bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sodium dodecyl sulfate improves the treatment of waste paper with rumen fluid at lower concentration but decreases at higher condition
Authors: Takizawa Shuhei , Baba Yasunori , Tada Chika , Fukuda Yasuhiro , Nakai Yutaka
Published: January 2020

Rumen fluid has been applied to lignocellulosic biomass digest for methane production, and various feed supplements have been shown to improve ruminant digestion of lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, we investigated the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with rumen fluid and subsequent methane fermentation. SDS was mixed with rumen fluid at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/L. After SDS addition, the waste paper was pretreated with rumen fluid at 37 °C for 6 h. SDS addition decreased the number of surviving rumen ciliates after pretreatment. SDS addition increased the dissolved chemical oxygen demand during pretreatment; however, SDS addition did not increase the volatile fatty acid concentration. After pretreatment, batch methane fermentation of pretreated waste paper was performed at 35 °C for 45 days. SDS addition at 0.1 and 0.2 g/L shortened the waste paper digestion time and enhanced methane gas production compared to the control. By contrast, SDS addition at 0.4 and 0.8 g/L remarkably inhibited methane production from waste paper. These findings suggest that low concentrations of SDS can improve the efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment with rumen fluid, and can enhance methane production from waste paper.
When is Sustainability a Liability, and When Is It an Asset? Quality Inferences for Core and Peripheral Attributes
Authors: Skard Siv , Jørgensen Sveinung , Pedersen Lars Jacob Tynes
Published: January 2020

Sustainable products offered in today’s marketplace are labelled with product-related green attributes (i.e. green core attributes) or non-product-related green attributes (i.e. green peripheral attributes). The current research investigates consumers’ inferences about a product’s functional quality when its core attributes are green (e.g. the ingredients) and when its peripheral attributes are green (e.g. the product packaging). Four experimental studies and an internal meta-analysis show that there is a sustainability liability effect in strength-dependent categories (for both core and peripheral attributes), and a sustainability asset effect in gentleness-dependent categories (for core attributes only). Our research contributes to the current understanding of how consumers make inferences about product quality when contemplating different types of green attributes. The findings have implications for how strength-dependent and gentleness-dependent products should be labelled as green.
Stripe rust resistance genes in a set of Ethiopian bread wheat cultivars and breeding lines
Authors: Gebreslasie Zeray Siyoum , Huang Shuo , Zhan Gangming , Badebo Ayele , Zeng Qingdong , Wu Jianhui , Wang Qilin , Liu Shengjie , Huang Lili , Wang Xiaojing , Kang Zhensheng , Han Dejun
Published: January 2020

Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is one the most important diseases of wheat in Ethiopia and worldwide. To identify resistance genes, 90 bread wheat lines and 10 cultivars were tested at the seedling stage against one Pst race from Ethiopia and six races from China as well as evaluated for the stripe rust response in an inoculated field nursery at Yangling, Shaanxi province and in a naturally infected field in Jiangyou, Sichuan, China. Resistance genes were postulated using molecular assays for Yr9, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr29, Yr36, Yr44 and Yr62. Of the 100 entries tested, 16 had all stage resistance to all races. Molecular markers were positive for Yr9 in five genotypes, Yr17 in 21 genotypes, Yr18 in 27 genotypes, Yr26 in ten genotypes, Yr29 in 22 genotypes, Yr36 in 12 genotypes, Yr44 in 30 genotypes, and Yr62 in 51 genotypes. No line had Yr5, Yr8, Yr10 or Yr15. Complete or all stage resistance was observed in genotypes carrying gene combinations Yr9 + Yr18 + Yr44 + Yr62, Yr29 + Yr62 + Yr26 and Yr9 + Yr17 + Yr26 + Yr44 + Yr62. The results are helpful for developing wheat cultivars with effective and more durable resistance to stripe rust both in China and Ethiopia.
Factors associated with subchorionic hematoma formation in pregnancies achieved via assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: West Brady T. , Kavoussi Parviz K. , Odenwald Kate C. , London Krista , Hunn Caitlin L. , Chen Shu-Hung , Wininger John David , Gilkey Melissa S. , Kavoussi Keikhosrow M. , Kavoussi Shahryar K.
Published: January 2020

Purpose

To determine if certain clinical and/or embryologic factors are independently associated with the increased prevalence of subchorionic hematoma (SCH) among pregnancies achieved via in vitro fertilization (IVF) with fresh embryo transfer (ET).

Design

Retrospective chart review.

Methods

In this retrospective study, data were abstracted from 210 autologous oocyte IVF clinical pregnancies that resulted from fresh ET at a single fertility center from January 2012 through December 2016. Clinical and embryology laboratory variables were analyzed as possible factors associated with the presence or absence of SCH in IVF pregnancies via bivariate associations and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Independent variables included prior uterine surgery versus no uterine surgery, peak estradiol, and progesterone levels, day 3 (n = 92) versus day 5 (n = 118) ET, and assisted hatching versus no assisted hatching. Among the day 5 ET subgroup of 118 patients, 117 had data for the variables inner cell mass (ICM) grading and trophectoderm (TE) because one day 5 ET was at the morula stage.

Results

We found a significant bivariate association between TE grading and SCH, where cases with TE grade “A” were significantly less likely to have SCH compared with cases with grades “B” or “C.” This significant difference remained when adjusting for the other factors considered in a multivariable logistic regression model for the probability of SCH.

Conclusions

The data analyzed here suggest that a less-advanced trophectoderm grade may be a potential factor that is associated with the presence of SCH in pregnancies achieved via IVF.
Assessing the Spatial Concentration of Urban Crime: An Insight from Nigeria
Authors: Umar Faisal , Johnson Shane D. , Cheshire James A.
Published: January 2020

Objective

Research demonstrates that crime is concentrated. This finding is so consistent that David Weisburd refers to this as the “law of crime concentration at place”. However, most research on crime concentration has been conducted in the US or European cities and has used secondary data sources. In this study, we examine whether the law of crime concentration applies in the context of sub-Saharan Africa using primary data.

Methods

A crime victimization survey was used to collect data in the city of Kaduna (Nigeria). Using these data, the concentration of crime (breaking-and-entering and domestic theft) was examined at the household, street segment, and neighborhood levels. Specifically, variants of a Lorenz curve and the Gini index (GI) were used to examine whether crime concentrates at these different spatial scales and if such concentration reflects anything beyond the spatial distribution of opportunity for these types of offenses.

Results

Crime was found to concentrate at all spatial scales, and having accounted for expectation, given the distribution of opportunity, crime was most concentrated at the household level, closely followed by street segments. It was relatively less concentrated at the neighborhood level.

Conclusion

The current study extends previous research in a number of ways. It shows that the law of crime concentration at place applies in a very different context to most previous work. Unlike previous studies, we use primary data collected specifically to test the law, avoiding problems associated with the dark figure of crime. Moreover, the findings persist after accounting for crime opportunity.
Isolation and characterization of kelch repeat-containing F-box proteins from colored wheat
Authors: Hong Min Jeong , Kim Dae Yeon , Choi Hong-Il , Seo Yong Weon , Kim Jin-Baek
Published: January 2020

F-box proteins play important roles in the regulation of various developmental processes in plants. Approximately 1796 F-box genes have been identified in the wheat genome, but details of their functions remain unknown. Moreover, not much was known about the roles of kelch repeat domain-containing F-box genes (TaKFBs) in wheat. In the present study, we isolated five TaKFBs to investigate the roles of KFBs at different stages of colored wheat grain development. The cDNAs encoding TaKFB1, TaKFB2, TaKFB3, TaKFB4, and TaKFB5 contained 363, 449, 353, 382, and 456 bp open reading frames, respectively. All deduced TaKFBs contained an F-box domain (IPR001810) and a kelch repeat type 1 domain (IPR006652), except TaKFB2. Expression of TaKFBs was elevated during the pigmentation stages of grain development. To clarify how TaKFB and SKP interact in wheat, we investigated whether five TaKFB proteins showed specificity for six SKP proteins using a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay. An Y2H screen was performed to search for proteins capable of binding the TaKFBs and interaction was identified between TaKFB1 and aquaporin PIP1. To examine the subcellular localization of TaKFBs, we transiently expressed TaKFB-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions in tobacco leaves; the TaKFB-GFP fusions were detected in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Y2H and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays revealed that TaKFB1 specifically interacts with aquaporin PIP1. These results will provide useful information for further functional studies on wheat F-box proteins and their possible roles.
How peoples’ ratings of dental implant treatment change over time?
Authors: Machuca Carolina , Vettore Mario V. , Robinson Peter G.
Published: January 2020

Objectives

Dental implant treatment (DIT) improves peoples’ oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL). Assessment of longitudinal changes in OHRQoL may be undermined by response shift (RS). RS is the process by which quality of life changes, independent of health status as a result recalibration, reprioritization or reconceptualization. Thus, this study aimed to describe RS in the OHRQoL and perceived oral health of individuals receiving DIT and to compare the then-test, a self-anchored scale and the classification and regression trees (CRT) approaches for assessing RS.

Methods

OHRQoL was assessed in 100 patients receiving DIT using the OHIP-Edent (n = 100) and a self-anchored scale (n = 45) before placement of the final restoration and 3 to 6 months after treatment was completed. The OHIP-Edent was also used as a retrospective assessment at follow-up. CRT examined changes in the OHIP-Edent total score as a dependent variable with global changes in oral health and each OHIP-Edent subscale score as independent variables.

Results

OHRQoL and perceived oral health improved after treatment. The OHIP-Edent score decreased from 36.4 at baseline to 12.7 after treatment. On average, participants recalibrated their internal standard downwards (− 4.0 OHIP-Edent points). CRT detected downwards recalibration in 5% of participants and upwards in 15%. Reprioritization was observed in the social disability and psychological discomfort aspects of OHRQoL.

Conclusions

RS affects longitudinal assessments of OHRQoL in DIT, reducing the apparent magnitude of change. The then-test and CRT are valid and complementary methods to assess RS.
On the Maximization of the Science Output of Space Missions
Authors: Wu Ji , Giménez Alvaro
Published: January 2020

Managing science-driven projects involve important differences with respect to other types of space missions. The main one is the character of science, exploring the unknown, that establishes how the final output is evaluated and thus the tools used to maximize it. For space missions supporting market-driven applications, the assessment of performance is clearly defined by the quality of the service provided and its added value. For space science missions, success is evaluated in terms of the advance of scientific knowledge, based on new discoveries and the tests of the laws of nature. The output can be facilitated but not fully predicted. Thus, performance has to consider initial science goals and the engineering requirements to achieve them but also, and most important, the preservation and maximization of the potential for unknown discoveries. The key indicator of the success of a space science mission is the quality and quantity of achieved scientific breakthroughs and discoveries. To optimize them, we need to consider the full mission lifecycle, from the mission definition through the development and its operations. In this paper, we discuss some management considerations to ensure and maximize the science output of a space mission over its whole lifecycle, from planning to operations. Specific elements are proposed to evaluate the results.
Shear deformability characteristics of a rapid-cure woven prepreg fabric
Authors: Khan M. A. , Pasco C. , Reynolds N. , Kendall K.
Published: January 2020

Formability of a continuous fiber-reinforced material is known to be influenced by its intraply shear behavior. This study investigates a 2 × 2 twill weave carbon fabric and the corresponding vinyl-based thermoset prepreg developed for press-cured structural parts. Intraply shear tests of bias-extension and picture-frame were conducted for a range of industrial-relevant processing conditions of temperature and shear rate. The dry fabric was characterized similar to the prepreg to isolate the influence of semi-cured resin on the woven prepreg fabric formability in shear. The shear deformation behavior of the prepreg, usually dependent on the fabric architecture, is found to be controlled by the state of the resin. The results clearly show the significance of the choice of process parameters on the prepreg shear behavior. It is demonstrated that preheating the prepreg to temperatures considerably lower than required to initiate cure can make the shear formability of the woven prepreg equivalent to the constituent (dry) reinforcement fabric. The actual shear angle measurement during the bias-extension tests demonstrates the level of inter-tow slippage for the prepreg fabric at relatively elevated temperatures. The comparison of normalized shear data from the two test methods helps to determine the improved procedure for prepreg fabric testing.
Family, Firms, and Fertility: A Study of Social Interaction Effects
Authors: Buyukkececi Zafer , Leopold Thomas , van Gaalen Ruben , Engelhardt Henriette
Published: January 2020

Research has indicated that fertility spreads through social networks and attributed this phenomenon to social interaction effects. It remains unclear, however, whether the findings of previous studies reflect the direct influence of network partners or contextual and selection factors, such as shared environment and common background characteristics. The present study uses instrumental variables to improve the identification of social interaction effects on fertility. Using data from the System of social statistical data sets (SSD) of Statistics Netherlands, we identify two networks—the network of colleagues at the workplace and the network of siblings in the family—to examine the influence of network partners on individual fertility decisions. Discrete-time event-history models with random effects provide evidence for social interaction effects, showing that colleagues’ and siblings’ fertility have direct consequences for an individual’s fertility. Moreover, colleague effects are concentrated in female-female interactions, and women are more strongly influenced by their siblings, regardless of siblings’ gender. These results are the first to demonstrate spillover effects across network boundaries, suggesting that fertility effects accumulate through social ties not only within but also across different domains of interaction.
Prognostic significance of large diameter proximal aortic neck in	endovascular aneurysm repair
Authors: Antoniou George A. , Alfahad Aws , Antoniou Stavros A. , Badri Hassan
Published: January 2020

Summary. Background: Adverse morphological features of the proximal aortic neck have been identified as culprits for late failure after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Our objective was to investigate the prognostic role of wide proximal aortic neck in EVAR. Methods: We conducted a review of the literature in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify studies comparing outcomes of EVAR in patients with large versus small proximal aortic neck. A meta-analysis of time-to-event data was performed with the inverse-variance method and the results were reported as summary hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % CI. We applied random-effects models of meta-analysis. Results: We identified 9 observational studies reporting on a total of 7,682 patients (1,961 with large diameter and 5,721 with small diameter neck). The hazard of death (HR 1.57, 95 % CI 1.23–2.01; P = 0.0003), aneurysm-related reintervention (HR 2.06, 95 % CI 1.23–3.45; P = 0.006), type Ia endoleak (HR 6.69, 95 % CI 4.39–10.20; P < 0.001), sac expansion (HR 10.07, 95 % CI 1.80–56.53; P = 0.009), aneurysm rupture (HR 2.96, 95 % CI 2.00–4.38; P < 0.0001), and neck-related adverse events (HR 10.33, 95 % CI 4.95–21.56; P < 0.0001) was higher in patients with large diameter proximal aortic neck than in those with small neck. Conclusions: Patients with a large proximal aortic neck were found to have poorer outcomes than those with small neck. This finding has implications in decision making when selecting methods for aneurysm treatment and in EVAR surveillance for aneurysm-related complications in this cohort of patients.
Why We Can No Longer Ignore Consecutive Disasters
Authors: de Ruiter Marleen C. , Couasnon Anaïs , van den Homberg Marc J. C. , Daniell James E. , Gill Joel C. , Ward Philip J.
Published: January 2020

In recent decades, a striking number of countries have suffered from consecutive disasters: events whose impacts overlap both spatially and temporally, while recovery is still under way. The risk of consecutive disasters will increase due to growing exposure, the interconnectedness of human society, and the increased frequency and intensity of nontectonic hazard. This paper provides an overview of the different types of consecutive disasters, their causes, and impacts. The impacts can be distinctly different from disasters occurring in isolation (both spatially and temporally) from other disasters, noting that full isolation never occurs. We use existing empirical disaster databases to show the global probabilistic occurrence for selected hazard types. Current state‐of‐the art risk assessment models and their outputs do not allow for a thorough representation and analysis of consecutive disasters. This is mainly due to the many challenges that are introduced by addressing and combining hazards of different nature, and accounting for their interactions and dynamics. Disaster risk management needs to be more holistic and codesigned between researchers, policy makers, first responders, and companies.
A Synthesis of Blue Carbon Stocks, Sources, and Accumulation Rates in Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Meadows in the Northeast Pacific
Authors: Prentice C. , Poppe K. L. , Lutz M. , Murray E. , Stephens T. A. , Spooner A. , Hessing‐Lewis M. , Sanders‐Smith R. , Rybczyk J. M. , Apple J. , Short F. T. , Gaeckle J. , Helms A. , Mattson C. , Raymond W. W. , Klinger T.
Published: January 2020

There is increasing urgency to implement climate change mitigation strategies that enhance greenhouse gas removal from the atmosphere and reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Recently, coastal “blue carbon” habitats⁠—mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrass meadows—have received attention for their ability to capture CO2 and store organic carbon (OC), primarily in their sediments. Across habitat types and regions, however, information about the sequestration rates and sources of carbon to local sediments remains sparse. Here we compiled recently obtained estimates of sediment OC stocks and sequestration rates from 139 cores collected from temperate seagrass (Zostera marina) meadows in Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. Across all cores sediment OC content averaged 0.75%. Organic carbon stocks in the top 25 cm and 1 m of the sediment averaged 1,846 and 7,168 g OC m−2, respectively. Carbon sequestration rates ranged from 4.6 to 93.0 g OC m−2 yr−1 and averaged 24.8 g OC m−2 yr−1. Isotopic data from this region suggest that OC in the sediments is largely from noneelgrass sources. In general, these values are comparable to those from other temperate Z. marina meadows, but significantly lower than previously reported values for seagrasses globally. These results further highlight the need for local and species‐level quantification of blue carbon parameters. While temperate eelgrass meadows may not sequester and store as much carbon as seagrass meadows elsewhere, climate policy incentives should still be implemented to protect existing sediment carbon stocks and the other critical ecosystem services associated with eelgrass habitats.
Author Correction: Simple and efficient delivery of cell-impermeable organic fluorescent probes into live cells for live-cell superresolution imaging
Authors: Zhang Meng , Li Meihua , Zhang Wenting , Han Yubing , Zhang Yu-Hui
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
LINC00665 promotes breast cancer progression through regulation of the miR-379-5p/LIN28B axis
Authors: Ji Wei , Diao Yu-Ling , Qiu Yi-Ran , Ge Jie , Cao Xu-Chen , Yu Yue
Published: January 2020

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women worldwide. Although increasing evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles during breast tumorigenesis and progression, the involvement of most lncRNAs in breast cancer remains largely unknown. In the current study, we demonstrated that LINC00665 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Accumulating evidence indicates that many lncRNAs can function as endogenous miRNA sponges by competitively binding common miRNAs. In this study, we demonstrated that LINC00665 functions as a sponge for miR-379-5p, reducing the ability of miR-379-5p to repress LIN28B. LINC00665 promoted breast cancer progression and induced an epithelial–mesenchymal transition-like phenotype via the upregulation of LIN28B expression. Clinically, LINC00665 expression was increased but miR-379-5p expression was decreased in breast cancer tissues compared with that in normal breast tissues in the TCGA database. Furthermore, the expression of LINC00665 was negatively related with miR-379-5p expression. Collectively, our results reveal the LINC00665–miR-379-5p–LIN28B axis and shed light on breast cancer therapy.
The Indian cobra reference genome and transcriptome enables comprehensive identification of venom toxins
Authors: Suryamohan Kushal , Krishnankutty Sajesh P. , Guillory Joseph , Jevit Matthew , Schröder Markus S. , Wu Meng , Kuriakose Boney , Mathew Oommen K. , Perumal Rajadurai C. , Koludarov Ivan , Goldstein Leonard D. , Senger Kate , Dixon Mandumpala Davis , Velayutham Dinesh , Vargas Derek , Chaudhuri Subhra , Muraleedharan Megha , Goel Ridhi , Chen Ying-Jiun J. , Ratan Aakrosh , Liu Peter , Faherty Brendan , de la Rosa Guillermo , Shibata Hiroki , Baca Miriam , Sagolla Meredith , Ziai James , Wright Gus A. , Vucic Domagoj , Mohan Sangeetha , Antony Aju , Stinson Jeremy , Kirkpatrick Donald S. , Hannoush Rami N. , Durinck Steffen , Modrusan Zora , Stawiski Eric W. , Wiley Kristen , Raudsepp Terje , Kini R. Manjunatha , Zachariah Arun , Seshagiri Somasekar
Published: January 2020

Snakebite envenoming is a serious and neglected tropical disease that kills ~100,000 people annually. High-quality, genome-enabled comprehensive characterization of toxin genes will facilitate development of effective humanized recombinant antivenom. We report a de novo near-chromosomal genome assembly of Naja naja, the Indian cobra, a highly venomous, medically important snake. Our assembly has a scaffold N50 of 223.35 Mb, with 19 scaffolds containing 95% of the genome. Of the 23,248 predicted protein-coding genes, 12,346 venom-gland-expressed genes constitute the ‘venom-ome’ and this included 139 genes from 33 toxin families. Among the 139 toxin genes were 19 ‘venom-ome-specific toxins’ (VSTs) that showed venom-gland-specific expression, and these probably encode the minimal core venom effector proteins. Synthetic venom reconstituted through recombinant VST expression will aid in the rapid development of safe and effective synthetic antivenom. Additionally, our genome could serve as a reference for snake genomes, support evolutionary studies and enable venom-driven drug discovery.
A palladium-catalyst stabilized in the chiral environment of a monoclonal antibody in water
Authors: Kobayashi Yuichiro , Murata Keisuke , Harada Akira , Yamaguchi Hiroyasu
Published: January 2020

We report the first preparation of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that can immobilize a palladium (Pd)-complex. The allylic amination reaction using a supramolecular catalyst of the Pd-complex with mAb selectively gives the (R)-enantiomer product.
Visualization of the cysteine level during Golgi stress using a novel Golgi-targeting highly specific fluorescent probe
Authors: Zhang Xue , Liu Caiyun , Chen Yanan , Cai Xinyu , Sheng Wenlong , Zhu Hanchuang , Jia Pan , Li Zilu , Huang Shengyun , Zhu Baocun
Published: January 2020

A novel Golgi-targeting highly specific fluorescent probe was developed to visualize the level of cysteine during Golgi stress.
Copper-catalyzed asymmetric silyl addition to alkenyl-substituted N-heteroarenes
Authors: Zeng Ya-Li , Chen Bo , Wang Ya-Ting , He Cheng-Yu , Mu Zi-Yuan , Du Ji-Yuan , He Long , Chu Wen-Dao , Liu Quan-Zhong
Published: January 2020

Asymmetric conjugate addition of PhMe2SiBPin to a wide range of N-heteroaryl alkenes proceeded in the presence of a copper catalyst coordinated with a chiral phosphoramidite ligand to afford useful β-silyl N-heteroarenes in high yields and ees.
In situ X-ray Raman spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility study on the Li[Li0.15Mn1.85]O4 oxygen anion redox reaction
Authors: Mukai Kazuhiko , Nonaka Takamasa , Uyama Takeshi , Nishimura Yusaku F.
Published: January 2020

Li-rich compounds have received significant attention as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their large rechargeable capacities (qrecha).
SnAP reagents for the synthesis of selenomorpholines and 1,4-selenazepanes and their biological evaluation
Authors: Zhou Guan , Deng Xingwang , Tian Jing , Fazil Mobashar Hussain Urf Turabe , Lakshminarayanan Rajamani , Srinivasan Rajavel
Published: January 2020

We report the first set of selenium-containing SnAP reagents for the direct synthesis of C-substituted selenomorpholines and 1,4-selenazepanes and the biological evaluation of these elusive N-heterocycles.
Halogen substitution regulates the phase transition temperature and band gap of semiconductor compounds
Authors: Li Hui-Hui , Wang Chang-Feng , Wu Ya-Xing , Jiang Fan , Shi Chao , Ye Heng-Yun , Zhang Yi
Published: January 2020

Halogen substitution creates a promising platform for designing and optimizing materials with a combination of attractive dielectric and semiconductor properties.
Morphology-preserved transformation of CdS hollow structures toward photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Liu Ye , Huang Cheng , Zhou Tengfei , Hu Juncheng
Published: January 2020

Hollow-structured nanomaterials with complex interiors have drawn a great deal of attention due to their unique properties in various fields.
Metal/N-donor-induced versatile structures and properties of seven 0D → 3D complexes based on dpq/dppz and O-bridged tricarboxylate: fluorescence and electrochemical behaviors
Authors: Liu Guocheng , Liang Shuang , Li Qiaomin , Guo Jiao , Xu Na , Wang Xiuli , Li Yan , Chen Baokuan
Published: January 2020

Seven 0D → 3D coordination polymers based on dpq/dppz and O-bridged tricarboxylates have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally directed by metal ions, which show different electrochemical and fluorescence behaviors.
Mechanisms and kinetics of the low-temperature oxidation of 2-methylfuran: insight from DFT calculations and kinetic simulations
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Cao Zexing
Published: January 2020

The profiles of the main products from the low-temperature oxidation of 2-MF show notable temperature and pressure dependence.
Edge functionalized graphene nanoribbons with tunable band edges for carrier transport interlayers in organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kim Eun Mi , Javaid Saqib , Park Jong Hyeok , Lee Geunsik
Published: January 2020

Further improvement of carrier extraction from MAPbI3 by hydrogen or fluorine edge functionalization and width control of graphene nanoribbons.
Correction: Pentanoic acid from γ-valerolactone and formic acid using bifunctional catalysis
Authors: Al-Naji Majd , Aelst Joost Van , Liao Yuhe , d'Halluin Martin , Tian Zhipeng , Wang Chenguang , Gläser Roger , Sels Bert F.
Published: January 2020

Correction for ‘Pentanoic acid from γ-valerolactone and formic acid using bifunctional catalysis’ by Majd Al-Naji, et al., Green Chem., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/c9gc02627d.
Surface conduction and electroosmotic flow around charged dielectric pillar arrays in microchannels
Authors: Huh Keon , Yang So-Yoon , Park Jae Suk , Lee Jung A. , Lee Hyomin , Kim Sung Jae
Published: January 2020

We present rigorous evidence of how surface conduction and electroosmotic flow around dielectric micro-structures can accelerate ion transportation through a perm-selective membrane, while the structure had a negative impact on transportation in a macro-scale system.
A novel strategy to design a multilayer functionalized Cu2S thin film counter electrode with enhanced catalytic activity and stability for quantum dot sensitized solar cells
Authors: Wu Libin , Lin Zhengmeng , Feng Pengyu , Luo Liping , Zhai Lanlan , Kong Fantai , Yang Yun , Zhang Lijie , Huang Shaoming , Zou Chao
Published: January 2020

Multilayer Cu2S/ITO/CuZnMo films are designed as CEs for QDSCs, having the merits of enhanced conductivity and stability, and high catalytic activity.
Electro-synthesized Co(OH)2@CoSe with Co–OH active sites for overall water splitting electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Yin , Yang Yutong , Wang Xia , Li Peihe , Shao Hongyang , Li Tianen , Liu Haiyang , Zheng Qingfu , Hu Jing , Duan Limei , Hu Changwen , Liu Jinghai
Published: January 2020

An in situ electrochemical transformation strategy has been rationally designed to fabricate Co(OH)2@CoSe nanorods (NRs) for practical electrolytic overall water splitting.
Sulfoxidation inside a hypercrosslinked microporous network nanotube catalyst
Authors: Shi Zhaocheng , Ying Zhong , Yang Liusai , Meng Xiaoyan , Wu Lidan , Yu Leshu , Huang Sen , Xiong Linfeng
Published: January 2020

In the present work, a kind of efficient heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized from amine-functionalized hypercrosslinked bottlebrush copolymers of microporous network nanotubes (amine-MNNs) and Na2WO4.
Metal-free synthesis of dimethyl carbonateviatransesterification of ethylene carbonate catalyzed by graphitic carbon nitride materials
Authors: Gan Yu-Lin , Hu Xiao-Qian , Wen Lin-Zhi , Xu Jie , Xue Bing
Published: January 2020

Exfoliated g-C3N4treated with an alkaline solution possessed superiorly strong base sites and demonstrated high catalytic activity in the transesterification of EC to DMC.
Structural changes in colloid solutions of nanodiamond
Authors: Batsanov Stepan S. , Dan’kin Dmitry A. , Gavrilkin Sergey M. , Druzhinina Anna I. , Batsanov Andrei S.
Published: January 2020

Segregation of particles in a nanodiamond aqueous colloid due to Stokes’ law leads to re-ordering of the lattice of particles.
Glucose-based spiro-oxathiazoles as in vivo anti-hyperglycemic agents through glycogen phosphorylase inhibition
Authors: Goyard David , Kónya Bálint , Czifrák Katalin , Larini Paolo , Demontrond Fanny , Leroy Jérémy , Balzarin Sophie , Tournier Michel , Tousch Didier , Petit Pierre , Duret Cédric , Maurel Patrick , Docsa Tibor , Gergely Pál , Somsák László , Praly Jean-Pierre , Azay-Milhau Jacqueline , Vidal Sébastien
Published: January 2020

Spiro-glyco-heterocycles were prepared on a gram scale from a thiolactone obtained by thermolysis of a thiosulfinate. Lowering of glycaemia in diabetic rat models is pointing toward potential new treatment of type 2 diabetes.
La biologie des cibles PD-1 et CTLA-4 et la question des biomarqueurs
Authors: Dieu-Nosjean Marie-Caroline , Caux Christophe
Published: January 2020

L’identification dans les années 1990 du rôle des molécules CTLA-41 et PD-1, des récepteurs inhibiteurs des lymphocytes T (LT), dans le contrôle de la réponse immunitaire anti-tumorale, a conduit à l’attribution du Prix Nobel de Physiologie ou Médecine en 2018 à James Allison et Tasuku Honjo. Ces récepteurs inhibiteurs définissent ainsi des points de contrôle immunologique, communément nommés par l’anglicisme immune checkpoints, indispensables pour éviter un retentissement délétère de la réponse immunitaire sur les tissus sains et ainsi garantir l’intégrité de l’hôte. Cette découverte majeure a conduit Allison et Honjo à développer des anticorps capables de provoquer le relâchement de ces « freins » immunitaires, permettant ainsi d’attaquer avec efficacité les cellules tumorales. La molécule CTLA-4 module l’amplitude de l’activation précoce des LT et inhibe l’activité de CD28, un co-récepteur activateur majeur de ces cellules. La molécule PD-1 est, elle, exprimée par les LT mémoires et effecteurs, et semble intervenir dans la régulation des cellules chroniquement activées, comme lors des processus inflammatoires. Les traitements par anticorps qui découlent de ces découvertes ont pris une place majeure dans l’arsenal des thérapies anti-cancéreuses. Cette revue présente une synthèse des connaissances sur CTLA-4, PD-1 et leurs ligands, de leurs mécanismes d’action et de régulation, ainsi qu’un état des lieux de la compréhension des biomarqueurs associés à la réponse clinique des traitements par anticorps anti-PD-1/PD-L1 et anti-CTLA-4.
La région charnière des anticorps thérapeutiques
Authors: Deveuve Quentin , Gouilleux-Gruart Valérie , Thibault Gilles , Lajoie Laurie
Published: January 2020

La région charnière est une courte séquence des chaînes lourdes (H) d’anticorps liant le Fab (fragment antigen binding) au Fc (fragment crystallisable). Les propriétés fonctionnelles des quatre sous-classes d’immunoglobulines d’isotype G (IgG) résultent en partie des différences de séquence de leurs régions charnières. En effet, certains acides aminés de la partie C-terminale de ces régions charnières (« partie basse ») sont situés au sein ou à proximité des sites de liaison de la molécule C1q de la voie classique du complément et des récepteurs pour la région Fc des IgG (RFcγ) sur les chaînes H d’IgG. Les régions charnières sont également sensibles au clivage protéolytique par de nombreuses protéases du microenvironnement tumoral et/ou inflammatoire pouvant altérer les réponses fonctionnelles. Le format optimal de la charnière reste donc un défi majeur pour le développement de nouveaux anticorps thérapeutiques.
Les immuno-conjugués en oncologie
Authors: Beck Alain , Dumontet Charles , Joubert Nicolas
Published: January 2020

Un anticorps armé (antibody-drug conjugate en anglais) est une chimiothérapie vectorisée qui résulte du greffage d’un agent cytotoxique sur un anticorps monoclonal par l’intermédiaire d’un bras espaceur judicieusement construit. Les anticorps armés ont fait des progrès considérables en 10 ans. En 2009, seul le gemtuzumab ozogamicine (Mylotarg®) était utilisé en clinique. En 2019, 4 autres ADC ont été approuvés par la Food and drug administration et plus de 80 autres sont en études cliniques actives. La première partie de cette revue sera focalisée sur les anticorps armés approuvés, leurs limitations, ainsi que leur toxicité et mécanismes de résistances associés.
Les anticorps monoclonaux à l’aune de l’économie de la santé
Authors: Richard Geoffrey , Pontremoli Richard , Vuddamalay Gavin , Pons Dominique , Groux Nicolas
Published: January 2020

Bien que les anticorps thérapeutiques existent depuis maintenant plusieurs décennies et que le marché associé (nombre de projets en développement, nombre d’anticorps mis sur le marché…) soit en croissance, un palier a été franchi au début des années 2010 pour faire de cette décennie celle de l’immunothérapie. Pendant ces 10 dernières années, 62 anticorps ont obtenu une autorisation de mise sur le marché et le nombre d’accords (acquisitions, participations, partenariats) annuels entre les différents acteurs a dépassé la barre des 300 (avec trois fois plus d’accords en 2018 qu’en 2009). La révolution de l’immunothérapie dans le traitement des cancers et la récente utilisation d’anticorps en première ligne thérapeutique dans celui-ci sont les tournants majeurs de l’oncologie. Les trois dernières années (2016-2019) regroupent d’ailleurs à elles seules les deux tiers des plus importants accords de la décennie impliquant des immunothérapies. L’immunothérapie connaît donc actuellement un âge d’or qui se traduit par de nombreuses success stories, notamment en France, où sociétés de biotechnologie et big pharma présentent des résultats très positifs au plan tant thérapeutique que financier.
Complications following Suture Button Use for Femoral Graft Fixation in Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yassa R. , Adam J. R. , Charalambous C. P.
Published: January 2020

Understanding any potential complications that may occur in relation to the use of a suture button for femoral graft fixation in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can help raise awareness among surgeons and improve safety when using such implants. This is a systematic review of suture button related complications. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases from their year of inception until January 3, 2019. We included studies reporting on suture button related complications in their outcomes of femoral graft suture button fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Our search identified 479 articles, of which 19 met our inclusion criteria. Suture button misplacement (initial or subsequent migration) was the most commonly reported complication. Although, in most cases, button misplacement is minimal and does not adversely affect clinical outcomes, in some cases it may lead to graft failure or local soft tissue irritation and require further surgery. Intraoperative screening or arthroscopic evaluation of the deployed suture button may reduce this complication.
Quantitative temperature distribution measurements by non-contact scanning thermal microscopy using Wollaston probes under ambient conditions
Authors: Zhang Yun , Zhu Wenkai , Han Liang , Borca-Tasciuc Theodorian
Published: January 2020

Temperature measurement using Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM) usually involves heat transfer across the mechanical contact and liquid meniscus between the thermometer probe and the sample. Variations in contact conditions due to capillary effects at sample-probe contact and wear and tear of the probe and sample interfere with the accurate determination of the sample surface temperature. This paper presents a method for quantitative temperature sensing using SThM in noncontact mode. In this technique, the thermal probe is scanned above the sample at a distance comparable with the mean free path of ambient gas molecules. A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model (3DFEM) that includes the details of the heat transfer between the sample and the probe in the diffusive and transition heat conduction regimes was found to accurately simulate the temperature profiles measured using a Wollaston thermal probe setup. In order to simplify the data reduction for the local sample temperature, analytical models were developed for noncontact measurements using Wollaston probes. Two calibration strategies (active calibration and passive calibration) for the sample-probe thermal exchange parameters are presented. Both calibration methods use sample-probe thermal exchange resistance correlations developed using the 3DFEM to accurately capture effects due to sample-probe gap geometry and the thermal exchange radii in the diffusive and transition regimes. The analytical data reduction methods were validated by experiments and 3DFEM simulations using microscale heaters deposited on glass and on dielectric films on silicon substrates. Experimental and predicted temperature profiles were independent of the probe-sample clearance in the range of 100–200 nm, where the sample-probe thermal exchange resistance is practically constant. The difference between the SThM determined and actual average microheater temperature rise was between 0.1% and 0.5% when using active calibration on samples with known thermal properties and between ∼1.6% and 3.5% when using passive calibration, which yields robust sample-probe thermal exchange parameters that can be used also on samples with unknown thermal properties.
VOA[M4]
Authors: Feigin Boris , Gukov Sergei
Published: January 2020

We take a peek at a general program that associates vertex (or chiral) algebras to smooth 4-manifolds in such a way that operations on algebras mirror gluing operations on 4-manifolds and, furthermore, equivalent constructions of 4-manifolds give rise to equivalences (dualities) of the corresponding algebras.
Gradient composite microwave absorber: Investigation into loading profiles of conductive nanofiller
Authors: Bizhani Hasti , Nayyeri Vahid , Khanjarian Mostafa , Ramahi Omar M.
Published: January 2020

The effect of different loading profiles of a conductive nanofiller on the electromagnetic absorption of a gradient nanocomposite (NC) absorber is studied. First, the relative permittivity of a polymer matrix loaded with different contents of the conductive nanofiller is obtained using a theoretical model and experimentally measured data. Then, gradient NCs in which the concentration of the filler and the intrinsic impedance modulus form linear, exponential, and triangular profiles are considered and their return loss, with backed metal plates, is calculated. It is found that the gradient NC with a triangular impedance profile provides the lowest reflection over the widest bandwidth.
Carboxybetaine functionalized nanosilicas as protein resistant surface coatings
Authors: Knowles Brianna R. , Wagner Pawel , Maclaughlin Shane , Higgins Michael J. , Molino Paul J.
Published: January 2020

Materials with protein resistant properties are increasingly sought after for their potential application as low-fouling surface coatings. Hydrophilic coatings with improved resistance to protein fouling have been prepared from zwitterionic carboxybetaine (CB) functionalized silica nanoparticles (SiNPs). The authors report three methods of coating preparation via direct tethering of CB to predeposited particle films, a two-step surface functionalization process, and deposition of CB functionalized particle dispersions. The pH at which aqueous CB solutions were prepared and reacted to SiNPs was found to drastically influence the mechanism of CB attachment and affect the protein resistance of the resultant coatings. Depending on the method of coating preparation, protein binding to functionalized particle coatings was reduced by up to 94% compared to unfunctionalized SiNP control surfaces. As a result, all three methods offer simple and scalable fabrication routes for the generation of hydrophilic, zwitterionic interfaces with improved inhibition to protein fouling.
First measurements of optical emission spectroscopy on SPIDER negative ion source
Authors: Zaniol Barbara , Barbisan Marco , Bruno Domenico , Pasqualotto Roberto , Taliercio Cesare , Ugoletti Margherita
Published: January 2020

Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) on the SPIDER negative ion source has been collecting data since the beginning of operation in Summer 2018. The first few months were devoted to complete the diagnostic commissioning and its integration with the SPIDER control and data acquisition system. Consistent sets of spectroscopic data have been acquired under different experimental conditions, not only varying the plasma source filling pressure and injected power but also changing the RF generator frequencies and the strength of the magnetic field acting as a filter in front of the plasma grid. The main results of OES data analysis are presented in this work. SPIDER optical emission diagnostic comprises a set of 66 channels wavelength resolved and 36 single line channels by means of interference filtering. Some of them collect the photons along line of sight (LOS) perpendicular to the grids through the 8 RF drivers and others along LOS parallel to and near the grids, both horizontally and vertically. Since the starting of extraction experiments, 22 channels have been dedicated to collect the extracted beam emission. The LOS layout allows tracing two 9-point vertical profiles of the source plasma in the extraction region at 35 and 5 mm from the Plasma Grid (PG) and four 4-point horizontal profiles spanning the 65 mm region before the PG. It is also possible to collect spectra from LOS looking in between the grids. Both Balmer series and Fulcher band between 600 nm and 640 nm were routinely collected. Their intensities are very sensitive to the plasma parameters and when coupled to a collisional radiative model can give an estimation of the electron density and gas dissociation. It has been found that the Balmer emission and gas dissociation inside the drivers scale linearly with the RF power, the latter reaching a value up to 20% at high power and low pressure. Rotational gas temperature has also been evaluated; it ranged between 900 K and 1400 K, where higher values were reached for higher pressures and RF powers.
Vertical breakdown of GaN on Si due to V-pits
Authors: Besendörfer S. , Meissner E. , Tajalli A. , Meneghini M. , Freitas J. A. , Derluyn J. , Medjdoub F. , Meneghesso G. , Friedrich J. , Erlbacher T.
Published: January 2020

Gallium nitride on silicon (GaN/Si) is an important technological approach for power electronic devices exhibiting superior performance compared to devices based on a pure silicon technology. However, the material defect density in GaN/Si is high, and identification of critical defects limiting device reliability is still only partially accomplished because of experimental difficulties. In this work, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and cathodoluminescence were employed to investigate commonly occurring epitaxial overgrown V-pits and inhomogeneous incorporation of oxygen and carbon across layer stacking in the vertical direction. These experiments identified V-pits as regions with higher n-type carrier concentrations and paths for vertical leakage through the buffer, as directly probed by conductive atomic force microscopy. The deleterious effect of V-pits on device performance is demonstrated by evaluating test devices fabricated on two wafers with significantly diverse density of buried V-pits induced by varying growth conditions of the aluminum nitride nucleation layer. A clear correlation between observed vertical breakdown and density of V-pits within the C-doped GaN layer below the device structures is obtained. Back-gating transient measurements also show that the dynamic device behavior is affected by the V-pit density in terms of the detrapping time constants.