bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Irrigation with Povidone-Iodine Versus Normal Saline on Wound Infection After Open Appendectomy
Authors: Muhammad Abid Owais  , Syed Ali Haider  , Sidra Abbas  , Khalid Ahmed  , Saeed Ahmed  , Akram Rajput
Published: February 2023

Objective: Surgical site infections (SSIs) pose a continued problem to operating surgeons. It adds to        the healthcare cost, increases morbidity and  mortality  and  sometimes  culminates  in  re-explorations.  Rate of SSIs can be ameliorated by removing damaged or  non-viable  tissue,  metabolic  waste  and  wound exudates; this can be achieved by irrigation of surgical wound intraoperatively. Surgical wound irrigation can also be performed postoperatively. Even after giving prophylactic antibiotics and august aseptic measures, post-appendectomy wound infection remains soaring.  The  efficacy  of  povidone-io- dine on non-incised skin is well known  but  its  application  as  an  intraoperative  irrigation  solution  in  open surgical wounds is not a mundane practice. Likewise prophylactic irrigation with  normal  saline solution to prevent wound infection has also turned out to be effective in some studies. The objective           of this study is to compare the percentage of superficial SSI post-appendectomy, with intraoperative irrigation of subcutaneous plane using 1% povidone-iodine solution versus normal saline.

Methods:  200 cases of open appendectomy for acute appendicitis at Baqai Medical University, Kara-       chi were randomly distributed into two arms. In group A, 0.9% Normal Saline was employed to irrigate subcutaneous tissue before skin closure while in group B irrigation with 1%  diluted  povidone-iodine  solution was undertaken. The cases were assessed for infection in surgical wounds in line with Southampton wound grading system for five days after surgery and followed for thirty days.

Results: Mean age of participants of this study was 18.65 years.  There  were  100  patients  in  both  groups and the groups were not different statistically in terms of age, gender and operative findings. A     total of 38 (19%) out of 200 patients had Southampton grade 2 and above, signifying wound infection.      Out of these, 29 (29%) were from Group A and 9 (9%) from Group B (p=0.001).

Conclusion: 1% diluted povidone-iodine irrigation of subcutaneous plane after appendectomy remark-   ably lowers the rate of SSI when compared with normal saline irrigation.
Effect of Maternal Colonization with History of Prolonged Rupture of Membrane on Neonatal Colonization and Early Onset Sepsis
Authors: Memon M. Hanif , Hanif Shahina , Saeed Farhan , Iqbal Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Athar , Siraj Fatima , Aisha
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjective: To determine the effect of maternal colonization with history of PROM on neonatal colonization and early-onset sepsis.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at a single tertiary care hospital of Karachi from June 1st 2018 to May 31st 2019. A total of 155 patients' full-term new-borns between 37 to 41 weeks of gestation with a history of rupture of membranes more than 18 hours duration was selected by convenience sampling method. A high vaginal swab was collected from all full-term pregnant women with a history of PROM. After delivery of their new-borns, all babies were kept in the nursery under closed observation for 72 hours duration and their blood cultures, CRP (C- Reactive Protein) and CBC (complete blood count) was sent within 24 hours of delivery.Results: In our study, out of 155 PROM cases 58 (37.4) were growth positive and 50 (32.3) neonates had positive blood C/S at delivery. Out of 58 cases with suspected growth positive PROM mothers 51 had gram-negative organisms in HVS while only 7 mothers were gram-positive in HVS. Of all neonates with positive blood C/S at delivery 44 cases were gram-negative organisms in their blood.Conclusion: In our study organisms found in a high vaginal swab of the mother are similar to the organisms found in the blood culture of their new-born with early-onset sepsis.
Assessment of Depression and Its Associated Factors among Dental Outpatients
Authors: Iqbal Shazia Sarwat , Hyder Naqvi Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar , Ahmed Jafry Syed Imtiaz , Iqbal Hydrie Muhammad Zafar , Hussain Mudassir , Adnan Tariq Ali
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjective: To assess depression and its associated factors among patients coming to the dental OPD of a public and a private dental college of Karachi.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in public and a private dental college of Karachi from November 2018 to May 2019. The inclusion criterion of the study was being 18 years of age or above whereas those who refused to give written informed consent were excluded from the study. After checking eligibility and taking written informed consent, a total of 250 participants were included in the study using systematic random sampling. These dental outpatients were interviewed by the principal investigator with the help of a pretested structured questionnaire that contained questions about socio-demographic information, dental risk factors and questions from Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Data were analyzed on the statistical package for social sciences version 21. Inferential analysis was performed using chi-square test whereas the significance level was set at 0.05.Results: The study results revealed that 70 (28.0%) participants had minimal depression, 99 (39.6%) had mild depression, 45 (18.0%) had moderate depression, 28 (11.2%) had moderately severe depression whereas 8 (3.2%) had severe depression. Moreover, among demographic characteristics, only monthly income (p=0.037) and family history of depression (p<0.001) were found to be significantly associated with severity of depression whereas, regarding dental risk factors only frequent dental pain (p=0.014), increased sensitivity (p=0.001) and presence of any systemic morbidity (p=0.001) were found to be significantly associated with severity of depression.Conclusion: The study results revealed that almost a third of the dental outpatients had moderate, moderately severe or severe depression. Moreover, low monthly income, positively family history of depression, frequent dental pain, increased sensitivity and presence of any systemic morbidity were identified as factors associated with depression among the study participants
Oral Health Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practices and Their Associated Factors Among 3rd Year Dental Students
Authors: Hussain Mudassir , Jameel Nazia , Ahmed Jafry Syed Imtiaz , Hyder Naqvi Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar , Iqbal Shazia Sarwat , Adnan Tariq Ali
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjective: To assess oral health-related knowledge, attitude and practices and their associated factors among 3rd year BDS students in public sector dental colleges of Karachi.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess oral health-related knowledge, attitude and practices among 3rd year BDS students from November 2018 to April 2019. 3rd year BDS students of either gender in public sector dental colleges of Karachi were included in the study whereas those refusing to give verbal informed consent were excluded from the study. After checking eligibility, a total of 372 3rd year BDS students from five public sector dental colleges of Karachi were included in the study by using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected by the principal investigator using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Data were entered on Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19. After checking normality, the inferential analysis was carried out using the Mann Whitney U test whereas the significance level was set at 0.05.Results: The study results showed that the knowledge and attitude regarding oral health of dental students were overall satisfactory, however their practices were not found to be satisfactory. Moreover, it was found that the mean rank of knowledge score was significantly different across various categories of age 'p=0.001' whereas the mean rank of practice score was significantly different across various categories of gender 'p=0.005'.Conclusion: It was concluded that knowledge score was significantly different across categories of age while practice score was significantly different across categories of the gender of the students. Serious efforts are recommended to be taken by all stakeholders in order to motivate dental students so that they can translate their adequate knowledge and positive attitude regarding oral health into appropriate practices.
At a glance: Pancreatitis and Obesity
Authors: Jamaluddin Muhammad , Ahmed Hajrah Hilal , Mallick Raiya
Published: February 2023

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas, involving tissue injury and necrosis leading to variable degrees of glandular dysfunction. The capricious nature of AP begins at the diverse factors contributing to the development of pancreatitis and extends into the disease process with regards to complications or resolution. The global pooled incidence of AP averages at 34 cases per 100,000 general population per year with no gender differences, however, geographical variability in incidence remains fairly inadequate due to the limited research performed in this area. In 2011, a study done in Japan facilitates in highlighting the emergency that AP presents with a 180% increase over a decade in its diagnosis1.
Self-reported Glycemic Control and Associated Factors Among Diabetic Outpatients: A Cross Sctional Analysis
Authors: Hyder Naqvi Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar , Ahmed Jafry Syed Imtiaz , Hussain Mudassir , Iqbal Shazia Sarwat
Published: February 2023

A cross-sectional survey was carried out to determine the factors associated with self-reported glycemic control among outpatients with diabetes mellitus type 2 visiting a private tertiary care hospital of Karachi, from July to October, 2018. A total of 185 participants of either gender, aged 30 years, with obesity and a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 2 for at least 1 year were included in the study and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed on statistical package for social sciences version 21 whereas chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used for inferential analysis. The study results showed that regular medicine intake, regular exercise and weight change during the previous year were significantly associated with self-reported glycemic control of the patients (p<0.05 for all). The importance of patient related factors therefore should not be overlooked while managing patients of diabetes type 2 to achieve a better glycemic control.
An Analytical Approach to Estimate Prevalence of Depression from a Non-Probability Sample of College Students in Karachi Using Beck Depression Inventory
Authors: Akram Nuzhat Aisha , Jameel Nazia , Faiz Samira , Hussain Mudassir , Qadir Abdul , Raza Amina
Published: February 2023

Objective: To estimate and compare the prevalence of depression among college students in Karachi. The analytical approach was aimed to minimize biases produced by profession, gender, and age of samples on the prevalence rate.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed. Two hundred and sixty students were chosen from January 2018 to March 2019 through a purposive non-probability sampling technique from different professional colleges in Karachi. Beck Depression Inventory, a self-report questionnaire comprising 21 items was used as a study tool. After taking informed consent, each sample was inquired about the profession, age, gender, and personal and family history of psychiatric illness. Diagnosed cases of any psychiatric illness were excluded. Samples were stratified on the basis of profession, gender, and age. A minimum sample size of 70 students was extracted from the total sample through quasi randomization. Statistical software SPSS version 16 was used for data entry, sample randomization and analyses.Results: Overall prevalence rate was 26.15%. Profession based stratification of samples showed prevalence rates of 21.81% and 29.33% in business and medical college students, respectively. Substrata of medical colleges i.e. public and private medical college students showed prevalence rates of 38.66% and 20%, respectively. Gender-based stratification showed a prevalence rate of 33.33% in female and 17.24% in male students. Age-based stratification showed a prevalence rate of 15.49% in teens (17-19 years) and 21.69% in the post-teen group (20-25 years). Independent sample t-tests showed a statistically significant difference between the strata of the profession, gender, and age and substrata of public and private medical colleges. A prevalence rate of 25.71% was estimated in quasi-randomized samples.Conclusion: Randomization, stratification and large sample sizes are employed to minimize biases in prevalence studies. The present study showed the importance of sample stratification based on age, gender, and profession in estimating the prevalence of depression. Results also showed the validity of the minimum sample size is calculated appropriately.
Assessment of Tuberculosis Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Among Final Year Medical Students in Karachi
Authors: Iqbal Hydrie Muhammad Zafar , Ahmed Jafry Syed Imtiaz , Ali Haider , Iqbal Shazia Sarwat
Published: February 2023

Objective: To assess tuberculosis related knowledge, attitude and practice among final year medical students of Karachi.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two medical colleges located in different districts of Karachi from January 2017 to June 2017. Being a final year medical student of the college was the inclusion criterion whereas refusal to give written informed consent was the exclusion criterion of the study. Data were collected on a structured questionnaire administered by the principal investigator to all the participants. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS statistical package version 20.Results: Around two-thirds students knew that tuberculosis cannot be treated only on radiographic findings while a majority of them knew about the treatment regimens but knowledge about the different TB medicines and their side effects was variable. About 90% of the students believed that directly observed treatment short course therapy is effective while a similar number believed Bacille Calmette Guerin vaccination prevents tuberculosis. A fair number of students (63.1%) practice wearing of face mask while a majority (89.3%) of them reported that contagious patients should be isolated. Over 95% of the students stated that they give tuberculosis patients counseling and health education.Conclusion: Majority of students had correct knowledge, attitude and practices regarding tuberculosis. Increased exposure and education to medical students in both academic and clinical settings is recommended.
Comparison of Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude & Practice among Dental versus Medical Students
Authors: Azfar Mariam , Khan Imran , Sheikh Amir Akbar , Iqbal Noureen , Raza Syed Ali , Bari Yashfika Abdul , Abid Khadijah
Published: February 2023

Objective: The objective of study was to compare oral health knowledge, attitude and practice scores between medical and dental students of Karachi, Pakistan.Methods: It was cross-sectional study conducted at private medical and dental college of Karachi, Pakistan from Jul 2018-Jul 2019. Hundred medical and 100 dental students of age 22-26 years of either gender, enrolled in 2nd year of their medical and dental school were recruited for the study by using non-probability convenience sampling technique. The adapted questionnaire was used which consist of 16 items to assess knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral health. SPSS version 23 was used to analyse data.Results: The mean age of participants was reported as 22.77 years. Among all medical students, the high mean knowledge score was observed for brushing timings (0.90), for attitude, the high mean score for use of floss/interdental brush was reported (4.41). Among all the dental students, the high mean score was observed for knowledge of brushing timings, frequency of replacing toothbrush and amount of toothpaste on your brush (0.93). According to attitude, high mean score for use of mouthwash was reported (4.45) followed by method of tooth brushing (4.35). According to practice the high mean score was reported for treatment of gum problems as 4.51.The knowledge, attitude and practice score of dental students were significantly high as compared to medical students (p<0.05). Among males, knowledge and attitude of dental students were significantly high as compared to medical students (p<0.05), whereas no significant difference was found between practice score. Among females, knowledge, attitude and practice score of dental students were significantly high as compared to medical students (p<0.05).Conclusion: The study ascertained that knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral health was better in dental students as compared to medical students
Determine the Attitude of Dental Students for Learning Communication Skills at Undergraduate Level
Authors: Abbasi Sahar , Ashraf Haroon , Ayub Tahera , Abid Khadijah , Memon Shabnam Iqbal , Saeed Anwar , Abbasi Zafar
Published: February 2023

Objective: To assess the attitude of dental students for learning communication skills at undergraduate level.Methods: A research based on cross-sectional comparative study design was conducted on final year BDS students at two reknowned dental colleges of Karachi naming Fatima Jinnah Dental College and Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry. Approval was taken from the principals of both dental colleges as well as from Ethical Review Board (ERB). The duration of the study took place from March-May 20. Inclusion were the final year dental students from both colleges.A validated questionnaire 'Communication Skills Attitudes Scale (CSAS)' was used for data collection. SPSS version 23 was used to analyse data. Mean and SD was computed for numeric variables and frequency and percentage was computed for categorical variables. Independent t-test was used to assess the significant difference with respect to gender.Results: 144 students participated in the study. Out of which 42 (28.97%) were males and 103 females (71.03%). The mean age of the students was 21.91 ± 1.03 years. The mean and standard deviation of the positive attitude score was 3.84 and 0.59 whereas of negative attitude score was 2.55 and 0.43. Both male and females had a high score of positive attitudes as compared to negative attitude similarly females had a high score of positive attitudes as compared to negative attitudes. There were no statistically significant differences observed in positive and negative attitudes of males and females (p>0.05).Conclusion: Both male and female students showed a positive attitude towards learning effective communication skills. Therefore, it has become a dire need for the students to acquire communication skills for improving doctor-patient relations and improving dental healthcare. Policy makers should consider including communication skills in the curriculum as part of formal education.
Assessment of Oral Health Behaviour & Self Practice among Hazrat Bari Sarkar Medical & Dental Students using the Hiroshima University - Dental Behavioural Inventory (HU - DBI)
Authors: Usman Yusuf Ahmad , Qurat-Ul-Ain  , Iqbal Shazia Sarwat , Hussian Mudassir , Butt Farhan , Ali Adnan Syed Tariq
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To assess oral health behaviour & self-practice among HBS undergraduate medical & dental students in Islamabad, Pakistan & to evaluate the variations in oral health behaviour & self-practice based on age, gender, academic program (MBBS/BDS) & education year.Methods: Hiroshima University Dental Behaviour Inventory (HU-DBI) questionnaire in English version consisting of 20 dichotomous responses (Agree/Disagree) was self-administered among 300 undergraduate medical & dental students of HBS Medical & Dental College in Islamabad. Three hundred medical and dental students were selected by convenience sampling. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the month of October 2019 & 38 questionnaire forms were excluded from the study which was incomplete & data was analysed on 262 (51 from dental & 211 from medical students) student's responses using SPSS Version 24 and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.Results: The mean age of students who participated in the study was 21.26 ± 1.90 years with a total number of 109 males & 153 females. A significantly higher HU-DBI score was observed among students from higher years of education only (p-value of 0.015). The majority of students (80.1%) brush their teeth daily. About 64.5% of students mentioned that they use toothbrushes & 15.6% used miswak on daily basis for cleaning their teeth. About 88.6% of students did not use mouthwash & toothpicks regularly.Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results that students belonging to higher years of education showed improved oral health behaviour and attitude as compared to the early years of education. Overall health behaviour observed was adequate.
Healthcare Waste: An Overview from Generation to Disposal
Authors: Naz Shikoh , Hyder Naqvi Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar , Asim Saima
Published: February 2023

Madam, waste resulting from healthcare activities consists of a diversity of substances like used syringes, soiled dressings, diagnostic samples, biochemicalsubstances, pharmaceutical products, medical devices, radioactive materials, and body parts1
To Determine the Frequency of Endometriosis in Sub-Fertile Women Undergoing Laparoscopy
Authors: Hassan Nazia , Jamil Rabia , Ali khan Fiza , Ali Lubna
Published: February 2023

It is a cross sectional study conducted in department of obs and gynae civil hospital karachi from 1 january 2016 to 30 june 2016 . There were 96 women were selected in this study .

Results The average age of the women was 27.44+_3.69 years . frequency of endometriosis in subfertile women undergoing laparoscopy was found in 32(33.33%) women.
Evaluating Sensitivity and Resistance Pattern of Cefazolin and Ceftriaxone Against Different Pathogenic Organisms- A Comparative In-Vitro Analysis.
Authors: Perveen Feroza , Shyum Naqvi Syed Baqir , Khaliq Asif
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the zone of inhibition and sensitivity pattern of cefazolin and ceftriaxone against selected pathogenic organisms.

Methodology: This was an invitro experimental study that was conducted on clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphlococcus aureus from urine and pus samples. These samples were collected from four pathological laboratories in Karachi and tested against two commonly used cephalosporins, cefazolin and ceftriaxone from the period of 1st January –27th February 2011. The resistant pattern was determined by disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer test).The data was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19. Mean ± SD used for continuous measurements whereas frequencies and percentages were used for categorical variables. Independent sample t-test applied to see antibiotic sensitivity pattern in urine and pus samples.

Results:  The result of this study reveal that Escherichia coli is the most common uropathogen that is present in more than 35% of samples. The zone of inhibition of Ceftriaxone is greater than Cefazolin for all types of clinical isolates. Moreover the sensitivity pattern of Ceftriaxone for all the clinical isolates is greater 90.25%, 85.72%,100%,75% and 85% to  Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphlococcus aureus  respectively than does Cefazolin. The pathogenic organisms present in urine are more susceptible to ceftriaxone. The p-value obtained after apply independent sample t-test for ceftriaxone was 0.012. Therefore, there is a significant difference in the sensitivity pattern of ceftriaxone for pathogens present in urine and pus samples.

Conclusion: Ceftriaxone is more effective than cefazolin in most of the cases and there is clear difference in their zone of inhibition. Moreover, resistance to cefazolin develops more easily than does Ceftriaxone. Continuous surveillance, public awareness and health care education can decreases the irrational use of these antibiotics.

Keywords: Pathogenic organisms, Resistance, Sensitivity, Zone of Inhibition, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone, efficacy.
Laparoscopic –Assisted Orchidopaxy in Non-Palpable Testes in Adult Population
Authors: Mansoor Muhammad , Arain Suhail Dilawar , Choudary Shahzad Ali , Shaikh Arif Ali , Narejo Saeed Ahmed Khan , Hussain Shahid
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT:

 

 Objectives:   To present our experience of managing impalpable undescended testes in post-pubertal patients with intention of testicular preservation using laparoscopic assisted orchidopaxy. 

 

 Study Design: Descriptive Case series.

 

 Place &

Duration of

Study:    Department of Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC) Karachi, between Jan 2015 to Dec 2020 with minimal 6 months follow-up.

 

Methodology: We included all patients with clinically impalpable testes with aged 12 and above. All patients had ultrasound abdomen performed as initial screening test followed by laparoscopic assessment and definite procedure. Patients with normal or hypo-plastic testes were underwent single staged orchidopaxy, while patients with testicular atrophy were planned for orchiectomy. Intraoperative testicular biopsy and Semen analysis were not routinely performed in our study.

 

 Results: Total 36 patients with 41 impalpable testes underwent laparoscopic localization and management.  Mean age of patients was 20.75+ 5.98 years. 50% of testes were on the right side, 36.1% on left sided while 3.88% were bilateral. 5 (12.1%) patients had clinical inguinal hernia.. Diagnostic yield of ultrasound was (75.6%) and 100 % in laparoscopy. 33 testis were true intra-abdominal while 4 were inguinal and 4 were vanishing testes Normal looking testes were observed in 24 testes (64.86%) followed by hypoplastic in 11(29.72%) while 2 testes (5.40%) were atrophic. Two intra-operative complications included urinary bladder injury and vas deferens  injury in one patient each. Postoperatively testicular ischemic necrosis in one (2.4%) and wound infection in 2 (4.8%) patients were noted. Late follow up revealed one port site hernia (2.4%) and one testicular atrophy (2.4%). Success rate of orchidopaxy in our study was 94.6%.

 

Conclusions: Laparoscopic has been proved as excellent diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the management of intra- abdominal undescended testes in adolescent and post-pubertal patients.

 

 

Key words: Impalpable testes, Laparoscopic-assisted orchidopaxy, Adolescent, Adult
Effects of Different Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Circulating Levels of Neurotrophic Factor in Healthy and Hyperlipidemic Adults in A Local Population
Authors: Mustafa Ghulam , Muhammad Irfan  , Wasee Nosheen , Zia Nuvair , Ramzan Adli , Anjum Nargis
Published: February 2023

Objective: The present study is to compare the pre and post serum BDNF levels in healthy and hyperlipidemic population at baseline and post 12 weeks of exercise and to correlate the pre and post serum BDNF levels in healthy and hyperlipidemic population at baseline and post 12 weeks of exercise.

Study Design: Two arm follow up non-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Place and Duration of Study: Physiology department, Basic Medical Science Institute (BMSI), Jinnah Post-Graduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi

Methodology: A total 258 participants of any age were divided into two groups: 129 participants in one of the two groups, Group-1 adult hyperlipidemic group and Group-2 healthy adults group. Both groups were additional divided into 3 subgroups with different exercise intensity i.e. light, moderate and high intensity exercise. To evaluate the health status of participants, graded exercise test by using Bruce protocol and the HRmax was performed and given a specific exercise program for 12 weeks. The test was a conducted as per Bruce protocol (Smith 2013), using a treadmill with heart rate monitoring and ECG monitor. Blood sample had been taken for the analysis of total cholesterol and serum levels of BDNF.

Results: Mean levels of brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) of healthy and hyperlipidemic participants in all three different intensity exercise group (A, B, and C) at baseline and three follow-ups shown no statistically significant difference between LIEG on BDNF level from baseline (day zero) till three consecutive follow ups (p>0.05). While, in moderate (p<0.05) and high intensity participants (p<0.01) demonstrated an increase in BDNF levels at 90th day when compared from baseline i.e. day zero. Prominently, no significant difference observed at baseline (p>0.05), however a significant difference was found at day 30, 60 and 90 (p <0.05, 20.01, <0.001) respectively.

Conclusion: In light of our findings we conclude that 12 weeks of moderate to high intensity exercise progress cognitive function, serum BDNF levels, and improved lipid profile parameters, while low intensity exercise showed no significant mean difference for healthy participants.
Early Respiratory Symptoms of Water-Pipe (Shisha) Smoking in Medical Students of Karachi
Authors: Komal Kiran Galaria  , Nadia Younus  , Rahat Zubair  , Malik Balaj Khan  , Sameen Adib Rehman  , Safa Shahab  , Syed Muhammad Ishaque
Published: February 2023

Objective:

Water pipe smoking WPS (Shisha) is becoming increasingly acceptable in the youth and is contributing to the burden of respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of early respiratory symptoms in relation to the severity and duration of WPS smoking in the medical students of Karachi.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in medical colleges of Karachi. A self-administered questionnaire collected information about smoking habits and respiratory symptoms from students.  

Results:

Out of 250 participants, 68.8 % (n=172) were short term smokers. 31.6% (n=79) reported to have smoked shisha monthly. The main reason of smoking shisha for 26% (n=65) was just to fill in the free time with friends. 39.4% (n=88) intend to quit shisha smoking in future. 32.4% (n=81) of the students experienced shortness of breath, 30.4% (n=76) Dry cough, 30.4% (n=76) Scratchy sensation in the throat, 23.6% (n=59) rapid breathing, 20% (n=50) chest tightness and 13.6% (n=34) hoarse voice after shisha consumption. The association of these symptoms with duration and severity of shisha exposure remained insignificant. 

Conclusion:

The results of this study show that smoking shisha can bring about the early respiratory symptoms. Education is important in creating awareness about WPS hazards.

Key words:

Water-pipe; Shisha; Smoking; Medical students; Respiratory symptoms
Rise Of Intraocular Pressure After Nd: YAG Laser Capsulotomy
Authors: Shams Asma , Das Narain , Kumar Jai , Khan Beenish , Bhatti M. Nasir , Tariq Anas Bin , Anwar Adnan
Published: February 2023

Objective: Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after cataract is a common complication of extra capsular cataract extraction with or without intraocular lens implantation. Aim of this study was to evaluate changes in intraocular pressure after Nd-Yag laser posterior capsulotomy for PCO.

Methodology: This retrospective study using convenient sampling technique was done at Eye Department of Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir BhuttoMedical College Lyari, Sindh Government General Hospital, Karachi for six months (1st January 2020 to 30th June 2020. After ethical approval and informed permission from patients and guardian, data was collected and analyzed by SPSS version 20 and presented by calculating mean and standard deviation for quantitative data and frequency and percentages for qualitative data.

Results: Total 50 patients (20 males and 30 females) were studied where 22 right and 28 left eyes. Mean age was 59.08 years. Mean pre-operative IOP was 13.28 and 13.12 mmHg of right and left eye respectively (Table I). At 2 hours mean IOP was 16.84±3.63 mmHg and after one week 12.48±2.0 mmHg. Base line pre-laser IOP was measured by Goldman Applanation Tonometer (GAT) and slit lamp examination. Pupils were dilated using 1% tropicamide eye drops. IOP was evaluated immediate post-procedure, two hours post–procedure and one week from date of laser.

Conclusion: Nd –Yag laser capsulotomy is treatment of choice for PCO and associated with complications like Raised Intraocular Pressure (IOP), Intraocular lens pitting, cystoid macular oedema, retinal detachment. Raised IOP is most common complication and prescribing anti-glaucoma drugs in order to decrease intraocular pressure.
Resuscitation Ladder–An Innovative Method of Learning Resuscitation
Authors: Waheed Shahan
Published: February 2023

Learning resuscitation in emergency medicine is sought with many challenges like; recall, anxiety, stress and human factors. In the current editorial an innovative learning method has been proposed for LMICs to improve resuscitation outcomes through improve practice.
Chronic Inflammatory Changes In Esophageal Mucosa of Albino Rats Following Prolonged Intake of Carbonated Drinks.
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Mazhar Ashhad , Parveen Naila , Farhan Sara , Riaz Lubna , Shahid Riaz Ahmed
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background: Carbonated beverages include soft drinks or sodas which contain carbondioxide and that when ingested for prolonged period of time lowers the intra-esophageal pH and can lead to histopathological changes in the mucosa.

Objective: To study the effects of prolonged intake of carbonated drinks on the oesophagus of albino rats.

Method: This experimental study was carried out at Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College for a period of six months. Seventy five rats of wistar strain (gender non specific) were divided into ‘control groups ‘A1 n=10, A2 n=10, A3 n=10 & ‘exposed groups’ B n=15, C n=15 and D n=15.The controls and the exposed animals were fed the same balanced diet, prepared at the lab’s kitchen. The fluid intake of exposed animals was restricted to carbonated drinks only, whereas, the controls were fed water.At the end of the first, third and sixth months, groups A1&B, A2&C and A3&D were sacrificed and histological section of oesophagus were obtained for histomorphological studies.

Results:

On micrometry, width of the oesophagus of the exposed animals for one month;Group B was higher (17.87) than those of Group A1 (5.70). Those rats sacrificed at the end of the third month; Group C had significantly enlarged wall thickness of the oesophagus compared to A2 group. The average oesophageal wall thickness 13.60?m was found to be more in the exposed group ‘D’, as compared to 4.50?m measured in Control Group A3 (p<0.01).

Conclusion: Prolonged consumption of carbonated drinks resulted in gross and histomorphological changes in the esophageal mucosa. The results of this research will help provide awareness to the general public of the adverse effects afflicted by these beverages.
ASSESSMENT OF CONTEMPORARY MUSIC ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS IN ADEYEMI COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, ONDO
Authors: Ogunrinade D. O. A. , Babarinde B. J , Owolabi I. O.
Published: February 2023

Most students in tertiary institutions nowadays have remarkable admittance to contemporary music and use them in both expected and unexpected ways. They spend hours daily listening, singing and dancing to various genre of contemporary music. This paper set out to examine the effects of contemporary music on the academic achievement of the tertiary institution students with focus on Adeyemi College of Education in Ondo State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was employed and the targeted populations for the study comprised both students and lecturers in the institution. The instrument for data collection was a structured and well-designed questionnaire guide. Five hundred and forty (540) students were randomly selected from various departments as well as One hundred (100) lecturers, making a total number of six hundred and forty (640) respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics in form of frequencies and simple percentage. The findings divulge that contemporary music is causing students to lose focus on their academic tasks, promotes a high sense of immorality through use of highly offensive language (lyrics) and dance patterns. This has resulted in penetrability of moral impiety, licentious dressing and sexual perversion among students. This study recommends that students should be encouraged to be listening to music that will convey positive character-building messages for edification and desist from music that egg on and motivate unethical acts.
THETECHNOLOGY OF DỪNDỨN DRUMS IN YORUBA CULTURE
Authors: Adelere Adesokan, Zacchaeus
Published: February 2023

Musical instruments, no matter what culture on earth they are found in, often represent themost complex technologicaldevelopment of that particular culture. For instance, Dừndứndrums are the most famous traditional drums in Yoruba culture. It is the principal and themost popular type of instrumental music in Yoruba culture. It has a key role in traditionalevents, celebrations and functions that are dear for the culture e.g.birth, naming, burial andfuneral ceremonies. Dừndứndrum is used for various ceremonies because it is capable ofproducing music that is specific to an occasion. But what goes into its making that gives itsuch a potential? This paper thus attempts to discuss the origin, overall-shape, andconstruction, as regard the methods of attaching the skin to the body of frame of the drum,the tuning and the techniques of playing Dừndứn drums in Yoruba culture.
Geographic Information System (GIS) in Public Health
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Computational Engineering and Networking, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (University), Srikanth Dr. Geetha
Published: February 2023

Remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) are a potential enabling technolo-gy used in public health. With the precise geo-graphic location of the incident these technolo-gies are potentially useful for infectious dis-ease surveillance and control of vector borne diseases. GIS is a computer system for captur-ing and displaying data related to positions on earth’s surface. Since many different kinds of data are shown on a map one can analyze their patterns and relationships
Fatal Intracranial Haemorrhage due to HPA-2b Incompatible Foetal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia and Antenatal Management of Subsequent Pregnancy
Authors:   Division of Paediatric Haematology Oncology, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Francis Arun , G Sarat Chandra , Rajendran Aruna
Published: February 2023

Intracranial hemorrhage as a presenting feature of neonatal Alloimmune thrombocytopenia is an uncommon manifestation and is a predictor of recurrent risk in future pregnancy. The index child had an uncommon Human Platelet Antigen (HPA-2b) causing feto-maternal incompatibility leading to in-utero intracranial hemorrhage. The rarity of this antigen in the population posed a challenge in establishing the diagnosis. With the aid of HPA genotyping the father was found to be heterozygous for this antigen which led to proceed with the antenatal diagnosis of the condition in the subsequent pregnancy. Keywords: Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia, NAIT, Human Platelet Antigen, Antenatal Diagnosis, Intracranial Hemorrhage
Classical Seminoma in Undescended Testes – Presentation at Extremes of Age
Authors:   Professor, Department of Pathology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, M Mujeeburahiman , C Vipin , Saldanha Prema
Published: February 2023

Cryptorchidism is a known risk factor for malignant germ cell tumours. Seminomas constitute the commonest histological subtype with the average age of presentation at 40 years. We report two cases of histopathologically proven seminomas at the extremes of age. Keywords: Testes, seminoma, undescended
Opportunities for medical college hospital to promote utilization of can-cer cervix screening services among rural women
Authors:   Department of Community Medicine, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India, K Dr. Latha
Published: February 2023

The estimated global burden for new cases of uterine cervical cancer is 7.9% of all new cancer cases and 7.5% of all female cancer deaths. Globally cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women after breast, colorectal and lung cancer and in the WHO south east Asian region (SEAR) it is the second most common cancer after breast cancer
Biomedical Significance of Alpha1-Antitrypsin: An Overview
Authors:   Professor Department of Biochemistry, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, SDUAHER, Kolar, Karnataka, India, Kunder Mamatha , Kutty A V M
Published: February 2023

Alpha1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) is a natural, endogenous inhibitor of serine proteases with preferential activity towards neutrophil elastase (NE), the enzyme that possess the ability to cleave important connective tissue protein, elastin. The normal circulating concentrations of α1-AT is thus very important to maintain the elasticity of tissues. Severely diminished levels of α1-AT are associated with development of various disease conditions, in particular disorders of lung. This review highlights the biological role of α1-AT and its involvement in diseases. New therapeutic approaches involving α1-AT are also discussed. Keywords: Alpha1-antitrypsin, Endogenous inhibitor, Neutrophil elastase, Serine protease, Serpin.
Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Menstrual Hygiene among Adolescent Girls
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of OBG Nursing, Sri Devaraj Urs College of Nursing, Kolar, Karnataka, India., J Silvia Surekha , M Punitha
Published: February 2023

Background: Adolescence is second decade of life marking the transaction from adulthood. These are the premature years where maximum amount of physical, physiological & behavioral changes takes place. In India the female child is neglected and menstruation is still regarded as something unclean or dirty. The menstrual practices are still clouded by taboos and socio cultural restrictions resulting in unhygienic health practices which sometimes results with adverse health outcomes such as reproductive tract infec-tions. Therefore improved knowledge about menstruation from childhood may escalate safe practices and help in mitigating the suffering of millions of women. Materials and Methods: The research design select-ed for this study was pre- experimental one group pretest & post tests design. Forty adolescent girls were selected using convenient sampling technique. The study was conducted at R.L. Jalappa central school, Ko-lar. The instrument used for the study was self administered structured knowledge questionnaire. Results: The results showed that there was significant difference between pre-test & post test knowledge score and also revealed that there was significant association between mean knowledge score with age, education sta-tus of the mother and presence of elder sister in the family. Conclusions: The study concludes that struc-tured teaching programme could be an effective strategy to improve the knowledge of adolescence girls on menstrual hygiene. Keywords: Structured teaching programme, menstrual hygiene, adolescent girls.
Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (NAT) in Promoting Safer Blood Transfusions
Authors:   Professor, Department. of Pathology, I/C Blood Bank, R.L.J.H & R.C, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, SDUAHER, Kolar-563101, Karnataka, India., Das Dr. Subhashish
Published: February 2023

Blood safety depends on the distribution of transfusion transmissible infections (TTI) among donor population, blood donor educa-tion, quality donor selection, quality compo-nent preparation and its storage, and effective transportation of blood products. Hence blood safety involves a systematic rigorous quality process from donor selection to transfusion to the receiver. The conventional immuoassays performed on donor blood samples rely on the presence of antibodies to the infection. Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) is a sensitive test that can detect low levels of viral genetic materials in the samples. Some of the potential benefits of NAT include the ability to identify infections earlier thus narrowing the window period and to detect viral mutant and occult infections
Cryptogenic Liver abscess by Group F Streptococci: A rare Case report
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College., Deva Anitha , Nischal K , Baig Asadulla , PM Beena
Published: February 2023

Cryptogenic pyogenic Liver abscess is a condition in which no predisposing foci of infection is found in any part of the body. Group F streptococci causing pyogenic Liver abscess and Cryptogenic pyogenic Liver abscess is rare and is found to be important because of its association with peritoneal and pelvic neoplasm. Timely diagnosis, treatment, and follow up is important in these cases to find out the associated pathology. Here, we report a case of Cryptogenic Pyogenic Liver abscess by Group F Streptococci.
Health Profile of Kolar Police Personnel: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors:   Professor and HOD , Department of Department of Community Medicine, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, SDUAHER, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India., B N Sunil , B T Prasanna Kamath
Published: February 2023

Background: The police deal on a regular basis with an assortment of unique situations and stress-ors and this profession is considered as one of the top three occupations most commonly associated with workplace stress by both occupational physicians and psychiatrists. The prevalence of certain morbidities like hypertension, diabetes, obesity, low back ache and cardiovascular risk is more among police personnel than general population. Aims: To assess morbidity pattern among police personnel with the intention of providing inputs to the policy makers to bring about changes to address these issues of the police force. Set-tings and Design: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study was carried out on police personnel working in 5 police stations. Methods and Material: Complete information regarding socio-economic-demographic de-tails, occupational history, past and present history and family history was collected through interview. Gen-eral examination including anthropometric measurements and vitals with special reference to Non Com-municable diseases was recorded. Blood samples were collected to estimate Fasting Blood Sugar, Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) and Lipid profile. Results: A total of 200 Police personnel were interviewed. Preva-lence of Obesity was 68% and Overweight was seen in 16%. 23.5% were Tobacco users and 28% were con-suming Alcohol. 46% of the people were suffering from Musculoskeletal Problems. 23% were diagnosed to have Diabetes Mellitus, 26% had Hypertension and 64.5% had Metabolic Syndrome. 183(91.5%) had abnor-mal lipid profile. Conclusions: Regular screening and health education programs needs to be implemented. Counseling related to lifestyle modification, addiction control and stress management should be an integral component of these health-related activities. Key-words: Policemen, Diabetes, Hypertension and Obesity
Revefenacin: Drug review
Authors:   Professor and Head of Department of Pharmacology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, SDUAHER, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India., K Bhuvana
Published: February 2023

Revefenacin, a long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist was approved by US Food and Drug Administration in November 2018 for the maintenance treatment of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It is administered by inhalational route once-daily. Most common adverse reactions observed during the clinical trials were cough, nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, headache, and back pain. To be avoided in patients with hepatic impairment and history of hypersensitivity reaction to revefenacin. Key-words: Revefenacin, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Muscarinic receptor antagonist