bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Need for Using Digital Repositories to Enhance Teaching and Learning in Omani Schools: Teachers’ Perceptions
Authors: Aboraya Walid
Published: June 2022

The current study aims to investigate teachers’ perceptions regarding the need to employ digital repositories (DRs) in Omani schools to enhance teaching and learning using interactive e-learning content. The study employed a mixed method approach and was carried out in two phases. Firstly, a survey was adopted to 120 teachers from 15 different schools in Muscat to explore the extent of the need for DRs. Secondly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 teachers to validate the results and develop a deeper understanding. The research methods addressed three aspects: (1) the need for using DRs to support teachers, (2) to support students’ learning, and (3) to enhance curriculum. The results of both methods were consistent and revealed that most teachers expressed the need for employing DRs in the educational process. Teachers believe that DRs are needed to support themselves and students’ learning and to enhance the curriculum. Moreover, the interview analysis yielded an emergent theme related to some conditions raised by teachers to effectively use digital repositories. These conditions include (1) training, (2) educational content, (3) ease of use, (4) and developing a community for teachers and students. Based on the findings, the study introduced a framework for a dynamic DR to be used in Omani schools then proposed a plan to ensure the quality, effectiveness of usability, sustainability, and systematic implementation of DRs in Omani schools. Future studies are recommended to evaluate the use of systematically implemented DRs from the perspectives of all stakeholders, including students.
The New Storstrøm Bridge - Pylon and Stay Cable Design
Authors: Wharton James , Pedersen Nikolaj Rask , Bandeira Felipe , Dimchev Jovche , Särkkä Eero , Soppela Sami
Published: June 2022

The New Storstrøm Bridge in Denmark includes a signature main bridge located centrally at the bridge crossing, spanning over two ship navigation channels as a cable-stayed bridge. It spans over 2 x 160 m with a single, architecturally shaped pylon with an integral, monolithic connection centrally between the deck and the pylon. The central pylon provides vertical support to the deck through the stay cables and lower pylon, but also acts structurally as the point of longitudinal fixity for one of the three frames of the bridge. The paper will describe the key design challenges for the structural design of the cable-stayed bridge of the New Storstrøm Bridge, including a discussion on the pylon design, stay cables, stay anchorage concepts and the bridge structural system.
Beam-column behaviour of stainless steel I-section members
Authors: Feber Nina , Jandera Michal , Rossi Barbara
Published: June 2022

Stainless steel beam-columns were experimentally and numerically investigated in this study. All members were subjected to compression and major axis bending induced by an eccentricity of the compressive load. The loading eccentricities for the tests varied to provide a wide range of bending moment-to-axial load ratios. The experimental program covers ordinary-welded and laser-welded I-section specimens made of stainless steel. Material tensile coupon tests and initial geometric imperfection measurements are also described in detail. Measurements of initial imperfections were performed using two different methods, using a mechanical dial and laser scanning. The test results were subsequently used for a validation of a finite element (FE) model, developed in ABAQUS software to replicate the beam-column behaviour. The accuracy of the models with the two combinations of local and global imperfections were evaluated by comparison with the test results.
The design of the anchoring of the steel double track railway integral bridge in Mechelen contrasting the historical Vierendeel bridges
Authors: De Pauw Bart
Published: June 2022

In extending the existing railway infrastructure from Brussels to Antwerp, a new double track railway infrastructure has been built as a by-pass along the station in the city of Mechelen. In combination with these works, also a road infrastructure, further called the tangent road, was also constructed in which both infrastructures were bundled to the maximum. In crossing a local canal a new railway bridge is designed parallel to historical steel Vierendeel bridges and on top of the new tangent road tunnel going underneath the canal. The paper describes the final design and realization of the new railway bridge contrasting in all its aspects to the Vierendeel bridges with riveted bolt connections. The bridge consists of two lateral main girders having variable rectangular sections and is designed as an integral clamped structure without any bearings. The superstructure is fully welded and the main box girders have a maximum height of 3.65 m near the abutments. The lower flange remains almost horizontal and is slightly twisted about a horizontal axis thus becoming wider near the centre. The upper flange decreases significantly and becomes smaller near mid span where the box girder has a height of 1.65 m. This creates a waving pattern of the structure both in a horizontal plane as in the front view showing an inversed curvature near to the arch springs of the Vierendeel bridges. The concept differs from a more classical integral bridge by the extreme large stiffness of the abutments on top of the tunnel consisting of diaphragm walls. The steel structure is hereby almost perfectly clamped by post tensioning anchors.
Fatigue behaviour of tubular bracings in steel and composite bridges
Authors: Gölz Lisa-Marie , Kuhlmann Ulrike
Published: June 2022

In steel and composite bridges, a practice-oriented and fatigue-suitable design is crucial for sustainable and economical infrastructures. The welded joints of slitted tubular elements, especially of circular hollow sections with gusset plates for cross girder bracings or box girder diaphragms, are critically assessed in view of their fatigue behaviour. The gusset plate welding at the end of the slit is the critical fatigue spot. For the currently various design variants used in bridge construction with basically different notches, there is no clear rule given regarding the detail category by the standards EN 1993-2 or EN 1993-1-9. This paper summarises the experimental und numerical results of a research project on three different fatigue design solutions for tubular bracings in steel and composite bridges. An overview of the practice-oriented design, the benefits for the execution and manufacturing as well as the proposals for prEN 1993-1-9 and design recommendations are given.
Dynamic responses and failure pattern of suspended cable tray system through shaking table test
Authors: Wu Chen , Matsuda Kazuhiro , Jiang Huanjun , Wu Siyuan , Mizutani Kunio , Kasai Kazuhiko
Published: June 2022

The cable tray system is a kind of non-structural components used in civil and industrial buildings for the distribution of electric cables. A full-scale shaking table test on the suspended cable tray system was conducted in order to study its seismic performance. The floor response extracted by the numerical simulation and the artificially generated sweep wave were input to the specimens with three types of seismic support installed on the steel platform. The dynamic responses of the cable tray system including the displacement and acceleration, and dynamic properties including the fundamental frequency, damping and resonance frequency, are analysed. From the test results it is found that the seismic support can effectively reduce the displacement and acceleration responses. The damage was mainly distributed around the seismic supports. The cracks in the joints between the main- and sub-beam were observed in the experiment, which is the main failure pattern of the cable tray system. Finally, the relationship between the damage state and the relative displacement of the tray component is analysed.
Process for verification of performance requirements for transport infrastructure
Authors: Rempling Rasmus , Gil Berrocal Carlos , Fernandez Ignasi , Karlsson Mats
Published: June 2022

In recent years, significant worldwide research has been conducted regarding the performance assessment of bridges and the concept of performance indicator has been introduced However, there are still significant discrepancies in how these indicators are obtained and used.

Simultaneously, it is desirable to achieve processes and methods that are direct, i.e. that measured values are directly compared with projected values over time.

This project concerns methods for verification of technical performance requirements.

The feasibility study brought together interdisciplinary researchers, consultants, and entrepreneurs to gather knowledge, anchor the research agenda, and implement performance requirements.

The project concludes that there is a need for a “Holistic multi-parameter verification/validation system” that relies on the knowledge gained in structural health monitoring research.
Enhancement in Indian Bridge Management System using analytics within BIM data model
Authors: Joshi Sachidanand , Sagi Sitarama Raju
Published: June 2022

Indian Bridge Management System and its enhanced version Unified Bridge Management System (UBMS) like all BMS rely on successive visual observations to define status ratings of bridge components which are used for remedial interventions and critical management decisions. These systems are devoid of location details of distress and are reactive in regard to deterioration and risk models as they rely on such changes in ratings for interventions. Incorporating photogrammetric geospatial 3D drawing/model will bring critical hereto missing data to enhance effectiveness and efficiency of IBMS/UBMS. This paper is aimed to present a concept for adding geospatial details to IBMS/UBMS. This incorporation enables the usage of AI and machine learning for improved decision making and reporting. Analysis provides a predictive tool to estimate future distress and the progression of deterioration process and the impact it can have on the future performance. Inclusion of SHM data will also be possible.
ViA15 (A12/A15 | Arnhem | Netherlands): Design and structural behaviour analysis of a balanced cantilever bridge with a below suspended bicycle and pedestrian bridge
Authors: Schweer Niklas , Borgqvist Eric , Bolhuis Johan
Published: June 2022

In order to complete the connection between the A15 and A12 highways in the Dutch region Gelderland, a bridge over the river ‘Pannerdensch Kanaal’ will be constructed. The main bridge is erected using the balanced cantilever construction method and designed as a continuous three- span box girder with varying height at a total length of 340 m. The superstructure consists of a longitudinally and transversally post-tensioned concrete deck with a maximum span length of 170 m and an approximate width of 28 m. Furthermore, the structure contains a bicycle and a pedestrian steel bridge, which are suspended below/beside the deck, allowing cyclists and pedestrians to cross the river and the Natura 2000 protected area. Additionally the bridge complex integrates ecological demands, such as swallow nests and bat roosts.
Building bridges from thin-walled precast elements
Authors: Kollegger Johann , Untermarzoner Franz , Rath Michael , Fasching Stephan , Huber Tobias
Published: June 2022

In the construction of Lafnitz Bridge and Lahnbach Bridge thin-walled precast concrete girders with an U-shaped cross-section were used in order to reduce the weight during the construction process. The usage of light-weight girders was advantageous because the girders were erected in the vertical position and rotated into the final horizontal position during the first application of the balanced lowering method. After filling of the girders with in-situ concrete the webs of the bridges were com- pleted. On top of the webs a deck slab was cast using a formwork carriage. While the application of the balanced lowering method permitted a fast construction of the webs, the production of the deck slab with a formwork carriage was a slow process. Therefore a method for the fast production of the deck slab was developed. In this new method precast slab elements, which are stiffened by cross-beams, are placed on top of the webs. This enables a fast construction of post-tensioned con- crete bridges with a plate girder cross-section.
Neby bru: one footway, three ways of sustainability
Authors: Tarín Pablo , Mo Gaute
Published: June 2022

Degree of Freedom, in collaboration with the municipality of Tynset, has developed the detail design of a pedestrian bridge that will join the neighbourhood of Neby with the rest of the city, crossing the river Glåma. This project had a limited budged, so the design stage has been influenced by the materials optimization, the use of local resources and suppliers and the consideration of conventional constructive methodologies. The footbridge was built during 2019 and opened to traffic in May 2020. This text describes the main characteristics of the structure and the methodology considered in the design.
Analysis of the Florida International University Pedestrian Bridge Collapse
Authors: Kolínský Vojtěch , Žitný Jan
Published: June 2022

The paper describes the investigation process of the collapse of the pedestrian bridge in Miami, Florida (USA). The main span concrete truss structure with a length of 174-foot (53 m) collapsed during construction onto the active highway beneath which had fatal consequences. FINLEY was approached to conduct an independent analysis of the bridge structure for one of the subcontractors involved with the project. As part of an analysis of the bridge behavior, detailed calculation models were developed, and advanced method of structural analysis were used. Finite element method (FEM) brick model of the entire span was created and the stresses at the failure area were investigated in detail. Computation FEM models were supplemented and verified by the strut and tie modelling (STM). The construction process and transport of the bridge span was also simulated. The analysis shows the issues and risks associated with the design of structures with a non-transparent flow of internal forces and demonstrates the need for a detailed assessment of joints and critical areas during all phases of the construction process. The results of the analysis were subsequently confirmed by later published investigation report of the US National Transportation Safety Board.
Advancement of Eddy Current Based Evaluation of Axial Force of High-Strength Bolts
Authors: Akutsu Ayako , Sasaki Eiichi , Tai Masayuki , Shimozato Tetsuhiro
Published: June 2022

High-strength bolted joints are widely used in steel bridges. However, bolt axial force may decrease during the service life of a bridge for many reasons including relaxation, traffic load, and earthquake. Consequently, the remaining bolt axial force is considered a factor with uncertainty that is important to evaluate. In a previous study, the authors proposed an axial force evaluation method using eddy current. In this study, to apply the proposed axial force evaluation method to the actual measurements, new evaluation indices with the possibility of reducing measurement errors and simplifying measurement have been considered. The applicability of the improved method for high- strength bolts using weathering steel has also been examined. An experiment using both high- strength bolts and weathering steel high-strength bolts was conducted to investigate the possibility of evaluating the stress change due to the axial force with the new indices.
Durability Of Rock And Soil Anchor Kits Using Prestressing Steel Strands
Authors: Wang Xiaomeng , Manshadi Behzad
Published: June 2022

Prestressing strand ground anchors used in bridge foundations are in contact directly with the aggressive environment. The anchorage components are exposed to climate and the tenon are surrounded by soil or rock which is highly humid or immersed in underground water containing chemical agents. This working condition can lead to severe corrosion of prestressing steel, therefore risking the durability and safety of the structure. In this paper, various origins of corrosion of strand anchors during installation and service life were thoroughly analysed. Anchor components which are critical in terms of corrosion protection were identified, and their durability performances were defined according to the requirements from the newly published European Assessment Document (EAD) 160071-00-0102[1] for strand ground anchors. A group of tests was carried out on a commercialized strand anchor system to verify its durability performance, including sealing capacity of key protection components under various conditions and inner cement grout crack width assessment etc.. Testing results proved that the tested strand anchor system is fulfilling all the requirements from the EAD and fits for applications with long-term utilization.
Future perspectives of standardisation for a safe European transport infrastructure
Authors: Allaix Diego Lorenzo , Bigaj-van Vliet Agnieszka
Published: June 2022

Aiming to ensure the safety of the transport infrastructure during operation through the improvement of maintenance policies across Europe, the European Commission opened in 2019 the call for the Coordination and Support Action (CSA) “Monitoring and safety of transport infrastructure”. The main goal of this CSA is to support the preparation of a mandate for a CEN standard for the maintenance and control of the European transport infrastructure. In 2020, the CSA was granted to the IM-SAFE project consortium. Based on the analysis of standardisation needs, good practice and available knowledge and technology, the future perspectives of standardisation for the use of monitoring, inspection and testing in managing the safety risks to transport infrastructure has been studied.

This contribution presents the scope proposed by the IM-SAFE project for future harmonised European standards in the domain of monitoring, data-informed safety assessment and condition- based and risk-based predictive maintenance policies for bridges and tunnels, considering the integration of digital innovations as enabling technology.
Numerical Investigation of Slab-Column Connections with Various Reinforcement Ratios
Authors: Waghmare Ambadas , Ramaswamy Ananth
Published: June 2022

This work considers three-dimensional non-linear finite element models (FEMs) to obtain insight into the contribution of flexural reinforcement ratio to the failure mode of slab-column connections. The correlation between punching and flexural-punching failure modes is examined. The models are calibrated to simulate the punching shear failure of reinforced concrete flat slabs under vertical monotonic loading and a constant gravity load in combination with monotonic unbalanced moment using a smeared concrete model, denoted as Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP). In this regard, previously tested slab-column connections with various reinforcement ratios are selected from literature. The numerical outcomes are validated in terms of load-deflection (or moment-deflection) curves. The comparison between test and numerical results shows that the numerical analyses using the CDP model can accurately predict the rotation and punching capacity along with the failure mode of the slabs. As a parametric investigation, the FEM is utilised to characterise further the failure process of slabs with reinforcing ratios varied from 0.2% to 2%. The numerical results are compared with predictions from the design code ACI 318-19 and the Critical Shear Crack Theory.
The New Storstrøm Bridge - Nonlinear Dynamic Ship Impacts
Authors: Svendsen Martin N. , Bertolini Paola , Vind Frederik
Published: June 2022

The New Storstrøm Bridge in Denmark is a 3800m long concrete girder bridge with 44 standard spans of mostly 80m and two navigational spans of 160m which are stay cable supported. The foundations are constructed as direct pad foundations, i.e. with the ability of the caissons to slide and rotate on gravel beds. The bridge supports two high-speed railway tracks and two lanes of road traffic. The waters of Storstrømmen are prone to high naval activity and this, in combination with relatively flexible foundations and high dynamic sensitivity of the girder due to train runability requirements, implies that ship impact scenarios are a critical design parameter. In the present paper, nonlinear dynamic ship impacts performed for the detail design are presented. The simulations include nonlinear representation of soil stiffnesses as well as ship indentation properties. Also, nonlinear geometric effects and strongly nonlinear bearing uplift effects are considered. Detailed descriptions of the complex structural response mechanisms occurring during critical ship impacts are provided and the influence of girder/pier tie-down cables on uplift magnitudes are presented.
Kagraner Steg – New GFRP Pedestrian Bridge in Vienna
Authors: Ivanov Stoyan , Rajasingam Julian , Mack Thomas , Weber Mario , Hejda Nikolaus
Published: June 2022

The paper describes the new superstructure for Kagraner Steg pedestrian bridge in Vienna, Austria. The original one, made of timber in 1991, must be replaced due to exploitational problems and frequent traffic disturbances during repair measures. The existing foundations must be used for the new superstructure. Different material options were compared in the concept design phase. Finally, glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) was chosen due to its low weight, high strength, and minimal maintenance cost. To justify its initial higher costs, a life-cycle costs analysis has been performed. The results of the analysis compared with conventional carbon steel alternative solution, are presented. In addition, the article reviews the challenges met during the design of the new GFRP superstructure of Kagraner Steg.
Vibration Response due to Group Movements on a Footbridge
Authors: Setareh Mehdi
Published: June 2022

Footbridges can be susceptible to large vibrations when a group of people move across them. To evaluate the vibrations of a footbridge, the structural engineer usually computes the response of the structure due to one person crossing at the footbridge resonance frequency or its subharmonics. The response due to a group of pedestrians can then be found by magnifying the computed response using a so-called “enhancement factor”. Unfortunately, not much research has been conducted to define this factor. This study is an attempt to define the enhancement factor using an existing footbridge. It details the footbridge response when various groups of people marched in unison or walk randomly over it. Enhancement factors were computed for various group sizes and a closed form equation is proposed to compute enhancement factors for design purposes.
Loss of cable – design criteria for cable stayed bridges
Authors: Mikkonen Atte , Lilja Heikki
Published: June 2022

In Cable stayed Bridge design a loss of a cable is an accidental /extreme event, that may govern the design of the superstructure, pylon, or the cables. The common design method is to use linearization of the event by applying a dynamic amplification factor for the force effect. Another option is to perform dynamic analysis; however, the method is not standardized, widely used, nor is instructed in the standards.

Figure 1. New Kirjalansalmi Bridge, illustration.

Kirjalansami bridge in Parainen, Finland, is an old suspension bridge at the end of its service life. The bridge will be replaced by a new medium size of cable stayed bridge. In the preparation of the design basis, the phenomena of cable loss were studied by different methods. The aim of the study was to find reasonable requirements for the detailed design, so that the design will be reliable whilst not leading to too conservative design nor unnecessary cost increase. In this paper, the results of this study are presented.
New developments in the design of Z-shaped steel sheet pile walls
Authors: Enders Alexander , Kuhlmann Ulrike
Published: June 2022

Harbour constructions like quay walls or excavation supports in civil engineering are often built up with steel sheet pile walls. Aside of U-steel sheet piles also Z-shaped piles with interlocks are widely used in such constructions. The pressure on costs and efficiency and the competition in this field leads to the necessity of increased efficiency in the design of steel sheet pile. To benefit from the potentials in the bending moment capacity of semi-compact Z-shaped steel sheet piles, the University of Stuttgart carried out four-point bending tests. A FE-model was developed and validated by back calculating the experiments. Investigations on the bending moment capacity were executed with the validated model followed by an extensive parametric study. Among different Z-piles, the actual geometries and the steel grades were varied leading to a different compression flange slenderness. In addition, different lock states were taken into account to investigate the impact on the bending moment capacity. In the end, three resistance models were evaluated for further development of Eurocode 3 Part 5.
Chandigarh-Kharar Elevated Road – A Case Study
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Rautela Suniti
Published: June 2022

This paper highlights the concept adopted in planning, design and construction engineering of 3200m long elevated viaduct, which is a part of Chandigarh Kharar Highway project. The deck width for elevated viaduct is 25.6m, which is supported over single pier of 3.5m width. This system was planned so that both level (surface level and elevated level) of road can be utilized for traffic movement. The highway passes through a congested area with 24x7 moving traffic. In the absence of any alternate route, it was required to allow safe and smooth movement of traffic on existing road during the construction period. In order to work efficiently in restricted area, it was proposed to have maximum offsite activities and minimum on-site activities. This was achieved by proposing maximum bridge components as pre-cast elements. The structural system proposed a good example, where pre-cast technology is used massively for construction of bridge. Integral connection between substructure and superstructure not only makes the construction safe and sustainable, but also makes it aesthetically pleasing.
Combined LOD-Definition for Bridge Maintenance and 3D City Maps
Authors: El-Mahrouk Omar , Baumgartner Sebastian , Pfleger Marc-Patrick , Vill Markus
Published: June 2022

By applying BIM in the field of bridge maintenance and inspection, the research project “Public Administration 4.0”, founded by the city council of Vienna, has shown that the required Bridge-BIM- models for bridge inspection can also be used in other areas of public administration, such as 3D City Maps. To make this possible, the intersection of the requirements for geometric and semantic information must be defined from both fields. The research has shown that a LOD300 (Level of Detail) can be applied for bridge inspection whereas for 3D City Maps a LOD2 could be defined according to the Citygml 2.0 Standard. The combined LOD could then be defined with LOD300 & LOD3, therefore the bridge models for 3D City Maps in Vienna have to be modelled more detailed in order to fulfill the requirements for bridge inspection. Since there is no semantic information in the LOD-Definition of the Citygml Standard for 3D City Maps, this needs to be elaborated to complete the LOD interface.
Seismic Detailing of Single Span Bridges to AASHTO Standards for the State of Nevada, USA.
Authors: Gopalakrishnan S. , Wagle Pradeep , Wagle Gajanan
Published: June 2022

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of seismic detailing to the Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) Structures Manual and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Standards for single span bridges located in the state of Nevada, US, with reference to Project Neon and the I15-CC215 Interchange Project. In general, detailed seismic analysis is not required for single-span bridges regardless of the seismic zone. However, the connections between the bridge superstructure and the substructure shall be designed for the minimum force requirements as recommended by AASHTO. Also, the minimum support length requirements in accordance with AASHTO shall be satisfied at each substructure. Concrete shear keys or cheek walls are, therefore, provided on the abutments to resist the lateral seismic forces, whereas dowel bars are provided to resist longitudinal seismic forces at pinned abutments. The substructure elements are detailed with transverse confinement reinforcement at plastic hinge locations as recommended by NDOT and AASHTO.
Development Animated Dubbing Video as Learning Media in English Speaking at Senior High School
Authors: Santuri Boy , Widiarini  , Istina Atul Makrifah  , Saifudin Ahmad
Published: June 2022

This research was motivated by the results of the needs analysis at MAN 1 Blitar. Researcher found several problems faced by students in the process of learning English. This study aims to determine the opinion of the validators, the response of teacher and students to the learning media that has been developed in the form of Video Dubbing Animation. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model by Dick and Carry. The media that has been developed consists of two videos, one video to explain the material and one dubbing video as a student assignment. The material presented in this product is a narrative text focused on speaking skills. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews and surveys. The instruments used are interview guidelines and questionnaires using a Likert scale. Based on the results of validation carried out by material experts and media expert, then the results of teacher and student responses, the percentage of results obtained were 80%, 94%, 86% and 66.7% with a total score of 81.7% where the score reached the criteria of "Very Good or Very Valid or Very Usable”. So, it can be concluded that the animation video dubbing learning media is very well used in the English learning process.
Classification of Guarantee Types Using Leaf Feature Extraction with Minutiae and GLCM Using K-NN Method
Authors: Zuhri Muhammad Haris , Thoriq Adhe Irham , Syukur Abdul , Affandy Affandy , Muslih Muslih , Soeleman Moch Arief
Published: June 2022

Indonesia is a fertile area that has a sub-tropical climate that makes plants grow well in various parts of Indonesia. There are various variants of guava in Indonesia. Of the several types have differences including the structure of the fruit, tree and leaves. The focus of this research is to classify guava species based on leaf bone image using GLCM feature extraction, minutiae and shape extraction using the K-NN method. In this study using a dataset of 4 types of guava as many as 300 images, where each type of as many as 75 images. In the extraction process to get the leaf bone image in this study, there are several processes, namely preprocessing, grayscale image, binary image and morphology then only get the leaf bone image. After getting the extracted value, then the data is processed using the K-NN method. The highest accuracy in the K-NN method is at k1 = 92.42% with a standard deviation of 6.05% (micro average: 92.45%). Thus GLCM feature extraction, minutiae and shape extraction can potentially increase the level of accuracy in guava classification based on leaf bone images.
Classification of Toxic Plants on Leaf Patterns Using Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) with Neural Network Method
Authors: Zuhri Mohammad Faishol , Maharani S. Kholidah Rahayu , Affandy Affandy , Nurhindarto Aris , Syukur Abdul , Soeleman Moch Arief
Published: June 2022

Poisonous plants are plants that must be avoided and not consumed by humans, because the presence of poisonous plants is also often found in the surrounding environment without realizing it. Because of the lack of knowledge to classify poisonous plant species, it will be more difficult to find out. With the help of a computer system, it will be easier to identify the types of poisonous plants. There are 3 types of poisonous plants that will be used in this study, namely cassava, jatropha, and amethyst. There are also 3 types of non-toxic plants with almost the same morphology as a comparison, namely cassava, figs, and eggplant. In this study, researchers tried to classify poisonous plant species using leaf pattern features that would be extracted using shape features and Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). The value taken from the shape feature is the values ​​of area, width, diameter, perimeter, slender, and round. While the value of contrast, entropy, correlation, energy, and homogeneity for Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) attributes. To classify data using Neural Network with RapidMiner application. From this study, it is known that from 300 total datasets used, the highest accuracy is 96.13% using the Neural Network method. With an AUC value of 0.986 and is included in the very good category.
Laboratory Study on the Mobility of Heavy Metals in Residual Compacted Soil
Authors: Nascentes Rejane , Azevedo Izabel C.D. , Matos Antonio T. , Fontes Maurício P.F. , Azevedo Roberto F. , Guimarães Lucas M.
Published: June 2022

Studies on heavy metal behavior in soil have received considerable attention and have helped to increase the understanding of their mobility and retention in the environment. Given the scarcity of information available in the literature on heavy metal transport parameters in Brazilian tropical soils, the main contribution of this paper is improving the knowledge about the mobility of some of these elements in compacted residual gneissic soil. Laboratory soil column tests together with chemical, physical and micromorphological analyses were performed on soil samples. The artificial contaminant solution used in the tests was prepared by addition of nitrate salts of Mn2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cr3+. The main conclusions were as follows. Initial percolation of distilled water to saturate the soil without counter pressure influenced the column test results since the soil structure was altered, especially when a large pore volume was percolated. Hydraulic conductivity values decreased significantly in all soil columns with contaminant solution percolation. The metals Cu, Pb and Cr remained totally retained in the soil. Comparison of Mn transport parameters determined in the present study with those obtained in a previous one showed that for the tests performed Mn mobility was practically independent of soil hydraulic conductivity when all other factors were held constant.
Study of Regions of Homozygosity (ROH) Patterns to Evaluate the Use of Dogs’ Genome in Human Drug Development
Authors: Smieszek Sandra , Polymeropoulos Mihael H.
Published: June 2022

Animals are used as preclinical models for human diseases in drug development. Dogs, especially, are used in preclinical research to support clinical safety evaluations during drug development. Comparisons of patterns of regions of homozygosity (ROH) and phenotypes between dogs and humans are not well known. We conducted a genome-wide homozygosity analysis (GWHA) on the human and dog genomes. We calculated ROH patterns across distinct human cohorts, including the Amish, the 1000 genomes, Vanda 1 k genomes, and the Alzheimer’s cohort. The Amish provided a large cohort of extended kinships, allowing for in-depth family-oriented analyses. The remaining human cohorts served as statistical references. We then calculated ROH across different dog breeds, with emphasis on the beagle—the preferred breed used in drug development. Out of five studied human cohorts, we reported the highest mean ROH in the Amish population. We calculated the extent of the genome covered by ROH (FROH) (human 3.2 Gb, dog 2.5 Gb). Overall, FROH differed significantly between the Amish and the 1000 genomes, and between the human and the beagle genomes. The mean FROHper 1 Mb was ~ 16 kb for Amish, ~ 0.6 kb for Vanda 1 k, and ~ 128 kb for beagles. This result demonstrated the highest degree of inbreeding in beagles, far above that of the Amish, one of the most inbred human populations. ROH can contribute to inbreeding depression if it contains deleterious variants that are fully or partially recessive. The differences in ROH characteristics between human and dog genomes question the applicability of dog models in preclinical research, especially when the goal is to gauge the subtle effects on the organism’s physiology produced by candidate therapeutic agents. Importantly, there are huge differences in a subset of ADME genes, specifically the cytochrome P450 family (CYPs), which constitute major enzymes involved in drug metabolism. We should use caution when generalizing from dog to human, even if human and beagle are relatively close species phylogenetically. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-SP2022-01-02 Full Text: PDF
Gestión en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo de una Empresa de Servicios de Catering
Authors: Merino-Moncayo Mario Enrique
Published: June 2022

Actualmente, en la legislación ecuatoriana la seguridad y salud en el trabajo han marcado notables cambios para mejorar las condiciones de trabajo de los trabajadores por medio de leyes y normas para protegerlos frente a los riesgos laborales, el objetivo es hacerlo antes de que se lleguen a materializar y, por consiguiente, puedan producir daños en la salud de los trabajadores. De acuerdo con el análisis teórico realizado se proponen los elementos básicos de un sistema de gestión en seguridad y salud en el trabajo y su respectiva metodología de implementación en la empresa de Servicios de catering Macedonia de la ciudad Santo Domingo. Este trabajo se origina ante la ausencia de una normativa interna, guías técnicas e instrumentos que regulen una gestión adecuada para salvaguardar la integridad, la salud y la vida del personal. Con este marco referencial legal la empresa objeto de estudio está obligada a transformar la forma como ha venido administrando la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores. De esta manera, se logrará incrementar el nivel de desempeño al mejorar las condiciones de trabajo del personal.
Índice Sintético para Medir la Calidad del Empleo en las Micro y Pequeñas Empresas del Ecuador
Authors: Basante-Garcés José Luis
Published: June 2022

A nivel mundial el empleo no solo es el motor de la economía de un país, además, es un derecho que tienen todos los ciudadanos y que afecta directamente las condiciones de vida de la población activa. Todo ser humano tiene derecho a una calidad de vida digna para poder cubrir sus necesidades, tanto fisiológicas, de seguridad, de afiliación, de reconocimiento y autorrealización, por lo que se considera importante analizar no solo la generación de empleo, sino también la calidad del empleo existente en las Micro y Pequeñas Empresas en el contexto ecuatoriano.  El objetivo de esta investigación es establecer un índice que sea capaz de medir la calidad del empleo de las Micro y Pequeñas Empresas. El mismo estará estructurado por múltiples determinantes, tales como: tipo de contrato, horas de trabajo, seguridad social y nivel de ingresos. La metodología a utilizar está asociada a un índice sintético creado por Stefano Farné que ha servido de base para diferentes estudios en la región. Finalmente, con todas las variables establecidas y con sus pesos respectivos se establecerá un modelo econométrico que medirá la calidad del empleo en las Micro y Pequeñas Empresas del Ecuador.
La Nueva Gestión Pública Ecuatoriana y la Optimización de Recursos a través de la Contratación Pública
Authors: Logroño-Santillán Marco Antonio , Morillo-Revelo Edgardo Javier , Pavón-Rosero Luis Eduardo
Published: June 2022

Los modelos administrativos de gestión pública, en función del contexto histórico en el que se han implementado, establecen en gran parte las distintas relaciones entre Estado, Administración pública y sociedad, lo que constituye un fenómeno complejo de investigar. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la nueva gestión pública para la optimización de recursos a través de la contratación pública, ello se contrastará luego de una revisión documental específica, de tal manera que se puedan establecer semejanzas y diferencias entre dichos modelos que constituyen el objeto de estudio. La investigación busca identificar variables que ayuden a identificar la problemática de la gestión pública en el Ecuador a través de la recopilación de la plataforma SAP Business Explorer, la cual permite explorar la información corporativa de forma rápida y directa. Posteriormente, se muestra un caso para dar a conocer la aplicación de lo descrito en la metodología. Finalmente, es importante analizar la contratación pública que permite la optimización de recursos, quedando así latente la discusión académica sobre cuál sería el tan anhelado modelo ideal que, por sobre todas las cosas, permita reducir la asimetría de las clases sociales.
La Constante Búsqueda del Éxito en el Contexto de la Actual Crisis Económica
Authors: Flores-Batallas Efraín Armando
Published: June 2022

Buscar el éxito es una constante en las personas, quienes requieren de orientaciones clave para alcanzarlo. No obstante, esa búsqueda usualmente se sustenta en aspiraciones netamente materiales, tales como:  dinero, bienes, títulos académicos o de nobleza, lo cual distorsiona el verdadero sentido de lo que es alcanzar el éxito que debe apalancarse, más que nada, en aspectos intangibles que harán que el individuo alcance una dimensión más subjetiva, pero gratificante. Sobre la base de estas reflexiones se ofrecen, en este artículo, seis enseñanzas que pueden ser de valor agregado en la búsqueda del éxito tan anhelado.
Cambio Climático en la Toma de Decisiones de Pequeñas y Medianas Organizaciones
Authors: Bonatti Patricia , Santucci Marina , Dias Andrea
Published: June 2022

Las prácticas de gestión ambiental pueden resultar limitadas en las pequeñas y medianas organizaciones, debido a restricciones de acceso al capital, falta de capacitación la y escasa motivación de los decisores por una incorrecta asimilación del mensaje o por urgencias cortoplacistas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar las percepciones, actitudes y medidas de decisores de pymes en torno al cambio climático, contextualizándolo en la percepción de la problemática, la influencia de los medios de comunicación, la arquitectura de incentivos y el efecto del largo plazo.
Mediante un enfoque descriptivo y correlacional se encuestó a decisores y dueños de pymes argentinas sobre factores organizacionales, prácticas de toma de decisiones y comportamientos en torno al cambio climático. Los resultados demostraron que existe mayor implementación de medidas ambientales cuando las organizaciones están reguladas por medidas gubernamentales y cuando existen requerimientos del mercado. Los factores facilitadores fueron el trabajo en redes y la planificación al largo plazo. Estos resultados tienen como implicancia la necesidad de una arquitectura de incentivos que modele el comportamiento de los decisores y reduzca la asimetría generada por el efecto de largo plazo para incrementar la implementación de políticas e impulsar la curva de aprendizaje en los distintos sectores.
Análisis de la Calidad de la Fase de Pre Inversión basado en el Enfoque a Procesos
Authors: Aguilera-García Luis Alexis , Lores-Rodríguez Yumelys , Lao-León Yosvani Orlando , Moreno-Pino Maira Rosario
Published: June 2022

La fase de pre inversión constituye la base informacional de todo proyecto. Dada la influencia de dicha fase en la ejecución y posterior explotación de la inversión, así como su carácter complejo, iterativo y dinámico, el despliegue del enfoque a procesos resulta conveniente de cara a satisfacer a las partes interesadas pertinentes. Sin embargo, en la literatura consultada no se evidencia un análisis detallado de la estructura de esta fase como un proceso y, desde lo metodológico, se identifican insuficiencias en la evaluación y mejora de la calidad, aspecto que limita su orientación hacia la satisfacción de las partes interesadas pertinentes, lo que constituye la problemática a resolver en la presente investigación.
El objetivo se centra en definir la configuración de la fase de pre inversión como un proceso basado en la identificación de sus entradas, transformaciones y salidas, así como los subprocesos que la integran y las interrelaciones presentes entre estos. Como resultado se presenta una metodología que logra operacionalizar la evaluación y mejora de la calidad del proceso y está compuesta por tres etapas y nueve pasos que contienen tres procedimientos específicos con la utilización de varias herramientas, índices de calidad, el mapa específico y las fichas de procesos
Justicia restaurativa en México: reflexiones de lege data y de lege ferenda
Authors: Franco-Castellanos Carlos
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo, titulado: “Justicia restaurativa en México: reflexiones de lege data y de lege ferenda”, tuvo como objetivo analizar, desde una perspectiva teórico-normativa, la justicia restaurativa en el ordenamiento jurídico-penal mexicano para que sean identificadas áreas de oportunidad que tributen a su perfeccionamiento de lege data y de lege ferenda. Se siguió el enfoque cualitativo de tipo transversal descriptivo y propositivo, basado en el estudio, el análisis y la crítica de la tríada doctrina-norma-jurisprudencia y las referencias bibliográficas utilizadas se ubican en bases de datos oficiales. Se encontró que el diseño previsto para la justicia restaurativa presenta insuficiencias normativas que impiden su uso cotidiano como mecanismo de acceso a la justicia penal, junto al desconocimiento de sus modelos teóricos, principios y naturaleza. Como conclusiones, se obtuvo la necesidad de perfeccionar su actual regulación en el ordenamiento jurídico-penal conforme a sus fundamentos teóricos.
EVALUATING PSYCHOMOTOR SKILLS OF THE SÜLEYMAN DEMIREL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF DENTISTRY STUDENTS BY 9-HOLE PEG TEST
Authors: EROĞLU Erdal , Demirekin Zeynep Basagaoglu , ERKEN Merve , DEMIRCI Serpil
Published: June 2022

Aim: To measure and evaluate the effects of the curriculum applied in the Faculty of Dentistry on the psychomotor skills of the students.Design:The study was carried on 416 volunteer students. Participants were put to the "9-hole peg test" (9-HPT). The results were classified by considering the students' grades (1-5), gender (male and female), and the test hand (dominant/non-dominant) variables. Methods: Although there is an improvement in the 9-HPT completion time among the dominant (DH) and non-dominant hands (NDH) of the participants in the second and third grades, it is not statistically significant.Results: In this study, psychomotor proficiency development, considered a basic competence in the dentistry profession, was measured by the "9-HPT". The results are significant in measuring, comparing, and developing this competence by different educational methods.
ENTREVISTA
Authors: Neves Celia
Published: June 2022

Entrevista