bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Hemodynamic Effects of Levosimendan and Milrinone in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Chand Kishan Vyas  , Ramesh Kumar  , Neelu Sharma  , Indu Verma  , Anjum Saiyed
Published: October 2020

Background: Off-Pump CABG or “beating heart” surgery possess a challenge to the anesthesiologist. Main goals are provision of safe anesthesia with maximum myocardial protection and maintenance of hemodynamics with various manipulation of heart during in order to visualize and graft the coronary arteries. Anesthetic regimen and ionotropic support influences postoperative myocardial function and outcome in coronary bypass surgery patients.Objective:  To compare and assess haemodynamic effects of  Levosimendan and Milrinone in patient undergoing off pump coronary artery bypass grafting with compromised cardiac function (NYHA III,IV) and pre-operative, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 45%.Subjects and Methods:Patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups (64 patients in each group). Levosimendan Group (Group A) received infusion of Inj. Levosimendan 0.1µg/kg/min after loading dose of 12μg/kg over 10 mins. While Milrinone Group (Group B) received infusion of inj. Milrinone 0.5µg/kg/min after loading dose of 50 μg/kg over 10 mins. HR, MAP, CVP, CI, SVRI, lactate levels were  monitored at baseline, after induction, after sternotomy, at 30mins ,thereafter  6, 12, and 24 hours using Flo-Trac sensor (Edwards Life sciences).Results:Heart Rate, CI was significantly higher in Levosimendan group while MAP, SVRI and lactate levels were lower in Levosimendan group as compared to Milrinone group. Need of other inotropic support is more in Milrinone group.Conclusion:Levosimendan maintained the haemodynamic parameters better as compared to Milrinone in off pump CABG patients with low preoperative ejection fraction and also better end organ perfusion represented by lower lactate levels.
Comparison of Sevoflurane and Propofol for Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion in Adults
Authors: Jitta Sudershan Reddy
Published: October 2020

Background: A randomized comparative study titled “Comparison of sevoflurane and propofol for insertion of laryngeal mask airway insertion in adults.” was done on 50 patients in the department of anesthesiology, at Pratima Medical College, Karimnagar, Telangana, India.Subjects and Methods:The conditions and hemodynamic changes for insertion of LMA were assessed in ASA grade I and II patients age 18 – 60 years while inserting LMA insertion. Patients were randomized into two groups. Inj Fentanyl 1.5 - 2µg/kg was given to both groupsof patients. Propofol 2 – 2.5 mg/kg was given in group P. Group S patients were induced with 8% sevoflurane. Hemodynamic parameters and quality of insertion of LMA were assessed. Time taken for insertion of LMA in both groups was compared.Results:There was no significant difference in adverse response to LMA insertion. The quality of insertion with propofol was excellent in all patients. With sevoflurane quality of insertion ranged from excellent to satisfactory. But the airway related incidents in our study were more in the sevoflurane group when compared to the propofol group but are not of any statistical significance. Induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane was associated with the advantage that means arterial pressure was better maintained with sevoflurane compared with propofol.Conclusion:Thus, sevoflurane is associated with good hemodynamic stability,but the quality of anesthesia provided with propofol is higher. Prolonged jaw relaxation with sevoflurane compared to propofol may delay laryngeal mask airway insertion.
Assessment of Outcome of Intrathecal Analgesia in Multiparous Women Undergoing Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Sanjay Melville Masih  , Rakesh Kumar Gupta
Published: October 2020

Background: The present study was conducted to assess the outcome of intrathecal analgesia in multiparous women undergoing vaginal delivery. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted among 80 multiparous women ages ranged 18- 40 years. All patients received 0.5 ml of intrathecal injection of 2.5 mg bupivacaine 0.5% and 1 ml dexamethasone 4 mg plus a 0.5 ml adjuvant. The adjuvants in group I patients were 100 μg morphine, 25 μg fentanyl in group II, 5 μg dexmedetomidine in group III and normal saline in group IV (control group). The primary and secondary outcome was the duration of pain relief, the analgesia onset time, the maximum level of sensory block, the visual analogue scale (VAS) was recorded. Results: The mean duration of analgesia in group I was 182.4 minutes, in group II was 170.5 minutes, in group III was 200.4 minutes and in group, IV was 140.2 minutes. The onset of analgesia was 3.9 minutes, 2.8 minutes, 2.7 minutes and 4.5 minutes in group I, II, III and IV respectively. S1 sensory regression time (minutes) was 181.4, 157.4, 185.3 and 130.6 in group I, II, III and IV respectively. Modified Bromage scale 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes after IT in all groups was 0.0. VAS was 1.3, 1.6, 1.6 and 3.1 with significant differences in all groups (P< 0.05). There was non- significant difference in mean age, weight, height and gestational age between all groups (P> 0.05). There was a non- significant difference in APGAR 1, 5, umbilical pH immediately after delivery, neonatal HR after 5minute, 15 minutes and 30 minutes in all groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The authors found that dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine-dexamethasone in multiparous women undergoing normal vaginal delivery.
To Compare Isobaric 0.5% Levobupivacaine With Isobaric 0.5% Ropivacaine In Brachial Plexus Block For Elective Upper Limb Surgery
Authors: Sharma Utsav , Thakur Kunwar Singh , Goyal Preeti , Choudhary Bhanu
Published: October 2020

Background: The purpose of the investigation is to Compare Isobaric 0.5% Levobupivacaine With Isobaric 0.5% Ropivacaine In Brachial Plexus Block For Elective Upper Limb Surgery. Subjects and Methods: Intravenous access was obtained in the limb opposite to that undergoing surgery with an intravenous cannula-18G. Standard monitors, ECG, pulse oximeter, non invasive blood pressure, respiratory monitoring were connected and monitored continuously in all the patients and recorded at interval of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 minutes in the first hour and every 30 minutes thereafter till the end of surgery. All emergency equipments including intubation aids and drugs such as midazolam, thiopentone or propofol and 20% of lipid emulsion were kept ready to deal with any adverse events during the course of procedure/ surgery. Sixty patients aged between 18yrs and 60yrs physical status ASA grade 1 and ASA grade 2 undergoing elective upper limb surgeries were included in the study. Results: Demographic details Age, sex and weight were comparable in both the groups (no significant statistical difference was observed). These eliminated possible bias in term of gender, age, and weight distribution which can alter the study drugs pharmacokinetics and dynamics. The average pulse rate, mean arterial pressure, oxygen saturation and respiratory rate readings at frequent intervals did not differ significantly between two intervention groups ( p> 0.05 for all) No clinically significant bradycardia or hypotension was noted. Conclusion: Levobupivacaine should be considered for peripheral nerve block when postoperative analgesia is a concern but not when an early return of motor function is desired in postoperative period for upper limb elective surgeries. Demographic details Age, sex and weight were comparable in both the groups (no significant statistical difference was observed). These eliminated possible bias in terms of gender, age, and weight distribution which can alter the study drug pharmacokinetics and dynamics. The average pulse rate, mean arterial pressure, oxygen saturation and respiratory rate readings at frequent intervals did not differ significantly between two intervention groups ( p> 0.05 for all) No clinically significant bradycardia or hypotension was noted.
Prospective Clinical Comparative Assessment of Intubating Conditions and Neuromuscular Blocking Effects of Two Different Doses of Cisatracurium.
Authors: Kailash Prabhudev  , Channagouda Hadimani
Published: October 2020

Background: To study the effects of two different doses of cisatracurium 0.15mg/kg and 0.2mg/kg regarding intubating conditions, duration of action, hemodynamic stability and allergic reactions.Subjects and Methods:60 patients posted for elective surgical procedures under general anaesthesia in various surgical disciplines were enrolled into the study and alternatively allocated patients into one of the two study groups of 30 each to receive either 0.15mg/kg or 0.2mg/kg of cisatracurium. Intubating conditions assessed as excellent, good, poor or not possible and duration of action assessed and noted. PR and BP monitored at regular timed intervals following muscle relaxant and allergic reactions evaluated clinically.Results:4×ED 95 dose of cisatracurium had statistically significantly longer duration of action and had produced proportionately excellent intubating conditions as compared to its 3×ED 95 dose. The mean duration of action after 4×ED 95 loading dose was 53.03±5.75 minutes and 45.16±4.41 minutes after 3×ED 95 dose and the difference was statistically and clinically significant. Proportionately 4×ED 95 dose of Cisatracurium had produced excellent intubating conditions as compared to its 3×ED 95 dose (90% vs 70%). Differences in hemodynamic changes (pulse rate and blood pressure) after the above doses were clinically insignificant. And none of the patients after either dose showed allergic reactions.Conclusion:Cisatracurium at a higher dose 0.2mg/kg (4×ED 95) as compared to its lower dose 0.15mg/kg (3×ED 95) provides longer duration of action and proportionately excellent intubating conditions. Both doses produced stable hemodynamic status without clinically significant changes in PR and BP. No allergic reactions were noted at both the doses.
Comparative Evaluation of Ropivacaine versus Levobupivacaine for Postoperative Epidural Analgesia in Geriatric Patients Posted for Orthopedic Surgeries
Authors: Shilpi Misra  , Furkan Akhtar Ansari
Published: October 2020

Background: With increasing life expectancy, improved healthcare and increasing prosperity, the proportion of elderly population is increasing throughout the world. Post-operative pain management among elderly patients  is a challenging and daunting task for anaesthesiologists. Altered redistribution kinetics as well as compromised drug clearance capacity render geriatric patients particularly vulnerable to drug-induced complications. Regional anaesthesia is preferred for the older patients because this form of anaesthesia causes the least interference with the metabolic functions.Subjects and Methods:56 elderly patients  scheduled for elective orthopaedic lower limb surgery under epidural anaesthesia with continuous post-operative epidural analgesia were enrolled in this prospective randomised study and were randomly allocated to two groups  consisting 28 patients each as under: Group I : Epidural analgesia Ropivacaine 0.2% @ 6ml/hr. Group II: Epidural analgesia Levobupivacaine 0.2% @ 6ml/hr. Statistical evaluation: Hemodynamic profiles, Onset of analgesia, extent of sensory and motor block  were recorded.  To compare the change in a parameter at two different time intervals paired "t" test was used. Block characteristics were analysed using Mann Whitney U test.Results:Both Ropivacaine and levobupivacaine provided excellent analgesic effect, a good hemodynamic stability and complication free infusion. As compared to levobupivacaine, ropivacaine had an early motor block recovery, early achievement of VAS score 0, ability to achieve higher levels of block and finally prolongation of analgesic effect even after the infusion was stopped.Conclusion:As compared to levobupivacaine, ropivacaine seems to be a better option for continuous epidural infusion owing to early motor block recovery and prolonged analgesia   after the infusion was stopped.
Study of Morphology and Morphometry of Placenta
Authors: Ch. Sudhakarbabu  , M. Indira
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The placental examination provide significant information related to intrauterine foetal death, Intrauterine Growth Retardation, Malformations, infections and effects of maternal diseases on fetal growth. The magnitude of the clinical problems related to the development and the functions of the placenta is so vast that it worth undertaking morphological aspect of Human placenta A thorough examination of the placenta is neglected often underestimated by the Physician and Gynecologist Pediatrician and pathologist despite its invaluable role in the fetal development. Subjects and Methods: In our present study, 50 freshly delivered placentae have collected The placenta and the umbilical cord were examined to look for any abnormalities in the shape, cord insertion, and vessels in the cord, placenta weight, its circumference, diameter, volume, and thickness at the level of cord insertion were also noted. Baby's weight at birth and age in weeks, maternal history about diabetes and hypertension were also recorded down. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 20.0, USA was used to do statistical analysis of the measurements. Results: In the present study, the placenta weight, volume, diameter, and circumference show a strong correlation with fetal weight. We found the placenta of round and abnormal shapes in 88% and 12% of cases, respectively. In 77% of cases, we got normal cord insertion and in 23% of cases, abnormal cord insertion. Statistical analysis of all the parameters of the placenta was done. Conclusion: In our study, Placental weight, volume, diameter, and circumference showed a strong correlation with fetal weight. The knowledge of these measurements on the placenta and umbilical cord will be helpful to the pediatrician and obstetrician in clinical practice.
Research on Commodity Mixed Recommendation Algorithm
Authors: Chang Hao , Yang Shengquan
Published: October 2020

With the advent of the era of big data, our lives generate huge amounts of data every day, and the field of e-commerce is no exception. It is particularly important to analyze these data and recommend products. It is reported that through the recommendation algorithm, Amazon has increased its sales by about 30%. Among the recommended algorithms, the collaborative filtering algorithm is currently relatively mature and has achieved very good results in various fields. But the traditional collaborative filtering algorithm is too rough when calculating the similarity and prediction score, and the efficiency is very low. We combine the traditional collaborative filtering algorithm with the decision tree algorithm, and improve the traditional recommendation algorithm, create a collaborative filtering decision tree algorithm to recommend products, and run the new collaborative filtering decision tree algorithm on the Hadoop platform on. Experiments show that the improved algorithm makes the accuracy of recommendation significantly improved.
Modeling the impact of climate change on streamflow and major hydrological components of an Iranian Wadi system
Authors: Mahmoodi Nariman , Wagner Paul D. , Kiesel Jens , Fohrer Nicola
Published: October 2020

Climate change has pronounced impacts on water resources, especially in arid regions. This study aims at assessing the impacts of climate change on streamflow of the Wadi Halilrood Basin which feeds the Jazmorian wetland in southeastern Iran. To simulate streamflow and hydrological components in the future periods (2030–2059 and 2070–2099), projections for the emission scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 from 11 global-regional climate models and two bias correction methods are used as input data for a hydrologic model that represents the daily streamflow with good accuracy (NSE: 0.76, PBIAS: 4.7, KGE: 0.87). The results indicate a slight increase of streamflow in January and March, due to the higher intensity of precipitation. However, according to the predicted flow duration curves, a decrease for high and very high flow and no remarkable changes for middle, low and very low flow is found under both emission scenarios for both future periods. Compared to the simulated hydrological components for the baseline, a slight increase of evapotranspiration of around 6 mm (4%) and 2 mm (<2%) for the mid- and end of the century is estimated, respectively. Moreover, a substantial drop of water yield of around 36 mm (63%) at mid-century and 39 mm (69%) at the end of the century are projected.
Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by embedding immobilized crude oil degrading bacteria
Authors: Zhang Pin , Wang Xiaoli , Peng Shitao , Tian Xiumei , Li Zhaokun , Zhou Ran
Published: October 2020

In this study, the removal effect of free and immobilized bacteria on crude oil was determined. Sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol were used as embedding agent, and ramie was modified as an adsorbent to immobilize free bacteria. The conditions for preparing immobilized pellets were optimized using the response surface method, and the best combination was simulated and obtained by Design-Expert 8.0. The best degradation rate of immobilized bacteria was 75.52%. The degradation by free bacteria and immobilized bacteria showed that the selected microorganisms had a good degradation effect on petroleum hydrocarbons.
Sensibilização sobre o uso eficiente de energia elétrica em escolas públicas de Goianinha/RN
Authors: Dantas de Araújo Júnior Aldayr , Karla de Lima Galvão Anísia , Luiz de Sena Liberato André , Alves Galvão da Silva Adriane , Vinícius de Souza Rodrigues Carlos
Published: October 2020

Este artigo é resultante de um projeto de extensão que objetivou difundir medidas de utilização consciente da energia elétrica em escolas públicas do município de Goianinha/RN. Para isso, foram realizadas palestras em quatro escolas do município, que enfatizaram os impactos diretos que a geração de energia elétrica tem sobre o meio ambiente, demonstrando maneiras de uso eficiente da eletricidade para alunos e professores, visando a conscientização ambiental e econômica. Também foram feitas vistorias nas instalações elétricas das escolas, buscando identificar possíveis problemas e anormalidades, conforme a Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. Após, foram elaborados laudos com as imagens e a descrição das inadequações, seguidas das recomendações para retificação conforme ABNT NBR 5410:2004. O projeto cumpriu seus objetivos e contemplou cerca de 500 estudantes e professores.
A extensão universitária na Unidade Acadêmica de Passos, da Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG):
Authors: Daia Firmiano Frederico
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo, visamos realizar um breve balanço das atividades extensionistas desenvolvidas no âmbito da Unidade Acadêmica de Passos, da Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, particularmente, acerca dos projetos e programas de extensão executados ao longo de ano de 2019, tanto com auxílio financeiro sob a forma de bolsas para estudantes e docentes, quanto de modo voluntário. Buscamos indicar algumas das potencialidades e limites da atividade de extensão na Uemg - Passos, à luz das condições de produção da vida acadêmica. Em 2019, a Unidade Acadêmica desenvolveu um total de 70 projetos de extensão, sendo 43 com uma ou duas bolsas para estudantes e 27 com estudantes voluntários. No total, foram 64 estudantes bolsistas, 6 docentes bolsistas, além de 48 estudantes voluntários.
HPLC detection of synthetic dyes in residual waters from wastewater treatment
using adsorption on magnetic materials
Authors: Tatarus Alina , Simionescu Claudia Maria , Scutariu Roxana Elena , Iancu Vasile Ion , Pirvu Florinela , Puiu Diana , Galaon Toma
Published: October 2020

Surface water contamination by synthetic dyes generates human and wildlife adverse health effects and causes photosynthesis decrease due to intense sun-light absorption of these pollutants. 50% of total discharged industrial effluents contain azo dyes. Congo Red is a benzidine based anionic azo dye that is usually employed in rubber, paper and plastic industries. Congo Red can cause eye and skin irritation and is potentially carcinogenic in nature. This study explores the development of a new HPLC method to detect synthetic dyes in residual waters coming from wastewater treatment technologies based on magnetic material adsorption. Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) and chitosan-coated cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4-Chit) prepared by a simple co-precipitation method were tested as adsorbents for Congo Red (CR). Effect of contact time, solution pH, and initial dye concentration were studied with respect to Congo Red adsorption efficiency. The adsorption experiments were performed at pH = 4.5 and 10.8. The highest value for the removal efficiency using the magnetic material of cobalt ferrite coated with chitosan (CoFe2O4-Chit) was obtained at pH 10.8.
Reversibility of Acute Adrenal Insufficiency After Hip Replacement: A Case Series
Authors: Latina Adele , Pellegrino Micaela , Chiefari Alfonsina , Lardo Pina , Pia Anna , Reimondo Giuseppe , Borretta Giorgio
Published: October 2020

Background:

Acute adrenal insufficiency is a rare but potentially lethal condition, that
is important to identify promptly and treat with replacement therapy. It can be consequent to adrenal
hemorrhage that can occur after major orthopedic surgery. Few data are available about potential
recovery of adrenal function, as well as both timing and modality of cortisone acetate withdrawal,
probably due to the assumption that adrenal failure should be definitive. The extension of adrenal
damage can be different, so justifying a partial, or potentially complete, recovery of adrenal
function. The aim of our article is to highlight the opportunity of a periodical revaluation of adrenal
reserve in order to identify those patients which are able to interrupt replacement therapy.

Case Presentation:

We had recently described one case of acute adrenal insufficiency, which developed
short time after hip replacement; the patient was able to discontinue cortisone acetate treatment
46 months after the diagnosis and remained untreated up to five years later. We collected
other two cases of acute adrenal insufficiency, developed about one week after major orthopedic
surgery. We followed such patients for about three years, repeatedly reassessing adrenal imaging
and cortisol response to 250 μg ACTH test, in order to ascertain the real need of lifetime substitutive
treatment with cortisone acetate. Acute adrenal insufficiency partially reverted during the follow
up for both patients. We observed a reduction in adrenal glands’ volume and a progressive improvement
of cortisol basal levels, without response (or with a poor one) to ACTH stimulation, as
well as with ACTH basal levels persistently above the normal range after 36 and 28 months respectively
spent from the acute event.

Conclusions:

The present finding suggests the opportunity that patients developing acute adrenal insufficiency
after major orthopedic surgery undergo long-term surveillance, in order to establish if
steroid replacement has to be continued, or it can be safely withdrawn.
Race, Ethnicity, Family Socioeconomic Status, and Children’s Hippocampus Volume
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The hippocampus has a significant role in memory, learning, and cognition. Although hippocampal size is highly susceptible to family socioeconomic status (SES) and associated stress, very little is known on racial and ethnic group differences in the effects of SES indicators on hippocampus volume among American children. Purpose: This study explored the multiplicative effects of race, ethnicity, and family SES on hippocampus volume among American children. Methods: Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD), we analyzed the functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data of 9390 9-10 years old children. The main outcome was hippocampus volume. The predictor was parental education. Subjective family SES was the independent variable. Age, sex, and marital status were the covariates. Racial and ethnic group membership were the moderators. To analyze the data, we used regression models. Results: High subjective family SES was associated with larger hippocampus volume. This effect was significantly larger for Whites than Black families. Conclusions: The effect of subjective family SES on children’s hippocampus volume is weaker in Black than White families.
Addressing a Structural Cause of Mental Disorders with an Economic Policy Reform
Authors: Weber Lea Marlen , Höfgen Maurice
Published: October 2020

This paper contributes to the etiology of several mental disorders by taking into consideration the social and personal influence the economy has on each individual. Within the neoliberal paradigm, involuntary unemployment is used as a policy tool to achieve price stability. Hence, permanent existence of involuntary unemployment is inherent to neoliberal economic policy. While research suggests a strong negative impact of involuntary unemployment on mental health, this paper argues that unemployment within the neoliberal paradigm in many ways even worsens the anyhow negative impact. In light of the destructive forces of involuntary unemployment combined with an individualistic zeitgeist as well as in light of the benefits associated with continuous access to meaningful employment, this paper suggests the implementation of a Job-Guarantee as a means to address a structural cause of mental disorders, particularly depression and anxiety.
Pharmaceutical pricing benchmarks: governmental versus private sector
Authors: Turkistani Fatema , Sawad Aseel Bin
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
To explore the best pricing benchmark for workers’ compensation drugs reimbursement at retail pharmacies.
Materials & methods:
We used California workers’ compensation system (CAWCS) total cost of pharmacy dispensed medications (2017–2019) as a proxy to estimate drug prices using alternative pricing mechanism fee schedules.
Results:
CAWCS paid 65.6% of the average wholesale price (AWP), 104.1% of Medi-Cal, 122.1% of the wholesale acquisition cost (WAC), 140.1% of the national average drug acquisition cost (NADAC), and 253.5% of the federal upper limit. In addition, we found the AWP-based formulas: CAWCS = AWP - 34.4%, Medi-Cal = AWP - 36.9%, WAC = AWP - 46.3%, NADAC = AWP - 53.2%, and federal upper limit = AWP - 74.1%. We found that AWP: 50% for generics and AWP - 18.2% for brands are the lowest paying formulas. The estimated median cost savings were $8.7 million (by adapting 97% of the WAC) and $9.5 million (by adapting the NADAC) across all states.
Conclusion:
NADAC was the best pricing benchmark for reimbursement of pharmacy dispensed drugs.
The Three-Legged Stool of Voter Engagement
Authors: Sandler Adelaide K. , Hylton Mary E. , Ostrander Jason , Smith Tanya R.
Published: October 2020

Disparities in voter turnout have increased significantly over the past four decades. Members of historically oppressed groups, those who are low-income, and or who have lower levels of education vote at significantly lower rates than white, wealthy and or more educated community members. These disparities correlate directly to political power and the eventual allocation of resources by elected officials. Therefore, eliminating these disparities through targeted voter engagement with client groups is particularly important for the profession of social work. This article describes the conceptualization of voter engagement as a three-legged stool, consisting of voter registration, regular voting, and basing voting decisions on self-interest.Without attention to all three legs, the potential for generating political power collapses, resulting in minimal influence on elected officials.
CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing to improve abiotic stress tolerance in plants
Authors: Hyun Tae
Published: October 2020

Climate change is affecting agriculture in a number of ways, such as changing
water distribution, daily temperatures and salinity patterns. In this
regard, plant breeding innovations and genetic engineering approaches to
improve abiotic stress tolerance are necessary to avoid a decline in crop
yields caused by climate change during the 21st century. In the last few
years, genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas system has attracted attention as
a powerful tool that can generate hereditary mutations. So far, only a few
studies using the CRISPR/Cas system have been reported to improve abiotic
stress tolerance, but they have clearly suggested its effective role for
future applications in molecular breeding to improve abiotic stress
tolerance. Accordingly, the CRISPR/Cas system application is introduced in
this mini-review as a way to improve abiotic stress tolerance. Although
editing efficiency and target discovery for plant CRISPR/Cas systems require
further improvement, CRISPR/Cas systems will be the key approach to
maintaining global food security during climate change.
Effect of plant growth regulators and explants on callus induction and study of antioxidant potentials and phenolic metabolites in Salvia tebesana Bunge
Authors: Hemmati Niloofar , Cheniany Monireh , Ganjeali Ali
Published: October 2020

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different plant growth
regulators (PGRs) on callus induction in Salvia tebesana explants grown in
vitro and to evaluate the content of secondary phenolic compounds and their
antioxidant potential. The explants (shoot apical meristem, leaf and
petiole) were dissected from an 8-week-old plant of S. tebesana growing in
vitro and cultured on MS media containing different concentrations of 2,4-D
(0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg L-1), NAA (0, 0.5 and 1 mg L-1) and BAP (0, 0.5 and
1 mg L-1), either alone or in a blend with each other. Morphological
characteristics of the callus (consistency and colour), biomass increase
based on fresh and dry weight and the percentage of induction were recorded
after 56 days. Levels of total phenols, ortho-diphenols, phenolic acids,
flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and flavonols of callus, as well as
antioxidant activities, were evaluated in vitro. The maximum callus
formation (100%) was obtained from shoot apical meristem on MS medium
supplemented with 0.5 and 1.5 mg L-1 2,4-D + 1 mg L-1 BAP and with 1 and 1.5
mg L-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L-1 BAP, whereas the highest fresh (15.06 ? 0.88 g)
and dry (0.33 ? 0.02 g) weights of call were observed in a medium
containing1.5 mg L-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L-1 NAA. It was noted that MS media
augmented with combined PGRs had the highest accumulation of polyphenols,
phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds, with levels of content varying in
the following order: 2,4-D + BAP > NAA + BAP > 2,4-D + NAA. Strong linear
correlations were established between total phenolic content of callus
extracts and results of the DPPH and FRAP assays (r2 = 0.896 and r2 = 0.946,
p < 0.01, respectively). The obtained results suggest that the described
method could be utilised as a tool for large-scale production of medicinal
metabolites of S. tebesana by tissue culture.
COMPORTAMENTO DO CONSUMIDOR VOLTADO PARA A SUSTENTABILIDADE: ELUCIDANDO O CAMPO TEÓRICO E CONTRIBUINDO PARA AGENDA DE PESQUISA
Authors: Pavanelo Pivetta Natália , Scherer Flavia Luciane , Rigui Trindade Nathália , Nunes Piveta Maíra
Published: October 2020

O estudo buscou revisitar as principais abordagens teóricas existentes na literatura sobre o comportamento do consumidor voltado para a sustentabilidade organizando o conhecimento do campo de estudo e apresentar contribuições para o desenvolvimento de uma agenda de pesquisa na referida área. Ao analisar trabalhos que exploram o tema do comportamento do consumidor e construir um apanhado histórico da área, foi possível fornecer uma perspectiva teórica na qual a pesquisa sobre comportamento do consumidor tem se desenvolvido. Após um apanhado geral da literatura, o artigo demonstra que o estudo sobre o comportamento do consumidor verde é analisado, principalmente por meio de três abordagens teóricas. Dentre essas abordagens, duas delas têm recebido críticas no que tange a falta de evidências empíricas que as comprovem, são elas: Análise das características sociodemográficas; Análise das atitudes e comportamentos dos consumidores. Nesta perspectiva, ao final o estudo oferece uma chamada para uma nova abordagem de pesquisa com foco nas barreiras sobre o consumo verde. Também, busca encorajar pesquisadores do comportamento do consumidor a utilizar diferentes metodologias quando o estado do conhecimento assim o exigir para uma melhor compreensão do comportamento humano.
Between Life and Death: Suicide amongst the Indian Labour in Colonial Malaya, 1900-1941.
Authors: Krishnan Dr. Parameswari , Raman Dr. J. Hinduja Jayer , Darkasi Said
Published: October 2020

Until today, the study of the history of the Indian community in Colonial Malaya is described as linear, with focus on two situations: their arrival in Malaya as immigrants, and their involvement in the estates. Other aspects of the history of Indians in Malaya during the colonial period are not given proper attention, especially in matters considered taboo, such as suicide. In consideration of this fact, this study focuses on the aspect of suicide among the Indian estate workers in colonial Malaya, especially within the period 1900-1941. This study is carried out using primary sources not used by previous researchers.
Ammattikorkeakouluopettajien monialainen sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon tiedonhallinnan osaaminen
Authors: Rajalahti Elina , Heinonen Jarmo , Eloranta Sini , Ahonen Outi , Hinkkanen Leena , Tiainen Minna , Kinnunen Ulla-Mari
Published: October 2020

Nopea yhteiskunnan digitaalinen muutos (Digital Transformation, DT) on vaikuttanut viimeisten viiden vuoden aikana vahvasti sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon palvelukehitykseen. Digitalisaatio on synnyttänyt paradigman muutoksen, mihin koulutuksen on pitänyt vahvasti reagoida vastatakseen vaadittaviin työelämän osaamistarpeisiin. Ammattikorkeakoulusta valmistuvalle ammattilaiselle on koulutuksessa taattava riittävät valmiudet toimia työelämässä ja selviytyä muutoksesta. Edellytyksenä on, että sosiaali- ja terveysalan, liiketalouden, palvelumuotoilualan ja IT-alan opettajat hallitsevat digitalisaation kehityksen.

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli arvioida ammattikorkeakouluopettajien sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon digitaalisessa toimintaympäristössä tarvittavaa tiedonhallinnan osaamista. Tutkimus on osa SotePeda 24/7 -hanketta. Hankkeessa mukana oleville Suomen ammattikorkeakouluille (22) lähetettiin huhti-toukokuussa 2019 kyselylomake, joka pohjautui kansalliseen ja kansainväliseen näyttöön perustuvaan tietoon. Lomakkeessa oli 12 osaamisaluetta sisältöineen. Vastauksia saatiin kolmen muistutuksen jälkeen 172.

Aineisto analysoitiin faktorianalyysillä hyödyntäen maximum likelihood menetelmää, ja tuloksena saatiin 18 faktoria. Suurimman latauksen saanut faktori nimettiin tiedonhallinnan ja digitaalisuuden osaamisen faktoriksi. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan kyselyssä tälle faktorille latautuneita tiedonhallinnan muuttujia.

Korrespondenssianalyysit ja tarkentavat erotteluanalyysit osoittivat osaamisen eroavan eri koulutusaloilla. Sosiaalialalla tiedonhallinnan osaamisessa oli koulutusaloista isommat erot kuin terveysalan opettajilla, joiden osaaminen oli tasaisemmin hyvää ja erittäin hyvää. Sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon tiedonhallinnan osaamisessa oli muilla tutkimukseen osallistuvilla aloilla isoja eroja oman koulutusalan sisällä.
Designing socially acceptable mHealth technologies for Parkinson's disease self-management
Authors: Grosjean Sylvie , Bate Eliza , Mestre Tiago
Published: October 2020

Mobile health (mHealth) technologies for Parkinson’s disease management have developed quickly in recent years. Research in this area typically focuses on evaluation of the accuracy and reliability of the technology, often to the exclusion of social factors and patient perspectives. This qualitative systematic review aimed to investigate the barriers to and facilitators of use mHealth technologies for disease self-management from the perspective of People with Parkinson's (PwP). Findings revealed that technological, as well as social, and financial factors are key considerations for mHealth design, to ensure its acceptability, and long-term use by PwP. This study proposes that a co-design approach could contribute to the design and development of mHealth that are socially acceptable to PwP, and enable their successful long-term use in the context of daily life.
КОЛЛЕКТИВИЗАЦИЯ ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ КАК МЕРА ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВИЯ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЮ ВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ
Authors: Мятишкин Юрий
Published: October 2020

Проблема распространения коронавирусной инфекции заставляет по-новому взглянуть на организацию экономики. Как сохранять жизнеспособность народного хозяйства при условии резкого сокращения личных контактов людей во избежание передачи заболевания в условиях пандемии? Как обеспечивать новую инвестиционную активность? Как повысить дисциплину, связанную с реализацией мер противодействия эпидемиям?

Если в организациях, имеющих иерархическую систему управления, можно заставить их членов выполнять правила, то за пределами рабочих мест на людей сложно влиять без применения полицейских мер. В магазинах и общественном транспорте постоянно возникают скопления случайных людей, без соблюдения санитарных правил порождающие неконтролируемое распространение инфекции.

В связи с этим предлагается ввести систему управления потреблением, ограничив магазинную розничную торговлю и развив кооперацию потребителей. В основе предлагаемых изменений лежит новый механизм отношений граждан, власти и некоммерческих организаций, т. е. более развитая система их социального партнерства, чем сегодня.

В результате преобразования системы снабжения местных жителей региональная власть сможет влиять на характер потребления через участие в постановке задач поставщикам совместно с гражданами. Таким образом, опираясь на интересы населения, она сможет качественнее определять направление инвестирования средств бизнеса в развитие производства товаров и осуществления услуг.

Соблюдение местных правил потребления и общежития, разрабатываемых органами самоуправления и принимаемых гражданами решениями общих собраний, обеспечит повышение качества потребления, снижение необходимости в полицейских мерах для сохранения правопорядка (в том числе, при реализации карантинных мероприятий), а также создаст дополнительную инвестиционную активность посредством системы группового формирования спроса на новые товары и изменения экономического статуса ритейла.
CULTURAL UNTRANSLATABILITY: A STUDY ON THE RAINBOW TROOPS
Authors: Utami SK Nur
Published: October 2020

The notion of translatability is possibly done with the extent to which meaning can still be adequately conveyed across languages. For this to be feasible, meaning has to be understood not only in terms of what the source text contains, but also in terms of target audience and purpose of translation. In linguistic untranslatability, the functionally relevant features include some which are in fact formal features of the language of the source language text. If the target language has no formally corresponding feature, the text, or the item, is (relatively) untranslatable. What appears to be a quite different problem arises, however, when a situational feature, functionally relevant for the source text, is completely absent in the culture of target language. As culture has something to do with the concept, source language texts and items are more or less translatable rather than absolutely translatableoruntranslatable. An adaptation, then, is a procedure whereby the translator replaces a term with cultural connotations, where those connotations are restricted to readers of the original language text, with a term with corresponding cultural connotations that would be familiar to readers of the translated text. Translating such culturally untranslatable items entails profound knowledge on both source and target cultures. Most cases in this particular work are solved by keepingcultural terms in the source language text, with or without explanation. Ecological, social, and religious culture terms undergo the process most frequently.
STUDENTS� PERSPECTIVES ON THE ROLE OF OPEN ACCESS CENTRE AND LANGUAGE LABORATORY AS SUPPORTING UNITS IN DEVELOPING ENGLISH LANGUAGE SKILLS
Authors: Hartanto Wuryani
Published: October 2020

This study aims at revealing the perception of the 2010, 2011 and 2012 academic year studentsof the Faculty of Letters on two supporting units at the faculty, namely Open Access Centre (OAC) and Language Laboratory (LL) in enhancing their English Language Skills. The results show that the average students consider both OAC and LL useful in developing their English Language competence. On the whole, they are satisfied with the existence of these two media except for a few things which need improving, such as facilities and instruments.
BECOMING LOVABLE – HOW WAS THE WORLD-FAMOUS IBSEN RECEIVED IN HUNGARY IN THE 19ᵀᴴ CENTURY?
Authors: ASZTALOS Veronka-Örsike
Published: October 2020

Becoming lovable – how was the world-famous Ibsen received in Hungary in the 19th century? This study aims to show the controversies encountered in the early period of Henrik Ibsen’s Hungarian reception (up till 1895). The Norwegian author and his dramas are deeply rooted in the local cultures, and, we can also gain insight into glocal literary modernities by examining local disputes about Ibsen. The global success of “The Doll’s House” was divisive in the late 19th century, and the performance, in general, triggered ambivalent responses from the audiences: while some critics and viewers greeted it as a world-famous, modern work exploring contemporary social issues, others viewed it as an immoral drama that would have a harmful influence on society. The play triggered a major debate on the role of the women in Hungarian society and their emancipation.
REZUMAT. Devenind iubit – cum a fost primit renumitul Ibsen în Ungaria în secolul al 19-lea? Acest studiu își propune să arate controversele întâmpinate în perioada inițială a recepției maghiare a lui Henrik Ibsen (până în 1895). Autorul norvegian și dramele lui sunt adânc înrădăcinate în culturile locale și de asemenea, putem obține o perspectivă asupra modernităților literare glocale, examinând dispute locale despre Ibsen. Succesul global a dramei „O casă de păpuși” a fost divizibil la sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea, iar performanța, în general, a declanșat reacții ambivalente din partea publicului: în timp ce unii critici și spectatori salutau ca o operă de renume mondială, modernă, explorând probleme sociale contemporane, alții au văzut-o ca pe o dramă imorală care poate avea o influență dăunătoare asupra societății. Piesa a declanșat o dezbatere majoră asupra rolului femeilor în societatea maghiară și emanciparea lor.
Cuvinte cheie: stereotipuri maghiare, ibsenism, ambivalență, căsătorie, divorț, vizita lui Ibsen, Nordul, recepție.
LES ANGLICISMES EN FRANÇAIS, EN ITALIEN ET EN ROUMAIN : DES COMPORTEMENTS LINGUISTIQUES DIFFERENTS
Authors: BEGIONI Louis , GENCĂRĂU Ștefan
Published: October 2020

Anglicisms in French, Italian, and Romanian: Different Linguistic Patterns of behaviour. In this article, we reflect, in an extended comparative way, upon the attitude that is adopted with regard to the use of anglicisms in French, Italian, and Romanian. We observe different patterns of behaviour starting with phrases in the field of maximum evidence, namely: computer science, a field that does not already inspire the feeling that anglicisms extend even over other language-adapted neologisms. We describe the institutional framework in which the focus of our attention is on the circulation and tendency of limiting anglicisms in the case of French. We also focus on the impact and effects of the belated establishment of the Italian nation within a language policy oriented towards neology and anglicisms. We keep in mind the Romanian context in which French and Italian neology make room for anglicisms, firstly through contact languages, and secondly, owing to the factor with repercussions in the global linguistic policy.
Rezumat. Anglicismele în franceză, în italiană și în română: comportamente lingvistice diferite. Reflectăm în acest articol, într-o modalitate comparativă extinsă, asupra atitudinii pe care o adoptă în privința anglicismelor, franceza, italiana și româna. Constatăm comportamentul diferit pornind de la fraze din domeniul de maximă evidență, anume: cel al informaticii, domeniu ce ne inspiră deja sentimentul că anglicismele se extind chiar și asupra altor neologii adaptate limbii. Explicăm cadrul instituțional în care se discută circulația și tendința de limitare a anglicismelor în cazul francezei. Ne oprim la repercusiunile constituirii tardive a națiunii italiene în politica lingvistică orientată spre neologie și spre anglicisme. Reținem contextul românesc în care neologia franceză și cea italiană fac loc anglicismelor, întâi prin limbile de contact, apoi datorită factorului cu repercusiuni în politica lingvistică globală.
Cuvinte cheie: anglicisme, neologie, franceză, română, italiană, politică lingvistică
ANALYSIS OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS’ EVALUATION DATA REGARDING THE SHIFT TO eLEARNING. A CASE IN POINT: THE ENGLISH MORPHOLOGY SEMINARS
Authors: COTOC Alexandra , CHIRA Dorin
Published: October 2020

Analysis of First Year Students’ Evaluation Data Regarding the Shift to eLearning. A Case in Point: The English Morphology Seminars. In the remote learning setting of the second semester of the academic year 2019-2020, students suddenly had access to the academic context only in a digital format. As such, content, academic instruction, peers and instructors were all part of an impromptu teaching-learning process. This study explores the relation between students and technology before/during and after the second semester. We also look at the students’ perception of a particular form of academic instruction, namely a seminar, and a particular topic, English Morphology. In order to obtain a valid analysis, we also present our students’ academic profile, their perception and attitude towards their fields of study (Philology) and towards the ideal (online) language instructor.
REZUMAT. O analiză a evaluărilor studenților din anul I privind tranziția la predarea online. Cazul seminarului de morfologie. În contextul predării online din semestrul al doilea al anului universitar 2019-2020, studenții au avut acces la mediul academic doar în format digital. Astfel, conținutul, predarea, colegii și profesorii au fost parte a unui proces de predare-învățare adaptat brusc la cerințele din spațiul digital. Acest studiu analizează raportarea studenților la tehnologie înainte, în timpul și după terminarea semestrului II. Vom analiza, de asemenea, percepția studenților asupra unei anumite forme de predare universitară (seminar) și a unui anumit subiect (Morfologie engleză). Pentru a obține o analiză validă, vom prezenta și profilul academic al studenților, percepția și atitudinea lor asupra domeniului de studiu (Filologie) și a profesorului ideal (față-în-față sau online).
Cuvinte cheie: Învățământ superior, gramatică engleză, predare online, percepția studenților