bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strangers in care: using literature to re-theorise care for the oldest old
Authors: Dahl Hanne Marlene
Published: January 2021

Regulated fragmentation organises care of the vulnerable older people into elements provided by the caring family, professionals, care workers from public/private providers and volunteers. In this exploratory article, I consider the role of the stranger in modern care management, a role that has up to now been neglected or been understood largely in terms of a migrant worker. Using literature, applying discourse analysis and drawing upon Simmel and Kristeva, I outline dimensions of the stranger and the unfamiliar that can further research and policy considerations.
Temporal cavity solitons in a laser-based microcomb: a path to a self-starting pulsed laser without saturable absorption
Authors: Cutrona Antonio , Hanzard Pierre-Henry , Rowley Maxwell , Totero-Gongora Juan Sebastian , Peccianti Marco , Malomed Boris A. , Oppo Gian-Luca , Pasquazi Alessia
Published: January 2021

We theoretically present a design of self-starting operation of microcombs based on laser-cavity solitons in a system composed of a micro-resonator nested in and coupled to an amplifying laser cavity. We demonstrate that it is possible to engineer the modulational-instability gain of the system’s zero state to allow the start-up with a well-defined number of robust solitons. The approach can be implemented by using the system parameters, such as the cavity length mismatch and the gain shape, to control the number and repetition rate of the generated solitons. Because the setting does not require saturation of the gain, the results offer an alternative to standard techniques that provide laser mode-locking.
Enhanced performance of high Al-content AlGaN MSM photodetectors by electrode modification using hexadecanethiol
Authors: Li Yuhang , Liu Yushen , Yang Guofeng , Bian Baoan , Wang Jin , Gu Yan , Fan Qigao , Ding Yu , Zhang Xiumei , Lu Naiyan , Chen Guoqing
Published: January 2021

A metal electrode modification process for AlGaN-based metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors have been introduced to enhance the response of solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) light detection. The hexadecanethiol organic molecules are chemically adsorbed on the electrodes of high-Al-content Al0.6Ga0.4N MSM solar-blind UV photodetectors, which can reduce the work function of the metal electrode and change the height of the Schottky barrier. This modification process significantly increases the photocurrent and responsivity of the device compared with the referential photodetector without modification. Additionally, the adverse effects caused by the surface state and polarization of the AlGaN materials are effectively reduced, which can be beneficial for improving the electrical performances of III-nitride-based UV photodetectors.
Real-time phase-retrieval and wavefront sensing enabled by an artificial neural network
Authors: White Jonathon , Wang Sici , Eschen Wilhelm , Rothhardt Jan
Published: January 2021

In this manuscript we demonstrate a method to reconstruct the wavefront of focused beams from a measured diffraction pattern behind a diffracting mask in real-time. The phase problem is solved by means of a neural network, which is trained with simulated data and verified with experimental data. The neural network allows live reconstructions within a few milliseconds, which previously with iterative phase retrieval took several seconds, thus allowing the adjustment of complex systems and correction by adaptive optics in real time. The neural network additionally outperforms iterative phase retrieval with high noise diffraction patterns.
Effect of light source distance on apparent gloss unevenness
Authors: Inoue Shinichi , Tsumura Norimichi
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we numerically analyze the effect of light source distance on the appearance of gloss unevenness. It is important to measure gloss unevenness because it affects the texture and appearance of a product. We propose a more efficient technique for measuring gloss unevenness. The experimental results for the proposed apparatus in this study are in good agreement with our theoretical analysis. We show that the appearance of the captured gloss unevenness image changes depending on the effect of light source distance. As an application of this gloss unevenness observation technology, we also report on the detection of scratches and coating unevenness in industrial quality control.
REDCRAFT: A computational platform using residual dipolar coupling NMR data for determining structures of perdeuterated proteins in solution
Authors: Cole Casey A. , Daigham Nourhan S. , Liu Gaohua , Montelione Gaetano T. , Valafar Homayoun
Published: February 2021

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the three primary experimental means of characterizing macromolecular structures, including protein structures. Structure determination by solution NMR spectroscopy has traditionally relied heavily on distance restraints derived from nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) measurements. While structure determination of proteins from NOE-based restraints is well understood and broadly used, structure determination from Residual Dipolar Couplings (RDCs) is relatively less well developed. Here, we describe the new features of the protein structure modeling program REDCRAFT and focus on the new Adaptive Decimation (AD) feature. The AD plays a critical role in improving the robustness of REDCRAFT to missing or noisy data, while allowing structure determination of larger proteins from less data. In this report we demonstrate the successful application of REDCRAFT in structure determination of proteins ranging in size from 50 to 145 residues using experimentally collected data, and of larger proteins (145 to 573 residues) using simulated RDC data. In both cases, REDCRAFT uses only RDC data that can be collected from perdeuterated proteins. Finally, we compare the accuracy of structure determination from RDCs alone with traditional NOE-based methods for the structurally novel PF.2048.1 protein. The RDC-based structure of PF.2048.1 exhibited 1.0 Å BB-RMSD with respect to a high-quality NOE-based structure. Although optimal strategies would include using RDC data together with chemical shift, NOE, and other NMR data, these studies provide proof-of-principle for robust structure determination of largely-perdeuterated proteins from RDC data alone using REDCRAFT.
Factors influencing estimates of HIV-1 infection timing using BEAST
Authors: Dearlove Bethany , Tovanabutra Sodsai , Owen Christopher L. , Lewitus Eric , Li Yifan , Sanders-Buell Eric , Bose Meera , O’Sullivan Anne-Marie , Kijak Gustavo , Miller Shana , Poltavee Kultida , Lee Jenica , Bonar Lydia , Harbolick Elizabeth , Ahani Bahar , Pham Phuc , Kibuuka Hannah , Maganga Lucas , Nitayaphan Sorachai , Sawe Fred K. , Kim Jerome H. , Eller Leigh Anne , Vasan Sandhya , Gramzinski Robert , Michael Nelson L. , Robb Merlin L. , Rolland Morgane ,   the RV217 Study Team
Published: February 2021

While large datasets of HIV-1 sequences are increasingly being generated, many studies rely on a single gene or fragment of the genome and few comparative studies across genes have been done. We performed genome-based and gene-specific Bayesian phylogenetic analyses to investigate how certain factors impact estimates of the infection dates in an acute HIV-1 infection cohort, RV217. In this cohort, HIV-1 diagnosis corresponded to the first RNA positive test and occurred a median of four days after the last negative test, allowing us to compare timing estimates using BEAST to a narrow window of infection. We analyzed HIV-1 sequences sampled one week, one month and six months after HIV-1 diagnosis in 39 individuals. We found that shared diversity and temporal signal was limited in acute infection, and insufficient to allow timing inferences in the shortest HIV-1 genes, thus dated phylogenies were primarily analyzed forenv,gag,poland near full-length genomes. There was no one best-fitting model across participants and genes, though relaxed molecular clocks (73% of best-fitting models) and the Bayesian skyline (49%) tended to be favored. For infections with single founders, the infection date was estimated to be around one week pre-diagnosis forenv(IQR: 3–9 days) andgag(IQR: 5–9 days), whilst the genome placed it at a median of 10 days (IQR: 4–19). Multiply-founded infections proved problematic to date. Our ability to compare timing inferences to precise estimates of HIV-1 infection (within a week) highlights that molecular dating methods can be applied to within-host datasets from early infection. Nonetheless, our results also suggest caution when using uniform clock and population models or short genes with limited information content.
Directed attenuation to enhance vaccine immunity
Authors: Antia Rustom , Ahmed Hasan , Bull James J.
Published: February 2021

Many viral infections can be prevented by immunizing with live, attenuated vaccines. Early methods of attenuation were hit-and-miss, now much improved by genetic engineering. However, even current methods operate on the principle of genetic harm, reducing the virus’s ability to grow. Reduced viral growth has the undesired side-effect of reducing the host immune response below that of infection with wild-type. Might some methods of attenuation instead lead to an increased immune response? We use mathematical models of the dynamics of virus with innate and adaptive immunity to explore the tradeoff between attenuation of virus pathology and immunity. We find that modification of some virus immune-evasion pathways can indeed reduce pathology yet enhance immunity. Thus, attenuated vaccines can, in principle, be directed to be safe yet create better immunity than is elicited by the wild-type virus.
Acetyltransferase Enok regulates transposon silencing and piRNA cluster transcription
Authors: Tsai Shih-Ying , Huang Fu
Published: February 2021

The piRNA pathway is a highly conserved mechanism to repress transposon activation in the germline in Drosophila and mammals. This pathway starts from transcribing piRNA clusters to generate long piRNA precursors. The majority of piRNA clusters lack conventional promoters, and utilize heterochromatin- and HP1D/Rhino-dependent noncanonical mechanisms for transcription. However, information regarding the transcriptional regulation of piRNA clusters is limited. Here, we report that the Drosophila acetyltransferase Enok, which can activate transcription by acetylating H3K23, is critical for piRNA production from 54% of piRNA clusters including 42AB, the major piRNA source. Surprisingly, we found that Enok not only promotes rhino expression by acetylating H3K23, but also directly enhances transcription of piRNA clusters by facilitating Rhino recruitment. Taken together, our study provides novel insights into the regulation of noncanonical transcription at piRNA clusters and transposon silencing.
High incidence of human brucellosis in a rural Pastoralist community in Kenya, 2015
Authors: Munyua Peninah , Osoro Eric , Hunsperger Elizabeth , Ngere Isaac , Muturi Mathew , Mwatondo Athman , Marwanga Doris , Ngere Philip , Tiller Rebekah , Onyango Clayton O. , Njenga Kariuki , Widdowson Marc-Alain
Published: February 2021

Background

Brucellosis occurs globally with highly variable incidence in humans from very low in North America and Western Europe to high in the Middle East and Asia. There are few data in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study estimated the incidence of human brucellosis in a pastoralist community in Kenya.

Methods

Between February 2015 and January 2016, we enrolled persons living in randomly selected households in Kajiado County. Free health care was offered at three facilities in the study area. Those who met the study clinical case definition completed a standardized questionnaire on demographics, clinical history and presentation. A blood sample was collected and tested by Rose Bengal test (RBT), then later tested at the Kenya Medical Research Institute laboratory forBrucellaIgG and IgM by ELISA. Those who tested positive by both RBT and ELISA (IgG or IgM antibodies) were classified as confirmed while those that only tested positive for IgG or IgM antibodies were classified as probable. Further, sera were tested by polymerase chain reaction using a TaqMan Array Card (TAC) for a panel of pathogens causing AFI includingBrucella spp. Annual incidence of brucellosis was calculated as the number of confirmed cases in one year/total number in the study population.

Results

We enrolled a cohort of 4746 persons in 804 households. Over half (52.3%) were males and the median age was 18 years (Interquartile range (IQR) 9 months– 32 years). A total of 236 patients were enrolled at three health facilities; 64% were females and the median age was 40.5 years (IQR 28–53 years). Thirty-nine (16.5%) were positive forBrucellaantibodies by IgG ELISA, 5/236 (2.1%) by IgM ELISA and 4/236 (1.7%) by RBT. Ten percent (22/217) were positive by TAC. We confirmed four (1.7%) brucellosis cases giving an annual incidence of 84/100,000 persons/year (95% CI 82, 87). The incidence did not significantly vary by gender, age and location of residence.

Conclusion

We report a high incidence of brucellosis in humans among members of this pastoralist community. Brucellosis was the most common cause of febrile illness in this community.
Investor attention and cryptocurrency: Evidence from the Bitcoin market
Authors: Zhu Panpan , Zhang Xing , Wu You , Zheng Hao , Zhang Yinpeng
Published: February 2021

This paper adds to the growing literature of cryptocurrency and behavioral finance. Specifically, we investigate the relationships between the novel investor attention and financial characteristics of Bitcoin, i.e., return and realized volatility, which are the two most important characteristics of one certain asset. Our empirical results show supports in the behavior finance area and argue that investor attention is the granger cause to changes in Bitcoin market both in return and realized volatility. Moreover, we make in-depth investigations by exploring the linear and non-linear connections of investor attention on Bitcoin. The results indeed demonstrate that investor attention shows sophisticated impacts on return and realized volatility of Bitcoin. Furthermore, we conduct one basic and several long horizons out-of-sample forecasts to explore the predictive ability of investor attention. The results show that compared with the traditional historical average benchmark model in forecasting technologies, investor attention improves prediction accuracy in Bitcoin return. Finally, we build economic portfolios based on investor attention and argue that investor attention can further generate significant economic values. To sum up, investor attention is a non-negligible pricing factor for Bitcoin asset.
Maternal schistosomiasis impairs offspring Interleukin-4 production and B cell expansion
Authors: Cortés-Selva Diana , Gibbs Lisa , Ready Andrew , Ekiz H. Atakan , O’Connell Ryan , Rajwa Bartek , Fairfax Keke C.
Published: February 2021

Epidemiological studies have identified a correlation between maternal helminth infections and reduced immunity to some early childhood vaccinations, but the cellular basis for this is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of maternalSchistosoma mansoniinfection on steady-state offspring immunity, as well as immunity induced by a commercial tetanus/diphtheria vaccine using a dual IL-4 reporter mouse model of maternal schistosomiasis. We demonstrate that offspring born toS.mansoniinfected mothers have reduced circulating plasma cells and peripheral lymph node follicular dendritic cells at steady state. These reductions correlate with reduced production of IL-4 by iNKT cells, the cellular source of IL-4 in the peripheral lymph node during early life. These defects in follicular dendritic cells and IL-4 production were maintained long-term with reduced secretion of IL-4 in the germinal center and reduced generation of TFH, memory B, and memory T cells in response to immunization with tetanus/diphtheria. Using single-cell RNASeq following tetanus/diphtheria immunization of offspring, we identified a defect in cell-cycle and cell-proliferation pathways in addition to a reduction in Ebf-1, a key B-cell transcription factor, in the majority of follicular B cells. These reductions are dependent on the presence of egg antigens in the mother, as offspring born to single-sex infected mothers do not have these transcriptional defects. These data indicate that maternal schistosomiasis leads to long-term defects in antigen-induced cellular immunity, and for the first time provide key mechanistic insight into the factors regulating reduced immunity in offspring born toS.mansoniinfected mothers.
ASC-dependent inflammasomes contribute to immunopathology and mortality in herpes simplex encephalitis
Authors: Hayes Cooper K. , Wilcox Douglas R. , Yang Yuchen , Coleman Grace K. , Brown Melissa A. , Longnecker Richard
Published: February 2021

Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) is the most common cause of sporadic viral encephalitis, and despite targeted antiviral therapy, outcomes remain poor. Although the innate immune system is critical for restricting herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) in the brain, there is evidence that prolonged neuroinflammation contributes to HSE pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the contribution of inflammasomes to disease pathogenesis in a murine model of HSE. Inflammasomes are signaling platforms that activate the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. We found that mice deficient in the inflammasome adaptor protein, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), had significantly improved survival and lower levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the brain. Importantly, this difference in survival was independent of viral replication in the central nervous system (CNS). We found that microglia, the resident macrophages of the CNS, are the primary mediators of the ASC-dependent inflammasome response during infection. Using in vitro glial infections and a murine HSE model, we demonstrate that inflammasome activation contributes to the expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6), a leukocyte chemoattractant. The lower concentration of CCL6 in the brains of ASC-/- mice correlated with lower numbers of infiltrating macrophages during infection. Together, these data suggest that inflammasomes contribute to pathogenic inflammation in HSE and provide a mechanistic link between glial inflammasome activation and leukocyte infiltration. The contribution of inflammasomes to survival was independent of viral replication in our study, suggesting a promising new target in combating harmful inflammation in HSE.
Migrant autonomy and wilfulness amidst the onslaught of the Covid-19 pandemic at the Tijuana border
Authors: Irwin Robert McKee , Del Monte Juan Antonio
Published: January 2021

When the Covid-19 pandemic hit the United States and Mexico in March 2020, both the pandemic itself and the measures taken to contain its spread produced potentially devastating effects on the lives of migrants in Tijuana. Qualitative data from interviews with eight Honduran migrants sheltering in place in Tijuana reveal the fragility of the city’s network of migrant service providers in the context of a border closed to non-essential movement, and ensuing repercussions for the migrants that they serve. However, beyond questions of access to basic necessities such as food, shelter and health services; protection from criminal violence; or complications to legal processes and visa status, the data provided by these eight migrants offer insights regarding migrant autonomy: aside from the undeniable frustration evoked by the pandemic and the measures taken to control it, migrants also exhibit a persistence and inventiveness seen in their willingness to wait, their resolve to maintain their projects of migration, a shift in their attention from the future to the present, their general resourcefulness in problem solving, and a hidden agenda of humour that functions as a subtle form of resistance. Together our observations show that in spite of appearing to be trapped, with hopes thwarted, migrants continue to be social agents, and continue to represent a wilful social force in Tijuana.
Kinotextuality in Matt Huynh’s The Boat
Authors: Lehman Mike
Published: January 2021

Matt Huynh’s The Boat (2015), an interactive digital adaptation of Nam Le’s short story of the same name (2008), follows the story of a young Vietnamese boat migrant to explore the dilemma of belonging in migrant and refugee flight. While Le’s text details narratives of refugee flight, Huynh’s multimodal rendition translates the narrative of boat migration into an interactive, multisensory aesthetic mode that simulates the experience of boat passage on the ocean as well as the online viewer’s sense of a boat approaching national shores. In this article, I develop the concept of kinotextuality, an aesthetics of movement that renders the border generative and creative. I demonstrate that the literary imagination offers a conception of the border not merely as the limited space of the nation but as a space for reimagining the idea of human rights and protection.
Return migration, failed reintegration and tragedy in Achebe’s Things Fall Apart
Authors: Ukwueze Ogochukwu , Okey-Agbo Jacinta Ndidi
Published: January 2021

Do affluence and skilfulness render a returnee immune to reintegration challenges? Beyond psychosocial support, would a wealthy returnee need any other form of assistance for a sustainable reintegration? Drawing upon theoretical ideas from the field of return migration, this study considers reintegration as a key issue for all returnees, irrespective of financial status, class or skilfulness, the failure of which is a disastrous end. This end explains the tragedy of Things Fall Apart, which is also reinvestigated here, and it is argued that the novel is simultaneously tragic and comic. The focus is on the possible failure of reintegration of a financially stable returnee. For this study, although tragedy inheres in whom one is, tragedy in the novel under consideration is attributive to the failed reintegration of the tragic character, despite his affluence, status or skills.
Cultural artefacts and the ‘migration crisis’: Disruptive materialities in works by Navid Kermani and Maxi Obexer
Authors: Zimmermann Sabine
Published: January 2021

Amplified worldwide fragility and growing mobility have contributed to increased forced migration towards Europe. However, Europe’s present focus on border protection has furthered the ‘migrant crisis’ which is very much a crisis of response. News about the ‘migrant crisis’ continues to dominate political discourse in Europe and elsewhere. The discussions typically focus on Europe’s supposed solutions in the form of increased border security, new political agreements, and various forms of humanitarian aid. This article reviews four literary texts about Europe’s responses to forced migration and proposes that the literary treatment of various cultural artefacts employed in these texts critiques Europe’s current restrictionism. Two speeches by Navid Kermani, ‘Towards Europe’ and ‘On the sixty-fifth Anniversary of the Promulgation of the German Constitution’ and two novels by Maxi Obexer, Wenn gefährliche Hunde lachen (‘When dangerous dogs laugh’) and Europas längster Sommer (‘Europe’s longest summer’) make reference to several phenomenal objects and also to gestures. In and of themselves, these cultural artefacts such as beds, blankets, buses, lipsticks, T-shirts, shoes, and even the gestures of kneeling and bowing, may not possess anything disruptive. However, there is an unruly quality about them that puts a spotlight on the precarity of survival migrants who cannot access the European asylum process.
Chemical composition and antioxidant content of Thymus vulgaris honey and Origanum vulgare essential oil; their effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity
Authors: Imtara Hamada , Al-Waili Noori , Aboulghazi Abderrazak , Abdellaoui Abdelfattah , Al-Waili Thia , Lyoussi Badiaa
Published: January 2021

Aim: The study investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant content, and antioxidant activity of Thymus vulgaris honey (TVH) and Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) and their mixture effect on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity.

Materials and Methods: The study conducted physicochemical characterization and chemical analysis of TVH and OVEO with the use of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). The antioxidant activity of TVH and OVEO was done with the use of 1,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The study used nine groups of rats to investigate the effect of TVH, OVEO, and a mixture of TVH and OVEO (HEM) on CCl4-induced toxicity. Intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (1 mL/100 g) was used to induce toxicity. The doses of TVH and OVEO were 1 mg/kg.b.wt, and 50 mg/kg.b.wt, respectively. HEM contains TVH (1 mg/kg.b.wt) and OVEO (50 mg/kg.b.wt).

Results: TVH has a high content of phenols, flavonoids, and flavanols. HPLC analysis showed that TVH contains, for the 1st time, epicatechin gallate, and at a high concentration. OVEO includes a high percentage of carvacrol and thymol. With the use of DPPH, OVEO was more potent than TVH. CCl4 caused significant liver and kidney damage and lipid disorders, which were alleviated by HVT, OVEO, and HEM. HVT was more potent than OVEO (p<0.05), and HEM was more potent than HVT and OVEO (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The study identified high content of epicatechin gallate for the 1st time in TVH, and OVEO contains a high percentage of thymol and carvacrol. Epicatechin gallate might be useful as a marker for TVH. Mixing OVEO and TVH significantly potentiated their protection against CCl4-induced liver and kidney toxicity.
MARKETING AND ADVERTISING STRATEGY IN ACHIEVING THE TOP OF MIND (SAMSUNG BRAND CASE STUDY)
Authors: Putri Andhita Vidya , . Eriyanto
Published: January 2021

Technological progress and competition between companies in the globalization era is increasing. New media plays an increasingly important role in advertising and marketing. In addition, the companies’ survival depends on the presence of audiences/consumers. Therefore, determining how to utilize this new media/technology and determining how effective and efficient digital advertising and marketing strategies so that advertising has an appeal to the audience and the products offered are acceptable to the audience and right on target, and in accordance with the specified target is important and interesting to study. To obtain a framework of important concepts and the best strategy of effective marketing and advertising, the author utilizes the literature review method with qualitative approach. In doing advertising and marketing, it is important to pay attention to the objectives, audience, and distribution / media of advertising and marketing. The use of various media such as social media, online advertising, digital signage, and also endorsers are also important factors in advertising and marketing success. Advertising and marketing strategies help to better understand consumers and see how best to engage and empower the audience / consumers to get what they want. Here technology has created a new environment, where power has shifted from advertisers to consumers. This research produced a variety of important strategies and the best media which can succeed advertising and marketing, attract audiences, obtain the AIDA (Attention Interest Desire Action) effect of the audience and finally reach the Top of Mind.
SELF-CONCEPT OF MINANGNESE STUDENTS IN PEKANBARU
Authors: Pithaloka Dyah , Aslinda Cutra
Published: January 2021

Pekanbaru is the capital city of Riau Province in Indonesia which is known for its progressive trading that made it into a multi-ethnic city. Accordingly, the most ethnic group in Pekanbaru city is the Minangkabau with 40.96% of the total population, followed by Malays who are the native of Riau province, then Javanese, Batak, and Chinese. There is an interesting phenomenon related to youth self-concept from Minangkabau (Minang) as the majority tribe who don’t acknowledge themselves as Minangnese when they interacting with their peers from across tribes. In that situation, they choose to call themselves “Orang Pekanbaru” which means people who originated from Pekanbaru city instead. The study conducted on Minangnese students from Riau Islamic University (UIR) who were born and residing in Pekanbaru. Using snowball sampling and interview techniques researchers analyze their self-concept and the factors that influence it. This study concludes that the student's self-concept dynamically changes throughout their development age. So, they see themselves Minangnese during their childhood era, then as they grow to teenage it turns into a negative feeling in the sense that he does not want to be considered a descendant of Minangnese, and later when they becoming a university student he starts to see himself as a Minangnese back with better perception. Some of the factors that influence them as teenagers are their view on the cultural gap among tribes in Pekanbaru, whereas the factors that make it changes again as students caused by the development of the mindsets.
EFFECT OF USING INSTAGRAM STORIES ON PHUBBING BEHAVIOR IN THE GENERATION Z OF SALATIGA
Authors: Christian, Phang Lifia Monica , Purnomo Daru , Sari Dewi Kartika
Published: January 2021

Instagram Stories is one of the main features of Instagram. Indonesia becomes one of the most active countries in using and creating Instagram Stories content compared to other countries.  However, the use of the Instagram Stories feature has raised concerns because of the daily activities, such as food consumed, holiday activities, and emotions that become the public consumptions by sharing moments using photos or videos through the Instagram Stories feature. When people use the feature on Instagram Stories to take moments and daily activities, this behavior triggers the ignorance of social interactions surrounding them because they only focus on creating Instagram Stories. The phenomenon of the moments’ preservation through Instagram Stories feature can create phubbing behavior as a definition that describes someone’s indifferent behavior in an environment. They tend to focus on their smartphones rather than interacting with their surroundings. This study was conducted to explore the influence of using Instagram Stories on Generation Z’s phubbing behavior in Salatiga city. It used quantitative methods with the linear regression technique. It used a purposive random sampling technique with 397 respondents as the samples. The result of this study showed that the use of Instagram Stories affects the phubbing behavior in Generation Z in Salatiga, as for the percentage of the influence of the variable use in Instagram Stories toward phubbing behavior is 31.1%. The rest, which is 68.9%, is affected by other factors outside of the use of Instagram Stories that were not conducted by the researchers
AL- ṬAḤĀWĪ’S METHOD TOWARDS THE VARIETY OF QIRAĀT IN TAFSIR AḤKĀM AL-QUR’ĀN AND ITS IMPLICATION TO ISTINBĀṬ AL-AḤKĀM
Authors: Hasan Moh Abdul Kholiq
Published: January 2021

The variety of Qiraāt is closely related to the interpretation of the Quran. Often, variety of Qiraāt result in different understanding and law. Al-Tahāwī gives special attention on the variety of Qiraāt and its use in the istinbāṭ of fiqh rulings in his interpretation entitled Ahkām al-Qur'ān al-Karīm. This research aims at investigating al-Tahāwī’s method towards the variety of Qiraāt and its implication in the istinbāṭ of fiqh rulings. This research paper employs analytic descriptive method by exploring and analyzing the variety of Qiraāt included in the interpretation entitled Ah}kām al-Qur’ān al-Karīm. The results showed that al-T{ah{āwī's interaction methods towards the variety of Qiraāt are: (1) providing all possible Qiraāt; (2) verifying the validity of Qiraāt; (3) explaining Qiraāt Syāżah. This method is very influential in the istinbāṭ of fiqh rulings because al-T{ah{āwī’s orientation on presenting variety of Qiraāt is related to the istinbāṭ of fiqh rulings itself. al-T{ah{āwī tried to compromise the variety of Qiraāt and confirmed his choices, far from being mażhab fanatics as those found in al-Jaṣāṣ, Ilkiyā al-Harāsi and Ibn al-‘Arabi.Keywords: Ahkām al-Qur’ān al-Karīm, al-Tahāwī, the variety of Qur’an recitations, Fiqh rulings.
Real time visualization of cancer cell death, survival and proliferation using fluorochrome-transfected cells in an IncuCyte® imaging system
Authors: M. Lanigan Thomas , M. Rasmussen Stephanie , P. Weber Daniel , S. Athukorala Kalana , L. Campbell Phillip , A. Fox David , H. Ruth Jeffrey
Published: January 2021

Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly advancing and viable approach to treating cancer along with more traditional forms of therapy. Real-time cell analysis technologies that examine the dynamic interactions between cancer cells and the cells of the immune system are becoming more important for assessment of novel therapeutics. In this report, we use the IncuCyte® imaging system to study the killing potential of various immune cells on cancer cell lines. The IncuCyte® system tracks living cells, labeled by a red fluorescent protein, and cell death, as indicated by the caspase-3/7 reagent, which generates a green fluorescent signal upon activation of apoptotic pathways. Despite the power of this approach, obtaining commercially fluorescent cancer cell lines is expensive and limited in the range of cell lines that are available. To overcome this barrier, we developed an inexpensive method using a lentiviral construct expressing nuclear localized mKate2 red fluorescent protein to stably label cancer cells. We demonstrate that this method is effective in labeling a wide variety of cell lines, allowing for analyses of different cancers as well as different cell lines of the same type of cancer.
Expansion and cellular characterization of primary human adherent cells in the Quantum® Cell Expansion System, a hollow-fiber bioreactor system
Authors: Vang Boah , Frank Nathan , Jones Mark , Nankervis Brian , Coeshott Claire
Published: January 2021

Primary adherent cell types can be expanded in the Quantum® Cell Expansion System (Quantum system), an automated platform that utilizes a hollow-fiber bioreactor. This system can replace manual cell culture and produce cells that retain their phenotypes and functionality. Bone- marrow-derived and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells have previously been successfully expanded on the Quantum system. We have now successfully used the Quantum system to expand fibroblasts and myoblasts. Hollow-fiber bioreactors were coated with adherence-supporting proteins, and then cells were loaded and expanded in the appropriate growth medium for 7 to 15 d. Cells were harvested from the bioreactors using enzymatic reagents. Harvested cell yields ranged from 100 × 106 to 1 × 109 cells, with viability typically above 90%. The number of doublings obtained from Quantum system harvests ranged from 4 to 9. The Quantum system is a functionally closed expansion system that can reduce contamination due to minimal interventions and can automate the culture process to reduce labor and reagent costs.
An in vitro model of hepatic steatosis using lipid loaded induced pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocyte like cells
Authors: Deepak Hiraganahalli Bhaskar , Shreekrishna Nellikalaya , Sameermahmood Zaheerbasha , Anand Niranjan Naranapur , Hulg Raghotham , Suresh Juluri , Khare Sonal , Dhakshinamoorthy Saravanakumar
Published: January 2021

Hepatic steatosis is a metabolic disease, characterized by selective and progressive accumulation of lipids in liver, leading to progressive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and cirrhosis. The existing in vitro models of hepatic steatosis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind the onset of hepatic steatosis and to profile small molecule modulators uses lipid loaded primary hepatocytes, and cell lines like HepG2. The limitation of these models includes high variability between the different donor samples, reproducibility, and translatability to physiological context. An in vitro human hepatocyte derived model that mimics the pathophysiological changes seen in hepatic steatosis may provide an alternative tool for pre-clinical drug discovery research. We report the development of an in vitro experimental model of hepatic steatosis using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived hepatocytes like cells (HLC), loaded with lipids. Our data suggests that HLC carry some of the functional characteristics of primary hepatocytes and are amenable for development of an in vitro steatosis model using lipid loading method. The in vitro experimental model of hepatic steatosis was further characterized using biomarker analysis and validated using telmisartan. With some refinement and additional validation, our in vitro steatosis model system may be useful for profiling small molecule inhibitors and studying the mechanism of action of new drugs.
An adapted novel flow cytometry methodology to delineate types of cell death in airway epithelial cells
Authors: T. Montgomery Samuel , M. Stick Stephen , Kicic Anthony
Published: January 2021

Current methodologies to measure apoptotic and necrotic cell death using flow cytometry do not adequately differentiate between the two. Here, we describe a flow cytometry methodology adapted to airway epithelial cells (AEC) to sufficiently differentiate apoptotic and necrotic AEC. Specifically, cell lines and primary AEC (n = 12) were permeabilized or infected with rhinovirus 1b (RV1b) over 48 h. Cell death was then measured via annexin V/propidium iodide (A5/PI) or annexin V/TO-PRO-3 (A5/TP3) staining using a novel flow cytometry and gating methodology adapted to AEC. We show that A5/PI staining could not sufficiently differentiate between types of cell death following RV1b infection of primary AEC. However, A5/TP3 staining was able to distinguish six cell death populations (viable, necrotic, debris, A5+ apoptotic, A5− apoptotic, apoptotic bodies) after permeabilization or infection with RV1b, with phenotypic differences were observed in apoptotic populations. Collectively, using a staining and gating strategy never adapted to AEC, A5/TP3 could accurately differentiate and quantify viable, necrotic, and apoptotic AEC following RV1b infection.
Prediction of hotel bookings cancellation using hyperparameter optimization on Random Forest algorithm
Authors: Azhar Yufis , Mahesa Galang Aji , Mustaqim Moch. Chamdani
Published: January 2021

Cancellation of hotel bookings by customers greatly influences hotel managerial decision making. To minimize losses by this problem, the hotel management made a fairly rigid policy that could damage the reputation and business performance. Therefore, this study focuses on solving these problems using machine learning algorithms. To get the best model performance, hyperparameter optimization is applied to the random forest algorithm. It aims to obtain the best combination of model parameters in predicting hotel booking cancellations. The proposed model is proven to have the best performance with the highest accuracy results of 87 %. This study's results can be used as a model component in hotel managerial decision-making systems related to future bookings' cancellation.
Relationship of working capital management and profitability of the firms - an application of unit root and co-integration test on the various corporate sectors of Pakistan stock exchange
Authors: Baig Umair , Sarwat Salman , Godil Danish Iqbal
Published: February 2021

The main purpose of this research is to find the impact and the long-run relationship of working capital, and profitability in different major sectors of Pakistan stock exchange; for this purpose eight sectors with 95 listed companies selected that can be representative of the Pakistani mindset and practices of the corporate world. For this reason, ROA used as the dependent variable and CCC, CR, QR, WCT ART, APD, ROCE, DR to check the long-run relationship with Firm Performance. OLS is not possible due to the trend in data. In this research unit root test and Penal Co-integration test used for finding the long-run relationship equilibrium. This research paper provides guidelines to corporate practitioners and academia to understand and focus on working capital to improve profitability in the organization. Findings revealed that different sectors have different characteristics of working capital in the long-run equilibrium. This research intends to give future direction for the researcher to develop theories of liquidity and working capital.
A Unified Approach for Establishing Soil Water Retention and Volume Change Behavior of Soft Soils
Authors: Mishra Partha Narayan , Scheuermann Alexander , Bhuyan M. Habibullah
Published: January 2021

The assumption of treating the specimen volume as constant while experimentally determining the soil water retention curve (SWRC) of soils is valid only for nonplastic, granular soils. Fine-grained soils usually undergo significant volume change during dewatering and densification, and therefore such an assumption is misleading, even falsifying. The need for developing an easy-to-use lab-scale technique that can enable continuous monitoring of the evolutions in volume, suction, and moisture content of a progressively drying soft soil specimen is evident in the field of characterizing unsaturated soils. Such a method is relevant to establishing SWRC and soil shrinkage curve (SSC) of soft soils that exhibit an appreciable degree of deformation upon subjection to dewatering. To this end, a simple yet improvised method based on the balloon technique incorporating a commercially available high-capacity polymer tensiometer has been proposed to establish SWRC-SSC of soft soils. A comparison between the SWRC and SSC obtained through the proposed method and the conventional methods demonstrated a satisfactory degree of agreement. Densification of the materials realized under the influence of mechanical and hydraulic stresses has been discussed through a comparative analysis between the results from the proposed method and one-dimensional odometer test. For soft soils, the proposed method is particularly appropriate for establishing SWRC in terms of volumetric moisture content and degree of saturation through just a single test.
BİTKİ TOHUM MUSİLAJLARI VE GIDALARDA KULLANIMI
Authors: VARDAR Umay Sevgi , ÖZCAN Yılmaz , ÖZMEN Duygu , TOKER Ömer Said
Published: January 2021

Hidrokolloidler, jelleşme, kalınlaştırma, emülsiyon ve köpükleri stabilize etme gibi teknolojik özelliklerinden dolayı gıda endüstrisinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Son yıllarda tüketicilerin doğal katkılı gıdalara olan ilgisi araştırıcıların ticari hidrokolloidlerin yerine bitki tohum musilajlarına olan ilgilerini artırmıştır. Bitki tohum musilajları teknolojik özelliklerinin yanı sıra diyet lifi olma özelliğinden dolayı eklendikleri ürüne fonksiyonel özellik kazandırmaktadır. Musilajların fonksiyonel özellikleri yapılarındaki şekerden dolayı sıcaklık gibi ektraksiyon koşullarından etkilenmekte olup enzim uygulaması, ultrasonik ve mikrodalga destekli yöntemler de musilaj ekstraksiyonun da kullanılabilmektedir. Bu derlemede, musilajların farklı kaynaklardan farklı yöntemler ile elde edilmesi ve fırıncılık, süt ve et ürünlerinde kullanımı ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar özetlenmiştir.
Variabilidad climática estacional e interanual de la disposición final de residuos sólidos urbanos en Bogotá D.C., y su relación con la precipitación
Authors: Alexa Liliana Ortiz Arenas , Mauricio Andres Ruiz Ochoa , Juan Pablo Rodriguez Miranda
Published: February 2021

Se analizaron datos históricos mensuales de disposición final de Residuos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) del Relleno Sanitario Doña Juana, en la ciudad de Bogotá, D.C., durante 19 años (1998 a 2016), y a su vez su relación con la precipitación. Se usó estadística descriptiva. Dentro de la variabilidad climática estacional, los RSU respondieron a la migración natural de la Zona de convergencia Intertropical (ZCIT), así, los valores máximos de RSU se depositaron en los meses de Abril (lluviosa menor) y Octubre (lluviosa mayor). Mientras que, los valores mínimos de RSU estuvieron en los meses de Enero (seca mayor) y Agosto (seca menor). En términos de la variabilidad climática interanual, el comportamiento de los mismos estuvo dado por la ocurrencia de una de las fases de los eventos El Niño Oscilación del Sur. Durante los eventos El Niño (disminución en la precipitación) se evidenció un aumento en la cantidad de RSU depositados, mientras que durante los eventos La Niña (aumentos en la precipitación) ocurrió lo contrario. Se puede decir que, en el manejo de la RSU producidos en la ciudad de Bogotá se debe tener en cuenta la dinámica asociada a los periodos climáticos con el fin de mejorar la toma de decisiones en este contexto.
Users’ Perception on Interior Design of Tarumanegara Knowledge Center Library
Authors: Wenny Lili Sudria , Nuravianti Fanny
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to know the users’ perception of spatial planning in the Tarumanagara Knowledge Center (TKC), Library of Tarumanegara University. It was a descriptive quantitative study that relied on the users’ perception on the spatial planning of the knowledge center as the primary sources. While, the sample involved in the study comprised 90 people who visited the knowledge center taken randomly. Data collection techniques used a Likert scale-based questionnaire distributed to the targeted visitors or users.  The collected data were then analyzed using a descriptive statistic. The results showed that the user's perception of the principles in the library layout obtained an average score of 3.07 that meant Good. Perceptions of aspects in library spatial planning get an average score of 3.20 that meant Good. Library users' perceptions of patterns in library layout get an average score of 3.14 that meant Good. Library users' perceptions of the spatial library get an average score of 3.18 that meant Good. Library users' perceptions of library space arrangement get an average score of 2.82 that meant Good. While the final score of the overall average of 3.06 that felt into Good category.  It can be concluded that Tarumanegara knowledge Center with its spatial planning was able to provide comfortable rooms and facilities that satisfied the users to access available sources.
The Auliya Meaning and Its Implementation in the Indonesia’s and Malaysia’s Leader Election
Authors: Astari Rika , Mukhlis Abdul , Faturrahman Muhammad Irfan , Seman Mohammad Bin
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe the understanding of the meaning of the word ‘auliya’ in Quran Al-Maidah:51 and its implementation in the Indonesia and Malaysia leader election. This research was a qualitative study with library analysis where the data were derived from questionnaire and interview of 26 respondents from Indonesia and Malaysia. The respondents were those who understood Arabic and were able to interpret the Quran. The object of the research was the translation of Surah Almaidah verse by JAKIM and the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Indonesia. The Creswell model was used in data analysis by reading, coding, interpreting and giving the meaning to topics. A descriptive statistical analysis was used to describe the data from questionnaire and interview. It was found that Indonesian and Malaysian respondents had a similar perception to understand the meaning of the word ‘auliya’ as a leader  implemented in the presidential and governors elections, and even to determine political parties. The difference in the translation of the Quran did not have a significant effect on the political practices in Indonesia and Malaysia