bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remofuscin induces xenobiotic detoxification via a lysosome-to-nucleus signaling pathway to extend the Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan
Authors: Oh Miae , Yeom Jiah , Schraermeyer Ulrich , Julien-Schraermeyer Sylvie , Lim Young-Hee
Published: May 2022

Lipofuscin is a representative biomarker of aging that is generated naturally over time. Remofuscin (soraprazan) improves age-related eye diseases by removing lipofuscin from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. In this study, the effect of remofuscin on longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans and the underlying mechanism were investigated. The results showed that remofuscin significantly (p < 0.05) extended the lifespan of C. elegans (N2) compared with the negative control. Aging biomarkers were improved in remofuscin-treated worms. The expression levels of genes related to lysosomes (lipl-1 and lbp-8), a nuclear hormone receptor (nhr-234), fatty acid beta-oxidation (ech-9), and xenobiotic detoxification (cyp-34A1, cyp-35A1, cyp-35A2, cyp-35A3, cyp-35A4, cyp-35A5, cyp-35C1, gst-28, and gst-5) were increased in remofuscin-treated worms. Moreover, remofuscin failed to extend the lives of C. elegans with loss-of-function mutations (lipl-1, lbp-8, nhr-234, nhr-49, nhr-8, cyp-35A1, cyp-35A2, cyp-35A3, cyp-35A5, and gst-5), suggesting that these genes are associated with lifespan extension in remofuscin-treated C. elegans. In conclusion, remofuscin activates the lysosome-to-nucleus pathway in C. elegans, thereby increasing the expression levels of xenobiotic detoxification genes resulted in extending their lifespan.
Microencapsulated probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and/or Pediococcus acidilactici strains ameliorate diarrhoea in piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Pupa Pawiya , Apiwatsiri Prasert , Sirichokchatchawan Wandee , Pirarat Nopadon , Nedumpun Teerawut , Hampson David J. , Muangsin Nongnuj , Prapasarakul Nuvee
Published: May 2022

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum(strains 22F and 25F) andPediococcus acidilactici(strain 72N) have displayed antibacterial activity in vitro, suggesting that they could be used to support intestinal health in pigs. The aim of this study was to determine if microencapsulated probiotics could reduce the severity of infection with enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) in weaned pigs. Sixty healthy neonatal piglets were cross-fostered and separated into five groups. Piglets to be given the microencapsulated probiotics received these orally on days 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Only piglets in groups 1 and 5 did not receive probiotics: those in groups 2 and 4 received the three microencapsulated probiotic strains (multi-strain probiotic), and piglets in group 3 received microencapsulatedP. acidilacticistrain 72N. After weaning, the pigs in groups 3-5 were challenged with 5 mL (at 109 CFU/mL) of pathogenic ETEC strain L3.2 carrying thek88,staP, andstbvirulence genes. The multi-strain probiotic enhanced the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of weaned piglets after the ETEC challenge (group 4), whilst supplementing with the single-strain probiotic increased FCR (group 3). Piglets in groups 3 and 4 developed mild to moderate diarrhoea and fever. In the probiotic-fed piglets there was an increase in lactic acid bacteria count and a decrease inE. colicount in the faeces. By using real-time PCR, virulence genes were detected at lower levels in the faeces of pigs that had received the probiotic strains. Using the MILLIPLEX MAP assay, probiotic supplementation was shown to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα), while group 4 had high levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Challenged piglets receiving probiotics had milder intestinal lesions with better morphology, including greater villous heights and villous height per crypt depth ratios, than pigs just receiving ETEC. In conclusion, prophylactic administration of microencapsulated probiotic strains may improve outcomes in weaned pigs with colibacillosis.
Symptom-based pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain related to spinal disorders: results from a patient-based assessment
Authors: Nakajima Hideaki , Watanabe Shuji , Honjoh Kazuya , Kubota Arisa , Matsumine Akihiko
Published: May 2022

Existing guidelines advocate an updated therapeutic algorithm for chronic neuropathic pain (NeP), but pharmacotherapeutic management should be individualized to pain phenotypes to achieve higher efficacy. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of medications, based on NeP phenotypes, and to propose symptom-based pharmacotherapy. This retrospective study was enrolled 265 outpatients with chronic NeP related to spinal disorders. The patients were classified into three groups: spinal cord-related pain, radicular pain, and cauda equina syndrome. Data were obtained from patient-based questionnaires using Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI) and the Brief Scale for Psychiatric Problems in Orthopaedic Patients, and from clinical information. The proportions of patients with ≥ 30% and ≥ 50% reduction in NPSI score for each pain subtype (spontaneous pain, paroxysmal pain, evoked pain, and paresthesia/dysesthesia) and drugs were evaluated. The pain reduction rate was significantly lower in patients with spinal cord-related pain, especially for paresthesia/dysesthesia. For spinal cord-related pain, duloxetine and neurotropin had insufficient analgesic effects, whereas mirogabalin was the most effective. Pregabalin or mirogabalin for radicular pain and duloxetine for cauda equina syndrome are recommended in cases of insufficient analgesic effects with neurotropin. The findings could contribute to better strategies for symptom-based pharmacotherapeutic management.
A method of blasted rock image segmentation based on improved watershed algorithm
Authors: Guo Qinpeng , Wang Yuchen , Yang Shijiao , Xiang Zhibin
Published: May 2022

It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to establish a fast and accurate detection method for particle size of rock fragmentation. This study introduces the Phansalkar binarization method, proposes the watershed seed point marking method based on the solidity of rock block contour, and forms an adaptive watershed segmentation algorithm for blasted rock piles images based on rock block shape, which is to better solve the problem of incorrect segmentation caused by adhesion, stacking and blurred edges in blasted rock images. The algorithm first obtains the binary image after image pre-processing and performs distance transformation; then by selecting the appropriate gray threshold, the adherent part of the distance transformation image, i.e., the adherent rock blocks in the blasted rock image, is segmented and the seed points are marked based on the solidity of the contour calculated by contour detection; finally, the watershed algorithm is used to segment. The area cumulative distribution curve of the segmentation result is highly consistent with the manual segmentation, and the segmentation accuracy was above 95.65% for both limestone and granite for rock blocks with area over 100 cm2, indicating that the algorithm can accurately perform seed point marking and watershed segmentation for blasted rock image, and effectively reduce the possibility of incorrect segmentation. The method provides a new idea for particle segmentation in other fields, which has good application and promotion value.
Generalizing predictions to unseen sequencing profiles via deep generative models
Authors: Oh Min , Zhang Liqing
Published: May 2022

Predictive models trained on sequencing profiles often fail to achieve expected performance when externally validated on unseen profiles. While many factors such as batch effects, small data sets, and technical errors contribute to the gap between source and unseen data distributions, it is a challenging problem to generalize the predictive models across studies without any prior knowledge of the unseen data distribution. Here, this study proposes DeepBioGen, a sequencing profile augmentation procedure that characterizes visual patterns of sequencing profiles, generates realistic profiles based on a deep generative model capturing the patterns, and generalizes the subsequent classifiers. DeepBioGen outperforms other methods in terms of enhancing the generalizability of the prediction models on unseen data. The generalized classifiers surpass the state-of-the-art method, evaluated on RNA sequencing tumor expression profiles for anti-PD1 therapy response prediction and WGS human gut microbiome profiles for type 2 diabetes diagnosis.
Ion selective nano-mesh electrode for long-term continuous monitoring of wastewater quality fabricated using template-guided membrane immobilization
Authors: Wang Tianbao , Cui Can , Huang Yuankai , Fan Yingzheng , Xu Zhiheng , Sarge Logan , Bagtzoglou Christos , Brückner Christian , Gao Puxian , Li Baikun
Published: May 2022

Nano-porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) was used as the template for fabricating ion-selective electrode (ISE) sensors towards long-term continuous monitoring of wastewater quality.
Treatments of wood ash amended biochar to reduce nutrient leaching and immobilise lead, copper, zinc and cadmium in aqueous solution: column experiments
Authors: Cairns Stuart , Robertson Iain , Holliman Peter , Street-Perrott Alayne
Published: May 2022

The pollution of aqueous environments by metals has continued to increase due to anthropogenic activities such as mining, waste disposal, industrial activities and the use of motor vehicles.
Changes in the intestinal microbiota of healthy adults induced by brown yogurt and relationships of bacterial taxa with specific components
Authors: Jiang Tie Min , Liang Yi , Liu Bin , Liu Bi Yuan , Li Xia , Zhao Jun Ying , Li Jian Tao , Liu Yan Pin , Chen Li Jun
Published: May 2022

Brown yogurt (SSN) is rich in prebiotic components of monosaccharides and palmitoleic acid (PA) that were associated with the abundances of Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Coprococcus, all involved in producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
Putting together the puzzle of ion transfer in single-digit carbon nanotubes: mean-field meets ab initio
Authors: Neklyudov Vadim , Freger Viatcheslav
Published: May 2022

Combined ab initio and mean-field modeling successfully explains experimentally observed ion transport phenomena in sub-nanometer carbon nanotube porins, synthetic mimics of biological water channels.
Role of metal and anions in organo-metal halide perovskites CH3NH3MX3 (M: Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Sn, Pb; X: Cl, Br, I) on structural and optoelectronic properties for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Nishat Maliha , Hossain Md. Kamal , Hossain Md. Rakib , Khanom Shamima , Ahmed Farid , Hossain Md. Abul
Published: May 2022

Varying the metal and halide in a perovskite can significantly change the resulting properties.
Tandem-trapped ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry (tTIMS/MS): a promising analytical method for investigating heterogenous samples
Authors: Liu Fanny C. , Ridgeway Mark E. , Park Melvin A. , Bleiholder Christian
Published: May 2022

This review focuses on the instrumental development and potential applications of Tandem-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (tTIMS/MS) for protein structure elucidation.
An ultrasensitive luteolin electrochemical sensor based on a glass carbon electrode modified using multi-walled carbon nanotube-supported hollow cobalt sulfide (CoSx) polyhedron/graphene quantum dot composites
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhao Pengcheng , Wang Chenxi , Wang Yilin , Yang Yaqi , Xie Yixi , Fei Junjie
Published: May 2022

Fabrication of an electrochemical luteolin sensor composed of multi-walled carbon nanotube-supported hollow cobalt sulfide (CoSx) polyhedrons/graphene quantum dots and its application in actual sample detection.
Biorecognition antifouling coatings in complex biological fluids: a review of functionalization aspects
Authors: Víšová Ivana , Houska Milan , Vaisocherová-Lísalová Hana
Published: May 2022

Recent progress in biointerface research has highlighted the role of antifouling functionalizable coatings in the development of advanced biosensors for point-of-care applications dealing with real-world complex samples.
Silyl formates as hydrosilane surrogates for the transfer hydrosilylation of ketones
Authors: Romero R. Martin , Thyagarajan Neethu , Hellou Nora , Chauvier Clément , Godou Timothé , Anthore-Dalion Lucile , Cantat Thibault
Published: May 2022

The transfer hydrosilylation of ketones with silyl formates was unlocked, relying on the crucial role of a cooperative PNHP ligand.
Adsorption of amphiphilic grafted polymers as polymer corrosion inhibitors: insights from mesoscopic simulations
Authors: Díaz Javier , Soltau Marko , Lísal Martin , Carbone Paola , Pagonabarraga Ignacio
Published: May 2022

Dissipative particle dynamics are used to study the conformation and adsorption behaviour of amphiphilic grafted polymers at surfaces. Various morphologies are identified depending on the chemical interactions, grafting density and concentration.
Mechanical relaxation of functionalized carbosilane dendrimer melts
Authors: Sheveleva Nadezhda N. , Dolgushev Maxim , Lähderanta Erkki , Markelov Denis A.
Published: May 2022

Functionalization of the internal structure of dendrimers is a new way to give tailored properties to the dendrimers.
In situ DRIFT studies on N2O formation over Cu-functionalized zeolites during ammonia-SCR
Authors: Isapour Ghodsieh , Wang Aiyong , Han Joonsoo , Feng Yingxin , Grönbeck Henrik , Creaser Derek , Olsson Louise , Skoglundh Magnus , Härelind Hanna
Published: May 2022

The influence of the zeolite framework structure on the formation of N2O during ammonia-SCR of NOx was studied for three different copper-functionalized zeolite samples, namely Cu-SSZ-13 (CHA), Cu-ZSM-5 (MFI), and Cu-BEA (BEA).
Correction: Identifying molecular fluorophore impurities in the synthesis of low-oxygen-content, carbon nanodots derived from pyrene
Authors: Kothalawala Nadeesha L. , Kim Sang Won , Kim Namhee , Henderson Collan J. , Seol Minsu , Yang Fuqian , Kwak Seung-Yeon , Hwang Kyu Young , Son Won-Joon , Shin Hyeon-Jin , Choi Hyeonho , Kim Byeong-Su , Kim Doo Young
Published: May 2022

Correction for ‘Identifying molecular fluorophore impurities in the synthesis of low-oxygen-content, carbon nanodots derived from pyrene’ by Nadeesha L. Kothalawala et al., New J. Chem., 2022, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d2nj00430e.
Ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone mediated by a di-zinc complex bearing a macrocyclic thioether-phenolate [OSSO]-type ligand
Authors: Chen Junwu , Wu Xianmin , Zhang Li , Duan Zhongyu , Liu Binyuan
Published: May 2022

A unique example of zinc bromide complexes bearing a macrocyclic [OSSO]-type thioetherphenolate ligand has been successfully explored toward ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone in the presence of epoxides and onium salts.
A distinctive conversion mechanism for reversible zinc ion storage
Authors: Ma Yandong , Qi Yuruo , Niu Yubin , Liu Yijun , Bao Shujuan , Xu Maowen
Published: May 2022

V2O3@C exhibits a different energy storage mechanism at high voltage from intercalation chemistry (in the low voltage range) with the decomposition and deposition of Zn3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O.
Site-selective rhodium carbene transfer of 2 hydroxy-β-nitrostyrenes with diazo compounds En route to 2-alkylated benzofurans
Authors: Zhang Haiman , Zeng Zhongyi , Yang Yurong , Tang Junyuan , Zhang Silin , Yi Wei , Zhou Zhi
Published: May 2022

The Rh(iii)-catalysed cascade vinylic C–H functionalization/carbene transfer/Michael addition sequence of 2-hydroxy-β-nitrostyrenes has been realized, delivering the 2-alkylated benzofuran derivatives as potential tyrosinase inhibitors.
Controlled release of silibinin in GelMA hydrogels inhibits inflammation by inducing M2-type macrophage polarization and promotes vascularization in vitro
Authors: Xu Weijian , Sun Yingjia , Wang Jia , Wang Baixiang , Xu Fanxing , Xie Zhijian , Wang Yu
Published: May 2022

This study suggests that Sil-GelMA hydrogels have an anti-inflammatory effect and the potential to promote vascularization. These Sil-GelMA hydrogels might provide a promising prospect for prevention of dry sockets in the future.
Hydroxyapatite formation in biomimetic synthesis with the interface of a pDA@SIS membrane
Authors: Zhu Qiuhong , Jiao Hua , Zhao Xiaoliang , Tang Yufei , Zhao Kang , Gou Xingchun
Published: May 2022

Porcine decellularized small intestine submucosa (SIS) is a collagen membrane, which offers great potential as an organic substrate template in mineralization processes due to its good biodegradability and biocompatibility.
Solid oxide fuel cell with a spin-coated yttria stabilized zirconia/gadolinia doped ceria bi-layer electrolyte
Authors: Li Jingyu , Fan Lijun , Hou Nianjun , Zhao Yicheng , Li Yongdan
Published: May 2022

Thin YSZ/GDC bi-layer electrolyte is prepared with the slurry spin coating method for SOFCs, and shows a Pmax of 1480 mW cm−2 at 750 °C.
Hemin-catalyzed oxidative oligomerization ofp-aminodiphenylamine (PADPA) in the presence of aqueous sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) micelles
Authors: Cvjetan Nemanja , Kissner Reinhard , Bajuk-Bogdanović Danica , Ćirić-Marjanović Gordana , Walde Peter
Published: May 2022

Polyaniline emeraldine salt-type products were synthesized under mild, environmentally friendly conditions using hemin as a cost-effective catalyst,p-aminodiphenylamine (PADPA) as a monomer, and micelles formed from SDBS as templates.
Diffusion of dyes in polyelectrolyte-surfactant hydrogels
Authors: Klučáková Martina , Havlíková Martina , Mravec Filip , Pekař Miloslav
Published: May 2022

The suppression of diffusivity of dyes in hydrogels caused by meander of pores, longer path of dyes in hydrogel and interactions of dyes with polyelectrolytes.
Rational design of a self-supporting skeleton decorated with dual lithiophilic Sn-containing and N-doped carbon tubes for dendrite-free lithium metal anodes
Authors: Ge Jiaxiao , Hong Jie , Liu Tiancun , Wang Yong
Published: May 2022

A functional self-supporting skeleton decorated with dual lithiophilic Sn-containing and N-doped carbon tubes (DLCTs) is constructed to inhibit the generation of Li dendrites for stable and dendrite-free Li metal anodes.
Soft double-network polydimethylsiloxane: fast healing of fracture toughness
Authors: Chen Chao , Fei Hua-Feng , Watkins James J. , Crosby Alfred J.
Published: May 2022

A solvent-free, double-network polydimethylsiloxane material composed of a covalent bottlebrush network and a dynamic borate network provides ultra-low stiffness, high toughness, and fast self-healing without stimuli.
Redox catalysis-promoted fast iodine kinetics for polyiodide-free Na–I2 electrochemistry
Authors: Zhang Hong , Shang Zhoutai , Gao Siyuan , Song Bin , Zhang Wenli , Cao Ruiguo , Jiao Shuhong , Cheng Yingwen , Chen Qianwang , Lu Ke
Published: May 2022

Electrochemically reversible I2/I− two-electron conversion and eliminating I3− formation are the ultimate targets for high-performance metal–iodine batteries.
Ratiometric imaging of butyrylcholinesterase activity in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver using an AIE-based fluorescent probe
Authors: Xiang Chunbai , Xiang Jingjing , Yang Xing , Li Chunbin , Zhou Lihua , Jiang Daoyong , Peng Yonglin , Xu Zhen , Deng Guanjun , Zhu Baode , Zhang Pengfei , Cai Lintao , Gong Ping
Published: May 2022

A highly specific fluorescent probe, TB-BChE, with aggregation-induced emission properties for ratiometric imaging of butyrylcholinesterase in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Nitric oxide-propelled nanomotors for bacterial biofilm elimination and endotoxin removal to treat infected burn wounds
Authors: Peng Jiawen , Xie Shuang , Huang Kun , Ran Pan , Wei Junwu , Zhang Zhanlin , Li Xiaohong
Published: May 2022

Biofilm infection is regarded as a major contributing factor to the failure of burn treatment and a persistent inflammatory state delays healing and leads to the formation of chronic wounds.
4-Nitrophenylacetylene-modified Cu2O cubes and rhombic dodecahedra showing superior photocatalytic activity through surface band structure modulation
Authors: Chan Shang-Ju , Kao Jui-Cheng , Chou Po-Jung , Lo Yu-Chieh , Chou Jyh-Pin , Huang Michael H.
Published: May 2022

Inert Cu2O cubes become a superior photocatalyst after surface functionalization with 4-nitrophenylacetylene. This modification changes the surface band structure to facilitate electron transfer to the molecules.
Effective surface passivation of environment-friendly colloidal quantum dots for highly efficient near-infrared photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Yixuan , Tong Xin , Channa Ali Imran , Wang Rui , Zhou Nan , Li Xin , Zhao Hongyang , Huang Yixuan , Wang Zhiming M.
Published: May 2022

Eco-friendly CuInSnSe (CISnSe) QDs with broadband absorption were engineeredviaeffective ZnSe shell passivation to fabricate highly efficient near-infrared photodetectors.
Stretchable, sensitive, flexible strain sensor incorporated with patterned liquid metal on hydrogel for human motion monitoring and human–machine interaction
Authors: Wu Huaping , Qi Hangcheng , Wang Xueer , Qiu Ye , Shi Kuanqiang , Zhang Hengjie , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Wenan , Tian Ye
Published: May 2022

Flexible strain sensors with high strength and sensitivity for human–machine interaction consisting of patterned liquid metal and supramolecular hydrogels are presented.
Recent progress on the effects of impurities and defects on the properties of Ga2O3
Authors: Wang Yifei , Su Jie , Lin Zhenhua , Zhang Jincheng , Chang Jingjing , Hao Yue
Published: May 2022

Herein, the effects of impurities (e.g., donors, acceptors, co-doping impurities, Al and In, and surface passivators) and defects (e.g., intrinsic defects and deep-level defects) on the material properties of Ga2O3 are summarized.
Feasibility and Assessment of a Hybrid Audiology Service Delivery Model for Older Adult Hearing Aid Users: A Pilot Study
Authors: Arnold Michelle L. , Schwartz Breanne , Neil Haley , Chisolm Theresa H. , Sanchez Victoria A.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to provide insight for the feasibility and outcomes of hybrid (combination of in-person office and Internet-based appointments) audiology services.

Method:

This pilot included two phases. First, we surveyed audiologists regarding what elements of a best-practice, in-person delivery of a hearing intervention could be delivered via Internet-based appointments. Next, we piloted the feasibility and assessed outcomes of the procedures identified. Ten first-time hearing aid users aged 70 years and older were fit with Phonak Audeo M90-312T hearing aids. Two Internet-based follow-up appointments were completed using the myPhonak app. We administered the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly–Screening Version (HHIE-S), the Client Oriented Scale of Improvement (COSI), the Quick Speech-in-Noise Test (QuickSIN), and real-ear aided responses (REARs) to determine whether participants experienced improvements on hearing-related outcomes. The Telehealth Acceptance Questionnaire (TAQ) and the Visit-Specific Satisfaction Questionnaire (VSQ-9) were administered to gauge comfort with telehealth and satisfaction with Internet-based appointments.

Results:

Survey results revealed that after an initial in-person appointment, nearly all follow-up hearing intervention components could be delivered remotely. We performed Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests to determine if the baseline and outcome results differed for outcomes. Baseline scores improved after 6 weeks (
p
s = .02 and. 005 for QuickSIN and HHIE-S) for speech-in-noise performance and self-perceived hearing difficulties. REARs from 500 to 4000 Hz measured after 6 weeks did not differ from baseline (
p
s = .612 and .398 for the right and left ears), suggesting no significant deviation from prescriptive targets because of remote fitting adjustments. All participants reported improvement in COSI goals after the intervention. TAQ results suggested that comfort with telehealth improved after attending Internet-based appointments (
p
= .005). VSQ-9 results revealed no differences in reported patient satisfaction between in-person and Internet-based appointments.

Conclusions:

We were able to develop a feasible hybrid audiology service delivery model for older adults. Our results enhance the evidence base for the implementation of telehealth audiology services.
Multiscale depth of anaesthesia prediction for surgery using frontal cortex electroencephalography
Authors: Nsugbe Ejay , Connelly Stephanie
Published: May 2022

Hypnotic and sedative anaesthetic agents are employed during multiple medical interventions to prevent patient awareness. Careful titration of agent dosing is required to avoid negative side effects; the accuracy thereof may be improved by Depth of Anaesthesia Monitoring. This work investigates the potential of a patient specific depth monitoring prediction using electroencephalography recorded neural oscillation from the frontal lobe of 10 patients during sedation, where a comparison of the prediction accuracy was made across five different approaches to post‐processing; Noise Assisted‐Empirical Mode Decomposition, the Raw Signal, Linear Series Decomposition Learner, Deep Wavelet Scattering and Deep Learning features. These methods towards anaesthesia depth prediction were investigated using the Bispectral Index as ground truth, where it was seen that the Raw Signal, enhanced feature set and a low complexity classification model (Linear Discriminant Analysis) provided the best classification accuracy, in the region of 85.65 % ±10.23 % across the 10 subjects. Subsequent work in this area would now build on these results and validate the best performing methods on a wider cohort of patients, investigate means of continuous DoA estimation using regressions, and also feature optimisation exercises in order to further streamline and reduce the computation complexity of the designed model.
A deep near-infrared view of the Ophiuchus galaxy cluster
Authors: Galdeano D. , Coldwell G. , Duplancic F. , Alonso S. , Pereyra L. , Minniti D. , Zelada Bacigalupo R. , Valotto C. , Baravalle L. , Alonso M. V. , Nilo Castellón J. L.
Published: May 2022

Context. The Ophiuchus cluster of galaxies, located at low latitudes in the direction of the Galactic bulge, has been relatively poorly studied in comparison with other rich galaxy clusters, such as Coma, Virgo, and Fornax, despite being the second brightest X-ray cluster in the sky.

Aims. Our aim is perform a study of the hidden galaxy population of the massive cluster Ophiuchus located in the Zone of Avoidance.

Methods. Deep near-infrared images and photometry from the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea eXtended (VVVX) survey were used to detect galaxy member candidates of the Ophiuchus cluster up to 2 Mpc from the cD galaxy 2MASX J17122774-2322108 using criteria from a past paper to select the galaxies among the foreground sources. We also perform a morphological visual classification and generate color-magnitude diagrams and density profiles.

Results. We identify 537 candidate galaxy members of the Ophiuchus cluster up to 2 Mpc from the cD galaxy, increasing by a factor of seven the number of reported Ophiuchus galaxies. In addition, we performed a morphological classification of these galaxy candidates finding that the fraction of ellipticals reaches more than 60% in the central region of the cluster. On the other hand, the fraction of spirals fraction is lower than 20%, remaining almost constant throughout the cluster. Moreover, we study the red sequence of galaxy member candidates and use mock catalogs to explore the density profile of the cluster, finding that the value derived from the mock catalog toward an overdense region is in agreement with the galaxy excess of the central zone of the Ophiuchus cluster.

Conclusions. Our investigation of the hidden population of Ophiuchus galaxies underscores the importance of this cluster as a prime target for future photometric and spectroscopic studies. Moreover the results of this work highlight the potential of the VVVX survey to study extragalactic objects in the Zone of Avoidance.
Horizontal motions in sunspot penumbrae
Authors: Sobotka Michal , Puschmann Klaus G.
Published: May 2022

Context.A model of penumbral filaments represented by magnetoconvective cells was derived recently from spectropolarimetric observations. This model resolves many of the inconsistencies found in the relations between intensity, magnetic, and velocity patterns in sunspot penumbrae.

Aims.High-resolution observations of horizontal motions in the penumbra are needed to complement the concept of penumbrae obtained from spectropolarimetry. Time series of intensity images of a large sunspot in AR 10634 acquired with the Swedish Solar Telescope in theGband and red continuum are analysed. The two simultaneous time series last six hours and five minutes.

Methods.Horizontal motions of penumbral grains (PGs), structures in dark bodies of filaments, the outer penumbral border, andG-band bright points are measured in time slices that cover the whole width of the penumbra and the neighbouring granulation. The spatial and temporal resolutions are 90 km and 20.1 s, respectively.

Results.In the inner penumbra, PGs move towards the umbra (inwards) with a mean speed of −0.7 km s−1. The direction of motion changes from inwards to outwards at approximately 60% of the penumbral width, and the mean speed increases gradually in the outer penumbra, approaching 0.5 km s−1. This speed is also typical of an expansion of the penumbra–granulation border during periods that typically last one hour and are followed by a fast contraction. The majority of theG-band bright points moves away from the sunspot, with a typical speed of 0.6 km s−1. High outward speeds, 3.6 km s−1on average, are observed in dark bodies of penumbral filaments.

Conclusions.According to the model of penumbral filaments, it is suggested that the speeds detected in the dark bodies of filaments are associated with the Evershed flow and that the opposite directions of PG motions in the inner and outer penumbrae may be explained by the interaction of rising plasma in filament heads with a surrounding, differently inclined magnetic field.
Image space branch-reduction-bound algorithm for globally minimizing a class of multiplicative problems
Authors: Jiao Hongwei , Wang Wenjie , Yin Jingben , Shang Youlin
Published: May 2022

This paper presents an image space branch-reduction-bound algorithm for solving a class of multiplicative problems (MP). First of all, by introducing auxiliary variables and taking the logarithm of the objective function, an equivalent problem (EP) of the problem (MP) is obtained. Next, by using a new linear relaxation technique, the parametric linear relaxation programming (PLRP) of the equivalence problem (EP) can be established for acquiring the lower bound of the optimal value to the problem (EP). Based on the characteristics of the objective function of the equivalent problem and the structure of the branch-and-bound algorithm, some region reduction techniques are constructed for improving the convergence speed of the algorithm. Finally, the global convergence of the algorithm is proved and its computational complexity is estimated, and numerical experiments are reported to indicate the higher computational performance of the algorithm.
Der AO CMF Online Campus – Erfahrungen mit onlinebasierten internationalen Fortbildungsveranstaltungen
Authors: Thieringer Florian M. , Röthlisberger Erich , Rüetschi Urs , Figari Marcelo , Girod Sabine
Published: May 2022

Die globale COVID-19 Pandemie stellte in den beiden vergangenen Jahren (2020/2021) vor allem die AO Foundation mit 18000 Mitgliedern und jährlich mehr als 800 internationalen
Fortbildungsveranstaltungen auf eine harte Probe. Bisher lag der Schwerpunkt des AO-Ausbildungskonzeptes auf Präsenzunterricht und Hands-on-Training. Ein Großteil der
Präsenzveranstaltungen musste abgesagt, verschoben oder aufgrund der regionalen Beschränkungen und Schutzmaßnahmen als reine Online- oder Hybridveranstaltungen umorganisiert
werden. AO CMF konnte bereits vor der Pandemie im Bereich der Online-Lehre umfangreiche Erfahrungen sammeln und vermochte den Fortbildungsbetrieb auf reine Online-Veranstaltungen
zügig umzusetzen. Die jährlichen „Flagship-Kurse“ in Davos, bisher reine Präsenzveranstaltungen, wurden 2020 pandemiebedingt als internetbasierte Fortbildungsveranstaltungen
durchgeführt. Mit „The Traveling Mandible“ wurde erstmals in der Geschichte der AO eine internationale 24-h-Live-Veranstaltung mit Hunderten von Teilnehmern ins Internet
übertragen. Als neues Fort- und Weiterbildungsformat konnten sich die interaktiven „AO CMF Study Clubs“ als Online-Fortbildungs- und Diskussionsforen etablieren, die an
verschiedenen internationalen Zentren monatlich mit ausgewählten externen Experten durchgeführt werden. Der Online-Kongress „Global Oral Oncology and Reconstruction“ (AO CMF
Asia-Pacific) im März 2021 war mit über 1000 internationalen Teilnehmern der bisher meistbesuchte Online-Anlass der AO. Bei allen Einschränkungen der Pandemie, vor allem in Bezug
auf AO-Fortbildungsaktivitäten im Präsenzformat, hatte diese Zeit auch positive Auswirkungen auf die Erfahrungen der AO Faculty im Bereich Online-Lehre. „AO CMF Online Campus“,
„From the Frontline“, „Study Clubs“, Facebook Discussion Groups und die myAO-Online-Plattform sind nur einige Themen, die nicht zuletzt durch das Verbot von Präsenzveranstaltungen
einen substanziellen Schub in den letzten beiden Jahren erfahren haben. In diesem Artikel werden die Aspekte der pandemiebedingten Transformation zur Online-Lehre diskutiert und
die Erfahrungen aus der Perspektive von AO CMF beschrieben.
Die Rechtsfrage: Darf ich für verschiedene Zielgruppen die Preise erhöhen?
Authors: Schlegel Thomas
Published: May 2022

„Ich plane, in einer Region zu arbeiten, in der Einheimische deutlich weniger verdienen als beispielsweise Tourist*innen. Darf ich daher von Tourist*innen, die zu mir in die Behandlung kommen, für gleiche private Therapieleistungen andere Preise verlangen? Ich überlege auch, wegen des Gender-Pay-Gap bei Männern einen höheren Preis zu erheben als bei Frauen.“

Therapeutin aus Berlin
Syndesmosenverletzungen – operative und konservative Therapie
Authors: Walther Markus , Hörterer Hubert , Gottschalk Oliver
Published: May 2022

Wird eine Syndesmosenverletzung nicht adäquat behandelt, droht Sportlern das Ende der Karriere. Daher sollten auch Physiotherapeuten und andere Betreuer wissen, welche Behandlungsmöglichkeiten es gibt. Eine Übersicht.
Die klinische Diagnostik des Handgelenks
Authors: Kling Anna , Kling Markus
Published: May 2022

Schmerzen am Handgelenk sind ein häufiges Problem bei Sportlern und können unterschiedliche Ursachen haben. Welche Strukturen betroffen sind, kann man mit validen Testverfahren herausfinden – vorausgesetzt, man kennt die anatomischen Strukturen und die Biomechanik der Hand.
Screening von Sprunggelenksverletzungen am Spielfeldrand
Authors: Thiesmeyer Benjamin
Published: May 2022

Sportphysiotherapeuten müssen im Fall einer Sprunggelenksverletzung schnelle Entscheidungen treffen. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Unfallmechanismen, klinische Präsentationen und relevante Screeningtests für eine optimale Versorgung am Spielfeldrand.
Explaining automated decision-making: a multinational study of the GDPR right to meaningful information
Authors: Dexe Jacob , Franke Ulrik , Söderlund Kasia , van Berkel Niels , Jensen Rikke Hagensby , Lepinkäinen Nea , Vaiste Juho
Published: May 2022

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) establishes a right for individuals to get access to information about automated decision-making based on their personal data. However, the application of this right comes with caveats. This paper investigates how European insurance companies have navigated these obstacles. By recruiting volunteering insurance customers, requests for information about how insurance premiums are set were sent to 26 insurance companies in Denmark, Finland, The Netherlands, Poland and Sweden. Findings illustrate the practice of responding to GDPR information requests and the paper identifies possible explanations for shortcomings and omissions in the responses. The paper also adds to existing research by showing how the wordings in the different language versions of the GDPR could lead to different interpretations. Finally, the paper discusses what can reasonably be expected from explanations in consumer oriented information.
Fluid flow rate and shear stresses affect endothelial cell responses
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: May 2022

A new model leads to a better understanding of vascular network formation and sustenance.
Tight-binding band structure of β- and α-phase Ga2O3 and Al2O3
Authors: Zhang Y. , Liu M. , Jena D. , Khalsa G.
Published: May 2022

Rapid design and development of the emergent ultrawide-bandgap semiconductors Ga2O3 and Al2O3 require a compact model of their electronic structures, accurate over the broad energy range accessed in future high-field, high-frequency, and high-temperature electronics and visible and ultraviolet photonics. A minimal tight-binding model is developed to reproduce the first-principles electronic structures of the β- and α-phases of Ga2O3 and Al2O3 throughout their reciprocal spaces. Application of this model to α-Ga2O3/α-Al2O3 superlattices reveals that intersubband transitions can be engineered to the 1.55μm telecommunications wavelength, opening new directions in oxide photonics. Furthermore, by accurately reproducing the bandgap, orbital character, effective mass, and high-energy features of the conduction band, this compact model will assist in the investigation and design of the electrical and optical properties of bulk materials, devices, and quantum confined heterostructures.
Low energy dissipation superconducting flywheel based on structural design
Authors: Ma Yanbin , Zhang Baoqiang , Zhao Hongwei , Zhang Xingyi
Published: May 2022

Superconducting flywheels have potential application value in aerospace field, and its suspension time is a key factor. Alternating Current (AC) loss associated with rotation is an important parameter that affects the suspension time, so it is very important to study how to reduce the AC loss. Recently, a method of preparing YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) high-temperature superconducting flywheels by Direct-Ink-Writing (DIW) 3D printing was developed. In this paper, the circular hole superconducting flywheel prepared by this method is optimized by the idea of structural optimization. Based on the finite element method, the AC loss before and after optimization is calculated and analyzed. It is found that the elliptical holes make the superconducting flywheel have lower AC loss than circular holes, with a reduction of 58.49%. Then, the YBCO superconducting flywheel with an optimized elliptical structure was prepared by the DIW 3D printing method. The magnetic levitation experiment found that the levitation time of the optimized superconducting flywheel was increased to 162 s compared with the previous 120 s under the same conditions, and the optimized structure had a higher levitation mass ratio. It provides theoretical and experimental support for reducing the AC loss of superconductors by applying the idea of structural optimization design in engineering practice.
Numerical simulation of fragment impacting solid rocket motors
Authors: Wang Zhejun , Qiang Hongfu , Geng Biao , Geng Tingjing
Published: May 2022

For the initiation characteristics of solid rocket motors (SRMs) filled with high-energy solid propellant under fragment impact, the related theoretical critical criterion for shock initiation was established based on the critical energy criterion and equivalent analysis method. Afterward, numerical simulation of fragment impacting SRM was carried out by using the ANSYS/LS-DYNA software and the nonlinear finite element method. Based on the calculated pressure and reactivity in the high-energy solid propellant grain, the shock critical initiation velocity of SRM and its variation with different forms of fragments and impact conditions were determined. It is found that the numerical simulation results under typical conditions are in good agreement with the data calculated with the developed theoretical critical criterion for shock initiation of SRM. However, the shock initiation mechanism becomes more complex when the case thickness of SRM increases to more than 5 mm; thus, the applicability of the developed theoretical critical criterion reduces. Moreover, it is found that all the case thickness, fragment shape, material properties of the fragment, and impact attitude can significantly affect the shock critical initiation velocity of SRM, even the initiation position and time. First, the critical velocity increases linearly with the increase in case thickness, and the increment rate is faster beyond the thickness of 6 mm. Second, the shock critical initiation velocity induced by fragments with different shapes is as follows: spherical fragment > cubic fragment > cylindrical fragment, while the initiation capacity of different fragment materials is ranked as follows: tungsten alloy > 45 steel > 2024 aluminum. Third, the effects of impact attitude on the shock critical initiation velocity, position and time are complex, and these effects are also influenced by fragment shape. When the impact angle is less than 60°, there is a higher shock critical initiation velocity of SRM under inclined impact than that under positive impact. In addition, the critical velocity induced by cubic fragment is the highest under the combination of vertex impact and positive impact. The variation of the critical velocity under this condition is approximately consistent with that by impacting with cylindrical fragment. Furthermore, when the impact angle is greater than 60°, the shock critical initiation velocity of SRM is less obviously influenced by impact attitude and fragment shape. Meanwhile, the critical velocity decreases sharply under this condition, which indicates that it is easier for SRM to detonate.
Observation of dislocations in thick β-Ga2O3 single-crystal substrates using Borrmann effect synchrotron x-ray topography
Authors: Yao Yongzhao , Hirano Keiichi , Sugawara Yoshihiro , Sasaki Kohei , Kuramata Akito , Ishikawa Yukari
Published: May 2022

We performed Borrmann effect x-ray topography (XRT) to observe dislocations and other structural defects in a thick β-Ga2O3 (001) substrate. The Borrmann effect was realized by working in a symmetrical Laue geometry (g = 020). Anomalous transmission occurred under the exact Bragg condition, producing a strong diffraction beam that allowed us to image defects across the entire thickness of the substrate. The analysis clearly revealed straight b-axis screw-type and curved dislocations and allowed assessing the corresponding behaviors. Other structural defects, including pipe-shaped voids and dislocation loops produced by mechanical damage, were also observed. Finally, we compared Borrmann effect transmission topography and conventional reflection topography and explained the appearance of some characteristic defects in the two modes. Our results show that Borrmann effect XRT is a powerful and effective technique to study the spatial distribution and structural properties of defects in highly absorbing β-Ga2O3.
Nonlinear dynamic thermometry: Temperature measurement using immobilized magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Jingxin , Zhang Zhihui , Xie Qingguo , Liu Wenzhong
Published: May 2022

We present a new method for measuring the temperature of magnetic nanoparticles that can also be adapted to immobilized particles. The Néel relaxation mechanism, which dominates the dynamic magnetization process of immobilized magnetic nanoparticles, can be used as an intermediate parameter in a sensing model to obtain temperature information. In this paper, we use the nonlinear response properties of magnetic nanoparticles to derive an analytical expression for the relationship between the phase of cubic susceptibility and temperature. We also consider dipole–dipole interactions and the dependence on field amplitude. Under experimental conditions at selected frequencies and field amplitudes, we compare temperature measurements of magnetic nanoparticles obtained with the proposed thermometry model with those obtained from existing nonlinear dielectric relaxation models. The results show that the temperature measurements obtained from the proposed model are closer to the reference temperatures in the temperature range of 308–353 K, with a standard deviation of less than 0.1 K in the temperature measurement. This new method successfully applies the nonlinear properties of magnetic nanoparticles to high-precision dynamic temperature measurements. It extends the applicability range of temperature measurement methods to conditions with strong interactions or large ac field amplitudes. This new method is expected to be applicable in anti-magnetic environments, for example, in biochemical temperature measurements of magnetically labeled cells in vivo.
Experimental analysis and prediction for the bonding strength of steel cord of conveyor belt under the temperature influence
Authors: Chen Hongyue , Chen Hongyan , Li Pengfei , Liu Sizhe
Published: May 2022

To research the effect of temperature on the interfacial bonding strength of the steel cord rubber conveyor belt, an electronic universal material testing machine and a temperature control box were used as the test equipment. The withdrawal force of the steel cord skeleton of the rubber conveyor belt was tested in the temperature range of −30 °C to +40 °C. Concurrently, the interfacial morphology between the steel cord and rubber at different temperatures was observed by using an ultra deep field electron microscope. Finally, different bonding strength prediction models were established. The results show that the variation trend of the steel cord withdrawal force with displacement is the same at different temperatures. With the increase in temperature, the interfacial bonding strength between the steel cord and the rubber matrix decreases gradually; the second-order polynomial bonding strength prediction model can meet the prediction requirements of the steel cord bonding strength at different temperatures, and the errors are controlled within 5%.
Parameters influencing the maturation of bovine oocyte: a review
Authors: Duarte-da-Fonseca Dias Sandra , Palmeira-de-Oliveira Ana , Rolo Joana , Gomes-Ruivo Patrícia , Hélio Oliani António , Palmeira-de-Oliveira Rita , Martinez-de-Oliveira José , Pinto-de-Andrade Luís
Published: May 2022

During the past decades, pharmaceutical companies have been making efforts to find alternative methods to animal-based tests. Several tests have been proposed as models for in vitro testing, including oocyte and bovine embryo produced in vitro in developmental toxicity screening. Under optimal experimental conditions, the in vitro maturation rate of bovine oocytes approaches 90%, the fertilisation rate is close to 80%; however, the success in progressing to blastocyst is almost half of those, attaining only 30–40%. It is also known that after in vivo insemination of normally cycling cows, approximately 85% of the ovulated oocytes will develop into an embryo. In contrast to this, in most in vitro production practises, only 15–20% of the oocytes punctured yield transferable embryos. In fact, from oocyte to embryo development, the competency of the female gamete is mandatory to assure the repeatability and feasibility of the results. The developmental competency of an oocyte can be influenced by several factors, including external components: such as the age of the cow, its nutritional status, body condition score, genetic merit for milk yield, proper function of intracellular molecular mechanisms, as well as the season. In this review, the factors influencing the quality of bovine oocytes that could possibly influence the success of producing embryos in vitro are highlighted.