar dinyatakan layak untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.