bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep‐Learning‐Based Inverse Modeling Approaches: A Subsurface Flow Example
Authors: Wang Nanzhe , Chang Haibin , Zhang Dongxiao
Published: December 2020

Deep‐learning has achieved good performance and demonstrated great potential for solving forward and inverse problems. In this work, two categories of innovative deep‐learning‐based inverse modeling methods are proposed and compared. The first category is deep‐learning surrogate‐based inversion methods, in which the Theory‐guided Neural Network (TgNN) is constructed as a deep‐learning surrogate for problems with uncertain model parameters. By incorporating physical laws and other constraints, the TgNN surrogate can be constructed with limited simulation runs and accelerate the inversion process significantly. Three TgNN surrogate‐based inversion methods are proposed, including the gradient method, the Iterative Ensemble Smoother method, and the training method. The second category is direct‐deep‐learning‐inversion methods, in which TgNN constrained with geostatistical information, named TgNN‐geo, is proposed as the deep‐learning framework for direct inverse modeling. In TgNN‐geo, two neural networks are introduced to approximate the random model parameters and the solution, respectively. In order to honor prior geostatistical information of the random model parameters, the neural network for approximating the random model parameters is first trained by using observed or generated realizations. Then, by minimizing the loss function of TgNN‐geo, the estimation of model parameters and the approximation of the model solution can be simultaneously obtained. Since the prior geostatistical information can be incorporated, the direct‐inversion method based on TgNN‐geo works well, even in cases with sparse spatial measurements or imprecise prior statistics. Although the proposed deep‐learning‐based inverse modeling methods are general in nature, and thus applicable to a wide variety of problems, they are tested with several subsurface flow problems. It is found that satisfactory results are obtained with high efficiency. Moreover, both the advantages and disadvantages are further analyzed for the proposed two categories of deep‐learning‐based inversion methods.
Whole-genome sequencing of recurrent neuroblastoma reveals somatic mutations that affect key players in cancer progression and telomere maintenance
Authors: Fransson Susanne , Martinez-Monleon Angela , Johansson Mathias , Sjöberg Rose-Marie , Björklund Caroline , Ljungman Gustaf , Ek Torben , Kogner Per , Martinsson Tommy
Published: December 2020

Neuroblastoma is the most common and deadly childhood tumor. Relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma has a very poor prognosis despite recent treatment advances. To investigate genomic alterations associated with relapse and therapy resistance, whole-genome sequencing was performed on diagnostic and relapsed lesions together with constitutional DNA from seven children. Sequencing of relapsed tumors indicates somatic alterations in diverse genes, including those involved in RAS-MAPK signaling, promoting cell cycle progression or function in telomere maintenance and immortalization. Among recurrent alterations, CCND1-gain, TERT-rearrangements, and point mutations in POLR2A, CDK5RAP, and MUC16 were shown in ≥ 2 individuals. Our cohort contained examples of converging genomic alterations in primary-relapse tumor pairs, indicating dependencies related to specific genetic lesions. We also detected rare genetic germline variants in DNA repair genes (e.g., BARD1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and WRN) that might cooperate with somatically acquired variants in these patients with highly aggressive recurrent neuroblastoma. Our data indicate the importance of monitoring recurrent neuroblastoma through sequential genomic characterization and that new therapeutic approaches combining the targeting of MAPK signaling, cell cycle progression, and telomere activity are required for this challenging patient group.
Venous thromboembolism in patients hospitalized for knee joint replacement surgery
Authors: Keller Karsten , Hobohm Lukas , Barco Stefano , Schmidtmann Irene , Münzel Thomas , Engelhardt Martin , Eckhard Lukas , Konstantinides Stavros V. , Drees Philipp
Published: December 2020

Patients undergoing knee joint replacement (KJR) are at high risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE), but data on the time trends of VTE rate in this population are sparse. In this analysis of the German nationwide inpatient sample, we included all hospitalizations for elective primary KJR in Germany 2005–2016. Overall, 1,804,496 hospitalized patients with elective primary KJR (65.1% women, 70.0 years [IQR 63.0–76.0]) were included in the analysis. During hospitalization, VTE was documented in 23,297 (1.3%) patients. Total numbers of primary KJR increased from 129,832 in 2005 to 167,881 in 2016 (β-(slope)-estimate 1,978 [95% CI 1,951 to 2,004], P < 0.001). In-hospital VTE decreased from 2,429 (1.9% of all hospitalizations for KJR) to 1,548 (0.9%) cases (β-estimate − 0.77 [95% CI − 0.81 to − 0.72], P < 0.001), and in-hospital death rate from 0.14% (184 deaths) to 0.09% (146 deaths) (β-estimate − 0.44 deaths per year [95% CI − 0.59 to − 0.30], P < 0.001). Infections during hospitalization were associated with a higher VTE risk. VTE events were independently associated with in-hospital death (OR 20.86 [95% CI 18.78–23.15], P < 0.001). Annual number of KJR performed in Germany increased by almost 30% between 2005 and 2016. In parallel, in-hospital VTE rates decreased from 1.9 to 0.9%. Perioperative infections were associated with higher risk for VTE. Patients who developed VTE had a 21-fold increased risk of in-hospital death.
Targeted methods for epigenetic age predictions in mice
Authors: Han Yang , Nikolić Miloš , Gobs Michael , Franzen Julia , de Haan Gerald , Geiger Hartmut , Wagner Wolfgang
Published: December 2020

Age-associated DNA methylation reflects aspect of biological aging—therefore epigenetic clocks for mice can elucidate how the aging process in this model organism is affected by specific treatments or genetic background. Initially, age-predictors for mice were trained for genome-wide DNA methylation profiles and we have recently described a targeted assay based on pyrosequencing of DNA methylation at only three age-associated genomic regions. Here, we established alternative approaches using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and barcoded bisulfite amplicon sequencing (BBA-seq). At individual CG dinucleotides (CpGs) the correlation of DNA methylation with chronological age was slightly higher for pyrosequencing and ddPCR as compared to BBA-seq. On the other hand, BBA-seq revealed that neighboring CpGs tend to be stochastically modified at murine age-associated regions. Furthermore, the binary sequel of methylated and non-methylated CpGs in individual reads can be used for single-read predictions, which may reflect heterogeneity in epigenetic aging. In comparison to C57BL/6 mice the single-read age-predictions using BBA-seq were also accelerated in the shorter-lived DBA/2 mice, and in C57BL/6 mice with a lifespan quantitative trait locus of DBA/2 mice. Taken together, we describe alternative targeted methods for epigenetic age predictions that provide new perspectives for aging-intervention studies in mice.
Revealing nutritional requirements of MICP-relevant Sporosarcina pasteurii DSM33 for growth improvement in chemically defined and complex media
Authors: Lapierre Frédéric M. , Schmid Jakob , Ederer Benjamin , Ihling Nina , Büchs Jochen , Huber Robert
Published: December 2020

Microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) based on ureolysis has a high potential for many applications, e.g. restoration of construction materials. The gram-positive bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii is the most commonly used microorganism for MICP due to its high ureolytic activity. However, Sporosarcina pasteurii is so far cultivated almost exclusively in complex media, which only results in moderate biomass concentrations at the best. Cultivation of Sporosarcina pasteurii must be strongly improved in order to make technological application of MICP economically feasible. The growth of Sporosarcina pasteurii DSM 33 was boosted by detecting auxotrophic deficiencies (L-methionine, L-cysteine, thiamine, nicotinic acid), nutritional requirements (phosphate, trace elements) and useful carbon sources (glucose, maltose, lactose, fructose, sucrose, acetate, L-proline, L-alanine). These were determined by microplate cultivations with online monitoring of biomass in a chemically defined medium and systematically omitting or substituting medium components. Persisting growth limitations were also detected, allowing further improvement of the chemically defined medium by the addition of glutamate group amino acids. Common complex media based on peptone and yeast extract were supplemented based on these findings. Optical density at the end of each cultivation of the improved peptone and yeast extract media roughly increased fivefold respectively. A maximum OD600 of 26.6 ± 0.7 (CDW: 17.1 ± 0.5 g/L) was reached with the improved yeast extract medium. Finally, culture performance and media improvement was analysed by measuring the oxygen transfer rate as well as the backscatter during shake flask cultivation.
Long-term effects of cerebellar anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the acquisition and extinction of conditioned eyeblink responses
Authors: Kimpel Otilia , Hulst Thomas , Batsikadze Giorgi , Ernst Thomas M. , Nitsche Michael A. , Timmann Dagmar , Gerwig Marcus
Published: December 2020

Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been reported to enhance the acquisition of conditioned eyeblink responses (CR), a form of associative motor learning. The aim of the present study was to determine possible long-term effects of cerebellar tDCS on the acquisition and extinction of CRs. Delay eyeblink conditioning was performed in 40 young and healthy human participants. On day 1, 100 paired CS (conditioned stimulus)–US (unconditioned stimulus) trials were applied. During the first 50 paired CS–US trials, 20 participants received anodal cerebellar tDCS, and 20 participants received sham stimulation. On days 2, 8 and 29, 50 paired CS–US trials were applied, followed by 30 CS-only extinction trials on day 29. CR acquisition was not significantly different between anodal and sham groups. During extinction, CR incidences were significantly reduced in the anodal group compared to sham, indicating reduced retention. In the anodal group, learning related increase of CR magnitude tended to be reduced, and timing of CRs tended to be delayed. The present data do not confirm previous findings of enhanced acquisition of CRs induced by anodal cerebellar tDCS. Rather, the present findings suggest a detrimental effect of anodal cerebellar tDCS on CR retention and possibly CR performance.
Magnetic spatiotemporal control of SOS1 coupled nanoparticles for guided neurite growth in dopaminergic single cells
Authors: Raudzus Fabian , Schöneborn Hendrik , Neumann Sebastian , Secret Emilie , Michel Aude , Fresnais Jérome , Brylski Oliver , Ménager Christine , Siaugue Jean-Michel , Heumann Rolf
Published: December 2020

The axon regeneration of neurons in the brain can be enhanced by activating intracellular signaling pathways such as those triggered by the membrane-anchored Rat sarcoma (RAS) proto-oncogene. Here we demonstrate the induction of neurite growth by expressing tagged permanently active Harvey-RAS protein or the RAS-activating catalytic domain of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (SOS1cat), in secondary dopaminergic cells. Due to the tag, the expressed fusion protein is captured by functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in the cytoplasm of the cell. We use magnetic tips for remote translocation of the SOS1cat-loaded magnetic nanoparticles from the cytoplasm towards the inner face of the plasma membrane where the endogenous Harvey-RAS protein is located. Furthermore, we show the magnetic transport of SOS1cat-bound nanoparticles from the cytoplasm into the neurite until they accumulate at its tip on a time scale of minutes. In order to scale-up from single cells, we show the cytoplasmic delivery of the magnetic nanoparticles into large numbers of cells without changing the cellular response to nerve growth factor. These results will serve as an initial step to develop tools for refining cell replacement therapies based on grafted human induced dopaminergic neurons loaded with functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in Parkinson model systems.
A glimpse of antimicrobial resistance gene diversity in kefir and yoghurt
Authors: Tóth Adrienn Gréta , Csabai István , Maróti Gergely , Jerzsele Ákos , Dubecz Attila , Patai Árpád V. , Judge Maura Fiona , Nagy Sára Ágnes , Makrai László , Bányai Krisztián , Szita Géza , Solymosi Norbert
Published: December 2020

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat gaining more and more practical significance every year. The main determinants of AMR are the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Since bacteria can share genetic components via horizontal gene transfer, even non-pathogenic bacteria may provide ARG to any pathogens which they become physically close to (e.g. in the human gut). In addition, fermented food naturally contains bacteria in high amounts. In this study, we examined the diversity of ARG content in various kefir and yoghurt samples (products, grains, bacterial strains) using a unified metagenomic approach. We found numerous ARGs of commonly used fermenting bacteria. Even with the strictest filter restrictions, we identified ARGs undermining the efficacy of aminocoumarins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, cephamycins, diaminopyrimidines, elfamycins, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycins, glycylcyclines, lincosamides, macrolides, monobactams, nitrofurans, nitroimidazoles, penams, penems, peptides, phenicols, rifamycins, tetracyclines and triclosan. In the case of gene lmrD, we detected genetic environment providing mobility of this ARG. Our findings support the theory that during the fermentation process, the ARG content of foods can grow due to bacterial multiplication. The results presented suggest that the starting culture strains of fermented foods should be monitored and selected in order to decrease the intake of ARGs via foods.
Neurophysiological markers of ADHD symptoms in typically-developing children
Authors: Hilger Kirsten , Sassenhagen Jona , Kühnhausen Jan , Reuter Merle , Schwarz Ulrike , Gawrilow Caterina , Fiebach Christian J.
Published: December 2020

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Neurophysiological correlates of ADHD include changes in the P3 component of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Motivated by recent advances towards a more dimensional understanding of ADHD, we investigate whether ADHD-related ERP markers relate to continuous variations in attention and executive functioning also in typically-developing children. ERPs were measured while 31 school children (9–11 years) completed an adapted version of the Continuous Performance Task that additionally to inhibitory processes also isolates effects of physical stimulus salience. Children with higher levels of parent-reported ADHD symptoms did not differ in task performance, but exhibited smaller P3 amplitudes related to stimulus salience. Furthermore, ADHD symptoms were associated with the variability of neural responses over time: Children with higher levels of ADHD symptoms demonstrated lower variability in inhibition- and salience-related P3 amplitudes. No effects were observed for ERP latencies and the salience-related N2. By demonstrating that ADHD-associated neurophysiological mechanisms of inhibition and salience processing covary with attention and executive functioning in a children community sample, our study provides neurophysiological support for dimensional models of ADHD. Also, temporal variability in event-related potentials is highlighted as additional indicator of ADHD requiring further investigation.
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of polymer–antibiotic conjugates incorporated into a resin-based dental adhesive
Authors: Zhang Ziwen , Jones Megan M. , Sabatini Camila , Vanyo Stephen T. , Yang Ming , Kumar Abhishek , Jiang Yancheng , Swihart Mark T. , Visser Michelle B. , Cheng Chong
Published: December 2020

The dental resins incorporated with a penicillin V (PV)-based polymer–antibiotic conjugate (PAC) demonstrate significant antibacterial properties.
Ground water copper levels in the seawater intrusion area and the possible physical and chemical dynamics
Authors: Jia Cuiping , Chen Qiao , Hao Decheng , Lou Shuwen , An Maoguo , Li Qingcai , Dong Fangying , Yu Yongbo , Cheng Wenchao
Published: December 2020

Seawater intrusion, a common geological process along the coastal zones, is confirmed to improve groundwater Copper (Cu) levels by the processes of cation competition and complexation.
Natural textile based triboelectric nanogenerators for efficient energy harvesting applications
Authors: Sangkhun Weradesh , Wanwong Sompit
Published: December 2020

We reported a facile method to transform surface energy of plain cotton and silk into different tribopolarities. A single natural textile based TENG generated the maximum output voltage of 216.8 V and output current of 50.3 uA.
Zeolite-Y encapsulated cobalt(ii) Schiff-base complexes employed for photocatalytic dye-degradation and upcycling CO2
Authors: Kumari Susheela , Ramesh Aishwarya , Das Bidisa , Ray Saumi
Published: December 2020

Planar cobalt(ii) Schiff-base complexes show modified structural and functional properties after encapsulation inside zeolite-Y.
Nanosystems as curative platforms for allergic disorder management
Authors: Fan Peng-Sheng , Sun Meng-Jie , Qin Di , Yuan Cong-Shan , Chen Xi-Guang , Liu Ya
Published: December 2020

Allergy, IgE-mediated inflammatory disorders including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and conjunctivitis, affects billions of people worldwide.
A dual distance metrics method for improving classification performance
Authors: Wu Lian , Xu Yong , Zhao Yong , Hu Zhijun , Sun Lilei
Published: December 2020

Distance metric forms the basis of pattern classification, as almost all classifiers depend on such a metric for making classification decisions. However, the existing research testifies that a single‐distance metric is not robust enough for classification. In this Letter, the authors propose a dual distance metrics method and modify collaborative representation using dual distance metrics, that is, collaborative representation related class distance and conventional sample distance. These two distance metrics are fused by a parameter‐free multiplication scheme. The rationale of the designed multiplication fusion can be interpreted from the viewpoint of probability. As the multiplication fusion exploit the two distance metrics effectively and allow the best of the distance metrics to dominate the final classification decision, the improved collaborative representation based on dual distance metric can achieve a very high accuracy rate. Experimental results show that the proposed method has promising performance. It is also noted that the values of the two distance metrics vary with the test sample, therefore, the two distance metrics play different roles for different test samples. In other words, the two distance metrics are adaptive for test samples. The idea of the dual distance metrics method is also suitable for other combinations of other distance metrics.
A dispersion‐free multi‐access RF dissemination link with phase jitter compensation
Authors: Zhu Xiang , Jin Tao , Fu Ying , Chi Hao , Liu Weimin , Wang Qihang , Feng Pengyu
Published: December 2020

A dispersion‐free scheme for stable multi‐access radio frequency dissemination in a fibre loop link is proposed and demonstrated. The phase jitter and dispersion‐induced power fading are suppressed simultaneously by transmitting different single‐band signals in opposite propagating directions. Experimentally, a 2.5 GHz radio frequency signal is steadily transmitted to different remote sites, with phase deviations less than 0.6 ps over 15,000 s.
Haze removal network using unified function for image dehazing
Authors: Oh Hyungseok , Kim Hyena , Kim Yejin , Yim Changhoon
Published: December 2020

The atmospheric scattering model includes two crucial parameters for dehazing: global atmospheric light and the transmission map. Most previous dehazing methods need to obtain these two parameters separately, which makes dehazing a difficult and ill‐posed problem. Here, a new unified function that includes both the crucial parameters for haze removal is proposed. Then the haze removal network, which now needs to learn only one function during training, is proposed. Image dehazing can be performed as a simple addition of the haze removal function with the input hazy image. Experimental results show that the proposed method gives better subjective results for indoor and outdoor synthesized images as well as natural images compared to previous state‐of‐the‐art methods. Quantitative evaluation results show that the proposed haze removal network gives improved objective results compared with the same previous methods.
Feature‐clustering‐based single‐line‐to‐ground fault section location using auto‐encoder and fuzzy C‐means clustering in resonant grounding distribution systems
Authors: Gao Jian‐Hong , Guo Mou‐Fa , Shao Xiang , Chen Duan‐Yu
Published: December 2020

Many sensors like digital fault indicators (DFIs) have been applied and promoted in distribution systems. The sensors can provide a technical mean for single‐line‐to‐ground (SLG) fault section location, but there are still some feature extraction and fault diagnosis problems. A novel SLG fault section location method utilizing auto‐encoder (AE) and fuzzy C‐means (FCM) clustering is presented in this work. Taking advantage of abundant information provided by DFIs, striking features can be extracted by the AE network, which is different from the artificially designed features that rely on prior knowledge. Compared with the learning‐based methods requiring massive training data, the proposed method only requires the data from one SLG fault. By applying the AE network to the zero‐sequence current measured by DFIs, the SLG fault section location's striking features could be obtained. Through feature classification by FCM clustering without setting threshold, the positional relationship between each detection node and the fault point would be distinguished to locate the fault section. Considering the abnormal communication of DFIs, the experiment proves that the proposed method can work effectively under various fault conditions.
Joint use of DSRC and C‐V2X for V2X communications in the 5.9 GHz ITS band
Authors: Ansari Keyvan
Published: December 2020

Vehicular communications networks form the backbone of cooperative intelligent transport systems to support road safety and infotainment applications amongst users. IEEE 802.11p of the Dedicated Short‐Range Communications protocol stack has been the technology of choice for Vehicle‐to‐Everything communications within the United States and Japan and has been extensively trailed in other countries such as Australia. With the advent of cellular technologies, a new, competing cellular‐based Device‐to‐Device technology, known as Cellular Vehicle‐to‐Everything Sidelink, has emerged. Considering both technologies suffer from performance limitations, there is a current debate as to which of these technologies will eventually dominate the cooperative intelligent transport systems landscape if they cannot coexist. To investigate mechanisms of spectrum sharing between Dedicated Short‐Range Communications and Cellular Vehicle‐to‐Everything for deployment in a common region, this paper initially reviews the background and technicalities of both technologies. The paper subsequently sets forth Vehicle‐to‐Everything platform models that allow not only spectrum sharing at the ITS band but also concurrent and simultaneous propagations of Dedicated Short‐Range Communications and Cellular Vehicle‐to‐Everything messages. The transmission and reception mechanisms of hybrid Vehicle‐to‐Everything platforms are verified through a describing function model.
Preparation and magnetic properties of MnBi alloy and MnBi /Fe hybrid magnets
Authors: Li Chunhong , Guo Donglin , Zeng Wen , Zhang Mingyuan , Xu Banghong
Published: December 2020

MnBi alloys were prepared using arc melting with different atomic proportions between Mn and Bi and then heated at 573 K for 30 h. MnBi /Fe hybrid magnets were also prepared by modulating MnBi content. The microstructure evolution, the content of ferromagnetic low temperature phase MnBi, and the magnetic properties of MnBi alloys and MnBi /Fe hybrid magnets were studied systematically. Results showed that the composition and heat treatment had obvious influences on the saturation magnetization of MnBi alloy, where the saturation magnetization increased quickly following the heat treatment. The saturation magnetization initially increased and then decreased with increasing the content of Mn, which was consistent with the change of mass percentage of the LTP MnBi. The MnBi alloy with 50 at% Mn exhibited maximum magnetization as 62.0 emu/g with 30 KOe applied field at 300 K. The ratio of the content between Fe and MnBi had a remarkable effect on the magnetic performance. The saturation magnetization of MnBi/Fe hybrid magnets increased obviously with increasing the content of Fe. Meanwhile, the coercivity of the composite magnet increased dramatically with increasing the content of MnBi.
A new boost switched capacitor seven‐level grid‐tied inverter
Authors: Gao Yang , Zhang Weichi , Naderi Zarnaghi Yahya , Vosoughi Kurdkandi Naser , Zhang Chenming
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a new switched capacitor‐based multilevel inverter structure is suggested. The proposed topology can generate seven‐level output voltage waveform using ten power electronic switches and two floating capacitors. This structure has the ability to boost the input DC voltage, up to 1.5 times. Although this topology can generate an output waveform with large number of levels, it does not increase the voltage stress on the power electronic switches. There is no need for capacitor voltage balancing in this structure since the capacitors are balanced through charging and discharging modes of operation. In addition, the suggested switched capacitor inverter reduces the number of input dc power supplies and uses a single dc source such as a photovoltaic (PV) panel. Since the proposed inverter is an neutral point clamp based multilevel inverter topology, the leakage current is minimized and as a result the overall efficiency of the proposed system is increased. The operation modes and steady‐state analysis of the proposed structure are explained in detail. In order to validate the feasibility of the proposed topology, some experimental results are presented in the grid connected mode of operation.
Discrete time model based multiple paths full feedforward control for three‐phase inverter with output transformer
Authors: Lin Bowei , Peng Li , Wang Xuefeng , Liu Xinmin , Li Yaqing
Published: December 2020

In a high‐power three‐phase voltage source inverter, a step‐up transformer may be used at the output of the LC filter to achieve higher output voltage, improve electromagnetism compatibility and serve as output inductor under parallel operation. However, under standalone operation, the performance of the inverter is degraded since the feedback control does not include the output voltage of the transformer. This paper proposes a multiple paths load current full feedforward control designed in discrete time domain to improve the performance of the inverter. The proposed full feedforward controller has a concise expression due to multiple feedforward paths, and it is easy to fit in other control structures. Additionally, direct analysis in discrete time domain offers an accurate approach to investigate the relationships of the variables, and the improper fractions in the full feedforward controller can be handled with fewer trade‐offs. A lower output impedance is achieved eventually. MATLAB/Simulink is used to present the handling of advance operator z, ringing phenomenon and transformer dynamic. Experiments of a TMS320F28335 processor based 75 kVA three‐phase inverter with output transformer prove that the proposed controller can further improve the dynamic and steady‐state performance of the inverter under linear and nonlinear loads.
Complete Sternal Cleft Repair
Authors: Harijee Ankita , Vijayaraghavan Sundeep , Marathi Arjun Reddy , Kottayil Brijesh Parayaru , Kappanayil Mahesh , Bayya Praveen Reddy , Jayashankar Jessin P
Published: December 2020

Sternal cleft (SC) is a rare congenital malformation which can be partial or complete.

We report a case of complete SC in a 9-month-old child. Our technique involves a combination of reinforcement with the deep cervical fascial extension, followed by the anterior perichondrial flaps, bridged with the rib graft, incorporating surplus resected cartilaginous xiphoid process, and covered with the bilateral pectoralis major muscle flap for the chest wall reconstruction with 3D printing assisting preoperative planning. The size of the defect in relation to the age of presentation was a deciding factor in the adoption of this alternative surgical technique.
Can the Choice of Radiotherapy Delivery Technique Influence Which Target Delineation Protocol to Use? A Plan-Quality-Based Analysis in Left Breast Cancer
Authors: Ahmad Irfan , Chufal Kundan Singh , Bhatt Chandi Prasad , Miller Alexis Andrew , Bajpai Ram , Chowdhary Rahul Lal , Pahuja Anjali Kakria , Chhabra Akanksha , Gairola Munish
Published: December 2020

Introduction This study investigates the optimal target delineation protocol stratified by treatment planning technique in patients undergoing whole breast radiotherapy after breast conservation surgery.

Materials and Methods Target delineation using Tangent (RTOG 0413 Whole Breast Irradiation Protocol), European SocieTy for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO), and Radiation Therapy & Oncology Group (RTOG) guidelines was performed on 10 randomly selected treatment planning computed tomography datasets of patients with left-sided breast cancer. An objective plan quality metric (PQM) scoring schema was defined and communicated to the medical physicist prior to commencement of treatment planning. Treatment planning was performed using field-in-field (FiF) intensity modulated radiotherapy technique (IMRT), inverse IMRT, and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), for each type of target. Two-way repeated measures, analysis of variance was utilized to compare the total PQM scores and dosimetric variables, stratified by treatment planning method.

Results Total PQM score of plans for FiF, IMRT, and VMAT revealed that Tangent and ESTRO delineations were equivalent regardless of planning technique (Tangent vs. ESTRO for FiF, p = 0.099; Tangent vs. ESTRO for IMRT, p = 0.029; Tangent vs. ESTRO for VMAT, p = 0.438). Both delineation protocols were significantly superior to RTOG for all treatment planning techniques.

Conclusion For all treatment planning techniques, ESTRO and Tangent delineation were equivalent and both achieved significantly higher scores than RTOG delineation.
SCF-Fbxo42 promotes synaptonemal complex assembly by downregulating PP2A-B56
Authors: Barbosa Pedro , Zhaunova Liudmila , Debilio Simona , Steccanella Verdiana , Kelly Van , Ly Tony , Ohkura Hiroyuki
Published: December 2020

Meiosis creates genetic diversity by recombination and segregation of chromosomes. The synaptonemal complex assembles during meiotic prophase I and assists faithful exchanges between homologous chromosomes, but how its assembly/disassembly is regulated remains to be understood. Here, we report how two major posttranslational modifications, phosphorylation and ubiquitination, cooperate to promote synaptonemal complex assembly. We found that the ubiquitin ligase complex SCF is important for assembly and maintenance of the synaptonemal complex in Drosophila female meiosis. This function of SCF is mediated by two substrate-recognizing F-box proteins, Slmb/βTrcp and Fbxo42. SCF-Fbxo42 down-regulates the phosphatase subunit PP2A-B56, which is important for synaptonemal complex assembly and maintenance.
Einstein Poisson warped product space
Authors: Pal Buddhadev , Kumar Pankaj
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we provide some results on Poisson manifold (M, Π) with contravariant Levi–Civita connection

D

associated to pair (Π, g). We introduce the notion of Einstein Poisson warped product space (M = B ×
f

F, Π, g

f
) (where Π = Π1 + Π2). Moreover, we show that if M is an Einstein Poisson warped product space with nonpositive scalar curvature and compact base B, J
1 is a field endomorphism on T*B satisfies

J

1

2

=
I

, then M is simply a Riemannian Poisson product. For a contravariant Lorentzian Poisson warped space (M = B ×
f

F, g, Π) (where

B
=
I
×
R

) one can determine contravariant Einstein equations and the cosmological constant Λ corresponding to the contravariant Einstein equation G = −Λg. Moreover, it is shown that Einstein equation G = −Λg, induces the contravariant Einstein equation

G

F

i
j

=
−

Λ

F

g

F

i
j

with cosmological constant Λ
F
on fiber space (F, g

F
, Π
F
).
Inverse problem for the Schrödinger equation with non-self-adjoint matrix potential
Authors: Avdonin S A , Mikhaylov A S , Mikhaylov V S , Park J C
Published: December 2020

We consider the dynamical system with boundary control for the vector Schrödinger equation on the interval with a non-self-adjoint matrix potential. For this system, we study the inverse problem of recovering the matrix potential from the dynamical Neumann-to-Dirichlet operator. We first provide a method to recover spectral data for the Schrödinger system and consequently prove controllability of the system. We then develop a strategy for solving the inverse problem using this method with other techniques of the boundary control method.
Clustering-based particle detection method for digital holography to detect the three-dimensional location and in-plane size of particles
Authors: Huang Jianqing , Li Shen , Zi Yabo , Qian Yong , Cai Weiwei , Aldén Marcus , Li Zhongshan
Published: December 2020

Digital holography (DH) has been extensively applied in particle field measurements due to its promising ability to simultaneously provide the three-dimensional location and in-plane size of particles. Particle detection methods are crucial in hologram data processing to determine particle size and particle in-focus depth, which directly affect the measurement accuracy and robustness of DH. In this work, inspired by clustering algorithms, a new clustering-based particle detection (CBPD) method was proposed for DH. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that clustering algorithms have been applied in processing holograms for particle detection. The results of both simulations and experiments confirmed the feasibility of our proposed method. This data-driven method features automatic recognition of particles, particle edges and background, and accurate separation of overlapping particles. Compared with seven conventional particle detection methods, the CBPD method has improved accuracy in measuring particle positions and displacements.
Nanoscale flexible Ag grating/AuNPs self-assembly hybrid for ultra-sensitive sensors
Authors: Dong Jun , Cao Yi , Han Qingyan , Gao Wei , Li Tuo , Qi Jianxia
Published: December 2020

In this paper, Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) are prepared using wet chemical reduction transfer of dense AuNPs film by self-assembly to the surface of Ag grating, which is inverted from the inner DVD after evaporation. The Ag grating/AuNPs self-assembly hybrid substrate commonly used in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) research is produced. The coupling effect between AuNP-AuNP and AuNPs-Ag slugs can evidently enhance the local electric field. Experimental results show that the hybrid SERS substrate can detect 10−9 M Rh6G, and the enhancement factor reaches 4.4 × 105. This small, cheap hybrid substrate has enormous potential in the field of SERS sensing.
Enhancement of quantum synchronization via continuous measurement and feedback control
Authors: Kato Yuzuru , Nakao Hiroya
Published: December 2020

We study synchronization of a quantum van der Pol oscillator with a harmonic drive and demonstrate that quantum synchronization can be enhanced by performing continuous homodyne measurement on an additional bath linearly coupled to the oscillator and applying feedback control to the oscillator. The phase coherence of the oscillator is increased by reducing quantum fluctuations via the continuous measurement, whereas the measurement backaction inevitably induces fluctuations around the phase-locking point. We propose a simple feedback policy for suppressing measurement-induced fluctuations by adjusting the frequency of the harmonic drive, which results in enhancement of quantum synchronization. We further demonstrate that the maximum enhancement of quantum synchronization is achieved by performing quantum measurement on the quadrature angle at which the phase diffusion of the oscillator is the largest and the maximal information on the oscillator phase is extracted.
Prospects for the use of “smart” pipe in pressurized water systems in the aspect of effective water resources management
Authors: Lutovac M , Srbinoski S , Popova O V , Lutovac B
Published: December 2020

The development of water management in the context of global water shortages and, at the same time, the increased demand of the population and industry for water requires new innovative solutions that will ensure a stable supply of the population, industry, agriculture and energy with the required amount of water. The main and indispensable elements for ensuring the supply of the required amount of water are pipes that are installed in pressure systems. The current types of pipes used in the water industry cannot constantly track trends in the distribution of the amount of water, which change over 24 hours and 365 days. This article will introduce a new concept for the development of pipes used in pressure systems that will increase the performance of water systems and provide significant savings in clean water.
Statistical processing of the obtained data moment of inertia of the chopper soaked soybeans
Authors: Frolov V Yu , Klasner G G , Spiridonov A M
Published: December 2020

The paper presents experimental studies to determine the moment of inertia of the moving disk of the grinding device. A method was used to determine the flywheel masses and moment of inertia from the «Vybega» curve. To determine the mechanical characteristics of the grinder, the method of a calibrated collector machine of alternating current was used. The mechanical characteristics of the grinder are obtained depending on the size of the abrasive, the value of the angle of curvature of the grooves and the size of the gap between the working bodies of the device being developed. Regression analysis made it possible to estimate the value of the resistance moment of the grinding device at a given value of the abrasive value and speed.
The flow research in vane diffusers of centrifugal compressors transonic stages
Authors: Aksenov A , Fateeva E , Tuzova N , Zaytseva E , Poselennov V , Kozhukhov Y
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Computational fluid and gas dynamics methods are used at all stages of design, including blade machine design: from the creation of a schematic design to a detailed study of all the main units [1, 2]. The industries using refrigeration centrifugal compressors (oil refining, chemical, food) development requires the machines unit capacity, efficiency and reliability increase, the weight and size characteristics and metal consumption decrease. Since this machine type production often has a small-scale or individual character, and the needs for machine specified characteristics maintain during the entire service life exists, design remains an important stage in the creation process. This article is devoted to the possibility of validating the calculations using the numerical gas dynamics methods research. The centrifugal compressor end stage numerical and a full-scale research were made during the investigation; refrigeration centrifugal compressor end stage full-scale investigation carried out by D.A. Kapelkin was chosen as a base of the research [3]. As a result, the diffuser flow numerical simulation results were analyzed and the calculated and full-scale characteristics comparison was carried out. Recommendations for the numerical gas dynamics methods application are given in a particular case, applied to refrigeration centrifugal compressors vane diffusers gas-dynamic calculations.
Method of getting the composite fiber material with functional heat-resistant, heat-accumulating components
Authors: Cherunova I , Stefanova E , Radyuhina G
Published: December 2020

In the article research results are presented, which aim to development of an method of getting the composite fiber material with functional heat-resistant and/or heat-accumulating components. Their resources and prospects for their use are of interest for improving the clothing heat resistance by modifying the materials. A similar approach is relevant for technologies of protective clothing from the cold (modification of fibrous materials using heat-accumulating components). As a heat-resistant synthetic fiber, we considered the Kevlar fiber. For research and development, we selected a special fine fraction: pulp or PCM-capsules. As a fibrous basis for designing the new material, we considered a widely used fiber insulating material – Hollofiber. The method and scheme of the general layout of the method for modifying nonwoven fabric with fine aramid fiber - pulp or PCM are developed. The research results allowed us to find that the proportion of Kevlar in the insulating material equal to 30 ±3 g/cu.m virtually did not change the thickness, porosity, and density of the material pack (less than 1%), which indicates the constancy of the air volume, the presence of which determines the thermal resistance of the insulating material. The presented method has a similar application technology for PCM capsules, which are converted by standard fiber materials.
Methodology for optimizing the study of fire-retardant compositions for building materials and structures
Authors: Eremina Tatiana , Korolchenko Dmitrii , Portnov Fedor
Published: December 2020

In Russia, a large number of domestic and foreign fire-retardant materials are used to reduce fire danger when using metal and wooden structures in construction, as well as cable products. Regulatory instruments are used to assess these properties of fire-retardant materials, which do not allow for sufficient performance assessment. In this regard, the use of interdisciplinary research methods is proposed. The authors propose a wide range of research methods, as well as a methodological approach based on the separation of interdisciplinary methods into groups by scale of the research object (material). Based on the level-based division of the study, as well as an analysis of possible experimental methods at each level, it is proposed to optimize the study of the operational properties of building materials and fire retardants through the use of a compatibility chart. A practical example of how to use a compatibility chart is shown.
Glass structural elements and load-bearing glass structures
Authors: Balyakina Olga , Vasilyeva Olga , Smirnov Vitaly
Published: December 2020

This article provides an overview of scientific and technical literature on the design and calculation of load-bearing structures made of laminated glass. Since glass is one of the most fragile materials, additional control methods are required for the production, installation and operation of glass structures, because one small defect can reduce the strength of the entire structure several times. The analysis of multilayer glass, its calculation and design for use in construction is presented. The thickness, the number of layers, the presence and type of the intermediate layer, all this affects the strength characteristics of the entire glass structure. The problem of the lack of a Russian regulatory and technical base that would regulate the design of load-bearing glass elements, such as columns, beams, shells, etc.
Rational maintenance of the use of technics
Authors: Kokieva G , Koryakin A , Ammosov I , Klimov S , Yusupov Sh
Published: December 2020

The priority area of engineering activities to ensure the operability of machines and reduce the intensity of their wear is currently maintenance. Modern and high-quality performance of this work allows you to reduce by 30 … 35% just during repair, for technical reasons, by 25 … 30% to reduce the consumption of spare parts, by 18-20% of fuel and lubricants during the operation of the machine and tractor fleet. However, observations show that the impact of maintenance on the productivity of the machine and tractor fleet has noticeably decreased in recent years. Practically the only way to determine reliability, durability and wear resistance is testing. Even those few researchers who develop analytical methods for calculating these characteristics are forced to rely on empirically obtained data. The existing methods of operational testing do not provide objective information about the reliability, durability and wear resistance of machines. The article provides a research methodology that is carried out according to the quantitative characteristics of the reliability of elements. Reliability is quantitatively determined by the likelihood of completing the task on time with the appropriate quality of work. Then we determine the failure rate, which shows what fraction of the total number of parts fails during the considered period of time. Thus, it can be noted that reliability is an important indicator, but not sufficient for a complete characterization. The machine must be evaluated for maintainability and durability.
Improving the sustainability of metal-producing industries in Russia
Authors: Rodionov A , Danilina M , Buslaev S
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the metal-producing industries face a range of economic and ecological problems. The authors use content-analysis and statistical methods for analyzing the recent data and make proposals for the development t of metallurgy. The metallurgical industry is in second place among all other industries in terms of atmospheric emissions. Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises are forced to use ore with a very low content of useful components in the extraction of metals. Thus, a huge volume of ore is supplied to beneficiation and smelting, and this, in turn, generates large quantities of waste gases from unused components. The current position of metallurgy companies in Russia does not contribute to the development of new industries for several reasons: lack of funds for the development of large plants; lack of forecast for short-term global demand for ferrous metallurgy products; a growing group of competition from foreign manufacturers for the products provided by the industry. To reduce the level of negative impact of metallurgy on the environment, it is necessary to develop and use new technologies that are safe for the environment. Unfortunately, not all enterprises use purification filters and facilities, although this is mandatory in the activities of every metallurgical enterprise.
Thermodynamic foundations of wood’s operational properties
Authors: Portnov Fedor , Mikhaleva Daria
Published: December 2020

The paper shows trends in the study of building materials. Thermodynamic approaches to analysis of the condition of building materials as a thermodynamic system, including in thermal decomposition conditions, are described. As part of the experimental part, the proposed methods analysed the effect of phosphorus organic materials on the fire danger of wood. The correlation of thermodynamic criteria (Gibbs energy) and identified physical and chemical behaviors of modified wood has been revealed.