bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“The U.S.–rok Relationship into Full Bloom: From ‘Little Strategic Interest’ to Alliance Partner, 1947–1966”
Authors: Hyun Jun Suk , Stueck William
Published: June 2019

U.S. relations with South Korea had a rocky start during U.S. occupation when American planners rated the peninsula low on the list of U.S. strategic priorities. The psychology of the relationship improved in 1948, when the United States helped create the Republic of Korea (rok), and even more after June 1950, when U.S. military intervention prevented North Korea from conquering South Korea. With the July 1953 armistice in the Korean War, the United States reluctantly agreed to a bilateral alliance that eventually became the centerpiece of American defense strategy there. With concerns ongoing about Chinese expansion and Japanese reliability, staunchly anti-Communist South Korea became the most reliable U.S. strategic partner in East Asia. When Pak Chŏnghŭi emerged as a strong leader in the mid-1960s, the United States came to see the rok as a valuable strategic asset in countering Asian communism. With South Korea’s settlement with Japan and commitment of combat forces to Vietnam in 1965 and U.S. acceptance of a Status-of-Forces Agreement with the rok a year later, the bilateral alliance relationship reached a peak after two decades of challenges.
A History of Oriental Studies in Russia, based on the Correspondence of V. V. Bartol’d and N. F. Petrovskii between 1893 and 1908, from Archival Collections in the Russian Academy of Sciences (История отечественного востоковедения в переписке В.В. Бартольда и Н.Ф. Петровского (1893–1908 гг.) из архивных собраний Российской академии наук)
Authors: Bukharin (Михаил Дмитриевич Бухарин Mikhail Dmitrievich , Popova (Ирина Федоровна Попова) Irina Fedorovna
Published: June 2019

This article presents twenty-five unpublished letters between the outstanding Russian scholar Vasilii Vladimirovich Bartol’d and the diplomat Nikolai Fedorovich Petrovsky, who was a key organizer of Russian archaeological research in Eastern Turkestan. The letters illustrate certain peculiarities in the development of Oriental studies in Russia during the late nineteenth/early twentieth century, and they enlarge our knowledge of Bartol’d’s and Petrovskii’s roles in that developmental process.

В публикации представлена переписка (25 писем) выдающегося востоковеда В.В. Бартольда и дипломата, организатора археологического изучения Восточного Туркестана Н.Ф. Петровского. Переписка характеризует особенности развития востоковедения в России в конце xix – начале xx вв. и расширяют наши знания об участии в этом процессе Бартольда и Петровского.
On Paradigms of Systematic Acquisition and Changing Family Names (Surnames) in Clerical Academies in the Riazan’ Diocese
Authors: Azovtsev Andrei Vasil’evich
Published: June 2019

The article analyzes the processes of assigning surnames to seminarians and students of clerical academies in Riazan’ diocese – processes initiated by administrators of these institutions in the first half of the nineteenth century. The essay seeks to determine the motives, methods and consequences of these efforts to assign surnames, and to gauge changes in these efforts over time.
From Mahalla to Xiaoqu
Authors: Pawan Sawut , Niyazi Abiguli
Published: June 2019

Owing to high rates of economic growth and increased urbanization efforts, China raised the country’s urbanisation rate to 50 per cent in 2012. ‘Old town renewal’—an important component of urbanisation—has significantly affected the lives of urban residents throughout China. This article focuses on urban transformations in the old city of Kashgar in southern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. While more and more Chinese scholars are concerned with how effectively to implement the project in the old town itself, only a few are concerned with the resettlement actions caused by the renewal. This paper focuses precisely on this and analyses the challenges related to relocation, changes in the old town community and adaptation strategies in new residential compounds.
The Manner in which I went to Worship Mañjuśrī’s Realm, The Five-Peaked Mountain (Wutai), by Sumba Kanbo (1704–1788)
Authors: Sullivan Brenton
Published: June 2019

This essay provides a translation of the travelogue of the eminent Oirat Buddhist lama Sumba Kanbo Yeshe Baljor (1704–1788) as he made his way to the sacred Mount Wutai. Among the many details this candid account reveals is the fact that Buddhists from the Tibetan Plateau did not travel to the sacred mountain of Wutai in China for the sake of pilgrimage, but in order to foster established relationships with Mongol patrons along the way. Sumba Kanbo spent seven months on the road in 1774 en route to Wutai (compared with only one month at the mountain itself), and during that time he was received by Mongol nobility for whom, in exchange, he contributed to the creation of ‘surrogate’ pilgrimage sites in Mongolia and more generally to the ‘Buddicisation’ of Mongolia. Sumba Kanbo’s account provides a unique window into the emergence of Buddhism in Mongolia and the manner in which this phenomenon depended upon both the political and religious bonds formed between lamas such as Sumba Kanbo and Mongol nobility, commoners and landscape that these lamas encountered on their peregrinations.
The Purist Campaign as Metadiscursive Regime in China’s Tibet
Authors: Thurston Timothy
Published: June 2019

Tibetans in twenty-first-century China have engaged in an increasingly high-profile campaign to promote language purity. In this purity campaign, Tibetan comedians and rappers have encouraged their audiences to speak pure Tibetan, and a host of neologisms have been coined to help people speak Tibetan even in modern contexts. Although coining new terms involves tremendous innovation, Tibetans almost uniformly view purism in this fashion as promoting traditional knowledge and practices considered to be under threat. This paper examines Tibetan media discourses on language purity to understand the development of new metadiscursive regimes in Tibet that link otherwise contemporary values like language purity with the preservation of Tibetan traditions.
Early Soviet Policy towards Buddhism
Authors: Amogolonova Darima
Published: June 2019

This paper explores the Buryat Bolsheviks’ efforts to replace the religious identity of fellow Buryats with a Soviet identity in the wake of the Russian Revolution, and analyses the ways in which the Buddhist community attempted to adapt to totalitarian rule. In addition to fostering a general atmosphere of intolerance to religion, considered an antagonistic worldview, the Bolsheviks set out to promote the cultural assimilation of this non-Russian population within the Russian ethnic majority. This entailed a programme of education in the spirit of Soviet patriotism and loyalty, designed to ensure the ideological unity of the nation. Over a short historical period from the early 1920s to the early 1930s, the attitude of the Soviet authorities towards Buddhist religion, clergy and believers shifted radically, from tolerance towards the religion of the ‘oppressed non-Russian masses’ to uncompromising antagonism and the targeting of religion as a class enemy that must be annihilated in the name of creating ‘a new man’.
Thoughts on Domestic Adjudication and the Identification and Formation of Customary International Law
Authors: Miles Cameron
Published: June 2019

Article 38(1)(d) of the ICJ Statute provides that “judicial decisions” may serve as a subsidiary means for the determination of customary international law. The absence of a qualifying adjective to the term “judicial decisions” confirms that, at least ex facie, there is no priority to be given to international over domestic judgments in this respect. And yet – as the International Law Commission’s Draft Conclusions on Formation and Identification of Customary International Law confirms – the reality of international adjudication is one in which domestic judicial decisions are often side-lined. In this paper, I question the ILC’s assertion that this is due to the relative expertise of international versus domestic courts, and instead posit a model based on the shifting architectonics of international adjudication. Two related developments are key: (1) the florescence of international adjudicative bodies in the post-1945 era, and (2) the tendency for international courts and tribunals to see domestic judicial decisions as evidence of state practice and opinio juris under Article 38(1)(b), rather than as subsidiary means for the determination of custom – that is, as factual rather than legal precedents.
Remarks on the Ilc Work on the Identification of Customary Law and Human Rights: Curbing “Droit de L’hommisme”?
Authors: Chiussi Ludovica
Published: June 2019

The specific features of human rights have sometimes been used to claim exception from the basic rules on the formation of customary international law. This article explores the International Law Commission (ILC) Work on the Identification of Customary Law, with particular regard to human rights. According to Draft Conclusion 3, evidence of practice and opinio juris must be carefully assessed according to the overall context and the relevant circumstances. The argument will be made that the Draft Conclusions provisionally adopted by the ILC Drafting Committee allow adequate flexibility to accommodate the “speciality” of human rights.
What If? An Experiment to Include a Religious Narrative in the Approach of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Van Engeland Anicée
Published: June 2019

According to some interpretations of Islam supported by gender activists, the veil can be perceived as a passport that enables women to participate in public affairs. This argument has been overlooked by the courts, including the European Court of Human Rights. The latter has adopted a discourse that considers the veil to be a threat to public order and gender equality, and more recently, an obstacle to social cohesion. By doing so, the Court has excluded veiled European Muslim women from the public sphere. The Court has justified curbing freedom of religion by granting states a wide margin of appreciation on the basis of the concept of “living together.” I argue that the Court needs to take the “passport veil” into account to be consistent with its argument on living together. A shift of approach and discourse would constitute a new way of understanding integration through the veil.
Is Higher Education Expansion Related to Increasing Unemployment Rates?
Authors: Yang Cheng-Cheng , Chan Sheng-Ju
Published: June 2019

A wide range of rationales can be used to expand participation in higher education. It is commonly believed that a highly educated workforce serves as a primary driver in elevating the productivity and efficiency of the industrial sector in general. Empirical evidence even suggests that over a lifetime, university graduates earn more than those with other educational attainments. 1 However, an emerging counter-argument states that the supply of graduates might exceed the demand as there are not many graduate-level job vacancies. Against such a broad context, this article adopts longitudinal and comparative stances to investigate the extent to which higher education expansion is related to the unemployment rate in three East Asian societies: Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Our empirical data show that the massification of higher education does matter, particularly beyond enrollment rates of more than 50%. Although universal access to higher education provides a more highly skilled workforce to knowledge-based economies, it might also lead to a higher unemployment rate, particularly in South Korea and Taiwan.
Impact of Internship on Job Performance among University Graduates in South Korea
Authors: Jung Jisun , Lee Soo Jeung
Published: June 2019

This study aims to explore internship experiences and their influence on job performance among university graduates in Korea. The research questions are as follows: 1) To what extent do university students engage in different types of internships in Korea? 2) How do internship experiences differ by academic fields and institutional types? 3) Does internship experience predict graduates’ job performance, namely their job search duration, wages, and job satisfaction? This study used the Korean Education and Employment Panel Survey (keep) data conducted by the Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training (krivet). In this study, the data was selected from 1,184 respondents who graduated from high school in 2005 and became paid workers in any sector after graduating from a junior college or university. Data from 961 respondents were used in this study. The results show that internship experience improved job performance; it shortened the duration to find a job and enhanced wages and job satisfaction. The effects on job performance, however, differed by type of internship, academic major, institutional characteristics, and working condition. We explored the actual internship participation of university graduates in Korea and examined its impact empirically, offering implications for individuals, universities, and policymakers.
Developing Meaningful Higher Education Evaluation Systems: Putting China in Context
Authors: Hazelkorn Ellen , Liu Lu
Published: June 2019

This paper firstly reviews how issues of accountability and transparency have become some of the key drivers of government policy over recent years. It finds that the drive for greater higher education accountability and transparency has encouraged the growth of an international evaluation industry. It secondly discusses issues related to different types of policy and evaluation instruments across Europe, as well as the importance of rankings. It finds that traditional approaches have relied on collegiality, expert judgment, and peer review, and there is a growing focus on indicator-led systems in the belief that indicators are value-free and statistically robust so that leads to rankings have a significant part of development. The paper finally discusses and compares trends and developments of accountability and transparency in China’s higher education. It finds that China is now pursuing “World-class Universities” (WCUs) establishment and China’s experience reflect the challenges and tensions around quality and accountability.
The phonology of Anatolian reduplication
Authors: Yates Anthony D. , Zukoff Sam
Published: June 2019

In this paper we develop a synchronic and diachronic analysis of the phonology of partial reduplication in the Anatolian branch of Indo-European. We argue that the reduplicative patterns of Hittite and Luwian differ from Proto-Anatolian, which exhibited an asymmetric treatment of verbal stems with initial consonant clusters: full copying of sibilant-stop clusters, but partial copying of stop-sonorant clusters. We contend that the phonological constraint driving this asymmetry, No Poorly-Cued Repetitions (Zukoff 2017a), was demoted within the separate prehistories of Hittite and Luwian due to independent phonological changes eliminating the distinction between these cluster types. Furthermore, we show that the proposed set of diachronic constraint re-rankings in Hittite and Luwian can be explained under Maximally Informative Recursive Constraint Demotion, a minor reformulation of the Recursive Constraint Demotion algorithm (RCD; Tesar 1995, Tesar and Smolensky 1998, 2000) that favors the high ranking of maximally informative winner-preferring constraints.
Reappraising Zhang Zhidong: Forgotten Continuities During China’s Self-Strengthening, 1884-1901
Authors: Chang Adam
Published: June 2019

The recent historiography of China’s late nineteenth-century Self-Strengthening movement emphasizes the successes in Chinese state building. My research expands upon this trend through the perspective of the prominent governor-general Zhang Zhidong 張之洞 (1837-1909) and his military reforms. From 1884 to 1901, Zhang consistently pursued the creation of new military academies and western-style armies with the aim of providing an army capable of defending China. At the turn of the century, Zhang’s military apparatus was arguably one of the best in China. However, his role as a military pioneer of this era was often obscured by the wider narratives of Chinese reforms or subsumed under the reforms of more notorious officials such as Li Hongzhang or Yuan Shikai. Ultimately, the study of Zhang Zhidong’s reforms reveals an often-missed continuity in successful military reform starting in the 1880s and contributes to the developing historical narratives of successful late Qing state building.
Portuguese Defence Activities at Macau During the Boxer Uprising
Authors: Sim Teddy Y. H.
Published: June 2019

This article examines Portuguese colonial and military activities at Macau during the Boxer Uprising of 1900, connecting developments across the border in Guangdong with initiatives undertaken by the colonial authorities in Macau. The Portuguese perceived the situation to be serious enough that substantial reinforcements were eventually sent from the metropole, in addition to various other measures taken to strengthen the colony’s defenses. Portugal also used Macau as a base to coordinate the operations of its consulates in China, and exploited the Boxer debacle to press for new concessions and other advantages at China’s expense. At the end, it is hoped that the limited and relatively unknown role played by Portugal, in conjunction with the larger kaleidoscope of events around Macau, may be better illuminated.
Qing Dynasty Warfare and Military Authority: Discipline and the Ethnic Cleansing of 1860s Shaanxi
Authors: Setzekorn Eric
Published: June 2019

During the 1850s and 1860s, the Qing empire re-established political authority after a series of major rebellions that nearly toppled the dynasty. While the Taiping Rebellion was larger in scope, the campaign in Shaanxi is critical to understanding late Qing military history and the complex relationship between warfare, ethnicity, and demographic change in the late nineteenth century. The Qing reconquest of Shaanxi in 1863 resulted in the near elimination of the Muslim population in the province, which was not the intent of senior Imperial commanders, but a byproduct of Qing patterns of warfare and larger ethnic tensions in Shaanxi.
Translation of Poetry from Persian to Arabic: ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī and Others
Authors: Key Alexander
Published: June 2019

ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī (d. 471/1078 or 474/1081) wrote in his Asrār al-balāgha that he had translated a line of Persian poetry, and he used that Arabic translation to illustrate the rhetorical figure of ḥusn al-taʿlīl. He did not provide the Persian original, but when the Asrār was integrated, via al-Sakkākī (d. 626/1229) and al-Qazwīnī (d. 739/1338), into al-Taftazānī’s (d. 793/1390) Muṭawwal, a number of Ottoman readers wrote a Persian verse in the margin. This paper investigates al-Jurjānī’s translation theory, other translations of Persian poetry, the marginalia, and Perseo-Arabic-Turkic multilingualism, while comparing al-Jurjānī’s attitude to language and translation with some European and Anglophone discussions.
Afterword: ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī and the Law
Authors: Lowry Joseph E.
Published: June 2019

In this theorization of Qurʾānic inimitability, ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī privileged maʿānī (ideas) over alfāẓ (wording), with the consequence that eloquence was not language specific and understanding was in principle always achievable. For some Muslim jurists, by contrast, Arabic was a qualitatively superior language, but one corollary of that view was the complexity of Arabic, a feature that could lead to misunderstandings of scripture.
Spatial variability of soil organic carbon in the West Liao River Basin
Authors: Zhu Yong-hua , Zhang Sheng , Sun Biao , Xi Xiao-kang , Liu Yu , Shi Xiao-hong
Published: June 2019

Quantification of the pattern and spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) is essential to comprehending many eco-hydrological processes. To obtain a better understanding of the spatial variability of SOC in a typical farming-pastoral zone, 270 soil samples were collected at 45 sampling sites from every 20 cm soil layer. Semi-variance function theory and ordinary Kriging interpolation were applied to identify the spatial variability of SOC. The results showed that SOC in the area was relatively low and decreased with depth and from the basin edge to the centre with a measured mean content of 0.07–0.65 g/kg. The strongest variability in the zone in the top soil layer (0–40 cm) was in the centre part of the zone, which was supposed to be the most concentrated area of human activities in the zone. As soil depth increase, the degree of variation of SOC decreased. Gaussian, exponential, and spherical models were suggested to successfully simulate SOC in different soil depth zones. The spatial distribution of SOC showed strong variability in the same soil depth zone, with a nugget to sill ratio of less than 14% and a range of 30–160 km.
Corporate Criminal Liability and Compliance Management Systems
Authors: Wortman Jofre Santiago
Published: June 2019

The present work analyses the case of Spain in relation to Compliance Management Systems and Corporate Criminal Liability. It studies the way criminal justice understands and uses Compliance Management Systems to target corporate criminality. Moreover, it aims to deconstruct the way Compliance Management Systems are implemented in different corporations. To that end, I conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with Compliance Officers and performed content analysis on judicial documents. While not being able to generalise or give definite conclusions, the results showed a misconnection between the aim of criminal law provisions and the profit-driven objectives of corporations. Furthermore, results unveiled the powerful motivation of requirements. Companies sought to implement Compliance Management Systems to access new markets, better supplies and insurance fee discounts. Rather than the threat of punishment the analysis indicated a stronger effect through the positive stimuli of requiring a Compliance Management System for a benefit. The study also showed a fear for the reputational consequences of being subjected to a criminal procedure, thus indicating a better predisposition to solve offences through alternative conflict resolution methods. The lack of a clear message from the criminal justice reduced the deterrent effect of punishment. This lack of clear standards may have fostered social disorganisation within the environment of corporations, thus constituting fertile ground for corporate crimes.
Traditional Leaders and Zimbabwe’s Liberation Struggle in Buhera District, 1976–1980
Authors: Ndawana Enock , Hove Mediel
Published: June 2019

This article examines the role of traditional leaders during Zimbabwe’s war of liberation. Contrary to the generalisations that traditional leaders and their subordinates were either absolutely supportive of the liberation war or were against it supporting the Smith regime, this paper uses the case of Buhera District to demonstrate that traditional leaders and their subordinates contributed in various ways to Zimbabwe’s war of liberation. Guided by a combination of primary and secondary sources, the article argues that traditional leaders were in a dilemma because they were victims of the contending forces. However, they employed various survival tactics as they faced equally dangerous conflicting forces who put them in complex, ambiguous and contradictory relationships. The article concludes that the strategies and tactics employed by the Rhodesian Security Forces and the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army guerrillas had debilitating effects on traditional leaders and their subordinates during the liberation war.
دور العلماء والمؤرخين في نقل النظريات السياسية الساسانية إلى الهند في عصر سلطنةدهلي
Authors: الأعظمي الندوي صاحب عالم
Published: June 2019

الخلاصة

إن الهدف الرئيس من هذا البحث هو دراسة القنوات التي أسهمت في نقل النظريات السياسية الساسانية إلى الدول الإسلامية ومنها سلطنة دهلي في الهند. ومن أجل تحقيق ذلك الهدف تم التعريف بالمصنفات السياسية مثل كتب النصائح والوصايا التي كان يتم إعدادها برعاية السلاطين في الدول الإسلامية الشرقية بهدف تعليم النظم السياسية والإدارية، والتي دونت بواسطة الكتب السياسية والإدارية التي في عهودهم. وعلى الرغم من أن بعض هذه الكتب تختلف اختلافًا يسيرًا في مضامينها وشكلها؛ إلا أن نصوص جميع تلك الكتب تعكس الأفكار السياسية المتنوعة المأخوذة من الأفكار السياسية الساسانية. وفيما يتعلق بترويج النظريات السياسية الساسانية في الهند بواسطة سلاطين دهلي، فقد تم التعريف ببعض العلماء والمؤرخين المعاصرين وكتاباتهم السياسية تعريفًا عامًا في حين اختير كتاب "فتاوى جهانداري" للعالم والمؤرخ الهندي ضياء الدين برني كنموذج، فهو يعد من أهم الكتب وأخطرها في الفقه السياسي لتلك الفترة، وتم تحليل مضامينه ومقارنتها ببعض كتب الوصايا الساسانية لمعرفة مدى تأثير النظريات السياسية الساسانية في نظريات سلاطين دهلي السياسية والإدارية‪.‬
Islamic Psychology: Towards a 21st Century Definition and Conceptual Framework
Authors: York Al-Karam Carrie
Published: June 2019

In this article the author attempts to give a brief summary and critique of the various ways Islamic Psychology is conceptualized and defined. She then proposes and discusses a conceptual model, the Multilevel Interdisciplinary Paradigm (MIP), as a potential theoretical unifier for the emerging field, which also serves as a methodology for defining it. Recommendations for ways forward in the domain of Islamic Psychology are also provided.
Traveling with Helen: The Itineraries of Paris and Menelaus as Narrative Doublets
Authors: Solez Kevin
Published: June 2019

The journey of Paris from Sparta to Troy and the journey of Menelaus from Troy to Sparta are narrative doublets that feature in the Epic Cycle. Both men follow a typical and historical pattern of mobility between Greece and the Levant before reaching their destination. These similarities constitute a proleptic doublet, where Paris’s journey is a less elaborate iteration of a story pattern that appears again in the nostos of Menelaus. In our known epics, the doublets appear near the beginning of the Cypria and at the very end of the Nostoi.
Thurstonella, replacement name for the Antarctic amphipod genus Clarencia K.H. Barnard, 1931 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Thurstonellidae), preoccupied by Clarencia Sloane, 1917 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: LOWRY JIM , ZEIDLER WOLFGANG
Published: June 2019

The generic name Clarencia was originally proposed by Sloane (1917) for a genus of carabid beetles (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae). It is a valid name in current use for a small endemic genus of Australian/Papua New Guinean ground beetles, recently revised by Baehr (2005). Clarencia K.H. Barnard, 1931, was established as a monotypic genus of Antarctic amphipods. Shaw (1989) and Zeidler (1994) have both redescribed Clarencia chelata K.H. Barnard, 1931. Zeidler (1994) re-diagnosed the family Clarenciidae Barnard & Karaman, 1987 and set up the superfamily Clarencioidea. It was recently brought to our attention that Clarencia K.H. Barnard, 1931 is a junior homonym of Clarencia Sloane, 1917. The new name, Thurstonella, is proposed to replace Clarencia K.H. Barnard, 1931. Because the type genus of the family is a junior homonym, the family group name Clarenciidae Barnard & Karaman, 1987, is replaced with Thurstonellidae, in accordance with Article 39 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999, fourth edition).
A new, first fossil species of Ophioderma Mhller and Troschel, 1842 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) (Late Miocene, Argentina)
Authors: MARTÍNEZ SERGIO , DEL RÍO CLAUDIA J.
Published: June 2019

A new species of Ophioderma Müller and Troschel, 1842 is described. The new species is the first fossil one of the genus, and the third ophiuroid described for the Tertiary of South America. It is characterized by its large size, proximal dorsal arm plates arched, entire or irregularly fragmented in two or three parts and lateral arm plates with four or five short, flat spines of similar length with a finger-like outline.
A new species of Tethycometes Sara 1994 (Porifera: Hadromerida: Tethyidae) from Singapore
Authors: LIM SWEE CHENG , TAN KOH SIANG
Published: June 2019

Eight species of stalked tethyids have been described previously from the tropics (Sarà & Burlando, 1994; Van Soest et al., 2005; Sarà, 2002). These stalked species are now placed in three genera, namely, Halicometes Topsent, 1898, Burtonitethya Sarà, 1994, and Tethycometes Sarà, 1994. The three genera are distinguished principally on the relative length of the stalk in relation to the size of the hemispherical body which is attached to one end of the stalk (Sarà, 1994, 2002; Sarà & Burlando, 1994). Members of the genus Halicometes have stalks between two and four times the length of the body. Six species have been described from depths of 150–2100 m in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific regions (Sarà, 2002). In contrast, the monotypic Burtonitethya is characterized by a short stalk that is only as long as the subspherical body. The type species B. gemmiformis Sarà, 1994 was described from the Andaman Islands from an unknown depth (Sarà, 1994, 2002). More recently, specimens collected off Java in 1900 at a depth of 82 m and possessing a long stalk eight times the length of the ovoid body were designated as type species for Tethycometes (see Sarà, 1994, 2002). This paper describes a new species of Tethycometes dredged from waters less than 15 m deep off the coast of Singapore Island, Southeast Asia. With a long stalk eight times the length of its ovoid body, it is the second species to be assigned to the recently erected genus Tethycometes. It differs from the type species T. sibogae Sarà, 1994 in the presence of oxyspherasters which form a thin but distinct cortex. It also differs from all other stalked tethyids in having a partially detached tangential skeleton surrounding the stalk, as well as in possessing rooting processes emanating from the basal half of the stalk.
A new species of Platychasma (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) from China
Authors: CHEN LIUSHENG , KISHIDA YASUNORI , WANG MIN
Published: June 2019

The notodontid genus Platychasma was established by Butler in 1881, and hitherto comprised only two species: Platychasma virgo Butler, 1881 and P. flavida Wu & Fang, 2003. The former is distributed in China, Japan and Korea (Sugi 1982; Park et al. 1999; Wu & Fang 2003a, b), while the latter is found only in China (Wu & Fang 2003a, b). During moth surveys in southern and central China, the authors collected several specimens with typical external features of the subfamily Platychasmatinae (antenna filiform, quadrifid forewing venation and forewing dorsum bidentate). However, the specimens collected differed from both P. virgo and P. flavida in several morphological features, notably the forewing shape and male genitalia. Following comparison with P. virgo from Japan and with the original description and illustrations of P. flavida, these Chinese specimens are hereby described as new, as follows:
Observations on the Parorchis acanthus complex (Philophthalmidae: Parorchiinae) with the description of three new species of Parorchis Nicoll, 1907 and the replacement of the preoccupied junior homonym Paratrema Dronen & Badley, 1979 with Stenomesotrema nomen novum
Authors: DRONEN NORMAN O. , BLEND CHARLES K.
Published: June 2019

A brief history of the genus Parorchis Nicoll, 1907 (Philophthalmidae: Parorchiinae) is provided along with the description of 3 new species: Parorchis catoptrophori n. sp., distinguished by a bipartite pharynx with a larger, anterior, muscular primary pharynx, followed by a smaller posterior nonmuscular secondary part composed of 2 smaller posterior extensions; Parorchis longivesiculus n. sp., distinguished by an external seminal vesicle that overreaches the acetabulum posteriorly, extending into the hindbody to about midway between the testes and the acetabulum; and Parorchis ralli n. sp., distinguished by an external seminal vesicle, the posterior third of which is tubular and coiled. The preoccupied junior homonym Paratrema Dronen & Badley, 1979 (Parorchiinae) is replaced by Stenomesotrema nomen novum, and a rediagnosis of the genus is given wherein Stenomesotrema numenii n. comb. is assigned as the type species in the genus, and Stenomesotrema asiaticus n. comb. is proposed as a second species in the genus. Species of Parorchis are divided into 2 basic body types. The first type contains those species with a barbell-like or hourglass body shape, a rudimentary head collar, symmetrical to tandem testes, 2 rows of corner spines on the head collar, a preequatorial acetabulum, and a forebody that is wider than the hindbody. The second body type, called the “Parorchis body type”, contains those species with a pyriform body shape, a well-developed head collar, symmetrical testes, a single continuous row of circumoral spines on the head collar, and an equatorial acetabulum. There appears to be 2 subtypes of the Parorchis body type: subtype 1 containing those species possessing smooth to slightly irregular testes (not deeply lobed) and an esophagus lacking diverticuli; and subtype 2 containing those species having irregular and deeply lobed testes and an esophagus possessing lateral diverticuli. A comparative analysis of museum-deposited specimens of P. acanthus revealed as many as 9 possible additional species of Parorchis. This suggests potential problems in using measurements of structures alone without differences in additional corroborating specific features to separate species of Parorchis. Along with measurements, the number and size of spines on the circumoral collar, the presence or absence of a prepharynx, an intertesticular space, and esophageal diverticula as well as the extent of the posttesticular space, the length of the metraterm, egg size and the ratios of the width of the oral sucker to the width of the acetabulum and the width of the pharynx to the width of the oral sucker appear useful in distinguishing species of Parorchis.
Detection of two cryptic taxa in Meristogenys amoropalamus (Amphibia, Ranidae) through nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses
Authors: SHIMADA TOMOHIKO , MATSUI MASAFUMI , YAMBUN PAUL , LAKIM MAKLARIN , MOHAMED MARYATI
Published: June 2019

We identified three distinct sympatric lineages of frogs among specimens previously considered a single species (Meris- togenys amoropalamus Matsui), based on 909 bp of mitochondrial DNA (12S rRNA and cytochrome b). To seek evidence of reproductive isolation between these lineages, we first analyzed a 249-bp fragment of the nuclear proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene and found five haplotypes, of which two were limited to lineage 1 and three belonged to lineages 3 and 4. In a subsequent phylogenetic analysis of a 1313-bp fragment of nuclear POMC, Rag-1, and rhodopsin, lineage 1 was again distinct, while lineages 3 and 4 could not be differentiated. The results of the nuclear gene analyses suggest that lineage 1 is strongly isolated reproductively from lineages 3 and 4, which are not isolated from each other. This conclusion conforms to groupings based on larval morphology. These results indicate that frogs morphologically identified as M. amoropalamus should be split into two sympatric species, one of which contains two mitochondrial lineages that have presumably been retained via deep coalescence.
Six new species of deep water Ampeliscidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Brazilian Coast
Authors: VALÉRIO-BERARDO MARIA TERESA
Published: June 2019

Six new species of the family Ampeliscidae Costa, 1857 are described from Campos Basin Deep Sea in Brazilian Cost. The four new species of the genus Ampelisca herein described, Ampelisca wakabarae sp. nov., Ampelisca campensis sp. nov., Ampelisca anae sp. nov., Ampelisca minuta sp. nov. raised the total number of species of this genus recorded along the Brazilian coast to 14. Others species described are: Byblis bjornbergae sp. nov. and Haploops meloi sp. nov. These are first records of these genera for Brazilian coast. A key to the species of the family Ampeliscidae recorded from Brazilian coast is provided.
Three new species of Austrocarabodes (Oribatida: Carabodidae) from South Africa
Authors: HUGO ELIZABETH A.
Published: June 2019

Three new species of oribatid mites of the genus Austrocarabodes (Carabodidae), A. hendriksi sp. nov., A. vernoncrookensis sp. nov. and A. luciensis sp. nov. from various localities and biomes in South Africa are described. Comparisons are made between these new species and other known species.
Verruca punica, a new species of verrucomorph barnacle (Crustacea, Cirripedia, Thoracica) from the Lower Danian (Palaeocene) of Tunisia
Authors: BUCKERIDGE JOHN S. , JAGT JOHN W. M. , SPEIJER ROBERT P.
Published: June 2019

The discovery of a near-complete shell wall of a small verrucid barnacle from the Lower Danian (Palaeocene) portion of the El Haria Formation as exposed in the El Kef area (northwest Tunisia), permits its description as a new species with characters that, although conforming primarily to Verruca sensu stricto, show some similarities to Altiverruca Pilsbry, 1916, a genus that is not yet known from the fossil record. The present material extends the known geographic distribution of fossil verrucids, and constitutes one of the earliest species of Verruca to be documented subsequent to the Cretaceous/Palaeogene (K/Pg) boundary mass extinction event.
Taxonomy of European Damaeidae (Acari: Oribatida) II. Porobelba weigmanni n. sp. (Oribatida, Damaeidae), from East Slovakia, with comments on other known species of the genus
Authors: MIKO LADISLAV
Published: June 2019

Porobelba weigmanni n. sp. (Oribatida: Damaeidae) is described, based on individuals found in the Pieniny Mountains of North-East Slovakia. It differs from previously known species of the genus by having long, hypertrophied notogastral setae c 1 , and by the presence of one pair of prodorsal tubercles. A new diagnosis of the genus Porobelba is presented. Two species—the American species P. parki Jacot, 1937 and the poorly described European species P. robusta Mihelcic, 1955—are removed from the genus, based on absence of a porose area on the notogaster, presence of propodolateral apophyses and other characters. A determination key for the three remaining species is presented.
A new species of Palaemonella Dana, 1852, (Crustacea: Decapoda; Pontoniinae) from the Red Sea
Authors: BRUCE A. J.
Published: June 2019

A new species of the pontoniine shrimp genus Palaemonella Dana, 1852, from the Red Sea is described and illustrated. Found from 519–544m; this is the greatest depth from which this genus has so far been reported. It is a species of the Indo-West Pacific P. dolichodactylus species complex, to the taxa of which a key is provided.
A review of the luteitarsis group of the genus Pipiza Fallen (Diptera: Syrphidae) with description of a new species from the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: VUJIĆ ANTE , RADENKOVIĆ SNEŠANA , POLIĆ DUBRAVKA
Published: June 2019

The luteitarsis species group of the aphidophagous genus Pipiza Fallén is defined as a monophyletic unit and the European species of this group are revised. Based on material from Serbia found at two lowland localities, P. luteibarba n. sp. is described. This species is closely related to P. luteitarsis Zetterstedt and P. accola Violovitsh. A key for the West Palaearctic species of the Pipiza luteitarsis species group is provided and records of all species from the Balkan Peninsula are presented. The distribution of the new species is discussed and conservation implications considered.
Two new cicada species from Costa Rica (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae) with a key to the species of Fidicinoides in Costa Rica
Authors: SANBORN ALLEN F. , MOORE THOMAS E. , YOUNG ALLEN M.
Published: June 2019

The Neotropical cicadas Fidicinoides coffea Sanborn, Moore and Young and Fidicinoides guayabana Sanborn, Moore and Young are described as new species. This work validates the names previously assigned to these species which had been considered nomina nuda. Comparisons are made to other members of the genus found in Costa Rica. A summary of the biology of each new species is provided. The following new combinations, all for species formerly included in Fidicina, are proposed: Fidicinoides brisa (Walker 1850), F. cachla Distant 1899, F. flavibasalis Distant 1905, F. fumea Distant 1883, F. glauca Goding 1925, F. opalina (Germar 1821), F. passerculus (Walker 1850), F. sericans Stål 1854, F. spinicosta (Walker 1850), F. steindachneri Kuhlgatz & Melichar 1902, F. variegata Sanborn 2005, and F. viridifemur (Walker 1850). A key to the Costa Rican species of Fidicinoides is provided.
Revision of the ant genus Prionopelta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Indo-Pacific region
Authors: SHATTUCK STEVEN O
Published: June 2019

The ant genus Prionopelta is revised for the Indo-Pacific region. Six species are known, two of which are newly described, media sp. n., and robynmae sp. n. While widespread in the region the genus is not common and is largely restricted to rainforest habitats where nests are found in soil or rotten wood on the ground. These ants are most often encountered in leaf litter samples are while foraging on the ground.
The systematics and biology of Cotesia nonagriae (Olliff) stat. rev. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae), a newly recognized member of the Cotesia flavipes species complex
Authors: MUIRHEAD KATE , AUSTIN ANDREW , SALLAM MOHAMED
Published: June 2019

The Australian species Cotesia nonagriae Olliff stat. rev. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is redescribed and formally removed from synonymy with C. flavipes based on molecular, morphological and biological differences. The taxonomic history and phylogenetic relationships of C. nonagriae with other members of the C. flavipes complex are presented and underscore the importance of molecular-based identification within this group. The biology of C. nonagriae on the native noctuid stemborer host, Bathytricha truncata (Walker), is compared with previously recorded C. flavipes life history traits. The implications of this taxonomic study relative to biological control and importation of stemborer parasitoids into Australia are discussed.
A new species and a new species record of Hypogastrura (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) from China
Authors: JIANG JIGANG , CHEN JIAN-XIU
Published: June 2019

Hypogastrura distincta (Axelson, 1902) is recorded from China for the first time and a new species, Hypogastrura quadritenenta sp. nov., is described from Nanjing. Both species belong to the H. viatica group. The new species differs from all known members of the group by possessing 2, 4, 4 tenent hairs on tibiotarsi I–III, six setae on dens and a broad basal lamella on the unguiculus. A checklist and a key to Chinese species of the genus Hypogastrura are provided.
Redescription of Isocondylus Amyot & Serville 1843 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae)
Authors: DEL CARMEN COSCARÓN MARÍA , CAVA MARÍA BELÉN , CORRONCA JOSÉ ANTONIO
Published: June 2019

The Neotropical genus Isoncondylus, proposed by Amyot and Serville (1843) for Reduvius elongatus Lepeletier & Serville, was cataloged as a valid genus by Stål (1872), Wygodzinsky (1949), and Maldonado Capriles (1990).
Correction to the identification of a pioneer species of Collembola found on Anak Krakatau in 1931
Authors: GREENSLADE PENELOPE
Published: June 2019

The first species of Collembola to be recorded from Anak Krakatau Island in Indonesia was Lepidosira calolepis (Börner, 1913). It was listed as Mesira calolepis by Womersley (1932) and was said to be abundant at the time of collection on the island. This small island was produced in 1929 in the Krakatau Archipelago by volcanic activity some three miles from Krakatau itself (Bristowe 1931). The type species of Mesira Shcherbakov, M. squamoornata, was found to belong to the genus Seira Lubbock (Gisin 1960). As M. calolepis had a two-toothed mucro, it could not belong to Seira and instead was found to belong to the genus Lepidosira Schött because of its mucro, type of scales and other characters. It is now referred to as Lepidosira (Nusasira) calolepis (Börner). This species is fairly common on Irian Jaya, Java and Sumatra (Yoshii and Suhardjoni 1989).
A new species of coralsnake of the genus Calliophis (Squamata: Elapidae) from the Central Province of Sri Lanka
Authors: SMITH ERIC N. , MANAMENDRA-ARACHCHI KELUM , SOMAWEERA RUCHIRA
Published: June 2019

We describe a new species of coralsnake, Calliophis haematoetron, from central Sri Lanka. This is the second species of coralsnake known from the island country, after Calliophis melanurus. It differs from C. melanurus in coloration, possessing a relatively unpigmented head (vs. capped with black from rostrum to nuchal collar), no light spots posterolateral to the parietal plates (vs. one at each side), a banded body dorsum (vs. unicolored), a bright red body venter (vs. orange or yellow through most of the length), and red pigment lateral to the blue under-tail color (vs. no red on tail). It also differs from C. melanurus in aspects of lepidosis, in having a frontal that is shorter or equal in size (vs. longer) than the interparietal suture and a first sublabial that does not touch the second pair of chin-shields (vs. first sublabial broadly touching second pair of chin-shields). The new species is easily distinguished from all other Calliophis species in nearby India and Southeast Asia by characters of external morphology and coloration.
A 100 million year old gecko with sophisticated adhesive toe pads, preserved in amber from Myanmar
Authors: ARNOLD E. NICHOLAS , POINAR GEORGE
Published: June 2019

A new genus and species of gecko is described from a posterior lower limb and foot, and a partial tail, preserved in Lower Cretaceous amber from Myanmar that is 97–110My old. It appears to be the oldest unequivocal fossil gecko, predating fragmentary skeletal remains from the Upper Cretaceous and being 43–56 My older than Yanatarogecko from the Lower Eocene, previously the oldest known gecko preserved in amber. It also provides firm evidence that gekkotans and possibly gekkonids were in Asia at this time. The Myanmar specimen shows, that the distinctive foot proportions and sophisticated adhesive mechanism, involving pads on the toes with transverse lamellae probably bearing numerous hairlike setae found in many modern geckos, had already evolved around 100My ago. The specimen is very small, even compared with juveniles of the smallest living geckos. However, the high numbers of lamellae on its toe pads suggest it is from a juvenile of a species with relatively large adult body size.
New taxa, distribution and biological records of Afrotropical Coraebini Bedel, 1921 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilinae)
Authors: BELLAMY C. L.
Published: June 2019

One new genus and three new species of southern African Coraebini are proposed. Ethiopoeus gen. nov. is described for Meliboeus croesus Obenberger, 1931, yielding E. croesus, comb. nov. The fifth species of Paradorella, P. natalensis sp. nov. is described from South Africa, Kwazulu-Natal, and diagnosed in a key to the genus. The second known species of Pseudokerremansia, P. zuluensis sp. nov. is described from South Africa, Kwazulu-Natal and contrasted with P. arcuata (Péringuey, 1908). The fifth known species of Strandietta, S. austroafricana sp. nov. is described from Entabeni Forest Reserve in South Africa, with a key to the genus. Additional distribution and host records are given for species of Anodontodora Obenberger, 1931, Asymades Kerremans, 1893, Chalcophlocteis Obenberger, 1924, Discoderoides Théry, 1936, Paradorella Obenberger, 1923 and Strandietta Obenberger, 1931. Lectotypes are designated for Chalcophlocteis hauseri Obenberger, 1931 and Meliboeus croesus Obenberger, 1931.
Revision of the Stegana nigrolimbata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from the Oriental Region
Authors: CAO HUA-ZHI , CHEN HONG-WEI
Published: June 2019

The Stegana nigrolimbata species group from the Oriental Region is revised, and composed of seven species, five newly described, S. (S.) belokobylskiji Sidorenko from Vietnam, S. (S.) nigrolimbata Duda, S. (S.) brevibarba sp. nov. and S. (S.) xiaoleiae sp. nov. from south China, S. (S.) capillaria sp. nov., S. (S.) longibarba sp. nov. and S. (S.) multiclavata sp. nov. from east Malaysia. A key to the all species of the group is provided.