bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Processes of believing: Where do they come from? What are they good for?
Authors: Seitz Rüdiger J. , Paloutzian Raymond F. , Angel Hans-Ferdinand
Published: January 2017

Despite the long scholarly discourse in Western theology and philosophy on religion, spirituality, and faith, explanations of what a belief and what believing is are still lacking. Recently, cognitive neuroscience research addressed the human capacity of believing. We present evidence suggesting that believing is a human brain function which results in probabilistic representations with attributes of personal meaning and value and thereby guides individuals’ behavior. We propose that the same mental processes operating on narratives and rituals constitute belief systems in individuals and social groups. Our theoretical model of believing is suited to account for secular and non-secular belief formation.
To 'take their place among the productive members of society': Vocational rehabilitation of WWI wounded at Erskine
Authors: Novotny Jennifer
Published: January 2017

In 1916, the foundation of the Princess Louise Scottish Hospital for Limbless Sailors and Soldiers (still in existence today as Erskine), on the banks of the River Clyde in Scotland, was a direct response to the need for specialised medical facilities to deal with the unprecedented number of injured service personnel returning from the Great War. At the hospital, the West of Scotland medical and industrial communities came together to mend broken bodies with prosthetic technology, as well as physical and mental rehabilitation to prepare the limbless to re-enter the job market. This paper explores the establishment of manual therapy workshops at Erskine and how such programmes of vocational rehabilitation were culturally informed by the concerns and anxieties of both the military and civilian populations of the First World War-era.
Two versions of ecosophy: Arne Næss, Félix Guattari, and their connection with semiotics
Authors: Levesque Simon
Published: January 2017

This paper adopts a comparative approach in order to appreciate the distinct contributions of Arne Næss and Félix Guattari to ecosophy and their respective connections to semiotics. The foundational holistic worldview and dynamics ecosophy propounds show numerous connections with semiotics. The primary objective of this paper is to question the nature and value of these connections. Historically, the development of ecosophy was always faced with modelling and communication issues, which constitute an obvious common ground shared with semiotics. As a means to an end, ecosophy settled to develop a thoughtful axiology based on ecological wisdom and promote it bottom-up. Political activism notwithstanding, semiotics also deals with value: sign value and meaning. In this respect, semiotics is inherently axiological, but most often this dimension is effaced or muted. Emphasizing the axiological dimension of semiotics helps understand how dominant significations, habits, and values are established, and enlighten the crucial part it could play in the humanities and beyond by partly coalescing with ecosophy. As the complementarity of both traditions is appreciated, the plausibility of a merger is assessed. Arguably, ecosophy is axiomatized semiotics. From this novel perspective, one can see human communities as dynamically partaking in signifying processes, in a space that is at once an ecosphere, a semiosphere, and a vast political territory. As there is growing evidence that environmental degradation lessens our quality of life and the sustainability of our communities, ecosophy might help reform values and practices.
Internet memes as internet signs: A semiotic view of digital culture
Authors: Cannizzaro Sara
Published: January 2017

This article argues for a clearer framework of internet-based “memes”. The science of memes, dubbed ‘memetics’, presumes that memes remain “copying units” following the popularisation of the concept in Richard Dawkins’ celebrated work, The Selfish Gene (1976). Yet Peircean semiotics and biosemiotics can challenge this doctrine of information transmission. While supporting a precise and discursive framework for internet memes, semiotic readings reconfigure contemporary formulations to the – now-established – conception of memes. Internet memes can and should be conceived, then, as habit-inducing sign systems incorporating processes involving asymmetrical variation. So, drawing on biosemiotics, Tartu-Moscow semiotics, and Peircean semiotic principles, and through a close reading of the celebrated 2011 Internet meme Rebecca Black’s Friday, this article proposes a working outline for the definition of internet memes and its applicability for the semiotic analysis of texts in new media communication.
Simulation-Based Optimization: Achieving Computational Efficiency Through the Use of Multiple Simulators
Authors: Osorio Carolina , Selvam Krishna Kumar
Published: January 2017

Transportation agencies often resort to the use of traffic simulation models to evaluate the impacts of changes in network design or network operations. They often have multiple traffic simulation tools that cover the network area where changes are to be made. These multiple simulators may differ in their modeling assumptions (e.g., macroscopic versus microscopic), in their reliability (e.g., quality of their calibration), as well as in their modeling scale (e.g., city-scale versus regional-scale). The choice of which simulation model to rely on, let alone of how to combine their use, is intricate. A larger-scale model may, for instance, capture more accurately the local-global interactions; yet may do so at a greater computational cost. This paper proposes an optimization framework that enables multiple simulation models to be jointly and efficiently used to address continuous urban transportation optimization problems.

We propose a simulation-based optimization algorithm that embeds information from both a high-accuracy low-efficiency simulator and a low-accuracy high-efficiency simulator. At every iteration, the algorithm decides which simulator to evaluate. This decision is based on an analytical approximation of the accuracy loss as a result of running the lower-accuracy model. We formulate an analytical expression that is based on a differentiable and computationally efficient to evaluate traffic assignment model. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm with a traffic signal control problem on both a small network and a city network. We show that the proposed algorithm identifies signal plans with excellent performance, and can do so at a significantly lower computational cost than when systematically running the high-accuracy simulator.

The proposed methodology contributes to enable large-scale high-resolution traffic simulation models to be used efficiently for simulation-based optimization. More broadly, it enables the use of multiple simulation models that may differ, for instance, in their scale, their resolution, or their computational costs, to be used jointly for optimization.
A persistent irritation
Authors: Watson Rebecca
Published: January 2017

Rebecca Watson takes a closer look at ringworm
THE REALLOCATTION OF THE ANT SPECIES Dinoponera lucida EMERY (FORMICIDAE: PONERINAE) POPULATION INCREASING ITS LOCAL GENETIC DIVERSITY
Authors: Simon Sabrina Soares , Teixeira Marcos Da Cunha , Salomão Tânia
Published: January 2017

The aim of the current study is to describe the genetic consequences of the reallocation process in order to preserve an entire Dinoponera lucida Emery, 1901 population. The sample collection and the mitochondrial data analysis were conducted before and after the reallocation of nests in two conservation unities in Espírito Santo State, Southeastern Brazil. The data analysis showed that the genetic variability inside the forest fragmentation has considerably increased above the natural levels. The importance of the present study relies on information and notifications about the herein studied populations, which will be provided to future studies.
Phorid Flies Parasitizing Leaf-Cutting Ants: Their Occurrence, Parasitism Rates, Biology and the First Account of Multiparasitism
Authors: Bragança Marcos Antonio Lima , Arruda Filipe Viegas , Souza Lana Rubia Rocha , Martins Hendria Cirqueira , Della Lucia Terezinha Maria Castro
Published: January 2017

The leaf-cutting ants Atta sexdens (Linnaeus) and Atta laevigata (Smith) were parasitized by the following phorid flies: Apocephalus attophilus Borgmeier, Apocephalus vicosae Disney, Myrmosicarius grandicornis Borgmeier and species of Eibesfeldtphora Disney. It is also related here that the area of occurrence of phorids parasitizing A. sexdens was extended to include Central Brazil. The rate of parasitism on A. sexdens was three times lower than the rate found on A. laevigata; most common flies were, respectively, M. grandicornis in A. sexdens and A. attophilus in A. laevigata. This last phorid showed the shortest life span but the higher percentage of emergence. Multiparasitism on workers of A. sexdens and of A. laevigata involving three combinations of four phorid species was rare and is here related for the first time for leaf-cutting ants.
Nesting Biology and Seasonality of Long-Horned Bee Eucera nigrilabris Lepeletier (Hymenoptera, Apidae)
Authors: Shebl Mohamed
Published: January 2017

We provide information on the nesting behavior, seasonality and nest soli type characteristics of Eucera nigrilabris Lepeletier, 1841 in Egypt. A nest was discovered in a canal bank in Abbis Village, Alexandria, Western Egypt. The species is protandrous, univoltine, ground nesting species. The bees built deep nests about 85cm under the ground and consisted of lined, branched tunnel with many cell. The bees start fly by end of January until end of March and active in winter seasons. The soil of the nest has yellow color, sandy loam texture, low salinty and sodicity, and low calcium carbonate content. The bee distrbiution was influnced by the soil with high content of sodium carbonate. The bees forage on the wild flora of the family Asteraceae carriyng a yellow pollen load. There is no any record of a cleptoparasitism around the nesting area.
Ants Visible from Space Influence Soil Properties and Vegetation in Steppe Rangelands of Iran
Authors: Majer Jonathan David , Agosti Donat
Published: January 2017

Messor nests in Iranian steppe rangelands can be so large that they are visible from space. When compared with reference soils, nest soil is higher in nutrients and lower in pH. Ant nests also homogenise the nutrients throughout the upper soil profile, although this effect diminished when nests are abandoned. The denuded circles around nests are surrounded by rings of vegetation that differ in species composition from that of the surrounding vegetation, while abandoned nests are colonized by a different range of plant species. Data on the density and abundance of Messor cf. intermedius nests indicate that the soil in less than 1% of the area is impacted, although the cumulative effect of so many nests influences the plant species and vegetation structure of the region. The data indicate the importance of these ants in altering soil chemical composition and plant diversity, which could have flow-on effects to the diversity of animals.
New records of social wasps around Brasília (Hymenoptera; Vespidae; Polistinae)
Authors: Raw Anthony
Published: January 2017

The aim of the present work was to discover how many species inhabit the environs of Brasília.  Being an approximate rectangle in the middle of the Cerrado biome, the Federal District of Brasília is a representative “quadrat” to sample the biome’s fauna.
Transformations in Argentina's Capitalist Development since the Neoliberal Age: Limits and Possibilities of a Peripheral Development Strategy
Authors: Mariano Féliz
Published: January 2017

Capitalism in Argentina underwent some important transformations between the neoliberal era (1975–2001) and the new, neodevelopmentalist one (2002–2015). These changes constituted a new mode of peripheral participation of Argentina's economy that has novelties as well as strong continuities, where State form and modes of intervention change. We'll show how this project of development reproduces, in a new context, and within new structural and subjective/political conditions, the historical process of combined and uneven development in Argentina. We propose to analyze such transformation, and assess their limitations for creating a sustainable option for capitalist reproduction in Argentina. Our analysis will provide an alternative view of recent capitalist developments in Argentina that combine the process of class formation, class struggle and political conflict, with the structural tendencies of changing global capitalism.
The Age of Large-Population Countries and Marxian Optimal Growth Theory
Authors: Hiroshi Onishi  , Ryo Kanae
Published: January 2017

While it appears that small-population economies were advantageous for growth when Asia's newly industrialized economies (NIEs) were expanding rapidly, we are now seeing a different trend in which large-population countries like China and India have become the most rapidly growing nations in the world. This is true for the BRIC states (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) as a whole. Brazil and Russia also have large populations of over 100 million, and their geopolitical and economic influence is crucial. This is one of the most important features of the present geopolitical economy. The present article first demonstrates this trend statistically and then proposes the hidden historical law underlying these phenomena. This anti-Malthusian law can be explained by Marxian optimal growth theory, as developed by our research group. This shows that each country experiences its own rapid growth phase over a certain period and finally realizes a higher per capita GDP similar to that of the present advanced nations. Under this trend, GDP balance among countries will become closer to the population balance among countries. It should be a much more equal world.
Endothelial function in men with type 2 diabetes without clinical signs of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Khripun Irina Alexandrovna , Vorobyev Sergey Vladislavovich , Morgunov Maxim Nikolaevich , Kogan Michail Iosifovich
Published: January 2017

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease that is based on endothelial dysfunction (ED). Currently, conventional diagnostic methods are unreliable, especially at early stages of disease.Aims. The aim of this work was to assess endothelial function in men with T2DM without clinical signs of cardiovascular disease.Materials and methods. The study included 100 patients (mean age, 54.3 ± 5.3 years) with a T2DM duration of less than 10 years and without signs of cardiovascular disease. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 60 patients with a T2DM duration of less than five years. Group 2 included 40 men with a history of diabetes between 5 and 10 years. Endothelial function was assessed by the levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelial NO synthase type 3 (eNOS3), ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, P-selectin, resistin and C-reactive protein and the arterial vasoreactivity of the brachial artery (BA) using the D. Celermajer method.Results. Results revealed decreases in levels of both eNOS3 by 2.5 fold (P = 0.0005) and NO by 1.9 fold (P = 0.043) in group 2 patients, compared to those in group 1 patients. When the duration of diabetes was greater than five years, levels of VCAM-1, resistin and C-reactive protein increased by 12.1% (P = 0.048), 62% (P = 0.01) and 45.6%, respectively. Additionally, the time until maximal BA vasodilatation during reactive hyperemia was observed to be higher in group 2 [105 (90; 180) seconds] than those in group 1 [90 (60; 120) seconds].Conclusions. Biochemical and imaging signs of ED begin to appear in the first five years of T2DM, long before clinical manifestations. The earliest symptoms are decreases in eNOS3 and NO levels, increases in VCAM-1 and resistin concentrations and increased time until maximal BA vasodilatation during reactive hyperemia.
Comparative analysis of glycemic control effectiveness and microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, treated with genetically engineered human insulin or human insulin analogues: A 10-year retrospective observational study
Authors: Shestakova Marina V. , Efremova Natalia V. , Bolotskaya Lubov L. , Sklyanik Igor A. , Philippov Yury I. , Dedov Ivan Iю
Published: January 2017

The treatment of diabetes mellitus generally involves genetically engineered human insulin (GICH) or genetically engineered analogues of human insulin (AIC). Compared to GICH, AIC better physiologically mimics endogenous insulin functionally. It would thus be logical to assume that long-term (multi-year) application of AIC leads to a lower incidence of diabetic angiopathy compared to GICH. To date, however, no long-term comparisons of both classes of insulin preparations (in terms of efficacy of glycemic control or incidence of microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes) have been performed.
Aims. To retrospectively compare the efficacy of glycemic control and incidence of microvascular complications (nephropathy and retinopathy) in patients with type 1 diabetes treated for at least 10 years with either GICH or AIC.
Materials and methods. Based on data from electronic databases (diabetes registry) from several regions within the Russian Federation, the following patient samples were examined (n=260): group 1 received GICH for 10 years (n = 130) and group 2 received AIC for 10 years (n = 130). Patients in both groups underwent pairwise matching for baseline clinical characteristics (sex, age of diabetes onset, duration of disease and HbA1clevel). All patients were observed by endocrinologists in the clinic.
Results. After 10 years of follow up, HbA1с levels declined more significantly in group 2 than in group 1 (1.30% vs. 0.81%, respectively, P 0.05). By the end of the observation period, the presence of diabetic retinopathy (any stage) increased in both groups and was not significantly different between groups; the presence of diabetic nephropathy was also increased in both groups, but the increase was significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1 (20.5% vs. 33.9%, respectively, P 0.05). Overall, the risk of microvascular complications was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 [HR (hazard ratio): 1.84; 95% CI: 1.372.48), specifically, the risk of diabetic retinopathy (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 0.981.90).
Conclusions. A 10-year retrospective analysis of patients treated with AIC for type 1 diabetes in the clinic showed a significantly more effective reduction in HbA1c levels and a lower incidence of diabetic nephropathy, compared with patients treated with GICH.
Evaluation of the protective effect of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum on cadmium testicular toxicity and Nrf2 gene expression in albino rats
Authors: Ibrahim Samer , Y.Abo-Kora Seham
Published: January 2017

Cadmium is an industrial pollutant that may exert specific toxic effect on mammals. The aim of study was to investigate the protective effect of Cinnamon on male reproductive system of albino rat induced by cadmium toxicity. Forty male albino rats were divided into 4 groups. 1st Â Group administrated saline and kept as control.2nd Group administrated 200mg/kg / day Cinnamon extract. 3rd Group administrated 20mg/kg/day cadmium chloride.4th Group administrated 200mg/kg/day Cinnamon extract and 20mg/kg/day cadmium chloride orally for 8 weeks. . Our results revealed significant decrease in testosterone hormone level, sperm viability, and significant increase in sperm abnormality. An increase in expression of Nrf2 gene was recorded. Pathological changes in testes showed focal degeneration with loss of spermatogenic series in the seminiferous tubules. All of the above mentioned results were significantly improved in 4th group. In conclusion, Cinnamon extract has a protective effect on the testicular damage induced by cadmium chloride.
El largo viaje: Los esquemas de coordinación de la educación superior chilena en perspectiva
Authors: Salazar Jose M. , Leihy Peodair S.
Published: January 2017

Es más o menos evidente que la educación superior chilena presenta un alto nivel de “privatismo” (Brunner, 2009), que la sitúan entre las más privatizadas del mundo, en términos de quien paga por ella, quien se beneficia directamente de su acción y quien detenta el control de las universidades. No es tan clara, sin embargo, la contribución de la política pública a ese estado de cosas. El análisis sistemático de la acción estatal en el campo de la educación terciaria es todavía un ejercicio inconcluso en Chile, a pesar de la revolucionaria transformación que ella ha experimentado durante las últimas décadas. Este estudio ofrece nuevas posibilidades de análisis para la revisión del caso chileno. Apoyándose en las orientaciones metodológicas de Smelser (2013), produce un marco integrado que observa el progresivo cambio de las políticas a propósito de las interacciones que se plantean entre sus principales dimensiones (de acceso, financiamiento y calidad, entre otras). Sobre esa base, describe la trayectoria de dos regímenes de regulación sectorial que se van integrando progresivamente en tres etapas, primero por falta de mantención del marco regulatorio, luego por decisión de los gobiernos. En fin, constata que están dadas las condiciones para que la política sectorial entre en una nueva era, una en que el desarrollo de las universidades podría volver a depender fundamentalmente del estado.
On affectivity and preference in responses to rejection
Authors: Couper-Kuhlen Elizabeth
Published: January 2017

This paper explores the conversation-analytic notion of preference as it applies to the set of affect displays made relevant by the unequivocal rejection of a request or proposal in everyday English conversation. Findings so far indicate that different affect displays on rejection finalizers are realized
Shaping Nursing Professional Skills with the use of the Method of Nursing Process as well as Diagnoses and Nursing Interventions According to ICNP Oriented on the Female Patient with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Głowacka Mariola , Kalinowska Agnieszka
Published: January 2017

Introduction. In order to achieve a learning success by a nurse during the pre- and post-graduate education, it is useful to apply the method of case studies using the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) or the traditional model of the nursing process.Case Report. The patient in good general condition, with overweight. Nourished orally, the patient shows a standard swallowing reflex. There are appetite disorders. Periodically, there occur constipation and urine retention. The patient shows increased risk of urinary tract infections due to self catheterization. Physical fitness limited because of the paresis of the right lower limb. Body balance impaired. The patient moves with the assistance from one person. She uses auxiliary means to move. On the Barthel Scale the patient scored 50 points, which indicates that she needs assistance in the performance of daily activities.Discussion. In the patient with multiple sclerosis there occurred nursing problems, in particular: reduction of capacity in terms of self-care and self-nursing, difficulty in performing daily activities, difficulty with communicating, urine residual in the bladder, constipation, the possibility of contractures, the possibility of eating disorders, discomfort caused by increased sweating, depressed mood, pain in bones and joints.Conclusions. Referring to diagnoses and ICNP interventions in the process of nursing it has been confirmed that the nursing care of the patient with MS is based on a holistic approach to the patient. All spheres of patient’s life regarding biological, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual aspects were included in it. (JNNN 2015;4(2):76–84)
Factors Determining the Assessment of Quality of Life Made by Patients Who Have Had a Stroke
Authors: Stelmach Aleksandra , Lorencowicz Regina , Jasik Józef , Turowski Krzysztof
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Increasingly, studies relating to the consequences of chronic neurological diseases depart from the principle of exclusively biological evaluation of human health and a more holistic point of view is adopted, in which particural attention is drawn to the emotional experience of patients, their well-being and ability to function in daily life.Aim. This work aims at analysing the factors determining the assessment of the quality of life made by patients who have had a stroke.Materials and Methods. The study group consisted of 95 post-stroke patients. The research was carried out by means of: Ferrans & Powers Quality of Life Index — version III, evaluating the overall quality of life and the quality of life in terms of health and functional, socio-economic, psycho-spiritual as well as family aspects. The study also included the Acceptance of Ilness Scale (AIS) and Functional Indicator “Repty”.Results. The studies showed significant (p=0.006) differences in the level of acceptance of the disease by respondents with different degrees of functional capacity. As a necessary condition for fulfillment in life, 91.6% of respondents indicated the possibility of work continuing. For 84.20% of respondents good relationships with children were necessary for their fulfilment in life. 80% of the study population included health as an element of basic welfare. For 78.90% of respondents hapiness of their families was necessary to achieve their own happiness, and approximately three-quarters of respondents considered religious practices to be very important for their self-fulfilment (75.80%), health of immediate family (75.80%) and getting rid of chronic pain (74.70%).Conclusions. 1) The ability to function independently favours the acceptance of the consequences of stroke. 2) The biggest problem with adjusting to the new reality of living with the disease referred to those respondents who were independent but in some activities had to rely on the assistance from others. 3) More than ninety per cent of respondents as a prerequisite for fulfillment in life pointed to the possibility to continue working. 4) The quality of life perceived is drastically reduced in patients who had a stroke within the period ranging from three months to a year before participation in the study. 5) The reduced sense of well-being of the respondents was mostly affected by the negative impact of the growing problems in performing basic activities of daily life, particularly in terms of health and functioning. 6) The functional capacity limited after the stroke and the problems with the acceptance of the disease do not disturb, according to patients’ assessment, family relationships. (JNNN 2016;5(4):136–143)
Neurologopedic Correlates of Cognitive Ageing and Dementia
Authors: Rosińczuk Joanna , Kazimierska-Zając Magdalena , Dymarek Robert
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Aging is the subject of interest of many fields of science. Equal place of neurologopedic studies donot raise doubts today — patients followed for deterioration not only of elementary cognitive functions as memory, perception and attention, but also higher as thinking and language. Among people over 65 years old thespectrum of efficiency of cognitive functions can range from a lack of significant disorders through mild dysfunctionto the processes of dementia, in which a reduction in the efficiency of intellectual makes unable the normal functioning in everyday life.Aim. The main aim of the study was to determine the dynamics of deterioration of language and communicationskills depending on a degree of dementia.Material and Methods. The study was conducted with the use of the method of individual cases. The respondentgroup consisted of 59 female patients aged over 65. A self-constructed Speech Test Questionnaire was used in the study.Results. There is a close correlation between a degree of neurodegeneration and a state of cognitive actions. Thegroup of patients undergoing natural processes of ageing did not manifest significant cognitive disorders but onlyslowness of their functions which is characteristic of an advanced age. The degree of language and communicationdisorders is directly proportional to the size of brain damages and stages of dementia. High levels of dementia insubjects correlated with a number of cognitive deficits.Conclusions. Post-stroke states and numerous ailments and somatic diseases the female patients suffer from maybut do not have to correlate with a progressive dementia. (JNNN 2016;5(4):144–150)
Activation of Both CB1 and CB2 Endocannabinoid Receptors Is Critical for Masculinization of the Developing Medial Amygdala and Juvenile Social Play Behavior
Authors: Argue Kathryn J , VanRyzin Jonathan W , Falvo David J , Whitaker Allison R , Yu Stacey J , McCarthy Margaret M
Published: January 2017

Juvenile social play behavior is a shared trait across a wide variety of mammalian species. When play is characterized by the frequency or duration of physical contact, males usually display more play relative to females. The endocannabinoid system contributes to the development of the sex difference in social play behavior in rats. Treating newborn pups with a nonspecific endocannabinoid agonist, WIN55,212-2, masculinizes subsequent juvenile rough-and-tumble play behavior by females. Here we use specific drugs to target signaling through either the CB1 or CB2 endocannabinoid receptor (CB1R or CB2R) to determine which modulates the development of sex differences in play. Our data reveal that signaling through both CB1R and CB2R must be altered neonatally to modify development of neural circuitry regulating sex differences in play. Neonatal co-agonism of CB1R and CB2R masculinized play by females, whereas co-antagonism of these receptors feminized rates of male play. Because of a known role for the medial amygdala in the sexual differentiation of play, we reconstructed Golgi-impregnated neurons in the juvenile medial amygdala and used factor analysis to identify morphological parameters that were sexually differentiated and responsive to dual agonism of CB1R and CB2R during the early postnatal period. Our results suggest that sex differences in the medial amygdala are modulated by the endocannabinoid system during early development. Sex differences in play behavior are loosely correlated with differences in neuronal morphology.
La estética idealista de la tradición literaria: una lectura del “Soneto gongorino” de García Lorca
Authors: García Jurado Francisco
Published: January 2017

Este trabajo propone la pertinencia de estudiar la tradición literaria del “Soneto gongorino en que el poeta manda a su amor una paloma” de Federico García Lorca desde las bases teóricas de la crítica estética de su tiempo. Nos referimos, sobre todo, a la superación del positivismo historicista heredado del siglo xix. Pedro Salinas resume bien esta actitud cuando concibe la tradición literaria como un cúmulo de estímulos cuyos componentes, si bien pertenecen al pasado, se vuelven absolutamente actuales en el momento de la creación. Se trata de una tradición que supera el concepto de “fuente” y se decanta por el estilo y el diálogo entre los textos. El “Soneto gongorino” de García Lorca constituye un buen ejemplo de lo que decimos; su gongorismo reside en una doble relación: la planteada por sus audaces junturas léxicas y la que nos ofrecen las reminiscencias con otros textos posibles de esa tradición.
Vida de perros: entre literatura infantil y filosofía de la animalidad
Authors: Fleisner Paula
Published: January 2017

En este artículo trazaré, para comenzar, el marco teórico desde el cual se hace evidente la relevancia de la literatura en la filosofía de la animalidad actual. En segundo lugar, analizaré algunas obras en las que el amor entre animales humanos y perros es figurado con el objetivo de reestabilizar la subjetividad perdida en el mundo moderno. En tercer lugar, señalaré la especificidad de la literatura infantil en el ejercicio de pensar la alteridad no humana y, finalmente, ofreceré una lectura de Aventuras y desventuras de Casiperro del hambre, de Graciela Montes, bajo la hipótesis de que en esta novela infantil se manifiestan elementos imprescindibles tanto para una crítica del trato humanista de los animales “domésticos”, como para un pensamiento del amor interespecies por venir: un amor ya no sostenido en el acceso a algún ser interior del otro (perro o humano) sino en la máxima opacidad de los extraños.
Ficciones académicas: imágenes de una institución en ruinas
Authors: Rodríguez Freire Raúl
Published: January 2017

El presente texto ensaya una lectura de las transformaciones de la universidad moderna a partir de obras literarias, principalmente anglosajonas y, en menor grado, latinoamericanas, con énfasis en algunas novelas chilenas. Para ello, la noción de ficción operará como clave de lectura. Esto permite abarcar un corpus mayor que posibilita, luego de entregar algunos antecedentes históricos de la universidad, presentar a la ficción como lugar privilegiado para comprender el desplazamiento del saber en tanto eje articulador de la universidad moderna y su reemplazo por una institución basada en la flexibilidad y la precarización. Por último, se recurre nuevamente a la ficción literaria con el fin de mostrar, por una parte, su potencia para configurar un tipo  de subjetividad a contrapelo de la impuesta por las necesidades del capital, y, por otra, resaltar el lugar privilegiado que la universidad tiene para fomentarla.
Los orígenes de la creación. Un soplo de vida, de Clarice Lispector
Authors: Ferrero Cándenas Inés
Published: January 2017

Mi trabajo explora el modo en que la novela Un soplo de vida, de la autora brasileña Clarice Lispector, reflexiona sobre la relación entre vida y escritura a través de la remisión a un sistema cosmogónico creado por la propia Lispector y que estaría sustentado en una serie de mitos de emergencia, como los llama Mircea Eliade, a los que he atribuido el nombre de Madre Árbol, Cópula Universal y Mensajeros Paganos. Se argumenta que la lectura de la novela a través de dichos mitos muestra una concepción de la realidad que podría calificarse como “divina”; realidad en que la escritura se va configurando como el producto de una suerte de transmutación de la conciencia creadora.
Transmuted Singh-Maddala Distribution: A new Flexible and Upside-Down Bathtub Shaped Hazard Function Distribution
Authors: Shahzad Mirza Naveed , Merovci Faton , Asghar Zahid
Published: January 2017

The Singh-Maddala distribution is very popular to analyze the data on income, expenditure, actuarial, environmental, and reliability related studies. To enhance its scope and application, we propose four parameters transmutedSingh-Maddala distribution, in this study. The proposed distribution is relatively more flexible than the parent distribution to model a variety of data sets. Its basic statistical properties, reliability function, and behaviors of the hazard function are derived. The hazard function showed the decreasing and an upside-down bathtub shape that is required in various survival analysis. The order statistics and generalized TL-moments with their special cases such as L-, TL-, LL-, and LH-moments are also explored. Furthermore, the maximum likelihood estimation is used to estimate the unknown parameters of the transmuted Singh-Maddala distribution. The real data sets are considered to illustrate the utility and potential of the proposed model. The results indicate that the transmuted Singh-Maddala distribution models the datasets better than its parent distribution.
Confidence Bands for the Survival Function Using a Weibull Regression Model in Presence of Arbitrary Censoring
Authors: Jaramilo Elorza Mario César , Salazar Uribe Juan Carlos
Published: January 2017

Usually, the exact time at which an event occurs cannot be observed for several reasons; for instance, it is not possible to constantly monitor  a characteristic of interest. This generates a phenomenon known as censoring that can be classified as having a left censor, right censor or interval censor. When one is working with survival data in the presence of arbitrary censoring, the survival time of interest is defined as the elapsed time between an initial event and the next event that is generally unknown. This problem has been widely studied in the statistic literature and some progress has been made, toward resolving and the formulation of a bivariate likelihood to estimate parameters in a parametric regression model offers positive development opportunities. In this paper, we construct a bivariate likelihood for the Weibull regression model in the presence of interval censoring. Finally, its performance is illustrated by means of a simulation study.
Memoria y significación social: burocracia y archivo histórico sobre la guerra sucia en México
Authors: Juárez-Salazar Edgar Miguel
Published: January 2017

La historia sobre la guerra sucia en México es trascendental para entender el desarrollo de las políticas de exterminio del Estado y los ecos posteriores de los mecanismos de coerción del Gobierno mexicano. El presente artículo reflexiona en torno a los usos de la memoria y la institucionalización de esta por el Estado para someter, de manera paralela, los archivos a una sistemática desaparición. Con el apoyo de la burocracia, las políticas hacia los registros de la guerra sucia se debaten entre un constante esfuerzo por limitar y condenar la memoria al olvido, situación que permite nuevas manifestaciones del acontecimiento, desde la revisión de las formas institucionales a las que es reducida la memoria, con lo que se cuestionan las posibilidades que ella otorga para pensar los movimientos guerrilleros subversivos. Las políticas de Estado que establecen el archivo son elementos de configuración histórica y social, delimitados mediante lo público y lo privado, que instituyen un sentido como punto político nodal de la memoria; es a partir de las leyes, la unificación y la aplicación de estas y su consecuente burocracia, que se dictaminan los marcos referenciales de la memoria. Sin embargo, esta, al ser un elemento que se estructura por el lenguaje mismo no puede ser completamente fijada a un punto de interpretación, pues escapa a los designios de sentido otorgados por las leyes: la memoria se reinventa a cada reinterpretación cuando se analiza el archivo. Estos elementos se estructuran con base en la noción de una memoria contenida en el otro como campo de contención de los significantes, y en consecuencia, las nuevas reinterpretaciones de la memoria deben eludir una función de significación única, para dar paso a nuevas vías y posibilidades de usarla en la historia y en la construcción social de sentido.
El lenguaje oficial en las instancias de participación local y algunas de sus implicaciones en la legitimación de la desigualdad política
Authors: González Vélez César Augusto
Published: January 2017

La participación política es un tema de vital interés para comprender las relaciones entre el Estado y la sociedad civil en el mundo contemporáneo. Además, reviste un interés especial para Colombia, por la centralidad que ha adquirido en el manejo político de diferentes procesos sociales. Este artículo busca aportar al estudio de la participación política, mediante un acercamiento a un caso puntual y con una discusión acerca de la función del lenguaje oficial (el de la normatividad y la institucionalidad) en la reproducción de la desigualdad en las instancias de participación política de la localidad de Engativá, en Bogotá. Estas instancias hacen referencia a los espacios creados por el Gobierno, a partir de la Constitución Política de 1991, para dialogar, discutir y tomar decisiones conjuntas, con algunos grupos poblacionales, en particular los que se articulan en torno a identidades de género, ciclo vital o etnia.En este panorama, la pregunta central es ¿qué implicaciones tiene la interiorización del lenguaje oficial en el mantenimiento de unas relaciones asimétricas entre los agentes de la participación política y las instituciones públicas?, este uno de los cuestionamientos que impulsó la investigación: “Organizaciones comunitarias e instancias de participación política de Engativá”, proyecto financiado en el 2014 por la III Convocatoria Interna de Investigación de la Universidad Minuto de Dios, sede principal y del cual se publicó el libro Los convidados de piedra de la participación local. En suma, la tesis que se defiende a lo largo del artículo es que si bien los agentes de la participación (especialmente los representantes populares) conciben la interiorización del lenguaje oficial como una “ganancia”, en su proceso de reivindicación ante el Gobierno local, este mismo lenguaje limita la posibilidad instituyente de sus agencias y termina desvirtuando sus saberes, metodologías, intenciones y prácticas.
Androgénreceptor mediálta folyamatok metasztatikus kasztrációrezisztens prosztatadaganatban
Authors: Küronya Zsófia , Bíró Krisztina , Gyergyay Fruzsina , Géczi Lajos
Published: January 2017

Abstract:

In the past six years, five new drugs have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. While the disease itself still remains incurable, the sequential use of these drugs can significantly prolong survival while maintaining good quality of life. Research from the past decade made it clear that androgen receptor-mediated processes play a central part in the progression of the disease. Hormonal mechanisms related to androgen-receptors can remain active until late stages of the disease. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms has led to the introduction of new endocrine therapies, which resulted in a change of the nomenclature. The identification and remodelling of androgen receptor mutations that are responsible for primary and secondary resistance developing during the new therapies can pave the way to new and more efficient androgen receptor inhibitor treatments. The aim of the review is to present the pathophysiology of the androgen receptor signaling axis at the receptor level, to review FDA-approved drugs and to draw attention to the most promising developments in the treatment of this disease. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(2), 42–49.
A nyelv necrosisa mint az arteritis temporalis szokatlan manifesztációja
Authors: Sámson Zoltán , Gábor Beáta , Görög Petra , Tóth Csaba , Rőthy Ákos , Lőcsei Zoltán
Published: January 2017

Abstract:

Authors present a rare manifestation of the temporal arteritis, wich caused initial diagnostic difficulties, but it responded well for corticosteroid treatment. The features of the disease, pathogenesis, possible therapy are briefly summarized beside the description of clinical course. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(2), 77–80.
ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ АБСОРБЦИОННО-РЕЗОРБЦИОННОЙ ХОЛОДИЛЬНОЙ МАШИНЫ В СИСТЕМЕ ТРИГЕНЕРАЦИИ МАЛОЙ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ
Authors: Морозюк Л. И. , Грудка Б. Г.
Published: January 2017

Современная система тригенерации состоит из энергетической установки, оборудования регенерации тепла и холодильной машины. В малой энергетике она решает проблемы удаленных от центральных систем энергоснабжения населенных пунктов и независимых  малых производств, повышая эффективность использования первичной энергии. На примере фермерского хозяйства показано формирование малой системы тригенерации. Обоснован выбор водоаммиачной абсорбционно-резорбционной холодильной машины (АРХМ) для производства холода. Оценена энергетическая эффективность холодильной машины, работающей в температурном режиме системы тригенерации малой энергетики
ВЯЗКОСТЬ И ТЕПЛОПРОВОДНОСТЬ СМЕСИ ХЛАДАГЕНТОВ R125/R134а
Authors: Вассерман А. А. , Бойчук А. С.
Published: January 2017

Составлены уравнения, описывающие экспериментальные данные о вязкости и теплопроводности смеси хладагентов R125/R134а. Коэффициенты этих уравнений определены методом наименьших квадратов. Уравнения отображают зависимость вязкости и теплопроводности смеси от температуры, плотности и состава. Они позволяют рассчитывать вязкость в интервалах температур 298…423 К до давления 6,0 МПа при докритических и 248…345 К до 2,8 МПа при сверхкритических плотностях. Теплопроводность описана в интервалах 298…423 К до давления 6,0 МПа при докритических и 232…323 К до 20 МПа при сверхкритических плотностях. Средние квадратические и максимальные отклонения опытных данных от рассчитанных не превышают 3,1 % и 5,3 % для вязкости и 2,2 % и 5,0 % для теплопроводности.
ВЛИЯНИЕ УСЛОВИЙ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СЫПУЧЕГО СЛОЯ ЖЕЛЕЗОРУДНЫХ И БОКСИТОВЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ НА КОЭФФИЦИЕНТ ТЕПЛООТДАЧИ
Authors: Мных А. С. , Яковлева И. Г. , Пазюк М. Ю.
Published: January 2017

Приводятся результаты исследований направленных на изучение гранулометрического состава слоя сыпучего железорудного и бокситового материала, формирование которого осуществляется при использовании систем загрузки в виде вибрационного и барабанного питателей в совокупности с загрузочным лотком. Определены закономерности изменения среднего диаметра частиц материала по высоте слоя, подготовленного к тепловой обработке. Установлено, что тип загрузочного устройства в значительной степени влияет на характер распределения классов крупности сыпучего материала. Последнее определяет закономерность изменения величины объемного коэффициента теплоотдачи по высоте спекательной тележки
АЛГОРИТМИЗАЦИЯ ТЕРМОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ РАСЧЕТОВ В МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОМ ПАКЕТЕ MAPLE C ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ OPENMAPLE
Authors: Хмельнюк М. Г. , Важинский Д. И.
Published: January 2017

В статье описывается создание динамической библиотеки, включающей в себя функции для работы с идеальным газом. В частности, рассматривается обработка цикла, состоящего из произвольного количества точек. Показаны особенности алгоритмизации термодинамических расчетов. Предложен алгоритм обработки простейшего цикла без смешения. При создании библиотек использовалась технология OpenMaple.
Surface Selective 1H and 27Al MAS NMR Observations of Strontium Oxide Doped γ-Alumina
Authors: Barrow By Nathan S. , Scullard Andrew , Collis Nicola
Published: January 2017

High-surface area γ-alumina is industrially used as a catalyst support. Catalytically active elements are doped onto the support, where they can bind to AlO4, AlO5 or AlO6 sites on the surface. Pretreating the surface with alkaline earth oxides can alter the availability of these surface sites, hence affecting the catalytic activity. The surface binding sites of strontium oxide (SrO) on γ-alumina were previously unknown. Direct 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) could not detect AlO5 sites at 9.4 T, so 1H–27Al cross-polarisation (CP) MAS NMR was used to preferentially select the surface environment signals. We directly observed the three surface environments on dehydrated γ-alumina as a function of SrO impregnation up to 4 wt% SrO. We found that Sr2+ preferentially binds to AlO5 and AlO6 surface sites. 1H MAS NMR revealed SrO impregnation causes a reduction in the terminal (−0.3 ppm) and bridging (2.2 ppm) hydroxyl environments, as well as the promotion of a new peak in between these sites, at 0.5 ppm. By using 1H–27Al CP/MAS NMR the relative proportions of surface sites on γ-alumina can be determined, allowing an optimal level of SrO doping that can saturate all the AlO5 sites. Importantly, this provides a method of subsequently depositing catalytically active elements on just the AlO4 or AlO6 sites, which can provide a different catalytic activity or stability compared to the AlO5 binding site.
The Use of Annular Dark-Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy for Quantitative Characterisation
Authors: MacArthur By Katherine E.
Published: January 2017

Small metallic nanoparticles used for polymer exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) represent a characterisation challenge. Electron microscopy would seem the ideal technique to analyse their structure at high resolution. However, their minute size and sensitivity to irradiation damage makes this difficult. In this review, the latest techniques for overcoming these limitations in order to provide quantitative structural and compositional information are presented, focusing specifically on quantitative annular dark-field (ADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and quantitative energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The implications for the study of bimetallic fuel cell catalyst materials are also discussed.