bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kontradiksi colonizer dengan colonized dalam cerpen Di Mana Kepala JP Coen?
Authors: Fadilah Nurmilah , Ismail Indira
Published: December 2024

Edward Said's concept of orientalism in the short story Di mana Kepala JP Coen? (2024) by Dewanto Amin Sadono raises the complexity of the binary opposition of Indonesia and the Netherlands through stereotypical discursive that causes objectivity towards Indonesia women as mistresses and exotic. This study aims to dismantle the contradiction of views between the Netherlands (colonizer) and the Indonesia (colonized) after the colonial period ended. The method used in the research is in the form of a qualitative descriptive method to clarify the data that describe the construction of orientalism. The data collection technique in this study uses reading, observing, recording, and classifying techniques. The results of this study show the development of binary opposition that describes the Indonesia nation as having oriental traits, such as backward, uncivilized, and exotic, while the West is an ideal nation. The complexity of the binary opposition shows the resistance of indigenous women and the power of the Indonesia nation to dominate the postcolonial historical discourse. Short Story Di mana Kepala JP Coen? (2024) is a criticism of orientalism in the continuation of the meaning of representation of East with West as inferior and superior parties. This is a form towards equality and liberation of the colonized from the colonizer.
Perwujudan nilai sosial dan pelestarian budaya dalam ritual bersih desa Tlogomas Malang: tinjauan antropolinguistik
Authors: Wulan Diah Ayu
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the Karuman tradition procession, lexical and cultural meanings in the supporting elements of the village clean tradition, and elements that have cultural meanings to support the creation of values in the Karuman tradition through an anthropolinguistic approach. This ritual functions as a form of community gratitude for welfare, safety, and respect for ancestors. The research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, where data were collected through interviews and direct observation of the ritual procession. Data analysis followed the Miles & Huberman model, which includes data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the clean village ritual contains various symbols and cultural values expressed through language, actions, and traditional symbols. For example, elements of offerings such as incense, frankincense, and traditional food have a literal meaning and deep cultural meaning in the spiritual and social life of the Tlogomas community. Anthropolinguistic studies highlight how language and symbols in this ritual function to maintain the sustainability of local culture amid the influence of modernity. The findings confirm that the clean village ritual in Tlogomas serves as a means of cultural preservation and strengthens social values such as mutual cooperation, helping, and kinship.
Historiography of the novel Min Hikayati Jaddati by Suhayr al-Qalamawy: a study of new historicism
Authors: Syarofina Mahjatin Nabilah , Zawawi Moh.
Published: December 2024

The nineteenth century was distinguished by a period of considerable turbulence and strife between Europe and the Middle East. One such event was the Battle of Alexandria and the subsequent outbreak of the Mahdi Revolution in Sudan. Suhayr al-Qalamawy's historical novel Min Hikayati Jaddati is the object of this research. The novel recounts the experience of a grandmother attempting to ascertain the whereabouts of her three children, who had enlisted in the Egyptian army under the command of Urabi in the conflict against the British. This research examines the economic and political representations in the novel Min Hikayati Jaddati through the lens of new historicism. The research method employed is a qualitative narrative with a new historicism approach model. The findings of this research relate to the strategy of the British forces in paralyzing the Urabi forces in Tal Kabir, which killed many people, thus affecting the political factors at that time, namely the change of power from the hands of Ismail Pasha to Khedive Tawfiq. The economic impact that arose after the war was the increase in food prices, which resulted in the instability of the country's economy and the rise in poverty.
Needs analysis of expository writing teaching materials based on Toulmin's argumentation patterns
Authors: Boeriswati Endry , Eriyani Reni Nur , Wibawani Sri
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the needs of teaching materials for writing exposition based on Toulmin's argumentation pattern. Through observations, interviews, and document studies, it was found that students' argumentation skills still tend to be low. The existing teaching materials are considered inadequate in providing clear and systematic guidance to build strong arguments. The results of the analysis show that students predominantly use basic argumentation patterns and have difficulty in developing complex argumentation. This can also be seen from the learning outcomes of students who are at an average score of 61.37 in the poor category. This illustrates that most learners still need significant improvement in writing expositions. Then, the standard deviation of 12.854 shows the diversity of learners' abilities in writing expositions. This is in line with the results of interviews with teachers that students' abilities in writing expositions vary; most are still in the basic stage, but there are also students who show good potential, although they still need further guidance. Therefore, the development of teaching materials that integrate Toulmin's argumentation pattern is considered very relevant to improve students' exposition writing skills.
Language games in the Dayak tribe: a study of meaning and language structure
Authors: Triyoga Anwar Ibrahim , Mubarok Ahmad , Purwanti Purwanti
Published: December 2024

This study examines the dynamics of language use, particularly the Dayak Maanyan language in Kalimantan, using the framework of language games in Wittgenstein's philosophy of language. This study focuses on analyzing the orientation of thought in the use of the Dayak Maanyan language, outlining the rules of games in its expressions, and evaluating the compatibility of Wittgenstein's concept of language games with the Dayak Maanyan language. Utilizing a qualitative approach through literature studies, data were collected from various relevant scientific publications on the Dayak language and culture, as well as Wittgenstein's theory of language games. The findings reveal that the Dayak Maanyan language, through its diverse dialects and communicative practices, serves not only as a tool for communication, but also as a medium for strengthening social identity and preserving cultural traditions. This language reflects the cultural values and social structures of the Dayak community, in which the meaning of language emerges from its contextual use in daily life and specific social practices. These results align with Wittgenstein's philosophical concept, which emphasizes that meaning arises from use. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between language, meaning, and social practices in multicultural societies, particularly in the Dayak community.
Consideraciones sobre algunos indicadores de gestión en Extensión Universitaria en el ámbito de las Ciencias de la Salud
Authors: Mazzeo Marcelo Adrián , Bachmeier Evelin , Francia Catalina Melchora
Published: December 2024

En la actualidad, escasos reportes hacen alusiónsobre experiencias de gestión de la Extensión Universitariaen el ámbito de las Universidades Públicas.Esta situación sugiere un novedoso desafío comunicacionalpara quienes tuvieron o tienen la responsabilidadde contribuir al intercambio reflexiones quefaciliten la promoción de este pilar sustantivo de laEducación Superior. En el presente manuscrito, fueronrevisados algunos lineamientos en el campo delas Ciencias de la Salud a modo de disparadores y afavor de la permanente interacción entre los actorescomprometidos en dichos espacios. El análisisconceptual planteado, propuesto para el abordajetransversal del mentado diálogo de saberes. ha sidoextrapolado como resultado de ensayos anterioresde nuestra autoría puestos al servicio de los actoresuniversitarios y de la comunidad.
Features of Terrestrial Laser 3D Scanning Technology for Pavement Condition Assessment
Authors: Batrakova Angelika , Shelkova Iryna , Dorozhko Yevhen , Sarkisian Hor , Urdzik Serhii
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Problem. Traditional methods of road condition monitoring have limitations in terms of data accuracy and completeness, particularly in the detection of surface defects. There is a need for methods that provide accurate, rapid data collection to support effective maintenance and repair planning. Goal. The goal of this study is to develop and optimise a methodology for terrestrial 3D laser scanning and to provide practical recommendations for its application in road surface monitoring. Methodology. The proposed methodology examines the effectiveness of terrestrial laser scanning on road segments, addressing parameters such as optimal station count, placement and scanning mode to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection. The Trimble TX6 scanner is used as an example, with specifications including a range of up to 120 metres, 2 mm accuracy and an adjustable scanning speed of up to 500,000 points per second. Results. The research identifies optimal setups for different road segments, covering short (~100–150 m) and long (up to 1000 m) sections, as well as complex road infrastructure such as multi-level interchanges. The results demonstrate the ability of the 3D scanning method to detect various linear and areal pavement defects. Originality. This study advances the field by developing specific recommendations for station positioning and scanning protocols, addressing blind spots, and ensuring data integrity for 3D modelling. Practical value. The application of this technology supports detailed analysis of pavement condition, significantly increasing the efficiency of data processing and improving repair planning and material estimation. The results are beneficial for transport infrastructure management, enabling more reliable monitoring and maintenance practices
Determining The Conditions For The Efficient Use Of Resources In The Warehouse System
Authors: Pavlenko Olexiy , Ryzhykov Mykola
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Problem. For manufacturing enterprises, it is very important to reduce production and logistics costs, and one of the resource-intensive elements of this system is warehousing. Therefore, the need to establish conditions for the efficient use of material and warehouse resources is identified. Goal. The goal is to reduce the total cost of operating the built warehouse system by introducing efficient conditions for the use of resources. Methodology. A structural model of the warehouse system elements has been developed, which takes into account the main features of technological interaction of subsystems for processing incoming, internal and external flows of containers, packaging and finished products. To determine the conditions for efficient use of resources in the functioning of the warehouse system, it is proposed to use the evaluation parameter - the total cost of the warehouse system of a production enterprise. The parameters of external influence are the following intensities of flows determined by the warehouse process of a manufacturing enterprise: input, internal, and output. It is proposed to consider three options for the use of human and material resources. Originality. The article develops forecasting models of a degree type for three proposed three variants of use of material and human resources in functioning of warehouse systems of production enterprises. The obtained dependencies allow obtaining decisionmaking conditions depending on the intensity of incoming, internal and outgoing cargo flows. Practical value. Determining the conditions for using resources at the lowest possible total cost. The least costly option is to use two operators in each warehouse subsystem and one mechanism
Increasing the durability of soldering wearresistant steel by regulating the redistribution of thermal stresses
Authors: Bagrov Valery
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Problem. The tangential load has a significant influence on the stress state during pressure treatment of metals in the contact zone and on the nature of fatigue failure. As a result of plastic deformations, stresses are redistributed in places of concentration of defects. Since the amount of plastic displacements depends on the level of tangential stresses, the critical number of internal breaks in the material should increase with the increase in the intensity of stresses σ, as the quantity responsible for the formation of the material. Goal. The purpose of the work is to determine the critical values of external loads and the angle of initial propagation of cracks (crack-type defects) at which local or complete destruction of the body will occur. Methodology. Brazing with wear-resistant alloys of the Cr-MnTi-Si and Cr-Mn-Mo-Ti-Si systems was carried out on samples made of 50HNM steel according to the "slide" scheme with flux-cored wire. The effect of temperature on the strength and wear resistance of alloys was studied at elevated temperatures under the conditions of a volumetric stress state using the calculated criterion equations of fracture mechanics. Calculations were made using Mathcad software.Originality. It is theoretically substantiated that at temperatures of 673...873 K and large ratios of crack radii to their depth, mechanical and thermal stresses are responsible for the destruction of the investigated wear-resistant alloys, with an increase in temperature and a decrease in the ratio of the crack radius to its depth, a factor that affects their destruction, there is accumulated plastic deformation. Practical value. Analysis of the results of the influence of temperature stresses on the ultimate external load shows: – at T=673 K, the temperature stresses are 33% of the destructive load;– at T=793 K, the temperature stresses are 44% of the destructive load; – at T=893 K, temperature stresses are 50% of the destructive load
Control of the size and distribution of residual macronapples by rolling rollers
Authors: Subbotina Valeriia , Belozerov Valerii , Subbotin Oleksandr , Volkov Oleg , Knyazev Sergiy , Ryaboshtan Valentyn , Subbotin Yaroslav , Fesyukov Sergey
Published: December 2024

Abstract. To increase the fatigue strength of parts, surface plastic deformation (SPD) is used by rolling. This creates a residual stress state that affects the fatigue strength of parts. This paper shows the possibility of controlling the level and distribution of residual macrostresses in the surface layer of parts by rolling. This makes it possible to optimize the modes of PPD for critical, heavily loaded parts subjected to cyclic loads during operation. Problem. Controlling the magnitude and distribution of residual macro-stresses, which will increase their stability during cyclic loading of parts and, as a result, increase the fatigue strength of parts after hardening of the PPD. Goal. Study of the formation of residual stress state and control of the magnitude and distribution of residual macro-stresses. Methodology. To solve this problem, macrostresses were determined by the X-ray method. The advantage of this method is its localization, the ability to analyze the distribution of residual stresses in depth. It is the use of this advantage of the method that made it possible to identify features in the distribution of residual stresses on the surface and in the depth of the hardened layer of parts after rolling. Originality. The ability to control the level of residual stresses in the surface layer. Practical value. By changing the pumping modes, it is possible to ensure the required level of residual stresses on the surface and create the required residual stress distribution pattern over the depth, there by increasing the efficiency of the SPD.
Cognitive Impairment in MASLD is associated with Amygdala-Related Connectivity Dysfunction in the Prefrontal and Sensory Cortex
Authors: Jin Yihan , Tang Ruoyu , Wu Liqiang , Xu Kuanghui , Chen Xiaofei , Zhu Yaxin , Shi Junping , Li Jie
Published: December 2024

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a common metabolism-related multisystem clinical disorder, often accompanied by a high comorbidity of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Increasing evidence suggests that the amygdala is crucial in cognitive processing during metabolic dysfunction. Nevertheless, the role of the amygdala in the neural mechanisms of MASLD with MCI (MCI_MASLD) remains unclear. Methods: A total of 74 MASLD patients (43 with MCI_MASLD and 31 without MCI [nonMCI_MASLD]) and 62 demographic-matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and psychological scale assessments. Liver fat content and blood index measurements were performed on the patients. Using the bilateral amygdala as seeds, the seed-based functional connectivity (FC) maps were calculated and one-way analysis of covariance with post hoc tests was performed to investigate the difference among the three groups. Results: Compared to nonMCI_MASLD patients, MCI_MASLD patients demonstrated enhanced FC between the right amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), while reduced FC between the left amygdala and the left supplementary motor area (SMA). Interestingly, the FC values of the mPFC were correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) scores and liver controlled attenuation parameters, and the FC values of the SMA were also correlated with the MoCA scores. Furthermore, the FC values between the bilateral amygdala and regions within the frontal-limbic-mesencephalic circuits were higher in MASLD patients when compared to HC. Conclusions: Aberrant FC of the amygdala can provide potential neuroimaging markers for MCI in MASLD, which is associated with amygdala-related connectivity disturbances in areas related to cognition and sensory processing. Moreover, visceral fat accumulation may exacerbate brain dysfunction.
Effect of Virtual Reality-Based Training on Upper Limb Dysfunction during Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: A Meta-Analysis Combined with Meta-Regression
Authors: Zhang Jiali , Jiang Xin , Xu Qiuzhu , Cai Enli , Ding Hao
Published: December 2024

Background: Recently, there has been a surge in virtual reality (VR)-based training for upper limb (UL) rehabilitation, which has yielded mixed results. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effects of conventional therapy combined with VR-based training on UL dysfunction during post-stroke rehabilitation. Methods: Studies published in English before May 2023 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. We also included randomized controlled trials that compared the use of conventional therapy and VR-based training with conventional therapy alone in post-stroke rehabilitation. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager Software (version 5.3; The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration; Copenhagen, Denmark) and Stata/MP 17.0 (StataCorp, LLC, College Station, TX, USA). Univariate and multivariate meta-regression analyses were performed to investigate the effects of stroke duration, VR characteristics, and type of conventional therapy on VR-based training. Results: In total, 27 randomized controlled trials were included, which enrolled 1354 patients. Our results showed that conventional therapy plus VR-based training is better than conventional therapy alone in UL motor impairment recovery measured using Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07–0.57, Z = 2.52, p = 0.01). Meta-regression showed that stroke duration had independent effects on Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity scores of VR-based training in rehabilitation (p = 0.041). Furthermore, in subgroup analysis based on stroke duration, stroke duration >6 months was statistically significant (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.01–0.39, Z = 2.06, p = 0.04). No relevant publication bias (p = 0.1303), and no significant difference in activity limitation assessed using the Box-Block Test (mean difference [MD] = 2.79, 95% CI: –0.63–6.20, Z = 1.60, p = 0.11) was observed. Regarding the functional independence measured using the Functional Independence Measure scale, studies presented no significant difference between the experimental and control groups (MD = 1.15, 95% CI: –1.84–4.14, Z = 0.76, p = 0.45). Conclusions: Conventional therapy plus VR-based training is superior to conventional therapy alone in promoting the recovery of UL motor function after stroke. Therefore, VR-based training may be a potential option for improving UL motor function. The study was registered on PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/), registration number: CRD42023472709.
The Impact of Al-Shabr-Based Reframing Techniques on The Self-Esteem of Workplace-Bullying Victims
Authors: Diaz Anna Bella , Nugraha Suci , Rozana Anna
Published: December 2024

Bullying occurs not only among children but also among adults, especially in the workplace. Rejection, negative treatment, and a lack of appreciation in the work environment can affect self-esteem. It is crucial to enhance self-esteem in the context of work because work takes up a significant portion of an individual’s life and can impact their well-being. The application of Al-Shabr (commonly known as patience) with reframing techniques, focusing on resilience, perseverance, and steadfastness, aims to build confidence and optimism, develop resilience in facing challenges, and make efforts to overcome issues by setting new goals. This study, conducted on three workers experiencing workplace bullying and the resulting low self-esteem, used a one-group pre-test post-test design and was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The statistical results indicate that there are differences in results after implementing Al-Shabr-based reframing techniques, but the effect is not significant in terms of increasing the self-esteem of workers who experience bullying. The increase in scores showed that Al-Shabr-based reframing techniques had an impact on improving the self-esteem of workers who experienced bullying. Al-Shabr-based reframing techniques are promising and easy to implement but need to be tested on a wider sample.
Integration of Islamic Values and Malay Culture in the Development of Halal Tourism Destinations in South Lampung
Authors: Addzaky Khoirul Umam , Mustofa Muhammad , Arifin Andieni Putri Olivia
Published: December 2024

The development of halal tourism encounters the challenge of harmonizing Islamic values with local cultural traditions, ensuring that the authenticity of both is preserved and respected. This phenomenon is seen in South Lampung, where there is an urgent need to develop a halal tourism model that is harmonious with the local Malay culture. This study aims to analyze the process of integration of Islamic values and Malay culture in the development of halal tourism, identify the characteristics of culture-based halal tourism destinations, and formulate strategies to optimize the development of halal tourism in South Lampung. Through an ethnographic approach with in-depth observation, interviews and documentation analysis in three main destinations: Muara Indah Beach, Pasir Putih Beach, and Dermaga Bom Culinary Tourism. The results revealed a unique integration model based on the philosophy of “Piil Pesenggiri” which was successfully harmonized with sharia principles in the development of tourist destinations. This model is manifested in the implementation of “Islamic hospitality” that blends with the value of “Nemui Nyimah”, adaptation of traditional performing arts according to sharia standards, and preservation of local culinary through halal certification. These findings challenge the conventional paradigm that positions the modernization of halal tourism and the preservation of traditional culture as a dichotomy.
Implementing A Naïve Bayes Classifier on Iris Data Using MATLAB, A Classification Method by Using Grid Parameters Optimization
Authors: Hasan Mohammed , Ali Asmaa
Published: December 2024

Data mining categorization is crucial for predicting outcomes. Naive Bayes Classification (NBC) is a prominent approach used in data mining for classification purposes. It has the ability to anticipate outcomes and is generally more efficient than other techniques of categorization. Several Naive Bayes classification methods exhibit subpar performance when used to classification and regression issues. One of the factors contributing to the success of NBC is the reliance on assumptions of independence among predictors and the initial hyperparameters. Nevertheless, this robust assumption results in a decrease in precision. This work introduces a novel approach to enhance the precision of NBC. The suggested approach employs a grid search to enhance the accuracy of Naïve Bayes classification. The results obtained indicate that the technique utilised achieved a significant degree of accuracy in forecasting compared to the conventional built-in Matlab NBC. Thus, by assuming conditional independence, the accuracy of the NBC may be enhanced.
On the Total Domination and Vertex Covering of the Standard Chessboard
Authors: Jasim Anwar Nasif
Published: December 2024

The movement of pieces on chessboards has led to several problems. Many researchers have solved some of these problems, but many of them remain unsolved. Graph theory is a mathematical method used to describe and discover solutions to such problems. The problem of dominating the chessboard was found in topics pertaining to puzzles in mathematics and entertainment mathematics. In this paper, we survey some results concerning parameters domination, total domination, and covering vertices in chessboard. After converting the chessboard to graph.
Effect Cryptosporidium parvum on Lactoferrin level in children with diarrhea
Authors: Abbas Saab Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Cryptosporidium spp. are a group of coccidian parasites of significant pathogenicity to both animals and humans. Cryptosporidiosis is understood to be the underlying factor behind the development of severe and protracted watery diarrhea in individuals diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This study aimed to diagnosis of infection with the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum in children by microscopic examination of stool samples using the Modified Ziehl-Nelsoon stain and ELISA. As well as detection level of Lactoferrin in samples of patients infected with Cryptosporidium parvum . A total 300 samples children aged 5 months - 5 years, of both sexes, who visited some government hospitals (Tikrit Teaching Hospital, Salah al-Din General Hospital, Baiji General Hospital, Sharqat General Hospital) and some private medical clinics in some areas of Salah al-Din Governorate who suffered from diarrhea and some intestinal symptoms during the period from July 1, 2022 to September 1, 2023.  Based on the analysis of 300 stool samples, the present investigation employing MZN revealed an infection rate of 70 (23.33%) positive samples and 230 (76.67%) negative samples. The ELISA technique used in the current study recorded 130  positive samples and a total infection rate of 72.22% with a mean concentration of 2.54±1.13 pg/mL), while the number of negative samples was 50 (27.78%) with a mean concentration of (27.78%) pg/mL out of 90 samples. This study showed increase incidence of infection with cryptosporidium in male than female that were 82(63.08%) and 48(36.92%) respectively, at p-value<0.05. The study observed a significant increase in the average concentration of  fecal LF in infected infants  (506.125  ± 99.143  pg/mL) compared to the control group (104.183 ± 21.368pg/ml). This study concluded that Modified Ziehl Neelsen stain is the best staining method used in diagnosing infection with the parasite.  . Furthermore this study concluded increase level inflammatory immune parameters as lactoferrine in blood serum and stool samples of children infected with the C. parvum parasite
The relationship between Giardia lamblia infection with Ghrelin hormone and Trefoil factor 3 in patients in Salah al-Din Governorate
Authors: Shihab Ali Tahtouh Mohanad
Published: December 2024

Giardiasis is considered one of the parasitic diseases affecting humans, caused by a flagellate protozoan known as Giardia lamblia. It is a common gastrointestinal pathogen that can lead to various clinical and other complications. Study aimed to diagnose infection with the G. lamblia in children aged (1-12 years) using a direct wet mount, and to determine Giardia lamblia by targeting the TPI gene using PCR, in addition to evaluating the relationship of infection of Giardia lamblia with (ghrelin and TFF3) using ELISA assay.  By examining 238 stool samples for children suffering from diarrhea and some intestinal symptoms visiting some hospitals in Salah al-Din Governorate. 34 (14.2%) positive samples were recorded by microscopic examination. 100 fecal samples using the PCR, showed 60 (60%) positive samples for the G. lamblia. The study revealed a highly significant increase in the level of TFF3 a non-significant decrease in the level ghrelin in the serum of patients with infection. Direct microscopic examination of stool samples It has good sensitivity for detecting G. lamblia parasite, and the TPI gene targeted in PCR technology has high sensitivity and specificity for genotyping detection of the parasite.
Büyükşehir ve Bütünşehir Tartışmaları Kıskacında Köylerin Geleceği
Authors: Sezgin Sezgin , Yıldız Müslüm
Published: December 2024

Türkiye’de 2012 yılında çıkarılan ve 2014 yerel seçimlerinin ardından uygulanmaya başlanan 6360 Sayılı On Dört İlde Büyükşehir Belediyesi ve Yirmi Yedi İlçe Kurulması ile Bazı Kanun ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun, Türk yerel yönetim yapısında önemli değişiklikler yaratmıştır. Kanun ile büyükşehir belediyesi sayısı 16’dan 30’a çıkarılmış, büyükşehirlerin sınırları ilin sınırlarına genişletilmiş, büyükşehir olan illerde il özel idareleri kaldırılarak Yatırım İzleme ve Koordinasyon Başkanlığı (YİKOB) kurulmuş, köy ve beldelerin tüzel kişilikleri sonlandırılarak mahalleye dönüştürülmüş, mahalleye dönüşen alanlara içme suyu, emlâk gibi çeşitli ilave vergiler getirilmiş, büyükşehirlerde mahalle kurulabilmesi için asgari nüfus 500 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kanun’un uygulanmaya başlanmasının ardından literatürde ve kamuoyunda, mevcut büyükşehir belediye modelinin Türkiye’nin tüm illerine yayılarak bir ‘bütünşehir modeline’ geçilmesi tartışılmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı; 6360 sayılı Kanun ile Türkiye’de kırsal alanlarda ortaya çıkan dönüşümleri ele almak ve elde edilen deneyimler ışığında bütünşehir modeline geçilmesi halinde karşılaşılabilecek tehditler ve olumlu yönlere ışık tutmaktır. Kanun Türk yerel yönetim sistemini farklı yönetsel açılardan etkilese de çalışmanın sınırlılığı gereği, bir kırsal alan yönetim birimi olan köyler üzerinde durulmuştur.
Mersin'de Cumhuriyet Dönemi (1925-1965) Köy Okullarının Sürdürülebilir ve Uyarlanabilir Yeniden Kullanımı İçin Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Manav Ayşe
Published: December 2024

Bu araştırma, Cumhuriyet tarihimizin ve kültürel mirasımızın önemli bir parçası olan köy okullarının sürdürülebilir ve uyarlanabilir yeni bir işlevle yeniden kullanım olasılıklarına odaklanmaktadır. Köy okulları, yakın tarihin ve kırsal kültürel mirasın anlaşılması için iyi birer kaynak oluştururken, bu konudaki yeni tartışmalara alan açacağı düşüncesiyle bu çalışmanım konusu olarak seçilmiştir. Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarından itibaren okur yazarlığın tüm yurtta yaygınlaştırılması ve çağdaş yaşama dahil, üretken vatandaşların yetiştirilmesi amaç edinilmiştir. Bu amaçla köy yerleşimleri başta olmak üzere geniş bir coğrafyada okullar inşa edilmiştir. Ancak 1950 sonrası değişen eğitim politikalarıyla taşımalı eğitime geçilmesi ve eğitim öğretimin merkezde toplanması, başlangıçtaki eğitim politikalarına göre planlanmış ve inşa edilmiş köy okullarının çoğunun terkedilmesine sebep olmuştur. Çalışmada; Mersin İl’inin dokuz farklı ilçesindeki, 1925-1965 yılları arasında inşa edilmiş yirmi köy okulu binası, ek yapıları ve kırsal çevreye ait veriler konu edilmiştir. Okul binalarının tespiti ve analizi, yapıdan ve çevreden gelen değerlerin araştırılması, kültürel mirasın sürdürülebilir ve uyarlanabilir yeniden kullanımının değerlendirilmesi çalışmanın yöntemini oluşturmaktadır. Sonuç olarak Mersin İl’indeki köy okulu yapılarının, eğitimsel işlevi saklı kalmak kaydıyla sürdürülebilir, uyarlanabilir ve çeşitli yeniden kullanım olanakları sunduğu, benzer değerlendirmenin ülke genelindeki diğer köy okullarında da yapılabileceği anlaşılmıştır.
Bursa’da Mekânsal Ayrım
Authors: Temel Kemal
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma 21. yüzyılda Türkiye’nin kentlerinde belirginlik kazanan mekânsal ayrışmanın nasıl derinleştiğini sorgulamaktadır. Sınıfsal farklılaşmalara nesnel görünümler kazandıran bir olgu olarak mekânın ayrışma biçimi, kent araştırmalarında ya nesnel ya da öznel süreçler ele alınarak değerlendirilmiş, ilişkisel bir yaklaşım geliştirilmemiştir. Son dönem kent çalışmaları arasında öne çıkan Fransız sosyolog Pierre Bourdieu’nün ilişkisel sosyolojik tasavvurunu benimseyen neo-Bourdieuyen yaklaşım ise kentsel eşitsizliklerin oluşumunda yapısal süreçlerin kombinasyonuyla sınıfsal pratikler arasında ilişkisel bir yaklaşım geliştirilmesi gerektiğini ileri sürmektedir. Buradan yola çıkarak, neo-Bourdieuyen yaklaşımı benimseyen bu araştırma, Bursa’da 19. yüzyılın son döneminden bugüne mekânsal statünün değişen coğrafi yönünü, farklı dönemlerde kente hakîm olan ilke ve mekanizmaları ele alarak değerlendirmektedir. Bursa kent alanında mekânsal ayrışmanın oluşumunda etkili olan ilkeler arasında, toplumsal sınıflar arasında ayrım üreten iktidar pratiklerinin olduğu; işgücü ve konut piyasaları arasındaki eşbiçimliliğin ise toplumsal sınıfların mekânsal dağılımına aracılık eden mekanizmalar arasında olduğu savunulmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, toplumsal sınıfların mekânsal pratikleri, planlama politikaları ve konut üretim sektörleri arasındaki etkileşimin kentsel ayrışma deseninin oluşumunda etkili olduğunu göstermektedir.
Seyitgazi’de Sokak Sağlıklaştırma Projesi: Geleneksel Konutlar ve Tarihi Çevrenin Korunmasına Yönelik Bütünsel Yaklaşım
Authors: Elmas Hatice , Ekimci Betül Gelengül
Published: December 2024

Seyitgazi, tarihi ve kültürel zenginliğiyle çok katmanlı bir yerleşimdir. Tarihi çevreyi korumanın temel amacı kendini oluşturan değerler bütününün korunması, geliştirilmesi ve yaşatılmasıdır. Seyitgazi’de geleneksel konutların ihmal edildiği, özellikle farklı dönemlere ait kültürel varlıkların bir arada bulunduğu II. Derece Arkeolojik Sit Alanı sınırları içinde kalan Cumhuriyet Meydanı çevresinde, koruma-kullanım sorunları olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Koruma Amaçlı İmar Planı'nın geç yürürlüğe girmesi, ticaretin ve günlük yaşamın etkileşimli olduğu alanda konut-ticaret dokusunu yıpratmış, koruma-kullanım sorunlarını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Miras yönetimi ve sürdürülebilir bir toplumsal kalkınma için meydan ve çevresinde nitelikli iyileştirme, işlevsel ve estetik geliştirmelerin yapılması zorunludur. Çalışmanın hedefi mevcut yasal çerçevede Seyitgazi'nin kültür katmanlarından biri olan geleneksel konutları korumaktır. Bu doğrultuda ilk olarak ilçe bütününde sit sınırları içinde kalan geleneksel konutlar gözlem-inceleme yoluyla tespit edilmiş, belgeleme-analiz çalışmalarıyla mimari özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Seyitgazi'nin tarihî gelişimi, koruma sürecinin yasal-yönetimsel yönleri ele alınmış, farklı dönemler arasındaki yapısal ilişkiler tanımlanmıştır. İkinci aşamada özel inceleme alanı olarak Cumhuriyet Meydanı’nı çevreleyen caddeler için sokak sağlıklaştırma projesi geliştirilmiş ve uygulanmıştır. Belediye-üniversite iş birliğiyle hazırlanan proje, ilgili koruma kuruluna sunulmuş ve onaylanmıştır. Bununla, belirli bir bölgede koruma ve tasarım yaklaşımları ortaya koyan örnek bir uygulama gerçekleşmiştir. Bu çalışma, Seyitgazi tarihi kent dokusunun korunması çalışmalarına temel oluşturarak esas ve yönetmeliklerin gelişmesine katkıda bulunmuştur.
Exposure to low-credibility health websites is limited and is concentrated among older adults: Evidence from linked survey and digital trace data
Authors: Lyons Benjamin , King Andy J. , Barter Rebecca L. , Kaphingst Kimberly
Published: December 2024

Older adults tend to engage with more untrustworthy news and information online. However, this research has focused on political content, suggesting this could be driven by changes in partisanship across the lifespan. This raises questions about generalizability of this pattern across information domains (e.g., health). We examine web-browsing behavior and linked survey data for a representative sample of Americans (N = 1,059). Using a novel coding scheme tailored to health content, we find that while overall exposure to low-credibility health sites is limited, exposure increases with age and is not solely a function of health website visit volume. Exposure is greater for those who tend to believe inaccurate health claims, suggesting exposure is not merely incidental. Lastly, we find that exposure is not driven primarily by search or social media. In sum, older adults, while facing greater health burdens, also appear to be more vulnerable to health misinformation exposure.
Oxford Handbook of Language and Music Chapter 28: Voice-motor control
Authors: Belyk Michel
Published: December 2024

The voice is the medium through which we manifest our use of language and music – through speech and song. Human vociferousness is supported by specialised adaptations in the brain that grant improved control over the muscles of the larynx and respiration, and more importantly the ability to learn new patterns of vocal behaviour. Understanding these adaptations in the human brain, and how they differ from their homologs in the brains of other species of primate can provide insight into how ancestral humans came to evolve the faculties of language and music. This chapter will review the biomechanics of vocal sound production, the comparative vocal abilities of non-human primates, how the human brain controls the voice, how this differs from the neural control of the voice in closely related species, and the mechanisms by which these differences may have evolved.
Innovative Dual-Engine Car Concept for Efficient Fuel Consumption and Versatile Performance
Authors: Tiwary Janmejay
Published: December 2024

In the rapidly evolving automotive industry, where energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability are becoming paramount, the concept of a car equipped with two engines offers an innovative solution to address these challenges. This concept introduces a unique vehicle design capable of optimizing fuel consumption and performance based on the number of passengers and terrain conditions.
Toward building a decision-making paradigm for dynamic and real-world addictive behaviors
Authors: Ahn Woo-Young , Lee Jeung-Hyun , Kim Hyeonjin
Published: December 2024

The decision-making framework and computational models have been instrumental in revealing the neurocognitive processes that underlie human behaviors, significantly enhancing our understanding of the human mind. However, traditional approaches often fall short in closely mimicking real-world behaviors due to their oversimplified nature, inability to capture the dynamic aspects of the human mind, and heavy reliance on secondary (e.g., monetary) rewards that have limited ecological utility. This article summarizes the evolution and recent developments of computational approaches in understanding human cognition and decision-making, with a particular focus on addiction. We highlight the transition from conventional laboratory-based methods to innovative approaches that more effectively simulate real-world scenarios. These advanced approaches leverage state-of-the-art computational techniques to capture dynamic psychological processes, contributing to the ongoing development and advances in the field.
Autonomous Artificial General Intelligence
Authors: paul.hegel
Published: December 2024

The AGI problem is of great significance to human civilization, as it is a key event in the iterative creation of human civilization. This article explores the essence of intelligence, proposes the theory of Autonomous Artificial General Intelligence (AAGI), and discusses the important issues of current artificial intelligence and the implementation methods of AGI. Firstly, this article explores how intelligence exists and emerges, summarizes the essence of intelligence, analyzes and defines general intelligence and Autonomous Artificial General Intelligence, and proposes the theory of Autonomous Artificial General Intelligence. Then, this article compared and analyzed human intelligence and artificial intelligence, and explored the implementation of AGI from multiple perspectives. Finally, this article proposes a thought experiment for implementing Autonomous Artificial General Intelligence (AAGI). This article's systematic analysis of intelligence is valuable in the current stage of human civilization, and has practical significance for clarifying the current state of intelligence in human civilization.
Intelligence, financial literacy, cognitive reflection, and grandiose narcissism: Explaining susceptibility to financial scams?
Authors: Roth Sebastian
Published: December 2024

With financial scams representing a growing economic burden globally, it is becoming increasingly important to understand why certain individuals are more vulnerable to them. Prior research has suggested intelligence, cognitive reflection, financial literacy, and grandiose narcissism to predict susceptibility to financial scams. However, it remains to be determined whether these factors uniquely predict scam-susceptibility, and whether cognitive reflection and/or financial literacy (grandiose narcissism) mediate (suppresses) any of the hypothesised associations. University students (N = 489) completed a 12-item scam-susceptibility assessment, several intelligence tests, a cognitive reflection test, a financial literacy test, and the narcissistic admiration and rivalry questionnaire. Negative correlations between all three cognitive factors and susceptibility to financial scams were observed. However, based on a structural equation model, only financial literacy uniquely predicted scam-susceptibility, controlling for the other factors, implying a mediating effect. This suggests that financial education programs may be beneficial for young adults in reducing scam-susceptibility.
Calling in Grief: A retrospective analysis of the effectiveness of a Telehealth grief counselling program through a community-based organisation
Authors: Mace Candice , Deighton Russell
Published: December 2024

Empirical evidence is lacking on the effectiveness of grief telephone counselling, particularly in Australia. This study addresses an important gap by evaluating the effectiveness of the Integrating Grief Program – Victoria (IGP-V), an Australian telephone-based intervention. A retrospective analysis of IGP-V session data was analysed with 197 former clients, examining change in psychological distress (Kessler 10; K10) across pre- and post-treatment time points. Psychological distress significantly decreased at a group and individual level; 48% of the participants showed a reliable reduction in their symptoms (n= 95) while 31.4% showed a change that was both reliable and clinically significant (n= 62). Further analyses examined K10 subscales: Anxiety (comprising ‘nervous’, ‘agitated’) and Depression (comprising ‘fatigue’, ‘negative affect’). Depression was significantly more prominent in the sample than Anxiety, and both Anxiety and Depression decreased over time, with a stronger reduction in depression. Of the depression subscales, fatigue was the most prominent pre- and post-treatment, while negative affect reduced the most post-treatment. A Latent Class Analysis (LCA) identified three subgroups (low, medium, and high distress) based on K10 subscales. The medium distress group demonstrated the greatest treatment responsiveness, with 41% (n = 41) showing reliable and clinically significant change. With few studies exploring the effectiveness of grief counselling in Australian populations, this research provides important preliminary evidence of IGP-V’s potential to reduce grief related psychological distress. These findings are a vital first step toward improving grief support and mental health services in Australia, with further studies set to expand on this promising preliminary data.
What it Takes to Change Your Mind: Consistency of Metacognitive Cues
Authors: Kosourikhina Veronika , Handley Simon
Published: December 2024

The uncertainty monitoring account proposes that during reasoning, people may generate several intuitive responses, each contributing to an overall uncertainty parameter that will trigger conscious deliberation if it becomes high enough. In two experiments (total N = 186), we test this account by utilising methods and theory of metacognition – which also describes a second-order process that regulates the operation of first-order cognition. We analyse which internal cues influence confidence and accuracy, and how the consistency of cues influences confidence, accuracy, and participants changing their answers. Confidence judgements were not sensitive to belief-logic conflict when other cues were accounted for, contrary to prior research. Instead, overall cue consistency was more important for determining confidence and response changes. We discuss the implications of these findings in the context of current dual process accounts of reasoning.
Spatial Proximity Determines Overshadowing Between Landmarks in Human Spatial Navigation
Authors: Herrera Estibaliz , Austen Joe , Urcelay Gonzalo Pablo
Published: December 2024

Previous studies involving birds and humans have identified spatial proximity as a source of overshadowing between landmarks in navigation. In Herrera et al. (2024), subjects were trained in an open environment to find a hidden goal with reference to a cross-shaped array of four landmarks placed at various distances from it. Critically, two of the four landmarks (i.e., target landmarks) were placed at distances that were common among groups whereas the remaining two were either proximal or distal from them. Landmarks near to the goal overshadowed (i.e., competed with) learning about the further ones, and this effect disappeared in the groups trained with distal landmarks. However, neither of these studies included a control group providing a base line performance to assess the extent of competition; were the data indicative of overshadowing or facilitation of learning? Thus, we assessed whether spatial proximity determines overshadowing or facilitation between landmarks, including a control group trained with the target landmarks only. We conducted three experiments with varied training length: 6 training trials in Experiment 1 and 16 in Experiments 2 and 3. We also extended the distance of the landmarks to the goal in Experiment 3. In all experiments, we observed overshadowing in the groups trained with closer nontarget landmarks (relative to the target) but no overshadowing when the nontarget landmarks were distal from the target landmarks. Overall, these experiments reveal spatial distance is a critical determinant of overshadowing between landmarks, a finding that is consistent with domain-general theories of learning, such as a modification of Pearce’s configural model.