bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Gamma Ray Radiation on the Performance of Microelectromechanical Resonators
Authors: Lynes David D. , Chandrahalim Hengky , Bevins James E. , Petrosky James C.
Published: June 2023

While much radiation test data are available for metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) devices, research into the effects of radiation on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is in its relative infancy. Piezoelectrically transduced MEMS resonators have broad applications in signal processing, environmental monitoring, and navigation. Aluminum nitride (AlN), in particular, is an attractive piezoelectric because of its favorable fabrication characteristics and ease of integration into the complementary MOS (CMOS) manufacturing process. The utility of these devices in space and nuclear systems necessitates research into their performance in radiation environments. Resiliency and an established relationship between radiation dose and device behavior provide a critical tool for engineers in their design process. Multiple AlN‐based MEMS resonator designs are created and exposed the devices to 1 Mrad(Si) gamma irradiation from a Cobalt‐60 source while measuring scattering (S‐) parameters in situ. The experimental data are matched to a theoretical model to describe the change in frequency as a function of radiation‐induced displacement damage. It is demonstrated that the AlN‐based resonators are resilient against radiation‐induced charge‐trapping effects. Furthermore, a new method is presented of permanent frequency trimming MEMS resonators up to 30% of their bandwidth without modifying quality factor or motional resistance.
Fatigue Behavior of Polymer Encapsulated Graphene to Mitigate Interfacial Fatigue Damage
Authors: Islam Md Akibul , Kumral Boran , Wang Guorui , Cui Teng , Hou Yaoping , Pan Peng , Liu Xinyu , Filleter Tobin
Published: June 2023

In applications such as flexible electronic devices, graphene, and other 2D materials are frequently in contact with stretchable polymeric substrates. The interface between 2D materials and polymers is dominated by weak van der Waals forces and can eventually degrade due to the frequent dynamic mechanical loads that these devices experience. This can lead to significant local delamination and shear fracture of the 2D materials. Using the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) encapsulation method, it is shown that the damage in graphene is significantly mitigated when it is capped during dynamic loading. To track the spread of damage in both encapsulated and nonencapsulated graphene, in situ, cyclic loading is performed. The fundamental process driving this substantial reduction in damage propagation in the 2D lattice is explained by the conventional shear lag model. It is also observed that softer PDMS substrate and capping layer completely mitigate the fatigue damage in graphene for 100 cycles at 10% applied fatigue strain.
Retraction: Phosphorus‐Rich Colloidal Cobalt Diphosphide (CoP2) Nanocrystals for Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Hui , Wen Peng , Itanze Dominique S. , Kim Michael W. , Adhikari Shiba , Lu Chang , Jiang Lin , Qiu Yejun , Geyer Scott M.
Published: June 2023

Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1900813.

https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201900813

The above article, published online on May 6, 2019, in Wiley Online Library (https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201900813), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief Jos Lenders, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH. The retraction has been agreed on following concerns raised by a third party and a subsequent investigation at Wake Forest University. Data integrity issues were found in Figures 2c, 4d, S13a, S13b, S15, and S37. As a result, the authors consider the conclusions of this article invalid.
Single Non‐Blinking Graphene Quantum Dots Identified by Single‐Particle Catalysis
Authors: Fu Wei , Cao Huaqiang , Cheetham Anthony K.
Published: June 2023

Quantum dots (QDs) with non‐blinking applied in bio‐imaging is important for understanding cellular dynamics by monitoring single particles in living cells. Antibunching is once believed to be applied to identify a single QD, which shows a strong dependence on the atom or ion number. However, recent works indicate that the antibunching alone may not be sufficient to demonstrate that the fluorescence comes from a single QD. To some extent, it is neither necessary nor sufficient for a single QD, though it is absolutely right for a single atom because a single QD is composed of thousands of atoms, which in principle are favorable to the formation of multi‐excitonic states. Blinking behavior, almost unobservable in ensembles due to the averaging, is characteristic of the single QD which owns the quantum effect due to its discrete energy levels. Here, a method of transformation of a single graphene quantum dot from non‐blinking to blinking via catalytic reaction to identify a single QD is reported, which can also help with understanding the catalytic dynamics of a single QD, which is a complementary means of confirming a single QD. The reported technique paves the way to understanding a single QD and its catalytic and kinetic behaviors.
Can we eliminate the primate pet trade in the United States?
Authors: Norconk Marilyn A. , Atsalis Sylvia , Savage Anne
Published: June 2023

International laws and conventions have gone a long way in reducing the number of wild primates entering the United States of America (US) for the pet trade. However, breeding primates for sale to private owners in the United States continues, and individual states present a bewildering array of laws and regulations on the holding of primates as pets. As primatologists we can act to decrease the demand for primate pets by (1) speaking out on the inappropriate use of primates in mass media and especially in social media; (2) not posing in photographs in close proximity to primates; (3) continuing to educate about why primates do not make good pets; and (4) contributing to the science that underlies state and federal legislation with the goal of eliminating captive breeding of primates for the pet trade. We encourage primatologists and others in related fields to be cognizant of the persistent commercialization of primates and be willing to take action to deter it.
Tranexamic acid in endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abdallah Zahra , Staibano Phillip , Zhou Kelvin , Khalife Sarah , Nguyen Thomas B. V. , Sommer Doron D.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) approaches have revolutionized the management of sinonasal and intracranial pathology. Maintaining surgical hemostasis is essential as bleeding can obscure the visibility of the surgical field, thus increasing surgical duration, risk of complications, and procedural failure. Tranexamic acid (TXA) acts to reduce bleeding by inhibiting fibrin degradation. This review aims to assess whether TXA improves surgical field quality and reduces intraoperative blood loss compared with control.

Methods

We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception until September 1, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened citations, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials. Data were pooled using a random‐effect model, with continuous data presented as mean differences and dichotomous data presented as odds ratios.

Results

Seventeen ESS randomized controlled trials (n = 1377) and one ESBS randomized controlled trial (n = 50) were reviewed. Significant improvement in surgical field quality was achieved with both systemic TXA (six studies, p < 0.00001) and topical TXA (six studies, p = 0.01) compared with the control. Systemic TXA (eight studies) and topical TXA (three studies) both achieved a significant reduction in intraoperative blood loss compared with the control (p < 0.00001). There were significant differences in operative times (p < 0.001) but no significant difference in perioperative outcomes (p = 0.30).

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis demonstrated that the administration of TXA in ESS can improve surgical field quality and reduce intraoperative blood loss. TXA use did not result in increased perioperative complications including thrombotic events.
Cardiac arrest following sugammadex administration
Authors: Pereira A. V. , Oliveira R. R. , Esteves C. , Coutinho M. A.
Published: June 2023

A 68‐year‐old man underwent elective surgical repair of an abdominal wall hernia under general anaesthesia. The operation required muscle relaxation, for which we used rocuronium. Following completion of surgery, 180 mg sugammadex was administered intravenously. Shortly afterwards, the patient became severely bradycardic with hypotension, refractory to treatment with ephedrine. This progressed to a pulseless electrical activity cardiac arrest. After 4 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, there was return of spontaneous circulation and, following a period of haemodynamic stability in which general anaesthesia was maintained, the patient emerged from anaesthesia without incident. He remained haemodynamically stable until discharge. Post‐resuscitation investigations including the serum tryptase level were unremarkable except for a mild respiratory acidosis and slightly elevated D‐dimers. Sugammadex‐induced bradycardia has previously been described, but its mechanism remains unknown. We believe that sugammadex was the cause of cardiac arrest in this case because of the timing and sequence of events, the evolution to pulseless electric activity and the relatively uneventful post‐arrest clinical course. We hope that our report will help to promote awareness about this potential complication of a now commonly‐used drug.
Preparation of high‐performance polyurethane elastomers via direct use of alcoholyzed waste PET by high molecular weight polyester diols
Authors: Liu Li , Hao Panpan , Zhang Ruiqi , Zhang Yujin , Zhou Qing , Lu Xingmei , Yan Dongxia , Li Yi , Shi Chunyan
Published: June 2023

Products obtained by alcoholysis of waste PET are promising raw materials for the synthesis of polyurethane elastomers (PUEs). Alcoholysis of PET by low molecular weight diols such as ethylene glycol yields low molecular weight products. The latter need to be polymerized to high molecular weight polyols which are subsequently used as soft segments for the synthesis of PUEs. This work aims to look for suitable high molecular weight diols for the alcoholysis of waste PET to yield high molecular weight products which can be directly used as soft segments for the synthesis of PUEs. This approach allows to save the polymerization step for the formation of high molecular weight polyols. Specifically, polyester diols such as polycaprolactone diol (Mn = 2000) were used for the alcoholysis of waste PET. The resulting PUEs exhibited very good mechanical properties: a tensile strength of up to 40.95 MPa, an elongation at break of up to 1219%, and a toughness of up to 237 MJ·m−3, along with good transparency and thermal stability.
In situ evaluation of alginate‐Ca2+ gelation kinetics
Authors: Besiri Ioanna N. , Goudoulas Thomas B. , Fattahi Ehsan , Becker Thomas
Published: June 2023

A thorough assessment of gelation progress requires real‐time recording of biopolymer kinetics. In this study, an in situ investigation with a customized parallel‐plate rheometric setup examines how the initial distribution of CaCl2 to alginate through micro‐holes affects the process. At constant volume and concentration of reactants, stiffer gels are produced at the same probing time by increasing the number of suppliers (2–12). Due to the oscillation and the different local distribution of the cations into the biopolymer solution, the development of gel front is affected, which is for the first time in situ rheologically investigated by the temporal evaluation of complex modulus, G*. The alternative configurations of the same number of micro‐holes have drastically contribution to this regard, too. Moreover, a two‐kernel equation is introduced predicting the alginate‐Ca2+ gelation kinetics. It represents the initial fast increase in G*, determined by the concentration of cross‐linker, and the slow diffusion of cations to the assembled gelling structures depicted on the successive evolution of G* in longer times. Finally, a continuous and an intermittent oscillatory time sweep influence the diffusion of the cross‐linking solution resulting in considerably different gelation curves for the same concentration of reactants.
Protected land enhances the survival of native aquatic macrophytes and limits invasive species spread in the Panama Canal
Authors: Salgado Jorge , Vélez María I. , González‐Arango Catalina , O'Dea Aaron
Published: June 2023

This study examined whether protected land in a tropical reservoir's catchment can promote the survival of native aquatic plants (macrophytes) and limit the spread of invasive alien plant species (macrophyte IAS), which can threaten native wildlife and require expensive remediation. As the number of tropical river dams is expected to increase in the coming decades to meet societal demands, it is crucial to explore solutions for preserving aquatic biodiversity.

The study used a before–after–control–intervention design, based on monitoring data and long‐term sedimentological, climatic and ecological records from both lake and river zones adjacent to protected and unprotected lands around the 100‐year‐old Gatun Lake in the Panama Canal, Panama. The research examined the impact of impoundment and the invasion of Pontederia crassipes (water hyacinth) and Hydrilla verticillata (water thyme) on native macrophyte communities and environmental variables.

Lake zones adjacent to protected lands had lower nutrient concentrations, greater variations in water depth profiles and reduced fluctuations in water chemistry than lake zones outside areas of land protection. In addition, the results showed that whereas zones adjacent to unprotected land became dominated by macrophyte IAS, lake zones adjacent to protected areas were more resilient to the spread of macrophyte IAS and were able to maintain viable populations of native pre‐dam species for >100 years.

This study indicates that protecting land adjacent to tropical reservoirs could be a cost‐effective solution for preserving aquatic macrophyte biodiversity by retaining nutrients, stabilizing water chemistry, providing habitat heterogeneity and protecting native vegetation, while still supporting terrestrial conservation goals. These findings could aid in planning measures for the hundreds of proposed dam projects across lowland tropical areas and provide new insights into best practices for enhancing river ecosystem resilience.
Recent Progress in Polyethylene‐enhanced Organic Phase Change Composite Materials for Energy Management
Authors: Wu Wen‐Ya , Yeo George Ming Da , Wang Suxi , Liu Zhiyuan , Loh Xian Jun , Zhu Qiang
Published: June 2023

Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are utilized to regulate temperature and store thermal energy in various industries such as infrastructure, electronics, solar power, and more. However, they face several limitations, such as leakage, poor thermal properties, incompatibility, as well as high flammability. Polyethylene (PE) is one of many polymers explored to enhance the desirable properties of PCMs, due to their versatile properties such as high strength, durability, chemical resistance, and low cost. The combination of PCMs and PE can be used to create composite materials, through micro/nano‐ encapsulation, melt‐blending, formation of composites and with proper additives. They create enhanced thermal energy storage properties and in the meantime, benefited from the mechanical properties of the PE. This review provides a concise summary of the recent developments regarding PE‐enhanced PCMs and provides insights into possible topics for further investigation. We summarised enhancement methods based on commonly adopted types of PEs, such as encapsulation, melt‐blending, hot pressing, extrusion, and 3D printing. We then elaborate on how these PE‐PCM composites are effectively utilised for heat management applications and the potential future directions in energy‐saving buildings, electronic devices, and energy storage systems.
Teaching biochemistry and metabolism using a YouTube channel during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tume Fernando
Published: June 2023

YouTube is a widely recognized video‐sharing platform that students often use to search for videos that explain ideas and concepts related to their courses, seminars, or research. With the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, education has undergone a dramatic shift toward virtual learning, leading to a surge in the number of YouTube viewers and video creators. This article discusses the launch of a Spanish‐language YouTube channel focused on biochemistry and metabolism, which was found to be useful by the author's students enrolled in Nutritional Biochemistry course at Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima Perú. This innovation has also benefited students and teachers across Peru and other Spanish‐speaking countries. Based on this experience, teachers and professionals should be encouraged to share their knowledge on this platform, making it a reliable source of information during challenging situations.
Efficacy and safety of maintenance therapy with pamiparib versus placebo for advanced gastric cancer responding to first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy: Phase 2 study results
Authors: Ciardiello Fortunato , Bang Yung‐Jue , Cervantes Andrés , Dvorkin Mikhail , Lopez Charles D. , Metges Jean‐Philippe , Sánchez Ruiz Antonio , Calvo Mariona , Strickland Andrew H. , Kannourakis George , Muro Kei , Kawakami Hisato , Wei Jia , Borg Christophe , Zhu Zhaoyin , Gupta Neal , Pelham Robert J. , Shen Lin
Published: June 2023

Background

Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) are approved for the treatment of various solid tumors. In gastric cancer, genes commonly harbor mutations in the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway, potentially increasing sensitivity to PARPi. Pamiparib (BGB‐290) is a small molecule inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2.

Methods

The PARALLEL‐303 study (NCT03427814) investigated the efficacy and safety of pamiparib 60 mg orally (PO) twice daily (BID) versus placebo PO BID as maintenance therapy in patients with inoperable locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer that responded to platinum‐based first‐line chemotherapy. The primary endpoint of this double‐blind, randomized, global phase 2 study was progression‐free survival (PFS) (RECIST version 1.1; per investigator assessment). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and safety.

Results

In total, 136 patients were randomized 1:1 to receive pamiparib (n = 71) or placebo (n = 65). Median PFS was numerically longer with pamiparib versus placebo but did not reach statistical significance (3.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9, 5.3] vs. 2.1 months [95% CI: 1.9, 3.8]; hazard ratio 0.8 [95% CI: 0.5, 1.2]; p = 0.1428). Median OS was 10.2 months (95% CI: 8.7, 16.3) in the pamiparib arm versus 12.0 months (95% CI: 8.2, not estimable) in the placebo arm. Overall, 8 patients (11.3%) in the pamiparib arm and 2 patients (3.1%) in the placebo arm experienced ≥1 TEAE leading to treatment discontinuation.

Conclusions

Maintenance pamiparib did not meet statistical significance for superiority versus placebo for PFS, but was well tolerated with few treatment discontinuations; no unexpected safety signals were identified.
Genomic landscape of locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma: Comparison between before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and effects of genetic biomarkers on clinical outcomes and tumor response
Authors: Lee Tae Hoon , Jang Bum‐Sup , Chang Ji Hyun , Kim Eunji , Park Jeong Hwan , Chie Eui Kyu
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To explore genomic biomarkers in rectal cancer by performing whole‐exome sequencing.

Materials and Methods

Pre‐chemoradiation (CRT) biopsy and post‐CRT surgical specimens were obtained from 27 patients undergoing neoadjuvant CRT followed by definitive resection. Exomes were sequenced to a mean coverage of 30×. Somatic single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertions/deletions (indels) were identified. Tumor mutational burden was defined as the number of SNVs or indels. Mutational signatures were extracted and fitted to COSMIC reference signatures. Tumor heterogeneity was quantified with a mutant‐allele tumor heterogeneity (MATH) score. Genetic biomarkers and frequently occurred copy number alterations (CNAs) were compared between pre‐ and post‐CRT specimens. Their associations with tumor regression grade (TRG) and clinical outcomes were explored.

Results

Top five mutated genes were APC, TP53, NF1, KRAS, and NOTCH1 for pre‐CRT samples and APC, TP53, NF1, CREBBP, and ATM for post‐CRT samples. Several gene mutations including RUNX1, EGFR, and TP53 in pre‐CRT samples showed significant association with clinical outcomes, but not with TRG. However, no such association was found in post‐CRT samples. Discordance of driver mutation status was found between pre‐ and post‐CRT samples. In tumor mutational burden analysis, higher number of SNVs or indels was associated with worse treatment outcomes. Six single‐base substitution (SBS) signatures identified were SBS1, SBS30, SBS29, SBS49, SBS3, and SBS44. The MATH score decreased after CRT on paired analysis. Less than half of CNAs frequent in post‐CRT samples were present in pre‐CRT samples.

Conclusion

Pre‐ and post‐CRT samples showed different genomic landscape. Potential genetic biomarkers of pre‐CRT samples found in the current analysis call for external validation.
The role of DYNLT3 in breast cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion via epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Wang Han , Chen Xin , Jin Yanshan , Liu Tingxian , Song Yizuo , Zhu Xuejie , Zhu Xueqiong
Published: June 2023

Purpose

DYNLT3 is identified as an age‐related gene. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism of its carcinogenesis in breast tumor has not been clarified. This research aims to elucidate the role and the underlying molecular pathways of DYNLT3 on breast cancer tumorigenesis.

Methods

The differential expression of DYNLT3 among breast cancer, breast fibroids, and normal tissues, as well as in various breast cancer cell lines were detected by immunohistochemical staining, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Additionally, the role of DYNLT3 on cell viability and proliferation were observed through cell counting kit‐8, bromodeoxyuridine, and colony formation experiments. Migratory and invasive abilities was envaulted by wound healing and Transwell methods. Apoptotic cells rate was examined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, nude mice xenograft models were established to confirm the role of DYNLT3 in tumor formation in vivo.

Results

DYNLT3 expression was highly rising in both breast cancer tissues and cells. DYNLT3 knockdown obviously suppressed cell growth, migration and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. The overexpression of DYNLT3 exerted the opposite effect in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Moreover, DYNLT3 knockdown inhibited tumor formation in vivo. Mechanistically, an elevation of N‐cadherin and vimentin levels and a decline of E‐cadherin were observed when DYNLT3 was upregulated, which was reversed when DYNLT3 knockdown was performed.

Conclusion

DYNLT3 may function as a tumor‐promotor of age‐associated breast cancer, which is expected to provide experimental basis for new treatment options.
18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging of several asymptomatic skeletal muscle metastases of mixed germ cell ovarian cancer
Authors: Abdinejad Maryam , Alavi Mehrosadat
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Metastasis to muscles caused by ovarian cancer is very rare and has a poor prognosis. Performing a whole‐body F18‐FDG PET/CT scan makes it possible to examine the whole body in one study and detected lesions in unexpected places.
A Quadruple Catalysis Enabling Intermolecular Branch‐Selective Hydroacylation of Styrenes
Authors: Takekawa Yunosuke , Nakagawa Masanari , Nagao Kazunori , Ohmiya Hirohisa
Published: June 2023

A quadruple N‐heterocyclic carbene/cobalt/photoredox/Brønsted base catalysis to realize branch‐selective hydroacylation of styrenes with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes is demonstrated. This protocol allows access to branched ketones from readily available materials in an atom‐economical manner. The quadruple catalysis can transfer a formyl hydrogen of aldehydes as a hydrogen radical equivalent onto the terminal carbon of an alkene by controlled electron and proton transfers.
Atmospheric Degradation and Performance Recovery of Two‐Dimensional MoS2 Field Effect Transistor†
Authors: Sun Lifei , Lu Zhixing , Xu Rui , Li Zhewei , Xu Guanchen , Chen Fengen , Cheng Zhihai , Jiao Liying
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) showed great potentials in 2D nanoelectronic devices due to their abundant and unique properties. The performance stability of the 2D TMDCs devices turns into one of the keys for their practical applications but has been rarely explored. Here, we investigated stability of MoS2 devices in ambient condition and contributed the device performance degradation to the surface oxidation of the contact metals with low work function, which increased the contact barrier and hindered the electron injection. We developed a new approach to recover the performance of the aged devices through the selective doping of contacts with organolithium, which prolonged the lifetime of MoS2 devices. Our work not only provides important insights into the stability of 2D TMDCs devices, but also opens up a new avenue for optimizing the performance of 2D MoS2 devices.
Enhanced lactic acid production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation from household food waste
Authors: Song Liang , Liu Shiyu , Yang Donghai , Liu Rui , Dai Xiaohu
Published: June 2023

A large amount of household food waste (HFW) is generated yearly and may negatively impact the environment and human health. The recovery of value‐added chemicals lactic acid (LA) from HFW through anaerobic treatment is a promising approach. However, it remains a challenge to increase the LA yield. In this paper, the LA production from HFW was enhanced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The results showed that the mixed commercial enzymes of plant enzymes (E1), animal proteases (E2), and glucoamylase (E3) were more conducive to LA production than those used separately. Compared to the separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), the LA production increased by 14% in the SSF, and the glucose concentration showed different change rules. Additionally, an average LA concentration of 47.7 g L–1 was obtained by repeated batch fermentation through SSF. However, the maximum LA concentration decreased with the fermentation ongoing. The trend of decreasing LA production could be improved by repeated batch fermentation with supplementary inoculation.
Diagnosis of salivary gland tumors: Does the triple diagnosis method have value?
Authors: Preston Peace , Esebua Magda , Layfield Lester J.
Published: June 2023

Background

Appropriate clinical management of salivary gland lesions requires a determination as to whether a salivary gland nodule is benign or malignant. Approximately three‐quarters of all salivary gland nodules represent benign neoplasms. Separation of salivary gland carcinomas from benign lesions can be diagnostically challenging. The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology recommends the correlation of cytologic diagnoses with imaging and clinical findings creating a diagnostic triplet. How often the “Triple Diagnosis” method is used and its accuracy in separating salivary gland nodules into benign and malignant groups are unknown.

Methods

An electronic records search of cytology files at the University of Missouri was performed for fine needle aspirates of the salivary gland obtained between September 2018 and August 2022. Chart review was performed for preoperative clinical and imaging diagnoses. Diagnostic “Triplets” constructed from cytologic, clinical, and imaging diagnoses were correlated with final surgical pathology diagnosis.

Results

One hundred and thirty‐six FNAs were identified. Eighty‐seven cases had preoperative imaging with 52 of these cases having clinical diagnoses. Due to the lack of a definitive clinical or imaging diagnosis for a nodule as benign or malignant, only 12 (23%) cases had definitive “Triplets.” Nine (17%) “Triplets” were benign and three (6%) were malignant. Accuracy of concordant triplets was 100% for the prediction of malignancy and 89% for the prediction of a benign result as determined by final histologic diagnoses.

Conclusion

While highly accurate in predicting the benign or malignant nature of a salivary gland nodule, concordant triplets made up only 23% of cases limiting their clinical utility.
Xanthatin induce DDP‐resistance lung cancer cells apoptosis through regulation of GLUT1 mediated ROS accumulation
Authors: Liu Yunxiao , Zhang Xinge , Cheng Fenting , Cao Wei , Geng Yadi , Chen Zhaolin , Wei Wei , Zhang Lei
Published: June 2023

Chemoresistance to cisplatin (DDP) therapy is a major obstacle that needs to be overcome in treating lung cancer patients. Xanthatin has been reported to exhibit an antitumor effect on various cancers, but the function of xanthatin in DDP‐resistance lung cancer remains unclear. The study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of xanthatin on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration in DDP‐resistance lung cancer cells. In the present study, xanthatin suppresses the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), attenuates the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and causes ROS accumulation and apoptosis, thereby mitigating the antioxidative capacity in DDP‐resistance cells. Previous studies have shown that GLUT1 is associated with resistance to platinum drugs. We found that GLUT1 was significantly increased in the DDP‐resistant lung cancer cell line compared to the parental cell line, and xanthatin significantly downregulated GLUT1 expression in DDP‐resistant lung cancer cells. Notably, overexpression of GLUT1 significantly reduced the production of ROS and increased cellular NADPH/NADP+ and GSH/GSSG ratios. Thus, these results suggest that xanthatin induces DDP‐resistance lung cancer cells apoptosis through regulation of GLUT1‐mediated ROS accumulation. These findings might provide a possible strategy for the clinical treatment of DDP‐resistant lung cancer.
A framework to identify functional interactors that contribute to disrupted early retinal development in Vsx2 ocular retardation J mice
Authors: Leung Amanda M. , Rao Mahesh B. , Raju Nathan , Chung Minh , Klinger Allison , Rowe DiAnna J. , Li Xiaodong , Levine Edward M.
Published: June 2023

Background

A goal of developmental genetics is to identify functional interactions that underlie phenotypes caused by mutations. We sought to identify functional interactors of Vsx2, which when mutated, disrupts early retinal development. We utilized the Vsx2 loss‐of‐function mouse, ocular retardation J (orJ), to assess interactions based on principles of positive and negative epistasis as applied to bulk transcriptome data. This was first tested in vivo with Mitf, a target of Vsx2 repression, and then to cultures of orJ retina treated with inhibitors of Retinoid‐X Receptors (RXR) to target Rxrg, an up‐regulated gene in the orJ retina, and gamma‐Secretase, an enzyme required for Notch signaling, a key mediator of retinal proliferation and neurogenesis.

Results

Whereas Mitf exhibited robust positive epistasis with Vsx2, it only partially accounts for the orJ phenotype, suggesting other functional interactors. RXR inhibition yielded minimal evidence for epistasis between Vsx2 and Rxrg. In contrast, gamma‐Secretase inhibition caused hundreds of Vsx2‐dependent genes associated with proliferation to deviate further from wild‐type, providing evidence for convergent negative epistasis with Vsx2 in regulating tissue growth.

Conclusions

Combining in vivo and ex vivo testing with transcriptome analysis revealed quantitative and qualitative characteristics of functional interaction between Vsx2, Mitf, RXR, and gamma‐Secretase activities.
Breastfeeding and pumping as maladaptive weight control behaviors
Authors: Bailey‐Straebler Suzanne M. , Susser Leah C. , Cooper Zafra
Published: June 2023

It is well recognized by the general public that breastfeeding expends calories. In our clinical practice, a number of postpartum women with a history of or a current eating disorder (ED) report using breastfeeding and/or pumping breast milk to influence their body shape and weight. This appears to be either a form of weight control behavior or, in some cases, a compensation for perceived overeating or binge eating. Breastfeeding and pumping have not generally been identified as maladaptive weight control behaviors, nor have they been a subject of research to date. We suggest that this practice should be investigated to determine how common it is, its potential role in maintaining EDs or contributing to relapse in the postpartum period, and to better understand other potential harms it may cause to both the mother and infant/child.

Public significance

Breastfeeding and pumping may be used as maladaptive methods of weight control by women with EDs. This behavior is under‐recognized in clinical practice and has received little research attention. We argue that maladaptive breastfeeding and pumping warrant further investigation, as the behaviors may play an important role in maintaining an ED or in contributing to relapse during the postpartum period and may also indirectly harm the infant/child.
Nitraza‐/Oxa‐Propylene‐ and Hydrazonemethylene‐Bridged 1,2,4‐Nitraminotriazoles and Selected Salts
Authors: Harter Alexander G. , Klapötke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard , Lechner Jasmin T. , Riedelsheimer Christian
Published: June 2023

Two new bridged nitraminotriazoles with bridging oxapropylene and nitrazapropylene moieties were synthesized, and converted into several salts, as well as from the hydrazonemethylene bridged nitraminotriazole. All compounds were fully characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis as well as differential thermal analysis. The sensitivity towards friction and impact were determined according to BAM standard technics and the energetic properties were calculated by using the EXPLO5 computer code. The neutral compounds as well as the various salts were examined in terms of their physicochemical properties and detonation performance to each other and compared to the commonly used secondary explosive RDX.
Simultaneously Encapsulating Co/Co2P Nanoparticles Inside and Growing Vertical Graphene Nanosheets Outside for N‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient Sulfur Carriers for High‐Performance Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lin Junsheng , Mo Yangcheng , Li Zhenwei , Yang Kaochun , Yu Jie
Published: June 2023

Agglomeration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) extremely hampers utilization of active surface area and impedes sulfur loading, which limit their application in high–energy‐density lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Herein, N‐doped carbon nanotubes with Co/Co2P nanoparticles encapsulated inside and vertical graphene (VG) nanosheets grown outside (CCP@NCNT@VGs) are prepared as efficient sulfur carriers for Li–S batteries. The Co/Co2P nanoparticles encapsulated in the NCNTs could strongly anchor polysulfide and efficiently catalyze the conversion of polysulfides to Li2S, while the 3D hierarchical conductive network constructed by the vertical graphene nanosheets and NCNT quickly transfer electrons and improve the conversion kinetics of polysulfides. The as‐synthesized hierarchical structure combines conductivity with anchoring and catalysis, significantly elevating the electrochemical performance of the Li–S batteries. Hence, even at a high mass loading of 7 mg cm−2, the CCP@NCNT@VGs/S electrode with limited electrolyte/sulfur ratio (4 μL mg−1) exhibits a high areal capacity of 7 mAh cm−2, showing great application potential in the field of energy storage.
Recent Advances in Metallic Catalyst Materials for Electrochemical Upgrading of Furfurals to Drop‐in Biofuels: A Mini Review
Authors: Munirathinam Balakrishnan , Schlüter Nicolas , Schröder Daniel
Published: June 2023

Electro‐organic synthesis is an ecologically benign and cost‐effective technique. Among other purposes, it can be used to produce a broad spectrum of biofuels for aviation applications. Metallic electrocatalyst materials employed for electro‐organic synthesis enable the conversion of biomass derived furfural compounds to various furanic biofuels. Each metallic catalyst material has its own inherent characteristics of generating specific amounts of fine chemicals and fuel components. By and large, furanic biofuels produced using metallic catalyst materials are favored explicitly under acidic or mildly acidic electrolytes. Therefore, it is intriguing to understand the nature of different catalyst materials that are compatible with acidic electrolytes. Herein, the focus will be on the recent progress in the field of electro‐organic synthesis of furanic fuels under acidic conditions. This review provides an overview of electrocatalytic conversion, its fundamentals, the reaction pathways observed during conversion, and the importance of metallic catalyst materials. Subsequently, the role of noble and nonnoble metallic catalysts on the electrocatalytic transformation of furfural compounds to various biofuels in acidic environment is discussed. In the end, perspectives are presented with regard to the challenges associated with the current technology and possible ways to look ahead to scale up the current technology.
Assessing the efficacy of water management and wheat straw addition in mitigating methane emissions from rice paddy fields
Authors: Rassaei Farzad
Published: June 2023

To improve the quality of soil, agriculture typically uses organic additions like wheat straw (WS). Water management (WM) methods such as alternative wetness and dryness irrigation (AWDI) in paddy rice farming can increase water use efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, a randomized complete block design (RCBD) pot greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the effects of WM (CFI (continued flooding irrigation) and AWDI), WS (15.0 and 30.0 ton ha−1), and their interaction (WS*WM) on CH4emissions and rice yield in a paddy calcareous soil cultivated with rice. The largest CH4emission occurred 30 and 70 days following rice planting. Single applications of WS at 15.0 and 30.0 ton ha−1significantly increased CH4emissions by 19.60% and 68.70% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared to the Control. Compared to CFI, the AWDI reduced CH4emissions by 31.20% (P < 0.01). The correlations between AWDI and CH4emissions in days after rice planting were significantly negative at the 0.01 level based on Pearson correlation. Adding WS in the AWDI significantly decreased CH4emissions by 27.70 and 25.64% in 15.0 and 30.0 ton ha−1added WS (P < 0.05), respectively, compared to sole WS. Both rates of WS resulted in a considerable increase in biomass and rice grain compared to the Control, while the AWDI had no significant effect on biomass and grain yield. Our data showed significant interaction between AWDI and WS on biomass. Our study shows that the AWDI saved 18.50% water compared to the CFI.
Clean printing of cotton fabrics using novel environmental‐friendly phthalocyanine‐monoazo reactive dyes
Authors: Hu Liu , Yu Yingsong , Han Huayu , Zhang Shangkun , Hu Yi , Song Xiyu
Published: June 2023

Application of reactive dyes with low fixation in textile coloring field has caused discharges of colored wastewater and waste of resources. In this work, to reduce the discharge and improve the utilization, three novel reactive dyes (D1, D2, D3) with high reactivity based on copper phthalocyanine‐azo skeleton were designed and synthesized, and the structures were characterized by UV–vis, FT‐IR, and 1H NMR. All these dyes had large molar extinction coefficients, and they presented violet, brown, and dark‐violet colors. The printing performances on cotton fabrics of the dyes were investigated. Results show that the printing properties of the dyes on fabrics were not obviously affected by alkaline concentration, urea concentration, and steaming time. In addition, the printing process leaded to colorless wastewater, and the fixations on cotton fabrics of D1, D2, and D3 were all close to 100%, illustrating high utilization of the novel dyes. The design and application of this kind of reactive dye could provide a significant approach for reducing the discharge of colored wastewater and saving energy.
Experimental investigation in the selection of phase change materials based on thermal stratification effect in thermal energy storage system
Authors: Christopher Sathiya Satchi , Vikram Muthuraman Ponrajan , Bharathi Balavadivel Raja
Published: June 2023

This study aims to evaluate the effects of thermal stratification on thermal energy storage (TES) systems during the charging process and choose suitable phase change materials (PCMs) for various layers. The research revealed that fiberglass insulation of 60 mm thick significantly decreased natural convection losses and increased the TES system's potential for energy recovery. For constant heat load, the charging time increased with increasing HTF inlet temperature, but remained constant for the first TES layer at a specified flow rate, resulting in increased storage capacity with minimal heat loss to the surroundings. The solar collector efficiency was shown to be dependent on solar radiation and collector efficiency, with peak efficiency seen at specified periods. The lowest melting point of PCMs at each layer 68°C, 62.7°C, 57°C, and 50°C was chosen based on temperature graphs. For comparing stratification behavior, the “MIX” number versus non‐dimensional charging time plot was effective. Additional experiments are needed to assess the selected PCMs' charging and discharging properties.
Differences in the topographical distribution of sleep spindles among adult epilepsy with cognitive impairment
Authors: Huang Yajin , Liu Yanjun , Liu Yaqing , Han Juping , Han Hongmei , Li Junqiang , Wang Tiancheng
Published: June 2023

Objective

Cognitive comorbidities are common in epilepsy; however, symptomatic treatment is currently the only available effective therapy. Sleep, cognition, and epilepsy are closely associated. Therefore, many studies on epilepsy and cognition have focused on sleep structures, such as sleep spindles, which are considered windows to understanding the sleeping brain. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep spindles and the severity of cognitive impairment in adult epilepsy.

Methods

Fifty‐seven adults with epilepsy underwent overnight sleep electroencephalogram recordings and cognitive testing. Slow (9–12 Hz) and fast (12–15 Hz) spindle characteristics during N2 sleep were calculated using a convolutional neural network‐based sleep staging system and automatic spindle detection algorithm. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to analyze differences in fast and slow spindle densities among subgroups of patients based on cognitive impairment severity.

Results

A significant between‐group effect was observed for both slow and fast spindle densities. Multiple comparisons showed that slow and fast spindle densities of the severe cognitive impairment subgroup were lower than those of the noncognitive impairment subgroup (P < 0.05). Simple‐effect analysis revealed differences in slow spindle density distributed among the EEG channels Fp1, Fp2, F3, C3, P4, O1, O2, F8, T4, T5, T6, Fz, and Cz (P < 0.05). Differences in fast spindle density were distributed among the channels Fp1, Fp2, F3, C3, O1, O2, F7, F8, T4, T5, T6, and Fz (P < 0.05).

Significance

Significant differences in topographical distribution of fast and slow spindle densities were observed at the scalp level among patients with different cognitive statuses. Compared with patients with no cognitive impairment, those with severe cognitive impairment had lower slow and fast spindle densities over multiple scalp regions during N2 sleep. This study provides a reference for objective assessment of cognitive dysfunction in epilepsy patients.
Twenty‐five years of epilepsy surgery at a Central European comprehensive epilepsy center—Trends in intervention delay and outcomes
Authors: Všianský Vít , Brázdil Milan , Rektor Ivan , Doležalová Irena , Kočvarová Jitka , Strýček Ondřej , Hemza Jan , Chrastina Jan , Brichtová Eva , Horák Ondřej , Mužlayová Patrícia , Hermanová Markéta , Hendrych Michal , Pail Martin
Published: June 2023

Objective

We analyzed trends in patients' characteristics, outcomes, and waiting times over the last 25 years at our epilepsy surgery center situated in Central Europe to highlight possible areas of improvement in our care for patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy.

Methods

A total of 704 patients who underwent surgery at the Brno Epilepsy Center were included in the study, 71 of those were children. Patients were separated into three time periods, 1996‐2000 (n = 95), 2001‐2010 (n = 295) and 2011‐2022 (n = 314) based on first evaluation at the center.

Results

The average duration of epilepsy before surgery in adults remained high over the last 25 years (20.1 years from 1996 to 2000, 21.3 from 2001 to 2010, and 21.3 from 2011 to 2020,P = 0.718). There has been a decrease in rate of surgeries for temporal lobe epilepsy in the most recent time period (67%—70%—52%,P < 0.001). Correspondingly, extratemporal resections have become more frequent with a significant increase in surgeries for focal cortical dysplasia (2%—8%—19%,P < 0.001). For resections, better outcomes (ILAE scores 1a‐2) have been achieved in extratemporal lesional (0%—21%—61%,P = 0.01, at least 2‐year follow‐up) patients. In temporal lesional patients, outcomes remained unchanged (at least 77% success rate). A longer duration of epilepsy predicted a less favorable outcome for resective procedures (P = 0.024) in patients with disease duration of less than 25 years.

Significance

The spectrum of epilepsy surgery is shifting toward nonlesional and extratemporal cases. While success rates of extratemporal resections at our center are getting better, the average duration of epilepsy before surgical intervention is still very long and is not improving. This underscores the need for stronger collaboration between epileptologists and outpatient neurologists to ensure prompt and effective treatment for patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy.