bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initial neutrophil/lymphocyte and lymphocyte/monocyte ratios can predict future insulin need in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Erbaş İbrahim Mert , Hajikhanova Aygün , Besci Özge , Acinikli Kübra Yüksek , Demir Korcan , Böber Ece , Abacı Ayhan
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The exact mechanism of partial clinical remission in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has not been elucidated yet. The severity of the inflammation at the time of diagnosis may affect the occurrence or duration of this phase. We aimed to investigate the relationship between hematological inflammatory parameters at the time of diagnosis in T1DM and (i) daily insulin requirement during the follow-up and (ii) the presence of partial clinical remission period, which was determined according to insulin dose-adjusted HbA1c levels.

Methods

A single-center retrospective study was conducted, including children who were diagnosed with T1DM, were positive for at least one autoantibody, and were followed up for one year in our clinic between 2010 and 2020.

Results

Sixty-eight patients (55.9% female, 64.7% prepubertal) were included in the study, whose mean age was 8.4 ± 4.2 years. A total of 38 patients (55.9%) had partial clinical remission. None of the initial hematological indices were associated with the occurrence of partial remission. Initial neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and derived-NLR (d-NLR) levels were significantly lower (p=0.011 and 0.033, respectively) and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) levels were significantly higher (p=0.005) in patients who showed an insulin requirement of <0.5 IU/kg/day at the 3rd month after diagnosis.

Conclusions

Initial hematological parameters were not found as a predictor of partial clinical remission period in T1DM in children. However, a lower NLR and d-NLR, or a higher LMR at the time of diagnosis can be used as an indicator of a low daily insulin need at the 3rd month of T1DM.
Calculation of the higher order eigenvalues for a homogeneous sphere using the FN
method
Authors: Yíldíz C.
Published: March 2022

The transport of monoenergetic neutrons in spherical geometry with forward scattering and vacuum boundary conditions is considered. The scaled transport equation is solved using the Fn method by considering the pseudo-slab problem. Numerical results for the fundamental and higher order eigenvalues are presented for several significant figures. Some selected results are compared with those obtained using various methods in the literature. Finally, a few remarks about the behavior of the criticality eigenvalue of the neutron transport equation with forward scattering is given.
Study of the possibility of high accuracy flow measurements with the pulsed neutron activation method
Authors: Nordlund A. , Avdic S. , Kaiser N.
Published: March 2022

The performance of water flow measurements with pulsed neutron activation (PNA) have been investigated in the past few years. In this report the following particular Problems were investigated: (a) the effect of collimation on the time-resolved detector signals; (b) the behavior of the background signal, in order to expedite optimum background elimination from the measured signals; and (c) the properties of water mixing, by measuring the geometrical asymmetry of the activated volume as a function of distance from the source as well as of flow velocity. It was seen that with the flow velocities and Reynolds numbers in the present experiments, the mixing is not perfect. Thus, in general, the PNA method will lead to an underestimation of the mass flow due to the effect of the laminar layer close to the wall whose contribution to the total mass flow will be enhanced. The investigations reported here contribute to the improvement of the accuracy of the method.
The astrophysical S-factor for dd-reactions at keV-energy range
Authors: Bystritskii V. , Bystritsky V. , Chaikovsky S. , Filipowicz M. , Grebenyuk V. , Gula E. , Makhrin V. , Mesyats G. , Parzhitski S. , Pen’kov F. , Ratakhin N. , Sinebryukhov V. , Sorokin S. , Stolupin V. , Volkov E. , Woźniak J.
Published: March 2022

The experimental results of measurements of the astrophysical S-factor for dd-reaction at keV-energy range collision energies using liner plasma technique are presented. The experiments were carried out at the high current generator of the Institute of High-Current Electronics in Tomsk, Russia. The measured values of the S-factors for the deuteron collision energies 1.80, 2.06 and 227 keV are

S

d
d

=
(
114
±
68
)
,
(
64
±
30
)
,
(
53
±
16
)
b
⋅
k
e
V
,

${{S}_{dd}}=(114\pm 68),(64\pm 30),(53\pm 16)b\cdot keV,$

respectively. The corresponding cross sections for dd-reactions, described as a product of the barrier factor and measured astrophysical S-factor, are

σ

d
d

n

(

E

c
o
l

=
1.80
keV

)

=
(
4.3
±
2.6
)
.

$\sigma _{dd}^{n}\left( {{E}_{col}}=1.80\text{keV} \right)=(4.3\pm 2.6).$

10

−
33

 
c

m
2

;

σ

d
d

n

(

E

c
o
l

=
2.06
keV

)

=
(
9.8
±
4.6
)
⋅

10

−
33

 
c

m
2

;

σ

d
d

n

(

E

c
o
l

=

${{10}^{-33}}~c{{m}^{2}};\sigma _{dd}^{n}\left( {{E}_{col}}=2.06\text{keV} \right)=(9.8\pm 4.6)\cdot {{10}^{-33}}~c{{m}^{\text{2}}};\sigma _{dd}^{n}\left( {{E}_{col}}= \right.$
An energy amplifier fluidized bed nuclear reactor concept
Authors: Sefidvash F. , Seifritz W.
Published: March 2022

The concept of a fluidized bed nuclear reactor driven by an energy amplifier system is described. The reactor has promising characteristics of inherent safety and passive cooling. The reactor can easily operate with any desired spectrum in order to be a plutonium burner or have it operate with thorium fuel cycle.
Fission product isotope ratios as event characterization tools– Part II: Radioxenon isotopic activity ratios
Authors: Finkelstein Y.
Published: March 2022

Air sampling for radioxenon has been recommended as part of the verification system for a Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. Xenon isotopic activity ratios are used as a basis for confirming nuclear detonation, and discriminating between nuclear reactor accidental release and nuclear explosion. The primary purpose of this work is to use the available data on explosions, accidental reactor releases and laboratory experiments and simulations, in order to define the most probable scenarios for nuclear reactor accidental release, and for emission from underground nuclear detonations, to calculate the relevant radioxenon isotopic activity ratios in each scenario and to assess their use as event characterizing tools.
An accelerator–driven nuclear reactor
Authors: Shelaev L.A. , Baldin A. M. , Malakhov A. I. , Langrock E.–J.
Published: March 2022

The basic parameters of the accelerator facility for a proton beam of 100 mA and 1 GeV using a superconducting separate orbit cyclotron, are given. By means of such an accelerator system one can activate a subcritical 3 GW thermal power nuclear reactor of the well known RMBK–type 1000. The system is stable against any “Chernobyl–type” power excursion. When this accelerator system will be coupled to existing RMBK–type 1000 power stations, the resulting electricity production would become substantially more safe. Associated problems and design parameters are discussed.
High-energy neutron transport file for the 209Bi isotope
Authors: Pereslavtsev P. E.
Published: March 2022

The simulation of the nuclear processes, occurring in media irradiated with high-energy particles, promote the elaboration of high-energy transport files. These files being used in versatile computer codes, such as MCNP, allow to simulate with high accuracy particle transport. High-energy transport files are very important for the investigation of accelerator-driven systems. The detailed description of the methods and codes used for the elaboration of the file for 209 Bi is presented in this paper.
Radiological basis for the determination of exemption levels
Authors: Dymke N.
Published: March 2022

The Radiation Protection Ordinance implements a recommendation developed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection on terms of granting a practice to be carried out without reporting and prior authorisation, i. e. on conditions of exemption of justified practices from regulatory control. According to this recommendation, a practice may be exempted from regulatory control, if the radiological risk associated with the practice is, under normal conditions as well as in diverging situations, sufficiently low as not to warrant regulatory concern, and there are no reasonable control procedures that can achieve a significant reduction of the radiological risk. This article deals with the radiological criteria for the derivation of exemption values below which regulatory procedures are unwarranted, and goes into further subjects (design approval, consumer goods) for which the concept of exemption is applicable.
Derivation of the maximum permissible activity concentrations in waste water
Authors: Obrikat D.
Published: March 2022

In the present article, the formulas for calculation and the parameters and scenarios applied in the recalculation of the permitted activity concentrations for waste water from areas subject to radiation protection controls at the sites of those applying isotopes, performed on the basis of the amended version of the Radiation Protection Ordinance and Council Directive 96/29/Euratom, are discussed. The concentration values calculated for approximately 800 radionuclides are compiled in Table 4 in Appendix VII of the 2001 version of the Radiation Protection Ordinance. Modifications have been made by comparison with the values from the old version of the ordinance, due to the new dose coefficients and indications for dietary habits applied.
3D numerical investigation of natural circulation between the reactor pressure vessel and the cooling pond of a VVER-440 type reactor in incidental conditions during maintenance
Authors: Légrádi G. , Aszódi A.
Published: March 2022

During the annual maintenance of the VVER-440 type reactors, the reactor pressure vessel, the cooling pond and the transfer pond form a connected flow domain. The reactor is cooled by the natural circulation, which develops in one or two main loops. The cooling pond has its own cooling loops. CFD calculations have been performed with the code CFX-4.3 to investigate whether it is possible to cool the reactor core in case the main loops are lost and other emergency systems are not available. The results point out that the cooling system of the cooling pond is not capable of cooling the reactor core with the present connection. Therefore, modifications of the cooling system are investigated which would make it suitable for removing the remanent heat from the core.
Experimental and numerical investigation of sub-cooled boiling, condensation, and void flashing in nuclear heating reactor test loop
Authors: Yang X. , Jiang S. Y. , Zhang Y.
Published: March 2022

This paper describes experimental and numerical investigations of sub-cooled boiling, condensation, and void flashing in the HRTL-5 test loop, which simulates the primary loop of a 5 MW nuclear heating reactor. A drift-flow model of two-phase with four governing equations was used, in which sub-cooled boiling, condensation, and void flashing have been taken into account. Based on the mathematical model, a program has been developed for analyzing the natural circulation system. As parameters, inlet sub-cooling, system pressure, and heat flux are varied. For comparison, some simplified models, which are designed to reveal the importance of sub-cooled boiling, condensation, flashing in the HRTL-5 test loop, are adopted in the program. The results show: (1) sub-cooled boiling, condensation, and void flashing may have great influence on the distribution of the void fraction and more intense at low system pressure; (2) the calculation of them is correlative and interactive other than independent; (3) for a system with short heated section, long riser, and low pressure, it is possible to reach “boiling out of the core”, where there is almost no void in the heated section, but much in the riser.
Simulation of the gamma dose rate in a loss of pool water accident of the second Egyptian research reactor ET-RR-2
Authors: Amin E. , Saleh H. G. , Ashoub N.
Published: March 2022

The second Egyptian research reactor ET-RR-2, is a pool type reactor. A sudden loss of pool water would leave the core region uncovered. The reactor core is surrounded by chimney chambers with water isolated from the pool water. This accident would lead to significant external doses. A model is developed and used to calculate the dose rates for key access-areas and traffic plans from indirect line of sight of the core which have a maximum dose rate. The model developed uses the discrete ordinate method as implemented in the code DOT3.5.
Charge fragmentation in cosmic radiation – and the question of physical anomalons
Authors: Dutta A. , Batra V. , Biswas S. , Brandt R.
Published: March 2022

Data analysis is carried out for four detector stacks composed of passive Lexan polycarbonate detectors exposed in space by the Ultra Heavy Cosmic Ray Experiment on board NASA’s Long Duration Exposure Facility. Scanning and analysis of the 0.21 m2 detector area resulted in the finding of 72 ultra heavy (68 ≤ Z ≤ 96) cosmic ray nuclei. About 15% of the cosmic ray nuclei show charge fragmentation within the detector stack of 5.6 g × cm–2. A detailed analysis of these fragmented cosmic ray nuclei is presented, including a discussion within the context of “physical anomalons”. This last term, describing a sub-set of all anomalon phenomena, is defined in the text.
First record of a giant muntjac Muntiacus vuquangensis (Cervidae) from Cambodia
Authors: Pin Chanratana , Kamler Jan F. , Toem Yean , Lay Darith , Vorn Kongkea , Kim Nong , Macdonald David W.
Published: March 2022

The giant muntjac Muntiacus vuquangensis is a Critically Endangered ungulate that was first described by science in the early 1990s. The species’ current known distribution extends along the Annamite Mountains in Laos and Vietnam. Here, we report the first confirmed record of the giant muntjac in Cambodia. We recorded a camera-trap photograph of a male giant muntjac in Virachey National Park in northeastern Cambodia. Our record likely represents an isolated population near the western edge of the species’ distribution, about 300 km from the closest confirmed populations.
Patterns of genetic variation on wild pig (Sus scrofa) populations over a complete range of the species in Argentina
Authors: Figueroa Carlos Ezequiel , Acosta Diana Belén , Mac Allister Matias Exequiel , Merele Matías , Fernández Gabriela Paula , Carpinetti Bruno Nicolás , Winter Marina , Abate Sergio , Barandiaran Soledad , Merino Mariano Lisandro
Published: March 2022

In Argentina, wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are represented by wild boars and feral pigs. These populations inhabit a wide territory due to natural dispersion and human translocation. Previous studies in other countries have detected crossbreeding between the different morphotypes, even with domestic pigs. This crossing can lead to introgression of improved traits in the wild population, which would increase the invasive potential and, therefore, the damage to native ecosystems. The aim of this work was to obtain the patterns of genetic variability throughout its current distribution in Argentina, in order to elucidate genetic relationships between wild boar and feral pig populations through the molecular marker control region. For this purpose, studies of genetic variability and population structure were carried out using 377 sequences from Argentinian wild pigs. The high values of haplotype and nucleotide diversity (Hd = 0.866 and π = 0.00959) obtained, and the cluster analyses (SAMOVA and BAPS) could indicate mixing between wild pigs and/or with domestic pigs. The star-like shapes observed in the haplotype network and neutral tests (Fu’s Fs and Tajima’s D) are consistent with a recent population expansion, supporting previous reports that indicate crossbreeding increases invasive potential.
miR-22-5p regulates the self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells by targeting EZH2
Authors: Lv Wenqiang , Yu Mei , Su Yilin
Published: March 2022

MiRNAs play an important role in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the basic function of miR-22-5p in cryptorchidism. The results of RT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry showed that miR-22-5p was increased while EZH2 decreased in the testicular tissues of patients with cryptorchidism. Overexpression of miR-22-5p inhibited the proliferation of SSCs, increased cell apoptosis rate, and reduced expression of SSC marker proteins (GDNF and DAZL); however, knockout of miR-22-5p has the opposite effect. The Luciferase reporter gene assays demonstrated that EZH2 is a direct target of miR-22-5p. Moreover, EZH2 overexpression could reverse the effect of miR-22-5p mimic on SSCs’ proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of SSC marker proteins. Our results demonstrated that miR-22-5p regulates SSCs’ self-renewal by targeting EZH2, which indicated that miR-22-5p may serve as a biological marker for the treatment of infertility caused by cryptorchidism.
circ_0020123 promotes cell proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma via PDZD8
Authors: Wei Wei , Wang Changyong , Wang Lele , Zhang Jianfeng
Published: March 2022

High circ_0020123 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as previously reported. Whether circ_0020123 also plays an oncogenic role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still unknown. Additionally, circ_0020123 is derived from part of exon (1312–3851) from its host gene PDZ domain-containing protein 8 (PDZD8). We hypothesized that circ_0020123 might affect malignant behaviors of LUAD cells by regulating PDZD8. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that PDZD8 was highly expressed in LUAD tissues and cells. PDZD8 knockdown suppressed LUAD cell proliferation and migration as shown by colony formation assays, Ethynyl deoxyuridine incorporation assays, Transwell assays, and wound healing assays. circ_0020123 was also found to be upregulated in LUAD tissues and cells. Moreover, circ_0020123 positively regulated PDZD8 expression in LUAD cells but exerted no significant effect on the transcriptional level of PDZD8. Mechanistically, circ_0020123 act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to interact with miR-1283, thereby releasing the repression on PDZD8. Moreover, PDZD8 overexpression rescued the suppressive effect of circ_0020123 knockdown on LUAD cell proliferation and migration. In conclusion, circ_0020123 interacts with miR-1283 as a ceRNA to regulate PDZD8 expression, thus promoting the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells. The study might provide new biomarkers for future LUAD investigation.
Integrated ultra-high-performance graphene optical modulator
Authors: Heidari Elham , Dalir Hamed , Koushyar Farzad Mokhtari , Nouri Behrouz Movahhed , Patil Chandraman , Miscuglio Mario , Akinwande Deji , Sorger Volker J.
Published: March 2022

With the increasing need for large volumes of data processing, transport, and storage, optimizing the trade-off between high-speed and energy consumption in today’s optoelectronic devices is getting increasingly difficult. Heterogeneous material integration into silicon- and nitride-based photonics has showed high-speed promise, albeit at the expense of millimeter-to centimeter-scale footprints. The hunt for an electro-optic modulator that combines high speed, energy efficiency, and compactness to support high component density on-chip continues. Using a double-layer graphene optical modulator integrated on a Silicon photonics platform, we are able to achieve 60 GHz speed (3 dB roll-off), micrometer compactness, and efficiency of 2.25 fJ/bit in this paper. The electro-optic response is boosted further by a vertical distributed-Bragg-reflector cavity, which reduces the driving voltage by about 40 times while maintaining a sufficient modulation depth (5.2 dB/V). Modulators that are small, efficient, and quick allow high photonic chip density and performance, which is critical for signal processing, sensor platforms, and analog- and neuromorphic photonic processors.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-1,1′-(biphenyl-4,4′-diyl)bis(1H-imidazol)-κ2
N:N′)-bis(4-bromobenzoate-κ1
O)cobalt(II)], C32H22Br2CoN4O4
Authors: Zhuo Xin
Published: March 2022

C32H22Br2CoN4O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 4), a = 6.5529(11) Å, b = 24.375(4) Å, c = 18.379(3) Å, β = 97.491(3)°, V = 2910.6(8) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0404, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1268, T = 296(2) K.
Disinfecting activity of some diphenyltin(IV) benzoate derivative compounds
Authors: Hadi Sutopo , Suhartati Tati , Noviany Noviany , Pandiangan Kamisah D. , Yandri Yandri , Simanjuntak Wasinton , Junaidi Junaidi
Published: March 2022

Disinfecting activity test of four diphenyltin(IV) benzoate derivative compounds has been carried out. The four compounds investigated were diphenyltin (IV) di 4 aminobenzoate (DPDA) (2), diphenyltin (IV) di 4 chlorobenzoate (DPDC) (3), diphenyltin(IV) di-4-hydroxybenzoate (DPDH) (4), and diphenyltin(IV) di-4-nitrobenzoate (DPDN) (5), and they were prepared by reacting diphenyltin(IV) oxide (DPO) (1) with benzoic acid derivatives of 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-HABz), 4-chlorobenzoic acid (4-HCBz), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HHBz) and 4-nitrobenzoic acid (4-HNBz), respectively. The compounds were well characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR, UV spectroscopies, and their pieces were defined using microanalytical data. The disinfectant test was carried out on two bacteria, Gram-negative Salmonella sp., and Gram-positive Staphylococus aureus. The result showed that all of the compounds were active as a disinfectant (disinfecting agent) with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 5 × 10−4 M. Compound 5 was found to be most active compared to others which exhibited the ability to reduce the concentration of the S. aureus bacteria within 5 min.
Experimental determination of activation rate constant and equilibrium constant for bromo substituted succinimide initiators for an atom transfer radical polymerization process
Authors: Deoghare Chetana
Published: March 2022

Alkyl bromides are used as initiators in most of the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) process and play an important role for controlling the ATRP equilibrium. In this work, the effect of solvent on equilibrium constant of ATRP (K
ATRP) and rate constant of activation (k
act) of three isomeric alkyl bromides [namely, N-phenyl(3-bromo-3-methyl)succinimide, N-phenyl(3-bromo-4-methyl)succinimide, and N-phenyl(3-bromomethyl)succinimide] is reported. The k
act and K
ATRP values of alkyl bromide are determined experimentally using UV–Vis-NIR spectrometry. The termination rate constant for model compound is calculated using DOSY NMR spectroscopy. The k
act and K
ATRP values for the mentioned alkyl bromides are determined in five different polar solvent and the effect of polarity is observed. The obtained values of k
act and K
ATRP of N-phenyl(3-bromo-3-methyl)succinimide in acetonitrile at 25 °C is 6.60 × 10−2 L mol−1 s−1 and 1.42 × 10−9, respectively. These values are quite comparable with the experimentally determined reported k
act and K
ATRP of values of acrylates and benzyls initiators. Alternatively, the investigation of possible chain initiation activity for the ATRP process for the mentioned alkyl bromides is carried out theoretically using density functional theory (DFT) method [B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level]. A good correlation is obtained between the experimentally determined and theoretically calculated K
ATRP values of studied alkyl bromides in chosen solvents. Significantly, it is found that the values of k
act and K
ATRP of alkyl bromides is solvent dependent and the magnitude values of the k
act and K
ATRP increases with increasing the solvent polarity. The proposed bromo substituted succinimides can be used as the initiator for the polymerization of acrylates, benzyls, maleimides, and itaconimides monomer under the selected solvent system.
Synthesis of new horizons in benzothiazole scaffold and used in anticancer drug development
Authors: Karmakar Rajiv , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: March 2022

Benzothiazole scaffolds exhibit exciting medicinal properties including anticancer. In recent time most complicated job for every researcher is to discover a novel drug that can treat cancer with minimal side effects. Some heterocyclic anticancer drugs including daunorubicin, 5-flourouracil, doxorubicin, methotrexate, etc. are markedly available. In addition, few natural products such as vincristine alongwith vinblastine are used as anticancer drugs. More than 90% of the novel drugs bearing heterocyclic moieties have always been main portions in the development of anticancer drugs. Heterocyclic compounds containing benzothiazole moiety show a superior pharmaceutical effect than non-nitrogen compounds. These N-/S-containing benzothiazole compounds, the heart of drug discovery, present a significant and valuable group of molecules that play a chief and vital role in our living cells. This chapter recites the weightage of benzothiazole nuclei in the progress of anticancer drugs.
Lasting Legal Legacies: Early English Legal Ideas and Later Caselaw Development During the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Grajzl Peter , Murrell Peter
Published: March 2022

We explore English legal evolution by empirically investigating the relevance of late-medieval and early-modern legal ideas for caselaw development during the Industrial Revolution, an era of unprecedented societal change. To ascertain the prevalence of specific legal ideas in pre-1765 case reports, we draw on existing topic model estimates. We measure the relevance of those ideas for subsequent caselaw development using post-1764 citations to the pre-1765 cases. We show that deliberations on court cases heard between 1765 and 1870 systematically invoked a broad range of preexisting legal ideas. Strikingly, the strongest effects are exhibited by Coke-style analysis and precedent-based thought. A key legacy of early English caselaw therefore lay in bestowing modes of reasoning. The reason why a subset of preexisting legal ideas does not exert a detectable effect is that those ideas were generally no longer key to post-1764 legal disputes. Our approach to investigating legal development could be applied in many other contexts.
Predicting User Response Behaviour towards Social Media Advertising and e-WoM Antecedents
Authors: Rana Meghna , Arora Nilesh
Published: March 2022

The present research has been steered by the growing use of social media in every sphere of human interaction, including the marketing and advertising of brands. Hence, this research intends to develop and test a model of social media advertising with perceived ad personalization, ad incentivization, self-brand congruity, and social influence as major predictors for social media user’s attitude. Further, the study explores the influence of social networking sites involvement and social influence on electronic word of mouth intentions. The study also ascertains the impact of user attitude on e-WoM and further e-WoM on purchase intentions. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from 456 respondents. Two-step structural equation modelling was applied using AMOS 22.0 to analyse the data. The conceptual model is framed on the grounds of a theory of reasoned action and Elaboration likelihood model. The findings reveal that ad personalization, and social influence plays an important role in framing user attitude towards social media ads. Also, SNS involvement and social influence significantly influence the e-WoM intention of the user which further influences the social media user’s purchase intention. Subsequently, this research will give a prescient model to design an effective social media advertising programme in the social media advertising domain.
Peirce’s evolving interpretants
Authors: Schmidt Jon Alan
Published: March 2022

The semeiotic of Charles Sanders Peirce is irreducibly triadic, positing that a sign mediates between the object that determines it and the interpretant that it determines. He eventually holds that each sign has two objects and three interpretants, standardizing quickly on immediate and dynamical (or real) for the objects but experimenting with a variety of names for the interpretants. The two most prominent terminologies are immediate/dynamical/final and emotional/energetic/logical, and scholars have long debated how they are related to each other. This paper seeks to shed new light on the matter by reviewing the numerous manuscript drafts where Peirce develops the latter nomenclature while attempting to introduce his pragmatism to a general audience. It then goes on to examine an additional set of interpretants, intentional/effectual/communicational, and shows that the three different trichotomies can be understood as complementary, rather than redundant or conflicting.
Prevalence of pain in adult patients with moderate to severe haemophilia: a systematic review
Authors: Ransmann Pia , Krüger Steffen , Hilberg Thomas , Hagedorn Thorsten , Roussel Nathalie
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Patients with haemophilia (PwH) often suffer from joint pain due to repetitive haemarthroses and resulting arthropathy. Literature focuses so far on pain causes, diagnosis or treatment. A summary of prevalence rates, providing facts on the absolute occurrence of pain, is not sufficiently described so far. This review aimed to explore and systematically review different pain conditions, focussing on prevalence rates of pain in adult PwH.

Methods

A review of English articles using PubMed and Web of Science was conducted in February 2020. The search strategy included patients with haemophilia A or B suffering from pain. The articles were selected based on defined PICOS-selection criteria.

Results

Out of 606 identified articles, 13 studies matched the given eligibility criteria and indicated pain prevalence rates. The weighted mean (WM) for the prevalence rate (varying timeframes) for chronic pain was 40% whereas for point prevalence the rate was WM=75%. Regarding pain intensity, findings of the EQ-5D-3L revealed moderate pain to be more present (61.0%) compared to extreme (11.6%). The main problem was the inconsistency of the definition of both acute and chronic pain as well as for prevalence types.

Conclusions

Pain is a major problem in patients with haemophilia. Pain therapy should be carried out taking into account the difference between bleeding-related or arthropathy-related causes of pain. In addition, the intensity and duration of pain should be recorded consistently to better monitor therapy and allow comparison with existing data.
Laplacian spectrum of comaximal graph of the ring ℤ
n
Authors: Banerjee Subarsha
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we study the interplay between the structural and spectral properties of the comaximal graph

Γ

(

Z

n

)

\Gamma \left({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{n})

of the ring

Z

n

{{\mathbb{Z}}}_{n}

for

n
>
2

n\gt 2

. We first determine the structure of

Γ

(

Z

n

)

\Gamma \left({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{n})

and deduce some of its properties. We then use the structure of

Γ

(

Z

n

)

\Gamma \left({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{n})

to deduce the Laplacian eigenvalues of

Γ

(

Z

n

)

\Gamma \left({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{n})

for various

n

n

. We show that

Γ

(

Z

n

)

\Gamma \left({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{n})

is Laplacian integral for

n
=

p

α

q

β

n={p}^{\alpha }{q}^{\beta }

, where

p
,
q

p,q

are primes and

α
,
β

\alpha ,\beta

are non-negative integers and hence calculate the number of spanning trees of

Γ

(

Z

n

)

\Gamma \left({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{n})

for

n
=

p

α

q

β

n={p}^{\alpha }{q}^{\beta }

. The algebraic and vertex connectivity of

Γ

(

Z

n

)

\Gamma \left({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{n})

have been shown to be equal for all

n

n

. An upper bound on the second largest Laplacian eigenvalue of

Γ

(

Z

n

)

\Gamma \left({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{n})

has been obtained, and a necessary and sufficient condition for its equality has also been determined. Finally, we discuss the multiplicity of the Laplacian spectral radius and the multiplicity of the algebraic connectivity of

Γ

(

Z

n

)

\Gamma \left({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{n})

. We then investigate some properties and vertex connectivity of an induced subgraph of

Γ

(

Z

n

)

\Gamma \left({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{n})

. Some problems have been discussed at the end of this paper for further research.
The digital transformation and novel calibration approaches
Authors: Kok Gertjan
Published: March 2022

In this paper we describe how the digital transformation (i. e., the adoption of digital technology) of society affects National Metrology Institutes like VSL.

The presented ideas represent the personal viewpoint of the author, who works at the Dutch national metrology institute VSL. They don’t necessarily correspond to the vision of VSL as institute.

This digital transformation has many different aspects of social, economic and technical nature. In this paper we will mainly focus on some mathematical and statistical aspects which are important for modelling measurement instruments and analyzing measurement data. We will discuss how modern techniques like artificial intelligence, digital twins, digital calibration certificates and the introduction of the new definition of the SI system of units affect national metrology institutes. Important changes are the usage of complex algorithms and models in measurement instruments, as well as the introduction of novel calibration approaches and the digitalization of the services provided by NMIs.
Resisting (through) the Elements of Race: A Fugitive Humanist Reading of Colson Whitehead’sThe Underground Railroad
Authors: Klestil Matthias
Published: March 2022

Colson Whitehead’sThe Underground Railroad(2016) offers a meditation on elemental matter and its intersections with slavery, race, and resistance to racialization. Combining Lindgren Johnson’s concept of a fugitive humanism with elemental analysis for a reading of Whitehead’s sixth novel, the article proceeds in three steps. First, I briefly outline ways in which an elemental focus may connect with African American (Studies) perspectives, in particular Johnson’s fugitive humanism. Subsequently, my discussion explores the novel’s representation of an elemental biopolitics of slavery that involves what I identify as three elements of race. Whitehead presents the peculiar institution’s harnessing of these elements of fire, metal(s), and cotton as interconnected processes that not only help extract African American labor power and energy, but also racialize categories of the human. Finally, I focus on fugitive humanist forms of resisting to and through the elements. In this respect, the novel highlights through its protagonist how resistance strategies involve not only an ultimately uncontrollable elemental vitality, but also new forms of labor in which the human and the elemental emerge as co-agents.
Surfacing Ecological Disaster:Poets for Living Watersand the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Authors: Pinnix Aaron
Published: March 2022

Considering the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Spill, the largest environmental disaster in American history, this article examines the elemental intermixing of oil and water via the chemical agent Corexit, the substantial effects submerging oil into the water column had on ocean life, and the aesthetic translation of this environmental destruction by the poetry platformPoets for Living Waters. Functioning as a communal expression of grief, of remembrance, and a demand for change,Poets for Living Watersbrings together the work of hundreds of authors, figuratively raising oil’s toxic specter to the surface by challenging America’s failure to protect ocean ecosystems through an elementally-attentive poetics that highlights the characteristic traits of both water and oil and the deadly effects that occur when these two elements intermix.
Building semantic maps for closely related languages: Words for ‘grain’ and their kin in South Mande
Authors: Nikitina Tatiana
Published: March 2022

This study is an exercise in micro-scale comparison based on the semantic map approach. A semantic map is constructed for meanings associated with the word for ‘grain’ in four closely related South Mande languages: Dan Blowo, Tura, Mwan, and Wan. Although non-cognate, the words show remarkable similarity in their range of meanings, suggesting that newly introduced words are associated with the same networks of meanings as the words they come to replace. Differences between the languages boil down to the unavailability or reduced productivity of particular uses in one or two of the languages (Wan and to some extent Mwan). The original network is shown to have become significantly reduced in Wan, and to a lesser extent in Mwan.

A major challenge in micro-comparison is due to the small sample size and the idiosyncratic nature of some of the semantic relationships, which together make it hard to explore the network’s internal structure. Language-internal evidence can occasionally be used to compensate for the missing evidence from large-scale typological sampling. Overall, the approach proves promising for research on the history of closely related languages and has the potential to help lexicographers and fieldworkers identify possible gaps in lexical descriptions.
Local structure and electron density distribution analysis of tin(II) sulfide using pair distribution function and maximum entropy method
Authors: Robert Muthaian Charles , Pavithra Nagaraj , Saravanan Ramachandran , Saravanakumar Subramanian
Published: March 2022

Tin(II) sulfide (SnS) is a low symmetric orthorhombic double-layered dual bandgap semiconductor. It is low cost, toxic-free and highly abundant on Earth, with multifunctional optical, electronic, magnetic and light conversion applications when doped adequately with impurity. These physical properties can be understood only by the complete understanding of microstructural properties like average structure, electron density distribution inside the unit cell, bonding nature and local structure. In this work, the average and local structure, along with the electron density distribution of a nano crystallite sized single-phase sample of tin(II) sulfide is elucidated with the help of precise X-ray intensity data. The average structural information was extracted using Rietveld refinement analysis and the visual mapping of 3D, 2D and 1D electron density distribution inside the unit cell and its numerical contribution using maximum entropy method (MEM). The bonding between the first inter and intra bonding between Sn and S atoms is 2.65,105 Å and 3.2689 Å with mid bond electron density 0.907 e/Å3 and 0.1688 e/Å3 respectively. The inter-atomic correlations of 1st, 2nd and 3rd nearest neighbour atoms, their bond length, and the crystallite size are reported from pair distribution function (PDF) analysis using low Q-XRD data (Q ∼ 6.5 Å−1). The PDF analysis shows that the first and second nearest Sn–S bonding distance is 2.6064 Å and 3.4402 Å, first is between the Sn and S atoms of the same layer and the other between the Sn and S atoms of the adjacent layers respectively.
An unusual member of the solid solution series between cristobalite and potassium ferrate(III) obtained from hydroflux
Authors: Albrecht Ralf , Ruck Michael
Published: March 2022

Dark octahedral crystals of K1−x
[Fe1−x
Si
x
O2] with x ≈ 0.2 were synthesized under ultra-alkaline conditions in a KOH hydroflux at 200 °C. The compound is a member of the solid solution series between SiO2 and K[FeO2]. Due to its SiO2 content, K0.8[Fe0.8Si0.2O2] is much less sensitive to moisture than K[FeO2]. The crystal structure is a stuffed cristobalite with a charged framework of vertex-sharing [MO4/2] tetrahedra (M = Fe3+, Si4+) and potassium counter ions in the large voids of the framework. It has the pseudo-symmetry and metrics of the cubic space group

F
d

3
‾

m

$Fd\overline{3}m$

, but adopts the tetragonal space group I41
md with four formula units in the cell. Unlike other tectosilicates of this type, the [MO4/2]− tetrahedra are not regular but distorted to disphenoids. The O atom can be modeled by a huge disk-shaped ellipsoid or, better, by split atom positions forming a six-membered ring with a diameter of 1.1 Å. The M–O distances range from 1.66(2) to 1.96(2) Å, the M–O–M angles are 135(2)°, 137(1)°, and 151(1)°.
Bioactive secondary metabolites from Trichoderma viride MM21: structure elucidation, molecular docking and biological activity
Authors: Shaaban Mohamed , Nasr Hamdi , Mohamed Tahia K. , Mahmoud Samy F. , El-Metwally Mohammad M. , Abdelwahab Ahmed B.
Published: March 2022

Four bioactive metabolites; ergosterol (1), peroxy ergosterol (2), α-cyclopiazonic acid (3) and kojic acid (4), were isolated from the fungal sp. Trichoderma viride MM21. Their structures were assigned by cumulative analysis of NMR and mass spectra, and comparison with literature. The antimicrobial activity of the fungus supernatant, mycelial cake, cumulative crude extract and compounds 1–4 was broadly studied against 11 diverse pathogens, revealing auspicious activity results. Based on the molecular docking, ergosterol (1) and peroxy ergosterol (2) were picked up to be computationally tested against topoisomerase IV of Staphylococcus aureus. The nominated enzyme is a possible target for the antibacterial activity of triterpenoidal/steroidal compounds. Compounds 1, 2 showed a deep inserting inside the enzyme groove recording a good binding affinity of −8.1 and −8.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Noteworthy that the antibacterial activity of ergosterol was higher (14–17 mm) than peroxy ergosterol (11–14 mm), although ergosterol formed only one hydrogen bond with the target, while peroxy ergosterol formed three hydrogen bonds. Such higher antibacterial activity of ergosterol may be attributed to its interference with other proteins included in this inhibition. The cytotoxic activity was tested against brine shrimp, revealing 100% mortality for the supernatant, crude extract and whole isolated compounds. Such strong cytotoxicity is attributed most likely to the abundant productivity/concentration of α-cyclopiazonic acid and kojic acid.
Lower Risk of Recurrence with a Higher Induction Dose of Mesalazine and Longer Duration of Treatment in Ulcerative Colitis: Results from the Dutch, Non-Interventional, IMPACT Study
Authors: West Rachel , Russel Maurice , Bodelier Alexander , Kuijvenhoven Johan , Bruin Karlien , Jansen Jeroen , Van der Meulen Andrea , Keulen Eric , Wolters Leonieke , Ouwendijk Robert , Bezemer Geert , Koussoulas Vassilis , Tang Thjon , Van Dobbenburgh Aart , Van Nistelrooy Marianne , Minderhoud Itta , Vandebosch Sigrid , Lubbinge Hans
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims: The dose and duration of mesalazine treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC) is a potentially important determinant of effectiveness, with evidence suggesting that continuing the induction dose for 6-12 months may improve outcomes; however, real-world data are lacking. We assessed mesalazine use in Dutch clinical practice, including how differences in dose and duration affected UC outcomes.

Methods: Adults with mild-to-moderate UC who received oral prolonged-release mesalazine de novo or had a dose escalation for an active episode were followed for 12 months in this non-interventional study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02261636). The primary endpoint was time from start of treatment to dose reduction (TDR). Secondary endpoints included recurrence rate, adherence, and work productivity.

Results: In total, 151 patients were enrolled, of whom 108 (71.5%) were newly diagnosed with UC. The majority (120; 79.5%) received a dose of ≥4 g/day. Nearly one-third (48; 31.8%) underwent dose reduction, with mean TDR being 8.3 months. Disease extent and endoscopic appearance did not influence duration of induction therapy, while TDR increased with higher baseline UCDAI scores. TDR was longer in patients without (mean 8.8 months) than with (4.1 months) recurrence, although not significantly (p=0.09). Patients on ≥4 g/day had a significantly lower chance of recurrence versus those on 2-<4 g/day (26.6% vs 62.5%, respectively; p=0.04). Longer treatment duration was associated with significantly reduced recurrence risk [hazard ratio >6 months vs 3-6 months: 0.19 (95%CI: 0.08-0.46); p<0.05], particularly for those on ≥4 g/day [0.15 (0.06-0.40) vs 0.26 (0.01-11.9) for 2-<4 g/day). Patients reported significantly increased work productivity, which was maintained throughout follow-up.

Conclusions: Mesalazine was effective induction therapy, with treatment duration not meaningfully influenced by disease extent and endoscopic appearance at initiation. A higher induction dose of oral mesalazine (≥4 g/day) and longer duration of treatment (>6 months) was associated with a lower recurrence risk.
Probiotics in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Adulthood: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lorentz Axel , Müller Leonie
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) characterized by chronic uncontrolled inflammation with an increasing prevalence in western countries. Standard medications are often associated with adverse side effects. Thus, alternative therapies such as probiotic treatment are of great interest. We aimed to review the effect of probiotics in IBD patients.Methods: A systematic search strategy was carried out in PubMed in June 2021 and 22 studies published from 1997 to 2019 were included; they analyzed the influence of probiotics in adult IBD patients both in active and inactive stage of disease.Results: Probiotic treatment in CD patients had no effect in 6 of 7 studies. Only in one study a positive effect of an adjunctive probiotic treatment next to standard treatment in CD patients was reported. In patients with active UC, a combination of standard treatment with probiotics resulted in improvement of the disease in 5 of 9 studies. Three of 7 studies among UC patients in remission demonstrated that probiotic treatment could be as effective as standard treatment. No clear evidence was found in studies comparing probiotics to placebo in inactive UC patients with ongoing standard medication.Conclusion: There is no clear evidence of the benefit of probiotic treatment in CD patients. In contrast, combining standard treatment with probiotics might be an option to achieve remission in active UC patients.
Neurological Manifestations and Psychiatric Disorders in the Course of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Serek Patrycja , Swiatek Agnieszka , Dudek Patrycja , Fabisiak Adam , Talar-Wojnarowska Renata
Published: March 2022

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by cumbersome symptoms with varying severity. However, regardless of the intensity of disease activity the patients may experience extraintestinal manifestations which further deteriorate the patients’ quality of life. According to the literature, nearly half of the patients with IBD will develop at least one extraintestinal manifestation in their lifespan. Apart from the most common and often well-surveilled such as articular, ocular, dermatologic or hepatic entities, the neurological and psychiatric ones are often disregarded or not sought. We reviewed the latest literature on the most frequent disorders occurring in patients with IBD covering these two fields.