bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analiza wybranych zagadnień personalizacji usług bankowych na przykładzie rynku polskiego
Authors:   Politechnika Gdańska, Wydział Zarządzania i Ekonomii, Fyda Patrycja
Published: February 2023

The main subject of the article is a matter of usage and marketing management of channels and web technology in the banking sector for individual customers in Poland. The research focuses on personalization by showing the actual shape of services in a client-oriented environment. The additional purpose of this article is to define ineffective customer service with a not innovative model used in the process. Research is based on literature reports analysis and data analysis. The quantitative study verifies the degree of use of channels for reaching the customer and the use of web technologies with the Polish banking sector as an example. Most of the reports were oriented toward the Polish market, but the definition of personalization is trying to be more open to a larger group of customers. The analysis process shows if banks are using channels and web data compared to active market competitors. As a result, the analysis has led to conclusions on understanding the potential for the use of personalization with recommendations for the future. The paper is practical and presents the process of using selected technology solutions in personalizing services and customer management.
FinTech a nadzór nad rynkiem finansowym w Polsce. Omówienie wybranych barier regulacyjnych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Bubicz Marcin
Published: February 2023

The contemporary dynamic development of innovations and new technologies in financial markets (FinTech) forces national and supranational institutions responsible for supervision over financial markets to undertake effective and coordinated actions in the scope of the conducted supervision. The above need is additionally reinforced by the progressive diffusions between individual segments of the financial market and the increase in the number of entities operating in them, including primarily cross-border entities and conglomerates. The Polish Financial Supervision Authority, in cooperation with public institutions and private entities of the broadly understood financial market, actively participated in the work of the Committee for the development of financial innovations (FinTech), the effect of which was the Working Report of this Committee published in April 2021 on the most significant barriers to FinTech market development in Poland. The purpose of this article is to present selected regulatory barriers identified by the aforementioned Committee in the area of legal conditions and the resulting practical barriers to the exercised supervision over the financial market. The article first presents general issues related to the institutional organization of financial market supervision in Poland. Then, the article focuses on the ideas, structure and the work of the Committee for the development of financial innovations (FinTech). Finally, there is an analysis of the selected regulatory barriers identified by the above-mentioned Committee.
Proces włączenia finansowego w krajach najsłabiej rozwiniętych – szanse i zagrożenia dla rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego
Authors:   Uniwersytecie Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie, Wudkowski Jan ,   Wydział Społeczno-Ekonomiczny
Published: February 2023

The steady and rapid expansion of cashless payments continues worldwide, including in the poorest societies. This article aims to discuss the phenomenon of financial inclusion and to show the opportunities and threats related to its implementation in the least developed countries (LDCs). The scale of socio-technological changes in the group of the poorest countries was described. It was also explained that financial inclusion is a very relevant issue for the ongoing socio-political discourse. The applied research methodology consisted of an analysis of papers and reports prepared primarily by the World Bank and by selected organisations, such as UNCTAD. The FinTech sector plays a special role in the financial inclusion process, including the LDCs. The prominent examples of financial technologies include mobile payments or algorithms that analyze the digital footprint for credit scoring purposes. The research problem discussed in this article examines a difference in perception of motives behind the promotion of financial inclusion in underdeveloped regions, which has been undertaken by numerous influential organisations, as well as various political and philanthropic groups. This could be seen as an element of the ongoing transformation of the global financial system, aimed at building debt-credit relations between the Global North and the Global South. The Conclusions section outlines a way of implementing financial inclusion in the least developed countries that would allow it to reduce its potential threats.
Smocze kwanty. Chińska komputeryzacja w technologiach finansowych
Authors:   Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie, Karwowski Krzysztof
Published: February 2023

Superpower ambitions are the driving force of technological development seen in China in the last decades. After years of recreating and copying Western solutions, the Chinese industry entered the path of implementing innovations, first with the participation of foreign knowhow, and with time – based on the domestic potential. This article aims to outline the current priorities of the Chinese government in the field of computer science, supercomputers, and the fledgling yet dynamic quantum computerization, in the context of the development of financial technologies (FinTech), based on the analysis of the literature and the business press. These data processing technologies, thanks to their support in economic development strategies, are currently being successfully implemented to build multifunctional smart finance platforms and the Chinese national cryptocurrency system based on the digital yuan.
Some Features of the Influence of African Languages on the Development of the Cuban National Version of Spanish
Authors: Ignashina Zoya  Nikolaevna
Published: February 2023

The author discusses the concept of language contacts and their role in the development of national variants of the Spanish language of Latin America. The author pays attention to such aspects as the concept of variability as a key aspect of the functioning of the Spanish language, the classification of language contacts depending on their duration, intensity and degree of influence of languages on each other. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the interference influence of African languages on the formation of the Cuban national variant of Spanish as a representative of the Caribbean dialect-variant group. Africanisms make up a significant layer of lexical units that distinguish the Cuban national variant, forming several lexico-semantic groups directly related to the national culture. The main conclusions of the study may be confirmation of the role of the influence of African languages on the formation of the Cuban national version of Spanish and the importance of language contacts with African languages in the process of forming the Cuban national version. The author draws attention to the frequency of Afrocubanisms, the multiplicity of considering them as markers of dialect division of the considered national variant of the Spanish language. The novelty of the research lies in the analysis of the nature of the interaction of lexemes within the framework of culturally specific groups, the peculiarities of non-equivalent vocabulary as a component of culturally specific phraseological units and the role of the African component in the formation of the national-cultural linguistic specificity of the Spanish language of Cuba and the self-consciousness of the Cuban people.
An Ethnographic Study on Clergymen Concerning the Aetiology and Management of Mental Illness in South Western Nigeria
Authors: Oyewole Adeoye
Published: February 2023

Background: The clergy plays an important role in the care of mentally ill people in developing countries because of the predominant belief that supernatural factors are responsible for mental illness and spiritual healers are sought by the mentally ill and/or their relatives for treatment. This study aimed to assess clergymen’s beliefs about the etiology and treatment of mental illnesses in southwest Nigeria.

Methods: The study was qualitative design and ethnographic in nature, conducted on one hundred and forty-eight clergymen at the Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. A convenient sampling technique was used and Self-administered questionnaires to obtain sociodemographic details. An In-depth/Semi-structured interview involving Focus group discussions (FGD) and key informant interviews (KII) was used for the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The sociodemographic variables were presented on a frequency table.

Results: The study involved hundred and forty-eight respondents with male preponderance. From the focus group discussion and key informant interview, respondents believed that mental illness depends on the victim’s predispositions and could as well result from spiritual attacks directly or indirectly through or from ancestral lineage, genetic factors, or evil forces. Although most of the respondents argued that mental illness is caused solely by spiritual attacks and can only be treated by spiritual means like an exorcism.  However, the majority believed that a holistic approach to treatment must involve the spiritual, psychological and medical.

Conclusion: The factor of theological education shines through in the definition, recognition, treatment, the concept of cure and clergy role in the management and community advocacy for mental illness although within the context of cultural beliefs of supernatural etiology of mental illness. With improved knowledge and their holistic approach to care, the clergymen will be able to effectively work with the orthodox medical practitioners in a wholesome way through an effective referral system, ensuring compliance, rehabilitation and banishing discrimination.
Supply Response Functions of Major Food Grain Crops in Rajasthan
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Sharma Madhu , Shekhawat Ravindra Singh , Rathore V. S. , Manjunatha B. L. , Nathawat N. S.
Published: February 2023

The present study was carried out in Rajasthan state as a whole aiming to study acreage response analysis. Nerlovian acreage response function was employed in the time series data of major food grain crops from 1997-98 to 2020-21. It is concluded that acreage of wheat, paddy, bajra, and gram were mainly controlled by the gross cropped area in current year (t), while the price of last year (t-1) also appeared to be the key determination of acreage allocation analysis. In case of wheat, if the gross irrigated area is increase by one per cent then the percentage of acreage will be increased by 1.04 per cent of the area, while in paddy and bajra, farm harvest price and irrigated area were important factors and influencing acreage response, but their influence was non-significant. In case of gram, if the price is increase by one per cent then the percentage of acreage will be increased by the farmers by 1.02 per cent.
Impact of Self – Help Group in Case of Change in Income of the Rural Women in Cooch Behar District of West Bengal
Authors: Sarkar Victor , Maity Biman , Pradhan Kausik
Published: February 2023

Women empowerment through self- help group constitutes an emerging and rapidly expanding trend towards social and economic development of the nation. Self Help Groups (SHGs) are a cutting-edge and critically important concept to promote women's entrepreneurship, self-employment, and empowerment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of women Self-Help Groups on women empowerment through income generation, increased communication skills, decision-making ability and awareness, and improved social status. The study was conducted in Coochbehar-I and Coochbehar-II block of Coochbehar district. The present study used multi-stage, purposive and simple random sampling methods. The district was selected purposively and blocks, gram panchayats and respondents were selected randomly. The total number of respondents for the study was one hundred eighty (180) women SHG members. After joining SHG, changes in annual income among the members were in low level and changes in empowerment were in medium level among the members of women SHG after joining the women SHG. The prime reason for joining SHG of the women SHG members in the study area is for promoting their savings.
Pedagogical and Assessment Practices towards Competency-based Education in Tanzania Teacher Colleges
Authors: Mwakyobwe Vitalis E. , Shawa Magreth C. K.
Published: February 2023

The study sought to investigate the pedagogical and assessment practices to enhance Competency Based Curriculum in Tanzania Teacher Colleges. Specifically, the study explored tutors’ understanding of the subject competencies as described in teacher education curriculum, examined the competency-based teaching and learning techniques used by tutors in Teacher Colleges and evaluated the tools used by tutors to assess the mastery of the built competencies in Teacher Colleges. The study was conducted in two Teacher colleges in Mbeya Region. A qualitative research approach and descriptive survey design were employed in which data were collected through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions from 50 respondents sampled purposely from curriculum practitioners in Teacher Colleges. Questionnaire data were subjected into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20 to get frequencies and percentages then supported by verbatim quotes from interview and thematic paraphrase from Focus Group Discussions. The results indicates that, most of the tutors were aware of the competencies to be developed to students and the competency-based teaching and learning techniques in their respective teaching subjects as prescribed in the teacher education curriculum. However, such tutors rarely employed the competency-based teaching and learning techniques in their lessons which hamper the development of the intended competencies in the teacher education programme. Therefore, the study concludes that, since the river cannot flow higher than its source, tutors’ understanding of the intended competencies and the competency-based teaching and learning techniques without actual use of such techniques does not impact on the preparation of the competent teachers required to implement competency-based curriculum in schools. From this conclusion, it is recommended that, in-service training for Competency-based teaching should be conducted to all tutors and Management of Teacher Colleges. The practical interview should be conducted to the applicants for tutorship in Teacher Colleges instead of relying on direct placement from University graduates or transferring teachers from schools to Teacher Colleges based on their level or years of experiences. In light of the findings and conclusion of this study, further study may be conducted on developing measuring scales for competency development in teacher education.
The Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Feeding on the Growth of Mutiara Catfish Seeds (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Ashqolani Muhammad Mahfud , Haetami Kiki , Maulina Ine , Mulyani Yuniar
Published: February 2023

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of feeding in the form of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) to increase the growth of the (Clarias gariepinus) mutiara catfish seeds.

Study Design: This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and four replications. The treatments are a combination of commercial feed and maggots consisting of A (control, 100% commercial feed), B (75% commercial feed + 25% dry maggot), C (50% commercial feed + 50% dry maggot) and D (100 % dry maggot).

Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted from August 2022 to September 2022 at the Cipancuh Fish Seed Center, Indramayu Regency. Mutiara catfish seeds were obtained from the Cipancuh Fish Seed Center, commercial feed and dried maggot were obtained from online stores whose quality was guaranteed.

Methodology: The parameters observed in this study were survival, specific growth rate and water quality. The water quality observed included temperature, pH, DO and ammonia levels. Mutiara catfish fry were maintained for 40 days by feeding them three times a day. Length data collection and survival value are carried out every ten days as well as water quality testing using certain tools.

Results: The results showed that the combination of commercial feed and dry maggot had an effect on the specific length growth rate and survival of mutiara catfish seeds. the combination of 50% commercial feed and 50% dry maggot produced the highest specific length growth rate of 16.19%, 75% commercial feed and 25% dry maggot produced a specific length growth rate of 13.36%, with 100% commercial feed % resulted in a specific growth rate of 11.83% and by feeding 100% dry maggot produced the lowest growth rate of 8.03%. The highest survival rate was in treatment D by feeding 100% dry maggot with a value of 91%, the survival rate in the treatment given a combination of 50% commercial feed and 50% dry maggot resulted in a value of 84%, with 75% commercial feeding and maggot dry 25% resulted in a survival rate of 79.50% and the lowest survival rate at 100% commercial feeding was 78.50%. the water quality of the maintenance media is in accordance with the effective requirements for the maintenance of SNI mutiara catfish seeds.

Conclusion: Giving a combination of 50% commercial feed and 50% dry maggot resulted in the highest specific length growth rate of 16.19%. The highest survival rate of mutiara catfish seeds was obtained by feeding 100% dry maggot, which was 91%.
Human Regular Activities Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Akther Sharmin , Nahid Ayat Ullah
Published: February 2023

Capturing commonly occurring behaviors is a tough issue in computer vision. A few of them are recreation, touring, leisure pursuits, and religious practice. A comprehensive effort has already been dedicated to this aspect to deal with this issue. In this work, we recreated a dataset with five categories, including household activities, farming, exercise, sports, and occupation, to identify human daily actions. This collection has 4328 colored images in total, among them 630 are set aside for testing, and 3698 for training. Deep learning and standard image-based strategies are being explored to address the issues. In this paper, we have designed a deep learning paradigm to classify the regular activities of human beings. To characterize people's daily chores, we use the CNN model, one of the greatest tools for visual identification. We also have chosen two already-trained VGG16 and ResNet50 models. When we compare our model with the existing techniques, the investigation's findings demonstrate that the suggested network has a better recognition accuracy of 91%. Additionally, we have observed that accuracy varies throughout different epochs, and after 25 epochs we got better stable results from our model. The reader may find this article instructive in grasping CNN models for various recognizing applications.
Modeling Distributed Agile Software Development for Big Data Projects: Evolution in Process
Authors: Sever Ali
Published: February 2023

Although big data has been around for ages, finding the right development method for the specific domain of big data has always been challenging. Many companies are taking maximum benefits from the large amount of data that is available to them. However, in order to make use of this large amount of data, developing and maintaining a dependable and robust software system is a major problem today. We proposed an enriched nonlinear distributed agile development model in big data applications. The model makes it possible to overcome the difficulties of traditional software process models by pairing up evolving technology of big data and distributed agile methodology. In the paper we, first, present arguments behind the multi-agent model. Next, it is shown how it may help improve the interaction between big data and software development project life cycle. Finally, we suggest how the proposed model can be tested experimentally to show how devising a multi-agent computational system may offer an efficient way of monitoring, managing, and deploying software products in big data applications.
Extraction of Essential Oil from a Leaf of Piper betle L. (Paan) by Hydro-distillation Method
Authors: Sarkar Urmila
Published: February 2023

Piper betle leaf commonly known to be a Paan in India is eaten raw and sometimes with a mixture of areca nut. The leaf is consumed usually after a lunch or dinner. Traditionally the leaf is well known for a health benefits and also chewed as a mouth freshener. A wide range of researches on a Piper betle leaf suggest excellent nutritional benefits on the health. The edible leaf is also known for its specialized essential contents.

The current research attempt is carried out to extract the essential oil from the leaf of Piper betle L. by a Hydro distillation method (Clevenger method). The research successfully concludes the extraction of oil with its efficacy towards the percentage of oil achieved during an extraction process.
Combined Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer on the Activity of the Nitrate Reductase Enzyme in Different Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Sharma Pramod Kumar , Gurjar Rekha , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Devendra , Dabaria Amarnath
Published: February 2023

Some characteristics of nitrogen metabolism were observed in the flag leaf on the main branch of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum L.) In the current study, nine varieties were chosen and planted as test crop using split plot design and replicate at three times, with nutrient dose as the main plot and varieties as the sub plot treatment cultivated at three different soil nitrogen and phosphorus levels (0, 60, and 120 kg/hac) and (0, 30, and 60 kg/hac). These nitrogen and phosphorus levels were handled using four different treatments, where T1 served as the control, T2 as the nitrogen and phosphorus dose at its optimal level, and T3 as the half-nitrogen and full-phosphate fertilizer doses. Fertilizer dosages of T4 that were half nitrogen and half phosphorus were studied. Flag leaf blades were seen to be engaged in NO-3 assimilation. The flag leaf blade had the highest nitrate reductase activity, free amino acid content, and soluble protein content among all the leaf blades. The activity of nitrate reductase was markedly increased by the addition of nitrogen to the soil. The presence of substrate-dependent enzyme activity was demonstrated inflag leaf tissue. A coincidental association between enzyme activity and the buildup of reduced nitrogen in the plant shown the rise in nitrate reductase activity in response to more nitrogen and the increase vegetative reduced nitrogen. A substantial positive connection was discovered between nitrate reductase activity (expressed as molesN/hac.each season) and grain nitrogen (kg N/hac) at maturity because the transfer of vegetative nitrogen to the grain was homogeneous across treatments. Additionally, there was a strong and positive correlation between seasonal nitrate reductase and grain yields (kg/hac.). In cultivars resistant to lodging, maintaining nitrate reductase activity during the reproductive period might boost grain protein production and avoid the decrease of grain protein percentage that is usually seen when grain yields are high.
A Grading System to Assess Female Sexual and Reproductive Psychiatry and Identification of a New Syndrome
Authors: Samajpaty Soham , Ibragimova Gulnaz Minegalievna , Vlasova Anna Stanislavovna
Published: February 2023

Female reproductive and sexual psychiatry is an unexplored arena and little has been done to qualify and quantify the female sexuality and reproductive psychiatry. This work puts forward a systemic quantitative and qualitative study of it. A questionnaire based system termed “Designed Unorganized Random Gynae-psychiatric Assessment” or DURGA was made and used for the purpose. A scale termed as DURGA scale was designed to quantify reproductive behaviour as well. Survey was conducted in Russian population to validate the system and a new syndrome was identified as well. The aim and objective of this research is to understand gynaecological and female sexual psychiatry in depth in correlation with associated psychiatric spectrums. The introduced system as mentioned can be hence used in clinical setup for assessment and by governments to conduct population study and decide national health policy.
Academic and Administrative Perceptions on Total Quality Management Practices
Authors: Salem Milad Abdelnabi , Shawtari Fekri , Emran Hasan Abdulsalam Ali
Published: February 2023

Many studies in the field of TQM have been conducted in recent years. The majority of these studies have addressed the concept in manufacturing. Although few studies have considered the TQM in service sectors such as in the education section, none have considered the role of subculture in implementing TQM practices. This study aims to fill this gap by highlighting the role of subculture in the adoption of TQM practices. The study uses a questionnaire adapted from previous studies that were sent to 399 staff at the Community College of Qatar. The returned questionnaires represent 35% of the sample. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20 version. After ensuring the reliability and validity of the data, an independent-samples t-test was conducted to determine if there is any difference between the two groups (academic and administrative staff) with regard to the implementation of TQM practices. The results revealed that the two groups agree only on the implementation of leadership and vision practice. However, the analysis showed a significant difference between the academic and administrative staff in regard to other dimensions of TQM implementation (quality management system recognition, stakeholders focus, and measuring and continuous improvement). The results open the door for future studies to consider the different cultures within the institution when studying or applying the concept of TQM.
Evaluation of Cefoxitin Disc Diffusion and Chromogenic Agar in the Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Umar A. I. , Garba I. , Ganau A. M.
Published: February 2023

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has a worldwide distribution and is an important cause of clinical and epidemiological problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of some phenotypic methods for the detection of methicillin resistant S. aureus in clinical laboratories. The study is cross sectional. A total of 93 S. aureus isolates were tested using cefoxitin disk diffusion (CDD) and oxacillin resistance screening agar base (ORSAB) with reference to mecA gene PCR. Of the 93 isolates, CDD test showed 34 were MRSA, while ORSAB recorded 42. MecA gene was detected by PCR in 34 of the isolates. The CDD showed 97.1% sensitivity and 98.3% specificity and therefore superior to ORSAB with sensitivity 97.1% and specificity 84.7%. The cefoxitin disk test required no special test conditions and can improve the reliability of routine tests for the detection of MRSA. CDD test can thus be used as a cheap and reliable alternative to PCR for the detection of MRSA in resources limited settings.
Prevalence and Antibiogram of Rothia mucilaginosa and Staphylococcus spp Isolated from Oral Cavity of Students in a Tertiary Institution
Authors: Akani N. P. , Amadi S. C. , Barika P. N. , Akintola A. A.
Published: February 2023

Bacteremia and systemic infection caused by Rothia mucilaginosa and Staphylococcus spp are uncommon and their resistance to antibiotics are becoming overwhelming. Hence, this study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and antibiogram of Rothia mucilaginosa and Staphylococcus spp from oral cavity of students in a Tertiary Institution. A total of fifty (50) specimen were collected from the oral cavity of male and female students in Rivers State University and subjected to standard microbiological procedures such as culturing, isolation, identification as well as antibiotic susceptibility test. Sixty-seven (67) bacterial isolates were identified with Staphylococcus aureus 43(64.2%) occurring most, followed by  Rothia  mucilaginosa 18(26.7%) and Staphylococcus  epidermidis 6(8.9%). All the isolates of Rothia mucilaginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were positive for the presence of haemolysin and catalase enzymes. The results of the percentage occurrence among male and female students revealed that Staphylococcus aureus had the highest occurrence (64.18%:59.38%) followed closely by Rothia mucilaginosa (22.86%:31.25%) while Staphylococcus epidermidis had the least prevalence (8.95%:9.37%) in male and female respectively. The result of the susceptibility patterns showed that majority of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Rothia mucilaginosa were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin (90.70%; 100%; 83.33%) and gentamicin (76.74%; 83.33%: 100%), and highly resistant to azithromycin (44.19% and 66.67%) for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Rothia mucilaginosa were highly resistant to ampiclox (61.11%). The results of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices, showed that 86.05% of S. aureus;  83.33% of R. mucilaginosa and 100% of S. epidermidis had MAR indices ≥ 0.2. This study displays serious threat to public health because these microorganisms which showed some virulent factors such as production of haemolysin and catalase enzymes may cause life threatening infections in immunocompromised persons. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics to prevent increased antimicrobial resistance is advocated.
Production of High-Octane Number Gasoline from Basra Low Octane-Number Gas Condensate and Ethanol over Modified Zn/ZSM5 Zeolite Catalyst
Authors: Salim Mohammed Abdulrazzaq , Saed Usama Akram
Published: February 2023

Catalytic transformation of a low-octane number stable gas condensate to high-octane number gasoline (RON: research octane number) is an economically and strategically vital process. In this research, modifying ZSM5 zeolite (80 Si/Al ratio) by impregnation with 2% Zn (Zn/ZSM5) was carried out to increase the selectivity for isomerization and aromatization thereby enhance the octane number. The process was conducted by using stable gas condensate 85 vol% with 15 vol% ethanol in a fixed bed reactor. Zn/ZSM5 and ZSM5 were examined in a pilot scale under different conditions temperature 360-420 °C LHSV1.2-2 h−1, pressure 5 bar. Catalysts were characterized before and after Zn loading using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and N2-adsorption. The SEM, FESEM, and TEM have shown that no change in morphology and metal distribution. The XRD and FTIR characterizations revealed the modified catalysts retained their crystallinity after metal impregnation while N2-adsorption isotherm demonstrates no significant change in porosity. The results of Zn/ZSM5 display an optimum result at 420 °C, 1.2 h−1, 5 bar with enhancement of RON from 60.5 to 89 whereas ZSM5 shows RON enhancement from 60.5 to 82. Post Zn loading, PONA test has shown an increase for iso-paraffin from 45.4 to 47.4%, and aromatics from 10.8 to 14. The findings translate the effectiveness of using Zn on ZSM5 for gas condensate – gasoline transformation. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
An Autofluorescent Hydrogel with Water‐Dependent Emission for Dehydration‐Visualizable Smart Wearable Electronics
Authors: Wang Yilei , Liu Hao , Xie Hui , Zhou Shaobing
Published: February 2023

Wearable flexible electronics that are derived from hydrogels inevitably undergo dehydration, and the sensing performance is highly affected because the stretchability and conductivity weaken. Monitoring the water retention rate of hydrogels as they operate without dismantling the assembled sensing device is vital for evaluating sensing performances and intervening in a timely manner to address the problem. However, relevant research is still lacking. Herein, an autofluorescent hydrogel is engineered based on clusterization‐triggered emission (CTE) for wearable strain‐sensing electronics that can undergo self‐visualizing dehydration. The fluorescence intensity of the CTE‐type autofluorescent hydrogel depends on the aggregation level of molecule clusters that are dangled on the gel networks, which is dominated by the water retention rate of the hydrogel. Thus, the dehydration process can be reflected by the fluorescent images taken in a scenario of long‐term strain‐sensing. This strategy helps the operator evaluate the water retention rate of the hydrogel without removing it from the assembled electronics and then quickly address the problem. In addition, this strategy is also applicable for dehydration‐tolerant systems, demonstrating the versatility of the autofluorescent hydrogel. Overall, the CTE‐type autofluorescent hydrogel will promote the development of high‐performance and smart wearable electronics.
Analysis and Experiment of Self‐Powered, Pulse‐Based Energy Harvester Using 400 V FEP‐Based Segmented Triboelectric Nanogenerators and 98.2% Tracking Efficient Power Management IC for Multi‐Functional IoT Applications
Authors: Chandrarathna Seneke Chamith , Graham Sontyana Adonijah , Ali Muhammad , Ranaweera Arambewaththe Lekamalage Aruna Kumara , Karunarathne Migara Lakshitha , Yu Jae Su , Lee Jong‐Wook
Published: February 2023

A self‐powered system for the Internet of Things (IoT) is demonstrated for efficient energy harvesting of naturally available mechanical energy. In this system, new contact‐separation mode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), based on fluorinated ethylene propylene, are investigated using the segmented multi‐TENG configuration to reduce the effect of parasitic capacitance. The TENG extraction is optimized using a unit step excitation involved with the Dawson function to achieve a high voltage (400 V) and a high current (26.6 µA). To fully extract the power of the TENGs, the power management integrated circuit (PMIC) specially designed for adaptively controlled, high‐voltage (HV) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is proposed. The PMIC implemented in a bipolar CMOS‐DMOS 180 nm process can handle a wide input range (5–70 V) by consuming 420 nW. The MPPT control allows a wide range of impedance matching from 10 to 300 MΩ, achieving a tracking efficiency of up to 98.2%. The end‐to‐end efficiency of 88% demonstrates state‐of‐the‐art performance. To supply a higher instantaneous power than that available from the TENGs, a duty‐cycling technique is successfully demonstrated. The proposed energy harvesting system provides a promising approach to realizing sustainable and autonomous energy sources for various IoT applications.
Advances in Wearable Strain Sensors Based on Electrospun Fibers
Authors: Gao Zhiyuan , Xiao Xiao , Carlo Aiden Di , Yin Junyi , Wang Yanxin , Huang Linjun , Tang Jianguo , Chen Jun
Published: February 2023

Wearable strain sensors with the ability of detecting physiological activities play an important role in personalized healthcare. Electrospun fibers have become a popular building block for wearable strain sensors due to their excellent mechanical properties, breathability, and light weight. In this review, the structure and preparation process of electrospun fibers and the conductive layer are systematically introduced. The impact of materials and structures of electrospun fibers on the wearable strain sensors with a following discussion of sensing performance optimization strategies is outlined. Furthermore, the applications of electrospun fiber‐based wearable strain sensors in biomonitoring, motion detection, and human‐machine interaction are presented. Finally, the challenges and promising future directions for the community of wearable strain sensors based on electrospun fibers are pointed out.
Graphene Oxide Based Transparent Resins For Accurate 3D Printing of Conductive Materials
Authors: Tilve‐Martinez David , Neri Wilfrid , Horaud Dylan , Vukadinovic Nicolas , Berton Benoit , Desmedt Arnaud , Yuan Jinkai , Poulin Philippe
Published: February 2023

Digital Light Processing (DLP) allows the fast realization of 3D objects with high spatial resolution. However, DLP is limited to transparent resins, and therefore not well suited for printing electrically conductive materials. Manufacturing conductive materials will significantly broaden the spectrum of applications of the DLP technology. But conductive metals or carbon‐based fillers absorb and scatter light; inhibiting thereby photopolymerization, and lowering resolution. In this study, UV transparent liquid crystal graphene oxide (GO) is used as precursor for generating in situ conductive particles. The GO materials are added to a photopolymerizable resin via an original solvent exchange process. By contrast to earlier contributions, the absence of drying during the all process allows the GO material to be transferred as monolayers to limit UV scattering. The absence of UV scattering and absorption allows for fast and high‐resolution 3D printing. The chosen resin sustain high temperature to enable an in situ efficient thermal reduction of GO into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) that is electrically conductive. The rGO particles form percolated networks with conductivities up to 1.2 × 10−2 S m−1. The present method appears therefore as a way to reconcile the DLP technology with the manufacturing of 3D electrically conductive objects.
Regulating Inorganic and Organic Components to Build Amorphous‐ZnFx Enriched Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase for Highly Reversible Zn Metal Chemistry
Authors: Liang Guojin , Tang Zijie , Han Bing , Zhu Jiaxiong , Chen Ao , Li Qing , Chen Ze , Huang Zhaodong , Li Xinliang , Yang Qi , Zhi Chunyi
Published: February 2023

The introduction of inorganic crystallites into a solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) is an effective strategy for improving the reversibility of the Zn metal anode (ZMA). However, the structure–performance relationship of the SEI is not fully understood because the existing forms of its inorganic and organic components in their pristine states are not resolved. Here, a highly effective SEI is constructed for ZMA using a bisolvent electrolyte and resolved its composition/structure by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. This highly fluorinated SEI with amorphous inorganic ZnFx uniformly distributed in the organic matrix is largely different from the common mosaic and multilayer SEIs with crystalline inorganics. It features improved structural integrity, mechanical toughness, and Zn2+ ion conductivity. Consequently, the ZMA exhibits excellent reversibility with an enhanced plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency of 99.8%. The ZMA‐based full cell achieves a high Zn utilization ratio of 54% at a practical areal capacity of 3.2 mAh cm−2 and stable cycling over 1800 h during which the accumulated capacity reached 5600 mAh cm−2. This research highlights the detailed structure and composition of amorphous SEIs for highly reversible metal anodes.
2‐nm‐Thick Indium Oxide Featuring High Mobility
Authors: Nguyen Chung Kim , Mazumder Aishani , Mayes Edwin LH , Krishnamurthi Vaishnavi , Zavabeti Ali , Murdoch Billy J. , Guo Xiangyang , Aukarasereenont Patjaree , Dubey Aditya , Jannat Azmira , Wei Xiaotian , Truong Vi Khanh , Bao Lei , Roberts Ann , McConville Chris F. , Walia Sumeet , Syed Nitu , Daeneke Torben
Published: February 2023

Thin film transistors (TFTs) are key components for the fabrication of electronic and optoelectronic devices, resulting in a push for the wider exploration of semiconducting materials and cost‐effective synthesis processes. In this report, a simple approach is proposed to achieve 2‐nm‐thick indium oxide nanosheets from liquid metal surfaces by employing a squeeze printing technique and thermal annealing at 250 °C in air. The resulting materials exhibit a high degree of transparency (>99 %) and an excellent electron mobility of ≈96 cm2 V−1 s−1, surpassing that of pristine printed 2D In2O3 and many other reported 2D semiconductors. UV‐detectors based on annealed 2D In2O3 also benefit from this process step, with the photoresponsivity reaching 5.2 × 104 and 9.4 × 103 A W−1 at the wavelengths of 285 and 365 nm, respectively. These values are an order of magnitude higher than for as‐synthesized 2D In2O3. Utilizing transmission electron microscopy with in situ annealing, it is demonstrated that the improvement in device performances is due to nanostructural changes within the oxide layers during annealing process. This work highlights a facile and ambient air compatible method for fabricating high‐quality semiconducting oxides, which will find application in emerging transparent electronics and optoelectronics.
Hydrogen‐Bond‐Mediated Surface Functionalization of Boron Nitride Micro‐Lamellae toward High Thermal Conductive Papers
Authors: Yu Shulei , Liao PeiChi , Zhang Yilin , Li Yifei , Tian Huifeng , Li Ruijie , Liu Shizhuo , Yao Zhixin , Li Zhenjiang , Wang Yihan , Zhang Lina Yang , U SASAKI , Guo Junjie , Wang Lifen , Bai Shulin , Chen Ji , Bai Xuedong , Liu Lei
Published: February 2023

Wide‐bandgap, layered hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) possesses excellent electrical insulation and ultrahigh thermal conductivity simultaneously, offering a perfect candidate for the growing demands of heating dissipations in modern chip industries and power electronics. Hybrids of h‐BN with polymers fulfill the thermal management materials (TMMs) requirement of flexibility, while the composite poses severe challenges in the interfacial bonding and excess thermal resistance. To date, the practical bonding between h‐BN intrinsic surfaces and polymer matrices remains elusive. This work reports on the effective alignment of h‐BN micro‐lamellae by introducing nitrogen‐atoms‐containing polymers as inter‐lamellae bridging mediums. Based on theoretical calculations the hydrogen bonding between polymer chains and the BN surface is revealed by differential charge densities mapping. It is shown experimentally that the neuron‐like polymer bundles strongly bonding surfaces of two neighboring h‐BN platelets as direct, microscopic evidence of the structure models. An extra alignment of h‐BN induced by this strong interfacial interaction leads to a higher degree of h‐BN stacking order, boosting the thermal conduction by eight times. These results reveal one unprecedented method to non‐covalently functionalize the h‐BN surface and expand the TMMs family in the dimension of the filler size, paving the way for exploring the larger‐sized ceramic TMMs.
Thermally Stable Self‐Trapped Assisted Single‐Component White Light from Lead‐Free Zero‐Dimensional Metal Halide Nanocrystals
Authors: Samanta Tuhin , Viswanath Noolu Srinivasa Manikanta , Jang Sung Woo , Min Jeong Wan , Cho Han Bin , Han Joo Hyeong , Im Won Bin
Published: February 2023

White‐light‐emitting single‐component materials are in high demand for lighting applications. However, achieving white light in single‐doped metal halide materials remains a challenge. Herein, for the first time, zero‐dimensional Cs3ScCl6:Sb3+(CSC:Sb3+) nanocrystals (NCs) are reported that exhibit bright white‐light emission, which is a result of combination of the excessive blue and yellow emissions of carbon dots and spin‐forbidden electronic transitions of Sb3+ ions. CSC:Sb3+ NCs exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 48%. Furthermore, they retain 75% of their original photoluminescence efficiency at 100 °C. This high thermal stability is mainly attributed to its lower dimensionality and high exciton binding energy as they facilitate the creation of stable white light at elevated temperatures. A single‐component white‐light‐emitting diode fabricated using CSC:Sb3+ NCs exhibits a high‐color rendering index and luminous efficacy values of 90 and 23 lm W−1 at a high flux current of 200 mA. Therefore, the findings may pave the way for developing the next generation of white‐light‐emitting devices using a single component of white‐light‐emitting material.
Increasing the Power: Absorption Bleach, Thermal Quenching, and Auger Quenching of the Red‐Emitting Phosphor K2TiF6:Mn4+
Authors: de Wit Jur W. , van Swieten Thomas P. , van de Haar Marie Anne , Meijerink Andries , Rabouw Freddy T.
Published: February 2023

Mn4+‐doped fluorides are popular phosphors for warm‐white lighting, converting blue light from light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) into red light. However, they suffer from droop, that is, decreasing performance at increasing power, limiting their applicability for high‐power applications. Previous studies highlight different causes of droop. Here, a unified picture of droop of Mn4+‐doped K2TiF6, accounting for all previously proposed mechanisms, is provided. Combining continuous‐wave and pulsed experiments on samples of different Mn4+content with kinetic Monte Carlo modeling, the contributions of absorption bleach, thermal quenching, and Auger quenching at different excitation densities, are quantified. This work contributes to understanding the fundamental limitations of these materials and may inspire strategies to make Mn4+‐doped fluorides more efficient in high‐power applications.
Spin‐Manipulated Photonic Skyrmion‐Pair for Pico‐Metric Displacement Sensing
Authors: Yang Aiping , Lei Xinrui , Shi Peng , Meng Fanfei , Lin Min , Du Luping , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: February 2023

Photonic spin skyrmions with deep‐subwavelength features have aroused considerable interest in recent years. However, the manipulation of spin structure in the skyrmions in a desired manner is still a challenge, while this is crucial for developing the skyrmion‐based applications. Here, an approach of optical spin manipulation by utilizing the spin‐momentum equation is proposed to investigate the spin texture in a photonic skyrmion‐pair. With the benefit of the proposed approach, a unique spin texture with spin angular momentum varying linearly along the line connecting the two skyrmion centers is theoretically designed and experimentally verified. The optimized spin texture is then applied in a displacement‐sensing system, which is capable of attaining pico‐metric sensitivity. Compared with the conventional polarization and phase schemes, the spin‐based manipulation mechanism provides a new pathway for optical modulation, which is of great value in nanophotonics from both fundamental and application.
Cryo‐Electron Tomography of Toxoplasma gondii Indicates That the Conoid Fiber May Be Derived from Microtubules
Authors: Li Zhixun , Du Wenjing , Yang Jiong , Lai De‐Hua , Lun Zhao‐Rong , Guo Qiang
Published: February 2023

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis and can infect numerous warm‐blooded animals. An improved understanding of the fine structure of this parasite can help elucidate its replication mechanism. Previous studies have resolved the ultrastructure of the cytoskeleton using purified samples, which eliminates their cellular context. Here the application of cryo‐electron tomography to visualize T. gondii tachyzoites in their native state is reported. The fine structure and cellular distribution of the cytoskeleton are resolved and analyzed at nanometer resolution. Additionally, the tachyzoite structural characteristics are annotated during its endodyogeny for the first time. By comparing the structural features in mature tachyzoites and their daughter buds, it is proposed that the conoid fiber of the Apicomplexa originates from microtubules. This work represents the detailed molecular anatomy of T. gondii, particularly during the budding replication stage of tachyzoite, and provides a reference for further studies of this fascinating organism.