bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Struggle for Subnational Democracy
Authors: Behrend Jacqueline , Whitehead Laurence
Published: April 2016

Ten of the world’s twelve largest countries are “electoral democracies.” Yet a look at politics beneath the national level reveals patterns of illiberalism that mark out a new frontier for democratic research and activism.
Latin America’s New Turbulence: Trouble in the “Northern Triangle”
Authors: Colburn Forrest D. , Arturo Cruz S.
Published: April 2016

Abstract: Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador are weighed down by high crime, sluggish economies, and heavy reliance on remittances. And when significant political change has taken place, it has resulted in frightening political fragmentation.
The Puzzle of the Chinese Middle Class
Authors: Nathan Andrew J.
Published: April 2016

Seymour Martin Lipset argued that economic development would enlarge the middle class, and that the middle class would support democracy. To what extent will this general proposition prove true of China?
More than Acid-Free Folders: Extending the Concept of Preservation to Include the Stewardship of Unexplored Histories
Authors: Sheffield Rebecka T.
Published: April 2016

Recognized among the American Library Association’s “Core Values of Librarianship” (2004), Preservation is traditionally used to describe the passive protection of cultural property to ensure that it survives in its original form for as long as possible. A renewed professional imperative to position information centers as locations for social justice work has also turned our attention to the need to preserve materials that support a diverse and pluralistic society. Social justice work underscores the evidential value of materials in our care, as collections are accessed for the purposes of furthering court cases, reparative justice, and redress, and also the importance of building reflexive collections that better represent the diversity of contemporary society. This paper revisits our understanding of preservation and addresses the importance of actively preserving cultural property as part of social justice work. Through a short discussion about the recovery of LGBTQ+ histories, information professionals are pushed to reconsider our concept of preservation as something more than placing records into acid-free folders or migrating data to stave off obsolescence, but as a duty to steward unexplored histories.
The Paradox of Privacy: Revisiting a Core Library Value in an Age of Big Data and Linked Data
Authors: Campbell D. Grant , Cowan Scott R.
Published: April 2016

Protecting user privacy and confidentiality is fundamental to the ethics and practice of librarianship, and such protection constitutes one of eleven values in the American Library Association’s “Core Values of Librarianship” (2004). This paper addresses the concerns of protecting privacy in the library as they relate to library users who are defining, exploring, and negotiating their sexual identities with the help of the library’s information, programming, and physical facilities. In so doing, we enlist the aid of Garret Keizer, who, in Privacy (2012), articulates a fresh theory of the concept in light of American social life in the twenty-first century. Using Keizer’s theory, we examine these concerns within the context of the rise of big data systems and social media on the one hand, and linked data and new cataloging standards on the other. In so doing, we suggest that linked data technologies, with their ability to lead searchers through self-directed, open inquiry, are superior to big data technologies in the navigation of the paradox between openness and secrecy. In this way they offer a greater potential to support the needs of queer library users: lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, or questioning (LGBTQ).
Poetic Seeing/Beyond Telling: The “Call” in Theresa Hak Kyung Cha’s Dictée
Authors: Alvergue José Felipe
Published: April 2016

In its compositional eloquence, Theresa Hak Kyung Cha’s Dictée preserves the representational complexities of “distance” while it discloses an inceptual, structural relationship to the very inescapability of writing as a scene of language enacted between spaces occupied by “liberal” and “liberated” subject categories. Framed thusly, Dictée , attentive to a developing vitality that is situationally oriented to transnationally constituted space, also performs a disavowal of the categorical-universal within secular-liberal knowledges. Between Rey Chow’s aesthetics, Erin Manning’s writing on performance and embodiment, and Adriana Cavarero’s political theory, this essay argues that origin, disentangled from the present via a transnational lens, is in fact always shared and experienced as criollo ; is a situation always revealing a historico-political imbrication of a creative beginning to a new language of forced imposition.
From Human-Spirit Resonance to Correlative Modes: The Shaping of Chinese Correlative Thinking Jinhua Jia
Authors: Jia Jinhua
Published: April 2016

Abstract: From the Shang-Zhou period to the Han dynasty, the ritual of human-spirit resonance, a major exercise of the ancient Chinese wu -shamanistic tradition with a strong emotional component, had evolved into various modes of resonance and correlation. Together these correlative modes explain the social, political, ethical, medical, psychological, aesthetic, and cosmological processes. Classical Chinese thinkers used the term gan 感or resonance to connote the motivating and connecting force for correlation, interaction, and interpenetration in a world of ever-changing relations. This motivating and connecting force is based on human emotional energy and enhanced with the ethical and rational strength of humanity and the functioning power of a correlative, symbiotic, and harmonious cosmos.
Mengzi and Hume on Extending Virtue
Authors: Mower Gordon B.
Published: April 2016

Mengzi and David Hume both suggest that virtue arises from original features of human nature. This article explores how the Humean explanation of the passions along with Hume’s double relation of impressions and ideas can complete the Mengzian account by showing how original “sprouts” can be extended to others as a fully developed virtue.
Public Goods and Public Interests: Scholarly Communication and Government Documents in Research Libraries
Authors: Potvin Sarah , Sare Laura
Published: April 2016

Federal mandates requiring that publicly funded research be made openly accessible recast scholarly information as public information and provide an impetus to join the efforts of scholarly communication and government information programs in United States research libraries. Most major research libraries are long-standing participants in the Federal Library Depository Program and offer scholarly communication services. But there is little acknowledgment in the professional literature of the overlapping goals and complementary histories of government information and scholarly communication efforts. This article explores this gap in the literature, in light of the shared emphasis between scholarly communication and government information on providing access not only to campus users but also to the larger public.
Knowledge-Sharing Intention among Information Professionals in Nigeria: A Statistical Analysis
Authors: Tella Adeyinka
Published: April 2016

In this study, the researcher administered a survey and developed and tested a statistical model to examine the factors that determine the intention of information professionals in Nigeria to share knowledge with their colleagues. The result revealed correlations between the overall score for intending to share knowledge and other knowledge-sharing intention factors. Citizenship behavior had the highest correlation with knowledge-sharing intention, followed by creativity and innovation, then by frequency of interaction.
The Ethics of Teaching
Authors: Cox Richard J.
Published: April 2016

Ask any tenure-stream or tenured faculty member about how well prepared he or she was for entering the academy, and you will get a clear sense of a lack of preparation. One estimate is that only about 50 percent received any training for university teaching. To compound the problem, universities prepare most doctoral students to become researchers. People often take teaching for granted and consider it a task anyone can do. Yet teaching is a complicated, time-consuming responsibility. Fortunately, more studies seek to identify and describe the characteristics of good teaching. We should not see university teaching as a burden or dismiss it too lightly; rather, it lies at the heart of an academic’s work and calling. This essay draws on the author’s personal experience of three decades in the university, arguing that an ethical approach to teaching moves it back to a central position in higher education. An early version of this essay was presented as a lecture at the School of Communication and Information of Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey.
From Priests’ to Actors’ Wardrobe: Controversial, Commercial, and Costumized Vestments
Authors: Hwang Su-kyung
Published: April 2016

This essay examines Catholic vestments on the English stage from the early Reformation through Shakespeare. The changing meaning, status, and usage of Catholic vestments, which crossed the boundary from sacred religious property to secular theatrical costume, enabled the diverse theatrical manipulation of the garments to build on and relieve contemporary social anxiety about Catholicism. This, in turn, demonstrates the self-contradictory attitudes of many early modern English subjects toward Catholicism, theatricality, and sexuality. The discussion begins with the vestiarian controversies caused by the radical Protestants’ stubborn resistance to state control over what to wear in Reformed churches. This controversy can be elucidated by a look at vestment rentals and sales before and after the Reformation. The economic value and cultural history of vestments as well as the related religious polemic played a crucial role in determining where vestments belonged physically and metaphorically. The discussion then focuses on several plays that stage vestments during and after the Reformation and explores what they reflected and represented. From the effort to keep Catholic vestments as the symbol of sacred authority to the strategic movement to reverse their meaning to secularized Catholic hypocrisy, struggles to control the meaning invested in the liturgical Catholic vestments were represented, embodied, and enacted in early modern theater history as well as in the plays staged in the period.
The Politics of Contentment: Passions, Pastoral, and Community in Shakespeare’s As You Like It
Authors: Zajac Paul Joseph
Published: April 2016

This essay excavates early modern concepts of contentment in order to reconsider the political significance of Shakespeare’s As You Like It . Drawing upon the etymological connection between “content” and “contain,” Renaissance writers discussed contentment as a means of fortifying the self: of protecting the subject from the external threats of capricious fortune and the internal divisions caused by the passions. For his part, Shakespeare explores the relationship between individual, interpersonal, and political contentment. In As You Like It , contentment both sustains the individual self and unites the self and other peaceably and profitably. Upon this foundation of shared positive affect, Duke Senior builds an Arden society that opposes the political oppression of the court and promotes political virtues of liberty, counsel, and consent. Shakespeare juxtaposes this representation with the powerful desires of Rosalind and the isolating discontent of Jaques, but he nevertheless maintains the political value of contentedness. Resisting reductive twentieth-century understandings of contentment as resigned, static, and socially conservative, I argue that Shakespeare engages the prominent period discourse on contentment to rethink the prevailing political order.
Shakespeare’s Semiotics and the Problem of Falstaff
Authors: McNabb Cameron Hunt
Published: April 2016

In this article, I contend that the Henry IV plays evoke the plurivocity of language in order to show not only the multiplicity of possible interpretations but more importantly the location of those interpretations within the audience. The plays’ use of allusion and parody necessarily forces the audience into interpretive acts because they both rely on the audience’s prior knowledge and on their ability to make implicit connections between this knowledge and the text being delivered. I focus on two particular uses that demonstrate this interpretive burden well: first through allusions to Falstaff as Sir John Oldcastle and second through Falstaff’s pervasive biblical parody. I then argue that this audience-centered hermeneutic constructed within the texts dramatizes post-Reformation England’s contentious religious and political battle over lay access to the scriptures.
“Which first was mine own king”: Caliban and the Politics of Service and Education in The Tempest
Authors: Lindsay Tom
Published: April 2016

We can only fully understand Shakespeare’s Caliban if we consider his career as a servant and student in Prospero’s “cell.” Critics have long acknowledged that this career is key to Caliban’s character in the play’s current moment, but they typically say little about the mundane ways that service and education were supposed to influence early modern young people. As training-grounds for life, early modern households and schoolrooms were supposed to equip servants and students with a hierarchical world-view and flexible capacities for political action. Caliban speaks and acts like someone who absorbed such training in Prospero’s “cell” and who subsequently became disillusioned by it. Reading Caliban in this way illuminates aspects of his fraught and critically contested history with Prospero and Miranda as well as the play’s relationship with early modern cultures of service and education more generally.
The Sympathy of Suspense: Gaskell and Braddon’s Slow and Fast Sensation Fiction in Family Magazines
Authors: Haugtvedt Erica
Published: April 2016

In this essay, I argue that the cliff-hanger excitement of sensation fiction may be overstated, and thus we should consider other affective ways that installments could draw readers back to the periodical in which they were published. After analyzing the use of suspense at the end of installments in Gaskell’s A Dark Night’s Work (1863) and Braddon’s Eleanor’s Victory (1863), I contend that sympathy constitutes a large part of the affective experience of reading serialized sensation novels, slowing down the pace of what has been thought of as a very fast genre.
Trahison et Littérature dans La Place d'Annie Ernaux
Authors: Roche Christian
Published: April 2016

Dans La Place , Annie Emaux fait le pari de décrire un milieu, celui de sa famille, où la littérature n'avait justement pas sa place. Pour cela elle utilise une narratrice qui exprime sa méfiance et celle de ses parents envers les mots qui trahissent ceux qui ne savent pas les utiliser selon les règles édictées par la classe bourgeoise, c'est à dire les règles littéraires. Annie Ernaux gagne son pari grâce a son "écriture plate" et à une soigneuse mise en scène textuelle.
Génie et parthénogenèse : la représentation de la sorcière comme révolutionnaire chez Jules Michelet
Authors: Khan Salah
Published: April 2016

Dans son étude La Sorcière , Jules Michelet brosse le tableau de la résistance radicale d'une catégorie de femmes au Moyen Age. Si, tout comme la figure du révolutionnaire de 1789, Michelet décrit la sorcière comme l'ennemi du prêtre, « le péril » même du clergé, la caractéristique la plus remarquable de la sorcière tient à son pouvoir de parthénogenèse : « sa sublime puissance de la conception solitaire ». Comme le terme de « parthénogenèse » dérive du grec parthenos (vierge, immaculée), nous comprenons que la sorcière représente une figure de chaos particulièrement dangereuse pour l'Eglise puisqu'elle reprend, autrement, le rôle de la matrice féminine du Christianisme. Dans l'analyse de Michelet, la sorcière remplacera même la figure privilégiée de l'homme-génie du peuple révolutionnaire. Son pouvoir parthénogénétique de création à partir de rien , constitue un modèle puissant pour l'histoire générale de l'émancipation des femmes, notamment en ce que la sorcière agit en rupture radicale d'avec les conditions de son oppression.
L'Ambiguïté du portrait féminin dans le roman camerounais : déesse et sorcière
Authors: Dolisane-Ebossè Cécile
Published: April 2016

Cette étude vise à montrer que le roman camerounais peint la femme de manière parodoxale : tantôt elle est une déesse, tantôt elle est une sorcière. Mais si les écrivains identifient la femme sexuellement libérée à une diablesse, les romancières, quant à elles, tentent de la replonger dans ses racines ancestrales afin qu'émerge, à partir de ce corps jadis prohibé, la puissance irradiante des sorcières d'antan.
Le féminisme de Virginie Despentes a l'étude dans le roman Baise-moi
Authors: Sicard-Cowan Hélène
Published: April 2016

Drawing on the ideas developed by Judith Butler in her book Bodies That Matter , this article interprets Virginie Despentes' first novel Baise-moi as a literary reflection on the violent implications of the constitution and preservation of a coherent female subjectivity. The first part of the article examines the highly complex relationship that develops between Despentes' heroines over the course of the novel, showing that the two female protagonists cannot be reduced to a single subjectivity. Building on this analysis, the second part then highlights two principles of Despentes' feminism: her refusal of analogical thinking and her affirmation of contradictory identities.
Literary Patronage: Collaboration or Rivalry? Women's Prefaces to Women's Texts in the 20 th Century
Authors: English Jeri
Published: April 2016

One of the most renowned instances of prefatory recommendation in the twentieth century is Simone de Beauvoir's preface to La Bâtarde by Violette Leduc. Although Beauvoir's patronage undoubtedly contributed to Leduc's success, the preface is imbued with a palpable sense of rivalry between Beauvoir's authoritative discourse and the text she promotes. It looks to elaborate on Beauvoir's own autobiographical project. Her insistence that one must read Leduc' s narrated life as an existential project reveals her desire to colonize Leduc's life story as an example of her own brand of autobiography. In contrast, Annie Leclerc's allographic afterword to Marie Cardinal's Autrement dit is a non-traditional, dialogical preface that avoids using Leclerc's paratextual authority. Instead, she privileges a feminist ideal of community and collaboration and highlights the text's own fluidity, open-endedness, and dialogism. Leclerc's dialogical afterword acknowledges that her quest for self-knowledge became possible only through her engagement with Marie Cardinal.
Rivals or Friends?: Anne de Bourbon and Anne de Bretagne
Authors: Adams Tracy
Published: April 2016

Brantôme, a renowned biographer and gossip-monger, depicted Anne de Bourbon (1461-1522) and Anne of Brittany (1477-1514) as rivals. This interpretation, advanced seventy-five years after their deaths, has shaped interpretation to this day. I argue that accounts of their interactions must be understood in the context of the extensive networks of family relationships in which they functioned as intermediators. What have been taken as traces of innate personal qualities rendering the Annes incompatible must instead be recognized as traces of carefully enacted strategies of self-presentation aimed at specific political goals. Contemporary accounts, and two recorded interactions between the women, show no evidence of rivalry. Their continued contact, long after Charles VIII's death freed them from any mutual obligation, indicates that their relationship had grown affectionate. They continued to construct and cultivate their friendship in the absence of any political or social necessity.
Mécénat féminin, co-écriture et autorité au seuil de la Renaissance
Authors: Miller Anne-Hélène
Published: April 2016

En nous intéressant à la figure de la mécène femme, non en tant que lectrice, réceptacle de l'œuvre, mais dans l'écriture autour d'images de création féminine, d'engendrement, d'inspiration morale, nous constatons qu'elle remplit une fonction d'auteur, d'autant plus prestigieux en ce qu'elle renvoie à des figures historiques royales : Philippa de Hainaut, chez Jean Froissant ; la reine Isabeau, chez Christine de Pizan ; Marguerite d'Autriche, chez Jean Molinet et Jean Lemaire de Belges. Cette dernière, ainsi que le mécène Anne de France, est une femme de pouvoir, solidaire de son sexe, éducatrice qui, lorsqu'elle autorise l'écriture vernaculaire, apporte une éthique et légitimité en rapport avec la démarche des poètes de son temps. Le mécène devient ainsi une alliée privilégiée des intellectuels à une période où ils recherchent pour eux-mêmes une manière autre que la misogynie et la phallocratie de penser l'autorité, la gloire et l'engagement littéraire.
Poverty as covered in the election bulletins during the 7 June Elections
7 Haziran Seçimleri’nde parti bildirgelerine yansıyan yoksulluk
Authors: Taşbaşı Kaan
Published: April 2016

Media has been the sole instrument of construing, representation and discussion of the economic and political issues. That is why it has a critical role in constituting the social and cultural order. In this context, this study starts from the premise that media has also a role in framing poverty and its social perception. While social problems are framed in the media within the confines of the dominant ideology, handling of the poverty issue cannot be taken out of the portrayal. Poverty finds itself a place in the media mostly through stereotyping, and there exist a view that poverty stems from the poor themselves. Personalizing poverty in the framework of individual stories, makes the whole that the poverty is embedded invisible and eliminates the context.To further investigate this role, firstly, election bulletins prepared by the political parties which participated in the June 2015 elections in Turkey are reviewed in terms of the parties’ policy suggestions to solve the problems of the poor and/or poverty. Then the review is expanded by screening of Hurriyet, Sabah and Cumhuriyet dailies. ÖzetMedya, ekonomik ve siyasal alana verilen anlamların, temsilinin ve tartışılmasının yegâne aracı sıfatını taşımıştır. Bu nedenle de, medyanın toplumsal ve kültürel düzenin oluşumunda da kritik bir rolü olmuştur. Bu bağlamda medyanın yoksulluğun çerçevelenmesi ve toplumsal alımlanmasında da belirleyiciliği vardır. Toplumsal sorunlar, medyada egemen ideolojinin çizdiği sınırlar içinde yer alıp çerçevelenirken, yoksulluğun ele alınışı da bu genel çerçevenin dışına çıkamamaktadır. Yoksulluk medyada stereotipleştirmeler üzerinden karşılık bulmakta, yoksulluğun kaynağının bizatihi yoksulların kendileri olduğu yönünde bir kabul ve bakış bulunmaktadır. Yoksulluğun bireysel öyküler çerçevesinde kişiselleştirilmesi, yoksulluğun boy verdiği geniş zemini görünmez kılmakta ve bağlamını ortadan kaldırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle yoksulluk tanımlamaları ele alınmış ve Türkiye'de yoksulluk meselesi özetlenmiştir. Daha sonra yoksulluk-medya ilişkisi açıklanmış, 7 Haziran Seçimleri'ne katılan ve Meclis'te grubu bulunan partilerin seçim bildirgelerinde yoksulluk meselesinin yer alış biçimi ve seçim bildirgelerinden günlük ulusal gazetelere (Hürriyet, Sabah, Cumhuriyet) yansıyanlar incelenerek, iki veri kümesi arasında bağlantı kurulmaya çalışılmıştır.
The impact of Cultural Intelligence (CQ) on Cross-Cultural Job Satisfaction (CCJS) and International Related Performance (IRP)
Authors: Sozbilir Fikret , Yesil Salih
Published: April 2016

Cultural Intelligence (CQ) referring to the adaptation to cross-cultural situation, interacting and working effectively in cross-cultural situations is the subject of this study. Globalization and international activities of companies have increased the cross-cultural interaction and commercial links, which in turn have resulted in the need for knowledge and competence about different culture. Within these dynamics, the success of the managers who are in charge of international activities depends on their CQ. The studies related to CQ reveal that it helps to cope with multi-cultural situations, to perform in culturally diverse work groups, to manage culture shock and facilitate effective cross-cultural adjustment, decision making and performance. This study particularly investigates the role of CQ on Cross-Cultural Job Satisfaction (CCJS) and International Related Performance (IRP). The study also looks at the link between CCJS and IRP. A research model along with the related hypotheses was developed and tested based on the data collected through survey method from textile companies in Turkey. The results reveal that CQ is positively related to CCJS. The partial support is also obtained from the data regarding the link between CQ and IRP. In addition, the research finds no relationship between CCJS and IRP. The findings are discussed in relation to theory and practice in the conclusion part of the study.
Importance of Riparian Zone: Effects of Resource Availability at Land-water Interface
Authors: Xiang Hongyong , Zhang Yixin , Richardson John. S.
Published: April 2016

Riparian zone provides a variety of resources to organisms, including availability of water and subsidies. Water availability in riparian areas influences species distribution and trophic interaction of terrestrial food webs. Cross-ecosystem subsidies as resource flux of additional energy, nutrients, and materials benefit riparian populations and communities (e.g. plants, spiders, lizards, birds and mammals). However, aquatic ecosystems and riparian zones are prone to anthropogenic disturbances, which change water availability and affect the flux dynamics of cross-system subsidies. Yet, we still lack sufficient empirical studies assessing impacts of disturbances of land use, climate change and invasive species individually and interactively on aquatic and riparian ecosystems through influencing subsidy resource availability. In filling this knowledge gap, we can make more effective efforts to protect and conserve riparian habitats and biodiversity, and maintain riparian ecosystem functioning and services.
On a criterion of D-stability for P-matrices
Authors: Kushel Olga Y.
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we study positive stability and D-stability of P-matrices.We introduce the property of
Dθ-stability, i.e., the stability with respect to a given order θ. For an n × n P-matrix A, we prove a new criterion
of D-stability and Dθ-stability, based on the properties of matrix scalings.
Regularization for high-dimensional
covariance matrix
Authors: Cui Xiangzhao , Li Chun , Zhao Jine , Zeng Li , Zhang Defei , Pan Jianxin
Published: April 2016

In many applications, high-dimensional problem may occur often for various reasons, for example,
when the number of variables under consideration is much bigger than the sample size, i.e., p >> n. For highdimensional
data, the underlying structures of certain covariance matrix estimates are usually blurred due
to substantial random noises, which is an obstacle to draw statistical inferences. In this paper, we propose a
method to identify the underlying covariance structure by regularizing a given/estimated covariance matrix
so that the noises can be filtered. By choosing an optimal structure from a class of candidate structures for the
covariance matrix, the regularization is made in terms of minimizing Frobenius-norm discrepancy. The candidate
class considered here includes the structures of order-1 moving average, compound symmetry, order-1
autoregressive and order-1 autoregressive moving average. Very intensive simulation studies are conducted
to assess the performance of the proposed regularization method for very high-dimensional covariance problem.
The simulation studies also show that the sample covariance matrix, although performs very badly in
covariance estimation for high-dimensional data, can be used to correctly identify the underlying structure
of the covariance matrix. The approach is also applied to real data analysis, which shows that the proposed
regularization method works well in practice.
The Girl You Don't See
Authors: Williams Melanie
Published: April 2016

Drawing on new and established approaches to film costume, this article examines the creative work of the costume designer, contextualizing it as a gendered profession. It takes the career of the British film costume designer Julie Harris as its illustrative case study, tracing her working practice and sense of creative agency through interviews and press coverage as well as the BFI's extensive collection of her annotated costume sketches. Special emphasis is placed on Harris's negotiation of changing modes of postwar British film production, and her management of the professional tensions between costuming in the service of narrative or costuming as spectacle—in Stella Bruzzi's words, the dilemma of whether to look at or through the clothes on-screen. It culminates in a detailed analysis of Harris's Oscar-winning costume work for Darling (1965) and her ambivalence toward the youth-oriented off-the-rack fashions of the 1960s. In conclusion, it emphasizes the significance and complexity of the costume designer's creative labor, and the need for that work to be granted greater visibility.
Significados en torno al concepto de psicología jurídica
Authors: Gutiérrez de Piñeres B. Carolina , Lobo R. Andrea C.
Published: April 2016

El siguiente artículo tuvo como objetivo presentar los significados psicológicos que se construyen en torno a la psicología jurídica, por psicólogos, abogados y estudiantes de psicología. Para la recolección de información se utilizó como técnica las Redes Semánticas Naturales. Se encontró que las palabras asociadas al estímulo Psicología Jurídica, son congruentes con las definiciones que tradicionalmente se brindan en torno a la misma, que no son muy distantes los definidores utilizados por cada grupo, que la organización jerárquica que cada grupo le asigna a los definidores es diferente, y que la predominancia es el de relacionar la psicología jurídica con el ejercicio de la psicología forense.
Análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica sobre Riesgo psicosocial laboral, publicada entre 2000 y 2010
Authors: Pulido Moreno Ninfa , Puentes Suárez Alexandra , Cruz Zaydi Luney , López Diana Rocio , García Rubiano Mónica
Published: April 2016

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la producción científica publicada sobre riesgo psicosocial laboral, en las bases de datos ProQuest y PsycArticles, durante los años 2000 a 2010. Para la recolección de información se elaboró una rejilla con indicadores bibliométricos, clasificados en tres categorías: bibliométricas, metodológicas, y teóricas de los artículos publicados. Se identificaron y analizaron 133 artículos científicos sobre riesgo psicosocial laboral, identificando que el año de mayor producción, fue el 2000 y 2005, con 20 y 19 artículos publicados respectivamente, el 30,8 % de los estudios se realizaron en Estados Unidos, la revista Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, reporta el mayor número de artículos (18 %), el 90,6 % de los autores pertenecen a la categoría de transeúntes, el 91,7 % de los artículos son de carácter empírico, con un diseño transeccional (65,4 %), los cuestionarios son los más utilizados para evaluar el riesgo (52,6 %), y el modelo teórico demanda control, es el más referido en las publicaciones (39,8 %).
Pediatric Exposures to Laundry and Dishwasher Detergents in the United States: 2013–2014
Authors: Davis Mallory G. , Casavant Marcel J. , Spiller Henry A , Chounthirath Thiphalak , Smith Gary A.
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE:

This study analyzes and compares pediatric exposures to packet and nonpacket forms of laundry and dishwasher detergents in the United States.

METHODS:

Data from the National Poison Data System involving exposures to laundry and dishwasher detergents among children younger than 6 years old from 2013 through 2014 were analyzed.

RESULTS:

There were 62 254 children younger than 6 years old exposed to laundry and dishwasher detergents from 2013 to 2014. The number of exposures to detergent increased over the study period, but the increase was greatest for laundry detergent packets (17.0%) and dishwasher detergent packets (14.0%). Eighty-five percent of children were exposed through ingestion. The odds of clinical effects (3.9–8.2), hospitalization (4.8–23.5), intubation (6.9–71.3), and serious medical outcomes (8.4–22.6) were significantly higher for laundry detergent packet exposures than for other types of detergent. There were 117 children who required intubation, and 104 of these were exposed to laundry detergent packets. There were 2 deaths, and both were associated with laundry detergent packets.

CONCLUSIONS:

This national study demonstrates that pediatric laundry detergent packet exposures are more severe than laundry detergent nonpacket and dishwasher detergent (packet and nonpacket) exposures. Pediatric exposures to laundry detergent packets increased by 17% during the study period nationally and should be closely monitored to assess the effectiveness of the newly adopted voluntary safety standard; this standard should be strengthened if the number of exposures does not demonstrate a substantial decrease.
Colonic Expression of Genes Encoding Inflammatory Mediators and Gelatinases During Campylobacter Jejuni Infection of Conventional Infant Mice
Authors: Heimesaat Markus M. , Grundmann Ursula , Alutis Marie E. , Fischer André , Göbel Ulf B. , Bereswill Stefan
Published: April 2016

Within 1 week following peroral Campylobacter jejuni infection, infant mice develop acute enteritis resolving thereafter. We here assessed colonic expression profiles of mediators belonging to the IL-23/IL-22/IL-18 axis and of matrix-degrading gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 at day 6 post C. jejuni strain 81-176 infection. Whereas the pathogen readily colonized the intestines of infant IL-18−/− mice only, colonic mucin-2 mRNA, a pivotal mucus constituent, was downregulated in IL-22−/− mice and accompanied by increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF, IL-17A, and IL-1β. Furthermore, in both naive and infected IL-22−/− mice, colonic expression of IL-23p19 and IL-18 was lower as compared to wildtype mice, whereas, conversely, colonic IL-22 mRNA levels were lower in IL-18−/− and colonic IL-18 expression lower in IL-23p19−/− as compared to wildtype mice. Moreover, colonic expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their endogenous inhibitor TIMP-1 were lower in IL-22−/− as compared to wildtype mice at day 6 postinfection. In conclusion, mediators belonging of the IL-23/IL-22/IL-18 axis as well as the gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 are involved in mediating campylobacteriosis of infant mice in a differentially regulated fashion.
Plans for Integrating Health Care Personnel between the Two Koreas
Authors: Lee Hyekyoung
Published: April 2016

In preparing for the unification of North and South Korea, rather than unilaterally over-writing the Norths human resource training system with the Souths health care human resource development system, it is important to understand the Norths system and its ecology and to achieve a balance by seeking out aspects of each of the systems that could be consolidated with each other. The training period in both the North and Souths health care human resource development systems is specified to be 6 years, but there is no system for internships or residencies in the North. South Korea introduced a 6-year system for pharmacist education in 2009, but North Korea has been using such a system since the 1970s (currently 5.5 years). In North Korea, training of health care personnel is conducted at various levels: at universities, at vocational schools, and at institutes for training health officials. Various types of training (daytime training, online, and ad hoc programs) are carried out. Also of interest is the Norths licensure examination system. Rather than a state examination system as in South Korea, the North favors a graduation exam given by a national graduation examination committee composed of university professors, which awards both graduation certificates and permits, that is, licenses for doctors and pharmacists. In working out a plan for the integration of the two Koreas’ systems based on the study and analysis of the Norths educational and testing system for doctors and pharmacists, this paper does not place exclusive focus on the distinctions between the systems or cling to negative views. Rather than claim that unification/integration is a practical impossibility, the paper focuses on the similarities between the two systems and maximizes them to uncover an approach for arriving at solutions. It is hoped that the practical data offered in this paper can contribute to the design of a forward-minded unification/integration model.
Detection of malignant neoplasms procoagulant activity
Authors: Kamalov I A , Kurtasanov R S
Published: April 2016

Aim. To determine possibilities of malignant neoplasms procoagulant activity detection by idiopathic thrombosis ultrasound imaging.Methods. 587 patients were examined. 347 patients with malignant neoplasms diagnosed in the outpatient clinic settings of the Tatarstan Regional Clinical Cancer Center (Kazan), were included in the main group. 240 patients, in which cancer pathology was excluded, were included in the control group. The groups were matched on age, sex and frequency of venous thromboembolic complications development risk factors not caused by malignant neoplasms. Both groups underwent clinical examination and ultrasound examination of the inferior vena cava, distal abdominal aorta, iliac arteries and veins, lower extremities arteries and veins.Results. Thrombosis clinical manifestations were detected in 12 patients, including 9 patients of the main group and 3 patients of the control group. In most cases of venous thrombosis in the main group (34 people, 79%) there were no clinical signs of thrombosis and it was detected only by ultrasound examination, which allowed to detect venous thrombus in 43 patients of the main group (12.4%) and in 5 patients of the control group (2.1%; t=3.2, p <0.05).Conclusion. The inferior vena cava system venous thrombosis frequency in patients with malignant neoplasms was significantly higher than that in patients without cancer, which indicates malignant neoplasms high procoagulant activity; ultrasonography has high sensitivity in the idiopathic thrombosis detection in cancer patients, and it should be performed regardless of the presence or absence of venous thromboembolic complications clinical manifestations.
Effect of L-arginine and L-name on lysosomal cysteine proteases activity and lysosomal membranes permeability in rat aorta
Authors: Arapova A I , Fomina M A
Published: April 2016

Aim. To study the effect of L-arginine and its analogue N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) alone and in combination on lysosomal cysteine proteolysis and lysosomal membranes state in rat aorta.Methods. The study was performed on male Wistar rats kept under standard vivarium conditions and divided into three control and three experimental groups of 8 animals each. The experimental samples included groups with L-arginine and/or L-NAME administration. The indicators were studied in the rat aorta homogenate precipitating and non precipitating fractions. Acid phosphatase activity was determined by a standardized method of «end point», the cathepsins B, L and H activity was studied by spectrofluorimetric method.Results. When simulating the changes of nitric oxide synthesis level using L-arginine, the increase of the total cathepsins activity was detected, acid phosphatase lability coefficient was reduced, what is characterized by general lysosomal membranes stabilization. L-NAME group, in contrast, is characterized by a decrease in the cathepsin B and H activity indicators, differences from arginine group were observed in the cathepsin H in lysosomal and general fractions, lysosomal membrane is labile. Combined drugs administration reduces the total cathepsins activity, while there is an increase of the acid phosphatase total activity, all indicators suggest lysosomal membranes labilization.Conclusion. L-arginine at a dose of 500 mg/kg causes increase in the total cathepsins B, L and H activity in rat aorta due to lysosomal fraction; L-arginine action leads to lysosomal membranes stabilization; L-NAME group in cathepsin H shows a decrease in the cathepsins secretion level with decreased total activity due to both factions; combined administration of arginine + L-NAME group in cathepsin B is characterized by an increase in secretion due to lysosomes membrane labilization.
Fournier’s gangrene
Authors: Prokhorov A V
Published: April 2016

The review highlights the issues of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory picture, radiodiagnosis, treatment and prognosis of fulminant perineum gangrene, or Fournier’s gangrene. According to modern concepts, Fournier’s gangrene is one of the rare forms of necrotizing fasciitis of polymicrobial etiology with a primary lesion of the skin, subcutaneous tissue and superficial fascia of the scrotum, penis, and perineum. Fournier’s gangrene refers to acute surgical diseases of pyonecrotic nature and is characterized by rapid septic course, high mortality, reaching 80%, in spite of the modern antibiotic therapy advances. Over the last decade the Fournier’s gangrene incidence increased in 2.2-6.4 times, due to the increasing number of immunocompromised patients in the population. The disease most often occurs in older men with diabetes, alcoholism and obesity. The Fournier’s gangrene occurrence is preceded by different inflammatory diseases of the colon, urinary organs, scrotum and perineum skin. The disease diagnosis in full-scale stage usually is not difficult. In rare cases, namely in the disease early stages, various radiological methods of investigation, laboratory tests and exploratory surgery with affected soft tissues express biopsy are used with differential diagnosis purposes. The cornerstone in the Fournier’s gangrene treatment is an emergency surgical intervention in combination with a powerful anti-bacterial and anti-shock therapy. To improve the wound healing course and reduce the septic complications risk, new methods of adjuvant treatments such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy and vacuum therapy are used. Hospitalization duration in Fournier’s gangrene is usually lengthy, due to the need to use repeated sanitation necrectomy and reconstructive plastic surgery and are associated with considerable economic costs for treatment. The Fournier’s gangrene prognosis depends on the timing of specialized medical care provision and, above all, on the time interval between the disease onset and surgery performing.
Possibilities of laparoscopic technologies in diagnostics and treatment of patients with generalized peritonitis
Authors: Salakhov E K , Salakhov K K
Published: April 2016

The review presents the opportunities and experience of using laparoscopic techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with generalized peritonitis. Primarily, laparoscopy was used only as a diagnostic method to visually assess the abdominal cavity state with minimum damage to tissues. The laparoscopy rapid development is associated with new videoendoscopy equipment emergence. Laparoscopy in abdominal cavity acute surgical diseases can reduce the unnecessary laparotomy number, which is very important for senile and elderly patients with severe comorbidities. Currently, many authors consider laparoscopic sanitation as an alternative method to abdominal cavity programmed revisions and sanitations. Gathered to date experience demonstrated a fairly broad possibilities of laparoscopy in the peritonitis treatment. Abdominal cavity videoendoscopy sanitation techniques development, combined with endoscopic elimination of the peritonitis causes and, thus, the ability to refuse the laparotomy, are relevant. The result of the operative laparoscopy use has been a significant reduction in the duration of patients stay in hospital. Different authors note wound complications reduction, patients’ rehabilitation period reduction, rapid pain relief and a good cosmetic effect, associating it with the minimally invasive nature of the surgery. It should be clearly understand that endovideosurgery possibilities are limited by several factors, which are difficult to predict in advance. In this regard, the most important issue is to determine a clear range of indications and contraindications for the method use in this complex area of surgery, as well as methodology improvement.
Modern methods of allergen-specific immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis treatment
Authors: Rakhmatullina N M , Pastushenko Yu V , Trofimova O R , Sibgatullina N A , Akhmedzyanova D G , Zakirov G N
Published: April 2016

The article presents the modern methods of allergen-specific immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinitis. Allergen-specific immunotherapy - a method of treating allergic diseases, involves reducing the organism’s sensitivity to the allergen effects by repeated administration of allergen extract, starting with the minimum dose. Given the allergic rhinitis high prevalence, as well as its tendency to increase, strong interest in effective methods of its treatment is fully justified. Over the last 20 years, it has become clear that asthma and rhinitis are two types of manifestations of a single pathological process in the airways. It has been proven that allergic disease clinical features may change over time. In addition, patients with allergy are prone to multivalent sensitization. Currently none of the drugs used to relieve allergic rhinitis symptoms can not change the organism’s response to an allergen. Allergen-specific immunotherapy can reduce allergic disease symptoms severity, reduces the need in drugs use, decreases the chance of additional sensitization to other allergens, prevents the asthma development. This therapy has become one of the most widely used effective methods of atopic diseases treatment: seasonal and perennial rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic asthma. Allergen-specific immunotherapy can lead to a change in the immunological response to the relevant allergens in early stages, acting through regulatory cells. Current studies are aimed, on the one hand, at reducing the therapeutic allergovaccines ability to cause allergic reactions, on the other - to maintain or enhance their immunogenic properties. Achieving this goal is possible by changing the route of administration and delivery of therapeutic allergens (non-injection methods of allergen-specific immunotherapy), and using a variety of allergens modification techniques.